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Title: Webster's Unabridged Dictionary

Author: Various

Release Date: August 22, 2009 [EBook #29765]
[Last updated: May 18, 2014]

Language: English

Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WEBSTER'S UNABRIDGED DICTIONARY ***




Produced by Graham Lawrence




A
A (named a in the English, and most commonly ä in other languages).

Defn: The first letter of the English and of many other alphabets.
The capital A of the alphabets of Middle and Western Europe, as also
the small letter (a), besides the forms in Italic, black letter,
etc., are all descended from the old Latin A, which was borrowed from
the Greek Alpha, of the same form; and this was made from the first
letter (Aleph, and itself from the Egyptian origin. The Aleph was a
consonant letter, with a guttural breath sound that was not an
element of Greek articulation; and the Greeks took it to represent
their vowel Alpha with the ä sound, the Phoenician alphabet having no
vowel symbols. This letter, in English, is used for several different
vowel sounds. See Guide to pronunciation, §§ 43-74. The regular long
a, as in fate, etc., is a comparatively modern sound, and has taken
the place of what, till about the early part of the 17th century, was
a sound of the quality of ä (as in far).

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The name of the sixth tone in the model major scale (that in
C), or the first tone of the minor scale, which is named after it the
scale in A minor. The second string of the violin is tuned to the A
in the treble staff.
 -- A sharp (A#) is the name of a musical tone intermediate between A
and B.
 -- A flat (A) is the name of a tone intermediate between A and G.

A per se Etym: (L. per se by itself), one preëminent; a nonesuch.
[Obs.]
O fair Creseide, the flower and A per se Of Troy and Greece. Chaucer.

A
A (# emph. #).

1. Etym: [Shortened form of an. AS. an one. See One.]

Defn: An adjective, commonly called the indefinite article, and
signifying one or any, but less emphatically.

Defn: "At a birth"; "In a word"; "At a blow". Shak.

Note: It is placed before nouns of the singular number denoting an
individual object, or a quality individualized, before collective
nouns, and also before plural nouns when the adjective few or the
phrase great many or good many is interposed; as, a dog, a house, a
man; a color; a sweetness; a hundred, a fleet, a regiment; a few
persons, a great many days. It is used for an, for the sake of
euphony, before words beginning with a consonant sound [for exception
of certain words beginning with h, see An]; as, a table, a woman, a
year, a unit, a eulogy, a ewe, a oneness, such a one, etc. Formally
an was used both before vowels and consonants.

2. Etym: [Originally the preposition a (an, on).]

Defn: In each; to or for each; as, "twenty leagues a day", "a hundred
pounds a year", "a dollar a yard", etc.

A
A, prep. Etym: [Abbreviated form of an (AS. on). See On.]

1. In; on; at; by. [Obs.] "A God's name." "Torn a pieces." "Stand a
tiptoe." "A Sundays" Shak. "Wit that men have now a days." Chaucer.
"Set them a work." Robynson (More's Utopia)

2. In process of; in the act of; into; to; -- used with verbal
substantives in -ing which begin with a consonant. This is a
shortened form of the preposition an (which was used before the vowel
sound); as in a hunting, a building, a begging. "Jacob, when he was a
dying" Heb. xi. 21. "We'll a birding together." " It was a doing."
Shak. "He burst out a laughing." Macaulay. The hyphen may be used to
connect a with the verbal substantive (as, a-hunting, a-building) or
the words may be written separately. This form of expression is now
for the most part obsolete, the a being omitted and the verbal
substantive treated as a participle.

A
A. Etym: [From AS. of off, from. See Of.]

Defn: Of. [Obs.] "The name of John a Gaunt." "What time a day is it "
Shak. "It's six a clock." B. Jonson.

A
A.

Defn: A barbarous corruption of have, of he, and sometimes of it and
of they. "So would I a done" "A brushes his hat." Shak.

A
A.

Defn: An expletive, void of sense, to fill up the meter
A merry heart goes all the day, Your sad tires in a mile-a. Shak.

A-
A-

Defn: A, as a prefix to English words, is derived from various
sources. (1) It frequently signifies on or in (from an, a forms of
AS. on), denoting a state, as in afoot, on foot, abed, amiss, asleep,
aground, aloft, away (AS. onweg), and analogically, ablaze, atremble,
etc. (2) AS. of off, from, as in adown (AS. ofdüne off the dun or
hill). (3) AS. a- (Goth. us-, ur-, Ger. er-), usually giving an
intensive force, and sometimes the sense of away, on, back, as in
arise, abide, ago. (4) Old English y- or i- (corrupted from the AS.
inseparable particle ge-, cognate with OHG. ga-, gi-, Goth. ga-),
which, as a prefix, made no essential addition to the meaning, as in
aware. (5) French à (L. ad to), as in abase, achieve. (6) L. a, ab,
abs, from, as in avert. (7) Greek insep. prefix a without, or
privative, not, as in abyss, atheist; akin to E. un-.

Note: Besides these, there are other sources from which the prefix a
takes its origin.

A 1
A 1. A registry mark given by underwriters (as at Lloyd's) to ships
in first-class condition. Inferior grades are indicated by A 2 and A
3.

Note: A 1 is also applied colloquially to other things to imply
superiority; prime; first-class; first-rate.

AAM
Aam, n. Etym: [D. aam, fr. LL. ama; cf. L. hama a water bucket, Gr.

Defn: A Dutch and German measure of liquids, varying in different
cities, being at Amsterdam about 41 wine gallons, at Antwerp 36½, at
Hamburg 38¼. [Written also Aum and Awm.]

AARD-VARK
Aard"-vark`, n. Etym: [D., earth-pig.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An edentate mammal, of the genus Orycteropus, somewhat
resembling a pig, common in some parts of Southern Africa. It burrows
in the ground, and feeds entirely on ants, which it catches with its
long, slimy tongue.

AARD-WOLF
Aard"-wolf`, n. Etym: [D, earth-wolf] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carnivorous quadruped (Proteles Lalandii), of South Africa,
resembling the fox and hyena. See Proteles.

AARONIC; AARONICAL
Aa*ron"ic, Aa*ron"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Aaron, the first high priest of the Jews.

AARON'S ROD
Aar"on's rod`. Etym: [See Exodus vii. 9 and Numbers xvii. 8]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A rod with one serpent twined around it, thus differing from
the caduceus of Mercury, which has two.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant with a tall flowering stem; esp. the great mullein, or
hag-taper, and the golden-rod.

AB-
Ab-. Etym: [Latin prep., etymologically the same as E. of, off. See
Of.]

Defn: A prefix in many words of Latin origin. It signifies from, away
, separating, or departure, as in abduct, abstract, abscond. See A-
(6).

AB
Ab, n. Etym: [Of Syriac origin.]

Defn: The fifth month of the Jewish year according to the
ecclesiastical reckoning, the eleventh by the civil computation,
coinciding nearly with August. W. Smith.

ABACA
Ab"a*ca, n. Etym: [The native name.]

Defn: The Manila-hemp plant (Musa textilis); also, its fiber. See
Manila hemp under Manila.

ABACINATE
A*bac"i*nate, v.t. Etym: [LL. abacinatus, p.p. of abacinare; ab off +
bacinus a basin.]

Defn: To blind by a red-hot metal plate held before the eyes. [R.]

ABACINATION
A*bac`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act of abacinating. [R.]

ABACISCUS
Ab`a*cis"cus, n. Etym: [Gr.Abacus.] (Arch.)

Defn: One of the tiles or squares of a tessellated pavement; an
abaculus.

ABACIST
Ab"a*cist, n. Etym: [LL abacista, fr. abacus.]

Defn: One who uses an abacus in casting accounts; a calculator.

ABACK
A*back", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + back; AS. on bæc at, on, or toward
the back. See Back.]

1. Toward the back or rear; backward. "Therewith aback she started."
Chaucer.

2. Behind; in the rear. Knolles.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: Backward against the mast;-said of the sails when pressed by
the wind. Totten. To be taken aback. (a) To be driven backward
against the mast; -- said of the sails, also of the ship when the
sails are thus driven. (b) To be suddenly checked, baffled, or
discomfited. Dickens.

ABACK
Ab"ack, n.

Defn: An abacus. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

ABACTINAL
Ab*ac"ti*nal, a. Etym: [L. ab + E. actinal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the surface or end opposite to the mouth in a
radiate animal; -- opposed to actinal. "The aboral or abactinal
area." L. Agassiz.

ABACTION
Ab*ac"tion, n.

Defn: Stealing cattle on a large scale. [Obs.]

ABACTOR
Ab*ac"tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. abigere to drive away; ab+agere to
drive.] (Law)

Defn: One who steals and drives away cattle or beasts by herds or
droves. [Obs.]

ABACULUS
A*bac"u*lus, n.; pl. Abaculi. Etym: [L., dim. of abacus.] (Arch.)

Defn: A small tile of glass, marble, or other substance, of various
colors, used in making ornamental patterns in mosaic pavements.
Fairholt.

ABACUS
Ab"a*cus, n. E. pl. Abacuses ; L. pl. Abaci. Etym: [L. abacus, abax,
Gr.

1. A table or tray strewn with sand, anciently used for drawing,
calculating, etc. [Obs.]

2. A calculating table or frame; an instrument for performing
arithmetical calculations by balls sliding on wires, or counters in
grooves, the lowest line representing units, the second line, tens,
etc. It is still employed in China.

3. (Arch.)
(a) The uppermost member or division of the capital of a column,
immediately under the architrave. See Column.
(b) A tablet, panel, or compartment in ornamented or mosaic work.

4. A board, tray, or table, divided into perforated compartments, for
holding cups, bottles, or the like; a kind of cupboard, buffet, or
sideboard. Abacus harmonicus (Mus.), an ancient diagram showing the
structure and disposition of the keys of an instrument. Crabb.

ABADA
Ab"a*da, n. Etym: [Pg., the female rhinoceros.]

Defn: The rhinoceros. [Obs.] Purchas.

ABADDON
A*bad"don, n. Etym: [Heb. abaddon destruction, abyss, fr. abad to be
lost, to perish.]

1. The destroyer, or angel of the bottomless pit; -- the same as
Apollyon and Asmodeus.

2. Hell; the bottomless pit. [Poetic]
In all her gates, Abaddon rues Thy bold attempt. Milton.

ABAFT
A*baft", prep. Etym: [Pref. a-on + OE. baft, baften, biaften, AS.
beæftan; be by + æftan behind. See After, Aft, By.] (Naut.)

Defn: Behind; toward the stern from; as, abaft the wheelhouse. Abaft
the beam. See under Beam.

ABAFT
A*baft", adv. (Naut.)

Defn: Toward the stern; aft; as, to go abaft.

ABAISANCE
A*bai"sance, n. Etym: [For obeisance; confused with F. abaisser, E.
abase]

Defn: Obeisance. [Obs.] Jonson.

ABAISER
A*bai"ser, n.

Defn: Ivory black or animal charcoal. Weale.

ABAIST
A*baist", p.p.

Defn: Abashed; confounded; discomfited. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ABALIENATE
Ab*al"ien*ate, v.t. Etym: [L. abalienatus, p.p. of abalienare; ab +
alienus foreign, alien. See Alien.]

1. (Civil Law)

Defn: To transfer the title of from one to another; to alienate.

2. To estrange; to withdraw. [Obs.]

3. To cause alienation of (mind). Sandys.

ABALIENATION
Ab*al`ien*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. abalienatio: cf. F. abalianation.]

Defn: The act of abalienating; alienation; estrangement. [Obs.]

ABALONE
Ab`a*lo"ne, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A univalve mollusk of the genus Haliotis. The shell is lined
with mother-of-pearl, and used for ornamental purposes; the sea-ear.
Several large species are found on the coast of California, clinging
closely to the rocks.

ABAND
A*band", v.t. Etym: [Contracted from abandon.]

1. To abandon. [Obs.]
Enforced the kingdom to aband. Spenser.

2. To banish; to expel. [Obs.] Mir. for Mag.

ABANDON
A*ban"don, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abandoned; p.pr. & vb.n. Abandoning.]
Etym: [OF. abandoner, F.abandonner; a (L. ad)+bandon permission,
authority, LL. bandum, bannum, public proclamation, interdiction,
bannire to proclaim, summon: of Germanic origin; cf. Goth. bandwjan
to show by signs, to designate OHG. banproclamation. The word meant
to proclaim, put under a ban, put under control; hence, as in OE., to
compel, subject, or to leave in the control of another, and hence, to
give up. See Ban.]

1. To cast or drive out; to banish; to expel; to reject. [Obs.]
That he might . . . abandon them from him. Udall.
Being all this time abandoned from your bed. Shak.

2. To give up absolutely; to forsake entirely ; to renounce utterly;
to relinquish all connection with or concern on; to desert, as a
person to whom one owes allegiance or fidelity; to quit; to
surrender.
Hope was overthrown, yet could not be abandoned. I. Taylor.

3. Reflexively : To give (one's self) up without attempt at self-
control ; to yield (one's self) unrestrainedly ; -- often in a bad
sense.
He abandoned himself . . . to his favorite vice. Macaulay.

4. (Mar. Law)

Defn: To relinquish all claim to; -- used when an insured person
gives up to underwriters all claim to the property covered by a
policy, which may remain after loss or damage by a peril insured
against.

Syn.
 -- To give up; yield; forego; cede; surrender; resign; abdicate;
quit; relinquish; renounce; desert; forsake; leave; retire; withdraw
from.
 -- To Abandon, Desert, Forsake. These words agree in representing a
person as giving up or leaving some object, but differ as to the mode
of doing it. The distinctive sense of abandon is that of giving up a
thing absolutely and finally; as, to abandon one's friends, places,
opinions, good or evil habits, a hopeless enterprise, a shipwrecked
vessel. Abandon is more widely applicable than forsake or desert. The
Latin original of desert appears to have been originally applied to
the case of deserters from military service. Hence, the verb, when
used of persons in the active voice, has usually or always a bad
sense, implying some breach of fidelity, honor, etc., the leaving of
something which the person should rightfully stand by and support;
as, to desert one's colors, to desert one's post, to desert one's
principles or duty. When used in the passive, the sense is not
necessarily bad; as, the fields were deserted, a deserted village,
deserted halls. Forsake implies the breaking off of previous habit,
association, personal connection, or that the thing left had been
familiar or frequented; as, to forsake old friends, to forsake the
paths of rectitude, the blood forsook his cheeks. It may be used
either in a good or in a bad sense.

ABANDON
A*ban"don, n. Etym: [F. abandon. fr. abandonner. See Abandon, v.]

Defn: Abandonment; relinquishment. [Obs.]

ABANDON
A`ban`don", n. Etym: [F. See Abandon.]

Defn: A complete giving up to natural impulses; freedom from
artificial constraint; careless freedom or ease.

ABANDONED
A*ban"doned, a.

1. Forsaken, deserted. "Your abandoned streams." Thomson.

2. Self-abandoned, or given up to vice; extremely wicked, or sinning
without restraint; irreclaimably wicked ; as, an abandoned villain.

Syn.
 -- Profligate; dissolute; corrupt; vicious; depraved; reprobate;
wicked; unprincipled; graceless; vile.
 -- Abandoned, Profligate, Reprobate. These adjectives agree in
expressing the idea of great personal depravity. Profligate has
reference to open and shameless immoralities, either in private life
or political conduct; as, a profligate court, a profligate ministry.
Abandoned is stronger, and has reference to the searing of conscience
and hardening of heart produced by a man's giving himself wholly up
to iniquity; as, a man of abandoned character. Reprobate describes
the condition of one who has become insensible to reproof, and who is
morally abandoned and lost beyond hope of recovery.
God gave them over to a reprobate mind. Rom. i. 28.

ABANDONEDLY
A*ban"doned*ly, adv.

Defn: Unrestrainedly.

ABANDONEE
A*ban`don*ee", n. (Law)

Defn: One to whom anything is legally abandoned.

ABANDONER
A*ban"don*er, n.

Defn: One who abandons. Beau. & Fl.

ABANDONMENT
A*ban"don*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. abandonnement.]

1. The act of abandoning, or the state of being abandoned; total
desertion; relinquishment.
The abandonment of the independence of Europe. Burke.

2. (Mar. Law)

Defn: The relinquishment by the insured to the underwriters of what
may remain of the property insured after a loss or damage by a peril
insured against.

3. (Com. Law)

Defn: (a) The relinquishment of a right, claim, or privilege, as to
mill site, etc. (b) The voluntary leaving of a person to whom one is
bound by a special relation, as a wife, husband, or child; desertion.

4. Careless freedom or ease; abandon. [R.] Carlyle.

ABANDUM
A*ban"*dum, n. Etym: [LL. See Abandon.] (Law)

Defn: Anything forfeited or confiscated.

ABANET
Ab"a*net, n.

Defn: See Abnet.

ABANGA
A*ban"ga, n. Etym: [Name given by the negroes in the island of St.
Thomas.]

Defn: A West Indian palm; also the fruit of this palm, the seeds of
which are used as a remedy for diseases of the chest.

ABANNATION; ABANNITION
Ab`an*na"tion, Ab`an*nition, n. Etym: [LL. abannatio; ad + LL.
bannire to banish.] (Old Law)

Defn: Banishment. [Obs.] Bailey.

ABARTICULATION
Ab`ar*tic`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. ab + E. articulation : cf. F.
abarticulation. See Article.] (Anat.)

Defn: Articulation, usually that kind of articulation which admits of
free motion in the joint; diarthrosis. Coxe.

ABASE
A*base", v.t. [imp.&p.p. Abased; p.pr. & vb. n. Abasing.] Etym: [F.
abaisser, LL. abassare, abbassare ; ad + bassare, fr. bassus low. See
Base, a.]

1. To lower or depress; to throw or cast down; as, to abase the eye.
[Archaic] Bacon.
Saying so, he abased his lance. Shelton.

2. To cast down or reduce low or lower, as in rank, office, condition
in life, or estimation of worthiness; to depress; to humble; to
degrade.
Whosoever exalteth himself shall be abased. Luke xiv. ll.

Syn.
 -- To Abase, Debase, Degrade. These words agree in the idea of
bringing down from a higher to a lower state. Abase has reference to
a bringing down in condition or feelings; as to abase one's self
before God. Debase has reference to the bringing down of a thing in
purity, or making it base. It is, therefore, always used in a bad
sense, as, to debase the coin of the kingdom, to debase the mind by
vicious indulgence, to debase one's style by coarse or vulgar
expressions. Degrade has reference to a bringing down from some
higher grade or from some standard. Thus, a priest is degraded from
the clerical office. When used in a moral sense, it denotes a
bringing down in character and just estimation; as, degraded by
intemperance, a degrading employment, etc. "Art is degraded when it
is regarded only as a trade."

ABASED
A*based", a.

1. Lowered; humbled.

2. (Her.) Etym: [F. abaissé.]

Defn: Borne lower than usual, as a fess; also, having the ends of the
wings turned downward towards the point of the shield.

ABASEDLY
A*bas"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Abjectly; downcastly.

ABASEMENT
A*base"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. abaissement.]

Defn: The act of abasing, humbling, or bringing low; the state of
being abased or humbled; humiliation.

ABASER
A*bas"er, n.

Defn: He who, or that which, abases.

ABASH
A*bash", v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abashed; p.pr. & vb. n. Abashing.] Etym:
[OE. abaissen, abaisshen, abashen, OF.esbahir, F. ébahir, to
astonish, fr. L. ex + the interjection bah, expressing astonishment.
In OE. somewhat confused with abase. Cf. Finish.]

Defn: To destroy the self-possession of; to confuse or confound, as
by exciting suddenly a consciousness of guilt, mistake, or
inferiority; to put to shame; to disconcert; to discomfit.
Abashed, the devil stood, And felt how awful goodness is. Milton.
He was a man whom no check could abash. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- To confuse; confound; disconcert; shame.
 -- To Abash, Confuse, Confound. Abash is a stronger word than
confuse, but not so strong as confound. We are abashed when struck
either with sudden shame or with a humbling sense of inferiority; as,
Peter was abashed in the presence of those who are greatly his
superiors. We are confused when, from some unexpected or startling
occurrence, we lose clearness of thought and self-possession. Thus, a
witness is often confused by a severe cross-examination; a timid
person is apt to be confused in entering a room full of strangers. We
are confounded when our minds are overwhelmed, as it were, by
something wholly unexpected, amazing, dreadful, etc., so that we have
nothing to say. Thus, a criminal is usually confounded at the
discovery of his guilt.
Satan stood Awhile as mute, confounded what to say. Milton.

ABASHEDLY
A*bash"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In an abashed manner.

ABASHMENT
A*bash"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ébahissement.]

Defn: The state of being abashed; confusion from shame.

ABASIA
A*ba"si*a, n. [NL.; Gr. - not +  a step.] (Med.)

Defn: Inability to coördinate muscular actions properly in walking. -
- A*ba"sic (#), a.

ABASSI; ABASSIS
A*bas"si, A*bas"sis, n. Etym: [Ar.& Per. abasi, belonging to Abas (a
king of Persia).]

Defn: A silver coin of Persia, worth about twenty cents.

ABATABLE
A*bat"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being abated; as, an abatable writ or nuisance.

ABATE
A*bate", v.t. [imp.& p.p. Abated, p.pr. & vb.n. Abating.] Etym: [OF.
abatre to beat down, F. abattre, LL. abatere; ab or ad + batere,
battere (popular form for L. batuere to beat). Cf. Bate, Batter.]

1. To beat down; to overthrow. [Obs.]
The King of Scots . . . sore abated the walls. Edw. Hall.

2. To bring down or reduce from a higher to a lower state, number, or
degree; to lessen; to diminish; to contract; to moderate; toto cut
short; as, to abate a demand; to abate pride, zeal, hope.
His eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated. Deut. xxxiv. 7.

3. To deduct; to omit; as, to abate something from a price.
Nine thousand parishes, abating the odd hundreds. Fuller.

4. To blunt. [Obs.]
To abate the edge of envy. Bacon.

5. To reduce in estimation; to deprive. [Obs.]
She hath abated me of half my train. Shak.

6. (Law)

Defn: (a) To bring entirely down or put an end to; to do away with;
as, to abate a nuisance, to abate a writ. (b) (Eng. Law) To diminish;
to reduce. Legacies are liable to be abated entirely or in
proportion, upon a deficiency of assets. To abate a tax, to remit it
either wholly or in part.

ABATE
A*bate", v.i. Etym: [See Abate, v.t.]

1. To decrease, or become less in strength or violence; as, pain
abates, a storm abates.
The fury of Glengarry . . . rapidly abated. Macaulay.

2. To be defeated, or come to naught; to fall through; to fail; as, a
writ abates. To abate into a freehold, To abate in lands (Law), to
enter into a freehold after the death of the last possessor, and
before the heir takes possession. See Abatement, 4.

Syn.
 -- To subside; decrease; intermit; decline; diminish; lessen.
 -- To Abate, Subside. These words, as here compared, imply a coming
down from some previously raised or exited state. Abate expresses
this in respect to degrees, and implies a diminution of force or of
intensity; as, the storm abates, the cold abates, the force of the
wind abates; or, the wind abates, a fever abates. Subside (to settle
down) has reference to a previous state of agitation or commotion;
as, the waves subside after a storm, the wind subsides into a calm.
When the words are used figuratively, the same distinction should be
observed. If we conceive of a thing as having different degrees of
intensity or strength, the word to be used is abate. Thus we say, a
man's anger abates, the ardor of one's love abates, "Winter rage
abates". But if the image be that of a sinking down into quiet from
preceding excitement or commotion, the word to be used is subside;
as, the tumult of the people subsides, the public mind subsided into
a calm. The same is the case with those emotions which are tumultuous
in their nature; as, his passion subsides, his joy quickly subsided,
his grief subsided into a pleasing melancholy. Yet if, in such cases,
we were thinking of the degree of violence of the emotion, we might
use abate; as, his joy will abate in the progress of time; and so in
other instances.

ABATE
A*bate, n.

Defn: Abatement. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ABATEMENT
A*bate"ment, n. Etym: [OF. abatement, F. abattement.]

1. The act of abating, or the state of being abated; a lessening,
diminution, or reduction; removal or putting an end to; as, the
abatement of a nuisance is the suppression thereof.

2. The amount abated; that which is taken away by way of reduction;
deduction; decrease; a rebate or discount allowed.

3. (Her.)

Defn: A mark of dishonor on an escutcheon.

4. (Law)

Defn: The entry of a stranger, without right, into a freehold after
the death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee.
Blackstone. Defense in abatement, Plea in abatement, (Law), plea to
the effect that from some formal defect (e.g. misnomer, want of
jurisdiction) the proceedings should be abated.

ABATER
A*bat"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, abates.

ABATIS; ABATTIS
Ab"a*tis, Aba"t*tis, n. Etym: [F. abatis, abattis, mass of things
beaten or cut down, fr. abattre. See Abate.] (Fort.)

Defn: A means of defense formed by felled trees, the ends of whose
branches are sharpened and directed outwards, or against the enemy.

ABATISED
Ab"a*tised, a.

Defn: Provided with an abatis.

ABATOR
A*ba"tor, n. (Law)

Defn: (a) One who abates a nuisance. (b) A person who, without right,
enters into a freehold on the death of the last possessor, before the
heir or devisee. Blackstone.

ABATTOIR
A`bat`toir", n.; pl. Abattoirs. Etym: [F., fr. abattre to beat down.
See Abate.]

Defn: A public slaughterhouse for cattle, sheep, etc.

ABATURE
Ab"a*ture, n. Etym: [F. abatture, fr. abattre. See Abate.]

Defn: Grass and sprigs beaten or trampled down by a stag passing
through them. Crabb.

ABATVOIX
A`bat`voix", n. Etym: [F. abattre to beat down + voix voice.]

Defn: The sounding-board over a pulpit or rostrum.

ABAWED
Ab*awed", p.p. Etym: [Perh. p.p. of a verb fr. OF. abaubir to
frighten, disconcert, fr. L. ad + balbus stammering.]

Defn: Astonished; abashed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ABAXIAL; ABAXILE
Ab*ax"i*al, Ab*ax"ile, a. Etym: [L. ab + axis axle.] (Bot.)

Defn: Away from the axis or central line; eccentric. Balfour.

ABAY
A*bay", n. Etym: [OF. abay barking.]

Defn: Barking; baying of dogs upon their prey. See Bay. [Obs.]

ABB
Abb, n. Etym: [AS. aweb, ab; pref. a- + web. See Web.]

Defn: Among weaves, yarn for the warp. Hence, abb wool is wool for
the abb.

ABBA
Ab"ba, n. Etym: [Syriac abba father. See Abbot.]

Defn: Father; religious superior; -- in the Syriac, Coptic, and
Ethiopic churches, a title given to the bishops, and by the bishops
to the patriarch.

ABBACY
Ab"ba*cy, n.; pl. Abbacies. Etym: [L. abbatia, fr. abbas, abbatis,
abbot. See Abbey.]

Defn: The dignity, estate, or jurisdiction of an abbot.

ABBATIAL
Ab*ba"tial, a. Etym: [LL. abbatialis : cf. F. abbatial.]

Defn: Belonging to an abbey; as, abbatial rights.

ABBATICAL
Ab*bat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Abbatial. [Obs.]

ABBE
Ab"bé`, n.Etym: [F. abbé. See Abbot.]

Defn: The French word answering to the English abbot, the head of an
abbey; but commonly a title of respect given in France to every one
vested with the ecclesiastical habit or dress.

Note: * After the 16th century, the name was given, in social
parlance, to candidates for some priory or abbey in the gift of the
crown. Many of these aspirants became well known in literary and
fashionable life. By further extension, the name came to be applied
to unbeneficed secular ecclesiastics generally. Littré.

ABBESS
Ab"bess, n. Etym: [OF.abaesse, abeesse, F. abbesse, L. abbatissa,
fem. of abbas, abbatis, abbot. See Abbot.]

Defn: A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of
nuns, having the same authority over the nuns which the abbots have
over the monks. See Abbey.

ABBEY
Ab"bey, n.; pl. Abbeys. Etym: [OF. abaïe, F. abbaye, L. abbatia, fr.
abbas abbot. See Abbot.]

1. A monastery or society of persons of either sex, secluded from the
world and devoted to religion and celibacy; also, the monastic
building or buildings.

Note: The men are called monks, and governed by an abbot; the women
are called nuns, and governed by an abbess.

2. The church of a monastery.

Note: In London, the Abbey means Westminster Abbey, and in Scotland,
the precincts of the Abbey of Holyrood. The name is also retained for
a private residence on the site of an abbey; as, Newstead Abbey, the
residence of Lord Byron.

Syn.
 -- Monastery; convent; nunnery; priory; cloister. See Cloister.

ABBOT
Ab"bot, n. Etym: [AS. abbod, abbad, L. abbas, abbatis, Gr. abba
father. Cf. Abba, AbbÉ.]

1. The superior or head of an abbey.

2. One of a class of bishops whose sees were formerly abbeys. Encyc.
Brit. Abbot of the people. a title formerly given to one of the chief
magistrates in Genoa.
 -- Abbot of Misrule (or Lord of Misrule), in mediæval times, the
master of revels, as at Christmas; in Scotland called the Abbot of
Unreason. Encyc. Brit.

ABBOTSHIP
Ab"bot*ship, n. Etym: [Abbot + -ship.]

Defn: The state or office of an abbot.

ABBREVIATE
Ab*bre"vi*ate, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abbreviated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Abbreviating.] Etym: [L. abbreviatus, p.p. of abbreviare; ad +
breviare to shorten, fr. brevis short. See Abridge.]

1. To make briefer; to shorten; to abridge; to reduce by contraction
or omission, especially of words written or spoken.
It is one thing to abbreviate by contracting, another by cutting off.
Bacon.

2. (Math.)

Defn: To reduce to lower terms, as a fraction.

ABBREVIATE
Ab*bre"vi*ate, a. Etym: [L. abbreviatus, p.p.]

1. Abbreviated; abridged; shortened. [R.] "The abbreviate form."
Earle.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Having one part relatively shorter than another or than the
ordinary type.

ABBREVIATE
Ab*bre"vi*ate, n.

Defn: An abridgment. [Obs.] Elyot.

ABBREVIATED
Ab*bre"vi*a`ted, a.

Defn: Shortened; relatively short; abbreviate.

ABBREVIATION
Ab*bre`vi*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. abbreviatio: cf. F. abbréviation.]

1. The act of shortening, or reducing.

2. The result of abbreviating; an abridgment. Tylor.

3. The form to which a word or phrase is reduced by contraction and
omission; a letter or letters, standing for a word or phrase of which
they are a part; as, Gen. for Genesis; U.S.A. for United States of
America.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: One dash, or more, through the stem of a note, dividing it
respectively into quavers, semiquavers, or demi-semiquavers. Moore.

ABBREVIATOR
Ab*bre"vi*a`tor, n. Etym: [LL.: cf. F. abbréviateur.]

1. One who abbreviates or shortens.

2. One of a college of seventy-two officers of the papal court whose
duty is to make a short minute of a decision on a petition, or reply
of the pope to a letter, and afterwards expand the minute into
official form.

ABBREVIATORY
Ab*bre"vi*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving or tending to abbreviate; shortening; abridging.

ABBREVIATURE
Ab*bre"vi*a*ture, n.

1. An abbreviation; an abbreviated state or form. [Obs.]

2. An abridgment; a compendium or abstract.
This is an excellent abbreviature of the whole duty of a Christian.
Jer. Taylor.

ABB WOOL
Abb" wool.

Defn: See Abb.

A B C
A B C".

1. The first three letters of the alphabet, used for the whole
alphabet.

2. A primer for teaching the alphabet and first elements of reading.
[Obs.]

3. The simplest rudiments of any subject; as, the A B C of finance. A
B C book, a primer. Shak.

ABDAL
Ab"dal, n. Etym: [Ar. badil, pl. abdal, a substitute, a good,
religious man, saint, fr. badala to change, substitute.]

Defn: A religious devotee or dervish in Persia.

ABDERIAN
Ab*de"ri*an, a. Etym: [From Abdera, a town in Thrace, of which place
Democritus, the Laughing Philosopher, was a native.]

Defn: Given to laughter; inclined to foolish or incessant merriment.

ABDERITE
Ab*de"rite, n. Etym: [L. Abderita, Abderites, fr. Gr. '

Defn: An inhabitant of Abdera, in Thrace. The Abderite, Democritus,
the Laughing Philosopher.

ABDEST
Ab"dest, n. Etym: [Per. abdast; ab water + dast hand.]

Defn: Purification by washing the hands before prayer; -- a
Mohammedan rite. Heyse.

ABDICABLE
Ab"di*ca*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being abdicated.

ABDICANT
Ab"di*cant, a. Etym: [L. abdicans, p.pr. of abdicare.]

Defn: Abdicating; renouncing; -- followed by of.
Monks abdicant of their orders. Whitlock.

ABDICANT
Ab"di*cant, n.

Defn: One who abdicates. Smart.

ABDICATE
Ab"di*cate, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abdicated; p.pr. & vb.n. Abdicating.]
Etym: [L. abdicatus, p.p. of abdicare; ab + dicare to proclaim, akin
to dicere to say. See Diction.]

1. To surrender or relinquish, as sovereign power; to withdraw
definitely from filling or exercising, as a high office, station,
dignity; as, to abdicate the throne, the crown, the papacy.

Note: The word abdicate was held to mean, in the case of James II.,
to abandon without a formal surrender.
The cross-bearers abdicated their service. Gibbon.

2. To renounce; to relinquish; -- said of authority, a trust, duty,
right, etc.
He abdicates all right to be his own governor. Burke.
The understanding abdicates its functions. Froude.

3. To reject; to cast off. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

4. (Civil Law)

Defn: To disclaim and expel from the family, as a father his child;
to disown; to disinherit.

Syn.
 -- To give up; quit; vacate; relinquish; forsake; abandon; resign;
renounce; desert.
 -- To Abdicate, Resign. Abdicate commonly expresses the act of a
monarch in voluntary and formally yielding up sovereign authority;
as, to abdicate the government. Resign is applied to the act of any
person, high or low, who gives back an office or trust into the hands
of him who conferred it. Thus, a minister resigns, a military officer
resigns, a clerk resigns. The expression, "The king resigned his
crown," sometimes occurs in our later literature, implying that he
held it from his people.
 -- There are other senses of resign which are not here brought into
view.

ABDICATE
Ab"di*cate, v.i.

Defn: To relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or
dignity.
Though a king may abdicate for his own person, he cannot abdicate for
the monarchy. Burke.

ABDICATION
Ab`di*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. abdicatio: cf. F. abdication.]

Defn: The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office,
dignity, or trust, by its holder; commonly the voluntary renunciation
of sovereign power; as, abdication of the throne, government, power,
authority.

ABDICATIVE
Ab"di*ca*tive, a. Etym: [L. abdicativus.]

Defn: Causing, or implying, abdication. [R.] Bailey.

ABDICATOR
Ab"di*ca`tor, n.

Defn: One who abdicates.

ABDITIVE
Ab"di*tive, a. Etym: [L. abditivus, fr. abdere to hide.]

Defn: Having the quality of hiding. [R.] Bailey.

ABDITORY
Ab"di*to*ry, n. Etym: [L. abditorium.]

Defn: A place for hiding or preserving articles of value. Cowell.

ABDOMEN
Ab*do"men, n. Etym: [L. abdomen (a word of uncertain etymol.): cf. F.
abdomen.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The belly, or that part of the body between the thorax and the
pelvis. Also, the cavity of the belly, which is lined by the
peritoneum, and contains the stomach, bowels, and other viscera. In
man, often restricted to the part between the diaphragm and the
commencement of the pelvis, the remainder being called the pelvic
cavity.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The posterior section of the body, behind the thorax, in
insects, crustaceans, and other Arthropoda.

ABDOMINAL
Ab*dom"i*nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. abdominal.]

1. Of or pertaining to the abdomen; ventral; as, the abdominal
regions, muscles, cavity.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having abdominal fins; belonging to the Abdominales; as,
abdominal fishes. Abdominal ring (Anat.), a fancied ringlike opening
on each side of the abdomen, external and superior to the pubes; --
called also inguinal ring.

ABDOMINAL
Ab*dom"i*nal, n.; E. pl. Abdominals, L. pl. Abdominales.

Defn: A fish of the group Abdominales.

ABDOMINALES
Ab*dom`i*na"les, n. pl. Etym: [NL., masc. pl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group including the greater part of fresh-water fishes, and
many marine ones, having the ventral fins under the abdomen behind
the pectorals.

ABDOMINALIA
Ab*dom`i*na"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., neut. pl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of cirripeds having abdominal appendages.

ABDOMINOSCOPY
Ab*dom`i*nos"co*py, n. Etym: [L. abdomen + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Examination of the abdomen to detect abdominal disease.

ABDOMINOTHORACIC
Ab*dom`i*no*tho*rac"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to the abdomen and the thorax, or chest.

ABDOMINOUS
Ab*dom"i*nous, a.

Defn: Having a protuberant belly; pot-bellied.
Gorgonius sits, abdominous and wan, Like a fat squab upon a Chinese
fan. Cowper.

ABDUCE
Ab*duce", v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abduced; p.pr. & vb.n. Abducing.] Etym:
[L. abducere to lead away; ab + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf.
Abduct.]

Defn: To draw or conduct away; to withdraw; to draw to a different
part. [Obs.]
If we abduce the eye unto either corner, the object will not
duplicate. Sir T. Browne.

ABDUCT
Ab*duct", v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abducted; p.pr. & vb.n. Abducting.] Etym:
[L. abductus, p.p. of abducere. See Abduce.]

1. To take away surreptitiously by force; to carry away (a human
being) wrongfully and usually by violence; to kidnap.

2. To draw away, as a limb or other part, from its ordinary position.

ABDUCTION
Ab*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. abductio: cf. F. abduction.]

1. The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing apart; a carrying
away. Roget.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The movement which separates a limb or other part from the
axis, or middle line, of the body.

3. (Law)

Defn: The wrongful, and usually the forcible, carrying off of a human
being; as, the abduction of a child, the abduction of an heiress.

4. (Logic)

Defn: A syllogism or form of argument in which the major is evident,
but the minor is only probable.

ABDUCTOR
Ab*duc"tor, n. Etym: [NL.]

1. One who abducts.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which serves to draw a part out, or form the median
line of the body; as, the abductor oculi, which draws the eye
outward.

ABEAM
A*beam", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + beam.] (Naut.)

Defn: On the beam, that is, on a line which forms a right angle with
the ship's keel; opposite to the center of the ship's side.

ABEAR
A*bear", v.t. Etym: [AS. aberan; pref. a- + beran to bear.]

1. To bear; to behave. [Obs.]
So did the faery knight himself abear. Spenser.

2. To put up with; to endure. [Prov.] Dickens.

ABEARANCE
A*bear"ance, n.

Defn: Behavior. [Obs.] Blackstone.

ABEARING
A*bear"ing, n.

Defn: Behavior. [Obs.] Sir. T. More.

ABECEDARIAN
A`be*ce*da"ri*an, n. Etym: [L. abecedarius. A word from the first
four letters of the alphabet.]

1. One who is learning the alphabet; hence, a tyro.

2. One engaged in teaching the alphabet. Wood.

ABECEDARIAN; ABECEDARY
A`be*ce*da"ri*an, A`be*ce"da*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or formed by, the letters of the alphabet;
alphabetic; hence, rudimentary. Abecedarian psalms, hymns, etc.,
compositions in which (like the 119th psalm in Hebrew) distinct
portions or verses commence with successive letters of the alphabet.
Hook.

ABECEDARY
A`be*ce"da*ry, n.

Defn: A primer; the first principle or rudiment of anything. [R.]
Fuller.

ABED
A*bed", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- in, on + bed.]

1. In bed, or on the bed.
Not to be abed after midnight. Shak.

2. To childbed (in the phrase "brought abed," that is, delivered of a
child). Shak.

ABEGGE
A*beg"ge.

Defn: Same as Aby. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ABELE
A*bele", n. Etym: [D. abeel (abeel-boom), OF. abel, aubel, fr. a dim.
of L. albus white.]

Defn: The white polar (Populus alba).
Six abeles i' the churchyard grow. Mrs. Browning.

ABELIAN; ABELITE; ABELONIAN
A*bel"i*an, A"bel*ite, A`bel*o"ni*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect in Africa (4th century), mentioned by St.
Augustine, who states that they married, but lived in continence,
after the manner, as they pretended, of Abel.

ABELMOSK
A"bel*mosk`, n. Etym: [NL. abelmoschus, fr. Ar. abu-l-misk father of
musk, i.e., producing musk. See Musk.] (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen shrub (Hibiscus -- formerly Abelmoschus-
moschatus), of the East and West Indies and Northern Africa, whose
musky seeds are used in perfumery and to flavor coffee; -- sometimes
called musk mallow.

ABER-DE-VINE
Ab`er-de-vine", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European siskin (Carduelis spinus), a small green and
yellow finch, related to the goldfinch.

ABERR
Ab*err", v.i. Etym: [L. aberrare. See Aberrate.]

Defn: To wander; to stray. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ABERRANCE; ABERRANCY
Ab*er"rance, Ab*er"ran*cy, n.

Defn: State of being aberrant; a wandering from the right way;
deviation from truth, rectitude, etc. Aberrancy of curvature (Geom.),
the deviation of a curve from a circular form.

ABERRANT
Ab*er"rant, a. Etym: [L. aberrans, -rantis, p.pr. of aberrare.]

Defn: See Aberr.]

1. Wandering; straying from the right way.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Deviating from the ordinary or natural type; exceptional;
abnormal.
The more aberrant any form is, the greater must have been the number
of connecting forms which, on my theory, have been exterminated.
Darwin.

ABERRATE
Ab"er*rate, v.i. Etym: [L. aberratus, p.pr. of aberrare; ab + errare
to wander. See Err.]

Defn: To go astray; to diverge. [R.]
Their own defective and aberrating vision. De Quincey.

ABERRATION
Ab`er*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. aberratio: cf. F. aberration. See
Aberrate.]

1. The act of wandering; deviation, especially from truth or moral
rectitude, from the natural state, or from a type. "The aberration of
youth." Hall. "Aberrations from theory." Burke.

2. A partial alienation of reason. "Occasional aberrations of
intellect." Lingard.
Whims, which at first are the aberrations of a single brain, pass
with heat into epidemic form. I. Taylor.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: A small periodical change of position in the stars and other
heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light
and the motion of the observer; called annual aberration, when the
observer's motion is that of the earth in its orbit, and dairy or
diurnal aberration, when of the earth on its axis; amounting when
greatest, in the former case, to 20.4'', and in the latter, to 0.3''.
Planetary aberration is that due to the motion of light and the
motion of the planet relative to the earth.

4. (Opt.)

Defn: The convergence to different foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays
of light emanating from one and the same point, or the deviation of
such rays from a single focus; called spherical aberration, when due
to the spherical form of the lens or mirror, such form giving
different foci for central and marginal rays; and chromatic
aberration, when due to different refrangibilities of the colored
rays of the spectrum, those of each color having a distinct focus.

5. (Physiol.)

Defn: The passage of blood or other fluid into parts not appropriate
for it.

6. (Law)

Defn: The producing of an unintended effect by the glancing of an
instrument, as when a shot intended for A glances and strikes B.

Syn.
 -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; alienation; mania;
dementia; hallucination; illusion; delusion. See Insanity.

ABERRATIONAL
Ab`er*ra"tion*al, a.

Defn: Characterized by aberration.

ABERUNCATE
Ab`e*run"cate, v.t. Etym: [L. aberuncare, for aberruncare. See
Averruncate.]

Defn: To weed out. [Obs.] Bailey.

ABERUNCATOR
Ab`e*run"ca*tor, n.

Defn: A weeding machine.

ABET
A*bet", v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abetted; p.pr. & vb.n. Abetting.] Etym:
[OF. abeter; a (L. ad) + beter to bait (as a bear), fr. Icel. beita
to set dogs on, to feed, originally, to cause to bite, fr. Icel. bita
to bite, hence to bait, to incite. See Bait, Bet.]

1. To instigate or encourage by aid or countenance; -- used in a bad
sense of persons and acts; as, to abet an ill-doer; to abet one in
his wicked courses; to abet vice; to abet an insurrection. "The whole
tribe abets the villany." South.
Would not the fool abet the stealth, Who rashly thus exposed his
wealth Gay.

2. To support, uphold, or aid; to maintain; -- in a good sense.
[Obs.].
Our duty is urged, and our confidence abetted. Jer. Taylor.

3. (Law)

Defn: To contribute, as an assistant or instigator, to the commission
of an offense.

Syn.
 -- To incite; instigate; set on; egg on; foment; advocate;
countenance; encourage; second; uphold; aid; assist; support;
sustain; back; connive at.

ABET
A*bet", n. Etym: [OF. abet, fr. abeter.]

Defn: Act of abetting; aid. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ABETMENT
A*bet"ment, n.

Defn: The act of abetting; as, an abetment of treason, crime, etc.

ABETTAL
A*bet"tal, n.

Defn: Abetment. [R.]

ABETTER; ABETTOR
A*bet"ter, A*bet*tor, n.

Defn: One who abets; an instigator of an offense or an offender.

Note: The form abettor is the legal term and also in general use.

Syn.
 -- Abettor, Accessory, Accomplice. These words denote different
degrees of complicity in some deed or crime. An abettor is one who
incites or encourages to the act, without sharing in its performance.
An accessory supposes a principal offender. One who is neither the
chief actor in an offense, nor present at its performance, but
accedes to or becomes involved in its guilt, either by some previous
or subsequent act, as of instigating, encouraging, aiding, or
concealing, etc., is an accessory. An accomplice is one who
participates in the commission of an offense, whether as principal or
accessory. Thus in treason, there are no abettors or accessories, but
all are held to be principals or accomplices.

ABEVACUATION
Ab`e*vac"u*a"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. ab- + evacuation.] (Med.)

Defn: A partial evacuation. Mayne.

ABEYANCE
A*bey"ance, n. Etym: [OF. abeance expectation, longing; a (L. ad) +
baer, beer, to gape, to look with open mouth, to expect, F. bayer,
LL. badare to gape.]

1. (Law)

Defn: Expectancy; condition of being undetermined.

Note: When there is no person in existence in whom an inheritance (or
a dignity) can vest, it is said to be in abeyance, that is, in
expectation; the law considering it as always potentially existing,
and ready to vest whenever a proper owner appears. Blackstone.

2. Suspension; temporary suppression.
Keeping the sympathies of love and admiration in a dormant state, or
state of abeyance. De Quincey.

ABEYANCY
A*bey"an*cy, n.

Defn: Abeyance. [R.] Hawthorne.

ABEYANT
A*bey"ant, a.

Defn: Being in a state of abeyance.

ABGEORDNETENHAUS
Ab"ge*ord`ne*ten*haus`, n.  [G.]

Defn: See Legislature, Austria, Prussia.

ABHAL
Ab"hal, n.

Defn: The berries of a species of cypress in the East Indies.

ABHOMINABLE
Ab*hom"i*na*ble, a.

Defn: Abominable.

Note: [A false orthography anciently used; h was foisted into various
words; hence abholish, for abolish, etc.]
This is abhominable, which he [Don Armado] would call abominable.
Shak. Love's Labor's Lost, v. 1.

ABHOMINAL
Ab*hom`i*nal, a. Etym: [L. ab away from + homo, hominis, man.]

Defn: Inhuman. [Obs.] Fuller.

ABHOR
Ab*hor", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abhorred; p. pr. & vb. n. Abhorring.]
Etym: [L. abhorrere; ab + horrere to bristle, shiver, shudder: cf. F.
abhorrer. See Horrid.]

1. To shrink back with shuddering from; to regard with horror or
detestation; to feel excessive repugnance toward; to detest to
extremity; to loathe.
Abhor that which is evil; cleave to that which is good. Rom. xii. 9.

2. To fill with horror or disgust. [Obs.]
It doth abhor me now I speak the word. Shak.

3. (Canon Law)

Defn: To protest against; to reject solemnly. [Obs.]
I utterly abhor, yea, from my soul Refuse you for my judge. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To hate; detest; loathe; abominate. See Hate.

ABHOR
Ab*hor", v. i.

Defn: To shrink back with horror, disgust, or dislike; to be contrary
or averse; -- with from. [Obs.] "To abhor from those vices." Udall.
Which is utterly abhorring from the end of all law. Milton.

ABHORRENCE
Ab*hor"rence, n.

Defn: Extreme hatred or detestation; the feeling of utter dislike.

ABHORRENCY
Ab*hor"ren*cy, n.

Defn: Abhorrence. [Obs.] Locke.

ABHORRENT
Ab*hor"rent, a. Etym: [L. abhorens, -rentis, p. pr. of abhorrere.]

1. Abhorring; detesting; having or showing abhorrence; loathing;
hence, strongly opposed to; as, abhorrent thoughts.
The persons most abhorrent from blood and treason. Burke.
The arts of pleasure in despotic courts I spurn abhorrent. Clover.

2. Contrary or repugnant; discordant; inconsistent; -- followed by
to. "Injudicious profanation, so abhorrent to our stricter
principles." Gibbon.

3. Detestable. "Pride, abhorrent as it is." I. Taylor.

ABHORRENTLY
Ab*hor"rent*ly, adv.

Defn: With abhorrence.

ABHORRER
Ab*hor"rer, n.

Defn: One who abhors. Hume.

ABHORRIBLE
Ab*hor"ri*ble, a.

Defn: Detestable. [R.]

ABHORRING
Ab*hor"ring, n.

1. Detestation. Milton.

2. Object of abhorrence. Isa. lxvi. 24.

ABIB
A"bib, n. Etym: [Heb. abib, lit. an ear of corn. The month was so
called from barley being at that time in ear.]

Defn: The first month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year,
corresponding nearly to our April. After the Babylonish captivity
this month was called Nisan. Kitto.

ABIDANCE
A*bid"ance, n.

Defn: The state of abiding; abode; continuance; compliance (with).
The Christians had no longer abidance in the holy hill of Palestine.
Fuller.
A judicious abidance by rules. Helps.

ABIDE
A*bide", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Abode, formerly Abid(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Abiding.] Etym: [AS. abidan; pref. a- (cf. Goth. us-, G. er-, orig.
meaning out) + bidan to bide. See Bide.]

1. To wait; to pause; to delay. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To stay; to continue in a place; to have one's abode; to dwell; to
sojourn; -- with with before a person, and commonly with at or in
before a place.
Let the damsel abide with us a few days. Gen. xxiv. 55.

3. To remain stable or fixed in some state or condition; to continue;
to remain.
Let every man abide in the same calling. 1 Cor. vii. 20.
Followed by by: To abide by. (a) To stand to; to adhere; to maintain.
The poor fellow was obstinate enough to abide by what he said at
first. Fielding.
(b) To acquiesce; to conform to; as, to abide by a decision or an
award.

ABIDE
A*bide", v. t.

1. To wait for; to be prepared for; to await; to watch for; as, I
abide my time. "I will abide the coming of my lord." Tennyson.

Note: [[Obs.], with a personal object.
Bonds and afflictions abide me. Acts xx. 23.

2. To endure; to sustain; to submit to.
[Thou] shalt abide her judgment on it. Tennyson.

3. To bear patiently; to tolerate; to put up with.
She could not abide Master Shallow. Shak.

4.

Note: [Confused with aby to pay for. See Aby.]

Defn: To stand the consequences of; to answer for; to suffer for.
Dearly I abide that boast so vain. Milton.

ABIDER
A*bid"er, n.

1. One who abides, or continues. [Obs.] "Speedy goers and strong
abiders." Sidney.

2. One who dwells; a resident. Speed.

ABIDING
A*bid"ing, a.

Defn: Continuing; lasting.

ABIDINGLY
A*bid"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Permanently. Carlyle.

ABIES
A"bi*es, n. Etym: [L., fir tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of coniferous trees, properly called Fir, as the balsam
fir and the silver fir. The spruces are sometimes also referred to
this genus.

ABIETENE
Ab"i*e*tene, n. Etym: [L. abies, abietis, a fir tree.]

Defn: A volatile oil distilled from the resin or balsam of the nut
pine (Pinus sabiniana) of California.

ABIETIC
Ab`i*et"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the fir tree or its products; as, abietic
acid, called also sylvic acid. Watts.

ABIETIN; ABIETINE
Ab"i*e*tin, Ab"i*e*tine, n. Etym: [See Abietene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A resinous obtained from Strasburg turpentine or Canada balsam.
It is without taste or smell, is insoluble in water, but soluble in
alcohol (especially at the boiling point), in strong acetic acid, and
in ether. Watts.

ABIETINIC
Ab`i*e*tin"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to abietin; as, abietinic acid.

ABIETITE
Ab"i*e*tite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance resembling mannite, found in the needles of the
common silver fir of Europe (Abies pectinata). Eng. Cyc.

ABIGAIL
Ab"i*gail, n. Etym: [The proper name used as an appellative.]

Defn: A lady's waiting-maid. Pepys.
Her abigail reported that Mrs. Gutheridge had a set of night curls
for sleeping in. Leslie.

ABILIMENT
A*bil"i*ment, n.

Defn: Habiliment. [Obs.]

ABILITY
A*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Abilities(#). Etym: [F. habileté, earlier
spelling habilité (with silent h), L. habilitas aptitude, ability,
fr. habilis apt. See Able.]

Defn: The quality or state of being able; power to perform, whether
physical, moral, intellectual, conventional, or legal; capacity;
skill or competence in doing; sufficiency of strength, skill,
resources, etc.; -- in the plural, faculty, talent.
Then the disciples, every man according to his ability, determined to
send relief unto the brethren. Acts xi. 29.
Natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by
study. Bacon.
The public men of England, with much of a peculiar kind of ability.
Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Capacity; talent; cleverness; faculty; capability; efficiency;
aptitude; aptness; address; dexterity; skill. Ability, Capacity.
These words come into comparison when applied to the higher
intellectual powers. Ability has reference to the active exercise of
our faculties. It implies not only native vigor of mind, but that
ease and promptitude of execution which arise from mental training.
Thus, we speak of the ability with which a book is written, an
argument maintained, a negotiation carried on, etc. It always
something to be done, and the power of doing it. Capacity has
reference to the receptive powers. In its higher exercises it
supposes great quickness of apprehension and breadth of intellect,
with an uncommon aptitude for acquiring and retaining knowledge.
Hence it carries with it the idea of resources and undeveloped power.
Thus we speak of the extraordinary capacity of such men as Lord
Bacon, Blaise Pascal, and Edmund Burke. "Capacity," says H. Taylor,
"is requisite to devise, and ability to execute, a great enterprise."
The word abilities, in the plural, embraces both these qualities, and
denotes high mental endowments.

ABIME; ABYME
A*bime" or A*byme", n. Etym: [F. abîme. See Abysm.]

Defn: A abyss. [Obs.]

ABIOGENESIS
Ab`i*o*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The supposed origination of living organisms from lifeless
matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living
parents; spontaneous generation; -- called also abiogeny, and opposed
to biogenesis.
I shall call the . . . doctrine that living matter may be produced by
not living matter, the hypothesis of abiogenesis. Huxley, 1870.

ABIOGENETIC
Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to abiogenesis. Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

ABIOGENIST
Ab`i*og"e*nist, n. (Biol.)

Defn: One who believes that life can be produced independently of
antecedent. Huxley.

ABIOGENOUS
Ab`i*og"e*nous, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Produced by spontaneous generation.

ABIOGENY
Ab`i*og"e*ny, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Abiogenesis.

ABIOLOGICAL
Ab`i*o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. biological.]

Defn: Pertaining to the study of inanimate things.

ABIRRITANT
Ab*ir"ri*tant, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine that diminishes irritation.

ABIRRITATE
Ab*ir"ri*tate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. ab- + irritate.] (Med.)

Defn: To diminish the sensibility of; to debilitate.

ABIRRITATION
Ab*ir`ri*ta"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: A pathological condition opposite to that of irritation;
debility; want of strength; asthenia.

ABIRRITATIVE
Ab*ir"ri*ta*tive, a. (Med.)

Defn: Characterized by abirritation or debility.

ABIT
A*bit",

Defn: 3d sing. pres. of Abide. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ABJECT
Ab"ject, a. Etym: [L. abjectus, p. p. of abjicere to throw away; ab +
jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.]

1. Cast down; low-lying. [Obs.]
From the safe shore their floating carcasses And broken chariot
wheels; so thick bestrown Abject and lost lay these, covering the
flood. Milton.

2. Sunk to a law condition; down in spirit or hope; degraded;
servile; groveling; despicable; as, abject posture, fortune,
thoughts. "Base and abject flatterers." Addison. "An abject liar."
Macaulay.
And banish hence these abject, lowly dreams. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Mean; groveling; cringing; mean-spirited; slavish; ignoble;
worthless; vile; beggarly; contemptible; degraded.

ABJECT
Ab*ject", v. t. Etym: [From Abject, a.]

Defn: To cast off or down; hence, to abase; to degrade; to lower; to
debase. [Obs.] Donne.

ABJECT
Ab"ject, n.

Defn: A person in the lowest and most despicable condition; a
castaway. [Obs.]
Shall these abjects, these victims, these outcasts, know any thing of
pleasure I. Taylor.

ABJECTEDNESS
Ab*ject"ed*ness, n.

Defn: A very abject or low condition; abjectness. [R.] Boyle.

ABJECTION
Ab*jec"tion, n. Etym: [F. abjection, L. abjectio.]

1. The act of bringing down or humbling. "The abjection of the king
and his realm." Joe.

2. The state of being rejected or cast out. [R.]
An adjection from the beatific regions where God, and his angels and
saints, dwell forever. Jer. Taylor.

3. A low or downcast state; meanness of spirit; abasement;
degradation.
That this should be termed baseness, abjection of mind, or servility,
is it credible Hooker.

ABJECTLY
Ab"ject*ly, adv.

Defn: Meanly; servilely.

ABJECTNESS
Ab"ject*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being abject; abasement; meanness; servility.
Grew.

ABJUDGE
Ab*judge", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ab- + judge, v. Cf. Abjudicate.]

Defn: To take away by judicial decision. [R.]

ABJUDICATE
Ab*ju"di*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. abjudicatus, p. p. of abjudicare; ab +
judicare. See Judge, and cf. Abjudge.]

Defn: To reject by judicial sentence; also, to abjudge. [Obs.] Ash.

ABJUDICATION
Ab*ju`di*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Rejection by judicial sentence. [R.] Knowles.

ABJUGATE
Ab"ju*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. abjugatus, p. p. of abjugare.]

Defn: To unyoke. [Obs.] Bailey.

ABJUNCTIVE
Ab*junc"tive, a. Etym: [L. abjunctus, p. p. of abjungere; ab +
jungere to join.]

Defn: Exceptional. [R.]
It is this power which leads on from the accidental and abjunctive to
the universal. I. Taylor.

ABJURATION
Ab`ju*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. abjuratio: cf. F. abjuration.]

1. The act of abjuring or forswearing; a renunciation upon oath; as,
abjuration of the realm, a sworn banishment, an oath taken to leave
the country and never to return.

2. A solemn recantation or renunciation; as, an abjuration of heresy.
Oath of abjuration, an oath asserting the right of the present royal
family to the crown of England, and expressly abjuring allegiance to
the descendants of the Pretender. Brande & C.

ABJURATORY
Ab*ju"ra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Containing abjuration.

ABJURE
Ab*jure", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abjured; p. pr. & vb. n. Abjuring.]
Etym: [L. abjurare to deny upon oath; ab + jurare to swear, fr. jus,
juris, right, law; cf. F. abjurer. See Jury.]

1. To renounce upon oath; to forswear; to disavow; as, to abjure
allegiance to a prince. To abjure the realm, is to swear to abandon
it forever.

2. To renounce or reject with solemnity; to recant; to abandon
forever; to reject; repudiate; as, to abjure errors. "Magic I here
abjure." Shak.

Syn.
 -- See Renounce.

ABJURE
Ab*jure", v. i.

Defn: To renounce on oath. Bp. Burnet.

ABJUREMENT
Ab*jure"ment, n.

Defn: Renunciation. [R.]

ABJURER
Ab*jur"er, n.

Defn: One who abjures.

ABLACTATE
Ab*lac"tate, v. t. Etym: [L. ablactatus, p. p. of ablactare; ab +
lactare to suckle, fr. lac milk.]

Defn: To wean. [R.] Bailey.

ABLACTATION
Ab`lac*ta"tion. n.

1. The weaning of a child from the breast, or of young beasts from
their dam. Blount.

2. (Hort.)

Defn: The process of grafting now called inarching, or grafting by
approach.

ABLAQUEATE
Ab*la"que*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. ablaqueatus, p. p. of. ablaqueare; fr.
ab + laqueus a noose.]

Defn: To lay bare, as the roots of a tree. [Obs.] Bailey.

ABLAQUEATION
Ab*la`que*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. ablaqueatio.]

Defn: The act or process of laying bare the roots of trees to expose
them to the air and water. [Obs.] Evelyn.

ABLASTEMIC
Ab`las*tem"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Non-germinal.

ABLATION
Ab*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. ablatio, fr. ablatus p. p. of auferre to
carry away; ab + latus, p. p. of ferre carry: cf. F. ablation. See
Tolerate.]

1. A carrying or taking away; removal. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Extirpation. Dunglison.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: Wearing away; superficial waste. Tyndall.

ABLATITIOUS
Ab`la*ti"tious, a.

Defn: Diminishing; as, an ablatitious force. Sir J. Herschel.

ABLATIVE
Ab"la*tive, a. Etym: [F. ablatif, ablative, L. ablativus fr. ablatus.
See Ablation.]

1. Taking away or removing. [Obs.]
Where the heart is forestalled with misopinion, ablative directions
are found needful to unteach error, ere we can learn truth. Bp. Hall.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Applied to one of the cases of the noun in Latin and some other
languages, -- the fundamental meaning of the case being removal,
separation, or taking away.

ABLATIVE
Ab"la*tive, (Gram.)

Defn: The ablative case. ablative absolute, a construction in Latin,
in which a noun in the ablative case has a participle (either
expressed or implied), agreeing with it in gender, number, and case,
both words forming a clause by themselves and being unconnected,
grammatically, with the rest of the sentence; as, Tarquinio regnante,
Pythagoras venit, i. e., Tarquinius reigning, Pythagoras came.

ABLAUT
Ab"laut, n. Etym: [Ger., off-sound; ab off + laut sound.] (Philol.)

Defn: The substitution of one root vowel for another, thus indicating
a corresponding modification of use or meaning; vowel permutation;
as, get, gat, got; sing, song; hang, hung. Earle.

ABLAZE
A*blaze", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + blaze.]

1. On fire; in a blaze, gleaming. Milman.
All ablaze with crimson and gold. Longfellow.

2. In a state of glowing excitement or ardent desire.
The young Cambridge democrats were all ablaze to assist Torrijos.
Carlyle.

ABLE
A"ble, a. [Comp. Abler; superl. Ablest.] Etym: [OF. habile, L.
habilis that may be easily held or managed, apt, skillful, fr. habere
to have, hold. Cf. Habile and see Habit.]

1. Fit; adapted; suitable. [Obs.]
A many man, to ben an abbot able. Chaucer.

2. Having sufficient power, strength, force, skill, means, or
resources of any kind to accomplish the object; possessed of
qualifications rendering competent for some end; competent;
qualified; capable; as, an able workman, soldier, seaman, a man able
to work; a mind able to reason; a person able to be generous; able to
endure pain; able to play on a piano.

3. Specially: Having intellectual qualifications, or strong mental
powers; showing ability or skill; talented; clever; powerful; as, the
ablest man in the senate; an able speech.
No man wrote abler state papers. Macaulay.

4. (Law)

Defn: Legally qualified; possessed of legal competence; as, able to
inherit or devise property.

Note: Able for, is Scotticism.
"Hardly able for such a march." Robertson.

Syn.
 -- Competent; qualified; fitted; efficient; effective; capable;
skillful; clever; vigorous; powerful.

ABLE
A"ble, v. t. Etym: [See Able, a.] [Obs.]

1. To make able; to enable; to strengthen. Chaucer.

2. To vouch for. "I 'll able them." Shak.

ABLE; -ABLE; IBLE; -IBLE
*a*ble. Etym: [F. -able, L. -abilis.]

Defn: An adjective suffix now usually in a passive sense; able to be;
fit to be; expressing capacity or worthiness in a passive sense; as,
movable, able to be moved; amendable, able to be amended; blamable,
fit to be blamed; salable.

Note: The form ible is used in the same sense.

Note: It is difficult to say when we are not to use -able instead of
-ible. "Yet a rule may be laid down as to when we are to use it. To
all verbs, then, from the Anglo-Saxon, to all based on the
uncorrupted infinitival stems of Latin verbs of the first
conjugation, and to all substantives, whencesoever sprung, we annex -
able only." Fitzed. Hall.

ABLE-BODIED
A`ble-bod"ied, a.

Defn: Having a sound, strong body; physically competent; robust.
"Able-bodied vagrant." Froude.
 -- A`ble-bod"ied*ness, n..

ABLEGATE
Ab"le*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. ablegatus, p. p. of ablegare; ab + legare
to send with a commission. See Legate.]

Defn: To send abroad. [Obs.] Bailey.

ABLEGATE
Ab"le*gate, n. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A representative of the pope charged with important commissions
in foreign countries, one of his duties being to bring to a newly
named cardinal his insignia of office.

ABLEGATION
Ab`le*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. ablegatio.]

Defn: The act of sending abroad. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

ABLE-MINDED
A`ble-mind"ed, a.

Defn: Having much intellectual power.
 -- A`ble-mind"ed*ness, n.

ABLENESS
A"ble*ness, n.

Defn: Ability of body or mind; force; vigor. [Obs. or R.]

ABLEPSY
Ab"lep*sy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Blindness. [R.] Urquhart.

ABLER
A"bler, a.,

Defn: comp. of Able.
 -- A"blest, a.,

Defn: superl. of Able.

ABLET; ABLEN
Ab"let, Ab"len Etym: [F. ablet, ablette, a dim. fr. LL. abula, for
albula, dim. of albus white. Cf. Abele.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small fresh-water fish (Leuciscus alburnus); the bleak.

ABLIGATE
Ab"li*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. ab + ligatus, p. p. of ligare to tie.]

Defn: To tie up so as to hinder from. [Obs.]

ABLIGURITION
Ab*lig`u*ri"tion, n. Etym: [L. abligurito, fr. abligurire to spend in
luxurious indulgence; ab + ligurire to be lickerish, dainty, fr.
lingere to lick.]

Defn: Prodigal expense for food. [Obs.] Bailey.

ABLINS
A"blins, adv. Etym: [See Able.]

Defn: Perhaps. [Scot.]

ABLOOM
A*bloom", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + bloom.]

Defn: In or into bloom; in a blooming state. Masson.

ABLUDE
Ab*lude", v. t. Etym: [L. abludere; ab + ludere to play.]

Defn: To be unlike; to differ. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

ABLUENT
Ab"lu*ent, a. Etym: [L. abluens, p. pr. of. abluere to wash away; ab
+ luere (lavere, lavare). See Lave.]

Defn: Washing away; carrying off impurities; detergent.
 -- n. (Med.)

Defn: A detergent.

ABLUSH
A*blush", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + blush.]

Defn: Blushing; ruddy.

ABLUTION
Ab*lu`tion, n. Etym: [L. ablutio, fr. abluere: cf. F. ablution. See
Abluent.]

1. The act of washing or cleansing; specifically, the washing of the
body, or some part of it, as a religious rite.

2. The water used in cleansing. "Cast the ablutions in the main."
Pope.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A small quantity of wine and water, which is used to wash the
priest's thumb and index finger after the communion, and which then,
as perhaps containing portions of the consecrated elements, is drunk
by the priest.

ABLUTIONARY
Ab*lu"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to ablution.

ABLUVION
Ab*lu"vi*on, n. Etym: [LL. abluvio. See Abluent.]

Defn: That which is washed off. [R.] Dwight.

ABLY
A"bly, adv.

Defn: In an able manner; with great ability; as, ably done, planned,
said.

-ABLY
-a*bly(#).

Defn: A suffix composed of -able and the adverbial suffix -ly; as,
favorably.

ABNEGATE
Ab"ne*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abnegated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Abnegating.] Etym: [L. abnegatus,p. p. of abnegare; ab + negare to
deny. See Deny.]

Defn: To deny and reject; to abjure. Sir E. Sandys. Farrar.

ABNEGATION
Ab`ne*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. abnegatio: cf. F. abnégation.]

Defn: a denial; a renunciation.
With abnegation of God, of his honor, and of religion, they may
retain the friendship of the court. Knox.

ABNEGATIVE
Ab"ne*ga*tive, a. Etym: [L. abnegativus.]

Defn: Denying; renouncing; negative. [R.] Clarke.

ABNEGATOR
Ab"ne*ga`tor(#), n. [L.]

Defn: One who abnegates, denies, or rejects anything. [R.]

ABNET
Ab"net, n. Etym: [Heb.]

Defn: The girdle of a Jewish priest or officer.

ABNODATE
Ab"no*date, v. t. Etym: [L. abnodatus, p. p. of abnodare; ab + nodus
knot.]

Defn: To clear (tress) from knots. [R.] Blount.

ABNODATION
Ab`no*da"tion, n.

Defn: The act of cutting away the knots of trees. [R.] Crabb.

ABNORMAL
Ab*nor"mal, a. Etym: [For earlier anormal.F. anormal, LL. anormalus
for anomalus, Gr. abnormis. See Anomalous, Abnormous, Anormal.]

Defn: Not conformed to rule or system; deviating from the type;
anomalous; irregular. "That deviating from the type; anomalous;
irregular. " Froude.

ABNORMALITY
Ab`nor*mal"i*ty, n.; pl. Abnormalities.

1. The state or quality of being abnormal; variation; irregularity.
Darwin.

2. Something abnormal.

ABNORMALLY
Ab*nor"mal*ly, adv.

Defn: In an abnormal manner; irregularly. Darwin.

ABNORMITY
Ab*nor"mi*ty, n.; pl. Abnormities. Etym: [LL. abnormitas. See
Abnormous.]

Defn: Departure from the ordinary type; irregularity; monstrosity.
"An abnormity . . . like a calf born with two heads." Mrs. Whitney.

ABNORMOUS
Ab*nor"mous, a. Etym: [L. abnormis; ab + norma rule. See Normal.]

Defn: Abnormal; irregular. Hallam.
A character of a more abnormous cast than his equally suspected
coadjutor. State Trials.

ABOARD
A*board", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- on, in + board.]

Defn: On board; into or within a ship or boat; hence, into or within
a railway car.

2. Alongside; as, close aboard. Naut.: To fall aboard of, to strike a
ship's side; to fall foul of.
 -- To haul the tacks aboard, to set the courses.
 -- To keep the land aboard, to hug the shore.
 -- To lay (a ship) aboard, to place one's own ship close alongside
of (a ship) for fighting.

ABOARD
A*board", prep.

1. On board of; as, to go aboard a ship.

2. Across; athwart. [Obs.]
Nor iron bands aboard The Pontic Sea by their huge navy cast.
Spenser.

ABODANCE
A*bod"ance, n. Etym: [See Bode.]

Defn: An omen; a portending. [Obs.]

ABODE
A*bode", pret.

Defn: of Abide.

ABODE
A*bode", n. Etym: [OE. abad, abood, fr. abiden to abide. See Abide.
For the change of vowel, cf. abode, imp. of abide.]

1. Act of waiting; delay. [Obs.] Shak.
And with her fled away without abode. Spenser.

2. Stay or continuance in a place; sojourn.
He waxeth at your abode here. Fielding.

3. Place of continuance, or where one dwells; abiding place;
residence; a dwelling; a habitation.
Come, let me lead you to our poor abode. Wordsworth.

ABODE
A*bode", n. Etym: [See Bode, v. t.]

Defn: An omen. [Obs.]
High-thundering Juno's husband stirs my spirit with true abodes.
Chapman.

ABODE
A*bode", v. t.

Defn: To bode; to foreshow. [Obs.] Shak.

ABODE
A*bode", v. i.

Defn: To be ominous. [Obs.] Dryden.

ABODEMENT
A*bode"ment, n.

Defn: A foreboding; an omen. [Obs.] "Abodements must not now affright
us." Shak.

ABODING
A*bod"ing, n.

Defn: A foreboding. [Obs.]

ABOLISH
A*bol"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abolished; p. pr. & vb. n.
Abolishing.] Etym: [F. abolir, L. abolere, aboletum; ab + olere to
grow. Cf. Finish.]

1. To do away with wholly; to annul; to make void; -- said of laws,
customs, institutions, governments, etc.; as, to abolish slavery, to
abolish folly.

2. To put an end to, or destroy, as a physical objects; to wipe out.
[Archaic]
And with thy blood abolish so reproachful blot. Spenser.
His quick instinctive hand Caught at the hilt, as to abolish him.
Tennyson.

Syn.
 -- To Abolish, Repeal, Abrogate, Revoke, Annul, Nullify, Cancel.
These words have in common the idea of setting aside by some
overruling act. Abolish applies particularly to things of a permanent
nature, such as institutions, usages, customs, etc.; as, to abolish
monopolies, serfdom, slavery. Repeal describes the act by which the
legislature of a state sets aside a law which it had previously
enacted. Abrogate was originally applied to the repeal of a law by
the Roman people; and hence, when the power of making laws was
usurped by the emperors, the term was applied to their act of setting
aside the laws. Thus it came to express that act by which a sovereign
or an executive government sets aside laws, ordinances, regulations,
treaties, conventions, etc. Revoke denotes the act or recalling some
previous grant which conferred, privilege, etc.; as, to revoke a
decree, to revoke a power of attorney, a promise, etc. Thus, also, we
speak of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Annul is used in a
more general sense, denoting simply to make void; as, to annul a
contract, to annul an agreement. Nullify is an old word revived in
this country, and applied to the setting of things aside either by
force or by total disregard; as, to nullify an act of Congress.
Cancel is to strike out or annul, by a deliberate exercise of power,
something which has operative force.

ABOLISHABLE
A*bol"ish*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. abolissable.]

Defn: Capable of being abolished.

ABOLISHER
A*bol"ish*er, n.

Defn: One who abolishes.

ABOLISHMENT
A*bol"ish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. abolissement.]

Defn: The act of abolishing; abolition; destruction. Hooker.

ABOLITION
Ab"o*li"tion, n. Etym: [L. abolitio, fr. abolere: cf. F. abolition.
See Abolish.]

Defn: The act of abolishing, or the state of being abolished; an
annulling; abrogation; utter destruction; as, the abolition of
slavery or the slave trade; the abolition of laws, decrees,
ordinances, customs, taxes, debts, etc.

Note: The application of this word to persons is now unusual or
obsolete

ABOLITIONISM
Ab`o*li"tion*ism, n.

Defn: The principles or measures of abolitionists. Wilberforce.

ABOLITIONIST
Ab`o*li"tion*ist, n.

Defn: A person who favors the abolition of any institution,
especially negro slavery.

ABOLITIONIZE
Ab`o*li`tion*ize, v. t.

Defn: To imbue with the principles of abolitionism. [R.] Bartlett.

ABOMA
A*bo"ma, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large South American serpent (Boa aboma).

ABOMASUM; ABOMASUS
Ab`o*ma"sum, Ab`o*ma"sus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. ab + omasum (a Celtic
word.] (Anat.)

Defn: The fourth or digestive stomach of a ruminant, which leads from
the third stomach omasum. See Ruminantia.

ABOMINABLE
A*bom"i*na*ble, a. Etym: [F. abominable. L. abominalis. See
Abominate.]

1. Worthy of, or causing, abhorrence, as a thing of evil omen; odious
in the utmost degree; very hateful; detestable; loathsome; execrable.

2. Excessive; large; -- used as an intensive. [Obs.]

Note: Juliana Berners . . . informs us that in her time [15th c.],
"abomynable syght of monkes" was elegant English for "a large company
of friars." G. P. Marsh.

ABOMINABLENESS
A*bom"i*na*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being abominable; odiousness. Bentley.

ABOMINABLY
A*bom"i*na*bly, adv.

Defn: In an abominable manner; very odiously; detestably.

ABOMINATE
A*bom"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abominated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Abominating.] Etym: [L. abominatus, p. p. or abominari to deprecate
as ominous, to abhor, to curse; ab + omen a foreboding. See Omen.]

Defn: To turn from as ill-omened; to hate in the highest degree, as
if with religious dread; loathe; as, to abominate all impiety.

Syn.
 -- To hate; abhor; loathe; detest. See Hate.

ABOMINATION
A*bom`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [OE. abominacioun, -cion, F. abominatio.
See Abominate.]

1. The feeling of extreme disgust and hatred; abhorrence;
detestation; loathing; as, he holds tobacco in abomination.

2. That which is abominable; anything hateful, wicked, or shamefully
vile; an object or state that excites disgust and hatred; a hateful
or shameful vice; pollution.
Antony, most large in his abominations. Shak.

3. A cause of pollution or wickedness.

Syn.
 -- Detestation; loathing; abhorrence; disgust; aversion;
loathsomeness; odiousness. Sir W. Scott.

ABOON
A*boon", prep.

Defn: and adv. Above. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Aboon the pass of Bally-Brough. Sir W. Scott.
The ceiling fair that rose aboon. J. R. Drake.

ABORAL
Ab*o"ral, a. Etym: [L. ab. + E. oral.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated opposite to, or away from, the mouth.

ABORD
A*bord", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Manner of approaching or accosting; address. Chesterfield.

ABORD
A*bord", v. t. Etym: [F. aborder, à (L. ad) + bord rim, brim, or side
of a vessel. See Border, Board.]

Defn: To approach; to accost. [Obs.] Digby.

ABORIGINAL
Ab`o*rig"i*nal, a. Etym: [See Aborigines.]

1. First; original; indigenous; primitive; native; as, the aboriginal
tribes of America. "Mantled o'er with aboriginal turf." Wordsworth.

2. Of or pertaining to aborigines; as, a Hindoo of aboriginal blood.

ABORIGINAL
Ab`o*rig"i*nal, n.

1. An original inhabitant of any land; one of the aborigines.

2. An animal or a plant native to the region.
It may well be doubted whether this frog is an aboriginal of these
islands. Darwin.

ABORIGINALITY
Ab`o*rig`i*nal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being aboriginal. Westm. Rev.

ABORIGINALLY
Ab`o*rig"i*nal*ly, adv.

Defn: Primarily.

ABORIGINES
Ab`o*rig"i*nes, n. pl. Etym: [L. Aborigines; ab + origo, especially
the first inhabitants of Latium, those who originally (ab origine)
inhabited Latium or Italy. See Origin.]

1. The earliest known inhabitants of a country; native races.

2. The original fauna and flora of a geographical area

ABORSEMENT
A*borse"ment, n.

Defn: Abortment; abortion. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

ABORSIVE
A*bor"sive, a.

Defn: Abortive. [Obs.] Fuller.

ABORT
A*bort", v. i. Etym: [L. abortare, fr. abortus, p. p. of aboriri; ab
+ oriri to rise, to be born. See Orient.]

1. To miscarry; to bring forth young prematurely.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: To become checked in normal development, so as either to remain
rudimentary or shrink away wholly; to become sterile.

ABORT
A*bort", n. Etym: [L. abortus, fr. aboriri.]

1. An untimely birth. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

2. An aborted offspring. [Obs.] Holland.

ABORTED
A*bort"ed, a.

1. Brought forth prematurely.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Rendered abortive or sterile; undeveloped; checked in normal
development at a very early stage; as, spines are aborted branches.
The eyes of the cirripeds are more or less aborted in their mature
state. Owen.

ABORTICIDE
A*bor"ti*cide, n. Etym: [L. abortus + caedere to kill. See Abort.]
(Med.)

Defn: The act of destroying a fetus in the womb; feticide.

ABORTIFACIENT
A*bor`ti*fa"cient, a. Etym: [L. abortus (see Abort, v.) + faciens, p.
pr. of facere to make.]

Defn: Producing miscarriage.
 -- n.

Defn: A drug or an agent that causes premature delivery.

ABORTION
A*bor"tion, n. Etym: [L. abortio, fr. aboriri. See Abort.]

1. The act of giving premature birth; particularly, the expulsion of
the human fetus prematurely, or before it is capable of sustaining
life; miscarriage.

Note: It is sometimes used for the offense of procuring a premature
delivery, but strictly the early delivery is the abortion, "causing
or procuring abortion" is the full name of the offense. Abbott.

2. The immature product of an untimely birth.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: Arrest of development of any organ, so that it remains an
imperfect formation or is absorbed.

4. Any fruit or produce that does not come to maturity, or anything
which in its progress, before it is matured or perfect; a complete
failure; as, his attempt. proved an abortiori.

ABORTIONAL
A*bor"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to abortion; miscarrying; abortive. Carlyle.

ABORTIONIST
A*bor"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who procures abortion or miscarriage.

ABORTIVE
A*bor"tive, a. Etym: [L. abortivus, fr. aboriri. See Abort, v.]

1. Produced by abortion; born prematurely; as, an abortive child.
[R.]

2. Made from the skin of a still-born animal; as, abortive vellum.
[Obs.]

3. Rendering fruitless or ineffectual. [Obs.] "Plunged in that
abortive gulf." Milton.

4. Coming to naught; failing in its effect; miscarrying; fruitless;
unsuccessful; as, an abortive attempt. "An abortive enterprise."
Prescott.

5. (Biol.)

Defn: Imperfectly formed or developed; rudimentary; sterile; as, an
abortive organ, stamen, ovule, etc.

6. (Med.)
(a) Causing abortion; as, abortive medicines. Parr.
(b) Cutting short; as, abortive treatment of typhoid fever.

ABORTIVE
A*bor"tive, n.

1. That which is born or brought forth prematurely; an abortion.
[Obs.] Shak.

2. A fruitless effort or issue. [Obs.]

3. A medicine to which is attributed the property of causing
abortion. Dunglison.

ABORTIVELY
A*bor"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an abortive or untimely manner; immaturely; fruitlessly.

ABORTIVENESS
A*bor"tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being abortive.

ABORTMENT
A*bort"ment, n.

Defn: Abortion. [Obs.]

ABOUGHT
A*bought", imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Aby. [Obs.]

ABOUND
A*bound", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Abounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Abounding.]
Etym: [OE. abounden, F. abonder, fr. L. abundare to overflow, abound;
ab + unda wave. Cf. Undulate.]

1. To be in great plenty; to be very prevalent; to be plentiful.
The wild boar which abounds in some parts of the continent of Europe.
Chambers.
Where sin abounded grace did much more abound. Rom. v. 20.

2. To be copiously supplied; -- followed by in or with. To abound in,
to posses in such abundance as to be characterized by.
 -- To abound with, to be filled with; to possess in great numbers.
Men abounding in natural courage. Macaulay.
A faithful man shall abound with blessings. Prov. xxviii. 20.
It abounds with cabinets of curiosities. Addison.

ABOUT
A*bout", prep. Etym: [OE. aboute, abouten, abuten; AS. abutan,
onbutan; on + butan, which is from be by + utan outward, from ut out.
See But, Out.]

1. Around; all round; on every side of. "Look about you." Shak. "Bind
them about thy neck." Prov. iii. 3.

2. In the immediate neighborhood of; in contiguity or proximity to;
near, as to place; by or on (one's person). "Have you much money
about you" Bulwer.

3. Over or upon different parts of; through or over in various
directions; here and there in; to and fro in; throughout.
Lampoons . . . were handed about the coffeehouses. Macaulay.
Roving still about the world. Milton.

4. Near; not far from; -- determining approximately time, size,
quantity. "To-morrow, about this time." Exod. ix. 18. "About my
stature." Shak.
He went out about the third hour. Matt. xx. 3.

Note: This use passes into the adverbial sense.

5. In concern with; engaged in; intent on.
I must be about my Father's business. Luke ii. 49.

6. Before a verbal noun or an infinitive:

Defn: On the point or verge of; going; in act of.
Paul was now aboutto open his mouth. Acts xviii. 14.

7. Concerning; with regard to; on account of; touching. "To treat
about thy ransom." Milton.
She must have her way about Sarah. Trollope.

ABOUT
A*bout", adv.

1. On all sides; around.
'Tis time to look about. Shak.

2. In circuit; circularly; by a circuitous way; around the outside;
as, a mile about, and a third of a mile across.

3. Here and there; around; in one place and another.
Wandering about from house to house. 1 Tim. v. 13.

4. Nearly; approximately; with close correspondence, in quality,
manner, degree, etc.; as, about as cold; about as high; -- also of
quantity, number, time. "There fell . . . about three thousand men."
Exod. xxii. 28.

5. To a reserved position; half round; in the opposite direction; on
the opposite tack; as, to face about; to turn one's self about. To
bring about, to cause to take place; to accomplish.
 -- To come about, to occur; to take place. See under Come.
 -- To go about, To set about, to undertake; to arrange; to prepare.
"Shall we set about some revels Shak.
 -- Round about, in every direction around.

ABOUT-SLEDGE
A*bout"-sledge", n.

Defn: The largest hammer used by smiths. Weale.

ABOVE
A*bove", prep. Etym: [OE. above, aboven, abuffe, AS. abufon; an (or
on) on + be by + ufan upward; cf. Goth. uf under. *199. See Over.]

1. In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper
surface; over; -- opposed to below or beneath.
Fowl that may fly above the earth. Gen. i. 20.

2. Figuratively, higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing;
beyond; higher in measure or degree than; as, things above
comprehension; above mean actions; conduct above reproach. "Thy worth
. . . is actions above my gifts." Marlowe.
I saw in the way a light from heaven above the brightness of the sun.
Acts xxxvi. 13.

3. Surpassing in number or quantity; more than; as, above a hundred.
(Passing into the adverbial sense. See Above, adv., 4.) above all,
before every other consideration; chiefly; in preference to other
things. Over and above, prep. or adv., besides; in addition to.

ABOVE
A*bove", adv.

1. In a higher place; overhead; into or from heaven; as, the clouds
above.

2. Earlier in order; higher in the same page; hence, in a foregoing
page. "That was said above." Dryden.

3. Higher in rank or power; as, he appealed to the court above.

4. More than; as, above five hundred were present.

Note: Above is often used elliptically as an adjective by omitting
the word mentioned, quoted, or the like; as, the above observations,
the above reference, the above articles.
 -- Above is also used substantively. "The waters that come down from
above." Josh. iii. 13. It is also used as the first part of a
compound in the sense of before, previously; as, above-cited, above-
described, above-mentioned, above-named, abovesaid, abovespecified,
above-written, above-given.

ABOVEBOARD
A*bove"board`, adv.

Defn: Above the board or table. Hence: in open sight; without trick,
concealment, or deception. "Fair and aboveboard." Burke.

Note: This expression is said by Johnson to have been borrowed from
gamesters, who, when they change their cards, put their hands under
the table.

ABOVE-CITED
A*bove"-cit`ed, a.

Defn: Cited before, in the preceding part of a book or writing.

ABOVEDECK
A*bove"deck`, a.

Defn: On deck; and hence, like aboveboard, without artifice. Smart.

ABOVE-MENTIONED; ABOVE-NAMED
A*bove"-men`tioned, A*bove"-named`(#), a.

Defn: Mentioned or named before; aforesaid.

ABOVESAID
A*bove"said`, a.

Defn: Mentioned or recited before.

ABOX
A*box", adv. & a. (Naut.)

Defn: Braced aback.

ABRA
A"bra, n. [Sp., a bay, valley, fissure.]

Defn: A narrow pass or defile; a break in a mesa; the mouth of a
cañon. [Southwestern U. S.]

ABRACADABRA
Ab`ra*ca*dab"ra, n. Etym: [L. Of unknown origin.]

Defn: A mystical word or collocation of letters written as in the
figure. Worn on an amulet it was supposed to ward off fever. At
present the word is used chiefly in jest to denote something without
meaning; jargon.

ABRADANT
Ab*ra"dant, n.

Defn: A material used for grinding, as emery, sand, powdered glass,
etc.

ABRADE
Ab*rade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abraded; p. pr. & vb. n. Abrading.]
Etym: [L. abradere, abrasum, to scrape off; ab + radere to scrape.
See Rase, Raze.]

Defn: To rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction; as, to
abrade rocks. Lyell.

ABRADE
A*brade", v. t.

Defn: Same as Abraid. [Obs.]

ABRAHAMIC
A`bra*ham"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Abraham, the patriarch; as, the Abrachamic
covenant.

ABRAHAMITIC; ABRAHAMITICAL
A`bra*ham*it"ic, A`bra*ham*it*ic*al(#), a.

Defn: Relating to the patriarch Abraham.

ABRAHAM-MAN; ABRAM-MAN
A"bra*ham-man`(#) or A"bram-man`(#), n. Etym: [Possibly in allusion
to the parable of the beggar Lazarus in Luke xvi. Murray (New Eng.
Dict. ).]

Defn: One of a set of vagabonds who formerly roamed through England,
feigning lunacy for the sake of obtaining alms. Nares. To sham
Abraham, to feign sickness. Goldsmith.

ABRAID
A*braid", v. t. & i. Etym: [OE. abraiden, to awake, draw (a sword),
AS. abredgan to shake, draw; pref. a- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig.
meaning out) + bregdan to shake, throw. See Braid.]

Defn: To awake; to arouse; to stir or start up; also, to shout out.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

ABRANCHIAL
A*bran"chi*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Abranchiate.

ABRANCHIATA
A*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of annelids, so called because the species composing it
have no special organs of respiration.

ABRANCHIATE
A*bran"chi*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without gills.

ABRASE
Ab*rase", a. Etym: [L. abrasus, p. p. of abradere. See Abrade.]

Defn: Rubbed smooth. [Obs.] "An abrase table." B. Jonson.

ABRASION
Ab*ra"sion, n. Etym: [L. abrasio, fr. abradere. See Abrade.]

1. The act of abrading, wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by
friction; as, the abrasion of coins.

2. The substance rubbed off. Berkeley.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A superficial excoriation, with loss of substance under the
form of small shreds. Dunglison.

ABRASIVE
Ab*ra"sive, a.

Defn: Producing abrasion. Ure.

ABRAUM; ABRAUM SALTS
A*braum" or A*braum" salts, n. Etym: [Ger., fr. abräumen to remove.]

Defn: A red ocher used to darken mahogany and for making chloride of
potassium.

ABRAXAS
A*brax"as, n. Etym: [A name adopted by the Egyptian Gnostic
Basilides, containing the Greek letters , , , , , , , which, as
numerals, amounted to 365. It was used to signify the supreme deity
as ruler of the 365 heavens of his system.]

Defn: A mystical word used as a charm and engraved on gems among the
ancients; also, a gem stone thus engraved.

ABRAY
A*bray", v. Etym: [A false form from the preterit abraid, abrayde.]

Defn: See Abraid. [Obs.] Spenser.

ABREACTION
Ab`re*ac"tion, n. [Pref. ab-+ reaction, after G. Abreagirung.]
(Psychotherapy)

Defn: See Catharsis, below.

ABREAST
A*breast", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + breast.]

1. Side by side, with breasts in a line; as, "Two men could hardly
walk abreast." Macaulay.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Side by side; also, opposite; over against; on a line with the
vessel's beam; -- with of.

3. Up to a certain level or line; equally advanced; as, to keep
abreast of [or with] the present state of science.

4. At the same time; simultaneously. [Obs.]
Abreast therewith began a convocation. Fuller.

ABREGGE
A*breg"ge, v. t.

Defn: See Abridge. [Obs.]

ABRENOUNCE
Ab`re*nounce", v. t. Etym: [L. abrenuntiare; ab + renuntiare. See
Renounce.]

Defn: To renounce. [Obs.] "They abrenounce and cast them off."
Latimer.

ABRENUNCIATION
Ab`re*nun`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. abrenuntiatio. See Abrenounce.]

Defn: Absolute renunciation or repudiation. [Obs.]
An abrenunciation of that truth which he so long had professed, and
still believed. Fuller.

ABREPTION
Ab*rep"tion, n. Etym: [L. abreptus, p. p. of abripere to snatch away;
ab + rapere to snatch.]

Defn: A snatching away. [Obs.]

ABREUVOIR
A`breu`voir", n. Etym: [F., a watering place.] (Masonry)

Defn: The joint or interstice between stones, to be filled with
mortar. Gwilt.

ABRICOCK
A"bri*cock, n.

Defn: See Apricot. [Obs.]

ABRIDGE
A*bridge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abridged; p. pr. & vb. n. Abridging.]
Etym: [OE. abregen, OF. abregier, F. abréger, fr. L. abbreviare; ad +
brevis short. See Brief and cf. Abbreviate.]

1. To make shorter; to shorten in duration; to lessen; to diminish;
to curtail; as, to abridge labor; to abridge power or rights. "The
bridegroom . . . abridged his visit." Smollett.
She retired herself to Sebaste, and abridged her train from state to
necessity. Fuller.

2. To shorten or contract by using fewer words, yet retaining the
sense; to epitomize; to condense; as, to abridge a history or
dictionary.

3. To deprive; to cut off; -- followed by of, and formerly by from;
as, to abridge one of his rights.

ABRIDGER
A*bridg"er, n.

Defn: One who abridges.

ABRIDGMENT
A*bridg"ment, n. Etym: [OE. abregement. See Abridge.]

1. The act abridging, or the state of being abridged; diminution;
lessening; reduction or deprivation; as, an abridgment of pleasures
or of expenses.

2. An epitome or compend, as of a book; a shortened or abridged form;
an abbreviation.
Ancient coins as abridgments of history. Addison.

3. That which abridges or cuts short; hence, an entertainment that
makes the time pass quickly. [Obs.]
What abridgment have you for this evening What mask What music Shak.

Syn.
 -- Abridgment, Compendium, Epitome, Abstract, Synopsis. An
abridgment is made by omitting the less important parts of some
larger work; as, an abridgment of a dictionary. A compendium is a
brief exhibition of a subject, or science, for common use; as, a
compendium of American literature. An epitome corresponds to a
compendium, and gives briefly the most material points of a subject;
as, an epitome of history. An abstract is a brief statement of a
thing in its main points. A synopsis is a bird's-eye view of a
subject, or work, in its several parts.

ABROACH
A*broach", v. t. Etym: [OE. abrochen, OF. abrochier. See Broach.]

Defn: To set abroach; to let out, as liquor; to broach; to tap.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

ABROACH
A*broach", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + broach.]

1. Broached; in a condition for letting out or yielding liquor, as a
cask which is tapped.
Hogsheads of ale were set abroach. Sir W. Scott.

2. Hence: In a state to be diffused or propagated; afoot; astir.
"Mischiefs that I set abroach." Shak.

ABROAD
A*broad", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + broad.]

1. At large; widely; broadly; over a wide space; as, a tree spreads
its branches abroad.
The fox roams far abroad. Prior.

2. Without a certain confine; outside the house; away from one's
abode; as, to walk abroad.
I went to St. James', where another was preaching in the court
abroad. Evelyn.

3. Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign countries; as, we have
broils at home and enemies abroad. "Another prince . . . was living
abroad." Macaulay.

4. Before the public at large; throughout society or the world; here
and there; widely.
He went out, and began to publish it much, and to blaze abroad the
matter. Mark i. 45.
To be abroad. (a) To be wide of the mark; to be at fault; as, you are
all abroad in your guess. (b) To be at a loss or nonplused.

ABROGABLE
Ab"ro*ga*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being abrogated.

ABROGATE
Ab"ro*gate, a. Etym: [L. abrogatus, p. p.]

Defn: Abrogated; abolished. [Obs.] Latimer.

ABROGATE
Ab"ro*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abrogated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Abrogating.] Etym: [L. abrogatus, p. p. of abrogare; ab + rogare to
ask, require, propose. See Rogation.]

1. To annul by an authoritative act; to abolish by the authority of
the maker or his successor; to repeal; -- applied to the repeal of
laws, decrees, ordinances, the abolition of customs, etc.
Let us see whether the New Testament abrogates what we so frequently
see in the Old. South.
Whose laws, like those of the Medes and Persian, they can not alter
or abrogate. Burke.

2. To put an end to; to do away with. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To abolish; annul; do away; set aside; revoke; repeal; cancel;
annihilate. See Abolish.

ABROGATION
Ab`ro*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. abrogatio, fr. abrogare: cf. F.
abrogation.]

Defn: The act of abrogating; repeal by authority. Hume.

ABROGATIVE
Ab"ro*ga*tive, a.

Defn: Tending or designed to abrogate; as, an abrogative law.

ABROGATOR
Ab"ro*ga`tor, n.

Defn: One who repeals by authority.

ABROOD
A*brood", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + brood.]

Defn: In the act of brooding. [Obs.] Abp. Sancroft.

ABROOK
A*brook", v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + brook, v.]

Defn: To brook; to endure. [Obs.] Shak.

ABRUPT
Ab*rupt", a. Etym: [L. abruptus, p. p. of abrumpere to break off; ab
+ rumpere to break. See Rupture.]

1. Broken off; very steep, or craggy, as rocks, precipices, banks;
precipitous; steep; as, abrupt places. "Tumbling through ricks
abrupt," Thomson.

2. Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty;
unceremonious. "The cause of your abrupt departure." Shak.

3. Having sudden transitions from one subject to another;
unconnected.
The abrupt style, which hath many breaches. B. Jonson.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Suddenly terminating, as if cut off. Gray.

Syn.
 -- Sudden; unexpected; hasty; rough; curt; unceremonious; rugged;
blunt; disconnected; broken.

ABRUPT
Ab*rupt", n. Etym: [L. abruptum.]

Defn: An abrupt place. [Poetic]
"Over the vast abrupt." Milton.

ABRUPT
Ab*rupt", v. t.

Defn: To tear off or asunder. [Obs.] "Till death abrupts them." Sir
T. Browne.

ABRUPTION
Ab*rup"tion, n. Etym: [L. abruptio, fr. abrumpere: cf. F. abruption.]

Defn: A sudden breaking off; a violent separation of bodies.
Woodward.

ABRUPTLY
Ab*rupt"ly, adv.

1. In an abrupt manner; without giving notice, or without the usual
forms; suddenly.

2. Precipitously. Abruptly pinnate (Bot.), pinnate without an odd
leaflet, or other appendage, at the end. Gray.

ABRUPTNESS
Ab*rupt"ness, n.

1. The state of being abrupt or broken; craggedness; ruggedness;
steepness.

2. Suddenness; unceremonious haste or vehemence; as, abruptness of
style or manner.

ABSCESS
Ab"scess, n.; pl. Abscesses. Etym: [L. abscessus a going away,
gathering of humors, abscess, fr. abscessus, p. p. of absedere to go
away; ab, abs + cedere to go off, retire. See Cede.] (Med.)

Defn: A collection of pus or purulent matter in any tissue or organ
of the body, the result of a morbid process. Cold abscess, an abscess
of slow formation, unattended with the pain and heat characteristic
of ordinary abscesses, and lasting for years without exhibiting any
tendency towards healing; a chronic abscess.

ABSCESSION
Ab*sces"sion, n. Etym: [L. abscessio a separation; fr. absedere. See
Abscess.]

Defn: A separating; removal; also, an abscess. [Obs.] Gauden.
Barrough.

ABSCIND
Ab*scind", v. t. Etym: [L. absindere; ab + scindere to rend, cut. See
Schism.]

Defn: To cut off. [R.] "Two syllables . . . abscinded from the rest."
Johnson.

ABSCISION
Ab*sci"sion, n. Etym: [L. abscisio.]

Defn: See Abscission.

ABSCISS
Ab"sciss, n.; pl. Abscisses.

Defn: See Abscissa.

ABSCISSA
Ab*scis"sa, n.; E. pl. Abscissas, L. pl. Abscissæ. Etym: [L., fem. of
abscissus, p. p. of absindere to cut of. See Abscind.] (Geom.)

Defn: One of the elements of reference by which a point, as of a
curve, is referred to a system of fixed rectilineal coördinate axes.

Note: When referred to two intersecting axes, one of them called the
axis of abscissas, or of X, and the other the axis of ordinates, or
of Y, the abscissa of the point is the distance cut off from the axis
of X by a line drawn through it and parallel to the axis of Y. When a
point in space is referred to three axes having a common
intersection, the abscissa may be the distance measured parallel to
either of them, from the point to the plane of the other two axes.
Abscissas and ordinates taken together are called coördinates.
 -- OX or PY is the abscissa of the point P of the curve, OY or PX
its ordinate, the intersecting lines OX and OY being the axes of
abscissas and ordinates respectively, and the point O their origin.

ABSCISSION
Ab*scis"sion, n. Etym: [L. abscissio. See Abscind.]

1. The act or process of cutting off. "Not to be cured without the
abscission of a member." Jer. Taylor.

2. The state of being cut off. Sir T. Browne.

3. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech employed when a speaker having begun to say
a thing stops abruptly: thus, "He is a man of so much honor and
candor, and of such generosity -- but I need say no more."

ABSCOND
Ab*scond", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Absconded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Absconding.] Etym: [L. abscondere to hide; ab, abs + condere to lay
up; con + dare (only in comp.) to put. Cf. Do.]

1. To hide, withdraw, or be concealed.
The marmot absconds all winter. Ray.

2. To depart clandestinely; to steal off and secrete one's self; --
used especially of persons who withdraw to avoid a legal process; as,
an absconding debtor.
That very homesickness which, in regular armies, drives so many
recruits to abscond. Macaulay.

ABSCOND
Ab*scond", v. t.

Defn: To hide; to conceal. [Obs.] Bentley.

ABSCONDENCE
Ab*scond"ence, n.

Defn: Fugitive concealment; secret retirement; hiding. [R.] Phillips.

ABSCONDER
Ab*scond"er, n.

Defn: One who absconds.

ABSENCE
Ab"sence, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. absentia. See Absent.]

1. A state of being absent or withdrawn from a place or from
companionship; -- opposed to presence.
Not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence. Phil.
ii. 12.

2. Want; destitution; withdrawal. "In the absence of conventional
law." Kent.

3. Inattention to things present; abstraction (of mind); as, absence
of mind. "Reflecting on the little absences and distractions of
mankind." Addison.
To conquer that abstraction which is called absence. Landor.

ABSENT
Ab"sent, a. Etym: [F., fr. absens, absentis, p. pr. of abesse to be
away from; ab + esse to be. Cf. Sooth.]

1. Being away from a place; withdrawn from a place; not present.
"Expecting absent friends." Shak.

2. Not existing; lacking; as, the part was rudimental or absent.

3. Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded; preoccupied; as, an
absent air.
What is commonly called an absent man is commonly either a very weak
or a very affected man. Chesterfield.

Syn.
 -- Absent, Abstracted. These words both imply a want of attention to
surrounding objects. We speak of a man as absent when his thoughts
wander unconsciously from present scenes or topics of discourse; we
speak of him as abstracted when his mind (usually for a brief period)
is drawn off from present things by some weighty matter for
reflection. Absence of mind is usually the result of loose habits of
thought; abstraction commonly arises either from engrossing interests
and cares, or from unfortunate habits of association.

ABSENT
Ab*sent", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Absented; p. pr. & vb. n. Absenting.]
Etym: [Cf. F. absenter.]

1. To take or withdraw (one's self) to such a distance as to prevent
intercourse; -- used with the reflexive pronoun.
If after due summons any member absents himself, he is to be fined.
Addison.

2. To withhold from being present. [Obs.] "Go; for thy stay, not
free, absents thee more." Milton.

ABSENTANEOUS
Ab`sen*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [LL. absentaneus. See absent]

Defn: Pertaining to absence. [Obs.]

ABSENTATION
Ab`sen*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of absenting one's self. Sir W. Hamilton.

ABSENTEE
Ab`sen*tee", n.

Defn: One who absents himself from his country, office, post, or
duty; especially, a landholder who lives in another country or
district than that where his estate is situated; as, an Irish
absentee. Macaulay.

ABSENTEEISM
Ab`sen*tee"ism, n.

Defn: The state or practice of an absentee; esp. the practice of
absenting one's self from the country or district where one's estate
is situated.

ABSENTER
Ab*sent"er, n.

Defn: One who absents one's self.

ABSENTLY
Ab"sent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an absent or abstracted manner.

ABSENTMENT
Ab*sent"ment, n.

Defn: The state of being absent; withdrawal. [R.] Barrow.

ABSENT-MINDED
Ab`sent-mind"ed(#), a.

Defn: Absent in mind; abstracted; preoccupied.
 -- Ab`sent-mind"ed*ness, n.
 -- Ab`sent-mind"ed*ly, adv.

ABSENTNESS
Ab"sent*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being absent-minded. H. Miller.

ABSEY-BOOK
Ab"sey-book`(#), n.

Defn: An A-B-C book; a primer. [Obs.] Shak.

ABSINTHATE
Ab"sin"thate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A combination of absinthic acid with a base or positive
radical.

ABSINTHE; ABSINTH
Ab"sinthe`, Ab"sinth`, n. Etym: [F. absinthe. See Absinthium.]

1. The plant absinthium or common wormwood.

2. A strong spirituous liqueur made from wormwood and brandy or
alcohol.

ABSINTHIAL
Ab*sin"thi*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to wormwood; absinthian.

ABSINTHIAN
Ab*sin"thi*an, n.

Defn: Of the nature of wormwood. "Absinthian bitterness." T.
Randolph.

ABSINTHIATE
Ab"sin"thi*ate, v. t. Etym: [From L. absinthium: cf. L. absinthiatus,
a.]

Defn: To impregnate with wormwood.

ABSINTHIATED
Ab*sin"thi*a`ted, a.

Defn: Impregnated with wormwood; as, absinthiated wine.

ABSINTHIC
Ab*sin"thic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Relating to the common wormwood or to an acid obtained from it.

ABSINTHIN
Ab*sin"thin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The bitter principle of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium). Watts.

ABSINTHISM
Ab"sin*thism, n.

Defn: The condition of being poisoned by the excessive use of
absinth.

ABSINTHIUM
Ab*sin"thi*um, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The common wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), an intensely bitter
plant, used as a tonic and for making the oil of wormwood.

ABSIS
Ab"sis, n.

Defn: See Apsis.

ABSIST
Ab*sist", v. i. Etym: [L. absistere, p. pr. absistens; ab + sistere
to stand, causal of stare.]

Defn: To stand apart from; top leave off; to desist. [Obs.] Raleigh.

ABSISTENCE
Ab*sist"ence, n.

Defn: A standing aloof. [Obs.]

ABSOLUTE
Ab"so*lute, a. Etym: [L. absolutus, p. p. of absolvere: cf. F.
absolu. See Absolve.]

1. Loosed from any limitation or condition; uncontrolled;
unrestricted; unconditional; as, absolute authority, monarchy,
sovereignty, an absolute promise or command; absolute power; an
absolute monarch.

2. Complete in itself; perfect; consummate; faultless; as, absolute
perfection; absolute beauty.
So absolute she seems, And in herself complete. Milton.

3. Viewed apart from modifying influences or without comparison with
other objects; actual; real; -- opposed to relative and comparative;
as, absolute motion; absolute time or space.

Note: Absolute rights and duties are such as pertain to man in a
state of nature as contradistinguished from relative rights and
duties, or such as pertain to him in his social relations.

4. Loosed from, or unconnected by, dependence on any other being;
self-existent; self-sufficing.

Note: In this sense God is called the Absolute by the Theist. The
term is also applied by the Pantheist to the universe, or the total
of all existence, as only capable of relations in its parts to each
other and to the whole, and as dependent for its existence and its
phenomena on its mutually depending forces and their laws.

5. Capable of being thought or conceived by itself alone;
unconditioned; non-relative.

Note: It is in dispute among philosopher whether the term, in this
sense, is not applied to a mere logical fiction or abstraction, or
whether the absolute, as thus defined, can be known, as a reality, by
the human intellect.
To Cusa we can indeed articulately trace, word and thing, the recent
philosophy of the absolute. Sir W. Hamilton.

6. Positive; clear; certain; not doubtful. [R.]
I am absolute 't was very Cloten. Shak.

7. Authoritative; peremptory. [R.]
The peddler stopped, and tapped her on the head, With absolute
forefinger, brown and ringed. Mrs. Browning.

8. (Chem.)

Defn: Pure; unmixed; as, absolute alcohol.

9. (Gram.)

Defn: Not immediately dependent on the other parts of the sentence in
government; as, the case absolute. See Ablative absolute, under
Ablative. Absolute curvature (Geom.), that curvature of a curve of
double curvature, which is measured in the osculating plane of the
curve.
 -- Absolute equation (Astron.), the sum of the optic and eccentric
equations.
 -- Absolute space (Physics), space considered without relation to
material limits or objects.
 -- Absolute terms. (Alg.), such as are known, or which do not
contain the unknown quantity. Davies & Peck.
 -- Absolute temperature (Physics), the temperature as measured on a
scale determined by certain general thermo-dynamic principles, and
reckoned from the absolute zero.
 -- Absolute zero (Physics), the be ginning, or zero point, in the
scale of absolute temperature. It is equivalent to -273º centigrade
or -459.4º Fahrenheit.

Syn.
 -- Positive; peremptory; certain; unconditional; unlimited;
unrestricted; unqualified; arbitrary; despotic; autocratic.

ABSOLUTE
Ab"so*lute, n. (Geom.)

Defn: In a plane, the two imaginary circular points at infinity; in
space of three dimensions, the imaginary circle at infinity.

ABSOLUTELY
Ab"so*lute*ly, adv.

Defn: In an absolute, independent, or unconditional manner; wholly;
positively.

ABSOLUTENESS
Ab"so*lute*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being absolute; independence of everything
extraneous; unlimitedness; absolute power; independent reality;
positiveness.

ABSOLUTION
Ab`so*lu"tion, n. Etym: [F. absolution, L. absolutio, fr. absolvere
to absolve. See Absolve.]

1. An absolving, or setting free from guilt, sin, or penalty;
forgiveness of an offense. "Government . . . granting absolution to
the nation." Froude.

2. (Civil Law)

Defn: An acquittal, or sentence of a judge declaring and accused
person innocent. [Obs.]

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The exercise of priestly jurisdiction in the sacrament of
penance, by which Catholics believe the sins of the truly penitent
are forgiven.

Note: In the English and other Protestant churches, this act regarded
as simply declaratory, not as imparting forgiveness.

4. (Eccl.)

Defn: An absolving from ecclesiastical penalties, -- for example,
excommunication. P. Cyc.

5. The form of words by which a penitent is absolved. Shipley.

6. Delivery, in speech. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Absolution day (R. C. Ch.),
Tuesday before Easter.

ABSOLUTISM
Ab"so*lu`tism, n.

1. The state of being absolute; the system or doctrine of the
absolute; the principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary
government; despotism.
The element of absolutism and prelacy was controlling. Palfrey.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: Doctrine of absolute decrees. Ash.

ABSOLUTIST
Ab"so*lu`tist, n.

1. One who is in favor of an absolute or autocratic government.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: One who believes that it is possible to realize a cognition or
concept of the absolute. Sir. W. Hamilton.

ABSOLUTIST
Ab"so*lu`tist, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to absolutism; arbitrary; despotic; as,
absolutist principles.

ABSOLUTISTIC
Ab`so*lu*tis"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to absolutism; absolutist.

ABSOLUTORY
Ab*sol"u*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. absolutorius, fr. absolvere to absolve.]

Defn: Serving to absolve; absolving. "An absolutory sentence."
Ayliffe.

ABSOLVABLE
Ab*solv"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be absolved.

ABSOLVATORY
Ab*solv"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Conferring absolution; absolutory.

ABSOLVE
Ab*solve" (#; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Absolved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Absolving.] Etym: [L. absolvere to set free, to absolve; ab + solvere
to loose. See Assoil, Solve.]

1. To set free, or release, as from some obligation, debt, or
responsibility, or from the consequences of guilt or such ties as it
would be sin or guilt to violate; to pronounce free; as, to absolve a
subject from his allegiance; to absolve an offender, which amounts to
an acquittal and remission of his punishment.
Halifax was absolved by a majority of fourteen. Macaulay.

2. To free from a penalty; to pardon; to remit (a sin); -- said of
the sin or guilt.
In his name I absolve your perjury. Gibbon.

3. To finish; to accomplish. [Obs.]
The work begun, how soon absolved. Milton.

4. To resolve or explain. [Obs.] "We shall not absolve the doubt."
Sir T. Browne.

Syn.
 -- To Absolve, Exonerate, Acquit. We speak of a man as absolved from
something that binds his conscience, or involves the charge of
wrongdoing; as, to absolve from allegiance or from the obligation of
an oath, or a promise. We speak of a person as exonerated, when he is
released from some burden which had rested upon him; as, to exonerate
from suspicion, to exonerate from blame or odium. It implies a purely
moral acquittal. We speak of a person as acquitted, when a decision
has been made in his favor with reference to a specific charge,
either by a jury or by disinterested persons; as, he was acquitted of
all participation in the crime.

ABSOLVENT
Ab*solv"ent, a. Etym: [L. absolvens, p. pr. of absolvere.]

Defn: Absolving. [R.] Carlyle.

ABSOLVENT
Ab*solv"ent, n.

Defn: An absolver. [R.] Hobbes.

ABSOLVER
Ab*solv"er, n.

Defn: One who absolves. Macaulay.

ABSONANT
Ab"so*nant, a. Etym: [L. ab + sonans, p. pr. of sonare to sound.]

Defn: Discordant; contrary; -- opposed to consonant. "Absonant to
nature." Quarles.

ABSONOUS
Ab"so*nous, a. Etym: [L. absonus; ab + sonus sound.]

Defn: Discordant; inharmonious; incongruous. [Obs.] "Absonous to our
reason." Glanvill.

ABSORB
Ab*sorb", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Absorbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Absorbing.]
Etym: [L. absorbere; ab + sorbere to suck in, akin to Gr. absorber.]

1. To swallow up; to engulf; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as
if by swallowing up; to use up; to include. "Dark oblivion soon
absorbs them all." Cowper.
The large cities absorb the wealth and fashion. W. Irving.

2. To suck up; to drink in; to imbibe; as a sponge or as the lacteals
of the body. Bacon.

3. To engross or engage wholly; to occupy fully; as, absorbed in
study or the pursuit of wealth.

4. To take up by cohesive, chemical, or any molecular action, as when
charcoal absorbs gases. So heat, light, and electricity are absorbed
or taken up in the substances into which they pass. Nichol. p. 8

Syn.
 -- To Absorb, Engross, Swallow up, Engulf. These words agree in one
general idea, that of completely taking up. They are chiefly used in
a figurative sense and may be distinguished by a reference to their
etymology. We speak of a person as absorbed (lit., drawn in,
swallowed up) in study or some other employment of the highest
interest. We speak of a person as ebgrossed (lit., seized upon in the
gross, or wholly) by something which occupies his whole time and
thoughts, as the acquisition of wealth, or the attainment of honor.
We speak of a person (under a stronger image) as swallowed up and
lost in that which completely occupies his thoughts and feelings, as
in grief at the death of a friend, or in the multiplied cares of
life. We speak of a person as engulfed in that which (like a gulf)
takes in all his hopes and interests; as, engulfed in misery, ruin,
etc.
That grave question which had begun to absorb the Christian mind --
the marriage of the clergy. Milman.
Too long hath love engrossed Britannia's stage, And sunk to softness
all our tragic rage. Tickell.
Should not the sad occasion swallow up My other cares Addison.
And in destruction's river Engulf and swallow those. Sir P. Sidney.

ABSORBABILITY
Ab*sorb`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being absorbable. Graham (Chemistry).

ABSORBABLE
Ab*sorb"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. absorbable.]

Defn: Capable of being absorbed or swallowed up. Kerr.

ABSORBEDLY
Ab*sorb"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner as if wholly engrossed or engaged.

ABSORBENCY
Ab*sorb"en*cy, n.

Defn: Absorptiveness.

ABSORBENT
Ab*sorb"ent, a. Etym: [L. absorbens, p. pr. of absorbere.]

Defn: Absorbing; swallowing; absorptive. Absorbent ground (Paint.), a
ground prepared for a picture, chiefly with distemper, or water
colors, by which the oil is absorbed, and a brilliancy is imparted to
the colors.

ABSORBENT
Ab*sorb"ent, n.

1. Anything which absorbs.
The ocean, itself a bad absorbent of heat. Darwin.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Any substance which absorbs and neutralizes acid fluid in the
stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, etc.; also a substance e. g.,
iodine) which acts on the absorbent vessels so as to reduce enlarged
and indurated parts.

3. pl. (Physiol.)

Defn: The vessels by which the processes of absorption are carried
on, as the lymphatics in animals, the extremities of the roots in
plants.

ABSORBER
Ab*sorb"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, absorbs.

ABSORBING
Ab*sorb"ing, a.

Defn: Swallowing, engrossing; as, an absorbing pursuit.
 -- Ab*sorb"ing, adv.

ABSORBITION
Ab`sor*bi"tion, n.

Defn: Absorption. [Obs.]

ABSORPT
Ab*sorpt`, a. Etym: [L. absorptus, p. p.]

Defn: Absorbed. [Arcahic.] "Absorpt in care." Pope.

ABSORPTION
Ab*sorp"tion, n. Etym: [L. absorptio, fr. absorbere. See Absorb.]

1. The act or process of absorbing or sucking in anything, or of
being absorbed and made to disappear; as, the absorption of bodies in
a whirlpool, the absorption of a smaller tribe into a larger.

2. (Chem. & Physics)

Defn: An imbibing or reception by molecular or chemical action; as,
the absorption of light, heat, electricity, etc.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: In living organisms, the process by which the materials of
growth and nutrition are absorbed and conveyed to the tissues and
organs.

4. Entire engrossment or occupation of the mind; as, absorption in
some employment.

ABSORPTIVE
Ab*sorp"tive, a.

Defn: Having power, capacity, or tendency to absorb or imbibe. E.
Darwin.

ABSORPTIVENESS
Ab*sorp"tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being absorptive; absorptive power.

ABSORPTIVITY
Ab`sorp*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: Absorptiveness.

ABSQUATULATE
Ab*squat"u*late, v. i.

Defn: To take one's self off; to decamp. [A jocular word. U. S.]

ABSQUE HOC
Abs"que hoc

Defn: . Etym: [L., without this.] (Law) The technical words of denial
used in traversing what has been alleged, and is repeated.

ABSTAIN
Ab*stain", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Abstained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Abstaining.] Etym: [OE. absteynen, abstenen, OF. astenir, abstenir,
F. abstenir, fr. L. abstinere, abstentum, v. t. & v. i., to keep
from; ab, abs + tenere to hold. See Tenable.]

Defn: To hold one's self aloof; to forbear or refrain voluntarily,
and especially from an indulgence of the passions or appetites; --
with from.
Not a few abstained from voting. Macaulay.
Who abstains from meat that is not gaunt Shak.

Syn.
 -- To refrain; forbear; withhold; deny one's self; give up;
relinquish.

ABSTAIN
Ab*stain", v. t.

Defn: To hinder; to withhold.
Whether he abstain men from marrying. Milton.

ABSTAINER
Ab*stain"er, n.

Defn: One who abstains; esp., one who abstains from the use of
intoxicating liquors.

ABSTEMIOUS
Ab*ste"mi*ous, a. Etym: [L. abstemius; ab, abs + root of temetum
intoxicating drink.]

1. Abstaining from wine. [Orig. Latin sense.]
Under his special eye Abstemious I grew up and thrived amain. Milton.

2. Sparing in diet; refraining from a free use of food and strong
drinks; temperate; abstinent; sparing in the indulgence of the
appetite or passions.
Instances of longevity are chiefly among the abstemious. Arbuthnot.

3. Sparingly used; used with temperance or moderation; as, an
abstemious diet. Gibbon.

4. Marked by, or spent in, abstinence; as, an abstemious life. "One
abstemious day." Pope.

5. Promotive of abstemiousness. [R.]
Such is the virtue of the abstemious well. Dryden.

ABSTEMIOUSNESS
Ab*ste"mi*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being abstemious, temperate, or sparing in the
use of food and strong drinks. It expresses a greater degree of
abstinence than temperance.

ABSTENTION
Ab*sten"tion, a. Etym: [F. See Abstain.]

Defn: The act of abstaining; a holding aloof. Jer. Taylor.

ABSTENTIOUS
Ab*sten"tious, a.

Defn: Characterized by abstinence; self-restraining. Farrar.

ABSTERGE
Ab*sterge, v. t. Etym: [L. abstergere, abstersum; ab, abs + tergere
to wipe. Cf. F absterger.]

Defn: To make clean by wiping; to wipe away; to cleanse; hence, to
purge. [R.] Quincy.

ABSTERGENT
Ab*ster"gent, a. Etym: [L. abstergens, p. pr. of abstergere.]

Defn: Serving to cleanse, detergent.

ABSTERGENT
Ab*ster"gent, n.

Defn: A substance used in cleansing; a detergent; as, soap is an
abstergent.

ABSTERSE
Ab*sterse", v. t.

Defn: To absterge; to cleanse; to purge away. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ABSTERSION
Ab*ster"sion, n. Etym: [F. abstersion. See Absterge.]

Defn: Act of wiping clean; a cleansing; a purging.
The task of ablution and abstersion being performed. Sir W. Scott.

ABSTERSIVE
Ab*ster"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. abstersif. See Absterge.]

Defn: Cleansing; purging. Bacon.

ABSTERSIVE
Ab*ster"sive, n.

Defn: Something cleansing.
The strong abstersive of some heroic magistrate. Milton.

ABSTERSIVENESS
Ab*ster"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being abstersive. Fuller.

ABSTINENCE
Ab"sti*nence, n. Etym: [F. abstinence, L. abstinentia, fr. abstinere.
See Abstain.]

1. The act or practice of abstaining; voluntary forbearance of any
action, especially the refraining from an indulgence of appetite, or
from customary gratifications of animal or sensual propensities.
Specifically, the practice of abstaining from intoxicating beverages,
-- called also total abstinence.
The abstinence from a present pleasure that offers itself is a pain,
nay, oftentimes, a very great one. Locke.

2. The practice of self-denial by depriving one's self of certain
kinds of food or drink, especially of meat.
Penance, fasts, and abstinence, To punish bodies for the soul's
offense. Dryden.

ABSTINENCY
Ab"sti*nen*cy, n.

Defn: Abstinence. [R.]

ABSTINENT
Ab"sti*nent, a. Etym: [F. abstinent, L. abstinens, p. pr. of
abstinere. See Abstain.]

Defn: Refraining from indulgence, especially from the indulgence of
appetite; abstemious; continent; temperate. Beau. & Fl.

ABSTINENT
Ab"sti*nent, n.

1. One who abstains.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect who appeared in France and Spain in the 3d
century.

ABSTINENTLY
Ab"sti*nent*ly, adv.

Defn: With abstinence.

ABSTORTED
Ab*stort"ed, a. Etym: [As if fr. abstort, fr. L. ab, abs + tortus, p.
p. of torquere to twist.]

Defn: Wrested away. [Obs.] Bailey.

ABSTRACT
Ab"stract` (#; 277), a. Etym: [L. abstractus, p. p. of abstrahere to
draw from, separate; ab, abs + trahere to draw. See Trace.]

1. Withdraw; separate. [Obs.]
The more abstract . . . we are from the body. Norris.

2. Considered apart from any application to a particular object;
separated from matter; exiting in the mind only; as, abstract truth,
abstract numbers. Hence: ideal; abstruse; difficult.

3. (Logic)
(a) Expressing a particular property of an object viewed apart from
the other properties which constitute it; -- opposed to Ant:
concrete; as, honesty is an abstract word. J. S. Mill.
(b) Resulting from the mental faculty of abstraction; general as
opposed to particular; as, "reptile" is an abstract or general name.
Locke.
A concrete name is a name which stands for a thing; an abstract name
which stands for an attribute of a thing. A practice has grown up in
more modern times, which, if not introduced by Locke, has gained
currency from his example, of applying the expression "abstract name"
to all names which are the result of abstraction and generalization,
and consequently to all general names, instead of confining it to the
names of attributes. J. S. Mill.

4. Abstracted; absent in mind. "Abstract, as in a trance." Milton. An
abstract idea (Metaph.), an idea separated from a complex object, or
from other ideas which naturally accompany it; as the solidity of
marble when contemplated apart from its color or figure.
 -- Abstract terms, those which express abstract ideas, as beauty,
whiteness, roundness, without regarding any object in which they
exist; or abstract terms are the names of orders, genera or species
of things, in which there is a combination of similar qualities.
 -- Abstract numbers (Math.), numbers used without application to
things, as 6, 8, 10; but when applied to any thing, as 6 feet, 10
men, they become concrete.
 -- Abstract or Pure mathematics. See Mathematics.

ABSTRACT
Ab*stract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abstracted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Abstracting.] Etym: [See Abstract, a.]

1. To withdraw; to separate; to take away.
He was incapable of forming any opinion or resolution abstracted from
his own prejudices. Sir W. Scott.

2. To draw off in respect to interest or attention; as, his was
wholly abstracted by other objects.
The young stranger had been abstracted and silent. Blackw. Mag.

3. To separate, as ideas, by the operation of the mind; to consider
by itself; to contemplate separately, as a quality or attribute.
Whately.

4. To epitomize; to abridge. Franklin.

5. To take secretly or dishonestly; to purloin; as, to abstract goods
from a parcel, or money from a till.
Von Rosen had quietly abstracted the bearing-reins from the harness.
W. Black.

6. (Chem.)

Defn: To separate, as the more volatile or soluble parts of a
substance, by distillation or other chemical processes. In this sense
extract is now more generally used.

ABSTRACT
Ab*stract", v. t.

Defn: To perform the process of abstraction. [R.]
I own myself able to abstract in one sense. Berkeley.

ABSTRACT
Ab"stract`, n. Etym: [See Abstract, a.]

1. That which comprises or concentrates in itself the essential
qualities of a larger thing or of several things. Specifically: A
summary or an epitome, as of a treatise or book, or of a statement; a
brief.
An abstract of every treatise he had read. Watts.
Man, the abstract Of all perfection, which the workmanship Of Heaven
hath modeled. Ford.

2. A state of separation from other things; as, to consider a subject
in the abstract, or apart from other associated things.

3. An abstract term.
The concretes "father" and "son" have, or might have, the abstracts
"paternity" and "filiety." J. S. Mill.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A powdered solid extract of a vegetable substance mixed with
sugar of milk in such proportion that one part of the abstract
represents two parts of the original substance. Abstract of title
(Law), an epitome of the evidences of ownership.

Syn.
 -- Abridgment; compendium; epitome; synopsis. See Abridgment.

ABSTRACTED
Ab*stract"ed, a.

1. Separated or disconnected; withdrawn; removed; apart.
The evil abstracted stood from his own evil. Milton.

2. Separated from matter; abstract; ideal. [Obs.]

3. Abstract; abstruse; difficult. [Obs.] Johnson.

4. Inattentive to surrounding objects; absent in mind. "An abstracted
scholar." Johnson.

ABSTRACTEDLY
Ab*stract"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In an abstracted manner; separately; with absence of mind.

ABSTRACTEDNESS
Ab*stract"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being abstracted; abstract character.

ABSTRACTER
Ab*stract"er, n.

Defn: One who abstracts, or makes an abstract.

ABSTRACTION
Ab*strac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. abstraction. See Abstract, a.]

1. The act of abstracting, separating, or withdrawing, or the state
of being withdrawn; withdrawal.
A wrongful abstraction of wealth from certain members of the
community. J. S. Mill.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: The act process of leaving out of consideration one or more
properties of a complex object so as to attend to others; analysis.
Thus, when the mind considers the form of a tree by itself, or the
color of the leaves as separate from their size or figure, the act is
called abstraction. So, also, when it considers whiteness, softness,
virtue, existence, as separate from any particular objects.

Note: Abstraction is necessary to classification, by which things are
arranged in genera and species. We separate in idea the qualities of
certain objects, which are of the same kind, from others which are
different, in each, and arrange the objects having the same
properties in a class, or collected body.
Abstraction is no positive act: it is simply the negative of
attention. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. An idea or notion of an abstract, or theoretical nature; as, to
fight for mere abstractions.

4. A separation from worldly objects; a recluse life; as, a hermit's
abstraction.

5. Absence or absorption of mind; inattention to present objects.

6. The taking surreptitiously for one's own use part of the property
of another; purloining. [Modern]

7. (Chem.)

Defn: A separation of volatile parts by the act of distillation.
Nicholson.

ABSTRACTIONAL
Ab*strac"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to abstraction.

ABSTRACTIONIST
Ab*strac"tion*ist, n.

Defn: An idealist. Emerson.

ABSTRACTITIOUS
Ab`strac*ti"tious, a.

Defn: Obtained from plants by distillation. [Obs.] Crabb.

ABSTRACTIVE
Ab*strac"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. abstractif.]

Defn: Having the power of abstracting; of an abstracting nature. "The
abstractive faculty." I. Taylor.

ABSTRACTIVELY
Ab*strac"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a abstract manner; separately; in or by itself. Feltham.

ABSTRACTIVENESS
Ab*strac"tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being abstractive; abstractive property.

ABSTRACTLY
Ab"stract`ly (#; 277), adv.

Defn: In an abstract state or manner; separately; absolutely; by
itself; as, matter abstractly considered.

ABSTRACTNESS
Ab"stract`ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being abstract. "The abstractness of the ideas."
Locke.

ABSTRINGE
Ab*stringe", v. t. Etym: [L ab + stringere, strictum, to press
together.]

Defn: To unbind. [Obs.] Bailey.

ABSTRUDE
Ab*strude", v. t. Etym: [L. abstrudere. See Abstruse.]

Defn: To thrust away. [Obs.] Johnson.

ABSTRUSE
Ab*struse", a. Etym: [L. abstrusus, p. p. of abstrudere to thrust
away, conceal; ab, abs + trudere to thrust; cf. F. abstrus. See
Threat.]

1. Concealed or hidden out of the way. [Obs.]
The eternal eye whose sight discerns Abstrusest thoughts. Milton.

2. Remote from apprehension; difficult to be comprehended or
understood; recondite; as, abstruse learning.
Profound and abstruse topics. Milman.

ABSTRUSELY
Ab*struse"ly, adv.

Defn: In an abstruse manner.

ABSTRUSENESS
Ab*struse"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being abstruse; difficulty of apprehension.
Boyle.

ABSTRUSION
Ab*stru"sion, n. Etym: [L. abstrusio. See Abstruse.]

Defn: The act of thrusting away. [R.] Ogilvie.

ABSTRUSITY
Ab*stru"si*ty, n.

Defn: Abstruseness; that which is abstruse. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

ABSUME
Ab*sume", v. t. Etym: [L. absumere, absumptum; ab + sumere to take.]

Defn: To consume gradually; to waste away. [Obs.] Boyle.

ABSUMPTION
Ab*sump"tion (#; 215), n. Etym: [L. absumptio. See Absume.]

Defn: Act of wasting away; a consuming; extinction. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

ABSURD
Ab*surd", a. Etym: [L. absurdus harsh-sounding; ab + (prob) a
derivative fr. a root svar to sound; not connected with surd: cf. F.
absurde. See Syringe.]

Defn: Contrary to reason or propriety; obviously and fiatly opposed
to manifest truth; inconsistent with the plain dictates of common
sense; logically contradictory; nonsensical; ridiculous; as, an
absurd person, an absurd opinion; an absurd dream.
This proffer is absurd and reasonless. Shak.
'This phrase absurd to call a villain great. Pope.
p. 9

Syn.
 -- Foolish; irrational; ridiculous; preposterous; inconsistent;
incongruous.
 -- Absurd, Irrational, Foolish, Preposterous. Of these terms,
irrational is the weakest, denoting that which is plainly
inconsistent with the dictates of sound reason; as, an irrational
course of life. Foolish rises higher, and implies either a perversion
of that faculty, or an absolute weakness or fatuity of mind; as,
foolish enterprises. Absurd rises still higher, denoting that which
is plainly opposed to received notions of propriety and truth; as, an
absurd man, project, opinion, story, argument, etc. Preposterous
rises still higher, and supposes an absolute inversion in the order
of things; or, in plain terms, a "putting of the cart before the
horse;" as, a preposterous suggestion, preposterous conduct, a
preposterous regulation or law.

ABSURD
Ab*surd", n.

Defn: An absurdity. [Obs.] Pope.

ABSURDITY
Ab*surd"i*ty, n.; pl. Absurdities. Etym: [L. absurditas: cf. F.
absurdite.]

1. The quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth,
reason, or sound judgment. "The absurdity of the actual idea of an
infinite number." Locke.

2. That which is absurd; an absurd action; a logical contradiction.
His travels were full of absurdities. Johnson.

ABSURDLY
Ab*surd"ly, adv.

Defn: In an absurd manner.

ABSURDNESS
Ab*surd"ness, n.

Defn: Absurdity. [R.]

ABUNA
A*bu"na, n. Etym: [Eth. and Ar., our father.]

Defn: The Patriarch, or head of the Abyssinian Church.

ABUNDANCE
A*bun"dance, n. Etym: [OE. (h)abudaunce, abundance, F. abundance, F.
abondance, L. abundantia, fr. abundare. See Abound.]

Defn: An overflowing fullness; ample sufficiency; great plenty;
profusion; copious supply; superfluity; wealth: -- strictly
applicable to quantity only, but sometimes used of number.
It is lamentable to remember what abundance of noble blood hath been
shed with small benefit to the Christian state. Raleigh.

Syn.
 -- Exuberance; plenteousness; plenty; copiousness; overflow; riches;
affluence; wealth.
 -- Abundance, Plenty, Exuberance. These words rise upon each other
in expressing the idea of fullness. Plenty denotes a sufficiency to
supply every want; as, plenty of food, plenty of money, etc.
Abundance express more, and gives the idea of superfluity or excess;
as, abundance of riches, an abundance of wit and humor; often,
however, it only denotes plenty in a high degree. Exuberance rises
still higher, and implies a bursting forth on every side, producing
great superfluity or redundance; as, an exuberance of mirth, an
exuberance of animal spirits, etc.

ABUNDANT
A*bun"dant, a. Etym: [OE. (h)abundant, aboundant, F. abondant, fr. L.
abudans, p. pr. of abundare. See Abound.]

Defn: Fully sufficient; plentiful; in copious supply; -- followed by
in, rarely by with. "Abundant in goodness and truth." Exod. xxxiv. 6.
Abundant number (Math.), a number, the sum of whose aliquot parts
exceeds the number itself. Thus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, the aliquot parts of
12, make the number 16. This is opposed to a deficient number, as 14,
whose aliquot parts are 1, 2, 7, the sum of which is 10; and to a
perfect number, which is equal to the sum of its aliquot parts, as 6,
whose aliquot parts are 1, 2., 3.

Syn.
 -- Ample; plentiful; copious; plenteous; exuberant; overflowing;
rich; teeming; profuse; bountiful; liberal. See Ample.

ABUNDANTLY
A*bun"dant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sufficient degree; fully; amply; plentifully; in large
measure.

ABURST
A*burst", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + burst.]

Defn: In a bursting condition.

ABUSABLE
A*bus"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be abused.

ABUSAGE
A*bus"age, n.

Defn: Abuse. [Obs.] Whately (1634).

ABUSE
A*buse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abused; p. pr. & vb. n. Abusing.] Etym:
[F. abuser; L. abusus, p. p. of abuti to abuse, misuse; ab + uti to
use. See Use.]

1. To put to a wrong use; to misapply; to misuse; to put to a bad
use; to use for a wrong purpose or end; to pervert; as, to abuse
inherited gold; to make an excessive use of; as, to abuse one's
authority.
This principle (if one may so abuse the word) shoots rapidly into
popularity. Froude.

2. To use ill; to maltreat; to act injuriously to; to punish or to
tax excessively; to hurt; as, to abuse prisoners, to abuse one's
powers, one's patience.

3. To revile; to reproach coarsely; to disparage.
The . . . tellers of news abused the general. Macaulay.

4. To dishonor. "Shall flight abuse your name" Shak.

5. To violate; to ravish. Spenser.

6. To deceive; to impose on. [Obs.]
Their eyes red and staring, cozened with a moist cloud, and abused by
a double object. Jer. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- To maltreat; injure; revile; reproach; vilify; vituperate;
asperse; traduce; malign.

ABUSE
A*buse", n. Etym: [F. abus, L. abusus, fr. abuti. See Abuse, v. t.]

1. Improper treatment or use; application to a wrong or bad purpose;
misuse; as, an abuse of our natural powers; an abuse of civil rights,
or of privileges or advantages; an abuse of language.
Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty, as well as by the
abuses of power. Madison.

2. Physical ill treatment; injury. "Rejoice . . . at the abuse of
Falstaff." Shak.

3. A corrupt practice or custom; offense; crime; fault; as, the
abuses in the civil service.
Abuse after disappeared without a struggle.. Macaulay.

4. Vituperative words; coarse, insulting speech; abusive language;
virulent condemnation; reviling.
The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of abuse, came to
blows. Macaulay.

5. Violation; rape; as, abuse of a female child. [Obs.]
Or is it some abuse, and no such thing Shak.
Abuse of distress (Law), a wrongful using of an animal or chattel
distrained, by the distrainer.

Syn.
 -- Invective; contumely; reproach; scurrility; insult; opprobrium.
 -- Abuse, Invective. Abuse is generally prompted by anger, and
vented in harsh and unseemly words. It is more personal and coarse
than invective. Abuse generally takes place in private quarrels;
invective in writing or public discussions. Invective may be conveyed
in refined language and dictated by indignation against what is
blameworthy. C. J. Smith.

ABUSEFUL
A*buse"ful, a.

Defn: Full of abuse; abusive. [R.] "Abuseful names." Bp. Barlow.

ABUSER
A*bus"er, n.

Defn: One who abuses [in the various senses of the verb].

ABUSION
A*bu"sion, n. Etym: [OE. abusion, abusioun, OF. abusion, fr. L.
abusio misuse of words, f. abuti. See Abuse, v. t.]

Defn: Evil or corrupt usage; abuse; wrong; reproach; deception;
cheat. Chaucer.

ABUSIVE
A*bu"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. abusif, fr. L. abusivus.]

1. Wrongly used; perverted; misapplied.
I am . . . necessitated to use the word Parliament improperly,
according to the abusive acceptation thereof. Fuller.

2. Given to misusing; also, full of abuses. [Archaic] "The abusive
prerogatives of his see." Hallam.

3. Practicing abuse; prone to ill treat by coarse, insulting words or
by other ill usage; as, an abusive author; an abusive fellow.

4. Containing abuse, or serving as the instrument of abuse;
vituperative; reproachful; scurrilous. "An abusive lampoon." Johnson.

5. Tending to deceive; fraudulent; cheating. [Obs.] "An abusive
treaty." Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Reproachful; scurrilous; opprobrious; insolent; insulting;
injurious; offensive; reviling.

ABUSIVELY
A*bu"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an abusive manner; rudely; with abusive language.

ABUSIVENESS
A*bu"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being abusive; rudeness of language, or violence
to the person.
Pick out mirth, like stones out of thy ground, Profaneness,
filthiness, abusiveness. Herbert.

ABUT
A*but", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Abutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Abutting.] Etym:
[OF. abouter, aboter; cf. F. aboutir, and also abuter; a (L. ad) +
OF. boter, buter, to push: cf. F. bout end, and but end, purpose.]

Defn: To project; to terminate or border; to be contiguous; to meet;
-- with on, upon, or against; as, his land abuts on the road.

ABUTILON
A*bu"ti*lon, n. Etym: [Ar. aubutilun.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of malvaceous plants of many species, found in the
torrid and temperate zones of both continents; -- called also Indian
mallow.

ABUTMENT
A*but"ment, n.

1. State of abutting.

2. That on or against which a body abuts or presses; as
(a) (Arch.) The solid part of a pier or wall, etc., which receives
the thrust or lateral pressure of an arch, vault, or strut. Gwilt.
(b) (mech.) A fixed point or surface from which resistance or
reaction is obtained, as the cylinder head of a steam engine, the
fulcrum of a lever, etc.
(c) In breech-loading firearms, the block behind the barrel which
receives the pressure due to recoil.

ABUTTAL
A*but"tal, n.

Defn: The butting or boundary of land, particularly at the end; a
headland. Spelman.

ABUTTER
A*but"ter, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, abuts. Specifically, the owner of a
contiguous estate; as, the abutters on a street or a river.

ABUZZ
A*buzz", a. Etym: [Pref. a- + buzz.]

Defn: In a buzz; buzzing. [Colloq.] Dickens.

ABY; ABYE
A*by", A*bye", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Abought.] Etym: [AS. abycgan
to pay for; pref. a- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning out) +
bycgan to buy. See Buy, and cf. Abide.]

1. To pay for; to suffer for; to atone for; to make amends for; to
give satisfaction. [Obs.]
Lest to thy peril thou aby it dear. Shak.

2. To endure; to abide. [Obs.]
But nought that wanteth rest can long aby. Spenser.

ABYSM
A*bysm", n. Etym: [OF. abisme; F. abime, LL. abyssimus, a superl. of
L. abyssus; Gr. Abyss.]

Defn: An abyss; a gulf. "The abysm of hell." Shak.

ABYSMAL
A*bys"mal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, an abyss; bottomless; unending;
profound.
Geology gives one the same abysmal extent of time that astronomy does
of space. Carlyle.

ABYSMALLY
A*bys"mal*ly, adv.

Defn: To a fathomless depth; profoundly. "Abysmally ignorant." G.
Eliot.

ABYSS
A*byss", n. Etym: [L. abyssus a bottomless gulf, fr. Gr.

1. A bottomless or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep,
immeasurable, and, specifically, hell, or the bottomless pit.
Ye powers and spirits of this nethermost abyss. Milton.
The throne is darkness, in the abyss of light. Dryden.

2. Infinite time; a vast intellectual or moral depth.
The abysses of metaphysical theology. Macaulay.
In unfathomable abysses of disgrace. Burke.

3. (Her.)

Defn: The center of an escutcheon.

Note: This word, in its leading uses, is associated with the
cosmological notions of the Hebrews, having reference to a supposed
illimitable mass of waters from which our earth sprung, and beneath
whose profound depths the wicked were punished. Encyc. Brit.

ABYSSAL
A*byss"al, a. Etym: [Cf. Abysmal.]

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, an abyss; unfathomable. Abyssal
zone (Phys. Geog.), one of the belts or zones into which Sir E.
Forbes divides the bottom of the sea in describing its plants,
animals, etc. It is the one furthest from the shore, embracing all
beyond one hundred fathoms deep. Hence, abyssal animals, plants, etc.

ABYSSINIAN
Ab`ys*sin"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Abyssinia. Abyssinian gold, an alloy of
90.74 parts of copper and 8.33 parts of zink. Ure.

ABYSSINIAN
Ab`ys*sin"i*an, n.

1. A native of Abyssinia.

2. A member of the Abyssinian Church.

ACACIA
A*ca"ci*a, n. (Antiq.)

Defn: A roll or bag, filled with dust, borne by Byzantine emperors,
as a memento of mortality. It is represented on medals.

ACACIA
A*ca"cia, n.; pl. E. Acacias, L. Acaciæ. Etym: [L. from Gr. ak to be
sharp. See Acute.]

1. A genus of leguminous trees and shrubs. Nearly 300 species are
Australian or Polynesian, and have terete or vertically compressed
leaf stalks, instead of the bipinnate leaves of the much fewer
species of America, Africa, etc. Very few are found in temperate
climates.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The inspissated juice of several species of acacia; -- called
also gum acacia, and gum arabic.

ACACIN; ACACINE
Ac"a*cin, Ac"a*cine, n.

Defn: Gum arabic.

ACADEME
Ac`a*deme", n. Etym: [L. academia. See Academy.]

Defn: An academy. [Poetic] Shak.

ACADEMIAL
Ac`a*de"mi*al, a.

Defn: Academic. [R.]

ACADEMIAN
Ac`a*de"mi*an, n.

Defn: A member of an academy, university, or college.

ACADEMIC
Ac`a*dem"ic, n.

1. One holding the philosophy of Socrates and Plato; a Platonist.
Hume.

2. A member of an academy, college, or university; an academician.

ACADEMIC; ACADEMICAL
Ac`a*dem"ic, Ac`a*dem"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. academicus: cf. F.
académigue. See Academy.]

1. Belonging to the school or philosophy of Plato; as, the Academic
sect or philosophy.

2. Belonging to an academy or other higher institution of learning;
scholarly; literary or classical, in distinction from scientific.
"Academic courses." Warburton. "Academical study." Berkeley.

ACADEMICALLY
Ac`a*dem`ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an academical manner.

ACADEMICALS
Ac`a*dem"ic*als, n. pl.

Defn: The articles of dress prescribed and worn at some colleges and
universities.

ACADEMICIAN
Ac`a*de*mi"cian (#; 277), n. Etym: [F. académicien. See Academy.]

1. A member of an academy, or society for promoting science, art, or
literature, as of the French Academy, or the Royal Academy of arts.

2. A collegian. [R.] Chesterfield.

ACADEMICISM
Ac`a*dem"i*cism, n.

1. A tenet of the Academic philosophy.

2. A mannerism or mode peculiar to an academy.

ACADEMISM
A*cad"e*mism, n.

Defn: The doctrines of the Academic philosophy. [Obs.] Baxter.

ACADEMIST
A*cad"e*mist, n. Etym: [F. academiste.]

1. An Academic philosopher.

2. An academician. [Obs.] Ray.

ACADEMY
A*cad"e*my, n.; pl. Academies. Etym: [F. académie, L. academia. Cf.
Academe.]

1. A garden or grove near Athens (so named from the hero Academus),
where Plato and his followers held their philosophical conferences;
hence, the school of philosophy of which Plato was head.

2. An institution for the study of higher learning; a college or a
university. Popularly, a school, or seminary of learning, holding a
rank between a college and a common school.

3. A place of training; a school. "Academies of fanaticism." Hume.

4. A society of learned men united for the advancement of the arts
and sciences, and literature, or some particular art or science; as,
the French Academy; the American Academy of Arts and Sciences;
academies of literature and philology.

5. A school or place of training in which some special art is taught;
as, the military academy at West Point; a riding academy; the Academy
of Music. Academy figure (Paint.), a drawing usually half life-size,
in crayon or pencil, after a nude model.

ACADIAN
A*ca"di*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Acadie, or Nova Scotia. "Acadian farmers."
Longfellow.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Acadie. Acadian epoch (Geol.), an epoch at the
beginning of the American paleozoic time, and including the oldest
American rocks known to be fossiliferous. See Geology.
 -- Acadian owl (Zoöl.), a small North American owl (Nyctule
Acadica); the saw-whet.

ACAJOU
Ac"a*jou, n. Etym: [F. See Cashew.] (Bot.)
(a) The cashew tree; also, its fruit. See Cashew.
(b) The mahogany tree; also, its timber.

ACALEPH; ACALEPHAN
Ac"a*leph, Ac`a*le"phan n.; pl. Acalephs, Acalephans. Etym: [See
Acalephæ.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Acalephæ.

ACALEPHAE
Ac`a*le"phæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

Defn: A group of Coelenterata, including the Medusæ or jellyfishes,
and hydroids; -- so called from the stinging power they possess.
Sometimes called sea nettles.

ACALEPHOID
Ac`ale"phoid, a. Etym: [Acaleph + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to or resembling the Acalephæ or jellyfishes.

ACALYCINE; ACALYSINOUS
A*cal"y*cine, Ac`a*lys`i*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Without a calyx, or outer floral envelope.

ACANTH
A*canth", n.

Defn: Same as Acanthus.

ACANTHA
A*can"tha, n. Etym: [Gr. Acute.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A prickle.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spine or prickly fin.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The vertebral column; the spinous process of a vertebra.
Dunglison.

ACANTHACEOUS
Ac"an*tha"ceous, a.

1. Armed with prickles, as a plant.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of which
the acanthus is the type.

ACANTHINE
A*can"thine, a. Etym: [L. acanthinus, Gr. Acanthus.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the plant acanthus.

ACANTHOCARPOUS
A*can`tho*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the fruit covered with spines.

ACANTHOCEPHALA
A*can`tho*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of intestinal worms, having the proboscis armed with
recurved spines.

ACANTHOCEPHALOUS
A*can`tho*ceph"a*lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a spiny head, as one of the Acanthocephala.

ACANTHOPHOROUS
Ac`an*thoph"o*rous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Spine-bearing. Gray.

ACANTHOPODIOUS
A*can`tho*po"di*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having spinous petioles.

ACANTHOPTERI
Ac`an*thop"ter*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of teleostean fishes having spiny fins. See
Acanthopterygii.

ACANTHOPTEROUS
Ac`an*thop"ter*ous, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Spiny-winged.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Acanthopterygious.

ACANTHOPTERYGIAN
Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the order of fishes having spinose fins, as the
perch.
 -- n.

Defn: A spiny-finned fish.

ACANTHOPTERYGII
Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes having some of the rays of the dorsal,
ventral, and anal fins unarticulated and spinelike, as the perch.

ACANTHOPTERYGIOUS
Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having fins in which the rays are hard and spinelike; spiny-
finned.

ACANTHUS
A*can"thus, n.; pl. E. Acanthuses, L. Acanthi. Etym: [L., from Gr.
Acantha.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbaceous prickly plants, found in the south of
Europe, Asia Minor, and India; bear's-breech.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornament resembling the foliage or leaves of the acanthus
(Acanthus spinosus); -- used in the capitals of the Corinthian and
Composite orders.

A CAPPELLA
A cap*pel"la. Etym: [It. See Chapel.] (Mus.)
(a) In church or chapel style; -- said of compositions sung in the
old church style, without instrumental accompaniment; as, a mass a
capella, i. e., a mass purely vocal.
(b) A time indication, equivalent to alla breve.

ACAPSULAR
A*cap"su*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + capsular.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having no capsule.

ACARDIAC
A*car"di*ac, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Without a heart; as, an acardiac fetus.

ACARIDAN
A*car"i*dan, n. Etym: [See Acarus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of arachnids, including the mites and ticks.

ACARINA
Ac`a*ri"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The group of Arachnida which includes the mites and ticks. Many
species are parasitic, and cause diseases like the itch and mange.

ACARINE
Ac"a*rine, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or caused by acari or mites; as, acarine diseases.

ACAROID
Ac"a*roid, a. Etym: [NL., acarus a mite + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Shaped like or resembling a mite.

ACARPELLOUS
Ac`ar*pel"lous, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + carpel.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having no carpels.

ACARPOUS
A*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Not producing fruit; unfruitful.

ACARUS
Ac"a*rus, n.; pl. Acari. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus including many species of small mites.

ACATALECTIC
A*cat`a*lec"tic, a. Etym: [L. acatalecticus, Gr. (Pros.)

Defn: Not defective; complete; as, an acatalectic verse.
 -- n.

Defn: A verse which has the complete number of feet and syllables.

ACATALEPSY
A*cat"a*lep`sy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Incomprehensibility of things; the doctrine held by the ancient
Skeptic philosophers, that human knowledge never amounts to
certainty, but only to probability.

ACATALEPTIC
A*cat`a*lep"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Incapable of being comprehended; incomprehensible.

ACATER
A*ca"ter, n.

Defn: See Caterer. [Obs.]

ACATES
A*cates", n. pl.

Defn: See Cates. [Obs.]

ACAUDATE
A*cau"date, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + caudate.]

Defn: Tailless.

ACAULESCENT
Ac`au*les"cent, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + caulescent.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having no stem or caulis, or only a very short one concealed in
the ground. Gray.

ACAULINE
A*cau"line, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + cauline.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Acaulescent.

ACAULOSE; ACAULOUS
A*cau"lose, A*cau"lous, a. Etym: [Gr. caulis stalk. See Cole.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Acaulescent.

ACCADIAN
Ac*ca"di*an, a. Etym: [From the city Accad. See Gen. x. 10.]

Defn: Pertaining to a race supposed to have lived in Babylonia before
the Assyrian conquest.
 -- Ac*ca"di*an, n., Ac"cad, n. Sayce.

ACCEDE
Ac*cede", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Acceded; p. pr. & vb. n. Acceding.]
Etym: [L. accedere to approach, accede; ad + cedere to move, yield:
cf. F. accédere. See Cede.]

1. To approach; to come forward; -- opposed to recede. [Obs.] T.
Gale.

2. To enter upon an office or dignity; to attain.
Edward IV., who had acceded to the throne in the year 1461. T.
Warton.
If Frederick had acceded to the supreme power. Morley.

3. To become a party by associating one's self with others; to give
one's adhesion. Hence, to agree or assent to a proposal or a view;
as, he acceded to my request.
The treaty of Hanover in 1725 . . . to which the Dutch afterwards
acceded. Chesterfield.

Syn.
 -- To agree; assent; consent; comply; acquiesce; concur.

ACCEDENCE
Ac*ced"ence, n.

Defn: The act of acceding.

ACCEDER
Ac*ced"er, n.

Defn: One who accedes.

ACCELERANDO
Ac*cel`er*an"do, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Gradually accelerating the movement.

ACCELERATE
Ac*cel"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accelerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Accelerating.] Etym: [L. acceleratus, p. p. of accelerare; ad +
celerare to hasten; celer quick. See Celerity.]

1. To cause to move faster; to quicken the motion of; to add to the
speed of; -- opposed to retard.

2. To quicken the natural or ordinary progression or process of; as,
to accelerate the growth of a plant, the increase of wealth, etc.

3. To hasten, as the occurence of an event; as, to accelerate our
departure. Accelerated motion (Mech.), motion with a continually
increasing velocity.
 -- Accelerating force, the force which causes accelerated motion.
Nichol.

Syn.
 -- To hasten; expedite; quicken; dispatch; forward; advance;
further.

ACCELERATION
Ac*cel`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. acceleratio: cf. F. accélération.]

Defn: The act of accelerating, or the state of being accelerated;
increase of motion or action; as, a falling body moves toward the
earth with an acceleration of velocity; -- opposed to retardation.
A period of social improvement, or of intellectual advancement,
contains within itself a principle of acceleration. I. Taylor.
(Astr. & Physics.) Acceleration of the moon, the increase of the
moon's mean motion in its orbit, in consequence of which its period
of revolution is now shorter than in ancient times.
 -- Acceleration and retardation of the tides. See Priming of the
tides, under Priming.
 -- Diurnal acceleration of the fixed stars, the amount by which
their apparent diurnal motion exceeds that of the sun, in consequence
of which they daily come to the meridian of any place about three
minutes fifty-six seconds of solar time earlier than on the day
preceding.
 -- Acceleration of the planets, the increasing velocity of their
motion, in proceeding from the apogee to the perigee of their orbits.

ACCELERATIVE
Ac*cel"er*a*tive, a.

Defn: Relating to acceleration; adding to velocity; quickening. Reid.

ACCELERATOR
Ac*cel"er*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, accelerates. Also as an adj.; as,
accelerator nerves.

ACCELERATORY
Ac*cel"er*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Accelerative.

ACCELEROGRAPH
Ac*cel"er*o*graph, n. Etym: [Accelerate + -graph.] (Mil.)

Defn: An apparatus for studying the combustion of powder in guns,
etc.

ACCELEROMETER
Ac*cel`er*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Accelerate + -meter.]

Defn: An apparatus for measuring the velocity imparted by gunpowder.

ACCEND
Ac*cend", v. t. Etym: [L. accendere, accensum, to kindle; ad +
candère to kindle (only in compounds); rel. to candere to be white,
to gleam. See Candle.]

Defn: To set on fire; to kindle. [Obs.] Fotherby.

ACCENDIBILITY
Ac*cend`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capacity of being kindled, or of becoming inflamed;
inflammability.

ACCENDIBLE
Ac*cend"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being inflamed or kindled; combustible; inflammable.
Ure.

ACCENSION
Ac*cen"sion, n.

Defn: The act of kindling or the state of being kindled; ignition.
Locke.

ACCENSOR
Ac*cen"sor, n. Etym: [LL., from p. p. accensus. See Accend.] (R. C.
Ch.)

Defn: One of the functionaries who light and trim the tapers.

ACCENT
Ac"cent`, n. Etym: [F. accent, L. accentus; ad + cantus a singing,
canere to sing. See Cant.]

1. A superior force of voice or of articulative effort upon some
particular syllable of a word or a phrase, distinguishing it from the
others.

Note: Many English words have two accents, the primary and the
secondary; the primary being uttered with a greater stress of voice
than the secondary; as in as'pira''tion, where the chief stress is on
the third syllable, and a slighter stress on the first. Some words,
as an'tiap'o-plec''tic, in-com'pre-hen'si-bil''i-ty, have two
secondary accents. See Guide to Pron., tt 30-46.

2. A mark or character used in writing, and serving to regulate the
pronunciation; esp.: (a) a mark to indicate the nature and place of
the spoken accent; (b) a mark to indicate the quality of sound of the
vowel marked; as, the French accents.

Note: In the ancient Greek the acute accent (') meant a raised tone
or pitch, the grave (`), the level tone or simply the negation of
accent, the circumflex ( ~ or ^) a tone raised and then depressed. In
works on elocution, the first is often used to denote the rising
inflection of the voice; the second, the falling inflection; and the
third (^), the compound or waving inflection. In dictionaries,
spelling books, and the like, the acute accent is used to designate
the syllable which receives the chief stress of voice.

3. Modulation of the voice in speaking; manner of speaking or
pronouncing; peculiar or characteristic modification of the voice;
tone; as, a foreign accent; a French or a German accent. "Beguiled
you in a plain accent." Shak. "A perfect accent." Thackeray.
The tender accent of a woman's cry. Prior.

4. A word; a significant tone; (pl.) expressions in general; speech.
Winds! on your wings to Heaven her accents bear, Such words as Heaven
alone is fit to hear. Dryden.

5. (Pros.)

Defn: Stress laid on certain syllables of a verse.

6. (Mus.)
(a) A regularly recurring stress upon the tone to mark the beginning,
and, more feebly, the third part of the measure.
(b) A special emphasis of a tone, even in the weaker part of the
measure.
(c) The rythmical accent, which marks phrases and sections of a
period.
(d) The expressive emphasis and shading of a passage. J. S. Dwight.

7. (Math.)
(a) A mark placed at the right hand of a letter, and a little above
it, to distinguish magnitudes of a similar kind expressed by the same
letter, but differing in value, as y', y''.
(b) (Trigon.) A mark at the right hand of a number, indicating
minutes of a degree, seconds, etc.; as, 12'27'', i. e., twelve
minutes twenty seven seconds.
(c) (Engin.) A mark used to denote feet and inches; as, 6' 10'' is
six feet ten inches.

ACCENT
Ac*cent", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accented; p. pr. & vb. n. Accenting.]
Etym: [OF. accenter, F. accentuer.]

1. To express the accent of (either by the voice or by a mark); to
utter or to mark with accent.

2. To mark emphatically; to emphasize.

ACCENTLESS
Ac"cent`less, a.

Defn: Without accent.

ACCENTOR
Ac*cen"tor, n. Etym: [L. ad. + cantor singer, canere to sing.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: One who sings the leading part; the director or leader. [Obs.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of European birds (so named from their sweet notes),
including the hedge warbler. In America sometimes applied to the
water thrushes.

ACCENTUABLE
Ac*cen"tu*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being accented.

ACCENTUAL
Ac*cen"tu*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to accent; characterized or formed by accent.

ACCENTUALITY
Ac*cen`tu*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being accentual.

ACCENTUALLY
Ac*cen"tu*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an accentual manner; in accordance with accent.

ACCENTUATE
Ac*cen"tu*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accentuated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Accentuating.] Etym: [LL. accentuatus, p. p. of accentuare, fr. L.
accentus: cf. F. accentuer.]

1. To pronounce with an accent or with accents.

2. To bring out distinctly; to make prominent; to emphasize.
In Bosnia, the struggle between East and West was even more
accentuated. London Times.

3. To mark with the written accent.

ACCENTUATION
Ac*cen`tu*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. accentuatio: cf. F. accentuation.]

Defn: Act of accentuating; applications of accent. Specifically
(Eccles. Mus.),

Defn: pitch or modulation of the voice in reciting portions of the
liturgy.

ACCEPT
Ac*cept", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accepted; p. pr. & vb. n. Accepting.]
Etym: [F. accepter, L. acceptare, freq. of accipere; ad + capere to
take; akin to E. heave.]

1. To receive with a consenting mind (something offered); as, to
accept a gift; -- often followed by of.
If you accept them, then their worth is great. Shak.
To accept of ransom for my son. Milton.
She accepted of a treat. Addison.

2. To receive with favor; to approve.
The Lord accept thy burnt sacrifice. Ps. xx. 3.
Peradventure he will accept of me. Gen. xxxii. 20.

3. To receive or admit and agree to; to assent to; as, I accept your
proposal, amendment, or excuse.

4. To take by the mind; to understand; as, How are these words to be
accepted

5. (Com.)

Defn: To receive as obligatory and promise to pay; as, to accept a
bill of exchange. Bouvier.

6. In a deliberate body, to receive in acquittance of a duty imposed;
as, to accept the report of a committee. [This makes it the property
of the body, and the question is then on its adoption.] To accept a
bill (Law), to agree (on the part of the drawee) to pay it when due.
 -- To accept service (Law), to agree that a writ or process shall be
considered as regularly served, when it has not been.
 -- To accept the person (Eccl.), to show favoritism. "God accepteth
no man's person." Gal. ii. 6.

Syn.
 -- To receive; take; admit. See Receive.

ACCEPT
Ac*cept", a.

Defn: Accepted. [Obs.] Shak.

ACCEPTABILITY
Ac*cept`a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. acceptabilitas.]

Defn: The quality of being acceptable; acceptableness. "Acceptability
of repentance." Jer. Taylor.

ACCEPTABLE
Ac*cept"a*ble, a. Etym: [F. acceptable, L. acceptabilis, fr.
acceptare.]

Defn: Capable, worthy, or sure of being accepted or received with
pleasure; pleasing to a receiver; gratifying; agreeable; welcome; as,
an acceptable present, one acceptable to us.

ACCEPTABLENESS
Ac*cept"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being acceptable, or suitable to be favorably
received; acceptability.

ACCEPTABLY
Ac*cept"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an acceptable manner; in a manner to please or give
satisfaction.

ACCEPTANCE
Ac*cept"ance, n.

1. The act of accepting; a receiving what is offered, with
approbation, satisfaction, or acquiescence; esp., favorable
reception; approval; as, the acceptance of a gift, office, doctrine,
etc.
They shall come up with acceptance on mine altar. Isa. lx. 7.

2. State of being accepted; acceptableness. "Makes it assured of
acceptance." Shak.

3. (Com.)
(a) An assent and engagement by the person on whom a bill of exchange
is drawn, to pay it when due according to the terms of the
acceptance.
(b) The bill itself when accepted.

4. An agreeing to terms or proposals by which a bargain is concluded
and the parties are bound; the reception or taking of a thing bought
as that for which it was bought, or as that agreed to be delivered,
or the taking possession as owner.

5. (Law)

Defn: An agreeing to the action of another, by some act which binds
the person in law.

Note: What acts shall amount to such an acceptance is often a
question of great nicety and difficulty. Mozley & W.

Note: In modern law, proposal and acceptance are the constituent
elements into which all contracts are resolved. Acceptance of a bill
of exchange, check, draft, or order, is an engagement to pay it
according to the terms. This engagement is usually made by writing
the word "accepted" across the face of the bill. Acceptance of goods,
under the statute of frauds, is an intelligent acceptance by a party
knowing the nature of the transaction.

6. Meaning; acceptation. [Obs.] Acceptance of persons, partiality,
favoritism. See under Accept.

ACCEPTANCY
Ac*cept"an*cy, n.

Defn: Acceptance. [R.]
Here's a proof of gift, But here's no proof, sir, of acceptancy. Mrs.
Browning.

ACCEPTANT
Ac*cept"ant, a.

Defn: Accepting; receiving.

ACCEPTANT
Ac*cept"ant, n.

Defn: An accepter. Chapman.

ACCEPTATION
Ac`cep*ta"tion, n.

1. Acceptance; reception; favorable reception or regard; state of
being acceptable. [Obs.]
This is saying worthy of all acceptation. 1 Tim. i. 15.
Some things . . . are notwithstanding of so great dignity and
acceptation with God. Hooker.

2. The meaning in which a word or expression is understood, or
generally received; as, term is to be used according to its usual
acceptation.
My words, in common acceptation, Could never give this provocation.
Gay.

ACCEPTEDLY
Ac*cept"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a accepted manner; admittedly.

ACCEPTER
Ac*cept"er, n.

1. A person who accepts; a taker.

2. A respecter; a viewer with partiality. [Obs.]
God is no accepter of persons. Chillingworth.

3. (Law)

Defn: An acceptor.

ACCEPTILATION
Ac*cep`ti*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. acceptilatio entry of a debt
collected, acquittance, fr. p. p. of accipere (cf. Accept) + latio a
carrying, fr. latus, p. p. of ferre to carry: cf. F. acceptilation.]
(Civil Law)

Defn: Gratuitous discharge; a release from debt or obligation without
payment; free remission.

ACCEPTION
Ac*cep"tion, n. Etym: [L. acceptio a receiving, accepting: cf. F.
acception.]

Defn: Acceptation; the received meaning. [Obs.]
Here the word "baron" is not to be taken in that restrictive sense to
which the modern acception hath confined it. Fuller.
Acception of persons or faces (Eccl.), favoritism; partiality. [Obs.]
Wyclif.

ACCEPTIVE
Ac*cept"ive, a.

1. Fit for acceptance.

2. Ready to accept. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

ACCEPTOR
Ac*cept"or (#; 277), n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who accepts; specifically (Law & Com.),

Defn: one who accepts an order or a bill of exchange; a drawee after
he has accepted.

ACCESS
Ac*cess" (#; 277), n. Etym: [F. accès, L. accessus, fr. accedere. See
Accede.]

1. A coming to, or near approach; admittance; admission;
accessibility; as, to gain access to a prince.
I did repel his letters, and denied His access to me. Shak.

2. The means, place, or way by which a thing may be approached;
passage way; as, the access is by a neck of land. "All access was
thronged." Milton.

3. Admission to sexual intercourse.
During coverture, access of the husband shall be presumed, unless the
contrary be shown. Blackstone.

4. Increase by something added; addition; as, an access of territory.
[In this sense accession is more generally used.]
I, from the influence of thy looks, receive Access in every virtue.
Milton.

5. An onset, attack, or fit of disease.
The first access looked like an apoplexy. Burnet.

6. A paroxysm; a fit of passion; an outburst; as, an access of fury.
[A Gallicism]

ACCESSARILY
Ac*ces"sa*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of an accessary.

ACCESSARINESS
Ac*ces"sa*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being accessary.

ACCESSARY
Ac*ces"sa*ry (#; 277), a.

Defn: Accompanying, as a subordinate; additional; accessory; esp.,
uniting in, or contributing to, a crime, but not as chief actor. See
Accessory.
To both their deaths thou shalt be accessary. Shak.
Amongst many secondary and accessary causes that support monarchy,
these are not of least reckoning. Milton.

ACCESSARY
Ac*ces"sa*ry (277), n.; pl. Accessaries. Etym: [Cf. Accessory and LL.
accessarius.] (Law)

Defn: One who, not being present, contributes as an assistant or
instigator to the commission of an offense. Accessary before the fact
(Law), one who commands or counsels an offense, not being present at
its commission.
 -- Accessary after the fact, one who, after an offense, assists or
shelters the offender, not being present at the commission of the
offense.

Note: This word, as used in law, is spelt accessory by Blackstone and
many others; but in this sense is spelt accessary by Bouvier,
Burrill, Burns, Whishaw, Dane, and the Penny Cyclopedia; while in
other senses it is spelt accessory. In recent text-books on criminal
law the distinction is not preserved, the spelling being either
accessary or accessory.

ACCESSIBILITY
Ac*cess`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. accessibilitas: cf. F.
accessibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being accessible, or of admitting approach;
receptibility. Langhorne.

ACCESSIBLE
Ac*cess"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. accessibilis, fr. accedere: cf. F.
accessible. See Accede.]

1. Easy of access or approach; approachable; as, an accessible town
or mountain, an accessible person.

2. Open to the influence of; -- with to. "Minds accessible to
reason." Macaulay.

3. Obtainable; to be got at.
The best information . . . at present accessible. Macaulay.

ACCESSIBLY
Ac*cess"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In an accessible manner.

ACCESSION
Ac*ces"sion, n. Etym: [L. accessio, fr. accedere: cf. F. accession.
See Accede.]

1. A coming to; the act of acceding and becoming joined; as, a king's
accession to a confederacy.

2. Increase by something added; that which is added; augmentation
from without; as, an accession of wealth or territory.
The only accession which the Roman empire received was the province
of Britain. Gibbon.

3. (Law)
(a) A mode of acquiring property, by which the owner of a corporeal
substance which receives an addition by growth, or by labor, has a
right to the part or thing added, or the improvement (provided the
thing is not changed into a different species). Thus, the owner of a
cow becomes the owner of her calf.
(b) The act by which one power becomes party to engagements already
in force between other powers. Kent.

4. The act of coming to or reaching a throne, an office, or dignity;
as, the accession of the house of Stuart; -- applied especially to
the epoch of a new dynasty.

5. (Med.)

Defn: The invasion, approach, or commencement of a disease; a fit or
paroxysm.

Syn.
 -- Increase; addition; augmentation; enlargement.

ACCESSIONAL
Ac*ces"sion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to accession; additional. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

ACCESSIVE
Ac*ces"sive, a.

Defn: Additional.

ACCESSORIAL
Ac`ces*so"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an accessory; as, accessorial agency,
accessorial guilt.

ACCESSORILY
Ac*ces"so*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of an accessory; auxiliary.

ACCESSORINESS
Ac*ces"so*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being accessory, or connected subordinately.

ACCESSORY
Ac*ces"so*ry (#; 277), a. Etym: [L. accessorius. See Access, and cf.
Accessary.]

Defn: Accompanying as a subordinate; aiding in a secondary way;
additional; connected as an incident or subordinate to a principal;
contributing or contributory; said of persons and things, and, when
of persons, usually in a bad sense; as, he was accessory to the riot;
accessory sounds in music.

Note: Ash accents the antepenult; and this is not only more regular,
but preferable, on account of easiness of pronunciation. Most
orhoëpists place the accent on the first syllable.

Syn.
 -- Accompanying; contributory; auxiliary; subsidiary; subservient;
additional; acceding.

ACCESSORY
Ac*ces"so*ry, n.; pl. Accessories.

1. That which belongs to something else deemed the principal;
something additional and subordinate. "The aspect and accessories of
a den of banditti." Carlyle.

2. (Law)

Defn: Same as Accessary, n.

3. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Anything that enters into a work of art without being
indispensably necessary, as mere ornamental parts. Elmes.

Syn.
 -- Abettor; accomplice; ally; coadjutor. See Abettor.

ACCIACCATURA
Ac*ciac`ca*tu"ra, n. Etym: [It., from acciaccare to crush.] (Mus.)

Defn: A short grace note, one semitone below the note to which it is
prefixed; -- used especially in organ music. Now used as equivalent
to the short appoggiatura.

ACCIDENCE
Ac"ci*dence, n. Etym: [A corruption of Eng. accidents, pl. of
accident. See Accident, 2.]

1. The accidents, of inflections of words; the rudiments of grammar.
Milton.

2. The rudiments of any subject. Lowell.

ACCIDENT
Ac"ci*dent, n. Etym: [F. accident, fr. L. accidens, -dentis, p. pr.
of accidere to happen; ad + cadere to fall. See Cadence, Case.]

1. Literally, a befalling; an event that takes place without one's
foresight or expectation; an undesigned, sudden, and unexpected
event; chance; contingency; often, an undesigned and unforeseen
occurrence of an afflictive or unfortunate character; a casualty; a
mishap; as, to die by an accident.
Of moving accidents by flood and field. Shak.
Thou cam'st not to thy place by accident: It is the very place God
meant for thee. Trench.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A property attached to a word, but not essential to it, as
gender, number, case.

3. (Her.)

Defn: A point or mark which may be retained or omitted in a coat of
arms.

4. (Log.)
(a) A property or quality of a thing which is not essential to it, as
whiteness in paper; an attribute.
(b) A quality or attribute in distinction from the substance, as
sweetness, softness.

5. Any accidental property, fact, or relation; an accidental or
nonessential; as, beauty is an accident.
This accident, as I call it, of Athens being situated some miles from
the sea. J. P. Mahaffy.

6. Unusual appearance or effect. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Note: Accident, in Law, is equivalent to casus, or such unforeseen,
extraordinary, extraneous interference as is out of the range of
ordinary calculation.

ACCIDENTAL
Ac`ci*den"tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. accidentel, earlier accidental.]

1. Happening by chance, or unexpectedly; taking place not according
to the usual course of things; casual; fortuitous; as, an accidental
visit.

2. Nonessential; not necessary belonging; incidental; as, are
accidental to a play. Accidental chords (Mus.), those which contain
one or more tones foreign to their proper harmony.
 -- Accidental colors (Opt.), colors depending on the
hypersensibility of the retina of the eye for complementary colors.
They are purely subjective sensations of color which often result
from the contemplation of actually colored bodies.
 -- Accidental point (Persp.), the point in which a right line, drawn
from the eye, parallel to a given right line, cuts the perspective
plane; so called to distinguish it from the principal point, or point
of view, where a line drawn from the eye perpendicular to the
perspective plane meets this plane.
 -- Accidental lights (Paint.), secondary lights; effects of light
other than ordinary daylight, such as the rays of the sun darting
through a cloud, or between the leaves of trees; the effect of
moonlight, candlelight, or burning bodies. Fairholt.

Syn.
 -- Casual; fortuitous; contingent; occasional; adventitious.
 -- Accidental, Incidental, Casual, Fortuitous, Contingent. We speak
of a thing as accidental when it falls out as by chance, and not in
the regular course of things; as, an accidental meeting, an
accidental advantage, etc. We call a thing incidental when it falls,
as it were, into some regular course of things, but is secondary, and
forms no essential part thereof; as, an incremental remark, an
incidental evil, an incidental benefit. We speak of a thing as
casual, when it falls out or happens, as it were, by mere chance,
without being prearranged or premeditated; as, a casual remark or
encounter; a casual observer. An idea of the unimportant is attached
to what is casual. Fortuitous is applied to what occurs without any
known cause, and in opposition to what has been foreseen; as, a
fortuitous concourse of atoms. We call a thing contingent when it is
such that, considered in itself, it may or may not happen, but is
dependent for its existence on something else; as, the time of my
coming will be contingent on intelligence yet to be received.

ACCIDENTAL
Ac`ci*den"tal, n.

1. A property which is not essential; a nonessential; anything
happening accidentally.
He conceived it just that accidentals . . . should sink with the
substance of the accusation. Fuller.

2. pl. (Paint.)

Defn: Those fortuitous effects produced by luminous rays falling on
certain objects so that some parts stand forth in abnormal brightness
and other parts are cast into a deep shadow.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A sharp, flat, or natural, occurring not at the commencement of
a piece of music as the signature, but before a particular note.

ACCIDENTALISM
Ac`ci*den"tal*ism, n.

Defn: Accidental character or effect. Ruskin.

ACCIDENTALITY
Ac`ci*den*tal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being accidental; accidentalness. [R.]
Coleridge.

ACCIDENTALLY
Ac`ci*den"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: In an accidental manner; unexpectedly; by chance;
unintentionally; casually; fortuitously; not essentially.

ACCIDENTALNESS
Ac`ci*den"tal*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being accidental; casualness.

ACCIDIE
Ac"ci*die, n. Etym: [OF. accide, accidie, LL. accidia, acedia, fr.
Gr.

Defn: Sloth; torpor. [Obs.] "The sin of accidie." Chaucer.

ACCIPENSER
Ac`ci*pen"ser, n.

Defn: See Acipenser.

ACCIPIENT
Ac*cip"i*ent, n. Etym: [L. accipiens, p. pr. of accipere. See
Accept.]

Defn: A receiver. [R.] Bailey

ACCIPITER
Ac*cip"i*ter, n.; pl. E. Accipiters. L. Accipitres. Etym: [L., hawk.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of rapacious birds; one of the Accipitres or Raptores.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: A bandage applied over the nose, resembling the claw of a hawk.

ACCIPITRAL
Ac*cip"i*tral, n.

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a falcon or hawk; hawklike.
Lowell.

ACCIPITRES
Ac*cip"i*tres, n. pl. Etym: [L., hawks.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The order that includes rapacious birds. They have a hooked
bill, and sharp, strongly curved talons. There are three families,
represented by the vultures, the falcons or hawks, and the owls.

ACCIPITRINE
Ac*cip"i*trine (#; 277), a. Etym: [Cf. F. accipitrin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or belonging to the Accipitres; raptorial; hawklike.

ACCISMUS
Ac*cis"mus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: Affected refusal; coyness.

ACCITE
Ac*cite", v. t. Etym: [L. accitus, p. p. of accire, accere, to call
for; ad + ciere to move, call. See Cite.]

Defn: To cite; to summon. [Obs.]
Our heralds now accited all that were Endamaged by the Elians.
Chapman.

ACCLAIM
Ac*claim", v. t. Etym: [L. acclamare; ad + clamare to cry out. See
Claim, Clamor.] [R.]

1. To applaud. "A glad acclaiming train." Thomson.

2. To declare by acclamations.
While the shouting crowd Acclaims thee king of traitors. Smollett.

3. To shout; as, to acclaim my joy.

ACCLAIM
Ac*claim", v. i.

Defn: To shout applause.

ACCLAIM
Ac*claim", n.

Defn: Acclamation. [Poetic] Milton.

ACCLAIMER
Ac*claim"er, n.

Defn: One who acclaims.

ACCLAMATION
Ac`cla*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. acclamatio: cf. F. acclamation.]

1. A shout of approbation, favor, or assent; eager expression of
approval; loud applause.
On such a day, a holiday having been voted by acclamation, an
ordinary walk would not satisfy the children. Southey.

2. (Antiq.)

Defn: A representation, in sculpture or on medals, of people
expressing joy. Acclamation medals are those on which laudatory
acclamations are recorded. Elmes.

ACCLAMATORY
Ac*clam"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or expressing approval by, acclamation.

ACCLIMATABLE
Ac*cli"ma*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being acclimated.

ACCLIMATATION
Ac*cli`ma*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. acclimation. See Acclimate.]

Defn: Acclimatization.

ACCLIMATE
Ac*cli"mate (#; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acclimated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acclimating.] Etym: [F. acclimater; à (l. ad) + climat climate. See
Climate.]

Defn: To habituate to a climate not native; to acclimatize. J. H.
Newman.

ACCLIMATEMENT
Ac*cli"mate*ment, n.

Defn: Acclimation. [R.]

ACCLIMATION
Ac`cli*ma"tion, n.

Defn: The process of becoming, or the state of being, acclimated, or
habituated to a new climate; acclimatization.

ACCLIMATIZABLE
Ac*cli"ma*ti`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being acclimatized.

ACCLIMATIZATION
Ac*cli"ma*ti*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of acclimatizing; the process of inuring to a new
climate, or the state of being so inured. Darwin.

ACCLIMATIZE
Ac*cli"ma*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acclimatized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acclimatizing.]

Defn: To inure or habituate to a climate different from that which is
natural; to adapt to the peculiarities of a foreign or strange
climate; said of man, the inferior animals, or plants.

ACCLIMATURE
Ac*cli"ma*ture (#; 135), n.

Defn: The act of acclimating, or the state of being acclimated. [R.]
Caldwell.

ACCLIVE
Ac*clive", a.

Defn: Acclivous. [Obs.]

ACCLIVITOUS
Ac*cliv"i*tous, a.

Defn: Acclivous. I. Taylor.

ACCLIVITOUS
Ac*cliv"i*tous, a.

Defn: Acclivous.  I. Taylor.

ACCLIVITY
Ac*cliv"i*ty, n.; pl. Acclivities. Etym: [L. acclivitas, fr.
acclivis, acclivus, ascending; ad + clivus a hill, slope, fr. root
kli to lean. See Lean.]

Defn: A slope or inclination of the earth, as the side of a hill,
considered as ascending, in opposition to declivity, or descending;
an upward slope; ascent.

ACCLIVOUS
Ac*cli"vous (#; 277), a. Etym: [L. acclivis and acclivus.]

Defn: Sloping upward; rising as a hillside; -- opposed to declivous.

ACCLOY
Ac*cloy", v. t. Etym: [OF. encloyer, encloer, F. enclouer, to drive
in a nail, fr. L. in + clavus nail.]

Defn: To fill to satiety; to stuff full; to clog; to overload; to
burden. See Cloy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ACCOAST
Ac*coast", v. t. & i. Etym: [See Accost, Coast.]

Defn: To lie or sail along the coast or side of; to accost. [Obs.]
Whether high towering or accosting low. Spenser.

ACCOIL
Ac*coil", v. t. Etym: [OE. acoillir to receive, F. accueillir; L. ad
+ colligere to collect. See Coil.]

1. To gather together; to collect. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To coil together. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

ACCOLADE
Ac`co*lade" (#; 277), n. Etym: [F. accolade, It. accolata, fr.
accollare to embrace; L. ad + collum neck.]

1. A ceremony formerly used in conferring knighthood, consisting am
embrace, and a slight blow on the shoulders with the flat blade of a
sword.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A brace used to join two or more staves.

ACCOMBINATION
Ac*com*bi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. ad + E. combination.]

Defn: A combining together. [R.]

ACCOMMODABLE
Ac*com"mo*da*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. accommodable.]

Defn: That may be accommodated, fitted, or made to agree. [R.] I.
Watts.

ACCOMMODABLENESS
Ac*com"mo*dable*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being accommodable. [R.] Todd.

ACCOMMODATE
Ac*com"mo*date, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accommodated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Accommodating.] Etym: [L. accommodatus, p. p. of accommodare; ad +
commodare to make fit, help; con- + modus measure, proportion. See
Mode.]

1. To render fit, suitable, or correspondent; to adapt; to conform;
as, to accommodate ourselves to circumstances. "They accomodate their
counsels to his inclination." Addison.

2. To bring into agreement or harmony; to reconcile; to compose; to
adjust; to settle; as, to accommodate differences, a dispute, etc.

3. To furnish with something desired, needed, or convenient; to
favor; to oblige; as, to accommodate a friend with a loan or with
lodgings.

4. To show the correspondence of; to apply or make suit by analogy;
to adapt or fit, as teachings to accidental circumstances, statements
to facts, etc.; as, to accommodate prophecy to events.

Syn.
 -- To suit; adapt; conform; adjust; arrange.

ACCOMMODATE
Ac*com"mo*date, v. i.

Defn: To adapt one's self; to be conformable or adapted. [R.] Boyle.

ACCOMMODATE
Ac*com"mo*date, a. Etym: [L. accommodatus, p.p. of accommodare.]

Defn: Suitable; fit; adapted; as, means accommodate to end. [Archaic]
Tillotson.

ACCOMMODATELY
Ac*com"mo*date*ly, adv.

Defn: Suitably; fitly. [R.]

ACCOMMODATENESS
Ac*com"mo*date*ness, n.

Defn: Fitness. [R.]

ACCOMMODATING
Ac*com"mo*da`ting, a.

Defn: Affording, or disposed to afford, accommodation; obliging; as
an accommodating man, spirit, arrangement.

ACCOMMODATION
Ac*com`mo*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. accommodatio, fr. accommodare: cf. F.
accommodation.]

1. The act of fitting or adapting, or the state of being fitted or
adapted; adaptation; adjustment; -- followed by to. "The organization
of the body with accommodation to its functions." Sir M. Hale.

2. Willingness to accommodate; obligingness.

3. Whatever supplies a want or affords ease, refreshment, or
convenience; anything furnished which is desired or needful; -- often
in the plural; as, the accomodations -- that is, lodgings and food --
at an inn. Sir W. Scott.

4. An adjustment of differences; state of agreement; reconciliation;
settlement. "To come to terms of accommodation." Macaulay.

5. The application of a writer's language, on the ground of analogy,
to something not originally referred to or intended.
Many of those quotations from the Old Testament were probably
intended as nothing more than accommodations. Paley.

6. (Com.)
(a) A loan of money.
(b) An accommodation bill or note. Accommodation bill, or note
(Com.), a bill of exchange which a person accepts, or a note which a
person makes and delivers to another, not upon a consideration
received, but for the purpose of raising money on credit.
 -- Accommodation coach, or train, one running at moderate speed and
stopping at all or nearly all stations.
 -- Accommodation ladder (Naut.), a light ladder hung over the side
of a ship at the gangway, useful in ascending from, or descending to,
small boats.

ACCOMMODATOR
Ac*com"mo*da`tor, n.

Defn: He who, or that which, accommodates. Warburton.

ACCOMPANABLE
Ac*com"pa*na*ble, a.

Defn: Sociable. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

ACCOMPANIER
Ac*com"pa*ni*er, n.

Defn: He who, or that which, accompanies. Lamb.

ACCOMPANIMENT
Ac*com"pa*ni*ment, n. Etym: [F. accompagnement.]

Defn: That which accompanies; something that attends as a
circumstance, or which is added to give greater completeness to the
principal thing, or by way of ornament, or for the sake of symmetry.
Specifically: (Mus.)

Defn: A part performed by instruments, accompanying another part or
parts performed by voices; the subordinate part, or parts,
accompanying the voice or a principal instrument; also, the harmony
of a figured bass. P. Cyc.

ACCOMPANIST
Ac*com"pa*nist, n.

Defn: The performer in music who takes the accompanying part. Busby.

ACCOMPANY
Ac*com"pa*ny, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accompanied; p. pr. & vb. n.
Accompanying] Etym: [OF. aacompaignier, F. accompagner, to associate
with, fr. OF. compaign, compain, companion. See Company.]

1. To go with or attend as a companion or associate; to keep company
with; to go along with; -- followed by with or by; as, he accompanied
his speech with a bow.
The Persian dames, . . . In sumptuous cars, accompanied his march.
Glover.
They are never alone that are accompanied with noble thoughts. Sir P.
Sidney.
He was accompanied by two carts filled with wounded rebels. Macaulay.

2. To cohabit with. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

Syn.
 -- To attend; escort; go with.
 -- To Accompany, Attend, Escort. We accompany those with whom we go
as companions. The word imports an equality of station. We attend
those whom we wait upon or follow. The word conveys an idea of
subordination. We escort those whom we attend with a view to guard
and protect. A gentleman accompanies a friend to some public place;
he attends or escorts a lady.

ACCOMPANY
Ac*com"pa*ny, v. i.

1. To associate in a company; to keep company. [Obs.] Bacon.
Men say that they will drive away one another, . . . and not
accompany together. Holland.

2. To cohabit (with). [Obs.] Milton.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: To perform an accompanying part or parts in a composition.

ACCOMPLETIVE
Ac*com"ple*tive, a. Etym: [L. ad + complere, completum, to fill up.]

Defn: Tending to accomplish. [R.]

ACCOMPLICE
Ac*com"plice, n. Etym: [Ac- (perh. for the article a or for L. ad) +
E. complice. See Complice.]

1. A cooperator. [R.]
Success unto our valiant general, And happiness to his accomplices!
Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: An associate in the commission of a crime; a participator in an
offense, whether a principal or an accessory. "And thou, the cursed
accomplice of his treason." Johnson.

Note: It is followed by with or of before a person and by in (or
sometimes of) before the crime; as, A was an accomplice with B in the
murder of C. Dryden uses it with to before a thing. "Suspected for
accomplice to the fire." Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Abettor; accessory; assistant; associate; confederate; coadjutor;
ally; promoter. See Abettor.

ACCOMPLICESHIP
Ac*com"plice*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being an accomplice. [R.] Sir H. Taylor.

ACCOMPLICITY
Ac`com*plic"i*ty, n.

Defn: The act or state of being an accomplice. [R.]

ACCOMPLISH
Ac*com"plish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accomplished, p. pr. & vb. n.
Accomplishing.] Etym: [OE. acomplissen, OF. accomplir, F. accomplir;
L. ad + complere to fill up, complete. See Complete, Finish.]

1. To complete, as time or distance.
That He would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of
Jerusalem. Dan. ix. 2.
He had accomplished half a league or more. Prescott.

2. To bring to an issue of full success; to effect; to perform; to
execute fully; to fulfill; as, to accomplish a design, an object, a
promise.
This that is written must yet be accomplished in me. Luke xxii. 37.

3. To equip or furnish thoroughly; hence, to complete in
acquirements; to render accomplished; to polish.
The armorers accomplishing the knights. Shak.
It [the moon] is fully accomplished for all those ends to which
Providence did appoint it. Wilkins.
These qualities . . . go to accomplish a perfect woman. Cowden
Clarke.

4. To gain; to obtain. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- To do; perform; fulfill; realize; effect; effectuate; complete;
consummate; execute; achieve; perfect; equip; furnish.
 -- To Accomplish, Effect, Execute, Achieve, Perform. These words
agree in the general idea of carrying out to some end proposed. To
accomplish (to fill up to the measure of the intention) generally
implies perseverance and skill; as, to accomplish a plan proposed by
one's self, an object, a design, an undertaking. "Thou shalt
accomplish my desire." 1 Kings v. 9.
He . . . expressed his desire to see a union accomplished between
England and Scotland. Macaulay.
To effect (to work out) is much like accomplish. It usually implies
some degree of difficulty contended with; as, he effected or
accomplished what he intended, his purpose, but little. "What he
decreed, he effected." Milton.
To work in close design by fraud or guile What force effected not.
Milton.
To execute (to follow out to the end, to carry out, or into effect)
implies a set mode of operation; as, to execute the laws or the
orders of another; to execute a work, a purpose, design, plan,
project. To perform is much like to do, though less generally
applied. It conveys a notion of protracted and methodical effort; as,
to perform a mission, a part, a task, a work. "Thou canst best
perform that office." Milton.
The Saints, like stars, around his seat Perform their courses still.
Keble.
To achieve (to come to the end or arrive at one's purpose) usually
implies some enterprise or undertaking of importance, difficulty, and
excellence.

ACCOMPLISHABLE
Ac*com"plish*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being accomplished; practicable. Carlyle.

ACCOMPLISHED
Ac*com"plished, a.

1. Completed; effected; established; as, an accomplished fact.

2. Complete in acquirements as the result usually of training; --
commonly in a good sense; as, an accomplished scholar, an
accomplished villain.
They . . . show themselves accomplished bees. Holland.
Daughter of God and man, accomplished Eve. Milton.

ACCOMPLISHER
Ac*com"plish*er, n.

Defn: One who accomplishes.

ACCOMPLISHMENT
Ac*com"plish*ment, n. Etym: [F. accomplissement, fr. accomplir.]

1. The act of accomplishing; entire performance; completion;
fulfillment; as, the accomplishment of an enterprise, of a prophecy,
etc.

2. That which completes, perfects, or equips thoroughly; acquirement;
attainment; that which constitutes excellence of mind, or elegance of
manners, acquired by education or training. "My new accomplishment of
dancing." Churchill. "Accomplishments befitting a station."
Thackeray.
Accomplishments have taken virtue's place, And wisdom falls before
exterior grace. Cowper.

ACCOMPT
Ac*compt" (#; formerly #), n.

Defn: See Account.

Note: Accompt, accomptant, etc., are archaic forms.

ACCOMPTABLE
Ac*compt"a*ble, a.

Defn: See Accountable.

ACCOMPTANT
Ac*compt"ant, n.

Defn: See Accountant.

ACCORD
Ac*cord", n. Etym: [OE. acord, accord, OF. acort, acorde, F. accord,
fr. OF. acorder, F. accorder. See Accord, v. t.]

1. Agreement or concurrence of opinion, will, or action; harmony of
mind; consent; assent.
A mediator of an accord and peace between them. Bacon.
These all continued with one accord in prayer. Acts i. 14.

2. Harmony of sounds; agreement in pitch and tone; concord; as, the
accord of tones.
Those sweet accords are even the angels' lays. Sir J. Davies.

3. Agreement, harmony, or just correspondence of things; as, the
accord of light and shade in painting.

4. Voluntary or spontaneous motion or impulse to act; -- preceded by
own; as, of one's own accord.
That which groweth of its own accord of thy harvest thou shalt not
reap. Lev. xxv. 5.
Of his own accord he went unto you. 2 Cor. vii. 17.

5. (Law)

Defn: An agreement between parties in controversy, by which
satisfaction for an injury is stipulated, and which, when executed,
bars a suit. Blackstone. With one accord, with unanimity.
They rushed with one accord into the theater. Acts xix. 29.

ACCORD
Ac*cord", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accorded; p. pr. & vb. n. According.]
Etym: [OE. acorden, accorden, OF. acorder, F. accorder, fr. LL.
accordare; L. ad + cor, cordis, heart. Cf. Concord, Discord, and see
Heart.]

1. To make to agree or correspond; to suit one thing to another; to
adjust; -- followed by to. [R.]
Her hands accorded the lute's music to the voice. Sidney.

2. To bring to an agreement, as persons; to reconcile; to settle,
adjust, harmonize, or compose, as things; as, to accord suits or
controversies.
When they were accorded from the fray. Spenser.
All which particulars, being confessedly knotty and difficult can
never be accorded but by a competent stock of critical learning.
South.

3. To grant as suitable or proper; to concede; to award; as, to
accord to one due praise. "According his desire." Spenser.

ACCORD
Ac*cord", v. i.

1. To agree; to correspond; to be in harmony; -- followed by with,
formerly also by to; as, his disposition accords with his looks.
My heart accordeth with my tongue. Shak.
Thy actions to thy words accord. Milton.

2. To agree in pitch and tone.

ACCORDABLE
Ac*cord"a*ble, a. Etym: [OF. acordable, F. accordable.]

1. Agreeing. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Reconcilable; in accordance.

ACCORDANCE
Ac*cord"ance, n. Etym: [OF. acordance.]

Defn: Agreement; harmony; conformity. "In strict accordance with the
law." Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Harmony; unison; coincidence.

ACCORDANCY
Ac*cord"an*cy, n.

Defn: Accordance. [R.] Paley.

ACCORDANT
Ac*cord"ant, a. Etym: [OF. acordant, F. accordant.]

Defn: Agreeing; consonant; harmonious; corresponding; conformable; --
followed by with or to.
Strictly accordant with true morality. Darwin.
And now his voice accordant to the string. Coldsmith.

ACCORDANTLY
Ac*cord"ant*ly, adv.

Defn: In accordance or agreement; agreeably; conformably; -- followed
by with or to.

ACCORDER
Ac*cord"er, n.

Defn: One who accords, assents, or concedes. [R.]

ACCORDING
Ac*cord"ing, p. a.

Defn: Agreeing; in agreement or harmony; harmonious. "This according
voice of national wisdom." Burke. "Mind and soul according well."
Tennyson.
According to him, every person was to be bought. Macaulay.
Our zeal should be according to knowledge. Sprat.

Note: According to has been called a prepositional phrase, but
strictly speaking, according is a participle in the sense of
agreeing, acceding, and to alone is the preposition. According as,
precisely as; the same as; corresponding to the way in which.
According as is an adverbial phrase, of which the propriety has been
doubted; but good usage sanctions it. See According, adv.
Is all things well, According as I gave directions Shak.
The land which the Lord will give you according as he hath promised.
Ex. xii. 25.
p. 13

ACCORDING
Ac*cord"ing, adv.

Defn: Accordingly; correspondingly. [Obs.] Shak.

ACCORDINGLY
Ac*cord"ing*ly, adv.

1. Agreeably; correspondingly; suitably; in a manner conformable.
Behold, and so proceed accordingly. Shak.

2. In natural sequence; consequently; so.

Syn.
 -- Consequently; therefore; wherefore; hence; so.
 -- Accordingly, Consequently, indicate a connection between two
things, the latter of which is done on account of the former.
Accordingly marks the connection as one of simple accordance or
congruity, leading naturally to the result which followed; as, he was
absent when I called, and I accordingly left my card; our
preparations were all finished, and we accordingly set sail.
Consequently all finished, and we accordingly set sail. Consequently
marks a closer connection, that of logical or causal sequence; as,
the papers were not ready, and consequently could not be signed.

ACCORDION
Ac*cor"di*on, n. Etym: [See Accord.] (Mus.)

Defn: A small, portable, keyed wind instrument, whose tones are
generated by play of the wind upon free metallic reeds.

ACCORDIONIST
Ac*cor"di*on*ist, n.

Defn: A player on the accordion.

ACCORDMENT
Ac*cord"ment, n. Etym: [OF. acordement. See Accord, v.]

Defn: Agreement; reconcilement. [Obs.] Gower.

ACCORPORATE
Ac*cor"po*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. accorporare; ad + corpus, corporis,
body.]

Defn: To unite; to attach; to incorporate. [Obs.] Milton.

ACCOST
Ac*cost" (#; 115), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accosted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Accosting.] Etym: [F. accoster, LL. accostare to bring side by side;
L. ad + costa rib, side. See Coast, and cf. Accoast.]

1. To join side to side; to border; hence, to sail along the coast or
side of. [Obs.] "So much [of Lapland] as accosts the sea." Fuller.

2. To approach; to make up to. [Archaic] Shak.

3. To speak to first; to address; to greet. "Him, Satan thus
accosts." Milton.

ACCOST
Ac*cost", v. i.

Defn: To adjoin; to lie alongside. [Obs.] "The shores which to the
sea accost." Spenser.

ACCOST
Ac*cost", n.

Defn: Address; greeting. [R.] J. Morley.

ACCOSTABLE
Ac*cost"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. accostable.]

Defn: Approachable; affable. [R.] Hawthorne.

ACCOSTED
Ac*cost"ed, a. (Her.)

Defn: Supported on both sides by other charges; also, side by side.

ACCOUCHEMENT
Ac*couche"ment (#; 277), n. Etym: [F., fr. accoucher to be delivered
of a child, to aid in delivery, OF. acouchier orig. to lay down, put
to bed, go to bed; L. ad + collocare to lay, put, place. See
Collate.]

Defn: Delivery in childbed

ACCOUCHEUR
Ac*cou*cheur", n. Etym: [F., fr. accoucher. See Accouchement.]

Defn: A man who assists women in childbirth; a man midwife; an
obstetrician.

ACCOUCHEUSE
Ac*cou*cheuse", n. Etym: [F.., fem. of accoucher.]

Defn: A midwife. [Recent] Dunglison.

ACCOUNT
Ac*count", n. Etym: [OE. acount, account, accompt, OF. acont, fr.
aconter. See Account, v. t., Count, n., 1.]

1. A reckoning; computation; calculation; enumeration; a record of
some reckoning; as, the Julian account of time.
A beggarly account of empty boxes. Shak.

2. A registry of pecuniary transactions; a written or printed
statement of business dealings or debts and credits, and also of
other things subjected to a reckoning or review; as, to keep one's
account at the bank.

3. A statement in general of reasons, causes, grounds, etc.,
explanatory of some event; as, no satisfactory account has been given
of these phenomena. Hence, the word is often used simply for reason,
ground, consideration, motive, etc.; as, on no account, on every
account, on all accounts.

4. A statement of facts or occurrences; recital of transactions; a
relation or narrative; a report; a description; as, an account of a
battle. "A laudable account of the city of London." Howell.

5. A statement and explanation or vindication of one's conduct with
reference to judgment thereon.
Give an account of thy stewardship. Luke xvi. 2.

6. An estimate or estimation; valuation; judgment. "To stand high in
your account." Shak.

7. Importance; worth; value; advantage; profit. "Men of account."
Pope. "To turn to account." Shak. Account current, a running or
continued account between two or more parties, or a statement of the
particulars of such an account.
 -- In account with, in a relation requiring an account to be kept.
 -- On account of, for the sake of; by reason of; because of.
 -- On one's own account, for one's own interest or behalf.
 -- To make account, to have an opinion or expectation; to reckon.
[Obs.]
s other part . . . makes account to find no slender arguments for
this assertion out of those very scriptures which are commonly urged
against it. Milton.
-- To make account of, to hold in estimation; to esteem; as, he makes
small account of beauty.
 -- To take account of, or to take into account, to take into
consideration; to notice. "Of their doings, God takes no account."
Milton
.
 -- A writ of account (Law), a writ which the plaintiff brings
demanding that the defendant shall render his just account, or show
good cause to the contrary; -- called also an action of account.
Cowell.

Syn.
 -- Narrative; narration; relation; recital; description;
explanation; rehearsal.
 -- Account, Narrative, Narration, Recital. These words are applied
to different modes of rehearsing a series of events. Account turns
attention not so much to the speaker as to the fact related, and more
properly applies to the report of some single event, or a group of
incidents taken as whole; as, an account of a battle, of a shipwreck,
etc. A narrative is a continuous story of connected incidents, such
as one friend might tell to another; as, a narrative of the events of
a siege, a narrative of one's life, etc. Narration is usually the
same as narrative, but is sometimes used to describe the mode of
relating events; as, his powers of narration are uncommonly great.
Recital denotes a series of events drawn out into minute particulars,
usually expressing something which peculiarly interests the feelings
of the speaker; as, the recital of one's wrongs, disappointments,
sufferings, etc.

1. To reckon; to compute; to count. [Obs.]
The motion of . . . the sun whereby years are accounted. Sir T.
Browne.

2. To place to one's account; to put to the credit of; to assign; --
with to. [R.] Clarendon.

3. To value, estimate, or hold in opinion; to judge or consider; to
deem.
Accounting that God was able to raise him up. Heb. xi. 19.

4. To recount; to relate. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ACCOUNT
Ac*count", v. i.

1. To render or receive an account or relation of particulars; as, an
officer must account with or to the treasurer for money received.

2. To render an account; to answer in judgment; -- with for; as, we
must account for the use of our opportunities.

3. To give a satisfactory reason; to tell the cause of; to explain; -
- with for; as, idleness accounts for poverty. To account of, to
esteem; to prize; to value. Now used only in the passive. "I account
of her beauty." Shak.
Newer was preaching more accounted of than in the sixteenth century.
Canon Robinson.

ACCOUNTABILITY
Ac*count"a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being accountable; liability to be called on to
render an account; accountableness. "The awful idea of
accountability." R. Hall.

ACCOUNTABLE
Ac*count"a*ble, a.

1. Liable to be called on to render an account; answerable; as, every
man is accountable to God for his conduct.

2. Capable of being accounted for; explicable. [R.]
True religion . . . intelligible, rational, and accountable, -- not a
burden but a privilege. B. Whichcote.

Syn.
 -- Amenable; responsible; liable; answerable.

ACCOUNTABLENESS
Ac*count"a*ble ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being accountable; accountability.

ACCOUNTABLY
Ac*count"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an accountable manner.

ACCOUNTANCY
Ac*count"an*cy, n.

Defn: The art or employment of an accountant.

ACCOUNTANT
Ac*count"ant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. accomptant, OF. acontant, p. pr.]

1. One who renders account; one accountable.

2. A reckoner.

3. One who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts; an officer in
a public office, who has charge of the accounts. Accountatn general,
the head or superintending accountant in certain public offices.
Also, formerly, an officer in the English court of chancery who
received the moneys paid into the court, and deposited them in the
Bank of England.

ACCOUNTANT
Ac*count"ant, a.

Defn: Accountable. [Obs.] Shak.

ACCOUNTANTSHIP
Ac*count"ant*ship, n. Etym: [Accountant + -ship.]

Defn: The office or employment of an accountant.

ACCOUNT BOOK
Ac*count" book`.

Defn: A book in which accounts are kept. Swift.

ACCOUPLE
Ac*cou"ple, v. t. Etym: [OF. acopler, F. accoupler. See Couple.]

Defn: To join; to couple. [R.]
The Englishmen accoupled themselves with the Frenchmen. Hall.

ACCOUPLEMENT
Ac*cou"ple*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. accouplement.]

1. The act of coupling, or the state of being coupled; union. [R.]
Caxton.

2. That which couples, as a tie or brace. [R.]

ACCOURAGE
Ac*cour"age, v. t. Etym: [OF. acoragier; à (L. ad) + corage. See
Courage.]

Defn: To encourage. [Obs.]

ACCOURT
Ac*court", v. t. Etym: [Ac-, for L. ad. See Court.]

Defn: To treat courteously; to court. [Obs.] Spenser.

ACCOUTER; ACCOUTRE
Ac*cou"ter, Ac*cou"tre, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accoutered or Accoutred;
p. pr. & vb. n. Accoutering or Accoutring.] Etym: [F. accouter, OF.
accoutrer, accoustrer; à (L. ad) + perh. LL. custor, for custos
guardian, sacristan (cf. Custody), or perh. akin to E. guilt.]

Defn: To furnish with dress, or equipments, esp. those for military
service; to equip; to attire; to array.
Bot accoutered like young men. Shak.
For this, in rags accoutered are they seen. Dryden.
Accoutered with his burden and his staff. Wordsworth.

ACCOUTERMENTS; ACCOUTREMENTS
Ac*cou"ter*ments, Ac*cou"tre*ments, n. pl. Etym: [F. accoutrement,
earlier also accoustrement, earlier also accoustrement. See
Accouter.]

Defn: Dress; trappings; equipment; specifically, the devices and
equipments worn by soldiers.
How gay with all the accouterments of war!

ACCOY
Ac*coy", v. t. Etym: [OF. acoyer; ac-, for L. ad. See Coy.]

1. To render quiet; to soothe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To subdue; to tame; to daunt. [Obs.]
Then is your careless courage accoyed. Spenser.

ACCREDIT
Ac*cred"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accredited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Accrediting.] Etym: [F. accréditer; à (L. ad) + crédit credit. See
Credit.]

1. To put or bring into credit; to invest with credit or authority;
to sanction.
His censure will . . . accredit his praises. Cowper.
These reasons . . . which accredit and fortify mine opinion. Shelton.

2. To send with letters credential, as an ambassador, envoy, or
diplomatic agent; to authorize, as a messenger or delegate.
Beton . . . was accredited to the Court of France. Froude.

3. To believe; to credit; to put trust in.
The version of early Roman history which was accredited in the fifth
century. Sir G. C. Lewis.
He accredited and repeated stories of apparitions and witchcraft.
Southey.

4. To credit; to vouch for or consider (some one) as doing something,
or (something) as belonging to some one. To accredit (one) with
(something), to attribute something to him; as, Mr. Clay was
accredited with these views; they accredit him with a wise saying.

ACCREDITATION
Ac*cred`i*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of accrediting; as, letters of accreditation.

ACCREMENTITIAL
Ac`cre*men*ti"tial, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Pertaining to accremention.

ACCREMENTITION
Ac`cre*men*ti"tion, n. Etym: [See Accresce, Increment.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The process of generation by development of blastema, or
fission of cells, in which the new formation is in all respect like
the individual from which it proceeds.

ACCRESCE
Ac*cresce", v. i. Etym: [L. accrescere. See Accrue.]

1. To accrue. [R.]

2. To increase; to grow. [Obs.] Gillespie.

ACCRESCENCE
Ac*cres"cence, n. Etym: [LL. accrescentia.]

Defn: Continuous growth; an accretion. [R.]
The silent accrescence of belief from the unwatched depositions of a
general, never contradicted hearsy. Coleridge.

ACCRESCENT
Ac*cres"cent, a. Etym: [L. accrescens, -entis, p. pr. of accrescere;
ad + crescere to grow. See Crescent.]

1. Growing; increasing. Shuckford.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing larger after flowering. Gray.

ACCRETE
Ac*crete", v. i. Etym: [From L. accretus, p. p. of accrescere to
increase.]

1. To grow together.

2. To adhere; to grow (to); to be added; -- with to.

ACCRETE
Ac*crete", v. t.

Defn: To make adhere; to add. Earle.

ACCRETE
Ac*crete", a.

1. Characterized by accretion; made up; as, accrete matter.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Grown together. Gray.

ACCRETION
Ac*cre"tion, n. Etym: [L. accretio, fr. accrescere to increase. Cf.
Crescent, Increase, Accrue.]

1. The act of increasing by natural growth; esp. the increase of
organic bodies by the internal accession of parts; organic growth.
Arbuthnot.

2. The act of increasing, or the matter added, by an accession of
parts externally; an extraneous addition; as, an accretion of earth.
A mineral . . . augments not by grown, but by accretion. Owen.
To strip off all the subordinate parts of his as a later accretion.
Sir G. C. Lewis.

3. Concretion; coherence of separate particles; as, the accretion of
particles so as to form a solid mass.

4. A growing together of parts naturally separate, as of the fingers
toes. Dana.

5. (Law)
(a) The adhering of property to something else, by which the owner of
one thing becomes possessed of a right to another; generally, gain of
land by the washing up of sand or sail from the sea or a river, or by
a gradual recession of the water from the usual watermark.
(b) Gain to an heir or legatee, failure of a coheir to the same
succession, or a co-legatee of the same thing, to take his share.
Wharton. Kent.

ACCRETIVE
Ac*cre"tive, a.

Defn: Relating to accretion; increasing, or adding to, by growth.
Glanvill.

ACCRIMINATE
Ac*crim"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. ac- (for ad to) + criminari.]

Defn: To accuse of a crime. [Obs.] -- Ac*crim`i*na"tion, n. [Obs.]

ACCROACH
Ac*croach", v. t. Etym: [OE. acrochen, accrochen, to obtain, OF.
acrochier, F. accrocher; à (L. ad) + croc hook (E. crook).]

1. To hook, or draw to one's self as with a hook. [Obs.]

2. To usurp, as jurisdiction or royal prerogatives.
They had attempted to accroach to themselves royal power. Stubbs.

ACCROACHMENT
Ac*croach"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. accrochement.]

Defn: An encroachment; usurpation. [Obs.] Bailey.

ACCRUAL
Ac*cru"al, n.

Defn: Accrument. [R.]

ACCRUE
Ac*crue", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Accrued; p. pr. & vb. n. Accruing.]
Etym: [See Accrue, n., and cf. Accresce, Accrete.]

1. To increase; to augment.
And though power failed, her courage did accrue. Spenser.

2. To come to by way of increase; to arise or spring as a growth or
result; to be added as increase, profit, or damage, especially as the
produce of money lent. "Interest accrues to principal." Abbott.
The great and essential advantages accruing to society from the
freedom of the press. Junius.

ACCRUE
Ac*crue", n. Etym: [F. accrû, OF. acreü, p. p. of accroitre, OF.
acroistre to increase; L. ad + crescere to increase. Cf. Accretion,
Crew. See Crescent.]

Defn: Something that accrues; advantage accruing. [Obs.]

ACCRUER
Ac*cru"er, n. (Law)

Defn: The act of accruing; accretion; as, title by accruer.

ACCRUMENT
Ac*cru"ment, n.

Defn: The process of accruing, or that which has accrued; increase.
Jer. Taylor.

ACCUBATION
Ac`cu*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. accubatio, for accubatio, fr. accubare to
recline; ad + cubare to lie down. See Accumb.]

Defn: The act or posture of reclining on a couch, as practiced by the
ancients at meals.

ACCUMB
Ac*cumb", v. i. Etym: [L. accumbere; ad + cumbere (only in compounds)
to lie down.]

Defn: To recline, as at table. [Obs.] Bailey.

ACCUMBENCY
Ac*cum"ben*cy, n.

Defn: The state of being accumbent or reclining. [R.]

ACCUMBENT
Ac*cum"bent, a.

1. Leaning or reclining, as the ancients did at their meals.
The Roman.. accumbent posture in eating. Arbuthnot.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Lying against anything, as one part of a leaf against another
leaf. Gray.
Accumbent cotyledons have their edges placed against the caulicle.
Eaton.

ACCUMBENT
Ac*cum"bent, n.

Defn: One who reclines at table.

ACCUMBER
Ac*cum"ber, v. t.

Defn: To encumber. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ACCUMULATE
Ac*cu"mu*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accumulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Accumulating.] Etym: [L. accumulatus, p. p. of accumulare; ad +
cumulare to heap. See Cumulate.]

Defn: To heap up in a mass; to pile up; to collect or bring together;
to amass; as, to accumulate a sum of money.

Syn.
 -- To collect; pile up; store; amass; gather; aggregate; heap
together; hoard.

ACCUMULATE
Ac*cu"mu*late, v. i.

Defn: To grow or increase in quantity or number; to increase greatly.
Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth
accumulates, and men decay. Goldsmith.

ACCUMULATE
Ac*cu"mu*late, a. Etym: [L. accumulatus, p. p. of accumulare.]

Defn: Collected; accumulated. Bacon.

ACCUMULATION
Ac*cu`mu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. accumulatio; cf. F. accumulation.]

1. The act of accumulating, the state of being accumulated, or that
which is accumulated; as, an accumulation of earth, of sand, of
evils, of wealth, of honors.

2. (Law)

Defn: The concurrence of several titles to the same proof.
Accumulation of energy or power, the storing of energy by means of
weights lifted or masses put in motion; electricity stored.
 -- An accumulation of degrees (Eng. Univ.), the taking of several
together, or at smaller intervals than usual or than is allowed by
the rules.

ACCUMULATIVE
Ac*cu"mu*la*tive, a.

Defn: Characterized by accumulation; serving to collect or amass;
cumulative; additional.
 -- Ac*cu"mu*la*tive*ly, adv.
 -- Ac*cu"mu*la*tive*ness, n.

ACCUMULATOR
Ac*cu"mu*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. One who, or that which, accumulates, collects, or amasses.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: An apparatus by means of which energy or power can be stored,
such as the cylinder or tank for storing water for hydraulic
elevators, the secondary or storage battery used for accumulating the
energy of electrical charges, etc.

3. A system of elastic springs for relieving the strain upon a rope,
as in deep-sea dredging.

ACCURACY
Ac"cu*ra*cy (#; 277), n. Etym: [See Accurate.]

Defn: The state of being accurate; freedom from mistakes, this
exemption arising from carefulness; exact conformity to truth, or to
a rule or model; precision; exactness; nicety; correctness; as, the
value of testimony depends on its accuracy.
The professed end [of logic] is to teach men to think, to judge, and
to reason, with precision and accuracy. Reid.
The accuracy with which the piston fits the sides. Lardner.

ACCURATE
Ac"cu*rate, a. Etym: [L. accuratus, p. p. and a., fr. accurare to
take care of; ad + curare to take care, cura care. See Cure.]

1. In exact or careful conformity to truth, or to some standard of
requirement, the result of care or pains; free from failure, error,
or defect; exact; as, an accurate calculator; an accurate measure;
accurate expression, knowledge, etc.

2. Precisely fixed; executed with care; careful. [Obs.]
Those conceive the celestial bodies have more accurate influences
upon these things below. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Correct; exact; just; nice; particular.
 -- Accurate, Correct, Exact, Precise. We speak of a thing as correct
with reference to some rule or standard of comparison; as, a correct
account, a correct likeness, a man of correct deportment. We speak of
a thing as accurate with reference to the care bestowed upon its
execution, and the increased correctness to be expected therefrom;
as, an accurate statement, an accurate detail of particulars. We
speak of a thing as exact with reference to that perfected state of a
thing in which there is no defect and no redundance; as, an exact
coincidence, the exact truth, an exact likeness. We speak of a thing
as precise when we think of it as strictly conformed to some rule or
model, as if cut down thereto; as a precise conformity instructions;
precisely right; he was very precise in giving his directions.

ACCURATELY
Ac"cu*rate*ly, adv.

Defn: In an accurate manner; exactly; precisely; without error or
defect.

ACCURATENESS
Ac"cu*rate*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being accurate; accuracy; exactness;
nicety; precision.

ACCURSE
Ac*curse", v. t. Etym: [OE. acursien, acorsien; pref. a + cursien to
curse. See Curse.]

Defn: To devote to destruction; to imprecate misery or evil upon; to
curse; to execrate; to anathematize.
And the city shall be accursed. Josh. vi. 17.
Thro' you, my life will be accurst. Tennyson.

ACCURSED; ACCURST
Ac*cursed", Ac*curst", p. p. & a.

Defn: Doomed to destruction or misery; cursed; hence, bad enough to
be under the curse; execrable; detestable; exceedingly hateful; --
as, an accursed deed. Shak.
 -- Ac*curs"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Ac*curs"ed*ness, n.

ACCUSABLE
Ac*cus"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. accusabilis: cf. F. accusable.]

Defn: Liable to be accused or censured; chargeable with a crime or
fault; blamable; -- with of.

ACCUSAL
Ac*cus"al, n.

Defn: Accusation. [R.] Byron.

ACCUSANT
Ac*cus"ant, n. Etym: [L. accusans, p. pr. of accusare: cf. F.
accusant.]

Defn: An accuser. Bp. Hall.

ACCUSATION
Ac`cu*sa"tion, n. Etym: [OF. acusation, F. accusation, L. accusatio,
fr. accusare. See Accuse.]

1. The act of accusing or charging with a crime or with a lighter
offense.
We come not by the way of accusation To taint that honor every good
tongue blesses. Shak.

2. That of which one is accused; the charge of an offense or crime,
or the declaration containing the charge.
[They] set up over his head his accusation. Matt. xxvii. 37.

Syn.
 -- Impeachment; crimination; censure; charge.

ACCUSATIVAL
Ac*cu`sa*ti"val, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the accusative case.

ACCUSATIVE
Ac*cu"sa*tive, a. Etym: [F. accusatif, L. accusativus (in sense 2),
fr. accusare. See Accuse.]

1. Producing accusations; accusatory. "This hath been a very
accusative age." Sir E. Dering.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Applied to the case (as the fourth case of Latin and Greek
nouns) which expresses the immediate object on which the action or
influence of a transitive verb terminates, or the immediate object of
motion or tendency to, expressed by a preposition. It corresponds to
the objective case in English.

ACCUSATIVE
Ac*cu"sa*tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: The accusative case.

ACCUSATIVELY
Ac*cu"sa*tive*ly, adv.

1. In an accusative manner.

2. In relation to the accusative case in grammar.

ACCUSATORIAL
Ac*cu`sa*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Accusatory.

ACCUSATORIALLY
Ac*cu`sa*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By way accusation.

ACCUSATORY
Ac*cu"sa*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. accusatorius, fr. accusare.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, an accusation; as, an accusatory
libel. Grote.

ACCUSE
Ac*cuse", n.

Defn: Accusation. [Obs.] Shak.

ACCUSE
Ac*cuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accused; p. pr. & vb. n. Accusing.]
Etym: [OF. acuser, F. accuser, L. accusare, to call to account,
accuse; ad + causa cause, lawsuit. Cf. Cause.]

1. To charge with, or declare to have committed, a crime or offense;
(Law)

Defn: to charge with an offense, judicially or by a public process; -
- with of; as, to accuse one of a high crime or misdemeanor.
Neither can they prove the things whereof they now accuse me. Acts
xxiv. 13.
We are accused of having persuaded Austria and Sardinia to lay down
their arms. Macaulay.

2. To charge with a fault; to blame; to censure.
Their thoughts the meanwhile accusing or else excusing one another.
Rom. ii. 15.

3. To betray; to show. Etym: [L.] Sir P. Sidney.

Syn.
 -- To charge; blame; censure; reproach; criminate; indict; impeach;
arraign.
 -- To Accuse, Charge, Impeach, Arraign. These words agree in
bringing home to a person the imputation of wrongdoing. To accuse is
a somewhat formal act, and is applied usually (though not
exclusively) to crimes; as, to accuse of treason. Charge is the most
generic. It may refer to a crime, a dereliction of duty, a fault,
etc.; more commonly it refers to moral delinquencies; as, to charge
with dishonesty or falsehood. To arraign is to bring (a person)
before a tribunal for trial; as, to arraign one before a court or at
the bar public opinion. To impeach is officially to charge with
misbehavior in office; as, to impeach a minister of high crimes. Both
impeach and arraign convey the idea of peculiar dignity or
impressiveness.

ACCUSED
Ac*cused", a.

Defn: Charged with offense; as, an accused person.

Note: Commonly used substantively; as, the accused, one charged with
an offense; the defendant in a criminal case.

ACCUSEMENT
Ac*cuse"ment, n. Etym: [OF. acusement. See Accuse.]

Defn: Accusation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ACCUSER
Ac*cus"er, n. Etym: [OE. acuser, accusour; cf. OF. acuseor, fr. L.
accusator, fr. accusare.]

Defn: One who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault.

ACCUSINGLY
Ac*cus"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In an accusing manner.

ACCUSTOM
Ac*cus"tom, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accustomed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Accustoming.] Etym: [OF. acostumer, acustumer, F. accoutumer; à (L.
ad) + OF. costume, F. coutume, custom. See Custom.]

Defn: To make familiar by use; to habituate, familiarize, or inure; -
- with to.
I shall always fear that he who accustoms himself to fraud in little
things, wants only opportunity to practice it in greater. Adventurer.

Syn.
 -- To habituate; inure; exercise; train.

ACCUSTOM
Ac*cus"tom, v. i.

1. To be wont. [Obs.] Carew.

2. To cohabit. [Obs.]
We with the best men accustom openly; you with the basest commit
private adulteries. Milton.

ACCUSTOM
Ac*cus"tom, n.

Defn: Custom. [Obs.] Milton.

ACCUSTOMABLE
Ac*cus"tom*a*ble, a.

Defn: Habitual; customary; wonted. "Accustomable goodness." Latimer.

ACCUSTOMABLY
Ac*cus"tom*a*bly, adv.

Defn: According to custom; ordinarily; customarily. Latimer.

ACCUSTOMANCE
Ac*cus"tom*ance, n. Etym: [OF. accoustumance, F. accoutumance.]

Defn: Custom; habitual use. [Obs.] Boyle.

ACCUSTOMARILY
Ac*cus"tom*a*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: Customarily. [Obs.]

ACCUSTOMARY
Ac*cus"tom*a*ry, a.

Defn: Usual; customary. [Archaic] Featley.

ACCUSTOMED
Ac*cus"tomed, a.

1. Familiar through use; usual; customary. "An accustomed action."
Shak.

2. Frequented by customers. [Obs.] "A well accustomed shop."
Smollett.

ACCUSTOMEDNESS
Ac*cus"tomed*ness, n.

Defn: Habituation.
Accustomedness to sin hardens the heart. Bp. Pearce.

ACE
Ace, n.; pl. Aces. Etym: [OE. as, F. as, fr. L. as, assis, unity,
copper coin, the unit of coinage. Cf. As.]

1. A unit; a single point or spot on a card or die; the card or die
so marked; as, the ace of diamonds.

2. Hence: A very small quantity or degree; a particle; an atom; a
jot.
I 'll not wag an ace further. Dryden.
To bate an ace, to make the least abatement. [Obs.] -- Within an ace
of, very near; on the point of. W. Irving.

ACELDAMA
A*cel"da*ma, n. Etym: [Gr. okel damo the field of blood.]

Defn: The potter's field, said to have lain south of Jerusalem,
purchased with the bribe which Judas took for betraying his Master,
and therefore called the field of blood. Fig.: A field of bloodshed.
The system of warfare . . . which had already converted immense
tracts into one universal aceldama. De Quincey.

ACENTRIC
A*cen"tric, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Not centered; without a center.

ACEPHAL
Ac"e*phal, n. Etym: [Gr. acéphale, LL. acephalus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Acephala.

ACEPHALA
A*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Acephal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: That division of the Mollusca which includes the bivalve
shells, like the clams and oysters; -- so called because they have no
evident head. Formerly the group included the Tunicata, Brachiopoda,
and sometimes the Bryozoa. See Mollusca.

ACEPHALAN
A*ceph"a*lan, n.

Defn: Same as Acephal.

ACEPHALAN
A*ceph"a*lan, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Acephala.

ACEPHALI
A*ceph"a*li, n. pl. Etym: [LL., pl. of acephalus. See Acephal.]

1. A fabulous people reported by ancient writers to have heads.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)
(a) A Christian sect without a leader.
(b) Bishops and certain clergymen not under regular diocesan control.

3. A class of levelers in the time of K. Henry I.

ACEPHALIST
A*ceph"a*list, n.

Defn: One who acknowledges no head or superior. Dr. Gauden.

ACEPHALOCYST
A*ceph"a*lo*cyst, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A larval entozoön in the form of a subglobular or oval vesicle,
or hy datid, filled with fluid, sometimes found in the tissues of man
and the lower animals; -- so called from the absence of a head or
visible organs on the vesicle. These cysts are the immature stages of
certain tapeworms. Also applied to similar cysts of different origin.

ACEPHALOCYSTIC
A*ceph`a*lo*cys"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the acephalocysts.

ACEPHALOUS
A*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [See Acephal.]

1. Headless.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without a distinct head; -- a term applied to bivalve mollusks.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the style spring from the base, instead of from the
apex, as is the case in certain ovaries.

4. Without a leader or chief.

5. Wanting the beginning.
A false or acephalous structure of sentence. De Quincey.

6. (Pros.)

Defn: Deficient and the beginning, as a line of poetry. Brande.

ACEQUIA
A*ce"qui*a, n. [Sp.]

Defn: A canal or trench for irrigating land. [Sp. Amer.]

ACERATE
Ac"er*ate, n. Etym: [See Aceric.] (Chem.)

Defn: A combination of aceric acid with a salifiable base.

ACERATE
Ac"er*ate, a.

Defn: Acerose; needle-shaped.

ACERB
A*cerb", a. Etym: [L. acerbus, fr. acer sharp: cf. F. acerbe. See
Acrid.]

Defn: Sour, bitter, and harsh to the taste, as unripe fruit; sharp
and harsh.

ACERBATE
A*cerb"ate, v. t. Etym: [L. acerbatus, p. p. of acerbare, fr.
acerbus.]

Defn: To sour; to imbitter; to irritate.

ACERBIC
A*cerb"ic, a.

Defn: Sour or severe.

ACERBITUDE
A*cerb"i*tude, n. Etym: [L. acerbitudo, fr. acerbus.]

Defn: Sourness and harshness. [Obs.] Bailey.

ACERBITY
A*cerb"i*ty, n. Etym: [F. acerbité, L. acerbitas, fr. acerbus. See
Acerb.]

1. Sourness of taste, with bitterness and astringency, like that of
unripe fruit.

2. Harshness, bitterness, or severity; as, acerbity of temper, of
language, of pain. Barrow.

ACERIC
A*cer"ic, a. Etym: [L. acer maple.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, the maple; as, aceric acid.
Ure.

ACEROSE
Ac"er*ose`, a. Etym: [(a) L. acerosus chaffy, fr. acus, gen. aceris,
chaff; (b) as if fr. L. acus needle: cf. F. acéreux.] (Bot.)
(a) Having the nature of chaff; chaffy.
(b) Needle-shaped, having a sharp, rigid point, as the leaf of the
pine.

ACEROUS
Ac"er*ous, a.

Defn: Same as Acerose.

ACEROUS
Ac"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. &a; priv. + keras a horn.] (Zoöl.)
(a) Destitute of tentacles, as certain mollusks.
(b) Without antennæ, as some insects.

ACERVAL
A*cer"val, a. Etym: [L. acervalis, fr. acervus heap.]

Defn: Pertaining to a heap. [Obs.]

ACERVATE
A*cer"vate, v. t. Etym: [L. acervatus, p. p. of acervare to heap up,
fr. acervus heap.]

Defn: To heap up. [Obs.]

ACERVATE
A*cer"vate, a.

Defn: Heaped, or growing in heaps, or closely compacted clusters.

ACERVATION
Ac`er*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. acervatio.]

Defn: A heaping up; accumulation. [R.] Johnson.

ACERVATIVE
A*cer"va*tive, a.

Defn: Heaped up; tending to heap up.

ACERVOSE
A*cer"vose, a.

Defn: Full of heaps. [R.] Bailey.

ACERVULINE
A*cer"vu*line, a.

Defn: Resembling little heaps.

ACESCENCE; ACESCENCY
A*ces"cence, A*ces"cen*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. acescence. See Acescent.]

Defn: The quality of being acescent; the process of acetous
fermentation; a moderate degree of sourness. Johnson.

ACESCENT
A*ces"cent, a. Etym: [L. acescens, -entis, p. pr. of acescere to turn
sour; inchoative of acere to be sour: cf. F. acescent. See Acid.]

Defn: Turning sour; readily becoming tart or acid; slightly sour.
Faraday.

ACESCENT
A*ces"cent, n.

Defn: A substance liable to become sour.

ACETABLE
Ac"e*ta*ble, n.

Defn: An acetabulum; or about one eighth of a pint. [Obs.] Holland.

ACETABULAR
Ac`e*tab"u*lar, a.

Defn: Cup-shaped; saucer-shaped; acetabuliform.

ACETABULIFERA
Ac`e*tab`u*lif"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Acetabuliferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Cephalopoda in which the arms are furnished
with cup-shaped suckers, as the cuttlefishes, squids, and octopus;
the Dibranchiata. See Cephalopoda.

ACETABULIFEROUS
Ac`e*tab`u*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. acetablum a little cup + -
ferous.]

Defn: Furnished with fleshy cups for adhering to bodies, as
cuttlefish, etc.

ACETABULIFORM
Ac`e*tab"u*li*form, a. Etym: [L. acetabulum + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Shaped like a shallow; saucer-shaped; as, an acetabuliform
calyx. Gray.

ACETABULUM
Ac`e*tab"u*lum, n. Etym: [L., a little saucer for vinegar, fr. acetum
vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A vinegar cup; socket of the hip bone; a measure of about one
eighth of a pint, etc.

2. (Anat.)
(a) The bony cup which receives the head of the thigh bone.
(b) The cavity in which the leg of an insect is inserted at its
articulation with the body.
(c) A sucker of the sepia or cuttlefish and related animals.
(d) The large posterior sucker of the leeches.
(e) One of the lobes of the placenta in ruminating animals.

ACETAL
Ac"e*tal, n. Etym: [Acetic + alcohol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A limpid, colorless, inflammable liquid from the slow oxidation
of alcohol under the influence of platinum black.

ACETALDEHYDE
Ac`et*al"de*hyde, n.

Defn: Acetic aldehyde. See Aldehyde.

ACETAMIDE
Ac`et*am"ide, n. Etym: [Acetyl + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline solid, from ammonia by replacement of an
equivalent of hydrogen by acetyl.

ACETANILIDE
Ac`et*an"i*lide, n. Etym: [Acetyl + anilide.] (Med.)

Defn: A compound of aniline with acetyl, used to allay fever or pain;
-- called also antifebrine.

ACETARIOUS
Ac`e*ta"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. acetaria, n. pl., salad, fr. acetum
vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.]

Defn: Used in salads; as, acetarious plants.

ACETARY
Ac"e*ta*ry, n. Etym: [L. acetaria salad plants.]

Defn: An acid pulp in certain fruits, as the pear. Grew.

ACETATE
Ac"e*tate, n. Etym: [L. acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A salt formed by the union of acetic acid with a base or
positive radical; as, acetate of lead, acetate of potash.

ACETATED
Ac"e*ta`ted, a.

Defn: Combined with acetic acid.

ACETIC
A*ce"tic (#; 277), a. Etym: [L. acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be
sour.] (Chem.)
(a) Of a pertaining to vinegar; producing vinegar; producing vinegar;
as, acetic fermentation.
(b) Pertaining to, containing, or derived from, acetyl, as acetic
ether, acetic acid. The latter is the acid to which the sour taste of
vinegar is due.

ACETIFICATION
A*cet`i*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of making acetous or sour; the process of converting,
or of becoming converted, into vinegar.

ACETIFIER
A*cet"i*fi`er, n.

Defn: An apparatus for hastening acetification. Knight.

ACETIFY
A*cet"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acetified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acetifying.] Etym: [L. acetum vinegar + -fly.]

Defn: To convert into acid or vinegar.

ACETIFY
A*cet"i*fy, v. i.

Defn: To turn acid. Encyc. Dom. Econ.

ACETIMETER
Ac`e*tim"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. acetum vinegar + -meter: cf. F.
acétimètre.]

Defn: An instrument for estimating the amount of acetic acid in
vinegar or in any liquid containing acetic acid.

ACETIMETRY
Ac`e*tim"e*try, n.

Defn: The act or method of ascertaining the strength of vinegar, or
the proportion of acetic acid contained in it. Ure.

ACETIN
Ac"e*tin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A combination of acetic acid with glycerin. Brande & C.

ACETIZE
Ac"e*tize, v. i.

Defn: To acetify. [R.]

ACETOL
Ac"e*tol, n.  [Acetic + -ol as in alcohol.] (Chem.)

Defn: Methyl ketol; also, any of various homologues of the same.

ACETOMETER
Ac`e*tom"e*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Acetimeter. Brande & C.

ACETONAEMIA; ACETONEMIA
Ac`e*to*næ"mi*a, Ac`e*to*ne"mi*a, n. [NL. See Acetone; Hæma-.] (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition characterized by the presence of acetone in
the blood, as in diabetes.

ACETONE
Ac"e*tone, n. Etym: [See Acetic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A volatile liquid consisting of three parts of carbon, six of
hydrogen, and one of oxygen; pyroacetic spirit, -- obtained by the
distillation of certain acetates, or by the destructive distillation
of citric acid, starch, sugar, or gum, with quicklime.

Note: The term in also applied to a number of bodies of similar
constitution, more frequently called ketones. See Ketone.

ACETONIC
Ac`e*ton"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to acetone; as, acetonic bodies.

ACETONURIA
Ac`e*to*nu"ri*a, n. [NL. See Acetone; Urine.] (Med.)

Defn: Excess of acetone in the urine, as in starvation or diabetes.

ACETOPHENONE
Ac`e*to*phe"none, n.  [Acetic + phenyl + one.] (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline ketone, CH3COC6H5, which may be obtained by the
dry distillation of a mixture of the calcium salts of acetic and
benzoic acids. It is used as a hypnotic under the name of hypnone.

ACETOSE
Ac"e*tose, a.

Defn: Sour like vinegar; acetous.

ACETOSITY
Ac`e*tos"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. acetositas. See Acetous.]

Defn: The quality of being acetous; sourness.

ACETOUS
A*ce"tous (#; 277), a. Etym: [L. acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be
sour.]

1. Having a sour taste; sour; acid. "An acetous spirit." Boyle. "A
liquid of an acetous kind." Bp. Lowth.

2. Causing, or connected with, acetification; as, acetous
fermentation. Acetous acid, a name formerly given to vinegar.

ACETYL
Ac"e*tyl, n. Etym: [L. acetum vinegar + Gr. -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A complex, hypothetical radical, composed of two parts of
carbon to three of hydrogen and one of oxygen. Its hydroxide is
acetic acid.

ACETYLENE
A*cet"y*lene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A gaseous compound of carbon and hydrogen, in the proportion of
two atoms of the former to two of the latter. It is a colorless gas,
with a peculiar, unpleasant odor, and is produced for use as an
illuminating gas in a number of ways, but chiefly by the action of
water on calcium carbide. Its light is very brilliant. Watts.

ACH; ACHE
Ach, Ache, n. Etym: [F. ache, L. apium parsley.]

Defn: A name given to several species of plants; as, smallage, wild
celery, parsley. [Obs.] Holland.

ACHAEAN; ACHAIAN
A*chæ"an, A*cha"ian a. Etym: [L. Achaeus, Achaius; Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Achaia in Greece; also, Grecian.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Achaia; a Greek.

ACHARNEMENT
A*char"ne*ment, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Savage fierceness; ferocity.

ACHATE
Ach"ate, n.

Defn: An agate. [Obs.] Evelyn.

ACHATE
A*chate", n. Etym: [F. achat purchase. See Cates.]

1. Purchase; bargaining. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. pl.

Defn: Provisions. Same as Cates. [Obs.] Spenser.

ACHATINA
Ach`a*ti"na, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of land snails, often large, common in the warm parts
of America and Africa.

ACHATOUR
A*cha*tour", n. Etym: [See Cater.]

Defn: Purveyor; acater. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ACHE
Ache, n. Etym: [OE. ache, AS. æce, ece, fr. acan to ache. See Ache,
v. i.]

Defn: Continued pain, as distinguished from sudden twinges, or
spasmodic pain. "Such an ache in my bones." Shak.

Note: Often used in composition, as, a headache, an earache, a
toothache.

ACHE
Ache, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ached; p. pr. & vb. n. Aching.] Etym: [OE.
aken, AS. acan, both strong verbs, AS. acan, imp. oc, p. p. acen, to
ache; perh. orig. to drive, and akin to agent.]

Defn: To suffer pain; to have, or be in, pain, or in continued pain;
to be distressed. "My old bones ache." Shak.
The sins that in your conscience ache. Keble.

ACHEAN
A*che"an, a & n.

Defn: See Achæan, Achaian.

ACHENE; ACHENIUM
A*chene", A*che"ni*um n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A small, dry, indehiscent fruit, containing a single seed, as
in the buttercup; -- called a naked seed by the earlier botanists.
[Written also akene and achænium.]

ACHENIAL
A*che"ni*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an achene.

ACHERON
Ach"e*ron, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Myth.)

Defn: A river in the Nether World or infernal regions; also, the
infernal regions themselves. By some of the English poets it was
supposed to be a flaming lake or gulf. Shak.

ACHERONTIC
Ach`e*ron"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Acheron; infernal; hence, dismal, gloomy;
moribund.

A CHEVAL
A` che*val". [F., lit., on horseback.]

Defn: Astride; with a part on each side; -- used specif. in
designating the position of an army with the wings separated by some
line of demarcation, as a river or road.

A position à cheval on a river is not one which a general willingly
assumes.
Swinton.

ACHIEVABLE
A*chiev"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being achieved. Barrow.

ACHIEVANCE
A*chiev"ance, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. achevance.]

Defn: Achievement. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

ACHIEVE
A*chieve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Achieved; p. pr. & vb. n. Achieving.]
Etym: [OE. acheven, OF. achever, achiever, F. achever, to finish; à
(L. ad) + OF. chief, F. chef, end, head, fr. L. caput head. See
Chief.]

1. To carry on to a final close; to bring out into a perfected state;
to accomplish; to perform; -- as, to achieve a feat, an exploit, an
enterprise.
Supposing faculties and powers to be the same, far more may be
achieved in any line by the aid of a capital, invigorating motive
than without it. I. Taylor.

2. To obtain, or gain, as the result of exertion; to succeed in
gaining; to win.
Some are born great, some achieve greatness. Shak.
Thou hast achieved our liberty. Milton.

Note: [[Obs]., with a material thing as the aim.]
Show all the spoils by valiant kings achieved. Prior.
He hath achieved a maid That paragons description. Shak.

3. To finish; to kill. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- To accomplish; effect; fulfill; complete; execute; perform;
realize; obtain. See Accomplish.

ACHIEVEMENT
A*chieve"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. achèvement, E. Hatchment.]

1. The act of achieving or performing; an obtaining by exertion;
successful performance; accomplishment; as, the achievement of his
object.

2. A great or heroic deed; something accomplished by valor, boldness,
or praiseworthy exertion; a feat.
[The exploits] of the ancient saints . . . do far surpass the most
famous achievements of pagan heroes. Barrow.
The highest achievements of the human intellect. Macaulay.

3. (Her.)

Defn: An escutcheon or ensign armorial; now generally applied to the
funeral shield commonly called hatchment. Cussans.

ACHIEVER
A*chiev"er, n.

Defn: One who achieves; a winner.

ACHILLEAN
Ach`il*le"an, a.

Defn: Resembling Achilles, the hero of the Iliad; invincible.

ACHILLES' TENDON
A*chil"les' ten"don, n. Etym: [L. Achillis tendo.] (Anat.)

Defn: The strong tendon formed of the united tendons of the large
muscles in the calf of the leg, an inserted into the bone of the
heel; -- so called from the mythological account of Achilles being
held by the heel when dipped in the River Styx.

ACHILOUS
A*chi"lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Without a lip.

ACHING
Ach"ing, a.

Defn: That aches; continuously painful. See Ache.
 -- Ach"ing*ly, adv.
The aching heart, the aching head. Longfellow.

ACHIOTE
A`chi*o"te, n. Etym: [Sp. achiote, fr. Indian achiotl.]

Defn: Seeds of the annotto tree; also, the coloring matter, annotto.

ACHLAMYDATE
A*chlam"y*date, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Not possessing a mantle; -- said of certain gastropods.

ACHLAMYDEOUS
Ach`la*myd"e*ous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Naked; having no floral envelope, neither calyx nor corolla.

ACHOLIA
A*cho"li*a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Deficiency or want of bile.

ACHOLOUS
Ach"o*lous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Lacking bile.

ACHROMATIC
Ach`ro*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. achromatique.]

1. (Opt.)

Defn: Free from color; transmitting light without decomposing it into
its primary colors.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Uncolored; not absorbing color from a fluid; -- said of tissue.
Achromatic lens (Opt.), a lens composed usually of two separate
lenses, a convex and concave, of substances having different
refractive and dispersive powers, as crown and flint glass, with the
curvatures so adjusted that the chromatic aberration produced by the
one is corrected by other, and light emerges from the compound lens
undecomposed.
 -- Achromatic prism. See Prism.
 -- Achromatic telescope, or microscope, one in which the chromatic
aberration is corrected, usually by means of a compound or achromatic
object glass, and which gives images free from extraneous color.

ACHROMATICALLY
Ach`ro*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an achromatic manner.

ACHROMATICITY
Ach`ro*ma*tic"i*ty, n.

Defn: Achromatism.

ACHROMATIN
A*chro"ma*tin, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Tissue which is not stained by fluid dyes. W. Flemming.

ACHROMATISM
A*chro"ma*tism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. achromatisme.]

Defn: The state or quality of being achromatic; as, the achromatism
of a lens; achromaticity. Nichol.

ACHROMATIZATION
A*chro`ma*ti*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. achromatisation.]

Defn: The act or process of achromatizing.

ACHROMATIZE
A*chro"ma*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Achromatized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Achromatizing.] Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To deprive of color; to make achromatic.

ACHROMATOPSY
A*chro"ma*top"sy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Color blindness; inability to distinguish colors; Daltonism.

ACHROMATOUS
A*chro"ma*tous, a. [See Ahromatic.]

Defn: Lacking, or deficient in, color; as, achromatous blood.

ACHROMIC
A*chro"mic, a. [Gr.  colorless;  priv. +  color.]

Defn: Free from color; colorless; as, in Physiol. Chem., the achromic
point of a starch solution acted upon by an amylolytic enzyme is the
point at which it fails to give any color with iodine.

ACHRONIC
A*chron"ic, a.

Defn: See Acronyc.

ACHROODEXTRIN; ACHROOEDEXTRIN
Ach`ro*ö*dex"trin, n. Etym: [Gr. dextrin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Dextrin not colorable by iodine. See Dextrin.

ACHROOUS
Ach"ro*ous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Colorless; achromatic.

ACHYLOUS
A*chy"lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Without chyle.

ACHYMOUS
A*chy"mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Without chyme.

ACICULA
A*cic"u*la, n.; pl. Aciculæ. Etym: [L., a small needle, dimin. of
acus needle.] (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: One of the needlelike or bristlelike spines or prickles of some
animals and plants; also, a needlelike crystal.

ACICULAR
A*cic"u*lar, a.

Defn: Needle-shaped; slender like a needle or bristle, as some leaves
or crystals; also, having sharp points like needless. A*cic"u*lar*ly,
adv.

ACICULATE; ACICULATED
A*cic"u*late, A*cic"u*la"ted a. (Nat. Hist.)
(a) Furnished with aciculæ.
(b) Acicular.
(c) Marked with fine irregular streaks as if scratched by a needle.
Lindley.

ACICULIFORM
A*cic"u*li*form, a. Etym: [L. acicula needle + -form.]

Defn: Needle-shaped; acicular.

ACICULITE
A*cic"u*lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Needle ore. Brande & C.

ACID
Ac"id, a. Etym: [L. acidus sour, fr. the root ak to be sharp: cf. F.
acide. Cf. Acute.]

1. Sour, sharp, or biting to the taste; tart; having the taste of
vinegar: as, acid fruits or liquors. Also fig.: Sour-tempered.
He was stern and his face as acid as ever. A. Trollope.

2. Of or pertaining to an acid; as, acid reaction.

ACID
Ac"id, n.

1. A sour substance.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of compounds, generally but not always
distinguished by their sour taste, solubility in water, and reddening
of vegetable blue or violet colors. They are also characterized by
the power of destroying the distinctive properties of alkalies or
bases, combining with them to form salts, at the same time losing
their own peculiar properties. They all contain hydrogen, united with
a more negative element or radical, either alone, or more generally
with oxygen, and take their names from this negative element or
radical. Those which contain no oxygen are sometimes called hydracids
in distinction from the others which are called oxygen acids or
oxacids.

Note: In certain cases, sulphur, selenium, or tellurium may take the
place of oxygen, and the corresponding compounds are called
respectively sulphur acids or sulphacids, selenium acids, or
tellurium acids. When the hydrogen of an acid is replaced by a
positive element or radical, a salt is formed, and hence acids are
sometimes named as salts of hydrogen; as hydrogen nitrate for nitric
acid, hydrogen sulphate for sulphuric acid, etc. In the old chemistry
the name acid was applied to the oxides of the negative or
nonmetallic elements, now sometimes called anhydrides.

ACIDIC
A*cid"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Containing a high percentage of silica; -- opposed to basic. an
acidic solution.

ACIDIFEROUS
Ac`id*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. acidus sour + -ferous.]

Defn: Containing or yielding an acid.

ACIDIFIABLE
A*cid"i*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being acidified, or converted into an acid.

ACIDIFIC
Ac`id*if"ic, a.

Defn: Producing acidity; converting into an acid. Dana.

ACIDIFICATION
A*cid`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. acidification.]

Defn: The act or process of acidifying, or changing into an acid.

ACIDIFIER
A*cid"i*fi`er, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A simple or compound principle, whose presence is necessary to
produce acidity, as oxygen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, etc.

ACIDIFY
A*cid"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acidified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acidifying.] Etym: [L. acidus sour, acid + -fy: cf. F. acidifier.]

1. To make acid; to convert into an acid; as, to acidify sugar.

2. To sour; to imbitter.
His thin existence all acidified into rage. Carlyle.

ACIDIMETER
Ac`id*im"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. acidus acid + -meter.] (Chem.)

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the strength of acids. Ure.

ACIDIMETRY
Ac`id*im"e*try, n. Etym: [L. acidus acid + -metry.] (Chem.)

Defn: The measurement of the strength of acids, especially by a
chemical process based on the law of chemical combinations, or the
fact that, to produce a complete reaction, a certain definite weight
of reagent is required.
 -- Ac`id*i*met"ric*al, a.

ACIDITY
A*cid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. acidites, fr. acidus: cf. F. acidité. See
Acid.]

Defn: The quality of being sour; sourness; tartness; sharpness to the
taste; as, the acidity of lemon juice.

ACIDLY
Ac"id*ly, adv.

Defn: Sourly; tartly.

ACIDNESS
Ac"id*ness, n.

Defn: Acidity; sourness.

ACID PROCESS
Ac"id proc"ess. (Iron Metal.)

Defn: That variety of either the Bessemer or the open-hearth process
in which the converter or hearth is lined with acid, that is, highly
siliceous, material. Opposed to basic process.

ACIDULATE
A*cid"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acidulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acidulating.] Etym: [Cf. F. aciduler. See Acidulous.]

Defn: To make sour or acid in a moderate degree; to sour somewhat.
Arbuthnot.

ACIDULENT
A*cid"u*lent, a.

Defn: Having an acid quality; sour; acidulous. "With anxious,
acidulent face." Carlyle.

ACIDULOUS
A*cid"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. acidulus, dim. of acidus. See Acid.]

Defn: Slightly sour; sub-acid; sourish; as, an acidulous tincture. E.
Burke. Acidulous mineral waters, such as contain carbonic anhydride.

ACIERAGE
Ac`i*er*age, n. Etym: [F. aciérage, fr. acier steel.]

Defn: The process of coating the surface of a metal plate (as a
stereotype plate) with steellike iron by means of voltaic
electricity; steeling.

ACIFORM
Ac"i*form, a. Etym: [L. acus needle + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like a needle.

ACINACEOUS
Ac"i*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. acinus a grape, grapestone.] (Bot.)

Defn: Containing seeds or stones of grapes, or grains like them.

ACINACES
A*cin"a*ces, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Anc. Hist.)

Defn: A short sword or saber.

ACINACIFORM
Ac`i*nac"i*form, a. Etym: [L. acinaces a short sword + -form: cf. F.
acinaciforme.] (Bot.)

Defn: Scimeter-shaped; as, an acinaciform leaf.

ACINESIA
Ac`i*ne"si*a, n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Akinesia.

ACINETAE
Ac`i*ne"tæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of suctorial Infusoria, which in the adult stage are
stationary. See Suctoria.

ACINETIFORM
Ac`i*net"i*form, a. Etym: [Acinetæ + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling the Acinetæ.

ACINIFORM
A*cin"i*form, a. Etym: [L. acinus a grape, grapestone + -form: cf. F.
acinoforme.]

1. Having the form of a cluster of grapes; clustered like grapes.

2. Full of small kernels like a grape.

ACINOSE; ACINOUS
Ac"i*nose`, Ac"i*nous a. Etym: [L. acinosus, fr. acinus grapestone.]

Defn: Consisting of acini, or minute granular concretions; as,
acinose or acinous glands. Kirwan.

ACINUS
Ac"i*nus, n.; pl. Acini. Etym: [L., grape, grapestone.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) One of the small grains or drupelets which make up some kinds of
fruit, as the blackberry, raspberry, etc.
(b) A grapestone.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the granular masses which constitute a racemose or
compound gland, as the pancreas; also, one of the saccular recesses
in the lobules of a racemose gland. Quain.

ACIPENSER
Ac`i*pen"ser, n. Etym: [L., the name of a fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of ganoid fishes, including the sturgeons, having the
body armed with bony scales, and the mouth on the under side of the
head. See Sturgeon.

ACIURGY
Ac"i*ur`gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Operative surgery.

ACKNOW
Ac*know", v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + know; AS. oncnawan.]

1. To recognize. [Obs.] "You will not be acknown, sir." B. Jonson.

2. To acknowledge; to confess. [Obs.] Chaucer. To be acknown (often
with of or on), to acknowledge; to confess. [Obs.]
We say of a stubborn body that standeth still in the denying of his
fault, This man will not acknowledge his fault, or, He will not be
acknown of his fault. Sir T. More.

ACKNOWLEDGE
Ac*knowl"edge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acknowledged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acknowledging.] Etym: [Prob. fr. pref. a- + the verb knowledge. See
Knowledge, and ci. Acknow.]

1. To of or admit the knowledge of; to recognize as a fact or truth;
to declare one's belief in; as, to acknowledge the being of a God.
I acknowledge my transgressions. Ps. li. 3.
For ends generally acknowledged to be good. Macaulay.

2. To own or recognize in a particular character or relationship; to
admit the claims or authority of; to give recognition to.
In all thy ways acknowledge Him. Prov. iii. 6.
By my soul, I'll ne'er acknowledge thee. Shak.

3. To own with gratitude or as a benefit or an obligation; as, to
acknowledge a favor, the receipt of a letter.
They his gifts acknowledged none. Milton.

4. To own as genuine; to assent to, as a legal instrument, to give it
validity; to avow or admit in legal form; as, to acknowledgea deed.

Syn.
 -- To avow; proclaim; recognize; own; admit; allow; concede;
confess.
 -- Acknowledge, Recognize. Acknowledge is opposed to keep back, or
conceal, and supposes that something had been previously known to us
(though perhaps not to others) which we now feel bound to lay open or
make public. Thus, a man acknowledges a secret marriage; one who has
done wrong acknowledges his fault; and author acknowledges his
obligation to those who have aided him; we acknowledge our ignorance.
Recognize supposes that we have either forgotten or not had the
evidence of a thing distinctly before our minds, but that now we know
it (as it were) anew, or receive and admit in on the ground of the
evidence it brings. Thus, we recognize a friend after a long absence.
We recognize facts, principles, truths, etc., when their evidence is
brought up fresh to the mind; as, bad men usually recognize the
providence of God in seasons of danger. A foreign minister, consul,
or agent, of any kind, is recognized on the ground of his producing
satisfactory credentials. See also Confess.

ACKNOWLEDGEDLY
Ac*knowl"edged*ly, adv.

Defn: Confessedly.

ACKNOWLEDGER
Ac*knowl"edg*er, n.

Defn: One who acknowledges.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Ac*knowl"edg*ment, n.

1. The act of acknowledging; admission; avowal; owning; confession.
"An acknowledgment of fault." Froude.

2. The act of owning or recognized in a particular character or
relationship; recognition as regards the existence, authority, truth,
or genuineness.
Immediately upon the acknowledgment of the Christian faith, the
eunuch was baptized by Philip. Hooker.

3. The owning of a benefit received; courteous recognition;
expression of thanks. Shak.

4. Something given or done in return for a favor, message, etc.
Smollett.

5. A declaration or avowal of one's own act, to give it legal
validity; as, the acknowledgment of a deed before a proper officer.
Also, the certificate of the officer attesting such declaration.
Acknowledgment money, in some parts of England, a sum paid by
copyhold tenants, on the death of their landlords, as an
acknowledgment of their new lords. Cowell.

Syn.
 -- Confession; concession; recognition; admission; avowal;
recognizance.

ACLINIC
A*clin"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physics.)

Defn: Without inclination or dipping; -- said the magnetic needle
balances itself horizontally, having no dip. The aclinic line is also
termed the magnetic equator. Prof. August.

ACME
Ac"me, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. The top or highest point; the culmination.
The very acme and pitch of life for epic poetry. Pope.
The moment when a certain power reaches the acme of its supremacy. I.
Taylor.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The crisis or height of a disease.

3. Mature age; full bloom of life. B. Jonson.

ACNE
Ac"ne, n. Etym: [NL., prob. a corruption of Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A pustular affection of the skin, due to changes in the
sebaceous glands.

ACNODAL
Ac*no"dal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to acnodes.

ACNODE
Ac"node, n. Etym: [L. acus needle + E. node.] (Geom.)

Defn: An isolated point not upon a curve, but whose coördinates
satisfy the equation of the curve so that it is considered as
belonging to the curve.

ACOCK
A*cock", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + cock.]

Defn: In a cocked or turned up fashion.

ACOCKBILL
A*cock"bill`, adv. Etym: [Prefix a- + cock + bill: with bills cocked
up.] (Naut.)
(a) Hanging at the cathead, ready to let go, as an anchor.
(b) Topped up; having one yardarm higher than the other.

ACOLD
A*cold", a. Etym: [Prob. p. p. of OE. acolen to grow cold or cool,
AS. acolian to grow cold; pref. a- (cf. Goth. er-, orig. meaning out)
+ colian to cool. See Cool.]

Defn: Cold. [Obs.] "Poor Tom's acold." Shak.

ACOLOGIC
Ac`o*log"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to acology.

ACOLOGY
A*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: Materia medica; the science of remedies.

ACOLOTHIST
A*col"o*thist, n.

Defn: See Acolythist.

ACOLYCTINE
Ac`o*lyc"tine, n. Etym: [From the name of the plant.] (Chem.)

Defn: An organic base, in the form of a white powder, obtained from
Aconitum lycoctonum. Eng. Cyc.

ACOLYTE
Ac`o*lyte, n. Etym: [LL. acolythus, acoluthus, Gr. acolyte.]

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: One who has received the highest of the four minor orders in
the Catholic church, being ordained to carry the wine and water and
the lights at the Mass.

2. One who attends; an assistant. "With such chiefs, and with James
and John as acolytes." Motley.

ACOLYTH
Ac"o*lyth, n.

Defn: Same as Acolyte.

ACOLYTHIST
A*col"y*thist, n.

Defn: An acolyte. [Obs.]

ACONDDYLOSE; ACONDYLOUS
A*cond"dy*lose`, A*con"dy*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Being without joints; jointless.

ACONITAL
Ac`o*ni"tal, a.

Defn: Of the nature of aconite.

ACONITE
Ac"o*nite, n. Etym: [L. aconitum, Gr. aconit.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The herb wolfsbane, or monkshood; -- applied to any plant of
the genus Aconitum (tribe Hellebore), all the species of which are
poisonous.

2. An extract or tincture obtained from Aconitum napellus, used as a
poison and medicinally. Winter aconite, a plant (Eranthis hyemalis)
allied to the aconites.

ACONITIA
Ac`o*ni"ti*a, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Aconitine.

ACONITIC
Ac`o*nit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to aconite.

ACONITINE
A*con"i*tine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An intensely poisonous alkaloid, extracted from aconite.

ACONITUM
Ac`o*ni"tum, n. Etym: [L. See Aconite.]

Defn: The poisonous herb aconite; also, an extract from it.
Strong As aconitum or rash gunpowder. Shak.

ACONTIA
A*con"ti*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Threadlike defensive organs, composed largely of nettling cells
(cnidæ), thrown out of the mouth or special pores of certain Actiniæ
when irritated.

ACONTIAS
A*con"ti*as, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Anciently, a snake, called dart snake; now, one of a genus of
reptiles closely allied to the lizards.

ACOPIC
A*cop"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. priv. + (Med.)

Defn: Relieving weariness; restorative.

ACORN
A"corn, n. Etym: [AS. æcern, fr. æcer field, acre; akin to D. aker
acorn, Ger. ecker, Icel. akarn, Dan. agern, Goth. akran fruit, akrs
field; -- orig. fruit of the field. See Acre.]

1. The fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup or
cupule.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A cone-shaped piece of wood on the point of the spindle above
the vane, on the mast-head.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Acorn-shell.

ACORN CUP
A"corn cup.

Defn: The involucre or cup in which the acorn is fixed.

ACORNED
A"corned, a.

1. Furnished or loaded with acorns.

2. Fed or filled with acorns. [R.] Shak.

ACORN-SHELL
A"corn-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the sessile cirripeds; a barnacle of the genus Balanus.
See Barnacle.

ACOSMISM
A*cos"mism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A denial of the existence of the universe as distinct from God.

ACOSMIST
A*cos"mist, n. Etym: [See Acosmism.]

Defn: One who denies the existence of the universe, or of a universe
as distinct from God. G. H. Lewes.

ACOTYLEDON
A*cot`y*le"don (#; 277), n. Etym: [Gr. Cotyledon.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant which has no cotyledons, as the dodder and all
flowerless plants.

ACOTYLEDONOUS
A*cot`y*led"on*ous (#; 277), a.

Defn: Having no seed lobes, as the dodder; also applied to plants
which have no true seeds, as ferns, mosses, etc.

ACOUCHY
A*cou"chy, n. Etym: [F. acouchi, from the native name Guiana.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A small species of agouti (Dasyprocta acouchy).

ACOUMETER
A*cou"me*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Physics.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the acuteness of the sense of
hearing. Itard.

ACOUMETRY
A*cou"me*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -metry.]

Defn: The measuring of the power or extent of hearing.

ACOUSTIC
A*cous"tic (#; 277), a. Etym: [F. acoustique, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the sense of hearing, the organs of hearing, or
the science of sounds; auditory. Acoustic duct, the auditory duct, or
external passage of the ear.
 -- Acoustic telegraph, a telegraph making audible signals; a
telephone.
 -- Acoustic vessels, brazen tubes or vessels, shaped like a bell,
used in ancient theaters to propel the voices of the actors, so as to
render them audible to a great distance.

ACOUSTIC
A*cous"tic, n.

Defn: A medicine or agent to assist hearing.

ACOUSTICAL
A*cous"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to acoustics.

ACOUSTICALLY
A*cous"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In relation to sound or to hearing. Tyndall.

ACOUSTICIAN
Ac`ous*ti"cian, n.

Defn: One versed in acoustics. Tyndall.

ACOUSTICS
A*cous"tics (#; 277), n. Etym: [Names of sciences in -ics, as,
acoustics, mathematics, etc., are usually treated as singular. See -
ics.] (Physics.)

Defn: The science of sounds, teaching their nature, phenomena, and
laws.
Acoustics, then, or the science of sound, is a very considerable
branch of physics. Sir J. Herschel.

Note: The science is, by some writers, divided, into diacoustics,
which explains the properties of sounds coming directly from the ear;
and catacoustica, which treats of reflected sounds or echoes.

ACQUAINT
Ac*quaint", a. Etym: [OF. acoint. See Acquaint, v. t.]

Defn: Acquainted. [Obs.]

ACQUAINT
Ac*quaint", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acquainted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acquainting.] Etym: [OE. aqueinten, acointen, OF. acointier, LL.
adcognitare, fr. L. ad + cognitus, p. p. of cognoscere to know; con-
+ noscere to know. See Quaint, Know.]

1. To furnish or give experimental knowledge of; to make (one) to
know; to make familiar; -- followed by with.
Before a man can speak on any subject, it is necessary to be
acquainted with it. Locke.
A man of sorrows and acquainted with grief. Isa. liii. 3.

2. To communicate notice to; to inform; to make cognizant; --
followed by with (formerly, also, by of), or by that, introducing the
intelligence; as, to acquaint a friend with the particulars of an
act.
Acquaint her here of my son Paris' love. Shak.
I must acquaint you that I have received New dated letters from
Northumberland. Shak.

3. To familiarize; to accustom. [Obs.] Evelyn. To be acquainted with,
to be possessed of personal knowledge of; to be cognizant of; to be
more or less familiar with; to be on terms of social intercourse
with.

Syn.
 -- To inform; apprise; communicate; advise.

ACQUAINTABLE
Ac*quaint"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. acointable].

Defn: Easy to be acquainted with; affable. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

ACQUAINTANCE
Ac*quaint"ance, n. Etym: [OE. aqueintance, OF. acointance, fr.
acointier. See Acquaint.]

1. A state of being acquainted, or of having intimate, or more than
slight or superficial, knowledge; personal knowledge gained by
intercourse short of that of friendship or intimacy; as, I know the
man; but have no acquaintance with him.
Contract no friendship, or even acquaintance, with a guileful man.
Sir W. Jones.

2. A person or persons with whom one is acquainted.
Montgomery was an old acquaintance of Ferguson. Macaulay.

Note: In this sense the collective term acquaintance was formerly
both singular and plural, but it is now commonly singular, and has
the regular plural acquaintances. To be of acquaintance, to be
intimate.
 -- To take acquaintance of or with, to make the acquaintance of.
[Obs.]

Syn.
 -- Familiarity; intimacy; fellowship; knowledge.
 -- Acquaintance, Familiarity, Intimacy. These words mark different
degrees of closeness in social intercourse. Acquaintance arises from
occasional intercourse; as, our acquaintance has been a brief one. We
can speak of a slight or an intimate acquaintance. Familiarity is the
result of continued acquaintance. It springs from persons being
frequently together, so as to wear off all restraint and reserve; as,
the familiarity of old companions. Intimacy is the result of close
connection, and the freest interchange of thought; as, the intimacy
of established friendship.
Our admiration of a famous man lessens upon our nearer acquaintance
with him. Addison.
We contract at last such a familiarity with them as makes it
difficult and irksome for us to call off our minds. Atterbury.
It is in our power to confine our friendships and intimacies to men
of virtue. Rogers.

ACQUAINTANCESHIP
Ac*quaint"ance*ship, n.

Defn: A state of being acquainted; acquaintance. Southey.

ACQUAINTANT
Ac*quaint"ant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. acointant, p. pr.]

Defn: An acquaintance. [R.] Swift.

ACQUAINTED
Ac*quaint"ed, a.

Defn: Personally known; familiar. See To be acquainted with, under
Acquaint, v. t.

ACQUAINTEDNESS
Ac*quaint"ed*ness, n.

Defn: State of being acquainted; degree of acquaintance. [R.] Boyle.

ACQUEST
Ac*quest", n. Etym: [OF. aquest, F. acquêt, fr. LL. acquestum,
acquisitum, for L. acquisitum, p. p. (used substantively) of
acquirere to acquire. See Acquire.]

1. Acquisition; the thing gained. [R.] Bacon.

2. (Law)

Defn: Property acquired by purchase, gift, or otherwise than by
inheritance. Bouvier.

ACQUIESCE
Ac`qui*esce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Acquiesced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acquiescing] Etym: [L. acquiescere; ad + quiescere to be quiet, fr.
quies rest: cf. F. acquiescer. See Quiet.]

1. To rest satisfied, or apparently satisfied, or to rest without
opposition and discontent (usually implying previous opposition or
discontent); to accept or consent by silence or by omitting to
object; -- followed by in, formerly also by with and to.
They were compelled to acquiesce in a government which they did not
regard as just. De Quincey.

2. To concur upon conviction; as, to acquiesce in an opinion; to
assent to; usually, to concur, not heartily but so far as to forbear
opposition.

Syn.
 -- To submit; comply; yield; assent; agree; consent; accede; concur;
conform; accept tacitly.

ACQUIESCENCE
Ac`qui*es"cence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. acquiescence.]

1. A silent or passive assent or submission, or a submission with
apparent content; -- distinguished from avowed consent on the one
hand, and on the other, from opposition or open discontent; quiet
satisfaction.

2. (Crim. Law)
(a) Submission to an injury by the party injured.
(b) Tacit concurrence in the action of another. Wharton. p. 17

ACQUIESCENCY
Ac`qui*es"cen*cy, n.

Defn: The quality of being acquiescent; acquiescence.

ACQUIESCENT
Ac`qui*es"cent, a. Etym: [L. acquiescens, -; p. pr.]

Defn: Resting satisfied or submissive; disposed tacitly to submit;
assentive; as, an acquiescent policy.

ACQUIESCENTLY
Ac`qui*es"cent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an acquiescent manner.

ACQUIET
Ac*qui"et, v. t. Etym: [LL. acquietare; L. ad + quies rest. See Quiet
and cf. Acquit.]

Defn: To quiet. [Obs.]
Acquiet his mind from stirring you against your own peace. Sir A.
Sherley.

ACQUIRABILITY
Ac*quir"a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being acquirable; attainableness. [R.] Paley.

ACQUIRABLE
Ac*quir"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being acquired.

ACQUIRE
Ac*quire", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acquired; p. pr. & vb. n. Acquiring.]
Etym: [L. acquirere, acquisitum; ad + quarere to seek for. In OE. was
a verb aqueren, fr. the same, through OF. aquerre. See Quest..]

Defn: To gain, usually by one's own exertions; to get as one's own;
as, to acquire a title, riches, knowledge, skill, good or bad habits.
No virtue is acquired in an instant, but step by step. Barrow.
Descent is the title whereby a man, on the death of his ancestor,
acquires his estate, by right of representation, as his heir at law.
Blackstone.

Syn.
 -- To obtain; gain; attain; procure; win; earn; secure. See Obtain.

ACQUIREMENT
Ac*quire"ment, n.

Defn: The act of acquiring, or that which is acquired; attainment.
"Rules for the acquirement of a taste." Addison.
His acquirements by industry were . . . enriched and enlarged by many
excellent endowments of nature. Hayward.

Syn.
 -- Acquisition, Acquirement. Acquirement is used in opposition to a
natural gift or talent; as, eloquence, and skill in music and
painting, are acquirements; genius is the gift or endowment of
nature. It denotes especially personal attainments, in opposition to
material or external things gained, which are more usually called
acquisitions; but this distinction is not always observed.

ACQUIRER
Ac*quir"er, n.

Defn: A person who acquires.

ACQUIRY
Ac*quir"y, n.

Defn: Acquirement. [Obs.] Barrow.

ACQUISITE
Ac"qui*site, a. Etym: [L. acquisitus, p. p. of acquirere. See
Acquire.]

Defn: Acquired. [Obs.] Burton.

ACQUISITION
Ac`qui*si"tion, n. Etym: [L. acquisitio, fr. acquirere: cf. F.
acquisition. See Acquire.]

1. The act or process of acquiring.
The acquisition or loss of a province. Macaulay.

2. The thing acquired or gained; an acquirement; a gain; as, learning
is an acquisition.

Syn.
 -- See Acquirement.

ACQUISITIVE
Ac*quis"i*tive, a.

1. Acquired. [Obs.]
He died not in his acquisitive, but in his native soil. Wotton.

2. Able or disposed to make acquisitions; acquiring; as, an
acquisitive person or disposition.

ACQUISITIVELY
Ac*quis"i*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In the way of acquisition.

ACQUISITIVENESS
Ac*quis"i*tive*ness, n.

1. The quality of being acquisitive; propensity to acquire property;
desire of possession.

2. (Phren.)

Defn: The faculty to which the phrenologists attribute the desire of
acquiring and possessing. Combe.

ACQUISITOR
Ac*quis"i*tor, n.

Defn: One who acquires.

ACQUIST
Ac*quist", n. Etym: [Cf. Acquest.]

Defn: Acquisition; gain. Milton.

ACQUIT
Ac*quit", p. p.

Defn: Acquitted; set free; rid of. [Archaic] Shak.

ACQUIT
Ac*quit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acquitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Acquitting.]
Etym: [OE. aquiten, OF. aquiter, F. acquitter; (L. ad) + OF. quiter,
F. quitter, to quit. See Quit, and cf. Acquiet.]

1. To discharge, as a claim or debt; to clear off; to pay off; to
requite.
A responsibility that can never be absolutely acquitted. I. Taylor.

2. To pay for; to atone for. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To set free, release or discharge from an obligation, duty,
liability, burden, or from an accusation or charge; -- now followed
by of before the charge, formerly by from; as, the jury acquitted the
prisoner; we acquit a man of evil intentions.

4. Reflexively: (a) To clear one's self.k. (b) To bear or conduct
one's self; to perform one's part; as, the soldier acquitted himself
well in battle; the orator acquitted himself very poorly.

Syn.
 -- To absolve; clear; exonerate; exonerate; exculpate; release;
discharge. See Absolve.

ACQUITMENT
Ac*quit"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. aquitement.]

Defn: Acquittal. [Obs.] Milton.

ACQUITTAL
Ac*quit"tal, n.

1. The act of acquitting; discharge from debt or obligation;
acquittance.

2. (Law)

Defn: A setting free, or deliverance from the charge of an offense,
by verdict of a jury or sentence of a court. Bouvier.

ACQUITTANCE
Ac*quit"tance, n. Etym: [OF. aquitance, fr. aquiter. See Acquit.]

1. The clearing off of debt or obligation; a release or discharge
from debt or other liability.

2. A writing which is evidence of a discharge; a receipt in full,
which bars a further demand.
You can produce acquittances For such a sum, from special officers.
Shak.

ACQUITTANCE
Ac*quit"tance, v. t.

Defn: To acquit. [Obs.] Shak.

ACQUITTER
Ac*quit"ter, n.

Defn: One who acquits or releases.

ACRANIA
A*cra"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: Partial or total absence of the skull.

2. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lowest group of Vertebrata, including the amphioxus, in
which no skull exists.

ACRANIAL
A*cra"ni*al, a.

Defn: Wanting a skull.

ACRASE; ACRAZE
A*crase", A*craze", v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + crase; or cf. F. écraser
to crush. See Crase, Craze.]

1. To craze. [Obs.] Grafton.

2. To impair; to destroy. [Obs.] Hacket.

ACRASIA; ACRASY
A*cra"si*a, Ac"ra*sy n. Etym: [Gr. akrasia.]

Defn: Excess; intemperance. [Obs. except in Med.] Farindon.

ACRASPEDA
A*cras"pe*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of acalephs, including most of the larger jellyfishes;
the Discophora.

ACRE
A"cre, n. Etym: [OE. aker, AS. æcer; akin to OS. accar, OHG. achar,
Ger. acker, Icel. akr, Sw. åker, Dan. ager, Goth. akrs, L. ager, Gr.
ajra. *2, 206.]

1. Any field of arable or pasture land. [Obs.]

2. A piece of land, containing 160 square rods, or 4,840 square
yards, or 43,560 square feet. This is the English statute acre. That
of the United States is the same. The Scotch acre was about 1.26 of
the English, and the Irish 1.62 of the English.

Note: The acre was limited to its present definite quantity by
statutes of Edward I., Edward III., and Henry VIII. Broad acres, many
acres, much landed estate. [Rhetorical] -- God's acre, God's field;
the churchyard.
I like that ancient Saxon phrase, which calls The burial ground,
God's acre. Longfellow.

ACREABLE
A"cre*a*ble, a.

Defn: Of an acre; per acre; as, the acreable produce.

ACREAGE
A"cre*age, n.

Defn: Acres collectively; as, the acreage of a farm or a country.

ACRED
A"cred, a.

Defn: Possessing acres or landed property; -- used in composition;
as, large-acred men.

ACRID
Ac"rid, a. Etym: [L. acer sharp; prob. assimilated in form to acid.
See Eager.]

1. Sharp and harsh, or bitter and not, to the taste; pungent; as,
acrid salts.

2. Causing heat and irritation; corrosive; as, acrid secretions.

3. Caustic; bitter; bitterly irritating; as, acrid temper, mind,
writing. Acrid poison, a poison which irritates, corrodes, or burns
the parts to which it is applied.

ACRIDITY; ACRIDNESS
A*crid"i*ty, Ac"rid*ness n.

Defn: The quality of being acrid or pungent; irritant bitterness;
acrimony; as, the acridity of a plant, of a speech.

ACRIDLY
Ac"rid*ly, adv.

Defn: In an acid manner.

ACRIMONIOUS
Ac"ri*mo"ni*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. acrimonious, F. acrimonieux.]

1. Acrid; corrosive; as, acrimonious gall. [Archaic] Harvey.

2. Caustic; bitter-tempered' sarcastic; as, acrimonious dispute,
language, temper.

ACRIMONIOUSLY
Ac`ri*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an acrimonious manner.

ACRIMONIOUSNESS
Ac`ri*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being acrimonious; asperity; acrimony.

ACRIMONY
Ac"ri*mo*ny, n.; pl. Acrimonies. Etym: [L. acrimonia, fr. acer,
sharp: cf. F. acrimonie.]

1. A quality of bodies which corrodes or destroys others; also, a
harsh or biting sharpness; as, the acrimony of the juices of certain
plants. [Archaic] Bacon.

2. Sharpness or severity, as of language or temper; irritating
bitterness of disposition or manners.
John the Baptist set himself with much acrimony and indignation to
baffle this senseless arrogant conceit of theirs. South.

Syn.
 -- Acrimony, Asperity, Harshness, Tartness. These words express
different degrees of angry feeling or language. Asperity and
harshness arise from angry feelings, connected with a disregard for
the feelings of others. Harshness usually denotes needless severity
or an undue measure of severity. Acrimony is a biting sharpness
produced by an imbittered spirit. Tartness denotes slight asperity
and implies some degree of intellectual readiness. Tartness of reply;
harshness of accusation; acrimony of invective.
In his official letters he expressed, with great acrimony, his
contempt for the king's character. Macaulay.
It is no very cynical asperity not to confess obligations where no
benefit has been received. Johnson.
A just reverence of mankind prevents the growth of harshness and
brutality. Shaftesbury.

ACRISIA; ACRISY
A*cris"i*a, Ac"ri*sy, n. Etym: [LL. acrisia, Gr.

1. Inability to judge.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Undecided character of a disease. [Obs.]

ACRITA
Ac"ri*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lowest groups of animals, in which no nervous system has
been observed.

ACRITAN
Ac"ri*tan, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Acrita.
 -- n. An individual of the Acrita.

ACRITE
Ac"rite, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Acritan. Owen.

ACRITICAL
A*crit"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Having no crisis; giving no indications of a crisis; as,
acritical symptoms, an acritical abscess.

ACRITOCHROMACY
Ac`ri*to*chro"ma*cy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Color blindness; achromatopsy.

ACRITUDE
Ac"ri*tude, n. Etym: [L. acritudo, from acer sharp.]

Defn: Acridity; pungency joined with heat. [Obs.]

ACRITY
Ac"ri*ty, n. Etym: [L. acritas, fr. acer sharp: cf. F. âcreté.]

Defn: Sharpness; keenness. [Obs.]

ACROAMATIC; ACROAMATICAL
Ac`ro*a*mat"ic, Ac`ro*a*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Communicated orally; oral; -- applied to the esoteric teachings
of Aristotle, those intended for his genuine disciples, in
distinction from his exoteric doctrines, which were adapted to
outsiders or the public generally. Hence: Abstruse; profound.

ACROATIC
Ac`ro*at"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Same as Acroamatic.

ACROBAT
Ac"ro*bat, n. Etym: [F. acrobate, fr. Gr.

Defn: One who practices rope dancing, high vaulting, or other daring
gymnastic feats.

ACROBATIC
Ac`ro*bat"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. acrobatique.]

Defn: Pertaining to an acrobat.
 -- Ac`ro*bat"ic*al*ly, adv.

ACROBATISM
Ac"ro*bat*ism, n.

Defn: Feats of the acrobat; daring gymnastic feats; high vaulting.

ACROCARPOUS
Ac`ro*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)
(a) Having a terminal fructification; having the fruit at the end of
the stalk.
(b) Having the fruit stalks at the end of a leafy stem, as in certain
mosses.

ACROCEPHALIC
Ac`ro*ce*phal"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Cephalic.]

Defn: Characterized by a high skull.

ACROCEPHALY
Ac`ro*ceph"a*ly, n.

Defn: Loftiness of skull.

ACROCERAUNIAN
Ac`ro*ce*rau"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. acroceraunius, fr. Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the high mountain range of "thunder-
smitten" peaks (now Kimara), between Epirus and Macedonia. Shelley.

ACRODACTYLUM
Ac`ro*dac"tyl*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The upper surface of the toes, individually.

ACRODONT
Ac"ro*dont, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of lizards having the teeth immovably united to
the top of the alveolar ridge.
 -- a. Of or pertaining to the acrodonts.

ACROGEN
Ac"ro*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the highest class of cryptograms, including the
ferns, etc. See Cryptogamia. The Age of Acrogens (Geol.), the age of
coal plants, or the carboniferous era.

ACROGENOUS
Ac*rog"e*nous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Increasing by growth from the extremity; as, an acrogenous
plant.

ACROLEIN
A*cro"le*in, n. Etym: [L. acer sharp + olere to smell.] (Chem.)

Defn: A limpid, colorless, highly volatile liquid, obtained by the
dehydration of glycerin, or the destructive distillation of neutral
fats containing glycerin. Its vapors are intensely irritating. Watts.

ACROLITH
Ac"ro*lith, n. Etym: [L. acrolthus, Gr. with the ends made of stone;
(Arch. & Sculp.)

Defn: A statue whose extremities are of stone, the trunk being
generally of wood. Elmes.

ACROLITHAN; ACROLITHIC
A*crol"i*than, Ac`ro*lith"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, an acrolith.

ACROMEGALY
Ac`ro*meg"a*ly, n. Etym: [NL. acromegalia, fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Chronic enlargement of the extremities and face.

ACROMIAL
A*cro"mi*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. acromial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the acromion. Dunglison.

ACROMION
A*cro"mi*on, n. Etym: [Gr. acromion.] (Anat.)

Defn: The outer extremity of the shoulder blade.

ACROMONOGRAMMATIC
Ac`ro*mon`o*gram*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having each verse begin with the same letter as that with which
the preceding verse ends.

ACRONYC; ACRONYCHAL
A*cron"yc, A*cron"ych*al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: Rising at sunset and setting at sunrise, as a star; -- opposed
to cosmical.

Note: The word is sometimes incorrectly written acronical,
achronychal, acronichal, and acronical.

ACRONYCALLY
A*cron"yc*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an acronycal manner as rising at the setting of the sun, and
vise versâ.

ACRONYCTOUS
Ac"ro*nyc"tous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: Acronycal.

ACROOK
A*crook", adv.

Defn: Crookedly. [R.] Udall.

ACROPETAL
A*crop"e*tal, a. Etym: [Gr. petere to seek.] (Bot.)

Defn: Developing from below towards the apex, or from the
circumference towards the center; centripetal; -- said of certain
inflorescence.

ACROPHONY; ACHROPHONY
A*croph"o*ny, A*chroph"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The use of a picture symbol of an object to represent
phonetically the initial sound of the name of the object.

ACROPHONY
A*croph"o*ny, n. [Gr. 'a`kros extreme +  sound.]

Defn: The use of a picture symbol of an object to represent
phonetically the initial sound of the name of the object.

ACROPODIUM
Ac`ro*po"di*um, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The entire upper surface of the foot.

ACROPOLIS
A*crop"o*lis, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The upper part, or the citadel, of a Grecian city; especially,
the citadel of Athens.

ACROPOLITAN
Ac"ro*pol"i*tan, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an acropolis.

ACROSPIRE
Ac"ro*spire, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The sprout at the end of a seed when it begins to germinate;
the plumule in germination; -- so called from its spiral form.

ACROSPIRE
Ac"ro*spire, v. i.

Defn: To put forth the first sprout.

ACROSPORE
Ac"ro*spore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A spore borne at the extremity of the cells of fructification
in fungi.

ACROSPOROUS
Ac"ro*spor"ous, a.

Defn: Having acrospores.

ACROSS
A*cross" (#; 115), prep. Etym: [Pref. a- + cross: cf. F. en croix.
See Cross, n.]

Defn: From side to side; athwart; crosswise, or in a direction
opposed to the length; quite over; as, a bridge laid across a river.
Dryden. To come across, to come upon or meet incidentally. Freeman.
 -- To go across the country, to go by a direct course across a
region without following the roads.

ACROSS
A*cross", adv.

1. From side to side; crosswise; as, with arms folded across. Shak.

2. Obliquely; athwart; amiss; awry. [Obs.]
The squint-eyed Pharisees look across at all the actions of Christ.
Bp. Hall.

ACROSTIC
A*cros"tic, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A composition, usually in verse, in which the first or the last
letters of the lines, or certain other letters, taken in order, form
a name, word, phrase, or motto.

2. A Hebrew poem in which the lines or stanzas begin with the letters
of the alphabet in regular order (as Psalm cxix.). See Abecedarian.
Double acrostic, a species of enigma, in which words are to be
guessed whose initial and final letters form other words.

ACROSTIC; ACROSTICAL
A*cros"tic, A*cros"ti*cal, n.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, acrostics.

ACROSTICALLY
A*cros"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: After the manner of an acrostic.

ACROTARSIUM
Ac`ro*tar"si*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The instep or front of the tarsus.

ACROTELEUTIC
Ac`ro*te*leu"tic, n. Etym: [Gr. (Eccles.)

Defn: The end of a verse or psalm, or something added thereto, to be
sung by the people, by way of a response.

ACROTER
Ac"ro*ter, n. Etym: [F. acrotère. See Acroterium.] (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Acroterium.

ACROTERIAL
Ac`ro*te"ri*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an acroterium; as, ornaments. P. Cyc.

ACROTERIUM
Ac`ro*te`ri*um, n.; pl. Acrotplwia. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Arch.)
(a) One of the small pedestals, for statues or other ornaments,
placed on the apex and at the basal angles of a pediment. Acroteria
are also sometimes placed upon the gables in Gothic architecture. J.
H. Parker.
(b) One of the pedestals, for vases or statues, forming a part roof
balustrade.

ACROTIC
A*crot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to or affecting the surface.

ACROTISM
Ac"ro*tism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Lack or defect of pulsation.

ACROTOMOUS
A*crot"o*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Having a cleavage parallel with the base.

ACRYLIC
A*cryl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or containing acryl, the hypothetical radical of which
acrolein is the hydride; as, acrylic acid.

ACT
Act, n. Etym: [L. actus, fr. agere to drive, do: cf. F. acte. See
Agent.]

1. That which is done or doing; the exercise of power, or the effect,
of which power exerted is the cause; a performance; a deed.
That best portion of a good man's life, His little, nameless,
unremembered acts Of kindness and of love. Wordsworth.
Hence, in specific uses:
(a) The result of public deliberation; the decision or determination
of a legislative body, council, court of justice, etc.; a decree,
edit, law, judgment, resolve, award; as, an act of Parliament, or of
Congress.
(b) A formal solemn writing, expressing that something has been done.
Abbott.
(c) A performance of part of a play; one of the principal divisions
of a play or dramatic work in which a certain definite part of the
action is completed.
(d) A thesis maintained in public, in some English universities, by a
candidate for a degree, or to show the proficiency of a student.

2. A state of reality or real existence as opposed to a possibility
or possible existence. [Obs.]
The seeds of plants are not at first in act, but in possibility, what
they afterward grow to be. Hooker.

3. Process of doing; action. In act, in the very doing; on the point
of (doing). "In act to shoot." Dryden.
This woman was taken . . . in the very act. John viii. 4.
Act of attainder. (Law) See Attainder.
 -- Act of bankruptcy (Law), an act of a debtor which renders him
liable to be adjudged a bankrupt.
 -- Act of faith. (Ch. Hist.) See Auto-da-Fé.
 -- Act of God (Law), an inevitable accident; such extraordinary
interruption of the usual course of events as is not to be looked for
in advance, and against which ordinary prudence could not guard.
 -- Act of grace, an expression often used to designate an act
declaring pardon or amnesty to numerous offenders, as at the
beginning of a new reign.
 -- Act of indemnity, a statute passed for the protection of those
who have committed some illegal act subjecting them to penalties.
Abbott.
 -- Act in pais, a thing done out of court (anciently, in the
country), and not a matter of record.

Syn.
 -- See Action.

ACT
Act, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acted; p. pr. & vb. n. Acting.] Etym: [L.
actus, p. p. of agere to drive, lead, do; but influenced by E. act,
n.]

1. To move to action; to actuate; to animate. [Obs.]
Self-love, the spring of motion, acts the soul. Pope.

2. To perform; to execute; to do. [Archaic]
That we act our temporal affairs with a desire no greater than our
necessity. Jer. Taylor.
Industry doth beget by producing good habits, and facility of acting
things expedient for us to do. Barrow.
Uplifted hands that at convenient times Could act extortion and the
worst of crimes. Cowper.

3. To perform, as an actor; to represent dramatically on the stage.

4. To assume the office or character of; to play; to personate; as,
to act the hero.

5. To feign or counterfeit; to simulate.
With acted fear the villain thus pursued. Dryden.
To act a part, to sustain the part of one of the characters in a
play; hence, to simulate; to dissemble.
 -- To act the part of, to take the character of; to fulfill the
duties of.

ACT
Act, v. i.

1. To exert power; to produce an effect; as, the stomach acts upon
food.

2. To perform actions; to fulfill functions; to put forth energy; to
move, as opposed to remaining at rest; to carry into effect a
determination of the will.
He hangs between, in doubt to act or rest. Pope.

3. To behave or conduct, as in morals, private duties, or public
offices; to bear or deport one's self; as, we know not why he has
acted so.

4. To perform on the stage; to represent a character.
To show the world how Garrick did not act. Cowper.
To act as or for, to do the work of; to serve as.
 -- To act on, to regulate one's conduct according to.
 -- To act up to, to equal in action; to fulfill in practice; as, he
has acted up to his engagement or his advantages.

ACTABLE
Act"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being acted. Tennyson.

ACTINAL
Ac"ti*nal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the part of a radiate animal which contains the
mouth. L. Agassiz.

ACTINARIA
Ac`ti*na"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large division of Anthozoa, including those which have simple
tentacles and do not form stony corals. Sometimes, in a wider sense,
applied to all the Anthozoa, expert the Alcyonaria, whether forming
corals or not.

ACTING
Act"ing, a.

1. Operating in any way.

2. Doing duty for another; officiating; as, an superintendent.

ACTINIA
Ac*tin"i*a, n.; pl. L. Actiniæ, E. Actinias. Etym: [Latinized fr. Gr.
(Zoöl.)
(a) An animal of the class Anthozoa, and family Actinidæ. From a
resemblance to flowers in form and color, they are often called
animal flowers and sea anemones. [See Polyp.].
(b) A genus in the family Actinidæ.

ACTINIC
Ac*tin"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to actinism; as, actinic rays.

ACTINIFORM
Ac*tin"i*form, a. Etym: [Gr. -form.]

Defn: Having a radiated form, like a sea anemone.

ACTINISM
Ac"tin*ism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The property of radiant energy (found chiefly in solar or
electric light) by which chemical changes are produced, as in
photography.

ACTINIUM
Ac*tin"i*um, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A supposed metal, said by Phipson to be contained in commercial
zinc; -- so called because certain of its compounds are darkened by
exposure to light.

ACTINO-CHEMISTRY
Ac`ti*no-chem"is*try, n.

Defn: Chemistry in its relations to actinism. Draper.

ACTINOGRAM
Ac*tin"o*gram, n. [Gr. , , ray + -gram.]

Defn: A record made by the actinograph.

ACTINOGRAPH
Ac*tin"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring and recording the variations in the
actinic or chemical force of rays of light. Nichol.

ACTINOID
Ac"tin*oid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Having the form of rays; radiated, as an actinia.

ACTINOLITE
Ac*tin"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A bright green variety of amphibole occurring usually in
fibrous or columnar masses.

ACTINOLITIC
Ac`tin*o*lit"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Of the nature of, or containing, actinolite.

ACTINOLOGY
Ac`ti*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of rays of light, especially of the
actinic or chemical rays.

ACTINOMERE
Ac*tin"o*mere, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the radial segments composing the body of one of the
Coelenterata.

ACTINOMETER
Ac`ti*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter]
(a) An instrument for measuring the direct heating power of the sun's
rays.
(b) An instrument for measuring the actinic effect of rays of light.

ACTINOMETRIC
Ac`ti*no*met"ric, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the measurement of the intensity of the solar
rays, either (a) heating, or (b) actinic.

ACTINOMETRY
Ac`ti*nom"e*try, n.

1. The measurement of the force of solar radiation. Maury.

2. The measurement of the chemical or actinic energy of light. Abney.

ACTINOMYCOSIS
Ac`ti*no*my*co"sis, n. [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: A chronic infectious disease of cattle and man due to the
presence of Actinomyces bovis. It causes local suppurating tumors,
esp. about the jaw. Called also lumpy jaw or big jaw. --
Ac`ti*no*my*cot"ic (#), a.

ACTINOPHONE
Ac*tin"o*phone, n. [Gr. , , ray +  voice.] (Physics)

Defn: An apparatus for the production of sound by the action of the
actinic, or ultraviolet, rays.

ACTINOPHONIC
Ac*tin`o*phon"ic, a. (Physics)

Defn: Pertaining to, or causing the production of, sound by means of
the actinic, or ultraviolet, rays; as, actinophonic phenomena.

ACTINOPHOROUS
Ac`ti*noph"o*rous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having straight projecting spines.

ACTINOSOME
Ac*tin"o*some, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The entire body of a coelenterate.

ACTINOST
Ac"tin*ost, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: (Anat.) One of the bones at the base of a paired fin of a fish.

ACTINOSTOME
Ac*tin"o*stome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The mouth or anterior opening of a coelenterate animal.

ACTINOTROCHA
Ac`ti*not"ro*cha, n. pl. Etym: [NL.; Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar larval form of Phoronis, a genus of marine worms,
having a circle of ciliated tentacles.

ACTINOZOA
Ac"ti*no*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Coelenterata, comprising the Anthozoa Ctenophora.
The sea anemone, or actinia, is a familiar example.

ACTINOZOAL
Ac`ti*no*zo"al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Actinozoa.

ACTINOZOON; ACTINOZOOEN
Ac"ti*no*zo"ön, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Actinozoa.

ACTINULA
Ac*tin"u*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of embryo of certain hydroids (Tubularia), having a
stellate form.

ACTION
Ac"tion, n. Etym: [OF. action, L. actio, fr. agere to do. See Act.]

1. A process or condition of acting or moving, as opposed to rest;
the doing of something; exertion of power or force, as when one body
acts on another; the effect of power exerted on one body by another;
agency; activity; operation; as, the action of heat; a man of action.
One wise in council, one in action brave. Pope.

2. An act; a thing done; a deed; an enterprise. (pl.): Habitual
deeds; hence, conduct; behavior; demeanor.
The Lord is a Good of knowledge, and by him actions are weighed. 1
Sam. ii. 3.

3. The event or connected series of events, either real or imaginary,
forming the subject of a play, poem, or other composition; the
unfolding of the drama of events.

4. Movement; as, the horse has a spirited action.

5. (Mech.)

Defn: Effective motion; also, mechanism; as, the breech action of a
gun.

6. (Physiol.)

Defn: Any one of the active processes going on in an organism; the
performance of a function; as, the action of the heart, the muscles,
or the gastric juice.

7. (Orat.)

Defn: Gesticulation; the external deportment of the speaker, or the
suiting of his attitude, voice, gestures, and countenance, to the
subject, or to the feelings.

8. (Paint. & Sculp.)

Defn: The attitude or position of the several parts of the body as
expressive of the sentiment or passion depicted.

9. (Law)
(a) A suit or process, by which a demand is made of a right in a
court of justice; in a broad sense, a judicial proceeding for the
enforcement or protection of a right, the redress or prevention of a
wrong, or the punishment of a public offense.
(b) A right of action; as, the law gives an action for every claim.

10. (Com.)

Defn: A share in the capital stock of a joint-stock company, or in
the public funds; hence, in the plural, equivalent to stocks. [A
Gallicism] [Obs.]
The Euripus of funds and actions. Burke.

11. An engagement between troops in war, whether on land or water; a
battle; a fight; as, a general action, a partial action.

12. (Music)

Defn: The mechanical contrivance by means of which the impulse of the
player's finger is transmitted to the strings of a pianoforte or to
the valve of an organ pipe. Grove. Chose in action. (Law) See Chose.
 -- Quantity of action (Physics), the product of the mass of a body
by the space it runs through, and its velocity.

Syn.
 -- Action, Act. In many cases action and act are synonymous; but
some distinction is observable. Action involves the mode or process
of acting, and is usually viewed as occupying some time in doing. Act
has more reference to the effect, or the operation as complete.
To poke the fire is an act, to reconcile friends who have quarreled
is a praiseworthy action. C. J. Smith.

ACTIONABLE
Ac"tion*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. actionabilis. See Action.]

Defn: That may be the subject of an action or suit at law; as, to
call a man a thief is actionable.

ACTIONABLY
Ac"tion*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an actionable manner.

ACTIONARY; ACTIONIST
Ac"tion*a*ry, Ac"tion*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. actionnaire.] (Com.)

Defn: A shareholder in joint-stock company. [Obs.]

ACTIONLESS
Ac"tion*less, a.

Defn: Void of action.

ACTIVATE
Ac"ti*vate, v. t.

Defn: To make active. [Obs.]

ACTIVE
Ac"tive, a. Etym: [F. actif, L. activus, fr. agere to act.]

1. Having the power or quality of acting; causing change;
communicating action or motion; acting; -- opposed to Ant: passive,
that receives; as, certain active principles; the powers of the mind.

2. Quick in physical movement; of an agile and vigorous body; nimble;
as, an active child or animal.
Active and nervous was his gait. Wordsworth.

3. In action; actually proceeding; working; in force; -- opposed to
quiescent, dormant, or extinct; as, active laws; active hostilities;
an active volcano.

4. Given to action; constantly engaged in action; energetic;
diligent; busy; -- opposed to dull, sluggish, indolent, or inert; as,
an active man of business; active mind; active zeal.

5. Requiring or implying action or exertion; -- opposed to Ant:
sedentary or to Ant: tranquil; as, active employment or service;
active scenes.

6. Given to action rather than contemplation; practical; operative; -
- opposed to Ant: speculative or Ant: theoretical; as, an active
rather than a speculative statesman.

7. Brisk; lively; as, an active demand for corn.

8. Implying or producing rapid action; as, an active disease; an
active remedy.

9. (Gram.)
(a) Applied to a form of the verb; -- opposed to Ant: passive. See
Active voice, under Voice.
(b) Applied to verbs which assert that the subject acts upon or
affects something else; transitive.
(c) Applied to all verbs that express action as distinct from mere
existence or state. Active capital, Active wealth, money, or property
that may readily be converted into money.

Syn.
 -- Agile; alert; brisk; vigorous; nimble; lively; quick; sprightly;
prompt; energetic.

ACTIVELY
Ac"tive*ly, adv.

1. In an active manner; nimbly; briskly; energetically; also, by
one's own action; voluntarily, not passively.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: In an active signification; as, a word used actively.

ACTIVENESS
Ac"tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being active; nimbleness; quickness of motion;
activity.

ACTIVITY
Ac*tiv"i*ty, n.; pl. Activities. Etym: [Cf. F. activité, LL.
activitas.]

Defn: The state or quality of being active; nimbleness; agility;
vigorous action or operation; energy; active force; as, an increasing
variety of human activities. "The activity of toil." Palfrey.

Syn.
 -- Liveliness; briskness; quickness.

ACTLESS
Act"less, a.

Defn: Without action or spirit. [R.]

ACTON
Ac"ton, n. Etym: [OF. aketon, auqueton, F. hoqueton, a quilted
jacket, fr. Sp. alcoton, algodon, cotton. Cf. Cotton.]

Defn: A stuffed jacket worn under the mail, or (later) a jacket
plated with mail. [Spelled also hacqueton.] [Obs.] Halliwell. Sir W.
Scott.

ACTOR
Ac"tor, n. Etym: [L. actor, fr. agere to act.]

1. One who acts, or takes part in any affair; a doer.

2. A theatrical performer; a stageplayer.
After a well graced actor leaves the stage. Shak.

3. (Law)
(a) An advocate or proctor in civil courts or causes. Jacobs.
(b) One who institutes a suit; plaintiff or complainant.

ACTRESS
Ac`tress, n. Etym: [Cf. F. actrice.]

1. A female actor or doer. [Obs.] Cockeram.

2. A female stageplayer; a woman who acts a part.

ACTUAL
Ac"tu*al (#; 135), a. Etym: [OE. actuel, F. actuel, L. actualis, fr.
agere to do, act.]

1. Involving or comprising action; active. [Obs.]
Her walking and other actual performances. Shak.
Let your holy and pious intention be actual; that is . . . by a
special prayer or action, . . . given to God. Jer. Taylor.

2. Existing in act or reality; really acted or acting; in fact; real;
-- opposed to potential, possible, virtual, speculative, coceivable,
theoretical, or nominal; as, the actual cost of goods; the actual
case under discussion.

3. In action at the time being; now exiting; present; as the actual
situation of the country. Actual cautery. See under Cautery.
 -- Actual sin (Theol.), that kind of sin which is done by ourselves
in contradistinction to "original sin."

Syn.
 -- Real; genuine; positive; certain. See Real.

ACTUAL
Ac"tu*al, n. (Finance)

Defn: Something actually received; real, as distinct from estimated,
receipts. [Cant]
The accounts of revenues supplied . . . were not real receipts: not,
in financial language, "actuals," but only Egyptian budget estimates.
Fortnightly Review.

ACTUALIST
Ac"tu*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who deals with or considers actually existing facts and
conditions, rather than fancies or theories; -- opposed to idealist.
J. Grote.

ACTUALITY
Ac`tu*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Actualities.

Defn: The state of being actual; reality; as, the actuality of God's
nature. South.

ACTUALIZATION
Ac`tu*al*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: A making actual or really existent. [R.] Emerson.

ACTUALIZE
Ac"tu*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make actual; to realize in action. [R.] Coleridge.

ACTUALLY
Ac"tu*al*ly, adv.

1. Actively. [Obs.] "Neither actually . . . nor passively." Fuller.

2. In act or in fact; really; in truth; positively.

ACTUALNESS
Ac"tu*al*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being actual; actuality.

ACTUARIAL
Ac`tu*a"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to actuaries; as, the actuarial value of an
annuity.

ACTUARY
Ac"tu*a*ry, n.; pl. Actuaries. Etym: [L. actuarius copyist, clerk,
fr. actus, p. p. of agere to do, act.]

1. (Law)

Defn: A registar or clerk; -- used originally in courts of civil law
jurisdiction, but in Europe used for a clerk or registar generally.

2. The computing official of an insurance company; one whose
profession it is to calculate for insurance companies the risks and
premiums for life, fire, and other insurances.

ACTUATE
Ac"tu*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Actuated; p. pr. & vb. n. Actuating.]
Etym: [LL. actuatus, p. p. of actuare, fr. L. actus act.]

1. To put into action or motion; to move or incite to action; to
influence actively; to move as motives do; -- more commonly used of
persons.
Wings, which others were contriving to actuate by the perpetual
motion. Johnson.
Men of the greatest abilities are most fired with ambition; and, on
the contrary, mean and narrow minds are the least actuated by it.
Addison.

2. To carry out in practice; to perform. [Obs.] "To actuate what you
command." Jer. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- To move; impel; incite; rouse; instigate; animate.

ACTUATE
Ac"tu*ate, a. Etym: [LL. actuatus, p. p. of actuare.]

Defn: Put in action; actuated. [Obs.] South.

ACTUATION
Ac`tu*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. actuatio.]

Defn: A bringing into action; movement. Bp. Pearson.

ACTUATOR
Ac"tu*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who actuates, or puts into action. [R.] Melville.

ACTUOSE
Ac"tu*ose`, a. Etym: [L. actuosus.]

Defn: Very active. [Obs.]

ACTUOSITY
Ac`tu*os"i*ty, n.

Defn: Abundant activity. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

ACTURE
Ac"ture, n.

Defn: Action. [Obs.] Shak.

ACTURIENCE
Ac*tu"ri*ence, n. Etym: [A desid. of L. agere, actum, to act.]

Defn: Tendency or impulse to act. [R.]
Acturience, or desire of action, in one form or another, whether as
restlessness, ennui, dissatisfaction, or the imagination of something
desirable. J. Grote.

ACUATE
Ac"u*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. acus needle.]

Defn: To sharpen; to make pungent; to quicken. [Obs.] "[To] acuate
the blood." Harvey.

ACUATE
Ac"u*ate, a.

Defn: Sharpened; sharp-pointed.

ACUATION
Ac`u*a"tion, n.

Defn: Act of sharpening. [R.]

ACUITION
Ac`u*i"tion, n. Etym: [L. acutus, as if acuitus, p. p. of acuere to
sharpen.]

Defn: The act of sharpening. [Obs.]

ACUITY
A*cu"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. acuitas: cf. F. acuité.]

Defn: Sharpness or acuteness, as of a needle, wit, etc.

ACULEATE
A*cu"le*ate, a. Etym: [L. aculeatus, fr. aculeus, dim. of acus
needle.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a sting; covered with prickles; sharp like a prickle.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having prickles, or sharp points; beset with prickles.

3. Severe or stinging; incisive. [R.] Bacon.

ACULEATED
A*cu"le*a`ted, a.

Defn: Having a sharp point; armed with prickles; prickly; aculeate.

ACULEIFORM
A*cu"le*i*form, a.

Defn: Like a prickle.

ACULEOLATE
A*cu"le*o*late, a. Etym: [L. aculeolus little needle.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having small prickles or sharp points. Gray.

ACULEOUS
A*cu"le*ous, a.

Defn: Aculeate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ACULEUS
A*cu"le*us, n.; pl. Aculei. Etym: [L., dim. of acus needle.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A prickle growing on the bark, as in some brambles and roses.
Lindley.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sting.

ACUMEN
A*cu"men, n. Etym: [L. acumen, fr. acuere to sharpen. Cf. Acute.]

Defn: Quickness of perception or discernment; penetration of mind;
the faculty of nice discrimination. Selden.

Syn.
 -- Sharpness; sagacity; keenness; shrewdness; acuteness.

ACUMINATE
A*cu"mi*nate, a. Etym: [L. acuminatus, p. p. of acuminare to sharpen,
fr. acumen. See Acumen.]

Defn: Tapering to a point; pointed; as, acuminate leaves, teeth, etc.

ACUMINATE
A*cu"mi*nate, v. t.

Defn: To render sharp or keen. [R.] "To acuminate even despair."
Cowper.

ACUMINATE
A*cu"mi*nate, v. i.

Defn: To end in, or come to, a sharp point. "Acuminating in a cone of
prelacy." Milton.

ACUMINATION
A*cu`mi*na"tion, n.

Defn: A sharpening; termination in a sharp point; a tapering point.
Bp. Pearson.

ACUMINOSE
A*cu"mi*nose`, a.

Defn: Terminating in a flat, narrow end. Lindley.

ACUMINOUS
A*cu"mi*nous, a.

Defn: Characterized by acumen; keen. Highmore.

ACUPRESSURE
Ac`u*pres"sure, n. Etym: [L. acus needle + premere, pressum, to
press.] (Surg.)

Defn: A mode of arresting hemorrhage resulting from wounds or
surgical operations, by passing under the divided vessel a needle,
the ends of which are left exposed externally on the cutaneous
surface. Simpson.

ACUPUNCTURATION
Ac`u*punc`tu*ra"tion, n.

Defn: See Acupuncture.

ACUPUNCTURE
Ac`u*punc"ture, n. Etym: [L. acus needle + punctura a pricking, fr.
pungere to prick: cf. F. acuponcture.]

Defn: Pricking with a needle; a needle prick. Specifically (Med.):

Defn: The insertion of needles into the living tissues for remedial
purposes.

ACUPUNCTURE
Ac`u*punc"ture, v. t.

Defn: To treat with acupuncture.

ACUSTUMAUNCE
A*cus"tum*aunce, n.

Defn: See Accustomance. [Obs.]

ACUTANGULAR
A*cut"an`gu*lar, a.

Defn: Acute-angled.

ACUTE
A*cute", a. Etym: [L. acutus, p. p. of acuere to sharpen, fr. a root
ak to be sharp. Cf. Ague, Cute, Edge.]

1. Sharp at the end; ending in a sharp point; pointed; -- opposed to
blunt or obtuse; as, an acute angle; an acute leaf.

2. Having nice discernment; perceiving or using minute distinctions;
penetrating; clever; shrewd; -- opposed to Ant: dull or Ant: stupid;
as, an acute observer; acute remarks, or reasoning.

3. Having nice or quick sensibility; susceptible to slight
impressions; acting keenly on the senses; sharp; keen; intense; as, a
man of acute eyesight, hearing, or feeling; acute pain or pleasure.

4. High, or shrill, in respect to some other sound; -- opposed to
grave or low; as, an acute tone or accent.

5. (Med.)

Defn: Attended with symptoms of some degree of severity, and coming
speedily to a crisis; -- opposed to chronic; as, an acute disease.
Acute angle (Geom.), an angle less than a right angle.

Syn.
 -- Subtile; ingenious; sharp; keen; penetrating; sagacious; sharp-
witted; shrewd; discerning; discriminating. See Subtile.

ACUTE
A*cute", v. t.

Defn: To give an acute sound to; as, he acutes his rising inflection
too much. [R.] Walker.

ACUTE-ANGLED
A*cute"-*an`gled, a.

Defn: Having acute angles; as, an acute-angled triangle, a triangle
with every one of its angles less than a right angle.

ACUTELY
A*cute"ly, adv.

Defn: In an acute manner; sharply; keenly; with nice discrimination.

ACUTENESS
A*cute"ness, n.

1. The quality of being acute or pointed; sharpness; as, the
acuteness of an angle.

2. The faculty of nice discernment or perception; acumen; keenness;
sharpness; sensitiveness; -- applied to the senses, or the
understanding. By acuteness of feeling, we perceive small objects or
slight impressions: by acuteness of intellect, we discern nice
distinctions.
Perhaps, also, he felt his professional acuteness interested in
bringing it to a successful close. Sir W. Scott.

3. Shrillness; high pitch; -- said of sounds.

4. (Med.)

Defn: Violence of a disease, which brings it speedily to a crisis.

Syn.
 -- Penetration; sagacity; keenness; ingenuity; shrewdness; subtlety;
sharp-wittedness.

ACUTIFOLIATE
A*cu`ti*fo"li*ate, a. Etym: [L. acutus sharp + folium leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having sharp-pointed leaves.

ACUTILOBATE
A*cu`ti*lo"bate, a. Etym: [L. acutus sharp + E. lobe.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having acute lobes, as some leaves.

ACUTORSION
Ac`u*tor"sion, n. [L. acus needle + torsion.] (Med.)

Defn: The twisting of an artery with a needle to arrest hemorrhage.

ACYCLIC
A*cyc"lic, a. [Pref. a- not + cyclic.]

Defn: Not cyclic; not disposed in cycles or whorls; as: (a) (Bot.)

Defn: Of a flower, having its parts inserted spirally on the
receptacle.
 (b) (Org. Chem.) Having an open-chain structure; aliphatic.

ACYL
Ac"yl, n.  [Acid + -yl.] (Org. Chem.)

Defn: An acid radical, as acetyl, malonyl, or benzoyl.

AD-
Ad-. Etym: [A Latin preposition, signifying to. See At.]

Defn: As a prefix ad- assumes the forms ac-, af-, ag-, al-, an-, ap-,
ar-, as-, at-, assimilating the d with the first letter of the word
to which ad- is prefixed. It remains unchanged before vowels, and
before d, h, j, m, v. Examples: adduce, adhere, adjacent, admit,
advent, accord, affect, aggregate, allude, annex, appear, etc. It
becomes ac- before qu, as in acquiesce.

ADACT
Ad*act", v. t. Etym: [L. adactus, p. p. of adigere.]

Defn: To compel; to drive. [Obs.] Fotherby.

ADACTYL; ADACTYLOUS
A*dac"tyl, A*dac"tyl*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) Without fingers or without toes.
(b) Without claws on the feet (of crustaceous animals).

ADAGE
Ad"age, n. Etym: [F. adage, fr. L. adagium; ad + the root of L. aio I
say.]

Defn: An old saying, which has obtained credit by long use; a
proverb.
Letting "I dare not" wait upon "I would," Like the poor cat i' the
adage. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Axiom; maxim; aphorism; proverb; saying; saw; apothegm. See
Axiom.

ADAGIAL
A*da"gi*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an adage; proverbial. "Adagial verse." Barrow.

ADAGIO
A*da"gio, a. & adv. Etym: [It. adagio; ad (L. ad) at + agio
convenience, leisure, ease. See Agio.] (Mus.)

Defn: Slow; slowly, leisurely, and gracefully. When repeated, adagio,
adagio, it directs the movement to be very slow.

ADAGIO
A*da"gio, n.

Defn: A piece of music in adagio time; a slow movement; as, an adagio
of Haydn.

ADAM
Ad"am, n.

1. The name given in the Bible to the first man, the progenitor of
the human race.

2. (As a symbol)

Defn: "Original sin;" human frailty.
And whipped the offending Adam out of him. Shak.
Adam's ale, water. [Coll.] -- Adam's apple.

1. (Bot.) (a) A species of banana (Musa paradisiaca). It attains a
height of twenty feet or more. Paxton]. (b) A species of lime (Citris
limetta).

2. The projection formed by the thyroid cartilage in the neck. It is
particularly prominent in males, and is so called from a notion that
it was caused by the forbidden fruit (an apple) sticking in the
throat of our first parent.
 -- Adam's flannel (Bot.), the mullein (Verbascum thapsus).
 -- Adam's needle (Bot.), the popular name of a genus (Yucca) of
liliaceous plants.

ADAMANT
Ad"a*mant, n. Etym: [OE. adamaunt, adamant, diamond, magnet, OF.
adamant, L. adamas, adamantis, the hardest metal, fr. Gr. adamare to
love, be attached to, the word meant also magnet, as in OF. and LL.
See Diamond, Tame.]

1. A stone imagined by some to be of impenetrable hardness; a name
given to the diamond and other substance of extreme hardness; but in
modern minerology it has no technical signification. It is now a
rhetorical or poetical name for the embodiment of impenetrable
hardness.
Opposed the rocky orb Of tenfold adamant, his ample shield. Milton.

2. Lodestone; magnet. [Obs.] "A great adamant of acquaintance."
Bacon.
As true to thee as steel to adamant. Greene.

ADAMANTEAN
Ad`a*man*te"an, a. Etym: [L. adamanteus.]

Defn: Of adamant; hard as adamant. Milton.

ADAMANTINE
Ad`a*man"tine, a. Etym: [L. adamantinus, Gr.

1. Made of adamant, or having the qualities of adamant; incapable of
being broken, dissolved, or penetrated; as, adamantine bonds or
chains.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Like the diamond in hardness or luster.

ADAMBULACRAL
Ad`am*bu*la"cral, a. Etym: [L. ad + E. ambulacral.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Next to the ambulacra; as, the adambulacral ossicles of the
starfish.

ADAMIC; ADAMICAL
A*dam"ic, A*dam"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Adam, or resembling him. Adamic earth, a
name given to common red clay, from a notion that Adam means red
earth.

ADAMITE
Ad"am*ite, n. Etym: [From Adam.]

1. A descendant of Adam; a human being.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of visionaries, who, professing to imitate the
state of Adam, discarded the use of dress in their assemblies.

ADAM'S APPLE
Ad"am's ap"ple.

Defn: See under Adam.

ADANCE
A*dance", adv.

Defn: Dancing. Lowell.

ADANGLE
A*dan"gle, adv.

Defn: Dangling. Browning.

ADANSONIA
Ad`an*so"ni*a, n. Etym: [From Adanson, a French botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of great trees related to the Bombax. There are two
species, A. digitata, the baobab or monkey-bread of Africa and India,
and A. Gregorii, the sour gourd or cream-of-tartar tree of Australia.
Both have a trunk of moderate height, but of enormous diameter, and a
wide-spreading head. The fruit is oblong, and filled with pleasantly
acid pulp. The wood is very soft, and the bark is used by the natives
for making ropes and cloth. D. C. Eaton.

ADAPT
A*dapt", a.

Defn: Fitted; suited. [Obs.] Swift.

ADAPT
A*dapt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adapted; p. pr. & vb. n. Adapting.]
Etym: [L. adaptare; ad + aptare to fit; cf. F. adapter. See Apt,
Adept.]

Defn: To make suitable; to fit, or suit; to adjust; to alter so as to
fit for a new use; -- sometimes followed by to or for.
For nature, always in the right, To your decays adapts my sight.
Swift.
Appeals adapted to his [man's] whole nature. Angus.
Streets ill adapted for the residence of wealthy persons. Macaulay.

ADAPTABILITY; ADAPTABLENESS
A*dapt`a*bil"i*ty, A*dapt"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being adaptable; suitableness. "General
adaptability for every purpose." Farrar.

ADAPTABLE
A*dapt"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being adapted.

ADAPTATION
Ad`ap*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. adaptation, LL. adaptatio.]

1. The act or process of adapting, or fitting; or the state of being
adapted or fitted; fitness. "Adaptation of the means to the end."
Erskine.

2. The result of adapting; an adapted form.

ADAPTATIVE
A*dapt"a*tive, a.

Defn: Adaptive. Stubbs.

ADAPTEDNESS
A*dapt"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being adapted; suitableness; special
fitness.

ADAPTER
A*dapt"er, n.

1. One who adapts.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A connecting tube; an adopter.

ADAPTION
A*dap"tion, n.

Defn: Adaptation. Cheyne.

ADAPTIVE
A*dapt"ive, a.

Defn: Suited, given, or tending, to adaptation; characterized by
adaptation; capable of adapting. Coleridge.
 -- A*dapt"ive*ly, adv.

ADAPTIVENESS
A*dapt"ive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being adaptive; capacity to adapt.

ADAPTLY
A*dapt"ly, adv.

Defn: In a suitable manner. [R.] Prior.

ADAPTNESS
A*dapt"ness, n.

Defn: Adaptedness. [R.]

ADAPTORIAL
Ad`ap*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Adaptive. [R.]

ADAR
A"dar, n. Etym: [Heb. adär.]

Defn: The twelfth month of the Hebrew ecclesiastical year, and the
sixth of the civil. It corresponded nearly with March.

ADARCE
A*dar"ce, n. Etym: [L. adarce, adarca, Gr.

Defn: A saltish concretion on reeds and grass in marshy grounds in
Galatia. It is soft and porous, and was formerly used for cleansing
the skin from freckles and tetters, and also in leprosy. Dana.

ADATIS
Ad"a*tis, n.

Defn: A fine cotton cloth of India.

ADAUNT
A*daunt", v. t. Etym: [OE. adaunten to overpower, OF. adonter; à (L.
ad) + donter, F. dompter. See Daunt.]

Defn: To daunt; to subdue; to mitigate. [Obs.] Skelton.

ADAW
A*daw", v. t. Etym: [Cf. OE. adawe of dawe, AS. of dagum from days,
i. e., from life, out of life.]

Defn: To subdue; to daunt. [Obs.]
The sight whereof did greatly him adaw. Spenser.

ADAW
A*daw", v. t. & i. Etym: [OE. adawen to wake; pref. a- (cf. Goth. us-
, Ger. er-) + dawen, dagon, to dawn. See Daw.]

Defn: To awaken; to arouse. [Obs.]
A man that waketh of his sleep He may not suddenly well taken keep
Upon a thing, ne seen it parfitly Till that he be adawed verily.
Chaucer.

ADAYS
A*days", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- (for on) + day; the final s was orig. a
genitive ending, afterwards forming adverbs.]

Defn: By day, or every day; in the daytime. [Obs.] Fielding.

AD CAPTANDUM
Ad cap*tan"dum. Etym: [L., for catching.]

Defn: A phrase used adjectively sometimes of meretricious attempts to
catch or win popular favor.

ADD
Add, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Added; p. pr. & vb. n. Adding.] Etym: [L.
addere; ad + dare to give, put. Cf. Date, Do.]

1. To give by way of increased possession (to any one); to bestow
(on).
The Lord shall add to me another son. Gen. xxx. 24.

2. To join or unite, as one thing to another, or as several
particulars, so as to increase the number, augment the quantity,
enlarge the magnitude, or so as to form into one aggregate. Hence: To
sum up; to put together mentally; as, to add numbers; to add up a
column.
Back to thy punishment, False fugitive, and to thy speed add wings.
Milton.
As easily as he can add together the ideas of two days or two years.
Locke.

3. To append, as a statement; to say further.
He added that he would willingly consent to the entire abolition of
the tax. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- To Add, Join, Annex, Unite, Coalesce. We add by bringing things
together so as to form a whole. We join by putting one thing to
another in close or continuos connection. We annex by attaching some
adjunct to a larger body. We unite by bringing things together so
that their parts adhere or intermingle. Things coalesce by coming
together or mingling so as to form one organization. To add
quantities; to join houses; to annex territory; to unite kingdoms; to
make parties coalesce.

ADD
Add, v. i.

1. To make an addition. To add to, to augment; to increase; as, it
adds to our anxiety. "I will add to your yoke." 1 Kings xii. 14.

2. To perform the arithmetical operation of addition; as, he adds
rapidly.

ADDABLE
Add"a*ble, a. Etym: [Add, v. + -able.]

Defn: Addible.

ADDAX
Ad"dax, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the largest African antelopes (Hippotragus, or Oryx,
nasomaculatus).

Note: It is now believed to be the Strepsiceros (twisted horn) of the
ancients. By some it is thought to be the pygarg of the Bible.

ADDEEM
Ad*deem", v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + deem.]

Defn: To award; to adjudge. [Obs.] "Unto him they did addeem the
prise." Spenser.

ADDENDUM
Ad*den"dum, n.; pl. Addenda. Etym: [L., fr. addere to add.]

Defn: A thing to be added; an appendix or addition. Addendum circle
(Mech.), the circle which may be described around a circular spur
wheel or gear wheel, touching the crests or tips of the teeth.
Rankine.

ADDER
Add"er, n. Etym: [See Add.]

Defn: One who, or that which, adds; esp., a machine for adding
numbers.

ADDER
Ad"der, n. Etym: [OE. addere, naddere, eddre, AS. nædre, adder,
snake; akin to OS. nadra, OHG. natra, natara, Ger. natter, Goth.
nadrs, Icel. nathr, masc., nathra, fem.: cf. W. neidr, Gorn. naddyr,
Ir. nathair, L. natrix, water snake. An adder is for a nadder.]

1. A serpent. [Obs.] "The eddre seide to the woman." Wyclif. Gen.
iii. 4. )

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A small venomous serpent of the genus Vipera. The common European
adder is the Vipera (or Pelias) berus. The puff adders of Africa are
species of Clotho.
(b) In America, the term is commonly applied to several harmless
snakes, as the milk adder, puffing adder, etc.
(c) Same as Sea Adder.

Note: In the sculptures the appellation is given to several venomous
serpents, -- sometimes to the horned viper (Cerastles).

ADDER FLY
Ad"der fly.

Defn: A dragon fly.

ADDER'S-TONGUE
Ad"der's-tongue`, n. (Bot.)
(a) A genus of ferns (Ophioglossum), whose seeds are produced on a
spike resembling a serpent's tongue.
(b) The yellow dogtooth violet. Gray.

ADDERWORT
Ad"der*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The common bistort or snakeweed (Polygonum bistorta).

ADDIBILITY
Add`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quantity of being addible; capability of addition. Locke.

ADDIBLE
Add"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being added. "Addible numbers." Locke.

ADDICE
Ad"dice, n.

Defn: See Adze. [Obs.] Moxon.

ADDICT
Ad*dict", p. p.

Defn: Addicted; devoted. [Obs.]

ADDICT
Ad*dict", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Addicted; p. pr. & vb. n. Addicting.]
Etym: [L. addictus, p. p. of addicere to adjudge, devote; ad + dicere
to say. See Diction.]

1. To apply habitually; to devote; to habituate; -- with to. "They
addict themselves to the civil law." Evelyn.
He is addicted to his study. Beau. & Fl.
That part of mankind that addict their minds to speculations.
Adventurer.
His genius addicted him to the study of antiquity. Fuller.
A man gross . . . and addicted to low company. Macaulay.

2. To adapt; to make suitable; to fit. [Obs.]
The land about is exceedingly addicted to wood, but the coldness of
the place hinders the growth. Evelyn.

Syn.
 -- Addict, Devote, Consecrate, Dedicate. Addict was formerly used in
a good sense; as, addicted to letters; but is now mostly employed in
a bad sense or an indifferent one; as, addicted to vice; addicted to
sensual indulgence. "Addicted to staying at home." J. S. Mill. Devote
is always taken in a good sense, expressing habitual earnestness in
the pursuit of some favorite object; as, devoted to science.
Consecrate and dedicate express devotion of a higher kind, involving
religious sentiment; as, consecrated to the service of the church;
dedicated to God.

ADDICTEDNESS
Ad*dict"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being addicted; attachment.

ADDICTION
Ad*dic"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. L. addictio an adjudging.]

Defn: The state of being addicted; devotion; inclination. "His
addiction was to courses vain." Shak.

ADDISON'S DISEASE
Ad"di*son's dis*ease". Etym: [Named from Thomas Addison, M. D., of
London, who first described it.] (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition causing a peculiar brownish discoloration of
the skin, and thought, at one time, to be due to disease of the
suprarenal capsules (two flat triangular bodies covering the upper
part of the kidneys), but now known not to be dependent upon this
causes exclusively. It is usually fatal.

ADDITAMENT
Ad*dit"a*ment, n. Etym: [L. additamentum, fr. additus, p. p. of
addere to add.]

Defn: An addition, or a thing added. Fuller.
My persuasion that the latter verses of the chapter were an
additament of a later age. Coleridge.

ADDITION
Ad*di"tion, n. Etym: [F. addition, L. additio, fr. addere to add.]

1. The act of adding two or more things together; -- opposed to
subtraction or diminution. "This endless addition or addibility of
numbers." Locke.

2. Anything added; increase; augmentation; as, a piazza is an
addition to a building.

3. (Math.)

Defn: That part of arithmetic which treats of adding numbers.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A dot at the right side of a note as an indication that its
sound is to be lengthened one half. [R.]

5. (Law)

Defn: A title annexed to a man's name, to identify him more
precisely; as, John Doe, Esq.; Richard Roe, Gent.; Robert Dale,
Mason; Thomas Way, of New York; a mark of distinction; a title.

6. (Her.)

Defn: Something added to a coat of arms, as a mark of honor; --
opposed to abatement. Vector addition (Geom.), that kind of addition
of two lines, or vectors, AB and BC, by which their sum is regarded
as the line, or vector, AC.

Syn.
 -- Increase; accession; augmentation; appendage; adjunct.

ADDITIONAL
Ad*di"tion*al, a.

Defn: Added; supplemental; in the way of an addition.

ADDITIONAL
Ad*di"tion*al, n.

Defn: Something added. [R.] Bacon.

ADDITIONALLY
Ad*di"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of addition.

ADDITIONARY
Ad*di"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Additional. [R.] Herbert.

ADDITITIOUS
Ad`di*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. addititius, fr. addere.]

Defn: Additive. [R.] Sir J. Herschel.

ADDITIVE
Ad"di*tive, a. Etym: [L. additivus.] (Math.)

Defn: Proper to be added; positive; -- opposed to subtractive.

ADDITORY
Ad"di*to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to add; making some addition. [R.] Arbuthnot.

ADDLE
Ad"dle, n. Etym: [OE. adel, AS. adela, mud.]

1. Liquid filth; mire. [Obs.]

2. Lees; dregs. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

ADDLE
Ad"dle, a.

Defn: Having lost the power of development, and become rotten, as
eggs; putrid. Hence: Unfruitful or confused, as brains; muddled.
Dryden.

ADDLE
Ad"dle, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Addled; p. pr. & vb. n. Addling.]

Defn: To make addle; to grow addle; to muddle; as, he addled his
brain. "Their eggs were addled." Cowper.

ADDLE
Ad"dle, v. t. & i. Etym: [OE. adlen, adilen, to gain, acquire; prob.
fr. Icel. ö\'eblask to acquire property, akin to othal property. Cf.
Allodial.]

1. To earn by labor. [Prov. Eng.] Forby.

2. To thrive or grow; to ripen. [Prov. Eng.]
Kill ivy, else tree will addle no more. Tusser.

ADDLE-BRAIN; ADDLE-HEAD; ADDLE-PATE
Ad"dle-brain`, Ad"dle-head`, Ad"dle-pate, n.

Defn: A foolish or dull-witted fellow. [Colloq.]

ADDLE-BRAINED; ADDLE-HEADED; ADDLE-PATED
Ad"dle-brained`, Ad"dle-head`ed, Ad"dle-pa`ted, a.

Defn: Dull-witted; stupid. "The addle-brained Oberstein." Motley.
Dull and addle-pated. Dryden.

ADDLE-PATEDNESS
Ad"dle-pa`ted*ness, n.

Defn: Stupidity.

ADDLINGS
Ad"dlings, n. pl. Etym: [See Addle, to earn.]

Defn: Earnings. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

ADDOOM
Ad*doom", v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + doom.]

Defn: To adjudge. [Obs.] Spenser.

ADDORSED
Ad*dorsed", a. Etym: [L. ad + dorsum, back: cf. F. adossé.] (Her.)

Defn: Set or turned back to back.

ADDRESS
Ad*dress", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Addressed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Addressing.] Etym: [OE. adressen to raise erect, adorn, OF. adrecier,
to straighten, address, F. adresser, fr. à (L. ad) + OF. drecier, F.
dresser, to straighten, arrange. See Dress, v.]

1. To aim; to direct. [Obs.] Chaucer.
And this good knight his way with me addrest. Spenser.

2. To prepare or make ready. [Obs.]
His foe was soon addressed. Spenser.
Turnus addressed his men to single fight. Dryden.
The five foolish virgins addressed themselves at the noise of the
bridegroom's coming. Jer. Taylor.

3. Reflexively: To prepare one's self; to apply one's skill or
energies (to some object); to betake.
These men addressed themselves to the task. Macaulay.

4. To clothe or array; to dress. [Archaic]
Tecla . . . addressed herself in man's apparel. Jewel.

5. To direct, as words (to any one or any thing); to make, as a
speech, petition, etc. (to any one, an audience).
The young hero had addressed his players to him for his assistance.
Dryden.

6. To direct speech to; to make a communication to, whether spoken or
written; to apply to by words, as by a speech, petition, etc., to
speak to; to accost.
Are not your orders to address the senate Addison.
The representatives of the nation addressed the king. Swift.

7. To direct in writing, as a letter; to superscribe, or to direct
and transmit; as, he addressed a letter.

8. To make suit to as a lover; to court; to woo.

9. (Com.)

Defn: To consign or intrust to the care of another, as agent or
factor; as, the ship was addressed to a merchant in Baltimore. To
address one's self to. (a) To prepare one's self for; to apply one's
self to. (b) To direct one's speech or discourse to.

ADDRESS
Ad*dress", v. i.

1. To prepare one's self. [Obs.] "Let us address to tend on Hector's
heels." Shak.

2. To direct speech. [Obs.]
Young Turnus to the beauteous maid addrest. Dryden.

Note: The intransitive uses come from the dropping out of the
reflexive pronoun.

ADDRESS
Ad*dress, n. Etym: [Cf. F. adresse. See Address, v. t.]

1. Act of preparing one's self. [Obs.] Jer Taylor.

2. Act of addressing one's self to a person; verbal application.

3. A formal communication, either written or spoken; a discourse; a
speech; a formal application to any one; a petition; a formal
statement on some subject or special occasion; as, an address of
thanks, an address to the voters.

4. Direction or superscription of a letter, or the name, title, and
place of residence of the person addressed.

5. Manner of speaking to another; delivery; as, a man of pleasing or
insinuating address.

6. Attention in the way one's addresses to a lady. Addison.

7. Skill; skillful management; dexterity; adroitness.

Syn.
 -- Speech; discourse; harangue; oration; petition; lecture;
readiness; ingenuity; tact; adroitness.

ADDRESSEE
Ad`dress*ee", n.

Defn: One to whom anything is addressed.

ADDRESSION
Ad*dres"sion, n.

Defn: The act of addressing or directing one's course. [Rare & Obs.]
Chapman.

ADDUCE
Ad*duce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adduced; p. pr. & vb. n. Adducing.]
Etym: [L. adducere, adductum, to lead or bring to; ad + ducere to
lead. See Duke, and cf. Adduct.]

Defn: To bring forward or offer, as an argument, passage, or
consideration which bears on a statement or case; to cite; to allege.
Reasons . . . were adduced on both sides. Macaulay.
Enough could not be adduced to satisfy the purpose of illustration.
De Quincey.

Syn.
 -- To present; allege; advance; cite; quote; assign; urge; name;
mention.

ADDUCENT
Ad*du"cent, a. Etym: [L. addunces, p. pr. of adducere.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Bringing together or towards a given point; -- a word applied
to those muscles of the body which pull one part towards another.
Opposed to abducent.

ADDUCER
Ad*du"cer, n.

Defn: One who adduces.

ADDUCIBLE
Ad*du"ci*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being adduced.
Proofs innumerable, and in every imaginable manner diversified, are
adducible. I. Taylor.

ADDUCT
Ad*duct", v. t. Etym: [L. adductus, p. p. of adducere. See Adduce.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: To draw towards a common center or a middle line. Huxley.

ADDUCTION
Ad*duc"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. adduction. See Adduce.]

1. The act of adducing or bringing forward.
An adduction of facts gathered from various quarters. I. Taylor.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The action by which the parts of the body are drawn towards its
axis]; -- opposed to abduction. Dunglison.

ADDUCTIVE
Ad*duc"tive, a.

Defn: Adducing, or bringing towards or to something.

ADDUCTOR
Ad*duc"tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. adducere.] (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which draws a limb or part of the body toward the
middle line of the body, or closes extended parts of the body; --
opposed to abductor; as, the adductor of the eye, which turns the eye
toward the nose.
In the bivalve shells, the muscles which close the values of the
shell are called adductor muscles. Verrill.

ADDULCE
Ad*dulce", v. t. Etym: [Like F. adoucir; fr. L. ad. + dulcis sweet.]

Defn: To sweeten; to soothe. [Obs.] Bacon.

ADEEM
A*deem", v. t. Etym: [L. adimere. See Ademption.] (Law)

Defn: To revoke, as a legacy, grant, etc., or to satisfy it by some
other gift.

ADELANTADILLO
A`de*lan`ta*dil"lo, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A Spanish red wine made of the first ripe grapes.

ADELANTADO
A`de*lan*ta"do, n. Etym: [Sp., prop. p. of adelantar to advance, to
promote.]

Defn: A governor of a province; a commander. Prescott.

ADELASTER
Ad*e*las"ter, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A provisional name for a plant which has not had its flowers
botanically examined, and therefore has not been referred to its
proper genus.

ADELING
Ad"el*ing, n.

Defn: Same as Atheling.

ADELOCODONIC
A*del`o*co*don"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Applied to sexual zooids of hydroids, that have a saclike form
and do not become free; -- opposed to phanerocodonic.

ADELOPOD
A*del"o*pod, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal having feet that are not apparent.

ADELPHIA
A*del"phi*a, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A "brotherhood," or collection of stamens in a bundle; -- used
in composition, as in the class names, Monadelphia, Diadelphia, etc.

ADELPHOUS
A*del"phous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having coalescent or clustered filaments; -- said of stamens;
as, adelphous stamens. Usually in composition; as, monadelphous.
Gray.

ADEMPT
A*dempt", p. p. Etym: [L. ademptus, p. p. of adimere to take away.]

Defn: Takes away. [Obs.]
Without any sinister suspicion of anything being added or adempt.
Latimn.

ADEMPTION
A*demp"tion, n. Etym: [L. ademptio, fr. adimere, ademptum, to take
away; ad + emere to buy, orig. to take.] (Law)

Defn: The revocation or taking away of a grant donation, legacy, or
the like. Bouvier.

ADEN-; ADENO-
Aden- or Adeno-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Combining forms of the Greek word for gland; -- used in words
relating to the structure, diseases, etc., of the glands.

ADENALGIA; ADENALGY
Ad`e*nal"gi*a, Ad"e*nal`gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: (Med.) Pain in a gland.

ADENIFORM
A*den"i*form, a. Etym: [Aden- + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like a gland; adenoid. Dunglison.

ADENITIS
Ad`e*ni"tis, n. Etym: [Aden- + -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Glandular inflammation. Dunglison.

ADENOGRAPHIC
Ad`e*no*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to adenography.

ADENOGRAPHY
Ad`e*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Adeno- + -graphy.]

Defn: That part of anatomy which describes the glands.

ADENOID; ADENOIDAL
Ad"e*noid, Ad`e*noid"al a.

Defn: Glandlike; glandular.

ADENOLOGICAL
Ad`e*no*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to adenology.

ADENOLOGY
Ad`e*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Adeno- + -logy.]

Defn: The part of physiology that treats of the glands.

ADENOMA
Ad`e*no"ma, n.; L. pl. -mata (#). [NL.; adeno- + -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A benign tumor of a glandlike structure; morbid enlargement of
a gland. -- Ad`e*nom"a*tous, a.

ADENOPATHY
Ad"e*nop"a*thy, n.  [Adeno- + Gr.  suffering,  to suffer.] (Med.)

Defn: Disease of a gland.

ADENOPHOROUS
Ad`e*noph"o*rous, a. Etym: [Adeno- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Producing glands.

ADENOPHYLLOUS
Ad`e*noph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Adeno- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having glands on the leaves.

ADENOSCLEROSIS
Ad"e*no*scle*ro"sis, n. [NL.; adeno- + sclerosis.] (Med.)

Defn: The hardening of a gland.

ADENOSE
Ad"e*nose`, a.

Defn: Like a gland; full of glands; glandulous; adenous.

ADENOTOMIC
Ad`e*no*tom"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to adenotomy.

ADENOTOMY
Ad`e*not"o*my, n. Etym: [Adeno- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Dissection of, or incision into, a gland or glands.

ADENOUS
Ad"e*nous, a.

Defn: Same as Adenose.

ADEN ULCER
A"den ul"cer. [So named after Aden, a seaport in Southern Arabia,
where it occurs.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease endemic in various parts of tropical Asia, due to a
specific microörganism which produces chronic ulcers on the limbs. It
is often fatal. Called also Cochin China ulcer, Persian ulcer,
tropical ulcer, etc.

ADEPS
Ad"eps, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Animal fat; lard.

ADEPT
A*dept", n. Etym: [L. adeptus obtained (sc. artem), adipsci to arrive
ad + apisci to pursue. See Apt, and cf. Adapt.]

Defn: One fully skilled or well versed in anything; a proficient; as,
adepts in philosophy.

ADEPT
A*dept", a.

Defn: Well skilled; completely versed; thoroughly proficient.
Beaus adept in everything profound. Cowper.

ADEPTION
A*dep"tion, n. Etym: [L. adeptio. See Adept, a.]

Defn: An obtaining; attainment. [Obs.]
In the wit and policy of the capitain consisteth the chief adeption
of the victory. Grafton.

ADEPTIST
A*dept"ist, n.

Defn: A skilled alchemist. [Obs.]

ADEPTNESS
A*dept"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being adept; skill.

ADEQUACY
Ad"e*qua*cy, n. Etym: [See Adequate.]

Defn: The state or quality of being adequate, proportionate, or
sufficient; a sufficiency for a particular purpose; as, the adequacy
of supply to the expenditure.

ADEQUATE
Ad"e*quate, a. Etym: [L. adaequatus, p. p. of adaequare to make equal
to; ad + aequare to make equal, aequus equal. See Equal.]

Defn: Equal to some requirement; proportionate, or correspondent;
fully sufficient; as, powers adequate to a great work; an adequate
definition.
Ireland had no adequate champion. De Quincey.

Syn.
 -- Proportionate; commensurate; sufficient; suitable; competent;
capable.

ADEQUATE
Ad"e*quate, v. t. Etym: [See Adequate, a.]

1. To equalize; to make adequate. [R.] Fotherby.

2. To equal. [Obs.]
It [is] an impossibility for any creature to adequate God in his
eternity. Shelford.

ADEQUATELY
Ad"e*quate*ly, adv.

Defn: In an adequate manner.

ADEQUATENESS
Ad"e*quate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being adequate; suitableness; sufficiency;
adequacy.

ADEQUATION
Ad`e*qua"tion, n. Etym: [L. adaequatio.]

Defn: The act of equalizing; act or result of making adequate; an
equivalent. [Obs.] Bp. Barlow.

ADESMY
A*des"my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The division or defective coherence of an organ that is usually
entire.

ADESSENARIAN
Ad*es`se*na"ri*an, n. Etym: [Formed fr. L. adesse to be present; ad +
esse to be.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who held the real presence of Christ's body in the
eucharist, but not by transubstantiation.

ADFECTED
Ad*fect"ed, a. Etym: [L. adfectus or affectus. See Affect, v.] (Alg.)

Defn: See Affected, 5.

ADFILIATED
Ad*fil"i*a`ted, a.

Defn: See Affiliated. [Obs.]

ADFILIATION
Ad*fil`i*a"tion, n.

Defn: See Affiliation. [Obs.]

ADFLUXION
Ad*flux"ion, n.

Defn: See Affluxion.

ADHAMANT
Ad*ha"mant, a. Etym: [From L. adhamare to catch; ad + hamus hook.]

Defn: Clinging, as by hooks.

ADHERE
Ad*here", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Adhered; p. pr. & vb. n. Adhering.]
Etym: [L. adhaerere, adhaesum; ad + haerere to stick: cf. F. adhérer.
See Aghast.]

1. To stick fast or cleave, as a glutinous substance does; to become
joined or united; as, wax to the finger; the lungs sometimes adhere
to the pleura.

2. To hold, be attached, or devoted; to remain fixed, either by
personal union or conformity of faith, principle, or opinion; as, men
adhere to a party, a cause, a leader, a church.

3. To be consistent or coherent; to be in accordance; to agree. "Nor
time nor place did then adhere." Every thing adheres together." Shak.

Syn.
 -- To attach; stick; cleave; cling; hold

ADHERENCE
Ad*her"ence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. adhérence, LL. adhaerentia.]

1. The quality or state of adhering.

2. The state of being fixed in attachment; fidelity; steady
attachment; adhesion; as, adherence to a party or to opinions.

Syn.
 -- Adherence, Adhesion. These words, which were once freely
interchanged, are now almost entirely separated. Adherence is no
longer used to denote physical union, but is applied, to mental
states or habits; as, a strict adherence to one's duty; close
adherence to the argument, etc. Adhesion is now confined chiefly to
the physical sense, except in the phrase "To give in one's adhesion
to a cause or a party."

ADHERENCY
Ad*her"en*cy, n.

1. The state or quality of being adherent; adherence. [R.]

2. That which adheres. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

ADHERENT
Ad*her"ent, a. Etym: [L. adhaerens, -entis, p. pr.: cf. F. adhérent.]

1. Sticking; clinging; adhering. Pope.

2. Attached as an attribute or circumstance.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Congenitally united with an organ of another kind, as calyx
with ovary, or stamens with petals.

ADHERENT
Ad*her"ent, n.

1. One who adheres; one who adheres; one who follows a leader, party,
or profession; a follower, or partisan; a believer in a particular
faith or church.

2. That which adheres; an appendage. [R.] Milton.

Syn.
 -- Follower; partisan; upholder; disciple; supporter; dependent;
ally; backer.

ADHERENTLY
Ad*her"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an adherent manner.

ADHERER
Ad*her"er, n.

Defn: One who adheres; an adherent.

ADHESION
Ad*he"sion, n. Etym: [L. adhaesio, fr. adhaerere: cf. F. adhésion.]

1. The action of sticking; the state of being attached; intimate
union; as the adhesion of glue, or of parts united by growth, cement,
or the like.

2. Adherence; steady or firm attachment; fidelity; as, to error, to a
policy.
His adhesion to the Tories was bounded by his approbation of their
foreign policy. De Quincey.

3. Agreement to adhere; concurrence; assent.
To that treaty Spain and England gave in their adhesion. Macaulay.

4. (Physics)

Defn: The molecular attraction exerted between bodies in contact. See
Cohesion.

5. (Med.)

Defn: Union of surface, normally separate, by the formation of new
tissue resulting from an inflammatory process.

6. (Bot.)

Defn: The union of parts which are separate in other plants, or in
younger states of the same plant.

Syn.
 -- Adherence; union. See Adherence.

ADHESIVE
Ad*he"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. adhésif.]

1. Sticky; tenacious, as glutinous substances.

2. Apt or tending to adhere; clinging. Thomson. Adhesive attraction.
(Physics) See Attraction.
 -- Adhesive inflammation (Surg.), that kind of inflammation which
terminates in the reunion of divided parts without suppuration.
 -- Adhesive plaster, a sticking; a plaster containing resin, wax,
litharge, and olive oil.

ADHESIVELY
Ad*he"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an adhesive manner.

ADHESIVENESS
Ad*he"sive*ness, n.

1. The quality of sticking or adhering; stickiness; tenacity of
union.

2. (Phren.)

Defn: Propensity to form and maintain attachments to persons, and to
promote social intercourse.

ADHIBIT
Ad*hib"it, v. t. Etym: [L. adhibitus, p. p. of adhibere to hold to;
ad + habere to have.]

1. To admit, as a person or thing; to take in. Muirhead.

2. To use or apply; to administer. Camden.

3. To attach; to affix. Alison.

ADHIBITION
Ad`hi*bi"tion, n. Etym: [L. adhibitio.]

Defn: The act of adhibiting; application; use. Whitaker.

AD HOMINEM
Ad hom"i*nem. Etym: [L., to the man.]

Defn: ` phrase applied to an appeal or argument addressed to the
principles, interests, or passions of a man.

ADHORT
Ad*hort", v. t. Etym: [L. adhortari. See Adhortation.]

Defn: To exhort; to advise. [Obs.] Feltham.

ADHORTATION
Ad`hor*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. adhortatio, fr. adhortari to advise; ad
+ hortari to exhort.]

Defn: Advice; exhortation. [Obs.] Peacham.

ADHORTATORY
Ad*hor"ta*to*ry, a.

Defn: Containing counsel or warning; hortatory; advisory. [Obs.]
Potter.

ADIABATIC
Ad`i*a*bat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)

Defn: Not giving out or receiving heat.
 -- Ad`i*a*bat`ic*al*ly, adv. Adiabatic line or curve, a curve
exhibiting the variations of pressure and volume of a fluid when it
expands without either receiving or giving out heat. Rankine.

ADIACTINIC
Ad`i*ac*tin"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + diactinic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Not transmitting the actinic rays.

ADIANTUM
Ad`i*an"tum, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of ferns, the leaves of which shed water; maidenhair.
Also, the black maidenhair, a species of spleenwort.

ADIAPHORISM
Ad`i*aph"o*rism, n.

Defn: Religious indifference.

ADIAPHORIST
Ad`i*aph"o*rist, n. Etym: [See Adiaphorous.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of the German Protestants who, with Melanchthon, held some
opinions and ceremonies to be indifferent or nonessential, which
Luther condemned as sinful or heretical. Murdock.

ADIAPHORISTIC
Ad`i*aph`o*ris"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to matters indifferent in faith and practice.
Shipley.

ADIAPHORITE
Ad`i*aph"o*rite, n.

Defn: Same as Adiaphorist.

ADIAPHOROUS
Ad`i*aph"o*rous, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Indifferent or neutral. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Incapable of doing either harm or good, as some medicines.
Dunglison.

ADIAPHORY
Ad`i*aph"o*ry, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Indifference. [Obs.]

ADIATHERMIC
Ad`i*a*ther"mic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Not pervious to heat.

ADIEU
A*dieu", interj. & adv. Etym: [OE. also adew, adewe, adue, F. dieu,
fr. L. ad to + deus God.]

Defn: Good-by; farewell; an expression of kind wishes at parting.

ADIEU
A*dieu", n.; pl. Adieus.

Defn: A farewell; commendation to the care of God at parting. Shak.

ADIGHT
A*dight", v. t. [p. p. Adight.] Etym: [Pref. a- (intensive) + OE.
dihten. See Dight.]

Defn: To set in order; to array; to attire; to deck, to dress. [Obs.]

AD INFINITUM
Ad in`fi*ni"tum. Etym: [L., to infinity.]

Defn: Without limit; endlessly.

AD INTERIM
Ad in"ter*imEtym: [L.]

Defn: Meanwhile; temporary.

ADIOS
A`dios", interj. [Sp., fr. L. ad to + deus god. Cf. Adieu.]

Defn: Adieu; farewell; good-by; -- chiefly used among Spanish-
speaking people.

 This word is often pronounced å*de"os, but the Spanish accent,
though weak, is on the final syllable.

ADIPESCENT
Ad`i*pes"cent, a. Etym: [L. adeps, adipis, fat + -escent.]

Defn: Becoming fatty.

ADIPIC
A*dip"ic, a. Etym: [L. adeps, adipis, fat.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, fatty or oily substances; --
applied to certain acids obtained from fats by the action of nitric
acid.

ADIPOCERATE
Ad`i*poc"er*ate, v. t.

Defn: To convert adipocere.

ADIPOCERATION
Ad`i*poc`er*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of changing into adipocere.

ADIPOCERE
Ad"i*po*cere`, n. Etym: [L. adeps, adipis, fat + cera wax: cf. F.
adipocere.]

Defn: A soft, unctuous, or waxy substance, of a light brown color,
into which the fat and muscle tissue of dead bodies sometimes are
converted, by long immersion in water or by burial in moist places.
It is a result of fatty degeneration.

ADIPOCERIFORM
Ad`i*po*cer"i*form, a. Etym: [Adipocere + -form.]

Defn: Having the form or appearance of adipocere; as, an
adipoceriform tumor.

ADIPOCEROUS
Ad`i*poc"er*ous, a.

Defn: Like adipocere.

ADIPOGENOUS
Ad`i*pog"e*nous, a. [See Adipose; -genous.] (Med.)

Defn: Producing fat.

ADIPOLYSIS
Ad`i*pol"y*sis, n. [NL.; L. adeps, adipis, fat + Gr.  a loosing.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: The digestion of fats.

ADIPOLYTIC
Ad`i*po*lyt"ic, a. [L. adeps, adipis, fat + Gr.  to loose.] (Chem.)

Defn: Hydrolyzing fats; converting neutral fats into glycerin and
free fatty acids, esp. by the action of an enzyme; as, adipolytic
action.

ADIPOMA
Ad`i*po"ma, n.; L. pl. -mata (#). [NL. See Adipose; -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A mass of fat found internally; also, a fatty tumor. --
Ad`i*pom"a*tous, a.

ADIPOSE
Ad"i*pose`, a. Etym: [L. adeps, adipis, fat, grease.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to animal fat; fatty. Adipose fin (Zoöl.), a
soft boneless fin.
 -- Adipose tissue (Anat.), that form of animal tissue which forms or
contains fat.

ADIPOSENESS; ADIPOSITY
Ad"i*pose`ness, Ad`i*pos"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being fat; fatness.

ADIPOUS
Ad"i*pous, a.

Defn: Fatty; adipose. [R.]

ADIPSOUS
A*dip"sous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Quenching thirst, as certain fruits.

ADIPSY
Ad"ip*sy, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Absence of thirst.

ADIT
Ad"it, n. Etym: [L. aditus, fr. adire, , to go to; ad + ire to go.]

1. An entrance or passage. Specifically: The nearly horizontal
opening by which a mine is entered, or by which water and ores are
carried away; -- called also drift and tunnel.

2. Admission; approach; access. [R.]
Yourself and yours shall have Free adit. Tennyson.

ADJACENCE; ADJACENCY
Ad"ja"cence, Ad*ja"cen*cy,Etym: [Cf. LL. adjacentia.]

1. The state of being adjacent or contiguous; contiguity; as, the
adjacency of lands or buildings.

2. That which is adjacent.[R.] Sir T. Browne.

ADJACENT
Ad*ja"cent, a. Etym: [L. adjacens, -centis, p. pr. of adjacere to lie
near; ad + jac to lie: cf. F. adjacent.]

Defn: Lying near, close, or contiguous; neighboring; bordering on;
as, a field adjacent to the highway. "The adjacent forest." B.
Jonson. Adjacent or contiguous angle. (Geom.) See Angle.

Syn.
 -- Adjoining; contiguous; near.
 -- Adjacent, Adjoining, Contiguous. Things are adjacent when they
lie close each other, not necessary in actual contact; as, adjacent
fields, adjacent villages, etc.
I find that all Europe with her adjacent isles is peopled with
Christians. Howell.
Things are adjoining when they meet at some line or point of
junction; as, adjoining farms, an adjoining highway. What is spoken
of as contiguous should touch with some extent of one side or the
whole of it; as, a row of contiguous buildings; a wood contiguous to
a plain.

ADJACENT
Ad*ja"cent, n.

Defn: That which is adjacent. [R.] Locke.

ADJACENTLY
Ad*ja"cent*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to be adjacent.

ADJECT
Ad*ject", v. t. Etym: [L. adjectus, p. p. of adjicere to throw to, to
add to; ad + ac to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.]

Defn: To add or annex; to join. Leland.

ADJECTION
Ad*jec"tion, n. Etym: [L. adjectio, fr. adjicere: cf. F. adjection.
See Adject.]

Defn: The act or mode of adding; also, the thing added. [R.] B.
Jonson.

ADJECTIONAL
Ad*jec"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to adjection; that is, or may be, annexed. [R.]
Earle.

ADJECTITIOUS
Ad`jec*ti"tious, Etym: [L. adjectitius.]

Defn: Added; additional. Parkhurst.

ADJECTIVAL
Ad`jec*ti"val, a.

Defn: Of or relating to the relating to the adjective; of the nature
of an adjective; adjective. W. Taylor (1797)

ADJECTIVALLY
Ad`jec*ti"val*ly, adv.

Defn: As, or in the manner of, an adjective; adjectively.

ADJECTIVE
Ad"jec*tive, a. Etym: [See Adjective, n.]

1. Added to a substantive as an attribute; of the nature of an
adjunct; as, an word sentence.

2. Not standing by itself; dependent. Adjective color, a color which
requires to be fixed by some mordant or base to give it permanency.

3. Relating to procedure. "The whole English law, substantive and
adjective." Macaulay.

ADJECTIVE
Ad"jec*tive, n. Etym: [L. adjectivum (sc. nomen), neut. of adjectivus
that is added, fr. adjicere: cf. F. adjectif. See Adject.]

1. (Gram.)

Defn: A word used with a noun, or substantive, to express a quality
of the thing named, or something attributed to it, or to limit or
define it, or to specify or describe a thing, as distinct from
something else. Thus, in phrase, "a wise ruler," wise is the
adjective, expressing a property of ruler.

2. A dependent; an accessory. Fuller.

ADJECTIVE
Ad"jec*tive, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjectived; p. pr. & vb. n.
Adjectiving.]

Defn: To make an adjective of; to form or change into an adjective.
[R.]
Language has as much occasion to adjective the distinct signification
of the verb, and to adjective also the mood, as it has to adjective
time. It has . . . adjectived all three. Tooke.

ADJECTIVELY
Ad"jec*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of an adjective; as, a word used adjectively.

ADJOIN
Ad*join", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjoined; p. pr. & vb. n. Adjoining.]
Etym: [OE. ajoinen, OF. ajoindre, F. adjoindre, fr. L. adjungere; ad
+ jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Adjunct.]

Defn: To join or unite to; to lie contiguous to; to be in contact
with; to attach; to append.
Corrections . . . should be, as remarks, adjoined by way of note.
Watts.

ADJOIN
Ad*join", v. i.

1. To lie or be next, or in contact; to be contiguous; as, the houses
adjoin.
When one man's land adjoins to another's. Blackstone.

Note: The construction with to, on, or with is obsolete or
obsolescent.

2. To join one's self. [Obs.]
She lightly unto him adjoined side to side. Spenser.

ADJOINANT
Ad*join"ant, a.

Defn: Contiguous. [Obs.] Carew.

ADJOINING
Ad*join"ing, a.

Defn: Joining to; contiguous; adjacent; as, an adjoining room. "The
adjoining fane." Dryden.
Upon the hills adjoining to the city. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Adjacent; contiguous; near; neighboring; abutting; bordering. See
Adjacent.

ADJOINT
Ad"joint, n.

Defn: An adjunct; a helper. [Obs.]

ADJOURN
Ad*journ, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjourned; p. pr. & vb. n. Adjourning.]
Etym: [OE. ajornen, OF. ajoiner, ajurner, F. ajourner; OF. a (L. ad)
+ jor, jur, jorn, F. jour, day, fr. L. diurnus belonging to the day,
fr. dies day. Cf. Journal, Journey.]

Defn: To put off or defer to another day, or indefinitely; to
postpone; to close or suspend for the day; -- commonly said of the
meeting, or the action, of convened body; as, to adjourn the meeting;
to adjourn a debate.
It is a common practice to adjourn the reformation of their lives to
a further time. Barrow.
'Tis a needful fitness That we adjourn this court till further day.
Shak.

Syn.
 -- To delay; defer; postpone; put off; suspend.
 -- To Adjourn, Prorogue, Dissolve. These words are used in respect
to public bodies when they lay aside business and separate. Adjourn,
both in Great Britain and this country, is applied to all cases in
which such bodies separate for a brief period, with a view to meet
again. Prorogue is applied in Great Britain to that act of the
executive government, as the sovereign, which brings a session of
Parliament to a close. The word is not used in this country, but a
legislative body is said, in such a case, to adjourn sine die. To
dissolve is to annul the corporate existence of a body. In order to
exist again the body must be reconstituted.

ADJOURN
Ad*journ", v. i.

Defn: To suspend business for a time, as from one day to another, or
for a longer period, or indefinitely; usually, to suspend public
business, as of legislatures and courts, or other convened bodies;
as, congress adjourned at four o'clock; the court adjourned without
day.

ADJOURNAL
Ad*journ"al, n.

Defn: Adjournment; postponement. [R.] "An adjournal of the Diet." Sir
W. Scott.

ADJOURNMENT
Ad*journ"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. f. adjournement, OF. ajornement. See
Adjourn.]

1. The act of adjourning; the putting off till another day or time
specified, or without day.

2. The time or interval during which a public body adjourns its
sittings or postpones business.

ADJUDGE
Ad*judge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjudged; p. pr. & vb. n. Adjudging.]
Etym: [OE. ajugen, OF. ajugier, fr. L. adjudicare; ad + judicare to
judge. See Judge, and cf. Adjudicate.]

1. To award judicially in the case of a controverted question; as,
the prize was adjudged to the victor.

2. To determine in the exercise of judicial power; to decide or award
judicially; to adjudicate; as, the case was adjudged in the November
term.

3. To sentence; to condemn.
Without reprieve, adjudged to death For want of well pronouncing
Shibboleth. Milton.

4. To regard or hold; to judge; to deem.
He adjudged him unworthy of his friendship. Knolles.

Syn.
 -- To decree; award; determine; adjudicate; ordain; assign.

ADJUDGER
Ad*judg"er, n.

Defn: One who adjudges.

ADJUDGMENT
Ad*judg"ment, n.

Defn: The act of adjudging; judicial decision; adjudication. Sir W.
Temple.

ADJUDICATE
Ad*ju"di*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjudicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Adjudicating] Etym: [L. adjudicatus, p. p. of adjudicare. See
Adjudge.]

Defn: To adjudge; to try and determine, as a court; to settle by
judicial decree.

ADJUDICATE
Ad*ju"di*cate, v. i.

Defn: To come to a judicial decision; as, the court adjudicated upon
the case.

ADJUDICATION
Ad*ju`di*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. adjudicatio: cf. F. adjudication.]

1. The act of adjudicating; the act or process of trying and
determining judicially.

2. A deliberate determination by the judicial power; a judicial
decision or sentence. "An adjudication in favor of natural rights."
Burke.

3. (Bankruptcy practice)

Defn: The decision upon the question whether the debtor is a
bankrupt. Abbott.

4. (Scots Law)

Defn: A process by which land is attached security or in satisfaction
of a debt.

ADJUDICATIVE
Ad*ju"di*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Adjudicating.

ADJUDICATOR
Ad*ju"di*ca`tor, n.

Defn: One who adjudicates.

ADJUDICATURE
Ad*ju"di*ca*ture, n.

Defn: Adjudication.

ADJUGATE
Ad"ju*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. adjugatus, p. p. of adjugare; ad + jugum
a yoke.]

Defn: To yoke to. [Obs.]

ADJUMENT
Ad"ju*ment, n. Etym: [L. adjumentum, for adjuvamentum, fr. adjuvare
to help; ad + juvare to help.]

Defn: Help; support; also, a helper. [Obs.] Waterhouse.

ADJUNCT
Ad"junct`, a. Etym: [L. adjunctus, p. p. of adjungere. See Adjoin.]

Defn: Conjoined; attending; consequent.
Though that my death were adjunct to my act. Shak.
Adjunct notes (Mus.), short notes between those essential to the
harmony; auxiliary notes; passing notes.

ADJUNCT
Ad"junct`, n.

1. Something joined or added to another thing, but not essentially a
part of it.
Learning is but an adjunct to our self. Shak.

2. A person joined to another in some duty or service; a colleague;
an associate. Wotton.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: A word or words added to quality or amplify the force of other
words; as, the History of the American Revolution, where the words in
italics are the adjunct or adjuncts of "History."

4. (Metaph.)

Defn: A quality or property of the body or the mind, whether natural
or acquired; as, color, in the body, judgment in the mind.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: A key or scale closely related to another as principal; a
relative or attendant key. [R.] See Attendant keys, under Attendant,
a.

ADJUNCTION
Ad*junc"tion, n. Etym: [L. adjunctio, fr. adjungere: cf. F.
adjonction, and see Adjunct.]

Defn: The act of joining; the thing joined or added.

ADJUNCTIVE
Ad*junc"tive, a. Etym: [L. adjunctivus, fr. adjungere. See Adjunct.]

Defn: Joining; having the quality of joining; forming an adjunct.

ADJUNCTIVE
Ad*junc"tive, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, is joined.

ADJUNCTIVELY
Ad*junc"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an adjunctive manner.

ADJUNCTLY
Ad*junct"ly, adv.

Defn: By way of addition or adjunct; in connection with.

ADJURATION
Ad`ju*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. adjuratio, fr. adjurare: cf. F.
adjuration. See Adjure.]

1. The act of adjuring; a solemn charging on oath, or under the
penalty of a curse; an earnest appeal.
What an accusation could not effect, an adjuration shall. Bp. Hall.

2. The form of oath or appeal.
Persons who . . . made use of prayer and adjurations. Addison.

ADJURATORY
Ad*ju"ra*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. adjuratorius.]

Defn: Containing an adjuration.

ADJURE
Ad*jure", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjured; p. pr. & vb. n. Adjuring].
Etym: [L. adjurare, adjurdium, to swear to; later, to adjure: cf. F.
adjurer. See Jury.]

Defn: To charge, bind, or command, solemnly, as if under oath, or
under the penalty of a curse; to appeal to in the most solemn or
impressive manner; to entreat earnestly.
Joshua adjured them at that time, saying, Cursed be the man before
the Lord, that riseth up and buildeth this city Jericho. Josh. vi.
26.
The high priest . . . said . . . I adjure thee by the living God,
that thou tell us whether thou be the Christ. Matt. xxvi. 63.
The commissioners adjured them not to let pass so favorable an
opportunity of securing their liberties. Marshall.

ADJURER
Ad*jur"er, n.

Defn: One who adjures.

ADJUST
Ad*just", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Adjusting.]
Etym: [OF. ajuster, ajoster (whence F. ajouter to add), LL. adjuxtare
to fit; fr. L. ad + juxta near; confused later with L. ad and justus
just, right, whence F. ajuster to adjust. See Just, v. t. and cf.
Adjute.]

1. To make exact; to fit; to make correspondent or conformable; to
bring into proper relations; as, to adjust a garment to the body, or
things to a standard.

2. To put in order; to regulate, or reduce to system.
Adjusting the orthography. Johnson.

3. To settle or bring to a satisfactory state, so that parties are
agreed in the result; as, to adjust accounts; the differences are
adjusted.

4. To bring to a true relative position, as the parts of an
instrument; to regulate for use; as, to adjust a telescope or
microscope.

Syn.
 -- To adapt; suit; arrange; regulate; accommodate; set right;
rectify; settle.

ADJUSTABLE
Ad*just"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being adjusted.

ADJUSTAGE
Ad*just"age, n. Etym: [Cf. Ajutage.]

Defn: Adjustment. [R.]

ADJUSTER
Ad*just"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, adjusts.

ADJUSTING PLANE; ADJUSTING SURFACE
Adjusting plane or surface. (Aëronautics)

Defn: A small plane or surface, usually capable of adjustment but not
of manipulation, for preserving lateral balance in an aëroplane or
flying machine.

ADJUSTIVE
Ad*just"ive, a.

Defn: Tending to adjust. [R.]

ADJUSTMENT
Ad*just"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ajustement. See Adjust.]

1. The act of adjusting, or condition of being adjusted; act of
bringing into proper relations; regulation.
Success depends on the nicest and minutest adjustment of the parts
concerned. Paley.

2. (Law)

Defn: Settlement of claims; an equitable arrangement of conflicting
claims, as in set-off, contribution, exoneration, subrogation, and
marshaling. Bispham.

3. The operation of bringing all the parts of an instrument, as a
microscope or telescope, into their proper relative position for use;
the condition of being thus adjusted; as, to get a good adjustment;
to be in or out of adjustment.

Syn.
 -- Suiting; fitting; arrangement; regulation; settlement;
adaptation; disposition.

ADJUTAGE
Ad"ju*tage, n.

Defn: Same as Ajutage.

ADJUTANCY
Ad"ju*tan*cy, n. Etym: [See Adjutant.]

1. The office of an adjutant.

2. Skillful arrangement in aid; assistance.
It was, no doubt, disposed with all the adjutancy of definition and
division. Burke.

ADJUTANT
Ad"ju*tant, n. Etym: [L. adjutans, p. pr. of adjutare to help. See
Aid.]

1. A helper; an assistant.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A regimental staff officer, who assists the colonel, or
commanding officer of a garrison or regiment, in the details of
regimental and garrison duty. Adjutant general (a) (Mil.), the
principal staff officer of an army, through whom the commanding
general receives communications and issues military orders. In the U.
S. army he is brigadier general. (b) (Among the Jesuits), one of a
select number of fathers, who resided with the general of the order,
each of whom had a province or country assigned to his care.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of very large stork (Ciconia argala), a native of
India; -- called also the gigantic crane, and by the native name
argala. It is noted for its serpent-destroying habits.

ADJUTATOR
Ad"ju*ta`tor, n. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: A corruption of Agitator.

ADJUTE
Ad*jute", v. t. Etym: [F. ajouter; confused with L. adjutare.]

Defn: To add. [Obs.]

ADJUTOR
Ad*ju"tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. adjuvare. See Aid.]

Defn: A helper or assistant. [Archaic] Drayton.

ADJUTORY
Ad*ju"to*ry, a. Etym: [L. adjutorius.]

Defn: Serving to help or assist; helping. [Obs.]

ADJUTRIX
Ad*ju"trix, n. Etym: [L. See Adjutor.]

Defn: A female helper or assistant. [R.]

ADJUVANT
Ad"ju*vant, a. Etym: [L. adjuvans, p. pr. of adjuvare to aid: cf. F.
adjuvant. See Aid.]

Defn: Helping; helpful; assisting. [R.] "Adjuvant causes." Howell.

ADJUVANT
Ad"ju*vant, n.

1. An assistant. [R.] Yelverton.

2. (Med.)

Defn: An ingredient, in a prescription, which aids or modifies the
action of the principal ingredient.

ADLEGATION
Ad`le*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. adlegatio, allegatio, a sending away; fr.
adlegare, allegare, to send away with a commission; ad in addition +
legare to send as ambassador. Cf. Allegation.]

Defn: A right formerly claimed by the states of the German Empire of
joining their own ministers with those of the emperor in public
treaties and negotiations to the common interest of the empire.
Encyc. Brit.

AD LIBITUM
Ad lib"i*tum

Defn: . At one's pleasure; as one wishes.

ADLOCUTION
Ad`lo*cu"tion, n.

Defn: See Allocution. [Obs.]

ADMARGINATE
Ad*mar"gin*ate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. ad- + margin.]

Defn: To write in the margin. [R.] Coleridge.

ADMAXILLARY
Ad*max"il*la*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. ad- + maxillary.] (Anat.)

Defn: Near to the maxilla or jawbone.

ADMEASURE
Ad*meas"ure, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. amesurer, LL. admensurare. See
Measure.]

1. To measure.

2. (Law)

Defn: To determine the proper share of, or the proper apportionment;
as, to admeasure dower; to admeasure common of pasture. Blackstone.

2. The measure of a thing; dimensions; size.

3. (Law)

Defn: Formerly, the adjustment of proportion, or ascertainment of
shares, as of dower or pasture held in common. This was by writ of
admeasurement, directed to the sheriff.

ADMEASURER
Ad*meas"ur*er, n.

Defn: One who admeasures.

ADMENSURATION
Ad*men`su*ra"tion, n. Etym: [LL. admensuratio; L. ad + mensurare to
measure. See Mensuration.]

Defn: Same as Admeasurement.

ADMINICLE
Ad*min"i*cle, n. Etym: [L. adminculum support, orig., that on which
the hand rests; ad + manus hand + dim. ending -culym.]

1. Help or support; an auxiliary. Grote.

2. (Law)

Defn: Corroborative or explanatory proof.

Note: In Scots law, any writing tending to establish the existence or
terms of a lost deed. Bell.

ADMINICULAR
Ad`mi*nic"u*lar, a.

Defn: Supplying help; auxiliary; corroborative; explanatory; as,
adminicular evidence. H. Spencer.

ADMINICULARY
Ad`mi*nic"u*la*ry, a.

Defn: Adminicular.

ADMINISTER
Ad*min"is*ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Administered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Administering.] Etym: [OE. aministren, OF. aministrer, F. administer,
fr. L. administrare; ad + ministrare to serve. See Minister.]

1. To manage or conduct, as public affairs; to direct or superintend
the execution, application, or conduct of; as, to administer the
government or the state.
For forms of government let fools contest: Whate'er is best
administered is best. Pope.

2. To dispense; to serve out; to supply; execute; as, to administer
relief, to administer the sacrament.
[Let zephyrs] administer their tepid, genial airs. Philips.
Justice was administered with an exactness and purity not before
known. Macaulay.

3. To apply, as medicine or a remedy; to give, as a dose or something
beneficial or suitable. Extended to a blow, a reproof, etc.
A noxious drug had been administered to him. Macaulay.

4. To tender, as an oath.
Swear . . . to keep the oath that we administer. Shak.

5. (Law)

Defn: To settle, as the estate of one who dies without a will, or
whose will fails of an executor.

Syn.
 -- To manage; conduct; minister; supply; dispense; give out;
distribute; furnish.

ADMINISTER
Ad*min"is*ter, v. i.

1. To contribute; to bring aid or supplies; to conduce; to minister.
A fountain . . . administers to the pleasure as well as the plenty of
the place. Spectator.

2. (Law)

Defn: To perform the office of administrator; to act officially; as,
A administers upon the estate of B.

ADMINISTER
Ad*min"is*ter, n.

Defn: Administrator. [Obs.] Bacon.

ADMINISTERIAL
Ad*min`is*te"ri*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to administration, or to the executive part of
government.

ADMINISTRABLE
Ad*min"is*tra*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being administered; as, an administrable law.

ADMINISTRANT
Ad*min"is*trant, a. Etym: [F., p. pr. of administrer. See
Administer.]

Defn: Executive; acting; managing affairs.
 -- n.

Defn: One who administers.

ADMINISTRATE
Ad*min"is*trate, v. t. Etym: [L. administratus, p. p. of
administrare.]

Defn: To administer. [R.] Milman.

ADMINISTRATION
Ad*min`is*tra"tion, n. Etym: [OE. administracioun, L. administratio:
cf. F. administration.]

1. The act of administering; government of public affairs; the
service rendered, or duties assumed, in conducting affairs; the
conducting of any office or employment; direction; management.
His financial administration was of a piece with his military
administration. Macaulay.

2. The executive part of government; the persons collectively who are
intrusted with the execution of laws and the superintendence of
public affairs; the chief magistrate and his cabinet or council; or
the council, or ministry, alone, as in Great Britain.
A mild and popular administration. Macaulay.
The administration has been opposed in parliament. Johnson.

3. The act of administering, or tendering something to another;
dispensation; as, the administration of a medicine, of an oath, of
justice, or of the sacrament.

4. (Law)
(a) The management and disposal, under legal authority, of the estate
of an intestate, or of a testator having no competent executor.
(b) The management of an estate of a deceased person by an executor,
the strictly corresponding term execution not being in use.
Administration with the will annexed, administration granted where
the testator has appointed no executor, or where his appointment of
an executor for any cause has failed, as by death, incompetency,
refusal to act, etc.

Syn.
 -- Conduct; management; direction; regulation; execution;
dispensation; distribution.

ADMINISTRATIVE
Ad*min"is*tra`tive, a. Etym: [L. administrativus: cf. F.
administratif.]

Defn: Pertaining to administration; administering; executive; as, an
administrative body, ability, or energy.
 -- Ad*min"is*tra`tive*ly, adv.

ADMINISTRATOR
Ad*min`is*tra"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. One who administers affairs; one who directs, manages, executes,
or dispenses, whether in civil, judicial, political, or
ecclesiastical affairs; a manager.

2. (Law)

Defn: A man who manages or settles the estate of an intestate, or of
a testator when there is no competent executor; one to whom the right
of administration has been committed by competent authority.

ADMINISTRATORSHIP
Ad*min`is*tra"tor*ship, n.

Defn: The position or office of an administrator.

ADMINISTRATRIX
Ad*min`is*tra"trix, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A woman who administers; esp., one who administers the estate
of an intestate, or to whom letters of administration have been
granted; a female administrator.

ADMIRABILITY
Ad`mi*ra*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. admirabilitac.]

Defn: Admirableness. [R.] Johnson.

ADMIRABLE
Ad"mi*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. admirabilis: cf. F. admirable.]

1. Fitted to excite wonder; wonderful; marvelous. [Obs.]
In man there is nothing admirable but his ignorance and weakness.
Jer. Taylor.

2. Having qualities to excite wonder united with approbation;
deserving the highest praise; most excellent; -- used of persons or
things. "An admirable machine." "Admirable fortitude." Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Wonderful; marvelous; surprising; excellent; delightful;
praiseworthy.

ADMIRABLENESS
Ad"mi*ra*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being admirable; wonderful excellence.

ADMIRABLY
Ad"mi*ra*bly, adv.

Defn: In an admirable manner.

ADMIRAL
Ad"mi*ral, n. Etym: [OE. amiral, admiral, OF. amiral, ultimately fr.
Ar. amir-al-bahr commander of the sea; Ar. amir is commander, al is
the Ar. article, and amir-al, heard in different titles, was taken as
one word. Early forms of the word show confusion with L. admirabilis
admirable, fr. admirari to admire. It is said to have been introduced
into Europe by the Genoese or Venetians, in the 12th or 13th century.
Cf. Ameer, Emir.]

1. A naval officer of the highest rank; a naval officer of high rank,
of which there are different grades. The chief gradations in rank are
admiral, vice admiral, and rear admiral. The admiral is the commander
in chief of a fleet or of fleets.

2. The ship which carries the admiral; also, the most considerable
ship of a fleet.
Like some mighty admiral, dark and terrible, bearing down upon his
antagonist with all his canvas straining to the wind, and all his
thunders roaring from his broadsides. E. Everett.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A handsome butterfly (Pyrameis Atalanta) of Europe and America.
The larva feeds on nettles. Admiral shell (Zoöl.), the popular name
of an ornamental cone shell (Conus admiralis). Lord High Admiral, a
great officer of state, who (when this rare dignity is conferred) is
at the head of the naval administration of Great Britain.

ADMIRALSHIP
Ad"mi*ral*ship, n.

Defn: The office or position oaf an admiral; also, the naval skill of
an admiral.

ADMIRALTY
Ad"mi*ral*ty, n.; pl. Admiralties. Etym: [F. amirauté, for an older
amiralté, office of admiral, fr. LL. admiralitas. See Admiral.]

1. The office or jurisdiction of an admiral. Prescott.

2. The department or officers having authority over naval affairs
generally.

3. The court which has jurisdiction of maritime questions and
offenses.

Note: In England, admiralty jurisdiction was formerly vested in the
High Court of Admiralty, which was held before the Lord High Admiral,
or his deputy, styled the Judge of the Admiralty; but admiralty
jurisdiction is now vested in the probate, divorce, and admiralty
division of the High Justice. In America, there are no admiralty
courts distinct from others, but admiralty jurisdiction is vested in
the district courts of the United States, subject to revision by the
circuit courts and the Supreme Court of the United States. Admiralty
jurisprudence has cognizance of maritime contracts and torts,
collisions at sea, cases of prize in war, etc., and in America,
admiralty jurisdiction is extended to such matters, arising out of
the navigation of any of the public waters, as the Great Lakes and
rivers.

4. The system of jurisprudence of admiralty courts.

5. The building in which the lords of the admiralty, in England,
transact business.

ADMIRANCE
Ad*mir"ance, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. admirance.]

Defn: Admiration. [Obs.] Spenser.

ADMIRATION
Ad`mi*ra"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. admiratio. See Admire.]

1. Wonder; astonishment. [Obs.]
Season your admiration for a while. Shak.

2. Wonder mingled with approbation or delight; an emotion excited by
a person or thing possessed of wonderful or high excellence; as,
admiration of a beautiful woman, of a landscape, of virtue.

3. Cause of admiration; something to excite wonder, or pleased
surprise; a prodigy.
Now, good Lafeu, bring in the admiration. Shak.
Note of admiration, the mark (!), called also exclamation point.

Syn.
 -- Wonder; approval; appreciation; adoration; reverence; worship.

ADMIRATIVE
Ad*mir"a*tive, a.

Defn: Relating to or expressing admiration or wonder. [R.] Earle.

ADMIRE
Ad*mire", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Admired; p. pr. & vb. n. Admiring.]
Etym: [F. admirer, fr. L. admirari; ad + mirari to wonder, for
smirari, akin to Gr. smi, and E. smile.]

1. To regard with wonder or astonishment; to view with surprise; to
marvel at. [Archaic]
Examples rather to be admired than imitated. Fuller.

2. To regard with wonder and delight; to look upon with an elevated
feeling of pleasure, as something which calls out approbation,
esteem, love, or reverence; to estimate or prize highly; as, to
admire a person of high moral worth, to admire a landscape.
Admired as heroes and as gods obeyed. Pope.

Note: Admire followed by the infinitive is obsolete or colloquial;
as, I admire to see a man consistent in his conduct.

Syn.
 -- To esteem; approve; delight in.

ADMIRE
Ad*mire", v. i.

Defn: To wonder; to marvel; to be affected with surprise; --
sometimes with at.
To wonder at Pharaoh, and even admire at myself. Fuller.

ADMIRED
Ad*mired", a.

1. Regarded with wonder and delight; highly prized; as, an admired
poem.

2. Wonderful; also, admirable. [Obs.] "Admired disorder." " Admired
Miranda." Shak.

ADMIRER
Ad*mir"er, n.

Defn: One who admires; one who esteems or loves greatly. Cowper.

ADMIRING
Ad*mir"ing, a.

Defn: Expressing admiration; as, an admiring glance.
 -- Ad*mir"ing*ly, adv. Shak.

ADMISSIBILITY
Ad*mis`si*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. admissibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being admissible; admissibleness; as, the
admissibility of evidence.

ADMISSIBLE
Ad*mis"si*ble, a. Etym: [F. admissible, LL. admissibilis. See Admit.]

Defn: Entitled to be admitted, or worthy of being admitted; that may
be allowed or conceded; allowable; as, the supposition is hardly
admissible.
 -- Ad*mis"si*ble*ness, n.
 -- Ad*mis"si*bly, adv.

ADMISSION
Ad*mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. admissio: cf. F. admission. See Admit.]

1. The act or practice of admitting.

2. Power or permission to enter; admittance; entrance; access; power
to approach.
What numbers groan for sad admission there! Young.

3. The granting of an argument or position not fully proved; the act
of acknowledging something
The too easy admission of doctrines. Macaulay.

4. (Law)

Defn: Acquiescence or concurrence in a statement made by another, and
distinguishable from a confession in that an admission presupposes
prior inquiry by another, but a confession may be made without such
inquiry.

5. A fact, point, or statement admitted; as, admission made out of
court are received in evidence.

6. (Eng. Eccl. Law)

Defn: Declaration of the bishop that he approves of the presentee as
a fit person to serve the cure of the church to which he is
presented. Shipley.

Syn.
 -- Admittance; concession; acknowledgment; concurrence; allowance.
See Admittance.

ADMISSIVE
Ad*mis"sive, a.

Defn: Implying an admission; tending to admit. [R.] Lamb.

ADMISSORY
Ad*mis"so*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to admission.

ADMIT
Ad*mit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Admitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Admitting.]
Etym: [OE. amitten, L. admittere, admissum; ad + mittere to send: cf.
F. admettre, OF. admettre, OF. ametre. See Missile.]

1. To suffer to enter; to grant entrance, whether into a place, or
into the mind, or consideration; to receive; to take; as, they were
into his house; to admit a serious thought into the mind; to admit
evidence in the trial of a cause.

2. To give a right of entrance; as, a ticket one into a playhouse.

3. To allow (one) to enter on an office or to enjoy a privilege; to
recognize as qualified for a franchise; as, to admit an attorney to
practice law; the prisoner was admitted to bail.

4. To concede as true; to acknowledge or assent to, as an allegation
which it is impossible to deny; to own or confess; as, the argument
or fact is admitted; he admitted his guilt.

5. To be capable of; to permit; as, the words do not admit such a
construction. In this sense, of may be used after the verb, or may be
omitted.
Both Houses declared that they could admit of no treaty with the
king. Hume.

ADMITTABLE
Ad*mit"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Admissible. Sir T. Browne.

ADMITTANCE
Ad*mit"tance, n.

1. The act of admitting.

2. Permission to enter; the power or right of entrance; also, actual
entrance; reception.
To gain admittance into the house. South.
He desires admittance to the king. Dryden.
To give admittance to a thought of fear. Shak.

3. Concession; admission; allowance; as, the admittance of an
argument. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

4. Admissibility. [Obs.] Shak.

5. (Eng. Law)

Defn: The act of giving possession of a copyhold estate. Bouvier.

Syn.
 -- Admission; access; entrance; initiation.
 -- Admittance, Admission. These words are, to some extent, in a
state of transition and change. Admittance is now chiefly confined to
its primary sense of access into some locality or building. Thus we
see on the doors of factories, shops, etc. "No admittance." Its
secondary or moral sense, as "admittance to the church," is almost
entirely laid aside. Admission has taken to itself the secondary or
figurative senses; as, admission to the rights of citizenship;
admission to the church; the admissions made by one of the parties in
a dispute. And even when used in its primary sense, it is not
identical with admittance. Thus, we speak of admission into a
country, territory, and other larger localities, etc., where
admittance could not be used. So, when we speak of admission to a
concert or other public assembly, the meaning is not perhaps exactly
that of admittance, viz., access within the walls of the building,
but rather a reception into the audience, or access to the
performances. But the lines of distinction on this subject are one
definitely drawn.

ADMITTATUR
Ad`mit*ta"tur, n. Etym: [L., let him be admitted.]

Defn: The certificate of admission given in some American colleges.

ADMITTED; ADMITTEDLY
Ad*mit"ted, a.

Defn: Received as true or valid; acknowledged.
 -- Ad*mit"ted*ly adv.

Defn: Confessedly.

ADMITTER
Ad*mit"ter, n.

Defn: One who admits.

ADMIX
Ad*mix", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ad- + mix: cf. L. admixtus, p. p. of
admiscere. See Mix.]

Defn: To mingle with something else; to mix. [R.]

ADMIXTION
Ad*mix"tion, n. Etym: [L. admixtio.]

Defn: A mingling of different things; admixture. Glanvill.

ADMIXTURE
Ad*mix"ture, n. Etym: [L. admiscere, admixtum, to admix; ad + miscere
to mix. See Mix.]

1. The act of mixing; mixture.

2. The compound formed by mixing different substances together.

3. That which is mixed with anything.

ADMONISH
Ad*mon"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Admonished; p. pr. & vb. n.
Admonishing.] Etym: [OE. amonesten, OF. amonester, F. admonester, fr.
a supposed LL. admonesstrare, fr. L. admonere to remind, warn; ad +
monere to warn. See Monition.]

1. To warn or notify of a fault; to reprove gently or kindly, but
seriously; to exhort. "Admonish him as a brother." 2 Thess. iii. 15.

2. To counsel against wrong practices; to cation or advise; to warn
against danger or an offense; -- followed by of, against, or a
subordinate clause.
Admonishing one another in psalms and hymns. Col. iii. 16.
I warned thee, I admonished thee, foretold The danger, and the
lurking enemy. Milton.

3. To instruct or direct; to inform; to notify.
Moses was admonished of God, when he was about to make the
tabernacle. Heb. viii. 5.

ADMONISHER
Ad*mon"ish*er, n.

Defn: One who admonishes.

ADMONISHMENT
Ad*mon"ish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. amonestement, admonestement.]

Defn: Admonition. [R.] Shak.

ADMONITION
Ad`mo*ni"tion, n. Etym: [OE. amonicioun, OF. amonition, F.
admonition, fr. L. admonitio, fr. admonere. See Admonish.]

Defn: Gentle or friendly reproof; counseling against a fault or
error; expression of authoritative advice; friendly caution or
warning.

Syn.
 -- Admonition, Reprehension, Reproof. Admonition is prospective, and
relates to moral delinquencies; its object is to prevent further
transgression. Reprehension and reproof are retrospective, the former
being milder than the latter. A person of any age or station may be
liable to reprehension in case of wrong conduct; but reproof is the
act of a superior. It is authoritative fault-finding or censure
addressed to children or to inferiors.

ADMONITIONER
Ad`mo*ni"tion*er, n.

Defn: Admonisher. [Obs.]

ADMONITIVE
Ad*mon"i*tive, a.

Defn: Admonitory. [R.] Barrow.
 -- Ad*mon"i*tive*ly, adv.

ADMONITOR
Ad*mon"i*tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Admonisher; monitor.
Conscience is at most times a very faithful and prudent admonitor.
Shenstone.

ADMONITORIAL
Ad*mon`i*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Admonitory. [R.] "An admonitorial tone." Dickens.

ADMONITORY
Ad*mon"i*to*ry, a. Etym: [LL. admonitorius.]

Defn: That conveys admonition; warning or reproving; as, an
admonitory glance.
 -- Ad*mon"i*to*ri*ly,, adv.

ADMONITRIX
Ad*mon"i*trix, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A female admonitor.

ADMORTIZATION
Ad*mor`ti*za"tion, n. Etym: [LL. admortizatio. Cf. Amortization.]
(Law)

Defn: The reducing or lands or tenements to mortmain. See Mortmain.

ADMOVE
Ad*move", v. t. Etym: [L. admovere. See Move.]

Defn: To move or conduct to or toward. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ADNASCENT
Ad*nas"cent, a. Etym: [L. adnascens, p. pr. of adnasci to be born,
grow.]

Defn: Growing to or on something else. "An adnascent plant." Evelyn.

ADNATE
Ad"nate, a. Etym: [L. adnatus, p. p. of adnasci. See Adnascent, and
cf. Agnate.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: Grown to congenitally.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing together; -- said only of organic cohesion of unlike
parts.
An anther is adnate when fixed by its whole length to the filament.
Gray.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Growing with one side adherent to a stem; -- a term applied to
the lateral zooids of corals and other compound animals.

ADNATION
Ad*na"tion, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The adhesion or cohesion of different floral verticils or sets
of organs.

ADNOMINAL
Ad*nom"i*nal, a. Etym: [L. ad + nomen noun.] (Gram.)

Defn: Pertaining to an adnoun; adjectival; attached to a noun. Gibbs.
 -- Ad*nom"i*nal*ly, adv.

ADNOUN
Ad"noun`, n. Etym: [Pref. ad- + noun.] (Gram.)

Defn: An adjective, or attribute. [R.] Coleridge.

ADNUBILATED
Ad*nu"bi*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. adnubilatus, p. p. of adnubilare.]

Defn: Clouded; obscured. [R.]

ADO
A*do", (1) v. inf., (2) n. Etym: [OE. at do, northern form for to do.
Cf. Affair.]

1. To do; in doing; as, there is nothing. "What is here ado" J.
Newton.

2. Doing; trouble; difficulty; troublesome business; fuss; bustle;
as, to make a great ado about trifles.
With much ado, he partly kept awake. Dryden.
Let's follow to see the end of this ado. Shak.

ADOBE
A*do"be, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: An unburnt brick dried in the sun; also used as an adjective,
as, an adobe house, in Texas or New Mexico.

ADOLESCENCE
Ad`o*les"cence, n. Etym: [Fr., fr. L. adolescentia.]

Defn: The state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood;
youth, or the period of life between puberty and maturity, generally
considered to be, in the male sex, from fourteen to twenty-one.
Sometimes used with reference to the lower animals.

ADOLESCENCY
Ad`o*les"cen*cy, n.

Defn: The quality of being adolescent; youthfulness.

ADOLESCENT
Ad`o*les"cent, a. Etym: [L. adolescens, p. pr. of adolescere to grow
up to; ad + the inchoative olescere to grow: cf. F. adolescent. See
Adult.]

Defn: Growing; advancing from childhood to maturity.
Schools, unless discipline were doubly strong, Detain their
adolescent charge too long. Cowper.

ADOLESCENT
Ad`o*les"cent, n.

Defn: A youth.

ADONAI
Ad`o*na"i, n. [Heb. adonai, lit., my lord.]

Defn: A Hebrew name for God, usually translated in the Old Testament
by the word "Lord".

 The later Jews used its vowel points to fill out the tetragrammaton
Yhvh, or Ihvh, "the incommunicable name," and in reading substituted
"Adonai".

ADONEAN
Ad`o*ne"an, a. Etym: [L. Adon.]

Defn: Pertaining to Adonis; Adonic. "Fair Adonean Venus." Faber.

ADONIC
A*don"ic, a. Etym: [F. adonique: cf. L. Adonius.]

Defn: Relating to Adonis, famed for his beauty.
 -- n.

Defn: An Adonic verse. Adonic verse, a verse consisting of a dactyl
and spondee.

ADONIS
A*do"nis, n. Etym: [L., gr. Gr.

1. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: A youth beloved by Venus for his beauty. He was killed in the
chase by a wild boar.

2. A preëminently beautiful young man; a dandy.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the family Ranunculaceæ, containing the
pheasaut's eye (Adonis autumnalis); -- named from Adonis, whose blood
was fabled to have stained the flower.

ADONIST
A*do"nist, n. Etym: [Heb. my Lords.]

Defn: One who maintains that points of the Hebrew word translated
"Jehovah" are really the vowel points of the word "Adonai." See
Jehovist.

ADONIZE
Ad"o*nize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. adoniser, fr. Adonis.]

Defn: To beautify; to dandify.
I employed three good hours at least in adjusting and adonozing
myself. Smollett.

ADOOR; ADOORS
A*door, A*doors,

Defn: At the door; of the door; as, out adoors. Shak.
I took him in adoors. Vicar's Virgil (1630).

ADOPT
A*dopt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adopted; p. pr. & vb. n. Adopting.]
Etym: [L. adoptare; ad + optare to choose, desire: cf. F. adopter.
See Option.]

1. To take by choice into relationship, as, child, heir, friend,
citizen, etc. ; esp. to take voluntarily (a child of other parents)
to be in the place of, or as, one's own child.

2. To take or receive as one's own what is not so naturally; to
select and take or approve; as, to adopt the view or policy of
another; these resolutions were adopted.

ADOPTABLE
A*dopt"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being adopted.

ADOPTED
A*dopt"ed, a.

Defn: Taken by adoption; taken up as one's own; as, an adopted son,
citizen, country, word.
 -- A*dopt"ed*ly, adv.

ADOPTER
A*dopt"er, n.

1. One who adopts.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A receiver, with two necks, opposite to each other, one of
which admits the neck of a retort, and the other is joined to another
receiver. It is used in distillations, to give more space to elastic
vapors, to increase the length of the neck of a retort, or to unite
two vessels whose openings have different diameters. [Written also
adapter.]

ADOPTION
A*dop"tion, n. Etym: [L. adoptio, allied to adoptare to adopt: cf. F.
adoption.]

1. The act of adopting, or state of being adopted; voluntary
acceptance of a child of other parents to be the same as one's own
child.

2. Admission to a more intimate relation; reception; as, the adoption
of persons into hospitals or monasteries, or of one society into
another.

3. The choosing and making that to be one's own which originally was
not so; acceptance; as, the adoption of opinions. Jer. Taylor.

ADOPTIONIST
A*dop"tion*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect which maintained that Christ was the Son of God
not by nature but by adoption.

ADOPTIOUS
A*dop"tious, a.

Defn: Adopted. [Obs.]

ADOPTIVE
A*dopt"ive, a. Etym: [L. adoptivus: cf. F. adoptif.]

Defn: Pertaining to adoption; made or acquired by adoption; fitted to
adopt; as, an adoptive father, an child; an adoptive language.
 -- A*dopt"ive*ly, adv.

ADORABILITY
A*dor`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Adorableness.

ADORABLE
A*dor"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. adorabilis, fr. adorare: cf. F. adorable.]

1. Deserving to be adored; worthy of divine honors.
The adorable Author of Christianity. Cheyne.

2. Worthy of the utmost love or respect.

ADORABLENESS
A*dor"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being adorable, or worthy of adoration. Johnson.

ADORABLY
A*dor"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an adorable manner.

ADORATION
Ad`o*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. adoratio, fr. adorare: cf. F. adoration.]

1. The act of playing honor to a divine being; the worship paid to
God; the act of addressing as a god.
The more immediate objects of popular adoration amongst the heathens
were deified human beings. Farmer.

2. Homage paid to one in high esteem; profound veneration; intense
regard and love; fervent devotion.

3. A method of electing a pope by the expression of homage from two
thirds of the conclave.
[Pole] might have been chosen on the spot by adoration. Froude.

ADORE
A*dore", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adored; p. pr. & vb. n. Adoring.] Etym:
[OE. aouren, anouren, adoren, OF. aorer, adorer, F. adorer, fr. L.
adorare; ad + orare to speak, pray, os, oris, mouth. In OE. confused
with honor, the French prefix a- being confused with OE. a, an, on.
See Oral.]

1. To worship with profound reverence; to pay divine honors to; to
honor as deity or as divine.
Bishops and priests, . . . bearing the host, which he [James adored.
Smollett.

2. To love in the highest degree; to regard with the utmost esteem
and affection; to idolize.
The great mass of the population abhorred Popery and adored Montouth.
Macaulay.

ADORE
A*dore", v. t.

Defn: To adorn. [Obs.]
Congealed little drops which do the morn adore. Spenser.

ADOREMENT
A*dore"ment, n.

Defn: The act of adoring; adoration. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ADORER
A*dor"er, n.

Defn: One who adores; a worshiper; one who admires or loves greatly;
an ardent admirer. "An adorer of truth." Clarendon.
I profess myself her adorer, not her friend. Shak.

ADORINGLY
A*dor"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With adoration.

ADORN
A*dorn", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adorned; p. pr. & vb. n. Adorning.]
Etym: [OE. aournen, anournen, adornen, OF. aorner, fr. L. aaornare;
ad + ornare to furnish, embellish. See Adore, Ornate.]

Defn: To deck or dress with ornaments; to embellish; to set off to
advantage; to render pleasing or attractive.
As a bride adorneth herself with her jewels. Isa. lxi. 10.
At church, with meek and unaffected grace, His looks adorned the
venerable place. Goldsmith.

Syn.
 -- To deck; decorate; embellish; ornament; beautify; grace; dignify;
exalt; honor.
 -- To Adorn, Ornament, Decorate, Embellish. We decorate and ornament
by putting on some adjunct which is attractive or beautiful, and
which serves to heighten the general effect. Thus, a lady's head-
dress may be ornament or decorated with flowers or jewelry; a hall
may be decorated or ornament with carving or gilding, with wreaths of
flowers, or with hangings. Ornament is used in a wider sense than
decorate. To embellish is to beautify or ornament richly, not so much
by mere additions or details as by modifying the thing itself as a
whole. It sometimes means gaudy and artificial decoration. We
embellish a book with rich engravings; a style is embellished with
rich and beautiful imagery; a shopkeeper embellishes his front window
to attract attention. Adorn is sometimes identical with decorate, as
when we say, a lady was adorned with jewels. In other cases, it seems
to imply something more. Thus, we speak of a gallery of paintings as
adorned with the works of some of the great masters, or adorned with
noble statuary and columns. Here decorated and ornamented would
hardly be appropriate. There is a value in these works of genius
beyond mere show and ornament. Adorn may be used of what is purely
moral; as, a character adorned with every Christian grace. Here
neither decorate, nor ornament, nor embellish is proper.

ADORN
A*dorn", n.

Defn: Adornment. [Obs.] Spenser.

ADORN
A*dorn", a.

Defn: Adorned; decorated. [Obs.] Milton.

ADORNATION
Ad`or*na"tion, n.

Defn: Adornment. [Obs.]

ADORNER
A*dorn"er, n.

Defn: He who, or that which, adorns; a beautifier.

ADORNINGLY
A*dorn"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By adorning; decoratively.

ADORNMENT
A*dorn"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. adornement. See Adorn.]

Defn: An adorning; an ornament; a decoration.

ADOSCULATION
Ad*os"cu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. adosculari, adosculatum, to kiss. See
Osculate.] (Biol.)

Defn: Impregnation by external contact, without intromission.

ADOWN
A*down", adv. Etym: [OE. adun, adoun, adune. AS. of dune off the
hill. See Down.]

Defn: From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on
the ground. [Archaic] "Thrice did she sink adown." Spenser.

ADOWN
A*down", prep.

Defn: Down. [Archaic & Poetic]
Her hair adown her shoulders loosely lay displayed. Prior.

ADPRESS
Ad*press", v. t. Etym: [L. adpressus, p. p. of adprimere.]

Defn: See Appressed.
 -- Ad*pressed",, a.

ADRAD
A*drad", p. a. Etym: [P. p. of adread.]

Defn: Put in dread; afraid. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ADRAGANT
Ad"ra*gant, n. Etym: [F., a corruption of tragacanth.]

Defn: Gum tragacanth. Brande & C.

ADREAD
A*dread", v. t. & i. Etym: [AS. andrædan, ondræ; pref. a- (for and
against) + dræden to dread. See Dread.]

Defn: To dread. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

ADREAMED
A*dreamed", p. p.

Defn: Visited by a dream; -- used in the phrase, To be adreamed, to
dream. [Obs.]

ADRENAL
Ad*re"nal, a. Etym: [Pref. ad- + renal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Suprarenal.

ADRENALINE; ADRENALIN
Ad*re"nal*ine, n. Also Ad*re"nal*in. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline substance, C9H13O3N, obtained from suprarenal
extract, of which it is regarded as the active principle. It is used
in medicine as a stimulant and hemostatic.

ADRIAN
A"dri*an, a. Etym: [L. Hadrianus.]

Defn: Pertaining to the Adriatic Sea; as, Adrian billows.

ADRIATIC
A`dri*at"ic, a. Etym: [L. Adriaticus, Hadriaticus, fr. Adria or
Hadria, a town of the Veneti.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a sea so named, the northwestern part of
which is known as the Gulf of Venice.

ADRIFT
A*drift", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- (for on) + drift.]

Defn: Floating at random; in a drifting condition; at the mercy of
wind and waves. Also fig.
So on the sea shall be set adrift. Dryden.
Were from their daily labor turned adrift. Wordsworth.

ADRIP
A*drip", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- in + drip.]

Defn: In a dripping state; as, leaves all adrip. D. G. Mitchell.

ADROGATE
Ad"ro*gate, v. t. Etym: [See Arrogate.] (Rom. Law)

Defn: To adopt (a person who is his own master).

ADROGATION
Ad`ro*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. adrogatio, arrogatio, fr. adrogare. See
Arrogate.] (Rom. Law)

Defn: A kind of adoption in ancient Rome. See Arrogation.

ADROIT
A*droit", a. Etym: [F. adroit; à (L. ad) = droit straight, right, fr.
L. directus, p. p. of dirigere. See Direct.]

Defn: Dexterous in the use of the hands or in the exercise of the
mental faculties; exhibiting skill and readiness in avoiding danger
or escaping difficulty; ready in invention or execution; -- applied
to persons and to acts; as, an adroit mechanic, an adroit reply.
"Adroit in the application of the telescope and quadrant." Horsley.
"He was adroit in intrigue." Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Dexterous; skillful; expert; ready; clever; deft; ingenious;
cunning; ready-witted.

ADROITLY
A*droit"ly, adv.

Defn: In an adroit manner.

ADROITNESS
A*droit"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being adroit; skill and readiness; dexterity.
Adroitness was as requisite as courage. Motley.

Syn.
 -- See Skill.

ADRY
A*dry", a. Etym: [Pref. a- (for on) + dry.]

Defn: In a dry or thirsty condition. "A man that is adry." Burton.

ADSCITITIOUS
Ad`sci*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. adscitus, p. p. of adsciscere,
asciscere, to take knowingly; ad + sciscere to seek to know, approve,
scire to know.]

Defn: Supplemental; additional; adventitious; ascititious.
"Adscititious evidence." Bowring.
 -- Ad`sci*ti"tious*ly, adv.

ADSCRIPT
Ad"script, a. Etym: [L. adscriptus, p. p. of adscribere to enroll.
See Ascribe.]

Defn: Held to service as attached to the soil; -- said of feudal
serfs.

ADSCRIPT
Ad"script, n.

Defn: One held to service as attached to the glebe or estate; a
feudal serf. Bancroft.

ADSCRIPTIVE
Ad*scrip"tive, a.Etym: [L. adscriptivus. See Adscript.]

Defn: Attached or annexed to the glebe or estate and transferable
with it. Brougham.

ADSIGNIFICATION
Ad*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Additional signification. [R.] Tooke.

ADSIGNIFY
Ad*sig"ni*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. adsignificare to show.]

Defn: To denote additionally. [R.] Tooke.

ADSTRICT
Ad*strict", v. t.
 -- Ad*stric"tion, n.

Defn: See Astrict, and Astriction.

ADSTRICTORY
Ad*stric"to*ry, a.

Defn: See Astrictory.

ADSTRINGENT
Ad*strin"gent, a.

Defn: See Astringent.

ADSUKI BEAN
Ad*su"ki bean. [Jap. adzuki.]

Defn: A cultivated variety of the Asiatic gram, now introduced into
the United States.

ADULARIA
Ad`u*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [From Adula, a mountain peak in Switzerland,
where fine specimens are found.] (Min.)

Defn: A transparent or translucent variety of common feldspar, or
orthoclase, which often shows pearly opalescent reflections; --
called by lapidaries moonstone.

ADULATE
Ad"u*late, v. t. Etym: [L. adulatus, p. p. of adulari.]

Defn: To flatter in a servile way. Byron.

ADULATION
Ad`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [F. adulation, fr. L. adulatio, fr. adulari,
adulatum, to flatter.]

Defn: Servile flattery; praise in excess, or beyond what is merited.
Think'st thou the fiery fever will go out With titles blown from
adulation Shak.

Syn.
 -- Sycophancy; cringing; fawning; obsequiousness; blandishment.
 -- Adulation, Flattery, Compliment. Men deal in compliments from a
desire to please; they use flattery either from undue admiration, or
a wish to gratify vanity; they practice adulation from sordid
motives, and with a mingled spirit of falsehood and hypocrisy.
Compliment may be a sincere expression of due respect and esteem, or
it may be unmeaning; flattery is apt to become gross; adulation is
always servile, and usually fulsome.

ADULATOR
Ad"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. adulari: cf. F. adulateur.]

Defn: A servile or hypocritical flatterer. Carlyle.

ADULATORY
Ad"u*la*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. adulatorius, fr. adulari: cf. OF.
adulatoire.]

Defn: Containing excessive praise or compliment; servilely praising;
flattering; as, an adulatory address.
A mere rant of adulatory freedom. Burke.

ADULATRESS
Ad"u*la`tress, n.

Defn: A woman who flatters with servility.

ADULT
A*dult", a. Etym: [L. adultus, p. p. of adolescere, akin to alere to
nourish: cf. F. adulte. See Adolescent, Old.]

Defn: Having arrived at maturity, or to full size and strength;
matured; as, an adult person or plant; an adult ape; an adult age.

ADULT
A*dult", n.

Defn: A person, animal, or plant grown to full size and strength; one
who has reached maturity.

Note: In the common law, the term is applied to a person who has
attained full age or legal majority; in the civil law, to males after
the age of fourteen, and to females after twelve.

ADULTER
A*dul"ter, v. i. Etym: [L. adulterare.]

Defn: To commit adultery; to pollute. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

ADULTERANT
A*dul"ter*ant, n. Etym: [L. adulterans, p. pr. of adulterare.]

Defn: That which is used to adulterate anything.
 -- a. Adulterating; as, adulterant agents and processes.

ADULTERATE
A*dul"ter*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adulterated; p. pr. & vb. n
Adulterating.] Etym: [L. adulteratus, p. p. of adulterare, fr.
adulter adulterer, prob. fr. ad + alter other, properly one who
approaches another on account of unlawful love. Cf. Advoutry.]

1. To defile by adultery. [Obs.] Milton.

2. To corrupt, debase, or make impure by an admixture of a foreign or
a baser substance; as, to adulterate food, drink, drugs, coin, etc.
The present war has . . . adulterated our tongue with strange words.
Spectator.

Syn.
 -- To corrupt; defile; debase; contaminate; vitiate; sophisticate.

ADULTERATE
A*dul"ter*ate, v. i.

Defn: To commit adultery. [Obs.]

ADULTERATE
A*dul"ter*ate, a.

1. Tainted with adultery.

2. Debased by the admixture of a foreign substance; adulterated;
spurious.
 -- A*dul"ter*ate*ly, adv.
 -- A*dul"ter*ate*ness, n.

ADULTERATION
A*dul`ter*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. adulteratio.]

1. The act of adulterating; corruption, or debasement (esp. of food
or drink) by foreign mixture.
The shameless adulteration of the coin. Prescott.

2. An adulterated state or product.

ADULTERATOR
A*dul"ter*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who adulterates or corrupts. [R.] Cudworth.

ADULTERER
A*dul"ter*er, n. Etym: [Formed fr. the verb adulter, with the E.
ending -er. See Advoutrer.]

1. A man who commits adultery; a married man who has sexual
intercourse with a woman not his wife.

2. (Script.)

Defn: A man who violates his religious covenant. Jer. ix. 2.

ADULTERESS
A*dul"ter*ess, n. Etym: [Fem. from L. adulter. Cf. Advoutress.]

1. A woman who commits adultery.

2. (Script.)

Defn: A woman who violates her religious engagements. James iv. 4.

ADULTERINE
A*dul"ter*ine, a.Etym: [L. adulterinus, fr. adulter.]

Defn: Proceeding from adulterous intercourse. Hence: Spurious;
without the support of law; illegal.
When any particular class of artificers or traders thought proper to
act as a corporation without a charter, such were called adulterine
guilds. Adam Smith.

ADULTERINE
A*dul"ter*ine, n.

Defn: An illegitimate child. [R.]

ADULTERIZE
A*dul"ter*ize, v. i.

Defn: To commit adultery. Milton.

ADULTEROUS
A*dul"ter*ous, a.

1. Guilty of, or given to, adultery; pertaining to adultery; illicit.
Dryden.

2. Characterized by adulteration; spurious. "An adulterous mixture."
[Obs.] Smollett.

ADULTEROUSLY
A*dul"ter*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an adulterous manner.

ADULTERY
A*dul"ter*y, n.; pl. Adulteries(#). Etym: [L. adulterium. See
Advoutry.]

1. The unfaithfulness of a married person to the marriage bed; sexual
intercourse by a married man with another than his wife, or voluntary
sexual intercourse by a married woman with another than her husband.

Note: It is adultery on the part of the married wrongdoer. The word
has also been used to characterize the act of an unmarried
participator, the other being married. In the United States the
definition varies with the local statutes. Unlawful intercourse
between two married persons is sometimes called double adultery;
between a married and an unmarried person, single adultery.

2. Adulteration; corruption. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. (Script.)
(a) Lewdness or unchastity of thought as well as act, as forbidden by
the seventh commandment.
(b) Faithlessness in religion. Jer. iii. 9.

4. (Old Law)

Defn: The fine and penalty imposed for the offense of adultery.

5. (Eccl.)

Defn: The intrusion of a person into a bishopric during the life of
the bishop.

6. Injury; degradation; ruin. [Obs.]
You might wrest the caduceus out of my hand to the adultery and spoil
of nature. B. Jonson.

ADULTNESS
A*dult"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being adult.

ADUMBRANT
Ad*um"brant, a. Etym: [L. adumbrans, p. pr. of adumbrare.]

Defn: Giving a faint shadow, or slight resemblance; shadowing forth.

ADUMBRATE
Ad*um"brate, v. t. Etym: [L. adumbratus, p. p. of adumbrare; ad +
umbrare to shade; umbra shadow.]

1. To give a faint shadow or slight representation of; to outline; to
shadow forth.
Both in the vastness and the richness of the visible universe the
invisible God is adumbrated. L. Taylor.

2. To overshadow; to shade.

ADUMBRATION
Ad`um*bra"tion, n. Etym: [L. adumbratio.]

1. The act of adumbrating, or shadowing forth.

2. A faint sketch; an outline; an imperfect portrayal or
representation of a thing.
Elegant adumbrations of sacred truth. Bp. Horsley.

3. (Her.)

Defn: The shadow or outlines of a figure.

ADUMBRATIVE
Ad*um"bra*tive, a.

Defn: Faintly representing; typical. Carlyle.

ADUNATION
Ad`u*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. adunatio; ad + unus one.]

Defn: A uniting; union. Jer. Taylor.

ADUNC; ADUNQUE
A*dunc", A*dunque", a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Hooked; as, a parrot has an adunc bill.

ADUNCITY
A*dun"ci*ty, n. Etym: [L. aduncitas. See Aduncous.]

Defn: Curvature inwards; hookedness.
The aduncity of the beaks of hawks. Pope.

ADUNCOUS
A*dun"cous, a. Etym: [L. aduncus; ad + uncus hooked, hook.]

Defn: Curved inwards; hooked.

ADURE
A*dure", v. t. Etym: [L. adurere; ad + urere to burn.]

Defn: To burn up. [Obs.] Bacon.

ADUROL
Ad"u*rol, n. (Photog.)

Defn: Either of two compounds, a chlorine derivative and bromine
derivative, of hydroquinone, used as developers.

ADUST
A*dust", a. Etym: [L. adustus, p. p. of adurere: cf. F. aduste.]

1. Inflamed or scorched; fiery. "The Libyan air adust." Milton.

2. Looking as if or scorched; sunburnt.
A tall, thin man, of an adust complexion. Sir W. Scott.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Having much heat in the constitution and little serum in the
blood. [Obs.] Hence: Atrabilious; sallow; gloomy.

ADUSTED
A*dust"ed, a.

Defn: Burnt; adust. [Obs.] Howell.

ADUSTIBLE
A*dust"i*ble, a.

Defn: That may be burnt. [Obs.]

ADUSTION
A*dus"tion, n. Etym: [L. adustio, fr. adurere, adustum: cf. F.
adustion.]

1. The act of burning, or heating to dryness; the state of being thus
heated or dried. [Obs.] Harvey.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: Cauterization. Buchanan.

AD VALOREM
Ad va*lo"rem. Etym: [L., according to the value.] (Com.)

Defn: A term used to denote a duty or charge laid upon goods, at a
certain rate per cent upon their value, as stated in their invoice, -
- in opposition to a specific sum upon a given quantity or number;
as, an ad valorem duty of twenty per cent.

ADVANCE
Ad*vance", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Advanced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Advancing(#).] Etym: [OE. avancen, avauncen, F. avancer, fr. a
supposed LL. abantiare; ab + ante (F. avant) before. The spelling
with d was a mistake, a- being supposed to be fr. L. ad. See Avaunt.]

1. To bring forward; to move towards the van or front; to make to go
on.

2. To raise; to elevate. [Archaic]
They . . . advanced their eyelids. Shak.

3. To raise to a higher rank; to promote.
Ahasueres . . . advanced him, and set his seat above all the princes.
Esther iii. 1.

4. To accelerate the growth or progress; to further; to forward; to
help on; to aid; to heighten; as, to advance the ripening of fruit;
to advance one's interests.

5. To bring to view or notice; to offer or propose; to show; as, to
advance an argument.
Some ne'er advance a judgment of their own. Pope.

6. To make earlier, as an event or date; to hasten.

7. To furnish, as money or other value, before it becomes due, or in
aid of an enterprise; to supply beforehand; as, a merchant advances
money on a contract or on goods consigned to him.

8. To raise to a higher point; to enhance; to raise in rate; as, to
advance the price of goods.

9. To extol; to laud. [Obs.]
Greatly advancing his gay chivalry. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- To raise; elevate; exalt; aggrandize; improve; heighten;
accelerate; allege; adduce; assign.

ADVANCE
Ad*vance", v. i.

1. To move or go forward; to proceed; as, he advanced to greet me.

2. To increase or make progress in any respect; as, to advance in
knowledge, in stature, in years, in price.

3. To rise in rank, office, or consequence; to be preferred or
promoted.
Advanced to a level with ancient peers. Prescott.

ADVANCE
Ad*vance", n. Etym: [Cf. F. avance, fr. avancer. See Advance, v.]

1. The act of advancing or moving forward or upward; progress.

2. Improvement or progression, physically, mentally, morally, or
socially; as, an advance in health, knowledge, or religion; an
advance in rank or office.

3. An addition to the price; rise in price or value; as, an advance
on the prime cost of goods.

4. The first step towards the attainment of a result; approach made
to gain favor, to form an acquaintance, to adjust a difference, etc.;
an overture; a tender; an offer; -- usually in the plural.
[He] made the like advances to the dissenters. Swift.

5. A furnishing of something before an equivalent is received (as
money or goods), towards a capital or stock, or on loan; payment
beforehand; the money or goods thus furnished; money or value
supplied beforehand.
I shall, with pleasure, make the necessary advances. Jay.
The account was made up with intent to show what advances had been
made. Kent.
In advance (a) In front; before. (b) Beforehand; before an equivalent
is received. (c) In the state of having advanced money on account;
as, A is advance to B a thousand dollars or pounds.

ADVANCE
Ad*vance", a.

Defn: Before in place, or beforehand in time; -- used for advanced;
as, an advance guard, or that before the main guard or body of an
army; advance payment, or that made before it is due; advance proofs,
advance sheets, pages of a forthcoming volume, received in advance of
the time of publication.

ADVANCED
Ad*vanced", a.

1. In the van or front.

2. In the front or before others, as regards progress or ideas; as,
advanced opinions, advanced thinkers.

3. Far on in life or time.
A gentleman advanced in years, with a hard experience written in his
wrinkles. Hawthorne.
Advanced guard, a detachment of troops which precedes the march of
the main body.

ADVANCEMENT
Ad*vance"ment, n. Etym: [OE. avancement, F. avancement. See Advance,
v. t.]

1. The act of advancing, or the state of being advanced; progression;
improvement; furtherance; promotion to a higher place or dignity; as,
the advancement of learning.
In heaven . . . every one (so well they love each other) rejoiceth
and hath his part in each other's advancement. Sir T. More.
True religion . . . proposes for its end the joint advancement of the
virtue and happiness of the people. Horsley.

2. An advance of money or value; payment in advance. See Advance, 5.

3. (Law)

Defn: Property given, usually by a parent to a child, in advance of a
future distribution.

4. Settlement on a wife, or jointure. [Obs.] Bacon.

ADVANCER
Ad*van"cer, n.

1. One who advances; a promoter.

2. A second branch of a buck's antler. Howell.

ADVANCING EDGE
Ad*van"cing edge. (Aëronautics)

Defn: The front edge (in direction of motion) of a supporting
surface; -- contr. with following edge, which is the rear edge.

ADVANCING SURFACE
Ad*van"cing sur"face. (Aëronautics)

Defn: The first of two or more surfaces arranged in tandem; -- contr.
with following surface, which is the rear surface.

ADVANCIVE
Ad*van"cive, a.

Defn: Tending to advance. [R.]

ADVANTAGE
Ad*van"tage, n. Etym: [OE. avantage, avauntage, F. avantage, fr.
avant before. See Advance, and cf. Vantage.]

1. Any condition, circumstance, opportunity, or means, particularly
favorable to success, or to any desired end; benefit; as, the enemy
had the advantage of a more elevated position.
Give me advantage of some brief discourse. Shak.
The advantages of a close alliance. Macaulay.

2. Superiority; mastery; -- with of or over.
Lest Satan should get an advantage of us. 2 Cor. ii. 11.

3. Superiority of state, or that which gives it; benefit; gain;
profit; as, the advantage of a good constitution.

4. Interest of money; increase; overplus (as the thirteenth in the
baker's dozen). [Obs.]
And with advantage means to pay thy love. Shak.
Advantage ground, vantage ground. [R.] Clarendon.
 -- To have the advantage of (any one), to have a personal knowledge
of one who does not have a reciprocal knowledge. "You have the
advantage of me; I don't remember ever to have had the honor."
Sheridan.
 -- To take advantage of, to profit by; (often used in a bad sense)
to overreach, to outwit.

Syn.
 -- Advantage, Advantageous, Benefit, Beneficial. We speak of a thing
as a benefit, or as beneficial, when it is simply productive of good;
as, the benefits of early discipline; the beneficial effects of
adversity. We speak of a thing as an advantage, or as advantageous,
when it affords us the means of getting forward, and places us on a
"vantage ground" for further effort. Hence, there is a difference
between the benefits and the advantages of early education; between a
beneficial and an advantageous investment of money.

ADVANTAGE
Ad*van"tage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Advantaged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Advantaging.] Etym: [F. avantager, fr. avantage. See Advance.]

Defn: To give an advantage to; to further; to promote; to benefit; to
profit.
The truth is, the archbishop's own stiffness and averseness to comply
with the court designs, advantaged his adversaries against him.
Fuller.
What is a man advantaged, if he gain the whole world, and lose
himself, or be cast away Luke ix. 25.
To advantage one's self of, to avail one's self of. [Obs.]

ADVANTAGEABLE
Ad*van"tage*a*ble, a.

Defn: Advantageous. [Obs.]

ADVANTAGEOUS
Ad`van*ta"geous, a. Etym: [F. avantageux, fr. avantage.]

Defn: Being of advantage; conferring advantage; gainful; profitable;
useful; beneficial; as, an advantageous position; trade is
advantageous to a nation.
Advabtageous comparison with any other country. Prescott.
You see . . . of what use a good reputation is, and how swift and
advantageous a harbinger it is, wherever one goes. Chesterfield.

ADVANTAGEOUSLY
Ad`van*ta"geous*ly, adv.

Defn: Profitably; with advantage.

ADVANTAGEOUSNESS
Ad`van*ta"geous*ness, n.

Defn: Profitableness.

ADVENE
Ad*vene", v. i. Etym: [L. advenire; ad + venire to come: cf. F.
avenir, advenir. See Come.]

Defn: To accede, or come (to); to be added to something or become a
part of it, though not essential. [R.]
Where no act of the will advenes as a coefficient. Coleridge.

ADVENIENT
Ad*ven"ient, a. Etym: [L. adviens, p. pr.]

Defn: Coming from outward causes; superadded. [Obs.]

ADVENT
Ad`vent, n. Etym: [L. adventus, fr. advenire, adventum: cf. F. avent.
See Advene.]

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: The period including the four Sundays before Christmas. Advent
Sunday (Eccl.), the first Sunday in the season of Advent, being
always the nearest Sunday to the feast of St. Andrew (Now. 30).
Shipley.

2. The first or the expected second coming of Christ.

3. Coming; any important arrival; approach.
Death's dreadful advent. Young.
Expecting still his advent home. Tennyson.

ADVENTIST
Ad"vent*ist, n.

Defn: One of a religious body, embracing several branches, who look
for the proximate personal coming of Christ; -- called also Second
Adventists. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

ADVENTITIOUS
Ad`ven*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. adventitius.]

1. Added extrinsically; not essentially inherent; accidental or
causal; additional; supervenient; foreign.
To things of great dimensions, if we annex an adventitious idea of
terror, they become without comparison greater. Burke.

2. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Out of the proper or usual place; as, adventitious buds or
roots.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Accidentally or sparingly spontaneous in a country or district;
not fully naturalized; adventive; -- applied to foreign plants.

4. (Med.)

Defn: Acquired, as diseases; accidental.
 -- Ad`ven*ti"tious*ly, adv.
 -- Ad`ven*ti"tious*ness, n.

ADVENTIVE
Ad*ven"tive, a.

1. Accidental.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Adventitious. Gray.

ADVENTIVE
Ad*ven"tive, n.

Defn: A thing or person coming from without; an immigrant. [R.]
Bacon.

ADVENTUAL
Ad*ven"tu*al, a.

Defn: Relating to the season of advent. Sanderson.

ADVENTURE
Ad*ven"ture, n. Etym: [OE. aventure, aunter, anter, F. aventure, fr.
LL. adventura, fr. L. advenire, adventum, to arrive, which in the
Romance languages took the sense of "to happen, befall." See Advene.]

1. That which happens without design; chance; hazard; hap; hence,
chance of danger or loss.
Nay, a far less good to man it will be found, if she must, at all
adventures, be fastened upon him individually. Milton.

2. Risk; danger; peril. [Obs.]
He was in great adventure of his life. Berners.

3. The encountering of risks; hazardous and striking enterprise; a
bold undertaking, in which hazards are to be encountered, and the
issue is staked upon unforeseen events; a daring feat.
He loved excitement and adventure. Macaulay.

4. A remarkable occurrence; a striking event; a stirring incident;
as, the adventures of one's life. Bacon.

5. A mercantile or speculative enterprise of hazard; a venture; a
shipment by a merchant on his own account. A bill of adventure
(Com.), a writing setting forth that the goods shipped are at the
owner's risk.

Syn.
 -- Undertaking; enterprise; venture; event.

ADVENTURE
Ad*ven"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adventured; p. pr. & vb. n.
Adventuring.] Etym: [OE. aventuren, auntren, F. aventurer, fr.
aventure. See Adventure, n.]

1. To risk, or hazard; jeopard; to venture.
He would not adventure himself into the theater. Acts xix. 31.

2. To venture upon; to run the risk of; to dare.
Yet they adventured to go back. Bunyan,
Discriminations might be adventured. J. Taylor.

ADVENTURE
Ad*ven"ture, v. i.

Defn: To try the chance; to take the risk.
I would adventure for such merchandise. Shak.

ADVENTUREFUL
Ad*ven"ture*ful, a.

Defn: Given to adventure.

ADVENTURER
Ad*ven"tur*er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. aventurier.]

1. One who adventures; as, the merchant adventurers; one who seeks
his fortune in new and hazardous or perilous enterprises.

2. A social pretender on the lookout for advancement.

ADVENTURESOME
Ad*ven"ture*some, a.

Defn: Full of risk; adventurous; venturesome.
 -- Ad*ven"ture*some*ness, n.

ADVENTURESS
Ad*ven"tur*ess, n.

Defn: A female adventurer; a woman who tries to gain position by
equivocal means.

ADVENTUROUS
Ad*ven"tur*ous, a. Etym: [OE. aventurous, aunterous, OF. aventuros,
F. aventureux, fr. aventure. See Adventure, n.]

1. Inclined to adventure; willing to incur hazard; prone to embark in
hazardous enterprise; rashly daring; -- applied to persons.
Bold deed thou hast presumed, adventurous Eve. Milton.

2. Full of hazard; attended with risk; exposing to danger; requiring
courage; rash; -- applied to acts; as, an adventurous undertaking,
deed, song.

Syn.
 -- Rash; foolhardy; presumptuous; enterprising; daring; hazardous;
venturesome. See Rash.

ADVENTUROUSLY
Ad*ven"tur*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an adventurous manner; venturesomely; boldly; daringly.

ADVENTUROUSNESS
Ad*ven"tur*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being adventurous; daring;
venturesomeness.

ADVERB
Ad"verb, n. Etym: [L. adverbium; ad + verbum word, verb: cf. F.
adverbe.] (Gram.)

Defn: A word used to modify the sense of a verb, participle,
adjective, or other adverb, and usually placed near it; as, he writes
well; paper extremely white.

ADVERBIAL
Ad*ver"bi*al, a. Etym: [L. adverbialis: cf. F. adverbial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an adverb; of the nature of an adverb; as,
an adverbial phrase or form.

ADVERBIALITY
Ad*ver`bi*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being adverbial. Earle.

ADVERBIALIZE
Ad*ver"bi*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To give the force or form of an adverb to.

ADVERBIALLY
Ad*ver"bi*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of an adverb.

ADVERSARIA
Ad`ver*sa"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [L. adversaria (sc. scripta), neut. pl.
of adversarius.]

Defn: A miscellaneous collection of notes, remarks, or selections; a
commonplace book; also, commentaries or notes.
These parchments are supposed to have been St. Paul's adversaria. Bp.
Bull.

ADVERSARIOUS
Ad`ver*sa"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Hostile. [R.] Southey.

ADVERSARY
Ad`ver*sa*ry, n.; pl. Adversaries. Etym: [OE. adversarie, direct fr.
the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L.
adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.]

Defn: One who is turned against another or others with a design to
oppose

or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an
opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.
His ancient knot of dangerous adversaries. Shak.
Agree with thine adversary quickly. Matt. v. 25.
It may be thought that to vindicate the permanency of truth is to
dispute without an adversary. Beattie.
The Adversary, The Satan, or the Devil.

Syn.
 -- Adversary, Enemy, Opponent, Antagonist. Enemy is the only one of
these words which necessarily implies a state of personal hostility.
Men may be adversaries, antagonists, or opponents to each other in
certain respects, and yet have no feelings of general animosity. An
adversary may be simply one who is placed for a time in a hostile
position, as in a lawsuit, an argument, in chess playing, or at
fence. An opponent is one who is ranged against another (perhaps
passively) on the opposing side; as a political opponent, an opponent
in debate. An antagonist is one who struggles against another with
active effort, either in a literal fight or in verbal debate.

ADVERSARY
Ad"ver*sa*ry, a.

1. Opposed; opposite; adverse; antagonistic. [Archaic] Bp. King.

2. (Law)

Defn: Having an opposing party; not unopposed; as, an adversary suit.

ADVERSATIVE
Ad*ver"sa*tive, a. Etym: [L. adversativus, fr. adversari.]

Defn: Expressing contrariety, opposition, or antithesis; as, an
adversative conjunction (but, however, yet, etc. ); an adversative
force.
 -- Ad*ver"sa*tive*ly, adv.

ADVERSATIVE
Ad*ver"sa*tive, n.

Defn: An adversative word. Harris.

ADVERSE
Ad"verse, a. Etym: [OE. advers, OF. avers, advers, fr. L. adversus,
p. p. advertere to turn to. See Advert.]

1. Acting against, or in a contrary direction; opposed; contrary;
opposite; conflicting; as, adverse winds; an adverse party; a spirit
adverse to distinctions of caste.

2. Opposite. "Calpe's adverse height." Byron.

3. In hostile opposition to; unfavorable; unpropitious; contrary to
one's wishes; unfortunate; calamitous; afflictive; hurtful; as,
adverse fates, adverse circumstances, things adverse.
Happy were it for us all if we bore prosperity as well and wisely as
we endure an adverse fortune. Southey.
Adverse possession (Law), a possession of real property avowedly
contrary to some claim of title in another person. Abbott.

Syn.
 -- Averse; reluctant; unwilling. See Averse.

ADVERSE
Ad*verse", v. t. Etym: [L. adversari: cf. OF. averser.]

Defn: To oppose; to resist. [Obs.] Gower.

ADVERSELY
Ad"verse*ly (277), adv.

Defn: In an adverse manner; inimically; unfortunately; contrariwise.

ADVERSENESS
Ad"verse*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being adverse; opposition.

ADVERSIFOLIATE; ADVERSIFOLIOUS
Ad*ver`si*fo"li*ate, Ad*ver`si*fo"li*ous a. Etym: [L. adver + folium
leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having opposite leaves, as plants which have the leaves so
arranged on the stem.

ADVERSION
Ad*ver"sion, n.Etym: [L. adversio]

Defn: A turning towards; attention. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

ADVERSITY
Ad*ver"si*ty, n.; pl. Adversities(#). Etym: [OE. adversite, F.
adversité, fr. L. adversitas.]

1. Opposition; contrariety. [Obs.] Wyclif.
Adversity is not without comforts and hopes. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Affliction; distress; misery; disaster; trouble; suffering;
trial.

ADVERT
Ad*vert", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Adverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Adverting.]
Etym: [L. advertere, v. t., to turn to; ad + vertere to turn: cf. F.
avertir. See Advertise.]

Defn: To turn the mind or attention; to refer; to take heed or
notice; -- with to; as, he adverted to what was said.
I may again advert to the distinction. Owen.

Syn.- To refer; allude; regard. See Refer.

ADVERTENCE; ADVERTENCY
Ad*vert"ence, Ad*vert"en*cy,Etym: [OF. advertence, avertence, LL.
advertentia, fr. L. advertens. See Advertent.]

Defn: The act of adverting, of the quality of being advertent;
attention; notice; regard; heedfulness.
To this difference it is right that advertence should be had in
regulating taxation. J. S. Mill.

ADVERTENT
Ad*vert"ent, a. Etym: [L. advertens, -entis, p. pr. of advertere. See
Advert.]

Defn: Attentive; heedful; regardful. Sir M. Hale.
 -- Ad*vert"ent*ly, adv.

ADVERTISE
Ad`ver*tise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Advertised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Advertising.] Etym: [F. avertir, formerly also spelt advertir, to
warn, give notice to, L. advertere to turn to. The ending was
probably influenced by the noun advertisement. See Advert.]

Defn: To give notice to; to inform or apprise; to notify; to make
known; hence, to warn; -- often followed by of before the subject of
information; as, to advertise a man of his loss. [Archaic]
I will advertise thee what this people shall do. Num. xxiv. 14.

4. To give public notice of; to announce publicly, esp. by a printed
notice; as, to advertise goods for sale, a lost article, the sailing
day of a vessel, a political meeting.

Syn.
 -- To apprise; inform; make known; notify; announce; proclaim;
promulgate; publish.

ADVERTISEMENT
Ad*ver"tise*ment, n. Etym: [F.avertisement, formerly also spelled
advertissement, a warning, giving notice, fr. avertir.]

1. The act of informing or notifying; notification. [Archaic]
An advertisement of danger. Bp. Burnet.

2. Admonition; advice; warning. [Obs.]
Therefore give me no counsel: My griefs cry louder than
advertisement. Shak.

3. A public notice, especially a paid notice in some public print;
anything that advertises; as, a newspaper containing many
advertisement.

ADVERTISER
Ad`ver*tis"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, advertises.

ADVICE
Ad*vice", n. Etym: [OE. avis, F. avis; + OF. vis, fr. L. visum
seemed, seen; really p. p. of videre to see, so that vis meant that
which has seemed best. See Vision, and cf. Avise, Advise.]

1. An opinion recommended or offered, as worthy to be followed;
counsel.
We may give advice, but we can not give conduct. Franklin.

2. Deliberate consideration; knowledge. [Obs.]
How shall I dote on her with more advice, That thus without advice
begin to love her Shak.

3. Information or notice given; intelligence; as, late advices from
France; -- commonly in the plural.

Note: In commercial language, advice usually means information
communicated by letter; -- used chiefly in reference to drafts or
bills of exchange; as, a letter of advice. McElrath.

4. (Crim. Law)

Defn: Counseling to perform a specific illegal act. Wharton. Advice
boat, a vessel employed to carry dispatches or to reconnoiter; a
dispatch boat.
 -- To take advice. (a) To accept advice. (b) To consult with another
or others.

Syn.
 -- Counsel; suggestion; recommendation; admonition; exhortation;
information; notice.

ADVISABILITY
Ad*vis`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being advisable; advisableness.

ADVISABLE
Ad*vis"a*ble, a.

1. Proper to be advised or to be done; expedient; prudent.
Some judge it advisable for a man to account with his heart every
day. South.

2. Ready to receive advice. [R.] South.

Syn.
 -- Expedient; proper; desirable; befitting.

ADVISABLE-NESS
Ad*vis"a*ble-ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being advisable or expedient; expediency;
advisability.

ADVISABLY
Ad*vis"a*bly, adv.

Defn: With advice; wisely.

ADVISE
Ad*vise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Advised; p. pr. & vb. n. Advising.]
Etym: [OE. avisen to perceive, consider, inform, F. aviser, fr. LL.
advisare. advisare; ad + visare, fr. L. videre, visum, to see. See
Advice, and cf. Avise.]

1. To give advice to; to offer an opinion, as worthy or expedient to
be followed; to counsel; to warn. "I shall no more advise thee."
Milton.

2. To give information or notice to; to inform; -- with of before the
thing communicated; as, we were advised of the risk. To advise one's
self, to bethink one's self; to take counsel with one's self; to
reflect; to consider. [Obs.]
Bid thy master well advise himself. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To counsel; admonish; apprise; acquaint.

ADVISE
Ad*vise", v. t.

1. To consider; to deliberate. [Obs.]
Advise if this be worth attempting. Milton.

2. To take counsel; to consult; -- followed by with; as, to advise
with friends.

ADVISEDLY
Ad*vis"ed*ly, adv.

1. Circumspectly; deliberately; leisurely. [Obs.] Shak.

2. With deliberate purpose; purposely; by design. "Advisedly
undertaken." Suckling.

ADVISEDNESS
Ad*vis"ed*ness n.

Defn: Deliberate consideration; prudent procedure; caution.

ADVISEMENT
Ad*vise"ment, n. Etym: [OE. avisement, F. avisement, fr. aviser. See
Advise, and cf. Avisement.]

1. Counsel; advise; information. [Archaic]
And mused awhile, waking advisement takes of what had passed in
sleep. Daniel.

2. Consideration; deliberation; consultation.
Tempering the passion with advisement slow. Spenser.

ADVISER
Ad*vis"er, n.

Defn: One who advises.

ADVISERSHIP
Ad*vis"er*ship, n.

Defn: The office of an adviser. [R.]

ADVISO
Ad*vi"so, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. aviso. See Advice.]

Defn: Advice; counsel; suggestion; also, a dispatch or advice boat.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ADVISORY
Ad*vi"so*ry, a.

Defn: Having power to advise; containing advice; as, an advisory
council; their opinion is merely advisory.
The General Association has a general advisory superintendence over
all the ministers and churches. Trumbull.

ADVOCACY
Ad"vo*ca*cy, n. Etym: [OF. advocatie, LL. advocatia. See Advocate.]

Defn: The act of pleading for or supporting; work of advocating;
intercession.

ADVOCATE
Ad"vo*cate, n. Etym: [OE. avocat, avocet, OF. avocat, fr. L.
advocatus, one summoned or called to another; properly the p. p. of
advocare to call to, call to one's aid; ad + vocare to call. See
Advowee, Avowee, Vocal.]

1. One who pleads the cause of another. Specifically: One who pleads
the cause of another before a tribunal or judicial court; a
counselor.

Note: In the English and American Law, advocate is the same as
"counsel," "counselor," or "barrister." In the civil and
ecclesiastical courts, the term signifies the same as "counsel" at
the common law.

2. One who defends, vindicates, or espouses any cause by argument; a
pleader; as, an advocate of free trade, an advocate of truth.

3. Christ, considered as an intercessor.
We have an Advocate with the Father. 1 John ii. 1.
Faculty of advocates (Scot.), the Scottish bar in Edinburgh.
 -- Lord advocate (Scot.), the public prosecutor of crimes, and
principal crown lawyer.
 -- Judge advocate. See under Judge.

ADVOCATE
Ad"vo*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Advocated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Advocating.] Etym: [See Advocate, n., Advoke, Avow.]

Defn: To plead in favor of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal
or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly.
To advocate the cause of thy client. Bp. Sanderson (1624).
This is the only thing distinct and sensible, that has been
advocated. Burke.
Eminent orators were engaged to advocate his cause. Mitford.

ADVOCATE
Ad"vo*cate, v. i.

Defn: To act as advocate. [Obs.] Fuller.

ADVOCATESHIP
Ad"vo*cate*ship, n.

Defn: Office or duty of an advocate.

ADVOCATION
Ad`vo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. advocatio: cf. OF. avocation. See
Advowson.]

1. The act of advocating or pleading; plea; advocacy. [Archaic]
The holy Jesus . . . sits in heaven in a perpetual advocation for us.
Jer. Taylor.

2. Advowson. [Obs.]
The donations or advocations of church livings. Sanderson.

3. (Scots Law)

Defn: The process of removing a cause from an inferior court to the
supreme court. Bell.

ADVOCATORY
Ad"vo*ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an advocate. [R.]

ADVOKE
Ad*voke", v. t. Etym: [L. advocare. See Advocate.]

Defn: To summon; to call. [Obs.]
Queen Katharine had privately prevailed with the pope to advoke the
cause to Rome. Fuller.

ADVOLUTION
Ad`vo*lu"tion, n. Etym: [L. advolvere, advolutum, to roll to.]

Defn: A rolling toward something. [R.]

ADVOUTRER
Ad*vou"trer, n. Etym: [OF. avoutre, avoltre, fr. L. adulter. Cf.
Adulterer.]

Defn: An adulterer. [Obs.]

ADVOUTRESS
Ad*vou"tress, n.

Defn: An adulteress. [Obs.] Bacon.

ADVOUTRY; ADVOWTRY
Ad*vou"try, Ad*vow"try, n. Etym: [OE. avoutrie, avouterie, advoutrie,
OF. avoutrie, avulterie, fr. L. adulterium. Cf. Adultery.]

Defn: Adultery. [Obs.] Bacon.

ADVOWEE
Ad*vow*ee", n. Etym: [OE. avowe, F. avoué, fr. L. advocatus. See
Advocate, Avowee, Avoyer.]

Defn: One who has an advowson. Cowell.

ADVOWSON
Ad*vow"son, n. Etym: [OE. avoweisoun, OF. avoëson, fr. L. advocatio.
Cf. Advocation.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: The right of presenting to a vacant benefice or living in the
church. [Originally, the relation of a patron (advocatus) or
protector of a benefice, and thus privileged to nominate or present
to it.]

Note: The benefices of the Church of England are in every case
subjects of presentation. They are nearly 12,000 in number; the
advowson of more than half of them belongs to private persons, and of
the remainder to the crown, bishops, deans and chapters,
universities, and colleges. Amer. Cyc.

ADVOYER
Ad*voy"er, n.

Defn: See Avoyer. [Obs.]

ADWARD
Ad*ward", n.

Defn: Award. [Obs.] Spenser.

ADYNAMIA
Ad`y*na"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL. adynamia, fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Considerable debility of the vital powers, as in typhoid fever.
Dunglison.

ADYNAMIC
Ad`y*nam"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. adynamique. See Adynamy.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, debility of the vital
powers; weak.

2. (Physics)

Defn: Characterized by the absence of power or force. Adynamic
fevers, malignant or putrid fevers attended with great muscular
debility.

ADYNAMY
A*dyn"a*my, n.

Defn: Adynamia. [R.] Morin.

ADYTUM
Ad"y*tum, n. Adyta. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: The innermost sanctuary or shrine in ancient temples, whence
oracles were given. Hence: A private chamber; a sanctum.

ADZ
Adz, v. t.

Defn: To cut with an adz. [R.] Carlyle.

ADZ; ADZE
Adz, Adze, n. Etym: [OE. adese, adis, adse, AS. adesa, adese, ax,
hatchet.]

Defn: A carpenter's or cooper's tool, formed with a thin arching
blade set at right angles to the handle. It is used for chipping or
slicing away the surface of wood.

AE
Æ or Ae.

Defn: A diphthong in the Latin language; used also by the Saxon
writers. It answers to the Gr. æ was generally replaced by a, the
long e or ee. In derivatives from Latin words with ae, it is mostly
superseded by e. For most words found with this initial combination,
the reader will therefore search under the letter E.

AECIDIUM
Æ*cid"i*um, n.; pl. Æcidia. Etym: [NL., dim. of Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A form of fruit in the cycle of development of the Rusts or
Brands, an order of fungi, formerly considered independent plants.

AEDILE
Æ"dile, n. Etym: [L. aedilis, fr. aedes temple, public building. Cf.
Edify.]

Defn: A magistrate in ancient Rome, who had the superintendence of
public buildings, highways, shows, etc.; hence, a municipal officer.

AEDILESHIP
Æ"dile*ship, n.

Defn: The office of an ædile. T. Arnold.

AEGEAN
Æ*ge"an, a. Etym: [L. Aegeus; Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sea, or arm of the Mediterranean sea,
east of Greece. See Archipelago.

AEGICRANIA
Æ`gi*cra"ni*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: Sculptured ornaments, used in classical architecture,
representing rams' heads or skulls.

AEGILOPS
Æg"i*lops, n. Etym: [L. aegilopis, Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: An ulcer or fistula in the inner corner of the eye.

2. (Bot.)
(a) The great wild-oat grass or other cornfield weed. Crabb.
(b) A genus of plants, called also hardgrass.

AEGIS
Æ"gis, n. Etym: [L. aegis, fr. Gr.

Defn: A shield or protective armor; -- applied in mythology to the
shield of Jupiter which he gave to Minerva. Also fig.: A shield; a
protection.

AEGOPHONY
Æ*goph"o*ny, n.

Defn: Same as Egophony.

AEGROTAT
Æ*gro"tat, n. Etym: [L., he is sick.] (Camb. Univ.)

Defn: A medical certificate that a student is ill.

AENEID
Æ*ne"id, n. Etym: [L. Aeneis, Aeneidis, or -dos: cf. F. .]

Defn: The great epic poem of Virgil, of which the hero is Æneas.

AENEOUS
A*ë"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. aëneus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Colored like bronze.

AEOLIAN
Æ*o"li*an, a. Etym: [L. Aeolius, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to Æolia or Æolis, in Asia Minor, colonized by
the Greeks, or to its inhabitants; æolic; as, the Æolian dialect.

2. Pertaining to Æolus, the mythic god of the winds; pertaining to,
or produced by, the wind; aërial.
Viewless forms the æolian organ play. Campbell.
Æolian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte,
which prolongs the vibrations, increases the

volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings.
Moore.
 -- Æolian harp, Æolian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a
box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to
produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore.
 -- Æolian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early
ecclesiastical modes.

AEOLIC
Æ*ol"ic, a. Etym: [L. Aeolicus; Gr.

Defn: Æolian, 1; as, the Æolic dialect; the Æolic mode.

AEOLIPILE; AEOLIPYLE
Æ*ol"i*pile, Æ*ol"i*pyle, n. Etym: [L. aeolipilae; Aeolus god of the
winds + pila a ball, or Gr. i. e., doorway of Æolus); cf. F.
éolipyle.]

Defn: An apparatus consisting chiefly of a closed vessel (as a globe
or cylinder) with one or more projecting bent tubes, through which
steam is made to pass from the vessel, causing it to revolve.
[Written also eolipile.]

Note: Such an apparatus was first described by Hero of Alexandria
about 200 years b. c. It has often been called the first steam
engine.

AEOLOTROPIC
Æ`o*lo*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)

Defn: Exhibiting differences of quality or property in different
directions; not isotropic. Sir W. Thomson.

AEOLOTROPY
Æ`o*lot"ro*py, n. (Physics)

Defn: Difference of quality or property in different directions.

AEOLUS
Æ"o*lus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. & Rom. Myth.)

Defn: The god of the winds.

AEON
Æ"on, n.

Defn: A period of immeasurable duration; also, an emanation of the
Deity. See Eon.

AEONIAN
Æ*o"ni*an, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Eternal; everlasting. "Æonian hills." Tennyson.

AEPYORNIS
Æ`py*or"nis, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A gigantic bird found fossil in Madagascar.

AERATE
A"ër*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. A; p. pr. & vb. n. A.] Etym: [Cf. F.
aérer. See Air,v. t.]

1. To combine or charge with gas; usually with carbonic acid gas,
formerly called fixed air.
His sparkling sallies bubbled up as from aërated natural fountains.
Carlyle.

2. To supply or impregnate with common air; as, to aërate soil; to
aërate water.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: To expose to the chemical action of air; to oxygenate (the
blood) by respiration; to arterialize. Aërated bread, bread raised by
charging dough with carbonic acid gas, instead of generating the gas
in the dough by fermentation.

AERATION
A`ër*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. aération.]

1. Exposure to the free action of the air; airing; as, aëration of
soil, of spawn, etc.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: A change produced in the blood by exposure to the air in
respiration; oxygenation of the blood in respiration;
arterialization.

3. The act or preparation of charging with carbonic acid gas or with
oxygen.

AERATOR
A"ër*a`tor, n.

Defn: That which supplies with air; esp. an apparatus used for
charging mineral waters with gas and in making soda water.

AERENCHYM; AERENCHYMA
{ A"ër*en`chym,  A`ër*en"chy*ma }, n. [NL. aërenchyma. See Aëro-;
Enchyma.] (Bot.)

Defn: A secondary respiratory tissue or modified periderm, found in
many aquatic plants and distinguished by the large intercellular
spaces.

AERIAL
A*ë"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. aërius. See Air.]

1. Of or pertaining to the air, or atmosphere; inhabiting or
frequenting the air; produced by or found in the air; performed in
the air; as, aërial regions or currents. "Aërial spirits." Milton.
"Aërial voyages." Darwin.

2. Consisting of air; resembling, or partaking of the nature of air.
Hence: Unsubstantial; unreal.

3. Rising aloft in air; high; lofty; as, aërial spires.

4. Growing, forming, or existing in the air, as opposed to growing or
existing in earth or water, or underground; as, aërial rootlets,
aërial plants. Gray.

5. Light as air; ethereal. Aërial acid, carbonic acid. [Obs.] Ure.
 -- Aërial perspective. See Perspective.

AERIALITY
A*ë`ri*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being aërial; [R.] De Quincey.

AERIALLY
A*ë"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Like, or from, the air; in an aërial manner. "A murmur heard
aërially." Tennyson.

AERIAL RAILWAY
A*ë`ri*al rail"way`. (a) A stretched wire or rope elevated above the
ground and forming a way along which a trolley may travel, for
conveying a load suspended from the trolley.
 (b) An elevated cableway.

AERIAL SICKNESS
A*ë"ri*al sick"ness.

Defn: A sickness felt by aëronauts due to high speed of flights and
rapidity in changing altitudes, combining some symptoms of mountain
sickness and some of seasickness.

AERIE
Ae"rie, n. Etym: [OE. aire, eire, air, nest, also origin, descent,
OF. aire, LL. area, aera, nest of a bird of prey, perh. fr. L. area
an open space (for birds of prey like to build their nests on flat
and open spaces on the top of high rocks). Cf. Area.]

Defn: The nest of a bird of prey, as of an eagle or hawk; also a
brood of such birds; eyrie. Shak. Also fig.: A human residence or
resting place perched like an eagle's nest.

AERIFEROUS
A`ër*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. aër air + -ferous: cf. F. aérifère.]

Defn: Conveying or containing air; air-bearing; as, the windpipe is
an aëriferous tube.

AERIFICATION
A`ër*i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. aérification. See A.]

1. The act of combining air with another substance, or the state of
being filled with air.

2. The act of becoming aërified, or of changing from a solid or
liquid form into an aëriform state; the state of being aëriform.

AERIFORM
A"ër*i*form, a. Etym: [L. aër air + -form: cf. F. aériforme.]

Defn: Having the form or nature of air, or of an elastic fluid;
gaseous. Hence fig.: Unreal.

AERIFY
A"ër*i*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. aër air + -fly.]

1. To infuse air into; to combine air with.

2. To change into an aëriform state.

AERO-
A"ër*o-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The combining form of the Greek word meaning air.

AEROBIC
A`ër*o"bic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Growing or thriving only in the presence of oxygen; also,
pertaining to, or induced by, aërobies; as, aërobic fermentation. --
A`ër*o"bic*al*ly (#), adv.

AEROBIES
A"ër*o*bies, n. pl. Etym: [Aëro- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Microörganisms which live in contact with the air and need
oxygen for their growth; as the microbacteria which form on the
surface of putrefactive fluids.

AEROBIOTIC
A`ër*o*bi*ot"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Related to, or of the nature of, aërobies; as, aërobiotic
plants, which live only when supplied with free oxygen.

AEROBOAT
A"ër*o*boat`, n. [Aëro- + boat.]

Defn: A form of hydro-aëroplane; a flying boat.

AEROBUS
A"ër*o*bus`, n.  [Aëro-+ bus.]

Defn: An aëroplane or airship designed to carry passengers.

AEROCLUB
A"ër*o*club`, n. [Aëro- + club.]

Defn: A club or association of persons interested in aëronautics.

AEROCURVE
A"ër*o*curve`, n. [Aëro- + curve.] (Aëronautics)

Defn: A modification of the aëroplane, having curved surfaces, the
advantages of which were first demonstrated by Lilienthal.

AEROCYST
A"ër*o*cyst, n. Etym: [Aëro- + cyst.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the air cells of algals.

AEROCYST
A"ër*o*cyst, n. [Aëro-+ cyst.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the air cells of algals.

AERODONETICS
A`ë*ro*do*net"ics, n. [Aëro- + Gr.  shaken,  to shake.] (Aëronautics)

Defn: The science of gliding and soaring flight.

AERODROME
A"ë*ro*drome`, n. [Aëro- + Gr.  a running.] (Aëronautics) (a) A shed
for housing an airship or aëroplane.
 (b) A ground or field, esp. one equipped with housing and other
facilities, used for flying purposes. -- A`ër*o*drom"ic (#), a.

AERODYNAMIC
A"ër*o*dy*nam"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the force of air in motion.

AERODYNAMICS
A`ër*o*dy*nam"ics, n. Etym: [Aëro- + dynamics: cf. F. aérodynamique.]

Defn: The science which treats of the air and other gaseous bodies
under the action of force, and of their mechanical effects.

AEROFOIL
A"ër*o*foil`, n. [Aëro- + foil.]

Defn: A plane or arched surface for sustaining bodies by its movement
through the air; a spread wing, as of a bird.

AEROGNOSY
A`ër*og"no*sy, n. Etym: [Aëro- + Gr. aérognosie.]

Defn: The science which treats of the properties of the air, and of
the part it plays in nature. Craig.

AEROGRAPHER
A`ër*og"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One versed in aëography: an aërologist.

AEROGRAPHIC; AEROGRAPHICAL
A`ër*o*graph"ic, A`ër*o*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to aërography; aërological.

AEROGRAPHY
A`ër*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Aëro- + -graphy: cf. F. aérographie.]

Defn: A description of the air or atmosphere; aërology.

AEROGUN
A"ër*o*gun`, n.  [Aëro-+ gun.]

Defn: A cannon capable of being trained at very high angles for use
against aircraft.

AEROHYDRODYNAMIC
A`ër*o*hy`dro*dy*nam"ic, a. Etym: [Aëro- + hydrodynamic.]

Defn: Acting by the force of air and water; as, an aërohydrodynamic
wheel.

AEROLITE
A"ër*o*lite, n. Etym: [Aëro- + -lite: cf. F. aérolithe.] (Meteor.)

Defn: A stone, or metallic mass, which has fallen to the earth from
distant space; a meteorite; a meteoric stone.

Note: Some writers limit the word to stony meteorites.

AEROLITH
A"ër*o*lith, n.

Defn: Same as A.

AEROLITHOLOGY
A`ër*o*li*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Aëro- + lithology.]

Defn: The science of aërolites.

AEROLITIC
A`ër*o*lit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to aërolites; meteoric; as, aërolitic iron.
Booth.

AEROLOGIC; AEROLOGICAL
A`ër*o*log"ic, A`ër*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to aërology.

AEROLOGIST
A`ër*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in aërology.

AEROLOGY
A`ër*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Aëro- + -logy: cf. F. aérologie.]

Defn: That department of physics which treats of the atmosphere.

AEROMANCY
A"ër*o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Aëro- + -mancy: cf. F. aéromancie.]

Defn: Divination from the state of the air or from atmospheric
substances; also, forecasting changes in the weather.

AEROMECHANIC; AEROMECHANICAL
A`ër*o*me*chan"ic, A`ër*o*me*chan"ical, a.

Defn: Of or pert. to aëromechanics.

AEROMECHANIC
A`ër*o*me*chan"ic, n.

Defn: A mechanic or mechanician expert in the art and practice of
aëronautics.

AEROMECHANICS
A`ër*o*me*chan"ics, n.

Defn: The science of equilibrium and motion of air or an aëriform
fluid, including aërodynamics and aërostatics.

AEROMETER
A`ër*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Aëro- + -meter: cf. F. éromètre.]

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the weight or density of air and
gases.

AEROMETRIC
A`ër*o*met"ric, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to aërometry; as, aërometric investigations.

AEROMETRY
A`ër*om"e*try, n. Etym: [Aëro- + -metry: cf. F. érométrie.]

Defn: The science of measuring the air, including the doctrine of its
pressure, elasticity, rarefaction, and condensation; pneumatics.

AERONAT
A"ër*o*nat`, n. [F. aéronat. See Aëro-; Natation.]

Defn: A dirigible balloon.

AERONAUT
A"ër*o*naut, n. Etym: [F. aéronaute, fr. Gr. Nautical.]

Defn: An aërial navigator; a balloonist.

AERONAUTIC; AERONAUTICAL
A`ër*o*naut"ic, A`ër*o*naut"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. aéronauitique.]

Defn: Pertaining to aëronautics, or aërial sailing.

AERONAUTICS
A`ër*o*naut"ics, n.

Defn: The science or art of ascending and sailing in the air, as by
means of a balloon; aërial navigation; ballooning.

AERONEF
A"ër*o*nef`, n. [F. aéronef.]

Defn: A power-driven, heavier-than-air flying machine.

AEROPHOBIA; AEROPHOBY
A`ër*o*pho"bi*a, A`ër*oph"o*by, n. Etym: [Aëro- + Gr. aérophobie.]
(Med.)

Defn: Dread of a current of air.

AEROPHONE
A"ër*o*phone`, n. [Aëro- + Gr.  voice.] (a) A form of combined
speaking and ear trumpet.
 (b) An instrument, proposed by Edison, for greatly intensifying
speech. It consists of a phonograph diaphragm so arranged that its
action opens and closes valves, producing synchronous air blasts
sufficient to operate a larger diaphragm with greater amplitude of
vibration.

AEROPHYTE
A"ër*o*phyte (, n. Etym: [Aëro- + Gr. aérophyte.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant growing entirely in the air, and receiving its
nourishment from it; an air plant or epiphyte.

AEROPLANE
A"ër*o*plane` (, n. Etym: [Aëro- + plane.]

Defn: A flying machine, or a small plane for experiments on flying,
which floats in the air only when propelled through it.

AEROPLANIST
A"ër*o*plan`ist, n.

Defn: One who flies in an aëroplane.

AEROSCOPE
A"ër*o*scope (, n. Etym: [Aëro- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: An apparatus designed for collecting spores, germs, bacteria,
etc., suspended in the air.

AEROSCOPY
A`ër*os"co*py (, n. Etym: [Aëro- + Gr.

Defn: The observation of the state and variations of the atmosphere.

AEROSE
Æ*rose" (, a. Etym: [L. aerosus, fr. aes, aeris, brass, copper.]

Defn: Of the nature of, or like, copper; brassy. [R.]

AEROSIDERITE
A`ër*o*sid"er*ite (, n. Etym: [Aëro- + siderite.] (Meteor.)

Defn: A mass of meteoric iron.

AEROSPHERE
A"ër*o*sphere (, n. Etym: [Aëro- + sphere: cf. F. aérosphère.]

Defn: The atmosphere. [R.]

AEROSTAT
A"ër*o*stat (, n. Etym: [F. aérostat, fr. Gr. Statics.]

1. A balloon.

2. A balloonist; an aëronaut.

AEROSTATIC; AEROSTATICAL
A`ër*o*stat"ic (, A`ër*o*stat"ic*al (, a. Etym: [Aëro- + Gr.
aérostatique. See Statical, Statics.]

1. Of or pertaining to aërostatics; pneumatic.

2. Aëronautic; as, an aërostatic voyage.

AEROSTATICS
A`ër*o*stat"ics (, n.

Defn: The science that treats of the equilibrium of elastic fluids,
or that of bodies sustained in them. Hence it includes aëronautics.

AEROSTATION
A`ër*os*ta"tion (, n. Etym: [Cf. F. aérostation the art of using
aërostats.]

1. Aërial navigation; the art of raising and guiding balloons in the
air.

2. The science of weighing air; aërostatics. [Obs.]

AEROTAXIS
A"ër*o*tax`is, n. [NL. See Aëro-; Taxis.] (Bacteriology)

Defn: The positive or negative stimulus exerted by oxygen on aërobic
and anaërobic bacteria. -- A`ër*o*tac"tic (#), a.

AEROTHERAPENTICS
A`ër*o*ther`a*pen"tics, n. [Aëro- + therapeutics.] (Med.)

Defn: Treatment of disease by the use of air or other gases.

AEROYACHT
A"ër*o*yacht`, n. [Aëro- + yacht.]

Defn: A form of hydro-aëroplane; a flying boat.

AERUGINOUS
Æ*ru"gi*nous (, a. Etym: [L. aeruginosus, fr. aerugo rust of copper,
fr. aes copper: cf. F. érugineux.]

Defn: Of the nature or color of verdigris, or the rust of copper.

AERUGO
Æ*ru"go (, n. Etym: [L. aes brass, copper.]

Defn: The rust of any metal, esp. of brass or copper; verdigris.

AERY
Ae"ry (, n.

Defn: An aerie.

AERY
A"ër*y (, a. Etym: [See Air.]

Defn: Aërial; ethereal; incorporeal; visionary. [Poetic] M. Arnold.

AESCULAPIAN
Æs`cu*la"pi*an (, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Æsculapius or to the healing art; medical;
medicinal.

AESCULAPIUS
Æs`cu*la"pi*us (, n. Etym: [L. Aesculapius, Gr. (Myth.)

Defn: The god of medicine. Hence, a physician.

AESCULIN
Æs"cu*lin (, n.

Defn: Same as Esculin.

AESIR
Æ"sir, n. pl. [Icel., pl. of ass god.]

Defn: In the old Norse mythology, the gods Odin, Thor, Loki, Balder,
Frigg, and the others. Their home was called Asgard.

AESOPIAN; ESOPIAN
Æ*so"pi*an, E*so"pi*an (, a. Etym: [L. Aesopius, from Gr. (.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Æsop, or in his manner.

AESOPIC; ESOPIC
Æ*sop"ic, E*sop"ic (, a. Etym: [L. Aesopicus, Gr.

Defn: Same as Æsopian.

AESTHESIA
Æs*the"si*a (, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Perception by the senses; feeling; -- the opposite of
anæsthesia.

AESTHESIOMETER; ESTHESIOMETER
Æs*the`si*om"e*ter, Es*the`si*om"e*ter (, n. Etym: [Gr. Æsthesia) + -
meter.]

Defn: An instrument to measure the degree of sensation, by
determining at how short a distance two impressions upon the skin can
be distinguished, and thus to determine whether the condition of
tactile sensibility is normal or altered.

AESTHESIS
Æs*the""sis (, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Sensuous perception. [R.] Ruskin.

AESTHESODIC
Æs`the*sod"ic (, a. Etym: [Gr. esthésodique.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Conveying sensory or afferent impulses; -- said of nerves.

AESTHETE
Æs"thete (, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who makes much or overmuch of æsthetics. [Recent]

AESTHETIC; AESTHETICAL
Æs*thet"ic (, Æs*thet"ic*al (, a.

Defn: Of or Pertaining to æsthetics; versed in æsthetics; as,
æsthetic studies, emotions, ideas, persons, etc.
 -- Æs*thet"ic*al*ly, adv.

AESTHETICAN
Æs`the*ti"can, n.

Defn: One versed in æsthetics.

AESTHETICISM
Æs*thet"i*cism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of æsthetics; æsthetic principles; devotion to the
beautiful in nature and art. Lowell.

AESTHETICS; ESTHETICS
Æs*thet"ics, Es*thet"ics (, n. Etym: [Gr. ästhetik, F. esthétique.]

Defn: The theory or philosophy of taste; the science of the beautiful
in nature and art; esp. that which treats of the expression and
embodiment of beauty by art.

AESTHO-PHYSIOLOGY
Æs`tho-phys`i*ol"o*gy(#), n. Etym: [Gr. physiology.]

Defn: The science of sensation in relation to nervous action. H.
Spenser.

AESTIVAL
Æs"ti*val, a. Etym: [L. aestivalis, aestivus, fr. aestas summer.]

Defn: Of or belonging to the summer; as, æstival diseases. [Spelt
also estival.]

AESTIVATE
Æs"ti*vate, v. i. Etym: [L. aestivare, aestivatum.]

1. To spend the summer.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: To pass the summer in a state of torpor. [Spelt also estivate.]

AESTIVATION
Æs`ti*va"tion, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The state of torpidity induced by the heat and dryness of
summer, as in certain snails; -- opposed to hibernation.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The arrangement of the petals in a flower bud, as to folding,
overlapping, etc.; prefloration. Gray. [Spelt also estivation.]

AESTUARY
Æs"tu*a*ry, n. & a.

Defn: See Estuary.

AESTUOUS
Æs"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. aestuosus, fr. aestus fire, glow.]

Defn: Glowing; agitated, as with heat.

AETHEOGAMOUS
A*ë`the*og"a*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Propagated in an unusual way; cryptogamous.

AETHER
Æ"ther, n.

Defn: See Ether.

AETHIOPS MINERAL
Æ"thi*ops min"er*al. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Ethiops mineral. [Obs.]

AETHOGEN
Æth"o*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of nitrogen and boro

AETHRIOSCOPE
Æ"thri*o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An instrument consisting in part of a differential thermometer.
It is used for measuring changes of temperature produced by different
conditions of the sky, as when clear or clouded.

AETIOLOGICAL
Æ`ti*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to ætiology; assigning a cause.
 -- Æ`ti*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

AETIOLOGY
Æ`ti*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. aetologia, Gr. étiologie.]

1. The science, doctrine, or demonstration of causes; esp., the
investigation of the causes of any disease; the science of the origin
and development of things.

2. The assignment of a cause.

AETITES
A`ë*ti"tes, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: See Eaglestone.

AFAR
A*far", adv. Etym: [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]

Defn: At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with
from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw
him afar off.
The steep where Fame's proud temple shines afar. Beattie.

AFEARD
A*feard", p. a. Etym: [OE. afered, AS. af, p. p. of af to frighten;
a- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning out) + fran to frighten.
See Fear.]

Defn: Afraid. [Obs.]
Be not afeard; the isle is full of noises. Shak.

AFER
A"fer, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: The southwest wind. Milton.

AFFABILITY
Af`fa*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. affabilitas: cf. F. affabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being affable; readiness to converse;
courteousness in receiving others and in conversation; complaisant
behavior.
Affability is of a wonderful efficacy or power in procuring love.
Elyot

AFFABLE
Af"fa*ble, a. Etym: [F. affable, L. affabilis, fr. affari to speak
to; ad + fari to speak. See Fable.]

1. Easy to be spoken to or addressed; receiving others kindly and
conversing with them in a free and friendly manner; courteous;
sociable.
An affable and courteous gentleman. Shak.
His manners polite and affable. Macaulay.

2. Gracious; mild; benign.
A serene and affable countenance. Tatler.

Syn.
 -- Courteous; civil; complaisant; accessible; mild; benign;
condescending.

AFFABLENESS
Af"fa*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Affability.

AFFABLY
Af"fa*bly, adv.

Defn: In an affable manner; courteously.

AFFABROUS
Af"fa*brous, a. Etym: [L. affaber workmanlike; ad + faber.]

Defn: Executed in a workmanlike manner; ingeniously made. [R.]
Bailey.

AFFAIR
Af*fair", n. Etym: [OE. afere, affere, OF. afaire, F. affaire, fr. a
faire to do; L.. ad + facere to do. See Fact, and cf. Ado.]

1. That which is done or is to be done; matter; concern; as, a
difficult affair to manage; business of any kind, commercial,
professional, or public; -- often in the plural. "At the head of
affairs." Junius. "A talent for affairs." Prescott.

2. Any proceeding or action which it is wished to refer to or
characterize vaguely; as, an affair of honor, i. e., a duel; an
affair of love, i. e., an intrigue.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: An action or engagement not of sufficient magnitude to be
called a battle.

4. Action; endeavor. [Obs.]
And with his best affair Obeyed the pleasure of the Sun. Chapman.

5. A material object (vaguely designated).
A certain affair of fine red cloth much worn and faded. Hawthorne.

AFFAMISH
Af*fam"ish, v. t. & i. Etym: [F. affamer, fr. L. ad + fames hunger.
See Famish.]

Defn: To afflict with, or perish from, hunger. [Obs.] Spenser.

AFFAMISHMENT
Af*fam"ish*ment, n.

Defn: Starvation. Bp. Hall.

AFFATUATE
Af*fat"u*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. ad + fatuus foolish.]

Defn: To infatuate. [Obs.] Milton.

AFFEAR
Af*fear", v. t. Etym: [OE. aferen, AS. af. See Afeard.]

Defn: To frighten. [Obs.] Spenser.

AFFECT
Af*fect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affected; p. pr. & vb. n. Affecting.]
Etym: [L. affectus, p. p. of afficere to affect by active agency; ad
+ facere to make: cf. F. affectere, L. affectare, freq. of afficere.
See Fact.]

1. To act upon; to produce an effect or change upon.
As might affect the earth with cold heat. Milton.
The climate affected their health and spirits. Macaulay.

2. To influence or move, as the feelings or passions; to touch.
A consideration of the rationale of our passions seems to me very
necessary for all who would affect them upon solid and pure
principles.

3. To love; to regard with affection. [Obs.]
As for Queen Katharine, he rather respected than affected, rather
honored than loved, her. Fuller.

4. To show a fondness for; to like to use or practice; to choose;
hence, to frequent habitually.
For he does neither affect company, nor is he fit for Shak.
Do not affect the society of your inferiors in rank, nor court that
of the great. Hazlitt.

5. To dispose or incline.
Men whom they thought best affected to religion and their country's
liberty. Milton.

6. To aim at; to aspire; to covet. [Obs.]
This proud man affects imperial Dryden.

7. To tend to by affinity or disposition.
The drops of every fluid affect a round figure. Newton.

8. To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to feign; to assume;
as, to affect ignorance.
Careless she is with artful care, Affecting to seem unaffected.
Congreve.
Thou dost affect my manners. Shak.

9. To assign; to appoint. [R.]
One of the domestics was affected to his special service. Thackeray.

Syn.
 -- To influence; operate; act on; concern; move; melt; soften;
subdue; overcome; pretend; assume.

AFFECT
Af*fect", n. Etym: [L. affectus.]

Defn: Affection; inclination; passion; feeling; disposition. [Obs.]
Shak.

AFFECTATION
Af`fec*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. affectatio: cf. F. affectation.]

1. An attempt to assume or exhibit what is not natural or real; false
display; artificial show. "An affectation of contempt." Macaulay.
Affectation is an awkward and forced imitation of what should be
genuine and easy, wanting the beauty that accompanies what is natural
what is natural. Locke.

2. A striving after. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

3. Fondness; affection. [Obs.] Hooker.

AFFECTATIONIST
Af`fec*ta"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who exhibits affectation. [R.] Fitzed. Hall.

AFFECTED
Af*fect"ed, p. p. & a.

1. Regarded with affection; beloved. [Obs.]
His affected Hercules. Chapman.

2. Inclined; disposed; attached.
How stand you affected his wish Shak.

3. Given to false show; assuming or pretending to posses what is not
natural or real.
He is . . . too spruce, too affected, too odd. Shak.

4. Assumed artificially; not natural.
Affected coldness and indifference. Addison.

5. (Alg.)

Defn: Made up of terms involving different powers of the unknown
quantity; adfected; as, an affected equation.

AFFECTEDLY
Af*fect"ed*ly, adv.

1. In an affected manner; hypocritically; with more show than
reality.

2. Lovingly; with tender care. [Obs.] Shak.

AFFECTEDNESS
Af*fect"ed*ness, n.

Defn: Affectation.

AFFECTER
Af*fect"er, n.

Defn: One who affects, assumes, pretends, or strives after.
"Affecters of wit." Abp. Secker.

AFFECTIBILITY
Af*fect`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being affectible. [R.]

AFFECTIBLE
Af*fect"i*ble, a.

Defn: That may be affected. [R.]
Lay aside the absolute, and, by union with the creaturely, become
affectible. Coleridge.

AFFECTING
Af*fect"ing, a.

1. Moving the emotions; fitted to excite the emotions; pathetic;
touching; as, an affecting address; an affecting sight.
The most affecting music is generally the most simple.

2. Affected; given to false show. [Obs.]
A drawling; affecting rouge. Shak.

AFFECTINGLY
Af*fect"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In an affecting manner; is a manner to excite emotions.

AFFECTION
Af*fec"tion, n. Etym: [F. affection, L. affectio, fr. afficere. See
Affect.]

1. The act of affecting or acting upon; the state of being affected.

2. An attribute; a quality or property; a condition; a bodily state;
as, figure, weight, etc. , are affections of bodies. "The affections
of quantity." Boyle.
And, truly, waking dreams were, more or less, An old and strange
affection of the house. Tennyson.

3. Bent of mind; a feeling or natural impulse or natural impulse
acting upon and swaying the mind; any emotion; as, the benevolent
affections, esteem, gratitude, etc. ; the malevolent affections,
hatred, envy, etc.; inclination; disposition; propensity; tendency.
Affection is applicable to an unpleasant as well as a pleasant state
of the mind, when impressed by any object or quality. Cogan.

4. A settled good will; kind feeling; love; zealous or tender
attachment; -- often in the pl. Formerly followed by to, but now more
generally by for or towards; as, filial, social, or conjugal
affections; to have an affection for or towards children.
All his affections are set on his own country. Macaulay.

5. Prejudice; bias. [Obs.] Bp. Aylmer.

6. (Med.)

Defn: Disease; morbid symptom; malady; as, a pulmonary affection.
Dunglison.

7. The lively representation of any emotion. Wotton.

8. Affectation. [Obs.] "Spruce affection." Shak.

9. Passion; violent emotion. [Obs.]
Most wretched man, That to affections does the bridle lend. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- Attachment; passion; tenderness; fondness; kindness; love; good
will. See Attachment; Disease.

AFFECTIONAL
Af*fec"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the affections; as, affectional impulses;
an affectional nature.

AFFECTIONATE
Af*fec"tion*ate, a. Etym: [Cf. F. affectionné.]

1. Having affection or warm regard; loving; fond; as, an affectionate
brother.

2. Kindly inclined; zealous. [Obs.] Johson.
Man, in his love God, and desire to please him, can never be too
affectionate. Sprat.

3. Proceeding from affection; indicating love; tender; as, the
affectionate care of a parent; affectionate countenance, message,
language.

4. Strongly inclined; -- with to. [Obs.] Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Tender; attached; loving; devoted; warm; fond; earnest; ardent.

AFFECTIONATED
Af*fec"tion*a`ted, a.

Defn: Disposed; inclined. [Obs.]
Affectionated to the people. Holinshed.

AFFECTIONATELY
Af*fec"tion*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: With affection; lovingly; fondly; tenderly; kindly.

AFFECTIONATENESS
Af*fec"tion*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being affectionate; fondness; affection.

AFFECTIONED
Af*fec"tioned, a.

1. Disposed. [Archaic]
Be kindly affectioned one to another. Rom. xii. 10.

2. Affected; conceited. [Obs.] Shak.

AFFECTIVE
Af*fec"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. affectif.]

1. Tending to affect; affecting. [Obs.] Burnet.

2. Pertaining to or exciting emotion; affectional; emotional. Rogers.

AFFECTIVELY
Af*fec"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an affective manner; impressively; emotionally.

AFFECTUOUS
Af*fec"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. affectuous: cf. F. affectueux. See
Affect.]

Defn: Full of passion or emotion; earnest. [Obs.] --
Af*fec"tu*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] Fabyan.

AFFEER
Af*feer", v. t. Etym: [OF. aforer, afeurer, to tax, appraise, assess,
fr. L. ad + forum market, court of justice, in LL. also meaning pri.]

1. To confirm; to assure. [Obs.] "The title is affeered." Shak.

2. (Old Law)

Defn: To assess or reduce, as an arbitrary penalty or amercement, to
a certain and reasonable sum.
Amercements . . . were affeered by the judges. Blackstone.

AFFEERER; AFFEEROR
Af*feer"er, Af*feer"or, n. Etym: [OF. aforeur, LL. afforator.] (Old
Law)

Defn: One who affeers. Cowell.

AFFEERMENT
Af*feer"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. aforement.] (Old Law)

Defn: The act of affeering. Blackstone.

AFFERENT
Af"fer*ent, a. Etym: [L. afferens, p. pr. of afferre; ad + ferre to
bear.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Bearing or conducting inwards to a part or organ; -- opposed to
efferent; as, afferent vessels; afferent nerves, which convey
sensations from the external organs to the brain.

AFFETTUOSO
Af*fet`tu*o"so, adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: With feeling.

AFFIANCE
Af*fi"ance, n. Etym: [OE. afiaunce trust, confidence, OF. afiance,
fr. afier to trust, fr. LL. affidare to trust; ad + fidare to trust,
fr. L. fides faith. See Faith, and cf. Affidavit, Affy, Confidence.]

1. Plighted faith; marriage contract or promise.

2. Trust; reliance; faith; confidence.
Such feelings promptly yielded to his habitual affiance in the divine
love. Sir J. Stephen.
Lancelot, my Lancelot, thou in whom I have Most joy and most
affiance. Tennyson.

AFFIANCE
Af*fi"ance, v. t. [imp. Affianced; p. pr. Affiancing.] Etym: [Cf. OF.
afiancier, fr. afiance.]

1. To betroth; to pledge one's faith to for marriage, or solemnly
promise (one's self or another) in marriage.
To me, sad maid, he was affianced. Spenser.

2. To assure by promise. [Obs.] Pope.

AFFIANCER
Af*fi"an*cer, n.

Defn: One who makes a contract of marriage between two persons.

AFFIANT
Af*fi"ant, n. Etym: [From p. pr. of OF. afier, LL. affidare. See
Affidavit.] (Law)

Defn: One who makes an affidavit. [U. S.] Burrill.

Syn.
 -- Deponent. See Deponent.

AFFICHE
Af`fiche", n. [F., fr. afficher to affix.]

Defn: A written or printed notice to be posted, as on a wall; a
poster; a placard.

AFFIDAVIT
Af`fi*da"vit, n. Etym: [LL. affidavit he has made oath, perfect tense
of affidare. See Affiance, Affy.] (Law)

Defn: A sworn statement in writing; a declaration in writing, signed
and made upon oath before an authorized magistrate. Bouvier. Burrill.

Note: It is always made ex parte, and without cross-examination, and
in this differs from a deposition. It is also applied to written
statements made on affirmation.

Syn.
 -- Deposition. See Deposition.

AFFILE
Af*file", v. t. Etym: [OF. afiler, F. affiler, to sharpen; a (L. ad)
+ fil thread, edge.]

Defn: To polish. [Obs.]

AFFILIABLE
Af*fil"i*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being affiliated to or on, or connected with in
origin.

AFFILIATE
Af*fil"i*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affiliated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Affiliating.] Etym: [LL. adfiliare, affiliare, to adopt as son; ad +
filius son: cf. F. affilier.]

1. To adopt; to receive into a family as a son; hence, to bring or
receive into close connection; to ally.
Is the soul affiliated to God, or is it estranged and in rebellion I.
Taylor.

2. To fix the paternity of; -- said of an illegitimate child; as, to
affiliate the child to (or on or upon) one man rather than another.

3. To connect in the way of descent; to trace origin to.
How do these facts tend to affiliate the faculty of hearing upon the
aboriginal vegetative processes H. Spencer.

4. To attach (to) or unite (with); to receive into a society as a
member, and initiate into its mysteries, plans, etc.; -- followed by
to or with. Affiliated societies, societies connected with a central
society, or with each other.

AFFILIATE
Af*fil"i*ate, v. i.

Defn: To connect or associate one's self; -- followed by with; as,
they affiliate with no party.

AFFILIATION
Af*fil`i*a"tion, n. Etym: [F. affiliation, LL. affiliatio.]

1. Adoption; association or reception as a member in or of the same
family or society.

2. (Law)

Defn: The establishment or ascertaining of parentage; the assignment
of a child, as a bastard, to its father; filiation.

3. Connection in the way of descent. H. Spencer.

AFFINAL
Af*fi"nal, a. Etym: [L. affinis.]

Defn: Related by marriage; from the same source.

AFFINE
Af*fine", v. t. Etym: [F. affiner to refine; (L. ad) + fin fine. See
Fine.]

Defn: To refine. [Obs.] Holland.

AFFINED
Af*fined", a. Etym: [OF. afiné related, p. p., fr. LL. affinare to
join, fr. L. affinis neighboring, related to; ad + finis boundary,
limit.]

Defn: Joined in affinity or by any tie. [Obs.] "All affined and kin."
Shak.

AFFINITATIVE
Af*fin"i*ta*tive, a.

Defn: Of the nature of affinity.
 -- Af*fin"i*ta*tive*ly, adv.

AFFINITIVE
Af*fin"i*tive, a.

Defn: Closely connected, as by affinity.

AFFINITY
Af*fin"i*ty, n.; pl. Affinities(#). Etym: [OF. afinité, F. affinité,
L. affinites, fr. affinis. See Affined.]

1. Relationship by marriage (as between a husband and his wife's
blood relations, or between a wife and her husband's blood
relations); -- in contradistinction to consanguinity, or relationship
by blood; -- followed by with, to, or between.
Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh. 1 Kings iii. 1.

2. Kinship generally; close agreement; relation; conformity;
resemblance; connection; as, the affinity of sounds, of colors, or of
languages.
There is a close affinity between imposture and credulity. Sir G. C.
Lewis.

2. Companionship; acquaintance. [Obs.]
About forty years past, I began a happy affinity with William
Cranmer. Burton.

4. (Chem.)

Defn: That attraction which takes place, at an insensible distance,
between the heterogeneous particles of bodies, and unites them to
form chemical compounds; chemism; chemical or elective affinity or
attraction.

5. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: A relation between species or highe

6. (Spiritualism)

Defn: A superior spiritual relationship or attraction held to exist
sometimes between persons, esp. persons of the opposite sex; also,
the man or woman who exerts such psychical or spiritual attraction.

AFFIRM
Af*firm", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affirmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Affirming.]
Etym: [OE. affermen, OF. afermer, F. affirmer, affermir, fr. L.
affirmare; ad + firmare to make firm, firmus firm. See Firm.]

1. To make firm; to confirm, or ratify; esp. (Law),

Defn: to assert or confirm, as a judgment, decree, or order, brought
before an appelate court for review.

2. To assert positively; to tell with confidence; to aver; to
maintain as true; -- opposed to deny.
Jesus, . . . whom Paul affirmed to be alive. Acts xxv. 19.

3. (Law)

Defn: To declare, as a fact, solemnly, under judicial sanction. See
Affirmation, 4.

Syn.
 -- To assert; aver; declare; asseverate; assure; pronounce; protest;
avouch; confirm; establish; ratify.
 -- To Affirm, Asseverate, Aver, Protest. We affirm when we declare a
thing as a fact or a proposition. We asseverate it in a peculiarly
earnest manner, or with increased positiveness as what can not be
disputed. We aver it, or formally declare it to be true, when we have
positive knowledge of it. We protest in a more public manner and with
the energy of perfect sincerity. People asseverate in order to
produce a conviction of their veracity; they aver when they are
peculiarly desirous to be believed; they protest when they wish to
free themselves from imputations, or to produce a conviction of their
innocence.

AFFIRM
Af*firm", v. i.

1. To declare or assert positively.
Not that I so affirm, though so it seem To thee, who hast thy
dwelling here on earth. Milton.

2. (Law)

Defn: To make a solemn declaration, before an authorized magistrate
or tribunal, under the penalties of perjury; to testify by
affirmation.

AFFIRMABLE
Af*firm"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being affirmed, asserted, or declared; -- followed
by of; as, an attribute affirmable of every just man.

AFFIRMANCE
Af*firm"ance, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. afermance.]

1. Confirmation; ratification; confirmation of a voidable act.
This statute . . . in affirmance of the common law. Bacon.

2. A strong declaration; affirmation. Cowper.

AFFIRMANT
Af*firm"ant, n. Etym: [L. affirmans, -antis, p. pr. See Affirm.]

1. One who affirms or asserts.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who affirms of taking an oath.

AFFIRMATION
Af`fir*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. affirmatio: cf. F. affirmation.]

1. Confirmation of anything established; ratification; as, the
affirmation of a law. Hooker.

2. The act of affirming or asserting as true; assertion; -- opposed
to negation or denial.

3. That which is asserted; an assertion; a positive as, an
affirmation, by the vender, of title to property sold, or of its
quality.

4. (Law)

Defn: A solemn declaration made under the penalties of perjury, by
persons who conscientiously decline taking an oath, which declaration
is in law equivalent to an oath. Bouvier.

AFFIRMATIVE
Af*firm"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. affirmativus: cf. F. affirmatif.]

1. Confirmative; ratifying; as, an act affirmative of common law.

2. That affirms; asserting that the fact is so; declaratory of what
exists; answering "yes" to a question; -- opposed to negative; as, an
affirmative answer; an affirmative vote.

3. Positive; dogmatic. [Obs.] J. Taylor.
Lysicles was a little by the affirmative air of Crito. Berkeley.

4. (logic)

Defn: Expressing the agreement of the two terms of a proposition.

5. (Alg.)

Defn: Positive; -- a term applied to quantities which are to be
added, and opposed to negative, or such as are to be subtracted.

AFFIRMATIVE
Af*firm"a*tive, n.

1. That which affirms as opposed to that which denies; an affirmative
proposition; that side of question which affirms or maintains the
proposition stated; -- opposed to Ant: negative; as, there were forty
votes in the affirmative, and ten in the negative.
Whether there are such beings or not, 't is sufficient for my purpose
that many have believed the affirmative. Dryden.

2. A word or phrase expressing affirmation or assent; as, yes, that
is so, etc.

AFFIRMATIVELY
Af*firm"a*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an affirmative manner; on the affirmative side of a
question; in the affirmative; -- opposed to negatively.

AFFIRMATORY
Af*firm"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Giving affirmation; assertive; affirmative. Massey.

AFFIRMER
Af*firm"er, n.

Defn: One who affirms.

AFFIX
Af*fix", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affixed; p. pr. & vb. n. Affixing.]
Etym: [LL. affixare, L. affixus, p. p. of affigere to fasten to; ad +
figere to fasten: cf. OE. affichen, F. afficher, ultimately fr. L.
affigere. See Fix.]

1. To subjoin, annex, or add at the close or end; to append to; to
fix to any part of; as, to affix a syllable to a word; to affix a
seal to an instrument; to affix one's name to a writing.

2. To fix or fasten in any way; to attach physically.
Should they [caterpillars] affix them to the leaves of a plant
improper for their food. Ray.

3. To attach, unite, or connect with; as, names affixed to ideas, or
ideas affixed to things; to affix a stigma to a person; to affix
ridicule or blame to any one.

4. To fix or fasten figuratively; -- with on or upon; as, eyes
affixed upon the ground. [Obs.] Spenser.

Syn.
 -- To attach; subjoin; connect; annex; unite.

AFFIX
Af"fix, n.; pl. Affixes. Etym: [L. affixus, p. p. of affigere: cf. F.
affixe.]

Defn: That which is affixed; an appendage; esp. one or more letters
or syllables added at the end of a word; a suffix; a postfix.

AFFIXION
Af*fix"ion, n. Etym: [L. affixio, fr. affigere.]

Defn: Affixture. [Obs.] T. Adams.

AFFIXTURE
Af*fix"ture, n.

Defn: The act of affixing, or the state of being affixed; attachment.

AFFLATION
Af*fla"tion, n. Etym: [L. afflatus, p. p. of afflare to blow or
breathe on; ad + flare to blow.]

Defn: A blowing or breathing on; inspiration.

AFFLATUS
Af*fla"tus, n. Etym: [L., fr. afflare. See Afflation.]

1. A breath or blast of wind.

2. A divine impartation of knowledge; supernatural impulse;
inspiration.
A poet writing against his genius will be like a prophet without his
afflatus. Spence.

AFFLICT
Af*flict", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Afflicted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Afflicting.] Etym: [L. afflictus, p. p. of affigere to cast down,
deject; ad + fligere to strike: cf. OF. aflit, afflict, p. p. Cf.
Flagellate.]

1. To strike or cast down; to overthrow. [Obs.] "Reassembling our
afflicted powers." Milton.

2. To inflict some great injury or hurt upon, causing continued pain
or mental distress; to trouble grievously; to torment.
They did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their
burdens. Exod. i. 11.
That which was the worst now least afflicts me. Milton.

3. To make low or humble. [Obs.] Spenser.
Men are apt to prefer a prosperous error before an afflicted truth.
Jer. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- To trouble; grieve; pain; distress; harass; torment; wound; hurt.

AFFLICT
Af*flict", p. p. & a. Etym: [L. afflictus, p. p.]

Defn: Afflicted. [Obs.] Becon.

AFFLICTEDNESS
Af*flict"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being afflicted; affliction. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

AFFLICTER
Af*flict"er, n.

Defn: One who afflicts.

AFFLICTING
Af*flict"ing, a.

Defn: Grievously painful; distressing; afflictive; as, an afflicting
event.
 -- Af*flict"ing*ly, adv.

AFFLICTION
Af*flic"tion, n. Etym: [F. affliction, L. afflictio, fr. affligere.]

1. The cause of continued pain of body or mind, as sickness, losses,
etc.; an instance of grievous distress; a pain or grief.
To repay that money will be a biting affliction. Shak.

2. The state of being afflicted; a state of pain, distress, or grief.
Some virtues are seen only in affliction. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Calamity; sorrow; distress; grief; pain; adversity; misery;
wretchedness; misfortune; trouble; hardship.
 -- Affliction, Sorrow, Grief, Distress. Affliction and sorrow are
terms of wide and general application; grief and distress have
reference to particular cases. Affliction is the stronger term. The
suffering lies deeper in the soul, and usually arises from some
powerful cause, such as the loss of what is most dear -- friends,
health, etc. We do not speak of mere sickness or pain as "an
affliction," though one who suffers from either is said to be
afflicted; but deprivations of every kind, such as deafness,
blindness, loss of limbs, etc., are called afflictions, showing that
term applies particularly to prolonged sources of suffering. Sorrow
and grief are much alike in meaning, but grief is the stronger term
of the two, usually denoting poignant mental suffering for some
definite cause, as, grief for the death of a dear friend; sorrow is
more reflective, and is tinged with regret, as, the misconduct of a
child is looked upon with sorrow. Grief is often violent and
demonstrative; sorrow deep and brooding. Distress implies extreme
suffering, either bodily or mental. In its higher stages, it denotes
pain of a restless, agitating kind, and almost always supposes some
struggle of mind or body. Affliction is allayed, grief subsides,
sorrow is soothed, distress is mitigated.

AFFLICTIONLESS
Af*flic"tion*less, a.

Defn: Free from affliction.

AFFLICTIVE
Af*flic"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. afflictif.]

Defn: Giving pain; causing continued or repeated pain or grief;
distressing. "Jove's afflictive hand." Pope.
Spreads slow disease, and darts afflictive pain. Prior.

AFFLICTIVELY
Af*flic"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an afflictive manner.

AFFLUENCE
Af"flu*ence, n. Etym: [F. affluence, L. affluentia, fr. affluens, p.
pr. of affluere to flow to; ad + fluere to flow. See Flux.]

1. A flowing to or towards; a concourse; an influx.
The affluence of young nobles from hence into Spain. Wotton.
There is an unusual affluence of strangers this year. Carlyle.

2. An abundant supply, as of thought, words, feelings, etc.;
profusion; also, abundance of property; wealth.
And old age of elegance, affluence, and ease. Coldsmith.

Syn.
 -- Abundance; riches; profusion; exuberance; plenty; wealth;
opulence.

AFFLUENCY
Af"flu*en*cy, n.

Defn: Affluence. [Obs.] Addison.

AFFLUENT
Af"flu*ent, a. Etym: [Cf. F. affluent, L. affluens, -entis, p. pr.
See Affluence.]

1. Flowing to; flowing abundantly. "Affluent blood." Harvey.

2. Abundant; copious; plenteous; hence, wealthy; abounding in goods
or riches.
Language . . . affluent in expression. H. Reed.
Loaded and blest with all the affluent store, Which human vows at
smoking shrines implore. Prior.

AFFLUENT
Af"flu*ent, n.

Defn: A stream or river flowing into a larger river or into a lake; a
tributary stream.

AFFLUENTLY
Af"flu*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: Abundantly; copiously.

AFFLUENTNESS
Af*flu*ent*ness, n.

Defn: Great plenty. [R.]

AFFLUX
Af"flux`, n. Etym: [L. affluxum, p. p. of affluere: cf. F. afflux.
See Affluence.]

Defn: A flowing towards; that which flows to; as, an afflux of blood
to the head.

AFFLUXION
Af*flux"ion, n.

Defn: The act of flowing towards; afflux. Sir T. Browne.

AFFODILL
Af"fo*dill, n.

Defn: Asphodel. [Obs.]

AFFORCE
Af*force", v. t. Etym: [OF. afforcier, LL. affortiare; ad + fortiare,
fr. L. fortis strong.]

Defn: To reënforce; to strengthen. Hallam.

AFFORCEMENT
Af*force"ment, n. Etym: [OF.]

1. A fortress; a fortification for defense. [Obs.] Bailey.

2. A reënforcement; a strengthening. Hallam.

AFFORCIAMENT
Af*for"ci*a*ment, n.

Defn: See Afforcement. [Obs.]

AFFORD
Af*ford", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Afforded; p. pr. & vb. n. Affording.]
Etym: [OE. aforthen, AS. gefor, for, to further, accomplish, afford,
fr. for forth, forward. The prefix ge- has no well defined sense. See
Forth.]

1. To give forth; to supply, yield, or produce as the natural result,
fruit, or issue; as, grapes afford wine; olives afford oil; the earth
affords fruit; the sea affords an abundant supply of fish.

2. To give, grant, or confer, with a remoter reference to its being
the natural result; to provide; to furnish; as, a good life affords
consolation in old age.
His tuneful Muse affords the sweetest numbers. Addison.
The quiet lanes . . . afford calmer retreats. Gilpin.

3. To offer, provide, or supply, as in selling, granting, expending,
with profit, or without loss or too great injury; as, A affords his
goods cheaper than B; a man can afford a sum yearly in charity.

4. To incur, stand, or bear without serious detriment, as an act
which might under other circumstances be injurious; -- with an
auxiliary, as can, could, might, etc.; to be able or rich enough.
The merchant can afford to trade for smaller profits. Hamilton.
He could afford to suffer With those whom he saw suffer. Wordsworth.

AFFORDABLE
Af*ford"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be afforded.

AFFORDMENT
Af*ford"ment, n.

Defn: Anything given as a help; bestowal. [Obs.]

AFFOREST
Af*for"est, v. t. Etym: [LL. afforestare; ad + forestare. See
Forest.]

Defn: To convert into a forest; as, to afforest a tract of country.

AFFORESTATION
Af*for`es*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of converting into forest or woodland. Blackstone.

AFFORMATIVE
Af*form"a*tive, n.

Defn: An affix.

AFFRANCHISE
Af*fran"chise, v. t. Etym: [F. affranchir; (L. ad) + franc free. See
Franchise and Frank.]

Defn: To make free; to enfranchise. Johnson.

AFFRANCHISEMENT
Af*fran"chise*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. affranchissement.]

Defn: The act of making free; enfranchisement. [R.]

AFFRAP
Af*frap", v. t. & i. Etym: [Cf. It. affrappare, frappare, to cut,
mince, F. frapper to strike. See Frap.]

Defn: To strike, or strike down. [Obs.] Spenser.

AFFRAY
Af*fray", v. t. [p. p. Affrayed.] Etym: [OE. afraien, affraien, OF.
effreer, esfreer, F. effrayer, orig. to disquiet, put out of peace,
fr. L. ex + OHG. fridu peace (akin to E. free). Cf. Afraid, Fray,
Frith inclosure.] [Archaic]

1. To startle from quiet; to alarm.
Smale foules a great heap That had afrayed [affrayed] me out of my
sleep. Chaucer.

2. To frighten; to scare; to frighten away.
That voice doth us affray. Shak.

AFFRAY
Af*fray", n. Etym: [OE. afrai, affrai, OF. esfrei, F. effroi, fr. OF.
esfreer. See Affray, v. t.]

1. The act of suddenly disturbing any one; an assault or attack.
[Obs.]

2. Alarm; terror; fright. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. A tumultuous assault or quarrel; a brawl; a fray. "In the very
midst of the affray." Motley.

4. (Law)

Defn: The fighting of two or more persons, in a public place, to the
terror of others. Blackstone.

Note: A fighting in private is not, in a legal sense, an affray.

Syn.
 -- Quarrel; brawl; scuffle; encounter; fight; contest; feud; tumult;
disturbance.

AFFRAYER
Af*fray"er, n.

Defn: One engaged in an affray.

AFFRAYMENT
Af*fray"ment, n.

Defn: Affray. [Obs.] Spenser.

AFFREIGHT
Af*freight", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ad- + freight: cf. F. affréter. See
Freight.]

Defn: To hire, as a ship, for the transportation of goods or freight.

AFFREIGHTER
Af*freight"er, n.

Defn: One who hires or charters a ship to convey goods.

AFFREIGHTMENT
Af*freight"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. affrétement.]

Defn: The act of hiring, or the contract for the use of, a vessel, or
some part of it, to convey cargo.

AFFRET
Af*fret", n. Etym: [Cf. It. affrettare to hasten, fretta haste.]

Defn: A furious onset or attack. [Obs.] Spenser.

AFFRICATE
Af"fri*cate, n. [L. affricatus, p. p. of affricare to rub against;
af- = ad- + fricare to rub.] (Phon.)

Defn: A combination of a stop, or explosive, with an immediately
following fricative or spirant of corresponding organic position, as
pf in german Pfeffer, pepper, z (= ts) in German Zeit, time.

AFFRICTION
Af*fric"tion, n. Etym: [L. affricare to rub on. See Friction.]

Defn: The act of rubbing against. [Obs.]

AFFRIENDED
Af*friend"ed, p. p.

Defn: Made friends; reconciled. [Obs.] "Deadly foes . . .
affriended." Spenser.

AFFRIGHT
Af*fright", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affrighted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Affrighting.] Etym: [Orig. p. p.; OE. afright, AS. afyrhtan to
terrify; a- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning out) + fyrhto
fright. See Fright.]

Defn: To impress with sudden fear; to frighten; to alarm.
Dreams affright our souls. Shak.
A drear and dying sound Affrights the flamens at their service
quaint. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To terrify; frighten; alarm; dismay; appall; scare; startle;
daunt; intimidate.

AFFRIGHT
Af*fright", p. a.

Defn: Affrighted. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AFFRIGHT
Af*fright", n.

1. Sudden and great fear; terror. It expresses a stronger impression
than fear, or apprehension, perhaps less than terror.
He looks behind him with affright, and forward with despair.
Goldsmith.

2. The act of frightening; also, a cause of terror; an object of
dread. B. Jonson.

AFFRIGHTEDLY
Af*fright"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: With fright. Drayton.

AFFRIGHTEN
Af*fright"en, v. t.

Defn: To frighten. [Archaic] "Fit tales . . . to affrighten babes."
Southey.

AFFRIGHTER
Af*fright"er, n.

Defn: One who frightens. [Archaic]

AFFRIGHTFUL
Af*fright"ful, a.

Defn: Terrifying; frightful.
 -- Af*fright"ful*ly, adv. [Archaic]
Bugbears or affrightful apparitions. Cudworth.

AFFRIGHTMENT
Af*fright"ment, n.

Defn: Affright; the state of being frightened; sudden fear or alarm.
[Archaic]
Passionate words or blows . . . fill the child's mind with terror and
affrightment. Locke.

AFFRONT
Af*front", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affronted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Affronting.] Etym: [OF. afronter, F. affronter, to confront, LL.
affrontare to strike against, fr. L. ad + frons forehead, front. See
Front.]

1. To front; to face in position; to meet or encounter face to face.
[Obs.]
All the sea-coasts do affront the Levant. Holland.
That he, as 't were by accident, may here Affront Ophelia. Shak.

2. To face in defiance; to confront; as, to confront; as, to affront
death; hence, to meet in hostile encounter. [Archaic]

3. To offend by some manifestation of disrespect; to insult to the
face by demeanor or language; to treat with marked incivility.
How can any one imagine that the fathers would have dared to affront
the wife of Aurelius Addison.

Syn.
 -- TO insult; abuse; outrage; wound; illtreat; slight; defy; offend;
provoke; pique; nettle.

AFFRONT
Af*front", n. Etym: [Cf. F. affront, fr. affronter.]

1. An encounter either friendly or hostile. [Obs.]
I walked about, admired of all, and dreaded On hostile ground, none
daring my affront. Milton.

2. Contemptuous or rude treatment which excites or justifies
resentment; marked disrespect; a purposed indignity; insult.
Offering an affront to our understanding. Addison.

3. An offense to one's self-respect; shame. Arbuthnot.

Syn.
 -- Affront, Insult, Outrage. An affront is a designed mark of
disrespect, usually in the presence of others. An insult is a
personal attack either by words or actions, designed to humiliate or
degrade. An outrage is an act of extreme and violent insult or abuse.
An affront piques and mortifies; an insult irritates and provokes; an
outrage wounds and injures.
Captious persons construe every innocent freedom into an affront.
When people are in a state of animosity, they seek opportunities of
offering each other insults. Intoxication or violent passion impels
men to the commission of outrages. Crabb.

AFFRONTE
Af*fron*té", a. Etym: [F. affronté, p. p.] (Her.)

Defn: Face to face, or front to front; facing.

AFFRONTEDLY
Af*front"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Shamelessly. [Obs.] Bacon.

AFFRONTEE
Af*fron*tee", n.

Defn: One who receives an affront. Lytton.

AFFRONTER
Af*front"er, n.

Defn: One who affronts, or insults to the face.

AFFRONTINGLY
Af*front"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In an affronting manner.

AFFRONTIVE
Af*front"ive, a.

Defn: Tending to affront or offend; offensive; abusive.
How affrontive it is to despise mercy. South.

AFFRONTIVENESS
Af*front"ive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality that gives an affront or offense. [R.] Bailey.

AFFUSE
Af*fuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affused; p. pr. & vb. n. Affusing.]
Etym: [L. affusus, p. p. of affundere to pour to; ad + fundere. See
Fuse.]

Defn: To pour out or upon. [R.]
I first affused water upon the compressed beans. Boyle.

AFFUSION
Af*fu"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. affusion.]

Defn: The act of pouring upon, or sprinkling with a liquid, as water
upon a child in baptism. Specifically: (Med)

Defn: The act of pouring water or other fluid on the whole or a part
of the body, as a remedy in disease. Dunglison.

AFFY
Af*fy", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affied; p. pr. Affying.] Etym: [OF.
afier, LL. affidare. Cf. Affiance.]

1. To confide (one's self to, or in); to trust. [Obs.]

2. To betroth or espouse; to affiance. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To bind in faith. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu.

AFFY
Af*fy", v. i.

Defn: To trust or confide. [Obs.] Shak.

AFGHAN
Af"ghan, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Afghanistan.

AFGHAN
Af"ghan, n.

1. A native of Afghanistan.

2. A kind of worsted blanket or wrap.

AFIELD
A*field", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + field.]

1. To, in, or on the field. "We drove afield." Milton.
How jocund did they drive their team afield! Gray.

2. Out of the way; astray.
Why should he wander afield at the age of fifty-five! Trollope.

AFIRE
A*fire", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + fire.]

Defn: On fire.

AFLAME
A*flame", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + flame.]

Defn: Inflames; glowing with light or passion; ablaze. G. Eliot.

AFLAT
A*flat", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + flat.]

Defn: Level with the ground; flat. [Obs.] Bacon.

AFLAUNT
A*flaunt", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + flaunt.]

Defn: In a flaunting state or position. Copley.

AFLICKER
A*flick"er, adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + flicker.]

Defn: In a flickering state.

AFLOAT
A*float", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + float.]

1. Borne on the water; floating; on board ship.
On such a full sea are we now afloat. Shak.

2. Moving; passing from place to place; in general circulation; as, a
rumor is afloat.

3. Unfixed; moving without guide or control; adrift; as, our affairs
are all afloat.

AFLOW
A*flow", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + flow.]

Defn: Flowing.
Their founts aflow with tears. R. Browning.

AFLUSH
A*flush", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + flush, n.]

Defn: In a flushed or blushing state.

AFLUSH
A*flush", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + flush, a.]

Defn: On a level.
The bank is . . . aflush with the sea. Swinburne.

AFLUTTER
A*flut"ter, adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + flutter.]

Defn: In a flutter; agitated.

AFOAM
A*foam", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + foam.]

Defn: In a foaming state; as, the sea is all afoam.

A. F. OF L.
A. F. of L. (Abbrev.)

Defn: American Federation of Labor.

AFOOT
A*foot", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + foot.]

1. On foot.
We 'll walk afoot a while. Shak.

2. Fig.: In motion; in action; astir; in progress.
The matter being afoot. Shak.

AFORE
A*fore", adv. Etym: [OE. afore, aforn, AS. onforan or ætforan; pref.
a- + fore.]

1. Before. [Obs.]
If he have never drunk wine afore. Shak.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: In the fore part of a vessel.

AFORE
A*fore", prep.

1. Before (in all its senses). [Archaic]

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Before; in front of; farther forward than; as, afore the
windlass. Afore the mast, among the common sailors; -- a phrase used
to distinguish the ship's crew from the officers.

AFORECITED
A*fore"cit`ed, a.

Defn: Named or quoted before.

AFOREGOING
A*fore"go`ing, a.

Defn: Going before; foregoing.

AFOREHAND
A*fore"hand` adv.

Defn: Beforehand; in anticipation. [Archaic or Dial.]
She is come aforehand to anoint my body. Mark xiv. 8.

AFOREHAND
A*fore"hand`, a.

Defn: Prepared; previously provided; -- opposed to behindhand.
[Archaic or Dial.]
Aforehand in all matters of power. Bacon.

AFOREMENTIONED
A*fore"men`tioned, a.

Defn: Previously mentioned; before-mentioned. Addison.

AFORENAMED
A*fore"named`, a.

Defn: Named before. Peacham.

AFORESAID
A*fore"said`, a.

Defn: Said before, or in a preceding part; already described or
identified.

AFORETHOUGHT
A*fore"thought`, a.

Defn: Premeditated; prepense; previously in mind; designed; as,
malice aforethought, which is required to constitute murder. Bouvier.

AFORETHOUGHT
A*fore"thought`, n.

Defn: Premeditation.

AFORETIME
A*fore"time`, adv.

Defn: In time past; formerly. "He prayed . . . as he did aforetime."
Dan. vi. 10.

A FORTIORI
A for`ti*o"ri. Etym: [L.] (Logic & Math.)

Defn: With stronger reason.

AFOUL
A*foul", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + foul.]

Defn: In collision; entangled. Totten. To run afoul of, to run
against or come into collision with, especially so as to become
entangled or to cause injury.

AFRAID
A*fraid", p. a. Etym: [OE. afrayed, affraide, p. p. of afraien to
affray. See Affray, and cf. Afeard.]

Defn: Impressed with fear or apprehension; in fear; apprehensive.
[Afraid comes after the noun it limits.] "Back they recoiled,
afraid." Milton.

Note: This word expresses a less degree of fear than terrified or
frightened. It is followed by of before the object of fear, or by the
infinitive, or by a dependent clause; as, to be afraid of death. "I
am afraid to die." "I am afraid he will chastise me." "Be not afraid
that I your hand should take." Shak. I am afraid is sometimes used
colloquially to soften a statement; as, I am afraid I can not help
you in this matter.

Syn.
 -- Fearful; timid; timorous; alarmed; anxious.

AFREET
Af"reet, n.

Defn: Same as Afrit.

AFRESH
A*fresh", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + fresh.]

Defn: Anew; again; once more; newly.
They crucify . . . the Son of God afresh. Heb. vi. 6.

AFRIC
Af"ric, a.

Defn: African.
 -- n.

Defn: Africa. [Poetic]

AFRICAN
Af"ri*can, a. Etym: [L. Africus, Africanus, fr. Afer African.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Africa. African hemp, a fiber prerared from
the leaves of the Sanseviera Guineensis, a plant found in Africa and
India.
 -- African marigold, a tropical American plant (Tagetes erecta).
 -- African oak or African teak, a timber furnished by Oldfieldia
Africana, used in ship building. African violet African-American, a
United States citizen of African descent.

AFRICAN
Af"ri*can, n.

Defn: A native of Africa; also one ethnologically belonging to an
African race.

AFRICANDER
Af`ri*can"der, n.

Defn: One born in Africa, the offspring of a white father and a
"colored" mother. Also, and now commonly in Southern Africa, a native
born of European settlers.

AFRICANISM
Af"ri*can*ism, n.

Defn: A word, phrase, idiom, or custom peculiar to Africa or
Africans. "The knotty Africanisms . . . of the fathers." Milton.

AFRICANIZE
Af"ri*can*ize, v. t.

Defn: To place under the domination of Africans or negroes. [Amer.]
Bartlett.

AFRIT; AFRITE; AFREET
Af"rit, Af"rite(#), Af"reet(#), n. Etym: [Arab. 'ifrit.] (Moham.
Myth.)

Defn: A powerful evil jinnee, demon, or monstrous giant.

AFRONT
A*front", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + front.]

Defn: In front; face to face.
 -- prep. In front of. Shak.

AFT
Aft, adv. & a. Etym: [AS. æftan behind; orig. superl. of of, off. See
After.] (Naut.)

Defn: Near or towards the stern of a vessel; astern; abaft.

AFTER
Aft"er, a. Etym: [AS. æfter after, behind; akin to Goth. aftaro,
aftra, backwards, Icel. aptr, Sw. and Dan. efter, OHG. aftar behind,
Dutch and LG. achter, Gr. -ter is an old comparative suffix, in E.
generally -ther (as in other), and after is a compar. of of, off. Of;
cf. Aft.]

1. Next; later in time; subsequent; succeeding; as, an after period
of life. Marshall.

Note: In this sense the word is sometimes needlessly combined with
the following noun, by means of a hyphen, as, after-ages, after-act,
after-days, after-life. For the most part the words are properly kept
separate when after has this meaning.

2. Hinder; nearer the rear. (Naut.)

Defn: To ward the stern of the ship; -- applied to any object in the
rear part of a vessel; as the after cabin, after hatchway.

Note: It is often combined with its noun; as, after-bowlines, after-
braces, after-sails, after-yards, those on the mainmasts and
mizzenmasts. After body (Naut.), the part of a ship abaft the dead
flat, or middle part.

AFTER
Aft"er, prep.

1. Behind in place; as, men in line one after another. "Shut doors
after you." Shak.

2. Below in rank; next to in order. Shak.
Codrus after PhDryden.

3. Later in time; subsequent; as, after supper, after three days. It
often precedes a clause. Formerly that was interposed between it and
the clause.
After I am risen again, I will go before you into Galilee. Matt.
xxvi. 32.

4. Subsequent to and in consequence of; as, after what you have said,
I shall be careful.

5. Subsequent to and notwithstanding; as, after all our advice, you
took that course.

6. Moving toward from behind; following, in search of; in pursuit of.
Ye shall not go after other gods. Deut. vi. 14.
After whom is the king of Israel come out 1 Sam. xxiv. 14.

7. Denoting the aim or object; concerning; in relation to; as, to
look after workmen; to inquire after a friend; to thirst after
righteousness.

8. In imitation of; in conformity with; after the manner of; as, to
make a thing after a model; a picture after Rubens; the boy takes
after his father. To name or call after, to name like and reference
to.
Our eldest son was named George after his uncle. Goldsmith.

9. According to; in accordance with; in conformity with the nature
of; as, he acted after his kind.
He shall not judge after the sight of his eyes. Isa. xi. 3.
They that are after the flesh do mind the things of the flesh. Rom.
viii. 5.

10. According to the direction and influence of; in proportion to;
befitting. [Archaic]
He takes greatness of kingdoms according to bulk and currency, and
not after their intrinsic value. Bacon.
After all, when everything has been considered; upon the whole.
 -- After (with the same noun preceding and following), as, wave
after wave, day after day, several or many (waves, etc.)
successively.
 -- One after another, successively.
 -- To be after, to be in pursuit of in order to reach or get; as, he
is after money.

AFTER
Aft"er, adv.

Defn: Subsequently in time or place; behind; afterward; as, he
follows after.
It was about the space of three hours after. Acts. v. 7.

Note: After is prefixed to many words, forming compounds, but
retaining its usual signification. The prefix may be adverbial,
prepositional, or adjectival; as in after- described, after-dinner,
after-part. The hyphen is sometimes needlessly used to connect the
adjective after with its noun. See Note under After, a., 1.

AFTERBIRTH
Aft"er*birth`, n. (Med.)

Defn: The placenta and membranes with which the fetus is connected,
and which come away after delivery.

AFTERCAST
Aft"er*cast`, n.

Defn: A throw of dice after the game in ended; hence, anything done
too late. Gower.

AFTERCLAP
Aft"er*clap`, n.

Defn: An unexpected subsequent event; something disagreeable
happening after an affair is supposed to be at an end. Spenser.

AFTERCROP
Aft"er*crop`, n.

Defn: A second crop or harvest in the same year. Mortimer.

AFTER DAMP
Aft"er damp`.

Defn: An irrespirable gas, remaining after an explosion of fire damp
in mines; choke damp. See Carbonic acid.

AFTER-DINNER
Aft"er-din`ner(#), n.

Defn: The time just after dinner. "An after-dinner's sleep." Shak.
[Obs.] -- a.

Defn: Following dinner; post-prandial; as, an after-dinner nap.

AFTER-EATAGE
Aft"er-eat`age(#), n.

Defn: Aftergrass.

AFTEREYE
Aft"er*eye`, v. t.

Defn: To look after. [Poetic] Shak.

AFTERGAME
Aft"er*game`, n.

Defn: A second game; hence, a subsequent scheme or expedient. Wotton.
Aftergame at Irish, an ancient game very nearly resembling
backgammon. Beau. & Fl.

AFTER-GLOW
Aft"er-glow(#), n.

Defn: A glow of refulgence in the western sky after sunset.

AFTERGRASS
Aft"er*grass`, n.

Defn: The grass that grows after the first crop has been mown;
aftermath.

AFTERGROWTH
Aft"er*growth`, n.

Defn: A second growth or crop, or (metaphorically) development. J. S.
Mill.

AFTERGUARD
Aft"er*guard`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The seaman or seamen stationed on the poop or after part of the
ship, to attend the after-sails. Totten.

AFTER-IMAGE
Aft"er-im`age(#), n.

Defn: The impression of a vivid sensation retained by the retina of
the eye after the cause has been removed; also extended to
impressions left of tones, smells, etc.

AFTERINGS
Aft"er*ings, n. pl.

Defn: The last milk drawn in milking; strokings. [Obs.] Grose.

AFTERMATH
Aft"er*math, n. Etym: [After + math. See Math.]

Defn: A second moving; the grass which grows after the first crop of
hay in the same season; rowen. Holland.

AFTER-MENTIONED
Aft"er-men`tioned(#), a.

Defn: Mentioned afterwards; as, persons after-mentioned (in a
writing).

AFTERMOST
Aft"er*most, a. superl. Etym: [OE. eftemest, AS. æftemest,akin to
Gothic aftumist and aftuma, the last, orig. a superlative of of, with
the superlative endings -te, -me, -st.]

1. Hindmost; -- opposed to foremost.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Nearest the stern; most aft.

AFTERNOON
Aft"er*noon", n.

Defn: The part of the day which follows noon, between noon and
evening.

AFTER-NOTE
Aft"er-note`(#), n. (Mus.)

Defn: One of the small notes occur on the unaccented parts of the
measure, taking their time from the preceding note.

AFTERPAINS
Aft"er*pains`, n. pl. (Med.)

Defn: The pains which succeed childbirth, as in expelling the
afterbirth.

AFTERPIECE
Aft"er*piece`, n.

1. A piece performed after a play, usually a farce or other small
entertainment.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The heel of a rudder.

AFTER-SAILS
Aft"er-sails`(#), n. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: The sails on the mizzenmast, or on the stays between the
mainmast and mizzenmast. Totten.

AFTERSENSATION
Aft"er*sen*sa`tion, n. (Psychol.)

Defn: A sensation or sense impression following the removal of a
stimulus producing a primary sensation, and reproducing the primary
sensation in positive, negative, or complementary form. The
aftersensation may be continuous with the primary sensation or follow
it after an interval.

AFTERSHAFT
Aft"er*shaft`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hypoptilum.

AFTERTASTE
Aft"er*taste`, n.

Defn: A taste which remains in the mouth after eating or drinking.

AFTERTHOUGHT
Aft"er*thought`, n.

Defn: Reflection after an act; later or subsequent thought or
expedient.

AFTERWARDS; AFTERWARD
Aft"er*wards, Aft"er*ward, adv. Etym: [AS. æfteweard, a., behind. See
Aft, and -ward (suffix). The final s in afterwards is adverbial,
orig. a genitive ending.]

Defn: At a later or succeeding time.

AFTERWISE
Aft"er*wise`, a.

Defn: Wise after the event; wise or knowing, when it is too late.

AFTER-WIT
Aft"er-wit`, n.

Defn: Wisdom or perception that comes after it can be of use. "After-
wit comes too late when the mischief is done." L'Estrange.

AFTER-WITTED
Aft"er-wit`ted, a.

Defn: Characterized by afterwit; slow-witted. Tyndale.

AFTMOST
Aft"most, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Nearest the stern.

AFTWARD
Aft"ward, adv. (Naut.)

Defn: Toward the stern.

AGA; AGHA
A*ga" or A*gha", n. Etym: [Turk. adha a great lord, chief master.]

Defn: In Turkey, a commander or chief officer. It is used also as a
title of respect.

AGAIN
A*gain", adv. Etym: [OE. agein, agayn, AS. ongegn, ongeán, against,
again; on + geán, akin to Ger. gegewn against, Icel. gegn. Cf.
Gainsay.]

1. In return, back; as, bring us word again.

2. Another time; once more; anew.
If a man die, shall he live again Job xiv. 14.

3. Once repeated; -- of quantity; as, as large again, half as much
again.

4. In any other place. [Archaic] Bacon.

5. On the other hand. "The one is my sovereign . . . the other again
is my kinsman." Shak.

6. Moreover; besides; further.
Again, it is of great consequence to avoid, etc. Hersche
Again and again, more than once; often; repeatedly.
 -- Now and again, now and then; occasionally.
 -- To and again, to and fro. [Obs.] De Foe.

Note: Again was formerly used in many verbal combinations, as, again-
witness, to witness against; again-ride, to ride against; again-come,
to come against, to encounter; again-bring, to bring back, etc.

AGAIN; AGAINS
A*gain", A*gains", prep.

Defn: Against; also, towards (in order to meet). [Obs.]
Albeit that it is again his kind. Chaucer.

AGAINBUY
A*gain"buy`, v. t.

Defn: To redeem. [Obs.] Wyclif.

AGAINSAY
A*gain"say`, v. t.

Defn: To gainsay. [Obs.] Wyclif.

AGAINST
A*gainst", prep. Etym: [OE. agens, ageynes, AS. ongegn. The s is
adverbial, orig. a genitive ending. See Again.]

1. Abreast; opposite to; facing; towards; as, against the mouth of a
river; -- in this sense often preceded by over.
Jacob saw the angels of God come against him. Tyndale.

2. From an opposite direction so as to strike or come in contact
with; in contact with; upon; as, hail beats against the roof.

3. In opposition to, whether the opposition is of sentiment or of
action; on the other side; counter to; in contrariety to; hence,
adverse to; as, against reason; against law; to run a race against
time.
The gate would have been shut against her. Fielding.
An argument against the use of steam. Tyndale.

4. By of before the time that; in preparation for; so as to be ready
for the time when. [Archaic or Dial.]
Urijah the priest made it, against King Ahaz came from Damascus. 2
Kings xvi. 11.
Against the sun, in a direction contrary to that in which the sun
appears to move.

AGAINSTAND
A*gain"stand`, v. t.

Defn: To withstand. [Obs.]

AGAINWARD
A*gain"ward, adv.

Defn: Back again. [Obs.]

AGALACTIA; AGALAXY
Ag`a*lac"ti*a, Ag"a*lax`y, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Failure of the due secretion of milk after childbirth.

AGALACTOUS
Ag`a*lac"tous, a.

Defn: Lacking milk to suckle with.

AGAL-AGAL
A`gal-a"gal, n.

Defn: Same as Agar-agar.

AGALLOCH; AGALLOCHUM
Ag"al*loch, A*gal"lo*chum, n. Etym: [Gr. aguru, Heb. pl. ahalim.]

Defn: A soft, resinous wood (Aquilaria Agallocha) of highly aromatic
smell, burnt by the orientals as a perfume. It is called also
agalwood and aloes wood. The name is also given to some other
species.

AGALMATOLITE
Ag`al*mat"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. agalmatolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A soft, compact stone, of a grayish, greenish, or yellowish
color, carved into images by the Chinese, and hence called figure
stone, and pagodite. It is probably a variety of pinite.

AGAMA
Ag"a*ma, n.; pl. Agamas. Etym: [From the Caribbean name of a species
of lizard.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of lizards, one of the few which feed upon vegetable
substances; also, one of these lizards.

AGAMI
Ag"a*mi, n.; pl. Agamis. Etym: [F. agex, fr. the native name.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American bird (Psophia crepitans), allied to the
cranes, and easily domesticated; -- called also the gold-breasted
trumpeter. Its body is about the size of the pheasant. See Trumpeter.

AGAMIC
A*gam"ic, a. Etym: [Agamous.]
(a) (Biol.) Produced without sexual union; as, agamic or unfertilized
eggs.
(b) Not having visible organs of reproduction, as flowerless plants;
agamous.

AGAMICALLY
A*gam"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an agamic manner.

AGAMIST
Ag"a*mist, n. Etym: [See Agamous.]

Defn: An unmarried person; also, one opposed to marriage. Foxe.

AGAMOGENESIS
Ag`a*mo*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Reproduction without the union of parents of distinct sexes:
asexual reproduction.

AGAMOGENETIC
Ag`a*mo*ge*net"ic, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Reproducing or produced without sexual union.
 -- Ag`a*mo*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.
All known agamogenetic processes end in a complete return to the
primitive stock. Huxley.

AGAMOUS
Ag"a*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Having no visible sexual organs; asexual. In Bot.,
cryptogamous.

AGANGLIONIC
A*gan`gli*o"nic, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + ganglionic.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Without ganglia.

AGAPE
A*gape", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + gape.]

Defn: Gaping, as with wonder, expectation, or eager attention.
Dazzles the crowd and sets them all agape. Milton.

AGAPE
Ag"a*pe, n.; pl. Agapæ. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The love feast of the primitive Christians, being a meal
partaken of in connection with the communion.

AGAR-AGAR
A`gar-a"gar, n. Etym: [Ceylonese local name.]

Defn: A fucus or seaweed much used in the East for soups and jellies;
Ceylon moss (Gracilaria lichenoides).

AGARIC
Ag"a*ric, n. Etym: [L. agaricum, Gr. Agara, a town in Sarmatia.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A fungus of the genus Agaricus, of many species, of which the
common mushroom is an example.

2. An old name for severwal species of Polyporus, corky fungi growing
on decaying wood.

Note: The "female agaric" (Polyporus officinalic) was renowned as a
cathartic; the "male agaric" (Polyporus igniarius) is used for
preparing touchwood, called punk of German tinder. Agaric mineral, a
light, chalky deposit of carbonate of lime, sometimes called rock
milk, formed in caverns or fissures of limestone.

AGASP
A*gasp", adv. & a. Etym: [. a- + gasp.]

Defn: In a state of gasping. Coleridge.

AGAST
A*gast", p. p. & a.

Defn: See Aghast.

AGAST; AGHAST
A*gast" or A*ghast", v. t.

Defn: To affright; to terrify. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

AGASTRIC
A*gas"tric, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Having to stomach, or distinct digestive canal, as the
tapeworm.

AGATE
A*gate", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- on + gate way.]

Defn: On the way; agoing; as, to be agate; to set the bells agate.
[Obs.] Cotgrave.

AGATE
Ag"ate, n. Etym: [F. agate, It. agata, L. achates, fr. Gr.

1. (Min.)

Defn: A semipellucid, uncrystallized variety of quartz, presenting
various tints in the same specimen. Its colors are delicately
arranged in stripes or bands, or blended in clouds.

Note: The fortification agate, or Scotch pebble, the moss agate, the
clouded agate, etc., are familiar varieties.

2. (Print.)

Defn: A kind of type, larger than pearl and smaller than nonpareil;
in England called ruby.

Note: This line is printed in the type called agate.

3. A diminutive person; so called in allusion to the small figures
cut in agate for rings and seals. [Obs.] Shak.

4. A tool used by gold-wire drawers, bookbinders, etc.; -- so called
from the agate fixed in it for burnishing.

AGATIFEROUS
Ag`a*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Agate + -ferous.]

Defn: Containing or producing agates. Craig.

AGATINE
Ag"a*tine, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, agate.

AGATIZE
Ag"a*tize, v. t. Etym: [Usually p. p. Agatized(#).]

Defn: To convert into agate; to make resemble agate. Dana.

AGATY
Ag"a*ty, a.

Defn: Of the nature of agate, or containing agate.

AGAVE
A*ga"ve, n. Etym: [L. Agave, prop. name, fr. Gr. (bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants (order Amaryllidaceæ) of which the chief
species is the maguey or century plant (A. Americana), wrongly called
Aloe. It is from ten to seventy years, according to climate, in
attaining maturity, when it produces a gigantic flower stem,
sometimes forty feet in height, and perishes. The fermented juice is
the pulque of the Mexicans; distilled, it yields mescal. A strong
thread and a tough paper are made from the leaves, and the wood has
many uses.

AGAZED
A*gazed", p. p. Etym: [Only in p. p.; another spelling for aghast.]

Defn: Gazing with astonishment; amazed. [Obs.]
The whole army stood agazed on him. Shak.

AGE
Age, n. Etym: [OF. aage, eage, F. âge, fr. L. aetas through a
supposed LL. aetaticum. L. aetas is contracted fr. aevitas, fr. aevum
lifetime, age; akin to E. aye ever. Cf. Each.]

1. The whole duration of a being, whether animal, vegetable, or other
kind; lifetime.
Mine age is as nothing before thee. Ps. xxxix. 5.

2. That part of the duration of a being or a thing which is between
its beginning and any given time; as, what is the present age of a
man, or of the earth

3. The latter part of life; an advanced period of life; seniority;
state of being old.
Nor wrong mine age with this indignity. Shak.

4. One of the stages of life; as, the age of infancy, of youth, etc.
Shak.

5. Mature age; especially, the time of life at which one attains full
personal rights and capacities; as, to come of age; he (or she) is of
age. Abbott.

Note: In the United States, both males and females are of age when
twenty-one years old.

6. The time of life at which some particular power or capacity is
understood to become vested; as, the age of consent; the age of
discretion. Abbott.

7. A particular period of time in history, as distinguished from
others; as, the golden age, the age of Pericles. "The spirit of the
age." Prescott.
Truth, in some age or other, will find her witness. Milton.
Archeological ages are designated as three: The Stone age (the early
and the later stone age, called paleolithic and neolithic), the
Bronze age, and the Iron age. During the Age of Stone man is supposed
to have employed stone for weapons and implements. See Augustan,
Brazen, Golden, Heroic, Middle.

8. A great period in the history of the Earth.

Note: The geologic ages are as follows: 1. The Archæan, including the
time when was no life and the time of the earliest and simplest forms
of life. 2. The age of Invertebrates, or the Silurian, when the life
on the globe consisted distinctively of invertebrates. 3. The age of
Fishes, or the Devonian, when fishes were the dominant race. 4. The
age of Coal Plants, or Acrogens, or the Carboniferous age. 5. The
Mesozoic or Secondary age, or age of Reptiles, when reptiles
prevailed in great numbers and of vast size. 6. The Tertiary age, or
age of Mammals, when the mammalia, or quadrupeds, abounded, and were
the dominant race. 7. The Quaternary age, or age of Man, or the
modern era. Dana.

9. A century; the period of one hundred years.
Fleury . . . apologizes for these five ages. Hallam.

10. The people who live at a particular period; hence, a generation.
"Ages yet unborn." Pope.
The way which the age follows. J. H. Newman.
Lo! where the stage, the poor, degraded stage, Holds its warped
mirror to a gaping age. C. Sprague.

11. A long time. [Colloq.] "He made minutes an age." Tennyson. Age of
a tide, the time from the origin of a tide in the South Pacific Ocean
to its arrival at a given place.
 -- Moon's age, the time that has elapsed since the last preceding
conjunction of the sun and moon.

Note: Age is used to form the first part of many compounds; as,
agelasting, age-adorning, age-worn, age-enfeebled, agelong.

Syn.
 -- Time; period; generation; date; era; epoch.

AGE
Age, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Aged; p. pr. & vb. n. Aging.]

Defn: To grow aged; to become old; to show marks of age; as, he grew
fat as he aged.
They live one hundred and thirty years, and never age for all that.
Holland.
I am aging; that is, I have a whitish, or rather a light-colored,
hair here and there. Landor.

AGE
Age, v. t.

Defn: To cause to grow old; to impart the characteristics of age to;
as, grief ages us.

AGED
A"ged, a.

1. Old; having lived long; having lived almost to or beyond the usual
time allotted to that species of being; as, an aged man; an aged oak.

2. Belonging to old age. "Aged cramps." Shak.

3. Having a certain age; at the age of; having lived; as, a man aged
forty years.

AGEDLY
A"ged*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of an aged person.

AGEDNESS
A"ged*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being aged; oldness.
Custom without truth is but agedness of error. Milton.

AGELESS
Age"less, a.

Defn: Without old age limits of duration; as, fountains of ageless
youth.

AGEN
A*gen", adv. & prep.

Defn: See Again. [Obs.]

AGENCY
A"gen*cy, n.; pl. Agencies. Etym: [agentia, fr. L. agens, agentis:
cf. F. agence. See Agent.]

1. The faculty of acting or of exerting power; the state of being in
action; action; instrumentality.
The superintendence and agency of Providence in the natural world.
Woodward.

2. The office of an agent, or factor; the relation between a
principal and his agent; business of one intrusted with the concerns
of another.

3. The place of business of am agent.

Syn.
 -- Action; operation; efficiency; management.

AGEND
A"gend, n.

Defn: See Agendum. [Obs.]

AGENDUM
A*gen"dum, n.; pl. Agenda. Etym: [L., neut. of the gerundive of agere
to act.]

1. Something to be done; in the pl., a memorandum book.

2. A church service; a ritual or liturgy. [In this sense, usually
Agenda.]

AGENESIC
Ag`e*nes"ic, a. Etym: [See Agensis.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Characterized by sterility; infecund.

AGENESIS
A*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Any imperfect development of the body, or any anomaly of
organization.

AGENNESIS
Ag`en*ne"sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Impotence; sterility.

AGENT
A"gent, a. Etym: [L. agens, agentis, p. pr. of agere to act; akin to
Gr. aka to drive, Skr. aj.

Defn: Actingpatient, or sustaining, action. [Archaic] "The body
agent." Bacon.

AGENT
A"gent, n.

1. One who exerts power, or has the power to act; an actor.
Heaven made us agents, free to good or ill. Dryden.

2. One who acts for, or in the place of, another, by authority from
him; one intrusted with the business of another; a substitute; a
deputy; a factor.

3. An active power or cause; that which has the power to produce an
effect; as, a physical, chemical, or medicinal agent; as, heat is a
powerful agent.

AGENTIAL
A*gen"tial, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an agent or an agency. Fitzed. Hall.

AGENTSHIP
A"gent*ship, n.

Defn: Agency. Beau. & Fl.

AGERATUM
A*ger"a*tum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, one species of which (A. Mexicanum) has
lavender-blue flowers in dense clusters.

AGGENERATION
Ag*gen`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. aggenerare to beget in addition. See
Generate.]

Defn: The act of producing in addition. [Obs.] T. Stanley.

AGGER
Ag"ger, n. Etym: [L., a mound, fr. aggerere to bear to a place, heap
up; ad + gerere to bear.]

Defn: An earthwork; a mound; a raised work. [Obs.] Hearne.

AGGERATE
Ag"ger*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. aggeratus, p. p. of aggerare. See Agger.]

Defn: To heap up. [Obs.] Foxe.

AGGERATION
Ag`ger*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. aggeratio.]

Defn: A heaping up; accumulation; as, aggerations of sand. [R.]

AGGEROSE
Ag`ger*ose", a.

Defn: In heaps; full of heaps.

AGGEST
Ag*gest", v. t. Etym: [L. aggestus, p. p. of aggerere. See Agger.]

Defn: To heap up. [Obs.]
The violence of the waters aggested the earth. Fuller.

AGGLOMERATE
Ag*glom"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Agglomerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Agglomerating.] Etym: [L. agglomeratus, p. p. of agglomerare; ad +
glomerare to form into a ball. See Glomerate.]

Defn: To wind or collect into a ball; hence, to gather into a mass or
anything like a mass.
Where he builds the agglomerated pile. Cowper.

AGGLOMERATE
Ag*glom"er*ate, v. i.

Defn: To collect in a mass.

AGGLOMERATE
Ag*glom"er*ate, n.

1. A collection or mass.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: A mass of angular volcanic fragments united by heat; --
distinguished from conglomerate.

AGGLOMERATE; AGGLOMERATED
Ag*glom"er*ate, Ag*glom"er*a`ted, a.

1. Collected into a ball, heap, or mass.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Collected into a rounded head of flowers.

AGGLOMERATION
Ag*glom`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. agglomération.]

1. The act or process of collecting in a mass; a heaping together.
An excessive agglomeration of turrets. Warton.

2. State of being collected in a mass; a mass; cluster.

AGGLOMERATIVE
Ag*glom"er*a*tive, a.

Defn: Having a tendency to gather together, or to make collections.
Taylor is eminently discursive, accumulative, and (to use one of his
own words) agglomerative. Coleridge.

AGGLUTINANT
Ag*glu"ti*nant, a. Etym: [L. agglutinans, -antis, p. pr. of
agglutinare.]

Defn: Uniting, as glue; causing, or tending to cause, adhesion.
 -- n.

Defn: Any viscous substance which causes bodies or parts to adhere.

AGGLUTINATE
Ag*glu"ti*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Agglutinated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Agglutinating.] Etym: [L. agglutinatus, p. p. of agglutinare to glue
or cement to a thing; ad + glutinare to glue; gluten glue. See Glue.]

Defn: To unite, or cause to adhere, as with glue or other viscous
substance; to unite by causing an adhesion of substances.

AGGLUTINATE
Ag*glu"ti*nate, a.

1. United with glue or as with glue; cemented together.

2. (physiol.)

Defn: Consisting of root words combined but not materially altered as
to form or meaning; as, agglutinate forms, languages, etc. See
Agglutination, 2.

AGGLUTINATION
Ag*glu`ti*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. agglutination.]

1. The act of uniting by glue or other tenacious substance; the state
of being thus united; adhesion of parts.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Combination in which root words are united with little or no
change of form or loss of meaning. See Agglutinative, 2.

AGGLUTINATIVE
Ag*glu"ti*na*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. agglutinatif.]

1. Pertaining to agglutination; tending to unite, or having power to
cause adhesion; adhesive.

2. (Philol.)

Defn: Formed or characterized by agglutination, as a language or a
compound.
In agglutinative languages the union of words may be compared to
mechanical compounds, in inflective languages to chemical compounds.
R. Morris.
Cf. man-kind, heir-loom, war-like, which are agglutinative compounds.
The Finnish, Hungarian, Turkish, the Tamul, etc., are agglutinative
languages. R. Morris.
Agglutinative languages preserve the consciousness of their roots.
Max Müller.

AGGRACE
Ag*grace", v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + grace: cf. It. aggraziare, LL.
aggratiare. See Grace.]

Defn: To favor; to grace. [Obs.] "That knight so much aggraced."
Spenser.

AGGRACE
Ag*grace", n.

Defn: Grace; favor. [Obs.] Spenser.

AGGRADE
Ag*grade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aggraded; p. pr. & vb. n. Aggrading.]
(Phys. Geog.)

Defn: To bring, or tend to bring, to a uniform grade, or slope, by
addition of material; as, streams aggrade their beds by depositing
sediment.

AGGRANDIZABLE
Ag"gran*di"za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being aggrandized.

AGGRANDIZATION
Ag*gran`di*za"tion, n.

Defn: Aggrandizement. [Obs.] Waterhouse.

AGGRANDIZE
Ag"gran*dize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aggrandized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Aggrandizing.] Etym: [F. agrandir; à (L. ad) + grandir to increase,
L. grandire, fr. grandis great. See Grand, and cf. Finish.]

1. To make great; to enlarge; to increase; as, to aggrandize our
conceptions, authority, distress.

2. To make great or greater in power, rank, honor, or wealth; --
applied to persons, countries, etc.
His scheme for aggrandizing his son. Prescott.

3. To make appear great or greater; to exalt. Lamb.

Syn.
 -- To augment; exalt; promote; advance.

AGGRANDIZE
Ag"gran*dize, v. i.

Defn: To increase or become great. [Obs.]
Follies, continued till old age, do aggrandize. J. Hall.

AGGRANDIZEMENT
Ag*gran"dize*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. agrandissement.]

Defn: The act of aggrandizing, or the state of being aggrandized or
exalted in power, rank, honor, or wealth; exaltation; enlargement;
as, the emperor seeks only the aggrandizement of his own family.

Syn.
 -- Augmentation; exaltation; enlargement; advancement; promotion;
preferment.

AGGRANDIZER
Ag"gran*di`zer, n.

Defn: One who aggrandizes, or makes great.

AGGRATE
Ag*grate", v. t. Etym: [It. aggratare, fr. L. ad + gratus pleasing.
See Grate, a.]

Defn: To please. [Obs.]
Each one sought his lady to aggrate. Spenser.

AGGRAVATE
Ag"gra*vate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aggravated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Aggravating.] Etym: [L. aggravatus, p. p. of aggravare. See
Aggrieve.]

1. To make heavy or heavier; to add to; to increase. [Obs.] "To
aggravate thy store." Shak.

2. To make worse, or more severe; to render less tolerable or less
excusable; to make more offensive; to enhance; to intensify. "To
aggravate my woes." Pope.
To aggravate the horrors of the scene. Prescott.
The defense made by the prisioner's counsel did rather aggravate than
extenuate his crime. Addison.

3. To give coloring to in description; to exaggerate; as, to
aggravate circumstances. Paley.

4. To exasperate; to provoke; to irritate. [Colloq.]
If both were to aggravate her parents, as my brother and sister do
mine. Richardson (Clarissa).

Syn.
 -- To heighten; intensify; increase; magnify; exaggerate; provoke;
irritate; exasperate.

AGGRAVATING
Ag"gra*va`ting, a.

1. Making worse or more heinous; as, aggravating circumstances.

2. Exasperating; provoking; irritating. [Colloq.]
A thing at once ridiculous and aggravating. J. Ingelow.

AGGRAVATINGLY
Ag"gra*va`ting*ly, adv.

Defn: In an aggravating manner.

AGGRAVATION
Ag`gra*va"tion, n. Etym: [LL. aggravatio: cf. F. aggravation.]

1. The act of aggravating, or making worse; -- used of evils, natural
or moral; the act of increasing in severity or heinousness; something
additional to a crime or wrong and enhancing its guilt or injurious
consequences.

2. Exaggerated representation.
By a little aggravation of the features changed it into the Saracen's
head. Addison.

3. An extrinsic circumstance or accident which increases the guilt of
a crime or the misery of a calamity.

4. Provocation; irritation. [Colloq.] Dickens.

AGGRAVATIVE
Ag"gra*va*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to aggravate. Ag*gres"sive*ly, adv.
 -- Ag*gres"sive*ness, n.
No aggressive movement was made. Macaulay.

AGGREGATE
Ag"gre*gate, a. [L. aggregatus, p. p.]

1. Formed by a collection of particulars into a whole mass or sum;
collective.

The aggregate testimony of many hundreds.
Sir T. Browne.

2.  (Anat.) Formed into clusters or groups of lobules; as, aggregate
glands.

3.  (Bot.) Composed of several florets within a common involucre, as
in the daisy; or of several carpels formed from one flower, as in the
raspberry.

4.  (Min. & Geol.) Having the several component parts adherent to
each other only to such a degree as to be separable by mechanical
means.

5.  (Zoöl.) United into a common organized mass; -- said of certain
compound animals.

Corporation aggregate. (Law) See under Corporation.

AGGREGATE
Ag"gre*gate, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Aggregated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Aggregating.] [L. aggregatus, p. p. of aggregare to lead to a flock
or herd; ad + gregare to collect into a flock, grex flock, herd. See
Gregarious.]

1. To bring together; to collect into a mass or sum. "The aggregated
soil."  Milton.

2.  To add or unite, as, a person, to an association.

It is many times hard to discern to which of the two sorts, the good
or the bad, a man ought to be aggregated.
Wollaston.

3.  To amount in the aggregate to; as, ten loads, aggregating five
hundred bushels. [Colloq.]

Syn. -- To heap up; accumulate; pile; collect.

AGGREGATE
Ag"gre*gate, n.

1. A mass, assemblage, or sum of particulars; as, a house is an
aggregate of stone, brick, timber, etc.

 In an aggregate the particulars are less intimately mixed than in a
compound.

2.  (Physics) A mass formed by the union of homogeneous particles; --
in distinction from a compound, formed by the union of heterogeneous
particles.

In the aggregate, collectively; together.

AGGREGATELY
Ag"gre*gate*ly, adv.

Defn: Collectively; in mass.

AGGREGATION
Ag`gre*ga"tion, n. [Cf. LL. aggregatio, F. agrégation.]

Defn: The act of aggregating, or the state of being aggregated;
collection into a mass or sum; a collection of particulars; an
aggregate.

Each genus is made up by aggregation of species.
Carpenter.

A nation is not an idea only of local extent and individual momentary
aggregation, but . . . of continuity, which extends in time as well
as in numbers, and in space.
Burke.

AGGREGATIVE
Ag"gre*ga*tive, a. [Cf. Fr. agrégatif.]

1. Taken together; collective.

2.  Gregarious; social. [R.] Carlyle.

AGGREGATOR
Ag"gre*ga`tor, n.

Defn: One who aggregates.

AGGREGE
Ag*grege", v. t. [OF. agreger. See Aggravate.]

Defn: To make heavy; to aggravate. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AGGRESS
Ag*gress", v. i.  [imp. & p. p. Aggressed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Aggressing.] [L. aggressus, p. p. of aggredi to go to, approach; ad +
gradi to step, go, gradus step: cf. OF. aggresser. See Grade.]

Defn: To commit the first act of hostility or offense; to begin a
quarrel or controversy; to make an attack; -- with on.

AGGRESS
Ag*gress", n. [L. aggressus.]

Defn: Aggression. [Obs.]

Their military aggresses on others.
Sir M. Hale.

AGGRESS
Ag*gress", v. t.

Defn: To set upon; to attack. [R.]

AGGRESSION
Ag*gres"sion, n. [L. aggressio, fr. aggredi: cf. F. agression.]

Defn: The first attack, or act of hostility; the first act of injury,
or first act leading to a war or a controversy; unprovoked attack;
assault; as, a war of aggression. "Aggressions of power."  Hallam

Syn. -- Attack; offense; intrusion; provocation.

AGGRESSIVE
Ag*gres"sive, a. [Cf. F. agressif.]

Defn: Tending or disposed to aggress; characterized by aggression;
making assaults; unjustly attacking; as, an aggressive policy, war,
person, nation. -- Ag*gres"sive*ly, adv. -- Ag*gres"sive*ness, n.

No aggressive movement was made.
Macaulay.

AGGRESSOR
Ag*gres"sor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. agresseur.]

Defn: The person who first attacks or makes an aggression; he who
begins hostility or a quarrel; an assailant.
The insolence of the aggressor is usually proportioned to the
tameness of the sufferer. Ames.

AGGRIEVANCE
Ag*griev"ance, n. Etym: [OF. agrevance, fr. agrever. See Aggrieve.]

Defn: Oppression; hardship; injury; grievance. [Archaic]

AGGRIEVE
Ag*grieve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aggrieved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Aggrieving.] Etym: [OE. agreven, OF. agrever; a (L. ad) + grever to
burden, injure, L. gravare to weigh down, fr. gravis heavy. See
Grieve, and cf. Aggravate.]

Defn: To give pain or sorrow to; to afflict; hence, to oppress or
injure in one's rights; to bear heavily upon; -- now commonly used in
the passive TO be aggrieved.
Aggrieved by oppression and extortion. Macaulay.

AGGRIEVE
Ag*grieve", v. i.

Defn: To grieve; to lament. [Obs.]

AGGROUP
Ag*group", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aggrouped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Aggrouping.] Etym: [F. agrouper; à (L. ad) + groupe group. See
Group..]

Defn: To bring together in a group; to group. Dryden.

AGGROUPMENT
Ag*group"ment, n.

Defn: Arrangement in a group or in groups; grouping.

AGGRY; AGGRI
Ag"gry, Ag"gri, a.

Defn: Applied to a kind of variegated glass beads of ancient
manufacture; as, aggry beads are found in Ashantee and Fantee in
Africa.

AGHAST
A*ghast", v. t.

Defn: See Agast, v. t. [Obs.]

AGHAST
A*ghast", a & p. p. Etym: [OE. agast, agasted, p. p. of agasten to
terrify, fr. AS. pref. a- (cf. Goth. us-, G. er-, orig. meaning out)
+ g to terrify, torment: cf. Goth. usgaisjan to terrify, primitively
to fix, to root to the spot with terror; akin to L. haerere to stick
fast, cling. See Gaze, Hesitate.]

Defn: Terrified; struck with amazement; showing signs of terror or
horror.
Aghast he waked; and, starting from his bed, Cold sweat in clammy
drops his limbs o'erspread. Dryden.
The commissioners read and stood aghast. Macaulay.

AGIBLE
Ag"i*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. agibilis, fr. L. agere to move, do.]

Defn: Possible to be done; practicable. [Obs.] "Fit for agible
things." Sir A. Sherley.

AGILE
Ag"ile, a. Etym: [F. agile, L. agilis, fr. agere to move. See Agent.]

Defn: Having the faculty of quick motion in the limbs; apt or ready
to move; nimble; active; as, an agile boy; an agile tongue.
Shaking it with agile hand. Cowper.

Syn.
 -- Active; alert; nimble; brisk; lively; quick.

AGILELY
Ag"ile*ly, adv.

Defn: In an agile manner; nimbly.

AGILENESS
Ag"ile*ness, n.

Defn: Agility; nimbleness. [R.]

AGILITY
A*gil"i*ty, n. Etym: [F. agilié, L. agilitas, fr. agilis.]

1. The quality of being agile; the power of moving the limbs quickly
and easily; nimbleness; activity; quickness of motion; as, strength
and agility of body.
They . . . trust to the agility of their wit. Bacon.
Wheeling with the agility of a hawk. Sir W. Scott.

2. Activity; powerful agency. [Obs.]
The agility of the sun's fiery heat. Holland.

AGIO
Ag"i*o, n.; pl. Agios. Etym: [It. aggio exchange, discount, premium,
the same word as agio ease. See Ease.] (Com.)

Defn: The premium or percentage on a better sort of money when it is
given in exchange for an inferior sort. The premium or discount on
foreign bills of exchange is sometimes called agio.

AGIOTAGE
Ag"i*o*tage, n. Etym: [F. agiotage, fr. agioter to practice
stockjobbing, fr. agio.]

Defn: Exchange business; also, stockjobbing; the maneuvers of
speculators to raise or lower the price of stocks or public funds.
Vanity and agiotage are to a Parisian the oxygen and hydrogen of
life. Landor.

AGIST
A*gist", v. t. Etym: [OF. agister; à (L. ad) + gister to assign a
lodging, fr. giste lodging, abode, F. gîte, LL. gistum, gista, fr. L.
jacitum, p. p. of jac to lie: cf. LL. agistare, adgistare. See Gist.]
(Law)

Defn: To take to graze or pasture, at a certain sum; -- used
originally of the feeding of cattle in the king's forests, and
collecting the money for the same. Blackstone.

AGISTATOR
Ag`is*ta"tor, n. Etym: [LL.]

Defn: See Agister.

AGISTER; AGISTOR
A*gist"er, A*gist"or, n. Etym: [Anglo-Norman agistour.] (Law)
(a) Formerly, an officer of the king's forest, who had the care of
cattle agisted, and collected the money for the same; -- hence called
gisttaker, which in England is corrupted into guest-taker.
(b) Now, one who agists or takes in cattle to pasture at a certain
rate; a pasturer. Mozley & W.

AGISTMENT
A*gist"ment, n. Etym: [OF. agistement. See Agist.] (Law)
(a) Formerly, the taking and feeding of other men's cattle in the
king's forests.
(b) The taking in by any one of other men's cattle to graze at a
certain rate. Mozley & W.
(c) The price paid for such feeding.
(d) A charge or rate against lands; as, an agistment of sea banks, i.
e., charge for banks or dikes.

AGITABLE
Ag"i*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. agitabilis: cf. F. agitable.]

Defn: Capable of being agitated, or easily moved. [R.]

AGITATE
Ag"i*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Agitated; p. pr. & vb. n. Agitating.]
Etym: [L. agitatus, p. p. of agitare to put in motion, fr. agere to
move: cf. F. agiter. See Act, Agent.]

1. To move with a violent, irregular action; as, the wind agitates
the sea; to agitate water in a vessel. "Winds . . . agitate the air."
Cowper.

2. To move or actuate. [R.] Thomson.

3. To stir up; to disturb or excite; to perturb; as, he was greatly
agitated.
The mind of man is agitated by various passions. Johnson.

4. To discuss with great earnestness; to debate; as, a controversy
hotly agitated. Boyle.

5. To revolve in the mind, or view in all its aspects; to contrive
busily; to devise; to plot; as, politicians agitate desperate
designs.

Syn.
 -- To move; shake; excite; rouse; disturb; distract; revolve;
discuss; debate; canvass.

AGITATEDLY
Ag"i*ta`ted*ly, adv.

Defn: In an agitated manner.

AGITATION
Ag`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. agitatio: cf. F. agitation.]

1. The act of agitating, or the state of being agitated; the state of
being moved with violence, or with irregular action; commotion; as,
the sea after a storm is in agitation.

2. A stirring up or arousing; disturbance of tranquillity;
disturbance of mind which shows itself by physical excitement;
perturbation; as, to cause any one agitation.

3. Excitement of public feeling by discussion, appeals, etc.; as, the
antislavery agitation; labor agitation. "Religious agitations."
Prescott.

4. Examination or consideration of a subject in controversy, or of a
plan proposed for adoption; earnest discussion; debate.
A logical agitation of the matter. L'Estrange.
The project now in agitation. Swift.

Syn.
 -- Emotion; commotion; excitement; trepidation; tremor;
perturbation. See Emotion.

AGITATIVE
Ag"i*ta*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to agitate.

AGITATO
A`gi*ta"to, a. Etym: [It., agitated.] (Med.)

Defn: Sung or played in a restless, hurried, and spasmodic manner.

AGITATOR
Ag"i*ta`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. One who agitates; one who stirs up or excites others; as,
political reformers and agitators.

2. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: One of a body of men appointed by the army, in Cromwell's time,
to look after their interests; -- called also adjutators. Clarendon.

3. An implement for shaking or mixing.

AGLEAM
A*gleam", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + gleam.]

Defn: Gleaming; as, faces agleam. Lowell.

AGLET; AIGLET
Ag"let, Aig"let, n. Etym: [F. aiguillette point, tagged point, dim.
of aiguilee needle, fr. LL. acucula for acicula, dim. of L. acus
needle, pinagleter to hook on. See Acute, and cf. Aiguillette.]

1. A tag of a lace or of the points, braids, or cords formerly used
in dress. They were sometimes formed into small images. Hence, "aglet
baby" (Shak.), an aglet image.

2. (Haberdashery)

Defn: A round white staylace. Beck.

AGLEY
A*gley", adv.

Defn: Aside; askew. [Scotch] Burns.

AGLIMMER
A*glim"mer, adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + glimmer.]

Defn: In a glimmering state. Hawthorne.

AGLITTER
A*glit"ter, adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + glitter.]

Defn: Clittering; in a glitter.

AGLOSSAL
A*glos"sal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without tongue; tongueless.

AGLOW
A*glow", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + glow.]

Defn: In a glow; glowing; as, cheeks aglow; the landscape all aglow.

AGLUTITION
Ag`lu*ti"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. a- not + L. glutire to swallow.]
(Med.)

Defn: Inability to swallow.

AGMINAL
Ag"mi*nal, a. Etym: [L. agminalis; agmen, agminis, a train.]

Defn: Pertaining to an army marching, or to a train. [R.]

AGMINATE; AGMINATED
Ag"mi*nate, Ag"mi*na`ted, a. Etym: [L. agmen, agminis, a train,
crowd.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Grouped together; as, the agminated glands of Peyer in the
small intestine.

AGNAIL
Ag"nail, n. Etym: [AS. angnægl; ange vexation, trouble + nægel nail.
Cf. Hangnail.]

1. A corn on the toe or foot. [Obs.]

2. An inflammation or sore under or around the nail; also, a
hangnail.

AGNATE
Ag"nate, a. Etym: [L. agnatus, p. p. of agnasci to be born in
addition to; ad + nasci (for gnasci) to be born. Cf. Adnate.]

1. Related or akin by the father's side; also, sprung from the same
male ancestor.

2. Allied; akin. "Agnate words." Pownall.
Assume more or less of a fictitious character, but congenial and
agnate with the former. Landor.

AGNATE
Ag"nate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. agnat.] (Civil Law)

Defn: A relative whose relationship can be traced exclusively through
males.

AGNATIC
Ag*nat"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. agnatique.]

Defn: Pertaining to descent by the male line of ancestors. "The
agnatic succession." Blackstone.

AGNATION
Ag*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. agnatio: cf. F. agnation.]

1. (Civil Law)

Defn: Consanguinity by a line of males only, as distinguished from
cognation. Bouvier.

AGNITION
Ag*ni"tion, n. Etym: [L. agnitio, fr. agnoscere. See Notion.]

Defn: Acknowledgment. [Obs.] Grafton.

AGNIZE
Ag*nize", v. t. Etym: [Formed like recognize, fr. L. agnoscere.]

Defn: To recognize; to acknowledge. [Archaic]
I do agnize a natural and prompt alacrity. Shak.

AGNOIOLOGY
Ag`noi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Metaph.)

Defn: The doctrine concerning those things of which we are
necessarily ignorant.

AGNOMEN
Ag*no"men, n. Etym: [L.; ad + nomen name.]

1. An additional or fourth name given by the Romans, or account of
some remarkable exploit or event; as, Publius Caius Scipio Africanus.

2. An additional name, or an epithet appended to a name; as,
Aristides the Just.

AGNOMINATE
Ag*nom"i*nate, v. t.

Defn: To name. [Obs.]

AGNOMINATION
Ag*nom`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. agnominatio. See Agnomen.]

1. A surname. [R.] Minsheu.

2. Paronomasia; also, alliteration; annomination.

AGNOSTIC
Ag*nos"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Professing ignorance; involving no dogmatic; pertaining to or
involving agnosticism.
 -- Ag*nos"tic*al*ly, adv.

AGNOSTIC
Ag*nos"tic, n.

Defn: One who professes ignorance, or denies that we have any
knowledge, save of phenomena; one who supports agnosticism, neither
affirming nor denying the existence of a personal Deity, a future
life, etc.

AGNOSTICISM
Ag*nos"ti*cism, n.

Defn: That doctrine which, professing ignorance, neither asserts nor
denies. Specifically: (Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine that the existence of a personal Deity, an unseen
world, etc., can be neither proved nor disproved, because of the
necessary limits of the human mind (as sometimes charged upon
Hamilton and Mansel), or because of the insufficiency of the evidence
furnished by physical and physical data, to warrant a positive
conclusion (as taught by the school of Herbert Spencer); -- opposed
alike dogmatic skepticism and to dogmatic theism.

AGNUS
Ag"nus, n.; pl. E. Agnuses; L. Agni. Etym: [L., a lamb.]

Defn: Agnus Dei.

AGNUS CASTUS
Ag"nus cas"tus. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Vitex (V. agnus castus); the chaste tree. Loudon.
And wreaths of agnus castus others bore. Dryden.

AGNUS DEI
Ag"nus De"i. Etym: [L., lamb of God.] (R. C. Ch.)
(a) A figure of a lamb bearing a cross or flag.
(b) A cake of wax stamped with such a figure. It is made from the
remains of the paschal candles and blessed by the Pope.
(c) A triple prayer in the sacrifice of the Mass, beginning with the
words "Agnus Dei."

AGNUS SCYTHICUS
Ag"nus Scyth"i*cus. [L., Scythian lamb.] (Bot.)

Defn: The Scythian lamb, a kind of woolly-skinned rootstock. See
Barometz.

AGO
A*go", a. & adv. Etym: [OE. ago, agon, p. p. of agon to go away, pass
by, AS. agan to pass away; a- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning
out) + gan to go. See Go.]

Defn: Past; gone by; since; as, ten years ago; gone long ago.

AGOG
A*gog", a. & adv. Etym: [Cf. F. gogue fun, perhaps of Celtic origin.]

Defn: In eager desire; eager; astir.
All agog to dash through thick and thin. Cowper.

AGOING
A*go"ing, adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + p. pr. of go.]

Defn: In motion; in the act of going; as, to set a mill agoing.

AGON
Ag"on, n.; pl. Agones. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A contest for a prize at the public games.

AGONE
A*gone", a. & adv.

Defn: Ago. [Archaic. & Poet.]
Three days agone I fell sick. 1 Sam. xxx. 13.

AGONE
A"gone, n. Etym: [See Agonic.]

Defn: Agonic line.

AGONIC
A*gon"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Not forming an angle. Agonic line (Physics), an imaginary line
on the earth's surface passing through those places where the
magnetic needle points to the true north; the line of no magnetic
variation. There is one such line in the Western hemisphere, and
another in the Eastern hemisphere.

AGONISM
Ag"o*nism, n. Etym: [Gr. Agon.]

Defn: Contention for a prize; a contest. [Obs.] Blount.

AGONIST
Ag"o*nist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who contends for the prize in public games. [R.]

AGONISTIC; AGONISTICAL
Ag`o*nis"tic, Ag`o*nis"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Agonism.]

Defn: Pertaining to violent contests, bodily or mental; pertaining to
athletic or polemic feats; athletic; combative; hence, strained;
unnatural.
As a scholar, he [Dr. Parr] was brilliant, but he consumed his power
in agonistic displays. De Quincey.

AGONISTICALLY
Ag`o*nis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an agonistic manner.

AGONISTICS
Ag`o*nis"tics, n.

Defn: The science of athletic combats, or contests in public games.

AGONIZE
Ag"o*nize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Agonized; p. pr. & vb. n. Agonizing.]
Etym: [F. agoniser, LL. agonizare, fr. Gr. Agony.]

1. To writhe with agony; to suffer violent anguish.
To smart and agonize at every pore. Pope.

2. To struggle; to wrestle; to strive desperately.

AGONIZE
Ag"o*nize, v. t.

Defn: To cause to suffer agony; to subject to extreme pain; to
torture.
He agonized his mother by his behavior. Thackeray.

AGONIZINGLY
Ag"o*ni`zing*ly, adv.

Defn: With extreme anguish or desperate struggles.

AGONOTHETE
Ag"o*no*thete`, n. Etym: [Gr. [Antiq.]

Defn: An officer who presided over the great public games in Greece.

AGONOTHETIC
Ag`o*no*thet"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the office of an agonothete.

AGONY
Ag"o*ny, n.; pl. Agonies. Etym: [L. agonia, Gr. agonie. See
Agon.]Etym:

1. Violent contest or striving.
The world is convulsed by the agonies of great nations. Macaulay.

2. Pain so extreme as to cause writhing or contortions of the body,
similar to those made in the athletic contests in Greece; and hence,
extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; paroxysm of grief;
specifically, the sufferings of Christ in the garden of Gethsemane.
Being in an agony he prayed more earnestly. Luke xxii. 44.

3. Paroxysm of joy; keen emotion.
With cries and agonies of wild delight. Pope.

4. The last struggle of life; death struggle.

Syn.
 -- Anguish; torment; throe; distress; pangs; suffering.
 -- Agony, Anguish, Pang. These words agree in expressing extreme
pain of body or mind. Agony denotes acute and permanent pain, usually
of the whole system., and often producing contortions. Anguish
denotes severe pressure, and, considered as bodily suffering, is more
commonly local (as anguish of a wound), thus differing from agony. A
pang is a paroxysm of excruciating pain. It is severe and transient.
The agonies or pangs of remorse; the anguish of a wounded conscience.
"Oh, sharp convulsive pangs of agonizing pride!" Dryden.

A-GOOD
A-good(#), adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + good.]

Defn: In earnest; heartily. [Obs.] "I made her weep agood." Shak.

AGOOD
A*good(a*good"), adv. [Pref. a-+ good.]

Defn: In earnest; heartily. [Obs.] "I made her weep agood."  Shak.

AGORA
Ag"o*ra, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An assembly; hence, the place of assembly, especially the
market place, in an ancient Greek city.

AGOUARA
A*gou"a*ra, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus), found in the
tropical parts of America.

AGOUTA
A*gou"ta, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small insectivorous mammal (Solenodon paradoxus), allied to
the moles, found only in Hayti.

AGOUTI; AGOUTY
A*gou"ti, A*gou"ty, n. Etym: [F. agouti, acouti, Sp. aguti, fr.
native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rodent of the genus Dasyprocta, about the size of a rabbit,
peculiar to South America and the West Indies. The most common
species is the Dasyprocta agouti.

AGRACE
A*grace", n. & v.

Defn: See Aggrace. [Obs.]

AGRAFFE
A*graffe", n. Etym: [F. agrafe, formerly agraffe, OF. agrappe. See
Agrappes.]

1. A hook or clasp.
The feather of an ostrich, fastened in her turban by an agraffe set
with brilliants. Sir W. Scott.

2. A hook, eyelet, or other device by which a piano wire is so held
as to limit the vibration.

AGRAMMATIST
A*gram"ma*tist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A illiterate person. [Obs.] Bailey.

AGRAPHIA
A*graph"i*a, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The absence or loss of the power of expressing ideas by written
signs. It is one form of aphasia.

AGRAPHIC
A*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Characterized by agraphia.

AGRAPPES
A*grappes", n. pl. Etym: [OF. agrappe, F. agrafe; a + grappe (see
Grape) fr. OHG. krapfo hook.]

Defn: Hooks and eyes for armor, etc. Fairholt.

AGRARIAN
A*gra"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. agrarius, fr. ager field.]

1. Pertaining to fields, or lands, or their tenure; esp., relating to
am equal or equitable division of lands; as, the agrarian laws of
Rome, which distributed the conquered and other public lands among
citizens.
His Grace's landed possessions are irresistibly inviting to an
agrarian experiment. Burke.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Wild; -- said of plants growing in the fields.

AGRARIAN
A*gra"ri*an, n.

1. One in favor of an equal division of landed property.

2. An agrarian law. [R.]
An equal agrarian is perpetual law. Harrington.

AGRARIANISM
A*gra"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: An equal or equitable division of landed property; the
principles or acts of those who favor a redistribution of land.

AGRARIANIZE
A*gra"ri*an*ize, v. t.

Defn: To distribute according to, or to imbue with, the principles of
agrarianism.

AGRE; AGREE
A*gre", A*gree", adv. Etym: [F. à gré. See Agree.]

Defn: In good part; kindly. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

AGREE
A*gree", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Agreed; p. pr. & vb. n. Agreeing.] Etym:
[F. agréer to accept or receive kindly, fr. à gré; à (L. ad) + gré
good will, consent, liking, fr. L. gratus pleasing, agreeable. See
Grateful.]

1. To harmonize in opinion, statement, or action; to be in unison or
concord; to be or become united or consistent; to concur; as, all
parties agree in the expediency of the law.
If music and sweet poetry agree. Shak.
Their witness agreed not together. Mark xiv. 56.
The more you agree together, the less hurt can your enemies do you.
Sir T. Browne.

2. To yield assent; to accede; -- followed by to; as, to agree to an
offer, or to opinion.

3. To make a stipulation by way of settling differences or
determining a price; to exchange promises; to come to terms or to a
common resolve; to promise.
Agree with thine adversary quickly. Matt. v. 25.
Didst not thou agree with me for a penny Matt. xx. 13.

4. To be conformable; to resemble; to coincide; to correspond; as,
the picture does not agree with the original; the two scales agree
exactly.

5. To suit or be adapted in its effects; to do well; as, the same
food does not agree with every constitution.

6. (Gram.)

Defn: To correspond in gender, number, case, or person.

Note: The auxiliary forms of to be are often employed with the
participle agreed. "The jury were agreed." Macaulay. "Can two walk
together, except they be agreed " Amos iii. 3. The principal
intransitive uses were probably derived from the transitive verb used
reflexively. "I agree me well to your desire." Ld. Berners.

Syn.
 -- To assent; concur; consent; acquiesce; accede; engage; promise;
stipulate; contract; bargain; correspond; harmonize; fit; tally;
coincide; comport.

AGREE
A*gree", v. t.

1. To make harmonious; to reconcile or make friends. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To admit, or come to one mind concerning; to settle; to arrange;
as, to agree the fact; to agree differences. [Obs.]

AGREEABILITY
A*gree`a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [OF. agreablete.]

1. Easiness of disposition. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. The quality of being, or making one's self, agreeable;
agreeableness. Thackeray.

AGREEABLE
A*gree"a*ble, a. Etym: [F. agréable.]

1. Pleasing, either to the mind or senses; pleasant; grateful; as,
agreeable manners or remarks; an agreeable person; fruit agreeable to
the taste.
A train of agreeable reveries. Goldsmith.

2. Willing; ready to agree or consent. [Colloq.]
These Frenchmen give unto the said captain of Calais a great sum of
money, so that he will be but content and agreeable that they may
enter into the said town. Latimer.

3. Agreeing or suitable; conformable; correspondent; concordant;
adapted; -- followed by to, rarely by with.
That which is agreeable to the nature of one thing, is many times
contrary to the nature of another. L'Estrange.

4. In pursuance, conformity, or accordance; -- in this sense used
adverbially for agreeably; as, agreeable to the order of the day, the
House took up the report.

Syn.
 -- Pleasing; pleasant; welcome; charming; acceptable; amiable. See
Pleasant.

AGREEABLENESS
A*gree"a*ble*ness, n.

1. The quality of being agreeable or pleasing; that quality which
gives satisfaction or moderate pleasure to the mind or senses.
That author . . . has an agreeableness that charms us. Pope.

2. The quality of being agreeable or suitable; suitableness or
conformity; consistency.
The agreeableness of virtuous actions to human nature. Pearce.

3. Resemblance; concordance; harmony; -- with to or between. [Obs.]
The agreeableness between man and the other parts of the universe.
Grew.

AGREEABLY
A*gree"a*bly, adv.

1. In an agreeably manner; in a manner to give pleasure; pleasingly.
"Agreeably entertained." Goldsmith.

2. In accordance; suitably; consistently; conformably; -- followed by
to and rarely by with. See Agreeable, 4.
The effect of which is, that marriages grow less frequent, agreeably
to the maxim above laid down. Paley.

3. Alike; similarly. [Obs.]
Both clad in shepherds' weeds agreeably. Spenser.

AGREEINGLY
A*gree"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In an agreeing manner (to); correspondingly; agreeably. [Obs.]

AGREEMENT
A*gree"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. agrément.]

1. State of agreeing; harmony of opinion, statement, action, or
character; concurrence; concord; conformity; as, a good agreement
subsists among the members of the council.
What agreement hath the temple of God with idols 2 Cor. vi. 16.
Expansion and duration have this further agreement. Locke.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Concord or correspondence of one word with another in gender,
number, case, or person.

3. (Law)
(a) A concurrence in an engagement that something shall be done or
omitted; an exchange of promises; mutual understanding, arrangement,
or stipulation; a contract.
(b) The language, oral or written, embodying reciprocal promises.
Abbott. Brande & C.

Syn.
 -- Bargain; contract; compact; stipulation.

AGREER
A*gre"er, n.

Defn: One who agrees.

AGRESTIC
A*gres"tic, a. Etym: [L. agrestis, fr. ager field.]

Defn: Pertaining to fields or the country, in opposition to the city;
rural; rustic; unpolished; uncouth. "Agrestic behavior." Gregory.

AGRESTICAL
A*gres"tic*al, a.

Defn: Agrestic. [Obs.]

AGRICOLATION
A*gric`o*la"tion, n. Etym: [L., agricolatio.]

Defn: Agriculture. [Obs.] Bailey.

AGRICOLIST
A*gric"o*list, n.

Defn: A cultivator of the soil; an agriculturist. Dodsley.

AGRICULTOR
Ag"ri*cul`tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. ager field + cultor cultivator.]

Defn: An agriculturist; a farmer. [R.]

AGRICULTURAL
Ag`ri*cul"tur*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to agriculture; connected with, or engaged in,
tillage; as, the agricultural class; agricultural implements, wages,
etc.
 -- Ag`ri*cul"tur*al*ly, adv. Agricultural ant (Zoöl.), a species of
ant which gathers and stores seeds of grasses, for food. The
remarkable species (Myrmica barbata) found in Texas clears circular
areas and carefully cultivates its favorite grain, known as ant rice.

AGRICULTURALIST
Ag`ri*cul"tur*al*ist, n.

Defn: An agriculturist (which is the preferred form.)

AGRICULTURE
Ag"ri*cul`ture, n. Etym: [L. agricultura; ager field + cultura
cultivation: cf. F. agriculture. See Acre and Culture.]

Defn: The art or science of cultivating the ground, including the
harvesting of crops, and the rearing and management of live stock;
tillage; husbandry; farming.

AGRICULTURISM
Ag`ri*cul"tur*ism, n.

Defn: Agriculture. [R.]

AGRICULTURIST
Ag`ri*cul"tur*ist, n.

Defn: One engaged or skilled in agriculture; a husbandman.
The farmer is always a practitioner, the agriculturist may be a mere
theorist. Crabb.

AGRIEF
A*grief", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + grief.]

Defn: In grief; amiss. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AGRIMONY
Ag"ri*mo*ny, n. Etym: [OE. agremoyne, OF. aigremoine, L. agrimonia
for argemonia, fr. Gr. (Bot.)
(a) A genus of plants of the Rose family.
(b) The name is also given to various other plants; as, hemp agrimony
(Eupatorium cannabinum); water agrimony (Bidens).

Note: The Agrimonia eupatoria, or common agrimony, a perennial herb
with a spike of yellow flowers, was once esteemed as a medical
remedy, but is now seldom used.

AGRIN
A*grin", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + grin.]

Defn: In the act of grinning. "His visage all agrin." Tennyson.

AGRIOLOGIST
Ag`ri*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed or engaged in agriology.

AGRIOLOGY
Ag`ri*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: Description or comparative study of the customs of savage or
uncivilized tribes.

AGRISE
A*grise", v. i. Etym: [AS. agrisan to dread; a- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger.
er-, orig. meaning out) + grisan, for gr (only in comp.), akin to
OHG. gr, G. grausen, to shudder. See Grisly.]

Defn: To shudder with terror; to tremble with fear. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AGRISE
A*grise", v. t.

1. To shudder at; to abhor; to dread; to loathe. [Obs.] Wyclif.

2. To terrify; to affright. [Obs.]
His manly face that did his foes agrise. Spenser.

AGROM
A"grom, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease occurring in Bengal and other parts of the East
Indies, in which the tongue chaps and cleaves.

AGRONOMIC; AGRONOMICAL
Ag`ro*nom"ic, Ag`ro*nom"ic*al, Etym: [Cf. F. agronomique.]

Defn: Pertaining to agronomy, of the management of farms.

AGRONOMICS
Ag`ro*nom"ics, n.

Defn: The science of the distribution and management of land.

AGRONOMIST
A*gron"o*mist, n.

Defn: One versed in agronomy; a student of agronomy.

AGRONOMY
A*gron"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. agronomie.]

Defn: The management of land; rural economy; agriculture.

AGROPE
A*grope", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + grope.]

Defn: In the act of groping. Mrs. Browning.

AGROSTIS
A*gros"tis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A genus of grasses, including species called in common language
bent grass. Some of them, as redtop (Agrostis vulgaris), are valuable
pasture grasses.

AGROSTOGRAPHIC; AGROSTOGRAPHICAL
A*gros`to*graph"ic, A*gros`to*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
agrostographique.]

Defn: Pertaining to agrostography.

AGROSTOGRAPHY
Ag`ros*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A description of the grasses.

AGROSTOLOGIC; AGROSTOLOGICAL
A*gros`to*log"ic, A*gros`to*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to agrostology.

AGROSTOLOGIST
Ag`ros*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One skilled in agrostology.

AGROSTOLOGY
Ag`ros*tol"ogy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: That part of botany which treats of the grasses.

AGROTECHNY
Ag"ro*tech`ny, n. [Gr.   field, land +  an art.]

Defn: That branch of agriculture dealing with the methods of
conversion of agricultural products into manufactured articles;
agricultural technology.

AGROUND
A*ground", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + ground.]

Defn: On the ground; stranded; -- a nautical term applied to a ship
when its bottom lodges on the ground. Totten.

AGROUPMENT
A*group"ment, n.

Defn: See Aggroupment.

AGRYPNOTIC
Ag`ryp*not"ic, n. Etym: [Gr. agrypnotique.]

Defn: Anything which prevents sleep, or produces wakefulness, as
strong tea or coffee.

AGUARDIENTE
A`guar*di*en"te, n. Etym: [Sp., contr. of agua ardiente burning water
(L. aqua water + ardens burning).]

1. A inferior brandy of Spain and Portugal.

2. A strong alcoholic drink, especially pulque. [Mexico and Spanish
America.]

AGUE
A"gue, n. Etym: [OE. agu, ague, OF. agu, F. aigu, sharp, OF. fem.
ague, LL. (febris) acuta, a sharp, acute fever, fr. L. acutus sharp.
See Acute.]

1. An acute fever. [Obs.] "Brenning agues." P. Plowman.

2. (Med.)

Defn: An intermittent fever, attended by alternate cold and hot fits.

3. The cold fit or rigor of the intermittent fever; as, fever and
ague.

4. A chill, or state of shaking, as with cold. Dryden. Ague cake, an
enlargement of the spleen produced by ague.
 -- Ague drop, a solution of the arsenite of potassa used for ague.
 -- Ague fit, a fit of the ague. Shak.
 -- Ague spell, a spell or charm against ague. Gay.
 -- Ague tree, the sassafras, -- sometimes so called from the use of
its root formerly, in cases of ague. [Obs.]

AGUE
A"gue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Agued.]

Defn: To strike with an ague, or with a cold fit. Heywood.

AGUILT
A*guilt", v. t.

Defn: To be guilty of; to offend; to sin against; to wrong. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

AGUISE
A*guise", n.

Defn: Dress. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

AGUISE
A*guise", v. t. Etym: [Pref a- + guise.]

Defn: To dress; to attire; to adorn. [Obs.]
Above all knights ye goodly seem aguised. Spenser.

AGUISH
A"gu*ish, a.

1. Having the qualities of an ague; somewhat cold or shivering;
chilly; shaky.
Her aguish love now glows and burns. Granville.

2. Productive of, or affected by, ague; as, the aguish districts of
England. T. Arnold. A"gu*ish*ness, n.

AGUSH
A*gush", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + gush.]

Defn: In a gushing state. Hawthorne.

AGYNOUS
Ag"y*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Without female organs; male.

AH
Ah, interj. Etym: [OE. a: cf. OF. a, F. ah, L. ah, Gr. a, Icel. æ,
OHG. a, Lith. á, á\'a0.]

Defn: An exclamation, expressive of surprise, pity, complaint,
entreaty, contempt, threatening, delight, triumph, etc., according to
the manner of utterance.

AHA
A*ha", interj. Etym: [Ah, interj. + ha.]

Defn: An exclamation expressing, by different intonations, triumph,
mixed with derision or irony, or simple surprise.

AHA
A*ha", n.

Defn: A sunk fence. See Ha-ha. Mason.

AHEAD
A*head", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + head.]

1. In or to the front; in advance; onward.
The island bore but a little ahead of us. Fielding.

2. Headlong; without restraint. [Obs.] L'Estrange. To go ahead. (a)
To go in advance. (b) To go on onward. (c) To push on in an
enterprise. [Colloq] -- To get ahead of. (a) To get in advance of.
(b) To surpass; to get the better of. [Colloq.]

AHEAP
A*heap", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + heap.]

Defn: In a heap; huddled together. Hood.

AHEIGHT
A*height", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + height.]

Defn: Aloft; on high. [Obs.] "Look up aheight." Shak.

AHEM
A*hem", interj.

Defn: An exclamation to call one's attention; hem.

AHEY
A*hey", interj.

Defn: Hey; ho.

AHIGH
A*high", adv.

Defn: On high. [Obs.] Shak.

AHOLD
A*hold", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + hold.]

Defn: Near the wind; as, to lay a ship ahold. [Obs.] Shak.

AHORSEBACK
A*horse"back, adv.

Defn: On horseback.
Two suspicious fellows ahorseback. Smollet.

AHOY
A*hoy", interj. Etym: [OE. a, interj. + hoy.] (Naut.)

Defn: A term used in hailing; as, "Ship ahoy."

AHRIMAN
Ah"ri*man, n. Etym: [Per.]

Defn: The Evil Principle or Being of the ancient Persians; the Prince
of Darkness as opposer to Ormuzd, the King of Light.

AHU
A"hu, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Asiatic gazelle.

AHULL
A*hull", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + hull.] (Naut.)

Defn: With the sails furled, and the helm lashed alee; -- applied to
ships in a storm. See Hull, n.

AHUNGERED
A*hun"gered, a. Etym: [Pref. a- + hungered.]

Defn: Pinched with hunger; very hungry. C. Bronté.

AI
A"i, n.; pl. Ais. Etym: [Braz. aï, haï, from the animal's cry: cf. F.
aï.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The three-toed sloth (Bradypus tridactylus) of South America.
See Sloth.

AIBLINS; ABLINS
Ai"blins, A"blins, adv. Etym: [See Able.]

Defn: Perhaps; possibly. [Scotch] Burns.

AICH'S METAL
Aich's met"al.

Defn: A kind of gun metal, containing copper, zinc, and iron, but no
tin.

AID
Aid, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aided; p. pr. & vb. n. Aiding.] Etym: [F.
aider, OF. aidier, fr. L. adjutare to help, freq. of adjuvare to
help; ad + juvare to help. Cf. Adjutant.]

Defn: To support, either by furnishing strength or means in
coöperation to effect a purpose, or to prevent or to remove evil; to
help; to assist.
You speedy helpers . . . Appear and aid me in this enterprise. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To help; assist; support; sustain; succor; relieve; befriend;
coöperate; promote. See Help.

AID
Aid, n. Etym: [F. aide, OF. aïde, aïe, fr. the verb. See Aid, v. t.]

1. Help; succor; assistance; relief.
An unconstitutional mode of obtaining aid. Hallam.

2. The person or thing that promotes or helps in something done; a
helper; an assistant.
It is not good that man should be alone; let us make unto him an aid
like unto himself. Tobit viii. 6.

3. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: A subsidy granted to the king by Parliament; also, an exchequer
loan.

4. (Feudal Law)

Defn: A pecuniary tribute paid by a vassal to his lord on special
occasions. Blackstone.

5. An aid-de-camp, so called by abbreviation; as, a general's aid.
Aid prayer (Law), a proceeding by which a defendant beseeches and
claims assistance from some one who has a further or more permanent
interest in the matter in suit.
 -- To pray in aid, to beseech and claim such assistance.

AIDANCE
Aid"ance, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. aidance.]

Defn: Aid. [R.]
Aidance 'gainst the enemy. Shak.

AIDANT
Aid"ant, a. Etym: [Cf. F. aidant, p. pr. of aider to help.]

Defn: Helping; helpful; supplying aid. Shak.

AID-DE-CAMP
Aid"-de-camp`, n.; pl. Aids-de-camp.. Etym: [F. aide de camp
(literally) camp assistant.] (Mil.)

Defn: An officer selected by a general to carry orders, also to
assist or represent him in correspondence and in directing movements.

AIDER
Aid"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, aids.

AIDFUL
Aid"ful, a.

Defn: Helpful. [Archaic.] Bp. Hall.

AIDLESS
Aid"less, a.

Defn: Helpless; without aid. Milton.

AID-MAJOR
Aid"-ma`jor, n.

Defn: The adjutant of a regiment.

AIEL
Ai"el, n.

Defn: See Ayle. [Obs.]

AIGLET
Aig"let, n.

Defn: Same as Aglet.

AIGRE
Ai"gre, a. Etym: [F. See Eager.]

Defn: Sour. [Obs.] Shak.

AIGREMORE
Ai"gre*more, n. Etym: [F. origin unknown.]

Defn: Charcoal prepared for making powder.

AIGRET; AIGRETTE
Ai"gret, Ai*grette, n. Etym: [F., a sort of white heron, with a tuft
of feathers on its head; a tuft of feathers; dim. of the same word as
heron. See Heron, and cf. Egret, Egrette.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The small white European heron. See Egret.

2. A plume or tuft for the head composed of feathers, or of gems,
etc. Prescott.

3. A tuft like that of the egret. (Bot.)

Defn: A feathery crown of seed; egret; as, the aigrette or down of
the dandelion or the thistle.

AIGUILLE
Ai`guille", n. Etym: [F., a needle. See Aglet.]

1. A needle-shaped peak.

2. An instrument for boring holes, used in blasting.

AIGUILLETTE
Ai`guil*lette", n. Etym: [F. See Aglet.]

1. A point or tag at the end of a fringe or lace; an aglet.

2. One of the ornamental tags, cords, or loops on some military and
naval uniforms.

AIGULET
Ai"gu*let, n.

Defn: See Aglet. Spenser.

AIL
Ail, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ailing.] Etym: [OE.
eilen, ailen, AS. eglan to trouble, pain; akin to Goth. us-agljan to
distress, agls troublesome, irksome, aglo, aglitha, pain, and prob.
to E. awe.

Defn: To affect with pain or uneasiness, either physical or mental;
to trouble; to be the matter with; -- used to express some uneasiness
or affection, whose cause is unknown; as, what ails the man I know
not what ails him.
What aileth thee, Hagar Gen. xxi. 17.

Note: It is never used to express a specific disease. We do not say,
a fever ails him; but, something ails him.

AIL
Ail, v. i.

Defn: To be affected with pain or uneasiness of any sort; to be ill
or indisposed or in trouble.
When he ails ever so little . . . he is so peevish. Richardson.

AIL
Ail, n.

Defn: Indisposition or morbid affection. Pope.

AILANTHUS
Ai*lan"thus, n.

Defn: Same as Ailantus.

AILANTUS
Ai*lan"tus, n. Etym: [From aylanto, i. e., tree of heaven, the name
of the tree in the Moluccas.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of beautiful trees, natives of the East Indies. The
tree imperfectly di

AILERON
Ai"le*ron, n. [F., dim. of aile wing.]

1.

Defn: A half gable, as at the end of a penthouse or of the aisle of a
church.

2.  (Aëronautics) A small plane or surface capable of being
manipulated by the pilot of a flying machine to preserve or destroy
lateral balance; a hinged wing tip; a lateral stabilizing or
balancing plane.

AILETTE
Ai*lette, n. Etym: [F. ailette, dim. of aile wing, L. ala.]

Defn: A small square shield, formerly worn on the shoulders of
knights, -- being the prototype of the modern epaulet. Fairholt.

AILMENT
Ail"ment, n.

Defn: Indisposition; morbid affection of the body; -- not applied
ordinarily to acute diseases. "Little ailments." Landsdowne.

AILUROIDEA
Ai`lu*roid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of the Carnivora, which includes the cats, civets, and
hyenas.

AIM
Aim, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Aimed; p. pr. & vb. n. Aiming.] Etym: [OE.
amen, aimen, eimen, to guess at, to estimate, to aim, OF. esmer,
asmer, fr. L. aestimare to estimate; or perh. fr. OF. aesmer; ad) +
esmer. See Estimate.]

1. To point or direct a missile weapon, or a weapon which propels as
missile, towards an object or spot with the intent of hitting it; as,
to aim at a fox, or at a target.

2. To direct the indention or purpose; to attempt the accomplishment
of a purpose; to try to gain; to endeavor; -- followed by at, or by
an infinitive; as, to aim at distinction; to aim to do well.
Aim'st thou at princes Pope.

3. To guess or conjecture. [Obs.] Shak.

AIM
Aim, v. t.

Defn: To direct or point, as a weapon, at a particular object; to
direct, as a missile, an act, or a proceeding, at, to, or against an
object; as, to aim a musket or an arrow, the fist or a blow (at
something); to aim a satire or a reflection (at some person or vice).

AIM
Aim, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. esme estimation, fr. esmer. See Aim, v. i.]

1. The pointing of a weapon, as a gun, a dart, or an arrow, in the
line of direction with the object intended to be struck; the line of
fire; the direction of anything, as a spear, a blow, a discourse, a
remark, towards a particular point or object, with a view to strike
or affect it.
Each at the head leveled his deadly aim. Milton.

2. The point intended to be hit, or object intended to be attained or
affected.
To be the aim of every dangerous shot. Shak.

3. Intention; purpose; design; scheme.
How oft ambitious aims are crossed! Pope.

4. Conjecture; guess. [Obs.]
What you would work me to, I have some aim. Shak.
To cry aim (Archery), to encourage. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- End; object; scope; drift; design; purpose; intention; scheme;
tendency; aspiration.

AIMER
Aim"er, n.

Defn: One who aims, directs, or points.

AIMLESS
Aim"less, a.

Defn: Without aim or purpose; as, an aimless life.
 -- Aim"less*ly, adv.
 -- Aim"less*ness, n.

AINO
Ai"no, n. Etym: [Said to be the native name for man.]

Defn: One of a peculiar race inhabiting Yesso, the Kooril Islands
etc., in the northern part of the empire of Japan, by some supposed
to have been the progenitors of the Japanese. The Ainos are stout and
short, with hairy bodies.

AIN'T
Ain't.

Defn: A contraction for are not and am not; also used for is not.
[Colloq. or llliterate speech]. See An't.

AIR
Air, n. Etym: [OE. air, eir, F. air, L. aër, fr. Gr. wind. In sense
10 the French has taking a meaning fr. It. aria atmosphere, air, fr.
the same Latin word; and in senses 11, 12, 13 the French meaning is
either fr. L. aria, or due to confusion with F. aire, in an older
sense of origin, descent. Cf. A, Debonair, Malaria, Wind.]

1. The fluid which we breathe, and which surrounds the earth; the
atmosphere. It is invisible, inodorous, insipid, transparent,
compressible, elastic, and ponderable.

Note: By the ancient philosophers, air was regarded as an element;
but modern science has shown that it is essentially a mixture of
oxygen and nitrogen, with a small amount of carbon dioxide, the
average proportions being, by volume: oxygen, 20.96 per cent.;
nitrogen, 79.00 per cent.; carbon dioxide, 0.04 per cent. These
proportions are subject to a very slight variability. Air also always
contains some vapor of water.

2. Symbolically: Something unsubstantial, light, or volatile. "Charm
ache with air." Shak.
He was still all air and fire. Macaulay
. [Air and fire being the finer and quicker elements as opposed to
earth and water.]

3. A particular state of the atmosphere, as respects heat, cold,
moisture, etc., or as affecting the sensations; as, a smoky air, a
damp air, the morning air, etc.

4. Any aëriform body; a gas; as, oxygen was formerly called vital
air. [Obs.]

5. Air in motion; a light breeze; a gentle wind.
Let vernal airs through trembling osiers play. Pope.

6. Odoriferous or contaminated air.

7. That which surrounds and influences.
The keen, the wholesome air of poverty. Wordsworth.

8. Utterance abroad; publicity; vent.
You gave it air before me. Dryden.

9. Intelligence; information. [Obs.] Bacon.

10. (Mus.)
(a) A musical idea, or motive, rhythmically developed in consecutive
single tones, so as to form a symmetrical and balanced whole, which
may be sung by a single voice to the stanzas of a hymn or song, or
even to plain prose, or played upon an instrument; a melody; a tune;
an aria.
(b) In harmonized chorals, psalmody, part songs, etc., the part which
bears the tune or melody -- in modern harmony usually the upper part
-- is sometimes called the air.

11. The peculiar look, appearance, and bearing of a person; mien;
demeanor; as, the air of a youth; a heavy air; a lofty air. "His very
air." Shak.

12. Peculiar appearance; apparent character; semblance; manner;
style.
It was communicated with the air of a secret. Pope.

12. pl.

Defn: An artificial or affected manner; show of pride or vanity;
haughtiness; as, it is said of a person, he puts on airs. Thackeray.

14. (Paint.)
(a) The representation or reproduction of the effect of the
atmospheric medium through which every object in nature is viewed.
New Am. Cyc.
(b) Carriage; attitude; action; movement; as, the head of that
portrait has a good air. Fairholt.

15. (Man.)

Defn: The artificial motion or carriage of a horse.

Note: Air is much used adjectively or as the first part of a compound
term. In most cases it might be written indifferently, as a separate
limiting word, or as the first element of the compound term, with or
without the hyphen; as, air bladder, air-bladder, or airbladder; air
cell, air-cell, or aircell; air-pump, or airpump. Air balloon. See
Balloon.
 -- Air bath. (a) An apparatus for the application of air to the
body. (b) An arrangement for drying substances in air of any desired
temperature.
 -- Air castle. See Castle in the air, under Castle.
 -- Air compressor, a machine for compressing air to be used as a
motive power.
 -- Air crossing, a passage for air in a mine.
 -- Air cushion, an air-tight cushion which can be inflated; also, a
device for arresting motion without shock by confined air.
 -- Air fountain, a contrivance for producing a jet of water by the
force of compressed air.
 -- Air furnace, a furnace which depends on a natural draft and not
on blast.
 -- Air line, a straight line; a bee line. Hence Air-line, adj.; as,
air-line road.
 -- Air lock (Hydr. Engin.), an intermediate chamber between the
outer air and the compressed-air chamber of a pneumatic caisson.
Knight.
 -- Air port (Nav.), a scuttle or porthole in a ship to admit air.
 -- Air spring, a spring in which the elasticity of air is utilized.
 -- Air thermometer, a form of thermometer in which the contraction
and expansion of air is made to measure changes of temperature.
 -- Air threads, gossamer.
 -- Air trap, a contrivance for shutting off foul air or gas from
drains, sewers, etc.; a stench trap.
 -- Air trunk, a pipe or shaft for conducting foul or heated air from
a room.
 -- Air valve, a valve to regulate the admission or egress of air;
esp. a valve which opens inwardly in a steam boiler and allows air to
enter.
 -- Air way, a passage for a current of air; as the air way of an air
pump; an air way in a mine.
 -- In the air. (a) Prevalent without traceable origin or authority,
as rumors. (b) Not in a fixed or stable position; unsettled. (c)
(Mil.) Unsupported and liable to be turned or taken in flank; as, the
army had its wing in the air.
 -- To take air, to be divulged; to be made public.
 -- To take the air, to go abroad; to walk or ride out.

AIR
Air, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aired; p. pr. & vb. n. Airing.] Etym: [See
Air, n., and cf. A.]

1. To expose to the air for the purpose of cooling, refreshing, or
purifying; to ventilate; as, to air a room.
It were good wisdom . . . that the jail were aired. Bacon.
Were you but riding forth to air yourself. Shak.

2. To expose for the sake of public notice; to display
ostentatiously; as, to air one's opinion.
Airing a snowy hand and signet gem. Tennyson.

3. To expose to heat, for the purpose of expelling dampness, or of
warming; as, to air linen; to air liquors.

AIR BED
Air" bed`.

Defn: A sack or matters inflated with air, and used as a bed.

AIR BLADDER
Air" blad`der.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: An air sac, sometimes double or variously lobed, in the
visceral cavity of many fishes. It originates in the same way as the
lungs of air-breathing vertebrates, and in the adult may retain a
tubular connection with the pharynx or esophagus.

2. A sac or bladder full of air in an animal or plant; also an air
hole in a casting.

AIR BRAKE
Air" brake`. (Mach.)

Defn: A railway brake operated by condensed air. Knight.

AIR BRUSH
Air brush.

Defn: A kind of atomizer for applying liquid coloring matter in a
spray by compressed air.

AIR-BUILT
Air"-built`, a.

Defn: Erected in the air; having no solid foundation; chimerical; as,
an air-built castle.

AIR CELL
Air" cell`.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A cavity in the cellular tissue of plants, containing air only.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A receptacle of air in various parts of the system; as, a cell
or minute cavity in the walls of the air tubes of the lungs; the air
sac of birds; a dilatation of the air vessels in insects.

AIR CHAMBER
Air" cham`ber.

1. A chamber or cavity filled with air, in an animal or plant.

2. A cavity containing air to act as a spring for equalizing the flow
of a liquid in a pump or other hydraulic machine.

AIR COCK
Air" cock`.

Defn: A faucet to allow escape of air.

AIR COOLING
Air cooling.

Defn: In gasoline-engine motor vehicles, the cooling of the cylinder
by increasing its radiating surface by means of ribs or radiators,
and placing it so that it is exposed to a current of air. Cf. Water
cooling. -- Air"-cooled`, a.

AIRCRAFT
Air"craft`, n. sing. & pl.

Defn: Any device, as a balloon, aëroplane, etc., for floating in, or
flying through, the air.

AIR-DRAWN
Air"-drawn", a.

Defn: Drawn in air; imaginary.
This is the air-drawn dagger. Shak.

AIR DRILL
Air" drill`.

Defn: A drill driven by the elastic pressure of condensed air; a
pneumatic drill. Knight.

AIR ENGINE
Air" engine`.

Defn: An engine driven by heated or by compressed air. Knight.

AIRER
Air"er, n.

1. One who exposes to the air.

2. A frame on which clothes are aired or dried.

AIR GAP
Air gap. (Physics)

Defn: An air-filled gap in a magnetic or electric circuit; specif.,
in a dynamo or motor, the space between the field-magnet poles and
the armature; clearance.

AIR GAS
Air" gas`.

Defn: See under Gas.

AIR GUN
Air" gun`.

Defn: A kind of gun in which the elastic force of condensed air is
used to discharge the ball. The air is powerfully compressed into a
reservoir attached to the gun, by a condensing pump, and is
controlled by a valve actuated by the trigger.

AIR HOLE
Air" hole`.

1. A hole to admit or discharge air; specifically, a spot in the ice
not frozen over.

2. (Founding)

Defn: A fault in a casting, produced by a bubble of air; a blowhole.

AIRILY
Air"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In an airy manner; lightly; gaily; jauntily; fippantly.

AIRINESS
Air"i*ness, n.

1. The state or quality of being airy; openness or exposure to the
air; as, the airiness of a country seat.

2. Lightness of spirits; gayety; levity; as, the airiness of young
persons.

AIRING
Air"ing, n.

1. A walk or a ride in the open air; a short excursion for health's
sake.

2. An exposure to air, or to a fire, for warming, drying, etc.; as,
the airing of linen, or of a room.

AIR JACKET
Air" jack`et.

Defn: A jacket having air-tight cells, or cavities which can be
filled with air, to render persons buoyant in swimming.

AIRLESS
Air"less, a.

Defn: Not open to a free current of air; wanting fresh air, or
communication with the open air.

AIR LEVEL
Air" lev`el.

Defn: Spirit level. See Level.

AIRLIKE
Air"like`, a.

Defn: Resembling air.

AIR LINE
Air line.

Defn: A path through the air made easy for aërial navigation by
steady winds.

AIRLING
Air"ling, n.

Defn: A thoughtless, gay person. [Obs.] "Slight airlings." B. Jonson.

AIRMAN
Air"man, n.

Defn: A man who ascends or flies in an aircraft; a flying machine
pilot.

AIRMANSHIP
Air"man*ship, n.

Defn: Art, skill, or ability in the practice of aërial navigation.

AIROL
Air"ol, n. (Pharm.)

Defn: A grayish green antiseptic powder, consisting of a basic iodide
and gallate of bismuth, sometimes used in place of iodoform. [A
Trademark]

AIROMETER
Air*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Air + -meter.]

Defn: A hollow cylinder to contain air. It is closed above and open
below, and has its open end plunged into water.

AIR PIPE
Air" pipe`.

Defn: A pipe for the passage of air; esp. a ventilating pipe.

AIR PLANT
Air" plant`. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant deriving its sustenance from the air alone; an
aërophyte.

Note: The "Florida moss" (Tillandsia), many tropical orchids, and
most mosses and lichens are air plants. Those which are lodged upon
trees, but not parasitic on them, are epiphytes.

AIR POISE
Air" poise`. Etym: [See Poise.]

Defn: A

AIR PUMP
Air" pump`.

1. (Physics)

Defn: A kind of pump for exhausting air from a vessel or closed
space; also, a pump to condense air of force in into a closed space.

2. (Steam Engines)

Defn: A pump used to exhaust from a condenser the condensed steam,
the water used for condensing, and any commingled air.

AIR SAC
Air" sac`. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the spaces in different parts. of the bodies of birds,
which are filled with air and connected with the air passages of the
lungs; an air cell.

AIR SHAFT
Air" shaft`.

Defn: A passage, usually vertical, for admitting fresh air into a
mine or a tunnel.

AIRSICK
Air`sick`, a.

Defn: Affected with aërial sickness. -- Air"sick`ness, n.

AIR-SLACKED
Air"-slacked`, a.

Defn: Slacked, or pulverized, by exposure to the air; as, air-slacked
lime.

AIR STOVE
Air" stove`.

Defn: A stove for heating a current of air which is directed against
its surface by means of pipes, and then distributed through a
building.

AIR-TIGHT
Air"-tight`, a.

Defn: So tight as to be impermeable to air; as, an air-tight
cylinder.

AIR-TIGHT
Air"-tight`, n.

Defn: A stove the draft of which can be almost entirely shut off.
[Colloq. U. S.]

AIR VESSEL
Air" ves`sel.

Defn: A vessel, cell, duct, or tube containing or conducting air; as
the air vessels of insects, birds, plants, etc.; the air vessel of a
pump, engine, etc. For the latter, see Air chamber. The air vessels
of insects are called tracheæ, of plants spiral vessels.

AIRWARD; AIRWARDS
Air"ward, Air"wards, adv.

Defn: Toward the air; upward. [R.] Keats.

AIRWOMAN
Air"wom`an, n.

Defn: A woman who ascends or flies in an aircraft.

AIRY
Air"y, a.

1. Consisting of air; as, an airy substance; the airy parts of
bodies.

2. Relating or belonging to air; high in air; aërial; as, an airy
flight. "The airy region." Milton.

3. Open to a free current of air; exposed to the air; breezy; as, an
airy situation.

4. Resembling air; thin; unsubstantial; not material; airlike. "An
airy spirit." Shak.

5. Relating to the spirit or soul; delicate; graceful; as, airy
music.

6. Without reality; having no solid foundation; empty; trifling;
visionary. "Airy fame." Shak.
Empty sound, and airy notions. Roscommon.

7. Light of heart; vivacious; sprightly; flippant; superficial.
"Merry and airy." Jer. Taylor.

8. Having an affected manner; being in the habit of putting on airs;
affectedly grand. [Colloq.]

9. (Paint.)

Defn: Having the light and aërial tints true to nature. Elmes.

AISLE
Aisle, n. Etym: [OF. ele, F. aile, wing, wing of a building, L. ala,
contr. fr. axilla.] (Arch.)
(a) A lateral division of a building, separated from the middle part,
called the nave, by a row of columns or piers, which support the roof
or an upper wall containing windows, called the clearstory wall.
(b) Improperly used also for the have; -- as in the phrases, a church
with three aisles, the middle aisle.
(c) Also (perhaps from confusion with alley), a passage into which
the pews of a church open.

AISLED
Aisled, a.

Defn: Furnished with an aisle or aisles.

AISLESS
Ais"less, a.

Defn: Without an aisle.

AIT
Ait, n. Etym: [AS. ieg, ig, island. See Eyot.]

Defn: An islet, or little isle, in a river or lake; an eyot.
The ait where the osiers grew. R. Hodges (1649).
Among green aits and meadows. Dickens.

AIT
Ait, n.

Defn: Oat. [Scot.] Burns.

AITCH
Aitch, n.

Defn: The letter h or H.

AITCHBONE
Aitch"bone`, n. Etym: [For nachebone. For loss of n, cf. Adder. See
Natch.]

Defn: The bone of the rump; also, the cut of beef surrounding this
bone. [Spelt also edgebone.]

AITIOLOGY
Ai`ti*ol"o*gy, n.

Defn: See Ætiology.

AJAR
A*jar", adv. Etym: [OE. on char ajar, on the turn; AS. cerr, cyrr,
turn, akin to G. kehren to turn, and to D. akerre. See Char.]

Defn: Slightly turned or opened; as, the door was standing ajar.

AJAR
A*jar", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + jar.]

Defn: In a state of discord; out of harmony; as, he is ajar with the
world.

AJAVA
Aj"a*va, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Ajouan.

AJOG
A*jog", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + jog.]

Defn: On the jog.

AJOUAN; AJOWAN
Aj"ou*an  Aj"ow*an, n. [Written also ajwain.] [Prob. native name.]
(Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of Ammi Copticum, syn. Carum Ajowan, used both as a
medicine and as a condiment. An oil containing thymol is extracted
from it. Called also Javanee seed, Javanese seed, and ajava.

AJUTAGE
Aj"u*tage, n. Etym: [F. ajutage, for ajoutage, fr. ajouter to add,
LL. adjuxtare, fr. L. ad + juxta near to, nigh. Cf. Adjutage,
Adjustage, Adjust.]

Defn: A tube through which is water is discharged; an efflux tube;
as, the ajutage of a fountain.

AKE
Ake, n. & v.

Defn: See Ache.

AKENE
A*kene", n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Achene.

AKETON
Ak"e*ton, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Acton.

AKIMBO
A*kim"bo, a. Etym: [Etymology unknown. Cf. Kimbo.]

Defn: With a crook or bend; with the hand on the hip and elbow turned
outward. "With one arm akimbo." Irving.

AKIN
A*kin", a. Etym: [Pref. a- (for of) + kin.]

1. Of the same kin; related by blood; -- used of persons; as, the two
families are near akin.

2. Allied by nature; partaking of the same properties; of the same
kind. "A joy akin to rapture." Cowper.
The literary character of the work is akin to its moral character.
Jeffrey.

Note: This adjective is used only after the noun.

AKINESIA
Ak`i*ne"si*a, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Paralysis of the motor nerves; loss of movement. Foster.

AKINESIC
Ak`i*ne"sic, a. (med.)

Defn: Pertaining to akinesia.

AKNEE
A*knee", adv.

Defn: On the knee. [R.] Southey.

AKNOW
Ak*now".

Defn: Earlier form of Acknow. [Obs.] To be aknow, to acknowledge; to
confess. [Obs.]

AL
Al, a.

Defn: All. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AL-
Al-. A prefix. (a) Etym: [AS. eal.]

Defn: All; wholly; completely; as, almighty,almost. (b) Etym: [L.
ad.]

Defn: To; at; on; -- in OF. shortened to a-. See Ad-.
(c) The Arabic definite article answering to the English the; as,
Alkoran, the Koran or the Book; alchemy, the chemistry.

AL
Al. conj.

Defn: Although; if. [Obs.] See All, conj.

ALA
A"la, n.; pl. Alæ. Etym: [L., a wing.] (Biol.)

Defn: A winglike organ, or part.

ALABAMA PERIOD
Al`a*ba"ma pe"ri*od. (Geol.)

Defn: A period in the American eocene, the lowest in the tertiary age
except the lignitic.

ALABASTER
Al"a*bas"ter, n. Etym: [L. alabaster, Gr. Alabastron, the name of a
town in Egypt, near which it was common: cf. OF. alabastre, F.
albâtre.]

1. (Min.)
(a) A compact variety or sulphate of lime, or gypsum, of fine
texture, and usually white and translucent, but sometimes yellow,
red, or gray. It is carved into vases, mantel ornaments, etc.
(b) A hard, compact variety of carbonate of lime, somewhat
translucent, or of banded shades of color; stalagmite. The name is
used in this sense by Pliny. It is sometimes distinguished as
oriental alabaster.

2. A box or vessel for holding odoriferous ointments, etc.; -- so
called from the stone of which it was originally made. Fosbroke.

ALABASTRIAN
Al`a*bas"tri*an, a.

Defn: Alabastrine.

ALABASTRINE
Al`a*bas"trine, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, alabaster; as alabastrine limbs.

ALABASTRUM
Al`a*bas"trum, n.; pl. Alabastra. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A flower bud. Gray.

ALACK
A*lack", interj. Etym: [Prob. from ah! lack! OE. lak loss, failure,
misfortune. See Lack.]

Defn: An exclamation expressive of sorrow. [Archaic. or Poet.] Shak.

ALACKADAY
A*lack"a*day`, interj. Etym: [For alack the day. Cf. Lackaday.]

Defn: An exclamation expressing sorrow.

Note: Shakespeare has "alack the day" and "alack the heavy day."
Compare "woe worth the day."

ALACRIFY
A*lac"ri*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. alacer, alacris, lively + -fly.]

Defn: To rouse to action; to inspirit.

ALACRIOUS
A*lac"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. alacer, alacris.]

Defn: Brisk; joyously active; lively.
'T were well if we were a little more alacrious. Hammond.

ALACRIOUSLY
A*lac"ri*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: With alacrity; briskly.

ALACRIOUSNESS
A*lac"ri*ous*ness, n.

Defn: Alacrity. [Obs.] Hammond.

ALACRITY
A*lac"ri*ty, n. Etym: [L. alacritas, fr. alacer lively, eager, prob.
akin to Gr. aljan zeal.]

Defn: A cheerful readiness, willingness, or promptitude; joyous
activity; briskness; sprightliness; as, the soldiers advanced with
alacrity to meet the enemy.
I have not that alacrity of spirit, Nor cheer of mind that I was wont
to have. Shak.

ALADINIST
A*lad"in*ist, n. Etym: [From Aladin, for Ala Eddin, i. e., height of
religion, a learned divine under Mohammed II. and Bajazet II.]

Defn: One of a sect of freethinkers among the Mohammedans.

ALALIA
A*la"li*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  priv. +  a talking; cf.  speechless.]
(Med.)

Defn: Inability to utter articulate sounds, due either to paralysis
of the larynx or to that form of aphasia, called motor, or ataxis,
aphasia, due to loss of control of the muscles of speech.

ALALONGA; ALILONGHI
Al`a*lon"ga, or Al`i*lon"ghi, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tunny. See Albicore.

ALAMIRE
A`la*mi"re, n. Etym: [Compounded of a la mi re, names of notes in the
musical scale.]

Defn: The lowest note but one in Guido Aretino's scale of music.

ALAMODALITY
Al`a*mo*dal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being à la mode; conformity to the mode or
fashion; fashionableness. [R.] Southey.

ALAMODE
Al"a*mode`, adv. & a. Etym: [F. à la mode after the fashion.]

Defn: According to the fashion or prevailing mode. "Alamode beef
shops." Macaulay.

ALAMODE
Al"a*mode`, n.

Defn: A thin, black silk for hoods, scarfs, etc.; -- often called
simply mode. Buchanan.

ALAMORT
Al`a*mort", a. Etym: [F. à la mort to the death. Cf. Amort.]

Defn: To the death; mortally.

ALAN
A*lan", n. Etym: [OF. alan, alant; cf. Sp. alano.]

Defn: A wolfhound. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ALAND
A*land", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + land.]

Defn: On land; to the land; ashore. "Cast aland." Sir P. Sidney.

ALANINE
Al"a*nine, n. Etym: [Aldehyde + the ending -ine. The -n- is a
euphonic insertion.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline base, C3H7NO2, derived from aldehyde
ammonia.

ALANTIN
A*lan"tin, n. Etym: [G. alant elecampane, the Inula helenium of
Linnæus.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Inulin.

ALAR
A"lar, a. Etym: [L. alarius, fr. ala wing: cf. F. alaire.]

1. Pertaining to, or having, wings.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Axillary; in the fork or axil. Gray.

ALARM
A*larm", n. Etym: [F. alarme, It. all' arme to arms ! fr. L. arma,
pl., arms. See Arms, and cf. Alarum.]

1. A summons to arms, as on the approach of an enemy.
Arming to answer in a night alarm. Shak.

2. Any sound or information intended to give notice of approaching
danger; a warming sound to arouse attention; a warning of danger.
Sound an alarm in my holy mountain. Joel ii. 1.

3. A sudden attack; disturbance; broil. [R.] "These home alarms."
Shak.
Thy palace fill with insults and alarms. Pope.

4. Sudden surprise with fear or terror excited by apprehension of
danger; in the military use, commonly, sudden apprehension of being
attacked by surprise.
Alarm and resentment spread throughout the camp. Macaulay.

5. A mechanical contrivance for awaking persons from sleep, or
rousing their attention; an alarum. Alarm bell, a bell that gives
notice on danger.
 -- Alarm clock or watch, a clock or watch which can be so set as to
ring or strike loudly at a prearranged hour, to wake from sleep, or
excite attention.
 -- Alarm gauge, a contrivance attached to a steam boiler for showing
when the pressure of steam is too high, or the water in the boiler
too low.
 -- Alarm post, a place to which troops are to repair in case of an
alarm.

Syn.
 -- Fright; affright; terror; trepidation; apprehension;
consternation; dismay; agitation; disquiet; disquietude.
 -- Alarm, Fright, Terror, Consternation. These words express
different degrees of fear at the approach of danger. Fright is fear
suddenly excited, producing confusion of the senses, and hence it is
unreflecting. Alarm is the hurried agitation of feeling which springs
from a sense of immediate and extreme exposure. Terror is agitating
and excessive fear, which usually benumbs the faculties.
Consternation is overwhelming fear, and carries a notion of
powerlessness and amazement. Alarm agitates the feelings; terror
disorders the understanding and affects the will; fright seizes on
and confuses the sense; consternation takes possession of the soul,
and subdues its faculties. See Apprehension.

ALARM
A*larm", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alarmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Alarming.]
Etym: [Alarm, n. Cf. F. alarmer.]

1. To call to arms for defense; to give notice to (any one) of
approaching danger; to rouse to vigilance and action; to put on the
alert.

2. To keep in excitement; to disturb.

3. To surprise with apprehension of danger; to fill with anxiety in
regard to threatening evil; to excite with sudden fear.
Alarmed by rumors of military preparation. Macaulay.

ALARMABLE
A*larm"a*ble, a.

Defn: Easily alarmed or disturbed.

ALARMED
A*larmed", a.

Defn: Aroused to vigilance; excited by fear of approaching danger;
agitated; disturbed; as, an alarmed neighborhood; an alarmed modesty.
The white pavilions rose and fell On the alarmed air. Longfellow.

ALARMEDLY
A*larm"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In an alarmed manner.

ALARMING
A*larm"ing, a.

Defn: Exciting, or calculated to excite, alarm; causing apprehension
of danger; as, an alarming crisis or report.
 -- A*larm"ing*ly, adv.

ALARMIST
A*larm"ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alarmiste.]

Defn: One prone to sound or excite alarms, especially, needless
alarms. Macaulay.

ALARUM
A*lar"um, n. Etym: [OE. alarom, the same word as alarm, n.]

Defn: See Alarm. [Now Poetic]

Note: The variant form alarum is now commonly restricted to an alarm
signal or the mechanism to sound an alarm (as in an alarm clock.)

ALARY
Al"a*ry, a. Etym: [L. alarius, fr. ala wing.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to wings; also, wing-shaped.
The alary system of insects. Wollaston.

ALAS
A*las", interj. Etym: [OE. alas, allas, OF. alas, F. hélas; a interj.
(L. ah.) + las wretched (that I am), L. lassus weary, akin to E.
late. See Late.]

Defn: An exclamation expressive of sorrow, pity, or apprehension of
evil; -- in old writers, sometimes followed by day or white; alas the
day, like alack a day, or alas the white.

ALATE
A*late", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + late.]

Defn: Lately; of late. [Archaic]
There hath been alate such tales spread abroad. Latimer.

ALATE; ALATED
A"late, A"la*ted, a. Etym: [L. alatus, from ala wing.]

Defn: Winged; having wings, or side appendages like wings.

ALATERN; ALATERNUS
Al"a*tern, Al`a*ter"nus, n. Etym: [L. ala wing + terni three each.]
(Bot.)

Defn: An ornamental evergreen shrub (Rhamnus alaternus) belonging to
the buckthorns.

ALATION
A*la"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. alatus winged.]

Defn: The state of being winged.

ALAUNT
A*launt", n.

Defn: See Alan. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ALB
Alb, n. Etym: [OE. albe, LL. alba, fr. L. albus white. Cf. Album and
Aube.]

Defn: A vestment of white linen, reaching to the feet, an enveloping
the person; -- in the Roman Catholic church, worn by those in holy
orders when officiating at mass. It was formerly worn, at least by
clerics, in daily life.

ALBACORE
Al"ba*core, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Albicore.

ALBAN
Al"ban, n. Etym: [L. albus white.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline resinous substance extracted from gutta-
percha by the action of alcohol or ether.

ALBANIAN
Al*ba"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Albania, a province of Turkey.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Albania.

ALBATA
Al*ba"ta, n. Etym: [L. albatus, p. p. of albare to make white, fr.
albus white.]

Defn: A white metallic alloy; which is made into spoons, forks,
teapots, etc. British plate or German silver. See German silver,
under German.

ALBATROSS
Al"ba*tross, n. Etym: [Corrupt. fr. Pg. alcatraz cormorant,
albatross, or Sp. alcatraz a pelican: cf. Pg. alcatruz, Sp. arcaduz,
a bucket, fr. Ar. al-qadus the bucket, fr. Gr. ka`dos, a water
vessel. So an Arabic term for pelican is water-carrier, as a bird
carrying water in its pouch.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A web-footed bird, of the genus Diomedea, of which there are
several species. They are the largest of sea birds, capable of long-
continued flight, and are often seen at great distances from the
land. They are found chiefly in the southern hemisphere.

ALBE; ALBEE
Al`be", Al`bee", conj. Etym: [See Albeit.]

Defn: Although; albeit. [Obs.]
Albe Clarissa were their chiefest founderess. Spenser.

ALBEDO
Al*be"do, n. Etym: [L., fr. albus white.]

Defn: Whiteness. Specifically: (Astron.) The ratio which the light
reflected from an unpolished surface bears to the total light falling
upon that surface.

ALBEIT
Al`be"it, conj. Etym: [OE. al be although it be, where al is our all.
Cf. Although.]

Defn: Even though; although; notwithstanding. Chaucer.
Albeit so masked, Madam, I love the truth. Tennyson.

ALBERTITE
Al"bert*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A bituminous mineral resembling asphaltum, found in the county
of A.

ALBERT WARE
Al"bert ware.

Defn: A soft ornamental terra-cotta pottery, sold in the biscuit
state for decorating.

ALBERTYPE
Al"ber*type, n. Etym: [From the name of the inventor, Albert, of
Munich.]

Defn: A picture printed from a kind of gelatine plate produced by
means of a photographic negative.

ALBESCENCE
Al*bes"cence, n.

Defn: The act of becoming white; whitishness.

ALBESCENT
Al*bes"cent, a. Etym: [L. albescens, p. pr. of albescere to grow
white, fr. albus white.]

Defn: Becoming white or whitish; moderately white.

ALBICANT
Al"bi*cant, a. Etym: [L. albicans, p. pr. of albicare, albicatum, to
be white, fr. albus white.]

Defn: Growing or becoming white.

ALBICATION
Al`bi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The process of becoming white, or developing white patches, or
streaks.

ALBICORE
Al"bi*core, n. Etym: [F. albicore (cf. Sp. albacora, Pg. albacor,
albacora, albecora), fr. Ar. bakr, bekr, a young camel, young cow,
heifer, and the article al: cf. Pg. bacoro a little pig.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name applied to several large fishes of the Mackerel family,
esp. Orcynus alalonga. One species (Orcynus thynnus), common in the
Mediterranean and Atlantic, is called in New England the horse
mackerel; the tunny. [Written also albacore.]

ALBIFICATION
Al`bi*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. albification: L. albus white +
ficare (only in comp.), facere, to make.]

Defn: The act or process of making white. [Obs.]

ALBIGENSES; ALBIGEOIS
Al`bi*gen"ses, Al`bi`geois", n. pl. Etym: [From Albi and Albigeois, a
town and its district in the south of France, in which the sect
abounded.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A sect of reformers opposed to the church of Rome in the 12th
centuries.

Note: The Albigenses were a branch of the Catharists (the pure). They
were exterminated by crusades and the Inquisition. They were distinct
from the Waldenses.

ALBIGENSIAN
Al`bi*gen"sian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Albigenses.

ALBINESS
Al*bi"ness, n.

Defn: A female albino. Holmes.

ALBINISM
Al"bi*nism, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being an albino: abinoism;
leucopathy.

ALBINISTIC
Al`bi*nis"tic, a.

Defn: Affected with albinism.

ALBINO
Al*bi"no, n.; pl. Albinos. Etym: [Sp. or Pg. albino, orig. whitish,
fr. albo white, L. albus.]

Defn: A person, whether negro, Indian, or white, in whom by some
defect of organization the substance which gives color to the skin,
hair, and eyes is deficient or in a morbid state. An albino has a
skin of a milky hue, with hair of the same color, and eyes with deep
red pupil and pink or blue iris. The term is also used of the lower
animals, as white mice, elephants, etc.; and of plants in a whitish
condition from the absence of chlorophyll. Amer. Cyc.

Note: The term was originally applied by the Portuguese to negroes
met with on the coast of Africa, who were mottled with white spots.

ALBINOISM
Al*bi"no*ism, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being an albino; albinism.

ALBINOTIC
Al`bi*not"ic, a.

Defn: Affected with albinism.

ALBION
Al"bi*on, n. Etym: [Prob. from the same root as Gael. alp a height or
hill. "It may have been bestowed on the land lying behind the white
cliffs visible from the coast of Gaul. Albany, the old name of
Scotland, means probably the "hilly land." I. Taylor.]

Defn: An ancient name of England, still retained in poetry.
In that nook-shotten isle of Albion. Shak.

ALBITE
Al"bite, n. Etym: [L. albus white.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of the feldspar family, triclinic in crystallization,
and in composition a silicate of alumina and soda. It is a common
constituent of granite and of various igneous rocks. See Feldspar.

ALBOLITH
Al"bo*lith, n. Etym: [L. albus white + -lith.]

Defn: A kind of plastic cement, or artificial stone, consisting
chiefly of magnesia and silica; -- called also albolite.

ALBORAK
Al"bo*rak, n. Etym: [Ar. al-buraq, fr. baraqa to flash, shine.]

Defn: The imaginary milk-white animal on which Mohammed was said to
have been carried up to heaven; a white mule.

ALB SUNDAY
Alb Sunday. (Eccl.)

Defn: The first Sunday after Easter Sunday, properly Albless Sunday,
because in the early church those who had been baptized on Easter eve
laid aside on the following Saturday their white albs which had been
put on after baptism.

ALBUGINEOUS
Al`bu*gin"e*ous, a. Etym: [See Albugo.]

Defn: Of the nature of, or resembling, the white of the eye, or of an
egg; albuminous; -- a term applied to textures, humors, etc., which
are perfectly white.

ALBUGO
Al*bu"go, n.; pl. Albugines. Etym: [L., whiteness, fr. albus white.]
(Med.)

Defn: Same as Leucoma.

ALBUM
Al"bum, n. Etym: [L., neut. of albus white: cf. F. album. Cf. Alb.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A white tablet on which anything was inscribed, as a list of
names, etc.

2. A register for visitors' names; a visitors' book.

3. A blank book, in which to insert autographs sketches, memorial
writing of friends, photographs, etc.

ALBUMEN
Al*bu"men, n. Etym: [L., fr. albus white.]

1. The white of an egg.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Nourishing matter stored up within the integuments of the seed
in many plants, but not incorporated in the embryo. It is the floury
part in corn, wheat, and like grains, the oily part in poppy seeds,
the fleshy part in the cocoanut, etc.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Albumin.

ALBUMENIZE
Al*bu"men*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Albumenized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Albumenizing.]

Defn: To cover or saturate with albumen; to coat or treat with an
albuminous solution; as, to albuminize paper.

ALBUM GRAECUM
Al"bum Græ"cum. Etym: [L., Greek white.]

Defn: Dung of dogs or hyenas, which becomes white by exposure to air.
It is used in dressing leather, and was formerly used in medicine.

ALBUMIN
Al*bu"min, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A thick, viscous nitrogenous substance, which is the chief and
characteristic constituent of white of eggs and of the serum of
blood, and is found in other animal substances, both fluid and solid,
also in many plants. It is soluble in water is coagulated by heat ad
by certain chemical reagents. Acid albumin, a modification of albumin
produced by the action of dilute acids. It is not coagulated by heat.
 -- Alkali albumin, albumin as modified by the action of alkaline
substances; -- called also albuminate.

ALBUMINATE
Al*bu"mi*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance produced by the action of an alkali upon albumin,
and resembling casein in its properties; also, a compound formed by
the union of albumin with another substance.

ALBUMINIFEROUS
Al*bu`mi*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. albumen + -ferous.]

Defn: Supplying albumen.

ALBUMINIMETER
Al*bu`mi*nim"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. albumen, albuminis + -meter: cf. F.
albuminimètre.]

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the quantity of albumen in a
liquid.

ALBUMININ
Al*bu"mi*nin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The substance of the cells which inclose the white of birds'
eggs.

ALBUMINIPAROUS
Al*bu`mi*nip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. albumen + parere to bear, bring
forth.]

Defn: Producing albumin.

ALBUMINOID
Al*bu"mi*noid, a. Etym: [L. albumen + -oid.] (Chem.)

Defn: Resembling albumin.
 -- n.

Defn: One of a class of organic principles (called also proteids)
which form the main part of organized tissues. Brunton.

ALBUMINOIDAL
Al*bu`mi*noid"al, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of the nature of an albuminoid.

ALBUMINOSE
Al*bu"mi*nose`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A diffusible substance formed from albumin by the action of
natural or artificial gastric juice. See Peptone.

ALBUMINOSIS
Al*bu`mi*no"sis, n. [NL., fr. E. albumin.] (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition due to excessive increase of albuminous
elements in the blood.

ALBUMINOUS; ALBUMINOSE
Al*bu"mi*nous, Al*bu"mi*nose`, a. Etym: [Cf. F. albumineux.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, albumen; having the properties
of, or resembling, albumen or albumin.
 -- Al*bu"mi*nous*ness, n.

ALBUMINURIA
Al*bu`mi*nu"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. albumen + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition in which albumin is present in the urine.

ALBUMOSE
Al"bu*mose`, n. Etym: [From albumin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound or class of compounds formed from albumin by dilute
acids or by an acid solution of pepsin. Used also in combination, as
antialbumose, hemialbumose.

ALBURN
Al"burn, n. Etym: [L. alburnus, fr. L. albus white. Cf. Auburn.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The bleak, a small European fish having scales of a peculiarly
silvery color which are used in making artificial pearls.

ALBURNOUS
Al*bur"nous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to alburnum; of the alburnum; as, alburnous
substances.

ALBURNUM
Al*bur"num, n. Etym: [L., fr. albus white.] (Bot.)

Defn: The white and softer part of wood, between the inner bark and
the hard wood or duramen; sapwood.

ALBYN
Al"byn, n. Etym: [See Albion.]

Defn: Scotland; esp. the Highlands of Scotland. T. Cambell.

ALCADE
Al*cade", n.

Defn: Same as Alcaid.

ALCAHEST
Al"ca*hest, n.

Defn: Same as Alkahest.

ALCAIC
Al*ca"ic, a. Etym: [L. Alcaïcus, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to Alcæus, a lyric poet of Mitylene, about 6000 b.
c.
 -- n. A kind of verse, so called from Alcæus. One variety consists
of five feet, a spondee or iambic, an iambic, a long syllable, and
two dactyls.

ALCAID; ALCAYDE
Al*caid", Al*cayde", n. Etym: [Sp. alcaide, fr. Ar. al-qa\'c6d
governor, fr. qada to lead, govern.]

1. A commander of a castle or fortress among the Spaniards,
Portuguese, and Moors.

2. The warden, or keeper of a jail.

ALCALDE
Al*cal"de, n. Etym: [Sp. alcalde, fr. Ar. al-qadi judge, fr. qada to
decide, judge. Hence, the cadi of the Turks. Cf. Cadi.]

Defn: A magistrate or judge in Spain and in Spanish America, etc.
Prescott.

Note: Sometimes confounded with Alcaid.

ALCALDIA
Al`cal*di"a, n. [Sp. Alcaldía.]

Defn: The jurisdiction or office of an alcalde; also, the building or
chamber in which he conducts the business of his office.

ALCALIMETER
Al`ca*lim"e*ter, n.

Defn: See Alkalimeter.

ALCANNA
Al*can"na, n. Etym: [Sp. alcana, alhe, fr. Ar. al-hinna. See Henna,
and cf. Alkanet.] (Bot.)

Defn: An oriental shrub (Lawsonia inermis) from which henna is
obtained.

ALCARRAZA
Al`car*ra"za, n.; pl. Alcarrazas. Etym: [Sp., from Ar. al-kurraz
earthen vessel.]

Defn: A vessel of porous earthenware, used for cooling liquids by
evaporation from the exterior surface.

ALCAYDE
Al*cayde", n.

Defn: Same as Alcaid.

ALCAZAR
Al*ca"zar, n. Etym: [ fr. Ar. al the + qacr (in pl.) a castle.]

Defn: A fortress; also, a royal palace. Prescott.

ALCEDO
Al*ce"do, n. Etym: [L., equiv. to Gr. Halcyon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of perching birds, including the European kingfisher
(Alcedo ispida). See Halcyon.

ALCHEMIC; ALCHEMICAL
Al*chem"ic, Al*chem"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. alchimique.]

Defn: Of or relating to alchemy.

ALCHEMICALLY
Al*chem"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of alchemy.

ALCHEMIST
Al"che*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. alquemiste, F. alchimiste.]

Defn: One who practices alchemy.
You are alchemist; make gold. Shak.

ALCHEMISTIC; ALCHEMISTICAL
Al`che*mis"tic, Al`che*mis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to or practicing alchemy.
Metaphysical and alchemistical legislators. Burke.

ALCHEMISTRY
Al"che*mis*try, n.

Defn: Alchemy. [Obs.]

ALCHEMIZE
Al"che*mize, v. t.

Defn: To change by alchemy; to transmute. Lovelace.

ALCHEMY
Al"che*my, n. Etym: [OF. alkemie, arquemie, F. alchimie, Ar. al-
kimia, fr. late Gr. alquimia, It. alchimia. Gr. fundere to pour,
Goth. guitan, AS. geótan, to pour, and so to E. fuse. See Fuse, and
cf. Chemistry.]

1. An imaginary art which aimed to transmute the baser metals into
gold, to find the panacea, or universal remedy for diseases, etc. It
led the way to modern chemistry.

2. A mixed metal composed mainly of brass, formerly used for various
utensils; hence, a trumpet. [Obs.]
Put to their mouths the sounding alchemy. Milton.

3. Miraculous power of transmuting something common into something
precious.
Kissing with golden face the meadows green, Gilding pale streams with
heavenly alchemy. Shak.

ALCHYMIC; ALCHYMIST; ALCHYMISTIC; ALCHYMY
Al*chym"ic, a., Al"chy*mist, n., Al`chy*mis"tic, a., Al"chy*my, n.

Defn: See Alchemic, Alchemist, Alchemistic, Alchemy.

ALCO
Al"co, n.

Defn: A small South American dog, domesticated by the aborigines.

ALCOATE; ALCOHATE
Al"co*ate, Al"co*hate, n.

Defn: Shortened forms of Alcoholate.

ALCOHOL
Al"co*hol, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alcool, formerly written alcohol, Sp.
alcohol alcohol, antimony, galena, OSp. alcofol; all fr. Ar. al-kohl
a powder of antimony or galena, to paint the eyebrows with. The name
was afterwards applied, on account of the fineness of this powder, to
highly rectified spirits, a signification unknown in Arabia. The Sp.
word has bot meanings. Cf. Alquifou.]

1. An impalpable powder. [Obs.]

2. The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by distillation. [Obs.]
Boyle.

3. Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified spirit (called also
ethyl alcohol); the spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented
or distilled liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it in
considerable quantity. It is extracted by simple distillation from
various vegetable juices and infusions of a saccharine nature, which
have undergone vinous fermentation.

Note: As used in the U. S. "Pharmacopoeia, alcohol contains 91 per
cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 9 per cent of water; and diluted
alcohol (proof spirit) contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl
alcohol and 54.5 per cent of water.

4. (Organic Chem.)

Defn: A class of compounds analogous to vinic alcohol in
constitution. Chemically speaking, they are hydroxides of certain
organic radicals; as, the radical ethyl forms common or ethyl alcohol
(C2H5OH); methyl forms methyl alcohol (CH3.OH) or wood spirit; amyl
forms amyl alcohol (C5H11.OH) or fusel oil, etc.

ALCOHOLATE
Al"co*hol*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alcolaie.] (Chem.)

Defn: A crystallizable compound of a salt with alcohol, in which the
latter plays a part analogous to that of water of crystallization.
Graham.

ALCOHOLATURE
Al`co*hol"a*ture, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alcoolature.] (Med.)

Defn: An alcoholic tincture prepared with fresh plants. New Eng.
Dict.

ALCOHOLIC
Al`co*hol"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. alcolique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to alcohol, or partaking of its qualities;
derived from, or caused by, alcohol; containing alcohol; as,
alcoholic mixtures; alcoholic gastritis; alcoholic odor.

ALCOHOLIC
Al`co*hol"ic, n.

1. A person given to the use of alcoholic liquors.

2. pl.

Defn: Alcoholic liquors.

ALCOHOLISM
Al"co*hol*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alcoolisme.] (Med.)

Defn: A diseased condition of the system, brought about by the
continued use of alcoholic liquors.

ALCOHOLIZATION
Al`co*hol`i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alcoolisation.]

1. The act of reducing a substance to a fine or impalpable powder.
[Obs.] Johnson.

2. The act rectifying spirit.

3. Saturation with alcohol; putting the animal system under the
influence of alcoholic liquor.

ALCOHOLIZE
Al"co*hol*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alcoholized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Alcoholizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. alcooliser.]

1. To reduce to a fine powder. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. To convert into alcohol; to rectify; also, to saturate with
alcohol.

ALCOHOLOMETER; ALCOHOLMETER
Al`co*hol*om"e*ter, Al`co*hol"me*ter, n. Etym: [Alcohol + -meter.]
(Chem.)

Defn: An instrument for determining the strength of spirits, with a
scale graduated so as to indicate the percentage of pure alcohol,
either by weight or volume. It is usually a form of hydrometer with a
special scale.

ALCOHOLOMETRIC; ALCOHOLOMETRICAL; ALCOHOLMETRICAL
Al`co*hol`o*met"ric, Al`co*hol`o*met"ric*al, Al`co*hol*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Relating to the alcoholometer or alcoholometry.
The alcoholometrical strength of spirituous liquors. Ure.

ALCOHOLOMETRY
Al`co*hol"om"e*try, n.

Defn: The process or method of ascertaining the proportion of pure
alcohol which spirituous liquors contain.

ALCOHOMETER; ALCOHOMETRIC
Al`co*hom"e*ter, n., Al`co*ho*met"ric, a.

Defn: Same as Alcoholometer, Alcoholometric.

ALCOOMETRY; ALCOOEMETRY
Al`co*öm"e*try, n.

Defn: See Alcoholometry.

Note: The chemists say alcomètre, alcoomètrie, doubtless by the
suppression of a syllable in order to avoid a disagreeable sequence
of sounds. (Cf. Idolatry.) Littré.

ALCORAN
Al"co*ran, n. Etym: [alcoran, fr. Ar. al-qoran, orig. the reading,
the book, fr. qaraa to read. Cf. Koran.]

Defn: The Mohammedan Scriptures; the Koran (now the usual form).
[Spelt also Alcoran.]

ALCORANIC
Al`co*ran"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Koran.

ALCORANIST
Al`co*ran"ist, n.

Defn: One who adheres to the letter of the Koran, rejecting all
traditions.

ALCORNOQUE
Al`cor*no"que, n. [Sp., cork tree.]

Defn: The bark of several trees, esp. of Bowdichia virgilioides of
Brazil, used as a remedy for consumption; of Byrsonima crassifolia,
used in tanning; of Alchornea latifolia, used medicinally; or of
Quercus ilex, the cork tree.

ALCOVE
Al"cove, n. Etym: [F. alcôve, Sp. or Pg. alcoba, from Ar. al-quobbah
arch, vault, tent.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A recessed portion of a room, or a small room opening into a
larger one; especially, a recess to contain a bed; a lateral recess
in a library.

2. A small ornamental building with seats, or an arched seat, in a
pleasure ground; a garden bower. Cowper.

3. Any natural recess analogous to an alcove or recess in an
apartment.
The youthful wanderers found a wild alcove. Falconer.

ALCYON
Al"cy*on, n.

Defn: See Halcyon.

ALCYONACEA
Al`cy*o*na"ce*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of soft-bodied Alcyonaria, of which Alcyonium is the
type. See Illust. under Alcyonaria.

ALCYONARIA
Al`cy*o*na"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the orders of Anthozoa. It includes the Alcyonacea,
Pennatulacea, and Gorgonacea.

ALCYONES
Al*cy"o*nes, n. pl. Etym: [L., pl. of Alcyon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The kingfishers.

ALCYONIC
Al`cy*on"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Alcyonaria.

ALCYONIUM
Al`cy*o"ni*um, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fleshy Alcyonaria, its polyps somewhat resembling
flowers with eight fringed rays. The term was also formerly used for
certain species of sponges.

ALCYONOID
Al"cy*o*noid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the Alcyonaria.
 -- n.

Defn: A zoöphyte of the order Alcyonaria.

ALDAY
Al"day, adv.

Defn: Continually. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ALDEBARAN
Al*deb"a*ran, n. Etym: [Ar. al-debaran, fr. dabar to follow; so
called because this star follows upon the Pleiades.] (Astron.)

Defn: A red star of the first magnitude, situated in the eye of
Taurus; the Bull's Eye. It is the bright star in the group called the
Hyades.
Now when Aldebaran was mounted high Above the shiny Cassiopeia's
chair. Spenser.

ALDEHYDE
Al"de*hyde, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. alcohol dehydrogenatum, alcohol
deprived of its hydrogen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, mobile, and very volatile liquid obtained from
alcohol by certain of oxidation.

Note: The aldehydes are intermediate between the alcohols and acids,
and differ from the alcohols in having two less hydrogen atoms in the
molecule, as common aldehyde (called also acetic aldehyde or ethyl
aldehyde), C2H4O; methyl aldehyde, CH2O. Aldehyde ammonia (Chem.), a
compound formed by the union of aldehyde with ammonia.

ALDEHYDIC
Al`de*hy"dic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to aldehyde; as, aldehydic acid. Miller.

ALDER
Al"der, n. Etym: [OE. aldir, aller, fr. AS. alr, aler, alor, akin to
D. els, G. erle, Icel. erlir, erli, Swed. al, Dan. elle, el, L.
alnus, and E. elm.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tree, usually growing in moist land, and belonging to the
genus Alnus. The wood is used by turners, etc.; the bark by dyers and
tanners. In the U. S. the species of alder are usually shrubs or
small trees. Black alder. (a) A European shrub (Rhamnus frangula);
Alder buckthorn. (b) An American species of holly (Ilex
verticillata), bearing red berries.

ALDER; ALLER
Al"der, Al"ler, a. Etym: [From ealra, alra, gen. pl. of AS. eal. The
d is excrescent.]

Defn: Of all; -- used in composition; as, alderbest, best of all,
alderwisest, wisest of all. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ALDER FLY
Al"der fly.

1. Any of numerous neuropterous insects of the genus Sialis or allied
genera. They have aquatic larvæ, which are used for bait.

2.  (Angling) An artificial fly with brown mottled wings, body of
peacock harl, and black legs.

ALDER-LIEFEST
Al`der-lief"est, a. Etym: [For allerliefest dearest of all. See
Lief.]

Defn: Most beloved. [Obs.] Shak.

ALDERMAN
Al"der*man, n.; pl. Aldplwmen. Etym: [AS. aldormon, ealdorman; ealdor
an elder + man. See Elder, n.]

1. A senior or superior; a person of rank or dignity. [Obs.]

Note: The title was applied, among the Anglo-Saxons, to princes,
dukes, earls, senators, and presiding magistrates; also to
archbishops and bishops, implying superior wisdom or authority. Thus
Ethelstan, duke of the East-Anglians, was called Alderman of all
England; and there were aldermen of cities, counties, and castles,
who had jurisdiction within their respective districts.

3. One of a board or body of municipal officers next in order to the
mayor and having a legislative function. They may, in some cases,
individually exercise some magisterial and administrative functions.

ALDERMANCY
Al"der*man*cy, n.

Defn: The office of an alderman.

ALDERMANIC
Al"der*man"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to, becoming to, or like, an alderman; characteristic
of an alderman.

ALDERMANITY
Al`der*man"i*ty, n.

1. Aldermen collectively; the body of aldermen.

2. The state of being an alderman. [Jocular]

ALDERMANLIKE
Al`der*man*like`, a.

Defn: Like or suited to an alderman.

ALDERMANLY
Al"der*man*ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, an alderman.

ALDERMANLY
Al"der*man*ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, an alderman. "An aldermanly
discretion." Swift.

ALDERMANRY
Al"der*man*ry, n.

1. The district or ward of an alderman.

2. The office or rank of an alderman. [R.] B. Jonson.

ALDERMANSHIP
Al"der*man*ship, n.

Defn: The condition, position, or office of an alderman. Fabyan.

ALDERN
Al"dern, a.

Defn: Made of alder.

ALDERNEY
Al"der*ney, n.

Defn: One of a breed of cattle raised in Alderney, one of the Channel
Islands. Alderneys are of a dun or tawny color and are often called
Jersey cattle. See Jersey, 3.

ALDINE
Al"dine, a. (Bibliog.)

Defn: An epithet applied to editions (chiefly of the classics) which
proceeded from the press of Aldus Manitius, and his family, of
Venice, for the most part in the 16th century and known by the sign
of the anchor and the dolphin. The term has also been applied to
certain elegant editions of English works.

ALDOL
Al"dol, n.  [Aldehyde + -ol as in alcohol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless liquid, C4H8O2, obtained by condensation of two
molecules of acetaldehyde: CH3CHO + CH3CHO = H3CH(OH)CH2CO; also, any
of various derivatives of this. The same reaction has been applied,
under the name of aldol condensation, to the production of many
compounds.

ALE
Ale, n. Etym: [AS. ealu, akin to Icel., Sw., and Dan. öl, Lith. alus
a kind of beer, OSlav. ol beer. Cf. Ir. ol drink, drinking.]

1. An intoxicating liquor made from an infusion of malt by
fermentation and the addition of a bitter, usually hops.

Note: The word ale, in England and the United States, usually
designates a heavier kind of fermented liquor, and the word beer a
lighter kind. The word beer is also in common use as the generic name
for all malt liquors.

2. A festival in English country places, so called from the liquor
drunk. "At wakes and ales." B. Jonson."On ember eves and holy ales."
Shak.

ALEAK
A*leak", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + leak.]

Defn: In a leaking condition.

ALEATORY
A"le*a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. aleatorius, fr. alea chance, die.] (Law)

Defn: Depending on some uncertain contingency; as, an aleatory
contract. Bouvier.

ALEBENCH
Ale"bench`, n.

Defn: A bench in or before an alehouse. Bunyan.

ALEBERRY
Ale"ber`ry, n. Etym: [OE. alebery, alebrey; ale + bre broth, fr. AS.
briw pottage.]

Defn: A beverage, formerly made by boiling ale with spice, sugar, and
sops of bread.
Their aleberries, caudles, possets. Beau. & Fl.

ALECITHAL
A*lec"i*thal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Applied to those ova which segment uniformly, and which have
little or no food yelk embedded in their protoplasm. Balfour.

ALECONNER
Ale"con`ner, n. Etym: [/Ale + con, OE. cunnen to test, AS. cunnian to
test. See Con.]

Defn: Orig., an officer appointed to look to the goodness of ale and
beer; also, one of the officers chosen by the liverymen of London to
inspect the measures used in public houses. But the office is a
sinecure. [Also called aletaster.] [Eng.]

ALECOST
Ale"cost`, n. Etym: [Ale + L. costus an aromatic plant: cf.
Costmary.] (Bot.)

Defn: The plant costmary, which was formerly much used for flavoring
ale.

ALECTORIDES
Al`ec*tor"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of birds including the common fowl and the pheasants.

ALECTOROMACHY
A*lec`to*rom"a*chy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Cockfighting.

ALECTOROMANCY
A*lec"to*ro*man`cy, n.

Defn: See Alectryomancy.

ALECTRYOMACHY
A*lec`try*oma*chy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Cockfighting.

ALECTRYOMANCY
A*lec"try*o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by means of a cock and grains of corn placed on the
letters of the alphabet, the letters being put together in the order
in which the grains were eaten. Amer. Cyc.

ALEE
A*lee", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + lee.] (Naut.)

Defn: On or toward the lee, or the side away from the wind; the
opposite of aweather. The helm of a ship is alee when pressed close
to the lee side. Hard alee, or Luff alee, an order to put the helm to
the lee side.

ALEGAR
Al"e*gar, n. Etym: [Ale + eager sour, F. aigre. Cf. Vinegar.]

Defn: Sour ale; vinegar made of ale. Cecil.

ALEGER
Al"e*ger, a. Etym: [F. allègre, earlier alègre, fr. L. alacer.]

Defn: Gay; cheerful; sprightly. [Obs.] Bacon.

ALEGGE
A*legge", v. t. Etym: [OE. aleggen, alegen, OF. alegier, F. alléger,
fr. LL. alleviare, for L. allevare to lighten; ad + levis light. Cf.
Alleviate, Allay, Allege.]

Defn: To allay or alleviate; to lighten. [Obs.]
That shall alegge this bitter blast. Spenser.

ALEHOOF
Ale"hoof`, n. Etym: [AS. h ground ivy; the first part is perh. a
corruption: cf. OE. heyhowe hedgehove,

ground ivy, "in old MSS. heyhowe, heyoue, haihoue, halehoue."
[Prior].

Defn: Ground ivy (Nepeta Glechoma).

ALEHOUSE
Ale"house`, n.

Defn: A house where ale is retailed; hence, a tippling house.
Macaulay.

ALE-KNIGHT
Ale"-knight`, n.

Defn: A pot companion. [Obs.]

ALEM
Al"em, n. [Turk. 'alem, fr. Ar. 'alam.] (Mil.)

Defn: The imperial standard of the Turkish Empire.

ALEMANNIC
Al`e*man"nic, a.

Defn: Belonging to the Alemanni, a confederacy of warlike German
tribes.

ALEMANNIC
Al`e*man"nic, n.

Defn: The language of the Alemanni.
The Swabian dialect . . . is known as the Alemannic. Amer. Cyc.

ALEMBIC
A*lem"bic, n. Etym: [F. alambic (cf. Sp. alambique), Ar. al-anbiq,
fr. Gr. alembic proper. Cf. Limbec.]

Defn: An apparatus formerly used in distillation, usually made of
glass or metal. It has mostly given place to the retort and worm
still.
Used also metaphorically. The alembic of a great poet's imagination.
Brimley.

ALEMBROTH
A*lem"broth, n. Etym: [Origin uncertain.]

Defn: The salt of wisdom of the alchemists, a double salt composed of
the chlorides of ammonium and mercury. It was formerly used as a
stimulant. Brande & C.

ALENCON LACE
A`len`con" lace".

Defn: See under Lace.

ALENGTH
A*length", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + length.]

Defn: At full length; lenghtwise. Chaucer.

ALEPIDOTE
A*lep"i*dote, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Not having scales.
 -- n.

Defn: A fish without scales.

ALEPOLE
Ale"pole`, n.

Defn: A pole set up as the sign of an alehouse. [Obs.]

ALEPPO BOIL; ALEPPO BUTTON; ALEPPO EVIL
A*lep"po boil, button, or evil. (Med.)

Defn: A chronic skin affection terminating in an ulcer, most commonly
of the face. It is endemic along the Mediterranean, and is probably
due to a specific bacillus. Called also Aleppo ulcer, Biskara boil,
Delhi boil, Oriental sore, etc.

ALEPPO GRASS
Aleppo grass. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the cultivated forms of Andropogon Halepensis (syn.
Sorghum Halepense). See Andropogon, below.

ALERT
A*lert", a. Etym: [F. alerte, earlier à l'erte on the watch, fr. It.
all' erta on the watch, prop. (standing) on a height, where one can
look around; erta a declivity, steep, erto steep, p. p. of ergere,
erigere, to erect, raise, L. erigere. See Erect.]

1. Watchful; vigilant; active in vigilance.

2. Brisk; nimble; moving with celerity.
An alert young fellow. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Active; agile; lively; quick; prompt.

ALERT
A*lert", n. (Mil.)

Defn: An alarm from a real or threatened attack; a sudden attack;
also, a bugle sound to give warning. "We have had an alert." Farrow.
On the alert, on the lookout or watch against attack or danger; ready
to act.

ALERTLY
A*lert"ly, adv.

Defn: In an alert manner; nimbly.

ALERTNESS
A*lert"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being alert or on the alert; briskness;
nimbleness; activity.

ALE SILVER
Ale" sil`ver.

Defn: A duty payable to the lord mayor of London by the sellers of
ale within the city.

ALESTAKE
Ale"stake, n.

Defn: A stake or pole projecting from, or set up before, an alehouse,
as a sign; an alepole. At the end was commonly suspended a garland, a
bunch of leaves, or a "bush." [Obs.] Chaucer.

ALETASTER
Ale"tast`er, n.

Defn: See Aleconner. [Eng.]

ALETHIOLOGY
A*le`thi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of the nature of truth and evidence.
Sir W. Hamilton.

ALETHOSCOPE
A*leth"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An instrument for viewing pictures by means of a lens, so as to
present them in their natural proportions and relations.

ALEUROMANCY
A*leu"ro*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. aleuromancie.]

Defn: Divination by means of flour. Encyc. Brit.

ALEUROMETER
Al`eu*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for determining the expansive properties, or
quality, of gluten in flour. Knight.

ALEURONAT
A*leu"ro*nat, n. [See Aleurone.]

Defn: Flour made of aleurone, used as a substitute for ordinary flour
in preparing bread for diabetic persons.

ALEURONE
A*leu"rone, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: An albuminoid substance which occurs in minute grains ("protein
granules") in maturing seeds and tubers; -- supposed to be a
modification of protoplasm.

ALEURONIC
Al`eu*ron"ic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the nature of aleurone. D. C. Eaton.

ALEUTIAN; ALEUTIC
A*leu"tian, A*leu"tic, a. Etym: [Said to be from the Russ. aleut a
bold rock.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a chain of islands between Alaska and
Kamtchatka; also, designating these islands.

ALEVIN
Al"e*vin, n. Etym: [F. alevin, OF. alever to rear, fr. L. ad + levare
to raise.]

Defn: Young fish; fry.

ALEW
A*lew", n.

Defn: Halloo. [Obs.] Spenser.

ALEWIFE
Ale"wife`, n.; pl. Alewives.

Defn: A woman who keeps an alehouse. Gay.

ALEWIFE
Ale"wife`, n.; pl. Alewives. Etym: [This word is properly aloof, the
Indian name of a fish. See Winthrop on the culture of maize in
America, "Phil Trans." No. 142, p. 1065, and Baddam's "Memoirs," vol.
ii. p. 131.]Etym: (Zoöl.)

Defn: A North American fish (Clupea vernalis) of the Herring family.
It is called also ellwife, ellwhop, branch herring. The name is
locally applied to other related species.

ALEXANDERS; ALISANDERS
Al`ex*an"ders, Al`i*san"ders, n. Etym: [OE. alisaundre, OF.
alissandere, fr. Alexander or Alexandria.] (Bot)

Defn: A name given to two species of the genus Smyrnium, formerly
cultivated and used as celery now is; -- called also horse parsely.

ALEXANDRIAN
Al`ex*an"dri*an, a.

1. Of or pertaining to Alexandria in Egypt; as, the Alexandrian
library.

2. Applied to a kind of heroic verse. See Alexandrine, n.

ALEXANDRINE
Al`ex*an"drine, a.

Defn: Belonging to Alexandria; Alexandrian. Bancroft.

ALEXANDRINE
Al`ex*an"drine, n. Etym: [F. alexandrin.]

Defn: A kind of verse consisting in English of twelve syllables.
The needless Alexandrine ends the song, That, like a wounded snake,
drags its slow length along. Pope.

ALEXIA
A*lex"i*a, n. [NL.; a- not + Gr.  speech, fr.  to speak, confused
with L. legere to read.] (Med.)
 (a) As used by some, inability to read aloud, due to brain disease.
 (b) More commonly, inability, due to brain disease, to understand
written or printed symbols although they can be seen, as in case of
word blindness.

ALEXIPHARMAC; ALEXIPHARMACAL
A*lex`i*phar"mac, A*lex`i*phar"ma*cal, a. & n. Etym: [See
Alexipharmic.]

Defn: Alexipharmic. [Obs.]

ALEXIPHARMIC
A*lex`i*phar"mic, n. (Med.)

Defn: An antidote against poison or infection; a counterpoison.

ALEXIPHARMIC; ALEXIPHARMICAL
A*lex`i*phar"mic, A*lex`i*phar"mic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. alexipharmaque.]
(Med.)

Defn: Expelling or counteracting poison; antidotal.

ALEXIPYRETIC
A*lex`i*py*ret"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Serving to drive off fever; antifebrile.
 -- n.

Defn: A febrifuge.

ALEXITERIC
A*lex`i*ter"ic, n. Etym: [Gr. alexitère, LL. alexiterium.] (Med.)

Defn: A preservative against contagious and infectious diseases, and
the effects of poison in general. Brande & C.

ALEXITERIC; ALEXITERICAL
A*lex`i*ter"ic, A*lex`i*ter"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. alexitère.] (med.)

Defn: Resisting poison; obviating the effects of venom; alexipharmic.

ALFA ; ALFA GRASS
Al"fa or Al"fa grass", n.

Defn: A plant (Macrochloa tenacissima) of North Africa; also, its
fiber, used in paper making.

ALFALFA
Al*fal"fa, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Bot.)

Defn: The lucern (Medicago sativa); -- so called in California,
Texas, etc.

ALFENIDE
Al"fe*nide, n. (Metal.)

Defn: An alloy of nickel and silver electroplated with silver.

ALFERES
Al*fe"res, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. Ar. al-fars knight.]

Defn: An ensign; a standard bearer. [Obs.] J. Fletcher.

ALFET
Al"fet, n. Etym: [LL. alfetum, fr. AS. alfæt a pot to boil in; al
burning + fæt vat.]

Defn: A caldron of boiling water into which an accused person plunged
his forearm as a test of innocence or guilt.

ALFILARIA
Al*fil`a*ri"a, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The pin grass (Erodium cicutarium), a weed in California.

ALFILERIA; ALFILERILLA
Al*fil`e*ri"a, Al*fil`e*ril"la, n. [Mex. Sp., fr. Sp. alfiler pin.]

Defn: Same as Alfilaria.

ALFIONE
Al`fi*o"ne, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An edible marine fish of California (Rhacochilus toxotes).

ALFORJA
Al*for"ja, n. [Also alfarga, alforge.] [Sp.]

Defn: A saddlebag. [Sp. Amer.]

ALFRESCO
Al*fres"co, adv. & a. Etym: [It. al fresco in or on the fresh.]

Defn: In the open-air. Smollett.

ALGA
Al"ga, n.; pl. Algæ. Etym: [L., seaweed.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of seaweed; pl. the class of cellular cryptogamic plants
which includes the black, red, and green seaweeds, as kelp, dulse,
sea lettuce, also marine and fresh water confervæ, etc.

ALGAL
Al"gal, a., (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, algæ.

ALGAROBA
Al`ga*ro"ba, n. Etym: [Sp. algarroba, fr. Ar. al-kharr. Cf. Carob.]
(Bot.)
(a) The Carob, a leguminous tree of the Mediterranean region; also,
its edible beans or pods, called St. John's bread.
(b) The Honey mesquite (Prosopis juliflora), a small tree found from
California to Buenos Ayres; also, its sweet, pulpy pods. A valuable
gum, resembling gum arabic, is collected from the tree in Texas and
Mexico.

ALGAROT; ALGAROTH
Al"ga*rot, Al"ga*roth, n. Etym: [F. algaroth, fr. the name of the
inventor, Algarotti.] (Med.)

Defn: A term used for the Powder of Algaroth, a white powder which is
a compound of trichloride and trioxide of antimony. It was formerly
used in medicine as an emetic, purgative, and diaphoretic.

ALGAROVILLA
Al`ga*ro*vil"la, n.

Defn: The agglutinated seeds and husks of the legumes of a South
American tree (Inga Marthæ). It is valuable for tanning leather, and
as a dye.

ALGATE; ALGATES
Al"gate, Al"gates, adv. Etym: [All + gate way. The s is an adverbial
ending. See Gate.]

1. Always; wholly; everywhere. [Obs.]
Ulna now he algates must forego. Spenser.

Note: Still used in the north of England in the sense of
"everywhere."

2. By any or means; at all events. [Obs.] Fairfax.

3. Notwithstanding; yet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ALGAZEL
Al"ga*zel`, n. Etym: [Ar. al the + ghazal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The true gazelle.

ALGEBRA
Al"ge*bra, n. Etym: [LL. algebra, fr. Ar. al-jebr reduction of parts
to a whole, or fractions to whole numbers, fr. jabara to bind
together, consolidate; al-jebr w'almuqabalah reduction and comparison
(by equations): cf. F. algèbre, It. & Sp. algebra.]

1. (Math.)

Defn: That branch of mathematics which treats of the relations and
properties of quantity by means of letters and other symbols. It is
applicable to those relations that are true of every kind of
magnitude.

2. A treatise on this science.

ALGEBRAIC; ALGEBRAICAL
Al`ge*bra"ic, Al`ge*bra"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to algebra; containing an operation of
algebra, or deduced from such operation; as, algebraic characters;
algebraical writings. Algebraic curve, a curve such that the equation
which expresses the relation between the coördinates of its points
involves only the ordinary operations of algebra; -- opposed to a
transcendental curve.

ALGEBRAICALLY
Al`ge*bra"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By algebraic process.

ALGEBRAIST
Al"ge*bra`ist, n.

Defn: One versed in algebra.

ALGEBRAIZE
Al"ge*bra*ize, v. t.

Defn: To perform by algebra; to reduce to algebraic form.

ALGERIAN
Al*ge"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Algeria.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Algeria.

ALGERINE
Al`ge*rine", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Algiers or Algeria.

ALGERINE
Al`ge*rine", n.

Defn: A native or one of the people of Algiers or Algeria. Also, a
pirate.

ALGID
Al"gid, a. Etym: [L. algidus cold, fr. algere to be cold: cf. F.
algide.]

Defn: Cold; chilly. Bailey. Algid cholera (Med.), Asiatic cholera.

ALGIDITY
Al*gid"i*ty, n.

Defn: Chilliness; coldness; especially (Med.),

Defn: coldness and collapse.

ALGIDNESS
Al"gid*ness, n.

Defn: Algidity. [Obs.]

ALGIFIC
Al*gif"ic, a. Etym: [L. algificus, fr. algus cold + facere to make.]

Defn: Producing cold.

ALGIN
Al"gin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous substance resembling gelatin, obtained from
certain algæ.

ALGOID
Al"goid, a. Etym: [L. alga + -oid.]

Defn: Of the nature of, or resembling, an alga.

ALGOL
Al"gol, n. Etym: [Ar. al-gh destruction, calamity, fr. ghala to take
suddenly, destroy.] (Astron.)

Defn: A fixed star, in Medusa's head, in the constellation Perseus,
remarkable for its periodic variation in brightness.

ALGOLOGICAL
Al`go*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to algology; as, algological specimens.

ALGOLOGIST
Al*gol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One learned about algæ; a student of algology.

ALGOLOGY
Al*gol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. alga seaweed + -logy.] (Bot.)

Defn: The study or science of algæ or seaweeds.

ALGOMETER
Al*gom"e*ter, n. [Gr.  pain + -meter.] (Psychol.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring sensations of pain due to pressure.
It has a piston rod with a blunted tip which is pressed against the
skin. -- Al*gom"e*try (#), n. -- Al`go*met"ric (#), *met"ric*al (#),
a. --Al`go*met"ric*al*ly, adv.

ALGONKIAN
Al*gon"ki*an, a.

1. Var. of Algonquian.

2.  (Geol.) Pertaining to or designating a period or era recognized
by the United States Geological Survey and some other authorities,
between the Archæan and the Paleozoic, from both of which it is
generally separated in the record by unconformities. Algonkian rocks
are both sedimentary and igneous. Although fossils are rare, life
certainly existed in this period. -- n.

Defn: The Algonkian period or era, or system or group of systems.

ALGONQUIAN
Al*gon"qui*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to or designating the most extensive of the
linguistic families of North American Indians, their territory
formerly including practically all of Canada east of the 115th
meridian and south of Hudson's Bay and the part of the United States
east of the Mississippi and north of Tennessee and Virginia, with the
exception of the territory occupied by the northern Iroquoian tribes.
There are nearly 100,000 Indians of the Algonquian tribes, of which
the strongest are the Ojibwas (Chippewas), Ottawas, Crees,
Algonquins, Micmacs, and Blackfeet. -- n.

Defn: An Algonquian Indian.

ALGONQUIN; ALGONKIN
Al*gon"quin, Al*gon"kin, n.

Defn: One of a widely spread family of Indians, including many
distinct tribes, which formerly occupied most of the northern and
eastern part of North America. The name was originally applied to a
group of Indian tribes north of the River St. Lawrence.

ALGOR
Al"gor, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: Cold; chilliness.

ALGORISM; ALGORITHM
Al"go*rism, Al"go*rithm, n. Etym: [OE. algorism, algrim, augrim, OF.
algorisme, F. algorithme (cf. Sp. algoritmo, OSp. alguarismo, LL.
algorismus), fr. the Ar. al-Khowarezmi of Khowarezm, the modern
Khiwa, surname of Abu Ja'far Mohammed ben Musa, author of a work on
arithmetic early in the 9th century, which was translated into Latin,
such books bearing the name algorismus. The spelling with th is due
to a supposed connection with Gr.

1. The art of calculating by nine figures and zero.

2. The art of calculating with any species of notation; as, the
algorithms of fractions, proportions, surds, etc.

ALGOUS
Al"gous, a. Etym: [L. algosus, fr. alga seaweed.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the algæ, or seaweeds; abounding with, or
like, seaweed.

ALGUAZIL
Al`gua*zil", n. Etym: [Sp. alguacil, fr. Ar. alwazir the vizier. Cf.
Vizier.]

Defn: An inferior officer of justice in Spain; a warrant officer; a
constable. Prescott.

ALGUM
Al"gum, n.

Defn: Same as Almug (and etymologically preferable). 2 Chron. ii. 8.

ALHAMBRA
Al*ham"bra, n. Etym: [Ultimately fr. Ar. al the + hamra red; i. e.,
the red (sc. house).]

Defn: The palace of the Moorish kings at Granada.

ALHAMBRAIC; ALHAMBRESQUE
Al`ham*bra"ic, Al`ham*bresque", a.

Defn: Made or decorated after the fanciful style of the ornamentation
in the Alhambra, which affords an unusually fine exhibition of
Saracenic or Arabesque architecture.

ALHENNA
Al*hen"na, n.

Defn: See Henna.

ALIAS
A"li*as, adv. Etym: [L., fr. alius. See Else.] (Law)
(a) Otherwise; otherwise called; -- a term used in legal proceedings
to connect the different names of any one who has gone by two or
more, and whose true name is for any cause doubtful; as, Smith, alias
Simpson.
(b) At another time.

ALIAS
A"li*as, n.; pl. Aliases. Etym: [L., otherwise, at another
time.]Etym: (Law)
(a) A second or further writ which is issued after a first writ has
expired without effect.
(b) Another name; an assumed name.

ALIBI
Al"i*bi, n. Etym: [L., elsewhere, at another place. See Alias.] (Law)

Defn: The plea or mode of defense under which a person on trial for a
crime proves or attempts to prove that he was in another place when
the alleged act was committed; as, to set up an alibi; to prove an
alibi.

ALIBILITY
Al`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Quality of being alible.

ALIBLE
Al"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. alibilis, fr. alere to nourish.]

Defn: Nutritive; nourishing.

ALICANT
Al"i*cant, n.

Defn: A kind of wine, formerly much esteemed; -- said to have been
made near Alicant, in Spain. J. Fletcher.

ALIDADE
Al"i*dade, n. Etym: [LL. alidada, alhidada, fr. Ar. al-'idada a sort
of rule: cf. F. alidade.]

Defn: The portion of a graduated instrument, as a quadrant or
astrolabe, carrying the sights or telescope, and showing the degrees
cut off on the arc of the instrument Whewell.

ALIEN
Al"ien, a. Etym: [OF. alien, L. alienus, fr. alius another; properly,
therefore, belonging to another. See Else.]

1. Not belonging to the same country, land, or government, or to the
citizens or subjects thereof; foreign; as, alien subjects, enemies,
property, shores.

2. Wholly different in nature; foreign; adverse; inconsistent (with);
incongruous; -- followed by from or sometimes by to; as, principles
alien from our religion.
An alien sound of melancholy. Wordsworth.
Alien enemy (Law), one who owes allegiance to a government at war
with ours. Abbott.

ALIEN
Al"ien, n.

1. A foreigner; one owing allegiance, or belonging, to another
country; a foreign-born resident of a country in which he does not
posses the privileges of a citizen. Hence, a stranger. See Alienage.

2. One excluded from certain privileges; one alienated or estranged;
as, aliens from God's mercies.
Aliens from the common wealth of Israel. Ephes. ii. 12.

ALIEN
Al"ien, v. t. Etym: [F. aliéner, L. alienare.]

Defn: To alienate; to estrange; to transfer, as property or
ownership. [R.] "It the son alien lands." Sir M. Hale.
The prince was totally aliened from all thoughts of . . . the
marriage. Clarendon.

ALIENABILITY
Al`ien*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being alienated. "The alienability of the
domain." Burke.

ALIENABLE
Al"ien*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. aliénable.]

Defn: Capable of being alienated, sold, or transferred to another;
as, land is alienable according to the laws of the state.

ALIENAGE
Al"ien*age, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. aliénage.]

1. The state or legal condition of being an alien.

Note: The disabilities of alienage are removable by naturalization or
by special license from the State of residence, and in some of the
United States by declaration of intention of naturalization. Kent.
Wharton.
Estates forfeitable on account of alienage. Story.

2. The state of being alienated or transferred to another. Brougham.

ALIENATE
Al"ien*ate, a. Etym: [L. alienatus, p. p. of alienare, fr. alienus.
See Alien, and cf. Aliene.]

Defn: Estranged; withdrawn in affection; foreign; -- with from.
O alienate from God. Milton.

ALIENATE
Al"ien*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alienated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Alienating.]

1. To convey or transfer to another, as title, property, or right; to
part voluntarily with ownership of.

2. To withdraw, as the affections; to make indifferent of averse,
where love or friendship before subsisted; to estrange; to wean; --
with from.
The errors which . . . alienated a loyal gentry and priesthood from
the House of Stuart. Macaulay.
The recollection of his former life is a dream that only the more
alienates him from the realities of the present. I. Taylor.

ALIENATE
Al"ien*ate, n.

Defn: A stranger; an alien. [Obs.]

ALIENATION
Al`ien*a"tion, n. Etym: [F. aliénation, L. alienatio, fr. alienare,
fr. alienare. See Alienate.]

1. The act of alienating, or the state of being alienated.

2. (Law)

Defn: A transfer of title, or a legal conveyance of property to
another.

3. A withdrawing or estrangement, as of the affections.
The alienation of his heart from the king. Bacon.

4. Mental alienation; derangement of the mental faculties; insanity;
as, alienation of mind.

Syn.
 -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; aberration; mania;
delirium; frenzy; dementia; monomania. See Insanity.

ALIENATOR
Al"ien*a"tor, n.

Defn: One who alienates.

ALIENE
Al*iene, v. t.

Defn: To alien or alienate; to transfer, as title or property; as, to
aliene an estate.

ALIENEE
Al"ien*ee", n. (Law)

Defn: One to whom the title of property is transferred; -- opposed to
alienor.
It the alienee enters and keeps possession. Blackstone.

ALIENISM
Al"ien*ism, n.

1. The status or legal condition of an alien; alienage.
The law was very gentle in the construction of the disability of
alienism. Kent.

2. The study or treatment of diseases of the mind.

ALIENIST
Al"ien*ist, n. Etym: [F. aliéniste.]

Defn: One who treats diseases of the mind. Ed. Rev.

ALIENOR
Al`ien*or", n. Etym: [OF. aliéneur.]

Defn: One who alienates or transfers property to another. Blackstone.

ALIETHMOID; ALIETHMOIDAL
Al`i*eth"moid, Al`i*eth*moid"al, a. Etym: [L. ala wing + E.
ethomoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to expansions of the ethmoid bone or

ALIFE
A*life", adv. Etym: [Cf. lief dear.]

Defn: On my life; dearly. [Obs.] "I love that sport alife." Beau. &
Fl.

ALIFEROUS
A*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. ala wing + -ferous.]

Defn: Having wings, winged; aligerous. [R.]

ALIFORM
Al"i*form, a. Etym: [L. ala wing + -form.]

Defn: Wing-shaped; winglike.

ALIGEROUS
A*lig"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. aliger; ala wing + gerere to carry.]

Defn: Having wings; winged. [R.]

ALIGHT
A*light", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Alighted sometimes Alit; p. pr. & vb.
n. Alighting.] Etym: [OE. alihten, fr. AS. alihtan; pref. a- (cf.
Goth. us-, G. er-, orig. meaning out) + lihtan, to alight, orig. to
render light, to remove a burden from, fr. liht, leoht, light. See
Light, v. i.]

1. To spring down, get down, or descend, as from on horseback or from
a carriage; to dismount.

2. To descend and settle, lodge, rest, or stop; as, a flying bird
alights on a tree; snow alights on a roof.

3. To come or chance (upon). [R.]

ALIGHT
A*light", a. Etym: [Pref. a- + light.]

Defn: Lighted; lighted up; in a flame. "The lamps were alight."
Dickens.

ALIGN
A*lign", v. t. Etym: [F. aligner; à (L. ad) + ligne (L. linea) line.
See Line, and cf. Allineate.]

Defn: To adjust or form to a line; to range or form in line; to bring
into line; to aline.

ALIGN
A*lign", v. t.

Defn: To form in line; to fall into line.

ALIGNMENT
A*lign"ment, n. Etym: [F. alignement.]

1. The act of adjusting to a line; arrangement in a line or lines;
the state of being so adjusted; a formation in a straight line; also,
the line of adjustment; esp., an imaginary line to regulate the
formation of troops or of a squadron.

2. (Engin.)

Defn: The ground-plan of a railway or other road, in distinction from
the grades or profile.

ALIKE
A*like", a. Etym: [AS. onlic, gelic; pref. a + like.]

Defn: Having resemblance or similitude; similar; without difference.
[Now used only predicatively.]
The darkness and the light are both alike to thee. Ps. cxxxix. 12.

ALIKE
A*like", adv. Etym: [AS. gelice, onlice.]

Defn: In the same manner, form, or degree; in common; equally; as, we
are all alike concerne.

ALIKE-MINDED
A*like"-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Like-minded. [Obs.]

ALIMENT
Al"i*ment, n. Etym: [L. alimentum, fr. alere to nourish; akin to
Goth. alan to grow, Icel. ala to nourish: cf. F. aliment. See Old.]

1. That which nourishes; food; nutriment; anything which feeds or
adds to a substance in natural growth. Hence: The necessaries of life
generally: sustenance; means of support.
Aliments of theiBacon.

2. An allowance for maintenance. [Scot.]

ALIMENT
Al"i*ment, v. t.

1. To nourish; to support.

2. To provide for the maintenance of. [Scot.]

ALIMENTAL
Al`i*men"tal, a.

Defn: Supplying food; having the quality of nourishing; furnishing
the materials for natural growth; as, alimental sap.

ALIMENTALLY
A`li*men"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to serve for nourishment or food; nourishing quality. Sir
T. Browne.

ALIMENTARINESS
Al`i*men"ta*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being alimentary; nourishing quality. [R.]

ALIMENTARY
Al`i*men"ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. alimentarius, fr. alimentum: cf. F.
alimentaire.]

Defn: Pertaining to aliment or food, or to the function of nutrition;
nutritious; alimental; as, alimentary substances. Alimentary canal,
the entire channel, extending from the mouth to the anus, by which
aliments are conveyed through the body, and the useless parts
ejected.

ALIMENTATION
Al`i*men*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alimentation, LL. alimentatio.]

1. The act or process of affording nutriment; the function of the
alimentary canal.

2. State or mode of being nourished. Bacon.

ALIMENTIVENESS
Al`i*men"tive*ness, n.

Defn: The instinct or faculty of appetite for food. [Chiefly in
Phrenol.]

ALIMONIOUS
Al`i*mo"ni*ous, a.

Defn: Affording food; nourishing. [R.] "Alimonious humors." Harvey.

ALIMONY
Al"i*mo*ny, n. Etym: [L. alimonia, alimonium, nourishment,
sustenance, fr. alere to nourish.]

1. Maintenance; means of living.

2. (Law)

Defn: An allowance made to a wife out of her husband's estate or
income for her support, upon her divorce or legal separation from
him, or during a suit for the same. Wharton. Burrill.

ALINASAL
Al`i*na"sal, a. Etym: [L. ala wing + E. nasal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to expansions of the nasal bone or cartilage.

ALINE
A*line", v. t.

Defn: To range or place in a line; to bring into line; to align.
Evelyn.

ALINEATION
A*lin`e*a"tion, n.

Defn: See Allineation.

ALINEMENT
A*line"ment, n.

Defn: Same as Alignment.

Note: [The Eng. form alinement is preferable to alignment, a bad
spelling of the French]. New Eng. Dict. (Murray).

ALINER
A*lin"er, n.

Defn: One who adjusts things to a line or lines or brings them into
line. Evelyn.

ALIOTH
Al"i*oth, n. Etym: [Ar. alyat the tail of a fat sheep.] (Astron.)

Defn: A star in the tail of the Great Bear, the one next the bowl in
the Dipper.

ALIPED
Al"i*ped, a. Etym: [L. alipes; ala wing + pes, pedis, foot: cf. F.
alipède.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Wing-footed, as the bat.
 -- n.

Defn: An animal whose toes are connected by a membrane, serving for a
wing, as the bat.

ALIPHATIC
Al`i*phat"ic, a. [Gr. , , oil, fat.] (Org. Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, fat; fatty; -- applied to
compounds having an openc-hain structure. The aliphatic compounds
thus include not only the fatty acids and other derivatives of the
paraffin hydrocarbons, but also unsaturated compounds, as the
ethylene and acetylene series.

ALIQUANT
Al"i*quant, a. Etym: [L. aliquantus some, moderate; alius other +
quantus how great: cf. F. aliquante.] (Math.)

Defn: An aliquant part of a number or quantity is one which does not
divide it without leaving a remainder; thus, 5 is an aliquant part of
16. Opposed to aliquot.

ALIQUOT
Al"i*quot, a. Etym: [L. aliquot some, several; alius other + quot how
many: cf. F. aliquote.] (Math.)

Defn: An aliquot part of a number or quantity is one which will
divide it without a remainder; thus, 5 is an aliquot part of 15.
Opposed to aliquant.

ALISEPTAL
Al`i*sep"tal, a. Etym: [L. ala wing + E. septal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Relating to expansions of the nasal septum.

ALISH
Al"ish, a.

Defn: Like ale; as, an alish taste.

ALISPHENOID
Al`i*sphe"noid, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The alisphenoid bone.

ALISPHENOID; ALISPHENOIDAL
Al`i*sphe"noid, Al`i*sphe*noid"al, a. Etym: [L. ala wing + E.
sphenoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to or forming the wing of the sphenoid; relating to
a bone in the base of the skull, which in the adult is often
consolidated with the sphenoid; as, alisphenoid bone; alisphenoid
canal.

ALITRUNK
Al"i*trunk, n. Etym: [L. ala wing + truncus trunk.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The segment of the body of an insect to which the wings are
attached; the thorax. Kirby.

ALITURGICAL
Al`i*tur"gic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. a- + liturgical.] (Eccl.)

Defn: Applied to those days when the holy sacrifice is not offered.
Shipley.

ALIUNDE
A`li*un"de, adv. & a. Etym: [L.] (Law)

Defn: From another source; from elsewhere; as, a case proved aliunde;
evidence aliunde.

ALIVE
A*live", a. Etym: [OE. on live, AS. on life in life; life being dat.
of lif life. See Life, and cf. Live, a.]

1. Having life, in opposition to dead; living; being in a state in
which the organs perform their functions; as, an animal or a plant
which is alive.

2. In a state of action; in force or operation; unextinguished;
unexpired; existent; as, to keep the fire alive; to keep the
affections alive.

3. Exhibiting the activity and motion of many living beings;
swarming; thronged.
The Boyne, for a quarter of a mile, was alive with muskets and green
boughs. Macaulay.

4. Sprightly; lively; brisk. Richardson.

5. Having susceptibility; easily impressed; having lively feelings,
as opposed to apathy; sensitive.
Tremblingly alive to nature's laws. Falconer.

6. Of all living (by way of emphasis).
Northumberland was the proudest man alive. Clarendon.

Note: Used colloquially as an intensive; as, man alive!

Note: Alive always follows the noun which it qualifies.

ALIZARI
A`li*za"ri, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. Ar. 'a juice extracted from a plant,
fr. 'a to press.] (Com.)

Defn: The madder of the Levant. Brande & C.

ALIZARIN
A*liz"a*rin, n. Etym: [F. alizarine, fr. alizari.] (Chem.)

Defn: A coloring principle, C14H6O2(OH)2, found in madder, and now
produced artificially from anthracene. It produces the Turkish reds.

ALKAHEST
Al"ka*hest, n. Etym: [LL. alchahest, F. alcahest, a word that has an
Arabic appearance, but was probably arbitrarily formed by
Paracelsus.]

Defn: The fabled "universal solvent" of the alchemists; a menstruum
capable of dissolving all bodies.
 -- Al`ka*hes"tic, a.

ALKALAMIDE
Al`kal*am"ide, n. Etym: [Alkali + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of compounds that may be regarded as ammonia in
which a part of the hydrogen has been replaced by basic, and another
part by acid, atoms or radicals.

ALKALESCENCE; ALKALESCENCY
Al`ka*les`cence, Al`ka*les"cen*cy, n.

Defn: A tendency to become alkaline; or the state of a substance in
which alkaline properties begin to be developed, or to predominant.
Ure.

ALKALESCENT
Al`ka*les"cent, a. Etym: [Cf. F. alcalescent.]

Defn: Tending to the properties of an alkali; slightly alkaline.

ALKALI
Al"ka*li, n.; pl. Alkalis or Alkalies. Etym: [F. alcali, ultimately
fr. Ar. alqali ashes of the plant saltwort, fr. qalay to roast in a
pan, fry.]

1. Soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash, etc.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, ammoma,
and lithia, whose distinguishing peculiarities are solubility in
alcohol and water, uniting with oils and fats to form soap,
neutralizing and forming salts with acids, turning to brown several
vegetable yellows, and changing reddened litmus to blue. Fixed
alkalies, potash and soda.
 -- Vegetable alkalies. Same as Alkaloids.
 -- Volatile alkali, ammonia, so called in distinction from the fixed
alkalies.

ALKALIFIABLE
Al"ka*li*fi`a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. alcalifiable.]

Defn: Capable of being alkalified, or converted into an alkali.

ALKALI FLAT
Alkali flat.

Defn: A sterile plain, containing an excess of alkali, at the bottom
of an undrained basin in an arid region; a playa.

ALKALIFY
Al"ka*li*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alkalified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Alkalifying.] Etym: [Alkali + -fly: cf. F. alcalifier.]

Defn: To convert into an alkali; to give alkaline properties to.

ALKALIFY
Al"ka*li*fy, v. i.

Defn: To become changed into an alkali.

ALKALIMETER
Al`ka*lim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Alkali + -meter. cf. F. alcalimètre.]

Defn: An instrument to ascertain the strength of alkalies, or the
quantity of alkali in a mixture.

ALKALIMETRIC; ALKALIMETRICAL
Al`ka*li*met"ric, Al`ka*li*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to alkalimetry.

ALKALIMETRY
Al`ka*lim"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alcalimètrie.] (Chem.)

Defn: The art or process of ascertaining the strength of alkalies, or
the quantity present in alkaline mixtures.

ALKALINE
Al"ka*line, a. Etym: [Cf. F. alcalin.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an alkali or to alkalies; having the
properties of an alkali. Alkaline earths, certain substances, as
lime, baryta, strontia, and magnesia, possessing some of the
qualities of alkalies.
 -- Alkaline metals, potassium, sodium, cæsium, lithium, rubidium.
 -- Alkaline reaction, a reaction indicating alkalinity, as by the
action on limits, turmeric, etc.

ALKALINITY
Al`ka*lin"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality which constitutes an alkali; alkaline property.
Thomson.

ALKALIOUS
Al*ka"li*ous, a.

Defn: Alkaline. [Obs.]

ALKALI SOIL
Alkali soil.

Defn: Any one of various soils found in arid and semiarid regions,
containing an unusual amount of soluble mineral salts which
effloresce in the form of a powder or crust (usually white) in dry
weather following rains or irrigation. The basis of these salts is
mainly soda with a smaller amount of potash, and usually a little
lime and  magnesia. Two main classes of alkali are commonly
distinguished: black alkali, which may be any alkaline carbonate, but
which practically consists of sodium carbonate (sal soda), which is
highly corrosive and destructive to vegetation; and white alkali,
characterized by the presence of sodium sulphate (Glauber's salt),
which is less injurious to vegetation. Black alkali is so called
because water containing it dissolves humus, forming a dark-colored
solution which, when it collects in puddles and evaporates, produces
characteristic black spots.

ALKALI WASTE
Alkali waste.

Defn: Waste material from the manufacture of alkali; specif., soda
waste.

ALKALIZATE
Al"ka*li*zate, a.

Defn: Alkaline. [Obs.] Boyle.

ALKALIZATE
Al"ka*li**zate, v. t.

Defn: To alkalizate. [R.] Johnson.

ALKALIZATION
Al`ka*li*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alcalisation.]

Defn: The act rendering alkaline by impregnating with an alkali; a
conferring of alkaline qualities.

ALKALIZE
Al"ka*lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alkalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Alkalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. alcaliser.]

Defn: To render alkaline; to communicate the properties of an alkali
to.

ALKALOID
Al"ka*loid, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An organic base, especially one of a class of substances
occurring ready formed in the tissues of plants and the bodies of
animals.

Note: Alcaloids all contain nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen, and many
of them also contain oxygen. They include many of the active
principles in plants; thus, morphine and narcotine are alkaloids
found in opium.

ALKALOID; ALKALOIDAL
Al"ka*loid, Al`ka*loid"al, a. Etym: [Alkali + -oid: cf. F.
alcaloïde.]

Defn: Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, alkali.

ALKANET
Al"ka*net, n. Etym: [Dim. of Sp. alcana, alhe, in which al is the Ar.
article. See Henna, and cf. Orchanet.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A dyeing matter extracted from the roots of Alkanna tinctoria,
which gives a fine deep red color.

2. (Bot.)
(a) A boraginaceous herb (Alkanna tinctoria) yielding the dye;
orchanet.
(b) The similar plant Anchusa officinalis; bugloss; also, the
American puccoon.

ALKARGEN
Al*kar"gen, n. Etym: [Alkarsin + oxygen.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Cacodylic acid.

ALKARSIN
Al*kar"sin, n. Etym: [Alkali + arsenic + -in.] (Chem.)

Defn: A spontaneously inflammable liquid, having a repulsive odor,
and consisting of cacodyl and its oxidation products; -- called also
Cadel's fuming liquid.

ALKAZAR
Al*ka"zar.

Defn: See Alcazar.

ALKEKENGI
Al`ke*ken"gi, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alkékenge, Sp. alquequenje, ultimately
fr. Ar. al-kakanj a kind of resin from Herat.] (Bot.)

Defn: An herbaceous plant of the nightshade family (Physalis
alkekengi) and its fruit, which is a well flavored berry, the size of
a cherry, loosely inclosed in a enlarged leafy calyx; -- also called
winter cherry, ground cherry, and strawberry tomato. D. C. Eaton.

ALKERMES
Al*ker"mes, n. Etym: [Ar. al-qirmiz kermes. See Kermes.] (Old
Pharmacy)

Defn: A compound cordial, in the form of a confection, deriving its
name from the kermes insect, its principal ingredient.

ALKORAN
Al"ko*ran, n.

Defn: The Mohammedan Scriptures. Same as Alcoran and Koran.

ALKORANIC
Al`ko*ran"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Alcoranic.

ALKORANIST
Al`ko*ran"ist, n.

Defn: Same as Alcoranist.

ALL
All, a. Etym: [OE. al, pl. alle, AS. eal, pl. ealle, Northumbrian
alle, akin to D. & OHG. al, Ger. all, Icel. allr. Dan. al, Sw. all,
Goth. alls; and perh. to Ir. and Gael. uile, W. oll.]

1. The whole quantity, extent, duration, amount, quality, or degree
of; the whole; the whole number of; any whatever; every; as, all the
wheat; all the land; all the year; all the strength; all happiness;
all abundance; loss of all power; beyond all doubt; you will see us
all (or all of us).
Prove all things: hold fast that which is good. 1 Thess. v. 21.

2. Any. [Obs.] "Without all remedy." Shak.

Note: When the definite article "the," or a possessive or a
demonstrative pronoun, is joined to the noun that all qualifies, all
precedes the article or the pronoun; as, all the cattle; all my
labor; all his wealth; all our families; all your citizens; all their
property; all other joys.

Note: This word, not only in popular language, but in the Scriptures,
often signifies, indefinitely, a large portion or number, or a great
part. Thus, all the cattle in Egypt died, all Judea and all the
region round about Jordan, all men held John as a prophet, are not to
be understood in a literal sense, but as including a large part, or
very great numbers.

3. Only; alone; nothing but.
I was born to speak all mirth and no matter. Shak.
All the whole, the whole (emphatically). [Obs.] "All the whole army."
Shak.

ALL
All, adv.

1. Wholly; completely; altogether; entirely; quite; very; as, all
bedewed; my friend is all for amusement. "And cheeks all pale."
Byron.

Note: In the ancient phrases, all too dear, all too much, all so
long, etc., this word retains its appropriate sense or becomes
intensive.

2. Even; just. (Often a mere intensive adjunct.) [Obs. or Poet.]
All as his straying flock he fed. Spenser.
A damsel lay deploring All on a rock reclined. Gay.
All to, or All-to. In such phrases as "all to rent," "all to break,"
"all-to frozen," etc., which are of frequent occurrence in our old
authors, the all and the to have commonly been regarded as forming a
compound adverb, equivalent in meaning to entirely, completely,
altogether. But the sense of entireness lies wholly in the word all
(as it does in "all forlorn," and similar expressions), and the to
properly belongs to the following word, being a kind of intensive
prefix (orig. meaning asunder and answering to the LG. ter-, HG. zer-
). It is frequently to be met with in old books, used without the
all. Thus Wyclif says, "The vail of the temple was to rent:" and of
Judas, "He was hanged and to-burst the middle:" i. e., burst in two,
or asunder.
 -- All along. See under Along.
 -- All and some, individually and collectively, one and all. [Obs.]
"Displeased all and some." Fairfax.
 -- All but. (a) Scarcely; not even. [Obs.] Shak. (b) Almost; nearly.
"The fine arts were all but proscribed." Macaulay.
 -- All hollow, entirely, completely; as, to beat any one all hollow.
[Low] -- All one, the same thing in effect; that is, wholly the same
thing.
 -- All over, over the whole extent; thoroughly; wholly; as, she is
her mother all over. [Colloq.] -- All the better, wholly the better;
that is, better by the whole difference.
 -- All the same, nevertheless. "There they [certain phenomena]
remain rooted all the same, whether we recognize them or not." J. C.
Shairp. "But Rugby is a very nice place all the same." T. Arnold.
 -- See also under All, n.

ALL
All, n.

Defn: The whole number, quantity, or amount; the entire thing;
everything included or concerned; the aggregate; the whole; totality;
everything or every person; as, our all is at stake.
Death, as the Psalmist saith, is certain to all. Shak.
All that thou seest is mine. Gen. xxxi. 43.

Note: All is used with of, like a partitive; as, all of a thing, all
of us. After all, after considering everything to the contrary;
nevertheless.
 -- All in all, a phrase which signifies all things to a person, or
everything desired; (also adverbially) wholly; altogether.
Thou shalt be all in all, and I in thee, Forever. Milton.
Trust me not at all, or all in all. Tennyson.
-- All in the wind (Naut.), a phrase denoting that the sails are
parallel with the course of the wind, so as to shake.
 -- All told, all counted; in all.
 -- And all, and the rest; and everything connected. "Bring our crown
and all." Shak.
 -- At all. (a) In every respect; wholly; thoroughly. [Obs.] "She is
a shrew at al(l)." Chaucer. (b) A phrase much used by way of
enforcement or emphasis, usually in negative or interrogative
sentences, and signifying in any way or respect; in the least degree
or to the least extent; in the least; under any circumstances; as, he
has no ambition at all; has he any property at all "Nothing at all. "
Shak. "It thy father at all miss me." 1 Sam. xx. 6.
 -- Over all, everywhere. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Note: All is much used in composition to enlarge the meaning, or add
force to a word. In some instances, it is completely incorporated
into words, and its final consonant is dropped, as in almighty,
already, always: but, in most instances, it is an adverb prefixed to
adjectives or participles, but usually with a hyphen, as, all-
bountiful, all-glorious, allimportant, all-surrounding, etc. In
others it is an adjective; as, allpower, all-giver. Anciently many
words, as, alabout, alaground, etc., were compounded with all, which
are now written separately.

ALL
All, conj. Etym: [Orig. all, adv., wholly: used with though or if,
which being dropped before the subjunctive left all as if in the
sense although.]

Defn: Although; albeit. [Obs.]
All they were wondrous loth. Spenser.

ALLA BREVE
Al`la bre"ve. Etym: [It., according to the breve.] (Old Church Music)

Defn: With one breve, or four minims, to measure, and sung faster
like four crotchets; in quick common time; -- indicated in the time
signature by

ALLAH
Al"lah, n. Etym: [ contr. fr. the article al the + ilah God.]

Defn: The name of the Supreme Being, in use among the Arabs and the
Mohammedans generally.

ALL-A-MORT
All`-a-mort", a.

Defn: See Alamort.

ALLANITE
Al"lan*ite, n. Etym: [From T. Allan, who first distinguished it as a
species.] (min.)

Defn: A silicate containing a large amount of cerium. It is usually
black in color, opaque, and is related to epidote in form and
composition.

ALLANTOIC
Al`lan*to"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. allantoïque.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or contained in, the allantois. Allantoic acid.
(Chem.) See Allantoin.

ALLANTOID; ALLANTOIDAL
Al*lan"toid, Al`lan*toid"al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the allantois.

ALLANTOIDEA
Al`lan*toid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Vertebrata in which the embryo develops an
allantois. It includes reptiles, birds, and mammals.

ALLANTOIN
Al*lan"to*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline, transparent, colorless substance found in the
allantoic liquid of the fetal calf; -- formerly called allantoic acid
and amniotic acid.

ALLANTOIS; ALLANTOID
Al*lan"to*is, Al*lan"toid, } n.. (Anat.)

Defn: A membranous appendage of the embryos of mammals, birds, and
reptiles, -- in mammals serving to connect the fetus with the parent;
the urinary vesicle.

ALLATRATE
Al"la*trate, v. i. Etym: [L. allatrare. See Latrate.]

Defn: To bark as a dog. [Obs.] Stubbes.

ALLAY
Al*lay", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Allaying.]
Etym: [OE. alaien, aleggen, to lay down, put down, humble, put an end
to, AS. alecgan; a- (cf. Goth. us-, G. er-, orig. meaning out) +
lecgan to lay; but confused with old forms of allege, alloy, alegge.
See Lay.]

1. To make quiet or put at rest; to pacify or appease; to quell; to
calm; as, to allay popular excitement; to allay the tumult of the
passions.

2. To alleviate; to abate; to mitigate; as, to allay the severity of
affliction or the bitterness of adversity.
It would allay the burning quality of that fell poison. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To alleviate; check; repress; assuage; appease; abate; subdue;
destroy; compose; soothe; calm; quiet. See Alleviate.

ALLAY
Al*lay", v. t.

Defn: To diminish in strength; to abate; to subside. "When the rage
allays." Shak.

ALLAY
Al*lay", n.

Defn: Alleviation; abatement; check. [Obs.]

ALLAY
Al*lay", n.

Defn: Alloy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ALLAY
Al*lay", v. t.

Defn: To mix (metals); to mix with a baser metal; to alloy; to
deteriorate. [Archaic] Fuller.

ALLAYER
Al*lay"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, allays.

ALLAYMENT
Al*lay"ment, n.

Defn: An allaying; that which allays; mitigation. [Obs.]
The like allayment could I give my grief. Shak.

ALLECRET
Al"le*cret, n. Etym: [OF. alecret, halecret, hallecret.]

Defn: A kind of light armor used in the sixteenth century, esp. by
the Swiss. Fairholt.

ALLECT
Al*lect", v. t. Etym: [L. allectare, freq. of allicere, allectum.]

Defn: To allure; to entice. [Obs.]

ALLECTATION
Al`lec*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. allectatio.]

Defn: Enticement; allurement. [Obs.] Bailey.

ALLECTIVE
Al*lec"tive, a. Etym: [LL. allectivus.]

Defn: Alluring. [Obs.]

ALLECTIVE
Al*lec"tive, n.

Defn: Allurement. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

ALLEDGE
Al*ledge", v. t.

Defn: See Allege. [Obs.]

Note: This spelling, corresponding to abridge, was once the
prevailing one.

ALLEGATION
Al`le*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. allegatio, fr. allegare, allegatum, to
send a message, cite; later, to free by giving reasons; ad + legare
to send, commission. Cf. Allege and Adlegation.]

1. The act of alleging or positively asserting.

2. That which is alleged, asserted, or declared; positive assertion;
formal averment
I thought their allegation but reasonable. Steele.

3. (Law)

Defn: A statement by a party of what he undertakes to prove, --
usually applied to each separate averment; the charge or matter
undertaken to be proved.

ALLEGE
Al*lege", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alleged; p. pr. & vb. n. Alleging.]
Etym: [OE. aleggen to bring forward as evidence, OF. esligier to buy,
prop. to free from legal difficulties, fr. an assumed LL. exlitigare;
L. ex + litigare to quarrel, sue (see Litigate). The word was
confused with L. allegare (see Allegation), and lex law. Cf. Allay.]

1. To bring forward with positiveness; to declare; to affirm; to
assert; as, to allege a fact.

2. To cite or quote; as, to allege the authority of a judge.
[Archaic]

3. To produce or urge as a reason, plea, or excuse; as, he refused to
lend, alleging a resolution against lending.

Syn.
 -- To bring forward; adduce; advance; assign; produce; declare;
affirm; assert; aver; predicate.

ALLEGE
Al*lege", v. t. Etym: [See Allay.]

Defn: To alleviate; to lighten, as a burden or a trouble. [Obs.]
Wyclif.

ALLEGEABLE
Al*lege"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being alleged or affirmed.
The most authentic examples allegeable in the case. South.

ALLEGEANCE
Al*lege"ance, n.

Defn: Allegation. [Obs.]

ALLEGEMENT
Al*lege"ment, n.

Defn: Allegation. [Obs.]
With many complaints and allegements. Bp. Sanderson.

ALLEGER
Al*leg"er, n.

Defn: One who affirms or declares.

ALLEGGE
Al*legge", v. t.

Defn: See Alegge and Allay. [Obs.]

ALLEGHENIAN; ALLEGHANIAN
Al`le*ghe"ni*an, a. Also Al`le*gha"ni*an. (Biogeography)

Defn: Pertaining to or designating the humid division of the
Transition zone extending across the northern United States from New
England to eastern Dakota, and including also most of Pennsylvania
and the mountainous region as far south as northern Georgia.

ALLEGHENY; ALLEGHANY
Al"le*ghe`ny, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the Allegheny Mountains, or the region where
they are situated. Also Al"le*gha`ny.

2.  [From the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania.] (Geol.) Pertaining to
or designating a subdivision of the Pennsylvanian coal measure.

ALLEGIANCE
Al*le"giance, n. Etym: [OE. alegeaunce; pref. a- + OF. lige, liege.
The meaning was influenced by L. ligare to bind, and even by lex,
legis, law. See Liege, Ligeance.]

1. The tie or obligation, implied or expressed, which a subject owes
to his sovereign or government; the duty of fidelity to one's king,
government, or state.

2. Devotion; loyalty; as, allegiance to science.

Syn.
 -- Loyalty; fealty.
 -- Allegiance, Loyalty. These words agree in expressing the general
idea of fidelity and attachment to the "powers that be." Allegiance
is an obligation to a ruling power. Loyalty is a feeling or sentiment
towards such power. Allegiance may exist under any form of
government, and, in a republic, we generally speak of allegiance to
the government, to the state, etc. In well conducted monarchies,
loyalty is a warm-hearted feeling of fidelity and obedience to the
sovereign. It is personal in its nature; and hence we speak of the
loyalty of a wife to her husband, not of her allegiance. In cases
where we personify, loyalty is more commonly the word used; as,
loyalty to the constitution; loyalty to the cause of virtue; loyalty
to truth and religion, etc.
Hear me, recreant, on thine allegiance hear me! Shak.
So spake the Seraph Abdiel, faithful found, . . . Unshaken,
unseduced, unterrified, His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal.
Milton.

ALLEGIANT
Al*le"giant, a.

Defn: Loyal. Shak.

ALLEGORIC; ALLEGORICAL
Al`le*gor"ic, Al`le*gor"ic*al, a. Etym: [F. allégorique, L.
allegorius, fr. Gr. Allegory.]

Defn: Belonging to, or consisting of, allegory; of the nature of an
allegory; describing by resemblances; figurative. "An allegoric
tale." Falconer. "An allegorical application." Pope.
Allegorical being . . . that kind of language which says one thing,
but means another. Max Miller.
Al`le*gor"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Al`le*gor"ic*al*ness, n.

ALLEGORIST
Al"le*go*rist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. allegoriste.]

Defn: One who allegorizes; a writer of allegory. Hume.

ALLEGORIZATION
Al`le*gor"i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of turning into allegory, or of understanding in an
allegorical sense.

ALLEGORIZE
Al"le*go*rize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allegorized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Allegorizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. allégoriser, fr. L. allegorizare.]

1. To form or turn into allegory; as, to allegorize the history of a
people.

2. To treat as allegorical; to understand in an allegorical sense;
as, when a passage in a writer may understood literally or
figuratively, he who gives it a figurative sense is said to
allegorize it.

ALLEGORIZE
Al"le*go*rize, v. t.

Defn: To use allegory. Holland.

ALLEGORIZER
Al"le*go*ri`zer, n.

Defn: One who allegorizes, or turns things into allegory; an
allegorist.

ALLEGORY
Al"le*go*ry, n.; pl. Allegories. Etym: [L. allegoria, Gr. allégorie.]

1. A figurative sentence or discourse, in which the principal subject
is described by another subject resembling it in its properties and
circumstances. The real subject is thus kept out of view, and we are
left to collect the intentions of the writer or speaker by the
resemblance of the secondary to the primary subject.

2. Anything which represents by suggestive resemblance; an emblem.

3. (Paint. & Sculpt.)

Defn: A figure representation which has a meaning beyond notion
directly conveyed by the object painted or sculptured.

Syn.
 -- Metaphor; fable.
 -- Allegory, Parable. "An allegory differs both from fable and
parable, in that the properties of persons are fictitiously
represented as attached to things, to which they are as it were
transferred. . . . A figure of Peace and Victory crowning some
historical personage is an allegory. "I am the Vine, ye are the
branches" [John xv. 1-6] is a spoken allegory. In the parable there
is no transference of properties. The parable of the sower [Matt.
xiii. 3-23] represents all things as according to their proper
nature. In the allegory quoted above the properties of the vine and
the relation of the branches are transferred to the person of Christ
and His apostles and disciples." C. J. Smith.

Note: An allegory is a prolonged metaphor. Bunyan's "Pilgrim's
Progress" and Spenser's "Faërie Queene" are celebrated examples of
the allegory.

ALLEGRESSE
Al`le`gresse", n. Etym: [F. allégresse, fr. L. alacer sprightly.]

Defn: Joy; gladsomeness.

ALLEGRETTO
Al`le*gret"to, a. Etym: [It., dim. of allegro.] (Mus.)

Defn: Quicker than andante, but not so quick as allegro.
 -- n.

Defn: A movement in this time.

ALLEGRO
Al*le"gro, a. Etym: [It., merry, gay, fr. L. alacer lively. Cf.
Aleger.] (Mus.)

Defn: Brisk, lively.
 -- n.

Defn: An allegro movement; a quick, sprightly strain or piece.

ALLELOMORPH
Al*le"lo*morph, n. [Gr.  of one another + Gr.  form.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of the pure unit characters commonly existing singly or in
pairs in the germ cells of Mendelian hybrids, and exhibited in
varying proportion among the organisms themselves. Allelomorphs which
under certain circumstances are themselves compound are called
hypallelomorphs. See Mendel's law. -- Al*le`lo*mor"phic (#), a.

As we know that the several unit characters are of such a nature that
any one of them is capable of independently displacing or being
displaced by one or more alternative characters taken singly, we may
recognize this fact by naming such characters allelomorphs.
Bateson.

ALLELUIA; ALLELUIAH
Al`le*lu"ia, Al`le*lu"iah, n. Etym: [L. alleluia, Gr. hall-yah. See
Hallelujah.]

Defn: An exclamation signifying Praise ye Jehovah. Hence: A song of
praise to God. See Hallelujah, the commoner form.
I heard a great voice of much people in heaven, saying, Alleluia.
Rev. xix. 1.

ALLEMANDE
Al"le*mande", n. Etym: [F., fr. allemand German.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A dance in moderate twofold time, invented by the French in the
reign of Louis XIV.; -- now mostly found in suites of pieces, like
those of Bach and Handel.

2. A figure in dancing.

ALLEMANNIC
Al`le*man"nic, a.

Defn: See Alemannic.

ALLENARLY
Al*len"ar*ly, adv. Etym: [All + anerly singly, fr. ane one.]

Defn: Solely; only. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

ALLER
Al"ler, a. Etym: [For ealra, the AS. gen. pl. of eal all.]

Defn: Same as Alder, of all. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ALLERION
Al*le"ri*on, n. Etym: [F. alérion, LL. alario a sort of eagle; of
uncertain origin.] (Her.)

Defn: Am eagle without beak or feet, with expanded wings. Burke.

ALLEVIATE
Al*le"vi*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alleviated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Alleviating.] Etym: [LL. alleviare, fr. L. ad + levis light. See
Alegge, Levity.]

1. To lighten or lessen the force or weight of. [Obs.]
Should no others join capable to alleviate the expense. Evelyn.
Those large bladders . . . conduce much to the alleviating of the
body [of flying birds]. Ray.

2. To lighten or lessen (physical or mental troubles); to mitigate,
or make easier to be endured; as, to alleviate sorrow, pain, care,
etc. ; -- opposed to aggravate.
The calamity of the want of the sense of hearing is much alleviated
by giving the use of letters. Bp. Horsley.

3. To extenuate; to palliate. [R.]
He alleviates his fault by an excuse. Johnson.

Syn.
 -- To lessen; diminish; soften; mitigate; assuage; abate; relieve;
nullify; allay.
 -- To Alleviate, Mitigate, Assuage, Allay. These words have in
common the idea of relief from some painful state; and being all
figurative, they differ in their application, according to the image
under which this idea is presented. Alleviate supposes a load which
is lightened or taken off; as, to alleviate one's cares. Mitigate
supposes something fierce which is made mild; as, to mitigate one's
anguish. Assuage supposes something violent which is quieted; as, to
assuage one's sorrow. Allay supposes something previously excited,
but now brought down; as, to allay one's suffering or one's thirst.
To alleviate the distresses of life; to mitigate the fierceness of
passion or the violence of grief; to assuage angry feeling; to allay
wounded sensibility.

ALLEVIATION
Al*le`vi*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. alleviatio.]

1. The act of alleviating; a lightening of weight or severity;
mitigation; relief.

2. That which mitigates, or makes more tolerable.
I have not wanted such alleviations of life as friendship could
supply. Johnson.

ALLEVIATIVE
Al*le"vi*a*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to alleviate.
 -- n.

Defn: That which alleviates.

ALLEVIATOR
Al*le"vi*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, alleviaties.

ALLEVIATORY
Al*le"vi*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Alleviative. Carlyle.

ALLEY
Al"ley, n.; pl. Alleys. Etym: [OE. aley, alley, OF. alée, F. allée, a
going, passage, fr. OE. aler, F. aller, to go; of uncertain origin:
cf. Prov. anar, It. andare, Sp. andar.]

1. A narrow passage; especially a walk or passage in a garden or
park, bordered by rows of trees or bushes; a bordered way.
I know each lane and every alley green. Milton.

2. A narrow passage or way in a city, as distinct from a public
street. Gay.

3. A passageway between rows of pews in a church.

4. (Persp.)

Defn: Any passage having the entrance represented as wider than the
exit, so as to give the appearance of length.

5. The space between two rows of compositors' stands in a printing
office.

ALLEY
Al"ley, n.; pl. Alleys. Etym: [A contraction of alabaster, of which
it was originally made.]

Defn: A choice taw or marble. Dickens.

ALLEYED
Al"leyed, a.

Defn: Furnished with alleys; forming an alley. "An alleyed walk." Sir
W. Scott.

ALLEYWAY
Al"ley*way` n.

Defn: An alley.

ALL FOOLS' DAY
All" Fools' Day`.

Defn: The first day of April, a day on which sportive impositions are
practiced.
The first of April, some do say, Is set apart for All Fools' Day.
Poor Robin's Almanack (1760).

ALLFOURS
All`fours". Etym: [All + four (cards).]

Defn: A game at cards, called "High, Low, Jack, and the Game."

ALL FOURS
All` fours" Etym: [formerly, All` four".]

Defn: All four legs of a quadruped; or the two legs and two arms of a
person. To be, go, or run, on all fours (Fig.), to be on the same
footing; to correspond (with) exactly; to be alike in all the
circumstances to be considered. "This example is on all fours with
the other." "No simile can go on all fours." Macaulay.

ALL HAIL
All` hail". Etym: [All + hail, interj.]

Defn: All health; -- a phrase of salutation or welcome.

ALL-HAIL
All`-hail", v. t.

Defn: To salute; to greet. [Poet.]
Whiles I stood rapt in the wonder of it, came missives from the king,
who all-hailed me "Thane of Cawdor." Shak.

ALLHALLOND
All`hal"lond, n.

Defn: Allhallows. [Obs.] Shak.

ALLHALLOW
All`hal"low.

Defn: The evening before Allhallows. See Halloween.

ALLHALLOW; ALLHALLOWS
All`hal"low, All`hal"lows, n.

1. All the saints (in heaven). [Obs.]

2. All Saints' Day, November 1st. [Archaic]

ALLHALLOW EVE
All`hal"low eve` (ev`).

Defn: The evening before Allhallows. See Halloween.

ALLHALLOWMAS
All`hal"low*mas, n.

Defn: The feast of All Saints.

ALLHALLOWN
All`hal"lown, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the time of Allhallows. [Obs.] "Allhallown
summer." Shak. (i. e., late summer; "Indian Summer").

ALLHALLOWTIDE
All`hal"low*tide`, n. Etym: [AS. tid time.]

Defn: The time at or near All Saints, or November 1st.

ALLHEAL
All"heal, n.

Defn: A name popularly given to the officinal valerian, and to some
other plants.

ALLIABLE
Al*li"a*ble, a.

Defn: Able to enter into alliance.

ALLIACEOUS
Al`li*a"ceous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the genus Allium, or garlic, onions, leeks,
etc.; having the smell or taste of garlic or onions.

ALLIANCE
Al*li"ance, n. Etym: [OE. aliaunce, OF. aliance, F. alliance, fr. OF.
alier, F. allier. See Ally, and cf. LL. alligantia.]

1. The state of being allied; the act of allying or uniting; a union
or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc.,
especially between families by marriage and states by compact,
treaty, or league; as, matrimonial alliances; an alliance between
church and state; an alliance between France and England.

2. Any union resembling that of families or states; union by
relationship in qualities; affinity.
The alliance of the principles of the world with those of the gospel.
C. J. Smith.
The alliance . . . between logic and metaphysics. Mansel.

3. The persons or parties allied. Udall.

Syn.
 -- Connection; affinity; union; confederacy; confederation; league;
coalition.

ALLIANCE
Al*li"ance, v. t.

Defn: To connect by alliance; to ally. [Obs.]

ALLIANT
Al*li"ant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alliant, p. pr.]

Defn: An ally; a confederate. [Obs. & R.] Sir H. Wotton.

ALLICE; ALLIS
Al"lice, Al"lis, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European shad (Clupea vulgaris); allice shad. See Alose.

ALLICIENCY
Al*li"cien*cy, n.

Defn: Attractive power; attractiveness. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ALLICIENT
Al*li"cient, a. Etym: [L. alliciens, p. pr. of allicere to allure; ad
+ lacere to entice.]

Defn: That attracts; attracting.
 -- n.

Defn: That attracts. [Rare or Obs.]

ALLIED
Al*lied", a.

Defn: United; joined; leagued; akin; related. See Ally.

ALLIGATE
Al*li*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. alligatus, p. p. of alligare. See Ally.]

Defn: To tie; to unite by some tie.
Instincts alligated to their nature. Sir M. Hale.

ALLIGATION
Al`li*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. alligatio.]

1. The act of tying together or attaching by some bond, or the state
of being attached. [R.]

2. (Arith.)

Defn: A rule relating to the solution of questions concerning the
compounding or mixing of different ingredients, or ingredients of
different qualities or values.

Note: The rule is named from the method of connecting together the
terms by certain ligature-like signs. Alligation is of two kinds,
medial and alternate; medial teaching the method of finding the price
or quality of a mixture of several simple ingredients whose prices
and qualities are known; alternate, teaching the amount of each of
several simple ingredients whose prices or qualities are known, which
will be required to make a mixture of given price or quality.

ALLIGATOR
Al"li*ga`tor, n. Etym: [Sp. el lagarto the lizard (el lagarto de
Indias, the cayman or American crocodile), fr. L. lacertus, lacerta,
lizard. See Lizard.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large carnivorous reptile of the Crocodile family, peculiar
to America. It has a shorter and broader snout than the crocodile,
and the large teeth of the lower jaw shut into pits in the upper jaw,
which has no marginal notches. Besides the common species of the
southern United States, there are allied species in South America.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: Any machine with strong jaws, one of which opens like the
movable jaw of an alligator; as, (a) (Metal Working)

Defn: a form of squeezer for the puddle ball;
(b) (Mining) a rock breaker;
(c) (Printing) a kind of job press, called also alligator press.
Alligator apple (Bot.), the fruit of the Anona palustris, a West
Indian tree. It is said to be narcotic in its properties. Loudon.
 -- Alligator fish (Zoöl.), a marine fish of northwestern America
(Podothecus acipenserinus).
 -- Alligator gar (Zoöl.), one of the gar pikes (Lepidosteus spatula)
found in the southern rivers of the United States. The name is also
applied to other species of gar pikes.
 -- Alligator pear (Bot.), a corruption of Avocado pear. See Avocado.
 -- Alligator snapper, Alligator tortoise, Alligator turtle (Zoöl.),
a very large and voracious turtle (Macrochelys lacertina) in habiting
the rivers of the southern United States. It sometimes reaches the
weight of two hundred pounds. Unlike the common snapping turtle, to
which the name is sometimes erroneously applied, it has a scaly head
and many small scales beneath the tail. This name is sometimes given
to other turtles, as to species of Trionyx.
 -- Alligator wood, the timber of a tree of the West Indies (Guarea
Swartzii).

ALLIGATOR WRENCH
Al"li*ga`tor wrench. (Mech.)

Defn: A kind of pipe wrench having a flaring jaw with teeth on one
side.

ALLIGNMENT
Al*lign"ment, n.

Defn: See Alignment.

ALLINEATE
Al*lin"e*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. ad + lineatus, p. p. of lineare to draw
a line.]

Defn: To align. [R.] Herschel.

ALLINEATION; ALINEEATION
Al*lin`e*a"tion, A*line`e*a"tion, n.

Defn: Alignment; position in a straight line, as of two planets with
the sun. Whewell.
The allineation of the two planets. C. A. Young.

ALLISION
Al*li"sion, n. Etym: [L. allisio, fr. allidere, to strike or dash
against; ad + laedere to dash against.]

Defn: The act of dashing against, or striking upon.
The boisterous allision of the sea. Woodward.

ALLITERAL
Al*lit"er*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by alliteration.

ALLITERATE
Al*lit"er*ate, v. t.

Defn: To employ or place so as to make alliteration. Skeat.

ALLITERATE
Al*lit"er*ate, v. i.

Defn: To compose alliteratively; also, to constitute alliteration.

ALLITERATION
Al*lit`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. ad + litera letter. See Letter.]

Defn: The repetition of the same letter at the beginning of two or
more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short intervals;
as in the following lines: -
Behemoth, biggest born of earth, upheaved His vastness. Milton.
Fly o'er waste fens and windy fields. Tennyson.

Note: The recurrence of the same letter in accented parts of words is
also called alliteration. Anglo-Saxon poetry is characterized by
alliterative meter of this sort. Later poets also employed it.
In a somer seson whan soft was the sonne, I shope me in shroudes as I
a shepe were. P. Plowman.

ALLITERATIVE
Al*lit"er*a*tive, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, alliteration; as,
alliterative poetry.
 -- Al*lit"er*a*tive*ly, adv.
 -- Al*lit"er*a*tive*ness, n.

ALLITERATOR
Al*lit"er*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who alliterates.

ALLIUM
Al"li*um, n. Etym: [L., garlic.] (bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, including the onion, garlic, leek, chive,
etc.

ALLMOUTH
All"mouth`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The angler.

ALLNESS
All"ness, n.

Defn: Totality; completeness. [R.]
The allness of God, including his absolute spirituality, supremacy,
and eternity. R. Turnbull.

ALLNIGHT
All"night`, n.

Defn: Light, fuel, or food for the whole night. [Obs.] Bacon.

ALLOCATE
Al"lo*cate, v. t. Etym: [LL. allocatus, p. p. of allocare, fr. L. ad
+ locare to place. See Allow.]

1. To distribute or assign; to allot. Burke.

2. To localize. [R.]

ALLOCATION
Al`lo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [LL. allocatio: cf. F. allocation.]

1. The act of putting one thing to another; a placing; disposition;
arrangement. Hallam.

2. An allotment or apportionment; as, an allocation of shares in a
company.
The allocation of the particular portions of Palestine to its
successive inhabitants. A. R. Stanley.

3. The admission of an item in an account, or an allowance made upon
an account; -- a term used in the English exchequer.

ALLOCATUR
Al`lo*ca"tur, n. Etym: [LL., it is allowed, fr. allocare to allow.]
(Law)

Defn: "Allowed." The word allocatur expresses the allowance of a
proceeding, writ, order, etc., by a court, judge, or judicial
officer.

ALLOCHROIC
Al`lo*chro"ic, a.

Defn: Changeable in color.

ALLOCHROITE
Al*loch"ro*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Garnet.

ALLOCHROOUS
Al*loch"ro*ous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Changing color.

ALLOCUTION
Al`lo*cu"tion, n. Etym: [L. allocuto, fr. alloqui to speak to; ad +
loqui to speak: cf. F. allocution.]

1. The act or manner of speaking to, or of addressing in words.

2. An address; a hortatory or authoritative address as of a pope to
his clergy. Addison.

ALLOD
Al"lod, n.

Defn: See Allodium.

ALLODIAL
Al*lo"di*al, a. Etym: [LL. allodialis, fr. allodium: cf. F. allodial.
See Allodium.] (Law)

Defn: Pertaining to allodium; freehold; free of rent or service; held
independent of a lord paramount; -- opposed to feudal; as, allodial
lands; allodial system. Blackstone.

ALLODIAL
Al*lo"di*al, a.

Defn: Anything held allodially. W. Coxe.

ALLODIALISM
Al*lo"di*al*ism, n.

Defn: The allodial system.

ALLODIALIST
Al*lo"di*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who holds allodial land.

ALLODIALLY
Al*lo"di*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By allodial tenure.

ALLODIARY
Al*lo"di*a*ry, n.

Defn: One who holds an allodium.

ALLODIUM
Al*lo"di*um, n. Etym: [LL. allodium, alodium, alodis, alaudis, of
Ger. origin; cf. OHG. al all, and (AS. ead) possession, property. It
means, therefore, entirely one's property.] (Law)

Defn: Freehold estate; land which is the absolute property of the
owner; real estate held in absolute independence, without being
subject to any rent, service, or acknowledgment to a superior. It is
thus opposed to feud. Blackstone. Bouvier.

ALLOGAMOUS
Al*log"a*mous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Characterized by allogamy.

ALLOGAMY
Al*log"a*my n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Fertilization of the pistil of a plant by pollen from another
of the same species; cross-fertilization.

ALLOGENEOUS
Al`lo*ge"ne*ous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Different in nature or kind. [R.]

ALLOGRAPH
Al"lo*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: A writing or signature made by some person other than any of
the parties thereto; -- opposed to autograph.

ALLOMERISM
Al*lom"er*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Variability in chemical constitution without variation in
crystalline form.

ALLOMEROUS
Al*lom"er*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Characterized by allomerism.

ALLOMORPH
Al"lo*morph, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)
(a) Any one of two or more distinct crystalline forms of the same
substance; or the substance having such forms; -- as, carbonate of
lime occurs in the allomorphs calcite and aragonite.
(b) A variety of pseudomorph which has undergone partial or complete
change or substitution of material; -- thus limonite is frequently an
allomorph after pyrite. G. H. Williams.

ALLOMORPHIC
Al`lo*mor"phic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to allomorphism.

ALLOMORPHISM
Al`lo*mor"phism, n. (Min.)

Defn: The property which constitutes an allomorph; the change
involved in becoming an allomorph.

ALLONGE
Al*longe", n. Etym: [F. allonge, earlier alonge, a lengthening. See
Allonge, v., and cf. Lunge.]

1. (Fencing)

Defn: A thrust or pass; a lunge.

2. A slip of paper attached to a bill of exchange for receiving
indorsements, when the back of the bill itself is already full; a
rider. [A French usage] Abbott.

ALLONGE
Al*longe", v. i. Etym: [F. allonger; à (L. ad) + long (L. longus)
long.]

Defn: To thrust with a sword; to lunge.

ALLONYM
Al"lo*nym, n. Etym: [F. allonyme, fr. Gr.

1. The name of another person assumed by the author of a work.

2. A work published under the name of some one other than the author.

ALLONYMOUS
Al*lon"y*mous, a.

Defn: Published under the name of some one other than the author.

ALLOO
Al*loo", v. t. or i. Etym: [See Halloo.]

Defn: To incite dogs by a call; to halloo. [Obs.]

ALLOPATH
Al"lo*path, n. Etym: [Cf. F. allopathe.]

Defn: An allopathist. Ed. Rev.

ALLOPATHIC
Al`lo*path"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. allopathique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to allopathy.

ALLOPATHICALLY
Al`lo*path"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner conformable to allopathy; by allopathic methods.

ALLOPATHIST
Al*lop"a*thist, n.

Defn: One who practices allopathy; one who professes allopathy.

ALLOPATHY
Al*lop"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr. allopathie, F. allopathie. See Pathos.]

Defn: That system of medical practice which aims to combat disease by
the use of remedies which produce effects different from those
produced by the special disease treated; -- a term invented by
Hahnemann to designate the ordinary practice, as opposed to
homeopathy.

ALLOPHYLIC; ALLOPHYLIAN
Al`lo*phyl"ic, Al`lo*phyl"i*an, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to a race or a language neither Aryan nor Semitic.
J. Prichard.

ALLOQUY
Al"lo*quy, n. Etym: [L. alloquim, fr. alloqui.]

Defn: A speaking to another; an address. [Obs.]

ALLOT
Al*lot", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Allotting.]
Etym: [OF. aloter, F. allotir; a (L. ad) + lot lot. See Lot.]

1. To distribute by lot.

2. To distribute, or parcel out in parts or portions; or to
distribute to each individual concerned; to assign as a share or lot;
to set apart as one's share; to bestow on; to grant; to appoint; as,
let every man be contented with that which Providence allots him.
Ten years I will allot to the attainment of knowledge. Johnson.

ALLOTHEISM
Al"lo*the*ism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The worship of strange gods. Jer. Taylor.

ALLOTMENT
Al*lot"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. alotement, F. allotement.]

1. The act of allotting; assignment.

2. That which is allotted; a share, part, or portion granted or
distributed; that which is assigned by lot, or by the act of God;
anything set apart for a special use or to a distinct party.
The alloments of God and nature. L'Estrange.
A vineyard and an allotment for olives and herbs. Broome.

3. (law)

Defn: The allowance of a specific amount of scrip or of a particular
thing to a particular person. Cottage allotment, an allotment of a
small portion of land to a country laborer for garden cultivation.
[Eng.]

ALLOTRIOPHAGY
Al`lo*tri*oph"a*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. allotriophagie.] (Med.)

Defn: A depraved appetite; a desire for improper food.

ALLOTROPHIC
Al`lo*troph"ic, a. [Gr.  other + trophic.]
 (a) (Physiol.) Changed or modified in nutritive power by the process
of digestion.
 (b) (Plant Physiol.) Dependent upon other organisms for nutrition;
heterotrophic; -- said of plants unable to perform photosynthesis, as
all saprophytes; -- opposed to autotrophic.

ALLOTROPIC; ALLOTROPICAL
Al`lo*trop"ic, Al`lo*trop"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. allotropique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to allotropism.
 -- Al`lo*trop"ic*al*ly, adv. Allotropic state, the several
conditions which occur in a case of allotropism.

ALLOTROPICITY
Al*lot`ro*pic"i*ty, n.

Defn: Allotropic property or nature.

ALLOTROPISM; ALLOTROPY
Al*lot"ro*pism, Al*lot"ro*py, n. Etym: [Gr. allotropie.] (Chem.)

Defn: The property of existing in two or more conditions which are
distinct in their physical or chemical relations.

Note: Thus, carbon occurs crystallized in octahedrons and other
related forms, in a state of extreme hardness, in the diamond; it
occurs in hexagonal forms, and of little hardness, in black lead; and
again occurs in a third form, with entire softness, in lampblack and
charcoal. In some cases, one of these is peculiarly an active state,
and the other a passive one. Thus, ozone is an active state of
oxygen, and is distinct from ordinary oxygen, which is the element in
its passive state.

ALLOTROPIZE
Al*lot"ro*pize, v. t.

Defn: To change in physical properties but not in substance. [R.]

ALLOTTABLE
Al*lot"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being allotted.

ALLOTTEE
Al*lot`tee", n.

Defn: One to whom anything is allotted; one to whom an allotment is
made.

ALLOTTER
Al*lot"ter, n.

Defn: One who allots.

ALLOTTERY
Al*lot"ter*y, n.

Defn: Allotment. [Obs.] Shak.

ALLOW
Al*low", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Allowing.]
Etym: [OE. alouen, OF. alouer, aloer, aluer, F. allouer, fr. LL.
allocare to admit as proved, to place, use; confused with OF. aloer,
fr. L. allaudare to extol; ad + laudare to praise. See Local, and cf.
Allocate, Laud.]

1. To praise; to approve of; hence, to sanction. [Obs. or Archaic]
Ye allow the deeds of your fathers. Luke xi. 48.
We commend his pains, condemn his pride, allow his life, approve his
learning. Fuller.

2. To like; to be suited or pleased with. [Obs.]
How allow you the model of these clothes Massinger.

3. To sanction; to invest; to intrust. [Obs.]
Thou shalt be . . . allowed with absolute power. Shak.

4. To grant, give, admit, accord, afford, or yield; to let one have;
as, to allow a servant his liberty; to allow a free passage; to allow
one day for rest.
He was allowed about three hundred pounds a year. Macaulay.

5. To own or acknowledge; to accept as true; to concede; to accede to
an opinion; as, to allow a right; to allow a claim; to allow the
truth of a proposition.
I allow, with Mrs. Grundy and most moralists, that Miss Newcome's
conduct . . . was highly reprehensible. Thackeray.

6. To grant (something) as a deduction or an addition; esp. to abate
or deduct; as, to allow a sum for leakage.

7. To grant license to; to permit; to consent to; as, to allow a son
to be absent.

Syn.
 -- To allot; assign; bestow; concede; admit; permit; suffer;
tolerate. See Permit.

ALLOW
Al*low", v. i.

Defn: To admit; to concede; to make allowance or abatement.
Allowing still for the different ways of making it. Addison.
To allow of, to permit; to admit. Shak.

ALLOWABLE
Al*low"a*ble, a. Etym: [F. allouable.]

1. Praiseworthy; laudable. [Obs.] Hacket.

2. Proper to be, or capable of being, allowed; permissible;
admissible; not forbidden; not unlawful or improper; as, a certain
degree of freedom is allowable among friends.

ALLOWABLENESS
Al*low"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being allowable; permissibleness; lawfulness;
exemption from prohibition or impropriety. South.

ALLOWABLY
Al*low"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an allowable manner.

ALLOWANCE
Al*low"ance, n. Etym: [OF. alouance.]

1. Approval; approbation. [Obs.] Crabbe.

2. The act of allowing, granting, conceding, or admitting;
authorization; permission; sanction; tolerance.
Without the king's will or the state's allowance. Shak.

3. Acknowledgment.
The censure of the which one must in your allowance o'erweigh a whole
theater of others. Shak.

4. License; indulgence. [Obs.] Locke.

5. That which is allowed; a share or portion allotted or granted; a
sum granted as a reimbursement, a bounty, or as appropriate for any
purpose; a stated quantity, as of food or drink; hence, a limited
quantity of meat and drink, when provisions fall short.
I can give the boy a handsome allowance. Thackeray.

6. Abatement; deduction; the taking into account of mitigating
circumstances; as, to make allowance for the inexperience of youth.
After making the largest allowance for fraud. Macaulay.

7. (com.)

Defn: A customary deduction from the gross weight of goods, different
in different countries, such as tare and tret.

ALLOWANCE
Al*low"ance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allowancing.] Etym: [See Allowance,
n.]

Defn: To put upon a fixed allowance (esp. of provisions and drink);
to supply in a fixed and limited quantity; as, the captain was
obliged to allowance his crew; our provisions were allowanced.

ALLOWEDLY
Al*low"ed*ly adv.

Defn: By allowance; admittedly. Shenstone.

ALLOWER
Al*low"er, n.

1. An approver or abettor. [Obs.]

2. One who allows or permits.

ALLOXAN
Al*lox"an, n. Etym: [Allantoin + oxalic, as containing the elements
of allantion and oxalic acid.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oxidation product of uric acid. It is of a pale reddish
color, readily soluble in water or alcohol.

ALLOXANATE
Al*lox"a*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A combination of alloxanic acid and a base or base or positive
radical.

ALLOXANIC
Al`lox*an"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to alloxan; -- applied to an acid obtained by
the action of soluble alkalies on alloxan.

ALLOXANTIN
Al`lox*an"tin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance produced by acting upon uric with warm and very
dilute nitric acid.

ALLOY
Al*loy", n. Etym: [OE. alai, OF. alei, F. aloyer, to alloy, alier to
ally. See Alloy, v. t.]

1. Any combination or compound of metals fused together; a mixture of
metals; for example, brass, which is an alloy of copper and zinc. But
when mercury is one of the metals, the compound is called an amalgam.

2. The quality, or comparative purity, of gold or silver; fineness.

3. A baser metal mixed with a finer.
Fine silver is silver without the mixture of any baser metal. Alloy
is baser metal mixed with it. Locke.

4. Admixture of anything which lessens the value or detracts from;
as, no happiness is without alloy. "Pure English without Latin
alloy." F. Harrison.

ALLOY
Al*loy", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alloyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Alloying.]
Etym: [F. aloyer, OF. alier, allier, later allayer, fr. L. aligare.
See Alloy, n., Ally, v.t., and cf. Allay.]

1. To reduce the purity of by mixing with a less valuable substance;
as, to alloy gold with silver or copper, or silver with copper.

2. To mix, as metals, so as to form a compound.

3. To abate, impair, or debase by mixture; to allay; as, to alloy
pleasure with misfortunes.

ALLOY
Al*loy", v. t.

Defn: To form a metallic compound.
Gold and iron alloy with ease. Ure.

ALLOYAGE
Al*loy"age, n. Etym: [F. aloyage.]

Defn: The act or art of alloying metals; also, the combination or
alloy.

ALLOY STEEL
Al"loy steel.

Defn: Any steel containing a notable quantity of some other metal
alloyed with the iron, usually chromium, nickel, manganese, tungsten,
or vanadium.

ALL-POSSESSED
All`-pos*sessed", a.

Defn: Controlled by an evil spirit or by evil passions; wild.
[Colloq.]

ALL SAINTS; ALL SAINTS'
All" Saints`, All" Saints',

Defn: The first day of November, called, also, Allhallows or
Hallowmas; a feast day kept in honor of all the saints; also, the
season of this festival.

ALL SOULS' DAY
All" Souls' Day`.

Defn: The second day of November; a feast day of the Roman Catholic
church, on which supplications are made for the souls of the faithful
dead.

ALLSPICE
All"spice`, n.

Defn: The berry of the pimento (Eugenia pimenta), a tree of the West
Indies; a spice of a mildly pungent taste, and agreeably aromatic;
Jamaica pepper; pimento. It has been supposed to combine the flavor
of cinnamon, nutmegs, and cloves; and hence the name. The name is
also given to other aromatic shrubs; as, the Carolina allspice
(Calycanthus floridus); wild allspice (Lindera benzoin), called also
spicebush, spicewood, and feverbush.

ALLTHING
All`thing`, adv. Etym: [For in all (= every) thing.]

Defn: Altogether. [Obs.] Shak.

ALLUDE
Al*lude", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Alluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Alluding.]
Etym: [L. alludere to play with, to allude; ad + ludere to play.]

Defn: To refer to something indirectly or by suggestion; to have
reference to a subject not specifically and plainly mentioned; --
followed by to; as, the story alludes to a recent transaction.
These speeches . . . do seem to allude unto such ministerial garments
as were then in use. Hooker.

Syn.
 -- To refer; point; indicate; hint; suggest; intimate; signify;
insinuate; advert. See Refer.

ALLUDE
Al*lude", v. t.

Defn: To compare allusively; to refer (something) as applicable.
[Obs.] Wither.

ALLUMETTE
Al`lu`mette, n. Etym: [F., from allumer to light.]

Defn: A match for lighting candles, lamps, etc.

ALLUMINOR
Al*lu"mi*nor, n. Etym: [OF. alumineor, fr. L. ad + liminare. See
Luminate.]

Defn: An illuminator of manuscripts and books; a limner. [Obs.]
Cowell.

ALLURANCE
Al*lur"ance, n.

Defn: Allurement. [R.]

ALLURE
Al*lure", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Alluring.]
Etym: [OF. aleurrer, alurer, fr. a (L. ad) + leurre lure. See Lure.]

Defn: To attempt to draw; to tempt by a lure or bait, that is, by the
offer of some good, real or apparent; to invite by something
flattering or acceptable; to entice; to attract.
With promised joys allured them on. Falconer.
The golden sun in splendor likest Heaven Allured his eye. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To attract; entice; tempt; decoy; seduce.
 -- To Allure, Entice, Decoy, Seduce. These words agree in the idea
of acting upon the mind by some strong controlling influence, and
differ according to the image under which is presented. They are all
used in a bad sense, except allure, which has sometimes (though
rarely) a good one. We are allured by the prospect or offer (usually
deceptive) of some future good. We are commonly enticed into evil by
appeals to our passions. We are decoyed into danger by false
appearances or representations. We are seduced when drawn aside from
the path of rectitude. What allures draws by gentle means; what
entices leads us by promises and persuasions; what decoys betrays us,
as it were, into a snare or net; what seduces deceives us by artful
appeals to the passions.

ALLURE
Al*lure", n.

Defn: Allurement. [R.] Hayward.

ALLURE
Al`lure", n. Etym: [F.; aller to go.]

Defn: Gait; bearing.
The swing, the gait, the pose, the allure of these men. Harper's Mag.

ALLUREMENT
Al*lure"ment, n.

1. The act alluring; temptation; enticement.
Though Adam by his wife's allurement fell. Milton.

2. That which allures; any real or apparent good held forth, or
operating, as a motive to action; as, the allurements of pleasure, or
of honor.

ALLURER
Al*lur"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, allures.

ALLURING
Al*lur"ing, a.

Defn: That allures; attracting; charming; tempting.
 -- Al*lur"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Al*lur"ing*ness, n.

ALLUSION
Al*lu"sion, n. Etym: [L. allusio, fr. alludere to allude: cf. F.
allusion.]

1. A figurative or symbolical reference. [Obs.]

2. A reference to something supposed to be known, but not explicitly
mentioned; a covert indication; indirect reference; a hint.

ALLUSIVE
Al*lu"sive, a.

1. Figurative; symbolical.

2. Having reference to something not fully expressed; containing an
allusion.

ALLUSIVELY
Al*lu"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: Figuratively [Obs.]; by way of allusion; by implication,
suggestion, or insinuation.

ALLUSIVENESS
Al*lu"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being allusive.

ALLUSORY
Al*lu"so*ry, a.

Defn: Allusive. [R.] Warburton.

ALLUVIAL
Al*lu"vi*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. alluvial. See Alluvion.]

Defn: Pertaining to, contained in, or composed of, alluvium; relating
to the deposits made by flowing water; washed away from one place and
deposited in another; as, alluvial soil, mud, accumulations,
deposits.

ALLUVION
Al*lu"vi*on, n. Etym: [F. alluvion, L. alluvio, fr. alluere to wash
against; ad + luere, equiv. to lavare, to wash. See Lave.]

1. Wash or flow of water against the shore or bank.

2. An overflowing; an inundation; a flood. Lyell.

3. Matter deposited by an inundation or the action of flowing water;
alluvium.
The golden alluvions are there [in California and Australia] spread
over a far wider space: they are found not only on the banks of
rivers, and in their beds, but are scattered over the surface of vast
plains. R. Cobden.

4. (Law)

Defn: An accession of land gradually washed to the shore or bank by
the flowing of water. See Accretion.

ALLUVIOUS
Al*lu"vi*ous, n. Etym: [L. alluvius. See Alluvion.]

Defn: Alluvial. [R.] Johnson.

ALLUVIUM
Al*lu"vi*um, n.; pl. E. Alluviums, L. Alluvia. Etym: [L., neut. of
alluvius. See Alluvious.] (Geol.)

Defn: Deposits of earth, sand, gravel, and other transported matter,
made by rivers, floods, or other causes, upon land not permanently
submerged beneath the waters of lakes or seas. Lyell.

ALLWHERE
All"where`, adv.

Defn: Everywhere. [Archaic]

ALLWORK
All"work`, n.

Defn: Domestic or other work of all kinds; as, a maid of allwork,
that is, a general servant.

ALLY
Al*ly", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allied; p. pr. & vb. n. Allying.] Etym:
[OE. alien, OF. alier, F. alier, fr. L. alligare to bind to; ad +
ligare to bind. Cf. Alligate, Alloy, Allay, Ligament.]

1. To unite, or form a connection between, as between families by
marriage, or between princes and states by treaty, league, or
confederacy; -- often followed by to or with.
O chief! in blood, and now in arms allied. Pope.

2. To connect or form a relation between by similitude, resemblance,
friendship, or love.
These three did love each other dearly well, And with so firm
affection were allied. Spenser.
The virtue nearest to our vice allied. Pope.

Note: Ally is generally used in the passive form or reflexively.

ALLY
Al*ly", n.; pl. Allies. Etym: [See Ally, v.]

1. A relative; a kinsman. [Obs.] Shak.

2. One united to another by treaty or league; -- usually applied to
sovereigns or states; a confederate.
The English soldiers and their French allies. Macaulay.

3. Anything associated with another as a helper; an auxiliary.
Science, instead of being the enemy of religion, becomes its ally.
Buckle.

4. Anything akin to another by structure, etc.

ALLY
Al"ly, n.

Defn: See Alley, a marble or taw.

ALLYL
Al"lyl, n. Etym: [L. allium garlic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: An organic radical, C3H5, existing especially in oils of garlic
and mustard.

ALLYLENE
Al"ly*lene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A gaseous hydrocarbon, C3H4, homologous with acetylene;
propine. CH3.C.CH

ALMA; ALMAH
Al"ma, Al"mah, n.

Defn: Same as Alme.

ALMACANTAR
Al`ma*can"tar, n. (Astron.)
(a) Same as Almucantar.
(b) A recently invented instrument for observing the heavenly bodies
as they cross a given almacantar circle. See Almucantar.

ALMADIA; ALMADIE
Al`ma*di"a, Al"ma*die, n. Etym: [F. almadie (cf. Sp. & Pg. almadia),
fr. Ar. alma'diyah a raft, float.] (Naut.)
(a) A bark canoe used by the Africans.
(b) A boat used at Calicut, in India, about eighty feet long, and six
or seven broad.

ALMAGEST
Al"ma*gest, n. Etym: [F. almageste, LL. almageste, Ar. al-majisti,
fr. Gr.

Defn: The celebrated work of Ptolemy of Alexandria, which contains
nearly all that is known of the astronomical observations and
theories of the ancients. The name was extended to other similar
works.

ALMAGRA
Al*ma"gra, n. Etym: [Sp. almagra, almagre, fr. Ar. al-maghrah red
clay or earth.]

Defn: A fine, deep red ocher, somewhat purplish, found in Spain. It
is the sil atticum of the ancients. Under the name of Indian red it
is used for polishing glass and silver.

ALMAIN; ALMAYNE; ALMAN
Al"main, Al"mayne, Al"man, n. Etym: [OF. Aleman, F. Allemand, fr. L.
Alemanni, ancient Ger. tribes.] [Obs.]

1. A German. Also adj.,

Defn: German. Shak.

2. The German language. J. Foxe.

3. A kind of dance. See Allemande. Almain rivets, Almayne rivets, or
Alman rivets, a sort of light armor from Germany, characterized by
overlapping plates, arranged to slide on rivets, and thus afford
great flexibility.

ALMA MATER
Al"ma Ma"ter. Etym: [L., fostering mother.]

Defn: A college or seminary where one is educated.

ALMANAC
Al"ma*nac, n. Etym: [LL. almanac, almanach: cf. F. almanach, Sp.
almanaque, It. almanacco, all of uncertain origin.]

Defn: A book or table, containing a calendar of days, and months, to
which astronomical data and various statistics are often added, such
as the times of the rising and setting of the sun and moon, eclipses,
hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, terms of courts,
etc. Nautical almanac, an almanac, or year book, containing
astronomical calculations (lunar, stellar, etc.), and other
information useful to mariners.

ALMANDINE
Al"man*dine, n. Etym: [LL. almandina, alamandina, for L. alabandina a
precious stone, named after Alabanda, a town in Caria, where it was
first and chiefly found: cf. F. almandine.] (Min.)

Defn: The common red variety of garnet.

ALME; ALMEH
Al"me, Al"meh, n. Etym: [Ar. 'almah (fem.) learned, fr. 'alama to
know: cf. F. almée.]

Defn: An Egyptian dancing girl; an Alma.
The Almehs lift their arms in dance. Bayard Taylor.

ALMENDRON
Al`men*dron", n. Etym: [Sp., fr. almendra almond.]

Defn: The lofty Brazil-nut tree.

ALMERY
Al"mer*y, n.

Defn: See Ambry. [Obs.]

ALMESSE
Alm"esse, n.

Defn: See Alms. [Obs.]

ALMIGHTFUL; ALMIGHTIFUL
Al*might"ful, Al*might"i*ful, a.

Defn: All-powerful; almighty. [Obs.] Udall.

ALMIGHTILY
Al*might"i*ly, adv.

Defn: With almighty power.

ALMIGHTINESS
Al*might"i*ness, n.

Defn: Omnipotence; infinite or boundless power; unlimited might. Jer.
Taylor.

ALMIGHTY
Al*might"y, a. Etym: [AS. ealmihtig, ælmihtig; eal (OE. al) ail +
mihtig mighty.]

1. Unlimited in might; omnipotent; all-powerful; irresistible.
I am the Almighty God. Gen. xvii. 1.

2. Great; extreme; terrible. [Slang]
Poor Aroar can not live, and can not die, -- so that he is in an
almighty fix. De Quincey.
The Almighty, the omnipotent God. Rev. i. 8.

ALMNER
Alm"ner, n.

Defn: An almoner. [Obs.] Spenser.

ALMOND
Alm"ond, n. Etym: [OE. almande, almaunde, alemaunde, F. amande, L.
amygdala, fr. Gr. almendra. Cf. Amygdalate.]

1. The fruit of the almond tree.

Note: The different kinds, as bitter, sweet, thin-shelled, thick-
shelled almonds, and Jordan almonds, are the products of different
varieties of the one species, Amygdalus communis, a native of the
Mediterranean region and western Asia.

2. The tree bears the fruit; almond tree.

3. Anything shaped like an almond. Specifically: (Anat.)

Defn: One of the tonsils. Almond oil, fixed oil expressed from sweet
or bitter almonds.
 -- Oil of bitter almonds, a poisonous volatile oil obtained from
bitter almonds by maceration and distillation; benzoic aldehyde.
 -- Imitation oil of bitter almonds, nitrobenzene.
 -- Almond tree (Bot.), the tree bearing the almond.
 -- Almond willow (Bot.), a willow which has leaves that are of a
light green on both sides; almond-leaved willow (Salix amygdalina).
Shenstone.

ALMOND FURNACE
Al"mond fur`nace. Etym: [Prob. a corruption of Almain furnace, i. e.,
German furnace. See Almain.]

Defn: A kind of furnace used in refining, to separate the metal from
cinders and other foreign matter. Chambers.

ALMONDINE
Al"mon*dine, n.

Defn: See Almandine

ALMONER
Al"mon*er, n. Etym: [OE. aumener, aulmener, OF. almosnier, aumosnier,
F. aumônier, fr. OF. almosne, alms, L. eleemosyna. See Alms.]

Defn: One who distributes alms, esp. the doles and alms of religious
houses, almshouses, etc.; also, one who dispenses alms for another,
as the almoner of a prince, bishop, etc.

ALMONERSHIP
Al"mon*er*ship, n.

Defn: The office of an almoner.

ALMONRY
Al"mon*ry, n.; pl. Almonries. Etym: [OF. aumosnerie, F. aumônerie,
fr. OF. aumosnier. See Almoner.]

Defn: The place where an almoner resides, or where alms are
distributed.

ALMOSE
Al"mose, n.

Defn: Alms. [Obs.] Cheke.

ALMOST
Al"most, adv. Etym: [AS. ealmæst, ælmæst, quite the most, almost all;
eal (OE. al) all + m most.]

Defn: Nearly; well nigh; all but; for the greatest part.
Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian. Acts xxvi. 28.
Almost never, scarcely ever.
 -- Almost nothing, scarcely anything.

ALMRY
Alm"ry, n.

Defn: See Almonry. [Obs.]

ALMS
Alms, n. sing. & pl. Etym: [OE. almes, almesse, AS. ælmysse, fr. L.
eleemosyna, Gr. Almonry, Eleemosynary.]

Defn: Anything given gratuitously to relieve the poor, as money,
food, or clothing; a gift of charity.
A devout man . . . which gave much alms to the people. Acts x. 2.
Alms are but the vehicles of prayer. Dryden.
Tenure by free alms. See Frankalmoign. Blackstone.

Note: This word alms is singular in its form (almesse), and is
sometimes so used; as, "asked an alms." Acts iii. 3."Received an
alms." Shak. It is now, however, commonly a collective or plural
noun. It is much used in composition, as almsgiver, almsgiving, alms
bag, alms chest, etc.

ALMSDEED
Alms"deed`, n.

Defn: An act of charity. Acts ix. 36.

ALMSFOLK
Alms"folk`, n.

Defn: Persons supported by alms; almsmen. [Archaic] Holinshed.

ALMSGIVER
Alms"giv`er, n.

Defn: A giver of alms.

ALMSGIVING
Alms"giv`ing, n.

Defn: The giving of alms.

ALMSHOUSE
Alms"house`, n.

Defn: A house appropriated for the use of the poor; a poorhouse.

ALMSMAN
Alms"man, n.; fem. Almswoman.

1. A recipient of alms. Shak.

2. A giver of alms. [R.] Halliwell.

ALMUCANTAR
Al`mu*can"tar, n. Etym: [F. almucantarat, almicantarat, ultimately
fr. Ar. al-muqantarat, pl., fr. qantara to bend, arch.] (Astron.)

Defn: A small circle of the sphere parallel to the horizon; a circle
or parallel of altitude. Two stars which have the same almucantar
have the same altitude. See Almacantar. [Archaic] Almucanter staff,
an ancient instrument, having an arc of fifteen degrees, formerly
used at sea to take observations of the sun's amplitude at the time
of its rising or setting, to find the variation of the compass.

ALMUCE
Al"muce, n.

Defn: Same as Amice, a hood or cape.

ALMUDE
Al*mude", n. Etym: [Pg. almude, or Sp. almud, a measure of grain or
dry fruit, fr. Ar. al-mudd a dry measure.]

Defn: A measure for liquids in several countries. In Portugal the
Lisbon almude is about 4.4, and the Oporto almude about 6.6, gallons
U. S. measure. In Turkey the "almud" is about 1.4 gallons.

ALMUG; ALGUM
Al"mug, Al"gum, n. Etym: [Heb., perh. borrowed fr. Skr. valguka
sandalwood.] (Script.)

Defn: A tree or wood of the Bible (2 Chron. ii. 8; 1 K. x. 11).

Note: Most writers at the present day follow Celsius, who takes it to
be the red sandalwood of China and the Indian Archipelago. W. Smith.

ALNAGE
Al"nage, n., Etym: [OF. alnage, aulnage, F. aunage, fr. OF. alne ell,
of Ger. origin: cf. OHG. elina, Goth. aleina, cubit. See Ell.] (O.
Eng. Law)

Defn: Measurement (of cloth) by the ell; also, a duty for such
measurement.

ALNAGER
Al"na*ger, n. Etym: [See Alnage.]

Defn: A measure by the ell; formerly a sworn officer in England,
whose duty was to inspect act measure woolen cloth, and fix upon it a
seal.

ALOE
Al"oe, n.; pl. Aloes. Etym: [L. aloë, Gr. aloe, F. aloès.]

1. pl.

Defn: The wood of the agalloch. [Obs.] Wyclif.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of succulent plants, some classed as trees, others as
shrubs, but the greater number having the habit and appearance of
evergreen herbaceous plants; from some of which are prepared articles
for medicine and the arts. They are natives of warm countries.

3. pl. (Med.)

Defn: The inspissated juice of several species of aloe, used as a
purgative. [Plural in form but syntactically singular.] American
aloe, Century aloe, the agave. See Agave.

ALOES WOOD
Al"oes wood`.

Defn: See Agalloch.

ALOETIC
Al`o*et"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. aloétique.]

Defn: Consisting chiefly of aloes; of the nature of aloes.

ALOETIC
Al`o*et"ic, n.

Defn: A medicine containing chiefly aloes.

ALOFT
A*loft", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + loft, which properly meant air. See
Loft.]

1. On high; in the air; high above the ground. "He steers his flight
aloft." Milton.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: In the top; at the mast head, or on the higher yards or
rigging; overhead; hence (Fig. and Colloq.), in or to heaven.

ALOFT
A*loft", prep.

Defn: Above; on top of. [Obs.]
Fresh waters run aloft the sea. Holland.

ALOGIAN
A*lo"gi*an, n. Etym: [LL. Alogiani, Alogii, fr. Gr. (Eccl.)

Defn: One of an ancient sect who rejected St. John's Gospel and the
Apocalypse, which speak of Christ as the Logos. Shipley.

ALOGY
Al"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. alogia, Gr.

Defn: Unreasonableness; absurdity. [Obs.]

ALOIN
Al"o*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter purgative principle in aloes.

ALOMANCY
Al"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. alomancie, halomancie.]

Defn: Divination by means of salt. [Spelt also halomancy.] Morin.

ALONE
A*lone", a. Etym: [All + one. OE. al one all allone, AS. an one,
alone. See All, One, Lone.]

1. Quite by one's self; apart from, or exclusive of, others; single;
solitary; -- applied to a person or thing.
Alone on a wide, wide sea. Coleridge.
It is not good that the man should be alone. Gen. ii. 18.

2. Of or by itself; by themselves; without any thing more or any one
else; without a sharer; only.
Man shall not live by bread alone. Luke iv. 4.
The citizens alone should be at the expense. Franklin.

3. Sole; only; exclusive. [R.]
God, by whose alone power and conversation we all live, and move, and
have our being. Bentley.

4. Hence; Unique; rare; matchless. Shak.

Note: The adjective alone commonly follows its noun. To let or leave
alone, to abstain from interfering with or molesting; to suffer to
remain in its present state.

ALONE
A*lone", adv.

Defn: Solely; simply; exclusively.

ALONELY
A*lone"ly, adv.

Defn: Only; merely; singly. [Obs.]
This said spirit was not given alonely unto him, but unto all his
heirs and posterity. Latimer.

ALONELY
A*lone"ly, a.

Defn: Exclusive. [Obs.] Fabyan.

ALONENESS
A*lone"ness, n.

Defn: A state of being alone, or without company; solitariness. [R.]
Bp. Montagu.

ALONG
A*long", adv. Etym: [OE. along, anlong, AS. andlang, along; pref.
and- (akin to OFris. ond-, OHG. ant-, Ger. ent-, Goth. and-, anda-,
L. ante, Gr. anti, over against) + lang long. See Long.]

1. By the length; in a line with the length; lengthwise.
Some laid along . . . on spokes of wheels are hung. Dryden.

2. In a line, or with a progressive motion; onward; forward.
We will go along by the king's highway. Numb. xxi. 22.
He struck with his o'ertaking wings, And chased us south along.
Coleridge.

3. In company; together.
He to England shall along with you. Shak.
All along, all trough the course of; during the whole time;
throughout. "I have all along declared this to be a neutral paper."
Addison.
 -- To get along, to get on; to make progress, as in business. "She
'll get along in heaven better than you or I." Mrs. Stowe.

ALONG
A*long", prep.

Defn: By the length of, as distinguished from across. "Along the
lowly lands." Dryden.
The kine . . . went along the highway. 1 Sam. vi. 12.

ALONG
A*long". Etym: [AS. gelang owing to.]

Defn: (Now heard only in the prep. phrase along of.) Along of, Along
on, often shortened to Long of, prep. phr., owing to; on account of.
[Obs. or Low. Eng.] "On me is not along thin evil fare." Chaucer.
"And all this is long of you." Shak. "This increase of price is all
along of the foreigners." London Punch.

ALONGSHORE
A*long"shore`, adv.

Defn: Along the shore or coast.

ALONGSHOREMAN
A*long"shore`man, n.

Defn: See Longshoreman.

ALONGSIDE
A*long"side`, adv.

Defn: Along or by the side; side by side with; -- often with of; as,
bring the boat alongside; alongside of him; alongside of the tree.

ALONGST
A*longst", prep. & adv. Etym: [Formed fr. along, like amongst fr.
among.]

Defn: Along. [Obs.]

ALOOF
A*loof", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Alewife.

ALOOF
A*loof", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + loof, fr. D. loef luff, and so
meaning, as a nautical word, to the windward. See Loof, Luff.]

1. At or from a distance, but within view, or at a small distance;
apart; away.
Our palace stood aloof from streets. Dryden.

2. Without sympathy; unfavorably.
To make the Bible as from the hand of God, and then to look at it
aloof and with caution, is the worst of all impieties. I. Taylor.

ALOOF
A*loof", prep.

Defn: Away from; clear from. [Obs.]
Rivetus . . . would fain work himself aloof these rocks and
quicksands. Milton.

ALOOFNESS
A*loof"ness, n.

Defn: State of being aloof. Rogers (1642).
The . . . aloofness of his dim forest life. Thoreau.

ALOPECIA; ALOPECY
Al`o*pe"ci*a, A*lop"e*cy, n. Etym: [L. alopecia, Gr. (med.)

Defn: Loss of the hair; baldness.

ALOPECIST
A*lop"e*cist, n.

Defn: A practitioner who tries to prevent or cure baldness.

ALOSE
A*lose", v. t. Etym: [OE. aloser.]

Defn: To praise. [Obs.]

ALOSE
A"lose, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. alosa or alausa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European shad (Clupea alosa); -- called also allice shad or
allis shad. The name is sometimes applied to the American shad
(Clupea sapidissima). See Shad.

ALOUATTE
Al`ou*atte", n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the several species of howling monkeys of South America.
See Howler, 2.

ALOUD
A*loud", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + loud.]

Defn: With a loud voice, or great noise; loudly; audibly.
Cry aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice. Isa. lviii. 1.

ALOW
A*low", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + low.]

Defn: Below; in a lower part. "Aloft, and then alow." Dryden.

ALP
Alp, n. Etym: [L. Alpes the Alps, said to be of Celtic origin; cf.
Gael. alp a high mountain, Ir. ailp any huge mass or lump: cf. F.
Alpes.]

1. A very high mountain. Specifically, in the plural, the highest
chain of mountains in Europe, containing the lofty mountains of
Switzerland, etc.
Nor breath of vernal air from snowy alp. Milton.
Hills peep o'er hills, and alps on alps arise. Pope.

2. Fig.: Something lofty, or massive, or very hard to be surmounted.

Note: The plural form Alps is sometimes used as a singular. "The Alps
doth spit." Shak.

ALP
Alp, n.

Defn: A bullfinch. Rom. of R.

ALPACA
Al*pac"a, n. Etym: [Sp. alpaca, fr. the original Peruvian name of the
animal. Cf. Paco.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal of Peru (Lama paco), having long, fine, wooly hair,
supposed by some to be a domesticated variety of the llama.

2. Wool of the alpaca.

3. A thin kind of cloth made of the wooly hair of the alpaca, often
mixed with silk or with cotton.

ALPEN
Al"pen, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Alps. [R.] "The Alpen snow." J.
Fletcher.

ALPENGLOW
Al"pen*glow`, n.

Defn: A reddish glow seen near sunset or sunrise on the summits of
mountains; specif., a reillumination sometimes observed after the
summits have passed into shadow, supposed to be due to a curving
downward (refraction) of the light rays from the west resulting from
the cooling of the air.

ALPENHORN; ALPHORN
{ Al"pen*horn`, Alp"horn`  }, n. [G. Alpenhorn.]

Defn: A curved wooden horn about three feet long, with a cupped
mouthpiece and a bell, used by the Swiss to sound the ranz des vaches
and other melodies. Its notes are open harmonics of the tube.

ALPENSTOCK
Al"pen*stock`, n. Etym: [G.; Alp, gen. pl. Alpen + stock stick.]

Defn: A long staff, pointed with iron, used in climbing the Alps.
Cheever.

ALPESTRINE
Al*pes"trine, a. Etym: [L. Alpestris.]

Defn: Pertaining to the Alps, or other high mountains; as, Alpestrine
diseases, etc.

ALPHA
Al"pha, n. Etym: [L. alpha, Gr. 'a`lfa, from Heb. aleph, name of the
first letter in the alphabet, also meaning ox.]

Defn: The first letter in the Greek alphabet, answering to A, and
hence used to denote the beginning.
In am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the
last. Rev. xxii. 13.

Note: Formerly used also denote the chief; as, Plato was the alpha of
the wits.

Note: In cataloguing stars, the brightest star of a constellation in
designated by Alpha (a); as, a Lyræ.

ALPHABET
Al"pha*bet, n. Etym: [L. alphabetum, fr. Gr. aleph and beth: cf. F.
alphabet.]

1. The letters of a language arranged in the customary order; the
series of letters or signs which form the elements of written
language.

2. The simplest rudiments; elements.
The very alphabet of our law. Macaulay.
Deaf and dumb alphabet. See Dactylology.

ALPHABET
Al"pha*bet, v. t.

Defn: To designate by the letters of the alphabet; to arrange
alphabetically. [R.]

ALPHABETARIAN
Al`pha*bet*a"ri*an, n.

Defn: A learner of the alphabet; an abecedarian. Abp. Sancroft.

ALPHABETIC; ALPHABETICAL
Al`pha*bet"ic, Al`pha*bet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. alphabétique.]

1. Pertaining to, furnished with, expressed by, or in the order of,
the letters of the alphabet; as, alphabetic characters, writing,
languages, arrangement.

2. Literal. [Obs.] "Alphabetical servility." Milton.

ALPHABETICALLY
Al`pha*bet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an alphabetic manner; in the customary order of the letters.

ALPHABETICS
Al`pha*bet"ics, n.

Defn: The science of representing spoken sounds by letters.

ALPHABETISM
Al"pha*bet*ism, n.

Defn: The expression of spoken sounds by an alphabet. Encyc. Brit.

ALPHABETIZE
Al"pha*bet*ize, v. t.

1. To arrange alphabetically; as, to alphabetize a list of words.

2. To furnish with an alphabet.

ALPHA PAPER
Al"pha pa"per. (Photog.)

Defn: A sensitized paper for obtaining positives by artificial light.
It is coated with gelatin containing silver bromide and chloride.
[Eng.]

ALPHA RAYS
Alpha rays. (Physics & Chem.)

Defn: Rays of relatively low penetrating power emitted by radium and
other radioactive substances, and shown to consist of positively
charged particles (perhaps particles of helium) having enormous
velocities but small masses. They are slightly deflected by a strong
magnetic or electric field.

AL-PHITOMANCY
Al-phit"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. mancy: cf. F. alphitomancie.]

Defn: Divination by means of barley meal. Knowles.

ALPHOL
Al"phol, n.  [Alpha- + -ol as in alcohol.] (Pharm.)

Defn: A crystalline derivative of salicylic acid, used as an
antiseptic and antirheumatic.

ALPHONSINE
Al*phon"sine, a.

Defn: Of or relating to Alphonso X., the Wise, King of Castile (1252-
1284). Alphonsine tables, astronomical tables prepared under the
patronage of Alphonso the Wise. Whewell.

ALPIGENE
Al"pi*gene, a. Etym: [L. Alpes Alps + -gen.]

Defn: Growing in Alpine regions.

ALPINE
Al"pine, a. Etym: [L. Alpinus, fr. Alpes the Alps: cf. F. Alpin.]

1. Of or pertaining to the Alps, or to any lofty mountain; as, Alpine
snows; Alpine plants.

2. Like the Alps; lofty. "Gazing up an Alpine height." Tennyson.

ALPINIST
Al"pin*ist, n.

Defn: A climber of the Alps.

ALPIST; ALPIA
Al"pist, Al"pi*a, n. Etym: [F.: cf. Sp. & Pg. alpiste.]

Defn: The seed of canary grass (Phalaris Canariensis), used for
feeding cage birds.

ALQUIFOU
Al"qui*fou, n. Etym: [Equiv. to arquifoux, F. alquifoux, Sp.
alquifól, fr. the same Arabic word as alcohol. See Alcohol.]

Defn: A lead ore found in Cornwall, England, and used by potters to
give a green glaze to their wares; potter's ore.

ALREADY
Al*read"y, adv. Etym: [All (OE. al) + ready.]

Defn: Prior to some specified time, either past, present, or future;
by this time; previously. "Joseph was in Egypt already." Exod. i. 5.
I say unto you, that Elias is come already. Matt. xvii. 12.

Note: It has reference to past time, but may be used for a future
past; as, when you shall arrive, the business will be already
completed, or will have been already completed.

ALS
Als, adv.

1. Also. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. As. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ALSATIAN
Al*sa"tian, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Alsatia.

ALSATIAN
Al*sa"tian, n.

Defn: An inhabitant of Alsatia or Alsace in Germany, or of Alsatia or
White Friars (a resort of debtors and criminals) in London.

AL SEGNO
Al` se"gno. Etym: [It., to the mark or sign.](Mus.)

Defn: A direction for the performer to return and recommence from the
sign

ALSIKE
Al"sike, n. Etym: [From Alsike, in Sweden.]

Defn: A species of clover with pinkish or white flowers; Trifolium
hybridum.

ALSO
Al"so, adv. & conj. Etym: [All + so. OE. al so, AS. ealswa, alsw,
ælswæ; eal, al, æl, all + swa so. See All, So, As.]

1. In like manner; likewise. [Obs.]

2. In addition; besides; as well; further; too.
Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven . . . for where your
treasure is, there will your heart be also. Matt. vi. 20.

3. Even as; as; so. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- Also, Likewise, Too. These words are used by way of transition,
in leaving one thought and passing to another. Also is the widest
term. It denotes that what follows is all so, or entirely like that
which preceded, or may be affirmed with the same truth; as, "If you
were there, I was there also;" "If our situation has some
discomforts, it has also many sources of enjoyment." Too is simply
less formal and pointed than also; it marks the transition with a
lighter touch; as, "I was there too;" "a courtier yet a patriot too."
Pope. Likewise denotes literally "in like manner," and hence has been
thought by some to be more specific than also. "It implies," says
Whately, "some connection or agreement between the words it unites.
We may say, ` He is a poet, and likewise a musician; ' but we should
not say, ` He is a prince, and likewise a musician,' because there is
no natural connection between these qualities." This distinction,
however, is often disregarded.

ALT
Alt, a. & n. Etym: [See Alto.] (Mus.)

Defn: The higher part of the scale. See Alto. To be in alt, to be in
an exalted state of mind.

ALTAIAN; ALTAIC
Al*ta"ian, Al*ta"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. altaïque.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Altai, a mountain chain in Central
Asia.

ALTAR
Al"tar, n. Etym: [OE. alter, auter, autier, fr. L. altare, pl.
altaria, altar, prob. fr. altus high: cf. OF. alter, autier, F.
autel. Cf. Altitude.]

1. A raised structure (as a square or oblong erection of stone or
wood) on which sacrifices are offered or incense burned to a deity.
Noah builded an altar unto the Lord. Gen. viii. 20.

2. In the Christian church, a construction of stone, wood, or other
material for the celebration of the Holy Eucharist; the communion
table.

Note: Altar is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a
compound; as, altar bread or altar-bread. Altar cloth or Altar-cloth,
the cover for an altar in a Christian church, usually richly
embroidered.
 -- Altar cushion, a cushion laid upon the altar in a Christian
church to support the service book.
 -- Altar frontal. See Frontal.
 -- Altar rail, the railing in front of the altar or communion table.
 -- Altar screen, a wall or partition built behind an altar to
protect it from approach in the rear.
 -- Altar tomb, a tomb resembling an altar in shape, etc.
 -- Family altar, place of family devotions.
 -- To lead (as a bride) to the altar, to marry; -- said of a woman.

ALTARAGE
Al"tar*age, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. auterage, autelage.]

1. The offerings made upon the altar, or to a church.

2. The profit which accrues to the priest, by reason of the altar,
from the small tithes. Shipley.

ALTARIST
Al"tar*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. altarista, F. altariste.] (Old Law)
(a) A chaplain.
(b) A vicar of a church.

ALTARPIECE
Al"tar*piece`, n.

Defn: The painting or piece of sculpture above and behind the altar;
reredos.

ALTARWISE
Al"tar*wise`, adv.

Defn: In the proper position of an altar, that is, at the east of a
church with its ends towards the north and south. Shipley.

ALTAZIMUTH
Alt*az"i*muth, n. Etym: [Alltude + azimuth.] (Astron.)

Defn: An instrument for taking azimuths and altitudes simultaneously.

ALTER
Al"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Altered; p. pr. & vb. n. Altering.] Etym:
[F. altérer, LL. alterare, fr. L. alter other, alius other. Cf. Else,
Other.]

1. To make otherwise; to change in some respect, either partially or
wholly; to vary; to modify. "To alter the king's course." "To alter
the condition of a man." "No power in Venice can alter a decree."
Shak.
It gilds all objects, but it alters none. Pope.
My covenant will I not break, nor alter the thing that is gone out of
my lips. Ps. lxxxix. 34.

2. To agitate; to affect mentally. [Obs.] Milton.

3. To geld. [Colloq.]

Syn.
 -- Change, Alter. Change is generic and the stronger term. It may
express a loss of identity, or the substitution of one thing in place
of another; alter commonly expresses a partial change, or a change in
form or details without destroying identity.

ALTER
Al"ter, v. i.

Defn: To become, in some respects, different; to vary; to change; as,
the weather alters almost daily; rocks or minerals alter by exposure.
"The law of the Medes and Persians, which altereth not." Dan. vi. 8.

ALTERABILITY
Al`ter*a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. altérabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being alterable; alterableness.

ALTERABLE
Al"ter*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. altérable.]

Defn: Capable of being altered.
Our condition in this world is mutable and uncertain, alterable by a
thousand accidents. Rogers.

ALTERABLENESS
Al"ter*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being alterable; variableness; alterability.

ALTERABLY
Al"ter*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an alterable manner.

ALTERANT
Al"ter*ant, a. Etym: [LL. alterans, p. pr.: cf. F. altérant.]

Defn: Altering; gradually changing. Bacon.

ALTERANT
Al"ter*ant, n.

Defn: An alterative. [R.] Chambers.

ALTERATION
Al`ter*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. altération.]

1. The act of altering or making different.
Alteration, though it be from worse to better, hath in it
incoveniences. Hooker.

2. The state of being altered; a change made in the form or nature of
a thing; changed condition.
Ere long might perceive Strange alteration in me. Milton.
Appius Claudius admitted to the senate the sons of those who had been
slaves; by which, and succeeding alterations, that council
degenerated into a most corrupt. Swift.

ALTERATIVE
Al"ter*a*tive, a. Etym: [L. alterativus: cf. F. altératif.]

Defn: Causing ateration. Specifically:

Defn: Gradually changing, or tending to change, a morbid state of the
functions into one of health. Burton.

ALTERATIVE
Al"ter*a*tive, n.

Defn: A medicine or treatment which gradually induces a change, and
restores healthy functions without sensible evacuations.

ALTERCATE
Al"ter*cate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Altercated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Altercating.] Etym: [L. altercatus, p. p. of altercare, altercari,
fr. alter another. See Alter.]

Defn: The contend in words; to dispute with zeal, heat, or anger; to
wrangle.

ALTERCATION
Al`ter*ca"tion, n. Etym: [F. altercation, fr. L. altercatio.]

Defn: Warm contention in words; dispute carried on with heat or
anger; controversy; wrangle; wordy contest. "Stormy altercations."
Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Altercation, Dispute, Wrangle. The term dispute is in most cases,
but not necessarily, applied to a verbal contest; as, a dispute on
the lawfulness of war. An altercation is an angry dispute between two
parties, involving an interchange of severe language. A wrangle is a
confused and noisy altercation.
Their whole life was little else than a perpetual wrangling and
altercation. Hakewill.

ALTERCATIVE
Al"ter*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Characterized by wrangling; scolding. [R.] Fielding.

ALTERITY
Al*ter"i*ty, n. Etym: [F. altérité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being other; a being otherwise. [R.]
For outness is but the feeling of otherness (alterity) rendered
intuitive, or alterity visually represented. Coleridge.

ALTERN
Al"tern, a. Etym: [L. alternus, fr. alter another: cf. F. alterne.]

Defn: Acting by turns; alternate. Milton. Altern base (Trig.), a
second side made base, in distinction from a side previously regarded
as base.

ALTERNACY
Al*ter"na*cy, n.

Defn: Alternateness; alternation. [R.] Mitford.

ALTERNANT
Al*ter"nant, a. Etym: [L. alternans, p. pr.: cf. F. alternant. See
Alternate, v. t.] (Geol.)

Defn: Composed of alternate layers, as some rocks.

ALTERNAT
Al`ter`nat", n. [F.]

Defn: A usage, among diplomats, of rotation in precedence among
representatives of equal rank, sometimes determined by lot and at
other times in regular order. The practice obtains in the signing of
treaties and conventions between nations.

ALTERNATE
Al*ter"nate, a. Etym: [L. alternatus, p. p. of alternate, fr.
alternus. See Altern, Alter.]

1. Being or succeeding by turns; one following the other in
succession of time or place; by turns first one and then the other;
hence, reciprocal.
And bid alternate passions fall and rise. Pope.

2. Designating the members in a series, which regularly intervene
between the members of another series, as the odd or even numbers of
the numerals; every other; every second; as, the alternate members 1,
3, 5, 7, etc. ; read every alternate line.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Distributed, as leaves, singly at different heights of the
stem, and at equal intervals as respects angular divergence. Gray.
Alternate alligation. See Alligation.
 -- Alternate angles (Geom.), the internal and angles made by two
lines with a third, on opposite sides of it. It the parallels AB, CD,
are cut by the line EF, the angles AGH, GHD, as also the angles BGH
and GHC, are called alternate angles.
 -- Alternate generation. (Biol.) See under Generation.

ALTERNATE
Al*ter"nate, n.

1. That which alternates with something else; vicissitude. [R.]
Grateful alternates of substantial. Prior.

2. A substitute; one designated to take the place of another, if
necessary, in performing some duty.

3. (Math.)

Defn: A proportion derived from another proportion by interchanging
the means.

ALTERNATE
Al"ter*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alternated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Alternating.] Etym: [L. alternatus, p. p. of alternare. See Altern.]

Defn: To perform by turns, or in succession; to cause to succeed by
turns; to interchange regularly.
The most high God, in all things appertaining unto this life, for
sundry wise ends alternates the disposition of good and evil. Grew.

ALTERNATE
Al"ter*nate, v. i.

1. To happen, succeed, or act by turns; to follow reciprocally in
place or time; -- followed by with; as, the flood and ebb tides
alternate with each other.
Rage, shame, and grief alternate in his breast. J. Philips.
Different species alternating with each other. Kirwan.

2. To vary by turns; as, the land alternates between rocky hills and
sandy plains.

ALTERNATELY
Al*ter"nate*ly, adv.

1. In reciprocal succession; succeeding by turns; in alternate order.

2. (Math.)

Defn: By alternation; when, in a proportion, the antecedent term is
compared with antecedent, and consequent.

ALTERNATENESS
Al*ter"nate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being alternate, or of following by turns.

ALTERNATING CURRENT
Al"ter*nat`ing cur"rent. (Elec.)

Defn: A current which periodically changes or reverses its direction
of flow.

ALTERNATION
Al`ter*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. alternatio: cf. F. alternation.]

1. The reciprocal succession of things in time or place; the act of
following and being followed by turns; alternate succession,
performance, or occurrence; as, the alternation of day and night,
cold and heat, summer and winter, hope and fear.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Permutation.

3. The response of the congregation speaking alternately with the
minister. Mason. Alternation of generation. See under Generation.

ALTERNATIVE
Al*ter"na*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. alternatif.]

1. Offering a choice of two things.

2. Disjunctive; as, an alternative conjunction.

3. Alternate; reciprocal. [Obs.] Holland.

ALTERNATIVE
Al*ter"na*tive, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alternative, LL. alternativa.]

1. An offer of two things, one of which may be chosen, but not both;
a choice between two things, so that if one is taken, the other must
be left.
There is something else than the mere alternative of absolute
destruction or unreformed existence. Burke.

2. Either of two things or propositions offered to one's choice. Thus
when two things offer a choice of one only, the two things are called
alternatives.
Having to choose between two alternatives, safety and war, you
obstinately prefer the worse. Jowett (Thucyd. ).

3. The course of action or the thing offered in place of another.
If this demand is refused the alternative is war. Lewis.
With no alternative but death. Longfellow.

4. A choice between more than two things; one of several things
offered to choose among.
My decided preference is for the fourth and last of thalternatives.
Gladstone.

ALTERNATIVELY
Al*ter"na*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of alternatives, or that admits the choice of one
out of two things.

ALTERNATIVENESS
Al*ter"na*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being alternative, or of offering a choice
between two.

ALTERNATOR
Al"ter*na`tor, n. (Elec.)

Defn: An electric generator or dynamo for producing alternating
currents.

ALTERNITY
Al*ter"ni*ty, n. Etym: [LL. alternitas.]

Defn: Succession by turns; alternation. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

ALTHAEA; ALTHEA
Al*thæ"a, Al*the"a, n. Etym: [althaea, Gr. (Bot.)
(a) A genus of plants of the Mallow family. It includes the officinal
marsh mallow, and the garden hollyhocks.
(b) An ornamental shrub (Hibiscus Syriacus) of the Mallow family.

ALTHEINE
Al*the"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Asparagine.

ALTHING
Al"thing, n. [Icel. (modern) alping, earlier alpingi; allr all + ping
assembly. See All, and Thing.]

Defn: The national assembly or parliament of Iceland. See Thing, n.,
8.

ALTHO
Al*tho", conj.

Defn: Although. [Reformed spelling] Alt"horn`, n. Etym: [Alt + horn.]
(Mus.)

Defn: An instrument of the saxhorn family, used exclusively in
military music, often replacing the French horn. Grove.

ALTHORN
Alt"horn`, n. [Alt + horn.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument of the saxhorn family, used exclusively in
military music, often replacing the French horn. Grove.

ALTHOUGH
Al*though", conj. Etym: [All + though; OE. al thagh.]

Defn: Grant all this; be it that; supposing that; notwithstanding;
though.
Although all shall be offended, yet will no I. Mark xiv. 29.

Syn.
 -- Although, Though. Although, which originally was perhaps more
emphatic than though, is now interchangeable with it in the sense
given above. Euphonic consideration determines the choice.

ALTILOQUENCE
Al*til"o*quence, n.

Defn: Lofty speech; pompous language. [R.] Bailey.

ALTILOQUENT
Al*til"o*quent, a. Etym: [L. altus (adv. alte) high + loquens, p. pr.
of loqui to speak.]

Defn: High-sounding; pompous in speech. [R.] Bailey.

ALTIMETER
Al*tim"e*ter, n. Etym: [LL. altimeter; altus high + metrum, Gr.
altimètre.]

Defn: An instrument for taking altitudes, as a quadrant, sextant,
etc. Knight.

ALTIMETRY
Al*tim"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. altimétrie.]

Defn: The art of measuring altitudes, or heights.

ALTINCAR
Al*tin"car, n.

Defn: See Tincal.

ALTISCOPE
Al"ti*scope, n. Etym: [L. altus high + Gr.

Defn: An arrangement of lenses and mirrors which enables a person to
see an object in spite of intervening objects.

ALTISONANT
Al*tis"o*nant, a. Etym: [L. altus high + sonans, p. pr. of sonare to
sound.]

Defn: High-sounding; lofty or pompous. Skelton.

ALTISONOUS
Al*tis"o*nous, a. Etym: [L. altisonus.]

Defn: Altisonant.

ALTISSIMO
Al*tis"si*mo, n. Etym: [It.; superl. of alto.] (Mus.)

Defn: The part or notes situated above F in alt.

ALTITUDE
Al"ti*tude, n. Etym: [L. altitudo, fr. altus high. Cf. Altar,
Haughty, Enhance.]

1. Space extended upward; height; the perpendicular elevation of an
object above its foundation, above the ground, or above a given
level, or of one object above another; as, the altitude of a
mountain, or of a bird above the top of a tree.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The elevation of a point, or star, or other celestial object,
above the horizon, measured by the arc of a vertical circle
intercepted between such point and the horizon. It is either true or
apparent; true when measured from the rational or real horizon,
apparent when from the sensible or apparent horizon.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: The perpendicular distance from the base of a figure to the
summit, or to the side parallel to the base; as, the altitude of a
triangle, pyramid, parallelogram, frustum, etc.

4. Height of degree; highest point or degree.
He is [proud] even to the altitude of his virtue. Shak.

5. Height of rank or excellence; superiority. Swift.

6. pl.

Defn: Elevation of spirits; heroics; haughty airs. [Colloq.]
Richardson.
The man of law began to get into his altitude. Sir W. Scott.
Meridian altitude, an arc of the meridian intercepted between the
south point on the horizon and any point on the meridian. See
Meridian, 3.

ALTITUDINAL
Al`ti*tu"di*nal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to height; as, altitudinal measurements.

ALTITUDINARIAN
Al`ti*tu`di*na"ri*an, a.

Defn: Lofty in doctrine, aims, etc. [R.] Coleridge.

ALTIVOLANT
Al*tiv"o*lant, a. Etym: [L. altivolans. See Volant.]

Defn: Flying high. [Obs.] Blount.

ALTO
Al"to, n.; pl. Altos. Etym: [It. alto high, fr. L. altus. Cf. Alt.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: Formerly the part sung by the highest male, or counter-tenor,
voices; now the part sung by the lowest female, or contralto, voices,
between in tenor and soprano. In instrumental music it now signifies
the tenor.

2. An alto singer. Alto clef (Mus.) the counter-tenor clef, or the C
clef, placed so that the two strokes include the middle line of the
staff. Moore.

ALTO-CUMULUS
Al`to-cu"mu*lus, n. [L. altus high + L. & E. cumulus.] (Meteor.)

Defn: A fleecy cloud formation consisting of large whitish or grayish
globular cloudlets with shaded  portions, often grouped in flocks or
rows.

ALTOGETHER
Al`to*geth"er, adv. Etym: [OE. altogedere; al all + togedere
together. See Together.]

1. All together; conjointly. [Obs.]
Altogether they wenChaucer.

2. Without exception; wholly; completely.
Every man at his best state is altogether vanity. Ps. xxxix. 5.

ALTOMETER
Al*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. altus high + -meter.]

Defn: A theodolite. Knight.

ALTO-RELIEVO
Al"to-re*lie"vo, n.

Defn: Alto-rilievo.

ALTO-RILIEVO
Al"to-ri*lie*vo, n.; pl. Alto-rilievos. Etym: [It.] (Sculp.)

Defn: High relief; sculptured work in which the figures project more
than half their thickness; as, this figure is an alto-rilievo or in
alto-rilievo.

Note: When the figure stands only half out, it is called mezzo-
rilievo, demi-rilievo, or medium relief; when its projection is less
than one half, basso-rilievo, bas-relief, or low relief.

ALTO-STRATUS
Al`to-stra"tus, n. [L. altus high + L. & E. stratus.] (Meteor.)

Defn: A cloud formation similar to cirro-stratus, but heavier and at
a lower level.

ALTRICAL
Al"tri*cal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like the articles.

ALTRICES
Al*tri"ces, n. pl. Etym: [L., nourishes, pl. of altrix.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Nursers, -- a term applied to those birds whose young are
hatched in a very immature and helpless condition, so as to require
the care of their parents for some time; -- opposed to præcoces.

ALTRUISM
Al"tru*ism, n. Etym: [F. altruisme (a word of Comte's), It. altrui of
or to others, fr. L. alter another.]

Defn: Regard for others, both natural and moral; devotion to the
interests of others; brotherly kindness; -- opposed to egoism or
selfishness. [Recent] J. S. Mill.

ALTRUIST
Al"tru*ist, n.

Defn: One imbued with altruism; -- opposed to egoist.

ALTRUISTIC
Al`tru*is"tic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. altruiste, a. See Altruism..]

Defn: Regardful of others; beneficent; unselfish; -- opposed to Ant:
egoistic or Ant: selfish. Bain.
 -- Al`tru*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

ALUDEL
Al"u*del, n. Etym: [F. & Sp. aludel, fr. Ar. aluthal.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the pear-shaped pots open at both ends, and so formed as
to be fitted together, the neck of one into the bottom of another in
succession; -- used in the process of sublimation. Ure.

ALULA
Al"u*la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. ala a wing.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A false or bastard wing. See under Bastard.

ALULAR
Al"u*lar, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the alula.

ALUM
Al"um, n. Etym: [OE. alum, alom, OF. alum, F. alun, fr. L. alumen
alum.] (Chem.)

Defn: A double sulphate formed of aluminium and some other element
(esp. an alkali metal) or of aluminium. It has twenty-four molecules
of water of crystallization.

Note: Common alum is the double sulphate of aluminium and potassium.
It is white, transparent, very astringent, and crystallizes easily in
octahedrons. The term is extended so as to include other double
sulphates similar to alum in formula.

ALUM
Al"um, v. t.

Defn: To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum;
to treat with alum. Ure.

ALUMEN
A*lu"men, n. Etym: [L.] (Chem.)

Defn: Alum.

ALUMINA
A*lu"mi*na, n. Etym: [L. alumen, aluminis. See Alum.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the earths, consisting of two parts of aluminium and
three of oxygen, Al2O3.

Note: It is the oxide of the metal aluminium, the base of aluminous
salts, a constituent of a large part of the earthy siliceous
minerals, as the feldspars, micas, scapolites, etc., and the
characterizing ingredient of common clay, in which it exists as an
impure silicate with water, resulting from the decomposition of other
aluminous minerals. In its natural state, it is the mineral corundum.

ALUMINATE
A*lu`mi*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound formed from the hydrate of aluminium by the
substitution of a metal for the hydrogen.

ALUMINATED
A*lu"mi*na`ted. a.

Defn: Combined with alumina.

ALUMINE
Al"u*mine, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Alumina. Davy.

ALUMINIC
Al`u*min"ic, a.

Defn: Of or containing aluminium; as, aluminic phosphate.

ALUMINIFEROUS
A*lu`mi*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. alumen alum + -ferous: cf. F.
aluminifère.]

Defn: Containing alum.

ALUMINIFORM
A*lu"mi*ni*form, a. Etym: [L. alumen + -form.]

Defn: pertaining the form of alumina.

ALUMINIUM
Al`u*min"i*um, n. Etym: [L. alumen. See Alum.] (Chem.)

Defn: The metallic base of alumina. This metal is white, but with a
bluish tinge, and is remarkable for its resistance to oxidation, and
for its lightness, pertaining a specific gravity of about 2.6. Atomic
weight 27.08. Symbol Al. Aluminium bronze or gold, a pale gold-
colored alloy of aluminium and copper, used for journal bearings,
etc.

ALUMINIZE
A*lu"mi*nize, v. t.

Defn: To treat impregnate with alum; to alum.

ALUMINOGRAPHY
A*lu`mi*nog"ra*phy, n. [Alumin-ium + -graphy.]

Defn: Art or process of producing, and printing from, aluminium
plates, after the manner of ordinary lithography. --
A*lu`mi*no*graph"ic (#), a.

ALUMINOUS
A*lu"mi*nous, a. Etym: [L. aluminosus, fr. alumen alum: cf. F.
alumineux.]

Defn: Pertaining to or containing alum, or alumina; as, aluminous
minerals, aluminous solution.

ALUMINUM
A*lu"mi*num, n.

Defn: See Aluminium.

ALUMISH
Al"um*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat like alum.

ALUMNA
A*lum"na, n. fem.; pl. Alumnæ . Etym: [L. See Alumnus.]

Defn: A female pupil; especially, a graduate of a school or college.

ALUMNUS
A*lum"nus, n.; pl. Alumni. Etym: [L., fr. alere to nourish.]

Defn: A pupil; especially, a graduate of a college or other seminary
of learning.

ALUM ROOT
Al"um root`. (Bot.)

Defn: A North American herb (Heuchera Americana) of the Saxifrage
family, whose root has astringent properties.

ALUM SCHIST; ALUM SHALE
Al"um schist", Al"um shale", (Min.)

Defn: A variety of shale or clay slate, containing iron pyrites, the
decomposition of which leads to the formation of alum, which often
effloresces on the rock.

ALUM STONE
Al"um stone`. (Min.)

Defn: A subsulphate of alumina and potash; alunite.

ALUNITE
Al"u*nite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Alum stone.

ALUNOGEN
A*lu"no*gen, n. Etym: [F. alun alum + -gen.] (Min.)

Defn: A white fibrous mineral frequently found on the walls of mines
and quarries, chiefly hydrous sulphate of alumina; -- also called
feather alum, and hair salt.

ALURE
Al"ure, n. Etym: [OF. alure, aleure, walk, gait, fr. aler (F. aller)
to go.]

Defn: A walk or passage; -- applied to passages of various kinds.
The sides of every street were covered with fresh alures of marble.
T. Warton.

ALUTACEOUS
Al"u*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [L. alutacius, fr. aluta soft leather.]

1. Leathery.

2. Of a pale brown color; leather-yellow. Brande.

ALUTATION
Al`u*ta"tion, n. Etym: [See Alutaceous.]

Defn: The tanning or dressing of leather. [Obs.] Blount.

ALVEARY
Al"ve*a*ry, n.; pl. Alvearies. Etym: [L. alvearium, alveare, beehive,
fr. alveus a hollow vessel, beehive, from alvus belly, beehive.]

1. A beehive, or something resembling a beehive. Barret.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The hollow of the external ear. Quincy.

ALVEATED
Al"ve*a`ted, a. Etym: [L. alveatus hollowed out.]

Defn: Formed or vaulted like a beehive.

ALVEOLAR
Al"ve*o*lar, a. Etym: [L. alveolus a small hollow or cavity: cf. F.
alvéolaire.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, alveoli or little cells,
sacs, or sockets. Alveolar processes, the processes of the maxillary
bones, containing the sockets of the teeth.

ALVEOLARY
Al"ve*o*la*ry, a.

Defn: Alveolar. [R.]

ALVEOLATE
Al"ve*o*late, a. Etym: [L. alveolatus, fr. alveolus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Deeply pitted, like a honeycomb.

ALVEOLE
Al"ve*ole, n.

Defn: Same as Alveolus.

ALVEOLIFORM
Al*ve"o*li*form, a. Etym: [L. alvelous + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of alveoli, or little sockets, cells, or
cavities.

ALVEOLUS
Al*ve"o*lus, n.; pl. Alveoli. Etym: [L., a small hollow or cavity,
dim. of alveus: cf. F. alvéole. See Alveary.]

1. A cell in a honeycomb.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small cavity in a coral, shell, or fossil

3. (Anat.)

Defn: A small depression, sac, or vesicle, as the socket of a tooth,
the air cells of the lungs, the ultimate saccules of glands, etc.

ALVEUS
Al"ve*us, n.; pl. Alvei. Etym: [L.]

Defn: The channel of a river. Weate.

ALVINE
Al"vine, a. Etym: [L. alvus belly: cf. F. alvin.]

Defn: Of, from, in, or pertaining to, the belly or the intestines;
as, alvine discharges; alvine concretions.

ALWAY
Al"way, adv.

Defn: Always. [Archaic or Poetic]
I would not live alway. Job vii. 16.

ALWAYS
Al"ways, adv. Etym: [All + way. The s is an adverbial (orig. a
genitive) ending.]

1. At all times; ever; perpetually; throughout all time; continually;
as, God is always the same.
Even in Heaven his [Mammon's] looks and thoughts. Milton.

2. Constancy during a certain period, or regularly at stated
intervals; invariably; uniformly; -- opposed to sometimes or
occasionally.
He always rides a black galloway. Bulwer.

ALYSSUM
A*lys"sum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of cruciferous plants; madwort. The sweet alyssum (A.
maritimum), cultivated for bouquets, bears small, white, sweet-
scented flowers.

AM
Am. Etym: [AS. am, eom, akin to Gothic im, Icel. em, Olr. am, Lith.
esmi, L. sum., Gr. ahmi, Skr. asmi, fr. a root as to be. Are, and cf.
Be, Was.]

Defn: The first person singular of the verb be, in the indicative
mode, present tense. See Be.
God said unto Moses, I am that am. Exod. iii. 14.

AMABILITY
Am`a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. amabilitas.]

Defn: Lovableness. Jer. Taylor.

Note: The New English Dictionary (Murray) says this word is "usefully
distinct from Amiability."

AMACRATIC
Am`a*crat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Photog.)

Defn: Amasthenic. Sir J. Herschel.

AMADAVAT
Am`a*da*vat", n. Etym: [Indian name. From Ahmedabad, a city from
which it was imported to Europe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The strawberry finch, a small Indian song bird (Estrelda
amandava), commonly caged and kept for fighting. The female is olive
brown; the male, in summer, mostly crimson; -- called also red
waxbill. [Written also amaduvad and avadavat.]

AMADOU
Am"a*dou, n. Etym: [F. amadou tinder, prop. lure, bait, fr. amadouer
to allure, caress, perh. fr. Icel. mata to feed, which is akin to E.
meat.]

Defn: A spongy, combustible substance, prepared from fungus (Boletus
and Polyporus) which grows on old trees; German tinder; punk. It has
been employed as a styptic by surgeons, but its common use is as
tinder, for which purpose it is prepared by soaking it in a strong
solution of niter. Ure.

AMAIN
A*main", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + main. See 2d Main, n.]

1. With might; with full force; vigorously; violently; exceedingly.
They on the hill, which were not yet come to blows, perceiving the
fewness of their enemies, came down amain. Milton.
That striping giant, ill-bred and scoffing, shouts amain. T. Parker.

2. At full speed; in great haste; also, at once. "They fled amain."
Holinshed.

AMAIN
A*main", v. t. Etym: [F. amener. See Amenable.] (Naut.)

Defn: To lower, as a sail, a yard, etc.

AMAIN
A*main", v. i. (Naut.)

Defn: To lower the topsail, in token of surrender; to yield.

AMALGAM
A*mal"gam, n. Etym: [F. amalgame, prob. fr. L. malagma, Gr.

1. An alloy of mercury with another metal or metals; as, an amalgam
of tin, bismuth, etc.

Note: Medalists apply the term to soft alloys generally.

2. A mixture or compound of different things.

3. (Min.)

Defn: A native compound of mercury and silver.

AMALGAM
A*mal"gam, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. amalgamer]

Defn: To amalgamate. Boyle. B. Jonson.

AMALGAMA
A*mal"ga*ma, n.

Defn: Same as Amalgam.
They divided this their amalgama into a number of incoherent
republics. Burke.

AMALGAMATE
A*mal"ga*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amalgamated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Amalgamating.]

1. To compound or mix, as quicksilver, with another metal; to unite,
combine, or alloy with mercury.

2. To mix, so as to make a uniform compound; to unite or combine; as,
to amalgamate two races; to amalgamate one race with another.
Ingratitude is indeed their four cardinal virtues compacted and
amalgamated into one. Burke.

AMALGAMATE
A*mal"ga*mate, v. i.

1. To unite in an amalgam; to blend with another metal, as
quicksilver.

2. To coalesce, as a result of growth; to combine into a uniform
whole; to blend; as, two organs or parts amalgamate.

AMALGAMATE; AMALGAMATED
A*mal"ga*mate, A*mal"ga*ma`ted, a.

Defn: Coalesced; united; combined.

AMALGAMATION
A*mal`ga*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. amalgamation.]

1. The act or operation of compounding mercury with another metal; --
applied particularly to the process of separating gold and silver
from their ores by mixing them with mercury. Ure.

2. The mixing or blending of different elements, races, societies,
etc.; also, the result of such combination or blending; a homogeneous
union. Macaulay.

AMALGAMATIVE
A*mal"ga*ma*tive, a.

Defn: Characterized by amalgamation.

AMALGAMATOR
A*mal"ga*ma`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, amalgamates. Specifically: A machine
for separating precious metals from earthy particles by bringing them
in contact with a body of mercury with which they form an amalgam.

AMALGAMIZE
A*mal"ga*mize, v. t.

Defn: To amalgamate. [R.]

AMANDINE
A*man"dine, n. Etym: [F. amande almond. See Almond.]

1. The vegetable casein of almonds.

2. A kind of cold cream prepared from almonds, for chapped hands,
etc.

AMANITA
Am`a*ni"ta, n. [NL. See Amanitine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of poisonous fungi of the family Agaricaceæ,
characterized by having a volva, an annulus, and white spores. The
species resemble edible mushrooms, and are frequently mistaken for
them. Amanita muscaria, syn. Agaricus muscarius, is the fly amanita,
or fly agaric; and A. phalloides is the death cup.

AMANITINE
A*man"i*tine, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The poisonous principle of some fungi.

AMANUENSIS
A*man`u*en"sis, n.; pl. Amanuenses. Etym: [L., fr. a, ab + manus
hand.]

Defn: A person whose employment is to write what another dictates, or
to copy what another has written.

AMARACUS
A*mar"a*cus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A fragrant flower. Tennyson.

AMARANT
Am"a*rant, n.

Defn: Amaranth, 1. [Obs.] Milton.

AMARANTACEOUS
Am`a*ran*ta"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of which
the amaranth is the type.

AMARANTH
Am"a*ranth, n. Etym: [L. amarantus, Gr. mortal; -- so called because
its flowers do not soon wither: cf. F. amarante. The spelling with th
seems to be due to confusion with Gr.

1. An imaginary flower supposed never to fade. [Poetic]

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of ornamental annual plants (Amaranthus) of many
species, with green, purplish, or crimson flowers.

2. A color inclining to purple.

AMARANTHINE
Am`a*ran"thine, a.

1. Of or pertaining to amaranth. "Amaranthine bowers." Pope.

2. Unfading, as the poetic amaranth; undying.
They only amaranthine flower on earth Is virtue. Cowper.

3. Of a purplish color. Buchanan.

AMARANTHUS; AMARANTUS
Am`a*ran"thus, Am`a*ran"tus, n.

Defn: Same as Amaranth.

AMARINE
Am"a*rine, n. Etym: [L. amarus bitter.] (Chem.)

Defn: A characteristic crystalline substance, obtained from oil of
bitter almonds.

AMARITUDE
A*mar"i*tude, n. Etym: [L. amaritudo, fr. amarus bitter: cf. OF.
amaritude.]

Defn: Bitterness. [R.]

AMARYLLIDACEOUS; AMARYLLIDEOUS
Am`a*ryl`li*da"ceous, Am`a*ryl*lid"e*ous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an order of plants differing
from the lily family chiefly in having the ovary below the

AMARYLLIS
Am`a*ryl"lis, n. Etym: [L. Amaryllis, Gr.

1. A pastoral sweetheart.
To sport with Amaryllis in the shade. Milton.

2. (bot.)
(a) A family of plants much esteemed for their beauty, including the
narcissus, jonquil, daffodil, agave, and others.
(b) A genus of the same family, including the Belladonna lily.

AMASS
A*mass", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amassed; p. pr. & vb. n. Amassing.]
Etym: [F. ambusher, LL. amassare; L. ad + massa lump, mass. See
Mass.]

Defn: To collect into a mass or heap; to gather a great quantity of;
to accumulate; as, to amass a treasure or a fortune; to amass words
or phrases.
The life Homer has been written by amassing all the traditions and
hints the writers could meet with. Pope.

Syn.
 -- To accumulate; heap up; pile.

AMASS
A*mass", n. Etym: [OF. amasse, fr. ambusher.]

Defn: A mass; a heap. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

AMASSABLE
A*mass"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being amassed.

AMASSER
A*mass"er, n.

Defn: One who amasses.

AMASSETTE
A`mas`sette", n. Etym: [F. See Amass.]

Defn: An instrument of horn used for collecting painters' colors on
the stone in the process of grinding.

AMASSMENT
A*mass"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. amassement.]

Defn: An amassing; a heap collected; a large quantity or number
brought together; an accumulation.
An amassment of imaginary conceptions. Glanvill.

AMASTHENIC
Am`as*then"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Photog.)

Defn: Uniting the chemical rays of light into one focus, as a certain
kind of lens; amacratic.

AMATE
A*mate", v. t. Etym: [OF. amater, amatir.]

Defn: To dismay; to dishearten; to daunt. [Obs. or Archaic]
The Silures, to amate the new general, rumored the overthrow greater
than was true. Milton.

AMATE
A*mate", v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + mate.]

Defn: To be a mate to; to match. [Obs.] Spenser.

AMATEUR
Am`a*teur", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. amator lover, fr. amare to love.]

Defn: A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, or science as
to music or painting; esp. one who cultivates any study or art, from
taste or attachment, without pursuing it professionally.

AMATEURISH
Am`a*teur"ish, a.

Defn: In the style of an amateur; superficial or defective like the
work of an amateur.
 -- Am`a*teur"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Am`a*teur"ish*ness, n.

AMATEURISM
Am"a*teur*ism, n.

Defn: The practice, habit, or work of an amateur.

AMATEURSHIP
Am"a*teur`ship, n.

Defn: The quality or character of an amateur.

AMATIVE
Am"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. amatus, p. p. of amare to love.]

Defn: Full of love; amatory.

AMATIVENESS
Am"a*tive*ness, n. (Phren.)

Defn: The faculty supposed to influence sexual desire; propensity to
love. Combe.

AMATORIAL
Am`a*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [See Amatorious.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a lover or to love making; amatory; as,
amatorial verses.

AMATORIALLY
Am`a*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an amatorial manner.

AMATORIAN
Am`a*to"ri*an, a.

Defn: Amatory. [R.] Johnson.

AMATORIOUS
Am`a*to"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. amatorius, fr. amare to love.]

Defn: Amatory. [Obs.] "Amatorious poem." Milton.

AMATORY
Am"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, producing, or expressing, sexual love; as,
amatory potions.

AMAUROSIS
Am`au*ro"sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A loss or decay of sight, from loss of power in the optic
nerve, without any perceptible external change in the eye; -- called
also gutta serena, the "drop serene" of Milton.

AMAUROTIC
Am`au*rot"ic, a.

Defn: Affected with amaurosis; having the characteristics of
amaurosis.

AMAZE
A*maze", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amazed; p. pr. & vb. n. Amazing.] Etym:
[Pref. a- + maze.]

1. To bewilder; to stupefy; to bring into a maze. [Obs.]
A labyrinth to amaze his foes. Shak.

2. To confound, as by fear, wonder, extreme surprise; to overwhelm
with wonder; to astound; to astonish greatly. "Amazing Europe with
her wit." Goldsmith.
And all the people were amazed, and said, Is not this the son of
David Matt. xii. 23.

Syn.
 -- To astonish; astound; confound; bewilder; perplex; surprise.
 -- Amaze, Astonish. Amazement includes the notion of bewilderment of
difficulty accompanied by surprise. It expresses a state in which one
does not know what to do, or to say, or to think. Hence we are amazed
at what we can not in the least account for. Astonishment also
implies surprise. It expresses a state in which one is stunned by the
vastness or greatness of something, or struck with some degree of
horror, as when one is overpowered by the

AMAZE
A*maze", v. i.

Defn: To be astounded. [Archaic] B. Taylor.

AMAZE
A*maze", v. t.

Defn: Bewilderment, arising from fear, surprise, or wonder;
amazement. [Chiefly poetic]
The wild, bewildered Of one to stone converted by amaze. Byron.

AMAZEDLY
A*maz"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In amazement; with confusion or astonishment. Shak.

AMAZEDNESS
A*maz"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being amazed, or confounded with fear, surprise,
or wonder. Bp. Hall.

AMAZEFUL
A*maze"ful, a.

Defn: Full of amazement. [R.]

AMAZEMENT
A*maze"ment, n.

1. The condition of being amazed; bewilderment [Obs.]; overwhelming
wonder, as from surprise, sudden fear, horror, or admiration.
His words impression left Of much amazement. Milton.

2. Frenzy; madness. [Obs.] Webster (1661).

AMAZING
A*maz"ing, a.

Defn: Causing amazement; very wonderful; as, amazing grace.
 -- A*maz"ing*ly, adv.

AMAZON
Am"a*zon, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. One of a fabulous race of female warriors in Scythia; hence, a
female warrior.

2. A tall, strong, masculine woman; a virago.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name numerous species of South American parrots of the genus
Chrysotis Amazon ant (Zoöl.), a species of ant (Polyergus rufescens),
of Europe and America. They seize by conquest the larvæ and nymphs
other species and make slaves of them in their own nests.

AMAZONIAN
Am`a*zo"ni*an, a.

1. Pertaining to or resembling an Amazon; of masculine manners;
warlike. Shak.

2. Of or pertaining to the river Amazon in South America, or to its
valley.

AMAZONITE; AMAZON STONE
Am"a*zon*ite, Am"a*zon stone`, n. Etym: [Named from the river
Amazon.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of feldspar, having a verdigris-green color.

AMB-; AMBI-
Amb-, Am*bi-. Etym: [L. prefix ambi-, amb-, akin to Gr. abhi, AS.
embe, emb, OHG. umbi, umpi, G. um, and also L. ambo both. Cf. Amphi-,
Both, By.]

Defn: A prefix meaning about, around; -- used in words derived from
the Latin.

AMBAGES
Am*ba"ges, n. pl. Etym: [L. (usually in pl.); pref. ambi-, amb- +
agere to drive: cf. F. ambage.]

Defn: A circuit; a winding. Hence: Circuitous way or proceeding;
quibble; circumlocution; indirect mode of speech.
After many ambages, perspicuously define what this melancholy is.
Burton.

AMBAGINOUS
Am*bag"i*nous, a.

Defn: Ambagious. [R.]

AMBAGIOUS
Am*ba"gious, a. Etym: [L. ambagiosus.]

Defn: Circumlocutory; circuitous. [R.]

AMBAGITORY
Am*bag"i*to*ry, a.

Defn: Ambagious. [R.]

AMBARY; AMBARY HEMP
Am*ba"ry, n., or Ambary hemp. [Hind. ambara, ambari.]

Defn: A valuable East Indian fiber plant (Hibiscus cannabinus), or
its fiber, which is used throughout India for making ropes, cordage,
and a coarse canvas and sackcloth; --called also brown Indian hemp.

AMBASSADE; EMBASSADE
Am"bas*sade, Em"bas*sade, n. Etym: [F. ambassade. See Embassy.]

1. The mission of an ambassador. [Obs.] Carew.

2. An embassy. [Obs.] Strype.

AMBASSADOR; EMBASSADOR
Am*bas"sa*dor, Em*bas"sa*dor, n. Etym: [See Embassador.]

1. A minister of the highest rank sent a foreign court to represent
there his sovereign or country.

Note: Ambassador are either ordinary [or resident] or extraordinary,
that is, sent upon some special or unusual occasion or errand.
Abbott.

2. An official messenger and representative.

AMBASSADORIAL
Am*bas`sa*do"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an ambassador. H. Walpole.

AMBASSADORSHIP
Am*bas`sa*dor*ship, n.

Defn: The state, office, or functions of an ambassador.

AMBASSADRESS
Am*bas"sa*dress, n.

Defn: A female ambassador; also, the wife of an ambassador. Prescott.

AMBASSAGE
Am"bas*sage, n.

Defn: Same as Embassage. [Obs. or R.] Luke xiv. 32.

AMBASSY
Am"bas*sy, n.

Defn: See Embassy, the usual spelling. Helps.

AMBER
Am"ber, n. Etym: [OE. aumbre, F. ambre, Sp. ámbar, and with the Ar.
article, alámbar, fr. Ar. 'anbar ambergris.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A yellowish translucent resin resembling copal, found as a
fossil in alluvial soils, with beds of lignite, or on the seashore in
many places. It takes a fine polish, and is used for pipe
mouthpieces, beads, etc., and as a basis for a fine varnish. By
friction, it becomes strongly electric.

2. Amber color, or anything amber-colored; a clear light yellow; as,
the amber of the sky.

3. Ambergris. [Obs.]
You that smell of amber at my charge. Beau. & Fl.

4. The balsam, liquidambar. Black amber, and old and popular name for
jet.

AMBER
Am"ber, a.

1. Consisting of amber; made of amber. "Amber bracelets." Shak.

2. Resembling amber, especially in color; amber-colored. "The amber
morn." Tennyson.

AMBER
Am"ber, v. t. [p. p. & p. a. Ambered .]

1. To scent or flavor with ambergris; as, ambered wine.

2. To preserve in amber; as, an ambered fly.

AMBER FISH
Am"ber fish. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of the southern Atlantic coast (Seriola Carolinensis.)

AMBERGREASE
Am"ber*grease, n.

Defn: See Ambergris.

AMBERGRIS
Am"ber*gris, n. Etym: [F. ambre gris, i. e., gray amber; F. gris
gray, which is of German origin: cf. OS. grîs, G. greis, gray-haired.
See Amber.]

Defn: A substance of the consistence of wax, found floating in the
Indian Ocean and other parts of the tropics, and also as a morbid
secretion in the intestines of the sperm whale (Physeter
macrocephalus), which is believed to be in all cases its true origin.
In color it is white, ash-gray, yellow, or black, and often
variegated like marble. The floating masses are sometimes from sixty
to two hundred and twenty-five pounds in weight. It is wholly
volatilized as a white vapor at 212º Fahrenheit, and is highly valued
in perfumery. Dana.

AMBER ROOM
Am"ber room

Defn: A room formerly in the Czar's Summer Palace in Russia, which
was richly decorated with walls and fixtures made from amber.  The
amber was removed by occupying German troops during the Second World
War and has, as of 1997, never been recovered.  The room is being
recreated from old photographs by Russian artisans. PJC

AMBER SEED
Am"ber seed`.

Defn: Seed of the Hibiscus abelmoschus, somewhat resembling millet,
brought from Egypt and the West Indies, and having a flavor like that
of musk; musk seed. Chambers.

AMBER TREE
Am"ber tree`.

Defn: A species of Anthospermum, a shrub with evergreen leaves,
which, when bruised, emit a fragrant odor.

AMBES-AS
Ambes"-as, n.

Defn: Ambs-ace. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AMBIDEXTER
Am"bi*dex"ter, a. Etym: [LL., fr. L. ambo both + dexter right, dextra
(sc. manus) the right hand.]

Defn: Using both hands with equal ease. Smollett.

AMBIDEXTER
Am`bi*dex"ter, n.

1. A person who uses both hands with equal facility.

2. Hence; A double-dealer; one equally ready to act on either side in
party disputes.
The rest are hypocrites, ambidexters, so many turning pictures -- a
lion on one side, a lamb on the other. Burton.

3. (Law)

Defn: A juror who takes money from both parties for giving his
verdict. Cowell.

AMBIDEXTERITY
Am"bi*dex*ter"i*ty, n.

1. The quality of being ambidexas, ambidexterity of argumentation.
Sterne.
Ignorant I was of the human frame, and of its latent powers, as
regarded speed, force, and ambidexterity. De Quincey.

2. Double-dealing. (Law)

Defn: A juror's taking of money from the both parties for a verdict.

AMBIDEXTRAL
Am`bi*dex"tral, a.

Defn: Pertaining equally to the right-hand side and the left-hand
side. Earle.

AMBIDEXTROUS
Am`bi*dex"trous, a.

1. Pertaining the faculty of using both hands with equal ease. Sir T.
Browne.

2. Practicing or siding with both parties.
All false, shuffling, and ambidextrous dealings. L'Estrange.

AMBIDEXTROUSLY
Am"bi*dex"trous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ambidextrous manner; cunningly.

AMBIDEXTROUSNESS
Am`bi*dex"trous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being ambidextrous; ambidexterity.

AMBIENT
Am"bi*ent, a. Etym: [L. ambiens, p. pr. of ambire to go around; amb-
+ ire to go.]

Defn: Encompassing on all sides; circumfused; investing. "Ambient
air." Milton. "Ambient clouds." Pope.

AMBIENT
Am"bi*ent, n.

Defn: Something that surrounds or invests; as, air . . . being a
perpetual ambient. Sir H. Wotton.

AMBIGENOUS
Am*big"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. ambo both + genus kind.]

Defn: Of two kinds. (Bot.)

Defn: Partaking of two natures, as the perianth of some endogenous
plants, where the outer surface is calycine, and the inner petaloid.

AMBIGU
Am"bi*gu, n. Etym: [F., fr. ambigu doubtful, L. ambiquus. See
Ambiguous.]

Defn: An entertainment at which a medley of dishes is set on at the
same time.

AMBIGUITY
Am`bi*gu"i*ty, n.; pl. Ambiguities. Etym: [L. ambiguitas, fr.
ambiguus: cf. F. ambiguité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or
uncertainty, particularly as to the signification of language,
arising from its admitting of more than one meaning; an equivocal
word or expression.
No shadow of ambiguity can rest upon the course to be pursued. I.
Taylor.
The words are of single signification, without any ambiguity. South.

AMBIGUOUS
Am*big"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. ambiguus, fr. ambigere to wander about,
waver; amb- + agere to drive.]

Defn: Doubtful or uncertain, particularly in respect to
signification; capable of being understood in either of two or more
possible senses; equivocal; as, an ambiguous course; an ambiguous
expression.
What have been thy answers What but dark, Ambiguous, and with double
sense deluding Milton.

Syn.
 -- Doubtful; dubious; uncertain; unsettled; indistinct;
indeterminate; indefinite. See Equivocal.

AMBIGUOUSLY
Am*big"u*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ambiguous manner; with doubtful meaning.

AMBIGUOUSNESS
Am*big"u*ous*ness, n.

Defn: Ambiguity.

AMBILEVOUS
Am`bi*le"vous, a. Etym: [L. ambo both + laevus left.]

Defn: Left-handed on both sides; clumsy; -- opposed to ambidexter.
[R.] Sir T. Browne.

AMBILOQUY
Am*bil"o*quy, n.

Defn: Doubtful or ambiguous language. [Obs.] Bailey.

AMBIPAROUS
Am*bip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. ambo both + parere to bring forth.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Characterized by containing the rudiments of both flowers and
leaves; -- applied to a bud.

AMBIT
Am"bit, n. Etym: [L. ambitus circuit, fr. ambire to go around. See
Ambient.]

Defn: Circuit or compass.
His great parts did not live within a small ambit. Milward.

AMBITION
Am*bi"tion, n. Etym: [F. ambition, L. ambitio a going around,
especially of candidates for office is Rome, to solicit votes (hence,
desire for office or honorambire to go around. See Ambient, Issue.]

1. The act of going about to solicit or obtain an office, or any
other object of desire; canvassing. [Obs.]
[I] used no ambition to commend my deeds. Milton.

2. An eager, and sometimes an inordinate, desire for preferment,
honor, superiority, power, or the attainment of something.
Cromwell, I charge thee, fling a way ambition: By that sin fell the
angels. Shak.
The pitiful ambition of possessing five or six thousand more acres.
Burke.

AMBITION
Am*bi"tion, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. ambitionner.]

Defn: To seek after ambitiously or eagerly; to covet. [R.]
Pausanias, ambitioning the sovereignty of Greece, bargains with
Xerxes for his daughter in marriage. Trumbull.

AMBITIONIST
Am*bi"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One excessively ambitious. [R.]

AMBITIONLESS
Am*bi"tion*less, a.

Defn: Devoid of ambition. Pollok.

AMBITIOUS
Am*bi"tious, a. Etym: [L. ambitiosus: cf. F. ambitieux. See
Ambition.]

1. Possessing, or controlled by, ambition; greatly or inordinately
desirous of power, honor, office, superiority, or distinction.
Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, And Brutus is an honorable man.
Shak.

2. Strongly desirous; -- followed by of or the infinitive; as,
ambitious to be or to do something.
I was not ambitious of seeing this ceremony. Evelyn.
Studious of song, and yet ambitious not to sing in vain. Cowper.

3. Springing from, characterized by, or indicating, ambition; showy;
aspiring; as, an ambitious style.
A giant statue . . . Pushed by a wild and artless race, From off
wide, ambitious base. Collins.

AMBITIOUSLY
Am*bi"tious*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ambitious manner.

AMBITIOUSNESS
Am*bi"tious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being ambitious; ambition; pretentiousness.

AMBITUS
Am"bi*tus, n. Etym: [L. See Ambit, Ambition.]

1. The exterior edge or border of a thing, as the border of a leaf,
or the outline of a bivalve shell.

2. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A canvassing for votes.

AMBLE
Am"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ambled; p. pr. & vb. n. Ambling.] Etym:
[F. ambler to amble, fr. L. ambulare to walk, in LL., to amble, perh.
fr. amb-, ambi-, and a root meaning to go: cf. Gr. base. Cf.
Ambulate.]

1. To go at the easy gait called an amble; -- applied to the horse or
to its rider.

2. To move somewhat like an ambling horse; to go easily or without
hard shocks.
The skipping king, he ambled up and down. Shak.
Sir, your wit ambles well; it goes easily. Shak.

AMBLE
Am"ble, n.

1. A peculiar gait of a horse, in which both legs on the same side
are moved at the same time, alternating with the legs on the other
side. "A fine easy amble." B. Jonson.

2. A movement like the amble of a horse.

AMBLER
Am"bler, n.

Defn: A horse or a person that ambles.

AMBLINGLY
Am"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: With an ambling gait.

AMBLOTIC
Am*blot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Tending to cause abortion.

AMBLYGON
Am"bly*gon, n. Etym: [Gr. amblygone.] (Geom.)

Defn: An obtuse-angled figure, esp. and obtuse-angled triangle.
[Obs.]

AMBLYGONAL
Am*blyg"o*nal, a.

Defn: Obtuse-angled. [Obs.] Hutton.

AMBLYOPIA; AMBLYOPY
Am`bly*o"pi*a, Am"bly*o`py, n. Etym: [Gr. amblyopie.] (Med.)

Defn: Weakness of sight, without and opacity of the cornea, or of the
interior of the eye; the first degree of amaurosis.

AMBLYOPIC
Am"bly*op"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to amblyopy. Quain.

AMBLYPODA
Am*blyp"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A group of large, extinct, herbivorous mammals, common in the
Tertiary formation of the United States.

AMBO
Am"bo, n.; pl. Ambos. Etym: [LL. ambo, Gr. ambon.]

Defn: A large pulpit or reading desk, in the early Christian
churches. Gwilt.

AMBON
Am"bon, n.

Defn: Same as Ambo.

AMBOYNA BUTTON
Am*boy"na but"ton. (Med.)

Defn: A chronic contagious affection of the skin, prevalent in the
tropics.

AMBOYNA PINE
Amboyna pine. (Bot.)

Defn: The resiniferous tree Agathis Dammara, of the Moluccas.

AMBOYNA WOOD
Am*boy"na wood.

Defn: A beautiful mottled and curled wood, used in cabinetwork. It is
obtained from the Pterocarpus Indicus of Amboyna, Borneo, etc.

AMBREATE
Am"bre*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt formed by the combination of ambreic acid with a base or
positive radical.

AMBREIC
Am*bre"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to ambrein; -- said of a certain acid produced
by digesting ambrein in nitric acid.

AMBREIN
Am"bre*in, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ambréine. See Amber.] (Chem.)

Defn: A fragrant substance which is the chief constituent of
ambergris.

AMBRITE
Am"brite, n. Etym: [From amber.]

Defn: A fossil resin occurring in large masses in New Zealand.

AMBROSE
Am"brose, n.

Defn: A sweet-scented herb; ambrosia. See Ambrosia, 3. Turner.

AMBROSIA
Am*bro"sia, n. Etym: [L. ambrosia, Gr. mrita, L. mortuus, dead, and
to E. mortal.]

1. (Myth.)
(a) The fabled food of the gods (as nectar was their drink), which
conferred immortality upon those who partook of it.
(b) An unguent of the gods.
His dewy locks distilled ambrosia. Milton.

2. A perfumed unguent, salve, or draught; something very pleasing to
the taste or smell. Spenser.

3. Formerly, a kind of fragrant plant; now (Bot.), a genus of plants,
including some coarse and worthless weeds, called ragweed, hogweed,
etc.

AMBROSIA BEETLE
Ambrosia beetle. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bark beetle that feeds on ambrosia.

AMBROSIAC
Am"bro"si*ac, a. Etym: [L. ambrosiacus: cf. F. ambrosiaque.]

Defn: Having the qualities of ambrosia; delicious. [R.]"Ambrosiac
odors." B. Jonson.

AMBROSIAL
Am*bro"sial, a. Etym: [L. ambrosius, Gr.

1. Consisting of, or partaking of the nature of, ambrosia; delighting
the taste or smell; delicious. "Ambrosial food." "Ambrosial
fragrance." Milton.

2. Divinely excellent or beautiful. "Shakes his ambrosial curls."
Pope.

AMBROSIALLY
Am*bro"sial*ly, adv.

Defn: After the manner of ambrosia; delightfully. "Smelt
ambrosially." Tennyson.

AMBROSIAN
Am*bro"sian, a.

Defn: Ambrosial. [R.] . Jonson.

AMBROSIAN
Am*bro"sian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to St. Ambrose; as, the Ambrosian office, or
ritual, a formula of worship in the church of Milan, instituted by
St. Ambrose. Ambrosian chant, the mode of signing or chanting
introduced by St. Ambrose in the 4th century.

AMBROSIN
Am"bro*sin, n. Etym: [LL. Ambrosinus nummus.]

Defn: An early coin struck by the dukes of Milan, and bearing the
figure of St. Ambrose on horseback.

AMBROTYPE
Am"bro*type, n. Etym: [Gr. -type.] (Photog.)

Defn: A picture taken on a place of prepared glass, in which the
lights are represented in silver, and the shades are produced by a
dark background visible through the unsilvered portions of the glass.

AMBRY
Am"bry, n.; pl. Ambries. Etym: [OE. aumbry, almery, OF. almarie,
armarie, aumaire, F. armoire, LL. armarium chest, cupboard, orig. a
repository for arms, fr. L. arama arms. The word has been confused
with almonry. See Armory.]

1. In churches, a kind of closet, niche, cupboard, or locker for
utensils, vestments, etc.

2. A store closet, as a pantry, cupboard, etc.

3. Almonry. [Improperly so used]

AMBS-ACE
Ambs"-ace, n. Etym: [OF. ambesas; ambes both (fr. L. ambo) + as ace.
See Ace.]

Defn: Double aces, the lowest throw of all at dice. Hence: Bad luck;
anything of no account or value.

AMBULACRAL
Am`bu*la"cral, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to ambulacra; avenuelike; as, the ambulacral
ossicles, plates, spines, and suckers of echinoderms.

AMBULACRIFORM
Am`bu*la"cri*form, a. Etym: [Ambulacrum + -form] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the form of ambulacra.

AMBULACRUM
Am`bu*la"crum, n.; pl. Ambulacra. Etym: [L., an alley or covered
way.] (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the radical zones of echinoderms, along which run the
principal nerves, blood vessels, and water tubes. These zones usually
bear rows of locomotive suckers or tentacles, which protrude from
regular pores. In star fishes they occupy the grooves along the under
side of the rays.
(b) One of the suckers on the feet of mites.

AMBULANCE
Am"bu*lance, n. Etym: [F. ambulance, hôpital ambulant, fr. L.
ambulare to walk. See Amble.] (Mil.)
(a) A field hospital, so organized as to follow an army in its
movements, and intended to succor the wounded as soon as possible.
Often used adjectively; as, an ambulance wagon; ambulance stretcher;
ambulance corps.
(b) An ambulance wagon or cart for conveying the wounded from the
field, or to a hospital.

AMBULANT
Am"bu*lant, a. Etym: [L. ambulans, p. pr. of ambulare to walk: cf. F.
ambulant.]

Defn: Walking; moving from place to place. Gayton.

AMBULATE
Am"bu*late, v. i. Etym: [L. ambulare to walk. See Amble.]

Defn: To walk; to move about. [R.] Southey.

AMBULATION
Am`bu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. ambulatio.]

Defn: The act of walking. Sir T. Browne.

AMBULATIVE
Am"bu*la*tive, a.

Defn: Walking. [R.]

AMBULATOR
Am"bu*la`tor, n.

1. One who walks about; a walker.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A beetle of the genus Lamia.
(b) A genus of birds, or one of this genus.

3. An instrument for measuring distances; -- called also
perambulator. Knight.

AMBULATORIAL
Am`bu*la*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Ambulatory; fitted for walking. Verrill.

AMBULATORY
Am"bu*la*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. ambulatorius.]

1. Of or pertaining to walking; having the faculty of walking; formed
or fitted for walking; as, an ambulatory animal.

2. Accustomed to move from place to place; not stationary; movable;
as, an ambulatory court, which exercises its jurisdiction in
different places.
The priesthood . . . before was very ambulatory, and dispersed into
all families. Jer. Taylor.

3. Pertaining to a walk. [R.]
The princess of whom his majesty had an ambulatory view in his
travels. Sir H. Wotton.

4. (Law)

Defn: Not yet fixed legally, or settled past alteration; alterable;
as, the dispositions of a will are ambulatory until the death of the
testator.

AMBULATORY
Am"bu*la*to*ry, n.; pl. Ambulatories. Etym: [Cf. LL. ambulatorium.]
(Arch.)

Defn: A place to walk in, whether in the open air, as the gallery of
a cloister, or within a building.

AMBURRY
Am"bur*ry, n.

Defn: Same as Anbury.

AMBUSCADE
Am`bus*cade", n. Etym: [F. embuscade, fr. It. imboscata, or Sp.
emboscada, fr. emboscar to ambush, fr. LL. imboscare. See Ambush, v.
t.]

1. A lying in a wood, concealed, for the purpose of attacking an
enemy by surprise. Hence: A lying in wait, and concealed in any
situation, for a like purpose; a snare laid for an enemy; an ambush.

2. A place in which troops lie hid, to attack an enemy unexpectedly.
[R.] Dryden.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: The body of troops lying in ambush.

AMBUSCADE
Am`bus*cade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ambuscaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ambuscading.]

1. To post or conceal in ambush; to ambush.

2. To lie in wait for, or to attack from a covert or lurking place;
to waylay.

AMBUSCADE
Am`bus*cade", v. i.

Defn: To lie in ambush.

AMBUSCADO
Am`bus*ca"do, n.

Defn: Ambuscade. [Obs.] Shak.

AMBUSCADOED
Am`bus*ca"doed, p. p.

Defn: Posted in ambush; ambuscaded. [Obs.]

AMBUSH
Am"bush, n. Etym: [F. embûche, fr. the verb. See Ambush, v. t.]

1. A disposition or arrangement of troops for attacking an enemy
unexpectedly from a concealed station. Hence: Unseen peril; a device
to entrap; a snare.
Heaven, whose high walls fear no assault or siege Or ambush from the
deep. Milton.

2. A concealed station, where troops or enemies lie in wait to attack
by surprise.
Bold in close ambush, base in open field. Dryden.

3. The troops posted in a concealed place, for attacking by surprise;
liers in wait. [Obs.]
The ambush arose quickly out of their place. Josh. viii. 19.
To lay an ambush, to post a force in ambush.

AMBUSH
Am"bush, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ambushed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ambushing.]
Etym: [OE. enbussen, enbushen, OF. embushier, embuissier, F.
embûcher, embusquer, fr. LL. imboscare; in + LL. boscus, buscus, a
wood; akin to G. bush, E. bush. See Ambuscade, Bu.]

1. To station in ambush with a view to surprise an enemy.
By ambushed men behind their temple Dryden.

2. To attack by ambush; to waylay.

AMBUSH
Am"bush, v. i.

Defn: To lie in wait, for the purpose of attacking by surprise; to
lurk.
Nor saw the snake that ambushed for his prey. Trumbull.

AMBUSHER
Am"bush*er, n.

Defn: One lying in ambush.

AMBUSHMENT
Am"bush*ment, n. Etym: [OF. embuschement. See Ambush, v. t.]

Defn: An ambush. [Obs.] 2 Chron. xiii. 13.

AMBUSTION
Am*bus"tion, n. Etym: [L. ambustio.] (Med.)

Defn: A burn or scald. Blount.

AMEBEAN
Am`e*be"an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Am.

AMEER; AMIR
A*meer", A*mir", n. Etym: [See Emir.]

1. Emir. [Obs.]

2. One of the Mohammedan nobility of Afghanistan and Scinde.

AMEL
Am"el, n. Etym: [OE. amell, OF. esmail, F. émail, of German origin;
cf. OHG. smelzi, G. schmelz. See Smelt, v. t.]

Defn: Enamel. [Obs.] Boyle.

AMEL
Am"el, v. t. Etym: [OE. amellen, OF. esmailler, F. émailler, OF.
esmail, F. émail.]

Defn: To enamel. [Obs.]
Enlightened all with stars, And richly ameled. Chapman.

AMELCORN
Am"el*corn`, n. Etym: [Ger. amelkorn: cf. MHG. amel, amer, spelt, and
L. amylum starch, Gr.

Defn: A variety of wheat from which starch is produced; -- called
also French rice.

AMELIORABLE
A*mel"io*ra*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being ameliorated.

AMELIORATE
A*mel"io*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ameliorated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ameliorating.] Etym: [L. ad + meliorare to make better: cf. F.
améliorer. See Meliorate.]

Defn: To make better; to improve; to meliorate.
In every human being there is a wish to ameliorate his own condition.
Macaulay.

AMELIORATE
A*mel"io*rate, v. i.

Defn: To grow better; to meliorate; as, wine ameliorates by age.

AMELIORATION
A*mel`io*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. amélioration.]

Defn: The act of ameliorating, or the state of being ameliorated;
making or becoming better; improvement; melioration. "Amelioration of
human affairs." J. S. Mill.

AMELIORATIVE
A*mel"io*ra*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to ameliorate; producing amelioration or improvement;
as, ameliorative remedies, efforts.

AMELIORATOR
A*mel"io*ra`tor, n.

Defn: One who ameliorates.

AMEN
A`men", interj., adv., & n. Etym: [L. amen, Gr. am certainly, truly.]

Defn: An expression used at the end of prayers, and meaning, So be
it. At the end of a creed, it is a solemn asseveration of belief.
When it introduces a declaration, it is equivalent to truly, verily.
It is used as a noun, to demote: (a) concurrence in belief, or in a
statement; assent; (b) the final word or act; (c) Christ as being one
who is true and faithful.
And let all the people say, Amen. Ps. cvi. 48.
Amen, amen, I say to thee, except a man be born again, he can not see
the kingdom of God. John ii. 3. Rhemish Trans.
To say amen to, to approve warmly; to concur in heartily or
emphatically; to ratify; as, I say Amen to all.

AMEN
A`men", v. t.

Defn: To say Amen to; to sanction fully.

AMENABILITY
A*me`na*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being amenable; amenableness. Coleridge.

AMENABLE
A*me"na*ble, a. Etym: [F. amener to lead; ad) = mener to lead, fr. L.
minare to drive animals (properly by threatening cries), in LL. to
lead; L. minari, to threaten, minae threats. See Menace.]

1. (Old Law)

Defn: Easy to be led; governable, as a woman by her husband. [Obs.]
Jacob.

2. Liable to be brought to account or punishment; answerable;
responsible; accountable; as, amenable to law.
Nor is man too diminutive . . . to be amenable to the divine
government. I. Taylor.

3. Liable to punishment, a charge, a claim, etc.

4. Willing to yield or submit; responsive; tractable.
Sterling . . . always was amenable enough to counsel. Carlyle.

AMENABLENESS
A*me"na*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being amenable; liability to answer
charges; answerableness.

AMENABLY
A*me"na*bly, adv.

Defn: In an amenable manner.

AMENAGE
Am"e*nage, v. t. Etym: [OF. amesnagier. See Manage.]

Defn: To manage. [Obs.] Spenser.

AMENANCE
Am"e*nance, n. Etym: [OF. See Amenable.]

Defn: Behavior; bearing. [Obs.] Spenser.

AMEND
A*mend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amended; p. pr. & vb. n. Amending.]
Etym: [F. amender, L. emendare; e(ex) + mendum, menda, fault, akin to
Skr. minda personal defect. Cf. Emend, Mend.]

Defn: To change or modify in any way for the better; as,
(a) by simply removing what is erroneous, corrupt, superfluous,
faulty, and the like;
(b) by supplying deficiencies;
(c) by substituting something else in the place of what is removed;
to rectify.
Mar not the thing that can not be amended. Shak.
An instant emergency, granting no possibility for revision, or
opening for amended thought. De Quincey.
We shall cheer her sorrows, and amend her blood, by wedding her to a
Norman. Sir W. Scott.
To amend a bill, to make some change in the details or provisions of
a bill or measure while on its passage, professedly for its
improvement.

Syn.
 -- To Amend, Emend, Correct, Reform, Rectify. These words agree in
the idea of bringing things into a more perfect state. We correct
(literally, make straight) when we conform things to some standard or
rule; as, to correct proof sheets. We amend by removing blemishes,
faults, or errors, and thus rendering a thing more a nearly perfect;
as, to amend our ways, to amend a text, the draft of a bill, etc.
Emend is only another form of amend, and is applied chiefly to
editions of books, etc. To reform is literally to form over again, or
put into a new and better form; as, to reform one's life. To rectify
is to make right; as, to rectify a mistake, to rectify abuses,
inadvertencies, etc.

AMEND
A*mend", v. i.

Defn: To grow better by rectifying something wrong in manners or
morals; to improve. "My fortune . . . amends." Sir P. Sidney.

AMENDABLE
A*mend"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being amended; as, an amendable writ or error.
 -- A*mend"a*ble*ness, n.

AMENDATORY
A*mend"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Supplying amendment; corrective; emendatory. Bancroft.

AMENDE
A`mende", n. Etym: [F. See Amend.]

Defn: A pecuniary punishment or fine; a reparation or recantation.
Amende honorable(#). (Old French Law) A species of infamous
punishment in which the offender, being led into court with a rope
about his neck, and a lighted torch in his hand, begged pardon of his
God, the court, etc. In popular language, the phrase now denotes a
public apology or recantation, and reparation to an injured party,
for improper language or treatment.

AMENDER
A*mend"er, n.

Defn: One who amends.

AMENDFUL
A*mend"ful, a.

Defn: Much improving. [Obs.]

AMENDMENT
A*mend"ment, n. Etym: [F. amendement, LL. amendamentum.]

1. An alteration or change for the better; correction of a fault or
of faults; reformation of life by quitting vices.

2. In public bodies; Any alternation made or proposed to be made in a
bill or motion by adding, changing, substituting, or omitting.

3. (Law)

Defn: Correction of an error in a writ or process.

Syn.
 -- Improvement; reformation; emendation.

AMENDS
A*mends", n. sing. & pl. Etym: [F. amendes, pl. of amende. Cf.
Amende.]

Defn: Compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation. [Now
const. with sing. verb.] "An honorable amends." Addison.
Yet thus far fortune maketh us amends. Shak.

AMENITY
A*men"i*ty, n.; pl. Amenities. Etym: [F. aménité, L. amoenitas, fr.
amoenus pleasant.]

Defn: The quality of being pleasant or agreeable, whether in respect
to situation, climate, manners, or disposition; pleasantness;
civility; suavity; gentleness.
A sweetness and amenity of temper. Buckle.
This climate has not seduced by its amenities. W. Howitt.

AMENORRHOEA
A*men`or*rhoe"a, n. Etym: [Gr. aménorrhée.] (Med.)

Defn: Retention or suppression of the menstrual discharge.

AMENORRHOEAL
A*men`or*rhoe"al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to amenorrhoea.

A MENSA ET THORO
A men"sa et tho"ro. Etym: [L., from board and bed.] (Law)

Defn: A kind of divorce which does not dissolve the marriage bond,
but merely authorizes a separate life of the husband and wife.
Abbott.

AMENT
Am"ent, n. Etym: [L. amentum thong or strap.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of inflorescence; a catkin.
The globular ament of a buttonwood. Coues.

AMENTACEOUS
Am`en*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [LL. amentaceus.] (Bot.)
(a) Resembling, or consisting of, an ament or aments; as, the
chestnut has an amentaceous inflorescence.
(b) Bearing aments; having flowers arranged in aments; as,
amentaceous plants.

AMENTIA
A*men"ti*a, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: Imbecility; total want of understanding.

AMENTIFEROUS
Am`en*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. amentum + -ferous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing catkins. Balfour.

AMENTIFORM
A*men"ti*form, a. Etym: [L. amentum + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Shaped like a catkin.

AMENTUM
A*men"tum, n.; pl. Amenta.

Defn: Same as Ament.

AMENUSE
Am"e*nuse, v. t. Etym: [OF. amenuisier. See Minute.]

Defn: To lessen. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AMERCE
A*merce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amerced; p. pr. & vb. n. Amercing.]
Etym: [OF. amercier, fr. a merci at the mercy of, liable to a
punishment. See Mercy.]

1. To punish by a pecuniary penalty, the amount of which is not fixed
by law, but left to the discretion of the court; as, the amerced the
criminal in the sum on the hundred dollars.

Note: The penalty of fine may be expressed without a preposition, or
it may be introduced by in, with, or of.

2. To punish, in general; to mulct.
Millions of spirits for his fault amerced Of Heaven. Milton.
Shall by him be amerced with penance due. Spenser.

AMERCEABLE
A*merce"a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to be amerced.

AMERCEMENT
A*merce"ment, n. Etym: [OF. amerciment.]

Defn: The infliction of a penalty at the discretion of the court;
also, a mulct or penalty thus imposed. It differs from a fine,in that
the latter is, or was originally, a fixed and certain sum prescribed
by statue for an offense; but an amercement is arbitrary. Hence, the
act or practice of affeering. [See Affeer.] Blackstone.

Note: This word, in old books, is written amerciament. Amercement
royal, a penalty imposed on an officer for a misdemeanor in his
office. Jacobs.

AMERCER
A*mer"cer, n.

Defn: One who amerces.

AMERCIAMENT
A*mer"cia*ment, n. Etym: [LL. amerciamentum.]

Defn: Same as Amercement. Mozley & W.

AMERICAN
A*mer"i*can, a. Etym: [Named from Americus Vespucius.]

1. Of or pertaining to America; as, the American continent: American
Indians.

2. Of or pertaining to the United States. "A young officer of the
American navy." Lyell. American ivy. See Virginia creeper.
 -- American Party (U. S. Politics), a party, about 1854, which
opposed the influence of foreign-born citizens, and those supposed to
owe allegiance to a foreign power.
 -- Native american Party (U. S. Politics), a party of principles
similar to those of the American party. It arose about 1843, but soon
died out.

AMERICAN
A*mer"i*can, n.

Defn: A native of America; -- originally applied to the aboriginal
inhabitants, but now applied to the descendants of Europeans born in
America, and especially to the citizens of the United States.
The name American must always exalt the pride of patriotism.
Washington.

AMERICANISM
A*mer"i*can*ism, n.

1. Attachment to the United States.

2. A custom peculiar to the United States or to America; an American
characteristic or idea.

3. A word or phrase peculiar to the United States.

AMERICANIZATION
A*mer`i*can*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The process of Americanizing.

AMERICANIZE
A*mer"i*can*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Americanizer; p. pr. & vb. n.
Americanizing.]

Defn: To render American; to assimilate to the Americans in customs,
ideas, etc.; to stamp with American characteristics.

AMERICAN PLAN
A*mer"i*can plan.

Defn: In hotels, aplan upon which guests pay for both room and board
by the day, week, or other convenient period; -- contrasted with
European plan.

AMERICAN PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION
A*mer"i*can Pro*tect"ive As*so`ci*a"tion.

Defn: A secret organization in the United States, formed in Iowa in
1887, ostensibly for the protection of American institutions by
keeping Roman Catholics out of public office. Abbrev. commonly to A.
P .A.

AMES-ACE
Ames"-ace, n.

Defn: Same as Ambs-ace.

AMESS
Am"ess, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: Amice, a hood or cape. See 2d Amice.

AMETABOLA
Am`e*tab"o*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of insects which do not undergo any metamorphosis.
[Written also Ametabolia.]

AMETABOLIAN
A*met`a*bo"li*an, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to insects that do undergo any metamorphosis.

AMETABOLIC; AMETABOLOUS
A*met`a*bol"ic, Am`e*tab"o*lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Not undergoing any metamorphosis; as, ametabolic insects.

AMETHODIST
A*meth"o*dist, n. Etym: [Pref. a- not + methodist.]

Defn: One without method; a quack. [Obs.]

AMETHYST
Am"e*thyst, Etym: [F. ametiste, amatiste, F. améthyste, L.
amethystus, fr. Gr. Mead.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of crystallized quartz, of a purple or bluish violet
color, of different shades. It is much used as a jeweler's stone.
Oriental amethyst, the violet-blue variety of transparent
crystallized corundum or sapphire.

2. (Her.)

Defn: A purple color in a nobleman's escutcheon, or coat of arms.

AMETHYSTINE
Am`e*thys"tine, a. Etym: [L. amethystinus, Gr.

1. Resembling amethyst, especially in color; bluish violet.

2. Composed of, or containing, amethyst.

AMETROPIA
Am`e*tro"pi*a, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Any abnormal condition of the refracting powers of the eye.
 -- Am`e*trop"ic, a.

AMHARIC
Am*har"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Amhara, a division of Abyssinia; as, the
Amharic language is closely allied to the Ethiopic.
 -- n.

Defn: The Amharic language (now the chief language of Abyssinia).

AMIA
Am"i*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fresh-water ganoid fishes, exclusively confined to
North America; called bowfin in Lake Champlain, dogfish in Lake Erie,
and mudfish in South Carolina, etc. See Bowfin.

AMIABILITY
A`mi*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being amiable; amiableness; sweetness of
disposition.
Every excellency is a degree of amiability. Jer. Taylor.

AMIABLE
A"mi*a*ble, a. Etym: [F. amiable, L. amicabilis friendly, fr. amicus
friend, fr. amare to love. The meaning has been influenced by F.
aimable, L. amabilis lovable, fr. amare to love. Cf. Amicable,
Amorous, Amability.]

1. Lovable; lovely; pleasing. [Obs. or R.]
So amiable a prospect. Sir T. Herbert.

2. Friendly; kindly; sweet; gracious; as, an amiable temper or mood;
amiable ideas.

3. Possessing sweetness of disposition; having sweetness of temper,
kind-heartedness, etc., which causes one to be liked; as, an amiable
woman.

4. Done out of love. [Obs.]
Lay an amiable siege to the honesty of this Ford's wife. Shak.

AMIABLENESS
A`mi*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being amiable; amiability.

AMIABLY
A"mi*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an amiable manner.

AMIANTH
Am"i*anth, n.

Defn: See Amianthus. [Poetic]

AMIANTHIFORM
Am`i*an"thi*form, a. Etym: [Amianthus + -form.]

Defn: Resembling amianthus in form.

AMIANTHOID
Am`i*an"thoid, a. Etym: [Amianthus + -oid: cf. F. amiantoïde.]

Defn: Resembling amianthus.

AMIANTHUS
Am`i*an"thus, n. Etym: [L. amiantus, Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Earth flax, or mountain flax; a soft silky variety of asbestus.

AMIC
Am"ic, a. Etym: [L. ammonia + -ic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Related to, or derived, ammonia; -- used chiefly as a suffix;
as, amic acid; phosphamic acid. Amic acid (Chem.), one of a class of
nitrogenized acids somewhat resembling amides.

AMICABILITY
Am`i*ca*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being amicable; friendliness; amicableness. Ash.

AMICABLE
Am"i*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. amicabilis, fr. amicus friend, fr. amare to
love. See Amiable.]

Defn: Friendly; proceeding from, or exhibiting, friendliness; after
the manner of friends; peaceable; as, an amicable disposition, or
arrangement.
That which was most remarkable in this contest was . . . the amicable
manner in which it was managed. Prideoux.
Amicable action (Law.), an action commenced and prosecuted by
amicable consent of the parties, for the purpose of obtaining a
decision of the court on some matter of law involved in it. Bouvier.
Burrill.
 -- Amicable numbers (Math.), two numbers, each of which is equal to
the sum of all the aliquot parts of the other.

Syn.
 -- Friendly; peaceable; kind; harmonious.
 -- Amicable, Friendly. Neither of these words denotes any great
warmth of affection, since friendly has by no means the same strength
as its noun friendship. It does, however, imply something of real
cordiality; while amicable supposes very little more than that the
parties referred to are not disposed to quarrel. Hence, we speak of
amicable relations between two countries, an amicable adjustment of
difficulties. "Those who entertain friendly feelings toward each
other can live amicably together."

AMICABLENESS
Am"i*ca*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being amicable; amicability.

AMICABLY
Am"i*ca*bly, adv.

Defn: In an amicable manner.

AMICE
Am"ice, n. Etym: [OE. amyse, prob. for amyt, OF. amit, ameit, fr. L.
amictus cloak, the word being confused with amice, almuce, a hood or
cape. See next word.]

Defn: A square of white linen worn at first on the head, but now
about the neck and shoulders, by priests of the Roman Catholic Church
while saying Mass.

AMICE
Am"ice, n. Etym: [OE. amuce, amisse, OF. almuce, aumuce, F. aumusse,
LL. almucium, almucia, aumucia: of unknown origin; cf. G. mütze cap,
prob. of the same origin. Cf. Mozetta.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A hood, or cape with a hood, made of lined with gray fur,
formerly worn by the clergy; -- written also amess, amyss, and
almuce.

AMID
A*mid", prep.

Defn: See Amidst.

AMIDE
Am"ide, n. Etym: [Ammonia + -ide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound formed by the union of amidogen with an acid element
or radical. It may also be regarded as ammonia in which one or more
hydrogen atoms have been replaced by an acid atom or radical. Acid
amide, a neutral compound formed by the substitution of the amido
group for hydroxyl in an acid.

AMIDIN
Am"i*din, n. Etym: [Cf. F. amidine, fr. amido starch, fr. L. amylum,
Gr. Meal.] (Chem.)

Defn: Start modified by heat so as to become a transparent mass, like
horn. It is soluble in cold water.

AMIDO
A*mi"do, a. Etym: [From Amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: Containing, or derived from, amidogen. Amido acid, an acid in
which a portion of the nonacid hydrogen has been replaced by the
amido group. The amido acids are both basic and acid.
 -- Amido group, amidogen, NH2.

AMIDOGEN
A*mid"o*gen, n. Etym: [Amide + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound radical, NH2, not yet obtained in a separate state,
which may be regarded as ammonia from the molecule of which one of
its hydrogen atoms has been removed; -- called also the amido group,
and in composition represented by the form amido.

AMIDOL
Am"i*dol, n.  [Amide + -ol as in alcohol.] (Photog. & Chem.)

Defn: A salt of a diamino phenol, C6H3(OH)(NH2)2, used as a
developer.

AMIDSHIPS
A*mid"ships, adv. (Naut.)

Defn: In the middle of a ship, with regard to her length, and
sometimes also her breadth. Totten.

AMIDST; AMID
A*midst", A*mid", prep. Etym: [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on
middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial
ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a later addition,
as in whilst, amongst, alongst. See Mid.]

Defn: In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among.
"This fair tree amidst the garden." "Unseen amid the throng." "Amidst
thick clouds." Milton. "Amidst acclamations." "Amidst the splendor
and festivity of a court." Macaulay.
But rather famish them amid their plenty. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Amidst, Among. These words differ to some extent from each other,
as will be seen from their etymology. Amidst denotes in the midst or
middle of, and hence surrounded by; as, this work was written amidst
many interruptions. Among denotes a mingling or intermixing with
distinct or separable objects; as, "He fell among thieves." "Blessed
art thou among women." Hence, we say, among the moderns, among the
ancients, among the thickest of trees, among these considerations,
among the reasons I have to offer. Amid and amidst are commonly used
when the idea of separate or distinguishable objects is not
prominent. Hence, we say, they kept on amidst the storm, amidst the
gloom, he was sinking amidst the waves, he persevered amidst many
difficulties; in none of which cases could among be used. In like
manner, Milton speaks of Abdiel, --
The seraph Abdiel, faithful found; Among the faithless faithful only
he, because he was then considered as one of the angels. But when the
poet adds, --
From amidst them forth he passed, we have rather the idea of the
angels as a collective body.
Those squalid cabins and uncleared woods amidst which he was born.
Macaulay.

AMIGO
A*mi"go, n.; pl. Amigos (#). [Sp., fr. L. amicus.]

Defn: A friend; -- a Spanish term applied in the Philippine Islands
to friendly natives.

AMINE
Am"ine, n. Etym: [Ammonia + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of strongly basic substances derived from
ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by a basic atom
or radical.

AMINOL
Am"i*nol, n. [From amine.] (Pharm.)

Defn: A colorless liquid prepared from herring brine and containing
amines, used as a local antiseptic.

AMIOID
Am"i*oid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the Amioidei.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Amioidei.

AMIOIDEI
Am`i*oi"de*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Amia + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of ganoid fishes of which Amis is type. See Bowfin and
Ganoidei.

AMIR
A*mir", n.

Defn: Same as Ameer.

AMISH
Am"ish, n. pl. [Written also Omish.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The Amish Mennonites.

AMISH
Am"ish, a. [Written also Omish.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, the followers of Jacob
Amman, a strict Mennonite of the 17th century, who even proscribed
the use of buttons and shaving as "worldly conformity". There are
several branches of Amish Mennonites in the United States.

AMISS
A*miss", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + miss.]

Defn: Astray; faultily; improperly; wrongly; ill.
What error drives our eyes and ears amiss Shak.
Ye ask and receive not, because ye ask amiss. James iv. 3.
To take (an act, thing) amiss, to impute a wrong motive to (an act or
thing); to take offense at' to take unkindly; as, you must not take
these questions amiss.

AMISS
A*miss", a.

Defn: Wrong; faulty; out of order; improper; as, it may not be amiss
to ask advice.

Note: [Used only in the predicate.] Dryden.
His wisdom and virtue can not always rectify that which is amiss in
himself or his circumstances. Wollaston.

AMISS
A*miss", n.

Defn: A fault, wrong, or mistake. [Obs.]
Each toy seems prologue to some great amiss. Shak.

AMISSIBILITY
A*mis`si*bil"i*ty, Etym: [Cf. F. amissibilité. See Amit.]

Defn: The quality of being amissible; possibility of being lost. [R.]
Notions of popular rights and the amissibility of sovereign power for
misconduct were alternately broached by the two great religious
parties of Europe. Hallam.

AMISSIBLE
A*mis"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. amissibilis: cf. F. amissible.]

Defn: Liable to be lost. [R.]

AMISSION
A*mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. amissio: cf. F. amission.]

Defn: Deprivation; loss. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

AMIT
A*mit", v. t. Etym: [L. amittere, amissum, to lose; a (ab) + mittere
to send. See Missile.]

Defn: To lose. [Obs.]
A lodestone fired doth presently amit its proper virtue. Sir T.
Browne.

AMITOSIS
Am`i*to"sis, n. [NL. See A-not, and Mitosis.] (Biol.)

Defn: Cell division in which there is first a simple cleavage of the
nucleus without change in its structure (such as the formation of
chromosomes), followed by the division of the cytoplasm; direct cell
division; -- opposed to mitosis. It is not the usual mode of
division, and is believed by many to occur chiefly in highly
specialized cells which are incapable of long-continued
multiplication, in transitory structures, and in those in early
stages of degeneration.

AMITOTIC
Am`i*tot"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to amitosis; karyostenotic; -- opposed to
mitotic.

AMITY
Am"i*ty, n.; pl. Amities. Etym: [F. amitié, OF. amistié, amisté, fr.
an assumed LL. amisitas, fr. L. amicus friendly, from amare to love.
See Amiable.]

Defn: Friendship, in a general sense, between individuals, societies,
or nations; friendly relations; good understanding; as, a treaty of
amity and commerce; the amity of the Whigs and Tories.
To live on terms of amity with vice. Cowper.

Syn.
 -- Harmony; friendliness; friendship; affection; good will; peace.

AMMA
Am"ma, n. Etym: [LL. amma, prob. of interjectional or imitative
origin: cf. Sp. ama, G. amme, nurse, Basque ama mother, Heb. , Ar.
immun, ummun.]

Defn: An abbes or spiritual mother.

AMMETER
Am"me*ter, n. (Physics)

Defn: A contraction of amperometer or ampèremeter.

AMMIRAL
Am"mi*ral, n.

Defn: An obsolete form of admiral. "The mast of some great ammiral."
Milton.

AMMITE
Am"mite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: Oölite or roestone; -- written also hammite. [Obs.]

AMMODYTE
Am"mo*dyte, n. Etym: [L. ammodytes, Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of a genus of fishes; the sand eel.
(b) A kind of viper in southern Europe. [Obs.]

AMMONAL
Am"mo*nal`, n.  [Ammonium + aluminium.]

Defn: An explosive consisting of a mixture of powdered aluminium and
nitrate of ammonium.

AMMONIA
Am*mo"ni*a, n. Etym: [From sal ammoniac, which was first obtaining
near the temple of Jupiter Ammon, by burning camel's dung. See
Ammoniac.] (Chem.)

Defn: A gaseous compound of hydrogen and nitrogen, NH3, with a
pungent smell and taste: -- often called volatile alkali, and spirits
of hartshorn.

AMMONIAC; AMMONIACAL
Am*mo"ni*ac, Am`mo*ni"a*cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ammonia, or possessing its properties; as,
an ammoniac salt; ammoniacal gas. Ammoniacal engine, an engine in
which the vapor of ammonia is used as the motive force.
 -- Sal ammoniac Etym: [L. sal ammoniacus], the salt usually called
chloride of ammonium, and formerly muriate of ammonia.

AMMONIAC; GUM AMMONIAC
Am*mo"ni*ac ([or] Gum` am*mo"ni*ac , n. Etym: [L. Ammoniacum, Gr.
Ammon; cf. F. ammoniac. See Ammonite.] (Med.)

Defn: The concrete juice (gum resin) of an umbelliferous plant, the
Dorema ammoniacum. It is brought chiefly from Persia in the form of
yellowish tears, which occur singly, or are aggregated into masses.
It has a peculiar smell, and a nauseous, sweet taste, followed by a
bitter one. It is inflammable, partially soluble in water and in
spirit of wine, and is used in medicine as an expectorant and
resolvent, and for the formation of certain plasters.

AMMONIACAL FERMENTATION
Am`mo*ni"a*cal fer`men*ta"tion.

Defn: Any fermentation process by which ammonia is formed, as that by
which urea is converted into ammonium carbonate when urine is exposed
to the air.

AMMONIATED
Am*mo"ni*a`ted, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined or impregnated with ammonia.

AMMONIC
Am*mo"nic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ammonia.

AMMONITE
Am"mon*ite, n. Etym: [L. cornu Ammonis born of Ammon; L. Ammon, Gr.
Amun.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil cephalopod shell related to the nautilus. There are
many genera and species, and all are extinct, the typical forms
having existed only in the Mesozoic age, when they were exceedingly
numerous. They differ from the nautili in having the margins of the
septa very much lobed or plaited, and the siphuncle dorsal. Also
called serpent stone, snake stone, and cornu Ammonis.

AMMONITIFEROUS
Am`mon*i*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Ammonite + -ferous.]

Defn: Containing fossil ammonites.

AMMONITOIDEA
Am*mon`i*toid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Ammonite + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive group of fossil cephalopods often very abundant in
Mesozoic rocks. See Ammonite.

AMMONIUM
Am*mo"ni*um, n. Etym: [See Ammonia.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound radical, NH4, having the chemical relations of a
strongly basic element like the alkali metals.

AMMUNITION
Am`mu*ni"tion, n. Etym: [F. amunition, for munition, prob. caused by
taking la munition as l'amunition. See Munition.]

1. Military stores, or provisions of all kinds for attack or defense.
[Obs.]

2. Articles used in charging firearms and ordnance of all kinds; as
powder, balls, shot, shells, percussion caps, rockets, etc.

3. Any stock of missiles, literal or figurative. Ammunition bread,
shoes, etc., such as are contracted for by government, and supplied
to the soldiers. [Eng.]

AMMUNITION
Am`mu*ni"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ammunitioned; p pr. & vb. n.
Ammunitioning.]

Defn: To provide with ammunition.

AMNESIA
Am*ne"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Forgetfulness; also, a defect of speech, from cerebral disease,
in which the patient substitutes wrong words or names in the place of
those he wishes to employ. Quian.

AMNESIC
Am*ne"sic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to amnesia. "Amnesic or coördinate defects."
Quian.

AMNESTIC
Am*nes"tic, a.

Defn: Causing loss of memory.

AMNESTY
Am"nes*ty, n. Etym: [L. amnestia, Gr. amnistie, earlier amnestie. See
Mean, v.]

1. Forgetfulness; cessation of remembrance of wrong; oblivion.

2. An act of the sovereign power granting oblivion, or a general
pardon, for a past offense, as to subjects concerned in an
insurrection.

AMNESTY
Am"nes*ty, v. t. [imp. p. p. Amnestied; p. pr. & vb. n. Amnestying.]

Defn: To grant amnesty to.

AMNICOLIST
Am*nic"o*list, n. Etym: [L. amnicola, amnis a river + colere to
dwell.]

Defn: One who lives near a river. [Obs.] Bailey.

AMNIGENOUS
Am*nig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. amnigena; amnis a river + root gen of
gignere to beget.]

Defn: Born or bred in, of, or near a river. [Obs.] Bailey.

AMNION
Am"ni*on, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A thin membrane surrounding the embryos of mammals, birds, and
reptiles.

AMNIOS
Am"ni*os, n.

Defn: Same as Amnion.

AMNIOTA
Am`ni*o"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Amnion.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: That group of vertebrates which develops in its embryonic life
the envelope called the amnion. It comprises the reptiles, the birds,
and the mammals.

AMNIOTIC
Am`ni*ot"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. amniotique.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the amnion; characterized by an amnion; as,
the amniotic fluid; the amniotic sac. Amniotic acid. (Chem.) [R.] See
Allantoin.

AMOEBA
A*moe"ba, n; pl. L. Amoebæ; E. Amoebas. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rhizopod. common in fresh water, capable of undergoing many
changes of form at will. See Rhizopoda.

AMOEBAEUM
Am`oe*bæ"um, n. Etym: [L. amoebaeus, Gr. amoebaeum carmen, Gr.

Defn: A poem in which persons are represented at speaking
alternately; as the third and seventh eclogues of Virgil.

AMOEBEA
Am`oe*be"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: That division of the Rhizopoda which includes the amoeba and
similar forms.

AMOEBEAN
Am`oe*be"an, a.

Defn: Alternately answering.

AMOEBIAN
A*moe"bi*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Amoebea.

AMOEBIFORM; AMOEBOID
A*moe"bi*form, A*moe"boid, a. Etym: [Amoeba + -form or -oid.] (Biol.)

Defn: Resembling an amoeba; amoeba-shaped; changing in shape like an
amoeba. Amoeboid movement, movement produced, as in the amoeba, by
successive processes of prolongation and retraction.

AMOEBOUS
A*moe"bous, a.

Defn: Like an amoeba in structure.

AMOLE
A*mo"le, n. [Mex.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any detergent plant, or the part of it used as a detergent, as
the roots of Agave Americana, Chlorogalum pomeridianum, etc. [Sp.
Amer. & Mex.]

AMOLITION
Am`o*li"tion, n. Etym: [L. amolitio, fr. amoliri to remove; a (ab) +
moliri to put in motion.]

Defn: Removal; a putting away. [Obs.] Bp. Ward (1673).

AMOMUM
A*mo"mum, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of aromatic plants. It includes species which bear
cardamoms, and grains of paradise.

AMONESTE
A*mon"este, v. t.

Defn: To admonish. [Obs.]

AMONG; AMONGST
A*mong", A*mongst", prep. Etym: [OE. amongist, amonges, amonge,
among, AS. onmang, ongemang, gemang, in a crowd or mixture. For the
ending -st see Amidst. See Mingle.]

1. Mixed or mingled; surrounded by.
They heard, And from his presence hid themselves among The thickest
trees. Milton.

2. Conjoined, or associated with, or making part of the number of; in
the number or class of.
Blessed art thou among women. Luke i. 28.

3. Expressing a relation of dispersion, distribution, etc.; also, a
relation of reciprocal action.
What news among the merchants Shak.
Human sacrifices were practiced among them. Hume.
Divide that gold amongst you. Marlowe.
Whether they quarreled among themselves, or with their neighbors.
Addison.

Syn.
 -- Amidst; between. See Amidst, Between.

AMONTILLADO
A*mon`til*la"do, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A dry kind of cherry, of a light color. Simmonds.

AMORET
Am"o*ret, n. Etym: [OF. amorette, F. amourette, dim. of amour.]

1. An amorous girl or woman; a wanton. [Obs.] J. Warton.

2. A love knot, love token, or love song. (pl.) Love glances or love
tricks. [Obs.]

3. A petty love affair or amour. [Obs.]

AMORETTE
Am"o*rette", n.

Defn: An amoret. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

AMORIST
Am"o*rist, n. Etym: [L. armor love. See Amorous.]

Defn: A lover; a gallant. [R.] Milton.
It was the custom for an amorist to impress the name of his mistress
in the dust, or upon the damp earth, with letters fixed upon his
shoe. Southey.

A-MORNINGS
A-morn"ings, adv. Etym: [See Amorwe. The -s is a genitival ending.
See -wards.]

Defn: In the morning; every morning. [Obs.]
And have such pleasant walks into the woods A-mornings. J. Fletcher.

AMOROSA
Am`o*ro"sa, n. Etym: [It. amoroso, fem. amorosa.]

Defn: A wanton woman; a courtesan. Sir T. Herbert.

AMOROSITY
Am`o*ros"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being amorous; lovingness. [R.] Galt.

AMOROSO
Am`o*ro"so, n. Etym: [It. amoroso, LL. amorosus.]

Defn: A lover; a man enamored.

AMOROSO
Am`o*ro"so, adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: In a soft, tender, amatory style.

AMOROUS
Am"o*rous, a. Etym: [OF. amoros, F. amoreux, LL. amorosus, fr. L.
amor love, fr. amare to love.]

1. Inclined to love; having a propensity to love, or to sexual
enjoyment; loving; fond; affectionate; as, an amorous disposition.

2. Affected with love; in love; enamored; -- usually with of;
formerly with on.
Thy roses amorous of the moon. Keats.
High nature amorous of the good. Tennyson.
Sure my brother is amorous on Hero. Shak.

3. Of or relating to, or produced by, love. "Amorous delight."
Milton. "Amorous airs." Waller.

Syn.
 -- Loving; fond; tender; passionate; affectionate; devoted; ardent.

AMOROUSLY
Am"o*rous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an amorous manner; fondly.

AMOROUSNESS
Am"o*rous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being amorous, or inclined to sexual love;
lovingness.

AMORPHA
A*mor"pha, n.; pl. Amorphas. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous shrubs, having long clusters of purple
flowers; false or bastard indigo. Longfellow.

AMORPHISM
A*mor"phism, n. Etym: [See Amorphous.]

Defn: A state of being amorphous; esp. a state of being without
crystallization even in the minutest particles, as in glass, opal,
etc.

Note: There are stony substances which, when fused, may cool as glass
or as stone; the glass state is spoken of as a state of amorphism.

AMORPHOUS
A*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Having no determinate form; of irregular; shapeless. Kirwan.

2. Without crystallization in the ultimate texture of a solid
substance; uncrystallized.

3. Of no particular kind or character; anomalous.
Scientific treatises . . . are not seldom rude and amorphous in
style. Hare.
-- A*mor"phous*ly, adv.
 -- A*mor"phous*ness, n.

AMORPHOZOA
A*mor`pho*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Animals without a mouth or regular internal organs, as the
sponges.

AMORPHOZOIC
A*mor`pho*zo"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Amorphozoa.

AMORPHY
A*mor"phy, n. Etym: [Gr. amorphie. See Amorphous.]

Defn: Shapelessness. [Obs.] Swift.

AMORT
A*mort", a. Etym: [Pref. a- + F. mort death, dead; all amort is for
alamort.]

Defn: As if dead; lifeless; spiritless; dejected; depressed. Shak.

AMORTISE; AMORTISATION; AMORTISABLE; AMORTISEMENT
A*mor"tise, v., A*mor`ti*sa"tion, n., A*mor"tis*a*ble, a.,
A*mor"tise*ment, n.

Defn: Same as Amortize, Amortization, etc.

AMORTIZABLE
A*mor"tiz*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. amortissable.]

Defn: Capable of being cleared off, as a debt.

AMORTIZATION
A*mor`ti*za"tion, n. Etym: [LL. amortisatio, admortizatio. See
Amortize, and cf. Admortization.]

1. (Law)

Defn: The act or right of alienating lands to a corporation, which
was considered formerly as transferring them to dead hands, or in
mortmain.

2. The extinction of a debt, usually by means of a sinking fund;
also, the money thus paid. Simmonds.

AMORTIZE
A*mor"tize, v. t. Etym: [OE. amortisen, LL. amortisare, admortizare,
F. amortir to sell in mortmain, to extinguish; L. ad + mors death.
See Mortmain].

1. To make as if dead; to destroy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. (Law)

Defn: To alienate in mortmain, that is, to convey to a corporation.
See Mortmain.

3. To clear off or extinguish, as a debt, usually by means of a
sinking fund.

AMORTIZEMENT
A*mor"tize*ment, n. Etym: [F. amortissement.]

Defn: Same as Amortization.

AMORWE
A*mor"we, adv. Etym: [Pref. a- on + OE. morwe. See Morrow.]

1. In the morning. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. On the following morning. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AMOTION
A*mo"tion, n. Etym: [L. amotio. See Amove.]

1. Removal; ousting; especially, the removal of a corporate officer
from his office.

2. Deprivation of possession.

AMOTUS
A*mo"tus, a. Etym: [L., withdrawn (from it (Zoöl.)

Defn: Elevated, -- as a toe, when raised so high that the tip does
not touch the ground.

AMOUNT
A*mount", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Amounted; p. pr. & vb. n. Amounting.]
Etym: [OF. amonter to increase, advance, ascend, fr. amont (equiv. to
L. ad montem to the mountain) upward, F. amont up the river. See
Mount, n.]

1. To go up; to ascend. [Obs.]
So up he rose, and thence amounted straight. Spenser.

2. To rise or reach by an accumulation of particular sums or
quantities; to come (to) in the aggregate or whole; -- with to or
unto.

3. To rise, reach, or extend in effect, substance, or influence; to
be equivalent; to come practically (to); as, the testimony amounts to
very little.

AMOUNT
A*mount", v. t.

Defn: To signify; to amount to. [Obs.]

AMOUNT
A*mount", n.

1. The sum total of two or more sums or quantities; the aggregate;
the whole quantity; a totality; as, the amount of 7 and 9 is 16; the
amount of a bill; the amount of this year's revenue.

2. The effect, substance, value, significance, or result; the sum;
as, the amount of the testimony is this.
The whole amount of that enormous fame. Pope.

AMOUR
A*mour", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. amor love.]

1. Love; affection. [Obs.]

2. Love making; a love affair; usually, an unlawful connection in
love; a love intrigue; an illicit love affair. In amours with, in
love with. [Obs.]

AMOUR PROPRE
A"mour` pro"pre. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Self-love; self-esteem.

AMOVABILITY
A*mov`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Liability to be removed or dismissed from office. [R.] T.
Jefferson.

AMOVABLE
A*mov"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. amovible.]

Defn: Removable.

AMOVE
A*move", v. t. Etym: [L. amovere; a- (ab) + movere to move: cf. OF.
amover.]

1. To remove, as a person or thing, from a position. [Obs.] Dr. H.
More.

2. (Law)

Defn: To dismiss from an office or station.

AMOVE
A*move", v. t. & i. Etym: [OE. amovir, L. admovere to move to, to
excite; ad + movere.]

Defn: To move or be moved; to excite. [Obs.] Spenser.

AMPELITE
Am"pe*lite, n. Etym: [L. ampelitis, Gr. (Min.)

Defn: An earth abounding in pyrites, used by the ancients to kill
insects, etc., on vines; -- applied by Brongniart to a carbonaceous
alum schist.

AMPELOPSIS
Am`pe*lop"sis (am`pe*lop"sis), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'a`mpelos vine +
'o`psis appearance.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus formerly including the Virginia creeper.

AMPERAGE
Am*per"age, n. (Elec.)

Defn: The strength of a current of electricity carried by a conductor
or generated by a machine, measured in ampères.

AMPERE; AMPERE
Am`père", Am*pere", n. Etym: [From the name of a French electrician.]
(Elec.)

Defn: The unit of electric current; -- defined by the International
Electrical Congress in 1893 and by U. S. Statute as, one tenth of the
unit of current of the C. G. S. system of electro-magnetic units, or
the practical equivalent of the unvarying current which, when passed
through a standard solution of nitrate of silver in water, deposits
silver at the rate of 0.001118 grams per second. Called also the
international ampère.

AMPERE FOOT
Am`père" foot. (Elec.)

Defn: A unit, employed in calculating fall of pressure in
distributing mains, equivalent to a current of one ampère flowing
through one foot of conductor.

AMPERE HOUR; AMPERE MINUTE; AMPERE SECOND
Ampère hour. (Elec.)

Defn: The quantity of electricity delivered in one hour by a current
whose average strength is one ampère. It is used as a unit of
quantity, and is equal to 3600 coulombs. The terms Ampère minute and
Ampère second are sometimes similarly used.

AMPEREMETER; AMPEROMETER
Am`père"me`ter, Am`pe*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Ampère + meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the strength of an electrical
current in ampères.

AMPERE TURN
Ampère turn. (Elec.)

Defn: A unit equal to the product of one complete convolution (of a
coiled conductor) into one ampère of current; thus, a conductor
having five convolutions and carrying a current of half an ampère is
said to have 2½ ampère turns. The magnetizing effect of a coil is
proportional to the number of its ampère turns.

AMPERSAND
Am"per*sand, n. Etym: [A corruption of and, per se and, i. e., & by
itself makes and.]

Defn: A word used to describe the character Halliwell.

AMPHI-
Am*phi-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A prefix in words of Greek origin, signifying both, of both
kinds, on both sides, about, around.

AMPHIARTHRODIAL
Am`phi*ar*thro"di*al, a. Etym: [Pref. amphi- + arthrodial.]

Defn: Characterized by amphiarthrosis.

AMPHIARTHROSIS
Am`phi*ar*thro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A form of articulation in which the bones are connected by
intervening substance admitting slight motion; symphysis.

AMPHIASTER
Am"phi*as`ter, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The achromatic figure, formed in mitotic cell-division,
consisting of two asters connected by a spindle-shaped bundle of
rodlike fibers diverging from each aster, and called the spindle.

AMPHIBIA
Am*phib"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [See Amphibium.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the classes of vertebrates.

Note: The Amphibia are distinguished by having usually no scales, by
having eggs and embryos similar to those of fishes, and by undergoing
a complete metamorphosis, the young having gills. There are three
living orders: (1) The tailless, as the frogs (Anura); (2) The tailed
(Urodela), as the salamanders, and the siren group (Sirenoidea),
which retain the gills of the young state (hence called
Perennibranchiata) through the adult state, among which are the
siren, proteus, etc.; (3) The Coecilians, or serpentlike Amphibia
(Ophiomorpha or Gymnophiona), with minute scales and without limbs.
The extinct Labyrinthodonts also belonged to this class. The term is
sometimes loosely applied to both reptiles and amphibians
collectively.

AMPHIBIAL
Am*phib"i*al (-al), a. & n.

Defn: Amphibian. [R.]

AMPHIBIAN
Am*phib"i*an (-an), a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Amphibia; as, amphibian reptiles.

AMPHIBIAN
Am*phib"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Amphibia.

AMPHIBIOLOGICAL
Am*phib`i*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to amphibiology.

AMPHIBIOLOGY
Am*phib`i*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. amphibiologie.]

Defn: A treatise on amphibious animals; the department of natural
history which treats of the Amphibia.

AMPHIBIOTICA
Am*phib`i*ot"i*ca, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of insects having aquatic larvæ.

AMPHIBIOUS
Am*phib"i*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. i. e., both on land in water;

1. Having the ability to live both on land and in water, as frogs,
crocodiles, beavers, and some plants.

2. Pertaining to, adapted for, or connected with, both land and
water.
The amphibious character of the Greeks was already determined: they
were to be lords of land and sea. Hare.

3. Of a mixed nature; partaking of two natures.
Not in free and common socage, but in this amphibious subordinate
class of villein socage. Blackstone.

AMPHIBIOUSLY
Am*phib"i*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Like an amphibious being.

AMPHIBIUM
Am*phib"i*um, n.; pl. L. Amphibia; E. Amphibiums. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
Amphibious.]

Defn: An amphibian.

AMPHIBLASTIC
Am`phi*blas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Segmenting unequally; -- said of telolecithal ova with complete
segmentation.

AMPHIBOLE
Am"phi*bole, n. Etym: [Gr. amphibole. Haüy so named the genus from
the great variety of color and composition assumed by the mineral.]
(Min.)

Defn: A common mineral embracing many varieties varying in color and
in composition. It occurs in monoclinic crystals; also massive,
generally with fibrous or columnar structure. The color varies from
white to gray, green, brown, and black. It is a silicate of magnesium
and calcium, with usually aluminium and iron. Some common varieties
are tremolite, actinolite, asbestus, edenite, hornblende (the last
name being also used as a general term for the whole species).
Amphibole is a constituent of many crystalline rocks, as syenite,
diorite, most varieties of trachyte, etc. See Hornblende.

AMPHIBOLIC
Am`phi*bol"ic, a.

1. Of or pertaining to amphiboly; ambiguous; equivocal.

2. Of or resembling the mineral amphibole.

AMPHIBOLOGICAL
Am*phib`o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of doubtful meaning; ambiguous. "Amphibological expressions."
Jer. Taylor.
 -- Am*phib`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

AMPHIBOLOGY
Am`phi*bol"o*gy, n.; pl. Amphibologies. Etym: [L. amphibologia, for
amphibolia, fr. Gr. logia as if fr. Gr. amphibologie. See Amphiboly.]

Defn: A phrase, discourse, or proposition, susceptible of two
interpretations; and hence, of uncertain meaning. It differs from
equivocation, which arises from the twofold sense of a single term.

AMPHIBOLOUS
Am*phib"o*lous, a. Etym: [L. amphibolus, Gr. Amphibole.]

1. Ambiguous; doubtful. [Obs.]
Never was there such an amphibolous quarrel -- both parties declaring
themselves for the king. Howell.

2. (Logic)

Defn: Capable of two meanings.
An amphibolous sentence is one that is capable of two meanings, not
from the double sense of any of the words, but from its admitting of
a double construction; e. g., "The duke yet lives that Henry shall
depose." Whately.

AMPHIBOLY
Am*phib"o*ly, n.; pl. Amphibolies. Etym: [L. amphibolia, Gr.
amphibolie. See Amphibolous.]

Defn: Ambiguous discourse; amphibology.
If it oracle contrary to our interest or humor, we will create an
amphiboly, a double meaning where there is none. Whitlock.

AMPHIBRACH
Am"phi*brach, n. Etym: [L. (Anc. Pros.)

Defn: A foot of three syllables, the middle one long, the first and
last short (as, h. In modern prosody the accented syllable takes the
place of the long and the unaccented of the short; as, pro-phet''ic.

AMPHICARPIC; AMPHICARPOUS
Am`phi*car"pic, Am`phi*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Producing fruit of two kinds, either as to form or time of
ripening.

AMPHICHROIC
Am`phi*chro"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Exhibiting or producing two colors, as substances which in the
color test may change red litmus to blue and blue litmus to red.

AMPHICOELIAN; AMPHICOELOUS
Am`phi*coe"li*an, Am`phi*coe"lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having both ends concave; biconcave; -- said of vertebræ.

AMPHICOME
Am"phi*come, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A kind of figured stone, rugged and beset with eminences,
anciently used in divination. [Obs.] Encyc. Brit.

AMPHICTYONIC
Am*phic`ty*on"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Amphictyons or their League or Council;
as, an Amphictyonic town or state; the Amphictyonic body. W. Smith.

AMPHICTYONS
Am*phic"ty*ons, n. pl. Etym: [L. Amphictyones, Gr. (Grecian Hist.)

Defn: Deputies from the confederated states of ancient Greece to a
congress or council. They considered both political and religious
matters.

AMPHICTYONY
Am*phic"ty*o*ny, n.; pl. Amphictyonies. Etym: [Gr. (Grecian Hist.)

Defn: A league of states of ancient Greece; esp. the celebrated
confederation known as the Amphictyonic Council. Its object was to
maintain the common interests of Greece.

AMPHID
Am"phid, n. Etym: [Gr. amphide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of the class formed by the combination of an acid and a
base, or by the union of two oxides, two sulphides, selenides, or
tellurides, as distinguished from a haloid compound. [R.] Berzelius.

AMPHIDISC
Am"phi*disc, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar small siliceous spicule having a denticulated wheel
at each end; -- found in freshwater sponges.

AMPHIDROMICAL
Am`phi*drom"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to an Attic festival at the naming of a child; -- so
called because the friends of the parents carried the child around
the hearth and then named it.

AMPHIGAMOUS
Am*phig"a*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a structure entirely cellular, and no distinct sexual
organs; -- a term applied by De Candolle to the lowest order of
plants.

AMPHIGEAN
Am`phi*ge"an, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Extending over all the zones, from the tropics to the polar
zones inclusive.

AMPHIGEN
Am"phi*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen: cf. F. amphigène.] (Chem.)

Defn: An element that in combination produces amphid salt; -- applied
by Berzelius to oxygen, sulphur, selenium, and tellurium. [R.]

AMPHIGENE
Am"phi*gene, n. (Min.)

Defn: Leucite.

AMPHIGENESIS
Am`phi*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Sexual generation; amphigony.

AMPHIGENOUS
Am*phig"e*nous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Increasing in size by growth on all sides, as the lichens.

AMPHIGONIC
Am`phi*gon"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to amphigony; sexual; as, amphigonic propagation.
[R.]

AMPHIGONOUS
Am*phig"o*nous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Relating to both parents. [R.]

AMPHIGONY
Am*phig"o*ny, n.

Defn: Sexual propagation. [R.]

AMPHIGORIC
Am`phi*gor"ic, a. Etym: [See Amphigory.]

Defn: Nonsensical; absurd; pertaining to an amphigory.

AMPHIGORY
Am"phi*go*ry, n. Etym: [F. amphigouri, of uncertain derivation; perh.
fr. Gr.

Defn: A nonsense verse; a rigmarole, with apparent meaning, which on
further attention proves to be meaningless. [Written also
amphigouri.]

AMPHILOGISM; AMPHILOGY
Am*phil"o*gism, Am*phil"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: Ambiguity of speech; equivocation. [R.]

AMPHIMACER
Am*phim"a*cer, n. Etym: [L. amphimacru, Gr. (Anc. Pros.)

Defn: A foot of three syllables, the middle one short and the others
long, as in cast. Andrews.

AMPHINEURA
Am`phi*neu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Mollusca remarkable for the bilateral symmetry of
the organs and the arrangement of the nerves.

AMPHIOXUS
Am`phi*ox"us, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fishlike creature (Amphioxus lanceolatus), two or three
inches long, found in temperature seas; -- also called the lancelet.
Its body is pointed at both ends. It is the lowest and most
generalized of the vertebrates, having neither brain, skull,
vertebræ, nor red blood. It forms the type of the group Acrania,
Leptocardia, etc.

AMPHIPNEUST
Am*phip"neust, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of Amphibia, which have both lungs and gills at
the same time, as the proteus and siren.

AMPHIPOD
Am"phi*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Amphipoda.

AMPHIPOD; AMPHIPODAN
Am"phi*pod, Am*phip"o*dan, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Amphipoda.

AMPHIPODA
Am*phip"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., FR. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A numerous group of fourteen -- footed Crustacea, inhabiting
both fresh and salt water. The body is usually compressed laterally,
and the anterior pairs or legs are directed downward and forward, but
the posterior legs are usually turned upward and backward. The beach
flea is an example. See Tetradecapoda and Arthrostraca.

AMPHIPODOUS
Am*phip"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Amphipoda.

AMPHIPROSTYLE
Am*phip"ro*style, a. Etym: [L. amphiprostylos, Gr. amphiprostyle. See
Prostyle.] (Arch.)

Defn: Doubly prostyle; having columns at each end, but not at the
sides.
 -- n.

Defn: An amphiprostyle temple or edifice.

AMPHIRHINA
Am`phi*rhi"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name applied to the elasmobranch fishes, because the nasal
sac is double.

AMPHISBAENA
Am`phis*bæ"na, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. A fabled serpent with a head at each end, moving either way.
Milton.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of harmless lizards, serpentlike in form, without legs,
and with both ends so much alike that they appear to have a head at
each, and ability to move either way. See Illustration in Appendix.

Note: The Gordius aquaticus, or hairworm, has been called an
amphisbæna; but it belongs among the worms.

AMPHISBAENOID
Am`phis*bæ"noid, a. Etym: [NL., fr. L. amphisbaena + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the lizards of the genus Amphisbæna.

AMPHISCII; AMPHISCIANS
Am*phis"ci*i, Am*phis"cians, n. pl. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The inhabitants of the tropic, whose shadows in one part of the
year are cast to the north, and in the other to the south, according
as the sun is south or north of their zenith.

AMPHISTOMOUS
Am*phis"to*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a sucker at each extremity, as certain entozoa, by means
of which they adhere.

AMPHISTYLIC
Am`phi*sty"lic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the mandibular arch articulated with the hyoid arch and
the cranium, as in the cestraciont sharks; -- said of a skull.

AMPHITHEATER; AMPHITHEATRE
Am`phi*the"a*ter, Am`phi*the"a*tre,, n. Etym: [L. amphitheatrum, fr.
Gr. amphithé\'83tre. See Theater.]

1. An oval or circular building with rising tiers of seats about an
open space called the arena.

Note: The Romans first constructed amphitheaters for combats of
gladiators and wild beasts.

2. Anything resembling an amphitheater in form; as, a level
surrounded by rising slopes or hills, or a rising gallery in a
theater.

AMPHITHEATRAL
Am`phi*the"a*tral, a. Etym: [L. amphitheatralis: cf. F.
amphithé\'83tral.]

Defn: Amphitheatrical; resembling an amphitheater.

AMPHITHEATRIC; AMPHITHEATRICAL
Am`phi*the*at"ric, Am`phi*the*at"ric*al, a. Etym: [L.
amphitheatricus.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, exhibited in, or resembling, an
amphitheater.

AMPHITHEATRICALLY
Am`phi*the*at"ric*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the form or manner of an amphitheater.

AMPHITROCHA
Am*phit"ro*cha, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of annelid larva having both a dorsal and a ventral
circle of special cilia.

AMPHITROPAL; AMPHITROPOUS
Am*phit"ro*pal, Am*phit"ro*pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the ovule inverted, but with the attachment near the
middle of one side; half anatropous.

AMPHIUMA
Am`phi*u"ma, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of amphibians, inhabiting the Southern United States,
having a serpentlike form, but with four minute limbs and two
persistent gill openings; the Congo snake.

AMPHOPEPTONE
Am`pho*pep"tone, n. Etym: [Gr. peptone.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A product of gastric digestion, a mixture of hemipeptone and
antipeptone.

AMPHORA
Am"pho*ra, n.; pl. Amophoræ. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Ampul.]

Defn: Among the ancients, a two-handled vessel, tapering at the
bottom, used for holding wine, oil, etc.

AMPHORAL
Am"pho*ral, a. Etym: [L. amphoralis.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, an amphora.

AMPHORIC
Am*phor"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Produced by, or indicating, a cavity in the lungs, not filled,
and giving a sound like that produced by blowing into an empty
decanter; as, amphoric respiration or resonance.

AMPHOTERIC
Am`pho*ter"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Partly one and partly the other; neither acid nor alkaline;
neutral. [R.] Smart.

AMPLE
Am"ple, a. Etym: [F. ample, L. amplus, prob. for ambiplus full on
both sides, the last syllable akin to L. plenus full. See Full, and
cf. Double.]

Defn: Large; great in size, extent, capacity, or bulk; spacious;
roomy; widely extended.
All the people in that ample house Did to that image bow their humble
knees. Spenser.

2. Fully sufficient; abundant; liberal; copious; as, an ample
fortune; ample justice.

3. Not contracted of brief; not concise; extended; diffusive; as, an
ample narrative. Johnson.

Syn.
 -- Full; spacious; extensive; wide; capacious; abundant; plentiful;
plenteous; copious; bountiful; rich; liberal; munificent.
 -- Ample, Copious, Abundant, Plenteous. These words agree in
representing a thing as large, but under different relations,
according to the image which is used. Ample implies largeness,
producing a sufficiency or fullness of supply for every want; as,
ample stores or resources, ample provision. Copious carries with it
the idea of flow, or of collection at a single point; as, a copious
supply of materials. "Copious matter of my song." Milton. Abundant
and plenteous refer to largeness of quantity; as, abundant stores;
plenteous harvests.

AMPLECTANT
Am*plec"tant, a. Etym: [L. amplecti to embrace.] (Bot.)

Defn: Clasping a support; as, amplectant tendrils. Gray.

AMPLENESS
Am"ple*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being ample; largeness; fullness;
completeness.

AMPLEXATION
Am`plex*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. amplexari to embrace.]

Defn: An embrace. [Obs.]
An humble amplexation of those sacred feet. Bp. Hall.

AMPLEXICAUL
Am*plex"i*caul, a. Etym: [L. amplexus, p. p. of amplecti to encircle,
to embrace + caulis stem: cf. F. amplexicaule.] (Bot.)

Defn: Clasping or embracing a stem, as the base of some leaves. Gray.

AMPLIATE
Am"pli*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. ampliatus, p. p. of ampliare to make
wider, fr. amplus. See Ample.]

Defn: To enlarge. [R.]
To maintain and ampliate the external possessions of your empire.
Udall.

AMPLIATE
Am"pli*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the outer edge prominent; said of the wings of insects.

AMPLIATION
Am`pli*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. ampliatio: cf. F. ampliation.]

1. Enlargement; amplification. [R.]

2. (Civil Law)

Defn: A postponement of the decision of a cause, for further
consideration or re-argument.

AMPLIATIVE
Am"pli*a*tive, a. (Logic)

Defn: Enlarging a conception by adding to that which is already known
or received.
"All bodies possess power of attraction" is an ampliative judgment;
because we can think of bodies without thinking of attraction as one
of their immediate primary attribute. Abp. W. Thomson.

AMPLIFICATE
Am*plif"i*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. amplificatus, p. p. of amplificare.]

Defn: To amplify. [Obs.] Bailey.

AMPLIFICATION
Am`pli*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. amplificatio.]

1. The act of amplifying or enlarging in dimensions; enlargement;
extension.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: The enlarging of a simple statement by particularity of
description, the use of epithets, etc., for rhetorical effect;
diffuse narrative or description, or a dilating upon all the
particulars of a subject.
Exaggeration is a species of amplification. Brande & C.
I shall summarily, without any amplification at all, show in what
manner defects have been supplied. Sir J. Davies.

3. The matter by which a statement is amplified; as, the subject was
presented without amplifications.

AMPLIFICATIVE
Am*plif"i*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Amplificatory.

AMPLIFICATORY
Am*plif"i*ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving to amplify or enlarge; amplificative. Morell.

AMPLIFIER
Am"pli*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who or that which amplifies.

AMPLIFY
Am"pli*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amplified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Amplifying.] Etym: [F. amplifier, L. amplificare. See Ample, -fy.]

1. To render larger, more extended, or more intense, and the like; --
used especially of telescopes, microscopes, etc.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: To enlarge by addition or discussion; to treat copiously by
adding particulars, illustrations, etc.; to expand; to make much of.
Troilus and Cressida was written by a Lombard author, but much
amplified by our English translator. Dryden.

AMPLIFY
Am"pli*fy, v. i.

1. To become larger. [Obs.]
Strait was the way at first, withouten light, But further in did
further amplify. Fairfax.

2. To speak largely or copiously; to be diffuse in argument or
description; to dilate; to expatiate; -- often with on or upon.
Watts.
He must often enlarge and amplify upon the subject he handles. South.

AMPLITUDE
Am"pli*tude, n. Etym: [L. amplitudo, fr. amplus: cf. F. amplitude.
See Ample.]

1. State of being ample; extent of surface or space; largeness of
dimensions; size.
The cathedral of Lincoln . . . is a magnificent structure,
proportionable to the amplitude of the diocese. Fuller.

2. Largeness, in a figurative sense; breadth; abundance; fullness.
(a) Of extent of capacity or intellectual powers. "Amplitude of
mind." Milton. "Amplitude of comprehension." Macaulay.
(b) Of extent of means or resources. "Amplitude of reward." Bacon.

3. (Astron.)
(a) The arc of the horizon between the true east or west point and
the center of the sun, or a star, at its rising or setting. At the
rising, the amplitude is eastern or ortive: at the setting, it is
western, occiduous, or occasive. It is also northern or southern,
when north or south of the equator.
(b) The arc of the horizon between the true east or west point and
the foot of the vertical circle passing through any star or object.

4. (Gun.)

Defn: The horizontal line which measures the distance to which a
projectile is thrown; the range.

5. (Physics)

Defn: The extent of a movement measured from the starting point or
position of equilibrium; -- applied especially to vibratory
movements.

6. (math.)

Defn: An angle upon which the value of some function depends; -- a
term used more especially in connection with elliptic functions.
Magnetic amplitude, the angular distance of a heavenly body, when on
the horizon, from the magnetic east or west point as indicated by the
compass. The difference between the magnetic and the true or
astronomical amplitude (see 3 above) is the "variation of the
compass."

AMPLY
Am"ply, adv.

Defn: In an ample manner.

AMPUL
Am"pul, n. Etym: [AS. ampella, ampolla, L. ampulla: cf. OF. ampolle,
F. ampoule.]

Defn: Same as Ampulla, 2.

AMPULLA
Am*pul"la, n.; pl. Ampullæ. Etym: [L. ]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A narrow-necked vessel having two handles and bellying out like
a jug.

2. (Eccl.)
(a) A cruet for the wine and water at Mass.
(b) The vase in which the holy oil for chrism, unction, or coronation
is kept. Shipley.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: Any membranous bag shaped like a leathern bottle, as the
dilated end of a vessel or duct; especially the dilations of the
semicircular canals of the ear.

AMPULLACEOUS
Am`pul*la"ceous, a. Etym: [L. ampullaceus, fr. ampulla.]

Defn: Like a bottle or inflated bladder; bottle-shaped; swelling.
Kirby. Ampullaceous sac (Zoöl.), one of the peculiar cavities in the
tissues of sponges, containing the zooidal cells.

AMPULLAR; AMPULLARY
Am"pul*lar, Am`pul*la*ry, a.

Defn: Resembling an ampulla.

AMPULLATE; AMPULLATED
Am"pul*late, Am"pul*la`ted a.

Defn: Having an ampulla; flask-shaped; bellied.

AMPULLIFORM
Am*pul"li*form, a. Etym: [Ampulla + -form.]

Defn: Flask-shaped; dilated.

AMPUTATE
Am"pu*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amputated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Amputating.] Etym: [L. amputatus, p. p. of amputare: amb- + putare to
prune, putus clean, akin to E. pure. See Putative.]

1. To prune or lop off, as branches or tendrils.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: To cut off (a limb or projecting part (of the body). Wiseman.

AMPUTATION
Am`pu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. amputatio: cf. F. amputation.]

Defn: The act amputating; esp. the operation of cutting of a limb or
projecting part of the body.

AMPUTATOR
Am"pu*ta"tor, n.

Defn: One who amputates.

AMPYX
Am"pyx, n. Etym: [Gr. (Greek Antiq.)

Defn: A woman's headband (sometimes of metal), for binding the front
hair.

AMRITA
Am*ri"ta, n. Etym: [Skr. amrita.] (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: Immorality; also, the nectar conferring immortality.
 -- a. Ambrosial; immortal.

AMSEL; AMZEL
Am"sel, Am"zel, n. Etym: [Ger. See Ousel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European ring ousel (Turdus torquatus).

AMT
Amt, n.; pl. Amter (#), E. Amts (#). [Dan. & Norw., fr. G.]

Defn: An administrative territorial division in Denmark and Norway.

Each of the provinces [of Denmark] is divided into several amts,
answering . . . to the English hundreds.
Encyc. Brit.

AMUCK
A*muck", a. & adv. Etym: [Malay amoq furious.]

Defn: In a frenzied and reckless. To run amuck, to rush out in a
state of frenzy, as the Malays sometimes do under the influence of
"bhang," and attack every one that comes in the way; to assail
recklessly and indiscriminately.
Satire's my weapon, but I'm too discreet To run amuck, and tilt at
all I meet. Pope.

AMULET
Am"u*let, n. Etym: [L. amuletum: cf. F. amulette.]

Defn: An ornament, gem, or scroll, or a package containing a relic,
etc., worn as a charm or preservative against evils or mischief, such
as diseases and witchcraft, and generally inscribed with mystic forms
or characters.

Note: [Also used figuratively.]

AMULETIC
Am`u*let"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an amulet; operating as a charm.

AMURCOUS
A*mur"cous, a. Etym: [LL. amurcous, L. amurca the dregs of olives,
Gr.

Defn: Full off dregs; foul. [R.] Knowles.

AMUSABLE
A*mus"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. amusable.]

Defn: Capable of being amused.

AMUSE
A*muse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amused; p. pr. & vb. n. Amusing.] Etym:
[F. amuser to make stay, to detain, to amuse, ad) + OF. muser. See
Muse, v.]

1. To occupy or engage the attention of; to lose in deep thought; to
absorb; also, to distract; to bewilder. [Obs.]
Camillus set upon the Gauls when they were amused in receiving their
gold. Holland.
Being amused with grief, fear, and fright, he could not find the
house. Fuller.

2. To entertain or occupy in a pleasant manner; to stir with pleasing
or mirthful emotions; to divert.
A group children amusing themselves with pushing stones from the top
[of the cliff], and watching as they plunged into the lake. Gilpin.

3. To keep in extraction; to beguile; to delude.
He amused his followers with idle promises. Johnson.

Syn.
 -- To entertain; gratify; please; divert; beguile; deceive; occupy.
 -- To Amuse, Divert, Entertain. We are amused by that which occupies
us lightly and pleasantly. We are entertained by that which brings
our minds into agreeable contact with others, as conversation, or a
book. We are diverted by that which turns off our thoughts to
something of livelier interest, especially of a sportive nature, as a
humorous story, or a laughable incident.
Whatever amuses serves to kill time, to lull the faculties, and to
banish reflection. Whatever entertains usually a wakens the
understanding or gratifies the fancy. Whatever diverts is lively in
its nature, and sometimes tumultuous in its effects. Crabb.

AMUSE
A*muse", v. i.

Defn: To muse; to mediate. [Obs.]

AMUSED
A*mused", a.

1. Diverted.

2. Expressing amusement; as, an amused look.

AMUSEMENT
A*muse"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. amusement.]

1. Deep thought; muse. [Obs.]
Here I . . . fell into a strong and deep amusement, revolving in my
mind, with great perplexity, the amazing change of our affairs.
Fleetwood.

2. The state of being amused; pleasurable excitement; that which
amuses; diversion.
His favorite amusements were architecture and gardening. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Diversion; entertainment; recreation; relaxation; pastime; sport.

AMUSER
A*mus"er, n.

Defn: One who amuses.

AMUSETTE
Am`u*sette", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A light field cannon, or stocked gun mounted on a swivel.

AMUSING
A*mus"ing, a.

Defn: Giving amusement; diverting; as, an amusing story.
 -- A*mus"ing*ly, adv.

AMUSIVE
A*mu"sive, a.

Defn: Having power to amuse or entertain the mind; fitted to excite
mirth. [R.] -- A*mu"sive*ly, adv.
 -- A*mu"sive*ness, n.

AMVIS
Am"vis, n.  [Ammonium (nitrate) + L. vis strength, force.]

Defn: An explosive consisting of ammonium nitrate, a derivative of
nitrobenzene, chlorated napthalene, and wood meal.

AMY
A*my", n. Etym: [F. ami, fr. L. amicus.]

Defn: A friend. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AMYELOUS
A*my"e*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Wanting the spinal cord.

AMYGDALA
A*myg"da*la (a*mig"da*la), n.; pl. -læ (-le). [L., an almond, fr. Gr.
'amygda`lh. See Almond.]

1. An almond.

2.  (Anat.)
 (a) One of the tonsils of the pharynx.
 (b) One of the rounded prominences of the lower surface of the
lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum, each side of the vallecula.

AMYGDALACEOUS
A*myg`da*la"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Akin to, or derived from, the almond.

AMYGDALATE
A*myg"da*late, a. Etym: [L. amygdala, amygdalum, almond, Gr. Almond.]

Defn: Pertaining to, resembling, or made of, almonds.

AMYGDALATE
A*myg"da*late, n.

1. (Med.)

Defn: An emulsion made of almonds; milk of almonds. Bailey. Coxe.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt amygdalic acid.

AMYGDALIC
Am`yg*dal"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to almonds; derived from amygdalin; as,
amygdalic acid.

AMYGDALIFEROUS
A*myg`da*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. amygdalum almond + -ferous.]

Defn: Almond-bearing.

AMYGDALIN
A*myg"da*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside extracted from bitter almonds as a white,
crystalline substance.

AMYGDALINE
A*myg"da*line, a. Etym: [L. amygdalinus.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, almonds.

AMYGDALOID
A*myg"da*loid, n. Etym: [Gr. -oid: cf. F. amygdaloïde.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of trap or basaltic rock, containing small cavities,
occupied, wholly or in part, by nodules or geodes of different
minerals, esp. agates, quartz, calcite, and the zeolites. When the
imbedded minerals are detached or removed by decomposition, it is
porous, like lava.

AMYGDALOID; AMYGDALOIDAL
A*myg"da*loid, A*myg`da*loid"al, a.

1. Almond-shaped.

2. Pertaining to, or having the nature of, the rock amygdaloid.

AMYL
Am"yl, n. Etym: [L. amylum starch + -yl. Cf. Amidin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon radical, C5H11, of the paraffine series found in
amyl alcohol or fusel oil, etc.

AMYLACEOUS
Am`y*la"ceous, a. Etym: [L. amylum starch, Gr. Amidin.]

Defn: Pertaining to starch; of the nature of starch; starchy.

AMYL ALCOHOL
Am"yl al"co*hol. (Org. Chem.)

Defn: Any of eight isomeric liquid compounds, C5H11OH; ordinarily, a
mixture of two of these forming a colorless liquid with a peculiar
cough-exciting odor and burning taste, the chief constituent of fusel
oil. It is used as a source of amyl compounds, such as amyl acetate,
amyl nitrite, etc.

AMYLATE
Am"y*late, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of the radical amyl with oxygen and a positive atom
or radical.

AMYLENE
Am"y*lene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a group of metameric hydrocarbons, C5H10, of the
ethylene series. The colorless, volatile, mobile liquid commonly
called amylene is a mixture of different members of the group.

AMYLIC
A*myl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, amyl; as, amylic ether. Amylic
alcohol (Chem.), one of the series of alcohols, a transparent,
colorless liquid, having a peculiar odor. It is the hydroxide of
amyl.
 -- Amylic fermentation (Chem.), a process of fermentation in starch
or sugar in which amylic alcohol is produced. Gregory.

AMYL NITRITE
Amyl nitrite.

Defn: A yellowish oily volatile liquid, C5H11NO2, used in medicine as
a heart stimulant and a vasodilator. The inhalation of its vapor
instantly produces flushing of the face.

AMYLOBACTER
Am`y*lo*bac"ter, n. Etym: [L. amylum starch + NL. bacterium. See
Bacterium.] (Biol.)

Defn: A microörganism (Bacillus amylobacter) which develops in
vegetable tissue during putrefaction. Sternberg.

AMYLOGEN
A*myl"o*gen, n.  [Amylum + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: That part of the starch granule or granulose which is soluble
in water.

AMYLOGENESIS
Am`y*lo*gen"e*sis, n. [Amylum + genesis.]

Defn: The formation of starch.

AMYLOGENIC
Am`y*lo*gen"ic, a.

1. Of or pert. to amylogen.

2.  Forming starch; -- applied specif. to leucoplasts.

AMYLOID
Am"y*loid, n.

1. A non-nitrogenous starchy food; a starchlike substance.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The substance deposited in the organs in amyloid degeneration.

AMYLOID; AMYLOIDAL
Am"y*loid, Am`y*loid"al, a. Etym: [L. amylum starch + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling or containing amyl; starchlike. Amyloid degeneration
(Med.), a diseased condition of various organs of the body, produced
by the deposit of an albuminous substance, giving a blue color with
iodine and sulphuric acid; -- called also waxy or lardaceous
degeneration.

AMYLOLYSIS
Am`y*lol"y*sis, n.  [Amylum + Gr.  a loosing.] (Chem.)

Defn: The conversion of starch into soluble products, as dextrins and
sugar, esp. by the action of enzymes. -- Am`y*lo*lyt"ic (#), a.

AMYLOLYTIC
Am`y*lo*ly"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Effecting the conversion of starch into soluble dextrin and
sugar; as, an amylolytic ferment. Foster.

AMYLOMETER
Am`y*lom"e*ter, n.  [Amylum + -meter.]

Defn: Instrument for determining the amount of starch in a substance.

AMYLOPLASTIC
Am`y*lo*plas"tic, a.  [Amylum + -plastic.]

Defn: Starch-forming; amylogenic.

AMYLOPSIN
Am`y*lop"sin, n.  [Amylum + Gr.  appearance.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The diastase of the pancreatic juice.

AMYLOSE
Am`y*lose", n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of the starch group (C6H10O5)n of the carbohydrates; as,
starch, arabin, dextrin, cellulose, etc.

AMYOUS
Am"y*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Wanting in muscle; without flesh.

AMYSS
Am"yss, n.

Defn: Same as Amice, a hood or cape.

AN
An. Etym: [AS. an one, the same word as the numeral. See One, and cf.
A.]

Defn: This word is properly an adjective, but is commonly called the
indefinite article. It is used before nouns of the singular number
only, and signifies one, or any, but somewhat less emphatically. In
such expressions as "twice an hour," "once an age," a shilling an
ounce (see 2d A, 2), it has a distributive force, and is equivalent
to each, every.

Note: An is used before a word beginning with a vowel sound; as, an
enemy, an hour. It in also often used before h sounded, when the
accent of the word falls on the second syllable; as, an historian, an
hyena, an heroic deed. Many writers use a before h in such positions.
Anciently an was used before consonants as well as vowels.

AN
An, conj. Etym: [Shortened fr. and, OE. an., and, sometimes and if,
in introducing conditional clauses, like Icel. enda if, the same word
as and. Prob. and was originally pleonastic before the conditional
clause.]

Defn: If; -- a word used by old English authors. Shak.
Nay, an thou dalliest, then I am thy foe. B. Jonson.
An if, and if; if.

ANA-
An"a-. Etym: [/Gr. in comp., on, up, upwards.]

Defn: A prefix in words from the Greek, denoting up, upward,
throughout, backward, back, again, anew.

ANA
A"na, adv. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Of each; an equal quantity; as, wine and honey, ana (or,
contracted, aa), ., that is, of wine and honey, each, two ounces.
An apothecary with a . . . long bill of anas. Dryden.

ANA
*a"na. Etym: [The neut. pl. ending of Latin adjectives in -anus.]

Defn: A suffix to names of persons or places, used to denote a
collection of notable sayings, literary gossip, anecdotes, etc. Thus,
Scaligerana is a book containing the sayings of Scaliger, Johnsoniana
of Johnson, etc.

Note: Used also as a substantive; as, the French anas.
It has been said that the table-talk of Selden is worth all the ana
of the Continent. Hallam.

-ANA
-a"na. [The neut. pl. ending of Latin adjectives in -anus.]

Defn: A suffix to names of persons or places, used to denote a
collection of notable sayings, literary gossip, anecdotes, etc. Thus,
Scaligerana is a book containing the sayings of Scaliger, Johnsoniana
of Johnson, etc.

Used also as a substantive; as, the French anas.

It has been said that the table-talk of Selden is worth all the ana
of the Continent.
Hallam.

ANABAPTISM
An`a*bap"tism, n. Etym: [L. anabaptismus, Gr. anabaptisme. See
Anabaptize.]

Defn: The doctrine of the Anabaptists.

ANABAPTIST
An`a*bap"tist, n. Etym: [LL. anabaptista, fr. Gr. as if : cf. F.
anabaptiste.]

Defn: A name sometimes applied to a member of any sect holding that
rebaptism is necessary for those baptized in infancy.

Note: In church history, the name Anabaptists usually designates a
sect of fanatics who greatly disturbed the peace of Germany, the
Netherlands, etc., in the Reformation period. In more modern times
the name has been applied to those who do not regard infant baptism
as real and valid baptism.

ANABAPTISTIC; ANABAPTISTICAL
An`a*bap*tis"tic, An`a*bap*tis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Relating or attributed to the Anabaptists, or their doctrines.
Milton. Bp. Bull.

ANABAPTISTRY
An`a*bap"tist*ry, n.

Defn: The doctrine, system, or practice, of Anabaptists. [R.]
Thus died this imaginary king; and Anabaptistry was suppressed in
Munster. Pagitt.

ANABAPTIZE
An`a*bap*tize", v. t. Etym: [Gr. Baptize.]

Defn: To rebaptize; to rechristen; also, to rename. [R.] Whitlock.

ANABAS
An"a*bas, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fishes, remarkable for their power of living long
out of water, and of making their way on land for considerable
distances, and for climbing trees; the climbing fishes.

ANABASIS
A*nab"a*sis, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A journey or expedition up from the coast, like that of the
younger Cyrus into Central Asia, described by Xenophon in his work
called "The Anabasis."
The anabasis of Napoleon. De Quincey.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The first period, or increase, of a disease; augmentation.
[Obs.]

ANABATIC
An`a*bat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to anabasis; as, an anabatic fever. [Obs.]

ANABOLIC
An`a*bol"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Pertaining to anabolism; an anabolic changes, or processes,
more or less constructive in their nature.

ANABOLISM
A*nab"o*lism, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The constructive metabolism of the body, as distinguished from
katabolism.

ANABRANCH
An"a*branch, n. [Anastomosing + branch.]

Defn: A branch of a river that reënters, or anastomoses with, the
main stream; also, less properly, a branch which loses itself in
sandy soil. [Australia]

Such branches of a river as after separation reunite, I would term
anastomosing branches; or, if a word might be coined, anabranches,
and the islands they form branch islands.
Col. Jackson.

ANACAMPTIC
An`a*camp"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Reflecting of reflected; as, an anacamptic sound (and echo).

Note: The word was formerly applied to that part of optics which
treats of reflection; the same as what is now called catoptric. See
Catoptrics.

ANACAMPTICALLY
An`a*camp"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By reflection; as, echoes are sound produced anacamptically.
Hutton.

ANACAMPTICS
An`a*camp"tics, n.

1. The science of reflected light, now called catoptrics.

2. The science of reflected sounds.

ANACANTHINI; ANACANTHS
An`a*can"thi*ni, An"a*canths, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of teleostean fishes destitute of spiny fin-rays, as
the cod.

ANACANTHOUS
An`a*can"thous, a.

Defn: Spineless, as certain fishes.

ANACARDIACEOUS
An`a*car"di*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, a family, or order, of plants of
which the cashew tree is the type, and the species of sumac are well
known examples.

ANACARDIC
An`a*car"dic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the cashew nut; as, anacardic
acid.

ANACARDIUM
An`a*car"di*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including the cashew tree. See Cashew.

ANACATHARTIC
An`a*ca*thar"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. i. e., by vomiting; Cathartic.]
(Med.)

Defn: Producing vomiting or expectoration.
 -- n.

Defn: An anacatharic medicine; an expectorant or an emetic.

ANACHARIS
An*ach"a*ris, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A fresh-water weed of the frog's-bit family (Hydrocharidaceæ),
native to America. Transferred to England it became an obstruction to
navigation. Called also waterweed and water thyme.

ANACHORET; ANACHORETICAL
An*ach"o*ret, n. An*ach`o*ret"ic*al, a.

Defn: See Anchoret, Anchoretic. [Obs.]

ANACHORISM
An*ach"o*rism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An error in regard to the place of an event or a thing; a
referring something to a wrong place. [R.]

ANACHRONIC; ANACHRONICAL
An`a*chron"ic, An`a*chron"ic*al, a.

Defn: Characterized by, or involving, anachronism; anachronistic.

ANACHRONISM
An*ach"ro*nism, n. Etym: [Gr. anachronisme.]

Defn: A misplacing or error in the order of time; an error in
chronology by which events are misplaced in regard to each other,
esp. one by which an event is placed too early; falsification of
chronological relation.

ANACHRONISTIC
An*ach`ro*nis"tic, a.

Defn: Erroneous in date; containing an anachronism. T. Warton.

ANACHRONIZE
An*ach"ro*nize, v. t. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To refer to, or put into, a wrong time. [R.] Lowell.

ANACHRONOUS
An*ach"ro*nous, a.

Defn: Containing an anachronism; anachronistic.
 -- An*ach"ro*nous*ly, adv.

ANACLASTIC
An`a*clas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Opt.)

Defn: Produced by the refraction of light, as seen through water; as,
anaclastic curves.

2. Springing back, as the bottom of an anaclastic glass. Anaclastic
glass, a glass or phial, shaped like an inverted funnel, and with a
very thin convex bottom. By sucking out a little air, the bottom
springs into a concave form with a smart crack; and by breathing or
blowing gently into the orifice, the bottom, with a like noise,
springs into its former convex form.

ANACLASTICS
An`a*clas"tics, n. (Opt.)

Defn: That part of optics which treats of the refraction of light; --
commonly called dioptrics. Encyc. Brit.

ANACOENOSIS
An`a*coe*no"sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which a speaker appeals to his hearers or opponents
for their opinion on the point in debate. Walker.

ANACOLUTHIC
An`a*co*lu"thic, a.

Defn: Lacking grammatical sequence.
 -- An`a*co*lu"thic*al*ly, adv.

ANACOLUTHON
An`a*co*lu"thon, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: A want of grammatical sequence or coherence in a sentence; an
instance of a change of construction in a sentence so that the latter
part does not syntactically correspond with the first part.

ANACONDA
An`a*con"da, n. Etym: [Of Ceylonese origin] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large South American snake of the Boa family (Eunectes
murinus), which lives near rivers, and preys on birds and small
mammals. The name is also applied to a similar large serpent (Python
tigris) of Ceylon.

ANACREONTIC
A*nac`re*on"tic, a. Etym: [L. Anacreonticus.]

Defn: Pertaining to, after the manner of, or in the meter of, the
Greek poet Anacreon; amatory and convivial. De Quincey.

ANACREONTIC
A*nac`re*on"tic, n.

Defn: A poem after the manner of Anacreon; a sprightly little poem in
praise of love and wine.

ANACROTIC
An`a*crot"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Pertaining to anachronism.

ANACROTISM
A*nac"ro*tism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A secondary notch in the pulse curve, obtained in a
sphygmographic tracing.

ANACRUSIS
An`a*cru"sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Pros.)

Defn: A prefix of one or two unaccented syllables to a verse properly
beginning with an accented syllable.

ANADEM
An"a*dem, n. Etym: [L. anadema, Gr.

Defn: A garland or fillet; a chaplet or wreath. Drayton. Tennyson.

ANADIPLOSIS
An`a*di*plo"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A repetition of the last word or any prominent word in a
sentence or clause, at the beginning of the next, with an adjunct
idea; as, "He retained his virtues amidst all his misfortunes --
misfortunes which no prudence could foresee or prevent."

ANADROM
An"a*drom, n. Etym: [Cf. F. anadrome.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish that leaves the sea and ascends rivers.

ANADROMOUS
A*nad"ro*mous, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Ascending rivers from the sea, at certain seasons, for
breeding, as the salmon, shad, etc.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Tending upwards; -- said of terns in which the lowest secondary
segments are on the upper side of the branch of the central stem. D.
C. Eaton.

ANAEMIA
A*næ"mi*a, a. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition in which the blood is deficient in quality
or in quantity.

ANAEMIC
A*næm"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anæmia.

ANAEROBIA; ANAEROBES
An*a`ër*o"bi*a, An*a"ër*obes, n. pl. [NL. anaerobia; an-not + aëro- +
Gr. life.] (Bacteriol.)

Defn: Anaërobic bacteria. They are called facultative anaërobia when
able to live either in the presence or absence of free oxygen;
obligate, or obligatory, anaërobia when they thrive only in its
absence.

ANAEROBIC
An*a`ë*rob"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to, or like, anaërobies; araërobiotic.

ANAEROBIES
An*a"ër*o*bies, n. pl. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Microörganisms which do not require oxygen, but are killed by
it. Sternberg.

ANAEROBIOTIC
An*a`ër*o*bi*ot"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Related to, or of the nature of, anaërobies.

ANAESTHESIA
An`æs*the"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. anesthésie. See Æsthetics.]
(Med.)

Defn: Entire or partial loss or absence of feeling or sensation; a
state of general or local insensibility produced by disease or by the
inhalation or application of an anæsthetic.

ANAESTHESIS
An`æs*the"sis, n.

Defn: See Anæsthesia.

ANAESTHETIC
An`æs*thet"ic, a. (Med.)
(a) Capable of rendering insensible; as, anæsthetic agents.
(b) Characterized by, or connected with, insensibility; as, an
anæsthetic effect or operation.

ANAESTHETIC
An`æs*thet"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: That which produces insensibility to pain, as chloroform,
ether, etc.

ANAESTHETIZATION
An*æs`the*ti*za"tion, n.

Defn: The process of anæsthetizing; also, the condition of the
nervous system induced by anæsthetics.

ANAESTHETIZE
An*æs"the*tize, v. t. (Med.)

Defn: To render insensible by an anæsthetic. Encyc. Brit.

ANAGLYPH
An"a*glyph, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Any sculptured, chased, or embossed ornament worked in low
relief, as a cameo.

ANAGLYPHIC
An`a*glyph"ic, n.

Defn: Work chased or embossed relief.

ANAGLYPHIC; ANAGLYPHICAL
An`a*glyph"ic, An`a*glyph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the art of chasing or embossing in relief;
anaglyptic; -- opposed to diaglyptic or sunk work.

ANAGLYPTIC
An`a*glyp"tic, a. Etym: [L. anaglypticus, Gr. Anaglyph.]

Defn: Relating to the art of carving, enchasing, or embossing in low
relief.

ANAGLYPTICS
An`a*glyp"tics, n.

Defn: The art of carving in low relief, embossing, etc.

ANAGLYPTOGRAPH
An`a*glyp"to*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: An instrument by which a correct engraving of any embossed
object, such as a medal or cameo, can be executed. Brande & C.

ANAGLYPTOGRAPHIC
An`a*glyp`to*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anaglyptography; as, analyptographic
engraving.

ANAGLYPTOGRAPHY
An`a*glyp*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: The art of copying works in relief, or of engraving as to give
the subject an embossed or raised appearance; -- used in representing
coins, bas-reliefs, etc.

ANAGNORISIS
An`ag*nor"i*sis, n. Etym: [Latinized fr. Gr.

Defn: The unfolding or dénouement. [R.] De Quincey.

ANAGOGE
An`a*go"ge, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. An elevation of mind to things celestial.

2. The spiritual meaning or application; esp. the application of the
types and allegories of the Old Testament to subjects of the New.

ANAGOGIC; ANAGOGICAL
An`a*gog"ic, An`a*gog"ic*al, a.

Defn: Mystical; having a secondary spiritual meaning; as, the rest of
the Sabbath, in an anagogical sense, signifies the repose of the
saints in heaven; an anagogical explication.
 -- An`a*gog"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANAGOGICS
An`a*gog"ics, n. pl.

Defn: Mystical interpretations or studies, esp. of the Scriptures. L.
Addison.

ANAGOGY
An"a*go`gy, n.

Defn: Same as Anagoge.

ANAGRAM
An"a*gram, n. Etym: [F. anagramme, LL. anagramma, fr. Gr. Graphic.]

Defn: Literally, the letters of a word read backwards, but in its
usual wider sense, the change or one word or phrase into another by
the transposition of its letters. Thus Galenus becomes angelus;
William Noy (attorney-general to Charles I., and a laborious man) may
be turned into I moyl in law.

ANAGRAM
An"a*gram, v. t.

Defn: To anagrammatize.
Some of these anagramed his name, Benlowes, into Benevolus.
Warburton.

ANAGRAMMATIC; ANAGRAMMATICAL
An`a*gram*mat"ic, An`a*gram*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
anagramtique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or making, anagram.
 -- An`a*gram*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANAGRAMMATISM
An`a*gram"ma*tism, n. Etym: [Gr. anagrammatisme.]

Defn: The act or practice of making anagrams. Camden.

ANAGRAMMATIST
An`a*gram"ma*tist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. anagrammatiste.]

Defn: A maker anagrams.

ANAGRAMMATIZE
An`a*gram"ma*tize, v. t. Etym: [Gr. anagrammatiser.]

Defn: To transpose, as the letters of a word, so as to form an
anagram. Cudworth.

ANAGRAPH
An"a*graph, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An inventory; a record. [Obs.] Knowles.

ANAKIM; ANAKS
An"a*kim, A"naks, n. pl. Etym: [Heb.] (Bibl.)

Defn: A race of giants living in Palestine.

ANAL
A"nal, a. Etym: [From Anus.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or situated near, the anus; as, the anal fin or
glands.

ANALCIME
A*nal"cime, n. Etym: [Gr. analcime.] (Min.)

Defn: A white or flesh-red mineral, of the zeolite, occurring in
isometric crystals. By friction, it acquires a weak electricity;
hence its name.

ANALCITE
A*nal"cite, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Analcime.

ANALECTIC
An`a*lec"tic, a.

Defn: Relating to analects; made up of selections; as, an analectic
magazine.

ANALECTS; ANALECTA
An"a*lects, An`a*lec"ta, n. pl. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A collection of literary fragments.

ANALEMMA
An`a*lem"ma, n. Etym: [L. analemma a sun dial on a pedestal, showing
the latitude and meridian of a place, Gr.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: An orthographic projection of the sphere on the plane of the
meridian, the eye being supposed at an infinite distance, and in the
east or west point of the horizon.

2. An instrument of wood or brass, on which this projection of the
sphere is made, having a movable horizon or cursor; -- formerly much
used in solving some common astronomical problems.

3. A scale of the sun's declination for each day of the year, drawn
across the torrid zone on an artificial terrestrial globe.

ANALEPSIS; ANALEPSY
An"a*lep"sis, An"a*lep"sy, Etym: [Gr. Analemma.] (Med.)
(a) Recovery of strength after sickness.
(b) A species of epileptic attack, originating from gastric disorder.

ANALEPTIC
An"a*lep"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. analeptique. See Analepsis.] (Med.)

Defn: Restorative; giving strength after disease.
 -- n.

Defn: A restorative.

ANALGEN; ANALGENE
An*al"gen, An*al"gene, n. [Gr.  painless.]

Defn: A crystalline compound used as an antipyretic and analgesic,
employed chiefly in rheumatism and neuralgia. It is a complex
derivative of quinoline.

ANALGESIA
An`al*ge"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Absence of sensibility to pain. Quain.

ANALLAGMATIC
An`al*lag*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Math.)

Defn: Not changed in form by inversion. Anallagmatic curves, a class
of curves of the fourth degree which have certain peculiar relations
to circles; -- sometimes called bicircular quartics.
 -- Anallagmatic surfaces, a certain class of surfaces of the fourth
degree.

ANALLANTOIC
An`al*lan*to"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Without, or not developing, an allantois.

ANALLANTOIDEA
An`al*lan*toid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [Gr. allantoidea.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Vertebrata in which no allantois is developed.
It includes amphibians, fishes, and lower forms.

ANALOGAL
A*nal"o*gal, a.

Defn: Analogous. [Obs.] Donne.

ANALOGIC
An`a*log"ic, a. Etym: [See Analogous.]

Defn: Of or belonging to analogy. Geo. Eliot.

ANALOGICAL
An`a*log"ic*al, a.

1. Founded on, or of the nature of, analogy; expressing or implying
analogy.
When a country which has sent out colonies is termed the mother
country, the expression is analogical. J. S. Mill.

2. Having analogy; analogous. Sir M. Hale.

ANALOGICALLY
An`a*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an analogical sense; in accordance with analogy; by way of
similitude.
A prince is analogically styled a pilot, being to the state as a
pilot is to the vessel. Berkeley.

ANALOGICALNESS
An`a*log"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being analogical.

ANALOGISM
A*nal"o*gism, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. Logic

Defn: an argument from the cause to the effect; an a priori argument.
Johnson.

2. Investigation of things by the analogy they bear to each other.
Crabb.

ANALOGIST
A*nal"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who reasons from analogy, or represent, by analogy. Cheyne.

ANALOGIZE
A*nal"o*gize, v. i.

Defn: To employ, or reason by, analogy.

ANALOGON
A*nal"o*gon, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Analogue.

ANALOGOUS
A*nal"o*gous, a. Etym: [L. analogous, Gr. Logic.]

Defn: Having analogy; corresponding to something else; bearing some
resemblance or proportion; -- often followed by to.
Analogous tendencies in arts and manners. De Quincey.
Decay of public spirit, which may be considered analogous to natural
death. J. H. Newman.
nalogous pole (Pyroelect.), that pole of a crystal which becomes
positively electrified when heated.

Syn.
 -- Correspondent; similar; like.
 -- A*nal"o gous*ly, adv.
 -- A*nal"o*gous*ness, n.

ANALOGUE
An"a*logue, n. Etym: [F.

1. That which is analogous to, or corresponds with, some other thing.
The vexatious tyranny of the individual despot meets its analogue in
the insolent tyranny of the many. I. Taylor.

2. (Philol.)

Defn: A word in one language corresponding with one in another; an
analogous term; as, the Latin "pater" is the analogue of the English
"father."

3. (Nat. Hist.)
(a) An organ which is equivalent in its functions to a different
organ in another species or group, or even in the same group; as, the
gill of a fish is the analogue of a lung in a quadruped, although the
two are not of like structural relations.
(b) A species in one genus or group having its characters parallel,
one by one, with those of another group.
(c) A species or genus in one country closely related to a species of
the same genus, or a genus of the same group, in another: such
species are often called representative species, and such genera,
representative genera. Dana.

ANALOGY
A*nal"o*gy, n.; pl. Analogies. Etym: [L. analogia, Gr. analogie. See
Analogous.]

1. A resemblance of relations; an agreement or likeness between
things in some circumstances or effects, when the things are
otherwise entirely different. Thus, learning enlightens the mind,
because it is to the mind what light is to the eye, enabling it to
discover things before hidden.

Note: Followed by between, to, or with; as, there is an analogy
between these objects, or one thing has an analogy to or with
another.

Note: Analogy is very commonly used to denote similarity or essential
resemblance; but its specific meaning is a similarity of relations,
and in this consists the difference between the argument from example
and that from analogy. In the former, we argue from the mere
similarity of two things; in the latter, from the similarity of their
relations. Karslake.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A relation or correspondence in function, between organs or
parts which are decidedly different.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: Proportion; equality of ratios.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: Conformity of words to the genius, structure, or general rules
of a language; similarity of origin, inflection, or principle of
pronunciation, and the like, as opposed to pl. analogies. Johnson.

ANALYSE; ANALYSER
An"a*lyse, v., An"a*ly`ser, n., etc.

Defn: Same as Analyze, Analyzer, etc.

ANALYSIS
A*nal"y*sis, n.; pl. Analyses. Etym: [Gr. Loose.]

1. A resolution of anything, whether an object of the senses or of
the intellect, into its constituent or original elements; an
examination of the component parts of a subject, each separately, as
the words which compose a sentence, the tones of a tune, or the
simple propositions which enter into an argument. It is opposed to
synthesis.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The separation of a compound substance, by chemical processes,
into its constituents, with a view to ascertain either (a) what
elements it contains, or (b) how much of each element is present. The
former is called qualitative, and the latter quantitative analysis.

3. (Logic)

Defn: The tracing of things to their source, and the resolving of
knowledge into its original principles.

4. (Math.)

Defn: The resolving of problems by reducing the conditions that are
in them to equations.

5.
(a) A syllabus, or table of the principal heads of a discourse,
disposed in their natural order.
(b) A brief, methodical illustration of the principles of a science.
In this sense it is nearly synonymous with synopsis.

6. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: The process of ascertaining the name of a species, or its place
in a system of classification, by means of an analytical table or
key. Ultimate, Proximate, Qualitative, Quantitative, and Volumetric
analysis. (Chem.) See under Ultimate, Proximate, Qualitative, etc.

ANALYST
An"a*lyst, n. Etym: [F. analyste. See Analysis.]

Defn: One who analyzes; formerly, one skilled in algebraical
geometry; now commonly, one skilled in chemical analysis.

ANALYTIC; ANALYTICAL
An`a*lyt"ic, An`a*lyt"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. analytique. See Analysis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to analysis; resolving into elements or
constituent parts; as, an analytical experiment; analytic reasoning;
-- opposed to synthetic. Analytical or coördinate geometry. See under
Geometry.
 -- Analytic language, a noninflectional language or one not
characterized by grammatical endings.
 -- Analytical table (Nat. Hist.), a table in which the
characteristics of the species or other groups are arranged so as to
facilitate the determination of their names.

ANALYTICALLY
An`a*lyt"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an analytical manner.

ANALYTICS
An`a*lyt"ics, n.

Defn: The science of analysis.

ANALYZABLE
An"a*ly`za*ble, a.

Defn: That may be analyzed.

ANALYZATION
An`a*ly*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of analyzing, or separating into constituent parts;
analysis.

ANALYZE
An"a*lyze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Analyzed; p. pr. & vb. n. Analyzing.]
Etym: [Cf. F. analyser. See Analysis.]

Defn: To subject to analysis; to resolve (anything complex) into its
elements; to separate into the constituent parts, for the purpose of
an examination of each separately; to examine in such a manner as to
ascertain the elements or nature of the thing examined; as, to
analyze a fossil substance; to analyze a sentence or a word; to
analyze an action to ascertain its morality.
No one, I presume, can analyze the sensations of pleasure or pain.
Darwin.

ANALYZER
An"a*ly`zer, n.

1. One who, or that which, analyzes.

2. (Opt.)

Defn: The part of a polariscope which receives the light after
polarization, and exhibits its properties.

ANAMESE
An`a*mese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Anam, to southeastern Asia.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Anam.

ANAMNESIS
An`am*ne"sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A recalling to mind; recollection.

ANAMNESTIC
An`am*nes"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Aiding the memory; as, anamnestic remedies.

ANAMNIOTIC
An*am`ni*ot"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Without, or not developing, an amnion.

ANAMORPHISM
An`a*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A distorted image.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A gradual progression from one type to another, generally
ascending. Huxley.

ANAMORPHOSCOPE
An`a*mor"pho*scope, n. [Anamorphosis + -scope.]

Defn: An instrument for restoring a picture or image distorted by
anamorphosis to its normal proportions. It usually consists of a
cylindrical mirror.

ANAMORPHOSIS
An`a*mor"pho*sis, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Persp.)

Defn: A distorted or monstrous projection or representation of an
image on a plane or curved surface, which, when viewed from a certain
point, or as reflected from a curved mirror or through a polyhedron,
appears regular and in proportion; a deformation of an image.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Anamorphism, 2.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A morbid or monstrous development, or change of form, or
degeneration.

ANAMORPHOSY
An`a*mor"pho*sy, n.

Defn: Same as Anamorphosis.

ANAN
A*nan", interj. Etym: [See Anon.]

Defn: An expression equivalent to What did you say Sir Eh [Obs.]
Shak.

ANANAS
A*na"nas, n. Etym: [Sp. ananas, from the native American name.]
(Bot.)

Defn: The pineapple (Ananassa sativa).

ANANDROUS
An*an"drous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of stamen

ANANGULAR
An*an"gu*lar, a. Etym: [Gr. angular.]

Defn: Containing no angle. [R.]

ANANTHEROUS
An*an"ther*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. anther.] (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of anthers. Gray.

ANANTHOUS
An*an"thous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of flowers; flowerless.

ANAPAEST; ANAPAESTIC
An`a*pæst, An`a*pæs"tic.

Defn: Same as Anapest, Anapestic.

ANAPEST
An"a*pest, n. Etym: [L. anapaestus, Gr. i.e., a dactyl reserved, or,
as it were, struck back; fr.

1. (Pros.)

Defn: A metrical foot consisting of three syllables, the first two
short, or unaccented, the last long, or accented; the reverse of the
dactyl. In Latin d, and in English in-ter-vene, are examples of
anapests.

2. A verse composed of such feet.

ANAPESTIC
An`a*pes"tic, a. Etym: [L. anapaesticus, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to an anapest; consisting of an anapests; as, an
anapestic meter, foot, verse.
 -- n.

Defn: Anapestic measure or verse.

ANAPESTICAL
An`a*pes"tic*al, a.

Defn: Anapestic.

ANAPHORA
A*naph"o*ra, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A repetition of a word or of words at the beginning of two or
more successive clauses.

ANAPHRODISIA
An*aph`ro*dis"i*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Absence of sexual appetite.

ANAPHRODISIAC
An*aph`ro*dis"i*ac, a. & n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Antaphrodisiac. Dunglison.

ANAPHRODITIC
An*aph`ro*dit"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Produced without concourse of sexes.

ANAPLASTIC
An`a*plas"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anaplasty.

ANAPLASTY
An`a*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Gr. anaplastie.] (Surg.)

Defn: The art of operation of restoring lost parts or the normal
shape by the use of healthy tissue.

ANAPLEROTIC
An`a*ple*rot"ic, a. Etym: [L. anapleroticus, fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Filling up; promoting granulation of wounds or ulcers.
 -- n.

Defn: A remedy which promotes such granulation.

ANAPNOGRAPH
A*nap"no*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: A form of spirometer.

ANAPNOIC
An`ap*no"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Relating to respiration.

ANAPODEICTIC
An*ap`o*deic"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. Apodeictic.]

Defn: Not apodeictic; undemonstrable. [R.]

ANAPOPHYSIS
An`a*poph"y*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: An accessory process in many lumbar vertebræ.

ANAPTOTIC
An`ap*tot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having lost, or tending to lose, inflections by phonetic decay;
as, anaptotic languages.

ANAPTYCHUS
An*ap"ty*chus, n.; pl. Anaptichi. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: One of a pair of shelly plates found in some cephalopods, as
the ammonites.

ANARCH
An"arch, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The author of anarchy; one who excites revolt. Milton.
Imperial anarchs doubling human woes. Byron.

ANARCHAL
A*nar"chal, a.

Defn: Lawless; anarchical. [R.]
We are in the habit of calling those bodies of men anarchal which are
in a state of effervescence. Landor.

ANARCHIC; ANARCHICAL
A*nar"chic, A*nar"chic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. anarchique.]

Defn: Pertaining to anarchy; without rule or government; in political
confusion; tending to produce anarchy; as, anarchic despotism;
anarchical opinions.

ANARCHISM
An"arch*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. anarchisme.]

Defn: The doctrine or practice of anarchists.

ANARCHIST
An"arch*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. anarchiste.]

Defn: An anarch; one who advocates anarchy of aims at the overthrow
of civil government.

ANARCHIZE
An"arch*ize, v. t.

Defn: To reduce to anarchy.

ANARCHY
An"arch*y, n. Etym: [Gr. anarchie. See Anarch.]

1. Absence of government; the state of society where there is no law
or supreme power; a state of lawlessness; political confusion.
Spread anarchy and terror all around. Cowper.

2. Hence, confusion or disorder, in general.
There being then . . . an anarchy, as I may term it, in authors and
their reFuller.

ANARTHROPODA
An`ar*throp"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -poda. See Anarthrous.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the divisions of Articulata in which there are no
jointed legs, as the annelids; -- opposed to Arthropoda.

ANARTHROPODOUS
An`ar*throp"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having no jointed legs; pertaining to Anarthropoda.

ANARTHROUS
An*ar"throus, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Gr. Gram.)

Defn: Used without the article; as, an anarthrous substantive.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without joints, or having the joints indistinct, as some
insects.

ANAS
A"nas, n. Etym: [L., duck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of water fowls, of the order Anseres, including certain
species of fresh-water ducks.

ANASARCA
An`a*sar"ca, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Dropsy of the subcutaneous cellular tissue; an effusion of
serum into the cellular substance, occasioning a soft, pale,
inelastic swelling of the skin.

ANASARCOUS
An`a*sar"cous, a.

Defn: Belonging, or affected by, anasarca, or dropsy; dropsical.
Wiseman.

ANASEISMIC
An`a*seis"mic, a. [Cf. Gr.  a shaking up and down.]

Defn: Moving up and down; -- said of earthquake shocks.

ANASTALTIC
An`a*stal"tic, a. & n. Etym: [Gr. fitted for checking, fr. (Med.)

Defn: Styptic. [Obs.] Coxe.

ANASTATE
An"a*state, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: One of a series of substances formed, in secreting cells, by
constructive or anabolic processes, in the production of protoplasm;
-- opposed to katastate. Foster.

ANASTATIC
An`a*stat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to a process or a style of printing from characters
in relief on zinc plates.

Note: In this process the letterpress, engraving, or design of any
kind is transferred to a zinc plate; the parts not covered with ink
are eaten out, leaving a facsimile in relief to be printed from.

ANASTIGMATIC
An*as`tig*mat"ic, a. [Pref. an-not + astigmatic.] (Optics)

Defn: Not astigmatic; --said esp. of a lens system which consists of
a converging lens and a diverging lens of equal and opposite
astigmatism but different focal lengths, and sensibly free from
astigmatism.

ANASTOMOSE
A*nas"to*mose, v. i. [imp. p. p. Anastomozed; p. pr. Anastomosing.]
Etym: [Cf. F. anastomoser, fr. anastomose. See Anastomosis.] (Anat. &
Bot.)

Defn: To inosculate; to intercommunicate by anastomosis, as the
arteries and veins.
The ribbing of the leaf, and the anastomosing network of its vessels.
I. Taylor.

ANASTOMOSIS
A*nas`to*mo"sis, n.; pl. Anastomoses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
anastomose.] (Anat. & Bot.)

Defn: The inosculation of vessels, or intercommunication between two
or more vessels or nerves, as the cross communication between
arteries or veins.

ANASTOMOTIC
A*nas`to*mot"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anastomosis.

ANASTROPHE
A*nas"tro*phe, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet. & Gram.)

Defn: An inversion of the natural order of words; as, echoed the
hills, for, the hills echoed.

ANATHEMA
A*nath"e*ma, n.; pl. Anathemas. Etym: [L. anath, fr. Gr. anath, fr.
Gr. Thesis.]

1. A ban or curse pronounced with religious solemnity by
ecclesiastical authority, and accompanied by excommunication. Hence:
Denunciation of anything as accursed.
[They] denounce anathemas against unbelievers. Priestley.

2. An imprecation; a curse; a malediction.
Finally she fled to London followed by the anathemas of both
[families]. Thackeray.

3. Any person or thing anathematized, or cursed by ecclesiastical
authority.
The Jewish nation were an anathema destined to destruction. St. Paul
. . . says he could wish, to save them from it, to become an
anathema, and be destroyed himself. Locke.
Anathema Maranatha Etym: (see 1 Cor. xvi. 22), an expression commonly
considered as a highly intensified form of anathema. Maran atha is
now considered as a separate sentence, meaning, "Our Lord cometh."

ANATHEMATIC; ANATHEMATICAL
A*nath`e*mat"ic, A*nath`e*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an anathema.
 -- A*nath`e*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANATHEMATISM
A*nath"e*ma*tism, n. Etym: [Gr. anathématisme.]

Defn: Anathematization. [Obs.]
We find a law of Justinian forbidding anathematisms to be pronounced
against the Jewish Hellenists. J. Taylor.

ANATHEMATIZATION
A*nath`e*ma*ti*za"tion, n. Etym: [LL. anathematisatio.]

Defn: The act of anathematizing, or denouncing as accursed;
imprecation. Barrow.

ANATHEMATIZE
A*nath"e*ma*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anathematized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Anathematizing.] Etym: [L. anathematizare, Gr. anathématiser.]

Defn: To pronounce an anathema against; to curse. Hence: To condemn
publicly as something accursed. Milton.

ANATHEMATIZER
A*nath"e*ma*ti`zer, n.

Defn: One who pronounces an anathema. Hammond.

ANATIFA
A*nat"i*fa, n.; pl. Anatifæ. Etym: [NL., contr. fr. anatifera. See
Anatiferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal of the barnacle tribe, of the genus Lepas, having a
fleshy stem or peduncle; a goose barnacle. See Cirripedia.

Note: The term Anatifæ, in the plural, is often used for the whole
group of pedunculated cirripeds.

ANATIFER
A*nat"i*fer,, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Anatifa.

ANATIFEROUS
An`a*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. anas, anatis, a duck + -ferous.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing ducks; -- applied to Anatifæ, under the absurd notion
of their turning into ducks or geese. See Barnacle.

ANATINE
An"a*tine, a. Etym: [L. anatinus, fr. anas, anatis, a duck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ducks; ducklike.

ANATOCISM
A*nat"o*cism, n. Etym: [L. anatocismus, Gr. (Law)

Defn: Compound interest. [R.] Bouvier.

ANATOMIC; ANATOMICAL
An`a*tom"ic, An`a*tom"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. anatomicus, Gr. anatomique.
See Anatomy.]

Defn: Of or relating to anatomy or dissection; as, the anatomic art;
anatomical observations. Hume.

ANATOMICALLY
An`a*tom"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an anatomical manner; by means of dissection.

ANATOMISM
A*nat"o*mism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. anatomisme.]

1. The application of the principles of anatomy, as in art.
The stretched and vivid anatomism of their [i. e., the French] great
figure painters. The London Spectator.

2. The doctrine that the anatomical structure explains all the
phenomena of the organism or of animal life.

ANATOMIST
A*nat"o*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. anatomiste.]

Defn: One who is skilled in the art of anatomy, or dissection.

ANATOMIZATION
A*nat`o*mi*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of anatomizing.

ANATOMIZE
A*nat"o*mize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anatomized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Anatomizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. anatomiser.]

1. To dissect; to cut in pieces, as an animal vegetable body, for the
purpose of displaying or examining the structure and use of the
several parts.

2. To discriminate minutely or carefully; to analyze.
If we anatomize all other reasonings of this nature, we shall find
that they are founded on the relation of cause and effect. Hume.

ANATOMIZER
A*nat"o*mi`zer, n.

Defn: A dissector.

ANATOMY
A*nat"o*my, n.; pl. Anatomies. Etym: [F. anatomie, L. anatomia, Gr.

1. The art of dissecting, or artificially separating the different
parts of any organized body, to discover their situation, structure,
and economy; dissection.

2. The science which treats of the structure of organic bodies;
anatomical structure or organization.
Let the muscles be well inserted and bound together, according to the
knowledge of them which is given us by anatomy. Dryden.

Note: "Animal anatomy" is sometimes called zomy; "vegetable anatomy,"
phytotomy; "human anatomy," anthropotomy. Comparative anatomy
compares the structure of different kinds and classes of animals.

3. A treatise or book on anatomy.

4. The act of dividing anything, corporeal or intellectual, for the
purpose of examining its parts; analysis; as, the anatomy of a
discourse.

5. A skeleton; anything anatomized or dissected, or which has the
appearance of being so.
The anatomy of a little child, representing all parts thereof, is
accounted a greater rarity than the skeleton of a man in full
stature. Fuller.
They brought one Pinch, a hungry, lean-faced villain, A mere anatomy.
Shak.

ANATREPTIC
An`a*trep"tic, a. Etym: [overturning, fr.

Defn: Overthrowing; defeating; -- applied to Plato's refutative
dialogues. Enfield.

ANATRON
An"a*tron, n. Etym: [F. anatron, natron, Sp. anatron, natron, fr. Ar.
al-natr. See Natron, Niter.] [Obs.]

1. Native carbonate of soda; natron.

2. Glass gall or sandiver.

3. Saltpeter. Coxe. Johnson.

ANATROPAL; ANATROPOUS
A*nat"ro*pal, A*nat"ro*pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the ovule inverted at an early period in its
development, so that the chalaza is as the apparent apex; -- opposed
to orthotropous. Gray.

ANATTO
A*nat"to, n.

Defn: Same as Annotto.

ANBURY; AMBURY
An"bur*y, Am"bur*y, n. Etym: [AS. ampre, ompre, a crooked swelling
vein: cf. Prov. E. amper a tumor with inflammation. Cf. the first
syllable in agnail, and berry a fruit.]

1. (Far.)

Defn: A soft tumor or bloody wart on horses or oxen.

2. A disease of the roots of turnips, etc.; -- called also fingers
and toes.

ANCE
*ance. Etym: [F. -ance, fr. L. -antia and also fr. -entia.]

Defn: A suffix signifying action; also, quality or state; as,
assistance, resistance, appearance, elegance. See -ancy.

Note: All recently adopted words of this class take either -ance or -
ence, according to the Latin spelling.

-ANCE
-ance. [F. -ance, fr. L. -antia and also fr. -entia.]

Defn: A suffix signifying action; also, quality or state; as,
assistance, resistance, appearance, elegance. See -ancy.

 All recently adopted words of this class take either -ance or -ence,
according to the Latin spelling.

ANCESTOR
An"ces*tor, n. Etym: [OE. ancestre, auncestre, also ancessour; the
first forms fr. OF. ancestre, F. ancêtre, fr. the L. nom. antessor
one who goes before; the last form fr. OF. ancessor, fr. L. acc.
antecessorem, fr. antecedere to go before; ante before + cedere to
go. See Cede, and cf. Antecessor.]

1. One from whom a person is descended, whether on the father's or
mother's side, at any distance of time; a progenitor; a fore father.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: An earlier type; a progenitor; as, this fossil animal is
regarded as the ancestor of the horse.

3. (Law)

Defn: One from whom an estate has descended; -- the correlative of
heir.

ANCESTORIAL
An`ces*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Ancestral. Grote.

ANCESTORIALLY
An`ces*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: With regard to ancestors.

ANCESTRAL
An*ces"tral, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, derived from, or possessed by, an ancestor
or ancestors; as, an ancestral estate. "Ancestral trees." Hemans.

ANCESTRESS
An"ces*tress, n.

Defn: A female ancestor.

ANCESTRY
An"ces*try, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. ancesserie. See Ancestor.]

1. Condition as to ancestors; ancestral lineage; hence, birth or
honorable descent.
Title and ancestry render a good man more illustrious, but an ill one
more contemptible. Addison.

2. A series of ancestors or progenitors; lineage, or those who
compose the line of natural descent.

ANCHOR
An"chor, n. Etym: [OE. anker, AS. ancor, oncer, L. ancora, sometimes
spelt anchora, fr. Gr. angle: cf. F. ancre. See Angle, n.]

1. A iron instrument which is attached to a ship by a cable (rope or
chain), and which, being cast overboard, lays hold of the earth by a
fluke or hook and thus retains the ship in a particular station.

Note: The common anchor consists of a straight bar called a shank,
having at one end a transverse bar called a stock, above which is a
ring for the cable, and at the other end the crown, from which branch
out two or more arms with flukes, forming with the shank a suitable
angle to enter the ground.

Note: Formerly the largest and strongest anchor was the sheet anchor
(hence, Fig., best hope or last refuge), called also waist anchor.
Now the bower and the sheet anchor are usually alike. Then came the
best bower and the small bower (so called from being carried on the
bows). The stream anchor is one fourth the weight of the bower
anchor. Kedges or kedge anchors are light anchors used in warping.

2. Any instrument or contrivance serving a purpose like that of a
ship's anchor, as an arrangement of timber to hold a dam fast; a
contrivance to hold the end of a bridge cable, or other similar part;
a contrivance used by founders to hold the core of a mold in place.

3. Fig.: That which gives stability or security; that on which we
place dependence for safety.
Which hope we have as an anchor of the soul. Heb. vi. 19.

4. (Her.)

Defn: An emblem of hope.

5. (Arch.)
(a) A metal tie holding adjoining parts of a building together.
(b) Carved work, somewhat resembling an anchor or arrowhead; -- a
part of the ornaments of certain moldings. It is seen in the echinus,
or egg-and-anchor (called also egg-and-dart, egg-and-tongue)
ornament.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the anchor-shaped spicules of certain sponges; also, one
of the calcareous spinules of certain Holothurians, as in species of
Synapta. Anchor ice. See under Ice.
 -- Anchor ring. (Math.) Same as Annulus, 2 (b).
 -- Anchor stock (Naut.), the crossbar at the top of the shank at
right angles to the arms.
 -- The anchor comes home, when it drags over the bottom as the ship
drifts.
 -- Foul anchor, the anchor when it hooks, or is entangled with,
another anchor, or with a cable or wreck, or when the slack cable
entangled.
 -- The anchor is acockbill, when it is suspended perpendicularly
from the cathead, ready to be let go.
 -- The anchor is apeak, when the cable is drawn in do tight as to
bring to ship directly over it.
 -- The anchor is atrip, or aweigh, when it is lifted out of the
ground.
 -- The anchor is awash, when it is hove up to the surface of the
water.
 -- At anchor, anchored.
 -- To back an anchor, to increase the holding power by laying down a
small anchor ahead of that by which the ship rides, with the cable
fastened to the crown of the latter to prevent its coming home.
 -- To cast anchor, to drop or let go an anchor to keep a ship at
rest.
 -- To cat the anchor, to hoist the anchor to the cathead and pass
the ring-stopper.
 -- To fish the anchor, to hoist the flukes to their resting place
(called the bill-boards), and pass the shank painter.
 -- To weigh anchor, to heave or raise the anchor so as to sail away.

ANCHOR
An"chor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anchored; p. pr. & vb. n. Anchoring.]
Etym: [Cf. F. ancrer.]

1. To place at anchor; to secure by an anchor; as, to anchor a ship.

2. To fix or fasten; to fix in a stable condition; as, to anchor the
cables of a suspension bridge.
Till that my nails were anchored in thine eyes. Shak.

ANCHOR
An"chor, v. i.

1. To cast anchor; to come to anchor; as, our ship (or the captain)
anchored in the stream.

2. To stop; to fix or rest.
My invention . . . anchors on Isabel. Shak.

ANCHOR
An"chor, n. Etym: [OE. anker, ancre, AS. ancra, fr. L. anachoreta.
See Anchoret.]

Defn: An anchoret. [Obs.] Shak.

ANCHORABLE
An"chor*a*ble, a.

Defn: Fit for anchorage.

ANCHORAGE
An"chor*age, n.

1. The act of anchoring, or the condition of lying at anchor.

2. A place suitable for anchoring or where ships anchor; a hold for
an anchor.

3. The set of anchors belonging to a ship.

4. Something which holds like an anchor; a hold; as, the anchorages
of the Brooklyn Bridge.

5. Something on which one may depend for security; ground of trust.

6. A toll for anchoring; anchorage duties. Johnson.

ANCHORAGE
An"cho*rage, n.

Defn: Abode of an anchoret.

ANCHORATE
An"chor*ate, a.

Defn: Anchor-shaped.

ANCHORED
An"chored, a.

1. Held by an anchor; at anchor; held safely; as, an anchored bark;
also, shaped like an anchor; forked; as, an anchored tongue.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Having the extremities turned back, like the flukes of an
anchor; as, an anchored cross. [Sometimes spelt ancred.]

ANCHOR ESCAPEMENT
An"chor es*cape"ment. (Horol.)
 (a) The common recoil escapement.
 (b) A variety of the lever escapement with a wide impulse pin.

ANCHORESS
An"cho*ress, n.

Defn: A female anchoret.
And there, a saintly anchoress, she dwelt. Wordsworth.

ANCHORET; ANCHORITE
An"cho*ret, An"cho*rite, n. Etym: [F. anachorète, L. anachoreta, fr.
Gr. ha to leave. Cf. Anchor a hermit.]

Defn: One who renounces the world and secludes himself, usually for
religious reasons; a hermit; a recluse. [Written by some authors
anachoret.]
Our Savior himself . . . did not choose an anchorite's or a monastic
life, but a social and affable way of conversing with mortals. Boyle.

ANCHORETIC; ANCHORETICAL
An`cho*ret"ic, An`cho*ret"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to an anchoret or hermit; after the manner of an
anchoret.

ANCHORETISH
An"cho*ret`ish, a.

Defn: Hermitlike.

ANCHORETISM
An"cho*ret*ism, n.

Defn: The practice or mode of life of an anchoret.

ANCHOR-HOLD
An"chor-hold`, n.

1. The hold or grip of an anchor, or that to which it holds.

2. Hence: Firm hold: security.

ANCHORITE
An"cho*rite, n.

Defn: Same as Anchoret.

ANCHORITESS
An"cho*ri`tess, n.

Defn: An anchoress. [R.]

ANCHORLESS
An"chor*less, a.

Defn: Without an anchor or stay. Hence: Drifting; unsettled.

ANCHOR LIGHT
Anchor light. (Naut.)

Defn: The lantern shown at night by a vessel at anchor. International
rules of the road require vessels at anchor to carry from sunset to
sunrise a single white light forward if under 150 feet in length, and
if longer, two such lights, one near the stern and one forward.

ANCHOR SHOT
Anchor shot. (Billiards)

Defn: A shot made with the object balls in an anchor space.

ANCHOR SPACE
Anchor space. (Billiards)

Defn: In the balk-line game, any of eight spaces, 7 inches by 3½,
lying along a cushion and bisected transversely by a balk line.
Object balls in an anchor space are treated as in balk.

ANCHOR WATCH
Anchor watch. (Naut.)

Defn: A detail of one or more men who keep watch on deck at night
when a vessel is at anchor.

ANCHOVY
An*cho"vy, n. Etym: [Sp. anchoa, anchova, or Pg. anchova, prob. of
Iberian origin, and lit. a dried or pickled fish, fr. Bisc. antzua
dry: cf. D. anchovis, F. anchois.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small fish, about three inches in length, of the Herring
family (Engraulis encrasicholus), caught in vast numbers in the
Mediterranean, and pickled for exportation. The name is also applied
to several allied species.

ANCHOVY PEAR
An*cho"vy pear`. (Bot.)

Defn: A West Indian fruit like the mango in taste, sometimes pickled;
also, the tree (Grias cauliflora) bearing this fruit.

ANCHUSIN
An"chu*sin, n. Etym: [L. anchusa the plant alkanet, Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A resinoid coloring matter obtained from alkanet root.

ANCHYLOSE
An"chy*lose, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Anchylosed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Anchylosing.] Etym: [Cf. F. ankyloser.]

Defn: To affect or be affected with anchylosis; to unite or
consolidate so as to make a stiff joint; to grow together into one.
[Spelt also ankylose.] Owen.

ANCHYLOSIS; ANKYLOSIS
An`chy*lo"sis, An`ky*lo"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. ankylose.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Stiffness or fixation of a joint; formation of a stiff joint.
Dunglison.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The union of two or more separate bones to from a single bone;
the close union of bones or other structures in various animals.

ANCHYLOTIC
An`chy*lot"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anchylosis.

ANCIENT
An"cient, a. Etym: [OE. auncien, F. ancien, LL. antianus, fr. L. ante
before. See Ante-, pref.]

1. Old; that happened or existed in former times, usually at a great
distance of time; belonging to times long past; specifically applied
to the times before the fall of the Roman empire; -- opposed to
modern; as, ancient authors, literature, history; ancient days.
Witness those ancient empires of the earth. Milton.
Gildas Albanius . . . much ancienter than his namesake surnamed the
Wise. Fuller.

2. Old; that has been of long duration; of long standing; of great
age; as, an ancient forest; an ancient castle. "Our ancient
bickerings." Shak.
Remove not the ancient landmarks, which thy fathers have set. Prov.
xxii. 28.
An ancient man, strangely habited, asked for quarters. Scott.

3. Known for a long time, or from early times; -- opposed to recent
or new; as, the ancient continent.
A friend, perhaps, or an ancient acquaintance. Barrow.

4. Dignified, like an aged man; magisterial; venerable. [Archaic]
He wrought but some few hours of the day, and then would he seem very
grave and ancient. Holland.

5. Experienced; versed. [Obs.]
Though [he] was the youngest brother, yet he was the most ancient in
the business of the realm. Berners.

6. Former; sometime. [Obs.]
They mourned their ancient leader lost. Pope.
Ancient demesne (Eng. Law), a tenure by which all manors belonging to
the crown, in the reign of William the Conqueror, were held. The
numbers, names, etc., of these were all entered in a book called
Domesday Book.
 -- Ancient lights (Law), windows and other openings which have been
enjoined without molestation for more than twenty years. In England,
and in some of the United States, they acquire a prescriptive right.

Syn.
 -- Old; primitive; pristine; antique; antiquated; old-fashioned;
obsolete.
 -- Ancient, Antiquated, Obsolete, Antique, Antic, Old.
 -- Ancient is opposed to modern, and has antiquity; as, an ancient
family, ancient landmarks, ancient institutions, systems of thought,
etc. Antiquated describes that which has gone out of use or fashion;
as, antiquated furniture, antiquated laws, rules, etc. Obsolete is
commonly used, instead of antiquated, in reference to language,
customs, etc.; as, an obsolete word or phrase, an obsolete
expression. Antique is applied, in present usage, either to that
which has come down from the ancients; as, an antique cameo, bust,
etc. ; or to that which is made to imitate some ancient work of art;
as, an antique temple. In the days of Shakespeare, antique was often
used for ancient; as, "an antique song," "an antique Roman;" and
hence, from singularity often attached to what is ancient, it was
used in the sense of grotesque; as, "an oak whose antique root peeps
out; " and hence came our present word antic, denoting grotesque or
ridiculous. We usually apply both ancient and old to things subject
to gradual decay. We say, an old man, an ancient record; but never,
the old stars, an old river or mountain. In general, however, ancient
is opposed to modern, and old to new, fresh, or recent. When we speak
of a thing that existed formerly, which has ceased to exist, we
commonly use ancient; as, ancient republics, ancient heroes; and not
old republics, old heroes. But when the thing which began or existed
in former times is still in existence, we use either ancient or old;
as, ancient statues or paintings, or old statues or paintings;
ancient authors, or old authors, meaning books.

ANCIENT
An"cient, n.

1. pl.

Defn: Those who lived in former ages, as opposed to the moderns.

2. An aged man; a patriarch. Hence: A governor; a ruler; a person of
influence.
The Lord will enter into judgment with the ancients of his people,
and the princes thereof. Isa. iii. 14.

3. A senior; an elder; a predecessor. [Obs.]
Junius and Andronicus . . . in Christianity . . . were his ancients.
Hooker.

4. pl. (Eng. Law)

Defn: One of the senior members of the Inns of Court or of Chancery.
Council of Ancients (French Hist.), one of the two assemblies
composing the legislative bodies in 1795. Brande.

ANCIENT
An"cient, n. Etym: [Corrupted from ensign.]

1. An ensign or flag. [Obs.]
More dishonorable ragged than an old-faced ancient. Shak.

2. The bearer of a flag; an ensign. [Obs.]
This is Othello's ancient, as I take it. Shak.

ANCIENTLY
An"cient*ly, adv.

1. In ancient times.

2. In an ancient manner. [R.]

ANCIENTNESS
An"cient*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being ancient; antiquity; existence from old
times.

ANCIENTRY
An"cient*ry, n.

1. Antiquity; what is ancient.
They contain not word of ancientry. West.

2. Old age; also, old people. [R.]
Wronging the ancientry. Shak.

3. Ancient lineage; ancestry; dignity of birth.
A gentleman of more ancientry than estate. Fuller.

ANCIENTY
An"cient*y, n. Etym: [F. ancienneté, fr. ancien. See Ancient.]

1. Age; antiquity. [Obs.] Martin.

2. Seniority. [Obs.]

ANCILE
An*ci"le, n. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The sacred shield of the Romans, said to have-fallen from
heaven in the reign of Numa. It was the palladium of Rome.

ANCILLARY
An"cil*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. ancillaris, fr. ancilla a female servant.]

Defn: Subservient or subordinate, like a handmaid; auxiliary.
The Convocation of York seems to have been always considered as
inferior, and even ancillary, to the greater province. Hallam.

ANCILLARY ADMINISTRATION
An"cil*la*ry ad*min`is*tra"tion. (Law)

Defn: An administration subordinate to, and in aid of, the primary or
principal administration of an estate.

ANCILLE
An*cille", n. Etym: [OF. ancelle, L. ancilla.]

Defn: A maidservant; a handmaid. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANCIPITAL; ANCIPITOUS
An*cip"i*tal, An*cip"i*tous, a. Etym: [L. anceps, ancipitis, two-
headed, double; an- for amb- on both sides + caput head.] (Bot.)

Defn: Two-edged instead of round; -- said of certain flattened stems,
as those of blue grass, and rarely also of leaves.

ANCISTROID
An*cis"troid, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Hook-shaped.

ANCLE
An"cle, n.

Defn: See Ankle.

ANCOME
An"come, n. Etym: [AS. ancuman, oncuman, to come.]

Defn: A small ulcerous swelling, coming suddenly; also, a whitlow.
[Obs.] Boucher.

ANCON
An"con, n.; L. pl. Ancones. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The olecranon, or the elbow. Ancon sheep (Zoöl.), a breed of
sheep with short crooked legs and long back. It originated in
Massachusetts in 1791; -- called also the otter breed.

ANCON; ANCONE
An"con, An"cone, n. Etym: [See Ancon, above.] (Arch.)
(a) The corner or quoin of a wall, cross-beam, or rafter. [Obs.]
Gwilt.
(b) A bracket supporting a cornice; a console.

ANCONAL; ANCONEAL
An"co*nal, An*co"ne*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ancon or elbow. "The olecranon on
anconeal process." Flower.

ANCONEUS
An*co"ne*us, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. ancon elbow.] (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle of the elbow and forearm.

ANCONOID
An"co*noid, a.

Defn: Elbowlike; anconal.

ANCONY
An"co*ny, n. Etym: [Origin unknown.] (Iron Work)

Defn: A piece of malleable iron, wrought into the shape of a bar in
the middle, but unwrought at the ends.

-ANCY
-an*cy. Etym: [L. -antia.-]

Defn: A suffix expressing more strongly than -ance the idea of
quality or state; as, constancy, buoyancy, infancy.

AND
And, conj. Etym: [AS. and; akin to OS. endi, Icel. enda, OHG. anti,
enti, inti, unti, G. und, D. en, OD. ende. Cf, An if, Ante-.]

1. A particle which expresses the relation of connection or addition.
It is used to conjoin a word with a word, a clause with a clause, or
a sentence with a sentence.

Note: (a) It is sometimes used emphatically; as, "there are women and
women," that is, two very different sorts of women. (b) By a
rhetorical figure, notions, one of which is modificatory of the
other, are connected by and; as, "the tediousness and process of my
travel," that is, the tedious process, etc.; "thy fair and outward
character," that is, thy outwardly fair character, Schmidt's Shak.
Lex.

2. In order to; -- used instead of the infinitival to, especially
after try, come, go.
At least to try and teach the erring soul. Milton.

3. It is sometimes, in old songs, a mere expletive.
When that I was and a little tiny boy. Shak.

4. If; though. See An, conj. [Obs.] Chaucer.
As they will set an house on fire, and it were but to roast their
eggs. Bacon.
And so forth, and others; and the rest; and similar things; and other
things or ingredients. The abbreviation, etc. (et cetera), or &c., is
usually read and so forth.

ANDABATISM
An"da*ba*tism, n. Etym: [L. andabata a kind of Roman gladiator, who
fought hoodwinked.]

Defn: Doubt; uncertainty. [Obs.] Shelford.

ANDALUSITE
An`da*lu"site, n. (Min.)

Defn: A silicate of aluminium, occurring usually in thick rhombic
prisms, nearly square, of a grayish or pale reddish tint. It was
first discovered in Andalusia, Spain.

ANDANTE
An*dan"te, a. Etym: [It. andante, p. pr. of andare to go.] (Mus.)

Defn: Moving moderately slow, but distinct and flowing; quicker than
larghetto, and slower than allegretto.
 -- n.

Defn: A movement or piece in andante time.

ANDANTINO
An`dan*ti"no, a. Etym: [It., dim. of andante.] (Mus.)

Defn: Rather quicker than andante; between that allegretto.

Note: Some, taking andante in its original sense of "going," and
andantino as its diminutive, or "less going," define the latter as
slower than andante.

ANDARAC
An"da*rac, n. Etym: [A corruption of sandarac.]

Defn: Red orpiment. Coxe.

ANDEAN
An*de"an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the Andes.

ANDESINE
An"des*ine, n. (Min.)

Defn: A kind of triclinic feldspar found in the Andes.

ANDESITE
An"des*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: An eruptive rock allied to trachyte, consisting essentially of
a triclinic feldspar, with pyroxene, hornblende, or hypersthene.

ANDINE
An"dine, a.

Defn: Andean; as, Andine flora.

ANDIRON
And"i`ron, n. Etym: [OE. anderne, aunderne, aundyre, OF. andier, F.
landier, fr. LL. andena, andela, anderia, of unknown origin. The Eng.
was prob. confused with brand-iron, AS. brand-isen.]

Defn: A utensil for supporting wood when burning in a fireplace, one
being placed on each side; a firedog; as, a pair of andirons.

ANDRANATOMY
An`dra*nat"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. andranatomie. See Anatomy, Androtomy.]

Defn: The dissection of a human body, especially of a male;
androtomy. Coxe.

ANDROCEPHALOUS
An`dro*ceph"a*lous, a. [Gr. , , man +  head.]

Defn: Having a human head (upon an animal's body), as the Egyptian
sphinx.

ANDRODIOECIOUS; ANDRODIECIOUS
An`dro*di*o"cious, An`dro*di*e"cious, a. [Gr. , , man + E. diocious.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having perfect and staminate flowers on different plants. --
An`dro*di*o"cism, -di*e"cism (#), n.

ANDROECIUM
An*droe"ci*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (bot.)

Defn: The stamens of a flower taken collectively.

ANDROGYNE
An"dro*gyne, n.

1. An hermaphrodite.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: An androgynous plant. Whewell.

ANDROGYNOUS; ANDROGYNAL
An*drog"y*nous, An*drog"y*nal, a. Etym: [L. androgynus, Gr.
androgyne.]

1. Uniting both sexes in one, or having the characteristics of both;
being in nature both male and female; hermaphroditic. Owen.
The truth is, a great mind must be androgynous. Coleridge.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing both staminiferous and pistilliferous flowers in the
same cluster.

ANDROGYNY; ANDROGYNISM
An*drog"y*ny, An*drog"y*nism, n.

Defn: Union of both sexes in one individual; hermaphroditism.

ANDROID
An"droid, a.

Defn: Resembling a man.

ANDROID; ANDROIDES
An"droid, An*droi"des, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A machine or automaton in the form of a human being.

ANDROMEDA
An*drom"e*da, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Astron.)

Defn: A northern constellation, supposed to represent the mythical
Andromeda.

2. (bot.)

Defn: A genus of ericaceous flowering plants of northern climates, of
which the original species was found growing on a rock surrounded by
water.

ANDROMEDE; ANDROMED
An"dro*mede, An"dro*med, n. (Astron.)

Defn: A meteor appearing to radiate from a point in the constellation
Andromeda, -- whence the name.

 A shower of these meteors takes place every year on November 27th or
28th. The Andromedes are also called Bielids, as they are connected
with Biela's comet and move in its orbit.

ANDRON
An"dron, n. Etym: [L. andron, Gr. (Gr. & Rom. Arch.)

Defn: The apartment appropriated for the males. This was in the lower
part of the house.

ANDROPETALOUS
An`dro*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Produced by the conversion of the stamens into petals, as
double flowers, like the garden ranunculus. Brande.

ANDROPHAGI
An*droph"a*gi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Cannibals; man-eaters; anthropophagi. [R.]

ANDROPHAGOUS
An*droph"a*gous, a.

Defn: Anthropophagous.

ANDROPHORE
An"dro*phore, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A support or column on which stamens are raised. Gray.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The part which in some Siphonophora bears the male gonophores.

ANDROPOGON
An`dro*po"gon, n. [NL.; Gr. 'anh`r, 'andro`s, man + pw`gwn the
beard.] (Bot.)

Defn: A very large and important genus of grasses, found in nearly
all parts of the world. It includes the lemon grass of Ceylon and the
beard grass, or broom sedge, of the United States. The principal
subgenus is Sorghum, including  A. sorghum and A. halepensis, from
which have been derived the Chinese sugar cane, the Johnson grass,
the Aleppo grass, the broom corn, and the durra, or Indian millet.
Several East Indian species, as A. nardus and A. schonanthus, yield
fragrant oils, used in perfumery.

ANDROSPHINX
An"dro*sphinx, n. Etym: [Gr. (Egypt. Art.)

Defn: A man sphinx; a sphinx having the head of a man and the body of
a lion.

ANDROSPORE
An"dro*spore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A spore of some algæ, which has male functions.

ANDROTOMOUS
An*drot"o*mous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the filaments of the stamens divided into two parts.

ANDROTOMY
An*drot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. Anatomy.]

Defn: Dissection of the human body, as distinguished from zoötomy;
anthropotomy. [R.]

ANDROUS
*an"drous. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A terminal combining form: Having a stamen or stamens;
staminate; as, monandrous, with one stamen; polyandrous, with many
stamens.

ANEAR
A*near", prep. & adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + near.]

Defn: Near. [R.] "It did not come anear." Coleridge.
The measure of misery anear us. I. Taylor.

ANEAR
A*near", v. t. & i.

Defn: To near; to approach. [Archaic]

ANEATH
A*neath", prep. & adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + neath for beneath.]

Defn: Beneath. [Scot.]

ANECDOTAGE
An"ec*do`tage, n.

Defn: Anecdotes collectively; a collection of anecdotes.
All history, therefore, being built partly, and some of it
altogether, upon anecdotage, must be a tissue of lies. De Quincey.

ANECDOTAL
An"ec*do`tal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or abounding with, anecdotes; as, anecdotal
conversation.

ANECDOTE
An"ec*dote, n. Etym: [F. anecdote, fr. Gr. Dose, n.]

1. pl.

Defn: Unpublished narratives. Burke.

2. A particular or detached incident or fact of an interesting
nature; a biographical incident or fragment; a single passage of
private life.

ANECDOTIC; ANECDOTICAL
An`ec*dot"ic, An`ec*dot"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, consisting of, or addicted to, anecdotes.
"Anecdotical traditions." Bolingbroke.

ANECDOTIST
An"ec*do"tist, n.

Defn: One who relates or collects anecdotes.

ANELACE
An"e*lace, n.

Defn: Same as Anlace.

ANELE
A*nele", v. t. Etym: [OE. anelien; an on + AS. ele oil, L. oleum. See
Oil, Anoil.]

1. To anoint. Shipley.

2. To give extreme unction to. [Obs.] R. of Brunne.

ANELECTRIC
An`e*lec"tric, a. Etym: [Gr. electric.] (Physics)

Defn: Not becoming electrified by friction; -- opposed to
idioelectric.
 -- n.

Defn: A substance incapable of being electrified by friction.
Faraday.

ANELECTRODE
An`e*lec"trode, n. Etym: [Gr. electrode.] (Elec.)

Defn: The positive pole of a voltaic battery.

ANELECTROTONUS
An`e*lec*trot"o*nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. electrotonus.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The condition of decreased irritability of a nerve in the
region of the positive electrode or anode on the passage of a current
of electricity through it. Foster.

ANEMOGRAM
A*nem"o*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. -gram.]

Defn: A record made by an anemograph.

ANEMOGRAPH
A*nem"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring and recording the direction and
force of the wind. Knight.

ANEMOGRAPHIC
A*nem`o*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Produced by an anemograph; of or pertaining to anemography.

ANEMOGRAPHY
An`e*mog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

1. A description of the winds.

2. The art of recording the direction and force of the wind, as by
means of an anemograph.

ANEMOLOGY
An`e*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of the wind.

ANEMOMETER
An`e*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the force or velocity of the wind;
a wind gauge.

ANEMOMETRIC; ANEMOMETRICAL
An`e*mo*met"ric, An`e*mo*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anemometry.

ANEMOMETROGRAPH
An`e*mo*met"ro*graph, n. Etym: [Anemometer + -graph.]

Defn: An anemograph. Knight.

ANEMOMETRY
An`e*mom"e*try, n.

Defn: The act or process of ascertaining the force or velocity of the
wind.

ANEMONE
A*nem"o*ne, n. Etym: [L. anemone, Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the Ranunculus or Crowfoot family;
windflower. Some of the species are cultivated in gardens.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sea anemone. See Actinia, and Sea anemone.

Note: This word is sometimes pronounced , especially by classical
scholars.

ANEMONIC
An`e*mon"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: An acrid, poisonous, crystallizable substance, obtained from,
the anemone, or from anemonin.

ANEMONIN
A*nem"o*nin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An acrid, poisonous, crystallizable substance, obtained from
some species of anemone.

ANEMONY
A*nem"o*ny, n.

Defn: See Anemone. Sandys.

ANEMORPHILOUS
An`e*morph"i*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Fertilized by the agency of the wind; -- said of plants in
which the pollen is carried to the stigma by the wind; wind-
Fertilized. Lubbock.

ANEMOSCOPE
A*nem"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. anémoscope.]

Defn: An instrument which shows the direction of the wind; a wind
vane; a weathercock; -- usually applied to a contrivance consisting
of a vane above, connected in the building with a dial or index with
pointers to show the changes of the wind.

ANEMOSIS
An`e*mo"sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr. wind.]

Defn: A condition in the wood of some trees in which the rings are
separated, as some suppose, by the action of high winds upon the
trunk; wind shake.

ANENCEPHALIC; ANENCEPHALOUS
An*en`ce*phal"ic, An`en*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. Encephalon.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Without a brain; brainless. Todd & B.

ANENST; ANENT
A*nenst", A*nent", prep. Etym: [OE. anent, anentis, anence, anens,
anents, AS. onefen, onemn; an, on, on + efen even, equal; hence
meaning, on an equality with, even with, beside. See Even, a.] [Scot.
& Prov. Eng.]

1. Over against; as, he lives anent the church.

2. About; concerning; in respect; as, he said nothing anent this
particular.

ANENTEROUS
An*en"ter*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Destitute of a stomach or an intestine. Owen.

ANERGIA; ANERGY
An*er"gi*a, An"er*gy, n. [NL. anergia, fr. Gr. - not +  work.]

Defn: Lack of energy; inactivity. -- An*er"gic (#), a.

ANEROID
An"e*roid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid: cf. F. anéroïde.]

Defn: Containing no liquid; -- said of kind of barometer. Aneroid
barometer, a barometer the action of which depends on the varying
pressure of the atmosphere upon the elastic top of a metallic box
(shaped like a watch) from which the air has been exhausted. An index
shows the variation of pressure.

ANEROID
An"e*roid, n.

Defn: An aneroid barometer.

ANES
Anes, adv.

Defn: Once. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

ANESTHESIA; ANESTHETIC
An`es*the"si*a, n., An`es*thet"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Anæsthesia, Anæsthetic.

ANET
An"et, n. Etym: [F. aneth, fr. L. anethum, Gr. Anise.]

Defn: The herb dill, or dillseed.

ANETHOL
An"e*thol, n. Etym: [L. anethum (see Anise) + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A substance obtained from the volatile oils of anise, fennel,
etc., in the form of soft shining scales; -- called also anise
camphor. Watts.

ANETIC
A*net"ic, a. Etym: [L. aneticus, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Soothing.

ANEURISM
An"eu*rism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A soft, pulsating, hollow tumor, containing blood, arising from
the preternatural dilation or rupture of the coats of an artery.
[Written also aneurysm.]

ANEURISMAL
An`eu*ris"mal, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an aneurism; as, an aneurismal tumor;
aneurismal diathesis. [Written also aneurysmal.]

ANEW
A*new", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + new.]

Defn: Over again; another time; in a new form; afresh; as, to arm
anew; to create anew. Dryden.

ANFRACTUOSE
An*frac"tu*ose`, a. Etym: [See Anfractuous.]

Defn: Anfractuous; as, anfractuose anthers.

ANFRACTUOSITY
An*frac`tu*os"i*ty, n.; l. Anfractuosities. Etym: [Cf. F.
anfractuosité.]

1. A state of being anfractuous, or full of windings and turnings;
sinuosity.
The anfractuosities of his intellect and temper. Macaulay.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A sinuous depression or sulcus like those separating the
convolutions of the brain.

ANFRACTUOUS
An*frac"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. anfractuosus, fr. anfractus a turning, a
winding, fr. the unused anfringere to wind, bend; an-, for amb- +
fractus, p. p. of frangere to break: cf. F. anfractueux.]

Defn: Winding; full of windings and turnings; sinuous; tortuous; as,
the anfractuous spires of a born.
 -- An*frac"tu*ous*ness, n.

ANFRACTURE
An*frac"ture, n.

Defn: A mazy winding.

ANGARIATION
An*ga"ri*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. angariatio, fr. L. angaria service to
a lord, villenage, fr. anga, Gr.

Defn: Exaction of forced service; compulsion. [Obs.] Speed.

ANGEIOLOGY; ANGEIOTOMY
An`gei*ol"o*gy, n., An`gei*ot"o*my, etc.

Defn: Same as Angiology, Angiotomy, etc.

ANGEL
An"gel, n. Etym: [AS. æangel, engel, influenced by OF. angele, angle,
F. ange. Both the AS. and the OF. words are from L. angelus, Gr.

1. A messenger. [R.]
The dear good angel of the Spring, The nightingale. B. Jonson.

2. A spiritual, celestial being, superior to man in power and
intelligence. In the Scriptures the angels appear as God's
messengers.
O, welcome, pure-eyed Faith, white-handed Hope, Thou hovering angel,
girt with golden wings. Milton.

3. One of a class of "fallen angels;" an evil spirit; as, the devil
and his angels.

4. A minister or pastor of a church, as in the Seven Asiatic
churches. [Archaic]
Unto-the angel of the church of Ephesus write. Rev. ii. 1.

5. Attendant spirit; genius; demon. Shak.

6. An appellation given to a person supposed to be of angelic
goodness or loveliness; a darling.
When pain and anguish wring the brow. Sir W. Scott.

7. (Numis.)

Defn: An ancient gold coin of England, bearing the figure of the
archangel Michael. It varied in value from 6s. 8d. to 10s. Amer. Cyc.

Note: Angel is sometimes used adjectively; as, angel grace; angel
whiteness. Angel bed, a bed without posts.
 -- Angel fish. (Zoöl.) (a) A species of shark (Squatina angelus)
from six to eight feet long, found on the coasts of Europe and North
America. It takes its name from its pectoral fins, which are very
large and extend horizontally like wings when spread. (b) One of
several species of compressed, bright colored fishes warm seas,
belonging to the family, Chætodontidæ.
 -- Angel gold, standard gold. [Obs.] Fuller.
 -- Angel shark. See Angel fish.
 -- Angel shot (Mil.), a kind of chain shot.
 -- Angel water, a perfumed liquid made at first chiefly from
angelica; afterwards containing rose, myrtle, and orange-flower
waters, with ambergris, etc. [Obs.]

ANGELAGE
An"gel*age, n.

Defn: Existence or state of angels.

ANGELET
An"gel*et, n. Etym: [OF. angelet.]

Defn: A small gold coin formerly current in England; a half angel.
Eng. Cyc.

ANGEL FISH
An"gel fish.

Defn: See under Angel.

ANGELHOOD
An"gel*hood, n.

Defn: The state of being an angel; angelic nature. Mrs. Browning.

ANGELIC; ANGELICAL
An*gel"ic, An*gel"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. angelicus, Gr. angélique.]

Defn: Belonging to, or proceeding from, angels; resembling,
characteristic of, or partaking of the nature of, an angel; heavenly;
divine. "Angelic harps." Thomson."Angelical actions." Hooker.
The union of womanly tenderness and angelic patience. Macaulay.
Angelic Hymn, a very ancient hymn of the Christian Church; -- so
called from its beginning with the song of the heavenly host recorded
in Luke ii. 14. Eadie.

ANGELIC
An*gel"ic, a. Etym: [From Angelica.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or derived from angelica; as, angelic acid; angelic ether.
Angelic acid, an acid obtained from angelica and some other plants.

ANGELICA
An*gel"i*ca, n. Etym: [NL. See Angelic.] (Bot.)

1. An aromatic umbelliferous plant (Archangelica officinalis or
Angelica archangelica) the leaf stalks of which are sometimes candied
and used in confectionery, and the roots and seeds as an aromatic
tonic.

2. The candied leaf stalks of angelica. Angelica tree, a thorny North
American shrub (Aralia spinosa), called also Hercules' club.

ANGELICALLY
An*gel"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Like an angel.

ANGELICALNESS
An*gel"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being angelic; excellence more than human.

ANGELIFY
An*gel"i*fy, v. t.

Defn: To make like an angel; to angelize. [Obs.] Farindon (1647).

ANGELIZE
An"gel*ize, v. t.

Defn: To raise to the state of an angel; to render angelic.
It ought not to be our object to angelize, nor to brutalize, but to
humanize man. W. Taylor.

ANGELLIKE
An"gel*like`, a. & adv.

Defn: Resembling an angel.

ANGELOLATRY
An`gel*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Worship paid to angels.

ANGELOLOGY
An`gel*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. angelus, Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A discourse on angels, or a body of doctrines in regard to
angels.
The same mythology commanded the general consent; the same
angelology, demonology. Milman.

ANGELOPHANY
An`gel*oph"a*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The actual appearance of an angel to man.

ANGELOT
An"ge*lot, n. Etym: [F. angelot, LL. angelotus, angellotus, dim. of
angelus. See Angel.]

1. A French gold coin of the reign of Louis XI., bearing the image of
St. Michael; also, a piece coined at Paris by the English under Henry
VI. [Obs.]

2. An instrument of music, of the lute kind, now disused. Johnson. R.
Browning.

3. A sort of small, rich cheese, made in Normandy.

ANGELUS
An"ge*lus, n. Etym: [L.] (R. C. Ch.)
(a) A form of devotion in which three Ave Marias are repeated. It is
said at morning, noon, and evening, at the sound of a bell.
(b) The Angelus bell. Shipley.

ANGER
An"ger, n. Etym: [OE. anger, angre, affliction, anger, fr. Icel. angr
affliction, sorrow; akin to Dan. anger regret, Swed. ånger regret,
AS. ange oppressed, sad, L. angor a strangling, anguish, angere to
strangle, Gr. amhas pain, and to. anguish, anxious, quinsy, and perh.
awe, ugly. The word seems to have orig. meant to choke, squeeze.

1. Trouble; vexation; also, physical pain or smart of a sore, etc.
[Obs.]
I made the experiment, setting the moxa where . . . the greatest
anger and soreness still continued. Temple.

2. A strong passion or emotion of displeasure or antagonism, excited
by a real or supposed injury or insult to one's self or others, or by
the intent to do such injury.
Anger is like A full hot horse, who being allowed his way, Self-
mettle tires him. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Resentment; wrath; rage; fury; passion; ire gall; choler;
indignation; displeasure; vexation; grudge; spleen.
 -- Anger, Indignation, Resentment, Wrath, Ire, Rage, Fury. Anger is
a feeling of keen displeasure (usually with a desire to punish) for
what we regard as wrong toward ourselves or others. It may be
excessive or misplaced, but is not necessarily criminal. Indignation
is a generous outburst of anger in view of things which are indigna,
or unworthy to be done, involving what is mean, cruel, flagitious,
etc., in character or conduct. Resentment is often a moody feeling,
leading one to brood over his supposed personal wrongs with a deep
and lasting anger. See Resentment. Wrath and ire (the last poetical)
express the feelings of one who is bitterly provoked. Rage is a
vehement ebullition of anger; and fury is an excess of rage,
amounting almost to madness. Warmth of constitution often gives rise
to anger; a high sense of honor creates indignation at crime; a man
of quick sensibilities is apt to cherish resentment; the wrath and
ire of men are often connected with a haughty and vindictive spirit;
rage and fury are distempers of the soul to be regarded only with
abhorrence.

ANGER
An"ger, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Angered; p. pr. & vb. n. Angering.] Etym:
[Cf. Icel. angra.]

1. To make painful; to cause to smart; to inflame. [Obs.]
He . . . angereth malign ulcers. Bacon.

2. To excite to anger; to enrage; to provoke.
Taxes and impositions . . . which rather angered than grieved the
people. Clarendon.

ANGERLY
An"ger*ly, adv.

Defn: Angrily. [Obs. or Poetic]
Why, how now, Hecate! you look angerly. Shak.

ANGEVINE
An"ge*vine, a. Etym: [F. Angevin.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Anjou in France.
 -- n. A native of Anjou.

ANGIENCHYMA
An`gi*en"chy*ma, n. Etym: [Gr. Parenchyma.] (Bot.)

Defn: Vascular tissue of plants, consisting of spiral vessels,
dotted, barred, and pitted ducts, and laticiferous vessels.

ANGINA
An*gi"na, n. Etym: [L., fr. angere to strangle, to choke. See Anger,
n.] (Med.)

Defn: Any inflammatory affection of the throat or faces, as the
quinsy, malignant sore throat, croup, etc., especially such as tends
to produce suffocation, choking, or shortness of breath. Angina
pectoris, a peculiarly painful disease, so named from a sense of
suffocating contraction or tightening of the lower part of the chest;
-- called also breast pang, spasm of the chest.

ANGINOUS; ANGINOSE
An"gi*nous, An"gi*nose`, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to angina or angina pectoris.

ANGIO-
An"gi*o-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A prefix, or combining form, in numerous compounds, usually
relating to seed or blood vessels, or to something contained in, or
covered by, a vessel.

ANGIOCARPOUS
An`gi*o*car"pous, a. Etym: [Angio- + Gr. (Bot.)
(a) Having fruit inclosed within a covering that does not form a part
of itself; as, the filbert covered by its husk, or the acorn seated
in its cupule. Brande & C.
(b) Having the seeds or spores covered, as in certain lichens. Gray.

ANGIOGRAPHY
An`gi*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Angio- + -graphy: cf. F. angiographie.]
(Anat.)

Defn: A description of blood vessels and lymphatics.

ANGIOLOGY
An`gi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Angio- + -logy.] (Anat.)

Defn: That part of anatomy which treats of blood vessels and
lymphatics.

ANGIOMA
An`gi*o"ma, n. Etym: [ + -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A tumor composed chiefly of dilated blood vessels.

ANGIOMONOSPERMOUS
An`gi*o*mon`o*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Angio- + monospermous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Producing one seed only in a seed pod.

ANGIONEUROSIS
An`gi*o*neu*ro"sis, n. [NL.; angio- + neurosis.] (Med.)

Defn: Any disorder of the vasomotor system; neurosis of a blood
vessel. --An`gi*o*neu*rot"ic (#), a.

ANGIOPATHY
An`gi*op"a*thy, n.  [Angio- + Gr.  disease.] (Med.)

Defn: Disease of the vessels, esp. the blood vessels.

ANGIOSCOPE
An"gi*o*scope, n. Etym: [Angio- + -scope.]

Defn: An instrument for examining the capillary vessels of animals
and plants. Morin.

ANGIOSPERM
An"gi*o*sperm, n. Etym: [Angio- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant which has its seeds inclosed in a pericarp.

Note: The term is restricted to exogenous plants, and applied to one
of the two grand divisions of these species, the other division
including gymnosperms, or those which have naked seeds. The oak,
apple, beech, etc., are angiosperms, while the pines, spruce,
hemlock, and the allied varieties, are gymnosperms.

ANGIOSPERMATOUS
An`gi*o*sper"ma*tous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Angiospermous.

ANGIOSPERMOUS
An`gi*o*sper"mous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having seeds inclosed in a pod or other pericarp.

ANGIOSPOROUS
An`gi*os"po*rous, a. Etym: [Angio- + spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having spores contained in cells or thecæ, as in the case of
some fungi.

ANGIOSTOMOUS
An`gi*os"to*mous, a. Etym: [Angio- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: With a narrow mouth, as the shell of certain gastropods.

ANGIOTOMY
An`gi*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [Angio- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Dissection of the blood vessels and lymphatics of the body.
Dunglison.

ANGLE
An"gle, n. Etym: [F. angle, L. angulus angle, corner; akin to uncus
hook, Gr. angel hook, fish-hook, G. angel, and F. anchor.]

1. The inclosed space near the point where two lines; a corner; a
nook.
Into the utmost angle of the world. Spenser.
To search the tenderest angles of the heart. Milton.

2. (Geom.)
(a) The figure made by. two lines which meet.
(b) The difference of direction of two lines. In the lines meet, the
point of meeting is the vertex of the angle.

3. A projecting or sharp corner; an angular fragment.
Though but an angle reached him of the stone. Dryden.

4. (Astrol.)

Defn: A name given to four of the twelve astrological "houses."
[Obs.] Chaucer.

5. Etym: [AS. angel.]

Defn: A fishhook; tackle for catching fish, consisting of a line,
hook, and bait, with or without a rod.
Give me mine angle: we 'll to the river there. Shak.
A fisher next his trembling angle bears. Pope.
Acute angle, one less than a right angle, or less than 90º.
 -- Adjacent or Contiguous angles, such as have one leg common to
both angles.
 -- Alternate angles. See Alternate.
 -- Angle bar. (a) (Carp.) An upright bar at the angle where two
faces of a polygonal or bay window meet. Knight. (b) (Mach.) Same as
Angle iron.
 -- Angle bead (Arch.), a bead worked on or fixed to the angle of any
architectural work, esp. for protecting an angle of a wall.
 -- Angle brace, Angle tie (Carp.), a brace across an interior angle
of a wooden frame, forming the hypothenuse and securing the two side
pieces together. Knight.
 -- Angle iron (Mach.), a rolled bar or plate of iron having one or
more angles, used for forming the corners, or connecting or
sustaining the sides of an iron structure to which it is riveted.
 -- Angle leaf (Arch.), a detail in the form of a leaf, more or less
conventionalized, used to decorate and sometimes to strengthen an
angle.
 -- Angle meter, an instrument for measuring angles, esp. for
ascertaining the dip of strata.
 -- Angle shaft (Arch.), an enriched angle bead, often having a
capital or base, or both.
 -- Curvilineal angle, one formed by two curved lines.
 -- External angles, angles formed by the sides of any right-lined
figure, when the sides are produced or lengthened.
 -- Facial angle. See under Facial.
 -- Internal angles, those which are within any right-lined figure.
 -- Mixtilineal angle, one formed by a right line with a curved line.
 -- Oblique angle, one acute or obtuse, in opposition to a right
angle.
 -- Obtuse angle, one greater than a right angle, or more than 90º.
 -- Optic angle. See under Optic.
 -- Rectilineal or Right-lined angle, one formed by two right lines.
 -- Right angle, one formed by a right line falling on another
perpendicularly, or an angle of 90º (measured by a quarter circle).
 -- Solid angle, the figure formed by the meeting of three or more
plane angles at one point.
 -- Spherical angle, one made by the meeting of two arcs of great
circles, which mutually cut one another on the surface of a globe or
sphere.
 -- Visual angle, the angle formed by two rays of light, or two
straight lines drawn from the extreme points of an object to the
center of the eye.
 -- For Angles of commutation, draught, incidence, reflection,
refraction, position, repose, fraction, see Commutation, Draught,
Incidence, Reflection, Refraction, etc.

ANGLE
An"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Angled; p. pr. & vb. n. Angling.]

1. To fish with an angle (fishhook), or with hook and line.

2. To use some bait or artifice; to intrigue; to scheme; as, to angle
for praise.
The hearts of all that he did angle for. Shak.

ANGLE
An"gle, v. t.

Defn: To try to gain by some insinuating artifice; to allure. [Obs.]
"He angled the people's hearts." Sir P. Sidney.

ANGLED
An"gled, a.

Defn: Having an angle or angles; -- used in compounds; as, right-
angled, many-angled, etc.
The thrice three-angled beechnut shell. Bp. Hall.

ANGLEMETER
An"gle*me`ter, n. Etym: [Angle + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument to measure angles, esp. one used by geologists to
measure the dip of strata.

ANGLE OF ENTRY
An"gle of en"try. (Aëronautics)

Defn: The angle between the tangent to the advancing edge (of an
aërocurve) and the line of motion; -- contrasted with angle of trail,
which is the angle between the tangent to the following edge and the
line of motion.

ANGLE OF INCIDENCE
Angle of incidence. (Aëronautics)

Defn: The angle between the chord of an aërocurve and the relative
direction of the undisturbed air current.

ANGLER
An"gler, n.

1. One who angles.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish (Lophius piscatorius), of Europe and America, having a
large, broad, and depressed head, with the mouth very large. Peculiar
appendages on the head are said to be used to entice fishes within
reach. Called also fishing frog, frogfish, toadfish, goosefish,
allmouth, monkfish, etc.

ANGLES
An"gles, n. pl. Etym: [L. Angli. See Anglican.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: An ancient Low German tribe, that settled in Britain, which
came to be called Engla-land (Angleland or England). The Angles
probably came from the district of Angeln (now within the limits of
Schleswig), and the country now Lower Hanover, etc.

ANGLESITE
An"gle*site, n. Etym: [From the Isle of Anglesea.] (Min.)

Defn: A native sulphate of lead. It occurs in white or yellowish
transparent, prismatic crystals.

ANGLEWISE
An"gle*wise`, adv. Etym: [Angle + wise, OE. wise manner.]

Defn: In an angular manner; angularly.

ANGLEWORM
An"gle*worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A earthworm of the genus Lumbricus, frequently used by anglers
for bait. See Earthworm.

ANGLIAN
An"gli*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Angles.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Angles.

ANGLIC
An"glic, a.

Defn: Anglian.

ANGLICAN
An"gli*can, a. Etym: [Angli the Angles, a Germanic tribe in Lower
Germany. Cf. English.]

1. English; of or pertaining to England or the English nation;
especially, pertaining to, or connected with, the established church
of England; as, the Anglican church, doctrine, orders, ritual, etc.

2. Pertaining to, characteristic of, or held by, the high church
party of the Church of England.

ANGLICAN
An"gli*can, n.

1. A member of the Church of England.
Whether Catholics, Anglicans, or Calvinists. Burke.

2. In a restricted sense, a member of the High Church party, or of
the more advanced ritualistic section, in the Church of England.

ANGLICANISM
An"gli*can*ism, n.

1. Strong partiality to the principles and rites of the Church of
England.

2. The principles of the established church of England; also, in a
restricted sense, the doctrines held by the high-church party.

3. Attachment to England or English institutions.

ANGLICE
An"gli*ce, adv. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: In English; in the English manner; as, Livorno, Anglice
Leghorn.

ANGLICIFY
An*glic"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [NL. Anglicus English + -fly.]

Defn: To anglicize. [R.]

ANGLICISM
An"gli*cism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. anglicisme.]

1. An English idiom; a phrase or form language peculiar to the
English. Dryden.

2. The quality of being English; an English characteristic, custom,
or method.

ANGLICITY
An*glic"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being English.

ANGLICIZATION
An`gli*ci*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of anglicizing, or making English in character.

ANGLICIZE
An"gli*cize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anglicized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Anglicizing.]

Defn: To make English; to English; to anglify; render conformable to
the English idiom, or to English analogies.

ANGLIFY
An"gli*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anglified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Anglifying.] Etym: [L. Angli + -fly.]

Defn: To convert into English; to anglicize. Franklin. Darwin.

ANGLING
An"gling, n.

Defn: The act of one who angles; the art of fishing with rod and
line. Walton.

ANGLO-
An"glo- Etym: [NL. Anglus English. See Anglican.]

Defn: A combining form meaning the same as English; or English and,
or English conjoined with; as, Anglo-Turkish treaty, Anglo-German,
Anglo-Irish. Anglo-American, . Of or pertaining to the English and
Americans, or to the descendants of Englishmen in America.
 -- n. A descendant from English ancestors born in America, or the
United States. Anglo-Danish, a. Of or pertaining to the English and
Danes, or to the Danes who settled in England. Anglo-Indian, a. Of or
pertaining to the English in India, or to the English and East Indian
peoples or languages.
 -- n. One of the Anglo-Indian race born or resident in the East
Indies. Anglo-Norman, a. Of or pertaining to the English and Normans,
or to the Normans who settled in England.
 -- n. One of the English Normans, or the Normans who conquered
England. Anglo-Saxon. See Anglo-Saxon in the Vocabulary.

ANGLO-CATHOLIC
An"glo-Cath"o*lic, a.,

Defn: Of or pertaining to a church modeled on the English
Reformation; Anglican; -- sometimes restricted to the ritualistic or
High Church section of the Church of England.

ANGLO-CATHOLIC
An"glo-Cath"o*lic, n.

Defn: A member of the Church of England who contends for its catholic
character; more specifically, a High Churchman.

ANGLO-CATHOLICISM
An"glo-Ca*thol"i*cism, n.

Defn: The belief of those in the Church of England who accept many
doctrines and practices which they maintain were those of the
primitive, or true, Catholic Church, of which they consider the
Church of England to be the lineal descendant.

ANGLOMANIA
An"glo*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Anglo'cf + mania.]

Defn: A mania for, or an inordinate attachment to, English customs,
institutions, etc.

ANGLOMANIAC
An`glo*ma"ni*ac, n.

Defn: One affected with Anglomania.

ANGLOPHOBIA
An`glo*pho"bi*a, n. Etym: [Anglo- + Gr.

Defn: Intense dread of, or aversion to, England or the English.
 -- An"glo*phobe, n.

ANGLO-SAXON
An"glo-Sax"on, n. Etym: [L. Angli-Saxones English Saxons.]

1. A Saxon of Britain, that is, an English Saxon, or one the Saxons
who settled in England, as distinguished from a continental (or
"Old") Saxon.

2. pl.

Defn: The Teutonic people (Angles, Saxons, Jutes) of England, or the
English people, collectively, before the Norman Conquest.
It is quite correct to call Æthelstan "King of the Anglo-Saxons," but
to call this or that subject of Æthelstan "an Anglo-Saxon" is simply
nonsense. E. A. Freeman.

3. The language of the English people before the Conquest (sometimes
called Old English). See Saxon.

4. One of the race or people who claim descent from the Saxons,
Angles, or other Teutonic tribes who settled in England; a person of
English descent in its broadest sense.

ANGLO-SAXON
An"glo-Sax"on, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Anglo-Saxons or their language.

ANGLO-SAXONDOM
An"glo-Sax"on*dom, n.

Defn: The Anglo-Saxon domain (i. e., Great Britain and the United
States, etc.); the Anglo-Saxon race.

ANGLO-SAXONISM
An"glo-Sax"on*ism, n.

1. A characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon race; especially, a word or an
idiom of the Anglo-Saxon tongue. M. Arnold.

2. The quality or sentiment of being Anglo-Saxon, or English in its
ethnological sense.

ANGOLA
An*go"la, n. Etym: [A corruption of Angora.]

Defn: A fabric made from the wool of the Angora goat.

ANGOLA PEA
An*go"la pea`. (Bot.)

Defn: A tropical plant (Cajanus indicus) and its edible seed, a kind
of pulse; -- so called from Angola in Western Africa. Called also
pigeon pea and Congo pea.

ANGOR
An"gor, n. Etym: [L. See Anger.] (Med.)

Defn: Great anxiety accompanied by painful constriction at the upper
part of the belly, often with palpitation and oppression.

ANGORA
An*go"ra, n.

Defn: A city of Asia Minor (or Anatolia) which has given its name to
a goat, a cat, etc. Angora cat (Zoöl.), a variety of the domestic cat
with very long and silky hair, generally of the brownish white color.
Called also Angola cat. See Cat.
 -- Angora goat (Zoöl.), a variety of the domestic goat, reared for
its long silky hair, which is highly prized for manufacture.

ANGOSTURA BARK
An`gos*tu"ra bark". Etym: [From Angostura, in Venezuela.]

Defn: An aromatic bark used as a tonic, obtained from a South
American of the rue family (Galipea cusparia, or officinalis). U. S.
Disp.

ANGOUMOIS MOTH
An`gou`mois" moth". Etym: [So named from Angoumois in France.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A small moth (Gelechia cerealella) which is very destructive to
wheat and other grain. The larva eats out the inferior of the grain,
leaving only the shell.

ANGRILY
An"gri*ly, adv.

Defn: In an angry manner; under the influence of anger.

ANGRINESS
An"gri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being angry, or of being inclined to anger.
Such an angriness of humor that we take fire at everything. Whole
Duty of Man.

ANGRY
An"gry, a. [Compar. Angrier; superl. Angriest.] Etym: [See Anger.]

1. Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [Obs.]
God had provided a severe and angry education to chastise the
forwardness of a young spirit. Jer. Taylor.

2. Inflamed and painful, as a sore.

3. Touched with anger; under the emotion of anger; feeling
resentment; enraged; -- followed generally by with before a person,
and at before a thing.
Be not grieved, nor angry with yourselves. Gen. xlv. 5.
Wherefore should God be angry at thy voice Eccles. v. 6.

4. Showing anger; proceeding from anger; acting as if moved by anger;
wearing the marks of anger; as, angry words or tones; an angry sky;
angry waves. "An angry countenance." Prov. xxv. 23.

5. Red. [R.]
Sweet rose, whose hue, angry and brave. Herbert.

6. Sharp; keen; stimulated. [R.]
I never ate with angrier appetite. Tennyson.

Syn.
 -- Passionate; resentful; irritated; irascible; indignant; provoked;
enraged; incensed; exasperated; irate; hot; raging; furious;
wrathful; wroth; choleric; inflamed; infuriated.

ANGUIFORM
An"gui*form, a. Etym: [L. angius snake + -form.]

Defn: Snake-shaped.

ANGUILLIFORM
An*guil"li*form, a. Etym: [L. anguilla eel (dim. of anguis snake) + -
form.]

Defn: Eel-shaped.

Note: The "Anguillæformes" of Cuvier are fishes related to thee eel.

ANGUINE
An"guine, a. Etym: [L. anguinus, fr. anguis snake.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a snake or serpent. "The
anguine or snakelike reptiles." Owen.

ANGUINEAL
An*guin"e*al, a.

Defn: Anguineous.

ANGUINEOUS
An*guin"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. anguineus.]

Defn: Snakelike.

ANGUISH
An"guish, n. Etym: [OE. anguishe, anguise, angoise, F. angoisse, fr.
L. angustia narrowness, difficulty, distress, fr. angustus narrow,
difficult, fr. angere to press together. See Anger.]

Defn: Extreme pain, either of body or mind; excruciating distress.
But they hearkened not unto Moses for anguish of spirit, and for
cruel bondage. Ex. vi. 9.
Anguish as of her that bringeth forth her first child. Jer. iv. 31.

Note: Rarely used in the plural: -
Ye miserable people, you must go to God in anguishes, and make your
prayer to him. Latimer.

Syn.
 -- Agony; pang; torture; torment. See Agony.

ANGUISH
An"guish, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. angoisser, fr. L. angustiare.]

Defn: To distress with extreme pain or grief. [R.] Temple.

ANGULAR
An"gu*lar, a. Etym: [L. angularis, fr. angulus angle, corner. See
Angle.]

1. Relating to an angle or to angles; having an angle or angles;
forming an angle or corner; sharp-cornered; pointed; as, an angular
figure.

2. Measured by an angle; as, angular distance.

3. Fig.: Lean; lank; raw-boned; ungraceful; sharp and stiff in
character; as, remarkably angular in his habits and appearance; an
angular female. Angular aperture, Angular distance. See Aperture,
Distance.
 -- Angular motion, the motion of a body about a fixed point or fixed
axis, as of a planet or pendulum. It is equal to the angle passed
over at the point or axis by a line drawn to the body.
 -- Angular point, the point at which the sides of the angle meet;
the vertex.
 -- Angular velocity, the ratio of anuglar motion to the time
employed in describing.

ANGULAR
An"gu*lar, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A bone in the base of the lower jaw of many birds, reptiles,
and fishes.

ANGULARITY
An`gu*lar"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being angular; angularness.

ANGULARLY
An"gu*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In an angular manner; with of at angles or corners. B. Jonson.

ANGULARNESS
An"gu*lar*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being angular.

ANGULATE
An"gu*late, v. t.

Defn: To make angular.

ANGULATE; ANGULATED
An"gu*late, An"gu*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. angulatus, p. p. of angulare
to make angular.]

Defn: Having angles or corners; angled; as, angulate leaves.

ANGULATION
An`gu*la"tion, n.

Defn: A making angular; angular formation. Huxley.

ANGULO-DENTATE
An"gu*lo-den"tate(#), a.. Etym: [L. angulus angle + dens, dentis,
tooth.] (Bot.)

Defn: Angularly toothed, as certain leaves.

ANGULOMETER
An"gu*lom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. angulus angle + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring external angles.

ANGULOSE
An"gu*lose`, a.

Defn: Angulous. [R.]

ANGULOSITY
An`gu*los"i*ty, n.

Defn: A state of being angulous or angular. [Obs.]

ANGULOUS
An"gu*lous, a. Etym: [L. angulosus: cf. F. anguleux.]

Defn: Angular; having corners; hooked. [R.]
Held together by hooks and angulous involutions. Glanvill.

ANGUST
An*gust", a. Etym: [L. angustus. See Anguish.]

Defn: Narrow; strait. [Obs.]

ANGUSTATE
An*gus"tate, a. Etym: [L. angustatus, p. p. of angustare to make
narrow.]

Defn: Narrowed.

ANGUSTATION
An`gus*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act or making narrow; a straitening or contacting. Wiseman.

ANGUSTICLAVE
An*gus"ti*clave (an*gus"ti*klav), n. [L. angustus narrow + clavus a
nail, a stripe.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A narrow stripe of purple worn by the equites on each side of
the tunic as a sign of rank.

ANGUSTIFOLIATE; ANGUSTIFOLIOUS
An*gus`ti*fo"li*ate, An*gus`ti*fo"li*ous, a. Etym: [L. angustus
narrow (see Anguish) + folium leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having narrow leaves. Wright.

ANGUSTURA BARK
An`gus*tu"ra bark`.

Defn: See Angostura bark.

ANGWANTIBO
An`gwan*ti"bo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small lemuroid mammal (Arctocebus Calabarensis) of Africa. It
has only a rudimentary tail.

ANHANG
An*hang", v. t. Etym: [AS. onhangian.]

Defn: To hang. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANHARMONIC
An`har*mon"ic, a. Etym: [F. anharmonique, fr. Gr. (Math.)

Defn: Not harmonic. The anharmonic function or ratio of four points
abcd on a straight line is the quantity (ac/ad):(bc/bd), where the
segments are to regarded as plus or minus, according to the order of
the letters.

ANHELATION
An`he*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. anhelatio, fr. anhelare to pant; an
(perh. akin to E. on) + halare to breathe: cf. F. anhélation.]

Defn: Short and rapid breathing; a panting; asthma. Glanvill.

ANHELE
An*hele", v. i. Etym: [Cf. OF. aneler, anheler. See Anhelation.]

Defn: To pant; to be breathlessly anxious or eager (for). [Obs.]
They anhele . . . for the fruit of our convocation. Latimer.

ANHELOSE
An"he*lose, a.

Defn: Anhelous; panting. [R.]

ANHELOUS
An*he"lous, a. Etym: [L. anhelus.]

Defn: Short of breath; panting.

ANHIMA
An"hi*ma, n. Etym: [Brazilian name.]

Defn: A South American aquatic bird; the horned screamer or kamichi
(Palamedea cornuta). See Kamichi.

ANHINGA
An*hin"ga, n. Etym: [Pg.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An aquatic bird of the southern United States (Platus anhinga);
the darter, or snakebird.

ANHISTOUS
An*his"tous, a. Etym: [Gr. anhiste.] (Biol.)

Defn: Without definite structure; as, an anhistous membrane.

ANHUNGERED
An*hun"gered, a.

Defn: Ahungered; longing. [Archaic]

ANHYDRIDE
An*hy"dride, n. Etym: [See Anhydrous.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oxide of a nonmetallic body or an organic radical, capable
of forming an acid by uniting with the elements of water; -- so
called because it may be formed from an acid by the abstraction of
water.

ANHYDRITE
An*hy"drite, n. Etym: [See Anhydrous.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a white a slightly bluish color, usually massive.
It is anhydrous sulphate of lime, and differs from gypsum in not
containing water (whence the name).

ANHYDROUS
An*hy"drous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Destitute of water; as, anhydrous salts or acids.

ANI; ANO
A"ni or A"no, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A black bird of tropical America, the West Indies and Florida
(Crotophaga ani), allied to the cuckoos, and remarkable for
communistic nesting.

ANICUT; ANNICUT
An"i*cut, An"ni*cut, n. Etym: [Tamil anai kattu dam building.]

Defn: A dam or mole made in the course of a stream for the purpose of
regulating the flow of a system of irrigation. [India] Brande & C.

ANIDIOMATIC; ANIDIOMATICAL; UNIDIOMATIC; UNIDIOMATICAL
An*id`io*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. idiomatical.]

Defn: Not idiomatic. [R.] Landor.

ANIENT; ANIENTISE
An"i*ent, An`i*en"tise, v. t. Etym: [OF. anientir, F. anéantir.]

Defn: To frustrate; to bring to naught; to annihilate. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

ANIGH
A*nigh", prep. & adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + nigh.]

Defn: Nigh. [Archaic]

ANIGHT; ANIGHTS
A*night", A*nights", adv. Etym: [OE. on niht.]

Defn: In the night time; at night. [Archaic]
Does he hawk anights still Marston.

ANIL
An"il, n. Etym: [F. anil, Sp. anil, or Pg. anil; all fr. Ar. an-nil,
for al-nil the indigo plant, fr. Skr. nila dark blue, nili indigo,
indigo plant. Cf. Lilac.] (Bot.)

Defn: A West Indian plant (Indigofera anil), one of the original
sources of indigo; also, the indigo dye.

ANILE
An"ile, a. Etym: [L. anilis, fr. anus an old woman.]

Defn: Old-womanish; imbecile. "Anile ideas." Walpole.

ANILENESS
An"ile*ness, n.

Defn: Anility. [R.]

ANILIC
An*il"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, anil; indigotic; -- applied to
an acid formed by the action of nitric acid on indigo. [R.]

ANILIDE
An"i*lide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of compounds which may be regarded as amides in
which more or less of the hydrogen has been replaced by phenyl.

ANILINE
An"i*line, n. Etym: [See Anil.] (Chem.)

Defn: An organic base belonging to the phenylamines. It may be
regarded as ammonia in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced by
the radical phenyl. It is a colorless, oily liquid, originally
obtained from indigo by distillation, but now largely manufactured
from coal tar or nitrobenzene as a base from which many brilliant
dyes are made.

ANILINE
An"i*line, a.

Defn: Made from, or of the nature of, aniline.

ANILINISM
An"i*lin*ism, n.  [Aniline + -ism.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease due to inhaling the poisonous fumes present in the
manufacture of aniline.

ANILITY
A*nil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. anilitas. See Anile.]

Defn: The state of being and old woman; old-womanishness; dotage.
"Marks of anility." Sterne.

ANIMADVERSAL
An`i*mad*ver"sal, n.

Defn: The faculty of perceiving; a percipient. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

ANIMADVERSION
An`i*mad*ver"sion, n. Etym: [L. animadversio, fr. animadvertere: cf.
F. animadversion. See Animadvert.]

1. The act or power of perceiving or taking notice; direct or simple
perception. [Obs.]
The soul is the sole percipient which hath animadversion and sense,
properly so called. Glanvill.

2. Monition; warning. [Obs.] Clarendon.

3. Remarks by way of criticism and usually of censure; adverse
criticism; reproof; blame.
He dismissed their commissioners with severe and sharp
animadversions. Clarendon.

4. Judicial cognizance of an offense; chastisement; punishment.
[Archaic] "Divine animadversions." Wesley.

Syn.
 -- Stricture; criticism; censure; reproof; blame; comment.

ANIMADVERSIVE
An`i*mad*ver"sive, a.

Defn: Having the power of perceiving; percipient. [Archaic] Glanvill.
I do not mean there is a certain number of ideas glaring and shining
to the animadversive faculty. Coleridge.

ANIMADVERT
An`i*mad*vert", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Animadverted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Animadverting.] Etym: [L. animadvertere; animus mind + advertere to
turn to; ad to + vertere to turn.]

1. To take notice; to observe; -- commonly followed by that. Dr. H.
More.

2. To consider or remark by way of criticism or censure; to express
censure; -- with on or upon.
I should not animadvert on him . . . if he had not used extreme
severity in his judgment of the incomparable Shakespeare. Dryden.

3. To take cognizance judicially; to inflict punishment. [Archaic]
Grew.

Syn.
 -- To remark; comment; criticise; censure.

ANIMADVERTER
An`i*mad*vert"er, n.

Defn: One who animadverts; a censurer; also [Obs.], a chastiser.

ANIMAL
An"i*mal, n. Etym: [L., fr. anima breath, soul: cf. F. animal. See
Animate.]

1. An organized living being endowed with sensation and the power of
voluntary motion, and also characterized by taking its food into an
internal cavity or stomach for digestion; by giving carbonic acid to
the air and taking oxygen in the process of respiration; and by
increasing in motive power or active aggressive force with progress
to maturity.

2. One of the lower animals; a brute or beast, as distinguished from
man; as, men and animals.

ANIMAL
An"i*mal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. animal.]

1. Of or relating to animals; as, animal functions.

2. Pertaining to the merely sentient part of a creature, as
distinguished from the intellectual, rational, or spiritual part; as,
the animal passions or appetites.

3. Consisting of the flesh of animals; as, animal food. Animal
magnetism. See Magnetism and Mesmerism.
 -- Animal electricity, the electricity developed in some animals, as
the electric eel, torpedo, etc.
 -- Animal flower (Zoöl.), a name given to certain marine animals
resembling a flower, as any species of actinia or sea anemone, and
other Anthozoa, hydroids, starfishes, etc.
 -- Animal heat (Physiol.), the heat generated in the body of a
living animal, by means of which the animal is kept at nearly a
uniform temperature.
 -- Animal spirits. See under Spirit.
 -- Animal kingdom, the whole class of beings endowed with animal
life. It embraces several subkingdoms, and under these there are
Classes, Orders, Families, Genera, Species, and sometimes
intermediate groupings, all in regular subordination, but variously
arranged by different writers.

Note: The following are the grand divisions, or subkingdoms, and the
principal classes under them, generally recognized at the present
time: -Vertebrata, including Mammalia or Mammals, Aves or Birds,
Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces or Fishes, Marsipobranchiata (Craniota);
and Leptocardia (Acrania). Tunicata, including the Thaliacea, and
Ascidioidea or Ascidians. Articulata or Annulosa, including Insecta,
Myriapoda, Malacapoda, Arachnida, Pycnogonida, Merostomata, Crustacea
(Arthropoda); and Annelida, Gehyrea (Anarthropoda). Helminthes or
Vermes, including Rotifera, Chætognatha, Nematoidea, Acanthocephala,
Nemertina, Turbellaria, Trematoda, Cestoidea, Mesozea. Molluscoidea,
including Brachiopoda and Bryozoa. Mollusca, including Cephalopoda,
Gastropoda, Pteropoda, Scaphopoda, Lamellibranchiata or Acephala.
Echinodermata, including Holothurioidea, Echinoidea, Asterioidea,
Ophiuroidea, and Crinoidea. Coelenterata, including Anthozoa or
Polyps, Ctenophora, and Hydrozoa or Acalephs. Spongiozoa or Porifera,
including the sponges. Protozoa, including Infusoria and Rhizopoda.
For definitions, see these names in the Vocabulary.

ANIMALCULAR; ANIMALCULINE
An`i*mal"cu*lar, An`i*mal"cu*line, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, animalcules. "Animalcular
life." Tyndall.

ANIMALCULE
An`i*mal"cule, n. Etym: [As if fr. a L. animalculum, dim. of animal.]

1. A small animal, as a fly, spider, etc. [Obs.] Ray.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal, invisible, or nearly so, to the naked eye. See
Infusoria.

Note: Many of the so-called animalcules have been shown to be plants,
having locomotive powers something like those of animals. Among these
are Volvox, the Desmidiacæ, and the siliceous Diatomaceæ. Spermatic
animalcules. See Spermatozoa.

ANIMALCULISM
An`i*mal"cu*lism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animalculisme.] (Biol.)

Defn: The theory which seeks to explain certain physiological and
pathological by means of animalcules.

ANIMALCULIST
An`i*mal"cu*list, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animalculiste.]

1. One versed in the knowledge of animalcules. Keith.

2. A believer in the theory of animalculism.

ANIMALCULUM
An`i*mal"cu*lum, n.; pl. Animalcula. Etym: [NL. See Animalcule.]

Defn: An animalcule.

Note: Animalculæ, as if from a Latin singular animalcula, is a
barbarism.

ANIMALISH
An"i*mal*ish, a.

Defn: Like an animal.

ANIMALISM
An"i*mal*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animalisme.]

Defn: The state, activity, or enjoyment of animals; mere animal life
without intellectual or moral qualities; sensuality.

ANIMALITY
An`i*mal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animalité.]

Defn: Animal existence or nature. Locke.

ANIMALIZATION
An`i*mal*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animalisation.]

1. The act of animalizing; the giving of animal life, or endowing
with animal properties.

2. Conversion into animal matter by the process of assimilation.
Owen.

ANIMALIZE
An"i*mal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Animalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Animalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. animaliser.]

1. To endow with the properties of an animal; to represent in animal
form. Warburton.

2. To convert into animal matter by the processes of assimilation.

3. To render animal or sentient; to reduce to the state of a lower
animal; to sensualize.
The unconscious irony of the Epicurean poet on the animalizing
tendency of his own philosophy. Coleridge.

ANIMALLY
An"i*mal*ly, adv.

Defn: Physically. G. Eliot.

ANIMALNESS
An"i*mal*ness, n.

Defn: Animality. [R.]

ANIMASTIC
An`i*mas"tic, a. Etym: [L. anima breath, life.]

Defn: Pertaining to mind or spirit; spiritual.

ANIMASTIC
An`i*mas"tic, n.

Defn: Psychology. [Obs.]

ANIMATE
An"i*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Animated; p. pr. & vb. n. Animating.]
Etym: [L. animatus, p. p. of animare, fr. anima breath, soul; akin to
animus soul, mind, Gr. an to breathe, live, Goth. us-anan to expire
(us- out), Icel. önd breath, anda to breathe, OHG. ando anger. Cf.
Animal.]

1. To give natural life to; to make alive; to quicken; as, the soul
animates the body.

2. To give powers to, or to heighten the powers or effect of; as, to
animate a lyre. Dryden.

3. To give spirit or vigor to; to stimulate or incite; to inspirit;
to rouse; to enliven.
The more to animate the people, he stood on high . . . and cried unto
them with a loud voice. Knolles.

Syn.
 -- To enliven; inspirit; stimulate; exhilarate; inspire; instigate;
rouse; urge; cheer; prompt; incite; quicken; gladden.

ANIMATE
An"i*mate, a. Etym: [L. animatus, p. p.]

Defn: Endowed with life; alive; living; animated; lively.
The admirable structure of animate bodies. Bentley.

ANIMATED
An"i*ma`ted, a.

Defn: Endowed with life; full of life or spirit; indicating
animation; lively; vigorous. "Animated sounds." Pope. "Animated
bust." Gray. "Animated descriptions." Lewis.

ANIMATEDLY
An"i*ma`ted*ly, adv.

Defn: With animation.

ANIMATER
An"i*ma`ter, n.

Defn: One who animates. De Quincey.

ANIMATING
An"i*ma"ting, a.

Defn: Causing animation; life-giving; inspiriting; rousing.
"Animating cries." Pope.
 -- An"i*ma`ting*ly, adv.

ANIMATION
An`i*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. animatio, fr. animare.]

1. The act of animating, or giving life or spirit; the state of being
animate or alive.
The animation of the same soul quickening the whole frame. Bp. Hall.
Perhaps an inanimate thing supplies me, while I am speaking, with
whatever I posses of animation. Landor.

2. The state of being lively, brisk, or full of spirit and vigor;
vivacity; spiritedness; as, he recited the story with great
animation. Suspended animation, temporary suspension of the vital
functions, as in persons nearly drowned.

Syn.
 -- Liveliness; vivacity; spirit; buoyancy; airiness; sprightliness;
promptitude; enthusiasm; ardor; earnestness; energy. See Liveliness.

ANIMATIVE
An"i*ma*tive, a

Defn: Having the power of giving life or spirit. Johnson.

ANIMATOR
An"i*ma`tor, n. Etym: [L. animare.]

Defn: One who, or that which, animates; an animater. Sir T. Browne.

ANIME
A"ni*mé`, a. Etym: [F., animated.] (Her.)

Defn: Of a different tincture from the animal itself; -- said of the
eyes of a rapacious animal. Brande & C.

ANIME
A"ni*mé, n. Etym: [F. animé animated (from the insects that are
entrapped in it); or native name.]

Defn: A resin exuding from a tropical American tree (Hymenæa
courbaril), and much used by varnish makers. Ure.

ANIMISM
An"i*mism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animisme, fr. L. anima soul. See
Animate.]

1. The doctrine, taught by Stahl, that the soul is the proper
principle of life and development in the body.

2. The belief that inanimate objects and the phenomena of nature are
endowed with personal life or a living soul; also, in an extended
sense, the belief in the existence of soul or spirit apart from
matter. Tylor.

ANIMIST
An"i*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animiste.]

Defn: One who maintains the doctrine of animism.

ANIMISTIC
An`i*mis"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to animism. Huxley. Tylor.

ANIMOSE; ANIMOUS
An`i*mose", An"i*mous, a. Etym: [L. animosus, fr. animus soul,
spirit, courage.]

Defn: Full of spirit; hot; vehement; resolute. [Obs.] Ash.

ANIMOSENESS
An`i*mose"ness, n.

Defn: Vehemence of temper. [Obs.]

ANIMOSITY
An`i*mos"i*ty, n.; pl. Animosities. Etym: [F. animosité, fr. L.
animositas. See Animose, Animate, v. t.]

1. Mere spiritedness or courage. [Obs.] Skelton.
Such as give some proof of animosity, audacity, and execution, those
she [the crocodile] loveth. Holland.

2. Violent hatred leading to active opposition; active enmity;
energetic dislike. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Enmity; hatred; opposition.
 -- Animosity, Enmity. Enmity be dormant or concealed; animosity is
active enmity, inflamed by collision and mutual injury between
opposing parties. The animosities which were continually springing up
among the clans in Scotland kept that kingdom in a state of turmoil
and bloodshed for successive ages. The animosities which have been
engendered among Christian sects have always been the reproach of the
church.
Such [writings] as naturally conduce to inflame hatreds and make
enmities irreconcilable. Spectator.
[These] factions . . . never suspended their animosities till they
ruined that unhappy government. Hume.

ANIMUS
An"i*mus, n.; pl. Animi. Etym: [L., mind.]

Defn: Animating spirit; intention; temper. nimus furandi Etym: [L.]
(Law), intention of stealing.

ANION
An"i*on, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: An electro-negative element, or the element which, in electro-
chemical decompositions, is evolved at the anode; -- opposed to
cation. Faraday.

ANISE
An"ise, n. Etym: [OE. anys, F. anis, L. anisum, anethum, fr. Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella anisum) growing naturally in
Egypt, and cultivated in Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and
aromatic seeds.

2. The fruit or seeds of this plant.

ANISEED
An"i*seed, n.

Defn: The seed of the anise; also, a cordial prepared from it. "Oil
of aniseed." Brande & C.

ANISETTE
An`i*sette", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A French cordial or liqueur flavored with anise seeds. De
Colange.

ANISIC
A*nis"ic, a.

Defn: Of or derived from anise; as, anisic acid; anisic alcohol.

ANISOCORIA
An`i*so*co"ri*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  +  pupil.] (Med.)

Defn: Inequality of the pupils of the eye.

ANISODACTYLA; ANISODACTYLS
An`i*so*dac"ty*la, An`i*so*dac"tyls, n. pl. Etym: [NL. anisodactyla,
fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) A group of herbivorous mammals characterized by having the hoofs
in a single series around the foot, as the elephant, rhinoceros, etc.
(b) A group of perching birds which are anisodactylous.

ANISODACTYLOUS
An`i*so*dac"ty*lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Characterized by unequal toes, three turned forward and one
backward, as in most passerine birds.

ANISOL
An"i*sol, n.  [Anisic + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: Methyl phenyl ether, C6H5OCH3, got by distilling anisic acid or
by the action of methide on potassium phenolate.

ANISOMERIC
An`i*so*mer"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Not isomeric; not made of the same components in the same
proportions.

ANISOMEROUS
An`i*som"er*ous, a. Etym: [See Anisomeric.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the number of floral organs unequal, as four petals and
six stamens.

ANISOMETRIC
An`i*so*met"ric, a. Etym: [Gr. isometric.]

Defn: Not isometric; having unsymmetrical parts; -- said of crystals
with three unequal axes. Dana.

ANISOMETROPIA
An`i*so*me*tro"pi*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  +  measure + , , eye.]

Defn: Unequal refractive power in the two eyes.

ANISOPETALOUS
An`i*so*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having unequal petals.

ANISOPHYLLOUS
An`i*soph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having unequal leaves.

ANISOPLEURA
An`i*so*pleu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A primary division of gastropods, including those having spiral
shells. The two sides of the body are unequally developed.

ANISOPODA
An`i*sop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Crustacea, which, in some its characteristics, is
intermediate between Amphipoda and Isopoda.

ANISOSPORE
An"i*so*spore`, n. [Gr.  priv. + isospore.] (Biol.)

Defn: A sexual spore in which the sexes differ in size; -- opposed to
isospore.

ANISOSTEMONOUS
An`i*so*stem"o*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having unequal stamens; having stamens different in number from
the petals.

ANISOSTHENIC
An`i*so*sthen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of unequal strength.

ANISOTROPE; ANISOTROPIC
An"i*so*trope`, An`i*so*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)

Defn: Not isotropic; having different properties in different
directions; thus, crystals of the isometric system are optically
isotropic, but all other crystals are anisotropic.

ANISOTROPOUS
An`i*sot"ro*pous, a.

Defn: Anisotropic.

ANISYL
An"i*syl, n. (Org. Chem.)
 (a) The univalent radical, CH3OC6H4, of which anisol is the hydride.
 (b) The univalent radical CH3OC6H4CH2; as, anisyl alcohol.
 (c) The univalent radical CH3OC6H4CO, of anisic acid.

ANITO
A*ni"to, n.; pl. -tos (#). [Sp.]

Defn: In Guam and the Philippines, an idol, fetich, or spirit.

ANKER
An"ker, n. Etym: [D. anker: cf. LL. anceria, ancheria.]

Defn: A liquid measure in various countries of Europe. The Dutch
anker, formerly also used in England, contained about 10 of the old
wine gallons, or 8

ANKERITE
An"ker*ite, n. Etym: [So called from Prof. Anker of Austria: cf. F.
ankérite, G. ankerit.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral closely related to dolomite, but containing iron.

ANKH
Ankh, n. [Egypt.] (Egypt. Archæol.)

Defn: A tau cross with a loop at the top, used as an attribute or
sacred emblem, symbolizing generation or enduring life. Called also
crux ansata.

ANKLE
An"kle, n. Etym: [OE. ancle, anclow, AS. ancleow; akin to Icel.
ökkla, ökli, Dan. and Sw. ankel, D. enklaauw, enkel, G. enkel, and
perh. OHG. encha, ancha thigh, shin: cf. Skr. anga limb, anguri
finger. Cf. Haunch.]

Defn: The joint which connects the foot with the leg; the tarsus.
Ankle bone, the bone of the ankle; the astragalus.

ANKLED
An"kled, a.

Defn: Having ankles; -- used in composition; as, well-ankled. Beau. &
Fl.

ANKLET
An"klet, n.

Defn: An ornament or a fetter for the ankle; an ankle ring.

ANKUS
An"kus, n. [Hind., fr. Skr. ankuça.]

Defn: An elephant goad with a sharp spike and hook, resembling a
short-handled boat hook. [India] Kipling.

ANKYLOSE
An"ky*lose, v. t. & i.

Defn: Same as Anchylose.

ANKYLOSIS
An`ky*lo"sis, n.

Defn: Same as Anchylosis.

ANKYLOSTOMIASIS
An`ky*los*to*mi"a*sis, n. [NL., fr. Ankylostoma, var. of
Agchylostoma, generic name of one genus of the parasitic nematodes.]
(Med.)

Defn: A disease due to the presence of the parasites Agchylostoma
duodenale, Uncinaria (subgenus Necator) americana, or allied
nematodes, in the small intestine. When present in large numbers they
produce a severe anæmia by sucking the blood from the intestinal
walls.  Called also miner's anæmia, tunnel disease, brickmaker's
anæmia, Egyptian chlorosis.

ANLACE
An"lace, n. Etym: [Origin unknown.]

Defn: A broad dagger formerly worn at the girdle. [Written also
anelace.]

ANLAUT
An"laut`, n. [G.; an on + laut sound.] (Phon.)

Defn: An initial sound, as of a word or syllable.

-- Im anlaut, initially; when initial; --used of sounds.

ANN; ANNAT
Ann, An"nat, n. Etym: [LL. annata income of a year, also, of half a
year, fr. L. annus year: cf. F. annate annats.] (Scots Law)

Defn: A half years's stipend, over and above what is owing for the
incumbency, due to a minister's heirs after his decease.

ANNA
An"na, n. Etym: [Hindi ana.]

Defn: An East Indian money of account, the sixteenth of a rupee, or
about 2

ANNAL
An"nal, n.

Defn: See Annals.

ANNALIST
An"nal*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. annaliste.]

Defn: A writer of annals.
The monks . . . were the only annalists in those ages. Hume.

ANNALISTIC
An`nal*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or after the manner of, an annalist; as, the dry
annalistic style."A stiff annalistic method." Sir G. C. Lewis.

ANNALIZE
An"nal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To record in annals. Sheldon.

ANNALS
An"nals, n. pl. Etym: [L. annalis (sc. liber), and more frequently in
the pl. annales (sc. libri), chronicles, fr. annus year. Cf. Annual.]

1. A relation of events in chronological order, each event being
recorded under the year in which it happened. "Annals the
revolution." Macaulay. "The annals of our religion." Rogers.

2. Historical records; chronicles; history.
The short and simple annals of the poor. Gray.
It was one of the most critical periods in our annals. Burke.

3. sing.

Defn: The record of a single event or item. "In deathless annal."
Young.

4. A periodic publication, containing records of discoveries,
transactions of societies, etc.; as "Annals of Science."

Syn.
 -- History. See History.

ANNATS; ANNATES
An"nats, An"nates, n. pl. Etym: [See Ann.] (Eccl. Law)

Defn: The first year's profits of a spiritual preferment, anciently
paid by the clergy to the pope; first fruits. In England, they now
form a fund for the augmentation of poor livings.

ANNEAL
An*neal", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annealed; p. pr. & vb. n. Annealing.]
Etym: [OE. anelen to heat, burn, AS. an; an on + to burn; also OE.
anelen to enamel, prob. influenced by OF. neeler, nieler, to put a
black enamel on gold or silver, F. nieller, fr. LL. nigellare to
blacken, fr. L. nigellus blackish, dim. of niger black. Cf. Niello,
Negro.]

1. To subject to great heat, and then cool slowly, as glass, cast
iron, steel, or other metal, for the purpose of rendering it less
brittle; to temper; to toughen.

2. To heat, as glass, tiles, or earthenware, in order to fix the
colors laid on them.

ANNEALER
An*neal"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, anneals.

ANNEALING
An*neal"ing, n.

1. The process used to render glass, iron, etc., less brittle,
performed by allowing them to cool very gradually from a high heat.

2. The burning of metallic colors into glass, earthenware, etc.

ANNECTENT
An*nec"tent, a. Etym: [L. annectere to tie or bind to. See Annex.]

Defn: Connecting; annexing. Owen.

ANNELID; ANNELIDAN
An`ne*lid, An*nel"i*dan, a. Etym: [F. annélide, fr. anneler to
arrange in rings, OF. anel a ring, fr. L. anellus a ring, dim. of
annulus a ring.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Annelida.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Annelida.

ANNELIDA
An*nel"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Annelid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the Articulata, having the body formed of
numerous rings or annular segments, and without jointed legs. The
principal subdivisions are the Chætopoda, including the Oligochæta or
earthworms and Polychæta or marine worms; and the Hirudinea or
leeches. See Chætopoda.

ANNELIDOUS
An*nel"i*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of the nature of an annelid.

ANNELLATA
An`nel*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Annelida.

ANNELOID
An"ne*loid, n. Etym: [F. annelé ringed + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal resembling an annelid.

ANNEX
An*nex", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annexed; p. pr. & vb. n. Annexing.]
Etym: [F. annexer, fr. L. annexus, p. p. of annectere to tie or bind
to; ad + nectere to tie, to fasten together, akin to Skr. nah to
bind.]

1. To join or attach; usually to subjoin; to affix; to append; --
followed by to. "He annexed a codicil to a will." Johnson.

2. To join or add, as a smaller thing to a greater.
He annexed a province to his kingdom. Johnson.

3. To attach or connect, as a consequence, condition, etc.; as, to
annex a penalty to a prohibition, or punishment to guilt.

Syn.
 -- To add; append; affix; unite; coalesce. See Add.

ANNEX
An*nex", v. i.

Defn: To join; to be united. Tooke.

ANNEX
An*nex", n. Etym: [F. annexe, L. annexus, neut. annexum, p. p. of
annectere.]

Defn: Something annexed or appended; as, an additional stipulation to
a writing, a subsidiary building to a main building; a wing.

ANNEXATION
An`nex*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. annexation. See Annex, v. t.]

1. The act of annexing; process of attaching, adding, or appending;
the act of connecting; union; as, the annexation of Texas to the
United States, or of chattels to the freehold.

2.
(a) (Law) The union of property with a freehold so as to become a
fixture. Bouvier. (b) (Scots Law) The appropriation of lands or rents
to the crown. Wharton.

ANNEXATIONIST
An`nex*a"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who favors annexation.

ANNEXER
An*nex"er, n.

Defn: One who annexes.

ANNEXION
An*nex"ion, n. Etym: [L. annexio a tying to, connection: cf. F.
annexion.]

Defn: Annexation. [R.] Shak.

ANNEXIONIST
An*nex"ion*ist, n.

Defn: An annexationist. [R.]

ANNEXMENT
An*nex"ment, n.

Defn: The act of annexing, or the thing annexed; appendage. [R.]
Shak.

ANNIHILABLE
An*ni"hi*la*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being annihilated.

ANNIHILATE
An*ni"hi*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annihilated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Annihilating.] Etym: [L. annihilare; ad + nihilum, nihil, nothing, ne
hilum (filum) not a thread, nothing at all. Cf. File, a row.]

1. To reduce to nothing or nonexistence; to destroy the existence of;
to cause to cease to be.
It impossible for any body to be utterly annihilated. Bacon.

2. To destroy the form or peculiar distinctive properties of, so that
the specific thing no longer exists; as, to annihilate a forest by
cutting down the trees. "To annihilate the army." Macaulay.

3. To destroy or eradicate, as a property or attribute of a thing; to
make of no effect; to destroy the force, etc., of; as, to annihilate
an argument, law, rights, goodness.

ANNIHILATE
An*ni"hi*late, a.

Defn: Anhilated. [Archaic] Swift.

ANNIHILATION
An*ni`hi*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. annihilation.]

1. The act of reducing to nothing, or nonexistence; or the act of
destroying the form or combination of parts under which a thing
exists, so that the name can no longer be applied to it; as, the
annihilation of a corporation.

2. The state of being annihilated. Hooker.

ANNIHILATIONIST
An*ni`hi*la"tion*ist, n. (Theol.)

Defn: One who believes that eternal punishment consists in
annihilation or extinction of being; a destructionist.

ANNIHILATIVE
An*ni"hi*la*tive, a.

Defn: Serving to annihilate; destructive.

ANNIHILATOR
An*ni"hi*la`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, annihilates; as, a fire annihilator.

ANNIHILATORY
An*ni"hi*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Annihilative.

ANNIVERSARILY
An`ni*ver"sa*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: Annually. [R.] Bp. Hall.

ANNIVERSARY
An`ni*ver"sa*ry, a. Etym: [L. anniversarius; annus year + vertere,
versum, to turn: cf. F. anniversaire.]

Defn: Returning with the year, at a stated time; annual; yearly; as,
an anniversary feast. Anniversary day (R. C. Ch.). See Anniversary,
n., 2.
 -- Anniversary week, that week in the year in which the annual
meetings of religious and benevolent societies are held in Boston and
New York. [Eastern U. S.]

ANNIVERSARY
An`ni*ver"sa*ry, n.; pl. Anniversaries. Etym: [Cf. F. anniversaire.]

1. The annual return of the day on which any notable event took
place, or is wont to be celebrated; as, the anniversary of the
Declaration of Independence.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The day on which Mass is said yearly for the soul of a deceased
person; the commemoration of some sacred event, as the dedication of
a church or the consecration of a pope.

3. The celebration which takes place on an anniversary day. Dryden.

ANNIVERSE
An"ni*verse, n. Etym: [L. anni versus the turning of a year.]

Defn: Anniversary. [Obs.] Dryden.

ANNODATED
An"no*da`ted, a. Etym: [L. ad to + nodus a knot.] (Her.)

Defn: Curved somewhat in the form of the letter S. Cussans.

ANNO DOMINI
An"no Dom"i*ni. Etym: [L., in the year of [our] Lord [Jesus Christ];
usually abbrev. a. d.]

Defn: In the year of the Christian era; as, a. d. 1887.

ANNOMINATE
An*nom"i*nate, v. t.

Defn: To name. [R.]

ANNOMINATION
An*nom`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. annominatio. See Agnomination.]

1. Paronomasia; punning.

2. Alliteration. [Obs.] Tyrwhitt.

ANNOTATE
An"no*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annotated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Annotating.] Etym: [L. annotatus; p. p. of annotare to annotate; ad +
notare to mark, nota mark. See Note, n.]

Defn: To explain or criticize by notes; as, to annotate the works of
Bacon.

ANNOTATE
An"no*tate, v. i.

Defn: To make notes or comments; -- with on or upon.

ANNOTATION
An`no*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. annotatio: cf. F. annotation.]

Defn: A note, added by way of comment, or explanation; -- usually in
the plural; as, annotations on ancient authors, or on a word or a
passage.

ANNOTATIONIST
An`no*ta"tion*ist, n.

Defn: An annotator. [R.]

ANNOTATIVE
An"no*ta*tive, a.

Defn: Characterized by annotations; of the nature of annotation.

ANNOTATOR
An"no*ta`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A writer of annotations; a commentator.

ANNOTATORY
An*no"ta*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an annotator; containing annotations. [R.]

ANNOTINE
An"no*tine, n. Etym: [L. annotinus a year old.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird one year old, or that has once molted.

ANNOTINOUS
An*not"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. annotinus, fr. annus year.] (Bot.)

Defn: A year old; in Yearly growths.

ANNOTTO; ARNOTTO
An*not"to, Ar*not"to, n. Etym: [Perh. the native name.]

Defn: A red or yellowish-red dyeing material, prepared from the pulp
surrounding the seeds of a tree (Bixa orellana) belonging to the
tropical regions of America. It is used for coloring cheese, butter,
etc. [Written also Anatto, Anatta, Annatto, Annotta, etc.]

ANNOUNCE
An*nounce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Announced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Announcing.] Etym: [OF. anoncier, F. annoncer, fr. L. annuntiare; ad
+ nuntiare to report, relate, nuntius messenger, bearer of news. See
Nuncio, and cf. Annunciate.]

1. To give public notice, or first notice of; to make known; to
publish; to proclaim.
Her [Q. Elizabeth's] arrival was announced through the country by a
peal of cannon from the ramparts. Gilpin.

2. To pronounce; to declare by judicial sentence.
Publish laws, announce Or life or death. Prior.

Syn.
 -- To proclaim; publish; make known; herald; declare; promulgate.
 -- To Publish, Announce, Proclaim, Promulgate. We publish what we
give openly to the world, either by oral communication or by means of
the press; as, to publish abroad the faults of our neighbors. We
announce what we declare by anticipation, or make known for the first
time; as, to announce the speedy publication of a book; to announce
the approach or arrival of a distinguished personage. We proclaim
anything to which we give the widest publicity; as, to proclaim the
news of victory. We promulgate when we proclaim more widely what has
before been known by some; as, to promulgate the gospel.

ANNOUNCEMENT
An*nounce"ment, n.

Defn: The act of announcing, or giving notice; that which announces;
proclamation; publication.

ANNOUNCER
An*noun"cer, n.

Defn: One who announces.

ANNOY
An*noy", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annoyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Annoying.]
Etym: [OE. anoien, anuien, OF. anoier, anuier, F. ennuyer, fr. OF.
anoi, anui, enui, annoyance, vexation, F. ennui. See Annoy, n.] To
disturb or irritate, especially by continued or repeated acts; to
tease; to ruffle in mind; to vex; as, I was annoyed by his remarks.
Say, what can more our tortured souls annoy Than to behold, admire,
and lose our joy Prior.

2. To molest, incommode, or harm; as, to annoy an army by impeding
its march, or by a cannonade.

Syn.
 -- To molest; vex; trouble; pester; embarrass; perplex; tease.

ANNOY
An*noy", n. Etym: [OE. anoi, anui, OF. anoi, anui, enui, fr. L. in
odio hatred (esse alicui in odio, Cic.). See Ennui, Odium, Noisome,
Noy.]

Defn: A feeling of discomfort or vexation caused by what one
dislikes; also, whatever causes such a feeling; as, to work annoy.
Worse than Tantalus' is her annoy. Shak.

ANNOYANCE
An*noy"ance, n. Etym: [OF. anoiance, anuiance.]

1. The act of annoying, or the state of being annoyed; molestation;
vexation; annoy.
A deep clay, giving much annoyance to passengers. Fuller.
For the further annoyance and terror of any besieged place, they
would throw into it dead bodies. Wilkins.

2. That which annoys.
A grain, a dust, a gnat, a wandering hair, Any annoyance in that
precious sense. Shak.

ANNOYER
An*noy"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, annoys.

ANNOYFUL
An*noy"ful, a.

Defn: Annoying. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANNOYING
An*noy"ing, a.

Defn: That annoys; molesting; vexatious.
 -- An*noy"ing*ly, adv.

ANNOYOUS
An*noy"ous, a. Etym: [OF. enuius, anoios.]

Defn: Troublesome; annoying. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANNUAL
An"nu*al, a. Etym: [OE. annuel, F. annuel, fr. L. annualis, fr. annus
year. Cf. Annals.]

1. Of or pertaining to a year; returning every year; coming or
happening once in the year; yearly.
The annual overflowing of the river [Nile]. Ray.

2. Performed or accomplished in a year; reckoned by the year; as, the
annual motion of the earth.
A thousand pound a year, annual support. Shak.

2. Lasting or continuing only one year or one growing season;
requiring to be renewed every year; as, an annual plant; annual
tickets. Bacon.

ANNUAL
An"nu*al, n.

1. A thing happening or returning yearly; esp. a literary work
published once a year.

2. Anything, especially a plant, that lasts but one year or season;
an annual plant.
Oaths . . . in some sense almost annuals; . . . and I myself can
remember about forty different sets. Swift.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A Mass for a deceased person or for some special object, said
daily for a year or on the anniversary day.

ANNUALIST
An"nu*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who writes for, or who edits, an annual. [R.]

ANNUALLY
An"nu*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Yearly; year by year.

ANNUARY
An"nu*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. annuaire.]

Defn: Annual. [Obs.] -- n.

Defn: A yearbook.

ANNUELER
An"nu*el*er, n.

Defn: A priest employed in saying annuals, or anniversary Masses.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

ANNUENT
An"nu*ent, a. Etym: [L. annuens, p. pr. of annuere; ad + nuere to
nod.]

Defn: Nodding; as, annuent muscles (used in nodding).

ANNUITANT
An*nu"i*tant, n. Etym: [See Annuity.]

Defn: One who receives, or its entitled to receive, an annuity. Lamb.

ANNUITY
An*nu"i*ty, n.; pl. Annuities. Etym: [LL. annuitas, fr. L. annus
year: cf. F. annuité.]

Defn: A sum of money, payable yearly, to continue for a given number
of years, for life, or forever; an annual allowance.

ANNUL
An*nul", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annulled; p. pr. & vb. n. Annulling.]
Etym: [F. annuler, LL. annullare, annulare, fr. L. ad to + nullus
none, nullum, neut., nothing. See Null, a.]

1. To reduce to nothing; to obliterate.
Light, the prime work of God, to me's extinct. And all her various
objects of delight Annulled. Milton.

2. To make void or of no effect; to nullify; to abolish; to do away
with; -- used appropriately of laws, decrees, edicts, decisions of
courts, or other established rules, permanent usages, and the like,
which are made void by component authority.
Do they mean to annul laws of inestimable value to our liberties
Burke.

Syn.
 -- To abolish; abrogate; repeal; cancel; reverse; rescind; revoke;
nullify; destroy. See Abolish.

ANNULAR
An"nu*lar, a. Etym: [L. annularis, fr. annulis ring: cf. F.
annulaire.]

1. Pertaining to, or having the form of, a ring; forming a ring;
ringed; ring-shaped; as, annular fibers.

2. Banded or marked with circles. Annular eclipse (Astron.), an
eclipse of the sun in which the moon at the middle of the eclipse
conceals the central part of the sun's disk, leaving a complete ring
of light around the border.

ANNULARITY
An`nu*lar"i*ty, n.

Defn: Annular condition or form; as, the annularity of a nebula. J.
Rogers.

ANNULARRY
An"nu*lar*ry, adv.

Defn: In an annular manner.

ANNULARY
An"nu*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. annularis. See Annular.]

Defn: Having the form of a ring; annular. Ray.

ANNULATA
An`nu*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl., fr. L. annulatus ringed.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of articulate animals, nearly equivalent to Annelida,
including the marine annelids, earthworms, Gephyrea, Gymnotoma,
leeches, etc. See Annelida.

ANNULATE
An"nu*late, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Annulata.

ANNULATE; ANNULATED
An"nu*late, An"nu*la`ted a. Etym: [L. annulatus.]

1. Furnished with, or composed of, rings; ringed; surrounded by rings
of color.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Annulata.

ANNULATION
An`nu*la"tion, n.

Defn: A circular or ringlike formation; a ring or belt. Nicholson.

ANNULET
An"nu*let, n. Etym: [Dim. of annulus.]

1. A little ring. Tennyson.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A small, flat fillet, encircling a column, etc., used by
itself, or with other moldings. It is used, several times repeated,
under the Doric capital.

3. (Her.)

Defn: A little circle borne as a charge.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A narrow circle of some distinct color on a surface or round an
organ.

ANNULLABLE
An*nul"la*ble, a.

Defn: That may be Annulled.

ANNULLER
An*nul"ler, n.

Defn: One who annuls. [R.]

ANNULMENT
An*nul"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. annulement.]

Defn: The act of annulling; abolition; invalidation.

ANNULOID
An"nu*loid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Annuloida.

ANNULOIDA
An`nu*loid"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. annulus ring + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the Articulata, including the annelids and allied
groups; sometimes made to include also the helminths and echinoderms.
[Written also Annuloidea.]

ANNULOSA
An"nu*lo"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the Invertebrata, nearly equivalent to the
Articulata. It includes the Arthoropoda and Anarthropoda. By some
zoölogists it is applied to the former only.

ANNULOSAN
An`nu*lo"san, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Annulosa.

ANNULOSE
An"nu*lose` (, a. Etym: [L. annulus ring.]

1. Furnished with, or composed of, rings or ringlike segments;
ringed.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Annulosa.

ANNULUS
An"nu*lus, n.; pl. Annuli. Etym: [L.]

1. A ring; a ringlike part or space.

2. (Geom.)
(a) A space contained between the circumferences of two circles, one
within the other.
(b) The solid formed by a circle revolving around a line which is the
plane of the circle but does not cut it.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Ring-shaped structures or markings, found in, or upon, various
animals.

ANNUMERATE
An*nu"mer*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. annumeratus, p. p. of annumerare. See
Numerate.]

Defn: To add on; to count in. [Obs.] Wollaston.

ANNUMERATION
An*nu`mer*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. annumeratio.]

Defn: Addition to a former number. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ANNUNCIABLE
An*nun"ci*a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be announced or declared; declarable. [R.]

ANNUNCIATE
An*nun"ci*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annunciated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Annunciating.] Etym: [L. annuntiare. See Announce.]

Defn: To announce.

ANNUNCIATE
An*nun"ci*ate, p. p. & a.

Defn: Foretold; preannounced. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANNUNCIATION
An*nun`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. annuntiatio: cf. F. annonciation.]

1. The act of announcing; announcement; proclamation; as, the
annunciation of peace.

2. (Eccl.)
(a) The announcement of the incarnation, made by the angel Gabriel to
the Virgin Mary.
(b) The festival celebrated (March 25th) by the Church of England, of
Rome, etc., in memory of the angel's announcement, on that day; Lady
Day.

ANNUNCIATION LILY
An*nun`ci*a"tion lil"y. (Bot.)

Defn: The common white lily (Lilium candidum). So called because it
is usually introduced by painters in pictures of the Annunciation.

ANNUNCIATIVE
An*nun"ci*a*tive, a.

Defn: Pertaining to annunciation; announcing. [R.] Dr. H. More.

ANNUNCIATOR
An*nun"ci*a`tor, n. Etym: [L. annuntiator.]

1. One who announces. Specifically: An officer in the church of
Constantinople, whose business it was to inform the people of the
festivals to be celebrated.

2. An indicator (as in a hotel) which designates the room where
attendance is wanted.

ANNUNCIATORY
An*nun"ci*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, announcement; making known. [R.]

ANOA
A*noa", n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small wild ox of Celebes (Anoa depressicornis), allied to the
buffalo, but having long nearly straight horns.

ANODE
An"ode, n. Etym: [Gr. (Elec.)

Defn: The positive pole of an electric battery, or more strictly the
electrode by which the current enters the electrolyte on its way to
the other pole; -- opposed to cathode.

ANODON
An"o*don, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fresh-water bivalves, having to teeth at the hinge.
[Written also Anodonta.]

ANODYNE
An"o*dyne, a. Etym: [L. anodynus, Gr. anodin.]

Defn: Serving to assuage pain; soothing.
The anodyne draught of oblivion. Burke.

Note: "The word [in a medical sense] in chiefly applied to the
different preparations of opium, belladonna, hyoscyamus, and
lettuce." Am. Cyc.

ANODYNE
An"o*dyne, n. Etym: [L. anodynon. See Anodyne, a.]

Defn: Any medicine which allays pain, as an opiate or narcotic;
anything that soothes disturbed feelings.

ANODYNOUS
An"o*dy`nous, a.

Defn: Anodyne.

ANOETIC
An`o*et"ic, a. [Gr.  unthinkable;  priv. +  perceptible, thinkable.]

1. Unthinkable. [Rare]

2.  (Psychol.) Not subject to conscious attention; having an
indefinite, relatively passive, conscious being; characteristic of
the "fringe" or "margin" of consciousness.

Presentation considered as having an existence relatively independent
of thought, may be called sentience, or anoetic consciousness.
Thought and sentience are fundamentally distinct mental functions.
G. F. Stout.

ANOIL
A*noil", v. t. Etym: [OF. enoilier.]

Defn: The anoint with oil. [Obs.] Holinshed.

ANOINT
A*noint", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Anointing.]
Etym: [OF. enoint, p. p. of enoindre, fr. L. inungere; in + ungere,
unguere, to smear, anoint. See Ointment, Unguent.]

1. To smear or rub over with oil or an unctuous substance; also, to
spread over, as oil.
And fragrant oils the stiffened limbs anoint. Dryden.
He anointed the eyes of the blind man with the clay. John ix. 6.

2. To apply oil to or to pour oil upon, etc., as a sacred rite,
especially for consecration.
Then shalt thou take the anointing oil, and pour it upon his
[Aaron's] head and anoint him. Exod. xxix. 7.
Anoint Hazael to be king over Syria. 1 Kings xix. 15.
The Lord's Anointed, Christ or the Messiah; also, a Jewish or other
king by "divine right." 1 Sam. xxvi. 9.

ANOINT
A*noint", p. p.

Defn: Anointed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANOINTER
A*noint"er, n.

Defn: One who anoints.

ANOINTMENT
A*noint"ment, n.

Defn: The act of anointing, or state of being anointed; also, an
ointment. Milton.

ANOLIS
A*no"lis, n. Etym: [In the Antilles, anoli, anoalli, a lizard.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of lizards which belong to the family Iguanidæ. They
take the place in the New World of the chameleons in the Old, and in
America are often called chameleons.

ANOMAL
A*nom"al, n.

Defn: Anything anomalous. [R.]

ANOMALIPED; ANOMALIPEDE
A*nom"a*li*ped(#), A*nom"a*li*pede, a. Etym: [L. anomalus irregular +
pes, pedis, foot.]

Defn: Having anomalous feet.

ANOMALIPED
A*nom"a*li*ped, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of perching birds, having the middle toe more or
less united to the outer and inner ones.

ANOMALISM
A*nom"a*lism, n.

Defn: An anomaly; a deviation from rule. Hooker.

ANOMALISTIC; ANOMALISTICAL
A*nom`a*lis"tic, A*nom`a*lis"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. anomalistique.]

1. Irregular; departing from common or established rules.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: Pertaining to the anomaly, or angular distance of a planet from
its perihelion. Anomalistic month. See under Month.
 -- Anomalistic revolution, the period in which a planet or satellite
goes through the complete cycles of its changes of anomaly, or from
any point in its elliptic orbit to the same again.
 -- Anomalistic, or Periodical year. See under Year.

ANOMALISTICALLY
A*nom`a*lis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: With irregularity.

ANOMALOFLOROUS
A*nom`a*lo*flo"rous, a. Etym: [L. anomalus irregular + flos, floris,
flower.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having anomalous flowers.

ANOMALOUS
A*nom"a*lous, a Etym: [L. anomalus, Gr. Same, and cf. Abnormal.]

Defn: Deviating from a general rule, method, or analogy; abnormal;
irregular; as, an anomalous proceeding.

ANOMALOUSLY
A*nom"a*lous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an anomalous manner.

ANOMALOUSNESS
A*nom"a*lous*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being anomalous.

ANOMALY
A*nom"a*ly, n.; pl. Anomalies. Etym: [L. anomalia, Gr. Anomalous.]

1. Deviation from the common rule; an irregularity; anything
anomalous.
We are enabled to unite into a consistent whole the various anomalies
and contending principles that are found in the minds and affairs of
men. Burke.
As Professor Owen has remarked, there is no greater anomaly in nature
than a bird that can not fly. Darwin.

2. (Astron.)
(a) The angular distance of a planet from its perihelion, as seen
from the sun. This is the true anomaly. The eccentric anomaly is a
corresponding angle at the center of the elliptic orbit of the
planet. The mean anomaly is what the anomaly would be if the planet's
angular motion were uniform.
(b) The angle measuring apparent irregularities in the motion of a
planet.

3. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Any deviation from the essential characteristics of a specific
type.

ANOMIA
A*no"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of bivalve shells, allied to the oyster, so called from
their unequal valves, of which the lower is perforated for
attachment.

ANOMOPHYLLOUS
An`o*moph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having leaves irregularly placed.

ANOMURA; ANOMOURA
An`o*mu"ra, An`o*mou"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of decapod Crustacea, of which the hermit crab in an
example.

ANOMURAL; ANOMURAN
An`o*mu"ral, An`o*mu"ran, a.

Defn: Irregular in the character of the tail or abdomen; as, the
anomural crustaceans. [Written also anomoural, anomouran.]

ANOMURAN
An`o*mu"ran, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Anomura.

ANOMY
An"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. Anomia.]

Defn: Disregard or violation of law. [R.] Glanvill.

ANON
A*non", adv. Etym: [OE. anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one (moment), fr.
AS. on in + an one. See On and One.]

1. Straightway; at once. [Obs.]
The same is he that heareth the word, and anon with joy receiveth it.
Matt. xiii. 20.

2. Soon; in a little while.
As it shall better appear anon. Stow.

3. At another time; then; again.
Sometimes he trots, . . . anon he rears upright. Shak.
Anon right, at once; right off. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- Ever and anon, now and then; frequently; often.
A pouncet box, which ever and anon He gave his nose. Shak.

ANONA
A*no"na, n. Etym: [NL. Cf. Ananas.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tropical or subtropical plants of the natural order
Anonaceæ, including the soursop.

ANONACEOUS
An`o*na"ceous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the order of plants including the soursop,
custard apple, etc.

ANONYM
An"o*nym, n. Etym: [F. anonyme. See Anonymous.]

1. One who is anonymous; also sometimes used for "pseudonym."

2. A notion which has no name, or which can not be expressed by a
single English word. [R.] J. R. Seeley.

ANONYMITY
An`o*nym"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being anonymous; anonymousness; also,
that which anonymous. [R.]
He rigorously insisted upon the rights of anonymity. Carlyle.

ANONYMOUS
A*non"y*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. Name.]

Defn: Nameless; of unknown name; also, of unknown /or unavowed
authorship; as, an anonymous benefactor; an anonymous pamphlet or
letter.

ANONYMOUSLY
A*non"y*mous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an anonymous manner; without a name. Swift.

ANONYMOUSNESS
A*non"y*mous*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being anonymous. Coleridge.

ANOPHELES
A*noph"e*les (a*nof"e*lez), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'anwfelh`s useless,
hurtful.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of mosquitoes which are secondary hosts of the malaria
parasites, and whose bite is the usual, if not the only, means of
infecting human beings with malaria. Several species are found in the
United States. They may be distinguished from the ordinary mosquitoes
of the genus Culex by the long slender palpi, nearly equaling the
beak in length, while those of the female Culex are very short. They
also assume different positions when resting, Culex usually holding
the body parallel to the surface on which it rests and keeping the
head and beak bent at an angle, while Anopheles holds the body at an
angle with the surface and the head and beak in line with it. Unless
they become themselves infected by previously biting a subject
affected with malaria, the insects cannot transmit the disease.

ANOPHYTE
An"o*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A moss or mosslike plant which cellular stems, having usually
an upward growth and distinct leaves.

ANOPLA
An"o*pla, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the two orders of Nemerteans. See Nemertina.

ANOPLOTHERE; ANOPLOTHERIUM
An*op"lo*there, An`o*plo*the"ri*um, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct quadrupeds of the order Ungulata, whose were
first found in the gypsum quarries near Paris; characterized by the
shortness and feebleness of their canine teeth (whence the name).

ANOPLURA
An`o*plu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of insects which includes the lice.

ANOPSIA; ANOPSY
A*nop"si*a, An"op`sy, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Want or defect of sight; blindness.

ANOREXIA; ANOREXY
An`o*rex"i*a, An"o*rex`y n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Want of appetite, without a loathing of food. Coxe.

ANORMAL
A*nor"mal, a. Etym: [F. anormal. See Abnormal, Normal.]

Defn: Not according to rule; abnormal. [Obs.]

ANORN
A*norn, v. t. Etym: [OF. aörner, aöurner, fr. L. adornare to adorn.
The form a-ourne was corrupted into anourne.]

Defn: To adorn. [Obs.] Bp. Watson.

ANORTHIC
A*nor"thic, a. Etym: [See Anorthite.] (Min.)

Defn: Having unequal oblique axes; as, anorthic crystals.

ANORTHITE
A*nor"thite, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A mineral of the feldspar family, commonly occurring in small
glassy crystals, also a constituent of some igneous rocks. It is a
lime feldspar. See Feldspar.

ANORTHOCLASE
A*nor"tho*clase, n. [Gr.  priv. + orthoclase.] (Min.)

Defn: A feldspar closely related to orthoclase, but triclinic. It is
chiefly a silicate of sodium, potassium, and aluminium. Sp. gr., 2.57
-- 2.60.

ANORTHOPIA
An`or*tho"pi*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  priv. + ortho- + Gr. , , the eye.]
(Med.)

Defn: Distorted vision, in which straight lines appear bent.

ANORTHOSCOPE
A*nor"tho*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An optical toy for producing amusing figures or pictures by
means of two revolving disks, on one of which distorted figures are
painted.

ANORTHOSITE
A*nor"tho*site, n. [F. anorthose triclinic feldspar (fr. Gr.  priv. +
straight) + -ite.] (Petrol.)

Defn: A granular igneous rock composed almost exclusively of a soda-
lime feldspar, usually labradorite.

ANOSMIA
A*nos"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Loss of the sense of smell.

ANOTHER
An*oth"er, pron. & a. Etym: [An a, one + other.]

1. One more, in addition to a former number; a second or additional
one, similar in likeness or in effect.
Another yet! -- a seventh! I 'll see no more. Shak.
Would serve to scale another Hero's tower. Shak.

2. Not the same; different.
He winks, and turns his lips another way. Shak.

3. Any or some; any different person, indefinitely; any one else;
some one else.
Let another man praise thee, and not thine own mouth. Prov. xxvii. 2.
While I am coming, another steppeth down before me. John v. 7.

Note: As a pronoun another may have a possessive another's, pl.
others, poss. pl. other'. It is much used in opposition to one; as,
one went one way, another another. It is also used with one, in a
reciprocal sense; as, "love one another," that is, let each love the
other or others. "These two imparadised in one another's arms."
Milton.

ANOTHER-GAINES
An*oth"er-gaines`, a. Etym: [Corrupted fr. another-gates.]

Defn: Of another kind. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

ANOTHER-GATES
An*oth"er-gates`, a. Etym: [Another + gate, or gait, way. Cf.
Algates.]

Defn: Of another sort. [Obs.] "Another-gates adventure." Hudibras.

ANOTHER-GUESS
An*oth"er-guess, a. Etym: [Corrupted fr. another-gates.]

Defn: Of another sort. [Archaic]
It used to go in another-guess manner. Arbuthnot.

ANOTTA
A*not"ta, n.

Defn: See Annotto.

ANOURA
An*ou"ra, n.

Defn: See Anura.

ANOUROUS
An*ou"rous, a.

Defn: See Anurous.

ANOXAEMIA; ANOXEMIA
An`ox*æ"mi*a, An`ox*e"mi*a, n. [NL.; Gr.  priv. + oxygen + Gr.
blood.] (Med.)

Defn: An abnormal condition due to deficient aëration of the blood,
as in balloon sickness, mountain sickness. -- An`ox*æ"mic, *e"mic
(#), a.

ANSA
An"sa, n.; pl. Ansæ. Etym: [L., a handle.] (Astron.)

Defn: A name given to either of the projecting ends of Saturn's ring.

ANSATED
An"sa*ted, a. Etym: [L. ansatus, fr. ansa a handle.]

Defn: Having a handle. Johnson.

ANSERATED
An"ser*a`ted, a. (Her.)

Defn: Having the extremities terminate in the heads of eagles, lions,
etc.; as, an anserated cross.

ANSERES
An"se*res, n. pl. Etym: [L., geese.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Linnæan order of aquatic birds swimming by means of webbed
feet, as the duck, or of lobed feet, as the grebe. In this order were
included the geese, ducks, auks, divers, gulls, petrels, etc.

ANSERIFORMES
An`se*ri*for"mes, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of birds including the geese, ducks, and closely
allied forms.

ANSERINE
An"ser*ine, a Etym: [L. anserinus, fr. anser a goose.]

1. Pertaining to, or resembling, a goose, or the skin of a goose.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Anseres.

ANSEROUS
An"ser*ous, a. Etym: [L. anser a goose.]

Defn: Resembling a goose; silly; simple. Sydney Smith.

ANSWER
An"swer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Answered; p. pr. & vb. n. Answering.]
Etym: [OE. andswerien, AS. andswerian, andswarian, to answer, fr.
andswaru, n., answer. See Answer, n.]

1. To speak in defense against; to reply to in defense; as, to answer
a charge; to answer an accusation.

2. To speak or write in return to, as in return to a call or
question, or to a speech, declaration, argument, or the like; to
reply to (a question, remark, etc.); to respond to.
She answers him as if she knew his mind. Shak.
So spake the apostate angel, though in pain: . . . And him thus
answered soon his bold compeer. Milton.

3. To respond to satisfactorily; to meet successfully by way of
explanation, argument, or justification, and the like; to refute.
No man was able to answer him a word. Matt. xxii. 46.
These shifts refuted, answer thine appellant. Milton.
The reasoning was not and could not be answered. Macaulay.

4. To be or act in return or response to. Hence:
(a) To be or act in compliance with, in fulfillment or satisfaction
of, as an order, obligation, demand; as, he answered my claim upon
him; the servant answered the bell.
This proud king . . . studies day and night To answer all the debts
he owes unto you. Shak.

(b) To render account to or for.
I will . . . send him to answer thee. Shak.

(c) To atone; to be punished for.
And grievously hath Cæzar answered it. Shak.

(d) To be opposite to; to face.
The windows answering each other, we could just discern the glowing
horizon them. Gilpin.

(e) To be or act an equivalent to, or as adequate or sufficient for;
to serve for; to repay. [R.]
Money answereth all things. Eccles. x. 19.

(f) To be or act in accommodation, conformity, relation, or
proportion to; to correspond to; to suit.
Weapons must needs be dangerous things, if they answered the bulk of
so prodigious a person. Swift.

ANSWER
An"swer, v. i.

1. To speak or write by way of return (originally, to a charge), or
in reply; to make response.
There was no voice, nor any that answered. 1 Kings xviii. 26.

2. To make a satisfactory response or return. Hence: To render
account, or to be responsible; to be accountable; to make amends; as,
the man must answer to his employer for the money intrusted to his
care.
Let his neck answer for it, if there is any martial law. Shak.

3. To be or act in return. Hence:
(a) To be or act by way of compliance, fulfillment, reciprocation, or
satisfaction; to serve the purpose; as, gypsum answers as a manure on
some soils.
Do the strings answer to thy noble hand Dryden.

(b) To be opposite, or to act in opposition.
(c) To be or act as an equivalent, or as adequate or sufficient; as,
a very few will answer.
(d) To be or act in conformity, or by way of accommodation,
correspondence, relation, or proportion; to conform; to correspond;
to suit; -- usually with to.
That the time may have all shadow and silence in it, and the place
answer to convenience. Shak.
If this but answer to my just belief, I 'll remember you. Shak.
As in water face answereth to face, so the heart of man to man. Pro

ANSWER
An"swer, n. Etym: [OE. andsware, AS. andswaru; and against + swerian
to swear. Anti-, and Swear, and cf. 1st un-.]

1. A reply to a change; a defense.
At my first answer no man stood with me. 2 Tim. iv. 16.

2. Something said or written in reply to a question, a call, an
argument, an address, or the like; a reply.
A soft answer turneth away wrath. Prov. xv. 1.
I called him, but he gave me no answer. Cant. v. 6.

3. Something done in return for, or in consequence of, something
else; a responsive action.
Great the slaughter is Here made by the Roman; great the answer be
Britons must take. Shak.

4. A solution, the result of a mathematical operation; as, the answer
to a problem.

5. (Law)

Defn: A counter-statement of facts in a course of pleadings; a
confutation of what the other party has alleged; a responsive
declaration by a witness in reply to a question. In Equity, it is the
usual form of defense to the complainant's charges in his bill.
Bouvier.

Syn.
 -- Reply; rejoinder; response. See Reply.

ANSWERABLE
An"swer*a*ble, a.

1. Obliged to answer; liable to be called to account; liable to pay,
indemnify, or make good; accountable; amenable; responsible; as, an
agent is answerable to his principal; to be answerable for a debt, or
for damages.
Will any man argue that . . . he can not be justly punished, but is
answerable only to God Swift.

2. Capable of being answered or refuted; admitting a satisfactory
answer.
The argument, though subtle, is yet answerable. Johnson.

3. Correspondent; conformable; hence, comparable.
What wit and policy of man is answerable to their discreet and
orderly course Holland.
This revelation . . . was answerable to that of the apostle to the
Thessalonians. Milton.

4. Proportionate; commensurate; suitable; as, an achievement
answerable to the preparation for it.

5. Equal; equivalent; adequate. [Archaic]
Had the valor of his soldiers been answerable, he had reached that
year, as was thought, the utmost bounds of Britain. Milton.

ANSWERABLENESS
An"swer*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being answerable, liable, responsible, or
correspondent.

ANSWERABLY
An"swer*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an answerable manner; in due proportion or correspondence;
suitably.

ANSWERER
An"swer*er, n.

Defn: One who answers.

ANSWERLESS
An"swer*less, a.

Defn: Having no answer, or impossible to be answered. Byron.

AN 'T
An 't.

Defn: An it, that is, and it or if it. See An, conj. [Obs.]

AN'T
An't.

Defn: A contraction for are and am not; also used for is not; -- now
usually written ain't. [Colloq. & illiterate speech.]

ANT-
Ant-.

Defn: See Anti-, prefix.

-ANT
-ant. Etym: [F. -ant, fr. L. -antem or -entem, the pr. p. ending;
also sometimes directly from L. -antem.]

Defn: A suffix sometimes marking the agent for action; as, merchant,
covenant, servant, pleasant, etc. Cf. -ent.

ANT
Ant, n. Etym: [OE. ante, amete, emete, AS. æmete akin to G. ameise.
Cf. Emmet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hymenopterous insect of the Linnæan genus Formica, which is
now made a family of several genera; an emmet; a pismire.

Note: Among ants, as among bees, there are neuter or working ants,
besides the males and females; the former are without wings. Ants
live together in swarms, usually raising hillocks of earth, variously
chambered within, where they maintain a perfect system of order,
store their provisions, and nurture their young. There are many
species, with diverse habits, as agricultural ants, carpenter ants,
honey ants, foraging ants, amazon ants, etc. The white ants or
Termites belong to the Neuroptera. Ant bird (Zoöl.), one of a very
extensive group of South American birds (Formicariidæ), which live on
ants. The family includes many species, some of which are called ant
shrikes, ant thrushes, and ant wrens.
 -- Ant rice (Bot.), a species of grass (Aristida oligantha)
cultivated by the agricultural ants of Texas for the sake of its
seed.

ANTA
An"ta, n.; pl. Antæ. Etym: [L.] (Arch.)

Defn: A species of pier produced by thickening a wall at its
termination, treated architecturally as a pilaster, with capital and
base.

Note: Porches, when columns stand between two antæ, are called in
Latin in antis.

ANTACID
Ant*ac"id, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + acid.] (Med.)

Defn: A remedy for acidity of the stomach, as an alkali or absorbent.
 -- a.

Defn: Counteractive of acidity.

ANTACRID
Ant*ac"rid, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + acrid.]

Defn: Corrective of acrimony of the humors.

ANTAEAN
An*tæ"an, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to Antæus, a giant athlete slain by Hercules.

ANTAGONISM
An*tag"o*nism, n. Etym: [Gr. antagonisme. See Agony.]

Defn: Opposition of action; counteraction or contrariety of things or
principles.

Note: We speak of antagonism between two things, to or against a
thing, and sometimes with a thing.

ANTAGONIST
An*tag"o*nist, n. Etym: [L. antagonista, Gr. antagoniste. See
Antagonism.]

1. One who contends with another, especially in combat; an adversary;
an opponent.
Antagonist of Heaven's Almigthy King. Milton.
Our antagonists in these controversies. Hooker.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which acts in opposition to another; as a flexor,
which bends a part, is the antagonist of an extensor, which extends
it.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine which opposes the action of another medicine or of a
poison when absorbed into the blood or tissues.

Syn.
 -- Adversary; enemy; opponent; toe; competitor. See Adversary.

ANTAGONIST
An*tag"o*nist, a.

Defn: Antagonistic; opposing; counteracting; as, antagonist schools
of philosophy.

ANTAGONISTIC; ANTAGONISTICAL
An*tag`o*nis"tic, An*tag`o*nis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Opposing in combat, combating; contending or acting against;
as, antagonistic forces.
 -- An*tag`o*nis"tic*al*ly, adv.
They were distinct, adverse, even antagonistic. Milman.

ANTAGONIZE
An*tag"o*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Antagonized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Antagonozing.] Etym: [Gr. Antagonism.]

Defn: To contend with; to oppose actively; to counteract.

ANTAGONIZE
An*tag"o*nize, v. i.

Defn: To act in opposition.

ANTAGONY
An*tag"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. antagonie. See Antagonism.]

Defn: Contest; opposition; antagonism. [Obs.]
Antagony that is between Christ and Belial. Milton.

ANTALGIC
An*tal"gic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. antalgique.] (Med.)

Defn: Alleviating pain.
 -- n.

Defn: A medicine to alleviate pain; an anodyne. [R.]

ANTALKALI; ANTALKALINE
Ant*al"ka*li, Ant*al"ka*line, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + alkali.]

Defn: Anything that neutralizes, or that counteracts an alkaline
tendency in the system. Hoopplw.

ANTALKALINE
Ant*al"ka*line, a.

Defn: Of power to counteract alkalies.

ANTAMBULACRAL
Ant*am`bu*la"cral, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Away from the ambulacral region.

ANTANACLASIS
Ant`an*a*cla"sis, n. Etym: [Gr. Anaclastic.] (Rhet.)
(a) A figure which consists in repeating the same word in a different
sense; as, Learn some craft when young, that when old you may live
without craft.
(b) A repetition of words beginning a sentence, after a long
parenthesis; as, Shall that heart (which not only feels them, but
which has all motions of life placed in them), shall that heart, etc.

ANTANAGOGE
Ant`an*a*go"ge, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + anagoge.] (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure which consists in answering the charge of an
adversary, by a counter charge.

ANTAPHRODISIAC
Ant`aph*ro*dis"i*ac, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + aphrodisiac.] (Med.)

Defn: Capable of blunting the venereal appetite.
 -- n.

Defn: Anything that quells the venereal appetite.

ANTAPHRODITIC
Ant`aph*ro*dit"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. antaphroditique.]
(Med.)

1. Antaphrodisiac.

2. Antisyphilitic. [R.]

ANTAPHRODITIC
Ant`aph*ro*dit"ic, n.

Defn: An antaphroditic medicine.

ANTAPOPLECTIC
Ant`ap*o*plec"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + apoplectic.] (Med.)

Defn: Good against apoplexy.
 -- n.

Defn: A medicine used against apoplexy.

ANTARCHISM
Ant*ar"chism, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr.

Defn: Opposition to government in general. [R.]

ANTARCHIST
Ant*ar"chist, n.

Defn: One who opposes all government. [R.]

ANTARCHISTIC; ANTARCHISTICAL
Ant`ar*chis"tic, Ant`ar*chis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Opposed to all human government. [R.]

ANTARCTIC
Ant*arc"tic, a. Etym: [OE. antartik, OF. antartique, F. antarctique,
L. antarcticus, fr. Gr. Arctic.]

Defn: Opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the
southern pole or to the region near it, and applied especially to a
circle, distant from the pole 23º 28min. Thus we say the antarctic
pole, circle, ocean, region, current, etc.

ANTARES
An*ta"res, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The principal star in Scorpio: -- called also the Scorpion's
Heart.

ANTARTHRITIC
Ant`ar*thrit"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + arthritic.] (Med.)
Counteracting or alleviating gout.
 -- n.

Defn: A remedy against gout.

ANTASTHMATIC
Ant`asth*mat"ic ( or ; see Asthma; 277), a. Etym: [Pref. anti- +
asthmatic.] (Med.)

Defn: Opposing, or fitted to relieve, asthma.
 -- n.

Defn: A remedy for asthma.

ANT-BEAR
Ant"-bear`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An edentate animal of tropical America (the Tamanoir), living
on ants. It belongs to the genus Myrmecophaga.

ANT BIRD
Ant" bird, (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Ant bird, under Ant, n.

ANT-CATTLE
Ant"-cat`tle, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Various kinds of plant lice or aphids tended by ants for the
sake of the honeydew which they secrete. See Aphips.

ANT COW
Ant cow. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any aphid from which ants obtain honeydew.

ANTE-
An"te-.

Defn: A Latin preposition and prefix; akin to Gr. anti, Goth. and-,
anda- (only in comp.), AS. and-, ond-, (only in comp.: cf. Answer,
Along), G. ant-, ent- (in comp.). The Latin ante is generally used in
the sense of before, in regard to position, order, or time, and the
Gr. opposite, or in the place of.

ANTE
An"te, n. (Poker Playing)

Defn: Each player's stake, which is put into the pool before (ante)
the game begins.

ANTE
An"te, v. t. & i.

Defn: To put up (an ante).

ANTEACT
An"te*act`, n.

Defn: A preceding act.

ANTEAL
An"te*al, a. Etym: [antea, ante, before. Cf. Ancient.]

Defn: Being before, or in front. [R.] J. Fleming.

ANT-EATER
Ant"-eat`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of edentates and monotremes that feed
upon ants. See Ant-bear, Pangolin, Aard-vark, and Echidna.

ANTECEDANEOUS
An`te*ce*da"ne*ous, a. Etym: [See Antecede.]

Defn: Antecedent; preceding in time. "Capable of antecedaneous
proof." Barrow.

ANTECEDE
An`te*cede", v. t. & i. Etym: [L. antecedere; ante + cedere to go.
See Cede.]

Defn: To go before in time or place; to precede; to surpass. Sir M.
Hale.

ANTECEDENCE
An`te*ced"ence, n.

1. The act or state of going before in time; precedence. H. Spenser.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: An apparent motion of a planet toward the west; retrogradation.

ANTECEDENCY
An`te*ced"en*cy, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being antecedent; priority.
Fothherby.

ANTECEDENT
An`te*ced"ent, a. Etym: [L. antecedens, -entis, p. pr. of antecedere:
cf. F. antécédent.]

1. Going before in time; prior; anterior; preceding; as, an event
antecedent to the Deluge; an antecedent cause.

2. Presumptive; as, an antecedent improbability.

Syn.
 -- Prior; previous; foregoing.

ANTECEDENT
An`te*ced"ent, n. Etym: [Cf. F. antécédent.]

1. That which goes before in time; that which precedes. South.
The Homeric mythology, as well as the Homeric language, has surely
its antecedents. Max Miller.

2. One who precedes or goes in front. [Obs.]
My antecedent, or my gentleman usher. Massinger.

3. pl.

Defn: The earlier events of one's life; previous principles, conduct,
course, history. J. H. Newman.
If the troops . . . prove worthy of their antecedents, the victory is
surely ours. Gen. G. McClellan.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: The noun to which a relative refers; as, in the sentence
"Solomon was the prince who built the temple," prince is the
antecedent of who.

5. (Logic)
(a) The first or conditional part of a hypothetical proposition; as,
If the earth is fixed, the sun must move.
(b) The first of the two propositions which constitute an enthymeme
or contracted syllogism; as, Every man is mortal; therefore the king
must die.

6. (Math.)

Defn: The first of the two terms of a ratio; the first or third of
the four terms of a proportion. In the ratio a:b, a is the
antecedent, and b the consequent.

ANTECEDENTLY
An`te*ced"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: Previously; before in time; at a time preceding; as,
antecedently to conversion. Barrow.

ANTECESSOR
An`te*ces"sor, n. Etym: [L., fr. antecedere, antecessum. See
Antecede, Ancestor.]

1. One who goes before; a predecessor.
The successor seldom prosecuting his antecessor's devices. Sir E.
Sandys.

2. An ancestor; a progenitor. [Obs.]

ANTECHAMBER
An"te*cham`ber, n. Etym: [Cf. F. antichambre.]

1. A chamber or apartment before the chief apartment and leading into
it, in which persons wait for audience; an outer chamber. See Lobby.

2. A space viewed as the outer chamber or the entrance to an interior
part.
The mouth, the antechamber to the digestive canal. Todd & Bowman.

ANTECHAPEL
An"te*chap`el, n.

Defn: The outer part of the west end of a collegiate or other chapel.
Shipley.

ANTECHOIR
An"te*choir`, n. (Arch.)
 (a) A space inclosed or reserved at the entrance to the choir, for
the clergy and choristers.
 (b) Where a choir is divided, as in some Spanish churches, that
division of it which is the farther from the sanctuary.

ANTECIANS
An*te"cians, n. pl.

Defn: See Ant.

ANTECOMMUNION
An`te*com*mun"ion, n.

Defn: A name given to that part of the Anglican liturgy for the
communion, which precedes the consecration of the elements.

ANTECURSOR
An`te*cur"sor, n. Etym: [L., fr. antecurrere to run before; ante +
currere to run.]

Defn: A forerunner; a precursor. [Obs.]

ANTEDATE
An"te*date`, n.

1. Prior date; a date antecedent to another which is the actual date.

2. Anticipation. [Obs.] Donne.

ANTEDATE
An"te*date`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Antedated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Antedating.]

1. To date before the true time; to assign to an earlier date; thus,
to antedate a deed or a bond is to give it a date anterior to the
true time of its execution.

2. To precede in time.

3. To anticipate; to make before the true time.
And antedate the bliss above. Pope.
Who rather rose the day to antedate. Wordsworth.

ANTEDILUVIAL
An`te*di*lu"vi*al, a. Etym: [Pref. ante- + diluvial.]

Defn: Before the flood, or Deluge, in Noah's time.

ANTEDILUVIAN
An`te*di*lu"vi*an, a.

Defn: Of or relating to the period before the Deluge in Noah's time;
hence, antiquated; as, an antediluvian vehicle.
 -- n.

Defn: One who lived before the Deluge.

ANTEFACT
An"te*fact`, n.

Defn: Something done before another act. [Obs.]

ANTEFIX
An"te*fix`, n.; pl. E. Antefixes; L. Antefixa. Etym: [L. ante + fixus
fixed.] (Arch.)
(a) An ornament fixed upon a frieze.
(b) An ornament at the eaves, concealing the ends of the joint tiles
of the roof.
(c) An ornament of the cymatium of a classic cornice, sometimes
pierced for the escape of water.

ANTEFLEXION
An`te*flex"ion, n. (Med.)

Defn: A displacement forward of an organ, esp. the uterus, in such
manner that its axis is bent upon itself. T. G. Thomas.

ANT EGG
Ant" egg`.

Defn: One of the small white egg-shaped pupæ or cocoons of the ant,
often seen in or about ant-hills, and popularly supposed to be eggs.

ANTELOPE
An"te*lope, n. Etym: [OF. antelop, F. antilope, fro Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of ruminant quadrupeds, intermediate between the
deer and the goat. The horns are usually annulated, or ringed. There
are many species in Africa and Asia.
The antelope and wolf both fierce and fell. Spenser.

Note: The common or bezoar antelope of India is Antilope bezoartica.
The chamois of the Alps, the gazelle, the addax, and the eland are
other species. See Gazelle. The pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra
Americana) is found in the Rocky Mountains. See Pronghorn.

ANTELUCAN
An`te*lu"can, a. Etym: [L. antelucanus; ante + lux light.]

Defn: Held or being before light; -- a word applied to assemblies of
Christians, in ancient times of persecution, held before light in the
morning. "Antelucan worship." De Quincey.

ANTEMERIDIAN
An`te*me*rid"i*an, a. Etym: [L. antemeridianus; ante + meridianus
belonging to midday or noon. See Meridian.]

Defn: Being before noon; in or pertaining to the forenoon. (Abbrev.
a. m.)

ANTEMETIC
Ant`e*met"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + emetic.] (Med.)

Defn: Tending to check vomiting.
 -- n.

Defn: A remedy to check or allay vomiting.

ANTE MORTEM
An`te mor"tem. [L.]

Defn: Before death; -- generally used adjectivelly; as, an ante-
mortem statement; ante-mortem examination.

 The ante-mortem statement, or dying declaration made in view of
death, by one injured, as to the cause and manner of the injury, is
often receivable in evidence against one charged with causing the
death.

ANTEMOSAIC
An`te*mo*sa"ic, a.

Defn: Being before the time of Moses.

ANTEMUNDANE
An`te*mun"dane, a.

Defn: Being or occurring before the creation of the world. Young.

ANTEMURAL
An`te*mu"ral, n. Etym: [L. antemurale: ante + murus wall. See Mural.]

Defn: An outwork of a strong, high wall, with turrets, in front
gateway (as of an old castle), for defending the entrance.

ANTENATAL
An`te*na"tal, a.

Defn: Before birth. Shelley.

ANTENICENE
An`te*ni"cene, a. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Of or in the Christian church or era, anterior to the first
council of Nice, held a. d. 325; as, antenicene faith.

ANTENNA
An*ten"na, n.; pl. Antennæ. Etym: [L. antenna sail-yard; NL., a
feeler, horn of an insect.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A movable, articulated organ of sensation, attached to the
heads of insects and Crustacea. There are two in the former, and
usually four in the latter. They are used as organs of touch, and in
some species of Crustacea the cavity of the ear is situated near the
basal joint. In insects, they are popularly called horns, and also
feelers. The term in also applied to similar organs on the heads of
other arthropods and of annelids.

ANTENNAL
An*ten"nal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the antennæ. Owen.

ANTENNIFEROUS
An`ten*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Antenna + -ferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Bearing or having antennæ.

ANTENNIFORM
An*ten"ni*form, a. Etym: [Antenna + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like antennæ.

ANTENNULE
An*ten"nule, n. Etym: [Dim. of antenna.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small antenna; -- applied to the smaller pair of antennæ or
feelers of Crustacea.

ANTENUMBER
An`te*num"ber, n.

Defn: A number that precedes another. [R.] Bacon.

ANTENUPTIAL
An`te*nup"tial, a.

Defn: Preceding marriage; as, an antenuptial agreement. Kent.

ANTEORBITAL
An`te*or"bit*al, a. & n. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Antorbital.

ANTEPASCHAL
An`te*pas"chal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the time before the Passover, or before Easter.

ANTEPAST
An"te*past, n. Etym: [Pref. ante- + L. pastus pasture, food. Cf.
Repast.]

Defn: A foretaste.
Antepasts of joy and comforts. Jer. Taylor.

ANTEPENDIUM
An`te*pen"di*um, n. Etym: [LL., fr. L. ante + pendere to hang.]
(Eccl.)

Defn: The hangings or screen in front of the altar; an altar cloth;
the frontal. Smollett.

ANTEPENULT; ANTEPENULTIMA
An`te*pe"nult, An`te*pe*nult"i*ma, n. Etym: [L. antepaenultima (sc.
syllaba) antepenultimate; ante before + paenultimus the last but one;
paene almost + ultimus last.] (Pros.)

Defn: The last syllable of a word except two, as -syl in
monosyllable.

ANTEPENULTIMATE
An`te*pe*nult"i*mate, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the last syllable but two.
 -- n.

Defn: The antepenult.

ANTEPHIALTIC
Ant`eph*i*al"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Good against nightmare.
 -- n.

Defn: A remedy nightmare. Dunglison.

ANTEPILEPTIC
Ant`ep*i*lep"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + epileptic.] (Med.)

Defn: Good against epilepsy.
 -- n.

Defn: A medicine for epilepsy.

ANTEPONE
An"te*pone, v. t. Etym: [L. anteponere.]

Defn: To put before; to prefer. [Obs.] Bailey.

ANTEPORT
An"te*port, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. anteporta.]

Defn: An outer port, gate, or door.

ANTEPORTICO
An`te*por"ti*co, n.

Defn: An outer porch or vestibule.

ANTEPOSITION
An`te*po*si"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. antepositio. See Position.]
(Gram.)

Defn: The placing of a before another, which, by ordinary rules,
ought to follow it.

ANTEPRANDIAL
An`te*pran"di*al, a.

Defn: Preceding dinner.

ANTEPREDICAMENT
An`te*pre*dic"a*ment, n. (Logic)

Defn: A prerequisite to a clear understanding of the predicaments and
categories, such as definitions of common terms. Chambers.

ANTERIOR
An*te"ri*or, a. Etym: [L. anterior, comp. of ante before.]

1. Before in time; antecedent.
Antigonus, who was anterior to Polybius. Sir G. C. Lewis.

2. Before, or toward the front, in place; as, the anterior part of
the mouth; -- opposed to posterior.

Note: In comparative anatomy, anterior often signifies at or toward
the head, cephalic; and in human anatomy it is often used for
ventral.

Syn.
 -- Antecedent; previous; precedent; preceding; former; foregoing.

ANTERIORITY
An*te`ri*or"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. anterioritas.]

Defn: The state of being anterior or preceding in time or in
situation; priority. Pope.

ANTERIORLY
An*te"ri*or*ly, adv.

Defn: In an anterior manner; before.

ANTERO-
An"te*ro-.

Defn: A combining form meaning anterior, front; as, antero-posterior,
front and back; antero-lateral, front side, anterior and at the side.

ANTEROOM
An"te*room, n.

Defn: A room before, or forming an entrance to, another; a waiting
room.

ANTES; ANTAE
An"tes, n. pl. Antæ.

Defn: See Anta.

ANTESTATURE
An`te*stat"ure, n. (Fort.)

Defn: A small intrenchment or work of palisades, or of sacks of
earth.

ANTESTOMACH
An"te*stom`ach, n.

Defn: A cavity which leads into the stomach, as in birds. Ray.

ANTETEMPLE
An"te*tem`ple, n.

Defn: The portico, or narthex in an ancient temple or church.

ANTEVERSION
An`te*ver"sion, n. Etym: [Pref. ante- + L. vertere, versum, to turn.]
(Med.)

Defn: A displacement of an organ, esp. of the uterus, in such manner
that its whole axis is directed further forward than usual.

ANTEVERT
An`te*vert", v. t. Etym: [L. antevertere; ante + vertere to turn.]

1. To prevent. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

2. (Med.)

Defn: To displace by anteversion.

ANTHELION
Ant*hel"ion, n.; pl. Anthelia. Etym: [Pref. anti + Gr. (Meteor.)

Defn: A halo opposite the sun, consisting of a colored ring or rings
around the shadow of the spectator's own head, as projected on a
cloud or on an opposite fog bank.

ANTHELIX
Ant"he*lix, n. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Antihelix.

ANTHELMINTIC
An"thel*min"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Good against intestinal worms.
 -- An anthelmintic remedy. [Written also anthelminthic.]

ANTHEM
An"them, n. Etym: [OE. antym, antefne, AS. antefen, fr. LL.
antiphona, fr. Gr. anthaine, anteine, antieune, F. antienne. See
Antiphon.]

1. Formerly, a hymn sung in alternate parts, in present usage, a
selection from the Psalms, or other parts of the Scriptures or the
liturgy, set to sacred music.

2. A song or hymn of praise. Milton.

ANTHEM
An"them, v. t.

Defn: To celebrate with anthems. [Poet.]
Sweet birds antheming the morn. Keats.

ANTHEMION
An*the"mi*on, Etym: [ fr. Gr.

Defn: A floral ornament. See Palmette.

ANTHEMIS
An"the*mis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Chamomile; a genus of composite, herbaceous plants.

ANTHEMWISE
An"them*wise`, adv.

Defn: Alternately. [Obs.] Bacon.

ANTHER
An"ther, n. Etym: [F. anthère, L. anthera a medicine composed of
flowers, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: That part of the stamen containing the pollen, or fertilizing
dust, which, when mature, is emitted for the impregnation of the
ovary.
 -- An"ther*al, a.

ANTHERIDIUM
An`ther*id"i*um, n.; pl. Anthplwidia. Etym: [Anther + (Bot.)

Defn: The male reproductive apparatus in the lower, consisting of a
cell or other cavity in which spermatozoids are produced; -- called
also spermary.
 -- An`ther*id"i*al, a.

ANTHERIFEROUS
An`ther*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Anther + -ferous.] (Bot.)
(a) Producing anthers, as plants.
(b) Supporting anthers, as a part of a flower. Gray.

ANTHERIFORM
An*ther"i*form, a. Etym: [Anther + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like an anther; anther-shaped.

ANTHEROGENOUS
An`ther*og"e*nous, a. Etym: [Anther + -genous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Transformed from anthers, as the petals of a double flower.

ANTHEROID
An"ther*oid, a. Etym: [Anther + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling an anther.

ANTHEROZOID; ANTHEROZOOID
An`ther*o*zoid, An`ther*o*zoo"id, n. Etym: [Gr. -oid. See Zooid.]
(Bot.)

Defn: One of the mobile male reproductive bodies in the antheridia of
cryptogams.

ANTHESIS
An*the"sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The period or state of full expansion in a flower. Gray.

ANT-HILL
Ant"-hill, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mound thrown up by ants or by termites in forming their
nests.

ANTHOBIAN
An*tho"bi*an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beetle which feeds on flowers.

ANTHOBRANCHIA
An`tho*bran"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of nudibranchiate Mollusca, in which the gills form
a wreath or cluster upon the posterior part of the back. See
Nudibranchiata, and Doris.

ANTHOCARPOUS
An`tho*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having some portion of the floral envelopes attached to the
pericarp to form the fruit, as in the checkerberry, the mulberry, and
the pineapple.

ANTHOCYANIN
An`tho*cy"a*nin, n.

Defn: Same as Anthokyan.

ANTHODIUM
An*tho"di*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The inflorescence of a compound flower in which many florets
are gathered into a involucrate head.

ANTHOGRAPHY
An*thog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A description of flowers.

ANTHOID
An"thoid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resembling a flower; flowerlike.

ANTHOKYAN
An`tho*ky"an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: The blue coloring matter of certain flowers. Same as Cyanin.

ANTHOLITE
An"tho*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil plant, like a petrified flower.

ANTHOLOGICAL
An`tho*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to anthology; consisting of beautiful extracts from
different authors, especially the poets.
He published a geographical and anthological description of all
empires and kingdoms . . . in this terrestrial globe. Wood.

ANTHOLOGIST
An*thol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who compiles an anthology.

ANTHOLOGY
An*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A discourses on flowers. [R.]

2. A collection of flowers; a garland. [R.]

3. A collection of flowers of literature, that is, beautiful passages
from authors; a collection of poems or epigrams; -- particularly
applied to a collection of ancient Greek epigrams.

4. (Gr. Ch.)

Defn: A service book containing a selection of pieces for the
festival services.

ANTHOMANIA
An`tho*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A extravagant fondness for flowers. [R.]

ANTHONY'S FIRE
An"tho*ny's Fire`.

Defn: See Saint Anthony's Fire, under Saint.

ANTHOPHAGOUS
An*thoph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Eating flowers; -- said of certain insects.

ANTHOPHILOUS
An*thoph"i*lous, a. [Gr. 'a`nqos flower + fi`los loving.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Lit., fond of flowers; hence, feeding upon, or living among,
flowers.

ANTHOPHORE
An"tho*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The stipe when developed into an internode between calyx and
corolla, as in the Pink family. Gray.

ANTHOPHOROUS
An*thoph"o*rous, a.

Defn: Flower bearing; supporting the flower.

ANTHOPHYLLITE
An*thoph"yl*lite, n. Etym: [NL. anthophyllum clove.]

Defn: A mineral of the hornblende group, of a yellowish gray or clove
brown color.
 -- An`tho*phyl*lit"ic, a.

ANTHORISM
An"tho*rism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A description or definition contrary to that which is given by
the adverse party. [R.]

ANTHOTAXY
An"tho*tax`y, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The arrangement of flowers in a cluster; the science of the
relative position of flowers; inflorescence.

ANTHOZOA
An`tho*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The class of the Coelenterata which includes the corals and sea
anemones. The three principal groups or orders are Acyonaria,
Actinaria, and Madreporaria.

ANTHOZOAN
An`tho*zo"an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Anthozoa.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Anthozoa.

ANTHOZOIC
An"tho*zo"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Anthozoa.

ANTHRACENE
An"thra*cene, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A solid hydrocarbon, C6H4.C2H2.C6H4, which accompanies
naphthalene in the last stages of the distillation of coal tar. Its
chief use is in the artificial production of alizarin. [Written also
anthracin.]

ANTHRACENE OIL
An"thra*cene oil.

Defn: A heavy green oil (partially solidifying on cooling), which
distills over from coal tar at a temperature above 270º. It is the
principal source of anthracene.

ANTHRACIC
An*thrac"ic, a.

Defn: Of or relating to anthrax; as, anthracic blood.

ANTHRACIFEROUS
An`thra*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. -ferous.] (Min.)

Defn: Yielding anthracite; as, anthraciferous strata.

ANTHRACITE
An"thra*cite, n. Etym: [L. anthracites a kind of bloodstone; fr. Gr.
Anthrax.]

Defn: A hard, compact variety of mineral coal, of high luster,
differing from bituminous coal in containing little or no bitumen, in
consequence of which it burns with a nearly non luminous flame. The
purer specimens consist almost wholly of carbon. Also called glance
coal and blind coal.

ANTHRACITIC
An"thra*cit"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, anthracite; as, anthracitic
formations.

ANTHRACNOSE
An*thrac"nose`, n. [Gr. , , carbuncle +  disease.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several fungus diseases, caused by parasitic species
of the series Melanconiales, attacking the bean, grape, melon,
cotton, and other plants. In the case of the grape, brown concave
spots are formed on the stem and fruit, and the disease is called
bird's-eye rot.

ANTHRACOID
An"thra*coid, a. Etym: [Anthrax + -oid.] (Biol.)

Defn: Resembling anthrax in action; of the nature of anthrax; as, an
anthracoid microbe.

ANTHRACOMANCY
An"thra*co*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by inspecting a burning coal.

ANTHRACOMETER
An`thra*com"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the amount of carbonic acid in a
mixture.

ANTHRACOMETRIC
An`thra*co*met"ric, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an anthracometer.

ANTHRACONITE
An*thra"co*nite, n. Etym: [See Anthracite.] (Min.)

Defn: A coal-black marble, usually emitting a fetid smell when
rubbed; -- called also stinkstone and swinestone.

ANTHRACOSIS
An`thra*co"sis, n. [NL. See Anthrax.] (Med.)

Defn: A chronic lung disease, common among coal miners, due to the
inhalation of coal dust; -- called also collier's lung and miner's
phthisis.

ANTHRAQUINONE
An`thra*qui"none, n. Etym: [Anthracene + quinone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon, C6H4.C2O2.C6H4, subliming in shining yellow
needles. It is obtained by oxidation of anthracene.

ANTHRAX
An"thrax, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.)
(a) A carbuncle.
(b) A malignant pustule.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A microscopic, bacterial organism (Bacillus anthracis),
resembling transparent rods. [See Illust. under Bacillus.]

3. An infectious disease of cattle and sheep. It is ascribed to the
presence of a rod-shaped bacterium (Bacillus anthracis), the spores
of which constitute the contagious matter. It may be transmitted to
man by inoculation. The spleen becomes greatly enlarged and filled
with bacteria. Called also splenic fever.

ANTHRAX VACCINE
An"thrax vac"cine. (Veter.)

Defn: A fluid vaccine obtained by growing a bacterium (Bacterium
anthracis) in beef broth. It is used to immunize animals, esp.
cattle.

ANTHRENUS
An*thre"nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small beetles, several of which, in the larval
state, are very destructive to woolen goods, fur, etc. The common
"museum pest" is A. varius; the carpet beetle is A. scrophulariæ. The
larvæ are commonly confounded with moths.

ANTHROPIC; ANTHROPICAL
An*throp"ic, An*throp"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or related to man; human. [R.] Owen.

ANTHROPIDAE
An*throp"i*dæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The group that includes man only.

ANTHROPOCENTRIC
An`thro*po*cen"tric, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Assuming man as the center or ultimate end; -- applied to
theories of the universe or of any part of it, as the solar system.
Draper.

ANTHROPOGENIC
An`thro*po*gen"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anthropogeny.

ANTHROPOGENY
An`thro*pog"e*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science or study of human generation, or the origin and
development of man.

ANTHROPOGEOGRAPHY
An`thro*po*ge*og"ra*phy, n. [Gr.  man + geography.]

Defn: The science of the human species as to geographical
distribution and environment. Broadly, it includes industrial,
commercial, and political geography, and that part of ethnology which
deals with distribution and physical environment. --
An`thro*po*ge*og"ra*pher (#), n. -- An`thro*po*ge`o*graph"ic*al (#),
a.

ANTHROPOGLOT
An*throp"o*glot, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal which has a tongue resembling that of man, as the
parrot.

ANTHROPOGRAPHY
An`thro*pog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: That branch of anthropology which treats of the actual
distribution of the human race in its different divisions, as
distinguished by physical character, language, institutions, and
customs, in contradistinction to ethnography, which treats
historically of the origin and filiation of races and nations. P.
Cyc.

ANTHROPOID
An"thro*poid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resembling man; -- applied especially to certain apes, as the
ourang or gorilla.
 -- n.

Defn: An anthropoid ape.

ANTHROPOIDAL
An`thro*poid"al, a.

Defn: Anthropoid.

ANTHROPOIDEA
An`thro*poid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Anthropoid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The suborder of primates which includes the monkeys, apes, and
man.

ANTHROPOLATRY
An`thro*pol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Man worship.

ANTHROPOLITE
An*throp"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A petrifaction of the human body, or of any portion of it.

ANTHROPOLOGIC; ANTHROPOLOGICAL
An`thro*po*log"ic, An`thro*po*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to anthropology; belonging to the nature of man.
"Anthropologic wisdom." Kingsley.
 -- An`thro*po*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANTHROPOLOGIST
An`thro*pol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in anthropology.

ANTHROPOLOGY
An`thro*pol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

1. The science of the structure and functions of the human body.

2. The science of man; -- sometimes used in a limited sense to mean
the study of man as an object of natural history, or as an animal.

3. That manner of expression by which the inspired writers attribute
human parts and passions to God.

ANTHROPOMANCY
An"thro*po*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by the entrails of human being.

ANTHROPOMETRIC; ANTHROPOMETRICAL
An`thro*po*met"ric, An`thro*po*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to anthropometry.

ANTHROPOMETRY
An`thro*pom"e*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -mercy.]

Defn: Measurement of the height and other dimensions of human beings,
especially at different ages, or in different races, occupations,
etc. Dunglison.

ANTHROPOMORPHA
An`thro*po*mor"pha, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Anthropomorphism.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The manlike, or anthropoid, apes.

ANTHROPOMORPHIC
An`thro*po*mor"phic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anthromorphism. Hadley.
 -- An`thro*po*mor"phic*al*ly, adv.

ANTHROPOMORPHISM
An`thro*po*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. The representation of the Deity, or of a polytheistic deity, under
a human form, or with human attributes and affections.

2. The ascription of human characteristics to things not human.

ANTHROPOMORPHIST
An`thro*po*mor"phist, n.

Defn: One who attributes the human form or other human attributes to
the Deity or to anything not human.

ANTHROPOMORPHITE
An`thro*po*mor"phite, n.

Defn: One who ascribes a human form or human attributes to the Deity
or to a polytheistic deity. Taylor. Specifically, one of a sect of
ancient heretics who believed that God has a human form, etc.
Tillotson.

ANTHROPOMORPHITIC
An`thro*po*mor*phit"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: to anthropomorphism. Kitto.

ANTHROPOMORPHITISM
An`thro*po*mor"phi*tism, n.

Defn: Anthropomorphism. Wordsworth.

ANTHROPOMORPHIZE
An`thro*po*mor"phize, v. t. & i.

Defn: To attribute a human form or personality to.
You may see imaginative children every day anthropomorphizing.
Lowell.

ANTHROPOMORPHOLOGY
An`thro*po*mor*phol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy. See Anthropomorphism.]

Defn: The application to God of terms descriptive of human beings.

ANTHROPOMORPHOSIS
An`thro*po*mor"pho*sis, n.

Defn: Transformation into the form of a human being.

ANTHROPOMORPHOUS
An`thro*po*mor"phous, a.

Defn: Having the figure of, or resemblance to, a man; as, an
anthromorphous plant. "Anthromorphous apes." Darwin.

ANTHROPONOMICS; ANTHROPONOMY
An`thro*po*nom"ics, An`thro*pon"o*my, n. [Gr.  man +  usage, law,
rule.]

Defn: The science of the laws of the development of the human
organism in relation to other organisms and to environment. --
An`thro*po*nom"ic*al (#), a.

ANTHROPOPATHIC; ANTHROPOPATHICAL
An`thro*po*path"ic, An`thro*po*path"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anthropopathy. [R.] --
An`thro*po*path"ic*al*ly, adv.
The daring anthropopathic imagery by which the prophets often
represent God as chiding, upbraiding, threatening. H. Rogers.

ANTHROPOPATHISM; ANTHROPOPATHY
An`thro*pop"a*thism, An`thro*pop"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The ascription of human feelings or passions to God, or to a
polytheistic deity.
In its recoil from the gross anthropopathy of the vulgar notions, it
falls into the vacuum of absolute apathy. Hare.

ANTHROPOPATHITE
An`thro*pop"a*thite, n.

Defn: One who ascribes human feelings to deity.

ANTHROPOPHAGI
An`thro*poph"a*gi, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: Man eaters; cannibals. Shak.

ANTHROPOPHAGIC; ANTHROPOPHAGICAL
An`thro*po*phag"ic, An`thro*po*phag"ic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to cannibalism or anthropophagy.

ANTHROPOPHAGINIAN
An`thro*poph`a*gin"i*an, n.

Defn: One who east human flesh. [Ludicrous] Shak.

ANTHROPOPHAGITE
An`thro*poph"a*gite, n.

Defn: A cannibal. W. Taylor.

ANTHROPOPHAGOUS
An`thro*poph"a*gous, a.

Defn: Feeding on human flesh; cannibal.

ANTHROPOPHAGY
An`thro*poph"a*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The eating of human flesh; cannibalism.

ANTHROPOPHUISM
An"thro*poph"u*ism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Human nature. [R.] Gladstone.

ANTHROPOSCOPY
An`thro*pos"co*py, n. Etym: [Gr. -scopy.]

Defn: The art of discovering or judging of a man's character,
passions. and inclinations from a study of his visible features. [R.]

ANTHROPOSOPHY
An`thro*pos"o*phy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Knowledge of the nature of man; hence, human wisdom.

ANTHROPOTOMICAL
An`thro*po*tom"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to anthropotomy, or the dissection of human bodies.

ANTHROPOTOMIST
An`thro*pot"o*mist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in anthropotomy, or human anatomy.

ANTHROPOTOMY
An`thro*pot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The anatomy or dissection of the human body; androtomy. Owen.

ANTHYPNOTIC
Ant`hyp*not"ic.

Defn: See Antihypnotic.

ANTHYPOCHONDRIAC
Ant`hyp*o*chon"dri*ac, a. & n.

Defn: See Antihypochondriac.

ANTHYSTERIC
Ant`hys*ter"ic, a. & n.

Defn: See Antihysteric.

ANTI
An"ti. Etym: [Gr. Ante.]

Defn: A prefix meaning against, opposite or opposed to, contrary, or
in place of; -- used in composition in many English words. It is
often shortened to ant-; as, antacid, antarctic.

ANTIAE
An"ti*æ, n. pl. Etym: [L., forelock.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The two projecting feathered angles of the forehead of some
birds; the frontal points.

ANTIALBUMID
An`ti*al*bu"mid, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + -albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A body formed from albumin by pancreatic and gastric digestion.
It is convertible into antipeptone.

ANTIALBUMOSE
An`ti*al"bu*mose`, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: See Albumose.

ANTI-AMERICAN
An`ti-A*mer"i*can, a.

Defn: Opposed to the Americans, their aims, or interests, or to the
genius of American institutions. Marshall.

ANTIAPHRODISIAC
An`ti*aph`ro*dis"i*ac, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Antaphrodisiac.

ANTIAPOPLECTIC
An`ti*ap`o*plec"tic, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Antapoplectic.

ANTIAR
An"ti*ar, n. Etym: [Jav. antjar.]

Defn: A Virulent poison prepared in Java from the gum resin of one
species of the upas tree (Antiaris toxicaria).

ANTIARIN
An`ti*a*rin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous principle obtained from antiar. Watts.

ANTIASTHMATIC
An`ti*asth*mat"ic, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Antasthmatic.

ANTIATTRITION
An`ti*at*tri"tion, n.

Defn: Anything to prevent the effects of friction, esp. a compound
lubricant for machinery, etc., often consisting of plumbago, with
some greasy material; antifriction grease.

ANTIBACCHIUS
An`ti*bac*chi"us, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Bacchius.] (Pros.)

Defn: A foot of three syllables, the first two long, and the last
short.

ANTIBACTERIAL
An`ti*bac*te"ri*al, a. (Med.)
 (a) Inimical to bacteria; -- applied esp. to serum for protection
against bacterial diseases.
 (b) Opposed to the bacterial theory of disease.

ANTIBILLOUS
An`ti*bil"lous, a.

Defn: Counteractive of bilious complaints; tending to relieve
biliousness.

ANTIBODY
An"ti*bod`y, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Any of various bodies or substances in the blood which act in
antagonism to harmful foreign bodies, as toxins or the bacteria
producing the toxins. Normal blood serum apparently contains
variousantibodies, and the introduction of toxins or of foreign cells
also results in the development of their specific antibodies.

ANTIBRACHIAL
An`ti*brach"i*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the antibrachium, or forearm.

ANTIBRACHIUM
An`ti*brach"i*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: That part of the fore limb between the brachium and the carpus;
the forearm.

ANTIBROMIC
An`ti*bro"mic, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr.

Defn: An agent that destroys offensive smells; a deodorizer.

ANTIBUBONIC
An`ti*bu*bon"ic, a.

Defn: Good or used against bubonic plague; as, antibubonic serum,
obtained from immunized horses; antibubonic vaccine, a sterilized
bouillon culture of the plague bacillus; antibubonic measures.

ANTIBURGHER
An`ti*burgh"er, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who seceded from the Burghers (1747), deeming it improper
to take the Burgess oath.

ANTIC
An"tic, a. Etym: [The same word as antique; cf. It. antico ancient.
See Antique.]

1. Old; antique. (Zoöl.)

Defn: "Lords of antic fame." Phaer.

2. Odd; fantastic; fanciful; grotesque; ludicrous.
The antic postures of a merry-andrew. Addison.
The Saxons . . . worshiped many idols, barbarous in name, some
monstrous, all antic for shape. Fuller.

ANTIC
An"tic, n.

1. A buffoon or merry-andrew; one that practices odd gesticulations;
the Fool of the old play.

2. An odd imagery, device, or tracery; a fantastic figure.
Woven with antics and wild imagery. Spenser.

3. A grotesque trick; a piece of buffoonery; a caper.
And fraught with antics as the Indian bird That writhes and chatters
in her wiry cage. Wordsworth.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: A grotesque representation. [Obs.]

5. An antimask. [Obs. or R.]
Performed by knights and ladies of his court In nature of an antic.
Ford.

ANTIC
An"tic, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anticked, Antickt.]

Defn: To make appear like a buffoon. [Obs.] Shak.

ANTIC
An"tic, v. i.

Defn: To perform antics.

ANTICATARRHAL
An`ti*ca*tarrh`al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Efficacious against catarrh.
 -- n.

Defn: An anticatarrhal remedy.

ANTICATHODE
An`ti*cath"ode, n. (Phys.)

Defn: The part of a vacuum tube opposite the cathode. Upon it the
cathode rays impinge.

ANTICAUSODIC
An`ti*cau*sod"ic, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Anticausotic.

ANTICAUSOTIC
An`ti*cau*sot"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Good against an inflammatory fever.
 -- n.

Defn: A remedy for such a fever.

ANTICHAMBER
An"ti*cham`ber, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Antechamber.

ANTICHLOR
An"ti*chlor, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + chlorine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any substance (but especially sodium hyposulphite) used in
removing the excess of chlorine left in paper pulp or stuffs after
bleaching.

ANTICHRIST
An"ti*christ, n. Etym: [L. Antichristus, Gr.

Defn: A denier or opponent of Christ. Specif.: A great antagonist,
person or power, expected to precede Christ's second coming.

ANTICHRISTIAN
An`ti*chris"tian, a.

Defn: Opposed to the Christian religion.

ANTICHRISTIANISM; ANTICHRISTIANITY
An`ti*chris"tian*ism, An`ti*chris*tian"i*ty, n.

Defn: Opposition or contrariety to the Christian religion.

ANTICHRISTIANLY
An`ti*chris"tian*ly, adv.

Defn: In an antichristian manner.

ANTICHRONICAL
An`ti*chron"ic*al, a.

Defn: Deviating from the proper order of time.
 -- An`ti*chron"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANTICHRONISM
An*tich"ro*nism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Deviation from the true order of time; anachronism. [R.]
Selden.

ANTICHTHON
An*tich"thon, n.; pl. Antichthones. Etym: [Gr.

1. A hypothetical earth counter to ours, or on the opposite side of
the sun. Grote.

2. pl.

Defn: Inhabitants of opposite hemispheres. Whewell.

ANTICIPANT
An*tic"i*pant, a. Etym: [L. anticipans, p. pr. of anticipare.]

Defn: Anticipating; expectant; -- with of.
Wakening guilt, anticipant of hell. Southey.

ANTICIPATE
An*tic"i*pate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anticipated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Anticipating.] Etym: [L. anticipatus, p. p. of anticipare to
anticipate; ante + capere to make. See Capable.]

1. To be before in doing; to do or take before another; to preclude
or prevent by prior action.
To anticipate and prevent the duke's purpose. R. Hall.
He would probably have died by the hand of the executioner, if indeed
the executioner had not been anticipated by the populace. Macaulay.

2. To take up or introduce beforehand, or before the proper or normal
time; to cause to occur earlier or prematurely; as, the advocate has
anticipated a part of his argument.

3. To foresee (a wish, command, etc.) and do beforehand that which
will be desired.

4. To foretaste or foresee; to have a previous view or impression of;
as, to anticipate the pleasures of a visit; to anticipate the evils
of life.

Syn.
 -- To prevent; obviate; preclude; forestall; expect.
 -- To Anticipate, Expect. These words, as here compared, agree in
regarding some future event as about to take place. Expect is the
stringer. It supposes some ground or reason in the mind for
considering the event as likely to happen. Anticipate is, literally,
to take beforehand, and here denotes simply to take into the mind as
conception of the future. Hence, to say, "I did not anticipate a
refusal," expresses something less definite and strong than to say, "
did not expect it." Still, anticipate is a convenient word to be
interchanged with expect in cases where the thought will allow.
Good with bad Expect to hear; supernal grace contending With
sinfulness of men. Milton.
I would not anticipate the relish of any happiness, nor feel the
weight of any misery, before it actually arrives. Spectator.
Timid men were anticipating another civil war. Macaulay.

ANTICIPATION
An*tic`i*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. anticipatio: cf. F. anticipation.]

1. The act of anticipating, taking up, placing, or considering
something beforehand, or before the proper time in natural order.
So shall my anticipation prevent your discovery. Shak.

2. Previous view or impression of what is to happen; instinctive
prevision; foretaste; antepast; as, the anticipation of the joys of
heaven.
The happy anticipation of renewed existence in company with the
spirits of the just. Thodey.

3. Hasty notion; intuitive preconception.
Many men give themselves up to the first anticipations of their
minds. Locke.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: The commencing of one or more tones of a chord with or during
the chord preceding, forming a momentary discord.

Syn.
 -- Preoccupation; preclusion; foretaste; prelibation; antepast;
pregustation; preconception; expectation; foresight; forethought.

ANTICIPATIVE
An*tic"i*pa*tive, a.

Defn: Anticipating, or containing anticipation. "Anticipative of the
feast to come." Cary.
 -- An*tic"i*pa*tive*ly, adv.

ANTICIPATOR
An*tic"i*pa`tor, n.

Defn: One who anticipates.

ANTICIPATORY
An*tic"i*pa*to*ry, a.

Defn: Forecasting; of the nature of anticipation. Owen.
Here is an anticipatory glance of what was to be. J. C. Shairp.

ANTICIVIC
An`ti*civ"ic, n.

Defn: Opposed to citizenship.

ANTICIVISM
An`ti*civ"ism, n.

Defn: Opposition to the body politic of citizens. [Obs.] Carlyle.

ANTICLASTIC
An`ti*clas"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- = Gr.

Defn: Having to opposite curvatures, that is, curved longitudinally
in one direction and transversely in the opposite direction, as the
surface of a saddle.

ANTICLIMAX
An`ti*cli"max, n. (Rhet.)

Defn: A sentence in which the ideas fall, or become less important
and striking, at the close; -- the opposite of climax. It produces a
ridiculous effect. Example:
Next comes Dalhousie, the great god of war,
Lieutenant-colonel to the Earl ANTICLINAL
An`ti*cli"nal, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr.

Defn: Inclining or dipping in opposite directions. See Synclinal.
Anticlinal line, Anticlinal axis (Geol.), a line from which strata
dip in opposite directions, as from the ridge of a roof.
 -- Anticlinal vertebra (Anat.), one of the dorsal vertebræ, which in
many animals has an upright spine toward which the spines of the
neighboring vertebræ are inclined.

ANTICLINAL
An`ti*cli"nal, n. (Geol.)

Defn: The crest or line in which strata slope or dip in opposite
directions.

ANTICLINE
An"ti*cline, n. [See Anticlinal.] (Geol.)

Defn: A structure of bedded rocks in which the beds on both sides of
an axis or axial plane dip away from the axis; an anticlinal.

ANTICLINORIUM
An`ti*cli*no"ri*um, n.; pl. Anticlinoria. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: The upward elevation of the crust of the earth, resulting from
a geanticlinal.

ANTICLY
An"tic*ly, adv.

Defn: Oddly; grotesquely.

ANTIC-MASK
An"tic-mask`, n.

Defn: An antimask. B. Jonson.

ANTICNESS
An"tic*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being antic. Ford.

ANTICOHERER
An`ti*co*her"er, n. (Wireless Teleg.)

Defn: A device, one form of which consists of a scratched deposit of
silver on glass, used in connection with the receiving apparatus for
reading wireless signals. The electric waves falling on this
contrivance increase its resistance several times. The anticoherer
can be used in conjunction with a telephone.

ANTICONSTITUTIONAL
An`ti*con`sti*tu"tion*al, a.

Defn: Opposed to the constitution; unconstitutional.

ANTICONTAGIOUS
An`ti*con*ta"gious, a. (Med.)

Defn: Opposing or destroying contagion.

ANTICONVULSIVE
An`ti*con*vul"sive, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against convulsions. J. Floyer.

ANTICOR
An"ti*cor, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + L. cor heart; cf. F. antic.]
(Far.)

Defn: A dangerous inflammatory swelling of a horse's breast, just
opposite the heart.

ANTICOUS
An*ti"cous, a. Etym: [L. anticus in front, foremost, fr. ante
before.] (Bot.)

Defn: Facing toward the axis of the flower, as in the introrse
anthers of the water lily.

ANTICYCLONE
An"ti*cy`clone, n. (Meteorol.)

Defn: A movement of the atmosphere opposite in character, as regards
direction of the wind and distribution of barometric pressure, to
that of a cyclone.
 -- An`ti*cy*clon"ic, a.
 -- An`ti*cy*clon"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANTIDIPHTHERITIC
An`ti*diph`the*rit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Destructive to, or hindering the growth of, diphtheria bacilli.
-- n.

Defn: An antidiphtheritic agent.

ANTIDOTAL
An"ti*do`tal(#) a.

Defn: Having the quality an antidote; fitted to counteract the
effects of poison. Sir T. Browne.
 -- An"ti*do`tal*ly, adv.

ANTIDOTARY
An"ti*do`ta*ry, a.

Defn: Antidotal.
 -- n. Antidote; also, a book of antidotes.

ANTIDOTE
An"ti*dote, n. Etym: [L. antidotum, Gr. antidote. See Dose, n.]

1. A remedy to counteract the effects of poison, or of anything
noxious taken into the stomach; -- used with against, for, or to; as,
an antidote against, for, or to, poison.

2. Whatever tends to prevent mischievous effects, or to counteract
evil which something else might produce.

ANTIDOTE
An"ti*dote, v. t.

1. To counteract or prevent the effects of, by giving or taking an
antidote.
Nor could Alexander himself . . . antidote . . . the poisonous
draught, when it had once got into his veins. South.

2. To fortify or preserve by an antidote.

ANTIDOTICAL
An`ti*dot"ic*al, a.

Defn: Serving as an antidote.
 -- An`ti*dot"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANTIDROMOUS
An*tid"ro*mous, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Changing the direction in the spiral sequence of leaves on a
stem.

ANTIDYSENTERIC
An`ti*dys`en*ter"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against dysentery.
 -- n.

Defn: A medicine for dysentery.

ANTIEMETIC
An`ti*e*met"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Antemetic.

ANTIEPHIALTIC
An`ti*eph`i*al"tic, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Antephialtic.

ANTIEPILEPTIC
An`ti*ep`i*lep"tic, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Antepileptic.

ANTIFEBRILE
An`ti*fe"brile, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Febrifuge.

ANTIFEBRINE
An`ti*feb"rine, n. (Med.)

Defn: Acetanilide.

ANTI-FEDERALIST
An`ti-fed"er*al*ist, n.

Defn: One of party opposed to a federative government; -- applied
particularly to the party which opposed the adoption of the
constitution of the United States. Pickering.

ANTIFRICTION
An`ti*fric"tion, n.

Defn: Something to lessea. Tending to lessen friction.

ANTIGALASTIC
An`ti*ga*las"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr.

Defn: Causing a diminution or a suppression of the secretion of milk.

ANTI-GALLICAN
An`ti-Gal"li*can, a.

Defn: Opposed to what is Gallic or French.

ANTIGRAPH
An"ti*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. antigraphe.]

Defn: A copy or transcript.

ANTIGUGGLER
An`ti*gug"gler n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + guggle or gurgle.]

Defn: A crooked tube of metal, to be introduced into the neck of a
bottle for drawing out the liquid without disturbing the sediment or
causing a gurgling noise.

ANTIHELIX
An`ti*he"lix, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The curved elevation of the cartilage of the ear, within or in
front of the helix. See Ear.

ANTIHEMORRHAGIC
An`ti*hem`or*rhag"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Tending to stop hemorrhage.
 -- n.

Defn: A remedy for hemorrhage.

ANTIHYDROPHOBIC
An`ti*hy`dro*phob"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Counteracting or preventing hydrophobia.
 -- n.

Defn: A remedy for hydrophobia.

ANTIHYDROPIC
An`ti*hy*drop"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against dropsy.
 -- n.

Defn: A remedy for dropsy.

ANTIHYPNOTIC
An`ti*hyp*not"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Tending to prevent sleep.
 -- n.

Defn: An antihypnotic agent.

ANTIHYPOCHONDRIAC
An`ti*hyp`o*chon"dri*ac, a. (Med.)

Defn: Counteractive of hypochondria.
 -- n.

Defn: A remedy for hypochondria.

ANTIHYSTERIC
An`ti*hys*ter"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Counteracting hysteria.
 -- n.

Defn: A remedy for hysteria.

ANTIICTERIC
An`ti*ic*ter"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against jaundice.
 -- n.

Defn: A remedy for jaundice.

ANTI-IMPERIALISM
An`ti-im*pe"ri*al*ism, n.

Defn: Opposition to imperialism; -- applied specif., in the United
States, after the Spanish-American war (1898), to the attitude or
principles of those opposing territorial expansion; in England, of
those, often called Little Englanders, opposing the extension of the
empire and the closer relation of its parts, esp. in matters of
commerce and imperial defense. -- An`ti-im*pe"ri*al*ist, n. -- An`ti-
im*pe`ri*al*is"tic (#), a.

ANTILEGOMENA
An`ti*le*gom"e*na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Eccl.)

Defn: Certain books of the New Testament which were for a time not
universally received, but which are now considered canonical. These
are the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Epistles of James and Jude, the
second Epistle of Peter, the second and third Epistles of John, and
the Revelation. The undisputed books are called the Homologoumena.

ANTILIBRATION
An`ti*li*bra"tion, n.

Defn: A balancing; equipoise. [R.] De Quincey.

ANTILITHIC
An`ti*lith"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Tending to prevent the formation of urinary calculi, or to
destroy them when formed.
 -- n.

Defn: An antilithic medicine.

ANTILOGARITHM
An`ti*log"a*rithm, n. (Math.)

Defn: The number corresponding to a logarithm. The word has been
sometimes, though rarely, used to denote the complement of a given
logarithm; also the logarithmic cosine corresponding to a given
logarithmic sine.
 -- An`ti*log`a*rith"mic, a.

ANTILOGOUS
An*til"o*gous, a.

Defn: Of the contrary name or character; -- opposed to analogous.
Antilogous pole (Eccl.), that pole of a crystal which becomes
negatively electrified when heated.

ANTILOGY
An*til"o*gy, n.; pl. Antilogies. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A contradiction between any words or passages in an author. Sir
W. Hamilton.

ANTILOIMIC
An`ti*loi"mic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A remedy against the plague. Brande & C.

ANTILOPINE
An*til"o*pine, a.

Defn: Of or relating to the antelope.

ANTILOQUIST
An*til"o*quist, n.

Defn: A contradicter. [Obs.]

ANTILOQUY
An*til"o*quy, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + L. loqui to speak.]

Defn: Contradiction. [Obs.]

ANTILYSSIC
An`ti*lys"sic, a. & n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Antihydrophobic.

ANTIMACASSAR
An`ti*ma*cas"sar, n.

Defn: A cover for the back or arms of a chair or sofa, etc., to
prevent them from being soiled by macassar or other oil from the
hair.

ANTIMAGISTRICAL
An`ti*ma*gis"tric*al, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + magistrical for
magistratical.]

Defn: Opposed to the office or authority of magistrates. [Obs.]
South.

ANTIMALARIAL
An`ti*ma*la"ri*al, a.

Defn: Good against malaria.

ANTIMASK
An"ti*mask`, n.

Defn: A secondary mask, or grotesque interlude, between the parts of
a serious mask. [Written also anue.] Bacon.

ANTIMASON
An`ti*ma"son, n.

Defn: One opposed to Freemasonry.
 -- An`ti*ma*son"ic, a.

ANTIMASONRY
An`ti*ma"son*ry, n.

Defn: Opposition to Freemasonry.

ANTIMEPHITIC
An`ti*me*phit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against mephitic or deletplwious gases.
 -- n.

Defn: A remedy against mephitic gases. Dunglison.

ANTIMERE
An"ti*mere, n. Etym: [. anti- + -mere.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of the two halves of bilaterally symmetrical animals; one
of any opposite symmetrical or homotypic parts in animals and plants.

ANTIMETABOLE
An`ti*me*tab"o*le, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure in which the same words or ideas are repeated in
transposed order.

ANTIMETATHESIS
An`ti*me*tath"e*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: An antithesis in which the members are repeated in inverse
order.

ANTIMETER
An*tim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A modification of the quadrant, for measuring small angles.
[Obs.]

ANTIMONARCHIC; ANTIMONARCHICAL
An`ti*mo*nar"chic, An`ti*mo*nar"chic*al,

Defn: Opposed to monarchial government. Bp. Benson. Addison.

ANTIMONARCHIST
An`ti*mon"arch*ist, n.

Defn: An enemy to monarchial government.

ANTIMONATE
An`ti*mo"nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of antimonic acid with a base or basic radical.
[Written also antimoniate.]

ANTIMONIAL
An`ti*mo"ni*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to antimony.
 -- n. (Med.)

Defn: A preparation or medicine containing antimony. Antimonial
powder, a consisting of one part oxide of antimony and two parts
phosphate of calcium; -- also called James's powder.

ANTIMONIATED
An`ti*mo"ni*a`ted, a.

Defn: Combined or prepared with antimony; as, antimoniated tartar.

ANTIMONIC
An`ti*mon"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, antimony; -- said of those
compounds of antimony in which this element has its highest
equivalence; as, antimonic acid.

ANTIMONIOUS
An`ti*mo"ni*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, antimony; -- said of those
compounds of antimony in which this element has an equivalence next
lower than the highest; as, antimonious acid.

ANTIMONITE
An"ti*mo*nite`, n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of antimonious acid and a base or basic radical.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Stibnite.

ANTIMONIURETED
An`ti*mo"ni*u*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined with or containing antimony; as, antimoniureted
hydrogen. [Written also antimoniuretted.]

ANTIMONSOON
An"ti*mon*soon", n. (Meteor.)

Defn: The upper, contrary-moving current of the atmosphere over a
monsoon.

ANTIMONY
An"ti*mo*ny, n. Etym: [LL. antimonium, of unknown origin.] (Chem.)

Defn: An elementary substance, resembling a metal in its appearance
and physical properties, but in its chemical relations belonging to
the class of nonmetallic substances. Atomic weight, 120. Symbol, Sb.

Note: It is of tin-white color, brittle, laminated or crystalline,
fusible, and vaporizable at a rather low temperature. It is used in
some metallic alloys, as type metal and bell metal, and also for
medical preparations, which are in general emetics or cathartics. By
ancient writers, and some moderns, the term is applied to native gray
ore of antimony, or stibnite (the stibium of the Romans, and the
Cervantite, senarmontite, and valentinite are native oxides of
antimony.

ANTINATIONAL
An`ti*na"tion*al, a.

Defn: Antagonistic to one's country or nation, or to a national
government.

ANTINEPHRITIC
An`ti*ne*phrit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Counteracting, or deemed of use in, diseases of the kidneys.
 -- n.

Defn: An antinephritic remedy.

ANTINOMIAN
An`ti*no"mi*an, a. Etym: [See Antimony.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Antinomians; opposed to the doctrine
that the moral law is obligatory.

ANTINOMIAN
An`ti*no"mi*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who maintains that, under the gospel dispensation, the
moral law is of no use or obligation, but that faith alone is
necessary to salvation. The sect of Antinomians originated with John
Agricola, in Germany, about the year 1535. Mosheim.

ANTINOMIANISM
An`ti*no"mi*an*ism, n.

Defn: The tenets or practice of Antinomians. South.

ANTINOMIST
An*tin"o*mist, n.

Defn: An Antinomian. [R.] Bp. Sanderson.

ANTINOMY
An*tin"o*my, n.; pl. Antinomies. Etym: [L. antinomia, Gr.

1. Opposition of one law or rule to another law or rule.
Different commentators have deduced from it the very opposite
doctrines. In some instances this apparent antinomy is doubtful. De
Quincey.

2. An opposing law or rule of any kind.
As it were by his own antinomy, or counterstatute. Milton.

3. (Metaph.)

Defn: A contradiction or incompatibility of thought or language; --
in the Kantian philosophy, such a contradiction as arises from the
attempt to apply to the ideas of the reason, relations or attributes
which are appropriate only to the facts or the concepts of
experience.

ANTIOCHIAN
An`ti*o"chi*an, a.

1. Pertaining to Antiochus, a contemporary with Cicero, and the
founder of a sect of philosophers.

2. Of or pertaining to the city of Antioch, in Syria. Antiochian
epoch (Chron.), a method of computing time, from the proclamation of
liberty granted to the city of Antioch, about the time of the battle
of Pharsalia, B.C. 48.

ANTIODONTALGIC
An`ti*o`don*tal"gic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Efficacious in curing toothache.
 -- n.

Defn: A remedy for toothache.

ANTIORGASTIC
An`ti*or*gas"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Tending to allay venereal excitement or desire; sedative.

ANTIPAPAL
An`ti*pa"pal, a.

Defn: Opposed to the pope or to popery. Milton.

ANTIPARALLEL
An`ti*par"al*lel, a.

Defn: Running in a contrary direction. Hammond.

ANTIPARALLELS
An`ti*par"al*lels, n. pl. (Geom.)

Defn: Straight lines or planes which make angles in some respect
opposite in character to those made by parallel lines or planes.

ANTIPARALYTIC
An`ti*par`a*lyt"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against paralysis.
 -- n.

Defn: A medicine for paralysis.

ANTIPARALYTICAL
An`ti*par`a*lyt"ic*al, a.

Defn: Antiparalytic.

ANTIPASCH
An"ti*pasch, n. [Pref. anti-+ pasch.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The Sunday after Easter; Low Sunday.

ANTIPATHETIC; ANTIPATHETICAL
An`ti*pa*thet"ic, An`ti*pa*thet"ic*al, a.

Defn: Having a natural contrariety, or constitutional aversion, to a
thing; characterized by antipathy; -- often followed by to. Fuller.

ANTIPATHIC
An`ti*path"ic, a. Etym: [NL. antipathicus, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Belonging to antipathy; opposite; contrary; allopathic.

ANTIPATHIST
An*tip"a*thist, n.

Defn: One who has an antipathy. [R.] "Antipathist of light."
Coleridge.

ANTIPATHIZE
An*tip"a*thize, v. i.

Defn: To feel or show antipathy. [R.]

ANTIPATHOUS
An*tip"a*thous, a.

Defn: Having a natural contrariety; adverse; antipathetic. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.

ANTIPATHY
An*tip"a*thy, n.; pl. Antipathies. Etym: [L. antipathia, Gr.
antipathie. See Pathos.]

1. Contrariety or opposition in feeling; settled aversion or dislike;
repugnance; distaste.
Inveterate antipathies against particular nations, and passionate
attachments to others, are to be avoided. Washington.

2. Natural contrariety; incompatibility; repugnancy of qualities; as,
oil and water have antipathy.
A habit is generated of thinking that a natural antipathy exists
between hope and reason. I. Taylor.

Note: Any is opposed to sympathy. It is followed by to, against, or
between; also sometimes by for.

Syn.
 -- Hatred; aversion; dislike; disgust; distaste; enmity; ill will;
repugnance; contrariety; opposition. See Dislike.

ANTIPEPTONE
An`ti*pep"tone, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A product of gastric and pancreatic digestion, differing from
hemipeptone in not being decomposed by the continued action of
pancreatic juice.

ANTIPERIODIC
An`ti*pe`ri*od"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A remedy possessing the property of preventing the return of
periodic paroxysms, or exacerbations, of disease, as in intermittent
fevers.

ANTIPERISTALTIC
An`ti*per`i*stal"tic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Opposed to, or checking motion; acting upward; -- applied to an
inverted action of the intestinal tube.

ANTIPERISTASIS
An`ti*pe*ris"ta*sis, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Opposition by which the quality opposed asquires strength;
resistance or reaction roused by opposition or by the action of an
opposite principle or quality.

ANTIPERISTATIC
An`ti*per`i*stat"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to antiperistasis.

ANTIPETALOUS
An`ti*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Standing before a petal, as a stamen.

ANTIPHARMIC
An`ti*phar"mic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Antidotal; alexipharmic.

ANTIPHLOGISTIAN
An`ti*phlo*gis"tian, n.

Defn: An opposer of the theory of phlogiston.

ANTIPHLOGISTIC
An`ti*phlo*gis"tic, a.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: Opposed to the doctrine of phlogiston.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Counteracting inflammation.

ANTIPHLOGISTIC
An`ti*phlo*gis"tic, n. (Med.)

Defn: Any medicine or diet which tends to check inflammation. Coxe.

ANTIPHON
An"ti*phon, n. Etym: [LL. antiphona, fr. Gr. Anthem.]

1. A musical response; alternate singing or chanting. See Antiphony,
and Antiphone.

2. A verse said before and after the psalms. Shipley.

ANTIPHONAL
An*tiph"o*nal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to antiphony, or alternate singing; sung
alternately by a divided choir or opposite choirs. Wheatly.
 -- An*tiph"o*nal*ly, adv.

ANTIPHONAL
An*tiph"o*nal, n.

Defn: A book of antiphons or anthems.

ANTIPHONARY
An*tiph"o*na*ry, n. Etym: [LL. antiphonarium. See Antiphoner.]

Defn: A book containing a collection of antiphons; the book in which
the antiphons of the breviary, with their musical notes, are
contained.

ANTIPHONE
An"ti*phone, n. (Mus.)

Defn: The response which one side of the choir makes to the other in
a chant; alternate chanting or signing.

ANTIPHONER
An*tiph"o*ner, n. Etym: [F. antiphonaire. See Antiphon.]

Defn: A book of antiphons. Chaucer.

ANTIPHONIC
An`ti*phon"ic, a.

Defn: Antiphonal.

ANTIPHONY
An*tiph"o*ny, n.; pl. Antiphonies. Etym: [See Antiphon.]

1. A musical response; also, antiphonal chanting or signing.

2. An anthem or psalm sung alternately by a choir or congregation
divided into two parts. Also figuratively.
O! never more for me shall winds intone, With all your tops, a vast
antiphony. R. Browning.

ANTIPHRASIS
An*tiph"ra*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: The use of words in a sense opposite to their proper meaning;
as when a court of justice is called a court of vengeance.

ANTIPHRASTIC; ANTIPHRASTICAL
An`ti*phras"tic, An`ti*phras"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to antiphrasis.
 -- An`ti*phras"tic*al*ly, adv.

ANTIPHTHISIC
An`ti*phthis"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Relieving or curing phthisis, or consumption.
 -- n.

Defn: A medicine for phthisis.

ANTIPHYSICAL
An`ti*phys"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + physical.]

Defn: Contrary to nature; unnatural.

ANTIPHYSICAL
An`ti*phys"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Relieving flatulence; carminative.

ANTIPLASTIC
An`ti*plas"tic, a.

1. Diminishing plasticity.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Preventing or checking the process of healing, or granulation.

ANTIPODAGRIC
An`ti*po*dag"ric, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against gout.
 -- n.

Defn: A medicine for gout.

ANTIPODAL
An*tip"o*dal, a.

1. Pertaining to the antipodes; situated on the opposite side of the
globe.

2. Diametrically opposite. His antipodal shadow." Lowell.

ANTIPODE
An"ti*pode, n.

Defn: One of the antipodes; anything exactly opposite.
In tale or history your beggar is ever the just antipode to your
king. Lamb.

Note: The singular, antipode, is exceptional in formation, but has
been used by good writers. Its regular English plural would be
ân"tî*podes, the last syllable rhyming with abodes, and this
pronunciation is sometimes heard. The plural form (originally a Latin
word without a singular) is in common use, and is pronounced, after
the English method of Latin, ân*tîp"o*dez.

ANTIPODEAN
An`ti*po"de*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the antipodes, or the opposite side of the world;
antipodal.

ANTIPODES
An*tip"o*des, n. Etym: [L. pl., fr. Gr.

1. Those who live on the side of the globe diametrically opposite.

2. The country of those who live on the opposite side of the globe.
Latham.

3. Anything exactly opposite or contrary.
Can there be a greater contrariety unto Christ's judgment, a more
perfect antipodes to all that hath hitherto been gospel Hammond.

ANTIPOLE
An"ti*pole, n.

Defn: The opposite pole; anything diametrically opposed. Geo. Eliot.

ANTIPOPE
An"ti*pope, n.

Defn: One who is elected, or claims to be, pope in opposition to the
pope canonically chosen; esp. applied to those popes who resided at
Avignon during the Great Schism.

ANTIPSORIC
An`tip*sor"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of use in curing the itch.
 -- n.

Defn: An antipsoric remedy.

ANTIPTOSIS
An`tip*to"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: The putting of one case for another.

ANTIPUTREFACTIVE; ANTIPUTRESCENT
An`ti*pu`tre*fac"tive, An`ti*pu*tres"cent, a.

Defn: Counteracting, or preserving from, putrefaction; antiseptic.

ANTIPYIC
An`ti*py"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Checking or preventing suppuration.
 -- n.

Defn: An antipyic medicine.

ANTIPYRESIS
An`ti*py*re"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The condition or state of being free from fever.

ANTIPYRETIC
An`ti*py*ret"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Efficacious in preventing or allaying fever.
 -- n.

Defn: A febrifuge.

ANTIPYRINE
An`ti*py"rine, n. (Med.)

Defn: An artificial alkaloid, believed to be efficient in abating
fever.

ANTIPYROTIC
An`ti*py*rot"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against burns or pyrosis.
 -- n.

Defn: Anything of use in preventing or healing burns or pyrosis.

ANTIQUARIAN
An`ti*qua"ri*an, a. Etym: [See Antiquary].

Defn: Pertaining to antiquaries, or to antiquity; as, antiquarian
literature.

ANTIQUARIAN
An`ti*qua"ri*an, n.

1. An antiquary.

2. A drawing paper of large size. See under Paper, n.

ANTIQUARIANISM
An`ti*qua"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: Character of an antiquary; study or love of antiquities.
Warburton.

ANTIQUARIANIZE
An`ti*qua"ri*an*ize, v. i.

Defn: To act the part of an antiquary. [Colloq.]

ANTIQUARY
An"ti*qua*ry, a. Etym: [L. antiquarius, fr. antiquus ancient. See
Antique.]

Defn: Pertaining to antiquity. [R.] "Instructed by the antiquary
times." Shak.

ANTIQUARY
An"ti*qua*ry, n.; pl. Antiquaries.

Defn: One devoted to the study of ancient times through their relics,
as inscriptions, monuments, remains of ancient habitations, statues,
coins, manuscripts, etc.; one who searches for and studies the relics
of antiquity.

ANTIQUATE
An"ti*quate, v. t. Etym: [L. antiquatus, p. p. of antiquare, fr.
antiquus ancient.]

Defn: To make old, or obsolete; to make antique; to make old in such
a degree as to put out of use; hence, to make void, or abrogate.
Christianity might reasonably introduce new laws, and antiquate or
abrogate old one. Sir M. Hale.

ANTIQUATED
An"ti*qua`ted, a.

Defn: Grown old. Hence: Bygone; obsolete; out of use; old-fashioned;
as, an antiquated law. "Antiquated words." Dryden.
Old Janet, for so he understood his antiquated attendant was
denominated. Sir W. Scott.

Syn.
 -- Ancient; old; antique; obsolete. See Ancient.

ANTIQUATEDNESS
An"ti*qua`ted*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being antiquated.

ANTIQUATENESS
An"ti*quate*ness, n.

Defn: Antiquatedness. [Obs.]

ANTIQUATION
An`ti*qua"tion, n. Etym: [L. antiquatio, fr. antiquare.]

Defn: The act of making antiquated, or the state of being antiquated.
Beaumont.

ANTIQUE
An*tique", a. Etym: [F., fr. L. antiquus old, ancient, equiv. to
anticus, from ante before. Cf. Antic.]

1. Old; ancient; of genuine antiquity; as, an antique statue. In this
sense it usually refers to the flourishing ages of Greece and Rome.
For the antique world excess and pride did hate. Spenser.

2. Old, as respects the present age, or a modern period of time; of
old fashion; antiquated; as, an antique robe. "Antique words."
Spenser.

3. Made in imitation of antiquity; as, the antique style of Thomson's
"Castle of Indolence."

4. Odd; fantastic. [In this sense, written antic.]

Syn.
 -- Ancient; antiquated; obsolete; antic; old-fashioned; old. See
Ancient.

ANTIQUE
An*tique", n. Etym: [F. See Antique, a. ]

Defn: In general, anything very old; but in a more limited sense, a
relic or object of ancient art; collectively, the antique, the
remains of ancient art, as busts, statues, paintings, and vases.
Misshapen monuments and maimed antiques. Byron.

ANTIQUELY
An*tique"ly, adv.

Defn: In an antique manner.

ANTIQUENESS
An*tique"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being antique; an appearance of ancient origin
and workmanship.
We may discover something venerable in the antiqueness of the work.
Addison.

ANTIQUIST
An"ti*quist, n.

Defn: An antiquary; a collector of antiques. [R.] Pinkerton.

ANTIQUITARIAN
An*tiq`ui*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: An admirer of antiquity.

Note: [Used by Milton in a disparaging sense.] [Obs.]

ANTIQUITY
An*tiq"ui*ty, n.; pl. Antiquities. Etym: [L. antiquitas, fr.
antiquus: cf. F. antiquité. See Antique.]

1. The quality of being ancient; ancientness; great age; as, a statue
of remarkable antiquity; a family of great antiquity.

2. Old age. [Obs.]
It not your voice broken . . . and every part about you blasted with
antiquity Shak.

3. Ancient times; former ages; times long since past; as, Cicero was
an eloquent orator of antiquity.

4. The ancients; the people of ancient times.
That such pillars were raised by Seth all antiquity has Sir W.
Raleigh.

5. An old gentleman. [Obs.]
You are a shrewd antiquity, neighbor Clench. B. Jonson.

6. A relic or monument of ancient times; as, a coin, a statue, etc. ;
an ancient institution.

Note: [In this sense, usually in the plural.] "Heathen antiquities."
Bacon.

ANTIRACHITIC
An`ti*ra*chit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against the rickets.

ANTIRENTER
An`ti*rent"er, n.

Defn: One opposed to the payment of rent; esp. one of those who in
1840-47 resisted the collection of rents claimed by the patroons from
the settlers on certain manorial lands in the State of New York.
 -- An`ti*rent"ism, n.

ANTISABBATARIAN
An`ti*sab`ba*ta"ri*an, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: One of a sect which opposes the observance of the Christian
Sabbath.

ANTISACERDOTAL
An`ti*sac`er*do"tal, a.

Defn: Hostile to priests or the priesthood. Waterland.

ANTISCIANS; ANTISCII
An*tis"cians, An*tis"ci*i, n. pl. Etym: [L. antiscii, Gr.

Defn: The inhabitants of the earth, living on different sides of the
equator, whose shadows at noon are cast in opposite directions.
The inhabitants of the north and south temperate zones are always
Antiscians. Brande & C.

ANTISCOLETIC; ANTISCOLIC
An`ti*sco*let"ic, An`ti*scol"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Anthelmintic.

ANTISCORBUTIC
An`ti*scor*bu"tic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Counteracting scurvy.
 -- n.

Defn: A remedy for scurvy.

ANTISCORBUTICAL
An`ti*scor*bu"tic*al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Antiscorbutic.

ANTISCRIPTURAL
An`ti*scrip"tur*al, a.

Defn: Opposed to, or not in accordance with, the Holy Scriptures.

ANTI-SEMITISM
An`ti-Sem"i*tism, n.

Defn: Opposition to, or hatred of, Semites, esp. Jews. -- An`ti-
Sem"ite (#), n. -- An`ti-Sem*it"ic (#), a.

ANTISEPALOUS
An`ti*sep"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + sepal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Standing before a sepal, or calyx leaf.

ANTISEPSIS
An`ti*sep"sis, n. [NL. See Anti-; Sepsis.]

Defn: Prevention of sepsis by excluding or destroying microorganisms.

ANTISEPTIC; ANTISEPTICAL
An`ti*sep"tic, An`ti*sep"tic*al, a.

Defn: Counteracting or preventing putrefaction, or a putrescent
tendency in the system; antiputrefactive. Antiseptic surgery, that
system of surgical practice which insists upon a systematic use of
antiseptics in the performance of operations and the dressing of
wounds.

ANTISEPTIC
An`ti*sep"tic, n.

Defn: A substance which prevents or retards putrefaction, or
destroys, or protects from, putrefactive organisms; as, salt,
carbolic acid, alcohol, cinchona.

ANTISEPTICALLY
An`ti*sep"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By means of antiseptics.

ANTISIALAGOGUE
An`ti*si*al"a*gogue, a. (Med.)

Defn: Checking the flow of saliva.

ANTISIALAGOGUE
An`ti*si*al"a*gogue, n.

Defn: A remedy against excessive salivation.

ANTISLAVERY
An`ti*slav"er*y, a.

Defn: Opposed to slavery.
 -- n.

Defn: Opposition to slavery.

ANTISOCIAL
An`ti*so"cial, a.

Defn: Tending to interrupt or destroy social intercourse; averse to
society, or hostile to its existence; as, antisocial principles.

ANTISOCIALIST
An`ti*so"cial*ist, n.

Defn: One opposed to the doctrines and practices of socialists or
socialism.

ANTISOLAR
An`ti*so"lar, a.

Defn: Opposite to the sun; -- said of the point in the heavens 180º
distant from the sun.

ANTISPASMODIC
An`ti*spas*mod"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against spasms.
 -- n.

Defn: A medicine which prevents or allays spasms or convulsions.

ANTISPAST
An"ti*spast, n. Etym: [L. antispastus, Gr. (Pros.)

Defn: A foot of four syllables, the first and fourth short, and the
second and third long.

ANTISPASTIC
An`ti*spas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. Antispast.] (Med.)
(a) Believed to cause a revulsion of fluids or of humors from one
part to another. [Obs.]
(b) Counteracting spasms; antispasmodic.
 -- n.

Defn: An antispastic agent.

ANTISPLENETIC
An`ti*splen"e*tic (Splenetic, 277), a.

Defn: Good as a remedy against disease of the spleen.
 -- n.

Defn: An antisplenetic medicine.

ANTISTROPHE
An*tis"tro*phe, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Strophe.]

1. In Greek choruses and dances, the returning of the chorus, exactly
answering to a previous strophe or movement from right to left.
Hence: The lines of this part of the choral song.
It was customary, on some occasions, to dance round the altars whilst
they sang the sacred hymns, which consisted of three stanzas or
parts; the first of which, called strophe, was sung in turning from
east to west; the other, named antistrophe, in returning from west to
east; then they stood before the altar, and sang the epode, which was
the last part of the song. Abp. Potter.

2. (Rhet.)
(a) The repetition of words in an inverse order; as, the master of
the servant and the servant of the master.
(b) The retort or turning of an adversary's plea against him.

ANTISTROPHIC
An`ti*stroph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an antistrophe.

ANTISTROPHON
An*tis"tro*phon, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: An argument retorted on an opponent. Milton.

ANTISTRUMATIC
An`ti*stru"mat"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Antistrumous.
 -- n.

Defn: A medicine for scrofula.

ANTISTRUMOUS
An`ti*stru"mous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against scrofulous disorders. Johnson. Wiseman.

ANTISYPHILITIC
An`ti*syph`i*lit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Efficacious against syphilis.
 -- n.

Defn: A medicine for syphilis.

ANTITHEISM
An`ti*the"ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of antitheists.
 -- An`ti*the*is"tic, a.

ANTITHEIST
An`ti*the"ist, n.

Defn: A disbeliever in the existence of God.

ANTITHESIS
An*tith"e*sis, n.; pl. Antitheses. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Thesis.]

1. (Rhet.)

Defn: An opposition or contrast of words or sentiments occurring in
the same sentence; as, "The prodigal robs his heir; the miser robs
himself." "He had covertly shot at Cromwell; he how openly aimed at
the Queen."

2. The second of two clauses forming an antithesis.

3. Opposition; contrast.

ANTITHET
An"ti*thet, n. Etym: [L. antitheton, fr. Gr.

Defn: An antithetic or contrasted statement. Bacon.

ANTITHETIC; ANTITHETICAL
An`ti*thet"ic, An`ti*thet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to antithesis, or opposition of words and
sentiments; containing, or of the nature of, antithesis; contrasted.

ANTITHETICALLY
An`ti*thet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By way antithesis.

ANTITOXIN; ANTITOXINE
An`ti*tox"in, An`ti*tox"ine, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + toxin.]

Defn: A substance (sometimes the product of a specific micro-organism
and sometimes naturally present in the blood or tissues of an
animal), capable of producing immunity from certain diseases, or of
counteracting the poisonous effects of pathogenic bacteria.

ANTI-TRADE
An"ti-trade`, n.

Defn: A tropical wind blowing steadily in a direction opposite to the
trade wind.

ANTITRAGUS
An*tit"ra*gus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A prominence on the lower posterior portion of the concha of
the external ear, opposite the tragus. See Ear.

ANTITROCHANTER
An`ti*tro*chan"ter, n. (Anat.)

Defn: An articular surface on the ilium of birds against which the
great trochanter of the femur plays.

ANTITROPAL; ANTITROPOUS
An*tit"ro*pal, An*tit"ro*pous, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: At the extremity most remote from the hilum, as the embryo, or
inverted with respect to the seed, as the radicle. Lindley.

ANTITYPAL
An"ti*ty`pal, a.

Defn: Antitypical. [R.]

ANTITYPE
An"ti*type, n. Etym: [Gr. Type.]

Defn: That of which the type pattern or representation; that which is
represented by the type or symbol.

ANTITYPICAL
An`ti*typ"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an antitype; explaining the type.
 -- An`ti*typ"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANTITYPOUS
An*tit"y*pous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Resisting blows; hard. [Obs.] Cudworth.

ANTITYPY
An*tit"y*py, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Opposition or resistance of matter to force. [R.] Sir W.
Hamilton.

ANTIVACCINATION
An`ti*vac`ci*na"tion, n.

Defn: Opposition to vaccination. London Times.

ANTIVACCINATIONIST
An`ti*vac`ci*na"tion*ist, n.

Defn: An antivaccinist.

ANTIVACCINIST
An`ti*vac"ci*nist, n.

Defn: One opposed to vaccination.

ANTIVARIOLOUS
An`ti*va*ri"o*lous, a.

Defn: Preventing the contagion of smallpox.

ANTIVENEREAL
An`ti*ve*ne"re*al, a.

Defn: Good against venereal poison; antisyphilitic.

ANTIVENIN
An`ti*ve"nin, n. [Written also antivenen, antivenine.] [Pref. anti- +
L. venenum poison.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The serum of blood rendered antitoxic to a venom by repeated
injections of small doses of the venom.

ANTIVIVISECTION
An`ti*viv`i*sec"tion, n.

Defn: Opposition to vivisection.

ANTIVIVISECTIONIST
An`ti*viv`i*sec"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One opposed to vivisection

ANTIZYMIC
An`ti*zym"ic, a.

Defn: Preventing fermentation.

ANTIZYMOTIC
An`ti*zy*mot"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Preventing fermentation or decomposition.
 -- n.

Defn: An agent so used.

ANTLER
Ant"ler, n. Etym: [OE. auntelere, OF. antoillier, andoiller,
endouiller, fr. F. andouiller, fr. an assumed LL. antocularis, fr. L.
ante before + oculus eye. See Ocular.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The entire horn, or any branch of the horn, of a cervine
animal, as of a stag.
Huge stags with sixteen antlers. Macaulay.

Note: The branch next to the head is called the brow antler, and the
branch next above, the bez antler, or bay antler. The main stem is
the beam, and the branches are often called tynes. Antlers are
deciduous bony (not horny) growths, and are covered with a periosteum
while growing. See Velvet. Antler moth (Zoöl.), a destructive
European moth (Cerapteryx graminis), which devastates grass lands.

ANTLERED
Ant"lered, a.

Defn: Furnished with antlers.
The antlered stag. Cowper.

ANTLIA
Ant"li*a, n.; pl. Antilæ. Etym: [L., a pump, Gr, (Zoöl.)

Defn: The spiral tubular proboscis of lepidopterous insects. See
Lepidoptera.

ANT-LION
Ant"-li`on, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A neuropterous insect, the larva of which makes in the sand a
pitfall to capture ants, etc. The common American species is
Myrmeleon obsoletus, the European is M. formicarius.

ANTOECI; ANTOECIANS
An*toe"ci, An*toe"*cians, n. pl. Etym: [NL. antoeci, fr. Gr. pl.

Defn: Those who live under the same meridian, but on opposite
parallels of latitude, north and south of the equator.

ANTONOMASIA
An`to*no*ma"si*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: The use of some epithet or the name of some office, dignity, or
the like, instead of the proper name of the person; as when his
majesty is used for a king, or when, instead of Aristotle, we say,
the philosopher; or, conversely, the use of a proper name instead of
an appellative, as when a wise man is called a Solomon, or an eminent
orator a Cicero.

ANTONOMASTIC
An`to*no*mas"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, antonomasia.
 -- An`to*no*mas"tic*al*ly, adv.

ANTONOMASY
An*ton"o*ma*sy, n.

Defn: Antonomasia.

ANTONYM
An"to*nym, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A word of opposite meaning; a counterterm; -- used as a
correlative of synonym. [R.] C. J. Smith.

ANTORBITAL
Ant*or"bit*al, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + orbital.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or situated in, the region of the front of the
orbit.
 -- n.

Defn: The antorbital bone.

ANTORGASTIC
Ant`or*gas"tic, a.

Defn: See Antiorgastic.

ANTOZONE
Ant*o"zone, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + ozone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound formerly supposed to be modification of oxygen, but
now known to be hydrogen dioxide; -- so called because apparently
antagonistic to ozone, converting it into ordinary oxygen.

ANTRAL
An"tral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Relating to an antrum.

ANTRE
An"tre, n. Etym: [F. antre, L. antrum, fr. Gr.

Defn: A cavern. [Obs.] Shak.

ANTRORSE
An*trorse", a. Etym: [From L. ante + versun turned; apparently formed
in imitation of re.] (Bot.)

Defn: Forward or upward in direction. Gray.

ANTROVERT
An`tro*vert", v. t.

Defn: To bend forward. [R.] Owen.

ANTRUM
An"trum, n.; pl. Antra. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A cavern or cavity, esp. an anatomical cavity or sinus. Huxley.

ANTRUSTION
An*trus"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. antrustio.]

Defn: A vassal or voluntary follower of Frankish princes in their
enterprises.

ANT THRUSH
Ant" thrush`. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of several species of tropical birds, of the Old World, of
the genus Pitta, somewhat resembling the thrushes, and feeding
chiefly on ants.
(b) See Ant bird, under Ant.

ANUBIS
'd8A*nu"bis, n. Etym: [L.] (Myth.)

Defn: An Egyptian deity, the conductor of departed spirits,
represented by a human figure with the head of a dog or fox.

ANURA
A*nu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the orders of amphibians characterized by the absence of
a tail, as the frogs and toads. [Written also anoura.]

ANUROUS
A*nu"rous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Destitute of a tail, as the frogs and toads. [Also written
anourous.]

ANURY
An"u*ry, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Nonsecretion or defective secretion of urine; ischury.

ANUS
A"nus, n. Etym: [L., prob. for asnus: cf. Gr. as.] (Anat.)

Defn: The posterior opening of the alimentary canal, through which
the excrements are expelled.

ANVIL
An"vil, n. Etym: [OE. anvelt, anfelt, anefelt, AS. anfilt, onfilt; of
uncertain origin; cf. OHG. anafalz, D. aanbeld.]

1. An iron block, usually with a steel face, upon which metals are
hammered and shaped.

2. Anything resembling an anvil in shape or use. Specifically
(Anat.),

Defn: the incus. See Incus. To be on the anvil, to be in a state of
discussion, formation, or preparation, as when a scheme or measure is
forming, but not matured. Swift.

ANVIL
An"vil, v. t.

Defn: To form or shape on an anvil; to hammer out; as, anviled armor.
Beau. & Fl.

ANXIETUDE
Anx*i"e*tude, n. Etym: [L. anxietudo.]

Defn: The state of being anxious; anxiety. [R.]

ANXIETY
Anx*i"e*ty, n.; pl. Anxieties. Etym: [L. anxietas, fr. anxius: cf. F.
anxiété. See Anxious.]

1. Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o

2. Eager desire. J. D. Forbes

3. (Med.)

Defn: A state of restlessness and agitation, often with general
indisposition and a distressing sense of oppression at the
epigastrium. Dunglison.

Syn.
 -- Care; solicitude; foreboding; uneasiness; perplexity;
disquietude; disquiet; trouble; apprehension; restlessness. See Care.

ANXIOUS
Anx"ious, a. Etym: [L. anxius, fr. angere to cause pain, choke; akin
to Gr. Anger.]

1. Full of anxiety or disquietude; greatly concerned or solicitous,
esp. respecting future or unknown; being in painful suspense; --
applied to persons; as, anxious for the issue of a battle.

2. Accompanied with, or causing, anxiety; worrying; -- applied to
things; as, anxious labor.
The sweet of life, from which God hath bid dwell far off all anxious
cares. Milton.

3. Earnestly desirous; as, anxious to please.
He sneers alike at those who are anxious to preserve and at those who
are eager for reform. Macaulay.

Note: Anxious is followed by for, about, concerning, etc., before the
object of solicitude.

Syn.
 -- Solicitous; careful; uneasy; unquiet; restless; concerned;
disturbed; watchful.

ANXIOUSLY
Anx"ious*ly, adv.

Defn: In an anxious manner; with painful uncertainty; solicitously.

ANXIOUSNESS
Anx"ious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being anxious; great solicitude; anxiety.

ANY
A"ny, a. & pron. Etym: [OE. æni, æni, eni, ani, oni, AS. ænig, fr. an
one. It is akin to OS. enig, OHG. einic, G. einig, D. eenig. See
One.]

1. One indifferently, out of an indefinite number; one indefinitely,
whosoever or whatsoever it may be.

Note: Any is often used in denying or asserting without limitation;
as, this thing ought not be done at any time; I ask any one to answer
my question.
No man knoweth the Son, but the Father; neither knoweth any man the
Father, save the Son. Matt. xi. 27.

2. Some, of whatever kind, quantity, or number; as, are there any
witnesses present are there any other houses like it "Who will show
us any good" Ps. iv. 6.

Note: It is often used, either in the singular or the plural, as a
pronoun, the person or thing being understood; anybody; anyone; (pl.)
any persons.
If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, . . . and it shall be
given him. Jas. i. 5.
That if he found any of this way, whether they were men or women, he
might bring them bound unto Jerusalem. Acts ix. 2.
At any rate, In any case, whatever may be the state of affairs;
anyhow.

ANY
A"ny, adv.

Defn: To any extent; in any degree; at all.
You are not to go loose any longer. Shak.
Before you go any farther. Steele.

ANYBODY
A"ny*bod*y, n.

1. Any one out of an indefinite number of persons; anyone; any
person.
His Majesty could not keep any secret from anybody. Macaulay.

2. A person of consideration or standing. [Colloq.]
All the men belonged exclusively to the mechanical and shopkeeping
classes, and there was not a single banker or anybody in the list.
Lond. Sat. Rev.

ANYHOW
A"ny*how`, adv.

Defn: In any way or manner whatever; at any rate; in any event.
Anyhow, it must be acknowledged to be not a simple selforiginated
error. J. H. Newman.
Anyhow, the languages of the two nations were closely allied. E. A.
Freeman.

ANYONE
A"ny*one, n.

Defn: One taken at random rather than by selection; anybody.

Note: [Commonly written as two words.]

ANYTHING
A"ny*thing, n.

1. Any object, act, state, event, or fact whatever; thing of any
kind; something or other; aught; as, I would not do it for anything.
Did you ever know of anything so unlucky A. Trollope.
They do not know that anything is amiss with them. W. G. Sumner.

2. Expressing an indefinite comparison; -- with as or like. [Colloq.
or Lowx]
I fear your girl will grow as proud as anything. Richardson.

Note: Any thing, written as two words, is now commonly used in
contradistinction to any person or anybody. Formerly it was also
separated when used in the wider sense. "Necessity drove them to
undertake any thing and venture any thing." De Foe. Anything but, not
at all or in any respect. "The battle was a rare one, and the victory
anything but secure." Hawthorne.
 -- Anything like, in any respect; at all; as, I can not give
anything like a fair sketch of his trials.

ANYTHING
A"ny*thing, adv.

Defn: In any measure; anywise; at all.
Mine old good will and hearty affection towards you is not . . .
anything at all quailed. Robynson (More's Utopia).

ANYTHINGARIAN
A`ny*thing*a"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who holds to no particular creed or dogma.

ANYWAY; ANYWAYS
A"ny*way, A"ny*ways, adv.

Defn: Anywise; at all. Tennyson. Southey.

ANYWHERE
A"ny*where, adv.

Defn: In any place. Udall.

ANYWHITHER
A"ny*whith`er, adv.

Defn: To or towards any place. [Archaic] De Foe.

ANYWISE
A"ny*wise, adv.

Defn: In any wise or way; at all. "Anywise essential." Burke.

AONIAN
A*o"ni*an, a. Etym: [From Aonia, a part of Boeotia, in Greece.]

Defn: Pertaining to Aonia, Boeotia, or to the Muses, who were
supposed to dwell there. Aonian fount, the fountain of Aganippe, at
the foot of Mount Helicon, not far from Thebes, and sacred to the
Muses.

AORIST
A"o*rist, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: A tense in the Greek language, which expresses an action as
completed in past time, but leaves it, in other respects, wholly
indeterminate.

AORISTIC
A`o*ris"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Indefinite; pertaining to the aorist tense.

AORTA
A*or"ta, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all
parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial
system.

Note: In fishes and the early stages of all higher vertebrates the
aorta divides near its origin into several branches (the aortic
arches) which pass in pairs round the oesophagus and unite to form
the systemic aorta. One or more pairs of these arches persist in
amphibia and reptiles, but only one arch in birds and mammals, this
being on the right side in the former, and on the left in the latter.

AORTIC
A*or"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the aorta.

AORTITIS
A`or*ti"tis, n. Etym: [Aorta + -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the aorta.

AOUDAD
A"ou*dad, n. Etym: [The Moorish name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African sheeplike quadruped (the Ammotragus tragelaphus)
having a long mane on the breast and fore legs. It is, perhaps, the
chamois of the Old Testament.

APACE
A*pace", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + pace. OE. a pas at a walk, in which a
is the article. See Pace.]

Defn: With a quick pace; quick; fast; speedily.
His dewy locks did drop with brine apace. Spenser.
A visible triumph of the gospel drawapace. I. Taylor.

APACHES
A*pa"ches, n. pl.; sing. Apache. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A group of nomadic North American Indians including several
tribes native of Arizona, New Mexico, etc.

APAGOGE
Ap`a*go"ge, n. Etym: [Gr. (Logic)

Defn: An indirect argument which proves a thing by showing the
impossibility or absurdity of the contrary.

APAGOGIC; APAGOGICAL
Ap`a*gog"ic, Ap`a*gog"ic*al, a.

Defn: Proving indirectly, by showing the absurdity, or impossibility
of the contrary. Bp. Berkeley.

APAID
A*paid", a.

Defn: Paid; pleased. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APAIR
A*pair", v. t. & i.

Defn: To impair or become impaired; to injure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APALACHIAN
Ap`a*la"chi*an, a.

Defn: See Appalachian.

APANAGE
Ap"an*age, n.

Defn: Same as Appanage.

APANTHROPY
A*pan"thro*py, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An aversion to the company of men; a love of solitude.

APAR; APARA
A"par, A"pa*ra, n. Etym: [Native name apara.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Mataco.

APAREJO
A`pa*re"jo, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A kind of pack saddle used in the American military service and
among the Spanish Americans. It is made of leather stuffed with hay,
moss, or the like.

APARITHMESIS
Ap`a*rith"me*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: Enumeration of parts or particulars.

APART
A*part", adv. Etym: [F. à part; (L. ad) + part part. See Part.]

1. Separately, in regard to space or company; in a state of
separation as to place; aside.
Others apart sat on a hill retired. Milton.
The Lord hath set apart him that is godly for himself. Ps. iv. 3.

2. In a state of separation, of exclusion, or of distinction, as to
purpose, use, or character, or as a matter of thought; separately;
independently; as, consider the two propositions apart.

3. Aside; away. "Wherefore lay apart all filthiness and superfluity
of naughtiness." Jas. i. 21.
Let Pleasure go, put Care apart. Keble.

4. In two or more parts; asunder; to piece; as, to take a piece of
machinery apart.

APARTMENT
A*part"ment, n. Etym: [F. appartement; cf. It. appartamento, fr.
appartare to separate, set apart; all fr. L. ad + pars, partis, part.
See Apart.]

1. A room in a building; a division in a house, separated from others
by partitions. Fielding.

2. A set or suite of rooms. De Quincey.

3. A compartment. [Obs.] Pope.

APARTMENT HOUSE
A*part"ment house.

Defn: A building comprising a number of suites designed for separate
housekeeping tenements, but having conveniences, such as heat, light,
elevator service, etc., furnished in common; -- often distinguished
in the United States from a flat house.

APARTNESS
A*part"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of standing apart.

APASTRON
Ap*as"tron, n. Etym: [Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: That point in the orbit of a double star where the smaller star
is farthest from its primary.

APATHETIC; APATHETICAL
Ap`a*thet"ic, Ap`a*thet"ic*al a. Etym: [See Apathy.]

Defn: Void of feeling; not susceptible of deep emotion; passionless;
indifferent.

APATHETICALLY
Ap`a*thet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an apathetic manner.

APATHIST
Ap"a*thist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. apathiste.]

Defn: One who is destitute of feeling.

APATHISTICAL
Ap`a*this"tic*al, a.

Defn: Apathetic; une motional. [R.]

APATHY
Ap"a*thy, n.; pl. Apathies. Etym: [L. apathia, Gr. apathie. See
Pathos.]

Defn: Want of feeling; privation of passion, emotion, or excitement;
dispassion; -- applied either to the body or the mind. As applied to
the mind, it is a calmness, indolence, or state of indifference,
incapable of being ruffled or roused to active interest or exertion
by pleasure, pain, or passion. "The apathy of despair." Macaulay.
A certain apathy or sluggishness in his nature which led him . . . to
leave events to take their own course. Prescott.
According to the Stoics, apathy meant the extinction of the passions
by the ascendency of reason. Fleming.

Note: In the first ages of the church, the Christians adopted the
term to express a contempt of earthly concerns.

Syn.
 -- Insensibility; unfeelingness; indifference; unconcern; stoicism;
supineness; sluggishness.

APATITE
Ap"a*tite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Native phosphate of lime, occurring usually in six-sided
prisms, color often pale green, transparent or translucent.

APAUME
A`pau`mé", n.

Defn: See Appaum.

APE
Ape, n. Etym: [AS. apa; akin to D. aap, OHG. affo, G. affe, Icel.
api, Sw. apa, Dan. abe, W. epa.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A quadrumanous mammal, esp. of the family Simiadæ, having teeth
of the same number and form as in man, having teeth of the same
number and form as in man, and possessing neither a tail nor cheek
pouches. The name is applied esp. to species of the genus Hylobates,
and is sometimes used as a general term for all Quadrumana. The
higher forms, the gorilla, chimpanzee, and ourang, are often called
anthropoid apes or man apes.

Note: The ape of the Old Testament was prqobably the rhesus monkey of
India, and allied forms.

2. One who imitates servilely (in allusion to the manners of the
ape); a mimic. Byron.

3. A dupe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APE
Ape, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aped; p. pr. & vb. n. Aping.]

Defn: To mimic, as an ape imitates human actions; to imitate or
follow servilely or irrationally. "How he apes his sire." Addison.
The people of England will not ape the fashions they have never
tried. Burke.

APEAK
A*peak", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + peak. Cf. F. à pic vertically.]
(Naut.)

Defn: In a vertical line. The anchor in apeak, when the cable has
been sufficiently hove in to bring the ship over it, and the ship is
them said to be hove apeak. [Spelt also apeek.]

APEHOOD
Ape"hood, n.

Defn: The state of being an ape.

APELLOUS
A*pel"lous, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + L. pellis skin.]

Defn: Destitute of skin. Brande & C.

APENNINE
Ap"en*nine, a. Etym: [L. Apenninus, fr. Celtic pen, or ben, peak,
mountain.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, the Apennines, a chain of
mountains extending through Italy.

APEPSY
A*pep"sy, n. Etym: [NL. apepsia, fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Defective digestion, indigestion. Coxe.

APER
Ap"er, n.

Defn: One who apes.

APERCU
A`per`çu" (a`pâr`sus"), n.; pl. Aperçus (-sus"). [F., prop. p. p. of
apercevoir to perceive.]

1.

Defn: A first view or glance, or the perception or estimation so
obtained; an immediate apprehension or insight, appreciative rather
than analytic.

The main object being to develop the several aperçus or insights
which furnish the method of such psychology.
W. T. Harris.

A series of partial and more or less disparate aperçus or outlooks;
each for itself a center of experience.
James Ward.

2.  Hence, a brief or detached view; conspectus; sketch.

APEREA
A*pe"re*a, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wild Guinea pig of Brazil (Cavia aperea).

APERIENT
A*pe"ri*ent, a. Etym: [L. aperiens, p. pr. of aperire to uncover,
open; ab + parire, parere, to bring forth, produce. Cf. Cover,
Overt.] (Med.)

Defn: Gently opening the bowels; laxative.
 -- n.

Defn: An aperient medicine or food. Arbuthnot.

APERITIVE
A*per"i*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. apéritif, fr. L. aperire.]

Defn: Serving to open; aperient. Harvey.

APERT
A*pert", a. Etym: [OF. apert, L. apertus, p. p. of aperire. See
Aperient, and cf. Pert, a.]

Defn: Open; ev [Archaic] Fotherby.

APERT
A*pert", adv.

Defn: Openly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APERTION
A*per"tion, n. Etym: [L. apertio.]

Defn: The act of opening; an opening; an aperture. [Archaic] Wiseman.

APERTLY
A*pert"ly, adv.

Defn: Openly; clearly. [Archaic]

APERTNESS
A*pert"ness, n.

Defn: Openness; frankness. [Archaic]

APERTURE
Ap"er*ture, n. Etym: [L. apertura, fr. aperire. See Aperient.]

1. The act of opening. [Obs.]

2. An opening; an open space; a gap, cleft, or chasm; a passage
perforated; a hole; as, an aperture in a wall.
An aperture between the mountains. Gilpin.
The back aperture of the nostrils. Owen.

3. (Opt.)

Defn: The diameter of the exposed part of the object glass of a
telescope or other optical instrument; as, a telescope of four-inch
aperture.

Note: The aperture of microscopes is often expressed in degrees,
called also the angular aperture, which signifies the angular breadth
of the pencil of light which the instrument transmits from the object
or point viewed; as, a microscope of 100º aperture.

APERY
Ap"er*y, n.; pl. Aperies.

1. A place where apes are kept. [R.] Kingsley.

2. The practice of aping; an apish action. Coleridge.

APETALOUS
A*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having no petals, or flower leaves. [See Illust. under Anther].

APETALOUSNESS
A*pet"al*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being apetalous.

APEX
A"pex, n.; pl. E. Apexes; L. Apices. Etym: [L.]

1. The tip, top, point, or angular summit of anything; as, the apex
of a mountain, spire, or cone; the apex, or tip, of a leaf.

2. (Mining)

Defn: The end or edge of a vein nearest the surface. [U.S.] Apex of
the earth's motion (Astron.), that point of the heavens toward which
the earth is moving in its orbit.

APHAERESIS
A*phær"e*sis, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Same as Apheresis.

APHAKIA
A*pha"ki*a, n. Etym: [NL.; Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An anomalous state of refraction caused by the absence of the
crystalline lens, as after operations for cataract. The remedy is the
use of powerful convex lenses. Dunglison.

APHAKIAL
A*pha"ki*al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to aphakia; as, aphakial eyes.

APHANIPTERA
Aph`a*nip"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of wingless insects, of which the flea in the type. See
Flea.

APHANIPTEROUS
Aph`a*nip"ter*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Aphaniptera.

APHANITE
Aph"a*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A very compact, dark-colored

APHANITIC
Aph`a*nit"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Resembling aphanite; having a very fine-grained structure.

APHASIA; APHASY
A*pha"si*a, Aph"a*sy, n. Etym: [NL. aphasia, Gr. aphasie.] (Med.)

Defn: Loss of the power of speech, or of the appropriate use of
words, the vocal organs remaining intact, and the intelligence being
preserved. It is dependent on injury or disease of the brain.

APHASIC
A*pha"sic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or affected by, aphasia; speechless.

APHELION
A*phel"ion, n.; pl. Aphelia. Etym: [Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: That point of a planet's or comet's orbit which is most distant
from the sun, the opposite point being the perihelion.

APHELIOTROPIC
A*phe`li*o*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Turning away from the sun; -- said of leaves, etc. Darwin.

APHELIOTROPISM
A*phe`li*ot"ro*pism, n.

Defn: The habit of bending from the sunlight; -- said of certain
plants.

APHEMIA
A*phe"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Loss of the power of speaking, while retaining the power of
writing; -- a disorder of cerebral origin.

APHERESIS
A*pher"e*sis, n. Etym: [L. aphaeresis, Gr.

1. (Gram.)

Defn: The dropping of a letter or syllable from the beginning of a
word; e. g., cute for acute.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: An operation by which any part is separated from the rest.
[Obs.] Dunglison.

APHESIS
Aph"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The loss of a short unaccented vowel at the beginning of a
word; -- the result of a phonetic process; as, squire for esquire.
New Eng. Dict.

APHETIC
A*phet"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Shortened by dropping a letter or a syllable from the beginning
of a word; as, an aphetic word or form.
 -- A*phet"ic*al*ly, adv. New Eng. Dict.

APHETISM
Aph"e*tism, n.

Defn: An aphetized form of a word. New Eng. Dict.

APHETIZE
Aph"e*tize, v. t.

Defn: To shorten by aphesis.
These words . . . have been aphetized. New Eng. Dict.

APHID
A"phid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the genus Aphis; an aphidian.

APHIDES
Aph"i*des, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Aphis.

APHIDIAN
A*phid"i*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the family Aphidæ.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the aphides; an aphid.

APHIDIVOROUS
Aph`i*div"o*rous. Etym: [Aphis + L. vorare to devour.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Devouring aphides; aphidophagous.

APHIDOPHAGOUS
Aph`i*doph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Aphis + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feeding upon aphides, or plant lice, as do beetles of the
family Coccinellidæ.

APHILANTHROPY
Aph`i*lan"thro*py, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Want of love to mankind; -- the opposite of philanthropy. Coxe.

APHIS
A"phis, n.; pl. Aphides. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of insects belonging to the order Hemiptera and family
Aphidæ, including numerous species known as plant lice and green
flies.

Note: Besides the true males and females, there is a race of wingless
asexual individuals which have the power of producing living young in
rapid succession, and these in turn may produce others of the same
kind for several generations, before sexual individuals appear. They
suck the sap of plants by means of a tubular proboscis, and owing to
the wonderful rapidity of their reproduction become very destructive
to vegetation. Many of the Aphidæ excrete honeydew from two tubes
near the end of the body.

APHIS LION
A"phis li"on. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of the lacewinged flies (Chrysopa), which feeds
voraciously upon aphids. The name is also applied to the larvæ of the
ladybugs (Coccinella).

APHLOGISTIC
Aph`lo*gis"*tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Flameless; as, an aphlogistic lamp, in which a coil of wire is
kept in a state of continued ignition by alcohol, without flame.

APHONIA; APHONY
A*pho"ni*a, Aph"o*ny, n. Etym: [NL. aphonia, Gr. aphonie.] (Med.)

Defn: Loss of voice or vocal utterance.

APHONIC; APHONOUS
A*phon"ic, Aph"o*nous, a.

Defn: Without voice; voiceless; nonvocal.

APHORISM
Aph"o*rism, n. Etym: [F. aphorisme, fr. Gr. Horizon.]

Defn: A comprehensive maxim or principle expressed in a few words; a
sharply defined sentence relating to abstract truth rather than to
practical matters.
The first aphorism of Hippocrates is, "Life is short, and the art is
long." Fleming.

Syn.
 -- Axiom; maxim; adage; proverb; apothegm; saying; saw; truism;
dictum. See Axiom.

APHORISMATIC; APHORISMIC
Aph`o*ris*mat"ic, Aph`o*ris"mic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to aphorisms, or having the form of an aphorism.

APHORISMER
Aph`o*ris"mer n.

Defn: A dealer in aphorisms. [Used in derogation or contempt.]
Milton.

APHORIST
Aph"o*rist, n.

Defn: A writer or utterer of aphorisms.

APHORISTIC; APHORISTICAL
Aph`o*ris"tic, Aph`o*ris"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: In the form of, or of the nature of, an aphorism; in the form
of short, unconnected sentences; as, an aphoristic style.
The method of the book is aphoristic. De Quincey.

APHORISTICALLY
Aph`o*ris"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the form or manner of aphorisms; pithily.

APHORIZE
Aph"o*rize, v. i.

Defn: To make aphorisms.

APHOTIC
A*pho"tic (a*fo"tik), a. [Gr. 'a`fws, 'a`fwtos.]

Defn: Without light.

APHOTIC REGION
Aphotic region. (Phytogeog.)

Defn: A depth of water so great that only those organisms can exist
that do not assimilate.

APHRASIA
A*phra"si*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'a priv. + fra`sis speech.] (Med.)
 (a) = Dumbness.
 (b) A disorder of speech in which words can be uttered but not
intelligibly joined together.

APHRITE
Aph"rite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See under Calcite.

APHRODISIAC; APHRODISIACAL
Aph`ro*dis"i*ac, Aph`ro*di*si"a*cal, a. Etym: [Gr. Aphrodite.]

Defn: Exciting venereal desire; provocative to venery.

APHRODISIAC
Aph`ro*dis"i*ac, n.

Defn: That which (as a drug, or some kinds of food) excites to
venery.

APHRODISIAN
Aph`ro*dis"i*an, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to Aphrodite or Venus. "Aphrodisian dames" [that is,
courtesans]. C. Reade.

APHRODITE
Aph`ro*di"te, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Classic Myth.)

Defn: The Greek goddess of love, corresponding to the Venus of the
Romans.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large marine annelid, covered with long, lustrous, golden,
hairlike setæ; the sea mouse.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beautiful butterfly (Argunnis Aphrodite) of the United
States.

APHRODITIC
Aph`ro*dit"ic, a.

Defn: Venereal. [R.] Dunglison.

APHTHA
Aph"tha, n. Etym: [Sing. of Aphthæ.] (Med.)
(a) One of the whitish specks called aphthæ.
(b) The disease, also called thrush.

APHTHAE
Aph"thæ, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Roundish pearl-colored specks or flakes in the mouth, on the
lips, etc., terminating in white sloughs. They are commonly
characteristic of thrush.

APHTHOID
Aph"thoid, a. Etym: [Aphtha + -oid.]

Defn: Of the nature of aphthæ; resembling thrush.

APHTHONG
Aph"thong, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A letter, or a combination of letters, employed in spelling a
word, but in the pronunciation having no sound.
 -- Aph*thon"gal, a.

APHTHOUS
Aph"thous a. Etym: [Cf. F. aphtheux.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or caused by, aphthæ; characterized by aphtæ;
as, aphthous ulcers; aphthous fever.

APHYLLOUS
Aph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of leaves, as the broom rape, certain euphorbiaceous
plants, etc.

APIACEOUS
A`pi*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Umbelliferous.

APIAN
A"pi*an, a.

Defn: Belonging to bees.

APIARIAN
A`pi*a"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or relating to bees.

APIARIST
A"pi*a*rist, n.

Defn: One who keeps an apiary.

APIARY
A"pi*a*ry, n. Etym: [L. apiarium, fr. apis bee.]

Defn: A place where bees are kept; a stand or shed for bees; a
beehouse.

APICAL
Ap"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. apex, apicis, tip or summit.]

Defn: At or belonging to an apex, tip, or summit. Gray.

APICES
Ap"i*ces, n. pl.

Defn: See Apex.

APICIAN
A*pi"cian, a. Etym: [L. Apicianus.]

Defn: Belonging to Apicius, a notorious Roman epicure; hence applied
to whatever is peculiarly refined or dainty and expensive in cookery.
H. Rogers.

APICULAR
A*pic"u*lar, a. Etym: [NL. apiculus, dim. of L. apex, apicis.]

Defn: Situated at, or near, the apex; apical.

APICULATE; APICULATED
A*pic"u*late, A*pic"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [See Apicular.] (Bot.)

Defn: Terminated abruptly by a small, distinct point, as a leaf.

APICULTURE
Ap"i*cul`ture, n. Etym: [L. apis bee + E. culture.]

Defn: Rearing of bees for their honey and wax.

APIECE
A*piece", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + piece.]

Defn: Each by itself; by the single one; to each; as the share of
each; as, these melons cost a shilling apiece. "Fined . . . a
thousand pounds apiece." Hume.

APIECES
A*pie"ces, adv.

Defn: In pieces or to pieces. [Obs.] "Being torn apieces." Shak.

APIKED
A*pik"ed, a.

Defn: Trimmed. [Obs.]
Full fresh and new here gear apiked was. Chaucer.

APIOL
A"pi*ol, n. Etym: [L. apium parsley + -ol.] (Med.)

Defn: An oily liquid derived from parsley.

APIOLOGIST
A`pi*ol"o*gist, n. Etym: [L. apis bee + -logist (see -logy).]

Defn: A student of bees. [R.] Emerson.

APIOLOGY
A`pi*ol"o*gy, n. [L. apis bee + -logy.]

Defn: The scientific or systematic study of honey bees.

APIS
A"pis, n. Etym: [L., bee.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of insects of the order Hymenoptera, including the
common honeybee (Apis mellifica) and other related species. See
Honeybee.

APISH
Ap"ish, a.

Defn: Having the qualities of an ape; prone to imitate in a servile
manner. Hence: Apelike; fantastically silly; foppish; affected;
trifling.
The apish gallantry of a fantastic boy. Sir W. Scott.

APISHLY
Ap"ish*ly, adv.

Defn: In an apish manner; with servile imitation; foppishly.

APISHNESS
Ap"ish*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being apish; mimicry; foppery.

APITPAT
A*pit"pat, adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + pitpat.]

Defn: With quick beating or palpitation; pitapat. Congreve.

APLACENTAL
Ap`la*cen"tal, a. Etym: [Pref. a- + placental.]

Defn: Belonging to the Aplacentata; without placenta.

APLACENTATA
Ap`la*cen*ta"ta, n. pl. Etym: [Pref. a- not + placenta.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Mammals which have no placenta.

APLACOPHORA
Ap`la*coph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Amphineura in which the body is naked or covered
with slender spines or setæ, but is without shelly plates.

APLANATIC
Ap`la*nat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Opt.)

Defn: Having two or more parts of different curvatures, so combined
as to remove spherical aberration; -- said of a lens. Aplanatic focus
of a lens (Opt.), the point or focus from which rays diverging pass
the lens without spherical aberration. In certain forms of lenses
there are two such foci; and it is by taking advantage of this fact
that the best aplanatic object glasses of microscopes are
constructed.

APLANATISM
A*plan"a*tism, n.

Defn: Freedom from spherical aberration.

APLANOGAMETE
A*plan`o*ga*mete", n. (Bot.)

Defn: A nonmotile gamete, found in certain lower algæ.

APLASIA
A*pla"si*a, n. [NL.; Gr.  priv. +  a molding.] (Med.)

Defn: Incomplete or faulty development.

APLASTIC
A*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + plastic.]

Defn: Not plastic or easily molded.

APLOMB
A`plomb", n. Etym: [F., lit. perpendicularity; plomb lead. See
Plumb.]

Defn: Assurance of manner or of action; self-possession.

APLOTOMY
A*plot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: Simple incision. Dunglison.

APLUSTRE
A*plus"tre, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An ornamental appendage of wood at the ship's stern, usually
spreading like a fan and curved like a bird's feather. Audsley.

APLYSIA
A*plys"i*a, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine mollusks of the order Tectibranchiata; the
sea hare. Some of the species when disturbed throw out a deep purple
liquor, which colors the water to some distance. See Illust. in
Appendix.

APNEUMATIC
Ap`neu*mat"ic, a. [Gr.  not blown through.] (Med.)

Defn: Devoid of air; free from air; as, an apneumatic lung; also,
effected by or with exclusion of air; as, an apneumatic operation.

APNEUMONA
Ap*neu"mo*na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of holothurians in which the internal respiratory
organs are wanting; -- called also Apoda or Apodes.

APNOEA; APNEA
Ap*nae"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Partial privation or suspension of breath; suffocation.

APO
Ap"o. Etym: [Gr. Ab-.]

Defn: A prefix from a Greek preposition. It usually signifies from,
away from, off, or asunder, separate; as, in apocope (a cutting off),
apostate, apostle (one sent away), apocarpous.

APOCALYPSE
A*poc"a*lypse, n. Etym: [L. apocalypsis, Gr. apocalypse.]

1. The revelation delivered to St. John, in the isle of Patmos, near
the close of the first century, forming the last book of the New
Testament.

2. Anything viewed as a revelation; as disclosure.
The new apocalypse of Nature. Carlyle.

APOCALYPTIC; APOCALYPTICAL
A*poc`a*lyp"tic, A*poc`a*lyp"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a revelation, or, specifically, to the
Revelation of St. John; containing, or of the nature of, a prophetic
revelation. Apocolyptic number, the number 666, mentioned in Rev.
xiii. 18. It has been variously interpreted.

APOCALYPTIC; APOCALYPTIST
A*poc`a*lyp"tic, A*poc`a*lyp"tist, n.

Defn: The writer of the Apocalypse.

APOCALYPTICALLY
A*poc`a*lyp"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By revelation; in an apocalyptic manner.

APOCARPOUS
Ap`o*car"pous, a. Etym: [Pref. apo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Either entirely of partially separate, as the carpels of a
compound pistil; -- opposed to syncarpous. Lindley.

APOCHROMATIC
Ap`o*chro*mat"ic, a. [Pref. apo-+ chromatic.] (Optics)

Defn: Free from chromatic and spherical aberration; -- said esp. of a
lens in which rays of three or more colors are brought to the same
focus, the degree of achromatism thus obtained being more complete
than where two rays only are thus focused, as in the ordinary
achromatic objective. --Ap`o*chro"ma*tism (#), n.

APOCODEINE
Ap`o*co*de"ine, n. [Pref. apo-+ codeine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid, , prepared from codeine. In its effects it
resembles apomorphine.

APOCOPATE
A*poc"o*pate, v. t. Etym: [LL. apocopatus, p. p. of apocopare to cut
off, fr. L. apocore. See Apocope.] (Gram.)

Defn: To cut off or drop; as, to apocopate a word, or the last
letter, syllable, or part of a word.

APOCOPATE; APOCOPATED
A*poc"o*pate, A*poc"o*pa`ted, a.

Defn: Shortened by apocope; as, an apocopate form.

APOCOPATION
A*poc`o*pa"tion, n.

Defn: Shortening by apocope; the state of being apocopated.

APOCOPE
A*poc"o*pe, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. The cutting off, or omission, of the last letter, syllable, or
part of a word.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A cutting off; abscission.

APOCRISIARY; APOCRISIARIUS
Ap`o*cris"i*a*ry, Ap`o*cris`i*a"ri*us, n. Etym: [L. apocrisiarius,
apocrisarius, fr. Gr. (Eccl.)

Defn: A delegate or deputy; especially, the pope's nuncio or legate
at Constantinople.

APOCRUSTIC
Ap`o*crus"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Astringent and repellent.
 -- n.

Defn: An apocrustic medicine.

APOCRYPHA
A*poc"ry*pha, n. pl., but often used as sing. with pl. Apocryphas.
Etym: [L. apocryphus apocryphal, Gr.

1. Something, as a writing, that is of doubtful authorship or
authority; -- formerly used also adjectively. [Obs.] Locke.

2. Specif.: Certain writings which are received by some Christians as
an authentic part of the Holy Scriptures, but are rejected by others.

Note: Fourteen such writings, or books, formed part of the
Septuagint, but not of the Hebrew canon recognized by the Jews of
Palestine. The Council of Trent included all but three of these in
the canon of inspired books having equal authority. The German and
English Reformers grouped them in their Bibles under the title
Apocrypha, as not having dogmatic authority, but being profitable for
instruction. The Apocrypha is now commonly

APOCRYPHAL
A*poc"ry*phal, a.

1. Pertaining to the Apocrypha.

2. Not canonical. Hence: Of doubtful authority; equivocal; mythic;
fictitious; spurious; false.
The passages . . . are, however, in part from apocryphal or
fictitious works. Sir G. C. Lewis.

APOCRYPHALIST
A*poc"ry*phal*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in, or defends, the Apocrypha. [R.]

APOCRYPHALLY
A*poc"ry*phal*ly, adv.

Defn: In an apocryphal manner; mythically; not indisputably.

APOCRYPHALNESS
A*poc"ry*phal*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being apocryphal; doubtfulness of
credit or genuineness.

APOCYNACEOUS; APOCYNEOUS
A*poc`y*na"ceous, Ap`o*cyn"e*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, a family of plants, of which the
dogbane (Apocynum) is the type.

APOCYNIN
A*poc"y*nin, n. Etym: [From Apocynum, the generic name of dogbane.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A bitter principle obtained from the dogbane (Apocynum
cannabinum).

APOD; APODAL
Ap"od, Ap"o*dal, a. Etym: [See Apod, n.]

1. Without feet; footless.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Destitute of the ventral fin, as the eels.

APOD; APODE
Ap"od, Ap"ode, n.; pl. Apods or Apodes. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of certain animals that have no feet or footlike organs;
esp. one of certain fabulous birds which were said to have no feet.

Note: The bird of paradise formerly had the name Paradisea apoda,
being supposed to have no feet, as these were wanting in the
specimens first obtained from the East Indies.

APODA
Ap"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Apod, n.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A group of cirripeds, destitute of footlike organs.
(b) An order of Amphibia without feet. See Ophiomorpha.
(c) A group of worms without appendages, as the leech.

APODAN
Ap"o*dan, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Apodal.

APODEICTIC; APODICTIC; APODEICTICAL; APODICTICAL
Ap"o*deic"tic, Ap`o*dic"tic, Ap`o*deic"tic*al, Ap`o*dic"tic*al, a.
Etym: [L. apodicticus, Gr.

Defn: Self-evident; intuitively true; evident beyond contradiction.
Brougham. Sir Wm. Hamilton.

APODEICTICALLY; APODICTICALLY
Ap`o*deic"tic*al*ly, Ap`o*dic"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to be evident beyond contradiction.

APODEME
Ap"o*deme, n. Etym: [Pref. apo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the processes of the shell which project inwards and
unite with one another, in the thorax of many Crustacea.

APODES
Ap"o*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL., masc. pl. See Apoda.] (Zoöl.)
(a) An order of fishes without ventral fins, including the eels.
(b) A group of holothurians destitute of suckers. See Apneumona.

APODICTIC
Ap`o*dic"tic, a.

Defn: Same as Apodeictic.

APODIXIS
Ap`o*dix"is, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: Full demonstration.

APODOSIS
A*pod"o*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: The consequent clause or conclusion in a conditional sentence,
expressing the result, and thus distinguished from the protasis or
clause which expresses a condition. Thus, in the sentence, "Though he
slay me, yet will I trust in him," the former clause is the protasis,
and the latter the apodosis.

Note: Some grammarians extend the terms protasis and apodosis to the
introductory clause and the concluding clause, even when the sentence
is not conditional.

APODOUS
Ap"o*dous(#), a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Apodal; apod.

APODYTERIUM
A*pod`y*te"ri*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Anc. Arch.)

Defn: The apartment at the entrance of the baths, or in the palestra,
where one stripped; a dressing room.

APOGAIC
Ap`o*ga"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Apogean.

APOGAMIC
Ap`o*gam"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to apogamy.

APOGAMY
A*pog"a*my, n. Etym: [Pref. apo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The formation of a bud in place of a fertilized ovule or
oöspore. De Bary.

APOGEAL
Ap`o*ge"al, a. (Astron.)

Defn: Apogean.

APOGEAN
Ap`o*ge"an, a.

Defn: Connected with the apogee; as, apogean (neap) tides, which
occur when the moon has passed her apogee.

APOGEE
Ap"o*gee, n. Etym: [Gr. apogée.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: That point in the orbit of the moon which is at the greatest
distance from the earth.

Note: Formerly, on the hypothesis that the earth is in the center of
the system, this name was given to that point in the orbit of the
sun, or of a planet, which was supposed to be at the greatest
distance from the earth.

2. Fig.: The farthest or highest point; culmination.

APOGEOTROPIC
Ap`o*ge`o*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. apo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Bending away from the ground; -- said of leaves, etc. Darwin.

APOGEOTROPISM
Ap"o*ge*ot"ro*pism, n.

Defn: The apogeotropic tendency of some leaves, and other parts.

APOGRAPH
Ap"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. apographe.]

Defn: A copy or transcript. Blount.

APOHYAL
Ap`o*hy"al, a. Etym: [Pref. apo- + the Gr. letter Y.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a portion of the horn of the hyoid bone.

APOISE
A*poise", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + poise.]

Defn: Balanced.

APOLAR
A*po"lar, a. Etym: [Pref. a- + polar.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having no radiating processes; -- applied particularly to
certain nerve cells.

APOLAUSTIC
Ap`o*laus"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Devoted to enjoyment.

APOLLINARIAN
A*pol`li*na"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. Apollinaris, fr. Apollo.] (Rom.
Antiq.)

Defn: In honor of Apollo; as, the Apollinarian games.

APOLLINARIAN
A*pol`li*na"ri*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Apollinaris, Bishop of Laodicea in the fourth
century, who denied the proper humanity of Christ.

APOLLINARIS WATER
A*pol`li*na"ris wa"ter.

Defn: An effervescing alkaline mineral water used as a table
beverage. It is obtained from a spring in Apollinarisburg, near Bonn.

APOLLO
A*pol"lo, n. Etym: [L. Apollo, -linis, Gr. (Classic Myth.)

Defn: A deity among the Greeks and Romans. He was the god of light
and day (the "sun god"), of archery, prophecy, medicine, poetry, and
music, etc., and was represented as the model of manly grace and
beauty; -- called also Phébus. The Apollo Belvedere, a celebrated
statue of Apollo in the Belvedere gallery of the Vatican palace at
Rome, esteemed of the noblest representations of the human frame.

APOLLONIAN; APOLLONIC
Ap`ol*lo"ni*an, Ap`ol*lon"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, Apollo.

APOLLYON
A*pol"ly*on, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The Destroyer; -- a name used (Rev. ix. 11) for the angel of
the bottomless pit, answering to the Hebrew Abaddon.

APOLOGER
A*pol"o*ger, n.

Defn: A teller of apologues. [Obs.]

APOLOGETIC; APOLOGETICAL
A*pol`o*get"ic, A*pol`o*get"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Logic.]

Defn: Defending by words or arguments; said or written in defense, or
by way of apology; regretfully excusing; as, an apologetic essay. "To
speak in a subdued and apologetic tone." Macaulay.

APOLOGETICALLY
A*pol`o*get"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of apology.

APOLOGETICS
A*pol`o*get"ics, n.

Defn: That branch of theology which defends the Holy Scriptures, and
sets forth the evidence of their divine authority.

APOLOGIST
A*pol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. apologiste.]

Defn: One who makes an apology; one who speaks or writes in defense
of a faith, a cause, or an institution; especially, one who argues in
defense of Christianity.

APOLOGIZE
A*pol"o*gize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Apologized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Apologizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. apologiser.]

1. To make an apology or defense. Dr. H. More.

2. To make an apology or excuse; to make acknowledgment of some fault
or offense, with expression of regret for it, by way of amends; --
with for; as, my correspondent apologized for not answering my
letter.
To apologize for his insolent language. Froude.

APOLOGIZE
A*pol"o*gize, v. t.

Defn: To defend. [Obs.]
The Christians . . . were apologized by Plinie. Dr. G. Benson.

APOLOGIZER
A*pol"o*gi`zer, n.

Defn: One who makes an apology; an apologist.

APOLOGUE
Ap"o*logue, n. Etym: [L. apologous, Gr. apologue.]

Defn: A story or relation of fictitious events, intended to convey
some moral truth; a moral fable.

Note: An apologue differs from a parable in this;: the parable is
drawn from events which take place among mankind, and therefore
requires probability in the narrative; the apologue is founded on
supposed actions of brutes or inanimate things, and therefore is not
limited by strict rules of probability. Æsop's fables are good
examples of apologues.

APOLOGY
A*pol"o*gy, n.; pl. Apologies . Etym: [L. apologia, Gr. apologie. See
Apologetic.]

1. Something said or written in defense or justification of what
appears to others wrong, or of what may be liable to disapprobation;
justification; as, Tertullian's Apology for Christianity.
It is not my intention to make an apology for my poem; some will
think it needs no excuse, and others will receive none. Dryden.

2. An acknowledgment intended as an atonement for some improper or
injurious remark or act; an admission to another of a wrong or
discourtesy done him, accompanied by an expression of regret.

3. Anything provided as a substitute; a makeshift.
He goes to work devising apologies for window curtains. Dickens.

Syn.
 -- Excuse. An apology, in the original sense of the word, was a
pleading off from some charge or imputation, by explaining and
defending one's principles or conduct. It therefore amounted to a
vindication. One who offers an apology, admits himself to have been,
at least apparently, in the wrong, but brings forward some palliating
circumstance, or tenders a frank acknowledgment, by way of
reparation. We make an apology for some breach of propriety or
decorum (like rude expressions, unbecoming conduct, etc.), or some
deficiency in what might be reasonably expected. We offer an excuse
when we have been guilty of some breach or neglect of duty; and we do
it by way of extenuating our fault, and with a view to be forgiven.
When an excuse has been accepted, an apology may still, in some
cases, be necessary or appropriate. "An excuse is not grounded on the
claim of innocence, but is rather an appeal for favor resting on some
collateral circumstance. An apology mostly respects the conduct of
individuals toward each other as equals; it is a voluntary act
produced by feelings of decorum, or a desire for the good opinion of
others." Crabb.

APOLOGY
A*pol"o*gy, v. i.

Defn: To offer an apology. [Obs.]
For which he can not well apology. J. Webster.

APOMECOMETER
Ap`o*me*com"e*ter, n.

Defn: An instrument for measuring the height of objects. Knight.

APOMECOMETRY
Ap`o*me*com"e*try, n. Etym: [Pref. apo- + Gr. -metry.]

Defn: The art of measuring the distance of objects afar off. [Obs. or
R.]

APOMORPHIA; APOMORPHINE
Ap`o*mor"phi*a, Ap`o*mor"phine, n. Etym: [Pref. apo- + morphia,
morphine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline alkaloid obtained from morphia. It is a powerful
emetic.

APONEUROSIS
Ap`o*neu*ro"sis, n.; pl. Aponeuroses. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Any one of the thicker and denser of the deep fasciæ which
cover, invest, and the terminations and attachments of, many muscles.
They often differ from tendons only in being flat and thin. See
Fascia.

APONEUROTIC
Ap`o*neu*rot"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an aponeurosis.

APONEUROTOMY
Ap`o*neu*rot"o*my, n. Etym: [Aponeurosis + Gr.

Defn: Dissection of aponeuroses.

APOPEMPTIC
Ap`o*pemp"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Sung or addressed to one departing; valedictory; as, apoplectic
songs or hymns.

APOPHASIS
A*poph"a*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which a speaker formally declines to take notice of
a favorable point, but in such a manner as to produce the effect
desired. [For example, see Mark Antony's oration. Shak., Julius
Cæsar, iii. 2.]

APOPHLEGMATIC
Ap`o*phleg*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Phlegmatic.] (Med.)

Defn: Designed to facilitate discharges of phlegm or mucus from mouth
or nostrils.
 -- n.

Defn: An apohlegmatic medicine.

APOPHLEGMATISM
Ap`o*phleg"ma*tism, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: The action of apophlegmatics.

2. An apophlegmatic. [Obs.] Bacon.

APOPHLEGMATIZANT
Ap`o*phleg*mat"i*zant, n. (Med.)

Defn: An apophlegmatic. [Obs.]

APOPHTHEGM
Ap`oph*thegm, n.

Defn: See Apothegm.

APOPHTHEGMATIC; APOPHTHEGMATICAL
Ap`oph*theg*mat"ic, Ap`oph*theg*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Same as Apothegmatic.

APOPHYGE
A*poph"y*ge, n. Etym: [Gr. apophyge.] (Arch.)

Defn: The small hollow curvature given to the top or bottom of the
shaft of a column where it expands to meet the edge of the fillet; --
called also the scape. Parker.

APOPHYLLITE
A*poph"yl*lite, n. Etym: [Pref. apo- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral relating to the zeolites, usually occurring in square
prisms or octahedrons with pearly luster on the cleavage surface. It
is a hydrous silicate of calcium and potassium.

APOPHYSIS
A*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. -ses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A marked prominence or process on any part of a bone.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: An enlargement at the top of a pedicel or stem, as seen in
certain mosses. Gray.

APOPLECTIC; APOPLECTICAL
Ap`o*plec"tic(#) Ap`o*plec"tic*al, a. Etym: [L. apoplecticus, Gr.
apoplectique. See Apoplexy.]

Defn: Relating to apoplexy; affected with, inclined to, or
symptomatic of, apoplexy; as, an apoplectic person, medicine, habit
or temperament, symptom, fit, or stroke.

APOPLECTIC
Ap`o*plec"tic, n.

Defn: One liable to, or affected with, apoplexy.

APOPLECTIFORM; APOPLECTOID
Ap`o*plec"ti*form, Ap`o*plec"toid, a. Etym: [Apoplectic + -form, -
oid.]

Defn: Resembling apoplexy.

APOPLEX
Ap"o*plex, n.

Defn: Apoplexy. [Obs.] Dryden.

APOPLEXED
Ap`o*plexed, a.

Defn: Affected with apoplexy. [Obs.] Shak.

APOPLEXY
Ap"o*plex`y, n. Etym: [OE. poplexye, LL. poplexia, apoplexia, fr. Gr.
apoplexie. See Plague.] (Med.)

Defn: Sudden diminution or loss of consciousness, sensation, and
voluntary motion, usually caused by pressure on the brain.

Note: The term is now usually limited to cerebral apoplexy, or loss
of consciousness due to effusion of blood or other lesion within the
substance of the brain; but it is sometimes extended to denote an
effusion of blood into the substance of any organ; as, apoplexy of
the lung.

APORETICAL
Ap`o*ret"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Aporia.]

Defn: Doubting; skeptical. [Obs.] Cudworth.

APORIA
A*po"ri*a, n.; pl. Aporias. Etym: [L., doubt, Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure in which the speaker professes to be at a loss what
course to pursue, where to begin to end, what to say, etc.

APOROSA
Ap`o*ro"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Aporia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of corals in which the coral is not porous; -- opposed
to Perforata.

APOROSE
Ap`o*rose", a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without pores.

APORT
A*port", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + port.] (Naut.)

Defn: On or towards the port or left side; -- said of the helm.

APOSEMATIC
Ap`o*se*mat"ic, a. [Pref. apo-+ sematic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having or designating conspicuous or warning colors or
structures indicative of special means of defense against enemies, as
in the skunk.

APOSIOPESIS
Ap`o*si`o*pe"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech in which the speaker breaks off suddenly, as
if unwilling or unable to state what was in his mind; as, "I declare
to you that his conduct -- but I can not speak of that, here."

APOSITIC
Ap`o*sit"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Destroying the appetite, or suspending hunger.

APOSTASY
A*pos"ta*sy, n.; pl. Apostasies. Etym: [OE. apostasie, F. apostasie,
L. apostasia, fr. Gr. Off and Stand.]

Defn: An abandonment of what one has voluntarily professed; a total
desertion of departure from one's faith, principles, or party; esp.,
the renunciation of a religious faith; as, Julian's apostasy from
Christianity.

APOSTATE
A*pos"tate, n. Etym: [L. apostata, Gr. Apostasy.]

1. One who has forsaken the faith, principles, or party, to which he
before adhered; esp., one who has forsaken his religion for another;
a pervert; a renegade.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: One who, after having received sacred orders, renounces his
clerical profession.

APOSTATE
A*pos"tate, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, apostasy; faithless to
moral allegiance; renegade.
So spake the apostate angel. Milton.
A wretched and apostate state. Steele.

APOSTATE
A*pos"tate, v. i. Etym: [L. apostatare.]

Defn: To apostatize. [Obs.]
We are not of them which apostate from Christ. Bp. Hall.

APOSTATIC
Ap`o*stat"ic, a. Etym: [L. apostaticus, Gr.

Defn: Apostatical. [R.]

APOSTATICAL
Ap`o*stat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Apostate.
An heretical and apostatical church. Bp. Hall.

APOSTATIZE
A*pos"ta*tize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Apostatized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Apostatizing.] Etym: [LL. apostatizare.]

Defn: To renounce totally a religious belief once professed; to
forsake one's church, the faith or principles once held, or the party
to which one has previously adhered.
He apostatized from his old faith in facts, took to believing in
Carlyle.

APOSTEMATE
A*pos"te*mate, v. i. Etym: [See Aposteme.]

Defn: To form an abscess; to swell and fill with pus. Wiseman.

APOSTEMATION
A*pos`te*ma"tion, n. Etym: [LL. apostematio: cf. F. apostémation.]
(Med.)

Defn: The formation of an aposteme; the process of suppuration.
[Written corruptly imposthumation.] Wiseman.

APOSTEMATOUS
Ap`os*tem"a*tous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or partaking of the nature of, an aposteme.

APOSTEME
Ap"os*teme, n. Etym: [L. apostema, Gr. apostème. See Apostasy.]
(Med.)

Defn: An abscess; a swelling filled with purulent matter. [Written
corruptly imposthume.]

A POSTERIORI
A` pos*te`ri*o"ri. Etym: [L. a (ab) + posterior latter.]

1. (Logic)

Defn: Characterizing that kind of reasoning which derives
propositions from the observation of facts, or by generalizations
from facts arrives at principles and definitions, or infers causes
from effects. This is the reverse of a priori reasoning.

2. (Philos.)

Defn: Applied to knowledge which is based upon or derived from facts
through induction or experiment; inductive or empirical.

APOSTIL; APOSTILLE
A*pos"til, A*pos"tille, n. Etym: [F. apostille. See Postil.]

Defn: A marginal note on a letter or other paper; an annotation.
Motley.

APOSTLE
A*pos"tle, n. Etym: [OE. apostle, apostel, postle, AS. apostol, L.
apostolus, fr. Gr. stellen to set, E. stall: cf. F. apôtre, Of.
apostre, apostle, apostele, apostole.]

1. Literally: One sent forth; a messenger. Specifically: One of the
twelve disciples of Christ, specially chosen as his companions and
witnesses, and sent forth to preach the gospel.
He called unto him his disciples, and of them he chose twelve, whom
also he named apostles. Luke vi. 13.

Note: The title of apostle is also applied to others, who, though not
of the number of the Twelve, yet were equal with them in office and
dignity; as, "Paul, called to be an apostle of Jesus Christ." 1 Cor.
i. 1. In Heb. iii. 1, the name is given to Christ himself, as having
been sent from heaven to publish the gospel. In the primitive church,
other ministers were called apostles (Rom. xvi. 7).

2. The missionary who first plants the Christian faith in any part of
the world; also, one who initiates any great moral reform, or first
advocates any important belief; one who has extraordinary success as
a missionary or reformer; as, Dionysius of Corinth is called the
apostle of France, John Eliot the apostle to the Indians, Theobald
Mathew the apostle of temperance.

3. (Civ. & Admiralty Law)

Defn: A brief letter dimissory sent by a court appealed from to the
superior court, stating the case, etc.; a paper sent up on appeals in
the admiralty courts. Wharton. Burrill. Apostles' creed, a creed of
unknown origin, which was formerly ascribed to the apostles. It
certainly dates back to the beginning of the sixth century, and some
assert that it can be found in the writings of Ambrose in the fourth
century.
 -- Apostle spoon (Antiq.), a spoon of silver, with the handle
terminating in the figure of an apostle. One or more were offered by
sponsors at baptism as a present to the godchild. B. Jonson.

APOSTLESHIP
A*pos"tle*ship, n.

Defn: The office or dignity of an apostle.

APOSTOLATE
A*pos"to*late, n. Etym: [L. apostolatus, fr. apostolus. See Apostle.]

1. The dignity, office, or mission, of an apostle; apostleship.
Judas had miscarried and lost his apostolate. Jer. Taylor.

2. The dignity or office of the pope, as the holder of the apostolic
see.

APOSTOLIC; APOSTOLICAL
Ap`os*tol"ic, Ap`os*tol"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. apostolicus, Gr.
apostolique.]

1. Pertaining to an apostle, or to the apostles, their times, or
their peculiar spirit; as, an apostolical mission; the apostolic age.

2. According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by
the apostles; as, apostolic faith or practice.

3. Of or pertaining to the pope or the papacy; papal. Apostolical
brief. See under Brief.
 -- Apostolic canons, a collection of rules and precepts relating to
the duty of Christians, and particularly to the ceremonies and
discipline of the church in the second and third centuries.
 -- Apostolic church, the Christian church; -- so called on account
of its apostolic foundation, doctrine, and order. The churches of
Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem were called apostolic
churches.
 -- Apostolic constitutions, directions of a nature similar to the
apostolic canons, and perhaps compiled by the same authors or author.
 -- Apostolic fathers, early Christian writers, who were born in the
first century, and thus touched on the age of the apostles. They were
Polycarp, Clement, Ignatius, and Hermas; to these Barnabas has
sometimes been added.
 -- Apostolic king (or majesty), a title granted by the pope to the
kings of Hungary on account of the extensive propagation of
Christianity by St. Stephen, the founder of the royal line. It is now
a title of the emperor of Austria in right of the throne of Hungary.
 -- Apostolic see, a see founded and governed by an apostle;
specifically, the Church of Rome; -- so called because, in the Roman
Catholic belief, the pope is the successor of St. Peter, the prince
of the apostles, and the only apostle who has successors in the
apostolic office.
 -- Apostolical succession, the regular and uninterrupted
transmission of ministerial authority by a succession of bishops from
the apostles to any subsequent period. Hook.

APOSTOLIC
Ap`os*tol"ic, n. Etym: [L. apostolicus.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A member of one of certain ascetic sects which at various times
professed to imitate the practice of the apostles.

APOSTOLICALLY
Ap`os*tol"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an apostolic manner.

APOSTOLICALNESS
Ap`os*tol"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: Apostolicity. Dr. H. More.

APOSTOLIC DELEGATE
Ap`os*tol"ic del"e*gate. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The diplomatic agent of the pope highest in grade, superior to
a nuncio.

APOSTOLICISM; APOSTOLICITY
Ap`os*tol"i*cism, A*pos`to*lic"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being apostolical.

APOSTROPHE
A*pos"tro*phe, n. Etym: [(1) L., fr. Gr. apostrophus apostrophe, the
turning away or omitting of a letter, Gr.

1. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech by which the orator or writer suddenly
breaks off from the previous method of his discourse, and addresses,
in the second person, some person or thing, absent or present; as,
Milton's apostrophe to Light at the beginning of the third book of
"Paradise Lost."

2. (Gram.)

Defn: The contraction of a word by the omission of a letter or
letters, which omission is marked by the character ['] placed where
the letter or letters would have been; as, call'd for called.

3. The mark ['] used to denote that a word is contracted (as in ne'er
for never, can't for can not), and as sign of the possessive,
singular and plural; as, a boy's hat, boys' hats. In the latter use
it originally marked the omission of the letter e.

Note: The apostrophe is used to mark the plural of figures and
letters; as, two 10's and three a's. It is also employed to mark the
close of a quotation.

APOSTROPHIC
Ap`os*troph"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an apostrophe, grammatical or rhetorical.

APOSTROPHIZE
A*pos"tro*phize, v. t., Etym: [imp. & p. p. Apostrophized; p. pr. &
vb. n. Apostrophizing.]

1. To address by apostrophe.

2. To contract by omitting a letter or letters; also, to mark with an
apostrophe (') or apostrophes.

APOSTROPHIZE
A*pos"tro*phize, v. i.

Defn: To use the rhetorical figure called apostrophe.

APOSTUME
Ap"os*tume, n.

Defn: See Aposteme. [Obs.]

APOTACTITE
Ap`o*tac"tite, n. Etym: [LL. pl. apotactitae, Gr. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of ancient Christians, who, in supposed imitation
of the first believers, renounced all their possessions.

APOTELESM
A*pot"e*lesm, n. Etym: [See Apotelesmatic.]

1. The result or issue. [Obs.]

2. (Astrol.)

Defn: The calculation and explanation of a nativity. [Obs.] Bailey.

APOTELESMATIC
Ap`o*tel`es*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Relating to the casting of horoscopes. [Archaic] Whewell.

2. Relating to an issue of fulfillment.
In this way a passage in the Old Testament may have, or rather
comprise, an apotelesmatic sense, i. e., one of after or final
accomplishment. M. Stuart.

APOTHECARY
A*poth"e*ca*ry, n.; pl. Apothecaries. Etym: [OE. apotecarie, fr. LL.
apothecarius, fr. L. apotheca storehouse, Gr. apo, fr. apothicaire,
OF. apotecaire. See Thesis.]

Defn: One who prepares and sells drugs or compounds for medicinal
purposes.

Note: In England an apothecary is one of a privileged class of
practitioners -- a kind of sub-physician. The surgeon apothecary is
the ordinary family medical attendant. One who sells drugs and makes
up prescriptions is now commonly called in England a druggist or a
pharmaceutical chemist. Apothecaries' weight, the system of weights
by which medical prescriptions were formerly compounded. The pound
and ounce are the same as in Troy weight; they differ only in the
manner of subdivision. The ounce is divided into 8 drams, 24
scruples, 480 grains. See Troy weight.

APOTHECIUM
Apo`*the"ci*um, n.; pl. Apothecia. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: The ascigerous fructification of lichens, forming masses of
various shapes.

APOTHEGM; APOPHTHEGM
Ap"o*thegm, Ap"oph*thegm, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A short, pithy, and instructive saying; a terse remark,
conveying some important truth; a sententious precept or maxim.

Note: [Apothegm is now the prevalent spelling in the United States.]

APOTHEGMATIC; APOTHEGMATICAL
Ap`o*theg*mat"ic, Ap`o*theg*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to, or in the manner of, an apotghem; sententious;
pithy.

APOTHEGMATIST
Ap`o*theg"ma*tist, n.

Defn: A collector or maker of apothegms. Pope.

APOTHEGMATIZE
Ap`o*theg"ma*tize, v. i.

Defn: To utter apothegms, or short and sententious sayings.

APOTHEM
Ap"o*them, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Math.)

Defn: The perpendicular from the center to one of the sides of a
regular polygon.

2. A deposit formed in a liquid extract of a vegetable substance by
exposure to the air.

APOTHEOSIS
Ap`o*the"o*sis, n. pl. Apotheoses. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. The act of elevating a mortal to the rank of, and placing him
among, "the gods;" deification.

2. Glorification; exaltation. "The apotheosis of chivalry." Prescott.
"The noisy apotheosis of liberty and machinery." F. Harrison.

APOTHEOSIZE
Ap`o*the"o*size, v. t.

Defn: To exalt to the dignity of a deity; to declare to be a god; to
deify; to glorify.

APOTHESIS
A*poth"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. Apothecary.] (Arch.)
(a) A place on the south side of the chancel in the primitive
churches, furnished with shelves, for books, vestments, etc. Weale.
(b) A dressing room connected with a public bath.

APOTOME
A*pot"o*me, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Math.)

Defn: The difference between two quantities commensurable only in
power, as between sq. root2 and 1, or between the diagonal and side
of a square.

2. (Mus)

Defn: The remaining part of a whole tone after a smaller semitone has
been deducted from it; a major semitone. [Obs.]

APOZEM
Ap"o*zem, n. Etym: [L. apozema, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A decoction or infusion. [Obs.] Wiseman.

APOZEMICAL
Ap`o*zem"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a decoction. [Obs.] J. Whitaker.

APPAIR
Ap*pair", v. t. & i. Etym: [OF. empeirier, F. empire. See Impair.]

Defn: To impair; to grow worse. [Obs.]

APPALACHIAN
Ap`pa*la"chi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a chain of mountains in the United States,
commonly called the Allegheny mountains.

Note: The name Appalachian was given to the mountains by the
Spaniards under De Soto, who derived it from the heighboring Indians.
Am. Cyc.

APPALL
Ap*pall", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appalled; p. pr. & vb. n. Appalling.]
Etym: [OF. appalir to grow pale, make pale; a (L. ad) + pâlir to grow
pale, to make pale, pâle pale. See Pale, a., and cf. Pall.]

1. To make pale; to blanch. [Obs.]
The answer that ye made to me, my dear, . . . Hath so appalled my
countenance. Wyatt.

2. To weaken; to enfeeble; to reduce; as, an old appalled wight.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
Whine, of its own nature, will not congeal and freeze, only it will
lose the strength, and become appalled in extremity of cold. Holland.

3. To depress or discourage with fear; to impress with fear in such a
manner that the mind shrinks, or loses its firmness; to overcome with
sudden terror or horror; to dismay; as, the sight appalled the
stoutest heart.
The house of peers was somewhat appalled at this alarum. Clarendon.

Syn.
 -- To dismay; terrify; daunt; frighten; affright; scare; depress.
See Dismay.

APPALL
Ap*pall", v. i.

1. To grow faint; to become weak; to become dismayed or discouraged.
[Obs.] Gower.

2. To lose flavor or become stale. [Obs.]

APPALL
Ap*pall", n.

Defn: Terror; dismay. [Poet.] Cowper.

APPALLING
Ap*pall"ing, a.

Defn: Such as to appall; as, an appalling accident.
 -- Ap*pall"ing*ly, adv.

APPALLMENT
Ap*pall"ment, n.

Defn: Depression occasioned by terror; dismay. [Obs.] Bacon.

APPANAGE
Ap"pa*nage, n. Etym: [F. apanage, fr. OF. apaner to nourish, support,
fr. LL. apanare to furnish with bread, to provision; L. ad + pains
bread.]

1. The portion of land assigned by a sovereign prince for the
subsistence of his younger sons.

2. A dependency; a dependent territory.

3. That which belongs to one by custom or right; a natural adjunct or
accompaniment. "Wealth . . . the appanage of wit." Swift.

APPANAGIST
Ap*pan"a*gist, n. Etym: [F. apanagiste.]

Defn: A prince to whom an appanage has been granted.

APPARAILLYNG
Ap*par"ail*lyng, n. Etym: [See Apparel, n. & v.]

Defn: Preparation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APPARATUS
Ap"pa*ratus, n.; pl. Apparatus, also rarely Apparatuses. Etym: [L.,
from apparare, apparatum, to prepare; ad + prepare to make ready.]

1. Things provided as means to some end.

2. Hence: A full collection or set of implements, or utensils, for a
given duty, experimental or operative; any complex instrument or
appliance, mechanical or chemical, for a specific action or
operation; machinery; mechanism.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: A collection of organs all of which unite in a common function;
as, the respiratory apparatus.

APPAREL
Ap*par"el, n. Etym: [OE. apparel, apareil, OF. apareil, appareil,
preparation, provision, furniture, OF. apareiller to match, prepare,
F. appareiller; OF. a (L. ad) + pareil like, similar, fr. LL.
pariculus, dim. of L. par equal. See Pair.]

1. External clothing; vesture; garments; dress; garb; external
habiliments or array.
Fresh in his new apparel, proud and young. Denham.
At public devotion his resigned carriage made religion appear in the
natural apparel of simplicity. Tatler.

2. A small ornamental piece of embroidery worn on albs and some other
ecclesiastical vestments.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The furniture of a ship, as masts, sails, rigging, anchors,
guns, etc.

Syn.
 -- Dress; clothing; vesture; garments; raiment; garb; costume;
attire; habiliments.

APPAREL
Ap*par"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appareled, or Apparelled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Appareling, or Apparelling.] Etym: [OF. apareiller.]

1. To make or get (something) ready; to prepare. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To furnish with apparatus; to equip; to fit out.
Ships . . . appareled to fight. Hayward.

3. To dress or clothe; to attire.
They which are gorgeously appareled, and live delicately, are in
kings' courts. Luke vii. 25.

4. To dress with external ornaments; to cover with something
ornamental; to deck; to embellish; as, trees appareled with flowers,
or a garden with verdure.
Appareled in celestial light. Wordsworth.

APPARENCE
Ap*par"ence, n. Etym: [OF. aparence.]

Defn: Appearance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APPARENCY
Ap*par"en*cy, n.

1. Appearance. [Obs.]

2. Apparentness; state of being apparent. Coleridge.

3. The position of being heir apparent.

APPARENT
Ap*par"ent, a. Etym: [F. apparent, L. apparens, -entis, p. pr. of
apparere. See Appear.]

1. Capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to
the eye; within sight or view.
The moon . . . apparent queen. Milton.

2. Clear or manifest to the understanding; plain; evident; obvious;
known; palpable; indubitable.
It is apparent foul play. Shak.

3. Appearing to the eye or mind (distinguished from, but not
necessarily opposed to, true or real); seeming; as the apparent
motion or diameter of the sun.
To live on terms of civility, and even of apparent friendship.
Macaulay.
What Berkeley calls visible magnitude was by astronomers called
apparent magnitude. Reid.
Apparent horizon, the circle which in a level plain bounds our view,
and is formed by the apparent meeting of the earth and heavens, as
distinguished from the rational horizon.
 -- Apparent time. See Time.
 -- Heir apparent (Law), one whose to an estate is indefeasible if he
survives the ancestor; -- in distinction from presumptive heir. See
Presumptive.

Syn.
 -- Visible; distinct; plain; obvious; clear; certain; evident;
manifest; indubitable; notorious.

APPARENT
Ap*par"ent, n.

Defn: An heir apparent. [Obs.]
I'll draw it [the sword] as apparent to the crown. Shak.

APPARENTLY
Ap*par"ent*ly, adv.

1. Visibly. [Obs.] Hobbes.

2. Plainly; clearly; manifestly; evidently.
If he should scorn me so apparently. Shak.

3. Seemingly; in appearance; as, a man may be apparently friendly,
yet malicious in heart.

APPARENTNESS
Ap*par"ent*ness, n.

Defn: Plainness to the eye or the mind; visibleness; obviousness.
[R.] Sherwood.

APPARITION
Ap`pa*ri"tion, n. Etym: [F. apparition, L. apparitio, fr. apparere.
See Appear.]

1. The act of becoming visible; appearance; visibility. Milton.
The sudden apparition of the Spaniards. Prescott.
The apparition of Lawyer Clippurse occasioned much speculation in
that portion of the world. Sir W. Scott.

2. The thing appearing; a visible object; a form.
Which apparition, it seems, was you. Tatler.

3. An unexpected, wonderful, or preternatural appearance; a ghost; a
specter; a phantom. "The heavenly bands . . . a glorious apparition."
Milton.
I think it is the weakness of mine eyes
That shapes this monstrous apparition. Shak.

4. (Astron.)

Defn: The first appearance of a star or other luminary after having
been invisible or obscured; -- opposed to occultation. Circle of
perpetual apparition. See under Circle.

APPARITIONAL
Ap`pa*ri"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an apparition or to apparitions; spectral. "An
apparitional soul." Tylor.

APPARITOR
Ap*par"i*tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. apparere. See Appear.]

1. Formerly, an officer who attended magistrates and judges to
execute their orders.
Before any of his apparitors could execute the sentence, he was
himself summoned away by a sterner apparitor to the other world. De
Quincey.

2. (Law)

Defn: A messenger or officer who serves the process of an
ecclesiastical court. Bouvier.

APPAUME
Ap`pau`mé", n. Etym: [F. appaumé; (l. ad) + paume the palm, fr. L.
palma.] (Her.)

Defn: A hand open and extended so as to show the palm.

APPAY
Ap*pay", v. t. Etym: [OF. appayer, apaier, LL. appacare, appagare,
fr. L. ad + pacare to pacify, pax, pacis, peace. See Pay, Appease.]

Defn: To pay; to satisfy or appease. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

APPEACH
Ap*peach", v. t. Etym: [OE. apechen, for empechen, OF. empeechier, F.
empêcher, to hinder. See Impeach.]

Defn: To impeach; to accuse; to asperse; to inform against; to
reproach. [Obs.]
And oft of error did himself appeach. Spenser.

APPEACHER
Ap*peach"er, n.

Defn: An accuser. [Obs.] Raleigh.

APPEACHMENT
Ap*peach"ment, n.

Defn: Accusation. [Obs.]

APPEAL
Ap*peal", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appealed; p. pr. & vb. n. Appealing.]
Etym: [OE. appelen, apelen, to appeal, accuse, OF. appeler, fr. L.
appellare to approach, address, invoke, summon, call, name; akin to
appellere to drive to; ad + pellere to drive. See Pulse, and cf.
Peal.]

1. (Law)
(a) To make application for the removal of (a cause) from an inferior
to a superior judge or court for a rehearing or review on account of
alleged injustice or illegality in the trial below. We say, the cause
was appealed from an inferior court.
(b) To charge with a crime; to accuse; to institute a private
criminal prosecution against for some heinous crime; as, to appeal a
person of felony.

2. To summon; to challenge. [Archaic]
Man to man will I appeal the Norman to the lists. Sir W. Scott.

3. To invoke. [Obs.] Milton.

APPEAL
Ap*peal", v. t.

1. (Law)

Defn: To apply for the removal of a cause from an inferior to a
superior judge or court for the purpose of reëxamination of for
decision. Tomlins.
I appeal unto Cæsar. Acts xxv. 11.

2. To call upon another to decide a question controverted, to
corroborate a statement, to vindicate one's rights, etc.; as, I
appeal to all mankind for the truth of what is alleged. Hence: To
call on one for aid; to make earnest request.
I appeal to the Scriptures in the original. Horsley.
They appealed to the sword. Macaulay.

APPEAL
Ap*peal", n. Etym: [OE. appel, apel, OF. apel, F. appel, fr. appeler.
See Appeal, v. t.]

1. (Law)
(a) An application for the removal of a cause or suit from an
inferior to a superior judge or court for reëxamination or review.
(b) The mode of proceeding by which such removal is effected.
(c) The right of appeal.
(d) An accusation; a process which formerly might be instituted by
one private person against another for some heinous crime demanding
punishment for the particular injury suffered, rather than for the
offense against the public.
(e) An accusation of a felon at common law by one of his accomplices,
which accomplice was then called an approver. See Approvement.
Tomlins. Bouvier.

2. A summons to answer to a charge. Dryden.

3. A call upon a person or an authority for proof or decision, in
one's favor; reference to another as witness; a call for help or a
favor; entreaty.
A kind of appeal to the Deity, the author of wonders. Bacon.

4. Resort to physical means; recourse.
Every milder method is to be tried, before a nation makes an appeal
to arms. Kent.

APPEALABLE
Ap*peal"a*ble, a.

1. Capable of being appealed against; that may be removed to a higher
tribunal for decision; as, the cause is appealable.

2. That may be accused or called to answer by appeal; as, a criminal
is appealable for manslaughter. [Obs.]

APPEALANT
Ap*peal"ant, n.

Defn: An appellant. [Obs.] Shak.

APPEALER
Ap*peal"er, n.

Defn: One who makes an appeal.

APPEALING
Ap*peal"ing, a.

Defn: That appeals; imploring.
 -- Ap*peal"*ing*ly, adv.
 -- Ap*peal"ing*ness, n.

APPEAR
Ap*pear", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Appeared; p. pr. & vb. n. Appearing.]
Etym: [OE. apperen, aperen, OF. aparoir, F. apparoir, fr. L. appar to
appear + parto come forth, to be visible; prob. from the same root as
par to produce. Cf. Apparent, Parent, Peer, v. i.]

1. To come or be in sight; to be in view; to become visible.
And God . . . said, Let . . . the dry land appear. Gen. i. 9.

2. To come before the public; as, a great writer appeared at that
time.

3. To stand in presence of some authority, tribunal, or superior
person, to answer a charge, plead a cause, or the like; to present
one's self as a party or advocate before a court, or as a person to
be tried.
We must all appear before the judgment seat. * Cor. v. 10.
One ruffian escaped because no prosecutor dared to appear. Macaulay.

4. To become visible to the apprehension of the mind; to be known as
a subject of observation or comprehension, or as a thing proved; to
be obvious or manifest.
It doth not yet appear what we shall be. 1 John iii. 2.
Of their vain contest appeared no end. Milton.

5. To seem; to have a certain semblance; to look.
They disfigure their faces, that they may appear unto men to fast.
Matt. vi. 16.

Syn.
 -- To seem; look. See Seem.

APPEAR
Ap*pear", n.

Defn: Appearance. [Obs.] J. Fletcher.

APPEARANCE
Ap*pear"ance, n. Etym: [F. apparence, L. apparentia, fr. apparere.
See Appear.]

1. The act of appearing or coming into sight; the act of becoming
visible to the eye; as, his sudden appearance surprised me.

2. A thing seed; a phenomenon; a phase; an apparition; as, an
appearance in the sky.

3. Personal presence; exhibition of the person; look; aspect; mien.
And now am come to see . . . It thy appearance answer loud report.
Milton.

4. Semblance, or apparent likeness; external show. pl. Outward signs,
or circumstances, fitted to make a particular impression or to
determine the judgment as to the character of a person or a thing, an
act or a state; as, appearances are against him.
There was upon the tabernacle, as it were, the appearance of fire.
Num. ix. 15.
For man looketh on the outward appearance. 1 Sam. xvi. 7.
Judge not according to the appearance. John. vii. 24.

5. The act of appearing in a particular place, or in society, a
company, or any proceedings; a coming before the public in a
particular character; as, a person makes his appearance as an
historian, an artist, or an orator.
Will he now retire, After appearance, and again prolong Our
expectation Milton.

6. Probability; likelihood. [Obs.]
There is that which hath no appearance. Bacon.

7. (Law)

Defn: The coming into court of either of the parties; the being
present in court; the coming into court of a party summoned in an
action, either by himself or by his attorney, expressed by a formal
entry by the proper officer to that effect; the act or proceeding by
which a party proceeded against places himself before the court, and
submits to its jurisdiction. Burrill. Bouvier. Daniell. To put in an
appearance, to be present; to appear in person.
 -- To save appearances, to preserve a fair outward show.

Syn.
 -- Coming; arrival; presence; semblance; pretense; air; look;
manner; mien; figure; aspect.

APPEARER
Ap*pear"er, n.

Defn: One who appears. Sir T. Browne.

APPEARINGLY
Ap*pear"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Apparently. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

APPEASABLE
Ap*peas"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being appeased or pacified; placable.
 -- Ap*peas"a*ble*ness, n.

APPEASE
Ap*pease", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appealed; p. pr. & vb. n. Appeasing.]
Etym: [OE. apesen, apaisen, OF. apaisier, apaissier, F. apaiser, fr.
a (L. ad) + OF. pais peace, F. paix, fr. L. pax, pacis. See Peace.]

Defn: To make quiet; to calm; to reduce to a state of peace; to
still; to pacify; to dispel (anger or hatred); as, to appease the
tumult of the ocean, or of the passions; to appease hunger or thirst.

Syn.
 -- To pacify; quiet; conciliate; propitiate; assuage; compose; calm;
allay; hush; soothe; tranquilize.

APPEASEMENT
Ap*pease"ment, n.

Defn: The act of appeasing, or the state of being appeased;
pacification. Hayward.

APPEASER
Ap*peas"er, n.

Defn: One who appeases; a pacifier.

APPEASIVE
Ap*pea"sive, a.

Defn: Tending to appease.

APPEL
Ap`pel", n. [F., prop., a call. See Appeal, n.] (Fencing)

Defn: A tap or stamp of the foot as a warning of intent to attack; --
called also attack.

APPELLABLE
Ap*pel"la*ble, a.

Defn: Appealable.

APPELLANCY
Ap*pel"lan*cy, n.

Defn: Capability of appeal.

APPELLANT
Ap*pel"lant, a. Etym: [L. appellans, p. pr. of appellare; cf. F.
appelant. See Appeal.]

Defn: Relating to an appeal; appellate. "An appellant jurisdiction."
Hallam. Party appellant (Law), the party who appeals; appellant; --
opposed to respondent, or appellee. Tomlins.

APPELLANT
Ap*pel"lant, n.

1. (Law)
(a) One who accuses another of felony or treason. [Obs.]
(b) One who appeals, or asks for a rehearing or review of a cause by
a higher tribunal.

2. A challenger. [Obs.] Milton.

3. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who appealed to a general council against the bull
Unigenitus.

4. One who appeals or entreats.

APPELLATE
Ap*pel"late, a. Etym: [L. appelatus, p. p. of appellare.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or taking cognizance of, appeals. "Appellate
jurisdiction." Blackstone. "Appellate judges." Burke. Appelate court,
a court having cognizance of appeals.

APPELLATE
Ap*pel"late, n.

Defn: A person or prosecuted for a crime. [Obs.] See Appellee.

APPELLATION
Ap`pel*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. appellatio, fr. appellare: cf. F.
appellation. See Appeal.]

1. The act of appealing; appeal. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. The act of calling by a name.

3. The word by which a particular person or thing is called and
known; name; title; designation.
They must institute some persons under the appellation of
magistrates. Hume.

Syn.
 -- See Name.

APPELLATIVE
Ap*pel"la*tive, a. Etym: [L. appellativus, fr. appellare: cf. F.
appelatif. See Appeal.]

1. Pertaining to a common name; serving as a distinctive
denomination; denominative; naming. Cudworth.

2. (gram.)

Defn: Common, as opposed to proper; denominative of a class.

APPELLATIVE
Ap*pel"la*tive, n. Etym: [L. appelativum, sc. nomen.]

1. A common name, distinction from a proper name. A common name, or
appellative, stands for a whole class, genus, or species of beings,
or for universal ideas. Thus, tree is the name of all plants of a
particular class; plant and vegetable are names of things that grow
out of the earth. A proper name, on the other hand, stands for a
single thing; as, Rome, Washington, Lake Erie.

2. An appellation or title; a descriptive name.
God chosen it for one of his appellatives to be the Defender of them.
Jer. Taylor.

APPELLATIVELY
Ap*pel"la*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: After the manner of nouns appellative; in a manner to express
whole classes or species; as, Hercules is sometimes used
appellatively, that is, as a common name, to signify a strong man.

APPELLATIVENESS
Ap*pel"la*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being appellative. Fuller.

APPELLATORY
Ap*pel"la*tory, a. Etym: [L. appellatorius, fr. appellare.]

Defn: Containing an appeal.
An appellatory libel ought to contain the name of the party
appellant. Ayliffe.

APPELLEE
Ap`pel*lee", n. Etym: [F. appelé, p. p. of appeler, fr. L.
appellare.] (Law)
(a) The defendant in an appeal; -- opposed to appellant.
(b) The person who is appealed against, or accused of crime; --
opposed to appellor. Blackstone.

APPELLOR
Ap`pel*lor, n. Etym: [OF. apeleur, fr. L. appellator, fr. appellare.]
(Law)
(a) The person who institutes an appeal, or prosecutes another for a
crime. Blackstone.
(b) One who confesses a felony committed and accuses his accomplices.
Blount. Burrill.

Note: This word is rarely or never used for the plaintiff in appeal
from a lower court, who is called the appellant. Appellee is opposed
both to appellant and appellor.

APPENAGE
Ap"pen*age, n.

Defn: See Appanage.

APPEND
Ap*pend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appended; p. pr. & vb. n. Appending.]
Etym: [L. appendere or F. appendre: cf. OE. appenden, apenden, to
belong, OF. apendre, F. appendre, fr. L. append, v. i., to hang to,
append, v. t., to hang to; ad + pend, v. i., to hang, pend, v. t., to
hang. See Pendant.]

1. To hang or attach to, as by a string, so that the thing is
suspended; as, a seal appended to a record; the inscription was
appended to the column.

2. To add, as an accessory to the principal thing; to annex; as,
notes appended to this chapter.
A further purpose appended to the primary one. I. Taylor.

APPENDAGE
Ap*pend"age, n.

1. Something appended to, or accompanying, a principal or greater
thing, though not necessary to it, as a portico to a house.
Modesty is the appendage of sobriety. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A subordinate or subsidiary part or organ; an external organ or
limb, esp. of the articulates.
Antennæ and other appendages used for feeling. Carpenter.

Syn.
 -- Addition; adjunct; concomitant.

APPENDAGED
Ap*pend"aged, a.

Defn: Furnished with, or supplemented by, an appendage.

APPENDANCE
Ap*pend"ance, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Something appendant.

APPENDANT
Ap*pend"ant, a. Etym: [F. appendant, p. pr. of appendre. See Append,
v. t.]

1. Hanging; annexed; adjunct; concomitant; as, a seal appendant to a
paper.
As they have transmitted the benefit to us, it is but reasonable we
should suffer the appendant calamity. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Law)

Defn: Appended by prescription, that is, a personal usage for a
considerable time; -- said of a thing of inheritance belonging to
another inheritance which is superior or more worthy; as, an
advowson, common, etc. , which may be appendant to a manor, common of
fishing to a freehold, a seat in church to a house. Wharton. Coke.

APPENDANT
Ap*pend"ant, n.

1. Anything attached to another as incidental or subordinate to it.

2. (Law)

Defn: A inheritance annexed by prescription to a superior
inheritance.

APPENDECTOMY; APPENDICECTOMY
Ap`pen*dec"to*my, Ap*pend`i*cec"to*my, n. [Appendix + Gr., fr.
excision.] (Surg.)

Defn: Excision of the vermiform appendix.

APPENDENCE; APPENDENCY
Ap*pend"ence, Ap*pend"en*cy, n.

Defn: State of being appendant; appendance. [Obs.]

APPENDICAL
Ap*pend"i*cal, a.

Defn: Of or like an appendix.

APPENDICATE
Ap*pend"i*cate, v. t.

Defn: To append. [Obs.]

APPENDICATION
Ap*pend`i*ca"tion, n.

Defn: An appendage. [Obs.]

APPENDICITIS
Ap*pend`i*ci"tis, n. (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the vermiform appendix.

APPENDICLE
Ap*pend"i*cle, n. Etym: [L. appendicula, dim. of. appendix.]

Defn: A small appendage.

APPENDICULAR
Ap`pen*dic"u*lar, a.

Defn: Relating to an appendicle; appendiculate. [R.]

APPENDICULARIA
Ap`pen*dic`u*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small free-swimming Tunicata, shaped somewhat like a
tadpole, and remarkable for resemblances to the larvæ of other
Tunicata. It is the type of the order Copelata or Larvalia. See
Illustration in Appendix.

APPENDICULATA
Ap`pen*dic`u*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of annelids; the Polychæta.

APPENDICULATE
Ap`pen*dic"u*late, a. Etym: [See Appendicle.]

Defn: Having small appendages; forming an appendage. Appendiculate
leaf, a small appended leaf. Withering.

APPENDIX
Ap*pen"dix, n.; pl. E. Appendixes, L. Appendices(#). Etym: [L.
appendix, -dicis, fr. appendere. See Append.]

1. Something appended or added; an appendage, adjunct, or
concomitant.
Normandy became an appendix to England. Sir M. Hale.

2. Any literary matter added to a book, but not necessarily essential
to its completeness, and thus distinguished from supplement, which is
intended to supply deficiencies and correct inaccuracies.

Syn.
 -- See Supplement.

APPENDIX VERMIFORMIS
Ap*pen"dix ver`mi*for"mis. [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: The vermiform appendix.

APPENSION
Ap*pen"sion, n.

Defn: The act of appending. [Obs.]

APPERCEIVE
Ap`per*ceive", v. t. Etym: [F. apercevoir, fr. L. ad + percipere,
perceptum, to perceive. See Perceive.]

Defn: To perceive; to comprehend. Chaucer.

APPERCEPTION
Ap`per*cep"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. ad- + perception: cf. F.
apperception.] (Metaph.)

Defn: The mind's perception of itself as the subject or actor in its
own states; perception that reflects upon itself; sometimes,
intensified or energetic perception. Leibnitz. Reid.
This feeling has been called by philosophers the apperception or
consciousness of our own existence. Sir W. Hamilton.

APPERIL
Ap*per"il, n.

Defn: Peril. [Obs.] Shak.

APPERTAIN
Ap`per*tain", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Appertained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Appertaining.] Etym: [OE. apperteinen, apertenen, OF. apartenir, F.
appartenir, fr. L. appertinere; ad + pertinere to reach to, belong.
See Pertain.]

Defn: To belong or pertain, whether by right, nature, appointment, or
custom; to relate.
Things appertaining to this life. Hooker.
Give it unto him to whom it appertaineth. Lev. vi. 5.

APPERTAINMENT
Ap`per*tain"ment, n.

Defn: That which appertains to a person; an appurtenance. [Obs. or
R.] Shak.

APPERTINANCE; APPERTINENCE
Ap*per"ti*nance, Ap*per"ti*nence, n.

Defn: See Appurtenance.

APPERTINENT
Ap*per"ti*nent, a.

Defn: Belonging; appertaining. [Now usually written appurtenant.]
Coleridge.

APPERTINENT
Ap*per"ti*nent, n.

Defn: That which belongs to something else; an appurtenant. [Obs.]
Shak.

APPETE
Ap*pete", v. t. Etym: [L. appetere: cf. F. appéter. See Appetite.]

Defn: To seek for; to desire. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APPETENCE
Ap"pe*tence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. appétence. See Appetency.]

Defn: A longing; a desire; especially an ardent desire; appetite;
appetency.

APPETENCY
Ap"pe*ten*cy, n.; pl. Appetencies. Etym: [L. appetentia, fr. appetere
to strive after, long for. See Appetite.]

1. Fixed and strong desire; esp. natural desire; a craving; an eager
appetite.
They had a strong appetency for reading. Merivale.

2. Specifically: An instinctive inclination or propensity in animals
to perform certain actions, as in the young to suck, in aquatic fowls
to enter into water and to swim; the tendency of an organized body to
seek what satisfies the wants of its organism.
These lacteals have mouths, and by animal selection or appetency the
absorb such part of the fluid as is agreeable to their palate. E.
Darwin.

3. Natural tendency; affinity; attraction; -- used of inanimate
objects.

APPETENT
Ap"pe*tent, a. Etym: [L. appetens, p. pr. of appetere.]

Defn: Desiring; eagerly desirous. [R.]
Appetent after glory and renown. Sir G. Buck.

APPETIBILITY
Ap`pe*ti*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. appétibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being desirable. Bramhall.

APPETIBLE
Ap"pe*ti*ble, a. Etym: [L. appetibilis, fr. appetere: cf. F.
appétible.]

Defn: Desirable; capable or worthy of being the object of desire.
Bramhall.

APPETITE
Ap"pe*tite, n. Etym: [OE. appetit, F. appétit, fr. L. appetitus, fr.
appetere to strive after, long for; ad + petere to seek. See
Petition, and cf. Appetence.]

1. The desire for some personal gratification, either of the body or
of the mind.
The object of appetite it whatsoever sensible good may be wished for;
the object of will is that good which reason does lead us to seek.
Hooker.

2. Desire for, or relish of, food or drink; hunger.
Men must have appetite before they will eat. Buckle.

3. Any strong desire; an eagerness or longing.
It God had given to eagles an appetite to swim. Jer. Taylor.
To gratify the vulgar appetite for the marvelous. Macaulay.

4. Tendency; appetency. [Obs.]
In all bodies there as an appetite of union. Bacon.

5. The thing desired. [Obs.]
Power being the natural appetite of princes. Swift.

Note: In old authors, appetite is followed by to or of, but regularly
it should be followed by for before the object; as, an appetite for
pleasure.

Syn.
 -- Craving; longing; desire; appetency; passion.

APPETITION
Ap`pe*ti"tion, n. Etym: [L. appetitio: cf. F. appétition.]

Defn: Desire; a longing for, or seeking after, something. Holland.

APPETITIVE
Ap"pe*ti"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. appétitif.]

Defn: Having the quality of desiring gratification; as, appetitive
power or faculty. Sir M. Hale.

APPETIZE
Ap"pe*tize, v. t.

Defn: To make hungry; to whet the appetite of. Sir W. Scott.

APPETIZER
Ap"pe*ti`zer, n.

Defn: Something which creates or whets an appetite.

APPETIZING
Ap"pe*ti`zing, a. Etym: [Cf. F. appétissant.]

Defn: Exciting appetite; as, appetizing food.
The appearance of the wild ducks is very appetizing. Sir W. Scott.

APPETIZING
Ap"pe*ti`zing, adv.

Defn: So as to excite appetite.

APPIAN
Ap"pi*an, a. Etym: [L. Appius, Appianus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Appius. Appian Way, the great paved highway
from ancient Rome trough Capua to Brundisium, now Brindisi,
constructed partly by Appius Claudius, about 312 b. c.

APPLAUD
Ap*plaud", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Applauded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Applauding.] Etym: [L. applaudere; ad + plaudere to clash, to clap
the hands: cf. F. applaudir. Cf. Explode.]

1. To show approval of by clapping the hands, acclamation, or other
significant sign.
I would applaud thee to the very echo, That should applaud again.
Shak.

2. To praise by words; to express approbation of; to commend; to
approve.
By the gods, I do applaud his courage. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To praise; extol; commend; cry up; magnify; approve. See Praise.

APPLAUD
Ap*plaud", v. i.

Defn: To express approbation loudly or significantly.

APPLAUDER
Ap*plaud"er, n.

Defn: One who applauds.

APPLAUSABLE
Ap*plaus"a*ble, a.

Defn: Worthy pf applause; praiseworthy. [Obs.]

APPLAUSE
Ap*plause", n. Etym: [L. applaudere, app. See Applaud.]

Defn: The act of applauding; approbation and praise publicly
expressed by clapping the hands, stamping or tapping with the feet,
acclamation, huzzas, or other means; marked commendation.
The brave man seeks not popular applause. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Acclaim; acclamation; plaudit; commendation; approval.

APPLAUSIVE
Ap*plau"sive, a. Etym: [LL. applausivus.]

Defn: Expressing applause; approbative.
 -- Ap*plau"sive*ly, adv.

APPLE
Ap"ple, n. Etym: [OE. appel, eppel, AS. æppel, æpl; akin to Fries. &
D. appel, OHG, aphul, aphol, G. apfel, Icel. epli, Sw. äple, Dan.
æble, Gael. ubhall, W. afal, Arm. aval, Lith. ob, Russ. iabloko; of
unknown origin.]

1. The fleshy pome or fruit of a rosaceous tree (Pyrus malus)
cultivated in numberless varieties in the temperate zones.

Note: The European crab apple is supposed to be the original kind,
from which all others have sprung.

2. (bot.)

Defn: Any tree genus Pyrus which has the stalk sunken into the base
of the fruit; an apple tree.

3. Any fruit or other vegetable production resembling, or supposed to
resemble, the apple; as, apple of love, or love apple (a tomato),
balsam apple, egg apple, oak apple.

4. Anything round like an apple; as, an apple of gold.

Note: Apple is used either adjectively or in combination; as, apple
paper or apple-paper, apple-shaped, apple blossom, apple dumpling,
apple pudding. Apple blight, an aphid which injures apple trees. See
Blight, n.
 -- Apple borer (Zoöl.), a coleopterous insect (Saperda candida or
bivittata), the larva of which bores into the trunk of the apple tree
and pear tree.
 -- Apple brandy, brandy made from apples.
 -- Apple butter, a sauce made of apples stewed down in cider.
Bartlett.
 -- Apple corer, an instrument for removing the cores from apples.
 -- Apple fly (Zoöl.), any dipterous insect, the larva of which
burrows in apples. Apple flies belong to the genera Drosophila and
Trypeta.
 -- Apple midge (Zoöl.) a small dipterous insect (Sciara mali), the
larva of which bores in apples.
 -- Apple of the eye, the pupil.
 -- Apple of discord, a subject of contention and envy, so called
from the mythological golden apple, inscribed "For the fairest,"
which was thrown into an assembly of the gods by Eris, the goddess of
discord. It was contended for by Juno, Minerva, and Venus, and was
adjudged to the latter.
 -- Apple of love, or Love apple, the tomato (Lycopersicum
esculentum).
 -- Apple of Peru, a large coarse herb (Nicandra physaloides) bearing
pale blue flowers, and a bladderlike fruit inclosing a dry berry.
 -- Apples of Sodom, a fruit described by ancient writers as
externally of air appearance but dissolving into smoke and ashes
plucked; Dead Sea apples. The name is often given to the fruit of
Solanum Sodomæum, a prickly shrub with fruit not unlike a small
yellow tomato.
 -- Apple sauce, stewed apples. [U. S.] -- Apple snail or Apple shell
(Zoöl.), a fresh-water, operculated, spiral shell of the genus
Ampullaria.
 -- Apple tart, a tart containing apples.
 -- Apple tree, a tree naturally bears apples. See Apple, 2.
 -- Apple wine, cider.
 -- Apple worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a small moth (Carpocapsa
pomonella) which burrows in the interior of apples. See Codling moth.
 -- Dead Sea Apple. (a) pl. Apples of Sodom. Also Fig. "To seek the
Dead Sea apples of politics." S. B. Griffin. (b) A kind of gallnut
coming from Arabia. See Gallnut.

APPLE
Ap"ple, v. i.

Defn: To grow like an apple; to bear apples. Holland.

APPLE-FACED
Ap"ple-faced`, a.

Defn: Having a round, broad face, like an apple. "Apple-faced
children." Dickens.

APPLE-JACK
Ap"ple-jack`, n.

Defn: Apple brandy. [U.S.]

APPLE-JOHN
Ap"ple-john`, n..

Defn: A kind of apple which by keeping becomes much withered; --
called also Johnapple. Shak.

APPLE PIE
Ap"ple pie`.

Defn: A pie made of apples (usually sliced or stewed) with spice and
sugar. Apple-pie bed, a bed in which, as a joke, the sheets are so
doubled (like the cover of an apple turnover) as to prevent any one
from getting at his length between them. Halliwell, Conybeare.
 -- Apple-pie order, perfect order or arrangement. [Colloq.]
Halliwell.

APPLE-SQUIRE
Ap"ple-squire`, n.

Defn: A pimp; a kept gallant. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

APPLIABLE
Ap*pli"a*ble, a. Etym: [See Apply.]

Defn: Applicable; also, compliant. [Obs.] Howell.

APPLIANCE
Ap*pli"ance, n.

1. The act of applying; application; [Obs.] subservience. Shak.

2. The thing applied or used as a means to an end; an apparatus or
device; as, to use various appliances; a mechanical appliance; a
machine with its appliances.

APPLICABILITY
Ap`pli*ca*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being applicable or fit to be applied.

APPLICABLE
Ap"pli*ca*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. aplicable, fr. L. applicare. See
Apply.]

Defn: Capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having
relevance; as, this observation is applicable to the case under
consideration.
 -- Ap"pli*ca*ble*ness, n.
 -- Ap"pli*ca*bly, adv.

APPLICANCY
Ap"pli*can*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being applicable. [R.]

APPLICANT
Ap"pli*cant, n. Etym: [L. applicans, p. pr. of applicare. See Apply.]

Defn: One who apples for something; one who makes request; a
petitioner.
The applicant for a cup of water. Plumtre.
The court require the applicant to appear in person. Z. Swift.

APPLICATE
Ap"pli*cate, a. Etym: [L. applicatus, p. p. of applicare. See Apply.]

Defn: Applied or put to some use.
Those applicate sciences which extend the power of man over the
elements. I. Taylor.
Applicate number (Math.), one which applied to some concrete case.
 -- Applicate ordinate, right line applied at right angles to the
axis of any conic section, and bounded by the curve.

APPLICATE
Ap"pli*cate, v. i.

Defn: To apply. [Obs.]
The act of faith is applicated to the object. Bp. Pearson.

APPLICATION
Ap`pli*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. applicatio, fr. applicare: cf. F.
application. See Apply.]

1. The act of applying or laying on, in a literal sense; as, the
application of emollients to a diseased limb.

2. The thing applied.
He invented a new application by which blood might be stanched.
Johnson.

3. The act of applying as a means; the employment of means to
accomplish an end; specific use.
If a right course . . . be taken with children, there will not be
much need of the application of the common rewards and punishments.
Locke.

4. The act of directing or referring something to a particular case,
to discover or illustrate agreement or disagreement, fitness, or
correspondence; as, I make the remark, and leave you to make the
application; the application of a theory.

5. Hence, in specific uses: (a) That part of a sermon or discourse in
which the principles before laid down and illustrated are applied to
practical uses; the "moral" of a fable. (b) The use of the principles
of one science for the purpose of enlarging or perfecting another;
as, the application of algebra to geometry.

6. The capacity of being practically applied or used; relevancy; as,
a rule of general application.

7. The act of fixing the mind or closely applying one's self;
assiduous effort; close attention; as, to injure the health by
application to study.
Had his application been equal to his talents, his progress night
have been greater. J. Jay.

8. The act of making request of soliciting; as, an application for an
office; he made application to a court of chancery.

9. A request; a document containing a request; as, his application
was placed on file.

APPLICATIVE
Ap"pli*ca*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. applicatif, fr. L. applicare. See
Apply.]

Defn: Having of being applied or used; applying; applicatory;
practical. Bramhall.
 -- Ap"pli*ca*tive*ly, adv.

APPLICATORILY
Ap"pli*ca*to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of application.

APPLICATORY
Ap"pli*ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Having the property of applying; applicative; practical.
 -- n.

Defn: That which applies.

APPLIEDLY
Ap*pli"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: By application. [R.]

APPLIER
Ap*pli"er, n.

Defn: He who, or that which, applies.

APPLIMENT
Ap*pli"ment, n.

Defn: Application. [Obs.] Marston

APPLIQUE
Ap`pli`qué", a. Etym: [F., fr. appliquer to put on.]

Defn: Ornamented with a pattern (which has been cut out of another
color or stuff) applied or transferred to a foundation; as, appliqué
lace; appliqué work.

APPLOT
Ap*plot", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Applotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Applotting.]
Etym: [Pref. ad- + plot.]

Defn: To divide into plots or parts; to apportion. Milton.

APPLOTMENT
Ap*plot"ment, n.

Defn: Apportionment.

APPLY
Ap*ply", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Applied; p. pr. & vb. n. Applying.]
Etym: [OF. aplier, F. appliquer, fr. L. applicare to join, fix, or
attach to; ad + plicare to fold, to twist together. See Applicant,
Ply.]

1. To lay or place; to put or adjust (one thing to another); -- with
to; as, to apply the hand to the breast; to apply medicaments to a
diseased part of the body.
He said, and the sword his throat applied. Dryden.

2. To put to use; to use or employ for a particular purpose, or in a
particular case; to appropriate; to devote; as, to apply money to the
payment of a debt.

3. To make use of, declare, or pronounce, as suitable, fitting, or
relative; as, to apply the testimony to the case; to apply an epithet
to a person.
Yet God at last To Satan, first in sin, his doom applied. Milton.

4. To fix closely; to engage and employ diligently, or with
attention; to attach; to incline.
Apply thine heart unto instruction. Prov. xxiii. 12.

5. To direct or address. [R.]
Sacred vows . . . applied to grisly Pluto. Pope.

6. To betake; to address; to refer; -- used reflexively.
I applied myself to him for help. Johnson.

7. To busy; to keep at work; to ply. [Obs.]
She was skillful in applying his "humors." Sir P. Sidney.

8. To visit. [Obs.]
And he applied each place so fast. Chapman.
Applied chemistry. See under Chemistry.
 -- Applied mathematics. See under Mathematics.

APPLY
Ap*ply", v. i.

1. To suit; to agree; to have some connection, agreement, or analogy;
as, this argument applies well to the case.

2. To make request; to have recourse with a view to gain something;
to make application. (to); to solicit; as, to apply to a friend for
information.

3. To ply; to move. [R.]
I heard the sound of an oar applying swiftly through the water. T.
Moore.

4. To apply or address one's self; to give application; to attend
closely (to).

APPOGGIATURA
Ap*pog`gia*tu"ra, n. Etym: [It., fr. appogiarre to lean, to rest; ap-
(L. ad) + poggiare to mount, ascend, poggio hill, fr. L. podium an
elevated place.] (Mus.)

Defn: A passing tone preceding an essential tone, and borrowing the
time it occupies from that; a short auxiliary or grace note one
degree above or below the principal note unless it be of the same
harmony; -- generally indicated by a note of smaller size, as in the
illustration above. It forms no essential part of the harmony.

APPOINT
Ap*point", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appointed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Appointing.] Etym: [OE. appointen, apointen, OF. apointier to
prepare, arrange, lean, place, F. appointer to give a salary, refer a
cause, fr. LL. appunctare to bring back to the point, restore, to fix
the point in a controversy, or the points in an agreement; L. ad +
punctum a point. See Point.]

1. To fix with power or firmness; to establish; to mark out.
When he appointed the foundations of the earth. Prov. viii. 29.

2. To fix by a decree, order, command, resolve, decision, or mutual
agreement; to constitute; to ordain; to prescribe; to fix the time
and place of.
Thy servants are ready to do whatsoever my lord the king shall
appoint. 2 Sam. xv. 15.
He hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge the world in
righteousness. Acts xvii. 31.
Say that the emperor request a parley . . . and appoint the meeting.
Shak.

3. To assign, designate, or set apart by authority.
Aaron and his shall go in, and appoint them every one to his service.
Num. iv. 19.
These were cities appointed for all the children of Israel, and for
the stranger that sojourneth among them. Josh. xx. 9.

4. To furnish in all points; to provide with everything necessary by
way of equipment; to equip; to fit out.
The English, being well appointed, did so entertain them that their
ships departed terribly torn. Hayward.

5. To point at by way, or for the purpose, of censure or
commendation; to arraign. [Obs.]
Appoint not heavenly disposition. Milton.

6. (Law)

Defn: To direct, designate, or limit; to make or direct a new
disposition of, by virtue of a power contained in a conveyance; --
said of an estate already conveyed. Burrill. Kent. To appoint one's
self, to resolve. [Obs.] Crowley.

APPOINT
Ap*point", v. i.

Defn: To ordain; to determine; to arrange.
For the Lord had appointed to defeat the good counsel of Ahithoph2
Sam. xvii. 14.

APPOINTABLE
Ap*point"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being appointed or constituted.

APPOINTEE
Ap*point*ee", n. Etym: [F. appointé, p. p. of appointer. See Appoint,
v. t.]

1. A person appointed.
The commission authorizes them to make appointments, and pay the
appointees. Circular of Mass. Representatives (1768).

2. (law)

Defn: A person in whose favor a power of appointment is executed.
Kent. Wharton.

APPOINTER
Ap*point"er, n.

Defn: One who appoints, or executes a power of appointment. Kent.

APPOINTIVE
Ap*point"ive, a.

Defn: Subject to appointment; as, an appointive office. [R.]

APPOINTMENT
Ap*point"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. appointement.]

1. The act of appointing; designation of a person to hold an office
or discharge a trust; as, he erred by the appointment of unsuitable
men.

2. The state of being appointed to somappointment of treasurer.

3. Stipulation; agreement; the act of fixing by mutual agreement.
Hence:: Arrangement for a meeting; engagement; as, they made an
appointment to meet at six.

4. Decree; direction; established order or constitution; as, to
submit to the divine appointments.
According to the appointment of the priests. Ezra vi. 9.

5. (Law)

Defn: The exercise of the power of designating (under a "power of
appointment") a person to enjoy an estate or other specific property;
also, the instrument by which the designation is made.

6. Equipment, furniture, as for a ship or an army; whatever is
appointed for use and management; outfit; (pl.) the accouterments of
military officers or soldiers, as belts, sashes, swords.
The cavaliers emulated their chief in the richness of their
appointments. Prescott.
I'll prove it in my shackles, with these hands Void of appoinment,
that thou liest. Beau. & Fl.

7. An allowance to a person, esp. to a public officer; a perquisite;
-- properly only in the plural. [Obs.]
An expense proportioned to his appointments and fortune is necessary.
Chesterfield.

8. A honorary part or exercise, as an oration, etc., at a public
exhibition of a college; as, to have an appointment. [U.S.]

Syn.
 -- Designation; command; order; direction; establishment; equipment.

APPOINTOR
Ap*point*or", n. (Law)

Defn: The person who selects the appointee. See Appointee, 2.

APPORTER
Ap*por"ter, n. Etym: [Cf. F. apporter to bring in, fr. L. apportare;
ad + portare to bear.]

Defn: A bringer in; an importer. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

APPORTION
Ap*por"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apportioned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Apportioning.] Etym: [OF. apportionner, LL. apportionare, fr. L. ad +
portio. See Portion.]

Defn: To divide and assign in just proportion; to divide and
distribute proportionally; to portion out; to allot; as, to apportion
undivided rights; to apportion time among various employments.

APPORTIONATENESS
Ap*por"tion*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being apportioned or in proportion. [Obs. & R.]

APPORTIONER
Ap*por"tion*er, n.

Defn: One who apportions.

APPORTIONMENT
Ap*por"tion*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. apportionnement, LL.
apportionamentum.]

Defn: The act of apportioning; a dividing into just proportions or
shares; a division or shares; a division and assignment, to each
proprietor, of his just portion of an undivided right or property. A.
Hamilton.

APPOSABLE
Ap*pos"a*ble, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Capable of being apposed, or applied one to another, as the
thumb to the fingers of the hand.

APPOSE
Ap*pose", v. t. Etym: [F. apposer to set to; ad) + poser to put,
place. See Pose.]

1. To place opposite or before; to put or apply (one thing to
another).
The nymph herself did then appose, For food and beverage, to him all
best meat. Chapman.

2. To place in juxtaposition or proximity.

APPOSE
Ap*pose", v. t. Etym: [For oppose. See Oppose.]

Defn: To put questions to; to examine; to try. [Obs.] See Pose.
To appose him without any accuser, and that secretly. Tyndale.

APPOSED
Ap*posed", a.

Defn: Placed in apposition; mutually fitting, as the mandibles of a
bird's beak.

APPOSER
Ap*pos"er, n.

Defn: An examiner; one whose business is to put questions. Formerly,
in the English Court of Exchequer, an officer who audited the
sheriffs' accounts.

APPOSITE
Ap"po*site, a. Etym: [L. appositus, p. p. of apponere to set or put
to; ad + ponere to put, place.]

Defn: Very applicable; well adapted; suitable or fit; relevant; pat;
-- followed by to; as, this argument is very apposite to the case.
 -- Ap"po*site*ly, adv.
 -- Ap"po*site*ness, n.

APPOSITION
Ap`po*si"tion, n. Etym: [L. appositio, fr. apponere: cf. F.
apposition. See Apposite.]

1. The act of adding; application; accretion.
It grows . . . by the apposition of new matter. Arbuthnot.

2. The putting of things in juxtaposition, or side by side; also, the
condition of being so placed.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: The state of two nouns or pronouns, put in the same case,
without a connecting word between them; as, I admire Cicero, the
orator. Here, the second noun explains or characterizes the first.
Growth by apposition (Physiol.), a mode of growth characteristic of
non vascular tissues, in which nutritive matter from the blood is
transformed on the surface of an organ into solid unorganized
substance.

APPOSITIONAL
Ap`po*si"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to apposition; put in apposition syntactically.
Ellicott.

APPOSITIVE
Ap*pos"i*tive, a.

Defn: Of or relating to apposition; in apposition.
 -- n.

Defn: A noun in apposition.
 -- Ap*pos"i*tive*ly, adv.
Appositive to the words going immediately before. Knatchbull.

APPRAISABLE
Ap*prais"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being appraised.

APPRAISAL
Ap*prais"al, n. Etym: [See Appraise. Cf. Apprizal.]

Defn: A valuation by an authorized person; an appraisement.

APPRAISE
Ap*praise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appraised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Appraising.] Etym: [Pref. ad- + praise. See Praise, Price, Apprize,
Appreciate.]

1. To set a value; to estimate the worth of, particularly by persons
appointed for the purpose; as, to appraise goods and chattels.

2. To estimate; to conjecture.
Enoch . . . appraised his weight. Tennyson.

3. To praise; to commend. [Obs.] R. Browning.
Appraised the Lycian custom. Tennyson.

Note: In the United States, this word is often pronounced, and
sometimes written, apprize.

APPRAISEMENT
Ap*praise"ment, n. Etym: [See Appraise. Cf. Apprizement.]

Defn: The act of setting the value; valuation by an appraiser;
estimation of worth.

APPRAISER
Ap*prais"er, n. Etym: [See Appraise, Apprizer.]

Defn: One who appraises; esp., a person appointed and sworn to
estimate and fix the value of goods or estates.

APPRECATION
Ap`pre*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. apprecari to pray to; ad + precari to
pray, prex, precis, prayer.]

Defn: Earnest prayer; devout wish. [Obs.]
A solemn apprecation of good success. Bp. Hall.

APPRECATORY
Ap"pre*ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Praying or wishing good. [Obs.]"Apprecatory benedictions." Bp.
Hall.

APPRECIABLE
Ap*pre"ci*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. appréciable.]

Defn: Capable of being appreciated or estimated; large enough to be
estimated; perceptible; as, an appreciable quantity.
 -- Ap*pre"ci*a*bly, adv.

APPRECIANT
Ap*pre"ci*ant, a.

Defn: Appreciative. [R.]

APPRECIATE
Ap*pre"ci*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appreciated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Appreciating.] Etym: [L. appretiatus, p. p. of appretiare to value at
a price, appraise; ad + pretiare to prize, pretium price. Cf.
Appraise.]

1. To set a price or value on; to estimate justly; to value.
To appreciate the motives of their enemies. Gibbon.

3. To raise the value of; to increase the market price of; -- opposed
to depreciate. [U.S.]
Lest a sudden peace should appreciate the money. Ramsay.

4. To be sensible of; to distinguish.
To test the power of bappreciate color. Lubbock.

Syn.
 -- To Appreciate, Estimate, Esteem. Estimate is an act of judgment;
esteem is an act of valuing or prizing, and when applied to
individuals, denotes a sentiment of moral approbation. See Estimate.
Appreciate lies between the two. As compared with estimate, it
supposes a union of sensibility with judgment, producing a nice and
delicate perception. As compared with esteem, it denotes a valuation
of things according to their appropriate and distinctive excellence,
and not simply their moral worth. Thus, with reference to the former
of these (delicate perception), an able writer says. "Women have a
truer appreciation of character than men;" and another remarks, "It
is difficult to appreciate the true force and distinctive sense of
terms which we are every day using." So, also, we speak of the
difference between two things, as sometimes hardly appreciable. With
reference to the latter of these (that of valuation as the result of
a nice perception), we say, "It requires a peculiar cast of character
to appreciate the poetry of Wordsworth;" "He who has no delicacy
himself, can not appreciate it in others;" "The thought of death is
salutary, because it leads us to appreciate worldly things aright."
Appreciate is much used in cases where something is in danger of
being overlooked or undervalued; as when we speak of appreciating the
difficulties of a subject, or the risk of an undertaking. So Lord
Plunket, referring to an "ominous silence" which prevailed among the
Irish peasantry, says, "If you knew now to appreciate that silence,
it is more formidable than the most clamorous opposition." In like
manner, a person who asks some favor of another is apt to say, "I
trust you will appreciate my motives in this request." Here we have
the key to a very frequent use of the word. It is hardly necessary to
say that appreciate looks on the favorable side of things. we never
speak of appreciating a man's faults, but his merits. This idea of
regarding things favorably appears more fully in the word
appreciative; as when we speak of an appreciative audience, or an
appreciative review, meaning one that manifests a quick perception
and a ready valuation of excellence.

APPRECIATE
Ap*pre"ci*ate, v. i.

Defn: To rise in value. [See note under Rise, v. i.] J. Morse.

APPRECIATINGLY
Ap*pre"ci*a`ting*ly, adv.

Defn: In an appreciating manner; with appreciation.

APPRECIATION
Ap*pre`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. appréciation.]

1. A just valuation or estimate of merit, worth, weight, etc.;
recognition of excellence.

2. Accurate perception; true estimation; as, an appreciation of the
difficulties before us; an appreciation of colors.
His foreboding showed his appreciation of Henry's character. J. R.
Green.

3. A rise in value; -- opposed to depreciation.

APPRECIATIVE
Ap*pre"ci*a*tive, a.

Defn: Having or showing a just or ready appreciation or perception;
as, an appreciative audience.
 -- Ap*pre"ci*a*tive*ly, adv.

APPRECIATIVENESS
Ap*pre"ci*a*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being appreciative; quick recognition of
excellence.

APPRECIATOR
Ap*pre"ci*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who appreciates.

APPRECIATORY
Ap*pre"ci*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Showing appreciation; appreciative; as, appreciatory
commendation.
 -- Ap*pre"ci*a*to*ri*ly, adv.

APPREHEND
Ap`pre*hend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apprehended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Apprehending.] Etym: [L. apprehendere; ad + prehendere to lay hold
of, seize; prae before + -hendere (used only in comp.); akin to Gr.
get: cf. F. appréhender. See Prehensile, Get.]

1. To take or seize; to take hold of. [Archaic]
We have two hands to apprehended it. Jer. Taylor.

2. Hence: To take or seize (a person) by legal process; to arrest;
as, to apprehend a criminal.

3. To take hold of with the understanding, that is, to conceive in
the mind; to become cognizant of; to understand; to recognize; to
consider.
This suspicion of Earl Reimund, though at first but a buzz, soon got
a sting in the king's head, and he violently apprehended it. Fuller.
The eternal laws, such as the heroic age apprehended them. Gladstone.

4. To know or learn with certainty. [Obs.]
G. You are too much distrustful of my truth. E. Then you must give me
leave to apprehend The means and manner how. Beau. & Fl.

5. To anticipate; esp., to anticipate with anxiety, dread, or fear;
to fear.
The opposition had more reason than the king to apprehend violence.
Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- To catch; seize; arrest; detain; capture; conceive; understand;
imagine; believe; fear; dread.
 -- To Apprehend, Comprehend. These words come into comparison as
describing acts of the mind. Apprehend denotes the laying hold of a
thing mentally, so as to understand it clearly, at least in part.
Comprehend denotes the embracing or understanding it in all its
compass and extent. We may apprehended many truths which we do not
comprehend. The very idea of God supposes that he may be apprehended,
though not comprehended, by rational beings. "We may apprehended much
of Shakespeare's aim and intention in the character of Hamlet or King
Lear; but few will claim that they have comprehended all that is
embraced in these characters." Trench.

APPREHEND
Ap`pre*hend", v. i.

1. To think, believe, or be of opinion; to understand; to suppose.

2. To be apprehensive; to fear.
It is worse to apprehend than to suffer. Rowe.

APPREHENDER
Ap`pre*hend"er, n.

Defn: One who apprehends.

APPREHENSIBIITY
Ap`pre*hen`si*bi"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being apprehensible. [R.] De Quincey.

APPREHENSIBLE
Ap`pre*hen"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. apprehensibilis. See Apprehend.]

Defn: Capable of being apprehended or conceived. "Apprehensible by
faith." Bp. Hall.
 -- Ap`*pre*hen"si*bly, adv.

APPREHENSION
Ap`pre*hen"sion, n. Etym: [L. apprehensio: cf. F. appréhension. See
Apprehend.]

1. The act of seizing or taking hold of; seizure; as, the hand is an
organ of apprehension. Sir T. Browne.

2. The act of seizing or taking by legal process; arrest; as, the
felon, after his apprehension, escaped.

3. The act of grasping with the intellect; the contemplation of
things, without affirming, denying, or passing any judgment;
intellection; perception.
Simple apprehension denotes no more than the soul's naked
intellection of an object. Glanvill.

4. Opinion; conception; sentiment; idea.

Note: In this sense, the word often denotes a belief, founded on
sufficient evidence to give preponderation to the mind, but
insufficient to induce certainty; as, in our apprehension, the facts
prove the issue.
To false, and to be thought false, is all one in respect of men, who
act not according to truth, but apprehension. South.

5. The faculty by which ideas are conceived; understanding; as, a man
of dull apprehension.

6. Anticipation, mostly of things unfavorable; distrust or fear at
the prospect of future evil.
After the death of his nephew Caligula, Claudius was in no small
apprehension for his own life. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Apprehension, Alarm. Apprehension springs from a sense of danger
when somewhat remote, but approaching; alarm arises from danger when
announced as near at hand. Apprehension is calmer and more permanent;
alarm is more agitating and transient.

APPREHENSIVE
Ap`pre*hen"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. appréhensif. See Apprehend.]

1. Capable of apprehending, or quick to do so; apt; discerning.
It may be pardonable to imagine that a friend, a kind and
apprehensive . . . friend, is listening to our talk. Hawthorne.

2. Knowing; conscious; cognizant. [R.]
A man that has spent his younger years in vanity and folly, and is,
by the grace of God, apprehensive of it. Jer. Taylor.

3. Relating to the faculty of apprehension.
Judgment . . . is implied in every apprehensive act. Sir W. Hamilton.

4. Anticipative of something unfavorable' fearful of what may be
coming; in dread of possible harm; in expectation of evil.
Not at all apprehensive of evils as a distance. Tillotson.
Reformers . . . apprehensive for their lives. Gladstone.

5. Sensible; feeling; perceptive. [R.]
Thoughts, my tormentors, armed with deadly stings, Mangle my
apprehensive, tenderest parts. Milton.

APPREHENSIVELY
Ap`pre*hen"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an apprehensive manner; with apprehension of danger.

APPREHENSIVENESS
Ap`pre*hen"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being apprehensive.

APPRENTICE
Ap*pren"tice, n. Etym: [OE. apprentice, prentice, OF. aprentis, nom.
of aprentif, fr. apprendare to learn, L. apprendere, equiv. to
apprehendere, to take hold of (by the mind), to comprehend. See
Apprehend, Prentice.]

1. One who is bound by indentures or by legal agreement to serve a
mechanic, or other person, for a certain time, with a view to learn
the art, or trade, in which his master is bound to instruct him.

2. One not well versed in a subject; a tyro.

3. (Old law)

Defn: A barrister, considered a learner of law till of sixteen years'
standing, when he might be called to the rank of serjeant. [Obs.]
Blackstone.

APPRENTICE
Ap*pren"tice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apprenticed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Apprenticing.]

Defn: To bind to, or put under the care of, a master, for the purpose
of instruction in a trade or business.

APPRENTICEAGE
Ap*pren"tice*age, n. Etym: [F. apprentissage.]

Defn: Apprenticeship. [Obs.]

APPRENTICEHOOD
Ap*pren"tice*hood, n.

Defn: Apprenticeship. [Obs.]

APPRENTICESHIP
Ap*pren"tice*ship, n.

1. The service or condition of an apprentice; the state in which a
person is gaining instruction in a trade or art, under legal
agreement.

2. The time an apprentice is serving (sometimes seven years, as from
the age of fourteen to twenty-one).

APPRESSED; APPREST
Ap*pressed", Ap*prest", a. Etym: [p. p. appress, which is not in use.
See Adpress.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pressed close to, or lying against, something for its whole
length, as against a stem, Gray.

APPRISE
Ap*prise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apprised; p. pr. & vb. n. Apprising.]
Etym: [F. appris, fem. apprise, p. p. apprendre to learn, to teach,
to inform. Cf. Apprehend, Apprentice.]

Defn: To give notice, verbal or written; to inform; -- followed by
of; as, we will apprise the general of an intended attack; he
apprised the commander of what he had done.

APPRISE
Ap*prise", n.

Defn: Notice; information. [Obs.] Gower.

APPRIZAL
Ap*priz"al, n.

Defn: See Appraisal.

APPRIZE
Ap*prize", v. t. Etym: [The same as Appraise, only more accommodated
to the English form of the L. pretiare.]

Defn: To appraise; to value; to appreciate.

APPRIZEMENT
Ap*prize"ment, n.

Defn: Appraisement.

APPRIZER
Ap*priz"er, n.

1. An appraiser.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: A creditor for whom an appraisal is made. Sir W. Scott.

APPROACH
Ap*proach", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Approached; p. pr. & vb. n.
Approaching.] Etym: [OE. approchen, aprochen, OF. approcher, LL.
appropriare, fr. L. ad + propiare to draw near, prope near.]

1. To come or go near, in place or time; to draw nigh; to advance
nearer.
Wherefore approached ye so nigh unto the city 2 Sam. xi. 20.
But exhorting one another; and so much the more, as ye see the day
approaching. Heb. x. 25.

2. To draw near, in a figurative sense; to make advances; to
approximate; as, he approaches to the character of the ablest
statesman.

APPROACH
Ap*proach", v. t.

1. To bring near; to cause to draw near; to advance. [Archaic] Boyle.

2. To come near to in place, time, or character; to draw nearer to;
as, to approach the city; to approach my cabin; he approached the age
of manhood.
He was an admirable poet, and thought even to have approached Homer.
Temple.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: To take approaches to.

APPROACH
Ap*proach", n. Etym: [Cf. F. approche. See Approach, v. i.]

1. The act of drawing near; a coming or advancing near. "The approach
of summer." Horsley.
A nearer approach to the human type. Owen.

2. A access, or opportunity of drawing near.
The approach to kings and principal persons. Bacon.

3. pl.

Defn: Movements to gain favor; advances.

4. A way, passage, or avenue by which a place or buildings can be
approached; an access. Macaulay.

5. pl. (Fort.)

Defn: The advanced works, trenches, or covered roads made by
besiegers in their advances toward a fortress or military post.

6. (Hort.)

Defn: See Approaching.

APPROACHABILITY
Ap*proach`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being approachable; approachableness.

APPROACHABLE
Ap*proach"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being approached; accessible; as, approachable
virtue.

APPROACHABLENESS
Ap*proach"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being approachable; accessibility.

APPROACHER
Ap*proach"er, n.

Defn: One who approaches.

APPROACHING
Ap*proach"ing, n. (Hort.)

Defn: The act of ingrafting a sprig or shoot of one tree into
another, without cutting it from the parent stock; -- called, also,
inarching and grafting by approach.

APPROACHLESS
Ap*proach"less, a.

Defn: Impossible to be approached.

APPROACHMENT
Ap*proach"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. approachement.]

Defn: Approach. [Archaic] Holland.

APPROBATE
Ap"pro*bate, a. Etym: [L. approbatus, p. p. of approbare to approve.]

Defn: Approved. [Obs.] Elyot.

APPROBATE
Ap"pro*bate, v. t.

Defn: To express approbation of; to approve; to sanction officially.
I approbate the one, I reprobate the other. Sir W. Hamilton.

Note: This word is obsolete in England, but is occasionally heard in
the United States, chiefly in a technical sense for license; as, a
person is approbated to preach; approbated to keep a public house.
Pickering (1816).

APPROBATION
Ap`pro*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. approbatio: cf. F. approbation. See
Approve to prove.]

1. Proof; attestation. [Obs.] Shak.

2. The act of approving; an assenting to the propriety of a thing
with some degree of pleasure or satisfaction; approval; sanction;
commendation.
Many . . . joined in a loud hum of approbation. Macaulay.
The silent approbation of one's own breast. Melmoth.
Animals . . . love approbation or praise. Darwin.

3. Probation or novitiate. [Obs.]
This day my sister should the cloister enter, And there receive her
approbation. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Approval; liking; sanction; consent; concurrence.
 -- Approbation, Approval. Approbation and approval have the same
general meaning, assenting to or declaring as good, sanction,
commendation; but approbation is stronger and more positive. "We may
be anxious for the approbation of our friends; but we should be still
more anxious for the approval of our own consciences." "He who is
desirous to obtain universal approbation will learn a good lesson
from the fable of the old man and his ass." "The work has been
examined by several excellent judges, who have expressed their
unqualified approval of its plan and execution."

APPROBATIVE
Ap"pro*ba*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. approbatif.]

Defn: Approving, or implying approbation. Milner.

APPROBATIVENESS
Ap"pro*ba*tive*ness, n.

1. The quality of being approbative.

2. (Phren.)

Defn: Love of approbation.

APPROBATOR
Ap"pro*ba`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who approves. [R.]

APPROBATORY
Ap"pro*ba`to*ry, a.

Defn: Containing or expressing approbation; commendatory. Sheldon.

APPROMT
Ap*promt", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ad- + promt.]

Defn: To quicken; to prompt. [Obs.]
To appromt our invention. Bacon.

APPROOF
Ap*proof", n. Etym: [See Approve, and Proof.]

1. Trial; proof. [Archaic] Shak.

2. Approval; commendation. Shak.

APPROPINQUATE
Ap`pro*pin"quate, v. i. Etym: [L. appropinquatus, p. p. of
appropinquare; ad + prope near.]

Defn: To approach. [Archaic] Ld. Lytton.

APPROPINQUATION
Ap`pro*pin*qua"tion, n. Etym: [L. appropinquatio.]

Defn: A drawing nigh; approach. [R.] Bp. Hall.

APPROPINQUITY
Ap`pro*pin"qui*ty, n. Etym: [Pref. ad- + propinquity.]

Defn: Nearness; propinquity. [R.] J. Gregory.

APPROPRE
Ap*pro"pre, v. t. Etym: [OE. appropren, apropren, OF. approprier, fr.
L. appropriare. See Appropriate.]

Defn: To appropriate. [Obs.] Fuller.

APPROPRIABLE
Ap*pro"pri*a*ble, a. Etym: [See Appropriate.]

Defn: Capable of being appropriated, set apart, sequestered, or
assigned exclusively to a particular use. Sir T. Browne.

APPROPRIAMENT
Ap*pro"pri*a*ment, n.

Defn: What is peculiarly one's own; peculiar qualification.[Obs.]
If you can neglect Your own appropriaments. Ford.

APPROPRIATE
Ap*pro"pri*ate, a. Etym: [L. appropriatus, p. p. of appropriare; ad +
propriare to appropriate, fr. proprius one's own, proper. See
Proper.]

Defn: Set apart for a particular use or person. Hence: Belonging
peculiarly; peculiar; suitable; fit; proper.
In its strict and appropriate meaning. Porteus.
Appropriate acts of divine worship. Stillingfleet.
It is not at all times easy to find words appropriate to express our
ideas. Locke.

APPROPRIATE
Ap*pro"pri*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appropriated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Appropriating.]

1. To take to one's self in exclusion of others; to claim or use as
by an exclusive right; as, let no man appropriate the use of a common
benefit.

2. To set apart for, or assign to, a particular person or use, in
exclusion of all others; -- with to or for; as, a spot of ground is
appropriated for a garden; to appropriate money for the increase of
the navy.

3. To make suitable; to suit. [Archaic] Paley.

4. (Eng. Eccl. Law)

Defn: To annex, as a benefice, to a spiritual corporation, as its
property. Blackstone.

APPROPRIATE
Ap*pro"pri*ate, n.

Defn: A property; attribute. [Obs.]

APPROPRIATELY
Ap*pro"pri*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: In an appropriate or proper manner; fitly; properly.

APPROPRIATENESS
Ap*pro"pri*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being appropriate; peculiar fitness.
Froude.

APPROPRIATION
Ap*pro`pri*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. appropriatio: cf. F. appropriation.]

1. The act of setting apart or assigning to a particular use or
person, or of taking to one's self, in exclusion of all others;
application to a special use or purpose, as of a piece of ground for
a park, or of money to carry out some object.

2. Anything, especially money, thus set apart.
The Commons watched carefully over the appropriation. Macaulay.

3. (Law)
(a) The severing or sequestering of a benefice to the perpetual use
of a spiritual corporation. Blackstone.
(b) The application of payment of money by a debtor to his creditor,
to one of several debts which are due from the former to the latter.
Chitty.

APPROPRIATIVE
Ap*pro"pri*a*tive, a.

Defn: Appropriating; making, or tending to, appropriation; as, an
appropriative act.
 -- Ap*pro"pri*a*tive*ness, n.

APPROPRIATOR
Ap*pro"pri*a`tor, n.

1. One who appropriates.

2. (Law)

Defn: A spiritual corporation possessed of an appropriated benefice;
also, an impropriator.

APPROVABLE
Ap*prov"a*ble, a.

Defn: Worthy of being approved; meritorious.
 -- Ap*prov"a*ble*ness, n.

APPROVAL
Ap*prov"al, n.

Defn: Approbation; sanction.
A censor . . . without whose approval nTemple.

Syn.
 -- See Approbation.

APPROVANCE
Ap*prov"ance, n.

Defn: Approval. [Archaic] Thomson.

APPROVE
Ap*prove", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Approved; p. pr. & vb. n. Approving.]
Etym: [OE. aproven, appreven, to prove, OF. aprover, F. approuver, to
approve, fr. L. approbare; ad + probare to esteem as good, approve,
prove. See Prove, and cf. Approbate.]

1. To show to be real or true; to prove. [Obs.]
Wouldst thou approve thy constancy Approve First thy obedience.
Milton.

2. To make proof of; to demonstrate; to prove or show practically.
Opportunities to approve . . . worth. Emerson.
He had approved himself a great warrior. Macaulay.
'T is an old lesson; Time approves it true. Byron.
His account . . . approves him a man of thought. Parkman.

3. To sanction officially; to ratify; to confirm; as, to approve the
decision of a court-martial.

4. To regard as good; to commend; to be pleased with; to think well
of; as, we approve the measured of the administration.

5. To make or show to be worthy of approbation or acceptance.
The first care and concern must be to approve himself to God. Rog

Note: This word, when it signifies to be pleased with, to think
favorably (of), is often followed by of.
They had not approved of the deposition of James. Macaulay.
They approved of the political institutions. W. Black.

APPROVE
Ap*prove", v. t. Etym: [OF. aprouer; (L. ad) + a form apparently
derived fr. the pro, prod, in L. prodest it is useful or profitable,
properly the preposition pro for. Cf. Improve.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: To make profit of; to convert to one's own profit; said esp. of
waste or common land appropriated by the lord of the manor.

APPROVEDLY
Ap*prov"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to secure approbation; in an approved manner.

APPROVEMENT
Ap*prove"ment, n. [Obs.]

1. Approbation.
I did nothing without your approvement. Hayward.

2. (Eng. Law)

Defn: a confession of guilt by a prisoner charged with treason or
felony, together with an accusation of his accomplish and a giving
evidence against them in order to obtain his own pardon. The term is
no longer in use; it corresponded to what is now known as turning
king's (or queen's) evidence in England, and state's evidence in the
United States. Burrill. Bouvier.

APPROVEMENT
Ap*prove"ment, n. (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and converting them
to the uses of husbandry for the advantage of the lord of the manor.
Blackstone.

APPROVER
Ap*prov"er, n.

1. One who approves. Formerly, one who made proof or trial.

2. An informer; an accuser. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. (Eng. Law)

Defn: One who confesses a crime and accuses another. See 1st
Approvement, 2.

APPROVER
Ap*prov"er, n. Etym: [See 2d Approve, v. t.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: A bailiff or steward; an agent. [Obs.] Jacobs.

APPROVING
Ap*prov"ing, a.

Defn: Expressing approbation; commending; as, an approving smile.
 -- Ap*prov"ing*ly, adv.

APPROXIMATE
Ap*prox"i*mate, a. Etym: [L. approximatus, p. p. of approximare to
approach; ad + proximare to come near. See Proximate.]

1. Approaching; proximate; nearly resembling.

2. Near correctness; nearly exact; not perfectly accurate; as,
approximate results or values. Approximate quantities (Math.), those
which are nearly, but not, equal.

APPROXIMATE
Ap*prox"i*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Approximated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Approximating.]

1. To carry or advance near; to cause to approach.
To approximate the inequality of riches to the level of nature.
Burke.

2. To come near to; to approach.
The telescope approximates perfection. J. Morse.

APPROXIMATE
Ap*prox"i*mate, v. i.

Defn: To draw; to approach.

APPROXIMATELY
Ap*prox"i*mate*ly, adv.

Defn: With approximation; so as to approximate; nearly.

APPROXIMATION
Ap*prox`i*ma"tion. n. Etym: [Cf. F. approximation, LL. approximatio.]

1. The act of approximating; a drawing, advancing or being near;
approach; also, the result of approximating.
The largest capacity and the most noble dispositions are but an
approximation to the proper standard and true symmetry of human
nature. I. Taylor.

2. An approach to a correct estimate, calculation, or conception, or
to a given quantity, quality, etc.

3. (Math.)
(a) A continual approach or coming nearer to a result; as, to solve
an equation by approximation.
(b) A value that is nearly but not exactly correct.

APPROXIMATIVE
Ap*prox"i*ma*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. approximatif.]

Defn: Approaching; approximate.
 -- Ap*prox"i*ma*tive*ly, adv.
 -- Ap*prox"i*ma*tive*ness, n.

APPROXIMATOR
Ap*prox"i*ma`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, approximates.

APPUI
Ap`pui", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. ad + podium foothold, Gr.

Defn: A support or supporter; a stay; a prop. [Obs.]
If a be to climb trees that are of any great height, there would be
stays and appuies set to it. Holland.
Point d'appui. Etym: [F., a point of support.] (Mil.) (a) A given
point or body, upon which troops are formed, or by which are marched
in line or column. (b) An advantageous defensive support, as a
castle, morass, wood, declivity, etc.

APPULSE
Ap"pulse, n. Etym: [L. appulsus, fr. appellere, appulsum, to drive
to; ad + pellere to drive: cf. F. appulse.]

1. A driving or running towards; approach; impulse; also, the act of
striking against.
In all consonants there is an appulse of the organs. Holder.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The near approach of one heavenly body to another, or to the
meridian; a coming into conjunction; as, the appulse of the moon to a
star, or of a star to the meridian.

APPULSION
Ap*pul"sion, n.

Defn: A driving or striking against; an appulse.

APPULSIVE
Ap*pul"sive, a.

Defn: Striking against; impinging; as, the appulsive influence of the
planets. P. Cyc.

APPULSIVELY
Ap*pul"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: By appulsion.

APPURTENANCE
Ap*pur"te*nance, n. Etym: [OF. apurtenaunce, apartenance, F.
appartenance, LL. appartenentia, from L. appertinere. See Appertain.]

Defn: That which belongs to something else; an adjunct; an appendage;
an accessory; something annexed to another thing more worthy; in
common parlance and legal acceptation, something belonging to another
thing as principal, and which passes as incident to it, as a right of
way, or other easement to land; a right of common to pasture, an
outhouse, barn, garden, or orchard, to a house or messuage. In a
strict legal sense, land can never pass as an appurtenance to land.
Tomlins. Bouvier. Burrill.
Globes . . . provided as appurtenances to astronomy. Bacon.
The structure of the eye, and of its appurtenances. Reid.

APPURTENANT
Ap*pur"te*nant, a. Etym: [F. appartenant, p. pr. of appartenir. See
Appurtenance.]

Defn: Annexed or pertaining to some more important thing; accessory;
incident; as, a right of way appurtenant to land or buildings.
Blackstone. Common appurtenatn. (Law) See under Common, n.

APPURTENANT
Ap*pur"te*nant, n,

Defn: Something which belongs or appertains to another thing; an
appurtenance.
Mysterious appurtenants and symbols of redemption. Coleridge.

APRICATE
Ap"ri*cate, v. t. & i. Etym: [L. apricatus, p. p. of apricare, fr.
apricus exposed to the sun, fr. aperire to uncover, open.]

Defn: To bask in the sun. Boyle.

APRICATION
Ap`ri*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Basking in the sun. [R.]

APRICOT
A"pri*cot, n. Etym: [OE. apricock, abricot, F. abricot, fr. Sp.
albaricoque or Pg. albricoque, fr. Ar. albirq, al-burq. Though the E.
and F. form abricot is derived from the Arabic through the Spanish,
yet the Arabic word itself was formed from the Gr. praecoquus,
praecox, early ripe. The older E. form apricock was prob. taken
direct from Pg. See Precocious, Cook.] (Bot.)

Defn: A fruit allied to the plum, of an orange color, oval shape, and
delicious taste; also, the tree (Prunus Armeniaca of Linnæus) which
bears this fruit. By cultivation it has been introduced throughout
the temperate zone.

APRIL
A"pril, n. Etym: [L. Aprilis. OE. also Averil, F. Avril, fr. L.
Aprilis.]

1. The fourth month of the year.

2. Fig.: With reference to April being the month in which vegetation
begins to put forth, the variableness of its weather, etc.
The April's her eyes; it is love's spring. Shak.
April fool, one who is sportively imposed upon by others on the first
day of April.

A PRIORI
A` pri*o"ri. Etym: [L. a (ab) + prior former.]

1. (Logic)

Defn: Characterizing that kind of reasoning which deduces
consequences from definitions formed, or principles assumed, or which
infers effects from causes previously known; deductive or
deductively. The reverse of a posteriori.

3. (Philos.)

Defn: Applied to knowledge and conceptions assumed, or presupposed,
as prior to experience, in order to make experience rational or
possible.
A priori, that is, form these necessities of the mind or forms of
thinking, which, though first revealed to us by experience, must yet
have preëxisted in order to make experience possible. Coleridge.

APRIORISM
A`pri*o"rism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. apriorisme.]

Defn: An a priori principle.

APRIORITY
A`pri*or"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being innate in the mind, or prior to
experience; a priori reasoning.

APROCTA
A*proc"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Turbellaria in which there is no anal aperture.

APROCTOUS
A*proc"tous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without an anal office.

APRON
A"pron, n. Etym: [OE. napron, OF. naperon, F. napperon, dim. of OF.
nape, F. nappe, cloth, tablecloth, LL. napa, fr. L. mappa, napkin,
table napkin. See Map.]

1. An article of dress, of cloth, leather, or other stuff, worn on
the fore part of the body, to keep the clothes clean, to defend them
from injury, or as a covering. It is commonly tied at the waist by
strings.

2. Something which by its shape or use suggests an apron; as, (a) The
fat skin covering the belly of a goose or duck. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
(b) A piece of leather, or other material, to be spread before a
person riding on an outside seat of a vehicle, to defend him from the
rain, snow, or dust; a boot. "The weather being too hot for the
apron." Hughes.
(c) (Gun.) A leaden plate that covers the vent of a cannon.
(d) (Shipbuilding) A piece of carved timber, just above the foremost
end of the keel. Totten.
(e) A platform, or flooring of plank, at the entrance of a dock,
against which the dock gates are shut.
(f) A flooring of plank before a dam to cause the water to make a
gradual descent.
(g) (Mech.) The piece that holds the cutting tool of a planer.
(h) (Plumbing) A strip of lead which leads the drip of a wall into a
gutter; a flashing.
(i) (Zoöl.) The infolded abdomen of a crab.

APRONED
A"proned, a.

Defn: Wearing an apron.
A cobbler aproned, and a parson gowned. Pope.

APRONFUL
A"pron*ful, n.; pl. Apronfuls.

Defn: The quality an apron can hold.

APRONLESS
A"pron*less, a.

Defn: Without an apron.

APRON MAN
A"pron man`.

Defn: A man who wears an apron; a laboring man; a mechanic. [Obs.]
Shak.

APRON STRING
A"pron string`.

Defn: The string of an apron. To be tied to a wife's or mother's
apron strings, to be unduly controlled by a wife or mother.
He was so made that he could not submit to be tied to the apron
strings even of the best of wives. Macaulay.

APROPOS
Ap"ro*pos`, a. & adv. Etym: [F. ad) + propos purpose, L. proposium
plan, purpose, fr. proponere to propose. See Propound.]

1. Opportunely or opportune; seasonably or seasonable.
A tale extremely apropos. Pope.

2. By the way; to the purpose; suitably to the place or subject; -- a
word used to introduce an incidental observation, suited to the
occasion, though not strictly belonging to the narration.

APSE
Apse, n.; pl. Apses. [See Apsis.]

1. (Arch.)
(a) A projecting part of a building, esp. of a church, having in the
plan a polygonal or semicircular termination, and, most often,
projecting from the east end. In early churches the Eastern apse was
occupied by seats for the bishop and clergy. Hence:
(b) The bishop's seat or throne, in ancient churches.

2. A reliquary, or case in which the relics of saints were kept.

Note: This word is also written apsis and absis.

APSIDAL
Ap"si*dal, a.

1. (Astron.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the apsides of an orbit.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the apse of a church; as, the apsidal
termination of the chancel.

APSIDES
Ap"si*des, n. pl.

Defn: See Apsis.

APSIS
Ap"sis, n.; pl. Apsides. See Apse. Etym: [L. apsis, absis, Gr.

1. (Astron.)

Defn: One of the two points of an orbit, as of a planet or satellite,
which are at the greatest and least distance from the central body,
corresponding to the aphelion and perihelion of a planet, or to the
apogee and perigee of the moon. The more distant is called the higher
apsis; the other, the lower apsis; and the line joining them, the
line of apsides.

2. (Math.)

Defn: In a curve referred to polar coördinates, any point for which
the radius vector is a maximum or minimum.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Apse.

APT
Apt, a Etym: [F. apte, L. aptus, fr. obsolete apere to fasten, to
join, to fit, akin to apisci to reach, attain: cf. Gr. apta fit, fr.
ap to reach attain.]

1. Fit or fitted; suited; suitable; appropriate.
They have always apt instruments. Burke.
A river . . . apt to be forded by a lamb. Jer. Taylor.

2. Having an habitual tendency; habitually liable or likely; -- used
of things.
My vines and peaches . . . were apt to have a soot or smuttiness upon
their leaves and fruit. Temple.
This tree, if unprotected, is apt to be stripped of the leaves by a
leaf-cutting ant. Lubbock.

3. Inclined; disposed customarily; given; ready; -- used of persons.
Apter to give than thou wit be to ask. Beau. & Fl.
That lofty pity with which prosperous folk are apt to remember their
grandfathers. F. Harrison.

4. Ready; especially fitted or qualified (to do something); quick to
learn; prompt; expert; as, a pupil apt to learn; an apt scholar. "An
apt wit." Johnson.
Live a thousand years, I shall not find myself so apt to die. Shak.
I find thee apt . . . Now, Hamlet, hear. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Fit; meet; suitable; qualified; inclined; disposed; liable;
ready; quick; prompt.

APT
Apt, v. t. Etym: [L. aptare. See Aptate.]

Defn: To fit; to suit; to adapt. [Obs.] " To apt their places." B.
Jonson.
That our speech be apted to edification. Jer. Taylor.

APTABLE
Apt"a*ble, a. Etym: [LL. aptabilis, fr. L. aptare.]

Defn: Capable of being adapted. [Obs.] Sherwood.

APTATE
Ap"tate, v. t. Etym: [L. aptatus, p. p. of aptare. See Apt.]

Defn: To make fit. [Obs.] Bailey

APTERA
Ap"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. aptera, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Insects without wings, constituting the seventh Linnæn order of
insects, an artificial group, which included Crustacea, spiders,
centipeds, and even worms. These animals are now placed in several
distinct classes and orders.

APTERAL
Ap"ter*al, a.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Apterous.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Without lateral columns; -- applied to buildings which have no
series of columns along their sides, but are either prostyle or
amphiprostyle, and opposed to peripteral. R. Cyc.

APTERAN
Ap"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Aptera.

APTERIA
Ap*te"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Aptera.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Naked spaces between the feathered areas of birds. See
Pteryliæ.

APTEROUS
Ap"ter*ous, a.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Destitute of wings; apteral; as, apterous insects.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of winglike membranous expansions, as a stem or
petiole; -- opposed to atate.

APTERYGES
Ap*ter"y*ges, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Apteryx.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of birds, including the genus Apteryx.

APTERYX
Ap"te*ryx, n. Etym: [Gr. Aptera.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of New Zealand birds about the size of a hen, with only
short rudiments of wings, armed with a claw and without a tail; the
kiwi. It is allied to the gigantic extinct moas of the same country.
Five species are known.

APTITUDE
Apt"i*tude, n. Etym: [F. aptitude, LL. aptitudo, fr. L. aptus. See
Apt, and cf. Attitude.]

1. A natural or acquired disposition or capacity for a particular
purpose, or tendency to a particular action or effect; as, oil has an
aptitude to burn.
He seems to have had a peculiar aptitude for the management of
irregular troops. Macaulay.

2. A general fitness or suitableness; adaptation.
That sociable and helpful aptitude which God implanted between man
and woman. Milton.

3. Readiness in learning; docility; aptness.
He was a boy of remarkable aptitude. Macaulay.

APTITUDINAL
Apt`i*tu"di*nal, a.

Defn: Suitable; fit. [Obs.]

APTLY
Apt"ly, adv.

Defn: In an apt or suitable manner; fitly; properly; pertinently;
appropriately; readily.

APTNESS
Apt"ness, n.

1. Fitness; suitableness; appropriateness; as, the aptness of things
to their end.
The aptness of his quotations. J. R. Green.

2. Disposition of the mind; propensity; as, the aptness of men to
follow example.

3. Quickness of apprehension; readiness in learning; docility; as, an
aptness to learn is more observable in some children than in others.

4. Proneness; tendency; as, the aptness of iron to rust.

APTOTE
Ap"tote, n. Etym: [L. aptotum, Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: A noun which has no distinction of cases; an indeclinable noun.

APTOTIC
Ap*tot"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, aptotes; uninflected; as,
aptotic languages.

APTYCHUS
Ap"ty*chus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shelly plate found in the terminal chambers of ammonite
shells. Some authors consider them to be jaws; others, opercula.

APUS
A"pus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Apode, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fresh-water phyllopod crustaceans. See Phyllopod.

APYRETIC
Ap`y*ret"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. a not + pyretic.] (Med.)

Defn: Without fever; -- applied to days when there is an intermission
of fever. Dunglison.

APYREXIA; APYREXY
Ap`y*rex"i*a, Ap`y*rex`y, n. Etym: [NL. apyrexia, fr. Gr. apyrexie.]
(Med.)

Defn: The absence or intermission of fever.

APYREXIAL
Ap`y*rex"i*al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Relating to apyrexy. "Apyrexial period." Brande & C.

APYROUS
Ap"y*rous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Incombustible; capable of sustaining a strong heat without
alteration of form or properties.

AQUA
A"qua, n. Etym: [L. See Ewer.]

Defn: Water; -- a word much used in pharmacy and the old chemistry,
in various signification, determined by the word or words annexed.
Aqua ammoniæ, the aqueous solution of ammonia; liquid ammonia; often
called aqua ammonia.
 -- Aqua marine, or Aqua marina. Same as Aquamarine.
 -- Aqua regia. Etym: [L., royal water] (Chem.), a very corrosive
fuming yellow liquid consisting of nitric and hydrochloric acids. It
has the power of dissolving gold, the "royal" metal.
 -- Aqua Tofana, a fluid containing arsenic, and used for secret
poisoning, made by an Italian woman named Tofana, in the middle of
the 17th century, who is said to have poisoned more than 600 persons.
Francis.
 -- Aqua vitæ Etym: [L., water of life. Cf. Eau de vie, Usquebaugh],
a name given to brandy and some other ardent spirits. Shak.

AQUA FORTIS
A`qua for"tis. Etym: [L., strong water.] (Chem.)

Defn: Nitric acid. [Archaic]

AQUAMARINE
A`qua*ma*rine", n. (Min.)

Defn: A transparent, pale green variety of beryl, used as a gem. See
Beryl.

AQUAPUNCTURE
A`qua*punc"ture, n. Etym: [L. aqua water, + punctura puncture,
pungere, punctum, to, prick.] (Med.)

Defn: The introduction of water subcutaneously for the relief of
pain.

AQUARELLE
Aq`ua*relle", n. Etym: [F., fr. Ital acquerello, fr. acqua water, L.
aqua.]

Defn: A design or painting in thin transparent water colors; also,
the mode of painting in such colors.

AQUARELLIST
Aq`ua*rel"list, n.

Defn: A painter in thin transparent water colors.

AQUARIAL; AQUARIAN
A*qua"ri*al, A*qua"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an aquarium.

AQUARIAN
A*qua"ri*an, n. Etym: [L. (assumed) Aquarianus, fr. aqua: cf. F.
Aquarien. See Aqua.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of Christian in the primitive church who used
water instead of wine in the Lord's Supper.

AQUARIUM
A*qua"ri*um, n.; pl. E. Aquariums, L. Aquaria. Etym: [L. See
Aquarius, Ewer.]

Defn: An artificial pond, or a globe or tank (usually with glass
sides), in which living specimens of aquatic animals or plants are
kept.

AQUARIUS
A*qua"ri*us, n. Etym: [L. aquarius, adj., relating to water, and n.,
a water-carrier, fr. aqua. See Aqua.] (Astron.)
(a) The Water-bearer; the eleventh sign in the zodiac, which the sun
enters about the 20th of January; -- so called from the rains which
prevail at that season in Italy and the East.
(b) A constellation south of Pegasus.

AQUATIC
A*quat"ic, a. Etym: [L. aquaticus: cf. F. aquatique. See Aqua.]

Defn: Pertaining to water growing in water; living in, swimming in,
or frequenting the margins of waters; as, aquatic plants and fowls.

AQUATIC
A*quat`ic, n.

1. An aquatic animal or plant.

2. pl.

Defn: Sports or exercises practiced in or on the water.

AQUATICAL
A*quat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Aquatic. [R.]

AQUATILE
Aq"ua*tile, a. Etym: [L. aquatilis: cf. F. aquatile.]

Defn: Inhabiting the water. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

AQUATINT; AQUATINTA
A"qua*tint, A`qua*tin"ta, n. Etym: [It. acquatinta dyed water; acqua
(L. aqua) water + tinto, fem. tinta, dyed. See Tint.]

Defn: A kind of etching in which spaces are bitten by the use of aqua
fortis, by which an effect is produced resembling a drawing in water
colors or India ink; also, the engraving produced by this method.

AQUEDUCT
Aq"ue*duct, n. Etym: [F. aqueduc, OF. aqueduct (Cotgr.), fr. L.
aquaeductus; aquae, gen. of aqua water + ductus a leading, ducere to
lead. See Aqua, Duke.]

1. A conductor, conduit, or artificial channel for conveying water,
especially one for supplying large cities with water.

Note: The term is also applied to a structure (similar to the ancient
aqueducts), for conveying a canal over a river or hollow; more
properly called an aqueduct bridge.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A canal or passage; as, the aqueduct of Sylvius, a channel
connecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain.

AQUEITY
A*que"i*ty, n.

Defn: Wateriness. [Obs.]

AQUEOUS
A"que*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. aqueux, L. aquosus, fr. aqua. See Aqua,
Aquose.]

1. Partaking of the nature of water, or abounding with it; watery.
The aqueous vapor of the air. Tyndall.

2. Made from, or by means of, water.
An aqueous deposit. Dana.
Aqueous extract, an extract obtained from a vegetable substance by
steeping it in water.
 -- Aqueous humor (Anat.), one the humors of the eye; a limpid fluid,
occupying the space between the crystalline lens and the cornea. (See
Eye.) -- Aqueous rocks (Geol.), those which are deposited from water
and lie in strata, as opposed to volcanic rocks, which are of igneous
origin; -- called also sedimentary rocks.

AQUEOUSNESS
A`que*ous*ness, n.

Defn: Wateriness.

AQUIFEROUS
A*quif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. aqua water + -ferous.]

Defn: Consisting or conveying water or a watery fluid; as, aquiferous
vessels; the aquiferous system.

AQUIFORM
A"qui*form, a. Etym: [L. aqua water + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of water.

AQUILA
Aq"ui*la, n; pl. Aquilæ. Etym: [L., an eagle.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of eagles.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A northern constellation southerly from Lyra and Cygnus and
preceding the Dolphin; the Eagle. Aquila alba Etym: [L., white
eagle], an alchemical name of calomel. Brande & C.

AQUILATED
Aq"ui*la`ted, a. (Her.)

Defn: Adorned with eagles' heads.

AQUILINE
Aq"ui*line, a. Etym: [L. aquilinus, fr. aquila eagle: cf. F. aquilin.
See Eagle. ]

1. Belonging to or like an eagle.

2. Curving; hooked; prominent, like the beak of an eagle; -- applied
particularly to the nose
Terribly arched and aquiline his nose. Cowper.

AQUILON
Aq"ui*lon, n. Etym: [L. aquilo, -lonis: cf. F. aquilon.]

Defn: The north wind. [Obs.] Shak.

AQUIPAROUS
A*quip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. aqua water + parere to bring forth.]
(Med.)

Defn: Secreting water; -- applied to certain glands. Dunglison.

AQUITANIAN
Aq`ui*ta"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Aquitania, now called Gascony.

AQUOSE
A*quose", a. Etym: [L. aquosus watery, fr. aqua. See Aqua, Aqueous.]

Defn: Watery; aqueous. [R.] Bailey.

AQUOSITY
A*quos"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. aquositas.]

Defn: The condition of being wet or watery; wateriness. Huxley.
Very little water or aquosity is found in their belly. Holland.

AR
Ar, conj.

Defn: Ere; before. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ARA
A"ra, n. Etym: [L.] (Astron.)

Defn: The Altar; a southern constellation, south of the tail of the
Scorpion.

ARA
A"ra, n. Etym: [Native Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name of the great blue and yellow macaw (Ara ararauna),
native of South America.

ARAB
Ar"ab, n. Etym: [Prob. ultimately fr. Heb. arabah a desert, the name
employed, in the Old Testament, to denote the valley of the Jordan
and Dead Sea. Ar. Arab, Heb. arabi, arbi, arbim: cf. F. Arabe, L.
Arabs, Gr.

Defn: One of a swarthy race occupying Arabia, and numerous in Syria,
Northern Africa, etc. Street Arab, a homeless vagabond in the streets
of a city, particularly and outcast boy or girl. Tylor.
The ragged outcasts and street Arabs who are shivering in damp
doorways. Lond. Sat. Rev.

ARABA
A*ra"ba, n. [Written also aroba and arba.] [Ar. or Turk. 'arabah: cf.
Russ. arba.]

Defn: A wagon or cart, usually heavy and without springs, and often
covered. [Oriental]

The araba of the Turks has its sides of latticework to admit the air
Balfour (Cyc. of India).

ARABESQUE
Ar`a*besque", n. Etym: [F. arabesque, fr. It. arabesco, fr. Arabo
Arab.]

Defn: A style of ornamentation either painted, inlaid, or carved in
low relief. It consists of a pattern in which plants, fruits,
foliage, etc., as well as figures of men and animals, real or
imaginary, are fantastically interlaced or put together.

Note: It was employed in Roman imperial ornamentation, and appeared,
without the animal figures, in Moorish and Arabic decorative art.
(See Moresque.) The arabesques of the Renaissance were founded on
Greco-Roman work.

ARABESQUE
Ar`a*besque", a.

1. Arabian. [Obs.]

2. Relating to, or exhibiting, the style of ornament called
arabesque; as, arabesque frescoes.

ARABESQUED
Ar`a*besqued", a.

Defn: Ornamented in the style of arabesques.

ARABIAN
A*ra"bi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Arabia or its inhabitants. Arabian bird,
the phenix. Shak.

ARABIAN
A*ra"bi*an, n.

Defn: A native of Arabia; an Arab.

ARABIC
Ar"a*bic, a. Etym: [L. Arabicus, fr. Arabia.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Arabia or the Arabians. Arabic numerals or
figures, the nine digits, 1, 2, 3, etc., and the cipher 0.
 -- Gum arabic. See under Gum.

ARABIC
Ar"a*bic, n.

Defn: The language of the Arabians.

Note: The Arabic is a Semitic language, allied to the Hebrew. It is
very widely diffused, being the language in which all Mohammedans
must read the Koran, and is spoken as a vernacular tongue in Arabia,
Syria, and Northern Africa.

ARABICAL
A*rab"ic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to Arabia; Arabic.
 -- A*rab"ic*al*ly, adv.

ARABIN
Ar"a*bin, n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A carbohydrate, isomeric with cane sugar, contained in gum
arabic, from which it is extracted as a white, amorphous substance.

2. Mucilage, especially that made of gum arabic.

ARABINOSE
Ar"a*bin*ose`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A sugar of the composition C5H10O5, obtained from cherry gum by
boiling it with dilute sulphuric acid.

ARABISM
Ar"a*bism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. Arabisme.]

Defn: An Arabic idiom peculiarly of language. Stuart.

ARABIST
Ar`a*bist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. Arabiste.]

Defn: One well versed in the Arabic language or literature; also,
formerly, one who followed the Arabic system of surgery.

ARABLE
Ar"a*ble, a. Etym: [F. arable, L. arabilis, fr. arare to plow, akin
to Gr. ear, to plow. See Earable.]

Defn: Fit for plowing or tillage; -- hence, often applied to land
which has been plowed or tilled.

ARABLE
Ar"a*ble, n.

Defn: Arable land; plow land.

ARABY
Ar"a*by, n.

Defn: The country of Arabia. [Archaic & Poetic]

ARACANESE
Ar`a*ca*nese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Aracan, a province of British Burmah.
 -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or natives of Aracan.

ARACARI
A`ra*, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American bird, of the genus Pleroglossius, allied to
the toucans. There are several species.

ARACE
A*race", v. t. Etym: [OE. aracen, arasen, OF. arachier, esracier, F.
arracher, fr. L. exradicare, eradicare. The prefix a- is perh. due to
L. ab. See Eradicate.]

Defn: To tear up by the roots; to draw away. [Obs.] Wyatt.

ARACEOUS
A*ra"ceous, a. Etym: [L. arum a genus of plants, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an order of plants, of which the genus Arum
is the type.

ARACHNID
A*rach"nid, n.

Defn: An arachnidan. Huxley.

ARACHNIDA
A*rach"ni*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the classes of Arthropoda. See Illustration in Appendix.

Note: They have four pairs of legs, no antennæ nor wings, a pair of
mandibles, and one pair of maxillæ or palpi. The head is usually
consolidated with the thorax. The respiration is either by trancheæ
or by pulmonary sacs, or by both. The class includes three principal
orders: Araneina, or spiders; Arthrogastra, including scorpions,
etc.; and Acarina, or mites and ticks.

ARACHNIDAN
A*rach"ni*dan, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Arachnida.

ARACHNIDIAL
Ar`ach*nid"i*al, a. (Zoöl.)
(a) Of or pertaining to the Arachnida.
(b) Pertaining to the arachnidium.

ARACHNIDIUM
Ar`ach*nid"i*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Arachnida.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The glandular organ in which the material for the web of
spiders is secreted.

ARACHNITIS
Ar`ach*ni"tis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the arachnoid membrane.

ARACHNOID
A*rach"noid, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Resembling a spider's web; cobweblike.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to a thin membrane of the brain and spinal cord,
between the dura mater and pia mater.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Covered with, or composed of, soft, loose hairs or fibers, so
as to resemble a cobweb; cobwebby.

ARACHNOID
A*rach"noid, n.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The arachnoid membrane.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Arachnoidea.

ARACHNOIDAL
Ar`ach*noid"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the arachnoid membrane; arachnoid.

ARACHNOIDEA
Ar`ach*noid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Arachnida.

ARACHNOLOGICAL
A*rach`no*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to arachnology.

ARACHNOLOGIST
Ar`ach*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in, or studies, arachnology.

ARACHNOLOGY
Ar`ach*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The department of zoölogy which treats of spiders and other
Arachnida.

ARAEOMETER
A`ræ*om"e*ter.

Defn: See Areometer.

ARAEOSTYLE
A*ræ"o*style, a. & n. Etym: [L. araeostylos, Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: See Intercolumniation.

ARAEOSYSTYLE
A*ræ`o*sys"tyle, a. & n. Etym: [Gr. Systyle.] (Arch.)

Defn: See Intercolumniation.

ARAGONESE
Ar`a*go*nese, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Aragon, in Spain, or to its inhabitants.
 -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or natives of Aragon, in Spain.

ARAGONITE
A*rag"o*nite, n. Etym: [From Aragon, in Spain.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral identical in composition with calcite or carbonate of
lime, but differing from it in its crystalline form and some of its
physical characters.

ARAGUATO
A`ra*gua"to, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American monkey, the ursine howler (Mycetes ursinus).
See Howler, n., 2.

ARAISE
A*raise"", v. t.

Defn: To raise. [Obs.] Shak.

ARAK
Ar"ak, n.

Defn: Same as Arrack.

ARAMAEAN; ARAMEAN
Ar`a*mæan, Ar`a*me"an, a. Etym: [L. Aramaeus, Gr. Aram, i. e.
Highland, a name given to Syria and Mesopotamia.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Syrians and Chaldeans, or to their
language; Aramaic.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Aram.

ARAMAIC
Ar`a*ma"ic, a. Etym: [See Aramæan, a.]

Defn: Pertaining to Aram, or to the territory, inhabitants, language,
or literature of Syria and Mesopotamia; Aramæan; -- specifically
applied to the northern branch of the Semitic family of languages,
including Syriac and Chaldee.
 -- n.

Defn: The Aramaic language.

ARAMAISM
Ar`a*ma"ism, n.

Defn: An idiom of the Aramaic.

ARANEIDA; ARANEOIDEA
Ar`a*ne"i*da, Ar`a*ne*oid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Araneina.

ARANEIDAN
Ar`a*ne"i*dan, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Araneina or spiders.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Araneina; a spider.

ARANEIFORM
Ar`a*ne"i*form a. Etym: [L. aranea spider + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the form of a spider. Kirby.

ARANEINA
A*ra`ne*i"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. aranea spider.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The order of Arachnida that includes the spiders.

Note: They have mandibles, modified a poison faIllustration in
Appendix.

ARANEOSE
A*ra"ne*ose`, a. Etym: [L. araneous.]

Defn: Of the aspect of a spider's web; arachnoid.

ARANEOUS
A*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. araneosus, fr. aranea spider, spider's
web.]

Defn: Cobweblike; extremely thin and delicate, like a cobweb; as, the
araneous membrane of the eye. See Arachnoid. Derham.

ARANGO
A*ran"go, n.; pl. Arangoes. Etym: [The native name.]

Defn: A bead of rough carnelian. Arangoes were formerly imported from
Bombay for use in the African slave trade. McCulloch.

ARAPAIMA
A`ra*pai"ma, n. Etym: [Prob. native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large fresh-water food fish of South America.

ARARA
A*ra"ra, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The palm (or great black) cockatoo, of Australia (Microglossus
aterrimus).

ARAROBA
Ar`a*ro"ba, n. [Tupi.]

1. Goa powder.

2.  A fabaceous tree of Brazil (Centrolobium robustum) having
handsomely striped wood; --called also zebrawood.

ARATION
A*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. aratio, fr. arare to plow.]

Defn: Plowing; tillage. [R.]
Lands are said to be in a state of aration when they are under
tillage. Brande.

ARATORY
Ar"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [LL. aratorius: cf. F. aratoire.]

Defn: Contributing to tillage.

ARAUCARIA
Ar`au*ca"ri*a, n. Etym: [Araucania, a territory south of Chili.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tall conifers of the pine family. The species are
confined mostly to South America and Australia. The wood cells differ
from those of other in having the dots in their lateral surfaces in
two or three rows, and the dots of contiguous rows alternating. The
seeds are edible.

ARAUCARIAN
Ar`au*ca"ri*an, a.

Defn: Relating to, or of the nature of, the Araucaria. The earliest
conifers in geological history were mostly Araucarian. Dana.

ARBALEST; ARBALIST
Ar"ba*lest, Ar"ba*list, n. Etym: [OF. arbaleste, LL. arbalista, for
L. arcuballista; arcus bow + ballista a military engine. See
Ballista.] (Antiq.)

Defn: A crossbow, consisting of a steel bow set in a shaft of wood,
furnished with a string and a trigger, and a mechanical device for
bending the bow. It served to throw arrows, darts, bullets, etc.
[Written also arbalet and arblast.] Fosbroke.

ARBALESTER; ARBALISTER
Ar"ba*lest`er, Ar"ba*list`er, n. Etym: [OF. arblastere, OF.
arbalestier. See Arbalest.]

Defn: A crossbowman. [Obs.] Speed.

ARBITER
Ar"bi*ter, n. Etym: [L. arbiter; ar- (for ad) + the root of betere to
go; hence properly, one who comes up to look on.]

1. A person appointed, or chosen, by parties to determine a
controversy between them.

Note: In modern usage, arbitrator is the technical word.

2. Any person who has the power of judging and determining, or
ordaining, without control; one whose power of deciding and governing
is not limited.
For Jove is arbiter of both to man. Cowper.

Syn.
 -- Arbitrator; umpire; director; referee; controller; ruler;
governor.

ARBITER
Ar"bi*ter, v. t.

Defn: To act as arbiter between. [Obs.]

ARBITRABLE
Ar"bi*tra*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. arbitrable, fr. L. arbitrari. See
Arbitrate, v. t.]

Defn: Capable of being decided by arbitration; determinable.
[Archaic] Bp. Hall.

ARBITRAGE
Ar"bi*trage, n. Etym: [F., fr. arbiter to give judgment, L.
arbitrari.]

1. Judgment by an arbiter; authoritative determination. [Archaic]

2. (Com)

Defn: A traffic in bills of exchange (see Arbitration of Exchange);
also, a traffic in stocks which bear differing values at the same
time in different markets.

ARBITRAL
Ar"bi*tral, a. Etym: [L. arbitralis.]

Defn: Of or relating to an arbiter or an arbitration. [R.]

ARBITRAMENT
Ar*bit"ra*ment, n. Etym: [LL. arbitramentum.]

1. Determination; decision; arbitration.
The arbitrament of time. Everett.
Gladly at this moment would MacIvor have put their quarrel to
personal arbitrament. Sir W. Scott.

2. The award of arbitrators. Cowell.

ARBITRARILY
Ar"bi*tra*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In an arbitrary manner; by will only; despotically; absolutely.

ARBITRARINESS
Ar"bi*tra*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being arbitrary; despoticalness; tyranny. Bp.
Hall.

ARBITRARIOUS
Ar`bi*tra"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. arbitrarius. See Arbitrary.]

Defn: Arbitrary; despotic. [Obs.] -- Ar`bi*tra"*ri*ous*ly, adv.
[Obs.]

ARBITRARY
Ar"bi*tra*ry, a. Etym: [L. arbitrarius, fr. arbiter: cf. F.
arbitraire. See Arbiter.]

1. Depending on will or discretion; not governed by any fixed rules;
as, an arbitrary decision; an arbitrary punishment.
It was wholly arbitrary in them to do so. Jer. Taylor.
Rank pretends to fix the value of every one, and is the most
arbitrary of all things. Landor.

2. Exercised according to one's own will or caprice, and therefore
conveying a notion of a tendency to abuse the possession of power.
Arbitrary power is most easily established on the ruins of liberty
abused licentiousness. Washington.

3. Despotic; absolute in power; bound by no law; harsh and
unforbearing; tyrannical; as, an arbitrary prince or government.
Dryden.
Arbitrary constant, Arbitrary function (Math.), a quantity of
function that is introduced into the solution of a problem, and to
which any value or form may at will be given, so that the solution
may be made to meet special requirements.
 -- Arbitrary quantity (Math.), one to which any value can be
assigned at pleasure.

ARBITRATE
Ar"bi*trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arbitrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Arbitrating.] Etym: [L. arbitratus, p. p. of arbitrari to be a hearer
or beholder of something, to make a decision, to give judgment, fr.
arbiter. See Arbiter.]

1. To hear and decide, as arbitrators; as, to choose to arbitrate a
disputed case.

2. To decide, or determine generally. South.
There shall your swords and lances arbitrate The swelling difference
of your settled hate. Shak.

ARBITRATE
Ar"bi*trate, v. i.

1. To decide; to determine. Shak.

2. To act as arbitrator or judge; as, to arbitrate upon several
reports;; to arbitrate in disputes among heighbors; to arbitrate
between parties to a suit.

ARBITRATION
Ar`bi*tra"tion, n. Etym: [F. arbitration, L. arbitratio, fr.
arbitrari.]

Defn: The hearing and determination of a cause between parties in
controversy, by a person or persons chosen by the parties.

Note: This may be done by one person; but it is usual to choose two
or three called arbitrators; or for each party to choose one, and
these to name a third, who is called the umpire. Their determination
is called the award. Bouvier Arbitration bond, a bond which obliges
one to abide by the award of an arbitration.
 -- Arbitration of Exchange, the operation of converting the currency
of one country into that of another, or determining the rate of
exchange between such countries or currencies. An arbitrated rate is
one determined by such arbitration through the medium of one or more
intervening currencies.

ARBITRATOR
Ar"bi*tra`tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. arbitrari: cf. F. arbitrateur.]

1. A person, or one of two or more persons, chosen by parties who
have a controversy, to determine their differences. See Arbitration.

2. One who has the power of deciding or prescribing without control;
a ruler; a governor.
Though Heaven be shut, And Heaven's high Arbitrators sit secure.
Milton.
Masters of their own terms and arbitrators of a peace. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Judge; umpire; referee; arbiter. See Judge.

ARBITRATRIX
Ar"bi*tra`trix, n. Etym: [L., fem. of arbitrator.]

Defn: A female who arbitrates or judges.

ARBITRESS
Ar"bi*tress, n. Etym: [From Arbiter.]

Defn: A female arbiter; an arbitratrix. Milton.

ARBLAST
Ar"blast, n.

Defn: A crossbow. See Arbalest.

ARBOR
Ar"bor, n. Etym: [OE. herber, herbere, properly a garden of herbs, F.
herbier, fr. L. herbarium. See Herb, and cf. Herbarium.]

Defn: A kind of latticework formed of, or covered with, vines,
branches of trees, or other plants, for shade; a bower. Sir P.
Sidney.

ARBOR
Ar"bor, n. [Written also arbour.] Etym: [L., a tree, a beam.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A tree, as distinguished from a shrub.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. arbre.] (Mech.)
(a) An axle or spindle of a wheel or opinion.
(b) A mandrel in lathe turning. Knight. Arbor Day, a day appointed
for planting trees and shrubs. [U.S.]

ARBORARY
Ar"bo*ra*ry, a. Etym: [L. arborarius, fr. arbor tree.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to trees; arboreal.

ARBORATOR
Ar"bo*ra`tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. arbor tree.]

Defn: One who plants or who prunes trees. [Obs.] Evelyn.

ARBOR DIANAE
Ar"bor Di*a"næ. Etym: [L., the tree of Diana, or silver.] (Chem.)

Defn: A precipitation of silver, in a beautiful arborescent form.

ARBOREAL
Ar*bo"re*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a tree, or to trees; of nature of trees.
Cowley.

2. Attached to, found in or upon, or frequenting, woods or trees; as,
arboreal animals.
Woodpeckers are eminently arboreal. Darwin.

ARBORED
Ar"bored, a.

Defn: Furnished with an arbor; lined with trees. "An arboreal walk."
Pollok.

ARBOREOUS
Ar*bo"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. arboreous, fr. arbor tree.]

1. Having the form, constitution, or habits, of a proper tree, in
distinction from a shrub. Loudon.

2. Pertaining to, or growing on, trees; as, arboreous moss. Quincy.

ARBORESCENCE
Ar`bo*res"cence, n.

Defn: The state of being arborescent; the resemblance to a tree in
minerals, or crystallizations, or groups of crystals in that form;
as, the arborescence produced by precipitating silver.

ARBORESCENT
Ar`bo*res"cent, a. Etym: [L. arborescens, p. pr. of arborescere to
become a tree, fr. arbor tree.]

Defn: Resembling a tree; becoming woody in stalk; dendritic; having
crystallizations disposed like the branches and twigs of a tree.
"Arborescent hollyhocks." Evelyn.

ARBORET
Ar"bo*ret, n. Etym: [OF. arboret, dim. of arbre tree, L. arbor]

Defn: A small tree or shrub. [Obs.] Spenser.
Among thick-woven arborets, and flowers Imbordered on each bank.
Milton.

ARBORETUM
Ar`bo*re"tum, n.; pl. Arboreta. Etym: [L., a place grown with trees.]

Defn: A place in which a collection of rare trees and shrubs is
cultivated for scientific or educational purposes.

ARBORICAL
Ar*bor"ic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to trees. [Obs.]

ARBORICOLE
Ar*bor"i*cole, a. Etym: [L. arbor + colere to inhabit.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Tree-inhabiting; -- said of certain birds.

ARBORICULTURAL
Ar`bor*i*cul"tur*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to arboriculture. Loudon.

ARBORICULTURE
Ar`bor*i*cul"ture, n. Etym: [L. arbor tree + cultura. See Culture.]

Defn: The cultivation of trees and shrubs, chiefly for timber or for
ornamental purposes.

ARBORICULTURIST
Ar`bor*i*cul"tur*ist, n.

Defn: One who cultivates trees.

ARBORIFORM
Ar*bor"i*form, a.

Defn: Treelike in shape.

ARBORIST
Ar"bor*ist, n. Etym: [F. arboriste, fr. L. arbor tree.]

Defn: One who makes trees his study, or who is versed in the
knowledge of trees. Howell.

ARBORIZATION
Ar`bor*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. arborisation, fr. L. arbor tree.]

Defn: The appearance or figure of a tree or plant, as in minerals or
fossils; a dendrite.

ARBORIZED
Ar"bor*ized, a.

Defn: Having a treelike appearance. "An arborized or moss agate."
Wright.

ARBOROUS
Ar"bor*ous, a.

Defn: Formed by trees. [Obs.]
From under shady, arborous roof. Milton.

ARBOR VINE
Ar"bor vine`.

Defn: A species of bindweed.

ARBOR VITAE
Ar"bor vi"tæ. Etym: [L., tree of life.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen tree of the cypress tribe, genus Thuja. The
American species is the T. occidentalis.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The treelike disposition of the gray and white nerve tissues in
the cerebellum, as seen in a vertical section.

ARBUSCLE
Ar"bus*cle, n. Etym: [L. arbuscula small tree, shrub, dim. of arbor
tree.]

Defn: A dwarf tree, one in size between a shrub and a tree; a
treelike shrub. Bradley.

ARBUSCULAR
Ar*bus"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a dwarf tree; shrublike. Da Costa.

ARBUSTIVE
Ar*bus"tive, a. Etym: [L. arbustivus, fr. arbustum place where trees
are planted.]

Defn: Containing copses of trees or shrubs; covered with shrubs.
Bartram.

ARBUTUS; ARBUTE
Ar"bu*tus, Ar"bute, n. Etym: [L. arbutus, akin to arbor tree.]

Defn: The strawberry tree, a genus of evergreen shrubs, of the Heath
family. It has a berry externally resembling the strawberry; the
arbute tree. Trailing arbutus (Bot.), a creeping or trailing plant of
the Heath family (Epigæa repens), having white or usually rose-
colored flowers with a delicate fragrance, growing in small axillary
clusters, and appearing early in the spring; in New England known as
mayflower; -- called also ground laurel. Gray.

ARC
Arc, n. Etym: [F. arc, L. arcus bow, arc. See Arch, n.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A portion of a curved line; as, the arc of a circle or of an
ellipse.

2. A curvature in the shape of a circular arc or an arch; as, the
colored arc (the rainbow); the arc of Hadley's quadrant.

3. An arch. [Obs.]
Statues and trophies, and triumphal arcs. Milton.

4. The apparent arc described, above or below the horizon, by the sun
or other celestial body. The diurnal arc is described during the
daytime, the nocturnal arc during the night. Electric arc, Voltaic
arc. See under Voltaic.

ARCADE
Ar*cade", n. Etym: [F. arcade, Sp. arcada, LL. arcata, fr. L. arcus
bow, arch.]

1. (Arch.)
(a) A series of arches with the columns or piers which support them,
the spandrels above, and other necessary appurtenances; sometimes
open, serving as an entrance or to give light; sometimes closed at
the back (as in the cut) and forming a decorative feature.
(b) A long, arched building or gallery.

2. An arched or covered passageway or avenue.

ARCADED
Ar*cad"ed, a.

Defn: Furnished with an arcade.

ARCADIA
Ar*ca"di*a, n. Etym: [L. Arcadia, Gr.

1. A mountainous and picturesque district of Greece, in the heart of
the Peloponnesus, whose people were distinguished for contentment and
rural happiness.

2. Fig.: Any region or scene of simple pleasure and untroubled quiet.
Where the cow is, there is Arcadia. J. Burroughs.

ARCADIAN; ARCADIC
Ar*ca"di*an, Ar*ca"dic, a. Etym: [L. Arcadius, Arcadicus, fr.
Arcadia: cf. F. Arcadien, Arcadique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Arcadia; pastoral; ideally rural; as,
Arcadian simplicity or scenery.

ARCANE
Ar*cane", a. Etym: [L. arcanus.]

Defn: Hidden; secret. [Obs.] "The arcane part of divine wisdom."
Berkeley.

ARCANUM
Ar*ca"num, n.; pl. Arcana. Etym: [L., fr. arcanus closed, secret, fr.
arca chest, box, fr. arcere to inclose. See Ark.]

1. A secret; a mystery; -- generally used in the plural.
Inquiries into the arcana of the Godhead. Warburton.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A secret remedy; an elixir. Dunglison.

ARCBOUTANT
Arc`*bou`tant", n. Etym: [F.] (Arch.)

Defn: A flying buttress. Gwilt.

ARCH
Arch, n. Etym: [F. arche, fr. LL. arca, for arcus. See Arc.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: Any part of a curved line.

2. (Arch.)
(a) Usually a curved member made up of separate wedge-shaped solids,
with the joints between them disposed in the direction of the radii
of the curve; used to support the wall or other weight above an
opening. In this sense arches are segmental, round (i. e.,
semicircular), or pointed.
(b) A flat arch is a member constructed of stones cut into wedges or
other shapes so as to support each other without rising in a curve.

Note: Scientifically considered, the arch is a means of spanning an
opening by resolving vertical pressure into horizontal or diagonal
thrust.

3. Any place covered by an arch; an archway; as, to pass into the
arch of a bridge.

4. Any curvature in the form of an arch; as, the arch of the aorta.
"Colors of the showery arch." Milton. Triumphal arch, a monumental
structure resembling an arched gateway, with one or more passages,
erected to commemorate a triumph.

ARCH
Arch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arched; p. pr. & vb. n. Arching.]

1. To cover with an arch or arches.

2. To form or bend into the shape of an arch.
The horse arched his neck. Charlesworth.

ARCH
Arch, v. i.

Defn: To form into an arch; to curve.

ARCH-
Arch- (ärch-, except in archangel and one or two other words). Etym:
[L. arch-, Gr. Arch-.]

Defn: A prefix signifying chief, as in archbuilder, archfiend.

ARCH
Arch, a. Etym: [See Arch-, pref.]

1. Chief; eminent; greatest; principal.
The most arch act of piteous massacre. Shak.

2. Cunning or sly; sportively mischievous; roguish; as, an arch look,
word, lad.
[He] spoke his request with so arch a leer. Tatler.

ARCH
Arch, n. Etym: [See Arch-, pref.]

Defn: A chief. [Obs.]
My worthy arch and patron comes to-night. Shak.

ARCH
*arch. Etym: [Gr. Arch, a.]

Defn: A suffix meaning a ruler, as in monarch (a sole ruler).

-ARCH
-arch. [Gr. 'archo`s chief, commander, 'a`rchein to rule. See Arch,
a.]

Defn: A suffix meaning a ruler, as in monarch (a sole ruler).

ARCHAEAN
Ar*chæ"an, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Ancient; pertaining to the earliest period in geological
history.

ARCHAEAN
Ar*chæ"an, n. (Geol.)

Defn: The earliest period in geological period, extending up to the
Lower Silurian. It includes an Azoic age, previous to the appearance
of life, and an Eozoic age, including the earliest forms of life.

Note: This is equivalent to the formerly accepted term Azoic, and to
the Eozoic of Dawson.

ARCHAEOGRAPHY
Ar`chæ*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A description of, or a treatise on, antiquity or antiquities.

ARCHAEOLITHIC
Ar`chæ*o*lith"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Archæol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the earliest Stone age; -- applied to a
prehistoric period preceding the Paleolithic age.

ARCHAEOLOGIAN
Ar`chæ*o*lo"gi*an, n.

Defn: An archæologist.

ARCHAEOLOGIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
Ar`chæ*o*log"ic, Ar`chæ*o*log"ic*al,

Defn: Relating to archæology, or antiquities; as, archæological
researches.
 -- Ar`*chæ*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

ARCHAEOLOGIST
Ar`chæ*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in archæology; an antiquary. Wright.

ARCHAEOLOGY
Ar`chæ*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science or study of antiquities, esp. prehistoric
antiquities, such as the remains of buildings or monuments of an
early epoch, inscriptions, implements, and other relics, written
manuscripts, etc.

ARCHAEOPTERYX
Ar`chæ*op"te*ryx, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil bird, of the Jurassic period, remarkable for having a
long tapering tail of many vertebræ with feathers along each side,
and jaws armed with teeth, with other reptilian characteristics.

ARCHAEOSTOMATOUS
Ar`chæ*o*stom"a*tous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Applied to a gastrula when the blastorope does not entirely up.

ARCHAEOZOIC
Ar`chæ*o*zo"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or belonging to the earliest forms of animal life.

ARCHAIC
Ar*cha"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or characterized by antiquity or archaism; antiquated;
obsolescent.

ARCHAICAL
Ar*cha"ic*al, a.

Defn: Archaic. [R.] -- Ar*cha"ic*al*ly, adv.

ARCHAISM
Ar"cha*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. archaïsme. See Arch, a.]

1. An ancient, antiquated, or old-fashioned, word, expression, or
idiom; a word or form of speech no longer in common use.

2. Antiquity of style or use; obsoleteness.
A select vocabulary corresponding (in point of archaism and
remoteness from ordinary use) to our Scriptural vocabulary. De
Quincey.

ARCHAIST
Ar"cha*ist, n.

1. Am antiquary.

2. One who uses archaisms.

ARCHAISTIC
Ar`cha*is"tic, a.

Defn: Like, or imitative of, anything archaic; pertaining to an
archaism.

ARCHAIZE
Ar"cha*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Archaized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Archaizing.] Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To make appear archaic or antique. Mahaffy.

ARCHANGEL
Arch`an"gel, n. Etym: [L. archangelus, Gr. archangel, F. archange.
See Arch-, pref., and Angel.]

1. A chief angel; one high in the celestial hierarchy. Milton.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A term applied to several different species of plants (Angelica
archangelica, Lamium album, etc.).

ARCHANGELIC
Arch`an*gel"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. archangélique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to archangels; of the nature of, or
resembling, an archangel. Milton.

ARCHBISHOP
Arch`bish"op, n. Etym: [AS. arcebisceop, arcebiscop, L.
archiepiscopus, fr. Gr. Bishop.]

Defn: A chief bishop; a church dignitary of the first class (often
called a metropolitan or primate) who superintends the conduct of the
suffragan bishops in his province, and also exercises episcopal
authority in his own diocese.

ARCHBISHOPRIC
Arch`bish"op*ric, n. Etym: [AS. arcebiscoprice. See -ric.]

Defn: The jurisdiction or office of an archbishop; the see or
province over which archbishop exercises archiepiscopal authority.

ARCH BRICK
Arch" brick`.

Defn: A wedge-shaped brick used in the building of an arch.

ARCHBUTLER
Arch`but"ler, n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + butler.]

Defn: A chief butler; -- an officer of the German empire.

ARCHCHAMBERLAIN
Arch`cham"ber*lain, n. Etym: [Cf. G. erzkämmerer. See Arch-, pref.]

Defn: A chief chamberlain; -- an officer of the old German empire,
whose office was similar to that of the great chamberlain in England.

ARCHCHANCELLOR
Arch`chan"cel*lor, n. Etym: [Cf. Ger. erzkanzler. See Arch-, pref.]

Defn: A chief chancellor; -- an officer in the old German empire, who
presided over the secretaries of the court.

ARCHCHEMIC
Arch`chem"ic, a.

Defn: Of supreme chemical powers. [R.] "The archchemic sun." Milton.

ARCHDEACON
Arch`dea"con, n. Etym: [AS. arcediacon, archidiacon, L.
archidiaconus, fr. Gr. Arch-, pref., and Deacon.]

Defn: In England, an ecclesiastical dignitary, next in rank below a
bishop, whom he assists, and by whom he is appointed, though with
independent authority. Blackstone.

ARCHDEACONRY
Arch`dea"con*ry, n.

Defn: The district, office, or residence of an archdeacon. See
Benefice.
Every diocese is divided into archdeaconries. Blackstone.

ARCHDEACONSHIP
Arch`dea"con*ship, n.

Defn: The office of an archdeacon.

ARCHDIOCESE
Arch`di"o*cese, n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + diocese.]

Defn: The diocese of an archbishop.

ARCHDUCAL
Arch`du"cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an archduke or archduchy.

ARCHDUCHESS
Arch`duch"ess, n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + duchess.]

Defn: The consort of an archduke; also, a princess of the imperial
family of Austria. See Archduke.

ARCHDUCHY
Arch`duch"y, n.

Defn: The territory of an archduke or archduchess. Ash.

ARCHDUKE
Arch`duke", n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + duke.]

Defn: A prince of the imperial family of Austria.

Note: Formerly this title was assumed by the rulers of Lorraine,
Brabant, Austria, etc. It is now appropriated to the descendants of
the imperial family of Austria through the make line, all such male
descendants being styled archduke, and all such female descendants
archduchesses.

ARCHDUKEDOM
Arch`duke"dom, n.

Defn: An archduchy.

ARCHEBIOSIS
Ar`che*bi*o"sis, n. Etym: [Pref. arche- + Gr.

Defn: To origination of living matter from non-living. See
Abiogenesis. Bastian.

ARCHED
Arched, a.

Defn: Made with an arch or curve; covered with an arch; as, an arched
door.

ARCHEGONIAL
Ar`che*go"ni*al, a.

Defn: Relating to the archegonium.

ARCHEGONIUM
Ar`che*go"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The pistillidium or female organ in the higher cryptogamic
plants, corresponding to the pistil in flowering plants.

ARCHEGONY
Ar*cheg"o*ny, n. Etym: [See Archegonium.] (Biol.)

Defn: Spontaneous generation; abiogenesis.

ARCHELOGY
Ar*chel"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of, or a treatise on, first principles. Fleming.

ARCHENCEPHALA
Ar`chen*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. pref. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division that includes man alone. R. Owen.

ARCHENEMY
Arch`en"e*my, n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + enemy.]

Defn: A principal enemy. Specifically, Satan, the grand adversary of
mankind. Milton.

ARCHENTERIC
Arch`en*ter"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to the archenteron; as, archenteric invagination.

ARCHENTERON
Arch`en"ter*on, n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The primitive enteron or undifferentiated digestive sac of a
gastrula or other embryo. See Illust. under Invagination.

ARCHEOLOGY; ARCHEOLOGICAL
Ar`che*ol"o*gy, n., Ar`che*o*log`ic*al, a.

Defn: Same as Archæology, etc.

ARCHER
Arch"er, n. Etym: [archier, F. archer, LL. arcarius, fr. L. arcus
bow. See Arc, Arch, n.]

Defn: A bowman, one skilled in the use of the bow and arrow.

ARCHERESS
Arch"er*ess, n.

Defn: A female archer. Markham.

ARCHER FISH
Arch"er fish`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small fish (Toxotes jaculator), of the East Indies; -- so
called from its ejecting drops of water from its mouth at its prey.
The name is also applied to Chætodon rostratus.

ARCHERSHIP
Arch"er*ship, n.

Defn: The art or skill of an archer.

ARCHERY
Arch"er*y, n. Etym: [OE. archerie.]

1. The use of the bow and arrows in battle, hunting, etc.; the art,
practice, or skill of shooting with a bow and arrows.

2. Archers, or bowmen, collectively.
Let all our archery fall off In wings of shot a-both sides of the
van. Webster (1607).

ARCHES
Arch"es,

Defn: pl. of Arch, n. Court of arches, or Arches Court (Eng. Law),
the court of appeal of the Archbishop of Canterbury, whereof the
judge, who sits as deputy to the archbishop, is called the Dean of
the Arches, because he anciently held his court in the church of St.
Mary-le-Bow (de arcubus). It is now held in Westminster. Mozley & W.

ARCHETYPAL
Ar"che*ty`pal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an archetype; consisting a model (real or
ideal) or pattern; original. "One archetypal mind." Gudworth.

Note: Among Platonists, the archetypal world is the world as it
existed as an idea of God before the creation.

ARCHETYPALLY
Ar"che*ty`pal*ly, adv.

Defn: With reference to the archetype; originally. "Parts
archetypally distinct." Dana.

ARCHETYPE
Ar"che*type, n. Etym: [L. archetypum, Gr. archétype. See Arch-,
pref.]

1. The original pattern or model of a work; or the model from which a
thing is made or formed.
The House of Commons, the archetype of all the representative
assemblies which now meet. Macaulay.
Types and shadows of that glorious archetype that was to come into
the world. South.

2. (Coinage)

Defn: The standard weight or coin by which others are adjusted.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: The plan or fundamental structure on which a natural group of
animals or plants or their systems of organs are assumed to have been
constructed; as, the vertebrate archetype.

ARCHETYPICAL
Ar`che*typ"ic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to an archetype; archetypal.

ARCHEUS
Ar*che"us, n. Etym: [LL. arch, Gr. Archi-, pref.]

Defn: The vital principle or force which (according to the
Paracelsians) presides over the growth and continuation of living
beings; the anima mundi or plastic power of the old philosophers.
[Obs.] Johnson.

ARCHI-
Ar"chi-. Etym: [L., archi-, Gr. arce-, erce-, OHG. erzi-.]

Defn: A prefix signifying chief, arch; as, architect, archiepiscopal.
In Biol. and Anat. it usually means primitive, original, ancestral;
as, archipterygium, the primitive fin or wing.

ARCHIANNELIDA
Ar`chi*an*nel"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL.; pref. archi- + annelida.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Annelida remarkable for having no external segments
or distinct ventral nerve ganglions.

ARCHIATER
Ar"chi*a`ter, n. Etym: [L. archiatrus, Gr.

Defn: Chief physician; -- a term applied, on the continent of Europe,
to the first or body physician of princes and to the first physician
of some cities. P. Cyc.

ARCHIBALD WHEEL
Ar"chi*bald wheel.

Defn: A metal-hubbed wheel of great strength and elasticity, esp.
adapted for artillery carriages and motor cars.

ARCHIBLASTULA
Ar`chi*blas"tu*la, n. Etym: [Pref. archi + blastula.] (Biol.)

Defn: A hollow blastula, supposed to be the primitive form; a c

ARCHICAL
Ar"chi*cal, a. Etym: [Gr. Arch-, pref.]

Defn: Chief; primary; primordial. [Obs.] Cudworth.

ARCHIDIACONAL
Ar`chi*di*ac"o*nal, a. Etym: [L. archidiaconus, Gr. archdeacon.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an archdeacon.
This offense is liable to be censured in an archidiaconal visitation.
Johnson.

ARCHIEPISCOPACY
Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pa*cy, n. Etym: [Pref. archi- + episcopacy.]

1. That form of episcopacy in which the chief power is in the hands
of archbishops.

2. The state or dignity of an archbishop.

ARCHIEPISCOPAL
Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pal, a. Etym: [Pref. archi- + episcopal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an archbishop; as, Canterbury is an
archiepiscopal see.

ARCHIEPISCOPALITY
Ar`chi*e*pis`co*pal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The station or dignity of an archbishop; archiepiscopacy.
Fuller.

ARCHIEPISCOPATE
Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pate, n. Etym: [Pref. archi- + episcopate.]

Defn: The office of an archbishop; an archbishopric.

ARCHIEREY
Ar*chi"e*rey, n. Etym: [Russ. archieréi, fr. Gr. arch-) + * priest.]

Defn: The higher order of clergy in Russia, including metropolitans,
archbishops, and bishops. Pinkerton.

ARCHIL
Ar"chil, n. Etym: [OF. orchel, orcheil, It. orcella, oricello, or
OSp. orchillo. Cf. Orchil.]

1. A violet dye obtained from several species of lichen (Roccella
tinctoria, etc.), which grow on maritime rocks in the Canary and Cape
Verd Islands, etc. Tomlinson.

2. The plant from which the dye is obtained. [Written also orchal and
orchil.]

ARCHILOCHIAN
Ar`chi*lo"chi*an, a. Etym: [L. Archilochius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the satiric Greek poet Archilochus; as,
Archilochian meter.

ARCHIMAGE; ARCHIMAGUS
Ar"chi*mage, Ar`chi*ma"gus, n. Etym: [NL.; pref. archi- + L. magus,
Gr.

1. The high priest of the Persian Magi, or worshipers of fire.

2. A great magician, wizard, or enchanter. Spenser.

ARCHIMANDRITE
Ar`chi*man"drite, n. Etym: [L. archimandrita, LGr. arch-) + (Gr.
Church)
(a) A chief of a monastery, corresponding to abbot in the Roman
Catholic church.
(b) A superintendent of several monasteries, corresponding to
superior abbot, or father provincial, in the Roman Catholic church.

ARCHIMEDEAN
Ar`chi*me*de"an, a. Etym: [L. Archimedeus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Archimedes, a celebrated Greek philosopher;
constructed on the principle of Archimedes' screw; as, Archimedean
drill, propeller, etc. Archimedean screw, or Archimedes' screw, an
instrument, said to have been invented by Archimedes, for raising
water, formed by winding a flexible tube round a cylinder in the form
of a screw. When the screw is placed in an inclined position, and the
lower end immersed in water, by causing the screw to revolve, the
water is raised to the upper end. Francis.

ARCHIMEDES
Ar`chi*me"des, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of Bryzoa characteristic of the
subcarboniferous rocks. Its form is that of a screw.

ARCHING
Arch"ing, n.

1. The arched part of a structure.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Hogging; -- opposed to sagging.

ARCHIPELAGIC
Ar`chi*pe*lag"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an archipelago.

ARCHIPELAGO
Ar`chi*pel"a*go, n.; pl. -goes or -gos. Etym: [It. arcipelago,
properly, chief sea; Gr. pref Plague.]

1. The Grecian Archipelago, or Ægean Sea, separating Greece from Asia
Minor. It is studded with a vast number of small islands.

2. Hence: Any sea or broad sheet of water interspersed with many
islands or with a group of islands.

ARCHIPTERYGIUM
Ar*chip`te*ryg"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. pref. arch-) + (Anat.)

Defn: The primitive form of fin, like that of Ceratodus.

ARCHITECT
Ar"chi*tect, n. Etym: [L. architectus, architecton, Gr. archi-) +
architecte, It. architetto. See Technical.]

1. A person skilled in the art of building; one who understands
architecture, or makes it his occupation to form plans and designs of
buildings, and to superintend the artificers employed.

2. A contriver, designer, or maker.
The architects of their own happiness. Milton.
A French woman is a perfect architect in dress. Coldsmith.

ARCHITECTIVE
Ar`chi*tec"tive, a.

Defn: Used in building; proper for building. Derham.

ARCHITECTONIC; ARCHITECTONICAL
Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic, Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic*al, a. Etym: [L.
architectonicus, Gr. Architect.]

1. Pertaining to a master builder, or to architecture; evincing skill
in designing or construction; constructive. "Architectonic wisdom."
Boyle.
These architectonic functions which we had hitherto thought belonged.
J. C. Shairp.

2. Relating to the systemizing of knowledge.

ARCHITECTONIC
Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. architectonique.]

1. The science of architecture.

2. The act of arranging knowledge into a system.

ARCHITECTONICS
Ar`chi*tec*ton"ics, n.

Defn: The science of architecture.

ARCHITECTOR
Ar"chi*tec`tor, n.

Defn: An architect. [Obs.] North.

ARCHITECTRESS
Ar"chi*tec`tress, n.

Defn: A female architect.

ARCHITECTURAL
Ar`chi*tec"tur*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the art of building; conformed to the rules
of architecture.
 -- Ar`chi*tec"tur*al*ly, adv.

ARCHITECTURE
Ar"chi*tec`ture, n. Etym: [L. architectura, fr. architectus: cf. F.
architecture. See Architect.]

1. The art or science of building; especially, the art of building
houses, churches, bridges, and other structures, for the purposes of
civil life; -- often called civil architecture.
Many other architectures besides Gothic. Ruskin.

3. Construction, in a more general sense; frame or structure;
workmanship.
The architecture of grasses, plants, and trees. Tyndall.
The formation of the first earth being a piece of divine
architecture. Burnet.
Military architecture, the art of fortifications.
 -- Naval architecture, the art of building ships.

ARCHITEUTHIS
Ar`chi*teu"this, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. pref. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of gigantic cephalopods, allied to the squids, found
esp. in the North Atlantic and about New Zealand.

ARCHITRAVE
Ar"chi*trave, n. Etym: [F. architrave, fr. It. architrave; pref.
archi- + trave beam, L. trabs.] (Arch.)
(a) The lower division of an entablature, or that part which rests
immediately on the column, esp. in classical architecture. See
Column.
(b) The group of moldings, or other architectural member, above and
on both sides of a door or other opening, especially if square in
form.

ARCHITRAVED
Ar"chi*traved, a.

Defn: Furnished with an architrave. Cowper.

ARCHIVAL
Ar"chi*val, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or contained in, archives or records. Tooke.

ARCHIVE
Ar"chive, n.; pl. Archives. Etym: [F. archives, pl., L. archivum,
archium, fr. Gr. Archi-, pref.]

1. pl.

Defn: The place in which public records or historic documents are
kept.
Our words . . . . become records in God's court, and are laid up in
his archives as witnesses. Gov. of Tongue.

2. pl.

Defn: Public records or documents preserved as evidence of facts; as,
the archives of a country or family. [Rarely used in sing.]
Some rotten archive, rummaged out of some seldom explored press.
Lamb.

Syn.
 -- Registers; records; chronicles.

ARCHIVIST
Ar"chi*vist, n. Etym: [F. archiviste.]

Defn: A keeper of archives or records. [R.]

ARCHIVOLT
Ar"chi*volt, n. Etym: [F. archivolte, fr. It. archivolto; pref.
archi- + volto vault, arch. See Vault.] (Arch.)
(a) The architectural member surrounding the curved opening of an
arch, corresponding to the architrave in the case of a square
opening.
(b) More commonly, the molding or other ornaments with which the wall
face of the voussoirs of an arch is charged.

ARCHLUTE; ARCHILUTE
Arch"lute, Arch"i*lute, n. Etym: [Cf. F. archiluth, It. arciliuto.]
(Mus.)

Defn: A large theorbo, or double-necked lute, formerly in use, having
the bass strings doubled with an octave, and the higher strings with
a unison.

ARCHLY
Arch"ly, adv.

Defn: In an arch manner; with attractive slyness or roguishness;
slyly; waggishly.
Archly the maiden smiled. Longfellow.

ARCHMARSHAL
Arch`mar"shal, n. Etym: [G. erzmarschall. See Arch-, pref.]

Defn: The grand marshal of the old German empire, a dignity that to
the Elector of Saxony.

ARCHNESS
Arch"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being arch; cleverness; sly humor free from
malice; waggishness. Goldsmith.

ARCHON
Ar"chon, n. Etym: [L. archon, Gr. (Antiq.)

Defn: One of the chief magistrates in ancient Athens, especially, by
preëminence, the first of the nine chief magistrates.
 -- Ar*chon"tic, a.

ARCHONSHIP
Ar"chon*ship, n.

Defn: The office of an archon. Mitford.

ARCHONTATE
Ar"chon*tate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. archontat.]

Defn: An archon's term of office. Gibbon.

ARCHONTS
Ar"chonts, n. pl. Etym: [Gr. p. pr. See Archon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The group including man alone.

ARCHOPLASM
Ar"cho*plasm, n. [See Archon; Plasma.] (Biol.)

Defn: The substance from which attraction spheres develop in mitotic
cell division, and of which they consist.

ARCHPRELATE
Arch`prel"ate, n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + prelate.]

Defn: An archbishop or other chief prelate.

ARCHPRESBYTER
Arch`pres"by*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Archpriest.

ARCHPRESBYTERY
Arch`pres"by*ter*y, n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + presbutery.]

Defn: The absolute dominion of presbytery. Milton.

ARCHPRIEST
Arch`priest", n.

Defn: A chief priest; also, a kind of vicar, or a rural dean.

ARCHPRIMATE
Arch`pri"mate, n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + primate.]

Defn: The chief primate. Milton.

ARCH STONE
Arch" stone`.

Defn: A wedge-shaped stone used in an arch; a voussoir.

ARCHTRAITOR
Arch`trai"tor, n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + traitor.]

Defn: A chief or transcendent traitor. I. Watts.

ARCHTREASURER
Arch`treas"ur*er, n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + treasurer.]

Defn: A chief treasurer. Specifically, the great treasurer of the
German empire.

ARCHWAY
Arch"way, n.

Defn: A way or passage under an arch.

ARCHWIFE
Arch`wife", n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + wife.]

Defn: A big, masculine wife. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ARCHWISE
Arch"wise, adv.

Defn: Arch-shaped.

ARCHY
Arch"y, a.

Defn: Arched; as, archy brows.

ARCHY
*ar"chy. Etym: [Gr. Arch-, pref.]

Defn: A suffix properly meaning a rule, ruling, as in monarchy, the
rule of one only. Cf. -arch.

ARCIFORM
Ar"ci*form, a. Etym: [L. arcus bow + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of an arch; curved.

ARC LIGHT
Arc light. (Elec.)

Defn: The light of an arc lamp.

ARCOGRAPH
Arc"o*graph, n. Etym: [L. arcus (E. arc) + -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for drawing a circular arc without the use of a
central point; a cyclograph.

ARCTATION
Arc*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. arctus shut in, narrow, p. p. of arcere to
shut in: cf. F. arctation.] (Med.)

Defn: Constriction or contraction of some natural passage, as in
constipation from inflammation.

ARCTIC
Arc"tic, a. Etym: [OE. artik, OF. artique, F. arctique, L. arcticus,
fr. Gr. ursus bear, Skr.

Defn: Pertaining to, or situated under, the northern constellation
called the Bear; northern; frigid; as, the arctic pole, circle,
region, ocean; an arctic expedition, night, temperature.

Note: The arctic circle is a lesser circle, parallel to the equator,
23º 28' from the north pole. This and the antarctic circle are called
the polar circles, and between these and the poles lie the frigid
zones. See Zone.

ARCTIC
Arc"tic, n.

1. The arctic circle.

2. A warm waterproof overshoe. [U.S.]

ARCTISCA
Arc*tis"ca, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Arachnida. See Illust. in Appendix.

ARCTOGEAL
Arc`to*ge"al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to arctic lands; as, the arctogeal fauna.

ARCTOIDEA
Arc*toid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of the Carnivora, that includes the bears, weasels,
etc.

ARCTURUS
Arc*tu"rus, n. Etym: [L. Arcturus, Gr. Arctic.] (Anat.)

Defn: A fixed star of the first magnitude in the constellation
Boötes.

Note: Arcturus has sometimes been incorrectly used as the name of the
constellation, or even of Ursa Major.
Canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons [Rev. Ver.: "the Bear with
her train"]. Job xxxviii. 32.

ARCUAL
Arc"u*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an arc. Arcual measure of an angle (Math.),
that in which the unit angle has its measuring arc equal to the
radius of the circle.

ARCUATE; ARCUATED
Arc"u*ate, Arc"u*a`ted(#), a. Etym: [L. arcuatus, p. p. of arcuare to
shape like a bow, fr. arcus. See Arc.]

Defn: Bent or curved in the form of a bow. "Arcuate stalks." Gray.

ARCUATELY
Arc"u*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: In the form of a bow.

ARCUATION
Arc`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. arcuatio.]

1. The act of bending or curving; incurvation; the state of being
bent; crookedness. Coxe.

2. (Hort.)

Defn: A mode of propagating trees by bending branches to the ground,
and covering the small shoots with earth; layering. Chambers.

ARCUBALIST
Ar"cu*ba*list, n. Etym: [See Arbalist.]

Defn: A crossbow. Fosbroke.

ARCUBALISTER
Ar`cu*bal"ist*er, n. Etym: [L. arcuballistarius. Cf. Arbalister.]

Defn: A crossbowman; one who used the arcubalist. Camden.

ARCUBUS
Ar"cu*bus, n.

Defn: See Arquebus. [Obs.]

-ARD; -ART
-ard, -art.

Defn: The termination of many English words; as, coward, reynard,
drunkard, mostly from the French, in which language this ending is of
German origin, being orig. the same word as English hard. It usually
has the sense of one who has to a high or excessive degree the
quality expressed by the root; as, braggart, sluggard.

ARDASSINE
Ar*das"sine, n. Etym: [F. (cf. Sp. ardacina), fr. ardasse a kind of
silk thread, fr. Ar. & Per. ardan a kind of raw silk.]

Defn: A very fine sort of Persian silk.

ARDENCY
Ar"den*cy, n.

1. Heat. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.

2. Warmth of passion or affection; ardor; vehemence; eagerness; as,
the ardency of love or zeal.

ARDENT
Ar"dent, a. Etym: [OE. ardaunt, F. ardant, p. pr. of arder to burn,
fr. L. ardere.]

1. Hot or burning; causing a sensation of burning; fiery; as, ardent
spirits, that is, distilled liquors; an ardent fever.

2. Having the appearance or quality of fire; fierce; glowing;
shining; as, ardent eyes. Dryden.

3. Warm, applied to the passions and affections; passionate; fervent;
zealous; vehement; as, ardent love, feelings, zeal, hope, temper.
An ardent and impetuous race. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Burning; hot; fiery; glowing; intense; fierce; vehement; eager;
zealous; keen; fervid; fervent; passionate; affectionate.

ARDENTLY
Ar"dent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ardent manner; eagerly; with warmth; affectionately;
passionately.

ARDENTNESS
Ar"dent*ness, n.

Defn: Ardency. [R.]

ARDOIS SYSTEM
Ar`dois" sys"tem. (Naut.)

Defn: A widely used system of electric night signals in which a
series of double electric lamps (white and red) is arranged
vertically on a mast, and operated from a keyboard below.

ARDOR
Ar"dor, n. Etym: [L. ardor, fr. ardere to burn: cf. OF. ardor, ardur,
F. ardeur.] [Spelt also ardour.]

1. Heat, in a literal sense; as, the ardor of the sun's rays.

2. Warmth or heat of passion or affection; eagerness; zeal; as, he
pursues study with ardor; the fought with ardor; martial ardor.

3. pl.

Defn: Bright and effulgent spirits; seraphim. [Thus used by Milton.]

Syn.
 -- Fervor; warmth; eagerness. See Fervor.

ARDUOUS
Ar"du*ous, a. Etym: [L. arduus steep, high; akin to Ir. ard high,
height.]

1. Steep and lofty, in a literal sense; hard to climb.
Those arduous pats they trod. Pope.

2. Attended with great labor, like the ascending of acclivities;
difficult; laborious; as, an arduous employment, task, or enterprise.

Syn.
 -- Difficult; trying; laborious; painful; exhausting.
 -- Arduous, Hard, Difficult. Hard is simpler, blunter, and more
general in sense than difficult; as, a hard duty to perform, hard
work, a hard task, one which requires much bodily effort and
perseverance to do. Difficult commonly implies more skill and
sagacity than hard, as when there is disproportion between the means
and the end. A work may be hard but not difficult. We call a thing
arduous when it requires strenuous and persevering exertion, like
that of one who is climbing a precipice; as, an arduous task, an
arduous duty. "It is often difficult to control our feelings; it is
still harder to subdue our will; but it is an arduous undertaking to
control the unruly and contending will of others."

ARDUOUSLY
Ar"du*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an arduous manner; with difficulty or laboriousness.

ARDUOUSNESS
Ar"du*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being arduous; difficulty of execution.

ARDUROUS
Ar"du*rous, a.

Defn: Burning; ardent. [R.]
Lo! further on, Where flames the arduous Spirit of Isidore. Cary.

ARE
Are. Etym: [AS. (Northumbrian) aron, akin to the 1st pers. pl. forms,
Icel. erum, Goth. sijum, L. sumus, Gr. smas; all from a root as. Am
and Is, and cf. Be.]

Defn: The present indicative plural of the substantive verb to be;
but etymologically a different word from be, or was. Am, art, are,
and is, all come from the root as.

ARE
Are, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. area. See Area.] (Metric system)

Defn: The unit of superficial measure, being a square of which each
side is ten meters in length; 100 square meters, or about 119.6
square yards.

AREA
A"re*a, n.; pl. Areas . Etym: [L. area a broad piece of level groAre,
n.]

1. Any plane surface, as of the floor of a room or church, or of the
ground within an inclosure; an open space in a building.
The Alban lake . . . looks like the area of some vast amphitheater.
Addison.

2. The inclosed space on which a building stands.

3. The sunken space or court, giving ingress and affording light to
the basement of a building.

4. An extent of surface; a tract of the earth's surface; a region;
as, vast uncultivated areas.

5. (Geom.)

Defn: The superficial contents of any figure; the surface included
within any given lines; superficial extent; as, the area of a square
or a triangle.

6. (Biol.)

Defn: A spot or small marked space; as, the germinative area.

7. Extent; scope; range; as, a wide area of thought.
The largest area of human history and man's common nature. F.
Harrison.
Dry area. See under Dry.

AREAD; AREED
A*read", A*reed", v. t. Etym: [OE. areden, AS. ar to interpret. See
Read.]

1. To tell, declare, explain, or interpret; to divine; to guess; as,
to aread a riddle or a dream. [Obs.]
Therefore more plain aread this doubtful case. Spenser.

2. To read. [Obs.] Drayton.

3. To counsel, advise, warn, or direct.
But mark what I aread thee now. Avaunt! Milton.

4. To decree; to adjudge. [Archaic] Ld. Lytton.

AREAL
A"re*al, a. Etym: [Cf. L. arealis, fr. area.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an area; as, areal interstices (the areas
or spaces inclosed by the reticulate vessels of leaves).

AREAR
A*rear", v. t. & i. Etym: [AS. ar. See Rear.]

Defn: To raise; to set up; to stir up. [Obs.]

AREAR
A*rear", adv. Etym: [See Arrear, adv.]

Defn: Backward; in or to the rear; behindhand. Spenser.

ARECA
A*re"ca, n. Etym: [Canarese adiki: cf. Pg. & Sp. areca.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of palms, one species of which produces the areca nut,
or betel nut, which is chewed in India with the leaf of the Piper
Betle and lime.

ARECOLINE; ARECOLIN
A*re"co*line, A*re"co*lin, n. [From NL. Areca, a genus of palms
bearing betel nut.]

Defn: An oily liquid substance, C8H13O2N, the chief alkaloid of the
betel nut, to which the latter owes its anthelmintic action.

AREEK
A*reek", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + reek.]

Defn: In a reeking condition. Swift.

AREFACTION
Ar`e*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. arefacere to dry.]

Defn: The act of drying, or the state of growing dry.
The arefaction of the earth. Sir M. Hale.

AREFY
Ar"e*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. arere to be dry + -fly.]

Defn: To dry, or make dry. Bacon.

ARENA
A*re"na, n.; pl. E. Arenas; L. Arenæ. Etym: [L. arena, harena, sand,
a sandy place.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The area in the central part of an amphitheater, in which the
gladiators fought and other shows were exhibited; -- so called
because it was covered with sand.

2. Any place of public contest or exertion; any sphere of action; as,
the arenaof debate; the arena of life.

3. (Med.)

Defn: "Sand" or "gravel" in the kidneys.

ARENACEOUS
Ar`e*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. arenaceus, fr. arena sand.]

Defn: Sandy or consisting largely of sand; of the nature of sand;
easily disintegrating into sand; friable; as, arenaceous limestone.

ARENARIOUS
Ar`e*na"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. arenarius, fr. arena sand.]

Defn: Sandy; as, arenarious soil.

ARENATION
Ar`e*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. arenatio, fr. arena sand.] (Med.)

Defn: A sand bath; application of hot sand to the body. Dunglison.

ARENDATOR
Ar`en*da"tor, n. Etym: [LL. arendator, arrendator, fr. arendare,
arrendare, to pay rent, fr. arenda yearly rent; ad + renda, F. rente,
E. rent. Cf. Arrentation and Rent.]

Defn: In some provinces of Russia, one who farms the rents or
revenues.

Note: A person who rents an estate belonging to the crown is called
crown arendator. Tooke.

ARENG; ARENGA
A*reng", A*ren"ga, n. Etym: [Malayan.]

Defn: A palm tree (Saguerus saccharifer) which furnishes sago, wine,
and fibers for ropes; the gomuti palm.

ARENICOLITE
Ar`e*nic"o*lite, n. Etym: [L. arena sand + colere to cherish or
live.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An ancient wormhole in sand, preserved in the rocks. Dana.

ARENILITIC
A*ren`i*lit"ic, a. Etym: [L. arena sand + Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to sandstone; as, arenilitic mountains.
Kirwan.

ARENOSE
Ar"e*nose, a. Etym: [L. arenosus, fr. arena sand.]

Defn: Sandy; full of sand. Johnson.

ARENULOUS
A*ren"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. arenula fine sand, dim. of arena.]

Defn: Full of fine sand; like sand. [Obs.]

AREOLA
A*re"o*la, n.; pl. Areolæ. Etym: [L. areola, dim. of area: cf. F.
aréole. See Area.]

1. An interstice or small space, as between the cracks of the surface
in certain crustaceous lichens; or as between the fibers composing
organs or vessels that interlace; or as between the nervures of an
insect's wing.

2. (Anat. & Med.)

Defn: The colored ring around the nipple, or around a vesicle or
pustule.

AREOLAR
A*re"o*lar, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, an areola; filled with interstices or
areolæ. reolar tissue (Anat.), a form of fibrous connective tissue in
which the fibers are loosely arranged with numerous spaces, or
areolæ, between them.

AREOLATE; AREOLATED
A*re"o*late, A*re"o*la*ted, a. Etym: [L. areola: cf. F. aréole.]

Defn: Divided into small spaces or areolations, as the wings of
insects, the leaves of plants, or the receptacle of compound flowers.

AREOLATION
A`re*o*la"tion, n.

1. Division into areolæ. Dana.

2. Any small space, bounded by some part different in color or
structure, as the spaces bounded by the nervures of the wings of
insects, or those by the veins of leaves; an areola.

AREOLE
A"re*ole, n.

Defn: Same as Areola.

AREOLET
A*re"o*let, n. Etym: [Dim. of L. areola.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small inclosed area; esp. one of the small spaces on the
wings of insects, circumscribed by the veins.

AREOMETER
A`re*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. aréomètre.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the specific gravity of fluids; a
form hydrometer.

AREOMETRIC; AREOMETRICAL
A`re*o*met"ric, A`re*o*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or measured by, an areometer.

AREOMETRY
A`re*om"e*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -metry.]

Defn: The art or process of measuring the specific gravity of fluids.

AREOPAGIST
Ar`e*op"a*gist, n.

Defn: See Areopagite.

AREOPAGITE
Ar`e*op"a*gite, n. Etym: [L. Areopagites, Gr.

Defn: A member of the Areopagus. Acts xvii. 34.

AREOPAGITIC
Ar`e*op`a*git"ic, a. Etym: [L. Areopagiticus, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the Areopagus. Mitford.

AREOPAGUS
Ar`e*op"a*gus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: The highest judicial court at Athens. Its sessions were held on
Mars' Hill. Hence, any high court or tribunal

AREOSTYLE
A*re"o*style, a. & n.

Defn: See Intercolumniation, and Aræostyle.

AREOSYSTYLE
A*re`o*sys"tyle, a. & n.

Defn: See Intercolumniation, and Aræosystyle.

ARERE
A*rere", v. t. & i.

Defn: See Arear. [Obs.] Ellis.

AREST
A*rest", n.

Defn: A support for the spear when couched for the attack. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

ARET
A*ret", v. t. Etym: [OE. aretten, OF. areter; a (L. ad) + OF. reter,
L. reputare. See Repute.]

Defn: To reckon; to ascribe; to impute. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ARETAICS
Ar`e*ta"ics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The ethical theory which excludes all relations between virtue
and happiness; the science of virtue; -- contrasted with eudemonics.
J. Grote.

ARETE
A`rête", n. [F., lit., a sharp fish bone, ridge, sharp edge, fr. L.
arista beard of grain.] (Geog.)

Defn: An acute and rugged crest of a mountain range or a subsidiary
ridge between two mountain gorges.

ARETOLOGY
Ar`e*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. arétologie.]

Defn: That part of moral philosophy which treats of virtue, its
nature, and the means of attaining to it.

AREW
A*rew". adv. Etym: [See Arow, Row.]

Defn: In a row. [Obs.] "All her teeth arew." Spenser.

ARGAL
Ar"gal, n.

Defn: Crude tartar. See Argol.

ARGAL
Ar"gal, adv.

Defn: A ludicrous corruption of the Latin word ergo, therefore. Shak.

ARGAL; ARGALI
Ar"gal, Ar"ga*li, n. Etym: [Mongolian.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of wild sheep (Ovis ammon, or O. argali), remarkable
for its large horns. It inhabits the mountains of Siberia and central
Asia.

Note: The bearded argali is the aoudad. See Aoudad. The name is also
applied to the bighorn sheep of the Rocky Mountains. See Bighorn.

ARGALA
Ar"ga*la, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The adjutant bird.

ARGAND LAMP
Ar"gand lamp`. Etym: [Named from the inventor, Aimé Argand of
Geneva.]

Defn: A lamp with a circular hollow wick and glass chimney which
allow a current of air both inside and outside of the flame. Argand
burner, a burner for an Argand lamp, or a gas burner in which the
principle of that lamp is applied.

ARGAS
Ar"gas, n.

Defn: A genus of venomous ticks which attack men and animals. The
famous Persian Argas, also called Miana bug, is A. Persicus; that of
Central America, called talaje by the natives, is A. Talaje.

ARGEAN
Ar*ge"an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the ship Argo. See Argo.

ARGENT
Ar"gent, n. Etym: [F. argent, fr. L. argentum, silver; akin to Gr.
rajata white, silver, raj to shine, Ir. arg white, milk, airgiod
silver, money, and L. arguere to make clear. See Argue.]

1. Silver, or money. [Archaic]

2. (Fig. & Poet.)

Defn: Whiteness; anything that is white.
The polished argent of her breast. Tennyson.

3. (Her.)

Defn: The white color in coats of arms, intended to represent silver,
or, figuratively, purity, innocence, beauty, or gentleness; --
represented in engraving by a plain white surface. Weale.

ARGENT
Ar"gent, a.

Defn: Made of silver; of a silvery color; white; shining.
Yonder argent fields above. Pope.

ARGENTAL
Ar*gen"tal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to silver; resembling, containing, or combined
with, silver.

ARGENTALIUM
Ar`gen*ta"li*um, n. [NL.; L. argentum silver + E. aluminium.]

Defn: A (patented) alloy of aluminium and silver, with a density of
about 2.9.

ARGENTAMINE; ARGENTAMIN
Ar*gen"ta*mine, Ar*gen"ta*min, n. [L. argentum silver + E. amine.]
(Med.)

Defn: A solution of silver phosphate in an aqueous solution of
ethylene diamine, used as an antiseptic astringent and as a
disinfectant.

ARGENTAN
Ar"gen*tan, n.

Defn: An alloy of nicked with copper and zinc; German silver.

ARGENTATE
Ar"gen*tate, a. Etym: [L. argentatus silvered.] (Bot.)

Defn: Silvery white. Gray.

ARGENTATION
Ar`gen*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. argentare to silver, fr. argentum
silver. See Argent.]

Defn: A coating or overlaying with silver. [R.] Johnson.

ARGENTIC
Ar*gen"tic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, silver; -- said of
certain compounds of silver in which this metal has its lowest
proportion; as, argentic chloride.

ARGENTIFEROUS
Ar`gen*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. argentum silver + -ferous: cf. F.
argentifère.]

Defn: Producing or containing silver; as, argentiferous lead ore or
veins.

ARGENTINE
Ar"gen*tine (; in the 2d sense, commonly ), a.

1. Pertaining to, or resembling, silver; made of, or sounding like,
silver; silvery.
Celestial Dian, goddess argentine. Shak.

2. Of or pertaining to the Argentine Republic in South America.

ARGENTINE
Ar"gen*tine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. argentin, fr. L. argentum silver.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A siliceous variety of calcite, or carbonate of lime, having a
silvery-white, pearly luster, and a waving or curved lamellar
structure.

2. White metal coated with silver. Simmonds.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of Europe (Maurolicus Pennantii) with silvery scales.
The name is also applied to various fishes of the genus Argentina.

4. A citizen of the Argentine Republic.

ARGENTITE
Ar"gen*tite, n. Etym: [L. argentum silver.] (Min.)

Defn: Sulphide of silver; -- also called vitreous silver, or silver
glance. It has a metallic luster, a lead-gray color, and is sectile
like lead.

ARGENTOUS
Ar*gen"tous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, silver; -- said of certain
silver compounds in which silver has a higher proportion than in
argentic compounds; as, argentous chloride.

ARGENTRY
Ar"gent*ry, n. Etym: [F. argenterie, fr. argent silver, L. argentum.]

Defn: Silver plate or vessels. [Obs.]
Bowls of frosted argentry. Howell.

ARGIL
Ar"gil, n. Etym: [F. argile, L. argilla white clay, akin to Gr.
Argent.] (Min.)

Defn: Clay, or potter's earth; sometimes pure clay, or alumina. See
Clay.

ARGILLACEOUS
Ar`gil*la"ceous, a. Etym: [L. argillaceus, fr. argilla.]

Defn: Of the nature of clay; consisting of, or containing, argil or
clay; clayey. Argillaceous sandstone (Geol.), a sandstone containing
much clay.
 -- Argillaceous iron ore, the clay ironstone.
 -- Argillaceous schist or state. See Argillite.

ARGILLIFEROUS
Ar`gil*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. argilla white clay + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing clay; -- applied to such earths as abound with argil.
Kirwan.

ARGILLITE
Ar"gil*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: Argillaceous schist or slate; clay slate. Its colors is bluish
or blackish gray, sometimes greenish gray, brownish red, etc.
 -- Ar`gil*lit"ic, a.

ARGILLO-AREENACEOUS
Ar*gil`lo-are`e*na"ceous, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or containing, clay and sand, as a soil.

ARGILLO-CALCAREOUS
Ar*gil`lo-cal*ca"re*ous, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or containing, clay and calcareous earth.

ARGILLO-FERRUGINOUS
Ar*gil`lo-fer*ru"gi*nous, a.

Defn: Containing clay and iron.

ARGILLOUS
Ar*gil"lous, a. Etym: [L. argillosus, fr. argilla. See Argil.]

Defn: Argillaceous; clayey. Sir T. Browne.

ARGIVE
Ar"give, a. Etym: [L. Argivus, fr. Argos, Argi.]

Defn: Of or performance to Argos, the capital of Argolis in Greece.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Argos. Often used as a generic term, equivalent to
Grecian or Greek.

ARGO
Ar"go, n. Etym: [L. Argo, Gr.

1. (Myth.)

Defn: The name of the ship which carried Jason and his fifty-four
companions to Colchis, in quest of the Golden Fleece.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A large constellation in the southern hemisphere, called also
Argo Navis. In modern astronomy it is replaced by its three
divisions, Carina, Puppis, and Vela.

ARGOAN
Ar*go"an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the ship Argo.

ARGOILE
Ar"goile, n.

Defn: Potter's clay. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ARGOL
Ar"gol, n. Etym: [Cf. Argal, Orgal. Of unknown origin.]

Defn: Crude tartar; an acidulous salt from which cream of tartar is
prepared. It exists in the juice of grapes, and is deposited from
wines on the sides of the casks. Ure.

ARGOLIC
Ar*gol"ic, a. Etym: [L. Argolicus, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to Argolis, a district in the Peloponnesus.

ARGON
Ar"gon, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance regarded as an element, contained in the atmosphere
and remarkable for its chemical inertness. Rayleigh and Ramsay.

ARGONAUT
Ar"go*naut, n. Etym: [L. Argonauta, Gr. Argo.]

1. Any one of the legendary Greek heroes who sailed with Jason, in
the Argo, in quest of the Golden Fleece.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cephalopod of the genus Argonauta.

ARGONAUTA
Ar`go*nau"ta, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Cephalopoda. The shell is called paper nautilus or
paper sailor.

Note: The animal has much resemblance to an Octopus. It has eight
arms, two of which are expanded at the end and clasp the shell, but
are never elevated in the air for sails as was formerly supposed. The
creature swims beneath the surface by means of a jet of water, like
other cephalopods. The male has no shell, and is much smaller than
the female. See Hectocotylus.

ARGONAUTIC
Ar"go*naut"ic, a. Etym: [L. Argonauticus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Argonauts.

ARGOSY
Ar"go*sy, n.; pl. Argosies. Etym: [Earlier ragusy, fr. ragusa meaning
orig. a vessel of Ragusa.]

Defn: A large ship, esp. a merchant vessel of the largest size.
Where your argosies with portly sail . . . Do overpeer the petty
traffickers. Shak.

ARGOT
Ar`got", n. Etym: [F. Of unknown origin.]

Defn: A secret language or conventional slang peculiar to thieves,
tramps, and vagabonds; flash.

ARGUABLE
Ar"gu*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being argued; admitting of debate.

ARGUE
Ar"gue, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Argued; p. pr. & vb. n. Arguing.] Etym:
[OE. arguen, F. arguer, fr. L. argutare, freq. of arguere to make
clear; from the same root as E. argent.]

1. To invent and offer reasons to support or overthrow a proposition,
opinion, or measure; to use arguments; to reason.
I argue not Against Heaven's hand or will. Milton.

2. To contend in argument; to dispute; to reason; -- followed by
with; as, you may argue with your friend without convincing him.

ARGUE
Ar"gue, v. t.

1. To debate or discuss; to treat by reasoning; as, the counsel
argued the cause before a full court; the cause was well argued.

2. To prove or evince; too manifest or exhibit by inference,
deduction, or reasoning.
So many laws argue so many sins. Milton.

3. To persuade by reasons; as, to argue a man into a different
opinion.

4. To blame; to accuse; to charge with. [Obs.]
Thoughts and expressions . . . which can be truly argued of
obscenity, profaneness, or immorality. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- to reason; evince; discuss; debate; expostulate; remonstrate;
controvert.
 -- To Argue, Dispute, Debate. These words, as here compared, suppose
a contest between two parties in respect to some point at issue. To
argue is to adduce arguments or reasons in support of one's cause or
position. To dispute is to call in question or deny the statements or
arguments of the opposing party. To debate is to strive for or
against in a somewhat formal manner by arguments.
Men of many words sometimes argue for the sake of talking; men of
ready tongues frequently dispute for the sake of victory; men in
public life often debate for the sake of opposing the ruling party,
or from any other motive than the love of truth. Crabb.
Unskilled to argue, in dispute yet loud, Bold without caution,
without honors proud. Falconer.
Betwixt the dearest friends to raise debate. Dryden.

ARGUER
Ar"gu*er, n.

Defn: One who argues; a reasoner; a disputant.

ARGUFY
Ar"gu*fy, v. t. & i. Etym: [Argue + -fy.]

1. To argue pertinaciously. [Colloq.] Halliwell.

2. To signify. [Colloq.]

ARGULUS
Ar"gu*lus, n. Etym: [NL., dim of Argus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of copepod Crustacea, parasitic of fishes; a fish
louse. See Branchiura.

ARGUMENT
Ar"gu*ment, n. Etym: [F. argument, L. argumentum, fr. arguere to
argue.]

1. Proof; evidence. [Obs.]
There is.. no more palpable and convincing argument of the existence
of a Deity. Ray.
Why, then, is it made a badge of wit and an argument of parts for a
man to commence atheist, and to cast off all belief of providence,
all awe and reverence for religion South.

2. A reason or reasons offered in proof, to induce belief, or
convince the mind; reasoning expressed in words; as, an argument
about, concerning, or regarding a proposition, for or in favor of it,
or against it.

3. A process of reasoning, or a controversy made up of rational
proofs; argumentation; discussion; disputation.
The argument is about things, but names. Locke.

4. The subject matter of a discourse, writing, or artistic
representation; theme or topic; also, an abstract or summary, as of
the contents of a book, chapter, poem.
You and love are still my argument. Shak.
The abstract or argument of the piece. Jeffrey.
[Shields] with boastful argument portrayed. Milton.

5. Matter for question; business in hand. [Obs.]
Sheathed their swords for lack of argument. Shak.

6. (Astron.)

Defn: The quantity on which another quantity in a table depends; as,
the altitude is the argument of the refraction.

7. (Math.)

Defn: The independent variable upon whose value that of a function
depends. Brande & C.

ARGUMENT
Ar"gu*ment, v. i. Etym: [L. argumentari.]

Defn: To make an argument; to argue. [Obs.] Gower.

ARGUMENTABLE
Ar`gu*men"ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. argumentabilis.]

Defn: Admitting of argument. [R.] Chalmers.

ARGUMENTAL
Ar`gu*men"tal, a. Etym: [L. argumentalis.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, argument; argumentative.

ARGUMENTATION
Ar`gu*men*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. argumentatio, from argumentari: cf.
F. argumentation.]

1. The act of forming reasons, making inductions, drawing
conclusions, and applying them to the case in discussion; the
operation of inferring propositions, not known or admitted as true,
from facts or principles known, admitted, or proved to be true.
Which manner of argumentation, how false and naught it is, . . .
every man that hath with perceiveth. Tyndale.

2. Debate; discussion.

Syn.
 -- Reasoning; discussion; controversy. See Reasoning.

ARGUMENTATIVE
Ar`gu*men"ta*tive, a.

1. Consisting of, or characterized by, argument; containing a process
of reasoning; as, an argumentative discourse.

2. Adductive as proof; indicative; as, the adaptation of things to
their uses is argumentative of infinite wisdom in the Creator. [Obs.]

3. Given to argument; characterized by argument; disputatious; as, an
argumentative writer. --Ar`gu*men"ta*tive*ly, adv.
 -- Ar`gu*men"ta*tive*ness, n.

ARGUMENTIZE
Ar"gu*men*tize, v. i.

Defn: To argue or discuss. [Obs.] Wood.

ARGUS
Ar"gus, n. Etym: [L. Argus, Gr.

1. (Myth.)

Defn: A fabulous being of antiquity, said to have had a hundred eyes,
who has placed by Juno to guard Io. His eyes were transplanted to the
peacock's tail.

2. One very vigilant; a guardian always watchful.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of East Indian pheasants. The common species (A.
giganteus) is remarkable for the great length and beauty of the wing
and tail feathers of the male. The species A. Grayi inhabits Borneo.

ARGUS-EYED
Ar"gus-eyed, a.

Defn: Extremely observant; watchful; sharp-sighted.

ARGUS SHELL
Ar"gus shell` . (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of shell (Cypræa argus), beautifully variegated with
spots resembling those in a peacock's tail.

ARGUTATION
Ar`gu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. argutatio. See Argue.]

Defn: Caviling; subtle disputation. [Obs.]

ARGUTE
Ar*gute", a. Etym: [L. argutus, p. p. of arguere. See Argue.]

1. Sharp; shrill. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. Sagacious; acute; subtle; shrewd.
The active preacher . . . the argue schoolman. Milman.

ARGUTELY
Ar*gute"ly, adv.

Defn: In a subtle; shrewdly.

ARGUTENESS
Ar*gute"ness, n.

Defn: Acuteness. Dryden.

ARHIZAL; ARHIZOUS; ARHYTHMIC; ARHYTHMOUS
A*rhi"zal, A*rhi"zous, A*rhyth"*mic, A*rhyth"mous, a.

Defn: See Arrhizal, Arrhizous, Arrhythmic, Arrhythmous.

ARIA
A"ri*a, n. Etym: [It., fr. L. aër. See Air.] (Mus.)

Defn: An air or song; a melody; a tune.

Note: The Italian term is now mostly used for the more elaborate
accompanied melodies sung by a single voice, in operas, oratorios,
cantatas, anthems, etc., and not so much for simple airs or tunes.

ARIAN
Ar"ian, a. & n. (Ethnol.)

Defn: See Aryan.

ARIAN
A"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. Arianus.]

Defn: Pertaining to Arius, a presbyter of the church of Alexandria,
in the fourth century, or to the doctrines of Arius, who held Christ
to be inferior to God the Father in nature and dignity, though the
first and noblest of all created beings.
 -- n.

Defn: One who adheres to or believes the doctrines of Arius. Mosheim.

ARIANISM
A"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrines of the Arians.

ARIANIZE
A"ri*an*ize, v. i.

Defn: To admit or accept the tenets of the Arians; to become an
Arian.

ARIANIZE
A"ri*an*ize, v. t.

Defn: To convert to Arianism.

ARICINE
Ar"i*cine, n. Etym: [From Arica, in Chile.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid, first found in white cinchona bark.

ARID
Ar"id, a. Etym: [L. aridus, fr. arere to be dry: cf. F. aride.]

Defn: Exhausted of moisture; parched with heat; dry; barren. "An arid
waste." Thomson.

ARIDITY
A*rid"i*ty, n.; pl. Aridities. Etym: [L. ariditas, fr. aridus.]

1. The state or quality of being arid or without moisture; dryness.

2. Fig.: Want of interest of feeling; insensibility; dryness of style
or feeling; spiritual drought. Norris.

ARIDNESS
Ar"id*ness, n.

Defn: Aridity; dryness.

ARIEL; ARIEL GAZELLE
A"ri*el, n., or; A"ri*el ga*zelle". Etym: [Ar. aryil, ayyil, stag.]
(Zoöl.) A)

Defn: A variety of the gazelle (Antilope, or Gazella, dorcas), found
in Arabia and adjacent countries. (b) A squirrel-like Australian
marsupial, a species of Petaurus. (c) A beautiful Brazilian toucan
Ramphastos ariel).

ARIES
A"ri*es, n. Etym: [L.]

1. (Astron.)
(a) The Ram; the first of the twelve signs in the zodiac, which the
sun enters at the vernal equinox, about the 21st of March.
(b) A constellation west of Taurus, drawn on the celestial globe in
the figure of a ram.

2. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A battering-ram.

ARIETATE
Ar"i*e*tate, v. i. Etym: [L. arietatus, p. p. of arietare, fr. aries
ram.]

Defn: To butt, as a ram. [Obs.]

ARIETATION
Ar`i*e*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. arietatio.]

1. The act of butting like a ram; act of using a battering-ram.
[Obs.] Bacon.

2. Act of striking or conflicting. [R.] Glanvill.

ARIETTA; ARIETTE
A`ri*et"ta, Ar`i*ette", n. Etym: [It. arietta, dim. of aria; F.
ariette.] (Mus.)

Defn: A short aria, or air. "A military ariette." Sir W. Scott.

ARIGHT
A*right", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + right.]

Defn: Rightly; correctly; in a right way or form; without mistake or
crime; as, to worship God aright.

ARIL; ARILLUS
Ar"il, A*ril"lus, n. Etym: [From LL. arilli dry grapes, perh. fr. L.
aridus dry: cf. F,. arille.] (Bot.)

Defn: A exterior covering, forming a false coat or appendage to a
seed, as the loose, transparent bag inclosing the seed or the white
water lily. The mace of the nutmeg is also an aril. Gray.

ARILLATE; ARILLATED; ARILED
Ar"il*late. Ar"il*la`ted, Ar"iled, a. Etym: [Cf. NL. arillatus, F.
arillé.]

Defn: Having an aril.

ARILLODE
Ar"il*lode, n.  [Arillus + Gr.  form.] (Bot.)

Defn: A false aril; an aril originating from the micropyle instead of
from the funicle or chalaza of the ovule. The mace of the nutmeg is
an arillode.

ARIMAN
A"ri*man, n.

Defn: See Ahriman.

ARIOLATION
Ar`i*o*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. ariolatio, hariolatio, fr. hariolari to
prophesy, fr. hariolus soothsayer.]

Defn: A soothsaying; a foretelling. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ARIOSE
Ar"i*ose, a. Etym: [It. arioso, fr. aria.]

Defn: Characterized by melody, as distinguished from harmony.
Mendelssohn wants the ariose beauty of Handel; vocal melody is not
his forte; the interest of his airs harmonic. Foreign Quart. Rev.

ARIOSO
A`ri*o"so, adv. & a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: In the smooth and melodious style of an air; ariose.

ARISE
A*rise", v. i. [imp. Arose; p. pr. & vb. n. Arising; p. p. Arisen.].
Etym: [AS. arisan; a (equiv. to Goth. us-, ur-, G. er-, orig. meaning
out) + risan to rise; cf. Goth. urreisan to arise. See Rise.]

1. To come up from a lower to a higher position; to come above the
horizon; to come up from one's bed or place of repose; to mount; to
ascend; to rise; as, to arise from a kneeling posture; a cloud arose;
the sun ariseth; he arose early in the morning.

2. To spring up; to come into action, being, or notice; to become
operative, sensible, or visible; to begin to act a part; to present
itself; as, the waves of the sea arose; a persecution arose; the
wrath of the king shall arise.
There arose up a new king . . . which knew not Joseph. Ex. i. 8.
The doubts that in his heart arose. Milton.

3. To proceed; to issue; to spring.
Whence haply mention may arise Of something not unseasonable to ask.
Milton.

ARISE
A*rise", n.

Defn: Rising. [Obs.] Drayton.

ARIST
A*rist", 3d sing. pres.

Defn: of Arise, for ariseth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ARISTA
A*ris"ta, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: An awn. Gray.

ARISTARCH
Ar"is*tarch, n. Etym: [From Aristarchus, a Greek grammarian and
critic, of Alexandria, about 200 b. c.]

Defn: A severe critic. Knowles.

ARISTARCHIAN
Ar`is*tar"chi*an, a.

Defn: Severely critical.

ARISTARCHY
Ar"is*tar`chy, n.

Defn: Severely criticism.

ARISTARCHY
Ar"is*tar`chy, n.

Defn: Severe criticism. [Obs.] Sir J. Harrington.

ARISTATE
A*ris"tate, a. Etym: [L. aristatus, fr. arista. See Arista.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a pointed, beardlike process, as the glumes of wheat;
awned. Gray.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a slender, sharp, or spinelike tip.

ARISTOCRACY
Ar`is*toc"ra*cy, n.; pl. Aristocracies. Etym: [Gr. arm, and orig.
meant fitting: cf. F. aristocratie. See Arm, and Create, which is
related to Gr.

1. Government by the best citizens.

2. A ruling body composed of the best citizens. [Obs.]
In the Senate Right not our quest in this, I will protest them To all
the world, no aristocracy. B. Jonson.

3. A form a government, in which the supreme power is vested in the
principal persons of a state, or in a privileged order; an oligarchy.
The aristocracy of Venice hath admitted so many abuses, trough the
degeneracy of the nobles, that the period of its duration seems
approach. Swift.

4. The nobles or chief persons in a state; a privileged class or
patrician order; (in a popular use) those who are regarded as
superior to the rest of the community, as in rank, fortune, or
intellect.

ARISTOCRAT
A*ris"to*crat, n. Etym: [F. aristocrate. See Aristocracy.]

1. One of the aristocracy or people of rank in a community; one of a
ruling class; a noble.

2. One who is overbearing in his temper or habits; a proud or haughty
person.
A born aristocrat, bred radical. Mrs. Browning.

3. One who favors an aristocracy as a form of government, or believes
the aristocracy should govern.
His whole family are accused of being aristocrats. Romilly.

ARISTOCRATIC; ARISTOCRATICAL
Ar`is*to*crat"ic, Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. aristocratique.]

1. Of or pertaining to an aristocracy; consisting in, or favoring, a
government of nobles, or principal men; as, an aristocratic
constitution.

2. Partaking of aristocracy; befitting aristocracy; characteristic
of, or originating with, the aristocracy; as, an aristocratic
measure; aristocratic pride or manners.
 -- Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al*ness, n.

ARISTOCRATISM
Ar"is*to*crat`ism, n.

1. The principles of aristocrats. Romilly.

2. Aristocrats, collectively. [R.]

ARISTOLOGY
Ar`is*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of dining. Quart. Rev.

ARISTOPHANIC
Ar`is*to*phan"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Aristophanes, the Athenian comic poet.

ARISTOTELIAN
Ar`is*to*te"li*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Aristotle, the famous Greek philosopher
(384-322 b. c.).
 -- n.

Defn: A follower of Aristotle; a Peripatetic. See Peripatetic.

ARISTOTELIANISM
Ar`is*to*te"li*an*ism.

Defn: The philosophy of Aristotle, otherwise called the Peripatetic
philosophy.

ARISTOTELIC
Ar`is*to*tel"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Aristotle or to his philosophy. "Aristotelic
usage." Sir W. Hamilton.

ARISTOTLE'S LANTERN
Ar"is*to`tle's lan"tern. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The five united jaws and accessory ossicles of certain sea
urchins.

ARISTOTYPE
A*ris"to*type`, n. [Gr.  best + -type.] (Photog.)

Defn: Orig., a printing-out process using paper coated with silver
chloride in gelatin; now, any such process using silver salts in
either collodion or gelatin; also, a print so made.

ARISTULATE
A*ris"tu*late, a. Etym: [Dim. fr. arista.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining a short beard or awn. Gray.

ARITHMANCY
Ar"ith*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by means of numbers.

ARITHMETIC
A*rith"me*tic, n. Etym: [OE. arsmetike, OF. arismetique, L.
arithmetica, fr. Gr. arm, the idea of counting coming from that of
fitting, attaching. See Arm. The modern Eng. and French forms are
accommodated to the Greek.]

1. The science of numbers; the art of computation by figures.

2. A book containing the principles of this science. Arithmetic of
sines, trigonometry.
 -- Political arithmetic, the application of the science of numbers
to problems in civil government, political economy, and social
science.
 -- Universal arithmetic, the name given by Sir Isaac Newton to
algebra.

ARITHMETICAL
Ar`ith*met"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to arithmetic; according to the rules or
method of arithmetic. Arithmetical complement of a logarithm. See
Logarithm.
 -- Arithmetical mean. See Mean.
 -- Arithmetical progression. See Progression.
 -- Arithmetical proportion. See Proportion.

ARITHMETICALLY
Ar`ith*met"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Conformably to the principles or methods of arithmetic.

ARITHMETICIAN
A*rith`me*ti"cian, n. Etym: [Cf. F. arithméticien.]

Defn: One skilled in arithmetic.

ARITHMOMANCY
A*rith"mo*man"cy, n.

Defn: Arithmancy.

ARITHMOMETER
Ar`ith*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. arithmomètre.]

Defn: A calculating machine.

ARK
Ark, n. Etym: [OE. ark, arke, arche, AS. arc, earc, earce, fr. L.
arca, fr. arcere to inclose, keep off; akin to Gr.

1. A chest, or coffer. [Obs.]
Bearing that precious relic in an ark. Spenser.

2. (Jewish Hist.)

Defn: The oblong chest of acacia wood, overlaid with gold, which
supported the mercy seat with its golden cherubs, and occupied the
most sacred place in the sanctuary. In it Moses placed the two tables
of stone containing the ten commandments. Called also the Ark of the
Covenant.

3. The large, chestlike vessel in which Noah and his family were
preserved during the Deluge. Gen. vi. Hence: Any place of refuge.

4. A large flatboat used on Western American rivers to transport
produce to market.

ARKITE
Ark"ite, a.

Defn: Belonging to the ark. [R.] Faber.

ARKOSE
Ar*kose", n. [F] (Petrog)

Defn: A sandstone derived from the disintegration of granite or
gneiss, and characterized by feldspar fragments. -- Ar*kos"ic (#), a.

ARK SHELL
Ark" shell`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine bivalve shell belonging to the genus Arca and its
allies.

ARLES
Arles, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. F. arrhes, Scot. airles. Cf. Earles penny.]

Defn: An earnest; earnest money; money paid to bind a bargain.
[Scot.] Arles penny, earnest money given to servants. Kersey.

ARM
Arm, n. Etym: [AS. arm, earm; akin to OHG. aram, G., D., Dan., & Sw.
arm, Icel. armr, Goth. arms, L. armus arm, shoulder, and prob. to Gr.
rame. Art, Article.]

1. The limb of the human body which extends from the shoulder to the
hand; also, the corresponding limb of a monkey.

2. Anything resembling an arm; as,
(a) The fore limb of an animal, as of a bear.
(b) A limb, or locomotive or prehensile organ, of an invertebrate
animal.
(c) A branch of a tree.
(d) A slender part of an instrument or machine, projecting from a
trunk, axis, or fulcrum; as, the arm of a steelyard.
(e) (Naut) The end of a yard; also, the part of an anchor which ends
in the fluke.
(f) An inlet of water from the sea.
(g) A support for the elbow, at the side of a chair, the end of a
sofa, etc.

3. Fig.: Power; might; strength; support; as, the secular arm; the
arm of the law.
To whom is the arm of the Lord revealed Isa. lii. 1.
Arm's end, the end of the arm; a good distance off. Dryden.
 -- Arm's length, the length of the arm.
 -- Arm's reach, reach of the arm; the distance the arm can reach.
 -- To go (or walk) arm in arm, to go with the arm or hand of one
linked in the arm of another. "When arm in armwe went along."
Tennyson.
 -- To keep at arm's length, to keep at a distance (literally or
figuratively); not to allow to come into close contact or familiar
intercourse.
 -- To work at arm's length, to work disadvantageously.

ARM
Arm, n. Etym: [See Arms.] (Mil.)
(a) A branch of the military service; as, the cavalry arm was made
efficient.
(b) A weapon of offense or defense; an instrument of warfare; --
commonly in the pl.

ARM
Arm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Armed; p. pr. & vb. n. Arming.] Etym: [OE.
armen, F. armer, fr. L. armare, fr. arma, pl., arms. See arms.]

1. To take by the arm; to take up in one's arms. [Obs.]
And make him with our pikes and partisans A grave: come, arm him.
Shak.
Arm your prize; I know you will not lose him. Two N. Kins.

2. To furnish with arms or limbs. [R.]
His shoulders broad and strong, Armed long and round. Beau. & Fl.

3. To furnish or equip with weapons of offense or defense; as, to arm
soldiers; to arm the country.
Abram . . . armed his trained servants. Gen. xiv. 14.

4. To cover or furnish with a plate, or with whatever will add
strength, force, security, or efficiency; as, to arm the hit of a
sword; to arm a hook in angling.

5. Fig.: To furnish with means of defense; to prepare for resistance;
to fortify, in a moral sense.
Arm yourselves . . . with the same mind. 1 Pet. iv. 1.
To arm a magnet, to fit it with an armature.

ARM
Arm, v. i.

Defn: To provide one's self with arms, weapons, or means of attack or
resistance; to take arms. " 'Tis time to arm." Shak.

ARMADA
Ar*ma"da, n. Etym: [Sp. armada, L. as if armata (sc. classic fleet),
fr. armatus, p. p. of armare. See Arm, v. t. Army.]

Defn: A fleet of armed ships; a squadron. Specifically, the Spanish
fleet which was sent to assail England, a. d. 1558.

ARMADILLO
Ar`ma*dil"lo, n.; pl. Armadillos. Etym: [Sp. armadillo, dim. of
armado armed, p. p. of armar to arm. Do called from being armed with
a bony shell.] (Zoöl.)
(a) Any edentate animal if the family Dasypidæ, peculiar to America.
The body and head are incased in an armor composed of small bony
plates. The armadillos burrow in the earth, seldom going abroad
except at night. When attacked, they curl up into a ball, presenting
the armor on all sides. Their flesh is good food. There are several
species, one of which (the peba) is found as far north as Texas. See
Peba, Poyou, Tatouay.
(b) A genus of small isopod Crustacea that can roll themselves into a
ball.

ARMADO
Ar*ma"do, n.

Defn: Armada. [Obs.]

ARMAMENT
Ar"ma*ment, n. Etym: [L. armamenta, pl., utensils, esp. the tackle of
a ship, fr. armare to arm: cf. LL. armamentum, F. armement.]

1. A body of forces equipped for war; -- used of a land or naval
force. "The whole united armament of Greece." Glover.

2. (Mil. & Nav.)

Defn: All the cannon and small arms collectively, with their
equipments, belonging to a ship or a fortification.

3. Any equipment for resistance.

ARMAMENTARY
Ar`ma*men"ta*ry, n. Etym: [L. armamentarium, fr. armamentum: cf. F.
armamentaire.]

Defn: An armory; a magazine or arsenal. [R.]

ARMATURE
Ar"ma*ture, n. Etym: [L. armatura, fr. armare to arm: cf. F.
armature. See Arm, v. t., Armor.]

1. Armor; whatever is worn or used for the protection and defense of
the body, esp. the protective outfit of some animals and plants.

2. (Magnetism)

Defn: A piece of soft iron used to connect the two poles of a magnet,
or electro-magnet, in order to complete the circuit, or to receive
and apply the magnetic force. In the ordinary horseshoe magnet, it
serves to prevent the dissipation of the magnetic force.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: Iron bars or framing employed for the consolidation of a
building, as in sustaining slender columns, holding up canopies, etc.
Oxf. Gloss.

ARMCHAIR
Arm"chair`, n.

Defn: A chair with arms to support the elbows or forearms. Tennyson.

ARMED
Armed, a.

1. Furnished with weapons of offense or defense; furnished with the
means of security or protection. "And armed host." Dryden.

2. Furnished with whatever serves to add strength, force, or
efficiency.
A distemper eminently armed from heaven. De Foe.

3. (Her.)

Defn: Having horns, beak, talons, etc; -- said of beasts and birds of
prey. Armed at all points (Blazoning), completely incased in armor,
sometimes described as armed cap-à-pie. Cussans.
 -- Armed en flute. (Naut.) See under Flute.
 -- Armed magnet, a magnet provided with an armature.
 -- Armed neutrality. See under Neutrality.

ARMENIAN
Ar*me"ni*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. Arménien, L. Armenias, fr. Armenia.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Armenia. Armenian bole, a soft clayey earth
of a bright red color found in Armenia, Tuscany, etc.
 -- Armenian stone. (a) The commercial name of lapis lazuli. (b)
Emery.

ARMENIAN
Ar*me"ni*an, n.

1. A native or one of the people of Armenia; also, the language of
the Armenians.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: An adherent of the Armenian Church, an organization similar in
some doctrines and practices to the Greek Church, in others to the
Roman Catholic.

ARMET
Arm"et, n. Etym: [F., dim. of arme arm, or corrupted for healmet
helmet.]

Defn: A kind of helmet worn in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries.

ARMFUL
Arm"ful, n.; pl. Armfulus.

Defn: As much as the arm can hold.

ARMGAUNT
Arm"gaunt`, a.

Defn: With gaunt or slender legs. "An armgaunt steed." Shak.

Note: This word is peculiar to Shakespeare. Its meaning has not yet
been satisfactorily explained.

ARM-GRET
Arm"-gret`, a.

Defn: Great as a man's arm. [Obs.]
A wreath of gold, arm-gret. Chaucer.

ARMHOLE
Arm"hole`, n. Etym: [Arm + hole.]

1. The cavity under the shoulder; the armpit. Bacon.

2. A hole for the arm in a garment.

ARMIFEROUS
Ar*mif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. armifer; arma arms + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Bearing arms or weapons. [R.]

ARMIGER
Ar"mi*ger, n. Etym: [L. armiger armor bearer; arma arms + gerere to
bear.]

Defn: Formerly, an armor bearer, as of a knight, an esquire who bore
his shield and rendered other services. In later use, one next in
degree to a knight, and entitled to armorial bearings. The term is
now superseded by esquire. Jacob.

ARMIGEROUS
Ar*mig"er*ous, a.

Defn: Bearing arms. [R.]
They belonged to the armigerous part of the population, and were
entitled to write themselves Esquire. De Quincey.

ARMIL
Ar"mil, n. Etym: [L. armilla a bracelet, fr. armus arm: cf. OF.
armille.]

1. A bracelet. [Obs.]

2. An ancient astronomical instrument.

Note: When composed of one ring placed in the plane of the equator
for determining the time of the equinoxes, it is called an
equinoctial armil; when of two or more rings, one in the plane of the
meridian, for observing the solstices, it is called a solstitial
armil. Whewell.

ARMILLA
Ar*mil"la, n.; pl. E. Armillas, L. Armillæ. Etym: [L., a bracelet.]

1. An armil.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A ring of hair or feathers on the legs.

ARMILLARY
Ar"mil*la*ry, a. Etym: [LL. armillarius, fr. L. armilla arm ring,
bracelet, fr. armus arm: cf. F. armillaire. See Arm, n.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a bracelet or ring; consisting of
rings or circles. Armillary sphere, an ancient astronomical machine
composed of an assemblage of rings, all circles of the same sphere,
designed to represent the positions of the important circles of the
celestial sphere. Nichol.

ARMING
Arm"ing, n.

1. The act of furnishing with, or taking, arms.
The arming was now universal. Macaulay.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of tallow placed in a cavity at the lower end of a
sounding lead, to bring up the sand, shells, etc., of the sea bottom.
Totten.

3. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: Red dress cloths formerly hung fore and aft outside of a ship's
upper works on holidays. Arming press (Bookbinding), a press for
stamping titles and designs on the covers of books.

ARMINIAN
Ar*min"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Arminius of his followers, or to their
doctrines. See note under Arminian, n.

ARMINIAN
Ar*min"i*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who holds the tenets of Arminius, a Dutch divine (b. 1560,
d. 1609).

Note: The Arminian doctrines are: 1. Conditional election and
reprobation, in opposition to absolute predestination. 2. Universal
redemption, or that the atonement was made by Christ for all mankind,
though none but believers can be partakers of the benefit. 3. That
man, in order to exercise true faith, must be regenerated and renewed
by the operation of the Holy Spirit, which is the gift of God. 4.
That man may resist divine grace. 5. That man may relapse from a
state of grace.

ARMINIANISM
Ar*min"i*an*ism, n.

Defn: The religious doctrines or tenets of the Arminians.

ARMIPOTENCE
Ar*mip"o*tence, n. Etym: [L. armipotentia, fr. armipotents.]

Defn: Power in arms. [R.] Johnson.

ARMIPOTENT
Ar*mip"o*tent, a. Etym: [L. armipotents; arma arms + potens powerful,
p. pr. of posse to be able.]

Defn: Powerful in arms; mighty in battle.
The temple stood of Mars armipotent. Dryden.

ARMISONANT; ARMISONOUS
Ar*mis"o*nant, Ar*mis"o*nous, a. Etym: [L. armisonus; arma arms +
sonare (p. pr. sonans) to sound.]

Defn: Rustling in arms; resounding with arms. [Obs.]

ARMISTICE
Ar"mis*tice, n. Etym: [F. armistice, fr. (an assumed word) L.
armistitium; arma arms + stare, statum (combining form, -stitum), to
stand still.]

Defn: A cessation of arms for a short time, by convention; a
temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement; a truce.

ARMLESS
Arm"less, a.

1. Without any arm or branch.

2. Destitute of arms or weapons.

ARMLET
Arm"let, n. Etym: [Arm + -let.]

1. A small arm; as, an armlet of the sea. Johnson.

2. An arm ring; a bracelet for the upper arm.

3. Armor for the arm.

ARMONIAC
Ar*mo"ni*ac, a.

Defn: Ammoniac. [Obs.]

ARMOR
Ar"mor, n. Etym: [OE. armure, fr. F. armure, OF. armeure, fr. L.
armatura. See Armature.] [Spelt also armour.]

1. Defensive arms for the body; any clothing or covering worn to
protect one's person in battle.

Note: In English statues, armor is used for the whole apparatus of
war, including offensive as well as defensive arms. The statues of
armor directed what arms every man should provide.

2. Steel or iron covering, whether of ships or forts, protecting them
from the fire of artillery. Coat armor, the escutcheon of a person or
family, with its several charges and other furniture, as mantling,
crest, supporters, motto, etc.
 -- Submarine, a water-tight dress or covering for a diver. See under
Submarine.

ARMOR-BEARER
Ar"mor-bear`er, n.

Defn: One who carries the armor or arms of another; an armiger. Judg.
ix. 54.

ARMORED
Ar"mored, a.

Defn: Clad with armor.

ARMORED CRUISER
Ar"mored cruis"er. (Nav.)

Defn: A man-of-war carrying a large coal supply, and more or less
protected from the enemy's shot by iron or steel armor. There is no
distinct and accepted classification distinguishing armored and
protected cruisers from each other, except that the first have more
or heavier armor than the second.

ARMORER
Ar"mor*er, n. Etym: [OE. armurer, armerer, fr. F. armurter, fr.
armure armor.]

1. One who makes or repairs armor or arms.

2. Formerly, one who had care of the arms and armor of a knight, and
who dressed him in armor. Shak.

3. One who has the care of arms and armor, cleans or repairs them,
etc.

ARMORIAL
Ar*mo"ri*al, a. Etym: [F. armorial, fr. armoiries arms, coats of
arms, for armoieries, fr. OF. armoier to paint arms, coats of arms,
fr. armes, fr. L. arma. See Arms, Armory.]

Defn: Belonging to armor, or to the heraldic arms or escutcheon of a
family.
Figures with armorial signs of race and birth. Wordsworth.
Armorial bearings. See Arms, 4.

ARMORIC; ARMORICAN
Ar*mor"ic, Ar*mor"i*can, a. Etym: [L. Armoricus, fr. Celtic ar on, at
+ mor sea.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the northwestern part of France (formerly
called Armorica, now Bretagne or Brittany), or to its people.
 -- n.

Defn: The language of the Armoricans, a Celtic dialect which has
remained to the present times.

ARMORICAN
Ar*mor"i*can, n.

Defn: A native of Armorica.

ARMORIST
Ar"mor*ist, n. Etym: [F. armoriste.]

Defn: One skilled in coat armor or heraldry. Cussans.

ARMOR-PLATED
Ar"mor-plat`ed, a.

Defn: Covered with defensive plates of metal, as a ship of war;
steel-clad.
This day will be launched . . . the first armor-plated steam frigate
in the possession of Great Britain. Times (Dec. 29, 1860).

ARMORY
Ar"mo*ry, n.; pl. Armories. Etym: [OF. armaire, armarie, F. armoire,
fr. L. armarium place for keeping arms; but confused with F.
armoiries. See Armorial, Ambry.]

1. A place where arms and instruments of war are deposited for safe
keeping.

2. Armor: defensive and offensive arms.
Celestial armory, shields, helms, and spears. Milton.

3. A manufactory of arms, as rifles, muskets, pistols, bayonets,
swords. [U.S.]

4. Ensigns armorial; armorial bearings. Spensplw.

5. That branch of hplwaldry which treats of coat armor.
The science of heraldry, or, more justly speaking, armory, which is
but one branch of heraldry, is, without doubt, of very ancient
origin. Cussans.

ARMOZEEN; ARMOZINE
Ar`mo*zeen", Ar`mo*zine", n. Etym: [armosin, armoisin.]

Defn: A thick plain silk, generally black, and used for clerical.
Simmonds.

ARMPIT
Arm"pit`, n. Etym: [Arm + pit.]

Defn: The hollow beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder; the
axilla.

ARMRACK
Arm"rack`, n.

Defn: A frame, generally vertical, for holding small arms.

ARMS
Arms, n. pl. Etym: [OE. armes, F. arme, pl. armes, fr. L. arma, pl.,
arms, orig. fittings, akin to armus shoulder, and E. arm. See Arm,
n.]

1. Instruments or weapons of offense or defense.
He lays down his arms, but not his wiles. Milton.
Three horses and three goodly suits of arms. Tennyson.

2. The deeds or exploits of war; military service or science. "Arms
and the man I sing." Dryden.

3. (Law)

Defn: Anything which a man takes in his hand in anger, to strike or
assault another with; an aggressive weapon. Cowell. Blackstone.

4. (Her.)

Defn: The ensigns armorial of a family, consisting of figures and
colors borne in shields, banners, etc., as marks of dignity and
distinction, and descending from father to son.

5. (Falconry)

Defn: The legs of a hawk from the thigh to the foot. Halliwell. Bred
to arms, educated to the profession of a soldier.
 -- In arms, armed for war; in a state of hostility.
 -- Small arms, portable firearms known as muskets, rifles, carbines,
pistols, etc.
 -- A stand of arms, a complete set for one soldier, as a musket,
bayonet, cartridge box and belt; frequently, the musket and bayonet
alone.
 -- To arms! a summons to war or battle.
 -- Under arms, armed and equipped and in readiness for battle, or
for a military parade. Arm's end, Arm's length, Arm's reach. See
under Arm.

ARMURE
Ar"mure, n. Etym: [F. See Armor.]

1. Armor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A variety of twilled fabric ribbed on the surface.

ARMY
Ar"my, n. Etym: [F. armée, fr. L. armata, fem. of armatus, p. p. of
armare to arm. Cf. Armada.]

1. A collection or body of men armed for war, esp. one organized in
companies, battalions, regiments, brigades, and divisions, under
proper officers.

2. A body of persons organized for the advancement of a cause; as,
the Blue Ribbon Army.

3. A great number; a vast multitude; a host.
An army of good words. Shak.
Standing army, a permanent army of professional soldiers, as
distinguished from militia or volunteers.

ARMY ORGANIZATION
Army organization.

Defn: The system by which a country raises, classifies, arranges, and
equips its armed land forces. The usual divisions are: (1) A regular
or active army, in which soldiers serve continuously with the colors
and live in barracks or cantonments when not in the field; (2) the
reserves of this army, in which the soldiers, while remaining
constantly subject to a call to the colors, live at their homes,
being summoned more or less frequently to report for instruction,
drill, or maneuvers; and (3) one or more classes of soldiers
organized largely for territorial defense, living at home and having
only occasional periods of drill and instraction, who are variously
called home reserves (as in the table below), second, third, etc.,
line of defense (the regular army and its reserves ordinarily
constituting the first line of defense), territorial forces, or the
like. In countries where conscription prevails a soldier is supposed
to serve a given number of years.  He is usually enrolled first in
the regular army, then passes to its reserve, then into the home
reserves, to serve until he reaches the age limit. It for any reason
he is not enrolled in the regular army, he may begin his service in
the army reserves or even the home reserves, but then serves the full
number of years or up to the age limit. In equipment the organization
of the army is into the three great arms of infantry, cavalry, and
artillery, together with more or less numerous other branches, such
as engineers, medical corps, etc., besides the staff organizations
such as those of the pay and subsistence departments.

ARMY WORM
Ar"my worm`. (Zoöl.)
(a) A lepidopterous insect, which in the larval state often travels
in great multitudes from field to field, destroying grass, grain, and
other crops. The common army worm of the northern United States is
Leucania unipuncta. The name is often applied to other related
species, as the cotton worm.
(b) The larva of a small two-winged fly (Sciara), which marches in
large companies, in regular order. See Cotton worm, under Cotton.

ARNA; ARNEE
Ar"na, Ar"nee, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wild buffalo of India (Bos, or Bubalus, arni), larger than
the domestic buffalo and having enormous horns.

ARNATTO
Ar*nat"to, n.

Defn: See Annotto.

ARNAUT; ARNAOUT
Ar*naut"  Ar*naout", n. [Turk. Arnaut, fr. NGr. , for .]

Defn: An inhabitant of Albania and neighboring mountainous regions,
specif. one serving as a soldier in the Turkish army.

ARNICA
Ar"ni*ca, n. Etym: [Prob. a corruption of ptarmica.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants; also, the most important species (Arnica
montana), native of the mountains of Europe, used in medicine as a
narcotic and stimulant.

Note: The tincture of arnica is applied externally as a remedy for
bruises, sprains, etc.

ARNICIN
Ar"ni*cin, n. Etym: [See Arnica.] (Chem.)

Defn: An active principle of Arnica montana. It is a bitter resin.

ARNICINE
Ar"ni*cine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid obtained from the arnica plant.

ARNOT; ARNUT
Ar"not, Ar"nut, n. Etym: [Cf. D. aardnoot, E. earthut.]

Defn: The earthnut. [Obs.]

ARNOTTO
Ar*not"to, n.

Defn: Same as Annotto.

AROID; AROIDEOUS
A"roid, A*roid"e*ous, a. Etym: [Arum + -oid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, the Arum family of plants.

AROINT
A*roint", interj. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. rynt, rynt thee, roynt, or
runt, terms used by milkmaids to a cow that has been milked, in order
to drive her away, to make room for others; AS. r to make room or
way, fr. r room. The final t is perh. for ta, for thou. Cf. Room
space.]

Defn: Stand off, or begone. [Obs.]
Aroint thee, witch, the rump-fed ronyon cries. Shak.

AROINT
A*roint", v. t.

Defn: To drive or scare off by some exclamation. [R.] "Whiskered cats
arointed flee." Mrs. Browning.

AROLLA
A*rol"la (a*rol"la), n. [F. arolle.] (Bot.)

Defn: The stone pine (Pinus Cembra).

AROMA
A*ro"ma, n. Etym: [L. aroma, Gr. aromaz, aromat, spice, F. aromate.]

1. The quality or principle of plants or other substances which
constitutes their fragrance; agreeable odor; as, the aroma of coffee.

2. Fig.: The fine diffusive quality of intellectual power; flavor;
as, the subtile aroma of genius.

AROMATIC; AROMATICAL
Ar`o*mat"ic, Ar`o*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. aromaticus, Gr. aromatique.
See Aroma.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, aroma; fragrant; spicy; strong-
scented; odoriferous; as, aromatic balsam. Aromatic compound (Chem.),
one of a large class of organic substances, as the oils of bitter
almonds, wintergreen, and turpentine, the balsams, camphors, etc.,
many of which have an aromatic odor. They include many of the most
important of the carbon compounds and may all be derived from the
benzene group, C6H6. The term is extended also to many of their
derivatives.
 -- Aromatic vinegar. See under Vinegar.

AROMATIC
Ar`o*mat"ic, n.

Defn: A plant, drug, or medicine, characterized by a fragrant smell,
and usually by a warm, pungent taste, as ginger, cinnamon spices.

AROMATIZATION
Ar`o*mat`i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. aromatisation.]

Defn: The act of impregnating or secting with aroma.

AROMATIZE
A*ro"ma*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aromatized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Aromatizing.] Etym: [L. aromatizare, Gr. aromatiser.]

Defn: To impregnate with aroma; to render aromatic; to give a spicy
scent or taste to; to perfume. Bacon.

AROMATIZER
A*ro"ma*ti`zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, aromatizes or renders aromatic. Evelyn.

AROMATOUS
A*ro"ma*tous, a.

Defn: Aromatic. [Obs.] Caxton.

AROPH
Ar"oph, n. Etym: [A contraction of aroma philosophorum.]

Defn: A barbarous word used by the old chemists to designate various
medical remedies. [Obs.]

AROSE
A*rose".

Defn: The past or preterit tense of Arise.

AROUND
A*round", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + round.]

1. In a circle; circularly; on every side; round.

2. In a circuit; here and there within the surrounding space; all
about; as, to travel around from town to town.

3. Near; in the neighborhood; as, this man was standing around when
the fight took place. [Colloq. U. S.]

Note: See Round, the shorter form, adv. & prep., which, in some of
the meanings, is more commonly used.

AROUND
A*round", prep.

1. On all sides of; encircling; encompassing; so as to make the
circuit of; about.
A lambent flame arose, which gently spread Around his brows. Dryden.

2. From one part to another of; at random through; about; on another
side of; as, to travel around the country; a house standing around
the corner. [Colloq. U. S.]

AROUSAL
A*rous"al, n.

Defn: The act of arousing, or the state of being aroused.
Whatever has associated itself with the arousal and activity of our
better nature. Hare.

AROUSE
A*rouse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aroused; p. pr. & vb. n. Arousing.]
Etym: [Pref. a- + rouse.]

Defn: To excite to action from a state of rest; to stir, or put in
motion or exertion; to rouse; to excite; as, to arouse one from
sleep; to arouse the dormant faculties.
Grasping his spear, forth issued to arouse His brother, mighty
sovereign on the host. Cowper.
No suspicion was aroused. Merivale.

AROW
A*row", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + row.]

Defn: In a row, line, or rank; successively; in order. Shak.
And twenty, rank in rank, they rode arow. Dryden.

AROYNT
A*roynt", interj.

Defn: See Aroint.

ARPEGGIO
Ar*peg"gio, n. Etym: [It., fr. arpeggiare to play on the harp, fr.
arpa harp.] (Mus.)

Defn: The production of the tones of a chord in rapid succession, as
in playing the harp, and not simultaneously; a strain thus played.

ARPENT; ARPEN
Ar"pent, Ar"pen, n. Etym: [F. arpent, fr. L. arepennis, arapennis.
According to Columella, a Gallic word for a measure equiv. to half a
Roman jugerum.]

Defn: Formerly, a measure of land in France, varying in different
parts of the country. The arpent of Paris was 4,088 sq. yards, or
nearly five sixths of an English acre. The woodland arpent was about
1 acre, 1 rood, 1 perch, English.

ARPENTATOR
Ar`pen*ta"tor, n. Etym: [See Arpent.]

Defn: The Anglicized form of the French arpenteur, a land surveyor.
[R.]

ARPINE
Ar"pine, n.

Defn: An arpent. [Obs.] Webster (1623).

ARQUATED
Ar"qua*ted, a.

Defn: Shaped like a bow; arcuate; curved. [R.]

ARQUEBUS; ARQUEBUSE
Ar"que*bus, Ar"que*buse, n. Etym: [F. arquebuse, OF. harquebuse, fr.
D. haak-bus; cf. G. hakenbüchse a gun with a hook. See Hagbut.]

Defn: A sort of hand gun or firearm a contrivance answering to a
trigger, by which the burning match was applied. The musket was a
later invention. [Written also harquebus.]

ARQUEBUSADE
Ar`que*bus*ade", n. Etym: [F. arquebusade shot of an arquebus; eau
d'arquebusade a vulnerary for gunshot wounds.]

1. The shot of an arquebus. Ash.

2. A distilled water from a variety of aromatic plants, as rosemary,
millefoil, etc.; -- originally used as a vulnerary in gunshot wounds.
Parr.

ARQUEBUSIER
Ar`que*bus*ier, n. Etym: [F. arquebusier.]

Defn: A soldier armed with an arquebus.
Soldiers armed with guns, of whatsoever sort or denomination, appear
to have been called arquebusiers. E. Lodge.

ARQUIFOUX
Ar"qui*foux, n.

Defn: Same as Alquifou.

ARRACH
Ar"rach, n.

Defn: See Orach.

ARRACK
Ar"rack, n. Etym: [Ar. araq sweat, juice, spirituous liquor, fr.
araqa to sweat. Cf. Rack arrack.]

Defn: A name in the East Indies and the Indian islands for all ardent
spirits. Arrack is often distilled from a fermented mixture of rice,
molasses, and palm wine of the cocoanut tree or the date palm, etc.

ARRAGONITE
Ar*rag"o*nite, n.

Defn: See Aragonite.

ARRAIGN
Ar*raign", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arraigned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Arraigning.] Etym: [OE. arainen, arenen, OF. aragnier, aranier,
araisnier, F. arraisonner, fr. LL. arrationare to address to call
before court; L. ad + ratio reason, reasoning, LL. cause, judgment.
See Reason.]

1. (Law)

Defn: To call or set as a prisoner at the bar of a court to answer to
the matter charged in an indictment or complaint. Blackstone.

2. To call to account, or accuse, before the bar of reason, taste, or
any other tribunal.
They will not arraign you for want of knowledge. Dryden.
It is not arrogance, but timidity, of which the Christian body should
now be arraigned by the world. I. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- To accuse; impeach; charge; censure; criminate; indict; denounce.
See Accuse.

ARRAIGN
Ar*raign", n.

Defn: Arraignment; as, the clerk of the arraigns. Blackstone.
Macaulay.

ARRAIGN
Ar*raign", v. t. Etym: [From OF. aramier, fr. LL. adhramire.] (Old
Eng. Law)

Defn: To appeal to; to demand; as, to arraign an assize of novel
disseizin.

ARRAIGNER
Ar*raign"er, n.

Defn: One who arraigns. Coleridge.

ARRAIGNMENT
Ar*raign"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. arraynement, aresnement.]

1. (Law)

Defn: The act of arraigning, or the state of being arraigned; the act
of calling and setting a prisoner before a court to answer to an
indictment or complaint.

2. A calling to an account to faults; accusation.
In the sixth satire, which seems only an Arraignment of the whole
sex, there is a latent admonition. Dryden.

ARRAIMENT; ARRAYMENT
Ar*rai"ment, Ar*ray"ment, n. Etym: [From Array, v. t.]

Defn: Clothes; raiment. [Obs.]

ARRANGE
Ar*range", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arranged; p. pr. & vb. n. Arranging.]
Etym: [OE. arayngen, OF. arengier, F. arranger, fr. a (L. ad) + OF.
rengier, rangier, F. ranger. See Range, v. t.]

1. To put in proper order; to dispose (persons, or parts) in the
manner intended, or best suited for the purpose; as, troops arranged
for battle.
So [they] came to the market place, and there he arranged his men in
the streets. Berners.
[They] were beginning to arrange their hampers. Boswell.
A mechanism previously arranged. Paley.

2. To adjust or settle; to prepare; to determine; as, to arrange the
preliminaries of an undertaking.

Syn.
 -- Adjust; adapt; range; dispose; classify.

ARRANGEMENT
Ar*range"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. arrangement.]

1. The act of arranging or putting in an orderly condition; the state
of being arranged or put in order; disposition in suitable form.

2. The manner or result of arranging; system of parts disposed in due
order; regular and systematic classification; as, arrangement of
one's dress; the Linnæan arrangement of plants.

3. Preparatory proceeding or measure; preparation; as, we have made
arrangement for receiving company.

4. Settlement; adjustment by agreement; as, the parties have made an
arrangement between themselves concerning their disputes; a
satisfactory arrangement.

5. (Mus.)
(a) The adaptation of a composition to voices or instruments for
which it was not originally written.
(b) A piece so adapted; a transcription; as, a pianoforte arrangement
of Beethoven's symphonies; an orchestral arrangement of a song, an
opera, or the like.

ARRANGER
Ar*ran"ger, n.

Defn: One who arranges. Burke.

ARRANT
Ar"rant, a. Etym: [OE. erraunt, errant, errand, equiv. to E. errant
wandering, which was first applied to vagabonds, as an errant rogue,
an errant thief, and hence passed gradually into its present and
worse sense. See Errant.]

Defn: Notoriously or preëminently bad; thorough or downright, in a
bad sense; shameless; unmitigated; as, an arrant rogue or coward.
I discover an arrant laziness in my soul. Fuller.

2. Thorough or downright, in a good sense. [Obs.]
An arrant honest woman. Burton.

ARRANTLY
Ar"rant*ly, adv.

Defn: Notoriously, in an ill sense; infamously; impudently;
shamefully. L'Estrange.

ARRAS
Ar"ras, n. Etym: [From Arras the capital of Artois, in the French
Netherlands.]

Defn: Tapestry; a rich figured fabric; especially, a screen or
hangings of heavy cloth with interwoven figures.
Stateliest couches, with rich arras spread. Cowper.
Behind the arras I'll convey myself. Shak.

ARRAS
Ar"ras, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with an arras. Chapman.

ARRASENE
Ar`ras*ene", n. Etym: [From Arras.]

Defn: A material of wool or silk used for working the figures in
embroidery.

ARRASTRE
Ar*ras"tre, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A rude apparatus for pulverizing ores, esp. those containing
free gold.

ARRASWISE; ARRASWAYS
Ar"ras*wise`, Ar"ras*ways`, adv. Etym: [Prob. a corruption of
arriswise. See Arris.]

Defn: Placed in such a position as to exhibit the top and two sides,
the corner being in front; -- said of a rectangular form. Encyc.
Brit. Cussans.

ARRAUGHT
Ar*raught". Etym: [The past tense of an old v. areach or arreach. Cf.
Reach, obs. pret. raught.]

Defn: Obtained; seized. Spenser.

ARRAY
Ar*ray", n. Etym: [OE. arai, arrai, OF. arrai, arrei, arroi, order,
arrangement, dress, F. arroi; a (L. ad) + OF. rai, rei, roi, order,
arrangement, fr. G. or Scand.; cf. Goth. raidjan, garaidjan, to
arrange, MHG. gereiten, Icel. reithi rigging, harness; akin to E.
ready. Cf. Ready, Greith, Curry.]

1. Order; a regular and imposing arrangement; disposition in regular
lines; hence, order of battle; as, drawn up in battle array.
Wedged together in the closest array. Gibbon.

2. The whole body of persons thus placed in order; an orderly
collection; hence, a body of soldiers.
A gallant array of nobles and cavaliers. Prescott.

3. An imposing series of things.
Their long array of sapphire and of gold. Byron.

4. Dress; garments disposed in order upon the person; rich or
beautiful apparel. Dryden.

5. (Law)
(a) A ranking or setting forth in order, by the proper officer, of a
jury as impaneled in a cause.
(b) The panel itself.
(c) The whole body of jurors summoned to attend the court. To
challenge the array (Law), to except to the whole panel. Cowell.
Tomlins. Blount.
 -- Commission of array (Eng. Hist.), a commission given by the
prince to officers in every county, to muster and array the
inhabitants, or see them in a condition for war. Blackstone.

ARRAY
Ar*ray", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arrayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Arraying.]
Etym: [OE. araien, arraien, fr. OE. arraier, arreier, arreer,
arroier, fr. arrai. See Array, n.]

1. To place or dispose in order, as troops for battle; to marshal.
By torch and trumpet fast arrayed, Each horseman drew his battle
blade. Campbell.
These doubts will be arrayed before their minds. Farrar.

2. To deck or dress; to adorn with dress; to cloth to envelop; --
applied esp. to dress of a splendid kind.
Pharaoh . . . arrayed him in vestures of fine linen. Gen. xli.
In gelid caves with horrid gloom arrayed. Trumbull.

3. (Law)

Defn: To set in order, as a jury, for the trial of a cause; that is,
to call them man by man. Blackstone. To array a panel, to set forth
in order the men that are impaneled. Cowell. Tomlins.

Syn.
 -- To draw up; arrange; dispose; set in order.

ARRAYER
Ar*ray"er, n.

Defn: One who arrays. In some early English statutes, applied to an
officer who had care of the soldiers' armor, and who saw them duly
accoutered.

ARREAR
Ar*rear", adv. Etym: [OE. arere, OF. arere, ariere, F. arrière, fr.
L. ad + retro backward. See Rear.]

Defn: To or in the rear; behind; backwards. [Obs.] Spenser.

ARREAR
Ar*rear", n.

Defn: That which is behind in payment, or which remains unpaid,
though due; esp. a remainder, or balance which remains due when some
part has been paid; arrearage; -- commonly used in the plural, as,
arrears of rent, wages, or taxes. Locke.
For much I dread due payment by the Greeks Of yesterday's arrear.
Cowper.
I have a large arrear of letters to write. J. D. Forbes.
In arrear or In arrears, behind; backward; behindhand; in debt.

ARREARAGE
Ar*rear"age, n. Etym: [F. arrérage, fr. arrière, OF. arere. See
Arrear.]

Defn: That which remains unpaid and overdue, after payment of a part;
arrears.
The old arrearages . . . being defrayed. Howell.

ARRECT; ARRECTED
Ar*rect", Ar*rect"ed, a. Etym: [L. arrectus, p. p. of arrigere to
raise, erect; ad + regere to lead straight, to direct.]

1. Lifted up; raised; erect.

2. Attentive, as a person listening. [Obs.]
God speaks not the idle and unconcerned hearer, but to the vigilant
and arrect. Smalridge.

ARRECT
Ar*rect", v. t.

1. To direct. [Obs.]
My supplication to you I arrect. Skelton.

2. Etym: [See Aret.]

Defn: To impute. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

ARRECTARY
Ar*rect"a*ry, n. Etym: [L. arrectarius, fr. arrigere o set up.]

Defn: An upright beam. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

ARRENOTOKOUS
Ar`re*not"o*kous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing males from unfertilized eggs, as certain wasps and
bees.

ARRENTATION
Ar`ren*ta"tion. Etym: [Cf. F. arrenter to give or take as rent. See
Arendator.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A letting or renting, esp. a license to inclose land in a
forest with a low hedge and a ditch, under a yearly rent.

ARREPTION
Ar*rep"tion, n. Etym: [L. arripere, arreptum, to seize, snatch; ad +
rapere to snatch. See Rapacious.]

Defn: The act of taking away. [Obs.] "This arreption was sudden." Bp.
Hall.

ARREPTITIOUS
Ar`rep*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. arreptitius.]

Defn: Snatched away; seized or possessed, as a demoniac; raving; mad;
crack-brained. [Obs.]
Odd, arreptitious, frantic extravagances. Howell.

ARREST
Ar*rest", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arrested; p. pr. & vb. n. Arresting.]
Etym: [OE. aresten, OF. arester, F. arrêter, fr. LL. arrestare; L. ad
+ restare to remain, stop; re + stare to stand. See Rest remainder.]

1. To stop; to check or hinder the motion or action of; as, to arrest
the current of a river; to arrest the senses.
Nor could her virtues the relentless hand Of Death arrest. Philips.

2. (Law)

Defn: To take, seize, or apprehend by authority of law; as, to arrest
one for debt, or for a crime.

Note: After his word Shakespeare uses of ("I arrest thee of high
treason") or on; the modern usage is for.

3. To seize on and fix; to hold; to catch; as, to arrest the eyes or
attention. Buckminster.

4. To rest or fasten; to fix; to concentrate. [Obs.]
We may arrest our thoughts upon the divine mercies. Jer. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- To obstruct; delay; detain; check; hinder; stop; apprehend;
seize; lay hold of.

ARREST
Ar*rest", v. i.

Defn: To tarry; to rest. [Obs.] Spenser.

ARREST
Ar*rest", n. Etym: [OE. arest, arrest, OF. arest, F. arrêt, fr.
arester. See Arrest, v. t., Arr.]

1. The act of stopping, or restraining from further motion, etc.;
stoppage; hindrance; restraint; as, an arrest of development.
As the arrest of the air showeth. Bacon.

2. (Law)

Defn: The taking or apprehending of a person by authority of law;
legal restraint; custody. Also, a decree, mandate, or warrant.
William . . . ordered him to be put under arrest. Macaulay.
[Our brother Norway] sends out arrests On Fortinbras; which he, in
brief, obeys. Shak.

Note: An arrest may be made by seizing or touching the body; but it
is sufficient in the party be within the power of the officer and
submit to the arrest. In Admiralty law, and in old English practice,
the term is applied to the seizure of property.

3. Any seizure by power, physical or moral.
The sad stories of fire from heaven, the burning of his sheep, etc.,
. . . were sad arrests to his troubled spirit. Jer. Taylor.

4. (Far.)

Defn: A scurfiness of the back part of the hind leg of a horse; --
also named rat-tails. White. Arrest of judgment (Law), the staying or
stopping of a judgment, after verdict, for legal cause. The motion
for this purpose is called a motion in arrest of judgment.

ARRESTATION
Ar`res*ta"tion, n. Etym: [F. arrestation, LL. arrestatio.]

Defn: Arrest. [R.]
The arrestation of the English resident in France was decreed by the
National Convention. H. M. Williams.

ARRESTEE
Ar`res*tee", n. Etym: [See Arrest, v.] (Scots Law)

Defn: The person in whose hands is the property attached by
arrestment.

ARRESTER
Ar*rest"er, n.

1. One who arrests.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: The person at whose suit an arrestment is made. [Also written
arrestor.]

ARRESTING
Ar*rest"ing, a.

Defn: Striking; attracting attention; impressive.
This most solemn and arresting occurrence. J. H. Newman.

ARRESTIVE
Ar*rest"ive, a.

Defn: Tending to arrest. McCosh.

ARRESTMENT
Ar*rest"ment, n. Etym: [OF. arrestement.]

1. (Scots Law)

Defn: The arrest of a person, or the seizure of his effects; esp., a
process by which money or movables in the possession of a third party
are attached.

2. A stoppage or check. Darwin.

ARRET
Ar*rêt, n. Etym: [F. See Arrest, n.] (F. Law)
(a) A judgment, decision, or decree of a court or high tribunal;
also, a decree of a sovereign.
(b) An arrest; a legal seizure.

ARRET
Ar*ret", v. t.

Defn: Same as Aret. [Obs.] Spenser.

ARRHA
Ar"rha, n.; pl. Arrhæ (#). [L. Cf. Earnest.] (Law)

Defn: Money or other valuable thing given to evidence a contract; a
pledge or earnest.

ARRHAPHOSTIC
Ar`rha*phos"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Seamless. [R.]

ARRHIZAL; ARRHIZOUS
Ar*rhi"zal, Ar*rhi"zous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of a true root, as a parasitical plant.

ARRHYTHMIC; ARRHYTHMOUS
Ar*rhyth"mic, Ar*rhyth"mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Being without rhythm or regularity, as the pulse.

ARRHYTMY
Ar"rhyt*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Want of rhythm. [R.]

ARRIDE
Ar*ride", v. t. Etym: [L. arridere; ad + ridere to laugh.]

Defn: To please; to gratify. [Archaic] B. Jonson.
Above all thy rarities, old Oxenford, what do most arride and solace
me are thy repositories of moldering learning. Lamb.

ARRIERE
Ar*riere", n. Etym: [F. arrière. See Arrear.]

Defn: "That which is behind"; the rear; -- chiefly used as an
adjective in the sense of behind, rear, subordinate. Arriere fee,
Arriere fief, a fee or fief dependent on a superior fee, or a fee
held of a feudatory.
 -- Arriere vassal, the vassal of a vassal.

ARRIERE-BAN
Ar*riere"-ban`, n. Etym: [F., fr. OE. arban, heriban, fr. OHG.
hariban, heriban, G. heerbann, the calling together of an army; OHG.
heri an army + ban a public call or order. The French have
misunderstood their old word, and have changed it into arrière-ban,
though arrière has no connection with its proper meaning. See Ban,
Abandon.]

Defn: A proclamation, as of the French kings, calling not only their
immediate feudatories, but the vassals of these feudatories, to take
the field for war; also, the body of vassals called or liable to be
called to arms, as in ancient France.

ARRIS
Ar"ris, n. Etym: [OF. areste, F. arête, fr. L. arista the top or
beard of an ear of grain, the bone of a fish.] (Arch.)

Defn: The sharp edge or salient angle formed by two surfaces meeting
each other, whether plane or curved; -- applied particularly to the
edges in moldings, and to the raised edges which separate the
flutings in a Doric column. P. Cyc. Arris fillet, a triangular piece
of wood used to raise the slates of a roof against a chimney or wall,
to throw off the rain. Gwilt.
 -- Arris gutter, a gutter of a V form fixed to the eaves of a
building. Gwilt.

ARRISH
Ar"rish, n. Etym: [See Eddish.]

Defn: The stubble of wheat or grass; a stubble field; eddish. [Eng.]
[Written also arish, ersh, etc.]
The moment we entered the stubble or arrish. Blackw. Mag.

ARRISWISE
Ar"ris*wise`, adv.

Defn: Diagonally laid, as tiles; ridgewise.

ARRIVAL
Ar*riv"al, n. Etym: [From Arrive.]

1. The act of arriving, or coming; the act of reaching a place from a
distance, whether by water (as in its original sense) or by land.
Our watchmen from the towers, with longing eyes, Expect his swift
arrival. Dryden.

2. The attainment or reaching of any object, by effort, or in natural
course; as, our arrival at this conclusion was wholly unexpected.

3. The person or thing arriving or which has arrived; as, news
brought by the last arrival.
Another arrival still more important was speedily announced.
Macaulay.

4. An approach. [Obs.]
The house has a corner arrival. H. Walpole.

ARRIVANCE
Ar*riv"ance, n.

Defn: Arrival. [Obs.] Shak.

ARRIVE
Ar*rive", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Arrived; p. pr. & vb. n. Arriving.]
Etym: [OE. ariven to arrive, land, OF. ariver, F. arriver, fr. LL.
arripare, adripare, to come to shore; L. ad + ripa the shore or
sloping bank of a river. Cf. Riparian.]

1. To come to the shore or bank. In present usage: To come in
progress by water, or by traveling on land; to reach by water or by
land; -- followed by at (formerly sometimes by to), also by in and
from. "Arrived in Padua." Shak.
[Æneas] sailing with a fleet from Sicily, arrived . . . and landed in
the country of Laurentum. Holland.
There was no outbreak till the regiment arrived at Ipswich. Macaulay.

2. To reach a point by progressive motion; to gain or compass an
object by effort, practice, study, inquiry, reasoning, or experiment.
To arrive at, or attain to.
When he arrived at manhood. Rogers.
We arrive at knowledge of a law of nature by the generalization of
facts. McCosh.
If at great things thou wouldst arrive. Milton.

3. To come; said of time; as, the time arrived.

4. To happen or occur. [Archaic]
Happy! to whom this glorious death arrives. Waller.

ARRIVE
Ar*rive", v. t.

1. To bring to shore. [Obs.]
And made the sea-trod ship arrive them. Chapman.

2. To reach; to come to. [Archaic]
Ere he arrive the happy isle. Milton.
Ere we could arrive the point proposed. Shak.
Arrive at last the blessed goal. Tennyson.

ARRIVE
Ar*rive", n.

Defn: Arrival. [Obs.] Chaucer.
How should I joy of thy arrive to hear! Drayton.

ARRIVER
Ar*riv"er, n.

Defn: One who arrives.

ARROBA
Ar*ro"ba, n. Etym: [Sp. and Pg., from Ar. arrub, ar-rubu, a fourth
part.]

1. A Spanish weight used in Mexico and South America = 25.36 lbs.
avoir.; also, an old Portuguese weight, used in Brazil = 32.38 lbs.
avoir.

2. A Spanish liquid measure for wine = 3.54 imp. gallons, and for oil
= 2.78 imp. gallons.

ARROGANCE
Ar"ro*gance, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. arrogantia, fr. arrogans. See
Arrogant.]

Defn: The act or habit of arrogating, or making undue claims in an
overbearing manner; that species of pride which consists in
exorbitant claims of rank, dignity, estimation, or power, or which
exalts the worth or importance of the person to an undue degree;
proud contempt of others; lordliness; haughtiness; self-assumption;
presumption.
I hate not you for her proud arrogance. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Haughtiness; hauteur; assumption; lordliness; presumption; pride;
disdain; insolence; conceit; conceitedness. See Haughtiness.

ARROGANCY
Ar"ro*gan*cy, n.

Defn: Arrogance. Shak.

ARROGANT
Ar"ro*gant, a. Etym: [F. arrogant, L. arrogans, p. pr. of arrogare.
See Arrogate.]

1. Making, or having the disposition to make, exorbitant claims of
rank or estimation; giving one's self an undue degree of importance;
assuming; haughty; -- applied to persons.
Arrogant Winchester, that haughty prelate. Shak.

2. Containing arrogance; marked with arrogance; proceeding from undue
claims or self-importance; -- applied to things; as, arrogant
pretensions or behavior.

Syn.
 -- Magisterial; lordly; proud; assuming; overbearing; presumptuous;
haughty. See Magisterial.

ARROGANTLY
Ar"ro*gant*ly, adv.

Defn: In an arrogant manner; with undue pride or self-importance.

ARROGANTNESS
Ar"ro*gant*ness, n.

Defn: Arrogance. [R.]

ARROGATE
Ar"ro*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arrogated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Arrogating.] Etym: [L. arrogatus, p. p. of adrogare, arrogare, to
ask, appropriate to one's self; ad + rogare to ask. See Rogation.]

Defn: To assume, or claim as one's own, unduly, proudly, or
presumptuously; to make undue claims to, from vanity or baseless
pretensions to right or merit; as, the pope arrogated dominion over
kings.
He arrogated to himself the right of deciding dogmatically what was
orthodox doctrine. Macaulay.

ARROGATION
Ar`ro*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. arrogatio, fr. arrogare. Cf. Adrogation.]

1. The act of arrogating, or making exorbitant claims; the act of
taking more than one is justly entitled to. Hall.

2. (Civ. Law)

Defn: Adoption of a person of full age.

ARROGATIVE
Ar"ro*ga*tive, a.

Defn: Making undue claims and pretension; prone to arrogance. [R.]
Dr. H. More.

ARRONDISSEMENT
Ar`ron`disse`ment", n. Etym: [F., fr. arrondir to make round; ad +
rond round, L. rotundus.]

Defn: A subdivision of a department. [France]

Note: The territory of France, since the revolution, has been divided
into departments, those into arrondissements, those into cantons, and
the latter into communes.

ARROSE
Ar*rose", v. t. Etym: [F. arroser.]

Defn: To drench; to besprinkle; to moisten. [Obs.]
The blissful dew of heaven does arrose you. Two N. Kins.

ARROSION
Ar*ro"sion, n. Etym: [L. arrodere, arrosum, to gnaw: cf. F.
arrosion.]

Defn: A gnawing. [Obs.] Bailey.

ARROW
Ar"row, n. Etym: [OE. arewe, AS. arewe, earh; akin to Icel. ör,
örvar, Goth. arhwazna, and perh. L. arcus bow. Cf. Arc.]

Defn: A missile weapon of offense, slender, pointed, and usually
feathered and barbed, to be shot from a bow. Broad arrow. (a) An
arrow with a broad head. (b) A mark placed upon British ordnance and
government stores, which bears a rude resemblance to a broad
arrowhead.

ARROW GRASS
Ar"row grass`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An herbaceous grasslike plant (Triglochin palustre, and other
species) with pods opening so as to suggest barbed arrowheads.

ARROWHEAD
Ar"row*head`, n.

1. The head of an arrow.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: An aquatic plant of the genus Sagittaria, esp. S. sagittifolia,
-- named from the shape of the leaves.

ARROWHEADED
Ar"row*head`ed, a.

Defn: Shaped like the head of an arow; cuneiform. Arrowheaded
characters, characters the elements of which consist of strokes
resembling arrowheads, nailheads, or wedges; -- hence called also
nail-headed, wedge-formed, cuneiform, or cuneatic characters; the
oldest written characters used in the country about the Tigris and
Euphrates, and subsequently in Persia, and abounding among the ruins
of Persepolis, Nineveh, and Babylon. See Cuneiform.

ARROWROOT
Ar"row*root`, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A west Indian plant of the genus Maranta, esp. M. arundinacea,
now cultivated in many hot countries. It said that the Indians used
the roots to neutralize the venom in wounds made by poisoned arrows.

2. A nutritive starch obtained from the rootstocks of Maranta
arundinacea, and used as food, esp. for children an invalids; also, a
similar starch obtained from other plants, as various species of
Maranta and Curcuma.

ARROWWOOD
Ar"row*wood`, n.

Defn: A shrub (Viburnum dentatum) growing in damp woods and thickets;
-- so called from the long, straight, slender shoots.

ARROWWORM
Ar"row*worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar transparent worm of the genus Sagitta, living at the
surface of the sea. See Sagitta.

ARROWY
Ar"row*y, a.

1. Consisting of arrows.
How quick they wheeled, and flying, behind them shot Sharp sleet of
arrowy showers. Milton.

2. Formed or moving like, or in any respect resembling, an arrow;
swift; darting; piercing. "His arrowy tongue." Cowper.
By the blue rushing of the arrowy Rhone. Byron.
With arrowy vitalities, vivacities, and ingenuities. Carlyle.

ARROYO
Ar*roy"o, n.; pl Arroyos. Etym: [Sp., fr. LL. arrogium; cf. Gr.

1. A water course; a rivulet.

2. The dry bed of a small stream. [Western U. S.]

ARSCHIN
Ar"schin, n.

Defn: See Arshine.

ARSE
Arse, n. Etym: [AS. ears; ærs; akin to OHG. ars. G. arsch, D. aars,
Sw. ars, Dan. arts, Gr.

Defn: The buttocks, or hind part of an animal; the posteriors; the
fundament; the bottom.

ARSENAL
Ar"se*nal, n. Etym: [Sp. & F. arsenal arsenal, dockyard, or It.
arzanale, arsenale (cf. It. & darsena dock); all fr. Ar. dar house of
industry or fabrication; dar house + art, industry.]

Defn: A public establishment for the storage, or for the manufacture
and storage, of arms and all military equipments, whether for land or
naval service.

ARSENATE
Ar"se*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of arsenic acid.

ARSENIATE
Ar*se"ni*ate, n.

Defn: See Arsenate. [R.]

ARSENIC
Ar"se*nic, n. Etym: [L. arsenicum, Gr. zernikh: cf. F. arsenic.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: One of the elements, a solid substance resembling a metal in
its physical properties, but in its chemical relations ranking with
the nonmetals. It is of a steel-gray color and brilliant luster,
though usually dull from tarnish. It is very brittle, and sublimes at
356º Fahrenheit. It is sometimes found native, but usually combined
with silver, cobalt, nickel, iron, antimony, or sulphur. Orpiment and
realgar are two of its sulphur compounds, the first of which is the
true arsenticum of the ancients. The element and its compounds are
active poisons. Specific gravity from 5.7 to 5.9. Atomic weight.
Symbol As.

2. (Com.)

Defn: Arsenious oxide or arsenious anhydride; -- called also
arsenious acid, white arsenic, and ratsbane.

ARSENIC
Ar*sen"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, arsenic; -- said of those
compounds of arsenic in which this element has its highest
equivalence; as, arsenic acid.

ARSENICAL
Ar*sen"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or containing, arsenic; as, arsenical
vapor; arsenical wall papers. Arsenical silver, an ore of silver
containing arsenic.

ARSENICATE
Ar*sen"i*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arsenicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Arsenicating.]

Defn: To combine with arsenic; to treat or impregnate with arsenic.

ARSENICISM
Ar*sen"i*cism, n. (Med.)

Defn: A diseased condition produced by slow poisoning with arsenic.

ARSENIDE
Ar"sen*ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of arsenic with a metal, or positive element or
radical; -- formerly called arseniuret.

ARSENIFEROUS
Ar`sen*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Arsenic + -ferous.]

Defn: Containing or producing arsenic.

ARSENIOUS
Ar*se"ni*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. arsénieux.]

1. Pertaining to, consisting of, or containing, arsenic; as,
arsenious powder or glass.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, arsenic, when having an
equivalence next lower than the highest; as, arsenious acid.

ARSENITE
Ar"sen*ite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. arsénite.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt formed by the union of arsenious acid with a base.

ARSENIURET
Ar`se*ni"u*ret, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Arsenide.

ARSENIURETED
Ar`se*ni"u*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined with arsenic; -- said some elementary substances or
radicals; as, arseniureted hydrogen. [Also spelt arseniuretted.]

ARSENOPYRITE
Ar`sen*o*pyr"ite, n. Etym: [Arsenic + pyrite.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a tin-white color and metallic luster, containing
arsenic, sulphur, and iron; -- also called arsenical pyrites and
mispickel.

ARSESMART
Arse"smart, n.

Defn: Smartweed; water pepper. Dr. Prior.

ARSHINE
Ar"shine, n. Etym: [Russ. arshin, of Turkish-Tartar origin; Turk.
arshin, arshun, ell, yard.]

Defn: A Russian measure of length = 2 ft. 4.246 inches.

ARSINE
Ar"sine, n. Etym: [From Arsenic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of arsenic and hydrogen, AsH3, a colorless and
exceedingly poisonous gas, having and odor like garlic; arseniureted
hydrogen.

ARSIS
Ar"sis, n. Etym: [L. arsis, Gr. lifting of the hand in beating time,
and hence the unaccented part of the rhythm.]

1. (Pros.)
(a) That part of a foot where the ictus is put, or which is
distinguished from the rest (known as the thesis) of the foot by a
greater stress of voice. Hermann.
(b) That elevation of voice now called metrical accentuation, or the
rhythmic accent.

Note: It is uncertain whether the arsis originally consisted in a
higher musical tone, greater volume, or longer duration of sound, or
in all combined.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The elevation of the hand, or that part of the bar at which it
is raised, in beating time; the weak or unaccented part of the bar; -
- opposed to thesis. Moore.

ARSMETRIKE
Ars`met"rike, n. Etym: [An erroneous form of arithmetic, as if from
L. ars metrica the measuring art.]

Defn: Arithmetic. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ARSON
Ar"son, n. Etym: [OF. arson, arsun, fr. L. ardere, arsum, to burn.]
(Law)

Defn: The malicious burning of a dwelling house or outhouse of
another man, which by the common law is felony; the malicious and
voluntary firing of a building or ship. Wharton.

Note: The definition of this crime is varied by statues in different
countries and states. The English law of arson has been considerably
modified in the United States; in some of the States it has been
materially enlarged, while in others, various degrees of arson have
been established, with corresponding punishment. Burrill.

ART
Art.

Defn: The second person singular, indicative mode, present tense, of
the substantive verb Be; but formed after the analogy of the plural
are, with the ending -t, as in thou shalt, wilt, orig. an ending of
the second person sing. pret. Cf. Be. Now used only in solemn or
poetical style.

ART
Art, n. Etym: [F. art, L. ars, artis, orig., skill in joining or
fitting; prob. akin to E. arm, aristocrat, article.]

1. The employment of means to accomplish some desired end; the
adaptation of things in the natural world to the uses of life; the
application of knowledge or power to practical purposes.
Blest with each grace of nature and of art. Pope.

2. A system of rules serving to facilitate the performance of certain
actions; a system of principles and rules for attaining a desired
end; method of doing well some special work; -- often
contradistinguished from science or speculative principles; as, the
art of building or engraving; the art of war; the art of navigation.
Science is systematized knowledge . . . Art is knowledge made
efficient by skill. J. F. Genung.

3. The systematic application of knowledge or skill in effecting a
desired result. Also, an occupation or business requiring such
knowledge or skill.
The fishermen can't employ their art with so much success in so
troubled a sea. Addison.

4. The application of skill to the production of the beautiful by
imitation or design, or an occupation in which skill is so employed,
as in painting and sculpture; one of the fine arts; as, he prefers
art to literature.

5. pl.

Defn: Those branches of learning which are taught in the academical
course of colleges; as, master of arts.
In fearless youth we tempt the heights of arts. Pope.
Four years spent in the arts (as they are called in colleges) is,
perhaps, laying too laborious a foundation. Goldsmith.

6. Learning; study; applied knowledge, science, or letters. [Archaic]
So vast is art, so narrow human wit. Pope.

7. Skill, dexterity, or the power of performing certain actions,
asquired by experience, study, or observation; knack; a, a man has
the art of managing his business to advantage.

8. Skillful plan; device.
They employed every art to soothe . . . the discontented warriors.
Macaulay.

9. Cunning; artifice; craft.
Madam, I swear I use no art at all. Shak.
Animals practice art when opposed to their superiors in strength.
Crabb.

10
10

Defn: To black art; magic. [Obs.] Shak. Art and part (Scots Law),
share or concern by aiding and abetting a criminal in the
perpetration of a crime, whether by advice or by assistance in the
execution; complicity.

Note: The arts are divided into various classes. The useful,
mechanical, or industrial arts are those in which the hands and body
are concerned than the mind; as in making clothes and utensils. These
are called trades. The fine arts are those which have primarily to do
with imagination taste, and are applied to the production of what is
beautiful. They include poetry, music, painting, engraving,
sculpture, and architecture; but the term is often confined to
painting, sculpture, and architecture. The liberal arts (artes
liberales, the higher arts, which, among the Romans, only freemen
were permitted to pursue) were, in the Middle Ages, these seven
branches of learning, -- grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic,
geometry, music, and astronomy. In modern times the liberal arts
include the sciences, philosophy, history, etc., which compose the
course of academical or collegiate education. Hence, degrees in the
arts; master and bachelor of arts.
In America, literature and the elegant arts must grow up side by side
with the coarser plants of daily necessity. Irving.

Syn.
 -- Science; literature; aptitude; readiness; skill; dexterity;
adroitness; contrivance; profession; business; trade; calling;
cunning; artifice; duplicity. See Science.

ARTEMIA
Ar*te"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of phyllopod Crustacea found in salt lakes and brines;
the brine shrimp. See Brine shrimp.

ARTEMISIA
Ar`te*mi"si*a, n. Etym: [L. Artemisia, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including the plants called mugwort,
southernwood, and wormwood. Of these A. absinthium, or common
wormwood, is well known, and A. tridentata is the sage brush of the
Rocky Mountain region.

ARTERIAC
Ar*te"ri*ac, a. Etym: [L. arteriacus, Gr. Artery.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the windpipe.

ARTERIAL
Ar*te"ri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. artériel.]

1. Of or pertaining to an artery, or the arteries; as, arterial
action; the arterial system.

2. Of or pertaining to a main channel (resembling an artery), as a
river, canal, or railroad. Arterial blood, blood which has been
changed and vitalized (arterialized) during passage through the
lungs.

ARTERIALIZATION
Ar*te`ri*al*i*za"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The process of converting venous blood into arterial blood
during its passage through the lungs, oxygen being absorbed and
carbonic acid evolved; -- called also aëration and hematosis.

ARTERIALIZE
Ar*te"ri*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arterialized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Arterializing.]

Defn: To transform, as the venous blood, into arterial blood by
exposure to oxygen in the lungs; to make arterial.

ARTERIOGRAPHY
Ar*te`ri*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A systematic description of the arteries.

ARTERIOLE
Ar*te"ri*ole, n. Etym: [NL. arteriola, dim. of L. arteria: cf. F.
artériole.]

Defn: A small artery.

ARTERIOLOGY
Ar*te`ri*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: That part of anatomy which treats of arteries.

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
Ar*te`ri*o*scle*ro"sis (är*te`ri*o*skle*ro"sis), n. [Gr. 'arthri`a
artery + sclerosis.] (Med.)

Defn: Abnormal thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries,
esp. of the intima, occurring mostly in old age. --
Ar*te`ri*o*scle*rot"ic (#), a.

ARTERIOTOMY
Ar*te`ri*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [L. arteriotomia, Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: The opening of an artery, esp. for bloodletting.

2. That part of anatomy which treats of the dissection of the
arteries.

ARTERITIS
Ar`te*ri"tis, n. Etym: [Artery + -etis.]

Defn: Inflammation of an artery or arteries. Dunglison.

ARTERY
Ar"ter*y, n.; pl. Artplwies. Etym: [L. arteria windpipe, artery, Gr.

1. The trachea or windpipe. [Obs.] "Under the artery, or windpipe, is
the mouth of the stomach." Holland.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the vessels or tubes which carry either venous or
arterial blood from the heart. They have tricker and more muscular
walls than veins, and are connected with them by capillaries.

Note: In man and other mammals, the arteries which contain
arterialized blood receive it from the left ventricle of the heart
through the aorta. See Aorta. The pulmonary artery conveys the venous
blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, whence the arterialized
blood is returned through the pulmonary veins.

3. Hence: Any continuous or ramified channel of communication; as,
arteries of trade or commerce.

ARTESIAN
Ar*te"sian, a. Etym: [F. artésien, fr. Artois in France, where many
such wells have been made since the middle of the last century.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Artois (anciently called Artesium), in
France. Artesian wells, wells made by boring into the earth till the
instrument reaches water, which, from internal pressure, flows
spontaneously like a fountain. They are usually of small diameter and
often of great depth.

ARTFUL
Art"ful, a. Etym: [From Art.]

1. Performed with, or characterized by, art or skill. [Archaic]
"Artful strains." "Artful terms." Milton.

2. Artificial; imitative. Addison.

3. Using or exhibiting much art, skill, or contrivance; dexterous;
skillful.
He [was] too artful a writer to set down events in exact historical
order. Dryden.

4. Cunning; disposed to cunning indirectness of dealing; crafty; as,
an artful boy. [The usual sense.]
Artful in speech, in action, and in mind. Pope.
The artful revenge of various animals. Darwin.

Syn.
 -- Cunning; skillful; adroit; dexterous; crafty; tricky; deceitful;
designing. See Cunning.

ARTFULLY
Art"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In an artful manner; with art or cunning; skillfully;
dexterously; craftily.

ARTFULNESS
Art"ful*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being artful; art; cunning; craft.

ARTHEN
Ar"then, a.

Defn: Same as Earthen. [Obs.] "An arthen pot." Holland.

ARTHRITIC; ARTHRITICAL
Ar*thrit"ic, Ar*thrit"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. arthriticus, Gr.
Arthritis.]

1. Pertaining to the joints. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. Of or pertaining to arthritis; gouty. Cowper.

ARTHRITIS
Ar*thri"tis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Any inflammation of the joints, particularly the gout.

ARTHROCHONDRITIS
Ar`thro*chon*dri"tis, n. [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Chondritis of a joint.

ARTHRODERM
Ar"thro*derm, n. Etym: [Gr. 'derm.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The external covering of an Arthropod.

ARTHRODESIS
Ar*throd"e*sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  joint +  a binding together.]
(Surg.)

Defn: Surgical fixation of joints.

ARTHRODIA
Ar*thro"di*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A form of diarthrodial articulation in which the articular
surfaces are nearly flat, so that they form only an imperfect ball
and socket.

ARTHRODIAL; ARTHRODIC
Ar*thro"di*al, Ar*throd"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to arthrodia.

ARTHRODYNIA
Ar`thro*dyn"i*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An affection characterized by pain in or about a joint, not
dependent upon structural disease.

ARTHRODYNIC
Ar`thro*dyn"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to arthrodynia, or pain in the joints; rheumatic.

ARTHROGASTRA
Ar`thro*gas"tra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the Arachnida, having the abdomen annulated,
including the scorpions, harvestmen, etc.; pedipalpi.

ARTHROGRAPHY
Ar*throg"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: The description of joints.

ARTHROLOGY
Ar*throl"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: That part of anatomy which treats of joints.

ARTHROMERE
Ar"thro*mere, n. Etym: [Gr. -mere.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the body segments of Arthropods. See Arthrostraca.
Packard.

ARTHROPATHY
Ar*throp"a*thy, n. [Gr.  joint + , , to suffer.] (Med.)

Defn: Any disease of the joints.

ARTHROPLEURA
Ar`thro*pleu"ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The side or limb-bearing portion of an arthromere.

ARTHROPOD
Ar"thro*pod, n (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Arthropoda.

ARTHROPODA
Ar*throp"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large division of Articulata, embracing all those that have
jointed legs. It includes Insects, Arachnida, Pychnogonida, and
Crustacea.
 -- Ar*throp"o*dal, a.

ARTHROPOMATA
Ar`thro*pom"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the orders of Branchiopoda. See Branchiopoda.

ARTHROSIS
Ar*thro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Articulation.

ARTHROSPORE
Ar"thro*spore, n. [Gr.  joint + E. spore.] (Bacteriol.)

Defn: A bacterial resting cell, -- formerly considered a spore, but
now known to occur even in endosporous bacteria. -- Ar`thro*spor"ic
(#), Ar*thros"po*rous (#), a.

ARTHROSTRACA
Ar*thros"tra*ca, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the larger divisions of Crustacea, so called because the
thorax and abdomen are both segmented; Tetradecapoda. It includes the
Amphipoda and Isopoda.

ARTHROTOME
Ar"thro*tome, n. [Gr.  joint +  to cut.] (Surg.)

Defn: A strong scalpel used in the dissection of joints.

ARTHROZOIC
Ar`thro*zo"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Articulata; articulate.

ARTHURIAN
Ar*thu"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to King Arthur or his knights.  J. R. Symonds.

In magnitude, in interest, and as a literary origin, the Arthurian
invention dwarfs all other things in the book.
Saintsbury.

ARTIAD
Ar"ti*ad, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Even; not odd; -- said of elementary substances and of radicals
the valence of which is divisible by two without a remainder.

ARTICHOKE
Ar"ti*choke, n. Etym: [It. articioc, perh. corrupted fr. the same
word as carciofo; cf. older spellings archiciocco, archicioffo,
carciocco, and Sp. alcachofa, Pg. alcachofra; prob. fr. Ar. al-
harshaf, al-kharsh.] (Bot.)

1. The Cynara scolymus, a plant somewhat resembling a thistle, with a
dilated, imbricated, and prickly involucre. The head (to which the
name is also applied) is composed of numerous oval scales, inclosing
the florets, sitting on a broad receptacle, which, with the fleshy
base of the scales, is much esteemed as an article of food.

2. See Jerusalem artichoke.

ARTICLE
Ar"ti*cle, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. articulus, dim. of artus joint, akin
to Gr. ar to join, fit. See Art, n.]

1. A distinct portion of an instrument, discourse, literary work, or
any other writing, consisting of two or more particulars, or treating
of various topics; as, an article in the Constitution. Hence: A
clause in a contract, system of regulations, treaty, or the like; a
term, condition, or stipulation in a contract; a concise statement;
as, articles of agreement.

2. A literary composition, forming an independent portion of a
magazine, newspaper, or cyclopedia.

3. Subject; matter; concern; distinct. [Obs.]
A very great revolution that happened in this article of good
breeding. Addison.
This last article will hardly be believed. De Foe.

4. A distinct part. "Upon each article of human duty." Paley. "Each
article of time." Habington.
The articles which compose the blood. E. Darwin.

5. A particular one of various things; as, an article of merchandise;
salt is a necessary article.
They would fight not for articles of faith, but for articles of food.
Landor.

6. Precise point of time; moment. [Obs. or Archaic]
This fatal news coming to Hick's Hall upon the article of my Lord
Russell's trial, was said to have had no little influence on the jury
and all the bench to his prejudice. Evelyn.

7. (Gram.)

Defn: One of the three words, a, an, the, used before nouns to limit
or define their application. A (or an) is called the indefinite
article, the the definite article.

8. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the segments of an articulated appendage. Articles of
Confederation, the compact which was first made by the original
thirteen States of the United States. They were adopted March 1,
1781, and remained the supreme law until March, 1789.
 -- Articles of impeachment, an instrument which, in cases of
impeachment, performs the same office which an indictment does in a
common criminal case.
 -- Articles of war, rules and regulations, fixed by law, for the
better government of the army.
 -- In the article of death Etym: [L. in articulo mortis], at the
moment of death; in the dying struggle.
 -- Lords of the articles (Scot. Hist.), a standing committee of the
Scottish Parliament to whom was intrusted the drafting and
preparation of the acts, or bills for laws.
 -- The Thirty-nine Articles, statements (thirty-nine in number) of
the tenets held by the Church of England.

ARTICLE
Ar"ti*cle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Articled; p. pr. & vb. n. Articling.]
Etym: [Cf. F. articuler, fr. L. articulare. See Article, n.,
Articulate.]

1. To formulate in articles; to set forth in distinct particulars.
If all his errors and follies were articled against him, the man
would seem vicious and miserable. Jer. Taylor.

2. To accuse or charge by an exhibition of articles.
He shall be articled against in the high court of admiralty. Stat. 33
Geo. III.

3. To bind by articles of covenant or stipulation; as, to article an
apprentice to a mechanic.

ARTICLE
Ar"ti*cle, v. i.

Defn: To agree by articles; to stipulate; to bargain; to covenant.
[R.]
Then he articled with her that he should go away when he pleased.
Selden.

ARTICLED
Ar"ti*cled, a.

Defn: Bound by articles; apprenticed; as, an articled clerk.

ARTICULAR
Ar*tic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. articularis: cf. F. articulaire. See
Article, n.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the joints; as, an articular disease; an
articular process.

ARTICULAR; ARTICULARY
Ar*tic"u*lar, Ar*tic"u*la*ry, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A bone in the base of the lower jaw of many birds, reptiles,
amphibians, and fishes.

ARTICULARLY
Ar*tic"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In an articular or an articulate manner.

ARTICULATA
Ar*tic`u*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl. from L. articulatus furnished
with joints, distinct, p. p. of articulare. See Article, v.] (Zoöl.)

1. One of the four subkingdoms in the classification of Cuvier. It
has been much modified by later writers.

Note: It includes those Invertebrata having the body composed of
ringlike segments (arthromeres). By some writers, the unsegmented
worms (helminths) have also been included; by others it is restricted
to the Arthropoda. It corresponds nearly with the Annulosa of some
authors. The chief subdivisions are Arthropoda (Insects, Myriapoda,
Arachnida, Pycnogonida, Crustacea); and Anarthropoda, including the
Annelida and allied forms.

2. One of the subdivisions of the Brachiopoda, including those that
have the shells united by a hinge.

3. A subdivision of the Crinoidea.

ARTICULATE
Ar*tic"u*late, a. Etym: [L. articulatus. See Articulata.]

1. Expressed in articles or in separate items or particulars.
[Archaic] Bacon.

2. Jointed; formed with joints; consisting of segments united by
joints; as, articulate animals or plants.

3. Distinctly uttered; spoken so as to be intelligible; characterized
by division into words and syllables; as, articulate speech, sounds,
words.
Total changes of party and articulate opinion. Carlyle.

ARTICULATE
Ar*tic"u*late, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal of the subkingdom Articulata.

ARTICULATE
Ar*tic"u*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Articulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Articulating].

1. To utter articulate sounds; to utter the elementary sounds of a
language; to enunciate; to speak distinctly.

2. To treat or make terms. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To join or be connected by articulation.

ARTICULATE
Ar*tic"u*late, v. t.

1. To joint; to unite by means of a joint; to put together with
joints or at the joints.

2. To draw up or write in separate articles; to particularize; to
specify. [Obs.]

3. To form, as the elementary sounds; to utter in distinct syllables
or words; to enunciate; as, to articulate letters or language. "To
articulate a word." Ray.

4. To express distinctly; to give utterance to.
Luther articulated himself upon a process that hand already begun in
the Christian church. Bibliotheca Sacra.
To . . . articulate the dumb, deep want of the people. Carlyle.

ARTICULATED
Ar*tic"u*la`ted, a.

1. United by, or provided with, articulations; jointed; as, an
articulated skeleton.

2. Produced, as a letter, syllable, or word, by the organs of speech;
pronounced.

ARTICULATELY
Ar*tic"u*late*ly, adv.

1. After the manner, or in the form, of a joint.

2. Article by article; in distinct particulars; in detail;
definitely. Paley.
I had articulately set down in writing our points. Fuller.

3. With distinct utterance of the separate sounds.

ARTICULATENESS
Ar*tic"u*late*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being articulate.

ARTICULATION
Ar*tic`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. articulation, fr. L. articulatio.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A joint or juncture between bones in the skeleton.

Note: Articulations may be immovable, when the bones are directly
united (synarthrosis), or slightly movable, when they are united
intervening substance (amphiarthrosis), or they may be more or less
freely movable, when the articular surfaces are covered with synovial
membranes, as in complete joints (diarthrosis). The last
(diarthrosis) includes hinge joints, admitting motion in one plane
only (ginglymus), ball and socket joints (enarthrosis), pivot and
rotation joints, etc.

2. (Bot.)
(a) The connection of the parts of a plant by joints, as in pods.
(b) One of the nodes or joints, as in cane and maize.
(c) One of the parts intercepted between the joints; also, a
subdivision into parts at regular or irregular intervals as a result
of serial intermission in growth, as in the cane, grasses, etc.
Lindley.

3. The act of putting together with a joint or joints; any meeting of
parts in a joint.

4. The state of being jointed; connection of parts. [R.]
That definiteness and articulation of imagery. Coleridge.

5. The utterance of the elementary sounds of a language by the
appropriate movements of the organs, as in pronunciation; as, a
distinct articulation.

6. A sound made by the vocal organs; an articulate utterance or an
elementary sound, esp. a consonant.

ARTICULATIVE
Ar*tic"u*la*tive, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to articulation. Bush.

ARTICULATOR
Ar*tic"u*la`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, articulates; as: (a) One who enunciates
distinctly. (b) One who prepares and mounts skeletons. (c) An
instrument to cure stammering.

ARTICULUS
Ar*tic"u*lus n.; pl. Articuli. Etym: [L. See Article.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A joint of the cirri of the Crinoidea; a joint or segment of an
arthropod appendage.

ARTIFACT
Ar"ti*fact, n. [L. ars, artis, art + facere, factum, to make.]

1. (Archæol.)

Defn: A product of human workmanship; -- applied esp. to the simpler
products of aboriginal art as distinguished from natural objects.

2.  (Biol.) A structure or appearance in protoplasm due to death or
the  use of reagents and not present during life.

ARTIFICE
Ar"ti*fice, n. Etym: [L. artificium, fr. artifex artificer; ars,
artis, art + facere to make: cf. F. artifice.]

1. A handicraft; a trade; art of making. [Obs.]

2. Workmanship; a skillfully contrived work.
The material universe.. in the artifice of God, the artifice of the
best Mechanist. Cudworth.

3. Artful or skillful contrivance.
His [Congreve's] plots were constructed without much artifice. Craik.

4. Crafty device; an artful, ingenious, or elaborate trick.

Note: [Now the usual meaning.]
Those who were conscious of guilt employed numerous artifices for the
purpose of averting inquiry. Macaulay.

ARTIFICER
Ar*tif"i*cer, n. Etym: [Cf. F. artificier, fr. LL. artificiarius.]

1. An artistic worker; a mechanic or manufacturer; one whose
occupation requires skill or knowledge of a particular kind, as a
silversmith.

2. One who makes or contrives; a deviser, inventor, or framer.
"Artificer of fraud." Milton.
The great Artificer of all that moves. Cowper.

3. A cunning or artful fellow. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A military mechanic, as a blacksmith, carpenter, etc.; also,
one who prepares the shells, fuses, grenades, etc., in a military
laboratory.

Syn.
 -- Artisan; artist. See Artisan.

ARTIFICIAL
Ar`ti*fi"cial, a. Etym: [L. artificialis, fr. artificium: cf. F.
artificiel. See Artifice.]

1. Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human skill and
labor, in opposition to natural; as, artificial heat or light, gems,
salts, minerals, fountains, flowers.
Artificial strife Lives in these touches, livelier than life. Shak.

2. Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not genuine. "Artificial
tears." Shak.

3. Artful; cunning; crafty. [Obs.] Shak.

4. Cultivated; not indigenous; not of spontaneous growth; as,
artificial grasses. Gibbon. Artificial arguments (Rhet.), arguments
invented by the speaker, in distinction from laws, authorities, and
the like, which are called inartificial arguments or proofs. Johnson.
 -- Artificial classification (Science), an arrangement based on
superficial characters, and not expressing the true natural relations
species; as, "the artificial system" in botany, which is the same as
the Linnæan system.
 -- Artificial horizon. See under Horizon. Artificial light, any
light other than that which proceeds from the heavenly bodies.
 -- Artificial lines, lines on a sector or scale, so contrived as to
represent the logarithmic sines and tangents, which, by the help of
the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable exactness, questions in
trigonometry, navigation, etc.
 -- Artificial numbers, logarithms.
 -- Artificial person (Law). See under Person.
 -- Artificial sines, tangents, etc., the same as logarithms of the
natural, tangents, etc. Hutton.

ARTIFICIALITY
Ar`ti*fi`ci*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or appearance of being artificial; that which is
artificial.

ARTIFICIALIZE
Ar`ti*fi"cial*ize, v. t.

Defn: To render artificial.

ARTIFICIALLY
Ar`ti*fi"cial*ly, adv.

1. In an artificial manner; by art, or skill and contrivance, not by
nature.

2. Ingeniously; skillfully. [Obs.]
The spider's web, finely and artificially wrought. Tillotson.

3. Craftily; artfully. [Obs.]
Sharp dissembled so artificially. Bp. Burnet.

ARTIFICIALNESS
Ar`ti*fi"cial*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being artificial.

ARTIFICIOUS
Ar`ti*fi"cious, a. Etym: [L. artificiosus.]

Defn: Artificial. [Obs.] Johnson.

ARTILIZE
Art"i*lize, v. t.

Defn: To make resemble. [Obs.]
If I was a philosopher, says Montaigne, I would naturalize art
instead of artilizing nature. Bolingbroke.

ARTILLERIST
Ar*til"ler*ist, n.

Defn: A person skilled in artillery or gunnery; a gunner; an
artilleryman.

ARTILLERY
Ar*til"ler*y, n. Etym: [OE. artilrie, OF. artillerie, arteillerie,
fr. LL. artillaria, artilleria, machines and apparatus of all kinds
used in war, vans laden with arms of any kind which follow camps; F.
artillerie great guns, ordnance; OF. artillier to work artifice, to
fortify, to arm, prob. from L. ars, artis, skill in joining
something, art. See Art.]

1. Munitions of war; implements for warfare, as slings, bows, and
arrows. [Obs.]
And Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad. 1 Sam. xx. 40.

2. Cannon; great guns; ordnance, including guns, mortars, howitzers,
etc., with their equipment of carriages, balls, bombs, and shot of
all kinds.

Note: The word is sometimes used in a more extended sense, including
the powder, cartridges, matches, utensils, machines of all kinds, and
horses, that belong to a train of artillery.

3. The men and officers of that branch of the army to which the care
and management of artillery are confided.

4. The science of artillery or gunnery. Campbell. Artillery park, or
Park of artillery. (a) A collective body of siege or field artillery,
including the guns, and the carriages, ammunition, appurtenances,
equipments, and persons necessary for working them. (b) The place
where the artillery is encamped or collected.
 -- Artillery train, or Train of artillery, a number of pieces of
ordnance mounted on carriages, with all their furniture, ready for
marching.

ARTILLERYMAN
Ar*til"ler*y*man, n.

Defn: A man who manages, or assists in managing, a large gun in
firing.

ARTILLERY WHEEL
Ar*til"ler*y wheel.

Defn: A kind of heavily built dished wheel with a long axle box, used
on gun carriages, usually having 14 spokes and 7 felloes; hence, a
wheel of similar construction for use on automobiles, etc.

ARTIODACTYLA
Ar`ti*o*dac"ty*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the divisions of the ungulate animals. The functional
toes of the hind foot are even in number, and the third digit of each
foot (corresponding to the middle finger in man) is asymmetrical and
paired with the fourth digit, as in the hog, the sheep, and the ox; -
- opposed to Perissodactyla.

ARTIODACTYLE
Ar`ti*o*dac"tyle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Artiodactyla.

ARTIODACTYLOUS
Ar`ti*o*dac"ty*lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Even-toed.

ARTISAN
Ar"ti*san, n. Etym: [F. artisan, fr. L. artitus skilled in arts, fr.
ars, artis, art: cf. It. artigiano. See Art, n.]

1. One who professes and practices some liberal art; an artist.
[Obs.]

2. One trained to manual dexterity in some mechanic art or trade; and
handicraftsman; a mechanic.
This is willingly submitted to by the artisan, who can . . .
compensate his additional toil and fatigue. Hume.

Syn.
 -- Artificer; artist.
 -- Artisan, Artist, Artificer. An artist is one who is skilled in
some one of the fine arts; an artisan is one who exercises any
mechanical employment. A portrait painter is an artist; a sign
painter is an artisan, although he may have the taste and skill of an
artist. The occupation of the former requires a fine taste and
delicate manipulation; that of the latter demands only an ordinary
degree of contrivance and imitative power. An artificer is one who
requires power of contrivance and adaptation in the exercise of his
profession. The word suggest neither the idea of mechanical
conformity to rule which attaches to the term artisan, nor the ideas
of refinement and of peculiar skill which belong to the term artist.

ARTIST
Art"ist, n. Etym: [F. artiste, LL. artista, fr. L. ars. See Art, n.,
and cf. Artiste.]

1. One who practices some mechanic art or craft; an artisan. [Obs.]
How to build ships, and dreadful ordnance cast, Instruct the articles
and reward their. Waller.

2. One who professes and practices an art in which science and taste
preside over the manual execution.

Note: The term is particularly applied to painters, sculptors,
musicians, engravers, and architects. Elmes.

3. One who shows trained skill or rare taste in any manual art or
occupation. Pope.

4. An artful person; a schemer. [Obs.]

Syn.
 -- Artisan. See Artisan.

ARTISTE
Ar*tiste", n. Etym: [F. See Artist.]

Defn: One peculiarly dexterous and tasteful in almost any employment,
as an opera dancer, a hairdresser, a cook.

Note: This term should not be confounded with the English word
artist.

ARTISTIC; ARTISTICAL
Ar*tis"tic, Ar*tis"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. artistique, fr. artiste.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to art or to artists; made in the manner of an
artist; conformable to art; characterized by art; showing taste or
skill.
 -- Ar*tis"tic*al*ly, adv.

ARTISTRY
Art"ist*ry, n.

1. Works of art collectively.

2. Artistic effect or quality. Southey.

3. Artistic pursuits; artistic ability. The Academy.

ARTLESS
Art"less, a.

1. Wanting art, knowledge, or skill; ignorant; unskillful.
Artless of stars and of the moving sand. Dryden.

2. Contrived without skill or art; inartistic. [R.]
Artless and massy pillars. T. Warton.

3. Free from guile, art, craft, or stratagem; characterized by
simplicity and sincerity; sincere; guileless; ingenuous; honest; as,
an artless mind; an artless tale.
They were plain, artless men, without the least appearance of
enthusiasm or credulity about them. Porteus.
O, how unlike the complex works of man, Heaven's easy, artless,
unencumbered plan! Cowper.

Syn.
 -- Simple; unaffected; sincere; undesigning; guileless;
unsophisticated; open; frank; candid.

ARTLESSLY
Art"less*ly, adv.

Defn: In an artless manner; without art, skill, or guile;
unaffectedly. Pope.

ARTLESSNESS
Art"less*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being artless, or void of art or guile;
simplicity; sincerity.

ARTLY
Art"ly, adv.

Defn: With art or skill. [Obs.]

ARTOCARPEOUS; ARTOCARPOUS
Ar`to*car"pe*ous, Ar`to*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the breadfruit, or to the genus Artocarpus.

ARTOTYPE
Ar"to*type, n. Etym: [Art + type.]

Defn: A kind of autotype.

ARTOTYRITE
Ar`to*ty"rite, n. Etym: [LL. Artotyritae, pl., fr. Gr. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect in the primitive church, who celebrated the
Lord's Supper with bread and cheese, alleging that the first
oblations of men not only of the fruit of the earth, but of their
flocks. [Gen. iv. 3, 4.]

ARTOW
Ar"tow.

Defn: A contraction of art thou. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ARTSMAN
Arts"man, n.

Defn: A man skilled in an art or in arts. [Obs.] Bacon.

ART UNION
Art` un"ion.

Defn: An association for promoting art (esp. the arts of design), and
giving encouragement to artists.

ARUM
A"rum, n. Etym: [L. arum, aros, Gr.

Defn: A genus of plants found in central Europe and about the
Mediterranean, having flowers on a spadix inclosed in a spathe. The
cuckoopint of the English is an example.
Our common arums the lords and ladies of village children. Lubbock.

Note: The American "Jack in the pulpit" is now separated from the
genus Arum.

ARUNDELIAN
Ar`un*del"ian, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an Earl of Arundel; as, Arundel or Arundelian
marbles, marbles from ancient Greece, bought by the Earl of Arundel
in 1624.

ARUNDIFEROUS
Ar`un*dif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. arundifer; arundo reed + ferre to
bear.]

Defn: Producing reeds or canes.

ARUNDINACEOUS
A*run`di*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. arundinaceus, fr. arundo reed.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a reed; resembling the reed or cane.

ARUNDINEOUS
Ar`un*din"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. arundineus, fr. arundo reed.]

Defn: Abounding with reeds; reedy.

ARUSPEX
A*rus"pex, n.; pl. Aruspices. Etym: [L. aruspex or haruspex.]

Defn: One of the class of diviners among the Etruscans and Romans,
who foretold events by the inspection of the entrails of victims
offered on the altars of the gods.

ARUSPICE
A*rus"pice, n. Etym: [L. aruspex: cf. F. aruspice. Cf. Aruspex,
Haruspice.]

Defn: A soothsayer of ancient Rome. Same as Aruspex. [Written also
haruspice.]

ARUSPICY
A*rus"pi*cy, n. Etym: [L. aruspicium, haruspicium.]

Defn: Prognostication by inspection of the entrails of victims slain
sacrifice.

ARVAL
Ar"val, n. Etym: [W. arwyl funeral; ar over + wylo to weep, or cf.
arföl; Icel. arfr inheritance + Sw. öl ale. Cf. Bridal.]

Defn: A funeral feast. [North of Eng.] Grose.

ARVICOLE
Ar"vi*cole, n. Etym: [L. arvum field + colere to inhabit.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mouse of the genus Arvicola; the meadow mouse. There are many
species.

ARYAN
Ar"yan, n. Etym: [Skr. arya excellent, honorable; akin to the name of
the country Iran, and perh. to Erin, Ireland, and the early name of
this people, at least in Asia.]

1. One of a primitive people supposed to have lived in prehistoric
times, in Central Asia, east of the Caspian Sea, and north of the
Hindoo

2. The language of the original Aryans. [Written also Arian.]

ARYAN
Ar"yan, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the people called Aryans; Indo-European;
Indo-Germanic; as, the Aryan stock, the Aryan languages.

ARYANIZE
Ar"yan*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make Aryan (a language, or in language). K. Johnston.

ARYTENOID
A*ryt"e*noid, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Ladle-shaped; -- applied to two small cartilages of the larynx,
and also to the glands, muscles, etc., connected with them. The
cartilages are attached to the cricoid cartilage and connected with
the vocal cords.

AS
As, adv. & conj. Etym: [OE. as, als, alse, also, al swa, AS. eal swa,
lit. all so; hence, quite so, quite as: cf. G. als as, than, also so,
then. See Also.]

1. Denoting equality or likeness in kind, degree, or manner; like;
similar to; in the same manner with or in which; in accordance with;
in proportion to; to the extent or degree in which or to which;
equally; no less than; as, ye shall be as gods, knowing good and
evil; you will reap as you sow; do as you are bidden.
His spiritual attendants adjured him, as he loved his soul, to
emancipate his brethren. Macaulay.

Note: As is often preceded by one of the antecedent or correlative
words such, same, so, or as, in expressing an equality or comparison;
as, give us such things as you please, and so long as you please, or
as long as you please; he is not so brave as Cato; she is as amiable
as she is handsome; come as quickly as possible. "Bees appear
fortunately to prefer the same colors as we do." Lubbock. As, in a
preceding part of a sentence, has such or so to answer correlatively
to it; as with the people, so with the priest.

2. In the idea, character, or condition of, -- limiting the view to
certain attributes or relations; as, virtue considered as virtue;
this actor will appear as Hamlet.
The beggar is greater as a man, than is the man merely as a king.
Dewey.

3. While; during or at the same time that; when; as, he trembled as
he spoke.
As I return I will fetch off these justices. Shak.

4. Because; since; it being the case that.
As the population of Scotland had been generally trained to arms . .
. they were not indifferently prepared. Sir W. Scott.
[See Synonym under Because.]

5. Expressing concession. (Often approaching though in meaning).
We wish, however, to avail ourselves of the interest, transient as it
may be, which this work has excited. Macaulay.

6. That, introducing or expressing a result or consequence, after the
correlatives so and such. [Obs.]
I can place thee in such abject state, as help shall never find thee.
Rowe.
So as, so that. [Obs.]
The relations are so uncertain as they require a great deal of
examination. Bacon.

7. As if; as though. [Obs. or Poetic]
He lies, as he his bliss did know. Waller.

8. For instance; by way of example; thus; -- used to introduce
illustrative phrases, sentences, or citations.

9. Than. [Obs. & R.]
The king was not more forward to bestow favors on them as they free
to deal affronts to others their superiors. Fuller.

10. Expressing a wish. [Obs.] "As have," i. e., may he have. Chaucer.
As . . . as. See So . . . as, under So.
 -- As far as, to the extent or degree. "As far as can be
ascertained." Macaulay.
 -- As far forth as, as far as. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- As for, or As to, in regard to; with respect to.
 -- As good as, not less than; not falling short of.
 -- As good as one's word, faithful to a promise.
 -- As if, or As though, of the same kind, or in the same condition
or manner, that it would be if.
 -- As it were (as if it were), a qualifying phrase used to apologize
for or to relieve some expression which might be regarded as
inappropriate or incongruous; in a manner.
 -- As now, just now. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- As swythe, as quickly as possible. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- As well, also; too; besides. Addison.
 -- As well as, equally with, no less than. "I have understanding as
well as you." Job xii. 3.
 -- As yet, until now; up to or at the present time; still; now.

AS
As, n. Etym: [See Ace.]

Defn: An ace. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ambes-as, double aces.

AS
As, n.; pl. Asses. Etym: [L. as. See Ace.]

1. A Roman weight, answering to the libra or pound, equal to nearly
eleven ounces Troy weight. It was divided into twelve ounces.

2. A Roman copper coin, originally of a pound weight (12 oz.); but
reduced, after the first Punic war, to two ounces; in the second
Punic war, to one ounce; and afterwards to half an ounce.

ASA
As"a, n. Etym: [NL. asa, of oriental origin; cf. Per. aza mastic, Ar.
asa healing, isa remedy.]

Defn: An ancient name of a gum.

ASAFETIDA; ASAFOETIDA
As`a*fet"i*da, As`a*foet"i*da, n. Etym: [Asa + L. foetidus fetid.]

Defn: The fetid gum resin or inspissated juice of a large
umbelliferous plant (Ferula asafoetida) of Persia and the East India.
It is used in medicine as an antispasmodic. [Written also
assafoetida.]

ASAPHUS
As"a*phus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of trilobites found in the Lower Silurian formation.
See Illust. in Append.

ASARABACCA
As`a*ra*bac"ca, n. Etym: [L. asarum + bacca a berry. See Asarone.]
(Bot.)

Defn: An acrid herbaceous plant (Asarum Europæum), the leaves and
roots of which are emetic and cathartic. It is principally used in
cephalic snuffs.

ASARONE
As"a*rone, n. Etym: [L. asarum hazelwort, wild spikenard, Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A crystallized substance, resembling camphor, obtained from the
Asarum Europæum; -- called also camphor of asarum.

ASBESTIC
As*bes"tic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling asbestus; inconsumable;
asbestine.

ASBESTIFORM
As*bes"ti*form, a. Etym: [L. asbestus + -form.]

Defn: Having the form or structure of asbestus.

ASBESTINE
As*bes"tine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to asbestus, or partaking of its nature;
incombustible; asbestic.

ASBESTOUS
As*bes"tous, a.

Defn: Asbestic.

ASBESTUS; ASBESTOS
As*bes"tus, As*bes"tos, n. Etym: [L. asbestos (NL. asbestus) a kind
of mineral unaffected by fire, Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of amphibole or of pyroxene, occurring in long and
delicate fibers, or in fibrous masses or seams, usually of a white,
gray, or green-gray color. The name is also given to a similar
variety of serpentine.

Note: The finer varieties have been wrought into gloves and cloth
which are incombustible. The cloth was formerly used as a shroud for
dead bodies, and has been recommended for firemen's clothes. Asbestus
in also employed in the manufacture of iron safes, for fireproof
roofing, and for lampwicks. Some varieties are called amianthus.
Dana.

ASBOLIN
As"bo*lin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A peculiar acrid and bitter oil, obtained from wood soot.

ASCARIASIS
As`ca*ri"a*sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  an intestinal worm.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease, usually accompanied by colicky pains and diarrhea,
caused by the presence of ascarids in the gastrointestinal canal.

ASCARID
As"ca*rid, n.; pl. Ascarides or Ascarids. Etym: [NL. ascaris, fr. Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A parasitic nematoid worm, espec. the roundworm, Ascaris
lumbricoides, often occurring in the human intestine and allied
species found in domestic animals; also commonly applied to the
pinworm (Oxyuris), often troublesome to children and aged persons.

ASCEND
As*cend", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ascended; p. pr. & vb. n. Ascending.]
Etym: [L. ascendere; ad + scandere to climb, mount. See Scan.]

1. To move upward; to mount; to go up; to rise; -- opposed to Ant:
descend.
Higher yet that star ascends. Bowring.
I ascend unto my father and your father. John xx. 17.

Note: Formerly used with up.
The smoke of it ascended up to heaven. Addison.

2. To rise, in a figurative sense; to proceed from an inferior to a
superior degree, from mean to noble objects, from particulars to
generals, from modern to ancient times, from one note to another more
acute, etc.; as, our inquiries ascend to the remotest antiquity; to
ascend to our first progenitor.

Syn.
 -- To rise; mount; climb; scale; soar; tower.

ASCEND
As*cend", v. t.

Defn: To go or move upward upon or along; to climb; to mount; to go
up the top of; as, to ascend a hill, a ladder, a tree, a river, a
throne.

ASCENDABLE
As*cend"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being ascended.

ASCENDANCY; ASCENDANCE
As*cend"an*cy, As*cend"ance, n.

Defn: Same as Ascendency.

ASCENDANT
As*cend"ant, n. Etym: [F. ascendant, L. ascendens; p. pr. of
ascendere.]

1. Ascent; height; elevation. [R.]
Sciences that were then in their highest ascendant. Temple.

2. (Astrol.)

Defn: The horoscope, or that degree of the ecliptic which rises above
the horizon at the moment of one's birth; supposed to have a
commanding influence on a person's life and fortune.

Note: Hence the phrases To be in the ascendant, to have commanding
power or influence, and Lord of the ascendant, one who has possession
of such power or influence; as, to rule, for a while, lord of the
ascendant. Burke.

3. Superiority, or commanding influence; ascendency; as, one man has
the ascendant over another.
Chievres had acquired over the mind of the young monarch the
ascendant not only of a tutor, but of a parent. Robertson.

4. An ancestor, or one who precedes in genealogy or degrees of
kindred; a relative in the ascending line; a progenitor; -- opposed
to descendant. Ayliffe.

ASCENDANT; ASCENDENT
As*cend"ant, As*cend"ent, a.

1. Rising toward the zenith; above the horizon.
The constellation . . . about that time ascendant. Browne.

2. Rising; ascending. Ruskin.

3. Superior; surpassing; ruling.
An ascendant spirit over him. South.
The ascendant community obtained a surplus of wealth. J. S. Mill.
Without some power of persuading or confuting, of defending himself
against accusations, . . . no man could possibly hold an ascendent
position. Grote.

ASCENDENCY
As*cend"en*cy, n.

Defn: Governing or controlling influence; domination; power.
An undisputed ascendency. Macaulay.
Custom has an ascendency over the understanding. Watts.

Syn.
 -- Control; authority; influence; sway; dominion; prevalence;
domination.

ASCENDIBLE
As*cend"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. ascendibilis.]

Defn: Capable of being ascended; climbable.

ASCENDING
As*cend"ing, a.

Defn: Rising; moving upward; as, an ascending kite.
 -- As*cend"ing*ly, adv. Ascending latitude (Astron.), the increasing
latitude of a planet. Ferguson.
 -- Ascending line (Geneol.), the line of relationship traced
backward or through one's ancestors. One's father and mother,
grandfather and grandmother, etc., are in the line direct ascending.
 -- Ascending node having, that node of the moon or a planet wherein
it passes the ecliptic to proceed northward. It is also called the
northern node. Herschel.
 -- Ascending series. (Math.) (a) A series arranged according to the
ascending powers of a quantity. (b) A series in which each term is
greater than the preceding.
 -- Ascending signs, signs east of the meridian.

ASCENSION
As*cen"sion, n. Etym: [F. ascension, L. ascensio, fr. ascendere. See
Ascend.]

1. The act of ascending; a rising; ascent.

2. Specifically: The visible ascent of our Savior on the fortieth day
after his resurrection. (Acts i. 9.) Also, Ascension Day.

3. An ascending or arising, as in distillation; also that which
arises, as from distillation.
Vaporous ascensions from the stomach. Sir T. Browne.
Ascension Day, the Thursday but one before Whitsuntide, the day on
which commemorated our Savior's ascension into heaven after his
resurrection; -- called also Holy Thursday.
 -- Right ascension (Astron.), that degree of the equinoctial,
counted from the beginning of Aries, which rises with a star, or
other celestial body, in a right sphere; or the arc of the equator
intercepted between the first point of Aries and that point of the
equator that comes to the meridian with the star; -- expressed either
in degrees or in time.
 -- Oblique ascension (Astron.), an arc of the equator, intercepted
between the first point of Aries and that point of the equator which
rises together with a star, in an oblique sphere; or the arc of the
equator intercepted between the first point of Aries and that point
of the equator that comes to the horizon with a star. It is little
used in modern astronomy.

ASCENSIONAL
As*cen"sion*al, a.

Defn: Relating to ascension; connected with ascent; ascensive;
tending upward; as, the ascensional power of a balloon. Ascensional
difference (Astron.), the difference between oblique and right
ascension; -- used chiefly as expressing the difference between the
time of the rising or setting of a body and six o'clock, or six hours
from its meridian passage.

ASCENSIVE
As*cen"sive, a. Etym: [See Ascend.]

1. Rising; tending to rise, or causing to rise. Owen.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Augmentative; intensive. Ellicott.

ASCENT
As*cent". Etym: [Formed like descent, as if from a F. ascente, fr. a
verb ascendre, fr. L. ascendere. See Ascend, Descent.]

1. The act of rising; motion upward; rise; a mounting upward; as, he
made a tedious ascent; the ascent of vapors from the earth.
To him with swift ascent he up returned. Milton.

2. The way or means by which one ascends.

3. An eminence, hill, or high place. Addison.

4. The degree of elevation of an object, or the angle it makes with a
horizontal line; inclination; rising grade; as, a road has an ascent
of five degrees.

ASCERTAIN
As`cer*tain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ascertained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ascertaining.] Etym: [OF. acertener; a (L. ad) + certain. See
Certain.]

1. To render (a person) certain; to cause to feel certain; to make
confident; to assure; to apprise. [Obs.]
When the blessed Virgin was so ascertained. Jer. Taylor.
Muncer assured them that the design was approved of by Heaven, and
that the Almighty had in a dream ascertained him of its effects.
Robertson.

2. To make (a thing) certain to the mind; to free from obscurity,
doubt, or change; to make sure of; to fix; to determine. [Archaic]
The divine law . . . ascertaineth the truth. Hooker.
The very deferring [of his execution] shall increase and ascertain
the condemnation. Jer. Taylor.
The ministry, in order to ascertain a majority . . . persuaded the
queen to create twelve new peers. Smollett.
The mildness and precision of their laws ascertained the rule and
measure of taxation. Gibbon.

3. To find out or learn for a certainty, by trial, examination, or
experiment; to get to know; as, to ascertain the weight of a
commodity, or the purity of a metal.
He was there only for the purpose of ascertaining whether a descent
on England was practicable. Macaulay.

ASCERTAINABLE
As`cer*tain"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be ascertained.
 -- As`cer*tain"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- As`cer*tain"a*bly, adv.

ASCERTAINER
As`cer*tain"er, n.

Defn: One who ascertains.

ASCERTAINMENT
As`cer*tain"ment, n.

Defn: The act of ascertaining; a reducing to certainty; a finding out
by investigation; discovery.
The positive ascertainment of its limits. Burke.

ASCESSANCY; ASCESSANT
As*ces"san*cy, n. As*ces"sant, a.

Defn: See Acescency, Acescent. [Obs.]

ASCETIC
As*cet"ic a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Extremely rigid in self-denial and devotions; austere; severe.
The stern ascetic rigor of the Temple discipline. Sir W. Scott.

ASCETIC
As*cet"ic, n.

Defn: In the early church, one who devoted himself to a solitary and
contemplative life, characterized by devotion, extreme self-denial,
and self-mortification; a hermit; a recluse; hence, one who practices
extreme rigor and self-denial in religious things.
I am far from commending those ascetics that take up their quarters
in deserts. Norris.
Ascetic theology, the science which treats of the practice of the
theological and moral virtues, and the counsels of perfection. Am.
Cyc.

ASCETICISM
As*cet"i*cism, n.

Defn: The condition, practice, or mode of life, of ascetics.

ASCHAM
As"cham, n. Etym: [From Roger Ascham, who was a great lover of
archery.]

Defn: A sort of cupboard, or case, to contain bows and other
implements of archery.

ASCI
As"ci, n. pl.

Defn: See Ascus.

ASCIAN
As"cian, n.

Defn: One of the Ascii.

ASCIDIAN
As*cid"i*an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Ascidioidea, or in a more general sense, one of the
Tunicata. Also as an adj.

ASCIDIARIUM
As*cid`i*a"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Ascidium.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The structure which unites together the ascidiozooids in a
compound ascidian.

ASCIDIFORM
As*cid"i*form, a. Etym: [Gr. -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Shaped like an ascidian.

ASCIDIOIDEA
As*cid`i*oid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. ascidium + -oid. See
Ascidium.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Tunicata, often shaped like a two-necked bottle. The
group includes, social, and compound species. The gill is a netlike
structure within the oral aperture. The integument is usually
leathery in texture. See Illustration in Appendix.

ASCIDIOZOOID
As*cid`i*o*zo"oid, n. Etym: [Ascidium + zooid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the individual members of a compound ascidian. See
Ascidioidea.

ASCIDIUM
As*cid"i*um, n.; pl. Ascidia. Etym: [NL., fr. ascus. See Ascus.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A pitcher-shaped, or flask-shaped, organ or appendage of a
plant, as the leaves of the pitcher plant, or the little bladderlike
traps of the bladderwort (Utricularia).

2. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of simple ascidians, which formerly included most of
the known species. It is sometimes used as a name for the
Ascidioidea, or for all the Tunicata.

ASCIGEROUS
As*cig"er*ous, a. Etym: [Ascus + -gerous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having asci. Loudon.

ASCII; ASCIANS
As"ci*i, As"cians, n. pl. Etym: [L. ascii, pl. of ascius, Gr.

Defn: Persons who, at certain times of the year, have no shadow at
noon; -- applied to the inhabitants of the torrid zone, who have,
twice a year, a vertical sun.

ASCITES
As*ci"tes, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A collection of serous fluid in the cavity of the abdomen;
dropsy of the peritoneum. Dunglison.

ASCITIC; ASCITICAL
As*cit"ic, As*cit"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or affected by, ascites; dropsical.

ASCITITIOUS
As`ci*ti"tious, a. Etym: [See Adscititious.]

Defn: Supplemental; not inherent or original; adscititious;
additional; assumed.
Homer has been reckoned an ascititious name. Pope.

ASCLEPIAD
As*cle"pi*ad, n. (Gr. & L. Pros.)

Defn: A choriambic verse, first used by the Greek poet Asclepias,
consisting of four feet, viz., a spondee, two choriambi, and an
iambus.

ASCLEPIADACEOUS
As*cle`pi*a*da"ceous, a. Etym: [See Asclepias.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, plants of the Milkweed
family.

ASCLEPIAS
As*cle"pi*as, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Asclepios or Aesculapius.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including the milkweed, swallowwort, and some
other species having medicinal properties. Asclepias butterfly
(Zoöl.), a large, handsome, red and black butterfly (Danais
Archippus), found in both hemispheres. It feeds on plants of the
genus Asclepias.

ASCOCARP
As"co*carp, n. [Gr. 'asko`s a bladder + karpo`s fruit.] (Bot.)

Defn: In ascomycetous fungi, the spherical, discoid, or cup-shaped
body within which the asci are collected, and which constitutes the
mature fructification. The different forms are known in mycology
under distinct names. Called also spore fruit.

ASCOCOCCUS
As`co*coc"cus, n.; pl. Ascococci. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A form of micrococcus, found in putrid meat infusions,
occurring in peculiar masses, each of which is inclosed in a hyaline
capsule and contains a large number of spherical micrococci.

ASCOMYCETES
As`co*my*ce"tes, n. pl. [NL.; ascus + Gr. , , fungus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large class of higher fungi distinguished by septate hyphæ,
and by having their spores formed in asci, or spore sacs. It
comprises many orders, among which are the yeasts, molds, mildews,
truffles, morels, etc. -- As`co*my*ce"tous (#), a.

ASCOSPORE
As"co*spore, n. Etym: [Ascus + spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the spores contained in the asci of lichens and fungi.
[See Illust. of Ascus.]

ASCRIBABLE
As*crib"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being ascribed; attributable.

ASCRIBE
As*cribe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ascribed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ascribing.]
Etym: [L. ascribere, adscribere, to ascribe; ad + scribere to write:
cf. OF. ascrire. See Scribe.]

1. To attribute, impute, or refer, as to a cause; as, his death was
ascribed to a poison; to ascribe an effect to the right cause; to
ascribe such a book to such an author.
The finest [speech] that is ascribed to Satan in the whole poem.
Addison.

2. To attribute, as a quality, or an appurtenance; to consider or
allege to belong.

Syn.
 -- To Ascribe, Attribute, Impute. Attribute denotes, 1. To refer
some quality or attribute to a being; as, to attribute power to God.
2. To refer something to its cause or source; as, to attribute a
backward spring to icebergs off the coast. Ascribe is used equally in
both these senses, but involves a different image. To impute usually
denotes to ascribe something doubtful or wrong, and hence, in general
literature, has commonly a bad sense; as, to impute unworthy motives.
The theological sense of impute is not here taken into view.
More than good-will to me attribute naught. Spenser.
Ascribes his gettings to his parts and merit. Pope.
And fairly quit him of the imputed blame. Spenser.

ASCRIPT
As"cript, a.

Defn: See Adscript. [Obs.]

ASCRIPTION
As*crip"tion, n. Etym: [L. ascriptio, fr. ascribere. See Ascribe.]

Defn: The act of ascribing, imputing, or affirming to belong; also,
that which is ascribed.

ASCRIPTITIOUS
As`crip*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. ascriptitius, fr. ascribere.]

1. Ascribed.

2. Added; additional. [Obs.]
An ascriptitious and supernumerary God. Farindon.

ASCUS
As"cus, n.; pl. Asci. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A small membranous bladder or tube in which are inclosed the
seedlike reproductive particles or sporules of lichens and certain
fungi.

A-SEA
A-sea, adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + sea.]

Defn: On the sea; at sea; toward the sea.

ASEMIA
A*se"mi*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  priv. +  sign.] (Med.)

Defn: Loss of power to express, or to understand, symbols or signs of
thought.

ASEPSIS
A*sep"sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  priv. + sepsis.]

Defn: State of being aseptic; the methods or processes of
asepticizing.

ASEPTIC
A*sep"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + septic.]

Defn: Not liable to putrefaction; nonputrescent.
 -- n.

Defn: An aseptic substance.

ASEXUAL
A*sex"u*al, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + sexual.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having no distinct; without sexual action; as, asexual
reproduction. See Fission and Gemmation.

ASEXUALIZATION
A*sex`u*al*i*za"tion, n. [Asexual + -ize + -ation.]

Defn: The act or process of sterilizing an animal or human being, as
by vasectomy.

ASEXUALLY
A*sex"u*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an asexual manner; without sexual agency.

ASH
Ash, n. Etym: [OE. asch, esh, AS. æsc; akin to OHG. asc, Sw. & Dan.
ask, Icel. askr, D. esch, G. esche.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees of the Olive family, having opposite pinnate
leaves, many of the species furnishing valuable timber, as the
European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and the white ash (F. Americana).
Prickly ash (Zanthoxylum Americanum) and Poison ash (Rhus venenata)
are shrubs of different families, somewhat resembling the true ashes
in their foliage.
 -- Mountain ash. See Roman tree, and under Mountain.

2. The tough, elastic wood of the ash tree.

Note: Ash is used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound
term; as, ash bud, ash wood, ash tree, etc.

ASH
Ash, n.,

Defn: sing. of Ashes.

Note: Ash is rarely used in the singular except in connection with
chemical or geological products; as, soda ash, coal which yields a
red ash, etc., or as a qualifying or combining word; as, ash bin, ash
heap, ash hole, ash pan, ash pit, ash-grey, ash-colored, pearlash,
potash. Bone ash, burnt powered; bone earth.
 -- Volcanic ash. See under Ashes.

ASH
Ash, v. t.

Defn: To strew or sprinkle with ashes. Howell.

ASHAME
A*shame, v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + shame: cf. AS. ascamian to shame
(where a- is the same as Goth. us-, G. er-, and orig. meant out),
gescamian, gesceamian, to shame.]

Defn: To shame. [R.] Barrow.

ASHAMED
A*shamed", a. Etym: [Orig. a p. p. of ashame, v. t.]

Defn: Affected by shame; abashed or confused by guilt, or a
conviction or consciousness of some wrong action or impropriety. "I
am ashamed to beg." Wyclif.
All that forsake thee shall be ashamed. Jer. xvii. 13.
I began to be ashamed of sitting idle. Johnson.
Enough to make us ashamed of our species. Macaulay.
An ashamed person can hardly endure to meet the gaze of those
present. Darwin.

Note: Ashamed seldom precedes the noun or pronoun it qualifies. By a
Hebraism, it is sometimes used in the Bible to mean disappointed, or
defeated.

ASHAMEDLY
A*sham"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Bashfully. [R.]

ASHANTEE
Ash`an*tee", n.; pl. Ashantees.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Ashantee in Western Africa.

ASHANTEE
Ash`an*tee", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Ashantee.

ASH-COLORED
Ash"-col`ored, a.

Defn: Of the color of ashes; a whitish gray or brownish gray.

ASHEN
Ash"en, a. Etym: [See Ash, the tree.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ash tree. "Ashen poles." Dryden.

ASHEN
Ash"en, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or resembling, ashes; of a color between brown
and gray, or white and gray.
The ashen hue of age. Sir W. Scott.

ASHEN
Ash"en, n.,

Defn: obs. pl. for Ashes. Chaucer.

ASHERY
Ash"er*y, n.

1. A depository for ashes.

2. A place where potash is made.

ASHES
Ash"es, n. pl. Etym: [OE. asche, aske, AS. asce, æsce, axe; akin to
OHG. asca, G. asche, D. asch, Icel. & Sw. aska, Dan. aske, Goth.
azgo.]

1. The earthy or mineral particles of combustible substances
remaining after combustion, as of wood or coal.

2. Specifically: The remains of the human body when burnt, or when
"returned to dust" by natural decay.
Their martyred blood and ashes sow. Milton.
The coffins were broken open. The ashes were scattered to the winds.
Macaulay.

3. The color of ashes; deathlike paleness.
The lip of ashes, and the cheek of flame. Byron.
In dust and ashes, In sackcloth and ashes, with humble expression of
grief or repentance; -- from the method of mourning in Eastern lands.
 -- Volcanic ashes, or Volcanic ash, the loose, earthy matter, or
small fragments of stone or lava, ejected by volcanoes.

ASH-FIRE
Ash"-fire, n.

Defn: A low fire used in chemical operations.

ASH-FURNACE; ASH-OVEN
Ash"-fur`nace, Ash"-ov`en, n.

Defn: A furnace or oven for fritting materials for glass making.

ASHINE
A*shine", a.

Defn: Shining; radiant.

ASHLAR; ASHLER
Ash"lar, Ash"ler, n. Etym: [OE. ascheler, achiler, OF. aiseler, fr.
aiselle, dim. of ais plank, fr. L. axis, assis, plank, axle. See
Axle.]

1. (Masonry)
(a) Hewn or squared stone; also, masonry made of squared or hewn
stone.
Rough ashlar, a block of freestone as brought from the quarry. When
hammer-dressed it is known as common ashlar. Knight.

(b) In the United States especially, a thin facing of squared and
dressed stone upon a wall of rubble or brick. Knight.

ASHLARING; ASHLERING
Ash"lar*ing, Ash"ler*ing, n.

1. The act of bedding ashlar in mortar.

2. Ashlar when in thin slabs and made to serve merely as a case to
the body of the wall. Brande & C.

3. (Carp.)

Defn: The short upright pieces between the floor beams and rafters in
garrets. See Ashlar, 2.

ASHORE
A*shore", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + shore.]

Defn: On shore or on land; on the land adjacent to water; to the
shore; to the land; aground (when applied to a ship); -- sometimes
opposed to aboard or afloat.
Here shall I die ashore. Shak.
I must fetch his necessaries ashore. Shak.

ASHTORETH
Ash"to*reth, n.; pl. Ashtaroth.

Defn: The principal female divinity of the Phoenicians, as Baal was
the principal male divinity. W. Smith.

ASH WEDNESDAY
Ash` Wednes"day.

Defn: The first day of Lent; -- so called from a custom in the Roman
Catholic church of putting ashes, on that day, upon the foreheads of
penitents.

ASHWEED
Ash"weed`, n. (Bot.) Etym: [A corruption of ache-weed; F. ache. So
named from the likeness of its leaves to those of ache (celery).]

Defn: Goutweed.

ASHY
Ash"y, a.

1. Pertaining to, or composed of, ashes; filled, or strewed with,
ashes.

2. Ash-colored; whitish gray; deadly pale. Shak. Ashy pale, pale as
ashes. Shak.

ASIAN
A"sian, a. Etym: [L. Asianus, Gr. Asia.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Asia; Asiatic. "Asian princes." Jer.
Taylor.
 -- n.

Defn: An Asiatic.

ASIARCH
A"si*arch, n. Etym: [L. Asiarcha, Gr.

Defn: One of the chiefs or pontiffs of the Roman province of Asia,
who had the superintendence of the public games and religious rites.
Milner.

ASIATIC
A`si*at"ic, a. Etym: [L. Asiaticus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Asia or to its inhabitants.
 -- n.

Defn: A native, or one of the people, of Asia.

ASIATICISM
A`si*at"i*cism, n.

Defn: Something peculiar to Asia or the Asiatics.

ASIDE
A*side", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + side.]

1. On, or to, one side; out of a straight line, course, or direction;
at a little distance from the rest; out of the way; apart.
Thou shalt set aside that which is full. 2 Kings iv. 4.
But soft! but soft! aside: here comes the king. Shak.
The flames were blown aside. Dryden.

2. Out of one's thoughts; off; away; as, to put aside gloomy
thoughts. "Lay aside every weight." Heb. xii. 1.

3. So as to be heard by others; privately.
Then lords and ladies spake aside. Sir W. Scott.
To set aside (Law), to annul or defeat the effect or operation of, by
a subsequent decision of the same or of a superior tribunal; to
declare of no authority; as, to set aside a verdict or a judgment.

ASIDE
A*side", n.

Defn: Something spoken aside; as, a remark made by a stageplayer
which the other players are not supposed to hear.

ASILUS
A*si"lus, n. Etym: [L., a gadfly.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large and voracious two-winged flies, including the
bee killer and robber fly.

ASINEGO; ASSINEGO
As`i*ne"go, As`si*ne"go, n. Etym: [Sp. asnico, dim. of asno an ass.]

Defn: A stupid fellow. [Obs.] Shak.

ASININE
As"i*nine, a. Etym: [L. asininus, fr. asinus ass. See Ass.]

Defn: Of or belonging to, or having the qualities of, the ass, as
stupidity and obstinacy. "Asinine nature." B. Jonson. "Asinine
feast." Milton.

ASININITY
As`i*nin"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being asinine; stupidity combined with
obstinacy.

ASIPHONATE
A*si"phon*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Destitute of a siphon or breathing tube; -- said of many
bivalve shells.
 -- n.

Defn: An asiphonate mollusk.

ASIPHONEA; ASIPHONATA; ASIPHONIDA
As`i*pho"ne*a, A*si`pho*na"ta, As`i*phon"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr.
Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of bivalve mollusks destitute of siphons, as the
oyster; the asiphonate mollusks.

ASITIA
A*si"ti*a, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Want of appetite; loathing of food.

ASK
Ask, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Asked; p. pr. & vb. n. Asking.] Etym: [OE.
asken, ashen, axien, AS. ascian, acsian; akin to OS. escon, OHG.
eiscon, Sw. aska, Dan. æske, D. eischen, G. heischen, Lith. jëskóti,
OSlav. iskati to seek, Skr. ish to desire. *5.]

1. To request; to seek to obtain by words; to petition; to solicit; -
- often with of, in the sense of from, before the person addressed.
Ask counsel, we pray thee, of God. Judg. xviii. 5.
If ye abide in me, and my words abide in you, ye shall ask what ye
will, and it shall be done unto you. John xv. 7.

2. To require, demand, claim, or expect, whether by way of
remuneration or return, or as a matter of necessity; as, what price
do you ask
Ask me never so much dowry. Gen. xxxiv. 12.
To whom men have committed much, of him they will ask the more. Luke
xii. 48.
An exigence of state asks a much longer time to conduct a design to
maturity. Addison.

3. To interrogate or inquire of or concerning; to put a question to
or about; to question.
He is of age; ask him: he shall speak for himself. John ix. 21.
He asked the way to Chester. Shak.

4. To invite; as, to ask one to an entertainment.

5. To publish in church for marriage; -- said of both the banns and
the persons. Fuller.

Syn.
 -- To beg; request; seek; petition; solicit; entreat; beseech;
implore; crave; require; demand; claim; exhibit; inquire;
interrogate. See Beg.

ASK
Ask, v. i.

1. To request or petition; -- usually folllowed by for; as, to ask
for bread.
Ask, and it shall be given you. Matt. vii. 7.

2. To make inquiry, or seek by request; -- sometimes followed by
after.
Wherefore . . . dost ask after my name Gen. xxxii. 29.

ASK
Ask, n. Etym: [See 2d Asker.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A water newt. [Scot. & North of Eng.]

ASKANCE; ASKANT
A*skance", A*skant", adv. Etym: [Cf. D. schuin, schuins, sideways,
schuiven to shove, schuinte slope. Cf. Asquint.]

Defn: Sideways; obliquely; with a side glance; with disdain, envy, or
suspicion.
They dart away; they wheel askance. Beattie.
My palfrey eyed them askance. Landor.
Both . . . were viewed askance by authority. Gladstone.

ASKANCE
A*skance", v. t.

Defn: To turn aside. [Poet.]
O, how are they wrapped in with infamies That from their own misdeeds
askance their eyes! Shak.

ASKER
Ask"er, n.

Defn: One who asks; a petitioner; an inquirer. Shak.

ASKER
Ask"er, n. Etym: [A corruption of AS. a lizard, newt.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An ask; a water newt. [Local Eng.]

ASKEW
A*skew", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + skew.]

Defn: Awry; askance; asquint; oblique or obliquely; -- sometimes
indicating scorn, or contempt, or entry. Spenser.

ASKING
Ask"ing, n.

1. The act of inquiring or requesting; a petition; solicitation.
Longfellow.

2. The publishing of banns.

ASLAKE
A*slake", v. t. & i. Etym: [AS. aslacian, slacian, to slacken. Cf.
Slake.]

Defn: To mitigate; to moderate; to appease; to abate; to diminish.
[Archaic] Chaucer.

ASLANT
A*slant", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + slant.]

Defn: Toward one side; in a slanting direction; obliquely.
[The shaft] drove through his neck aslant. Dryden.

ASLANT
A*slant", prep.

Defn: In a slanting direction over; athwart.
There is a willow grows aslant a brook. Shak.

ASLEEP
A*sleep", a. & adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + sleep.]

1. In a state of sleep; in sleep; dormant.
Fast asleep the giant lay supine. Dryden.
By whispering winds soon lulled asleep. Milton.

2. In the sleep of the grave; dead.
Concerning them which are asleep . . . sorrow not, even as others
which have no hope. 1 Thess. iv. 13.

3. Numbed, and, usually, tingling. Udall.
Leaning long upon any part maketh it numb, and, as we call it,
asleep. Bacon.

ASLOPE
A*slope", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + slope.]

Defn: Slopingly; aslant; declining from an upright direction;
sloping. "Set them not upright, but aslope." Bacon.

ASLUG
A*slug", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + slug to move slowly.]

Defn: Sluggishly. [Obs.] Fotherby.

ASMEAR
A*smear", a. Etym: [Pref. a- + smear.]

Defn: Smeared over. Dickens.

ASMONEAN
As`mo*ne"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the patriotic Jewish family to which the
Maccabees belonged; Maccabean; as, the Asmonean dynasty. [Written
also Asmonæan.]

ASMONEAN
As`mo*ne"an, n.

Defn: One of the Asmonean family. The Asmoneans were leaders and
rulers of the Jews from 168 to 35 b. c.

ASOAK
A*soak", a. Etym: [Pref. a- + soak.]

Defn: Soaking.

ASOMATOUS
A*so"ma*tous, a. Etym: [L. asomatus, Gr.

Defn: Without a material body; incorporeal. Todd.

ASONANT
As"o*nant, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + sonant.]

Defn: Not sounding or sounded. [R.] C. C. Felton.

ASP
Asp, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Aspen. "Trembling poplar or asp." Martyn.

ASP
Asp, n. Etym: [L. aspis, fr. Gr. aspe, F. aspic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, hooded, poisonous serpent of Egypt and adjacent
countries, whose bite is often fatal. It is the Naja haje. The name
is also applied to other poisonous serpents, esp. to Vipera aspis of
southern Europe. See Haje.

ASPALATHUS
As*pal"a*thus, n. Etym: [L. aspalathus, Gr. (Bot.)
(a) A thorny shrub yielding a fragrant oil. Ecclus. xxiv. 15.
(b) A genus of plants of the natural order Leguminosæ. The species
are chiefly natives of the Cape of Good Hope.

ASPARAGINE
As*par"a*gine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. asparagine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, nitrogenous, crystallizable substance, C4H8N2O3+H2O,
found in many plants, and first obtained from asparagus. It is
believed to aid in the disposition of nitrogenous matter throughout
the plant; -- called also altheine.

ASPARAGINOUS
As`pa*rag"i*nous, a.

Defn: Pertaining or allied to, or resembling, asparagus; having
shoots which are eaten like asparagus; as, asparaginous vegetables.

ASPARAGUS
As*par"a*gus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. prong, sprout, Pers. asparag,
Lith. spurgas sprout, Skr. sphurj to swell. Perh. the Greek borrowed
from the Persian. Cf. Sparrowgrass.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of perennial plants belonging to the natural order
Liliaceæ, and having erect much branched stems, and very slender
branchlets which are sometimes mistaken for leaves. Asparagus
racemosus is a shrubby climbing plant with fragrant flowers.
Specifically: The Asparagus officinalis, a species cultivated in
gardens.

2. The young and tender shoots of A. officinalis, which form a
valuable and well-known article of food.

Note: This word was formerly pronounced sparrowgrass; but this
pronunciation is now confined exclusively to uneducated people.
Asparagus beetle (Zoöl.), a small beetle (Crioceris asparagi)
injurious to asparagus.

ASPARTIC
As*par"tic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived, asparagine; as, aspartic acid.

ASPECT
As"pect, n. Etym: [L. aspectus, fr. aspicere, aspectum, to look at;
ad + spicere, specere, to look, akin to E. spy.]

1. The act of looking; vision; gaze; glance. [R.] "The basilisk
killeth by aspect." Bacon.
His aspect was bent on the ground. Sir W. Scott.

2. Look, or particular appearance of the face; countenance; mien;
air. "Serious in aspect." Dryden.
[Craggs] with aspect open shall erect his head. Pope.

3. Appearance to the eye or the mind; look; view. "The aspect of
affairs." Macaulay.
The true aspect of a world lying in its rubbish. T. Burnet.

4. Position or situation with regard to seeing; that position which
enables one to look in a particular direction; position in relation
to the points of the compass; as, a house has a southern aspect, that
is, a position which faces the south.

5. Prospect; outlook. [Obs.]
This town affords a good aspect toward the hill from whence we
descended. Evelyn.

6. (Astrol.)

Defn: The situation of planets or stars with respect to one another,
or the angle formed by the rays of light proceeding from them and
meeting at the eye; the joint look of planets or stars upon each
other or upon the earth. Milton.

Note: The aspects which two planets can assume are five; sextile,

7. (Astrol.)

Defn: The influence of the stars for good or evil; as, an ill aspect.
Shak.
The astrologers call the evil influences of the stars evil aspects.
Bacon. Aspect of a plane (Geom.), the direction of the plane.

ASPECT
As*pect", v. t. Etym: [L. aspectare, v. intens. of aspicere. See
Aspect, n.]

Defn: To behold; to look at. [Obs.]

ASPECTABLE
As*pect"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. aspectabilis.]

Defn: Capable of being; visible. "The aspectable world." Ray.
"Aspectable stars." Mrs. Browning.

ASPECTANT
As*pect"ant, a. (Her.)

Defn: Facing each other.

ASPECTED
As*pect"ed, a.

Defn: Having an aspect. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

ASPECTION
As*pec"tion, n. Etym: [L. aspectio, fr. aspicere to look at.]

Defn: The act of viewing; a look. [Obs.]

ASPECT RATIO
Aspect ratio. (Aëronautics)

Defn: The ratio of the long to the short side of an aëroplane,
aërocurve, or wing.

ASPEN; ASP
Asp"en, Asp, n. Etym: [AS. æsp, æps; akin to OHG. aspa, Icel. ösp,
Dan. æsp, Sw. asp, D. esp, G. espe, äspe, aspe; cf. Lettish apsa,
Lith. apuszis.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of several species of poplar bearing this name, especially
the Populus tremula, so called from the trembling of its leaves,
which move with the slightest impulse of the air.

ASPEN
Asp"en, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the aspen, or resembling it; made of aspen
wood.
Nor aspen leaves confess the gentlest breeze. Gay.

ASPER
As"per, a. Etym: [OE. aspre, OF. aspre, F. âpre, fr. L. asper rough.]

Defn: Rough; rugged; harsh; bitter; stern; fierce. [Archaic] "An
asper sound." Bacon.

ASPER
As"per, n. Etym: [L. spiritus asper rough breathing.] (Greek Gram.)

Defn: The rough breathing; a mark placed over an initial vowel sound
or over h before it; thus hws, pronounced h, hrj'twr, pronounced
hra\'b6t.

ASPER
As"per, n. Etym: [F. aspre or It. aspro, fr. MGr.

Defn: A Turkish money of account (formerly a coin), of little value;
the 120th part of a piaster.

ASPERATE
As"per*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Asperated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Asperating.] Etym: [L. asperatus, p. p. of asperare, fr. asper
rough.]

Defn: To make rough or uneven.
The asperated part of its surface. Boyle.

ASPERATION
As`per*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of asperating; a making or becoming rough. Bailey.

ASPERGES
As*per"ges, n. Etym: [L., Thou shalt sprinkle.] (R. C. Ch.)
(a) The service or ceremony of sprinkling with holy water.
(b) The brush or instrument used in sprinkling holy water; an
aspergill.

ASPERGILL; ASPERGILLUM
As"per*gill, As`per*gil"lum, n. Etym: [LL. aspergillum, fr. L.
aspergere. See Asperse, v. t.]

1. The brush used in the Roman Catholic church for sprinkling holy
water on the people. [Also written aspergillus.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wateringpot shell.

ASPERGILLIFORM
As`per*gil"li*form, a. Etym: [Aspergillum + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling the aspergillum in form; as, an aspergilliform
stigma. Gray.

ASPERIFOLIATE; ASPERIFOLIOUS
As`per*i*fo"li*ate, As`per*i*fo"li*ous, a. Etym: [L. asper rough +
folium leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having rough leaves.

Note: By some applied to the natural order now called Boraginaceæ or
borageworts.

ASPERITY
As*per"i*ty, n.; pl. Asperities. Etym: [L. asperitas, fr. asper
rough: cf. F. aspérité.]

1. Roughness of surface; unevenness; -- opposed to smoothness. "The
asperities of dry bodies." Boyle.

2. Roughness or harshness of sound; that quality which grates upon
the ear; raucity.

3. Roughness to the taste; sourness; tartness.

4. Moral roughness; roughness of manner; severity; crabbedness;
harshness; -- opposed to mildness. "Asperity of character." Landor.
It is no very cynical asperity not to confess obligations where no
benefit has been received. Johnson.

5. Sharpness; disagreeableness; difficulty.
The acclivities and asperities of duty. Barrow.

Syn.
 -- Acrimony; moroseness; crabbedness; harshness; sourness; tartness.
See Acrimony.

ASPERMATOUS
A*sper"ma*tous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Aspermous.

ASPERMOUS
A*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of seeds; aspermatous.

ASPERNE
A*sperne", v. t. Etym: [L. aspernari; a (ab) + spernari.]

Defn: To spurn; to despise. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

ASPEROUS
As"per*ous, a. Etym: [See Asper, a.]

Defn: Rough; uneven. Boyle.

ASPERSE
As*perse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aspersed; p. pr. & vb. n. Aspersing.]
Etym: [L. aspersus, p. p. of aspergere to scatter, sprinkle; ad +
spargere to strew. See Sparse.]

1. To sprinkle, as water or dust, upon anybody or anything, or to
besprinkle any one with a liquid or with dust. Heywood.

2. To bespatter with foul reports or false and injurious charges; to
tarnish in point of reputation or good name; to slander or
calumniate; as, to asperse a poet or his writings; to asperse a man's
character.
With blackest crimes aspersed. Cowper.

Syn.
 -- To slander; defame; detract from; calumniate; vilify.
 -- To Asperse, Defame, Slander, Calumniate. These words have in
common the idea of falsely assailing the character of another. To
asperse is figuratively to cast upon a character hitherto unsullied
the imputation of blemishes or faults which render it offensive or
loathsome. To defame is to detract from a man's honor and reputation
by charges calculated to load him with infamy. Slander
(etymologically the same as scandal) and calumniate, from the Latin,
have in common the sense of circulating reports to a man's injury
from unworthy or malicious motives. Men asperse their neighbors by
malignant insinuations; they defame by advancing charges to blacken
or sully their fair fame; they slander or calumniate by spreading
injurious reports which are false, or by magnifying slight faults
into serious errors or crimes.

ASPERSED
As*persed", a.

1. (Her.)

Defn: Having an indefinite number of small charges scattered or
strewed over the surface. Cussans.

2. Bespattered; slandered; calumniated. Motley.

ASPERSER
As*pers"er, n.

Defn: One who asperses; especially, one who vilifies another.

ASPERSION
As*per"sion, n. Etym: [L. aspersio, fr. aspergere: cf. F. aspersion.]

1. A sprinkling, as with water or dust, in a literal sense.
Behold an immersion, not and aspersion. Jer. Taylor.

2. The spreading of calumniations reports or charges which tarnish
reputation, like the bespattering of a body with foul water; calumny.
Every candid critic would be ashamed to cast wholesale aspersions on
the entire body of professional teachers. Grote.
Who would by base aspersions blot thy virtue. Dryden.

ASPERSIVE
As*pers"ive, a.

Defn: Tending to asperse; defamatory; slanderous.
 -- As*pers"ive*ly, adv.

ASPERSOIR
As`per`soir", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An aspergill.

ASPERSORIUM
As`per*so"ri*um, n.; pl. Aspplwsoria. Etym: [LL. See Asperse.]

1. The stoup, basin, or other vessel for holy water in Roman Catholic
churches.

2. A brush for sprinkling holy water; an aspergill.

ASPHALT; ASPHALTUM
As"phalt, As*phal"tum, n. Etym: [Gr. asphalte.]

1. Mineral pitch, Jews' pitch, or compact native bitumen. It is
brittle, of a black or brown color and high luster on a surface of
fracture; it melts and burns when heated, leaving no residue. It
occurs on the surface and shores of the Dead Sea, which is therefore
called Asphaltites, or the Asphaltic Lake. It is found also in many
parts of Asia, Europe, and America. See Bitumen.

2. A composition of bitumen, pitch, lime, and gravel, used for
forming pavements, and as a water-proof cement for bridges, roofs,
etc.; asphaltic cement. Artificial asphalt is prepared from coal tar,
lime, sand, etc. Asphalt stone, Asphalt rock, a limestone found
impregnated with asphalt.

ASPHALT
As"phalt, v. t.

Defn: To cover with asphalt; as, to asphalt a roof; asphalted
streets.

ASPHALTE
As`phalte", n. Etym: [F. See Asphalt.]

Defn: Asphaltic mastic or cement. See Asphalt, 2.

ASPHALTIC
As*phal"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, of the nature of, or containing, asphalt;
bituminous. "Asphaltic pool." "Asphaltic slime." Milton.

ASPHALTITE
As*phal"tite, a.

Defn: Asphaltic.

ASPHALTITE
As*phal"tite, a.

Defn: Asphaltic. Bryant.

ASPHALTUS
As*phal"tus, n.

Defn: See Asphalt.

ASPHODEL
As"pho*del, n. Etym: [L. asphodelus, Gr. Daffodil.] (Bot.)

Defn: A general name for a plant of the genus Asphodelus. The
asphodels are hardy perennial plants, several species of which are
cultivated for the beauty of their flowers.

Note: The name is also popularly given to species of other genera.
The asphodel of the early English and French poets was the daffodil.
The asphodel of the Greek poets is supposed to be the Narcissus
poeticus. Dr. Prior.
Pansies, and violets, and asphodel. Milton.

ASPHYCTIC
As*phyc"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to asphyxia.

ASPHYXIA; ASPHYXY
As*phyx"i*a, As*phyx"y, n. Etym: [NL. asphyxia, fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Apparent death, or suspended animation; the condition which
results from interruption of respiration, as in suffocation or
drowning, or the inhalation of irrespirable gases.

ASPHYXIAL
As*phyx"i*al, a.

Defn: Of or relating to asphyxia; as, asphyxial phenomena.

ASPHYXIATE
As*phyx"i*ate, v. t.

Defn: To bring to a state of asphyxia; to suffocate.

Note: [Used commonly in the past pple.]

ASPHYXIATED; ASPHYXIED
As*phyx"i*a`ted, As*phyx"ied, p. p.

Defn: In a state of asphyxia; suffocated.

ASPHYXIATION
As*phyx`i*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of causing asphyxia; a state of asphyxia.

ASPIC
As"pic, n. Etym: [F. See Asp.]

1. The venomous asp. [Chiefly poetic] Shak. Tennyson.

2. A piece of ordnance carrying a 12 pound shot. [Obs.]

ASPIC
As"pic, n. Etym: [F., a corrupt. of spic (OF. espi, F. épi), L. spica
(spicum, spicus), ear, spike. See Spike.]

Defn: A European species of lavender (Lavandula spica), which
produces a volatile oil. See Spike.

ASPIC
As"pic, n. Etym: [F., prob. fr. aspic an asp.]

Defn: A savory meat jelly containing portions of fowl, game, fish,
hard boiled eggs, etc. Thackeray.

ASPIDOBRANCHIA
As`pi*do*bran"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Gastropoda, with limpetlike shells, including the
abalone shells and keyhole limpets.

ASPIRANT
As*pir"ant, a. Etym: [Cf. F. aspirant, p. pr. of aspirer. See
Aspire.]

Defn: Aspiring.

ASPIRANT
As*pir"ant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. aspirant.]

Defn: One who aspires; one who eagerly seeks some high position or
object of attainment.
In consequence of the resignations . . . the way to greatness was
left clear to a new set of aspirants. Macaulay.

ASPIRATE
As"pi*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aspirated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Aspirating.] Etym: [L. aspiratus, p. p. of aspirare to breathe toward
or upon, to add the breathing h; ad + spirare to breathe, blow. Cf.
Aspire.]

Defn: To pronounce with a breathing, an aspirate, or an h sound; as,
we aspirate the words horse and house; to aspirate a vowel or a
liquid consonant.

ASPIRATE
As"pi*rate, n.

1. A sound consisting of, or characterized by, a breath like the
sound of h; the breathing h or a character representing such a sound;
an aspirated sound.

2. A mark of aspiration used in Greek; the asper, or rough breathing.
Bentley.

3. An elementary sound produced by the breath alone; a surd, or
nonvocal consonant; as, f, th in thin, etc.

ASPIRATE; ASPIRATED
As"pi*rate, As"pi*ra"ted, a. Etym: [L. aspiratus, p. p.]

Defn: Pronounced with the h sound or with audible breath.
But yet they are not aspirate, i. e., with such an aspiration as h.
Holder.

ASPIRATION
As`pi*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. aspiratio, fr. aspirare: cf. F.
aspiration.]

1. The act of aspirating; the pronunciation of a letter with a full
or strong emission of breath; an aspirated sound.
If aspiration be defined to be an impetus of breathing. Wilkins.

2. The act of breathing; a breath; an inspiration.

3. The act of aspiring of a ardently desiring; strong wish; high
desire. "Aspirations after virtue." Johnson.
Vague aspiration after military renown. Prescott.

ASPIRATOR
As"pi*ra`tor, n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus for passing air or gases through or over certain
liquids or solids, or for exhausting a closed vessel, by means of
suction.

2. (Med.)

Defn: An instrument for the evacuation of the fluid contents of
tumors or collections of blood.

ASPIRATORY
As*pir"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to breathing; suited to the inhaling of air

ASPIRE
As*pire", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Aspired; p. pr. & vb. n. Aspiring.]
Etym: [F. aspirer, L. aspirare. See Aspirate, v. t.]

1. To desire with eagerness; to seek to attain something high or
great; to pant; to long; -- followed by to or after, and rarely by
at; as, to aspire to a crown; to aspire after immorality.
Aspiring to be gods, if angels fell; Aspiring to be angels, men
rebel. Pope.

2. To rise; to ascend; to tower; to soar.
My own breath still foments the fire, Which flames as high as fancy
can aspire. Waller.

ASPIRE
As*pire", v. t.

Defn: To aspire to; to long for; to try to reach; to mount to. [Obs.]
That gallant spirit hath aspired the clouds. Shak.

ASPIRE
As*pire", n.

Defn: Aspiration. [Obs.] Chapman.

ASPIREMENT
As*pire"ment, n.

Defn: Aspiration. [Obs.]

ASPIRER
As*pir"er, n.

Defn: One who aspires.

ASPIRIN
As"pi*rin, n. (Pharm.)

Defn: A white crystalline compound of acetyl and salicylic acid used
as a drug for the salicylic acid liberated from it in the intestines.

ASPIRING
As*pir"ing, a.

Defn: That aspires; as, an Aspiring mind.
 -- As*pir"ing*ly, adv.
 -- As*pir"ing*ness, n.

ASPISH
Asp"ish, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, an asp.

ASPORTATION
As`por*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. asportatio, fr. asportare to carry away;
abs = ab + portare to bear, carry.] (Law)

Defn: The felonious removal of goods from the place where they were
deposited.

Note: It is adjudged to be larceny, though the goods are not carried
from the house or apartment. Blackstone.

ASPRAWL
A*sprawl", adv. & a.

Defn: Sprawling.

ASQUAT
A*squat", adv. & a.

Defn: Squatting.

ASQUINT
A*squint", adv. Etym: [Cf. Askant, Squint.]

Defn: With the eye directed to one side; not in the straight line of
vision; obliquely; awry, so as to see distortedly; as, to look
asquint.

ASS
Ass, n. Etym: [OE. asse, AS. assa; akin to Icel. asni, W. asen, asyn,
L. asinus, dim. aselus, Gr. esol, OHG. esil, G. esel, Goth. asilus,
Dan. æsel, Lith. asilas, Bohem. osel, Pol. osiel. The word is prob.
of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. ath she ass. Cf. Ease.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A quadruped of the genus Equus (E. asinus), smaller than the
horse, and having a peculiarly harsh bray and long ears. The tame or
domestic ass is patient, slow, and sure-footed, and has become the
type of obstinacy and stupidity. There are several species of wild
asses which are swift-footed.

2. A dull, heavy, stupid fellow; a dolt. Shak. Asses' Bridge. Etym:
[L. pons asinorum.] The fifth proposition of the first book of
Euclid, "The angles at the base of an isosceles triangle are equal to
one another." [Sportive] "A schoolboy, stammering out his Asses'
Bridge." F. Harrison.
 -- To make an ass of one's self, to do or say something very foolish
or absurd.

ASSAFOETIDA
As`sa*foet"i*da, n.

Defn: Same as Asafetida.

ASSAGAI; ASSEGAI
As"sa*gai, As"se*gai, n. Etym: [Pg. azagaia, Sp. azagaya, fr. a
Berber word. Cf. Lancegay.]

Defn: A spear used by tribes in South Africa as a missile and for
stabbing, a kind of light javelin.

ASSAI
As*sa"i. Etym: [It., fr. L. ad + satis enough. See Assets.] (Mus.)

Defn: A direction equivalent to very; as, adagio assai, very slow.

ASSAIL
As*sail", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Assailing.]
Etym: [OE. assailen, asailen, OF. asaillir, assailler, F. assaillir;
(L. ad) + saillir to burst out, project, fr. L. salire to leap,
spring; cf. L. assilire to leap or spring upon. See Sally.]

1. To attack with violence, or in a vehement and hostile manner; to
assault; to molest; as, to assail a man with blows; to assail a city
with artillery.
No rude noise mine ears assailing. Cowper.
No storm can now assail The charm he wears within. Keble.

2. To encounter or meet purposely with the view of mastering, as an
obstacle, difficulty, or the like.
The thorny wilds the woodmen fierce assail. Pope.

3. To attack morally, or with a view to produce changes in the
feelings, character, conduct, existing usages, institutions; to
attack by words, hostile influence, etc.; as, to assail one with
appeals, arguments, abuse, ridicule, and the like.
The papal authority . . . assailed. Hallam.
They assailed him with keen invective; they assailed him with still
keener irony. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- To attack; assault; invade; encounter; fall upon. See Attack.

ASSAILABLE
As*sail"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being assailed.

ASSAILANT
As*sail"ant, a. Etym: [F. assaillant, p. pr. of assaillir.]

Defn: Assailing; attacking. Milton.

ASSAILANT
As*sail"ant, n. Etym: [F. assaillant.]

Defn: One who, or that which, assails, attacks, or assaults; an
assailer.
An assailant of the church. Macaulay.

ASSAILER
As*sail"er, n.

Defn: One who assails.

ASSAILMENT
As*sail"ment, n.

Defn: The act or power of assailing; attack; assault. [R.]
His most frequent assailment was the headache. Johnson.

ASSAMAR
As"sa*mar, n. Etym: [L. assare to roast + amarus, bitter.] (Chem.)

Defn: The peculiar bitter substance, soft or liquid, and of a yellow
color, produced when meat, bread, gum, sugar, starch, and the like,
are roasted till they turn brown.

ASSAMESE
As`sam*ese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Assam, a province of British India, or to
its inhabitants.
 -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or natives of Assam.

ASSAPAN; ASSAPANIC
As`sa*pan", As`sa*pan"ic, n. Etym: [Prob. Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American flying squirrel (Pteromys volucella).

ASSART
As*sart", n. Etym: [OF. essart the grubbing up of trees, fr. essarter
to grub up or clear ground of bushes, shrubs, trees, etc., fr. LL.
exartum, exartare, for exsaritare; L. ex + sarire, sarrire, saritum,
to hoe, weed.]

1. (Old Law)

Defn: The act or offense of grubbing up trees and bushes, and thus
destroying the tickets or coverts of a forest. Spelman. Cowell.

2. A piece of land cleared of trees and bushes, and fitted for
cultivation; a clearing. Ash. Assart land, forest land cleared of
woods and brush.

ASSART
As*sart", v. t.

Defn: To grub up, as trees; to commit an assart upon; as, to assart
land or trees. Ashmole.

ASSASSIN
As*sas"sin, n. Etym: [F. (cf. It. assassino), fr. Ar. one who has
drunk of the hashish. Under its influence the Assassins of the East,
followers of the Shaikh al-Jabal (Old Man of the Mountain), were said
to commit the murders required by their chief.]

Defn: One who kills, or attempts to kill, by surprise or secret
assault; one who treacherously murders any one unprepared for
defense.

ASSASSIN
As*sas"sin, v. t.

Defn: To assassinate. [Obs.] Stillingfleet.

ASSASSINATE
As*sas"sin*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assassinated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Assassinating.] Etym: [LL. assassinatus, p. p. of assassinare.]

1. To kill by surprise or secret assault; to murder by treacherous
violence.
Help, neighbors, my house is broken open by force, and I am ravished,
and like to be assassinated. Dryden.

2. To assail with murderous intent; hence, by extended meaning, to
maltreat exceedingly. [Archaic]
Your rhymes assassinate our fame. Dryden.
Such usage as your honorable lords Afford me, assassinated and
betrayed. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To kill; murder; slay. See Kill.

ASSASSINATE
As*sas"sin*ate, n. Etym: [F. assassinat.]

1. An assassination, murder, or murderous assault. [Obs.]
If I had made an assassinate upon your father. B. Jonson.

2. An assassin. [Obs.] Dryden.

ASSASSINATION
As*sas`si*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act of assassinating; a killing by treacherous violence.

ASSASSINATOR
As*sas"si*na`tor, n.

Defn: An assassin.

ASSASSINOUS
As*sas"sin*ous, a.

Defn: Murderous. Milton.

ASSASTION
As*sas"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. assatio, fr. L. assare to roast.]

Defn: Roasting. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ASSAULT
As*sault", n. Etym: [OE. asaut, assaut, OF. assaut, asalt, F. assaut,
LL. assaltus; L. ad + saltus a leaping, a springing, salire to leap.
See Assail.]

1. A violent onset or attack with physical means, as blows, weapons,
etc.; an onslaught; the rush or charge of an attacking force; onset;
as, to make assault upon a man, a house, or a town.
The Spanish general prepared to renew the assault. Prescott.
Unshaken bears the assault Of their most dreaded foe, the strong
southwest. Wordsworth.

2. A violent onset or attack with moral weapons, as words, arguments,
appeals, and the like; as, to make an assault on the prerogatives of
a prince, or on the constitution of a government. Clarendon.

3. (Law)

Defn: An apparently violent attempt, or willful offer with force or
violence, to do hurt to another; an attempt or offer to beat another,
accompanied by a degree of violence, but without touching his person,
as by lifting the fist, or a cane, in a threatening manner, or by
striking at him, and missing him. If the blow aimed takes effect, it
is a battery. Blackstone. Wharton.
Practically, however, the word assault is used to include the
battery. Mozley & W.

Syn.
 -- Attack; invasion; incursion; descent; onset; onslaught; charge;
storm.

ASSAULT
As*sault", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assaulted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Assaulting.] Etym: [From Assault, n.: cf. OF. assaulter, LL.
assaltare.]

1. To make an assault upon, as by a sudden rush of armed men; to
attack with unlawful or insulting physical violence or menaces.
Insnared, assaulted, overcome, led bound. Milton.

2. To attack with moral means, or with a view of producing moral
effects; to attack by words, arguments, or unfriendly measures; to
assail; as, to assault a reputation or an administration.
Before the gates, the cries of babes newborn, . . . Assault his ears.
Dryden.

Note: In the latter sense, assail is more common.

Syn.
 -- To attack; assail; invade; encounter; storm; charge. See Attack.

ASSAULTABLE
As*sault"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being assaulted.

ASSAULTER
As*sault"er, n.

Defn: One who assaults, or violently attacks; an assailant. E. Hall.

ASSAY
As*say", n. Etym: [OF. asai, essai, trial, F. essa. See Essay, n.]

1. Trial; attempt; essay. [Obs.] Chaucer.
I am withal persuaded that it may prove much more easy in the assay
than it now seems at distance. Milton.

2. Examination and determination; test; as, an assay of bread or
wine. [Obs.]
This can not be, by no assay of reason. Shak.

3. Trial by danger or by affliction; adventure; risk; hardship; state
of being tried. [Obs.]
Through many hard assays which did betide. Spenser.

4. Tested purity or value. [Obs.]
With gold and pearl of rich assay. Spenser.

5. (Metallurgy)

Defn: The act or process of ascertaining the proportion of a
particular metal in an ore or alloy; especially, the determination of
the proportion of gold or silver in bullion or coin.

6. The alloy or metal to be assayed. Ure. Assay and essay are
radically the same word; but modern usage has appropriated assay
chiefly to experiments in metallurgy, and essay to intellectual and
bodily efforts. See Essay.]

Note: Assay is used adjectively or as the first part of a compound;
as, assay balance, assay furnace. Assay master, an officer who assays
or tests gold or silver coin or bullion.
 -- Assay ton, a weight of 29.1662/3 grams.

ASSAY
As*say", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Assaying.]
Etym: [OF. asaier, essaier, F. essayer, fr. essai. See Assay, n.,
Essay, v.]

1. To try; to attempt; to apply. [Obs. or Archaic]
To-night let us assay our plot. Shak.
Soft words to his fierce passion she assayed. Milton.

2. To affect. [Obs.]
When the heart is ill assayed. Spenser.

3. To try tasting, as food or drink. [Obs.]

4. To subject, as an ore, alloy, or other metallic compound, to
chemical or metallurgical examination, in order to determine the
amount of a particular metal contained in it, or to ascertain its
composition.

ASSAY
As*say", v. i.

Defn: To attempt, try, or endeavor. [Archaic. In this sense essay is
now commonly used.]
She thrice assayed to speak. Dryden.

ASSAYABLE
As*say"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be assayed.

ASSAYER
As*say"er, n.

Defn: One who assays. Specifically: One who examines metallic ores or
compounds, for the purpose of determining the amount of any
particular metal in the same, especially of gold or silver.

ASSAYING
As*say"ing, n.

Defn: The act or process of testing, esp. of analyzing or examining
metals and ores, to determine the proportion of pure metal.

ASSAY POUND
As"say pound.

Defn: A small standard weight used in assaying bullion, etc.,
sometimes equaling 0.5 gram, but varying with the assayer.

ASSAY TON
Assay ton.

Defn: A weight of 29.166 + grams used in assaying, for convenience.
Since it bears the same relation to the milligram that a ton of 2000
avoirdupois pounds does to the troy ounce, the weight in milligrams
of precious metal obtained from an assay ton of ore gives directly
the number of ounces to the ton.

ASSE
Asse, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small foxlike animal (Vulpes cama) of South Africa, valued
for its fur.

ASSECURATION
As`se*cu*ra"tion, n. Etym: [LL. assecuratio, fr. assecurare.]

Defn: Assurance; certainty. [Obs.]

ASSECURE
As`se*cure", v. t. Etym: [LL. assecurare.]

Defn: To make sure or safe; to assure. [Obs.] Hooker.

ASSECUTION
As`se*cu"tion, n. Etym: [F. assécution, fr. L. assequi to obtain; ad
+ sequi to follow.]

Defn: An obtaining or acquiring. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

ASSEGAI
As"se*gai, n.

Defn: Same as Assagai.

ASSEMBLAGE
As*sem"blage, n. Etym: [Cf. F. assemblage. See Assemble.]

1. The act of assembling, or the state o
In sweet assemblage every blooming grace. Fenton.

2. A collection of individuals, or of individuals, or of particular
things; as, a political assemblage; an assemblage of ideas.

Syn.
 -- Company; group; collection; concourse; gathering; meeting;
convention. Assemblage, Assembly. An assembly consists only of
persons; an assemblage may be composed of things as well as persons,
as, an assemblage of incoherent objects. Nor is every assemblage of
persons an assembly; since the latter term denotes a body who have
met, and are acting, in concert for some common end, such as to hear,
to deliberate, to unite in music, dancing, etc. An assemblage of
skaters on a lake, or of horse jockeys at a race course, is not an
assembly, but might be turned into one by collecting into a body with
a view to discuss and decide as to some object of common interest.

ASSEMBLANCE
As*sem"blance, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. assemblance.]

1. Resemblance; likeness; appearance. [Obs.]
Care I for the . . . stature, bulk, and big assemblance of a man
Shak.

2. An assembling; assemblage. [Obs.]
To weete [know] the cause of their assemblance. Spenser.

ASSEMBLE
As*sem"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assembled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Assembling.] Etym: [F. assembler, fr. LL. assimulare to bring
together to collect; L. ad + simul together; akin to similis like,
Gr. same. Cf. Assimilate, Same.]

Defn: To collect into one place or body; to bring or call together;
to convene; to congregate.
Thither he assembled all his train. Milton.
All the men of Israel assembled themselves. 1 Kings viii. 2.

ASSEMBLE
As*sem"ble, v. i.

Defn: To meet or come together, as a number of individuals; to
convene; to congregate. Dryden.
The Parliament assembled in November. W. Massey.

ASSEMBLE
As*sem"ble, v. i.

Defn: To liken; to compare. [Obs.]
Bribes may be assembled to pitch. Latimer.

ASSEMBLER
As*sem"bler, n.

Defn: One who assembles a number of individuals; also, one of a
number assembled.

ASSEMBLY
As*sem"bly, n.; pl. Assemblies. Etym: [F. assemblée, fr. assembler.
See Assemble.]

1. A company of persons collected together in one place, and usually
for some common purpose, esp. for deliberation and legislation, for
worship, or for social entertainment.

2. A collection of inanimate objects. [Obs.] Howell.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A beat of the drum or sound of the bugle as a signal to troops
to assemble.

Note: In some of the United States, the legislature, or the popular
branch of it, is called the Assembly, or the General Assembly. In the
Presbyterian Church, the General Assembly is the highest
ecclesiastical tribunal, composed of ministers and ruling elders
delegated from each presbytery; as, the General Assembly of the
Presbyterian Church in the United States, or of Scotland. Assembly
room, a room in which persons assemble, especially for dancing.
 -- Unlawful assembly (Law), a meeting of three or more persons on a
common plan, in such a way as to cause a reasonable apprehension that
they will disturb the peace tumultuously.
 -- Westminster Assembly, a convocation, consisting chiefly of
divines, which, by act of Parliament, assembled July 1, 1643, and
remained in session some years. It framed the "Confession of Faith,"
the "Larger Catechism," and the "Shorter Catechism," which are still
received as authority by Presbyterians, and are substantially
accepted by Congregationalists.

Syn.
 -- See Assemblage.

ASSEMBLYMAN
As*sem"bly*man, n.; pl. Assemblymen.

Defn: A member of an assembly, especially of the lower branch of a
state legislature.

ASSENT
As*sent", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assented; p. pr. & vb. n. Assenting.]
Etym: [F. assentir, L. assentire, assentiri; ad + sentire to feel,
think. See Sense.]

Defn: To admit a thing as true; to express one's agreement,
acquiescence, concurrence, or concession.
Who informed the governor . . . And the Jews also assented, saying
that these things were so. Acts xxiv. 9.
The princess assented to all that was suggested. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- To yield; agree; acquiesce; concede; concur.

ASSENT
As*sent", n. Etym: [OE. assent, fr. assentir. See Assent, v.]

Defn: The act of assenting; the act of the mind in admitting or
agreeing to anything; concurrence with approval; consent; agreement;
acquiescence.
Faith is the assent to any proposition, on the credit of the
proposer. Locke.
The assent, if not the approbation, of the prince. Prescott.
Too many people read this ribaldry with assent and admiration.
Macaulay.
Royal assent, in England, the assent of the sovereign to a bill which
has passed both houses of Parliament, after which it becomes law.

Syn.
 -- Concurrence; acquiescence; approval; accord.
 -- Assent, Consent. Assent is an act of the understanding, consent
of the will or feelings. We assent to the views of others when our
minds come to the same conclusion with theirs as to what is true,
right, or admissible. We consent when there is such a concurrence of
our will with their desires and wishes that we decide to comply with
their requests. The king of England gives his assent, not his
consent, to acts of Parliament, because, in theory at least, he is
not governed by personal feelings or choice, but by a deliberate,
judgment as to the common good. We also use assent in cases where a
proposal is made which involves but little interest or feeling. A
lady may assent to a gentleman's opening the window; but if he offers
himself in marriage, he must wait for her consent.

ASSENTATION
As`sen*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. assentatio. See Assent, v.]

Defn: Insincere, flattering, or obsequious assent; hypocritical or
pretended concurrence.
Abject flattery and indiscriminate assentation degrade as much as
indiscriminate contradiction and noisy debate disgust. Ld.
Chesterfield.

ASSENTATOR
As`sen*ta"tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. assentari to assent constantly.]

Defn: An obsequious; a flatterer. [R.]

ASSENTATORY
As*sent"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Flattering; obsequious. [Obs.] -- As*sent"a*to*ri*ly, adv.
[Obs.]

ASSENTER
As*sent"er, n.

Defn: One who assents.

ASSENTIENT
As*sen"tient, a.

Defn: Assenting.

ASSENTING
As*sent"ing, a.

Defn: Giving or implying assent.
 -- As*sent"ing*ly, adv.

ASSENTIVE
As*sent"ive, a.

Defn: Giving assent; of the nature of assent; complying.
 -- As*sent"ive*ness, n.

ASSENTMENT
As*sent"ment, n.

Defn: Assent; agreement. [Obs.]

ASSERT
As*sert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Asserted; p. pr. & vb. n. Asserting.]
Etym: [L. assertus, p. p. of asserere to join or fasten to one's
self, claim, maintain; ad + serere to join or bind together. See
Series.]

1. To affirm; to declare with assurance, or plainly and strongly; to
state positively; to aver; to asseverate.
Nothing is more shameful . . . than to assert anything to be done
without a cause. Ray.

2. To maintain; to defend. [Obs. or Archaic]
That . . . I may assert Eternal Providence, And justify the ways of
God to men. Milton.
I will assert it from the scandal. Jer. Taylor.

3. To maintain or defend, as a cause or a claim, by words or
measures; to vindicate a claim or title to; as, to assert our rights
and liberties. To assert one's self, to claim or vindicate one's
rights or position; to demand recognition.

Syn.
 -- To affirm; aver; asseverate; maintain; protest; pronounce;
declare; vindicate.
 -- To Assert, Affirm, Maintain, Vindicate. To assert is to fasten to
one's self, and hence to claim. It is, therefore, adversative in its
nature. We assert our rights and privileges, or the cause of tree
institutions, as against opposition or denial. To affirm is to
declare as true. We assert boldly; we affirm positively. To maintain
is to uphold, and insist upon with earnestness, whatever we have once
asserted; as, to maintain one's cause, to maintain an argument, to
maintain the ground we have taken. To vindicate is to use language
and measures of the strongest kind, in defense of ourselves and those
for whom we act. We maintain our assertions by adducing proofs,
facts, or arguments; we are ready to vindicate our rights or
interests by the utmost exertion of our powers.

ASSERTER
As*sert"er, n.

Defn: One who asserts; one who avers pr maintains; an assertor.
The inflexible asserter of the rights of the church. Milman.

ASSERTION
As*ser"tion, n. Etym: [L. assertio, fr. asserere.]

1. The act of asserting, or that which is asserted; positive
declaration or averment; affirmation; statement asserted; position
advanced.
There is a difference between assertion and demonstration. Macaulay.

2. Maintenance; vindication; as, the assertion of one's rights or
prerogatives.

ASSERTIVE
As*sert"ive, a.

Defn: Positive; affirming confidently; affirmative; peremptory.
In a confident and assertive form. Glanvill.
As*sert"ive*ly, adv.
 -- As*sert"ive*ness, n.

ASSERTOR
As*sert"or, n. Etym: [L., fr. asserere.]

Defn: One who asserts or avers; one who maintains or vindicates a
claim or a right; an affirmer, supporter, or vindicator; a defender;
an asserter.
The assertors of liberty said not a word. Macaulay.
Faithful assertor of thy country's cause. Prior.

ASSERTORIAL
As`ser*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Asserting that a thing is; -- opposed to problematical and
apodeictical.

ASSERTORY
As*sert"o*ry, a. Etym: [L. assertorius, fr. asserere.]

Defn: Affirming; maintaining.
Arguments . . . assertory, not probatory. Jer. Taylor.
An assertory, not a promissory, declaration. Bentham.
A proposition is assertory, when it enounces what is known as actual.
Sir W. Hamilton.

ASSESS
As*sess", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assessed; p. pr. & vb. n. Assessing.]
Etym: [OF. assesser to regulate, settle, LL. assessare to value for
taxation, fr. L. assidere, supine as if assessum, to sit by, esp. of
judges in a court, in LL. to assess, tax. Cf. Assize, v., Cess.]

1. To value; to make a valuation or official estimate of for the
purpose of taxation.

2. To apportion a sum to be paid by (a person, a community, or an
estate), in the nature of a tax, fine, etc.; to impose a tax upon (a
person, an estate, or an income) according to a rate or
apportionment.

3. To determine and impose a tax or fine upon (a person, community,
estate, or income); to tax; as, the club assessed each member twenty-
five cents.

4. To fix or determine the rate or amount of.
This sum is assessed and raised upon individuals by commissioners in
the act. Blackstone.

ASSESSABLE
As*sess"a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to be assessed or taxed; as, assessable property.

ASSESSEE
As`sess*ee", n.

Defn: One who is assessed.

ASSESSION
As*ses"sion, n. Etym: [L. assessio, fr. assid to sit by or near; ad +
sed to sit. See Sit.]

Defn: A sitting beside or near.

ASSESSMENT
As*sess"ment, n. Etym: [LL. assessamentum.]

1. The act of assessing; the act of determining an amount to be paid;
as, an assessment of damages, or of taxes; an assessment of the
members of a club.

2. A valuation of property or profits of business, for the purpose of
taxation; such valuation and an adjudging of the proper sum to be
levied on the property; as, an assessment of property or an
assessment on property.

Note: An assessment is a valuation made by authorized persons
according to their discretion, as opposed to a sum certain or
determined by law. It is a valuation of the property of those who are
to pay the tax, for the purpose of fixing the proportion which each
man shall pay. Blackstone. Burrill.

3. The specific sum levied or assessed.

4. An apportionment of a subscription for stock into successive
installments; also, one of these installments (in England termed a
"call"). [U. S.]

ASSESSOR
As*sess"or, n. Etym: [L., one who sits beside, the assistant of a
judge, fr. assid. See Assession. LL., one who arranges of determines
the taxes, fr. assid. See Assess, v., and cf. Cessor.]

1. One appointed or elected to assist a judge or magistrate with his
special knowledge of the subject to be decided; as legal assessors,
nautical assessors. Mozley & W.

2. One who sits by another, as next in dignity, or as an assistant
and adviser; an associate in office.
Whence to his Son, The assessor of his throne, he thus began. Milton.
With his ignorance, his inclinations, and his fancy, as his assessors
in judgment. I. Taylor.

3. One appointed to assess persons or property for the purpose of
taxation. Bouvier.

ASSESSORIAL
As`ses*so"ri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. assessorial, fr. L. assessor.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an assessor, or to a court of assessors.
Coxe.

ASSESSORSHIP
As*sess"or*ship, n.

Defn: The office or function of an assessor.

ASSET
As"set, n.

Defn: Any article or separable part of one's assets.

ASSETS
As"sets, n. pl. Etym: [OF. asez enough, F. assez, fr. L. ad + satis,
akin to Gr. saps full. Cf. Assai, Satisfy.]

1. (Law)
(a) Property of a deceased person, subject by law to the payment of
his debts and legacies; -- called assets because sufficient to render
the executor or administrator liable to the creditors and legatees,
so far as such goods or estate may extend. Story. Blackstone.
(b) Effects of an insolvent debtor or bankrupt, applicable to the
payment of debts.

2. The entire property of all sorts, belonging to a person, a
corporation, or an estate; as, the assets of a merchant or a trading
association; -- opposed to liabilities.

Note: In balancing accounts the assets are put on the Cr. side and
the debts on the Dr. side.

ASSEVER
As*sev"er, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. asseverer, fr. L. asseverare.]

Defn: See Asseverate. [Archaic]

ASSEVERATE
As*sev"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Asseverated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Asseverating.] Etym: [L. asseveratus, p. p. of asseverare to assert
seriously or earnestly; ad + severus. See Severe.]

Defn: To affirm or aver positively, or with solemnity.

Syn.
 -- To affirm; aver; protest; declare. See Affirm.

ASSEVERATION
As*sev`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. asseveratio.]

Defn: The act of asseverating, or that which is asseverated; positive
affirmation or assertion; solemn declaration.
Another abuse of the tongue I might add, -- vehement asseverations
upon slight and trivial occasions. Ray.

ASSEVERATIVE
As*sev"er*a*tive, a.

Defn: Characterized by asseveration; asserting positively.

ASSEVERATORY
As*sev"er*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Asseverative.

ASSIBILATE
As*sib"i*late, v. t. Etym: [L. assibilatus, p. p. of assibilare to
hiss out; ad + sibilare to hiss.]

Defn: To make sibilant; to change to a sibilant. J. Peile.

ASSIBILATION
As*sib`i*la"tion, n.

Defn: Change of a non-sibilant letter to a sibilant, as of -tion to -
shun, duke to ditch.

ASSIDEAN
As`si*de"an, n. Etym: [Heb. khasad to be pious.]

Defn: One of a body of devoted Jews who opposed the Hellenistic Jews,
and supported the Asmoneans.

ASSIDENT
As"si*dent, a. Etym: [L. assidens, p. pr. of assid to sit by: cf. F.
assident. See Assession.] (Med.)

Defn: Usually attending a disease, but not always; as, assident
signs, or symptoms.

ASSIDUATE
As*sid"u*ate, a. Etym: [L. assiduatus, p. p. of assiduare to use
assiduously.]

Defn: Unremitting; assiduous. [Obs.] "Assiduate labor." Fabyan.

ASSIDUITY
As`si*du"i*ty, n.; pl. Assiduities. Etym: [L. assiduitas: cf. F.
assiduite. See Assiduous.]

1. Constant or close application or attention, particularly to some
business or enterprise; diligence.
I have, with much pains and assiduity, qualified myself for a
nomenclator. Addison.

2. Studied and persevering attention to a person; -- usually in the
plural.

ASSIDUOUS
As*sid"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. assiduus, fr. assid to sit near or close;
ad + sed to sit. See Sit.]

1. Constant in application or attention; devoted; attentive;
unremitting.
She grows more assiduous in her attendance. Addison.

2. Performed with constant diligence or attention; unremitting;
persistent; as, assiduous labor.
To weary him with my assiduous cries. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Diligent; attentive; sedulous; unwearied; unintermitted;
persevering; laborious; indefatigable. As*sid"u*ous*ly, adv.
 -- As*sid"u*ous*ness, n.

ASSIEGE
As*siege", v. t. Etym: [OE. asegen, OF. asegier, F. assiéger, fr. LL.
assediare, assidiare, to besiege. See Siege.]

Defn: To besiege. [Obs.] "Assieged castles." Spenser.

ASSIEGE
As*siege", n.

Defn: A siege. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ASSIENTIST
As`si*en"tist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. assientiste, Sp. asentista.]

Defn: A shareholder of the Assiento company; one of the parties to
the Assiento contract. Bancroft.

ASSIENTO
As`si*en"to, n. Etym: [Sp. asiento seat, contract or agreement, fr.
asentar to place on a chair, to adjust, to make an agreement; a (L.
ad) + sentar, a participial verb; as if there were a L. sedentare to
cause to sit, fr. sedens, sedentis, p. pr. of sed to sit.]

Defn: A contract or convention between Spain and other powers for
furnishing negro slaves for the Spanish dominions in America, esp.
the contract made with Great Britain in 1713.

ASSIGN
As*sign", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assigned; p. pr. & vb. n. Assigning.]
Etym: [OE. assignen, asignen, F. assigner, fr. L. assignare; ad +
signare to mark, mark out, designate, signum mark, sign. See Sign.]

1. To appoint; to allot; to apportion; to make over.
In the order I assign to them. Loudon.
The man who could feel thus was worthy of a better station than that
in which his lot had been assigned. Southey.
He assigned to his men their several posts. Prescott.

2. To fix, specify, select, or designate; to point out
authoritatively or exactly; as, to assign a limit; to assign counsel
for a prisoner; to assign a day for trial.
All as the dwarf the way to her assigned. Spenser.
It is not easy to assign a period more eventful. De Quincey.

3. (Law)

Defn: To transfer, or make over to another, esp. to transfer to, and
vest in, certain persons, called assignees, for the benefit of
creditors. To assign dower, to set out by metes and bounds the
widow's share or portion in an estate. Kent.

ASSIGN
As*sign", n. Etym: [From Assign, v.]

Defn: A thing pertaining or belonging to something else; an
appurtenance. [Obs.]
Six French rapiers and poniards, with their assigns, as girdles,
hangers, and so. Shak.

ASSIGN
As*sign", n. Etym: [See Assignee.] (Law)

Defn: A person to whom property or an interest is transferred; as, a
deed to a man and his heirs and assigns.

ASSIGNABILITY
As*sign`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being assignable.

ASSIGNABLE
As*sign"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being assigned, allotted, specified, or designated;
as, an assignable note or bill; an assignable reason; an assignable
quantity.

ASSIGNAT
As`si`gnat", n. Etym: [F. assignat, fr. L. assignatus, p. p. of
assignare.]

Defn: One of the notes, bills, or bonds, issued as currency by the
revolutionary government of France (1790-1796), and based on the
security of the lands of the church and of nobles which had been
appropriated by the state.

ASSIGNATION
As`sig*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. assignatio, fr. assignare: cf. F.
assignation.]

1. The act of assigning or allotting; apportionment.
This order being taken in the senate, as touching the appointment and
assignation of those provinces. Holland.

2. An appointment of time and place for meeting or interview; -- used
chiefly of love interviews, and now commonly in a bad sense.
While nymphs take treats, or assignations give. Pope.

3. A making over by transfer of title; assignment. House of
assignation, a house in which appointments for sexual intercourse are
fulfilled.

ASSIGNEE
As`sign*ee", n. Etym: [F. assigné, p. p. of assigner. See Assign, v.,
and cf. Assign an assignee.] (Law)
(a) A person to whom an assignment is made; a person appointed or
deputed by another to do some act, perform some business, or enjoy
some right, privilege, or property; as, an assignee of a bankrupt.
See Assignment (c). An assignee may be by special appointment or
deed, or be created by jaw; as an executor. Cowell. Blount. (b) pl.

Defn: In England, the persons appointed, under a commission of
bankruptcy, to manage the estate of a bankrupt for the benefit of his
creditors.

ASSIGNER
As*sign"er, n.

Defn: One who assigns, appoints, allots, or apportions.

ASSIGNMENT
As*sign"ment, n. Etym: [LL. assignamentum: cf. OF. assenement.]

1. An allotting or an appointment to a particular person or use; or
for a particular time, as of a cause or causes in court.

2. (Law)
(a) A transfer of title or interest by writing, as of lease, bond,
note, or bill of exchange; a transfer of the whole of some particular
estate or interest in lands.
(b) The writing by which an interest is transferred.
(c) The transfer of the property of a bankrupt to certain persons
called assignees, in whom it is vested for the benefit of creditors.
Assignment of dower, the setting out by metes and bounds of the
widow's thirds or portion in the deceased husband's estate, and
allotting it to her.

Note: Assignment is also used in law as convertible with
specification; assignment of error in proceedings for review being
specification of error; and assignment of perjury or fraud in
indictment being specifications of perjury or fraud.

ASSIGNOR
As`sign*or", n. Etym: [L. assignator. Cf. Assigner.] (Law)

Defn: An assigner; a person who assigns or transfers an interest; as,
the assignor of a debt or other chose in action.

ASSIMILABILITY
As*sim`i*la*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being assimilable. [R.] Coleridge.

ASSIMILABLE
As*sim"i*la*ble, a.

Defn: That may be assimilated; that may be likened, or appropriated
and incorporated.

ASSIMILATE
As*sim"i*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assimilated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Assimilating.] Etym: [L. assimilatus, p. p. of assimilare; ad +
similare to make like, similis like. See Similar, Assemble,
Assimilate.]

1. To bring to a likeness or to conformity; to cause a resemblance
between. Sir M. Hale.
To assimilate our law to the law of Scotland. John Bright.
Fast falls a fleecy; the downy flakes Assimilate all objects. Cowper.

2. To liken; to compa [R.]

3. To appropriate and transform or incorporate into the substance of
the assimilating body; to absorb or appropriate, as nourishment; as,
food is assimilated and converted into organic tissue.
Hence also animals and vegetables may assimilate their nourishment.
Sir I. Newton.
His mind had no power to assimilate the lessons. Merivale.

ASSIMILATE
As*sim"i*late, v. i.

1. To become similar or like something else. [R.]

2. To change and appropriate nourishment so as to make it a part of
the substance of the assimilating body.
Aliment easily assimilated or turned into blood. Arbuthnot.

3. To be converted into the substance of the assimilating body; to
become incorporated; as, some kinds of food assimilate more readily
than others.
I am a foreign material, and cannot assimilate with the church of
England. J. H. Newman.

ASSIMILATION
As*sim`i*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. assimilatio: cf. F. assimilation.]

1. The act or process of assimilating or bringing to a resemblance,
likeness, or identity; also, the state of being so assimilated; as,
the assimilation of one sound to another.
To aspire to an assimilation with God. Dr. H. More.
The assimilation of gases and vapors. Sir J. Herschel.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The conversion of nutriment into the fluid or solid substance
of the body, by the processes of digestion and absorption, whether in
plants or animals.
Not conversing the body, not repairing it by assimilation, but
preserving it by ventilation. Sir T. Browne.

Note: The term assimilation has been limited by some to the final
process by which the nutritive matter of the blood is converted into
the substance of the tissues and organs.

ASSIMILATIVE
As*sim"i*la*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. assimilativus, F. assimilatif.]

Defn: Tending to, or characterized by, assimilation; that assimilates
or causes assimilation; as, an assimilative process or substance.

ASSIMILATORY
As*sim"i*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to assimilate, or produce assimilation; as,
assimilatory organs.

ASSIMULATE
As*sim"u*late, v. t. Etym: [L. assimulatus, p. p. of assimulare,
equiv. to assimilare. See Assimilate, v. t.]

1. To feign; to counterfeit; to simulate; to resemble. [Obs.] Blount.

2. To assimilate. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

ASSIMULATION
As*sim`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. assimulatio, equiv. to assimilatio.]

Defn: Assimilation. [Obs.] Bacon.

ASSINEGO
As`si*ne"go, n.

Defn: See Asinego.

ASSISH
Ass"ish, a.

Defn: Resembling an ass; asinine; stupid or obstinate.
Such . . . appear to be of the assich kind . . . Udall.

ASSIST
As*sist", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Assisting.]
Etym: [L. assistere; ad + sistere to cause to stand, to stand, from
stare to stand: cf. F. assister. See Stand.]

Defn: To give support to in some undertaking or effort, or in time of
distress; to help; to aid; to succor.
Assist me, knight. I am undone! Shak.

Syn.
 -- To help; aid; second; back; support; relieve; succor; befriend;
sustain; favor. See Help.

ASSIST
As*sist", v. i.

1. To lend aid; to help.
With God not parted from him, as was feared, But favoring and
assisting to the end. Milton.

2. To be present as a spectator; as, to assist at a public meeting.
[A Gallicism] Gibbon. Prescott.

ASSISTANCE
As*sist"ance, n. Etym: [Cf. F. assistance.]

1. The act of assisting; help; aid; furtherance; succor; support.
Without the assistance of a mortal hand. Shak.

2. An assistant or helper; a body of helpers. [Obs.]
Wat Tyler [was] killed by valiant Walworth, the lord mayor of London,
and his assistance, . . . John Cavendish. Fuller.

3. Persons present. [Obs. or a Gallicism]

ASSISTANT
As*sist"ant, a. Etym: [Cf. F. assistant, p. pr. of assister.]

1. Helping; lending aid or support; auxiliary.
Genius and learning . . . are mutually and greatly assistant to each
other. Beattie.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: Of the second grade in the staff of the army; as, an assistant
surgeon. [U.S.]

Note: In the English army it designates the third grade in any
particular branch of the staff. Farrow.

ASSISTANT
As*sist"ant, n.

1. One who, or that which, assists; a helper; an auxiliary; a means
of help.
Four assistants who his labor share. Pope.
Rhymes merely as assistants to memory. Mrs. Chapone.

2. An attendant; one who is present. Dryden.

ASSISTANTLY
As*sist"ant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner to give aid. [R.]

ASSISTER
As*sist"er, n.

Defn: An assistant; a helper.

ASSISTFUL
As*sist"ful, a.

Defn: Helpful.

ASSISTIVE
As*sist"ive, a.

Defn: Lending aid, helping.

ASSISTLESS
As*sist"less, a.

Defn: Without aid or help. [R.] Pope.

ASSISTOR
As*sist"or, n. (Law)

Defn: A assister.

ASSITHMENT
As*sith"ment, n.

Defn: See Assythment. [Obs.]

ASSIZE
As*size", n. Etym: [OE. assise, asise, OF. assise, F. assises,
assembly of judges, the decree pronounced by them, tax, impost, fr.
assis, assise, p. p. of asseoir, fr. L. assid to sit by; ad + sed to
sit. See Sit, Size, and cf. Excise, Assess.]

1. An assembly of knights and other substantial men, with a bailiff
or justice, in a certain place and at a certain time, for public
business. [Obs.]

2. (Law)
(a) A special kind of jury or inquest.
(b) A kind of writ or real action.
(c) A verdict or finding of a jury upon such writ.
(d) A statute or ordinance in general. Specifically: (1) A statute
regulating the weight, measure, and proportions of ingredients and
the price of articles sold in the market; as, the assize of bread and
other provisions; (2) A statute fixing the standard of weights and
measures.
(e) Anything fixed or reduced to a certainty in point of time,
number, quantity, quality, weight, measure, etc.; as, rent of assize.
Glanvill. Spelman. Cowell. Blackstone. Tomlins. Burrill.

Note: [This term is not now used in England in the sense of a writ or
real action, and seldom of a jury of any kind, but in Scotch practice
it is still technically applied to the jury in criminal cases.
Stephen. Burrill. Erskine.]
(f) A court, the sitting or session of a court, for the trial of
processes, whether civil or criminal, by a judge and jury.
Blackstone. Wharton. Encyc. Brit.
(g) The periodical sessions of the judges of the superior courts in
every county of England for the purpose of administering justice in
the trial and determination of civil and criminal cases; -- usually
in the plural. Brande. Wharton. Craig. Burrill.
(h) The time or place of holding the court of assize; -- generally in
the plural, assizes.

3. Measure; dimension; size. [In this sense now corrupted into size.]
An hundred cubits high by just assize. Spenser.
[Formerly written, as in French, assise.]

ASSIZE
As*size", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assized; p. pr. & vb. n. Assizing.]
Etym: [From Assize, n.: cf. LL. assisare to decree in assize. Cf.
Asses, v.]

1. To assess; to value; to rate. [Obs.] Gower.

2. To fix the weight, measure, or price of, by an ordinance or
regulation of authority. [Obs.]

ASSIZER
As*siz"er, n.

Defn: An officer who has the care or inspection of weights and
measures, etc.

ASSIZOR
As*siz"or, n. (Scots Law)

Defn: A juror.

ASSOBER
As*so"ber, v. t. Etym: [Pref. ad- + sober. Cf. Ensober.]

Defn: To make or keep sober. [Obs.] Gower.

ASSOCIABILITY
As*so`cia*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being associable, or capable of association;
associableness. "The associability of feelings." H. Spencer.

ASSOCIABLE
As*so"cia*ble, a. Etym: [See Associate.]

1. Capable of being associated or joined.
We know feelings to be associable only by the proved ability of one
to revive another. H. Spencer.

2. Sociable; companionable. [Obs.]

3. (Med.)

Defn: Liable to be affected by sympathy with other parts; -- said of
organs, nerves, muscles, etc.
The stomach, the most associable of all the organs of the animal
body. Med. Rep.

ASSOCIABLENESS
As*so"cia*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Associability.

ASSOCIATE
As*so"ci*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Associated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Associating.] Etym: [L. associatus, p. p. of associare; ad + sociare
to join or unite, socius companion. See Social.]

1. To join with one, as a friend, companion, partner, or confederate;
as, to associate others with .

2. To join or connect; to combine in acting; as, particles of gold
associated with other substances.

3. To connect or place together in thought.
He succeeded in associating his name inseparably with some names
which will last an long as our language. Macaulay.

4. To accompany; to keep company with. [Obs.]
Friends should associate friends in grief and woe. Shak.

ASSOCIATE
As*so"ci*ate, v. i.

1. To unite in company; to keep company, implying intimacy; as,
congenial minds are disposed to associate.

2. To unite in action, or to be affected by the action of a different
part of the body. E. Darwin.

ASSOCIATE
As*so"ci*ate, a. Etym: [L. associatus, p. p.]

1. Closely connected or joined with some other, as in interest,
purpose, employment, or office; sharing responsibility or authority;
as, an associate judge.
While I descend . . . to my associate powers. Milton.

2. Admitted to some, but not to all, rights and privileges; as, an
associate member.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: Connected by habit or sympathy; as, associate motions, such as
occur sympathetically, in consequence of preceding motions. E.
Darwin.

ASSOCIATE
As*so"ci*ate, n.

1. A companion; one frequently in company with another, implying
intimacy or equality; a mate; a fellow.

2. A partner in interest, as in business; or a confederate in a
league.

3. One connected with an association or institution without the full
rights or privileges of a regular member; as, an associate of the
Royal Academy.

4. Anything closely or usually connected with another; an
concomitant.
The one [idea] no sooner comes into the understanding, than its
associate appears with it. Locke.

Syn.
 -- Companion; mate; fellow; friend; ally; partner; coadjutor;
comrade; accomplice.

ASSOCIATED
As*so"ci*a`ted, a.

Defn: Joined as a companion; brought into association; accompanying;
combined. Associated movements (Physiol.), consensual movements which
accompany voluntary efforts without our consciousness. Dunglison.

ASSOCIATESHIP
As*so"ci*ate*ship, n.

Defn: The state of an associate, as in Academy or an office.

ASSOCIATION
As*so`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. association, LL. associatio, fr. L.
associare.]

1. The act of associating, or state of being associated; union;
connection, whether of persons of things. "Some . . . bond of
association." Hooker.
Self-denial is a kind of holy association with God. Boyle.

2. Mental connection, or that which is mentally linked or associated
with a thing.
Words . . . must owe their powers association. Johnson.
Why should . . . the holiest words, with all their venerable
associations, be profaned Coleridge.

3. Union of persons in a company or society for some particular
purpose; as, the American Association for the Advancement of Science;
a benevolent association. Specifically, as among the
Congregationalists, a society, consisting of a number of ministers,
generally the pastors of neighboring churches, united for promoting
the interests of religion and the harmony of the churches.
Association of ideas (Physiol.), the combination or connection of
states of mind or their objects with one another, as the result of
which one is said to be revived or represented by means of the other.
The relations according to which they are thus connected or revived
are called the law of association. Prominent among them are reckoned
the relations of time and place, and of cause and effect. Porter.

ASSOCIATIONAL
As*so`ci*a"tion*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to association, or to an association.

2. Pertaining to the theory held by the associationists.

ASSOCIATIONISM
As*so`ci*a"tion*ism, n. (Philos.)

Defn: The doctrine or theory held by associationists.

ASSOCIATIONIST
As*so`ci*a"tion*ist, n. (Philos.)

Defn: One who explains the higher functions and relations of the soul
by the association of ideas; e. g., Hartley, J. C. Mill.

ASSOCIATIVE
As*so"ci*a*tive, a.

Defn: Having the quality of associating; tending or leading to
association; as, the associative faculty. Hugh Miller.

ASSOCIATOR
As*so"ci*a`tor, n.

Defn: An associate; a confederate or partner in any scheme.
How Pennsylvania's air agrees with Quakers, And Carolina's with
associators. Dryden.

ASSOIL
As*soil", v. t. Etym: [OF. assoiler, absoiler, assoldre, F. absoudre,
L. absolvere. See Absolve.]

1. To set free; to release. [Archaic]
Till from her hands the spright assoiled is. Spenser.

2. To solve; to clear up. [Obs.]
Any child might soon be able to assoil this riddle. Bp. Jewel.

3. To set free from guilt; to absolve. [Archaic]
Acquitted and assoiled from the guilt. Dr. H. More.
Many persons think themselves fairly assoiled, because they are . . .
not of scandalous lives. Jer. Taylor.

4. To expiate; to atone for. [Archaic] Spenser.
Let each act assoil a fault. E. Arnold.

5. To remove; to put off. [Obs.]
She soundly slept, and careful thoughts did quite assoil. Spenser.

ASSOIL
As*soil", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ad- + soil.]

Defn: To soil; to stain. [Obs. or Poet.] Beau. & Fl.
Ne'er assoil my cobwebbed shield. Wordsworth.

ASSOILMENT
As*soil"ment, n.

Defn: Act of assoiling, or state of being assoiled; absolution;
acquittal.

ASSOILMENT
As*soil"ment, n.

Defn: A soiling; defilement.

ASSOILZIE; ASSOILYIE
As*soil"zie, As*soil"yie, v. t. Etym: [Old form assoil. See Assoil.]
(Scots Law)

Defn: To absolve; to acquit by sentence of court.
God assoilzie him for the sin of bloodshed. Sir W. Scott.

ASSONANCE
As"so*nance, n. Etym: [Cf. F. assonance. See Assonant.]

1. Resemblance of sound. "The disagreeable assonance of Steevens.

2. (Pros.)

Defn: A peculiar species of rhyme, in which the last accented vowel
and those which follow it in one word correspond in sound with the
vowels of another word, while the consonants of the two words are
unlike in sound; as, calamo and platano, baby and chary.
The assonance is peculiar to the Spaniard. Hallam.

3. Incomplete correspondence.
Assonance between facts seemingly remote. Lowell.

ASSONANT
As"so*nant, a. Etym: [L. assonans, p. pr. of assonare to sound to, to
correspond to in sound; ad + sonare to sound, sonus sound: cf. F.
assonant. See Sound.]

1. Having a resemblance of sounds.

2. (Pros.)

Defn: Pertaining to the peculiar species of rhyme called assonance;
not consonant.

ASSONANTAL
As`so*nan"tal, a.

Defn: Assonant.

ASSONATE
As"so*nate, v. i. Etym: [L. assonare, assonatum, to respond to.]

Defn: To correspond in sound.

ASSORT
As*sort", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Assorting.]
Etym: [F. assortir; (L. ad) + sortir to cast or draw lots, to obtain
by lot, L. sortiri, fr. sors, sortis, lot. See Sort.]

1. To separate and distribute into classes, as things of a like kind,
nature, or quality, or which are suited to a like purpose; to
classify; as, to assort goods.

Note: [Rarely applied to persons.]
They appear . . . no ways assorted to those with whom they must
associate. Burke.

2. To furnish with, or make up of, various sorts or a variety of
goods; as, to assort a cargo.

ASSORT
As*sort", v. i.

Defn: To agree; to be in accordance; to be adapted; to suit; to fall
into a class or place. Mitford.

ASSORTED
As*sort"ed, a.

Defn: Selected; culled.

ASSORTMENT
As*sort"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. assortiment.]

1. Act of assorting, or distributing into sorts, kinds, or classes.

2. A collection or quantity of things distributed into kinds or
sorts; a number of things assorted.

3. A collection containing a variety of sorts or kinds adapted to
various wants, demands, or purposes; as, an assortment of goods.

ASSOT
As*sot", v. t. Etym: [OF. asoter, F. assoter; ad) + sot stupid. See
Sot.]

Defn: To besot; to befool; to beguile; to infatuate. [Obs.]
Some ecstasy assotted had his sense. Spenser.

ASSOT
As*sot", a.

Defn: Dazed; foolish; infatuated. [Obs.]
Willie, I ween thou be assot. Spenser.

ASSUAGE
As*suage", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assuaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Assuaging.]
Etym: [OE. asuagen, aswagen, OF. asoagier, asuagier, fr. assouagier,
fr. L. ad + suavis sweet. See Sweet.]

Defn: To soften, in a figurative sense; to allay, mitigate, ease, or
lessen, as heat, pain, or grief; to appease or pacify, as passion or
tumult; to satisfy, as appetite or desire.
Refreshing winds the summer's heat assuage. Addison.
To assuage the sorrows of a desolate old man Burke.
The fount at which the panting mind assuages Her thirst of knowledge.
Byron.

Syn.
 -- To alleviate; mitigate; appease; soothe; calm; tranquilize;
relieve. See Alleviate.

ASSUAGE
As*suage", v. i.

Defn: To abate or subside. [Archaic] "The waters assuaged." Gen. vii.
1.
The plague being come to a crisis, its fury began to assuage. De Foe.

ASSUAGEMENT
As*suage"ment, n. Etym: [OF. assouagement, asuagement.]

Defn: Mitigation; abatement.

ASSUAGER
As*sua"ger, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, assuages.

ASSUASIVE
As*sua"sive, a. Etym: [From assuage, as if this were fr. a supposed
L. assuadere to persuade to; or from E. pref. ad + -suasive as in
persuasive.]

Defn: Mitigating; tranquilizing; soothing. [R.]
Music her soft assuasive voice applies. Pope.

ASSUBJUGATE
As*sub"ju*gate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. ad- + subjugate.]

Defn: To bring into subjection. [Obs.] Shak.

ASSUEFACTION
As`sue*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. assuefacere to accustom to; assuetus
(p. p. of assuescere to accustom to) + facere to make; cf. OF.
assuefaction.]

Defn: The act of accustoming, or the state of being accustomed;
habituation. [Obs.]
Custom and studies efform the soul like wax, and by assuefaction
introduce a nature. Jer. Taylor.

ASSUETUDE
As"sue*tude, n. Etym: [L. assuetudo, fr. assuetus accustomed.]

Defn: Accustomedness; habit; habitual use.
Assuetude of things hurtful doth make them lose their force to hurt.
Bacon.

ASSUMABLE
As*sum"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be assumed.

ASSUMABLY
As*sum"a*bly, adv.

Defn: By way of assumption.

ASSUME
As*sume", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assumed; p. pr. & vb. n. Assuming.]
Etym: [L. assumere; ad + sumere to take; sub + emere to take, buy:
cf. F. assumer. See Redeem.]

1. To take to or upon one's self; to take formally and
demonstratively; sometimes, to appropriate or take unjustly.
Trembling they stand while Jove assumes the throne. Pope.
The god assumed his native form again. Pope.

2. To take for granted, or without proof; to suppose as a fact; to
suppose or take arbitrarily or tentatively.
The consequences of assumed principles. Whewell.

3. To pretend to possess; to take in appearance.
Ambition assuming the mask of religion. Porteus.
Assume a virtue, if you have it not. Shak.

4. To receive or adopt.
The sixth was a young knight of lesser renown and lower rank, assumed
into that honorable company. Sir W. Scott.

Syn.
 -- To arrogate; usurp; appropriate.

ASSUME
As*sume", v. i.

1. To be arrogant or pretentious; to claim more than is due. Bp.
Burnet.

2. (Law)

Defn: To undertake, as by a promise. Burrill.

ASSUMED
As*sumed", a.

1. Supposed.

2. Pretended; hypocritical; make-believe; as, an assumed character.

ASSUMEDLY
As*sum"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: By assumption.

ASSUMENT
As*sum"ent, n. Etym: [L. assumentum, fr. ad + suere to sew.]

Defn: A patch; an addition; a piece put on. [Obs.] John Lewis (1731).

ASSUMER
As*sum"er, n.

Defn: One who assumes, arrogates, pretends, or supposes. W. D.
Whitney.

ASSUMING
As*sum"ing, a.

Defn: Pretentious; taking much upon one's self; presumptuous. Burke.

ASSUMPSIT
As*sump"sit, n. Etym: [L., he undertook, pret. of L. assumere. See
Assume.] (Law)
(a) A promise or undertaking, founded on a consideration. This
promise may be oral or in writing not under seal. It may be express
or implied.
(b) An action to recover damages for a breach or nonperformance of a
contract or promise, express or implied, oral or in writing not under
seal. Common or indebitatus assumpsit is brought for the most part on
an implied promise. Special assumpsit is founded on an express
promise or undertaking. Wharton.

ASSUMPT
As*sumpt", v. t. Etym: [L. assumptus, p. p. of assumere. See Assume.]

Defn: To take up; to elevate; to assume. [Obs.] Sheldon.

ASSUMPT
As*sumpt", n. Etym: [L. assumptum, p. p. neut. of assumere.]

Defn: That which is assumed; an assumption. [Obs.]
The sun of all your assumpts is this. Chillingworth.

ASSUMPTION
As*sump"tion, n. Etym: [OE. assumpcioun a taking up into heaven, L.
assumptio a taking, fr. assumere: cf. F. assomption. See Assume.]

1. The act of assuming, or taking to or upon one's self; the act of
taking up or adopting.
The assumption of authority. Whewell.

2. The act of taking for granted, or supposing a thing without proof;
supposition; unwarrantable claim.
This gives no sanction to the unwarrantable assumption that the soul
sleeps from the period of death to the resurrection of the body.
Thodey.
That calm assumption of the virtues. W. Black.

3. The thing supposed; a postulate, or proposition assumed; a
supposition.
Hold! says the Stoic; your assumption's wrong. Dryden.

4. (Logic)

Defn: The minor or second proposition in a categorical syllogism.

5. The taking of a person up into heaven. Hence: (Rom. Cath. & Greek
Churches)

Defn: A festival in honor of the ascent of the Virgin Mary into
heaven.

ASSUMPTIVE
As*sump"tive, a. Etym: [L. assumptivus, fr. assumptus, fr. assumere.]

Defn: Assumed, or capable of being assumed; characterized by
assumption; making unwarranted claims.
 -- As*sump"tive*ly, adv. Assumptive arms (Her.), originally, arms
which a person had a right to assume, in consequence of an exploit;
now, those assumed without sanction of the Heralds' College. Percy
Smith.

ASSURANCE
As*sur"ance, n. Etym: [OE. assuraunce, F. assurance, fr. assurer. See
Assure.]

1. The act of assuring; a declaration tending to inspire full
confidence; that which is designed to give confidence.
Whereof he hath given assurance unto all men, in that he hath raised
him from the dead. Acts xvii. 31.
Assurances of support came pouring in daily. Macaulay.

2. The state of being assured; firm persuasion; full confidence or
trust; freedom from doubt; certainty.
Let us draw with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our
hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience. Heb. x. 22.

3. Firmness of mind; undoubting, steadiness; intrepidity; courage;
confidence; self-reliance.
Brave men meet danger with assurance. Knolles.
Conversation with the world will give them knowledge and assurance.
Locke.

4. Excess of boldness; impudence; audacity; as, his assurance is
intolerable.

5. Betrothal; affiance. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

6. Insurance; a contract for the payment of a sum on occasion of a
certain event, as loss or death.

Note: Recently, assurance has been used, in England, in relation to
life contingencies, and insurance in relation to other contingencies.
It is called temporary assurance, in the time within which the
contingent event must happen is limited. See Insurance.

7. (Law)

Defn: Any written or other legal evidence of the conveyance of
property; a conveyance; a deed.

Note: In England, the legal evidences of the conveyance of property
are called the common assurances of the kingdom. Blackstone.

ASSURE
As*sure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assured; p. pr. & vb. n. Assuring.]
Etym: [OF. aseürer, F. assurer, LL. assecurare; L. ad + securus
secure, sure, certain. See Secure, Sure, and cf. Insure.]

1. To make sure or certain; to render confident by a promise,
declaration, or other evidence.
His promise that thy seed shall bruise our foe . . . Assures me that
the bitterness of death Is past, and we shall live. Milton.

2. To declare to, solemnly; to assert to (any one) with the design of
inspiring belief or confidence.
I dare assure thee that no enemy Shall ever take alive the noble
Brutus. Shak.

3. To confirm; to make certain or secure.
And it shall be assured to him. Lev. xxvii. 19.
And hereby we know that we are of the truth, and shall assure our
hearts before him. 1 John iii. 19.

4. To affiance; to betroth. [Obs.] Shak.

5. (Law)

Defn: To insure; to covenant to indemnify for loss, or to pay a
specified sum at death. See Insure.

Syn.
 -- To declare; aver; avouch; vouch; assert; asseverate; protest;
persuade; convince.

ASSURED
As*sured", a.

Defn: Made sure; safe; insured; certain; indubitable; not doubting;
bold to excess.

ASSURED
As*sured", n.

Defn: One whose life or property is insured.

ASSUREDLY
As*sur"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Certainly; indubitably. "The siege assuredly I'll raise." Shak.

ASSUREDNESS
As*sur"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being assured; certainty; full confidence.

ASSURER
As*sur"er, n.

1. One who assures. Specifically: One who insures against loss; an
insurer or underwriter.

2. One who takes out a life assurance policy.

ASSURGENCY
As*sur"gen*cy, n.

Defn: Act of rising.
The . . . assurgency of the spirit through the body. Coleridge.

ASSURGENT
As*sur"gent, a. Etym: [L. assurgens, p. pr. of assurgere; ad +
surgere to rise.]

Defn: Ascending; (Bot.)

Defn: rising obliquely; curving upward. Gray.

ASSURING
As*sur"ing, a.

Defn: That assures; tending to assure; giving confidence.
 -- As*sur"ing*ly, adv.

ASSWAGE
As*swage", v.

Defn: See Assuage.

ASSYRIAN
As*syr"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Assyrius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Assyria, or to its inhabitants.
 -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Assyria; the language of Assyria.

ASSYRIOLOGICAL
As*syr`i*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Assyriology; as, Assyriological studies.

ASSYRIOLOGIST
As*syr`i*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in Assyriology; a student of Assyrian archæology.

ASSYRIOLOGY
As*syr`i*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Assyria + -logy.]

Defn: The science or study of the antiquities, language, etc., of
ancient Assyria.

ASSYTHMENT
As*syth"ment, n. Etym: [From OF. aset, asez, orig. meaning enough.
See Assets.]

Defn: Indemnification for injury; satisfaction. [Chiefly in Scots
law]

ASTACUS
As"ta*cus, n. Etym: [L. astacus a crab, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of crustaceans, containing the crawfish of fresh-water
lobster of Europe, and allied species of western North America. See
Crawfish.

ASTARBOARD
A*star"board, adv. (Naut.)

Defn: Over to the starboard side; -- said of the tiller.

ASTART
A*start", v. t. & i.

Defn: Same as Astert. [Obs.]

ASTARTE
As*tar"te, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of bivalve mollusks, common on the coasts of America
and Europe.

ASTATE
A*state", n.

Defn: Estate; state. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ASTATIC
A*stat"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + static.] (Magnetism)

Defn: Having little or no tendency to take a fixed or definite
position or direction: thus, a suspended magnetic needle, when
rendered astatic, loses its polarity, or tendency to point in a given
direction. Astatic pair (Magnetism), a pair of magnetic needles so
mounted as to be nearly or quite astatic, as in some galvanometers.

ASTATICALLY
A*stat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an astatic manner.

ASTATICISM
A*stat"i*cism, n.

Defn: The state of being astatic.

ASTATIZE
As"ta*tize, v. i.  [imp. & p. p. Astatized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Astatizing.] (Magnetism)

Defn: To render astatic.

ASTATKI
As*tat"ki, n. [From Russ. ostatki remnants, pl. of ostatok.]

Defn: A thick liquid residuum obtained in the distillation of Russian
petroleum, much used as fuel.

ASTAY
A*stay", adv. (Naut.)

Defn: An anchor is said to be astay, in heaving it, an acute angle is
formed between the cable and the surface of the water.

ASTEISM
As"te*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. astéisme.] (Rhet.)

Defn: Genteel irony; a polite and ingenious manner of deriding
another.

ASTEL
As"tel, n. Etym: [OE. astelle piece of wood, OF. astele splinter,
shaving, F. attelle, astelle: cf. L. astula, dim. of assis board.]
(Mining)

Defn: An arch, or ceiling, of boards, placed over the men's heads in
a mine.

ASTER
As"ter, n. Etym: [L. aster aster, star, Gr. Star.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbs with compound white or bluish flowers;
starwort; Michaelmas daisy.

2. (Floriculture)

Defn: A plant of the genus Callistephus. Many varieties (called China
asters, German asters, etc.) are cultivated for their handsome
compound flowers.

ASTERIAS
As*te"ri*as, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of echinoderms.

Note: Formerly the group of this name included nearly all starfishes
and ophiurans. Now it is restricted to a genus including the
commonest shore starfishes.

ASTERIATED
As*te"ri*a`ted, a. Etym: [See Asterias.]

Defn: Radiated, with diverging rays; as, asteriated sapphire.

ASTERIDIAN
As`ter*id"i*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Asterioidea.
 -- n.

Defn: A starfish; one of the Asterioidea.

ASTERIOIDEA; ASTERIDEA
As*te`ri*oid"e*a, As`ter*id"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oid. See
Asterias.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of Echinodermata including the true starfishes. The
rays vary in number and always have ambulacral grooves below. The
body is starshaped or pentagonal.

ASTERION
As*te"ri*on, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The point on the side of the skull where the lambdoid, parieto-
mastoid and occipito-mastoid sutures.

ASTERISCUS
As`ter*is"cus, n. Etym: [L., an asterisk. See Asterisk.] (Anat.)

Defn: The smaller of the two otoliths found in the inner ear of many
fishes.

ASTERISK
As"ter*isk, n. Etym: [L. asteriscus, Gr. Aster.]

Defn: The figure of a star, thus,

ASTERISM
As`ter*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. astérisme.]

1. (Astron.)
(a) A constellation. [Obs.]
(b) A small cluster of stars.

2. (Printing)
(a) An asterisk, or mark of reference. [R.]
(b) Three asterisks placed in this manner, *, to direct attention to
a particular passage.

3. (Crystallog.)

Defn: An optical property of some crystals which exhibit a star-
shaped by reflected light, as star sapphire, or by transmitted light,
as some mica.

ASTERN
A*stern", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + stern.] (Naut.)

1. In or at the hinder part of a ship; toward the hinder part, or
stern; backward; as, to go astern.

2. Behind a ship; in the rear. "A gale of wind right astern." De Foe.
"Left this strait astern." Drake. To bake astern, to go stern
foremost.
 -- To be astern of the reckoning, to be behind the position given by
the reckoning.
 -- To drop astern, to fall or be left behind.
 -- To go astern, to go backward, as from the action of currents or
winds.

ASTERNAL
A*ster"nal, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + sternal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Not sternal; -- said of ribs which do not join the sternum.

ASTEROID
As"ter*oid, n. Etym: [Gr. astéroïde. See Aster.]

Defn: A starlike body; esp. one of the numerous small planets whose
orbits lie between those of Mars and Jupiter; -- called also
planetoids and minor planets.

ASTEROIDAL
As`ter*oid"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an asteroid, or to the asteroids.

ASTEROLEPIS
As`te*rol"e*pis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of fishes, some of which were eighteen or twenty feet
long, found in a fossil state in the Old Red Sandstone. Hugh Miller.

ASTEROPE
As*ter"o*pe, n. [Gr. , lit., lightning.]

1.  (Myth.)

Defn: One of the Pleiades; -- called also Sterope.

2.  (Astron.) A double star in the Pleiades (21 k and 22 l Pleiadum,
of the 5.8 and 6.4 magnitude respectively), appearing as a single
star of the 5.3 magnitude to the naked eye.

ASTEROPHYLLITE
As`ter*oph"yl*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil plant from the coal formations of Europe and America,
now regarded as the branchlets and foliage of calamites.

ASTERT
A*stert, v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + start; OE. asterten, asturten.]

Defn: To start up; to befall; to escape; to shun. [Obs.] Spenser.

ASTERT
A*stert", v. i.

Defn: To escape. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ASTHENIA; ASTHENY
As`the*ni"a, As"the*ny, n. Etym: [NL. asthenia, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Want or loss of strength; debility; diminution of the vital
forces.

ASTHENIC
As*then"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Characterized by, or pertaining to, debility; weak;
debilitating.

ASTHENOPIA
As`the*no"pi*a, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Weakness of sight. Quain.
 -- As`the*nop"ic, a.

ASTHMA
Asth"ma, n. Etym: [Gr. va, Goth. waian, to blow, E. wind.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease, characterized by difficulty of breathing (due to a
spasmodic contraction of the bronchi), recurring at intervals,
accompanied with a wheezing sound, a sense of constriction in the
chest, a cough, and expectoration.

ASTHMA PAPER
Asth"ma pa"per.

Defn: Paper impregnated with saltpeter. The fumes from the burning
paper are often inhaled as an alleviative by asthmatics.

ASTHMATIC; ASTHMATICAL
Asth*mat"ic, Asth*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. asthmaticus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to asthma; as, an asthmatic cough; liable to,
or suffering from, asthma; as, an asthmatic patient.
 -- Asth*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

ASTHMATIC
Asth*mat"ic, n.

Defn: A person affected with asthma.

ASTIGMATIC
As`tig*mat"ic, a. (Med. & Opt.)

Defn: Affected with, or pertaining to, astigmatism; as, astigmatic
eyes; also, remedying astigmatism; as, astigmatic lenses.

ASTIGMATISM
A*stig"ma*tism, n. Etym: [Gr. astigmatisme.] (Med. & Opt.)

Defn: A defect of the eye or of a lens, in consequence of which the
rays derived from one point are not brought to a single focal point,
thus causing imperfect images or indistictness of vision.

Note: The term is applied especially to the defect causing images of
lines having a certain direction to be indistinct, or imperfectly
seen, while those of lines transverse to the former are distinct, or
clearly seen.

ASTIPULATE
As*tip"u*late, v. i. Etym: [L. astipulari; ad + stipulari to
stipulate.]

Defn: To assent. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

ASTIPULATION
As*tip`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. astipulatio.]

Defn: Stipulation; agreement. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

ASTIR
A*stir", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + stir.]

Defn: Stirring; in a state of activity or motion; out of bed.

ASTOMATOUS; ASTOMOUS
A*stom"a*tous, As"to*mous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Not possessing a mouth.

ASTON; ASTONE
As*ton", As*tone", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astoned, Astond, or Astound.]
Etym: [See Astonish.]

Defn: To stun; to astonish; to stupefy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ASTONIED
As*ton"ied, p. p.

Defn: Stunned; astonished. See Astony. [Archaic]
And I astonied fell and could not pray. Mrs. Browning.

ASTONISH
As*ton"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astonished; p. pr. & vb. n.
Astonishing.] Etym: [OE. astonien, astunian, astonen, OF. estoner, F.
étonner, fr. L. ex out + tonare to thunder, but perhaps influenced by
E. stun. See Thunder, Astound, Astony.]

1. To stun; to render senseless, as by a blow. [Obs.]
Enough, captain; you have astonished him. [Fluellen had struck
Pistol]. Shak.
The very cramp-fish [i. e., torpedo] . . . being herself not
benumbed, is able to astonish others. Holland.

2. To strike with sudden fear, terror, or wonder; to amaze; to
surprise greatly, as with something unaccountable; to confound with
some sudden emotion or passion.
Musidorus . . . had his wits astonished with sorrow. Sidney.
I, Daniel . . . was astonished at the vision. Dan. viii. 27.

Syn.
 -- To amaze; astound; overwhelm; surprise.
 -- Astonished, Surprised. We are surprised at what is unexpected. We
are astonished at what is above or beyond our comprehension. We are
taken by surprise. We are struck with astonishment. C. J. Smith. See
Amaze.

ASTONISHEDLY
As*ton"ish*ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In an astonished manner. [R.] Bp. Hall.

ASTONISHING
As*ton"ish*ing, a.

Defn: Very wonderful; of a nature to excite astonishment; as, an
astonishing event.

Syn.
 -- Amazing; surprising; wonderful; marvelous. As*ton"ish*ing*ly,
adv.
 -- As*ton"ish*ing*ness, n.

ASTONISHMENT
As*ton"ish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. est, F. étonnement.]

1. The condition of one who is stunned. Hence: Numbness; loss of
sensation; stupor; loss of sense. [Obs.]
A coldness and astonishment in his loins, as folk say. Holland.

2. Dismay; consternation. [Archaic] Spenser.

3. The overpowering emotion excited when something unaccountable,
wonderful, or dreadful is presented to the mind; an intense degree of
surprise; amazement.
Lest the place And my quaint habits breed astonishment. Milton.

4. The object causing such an emotion.
Thou shalt become an astonishment. Deut. xxviii. 37.

Syn.
 -- Amazement; wonder; surprise.

ASTONY
As*ton"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astonied; p. pr. & vb. n. Astonying.
See Astone.]

Defn: To stun; to bewilder; to astonish; to dismay. [Archaic]
The captain of the Helots . . . strake Palladius upon the side of his
head, that he reeled astonied. Sir P. Sidney.
This sodeyn cas this man astonied so, That reed he wex, abayst, and
al quaking. Chaucer.

ASTOOP
A*stoop", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + stoop.]

Defn: In a stooping or inclined position. Gay.

ASTOUND
As*tound", a. Etym: [OE. astouned, astound, astoned, p. p. of astone.
See Astone.]

Defn: Stunned; astounded; astonished. [Archaic] Spenser.
Thus Ellen, dizzy and astound. As sudden ruin yawned around. Sir W.
Scott.

ASTOUND
As*tound", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astounded, [Obs.] Astound; p. pr. &
vb. n. Astounding.] Etym: [See Astound, a.]

1. To stun; to stupefy.
No puissant stroke his senses once astound. Fairfax.

2. To astonish; to strike with amazement; to confound with wonder,
surprise, or fear.
These thoughts may startle well, but not astound The virtuous mind.
Milton.

ASTOUNDING
As*tound"ing, a.

Defn: Of a nature to astound; astonishing; amazing; as, an astounding
force, statement, or fact.
 -- As*tound"ing*ly, adv.

ASTOUNDMENT
As*tound"ment, n.

Defn: Amazement. Coleridge.

ASTRACHAN
As`tra*chan", a. & n.

Defn: See Astrakhan.

ASTRADDLE
A*strad"dle, adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + straddle.]

Defn: In a straddling position; astride; bestriding; as, to sit
astraddle a horse.

ASTRAEAN
As*træ"an, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the genus Astræa or the family Astræidæ.
 -- n.

Defn: A coral of the family Astræidæ; a star coral.

ASTRAGAL
As"tra*gal, n. Etym: [L. astragalus, Gr.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A convex molding of rounded surface, generally from half to
three quarters of a circle.

2. (Gun.)

Defn: A round molding encircling a cannon near the mouth.

ASTRAGALAR
As*trag"a*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the astragalus.

ASTRAGALOID
As*trag"a*loid, a. Etym: [Astragalus + -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Resembling the astragalus in form.

ASTRAGALOMANCY
As*trag"a*lo*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by means of small bones or dice.

ASTRAGALUS
As*trag"a*lus, n. Etym: [L. See Astragal.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The ankle bone, or hock bone; the bone of the tarsus which
articulates with the tibia at the ankle.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of papilionaceous plants, of the tribe Galegeæ,
containing numerous species, two of which are called, in English,
milk vetch and licorice vetch. Gum tragacanth is obtained from
different oriental species, particularly the A. gummifer and A.
verus.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: See Astragal, 1.

ASTRAKHAN
As`tra*khan", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Astrakhan in Russia or its products; made
of an Astrakhan skin.
 -- n.

Defn: The skin of stillborn or young lambs of that region, the curled
wool of which resembles fur.

ASTRAL
As"tral, a. Etym: [L. astralis, fr. astrum star, Gr. astral. See
Star.]

Defn: Pertaining to, coming from, or resembling, the stars; starry;
starlike.
Shines only with an astral luster. I. Taylor.
Some astral forms I must invoke by prayer. Dryden.
Astral lamp, an Argand lamp so constructed that no shadow is cast
upon the table by the flattened ring-shaped reservoir in which the
oil is contained.
 -- Astral spirits, spirits formerly supposed to live in the heavenly
bodies or the aërial regions, and represented in the Middle Ages as
fallen angels, spirits of the dead, or spirits originating in fire.

ASTRAND
A*strand", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + strand.]

Defn: Stranded. Sir W. Scott.

ASTRAY
A*stray", adv. & a. Etym: [See Estray, Stray.]

Defn: Out of the right, either in a literal or in a figurative sense;
wandering; as, to lead one astray.
Ye were as sheep going astray. 1 Pet. ii. 25.

ASTRICT
As*trict", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astricted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Astricting.] Etym: [L. astrictus, p. p. of astringere. See Astringe.]

1. To bind up; to confine; to constrict; to contract.
The solid parts were to be relaxed or astricted. Arbuthnot.

2. To bind; to constrain; to restrict; to limit. [R.]
The mind is astricted to certain necessary modes or forms of thought.
Sir W. Hamilton.

3. (Scots Law)

Defn: To restrict the tenure of; as, to astrict lands. See
Astriction, 4. Burrill.

ASTRICT
As*trict", a.

Defn: Concise; contracted. [Obs.] Weever.

ASTRICTION
As*tric"tion, n. Etym: [L. astrictio.]

1. The act of binding; restriction; also, obligation. Milton.

2. (Med.)
(a) A contraction of parts by applications; the action of an
astringent substance on the animal economy. Dunglison.
(b) Constipation. Arbuthnot.

3. Astringency. [Obs.] Bacon.

4. (Scots Law)

Defn: An obligation to have the grain growing on certain lands ground
at a certain mill, the owner paying a toll. Bell.

Note: The lands were said to be astricted to the mill.

ASTRICTIVE
As*tric"tive, a.

Defn: Binding; astringent.
 -- n.

Defn: An astringent.
 -- As*tric"tive*ly, adv.

ASTRICTORY
As*tric"to*ry, a.

Defn: Astrictive. [R.]

ASTRIDE
A*stride", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + stride.]

Defn: With one leg on each side, as a man when on horseback; with the
legs stretched wide apart; astraddle.
Placed astride upon the bars of the palisade. Sir W. Scott.
Glasses with horn bows sat astride on his nose. Longfellow.

ASTRIFEROUS
As*trif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. astrifer; astrum star + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Bearing stars. [R.] Blount.

ASTRINGE
As*tringe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astringed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Astringing.] Etym: [L. astringere; ad + stringere to draw tight. Cf.
Astrict, and see Strain, v. t.]

1. To bind fast; to constrict; to contract; to cause parts to draw
together; to compress.
Which contraction . . . astringeth the moistuBacon.

2. To bind by moral or legal obligation. Wolsey.

ASTRINGENCY
As*trin"gen*cy, n.

Defn: The quality of being astringent; the power of contracting the
parts of the body; that quality in medicines or other substances
which causes contraction of the organic textures; as, the astringency
of tannin.

ASTRINGENT
As*trin"gent, a. Etym: [L. astringens, p. pr. of astringere: cf. F.
astringent. See Astringe.]

1. Drawing together the tissues; binding; contracting; -- opposed to
laxative; as, astringent medicines; a butter and astringent taste;
astringent fruit.

2. Stern; austere; as, an astringent type of virtue.

ASTRINGENT
As*trin"gent, n.

Defn: A medicine or other substance that produces contraction in the
soft organic textures, and checks discharges of blood, mucus, etc.
External astringents are called styptics. Dunglison.

ASTRINGENTLY
As*trin"gent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an astringent manner.

ASTRINGER
As*trin"ger, n. Etym: [OE. ostreger, OF. ostrucier, F. autoursier,
fr. OF. austour, ostor, hawk, F. autour; cf. L. acceptor, for
accipiter, hawk.]

Defn: A falconer who keeps a goschawk. [Obs.] Shak. Cowell. [Written
also austringer.]

ASTRO-
As"tro-.

Defn: The combining form of the Greek word 'a`stron, meaning star.

ASTROFEL; ASTROFELL
As"tro*fel, As"tro*fell, n.

Defn: A bitter herb, probably the same as aster, or starwort.
Spenser.

ASTROGENY
As*trog"e*ny, n. Etym: [Astro- + Gr.

Defn: The creation or evolution of the stars or the heavens. H.
Spencer.

ASTROGNOSY
As*trog"no*sy, n. Etym: [Astro- + Gr.

Defn: The science or knowledge of the stars, esp. the fixed stars.
Bouvier.

ASTROGONY
As*trog"o*ny, n.

Defn: Same as Astrogeny.
 -- As`*tro*gon"ic, a.

ASTROGRAPHY
As*trog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Astro'cf + -graphy.]

Defn: The art of describing or delineating the stars; a description
or mapping of the heavens.

ASTROITE
As"tro*ite, n. Etym: [L. astroites: cf. F. astroite.]

Defn: A radiated stone or fossil; star-stone. [Obs.] [Written also
astrite and astrion.]

ASTROLABE
As"tro*labe, n. Etym: [OE. astrolabie, astrilabe, OF. astrelabe, F.
astrolabe, LL. astrolabium, fr. Gr.

1. (Astron.)

Defn: An instrument for observing or showing the positions of the
stars. It is now disused.

Note: Among the ancients, it was essentially the armillary sphere. A
graduated circle with sights, for taking altitudes at sea, was called
an astrolabe in the 18th century. It is now superseded by the
quadrant and sextant.

2. A stereographic projection of the sphere on the plane of a great
circle, as the equator, or a meridian; a planisphere. Whewell.

ASTROLATER
As*trol"a*ter, n.

Defn: A worshiper of the stars. Morley.

ASTROLATRY
As*trol"a*try, n. Etym: [Astro- + Gr. astrolâtrie.]

Defn: The worship of the stars.

ASTROLITHOLOGY
As`tro*li*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Astro- + lithology.]

Defn: The science of aërolites.

ASTROLOGER
As*trol"o*ger, n. Etym: [See Astrology.]

1. One who studies the stars; an astronomer. [Obs.]

2. One who practices astrology; one who professes to foretell events
by the aspects and situation of the stars.

ASTROLOGIAN
As`tro*lo"gi*an, n. Etym: [OF. astrologien.]

Defn: An astrologer. [Obs.]

ASTROLOGIC; ASTROLOGICAL
As`tro*log"ic, As`tro*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to astrology; professing or practicing
astrology. "Astrologi learning." Hudibras. "Astrological
prognostication." Cudworth.
 -- As`tro*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

ASTROLOGIZE
As*trol"o*gize, v. t. & i.

Defn: To apply astrology to; to study or practice astrology.

ASTROLOGY
As*trol"o*gy, n. Etym: [F. astrologie, L. astrologia, fr. Gr. Star.]

Defn: In its etymological signification, the science of the stars;
among the ancients, synonymous with astronomy; subsequently, the art
of judging of the influences of the stars upon human affairs, and of
foretelling events by their position and aspects.

Note: Astrology was much in vogue during the Middle Ages, and became
the parent of modern astronomy, as alchemy did of chemistry. It was
divided into two kinds: judicial astrology, which assumed to foretell
the fate and acts of nations and individuals, and natural astrology,
which undertook to predict events of inanimate nature, such as
changes of the weather, etc.

ASTROMANTIC
As`tro*man"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to divination by means of the stars;
astrologic. [R.] Dr. H. More.

ASTROMETEOROLOGY
As`tro*me`te*or*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Astro- + meteorology.]

Defn: The investigation of the relation between the sun, moon, and
stars, and the weather.
 -- As`*tro*me`te*or`o*log"ic*al, a.
 -- As`tro*me`te*or*ol"o*gist, n.

ASTROMETER
As*trom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Astro- + meter.]

Defn: An instrument for comparing the relative amount of the light of
stars.

ASTROMETRY
As*trom"e*try, n. Etym: [Astro- + metry.]

Defn: The art of making measurements among the stars, or of
determining their relative magnitudes.

ASTRONOMER
As*tron"o*mer, n. Etym: [See Astronomy.]

1. An astrologer. [Obs.] Shak.

2. One who is versed in astronomy; one who has a knowledge of the
laws of the heavenly orbs, or the principles by which their motions
are regulated, with their various phenomena.
An undevout astronomer is mad. Young.

ASTRONOMIAN
As`tro*no"mi*an, n. Etym: [OE. & OF. astronomien. See Astronomy.]

Defn: An astrologer. [Obs.]

ASTRONOMIC
As`tro*nom"ic, a.

Defn: Astronomical.

ASTRONOMICAL
As`tro*nom"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. astronomicus, Gr. astronomique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to astronomy; in accordance with the methods
or principles of astronomy.
 -- As`tro*nom"ic*al*ly, adv. Astronomical clock. See under Clock.
 -- Astronomical day. See under Day.
 -- Astronomical fractions, Astronomical numbers. See under
Sexagesimal.

ASTRONOMIZE
As*tron"o*mize, v. i. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To study or to talk astronomy. [R.]
They astronomized in caves. Sir T. Browne.

ASTRONOMY
As*tron"o*my, n. Etym: [OE. astronomie, F. astronomie, L. astronomia,
fr. Gr. Star, and Nomad.]

1. Astrology. [Obs.]
Not from the stars do I my judgment pluck; And yet methinks I have
astronomy. Shak.

2. The science which treats of the celestial bodies, of their
magnitudes, motions, distances, periods of revolution, eclipses,
constitution, physical condition, and of the causes of their various
phenomena.

3. A treatise on, or text-book of, the science. Physical astronomy.
See under Physical.

ASTROPHEL
As"tro*phel, n.

Defn: See Astrofel. [Obs.]

ASTROPHOTOGRAPHY
As`tro*pho*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Astro- + photography.]

Defn: The application of photography to the delineation of the sun,
moon, and stars.

ASTROPHOTOMETER
As`tro*pho*tom"e*ter, n. [Pref. astro- + photometer.] (Astron.)

Defn: A photometer for measuring the brightness of stars.

ASTROPHOTOMETRY
As`tro*pho*tom"e*try, n. (Astron.)

Defn: The determination of the brightness of stars, and also of the
sun, moon, and planets. --As`tro*pho`to*met"ric*al (#), a.

ASTROPHYSICAL
As`tro*phys"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the physics of astronomical science.

ASTROPHYSICS
As`tro*phys"ics, n.  [Astro-+ physics.] (Astron.)

Defn: The science treating of the physical characteristics of the
stars and other heavenly bodies, their chemical constitution, light,
heat, atmospheres, etc.

 Its observations are made with the spectroscope, bolometer, etc.,
usually in connection with the telescope.

ASTROPHYTON
As*troph"y*ton, n. Etym: [Astro- + Gr. fyton a plant.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of ophiurans having the arms much branched.

ASTROSCOPE
As"tro*scope, n. Etym: [Astro- + scope.]

Defn: An old astronomical instrument, formed of two cones, on whose
surface the constellations were delineated.

ASTROSCOPY
As*tros"co*py, n.

Defn: Observation of the stars. [Obs.]

ASTROTHEOLOGY
As`tro*the*ol"*o*gy, n. Etym: [Astro- + theology.]

Defn: Theology founded on observation or knowledge of the celestial
bodies. Derham.

ASTRUCTIVE
A*struc"tive, a. Etym: [L. astructus, p. p. of astruere to build up;
ad + struere to build.]

Defn: Building up; constructive; -- opposed to destructive. [Obs.]

ASTRUT
A*strut", a. & adv.

1. Sticking out, or puffed out; swelling; in a swelling manner.
[Archaic]
Inflated and astrut with self-conceit. Cowper.

2. In a strutting manner; with a strutting gait.

ASTUCIOUS
As*tu"cious, a. Etym: [F. astucieux. See Astute.]

Defn: Subtle; cunning; astute. [R.] Sir W. Scott.
 -- As*tu"cious*ly, adv. [R.]

ASTUCITY
As*tu"ci*ty, n. Etym: [See Astucious.]

Defn: Craftiness; astuteness. [R.] Carlyle.

ASTUN
A*stun", v. t. Etym: [See Astony, Stun.]

Defn: To stun. [Obs.] "Breathless and astunned." Somerville.

ASTURIAN
As*tu"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Asturias in Spain.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Asturias.

ASTUTE
As*tute", a. Etym: [L. astutus, fr. astus craft, cunning; perh.
cognate with E. acute.]

Defn: Critically discerning; sagacious; shrewd; subtle; crafty.

Syn.
 -- Keen; eagle-eyed; penetrating; skilled; discriminating; cunning;
sagacious; subtle; wily; crafty. As*tute"ly, adv.
 -- As*tute"ness, n.

ASTYLAR
A*sty"lar, a. Etym: [Gr. (arch.)

Defn: Without columns or pilasters. Weale.

ASTYLLEN
A*styl"len, n. (Mining)

Defn: A small dam to prevent free passage of water in an adit or
level.

ASUNDER
A*sun"der, adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + sunder.]

Defn: Apart; separate from each other; into parts; in two;
separately; into or in different pieces or places.
I took my staff, even Beauty, and cut it asunder. Zech. xi. 10.
As wide asunder as pole and pole. Froude.

ASURA
A*su"ra, n. (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: An enemy of the gods, esp. one of a race of demons and giants.

ASWAIL
As"wail, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sloth bear (Melursus labiatus) of India.

ASWEVE
A*sweve", v. t. Etym: [AS. aswebban; a + swebban. See Sweven.]

Defn: To stupefy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ASWING
A*swing", adv.

Defn: In a state of swinging.

ASWOON
A*swoon", adv.

Defn: In a swoon. Chaucer.

ASWOONED
A*swooned", adv.

Defn: In a swoon.

ASYLUM
A*sy"lum, n.; pl. E. Asylums, L. Asyla. Etym: [L. asylum, Gr.

1. A sanctuary or place of refuge and protection, where criminals and
debtors found shelter, and from which they could not be forcibly
taken without sacrilege.
So sacred was the church to some, that it had the right of an asylum
or sanctuary. Ayliffe.

Note: The name was anciently given to temples, altars, statues of the
gods, and the like. In later times Christian churches were regarded
as asylums in the same sense.

2. Any place of retreat and security.
Earth has no other asylum for them than its own cold bosom. Southey.

3. An institution for the protection or relief of some class of
destitute, unfortunate, or afflicted persons; as, an asylum for the
aged, for the blind, or for the insane; a lunatic asylum; an orphan
asylum.

ASYMMETRAL
A*sym"me*tral, a.

Defn: Incommensurable; also, unsymmetrical. [Obs.] D. H. More.

ASYMMETRIC; ASYMMETRICAL
As`ym*met"ric, As`ym*met"ri*cal, a. Etym: [See Asymmetrous.]

1. Incommensurable. [Obs.]

2. Not symmetrical; wanting proportion; esp., not bilaterally
symmetrical. Huxley.

ASYMMETROUS
A*sym"me*trous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Asymmetrical. [Obs.] Barrow.

ASYMMETRY
A*sym"me*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. Want of symmetry, or proportion between the parts of a thing, esp.
want of bilateral symmetry.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Incommensurability. [Obs.] Barrow.

ASYMPTOTE
As"ymp*tote, n. Etym: [Gr. Symptom.] (Math.)

Defn: A line which approaches nearer to some curve than assignable
distance, but, though infinitely extended, would never meet it.
Asymptotes may be straight lines or curves. A rectilinear asymptote
may be conceived as a tangent to the curve at an infinite distance.

ASYNARTETE
A*syn"ar*tete`, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Disconnected; not fitted or adjusted.
 -- A*syn"ar*tet"ic, a. Asynartete verse (Pros.), a verse of two
members, having different rhythms; as when the first consists of
iambuses and the second of trochees.

ASYNCHRONOUS
A*syn"chro*nous, a. [Gr.  not + synchronous.]

Defn: Not simultaneous; not concurrent in time; --opposed to
synchronous.

ASYNDETIC
As`yn*det"ic, a. Etym: [See Asyndeton.]

Defn: Characterized by the use of asyndeton; not connected by
conjunctions.
 -- As`yn*det"ic*al*ly, adv.

ASYNDETON
A*syn"de*ton, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure which omits the connective; as, I came, I saw, I
conquered. It stands opposed to polysyndeton.

ASYSTOLE
A*sys"to*le, n. Etym: [Pref. a- not + systole.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A weakening or cessation of the contractile power of the heart.

ASYSTOLISM
A*sys"to*lism, n.

Defn: The state or symptoms characteristic of asystole.

AT
At, prep. Etym: [AS. æt; akin to OHG. az, Goth., OS., & Icel. at, Sw.
åt, Dan. & L. ad.]

Defn: Primarily, this word expresses the relations of presence,
nearness in place or time, or direction toward; as, at the ninth
hour; at the house; to aim at a mark. It is less definite than in or
on; at the house may be in or near the house. From this original
import are derived all the various uses of at. It expresses: -

1. A relation of proximity to, or of presence in or on, something;
as, at the door; at your shop; at home; at school; at hand; at sea
and on land.

2. The relation of some state or condition; as, at war; at peace; at
ease; at your service; at fault; at liberty; at risk; at
disadvantage.

3. The relation of some employment or action; occupied with; as, at
engraving; at husbandry; at play; at work; at meat (eating); except
at puns.

4. The relation of a point or position in a series, or of degree,
rate, or value; as, with the thermometer at 80º; goods sold at a
cheap price; a country estimated at 10,000 square miles; life is
short at the longest.

5. The relations of time, age, or order; as, at ten o'clock; at
twenty-one; at once; at first.

6. The relations of source, occasion, reason, consequence, or effect;
as, at the sight; at this news; merry at anything; at this
declaration; at his command; to demand, require, receive, deserve,
endure at your hands.

7. Relation of direction toward an object or end; as, look at it; to
point at one; to aim at a mark; to throw, strike, shoot, wink, mock,
laugh at any one. At all, At home, At large, At last, At length, At
once, etc. See under All, Home, Large, Last (phrase and syn.),
Length, Once, etc.
 -- At it, busily or actively engaged.
 -- At least. See Least and However.
 -- At one. See At one, in the Vocabulary.

Syn.
 -- In, At. When reference to the interior of any place is made
prominent in is used. It is used before the names of countries and
cities (esp. large cities); as, we live in America, in New York, in
the South. At is commonly employed before names of houses,
institutions, villages, and small places; as, Milton was educated at
Christ's College; money taken in at the Customhouse; I saw him at the
jeweler's; we live at Beachville. At may be used before the name of a
city when it is regarded as a mere point of locality. "An English
king was crowned at Paris." Macaulay. "Jean Jacques Rousseau was born
at Geneva, June, 28, 1712." J. Morley. In regard to time, we say at
the hour, on the day, in the year; as, at 9 o'clock, on the morning
of July 5th, in the year 1775.

ATABAL
At"a*bal, n. Etym: [Sp. atabal, fr. Ar. at-tabl the drum, tabala to
beat the drum. Cf. Tymbal.]

Defn: A kettledrum; a kind of tabor, used by the Moors. Croly.

ATACAMITE
A*tac"a*mite, n. Etym: [From the desert of Atacama, where found.]
(Min.)

Defn: An oxychloride of copper, usually in emerald-green prismatic
crystals.

ATAFTER
At`aft"er, prep.

Defn: After. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ATAGHAN
At"a*ghan, n.

Defn: See Yataghan.

ATAKE
A*take", v. t.

Defn: To overtake. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ATAMAN
At"a*man, n. Etym: [Russ. ataman': cf. Pol. hetman, G. hauptmann
headman, chieftain. Cf. Hetman.]

Defn: A hetman, or chief of the Cossacks.

ATAMASCO LILY
At`a*mas"co lil"y. [Atamasco is fr. North American Indian.] (Bot.)

Defn: See under Lily.

ATARAXIA; ATARAXY
At`a*rax"i*a, At"a*rax`y, n. Etym: [NL. ataraxia, Gr.

Defn: Perfect peace of mind, or calmness.

ATAUNT; ATAUNTO
A*taunt", A*taunt"o, adv. Etym: [F. autant as much (as possible).]
(Naut.)

Defn: Fully rigged, as a vessel; with all sails set; set on end or
set right.

ATAVIC
A*tav"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. atavique.]

Defn: Pertaining to a remote ancestor, or to atavism.

ATAVISM
At"a*vism, n. Etym: [L. atavus an ancestor, fr. avus a grandfather.]
(a) The recurrence, or a tendency to a recurrence, of the original
type of a species in the progeny of its varieties; resemblance to
remote rather than to near ancestors; reversion to the original form.
(b) (Biol.) The recurrence of any peculiarity or disease of an
ancestor in a subsequent generation, after an intermission for a
generation or two.
Now and then there occur cases of what physiologists call atavism, or
reversion to an ancestral type of character. J. Fiske

ATAXIA; ATAXY
A*tax"i*a, At"ax*y, n. Etym: [NL. ataxia, Gr. ataxie.]

1. Disorder; irregularity. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

2. (Med.)
(a) Irregularity in disease, or in the functions.
(b) The state of disorder that characterizes nervous fevers and the
nervous condition. Locomotor ataxia. See Locomotor.

ATAXIC
A*tax"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ataxique. See Ataxia.] (Med.)

Defn: Characterized by ataxy, that is, (a) by great irregularity of
functions or symptoms, or (b) by a want of coordinating power in
movements. Ataxic fever, malignant typhus fever. Pinel.

ATAZIR
At`a*zir", n. Etym: [OF., fr. Ar. al-tasir influence.] (Astron.)

Defn: The influence of a star upon other stars or upon men. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

ATE
Ate,

Defn: the preterit of Eat.

ATE
A"te, n. Etym: [Gr. (Greek. Myth.)

Defn: The goddess of mischievous folly; also, in later poets, the
goddess of vengeance.

-ATE
-ate. Etym: [From the L. suffix -atus, the past participle ending of
verbs of the 1st conj.]

1. As an ending of participles or participial adjectives it is
equivalent to -ed; as, situate or situated; animate or animated.

2. As the ending of a verb, it means to make, to cause, to act, etc.;
as, to propitiate (to make propitious); to animate (to give life to).

3. As a noun suffix, it marks the agent; as, curate, delegate. It
also sometimes marks the office or dignity; as, tribunate.

4. In chemistry it is used to denote the salts formed from those
acids whose names end -ic (excepting binary or halogen acids); as,
sulphate from sulphuric acid, nitrate from nitric acid, etc. It is
also used in the case of certain basic salts.

ATECHNIC
A*tech"nic, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + technic.]

Defn: Without technical or artistic knowledge.
Difficult to convey to the atechnic reader. Etching & Engr.

ATELES
At"e*les, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of American monkeys with prehensile tails, and having
the thumb wanting or rudimentary. See Spider monkey, and Coaita.

ATELETS SAUCE; SAUCE AUX HATELETS
A`te*lets" sauce or  Sauce` aux ha`te*lets". [F. hâtelet skewer.]

Defn: A sauce (such as egg and bread crumbs) used for covering bits
of meat, small birds, or fish, strung on skewers for frying.

ATELIER
A`te*lier" n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A workshop; a studio.

ATELLAN
A*tel"lan, a. Etym: [L. Atellanus, fr. Atella, an ancient town of the
Osci, in Campania.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Atella, in ancient Italy; as, Atellan
plays; farcical; ribald.
 -- n.

Defn: A farcical drama performed at Atella.

ATHALAMOUS
A*thal"a*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Not furnished with shields or beds for the spores, as the
thallus of certain lichens.

ATHAMAUNT
Ath"a*maunt, n.

Defn: Adamant. [Obs.]
Written in the table of athamaunt. Chaucer.

ATHANASIA; ATHANASY
Ath`a*na"si*a, A*than"a*sy, n. [NL. athanasia, fr. Gr. ;   priv. +
death.]

Defn: The quality of being deathless; immortality.

Is not a scholiastic athanasy better than none
Lowell.

ATHANASIAN
Ath`a*na"sian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria in the 4th
century. Athanasian creed, a formulary, confession, or exposition of
faith, formerly supposed to have been drawn up by Athanasius; but
this opinion is now rejected, and the composition is ascribed by some
to Hilary, bishop of Arles (5th century). It is a summary of what was
called the orthodox faith.

ATHANOR
Ath"a*nor, n. Etym: [F., fr. Ar. at-tannur, fr. Heb. tannur an oven
or furnace.]

Defn: A digesting furnace, formerly used by alchemists. It was so
constructed as to maintain uniform and durable heat. Chambers.

ATHECATA
Ath`e*ca"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Hydroidea in which the zooids are naked, or not
inclosed in a capsule. See Tubularian.

ATHEISM
A"the*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. athéisme. See Atheist.]

1. The disbelief or denial of the existence of a God, or supreme
intelligent Being.
Atheism is a ferocious system, that leaves nothing above us to excite
awe, nor around us to awaken tenderness. R. Hall.
Atheism and pantheism are often wrongly confounded. Shipley.

2. Godlessness.

ATHEIST
A"the*ist, n. Etym: [Gr. athéiste.]

1. One who disbelieves or denies the existence of a God, or supreme
intelligent Being.

2. A godless person. [Obs.]

Syn.
 -- Infidel; unbeliever.

Note: See Infidel.

ATHEISTIC; ATHEISTICAL
A`the*is"tic, A`the*is"tic*al, a.

1. Pertaining to, implying, or containing, atheism; -- applied to
things; as, atheistic doctrines, opinions, or books.
Atheistical explications of natural effects. Barrow.

2. Disbelieving the existence of a God; impious; godless; -- applied
to persons; as, an atheistic writer.
 -- A`the*is"tic*al*ly, adv.
 -- A`the*is"tic*al*ness, n.

ATHEIZE
A"the*ize, v. t.

Defn: To render atheistic or godless. [R.]
They endeavored to atheize one another. Berkeley.

ATHEIZE
A"the*ize, v. i.

Defn: To discourse, argue, or act as an atheist. [R.] -- A"the*i`zer,
n. Cudworth.

ATHELING
Ath"el*ing, n. Etym: [AS. æ noble, fr. æ noble, akin to G. adel
nobility, edel noble. The word æ, E. ethel, is in many AS. proper
names, as Ethelwolf, noble wolf; Ethelbald, noble bold; Ethelbert,
noble bright.]

Defn: An Anglo-Saxon prince or nobleman; esp., the heir apparent or a
prince of the royal family. [Written also Adeling and Ætheling.]

ATHENEUM; ATHENAEUM
Ath`e*ne"um, Ath`e*næ"um, n.; pl. E. Atheneums, L. Athenæa. Etym: [L.
Athenaemum, Gr. Minerva by the Romans), the tutelary goddess of
Athens.]

1 (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A temple of Athene, at Athens, in which scholars and poets were
accustomed to read their works and instruct students.

2. A school founded at Rome by Hadrian.

3. A literary or scientific association or club.

4. A building or an apartment where a library, periodicals, and
newspapers are kept for use.

ATHENIAN
A*the"ni*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. Athénien.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Athens, the metropolis of Greece.
 -- n. A native or citizen of Athens.

ATHEOLOGICAL
A`the*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Opposed to theology; atheistic. Bp. Montagu.

ATHEOLOGY
A`the*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Pref. a- not + theology.]

Defn: Antagonism to theology. Swift.

ATHEOUS
A"the*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. Atheist.]

1. Atheistic; impious. [Obs.] Milton.

2. Without God, neither accepting nor denying him.
I should say science was atheous, and therefore could not be
atheistic. Bp. of Carlisle.

ATHERINE
Ath"er*ine, n. Etym: [NL. atherina, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small marine fish of the family Atherinidæ, having a silvery
stripe along the sides. The European species (Atherina presbyter) is
used as food. The American species (Menidia notata) is called
silversides and sand smelt. See Silversides.

ATHERMANCY
A*ther"man*cy, n. Etym: [See Athermanous.]

Defn: Inability to transmit radiant; impermeability to heat. Tyndall.

ATHERMANOUS
A*ther"ma*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. athermane.] (Chem.)

Defn: Not transmitting heat; -- opposed to diathermanous.

ATHERMOUS
A*ther"mous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Athermanous.

ATHEROID
Ath"er*oid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Shaped like an ear of grain.

ATHEROMA
Ath`e*ro"ma, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)
(a) An encysted tumor containing curdy matter.
(b) A disease characterized by thickening and fatty degeneration of
the inner coat of the arteries.

ATHEROMATOUS
Ath`e*rom"a*tous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or having the nature of, atheroma. Wiseman.

ATHETIZE
Ath"e*tize, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Athetized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Athetizing.] [Gr. , fr.  set aside, not fixed;  not +  to place.]

Defn: To set aside or reject as spurious, as by marking with an
obelus.

ATHETOSIS
Ath`e*to"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A variety of chorea, marked by peculiar tremors of the fingers
and toes.

ATHINK
A*think", v. t.

Defn: To repent; to displease; to disgust. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ATHIRST
A*thirst", a. Etym: [OE. ofthurst, AS. ofpyrsted, p. p. of ofpyrstan;
pref. of-, intensive + pyrstan to thirst. See Thirst.]

1. Wanting drink; thirsty.

2. Having a keen appetite or desire; eager; longing. "Athirst for
battle." Cowper.

ATHLETE
Ath"lete, n. Etym: [L. athleta, Gr. wed: cf. F. athlète.]

1. (Antiq.)

Defn: One who contended for a prize in the public games of ancient
Greece or Rome.

2. Any one trained to contend in exercises requiring great physical
agility and strength; one who has great activity and strength; a
champion.

3. One fitted for, or skilled in, intellectual contests; as, athletes
of debate.

ATHLETIC
Ath`let"ic, a. Etym: [L. athleticus, Gr. Athlete.]

1. Of or pertaining to athletes or to the exercises practiced by
them; as, athletic games or sports.

2. Befitting an athlete; strong; muscular; robust; vigorous; as,
athletic Celts. "Athletic soundness." South.
 -- Ath*let"ic*al*ly, adv.

ATHLETICISM
Ath*let"i*cism, n.

Defn: The practice of engaging in athletic games; athletism.

ATHLETICS
Ath*let"ics, n.

Defn: The art of training by athletic exercises; the games and sports
of athletes.

ATHLETISM
Ath"le*tism, n.

Defn: The state or practice of an athlete; the characteristics of an
athlete.

ATHREPSIA
A*threp"si*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  priv. +  nourishment.] (Med.)

Defn: Profound debility of children due to lack of food and to
unhygienic surroundings. --A*threp"tic (#), a.

ATHWART
A*thwart", prep. Etym: [Pref. a- + thwart.]

1. Across; from side to side of.
Athwart the thicket lone. Tennyson.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Across the direction or course of; as, a fleet standing athwart
our course. Athwart hawse, across the stem of another vessel, whether
in contact or at a small distance.
 -- Athwart ships, across the ship from side to side, or in that
direction; -- opposed to fore and aft.

ATHWART
A*thwart", adv.

Defn: 1. Across, especially in an oblique direction; sidewise;
obliquely.
Sometimes athwart, sometimes he strook him straight. Spenser.

2. Across the course; so as to thwart; perversely.
All athwart there came A post from Wales loaden with heavy news.
Shak.

ATILT
A*tilt", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + tilt.]

1. In the manner of a tilter; in the position, or with the action, of
one making a thrust. "To run atilt at men." Hudibras.

2. In the position of a cask tilted, or with one end raised.

Note: [In this sense sometimes used as an adjective.]
Abroach, atilt, and run Even to the lees of honor. Beau. & Fl.

ATIMY
At"i*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: Public disgrace or stigma; infamy; loss of civil rights.
Mitford.

-ATION
-a"tion. Etym: [L. -ationem. See -tion.]

Defn: A suffix forming nouns of action, and often equivalent to the
verbal substantive in -ing. It sometimes has the further meanings of
state, and that which results from the action. Many of these nouns
have verbs in -ate; as, alliterate -ation, narrate -ation; many are
derived through the French; as, alteration, visitation; and many are
formed on verbs ending in the Greek formative -ize (Fr. -ise); as,
civilization, demoralization.

A-TIPTOE
A-tip"toe, adv.

Defn: On tiptoe; eagerly expecting.
We all feel a-tiptoe with hope and confidence. F. Harrison.

ATLANTA
At*lan"ta, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small glassy heteropod mollusks found swimming at
the surface in mid ocean. See Heteropod.

ATLANTAL
At*lan"tal, a. (Anat.)
(a) Relating to the atlas.
(b) Anterior; cephalic. Barclay.

ATLANTEAN
At`lan*te"an, a. Etym: [L. Atlant.]

1. Of or pertaining to the isle Atlantis, which the ancients allege
was sunk, and overwhelmed by the ocean.

2. Pertaining to, or resembling, Atlas; strong.
With Atlantean shoulders, fit to bear The weight of mightiest
monarchies. Milton.

ATLANTES
At*lan"tes, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Atlas.] (Arch.)

Defn: Figures or half figures of men, used as columns to support an
entablature; -- called also telamones. See Caryatides. Oxf. Gloss.

ATLANTIC
At*lan"tic, a. Etym: [L. Atlanticus, fr. Atlas. See Atlas and
Atlantes.]

1. Of or pertaining to Mt. Atlas in Libya, and hence applied to the
ocean which lies between Europe and Africa on the east and America on
the west; as, the Atlantic Ocean (called also the Atlantic); the
Atlantic basin; the Atlantic telegraph.

2. Of or pertaining to the isle of Atlantis.

3. Descended from Atlas.
The seven Atlantic sisters. Milton.

ATLANTIDES
At*lan"ti*des, n. pl. Etym: [L. See Atlantes.]

Defn: The Pleiades or seven stars, fabled to have been the daughters
of Atlas.

ATLAS
At"las, n.; pl. Atlases. Etym: [L. Atlas, -antis, Gr. Atlas, in W.
Africa, regarded as the pillar of heaven. It is from the root of
Tolerate.]

1. One who sustains a great burden.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The first vertebra of the neck, articulating immediately with
the skull, thus sustaining the globe of the head, whence the name.

3. A collection of maps in a volume; --

Note: supposed to be so called from a picture of Atlas supporting the
world, prefixed to some collections. This name is said to have been
first used by Mercator, the celebrated geographer, in the 16th
century.

Note:

4. A volume of plates illustrating any subject.

5. A work in which subjects are exhibited in a tabular from or
arrangement; as, an historical atlas.

6. A large, square folio, resembling a volume of maps; -- called also
atlas folio.

7. A drawing paper of large size. See under Paper, n. Atlas powder, a
nitroglycerin blasting compound of pasty consistency and great
explosive power.

ATLAS
At"las, n. Etym: [Ar., smooth.]

Defn: A rich kind of satin manufactured in India. Brande & C.

ATLAS POWDER
At"las pow"der.

Defn: A blasting powder or dynamite composed of nitroglycerin, wood
fiber, sodium nitrate, and magnesium carbonate.

ATMAN
At"man, n. [Skr. atman.] (Hinduism)
 (a) The life principle, soul, or individual essence.
 (b) The universal ego from whom all individual atmans arise. This
sense is a European excrescence on the East Indian thought.

ATMIATRY
At*mi"a*try, n. [Gr.  vapor +  medical treatment, healing.]

Defn: Treatment of disease by vapors or gases, as by inhalation.

ATMIDOMETER
At`mi*dom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter; cf. F. atmidomètre.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the evaporation from water, ice, or
snow. Brande & C.

ATMO
At"mo, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. atmosphere.] (Physics)

Defn: The standard atmospheric pressure used in certain physical
measurements calculations; conventionally, that pressure under which
the barometer stands at 760 millimeters, at a temperature of 0º
Centigrade, at the level of the sea, and in the latitude of Paris.
Sir W. Thomson.

ATMOLOGIC; ATMOLOGICAL
At`mo*log"ic, At`mo*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to atmology. "Atmological laws of heat."
Whewell.

ATMOLOGIST
At*mol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in atmology.

ATMOLOGY
At*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Physics)

Defn: That branch of science which treats of the laws and phenomena
of aqueous vapor. Whewell.

ATMOLYSIS
At*mol"y*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of separating mingled gases of unequal
diffusibility by transmission through porous substances.

ATMOLYZATION
At`mol*y*za"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Separation by atmolysis.

ATMOLYZE
At"mo*lyze, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To subject to atmolysis; to separate by atmolysis.

ATMOLYZER
At"mo*ly`zer, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus for effecting atmolysis.

ATMOMETER
At*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. atmomètre.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the rate of evaporation from a
moist surface; an evaporometer. Huxley.

ATMOSPHERE
At"mos*phere, n. Etym: [Gr. atman breath, soul, G. athem breath) +
atmosphère. See Sphere.]

1. (Physics)
(a) The whole mass of aëriform fluid surrounding the earth; --
applied also to the gaseous envelope of any celestial orb, or other
body; as, the atmosphere of Mars.
(b) Any gaseous envelope or medium.
An atmosphere of cold oxygen. Miller.

2. A supposed medium around various bodies; as, electrical
atmosphere, a medium formerly supposed to surround electrical bodies.
Franklin.

3. The pressure or weight of the air at the sea level, on a unit of
surface, or about 14.7 Ibs. to the sq. inch.
Hydrogen was liquefied under a pressure of 650 atmospheres. Lubbock.

4. Any surrounding or pervading influence or condition.
The chillest of social atmospheres. Hawthorne.

5. The portion of air in any locality, or affected by a special
physical or sanitary condition; as, the atmosphere of the room; a
moist or noxious atmosphere.

ATMOSPHERIC; ATMOSPHERICAL
At`mos*pher"ic, At`mos*pher"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. atmosphérique.]

1. Of or pertaining to the atmosphere; of the nature of, or
resembling, the atmosphere; as, atmospheric air; the atmospheric
envelope of the earth.

2. Existing in the atmosphere.
The lower atmospheric current. Darwin.

3. Caused, or operated on, by the atmosphere; as, an atmospheric
effect; an atmospheric engine.

4. Dependent on the atmosphere. [R.]
In am so atmospherical a creature. Pope.
Atmospheric engine, a steam engine whose piston descends by the
pressure of the atmosphere, when the steam which raised it is
condensed within the cylinder. Tomlinson.
 -- Atmospheric line (Steam Engin.), the equilibrium line of an
indicator card. Steam is expanded "down to the atmosphere" when its
pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere. (See Indicator card.) --
Atmospheric pressure, the pressure exerted by the atmosphere, not
merely downwards, but in every direction. In amounts to about 14.7
Ibs. on each square inch.
 -- Atmospheric railway, one in which pneumatic power, obtained from
compressed air or the creation of a vacuum, is the propelling force.
 -- Atmospheric tides. See under Tide.

ATMOSPHERICALLY
At`mos*pher"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In relation to the atmosphere.

ATMOSPHEROLOGY
At`mos*phe*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Atmosphere + -logy.]

Defn: The science or a treatise on the atmosphere.

ATOKOUS
At"o*kous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing only asexual individuals, as the eggs of certain
annelids.

ATOLE
A*to"le, n. [Mex. Sp.]

Defn: A porridge or gruel of maize meal and water, milk, or the like.
[Sp. Amer.]

ATOLL
A*toll", n. Etym: [The native name in the Indian Ocean.]

Defn: A coral island or islands, consisting of a belt of coral reef,
partly submerged, surrounding a central lagoon or depression; a
lagoon island.

ATOM
At"om, n. Etym: [L. atomus, Gr. atome. See Tome.]

1. (Physics)
(a) An ultimate indivisible particle of matter.
(b) An ultimate particle of matter not necessarily indivisible; a
molecule.
(c) A constituent particle of matter, or a molecule supposed to be
made up of subordinate particles.

Note: These three definitions correspond to different views of the
nature of the ultimate particles of matter. In the case of the last
two, the particles are more correctly called molecules. Dana.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The smallest particle of matter that can enter into
combination; one of the elementary constituents of a molecule.

3. Anything extremely small; a particle; a whit.
There was not an atom of water. Sir J. Ross.

ATOM
At"om, v. t.

Defn: To reduce to atoms. [Obs.] Feltham.

ATOMIC; ATOMICAL
A*tom"ic, A*tom"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. atomique.]

1. Of or pertaining to atoms.

2. Extremely minute; tiny. Atomic philosophy, or Doctrine of atoms, a
system which assuming that atoms are endued with gravity and motion
accounted thus for the origin and formation of all things. This
philosophy was first broached by Leucippus, was developed by
Democritus, and afterward improved by Epicurus, and hence is
sometimes denominated the Epicurean philosophy.
 -- Atomic theory, or the Doctrine of definite proportions (Chem.),
teaches that chemical combinations take place between the supposed
ultimate particles or atoms of bodies, in some simple ratio, as of
one to one, two to three, or some other, always expressible in whole
numbers.
 -- Atomic weight (Chem.), the weight of the atom of an element as
compared with the weight of the atom of hydrogen, taken as a
standard.

ATOMICALLY
A*tom"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an atomic manner; in accordance with the atomic philosophy.

ATOMICIAN
At`o*mi"cian, n.

Defn: An atomist. [R.]

ATOMICISM
A*tom"i*cism, n.

Defn: Atomism. [Obs.]

ATOMICITY
At`o*mic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. atomicité.] (Chem.)

Defn: Degree of atomic attraction; equivalence; valence; also (a
later use) the number of atoms in an elementary molecule. See
Valence.

ATOMISM
At"om*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. atomisme.]

Defn: The doctrine of atoms. See Atomic philosophy, under Atomic.

ATOMIST
At"om*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. atomiste.]

Defn: One who holds to the atomic philosophy or theory. Locke.

ATOMISTIC
At`om*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to atoms; relating to atomism. [R.]
It is the object of the mechanical atomistic philosophy to confound
synthesis with synartesis. Coleridge.

ATOMIZATION
At`om*i*za"tion, n.

1. The act of reducing to atoms, or very minute particles; or the
state of being so reduced.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The reduction of fluids into fine spray.

ATOMIZE
At"om*ize, v. t.

Defn: To reduce to atoms, or to fine spray.
The liquids in the form of spray are said to be pulverized,
nebulized, or atomized. Dunglison.

ATOMIZER
At"om*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, atomizes; esp., an instrument for
reducing a liquid to spray for disinfecting, cooling, or perfuming.

ATOMOLOGY
At`om*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Atom + -logy.]

Defn: The doctrine of atoms. Cudworth.

ATOMY
At"om*y, n.

Defn: An atom; a mite; a pigmy.

ATOMY
At"o*my, n. Etym: [For anatomy, taken as an atomy.]

Defn: A skeleton. [Ludicrous] Shak.

ATONABLE
A*ton"a*ble, a.

Defn: Admitting an atonement; capable of being atoned for; expiable.

AT ONE
At one". Etym: [OE. at on, atone, atoon, attone.]

1. In concord or friendship; in agreement (with each other); as, to
be, bring, make, or set, at one, i. e., to be or bring in or to a
state of agreement or reconciliation.
If gentil men, or othere of hir contree Were wrothe, she wolde
bringen hem atoon. Chaucer.

2. Of the same opinion; agreed; as, on these points we are at one.

3. Together. [Obs.] Spenser.
He and Aufidius can no more atone Than violentest contrariety. Shak.

2. To stand as an equivalent; to make reparation, compensation, or
amends, for an offense or a crime.
The murderer fell, and blood atoned for blood. Pope.
The ministry not atoning for their former conduct by any wise or
popular measure. Junius.

ATONE
A*tone", v. t.

1. To set at one; to reduce to concord; to reconcile, as parties at
variance; to appease. [Obs.]
I would do much To atone them, for the love I bear to Cassio. Shak.

2. To unite in making. [Obs. & R.]
The four elements . . . have atoned A noble league. Ford.

3. To make satisfaction for; to expiate.
Or each atone his guilty love with life. Pope.

ATONEMENT
A*tone"ment, n.

1. (Literally, a setting at one.) Reconciliation; restoration of
friendly relations; agreement; concord. [Archaic]
By whom we have now received the atonement. Rom. v. 11.
He desires to make atonement Betwixt the Duke of Gloucester and your
brothers. Shak.

2. Satisfaction or reparation made by giving an equivalent for an
injury, or by doing of suffering that which will be received in
satisfaction for an offense or injury; expiation; amends; -- with
for. Specifically, in theology: The expiation of sin made by the
obedience, personal suffering, and death of Christ.
When a man has been guilty of any vice, the best atonement be can
make for it is, to warn others. Spectator.
The Phocians behaved with, so much gallantry, that they were thought
to have made a sufficient atonement for their former offense. Potter.

ATONER
A*ton"er, n.

Defn: One who makes atonement.

ATONES
At*ones, adv.

Defn: Etym: [See At one.] [Obs.]
Down he fell atones as a stone. Chaucer.

ATONIC
A*ton"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. atonique. See Atony.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Characterized by atony, or want of vital energy; as, an atonic
disease.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Unaccented; as, an atonic syllable.

3. Destitute of tone vocality; surd. Rush.

ATONIC
A*ton"ic, n.

1. (Gram.)

Defn: A word that has no accent.

2. An element of speech entirely destitute of vocality, or produced
by the breath alone; a nonvocal or surd consonant; a breathing. Rush.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A remedy capable of allaying organic excitement or irritation.
Dunglison.

ATONY
At"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. atonie.] (Med.)

Defn: Want of tone; weakness of the system, or of any organ,
especially of such as are contractile.

ATOP
A*top", adv.

Defn: On or at the top. Milton.

ATRABILARIAN; ATRABILARIOUS
At`ra*bi*la"ri*an, At`ra*bi*la"ri*ous, a. Etym: [LL. atrabilarius,
fr. L. atra bilis black bile: cf. F. atrabilaire, fr. atrabile.]

Defn: Affected with melancholy; atrabilious. Arbuthnot.

ATRABILARIAN
At`ra*bi*la"ri*an, n.

Defn: A person much given to melancholy; a hypochondriac. I.
Disraeli.

ATRABILIAR
At`ra*bil"iar, a.

Defn: Melancholy; atrabilious.

ATRABILIARY
At`ra*bil"ia*ry, a.

1. Of or pertaining to atra bilis or black bile, a fluid formerly
supposed to be produced by the kidneys.

2. Melancholic or hypohondriac; atrabilious; -- from the supposed
predominance of black bile, to the influence of which the ancients
attributed hypochondria, melancholy, and mania. Atrabiliary arteries,
capsules, and veins (Anat.), those pertaining to the kidney; --
called also renal arteries, capsules, and veins.

ATRABILIOUS
At`ra*bil"ious, a.

Defn: Melancholic or hypochondriac; atrabiliary. Dunglision.
A hard-faced, atrabilious, earnest-eyed race. Lowell.
He was constitutionally atrabilious and scornful. Froude.

ATRAMENTACEOUS
At`ra*men*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [L. atramentum ink, fr. ater black.]

Defn: Black, like ink; inky; atramental. [Obs.] Derham.

ATRAMENTAL; ATRAMENTOUS
At`ra*men"tal, At`ra*men"tous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ink; inky; black, like ink; as, atramental
galls; atramentous spots.

ATRAMENTARIOUS
At`ra*men*ta"ri*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. atramentaire. See
Atramentaceous.]

Defn: Like ink; suitable for making ink. Sulphate of iron (copperas,
green vitriol) is called atramentarious, as being used in making ink.

ATREDE
At*rede, v. t. Etym: [OE. at (AS. æt) out + rede.]

Defn: To surpass in council. [Obs.]
Men may the olde atrenne, but hat atrede. Chaucer.

ATRENNE
At*renne", v. t. Etym: [OE. at + renne to run.]

Defn: To outrun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ATRESIA
A*tre"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Absence or closure of a natural passage or channel of the body;
imperforation.

ATRIAL
A"tri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an atrium.

ATRIP
A*trip", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + trip.] (Naut.)
(a) Just hove clear of the ground; -said of the anchor.
(b) Sheeted home, hoisted taut up and ready for trimming; -- said of
sails.
(c) Hoisted up and ready to be swayed across; -- said of yards.

ATRIUM
A"tri*um, n.; pl. Atria. Etym: [L., the fore court of a Roman house.]

1. (Arch.)
(a) A square hall lighted from above, into which rooms open at one or
more levels.
(b) An open court with a porch or gallery around three or more sides;
especially at the entrance of a basilica or other church. The name
was extended in the Middle Ages to the open churchyard or cemetery.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The main part of either auricle of the heart as distinct from
the auricular appendix. Also, the whole articular portion of the
heart.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cavity in ascidians into which the intestine and generative
ducts open, and which also receives the water from the gills. See
Ascidioidea.

ATROCHA
At`ro*cha, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of chætopod larva in which no circles of cilia are
developed.

ATROCIOUS
A*tro"cious, a. Etym: [L. atrox, atrocis, cruel, fierce: cf. F.
atroce.]

1. Extremely heinous; full of enormous wickedness; as, atrocious
quilt or deeds.

2. Characterized by, or expressing, great atrocity, great atrocity.
Revelations . . . so atrocious that nothing in history approaches
them. De Quincey.

3. Very grievous or violent; terrible; as, atrocious distempers.
[Obs.] Cheyne.

Syn.
 -- Atrocious, Flagitious, Flagrant. Flagitious points to an act as
grossly wicked and vile; as, a flagitious proposal. Flagrant marks
the vivid impression made upon the mind by something strikingly wrong
or erroneous; as, a flagrant misrepresentation; a flagrant violation
of duty. Atrocious represents the act as springing from a violent and
savage spirit. If Lord Chatham, instead of saying "the atrocious
crime of being a young man," had used either of the other two words,
his irony would have lost all its point, in his celebrated reply to
Sir Robert Walpole, as reported by Dr. Johnson.
 -- A*tro"cious*ly, adv.
 -- A*tro"cious*ness, n.

ATROCITY
A*troc"i*ty, n.; pl. Atrocities. Etym: [F. atrocité, L. atrocitas,
fr. atrox, atrocis, cruel.]

1. Enormous wickedness; extreme heinousness or cruelty.

2. An atrocious or extremely cruel deed.
The atrocities which attend a victory. Macaulay.

ATROPHIC
A*troph"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to atrophy.

ATROPHIED
At"ro*phied, p. a.

Defn: Affected with atrophy, as a tissue or organ; arrested in
development at a very early stage; rudimentary.

ATROPHY
At"ro*phy, n. Etym: [L. atrophia, Gr. atrophie.]

Defn: A wasting away from want of nourishment; diminution in bulk or
slow emaciation of the body or of any part. Milton.

ATROPHY
At"ro*phy, v. t. [p. p. Atrophied.]

Defn: To cause to waste away or become abortive; to starve or weaken.

ATROPHY
At"ro*phy, v. i.

Defn: To waste away; to dwindle.

ATROPIA
A*tro"pi*a, n.

Defn: Same as Atropine.

ATROPINE
At"ro*pine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous, white, crystallizable alkaloid, extracted from the
Atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade, and the Datura Stramonium,
or thorn apple. It is remarkable for its power in dilating the pupil
of the eye. Called also daturine.

ATROPISM
At"ro*pism, n. (Med.)

Defn: A condition of the system produced by long use of belladonna.

ATROPOUS
At"ro*pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Not inverted; orthotropous.

ATROUS
A"trous, a. Etym: [L. ater.]

Defn: Coal-black; very black.

ATRYPA
A*try"pa, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A extinct genus of Branchiopoda, very common in Silurian
limestones.

ATTABAL
At"ta*bal, n.

Defn: See Atabal.

ATTACCA
At*tac"ca. Etym: [It., fr. attaccare to tie, bind. See Attach.]
(Mus.)

Defn: Attack at once; -- a direction at the end of a movement to show
that the next is to follow immediately, without any pause.

ATTACH
At*tach", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attached; p. pr. & vb. n. Attaching.]
Etym: [OF. atachier, F. attacher, to tie or fasten: cf. Celt. tac,
tach, nail, E. tack a small nail, tack to fasten. Cf. Attack, and see
Tack.]

1. To bind, fasten, tie, or connect; to make fast or join; as, to
attach one thing to another by a string, by glue, or the like.
The shoulder blade is . . . attached only to the muscles. Paley.
A huge stone to which the cable was attached. Macaulay.

2. To connect; to place so as to belong; to assign by authority; to
appoint; as, an officer is attached to a certain regiment, company,
or ship.

3. To win the heart of; to connect by ties of love or self-interest;
to attract; to fasten or bind by moral influence; -- with to; as,
attached to a friend; attaching others to us by wealth or flattery.
Incapable of attaching a sensible man. Miss Austen.
God . . . by various ties attaches man to man. Cowper.

4. To connect, in a figurative sense; to ascribe or attribute; to
affix; -- with to; as, to attach great importance to a particular
circumstance.
Top this treasure a curse is attached. Bayard Taylor.

5. To take, seize, or lay hold of. [Obs.] Shak.

6. To take by legal authority: (a) To arrest by writ, and bring
before a court, as to answer for a debt, or a contempt; -- applied to
a taking of the person by a civil process; being now rarely used for
the arrest of a criminal. (b) To seize or take (goods or real estate)
by virtue of a writ or precept to hold the same to satisfy a judgment
which may be rendered in the suit. See Attachment, 4.
The earl marshal attached Gloucester for high treason. Miss Yonge.
Attached column (Arch.), a column engaged in a wall, so that only a
part of its circumference projects from it.

Syn.
 -- To affix; bind; tie; fasten; connect; conjoin; subjoin; annex;
append; win; gain over; conciliate.

ATTACH
At*tach", v. i.

1. To adhere; to be attached.
The great interest which attaches to the mere knowledge of these
facts cannot be doubted. Brougham.

2. To come into legal operation in connection with anything; to vest;
as, dower will attach. Cooley.

ATTACH
At*tach", n.

Defn: An attachment. [Obs.] Pope.

ATTACHABLE
At*tach"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being attached; esp., liable to be taken by writ or
precept.

ATTACHE
At`ta*ché", n. Etym: [F., p. p. of attacher. See Attach, v. t.]

Defn: One attached to another person or thing, as a part of a suite
or staff. Specifically: One attached to an embassy.

ATTACHMENT
At*tach"ment, n. Etym: [F. attachment.]

1. The act attaching, or state of being attached; close adherence or
affection; fidelity; regard; anas, an attachment to a friend, or to a
party.

2. That by which one thing is attached to another; connection; as, to
cut the attachments of a muscle.
The human mind . . . has exhausted its forces in the endeavor to rend
the supernatural from its attachment to this history. I. Taylor.

3. Something attached; some adjunct attached to an instrument,
machine, or other object; as, a sewing machine attachment (i. e., a
device attached to a sewing machine to enable it to do special work,
as tucking, etc.).

4. (Giv. Law)
(a) A seizure or taking into custody by virtue of a legal process.
(b) The writ or percept commanding such seizure or taking.

Note: The term is applied to a seizure or taking either of persons or
property. In the serving of process in a civil suit, it is most
generally applied to the taking of property, whether at common law,
as a species of distress, to compel defendant's appearance, or under
local statutes, to satisfy the judgment the plaintiff may recover in
the action. The terms attachment and arrest are both applied to the
taking or apprehension of a defendant to compel an appearance in a
civil action. Attachments are issued at common law and in chancery,
against persons for contempt of court. In England, attachment is
employed in some cases where capias is with us, as against a witness
who fails to appear on summons. In some of the New England States a
writ of attachment is a species of mesne process upon which the
property of a defendant may be seized at the commencement of a suit
and before summons to him, and may be held to satisfy the judgment
the plaintiff may recover. In other States this writ can issue only
against absconding debtors and those who conceal themselves. See
Foreign, Garnishment, Trustee process. Bouvier. Burrill. Blackstone.

Syn.
 -- Attachment, Affection. The leading idea of affection is that of
warmth and tenderness; the leading idea of attachment is that of
being bound to some object by strong and lasting ties. There is more
of sentiment (and sometimes of romance) in affection, and more of
principle in preserving attachment. We speak of the ardor of the one,
and the fidelity of the other. There is another distinction in the
use and application of these words. The term attachment is applied to
a wider range of objects than affection. A man may have a strong
attachment to his country, to his profession, to his principles, and
even to favorite places; in respect to none of these could we use the
word affection.

ATTACK
At*tack", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attacked; p. pr. & vb. n. Attacking.]
Etym: [F. attaquer, orig. another form of attacher to attack: cf. It.
attacare to fasten, attack. See Attach, Tack a small nail.]

1. To fall upon with force; to assail, as with force and arms; to
assault. "Attack their lines." Dryden.

2. To assail with unfriendly speech or writing; to begin a
controversy with; to attempt to overthrow or bring into disrepute, by
criticism or satire; to censure; as, to attack a man, or his
opinions, in a pamphlet.

3. To set to work upon, as upon a task or problem, or some object of
labor or investigation.

4. To begin to affect; to begin to act upon, injuriously or
destructively; to begin to decompose or waste.
On the fourth of March he was attacked by fever. Macaulay.
Hydrofluoric acid . . . attacks the glass. B. Stewart.

Syn.
 -- To Attack, Assail, Assault, Invade. These words all denote a
violent onset; attack being the generic term, and the others specific
forms of attack. To attack is to commence the onset; to assail is to
make a sudden and violent attack, or to make repeated attacks; to
assault (literally, to leap upon) is to attack physically by a had-
to-hand approach or by unlawful and insulting violence; to invade is
to enter by force on what belongs to another. Thus, a person may
attack by offering violence of any kind; he may assail by means of
missile weapons; he may assault by direct personal violence; a king
may invade by marching an army into a country. Figuratively, we may
say, men attack with argument or satire; they assail with abuse or
reproaches; they may be assaulted by severe temptations; the rights
of the people may be invaded by the encroachments of the crown.

ATTACK
At*tack", v. i.

Defn: To make an onset or attack.

ATTACK
At*tack", n. Etym: [Cf. F. attaque.]

1. The act of attacking, or falling on with force or violence; an
onset; an assault; -- opposed to defense.

2. An assault upon one's feelings or reputation with unfriendly or
bitter words.

3. A setting to work upon some task, etc.

4. An access of disease; a fit of sickness.

5. The beginning of corrosive, decomposing, or destructive action, by
a chemical agent.

ATTACKABLE
At*tack"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being attacked.

ATTACKER
At*tack"er, n.

Defn: One who attacks.

ATTAGAS; ATTAGEN
At"ta*gas, At"ta*gen, n. Etym: [L. attagen a kind of bird, Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of sand grouse (Syrrghaptes Pallasii) found in Asia
and rarely in southern Europe.

ATTAGHAN
At"ta*ghan, n.

Defn: See Yataghan.

ATTAIN
At*tain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attained; p. pr. & vb. n. Attaining.]
Etym: [Of. atteinen, atteignen, , OF. ateindre, ataindre, F.
atteindre, fr. L. attingere; ad + tangere to touch, reach. See
Tangent, and cf. Attinge, Attaint.]

1. To achieve or accomplish, that is, to reach by efforts; to gain;
to compass; as, to attain rest.
Is he wise who hopes to attain the end without the means Abp.
Tillotson.

2. To gain or obtain possession of; to acquire. [Obs. with a material
object.] Chaucer.

3. To get at the knowledge of; to ascertain. [Obs.]
Not well attaining his meaning. Fuller.

4. To reach or come to, by progression or motion; to arrive at.
"Canaan he now attains." Milton.

5. To overtake. [Obs.] Bacon.

6. To reach in excellence or degree; to equal.

Syn.
 -- To Attain, Obtain, Procure. Attain always implies an effort
toward an object. Hence it is not synonymous with obtain and procure,
which do not necessarily imply such effort or motion. We procure or
obtain a thing by purchase or loan, and we obtain by inheritance, but
we do not attain it by such means.

ATTAIN
At*tain", v. i.

1. To come or arrive, by motion, growth, bodily exertion, or efforts
toward a place, object, state, etc.; to reach.
If by any means they might attain to Phenice. Acts xxvii. 12.
Nor nearer might the dogs attain. Sir W. Scott.
To see your trees attain to the dignity of timber. Cowper.
Few boroughs had as yet attained to power such as this. J. R. Green.

2. To come or arrive, by an effort of mind.
Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is high, I can not attain
unto it. Ps. cxxxix. 6.

ATTAIN
At*tain", n.

Defn: Attainment. [Obs.]

ATTAINABILITY
At*tain`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being attainable; attainbleness.

ATTAINABLE
At*tain"a*ble, a.

1. Capable of being attained or reached by efforts of the mind or
body; capable of being compassed or accomplished by efforts directed
to the object.
The highest pitch of perfection attainable in this life. Addison.

2. Obtainable. [Obs.]
General Howe would not permit the purchase of those articles [clothes
and blankets] in Philadelphia, and they were not attainable in the
country. Marshall.

ATTAINABLENESS
At*tain"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being attainable; attainability.

ATTAINDER
At*tain"der, n. Etym: [OF. ataindre, ateindre, to accuse, convict.
Attainder is often erroneously referred to F. teindre tie stain. See
Attaint, Attain.]

1. The act of attainting, or the state of being attainted; the
extinction of the civil rights and capacities of a person, consequent
upon sentence of death or outlawry; as, an act of attainder. Abbott.

Note: Formerly attainder was the inseparable consequence of a
judicial or legislative sentence for treason or felony, and involved
the forfeiture of all the real and personal property of the condemned
person, and such "corruption of blood" that he could neither receive
nor transmit by inheritance, nor could he sue or testify in any
court, or claim any legal protection or rights. In England attainders
are now abolished, and in the United States the Constitution provides
that no bill of attainder shall be passed; and no attainder of
treason (in consequence of a judicial sentence) shall work corruption
of blood or forfeiture, except during the life of the person
attainted.

2. A stain or staining; state of being in dishonor or condemnation.
[Obs.]
He lived from all attainder of suspect. Shak.
Bill of attainder, a bill brought into, or passed by, a legislative
body, condemning a person to death or outlawry, and attainder,
without judicial sentence.

ATTAINMENT
At*tain"ment, n.

1. The act of attaining; the act of arriving at or reaching; hence,
the act of obtaining by efforts.
The attainment of every desired object. Sir W. Jones.

2. That which is attained to, or obtained by exertion; acquirement;
acquisition; (pl.), mental acquirements; knowledge; as, literary and
scientific attainments.

ATTAINT
At*taint", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attainted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Attainting.] Etym: [OE. atteynten to convict, fr. atteynt, OF.
ateint, p. p. of ateindre, ataindre. The meanings 3, 4, 5, and 6 were
influenced by a supposed connection with taint. See Attain,
Attainder.]

1. To attain; to get act; to hit. [Obs.]

2. (Old Law)

Defn: To find guilty; to convict; -- said esp. of a jury on trial for
giving a false verdict. [Obs.]
Upon sufficient proof attainted of some open act by men of his own
condition. Blackstone.

3. (Law)

Defn: To subject (a person) to the legal condition formerly resulting
from a sentence of death or outlawry, pronounced in respect of
treason or felony; to affect by attainder.
No person shall be attainted of high treason where corruption of
blood is incurred, but by the oath of two witnesses. Stat. 7 & 8 Wm.
III.

4. To accuse; to charge with a crime or a dishonorable act. [Archaic]

5. To affect or infect, as with physical or mental disease or with
moral contagion; to taint or corrupt.
My tender youth was never yet attaint With any passion of inflaming
love. Shak.

6. To stain; to obscure; to sully; to disgrace; to cloud with infamy.
For so exceeding shone his glistring ray, That Phattaint. Spenser.
Lest she with blame her honor should attaint. Spenser.

ATTAINT
At*taint", p. p.

Defn: Attainted; corrupted. [Obs.] Shak.

ATTAINT
At*taint", n. Etym: [OF. attainte. See Attaint, v.]

1. A touch or hit. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Far.)

Defn: A blow or wound on the leg of a horse, made by overreaching.
White.

3. (Law)

Defn: A writ which lies after judgment, to inquire whether a jury has
given a false verdict in any court of record; also, the convicting of
the jury so tried. Bouvier.

4. A stain or taint; disgrace. See Taint. Shak.

5. An infecting influence. [R.] Shak.

ATTAINTMENT
At*taint"ment, n.

Defn: Attainder; attainture; conviction.

ATTAINTURE
At*tain"ture, n.

Defn: Attainder; disgrace.

ATTAL
At"tal, n.

Defn: Same as Attle.

ATTAME
At*tame", v. t. Etym: [OF. atamer, from Latin. See Attaminate.]

1. To pierce; to attack. [Obs.]

2. To broach; to begin.
And right anon his tale he hath attamed. Chaucer.

ATTAMINATE
At*tam"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. attaminare; ad + root of tangere. See
Contaminate.]

Defn: To corrupt; to defile; to contaminate. [Obs.] Blount.

ATTAR
At"tar, n. Etym: [Per. 'atar perfume, essence, Ar. 'itr, fr. 'atara
to smell sweet. Cf. Otto.]

Defn: A fragrant essential oil; esp., a volatile and highly fragrant
essential oil obtained from the petals of roses. [Also written otto
and ottar.]

ATTASK
At*task", v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + task.]

Defn: To take to task; to blame. Shak.

ATTASTE
At*taste, v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + taste.]

Defn: To taste or cause to taste. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ATTE
At"te.

Defn: At the. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ATTEMPER
At*tem"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attempered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Attempering.] Etym: [OF. atemprer, fr. L. attemperare; ad + temperare
to soften, temper. See Temper, and cf. Attemperate.]

1. To reduce, modify, or moderate, by mixture; to temper; to
regulate, as temperature.
If sweet with bitter . . . were not attempered still. Trench.

2. To soften, mollify, or moderate; to soothe; to temper; as, to
attemper rigid justice with clemency.

3. To mix in just proportion; to regulate; as, a mind well attempered
with kindness and justice.

4. To accommodate; to make suitable; to adapt.
Arts . . . attempered to the lyre. Pope.

Note: This word is now not much used, the verb temper taking its
place.

ATTEMPERAMENT
At*tem"per*a*ment, n. Etym: [OF. attemprement.]

Defn: A tempering, or mixing in due proportion.

ATTEMPERANCE
At*tem"per*ance, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. atemprance.]

Defn: Temperance; attemperament. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ATTEMPERATE
At*tem"per*ate, a. Etym: [L. attemperatus, p. p. of attemperare. See
Attemper.]

Defn: Tempered; proportioned; properly adapted.
Hope must be . . . attemperate to the promise. Hammond.

ATTEMPERATE
At*tem"per*ate, v. t.

Defn: To attemper. [Archaic]

ATTEMPERATION
At*tem`per*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of attempering or regulating. [Archaic] Bacon.

ATTEMPERLY
At*tem"per*ly, adv.

Defn: Temperately. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ATTEMPERMENT
At*tem"per*ment, n.

Defn: Attemperament.

ATTEMPT
At*tempt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attempted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Attempting.] Etym: [OF. atenter, also spelt atempter, F. attenter,
fr. L. attentare to attempt; ad + tentare, temptare, to touch, try,
v. intens. of tendere to stretch. See Tempt, and cf. Attend.]

1. To make trial or experiment of; to try; to endeavor to do or
perform (some action); to assay; as, to attempt to sing; to attempt a
bold flight.
Something attempted, something done, Has earned a night's repose.
Longfellow.

2. To try to move, by entreaty, by afflictions, or by temptations; to
tempt. [Obs. or Archaic]
It made the laughter of an afternoon That Vivien should attempt the
blameless king. Thackeray.

3. To try to win, subdue, or overcome; as, one who attempts the
virtue of a woman.
Dear sir, of force I must attempt you further: Take some remembrance
of us, as a tribute. Shak.

4. To attack; to make an effort or attack upon; to try to take by
force; as, to attempt the enemy's camp.
Without attempting his adversary's life. Motley.

Syn.
 -- See Try.

ATTEMPT
At*tempt", v. i.

Defn: To make an attempt; -- with upon. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ATTEMPT
At*tempt", n.

Defn: A essay, trial, or endeavor; an undertaking; an attack, or an
effort to gain a point; esp. an unsuccessful, as contrasted with a
successful, effort.
By his blindness maimed for high attempts. Milton.
Attempt to commit a crime (Law), such an intentional preparatory act
as will apparently result, if not extrinsically hindered, in a crime
which it was designed to effect. Wharton.

Syn.
 -- Attempt, Endeavor, Effort, Exertion, Trial. These words agree in
the idea of calling forth our powers into action. Trial is the
generic term; it denotes a putting forth of one's powers with a view
to determine what they can accomplish; as, to make trial of one's
strength. An attempt is always directed to some definite and specific
object; as, "The attempt, and not the deed, confounds us." Shak. An
endeavor is a continued attempt; as, "His high endeavor and his glad
success." Cowper. Effort is a specific putting forth of strength in
order to carry out an attempt. Exertion is the putting forth or
active exercise of any faculty or power. "It admits of all degrees of
effort and even natural action without effort." C. J. Smith. See Try.

ATTEMPTABLE
At*tempt"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being attempted, tried, or attacked. Shak.

ATTEMPTER
At*tempt"er, n.

1. One who attempts; one who essays anything.

2. An assailant; also, a temper. [Obs.]

ATTEMPTIVE
At*tempt"ive, a.

Defn: Disposed to attempt; adventurous. [Obs.] Daniel.

ATTEND
At*tend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attended; p. pr. & vb. n. Attending.]
Etym: [OE. atenden, OF. atendre, F. attendre, to expect, to wait, fr.
L. attendre to stretch, (sc. animum), to apply the mind to; ad +
tendere to stretch. See Tend.]

1. To direct the attention to; to fix the mind upon; to give heed to;
to regard. [Obs.]
The diligent pilot in a dangerous tempest doth not attend the
unskillful words of the passenger. Sir P. Sidney.

2. To care for; to look after; to take charge of; to watch over.

3. To go or stay with, as a companion, nurse, or servant; to visit
professionally, as a physician; to accompany or follow in order to do
service; to escort; to wait on; to serve.
The fifth had charge sick persons to attend. Spenser.
Attends the emperor in his royal court. Shak.
With a sore heart and a gloomy brow, he prepared to attend William
thither. Macaulay.

4. To be present with; to accompany; to be united or consequent to;
as, a measure attended with ill effects.
What cares must then attend the toiling swain. Dryden.

5. To be present at; as, to attend church, school, a concert, a
business meeting.

6. To wait for; to await; to remain, abide, or be in store for.
[Obs.]
The state that attends all men after this. Locke.
Three days I promised to attend my doom. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To Attend, Mind, Regard, Heed, Notice. Attend is generic, the
rest are specific terms. To mind is to attend so that it may not be
forgotten; to regard is to look on a thing as of importance; to heed
is to ~ to a thing from a principle of caution; to notice is to think
on that which strikes the senses. Crabb. See Accompany.

ATTEND
At*tend", v. i.

1. To apply the mind, or pay attention, with a view to perceive,
understand, or comply; to pay regard; to heed; to listen; -- usually
followed by to.
Attend to the voice of my supplications. Ps. lxxxvi. 6.
Man can not at the same time attend to two objects. Jer. Taylor.

2. To accompany or be present or near at hand, in pursuance of duty;
to be ready for service; to wait or be in waiting; -- often followed
by on or upon.
He was required to attend upon the committee. Clarendon.

3. (with to) To take charge of; to look after; as, to attend to a
matter of business.

4. To wait; to stay; to delay. [Obs.]
For this perfection she must yet attend, Till to her Maker she
espoused be. Sir J. Davies.

Syn.
 -- To Attend, Listen, Hearken. We attend with a view to hear and
learn; we listen with fixed attention, in order to hear correctly, or
to consider what has been said; we hearken when we listen with a
willing mind, and in reference to obeying.

ATTENDANCE
At*tend"ance, n. Etym: [OE. attendance, OF. atendance, fr. atendre,
F. attendre. See Attend, v. t.]

1. Attention; regard; careful application. [Obs.]
Till I come, give attendance to reading. 1 Tim. iv. 13.

2. The act of attending; state of being in waiting; service;
ministry; the fact of being present; presence.
Constant attendance at church three times a day. Fielding.

3. Waiting for; expectation. [Obs.]
Languishing attendance and expectation of death. Hooker.

4. The persons attending; a retinue; attendants.
If your stray attendance by yet lodged. Milton.

ATTENDANCY
At*tend"an*cy, n.

Defn: The quality of attending or accompanying; attendance; an
attendant. [Obs.]

ATTENDANT
At*tend"ant, a. Etym: [F. attendant, p. pr. of attendre. See Attend,
v. t.]

1. Being present, or in the train; accompanying; in waiting.
From the attendant flotilla rang notes triumph. Sir W. Scott.
Cherub and Seraph . . . attendant on their Lord. Milton.

2. Accompanying, connected with, or immediately following, as
consequential; consequent; as, intemperance with all its attendant
evils.
The natural melancholy attendant upon his situation added to the
gloom of the owner of the mansion. Sir W. Scott.

3. (Law)

Defn: Depending on, or owing duty or service to; as, the widow
attendant to the heir. Cowell. Attendant keys (Mus.), the keys or
scales most nearly related to, or having most in common with, the
principal key; those, namely, of its fifth above, or dominant, its
fifth below (fourth above), or subdominant, and its relative minor or
major.

ATTENDANT
At*tend"ant, n.

1. One who attends or accompanies in any character whatever, as a
friend, companion, servant, agent, or suitor. "A train of
attendants." Hallam.

2. One who is present and takes part in the proceedings; as, an
attendant at a meeting.

3. That which accompanies; a concomitant.
[A] sense of fame, the attendant of noble spirits. Pope.

4. (Law)

Defn: One who owes duty or service to, or depends on, another.
Cowell.

ATTENDEMENT
At*tend"e*ment, n.

Defn: Intent. [Obs.] Spenser.

ATTENDER
At*tend"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, attends.

ATTENDMENT
At*tend"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. atendement.]

Defn: An attendant circumstance. [Obs.]
The uncomfortable attendments of hell. Sir T. Browne.

ATTENT
At*tent", a. Etym: [L. attentus, p. p. of attendere. See Attend, v.
t.]

Defn: Attentive; heedful. [Archaic]
Let thine ears be attent unto the prayer. 2 Chron. vi. 40.

ATTENT
At*tent", n.

Defn: Attention; heed. [Obs.] Spenser.

ATTENTATE; ATTENTAT
At*ten"tate, At*ten"tat, n. Etym: [L. attentatum, pl. attentata, fr.
attentare to attempt: cf. F. attentat criminal attempt. See Attempt.]

1. An attempt; an assault. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (Law)
(a) A proceeding in a court of judicature, after an inhibition is
decreed.
(b) Any step wrongly innovated or attempted in a suit by an inferior
judge.

ATTENTION
At*ten"tion, n. Etym: [L. attentio: cf. F. attention.]

1. The act or state of attending or heeding; the application of the
mind to any object of sense, representation, or thought; notice;
exclusive or special consideration; earnest consideration, thought,
or regard; obedient or affectionate heed; the supposed power or
faculty of attending.
They say the tongues of dying men Enforce attention like deep
harmony. Shak.

Note: Attention is consciousness and something more. It is
consciousness voluntarily applied, under its law of limitations, to
some determinate object; it is consciousness concentrated. Sir W.
Hamilton.

2. An act of civility or courtesy; care for the comfort and pleasure
of others; as, attentions paid to a stranger. To pay attention to, To
pay one's attentions to, to be courteous or attentive to; to wait
upon as a lover; to court.

Syn.
 -- Care; heed; study; consideration; application; advertence;
respect; regard.

ATTENTIVE
At*ten"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. attentif.]

1. Heedful; intent; observant; regarding with care or attention.

Note: Attentive is applied to the senses of hearing and seeing, as,
an attentive ear or eye; to the application of the mind, as in
contemplation; or to the application of the mind, in every possible
sense, as when a person is attentive to the words, and to the manner
and matter, of a speaker at the same time.

2. Heedful of the comfort of others; courteous.

Syn.
 -- Heedful; intent; observant; mindful; regardful; circumspect;
watchful.
 -- At*ten"tive*ly, adv.
 -- At*ten"tive*ness, n.

ATTENTLY
At*tent"ly, adv.

Defn: Attentively. [Obs.] Barrow.

ATTENUANT
At*ten"u*ant, a. Etym: [L. attenuans, p. pr. of attenuare: cf. F.
atténuant. See Attenuate.]

Defn: Making thin, as fluids; diluting; rendering less dense and
viscid; diluent.
 -- n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine that thins or dilutes the fluids; a diluent.

ATTENUATE
At*ten"u*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attenuated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Attenuating.] Etym: [L. attenuatus, p. p. of attenuare; ad + tenuare
to make thin, tenuis thin. See Thin.]

1. To make thin or slender, as by mechanical or chemical action upon
inanimate objects, or by the effects of starvation, disease, etc.,
upon living bodies.

2. To make thin or less consistent; to render less viscid or dense;
to rarefy. Specifically: To subtilize, as the humors of the body, or
to break them into finer parts.

3. To lessen the amount, force, or value of; to make less complex; to
weaken.
To undersell our rivals . . . has led the manufacturer to . . .
attenuate his processes, in the allotment of tasks, to an extreme
point. I. Taylor.
We may reject and reject till we attenuate history into sapless
meagerness. Sir F. Palgrave.

ATTENUATE
At*ten"u*ate, v. i.

Defn: To become thin, slender, or fine; to grow less; to lessen.
The attention attenuates as its sphere contracts. Coleridge.

ATTENUATE; ATTENUATED
At*ten"u*ate, At*ten"u*a`ted, a. Etym: [L. attenuatus, p. p.]

1. Made thin or slender.

2. Made thin or less viscid; rarefied. Bacon.

ATTENUATION
At*ten`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. attenuatio: cf. F. atténuation.]

1. The act or process of making slender, or the state of being
slender; emaciation.

2. The act of attenuating; the act of making thin or less dense, or
of rarefying, as fluids or gases.

3. The process of weakening in intensity; diminution of virulence;
as, the attenuation of virus.

ATTER
At"ter, n. Etym: [AS. ætter.]

Defn: Poison; venom; corrupt matter from a sore. [Obs.] Holland.

ATTERCOP
At"ter*cop, n. Etym: [AS. attercoppa a spider; ætter poison + coppa
head, cup.]

1. A spider. [Obs.]

2. A peevish, ill-natured person. [North of Eng.]

ATTERRATE
At*ter*rate, v. t. Etym: [It. atterrare (cf. LL. atterrare to cast to
earth); L. ad + terra earth, land.]

Defn: To fill up with alluvial earth. [Obs.] Ray.

ATTERRATION
At`ter*ra"tion, n.

Defn: The act of filling up with earth, or of forming land with
alluvial earth. [Obs.]

ATTEST
At"test", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attested; p. pr. & vb. n. Attesting.]
Etym: [L. attestari; ad + testari to bear witness: cf. F. attester.]

1. To bear witness to; to certify; to affirm to be true or genuine;
as, to attest the truth of a writing, a copy of record.
Facts . . . attested by particular pagan authors. Addison.

2. To give proof of; to manifest; as, the ruins of Palmyra attest its
ancient magnificence.

3. To call to witness; to invoke. [Archaic]
The sacred streams which Heaven's imperial state Attests in oaths,
and fears to violate. Dryden.

ATTEST
At*test", n.

Defn: Witness; testimony; attestation. [R.]
The attest of eyes and ears. Shak.

ATTESTATION
At`tes*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. attestatio: cf. F. attestation.]

Defn: The act of attesting; testimony; witness; a solemn or official
declaration, verbal or written, in support of a fact; evidence. The
truth appears from the attestation of witnesses, or of the proper
officer. The subscription of a name to a writing as a witness, is an
attestation.

ATTESTATIVE
At*test"a*tive, a.

Defn: Of the nature of attestation.

ATTESTER; ATTESTOR
At*test"er, At*test"or, n.

Defn: One who attests.

ATTESTIVE
At*test"ive, a.

Defn: Attesting; furnishing evidence.

ATTIC
At"tic, a. Etym: [L. Atticus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Attica, in Greece, or to Athens, its
principal city; marked by such qualities as were characteristic of
the Athenians; classical; refined. Attic base (Arch.), a peculiar
form of molded base for a column or pilaster, described by Vitruvius,
applied under the Roman Empire to the Ionic and Corinthian and "Roman
Doric" orders, and imitated by the architects of the Renaissance.
 -- Attic faith, inviolable faith.
 -- Attic purity, special purity of language.
 -- Attic salt, Attic wit, a poignant, delicate wit, peculiar to the
Athenians.
 -- Attic story. See Attic, n.
 -- Attic style, a style pure and elegant.

ATTIC
At"tic, n. Etym: [In sense (a) from F. attique, orig. meaning Attic.
See Attic, a.]

1. (Arch.)
(a) A low story above the main order or orders of a facade, in the
classical styles; -- a term introduced in the 17th century. Hence:
(b) A room or rooms behind that part of the exterior; all the rooms
immediately below the roof.

2. An Athenian; an Athenian author.

ATTICAL
At"tic*al, a.

Defn: Attic. [Obs.] Hammond.

ATTICISM
At"ti*cism, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A favoring of, or attachment to, the Athenians.

2. The style and idiom of the Greek language, used by the Athenians;
a concise and elegant expression.

ATTICIZE
At"ti*cize, v. t. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To conform or make conformable to the language, customs, etc.,
of Attica.

ATTICIZE
At"ti*cize, v. i.

1. To side with the Athenians.

2. To use the Attic idiom or style; to conform to the customs or
modes of thought of the Athenians.

ATTIGUOUS
At*tig"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. attiguus, fr. attingere to touch. See
Attain.]

Defn: Touching; bordering; contiguous. [Obs.] -- At*tig"u*ous*ness,
n. [Obs.]

ATTINGE
At*tinge", v. t. Etym: [L. attingere to touch. See Attain.]

Defn: To touch lightly. [Obs.] Coles.

ATTIRE
At*tire", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attired; p. pr. & vb. n. Attiring.]
Etym: [OE. atiren to array, dispose, arrange, OF. atirier; à (L. ad)
+ F. tire rank, order, row; of Ger. origin: cf. As. tier row, OHG.
ziari, G. zier, ornament, zieren to adorn. Cf. Tire a headdress.]

Defn: To dress; to array; to adorn; esp., to clothe with elegant or
splendid garments.
Finely attired in a robe of white. Shak.
With the linen miter shall he be attired. Lev. xvi. 4.

ATTIRE
At*tire", n.

1. Dress; clothes; headdress; anything which dresses or adorns; esp.,
ornamental clothing.
Earth in her rich attire. Milton.
I 'll put myself in poor and mean attire. Shak.
Can a maid forget her ornament, or a bride her attire Jer. ii. 32.

2. The antlers, or antlers and scalp, of a stag or buck.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The internal parts of a flower, included within the calyx and
the corolla. [Obs.] Johnson.

ATTIRED
At*tired", p. p. (Her.)

Defn: Provided with antlers, as a stag.

ATTIREMENT
At*tire"ment, n.

Defn: Attire; adornment.

ATTIRER
At*tir"er, n.

Defn: One who attires.

ATTITUDE
At"ti*tude, n. Etym: [It. attitudine, LL. aptitudo, fr. L. aptus
suited, fitted: cf. F. attitude. Cf. Aptitude.]

1. (Paint. & Sculp.)

Defn: The posture, action, or disposition of a figure or a statue.

2. The posture or position of a person or an animal, or the manner in
which the parts of his body are disposed; position assumed or studied
to serve a purpose; as, a threatening attitude; an attitude of
entreaty.

3. Fig.: Position as indicating action, feeling, or mood; as, in
times of trouble let a nation preserve a firm attitude; one's mental
attitude in respect to religion.
The attitude of the country was rapidly changing. J. R. Green.
To strike an attitude, to take an attitude for mere effect.

Syn.
 -- Attitude, Posture. Both of these words describe the visible
disposition of the limbs. Posture relates to their position merely;
attitude refers to their fitness for some specific object. The object
of an attitude is to set forth exhibit some internal feeling; as,
attitude of wonder, of admiration, of grief, etc. It is, therefore,
essentially and designedly expressive. Its object is the same with
that of gesture; viz., to hold forth and represent. Posture has no
such design. If we speak of posture in prayer, or the posture of
devotion, it is only the natural disposition of the limbs, without
any intention to show forth or exhibit.
'T is business of a painter in his choice of attitudes (posituræ) to
foresee the effect and harmony of the lights and shadows. Dryden.
Never to keep the body in the same posture half an hour at a time.
Bacon.

ATTITUDINAL
At`ti*tu"di*nal, a.

Defn: Relating to attitude.

ATTITUDINARIAN
At`ti*tu`di*na"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who attitudinizes; a posture maker.

ATTITUDINARIANISM
At`ti*tu`di*na"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: A practicing of attitudes; posture making.

ATTITUDINIZE
At`ti*tu"di*nize, v. i.

Defn: To assume affected attitudes; to strike an attitude; to pose.
Maria, who is the most picturesque figure, was put to attitudinize at
the harp. Hannah More.

ATTITUDINIZER
At`ti*tu"di*ni`zer, n

Defn: One who practices attitudes.

ATTLE
At"tle, n. Etym: [Cf. Addle mire.] (Mining)

Defn: Rubbish or refuse consisting of broken rock containing little
or no ore. Weale.

ATTOLLENT
At*tol"lent, a. Etym: [L. attollens, p. pr. of attollere; ad +
tollere to lift.]

Defn: Lifting up; raising; as, an attollent muscle. Derham.

ATTONCE
At*tonce", adv. Etym: [At + once.]

Defn: At once; together. [Obs.] Spenser.

ATTONE
At*tone", adv.

Defn: See At one. [Obs.]

ATTORN
At*torn", v. i. Etym: [OF. atorner, aturner, atourner, to direct,
prepare, dispose, attorn (cf. OE. atornen to return, adorn); à (L.
ad) + torner to turn; cf. LL. attornare to commit business to
another, to attorn; ad + tornare to turn, L. tornare to turn in a
lathe, to round off. See Turn, v. t.]

1. (Feudal Law)

Defn: To turn, or transfer homage and service, from one lord to
another. This is the act of feudatories, vassals, or tenants, upon
the alienation of the estate. Blackstone.

2. (Modern Law)

Defn: To agree to become tenant to one to whom reversion has been
granted.

ATTORNEY
At*tor"ney, n.; pl. Attorneys. Etym: [OE. aturneye, OF. atorné, p. p.
of atorner: cf. LL. atturnatus, attornatus, fr. attornare. See
Attorn.]

1. A substitute; a proxy; an agent. [Obs.]
And will have no attorney but myself. Shak.

2. (Law)
(a) One who is legally appointed by another to transact any business
for him; an attorney in fact.
(b) A legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in
legal proceedings; an attorney at law.

Note: An attorney is either public or private. A private attorney, or
an attorney in fact, is a person appointed by another, by a letter or
power of attorney, to transact any business for him out of court; but
in a more extended sense, this class includes any agent employed in
any business, or to do any act in pais, for another. A public
attorney, or attorney at law, is a practitioner in a court of law,
legally qualified to prosecute and defend actions in such court, on
the retainer of clients. Bouvier.
 -- The attorney at law answers to the procurator of the civilians,
to the solicitor in chancery, and to the proctor in the
ecclesiastical and admiralty courts, and all of these are
comprehended under the more general term lawyer. In Great Britain and
in some states of the United States, attorneys are distinguished from
counselors in that the business of the former is to carry on the
practical and formal parts of the suit. In many states of the United
States however, no such distinction exists. In England, since 1873,
attorneys at law are by statute called solicitors. A power, letter,
or warrant, of attorney, a written authority from one person
empowering another to transact business for him.

ATTORNEY
At*tor"ney, v. t.

Defn: To perform by proxy; to employ as a proxy. [Obs.] Shak.

ATTORNEY-GENERAL
At*tor"ney-gen"er*al, n.; (pl. Attorney-generals or Attorneys-
general). (Law)

Defn: The chief law officer of the state, empowered to act in all
litigation in which the law-executing power is a party, and to advise
this supreme executive whenever required. Wharton.

ATTORNEYISM
At*tor"ney*ism, n.

Defn: The practice or peculiar cleverness of attorneys.

ATTORNEYSHIP
At*tor"ney*ship, n.

Defn: The office or profession of an attorney; agency for another.
Shak.

ATTORNMENT
At*torn"ment, n. Etym: [OF. attornement, LL. attornamentum. See
Attorn.] (Law)

Defn: The act of a feudatory, vassal, or tenant, by which he
consents, upon the alienation of an estate, to receive a new lord or
superior, and transfers to him his homage and service; the agreement
of a tenant to acknowledge the purchaser of the estate as his
landlord. Burrill. Blackstone.

ATTRACT
At*tract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attracted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Attracting.] Etym: [L. attractus, p. p. of attrahere; ad + trahere to
draw. See Trace, v. t.]

1. To draw to, or cause to tend to; esp. to cause to approach,
adhere, or combine; or to cause to resist divulsion, separation, or
decomposition.
All bodies and all parts of bodies mutually attract themselves and
one another. Derham.

2. To draw by influence of a moral or emotional kind; to engage or
fix, as the mind, attention, etc.; to invite or allure; as, to
attract admirers.
Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To draw; allure; invite; entice; influence.

ATTRACT
At*tract", n.

Defn: Attraction. [Obs.] Hudibras.

ATTRACTABILITY
At*tract`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or fact of being attractable. Sir W. Jones.

ATTRACTABLE
At*tract"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being attracted; subject to attraction.
 -- At*tract"a*ble*ness, n.

ATTRACTER
At*tract"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, attracts.

ATTRACTILE
At*tract"ile, a.

Defn: Having power to attract.

ATTRACTING
At*tract"ing, a.

Defn: That attracts.
 -- At*tract"ing*ly, adv.

ATTRACTION
At*trac"tion, n. Etym: [L. attractio: cf. F. attraction.]

1. (Physics)

Defn: An invisible power in a body by which it draws anything to
itself; the power in nature acting mutually between bodies or
ultimate particles, tending to draw them together, or to produce
their cohesion or combination, and conversely resisting separation.

Note: Attraction is exerted at both sensible and insensible
distances, and is variously denominated according to its qualities or
phenomena. Under attraction at sensible distances, there are, --(1.)
Attraction of gravitation, which acts at all distances throughout the
universe, with a force proportional directly to the product of the
masses of the bodies and inversely to the square of their distances
apart. (2.) Magnetic, diamagnetic, and electrical attraction, each of
which is limited in its sensible range and is polar in its action, a
property dependent on the quality or condition of matter, and not on
its quantity. Under attraction at insensible distances, there are, --
(1.) Adhesive attraction, attraction between surfaces of sensible
extent, or by the medium of an intervening substance. (2.) Cohesive
attraction, attraction between ultimate particles, whether like or
unlike, and causing simply an aggregation or a union of those
particles, as in the absorption of gases by charcoal, or of oxygen by
spongy platinum, or the process of solidification or crystallization.
The power in adhesive attraction is strictly the same as that of
cohesion. (3.) Capillary attraction, attraction causing a liquid to
rise, in capillary tubes or interstices, above its level outside, as
in very small glass tubes, or a sponge, or any porous substance, when
one end is inserted in the liquid. It is a special case of cohesive
attraction. (4.) Chemical attraction, or affinity, that peculiar
force which causes elementary atoms, or groups of atoms, to unite to
form molecules.

2. The act or property of attracting; the effect of the power or
operation of attraction. Newton.

3. The power or act of alluring, drawing to, inviting, or engaging;
an attractive quality; as, the attraction of beauty or eloquence.

4. That which attracts; an attractive object or feature.

Syn.
 -- Allurement; enticement; charm.

ATTRACTION SPHERE
At*trac"tion sphere.

1. (Zoöl.)
 (a) The central mass of the aster in mitotic cell division;
centrosphere.
 (b) Less often, the mass of archoplasm left by the aster in the
resting cell.

2.  (Bot.) A small body situated on or near the nucleus in the cells
of some of the lower plants, consisting of two centrospheres
containing centrosomes. It exercises an important function in
mitosis.

ATTRACTIVE
At*tract"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. attractif.]

1. Having the power or quality of attracting or drawing; as, the
attractive force of bodies. Sir I. Newton.

2. Attracting or drawing by moral influence or pleasurable emotion;
alluring; inviting; pleasing. "Attractive graces." Milton.
"Attractive eyes." Thackeray.
Flowers of a livid yellow, or fleshy color, are most attractive to
flies. Lubbock.
-- At*tract"ive*ly, adv.
 -- At*tract"ive*ness, n.

ATTRACTIVE
At*tract"ive, n.

Defn: That which attracts or draws; an attraction; an allurement.
Speaks nothing but attractives and invitation. South.

ATTRACTIVITY
At`trac*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or degree of attractive power.

ATTRACTOR
At*tract"or, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, attracts. Sir T. Browne

ATTRAHENT
At"tra*hent, a. Etym: [L. attrahens, p. pr. of attrahere. See
Attract, v. t.]

Defn: Attracting; drawing; attractive.

ATTRAHENT
At"tra*hent, n.

1. That which attracts, as a magnet.
The motion of the steel to its attrahent. Glanvill.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A substance which, by irritating the surface, excites action in
the part to which it is applied, as a blister, an epispastic, a
sinapism.

ATTRAP
At*trap", v. t. Etym: [F. attraper to catch; à (L. ad) + trappe trap.
See Trap (for taking game).]

Defn: To entrap; to insnare. [Obs.] Grafton.

ATTRAP
At*trap", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ad + trap to adorn.]

Defn: To adorn with trapping; to array. [Obs.]
Shall your horse be attrapped . . . more richly Holland.

ATTRECTATION
At`trec*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. attrectatio; ad + tractare to handle.]

Defn: Frequent handling or touching. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

ATTRIBUTABLE
At*trib"u*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being attributed; ascribable; imputable.
Errors . . . attributable to carelessness. J. D. Hooker.

ATTRIBUTE
At*trib"ute, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attributed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Attributing.] Etym: [L. attributus, p. p. of attribuere; ad +
tribuere to bestow. See Tribute.]

Defn: To ascribe; to consider (something) as due or appropriate (to);
to refer, as an effect to a cause; to impute; to assign; to consider
as belonging (to).
We attribute nothing to God that hath any repugnancy or contradiction
in it. Abp. Tillotson.
The merit of service is seldom attributed to the true and exact
performer. Shak.

Syn.
 -- See Ascribe.

ATTRIBUTE
At"tri*bute, n. Etym: [L. attributum.]

1. That which is attributed; a quality which is considered as
belonging to, or inherent in, a person or thing; an essential or
necessary property or characteristic.
But mercy is above this sceptered away; . . . It is an attribute to
God himself. Shak.

2. Reputation. [Poetic] Shak.

3. (Paint. & Sculp.)

Defn: A conventional symbol of office, character, or identity, added
to any particular figure; as, a club is the attribute of Hercules.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: Quality, etc., denoted by an attributive; an attributive
adjunct or adjective.

ATTRIBUTION
At`tri*bu"tion, n. Etym: [L. attributio: cf. F. attribution.]

1. The act of attributing or ascribing, as a quality, character, or
function, to a thing or person, an effect to a cause.

2. That which is ascribed or attributed.

ATTRIBUTIVE
At*trib"u*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. attributif.]

Defn: Attributing; pertaining to, expressing, or assigning an
attribute; of the nature of an attribute.

ATTRIBUTIVE
At*trib"u*tive, n., (Gram.)

Defn: A word that denotes an attribute; esp. a modifying word joined
to a noun; an adjective or adjective phrase.

ATTRIBUTIVELY
At*trib"u*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an attributive manner.

ATTRITE
At*trite", a. Etym: [L. attritus, p. p. of atterere; ad + terere to
rub. See Trite.]

1. Rubbed; worn by friction. Milton.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: Repentant from fear of punishment; having attrition of grief
for sin; -- opposed to contrite.

ATTRITION
At*tri"tion, n. Etym: [L. attritio: cf. F. attrition.]

1. The act of rubbing together; friction; the act of wearing by
friction, or by rubbing substances together; abrasion.
Effected by attrition of the inward stomach. Arbuthnot.

2. The state of being worn. Johnson.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: Grief for sin arising only from fear of punishment or feelings
of shame. See Contrition. Wallis.

ATTRITUS
At*tri"tus, n. [L. attritus, p. p. of atterere; ad + terere to rub.]

Defn: Matter pulverized by attrition.

ATTRY
At"try, a. Etym: [See Atter.]

Defn: Poisonous; malignant; malicious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ATTUNE
At*tune", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attuned (; p. pr. & vb. n. Attuning.]
Etym: [Pref. ad- + tune.]

1. To tune or put in tune; to make melodious; to adjust, as one sound
or musical instrument to another; as, to attune the voice to a harp.

2. To arrange fitly; to make accordant.
Wake to energy each social aim, Attuned spontaneous to the will of
Jove. Beattie.

ATWAIN
A*twain", adv. Etym: [OE. atwaine, atwinne; pref. a- + twain.]

Defn: In twain; asunder. [Obs. or Poetic] "Cuts atwain the knots."
Tennyson.

ATWEEN
A*tween", adv. or prep. Etym: [See Atwain, and cf. Between.]

Defn: Between. [Archaic] Spenser. Tennyson.

ATWIRL
A*twirl", a. & adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + twist.]

Defn: Twisted; distorted; awry. [R.] Halliwell.

ATWITE
A*twite", v. t. Etym: [OE. attwyten, AS. ætwitan. See Twit.]

Defn: To speak reproachfully of; to twit; to upbraid. [Obs.]

ATWIXT
A*twixt", adv.

Defn: Betwixt. [Obs.] Spenser.

ATWO
A*two", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + two.]

Defn: In two; in twain; asunder. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ATYPIC; ATYPICAL
A*typ"ic, A*typ"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + typic, typical.]

Defn: That has no type; devoid of typical character; irregular;
unlike the type.

AUBADE
Au`bade", n. Etym: [F., fr. aube the dawn, fr. L. albus white.]

Defn: An open air concert in the morning, as distinguished from an
evening serenade; also, a pianoforte composition suggestive of
morning. Grove.
The crowing cock . . . Sang his aubade with lusty voice and clear.
Longfellow.

AUBAINE
Au`baine", n. Etym: [F., fr. aubain an alien, fr. L. alibi
elsewhere.]

Defn: Succession to the goods of a stranger not naturalized. Littré.
Droit d'aubaine (, the right, formerly possessed by the king of
France, to all the personal property of which an alien died
possessed. It was abolished in 1819. Bouvier.

AUBE
Aube, n. Etym: [See Ale.]

Defn: An alb. [Obs.] Fuller.

AUBERGE
Au`berge", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An inn. Beau. & Fl.

AUBIN
Au"bin, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A broken gait of a horse, between an amble and a gallop; --
commonly called a Canterbury gallop.

AUBURN
Au"burn, a. Etym: [OE. auburne blonde, OF. alborne, auborne, fr. LL.
alburnus whitish, fr. L. albus white. Cf. Alburn.]

1. Flaxen-colored. [Obs.] Florio.

2. Reddish brown.
His auburn locks on either shoulder flowed. Dryden.

AUCHENIUM
Au*che"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The part of the neck nearest the back.

AUCTARY
Auc"ta*ry, n. Etym: [L. auctarium.]

Defn: That which is superadded; augmentation. [Obs.] Baxter.

AUCTION
Auc"tion, n. Etym: [L. auctio an increasing, a public sale, where the
price was called out, and the article to be sold was adjudged to the
last increaser of the price, or the highest bidder, fr. L. augere,
auctum, to increase. See Augment.]

1. A public sale of property to the highest bidder, esp. by a person
licensed and authorized for the purpose; a vendue.

2. The things sold by auction or put up to auction.
Ask you why Phryne the whole auction buys Pope.

Note: In the United States, the more prevalent expression has been
"sales at auction," that is, by an increase of bids (Lat. auctione).
This latter form is preferable. Dutch auction, the public offer of
property at a price beyond its value, then gradually lowering the
price, till some one accepts it as purchaser. P. Cyc.

AUCTION
Auc"tion, v. t.

Defn: To sell by auction.

AUCTIONARY
Auc"tion*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. auctionarius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an auction or an auctioneer. [R.]
With auctionary hammer in thy hand. Dryden.

AUCTION BRIDGE
Auc"tion bridge.

Defn: A variety of the game of bridge in which the players, beginning
with the dealer, bid for the privilege of naming the trump and
playing with the dummy for that deal, there being heavy penalties for
a player's failure to make good his bid. The score value of each
trick more than six taken by the successful bidder is as follows:
when the trump is spades, 2; clubs, 6; diamonds, 7; hearts, 8; royal
spades (lilies), 9; and when the deal is played with no trump, 10.

AUCTIONEER
Auc`tion*eer", n.

Defn: A person who sells by auction; a person whose business it is to
dispose of goods or lands by public sale to the highest or best
bidder.

AUCTIONEER
Auc`tion*eer", v. t.

Defn: To sell by auction; to auction.
Estates . . . advertised and auctioneered away. Cowper.

AUCTION PITCH
Auction pitch.

Defn: A game of cards in which the players bid for the privilege of
determining or "pitching" the trump suit.  R. F. Foster.

AUCUPATION
Au`cu*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. aucupatio, fr. auceps, contr. for
aviceps; avis bird + capere to take.]

Defn: Birdcatching; fowling. [Obs.] Blount.

AUDACIOUS
Au*da"cious, a. Etym: [F. audacieux, as if fr. LL. audaciosus (not
found), fr. L. audacia audacity, fr. audax, -acis, bold, fr. audere
to dare.]

1. Daring; spirited; adventurous.
As in a cloudy chair, ascending rides Audacious. Milton.

2. Contemning the restraints of law, religion, or decorum; bold in
wickedness; presumptuous; impudent; insolent. " Audacious traitor."
Shak. " Such audacious neighborhood." Milton.

3. Committed with, or proceedings from, daring effrontery or contempt
of law, morality, or decorum. "Audacious cruelty." "Audacious prate."
Shak.

AUDACIOUSLY
Au*da"cious*ly, adv.

Defn: In an audacious manner; with excess of boldness; impudently.

AUDACIOUSNESS
Au*da"cious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being audacious; impudence; audacity.

AUDACITY
Au*dac"i*ty, n.

1. Daring spirit, resolution, or confidence; venturesomeness.
The freedom and audacity necessary in the commerce of men. Tatler.

2. Reckless daring; presumptuous impudence; -- implying a contempt of
law or moral restraints.
With the most arrogant audacity. Joye.

AUDIBILITY
Au`di*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being audible; power of being heard; audible
capacity.

AUDIBLE
Au"di*ble, a. Etym: [LL. audibilis, fr. L. audire, auditum, to hear:
cf. Gr. auris, and E. ear.]

Defn: Capable of being heard; loud enough to be heard; actually
heard; as, an audible voice or whisper.

AUDIBLE
Au"di*ble, n.

Defn: That which may be heard. [Obs.]
Visibles are swiftlier carried to the sense than audibles. Bacon.

AUDIBLENESS
Au"di*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being audible.

AUDIBLY
Au"di*bly, adv.

Defn: So as to be heard.

AUDIENCE
Au"di*ence, n. Etym: [F. audience, L. audientia, fr. audire to hear.
See Audible, a.]

1. The act of hearing; attention to sounds.
Thou, therefore, give due audience, and attend. Milton.

2. Admittance to a hearing; a formal interview, esp. with a sovereign
or the head of a government, for conference or the transaction of
business.
According to the fair play of the world, Let me have audience: I am
sent to speak. Shak.

3. An auditory; an assembly of hearers. Also applied by authors to
their readers.
Fit audience find, though few. Milton.
He drew his audience upward to the sky. Dryden.
Court of audience, or Audience court (Eng.), a court long since
disused, belonging to the Archbishop of Canterbury; also, one
belonging to the Archbishop of York. Mozley & W.
 -- In general (or open) audience, publicly.
 -- To give audience, to listen; to admit to an interview.

AUDIENT
Au"di*ent, a. Etym: [L. audiens, p. pr. of audire. See Audible, a.]

Defn: Listening; paying attention; as, audient souls. Mrs. Browning.

AUDIENT
Au"di*ent, n.

Defn: A hearer; especially a catechumen in the early church. [Obs.]
Shelton.

AUDILE
Au"dile, n. [L. audire to hear.] (Psychol.)

Defn: One whose thoughts take the form of mental sounds or of
internal discourse rather than of visual or motor images.

AUDIOMETER
Au`di*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. audire to hear + -meter.] (Acous.)

Defn: An instrument by which the power of hearing can be gauged and
recorded on a scale.

AUDIPHONE
Au"di*phone, n. Etym: [L. audire to hear + Gr.

Defn: An instrument which, placed against the teeth, conveys sound to
the auditory nerve and enables the deaf to hear more or less
distinctly; a dentiphone.

AUDIT
Au"dit, n. Etym: [L. auditus a hearing, fr. audire. See Audible, a.]

1. An audience; a hearing. [Obs.]
He appeals to a high audit. Milton.

2. An examination in general; a judicial examination.

Note: Specifically: An examination of an account or of accounts, with
the hearing of the parties concerned, by proper officers, or persons
appointed for that purpose, who compare the charges with the
vouchers, examine witnesses, and state the result.

3. The result of such an examination, or an account as adjusted by
auditors; final account.
Yet I can make my audit up. Shak.

4. A general receptacle or receiver. [Obs.]
It [a little brook] paid to its common audit no more than the
revenues of a little cloud. Jer. Taylor.
Audit ale, a kind of ale, brewed at the English universities, orig.
for the day of audit.
 -- Audit house, Audit room, an appendage to a cathedral, for the
transaction of its business.

AUDIT
Au"dit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Audited; p. pr. & vb. n. Auditing.]

Defn: To examine and adjust, as an account or accounts; as, to audit
the accounts of a treasure, or of parties who have a suit depending
in court.

AUDIT
Au"dit, v. i.

Defn: To settle or adjust an account.
Let Hocus audit; he knows how the money was disbursed. Arbuthnot.

AUDITA QUERELA
Au*di"ta que*re"la. Etym: [L., the complaint having been heard.]
(Law)

Defn: A writ which lies for a party against whom judgment is
recovered, but to whom good matter of discharge has subsequently
accrued which could not have been availed of to prevent such
judgment. Wharton.

AUDITION
Au*di"tion, n. Etym: [L. auditio.]

Defn: The act of hearing or listening; hearing.
Audition may be active or passive; hence the difference between
listening and simple hearing. Dunglison.

AUDITIVE
Au"di*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. auditif.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to hearing; auditory. [R.] Cotgrave.

AUDITOR
Au"di*tor, n. Etym: [L. auditor, fr. audire. See Audible, a.]

1. A hearer or listener. Macaulay.

2. A person appointed and authorized to audit or examine an account
or accounts, compare the charges with the vouchers, examine the
parties and witnesses, allow or reject charges, and state the
balance.

3. One who hears judicially, as in an audience court.

Note: In the United States government, and in the State governments,
there are auditors of the treasury and of the public accounts. The
name is also applied to persons employed to check the accounts of
courts, corporations, companies, societies, and partnerships.

AUDITORIAL
Au`di*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Auditory. [R.]

AUDITORIUM
Au`di*to"ri*um, n. Etym: [L. See Auditory, n.]

Defn: The part of a church, theater, or other public building,
assigned to the audience.

Note: In ancient churches the auditorium was the nave, where hearers
stood to be instructed; in monasteries it was an apartment for the
reception of strangers.

AUDITORSHIP
Au"di*tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office or function of auditor.

AUDITORY
Au"di*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. auditorius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to hearing, or to the sense or organs of
hearing; as, the auditory nerve. See Ear. Auditory canal (Anat.), the
tube from the auditory meatus or opening of the ear to the tympanic
membrane.

AUDITORY
Au"di*to*ry, n. Etym: [L. auditorium.]

1. An assembly of hearers; an audience.

2. An auditorium. Udall.

AUDITRESS
Au"di*tress, n.

Defn: A female hearer. Milton.

AUDITUAL
Au*dit"u*al, a.

Defn: Auditory. [R.] Coleridge.

AUF
Auf, n. Etym: [OE. auph, aulf, fr. Icel. alfr elf. See Elf.] [Also
spelt oaf, ouphe.]

Defn: A changeling or elf child, -- that is, one left by fairies; a
deformed or foolish child; a simpleton; an oaf. [Obs.] Drayton.

AU FAIT
Au` fait". Etym: [F. Lit., to the deed, act, or point. Fait is fr. L.
factum. See Fact.]

Defn: Expert; skillful; well instructed.

AUFKLARUNG
Auf"klä*rung, n. [G., enlightenment.]

Defn: A philosophic movement of the 18th century characterized by a
lively questioning of authority, keen interest in matters of politics
and general culture, and an emphasis on empirical method in science.
It received its impetus from the unsystematic but vigorous skepticism
of Pierre Bayle, the physical doctrines of Newton, and the
epistemological theories of Locke, in the preceding century. Its
chief center was in France, where it gave rise to the skepticism of
Voltaire , the naturalism of Rousseau, the sensationalism of
Condillac, and the publication of the "Encyclopedia" by D'Alembert
and Diderot. In Germany, Lessing, Mendelssohn, and Herder were
representative thinkers, while the political doctrines of the leaders
of the American Revolution and the speculations of Benjamin Franklin
and Thomas Paine represented the movement in America.

AU FOND
Au` fond". [F., lit., at the bottom.]

Defn: At bottom; fundamentally; essentially.

AUGEAN
Au*ge"an, a.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Augeus, king of Elis, whose stable
contained 3000 oxen, and had not been cleaned for 30 years. Hercules
cleansed it in a single day.

2. Hence: Exceedingly filthy or corrupt. Augean stable (Fig.), an
accumulation of corruption or filth almost beyond the power of man to
remedy.

AUGER
Au"ger, n. Etym: [OE. augoure, nauger, AS. nafegar, fr. nafu, nafa,
nave of a wheel + gar spear, and therefore meaning properly and
originally a nave-bore. See Nave (of a wheel) and 2d Gore, n.]

1. A carpenter's tool for boring holes larger than those bored by a
gimlet. It has a handle placed crosswise by which it is turned with
both hands. A pod auger is one with a straight channel or groove,
like the half of a bean pod. A screw auger has a twisted blade, by
the spiral groove of which the chips are discharge.

2. An instrument for boring or perforating soils or rocks, for
determining the quality of soils, or the nature of the rocks or
strata upon which they lie, and for obtaining water. Auger bit, a bit
with a cutting edge or blade like that of an anger.

AUGET
Au*get", n. Etym: [F., dim. of auge trough, fr. L. alveus hollow, fr.
alvus belly.] (Mining)

Defn: A priming tube connecting the charge chamber with the gallery,
or place where the slow match is applied. Knight.

AUGHT; AUCHT
Aught, Aucht, n. Etym: [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]

Defn: Property; possession. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

AUGHT
Aught, n. Etym: [OE. aught, ought, awiht, AS. awiht, a ever + wiht.
*136. See Aye ever, and Whit, Wight.]

Defn: Anything; any part. [Also written ought.]
There failed not aught of any good thing which the Lord has spoken.
Josh. xxi. 45
But go, my son, and see if aught be wanting. Addison.

AUGHT
Aught, adv.

Defn: At all; in any degree. Chaucer.

AUGITE
Au"gite, n. Etym: [L. augites, Gr. augite.]

Defn: A variety of pyroxene, usually of a black or dark green color,
occurring in igneous rocks, such as basalt; -- also used instead of
the general term pyroxene.

AUGITIC
Au*git"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, augite; containing augite as a
principal constituent; as, augitic rocks.

AUGMENT
Aug*ment", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Augmented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Augmenting.] Etym: [L. augmentare, fr. augmentum an increase, fr.
augere to increase; perh. akin to Gr. wax, v., and eke, v.: cf. F.
augmenter.]

1. To enlarge or increase in size, amount, or degree; to swell; to
make bigger; as, to augment an army by reëforcements; rain augments a
stream; impatience augments an evil.
But their spite still serves His glory to augment. Milton.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: To add an augment to.

AUGMENT
Aug*ment", v. i.

Defn: To increase; to grow larger, stronger, or more intense; as, a
stream augments by rain.

AUGMENT
Aug"ment, n. Etym: [L. augmentum: cf. F. augment.]

1. Enlargement by addition; increase.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A vowel prefixed, or a lengthening of the initial vowel, to
mark past time, as in Greek and Sanskrit verbs.

Note: In Greek, the syllabic augment is a prefixed temporal augment
is an increase of the quantity (time) of an initial vowel, as by
changing

AUGMENTABLE
Aug*ment"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of augmentation. Walsh.

AUGMENTATION
Aug`men*ta"tion, n. Etym: [LL. augmentatio: cf. F. augmentation.]

1. The act or process of augmenting, or making larger, by addition,
expansion, or dilation; increase.

2. The state of being augmented; enlargement.

3. The thing added by way of enlargement.

4. (Her.)

Defn: A additional charge to a coat of arms, given as a mark of
honor. Cussans.

5. (Med.)

Defn: The stage of a disease in which the symptoms go on increasing.
Dunglison.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: In counterpoint and fugue, a repetition of the subject in tones
of twice the original length. Augmentation court (Eng. Hist.), a
court erected by Stat. 27 Hen. VIII., to augment to revenues of the
crown by the suppression of monasteries. It was long ago dissolved.
Encyc. Brit.

Syn.
 -- Increase; enlargement; growth; extension; accession; addition.

AUGMENTATIVE
Aug*ment"a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. augmentatif.]

Defn: Having the quality or power of augmenting; expressing
augmentation.
 -- Aug*ment"a*tive*ly, adv.

AUGMENTATIVE
Aug*ment"a*tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: A word which expresses with augmented force the idea or the
properties of the term from which it is derived; as, dullard, one
very dull. Opposed to diminutive. Gibbs.

AUGMENTER
Aug*ment"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, augments or increases anything.

AU GRATIN
Au` gra`tin". [F.] (Cookery)

Defn: With a crust made by browning in the oven; as, spaghetti may be
served au gratin.

AUGRIM
Au"grim, n.

Defn: See Algorism. [Obs.] Chaucer. Augrim stones, pebbles formerly
used in numeration.
 -- Noumbres of Augrim, Arabic numerals. Chaucer.

AUGUR
Au"gur, n. Etym: [L. Of uncertain origin: the first part of the word
is perh. fr. L. avis bird, and the last syllable, gur, equiv. to the
Skr. gar to call, akin to L. garrulus garrulous.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An official diviner who foretold events by the singing,
chattering, flight, and feeding of birds, or by signs or omens
derived from celestial phenomena, certain appearances of quadrupeds,
or unusual occurrences.

2. One who foretells events by omens; a soothsayer; a diviner; a
prophet.
Augur of ill, whose tongue was never found Without a priestly curse
or boding sound. Dryden.

AUGUR
Au"gur, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Augured (; p. pr. & vb. n. Auguring.]

1. To conjecture from signs or omens; to prognosticate; to foreshow.
My auguring mind assures the same success. Dryden.

2. To anticipate, to foretell, or to indicate a favorable or an
unfavorable issue; as, to augur well or ill.

AUGUR
Au"gur, v. t.

Defn: To predict or foretell, as from signs or omens; to betoken; to
presage; to infer.
It seems to augur genius. Sir W. Scott.
I augur everything from the approbation the proposal has met with. J.
F. W. Herschel.

Syn.
 -- To predict; forebode; betoken; portend; presage; prognosticate;
prophesy; forewarn.

AUGURAL
Au"gu*ral, a. Etym: [L. auguralis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to augurs or to augury; betokening; ominous;
significant; as, an augural staff; augural books. "Portents augural."
Cowper.

AUGURATE
Au"gu*rate, v. t. & i. Etym: [L. auguratus, p. p. of augurari to
augur.]

Defn: To make or take auguries; to augur; to predict. [Obs.] C.
Middleton.

AUGURATE
Au"gu*rate, n.

Defn: The office of an augur. Merivale.

AUGURATION
Au`gu*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. auguratio.]

Defn: The practice of augury.

AUGURER
Au"gur*er, n.

Defn: An augur. [Obs.] Shak.

AUGURIAL
Au*gu"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. augurialis.]

Defn: Relating to augurs or to augury. Sir T. Browne.

AUGURIST
Au"gu*rist, n.

Defn: An augur. [R.]

AUGURIZE
Au"gur*ize, v. t.

Defn: To augur. [Obs.] Blount.

AUGURIZE
Au"gur*ize, v. t.

Defn: To augur. [Obs.]  Blount.

AUGUROUS
Au"gu*rous, a.

Defn: Full of augury; foreboding. [Obs.] "Augurous hearts." Chapman.

AUGURSHIP
Au"gur*ship, n.

Defn: The office, or period of office, of an augur. Bacon.

AUGURY
Au"gu*ry, n.; pl. Auguries (. Etym: [L. aucurium.]

1. The art or practice of foretelling events by observing the actions
of birds, etc.; divination.

2. An omen; prediction; prognostication; indication of the future;
presage.
From their flight strange auguries she drew. Drayton.
He resigned himself . . . with a docility that gave little augury of
his future greatness. Prescott.

3. A rite, ceremony, or observation of an augur.

AUGUST
Au*gust", a. Etym: [L. augustus; cf. augere to increase; in the
language of religion, to honor by offerings: cf. F. auguste. See
Augment.]

Defn: Of a quality inspiring mingled admiration and reverence; having
an aspect of solemn dignity or grandeur; sublime; majestic; having
exalted birth, character, state, or authority. "Forms august." Pope.
"August in visage." Dryden. "To shed that august blood." Macaulay.
So beautiful and so august a spectacle. Burke.
To mingle with a body so august. Byron.

Syn.
 -- Grand; magnificent; majestic; solemn; awful; noble; stately;
dignified; imposing.

AUGUST
Au"gust, n. Etym: [L. Augustus. See note below, and August, a.]

Defn: The eighth month of the year, containing thirty-one days.

Note: The old Roman name was Sextilis, the sixth month from March,
the month in which the primitive Romans, as well as Jews, began the
year. The name was changed to August in honor of Augustus Cæsar, the
first emperor of Rome, on account of his victories, and his entering
on his first consulate in that month.

AUGUSTAN
Au*gus"tan, a. Etym: [L. Augustanus, fr. Augustus. See August, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to Augustus Cæsar or to his times.

2. Of or pertaining to the town of Augsburg. Augustan age of any
national literature, the period of its highest state of purity and
refinement; -- so called because the reign of Augustus Cæsar was the
golden age of Roman literature. Thus the reign of Louis XIV. (b.
1638) has been called the Augustan age of French literature, and that
of Queen Anne (b. 1664) the Augustan age of English literature.
 -- Augustan confession (Eccl. Hist.), or confession of Augsburg,
drawn up at Augusta Vindelicorum, or Augsburg, by Luther and
Melanchthon, in 1530, contains the principles of the Protestants, and
their reasons for separating from the Roman Catholic church.

AUGUSTINE; AUGUSTINIAN
Au*gus"tine, Au`gus*tin"i*an, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: A member of one of the religious orders called after St.
Augustine; an Austin friar.

AUGUSTINIAN
Au`gus*tin"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to St. Augustine, bishop of Hippo in Northern
Africa (b. 354 -- d. 430), or to his doctrines. Augustinian canons,
an order of monks once popular in England and Ireland; -- called also
regular canons of St. Austin, and black canons.
 -- Augustinian hermits or Austin friars, an order of friars
established in 1265 by Pope Alexander IV. It was introduced into the
United States from Ireland in 1790.
 -- Augustinian nuns, an order of nuns following the rule of St.
Augustine.
 -- Augustinian rule, a rule for religious communities based upon the
109th letter of St. Augustine, and adopted by the Augustinian orders.

AUGUSTINIAN
Au`gus*tin"i*an, n.

Defn: One of a class of divines, who, following St. Augustine,
maintain that grace by its nature is effectual absolutely and
creatively, not relatively and conditionally.

AUGUSTINIANISM; AUGUSTINISM
Au`gus*tin"i*an*ism, Au*gus"tin*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrines held by Augustine or by the Augustinians.

AUGUSTLY
Au*gust"ly, adv.

Defn: In an august manner.

AUGUSTNESS
Au*gust"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being august; dignity of mien; grandeur;
magnificence.

AUK
Auk, n. Etym: [Prov. E. alk; akin to Dan. alke, Icel. & Sw. alka.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A name given to various species of arctic sea birds of the
family Alcidæ. The great auk, now extinct, is Alca (or Plautus)
impennis. The razor-billed auk is A. torda. See Puffin, Guillemot,
and Murre.

AUKWARD
Auk"ward, a.

Defn: See Awkward. [Obs.]

AULARIAN
Au*la"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. aula hall. Cf. LL. aularis of a court.]

Defn: Relating to a hall.

AULARIAN
Au*la"ri*an, n.

Defn: At Oxford, England, a member of a hall, distinguished from a
collegian. Chalmers.

AULD
Auld, a. Etym: [See Old.]

Defn: Old; as, Auld Reekie (old smoky), i. e., Edinburgh. [Scot. &
Prov. Eng.]

AULD LANG SYNE
Auld` lang syne".

Defn: A Scottish phrase used in recalling recollections of times long
since past. "The days of auld lang syne."

AULD LICHT; AULD LIGHT
Auld licht, Auld light . (Eccl. Hist.)
 (a) A member of the conservative party in the Church of Scotland in
the latter part of the 18th century.
 (b) Same as Burgher, n., 2.

AULETIC
Au*let"ic, a. Etym: [L. auleticus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pipe (flute) or piper. [R.] Ash.

AULIC
Au"lic, a. Etym: [L. aulicus, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to a royal court.
Ecclesiastical wealth and aulic dignities. Landor.
Aulic council (Hist.), a supreme court of the old German empire;
properly the supreme court of the emperor. It ceased at the death of
each emperor, and was renewed by his successor. It became extinct
when the German empire was dissolved, in 1806. The term is now
applied to a council of the war department of the Austrian empire,
and the members of different provincial chanceries of that empire are
called aulic councilors. P. Cyc.

AULIC
Au"lic, n.

Defn: The ceremony observed in conferring the degree of doctor of
divinity in some European universities. It begins by a harangue of
the chancellor addressed to the young doctor, who then receives the
cap, and presides at the disputation (also called the aulic).

AULN
Auln, n.

Defn: An ell. [Obs.] See Aune.

AULNAGE; AULNAGER
Aul"nage, Aul"na*ger, n.

Defn: See Alnage and Alnager.

AUM
Aum, n.

Defn: Same as Aam.

AUMAIL
Au*mail", v. t. Etym: [OE. for amel, enamel.]

Defn: To figure or variegate. [Obs.] Spenser.

AUMBRY
Aum"bry, n.

Defn: Same as Ambry.

AUMERY
Au"me*ry, n.

Defn: A form of Ambry, a closet; but confused with Almonry, as if a
place for alms.

AUNCEL
Aun"cel, n.

Defn: A rude balance for weighing, and a kind of weight, formerly
used in England. Halliwell.

AUNCETRY
Aun"cet*ry, n.

Defn: Ancestry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AUNE
Aune, n. Etym: [F. See Alnage.]

Defn: A French cloth measure, of different parts of the country (at
Paris, 0.95 of an English ell); -- now superseded by the meter.

AUNT
Aunt, n. Etym: [OF. ante, F. tante, L. amita father's sister. Cf.
Amma.]

1. The sister of one's father or mother; -- correlative to nephew or
niece. Also applied to an uncle's wife.

Note: Aunt is sometimes applied as a title or term of endearment to a
kind elderly woman not thus related.

2. An old woman; and old gossip. [Obs.] Shak.

3. A bawd, or a prostitute. [Obs.] Shak. Aunt Sally, a puppet head
placed on a pole and having a pipe in its mouth; also a game, which
consists in trying to hit the pipe by throwing short bludgeons at it.

AUNTER
Aun"ter, n.

Defn: Adventure; hap. [Obs.] In aunters, perchance.

AUNTER; AUNTRE
Aun"ter, Aun"tre, v. t. Etym: [See Adventure.]

Defn: To venture; to dare. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AUNTIE; AUNTY
Aunt"ie, Aunt"y, n.

Defn: A familiar name for an aunt. In the southern United States a
familiar term applied to aged negro women.

AUNTROUS
Aun"trous, a.

Defn: Adventurous. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AURA
Au"ra, n.; pl. Auræ (. Etym: [L. aura air, akin to Gr.

1. Any subtile, invisible emanation, effluvium, or exhalation from a
substance, as the aroma of flowers, the odor of the blood, a supposed
fertilizing emanation from the pollen of flowers, etc.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The peculiar sensation, as of a light vapor, or cold air,
rising from the trunk or limbs towards the head, a premonitory
symptom of epilepsy or hysterics. Electric ~, a supposed electric
fluid, emanating from an electrified body, and forming a mass
surrounding it, called the electric atmosphere. See Atmosphere, 2.

AURAL
Au"ral, a. Etym: [L. aura air.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the air, or to an aura.

AURAL
Au"ral, a. Etym: [L. auris ear.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ear; as, aural medicine and surgery.

AURANTIACEOUS
Au*ran`ti*a"ceous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the Aurantiaceæ, an order of
plants (formerly considered natural), of which the orange is the
type.

AURATE
Au"rate, n. Etym: [L. auratus, p. p. of aurare to gild, fr. aurum
gold: cf. F. aurate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A combination of auric acid with a base; as, aurate or
potassium.

AURATED
Au"ra*ted, a. Etym: [See Aurate.]

1. Resembling or containing gold; gold-colored; gilded.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined with auric acid.

AURATED
Au"ra*ted, a.

Defn: Having ears. See Aurited.

AUREATE
Au"re*ate, a. Etym: [L. aureatus, fr. aureus golden, fr. aurum gold.]

Defn: Golden; gilded. Skelton.

AURELIA
Au*re"li*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. aurum gold: cf. F. aurélie. Cf.
Chrysalis.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The chrysalis, or pupa of an insect, esp. when reflecting a
brilliant golden color, as that of some of the butterflies.
(b) A genus of jellyfishes. See Discophora.

AURELIAN
Au*re"li*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the aurelia.

AURELIAN
Au*re"li*an, n.

Defn: An amateur collector and breeder of insects, esp. of
butterflies and moths; a lepidopterist.

AUREOLA; AUREOLE
Au*re"o*la, Au"re*ole, n. Etym: [F. auréole, fr. L. aureola, (fem
adj.) of gold (sc. corona crown), dim. of aureus. See Aureate,
Oriole.]

1. (R. C. Theol.)

Defn: A celestial crown or accidental glory added to the bliss of
heaven, as a reward to those (as virgins, martyrs, preachers, etc.)
who have overcome the world, the flesh, and the devil.

2. The circle of rays, or halo of light, with which painters surround
the figure and represent the glory of Christ, saints, and others held
in special reverence.

Note: Limited to the head, it is strictly termed a nimbus; when it
envelops the whole body, an aureola. Fairholt.

3. A halo, actual or figurative.
The glorious aureole of light seen around the sun during total
eclipses. Proctor.
The aureole of young womanhood. O. W. Holmes.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: See Areola, 2.

AU REVOIR
Au` re*voir". [F., lit., to the seeing again.]

Defn: Good-by until we meet again.

AURIC
Au"ric, a. Etym: [L. aurum gold.]

1. Of or pertaining to gold.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, gold; -- said of those
compounds of gold in which this element has its higher valence; as,
auric oxide; auric chloride.

AURICHALCEOUS
Au`ri*chal"ce*ous, a. Etym: [L. aurichalcum, for orichalcum brass.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Brass-colored.

AURICHALCITE
Au`ri*chal"cite, n. Etym: [See Aurichalceous.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous carbonate of copper and zinc, found in pale green or
blue crystalline aggregations. It yields a kind of brass on
reduction.

AURICLE
Au"ri*cle, n. Etym: [L. auricula, dim. of auris ear. See Ear.]

1. (Anat.)
(a) The external ear, or that part of the ear which is prominent from
the head.
(b) The chamber, or one of the two chambers, of the heart, by which
the blood is received and transmitted to the ventricle or ventricles;
-- so called from its resemblance to the auricle or external ear of
some quadrupeds. See Heart.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An angular or ear-shaped lobe.

3. An instrument applied to the ears to give aid in hearing; a kind
of ear trumpet. Mansfield.

AURICLED
Au"ri*cled, a.

Defn: Having ear-shaped appendages or lobes; auriculate; as, auricled
leaves.

AURICULA
Au*ric"u*la, n.; pl. L. Auriculæ (, E. Auriculas (. Etym: [L.
auricula. See Auricle.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) A species of Primula, or primrose, called also, from the shape of
its leaves, bear's-ear. (b)
(b) A species of Hirneola (H. auricula), a membranaceous fungus,
called also auricula Judæ, or Jew's-ear. P. Cyc.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A genus of air-breathing mollusks mostly found near the sea,
where the water is brackish
(b) One of the five arched processes of the shell around the jaws of
a sea urchin.

AURICULAR
Au*ric"u*lar, a. Etym: [LL. auricularis: cf. F. auriculaire. See
Auricle.]

1. Of or pertaining to the ear, or to the sense of hearing; as,
auricular nerves.

2. Told in the ear, i. e., told privately; as, auricular confession
to the priest.
This next chapter is a penitent confession of the king, and the
strangest . . . that ever was auricular. Milton.

3. Recognized by the ear; known by the sense of hearing; as,
auricular evidence. "Auricular assurance." Shak.

4. Received by the ear; known by report. "Auricular traditions."
Bacon.

5. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the auricles of the heart. Auricular finger, the
little finger; so called because it can be readily introduced into
the ear passage.

AURICULARIA
Au*ric`u*la"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl., fr. LL. auricularis.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of holothurian larva, with soft, blunt appendages. See
Illustration in Appendix.

AURICULARLY
Au*ric"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In an auricular manner.

AURICULARS
Au*ric"u*lars, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A circle of feathers surrounding the opening of the ear of
birds.

AURICULATE; AURICULATED
Au*ric"u*late, Au*ric"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [See Auricle.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having ears or appendages like ears; eared. Esp.: (a) (Bot.)
Having lobes or appendages like the ear; shaped like the ear;
auricled. (b) (Zoöl.) Having an angular projection on one or both
sides, as in certain bivalve shells, the foot of some gastropods,
etc. Auriculate leaf, one having small appended leaves or lobes on
each side of its petiole or base.

AURIFEROUS
Au*rif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. aurifer; aurum gold + ferre to bear: cf.
F. aurifère.]

Defn: Gold-bearing; containing or producing gold.
Whence many a bursting stream auriferous plays. Thomson.
~= pyrites, iron pyrites (iron disulphide), containing some gold
disseminated through it.

AURIFLAMME
Au"ri*flamme, n.

Defn: See Oriflamme.

AURIFORM
Au"ri*form, a. Etym: [L. auris ear + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of the human ear; ear-shaped.

AURIGA
Au*ri"ga, n. Etym: [L., charioteer.] (Anat.)

Defn: The Charioteer, or Wagoner, a constellation in the northern
hemisphere, situated between Perseus and Gemini. It contains the
bright star Capella.

AURIGAL
Au*ri"gal, a. Etym: [L. aurigalis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a chariot. [R.]

AURIGATION
Au`ri*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. aurigatio, fr. aurigare to be a
charioteer, fr. auriga.]

Defn: The act of driving a chariot or a carriage. [R.] De Quincey.

AURIGRAPHY
Au*rig"ra*phy, n. Etym: [L. aurum gold + -graphy.]

Defn: The art of writing with or in gold.

AURILAVE
Au`ri*lave, n. [L. auris ear + lavare to wash.]

Defn: An instrument for cleansing the ear, consisting of a small
piece of sponge on an ivory or bone handle.

AURIN
Au"rin, n. Etym: [L. aurum gold.] (Chem.)

Defn: A red coloring matter derived from phenol; -- called also, in
commerce, yellow coralin.

AURIPHRYGIATE
Au`ri*phryg"i*ate, a. Etym: [LL. auriphrigiatus; L. aurum gold + LL.
phrygiare to adorn with Phrygian needlework, or with embroidery;
perhaps corrupted from some other word. Cf. Orfrays.]

Defn: Embroidered or decorated with gold. [R.] Southey.

AURIPIGMENT
Au`ri*pig"ment, n.

Defn: See Orpiment. [Obs.]

AURISCALP
Au"ri*scalp, n. Etym: [L. auris ear + scalpere to scrape.]

Defn: An earpick.

AURISCOPE
Au"ri*scope, n. Etym: [L. auris + -scope.] (Med.)

Defn: An instrument for examining the condition of the ear.

AURISCOPY
Au*ris"co*py, n.

Defn: Examination of the ear by the aid of the auriscope.

AURIST
Au"rist, n. Etym: [L. auris ear.]

Defn: One skilled in treating and curing disorders of the ear.

AURITED
Au"ri*ted, a. Etym: [L. auritus, fr. auris ear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having lobes like the ear; auriculate.

AURIVOROUS
Au*riv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. aurum gold + vorare to devour.]

Defn: Gold-devouring. [R.] H. Walpole.

AUROCEPHALOUS
Au`ro*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Aurum + cephalous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a gold-colored head.

AUROCHLORIDE
Au`ro*chlo"ride, n. Etym: [Aurum + chloride.] (Chem.)

Defn: The trichloride of gold combination with the chloride of
another metal, forming a double chloride; -- called also chloraurate.

AUROCHS
Au"rochs, n. Etym: [G. auerochs, OHG. ; (cf. AS. ) + ohso ox, G.
ochs. Cf. Owre, Ox.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European bison (Bison bonasus, or Europæus), once widely
distributed, but now nearly extinct, except where protected in the
Lithuanian forests, and perhaps in the Caucasus. It is distinct from
the Urus of Cæsar, with which it has often been confused.

AUROCYANIDE
Au`ro*cy"a*nide, n. Etym: [Aurum + cyanide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A double cyanide of gold and some other metal or radical; --
called also cyanaurate.

AURORA
Au*ro"ra, n.; pl. E. Auroras (, L. (rarely used) Auroræ (. Etym: [L.
aurora, for ausosa, akin to Gr. ushas, and E. east.]

1. The rising light of the morning; the dawn of day; the redness of
the sky just before the sun rises.

2. The rise, dawn, or beginning. Hawthorne.

3. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The Roman personification of the dawn of day; the goddess of
the morning. The poets represented her a rising out of the ocean, in
a chariot, with rosy fingers dropping gentle dew.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of crowfoot. Johnson.

5. The aurora borealis or aurora australis (northern or southern
lights). Aurora borealis (, i. e., northern daybreak; popularly
called northern lights. A luminous meteoric phenomenon, visible only
at night, and supposed to be of electrical origin. This species of
light usually appears in streams, ascending toward the zenith from a
dusky line or bank, a few degrees above the northern horizon; when
reaching south beyond the zenith, it forms what is called the corona,
about a spot in the heavens toward which the dipping needle points.
Occasionally the aurora appears as an arch of light across the
heavens from east to west. Sometimes it assumes a wavy appearance,
and the streams of light are then called merry dancers. They assume a
variety of colors, from a pale red or yellow to a deep red or blood
color. The Aurora australis (is a corresponding phenomenon in the
southern hemisphere, the streams of light ascending in the same
manner from near the southern horizon.

AURORAL
Au*ro"ral, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, the aurora (the dawn or the
northern lights); rosy.
Her cheeks suffused with an auroral blush. Longfellow.

AUROUS
Au"rous, a.

1. Containing gold.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, gold; -- said of those
compounds of gold in which this element has its lower valence; as,
aurous oxide.

AURUM
Au"rum, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Gold. Aurum fulminans (See Fulminate.
 -- Aurum mosaicum (See Mosaic.

AUSCULT
Aus*cult", v. i. & t.

Defn: To auscultate.

AUSCULTATE
Aus"cul*tate, v. i. & t.

Defn: To practice auscultation; to examine by auscultation.

AUSCULTATION
Aus`cul*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. ausculcatio, fr. auscultare to listen,
fr. a dim. of auris, orig. ausis, ear. See Auricle, and cf. Scout,
n.]

1. The act of listening or hearkening to. Hickes.

2. (Med.)

Defn: An examination by listening either directly with the ear
(immediate auscultation) applied to parts of the body, as the
abdomen; or with the stethoscope (mediate ~), in order to distinguish
sounds recognized as a sign of health or of disease.

AUSCULTATOR
Aus"cul*ta`tor, n.

Defn: One who practices auscultation.

AUSCULTATORY
Aus*cul"ta*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to auscultation. Dunglison.

AUSONIAN
Au*so"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Ausonia, poetic name for Italy.]

Defn: Italian. Milton.

AUSPICATE
Aus"pi*cate, a. Etym: [L. auspicatus, p. p. of auspicari to take
auspices, fr. auspex a bird seer, an augur, a contr. of avispex; avis
bird + specere, spicere, to view. See Aviary, Spy.]

Defn: Auspicious. [Obs.] Holland.

AUSPICATE
Aus"pi*cate, v. t.

1. To foreshow; to foretoken. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. To give a favorable turn to in commencing; to inaugurate; -- a
sense derived from the Roman practice of taking the auspicium, or
inspection of birds, before undertaking any important business.
They auspicate all their proceedings. Burke.

AUSPICE
Aus"pice, n.; pl. Auspices (. Etym: [L. auspicium, fr. auspex: cf. F.
auspice. See Auspicate, a.]

1. A divining or taking of omens by observing birds; an omen as to an
undertaking, drawn from birds; an augury; an omen or sign in general;
an indication as to the future.

2. Protection; patronage and care; guidance.
Which by his auspice they will nobler make. Dryden.

Note: In this sense the word is generally plural, auspices; as, under
the auspices of the king.

AUSPICIAL
Aus*pi"cial, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to auspices; auspicious. [R.]

AUSPICIOUS
Aus*pi"cious, a. Etym: [See Auspice.]

1. Having omens or tokens of a favorable issue; giving promise of
success, prosperity, or happiness; predicting good; as, an auspicious
beginning.
Auspicious union of order and freedom. Macaulay.

2. Prosperous; fortunate; as, auspicious years. "Auspicious chief."
Dryden.

3. Favoring; favorable; propitious; -- applied to persons or things.
"Thy auspicious mistress." Shak. "Auspicious gales." Pope.

Syn.
 -- See Propitious.
 -- Aus*pi"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Aus*pi"cious*ness, n.

AUSTER
Aus"ter, n. Etym: [L. auster a dry, hot, south wind; the south.]

Defn: The south wind. Pope.

AUSTERE
Aus*tere", Etym: [F. austère, L. austerus, fr. Gr. Sear.]

1. Sour and astringent; rough to the state; having acerbity; as, an
austere crab apple; austere wine.

2. Severe in modes of judging, or living, or acting; rigid; rigorous;
stern; as, an austere man, look, life.
From whom the austere Etrurian virtue rose. Dryden.

3. Unadorned; unembellished; severely simple.

Syn.
 -- Harsh; sour; rough; rigid; stern; severe; rigorous; strict.

AUSTERELY
Aus*tere"ly, adv.

Defn: Severely; rigidly; sternly.
A doctrine austerely logical. Macaulay.

AUSTERENESS
Aus*tere"ness, n.

1. Harshness or astringent sourness to the taste; acerbity. Johnson.

2. Severity; strictness; austerity. Shak.

AUSTERITY
Aus*ter"i*ty, n.; pl. Austplwies (. Etym: [F. austérité, L.
austerias, fr. austerus. See Austere.]

1. Sourness and harshness to the taste. [Obs.] Horsley.

2. Severity of manners or life; extreme rigor or strictness; harsh
discipline.
The austerity of John the Baptist. Milton.

3. Plainness; freedom from adornment; severe simplicity.
Partly owing to the studied austerity of her dress, and partly to the
lack of demonstration in her manners. Hawthorne.

AUSTIN
Aus"tin, a.

Defn: Augustinian; as, Austin friars.

AUSTRAL
Aus"tral, a. Etym: [L. australis, fr. auster: cf. F. austral.]

Defn: Southern; lying or being in the south; as, austral land;
austral ocean. Austral signs (Astron.), the last six signs of the
zodiac, or those south of the equator.

AUSTRALASIAN
Aus`tral*a"sian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Australasia; as, Australasian regions.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Australasia.

AUSTRALIAN
Aus*tra"li*an, a. Etym: [From L. Terra Australis southern land.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Australia.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Australia.

AUSTRALIAN BALLOT
Aus*tra"li*an bal"lot. (Law)

Defn: A system of balloting or voting in public elections, originally
used in South Australia, in which there is such an arrangement for
polling votes that secrecy is compulsorily maintained, and the ballot
used is an official ballot printed and distributed by the government.

AUSTRALIZE
Aus"tral*ize, v. i. Etym: [See Austral.]

Defn: To tend toward the south pole, as a magnet. [Obs.]
They [magnets] do septentrionate at one extreme, and australize at
another. Sir T. Browne.

AUSTRIAN
Aus"tri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Austria, or to its inhabitants.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Austria.

AUSTRINE
Aus"trine, n. Etym: [L. austrinus, from auster south.]

Defn: Southern; southerly; austral. [Obs.] Bailey.

AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN
Aus"tro-Hun*ga"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the monarchy composed of Austria and
Hungary.

AUSTROMANCY
Aus"tro*man`cy, n. Etym: [L. auster south wind + -mancy.]

Defn: Soothsaying, or prediction of events, from observation of the
winds.

AUSZUG
Aus"zug` (ous"tsook), n.; Ger. pl. -zÜge (-tsü`ge). [G.]

Defn: See Army organization, Switzerland.

AUTARCHY
Au"tar*chy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Self-sufficiency. [Obs.] Milton.

AUTHENTIC
Au*then"tic, a. Etym: [OE. autentik, OF. autentique, F. authentique,
L. authenticus coming from the real author, of original or firsthand
authority, from Gr. sons and perh. orig. from the p. pr. of to be,
root as, and meaning the one it really is. See Am, Sin, n., and cf.
Effendi.]

1. Having a genuine original or authority, in opposition to that
which is false, fictitious, counterfeit, or apocryphal; being what it
purports to be; genuine; not of doubtful origin; real; as, an
authentic paper or register.
To be avenged On him who had stole Jove's authentic fire. Milton.

2. Authoritative. [Obs.] Milton.

3. Of approved authority; true; trustworthy; credible; as, an
authentic writer; an authentic portrait; authentic information.

4. (Law)

Defn: Vested with all due formalities, and legally attested.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: Having as immediate relation to the tonic, in distinction from
plagal, which has a correspondent relation to the dominant in the
octave below the tonic.

Syn.
 -- Authentic, Genuine. These words, as here compared, have reference
to historical documents. We call a document genuine when it can be
traced back ultimately to the author or authors from whom it
professes to emanate. Hence, the word has the meaning, "not changed
from the original, uncorrupted, unadulterated:" as, a genuine text.
We call a document authentic when, on the ground of its being thus
traced back, it may be relied on as true and authoritative (from the
primary sense of "having an author, vouched for"); hence its extended
signification, in general literature, of trustworthy, as resting on
unquestionable authority or evidence; as, an authentic history; an
authentic report of facts.
A genuine book is that which was written by the person whose name it
bears, as the author of it. An authentic book is that which relates
matters of fact as they really happened. A book may be genuine
without being, authentic, and a book may be authentic without being
genuine. Bp. Watson.

Note: It may be said, however, that some writers use authentic (as,
an authentic document) in the sense of "produced by its professed
author, not counterfeit."

AUTHENTIC
Au*then"tic, n.

Defn: An original (book or document). [Obs.] "Authentics and
transcripts." Fuller.

AUTHENTICAL
Au*then"tic*al, a.

Defn: Authentic. [Archaic]

AUTHENTICALLY
Au*then"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an authentic manner; with the requisite or genuine
authority.

AUTHENTICALNESS
Au*then*tic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being authentic; authenticity. [R.] Barrow.

AUTHENTICATE
Au*then"ti*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Authenticated (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Authenticating ( Etym: [Cf. LL. authenticare.]

1. To render authentic; to give authority to, by the proof,
attestation, or formalities required by law, or sufficient to entitle
to credit.
The king serves only as a notary to authenticate the choice of
judges. Burke.

2. To prove authentic; to determine as real and true; as, to
authenticate a portrait. Walpole.

AUTHENTICITY
Au`then*tic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. authenticité.]

1. The quality of being authentic or of established authority for
truth and correctness.

2. Genuineness; the quality of being genuine or not corrupted from
the original.

Note: In later writers, especially those on the evidences of
Christianity, authenticity is often restricted in its use to the
first of the above meanings, and distinguished from qenuineness.

AUTHENTICLY
Au*then"tic*ly, adv.

Defn: Authentically.

AUTHENTICNESS
Au*then"tic*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being authentic; authenticity. [R.] Hammond.

AUTHENTICS
Au*then"tics, n. (Ciwil Law)

Defn: A collection of the Novels or New Constitutions of Justinian,
by an anonymous author; -- so called on account of its authencity.
Bouvier.

AUTHOR
Au"thor, n. Etym: [OE. authour, autour, OF. autor, F. auteur, fr. L.
auctor, sometimes, but erroneously, written autor or author, fr.
augere to increase, to produce. See Auction, n.]

1. The beginner, former, or first mover of anything; hence, the
efficient cause of a thing; a creator; an originator.
Eternal King; thee, Author of all being. Milton.

2. One who composes or writers a book; a composer, as distinguished
from an editor, translator, or compiler.
The chief glory every people arises from its authors. Johnson.

3. The editor of a periodical. [Obs.]

4. An informant. [Archaic] Chaucer.

AUTHOR
Au"thor, v. t.

1. To occasion; to originate. [Obs.]
Such an overthrow . . . I have authored. Chapman.

2. To tell; to say; to declare. [Obs.]
More of him I dare not author. Massinger.

AUTHORESS
Au"thor*ess, n.

Defn: A female author. Glover.

Note: The word is not very much used, author being commonly applied
to a female writer as well as to a male.

AUTHORIAL
Au*tho"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an author. "The authorial Hare.

AUTHORISM
Au"thor*ism, n.

Defn: Authoriship. [R.]

AUTHORITATIVE
Au*thor"i*ta*tive, a.

1. Having, or proceeding from, due authority; entitled to obedience,
credit, or acceptance; determinate; commanding.
The sacred functions of authoritative teaching. Barrow.

2. Having an air of authority; positive; dictatorial; peremptory; as,
an authoritative tone.
The mock authoritative manner of the one, and the insipid mirth of
the other. Swift.
-- Au*thor"i*ta*tive*ly, adv -- Au*thor"i*ta*tive*ness, n.

AUTHORITY
Au*thor"i*ty, n.; pl. Authorities (. Etym: [OE. autorite, auctorite,
F. autorité, fr. L. auctoritas, fr. auctor. See Author, n.]

1. Legal or rightful power; a right to command or to act; power
exercised buy a person in virtue of his office or trust; dominion;
jurisdiction; authorization; as, the authority of a prince over
subjects, and of parents over children; the authority of a court.
Thus can the demigod, Authority, Make us pay down for our offense.
Shak.
By what authority doest thou these things Matt. xxi. 23.

2. Government; the persons or the body exercising power or command;
as, the local authorities of the States; the military authorities.
[Chiefly in the plural.]

3. The power derived from opinion, respect, or esteem; influence of
character, office, or station, or mental or moral superiority, and
the like; claim to be believed or obeyed; as, an historian of no
authority; a magistrate of great authority.

4. That which, or one who, is claimed or appealed to in support of
opinions, actions, measures, etc. Hence:
(a) Testimony; witness. "And on that high authority had believed."
Milton.
(b) A precedent; a decision of a court, an official declaration, or
an opinion, saying, or statement worthy to be taken as a precedent.
(c) A book containing such a statement or opinion, or the author of
the book.
(d) Justification; warrant.
Wilt thou be glass wherein it shall discern Authority for sin,
warrant for blame. Shak.

AUTHORIZABLE
Au"thor*i`za*ble, a. Etym: [LL. authorisabilis.]

Defn: Capable of being authorized. Hammond.

AUTHORIZATION
Au`thor*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. autorisation.]

Defn: The act of giving authority or legal power; establishment by
authority; sanction or warrant.
The authorization of laws. Motley.
A special authorization from the chief. Merivale.

AUTHORIZE
Au"thor*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Authorized (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Authorizing.] Etym: [OE. autorize, F. autoriser, fr. LL. auctorizare,
authorisare. See Author.]

1. To clothe with authority, warrant, or legal power; to give a right
to act; to empower; as, to authorize commissioners to settle a
boundary.

2. To make legal; to give legal sanction to; to legalize; as, to
authorize a marriage.

3. To establish by authority, as by usage or public opinion; to
sanction; as, idioms authorized by usage.

4. To sanction or confirm by the authority of some one; to warrant;
as, to authorize a report.
A woman's story at a winter's fire, Authorized by her grandam. Shak.

5. To justify; to furnish a ground for. Locke.

AUTHORIZED
Au"thor*ized, a.

1. Possessed of or endowed with authority; as, an authorized agent.

2. Sanctioned by authority. The Authorized Version of the Bible is
the English translation of the Bible published in 1611 under sanction
of King James I. It was "appointed to be read in churches," and has
been the accepted English Bible. The Revised Version was published in
a complete form in 1855.

AUTHORIZE ONE'S SELF
To authorize one's self

Defn: , to rely for authority. [Obs.]
Authorizing himself, for the most part, upon other histories. Sir P.
Sidney.

AUTHORIZER
Au"thor*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who authorizes.

AUTHORLESS
Au"thor*less, a.

Defn: Without an author; without authority; anonymous.

AUTHORLY
Au"thor*ly, a.

Defn: Authorial. [R.] Cowper.

AUTHORSHIP
Au"thor*ship, n.

1. The quality or state of being an author; function or dignity of an
author.

2. Source; origin; origination; as, the authorship of a book or
review, or of an act, or state of affairs.

AUTHOTYPE
Au"tho*type, n.

Defn: A type or block containing a facsimile of an autograph. Knight.

AUTO-
Au"to- (. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form, with the meaning of self, one's self, one's
own, itself, its own.

AUTOBIOGRAPHER
Au`to*bi*og"ra*pher, n. Etym: [Auto- + biographer.]

Defn: One who writers his own life or biography.

AUTOBIOGRAPHIC; AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL
Au`to*bi`o*graph"ic, Au`to*bi`o*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, autobiography; as, an
autobiographical sketch. "Such traits of the autobiographic sort."
Carlyle.
 -- Au`to*bi`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

AUTOBIOGRAPHIST
Au`to*bi*og"ra*phist, n.

Defn: One who writes his own life; an autobiographer. [R.]

AUTOBIOGRAPHY
Au`to*bi*og"ra*phy, n.; pl. Autobiographies (. Etym: [Auto- +
biography.]

Defn: A biography written by the subject of it; memoirs of one's life
written by one's self.

AUTOCARPOUS; AUTOCARPIAN
Au`to*car"pous, Au`to*car"pi*an, a. Etym: [Auto- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Consisting of the pericarp of the ripened pericarp with no
other parts adnate to it, as a peach, a poppy capsule, or a grape.

AUTOCATALYSIS
Au`to*ca*tal"y*sis, n.  [Auto-+ catalysis.] (Chem.)

Defn: Self-catalysis; catalysis of a substance by one of its own
products, as of silver oxide by the silver formed by reduction of a
small portion of it. -- Au`to*cat`a*lyt"ic (#), a.

AUTOCEPHALOUS
Au`to*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: Having its own head; independent of episcopal or patriarchal
jurisdiction, as certain Greek churches.

AUTOCHRONOGRAPH
Au`to*chron"o*graph, n. Etym: [Auto- + chronograph.]

Defn: An instrument for the instantaneous self-recording or printing
of time. Knight.

AUTOCHTHON
Au*toch"thon, n.; pl. E. Authochthons (, L. Autochthones (. Etym:
[L., fr. Gr.

1. One who is supposed to rise or spring from the ground or the soil
he inhabits; one of the original inhabitants or aborigines; a native;
-- commonly in the plural. This title was assumed by the ancient
Greeks, particularly the Athenians.

2. That which is original to a particular country, or which had there
its origin.

AUTOCHTHONAL; AUTHOCHTHONIC; AUTOCHTHONOUS
Au*toch"tho*nal, Au`thoch*thon"ic, Au*toch"tho*nous, a.

Defn: Aboriginal; indigenous; native.

AUTOCHTHONISM
Au*toch"tho*nism, n.

Defn: The state of being autochthonal.

AUTOCHTHONY
Au*toch"tho*ny, n.

Defn: An aboriginal or autochthonous condition.

AUTOCLASTIC
Au`to*clas"tic, a. [See Auto-; Clastic.] (Geol.)

Defn: Broken in place; -- said of rocks having a broken or brecciated
structure due to crushing, in contrast to those of brecciated
materials brought from a distance.

AUTOCLAVE
Au"to*clave, n. Etym: [F., fr. Gr. clavis key.]

Defn: A kind of French stewpan with a steamtight lid. Knight.

AUTOCOHERER
Au`to*co*her"er, n.  [Auto- + coherer.] (Wireless Teleg.)

Defn: A self-restoring coherer, as a microphonic detector.

AUTOCRACY
Au*toc"ra*cy, n.; pl. Autocracies. Etym: [Gr. autocratie. See
Autocrat.]

1. Independent or self-derived power; absolute or controlling
authority; supremacy.
The divine will moves, not by the external impulse or inclination of
objects, but determines itself by an absolute autocracy. South.

2. Supreme, uncontrolled, unlimited authority, or right of governing
in a single person, as of an autocrat.

3. Political independence or absolute sovereignty (of a state);
autonomy. Barlow.

4. (Med.)

Defn: The action of the vital principle, or of the instinctive
powers, toward the preservation of the individual; also, the vital
principle. [In this sense, written also autocrasy.] Dunglison.

AUTOCRAT
Au"to*crat, n. Etym: [Gr. autocrate. See Hard, a.]

1. An absolute sovereign; a monarch who holds and exercises the
powers of government by claim of absolute right, not subject to
restriction; as, Autocrat of all the Russias (a title of the Czar).

2. One who rules with undisputed sway in any company or relation; a
despot.
The autocrat of the breakfast table. Holmes.

AUTOCRATIC; AUTOCRATICAL
Au`to*crat"ic, Au`to*crat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to autocracy or to an autocrat; absolute;
holding independent and arbitrary powers of government.
 -- Au`to*crat"ic*al*ly, adv.

AUTOCRATOR
Au*toc"ra*tor, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An autocrat. [Archaic]

AUTOCRATORICAL
Au`to*cra*tor"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an autocrator; absolute. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

AUTOCRATRIX
Au*toc"ra*trix, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A female sovereign who is independent and absolute; -- a title
given to the empresses of Russia.

AUTOCRATSHIP
Au"to*crat*ship, n.

Defn: The office or dignity of an autocrat.

AUTO-DA-FE
Au"to-da-fé", n.; pl. Autos-da-fé (. Etym: [Pg., act of the faith;
auto act, fr. L. actus + da of the + fé faith, fr. L. fides.]

1. A judgment of the Inquisition in Spain and Portugal condemning or
acquitting persons accused of religious offenses.

2. An execution of such sentence, by the civil power, esp. the
burning of a heretic. It was usually held on Sunday, and was made a
great public solemnity by impressive forms and ceremonies.

3. A session of the court of Inquisition.

AUTO-DE-FE
Au"to-de-fe", n.; pl. Autos-de-fe. Etym: [Sp., act of faith.]

Defn: Same as Auto-da-fé.

AUTODIDACT
Au"to*di*dact`, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who is self-taught; an automath.

AUTODYNAMIC
Au`to*dy*nam"ic, a. Etym: [Auto- + dynamic.]

Defn: Supplying its own power; -- applied to an instrument of the
nature of a water-ram.

AUTOECIOUS
Au*to"cious, a.  [Auto-+ Gr.  house.] (Biol.)

Defn: Passing through all its stages on one host, as certain
parasitic fungi; -- contrasted with heterocious.

AUTOECISM
Au*to"cism, n.

Defn: Quality of being autocious.

AUTOFECUNDATION
Au`to*fec`un*da"tion, n. Etym: [Auto- + fecundation.] (Biol.)

Defn: Self-impregnation. Darwin.

AUTOGAMOUS
Au*tog"a*mous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Characterized by autogamy; self-fertilized.

AUTOGAMY
Au*tog"a*my, n. Etym: [Auto- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Self-fertilization, the fertilizing pollen being derived from
the same blossom as the pistil acted upon.

AUTOGENEAL
Au`to*ge"ne*al, a.

Defn: Self-produced; autogenous.

AUTOGENESIS
Au`to*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Auto- + genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: Spontaneous generation.

AUTOGENETIC
Au`to*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to autogenesis; self-generated.

AUTOGENETIC DRAINAGE
Autogenetic drainage. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A system of natural drainage developed by the constituent
streams through headwater erosion.

AUTOGENETIC TOPOGRAPHY
Autogenetic topography. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A system of land forms produced by the free action of rain and
streams on rocks of uniform texture.

AUTOGENOUS
Au*tog"e*nous, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Self-generated; produced independently.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Developed from an independent center of ossification. Owen.
Autogenous soldering, the junction by fusion of the joining edges of
metals without the intervention of solder.

AUTOGENOUSLY
Au*tog"e*nous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an autogenous manner; spontaneously.

AUTOGRAPH
Au"to*graph, n. Etym: [F. autographe, fr. Gr.

Defn: That which is written with one's own hand; an original
manuscript; a person's own signature or handwriting.

AUTOGRAPH
Au"to*graph, a.

Defn: In one's own handwriting; as, an autograph letter; an autograph
will.

AUTOGRAPHAL
Au*tog"ra*phal, a.

Defn: Autographic. [Obs.]

AUTOGRAPHIC; AUTOGRAPHICAL
Au`to*graph"ic, Au`to*graph"ic*al, a.

1. Pertaining to an autograph, or one's own handwriting; of the
nature of an autograph.

2. Pertaining to, or used in, the process of autography; as,
autographic ink, paper, or press.

AUTOGRAPHY
Au*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. autographie.]

1. The science of autographs; a person's own handwriting; an
autograph.

2. A process in lithography by which a writing or drawing is
transferred from paper to stone. Ure.

AUTOHARP
Au"to*harp, n.  [Auto- + harp.]

Defn: A zitherlike musical instrument, provided with dampers which,
when depressed, deaden some strings, leaving free others that form a
chord.

AUTOHYPNOTIC
Au`to*hyp*not"ic, a.

Defn: Pert. to autohypnotism; self-hypnotizing. -- n.

Defn: An autohypnotic person.

AUTOHYPNOTISM
Au`to*hyp"no*tism, n.  [Auto-+ hypnotism.]

Defn: Hypnotism of one's self by concentration of the attention on
some object or idea.

AUTO-INFECTION
Au`to-in*fec"tion, n.  [Auto- + infection.] (Med.)

Defn: Poisoning caused by a virus that originates and develops in the
organism itself.

AUTO-INOCULATION
Au`to-in*oc`u*la"tion, n.  [Auto-+ inoculation.] (Med.)

Defn: Inoculation of a person with virus from his own body.

AUTO-INTOXICATION
Au`to-in*tox`i*ca"tion, n.  [Auto-+ intoxication.] (Med.)

Defn: Poisoning, or the state of being poisoned, from toxic
substances produced within the body; autotoxæmia.

AUTOKINESIS
Au`to*ki*ne"sis, n. [NL.; auto-+ Gr.  motion.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Spontaneous or voluntary movement; movement due to an internal
cause.

AUTOKINETIC
Au`to*ki*net"ic, a.  [Auto- + kinetic.]

Defn: Self-moving; moving automatically.

AUTOKINETIC SYSTEM
Autokinetic system.

Defn: In fire-alarm telegraphy, a system so arranged that when one
alarm is being transmitted, no other alarm, sent in from another
point, will be transmitted until after the first alarm has been
disposed of.

AUTOLATRY
Au*tol"a*try, n. Etym: [Auto- + Gr.

Defn: Self-worship. Farrar.

AUTOMATH
Au"to*math, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who is self-taught. [R.] Young.

AUTOMATIC; AUTOMATICAL
Au`to*mat"ic, Au`to*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. automatique. See
Automaton.]

1. Having an inherent power of action or motion.
Nothing can be said to be automatic. Sir H. Davy.

2. Pertaining to, or produced by, an automaton; of the nature of an
automaton; self-acting or self-regulating under fixed conditions; --
esp. applied to machinery or devices in which certain things formerly
or usually done by hand are done by the machine or device itself; as,
the automatic feed of a lathe; automatic gas lighting; an automatic
engine or switch; an automatic mouse.

3. Not voluntary; not depending on the will; mechanical; as,
automatic movements or functions.
Unconscious or automatic reasoning. H. Spenser.
Automatic arts, such economic arts or manufacture as are carried on
by self-acting machinery. Ure.

AUTOMATICALLY
Au`to*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an automatic manner.

AUTOMATISM
Au*tom"a*tism, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being automatic; the power of self-
moving; automatic, mechanical, or involuntary action. (Metaph.) A
theory as to the activity of matter.

AUTOMATON
Au*tom"a*ton, n.; pl. L. Automata (, E. Automatons (. Etym: [L. fr.
Gr. ma, man, to strive, think, cf. Mean, v. i.]

1. Any thing or being regarded as having the power of spontaneous
motion or action. Huxley.
So great and admirable an automaton as the world. Boyle.
These living automata, human bodies. Boyle.

2. A self-moving machine, or one which has its motive power within
itself; -- applied chiefly to machines which appear to imitate
spontaneously the motions of living beings, such as men, birds, etc.

AUTOMATOUS
Au*tom"a*tous, a. Etym: [L. automatus, Gr. Automaton.]

Defn: Automatic. [Obs.] "Automatous organs." Sir T. Browne.

AUTOMIXTE SYSTEM
Au`to*mixte" system. (Mach.)

Defn: A system (devised by Henri Pieper, a Belgian) of driving
automobiles employing a gasoline engine and an auxiliary reversible
dynamo. When there is an excess of power the dynamo is driven by the
engine so as to charge a small storage battery; when there is a
deficiency of power the dynamo reverses and acts as an auxiliary
motor. Sometimes called Pieper system. -- Automixte car, etc.

AUTOMOBILE
Au`to*mo"bile, n. [F.]

Defn: An automobile vehicle or mechanism; esp., a self-propelled
vehicle suitable for use on a street or roadway. Automobiles are
usually propelled by internal combustion engines (using volatile
inflammable liquids, as gasoline or petrol, alcohol, naphtha, etc.),
steam engines, or electric motors. The power of the driving motor
varies from about 4 to 50 H. P. for ordinary vehicles, ranging from
the run-about to the touring car, up to as high as 200 H. P. for
specially built racing cars. Automobiles are also commonly, and
generally in British usage, called motor cars.

AUTOMOBILISM
Au`to*mo"bil*ism, n.

Defn: The use of automobiles, or the practices, methods, or the like,
of those who use them. -- Au`to*mo"bil*ist, n.

AUTOMORPHIC
Au`to*mor"phic, a. Etym: [Auto- + Gr.

Defn: Patterned after one's self.
The conception which any one frames of another's mind is more or less
after the pattern of his own mind, -- is automorphic. H. Spenser.

AUTOMORPHISM
Au`to*mor"phism, n.

Defn: Automorphic characterization. H. Spenser.

AUTONOMASY
Au`to*nom"a*sy, n. Etym: [Auto- + Gr. antonomasia.] (Rhet.)

Defn: The use of a word of common or general signification for the
name of a particular thing; as, "He has gone to town," for, "He has
gone to London."

AUTONOMIC
Au`to*nom"ic, a.

Defn: Having the power of self-government; autonomous. Hickok.

AUTONOMIST
Au"to"no*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. automiste. See Autonomy.]

Defn: One who advocates autonomy.

AUTONOMOUS
Au*ton"o*mous, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Independent in government; having the right or power of self-
government.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Having independent existence or laws.

AUTONOMY
Au*ton"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. autonomie. See Autonomous.]

1. The power or right of self-government; self-government, or
political independence, of a city or a state.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: The sovereignty of reason in the sphere of morals; or man's
power, as possessed of reason, to give law to himself. In this,
according to Kant, consist the true nature and only possible proof of
liberty. Fleming.

AUTOPATHIC
Au`to*path"ic, a. [See Auto-, and Pathic, a.] (Med.)

Defn: Dependent upon, or due or relating to, the structure and
characteristics of the diseased organism; endopathic; as, an
autopathic disease; an autopathic theory of diseases.

AUTOPHAGI
Au*toph"a*gi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Birds which are able to run about and obtain their own food as
soon as hatched.

AUTOPHAGY
Au*toph"a*gy, n. [Gr.  self +  to eat.] (Med.)

Defn: The feeding of the body upon itself, as in fasting; nutrition
by consumption of one's own tissues.

AUTOPHOBY
Au*toph"o*by, n. Etym: [Auto- + Gr.

Defn: Fear of one's self; fear of being egotistical. [R.] Hare.

AUTOPHONY
Au*toph"o*ny, n. Etym: [Auto- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An auscultatory process, which consists in noting the tone of
the observer's own voice, while he speaks, holding his head close to
the patient's chest. Dunglison.

AUTOPLASTIC
Au`to*plas"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to autoplasty.

AUTOPLASTY
Au"to*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Auto- + -plasty.] (Surg.)

Defn: The process of artificially repairing lesions by taking a piece
of healthy tissue, as from a neighboring part, to supply the
deficiency caused by disease or wounds.

AUTOPNEUMATIC
Au`to*pneu*mat"ic, a.  [Auto-+ pneumatic.]

Defn: Acting or moving automatically by means of compressed air.

AUTOPSIC; AUTOPSICAL
Au*top"sic, Au*top"sic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to autopsy; autoptical. [Obs.]

AUTOPSORIN
Au*top"so*rin, n. Etym: [Auto- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: That which is given under the doctrine of administering a
patient's own virus.

AUTOPSY
Au"top*sy, n. Etym: [Gr. autopsie. See Optic, a.]

1. Personal observation or examination; seeing with one's own eyes;
ocular view.
By autopsy and experiment. Cudworth.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Dissection of a dead body, for the purpose of ascertaining the
cause, seat, or nature of a disease; a post-mortem examination.

AUTOPTIC; AUTOPTICAL
Au*top"tic, Au*top"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. autoptique.]

Defn: Seen with one's own eyes; belonging to, or connected with,
personal observation; as, autoptic testimony or experience.

AUTOPTICALLY
Au*top"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By means of ocular view, or one's own observation. Sir T.
Browne.

AUTOSCHEDIASTIC; AUTOSCHEDIASTICAL
Au`to*sche`di*as"tic, Au`to*sche`di*as"tic*al, a. Etym: [Auto- + Gr.
Schediasm.]

Defn: Extemporary; offhand. [R.] Dean Martin.

AUTOSTABILITY
Au`to*sta*bil"i*ty, n.  [Auto-+ stability.] (Mechanics)

Defn: Automatic stability; also, inherent stability. An aëroplane is
inherently stable if it keeps in steady poise by virtue of its shape
and proportions alone; it is automatically stable if it keeps in
steady poise by means of self-operative mechanism.

AUTOSTYLIC
Au`to*styl"ic, a. Etym: [Auto- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the mandibular arch articulated directly to the cranium,
as in the skulls of the Amphibia.

AUTOSUGGESTION
Au`to*sug*ges"tion, n.  [Auto-+ suggestion.] (Med.)

Defn: Self-suggestion as distinguished from suggestion coming from
another, esp. in hypnotism. Autosuggestion is characteristic of
certain mental conditions in which expectant belief tends to produce
disturbance of function of one or more organs.

AUTOTHEISM
Au"to*the`ism, n. Etym: [Auto- + theism.]

1. The doctrine of God's self-existence. [R.]

2. Deification of one's self; self-worship. [R.]

AUTOTHEIST
Au"to*the`ist, n.

Defn: One given to self-worship. [R.]

AUTOTOXAEMIA; AUTOTOXEMIA
Au`to*tox*æ"mi*a, Au`to*tox*e"mi*a, n. [NL. See Auto-, and Toxæmia.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: Self-intoxication. See Auto-intoxication.

AUTOTOXIC
Au`to*tox"ic, a.  [Auto- + toxic.] (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or causing, autotoxæmia.

AUTOTOXICATION
Au`to*tox`i*ca"tion, n.  [Auto-+ toxication.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Auto-intoxication.

AUTOTRANSFORMER
Au`to*trans*form"er, n.  [Auto-+ transformer.] (Elec.)

Defn: A transformer in which part of the primary winding is used as a
secondary winding, or vice versa; -- called also a compensator or
balancing coil.

AUTOTROPHIC
Au`to*troph"ic, a.  [Auto- + trophic.] (Plant Physiol.)

Defn: Capable of self-nourishment; -- said of all plants in which
photosynthetic activity takes place, as opposed to parasitism or
saprophytism.

AUTOTROPISM
Au*tot"ro*pism, n.  [Auto- + Gr.  to turn.] (Plant Physiol.)

Defn: The tendency of plant organs to grow in a straight line when
uninfluenced by external stimuli.

AUTOTYPE
Au"to*type, n. Etym: [Auto- + -type: cf. F. autotype.]

1. A facsimile.

2. A photographic picture produced in sensitized pigmented gelatin by
exposure to light under a negative; and subsequent washing out of the
soluble parts; a kind of picture in ink from a gelatin plate.

AUTOTYPOGRAPHY
Au`to*ty*pog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Auto- + typography.]

Defn: A process resembling "nature printing," by which drawings
executed on gelatin are impressed into a soft metal plate, from which
the printing is done as from copperplate.

AUTOTYPY
Au*tot"y*py, n.

Defn: The art or process of making autotypes.

AUTUMN
Au"tumn, n. Etym: [L. auctumnus, autumnus, perh. fr. a root av to
satisfy one's self: cf. F. automne. See Avarice.]

1. The third season of the year, or the season between summer and
winter, often called "the fall." Astronomically, it begins in the
northern temperate zone at the autumnal equinox, about September 23,
and ends at the winter solstice, about December 23; but in popular
language, autumn, in America, comprises September, October, and
November.

Note: In England, according to Johnson, autumn popularly comprises
August, September, and October. In the southern hemisphere, the
autumn corresponds to our spring.

2. The harvest or fruits of autumn. Milton.

3. The time of maturity or decline; latter portion; third stage.
Dr. Preston was now entering into the autumn of the duke's favor.
Fuller.
Life's autumn past, I stand on winter's verge. Wordsworth.

AUTUMNAL
Au*tum"nal, a. Etym: [L. auctumnalis, autumnalis: cf. F. automnal.]

1. Of, belonging to, or peculiar to, autumn; as, an autumnal tint;
produced or gathered in autumn; as, autumnal fruits; flowering in
autumn; as, an autumnal plant.
Thick as autumnal leaves that strow the brooks In Vallombrosa.
Milton.

2. Past the middle of life; in the third stage.
An autumnal matron. Hawthorne.
Autumnal equinox, the time when the sun crosses the equator, as it
proceeds southward, or when it passes the ~ point.
 -- ~= point, the point of the equator intersected by the ecliptic,
as the sun proceeds southward; the first point of Libra.
 -- ~= signs, the signs Libra, Scorpio, and Sagittarius, through
which the sun passes between the ~ equinox and winter solstice.

AUTUNITE
Au"tun*ite, n. [From Autun, France, its locality.] (Min.)

Defn: A lemon-yellow phosphate of uranium and calcium occurring in
tabular crystals with basal cleavage, and in micalike scales. H., 2-
2.5. Sp. gr., 3.05-3.19.

AUXANOMETER
Aux`a*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument to measure the growth of plants. Goodale.

AUXESIS
Aux*e"sis, n. Etym: [NL., Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which a grave and magnificent word is put for the
proper word; amplification; hyperbole.

AUXETIC
Aux*et"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, auxesis; amplifying.

AUXETOPHONE
Aux*e"to*phone, n. [Gr.  that may be increased +  sound, voice.]

Defn: A pneumatic reproducer for a phonograph, controlled by the
recording stylus on the principle of the relay. It produces much
clearer and louder tones than does the ordinary vibrating disk
reproducer.

AUXILIAR
Aux*il"iar, a. Etym: [L. auxiliaris: cf. F. auxiliaire. See
Auxiliary.]

Defn: Auxiliary. [Archaic]
The auxiliar troops and Trojan hosts appear. Pope.

AUXILIAR
Aux*il"iar, n.

Defn: An auxiliary. [Archaic] Milton.

AUXILIARLY
Aux*il"iar*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of help. Harris.

AUXILIARY
Aux*il"ia*ry, a. Etym: [L. auxiliarius, fr. auxilium help, aid, fr.
augere to increase.]

Defn: Conferring aid or help; helping; aiding; assisting; subsidiary;
as auxiliary troops. Auxiliary scales (Mus.), the scales of relative
or attendant keys. See under Attendant, a.
 -- Auxiliary verbs (Gram.). See Auxiliary, n., 3.

AUXILIARY
Aux*il"ia*ry, n.; pl. Auxiliaries (.

1. A helper; an assistant; a confederate in some action or
enterprise.

2. (Mil.) pl.

Defn: Foreign troops in the service of a nation at war; (rarely in
sing.), a member of the allied or subsidiary force.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: A verb which helps to form the voices, modes, and tenses of
other verbs; -- called, also, an auxiliary verb; as, have, be, may,
can, do, must, shall, and will, in English; être and avoir, in
French; avere and essere, in Italian; estar and haber, in Spanish.

4. (Math.)

Defn: A quantity introduced for the purpose of simplifying or
facilitating some operation, as in equations or trigonometrical
formulæ. Math. Dict.

AUXILIATORY
Aux*il"ia*to*ry, a.

Defn: Auxiliary; helping. [Obs.]

AUXOMETER
Aux*om"e*ter, n. [Gr.  to increase + -meter.] (Optics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the magnifying power of a lens or
system of lenses.

AVA
A"va, n.

Defn: Same as Kava. Johnston.

AVADAVAT
Av`a*da*vat", n.

Defn: Same as Amadavat.

AVAIL
A*vail", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Availed (p. pr. & vb. n. Availing.]
Etym: [OE. availen, fr. F. ad) + valoir to be worth, fr. L. valere to
be strong, to be worth. See Valiant.]

1. To turn to the advantage of; to be of service to; to profit; to
benefit; to help; as, artifices will not avail the sinner in the day
of judgment.
O, what avails me now that honor high ! Milton.

2. To promote; to assist. [Obs.] Pope. To avail one's self of, to
make use of; take advantage of.
Then shall they seek to avail themselves of names. Milton.
I have availed myself of the very first opportunity. Dickens.

AVAIL
A*vail", v. i.

Defn: To be of use or advantage; to answer the purpose; to have
strength, force, or efficacy sufficient to accomplish the object; as,
the plea in bar must avail, that is, be sufficient to defeat the
suit; this scheme will not avail; medicines will not avail to check
the disease. "What signs avail " Milton.
Words avail very little with me, young man. Sir W. Scott.

AVAIL
A*vail", n.

1. Profit; advantage toward success; benefit; value; as, labor,
without economy, is of little avail.
The avail of a deathbed repentance. Jer. Taylor.

2. pl.

Defn: Proceeds; as, the avails of a sale by auction.
The avails of their own industry. Stoddard.

Syn.
 -- Use; benefit; utility; profit; service.

AVAIL
A*vail", v. t. & i.

Defn: See Avale, v. [Obs.] Spenser.

AVAILABILITY
A*vail`a*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Availabilities (.

1. The quality of being available; availableness.

Note: The word is sometimes used derogatively in the sense of "mere
availableness," or capability of success without regard to
worthiness.
He was . . . nominated for his availability. Lowell.

2. That which is available.

AVAILABLE
A*vail"a*ble, a.

1. Having sufficient power, force, or efficacy, for the object;
effectual; valid; as, an available plea. [Obs.]
Laws human are available by consent. Hooker.

2. Such as one may avail one's self of; capable of being used for the
accomplishment of a purpose; usable; profitable; advantageous;
convertible into a resource; as, an available measure; an available
candidate.
Struggling to redeem, as he did, the available months and days out of
so many that were unavailable. Carlyle.
Having no available funds with which to pay the calls on new shares.
H. Spenser.

AVAILABLENESS
A*vail"a*ble*ness, n.

1. Competent power; validity; efficacy; as, the availableness of a
title. [Obs.]

2. Quality of being available; capability of being used for the
purpose intended. Sir M. Hale.

AVAILABLY
A*vail"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an available manner; profitably; advantageously;
efficaciously.

AVAILMENT
A*vail"ment, n.

Defn: Profit; advantage. [Obs.]

AVALANCHE
Av"a*lanche`, n. Etym: [F. avalanche, fr. avaler to descend, to let
down, from aval down, downward; ad) + val, L. vallis, valley. See
Valley.]

1. A large mass or body of snow and ice sliding swiftly down a
mountain side, or falling down a precipice.

2. A fall of earth, rocks, etc., similar to that of an avalanche of
snow or ice.

3. A sudden, great, or irresistible descent or influx of anything.

AVALE
A*vale", v. t. & i. Etym: [F. avaler to descend, to let down. See
Avalanche.]

1. To cause to descend; to lower; to let fall; to doff. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

2. To bring low; to abase. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

3. (v. i.)

Defn: To descend; to fall; to dismount. [Obs.]
And from their sweaty courses did avale. Spenser.

AVANT
A*vant", n. Etym: [For avant-guard. Cf. Avaunt, Van.]

Defn: The front of an army. [Obs.] See Van.

AVANT-COURIER
A*vant"-cou`ri*er, n. Etym: [F., fr. avant before + courrier. See
Avaunt, and Courier.]

Defn: A person dispatched before another person or company, to give
notice of his or their approach.

AVANT-GUARD
A*vant"-guard` (; sq. root277), n. Etym: [F. avant before + E. guard,
F. avant-garde. See Avaunt.]

Defn: The van or advanced body of an army. See Vanguard.

AVARICE
Av"a*rice, n. Etym: [F. avaritia, fr. avarus avaricious, prob. fr. av
to covert, fr. a root av to satiate one's self: cf. Gr. av to satiate
one's self, rejoice, protect.]

1. An excessive or inordinate desire of gain; greediness after
wealth; covetousness; cupidity.
To desire money for its own sake, and in order to hoard it up, is
avarice. Beattie.

2. An inordinate desire for some supposed good.
All are taught an avarice of praise. Goldsmith.

AVARICIOUS
Av`a*ri"cious, a. Etym: [Cf. F. avaricieux.]

Defn: Actuated by avarice; greedy of gain; immoderately desirous of
accumulating property.

Syn.
 -- Greedy; stingy; rapacious; griping; sordid; close.
 -- Avaricious, Covetous, Parsimonious, Penurious, Miserly,
Niggardly. The avaricious eagerly grasp after it at the expense of
others, though not of necessity with a design to save, since a man
may be covetous and yet a spendthrift. The penurious, parsimonious,
and miserly save money by disgraceful self-denial, and the niggardly
by meanness in their dealing with others. We speak of persons as
covetous in getting, avaricious in retaining, parsimonious in
expending, penurious or miserly in modes of living, niggardly in
dispensing.
 -- Av`a*ri"cious*ly, adv -- Av`a*ri"cious*ness, n.

AVAROUS
Av"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. avarus.]

Defn: Avaricious. [Obs.]

AVAST
A*vast", interj. Etym: [Corrupted from D. houd vast hold fast. See
Hold, v. t., and Fast, a.] (Naut.)

Defn: Cease; stop; stay. "Avast heaving." Totten.

AVATAR
Av`a*tar", n. Etym: [Skr. avatâra descent; ava from + root t to
cross, pass over.]

1. (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: The descent of a deity to earth, and his incarnation as a man
or an animal; -- chiefly associated with the incarnations of Vishnu.

2. Incarnation; manifestation as an object of worship or admiration.

AVAUNCE
A*vaunce", v. t. & i. Etym: [See Advance.]

Defn: To advance; to profit. Chaucer.

AVAUNT
A*vaunt", interj. Etym: [F. avant forward, fr. L. ab + ante before.
Cf. Avant, Advance.]

Defn: Begone; depart; -- a word of contempt or abhorrence, equivalent
to the phrase "Get thee gone."

AVAUNT
A*vaunt", v. t. & i.

1. To advance; to move forward; to elevate. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To depart; to move away. [Obs.] Coverdale.

AVAUNT
A*vaunt", v. t. & i. Etym: [OF. avanter; (L. ad) + vanter. See
Vaunt.]

Defn: To vaunt; to boast. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AVAUNT
A*vaunt", n.

Defn: A vaunt; to boast. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AVAUNTOUR
A*vaunt"our, n. Etym: [OF. avanteur.]

Defn: A boaster. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AVE
A"ve, n. Etym: [L., hail.]

1. An ave Maria.
He repeated Aves and Credos. Macaulay.

2. A reverential salutation.
Their loud applause and aves vehement. Shak.

AVEL
A*vel, v. t. Etym: [L. avellere.]

Defn: To pull away. [Obs.]
Yet are not these parts avelled. Sir T. Browne.

AVELLANE
A*vel"lane, a. Etym: [Cf. It. avellana a filbert, fr. L. Avella or
Abella a city of Campania.] (Her.)

Defn: In the form of four unhusked filberts; as, an avellane cross.

AVE MARIA; AVE MARY
A"ve Ma*ri"a, A"ve Ma"ry.Etym: [From the first words of the Roman
Catholic prayer to the Virgin Mary; L. ave hail, Maria Mary.]

1. A salutation and prayer to the Virgin Mary, as mother of God; --
used in the Roman Catholic church.
To number Ave Maries on his beads. Shak.

2. A particular time (as in Italy, at the ringing of the bells about
half an hour after sunset, and also at early dawn), when the people
repeat the Ave Maria.
Ave Maria ! blessed be the hour ! Byron.

AVENA
A*ve"na, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of grasses, including the common oat (Avena sativa);
the oat grasses.

AVENACEOUS
Av`e*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. avenaceus, fr. avena oats.]

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, oats or the oat grasses.

AVENAGE
Av"e*nage, n. Etym: [F. avenage, fr. L. avena oats.] (Old Law)

Defn: A quantity of oats paid by a tenant to a landlord in lieu of
rent. Jacob.

AVENALIN
A*ven"a*lin, n. [L. avena eats.] (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline globulin, contained in oat kernels, very similar
in composition to excelsin, but different in reactions and
crystalline form.

AVENER
Av"e*ner, n. Etym: [OF. avenier, fr. aveine, avaine, avoine, oats, F.
avoine, L. avena.] (Feud. Law)

Defn: An officer of the king's stables whose duty it was to provide
oats for the horses. [Obs.]

AVENGE
A*venge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Avenged (p. pr. & vb. n. Avenging (
Etym: [OF. avengier; L. ad + vindicare to lay claim to, to avenge,
revenge. See Vengeance.]

1. To take vengeance for; to exact satisfaction for by punishing the
injuring party; to vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on a
wrongdoer.
He will avenge the blood of his servants. Deut. xxxii. 43.
Avenge, O Lord, thy slaughtered saints, whose bones Lie scattered on
the Alpine mountains cold. Milton.
He had avenged himself on them by havoc such as England had never
before seen. Macaulay.

2. To treat revengefully; to wreak vengeance on. [Obs.]
Thy judgment in avenging thine enemies. Bp. Hall.

Syn.
 -- To Avenge, Revenge. To avenge is to inflict punishment upon evil
doers in behalf of ourselves, or others for whom we act; as, to
avenge one's wrongs; to avenge the injuries of the suffering and
innocent. It is to inflict pain for the sake of vindication, or
retributive justice. To revenge is to inflict pain or injury for the
indulgence of resentful and malicious feelings. The former may at
times be a duty; the latter is one of the worst exhibitions of human
character.
I avenge myself upon another, or I avenge another, or I avenge a
wrong. I revenge only myself, and that upon another. C. J. Smith.

AVENGE
A*venge", v. i.

Defn: To take vengeance. Levit. xix. 18.

AVENGE
A*venge", n.

Defn: Vengeance; revenge. [Obs.] Spenser.

AVENGEANCE
A*venge"ance, n.

Defn: Vengeance. [Obs.]

AVENGEFUL
A*venge"ful, a.

Defn: Vengeful. [Obs.] Spenser.

AVENGEMENT
A*venge"ment, n.

Defn: The inflicting of retributive punishment; satisfaction taken.
[R.] Milton.

AVENGER
A*ven"ger, n.

1. One who avenges or vindicates; as, an avenger of blood.

2. One who takes vengeance. [Obs.] Milton.

AVENGERESS
A*ven"ger*ess, n.

Defn: A female avenger. [Obs.] Spenser.

AVENIOUS
A*ve"ni*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. a- + L. vena a vein.] (Bot.)

Defn: Being without veins or nerves, as the leaves of certain plants.

AVENOR
Av"e*nor, n.

Defn: See Avener. [Obs.]

AVENS
Av"ens, n. Etym: [OF. avence.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Geum, esp. Geum urbanum, or herb bennet.

AVENTAIL
Av"en*tail, n. Etym: [OF. esventail. Cf. Ventail.]

Defn: The movable front to a helmet; the ventail.

AVENTINE
Av"en*tine, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Mons Aventinus, one of the seven hills on which
Rome stood. Bryant.

AVENTINE
Av"en*tine, n.

Defn: A post of security or defense. [Poetic]
Into the castle's tower, The only Aventine that now is left him.
Beau. & Fl.

AVENTRE
A*ven"tre, v. t.

Defn: To thrust forward (at a venture), as a spear. [Obs.] Spenser.

AVENTURE
A*ven"ture, n. Etym: [See Adventure, n.]

1. Accident; chance; adventure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. (Old Law)

Defn: A mischance causing a person's death without felony, as by
drowning, or falling into the fire.

AVENTURINE
A*ven"tu*rine, n. Etym: [F. aventurine: cf. It. avventurino.]

1. A kind of glass, containing gold-colored spangles. It was produced
in the first place by the accidental (par aventure) dropping of some
brass filings into a pot of melted glass.

2. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of translucent quartz, spangled throughout with
scales of yellow mica. ~= feldspar, a variety of oligoclase with
internal firelike reflections due to the presence of minute crystals,
probably of hematite; sunstone.

AVENUE
Av"e*nue, n. Etym: [F. avenue, fr. avenir to come to, L. advenire.
See Advene.]

1. A way or opening for entrance into a place; a passage by which a
place may by reached; a way of approach or of exit. "The avenues
leading to the city by land." Macaulay.
On every side were expanding new avenues of inquiry. Milman.

2. The principal walk or approach to a house which is withdrawn from
the road, especially, such approach bordered on each side by trees;
any broad passageway thus bordered.
An avenue of tall elms and branching chestnuts. W. Black.

3. A broad street; as, the Fifth Avenue in New York.

AVER
A"ver, n. Etym: [OF. aver domestic animal, whence LL. averia, pl.
cattle. See Habit, and cf. Average.]

Defn: A work horse, or working ox. [Obs. or Dial. Eng.]

AVER
A*ver", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Averred (p. pr. & vb. n. Averring.] Etym:
[F. avérer, LL. adverare, averare; L. ad + versus true. See Verity.]

1. To assert, or prove, the truth of. [Obs.]

2. (Law)

Defn: To avouch or verify; to offer to verify; to prove or justify.
See Averment.

3. To affirm with confidence; to declare in a positive manner, as in
confidence of asserting the truth.
It is sufficient that the very fact hath its foundation in truth, as
I do seriously aver is the case. Fielding.
Then all averred I had killed the bird. Coleridge.

Syn.
 -- To assert; affirm; asseverate. See Affirm.

AVERAGE
Av"er*age, n. Etym: [OF. average, LL. averagium, prob. fr. OF. aver,
F. avoir, property, horses, cattle, etc.; prop. infin., to have, from
L. habere to have. Cf. F. avérage small cattle, and avarie (perh. of
different origin) damage to ship or cargo, port dues. The first
meaning was peAver, n., Avercorn, Averpenny.]

1. (OLd Eng. Law)

Defn: That service which a tenant owed his lord, to be done by the
work beasts of the tenant, as the carriage of wheat, turf, etc.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. avarie damage to ship or cargo.] (Com.)
(a) A tariff or duty on goods, etc. [Obs.]
(b) Any charge in addition to the regular charge for freight of goods
shipped.
(c) A contribution to a loss or charge which has been imposed upon
one of several for the general benefit; damage done by sea perils.
(d) The equitable and proportionate distribution of loss or expense
among all interested. General average, a contribution made, by all
parties concerned in a sea adventure, toward a loss occasioned by the
voluntary sacrifice of the property of some of the parties in
interest for the benefit of all. It is called general average,
because it falls upon the gross amount of ship, cargo, and freight at
risk and saved by the sacrifice. Kent.
 -- Particular average signifies the damage or partial loss happening
to the ship, or cargo, or freight, in consequence of some fortuitous
or unavoidable accident; and it is borne by the individual owners of
the articles damaged, or by their insurers.
 -- Petty averages are sundry small charges, which occur regularly,
and are necessarily defrayed by the master in the usual course of a
voyage; such as port charges, common pilotage, and the like, which
formerly were, and in some cases still are, borne partly by the ship
and partly by the cargo. In the clause commonly found in bills of
lading, "primage and average accustomed," average means a kind of
composition established by usage for such charges, which were
formerly assessed by way of average. Arnould. Abbott. Phillips.

3. A mean proportion, medial sum or quantity, made out of unequal
sums or quantities; an arithmetical mean. Thus, if A loses 5 dollars,
B 9, and C 16, the sum is 30, and the average 10.

4. Any medial estimate or general statement derived from a comparison
of diverse specific cases; a medium or usual size, quantity, quality,
rate, etc. "The average of sensations." Paley.

5. pl.

Defn: In the English corn trade, the medial price of the several
kinds of grain in the principal corn markets. On an average, taking
the mean of unequal numbers or quantities.

AVERAGE
Av"er*age, a.

1. Pertaining to an average or mean; medial; containing a mean
proportion; of a mean size, quality, ability, etc.; ordinary; usual;
as, an average rate of profit; an average amount of rain; the average
Englishman; beings of the average stamp.

2. According to the laws of averages; as, the loss must be made good
by average contribution.

AVERAGE
Av"er*age, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Averaged (p. pr. & vb. n. Averaging.]

1. To find the mean of, when sums or quantities are unequal; to
reduce to a mean.

2. To divide among a number, according to a given proportion; as, to
average a loss.

3. To do, accomplish, get, etc., on an average.

AVERAGE
Av"er*age, v. i.

Defn: To form, or exist in, a mean or medial sum or quantity; to
amount to, or to be, on an ~; as, the losses of the owners will
average twenty five dollars each; these spars average ten feet in
length.

AVERCORN
A"ver*corn`, n. Etym: [Aver,n.+ corn.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: A reserved rent in corn, formerly paid to religious houses by
their tenants or farmers. Kennet.

AVERMENT
A*ver"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. averement, LL. averamentum. See Aver,
v. t.]

1. The act of averring, or that which is averred; affirmation;
positive assertion.
Signally has this averment received illustration in the course of
recent events. I. Taylor.

2. Verification; establishment by evidence. Bacon.

3. (Law)

Defn: A positive statement of facts; an allegation; an offer to
justify or prove what is alleged.

Note: In any stage of pleadings, when either party advances new
matter, he avers it to be true, by using this form of words: "and
this he is ready to verify." This was formerly called an averment. It
modern pleading, it is termed a verification. Blackstone.

AVERNAL; AVERNIAN
A*ver"nal, A*ver"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Avernus, a lake of Campania, in Italy,
famous for its poisonous vapors, which ancient writers fancied were
so malignant as to kill birds flying over it. It was represented by
the poets to be connected with the infernal regions.

AVERPENNY
Av"er*pen`ny, n. Etym: [Aver,n.+ penny.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: Money paid by a tenant in lieu of the service of average.

AVERROISM
A*ver"ro*ism, n.

Defn: The tenets of the Averroists.

AVERROIST
A*ver"ro*ist, n.

Defn: One of a sect of peripatetic philosophers, who appeared in
Italy before the restoration of learning; so denominated from
Averroes, or Averrhoes, a celebrated Arabian philosopher. He held the
doctrine of monopsychism.

AVERRUNCATE
Av`er*run"cate, v. t. Etym: [L. averruncare to avert; a, ab, off +
verruncare to turn; formerly derived from ab and eruncare to root
out. Cf. Aberuncate.]

1. To avert; to ward off. [Obs.] Hudibras.

2. To root up. [Obs.] Johnson.

AVERRUNCATION
Av`er*run*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. averroncation.]

1. The act of averting. [Obs.]

2. Eradication. [R.] De Quincey.

AVERRUNCATOR
Av`er*run*ca"tor, n. Etym: [Cf. Aberuncator.]

Defn: An instrument for pruning trees, consisting of two blades, or a
blade and a hook, fixed on the end of a long rod.

AVERSATION
Av`er*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. aversatio, fr. aversari to turn away, v.
intens. of avertere. See Avert.]

Defn: A turning from with dislike; aversion. [Obs.or Archaic]
Some men have a natural aversation to some vices or virtues, and a
natural affection to others. Jer. Taylor.

AVERSE
A*verse", a. Etym: [L. aversus, p. p. of avertere. See Avert.]

1. Turned away or backward. [Obs.]
The tracks averse a lying notice gave, And led the searcher backward
from the cave. Dryden.

2. Having a repugnance or opposition of mind; disliking; disinclined;
unwilling; reluctant.
Averse alike to flatter, or offend. Pope.
Men who were averse to the life of camps. Macaulay.
Pass by securely as men averse from war. Micah ii. 8.

Note: The prevailing usage now is to employ to after averse and its
derivatives rather than from, as was formerly the usage. In this the
word is in agreement with its kindred terms, hatred, dislike,
dissimilar, contrary, repugnant, etc., expressing a relation or an
affection of the mind to an object.

Syn.
 -- Averse, Reluctant, Adverse. Averse expresses an habitual, though
not of necessity a very strong, dislike; as, averse to active
pursuits; averse to study. Reluctant, a term of the of the will,
implies an internal struggle as to making some sacrifice of interest
or feeling; as, reluctant to yield; reluctant to make the necessary
arrangements; a reluctant will or consent. Adverse denotes active
opposition or hostility; as, adverse interests; adverse feelings,
plans, or movements; the adverse party.

AVERSE
A*verse", v. t. & i.

Defn: To turn away. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

AVERSELY
A*verse"ly, adv.

1. Backward; in a backward direction; as, emitted aversely.

2. With repugnance or aversion; unwillingly.

AVERSENESS
A*verse"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being averse; opposition of mind; unwillingness.

AVERSION
A*ver"sion, n. Etym: [L. aversio: cf. F. aversion. See Avert.]

1. A turning away. [Obs.]
Adhesion to vice and aversion from goodness. Bp. Atterbury.

2. Opposition or repugnance of mind; fixed dislike; antipathy;
disinclination; reluctance.
Mutual aversion of races. Prescott.
His rapacity had made him an object of general aversion. Macaulay.

Note: It is now generally followed by to before the object. [See
Averse.] Sometimes towards and for are found; from is obsolete.
A freeholder is bred with an aversion to subjection. Addison.
His aversion towards the house of York. Bacon.
It is not difficult for a man to see that a person has conceived an
aversion for him. Spectator.
The Khasias . . . have an aversion to milk. J. D. Hooker.

3. The object of dislike or repugnance.
Pain their aversion, pleasure their desire. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Antipathy; dislike; repugnance; disgust. See Dislike.

AVERT
A*vert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Averted; p. pr. & vb. n. Averting.]
Etym: [L. avertere; a, ab + vertere to turn: cf. OF. avertir. See
Verse, n.]

Defn: To turn aside, or away; as, to avert the eyes from an object;
to ward off, or prevent, the occurrence or effects of; as, how can
the danger be averted "To avert his ire." Milton.
When atheists and profane persons do hear of so many discordant and
contrary opinions in religion, it doth avert them from the church.
Bacon.
Till ardent prayer averts the public woe. Prior.

AVERT
A*vert", v. i.

Defn: To turn away. [Archaic]
Cold and averting from our neighbor's good. Thomson.

AVERTED
A*vert"ed, a.

Defn: Turned away, esp. as an expression of feeling; also, offended;
unpropitious.
Who scornful pass it with averted eye. Keble.

AVERTER
A*vert"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, averts.

AVERTIBLE
A*vert"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being averted; preventable.

AVERTIMENT
A*ver"ti*ment, n.

Defn: Advertisement. [Obs.]

AVES
A"ves, n. pl. Etym: [L., pl. of avis bird.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The class of Vertebrata that includes the birds.

Note: Aves, or birds, have a complete double circulation, oviparous,
reproduction, front limbs peculiarly modified as wings; and they bear
feathers. All existing birds have a horny beak, without teeth; but
some Mesozoic fossil birds (Odontornithes) had conical teeth inserted
in both jaws. The principal groups are: Carinatæ, including all
existing flying birds; Ratitæ, including the ostrich and allies, the
apteryx, and the extinct moas; Odontornithes, or fossil birds with
teeth.

Note: The ordinary birds are classified largely by the structure of
the beak and feet, which are in direct relating to their habits. See
Beak, Bird, Odontonithes.

AVESTA
A*ves"ta, n.

Defn: The Zoroastrian scriptures. See Zend-Avesta.

AVESTAN
A*ves"tan, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Avesta or the language of the Avesta. -
-n.

Defn: The language of the Avesta; -- less properly called Zend.

AVIADO
A`vi*a"do, n. [Sp.]

Defn: One who works a mine with means provided by another. [Sp. Amer.
& Southwestern U. S.]

AVIAN
A"vi*an, a.

Defn: Of or instrument to birds.

AVIARY
A"vi*a*ry, n.; pl. Aviaries. Etym: [L. aviarium, fr. aviarius
pertaining to birds, fr. avis bird, akin to Gr, vi.]

Defn: A house, inclosure, large cage, or other place, for keeping
birds confined; a bird house.
Lincolnshire may be termed the aviary of England. Fuller.

AVIATE
A"vi*ate, v. i.  [imp. & p. p. Aviated; p. pr. & vb. n. Aviating.]

Defn: To fly, or navigate the air, in an aëroplane or heavier-than-
air flying machine. [Colloq.]

AVIATION
A`vi*a"tion, n.

Defn: The art or science of flying.

AVIATOR
A"vi*a`tor, n.
(a) An experimenter in aviation.
(b) A flying machine.

AVIATRESS; AVIATRIX
A"vi*a`tress, A`vi*a"trix, n.

Defn: A woman aviator.

AVICULA
A*vic"u*la, n. Etym: [L., small bird.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine bivalves, having a pearly interior, allied to
the pearl oyster; -- so called from a supposed resemblance of the
typical species to a bird.

AVICULAR
A*vic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. avicula a small bird, dim. of avis bird.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a bird or to birds.

AVICULARIA
A*vic`u*la"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Avicular.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See prehensile processes on the cells of some Bryozoa, often
having the shape of a bird's bill.

AVICULTURE
A"vi*cul`ture, n. Etym: [L. avis bird + cultura culture.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Rearing and care of birds.

AVID
Av"id, a. Etym: [L. avidus, fr. av to long: cf. F. avide. See
Avarice.]

Defn: Longing eagerly for; eager; greedy. "Avid of gold, yet greedier
of renown." Southey.

AVIDIOUS
A*vid"i*ous, a.

Defn: Avid.

AVIDIOUSLY
A*vid"i*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Eagerly; greedily.

AVIDITY
A*vid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. aviditas, fr. avidus: cf. F. avidité. See
Avid.]

Defn: Greediness; strong appetite; eagerness; intenseness of desire;
as, to eat with avidity.
His books were received and read with avidity. Milward.

AVIE
A*vie", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + vie.]

Defn: Emulously. [Obs.]

AVIETTE
A`vi*ette", n.

Defn: A heavier-than-air flying machine in which the motive power is
furnished solely by the aviator.

AVIFAUNA
A`vi*fau"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. avis bird + E. fauna.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The birds, or all the kinds of birds, inhabiting a region.

AVIGATO
Av`i*ga"to, n.

Defn: See Avocado.

AVIGNON BERRY
A`vignon" ber"ry. (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of the Rhamnus infectorius, eand of other species of
the same genus; -- so called from the city of Avignon, in France. It
is used by dyers and painters for coloring yellow. Called also French
berry.

AVILE
A*vile", v. t. Etym: [OF. aviler, F. avilir; a (L. ad) + vil vile.
See Vile.]

Defn: To abase or debase; to vilify; to depreciate. [Obs.]
Want makes us know the price of what we avile. B. Jonson.

AVIS
A*vis", n. Etym: [F. avis. See Advice.]

Defn: Advice; opinion; deliberation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AVISE
A*vise", v. t. Etym: [F. aviser. See Advise, v. t.]

1. To look at; to view; to think of. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To advise; to counsel. [Obs.] Shak. To avise one's self, to
consider with one's self, to reflect, to deliberate. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Now therefore, if thou wilt enriched be, Avise thee well, and change
thy willful mood. Spenser.

AVISE
A*vise", v. i.

Defn: To consider; to reflect. [Obs.]

AVISEFUL
A*vise"ful, a.

Defn: Watchful; circumspect. [Obs.]
With sharp, aviseful eye. Spenser.

AVISELY
A*vise"ly, adv.

Defn: Advisedly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AVISEMENT
A*vise"ment, n.

Defn: Advisement; observation; deliberation. [Obs.]

AVISION
A*vi"sion, n.

Defn: Vision. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AVISO
A*vi"so, n. Etym: [Sp.]

1. Information; advice.

2. An advice boat, or dispatch boat.

AVOCADO
Av`o*ca"do, n. Etym: [Corrupted from the Mexican ahuacatl: cf. Sp.
aguacate, F. aguacaté, avocat, G. avogadobaum.]

Defn: The pulpy fruit of Persea gratissima, a tree of tropical
America. It is about the size and shape of a large pear; -- called
also avocado pear, alligator pear, midshipman's butter.

AVOCAT
Av`o*cat, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An advocate.

AVOCATE
Av"o*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. avocatus, p. p. of avocare; a, ab + vocare
to call. Cf. Avoke, and see Vocal, a.]

Defn: To call off or away; to withdraw; to transfer to another
tribunal. [Obs. or Archaic]
One who avocateth his mind from other occupations. Barrow.
He, at last, . . . avocated the cause to Rome. Robertson.

AVOCATION
Av`o*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. avocatio.]

1. A calling away; a diversion. [Obs. or Archaic]
Impulses to duty, and powerful avocations from sin. South.

2. That which calls one away from one's regular employment or
vocation.
Heaven is his vocation, and therefore he counts earthly employments
avocations. Fuller.
By the secular cares and avocations which accompany marriage the
clergy have been furnished with skill in common life. Atterbury.

Note: In this sense the word is applied to the smaller affairs of
life, or occasional calls which summon a person to leave his ordinary
or principal business. Avocation (in the singular) for vocation is
usually avoided by good writers.

3. pl.

Defn: Pursuits; duties; affairs which occupy one's time; usual
employment; vocation.
There are professions, among the men, no more favorable to these
studies than the common avocations of women. Richardson.
In a few hours, above thirty thousand men left his standard, and
returned to their ordinary avocations. Macaulay.
An irregularity and instability of purpose, which makes them choose
the wandering avocations of a shepherd, rather than the more fixed
pursuits of agriculture. Buckle.

AVOCATIVE
A*vo"ca*tive, a.

Defn: Calling off. [Obs.]

AVOCATIVE
A*vo"ca*tive, n.

Defn: That which calls aside; a dissuasive.

AVOCET; AVOSET
Av"o*cet, Av"o*set, n. Etym: [F. avocette: cf. It. avosetta, Sp.
avoceta.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A grallatorial bird, of the genus Recurvirostra; the scooper.
The bill is long and bend upward toward the tip. The American species
is R. Americana. [Written also avocette.]

AVOID
A*void" (, v. t. [p. & p. p. Avoided; p. pr. & vb. n. Avoiding.]
Etym: [OF. esvuidier, es (L. ex) + vuidier, voidier, to empty. See
Void, a.]

1. To empty. [Obs.] Wyclif.

2. To emit or throw out; to void; as, to avoid excretions. [Obs.] Sir
T. Browne.

3. To quit or evacuate; to withdraw from. [Obs.]
Six of us only stayed, and the rest avoided the room. Bacon.

4. To make void; to annul or vacate; to refute.
How can these grants of the king's be avoided Spenser.

5. To keep away from; to keep clear of; to endeavor no to meet; to
shun; to abstain from; as, to avoid the company of gamesters.
What need a man forestall his date of grief. And run to meet what he
would most avoid Milton.
He carefully avoided every act which could goad them into open
hostility. Macaulay.

6. To get rid of. [Obs.] Shak.

7. (Pleading)

Defn: To defeat or evade; to invalidate. Thus, in a replication, the
plaintiff may deny the defendant's plea, or confess it, and avoid it
by stating new matter. Blackstone.

Syn.
 -- To escape; elude; evade; eschew.
 -- To Avoid, Shun. Avoid in its commonest sense means, to keep clear
of, an extension of the meaning, to withdraw one's self from. It
denotes care taken not to come near or in contact; as, to avoid
certain persons or places. Shun is a stronger term, implying more
prominently the idea of intention. The words may, however, in many
cases be interchanged.
No man can pray from his heart to be kept from temptation, if the
take no care of himself to avoid it. Mason.
So Chanticleer, who never saw a fox, Yet shunned him as a sailor
shuns the rocks. Dryden.

AVOID
A*void", v. i.

1. To retire; to withdraw. [Obs.]
David avoided out of his presence. 1 Sam. xviii. 11.

2. (Law)

Defn: To become void or vacant. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

AVOIDABLE
A*void"a*ble, a.

1. Capable of being vacated; liable to be annulled or made invalid;
voidable.
The charters were not avoidable for the king's nonage. Hale.

2. Capable of being avoided, shunned, or escaped.

AVOIDANCE
A*void"ance, n.

1. The act of annulling; annulment.

2. The act of becoming vacant, or the state of being vacant; --
specifically used for the state of a benefice becoming void by the
death, deprivation, or resignation of the incumbent.
Wolsey, . . . on every avoidance of St. Peter's chair, was sitting
down therein, when suddenly some one or other clapped in before him.
Fuller.

3. A dismissing or a quitting; removal; withdrawal.

4. The act of avoiding or shunning; keeping clear of. "The avoidance
of pain." Beattie.

5. The courts by which anything is carried off.
Avoidances and drainings of water. Bacon.

AVOIDER
A*void"er, n.

1. The person who carries anything away, or the vessel in which
things are carried away. Johnson.

2. One who avoids, shuns, or escapes.

AVOIDLESS
A*void"less, a.

Defn: Unavoidable; inevitable.

AVOIRDUPOIS
Av`oir*du*pois", n. & a. Etym: [OE. aver de peis, goods of weight,
where peis is fr. OF. peis weight, F. poids, L. pensum. See Aver, n.,
and Poise, n.]

1. Goods sold by weight. [Obs.]

2. Avoirdupois weight.

3. Weight; heaviness; as, a woman of much avoirdupois. [Colloq.]
Avoirdupois weight, a system of weights by which coarser commodities
are weighed, such as hay, grain, butter, sugar, tea.

Note: The standard Avoirdupois pound of the United States is
equivalent to the weight of 27.7015 cubic inches of distilled water
at 62º Fahrenheit, the barometer being at 30 inches, and the water
weighed in the air with brass weights. In this system of weights 16
drams make 1 ounce, 16 ounces 1 pound, 25 pounds 1 quarter, 4
quarters 1 hundred weight, and 20 hundred weight 1 ton. The above
pound contains 7,000 grains, or 453.54 grams, so that 1 pound
avoirdupois is equivalent to 1 31-144 pounds troy. (See Troy weight.)
Formerly, a hundred weight was reckoned at 112 pounds, the ton being
2,240 pounds (sometimes called a long ton).

AVOKE
A*voke", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Avocate.]

Defn: To call from or back again. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

AVOLATE
Av"o*late, v. i. Etym: [L. avolare; a (ab) + volare to fly.]

Defn: To fly away; to escape; to exhale. [Obs.]

AVOLATION
Av`o*la"tion, n. Etym: [LL. avolatio.]

Defn: The act of flying; flight; evaporation. [Obs.]

AVOSET
Av"o*set, n.

Defn: Same as Avocet.

AVOUCH
A*vouch", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Avouched (p. pr. & vb. n. Avouching.]
Etym: [OF. avochier, LL. advocare to recognize the existence of a
thing, to advocate, fr. L. advocare to call to; ad + vocare to call.
Cf. Avow to declare, Advocate, and see Vouch, v. t.]

1. To appeal to; to cite or claim as authority. [Obs.]
They avouch many successions of authorities. Coke.

2. To maintain a just or true; to vouch for.
We might be disposed to question its authencity, it if were not
avouched by the full evidence. Milman.

3. To declare or assert positively and as matter of fact; to affirm
openly.
If this which he avouches does appear. Shak.
Such antiquities could have been avouched for the Irish. Spenser.

4. To acknowledge deliberately; to admit; to confess; to sanction.
Thou hast avouched the Lord this day to be thy God. Deut. xxvi. 17.

AVOUCH
A*vouch", n.

Defn: Evidence; declaration. [Obs.]
The sensible and true avouch Of mine own eyes. Shak.

AVOUCHABLE
A*vouch"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being avouched.

AVOUCHER
A*vouch"er, n.

Defn: One who avouches.

AVOUCHMENT
A*vouch"ment, n.

Defn: The act of avouching; positive declaration. [Obs.] Milton.

AVOUTRER
A*vou"trer, n.

Defn: See Advoutrer. [Obs.]

AVOUTRIE
A*vou"trie, n. Etym: [OF.]

Defn: Adultery. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AVOW
A*vow", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Avowed (p. pr. & vb. n. Avowing.] Etym:
[F. avouver, fr. L. advocare to call to (whence the meanings, to call
upon as superior; recognize as lord, own, confess); ad + vocare to
call. See Advocate, Avouch.]

1. To declare openly, as something believed to be right; to own or
acknowledge frankly; as, a man avows his principles or his crimes.
Which I to be the of Israel's God Avow, and challenge Dagon to the
test. Milton.

2. (Law)

Defn: To acknowledge and justify, as an act done. See Avowry.
Blackstone.

Syn.
 -- To acknowledge; own; confess. See Confess.

AVOW
A*vow", n, Etym: [Cf. F. aveu.]

Defn: Avowal. [Obs.] Dryden.

AVOW
A*vow", v. t. & i. Etym: [OF. avouer, fr. LL. votare to vow, fr. L.
votun. See Vote, n.]

Defn: To bind, or to devote, by a vow. [Obs.] Wyclif.

AVOW
A*vow", n.

Defn: A vow or determination. [Archaic]

AVOWABLE
A*vow"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being avowed, or openly acknowledged, with
confidence. Donne.

AVOWAL
A*vow"al, n.

Defn: An open declaration; frank acknowledgment; as, an avowal of
such principles. Hume.

AVOWANCE
A*vow"ance, n.

1. Act of avowing; avowal.

2. Upholding; defense; vindication. [Obs.]
Can my avowance of king-murdering be collected from anything here
written by me Fuller.

AVOWANT
A*vow"ant, n. (Law)

Defn: The defendant in replevin, who avows the distress of the goods,
and justifies the taking. Cowell.

AVOWED
A*vowed", a.

Defn: Openly acknowledged or declared; admitted.
 -- A*vow"ed*ly (, adv.

AVOWEE
A*vow`ee", n. Etym: [F. avoué. Cf. Advowee, Advocate, n.]

Defn: The person who has a right to present to a benefice; the
patron; an advowee. See Advowson.

AVOWER
A*vow"er, n.

Defn: One who avows or asserts.

AVOWRY
A*vow"ry, n. Etym: [OE. avouerie protection, authority, OF. avouerie.
See Avow to declare.]

1. An advocate; a patron; a patron saint. [Obs.]
Let God alone be our avowry. Latimer.

2. The act of the distrainer of goods, who, in an action of replevin,
avows and justifies the taking in his own right. Blackstone.

Note: When an action of replevin is brought, the distrainer either
makes avowry, that is, avours taking the distress in his own right,
or the right of his wife, and states the reason if it, as for arrears
of rent, damage done, or the like; or makes cognizance, that is,
acknowledges the taking, but justifies in an another's right, as his
bailiff or servant.

AVOWTRY
A*vow"try, v. t.

Defn: Adultery. See Advoutry.

AVOYER
A*voy"er, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A chief magistrate of a free imperial city or canton of
Switzerland. [Obs.]

AVULSE
A*vulse", v. t. Etym: [L. avulsus, p. p. of avellere to tear off; a
(ab) + vellere to pluck.]

Defn: To pluck or pull off. Shenstone.

AVULSION
A*vul"sion, n. Etym: [L. avulsio.]

1. A tearing asunder; a forcible separation.
The avulsion of two polished superficies. Locke.

2. A fragment torn off. J. Barlow.

3. (Law)

Defn: The sudden removal of lands or soil from the estate of one man
to that of another by an inundation or a current, or by a sudden
change in the course of a river by which a part of the estate of one
man is cut off and joined to the estate of another. The property in
the part thus separated, or cut off, continues in the original owner.
Wharton. Burrill.

AVUNCULAR
A*vun"cu*lar, a. Etym: [L. avunculus uncle.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an uncle.
In these rare instances, the law of pedigree, whether direct or
avuncular, gives way. I. Taylor.

AWAIT
A*wait", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Awaited; p. pr. & vb. n. Awaiting.]
Etym: [OF. awaitier, agaitier; (L. ad) + waitier, gaitier to watch,
F. guetter. See Wait.]

1. To watch for; to look out for. [Obs.]

2. To wait on, serve, or attend. [Obs.]

3. To wait for; to stay for; to expect. See Expect.
Betwixt these rocky pillars Gabriel sat, Chief of the angelic guards,
awaiting night. Milton.

4. To be in store for; to be ready or in waiting for; as, a glorious
reward awaits the good.
O Eve, some farther change awaits us night. Milton.

AWAIT
A*wait", v. i.

1. To watch. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To wait (on or upon). [Obs.]

3. To wait; to stay in waiting. Darwin.

AWAIT
A*wait", n.

Defn: A waiting for; ambush; watch; watching; heed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AWAKE
A*wake", v. t. [imp. Awoke, Awaked (; p. p. Awaked; (Obs.) Awaken,
Awoken; p. pr. & vb. n. Awaking. The form Awoke is sometimes used as
a p. p.] Etym: [AS. awæcnan, v. i. (imp. aw), and awacian, v. i.
(imp. awacode). See Awaken, Wake.]

1. To rouse from sleep.; to wake; to awaken.
Where morning's earliest ray . . . awake her. Tennyson.
And his disciples came to him, and awoke him, saying, Lord, save us;
we perish. Matt. viii. 25.

2. To rouse from a state resembling sleep, as from death, stupidity.,
or inaction; to put into action; to give new life to; to stir up; as,
to awake the dead; to awake the dormant faculties.
I was soon awaked from this disagreeable reverie. Goldsmith.
It way awake my bounty further. Shak.
No sunny gleam awakes the trees. Keble.

AWAKE
A*wake", v. i.

Defn: To cease to sleep; to come out of a state of natural sleep;
and, figuratively, out of a state resembling sleep, as inaction or
death.
The national spirit again awoke. Freeman.
Awake to righteousness, and sin not. 1 Cor. xv. 34.

AWAKE
A*wake", a. Etym: [From awaken, old p. p. of awake.]

Defn: Not sleeping or lethargic; roused from sleep; in a state of
vigilance or action.
Before whom awake I stood. Milton.
She still beheld, Now wide awake, the vision of her sleep. Keats.
He was awake to the danger. Froude.

AWAKEN
A*wak"en, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Awakened (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Awakening.] Etym: [OE. awakenen, awaknen, AS. awæcnan, awæcnian, v.
i.; pref. on- + wæcnan to wake. Cf. Awake, v. t.]

Defn: To rouse from sleep or torpor; to awake; to wake.
[He] is dispatched Already to awaken whom thou nam'st. Cowper.
Their consciences are thoroughly awakened. Tillotson.

Syn.
 -- To arouse; excite; stir up; call forth.

AWAKENER
A*wak"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, awakens.

AWAKENING
A*wak"en*ing, a.

Defn: Rousing from sleep, in a natural or a figurative sense; rousing
into activity; exciting; as, the awakening city; an awakening
discourse; the awakening dawn.
 -- A*wak"en*ing*ly, adv.

AWAKENING
A*wak"en*ing, n.

Defn: The act of awaking, or ceasing to sleep. Specifically: A
revival of religion, or more general attention to religious matters
than usual.

AWAKENMENT
A*wak"en*ment, n.

Defn: An awakening. [R.]

AWANTING
A*want"ing, a. Etym: [Pref. a- + wanting.]

Defn: Missing; wanting. [Prov. Scot. & Eng.] Sir W. Hamilton.

AWARD
A*ward", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Awarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Awarding.]
Etym: [OF. eswarder to look at, consider, decide, judge; es (L. ex) +
warder, garder, to observe, take heed, keep, fr. OHG. wart to watch,
guard. See Ward.]

Defn: To give by sentence or judicial determination; to assign or
apportion, after careful regard to the nature of the case; to
adjudge; as, the arbitrators awarded damages to the complainant.
To review The wrongful sentence, and award a new. Dryden.

AWARD
A*ward", v. i.

Defn: To determine; to make an ~.

AWARD
A*ward", n. Etym: [Cf. OF. award, awart, esgart. See Award, v. t.]

1. A judgment, sentence, or final decision. Specifically: The
decision of arbitrators in a case submitted."Impatient for the
award." Cowper.
An award had been given against. Gilpin.

2. The paper containing the decision of arbitrators; that which is
warded. Bouvier.

AWARDER
A*ward"er, n.

Defn: One who awards, or assigns by sentence or judicial
determination; a judge.

AWARE
A*ware", a. Etym: [OE. iwar, AS. gewær, fr. wær wary. The pref. ge-
orig. meant together, completely. Wary.]

1. Watchful; vigilant or on one's guard against danger or difficulty.

2. Apprised; informed; cognizant; conscious; as, he was aware of the
enemy's designs.
Aware of nothing arduous in a task They never undertook. Cowper.

AWARN
A*warn", v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + warn, AS. gewarnian. See Warn, v.
t.]

Defn: To warn. [Obs.] Spenser.

AWASH
A*wash", a. Etym: [Pref. a- + wash.]

Defn: Washed by the waves or tide; -- said of a rock or strip of
shore, or (Naut.) of an anchor, etc., when flush with the surface of
the water, so that the waves break over it.

AWAY
A*way", adv. Etym: [AS. aweg, anweg, onweg; on on + weg way.]

1. From a place; hence.
The sound is going away. Shak.
Have me away, for I am sore wounded. 2 Chron. xxxv. 23.

2. Absent; gone; at a distance; as, the master is away from home.

3. Aside; off; in another direction.
The axis of rotation is inclined away from the sun. Lockyer.

4. From a state or condition of being; out of existence.
Be near me when I fade away. Tennyson.

5. By ellipsis of the verb, equivalent to an imperative: Go or come
~; begone; take ~.
And the Lord said . . . Away, get thee down. Exod. xix. 24.

6. On; in continuance; without intermission or delay; as, sing away.
[Colloq.]

Note: It is much used in phrases signifying moving or going from; as,
go away, run away, etc.; all signifying departure, or separation to a
distance. Sometimes without the verb; as, whither away so fast "Love
hath wings, and will away." Waller. It serves to modify the sense of
certain verbs by adding that of removal, loss, parting with, etc.;
as, to throw away; to trifle away; to squander away, etc. Sometimes
it has merely an intensive force; as, to blaze away. Away with, bear,
abide. [Obs. or Archaic] "The calling of assemblies, I can not away
with." (Isa. i. 13
), i. e., "I can not bear or endure [it]." -- Away with one,
signifies, take him away. "Away with, crucify him." John xix. 15.
 -- To make away with. (a) To kill or destroy. (b) To carry off.

AWAY-GOING
A*way"-go"ing, a. (Law)

Defn: Sown during the last years of a tenancy, but not ripe until
after its expiration; -- said of crops. Wharton.

AWAYWARD
A*way"ward, adv.

Defn: Turned away; away. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AWE
Awe, n. Etym: [OE. a, aghe, fr. Icel. agi; akin to AS. ege, , Goth.
agis, Dan. ave chastisement, fear, Gr. ail. Ugly.]

1. Dread; great fear mingled with respect. [Obs. or Obsolescent]
His frown was full of terror, and his voice Shook the delinquent with
such fits of awe. Cowper.

2. The emotion inspired by something dreadful and sublime; an
undefined sense of the dreadful and the sublime; reverential fear, or
solemn wonder; profound reverence.
There is an awe in mortals' joy, A deep mysterious fear. Keble.
To tame the pride of that power which held the Continent in awe.
Macaulay.
The solitude of the desert, or the loftiness of the mountain, may
fill the mind with awe -- the sense of our own littleness in some
greater presence or power. C. J. Smith.
To stand in awe of, to fear greatly; to reverence profoundly.

Syn.
 -- See Reverence.

AWE
Awe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Awed (p. pr. & vb. n. Awing.]

Defn: To strike with fear and reverence; to inspire with awe; to
control by inspiring dread.
That same eye whose bend doth awe the world. Shak.
His solemn and pathetic exhortation awed and melted the bystanders.
Macaulay.

AWEARIED
A*wea"ried, p. p.

Defn: Wearied. [Poetic]

AWEARY
A*wea"ry, a. Etym: [Pref. a- + weary.]

Defn: Weary. [Poetic] "I begin to be aweary of thee." Shak.

AWEATHER
A*weath"er, adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + weather.] (Naut.)

Defn: On the weather side, or toward the wind; in the direction from
which the wind blows; -- opposed to alee; as, helm aweather ! Totten.

AWEIGH
A*weigh", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + weigh.] (Naut.)

Defn: Just drawn out of the ground, and hanging perpendicularly;
atrip; -- said of the anchor. Totten.

AWELESS
Awe"less, a.

Defn: See Awless.

AWESOME
Awe"some, a.

1. Causing awe; appalling; awful; as, an awesome sight. Wright.

2. Expressive of awe or terror.
An awesome glance up at the auld castle. Sir W. Scott.

AWESOMENESS
Awe"some*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being awesome.

AWE-STRICKEN
Awe"-strick`en, a.

Defn: Awe-struck.

AWE-STRUCK
Awe"-struck`, a.

Defn: Struck with awe. Milton.

AWFUL
Aw"ful, a.

1. Oppressing with fear or horror; appalling; terrible; as, an awful
scene. "The hour of Nature's awful throes." Hemans.

2. Inspiring awe; filling with profound reverence, or with fear and
admiration; fitted to inspire reverential fear; profoundly
impressive.
Heaven's awful Monarch. Milton.

3. Struck or filled with awe; terror-stricken. [Obs.]
A weak and awful reverence for antiquity. I. Watts.

4. Worshipful; reverential; law-abiding. [Obs.]
Thrust from the company of awful men. Shak.

5. Frightful; exceedingly bad; great; -- applied intensively; as, an
awful bonnet; an awful boaster. [Slang]

Syn.
 -- See Frightful.

AWFULLY
Aw"ful*ly, adv.

1. In an awful manner; in a manner to fill with terror or awe;
fearfully; reverently.

2. Very; excessively. [Slang]

AWFULNESS
Aw"ful*ness, n.

1. The quality of striking with awe, or with reverence; dreadfulness;
solemnity; as, the awfulness of this sacred place.
The awfulness of grandeur. Johnson.

2. The state of being struck with awe; a spirit of solemnity;
profound reverence. [Obs.]
Producing in us reverence and awfulness. Jer. Taylor.

AWHAPE
A*whape", v. t. Etym: [Cf. whap blow.]

Defn: To confound; to terrify; to amaze. [Obs.] Spenser.

AWHILE
A*while", adv. Etym: [Adj. a + while time, interval.]

Defn: For a while; for some time; for a short time.

AWING
A*wing", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + wing.]

Defn: On the wing; flying; fluttering. Wallace.

AWK
Awk, a. Etym: [OE. auk, awk (properly) turned away; (hence) contrary,
wrong, from Icel. öfigr, öfugr, afigr, turning the wrong way, fr. af
off, away; cf. OHG. abuh, Skr. apac turned away, fr. apa off, away +
a root ak, ak, to bend, from which come also E. angle, anchor.]

1. Odd; out of order; perverse. [Obs.]

2. Wrong, or not commonly used; clumsy; sinister; as, the awk end of
a rod (the but end). [Obs.] Golding.

3. Clumsy in performance or manners; unhandy; not dexterous; awkward.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

AWK
Awk, adv.

Defn: Perversely; in the wrong way. L'Estrange.

AWKLY
Awk"ly, adv.

1. In an unlucky (left-handed) or perverse manner. [Obs.] Holland.

2. Awkwardly. [Obs.] Fuller.

AWKWARD
Awk"ward, a. Etym: [Awk + -ward.]

1. Wanting dexterity in the use of the hands, or of instruments; not
dexterous; without skill; clumsy; wanting ease, grace, or
effectiveness in movement; ungraceful; as, he was awkward at a trick;
an awkward boy.
And dropped an awkward courtesy. Dryden.

2. Not easily managed or effected; embarrassing.
A long and awkward process. Macaulay.
An awkward affair is one that has gone wrong, and is difficult to
adjust. C. J. Smith.

3. Perverse; adverse; untoward. [Obs.] "Awkward casualties." "Awkward
wind." Shak.
O blind guides, which being of an awkward religion, do strain out a
gnat, and swallow up a cancel. Udall.

Syn.
 -- Ungainly; unhandy; clownish; lubberly; gawky; maladroit;
bungling; inelegant; ungraceful; unbecoming.
 -- Awkward, Clumsy, Uncouth. Awkward has a special reference to
outward deportment. A man is clumsy in his whole person, he is
awkward in his gait and the movement of his limbs. Clumsiness is seen
at the first view. Awkwardness is discovered only when a person
begins to move. Hence the expressions, a clumsy appearance, and an
awkward manner. When we speak figuratively of an awkward excuse, we
think of a want of ease and grace in making it; when we speak of a
clumsy excuse, we think of the whole thing as coarse and stupid. We
apply the term uncouth most frequently to that which results from the
want of instruction or training; as, uncouth manners; uncouth
language.
 -- Awk"ward*ly (, adv.
 -- Awk"ward*ness, n.

AWKWARD SQUAD
Awk"ward squad. (Mil.)

Defn: A squad of inapt recruits assembled for special drill.

AWL
Awl, n. Etym: [OE. aul, awel, al, AS. , awel; akin to Icel. alr, OHG.
ala, G. ahle, Lith. yla, Skr. ara.]

Defn: A pointed instrument for piercing small holes, as in leather or
wood; used by shoemakers, saddlers, cabinetmakers, etc. The blade is
differently shaped and pointed for different uses, as in the brad
awl, saddler's awl, shoemaker's awl, etc.

AWLESS
Aw"less, a.

1. Wanting reverence; void of respectful fear. "Awless insolence."
Dryden.

2. Inspiring no awe. [Obs.] "The awless throne." Shak. [Written also
aweless]

AWLESSNESS
Aw"less*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being awless.

AWL-SHAPED
Awl"-shaped`, a.

1. Shaped like an awl.

2. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Subulate. See Subulate. Gray.

AWLWORT
Awl"wort`, n. Etym: [Awl + wort.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Subularia aquatica), with awl-shaped leaves.

AWM
Awm (m), n.

Defn: See Aam.

AWN
Awn, n. Etym: [OE. awn, agune, from Icel. ögn, pl. agnir; akin to Sw.
agn, Dan. avne, Goth. ahana, OHG. agana, G. agen, ahne, chaff, Gr.
egla; prob. from same root as E. acute. See 3d Ear. (Bot.)

Defn: The bristle or beard of barley, oats, grasses, etc., or any
similar bristlelike appendage; arista. Gray.

AWNED
Awned, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with an awn, or long bristle-shaped tip; bearded.
Gray.

AWNING
Awn"ing, n. Etym: [Origin uncertain: cf. F. auvent awing, or Pers.
awan, awang, anything suspended, or LG. havening a place sheltered
from wind and weather, E. haven.]

1. A rooflike cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any
place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind.

2. (Naut.) That part of the poop deck which is continued forward
beyond the bulkhead of the cabin.

AWNINGED
Awn"inged, a.

Defn: Furnished with an awning.

AWNLESS
Awn"less, a.

Defn: Without awns or beard.

AWNY
Awn"y, a.

Defn: Having awns; bearded.

AWORK
A*work", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + work.]

Defn: At work; in action. "Set awork." Shak.

AWORKING
A*work"ing, adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + working.]

Defn: At work; in action. [Archaic or Colloq.] Spenser.

AWREAK; AWREKE
A*wreak", A*wreke",, v. t. & i.

Defn: To avenge. [Obs.] See Wreak.

AWRONG
A*wrong", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + wrong.]

Defn: Wrongly. Ford.

AWRY
A*wry", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + wry.]

1. Turned or twisted toward one side; not in a straight or true
direction, or position; out of the right course; distorted;
obliquely; asquint; with oblique vision; as, to glance awry. "Your
crown's awry." Shak.
Blows them transverse, ten thousand leagues awry. Into the devious
air. Milton.

2. Aside from the line of truth, or right reason; unreasonable or
unreasonably; perverse or perversely.
Or by her charms Draws him awry, enslaved. Milton.
Nothing more awry from the law of God and nature than that a woman
should give laws to men. Milton.

AWSOME
Aw"some, a.

Defn: Same as Awesome.

AX; AXE
Ax, Axe,, n. Etym: [OE. ax, axe, AS. eax, æx, acas; akin to D. akse,
OS. accus, OHG. acchus, G. axt, Icel. öx, öxi, Sw. yxe, Dan. ökse,
Goth. aqizi, Gr. , L. ascia; not akin to E. acute.]

Defn: A tool or instrument of steel, or of iron with a steel edge or
blade, for felling trees, chopping and splitting wood, hewing timber,
etc. It is wielded by a wooden helve or handle, so fixed in a socket
or eye as to be in the same plane with the blade. The broadax, or
carpenter's ax, is an ax for hewing timber, made heavier than the
chopping ax, and with a broader and thinner blade and a shorter
handle.

Note: The ancient battle-ax had sometimes a double edge.

Note: The word is used adjectively or in combination; as, axhead or
ax head; ax helve; ax handle; ax shaft; ax-shaped; axlike.

Note: This word was originally spelt with e, axe; and so also was
nearly every corresponding word of one syllable: as, flaxe, taxe,
waxe, sixe, mixe, pixe, oxe, fluxe, etc. This superfluous e is not
dropped; so that, in more than a hundred words ending in x, no one
thinks of retaining the e except in axe. Analogy requires its
exclusion here.

Note: "The spelling ax is better on every ground, of etymology,
phonology, and analogy, than axe, which has of late become
prevalent." New English Dict. (Murray).

AX
Ax, v. t. & i. Etym: [OE. axien and asken. See Ask.]

Defn: To ask; to inquire or inquire of.

Note: This word is from Saxon, and is as old as the English language.
Formerly it was in good use, but now is regarded as a vulgarism. It
is still dialectic in England, and is sometimes heard among the
uneducated in the United States. "And Pilate axide him, Art thou king
of Jewis" "Or if he axea fish." Wyclif. 'bdThe king axed after your
Grace's welfare." Pegge.

AXAL
Ax"al, a.

Defn: [See Axial.] [R.]

AXE; AXEMAN
Axe, Axe"man, etc.

Defn: See Ax, Axman.

AXIAL
Ax"i*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to an axis; of the nature of, or resembling, an
axis; around an axis.
To take on an axial, and not an equatorial, direction. Nichol.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Belonging to the axis of the body; as, the axial skeleton; or
to the axis of any appendage or organ; as, the axial bones. Axial
line (Magnetism), the line taken by the magnetic force in passing
from one pole of a horseshoe magnet to the other. Faraday.

AXIALLY
Ax"i*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In relation to, or in a line with, an axis; in the axial
(magnetic) line.

AXIL
Ax"il, n. Etym: [L. axilla. Cf. Axle.] (Bot.)

Defn: The angle or point of divergence between the upper side of a
branch, leaf, or petiole, and the stem or branch from which it
springs. Gray.

AXILE
Ax"ile, a.

Defn: Situated in the axis of anything; as an embryo which lies in
the axis of a seed. Gray.

AXILLA
Ax*il"la, n.; pl. Axillae. Etym: [L.] (Anat.)

Defn: The armpit, or the cavity beneath the junction of the arm and
shoulder.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: An axil.

AXILLAR
Ax"il*lar, a.

Defn: Axillary.

AXILLARIES; AXILLARS
Ax"il*la*ries, Ax"il*lars, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feathers connecting the under surface of the wing and the body,
and concealed by the closed wing.

AXILLARY
Ax"il*la*ry, a. Etym: [See Axil.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the axilla or armpit; as, axillary gland,
artery, nerve.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Situated in, or rising from, an axil; of or pertaining to an
axil. "Axillary buds." Gray.

AXINITE
Ax"i*nite, n. Etym: [Named in allusion to the form of the crystals,
fr. Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A borosilicate of alumina, iron, and lime, commonly found in
glassy, brown crystals with acute edges.

AXINOMANCY
Ax*in"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [L. axinomantia, Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: A species of divination, by means of an ax or hatchet.

AXIOM
Ax"i*om, n. Etym: [L. axioma, Gr. that which is thought worthy, that
which is assumed, a basis of demonstration, a principle, fr. to think
worthy, fr. worthy, weighing as much as; cf. to lead, drive, also to
weigh so much: cf F. axiome. See Agent, a.]

1. (Logic & Math.)

Defn: A self-evident and necessary truth, or a proposition whose
truth is so evident as first sight that no reasoning or demonstration
can make it plainer; a proposition which it is necessary to take for
granted; as, "The whole is greater than a part;" "A thing can not, at
the same time, be and not be."

2. An established principle in some art or science, which, though not
a necessary truth, is universally received; as, the axioms of
political economy.

Syn.
 -- Axiom, Maxim, Aphorism, Adage. An axiom is a self-evident truth
which is taken for granted as the basis of reasoning. A maxim is a
guiding principle sanctioned by experience, and relating especially
to the practical concerns of life. An aphorism is a short sentence
pithily expressing some valuable and general truth or sentiment. An
adage is a saying of long-established authority and of universal
application.

AXIOMATIC; AXIOMATICAL
Ax`i*o*mat"ic, Ax`i*o*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an axiom; having the nature of an axiom;
self-evident; characterized by axioms. "Axiomatical truth." Johnson.
The stores of axiomatic wisdom. I. Taylor.

AXIOMATICALLY
Ax`i*o*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By the use of axioms; in the form of an axiom.

AXIS
Ax"is, n. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The spotted deer (Cervus axis or Axis maculata) of India, where
it is called hog deer and parrah (Moorish name).

AXIS
Ax"is, n.; pl. Axes. Etym: [L. axis axis, axle. See Axle.]

Defn: A straight line, real or imaginary, passing through a body, on
which it revolves, or may be supposed to revolve; a line passing
through a body or system around which the parts are symmetrically
arranged.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A straight line with respect to which the different parts of a
magnitude are symmetrically arranged; as, the axis of a cylinder, i.
e., the axis of a cone, that is, the straight line joining the vertex
and the center of the base; the axis of a circle, any straight line
passing through the center.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The stem; the central part, or longitudinal support, on which
organs or parts are arranged; the central line of any body. Gray.

4. (Anat.)
(a) The second vertebra of the neck, or vertebra dentata.
(b) Also used of the body only of the vertebra, which is prolonged
anteriorly within the foramen of the first vertebra or atlas, so as
to form the odontoid process or peg which serves as a pivot for the
atlas and head to turn upon.

5. (Crystallog.)

Defn: One of several imaginary lines, assumed in describing the
position of the planes by which a crystal is bounded.

6. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The primary of secondary central line of any design. Anticlinal
axis (Geol.), a line or ridge from which the strata slope downward on
the two opposite sides.
 -- Synclinal axis, a line from which the strata slope upward in
opposite directions, so as to form a valley.
 -- Axis cylinder (Anat.), the neuraxis or essential, central
substance of a nerve fiber; -- called also axis band, axial fiber,
and cylinder axis.
 -- Axis in peritrochio, the wheel and axle, one of the mechanical
powers.
 -- Axis of a curve (Geom.), a straight line which bisects a system
of parallel chords of a curve; called a principal axis, when cutting
them at right angles, in which case it divides the curve into two
symmetrical portions, as in the parabola, which has one such axis,
the ellipse, which has two, or the circle, which has an infinite
number. The two axes of the ellipse are the major axis and the minor
axis, and the two axes of the hyperbola are the transverse axis and
the conjugate axis.
 -- Axis of a lens, the straight line passing through its center and
perpendicular to its surfaces.
 -- Axis of a telescope or microscope, the straight line with which
coincide the axes of the several lenses which compose it.
 -- Axes of coördinates in a plane, to straight lines intersecting
each other, to which points are referred for the purpose of
determining their relative position: they are either rectangular or
oblique.
 -- Axes of coördinates in space, the three straight lines in which
the coördinate planes intersect each other.
 -- Axis of a balance, that line about which it turns.
 -- Axis of oscillation, of a pendulum, a right line passing through
the center about which it vibrates, and perpendicular to the plane of
vibration.
 -- Axis of polarization, the central line around which the prismatic
rings or curves are arranged. Brewster.
 -- Axis of revolution (Descriptive Geom.), a straight line about
which some line or plane is revolved, so that the several points of
the line or plane shall describe circles with their centers in the
fixed line, and their planes perpendicular to it, the line describing
a surface of revolution, and the plane a solid of revolution.
 -- Axis of symmetry (Geom.), any line in a plane figure which
divides the figure into two such parts that one part, when folded
over along the axis, shall coincide with the other part.
 -- Axis of the equator, ecliptic, horizon (or other circle
considered with reference to the sphere on which it lies), the
diameter of the sphere which is perpendicular to the plane of the
circle. Hutton.
 -- Axis of the Ionic capital (Arch.), a line passing perpendicularly
through the middle of the eye of the volute.
 -- Neutral axis (Mech.), the line of demarcation between the
horizontal elastic forces of tension and compression, exerted by the
fibers in any cross section of a girder.
 -- Optic axis of a crystal, the direction in which a ray of
transmitted light suffers no double refraction. All crystals, not of
the isometric system, are either uniaxial or biaxial.
 -- Optic axis, Visual axis (Opt.), the straight line passing through
the center of the pupil, and perpendicular to the surface of the eye.
 -- Radical axis of two circles (Geom.), the straight line
perpendicular to the line joining their centers and such that the
tangents from any point of it to the two circles shall be equal to
each other.
 -- Spiral axis (Arch.), the axis of a twisted column drawn spirally
in order to trace the circumvolutions without.
 -- Axis of abscissas and Axis of ordinates. See Abscissa.

AXLE
Ax"le, n. Etym: [OE. axel, exel, shoulder, AS. ; akin to AS. eax
axle, Sw. & Dan. axel shoulder, ~, G. achse axle, achsel shoulder, L.
axis axle, Gr. aksha, L. axilla shoulder joint: cf. F. essieu, axle,
OF. aissel, fr. dim. of L. axis. Axis.]

1. The pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves
with a wheel.

2. A transverse bar or shaft connecting the opposite wheels of a car
or carriage; an axletree.

3. An axis; as, the sun's axle.
Had from her axle torn The steadfast earth. Milton.

Note: Railway axles are called leading and trailing from their
position in the front or in the rear of a car or truck respectively.

AXLE BOX
Ax"le box`.

1. A bushing in the hub of a wheel, through which the axle passes.

2. The journal box of a rotating axle, especially a railway axle.

Note: In railway construction, the axle guard, or pedestal, with the
superincumbent weight, rests on the top of the box (usually with a
spring intervening), and holds it in place by flanges. The box rests
upon the journal bearing and key, which intervene between the inner
top of the box and the axle.

AXLED
Ax"led, a.

Defn: Having an axle; -- used in composition.
Merlin's agate-axled car. T. Warton.

AXLE GUARD
Ax"le guard`.

Defn: The part of the framing of a railway car or truck, by which an
axle box is held laterally, and in which it may move vertically; --
also called a jaw in the United States, and a housing in England.

AXLETREE
Ax"le*tree`, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. öxultr.]

1. A bar or beam of wood or iron, connecting the opposite wheels of a
carriage, on the ends of which the wheels revolve.

2. A spindle or axle of a wheel. [Obs.]

AXMAN
Ax"man, n.; pl. Axmen (.

Defn: One who wields an ax.

AXMINSTER
Ax"min`ster, n.

Defn: An Axminster carpet, an imitation Turkey carpet, noted for its
thick and soft pile; -- so called from Axminster, Eng.

AXMINSTER; AXMINSTER CARPET
Ax"min*ster, n., or Axminster carpet .
 (a) [More fully chenille Axminster.] A variety of Turkey carpet,
woven by machine or, when more than 27 inches wide, on a hand loom,
and consisting of strips of worsted chenille so colored as to produce
a pattern on a stout jute backing. It has a fine soft pile. So called
from Axminster, England, where it was formerly (1755 -- 1835) made.
 (b) A similar but cheaper machine-made carpet, resembling moquette
in construction and appearance, but finer and of better material.

AXOLOTL
Ax"o*lotl, n. Etym: [The native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An amphibian of the salamander tribe found in the elevated
lakes of Mexico; the siredon.

Note: When it breeds in captivity the young develop into true
salamanders of the genus Amblystoma. This also occurs naturally under
favorable conditions, in its native localities; although it commonly
lives and breeds in a larval state, with persistent external gills.
See Siredon.

AXSTONE
Ax"stone`, n. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of jade. It is used by some savages, particularly the
natives of the South Sea Islands, for making axes or hatchets.

AXTREE
Ax"tree, n.

Defn: Axle or axletree. [Obs.] Drayton.

AXUNGE
Ax"unge, n. Etym: [F. axonge, L. axungia; axis wheel + ungere to
grease.]

Defn: Fat; grease; esp. the fat of pigs or geese; usually (Pharm.),
lard prepared for medical use.

AY
Ay, interj.

Defn: Ah! alas! "Ay me! I fondly dream `Had ye been there.'" Milton.

AY
Ay, adv.

Defn: Same as Aye.

AYAH
A"yah, n. Etym: [Pg. aia, akin to Sp. aya a governess, ayo a tutor.]

Defn: A native nurse for children; also, a lady's maid. [India]

AYE; AY
Aye, Ay, adv. Etym: [Perh. a modification of yea, or from the
interjection of admiration or astonishment, OE. ei, ey, why, hey, ay,
well, ah, ha. Cf. MHG. & G. ei, Dan. ej. Or perh. akin to aye ever.]

Defn: Yes; yea; -- a word expressing assent, or an affirmative answer
to a question. It is much used in viva voce voting in legislative
bodies, etc.

Note: This word is written I in the early editions of Shakespeare and
other old writers.

AYE
Aye, n.

Defn: An affirmative vote; one who votes in the affirmative; as, "To
call for the ayes and noes;" "The ayes have it."

AYE; AY
Aye, Ay, adv. Etym: [Icel. ei, ey; akin to AS. a, awa, always, Goth.
aiws an age, Icel. æfi, OHG, , L. aevum, Gr. je, Skr. course. Age,
v., Either, a., Or, conj.]

Defn: Always; ever; continually; for an indefinite time.
For his mercies aye endure. Milton.
For aye, always; forever; eternally.

AYE-AYE
Aye"-aye`, n. Etym: [From the native name, prob. from its cry.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A singular nocturnal quadruped, allied to the lemurs, found in
Madagascar (Cheiromys Madagascariensis), remarkable for its long
fingers, sharp nails, and rodent-like incisor teeth.

AYEGREEN
Aye"green`, n. Etym: [Aye ever + green.] (Bot.)

Defn: The houseleek (Sempervivum tectorum). Halliwell.

AYEN; AYEIN; AYEINS
A*yen", A*yein", A*yeins", adv. & prep. Etym: [OE. Again.]

Defn: Again; back against. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AYENWARD
A*yen"ward, adv.

Defn: Backward. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AYLE
Ayle, n. Etym: [OE. ayel, aiel, OF. aiol, aiel, F. aïeul, a dim. of
L. avus grandfather.]

Defn: A grandfather. [Obs.] Writ of Ayle, an ancient English writ
which lay against a stranger who had dispossessed the demandant of
land of which his grandfather died seized.

AYME
Ay"me`, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ahi interj.]

Defn: The utterance of the ejaculation "Ay me !" [Obs.] See Ay,
interj. "Aymees and hearty heigh-hoes." J. Fletcher.

AYOND
A*yond", prep. & adv.

Defn: Beyond. [North of Eng.]

AYONT
A*yont", prep. & adv.

Defn: Beyond. [Scot.]

AYRIE; AYRY
A"y*rie, A"y*ry, n.

Defn: See Aerie. Drayton.

AYRSHIRE
Ayr"shire, n. (Agric.)

Defn: One of a superior breed of cattle from Ayrshire, Scotland.
Ayrshires are notable for the quantity and quality of their milk.

AYUNTAMIENTO
A*yun`ta*mi*en"to, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. OSp. ayuntar to join.]

Defn: In Spain and Spanish America, a corporation or body of
magistrates in cities and towns, corresponding to mayor and aldermen.

AZALEA
A*za"le*a, n.; pl. Azaleas. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of showy flowering shrubs, mostly natives of China or
of North America; false honeysuckle. The genus is scarcely distinct
from Rhododendron.

AZAROLE
Az"a*role, n. Etym: [F. azerole, the name of the fruit, fr. Ar. az-
zo'r: cf. It. azzeruolo, Sp. acerolo.] (Bot.)

Defn: The Neapolitan medlar (Cratægus azarolus), a shrub of southern
Europe; also, its fruit.

AZEDARACH
A*zed"a*rach, n. Etym: [F. azédarac, Sp. acederaque, Pers.
azaddirakht noble tree.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A handsome Asiatic tree (Melia azedarach), common in the
southern United States; -- called also, Pride of India, Pride of
China, and Bead tree.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The bark of the roots of the azedarach, used as a cathartic and
emetic.

AZIMUTH
Az"i*muth, n. Etym: [OE. azimut, F. azimut, fr. Ar. as-sum, pl. of
as-samt a way, or perh., a point of the horizon and a circle
extending to it from the zenith, as being the Arabic article: cf. It.
azzimutto, Pg. azimuth, and Ar. samt-al-ra's the vertex of the
heaven. Cf. Zenith.] (Astron. & Geodesy)
(a) The quadrant of an azimuth circle.
(b) An arc of the horizon intercepted between the meridian of the
place and a vertical circle passing through the center of any object;
as, the azimuth of a star; the azimuth or bearing of a line
surveying.

Note: In trigonometrical surveying, it is customary to reckon the
azimuth of a line from the south point of the horizon around by the
west from 0º to 360º. Azimuth circle, or Vertical circle, one of the
great circles of the sphere intersecting each other in the zenith and
nadir, and cutting the horizon at right angles. Hutton.
 -- Azimuth compass, a compass resembling the mariner's compass, but
having the card divided into degrees instead of rhumbs, and having
vertical sights; used for taking the magnetic azimuth of a heavenly
body, in order to find, by comparison with the true azimuth, the
variation of the needle.
 -- Azimuth dial, a dial whose stile or gnomon is at right angles to
the plane of the horizon. Hutton.
 -- Magnetic azimuth, an arc of the horizon, intercepted between the
vertical circle passing through any object and the magnetic meridian.
This is found by observing the object with an azimuth compass.

AZIMUTHAL
Az"i*muth`al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the azimuth; in a horizontal circle.
Azimuthal error of a transit instrument, its deviation in azimuth
from the plane of the meridian.

AZO-
Az"o-. Etym: [See Azote.] (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form of azote;
(a) Applied loosely to compounds having nitrogen variously combined,
as in cyanides, nitrates, etc.
(b) Now especially applied to compounds containing a two atom
nitrogen group uniting two hydrocarbon radicals, as in azobenzene,
azobenzoic, etc. These compounds furnish many artificial dyes. See
Diazo-.

AZOBENZENE
Az`o*ben"zene, n. Etym: [Azo- + benzene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A substance (C6H5.N2.C6H5) derived from nitrobenzene, forming
orange red crystals which are easily fusible.

AZOGUE
A*zo"gue, n. [Sp. See Azoth.]

Defn: Lit.: Quicksilver; hence: pl. (Mining)

Defn: Silver ores suitable for treatment by amalgamation with
mercury. [Sp. Amer.]

AZOIC
A*zo"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Destitute of any vestige of organic life, or at least of animal
life; anterior to the existence of animal life; formed when there was
no animal life on the globe; as, the azoic. rocks. Azoic age (Geol.),
the age preceding the existence of animal life, or anterior to the
paleozoic tome. Azoic is also used as a noun, age being understood.
See Archæan, and Eozoic.

AZOLE
Az"ole, n. [From Azote.] (Org. Chem.)

Defn: Any of a large class of compounds characterized by a five-
membered ring which contains an atom of nitrogen and at least one
other noncarbon atom (nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur). The prefixes furo-,
thio, and pyrro-are used to distinguish three subclasses of azoles,
which may be regarded as derived respectively from furfuran,
thiophene, and pyrrol by replacement of the CH group by nitrogen; as,
furo-monazole. Names exactly analogous to those for the azines are
also used; as, oxazole, diazole, etc.

AZOLEIC
Az`o*le"ic, a. Etym: [Azo- + oleic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to an acid produced by treating oleic with nitric
acid. [R.]

AZONIC
A*zon"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Confined to no zone or region; not local.

AZORIAN
A*zo"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Azores.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of the Azores.

AZOTE
Az"ote, n. Etym: [F. azote, fr. Gr.

Defn: Same as Nitrogen. [R.]

AZOTED
Az"ot*ed, a.

Defn: Nitrogenized; nitrogenous.

AZOTH
Az"oth, n. Etym: [LL. azoch, azoth, fr. Ar. az-zauq mercury.]
(Alchemy)
(a) The first principle of metals, i. e., mercury, which was formerly
supposed to exist in all metals, and to be extractable from them.
(b) The universal remedy of Paracelsus.

AZOTIC
A*zot"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to azote, or nitrogen; formed or consisting of
azote; nitric; as, azotic gas; azotic acid. [R.] Carpenter.

AZOTINE; AZOTIN
Az"o*tine, Az"o*tin, n. [Azote + -ine.]

1.

Defn: An explosive consisting of sodium nitrate, charcoal, sulphur,
and petroleum.

2.  = 1st Ammonite, 2.

AZOTITE
Az"o*tite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt formed by the combination of azotous, or nitrous, acid
with a base; a nitrite. [R.]

AZOTIZE
Az"o*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Azotized (p. pr. & vb. n. Azotizing (

Defn: To impregnate with azote, or nitrogen; to nitrogenize.

AZOTOMETER
Az`o*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Azote + -meter.] (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus for measuring or determining the proportion of
nitrogen; a nitrometer.

AZOTOUS
A*zo"tous, a

Defn: : Nitrous; as, azotous acid. [R.]

AZOTURIA
Az`o*tu"ri*a, n. [NL.; azote + Gr.  urine.] (Med.)

Defn: Excess of urea or other nitrogenous substances in the urine.

AZTEC
Az"tec, a.

Defn: Of or relating to one of the early races in Mexico that
inhabited the great plateau of that country at the time of the
Spanish conquest in 1519.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Aztec race or people.

AZURE
Az"ure, a. Etym: [F. & OSp. azur, Sp. azul, through Ar. from Per.
lajaward, or lajuward, lapis lazuli, a blue color, lajawardi,
lajuwardi, azure, cerulean, the initial l having been dropped,
perhaps by the influence of the Ar. azr-aq azure, blue. Cf. G. lasur,
lasurstein, azure color, azure stone, and NL. lapis lazuli.]

Defn: Sky-blue; resembling the clear blue color of the unclouded sky;
cerulean; also, cloudless. Azure stone (Min.), the lapis lazuli;
also, the lazulite.

AZURE
Az"ure, n.

1. The lapis lazuli. [Obs.]

2. The clear blue color of the sky; also, a pigment or dye of this
color. "In robes of azure." Wordsworth.

3. The blue vault above; the unclouded sky.
Not like those steps On heaven's azure. Milton.

4. (Her.)

Defn: A blue color, represented in engraving by horizontal parallel
lines.

AZURE
Az"ure, v. t.

Defn: To color blue.

AZURED
Az"ured, a.

Defn: Of an azure color; sky-blue. "The azured harebell." Shak.

AZUREOUS
A*zu"re*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of a fine blue color; azure.

AZURINE
Az"u*rine, a. Etym: [Cf. Azurn.]

Defn: Azure.

AZURINE
Az"u*rine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The blue roach of Europe (Leuciscus cæruleus); -- so called
from its color.

AZURITE
Az"u*rite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Blue carbonate of copper; blue malachite.

AZURN
Az"urn, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. azurin, asurin, LL. azurinus. See Azure,
a.]

Defn: Azure. [Obs.]
Thick set with agate, and the azurn sheen Of turkis blue, and emerald
green. Milton.

AZYGOUS
Az"y*gous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Odd; having no fellow; not one of a pair; single; as, the
azygous muscle of the uvula.

AZYM; AZYME
Az"ym, Az"yme, n. Etym: [F. azyme unleavened, L. azymus, fr. Gr.

Defn: Unleavened bread.

AZYMIC
A*zym"ic, a.

Defn: Azymous.

AZYMITE
Az"y*mite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. azymite.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who administered the Eucharist with unleavened bread; -- a
name of reproach given by those of the Greek church to the Latins.

AZYMOUS
Az"y*mous, a. Etym: [See Azym.]

Defn: Unleavened; unfermented. "Azymous bread." Dunglison.

B

Defn: is the second letter of the English alphabet. (See Guide to
Pronunciation, §§ 196,220.) It is etymologically related to p , v , f
, w and m , letters representing sounds having a close organic
affinity to its own sound; as in Eng. bursar and purser; Eng. bear
and Lat. pear; Eng. silver and Ger. silber; Lat. cubitum and It.
gomito; Eng. seven, Anglo-Saxon seofon, Ger. sieben, Lat. septem,
Gr.ptan. The form of letter B is Roman, from Greek B (Beta), of
Semitic origin. The small b was formed by gradual change from the
capital B.

Note: In Music, B is the nominal of the seventh tone in the model
major scale (the scale of C major ), or of the second tone in it's
relative minor scale (that of A minor ) . B stands for B flat, the
tone a half step , or semitone, lower than B. In German, B stands for
our B, while our B natural is called H (pronounced hä).

BA
Ba, v. i. Etym: [Cf. OF. baer to open mouth, F. baer.]

Defn: To kiss. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BAA
Baa, v. i. Etym: [Cf. G. bäen; an imitative word.]

Defn: To cry baa, or bleat as a sheep.
He treble baas for help, but none can get. Sir P. Sidney.

BAA
Baa, n.; pl. Baas. Etym: [Cf. G. bä.]

Defn: The cry or bleating of a sheep; a bleat.

BAAING
Baa"ing, n.

Defn: The bleating of a sheep. Marryat.

BAAL
Ba"al, n.; Heb. pl. Baalim (. Etym: [Heb. ba'al lord.]

1. (Myth.)

Defn: The supreme male divinity of the Phoenician and Canaanitish
nations.

Note: The name of this god occurs in the Old Testament and elsewhere
with qualifying epithets subjoined, answering to the different ideas
of his character; as, Baal-berith (the Covenant Baal), Baal-zebub
(Baal of the fly).

2. pl.

Defn: The whole class of divinities to whom the name Baal was
applied. Judges x. 6.

BAALISM
Ba"al*ism, n.

Defn: Worship of Baal; idolatry.

BAALIST; BAALITE
Ba"al*ist, Ba"al*ite, n.

Defn: A worshiper of Baal; a devotee of any false religion; an
idolater.

BAB
Bab, n. [Per.]

Defn: Lit., gate; -- a title given to the founder of Babism, and
taken from that of Bab-ud-Din, assumed by him.

BABA
Ba"ba, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A kind of plum cake.

BABBITT
Bab"bitt, v. t.

Defn: To line with Babbitt metal.

BABBITT METAL
Bab"bitt met`al. Etym: [From the inventor, Isaac Babbitt of
Massachusetts.]

Defn: A soft white alloy of variable composition (as a nine parts of
tin to one of copper, or of fifty parts of tin to five of antimony
and one of copper) used in bearings to diminish friction.

BABBLE
Bab"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Babbled (p. pr. & vb. n. Babbling.]
Etym: [Cf.LG. babbeln, D. babbelen, G. bappeln, bappern, F. babiller,
It. babbolare; prob. orig., to keep saying ba, imitative of a child
learning to talk.]

1. To utter words indistinctly or unintelligibly; to utter
inarticulate sounds; as a child babbles.

2. To talk incoherently; to utter unmeaning words.

3. To talk much; to chatter; to prate.

4. To make a continuous murmuring noise, as shallow water running
over stones.
In every babbling he finds a friend. Wordsworth.

Note: Hounds are said to babble, or to be babbling, when they are too
noisy after having found a good scent.

Syn.
 -- To prate; prattle; chatter; gossip.

BABBLE
Bab"ble, v. i.

1. To utter in an indistinct or incoherent way; to repeat,as words,
in a childish way without understanding.
These [words] he used to babble in all companies. Arbuthnot.

2. To disclose by too free talk, as a secret.

BABBLE
Bab"ble, n.

1. Idle talk; senseless prattle; gabble; twaddle. "This is mere moral
babble." Milton.

2. Inarticulate speech; constant or confused murmur.
The babble of our young children. Darwin.
The babble of the stream. Tennyson.

BABBLEMENT
Bab"ble*ment, n.

Defn: Babble. Hawthorne.

BABBLER
Bab"bler, n.

1. An idle talker; an irrational prater; a teller of secrets.
Great babblers, or talkers, are not fit for trust. L'Estrange.

2. A hound too noisy on finding a good scent.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name given to any one of family (Timalinæ) of thrushlike
birds, having a chattering note.

BABBLERY
Bab"ble*ry, n.

Defn: Babble. [Obs.] Sir T. More

BABE
Babe, n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. bab, baban, W. baban, maban.]

1. An infant; a young child of either sex; a baby.

2. A doll for children. Spenser.

BABEHOOD
Babe"hood, n.

Defn: Babyhood. [R.] Udall.

BABEL
Ba"bel, n. Etym: [Heb. Babel, the name of the capital of Babylonia;
in Genesis associated with the idea of "confusion"]

1. The city and tower in the land of Shinar, where the confusion of
languages took place.
Therefore is the name of it called Babel. Gen. xi. 9.

2. Hence: A place or scene of noise and confusion; a confused mixture
of sounds, as of voices or languages.
That babel of strange heathen languages. Hammond.
The grinding babel of the street. R. L. Stevenson.

BABERY
Bab"er*y, n. Etym: [Perh. orig. for baboonery. Cf. Baboon, and also
Babe.]

Defn: Finery of a kind to please a child. [Obs.] "Painted babery."
Sir P. Sidney.

BABIAN; BABION
Ba"bi*an, Ba"bi*on, n. Etym: [See Baboon]

Defn: A baboon. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

BABILLARD
Bab"il*lard, n. Etym: [F., a babbler.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lesser whitethroat of Europe; -- called also babbling
warbler.

BABINGTONITE
Bab"ing*ton*ite, n. Etym: [From Dr. Babbington.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in triclinic crystals approaching pyroxene
in angle, and of a greenish black color. It is a silicate of iron,
manganese, and lime.

BABIROUSSA; BABIRUSSA
Bab`i*rous"sa, Bab`i*rus"sa (, n. Etym: [F. babiroussa, fr.Malay babi
hog + r deer.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large hoglike quadruped (Sus, or Porcus, babirussa) of the
East Indies, sometimes domesticated; the Indian hog. Its upper canine
teeth or tusks are large and recurved.

BABISH
Bab"ish, a.

Defn: Like a babe; a childish; babyish. [R.] "Babish imbecility."
Drayton.
 -- Bab"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Bab"ish*ness, n. [R.]

BABISM
Bab"ism, n. Etym: [From Bab (Pers. bab a gate), the title assumed by
the founder, Mirza Ali Mohammed.]

Defn: The doctrine of a modern religious sect, which originated in
Persia in 1843, being a mixture of Mohammedan, Christian, Jewish and
Parsee elements.

BABISM; BABIISM
Bab"ism, Bab"i*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of a modern religious pantheistical sect in
Persia, which was founded, about 1844, by Mirza Ali Mohammed ibn
Rabhik (1820 -- 1850), who assumed the title of Bab-ed-Din (Per.,
Gate of the Faith). Babism is a mixture of Mohammedan, Christian,
Jewish, and Parsi elements. This doctrine forbids concubinage and
polygamy, and frees women from many of the degradations imposed upon
them among the orthodox Mohammedans. Mendicancy, the use of
intoxicating liquors and drugs, and slave dealing, are forbidden;
asceticism is discountenanced. --Bab"ist, n.

BABIST
Bab"ist, n.

Defn: A believer in Babism.

BABLAH
Bab"lah, n. Etym: [Cf. Per. bab a species of mimosa yielding gum
arabic.]

Defn: The ring of the fruit of several East Indian species of acacia;
neb-neb. It contains gallic acid and tannin, and is used for dyeing
drab.

BABOO; BABU
Ba"boo, Ba"bu, n. Etym: [Hind. bab ]

Defn: A Hindoo gentleman; native clerk who writes English; also, a
Hindoo title answering to Mr. or Esquire. Whitworth.

BABOON
Bab*oon", n. Etym: [OE. babewin, baboin, fr.F. babouin, or LL.
babewynus. Of unknown origin; cf. D. baviaan, G. pavian, baboon, F.
babin lip of ape, dogs, etc., dial. G. bäppe mouth.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Old World Quadrumana, of the genera Cynocephalus and
Papio; the dog-faced ape. Baboons have dog-like muzzles and large
canine teeth, cheek pouches, a short tail, and naked callosities on
the buttocks. They are mostly African. See Mandrill, and Chacma, and
Drill an ape.

BABOONERY
Bab*oon"ery, n.

Defn: Baboonish behavior. Marryat.

BABOONISH
Bab*oon"ish, a.

Defn: Like a baboon.

BABUL; BABOOL
Ba*bul", Ba*bool", n. [See Bablah.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several species of Acacia, esp. A. Arabica, which
yelds a gum used as a substitute for true gum arabic.

In place of Putney's golden gorse
The sickly babul blooms.
Kipling.

BABY
Ba"by, n.; pl. Babies. Etym: [Dim. of babe]

Defn: An infant or young child of either sex; a babe.

2. A small image of an infant; a doll. Babies in the eyes, the minute
reflection which one sees of one's self in the eyes of another.
She clung about his neck, gave him ten kisses, Toyed with his locks,
looked babies in his eyes. Heywood.

BABY
Ba"by, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, an infant; young or little; as,
baby swans. "Baby figure" Shak.

BABY
Ba"by, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Babied (p. pr. & vb. n.Babying.]

Defn: To treat like a young child; to keep dependent; to humor; to
fondle. Young.

BABY FARM
Ba"by farm`.

Defn: A place where the nourishment and care of babies are offered
for hire.

BABY FARMER
Ba"by farm`er.

Defn: One who keeps a baby farm.

BABY FARMING
Ba"by farm`ing.

Defn: The business of keeping a baby farm.

BABYHOOD
Ba"by*hood, n.

Defn: The state or period of infancy.

BABYHOUSE
Ba"by*house`, a.

Defn: A place for children's dolls and dolls' furniture. Swift.

BABYISH
Ba"by*ish, a.

Defn: Like a baby; childish; puerile; simple.
 -- Ba"by*ish*ly, adv.
 -- Ba"by*ish*ness, n.

BABYISM
Ba"by*ism, n.

1. The state of being a baby.

2. A babyish manner of acting or speaking.

BABY JUMPER
Ba"by jump`er.

Defn: A hoop suspended by an elastic strap, in which a young child
may be held secure while amusing itself by jumping on the floor.

BABYLONIAN
Bab`y*lo"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the real or to the mystical Babylon, or to
the ancient kingdom of Babylonia; Chaldean.

BABYLONIAN
Bab`y*lo"ni*an, n.

1. An inhabitant of Babylonia (which included Chaldea); a Chaldean.

2. An astrologer; -- so called because the Chaldeans were remarkable
for the study of astrology.

BABYLONIC; BABYLONICAL
Bab`y*lon"ic, Bab`y*lon"ic*al, a.

1. Pertaining to Babylon, or made there; as Babylonic
garments,carpets, or hangings.

2. Tumultuous; disorderly. [Obs.] Sir J. Harrington.

BABYLONISH
Bab"y*lo`nish, n.

1. Of or pertaining to, or made in, Babylon or Babylonia. "A
Babylonish garment." Josh. vii. 21.

2. Pertaining to the Babylon of Revelation xiv.8.

3. Pertaining to Rome and papal power. [Obs.]
The . . . injurious nickname of Babylonish. Gape.

4. Confused; Babel-like.

BABYROUSSA; BABYRUSSA
Bab`y*rous"sa, Bab`y*rus"sa, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Babyroussa.

BABYSHIP
Ba"by*ship, n.

Defn: The quality of being a baby; the personality of an infant.

BAC
Bac, n. Etym: [F. See Back a vat]

1. A broad, flatbottomed ferryboat, usually worked by a rope.

2. A vat or cistern. See 1st Back.

BACCALAUREATE
Bac"ca*lau"re*ate, n. Etym: [NL. baccalaureatus, fr.LL. baccalaureus
a bachelor of arts, fr. baccalarius, but as if fr L. bacca lauri
bayberry, from the practice of the bachelor's wearing a garland of
bayberries. See Bachelor.]

1. The degree of bachelor of arts. (B.A. or A.B.), the first or
lowest academical degree conferred by universities and colleges.

2. A baccalaureate sermon. [U.S.]

BACCALAUREATE
Bac`ca*lau"re*ate, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a bachelor of arts. Baccalaureate sermon, in some
American colleges, a sermon delivered as a farewell discourse to a
graduating class.

BACCARA; BACCARAT
Bac`ca*ra", Bac`ca*rat", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A French game of cards, played by a banker and punters.

BACCARE; BACKARE
Bac*ca"re, Bac*ka"re, interj.

Defn: Stand back! give place! -- a cant word of the Elizabethan
writers, probably in ridicule of some person who pretended to a
knowledge of Latin which he did not possess.
Baccare! you are marvelous forward. Shak.

BACCATE
Bac"cate, a. Etym: [L. baccatus, fr. L. bacca berry.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pulpy throughout, like a berry; -- said of fruits. Gray.

BACCATED
Bac"ca*ted, a.

1. Having many berries.

2. Set or adorned with pearls. [Obs.]

BACCHANAL
Bac"cha*nal, a. Etym: [L. Bacchanalis. See Bacchanalia.]

1. Relating to Bacchus or his festival.

2. Engaged in drunken revels; drunken and riotous or noisy.

BACCHANAL
Bac"cha*nal, n.

1. A devotee of Bacchus; one who indulges in drunken revels; one who
is noisy and riotous when intoxicated; a carouser. "Tipsy
bacchanals." Shak.

2. pl.

Defn: The festival of Bacchus; the bacchanalia.

3. Drunken revelry; an orgy.

4. A song or dance in honor of Bacchus.

BACCHANALIA
Bac`cha*na"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [L. Bacchanal a place devoted to
Bacchus; in the pl. Bacchanalia a feast of Bacchus, fr. Bacchus the
god of wine, Gr.

1. (Myth.)

Defn: A feast or an orgy in honor of Bacchus.

2. Hence: A drunken feast; drunken reveler.

BACCHANALIAN
Bac`cha*na"li*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the festival of Bacchus; relating to or
given to reveling and drunkenness.
Even bacchanalian madness has its charms. Cowper.

BACCHANALIAN
Bac`cha*na"li*an, n.

Defn: A bacchanal; a drunken reveler.

BACCHANALIANISM
Bac`cha*na"li*an*ism, n.

Defn: The practice of bacchanalians; bacchanals; drunken revelry.

BACCHANT
Bac"chant, n.; pl. E. Bacchants, L. Bacchantes. Etym: [L. bacchans, -
antis, p. pr. of bacchari to celebrate the festival of Bacchus.]

1. A priest of Bacchus.

2. A bacchanal; a reveler. Croly.

BACCHANT
Bac"chant, a.

Defn: Bacchanalian; fond of drunken revelry; wine-loving; reveling;
carousing. Byron.

BACCHANTE
Bac"chante, n.; L. pl. Bacchantes.

1. A priestess of Bacchus.

2. A female bacchanal.

BACCHANTIC
Bac*chan"tic, a.

Defn: Bacchanalian.

BACCHIC; BACCHICAL
Bac"chic, Bac"chic*al, a. Etym: [L. Bacchicus, Gr.

Defn: Of or relating to Bacchus; hence, jovial, or riotous,with
intoxication.

BACCHIUS
Bac*chi"us, n.; pl. Bacchii. Etym: [L. Bacchius pes, Gr. (Pros.)

Defn: A metrical foot composed of a short syllable and two long ones;
according to some, two long and a short.

BACCHUS
Bac"chus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Myth.)

Defn: The god of wine, son of Jupiter and Semele.

BACCIFEROUS
Bac*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. baccifer; bacca berry + ferre to bear]

Defn: Producing berries. " Bacciferous trees." Ray.

BACCIFORM
Bac"ci*form, a. Etym: [L. bacca berry + -form. ]

Defn: Having the form of a berry.

BACCIVOROUS
Bac*civ"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. bacca berry + varare to devour.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Eating, or subsisting on, berries; as, baccivorous birds.

BACE
Bace, n., a., & v.

Defn: See Base. [Obs.] Spenser.

BACHARACH; BACKARACK
Bach"a*rach, Back"a*rack, n.

Defn: A kind of wine made at Bacharach on the Rhine.

BACHELOR
Bach"e*lor, n. Etym: [OF. bacheler young man, F. bachelier (cf.Pr.
bacalar, Sp.bachiller, Pg. bacharel, It. baccalare), LL. baccalarius
the tenant of a kind of farm called baccalaria, a soldier not old or
rich enough to lead his retainers into battle with a banner, person
of an inferior academical degree aspiring to a doctorate. In the
latter sense, it was afterward changed to baccalaureus. See
Baccalaureate, n.]

1. A man of any age who has not been married.
As merry and mellow an old bachelor as ever followed a hound. W.
Irving.

2. An unmarried woman. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. A person who has taken the first or lowest degree in the liberal
arts, or in some branch of science, at a college or university; as, a
bachelor of arts.

4. A knight who had no standard of his own, but fought under the
standard of another in the field; often, a young knight.

5. In the companies of London tradesmen, one not yet admitted to wear
the livery; a junior member. [Obs.]

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of bass, an edible fresh-water fish (Pomoxys annularis)
of the southern United States.

BACHELORDOM
Bach"e*lor*dom, n.

Defn: The state of bachelorhood; the whole body of bachelors.

BACHELORHOOD
Bach"e*lor*hood, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being a bachelor; bachelorship.

BACHELORISM
Bach"e*lor*ism, n.

Defn: Bachelorhood; also, a manner or peculiarity belonging to
bachelors. W. Irving.

BACHELOR'S BUTTON
Bach"e*lor's but"ton

Defn: , (Bot.) A plant with flowers shaped like buttons; especially,
several species of Ranunculus, and the cornflower (Centaures cyanus)
and globe amaranth (Gomphrena).

Note: Bachelor's buttons, a name given to several flowers "from their
similitude to the jagged cloathe buttons, anciently worne in this
kingdom", according to Johnson's Gerarde, p.472 (1633); but by other
writers ascribed to "a habit of country fellows to carry them in
their pockets to divine their success with their sweethearts." Dr.
Prior.

BACHELORSHIP
Bach"e*lor*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a bachelor.

BACHELRY
Bach"el*ry, n. Etym: [OF. bachelerie.]

Defn: The body of young aspirants for knighthood. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BACILLAR
Ba*cil"lar, a. Etym: [L. bacillum little staff.] (Biol.)

Defn: Shaped like a rod or staff.

BACILLARIAE
Bac"il*la`ri*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr.L. bacillum, dim. of baculum
stick.] (Biol.)

Defn: See Diatom.

BACILLARY
Bac"il*la*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to little rods; rod-shaped.

BACILLIFORM
Ba*cil"li*form, a. Etym: [L. bacillum little staff + -form.]

Defn: Rod-shaped.

BACILLUS
Ba*cil"lus, n.; pl. Bacilli (. Etym: [NL., for L. bacillum. See
Bacillarle.] (Biol.)

Defn: A variety of bacterium; a microscopic, rod-shaped vegetable
organism.

BACK
Back, n. Etym: [F. bac: cf. Arm. bak tray, bowl.]

1. A large shallow vat; a cistern, tub, or trough, used by brewers,
distillers, dyers, picklers, gluemakers, and others, for mixing or
cooling wort, holding water, hot glue, etc. Hop back, Jack back, the
cistern which receives the infusion of malt and hops from the copper.
 -- Wash back, a vat in which distillers ferment the wort to form
wash.
 -- Water back, a cistern to hold a supply of water; esp. a small
cistern at the back of a stove, or a group of pipes set in the fire
box of a stove or furnace, through which water circulates and is
heated.

2. A ferryboat. See Bac, 1

BACK
Back, n. Etym: [As bæc, bac; akin to Icel., Sw., & LG. bak, Dan. bag;
cf. OHG. bahho ham, Skr. bhaj to turn, OSlav. b flight. Cf. Bacon.]

1. In human beings, the hinder part of the body, extending from the
neck to the end of the spine; in other animals, that part of the body
which corresponds most nearly to such part of a human being; as, the
back of a horse, fish, or lobster.

2. An extended upper part, as of a mountain or ridge.
[The mountains] their broad bare backs upheave Into the clouds.
Milton.

3. The outward or upper part of a thing, as opposed to the inner or
lower part; as, the back of the hand, the back of the foot, the back
of a hand rail.
Methought Love pitying me, when he saw this, Gave me your hands, the
backs and palms to kiss. Donne.

4. The part opposed to the front; the hinder or rear part of a thing;
as, the back of a book; the back of an army; the back of a chimney.

5. The part opposite to, or most remote from, that which fronts the
speaker or actor; or the part out of sight, or not generally seen;
as, the back of an island, of a hill, or of a village.

6. The part of a cutting tool on the opposite side from its edge; as,
the back of a knife, or of a saw.

7. A support or resource in reserve.
This project Should have a back or second, that might hold, If this
should blast in proof. Shak.

8. (Naut.)

Defn: The keel and keelson of a ship.

9. (Mining)

Defn: The upper part of a lode, or the roof of a horizontal
underground passage.

10. A garment for the back; hence, clothing.
A bak to walken inne by daylight. Chaucer.
Behind one's back, when one is absent; without one's knowledge; as,
to ridicule a person behind his back.
 -- Full back, Half back, Quarter back (Football), players stationed
behind those in the front line.
 -- To be or lie on one's back, to be helpless.
 -- To put, or get, one's back up, to assume an attitude of obstinate
resistance (from the action of a cat when attacked.). [Colloq.] -- To
see the back of, to get rid of.
 -- To turn the back, to go away; to flee.
 -- To turn the back on one, to forsake or neglect him.

BACK
Back, a.

1. Being at the back or in the rear; distant; remote; as, the back
door; back settlements.

2. Being in arrear; overdue; as, back rent.

3. Moving or operating backward; as, back action. Back charges,
charges brought forward after an account has been made up.
 -- Back filling (Arch.), the mass of materials used in filling up
the space between two walls, or between the inner and outer faces of
a wall, or upon the haunches of an arch or vault.
 -- Back pressure. (Steam Engine) See under Pressure.
 -- Back rest, a guide attached to the slide rest of a lathe, and
placed in contact with the work, to steady it in turning.
 -- Back slang, a kind of slang in which every word is written or
pronounced backwards; as, nam for man.
 -- Back stairs, stairs in the back part of a house; private stairs.
Also used adjectively. See Back stairs, Backstairs, and Backstair, in
the Vocabulary.
 -- Back step (Mil.), the retrograde movement of a man or body of
men, without changing front.
 -- Back stream, a current running against the main current of a
stream; an eddy.
 -- To take the back track, to retrace one's steps; to retreat.
[Colloq.]

BACK
Back, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Backed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Backing.]

1. To get upon the back of; to mount.
I will back him [a horse] straight. Shak.

2. To place or seat upon the back. [R.]
Great Jupiter, upon his eagle backed, Appeared to me. Shak.

3. To drive or force backward; to cause to retreat or recede; as, to
back oxen.

4. To make a back for; to furnish with a back; as, to back books.

5. To adjoin behind; to be at the back of.
A garden . . . with a vineyard backed. Shak.
The chalk cliffs which back the beach. Huxley.

6. To write upon the back of; as, to back a letter; to indorse; as,
to back a note or legal document.

7. To support; to maintain; to second or strengthen by aid or
influence; as, to back a friend. "Parliament would be backed by the
people." Macaulay.
Have still found it necessary to back and fortify their laws with
rewards and punishments. South.
The mate backed the captain manfully. Blackw. Mag.

8. To bet on the success of; -- as, to back a race horse. To back an
anchor (Naut.), to lay down a small anchor ahead of a large one, the
cable of the small one being fastened to the crown of the large one.
 -- To back the field, in horse racing, to bet against a particular
horse or horses, that some one of all the other horses, collectively
designated "the field", will win.
 -- To back the oars, to row backward with the oars.
 -- To back a rope, to put on a preventer.
 -- To back the sails, to arrange them so as to cause the ship to
move astern.
 -- To back up, to support; to sustain; as, to back up one's friends.
 -- To back a warrant (Law), is for a justice of the peace, in the
county where the warrant is to be executed, to sign or indorse a
warrant, issued in another county, to apprehend an offender.
 -- To back water (Naut.), to reverse the action of the oars,
paddles, or propeller, so as to force the boat or ship backward.

BACK
Back, v. i.

1. To move or go backward; as, the horse refuses to back.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To change from one quarter to another by a course opposite to
that of the sun; -- used of the wind.

3. (Sporting)

Defn: To stand still behind another dog which has poined; -- said of
a dog. [Eng.] To back and fill, to manage the sails of a ship so that
the wind strikes them alternately in front and behind, in order to
keep the ship in the middle of a river or channel while the current
or tide carries the vessel against the wind. Hence: (Fig.) To take
opposite positions alternately; to assert and deny. [Colloq.] -- To
back out, To back down, to retreat or withdraw from a promise,
engagement, or contest; to recede. [Colloq.]
Cleon at first . . . was willing to go; but, finding that he [Nicias]
was in earnest, he tried to back out. Jowett (Thucyd. )

BACK
Back, adv. Etym: [Shortened from aback.]

1. In, to, or toward, the rear; as, to stand back; to step back.

2. To the place from which one came; to the place or person from
which something is taken or derived; as, to go back for something
left behind; to go back to one's native place; to put a book back
after reading it.

3. To a former state, condition, or station; as, to go back to
private life; to go back to barbarism.

4. ( Of time) In times past; ago. "Sixty or seventy years back."
Gladstone.

5. Away from contact; by reverse movement.
The angel of the Lord . . . came, and rolled back the stone from the
door. Matt. xxvii. 2.

6. In concealment or reserve; in one's own possession; as, to keep
back the truth; to keep back part of the money due to another.

7. In a state of restraint or hindrance.
The Lord hath kept thee back from honor. Numb. xxiv. 11.

8. In return, repayment, or requital.
What have I to give you back! Shak.

9. In withdrawal from a statement, promise, or undertaking; as, he
took back0 the offensive words.

10. In arrear; as, to be back in one's rent. [Colloq.] Back and
forth, backwards and forwards; to and fro.
 -- To go back on, to turn back from; to abandon; to betray; as, to
go back on a friend; to go back on one's professions. [Colloq.]

BACKARACK
Back"a*rack, n.

Defn: See Bacharach.

BACKARE
Bac*ka"re, interj.

Defn: Same as Baccare.

BACKBAND
Back"band`, n. Etym: [2nd back ,n.+ band.] (Saddlery)

Defn: The band which passes over the back of a horse and holds up the
shafts of a carriage.

BACKBITE
Back"bite`, v. i. Etym: [2nd back, n., + bite]

Defn: To wound by clandestine detraction; to censure meanly or
spitefully (as absent person); to slander or speak evil of (one
absent). Spenser.

BACKBITE
Back"bite`, v. i.

Defn: To censure or revile the absent.
They are arrant knaves, and will backbite. Shak.

BACKBITER
Back"bit`er, n.

Defn: One who backbites; a secret calumniator or detractor.

BACKBITING
Back"bit`ing, n.

Defn: Secret slander; detraction.
Backbiting, and bearing of false witness. Piers Plowman.

BACKBOARD
Back"board`, n. Etym: [2nd back, n. + board.]

1. A board which supports the back wen one is sitting;

Note: specifically, the board athwart the after part of a boat.

2. A board serving as the back part of anything, as of a wagon.

3. A thin stuff used for the backs of framed pictures, mirrors, etc.

4. A board attached to the rim of a water wheel to prevent the water
from running off the floats or paddies into the interior of the
wheel. W. Nicholson.

5. A board worn across the back to give erectness to the figure.
Thackeray.

BACKBOND
Back"bond`, n. Etym: [Back, adv. + bond.] (Scots Law)

Defn: An instrument which, in conjunction with another making an
absolute disposition, constitutes a trust.

BACKBONE
Back"bone", n. Etym: [2d back,n.+ bone. ]

1. The column of bones in the back which sustains and gives firmness
to the frame; the spine; the vertebral or spinal column.

2. Anything like , or serving the purpose of, a backbone.
The lofty mountains on the north side compose the granitic axis, or
backbone of the country. Darwin.
We have now come to the backbone of our subject. Earle.

3. Firmness; moral principle; steadfastness.
Shelley's thought never had any backbone. Shairp.
To the backbone, through and through; thoroughly; entirely. "Staunch
to the backbone." Lord Lytton.

BACKBONED
Back"boned", a.

Defn: Vertebrate.

BACKCAST
Back"cast`, n. Etym: [Back, adv.+ cast.]

Defn: Anything which brings misfortune upon one, or causes failure in
an effort or enterprise; a reverse. [Scot.]

BACK DOOR
Back" door".

Defn: A door in the back part of a building; hence, an indirect way.
Atterbury.

BACKDOOR
Back"door", a.

Defn: Acting from behind and in concealment; as backdoor intrigues.

BACKDOWN
Back"down`, n.

Defn: A receding or giving up; a complete surrender. [Colloq.]

BACKED
Backed, a.

Defn: Having a back; fitted with a back; as, a backed electrotype or
stereotype plate. Used in composition; as, broad- backed; hump-
backed.

BACKER
Back"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, backs; especially one who backs a
person or thing in a contest.

BACKFALL
Back"fall`, n. Etym: [2nd back ,n. + fall]

Defn: A fall or throw on the back in wrestling.

BACK FIRE
Back fire.
 (a) A fire started ahead of a forest or prairie fire to burn only
against the wind, so that when the two fires meet both must go out
for lack of fuel.
 (b) A premature explosion in the cylinder of a gas or oil engine
during the exhaust or the compression stroke, tending to drive the
piston in a direction reverse to that in which it should travel;
also, an explosion in the exhaust passages of such ah engine.

BACK-FIRE
Back"-fire`, v. i.

1. (Engin.)

Defn: To have or experience a back fire or back fires; -- said of an
internal-combustion engine.

2.  Of a Bunsen or similar air-fed burner, to light so that the flame
proceeds from the internal gas jet instead of from the external jet
of mixed gas and air. -- Back"-fir`ing, n.

BACKFRIEND
Back"friend`, n. Etym: [Back,n.or adv. + friend]

Defn: A secret enemy. [Obs.] South.

BACKGAMMON
Back"gam`mon, n. Etym: [Origin unknown; perhaps fr.Dan. bakke tray +
E. game; or very likely the first part is from E.back, adv., and the
game is so called because the men are often set back.]

Defn: A game of chance and skill, played by two persons on a "board"
marked off into twenty-four spaces called "points". Each player has
fifteen pieces, or "men", the movements of which from point to point
are determined by throwing dice. Formerly called tables. Backgammon
board , a board for playing backgammon, often made in the form of two
rectangular trays hinged together, each tray containing two "tables".

BACKGAMMON
Back"gam`mon, v. i.

Defn: In the game of backgammon, to beat by ending the game before
the loser is clear of his first "table".

BACKGROUND
Back"ground`, n. Etym: [Back, a. + ground.]

1. Ground in the rear or behind, or in the distance, as opposed to
the foreground, or the ground in front.

2. (Paint.)

Defn: The space which is behind and subordinate to a portrait or
group of figures.

Note: The distance in a picture is usually divided into foreground,
middle distance, and background. Fairholt.

3. Anything behind, serving as a foil; as, the statue had a
background of red hangings.

4. A place in obscurity or retirement, or out of sight.
I fancy there was a background of grinding and waiting before Miss
Torry could produce this highly finished . . . performance. Mrs.
Alexander.
A husband somewhere in the background. Thackeray.

BACKHAND
Back"hand`, n. Etym: [Back, adv. + hand.]

Defn: A kind of handwriting in which the downward slope of the
letters is from left to right.

BACKHAND
Back"hand`, a.

1. Sloping from left to right; -- said of handwriting.

2. Backhanded; indirect; oblique. [R.]

BACKHANDED
Back"hand`ed, a.

1. With the hand turned backward; as, a backhanded blow.

2. Indirect; awkward; insincere; sarcastic; as, a backhanded
compliment.

3. Turned back, or inclining to the left; as, a backhanded letters.

BACKHANDEDNESS
Back"hand`ed*ness, n.

Defn: State of being backhanded; the using of backhanded or indirect
methods.

BACKHANDER
Back"hand`er, n.

Defn: A backhanded blow.

BACKHEEL
Back"heel`, n. (Wrestling)

Defn: A method of tripping by getting the leg back of the opponent's
heel on the outside and pulling forward while pushing his body back;
a throw made in this way. -- v. t.

Defn: To trip (a person) in this way.

BACKHOUSE
Back"house`, n. Etym: [Back, a. + house.]

Defn: A building behind the main building. Specifically: A privy; a
necessary.

BACKING
Back"ing, n.

1. The act of moving backward, or of putting or moving anything
backward.

2. That which is behind, and forms the back of, anything, usually
giving strength or stability.

3. Support or aid given to a person or cause.

4. (Bookbinding)

Defn: The preparation of the back of a book with glue, etc., before
putting on the cover.

BACKJOINT
Back"joint`, n. Etym: [Back , a. or adv. + joint.] (Arch.)

Defn: A rebate or chase in masonry left to receive a permanent slab
or other filling.

BACKLASH
Back"lash`, n. Etym: [Back , adv. + lash.] (Mech.)

Defn: The distance through which one part of connected machinery, as
a wheel, piston, or screw, can be moved without moving the connected
parts, resulting from looseness in fitting or from wear; also, the
jarring or reflex motion caused in badly fitting machinery by
irregularities in velocity or a reverse of motion.

BACKLESS
Back"less, a.

Defn: Without a back.

BACKLOG
Back"log`, n. Etym: [Back, a. + log.]

Defn: A large stick of wood, forming the of a fire on the hearth.
[U.S.]
There was first a backlog, from fifteen to four and twenty inches in
diameter and five feet long, imbedded in the ashes. S. G. Goodrich.

BACKPIECE; BACKPLATE
Back"piece`, Back"plate`, n. Etym: [Back,n.or a. + piece, plate. ]

Defn: A piece, or plate which forms the back of anything, or which
covers the back; armor for the back.

BACKRACK; BACKRAG
Back"rack, Back"rag, n.

Defn: See Bacharach.

BACKS
Backs, n. pl.

Defn: Among leather dealers, the thickest and stoutest tanned hides.

BACKSAW
Back"saw`, n. Etym: [2d back,n.+ saw.]

Defn: A saw (as a tenon saw) whose blade is stiffened by an added
metallic back.

BACKSET
Back"set`, n. Etym: [Back, adv. + set.]

1. A check; a relapse; a discouragement; a setback.

2. Whatever is thrown back in its course, as water.
Slackwater, or the backset caused by the overflow. Harper's Mag.

BACKSET
Back"set`, v. i.

Defn: To plow again, in the fall; -- said of prairie land broken up
in the spring. [Western U.S.]

BACKSETTLER
Back"set"tler, n. Etym: [Back, a. + settler.]

Defn: One living in the back or outlying districts of a community.
The English backsettlers of Leinster and Munster. Macaulay.

BACKSHEESH; BACKSHISH
Back"sheesh`, Back"shish`, n. Etym: [Pers. bakhshish, fr. bakhshidan
to give.]

Defn: In Egypt and the Turkish empire, a gratuity; a "tip".

BACKSIDE
Back"side`, n. Etym: [Back, a. + side. ]

Defn: The hinder part, posteriors, or rump of a person or animal.

Note: Backside (one word) was formerly used of the rear part or side
of any thing or place, but in such senses is now two words.

BACKSIGHT
Back"sight`, n. Etym: [Back, adv. + sight. ] (Surv.)

Defn: The reading of the leveling staff in its unchanged position
when the leveling instrument has been taken to a new position; a
sight directed backwards to a station previously occupied. Cf.
Foresight, n., 3.

BACKSLIDE
Back`slide", v. i. [imp. Backslid; p.p. Backslidden, Backslid; p. pr.
& vb. n. Backsliding. ] Etym: [Back , adv.+ slide.]

Defn: To slide back; to fall away; esp. to abandon gradually the
faith and practice of a religion that has been professed.

BACKSLIDER
Back"slid"er, n.

Defn: One who backslides.

BACKSLIDING
Back"slid"ing, a.

Defn: Slipping back; falling back into sin or error; sinning.
Turn, O backsliding children, saith the Lord. Jer. iii. 14.

BACKSLIDING
Back"slid"ing, n.

Defn: The act of one who backslides; abandonment of faith or duty.
Our backslidings are many. Jer. xiv. 7.

BACKSTAFF
Back"staff`, n.

Defn: An instrument formerly used for taking the altitude of the
heavenly bodies, but now superseded by the quadrant and sextant; --
so called because the observer turned his back to the body observed.

BACK STAIRS
Back" stairs`.

Defn: Stairs in the back part of a house, as distinguished from the
front stairs; hence, a private or indirect way.

BACKSTAIRS; BACKSTAIR
Back"stairs`, Back"stair`, a.

Defn: Private; indirect; secret; intriguing; as if finding access by
the back stairs.
A backstairs influence. Burke.
Female caprice and backstairs influence. Trevelyan.

BACKSTAY
Back"stay`, n. Etym: [Back, a. orn.+ stay.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope or stay extending from the masthead to the side of a
ship, slanting a little aft, to assist the shrouds in supporting the
mast. [ Often used in the plural.]

2. A rope or strap used to prevent excessive forward motion.

BACKSTER
Back"ster, n. Etym: [See Baxter.]

Defn: A backer. [Obs.]

BACKSTITCH
Back"stitch`, n. Etym: [Back, adv. + stitch.]

Defn: A stitch made by setting the needle back of the end of the last
stitch, and bringing it out in front of the end.

BACKSTITCH
Back"stitch`, v. i.

Defn: To sew with backstitches; as, to backstitch a seam.

BACKSTOP
Back"stop`, n.

1. In baseball, a fence, prop. at least 90 feet behind the home base,
to stop the balls that pass the catcher; also, the catcher himself.

2.  In rounders, the player who stands immediately behind the
striking base.

3.  In cricket, the longstop; also, the wicket keeper.

BACKSTRESS
Back"stress, n.

Defn: A female baker. [Obs.]

BACKSWORD
Back"sword`, n. Etym: [2d back,n.+ sword.]

1. A sword with one sharp edge.

2. In England, a stick with a basket handle, used in rustic
amusements; also, the game in which the stick is used. Also called
singlestick. Halliwell.

BACKWARD; BACKWARDS
Back"ward, Back"wards, adv. Etym: [Back, adv. + -ward.]

1. With the back in advance or foremost; as, to ride backward.

2. Toward the back; toward the rear; as, to throw the arms backward.

3. On the back, or with the back downward.
Thou wilt fall backward. Shak.

4. Toward, or in, past time or events; ago.
Some reigns backward. Locke.

5. By way of reflection; reflexively. Sir J. Davies.

6. From a better to a worse state, as from honor to shame, from
religion to sin.
The work went backward. Dryden.

7. In a contrary or reverse manner, way, or direction; contrarily;
as, to read backwards.
We might have . . . beat them backward home. Shak.

BACKWARD
Back"ward, a.

1. Directed to the back or rear; as, backward glances.

2. Unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating; loath.
For wiser brutes were backward to be slaves. Pope.

3. Not well advanced in learning; not quick of apprehension; dull;
inapt; as, a backward child. "The backward learner." South.

4. Late or behindhand; as, a backward season.

5. Not advanced in civilization; undeveloped; as, the country or
region is in a backward state.

6. Already past or gone; bygone. [R.]
And flies unconscious o'er each backward year. Byron.

BACKWARD
Back"ward, n.

Defn: The state behind or past. [Obs.]
In the dark backward and abysm of time. Shak.

BACKWARD
Back"ward, v. i.

Defn: To keep back; to hinder. [Obs.]

BACKWARDATION
Back`war*da"tion, n. Etym: [Backward, v.i.+ -ation.] (Stock Exchange)

Defn: The seller's postponement of delivery of stock or shares, with
the consent of the buyer, upon payment of a premium to the latter; --
also, the premium so paid. See Contango. Biddle.

BACKWARDLY
Back"ward*ly, adv.

1. Reluctantly; slowly; aversely. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

2. Perversely; ill.[Obs.]
And does he think so backwardly of me Shak.

BACKWARDNESS
Back"ward*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being backward.

BACKWASH
Back"wash`, v. i.

Defn: To clean the oil from (wood) after combing.

BACKWATER
Back"wa`ter, n. Etym: [Back, a. or adv. + -ward. ]

1. Water turned back in its course by an obstruction, an opposing
current , or the flow of the tide, as in a sewer or river channel, or
across a river bar.

2. An accumulation of water overflowing the low lands, caused by an
obstruction.

3. Water thrown back by the turning of a waterwheel, or by the paddle
wheels of a steamer.

BACKWOODS
Back"woods", n. pl. Etym: [Back, a. + woods.]

Defn: The forests or partly cleared grounds on the frontiers.

BACKWOODSMAN
Back"woods"man, n.; pl. Backwoodsmen (.

Defn: A men living in the forest in or beyond the new settlements,
especially on the western frontiers of the older portions of the
United States. Fisher Ames.

BACKWORM
Back"worm`, n. Etym: [2d back,n.+ worm. ]

Defn: A disease of hawks. See Filanders. Wright.

BACON
Ba"con, n. Etym: [OF. bacon, fr. OHG. bacho, bahho, flitch of bacon,
ham; akin to E. back. Cf. Back the back side.]

Defn: The back and sides of a pig salted and smoked; formerly, the
flesh of a pig salted or fresh. Bacon beetle (Zoöl.), a beetle
(Dermestes lardarius) which, especially in the larval state, feeds
upon bacon, woolens, furs, etc. See Dermestes.
 -- To save one's bacon, to save one's self or property from harm or
less. [Colloq.]

BACONIAN
Ba*co"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Lord Bacon, or to his system of philosophy.
Baconian method, the inductive method. See Induction.

BACTERIA
Bac*te"ri*a, n.p.

Defn: See Bacterium.

BACTERIAL
Bac*te"ri*al, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to bacteria.

BACTERICIDAL
Bac*te"ri*ci`dal, a.

Defn: Destructive of bacteria.

BACTERICIDE
Bac*te"ri*cide, n. Etym: [Bacterium + L. caedere to kill] (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Germicide.

BACTERIN
Bac"te*rin, n. (Med.)

Defn: A bacterial vaccine.

BACTERIOLOGICAL
Bac*te"ri*o*log`ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to bacteriology; as, bacteriological studies.

BACTERIOLOGIST
Bac*te"ri*ol`o*gist, n.

Defn: One skilled in bacteriology.

BACTERIOLOGY
Bac*te"ri*ol`o*gy, n. Etym: [Bacterium + -logy. ] (Biol.)

Defn: The science relating to bacteria.

BACTERIOLYSIS
Bac*te`ri*ol"y*sis, n. [NL.; fr. Gr. , , a staff +  a loosing.]

1. Chemical decomposition brought about by bacteria without the
addition of oxygen.

2.  The destruction or dissolution of bacterial cells. --
Bac*te`ri*o*lyt"ic (#), a.

BACTERIOSCOPIC
Bac*te`ri*o*scop"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to bacterioscopy; as, a bacterioscopic examination.

BACTERIOSCOPIST
Bac*te`ri*os"co*pist, n. (Biol.)

Defn: One skilled in bacterioscopic examinations.

BACTERIOSCOPY
Bac*te`ri*os"co*py, n. Etym: [Bacterium + -scopy ] (Biol.)

Defn: The application of a knowledge of bacteria for their detection
and identification, as in the examination of polluted water.

BACTERIUM
Bac*te"ri*um, n.; pl. Bacteria. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr., , a staff: cf.
F. bactérie. ] (Biol.)

Defn: A microscopic vegetable organism, belonging to the class Algæ,
usually in the form of a jointed rodlike filament, and found in
putrefying organic infusions. Bacteria are destitute of chlorophyll,
and are the smallest of microscopic organisms. They are very widely
diffused in nature, and multiply with marvelous rapidity, both by
fission and by spores. Certain species are active agents in
fermentation, while others appear to be the cause of certain
infectious diseases. See Bacillus.

BACTEROID; BACTEROIDAL
Bac"te*roid, Bac`te*roid"al, a. Etym: [Bacterium + -oid.] (Biol.)

Defn: Resembling bacteria; as, bacteroid particles.

BACTRIAN
Bac"tri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Bactria in Asia.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Bactria. Bactrian camel, the two-humped camel.

BACULE
Bac"ule, n. Etym: [F.] (Fort.)

Defn: See Bascule.

BACULINE
Bac"u*line, a. Etym: [L. baculum staff.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the rod or punishment with the rod.

BACULITE
Bac"u*lite, n. Etym: [L. baculune stick, staff; cf. F. baculite.]
(Paleon.)

Defn: A cephalopod of the extinct genus Baculites, found fossil in
the Cretaceous rocks. It is like an uncoiled ammonite.

BACULOMETRY
Bac`u*lom"e*try, n. Etym: [L. baculum staff + -metry]

Defn: Measurement of distance or altitude by a staff or staffs.

BAD
Bad, imp.

Defn: of Bid. Bade. [Obs.] Dryden.

BAD
Bad, a. [Compar. Worse; superl. Worst. ] Etym: [Probably fr. AS.
bæddel hermaphrodite; cf. bædling effeminate fellow.]

Defn: Wanting good qualities, whether physical or moral; injurious,
hurtful, inconvenient, offensive, painful, unfavorable, or defective,
either physically or morally; evil; vicious; wicked; -- the opposite
of good; as a bad man; bad conduct; bad habits; bad soil; bad health;
bad crop; bad news.

Note: Sometimes used substantively.
The strong antipathy of good to bad. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Pernicious; deleterious; noxious; baneful; injurious; hurtful;
evil; vile; wretched; corrupt; wicked; vicious; imperfect.

BADAUD
Ba`daud", n. [F.]

Defn: A person given to idle observation of everything, with wonder
or astonishment; a credulous or gossipy idler.

A host of stories . . . dealing chiefly with the subject of his great
wealth, an ever delightful topic to the badauds of Paris.
Pall Mall Mag.

BADDER
Bad"der,

Defn: compar. of Bad, a. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BADDERLOCKS
Bad"der*locks, n. Etym: [Perh. for Balderlocks, fr. Balder the
Scandinavian deity.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large black seaweed (Alaria esculenta) sometimes eaten in
Europe; -- also called murlins, honeyware, and henware.

BADDISH
Bad"dish, a.

Defn: Somewhat bad; inferior. Jeffrey.

BADE
Bade.

Defn: A form of the pat tense of Bid.

BADGE
Badge, n. Etym: [LL. bagea, bagia, sign, prob. of German origin; cf.
AS. beág, beáh, bracelet, collar, crown, OS b in comp., AS. b to bow,
bend, G. biegen. See Bow to bend.]

1. A distinctive mark, token, sign, or cognizance, worn on the
person; as, the badge of a society; the badge of a policeman. "Tax
gatherers, recognized by their official badges. " Prescott.

2. Something characteristic; a mark; a token.
Sweet mercy is nobility's true badge. Shak.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A carved ornament on the stern of a vessel, containing a window
or the representation of one.

BADGE
Badge, v. t.

Defn: To mark or distinguish with a badge.

BADGELESS
Badge"less, a.

Defn: Having no badge. Bp. Hall.

BADGER
Badg"er, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin; perh. fr. an old verb badge
to lay up provisions to sell again.]

Defn: An itinerant licensed dealer in commodities used for food; a
hawker; a huckster; -- formerly applied especially to one who bought
grain in one place and sold it in another. [Now dialectic, Eng.]

BADGER
Badg"er, n. Etym: [OE. bageard, prob. fr. badge + -ard, in reference
to the white mark on its forehead. See Badge,n.]

1. A carnivorous quadruped of the genus Meles or of an allied genus.
It is a burrowing animal, with short, thick legs, and long claws on
the fore feet. One species (M. vulgaris), called also brock, inhabits
the north of Europe and Asia; another species (Taxidea Americana or
Labradorica) inhabits the northern parts of North America. See
Teledu.

2. A brush made of badgers' hair, used by artists. Badger dog.
(Zoöl.) See Dachshund.

BADGER
Badg"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Badgered (p. pr. & vb. n. Badgering.]
Etym: [For sense 1, see 2d Badger; for 2, see 1st Badger.]

1. To tease or annoy, as a badger when baited; to worry or irritate
persistently.

2. To beat down; to cheapen; to barter; to bargain.

BADGERER
Badg"er*er, n.

1. One who badgers.

2. A kind of dog used in badger baiting.

BADGER GAME
Badg"er game.

Defn: The method of blackmailing by decoying a person into a
compromising situation and extorting money by threats of exposure.
[Cant]

BADGERING
Badg"er*ing, n.

1. The act of one who badgers.

2. The practice of buying wheat and other kinds of food in one place
and selling them in another for a profit. [Prov. Eng.]

BADGER-LEGGED
Badg"er-legged`, a.

Defn: Having legs of unequal length, as the badger was thought to
have. Shak.

BADGER STATE
Badger State.

Defn: Wisconsin; -- a nickname.

BADIAGA
Bad`i*a"ga, n. Etym: [Russ. badiaga.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fresh-water sponge (Spongilla), common in the north of
Europe, the powder of which is used to take away the livid marks of
bruises.

BADIAN
Ba"di*an, n. Etym: [F.badiane, fr. Per. badian anise.] (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen Chinese shrub of the Magnolia family (Illicium
anisatum), and its aromatic seeds; Chinese anise; star anise.

BADIGEON
Ba*di"geon, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A cement or paste (as of plaster and freestone, or of sawdust
and glue or lime) used by sculptors, builders, and workers in wood or
stone, to fill holes, cover defects, or finish a surface.

BADINAGE
Ba`di`nage", n. Etym: [F., fr. badiner to joke, OF. to trifle, be
silly, fr. badin silly.]

Defn: Playful raillery; banter. "He . . . indulged himself only in an
elegant badinage." Warburton.

BAD LANDS
Bad" lands".

Defn: Barren regions, especially in the western United States, where
horizontal strata (Tertiary deposits) have been often eroded into
fantastic forms, and much intersected by canons, and where lack of
wood, water, and forage increases the difficulty of traversing the
country, whence the name, first given by the Canadian French,
Mauvaises Terres (bad lands).

BADLY
Bad"ly, adv.

Defn: In a bad manner; poorly; not well; unskillfully; imperfectly;
unfortunately; grievously; so as to cause harm; disagreeably;
seriously.

Note: Badly is often used colloquially for very much or very greatly,
with words signifying to want or need.

BADMINTON
Bad"min*ton, n. Etym: [From the name of the seat of the Duke of
Beaufort in England.]

1. A game, similar to lawn tennis, played with shuttlecocks.

2. A preparation of claret, spiced and sweetened.

BADNESS
Bad"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being bad.

BAENOMERE
Bæ"no*mere, n. Etym: [Gr. to walk + -mere.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the somites (arthromeres) that make up the thorax of
Arthropods. Packard.

BAENOPOD
Bæ"no*pod, n. Etym: [Gr. -pod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the thoracic legs of Arthropods.

BAENOSOME
Bæ"no*some, n. Etym: [Gr. -some body.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The thorax of Arthropods. Packard.

BAETULUS
Bæ"tu*lus, n.; pl. Bætuli (#). [L., fr. Gr. bai`tylos a sacred
meteorite.] (Antiq.)

Defn: A meteorite, or similar rude stone artificially shaped, held
sacred or worshiped as of divine origin.

All the evidence goes to prove that these menhirs are bætuli, i. e.,
traditional and elementary images of the deity.
I. Gonino (Perrot & Chipiez).

BAFF
Baff, n.

Defn: A blow; a stroke. [Scot.] H. Miller.

BAFFLE
Baf"fle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Baffled (p. pr. & vb. n. Baffling (.]
Etym: [Cf. Lowland Scotch bauchle to treat contemptuously, bauch
tasteless, abashed, jaded, Icel. bagr uneasy, poor, or bagr, n.,
struggle, bægja to push, treat harshly, OF. beffler, beffer, to mock,
deceive, dial. G. bäppe mouth, beffen to bark, chide.]

1. To cause to undergo a disgraceful punishment, as a recreant
knight. [Obs.]
He by the heels him hung upon a tree, And baffled so, that all which
passed by The picture of his punishment might see. Spenser.

2. To check by shifts and turns; to elude; to foil.
The art that baffles time's tyrannic claim. Cowper.

3. To check by perplexing; to disconcert, frustrate, or defeat; to
thwart. "A baffled purpose." De Quincey.
A suitable scripture ready to repel and baffle them all. South.
Calculations so difficult as to have baffled, until within a . . .
recent period, the most enlightened nations. Prescott.
The mere intricacy of a question should not baffle us. Locke.
Baffling wind (Naut.), one that frequently shifts from one point to
another.

Syn.
 -- To balk; thwart; foil; frustrate; defeat.

BAFFLE
Baf"fle, v. i.

1. To practice deceit. [Obs.] Barrow.

2. To struggle against in vain; as, a ship baffles with the winds.
[R.]

BAFFLE
Baf"fle, n.

Defn: A defeat by artifice, shifts, and turns; discomfiture. [R.] "A
baffle to philosophy." South.

BAFFLEMENT
Baf"fle*ment, n.

Defn: The process or act of baffling, or of being baffled;
frustration; check.

BAFFLER
Baf"fler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, baffles.

BAFFLING
Baf"fling, a.

Defn: Frustrating; discomfiting; disconcerting; as, baffling
currents, winds, tasks.
 -- Bafflingly, adv.
 -- Bafflingness, n.

BAFFY
Baff"y (baf"y), n. [See Baff, v. t.] (Golf)

Defn: A short wooden club having a deeply concave face, seldom used.

BAFT
Baft. n.

Defn: Same as Bafta.

BAFTA
Baf"ta, n. Etym: [Cf. Per. baft. woven, wrought.]

Defn: A coarse stuff, usually of cotton, originally made in India.
Also, an imitation of this fabric made for export.

BAG
Bag, n. Etym: [OE. bagge; cf. Icel. baggi, and also OF. bague,
bundle, LL. baga.]

1. A sack or pouch, used for holding anything; as, a bag of meal or
of money.

2. A sac, or dependent gland, in animal bodies, containing some fluid
or other substance; as, the bag of poison in the mouth of some
serpents; the bag of a cow.

3. A sort of silken purse formerly tied about men's hair behind, by
way of ornament. [Obs.]

4. The quantity of game bagged.

5. (Com.)

Defn: A certain quantity of a commodity, such as it is customary to
carry to market in a sack; as, a bag of pepper or hops; a bag of
coffee. Bag and baggage, all that belongs to one.
 -- To give one the bag, to disappoint him. [Obs.] Bunyan.

BAG
Bag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bagged(p. pr. & vb. n. Bagging]

1. To put into a bag; as, to bag hops.

2. To seize, capture, or entrap; as, to bag an army; to bag game.

3. To furnish or load with a bag or with a well filled bag.
A bee bagged with his honeyed venom. Dryden.

BAG
Bag, v. i.

1. To swell or hang down like a full bag; as, the skin bags from
containing morbid matter.

2. To swell with arrogance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. To become pregnant. [Obs.] Warner. (Alb. Eng. ).

BAGASSE
Ba*gasse", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Sugar cane, as it

BAGATELLE
Bag`a*telle", n. Etym: [F., fr. It. bagatella; cf. Prov. It. bagata
trifle, OF. bague, Pr. bagua, bundle. See Bag, n.]

1. A trifle; a thing of no importance.
Rich trifles, serious bagatelles. Prior.

2. A game played on an oblong board, having, at one end, cups or
arches into or through which balls are to be driven by a rod held in
the hand of the player.

BAGGAGE
Bag"gage, n. Etym: [F. bagage, from OF. bague bungle. In senses 6 and
7 cf. F. bagasse a prostitute. See Bag, n.]

1. The clothes, tents, utensils, and provisions of an army.

Note: "The term itself is made to apply chiefly to articles of
clothing and to small personal effects." Farrow.

2. The trunks, valises, satchels, etc., which a traveler carries with
him on a journey; luggage.
The baronet's baggage on the roof of the coach. Thackeray.
We saw our baggage following below. Johnson.

Note: The English usually call this luggage.

3. Purulent matter. [Obs.] Barrough.

4. Trashy talk. [Obs.] Ascham.

5. A man of bad character. [Obs.] Holland.

6. A woman of loose morals; a prostitute.
A disreputable, daring, laughing, painted French baggage. Thackeray.

7. A romping, saucy girl. [Playful] Goldsmith.

BAGGAGE MASTER
Bag"gage mas`ter.

Defn: One who has charge of the baggage at a railway station or upon
a line of public travel. [U.S.]

BAGGAGER
Bag"ga*ger, n.

Defn: One who takes care of baggage; a camp follower. [Obs.] Sir W.
Raleigh.

BAGGALA
Bag"ga*la, n. Etym: [Ar. "fem. of baghl a mule." Balfour.] (Naut.)

Defn: A two-masted Arab or Indian trading vessel, used in Indian
Ocean.

BAGGILY
Bag"gi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a loose, baggy way.

BAGGING
Bag"ging, n.

1. Cloth or other material for bags.

2. The act of putting anything into, or as into, a bag.

3. The act of swelling; swelling.

BAGGING
Bag"ging, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Reaping peas, beans, wheat, etc., with a chopping stroke.
[Eng.]

BAGGY
Bag"gy, a.

Defn: Resembling a bag; loose or puffed out, or pendent, like a bag;
flabby; as, baggy trousers; baggy cheeks.

BAGMAN
Bag"man, n.; pl. Bagmen (.

Defn: A commercial traveler; one employed to solicit orders for
manufacturers and tradesmen. Thackeray.

BAG NET
Bag" net`.

Defn: A bag-shaped net for catching fish.

BAGNIO
Bagn"io, n. Etym: [It. bagno, fr. L. balneum. Cf. Bain.]

1. A house for bathing, sweating, etc.; -- also, in Turkey, a prison
for slaves. [Obs.]

2. A brothel; a stew; a house of prostitution.

BAGPIPE
Bag"pipe, n.

Defn: A musical wind instrument, now used chiefly in the Highlands of
Scotland.

Note: It consists of a leather bag, which receives the air by a tube
that is stopped by a valve; and three sounding pipes, into which the
air is pressed by the performer. Two of these pipes produce fixed
tones, namely, the bass, or key tone, and its fifth, and form
together what is called the drone; the third, or chanter, gives the
melody.

BAGPIPE
Bag"pipe, v. t.

Defn: To make to look like a bagpipe. To bagpipe the mizzen (Naut.),
to lay it aback by bringing the sheet to the mizzen rigging. Totten.

BAGPIPER
Bag"pip`er, n.

Defn: One who plays on a bagpipe; a piper. Shak.

BAGREEF
Bag"reef`, n. Etym: [Bag + reef.] (Naut.)

Defn: The lower reef of fore and aft sails; also, the upper reef of
topsails. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

BAGUE
Bague, n. Etym: [F., a ring] (Arch.)

Defn: The annular molding or group of moldings dividing a long shaft
or clustered column into two or more parts.

BAGUET; BAGUETTE
Ba*guet", Ba*guette", n. Etym: [F. baguette, prop. a rodbacchetta,
fr. L. baculum, baculu stick, staff.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A small molding, like the astragal, but smaller; a bead.

2. (Zoöl)

Defn: One of the minute bodies seen in the divided nucleoli of some
Infusoria after conjugation.

BAGWIG
Bag"wig", n.

Defn: A wig, in use in the 18th century, with the hair at the back of
the head in a bag.

BAGWORM
Bag"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several lepidopterous insects which construct, in the
larval state, a baglike case which they carry about for protection.
One species (Platoeceticus Gloveri) feeds on the orange tree. See
Basket worm.

BAH
Bah, interj.

Defn: An exclamation expressive of extreme contempt.
Twenty-five years ago the vile ejaculation, Bah! was utterly unknown
to the English public. De Quincey.

BAHADUR; BAHAUDUR
Ba*ha"dur   Ba*hau"dur, n. [Written also bahawder.] [Hind. bahadur
hero, champion.]

Defn: A title of respect or honor given to European officers in East
Indian state papers, and colloquially, and among the natives, to
distinguished officials and other important personages.

BAHAI
Ba*hai" (ba*hi"), n.; pl. Bahais (-hiz).

Defn: A member of the sect of the Babis consisting of the adherents
of Baha (Mirza Husain Ali, entitled "Baha 'u 'llah," or, "the
Splendor of God"), the elder half brother of Mirza Yahya of Nur, who
succeeded the Bab as the head of the Babists. Baha in 1863 declared
himself the supreme prophet of the sect, and became its recognized
head. There are upwards of 20,000 Bahais in the United States.

BAHAISM
Ba*ha"ism, n.

Defn: The religious tenets or practices of the Bahais.

BAHAR
Ba*har", n. Etym: [Ar. bahar, from bahara to charge with a load.]

Defn: A weight used in certain parts of the East Indies, varying
considerably in different localities, the range being from 223 to 625
pounds.

BAIGNE
Baigne, v. i. Etym: [F. baigner to bathe, fr. L. balneum bath.]

Defn: To soak or drench. [Obs.]

BAIGNOIRE
Bai`gnoire", n. [Written also baignoir.] [F., lit., bath tub.]

Defn: A box of the lowest tier in a theater.  Du Maurier.

BAIL
Bail, n. Etym: [F. baille a bucket, pail; cf. LL. bacula, dim. of
bacca a sort of vessel. Cf. Bac.]

Defn: A bucket or scoop used in bailing water out of a boat. [Obs.]
The bail of a canoe . . . made of a human skull. Capt. Cook.

BAIL
Bail, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bailed (p. pr. & vb. n. Bailing.]

1. To lade; to dip and throw; -- usually with out; as, to bail water
out of a boat.
Buckets . . . to bail out the water. Capt. J. Smith.

2. To dip or lade water from; -- often with out to express
completeness; as, to bail a boat.
By the help of a small bucket and our hats we bailed her out. R. H.
Dana, Jr.

BAIL
Bail, v. Etym: [OF. bailler to give, to deliver, fr. L. bajulare to
bear a burden, keep in custody, fr. bajulus

1. To deliver; to release. [Obs.]
Ne none there was to rescue her, ne none to bail. Spenser.

2. (Law)
(a) To set free, or deliver from arrest, or out of custody, on the
undertaking of some other person or persons that he or they will be
responsible for the appearance, at a certain day and place, of the
person bailed.

Note: The word is applied to the magistrate or the surety. The
magistrate bails (but admits to bail is commoner) a man when he
liberates him from arrest or imprisonment upon bond given with
sureties. The surety bails a person when he procures his release from
arrest by giving bond for his appearance. Blackstone.
(b) To deliver, as goods in trust, for some special object or
purpose, upon a contract, expressed or implied, that the trust shall
be faithfully executed on the part of the bailee, or person
intrusted; as, to bail cloth to a tailor to be made into a garment;
to bail goods to a carrier. Blackstone. Kent.

BAIL
Bail, n. Etym: [OF. bail guardian, administrator, fr. L. bajulus. See
Bail to deliver.]

1. Custody; keeping. [Obs.]
Silly Faunus now within their bail. Spenser.

2. (Law)
(a) The person or persons who procure the release of a prisoner from
the custody of the officer, or from imprisonment, by becoming surely
for his appearance in court.
The bail must be real, substantial bondsmen. Blackstone.
A. and B. were bail to the arrest in a suit at law. Kent.

(b) The security given for the appearance of a prisoner in order to
obtain his release from custody of the officer; as, the man is out on
bail; to go bail for any one.
Excessive bail ought not to be required. Blackstone.

BAIL
Bail, n. Etym: [OE. beyl; cf. Dan. böile an bending, ring, hoop, Sw.
bögel, bygel, and Icel. beyla hump, swelling, akin to E. bow to
bend.]

1. The arched handle of a kettle, pail, or similar vessel, usually
movable. Forby.

2. A half hoop for supporting the cover of a carrier's wagon, awning
of a boat, etc.

BAIL
Bail, n. Etym: [OF. bail, baille. See Bailey.]

1. (Usually pl.)

Defn: A line of palisades serving as an exterior defense. [Written
also bayle.] [Obs.]

2. The outer wall of a feudal castle. Hence: The space inclosed by
it; the outer court. Holinshed.

3. A certain limit within a forest. [Eng.]

4. A division for the stalls of an open stable.

5. (Cricket)

Defn: The top or cross piece ( or either of the two cross pieces) of
the wicket.

BAILABLE
Bail"a*ble, a.

1. Having the right or privilege of being admitted to bail, upon bond
with sureties; -- used of persons. "He's bailable, I'm sure." Ford.

2. Admitting of bail; as, a bailable offense.

3. That can be delivered in trust; as, bailable goods.

BAIL BOND
Bail" bond`. (Law)
(a) A bond or obligation given by a prisoner and his surety, to
insure the prisoner's appearance in court, at the return of the writ.
(b) Special bail in court to abide the judgment. Bouvier.

BAILEE
Bail`ee", n. Etym: [OF. baillé, p.p. of bailler. See Bail to
deliver.] (Law)

Defn: The person to whom goods are committed in trust, and who has a
temporary possession and a qualified property in them, for the
purposes of the trust. Blackstone.

Note: In penal statutes the word includes those who receive goods for
another in good faith. Wharton.

BAILER
Bail"er, n. (Law)

Defn: See Bailor.

BAILER
Bail"er, n.

1. One who bails or lades.

2. A utensil, as a bucket or cup, used in bailing; a machine for
bailing water out of a pit.

BAILEY
Bai"ley, n. Etym: [The same word as bail line of palisades; cf. LL.
ballium bailey, OF. bail, baille, a palisade, baillier to inclose,
shut.]

1. The outer wall of a feudal castle. [Obs.]

2. The space immediately within the outer wall of a castle or
fortress. [Obs.]

3. A prison or court of justice; -- used in certain proper names; as,
the Old Bailey in London; the New Bailey in Manchester. [Eng.] Oxf.
Gloss.

BAILIE
Bail"ie, n. Etym: [See Bailiff.]

Defn: An officer in Scotland, whose office formerly corresponded to
that of sheriff, but now corresponds to that of an English alderman.

BAILIFF
Bail"iff, n. Etym: [OF. baillif, F. bailli, custodiabajulus porter.
See Bail to deliver.]

1. Originally, a person put in charge of something especially, a
chief officer, magistrate, or keeper, as of a county, town, hundred,
or castle; one to whom power Abbott.
Lausanne is under the canton of Berne, governed by a bailiff sent
every three years from the senate. Addison.

2. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A sheriff's deputy, appointed to make arrests, collect fines,
summon juries, etc.

Note: In American law the term bailiff is seldom used except
sometimes to signify a sheriff's officer or constable, or a party
liable to account to another for the rent and profits of real estate.
Burrill.

3. An overseer or under steward of an estate, who directs husbandry
operations, collects rents, etc. [Eng.]

BAILIFFWICK
Bail"iff*wick, n.

Defn: See Bailiwick. [Obs.]

BAILIWICK
Bail"i*wick, n. Etym: [Bailie, bailiff + wick a village.] (Law)

Defn: The precincts within which a bailiff has jurisdiction; the
limits of a bailiff's authority.

BAILLIE
Bail"lie, n.

1. Bailiff. [Obs.]

2. Same as Bailie. [Scot.]

BAILMENT
Bail"ment, n.

1. (Law)

Defn: The action of bailing a person accused.
Bailment . . . is the saving or delivery of a man out of prison
before he hath satisfied the law. Dalton.

2. (Law)

Defn: A delivery of goods or money by one person to another in trust,
for some special purpose, upon a contract, expressed or implied, that
the trust shall be faithfully executed. Blackstone.

Note: In a general sense it is sometimes used as comprehending all
duties in respect to property. Story.

BAILOR
Bail`or", n. (Law)

Defn: One who delivers goods or money to another in trust.

BAILPIECE
Bail"piece`, n. (Law)

Defn: A piece of parchment, or paper, containing a recognizance or
bail bond.

BAILY'S BEADS
Bai"ly's beads. (Astron.)

Defn: A row of bright spots observed in connection with total
eclipses of the sun. Just before and after a total eclipse, the
slender, unobscured crescent of the sun's disk appears momentarily
like a row of bright spots resembling a string of beads. The
phenomenon (first fully described by Francis Baily, 1774 -- 1844) is
thought to be an effect of irradiation, and of inequalities of the
moon's edge.

BAIN
Bain, n. Etym: [F. bain, fr. L. balneum. Cf. Bagnio.]

Defn: A bath; a bagnio. [Obs.] Holland.

BAIN-MARIE
Bain`-ma`rie", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A vessel for holding hot water in which another vessel may be
heated without scorching its contents; -- used for warming or
preparing food or pharmaceutical preparations.

BAIRAM
Bai"ram, n. Etym: [Turk. baïram.]

Defn: The name of two Mohammedan festivals, of which one is held at
the close of the fast called Ramadan, and the other seventy days
after the fast.

BAIRN
Bairn, n. Etym: [Scot. bairn, AS. bearn, fr. beran to bear; akin to
Icel., OS., &Goth. barn. See Bear to support.]

Defn: A child. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Has he not well provided for the bairn ! Beau. & Fl.

BAISEMAINS
Baise"mains`, n. pl. Etym: [F., fr. baiser to kiss + mains hands.]

Defn: Respects; compliments. [Obs.]

BAIT
Bait, n. Etym: [Icel. beita food, beit pasture, akin to AS. bat food,
Sw. bete. See Bait, v. i.]

1. Any substance, esp. food, used in catching fish, or other animals,
by alluring them to a hook, snare, inclosure, or net.

2. Anything which allures; a lure; enticement; temptation. Fairfax.

3. A portion of food or drink, as a refreshment taken on a journey;
also, a stop for rest and refreshment.

4. A light or hasty luncheon. Bait bug (Zoöl), a crustacean of the
genus Hippa found burrowing in sandy beaches. See Anomura.

BAIT
Bait, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Baited; p. pr. & vb. n. Baiting.] Etym:
[OE. baiten, beit, to feed, harass, fr. Icel. beita, orig. to cause
to bite, fr. bita. sq. root87. See Bite.]

1. To provoke and harass; esp., to harass or torment for sport; as,
to bait a bear with dogs; to bait a bull.

2. To give a portion of food and drink to, upon the road; as, to bait
horses. Holland.

3. To furnish or cover with bait, as a trap or hook.
A crooked pin . . . bailed with a vile earthworm. W. Irving.

BAIT
Bait, v. i.

Defn: To stop to take a portion of food and drink for refreshment of
one's self or one's beasts, on a journey.
Evil news rides post, while good news baits. Milton.
My lord's coach conveyed me to Bury, and thence baiting aEvelyn.

BAIT
Bait, v. i. Etym: [F. battre de l'aile (or des ailes), to flap
oBatter, v. i.]

Defn: To flap the wings; to flutter as if to fly; or to hover, as a
hawk when she stoops to her prey. "Kites that bait and beat." Shak.

BAITER
Bait"er, n.

Defn: One who baits; a tormentor.

BAIZE
Baize, n. Etym: [For bayes, pl. fr. OF. baie; cf. F. bai bay-colored.
See Bay a color.]

Defn: A coarse woolen stuff with a long nap; -- usually dyed in plain
colors.
A new black baize waistcoat lined with silk. Pepys.

BAJOCCO
Ba*joc"co, n. Etym: [It., fr. bajo brown, bay, from its color.]

Defn: A small cooper coin formerly current in the Roman States, worth
about a cent and a half.

BAKE
Bake, v. t. [imp.& p. p. Baked; p. pr. & vb. n. Baking.] Etym: [AS.
bacan; akin to D. bakken, OHG. bacchan, G. backen, Icel. & Sw. baca,
Dan. bage, Gr.

1. To prepare, as food, by cooking in a dry heat, either in an oven
or under coals, or on heated stone or metal; as, to bake bread, meat,
apples.

Note: Baking is the term usually applied to that method of cooking
which exhausts the moisture in food more than roasting or broiling;
but the distinction of meaning between roasting and baking is not
always observed.

2. To dry or harden (anything) by subjecting to heat, as, to bake
bricks; the sun bakes the ground.

3. To harden by cold.
The earth . . . is baked with frost. Shak.
They bake their sides upon the cold, hard stone. Spenser.

BAKE
Bake, v. i.

1. To do the work of baking something; as, she brews, washes, and
bakes. Shak.

2. To be baked; to become dry and hard in heat; as, the bread bakes;
the ground bakes in the hot sun.

BAKE
Bake, n.

Defn: The process, or result, of baking.

BAKEHOUSE
Bake"house`, n. Etym: [AS. bæch. See Bak, v. i., and House.]

Defn: A house for baking; a bakery.

BAKEMEAT; BAKED-MEAT
Bake"meat`, Baked"-meat`, n.

Defn: A pie; baked food. [Obs.] Gen. xl. 17. Shak.

BAKEN
Bak"en,

Defn: p. p. of Bake. [Obs. or. Archaic]

BAKER
Bak"er, n. Etym: [AS. bæcere. See Bake, v. i.]

1. One whose business it is to bake bread, biscuit, etc.

2. A portable oven in which baking is done. [U.S.] A baker's dozen,
thirteen.
 -- Baker foot, a distorted foot. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
 -- Baker's itch, a rash on the back of the hand, caused by the
irritating properties of yeast.
 -- Baker's salt, the subcarbonate of ammonia, sometimes used instead
of soda, in making bread.

BAKER-LEGGED
Bak"er-legged`, a.

Defn: Having legs that bend inward at the knees.

BAKERY
Bak"er*y, n.

1. The trade of a baker. [R.]

2. The place for baking bread; a bakehouse.

BAKING
Bak"ing, n.

1. The act or process of cooking in an oven, or of drying and
hardening by heat or cold.

2. The quantity baked at once; a batch; as, a baking of bread. Baking
powder, a substitute for yeast, usually consisting of an acid, a
carbonate, and a little farinaceous matter.

BAKINGLY
Bak"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a hot or baking manner.

BAKISTRE
Bak"is*tre, n. Etym: [See Baxter.]

Defn: A baker. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BAKSHEESH; BAKSHISH
Bak"sheesh`, Bak"shish`, n.

Defn: Same as Backsheesh.

BALAAM
Ba"laam, n.

Defn: A paragraph describing something wonderful, used to fill out a
newspaper column; -- an allusion to the miracle of Balaam's ass
speaking. Numb. xxii. 30. [Cant] Balaam basket or box (Print.), the
receptacle for rejected articles. Blackw. Mag.

BALACHONG
Bal"a*chong, n. Etym: [Malay balachan.]

Defn: A condiment formed of small fishes or shrimps, pounded up with
salt and spices, and then dried. It is much esteemed in China.

BALAENOIDEA
Bal`æ*noi"de*a, n. Etym: [NL., from L. balaena whale + -oid.] (Zoöl)

Defn: A division of the Cetacea, including the right whale and all
other whales having the mouth fringed with baleen. See Baleen.

BALANCE
Bal"ance, n. Etym: [OE. balaunce, F. balance, fr. L. bilan, bilancis,
having two scales; bis twice (akin to E. two) + lanx plate, scale.]

1. An apparatus for weighing.

Note: In its simplest form, a balance consists of a beam or lever
supported exactly in the middle, having two scales or basins of equal
weight suspended from its extremities. Another form is that of the
Roman balance, our steelyard, consisting of a lever or beam,
suspended near one of its extremities, on the longer arm of which a
counterpoise slides. The name is also given to other forms of
apparatus for weighing bodies, as to the combinations of levers
making up platform scales; and even to devices for weighing by the
elasticity of a spring.

2. Act of weighing mentally; comparison; estimate.
A fair balance of the advantages on either side. Atterbury.

3. Equipoise between the weights in opposite scales.

4. The state of being in equipoise; equilibrium; even adjustment;
steadiness.
And hung a bottle on each side To make his balance true. Cowper.
The order and balance of the country were destroyed. Buckle.
English workmen completely lose their balance. J. S. Mill.

5. An equality between the sums total of the two sides of an account;
as, to bring one's accounts to a balance; -- also, the excess on
either side; as, the balance of an account. " A balance at the
banker's. " Thackeray.
I still think the balance of probabilities leans towards the account
given in the text. J. Peile.

6. (Horol.)

Defn: A balance wheel, as of a watch, or clock. See Balance wheel (in
the Vocabulary).

7. (Astron.)
(a) The constellation Libra.
(b) The seventh sign in the Zodiac, called Libra, which the sun
enters at the equinox in September.

8. A movement in dancing. See Balance, v. i., S. Balance
electrometer, a kind of balance, with a poised beam, which indicates,
by weights suspended from one arm, the mutual attraction of
oppositely electrified surfaces. Knight.
 -- Balance fish. (Zoöl) See Hammerhead.
 -- Balance knife, a carving or table knife the handle of which
overbalances the blade, and so keeps it from contact with the table.
 -- Balance of power. (Politics), such an adjustment of power among
sovereign states that no one state is in a position to interfere with
the independence of the others; international equilibrium; also, the
ability ( of a state or a third party within a state) to control the
relations between sovereign states or between dominant parties in a
state.
 -- Balance sheet (Bookkeeping), a paper showing the balances of the
open accounts of a business, the debit and credit balances footing up
equally, if the system of accounts be complete and the balances
correctly taken.
 -- Balance thermometer, a thermometer mounted as a balance so that
the movement of the mercurial column changes the indication of the
tube. With the aid of electrical or mechanical devices adapted to it,
it is used for the automatic regulation of the temperature of rooms
warmed artificially, and as a fire alarm.
 -- Balance of torsion. See Torsion Balance.
 -- Balance of trade (Pol. Econ.), an equilibrium between the money
values of the exports and imports of a country; or more commonly, the
amount required on one side or the other to make such an equilibrium.
 -- Balance valve, a valve whose surfaces are so arranged that the
fluid pressure tending to seat, and that tending to unseat the valve,
are nearly in equilibrium; esp., a puppet valve which is made to
operate easily by the admission of steam to both sides. See Puppet
valve.
 -- Hydrostatic balance. See under Hydrostatic.
 -- To lay in balance, to put up as a pledge or security. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
 -- To strike a balance, to find out the difference between the debit
and credit sides of an account.

BALANCE
Bal"ance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Balanced (p. pr. & vb. n. Balancing (
Etym: [From Balance, n.: cf. F. balancer. ]

1. To bring to an equipoise, as the scales of a balance by adjusting
the weights; to weigh in a balance.

2. To support on a narrow base, so as to keep from falling; as, to
balance a plate on the end of a cane; to balance one's self on a
tight rope.

3. To equal in number, weight, force, or proportion; to counterpoise,
counterbalance, counteract, or neutralize.
One expression . . . must check and balance another. Kent.

4. To compare in relative force, importance, value, etc.; to
estimate.
Balance the good and evil of things. L'Estrange.

5. To settle and adjust, as an account; to make two accounts equal by
paying the difference between them.
I am very well satisfied that it is not in my power to balance
accounts with my Maker. Addison.

6. To make the sums of the debits and credits of an account equal; --
said of an item; as, this payment, or credit, balances the account.

7. To arrange accounts in such a way that the sum total of the debits
is equal to the sum total of the credits; as, to balance a set of
books.

8. (Dancing)

Defn: To move toward, and then back from, reciprocally; as, to
balance partners.

9. (Naut.)

Defn: To contract, as a sail, into a narrower compass; as, to balance
the boom mainsail. Balanced valve. See Balance valve, under Balance,
n.

Syn.
 -- To poise; weigh; adjust; counteract; neutralize; equalize.

BALANCE
Bal"ance, v. i.

1. To have equal weight on each side; to be in equipoise; as, the
scales balance.

2. To fluctuate between motives which appear of equal force; to
waver; to hesitate.
He would not balance or err in the determination of his choice.
Locke.

3. (Dancing)

Defn: To move toward a person or couple, and then back.

BALANCEABLE
Bal"ance*a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be balanced.

BALANCEMENT
Bal"ance*ment, n.

Defn: The act or result of balancing or adjusting; equipoise; even
adjustment of forces. [R.] Darwin.

BALANCER
Bal"an*cer, n.

1. One who balances, or uses a balance.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: In Diptera, the rudimentary posterior wing.

BALANCEREEF
Bal"ance*reef`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The last reef in a fore-and-aft sail, taken to steady the ship.

BALANCE WHEEL
Bal"ance wheel`.

1. (Horology)
(a) A wheel which regulates the beats or pulses of a watch or
chronometer, answering to the pendulum of a clock; -- often called
simply a balance.
(b) A ratchet-shaped scape wheel, which in some watches is acted upon
by the axis of the balance wheel proper (in those watches called a
balance).

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A wheel which imparts regularity to the movements of any engine
or machine; a fly wheel.

BALANIFEROUS
Bal`a*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. balanus acorn + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing or producing acorns.

BALANITE
Bal"a*nite, n. Etym: [L. balanus acorn: cf. F. balanite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil balanoid shell.

BALANOGLOSSUS
Bal`a*no*glos"sus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl)

Defn: A peculiar marine worm. See Enteropneusta, and Tornaria.

BALANOID
Bal"a*noid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling an acorn; -- applied to a group of barnacles having
shells shaped like acorns. See Acornshell, and Barnacle.

BALAS RUBY
Bal"as ru`by. Etym: [OE. bales, balais, F. balais, LL. balascus, fr.
Ar. balakhsh, so called from Badakhshan, Balashan, or Balaxiam, a
place in the neighborhood of Samarcand, where this ruby is found.]
(Min.)

Defn: A variety of spinel ruby, of a pale rose red, or inclining to
orange. See Spinel.

BALATA
Bal"a*ta, n. [Sp., prob. fr. native name.]

1.

Defn: A West Indian sapotaceous tree (Bumelia retusa).

2.  The bully tree (Minusops globosa); also, its milky juice (balata
gum), which when dried constitutes an elastic gum called chicle, or
chicle gum.

BALAUSTINE
Ba*laus"tine, n. Etym: [L. balaustium, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The pomegranate tree (Punica granatum). The bark of the root,
the rind of the fruit, and the flowers are used medicinally.

BALAYEUSE
Ba`la`yeuse", n. [F., lit., a female sweeper.]

Defn: A protecting ruffle or frill, as of silk or lace, sewed close
to the lower edge of a skirt on the inside.

BALBUTIATE; BALBUCINATE
Bal*bu"ti*ate, Bal*bu"ci*nate, v. i. Etym: [L. balbutire, fr. balbus
stammering: cf. F. balbutier.]

Defn: To stammer. [Obs.]

BALBUTIES
Bal*bu"ti*es, n. (Med.)

Defn: The defect of stammering; also, a kind of incomplete
pronunciation.

BALCON
Bal"con, n.

Defn: A balcony. [Obs.] Pepys.

BALCONIED
Bal"co*nied, a.

Defn: Having balconies.

BALCONY
Bal"co*ny, n.; pl. Balconies. Etym: [It. balcone; cf. It. balco,
palco, scaffold, fr. OHG. balcho, pa, beam, G. balken. See Balk
beam.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A platform projecting from the wall of a building, usually
resting on brackets or consoles, and inclosed by a parapet; as, a
balcony in front of a window. Also, a projecting gallery in places of
amusement; as, the balcony in a theater.

2. A projecting gallery once common at the stern of large ships.

Note: "The accent has shifted from the second to the first syllable
within these twenty years." Smart (1836).

BALD
Bald, a. Etym: [OE. balled, ballid, perh. the p.p. of ball to reduce
to the roundness or smoothness of a ball, by removing hair. sq.
root85. But cf. W. bali whiteness in a horse's forehead.]

1. Destitute of the natural or common covering on the head or top, as
of hair, feathers, foliage, trees, etc.; as, a bald head; a bald oak.
On the bald top of an eminence. Wordsworth.

2. Destitute of ornament; unadorned; bare; literal.
In the preface to his own bald translation. Dryden.

3. Undisguised. " Bald egotism." Lowell.

4. Destitute of dignity or value; paltry; mean. [Obs.]

5. (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of a beard or awn; as, bald wheat.

6. (Zoöl.)
(a) Destitute of the natural covering.
(b) Marked with a white spot on the head; bald-faced. Bald buzzard
(Zoöl.), the fishhawk or osprey.
 -- Bald coot (Zoöl.), a name of the European coot (Fulica atra),
alluding to the bare patch on the front of the head.

BALDACHIN
Bal"da*chin, n. Etym: [LL. baldachinus, baldechinus, a canopy of rich
silk carried over the host; fr. Bagdad, It. Baldacco, a city in
Turkish Asia from whence these rich silks came: cf. It. baldacchino.
Cf. Baudekin.]

1. A rich brocade; baudekin. [Obs.]

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A structure in form of a canopy, sometimes supported by
columns, and sometimes suspended from the roof or projecting from the
wall; generally placed over an altar; as, the baldachin in St.
Peter's.

3. A portable canopy borne over shrines, etc., in procession.
[Written also baldachino, baldaquin, etc.]

BALD EAGLE
Bald" ea"gle. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The white-headed eagle (Haliæetus leucocephalus) of America.
The young, until several years old, lack the white feathers on the
head.

Note: The bald eagle is represented in the coat of arms, and on the
coins, of the United States.

BALDER
Bal"der, n. Etym: [Icel. Baldr, akin to E. bold.] (Scan. Myth.)

Defn: The most beautiful and beloved of the gods; the god of peace;
the son of Odin and Freya. [Written also Baldur.]

BALDERDASH
Bal"der*dash, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin: cf. Dan. balder noise,
clatter, and E. dash; hence, perhaps, unmeaning noise, then
hodgepodge, mixture; or W. baldorduss a prattling, baldordd,
baldorddi, to prattle.]

1. A worthless mixture, especially of liquors.
Indeed beer, by a mixture of wine, hath lost both name and nature,
and is called balderdash. Taylor (Drink and Welcome).

2. Senseless jargon; ribaldry; nonsense; trash.

BALDERDASH
Bal"der*dash, v. t.

Defn: To mix or adulterate, as liquors.
The wine merchants of Nice brew and balderdash, and even mix it with
pigeon's dung and quicklime. Smollett.

BALD-FACED
Bald"-faced`, a.

Defn: Having a white face or a white mark on the face, as a stag.

BALDHEAD
Bald"head`, n.

1. A person whose head is bald. 2 Kings ii. 23.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A white-headed variety of pigeon.

BALDHEADED
Bald"head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a bald head.

BALDLY
Bald"ly, adv.

Defn: Nakedly; without reserve; inelegantly.

BALDNESS
Bald"ness, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being bald; as, baldness of the head;
baldness of style.
This gives to their syntax a peculiar character of simplicity and
baldness. W. D. Whitney.

BALDPATE
Bald"pate`, n.

1. A baldheaded person. Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American widgeon (Anas Americana).

BALDPATE; BALDPATED
Bald"pate`, Bald"pat`ed, a.

Defn: Destitute of hair on the head; baldheaded. Shak.

BALDRIB
Bald"rib`, n.

Defn: A piece of pork cut lower down than the sparerib, and destitute
of fat. [Eng.] Southey.

BALDRIC
Bal"dric, n. Etym: [OE. baudric, bawdrik, through OF. (cf. F.
baudrier and LL. baldringus, baldrellus), from OHG. balderich, cf.
balz, palz, akin to E. belt. See Belt, n.]

Defn: A broad belt, sometimes richly ornamented, worn over one
shoulder, across the breast, and under the opposite arm; less
properly, any belt. [Also spelt bawdrick.]
A radiant baldric o'er his shoulder tied Sustained the sword that
glittered at his side. Pope.

BALDWIN
Bald"win, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of reddish, moderately acid, winter apple. [U.S.]

BALE
Bale, n. Etym: [OE. bale, OF. bale, F. balle, LL. bala, fr. OHG.
balla, palla, pallo, G. ball, balle, ballen, ball round pack; cf. D.
baal. Cf. Ball a round body.]

Defn: A bundle or package of goods in a cloth cover, and corded for
storage or transportation; also, a bundle of straw Bale of dice, a
pair of dice. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

BALE
Bale, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Baled (p. pr. & vb. n. Baling.]

Defn: To make up in a bale. Goldsmith.

BALE
Bale, v. t.

Defn: See Bail, v. t., to lade.

BALE
Bale, n. Etym: [AS. bealo, bealu, balu; akin to OS. , OHG. balo,
Icel. böl, Goth. balweins.]

1. Misery;
Let now your bliss be turned into bale. Spenser.

2. Evil; an evil, pernicious influence; something causing great
injury. [Now chiefly poetic]

BALEARIC
Bal`e*ar"ic, a. Etym: [L. Balearicus, fr. Gr. the Balearic Islands.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the isles of Majorca, Minorca, Ivica, etc.,
in the Mediterranean Sea, off the coast of Valencia. Balearic crane.
(Zoöl.) See Crane.

BALEEN
Ba*leen", n. Etym: [F. baleine whale and whalibone, L. balaena a
whale; cf. Gr. . ] (Zoöl. & Com.)

Defn: Plates or blades of "whalebone," from two to twelve feet long,
and sometimes a foot wide, which in certain whales (Balænoidea) are
attached side by side along the upper jaw, and form a fringelike
sieve by which the food is retained in the mouth.

BALEFIRE
Bale"fire`, n. Etym: [AS. b the fire of the b fire, flame (akin to
Icel. bal, OSlav. b, white, Gr. bright, white, Skr. bhala brightness)
+ f, E. fire.]

Defn: A signal fire; an alarm fire.
Sweet Teviot! on thy silver tide The glaring balefires blaze no more.
Sir W. Scott.

BALEFUL
Bale"ful, a. Etym: [AS. bealoful. See Bale misery.]

1. Full of deadly or pernicious influence; destructive. "Baleful
enemies." Shak.
Four infernal rivers that disgorge Into the burning lake their
baleful streams. Milton.

2. Full of grief or sorrow; woeful; sad. [Archaic]

BALEFULLY
Bale"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In a baleful manner; perniciously.

BALEFULNESS
Bale"ful*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being baleful.

BALISAUR
Bal"i*sa`ur, n. Etym: [Hind.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A badgerlike animal of India (Arcionyx collaris).

BALISTER
Bal"is*ter, n. Etym: [OF. balestre. See Ballista.]

Defn: A crossbow. [Obs.] Blount.

BALISTOID
Bal"is*toid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like a fish of the genus Balistes; of the family Balistidæ. See
Filefish.

BALISTRARIA
Bal`is*tra"ri*a, n. Etym: [LL.] (Anc. Fort.)

Defn: A narrow opening, often cruciform, through which arrows might
be discharged.

BALIZE
Ba*lize", n. Etym: [F. balise; cf. Sp. balisa.]

Defn: A pole or a frame raised as a sea beacon or a landmark.

BALK
Balk, n. Etym: [AS. balca beam, ridge; akin to Icel. balkr partition,
bjalki beam, OS. balko, G. balken; cf. Gael. balc ridge of earth
between two furrows. Cf. Balcony, Balk, v. i., 3d Bulk.]

1. A ridge of land left unplowed between furrows, or at the end of a
field; a piece missed by the plow slipping aside.
Bad plowmen made balks of such ground. Fuller.

2. A great beam, rafter, or timber; esp., the tie-beam of a house.
The loft above was called "the balks."
Tubs hanging in the balks. Chaucer.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: One of the beams connecting the successive supports of a
trestle bridge or bateau bridge.

4. A hindrance or disappointment; a check.
A balk to the confidence of the bold undertaker. South.

5. A sudden and obstinate stop; a failure.

6. (Baseball)

Defn: A deceptive gesture of the pitcher, as if to deliver the ball.
Balk line (Billiards), a line across a billiard table near one end,
marking a limit within which the cue balls are placed in beginning a
game; also, a line around the table, parallel to the sides, used in
playing a particular game, called the balk line game.

BALK
Balk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Balked (p. pr. & vb. n. Balking.] Etym:
[From Balk a beam; orig. to put a balk or beam in one's way, in order
to stop or hinder. Cf., for sense 2, AS. on balcan legan to lay in
heaps.]

1. To leave or make balks in. [Obs.] Gower.

2. To leave heaped up; to heap up in piles. [Obs.]
Ten thousand bold Scots, two and twenty knights, Balk'd in their own
blood did Sir Walter see. Shak.

3. To omit, miss, or overlook by chance. [Obs.]

4. To miss intentionally; to avoid; to shun; to refuse; to let go by;
to shirk. [Obs. or Obsolescent]
By reason of the contagion then in London, we balked the Evelyn.
Sick he is, and keeps his bed, and balks his meat. Bp. Hall.
Nor doth he any creature balk, But lays on all he meeteth. Drayton.

5. To disappoint; to frustrate; to foil; to baffle; to as, to balk
expectation.
They shall not balk my entrance. Byron.

BALK
Balk, v. i.

1. To engage in contradiction; to be in opposition. [Obs.]
In strifeful terms with him to balk. Spenser.

2. To stop abruptly and stand still obstinately; to jib; to stop
short; to swerve; as, the horse balks.

Note: This has been regarded as an Americanism, but it occurs in
Spenser's "Faërie Queene," Book IV., 10, xxv.
Ne ever ought but of their true loves talkt, Ne ever for rebuke or
blame of any balkt.

BALK
Balk, v. i. Etym: [Prob. from D. balken to bray, bawl.]

Defn: To indicate to fishermen, by shouts or signals from shore, the
direction taken by the shoals of herring.

BALKER
Balk"er, n. Etym: [See 2d Balk.]

Defn: One who, or that which balks.

BALKER
Balk"er, n. Etym: [See last Balk.]

Defn: A person who stands on a rock or eminence to espy the shoals of
herring, etc., and to give notice to the men in boats which way they
pass; a conder; a huer.

BALKINGLY
Balk"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In manner to balk or frustrate.

BALKISH
Balk"ish, a.

Defn: Uneven; ridgy. [R.] Holinshed.

BALKY
Balk"y, a.

Defn: Apt to balk; as, a balky horse.

BALL
Ball, n. Etym: [OE. bal, balle; akin to OHG. balla, palla, G. ball,
Icel. böllr, ball; cf. F. balle. Cf. 1st Bale, n., Pallmall.]

1. Any round or roundish body or mass; a sphere or globe; as, a ball
of twine; a ball of snow.

2. A spherical body of any substance or size used to play with, as by
throwing, knocking, kicking, etc.

3. A general name for games in which a ball is thrown, kicked, or
knocked. See Baseball, and Football.

4. Any solid spherical, cylindrical, or conical projectile of lead or
iron, to be discharged from a firearm; as, a cannon ball; a rifball;
-- often used collectively; as, powder and ball. Spherical balls for
the smaller firearms are commonly called bullets.

5. (Pirotechnics & Mil.)

Defn: A flaming, roundish body shot into the air; a case filled with
combustibles intended to burst and give light or set fire, or to
produce smoke or stench; as, a fire ball; a stink ball.

6. (Print.)

Defn: A leather-covered cushion, fastened to a handle called a
ballstock; -- formerly used by printers for inking the form, but now
superseded by the roller.

7. A roundish protuberant portion of some part of the body; as, the
ball of the thumb; the ball of the foot.

8. (Far.)

Defn: A large pill, a form in which medicine is commonly given to
horses; a bolus. White.

9. The globe or earth. Pope.
Move round the dark terrestrial ball. Addison.
Ball and socket joint, a joint in which a ball moves within a socket,
so as to admit of motion in every direction within certain limits.
 -- Ball bearings, a mechanical device for lessening the friction of
axle bearings by means of small loose metal balls.
 -- Ball cartridge, a cartridge containing a ball, as distinguished
from a blank cartridge, containing only powder.
 -- Ball cock, a faucet or valve which is opened or closed by the
fall or rise of a ball floating in water at the end of a lever.
 -- Ball gudgeon, a pivot of a spherical form, which permits lateral
deflection of the arbor or shaft, while retaining the pivot in its
socket. Knight.
 -- Ball lever, the lever used in a ball cock.
 -- Ball of the eye, the eye itself, as distinguished from its lids
and socket; -- formerly, the pupil of the eye.
 -- Ball valve (Mach.), a contrivance by which a ball, placed in a
circular cup with a hole in its bottom, operates as a valve.
 -- Ball vein (Mining), a sort of iron ore, found in loose masses of
a globular form, containing sparkling particles.
 -- Three balls, or Three golden balls, a pawnbroker's sign or shop.

Syn.
 -- See Globe.

BALL
Ball, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Balled (p. pr. & vb. n. Balling.]

Defn: To gather balls which cling to the feet, as of damp snow or
clay; to gather into balls; as, the horse balls; the snow balls.

BALL
Ball, v. t.

1. (Metal.)

Defn: To heat in a furnace and form into balls for rolling.

2. To form or wind into a ball; as, to ball cotton.

BALL
Ball, n. Etym: [F. bal, fr. OF. baler to dance, fr. LL. ballare. Of
uncertain origin; cf. Gr. to toss or throw, or , , to leap, bound, to
dance, jump about; or cf. 1st Ball, n.]

Defn: A social assembly for the purpose of dancing.

BALLAD
Bal"lad, n. Etym: [OE. balade, OF. balade, F. ballade, fr. Pr.
ballada a dancing song, fr. ballare to dance; cf. It. ballata. See 2d
Ball, n., and Ballet.]

Defn: A popular kind of narrative poem, adapted for recitation or
singing; as, the ballad of Chevy Chase; esp., a sentimental or
romantic poem in short stanzas.

BALLAD
Bal"lad, v. i.

Defn: To make or sing ballads. [Obs.]

BALLAD
Bal"lad, v. t.

Defn: To make mention of in ballads. [Obs.]

BALLADE
Bal*lade", n. Etym: [See Ballad, n.]

Defn: A form of French versification, sometimes imitated in English,
in which three or four rhymes recur through three stanzas of eight or
ten lines each, the stanzas concluding with a refrain, and the whole
poem with an envoy.

BALLADER
Bal"lad*er, n.

Defn: A writer of ballads.

BALLAD MONGER
Bal"lad mon`ger. Etym: [See Monger.]

Defn: A seller or maker of ballads; a poetaster. Shak.

BALLADRY
Bal"lad*ry, n. Etym: [From Ballad, n. ]

Defn: Ballad poems; the subject or style of ballads. "Base balladry
is so beloved." Drayton.

BALLAHOO; BALLAHOU
Bal"la*hoo, Bal"la*hou, n.

Defn: A fast-sailing schooner, used in the Bermudas and West Indies.

BALLARAG
Bal"la*rag, v. i. Etym: [Corrupted fr. bullirag.]

Defn: To bully; to threaten. [Low] T. Warton.

BALLAST
Bal"last, n. Etym: [D. ballast; akin to Dan. baglast, ballast, OSw.
barlast, Sw. ballast. The first part is perh. the same word as E.
bare, adj.; the second is last a burden, and hence the meaning a
bare, or mere, load. See Bare, a., and Last load.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: Any heavy substance, as stone, iron, etc., put into the hold to
sink a vessel in the water to such a depth as to prevent capsizing.

2. Any heavy matter put into the car of a balloon to give it
steadiness.

3. Gravel, broken stone, etc., laid in the bed of a railroad to make
it firm and solid.

4. The larger solids, as broken stone or gravel, used in making
concrete.

5. Fig.: That which gives, or helps to maintain, uprightness,
steadiness, and security.
It [piety] is the right ballast of prosperity. Barrow.
Ballast engine, a steam engine used in excavating and for digging and
raising stones and gravel for ballast.
 -- Ship in ballast, a ship carring only ballast.

BALLAST
Bal"last, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ballasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ballasting.]

1. To steady, as a vessel, by putting heavy substances in the hold.

2. To fill in, as the bed of a railroad, with gravel, stone, etc., in
order to make it firm and solid.

3. To keep steady; to steady, morally.
'T is charity must ballast the heart. Hammond.

BALLASTAGE
Bal"last*age, n. (Law)

Defn: A toll paid for the privilege of taking up ballast in a port or
harbor.

BALLASTING
Bal"last*ing, n.

Defn: That which is used for steadying anything; ballast.

BALLATRY
Bal"la*try, n.

Defn: See Balladry. [Obs.] Milton.

BALLET
Bal"let`, n. Etym: [F., a dim. of bal dance. See 2d Ball, n.]

1. An artistic dance performed as a theatrical entertainment, or an
interlude, by a number of persons, usually women. Sometimes, a scene
accompanied by pantomime and dancing.

2. The company of persons who perform the ballet.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A light part song, or madrigal, with a fa la burden or chorus,
-- most common with the Elizabethan madrigal composers.

4. (Her.)

Defn: A bearing in coats of arms, representing one or more balls,
which are denominated bezants, plates, etc., according to color.

BALL-FLOWER
Ball"-flow`er, n. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornament resembling a ball placed in a circular flower, the
petals of which form a cup round it, -- usually inserted in a hollow
molding.

BALLISTA
Bal*lis"ta, n.; pl. Ballist. Etym: [L. ballista, balista, fr. Gr. to
throw.]

Defn: An ancient military engine, in the form of a crossbow, used for
hurling large missiles.

BALLISTER
Bal"lis*ter, n. Etym: [L. ballista. Cf. Balister.]

Defn: A crossbow. [Obs.]

BALLISTIC
Bal*lis"tic, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the ballista, or to the art of hurling stones
or missile weapons by means of an engine.

2. Pertaining to projection, or to a projectile. Ballistic pendulum,
an instrument consisting of a mass of wood or other material
suspended as a pendulum, for measuring the force and velocity of
projectiles by means of the arc through which their impact impels it.

BALLISTICS
Bal*lis"tics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. balistique. See Ballista.]

Defn: The science or art of hurling missile weapons by the use of an
engine. Whewell.

BALLISTITE
Bal"lis*tite, n. [See Ballista.] (Chem.)

Defn: A smokeless powder containing equal parts of soluble
nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin.

BALLIUM
Bal"li*um, n. Etym: [LL.]

Defn: See Bailey.

BALLOON
Bal*loon", n. Etym: [F. ballon, aug. of balle ball: cf. It. ballone.
See 1st Ball, n., and cf. Pallone.]

1. A bag made of silk or other light material, and filled with
hydrogen gas or heated air, so as to rise and float in the
atmosphere; especially, one with a car attached for aërial
navigation.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A ball or globe on the top of a pillar, church, etc., as at St.
Paul's, in London. [R.]

3. (Chem.)

Defn: A round vessel, usually with a short neck, to hold or receive
whatever is distilled; a glass vessel of a spherical form.

4. (Pyrotechnics)

Defn: A bomb or shell. [Obs.]

5. A game played with a large inf [Obs.]

6. (Engraving)

Defn: The outline inclosing words represented as coming from the
mouth of a pictured figure. Air balloon, a balloon for aërial
navigation.
 -- Balloon frame (Carp.), a house frame constructed altogether of
small timber.
 -- Balloon net, a variety of woven lace in which the weft threads
are twisted in a peculiar manner around the warp.

BALLOON
Bal*loon", v. t.

Defn: To take up in, or as if in, a balloon.

BALLOON
Bal*loon", v. i.

1. To go up or voyage in a balloon.

2. To expand, or puff out, like a balloon.

BALLOONED
Bal*looned", a.

Defn: Swelled out like a balloon.

BALLOONER
Bal*loon"er, n.

Defn: One who goes up in a balloon; an aëronaut.

BALLOON FISH
Bal*loon" fish`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of the genus Diodon or the genus Tetraodon, having the
power of distending its body by taking air or water into its
dilatable esophagus. See Globefish, and Bur fish.

BALLOONING
Bal*loon"ing, n.

1. The art or practice of managing balloons or voyaging in them.

2. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: The process of temporarily raising the value of a stock, as by
fictitious sales. [U.S.]

BALLOONING SPIDER
Bal*loon"ing spi"der. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spider which has the habit of rising into the air. Many kinds
( esp. species of Lycosa) do this while young by ejecting threads of
silk until the force of the wind upon them carries the spider aloft.

BALLOONIST
Bal*loon"ist, n.

Defn: An aëronaut.

BALLOONRY
Bal*loon"ry, n.

Defn: The art or practice of ascending in a balloon; aëronautics.

BALLOT
Bal"lot, n. Etym: [F. ballotte, fr. It. ballotta. See Ball round
body.]

1. Originally, a ball used for secret voting. Hence: Any printed or
written ticket used in voting.

2. The act of voting by balls or written or printed ballots or
tickets; the system of voting secretly by balls or by tickets.
The insufficiency of the ballot. Dickens.

3. The whole number of votes cast at an election, or in a given
territory or electoral district. Ballot box, a box for receiving
ballots.

BALLOT
Bal"lot, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Balloted; p. pr. & vb. n. Balloting.]
Etym: [F. ballotter to toss, to ballot, or It. ballottare. See
Ballot, n.]

Defn: To vote or decide by ballot; as, to ballot for a candidate.

BALLOT
Bal"lot, v. t.

Defn: To vote for or in opposition to.
None of the competitors arriving to a sufficient number of balls,
they fell to ballot some others. Sir H. Wotton.

BALLOTADE
Bal"lo*tade`, n. Etym: [F. ballottade, fr. ballotter to toss. See
Ballot, v. i.] (Man.)

Defn: A leap of a horse, as between two pillars, or upon a straight
line, so that when his four feet are in the air, he shows only the
shoes of his hind feet, without jerking out.

BALLOTAGE
Bal"lot*age, n. [F. ballottage.]

Defn: In France, a second ballot taken after an indecisive first
ballot to decide between two or several candidates.

BALLOTATION
Bal`lo*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Voting by ballot. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

BALLOTER
Bal"lot*er, n.

Defn: One who votes by ballot.

BALLOTIN
Bal"lo*tin, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An officer who has charge of a ballot box. [Obs.] Harrington.

BALLOW
Bal"low, n.

Defn: A cudgel. [Obs.] Shak.

BALLPROOF
Ball"proof`, a.

Defn: Incapable of being penetrated by balls from firearms.

BALLROOM
Ball"room` (, n.

Defn: A room for balls or dancing.

BALM
Balm, n. Etym: [OE. baume, OF. bausme, basme, F. baume, L. balsamum
balsam, from Gr. ; perhaps of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. basam. Cf.
Balsam.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An aromatic plant of the genus Melissa.

2. The resinous and aromatic exudation of certain trees or shrubs.
Dryden.

3. Any fragrant ointment. Shak.

4. Anything that heals or that mitigates pain. "Balm for each ill."
Mrs. Hemans. Balm cricket (Zoöl.), the European cicada. Tennyson.
 -- Balm of Gilead (Bot.), a small evergreen African and Asiatic tree
of the terebinthine family (Balsamodendron Gileadense). Its leaves
yield, when bruised, a strong aromatic scent; and from this tree is
obtained the balm of Gilead of the shops, or balsam of Mecca. This
has a yellowish or greenish color, a warm, bitterish, aromatic taste,
and a fragrant smell. It is valued as an unguent and cosmetic by the
Turks. The fragrant herb Dracocephalum Canariense is familiarly
called balm of Gilead, and so are the American trees, Populus
balsamifera, variety candicans (balsam poplar), and Abies balsamea
(balsam fir).

BALM
Balm, v. i.

Defn: To anoint with balm, or with anything medicinal. Hence: To
soothe; to mitigate. [Archaic] Shak.

BALMIFY
Balm"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [Balm + -fy.]

Defn: To render balmy. [Obs.] Cheyne.

BALMILY
Balm"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a balmy manner. Coleridge.

BALMORAL
Bal*mor"al, n. Etym: [From Balmoral Castle, in Aberdeenshire,
Scotland.]

1. A long woolen petticoat, worn immediately under the dress.

2. A kind of stout walking shoe, laced in front.
A man who uses his balmorals to tread on your toes. George Eliot.

BALMY
Balm"y, a.

1. Having the qualities of balm; odoriferous; aromatic; assuaging;
soothing; refreshing; mild. "The balmy breeze." Tickell.
Tired nature's sweet restorer, balmy sleep ! Young.

2. Producing balm. "The balmy tree." Pope.

Syn.
 -- Fragrant; sweet-scented; odorous; spicy.

BALNEAL
Bal"ne*al, a. Etym: [L. balneum bath.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a bath. Howell.

BALNEARY
Bal"ne*a*ry, n. Etym: [L. balnearium, fr. balneum bath.]

Defn: A bathing room. Sir T. Browne.

BALNEATION
Bal`ne*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. balneare to bathe, fr. L. balneum bath.]

Defn: The act of bathing. [R.]

BALNEATORY
Bal"ne*a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. balneatorius.]

Defn: Belonging to a bath. [Obs.]

BALNEOGRAPHY
Bal`ne*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [L. balneum bath + -graphy.]

Defn: A description of baths.

BALNEOLOGY
Bal`ne*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. balneum bath + -logy.]

Defn: A treatise on baths; the science of bathing.

BALNEOTHERAPY
Bal`ne*o*ther"a*py, n. Etym: [L. balneum bath + Gr. to heal.]

Defn: The treatment of disease by baths.

BALOPTICON
Bal*op"ti*con, n. [Gr.  to throw + stereopticon.]

Defn: See Projector, below.

BALOTADE
Bal"o*tade`, n.

Defn: See Ballotade.

BALSA
Bal"sa, n. Etym: [Sp. or Pg. balsa.] (Naut.)

Defn: A raft or float, used principally on the Pacific coast of South
America.

BALSAM
Bal"sam, n. Etym: [L. balsamum the balsam tree or its resin, Gr. .
See Balm, n.]

1. A resin containing more or less of an essential or volatile oil.

Note: The balsams are aromatic resinous substances, flowing
spontaneously or by incision from certain plants. A great variety of
substances pass under this name, but the term is now usually
restricted to resins which, in addition to a volatile oil, contain
benzoic and cinnamic acid. Among the true balsams are the balm of
Gilead, and the balsams of copaiba, Peru, and Tolu. There are also
many pharmaceutical preparations and resinous substances, possessed
of a balsamic smell, to which the name balsam has been given.

2. (Bot.)
(a) A species of tree (Abies balsamea).
(b) An annual garden plant (Impatiens balsamina) with beautiful
flowers; balsamine.

3. Anything that heals, soothes, or restores.
Was not the people's blessing a balsam to thy blood Tennyson.
Balsam apple (Bot.), an East Indian plant ( Momordica balsamina), of
the gourd family, with red or orange-yellow cucumber-shaped fruit of
the size of a walnut, used as a vulnerary, and in liniments and
poultices.
 -- Balsam fir (Bot.), the American coniferous tree, Abies balsamea,
from which the useful Canada balsam is derived.
 -- Balsam of copaiba. See Copaiba.
 -- Balsam of Mecca, balm of Gilead.
 -- Balsam of Peru, a reddish brown, syrupy balsam, obtained from a
Central American tree ( Myroxylon Pereiræ and used as a stomachic and
expectorant, and in the treatment of ulcers, etc. It was long
supposed to be a product of Peru.
 -- Balsam of Tolu, a reddish or yellowish brown semisolid or solid
balsam, obtained from a South American tree ( Myxoxylon toluiferum.).
It is highly fragrant, and is used as a stomachic and expectorant.
 -- Balsam tree, any tree from which balsam is obtained, esp. the
Abies balsamea.
 -- Canada balsam, Balsam of fir, Canada turpentine, a yellowish,
viscid liquid, which, by time and exposure, becomes a transparent
solid mass. It is obtained from the balm of Gilead (or balsam) fir
(Abies balsamea) by breaking the vesicles upon the trunk and
branches. See Balm.

BALSAM
Bal"sam, v. t.

Defn: To treat or anoint with balsam; to relieve, as with balsam; to
render balsamic.

BALSAMATION
Bal`sam*a"tion, n.

1. The act of imparting balsamic properties.

2. The art or process of embalming.

BALSAMIC; BALSAMICAL
Bal*sam"ic, Bal*sam"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. balsamique.]

Defn: Having the qualities of balsam; containing, or resembling,
balsam; soft; mitigative; soothing; restorative.

BALSAMIFEROUS
Bal`sam*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Balsam + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing balsam.

BALSAMINE
Bal"sam*ine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. balsamine, fr. Gr. balsam plant.]
(Bot.)

Defn: The Impatiens balsamina, or garden balsam.

BALSAMOUS
Bal"sam*ous, a.

Defn: Having the quality of balsam; containing balsam. "A balsamous
substance." Sterne.

BALTER
Bal"ter, v. t. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain. Cf. Bloodboltered.]

Defn: To stick together.[Obs.] Holland.

BALTIC
Bal"tic, a. Etym: [NL. mare Balticum, fr. L. balteus belt, from
certain straits or channels surrounding its isles, called belts. See
Belt.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sea which separates Norway and Sweden
from Jutland, Denmark, and Germany; situated on the Baltic Sea.

BALTIMORE BIRD; BALTIMORE ORIOLE
Bal"ti*more bird`. Bal"ti*more o"ri*ole. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A common American bird (Icterus galbula), named after Lord
Baltimore, because its colors (black and orange red) are like those
of his coat of arms; -- called also golden robin.

BALUSTER
Bal"us*ter, n. Etym: [F. balustre, It. balaustro, fr. L. balaustium
the flower of the wild pomegranate, fr. Gr. ; -- so named from the
similarity of form.] (Arch.)

Defn: A row of balusters topped by a rail, serving as an open
parapet, as along the edge of a balcony, terrace, bridge, staircase,
or the eaves of a building.

BALUSTERED
Bal"us*tered (-terd), a.

Defn: Having balusters.  Dryden.

BALUSTRADE
Bal"us*trade` (-trad`), n. [F. balustrade, It. balaustrata fr.
balaustro. See Baluster.] (Arch.)

Defn: A row of balusters topped by a rail, serving as an open
parapet, as along the edge of a balcony, terrace, bridge, staircase,
or the eaves of a building.

BAM
Bam, n. Etym: [Prob. a contr. of bamboozle.]

Defn: An imposition; a cheat; a hoax. Garrick.
To relieve the tediumbams. Prof. Wilson.

BAM
Bam, v. t.

Defn: To cheat; to wheedle. [Slang] Foote.

BAMBINO
Bam*bi"no, n. Etym: [It., a little boy, fr. bambo silly; cf. Gr. , ,
to chatter.]

Defn: A child or baby; esp., a representation in art of the infant
Christ wrapped in swaddling clothes.

BAMBOCCIADE
Bam*boc`ci*ade", n. Etym: [It. bambocciata, fr. Bamboccio a nickname
of Peter Van Laer, a Dutch genre painter; properly, a child,
simpleton, puppet, fr. bambo silly.] (Paint.)

Defn: A representation of a grotesque scene from common or rustic
life.

BAMBOO
Bam*boo", n. Etym: [Malay bambu, mambu.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the family of grasses, and genus Bambusa, growing in
tropical countries.

Note: The most useful species is Bambusa arundinacea, which has a
woody, hollow, round, straight, jointed stem, and grows to the height
of forty feet and upward. The flowers grow in large panicles, from
the joints of the stalk, placed three in a parcel, close to their
receptacles. Old stalks grow to five or six inches in diameter, and
are so hard and durable as to be used for building, and for all sorts
of furniture, for water pipes, and for poles to support palanquins.
The smaller stalks are used for walking sticks, flutes, etc.

BAMBOO
Bam*boo", v. t.

Defn: To flog with the bamboo.

BAMBOOZLE
Bam*boo"zle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bamboozled (p. pr. & vb. n.
Bamboozling ( Etym: [Said to be of Gipsy origin.]

Defn: To deceive by trickery; to cajole by confusing the senses; to
hoax; to mystify; to humbug. [Colloq.] Addison.
What oriental tomfoolery is bamboozling you J. H. Newman.

BAMBOOZLER
Bam*boo"zler, n.

Defn: A swindler; one who deceives by trickery. [Colloq.] Arbuthnot.

BAN
Ban, n. Etym: [AS. bann command, edict; akin to D. ban, Icel. bann,
Dan. band, OHG. ban, G. bann, a public proclamation, as of
interdiction or excommunication, Gr. to say, L. fari to speak, Skr.
bhan to speak; cf. F. ban, LL. bannum, of G. origin. Abandon, Fame.]

1. A public proclamation or edict; a public order or notice,
mandatory or prohibitory; a summons by public proclamation.

2. (Feudal & Mil.)

Defn: A calling together of the king's (esp. the French king's)
vassals for military service; also, the body of vassals thus
assembled or summoned. In present usage, in France and Prussia, the
most effective part of the population liable to military duty and not
in the standing army.

3. pl.

Defn: Notice of a proposed marriage, proclaimed in church. See Banns
(the common spelling in this sense).

4. An interdiction, prohibition, or proscription. "Under ban to
touch." Milton.

5. A curse or anathema. "Hecate's ban." Shak.

6. A pecuniary mulct or penalty laid upon a delinquent for offending
against a ban; as, a mulct paid to a bishop by one guilty of
sacrilege or other crimes. Ban of the empire (German Hist.), an
imperial interdict by which political rights and privileges, as those
of a prince, city, or district, were taken away.

BAN
Ban, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Banned (p. pr. & vb. n. Banning.] Etym: [OE.
bannen, bannien, to summon, curse, AS. bannan to summon; akin to Dan.
bande, forbande, to curse, Sw. banna to revile, bannas to curse. See
Ban an edict, and cf. Banish.]

1. To curse; to invoke evil upon. Sir W. Scott.

2. To forbid; to interdict. Byron.

BAN
Ban, v. i.

Defn: To curse; to swear. [Obs.] Spenser.

BAN
Ban, n. Etym: [Serv. ban; cf. Russ. & Pol. pan a masterban.]

Defn: An ancient title of the warden of the eastern marches of
Hungary; now, a title of the viceroy of Croatia and Slavonia.

BANAL
Ban"al, a. Etym: [F., fr. ban an ordinance.]

Defn: Commonplace; trivial; hackneyed; trite.

BANALITY
Ba*nal"i*ty, n.; pl. Banalities. Etym: [F. banalité. See Banal.]

Defn: Something commonplace, hackneyed, or trivial; the commonplace,
in speech.
The highest things were thus brought down to the banalities of
discourse. J. Morley.

BANANA
Ba*na"na, n. Etym: [Sp. banana, name of the fruit.] (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial herbaceous plant of almost treelike size (Musa
sapientum); also, its edible fruit. See Musa.

Note: The banana has a soft, herbaceous stalk, with leaves of great
length and breadth. The flowers grow in bunches, covered with a
sheath of a green or purple color; the fruit is five or six inches
long, and over an inch in diameter; the pulp is soft, and of a
luscious taste, and is eaten either raw or cooked. This plant is a
native of tropical countries, and furnishes an important article of
food. Banana bird (Zoöl.), a small American bird (Icterus
leucopteryx), which feeds on the banana.
 -- Banana quit (Zoöl.), a small bird of tropical America, of the
genus Certhiola, allied to the creepers.

BANANA SOLUTION
Ba*na"na so*lu"tion.

Defn: A solution used as a vehicle in applying bronze pigments. In
addition to acetote, benzine, and a little pyroxylin, it contains
amyl acetate, which gives it the odor of bananas.

BANAT
Ban"at, n. Etym: [Cf. F. & G. banat. See Ban a warden.]

Defn: The territory governed by a ban.

BANC; BANCUS; BANK
Banc, Ban"cus, Bank, n. Etym: [OF. banc, LL. bancus. See Bank, n.]

Defn: A bench; a high seat, or seat of distinction or judgment; a
tribunal or court. In banc, In banco (the ablative of bancus), In
bank, in full court, or with full judicial authority; as, sittings in
banc (distinguished from sittings at nisi prius).

BANCAL
Ban*cal", n.; pl. -cales (#). [Sp., fr. banca, banco, bench. Cf.
Bench.]

Defn: An ornamental covering, as of carpet or leather, for a bench or
form.

BANCO
Ban"co, n. Etym: [It. See Bank.]

Defn: A bank, especially that of Venice.

Note: This term is used in some parts of Europe to indicate bank
money, as distinguished from the current money, when this last has
become depreciated.

BAND
Band, n. Etym: [OE. band, bond, Icel. band; akin to G., Sw., & D.
band, OHG. bant, Goth. banti, Skr. bandha a binding, bandh to bind,
for bhanda, bhandh, also to E. bend, bind. In sense 7, at least, it
is fr. F. bande, from OHG. bant. Bind, v. t., and cf. Bend, Bond, 1st
Bandy.]

1. A fillet, strap, or any narrow ligament with which a thing is
encircled, or fastened, or by which a number of things are tied,
bound together, or confined; a fetter.
Every one's bands were loosed. Acis xvi 26.

2. (Arch.)
(a) A continuous tablet, stripe, or series of ornaments, as of carved
foliage, of color, or of brickwork, etc.
(b) In Gothic architecture, the molding, or suite of moldings, which
encircles the pillars and small shafts.

3. That which serves as the means of union or connection between
persons; a tie. "To join in Hymen's bands." Shak.

4. A linen collar or ruff worn in the 16th and 17th centuries.

5. pl.

Defn: Two strips of linen hanging from the neck in front as part of a
clerical, legal, or academic dress.

6. A narrow strip of cloth or other material on any article of dress,
to bind, strengthen, ornament, or complete it. "Band and gusset and
seam." Hood.

7. A company of persons united in any common design, especially a
body of armed men.
Troops of horsemen with his bands of foot. Shak.

8. A number of musicians who play together upon portable musical
instruments, especially those making a loud sound, as certain wind
instruments (trumpets, clarinets, etc.), and drums, or cymbals.

9. (Bot.)

Defn: A space between elevated lines or ribs, as of the fruits of
umbelliferous plants.

10. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stripe, streak, or other mark transverse to the axis of the
body.

11. (Mech.)

Defn: A belt or strap.

12. A bond [Obs.] "Thy oath and band." Shak.

13. Pledge; security. [Obs.] Spenser. Band saw, a saw in the form of
an endless steel belt, with teeth on one edge, running over wheels.

BAND
Band, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Banded; p. pr. & vb. n. Banding.]

1. To bind or tie with a band.

2. To mark with a band.

3. To unite in a troop, company, or confederacy. "Banded against his
throne." Milton. Banded architrave, pier, shaft, etc. (Arch.), an
architrave, pier, etc., of which the regular profile is interrupted
by blocks or projections crossing it at right angles.

BAND
Band, v. i.

Defn: To confederate for some common purpose; to unite; to conspire
together.
Certain of the Jews banded together. Acts xxiii. 12.

BAND
Band, v. t.

Defn: To bandy; to drive away. [Obs.]

BAND
Band, imp.

Defn: of Bind. [Obs.]

BANDAGE
Band"age, n. Etym: [F. bandage, fr. bande. See Band.]

1. A fillet or strip of woven material, used in dressing and binding
up wounds, etc.

2. Something resembling a bandage; that which is bound over or round
something to cover, strengthen, or compress it; a ligature.
Zeal too had a place among the rest, with a bandage over her eyes.
Addison.

BANDAGE
Band"age, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bandaged (p. pr. & vb. n. Bandaging (

Defn: To bind, dress, or cover, with a bandage; as, to bandage the
eyes.

BANDALA
Ban*da"la, n.

Defn: A fabric made in Manilla from the older leaf sheaths of the
abaca (Musa textilis).

BANDANNA; BANDANA
Ban*dan"na, Ban*dan"a, n. Etym: [Hind. bandhn a mode of dyeing in
which the cloth is tied in different places so as to prevent the
parts tied from receiving the dye. Cf. Band, n.]

1. A species of silk or cotton handkerchief, having a uniformly dyed
ground, usually of red or blue, with white or yellow figures of a
circular, lozenge, or other simple form.

2. A style of calico printing, in which white or bright spots are
produced upon cloth previously dyed of a uniform red or dark color,
by discharging portions of the color by chemical means, while the
rest of the cloth is under pressure. Ure.

BANDBOX
Band"box`, n.

Defn: A light box of pasteboard or thin wood, usually cylindrical,
for holding ruffs (the bands of the 17th century), collars, caps,
bonnets, etc.

BANDEAU
Ban"deau, n.; pl. Bandeaux. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A narrow band or fillet; a part of a head-dress.
Around the edge of this cap was a stiff bandeau of leather. Sir W.
Scott.

BANDELET; BANDLET
Band"e*let, Band"let, n. Etym: [F. bandelette, dim. of bande. See
Band, n., and ch. Bendlet.] (Arch.)

Defn: A small band or fillet; any little band or flat molding,
compassing a column, like a ring. Gwilt.

BANDER
Band"er, n.

Defn: One banded with others. [R.]

BANDERILLA
Ban`de*ril"la, n. [Sp., dim. of bandera banner. See Banner, and cf.
Banderole.]

Defn: A barbed dart carrying a banderole which the banderillero
thrusts into the neck or shoulder of the bull in a bullfight.

BANDERILLERO
Ban`de*ril*le"ro, n. [Sp.]

Defn: One who thrusts in the banderillas in bullfighting.  W. D.
Howells.

BANDEROLE; BANDROL
Band"e*role, Band"rol, n. Etym: [F. banderole, dim. of bandière,
bannière, banner; cf. It. banderuola a little banner. See Banner.]

Defn: A little banner, flag, or streamer. [Written also bannerol.]
From the extremity of which fluttered a small banderole or streamer
bearing a cross. Sir W. Scott.

BAND FISH
Band" fish`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small red fish of the genus Cepola; the ribbon fish.

BANDICOOT
Ban"di*coot, n. Etym: [A corruption of the native name.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A species of very large rat (Mus giganteus), found in India and
Ceylon. It does much injury to rice fields and gardens.
(b) A ratlike marsupial animal (genus Perameles) of several species,
found in Australia and Tasmania.

BANDING PLANE
Band"ing plane`.

Defn: A plane used for cutting out grooves and inlaying strings and
bands in straight and circular work.

BANDIT
Ban"dit, n.; pl.Bandits, or Banditti. Etym: [It. bandito outlaw, p.p.
of bandire to proclaim, to banish, to proscribe, LL. bandire,
bannire. See Ban an edict, and cf. Banish.]

Defn: An outlaw; a brigand.
No savage fierce, bandit, or mountaineer. Milton.

Note: The plural banditti was formerly used as a collective noun.
Deerstealers are ever a desperate banditti. Sir W. Scott.

BANDLE
Ban"dle, n. Etym: [Ir. bannlamh cubit, fr. bann a measure + lamh
hand, arm.]

Defn: An Irish measure of two feet in length.

BANDLET
Band"let, n.

Defn: Same as Bandelet.

BANDMASTER
Band"mas`ter, n.

Defn: The conductor of a musical band.

BANDOG
Ban"dog`, n. Etym: [Band + dog, i.e., bound dog.]

Defn: A mastiff or other large and fierce dog, usually kept chained
or tied up.
The keeper entered leading his bandog, a large bloodhound, tied in a
leam, or band, from which he takes his name. Sir W. Scott.

BANDOLEER; BANDOLIER
Ban`do*leer", Ban`do*lier", n. Etym: [F. bandoulière (cf.It.
bandoliera, Sp.bandolera), fr.F. bande band, Sp.&It. banda. See Band,
n.]

1. A broad leather belt formerly worn by soldiers over the right
shoulder and across the breast under the left arm. Originally it was
used for supporting the musket and twelve cases for charges, but
later only as a cartridge belt.

2. One of the leather or wooden cases in which the charges of powder
were carried. [Obs.]

BANDOLINE
Ban"do*line, n. Etym: [Perh. allied to band.]

Defn: A glutinous pomatum for the fair.

BANDON
Ban"don, n. Etym: [OF. bandon. See Abandon.]

Defn: Disposal; control; license. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

BANDORE
Ban"dore, n. Etym: [Sp. bandurria, fr. L. pandura, pandurium, a
musical instrument of three strings, fr. Gr. . Cf. Pandore, Banjo,
Mandolin.]

Defn: A musical stringed instrument, similar in form to a guitar; a
pandore.

BANDROL
Band"rol, n.

Defn: Same as Banderole.

BANDY
Ban"dy, n. Etym: [Telugu bandi.]

Defn: A carriage or cart used in India, esp. one drawn by bullocks.

BANDY
Ban"dy, n.; pl. Bandies (. Etym: [Cf. F. bandé, p.p. of bander to
bind, to bend (a bow), to bandy, fr. bande. See Band, n.]

1. A club bent at the lower part for striking a ball at play; a
hockey stick. Johnson.

2. The game played with such a club; hockey; shinney; bandy ball.

BANDY
Ban"dy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bandied (p. pr. & vb. n. Bandying.]

1. To beat to and fro, as a ball in playing at bandy.
Like tennis balls bandied and struck upon us . . . by rackets from
without. Cudworth.

2. To give and receive reciprocally; to exchange. "To bandy hasty
words." Shak.

3. To toss about, as from man to man; to agitate.
Let not obvious and known truth be bandied about in a disputation. I.
Watts.

BANDY
Ban"dy, v. i.

Defn: To content, as at some game in which each strives to drive the
ball his own way.
Fit to bandy with thy lawless sons. Shak.

BANDY
Ban"dy, a.

Defn: Bent; crooked; curved laterally, esp. with the convex side
outward; as, a bandy leg.

BANDY-LEGGED
Ban"dy-legged`, a.

Defn: Having crooked legs.

BANE
Bane, n. Etym: [OE. bane destruction, AS. bana murderer; akin to
Icel. bani death, murderer, OHG. bana murder, bano murderer, murder,
OIr. bath death, benim I strike.

1. That which destroys life, esp. poison of a deadly quality. [Obs.
except in combination, as in ratsbane, henbane, etc.]

2. Destruction; death. [Obs.]
The cup of deception spiced and tempered to their bane. Milton.

3. Any cause of ruin, or lasting injury; harm; woe.
Money, thou bane of bliss, and source of woe. Herbert.

4. A disease in sheep, commonly termed the rot.

Syn.
 -- Poison; ruin; destruction; injury; pest.

BANE
Bane, v. t.

Defn: To be the bane of; to ruin. [Obs.] Fuller.

BANEBERRY
Bane"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus (Actæa) of plants, of the order Ranunculaceæ, native in
the north temperate zone. The red or white berries are poisonous.

BANEFUL
Bane"ful, a.

Defn: Having poisonous qualities; deadly; destructive; injurious;
noxious; pernicious. "Baneful hemlock." Garth. "Baneful wrath."
Chapman.
 -- Bane"ful*ly, adv. --Bane"ful*ness, n.

BANEWORT
Bane"wort, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Deadly nightshade.

BANG
Bang, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Banged; p. pr. & vb. n. Banging.] Etym:
[Icel. banga to hammer; akin to Dan. banke to beat, Sw.bångas to be
impetuous, G. bengel club, clapper of a bell.]

1. To beat, as with a club or cudgel; to treat with violence; to
handle roughly.
The desperate tempest hath so banged the Turks. Shak.

2. To beat or thump, or to cause ( something) to hit or strike
against another object, in such a way as to make a loud noise; as, to
bang a drum or a piano; to bang a door (against the doorpost or
casing) in shutting it.

BANG
Bang, v. i.

Defn: To make a loud noise, as if with a blow or succession of blows;
as, the window blind banged and waked me; he was banging on the
piano.

BANG
Bang, n.

1. A blow as with a club; a heavy blow.
Many a stiff thwack, many a bang. Hudibras.

2. The sound produced by a sudden concussion.

BANG
Bang, v. t.

Defn: To cut squarely across, as the tail of a hors, or the forelock
of human beings; to cut (the hair).
His hair banged even with his eyebrows. The Century Mag.

BANG
Bang, n.

Defn: The short, front hair combed down over the forehead, esp. when
cut squarely across; a false front of hair similarly worn.
His hair cut in front like a young lady's bang. W. D. Howells.

BANG; BANGUE
Bang, Bangue, n.

Defn: See Bhang.

BANGING
Bang"ing, a.

Defn: Huge; great in size. [Colloq.] Forby.

BANGLE
Ban"gle, v. t. Etym: [From 1st Bang.]

Defn: To waste by little and little; to fritter away. [Obs.]

BANGLE
Ban"gle, n. Etym: [Hind. bangri bracelet, bangle.]

Defn: An ornamental circlet, of glass, gold, silver, or other
material, worn by women in India and Africa, and in some other
countries, upon the wrist or ankle; a ring bracelet. Bangle ear, a
loose hanging ear of a horse, like that of a spaniel.

BANIAN
Ban"ian, n. Etym: [Skr. banij merchant. The tree was so named by the
English, because used as a market place by the merchants.]

1. A Hindoo trader, merchant, cashier, or money changer. [Written
also banyan.]

2. A man's loose gown, like that worn by the Banians.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The Indian fig. See Banyan. Banian days (Naut.), days in which
the sailors have no flesh meat served out to them. This use seems to
be borrowed from the Banians or Banya race, who eat no flesh.

BANISH
Ban"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Banished(p. pr. & vb. n. Banishing.]
Etym: [OF. banir, F. bannir, LL. bannire, fr. OHG. bannan to summon,
fr. ban ban. See Ban an edict, and Finish, v. t.]

1. To condemn to exile, or compel to leave one's country, by
authority of the ruling power. "We banish you our territories." Shak.

2. To drive out, as from a home or familiar place; -- used with from
and out of.
How the ancient Celtic tongue came to be banished from the Low
Countries in Scotland. Blair.

3. To drive away; to compel to depart; to dispel. "Banish all
offense." Shak.

Syn.
 -- To Banish, Exile, Expel. The idea of a coercive removal from a
place is common to these terms. A man is banished when he is forced
by the government of a country (be he a foreigner or a native) to
leave its borders. A man is exiled when he is driven into banishment
from his native country and home. Thus to exile is to banish, but to
banish is not always to exile. To expel is to eject or banish,
summarily or authoritatively, and usually under circumstances of
disgrace; as, to expel from a college; expelled from decent society.

BANISHER
Ban"ish*er, n.

Defn: One who banishes.

BANISHMENT
Ban"ish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. bannissement.]

Defn: The act of banishing, or the state of being banished.
He secured himself by the banishment of his enemies. Johnson.
Round the wide world in banishment we roam. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Expatriation; ostracism; expulsion; proscription; exile;
outlawry.

BANISTER
Ban"is*ter, n. Etym: [Formerly also banjore and banjer; corrupted
from bandore, through negro slave pronunciation.]

Defn: A stringed musical instrument having a head and neck like the
guitar, and its body like a tambourine. It has five strings, and is
played with the fingers and hands.

BANJO
Ban"jo, n. [Formerly also banjore and banjer; corrupted from bandore,
through negro slave pronunciation.]

Defn: A stringed musical instrument having a head and neck like the
guitar, and its body like a tambourine. It has five strings, and is
played with the fingers and hands.

BANJORINE
Ban`jo*rine", n. [From banjore banjo. See Banjo.] (Music.)

Defn: A kind of banjo, with a short neck, tuned a fourth higher than
the common banjo; -- popularly so called.

BANK
Bank, n. Etym: [OE. banke; akin to E. bench, and prob. of Scand.
origin.; cf. Icel. bakki. See Bench.]

1. A mound, pile, or ridge of earth, raised above the surrounding
level; hence, anything shaped like a mound or ridge of earth; as, a
bank of clouds; a bank of snow.
They cast up a bank against the city. 2 Sam. xx. 15.

2. A steep acclivity, as the slope of a hill, or the side of a
ravine.

3. The margin of a watercourse; the rising ground bordering a lake,
river, or sea, or forming the edge of a cutting, or other hollow.
Tiber trembled underneath her banks. Shak.

4. An elevation, or rising ground, under the sea; a shoal, shelf, or
shallow; as, the banks of Newfoundland.

5. (Mining)
(a) The face of the coal at which miners are working.
(b) A deposit of ore or coal, worked by excavations above water
level.
(c) The ground at the top of a shaft; as, ores are brought to bank.
Bank beaver (Zoöl.), the otter. [Local, U.S.] -- Bank swallow, a
small American and European swallow (Clivicola riparia) that nests in
a hole which it excavates in a bank.

BANK
Bank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Banked(p. pr. & vb. n. Banking.]

1. To raise a mound or dike about; to inclose, defend, or fortify
with a bank; to embank. "Banked well with earth." Holland.

2. To heap or pile up; as, to bank sand.

3. To pass by the banks of. [Obs.] Shak. To bank a fire, To bank up a
fire, to cover the coals or embers with ashes or cinders, thus
keeping the fire low but alive.

BANK
Bank, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. F. banc. Of German origin, and akin to E.
bench. See Bench.]

1. A bench, as for rowers in a galley; also, a tier of oars.
Placed on their banks, the lusty Trojan sweep Neptune's smooth face,
and cleave the yielding deep. Waller.

2. (Law)
(a) The bench or seat upon which the judges sit.
(b) The regular term of a court of law, or the full court sitting to
hear arguments upon questions of law, as distinguished from a sitting
at Nisi Prius, or a court held for jury trials. See Banc. Burrill.

3. (Printing)

Defn: A sort of table used by printers.

4. (Music)

Defn: A bench, or row of keys belonging to a keyboard, as in an
organ. Knight.

BANK
Bank, n. Etym: [F. banque, It. banca, orig. bench, table, counter, of
German origin, and akin to E. bench; cf. G. bank bench, OHG. banch.
See Bench, and cf. Banco, Beach.]

1. An establishment for the custody, loan, exchange, or issue, of
money, and for facilitating the transmission of funds by drafts or
bills of exchange; an institution incorporated for performing one or
more of such functions, or the stockholders (or their
representatives, the directors), acting in their corporate capacity.

2. The building or office used for banking purposes.

3. A fund from deposits or contributions, to be used in transacting
business; a joint stock or capital. [Obs.]
Let it be no bank or common stock, but every man be master of his own
money. Bacon.

4. (Gaming)

Defn: The sum of money or the checks which the dealer or banker has
as a fund, from which to draw his stakes and pay his losses.

5. In certain games, as dominos, a fund of pieces from which the
players are allowed to draw. Bank credit, a credit by which a person
who has give -- Bank of deposit, a bank which receives money for safe
keeping.
 -- Bank of issue, a bank which issues its own notes payable to
bearer.

BANK
Bank, v. t.

Defn: To deposit in a bank.

BANK
Bank, v. i.

1. To keep a bank; to carry on the business of a banker.

2. To deposit money in a bank; to have an account with a banker.

BANKABLE
Bank"a*ble, a.

Defn: Receivable at a bank.

BANK BILL
Bank" bill`.

1. In America (and formerly in England), a promissory note of a bank
payable to the bearer on demand, and used as currency; a bank note.

2. In England, a note, or a bill of exchange, of a bank, payable to
order, and usually at some future specified time. Such bills are
negotiable, but form, in the strict sense of the term, no part of the
currency.

BANK BOOK
Bank" book`.

Defn: A book kept by a depositor, in which an officer of a bank
enters the debits and credits of the depositor's account with the
bank.

BANK DISCOUNT
Bank discount.

Defn: A sum equal to the interest at a given rate on the principal
(face) of a bill or note from the time of discounting until it
becomes due.

BANKER
Bank"er, n.Etym: [See the nouns Bank and the verbs derived from
them.]

1. One who conducts the business of banking; one who, individually,
or as a member of a company, keeps an establishment for the deposit
or loan of money, or for traffic in money, bills of exchange, etc.

2. A money changer. [Obs.]

3. The dealer, or one who keeps the bank in a gambling house.

4. A vessel employed in the cod fishery on the banks of Newfoundland.
Grabb. J. Q. Adams.

5. A ditcher; a drain digger. [Prov. Eng.]

6. The stone bench on which masons cut or square their work. Weale.

BANKERESS
Bank"er*ess, n.

Defn: A female banker. Thackeray.

BANKING
Bank"ing, n.

Defn: The business of a bank or of a banker. Banking house, an
establishment or office in which, or a firm by whom, banking is done.

BANK NOTE
Bank" note`.

1. A promissory note issued by a bank or banking company, payable to
bearer on demand.

Note: In the United States popularly called a bank bill.

2. Formerly, a promissory note made by a banker, or banking company,
payable to a specified person at a fixed date; a bank bill. See Bank
bill, 2. [Obs.]

3. A promissory note payable at a bank.

BANKRUPT
Bank"rupt, n. Etym: [F. banqueroute, fr. It. bancarotta bankruptcy;
banca bank (fr. OHG. banch, G. bank, bench) + rotta broken, fr. L.
ruptus, p.p. of rumpere to break. At Florence, it is said, the
bankrupt had his bench ( i.e., money table) broken. See 1st Bank, and
Rupture, n.]

1. (Old Eng. Low)

Defn: A trader who secretes himself, or does certain other acts
tending to defraud his creditors. Blackstone.

2. A trader who becomes unable to pay his debts; an insolvent trader;
popularly, any person who is unable to pay his debts; an insolvent
person. M

3. (Law)

Defn: A person who, in accordance with the terms of a law relating to
bankruptcy, has been judicially declared to be unable to meet his
liabilities.

Note: In England, until the year 1861 none but a "trader" could be
made a bankrupt; a non-trader failing to meet his liabilities being
an "insolvent". But this distinction was abolished by the Bankruptcy
Act of 1861. The laws of 1841 and 1867 of the United States relating
to bankruptcy applied this designation bankrupt to others besides
those engaged in trade.

BANKRUPT
Bank"rupt, a.

1. Being a bankrupt or in a condition of bankruptcy; unable to pay,
or legally discharged from paying, one's debts; as, a bankrupt
merchant.

2. Depleted of money; not having the means of meeting pecuniary
liabilities; as, a bankrupt treasury.

3. Relating to bankrupts and bankruptcy.

4. Destitute of, or wholly wanting (something once possessed, or
something one should possess). "Bankrupt in gratitude." Sheridan.
Bankrupt law, a law by which the property of a person who is unable
or unwilling to pay his debts may be taken and distributed to his
creditors, and by which a person who has made a full surrender of his
property, and is free from fraud, may be discharged from the legal
obligation of his debts. See Insolvent, a.

BANKRUPT
Bank"rupt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bankrupted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bankrupting.]

Defn: To make bankrupt; to bring financial ruin upon; to impoverish.

BANKRUPTCY
Bank"rupt*cy, n.; pl. Bankruptcies(

1. The state of being actually or legally bankrupt.

2. The act or process of becoming a bankrupt.

3. Complete loss; -- followed by of.

BANKSIDE
Bank"side`, n.

Defn: The slope of a bank, especially of the bank of a steam.

BANK-SIDED
Bank"-sid`ed, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Having sides inclining inwards, as a ship; -- opposed to wall-
sided.

BANK SWALLOW
Bank" swal"low.

Defn: See under 1st Bank, n.

BANLIEUE
Ban"li*eue`, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. bannum leucae, banleuca; bannum
jurisdiction + leuca league.]

Defn: The territory without the walls, but within the legal limits,
of a town or city. Brande & C.

BANNER
Ban"ner, n. Etym: [OE. banere, OF. baniere, F. bannière, bandière,
fr. LL. baniera, banderia, fr. bandum banner, fr. OHG. bant band,
strip of cloth; cf. bindan to bind, Goth. bandwa, bandwo, a sign. See
Band, n.]

1. A kind of flag attached to a spear or pike by a crosspiece, and
used by a chief as his standard in battle.
Hang out our banners on the outward walls. Shak.

2. A large piece of silk or other cloth, with a device or motto,
extended on a crosspiece, and borne in a procession, or suspended in
some conspicuous place.

3. Any flag or standard; as, the star-spangled banner. Banner fish
(Zoöl.), a large fish of the genus Histiophorus, of the Swordfish
family, having a broad bannerlike dorsal fin; the sailfish. One
species (H. Americanus) inhabits the North Atlantic.

BANNERED
Ban"nered, a.

Defn: Decorated with a banner or banners "bannered host." Milton.

BANNERET
Ban"ner*et, n.Etym: [OE. baneret, OF. baneret, F. banneret; properly
a dim. of OF. baniere. See Banner.]

1. Originally, a knight who led his vassals into the field under his
own banner; -- commonly used as a title of rank.

2. A title of rank, conferred for heroic deeds, and hence, an order
of knighthood; also, the person bearing such title or rank.

Note: The usual mode of conferring the rank on the field of battle
was by cutting or tearing off the point of the pennon or pointed flag
on the spear of the candidate, thereby making it a banner.

3. A civil officer in some Swiss cantons.

4. A small banner. Shak.

BANNEROL
Ban"ner*ol, n.

Defn: A banderole; esp. a banner displayed at a funeral procession
and set over the tomb. See Banderole.

BANNITION
Ban*ni"tion, n. Etym: [LL. bannitio. See Banish.]

Defn: The act of expulsion.[Obs.] Abp. Laud.

BANNOCK
Ban"nock, n. Etym: [Gael. bonnach.]

Defn: A kind of cake or bread, in shape flat and roundish, commonly
made of oatmeal or barley meal and baked on an iron plate, or
griddle; -- used in Scotland and the northern counties of England.
Jamieson. Bannock fluke, the turbot. [Scot.]

BANNS
Banns, n. pl. Etym: [See Ban.]

Defn: Notice of a proposed marriage, proclaimed in a church, or other
place prescribed by law, in order that any person may object, if he
knows of just cause why the marriage should not take place.

BANQUET
Ban"quet, n. Etym: [F., a feast, prop. a dim. of banc bench; cf. It.
banchetto, dim. of banco a bench, counter. See Bank a bench, and cf.
Banquette.]

1. A feast; a sumptuous entertainment of eating and drinking; often,
a complimentary or ceremonious feast, followed by speeches.

2. A dessert; a course of sweetmeats; a sweetmeat or sweetmeats.
[Obs.]
We'll dine in the great room, but let the music And banquet be
prepared here. Massinger.

BANQUET
Ban"quet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Banqueted; p. pr. & vb. n. Banqueting.]

Defn: To treat with a banquet or sumptuous entertainment of food; to
feast.
Just in time to banquet The illustrious company assembled there.
Coleridge.

BANQUET
Ban"quet, v.i.

1. To regale one's self with good eating and drinking; to feast.
Were it a draught for Juno when she banquets, I would not taste thy
treasonous offer. Milton.

2. To partake of a dessert after a feast. [Obs.]
Where they did both sup and banquet. Cavendish.

BANQUETTE
Ban*quette", n. Etym: [F. See Banquet, n.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A raised way or foot bank, running along the inside of a
parapet, on which musketeers stand to fire upon the enemy.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A narrow window seat; a raised shelf at the back or the top of
a buffet or dresser.

BANQUETTER; BANQUETER
Ban"quet*ter, n.

Defn: One who banquets; one who feasts or makes feasts.

BANSHEE; BANSHIE
Ban"shee, Ban"shie, n. Etym: [Gael. bean-shith fairy; Gael. & Ir.
bean woman + Gael. sith fairy.]

Defn: A supernatural being supposed by the Irish and Scotch peasantry
to warn a family of the speedy death of one of its members, by
wailing or singing in a mournful voice under the windows of the
house.

BANSSHEE; BANSHIE
Bans"shee, Ban"shie, n. [Gael. bean-shith fairy; Gael. & Ir. bean
woman + Gael. sith fairy.] (Celtic Folklore)

Defn: A supernatural being supposed to warn a family of the
approaching death of one of its members, by wailing or singing in a
mournful voice.

BANSTICKLE
Ban"stic`kle, n. Etym: [OE. ban, bon, bone + stickle prickle, sting.
See Bone, n., Stickleback.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small fish, the three-spined stickleback.

BANTAM
Ban"tam, n.

Defn: A variety of small barnyard fowl, with feathered legs, probably
brought from Bantam, a district of Java.

BANTAM WORK
Ban"tam work`.

Defn: Carved and painted work in imitation of Japan ware.

BANTENG
Ban"teng, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wild ox of Java (Bibos Banteng).

BANTER
Ban"ter, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Bantered(p. pr. & vb. n. Bantering.]
Etym: [Prob. corrupted fr. F. badiner to joke, or perh. fr. E. bandy
to beat to and fro. See Badinage, and cf. Barter fr. OF. barater.]

1. To address playful good-natured ridicule to, -- the person
addressed, or something pertaining to him, being the subject of the
jesting; to rally; as, he bantered me about my credulity.
Hag-ridden by my own fancy all night, and then bantered on my haggard
looks the next day. W. Irving.

2. To jest about; to ridicule in speaking of, as some trait, habit,
characteristic, and the like. [Archaic]
If they banter your regularity, order, and love of study, banter in
return their neglect of them. Chatham.

3. To delude or trick, -- esp. by way of jest. [Obs.]
We diverted ourselves with bantering several poor scholars with hopes
of being at least his lordship's chaplain. De Foe.

4. To challenge or defy to a match. [Colloq. Southern and Western
U.S.]

BANTER
Ban"ter, n.

Defn: The act of bantering; joking or jesting; humorous or good-
humored raillery; pleasantry.
Part banter, part affection. Tennyson.

BANTERER
Ban"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who banters or rallies.

BANTINGISM
Ban"ting*ism, n.

Defn: A method of reducing corpulence by avoiding food containing
much farinaceous, saccharine, or oily matter; -- so called from
William Banting of London.

BANTLING
Bant"ling, n. Etym: [Prob. for bandling, from band, and meaning a
child wrapped in swaddling bands; or cf. G. bäntling a bastard, fr.
bank bench. Cf. Bastard, n.]

Defn: A young or small child; an infant. [Slightly contemptuous or
depreciatory.]
In what out of the way corners genius produces her bantlings. W.
Irving.

BANTU
Ban"tu, n.

Defn: A member of one of the great family of Negroid tribes occupying
equatorial and southern Africa. These tribes include, as important
divisions, the Kafirs, Damaras, Bechuanas, and many tribes whose
names begin with Aba-, Ama-, Ba-, Ma-, Wa-, variants of the Bantu
plural personal prefix Aba-, as in Ba-ntu, or Aba-ntu, itself a
combination of this prefix with the syllable -ntu, a person. --
Ban"tu, a.

BANXRING
Banx"ring, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian insectivorous mammal of the genus Tupaia.

BANYAN
Ban"yan, n. Etym: [See Banian.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tree of the same genus as the common fig, and called the
Indian fig (Ficus Indica), whose branches send shoots to the ground,
which take root and become additional trunks, until it may be the
tree covers some acres of ground and is able to shelter thousands of
men.

BANZAI
Ban"zai", interj. [Jap. banzai, banzei, ten thousand years, forever.]

Defn: Lit., May you live ten thousand years; -- used in salutation of
the emperor and as a battle cry. [Japan]

BAOBAB
Ba"o*bab, n. Etym: [The native name.] (Bot.)

Defn: A gigantic African tree (Adansonia digitata), also naturalized
in India. See Adansonia.

BAPHOMET
Baph"o*met, n.Etym: [A corruption of Mahomet or Mohammed, the Arabian
prophet: cf. Pr. Bafomet, OSp. Mafomat, OPg. Mafameda.]

Defn: An idol or symbolical figure which the Templars were accused of
using in their mysterious rites.

BAPTISM
Bap"tism, n. Etym: [OE. baptim, baptem, OE. baptesme, batisme, F.
baptême, L. baptisma, fr. Gr. , fr. to baptize, fr. to dip in water,
akin to deep, Skr. gah to dip, bathe, v. i.]

Defn: The act of baptizing; the application of water to a person, as
a sacrament or religious ceremony, by which he is initiated into the
visible church of Christ. This is performed by immersion, sprinkling,
or pouring.

BAPTISMAL
Bap*tis"mal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. baptismal.]

Defn: Pertaining to baptism; as, baptismal vows. Baptismal name, the
Christian name, which is given at baptism.

BAPTISMALLY
Bap*tis"mal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a baptismal manner.

BAPTIST
Bap"tist, n. Etym: [L. baptista, G. ]

1. One who administers baptism; -- specifically applied to John, the
forerunner of Christ. Milton.

2. One of a denomination of Christians who deny the validity of
infant baptism and of sprinkling, and maintain that baptism should be
administered to believers alone, and should be by immersion. See
Anabaptist.

Note: In doctrine the Baptists of this country [the United States]
are Calvinistic, but with much freedom and moderation. Amer. Cyc.
Freewill Baptists, a sect of Baptists who are Arminian in doctrine,
and practice open communion.
 -- Seventh-day Baptists, a sect of Baptists who keep the seventh day
of the week, or Saturday, as the Sabbath. See Sabbatarian. The
Dunkers and Campbellites are also Baptists.

BAPTISTERY; BAPTISTRY
Bap"tis*ter*y,Bap"tis*try, n.; pl. Baptisteries (, -tries (. Etym:
[L. baptisterium, Gr. : cf. F. baptistère.] (Arch.)
(a) In early times, a separate building, usually polygonal, used for
baptismal services. Small churches were often changed into
baptisteries when larger churches were built near.
(b) A part of a church containing a font and used for baptismal
services.

BAPTISTIC
Bap*tis"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. ]

Defn: Of or for baptism; baptismal.

BAPTISTICAL
Bap*tis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Baptistic. [R.]

BAPTIZABLE
Bap*tiz"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being baptized; fit to be baptized. Baxter.

BAPTIZATION
Bap`ti*za"tion, n.

Defn: Baptism. [Obs.]
Their baptizations were null. Jer. Taylor.

BAPTIZE
Bap*tize", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Baptized (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Baptizing.] Etym: [F. baptiser, L. baptizare, fr.Gr. . See Baptism.]

1. To administer the sacrament of baptism to.

2. To christen ( because a name is given to infants at their
baptism); to give a name to; to name.
I'll be new baptized; Henceforth I never will be Romeo. Shak.

3. To sanctify; to consecrate.

BAPTIZEMENT
Bap*tize"ment, n.

Defn: The act of baptizing.[R.]

BAPTIZER
Bap*tiz"er, n.

Defn: One who baptizes.

BAR
Bar, n. Etym: [OE. barre, F. barre, fr. LL. barra, W. bar the branch
of a tree, bar, baren branch, Gael. & Ir. barra bar.

1. A piece of wood, metal, or other material, long in proportion to
its breadth or thickness, used as a lever and for various other
purposes, but especially for a hindrance, obstruction, or fastening;
as, the bars of a fence or gate; the bar of a door.
Thou shalt make bars of shittim wood. Ex. xxvi. 26.

2. An indefinite quantity of some substance, so shaped as to be long
in proportion to its breadth and thickness; as, a bar of gold or of
lead; a bar of soap.

3. Anything which obstructs, hinders, or prevents; an obstruction; a
barrier.
Must I new bars to my own joy create Dryden.

4. A bank of sand, gravel, or other matter, esp. at the mouth of a
river or harbor, obstructing navigation.

5. Any railing that divides a room, or office, or hall of assembly,
in order to reserve a space for those having special privileges; as,
the bar of the House of Commons.

6. (Law)
(a) The railing that incloses the place which counsel occupy in
courts of justice. Hence, the phrase at the bar of the court
signifies in open court.
(b) The place in court where prisoners are stationed for arraignment,
trial, or sentence.
(c) The whole body of lawyers licensed in a court or district; the
legal profession.
(d) A special plea constituting a sufficient answer to plaintiff's
action.

7. Any tribunal; as, the bar of public opinion; the bar of God.

8. A barrier or counter, over which liquors and food are passed to
customers; hence, the portion of the room behind the counter where
liquors for sale are kept.

9. (Her.)

Defn: An ordinary, like a fess but narrower, occupying only one fifth
part of the field.

10. A broad shaft, or band, or stripe; as, a bar of light; a bar of
color.

11. (Mus.)

Defn: A vertical line across the staff. Bars divide the staff into
spaces which represent measures, and are themselves called measures.

Note: A double bar marks the end of a strain or main division of a
movement, or of a whole piece of music; in psalmody, it marks the end
of a line of poetry. The term bar is very often loosely used for
measure, i.e., for such length of music, or of silence, as is
included between one bar and the next; as, a passage of eight bars;
two bars' rest.

12. (Far.) pl.
(a) The space between the tusks and grinders in the upper jaw of a
horse, in which the bit is placed.
(b) The part of the crust of a horse's hoof which is bent inwards
towards the frog at the heel on each side, and extends into the
center of the sole.

13. (Mining)
(a) A drilling or tamping rod.
(b) A vein or dike crossing a lode.

14. (Arch.)
(a) A gatehouse of a castle or fortified town.
(b) A slender strip of wood which divides and supports the glass of a
window; a sash bar. Bar shoe (Far.), a kind of horseshoe having a bar
across the usual opening at the heel, to protect a tender frog from
injury.
 -- Bar shot, a double headed shot, consisting of a bar, with a ball
or half ball at each end; -- formerly used for destroying the masts
or rigging in naval combat.
 -- Bar sinister (Her.), a term popularly but erroneously used for
baton, a mark of illegitimacy. See Baton.
 -- Bar tracery (Arch.), ornamental stonework resembling bars of iron
twisted into the forms required.
 -- Blank bar (Law). See Blank.
 -- Case at bar (Law), a case presently before the court; a case
under argument.
 -- In bar of, as a sufficient reason against; to prevent.
 -- Matter in bar, or Defence in bar, a plea which is a final defense
in an action.
 -- Plea in bar, a plea which goes to bar or defeat the plaintiff's
action absolutely and entirely.
 -- Trial at bar (Eng. Law), a trial before all the judges of one the
superior courts of Westminster, or before a quorum representing the
full court.

BAR
Bar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Barred (p. pr. & vb. n. Barring.] Etym: [ F.
barrer. See Bar, n.]

1. To fasten with a bar; as, to bar a door or gate.

2. To restrict or confine, as if by a bar; to hinder; to obstruct; to
prevent; to prohibit; as, to bar the entrance of evil; distance bars
our intercourse; the statute bars my right; the right is barred by
time; a release bars the plaintiff's recovery; -- sometimes with up.
He barely looked the idea in the face, and hastened to bar it in its
dungeon. Hawthorne.

3. To except; to exclude by exception.
Nay, but I bar to-night: you shall not gauge me By what we do to-
night. Shak.

4. To cross with one or more stripes or lines.
For the sake of distinguishing the feet more clearly, I have barred
them singly. Burney.

BARACA
Ba*ra"ca, n.

Defn: An international, interdenominational organization of Bible
classes of young men; -- so named in allusion to the Hebrew word
Berachah (Meaning blessing) occurring in 2 Chron. xx. 26 and 1 Chron.
xii.

BARAD
Bar"ad, n. [Gr.  weight.] (Physics)

Defn: The pressure of one dyne per square centimeter; -- used as a
unit of pressure.

BARAESTHESIOMETER; BARESTHESIOMETER
Bar`æs*the`si*om"e*ter, Bar`es*the`si*om"e*ter, n. [Gr.  weight +
æsthesiometer.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for determining the delicacy of the sense of
pressure. -- Bar`æs*the`si*o*met"ric, Bar`es*the`si*o*met"ric (#), a.

BARATHEA
Bar`a*the"a, n.

Defn: A soft fabric with a kind of basket weave and a diapered
pattern.

BARB
Barb, n. Etym: [F. barbe, fr. L. barba beard. See Beard, n.]

1. Beard, or that which resembles it, or grows in the place of it.
The barbel, so called by reason of his barbs, or wattles in his
mouth. Walton.

2. A muffler, worn by nuns and mourners. [Obs.]

3. pl.

Defn: Paps, or little projections, of the mucous membrane, which mark
the opening of the submaxillary glands under the tongue in horses and
cattle. The name is mostly applied when the barbs are inflamed and
swollen. [Written also barbel and barble.]

4. The point that stands backward in an arrow, fishhook, etc., to
prevent it from being easily extracted. Hence: Anything which stands
out with a sharp point obliquely or crosswise to something else.
"Having two barbs or points." Ascham.

5. A bit for a horse. [Obs.] Spenser.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the side branches of a feather, which collectively
constitute the vane. See Feather.

7. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A southern name for the kingfishes of the eastern and
southeastern coasts of the United States; -- also improperly called
whiting.

8. (Bot.)

Defn: A hair or bristle ending in a double hook.

BARB
Barb, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Barbed (p. pr. & vb. n. Barbing.]

1. To shave or dress the beard of. [Obs.]

2. To clip; to mow. [Obs.] Marston.

3. To furnish with barbs, or with that which will hold or hurt like
barbs, as an arrow, fishhook, spear, etc.
But rattling storm of arrows barbed with fire. Milton.

BARB
Barb, n. Etym: [F. barbe, fr. Barbarie.]

1. The Barbary horse, a superior breed introduces from Barbary into
Spain by the Moors.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A blackish or dun variety of the pigeon, originally brought
from Barbary.

BARB
Barb, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. bard.]

Defn: Armor for a horse. Same as 2d Bard, n., 1.

BARBACAN
Bar"ba*can, n.

Defn: See Barbican.

BARBACANAGE
Bar"ba*can*age, n.

Defn: See Barbicanage.

BARBADIAN
Bar*ba"di*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Barbados.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Barbados.

BARBADOS; BARBADOES
Bar*ba"dos or Bar*ba"does, n.

Defn: A West Indian island, giving its name to a disease, to a
cherry, etc. Barbados cherry (Bot.), a genus of trees of the West
Indies (Malpighia) with an agreeably acid fruit resembling a cherry.
 -- Barbados leg (Med.), a species of elephantiasis incident to hot
climates.
 -- Barbados nuts, the seeds of the Jatropha curcas, a plant growing
in South America and elsewhere. The seeds and their acrid oil are
used in medicine as a purgative. See Physic nut.

BARBARA
Bar"ba*ra, n. Etym: [Coined by logicians.] (Logic)

Defn: The first word in certain mnemonic lines which represent the
various forms of the syllogism. It indicates a syllogism whose three
propositions are universal affirmatives. Whately.

BARBARESQUE
Bar`ba*resque", a.

Defn: Barbaric in form or style; as, barbaresque architecture. De
Quincey.

BARBARIAN
Bar*ba"ri*an, n. Etym: [See Barbarous.]

1. A foreigner. [Historical]
Therefore if I know not the meaning of the voice, I shall be unto him
that speaketh a barbarian, and he that speaketh shall be a barbarian
unto me.

2. A man in a rule, savage, or uncivilized state.

3. A person destitute of culture. M. Arnold.

4. A cruel, savage, brutal man; one destitute of pity or humanity.
"Thou fell barbarian." Philips.

BARBARIAN
Bar*ba"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of, or pertaining to, or resembling, barbarians; rude;
uncivilized; barbarous; as, barbarian governments or nations.

BARBARIC
Bar*ba"ric, a. Etym: [L. barbaricus foreign, barbaric, Gr. .]

1. Of, or from, barbarian nations; foreign; -- often with reference
to barbarous nations of east. "Barbaric pearl and gold." Milton.

2. Of or pertaining to, or resembling, an uncivilized person or
people; barbarous; barbarian; destitute of refinement. "Wild,
barbaric music." Sir W. Scott.

BARBARISM
Bar"ba*rism, n. Etym: [L. barbarismus, Gr.; cf. F. barbarisme.]

1. An uncivilized state or condition; rudeness of manners; ignorance
of arts, learning, and literature; barbarousness. Prescott.

2. A barbarous, cruel, or brutal action; an outrage.
A heinous barbarism . . . against the honor of marriage. Milton.

3. An offense against purity of style or language; any form of speech
contrary to the pure idioms of a particular language. See Solecism.
The Greeks were the first that branded a foreign term in any of their
writers with the odious name of barbarism. G. Campbell.

BARBARITY
Bar*bar"i*ty, n.; pl. Barbarities. Etym: [From Barbarous.]

Defn: The state or manner of a barbarian; lack of civilization.

2. Cruelty; ferociousness; inhumanity.
Treating Christians with a barbarity which would have shocked the
very Moslem. Macaulay.

3. A barbarous or cruel act.

4. Barbarism; impurity of speech. [Obs.] Swift.

BARBARIZE
Bar"ba*rize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Barbarized (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Barbarizing (.]

1. To become barbarous.
The Roman empire was barbarizing rapidly from the time of Trajan. De
Quincey.

2. To adopt a foreign or barbarous mode of speech.
The ill habit . . . of wretched barbarizing against the Latin and
Greek idiom, with their untutored Anglicisms. Milton.

BARBARIZE
Bar"ba*rize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. barbariser, LL. barbarizare.]

Defn: To make barbarous.
The hideous changes which have barbarized France. Burke.

BARBAROUS
Bar"ba*rous, a. Etym: [L. barbarus, Gr. , strange, foreign; later,
slavish, rude, ignorant; akin to L. balbus stammering, Skr. barbara
stammering, outlandish. Cf. Brave, a.]

1. Being in the state of a barbarian; uncivilized; rude; peopled with
barbarians; as, a barbarous people; a barbarous country.

2. Foreign; adapted to a barbaric taste.[Obs.]
Barbarous gold. Dryden.

3. Cruel; ferocious; inhuman; merciless.
By their barbarous usage he died within a few days, to the grief of
all that knew him. Clarendon.

4. Contrary to the pure idioms of a language.
A barbarous expression G. Campbell.

Syn.
 -- Uncivilized; unlettered; uncultivated; untutored; ignorant;
merciless; brutal. See Ferocious.

BARBAROUSLY
Bar"ba*rous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a barbarous manner.

BARBAROUSNESS
Bar"ba*rous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being barbarous; barbarity; barbarism.

BARBARY
Bar"ba*ry, n. Etym: [Fr. Ar. Barbar the people of Barbary.]

Defn: The countries on the north coast of Africa from Egypt to the
Atlantic. Hence: A Barbary horse; a barb. [Obs.] Also, a kind of
pigeon. Barbary ape (Zoöl.), an ape (Macacus innus) of north Africa
and Gibraltar Rock, being the only monkey inhabiting Europe. It is
very commonly trained by showmen.

BARBASTEL
Bar"ba*stel`, n. Etym: [F. barbastelle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European bat (Barbastellus communis), with hairy lips.

BARBATE
Bar"bate, a. Etym: [L. barbatus, fr. barba beard. See Barb beard.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Bearded; beset with long and weak hairs.

BARBATED
Bar"ba*ted, a.

Defn: Having barbed points.
A dart uncommonly barbated. T. Warton.

BARBECUE
Bar"be*cue, n. Etym: [In the language of Indians of Guiana, a frame
on which all kinds of flesh and fish are roasted or smoke-dried.]

1. A hog, ox, or other large animal roasted or broiled whole for a
feast.

2. A social entertainment, where many people assemble, usually in the
open air, at which one or more large animals are roasted or broiled
whole.

3. A floor, on which coffee beans are sun-dried.

BARBECUE
Bar"be*cue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Barbecued (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Barbecuing.]

1. To dry or cure by exposure on a frame or gridiron.
They use little or no salt, but barbecue their game and fish in the
smoke. Stedman.

2. To roast or broil whole, as an ox or hog.
Send me, gods, a whole hog barbecued. Pope.

BARBED
Barbed, a. Etym: [See 4th Bare.]

Defn: Accoutered with defensive armor; -- said of a horse. See Barded
( which is the proper form.) Sir W. Raleigh.

BARBED
Barbed, a.

Defn: Furnished with a barb or barbs; as, a barbed arrow; barbed
wire. Barbed wire, a wire, or a strand of twisted wires, armed with
barbs or sharp points. It is used for fences.

BARBEL
Bar"bel, n.Etym: [OE. barbel, F. barbeau, dim. of L. barbus barbel,
fr. barba beard. See 1st Barb.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A slender tactile organ on the lips of certain fished.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large fresh-water fish ( Barbus vulgaris) found in many
European rivers. Its upper jaw is furnished with four barbels.

3. pl.

Defn: Barbs or paps under the tongued of horses and cattle. See 1st
Barb, 3.

BARBELLATE
Bar"bel*late, a. Etym: [See 1st Barb.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having short, stiff hairs, often barbed at the point. Gray.

BARBELLULATE
Bar*bel"lu*late, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Barbellate with diminutive hairs or barbs.

BARBER
Bar"ber, n. Etym: [OE. barbour, OF. barbeor, F. barbier, as if fr. an
assumed L. barbator, fr. barba beard. See 1st Barb.]

Defn: One whose occupation it is to shave or trim the beard, and to
cut and dress the hair of his patrons. Barber's itch. See under Itch.

Note: Formerly the barber practiced some offices of surgery, such as
letting blood and pulling teeth. Hence such terms as barber surgeon (
old form barber chirurgeon), barber surgery, etc.

BARBER
Bar"ber, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Barbered (p. pr. & vb. n. Barbering.]

Defn: To shave and dress the beard or hair of. Shak.

BARBER FISH
Bar"ber fish. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Surgeon fish.

BARBERMONGER
Bar"ber*mon`ger, n.

Defn: A fop. [Obs.]

BARBERRY
Bar"ber*ry, n. Etym: [OE. barbarin, barbere, OF. berbere.] (Bot.)

Defn: A shrub of the genus Berberis, common along roadsides and in
neglected fields. B. vulgaris is the species best known; its oblong
red berries are made into a preserve or sauce, and have been deemed
efficacious in fluxes and fevers. The bark dyes a fine yellow, esp.
the bark of the root. [Also spelt berberry.]

BARBET
Bar"bet, n. Etym: [F. barbet, fr.barbe beard, long hair of certain
animals. See Barb beard.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A variety of small dog, having long curly hair.
(b) A bird of the family Bucconidæ, allied to the Cuckoos, having a
large, conical beak swollen at the base, and bearded with five
bunches of stiff bristles; the puff bird. It inhabits tropical
America and Africa.
(c) A larva that feeds on aphides.

BARBETTE
Bar*bette", n. Etym: [F. Cf. Barbet.] (Fort.)

Defn: A mound of earth or a platform in a fortification, on which
guns are mounted to fire over the parapet. En barbette, In barbette,
said of guns when they are elevated so as to fire over the top of a
parapet, and not through embrasures.
 -- Barbette gun, or Barbette battery, a single gun, or a number of
guns, mounted in barbette, or partially protected by a parapet or
turret.
 -- Barbette carriage, a gun carriage which elevates guns
sufficiently to be in barbette. [See Illust. of Casemate.]

BARBICAN; BARBACAN
Bar"bi*can, Bar"ba*can, n. Etym: [OE. barbican, barbecan, F.
barbacane, LL. barbacana, barbicana, of uncertain origin: cf. Ar.
barbakh aqueduct, sewer. F. barbacane also means, an opening to let
out water, loophole.]

1. ( Fort.) A tower or advanced work defending the entrance to a
castle or city, as at a gate or bridge. It was often large and
strong, having a ditch and drawbridge of its own.

2. An opening in the wall of a fortress, through which missiles were
discharged upon an enemy.

BARBICANAGE; BARBACANAGE
Bar"bi*can*age, Bar"ba*can*age, n. Etym: [LL. barbicanagium. See
Barbican.]

Defn: Money paid for the support of a barbican. [Obs.]

BARBICEL
Bar"bi*cel, n. Etym: [NL. barbicella, dim. of L. barba. See 1st
Barb.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the small hooklike processes on the barbules of
feathers.

BARBIERS
Bar"biers, n. (Med.)

Defn: A variety of paralysis, peculiar to India and the Malabar
coast; -- considered by many to be the same as beriberi in chronic
form.

BARBIGEROUS
Bar*big"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. barba a beard + gerous.]

Defn: Having a beard; bearded; hairy.

BARBITON
Bar"bi*ton, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. .] (Mus.)

Defn: An ancient Greek instrument resembling a lyre.

BARBITURIC ACID
Bar`bi*tu"ric ac"id. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline substance,

BARBIZON SCHOOL; BARBISON SCHOOL
Bar`bi`zon" school or Bar`bi`son" school. (Painting)

Defn: A French school of the middle of the 19th century centering in
the village of Barbizon near the forest of Fontainebleau. Its members
went straight to nature in disregard of academic tradition, treating
their subjects faithfully and with poetic feeling for color, light,
and atmosphere. It is exemplified, esp. in landscapes, by Corot,
Rousseau, Daubigny, Jules Dupré, and Diaz. Associated with them are
certain painters of animals, as Troyon and Jaque, and of peasant
life, as Millet and Jules Breton.

BARBLE
Bar"ble, n.

Defn: See Barbel.

BARBOTINE
Bar"bo*tine, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A paste of clay used in decorating coarse pottery in relief.

BARBRE
Bar"bre, a.

Defn: Barbarian. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BARBULE
Bar"bule, n. Etym: [L. barbula, fr. barba beard.]

1. A very minute barb or beard. Booth.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the processes along the edges of the barbs of a feather,
by which adjacent barbs interlock. See Feather.

BARCAROLLE
Bar"ca*rolle, n. Etym: [F. barcarolle, fr. It. barcaruola, fr. barca
bark, barge.] (Mus.)
(a) A popular song or melody sung by Venetian gondoliers.
(b) A piece of music composed in imitation of such a song.

BARCON
Bar"con, n. Etym: [It. barcone, fr. barca a bark.]

Defn: A vessel for freight; -- used in Mediterranean.

BARD
Bard, n. Etym: [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. bardd, Arm. barz, Ir. &
Gael. bard, and F. barde.]

1. A professional poet and singer, as among the ancient Celts, whose
occupation was to compose and sing verses in honor of the heroic
achievements of princes and brave men.

2. Hence: A poet; as, the bard of Avon.

BARD; BARDE
Bard, Barde, n. Etym: [F. barde, of doubtful origin.]

1. A piece of defensive (or, sometimes, ornamental) armor for a
horse's neck, breast, and flanks; a barb. [Often in the pl.]

2. pl.

Defn: Defensive armor formerly worn by a man at arms.

3. (Cookery)

Defn: A thin slice of fat bacon used to cover any meat or game.

BARD
Bard, v. t. (Cookery)

Defn: To cover (meat or game) with a thin slice of fat bacon.

BARD
Bard, n. Etym: [Akin to Dan. & Sw. bark, Icel. börkr, LG. & HG.
borke.]

1. The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree; the
rind.

2. Specifically, Peruvian bark. Bark bed. See Bark stove (below).
 -- Bark pit, a pit filled with bark and water, in which hides are
steeped in tanning.
 -- Bark stove (Hort.), a glazed structure for keeping tropical
plants, having a bed of tanner's bark (called a bark bed) or other
fermentable matter which produces a moist heat.

BARDED
Bard"ed, p.a. Etym: [See Bard horse armor.]

1. Accoutered with defensive armor; -- said of a horse.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Wearing rich caparisons.
Fifteen hundred men . . . barded and richly trapped. Stow.

BARDIC
Bard"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to bards, or their poetry. "The bardic lays of
ancient Greece." G. P. Marsh.

BARDIGLIO
Bar*di"glio, n. [It.]

Defn: An Italian marble of which the principal varieties occur in the
neighborhood of Carrara and in Corsica. It commonly shows a dark gray
or bluish ground traversed by veins.

BARDISH
Bard"ish, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or written by, a bard or bards. "Bardish
impostures." Selden.

BARDISM
Bard"ism, n.

Defn: The system of bards; the learning and maxims of bards.

BARDLING
Bard"ling, n.

Defn: An inferior bard. J. Cunningham.

BARDSHIP
Bard"ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a bard.

BARE
Bare, a. Etym: [OE. bar, bare, AS. bær; akin to D. & G. baar, OHG.
par, Icel. berr, Sw. & Dan. bar, OSlav. bos barefoot, Lith. basas;
cf. Skr. bhas to shine

1. Without clothes or covering; stripped of the usual covering;
naked; as, his body is bare; the trees are bare.

2. With head uncovered; bareheaded.
When once thy foot enters the church, be bare. Herbert.

3. Without anything to cover up or conceal one's thoughts or actions;
open to view; exposed.
Bare in thy guilt, how foul must thou appear ! Milton.

4. Plain; simple; unadorned; without polish; bald; meager. "Uttering
bare truth." Shak.

5. Destitute; indigent; empty; unfurnished or scantily furnished; --
used with of (rarely with in) before the thing wanting or taken away;
as, a room bare of furniture. "A bare treasury." Dryden.

6. Threadbare; much worn.
It appears by their bare liveries that they live by your bare words.
Shak.

7. Mere; alone; unaccompanied by anything else; as, a bare majority.
"The bare necessaries of life." Addison.
Nor are men prevailed upon by bare of naked truth. South.
Under bare poles (Naut.), having no sail set.

BARE
Bare, n.

1. Surface; body; substance. [R.]
You have touched the very bare of naked truth. Marston.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: That part of a roofing slate, shingle, tile, or metal plate,
which is exposed to the weather.

BARE
Bare, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bared(p. pr. & vb. n. Baring.] Etym: [AS.
barian. See Bare, a.]

Defn: To strip off the covering of; to make bare; as, to bare the
breast.

BARE
Bare.

Defn: Bore; the old preterit of Bear, v.

BAREBACK
Bare"back`, adv.

Defn: On the bare back of a horse, without using a saddle; as, to
ride bareback.

BAREBACKED
Bare"backed`, a.

Defn: Having the back uncovered; as, a barebacked horse.

BAREBONE
Bare"bone`, n.

Defn: A very lean person; one whose bones show through the skin.
Shak.

BAREFACED
Bare"faced`, a.

1. With the face uncovered; not masked. "You will play barefaced."
Shak.

2. Without concealment; undisguised. Hence: Shameless; audacious.
"Barefaced treason." J. Baillie.

BAREFACEDLY
Bare"faced`ly, adv.

Defn: Openly; shamelessly. Locke.

BAREFACEDNESS
Bare"faced`ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being barefaced; shamelessness; assurance;
audaciousness.

BAREFOOT
Bare"foot, a. & adv.

Defn: With the feet bare; without shoes or stockings.

BAREFOOTED
Bare"foot`ed, a.

Defn: Having the feet bare.

BAREGE
Ba*rége", n. Etym: [F. barége, so called from Baréges, a town in the
Pyrenees.]

Defn: A gauzelike fabric for ladies' dresses, veils, etc. of worsted,
silk and worsted, or cotton and worsted.

BAREHANDED
Bare"hand`ed, n.

Defn: Having bare hands.

BAREHEADED; BAREHEAD
Bare"head`ed, Bare"head, a. & adv.

Defn: Having the head uncovered; as, a bareheaded girl.

BARELEGGED
Bare"legged`, a.

Defn: Having the legs bare.

BARELY
Bare"ly, adv.

1. Without covering; nakedly.

2. Without concealment or disguise.

3. Merely; only.
R. For now his son is duke. W. Barely in title, not in revenue. Shak.

4. But just; without any excess; with nothing to spare ( of quantity,
time, etc.); hence, scarcely; hardly; as, there was barely enough for
all; he barely escaped.

BARENECKED
Bare"necked`, a.

Defn: Having the neck bare.

BARENESS
Bare"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being bare.

BARESARK
Bare"sark, n. Etym: [Literally, bare sark or shirt.]

Defn: A Berserker, or Norse warrior who fought without armor, or
shirt of mail. Hence, adverbially: Without shirt of mail or armor.

BARFISH
Bar"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Calico bass.

BARFUL
Bar"ful, a.

Defn: Full of obstructions. [Obs.] Shak.

BARGAIN
Bar"gain, n. Etym: [OE. bargayn, bargany, OF. bargaigne, bargagne,
prob. from a supposed LL. barcaneum, fr. barca a boat which carries
merchandise to the shore; hence, to traffic to and fro, to carry on
commerce in general. See Bark a vessel. ]

1. An agreement between parties concerning the sale of property; or a
contract by which one party binds himself to transfer the right to
some property for a consideration, and the other party binds himself
to receive the property and pay the consideration.
A contract is a bargain that is legally binding. Wharton.

2. An agreement or stipulation; mutual pledge.
And whon your honors mean to solemnize The bargain of your faith.
Shak.

3. A purchase; also ( when not qualified), a gainful transaction; an
advantageous purchase; as, to buy a thing at a bargain.

4. The thing stipulated or purchased; also, anything bought cheap.
She was too fond of her most filthy bargain. Shak.
Bargain and sale (Law), a species of conveyance, by which the
bargainor contracts to convey the lands to the bargainee, and becomes
by such contract a trustee for and seized to the use of the
bargainee. The statute then completes the purchase; i.e., the bargain
vests the use, and the statute vests the possession. Blackstone.
 -- Into the bargain, over and above what is stipulated; besides.
 -- To sell bargains, to make saucy ( usually indelicate) repartees.
[Obs.] Swift.
 -- To strike a bargain, to reach or ratify an agreement. "A bargain
was struck." Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Contract; stipulation; purchase; engagement.

BARGAIN
Bar"gain, v. i. Etym: [OE. barganien, OF. bargaigner, F. barguigner,
to hesitate, fr. LL. barcaniare. See Bargain, n.]

Defn: To make a bargain; to make a contract for the exchange of
property or services; -- followed by with and for; as, to bargain
with a farmer for a cow.
So worthless peasants bargain for their wives. Shak.

BARGAIN
Bar"gain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bargained (p. pr. & vb. n. Bargaining.]

Defn: To transfer for a consideration; to barter; to trade; as, to
bargain one horse for another. To bargain away, to dispose of in a
bargain; -- usually with a sense of loss or disadvantage; as, to
bargain away one's birthright. "The heir . . . had somehow bargained
away the estate." G. Eliot.

BARGAINEE
Bar`gain*ee", n. Etym: [OF. bargaigné, p.p. See Bargain, v. i.] (Law)

Defn: The party to a contract who receives, or agrees to receive, the
property sold. Blackstone.

BARGAINER
Bar"gain*er, n.

Defn: One who makes a bargain; -- sometimes in the sense of
bargainor.

BARGAINOR
Bar`gain*or", n. (Law)

Defn: One who makes a bargain, or contracts with another; esp., one
who sells, or contracts to sell, property to another. Blackstone.

BARGE
Barge, n. Etym: [OF. barge, F. berge, fr. LL. barca, for barica (not
found), prob. fr. L. baris an Egyptian rowboat, fr. Gr. , prob. fr.
Egyptian: cf. Coptic bari a boat. Cf. Bark a vessel.]

1. A pleasure boat; a vessel or boat of state, elegantly furnished
and decorated.

2. A large, roomy boat for the conveyance of passengers or goods; as,
a ship's barge; a charcoal barge.

3. A large boat used by flag officers.

4. A double-decked passenger or freight vessel, towed by a steamboat.
[U.S.]

5. A large omnibus used for excursions. [Local, U.S.]

BARGEBOARD
Barge"board`, n. Etym: [Perh. corrup. of vergeboard; or cf. LL.
bargus a kind of gallows.]

Defn: A vergeboard.

BARGECOURSE
Barge"course`, n. Etym: [See Bargeboard.] (Arch.)

Defn: A part of the tiling which projects beyond the principal
rafters, in buildings where there is a gable. Gwilt.

BARGEE
Bar*gee", n.

Defn: A bargeman. [Eng.]

BARGEMAN
Barge"man, n.

Defn: The man who manages a barge, or one of the crew of a barge.

BARGEMASTTER
Barge"mast`ter, n.

Defn: The proprietor or manager of a barge, or one of the crew of a
barge.

BARGER
Bar"ger, n.

Defn: The manager of a barge. [Obs.]

BARGHEST
Bar"ghest`, n. Etym: [Perh. G. berg mountain + geist demon, or bär a
bear + geist.]

Defn: A goblin, in the shape of a large dog, portending misfortune.
[Also written barguest.]

BARIA
Ba"ri*a, n. Etym: [Cf. Barium.] (Chem.)

Defn: Baryta.

BARIC
Bar"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to barium; as, baric oxide.

BARIC
Bar"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. weight.] (Physics)

Defn: Of or pertaining to weight, esp. to the weight or pressure of
the atmosphere as measured by the barometer.

BARILLA
Ba*ril"la, n. Etym: [Sp. barrilla.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several species of Salsola from which soda is
made, by burning the barilla in heaps and lixiviating the ashes.

2. (Com.)
(a) The alkali produced from the plant, being an impure carbonate of
soda, used for making soap, glass, etc., and for bleaching purposes.
(b) Impure soda obtained from the ashes of any seashore plant, or
kelp. Ure. Copper barilla (Min.), native copper in granular form
mixed with sand, an ore brought from Bolivia; -- called also Barilla
de cobre.

BARILLET
Bar"il*let, n. Etym: [F., dim. of baril barrel.]

Defn: A little cask, or something resembling one. Smart.

BAR IRON
Bar" i`ron.

Defn: See under Iron.

BARITE
Ba"rite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Native sulphate of barium, a mineral occurring in transparent,
colorless, white to yellow crystals (generally tabular), also in
granular form, and in compact massive forms resembling marble. It has
a high specific gravity, and hence is often called heavy spar. It is
a common mineral in metallic veins.

BARITONE
Bar"i*tone, a. & n.

Defn: See Barytone.

BARIUM
Ba"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. bary`s heavy.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the elements, belonging to the alkaline earth group; a
metal having a silver-white color, and melting at a very high
temperature. It is difficult to obtain the pure metal, from the
facility with which it becomes oxidized in the air. Atomic weight,
137. Symbol, Ba. Its oxide called baryta. [Rarely written barytum.]

Note: Some of the compounds of this element are remarkable for their
high specific gravity, as the sulphate, called heavy spar, and the
like. The oxide was called barote, by Guyton de Morveau, which name
was changed by Lavoisier to baryta, whence the name of the metal.

BARK
Bark, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Barked (p. pr. & vb. n. Barking.]

1. To strip the bark from; to peel.

2. To abrade or rub off any outer covering from; as to bark one's
heel.

3. To girdle. See Girdle, v. t., 3.

4. To cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark; as, to bark the
roof of a hut.

BARK
Bark, v. i. Etym: [OE. berken, AS. beorcan; akin to Icel. berkja, and
prob. to E. break.]

1. To make a short, loud, explosive noise with the vocal organs; --
said of some animals, but especially of dogs.

2. To make a clamor; to make importunate outcries.
They bark, and say the Scripture maketh heretics. Tyndale.
Where there is the barking of the belly, there no other commands will
be heard, much less obeyed. Fuller.

BARK
Bark, n.

Defn: The short, loud, explosive sound uttered by a dog; a similar
sound made by some other animals.

BARK; BARQUE
Bark, Barque, n. Etym: [F. barque, fr. Sp. or It. barca, fr. LL.
barca for barica. See Barge.]

1. Formerly, any small sailing vessel, as a pinnace, fishing smack,
etc.; also, a rowing boat; a barge. Now applied poetically to a
sailing vessel or boat of any kind. Byron.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A three-masted vessel, having her foremast and mainmast
squarerigged, and her mizzenmast schooner-rigged.

BARKANTINE
Bark"an*tine, n.

Defn: Same as Barkentine.

BARK BEETLE
Bark" bee`tle. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small beetle of many species (family Scolytidæ), which in the
larval state bores under or in the bark of trees, often doing great
damage.

BARKBOUND
Bark"bound`, a.

Defn: Prevented from growing, by having the bark too firm or close.

BARKEEPER
Bar"keep`er, n.

Defn: One who keeps or tends a bar for the sale of liquors.

BARKEN
Bark"en, a.

Defn: Made of bark. [Poetic] Whittier.

BARKENTINE
Bark"en*tine, n. Etym: [See Bark, n., a vessel.] (Naut.)

Defn: A threemasted vessel, having the foremast square-rigged, and
the others schooner-rigged. [Spelled also barquentine, barkantine,
etc.] See Illust. in Append.

BARKER
Bark"er, n.

1. An animal that barks; hence, any one who clamors unreasonably.

2. One who stands at the doors of shops to urg [Cant, Eng.]

3. A pistol. [Slang] Dickens.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The spotted redshank.

BARKER
Bark"er, n.

Defn: One who strips trees of their bark.

BARKER'S MILL
Bark"er's mill`. Etym: [From Dr. Barker, the inventor.]

Defn: A machine, invented in the 17th century, worked by a form of
reaction wheel. The water flows into a vertical tube and gushes from
apertures in hollow horizontal arms, causing the machine to revolve
on its axis.

BARKERY
Bark"er*y, n.

Defn: A tanhouse.

BARKING IRONS
Bark"ing i`rons.

1. Instruments used in taking off the bark of trees. Gardner.

2. A pair of pistols. [Slang]

BARKLESS
Bark"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of bark.

BARK LOUSE
Bark" louse`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect of the family Coccidæ, which infests the bark of
trees and vines.

Note: The wingless females assume the shape of scales. The bark louse
of vine is Pulvinaria innumerabilis; that of the pear is Lecanium
pyri. See Orange scale.

BARKY
Bark"y, a.

Defn: Covered with, or containing, bark. "The barky fingers of the
elm." Shak.

BARLEY
Bar"ley, n. Etym: [OE. barli, barlich, AS. bærlic; bere barley + lic
(which is prob. the same as E. like, adj., or perh. a form of AS.
leac leek). AS. bere is akin to Icel, barr barley, Goth. barizeins
made of barley, L. far spelt; cf. W. barlys barley, bara bread.
Farina, 6th Bear.] (Bot.)

Defn: A valuable grain, of the family of grasses, genus Hordeum, used
for food, and for making malt, from which are prepared beer, ale, and
whisky. Barley bird (Zoöl.), the siskin.
 -- Barley sugar, sugar boiled till it is brittle (formerly with a
decoction of barley) and candied.
 -- Barley water, a decoction of barley, used in medicine, as a
nutritive and demulcent.

BARLEYBRAKE; BARLEYBREAK
Bar"ley*brake` Bar"ley*break`, n.

Defn: An ancient rural game, commonly played round stacks of barley,
or other grain, in which some of the party attempt to catch others
who run from a goal.

BARLEY-BREE
Bar"ley-bree`, n. Etym: [Lit. barley broth. See Brew.]

Defn: Liquor made from barley; strong ale. [Humorous] [Scot.] Burns.

BARLEYCORN
Bar"ley*corn`, n. Etym: [See Corn.]

1. A grain or "corn" of barley.

2. Formerly , a measure of length, equal to the average length of a
grain of barley; the third part of an inch. John Barleycorn, a
humorous personification of barley as the source of malt liquor or
whisky.

BARM
Barm, n. Etym: [OE. berme, AS. beorma; akin to Sw. bärma, G. bärme,
and prob. L. fermenium. *93.]

Defn: Foam rising upon beer, or other malt liquors, when fermenting,
and used as leaven in making bread and in brewing; yeast. Shak.

BARM
Barm, n. Etym: [OE. bearm, berm, barm, AS. beorma; akin to E. bear to
support.]

Defn: The lap or bosom. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BARMAID
Bar"maid`, n.

Defn: A girl or woman who attends the customers of a bar, as in a
tavern or beershop.
A bouncing barmaid. W. Irving.

BARMASTER
Bar"mas`ter, n. Etym: [Berg + master: cf. G. Bergmeister.]

Defn: Formerly, a local judge among miners; now, an officer of the
barmote. [Eng.]

BARMCLOTH
Barm"cloth`, n.

Defn: Apron. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BARMECIDAL
Bar"me*ci`dal, a. Etym: [See Barmecide.]

Defn: Unreal; illusory. "A sort of Barmecidal feast." Hood.

BARMECIDE
Bar"me*cide, n. Etym: [A prince of the Barmecide family, who, as
related in the "Arabian Nights' Tales", pretended to set before the
hungry Shacabac food, on which the latter pretended to feast.]

Defn: One who proffers some illusory advantage or benefit. Also used
as an adj.: Barmecidal. "A Barmecide feast." Dickens.

BARMOTE
Bar"mote`, n. Etym: [Barg + mote meeting.]

Defn: A court held in Derbyshire, in England, for deciding
controversies between miners. Blount.

BARMY
Barm"y, a.

Defn: Full of barm or froth; in a ferment. "Barmy beer." Dryden.

BARMY
Barm"y (bärm"y), a.

Defn: Full of barm or froth; in a ferment. "Barmy beer."  Dryden.

BARN
Barn, n. Etym: [OE. bern, AS. berern, bern; bere barley + ern, ærn, a
close place. Barley.]

Defn: A covered building used chiefly for storing grain, hay, and
other productions of a farm. In the United States a part of the barn
is often used for stables. Barn owl (Zoöl.), an owl of Europe and
America (Aluco flammeus, or Strix flammea), which frequents barns and
other buildings.
 -- Barn swallow (Zoöl.), the common American swallow (Hirundo
horreorum), which attaches its nest of mud to the beams and rafters
of barns.

BARN
Barn, v. t.

Defn: To lay up in a barn. [Obs.] Shak.
Men . . . often barn up the chaff, and burn up the grain. Fuller.

BARN
Barn, n.

Defn: A child. [Obs.] See Bairn.

BARNABITE
Bar"na*bite, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A member of a religious order, named from St. Barnabas.

BARNACLE
Bar"na*cle, n. Etym: [Prob. from E. barnacle a kind of goose, which
was popularly supposed to grow from this shellfish; but perh. from
LL. bernacula for pernacula, dim. of perna ham, sea mussel; cf. Gr.
ham Cf. F. bernacle, barnacle, E. barnacle a goose; and Ir.
bairneach, barneach, limpet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any cirriped crustacean adhering to rocks, floating timber,
ships, etc., esp. (a) the sessile species (genus Balanus and allies),
and (b) the stalked or goose barnacles (genus Lepas and allies). See
Cirripedia, and Goose barnacle. Barnacle eater (Zoöl.), the orange
filefish.
 -- Barnacle scale (Zoöl.), a bark louse (Ceroplastes
cirripediformis) of the orange and quince trees in Florida. The
female scale curiously resembles a sessile barnacle in form.

BARNACLE
Bar"na*cle, n. Etym: [See Bernicle.]

Defn: A bernicle goose.

BARNACLE
Bar"na*cle, n. Etym: [OE. bernak, bernacle; cf. OF. bernac, and Prov.
F. (Berri) berniques, spectacles.]

1. pl. (Far.)

Defn: An instrument for pinching a horse's nose, and thus restraining
him.

Note: [Formerly used in the sing.]
The barnacles . . . give pain almost equal to that of the switch.
Youatt.

2. pl.

Defn: Spectacles; -- so called from their resemblance to the
barnacles used by farriers. [Cant, Eng.] Dickens.

BARNBURNER
Barn"burn`er, n. [So called in allusion to the fable of the man who
burned his barn in order to rid it of rats.]

Defn: A member of the radical section of the Democratic party in New
York, about the middle of the 19th century, which was hostile to
extension of slavery, public debts, corporate privileges, etc., and
supported Van Buren against Cass for president in 1848; --opposed to
Hunker. [Political Cant, U. S.]

BARNSTORMER
Barn"storm`er, n.  [Barn + storm, v.]

Defn: An itinerant theatrical player who plays in barns when a
theatre is lacking; hence, an inferior actor, or one who plays in the
country away from the larger cities. --Barn"storm`ing, n. [Theatrical
Cant]

BARNYARD
Barn"yard`, n.

Defn: A yard belonging to a barn.

BAROCCO
Ba*roc"co, a. Etym: [It.] (Arch.)

Defn: See Baroque.

BAROCYCLONOMETER
Bar`o*cy`clon*om"e*ter, n. [Gr.  weight + cyclone + -meter.]
(Meteorol.)

Defn: An aneroid barometer for use with accompanying graphic diagrams
and printed directions designed to aid mariners to interpret the
indications of the barometer so as to determine the existence of a
violent storm at a distance of several hundred miles.

BAROGRAM
Bar"o*gram, n. [Gr.  weight + -gram.] (Meteor.)

Defn: A tracing, usually made by the barograph, showing graphically
the variations of atmospheric pressure for a given time.

BAROGRAPH
Bar"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. weight + -graph.] (Meteor.)

Defn: An instrument for recording automatically the variations of
atmospheric pressure.

BAROKO
Ba*ro"ko, n. Etym: [A mnemonic word.] (Logic)

Defn: A form or mode of syllogism of which the first proposition is a
universal affirmative, and the other two are particular negative.

BAROLOGY
Ba*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. weight + -logy.]

Defn: The science of weight or gravity.

BAROMACROMETER
Bar`o*ma*crom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. weight + long + -meter.] (Med.)

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the weight and length of a
newborn infant.

BAROMETER
Ba*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. weight + -meter: cf. F. baromètre.]

Defn: An instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the
atmosphere, and hence for judging of the probable changes of weather,
or for ascertaining the height of any ascent.

Note: The barometer was invented by Torricelli at Florence about
1643. It is made in its simplest form by filling a graduated glass
tube about 34 inches long with mercury and inverting it in a cup
containing mercury. The column of mercury in the tube descends until
balanced by the weight of the atmosphere, and its rise or fall under
varying conditions is a measure of the change in the atmospheric
pressure. At the sea level its ordinary height is about 30 inches
(760 millimeters). See Sympiesometer. Nichol. Aneroid barometer. See
Aneroid barometer, under Aneroid.
 -- Marine barometer, a barometer with tube contracted at bottom to
prevent rapid oscillations of the mercury, and suspended in gimbals
from an arm or support on shipboard.
 -- Mountain barometer, a portable mercurial barometer with tripod
support, and long scale, for measuring heights.
 -- Siphon barometer, a barometer having a tube bent like a hook with
the longer leg closed at the top. The height of the mercury in the
longer leg shows the pressure of the atmosphere.
 -- Wheel barometer, a barometer with recurved tube, and a float,
from which a cord passes over a pulley and moves an index.

BAROMETRIC; BAROMETRICAL
Bar`o*met"ric, Bar`o*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the barometer; made or indicated by a barometer;
as, barometric changes; barometrical observations.

BAROMETRICALLY
Bar`o*met"ric*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By means of a barometer, or according to barometric
observations.

BAROMETROGRAPH
Bar`o*met"ro*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. weight + measure + -graph.]

Defn: A form of barometer so constructed as to inscribe of itself
upon paper a record of the variations of atmospheric pressure.

BAROMETRY
Ba*rom"e*try, n.

Defn: The art or process of making barometrical measurements.

BAROMETZ
Bar"o*metz, n. Etym: [Cf. Russ. baranets' clubmoss.] (Bot.)

Defn: The woolly-skinned rhizoma or rootstock of a fern (Dicksonia
barometz), which, when specially prepared and inverted, somewhat
resembles a lamb; -- called also Scythian lamb.

BARON
Bar"on, n. Etym: [OE. baron, barun, OF. baron, accus. of ber, F.
baron, prob. fr. OHG. baro (not found) bearer, akin to E. bear to
support; cf. O. Frisian bere, LL. baro, It. barone, Sp. varon. From
the meaning bearer (of burdens) seem to have come the senses strong
man, man (in distinction from woman), which is the oldest meaning in
French, and lastly, nobleman. Cf. L. baro, simpleton. See Bear to
support.]

1. A title or degree of nobility; originally, the possessor of a
fief, who had feudal tenants under him; in modern times, in France
and Germany, a nobleman next in rank below a count; in England, a
nobleman of the lowest grade in the House of Lords, being next below
a viscount.

Note: "The tenants in chief from the Crown, who held lands of the
annual value of four hundred pounds, were styled Barons; and it is to
them, and not to the members of the lowest grade of the nobility (to
whom the title at the present time belongs), that reference is made
when we read of the Barons of the early days of England's history . .
. . Barons are addressed as 'My Lord,' and are styled 'Right
Honorable.' All their sons and daughters 'Honorable.'" Cussans.

2. (Old Law)

Defn: A husband; as, baron and feme, husband and wife. [R.] Cowell.
Baron of beef, two sirloins not cut asunder at the backbone.
 -- Barons of the Cinque Ports, formerly members of the House of
Commons, elected by the seven Cinque Ports, two for each port.
 -- Baron of the exchequer, the judges of the Court of Exchequer, one
of the three ancient courts of England, now abolished.

BARONAGE
Bar"on*age, n. Etym: [OE. barnage, baronage, OF.barnage, F.
baronnage; cf. LL. baronagium.]

1. The whole body of barons or peers.
The baronage of the kingdom. Bp. Burnet.

2. The dignity or rank of a baron.

3. The land which gives title to a baron. [Obs.]

BARONESS
Bar"on*ess, n.

Defn: A baron's wife; also, a lady who holds the baronial title in
her own right; as, the Baroness Burdett-Coutts.

BARONET
Bar"on*et, n. Etym: [Baron + -et.]

Defn: A dignity or degree of honor next below a baron and above a
knight, having precedency of all orders of knights except those of
the Garter. It is the lowest degree of honor that is hereditary. The
baronets are commoners.

Note: The order was founded by James I. in 1611, and is given by
patent. The word, however, in the sense of a lesser baron, was in use
long before. "Baronets have the title of 'Sir' prefixed to their
Christian names; their surnames being followed by their dignity,
usually abbreviated Bart. Their wives are addressed as 'Lady' or
'Madam'. Their sons are possessed of no title beyond 'Esquire.'"
Cussans.

BARONETAGE
Bar"on*et*age, n.

1. State or rank of a baronet.

2. The collective body of baronets.

BARONETCY
Bar"on*et*cy, n.

Defn: The rank or patent of a baronet.

BARONG
Ba*rong", n. [Native name.]

Defn: A kind of cutting weapon with a thick back and thin razorlike
edge, used by the Moros of the Philippine Islands.

BARONIAL
Ba*ro"ni*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a baron or a barony. "Baronial tenure." Hallam.

BARONY
Bar"o*ny, n.; pl. Baronies (. Etym: [OF. baronie, F. baronnie, LL.
baronia. See Baron.]

1. The fee or domain of a baron; the lordship, dignity, or rank of a
baron.

2. In Ireland, a territorial division, corresponding nearly to the
English hundred, and supposed to have been originally the district of
a native chief. There are 252 of these baronies. In Scotland, an
extensive freehold. It may be held by a commoner. Brande & C.

BAROQUE
Ba*roque", a. Etym: [F.; cf. It. barocco.] (Arch.)

Defn: In bad taste; grotesque; odd.

BAROSCOPE
Bar"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. weight + -scope: cf. F. baroscope.]

Defn: Any instrument showing the changes in the weight of the
atmosphere; also, less appropriately, any instrument that indicates -
or foreshadows changes of the weather, as a deep vial of liquid
holding in suspension some substance which rises and falls with
atmospheric changes.

BAROSCOPIC; BAROSCOPICAL
Bar`o*scop"ic, Bar`o*scop"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or determined by, the baroscope.

BAROTHERMOGRAPH
Bar`o*ther"mo*graph, n. [Gr.  weight + thermograph.]

Defn: An instrument for recording both pressure and temperature, as
of the atmosphere.

BAROUCHE
Ba*rouche", n. Etym: [G. barutsche, It. baroccio, biroccio, LL.
barrotium, fr. L. birotus two-wheeled; bi=bis twice + rota wheel.]

Defn: A four-wheeled carriage, with a falling top, a seat on the
outside for the driver, and two double seats on the inside arranged
so that the sitters on the front seat face those on the back seat.

BAROUCHET
Ba`rou*chet", n.

Defn: A kind of light barouche.

BARPOST
Bar"post`, n.

Defn: A post sunk in the ground to receive the bars closing a passage
into a field.

BARQUE
Barque, n.

Defn: Same as 3d Bark, n.

BARRACAN
Bar"ra*can, n. Etym: [F. baracan, bouracan (cf. Pr. barracan, It.
baracane, Sp. barragan, Pg. barregana, LL. barracanus), fr. Ar.
barrakan a kind of black gown, perh. fr. Per. barak a garment made of
camel's hair.]

Defn: A thick, strong stuff, somewhat like camlet; -- still used for
outer garments in the Levant.

BARRACK
Bar"rack, n. Etym: [F. baraque, fr. It. baracca (cf. Sp. barraca),
from LL. barra bar. See Bar, n.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A building for soldiers, especially when in garrison. Commonly
in the pl., originally meaning temporary huts, but now usually
applied to a permanent structure or set of buildings.
He lodged in a miserable hut or barrack, composed of dry branches and
thatched with straw. Gibbon.

2. A movable roof sliding on four posts, to cover hay, straw, etc.
[Local, U.S.]

BARRACK
Bar"rack, v. t.

Defn: To supply with barracks; to establish in barracks; as, to
barrack troops.

BARRACK
Bar"rack, v. i.

Defn: To live or lodge in barracks.

BARRACLADE
Bar"ra*clade, n. Etym: [D. baar, OD. baer, naked, bare + kleed
garment, i.e., cloth undressed or without nap.]

Defn: A home-made woolen blanket without nap. [Local, New York]
Bartlett.

BARRACOON
Bar"ra*coon`, n. Etym: [Sp. or Pg. barraca. See Barrack.]

Defn: A slave warehouse, or an inclosure where slaves are quartered
temporarily. Du Chaillu.

BARRACUDA; BARRACOUTA
Bar`ra*cu"da, Bar`ra*cou"ta, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A voracious pikelike, marine fish, of the genus Sphyræna,
sometimes used as food.

Note: That of Europe and our Atlantic coast is Sphyræna spet (or S.
vulgaris); a southern species is S. picuda; the Californian is S.
argentea.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large edible fresh-water fish of Australia and New Zealand
(Thyrsites atun).

BARRAGE
Bar"rage, n. Etym: [F., fr. barrer to bar, from barre bar.] (Engin.)

Defn: An artificial bar or obstruction placed in a river or water
course to increase the depth of water; as, the barrages of the Nile.

BARRAMUNDI
Bar`ra*mun"di, n. [Written also barramunda.] [Native name.] (Zoöl.)
 (a) A remarkable Australian fresh-water ganoid fish of the genus
Ceratodus.
 (b) An Australian river fish (Osteoglossum Leichhardtii).

BARRANCA
Bar*ran"ca, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A ravine caused by heavy rains or a watercourse. [Texas & N.
Mex.]

BARRAS
Bar"ras, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A resin, called also galipot.

BARRATOR
Bar"ra*tor, n. Etym: [OE. baratour, OF. barateor deceiver, fr. OF.
barater, bareter, to deceive, cheat, barter. See Barter, v. i.]

Defn: One guilty of barratry.

BARRATROUS
Bar"ra*trous, (Law)

Defn: Tainter with, or constituting, barratry.
 -- Bar"ra*trous*ly, adv. Kent.

BARRATRY
Bar"ra*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. baraterie, LL. barataria. See Barrator,
and cf. Bartery.]

1. (Law)

Defn: The practice of exciting and encouraging lawsuits and quarrels.
[Also spelt barretry.] Coke. Blackstone.

2. (Mar. Law)

Defn: A fraudulent breach of duty or willful act of known illegality
on the part of a master of a ship, in his character of master, or of
the mariners, to the injury of the owner of the ship or cargo, and
without his consent. It includes every breach of trust committed with
dishonest purpose, as by running away with the ship, sinking or
deserting her, etc., or by embezzling the cargo. Kent. Part.

3. (Scots Law)

Defn: The crime of a judge who is influenced by bribery in
pronouncing judgment. Wharton.

BARRED OWL
Barred" owl". (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large American owl (Syrnium nebulosum); -- so called from the
transverse bars of a dark brown color on the breast.

BARREL
Bar"rel, n.Etym: [OE. barel, F. baril, prob. fr. barre bar. Cf.
Barricade.]

1. A round vessel or cask, of greater length than breadth, and
bulging in the middle, made of staves bound with hoops, and having
flat ends or heads.

2. The quantity which constitutes a full barrel. This varies for
different articles and also in different places for the same article,
being regulated by custom or by law. A barrel of wine is 31

3. A solid drum, or a hollow cylinder or case; as, the barrel of a
windlass; the barrel of a watch, within which the spring is coiled.

4. A metallic tube, as of a gun, from which a projectile is
discharged. Knight.

5. A jar. [Obs.] 1 Kings xvii. 12.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hollow basal part of a feather. Barrel bulk (Com.), a
measure equal to five cubic feet, used in estimating capacity, as of
a vessel for freight.
 -- Barrel drain (Arch.), a drain in the form of a cylindrical tube.
 -- Barrel of a boiler, the cylindrical part of a boiler, containing
the flues.
 -- Barrel of the ear (Anat.), the tympanum, or tympanic cavity.
 -- Barrel organ, an instrument for producing music by the action of
a revolving cylinder.
 -- Barrel vault. See under Vault.

BARREL
Bar"rel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Barreled (Barrelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Barreling, or Barrelling.]

Defn: To put or to pack in a barrel or barrels.

BARRELED; BARRELLED
Bar"reled, Bar"relled, a.

Defn: Having a barrel; -- used in composition; as, a double-barreled
gun.

BARREL PROCESS
Bar"rel proc"ess. (Metal.)

Defn: A process of extracting gold or silver by treating the ore in a
revolving barrel, or drum, with mercury, chlorine, cyanide solution,
or other reagent.

BARREN
Bar"ren, a. Etym: [OE. barein, OF. brehaing, brehaigne, baraigne, F.
bréhaigne; of uncertain origin; cf. Arm. brékha, markha, sterile; LL.
brana a sterile mare, principally in Aquitanian and Spanish
documents; Bisc. barau, baru, fasting.]

1. Incapable of producing offspring; producing no young; sterile; --
She was barren of children. Bp. Hall.

2. Not producing vegetation, or useful vegetation; "Barren mountain
tracts." Macaulay.

3. Unproductive; fruitless; unprofitable; empty.
Brilliant but barren reveries. Prescott.
Some schemes will appear barren of hints and matter. Swift.

4. Mentally dull; stupid. Shak. Barren flower, a flower which has
only stamens without a pistil, or which as neither stamens nor
pistils.
 -- Barren Grounds (Geog.), a vast tract in British America northward
of the forest regions.
 -- Barren Ground bear (Zoöl.), a peculiar bear, inhabiting the
Barren Grounds, now believed to be a variety of the brown bear of
Europe.
 -- Barren Ground caribou (Zoöl.), a small reindeer (Rangifer
Groenlandicus) peculiar to the Barren Grounds and Greenland.

BARREN
Bar"ren, n.

1. A tract of barren land.

2. pl.

Defn: Elevated lands or plains on which grow small trees, but not
timber; as, pine barrens; oak barrens. They are not necessarily
sterile, and are often fertile. [Amer.] J. Pickering.

BARRENLY
Bar"ren*ly, adv.

Defn: Unfruitfully; unproductively.

BARRENNESS
Bar"ren*ness, n.

Defn: The condition of being barren; sterility; unproductiveness.
A total barrenness of invention. Dryden.

BARRENWORT
Bar"ren*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An herbaceous plant of the Barberry family (Epimedium alpinum),
having leaves that are bitter and said to be sudorific.

BARRET
Bar"ret, n. Etym: [F. barrette, LL. barretum a cap. See Berretta, and
cf. Biretta.]

Defn: A kind of cap formerly worn by soldiers; -- called also barret
cap. Also, the flat cap worn by Roman Catholic ecclesiastics.

BARRETTER
Bar"ret*ter, n. [OF. bareter to exchange. Cf. Barter.] (Wireless
Teleg.)

Defn: A thermal cymoscope which operates by increased resistance when
subjected to the influence of electric waves. The original form
consisted of an extremely fine platinum wire loop attached to
terminals and inclosed in a small glass or silver bulb. In a later
variety, called the liquid barretter, wire is replace by a column of
liquid in a very fine capillary tube.

BARRICADE
Bar`ri*cade", n. Etym: [F. barricade, fr. Sp. barricada, orig. a
barring up with casks; fr. barrica cask, perh. fr. LL. barra bar. See
Bar, n., and cf. Barrel, n.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A fortification, made in haste, of trees, earth, palisades,
wagons, or anything that will obstruct the progress or attack of an
enemy. It is usually an obstruction formed in streets to block an
enemy's access.

2. Any bar, obstruction, or means of defense.
Such a barricade as would greatly annoy, or absolutely stop, the
currents of the atmosphere. Derham.

BARRICADE
Bar`ri*cade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Barricaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Barricading.] Etym: [Cf. F. barricader. See Barricade, n.]

Defn: To fortify or close with a barricade or with barricades; to
stop up, as a passage; to obstruct; as, the workmen barricaded the
streets of Paris.
The further end whereof [a bridge] was barricaded with barrels.
Hakluyt.

BARRICADER
Bar`ri*cad"er, n.

Defn: One who constructs barricades.

BARRICADO
Bar`ri*ca"do, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Barricade. Shak.

BARRIER
Bar"ri*er, n. Etym: [OE. barrere, barere, F. barrière, fr. barre bar.
See Bar, n.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A carpentry obstruction, stockade, or other obstacle made in a
passage in order to stop an enemy.

2. A fortress or fortified town, on the frontier of a country,
commanding an avenue of approach.

3. pl.

Defn: A fence or railing to mark the limits of a place, or to keep
back a crowd.
No sooner were the barriers opened, than he paced into the lists. Sir
W. Scott.

4. An any obstruction; anything which hinders approach or attack.
"Constitutional barriers." Hopkinson.

5. Any limit or boundary; a line of separation.
'Twixt that [instinct] and reason, what a nice barrier ! Pope.
Barrier gate, a heavy gate to close the opening through a barrier.
 -- Barrier reef, a form of coral reef which runs in the general
direction of the shore, and incloses a lagoon channel more or less
extensive.
 -- To fight at barriers, to fight with a barrier between, as a
martial exercise. [Obs.]

BARRIGUDO
Bar`ri*gu"do, n. Etym: [Native name, fr. Sp. barrigudo big-bellied.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, dark-colored, South American monkey, of the genus
Lagothrix, having a long prehensile tail.

BARRINGOUT
Bar`ring*out", n.

Defn: The act of closing the doors of a schoolroom against a
schoolmaster; -- a boyish mode of rebellion in schools. Swift.

BARRIO
Bar"ri*o, n.; pl. Barrios (#). [Sp.]

Defn: In Spain and countries colonized by Spain, a village, ward, or
district outside a town or city to whose jurisdiction it belongs.

BARRISTER
Bar"ris*ter, n. Etym: [From Bar, n.]

Defn: Counselor at law; a counsel admitted to plead at the bar, and
undertake the public trial of causes, as distinguished from an
attorney or solicitor. See Attorney. [Eng.]

BARROOM
Bar"room`, n.

Defn: A room containing a bar or counter at which liquors are sold.

BARROW
Bar"row, n. Etym: [OE. barow, fr. AS. beran to bear. See Bear to
support, and cf. Bier.]

1. A support having handles, and with or without a wheel, on which
heavy or bulky things can be transported by hand. See Handbarrow, and
Wheelbarrow.

2. (Salt Works)

Defn: A wicker case, in which salt is put to drain.

BARROW
Bar"row, n. Etym: [OE. barow, bargh, AS. bearg, bearh; akin to Icel.
börgr, OHG. barh, barug, G. barch.

Defn: A hog, esp. a male hog castrated. Holland.

BARROW
Bar"row, n. Etym: [OE. bergh, AS. beorg, beorh, hill, sepulchral
mound; akin to G. berg mountain, Goth. bairgahei hill, hilly country,
and perh. to Skr. b high, OIr. brigh mountain. Cf. Berg, Berry a
mound, and Borough an incorporated town.]

1. A large mound of earth or stones over the remains of the dead; a
tumulus.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A heap of rubbish, attle, etc.

BARROWIST
Bar"row*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Henry Barrowe, one of the founders of
Independency or Congregationalism in England. Barrowe was executed
for nonconformity in 1953.

BARRULET
Bar"ru*let, n. Etym: [Dim. of bar, n.] (Her.)

Defn: A diminutive of the bar, having one fourth its width.

BARRULY
Bar"ru*ly, a. (Her.)

Defn: Traversed by barrulets or small bars; -- said of the field.

BARRY
Bar"ry, a. (Her.)

Defn: , Divided into bars; -- said of the field.

BARSE
Barse, n. Etym: [AS. bears, bærs, akin to D. baars, G. bars, barsch.
Cf. 1st Bass, n.]

Defn: The common perch. See 1st Bass. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

BARTENDER
Bar"tend`er, n.

Defn: A barkeeper.

BARTER
Bar"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bartered (p. pr. & vb. n. Bartering.]
Etym: [OE. bartren, OF. barater, bareter, to cheat, exchange, perh.
fr. Gr. to do, deal (well or ill), use practices or tricks, or perh.
fr. Celtic; cf. Ir. brath treachery, W. brad. Cf. Barrator.]

Defn: To traffic or trade, by exchanging one commodity for another,
in distinction from a sale and purchase, in which money is paid for
the commodities transferred; to truck.

BARTER
Bar"ter, v. t.

Defn: To trade or exchange in the way of barter; to exchange
(frequently for an unworthy consideration); to traffic; to truck; --
sometimes followed by away; as, to barter away goods or honor.

BARTER
Bar"ter, n.

1. The act or practice of trafficking by exchange of commodities; an
exchange of goods.
The spirit of huckstering and barter. Burke.

2. The thing given in exchange.

Syn.
 -- Exchange; dealing; traffic; trade; truck.

BARTERER
Bar"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who barters.

BARTERY
Bar"ter*y, n.

Defn: Barter. [Obs.] Camden.

BARTH
Barth, n. Etym: [Etymol. unknown.]

Defn: A place of shelter for cattle. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

BARTHOLOMEW TIDE
Bar*thol"o*mew tide`.

Defn: Time of the festival of St. Bartholomew, August 24th. Shak.

BARTIZAN
Bar"ti*zan`, n. Etym: [Cf. Brettice.] (Arch.)

Defn: A small, overhanging structure for lookout or defense, usually
projecting at an angle of a building or near an entrance gateway.

BARTLETT
Bart"lett, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A Bartlett pear, a favorite kind of pear, which originated in
England about 1770, and was called Williams' Bonchrétien. It was
brought to America, and distributed by Mr. Enoch Bartlett, of
Dorchester, Massachusetts.

BARTON
Bar"ton, n. Etym: [AS. beret courtyard, grange; bere barley + t an
inclosure. ]

1. The demesne lands of a manor; also, the manor itself. [Eng.]
Burton.

2. A farmyard. [Eng.] Southey.

BARTRAM
Bar"tram, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Bertram. Johnson.

BARWAY
Bar"way`, n.

Defn: A passage into a field or yard, closed by bars made to take out
of the posts.

BARWISE
Bar"wise`, adv. (Her.)

Defn: Horizontally.

BARWOOD
Bar"wood`, n.

Defn: A red wood of a leguminous tree (Baphia nitida), from Angola
and the Gaboon in Africa. It is used as a dyewood, and also for
ramrods, violin bows and turner's work.

BARYCENTRIC
Bar`y*cen"tric, a. Etym: [Gr. heavy + center.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the center of gravity. See Barycentric
calculus, under Calculus.

BARYPHONY
Ba*ryph"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. heavy + a sound voice.] (Med.)

Defn: Difficulty of speech.

BARYSPHERE
Bar"y*sphere, n. [Gr.  heavy + sphere.] (Geol.)

Defn: The heavy interior portion of the earth, within the
lithosphere.

BARYTA
Ba*ry"ta, n. Etym: [Gr. heavy. Cf. Baria.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oxide of barium (or barytum); a heavy earth with a specific
gravity above 4.

BARYTES
Ba*ry"tes, n. Etym: [Gr. heavy: cf. Gr. heaviness, F. baryte.] (Min.)

Defn: Barium sulphate, generally called heavy spar or barite. See
Barite.

BARYTIC
Ba*ryt"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to baryta.

BARYTO-CALCITE
Ba*ry"to-cal"cite, n. Etym: [Baryta + calcite.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a white or gray color, occurring massive or
crystallized. It is a compound of the carbonates of barium and
calcium.

BARYTONE; BARITONE
Bar"y*tone, Bar"i*tone, a. Etym: [Gr. ; heavy + tone.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: Grave and deep, as a kind of male voice.

2. (Greek Gram.)

Defn: Not marked with an accent on the last syllable, the grave
accent being understood.

BARYTONE; BARITONE
Bar"y*tone, Bar"i*tone, n. Etym: [F. baryton: cf. It. baritono.]

1. (Mus.)
(a) A male voice, the compass of which partakes of the common bass
and the tenor, but which does not descend as low as the one, nor rise
as high as the other.
(b) A person having a voice of such range.
(c) The viola di gamba, now entirely disused.

2. (Greek Gram.)

Defn: A word which has no accent marked on the last syllable, the
grave accent being understood.

BARYTUM
Ba*ry"tum, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: The metal barium. See Barium. [R.]

BASAL
Ba"sal, a.

Defn: Relating to, or forming, the base. Basal cleavage. See under
Cleavage.
 -- Basal plane (Crystallog.), one parallel to the lateral or
horizontal axis.

BASAL-NERVED
Ba"sal-nerved`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the nerves radiating from the base; -- said of leaves.

BASALT
Ba*salt", n. Etym: [N. basaltes (an African word), a dark and hard
species of marble found in Ethiopia: cf. F. basalte.]

1. (Geol.)

Defn: A rock of igneous origin, consisting of augite and triclinic
feldspar, with grains of magnetic or titanic iron, and also bottle-
green particles of olivine frequently disseminated.

Note: It is usually of a greenish black color, or of some dull brown
shade, or black. It constitutes immense beds in some regions, and
also occurs in veins or dikes cutting through other rocks. It has
often a prismatic structure as at the Giant's Causeway, in Ireland,
where the columns are as regular as if the work of art. It is a very
tough and heavy rock, and is one of the best materials for
macadamizing roads.

2. An imitation, in pottery, of natural basalt; a kind of black
porcelain.

BASALTIC
Ba*salt"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. basaltique.]

Defn: Pertaining to basalt; formed of, or containing, basalt; as
basaltic lava.

BASALTIFORM
Ba*salt"i*form, a. Etym: [Basalt + -form.]

Defn: In the form of basalt; columnar.

BASALTOID
Ba*salt"oid, a. Etym: [Basalt + -oid.]

Defn: Formed like basalt; basaltiform.

BASAN
Bas"an, n.

Defn: Same as Basil, a sheepskin.

BASANITE
Bas"a*nite, n. Etym: [L. basanites lapis, Gr. the touchstone: cf. F.
basanite.] (Min.)

Defn: Lydian stone, or black jasper, a variety of siliceous or flinty
slate, of a grayish or bluish black color. It is employed to test the
purity of gold, the amount of alloy being indicated by the color left
on the stone when rubbed by the metal.

BASBLEU
Bas`bleu", n. Etym: [F., fr. bas stocking + bleu blue.]

Defn: A bluestocking; a literary woman. [Somewhat derisive]

BASCINET
Bas"ci*net, n. Etym: [OE. bacinet, basnet, OF. bassinet, bacinet, F.
bassinet, dim. of OF. bacin, F. bassin, a helmet in the form of a
basin.]

Defn: A light helmet, at first open, but later made with a visor.
[Written also basinet, bassinet, basnet.]

BASCULE
Bas"cule, n. Etym: [F., a seesaw.]

Defn: In mechanics an apparatus on the principle of the seesaw, in
which one end rises as the other falls. Bascule bridge, a
counterpoise or balanced drawbridge, which is opened by sinking the
counterpoise and thus lifting the footway into the air.

BASE
Base, a. Etym: [OE. bass, F. bas, low, fr. LL. bassus thick, fat,
short, humble; cf. L. Bassus, a proper name, and W. bas shallow. Cf.
Bass a part in music.]

1. Of little, or less than the usual, height; of low growth; as, base
shrubs. [Archaic] Shak.

2. Low in place or position. [Obs.] Shak.

3. Of humble birth; or low degree; lowly; mean. [Archaic] "A pleasant
and base swain." Bacon.

4. Illegitimate by birth; bastard. [Archaic]
Why bastard wherefore base Shak.

5. Of little comparative value, as metal inferior to gold and silver,
the precious metals.

6. Alloyed with inferior metal; debased; as, base coin; base bullion.

7. Morally low. Hence: Low-minded; unworthy; without dignity of
sentiment; ignoble; mean; illiberal; menial; as, a base fellow; base
motives; base occupations. "A cruel act of a base and a cowardish
mind." Robynson (More's Utopia). "Base ingratitude." Milton.

8. Not classical or correct. "Base Latin." Fuller.

9. Deep or grave in sound; as, the base tone of a violin. [In this
sense, commonly written bass.]

10. (Law)

Defn: Not held by honorable service; as, a base estate, one held by
services not honorable; held by villenage. Such a tenure is called
base, or low, and the tenant, a base tenant. Base fee, formerly, an
estate held at the will of the lord; now, a qualified fee. See note
under Fee, n., 4.
 -- Base metal. See under Metal.

Syn.
 -- Dishonorable; worthless; ignoble; low-minded; infamous; sordid;
degraded.
 -- Base, Vile, Mean. These words, as expressing moral qualities, are
here arranged in the order of their strength, the strongest being
placed first. Base marks a high degree of moral turpitude; vile and
mean denote, in different degrees, the want of what is valuable or
worthy of esteem. What is base excites our abhorrence; what is vile
provokes our disgust or indignation; what is mean awakens contempt.
Base is opposed to high-minded; vile, to noble; mean, to liberal or
generous. Ingratitude is base; sycophancy is vile; undue compliances
are mean.

BASE
Base, n. Etym: [F. base, L. basis, fr. Gr. a stepping step, a base,
pedestal, fr. to go, step, akin to E. come. Cf. Basis, and see Come.]

1. The bottom of anything, considered as its support, or that on
which something rests for support; the foundation; as, the base of a
statue. "The base of mighty mountains." Prescott.

2. Fig.: The fundamental or essential part of a thing; the essential
principle; a groundwork.

3. (Arch.)
(a) The lower part of a wall, pier, or column, when treated as a
separate feature, usually in projection, or especially ornamented.
(b) The lower part of a complete architectural design, as of a
monument; also, the lower part of any elaborate piece of furniture or
decoration.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: That extremity of a leaf, fruit, etc., at which it is attached
to its support.

5. (Chem.)

Defn: The positive, or non-acid component of a salt; a substance
which, combined with an acid, neutralizes the latter and forms a
salt; -- applied also to the hydroxides of the positive elements or
radicals, and to certain organic bodies resembling them in their
property of forming salts with acids.

6. (Pharmacy)

Defn: The chief ingredient in a compound.

7. (Dyeing)

Defn: A substance used as a mordant. Ure.

8. (Fort.)

Defn: The exterior side of the polygon, or that imaginary line which
connects the salient angles of two adjacent bastions.

9. (Geom.)

Defn: The line or surface constituting that part of a figure on which
it is supposed to stand.

10. (Math.)

Defn: The number from which a mathematical table is constructed; as,
the base of a system of logarithms.

11. Etym: [See Base low.]

Defn: A low, or deep, sound. (Mus.) (a) The lowest part; the deepest
male voice. (b) One who sings, or the instrument which plays, base.
[Now commonly written bass.]
The trebles squeak for fear, the bases roar. Dryden.

12. (Mil.)

Defn: A place or tract of country, protected by fortifications, or by
natural advantages, from which the operations of an army proceed,
forward movements are made, supplies are furnished, etc.

13. (Mil.)

Defn: The smallest kind of cannon. [Obs.]

14. (Zoöl.)

Defn: That part of an organ by which it is attached to another more
central organ.

15. (Crystallog.)

Defn: The basal plane of a crystal.

16. (Geol.)

Defn: The ground mass of a rock, especially if not distinctly
crystalline.

17. (Her.)

Defn: The lower part of the field. See Escutcheon.

18. The housing of a horse. [Obs.]

19. pl.

Defn: A kind of skirt ( often of velvet or brocade, but sometimes of
mailed armor) which hung from the middle to about the knees, or
lower. [Obs.]

20. The lower part of a robe or petticoat. [Obs.]

21. An apron. [Obs.] "Bakers in their linen bases." Marston.

22. The point or line from which a start is made; a starting place or
a goal in various games.
To their appointed base they went. Dryden.

23. (Surv.)

Defn: A line in a survey which, being accurately determined in length
and position, serves as the origin from which to compute the
distances and positions of any points or objects connected with it by
a system of triangles. Lyman.

24. A rustic play; -- called also prisoner's base, prison base, or
bars. "To run the country base." Shak.

25. (Baseball)

Defn: Any one of the four bounds which mark the circuit of the
infield. Altern base. See under Altern.
 -- Attic base. (Arch.) See under Attic.
 -- Base course. (Arch.) (a) The first or lower course of a
foundation wall, made of large stones of a mass of concrete; --
called also foundation course. (b) The architectural member forming
the transition between the basement and the wall above.
 -- Base hit (Baseball), a hit, by which the batsman, without any
error on the part of his opponents, is able to reach the first base
without being put out.
 -- Base line. (a) A main line taken as a base, as in surveying or in
military operations. (b) A line traced round a cannon at the rear of
the vent.
 -- Base plate, the foundation plate of heavy machinery, as of the
steam engine; the bed plate.
 -- Base ring (Ordnance), a projecting band of metal around the
breech, connected with the body of the gun by a concave molding. H.
L. Scott.

BASE
Base, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Based (p. pr. & vb. n. Basing.] Etym: [From
Base, n.]

Defn: To put on a base or basis; to lay the foundation of; to found,
as an argument or conclusion; -- used with on or upon. Bacon.

BASE
Base, v. t. Etym: [See Base, a., and cf. Abase.]

1. To abase; to let, or cast, down; to lower. [Obs.]
If any . . . based his pike. Sir T. North.

2. To reduce the value of; to debase. [Obs.]
Metals which we can not base. Bacon.

BASEBALL
Base"ball", n.

1. A game of ball, so called from the bases or bounds ( four in
number) which designate the circuit which each player must endeavor
to make after striking the ball.

2. The ball used in this game.

BASEBOARD
Base"board, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A board, or other woodwork, carried round the walls of a room
and touching the floor, to form a base and protect the plastering; --
also called washboard (in England), mopboard, and scrubboard.

BASEBORN
Base"born`, a.

1. Born out of wedlock. Gay.

2. Born of low parentage.

3. Vile; mean. "Thy baseborn heart." Shak.

BASE-BURNER
Base"-burn`er, n.

Defn: A furnace or stove in which the fuel is contained in a hopper
or chamber, and is fed to the fire as the lower stratum is consumed.

BASE-COURT
Base"-court`, n. Etym: [F. basse-cour. See Base, a., and Court, n.]

1. The secondary, inferior, or rear courtyard of a large house; the
outer court of a castle.

2. (Law)

Defn: An inferior court of law, not of record.

BASED
Based, p. p. & a.

1. Having a base, or having as a base; supported; as, broad-based.

2. Etym: [See Base, n., 18-21.]

Defn: Wearing, or protected by, bases. [Obs.] "Based in lawny
velvet." E. Hall.

BASEDOW'S DISEASE
Ba"se*dow's dis*ease". Etym: [Named for Dr. Basedow, a German
physician.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease characterized by enlargement of the thyroid gland,
prominence of the eyeballs, and inordinate action of the heart; --
called also exophthalmic goiter. Flint.

BASELARD
Bas"e*lard, n. Etym: [OF. baselarde, LL. basillardus.]

Defn: A short sword or dagger, worn in the fifteenth century.
[Written also baslard.] Fairholt.

BASELESS
Base"less, a.

Defn: Without a base; having no foundation or support. "The baseless
fabric of this vision." Shak.

BASELY
Base"ly, adv.

1. In a base manner; with despicable meanness; dishonorably;
shamefully.

2. Illegitimately; in bastardy. [Archaic] Knolles.

BASEMENT
Base"ment, n. Etym: [F. soubassement. Of uncertain origin. Cf. Base,
a., Bastion.] (Arch.)

Defn: The outer wall of the ground story of a building, or of a part
of that story, when treated as a distinct substructure. ( See Base,
n., 3 (a).) Hence: The rooms of a ground floor, collectively.
Basement membrane (Anat.), a delicate membrane composed of a single
layer of flat cells, forming the substratum upon which, in many
organs, the epithelioid cells are disposed.

BASENESS
Base"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being base; degradation; vileness.
I once did hold it a baseness to write fair. Shak.

BASENET
Bas"e*net, n.

Defn: See Bascinet. [Obs.]

BASE VIOL
Base" vi`ol.

Defn: See Bass viol.

BASH
Bash, v. t. & i. Etym: [OE. baschen, baissen. See Abash.]

Defn: To abash; to disconcert or be disconcerted or put out of
countenance. [Obs.]
His countenance was bold and bashed not. Spenser.

BASHAW
Ba*shaw", n. Etym: [See Pasha.]

1. A Turkish title of honor, now written pasha. See Pasha.

2. Fig.: A magnate or grandee.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large siluroid fish (Leptops olivaris) of the
Mississippi valley; -- also called goujon, mud cat, and yellow cat.

BASHFUL
Bash"ful, a. Etym: [See Bash.]

1. Abashed; daunted; dismayed. [Obs.]

2. Very modest, or modest excess; constitutionally disposed to shrink
from public notice; indicating extreme or excessive modesty; shy; as,
a bashful person, action, expression.

Syn.
 -- Diffident; retiring; reserved; shamefaced; sheepish.

BASHFULLY
Bash"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In a bashful manner.

BASHFULNESS
Bash"ful*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being bashful.

Syn.
 -- Bashfulness, Modesty, Diffidence, Shyness. Modesty arises from a
low estimate of ourselves; bashfulness is an abashment or agitation
of the spirits at coming into contact with others; diffidence is
produced by an undue degree of self-distrust; shyness usually arises
from an excessive self-consciousness, and a painful impression that
every one is looking at us. Modesty of deportment is becoming at all;
bashfulness often gives rise to mistakes and blundering; diffidence
is society frequently makes a man a burden to himself; shyness
usually produces a reserve or distance which is often mistaken for
haughtiness.

BASHI-BAZOUK
Bash"i-ba*zouk", n. Etym: [Turkish, light-headed, a foolish fellow.]

Defn: A soldier belonging to the irregular troops of the Turkish
army.

BASHLESS
Bash"less, a.

Defn: Shameless; unblushing. [Obs.] Spenser.

BASHYLE
Bas"hyle, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Basyle.

BASI-
Ba"si-.

Defn: A combining form, especially in anatomical and botanical words,
to indicate the base or position at or near a base; forming a base;
as, basibranchials, the most ventral of the cartilages or bones of
the branchial arches; basicranial, situated at the base of the
cranium; basifacial, basitemporal, etc.

BASIC
Ba"sic, a.

1. (Chem.)
(a) Relating to a base; performing the office of a base in a salt.
(b) Having the base in excess, or the amount of the base atomically
greater than that of the acid, or exceeding in proportion that of the
related neutral salt.
(c) Apparently alkaline, as certain normal salts which exhibit
alkaline reactions with test paper.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Said of crystalline rocks which contain a relatively low
percentage of silica, as basalt. Basic salt (Chem.), a salt formed
from a base or hydroxide by the partial replacement of its hydrogen
by a negative or acid element or radical.

BASICERITE
Ba*sic"er*ite, n. Etym: [Basi- + Gr. horn, antenna.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The second joint of the antennæ of crustaceans.

BASICITY
Ba*sic"i*ty, n. (Chem.)
(a) The quality or state of being a base.
(b) The power of an acid to unite with one or more atoms or
equivalents of a base, as indicated by the number of replaceable
hydrogen atoms contained in the acid.

BASIC PROCESS
Ba"sic proc"ess. (Iron Metal.)

Defn: A Bessemer or open-hearth steel-making process in which a
lining that is basic, or not siliceous, is used, and additions of
basic material are made to the molten charge during treatment.
Opposed to acid process, above. Called also Thomas process.

BASIC SLAG
Basic slag.

Defn: A by-product from the manufacture of steel by the basic
process, used as a fertilizer. It is rich in lime and contains 14 to
20 per cent of phosphoric acid. Called also Thomas slag, phosphatic
slag, and odorless phosphate.

BASIC STEEL
Basic steel.

Defn: Steel produced by the basic process.

BASIDIOMYCETES
Ba*sid`i*o*my*ce"tes, n. pl. [NL., fr. NL. & E. basidium + Gr. , ,
fungus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large subdivision of fungi coördinate with the Ascomycetes,
characterized by having the spores borne on a basidium. It embraces
those fungi best known to the public, such as mushrooms, toadstools,
etc.

BASIDIOSPORE
Ba*sid"i*o*spore, n. Etym: [Basidium + spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: A spore borne by a basidium.
 -- Ba*sid`i*o*spor"ous (, a.

BASIDIUM
Ba*sid"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of Gr. base.] (Bot.)

Defn: A special oblong or pyriform cell, with slender branches, which
bears the spores in that division of fungi called Basidiomycetes, of
which the common mushroom is an example.

BASIFIER
Ba"si*fi`er, n. (Chem.)

Defn: That which converts into a salifiable base.

BASIFUGAL
Ba*sif"u*gal, a. Etym: [Base,n.+ L. fugere to flee.] (Bot.)

Defn: Tending or proceeding away from the base; as, a basifugal
growth.

BASIFY
Ba"si*fy, v. t. Etym: [Base + -fy.] (Chem.)

Defn: To convert into a salifiable base.

BASIGYNIUM
Ba`si*gyn"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. base + woman.] (Bot.)

Defn: The pedicel on which the ovary of certain flowers, as the
passion flower, is seated; a carpophore or thecaphore.

BASIHYAL
Ba`si*hy"al, a. Etym: [Basi- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Noting two small bones, forming the body of the inverted hyoid
arch.

BASIHYOID
Ba`si*hy"oid, n. Etym: [Basi- + hyoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: The central tongue bone.

BASIL
Bas"il, n. Etym: [Cf. F. basile and E. Bezel.]

Defn: The slope or angle to which the cutting edge of a tool, as a
plane, is ground. Grier.

BASIL
Bas"il, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Basiled (p. pr. & vb. n. Basiling.]

Defn: To grind or form the edge of to an angle. Moxon.

BASIL
Bas"il, n. Etym: [F. basilic, fr. L. badilicus royal, Gr. , fr.
king.] (Bot.)

Defn: The name given to several aromatic herbs of the Mint family,
but chiefly to the common or sweet basil (Ocymum basilicum), and the
bush basil, or lesser basil (O. minimum), the leaves of which are
used in cookery. The name is also given to several kinds of mountain
mint (Pycnanthemum). Basil thyme, a name given to the fragrant herbs
Calamintha Acinos and C. Nepeta.
 -- Wild basil, a plant (Calamintha clinopodium) of the Mint family.

BASIL
Bas"il, n. Etym: [Corrupt. from E. basan, F. basane, LL. basanium,
bazana, fr. Ar. bithana, prop., lining.]

Defn: The skin of a sheep tanned with bark.

BASILAR; BASILARY
Bas"i*lar, Bas"i*la*ry, a. Etym: [F. basilaire, fr. L. basis. See
Base, n.]

1. Relating to, or situated at, the base.

2. Lower; inferior; applied to impulses or springs of action. [R.]
"Basilar instincts." H. W. Beecher.

BASILIC
Ba*sil"ic, n. Etym: [F. basilique.]

Defn: Basilica.

BASILIC; BASILICAL
Ba*sil"ic, Ba*sil"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Basilica.]

1. Royal; kingly; also, basilican.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to certain parts, anciently supposed to have a
specially important function in the animal economy, as the middle
vein of the right arm.

BASILICA
Ba*sil"i*ca, n.; pl. Basilicas; sometimes Basilic. Etym: [L.
basilica, Gr. ( sc. , or ) fr. royal, fr. .]

Defn: Originally, the place of a king; but afterward, an apartment
provided in the houses of persons of importance, where assemblies
were held for dispensing justice; and hence, any large hall used for
this purpose.

2. (Arch.)
(a) A building used by the Romans as a place of public meeting, with
court rooms, etc., attached.
(b) A church building of the earlier centuries of Christianity, the
plan of which was taken from the basilica of the Romans. The name is
still applied to some churches by way of honorary distinction.

BASILICA
Ba*sil"i*ca, n.

Defn: A digest of the laws of Justinian, translated from the original
Latin into Greek, by order of Basil I., in the ninth century. P. Cyc.

BASILICAN
Ba*sil"i*can, a.

Defn: Of, relating to, or resembling, a basilica; basilical.
There can be no doubt that the first churches in Constantinople were
in the basilican form. Milman.

BASILICOK
Ba*sil"i*cok, n. Etym: [OF. basilicoc.]

Defn: The basilisk. [Obs.] Chaucer

BASILICON
Ba*sil"i*con, n. Etym: [L. basilicon, Gr. , neut. of : cf. F.
basilicon. See Basilica.] (Med.)

Defn: An ointment composed of wax, pitch, resin, and olive oil, lard,
or other fatty substance.

BASILISK
Bas"i*lisk, n. Etym: [L. basiliscus, Gr. little king, kind of
serpent, dim. of king; -- so named from some prominences on the head
resembling a crown.]

1. A fabulous serpent, or dragon. The ancients alleged that its
hissing would drive away all other serpents, and that its breath, and
even its look, was fatal. See Cockatrice.
Make me not sighted like the basilisk. Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lizard of the genus Basiliscus, belonging to the family
Iguanidæ.

Note: This genus is remarkable for a membranous bag rising above the
occiput, which can be filled with air at pleasure; also for an
elevated crest along the back, that can be raised or depressed at
will.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A large piece of ordnance, so called from its supposed
resemblance to the serpent of that name, or from its size. [Obs.]

BASIN
Ba"sin, n. Etym: [OF. bacin, F. bassin, LL. bacchinus, fr. bacca a
water vessel, fr. L. bacca berry, in allusion to the round shape; or
perh. fr. Celtic. Cf. Bac.]

1. A hollow vessel or dish, to hold water for washing, and for
various other uses.

2. The quantity contained in a basin.

3. A hollow vessel, of various forms and materials, used in the arts
or manufactures, as that used by glass grinders for forming concave
glasses, by hatters for molding a hat into shape, etc.

4. A hollow place containing water, as a pond, a dock for ships, a
little bay.

5. (Physical Geog.)
(a) A circular or oval valley, or depression of the surface of the
ground, the lowest part of which is generally occupied by a lake, or
traversed by a river.
(b) The entire tract of country drained by a river, or sloping
towards a sea or lake.

6. (Geol.)

Defn: An isolated or circumscribed formation, particularly where the
strata dip inward, on all sides, toward a center; -- especially
applied to the coal formations, called coal basins or coal fields.

BASINED
Ba"sined, a.

Defn: Inclosed in a basin. "Basined rivers." Young.

BASINET
Bas"i*net, n.

Defn: Same as Bascinet.

BASIOCCIPITAL
Ba`si*oc*cip"i*tal, a. Etym: [Basi- + occipital.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the bone in the base of the cranium,
frequently forming a part of the occipital in the adult, but usually
distinct in the young.
 -- n.

Defn: The basioccipital bone.

BASION
Ba"si*on, n. Etym: [Gr. a base.] (Anat.)

Defn: The middle of the anterior margin of the great foramen of the
skull.

BASIPODITE
Ba*sip"o*dite, n. Etym: [Basi- + , , foot.] (Anat.)

Defn: The basal joint of the legs of Crustacea.

BASIPTERYGIUM
Ba*sip`te*ryg"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. a base + a fin.] (Anat.)

Defn: A bar of cartilage at the base of the embryonic fins of some
fishes. It develops into the metapterygium.
 -- Ba*sip`ter*yg"i*al (, a.

BASIPTERYGOID
Ba`sip*ter"y*goid, a. & n. Etym: [Basi- + pierygoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Applied to a protuberance of the base of the sphenoid bone.

BASIS
Ba"sis, n.; pl. Bases. Etym: [L. basis, Gr. . See Base, n.]

1. The foundation of anything; that on which a thing rests. Dryden.

2. The pedestal of a column, pillar, or statue. [Obs.]
If no basis bear my rising name. Pope.

3. The ground work the first or fundamental principle; that which
supports.
The basis of public credit is good faith. A. Hamilton.

4. The principal component part of a thing.

BASISOLUTE
Ba*sis"o*lute, a. Etym: [Basi- + solute, a.] (Bot.)

Defn: Prolonged at the base, as certain leaves.

BASISPHENOID; BASISPHENOIDAL
Ba`si*sphe"noid, Ba`si*sphe*noid"al, a. Etym: [Basi- + spheroid.]
(Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to that part of the base of the cranium
between the basioccipital and the presphenoid, which usually ossifies
separately in the embryo or in the young, and becomes a part of the
sphenoid in the adult.

BASISPHENOID
Ba`si*sphe"noid, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The basisphenoid bone.

BASK
Bask, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Basked (p. pr. & vb. n. Basking.] Etym: [
OScand. ba to bathe one's self, or perh. bakask to bake one's self,
sk being reflexive. See Bath, n., Bake, v. t.]

Defn: To lie in warmth; to be exposed to genial heat.
Basks in the glare, and stems the tepid wave. Goldsmith.

BASK
Bask, v. t.

Defn: To warm by continued exposure to heat; to warm with genial
heat.
Basks at the fire his hairy strength. Milton.

BASKET
Bas"ket, n. Etym: [Of unknown origin. The modern Celtic words seem to
be from the English.]

1. A vessel made of osiers or other twigs, cane, rushes, splints, or
other flexible material, interwoven. "Rude baskets . . . woven of the
flexile willow." Dyer.

2. The contents of a basket; as much as a basket contains; as, a
basket of peaches.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: The bell or vase of the Corinthian capital. [Improperly so
used.] Gwilt.

4. The two back seats facing one another on the outside of a
stagecoach. [Eng.] Goldsmith. Basket fish (Zoöl.), an ophiuran of the
genus Astrophyton, having the arms much branched. See Astrophyton.
 -- Basket hilt, a hilt with a covering wrought like basketwork to
protect the hand. Hudibras. Hence, Baskethilted, a.
 -- Basket work, work consisting of plaited osiers or twigs.
 -- Basket worm (Zoöl.), a lepidopterous insect of the genus
Thyridopteryx and allied genera, esp. T. ephemeræformis. The larva
makes and carries about a bag or basket-like case of silk and twigs,
which it afterwards hangs up to shelter the pupa and wingless adult
females.

BASKET
Bas"ket, v. t.

Defn: To put into a basket. [R.]

BASKET BALL
Bas"ket ball`.

Defn: A game, usually played indoors, in which two parties of players
contest with each other to toss a large inflated ball into opposite
goals resembling baskets.

BASKETFUL
Bas"ket*ful, n.; pl. Basketfuls (.

Defn: As much as a basket will contain.

BASKETRY
Bas"ket*ry, n.

Defn: The art of making baskets; also, baskets, taken collectively.

BASKING SHARK
Bask"ing shark`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the largest species of sharks (Cetorhinus maximus), so
called from its habit of basking in the sun; the liver shark, or bone
shark. It inhabits the northern seas of Europe and America, and grows
to a length of more than forty feet. It is a harmless species.

BASNET
Bas"net, n.

Defn: Same as Bascinet.

BASOMMATOPHORA
Ba*som`ma*toph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. base + eye + to
bear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Pulmonifera having the eyes at the base of the
tentacles, including the common pond snails.

BASON
Ba"son, n.

Defn: A basin. [Obs. or Special form]

BASQUE
Basque, a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Pertaining to Biscay, its people, or their language.

BASQUE
Basque, n. Etym: [F.]

1. One of a race, of unknown origin, inhabiting a region on the Bay
of Biscay in Spain and France.

2. The language spoken by the Basque people.

3. A part of a lady's dress, resembling a jacket with a short skirt;
-- probably so called because this fashion of dress came from the
Basques.

BASQUISH
Basqu"ish, a. Etym: [F. Basque Biscayan: cf. G. Baskisch.]

Defn: Pertaining to the country, people, or language of Biscay;
Basque [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

BAS-RELIEF
Bas`-re*lief", n. Etym: [F. bas-relief; bas law + relief raised work,
relever to raise: cf. It. bassorilievo.]

Defn: Low relief; sculpture, the figures of which project less than
half of their true proportions; -- called also bassrelief and basso-
rilievo. See Alto-rilievo.

BASS
Bass, n.

Defn: ; pl. Bass, and sometimes Basses. Etym: [A corruption of
barse.] (Zoöl.)

1. An edible, spiny-finned fish, esp. of the genera Roccus, Labrax,
and related genera. There are many species.

Note: The common European bass is Labrax lupus. American species are:
the striped bass (Roccus lineatus); white or silver bass of the
lakes. (R. chrysops); brass or yellow bass (R. interruptus).

2. The two American fresh-water species of black bass (genus
Micropterus). See Black bass.

3. Species of Serranus, the sea bass and rock bass. See Sea bass.

4. The southern, red, or channel bass (Sciæna ocellata). See Redfish.

Note: The name is also applied to many other fishes. See Calico bass,
under Calico.

BASS
Bass, n. Etym: [A corruption of bast.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The linden or lime tree, sometimes wrongly called whitewood;
also, its bark, which is used for making mats. See Bast.

2. (Pron.

Defn: A hassock or thick mat.

BASS
Bass, n. Etym: [F. basse, fr. bas low. See Base, a.]

1. A bass, or deep, sound or tone.

2. (Mus.)
(a) The lowest part in a musical composition.
(b) One who sings, or the instrument which plays, bass. [Written also
base.] Thorough bass. See Thorough bass.

BASS
Bass, a.

Defn: Deep or grave in tone. Bass clef (Mus.), the character placed
at the beginning of the staff containing the bass part of a musical
composition. [See Illust. under Clef.] -- Bass voice, a deepsounding
voice; a voice fitted for singing bass.

BASS
Bass, v. t.

Defn: To sound in a deep tone. [R.] Shak.

BASSA; BASSAW
Bas"sa, Bas*saw", n.

Defn: See Bashaw.

BASS DRUM
Bass` drum". (Mus.)

Defn: The largest of the different kinds of drums, having two heads,
and emitting a deep, grave sound. See Bass, a.

BASSET
Bas"set, n. Etym: [F. bassette, fr.It. bassetta. Cf. Basso.]

Defn: A game at cards, resembling the modern faro, said to have been
invented at Venice.
Some dress, some dance, some play, not to forget Your piquet parties,
and your dear basset. Rowe.

BASSET
Bas"set, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. basset somewhat low, dim. of bas low.]
(Geol.)

Defn: Inclined upward; as, the basset edge of strata. Lyell.

BASSET
Bas"set, n. (Geol.)

Defn: The edge of a geological stratum at the surface of the ground;
the outcrop.

BASSET
Bas"set, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Basseted; p. pr. & vb. n. Basseting.]
(Geol.)

Defn: To inclined upward so as to appear at the surface; to crop out;
as, a vein of coal bassets.

BASSET HORN
Bas"set horn`. Etym: [See Basset, a.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument blown with a reed, and resembling a clarinet, but
of much greater compass, embracing nearly four octaves.

BASSET HOUND
Bas"set hound`. Etym: [F. basset.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small kind of hound with a long body and short legs, used as
an earth dog.

BASSETING
Bas"set*ing, n.

Defn: The upward direction of a vein in a mine; the emergence of a
stratum at the surface.

BASSETTO
Bas*set"to, n. Etym: [It., adj., somewhat low; n., counter tenor. See
Basso.] (Mus.)

Defn: A tenor or small bass viol.

BASS HORN
Bass" horn". (Mus.)

Defn: A modification of the bassoon, much deeper in tone.

BASSINET
Bas"si*net, n. Etym: [Cf. F. bassinet, dim. of bassin. See Basin, and
cf. Bascinet.]

1. A wicker basket, with a covering or hood over one end, in which
young children are placed as in a cradle.

2. See Bascinet. Lord Lytton.

BASSO
Bas"so, n. Etym: [It., fr. LL. bassus. See Base, a.] (Mus.)
(a) The bass or lowest part; as, to sing basso.
(b) One who sings the lowest part.
(c) The double bass, or contrabasso. Basso continuo (. Etym: [It.,
bass continued.] (Mus.) A bass part written out continuously, while
the other parts of the harmony are indicated by figures attached to
the bass; continued bass.

BASSOCK
Bas"sock, n.

Defn: A hassock. See 2d Bass, 2.

BASSOON
Bas*soon", n. Etym: [F. basson, fr. basse bass; or perh. fr. bas son
low sound. See Bass a part in music. ] (Mus.)

Defn: A wind instrument of the double reed kind, furnished with
holes, which are stopped by the fingers, and by keys, as in flutes.
It forms the natural bass to the oboe, clarinet, etc.

Note: Its compass comprehends three octaves. For convenience of
carriage it is divided into two parts; whence it is also called a
fagot.

BASSOONIST
Bas*soon"ist, n.

Defn: A performer on the bassoon. Busby.

BASSO-RILIEVO; BASSO-RELIEVO
Bas"so-ri*lie"vo, Bas"so-re*lie"vo, n. Etym: [It. basso-rilievo.]

Defn: Same as Bas-relief.

BASSORIN
Bas"so*rin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. bassorine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A constituent part of a species of gum from Bassora, as also of
gum tragacanth and some gum resins. It is one of the amyloses. Ure.

BASS-RELIEF
Bass"-re*lief`, n.

Defn: Some as Bas-relief.

BASS VIOL
Bass" vi`ol. (Mus.)

Defn: A stringed instrument of the viol family, used for playing
bass. See 3d Bass, n., and Violoncello.

BASSWOOD
Bass"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The bass (Tilia) or its wood; especially, T. Americana. See
Bass, the lime tree.
All the bowls were made of basswood, White and polished very
smoothly. Longfellow.

BAST
Bast, n. Etym: [AS. bæst; akin to Icel., Sw., Dan., D., & G. bast, of
unknown origin. Cf. Bass the tree.]

1. The inner fibrous bark of various plants; esp. of the lime tree;
hence, matting, cordage, etc., made therefrom.

2. A thick mat or hassock. See 2d Bass, 2.

BASTA
Bas"ta, interj. Etym: [It.]

Defn: Enough; stop. Shak.

BASTARD
Bas"tard, n. Etym: [OF. bastard, bastart, F. b, prob. fr. OF. bast,
F. b, a packsaddle used as a bed by the muleteers (fr. LL. bastum) +
-ard. OF. fils de bast son of the packsaddle; as the muleteers were
accustomed to use their saddles for beds in the inns. See Cervantes,
"Don Quixote," chap. 16; and cf.G. bankert, fr. bank bench.]

1. A "natural" child; a child begotten and born out of wedlock; an
illegitimate child; one born of an illicit union.

Note: By the civil and canon laws, and by the laws of many of the
United States, a bastard becomes a legitimate child by the
intermarriage of the parents at any subsequent time. But by those of
England, and of some states of the United States, a child, to be
legitimate, must at least be born after the lawful marriage. Kent.
Blackstone.

2. (Sugar Refining)
(a) An inferior quality of soft brown sugar, obtained from the sirups
that
(b) A large size of mold, in which sugar is drained.

3. A sweet Spanish wine like muscadel in flavor.
Brown bastard is your only drink. Shak.

4. A writing paper of a particular size. See Paper.

BASTARD
Bas"tard, a.

1. Begotten and born out of lawful matrimony; illegitimate. See
Bastard, n., note.

2. Lacking in genuineness; spurious; false; adulterate; -- applied to
things which resemble those which are genuine, but are really not so.
That bastard self-love which is so vicious in itself, and productive
of so many vices. Barrow.

3. Of an unusual make or proportion; as, a bastard musket; a bastard
culverin. [Obs.]

4. (Print.)

Defn: Abbreviated, as the half title in a page preceding the full
title page of a book. Bastard ashlar (Arch.), stones for ashlar work,
roughly squared at the quarry.
 -- Bastard file, a file intermediate between the coarsest and the
second cut.
 -- Bastard type (Print.), type having the face of a larger or a
smaller size than the body; e.g., a nonpareil face on a brevier body.
 -- Bastard wing (Zoöl.), three to five quill feathers on a small
joint corresponding to the thumb in some mam malia; the alula.

BASTARD
Bas"tard, v. t.

Defn: To bastardize. [Obs.] Bacon.

BASTARDISM
Bas"tard*ism, n.

Defn: The state of being a bastard; bastardy.

BASTARDIZE
Bas"tard*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bastardized (p. pr. & vb. n.
Bastardizing.]

1. To make or prove to be a bastard; to stigmatize as a bastard; to
declare or decide legally to be illegitimate.
The law is so indulgent as not to bastardize the child, if born,
though not begotten, in lawful wedlock. Blackstone.

2. To beget out of wedlock. [R.] Shak.

BASTARDLY
Bas"tard*ly, a.

Defn: Bastardlike; baseborn; spuripous; corrupt. [Obs.] -- adv.

Defn: In the manner of a bastard; spuriously. [Obs.] Shak. Donne.

BASTARDY
Bas"tar*dy, n.

1. The state of being a bastard; illegitimacy.

2. The procreation of a bastard child. Wharton.

BASTE
Baste, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Basted; p. pr. & vb. n. Basting.] Etym:
[Cf. Icel. beysta to strike, powder; Sw. basa to beat with a rod:
perh. akin to E. beat.]

1. To beat with a stick; to cudgel.
One man was basted by the keeper for carrying some people over on his
back through the waters. Pepys.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: To sprinkle flour and salt and drip butter or fat on, as on
meat in roasting.

3. To mark with tar, as sheep. [Prov. Eng.]

BASTE
Baste, v. t. Etym: [OE. basten, OF. bastir, F. b, prob. fr. OHG.
bestan to sew, MHG. besten to bind, fr. OHG. bast bast. See Bast.]

Defn: To sew loosely, or with long stitches; -- usually, that the
work may be held in position until sewed more firmly. Shak.

BASTILE; BASTILLE
Bas*tile" Bas*tille", n. Etym: [F. bastille fortress, OF. bastir to
build, F. b.]

1. (Feud. Fort.)

Defn: A tower or an elevated work, used for the defense, or in the
siege, of a fortified place.
The high bastiles . . . which overtopped the walls. Holland.

2. "The Bastille", formerly a castle or fortress in Paris, used as a
prison, especially for political offenders; hence, a rhetorical name
for a prison.

BASTINADE
Bas`ti*nade", n.

Defn: See Bastinado, n.

BASTINADE
Bas`ti*nade", v. t.

Defn: To bastinado. [Archaic]

BASTINADO
Bas`ti*na"do, n.; pl. Bastinadoes. Etym: [Sp. bastonada (cf. F.
bastonnade), fr. baston (cf. F. b) a stick or staff. See Baston.]

1. A blow with a stick or cudgel.

2. A sound beating with a stick or cudgel. Specifically: A form of
punishment among the Turks, Chinese, and others, consisting in
beating an offender on the soles of his feet.

BASTINADO
Bas`ti*na"do, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bastinadoes (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bastinadoing.]

Defn: To beat with a stick or cudgel, especially on the soles of the
feet.

BASTION
Bas"tion, n. Etym: [F. bastion (cf. It. bastione), fr. LL. bastire to
build (cf. F. b, It. bastire), perh. from the idea of support for a
weight, and akin to Gr. to lift, carry, and to E. baston, baton.]
(Fort.)

Defn: A work projecting outward from the main inclosure of a
fortification, consisting of two faces and two flanks, and so
constructed that it is able to defend by a flanking fire the adjacent
curtain, or wall which extends from one bastion to another. Two
adjacent bastions are connected by the curtain, which joins the flank
of one with the adjacent flank of the other. The distance between the
flanks of a bastion is called the gorge. A lunette is a detached
bastion. See Ravelin.

BASTIONED
Bas"tioned, a.

Defn: Furnished with a bastion; having bastions.

BASTO
Bas"to, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: The ace of clubs in qua Pope.

BASTON
Bas"ton, n. Etym: [OF. baston, F. b, LL. basto. See Bastion, and cf.
Baton, and 3d Batten.]

1. A staff or cudgel. [Obs.] "To fight with blunt bastons." Holland.

2. (Her.)

Defn: See Baton.

3. An officer bearing a painted staff, who formerly was in attendance
upon the king's court to take into custody persons committed by the
court. Mozley & W.

BASUTOS
Ba*su"tos, n. pl.; sing. Basuto. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A warlike South African people of the Bantu stock, divided into
many tribes, subject to the English. They formerly practiced
cannibalism, but have now adopted many European customs.

BASYLE
Bas"yle, n. Etym: [Gr. base + wood. See -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A positive or nonacid constituent of compound, either
elementary, or, if compound, performing the functions of an element.

BASYLOUS
Bas"y*lous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or having the nature of, a basyle; electro-
positive; basic; -- opposed to chlorous. Graham.

BAT
Bat, n. Etym: [OE. batte, botte, AS. batt; perhaps fr. the Celtic;
cf. Ir. bat, bata, stick, staff; but cf. also F. batte a beater
(thing), wooden sword, battre to beat.]

1. A large stick; a club; specifically, a piece of wood with one end
thicker or broader than the other, used in playing baseball, cricket,
etc.

2. (Mining)

Defn: Shale or bituminous shale. Kirwan.

3. A sheet of cotton used for filling quilts or comfortables;
batting.

4. A part of a brick with one whole end. Bat bolt (Machinery), a bolt
barbed or jagged at its butt or tang to make it hold the more firmly.
Knight.

BAT
Bat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Batted (p. pr. & vb. n. Batting.]

Defn: To strike or hit with a bat or a pole; to cudgel; to beat.
Holland.

BAT
Bat, v. i.

Defn: To use a bat, as in a game of baseball.

BAT
Bat, n. Etym: [Corrupt. from OE. back, backe, balke; cf. Dan. aften-
bakke] (aften evening), Sw. natt-backa] (natt night), Icel. le (le
leather), Icel. blaka to flutter.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Cheiroptera, an order of flying mammals, in which
the wings are formed by a membrane stretched between the elongated
fingers, legs, and tail. The common bats are small and insectivorous.
See Cheiroptera and Vampire. Bat tick (Zoöl.), a wingless, dipterous
insect of the genus Nycteribia, parasitic on bats.

BATABLE
Bat"a*ble, a. Etym: [Abbrev. from debatable.]

Defn: Disputable. [Obs.]

Note: The border land between England and Scotland, being formerly a
subject of contention, was called batable or debatable ground.

BATAILLED
Bat"ailled, a.

Defn: Embattled. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BATARDEAU
Ba`tar*deau", n. Etym: [F.]

1. A cofferdam. Brande & C.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A wall built across the ditch of a fortification, with a sluice
gate to regulate the height of water in the ditch on both sides of
the wall.

BATATAS; BATATA
Ba*ta"tas, Ba*ta"ta, n.

Defn: An aboriginal American name for the sweet potato (Ipomæa
batatas).

BATAVIAN
Ba*ta"vi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to (a) the Batavi, an ancient Germanic tribe;
or to (b) as, a Batavian legion. Batavian Republic, the name given to
Holland by the French after its conquest in 1795.

BATAVIAN
Ba*ta"vi*an, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Batavia or Holland. [R.] Bancroft.

BATCH
Batch, n. Etym: [OE. bache, bacche, fr. AS. bacan to bake; cf. G.
gebäck and D. baksel. See Bake, v. t.]

1. The quantity of bread baked at one time.

2. A quantity of anything produced at one operation; a group or
collection of persons or things of the same kind; as, a batch of
letters; the next batch of business. "A new batch of Lords." Lady M.
W. Montagu.

BATE
Bate, n. Etym: [Prob. abbrev. from debate.]

Defn: Strife; contention. [Obs.] Shak.

BATE
Bate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bated; p. pr. & vb. n. Bating.] Etym: [From
abate.]

1. To lessen by retrenching, deducting, or reducing; to abate; to
beat down; to lower.
He must either bate the laborer's wages, or not employ or not pay
him. Locke.

2. To allow by way of abatement or deduction.
To whom he bates nothing or what he stood upon with the parliament.
South.

3. To leave out; to except. [Obs.]
Bate me the king, and, be he flesh and blood. He lies that says it.
Beau. & Fl.

4. To remove. [Obs.]
About autumn bate the earth from about the roots of olives, and lay
them bare. Holland.

5. To deprive of. [Obs.]
When baseness is exalted, do not bate The place its honor for the
person's sake. Herbert.

BATE
Bate, v. i.

1. To remit or retrench a part; -- with of.
Abate thy speed, and I will bate of mine. Dryden.

2. To waste away. [Obs.] Shak.

BATE
Bate, v. t.

Defn: To attack; to bait. [Obs.] Spenser.

BATE
Bate, imp.

Defn: of Bite. [Obs.] Spenser.

BATE
Bate, v. i. Etym: [F. battre des ailes to flutter. Cf. Bait to
flutter.]

Defn: To flutter as a hawk; to bait. [Obs.] Bacon.

BATE
Bate, n. (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: See 2d Bath.

BATE
Bate, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. beta maceration, soaking, G. beize, and E.
bite.]

Defn: An alkaline solution consisting of the dung of certain animals;
-- employed in the preparation of hides; grainer. Knight.

BATE
Bate, v. t.

Defn: To steep in bate, as hides, in the manufacture of leather.

BATEAU
Ba*teau", n.; pl. Bateaux. Etym: [F. bateau, LL. batellus, fr.
battus, batus, boa, which agrees with AS. bat boat: cf. W. bad boat.
See Boat, n.]

Defn: A boat; esp. a flat-bottomed, clumsy boat used on the Canadian
lakes and rivers. [Written also, but less properly, batteau.] Bateau
bridge, a floating bridge supported by bateaux.

BATED
Bat"ed, a.

Defn: Reduced; lowered; restrained; as, to speak with bated breath.
Macaulay.

BATEFUL
Bate"ful, a.

Defn: Exciting contention; contentious. [Obs.] "It did bateful
question frame. " Sidney.

BATELESS
Bate"less, a.

Defn: Not to be abated. [Obs.] Shak.

BATEMENT
Bate"ment, n. Etym: [For Abatement. See 2d Bate.]

Defn: Abatement; diminution. Moxon. Batement light (Arch.), a window
or one division of a window having vertical sides, but with the sill
not horizontal, as where it follows the rake of a staircase.

BATFISH
Bat"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name given to several species of fishes: (a) The Malthe
vespertilio of the Atlantic coast. (b) The flying gurnard of the
Atlantic (Cephalacanthus spinarella). (c) The California batfish or
sting ray (Myliobatis Californicus.)

BATFOWLER
Bat"fowl`er, n.

Defn: One who practices or finds sport in batfowling.

BATFOWLING
Bat"fowl`ing, n. Etym: [From Bat a stick.]

Defn: A mode of catching birds at night, by holding a torch or other
light, and beating the bush or perch where they roost. The birds,
flying to the light, are caught with nets or otherwise.

BATFUL
Bat"ful, a. Etym: [Icel. bati amelioration, batna to grow better;
akin to AS. bet better. Goth. ga-batnan to profit. Batten, v. i.,
Better.]

Defn: Rich; fertile. [Obs.] "Batful valleys." Drayton.

BATH
Bath, n.; pl. Baths. Etym: [AS. bæ; akin to OS. & Icel. ba, Sw.,
Dan., D., & G. bad, and perh. to G. bähen to foment.]

1. The act of exposing the body, or part of the body, for purposes of
cleanliness, comfort, health, etc., to water, vapor, hot air, or the
like; as, a cold or a hot bath; a medicated bath; a steam bath; a hip
bath.

2. Water or other liquid for bathing.

3. A receptacle or place where persons may immerse or wash their
bodies in water.

4. A building containing an apartment or a series of apartments
arranged for bathing.
Among the ancients, the public baths were of amazing extent and
magnificence. Gwilt.

5. (Chem.)

Defn: A medium, as heated sand, ashes, steam, hot air, through which
heat is applied to a body.

6. (Photog.)

Defn: A solution in which plates or prints are immersed; also, the
receptacle holding the solution.

Note: Bath is used adjectively or in combination, in an obvious sense
of or for baths or bathing; as, bathroom, bath tub, bath keeper.
Douche bath. See Douche.
 -- Order of the Bath, a high order of British knighthood, composed
of three classes, viz., knights grand cross, knights commanders, and
knights companions, abbreviated thus: G. C. B., K. C. B., K. B.
 -- Russian bath, a kind of vapor bath which consists in a prolonged
exposure of the body to the influence of the steam of water, followed
by washings and shampooings.
 -- Turkish bath, a kind of bath in which a profuse perspiration is
produced by hot air, after which the body is washed and shampooed.
 -- Bath house, a house used for the purpose of bathing; -- also a
small house, near a bathing place, where a bather undresses and
dresses.

BATH
Bath, n. Etym: [Heb.]

Defn: A Hebrew measure containing the tenth of a homer, or five
gallons and three pints, as a measure for liquids; and two pecks and
five quarts, as a dry measure.

BATH
Bath, n.

Defn: A city in the west of England, resorted to for its hot springs,
which has given its name to various objects. Bath brick, a
preparation of calcareous earth, in the form of a brick, used for
cleaning knives, polished metal, etc.
 -- Bath chair, a kind of chair on wheels, as used by invalids at
Bath. "People walked out, or drove out, or were pushed out in their
Bath chairs." Dickens.
 -- Bath metal, an alloy consisting of four and a half ounces of zinc
and one pound of copper.
 -- Bath note, a folded writing paper, 8 1/2 by 14 inches.
 -- Bath stone, a species of limestone (oölite) found near Bath, used
for building.

BATHE
Bathe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bathed (p. pr. & vb. n. Bathing.] Etym:
[OE. ba, AS. ba, fr. bæ bath. See 1st Bath, and cf. Bay to bathe.]

1. To wash by immersion, as in a bath; to subject to a bath.
Chancing to bathe himself in the River Cydnus. South.

2. To lave; to wet. "The lake which bathed the foot of the Alban
mountain." T. Arnold.

3. To moisten or suffuse with a liquid.
And let us bathe our hands in Cæsar's blood. Shak.

4. To apply water or some liquid medicament to; as, to bathe the eye
with warm water or with sea water; to bathe one's forehead with
camphor.

5. To surround, or envelop, as water surrounds a person immersed.
"The rosy shadows bathe me. " Tennyson. "The bright sunshine bathing
all the world." Longfellow.

BATHE
Bathe, v. i.

1. To bathe one's self; to take a bath or baths. "They bathe in
summer." Waller.

2. To immerse or cover one's self, as in a bath. "To bathe in fiery
floods." Shak. "Bathe in the dimples of her cheek." Lloyd.

3. To bask in the sun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BATHE
Bathe, n.

Defn: The immersion of the body in water; as to take one's usual
bathe. Edin. Rev.

BATHER
Bath"er, n.

Defn: One who bathes.

BATHETIC
Ba*thet"ic, a.

Defn: Having the character of bathos. [R.]

BATHING
Bath"ing, n.

Defn: Act of taking a bath or baths. Bathing machine, a small room on
wheels, to be driven into the water, for the convenience of bathers,
who undress and dress therein.

BATHMISM
Bath"mism, n.

Defn: See Vital force.

BATHOMETER
Ba*thom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. depth + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring depths, esp. one for taking
soundings without a sounding line.

BATHORSE
Bat"horse`, n. Etym: [F. b packsaddle (cheval de b packhorse) + E.
horse. See Bastard.]

Defn: A horse which carries an officer's baggage during a campaign.

BATHOS
Ba"thos, n. Etym: [Gr. depth, fr. deep.] (Rhet.)

Defn: A ludicrous descent from the elevated to the low, in writing or
speech; anticlimax.

BATHYBIUS
Ba*thyb"i*us, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. deep + life] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name given by Prof. Huxley to a gelatinous substance found in
mud dredged from the Atlantic and preserved in alcohol. He supposed
that it was free living protoplasm, covering a large part of the
ocean bed. It is now known that the substance is of chemical, not of
organic, origin.

BATHYGRAPHIC
Bath`y*graph"ic, a. [Gr.  deep + graphic.]

Defn: Descriptive of the ocean depth; as, a bathygraphic chart.

BATHYMETRIC; BATHYMETRICAL
Bath`y*met"ric, Bath`y*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to bathymetry; relating to the measurement of
depths, especially of depths in the sea.

BATHYMETRY
Ba*thym"e*try, n. Etym: [Gr. depth + -metry.]

Defn: The art or science of sounding, or measuring depths in the sea.

BATING
Bat"ing, prep. Etym: [Strictly p. pr. of Bat to abate.]

Defn: With the exception of; excepting.
We have little reason to think that they bring many ideas with them,
bating some faint ideas of hunger and thirst. Locke.

BATISTE
Ba*tiste", n. Etym: [F. batiste, from the name of the alleged first
maker, Baptiste of Cambrai. Littré.]

Defn: Originally, cambric or lawn of fine linen; now applied also to
cloth of similar texture made of cotton.

BATLET
Bat"let, n. Etym: [Bat stick + -let.]

Defn: A short bat for beating clothes in washing them; -- called also
batler, batling staff, batting staff. Shak.

BATMAN
Bat"man, n. Etym: [Turk. batman.]

Defn: A weight used in the East, varying according to the locality;
in Turkey, the greater batman is about 157 pounds, the lesser only a
fourth of this; at Aleppo and Smyrna, the batman is 17 pounds.
Simmonds.

BATMAN
Bat"man, n.; pl. Batmen. Etym: [F. b packsaddle + E. man. Cf.
Bathorse.]

Defn: A man who has charge of a bathorse and his load. Macaulay.

BATOIDEI
Ba*toi"de*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. a kind of ray + -oid.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of fishes which includes the rays and skates.

BATON
Bat"on, n. Etym: [F. b. See Baston.]

1. A staff or truncheon, used for various purposes; as, the baton of
a field marshal; the baton of a conductor in musical performances.
He held the baton of command. Prescott.

2. (Her.)

Defn: An ordinary with its ends cut off, borne sinister as a mark of
bastardy, and containing one fourth in breadth of the bend sinister;
-- called also bastard bar. See Bend sinister.

BATOON
Ba*toon", n.

Defn: See Baton, and Baston.

BAT PRINTING
Bat" print`ing. (Ceramics)

Defn: A mode of printing on glazed ware.

BATRACHIA
Ba*tra"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. belonging to a frog, fr.
frog.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The order of amphibians which includes the frogs and toads; the
Anura. Sometimes the word is used in a wider sense as equivalent to
Amphibia.

BATRACHIAN
Ba*tra"chi*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Batrachia.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Batrachia.

BATRACHOID
Bat"ra*choid, a. Etym: [Batrachia + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Froglike. Specifically: Of or pertaining to the Batrachidæ, a
family of marine fishes, including the toadfish. Some have poisonous
dorsal spines.

BATRACHOMYOMACHY
Bat`ra*cho*my*om"a*chy, n. Etym: [Gr. ; frog + mouse + battle.]

Defn: The battle between the frogs and mice; -- a Greek parody on the
Iliad, of uncertain authorship.

BATRACHOPHAGOUS
Bat`ra*choph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. frog + to eat.]

Defn: Feeding on frogs. Quart. Rev.

BATSMAN
Bats"man, n.; pl. Batsmen (.

Defn: The one who wields the bat in cricket, baseball, etc.

BAT'S-WING; BATWING
Bat's"-wing" or Bat"wing, a.

Defn: Shaped like a bat's wing; as, a bat's-wing burner.

BATTA
Bat"ta, n. Etym: [Prob. through Pg. for Canarese bhatta rice in the
husk.]

Defn: Extra pay; esp. an extra allowance to an English officer
serving in India. Whitworth.

BATTA
Bat"ta, n. Etym: [Hind. ba.]

Defn: Rate of exchange; also, the discount on uncurrent coins.
[India]

BATTABLE
Bat"ta*ble, a. Etym: [See Batful.]

Defn: Capable of culti [Obs.] Burton.

BATTAILANT
Bat"tail*ant, a. Etym: [F. bataillant, p. pr. See Battle, v. i. ]
[Obs.]

Defn: Prepared for battle; combatant; warlike. Spenser.
 -- n.

Defn: A combatant. Shelton.

BATTAILOUS
Bat"tail*ous, a. Etym: [OF. bataillos, fr. bataille. See Battle, n.]

Defn: Arrayed for battle; fit or eager for battle; warlike. [Obs.]
"In battailous aspect." Milton.

BATTALIA
Bat*tal"ia, n. Etym: [LL. battalia battle, a body of troops. See
Battle, n.]

1. Order of battle; disposition or arrangement of troops (brigades,
regiments, battalions, etc.), or of a naval force, for action.
A drawing up the armies in battalia. Jer. Taylor.

2. An army in battle array; also, the main battalia or body. [Obs.]
Shak.

BATTALION
Bat*tal"ion, n. Etym: [F. bataillon, fr. It. battaglione. See
Battalia.]

1. A body of troops; esp. a body of troops or an army in battle
array. "The whole battalion views." Milton.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A regiment, or two or more companies of a regiment, esp. when
assembled for drill or battle.

BATTALION
Bat*tal"ion, v. t.

Defn: To form into battalions. [R.]

BATTEL
Bat"tel, n. Etym: [Obs. form. of Battle.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: A single combat; as, trial by battel. See Wager of battel,
under Wager.

BATTEL
Bat"tel, n. Etym: [Of uncertain etymology.]

Defn: Provisions ordered from the buttery; also, the charges for
them; -- only in the pl., except when used adjectively. [Univ. of
Oxford, Eng.]

BATTEL
Bat"tel, v. i.

Defn: To be supplied with provisions from the buttery. [Univ. of
Oxford, Eng.]

BATTEL
Bat"tel, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Batful, Batten, v. i.]

Defn: To make fertile. [Obs.] "To battel barren land." Ray.

BATTEL
Bat"tel, a.

Defn: Fertile; fruitful; productive. [Obs.]
A battel soil for grain, for pasture good. Fairfax.

BATTELER; BATTLER
Bat"tel*er, Bat"tler, n. Etym: [See 2d Battel, n.]

Defn: A student at Oxford who is supplied with provisions from the
buttery; formerly, one who paid for nothing but what he called for,
answering nearly to a sizar at Cambridge. Wright.

BATTEN
Bat"ten, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Battened (p. pr. & vb. n. Battening.]
Etym: [See Batful.]

1. To make fat by plenteous feeding; to fatten. "Battening our
flocks." Milton.

2. To fertilize or enrich, as land.

BATTEN
Bat"ten, v. i.

Defn: To grow fat; to grow fat in ease and luxury; to glut one's
self. Dryden.
The pampered monarch lay battening in ease. Garth.
Skeptics, with a taste for carrion, who batten on the hideous facts
in history, -- persecutions, inquisitions. Emerson.

BATTEN
Bat"ten, n . Etym: [F. b stick, staff. See Baton.]

Defn: A strip of sawed stuff, or a scantling; as, (a) pl. (Com. &
Arch.) Sawed timbers about 7 by 2 1/2 inches and not less than 6 feet
long. Brande & C. (b) (Naut.) A strip of wood used in fastening the
edges of a tarpaulin to the deck, also around masts to prevent
chafing. (c) A long, thin strip used to strengthen a part, to cover a
crack, etc. Batten door (Arch.), a door made of boards of the whole
length of the door, secured by battens nailed crosswise.

BATTEN
Bat"ten, v. t.

Defn: To furnish or fasten with battens. To batten down, to fasten
down with battens, as the tarpaulin over the hatches of a ship during
a storm.

BATTEN
Bat"ten, n. Etym: [F. battant. See Batter, v. t.]

Defn: The movable bar of a loom, which strikes home or closes the
threads of a woof.

BATTENING
Bat"ten*ing, n. (Arch.)

Defn: Furring done with small pieces nailed directly upon the wall.

BATTER
Bat"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Battered (; p. pr. & vb. n. Battering.]
Etym: [OE. bateren, OF. batre, F. battre, fr. LL. battere, for L.
batuere to strike, beat; of unknown origin. Cf. Abate, Bate to
abate.]

1. To beat with successive blows; to beat repeatedly and with
violence, so as to bruise, shatter, or demolish; as, to batter a wall
or rampart.

2. To wear or impair as if by beating or by hard usage. "Each
battered jade." Pope.

3. (Metallurgy)

Defn: To flatten (metal) by hammering, so as to compress it inwardly
and spread it outwardly.

BATTER
Bat"ter, n. Etym: [OE. batere, batire; cf. OF. bateure, bature, a
beating. See Batter, v. t.]

1. A semi-liquid mixture of several ingredients, as, flour, eggs,
milk, etc. , beaten together and used in cookery. King.

2. Paste of clay or loam. Holland.

3. (Printing)

Defn: A bruise on the face of a plate or of type in the form.

BATTER
Bat"ter, n.

Defn: A backward slope in the face of a wall or of a bank; receding
slope. Batter rule, an instrument consisting of a rule or frame, and
a plumb line, by which the batter or slope of a wall is regulated in
building.

BATTER
Bat"ter, v. i. (Arch.)

Defn: To slope gently backward.

BATTER
Bat"ter, n.

Defn: One who wields a bat; a batsman.

BATTERER
Bat"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, batters.

BATTERING-RAM
Bat"ter*ing-ram`, n.

Defn: 1. (Mil.) An engine used in ancient times to beat down the
walls of besieged places.

Note: It was a large beam, with a head of iron, which was sometimes
made to resemble the head of a ram. It was suspended by ropes t a
beam supported by posts, and so balanced as to swing backward and
forward, and was impelled by men against the wall. Grose.

2. A blacksmith's hammer, suspended, and worked horizontally.

BATTERING TRAIN
Bat"ter*ing train`. (Mil.)

Defn: A train of artillery for siege operations.

BATTERY
Bat"ter*y, n.; pl. Batteries. Etym: [F. batterie, fr. battre. See
Batter, v. t.]

1. The act of battering or beating.

2. (Law)

Defn: The unlawful beating of another. It includes every willful,
angry and violent, or negligent touching of another's person or
clothes, or anything attached to his person or held by him.

3. (Mil.)
(a) Any place where cannon or mortars are mounted, for attack or
defense.
(b) Two or more pieces of artillery in the field.
(c) A company or division of artillery, including the gunners, guns,
horses, and all equipments. In the United States, a battery of flying
artillery consists usually of six guns. Barbette battery. See
Barbette.
 -- Battery d'enfilade, or Enfilading battery, one that sweeps the
whole length of a line of troops or part of a work.
 -- Battery en écharpe, one that plays obliquely.
 -- Battery gun, a gun capable of firing a number, of shots
simultaneously or successively without stopping to load.
 -- Battery wagon, a wagon employed to transport the tools and
materials for repair of the carriages, etc., of the battery.
 -- In battery, projecting, as a gun, into an embrasure or over a
parapet in readiness for firing.
 -- Masked battery, a battery artificially concealed until required
to open upon the enemy.
 -- Out of battery, or From battery, withdrawn, as a gun, to a
position for loading.

4. (Elec.)
(a) A number of coated jars (Leyden jars) so connected that they may
be charged and discharged simultaneously.
(b) An apparatus for generating voltaic electricity.

Note: In the trough battery, copper and zinc plates, connected in
pairs, divide the trough into cells, which are filled with an acid or
oxidizing liquid; the effect is exhibited when wires connected with
the two end-plates are brought together. In Daniell's battery, the
metals are zinc and copper, the former in dilute sulphuric acid, or a
solution of sulphate of zinc, the latter in a saturated solution of
sulphate of copper. A modification of this is the common gravity
battery, so called from the automatic action of the two fluids, which
are separated by their specific gravities. In Grove's battery,
platinum is the metal used with zinc; two fluids are used, one of
them in a porous cell surrounded by the other. In Bunsen's or the
carbon battery, the carbon of gas coke is substituted for the
platinum of Grove's. In Leclanché's battery, the elements are zinc in
a solution of ammonium chloride, and gas carbon surrounded with
manganese dioxide in a porous cell. A secondary battery is a battery
which usually has the two plates of the same kind, generally of lead,
in dilute sulphuric acid, and which, when traversed by an electric
current, becomes charged, and is then capable of giving a current of
itself for a time, owing to chemical changes produced by the charging
current. A storage battery is a kind of secondary battery used for
accumulating and storing the energy of electrical charges or
currents, usually by means of chemical work done by them; an
accumulator.

5. A number of similar machines or devices in position; an apparatus
consisting of a set of similar parts; as, a battery of boilers, of
retorts, condensers, etc.

6. (Metallurgy)

Defn: A series of stamps operated by one motive power, for crushing
ores containing the precious metals. Knight.

7. The box in which the stamps for crushing ore play up and down.

8. (Baseball)

Defn: The pitcher and catcher together.

BATTING
Bat"ting, n.

1. The act of one who bats; the management of a bat in playing games
of ball. Mason.

2. Cotton in sheets, prepared for use in making quilts, etc.; as,
cotton batting.

BATTLE
Bat"tle, a.

Defn: Fertile. See Battel, a. [Obs.]

BATTLE
Bat"tle, n. Etym: [OE. bataille, bataile, F. bataille battle, OF.,
battle, battalion, fr. L. battalia, battualia, the fighting and
fencing exercises of soldiers and gladiators, fr. batuere to strike,
beat. Cf. Battalia, 1st Battel, and see Batter, v. t. ]

1. A general action, fight, or encounter, in which all the divisions
of an army are or may be engaged; an engagement; a combat.

2. A struggle; a contest; as, the battle of life.
The whole intellectual battle that had at its center the best poem of
the best poet of that day. H. Morley.

3. A division of an army; a battalion. [Obs.]
The king divided his army into three battles. Bacon.
The cavalry, by way of distinction, was called the battle, and on it
alone depended the fate of every action. Robertson.

4. The main body, as distinct from the van and rear; battalia. [Obs.]
Hayward.

Note: Battle is used adjectively or as the first part of a self-
explaining compound; as, battle brand, a "brand" or sword used in
battle; battle cry; battlefield; battle ground; battlearray; battle
song. Battle piece, a painting, or a musical composition,
representing a battle.
 -- Battle royal. (a) A fight between several gamecocks, where the
one that stands longest is the victor. Grose. (b) A contest with
fists or cudgels in which more than two are engaged; a mêlée.
Thackeray.
 -- Drawn battle, one in which neither party gains the victory.
 -- To give battle, to attack an enemy.
 -- To join battle, to meet the attack; to engage in battle.
 -- Pitched battle, one in which the armies are previously drawn up
in form, with a regular disposition of the forces.
 -- Wager of battle. See under Wager, n.

Syn.
 -- Conflict; encounter; contest; action. Battle, Combat, Fight,
Engagement. These words agree in denoting a close encounter between
contending parties. Fight is a word of less dignity than the others.
Except in poetry, it is more naturally applied to the encounter of a
few individuals, and more commonly an accidental one; as, a street
fight. A combat is a close encounter, whether between few or many,
and is usually premeditated. A battle is commonly more general and
prolonged. An engagement supposes large numbers on each side, engaged
or intermingled in the conflict.

BATTLE
Bat"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Battled (p. pr. & vb. n. Battling.]
Etym: [F. batailler, fr. bataille. See Battle, n.]

Defn: To join in battle; to contend in fight; as, to battle over
theories.
To meet in arms, and battle in the plain. Prior.

BATTLE
Bat"tle, v. t.

Defn: To assail in battle; to fight.

BATTLE-AX; BATTLE-AXE
Bat"tle-ax` Bat"tle-axe`, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A kind of broadax formerly used as an offensive weapon.

BATTLED
Bat"tled, p. p.

Defn: Embattled. [Poetic] Tennyson.

BATTLEDOOR
Bat"tle*door`, n. Etym: [OE. batyldour. A corrupted form of uncertain
origin; cf. Sp. batallador a great combatant, he who has fought many
battles, Pg. batalhador, Pr. batalhador, warrior, soldier, fr. L.
battalia; or cf. Pr. batedor batlet, fr. batre to beat, fr. L.
batuere. See Battle, n.]

1. An instrument, with a handle and a flat part covered with
parchment or crossed with catgut, used to strike a shuttlecock in
play; also, the play of battledoor and shuttlecock.

2. Etym: [OE. battleder.]

Defn: A child's hornbook. [Obs.] Halliwell.

BATTLEMENT
Bat"tle*ment, n. Etym: [OE. batelment; cf. OF. bataillement combat,
fr. batailler, also OF. bastillier, bateillier, to fortify. Cf.
Battle, n., Bastile, Bastion.] (Arch.)
(a) One of the solid upright parts of a parapet in ancient
fortifications.
(b) pl. The whole parapet, consisting of alternate solids and open
spaces. At first purely a military feature, afterwards copied on a
smaller scale with decorative features, as for churches.

BATTLEMENTED
Bat"tle*ment*ed, a.

Defn: Having battlements.
A battlemented portal. Sir W. Scott.

BATTLE RANGE
Bat"tle range`. (Mil.)

Defn: The range within which the fire of small arms is very
destructive. With the magazine rifle, this is six hundred yards.

BATTLE SHIP
Battle ship. (Nav.)

Defn: An armor-plated man-of-war built of steel and heavily armed,
generally having from ten thousand to fifteen thousand tons
displacement, and intended to be fit to meet the heaviest ships in
line of battle.

BATTOLOGIST
Bat*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who battologizes.

BATTOLOGIZE
Bat*tol"o*gize, v. t.

Defn: To keep repeating needlessly; to iterate. Sir T. Herbert.

BATTOLOGY
Bat*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [F. battologie, fr. Gr. ; a stammerer +
speech.]

Defn: A needless repetition of words in speaking or writing. Milton.

BATTON
Bat"ton, n.

Defn: See Batten, and Baton.

BATTUE
Bat"tue`, n. Etym: [F. battue, fr. battre to beat. See Batter, v. t.,
and cf. Battuta.] (Hunting)
(a) The act of beating the woods, bushes, etc., for game.
(b) The game itself.
(c) The wanton slaughter of game. Howitt.

BATTURE
Bat`ture", n. Etym: [F., fr. battre to beat. ]

Defn: An elevated river bed or sea bed.

BATTUTA
Bat*tu"ta, n. Etym: [It. battuta, fr. battere to beat.] (Mus.)

Defn: The measuring of time by beating.

BATTY
Bat"ty, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, a bat. "Batty wings." Shak.

BATULE
Bat"ule, n.

Defn: A springboard in a circus or gymnasium; -- called also batule
board.

BATZ
Batz, n.; pl. Batzen. Etym: [Ger. batz, batze, batzen, a coin bearing
the image of a bear, Ger. bätz, betz, bear.]

Defn: A small copper coin, with a mixture of silver, formerly current
in some parts of Germany and Switzerland. It was worth about four
cents.

BAUBEE
Bau*bee", n.

Defn: Same as Bawbee.

BAUBLE
Bau"ble, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. baubel a child's plaything, F. babiole,
It. babbola, LL. baubellum gem, jewel, L. babulus,a baburrus,
foolish.]

1. A trifling piece of finery; a gewgaw; that which is gay and showy
without real value; a cheap, showy plaything.
The ineffective bauble of an Indian pagod. Sheridan.

2. The fool's club. [Obs.] "A fool's bauble was a short stick with a
head ornamented with an ass's ears fantastically carved upon it."
Nares.

BAUBLING
Bau"bling

Defn: , a. See Bawbling. [Obs.]

BAUDEKIN
Bau"de*kin, n. Etym: [OE. bawdekin rich silk stuff, OF. baudequin.
See Baldachin.]

Defn: The richest kind of stuff used in garments in the Middle Ages,
the web being gold, and the woof silk, with embroidery : -- made
originally at Bagdad. [Spelt also baudkin, baudkyn, bawdekin, and
baldakin.] Nares.

BAUDRICK
Bau"drick, n.

Defn: A belt. See Baldric.

BAUK; BAULK
Bauk, Baulk, n. & v.

Defn: See Balk.

BAUME
Bau`mé", a.

Defn: Designating or conforming to either of the scales used by the
French chemist Antoine Baumé in the graduation of his hydrometers; of
or relating to Baumé's scales or hydrometers. There are two Baumé
hydrometers. One, which is used with liquids heavier than water,
sinks to 0º in pure water, and to 15º in a 15 per cent salt solution;
the other, for liquids lighter than water, sinks to 0º in a 10 per
cent salt solution and to 10º in pure water. In both cases the
graduation, based on the distance between these fundamental points,
is continued along the stem as far as desired. Since all the degrees
on a Baumé scale are thus equal in length, while those on a specific-
gravity scale grow smaller as the density increases, there is no
simple relation between degrees Bé. and Sp. gr. However, readings on
Baumés scale may be approximately reduced to specific gravities by
the following formulæ (x in each case being the reading on Baumé's
scale) : (a) for liquids heavier than water, sp. gr. = 144 ÷ (144 -
x);
 (b) for liquids lighter than water, sp. gr. = 144 ÷ (134 + x).

BAUNSCHEIDTISM
Baun"scheidt*ism, n. Etym: [From the introducer, a German named
Baunscheidt.] (Med.)

Defn: A form of acupuncture, followed by the rubbing of the part with
a stimulating fluid.

BAUXITE; BEAUXITE
Baux"ite, Beaux"ite,n. Etym: [F., fr. Baux or Beaux, near Arles.]
(Min.)

Defn: A ferruginous hydrate of alumina. It is largely used in the
preparation of aluminium and alumina, and for the lining of furnaces
which are exposed to intense heat.

BAVARDAGE
Ba`var`dage", n. [F.]

Defn: Much talking; prattle; chatter.  Byron.

BAVARIAN
Ba*va"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Bavaria.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Bavaria. Bavarian cream. See under
Cream.

BAVAROY
Bav"a*roy, n. Etym: [F. Bavarois Bavarian.]

Defn: A kind of cloak or surtout. [Obs.] Johnson.
Let the looped bavaroy the fop embrace. Gay.

BAVIAN
Ba"vi*an, n. Etym: [See Baboon.]

Defn: A baboon.

BAVIN
Bav"in, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. & Ir. baban tuft, tassel.]

1. A fagot of brushwood, or other light combustible matter, for
kindling fires; refuse of brushwood. [Obs. or Dial. Eng.]

2. Impure limestone. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

BAWBEE
Baw*bee", n. Etym: [Perh. corrupt. fr. halfpenny.]

Defn: A halfpenny. [Spelt also baubee.] [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

BAWBLE
Baw"ble, n.

Defn: A trinket. See Bauble.

BAWBLING
Baw"bling, a.

Defn: Insignificant; contemptible. [Obs.]

BAWCOCK
Baw"cock, n. Etym: [From F. beau fine + E. cock (the bird); or more
prob. fr. OF. baud bold, gay + E. cock. Cf. Bawd.]

Defn: A fine fellow; -- a term of endearment. [Obs.] "How now, my
bawcock " Shak.

BAWD
Bawd, n. Etym: [OE. baude, OF. balt, baut, baude, bold, merry, perh.
fr. OHG. bald bold; or fr. Celtic, cf. W. baw dirt. Cf. Bold,
Bawdry.]

Defn: A person who keeps a house of prostitution, or procures women
for a lewd purpose; a procurer or procuress; a lewd person; --
usually applied to a woman.

BAWD
Bawd, v. i.

Defn: To procure women for lewd purposes.

BAWDILY
Bawd"i*ly, adv.

Defn: Obscenely; lewdly.

BAWDINESS
Bawd"i*ness, n.

Defn: Obscenity; lewdness.

BAWDRICK
Bawd"rick, n.

Defn: A belt. See Baldric.

BAWDRY
Bawd"ry, n. Etym: [OE. baudery, OF. bauderie, balderie, boldness,
joy. See Bawd.]

1. The practice of procuring women for the gratification of lust.

2. Illicit intercourse; fornication. Shak.

3. Obscenity; filthy, unchaste language. "The pert style of the pit
bawdry." Steele.

BAWDY
Bawd"y, a.

1. Dirty; foul; -- said of clothes. [Obs.]
It [a garment] is al bawdy and to-tore also. Chaucer.

2. Obscene; filthy; unchaste. "A bawdy story." Burke.

BAWDYHOUSE
Baw"dy*house`, n.

Defn: A house of prostitution; a house of ill fame; a brothel.

BAWHORSE
Baw"horse`, n.

Defn: Same as Bathorse.

BAWL
Bawl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bawled (p. pr. & vb. n. Bawling.] Etym:
[Icel. baula to low, bellow, as a cow; akin to Sw. böla; cf. AS
bellan, G. bellen to bark, E. bellow, bull.]

1. To cry out with a loud, full sound; to cry with vehemence, as in
calling or exultation; to shout; to vociferate.

2. To cry loudly, as a child from pain or vexation.

BAWL
Bawl, v. t.

Defn: To proclaim with a loud voice, or by outcry, as a hawker or
town-crier does. Swift.

BAWL
Bawl, n.

Defn: A loud, prolonged cry; an outcry.

BAWLER
Bawl"er, n.

Defn: One who bawls.

BAWN
Bawn, n. Etym: [Ir. & Gael. babhun inclosure, bulwark.]

1. An inclosure with mud or stone walls, for keeping cattle; a
fortified inclosure. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. A large house. [Obs.] Swift.

BAWREL
Baw"rel, n. Etym: [Cf. It. barletta a tree falcon, or hobby.]

Defn: A kind of hawk. [Obs.] Halliwell.

BAWSIN; BAWSON
Baw"sin, Baw"son, n. Etym: [OE. bawson, baucyne, badger (named from
its color), OF. bauzan, baucant, bauchant, spotted with white, pied;
cf. It. balzano, F. balzan, a white-footed horse, It. balza border,
trimming, fr. L. balteus belt, border, edge. Cf. Belt.]

1. A badger. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. A large, unwieldy person. [Obs.] Nares.

BAXTER
Bax"ter, n. Etym: [OE. bakestre, bakistre, AS. bæcestre, prop. fem.
of bæcere baker. See Baker.]

Defn: A baker; originally, a female baker. [Old Eng. & Scotch]

BAY
Bay, a. Etym: [F. bai, fr. L. badius brown, chestnutcolored; -- used
only of horses.]

Defn: Reddish brown; of the color of a chestnut; -- applied to the
color of horses. Bay cat (Zoöl.), a wild cat of Africa and the East
Indies (Felis aurata).
 -- Bay lynx (Zoöl.), the common American lynx (Felis, or Lynx,
rufa).

BAY
Bay, n. Etym: [F. baie, fr. LL. baia. Of uncertain origin: cf. Ir. &
Gael. badh or bagh bay harbor, creek; Bisc. baia, baiya, harbor, and
F. bayer to gape, open the mouth.]

1. (Geol.)

Defn: An inlet of the sea, usually smaller than a gulf, but of the
same general character.

Note: The name is not used with much precision, and is often applied
to large tracts of water, around which the land forms a curve; as,
Hudson's Bay. The name is not restricted to tracts of water with a
narrow entrance, but is used foe any recess or inlet between capes or
headlands; as, the Bay of Biscay.

2. A small body of water set off from the main body; as a compartment
containing water for a wheel; the portion of a canal just outside of
the gates of a lock, etc.

3. A recess or indentation shaped like a bay.

4. A principal compartment of the walls, roof, or other part of a
building, or of the whole building, as marked off by the buttresses,
vaulting, mullions of a window, etc.; one of the main divisions of
any structure, as the part of a bridge between two piers.

5. A compartment in a barn, for depositing hay, or grain in the
stalks.

6. A kind of mahogany obtained from Campeachy Bay. Sick bay, in
vessels of war, that part of a deck appropriated to the use of the
sick. Totten.

BAY
Bay, n. Etym: [F. baie a berry, the fruit of the laurel and other
trees, fr. L. baca, bacca, a small round fruit, a berry, akin to
Lith. bapka laurel berry.]

1. A berry, particularly of the laurel. [Obs.]

2. The laurel tree (Laurus nobilis). Hence, in the plural, an
honorary garland or crown bestowed as a prize for victory or
excellence, anciently made or consisting of branches of the laurel.
The patriot's honors and the poet's bays. Trumbull.

3. A tract covered with bay trees. [Local, U. S.] Bay leaf, the leaf
of the bay tree (Laurus nobilis). It has a fragrant odor and an
aromatic taste.

BAY
Bay, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bayed (p. pr. & vb. n. Baying.] Etym: [ OE.
bayen, abayen, OF. abaier, F. aboyer, to bark; of uncertain origin.]

Defn: To bark, as a dog with a deep voice does, at his game.
The hounds at nearer distance hoarsely bayed. Dryden.

BAY
Bay, v. t.

Defn: To bark at; hence, to follow with barking; to bring or drive to
bay; as, to bay the bear. Shak.

BAY
Bay, n. Etym: [See Bay, v. i.]

1. Deep-toned, prolonged barking. "The bay of curs." Cowper.

2. Etym: [OE. bay, abay, OF. abai, F. aboi barking, pl. abois, prop.
the extremity to which the stag is reduced when surrounded by the
dogs, barking (aboyant); aux abois at bay.]

Defn: A state of being obliged to face an antagonist or a difficulty,
when escape has become impossible.
Embolden'd by despair, he stood at bay. Dryden.
The most terrible evils are just kept at bay by incessant efforts. I.
Taylor

BAY
Bay, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OE. bæwen to bathe, and G. bähen to foment.]

Defn: To bathe. [Obs.] Spenser.

BAY
Bay, n.

Defn: A bank or dam to keep back water.

BAY
Bay, v. t.

Defn: To dam, as water; -- with up or back.

BAYA
Ba"ya, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The East Indian weaver bird (Ploceus Philippinus).

BAYAD; BAYATTE
Ba*yad", Ba*yatte", n. Etym: [Ar. bayad.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, edible, siluroid fish of the Nile, of two species
(Bagrina bayad and B. docmac).

BAYADERE
Ba`ya*dere", n. Etym: [F., from Pg. bailadeira a female dancer,
bailar to dance.]

Defn: A female dancer in the East Indies. [Written also bajadere.]

BAYAMO
Ba*ya"mo, n. (Meteor.)

Defn: A violent thunder squall occurring on the south coast of Cuba,
esp. near Bayamo. The gusts, called bayamo winds, are modified foehn
winds.

BAY-ANTLER
Bay"-ant`ler, n. Etym: [See Bez-Antler.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The second tine of a stag's horn. See under Antler.

BAYARD
Bay"ard, n.

1. Etym: [OF. bayard, baiart, bay horse; bai bay + -ard. See Bay, a.,
and -ard.]

Defn: Properly, a bay horse, but often any horse. Commonly in the
phrase blind bayard, an old blind horse.
Blind bayard moves the mill. Philips.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. bayeur, fr. bayer to gape.]

Defn: A stupid, clownish fellow. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

BAYARDLY
Bay"ard*ly, a.

Defn: Blind; stupid. [Obs.] "A formal and bayardly round of duties."
Goodman.

BAYBERRY
Bay"ber*ry, n. (Bot.)
(a) The fruit of the bay tree or Laurus nobilis.
(b) A tree of the West Indies related to the myrtle (Pimenta acris).
(c) The fruit of Myrica cerifera (wax myrtle); the shrub itself; --
called also candleberry tree. Bayberry tallow, a fragrant green wax
obtained from the bayberry or wax myrtle; -- called also myrtle wax.

BAYBOLT
Bay"bolt`, n.

Defn: A bolt with a barbed shank.

BAYED
Bayed, a.

Defn: Having a bay or bays. "The large bayed barn." Drayton.

BAYEUX TAPESTRY
Ba`yeux" tap"es*try.

Defn: A piece of linen about 1 ft. 8 in. wide by 213 ft. long,
covered with embroidery representing the incidents of William the
Conqueror's expedition to England, preserved in the town museum of
Bayeux in Normandy. It is probably of the 11th century, and is
attributed by tradition to Matilda, the Conqueror's wife.

BAY ICE
Bay" ice`.

Defn: See under Ice.

BAY LEAF
Bay" leaf`.

Defn: See under 3d Bay.

BAYMAN
Bay"man, n. (Nav.)

Defn: In the United States navy, a sick-bay nurse; -- now officially
designated as hospital apprentice.

BAYONET
Bay"o*net, n. Etym: [F. bayonnette, baïonnette; -- so called, it is
said, because the first bayonets were made at Bayonne.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A pointed instrument of the dagger kind fitted on the muzzle of
a musket or rifle, so as to give the soldier increased means of
offense and defense.

Note: Originally, the bayonet was made with a handle, which required
to be fitted into the bore of the musket after the soldier had fired.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A pin which plays in and out of holes made to receive it, and
which thus serves to engage or disengage parts of the machinery.
Bayonet clutch. See Clutch.
 -- Bayonet joint, a form of coupling similar to that by which a
bayonet is fixed on the barrel of a musket. Knight.

BAYONET
Bay"o*net, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bayoneted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bayoneting.]

1. To stab with a bayonet.

2. To compel or drive by the bayonet.
To bayonet us into submission. Burke.

BAYOU
Bay"ou, n.; pl. Bayous (.Etym: [North Am. Indian bayuk, in F.
spelling bayouc, bayouque.]

Defn: An inlet from the Gulf of Mexico, from a lake, or from a large
river, sometimes sluggish, sometimes without perceptible movement
except from tide and wind. [Southern U. S.]
A dark slender thread of a bayou moves loiteringly northeastward into
a swamp of huge cypresses. G. W. Cable.

BAYOU STATE
Bay"ou State`.

Defn: Mississippi; -- a nickname, from its numerous bayous.

BAY RUM
Bay" rum".

Defn: A fragrant liquid, used for cosmetic and medicinal purposes.

Note: The original bay rum, from the West Indies, is prepared, it is
believed, by distillation from the leaves of the bayberry (Myrcia
acris). The bay rum of the Pharmacopoeia (spirit of myrcia) is
prepared from oil of myrcia (bayberry), oil of orange peel, oil of
pimento, alcohol, and water.

BAYS; BAYZE
Bays, Bayze, n.

Defn: See Baize. [Obs.]

BAY SALT
Bay" salt`.

Defn: Salt which has been obtained from sea water, by evaporation in
shallow pits or basins, by the heat of the sun; the large crystalline
salt of commerce. Bacon. Ure.

BAY STATE
Bay State.

Defn: Massachusetts, which had been called the Colony of
Massachusetts Bay; -- a nickname.

BAY TREE
Bay" tree`.

Defn: A species of laurel. (Laurus nobilis).

BAY WINDOW
Bay" win"dow. (Arch.)

Defn: A window forming a bay or recess in a room, and projecting
outward from the wall, either in a rectangular, polygonal, or
semicircular form; -- often corruptly called a bow window.

BAY YARN
Bay" yarn`.

Defn: Woolen yarn. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

BAZAAR; BAZAR
Ba*zaar" Ba*zar", n. Etym: [Per. bazar market.]

1. In the East, an exchange, marketplace, or assemblage of shops
where goods are exposed for sale.

2. A spacious hall or suite of rooms for the sale of goods, as at a
fair.

3. A fair for the sale of fancy wares, toys, etc., commonly for a
charitable objects. Macaulay.

BDELLIUM
Bdel"lium, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. ; cf. Heb. b'dolakh bdellium (in
sense 1).]

1. An unidentified substance mentioned in the Bible (Gen. ii. 12, and
Num. xi. 7), variously taken to be a gum, a precious stone, or
pearls, or perhaps a kind of amber found in Arabia.

2. A gum resin of reddish brown color, brought from India, Persia,
and Africa.

Note: Indian bdellium or false myrrh is an exudation from
Balsamodendron Roxb. Other kinds are known as African, Sicilian, etc.

BDELLOIDEA
Bdel*loi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. leech + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The order of Annulata which includes the leeches. See
Hirudinea.

BDELLOMETER
Bdel*lom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. leech + -meter.] (Med.)

Defn: A cupping glass to which are attached a scarificator and an
exhausting syringe. Dunglison.

BDELLOMORPHA
Bdel`lo*mor"pha,n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. leech + form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Nemertina, including the large leechlike worms
(Malacobdella) often parasitic in clams.

BE
Be, v. i. [imp. Was; p. p. Been; p. pr. & vb. n. Being.] Etym: [OE.
been, beon, AS. beón to be, beóm I am; akin to OHG. bim, pim, G. bin,
I am, Gael. & Ir. bu was, W. bod to be, Lith. bu-ti, O. Slav. by-ti,
to be, L. fu-i I have been, fu-turus about to be, fo-re to be about
to be, and perh to fieri to become, Gr. to be born, to be, Skr. bh to
be. This verb is defective, and the parts lacking are supplied by
verbs from other roots, is, was, which have no radical connection
with be. The various forms, am, are, is, was, were, etc., are
considered grammatically as parts of the verb "to be", which, with
its conjugational forms, is often called the substantive verb.
Future, Physic.]

1. To exist actually, or in the world of fact; to have ex
To be contents his natural desire. Pope.
To be, or not to be: that is the question. Shak.

2. To exist in a certain manner or relation, -- whether as a reality
or as a product of thought; to exist as the subject of a certain
predicate, that is, as having a certain attribute, or as belonging to
a certain sort, or as identical with what is specified, -- a word or
words for the predicate being annexed; as, to be happy; to be here;
to be large, or strong; to be an animal; to be a hero; to be a
nonentity; three and two are five; annihilation is the cessation of
existence; that is the man.

3. To take place; to happen; as, the meeting was on Thursday.

4. To signify; to represent or symbolize; to answer to.
The field is the world. Matt. xiii. 38.
The seven candlesticks which thou sawest are the seven churches. Rev.
i. 20.

Note: The verb to be (including the forms is, was, etc.) is used in
forming the passive voice of other verbs; as, John has been struck by
James. It is also used with the past participle of many intransitive
verbs to express a state of the subject. But have is now more
commonly used as the auxiliary, though expressing a different sense;
as, "Ye have come too late -- but ye are come. " "The minstrel boy to
the war is gone." The present and imperfect tenses form, with the
infinitive, a particular future tense, which expresses necessity,
duty, or purpose; as, government is to be supported; we are to pay
our just debts; the deed is to be signed to-morrow.

Note: Have or had been, followed by to, implies movement. "I have
been to Paris." Sydney Smith. "Have you been to Franchard " R. L.
Stevenson.

Note: Been, or ben, was anciently the plural of the indicative
present. "Ye ben light of the world." Wyclif, Matt. v. 14. Afterwards
be was used, as in our Bible: "They that be with us are more than
they that be with them." 2 Kings vi. 16. Ben was also the old
infinitive: "To ben of such power." R. of Gloucester. Be is used as a
form of the present subjunctive: "But if it be a question of words
and names." Acts xviii. 15. But the indicative forms, is and are,
with if, are more commonly used. Be it so, a phrase of supposition,
equivalent to suppose it to be so; or of permission, signifying let
it be so. Shak.
 -- If so be, in case.
 -- To be from, to have come from; as, from what place are you I am
from Chicago.
 -- To let be, to omit, or leave untouched; to let alone. "Let be,
therefore, my vengeance to dissuade." Spenser.

Syn.
 -- To be, Exist. The verb to be, except in a few rare case, like
that of Shakespeare's "To be, or not to be", is used simply as a
copula, to connect a subject with its predicate; as, man is mortal;
the soul is immortal. The verb to exist is never properly used as a
mere copula, but points to things that stand forth, or have a
substantive being; as, when the soul is freed from all corporeal
alliance, then it truly exists. It is not, therefore, properly
synonymous with to be when used as a copula, though occasionally made
so by some writers for the sake of variety; as in the phrase "there
exists [is] no reason for laying new taxes." We may, indeed, say, "a
friendship has long existed between them," instead of saying, "there
has long been a friendship between them;" but in this case, exist is
not a mere copula. It is used in its appropriate sense to mark the
friendship as having been long in existence.

BE
Be*. Etym: [AS. be, and in accented form bi, akin to OS. be and bi,
OHG. bi, pi, and pi, MHG. be and bi, G. be and bei, Goth. bi, and
perh. Gr. about (cf. AS. beseón to look about). By, Amb-.]

Defn: A prefix, originally the same word as by; joined with verbs, it
serves: (a) To intensify the meaning; as, bespatter, bestir. (b) To
render an intransitive verb transitive; as, befall (to fall upon);
bespeak (to speak for). (c) To make the action of a verb particular
or definite; as, beget (to get as offspring); beset (to set around).

Note: It is joined with certain substantives, and a few adjectives,
to form verbs; as, bedew, befriend, benight, besot; belate (to make
late); belittle (to make little). It also occurs in certain nouns,
adverbs, and prepositions, often with something of the force of the
preposition by, or about; as, belief (believe), behalf, bequest
(bequeath); because, before, beneath, beside, between. In some words
the original force of be is obscured or lost; as, in become, begin,
behave, behoove, belong.

BEACH
Beach, n.; pl. Beaches (. Etym: [Cf. Sw. backe hill, Dan. bakke,
Icel. bakki hill, bank. Cf. Bank.]

1. Pebbles, collectively; shingle.

2. The shore of the sea, or of a lake, which is washed by the waves;
especially, a sandy or pebbly shore; the strand. Beach flea (Zoöl.),
the common name of many species of amphipod Crustacea, of the family
Orchestidæ, living on the sea beaches, and leaping like fleas.
 -- Beach grass (Bot.), a coarse grass (Ammophila arundinacea),
growing on the sandy shores of lakes and seas, which, by its
interlaced running rootstocks, binds the sand together, and resists
the encroachment of the waves.
 -- Beach wagon, a light open wagon with two or more seats.
 -- Raised beach, an accumulation of water-worn stones, gravel, sand,
and other shore deposits, above the present level of wave action,
whether actually raised by elevation of the coast, as in Norway, or
left by the receding waters, as in many lake and river regions.

BEACH
Beach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beached (p. pr. & vb. n. Beaching.]

Defn: To run or drive (as a vessel or a boat) upon a beach; to
strand; as, to beach a ship.

BEACH COMBER
Beach" comb`er.

Defn: A long, curling wave rolling in from the ocean. See Comber.
[Amer.]

BEACHED
Beached, p. p. & a.

1. Bordered by a beach.
The beached verge of the salt flood. Shak.

2. Driven on a beach; stranded; drawn up on a beach; as, the ship is
beached.

BEACHY
Beach"y, a.

Defn: Having a beach or beaches; formed by a beach or beaches;
shingly.
The beachy girdle of the ocean. Shak.

BEACON
Bea"con, n. Etym: [OE. bekene, AS. beácen, b; akin to OS. b, Fries.
baken, beken, sign, signal, D. baak, OHG. bouhhan, G. bake; of
unknown origin. Cf. Beckon.]

1. A signal fire to notify of the approach of an enemy, or to give
any notice, commonly of warning.
No flaming beacons cast their blaze afar. Gay.

2. A signal or conspicuous mark erected on an eminence near the
shore, or moored in shoal water, as a guide to mariners.

3. A high hill near the shore. [Prov. Eng.]

4. That which gives notice of danger.
Modest doubt is called The beacon of the wise. Shak.
Beacon fire, a signal fire.

BEACON
Bea"con, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beaconed (p. pr. & vb. n. Beaconing.]

1. To give light to, as a beacon; to light up; to illumine.
That beacons the darkness of heaven. Campbell.

2. To furnish with a beacon or beacons.

BEACONAGE
Bea"con*age, n.

Defn: Money paid for the maintenance of a beacon; also, beacons,
collectively.

BEACONLESS
Bea"con*less, a.

Defn: Having no beacon.

BEAD
Bead, n. Etym: [OE. bede prayer, prayer bead, AS. bed, gebed, prayer;
akin to D. bede, G. bitte, AS. biddan, to ask, bid, G. bitten to ask,
and perh. to Gr. to persuade, L. fidere to trust. Beads are used by
the Roman Catholics to count their prayers, one bead being dropped
down a string every time a prayer is said. Cf. Sp. cuenta bead, fr.
contar to count. See Bid, in to bid beads, and Bide.]

1. A prayer. [Obs.]

2. A little perforated ball, to be strung on a thread, and worn for
ornament; or used in a rosary for counting prayers, as by Roman
Catholics and Mohammedans, whence the phrases to tell beads, to at
one's beads, to bid beads, etc., meaning, to be at prayer.

3. Any small globular body; as,
(a) A bubble in spirits.
(b) A drop of sweat or other liquid. "Cold beads of midnight dew."
Wordsworth.
(c) A small knob of metal on a firearm, used for taking aim (whence
the expression to draw a bead, for, to take aim).
(d) (Arch.) A small molding of rounded surface, the section being
usually an arc of a circle. It may be continuous, or broken into
short embossments.
(e) (Chem.) A glassy drop of molten flux, as borax or microcosmic
salt, used as a solvent and color test for several mineral earths and
oxides, as of iron, manganese, etc., before the blowpipe; as, the
borax bead; the iron bead, etc. Bead and butt (Carp.), framing in
which the panels are flush, having beads stuck or run upon the two
edges. Knight.
 -- Beat mold, a species of fungus or mold, the stems of which
consist of single cells loosely jointed together so as to resemble a
string of beads. [Written also bead mould.] -- Bead tool, a cutting
tool, having an edge curved so as to make beads or beading.
 -- Bead tree (Bot.), a tree of the genus Melia, the best known
species of which (M. azedarach), has blue flowers which are very
fragrant, and berries which are poisonous.

BEAD
Bead, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Beading.]

Defn: To ornament with beads or beading.

BEAD
Bead, v. i.

Defn: To form beadlike bubbles.

BEADHOUSE; BEDEHOUSE
Bead"house`, Bede"house`, n. Etym: [OE. bede prayer + E. house. See
Bead, n.]

Defn: An almshouse for poor people who pray daily for their
benefactors.

BEADING
Bead"ing, n.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: Molding in imitation of beads.

2. The beads or bead-forming quality of certain liquors; as, the
beading of a brand of whisky.

BEADLE
Bea"dle, n. Etym: [OE. bedel, bidel, budel, OF. bedel, F. bedeau, fr.
OHG. butil, putil, G. büttel, fr. OHG. biotan, G. bieten, to bid,
confused with AS. bydel, the same word as OHG. butil. See. Bid, v.]

1. A messenger or crier of a court; a servitor; one who cites or bids
persons to appear and answer; -- called also an apparitor or
summoner.

2. An officer in a university, who precedes public processions of
officers and students. [Eng.]

Note: In this sense the archaic spellings bedel (Oxford) and bedell
(Cambridge) are preserved.

3. An inferior parish officer in England having a variety of duties,
as the preservation of order in church service, the chastisement of
petty offenders, etc.

BEADLERY
Bea"dle*ry, n.

Defn: Office or jurisdiction of a beadle.

BEADLESHIP
Bea"dle*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being, or the personality of, a beadle. A. Wood.

BEAD PROOF
Bead" proof`.

1. Among distillers, a certain degree of strength in alcoholic
liquor, as formerly ascertained by the floating or sinking of glass
globules of different specific gravities thrown into it; now
ascertained by more accurate meters.

2. A degree of strength in alcoholic liquor as shown by beads or
small bubbles remaining on its surface, or at the side of the glass,
when shaken.

BEADROLL
Bead"roll`, n. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A catalogue of persons, for the rest of whose souls a certain
number of prayers are to be said or counted off on the beads of a
chaplet; hence, a catalogue in general.
On Fame's eternal beadroll worthy to be field. Spenser.
It is quite startling, on going over the beadroll of English
worthies, to find how few are directly represented in the male line.
Quart. Rev.

BEADSMAN; BEDESMAN
Beads"man, Bedes"man, n.; pl. -men (.

Defn: A poor man, supported in a beadhouse, and required to pray for
the soul of its founder; an almsman.
Whereby ye shall bind me to be your poor beadsman for ever unto
Almighty God. Fuller.

BEADSNAKE
Bead"snake`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small poisonous snake of North America (Elaps fulvius),
banded with yellow, red, and black.

BEADSWOMAN; BEDESWOMAN
Beads"wom`an, Bedes"wom`an, n.; pl. -women (.

Defn: Fem. of Beadsman.

BEADWORK
Bead"work`, n.

Defn: Ornamental work in beads.

BEADY
Bead"y, a.

1. Resembling beads; small, round, and glistening. "Beady eyes."
Thackeray.

2. Covered or ornamented with, or as with, beads.

3. Characterized by beads; as, beady liquor.

BEAGLE
Bea"gle, n. Etym: [OE. begele; perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. &
Gael. beag small, little, W. bach. F. bigle is from English.]

1. A small hound, or hunting dog, twelve to fifteen inches high, used
in hunting hares and other small game. See Illustration in Appendix.

2. Fig.: A spy or detective; a constable.

BEAK
Beak, n. Etym: [OE. bek, F. bec, fr. Celtic; cf. Gael. & Ir. bac,
bacc, hook, W. bach.]

Defn: 1. (Zoöl.) (a) The bill or nib of a bird, consisting of a horny
sheath, covering the jaws. The form varied much according to the food
and habits of the bird, and is largely used in the classification of
birds. (b) A similar bill in other animals, as the turtles. (c) The
long projecting sucking mouth of some insects, and other
invertebrates, as in the Hemiptera. (d) The upper or projecting part
of the shell, near the hinge of a bivalve. (e) The prolongation of
certain univalve shells containing the canal.

2. Anything projecting or ending in a point, like a beak, as a
promontory of land. Carew.

3. (Antiq.)

Defn: A beam, shod or armed at the end with a metal head or point,
and projecting from the prow of an ancient galley, in order to pierce
the vessel of an enemy; a beakhead.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: That part of a ship, before the forecastle, which is fastened
to the stem, and supported by the main knee.

5. (Arch.)

Defn: A continuous slight projection ending in an arris or narrow
fillet; that part of a drip from which the water is thrown off.

6. (Bot.)

Defn: Any process somewhat like the beak of a bird, terminating the
fruit or other parts of a plant.

7. (Far.)

Defn: A toe clip. See Clip, n. (Far.).

8. A magistrate or policeman. [Slang, Eng.]

BEAKED
Beaked, a.

1. Having a beak or a beaklike point; beak-shaped. "Each beaked
promontory." Milton.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Furnished with a process or a mouth like a beak; rostrate.
Beaked whale (Zoöl.), a cetacean of the genus Hyperoodon; the
bottlehead whale.

BEAKER
Beak"er, n. Etym: [OE. biker; akin to Icel. bikarr, Sw. bägare, Dan.
baeger, G. becher, It. bicchiere; -- all fr. LL. bicarium, prob. fr.
Gr. wine jar, or perh. L. bacar wine vessel. Cf. Pitcher a jug.]

1. A large drinking cup, with a wide mouth, supported on a foot or
standard.

2. An open-mouthed, thin glass vessel, having a projecting lip for
pouring; -- used for holding solutions requiring heat. Knight.

BEAKHEAD
Beak"head`, n.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornament used in rich Norman doorways, resembling a head
with a beak. Parker.

2. (Naut.)
(a) A small platform at the fore part of the upper deck of a vessel,
which contains the water closets of the crew.
(b) (Antiq.) Same as Beak, 3.

BEAKIRON
Beak"i*ron, n. Etym: [From Bickern.]

Defn: A bickern; a bench anvil with a long beak, adapted to reach the
interior surface of sheet metal ware; the horn of an anvil.

BEAL
Beal (, n. Etym: [See Boil a tumor.] (Med.)

Defn: A small inflammatory tumor; a pustule. [Prov. Eng.]

BEAL
Beal, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bealed (; p. pr & vb. n. Bealing.]

Defn: To gather matter; to swell and come to a head, as a pimple.
[Prov. Eng.]

BE-ALL
Be"-all`, n.

Defn: The whole; all that is to be. [Poetic] Shak.

BEAM
Beam, n. Etym: [AS. beám beam, post, tree, ray of light; akin to
OFries. bam tree, OS. b, D. boom, OHG. boum, poum, G. baum, Icel. ba,
Goth. bahms and Gr. a growth, to become, to be. Cf. L. radius staff,
rod, spoke of a wheel, beam or ray, and G. strahl arrow, spoke of a
wheel, ray or beam, flash of lightning. Be; cf. Boom a spar.]

1. Any large piece of timber or iron long in proportion to its
thickness, and prepared for use.

2. One of the principal horizontal timbers of a building or ship.
The beams of a vessel are strong pieces of timber stretching across
from side to side to support the decks. Totten.

3. The width of a vessel; as, one vessel is said to have more beam
than another.

4. The bar of a balance, from the ends of which the scales are
suspended.
The doubtful beam long nods from side to side. Pope.

5. The principal stem or horn of a stag or other deer, which bears
the antlers, or branches.

6. The pole of a carriage. [Poetic] Dryden.

7. A cylinder of wood, making part of a loom, on which weavers wind
the warp before weaving; also, the cylinder on which the cloth is
rolled, as it is woven; one being called the fore beam, the other the
back beam.

8. The straight part or shank of an anchor.

9. The main part of a plow, to which the handles and colter are
secured, and to the end of which are attached the oxen or horses that
draw it.

10. (Steam Engine)

Defn: A heavy iron lever having an oscillating motion on a central
axis, one end of which is connected with the piston rod from which it
receives motion, and the other with the crank of the wheel shaft; --
called also working beam or walking beam.

11. A ray or collection of parallel rays emitted from the sun or
other luminous body; as, a beam of light, or of heat.
How far that little candle throws his beams ! Shak.

12. Fig.: A ray; a gleam; as, a beam of comfort.
Mercy with her genial beam. Keble.

13. One of the long feathers in the wing of a hawk; -- called also
beam feather. Abaft the beam (Naut.), in an arc of the horizon
between a line that crosses the ship at right angles, or in the
direction of her beams, and that point of the compass toward which
her stern is directed.
 -- Beam center (Mach.), the fulcrum or pin on which the working beam
of an engine vibrates.
 -- Beam compass, an instrument consisting of a rod or beam, having
sliding sockets that carry steel or pencil points; -- used for
drawing or describing large circles.
 -- Beam engine, a steam engine having a working beam to transmit
power, in distinction from one which has its piston rod attached
directly to the crank of the wheel shaft.
 -- Before the beam (Naut.), in an arc of the horizon included
between a line that crosses the ship at right angles and that point
of the compass toward which the ship steers.
 -- On the beam , in a line with the beams, or at right angled with
the keel.
 -- On the weather beam, on the side of a ship which faces the wind.
 -- To be on her beam ends, to incline, as a vessel, so much on one
side that her beams approach a vertical position.

BEAM
Beam, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beamed (p. pr. & vb. n. Beaming.]

Defn: To send forth; to emit; -- followed ordinarily by forth; as, to
beam forth light.

BEAM
Beam, v. i.

Defn: To emit beams of light.
He beamed, the daystar of the rising age. Trumbull.

BEAMBIRD
Beam"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European flycatcher (Muscicapa gricola), so called
because it often nests on a beam in a building.

BEAMED
Beamed, a.

Defn: Furnished with beams, as the head of a stag.
Tost his beamed frontlet to the sky. Sir W. Scott.

BEAMFUL
Beam"ful, a.

Defn: Beamy; radiant.

BEAMILY
Beam"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a beaming manner.

BEAMINESS
Beam"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being beamy.

BEAMING
Beam"ing, a.

Defn: Emitting beams; radiant.

BEAMINGLY
Beam"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a beaming manner; radiantly.

BEAMLESS
Beam"less, a.

1. Not having a beam.

2. Not emitting light.

BEAMLET
Beam"let, n.

Defn: A small beam of light.

BEAM TREE
Beam" tree`. Etym: [AS. beám a tree. See Beam.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tree (Pyrus aria) related to the apple.

BEAMY
Beam"y, a.

1. Emitting beams of light; radiant; shining. "Beamy gold." Tickell.

2. Resembling a beam in size and weight; massy.
His double-biting ax, and beamy spear. Dryden.

3. Having horns, or antlers.
Beamy stags in toils engage. Dryden.

BEAN
Bean, n. Etym: [OE. bene, AS.beán; akin to D. boon, G. bohne, OHG. p,
Icel. baun, Dan. bönne, Sw. böna, and perh. to Russ. bob, L. faba.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to the seed of certain leguminous herbs, chiefly
of the genera Faba, Phaseolus, and Dolichos; also, to the herbs.

Note: The origin and classification of many kinds are still doubtful.
Among true beans are: the black-eyed bean and China bean, included in
Dolichos Sinensis; black Egyptian bean or hyacinth bean, D. Lablab;
the common haricot beans, kidney beans, string beans, and pole beans,
all included in Phaseolus vulgaris; the lower bush bean, Ph.
vulgaris, variety nanus; Lima bean, Ph. lunatus; Spanish bean and
scarlet runner, Ph. maltiflorus; Windsor bean, the common bean of
England, Faba vulgaris. As an article of food beans are classed with
vegetables.

2. The popular name of other vegetable seeds or fruits, more or less
resembling true beans. Bean aphis (Zoöl.), a plant louse (Aphis fabæ)
which infests the bean plant.
 -- Bean fly (Zoöl.), a fly found on bean flowers.
 -- Bean goose (Zoöl.), a species of goose (Anser segetum).
 -- Bean weevil (Zoöl.), a small weevil that in the larval state
destroys beans. The American species in Bruchus fabæ.
 -- Florida bean (Bot.), the seed of Mucuna urens, a West Indian
plant. The seeds are washed up on the Florida shore, and are often
polished and made into ornaments.
 -- Ignatius bean, or St. Ignatius's bean (Bot.), a species of
Strychnos.
 -- Navy bean, the common dried white bean of commerce; probably so
called because an important article of food in the navy.
 -- Pea bean, a very small and highly esteemed variety of the edible
white bean; -- so called from its size.
 -- Sacred bean. See under Sacred.
 -- Screw bean. See under Screw.
 -- Sea bean. (a) Same as Florida bean. (b) A red bean of unknown
species used for ornament.
 -- Tonquin bean, or Tonka bean, the fragrant seed of Dipteryx
odorata, a leguminous tree.
 -- Vanilla bean. See under Vanilla.

BEAN CAPER
Bean" ca`per. (Bot.)

Defn: A deciduous plant of warm climates, generally with fleshy
leaves and flowers of a yellow or whitish yellow color, of the genus
Zygophyllum.

BEAN TREFOIL
Bean" tre"foil. (Bot.)

Defn: A leguminous shrub of southern Europe, with trifoliate leaves
(Anagyris foetida).

BEAR
Bear, v. t. [imp. Bore (formerly Bare (); p. p. Born, Borne (p. pr. &
vb. n. Bearing.] Etym: [OE. beren, AS. beran, beoran, to bear, carry,
produce; akin to D. baren to bring forth, G. gebären, Goth. baíran to
bear or carry, Icel. bera, Sw. bära, Dan. bære, OHG. beran, peran, L.
ferre to bear, carry, produce, Gr. , OSlav brati to take, carry, OIr.
berim I bear, Skr. bh to bear. sq. root92. Cf. Fertile.]

1. To support or sustain; to hold up.

2. To support and remove or carry; to convey.
I 'll bear your logs the while. Shak.

3. To conduct; to bring; -- said of persons. [Obs.]
Bear them to my house. Shak.

4. To possess and use, as power; to exercise.
Every man should bear rule in his own house. Esther i. 22.

5. To sustain; to have on (written or inscribed, or as a mark), as,
the tablet bears this inscription.

6. To possess or carry, as a mark of authority or distinction; to
wear; as, to bear a sword, badge, or name.

7. To possess mentally; to carry or hold in the mind; to entertain;
to harbor Dryden.
The ancient grudge I bear him. Shak.

8. To endure; to tolerate; to undergo; to suffer.
Should such a man, too fond to rule alone, Bear, like the Turk, no
brother near the throne. Pope.
I cannot bear The murmur of this lake to hear. Shelley.
My punishment is greater than I can bear. Gen. iv. 13.

9. To gain or win. [Obs.]
Some think to bear it by speaking a great word. Bacon.
She was . . . found not guilty, through bearing of friends and
bribing of the judge. Latimer.

10. To sustain, or be answerable for, as blame, expense,
responsibility, etc.
He shall bear their iniquities. Is. liii. 11.
Somewhat that will bear your charges. Dryden.

11. To render or give; to bring forward. "Your testimony bear"
Dryden.

12. To carry on, or maintain; to have. "The credit of bearing a part
in the conversation." Locke.

13. To admit or be capable of; that is, to suffer or sustain without
violence, injury, or change.
In all criminal cases the most favorable interpretation should be put
on words that they can possibly bear. Swift.

14. To manage, wield, or direct. "Thus must thou thy body bear."
Shak. Hence: To behave; to conduct.
Hath he borne himself penitently in prison Shak.

15. To afford; to be to ; to supply with.
bear him company. Pope.

16. To bring forth or produce; to yield; as, to bear apples; to bear
children; to bear interest.
Here dwelt the man divine whom Samos bore. Dryden.

Note: In the passive form of this verb, the best modern usage
restricts the past participle born to the sense of brought forth,
while borne is used in the other senses of the word. In the active
form, borne alone is used as the past participle. To bear down. (a)
To force into a lower place; to carry down; to depress or sink. "His
nose, . . . large as were the others, bore them down into
insignificance." Marryat. (b) To overthrow or crush by force; as, to
bear down an enemy.
 -- To bear a hand. (a) To help; to give assistance. (b) (Naut.) To
make haste; to be quick.
 -- To bear in hand, to keep (one) up in expectation, usually by
promises never to be realized; to amuse by false pretenses; to
delude. [Obs.] "How you were borne in hand, how crossed." Shak.
 -- To bear in mind, to remember.
 -- To bear off. (a) To restrain; to keep from approach. (b) (Naut.)
To remove to a distance; to keep clear from rubbing against anything;
as, to bear off a blow; to bear off a boat. (c) To gain; to carry
off, as a prize.
 -- To bear one hard, to owe one a grudge. [Obs.] "Cæsar doth bear me
hard." Shak.
 -- To bear out. (a) To maintain and support to the end; to defend to
the last. "Company only can bear a man out in an ill thing." South.
(b) To corroborate; to confirm.
 -- To bear up, to support; to keep from falling or sinking.
"Religious hope bears up the mind under sufferings." Addison.

Syn.
 -- To uphold; sustain; maintain; support; undergo; suffer; endure;
tolerate; carry; convey; transport; waft.

BEAR
Bear, v. i.

1. To produce, as fruit; to be fruitful, in opposition to barrenness.
This age to blossom, and the next to bear. Dryden.

2. To suffer, as in carrying a burden.
But man is born to bear. Pope.

3. To endure with patience; to be patient.
I can not, can not bear. Dryden.

4. To press; -- with on or upon, or against.
These men bear hard on the suspected party. Addison.

5. To take effect; to have influence or force; as, to bring matters
to bear.

6. To relate or refer; -- with on or upon; as, how does this bear on
the question

7. To have a certain meaning, intent, or effect.
Her sentence bore that she should stand a certain time upon the
platform. Hawthorne.

8. To be situated, as to the point of compass, with respect to
something else; as, the land bears N. by E. To bear against, to
approach for attack or seizure; as, a lion bears against his prey.
[Obs.] -- To bear away (Naut.), to change the course of a ship, and
make her run before the wind.
 -- To bear back, to retreat. "Bearing back from the blows of their
sable antagonist." Sir W. Scott.
 -- To bear down upon (Naut.), to approach from the windward side;
as, the fleet bore down upon the enemy.
 -- To bear in with (Naut.), to run or tend toward; as, a ship bears
in with the land.
 -- To bear off (Naut.), to steer away, as from land.
 -- To bear up. (a) To be supported; to have fortitude; to be firm;
not to sink; as, to bear up under afflictions. (b) (Naut.) To put the
helm up (or to windward) and so put the ship before the wind; to bear
away. Hamersly.
 -- To bear upon (Mil.), to be pointed or situated so as to affect;
to be pointed directly against, or so as to hit (the object); as, to
bring or plant guns so as to bear upon a fort or a ship; the
artillery bore upon the center.
 -- To bear up to, to tend or move toward; as, to bear up to one
another.
 -- To bear with, to endure; to be indulgent to; to forbear to
resent, oppose, or punish.

BEAR
Bear, n.

Defn: A bier. [Obs.] Spenser.

BEAR
Bear, n. Etym: [OE. bere, AS. bera; akin to D. beer, OHG. bero, pero,
G. bär, Icel. & Sw. björn, and possibly to L. fera wild beast, Gr.
beast, Skr. bhalla bear.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of the genus Ursus, and of the closely allied
genera. Bears are plantigrade Carnivora, but they live largely on
fruit and insects.

Note: The European brown bear (U. arctos), the white polar bear (U.
maritimus), the grizzly bear (U. horribilis), the American black
bear, and its variety the cinnamon bear (U. Americanus), the Syrian
bear (Ursus Syriacus), and the sloth bear, are among the notable
species.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal which has some resemblance to a bear in form or
habits, but no real affinity; as, the woolly bear; ant bear; water
bear; sea bear.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: One of two constellations in the northern hemisphere, called
respectively the Great Bear and the Lesser Bear, or Ursa Major and
Ursa Minor.

4. Metaphorically: A brutal, coarse, or morose person.

5. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: A person who sells stocks or securities for future delivery in
expectation of a fall in the market.

Note: The bears and bulls of the Stock Exchange, whose interest it
is, the one to depress, and the other to raise, stocks, are said to
be so called in allusion to the bear's habit of pulling down, and the
bull's of tossing up.

6. (Mach.)

Defn: A portable punching machine.

7. (Naut.)

Defn: A block covered with coarse matting; -- used to scour the deck.
Australian bear. (Zoöl.) See Koala.
 -- Bear baiting, the sport of baiting bears with dogs.
 -- Bear caterpillar (Zoöl.), the hairy larva of a moth, esp. of the
genus Euprepia.
 -- Bear garden. (a) A place where bears are kept for diversion or
fighting. (b) Any place where riotous conduct is common or permitted.
M. Arnold.
 -- Bear leader, one who leads about a performing bear for money;
hence, a facetious term for one who takes charge of a young man on
his travels.

BEAR
Bear, v. t. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: To endeavor to depress the price of, or prices in; as, to bear
a railroad stock; to bear the market.

BEAR; BERE
Bear, Bere, n. Etym: [AS. bere. See Barley.] (Bot.)

Defn: Barley; the six-rowed barley or the four-rowed barley, commonly
the former (Hord. vulgare). [Obs. except in North of Eng. and Scot.]

BEARABLE
Bear"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being borne or endured; tolerable.
 -- Bear"a*bly, adv.

BEARBERRY
Bear"ber*ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A trailing plant of the heath family (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi),
having leaves which are tonic and astringent, and glossy red berries
of which bears are said to be fond.

BEARBIND
Bear"bind`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis).

BEARD
Beard, n. Etym: [OE. berd, AS. beard; akin to Fries. berd, D. baard,
G. bart, Lith. barzda, OSlav. brada, Pol. broda, Russ. boroda, L.
barba, W. barf. Cf. 1st Barb.]

1. The hair that grows on the chin, lips, and adjacent parts of the
human face, chiefly of male adults.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The long hairs about the face in animals, as in the goat.
(b) The cluster of small feathers at the base of the beak in some
birds
(c) The appendages to the jaw in some Cetacea, and to the mouth or
jaws of some fishes.
(d) The byssus of certain shellfish, as the muscle.
(e) The gills of some bivalves, as the oyster.
(f) In insects, the hairs of the labial palpi of moths and
butterflies.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Long or stiff hairs on a plant; the awn; as, the beard of
grain.

4. A barb or sharp point of an arrow or other instrument, projecting
backward to prevent the head from being easily drawn out.

5. That part of the under side of a horse's lower jaw which is above
the chin, and bears the curb of a bridle.

6. (Print.)

Defn: That part of a type which is between the shoulder of the shank
and the face.

7. An imposition; a trick. [Obs.] Chaucer. Beard grass (Bot.), a
coarse, perennial grass of different species of the genus Andropogon.
 -- To one's beard, to one's face; in open defiance.

BEARD
Beard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bearded; p. pr. & vb. n. Bearding.]

1. To take by the beard; to seize, pluck, or pull the beard of (a
man), in anger or contempt.

2. To oppose to the gills; to set at defiance.
No admiral, bearded by three corrupt and dissolute minions of the
palace, dared to do more than mutter something about a court martial.
Macaulay.

3. To deprive of the gills; -- used only of oysters and similar
shellfish.

BEARDED
Beard"ed, a.

Defn: Having a beard. "Bearded fellow." Shak. "Bearded grain."
Dryden. Bearded vulture, Bearded eagle. (Zoöl.) See Lammergeir.
 -- Bearded tortoise. (Zoöl.) See Matamata.

BEARDIE
Beard"ie, n. Etym: [From Beard, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bearded loach (Nemachilus barbatus) of Europe. [Scot.]

BEARDLESS
Beard"less, a.

1. Without a beard. Hence: Not having arrived at puberty or manhood;
youthful.

2. Destitute of an awn; as, beardless wheat.

BEARDLESSNESS
Beard"less*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being destitute of beard.

BEARER
Bear"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, bears, sustains, or carries. "Bearers of
burdens." 2 Chron. ii. 18. "The bearer of unhappy news." Dryden.

2. Specifically: One who assists in carrying a body to the grave; a
pallbearer. Milton.

3. A palanquin carrier; also, a house servant. [India]

4. A tree or plant yielding fruit; as, a good bearer.

5. (Com.)

Defn: One who holds a check, note, draft, or other order for the
payment of money; as, pay to bearer.

6. (Print.)

Defn: A strip of reglet or other furniture to bear off the impression
from a blank page; also, a type or type-high piece of metal
interspersed in blank parts to support the plate when it is shaved.

BEARHERD
Bear"herd`, n.

Defn: A man who tends a bear.

BEARHOUND
Bear"hound`, n.

Defn: A hound for baiting or hunting bears. Car

BEARING
Bear"ing, n.

1. The manner in which one bears or conducts one's self; mien;
behavior; carriage.
I know him by his bearing. Shak.

2. Patient endurance; suffering without complaint.

3. The situation of one object, with respect to another, such
situation being supposed to have a connection with the object, or
influence upon it, or to be influenced by it; hence, relation;
connection.
But of this frame, the bearings and the ties, The strong connections,
nice dependencies. Pope.

4. Purport; meaning; intended significance; aspect.

5. The act, power, or time of producing or giving birth; as, a tree
in full bearing; a tree past bearing.
[His mother] in travail of his bearing. R. of Gloucester.

6. (Arch.)
(a) That part of any member of a building which rests upon its
supports; as, a lintel or beam may have four inches of bearing upon
the wall.
(b) The portion of a support on which anything rests.
(c) Improperly, the unsupported span; as, the beam has twenty feet of
bearing between its supports.

7. (Mach.)
(a) The part of an axle or shaft in contact with its support, collar,
or boxing; the journal.
(b) The part of the support on which a journal rests and rotates.

8. (Her.)

Defn: Any single emblem or charge in an escutcheon or coat of arms --
commonly in the pl.
A carriage covered with armorial bearings. Thackeray.

9. (Naut.)
(a) The situation of a distant object, with regard to a ship's
position, as on the bow, on the lee quarter, etc.; the direction or
point of the compass in which an object is seen; as, the bearing of
the cape was W. N. W. (b) pl.

Defn: The widest part of a vessel below the plank-sheer. (c) pl.

Defn: The line of flotation of a vessel when properly trimmed with
cargo or ballast. Ball bearings. See under Ball.
 -- To bring one to his bearings, to bring one to his senses.
 -- To lose one's bearings, to become bewildered.
 -- To take bearings, to ascertain by the compass the position of an
object; to ascertain the relation of one object or place to another;
to ascertain one's position by reference to landmarks or to the
compass; hence (Fig.), to ascertain the condition of things when one
is in trouble or perplexity.

Syn.
 -- Deportment; gesture; mien; behavior; manner; carriage; demeanor;
port; conduct; direction; relation; tendency; influence.

BEARING CLOTH
Bear"ing cloth`.

Defn: A cloth with which a child is covered when carried to be
baptized. Shak.

BEARING REIN
Bear"ing rein`.

Defn: A short rein looped over the check hook or the hames to keep
the horse's head up; -- called in the United States a checkrein.

BEARING RING
Bear"ing ring`.

Defn: In a balloon, the braced wooden ring attached to the suspension
ropes at the bottom, functionally analogous to the keel of a ship.

BEARISH
Bear"ish, a.

Defn: Partaking of the qualities of a bear; resembling a bear in
temper or manners. Harris.

BEARISHNESS
Bear"ish*ness, n.

Defn: Behavior like that of a bear.

BEARN
Bearn, n.

Defn: See Bairn. [Obs.]

BEAR'S-BREECH
Bear's"-breech`, n. (Bot.)
(a) See Acanthus, n., 1.
(b) The English cow parsnip (Heracleum sphondylium) Dr. Prior.

BEAR'S-EAR
Bear's-ear`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of primrose (Primula auricula), so called from the shape
of the leaf.

BEAR'S-FOOT
Bear's"-foot`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of hellebore (Helleborus foetidus), with digitate
leaves. It has an offensive smell and acrid taste, and is a powerful
emetic, cathartic, and anthelmintic.

BEARSKIN
Bear"skin`, n.

1. The skin of a bear.

2. A coarse, shaggy, woolen cloth for overcoats.

3. A cap made of bearskin, esp. one worn by soldiers.

BEAR'S-PAW
Bear's"-paw`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large bivalve shell of the East Indies (Hippopus maculatus),
often used as an ornament.

BEAR STATE
Bear State.

Defn: Arkansas; -- a nickname, from the many bears once inhabiting
its forests.

BEAR-TRAP DAM
Bear"-trap` dam. (Engin.)

Defn: A kind of movable dam, in one form consisting of two leaves
resting against each other at the top when raised and folding down
one over the other when lowered, for deepening shallow parts in a
river.

BEARWARD
Bear"ward`, n. Etym: [Bear + ward a keeper.]

Defn: A keeper of bears. See Bearherd. [R.] Shak.

BEAST
Beast, n. Etym: [OE. best, beste, OF. beste, F. bête, fr. L. bestia.]

1. Any living creature; an animal; -- including man, insects, etc.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Any four-footed animal, that may be used for labor, food, or
sport; as, a beast of burden.
A righteous man regardeth the life of his beast. Prov. xii. 10.

3. As opposed to man: Any irrational animal.

4. Fig.: A coarse, brutal, filthy, or degraded fellow.

5. A game at cards similar to loo. [Obs.] Wright.

6. A penalty at beast, omber, etc. Hence: To be beasted, to be beaten
at beast, omber, etc. Beast royal, the lion. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- Beast, Brute. When we use these words in a figurative sense, as
applicable to human beings, we think of beasts as mere animals
governed by animal appetite; and of brutes as being destitute of
reason or moral feeling, and governed by unrestrained passion. Hence
we speak of beastly appetites; beastly indulgences, etc.; and of
brutal manners; brutal inhumanity; brutal ferocity. So, also, we say
of a drunkard, that he first made himself a beast, and then treated
his family like a brute.

BEASTHOOD
Beast"hood, n.

Defn: State or nature of a beast.

BEASTINGS
Beast"ings, n. pl.

Defn: See Biestings.

BEASTLIHEAD
Beast"li*head, n. Etym: [Beastly + -head state.]

Defn: Beastliness. [Obs.] Spenser.

BEASTLIKE
Beast"like", a.

Defn: Like a beast.

BEASTLINESS
Beast"li*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being beastly.

BEASTLY
Beast"ly, a.

1. Pertaining to, or having the form, nature, or habits of, a beast.
Beastly divinities and droves of gods. Prior.

2. Characterizing the nature of a beast; contrary to the nature and
dignity of man; brutal; filthy.
The beastly vice of drinking to excess. Swift.

3. Abominable; as, beastly weather. [Colloq. Eng.]

Syn.
 -- Bestial; brutish; irrational; sensual; degrading.

BEAT
Beat, v. t. [imp. Beat; p. p. Beat, Beaten (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Beating.] Etym: [OE. beaten, beten, AS. beátan; akin to Icel. bauta,
OHG. b. Cf. 1st Butt, Button.]

1. To strike repeatedly; to lay repeated blows upon; as, to beat
one's breast; to beat iron so as to shape it; to beat grain, in order
to force out the seeds; to beat eggs and sugar; to beat a drum.
Thou shalt beat some of it [spices] very small. Ex. xxx. 36.
They did beat the gold into thin plates. Ex. xxxix. 3.

2. To punish by blows; to thrash.

3. To scour or range over in hunting, accompanied with the noise made
by striking bushes, etc., for the purpose of rousing game.
To beat the woods, and rouse the bounding prey. Prior.

4. To dash against, or strike, as with water or wind.
A frozen continent . . . beat with perpetual storms. Milton.

5. To tread, as a path.
Pass awful gulfs, and beat my painful way. Blackmore.

6. To overcome in a battle, contest, strife, race, game, etc.; to
vanquish or conquer; to surpass.
He beat them in a bloody battle. Prescott.
For loveliness, it would be hard to beat that. M. Arnold.

7. To cheat; to chouse; to swindle; to defraud; -- often with out.
[Colloq.]

8. To exercise severely; to perplex; to trouble.
Why should any one . . . beat his head about the Latin grammar who
does not intend to be a critic Locke.

9. (Mil.)

Defn: To give the signal for, by beat of drum; to sound by beat of
drum; as, to beat an alarm, a charge, a parley, a retreat; to beat
the general, the reveille, the tattoo. See Alarm, Charge, Parley,
etc. To beat down, to haggle with (any one) to secure a lower price;
to force down. [Colloq.] -- To beat into, to teach or instill, by
repetition.
 -- To beat off, to repel or drive back.
 -- To beat out, to extend by hammering.
 -- To beat out of a thing, to cause to relinquish it, or give it up.
"Nor can anything beat their posterity out of it to this day." South.
 -- To beat the dust. (Man.) (a) To take in too little ground with
the fore legs, as a horse. (b) To perform curvets too precipitately
or too low.
 -- To beat the hoof, to walk; to go on foot.
 -- To beat the wing, to flutter; to move with fluttering agitation.
 -- To beat time, to measure or regulate time in music by the motion
of the hand or foot.
 -- To beat up, to attack suddenly; to alarm or disturb; as, to beat
up an enemy's quarters.

Syn.
 -- To strike; pound; bang; buffet; maul; drub; thump; baste; thwack;
thrash; pommel; cudgel; belabor; conquer; defeat; vanquish; overcome.

BEAT
Beat, v. i.

1. To strike repeatedly; to inflict repeated blaows; to knock
vigorously or loudly.
The men of the city . . . beat at the door. Judges. xix. 22.

2. To move with pulsation or throbbing.
A thousand hearts beat happily. Byron.

3. To come or act with violence; to dash or fall with force; to
strike anything, as, rain, wind, and waves do.
Sees rolling tempests vainly beat below. Dryden.
They [winds] beat at the crazy casement. Longfellow.
The sun beat upon the head of Jonah, that he fainted, and wisbed in
himself to die. Jonah iv. 8.
Public envy seemeth to beat chiefly upon ministers. Bacon.

4. To be in agitation or doubt. [Poetic]
To still my beating mind. Shak
.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: To make progress against the wind, by sailing in a zigzag line
or traverse.

6. To make a sound when struck; as, the drums beat.

7. (Mil.)

Defn: To make a succession of strokes on a drum; as, the drummers
beat to call soldiers to their quarters.

8. (Acoustics & Mus.)

Defn: To sound with more or less rapid alternations of greater and
less intensity, so as to produce a pulsating effect; -- said of
instruments, tones, or vibrations, not perfectly in unison. A beating
wind (Naut.), a wind which necessitates tacking in order to make
progress.
 -- To beat about, to try to find; to search by various means or
ways. Addison.
 -- To beat about the bush, to approach a subject circuitously.
 -- To beat up and down (Hunting), to run first one way and then
another; -- said of a stag.
 -- To beat up for recruits, to go diligently about in order to get
helpers or participators in an enterprise.

BEAT
Beat, n.

1. A stroke; a blow.
He, with a careless beat, Struck out the mute creation at a heat.
Dryden.

2. A recurring stroke; a throb; a pulsation; as, a beat of the heart;
the beat of the pulse.

3. (Mus.)
(a) The rise or fall of the hand or foot, marking the divisions of
time; a division of the measure so marked. In the rhythm of music the
beat is the unit.
(b) A transient grace note, struck immediately before the one it is
intended to ornament.

4. (Acoustics & Mus.)

Defn: A sudden swelling or reënforcement of a sound, recurring at
regular intervals, and produced by the interference of sound waves of
slightly different periods of vibrations; applied also, by analogy,
to other kinds of wave motions; the pulsation or throbbing produced
by the vibrating together of two tones not quite in unison. See Beat,
v. i., 8.

5. A round or course which is frequently gone over; as, a watchman's
beat.

6. A place of habitual or frequent resort.

7. A cheat or swindler of the lowest grade; -- often emphasized by
dead; as, a dead beat. [Low] Beat of drum (Mil.), a succession of
strokes varied, in different ways, for particular purposes, as to
regulate a march, to call soldiers to their arms or quarters, to
direct an attack, or retreat, etc.
 -- Beat of a watch, or clock, the stroke or sound made by the action
of the escapement. A clock is in beat or out of beat, according as
the strokes is at equal or unequal intervals.

BEAT
Beat, a.

Defn: Weary; tired; fatigued; exhausted. [Colloq.]
Quite beat, and very much vexed and disappointed. Dickens.

BEATEN
Beat"en, a.

1. Made smooth by beating or treading; worn by use. "A broad and
beaten way." Milton. "Beaten gold." Shak.

2. Vanquished; conquered; baffled.

3. Exhausted; tired out.

4. Become common or trite; as, a beaten phrase. [Obs.]

5. Tried; practiced. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

BEATER
Beat"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, beats.

2. A person who beats up game for the hunters. Black.

BEATH
Beath, v. t. Etym: [AS. be to foment.]

Defn: To bathe; also, to dry or heat, as unseasoned wood. [Obs.]
Spenser.

BEATIFIC; BEATIFICAL
Be`a*tif"ic, Be`a*tif"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. béatifique, L.
beatificus. See Beatify.]

Defn: Having the power to impart or complete blissful enjoyment;
blissful. "The beatific vision." South.
 -- Be`a*tif"ic*al*ly, adv.

BEATIFICATE
Be`a*tif"i*cate, v. t.

Defn: To beatify. [Obs.] Fuller.

BEATIFICATION
Be*at`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. béatification.]

Defn: The act of beatifying, or the state of being beatified; esp.,
in the R. C. Church, the act or process of ascertaining and declaring
that a deceased person is one of "the blessed," or has attained the
second degree of sanctity, -- usually a stage in the process of
canonization. "The beatification of his spirit." Jer. Taylor.

BEATIFY
Be*at"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beatified (p. pr. & vb. n.
Beatifying.] Etym: [L. beatificare; beatus happy (fr. beare to bless,
akin to bonus good) + facere to make: cf. F. béatifier. See Bounty.]

1. To pronounce or regard as happy, or supremely blessed, or as
conferring happiness.
The common conceits and phrases that beatify wealth. Barrow.

2. To make happy; to bless with the completion of celestial
enjoyment. "Beatified spirits." Dryden.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: To ascertain and declare, by a public process and decree, that
a deceased person is one of "the blessed" and is to be reverenced as
such, though not canonized.

BEATING
Beat"ing, n.

1. The act of striking or giving blows; punishment or chastisement by
blows.

2. Pulsation; throbbing; as, the beating of the heart.

3. (Acoustics & Mus.)

Defn: Pulsative sounds. See Beat, n.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: The process of sailing against the wind by tacks in zigzag
direction.

BEATITUDE
Be*at"i*tude, n. Etym: [L. beatitudo: cf. F. béatitude. See Beatify.]

1. Felicity of the highest kind; consummate bliss.

2. Any one of the nine declarations (called the Beatitudes), made in
the Sermon on the Mount (Matt. v. 3-12), with regard to the
blessedness of those who are distinguished by certain specified
virtues.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Beatification. Milman.

Syn.
 -- Blessedness; felicity; happiness.

BEAU
Beau, n.; pl. F. Beaux (E. pron. b), E. Beaus. Etym: [F., a fop, fr.
beau fine, beautiful, fr. L. bellus pretty, fine, for bonulus, dim.
of bonus good. See Bounty, and cf. Belle, Beauty.]

1. A man who takes great care to dress in the latest fashion; a
dandy.

2. A man who escorts, or pays attentions to, a lady; an escort; a
lover.

BEAUCATCHER
Beau"catch`er, n.

Defn: A small flat curl worn on the temple by women. [Humorous]

BEAUFET
Beau"fet, n. Etym: [See Buffet.]

Defn: A niche, cupboard, or sideboard for plate, china, glass, etc.;
a buffet.
A beaufet . . . filled with gold and silver vessels. Prescott.

BEAUFIN
Beau"fin, n.

Defn: See Biffin. Wright.

BEAUFORT'S SCALE
Beau"fort's scale`. (Meteor.)

Defn: A scale of wind force devised by Sir F. Beaufort, R. N., in
1805, in which the force is indicated by numbers from 0 to 12.

 The full scale is as follows: -- 0, calm; 1, light air; 2, light
breeze; 3, gentle breeze; 4, moderate breeze; 5, fresh breeze; 6,
strong breeze; 7, moderate gale; 8, fresh gale; 9, strong gale; 10,
whole gale; 11, storm; 12, hurricane.

BEAU IDEAL
Beau" i*de"al. Etym: [F. beau beautiful + idéal ideal.]

Defn: A conception or image of consummate beauty, moral or physical,
formed in the mind, free from all the deformities, defects, and
blemishes seen in actual existence; an ideal or faultless standard or
model.

BEAUISH
Beau"ish, n.

Defn: Like a beau; characteristic of a beau; foppish; fine. "A
beauish young spark." Byrom.

BEAU MONDE
Beau` monde". Etym: [F. beau fine + monde world.]

Defn: The fashionable world; people of fashion and gayety. Prior.

BEAUMONTAGUE
Beau`mon"ta*gue, n.

Defn: A cement used in making joints, filling cracks, etc.  For iron,
the principal constituents are iron borings and sal ammoniac; for
wood, white lead or litharge, whiting, and linseed oil.

BEAUPERE
Beau"pere`, n. Etym: [F. beau pére; beau fair + pére father.]

1. A father. [Obs.] Wyclif.

2. A companion. [Obs.] Spenser.

BEAUSEANT
Beau`se`ant", n. Etym: [F. beaucéant.]

Defn: The black and white standard of the Knights Templars.

BEAUSHIP
Beau"ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a beau; the personality of a beau. [Jocular]
Dryden.

BEAUTEOUS
Beau"te*ous, a.

Defn: Full of beauty; beautiful; very handsome. [Mostly poetic] --
Beau"te*ous*ly, adv. --

Defn: Beau"te*ous*ness, n.

BEAUTIED
Beau"tied, p. a.

Defn: Beautiful; embellished. [Poetic] Shak.

BEAUTIFIER
Beau"ti*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, beautifies or makes beautiful.

BEAUTIFUL
Beau"ti*ful, a.

Defn: Having the qualities which constitute beauty; pleasing to the
sight or the mind.
A circle is more beautiful than a square; a square is more beautiful
than a parallelogram. Lord Kames.

Syn.
 -- Handsome; elegant; lovely; fair; charming; graceful; pretty;
delightful. See Fine.
 -- Beau"ti*ful*ly, adv.
 -- Beau"ti*ful*ness, n.

BEAUTIFY
Beau"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beautified (p. pr. & vb. n.
Beautifying.] Etym: [Beauty + -fy.]

Defn: To make or render beautiful; to add beauty to; to adorn; to
deck; to grace; to embellish.
The arts that beautify and polish life. Burke.

Syn.
 -- To adorn; grace; ornament; deck; decorate.

BEAUTIFY
Beau"ti*fy, v. i.

Defn: To become beautiful; to advance in beauty. Addison.

BEAUTILESS
Beau"ti*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of beauty. Hammond.

BEAUTY
Beau"ty, n.; pl. Beauties. Etym: [OE. beaute, beute, OF. beauté,
biauté, Pr. beltat, F. beauté, fr. an assumed LL. bellitas, from L.
bellus pretty. See Beau.]

1. An assemblage or graces or properties pleasing to the eye, the
ear, the intellect, the æsthetic faculty, or the moral sense.
Beauty consists of a certain composition of color and figure, causing
delight in the beholder. Locke.
The production of beauty by a multiplicity of symmetrical parts
uniting in a consistent whole. Wordsworth.
The old definition of beauty, in the Roman school, was, "multitude in
unity;" and there is no doubt that such is the principle of beauty.
Coleridge.

2. A particular grace, feature, ornament, or excellence; anything
beautiful; as, the beauties of nature.

3. A beautiful person, esp. a beautiful woman.
All the admired beauties of Verona. Shak.

4. Prevailing style or taste; rage; fashion. [Obs.]
She stained her hair yellow, which was then the beauty. Jer. Taylor.
Beauty spot, a patch or spot placed on the face with intent to
heighten beauty by contrast.

BEAUX
Beaux, n.,

Defn: pl. of Beau.

BEAUXITE
Beaux"ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Bauxite.

BEAVER
Bea"ver, n. Etym: [OE. bever, AS. beofer, befer; akin to D. bever,
OHG. bibar, G. biber, Sw. bäfver, Dan. bæver, Lith. bebru, Russ.
bobr', Gael. beabhar, Corn. befer, L. fiber, and Skr. babhrus large
ichneumon; also as an adj., brown, the animal being probably named
from its color. Brown.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An amphibious rodent, of the genus Castor.

Note: It has palmated hind feet, and a broad, flat tail. It is
remarkable for its ingenuity in constructing its valued for its fur,
and for the material called castor, obtained from two small bags in
the groin of the animal. The European species is Castor fiber, and
the American is generally considered a variety of this, although
sometimes called Castor Canadensis.

2. The fur of the beaver.

3. A hat, formerly made of the fur of the beaver, but now usually of
silk.
A brown beaver slouched over his eyes. Prescott.

4. Beaver cloth, a heavy felted woolen cloth, used chiefly for making
overcoats. Beaver rat (Zoöl.), an aquatic ratlike quadruped of
Tasmania (Hydromys chrysogaster).
 -- Beaver skin, the furry skin of the beaver.
 -- Bank beaver. See under 1st Bank.

BEAVER
Bea"ver, n. Etym: [OE. baviere, bauier, beavoir, bever; fr. F.
bavière, fr. bave slaver, drivel, foam, OF., prattle, drivel, perh.
orig. an imitative word. Bavière, according to Cotgrave, is the bib
put before a (slavering) child.]

Defn: That piece of armor which protected the lower part of the face,
whether forming a part of the helmet or fixed to the breastplate. It
was so constructed (with joints or otherwise) that the wearer could
raise or lower it to eat and drink.

BEAVERED
Bea"vered, a.

Defn: Covered with, or wearing, a beaver or hat. "His beavered brow."
Pope.

BEAVER STATE
Bea"ver State.

Defn: Oregon; -- a nickname.

BEAVERTEEN
Bea"ver*teen, n.

Defn: A kind of fustian made of coarse twilled cotton, shorn after
dyeing. Simmonds.

BEBEERINE; BEBIRINE
Be*bee"rine, or Be*bi"rine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid got from the bark of the bebeeru, or green heart of
Guiana (Nectandra Rodioei). It is a tonic, antiperiodic, and
febrifuge, and is used in medicine as a substitute for quinine.
[Written also bibirine.]

BEBEERU
Be*bee"ru, n. [Written also bibiru.] [Native name.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tropical South American tree (Nectandra Rodioi), the bark of
which yields the alkaloid bebeerine, and the wood of which is known
as green heart.

BEBLEED
Be*bleed", v. t.

Defn: To make bloody; to stain with blood. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BEBLOOD; BEBLOODY
Be*blood", Be*blood"y, v. t.

Defn: To make bloody; to stain with blood. [Obs.] Sheldon.

BEBLOT
Be*blot", v. t.

Defn: To blot; to stain. Chaucer.

BEBLUBBER
Be*blub"ber, v. t.

Defn: To make swollen and disfigured or sullied by weeping; as, her
eyes or cheeks were beblubbered.

BEBUNG
Be"bung, n. [G., lit., a trembling.] (Music)

Defn: A tremolo effect, such as that produced on the piano by
vibratory repetition of a note with sustained use of the pedal.

BECALM
Be*calm", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Becalmed (p. pr. & vb. n. Becalming.]

1. To render calm or quiet; to calm; to still; to appease.
Soft whispering airs . . . becalm the mind. Philips.

2. To keep from motion, or stop the progress of, by the stilling of
the wind; as, the fleet was becalmed.

BECAME
Be*came", imp.

Defn: of Become.

BECARD
Bec"ard, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American bird of the flycatcher family. (Tityra
inquisetor).

BECAUSE
Be*cause", conj. Etym: [OE. bycause; by + cause.]

1. By or for the cause that; on this account that; for the reason
that. Milton.

2. In order that; that. [Obs.]
And the multitude rebuked them because they should hold their peace.
Matt. xx. 31.
Because of, by reason of, on account of. [Prep. phrase.]
Because of these things cometh the wrath of God upon the children of
disobedience. Eph. v. 6.

Syn, -- Because, For, Since, As, Inasmuch As. These particles are
used, in certain connections, to assign the reason of a thing, or
that "on account of" which it is or takes place. Because (by cause)
is the strongest and most emphatic; as, I hid myself because I was
afraid. For is not quite so strong; as, in Shakespeare, "I hate him,
for he is a Christian." Since is less formal and more incidental than
because; as, I will do it since you request me. It more commonly
begins a sentence; as, Since your decision is made, I will say no
more. As is still more incidental than since, and points to some
existing fact by way of assigning a reason. Thus we say, as I knew
him to be out of town, I did not call. Inasmuch as seems to carry
with it a kind of qualification which does not belong to the rest.
Thus, if we say, I am ready to accept your proposal, inasmuch as I
believe it is the best you can offer, we mean, it is only with this
understanding that we can accept it.

BECCABUNGA
Bec`ca*bun"ga, n. Etym: [NL. (cf. It. beccabunga, G. bachbunge), fr.
G. bach brook + bunge, OHG. bungo, bulb. See Beck a brook.]

Defn: See Brooklime.

BECCAFICO
Bec`ca*fi"co, n.; pl. Beccaficos (. Etym: [It., fr. beccare to peck +
fico fig.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small bird. (Silvia hortensis), which is highly prized by the
Italians for the delicacy of its flesh in the autumn, when it has fed
on figs, grapes, etc.

BECCHI'S TEST
Bec"chi's test. [After E. Becchi, Italian chemist.] (Chem.)

Defn: A qualitative test for cottonseed oil, based on the fact this
oil imparts a maroon color to an alcoholic solution of silver
nitrate.

BECHAMEL
Bech"a*mel, n. Etym: [F. béchamel, named from its inventor, Louis de
Béchamel.] (Cookery)

Defn: A rich, white sauce, prepared with butter and cream.

BECHANCE
Be*chance", adv. Etym: [Pref. be- for by + chance.]

Defn: By chance; by accident. [Obs.] Grafton.

BECHANCE
Be*chance", v. t. & i.

Defn: To befall; to chance; to happen to.
God knows what hath bechanced them. Shak.

BECHARM
Be*charm", v. t.

Defn: To charm; to captivate.

BECHE DE MER
Bêche` de mer". Etym: [F., lit., a sea spade.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The trepang.

BECHIC
Be"chic, a. Etym: [L. bechicus, adj., for a cough, Gr. , fr. cough:
cf. F. béchique.] (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or relieving, a cough. Thomas.
 -- n.

Defn: A medicine for relieving coughs. Quincy.

BECHUANAS
Bech`u*a"nas, n. pl.

Defn: A division of the Bantus, dwelling between the Orange and
Zambezi rivers, supposed to be the most ancient Bantu population of
South Africa. They are divided into totemic clans; they are
intelligent and progressive.

BECK
Beck, n.

Defn: See Beak. [Obs.] Spenser.

BECK
Beck, n. Etym: [OE. bek, AS. becc; akin to Icel. bekkr brook, OHG.
pah, G. bach.]

Defn: A small brook.
The brooks, the becks, the rills. Drayton.

BECK
Beck, n.

Defn: A vat. See Back.

BECK
Beck, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Becked (; p. pr. & vb. n. Becking.] Etym:
[Contr. of beckon.]

Defn: To nod, or make a sign with the head or hand. [Archaic]
Drayton.

BECK
Beck, v. t.

Defn: To notify or call by a nod, or a motion of the head or hand; to
intimate a command to. [Archaic]
When gold and silver becks me to come on. Shak.

BECK
Beck, n.

Defn: A significant nod, or motion of the head or hand, esp. as a
call or command.
They have troops of soldiers at their beck. Shak.

BECKER
Beck"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European fish (Pagellus centrodontus); the sea bream or
braise.

BECKET
Beck"et, n. Etym: [Cf. D. bek beak, and E. beak.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A small grommet, or a ring or loop of rope

2. A spade for digging turf. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

BECKON
Beck"on, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beckoned (p. pr. & vb. n. Beckoning.]

Defn: To make a significant sign to; hence, to summon, as by a motion
of the hand.
His distant friends, he beckons near. Dryden.
It beckons you to go away with it. Shak.

BECKON
Beck"on, n.

Defn: A sign made without words; a beck. "At the first beckon."
Bolingbroke.

BECK'S SCALE
Beck's scale.

Defn: A hydrometer scale on which the zero point corresponds to sp.
gr. 1.00, and the 30º-point to sp. gr. 0.85. From these points the
scale is extended both ways, all the degrees being of equal length.

BECLAP
Be*clap, v. t. Etym: [OE. biclappen.]

Defn: To catch; to grasp; to insnare. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BECLIP
Be*clip", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beclipped ( Etym: [AS. beclyppan; pref.
be + clyppan to embrace.]

Defn: To embrace; to surround. [Obs.] Wyclif.

BECLOUD
Be*cloud", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beclouded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Beclouding.]

Defn: To cause obscurity or dimness to; to dim; to cloud.
If thou becloud the sunshine of thine eye. Quarles.

BECOME
Be*come", v. i. [imp. Became; p. p. Become; p. pr. & vb. n.
Becoming.] Etym: [OE. bicumen, becumen, AS. becuman to come to, to
happen; akin to D. bekomen, OHG.a piquëman, Goth. biquiman to come
upon, G. bekommen to get, suit. See Be-, and Come.]

1. To pass from one state to another; to enter into some state or
condition, by a change from another state, or by assuming or
receiving new properties or qualities, additional matter, or a new
character.
The Lord God . . . breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and
man became a living soul. Gen. ii. 7.
That error now which is become my crime. Milton.

2. To come; to get. [Obs.]
But, madam, where is Warwick then become! Shak.
To become of, to be the present state or place of; to be the fate of;
to be the end of; to be the final or subsequent condition of.
What is then become of so huge a multitude Sir W. Raleigh.

BECOME
Be*come", v. t.

Defn: To suit or be suitable to; to be congruous with; to befit; to
accord with, in character or circumstances; to be worthy of, or
proper for; to cause to appear well; -- said of persons and things.
It becomes me so to speak of so excellent a poet. Dryden.
I have known persons so anxious to have their dress become them, as
to convert it, at length, into their proper self, and thus actually
to become the dress. Coleridge.

BECOMED
Be*com"ed, a.

Defn: Proper; decorous. [Obs.]
And gave him what becomed love I might. Shak.

BECOMING
Be*com"ing, a.

Defn: Appropriate or fit; congruous; suitable; graceful; befitting.
A low and becoming tone. Thackeray.

Note: Formerly sometimes followed by of.
Such discourses as are becoming of them. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Seemly; comely; decorous; decent; proper.

BECOMING
Be*com"ing, n.

Defn: That which is becoming or appropriate. [Obs.]

BECOMINGLY
Be*com"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a becoming manner.

BECOMINGNESS
Be*com"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being becoming, appropriate, or fit; congruity;
fitness.
The becomingness of human nature. Grew.

BECQUEREL RAYS
Becque`rel" rays". (Physics)

Defn: Radiations first observed by the French physicist Henri
Becquerel, in working with uranium and its compounds. They consist of
a mixture of alpha, beta, and gamma rays.

BECRIPPLE
Be*crip"ple, v. t.

Defn: To make a cripple of; to cripple; to lame. [R.] Dr. H. More.

BECUIBA; BECUIBA NUT
Be*cui"ba, n., Be*cui"ba nut`. [Native name.] (Bot.)

Defn: The nut of the Brazilian tree Myristica Bicuhyba, which yields
a medicinal balsam used for rheumatism.

BECUNA
Be*cu"na, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of the Mediterranean (Sphyræna spet). See Barracuda.

BECURL
Be*curl", v. t.

Defn: To curl; to adorn with curls.

BED
Bed, n. Etym: [AS. bed, bedd; akin to OS. bed, D. bed, bedde, Icel.
be, Dan. bed, Sw. bädd, Goth. badi, OHG. betti, G. bett, bette, bed,
beet a plat of ground; all of uncertain origin.]

1. An article of furniture to sleep or take rest in or on; a couch.
Specifically: A sack or mattress, filled with some soft material, in
distinction from the bedstead on which it is placed (as, a feather
bed), or this with the bedclothes added. In a general sense, any
thing or place used for sleeping or reclining on or in, as a quantity
of hay, straw, leaves, or twigs.
And made for him [a horse] a leafy bed. Byron.
I wash, wring, brew, bake, . . . make the beds. Shak.
In bed he slept not for my urging it. Shak.

2. (Used as the symbol of matrimony) Marriage.
George, the eldest son of his second bed. Clarendon.

3. A plat or level piece of ground in a garden, usually a little
raised above the adjoining ground. "Beds of hyacinth and roses."
Milton.

4. A mass or heap of anything arranged like a bed; as, a bed of ashes
or coals.

5. The bottom of a watercourse, or of any body of water; as, the bed
of a river.
So sinks the daystar in the ocean bed. Milton.

6. (Geol.)

Defn: A layer or seam, or a horizontal stratum between layers; as, a
bed of coal, iron, etc.

7. (Gun.)

Defn: See Gun carriage, and Mortar bed.

8. (Masonry)
(a) The horizontal surface of a building stone; as, the upper and
lower beds.
(b) A course of stone or brick in a wall.
(c) The place or material in which a block or brick is laid.
(d) The lower surface of a brick, slate, or tile. Knight.

9. (Mech.)

Defn: The foundation or the more solid and fixed part or framing of a
machine; or a part on which something is laid or supported; as, the
bed of an engine.

10. The superficial earthwork, or ballast, of a railroad.

11. (Printing)

Defn: The flat part of the press, on which the form is laid.

Note: Bed is much used adjectively or in combination; as, bed key or
bedkey; bed wrench or bedwrench; bedchamber; bedmaker, etc. Bed of
justice (French Hist.), the throne (F. lit bed) occupied by the king
when sitting in one of his parliaments (judicial courts); hence, a
session of a refractory parliament, at which the king was present for
the purpose of causing his decrees to be registered.
 -- To be brought to bed, to be delivered of a child; -- often
followed by of; as, to be brought to bed of a son.
 -- To make a bed, to prepare a bed; to arrange or put in order a bed
and its bedding.
 -- From bed and board (Law), a phrase applied to a separation by
partial divorce of man and wife, without dissolving the bonds of
matrimony. If such a divorce (now commonly called a judicial
separation) be granted at the instance of the wife, she may have
alimony.

BED
Bed, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bedded; p. pr. & vb. n. Bedding.]

1. To place in a bed. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. To make partaker of one's bed; to cohabit with.
I'll to the Tuscan wars, and never bed her. Shak.

3. To furnish with a bed or bedding.

4. To plant or arrange in beds; to set, or cover, as in a bed of soft
earth; as, to bed the roots of a plant in mold.

5. To lay or put in any hollow place, or place of rest and security,
surrounded or inclosed; to embed; to furnish with or place upon a bed
or foundation; as, to bed a stone; it was bedded on a rock.
Among all chains or clusters of mountains where large bodies of still
water are bedded. Wordsworth.

6. (Masonry)

Defn: To dress or prepare the surface of stone) so as to serve as a
bed.

7. To lay flat; to lay in order; to place in a horizontal or
recumbent position. "Bedded hair." Shak.

BED
Bed, v. i.

Defn: To go to bed; to cohabit.
If he be married, and bed with his wife. Wiseman.

BEDABBLE
Be*dab*ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bedabbled (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bedabbling (.]

Defn: To dabble; to sprinkle or wet. Shak.

BEDAFF
Be*daff", v. t.

Defn: To make a daff or fool of. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BEDAGAT
Bed"a*gat, n.

Defn: The sacred books of the Buddhists in Burmah. Malcom.

BEDAGGLE
Be*dag"gle, v. t.

Defn: To daggle.

BEDASH
Be*dash", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bedashed (p. pr. & vb. n. Bedashing.]

Defn: To wet by dashing or throwing water or other liquid upon; to
bespatter. "Trees bedashed with rain." Shak.

BEDAUB
Be*daub", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bedaubed (p. pr. & vb. n. Bedaubing.]

Defn: To daub over; to besmear or soil with anything thick and dirty.
Bedaub foul designs with a fair varnish. Barrow.

BEDAZZLE
Be*daz"zle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bedazzled (p. pr. & vb. n. Bedazzling
(

Defn: To dazzle or make dim by a strong light. "Bedazzled with the
sun." Shak.

BEDBUG
Bed"bug`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wingless, bloodsucking, hemipterous insect (Cimex
Lectularius), sometimes infesting houses and especially beds. See
Illustration in Appendix.

BEDCHAIR
Bed"chair`, n.

Defn: A chair with adjustable back, for the sick, to support them
while sitting up in bed.

BEDCHAMBER
Bed"cham`ber, n.

Defn: A chamber for a bed; an apartment form sleeping in. Shak. Lords
of the bedchamber, eight officers of the royal household, all of
noble families, who wait in turn a week each. [Eng.] -- Ladies of the
bedchamber, eight ladies, all titled, holding a similar official
position in the royal household, during the reign of a queen. [Eng.]

BEDCLOTHES
Bed"clothes`, n. pl.

Defn: Blankets, sheets, coverlets, etc., for a bed. Shak.

BEDCORD
Bed"cord`, n.

Defn: A cord or rope interwoven in a bedstead so as to support the
bed.

BEDDED
Bed"ded, a.

Defn: Provided with a bed; as, double-bedded room; placed or arranged
in a bed or beds.

BEDDING
Bed"ding, n. Etym: [AS. bedding, beding. See Bed.]

1. A bed and its furniture; the materials of a bed, whether for man
or beast; bedclothes; litter.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: The state or position of beds and layers.

BEDE
Bede, v. t. Etym: [See Bid, v. t.]

Defn: To pray; also, to offer; to proffer. [Obs.] R. of Gloucester.
Chaucer.

BEDE
Bede, n. (Mining)

Defn: A kind of pickax.

BEDECK
Be*deck", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bedecked (p. pr. & vb. n. Bedecking.]

Defn: To deck, ornament, or adorn; to grace.
Bedecked with boughs, flowers, and garlands. Pennant.

BEDEGUAR; BEDEGAR
Bed"e*guar, Bed"e*gar, n. Etym: [F., fr. Per. bad-award, or bad-
awardag, prop., a kind of white thorn or thistle.]

Defn: A gall produced on rosebushes, esp. on the sweetbrier or
eglantine, by a puncture from the ovipositor of a gallfly (Rhodites
rosæ). It was once supposed to have medicinal properties.

BEDEHOUSE
Bede"house`

Defn: ,n.Same as Beadhouse.

BEDEL; BEDELL
Be"del, Be"dell

Defn: ,n.Same as Beadle.

BEDELRY
Be"del*ry, n.

Defn: Beadleship. [Obs.] Blount.

BEDEN
Bed"en, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Abyssinian or Arabian ibex (Capra Nubiana). It is probably
the wild goat of the Bible.

BEDESMAN
Bedes"man, n.

Defn: Same as Beadsman. [Obs.]

BEDEVIL
Be*dev"il, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bedevilled (p. pr. & vb. n. Bedeviling
or Bedevilling.]

1. To throw into utter disorder and confusion, as if by the agency of
evil spirits; to bring under diabolical influence; to torment.
Bedeviled and used worse than St. Bartholomew. Sterne.

2. To spoil; to corrupt. Wright.

BEDEVILMENT
Be*dev"il*ment, n.

Defn: The state of being bedeviled; bewildering confusion; vexatious
trouble. [Colloq.]

BEDEW
Be*dew", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bedewed (p. pr. & vb. n. Bedewing.]

Defn: To moisten with dew, or as with dew. "Falling tears his face
bedew." Dryden.

BEDEWER
Be*dew"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, bedews.

BEDEWY
Be*dew"y, a.

Defn: Moist with dew; dewy. [Obs.]
Night with her bedewy wings. A. Brewer.

BEDFELLOW
Bed"fel`low, n.

Defn: One who lies with another in the same bed; a person who shares
one's couch.

BEDFERE; BEDPHERE
Bed"fere` Bed"phere`, n. Etym: [Bed + AS. fera a companion.]

Defn: A bedfellow. [Obs.] Chapman.

BEDGOWN
Bed"gown`, n.

Defn: A nightgown.

BEDIGHT
Be*dight", v. t. [p. p. Bedight, Bedighted.]

Defn: To bedeck; to array or equip; to adorn. [Archaic] Milton.

BEDIM
Be*dim", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bedimmed (p. pr. & vb. n. Bedimming.]

Defn: To make dim; to obscure or darken. Shak.

BEDIZEN
Be*diz"en, v. t.

Defn: To dress or adorn tawdrily or with false taste.
Remnants of tapestried hangings, . . . and shreds of pictures with
which he had bedizened his tatters. Sir W. Scott.

BEDIZENMENT
Be*diz"en*ment, n.

Defn: That which bedizens; the act of dressing, or the state of being
dressed, tawdrily.

BEDKEY
Bed"key`, n.

Defn: An instrument for tightening the parts of a bedstead.

BEDLAM
Bed"lam, n. Etym: [See Bethlehem.]

1. A place appropriated to the confinement and care of the insane; a
madhouse. Abp. Tillotson.

2. An insane person; a lunatic; a madman. [Obs.]
Let's get the bedlam to lead him. Shak.

3. Any place where uproar and confusion prevail.

BEDLAM
Bed"lam, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or fit for, a madhouse. "The bedlam, brainsick
duchess." Shak.

BEDLAMITE
Bed"lam*ite, n.

Defn: An inhabitant of a madhouse; a madman. "Raving bedlamites."
Beattie.

BEDMAKER
Bed"mak`er, n.

Defn: One who makes beds.

BED-MOLDING; BED-MOULDING
Bed"-mold`ing Bed"-mould`ing, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The molding of a cornice immediately below the corona. Oxf.
Gloss.

BEDOTE
Be*dote", v. t.

Defn: To cause to dote; to deceive. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BEDOUIN
Bed"ou*in, n. Etym: [F. bédouin, OF. béduin, fr. Ar. bedawi rural,
living in the desert, fr. badw desert, fr. bada to live in the
desert, to lead a nomadic life.]

Defn: One of the nomadic Arabs who live in tents, and are scattered
over Arabia, Syria, and northern Africa, esp. in the deserts.
 -- Bed"ou*in*ism (, n.

BEDOUIN
Bed"ou*in, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the Bedouins; nomad.

BEDPAN
Bed"pan`, n.

1. A pan for warming beds. Nares.

2. A shallow chamber vessel, so constructed that it can be used by a
sick person in bed.

BEDPHERE
Bed"phere`, n.

Defn: See Bedfere. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

BEDPIECE; BEDPLATE
Bed"piece`, Bed"plate`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: The foundation framing or piece, by which the other parts are
supported and held in place; the bed; -- called also baseplate and
soleplate.

BEDPOST
Bed"post`, n.

1. One of the four standards that support a bedstead or the canopy
over a bedstead.

2. Anciently, a post or pin on each side of the bed to keep the
clothes from falling off. See Bedstaff. Brewer.

BEDQUILT
Bed"quilt`, n.

Defn: A quilt for a bed; a coverlet.

BEDRABBLE
Be*drab"ble, v. t.

Defn: To befoul with rain and mud; to drabble.

BEDRAGGLE
Be*drag"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bedraggled (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bedraggling (.]

Defn: To draggle; to soil, as garments which, in walking, are
suffered to drag in dust, mud, etc. Swift.

BEDRENCH
Be*drench", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bedrenched (p. pr. & vb. n.
Bedrenching.]

Defn: To drench; to saturate with moisture; to soak. Shak.

BEDRIBBLE
Be*drib"ble, v. t.

Defn: To dribble upon.

BEDRID; BEDRIDDEN
Bed"rid`, Bed"rid`den, a. Etym: [OE. bedrede, AS. bedreda, bedrida;
from bed, bedd, a bed or couch + ridda a rider; cf. OHG. pettiriso,
G. bettrise. See Bed, n., and Ride, v. i. ]

Defn: Confined to the bed by sickness or infirmity. "Her decrepit,
sick, and bedrid father." Shak. "The estate of a bedridden old
gentleman." Macaulay.

BEDRIGHT; BEDRITE
Bed"right` Bed"rite`, n. Etym: [Bed + right, rite.]

Defn: The duty or privilege of the marriage bed. Shak.

BEDRIZZLE
Be*driz"zle, v. t.

Defn: To drizzle upon.

BED ROCK
Bed" rock". (Mining)

Defn: The solid rock underlying superficial formations. Also Fig.

BEDROOM
Bed"room, n.

1. A room or apartment intended or used for a bed; a lodging room.

2. Room in a bed.

Note: [In this sense preferably bed room.]
Then by your side no bed room me deny. Shak.

BEDROP
Be*drop", v. t.

Defn: To sprinkle, as with drops.
The yellow carp, in scales bedropped with gold. Pope.

BEDRUG
Be*drug", v. t.

Defn: To drug abundantly or excessively.

BED SCREW
Bed" screw`.

1. (Naut.) A form of jack screw for lifting large bodies, and
assisting in launching.

2. A long screw formerly used to fasten a bedpost to one of the
adjacent side pieces.

BEDSIDE
Bed"side`, n.

Defn: The side of a bed.

BEDSITE
Bed"site`, n.

Defn: A recess in a room for a bed.
Of the three bedrooms, two have fireplaces, and all are of fair size,
with windows and bedsite well placed. Quart. Rev.

BEDSORE
Bed"sore`, n. (Med.)

Defn: A sore on the back or hips caused by lying for a long time in
bed.

BEDSPREAD
Bed"spread`, n.

Defn: A bedquilt; a counterpane; a coverlet. [U. S.]

BEDSTAFF
Bed"staff`, n.; pl. Bedstaves (.

Defn: "A wooden pin stuck anciently on the sides of the bedstead, to
hold the clothes from slipping on either side." Johnson.
Hostess, accommodate us with a bedstaff. B. Jonson.
Say there is no virtue in cudgels and bedstaves. Brome.

BEDSTEAD
Bed"stead, n. Etym: [Bed + stead a frame.]

Defn: A framework for supporting a bed.

BED STEPS
Bed" steps`.

Defn: Steps for mounting a bed of unusual height.

BEDSTOCK
Bed"stock, n.

Defn: The front or the back part of the frame of a bedstead. [Obs. or
Dial. Eng.]

BEDSTRAW
Bed"straw`, n.

1. Straw put into a bed. Bacon.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of slender herbs, usually with square stems, whorled
leaves, and small white flowers. Our Lady's bedstraw, which has
yellow flowers, is Galium verum.
 -- White bedstraw is G. mollugo.

BEDSWERVER
Bed"swerv`er, n.

Defn: One who swerves from and is unfaithful to the marriage vow.
[Poetic] Shak.

BEDTICK
Bed"tick`, n.

Defn: A tick or bag made of cloth, used for inclosing the materials
of a bed.

BEDTIME
Bed"time`, n.

Defn: The time to go to bed. Shak.

BEDUCK
Be*duck", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beducked (.]

Defn: To duck; to put the head under water; to immerse. "Deep himself
beducked." Spenser.

BEDUIN
Bed"uin, n.

Defn: See Bedouin.

BEDUNG
Be*dung", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bedunged.]

Defn: To cover with dung, as for manuring; to bedaub or defile,
literally or figuratively. Bp. Hall.

BEDUST
Be*dust", v. t.

Defn: To sprinkle, soil, or cover with dust. Sherwood.

BEDWARD
Bed"ward, adv.

Defn: Towards bed.

BEDWARF
Be*dwarf", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bedwarfed.]

Defn: To make a dwarf of; to stunt or hinder the growth of; to dwarf.
Donne.

BEDYE
Be*dye", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bedyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bedyeing.]

Defn: To dye or stain.
Briton fields with Sarazin blood bedyed. Spenser.

BEE
Bee,

Defn: p. p. of Be; -- used for been. [Obs.] Spenser.

BEE
Bee, n. Etym: [AS. beó; akin to D. bij and bije, Icel. b, Sw. & Dan.
bi, OHG. pini, G. biene, and perh. Ir. beach, Lith. bitis, Skr. bha.
sq. root97.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect of the order Hymenoptera, and family Apidæ (the
honeybees), or family Andrenidæ (the solitary bees.) See Honeybee.

Note: There are many genera and species. The common honeybee (Apis
mellifica) lives in swarms, each of which has its own queen, its
males or drones, and its very numerous workers, which are barren
females. Besides the A. mellifica there are other species and
varieties of honeybees, as the A. ligustica of Spain and Italy; the
A. Indica of India; the A. fasciata of Egypt. The bumblebee is a
species of Bombus. The tropical honeybees belong mostly to Melipoma
and Trigona.

2. A neighborly gathering of people who engage in united labor for
the benefit of an individual or family; as, a quilting bee; a husking
bee; a raising bee. [U. S.]
The cellar . . . was dug by a bee in a single day. S. G. Goodrich.

3. pl. Etym: [Prob. fr. AS. beáh ring, fr. b to bend. See 1st Bow.]
(Naut.)

Defn: Pieces of hard wood bolted to the sides of the bowsprit, to
reeve the fore-topmast stays through; -- called also bee blocks. Bee
beetle (Zoöl.), a beetle (Trichodes apiarius) parasitic in beehives.
 -- Bee bird (Zoöl.), a bird that eats the honeybee, as the European
flycatcher, and the American kingbird.
 -- Bee flower (Bot.), an orchidaceous plant of the genus Ophrys (O.
apifera), whose flowers have some resemblance to bees, flies, and
other insects.
 -- Bee fly (Zoöl.), a two winged fly of the family Bombyliidæ. Some
species, in the larval state, are parasitic upon bees.
 -- Bee garden, a garden or inclosure to set beehives in ; an apiary.
Mortimer.
 -- Bee glue, a soft, unctuous matter, with which bees cement the
combs to the hives, and close up the cells; -- called also propolis.
 -- Bee hawk (Zoöl.), the honey buzzard.
 -- Bee killer (Zoöl.), a large two-winged fly of the family Asilidæ
(esp. Trupanea apivora) which feeds upon the honeybee. See Robber
fly.
 -- Bee louse (Zoöl.), a minute, wingless, dipterous insect (Braula
cæca) parasitic on hive bees.
 -- Bee martin (Zoöl.), the kingbird (Tyrannus Carolinensis) which
occasionally feeds on bees.
 -- Bee moth (Zoöl.), a moth (Galleria cereana) whose larvæ feed on
honeycomb, occasioning great damage in beehives.
 -- Bee wolf (Zoöl.), the larva of the bee beetle. See Illust. of Bee
beetle.
 -- To have a bee in the head or in the bonnet. (a) To be choleric.
[Obs.] (b) To be restless or uneasy. B. Jonson. (c) To be full of
fancies; to be a little crazy. "She's whiles crack-brained, and has a
bee in her head." Sir W. Scott.

BEEBREAD
Bee"bread`, n.

Defn: A brown, bitter substance found in some of the cells of
honeycomb. It is made chiefly from the pollen of flowers, which is
collected by bees as food for their young.

BEECH
Beech, n.; pl. Beeches. Etym: [OE. beche, AS. b; akin to D. beuk,
OHG. buocha, G. buche, Icel. beyki, Dan. bög, Sw. bok, Russ. buk, L.
fagus, Gr. oak, to eat, Skr. bhaksh; the tree being named originally
from the esculent fruit. See Book, and cf. 7th Buck, Buckwheat.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A tree of the genus Fagus.

Note: It grows to a large size, having a smooth bark and thick
foliage, and bears an edible triangular nut, of which swine are fond.
The Fagus sylvatica is the European species, and the F. ferruginea
that of America. Beech drops (Bot.), a parasitic plant which grows on
the roots of beeches (Epiphegus Americana).
 -- Beech marten (Zoöl.), the stone marten of Europe (Mustela foina).
 -- Beech mast, the nuts of the beech, esp. as they lie under the
trees, in autumn.
 -- Beech oil, oil expressed from the mast or nuts of the beech tree.
 -- Cooper beech, a variety of the European beech with copper-
colored, shining leaves.

BEECHEN
Beech"en, a. Etym: [AS. b.]

Defn: Consisting, or made, of the wood or bark of the beech;
belonging to the beech. "Plain beechen vessels." Dryden.

BEECHNUT
Beech"nut`, n.

Defn: The nut of the beech tree.

BEECH TREE
Beech" tree`.

Defn: The beech.

BEECHY
Beech"y, a.

Defn: Of or relating to beeches.

BEE-EATER
Bee"-eat`er, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A bird of the genus Merops, that feeds on bees. The European
species (M. apiaster) is remarkable for its brilliant colors.
(b) An African bird of the genus Rhinopomastes.

BEEF
Beef, n. Etym: [OE. boef, befe, beef, OF. boef, buef, F. b, fr. L.
bos, bovis, ox; akin to Gr. , Skr. g cow, and E. cow. See 2d Cow.]

1. An animal of the genus Bos, especially the common species, B.
taurus, including the bull, cow, and ox, in their full grown state;
esp., an ox or cow fattened for food.

Note: [In this, which is the original sense, the word has a plural,
beeves (.]
A herd of beeves, fair oxen and fair kine. Milton.

2. The flesh of an ox, or cow, or of any adult bovine animal, when
slaughtered for food.

Note: [In this sense, the word has no plural.] "Great meals of beef."
Shak.

3. Applied colloquially to human flesh.

BEEF
Beef, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, beef. Beef tea, essence of
beef, or strong beef broth.

BEEFEATER
Beef"eat`er, n. Etym: [Beef + eater; prob. one who eats another's
beef, as his servant. Cf. AS. hlaf servant, properly a loaf eater.]

1. One who eats beef; hence, a large, fleshy person.

2. One of the yeomen of the guard, in England.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African bird of the genus Buphaga, which feeds on the larvæ
of botflies hatched under the skin of oxen, antelopes, etc. Two
species are known.

BEEFSTEAK
Beef"steak`, n.

Defn: A steak of beef; a slice of beef broiled or suitable for
broiling.

BEEF-WITTED
Beef"-wit`ted, n.

Defn: Stupid; dull. Shak.

BEEFWOOD
Beef"wood`, n.

Defn: An Australian tree (Casuarina), and its red wood, used for
cabinetwork; also, the trees Stenocarpus salignus of New South Wales,
and Banksia compar of Queensland.

BEEFY
Beef"y, a.

Defn: Having much beef; of the nature of beef; resembling beef;
fleshy.

BEEHIVE
Bee"hive`, n.

Defn: A hive for a swarm of bees. Also used figuratively.

Note: A common and typical form of beehive was a domeshaped inverted
basket, whence certain ancient Irish and Scotch architectural remains
are called beehive houses.

BEEHOUSE
Bee"house`, n.

Defn: A house for bees; an apiary.

BEE LARKSPUR
Bee" lark`spur.

Defn: (Bot.) See Larkspur.

BEELD
Beeld, n.

Defn: Same as Beild. Fairfax.

BEE LINE
Bee" line`.

Defn: The shortest line from one place to another, like that of a bee
to its hive when loaded with honey; an air line. "A bee line for the
brig." Kane.

BEELZEBUB
Be*el"ze*bub, n.

Defn: The title of a heathen deity to whom the Jews ascribed the
sovereignty of the evil spirits; hence, the Devil or a devil. See
Baal.

BEEM
Beem, n. Etym: [AS. b, b.]

Defn: A trumpet. [Obs.]

BEEMASTER
Bee"mas`ter, n.

Defn: One who keeps bees.

BEEN
Been. Etym: [OE. beon, ben, bin, p. p. of been, beon, to be. See Be.]

Defn: The past participle of Be. In old authors it is also the pr.
tense plural of Be. See 1st Bee.
Assembled been a senate grave and stout. Fairfax.

BEER
Beer, n. Etym: [OE. beor, ber, AS. beór; akin to Fries. biar, Icel.
bj, OHG. bior, D. & G. bier, and possibly E. brew. *93, See Brew.]

1. A fermented liquor made from any malted grain, but commonly from
barley malt, with hops or some other substance to impart a bitter
flavor.

Note: Beer has different names, as small beer, ale, porter, brown
stout, lager beer, according to its strength, or other qualities. See
Ale.

2. A fermented extract of the roots and other parts of various
plants, as spruce, ginger, sassafras, etc. Small beer, weak beer;
(fig.) insignificant matters. "To suckle fools, and chronicle small
beer." Shak.

BEEREGAR
Beer"e*gar, n. Etym: [Beer + eager.]

Defn: Sour beer. [Obs.]

BEERHOUSE
Beer"house`, n.

Defn: A house where malt liquors are sold; an alehouse.

BEERINESS
Beer"i*ness, n.

Defn: Beery condition.

BEERY
Beer"y, a.

Defn: Of or resembling beer; affected by beer; maudlin.

BEESTINGS
Beest"ings, n.

Defn: Same as Biestings.

BEESWAX
Bees"wax`, n.

Defn: The wax secreted by bees, and of which their cells are
constructed.

BEESWING
Bees"wing`, n.

Defn: The second crust formed in port and some other wines after long
keeping. It consists of pure, shining scales of tartar, supposed to
resemble the wing of a bee.

BEET
Beet, n. Etym: [AS. bete, from L. beta.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A biennial plant of the genus Beta, which produces an edible
root the first year and seed the second year.

2. The root of plants of the genus Beta, different species and
varieties of which are used for the table, for feeding stock, or in
making sugar.

Note: There are many varieties of the common beet (Beta vulgaris).
The Old "white beet", cultivated for its edible leafstalks, is a
distinct species (Beta Cicla).

BEETE; BETE
Beete, Bete, v. t. Etym: [AS. b to mend. See Better.]

1. To mend; to repair. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To renew or enkindle (a fire). [Obs.] Chaucer.

BEETLE
Bee"tle, n. Etym: [OE. betel, AS. bitl, b, mallet, hammer, fr. beátan
to beat. See Beat, v. t.]

1. A heavy mallet, used to drive wedges, beat pavements, etc.

2. A machine in which fabrics are subjected to a hammering process
while passing over rollers, as in cotton mills; -- called also
beetling machine. Knight.

BEETLE
Bee"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beetled; p. pr. & vb. n. Beetling.]

1. To beat with a heavy mallet.

2. To finish by subjecting to a hammering process in a beetle or
beetling machine; as, to beetle cotton goods.

BEETLE
Bee"tle, n. Etym: [OE. bityl, bittle, AS. b, fr. b to bite. See Bite,
v. t.]

Defn: Any insect of the order Coleoptera, having four wings, the
outer pair being stiff cases for covering the others when they are
folded up. See Coleoptera. Beetle mite (Zoöl.), one of many species
of mites, of the family Oribatidæ, parasitic on beetles.
 -- Black beetle, the common large black cockroach (Blatta
orientalis).

BEETLE
Bee"tle, v. i. Etym: [See Beetlebrowed.]

Defn: To extend over and beyond the base or support; to overhang; to
jut.
To the dreadful summit of the cliff That beetles o'er his base into
the sea. Shak.
Each beetling rampart, and each tower sublime. Wordsworth.

BEETLE BROW
Bee"tle brow`.

Defn: An overhanging brow.

BEETLE-BROWED
Bee"tle-browed`, a. Etym: [OE. bitelbrowed; cf. OE. bitel, adj.,
sharp, projecting, n., a beetle. See Beetle an insect.]

Defn: Having prominent, overhanging brows; hence, lowering or sullen.

Note: The earlier meaning was, "Having bushy or overhanging
eyebrows."

BEETLEHEAD
Bee"tle*head`, n. Etym: [Beetle a mallet + head.]

1. A stupid fellow; a blockhead. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The black-bellied plover, or bullhead (Squatarola helvetica).
See Plover.

BEETLE-HEADED
Bee"tle-head`ed, a.

Defn: Dull; stupid. Shak.

BEETLESTOCK
Bee"tle*stock`, n.

Defn: The handle of a beetle.

BEET RADISH
Beet" rad`ish.

Defn: Same as Beetrave.

BEETRAVE
Beet"rave`, n. Etym: [F. betterave; bette beet + rave radish.]

Defn: The common beet (Beta vulgaris).

BEEVE
Beeve, n. Etym: [Formed from beeves, pl. of beef.]

Defn: A beef; a beef creature.
They would knock down the first beeve they met with. W. Irving.

BEEVES
Beeves, n.

Defn: ; plural of Beef, the animal.

BEFALL
Be*fall", v. t. [imp. Befell; p. p. Befallen; p. pr. & vb. n.
Befalling.] Etym: [AS. befeallan; pref. be- + feallan to fall.]

Defn: To happen to.
I beseech your grace that I may know The worst that may befall me.
Shak.

BEFALL
Be*fall", v. i.

Defn: To come to pass; to happen.
I have revealed . . . the discord which befell. Milton.

BEFIT
Be*fit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Befitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Befitting.]

Defn: To be suitable to; to suit; to become.
That name best befits thee. Milton.

BEFITTING
Be*fit"ting, a.

Defn: Suitable; proper; becoming; fitting.

BEFITTINGLY
Be*fit"ting*ly, adv.

Defn: In a befitting manner; suitably.

BEFLATTER
Be*flat"ter, v. t.

Defn: To flatter excessively.

BEFLOWER
Be*flow"er, v. t.

Defn: To besprinkle or scatter over with, or as with, flowers.
Hobbes.

BEFOG
Be*fog", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Befogged; p. pr. & vb. n. Befogging.]

1. To involve in a fog; -- mostly as a participle or part. adj.

2. Hence: To confuse; to mystify.

BEFOOL
Be*fool", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Befooled; p. pr. & vb. n. Befooling.]
Etym: [OE. befolen; pref. be- + fol fool.]

1. To fool; to delude or lead into error; to infatuate; to deceive.
This story . . . contrived to befool credulous men. Fuller.

2. To cause to behave like a fool; to make foolish. "Some befooling
drug." G. Eliot.

BEFORE
Be*fore", prep. Etym: [OE. beforen, biforen, before, AS. beforan;
pref. be- + foran, fore, before. See Be-, and Fore.]

1. In front of; preceding in space; ahead of; as, to stand before the
fire; before the house.
His angel, who shall go Before them in a cloud and pillar of fire.
Milton.

2. Preceding in time; earlier than; previously to; anterior to the
time when; -- sometimes with the additional idea of purpose; in order
that.
Before Abraham was, I am. John viii. 58.
Before this treatise can become of use, two points are necessary.
Swift.

Note: Formerly before, in this sense, was followed by that. "Before
that Philip called thee . . . I saw thee." John i. 48.

3. An advance of; farther onward, in place or time.
The golden age . . . is before us. Carlyle.

4. Prior or preceding in dignity, order, rank, right, or worth;
rather than.
He that cometh after me is preferred before me. John i. 15.
The eldest son is before the younger in succession. Johnson.

5. In presence or sight of; face to face with; facing.
Abraham bowed down himself before the people. Gen. xxiii. 12.
Wherewith shall I come before the Lord Micah vi. 6.

6. Under the cognizance or jurisdiction of.
If a suit be begun before an archdeacon. Ayliffe.

7. Open for; free of access to; in the power of.
The world was all before them where to choose. Milton.
Before the mast (Naut.), as a common sailor, -- because the sailors
live in the forecastle, forward of the foremast.
 -- Before the wind (Naut.), in the direction of the wind and by its
impulse; having the wind aft.

BEFORE
Be*fore", adv.

1. On the fore part; in front, or in the direction of the front; --
opposed to in the rear.
The battle was before and behind. 2 Chron. xiii. 14.

2. In advance. "I come before to tell you." Shak.

3. In time past; previously; already.
You tell me, mother, what I knew before. Dryden.

4. Earlier; sooner than; until then.
When the butt is out, we will drink water; not a drop before. Shak.

Note: Before is often used in self-explaining compounds; as, before-
cited, before-mentioned; beforesaid.

BEFOREHAND
Be*fore"hand`, adv. Etym: [Before + hand.]

1. In a state of anticipation ore preoccupation; in advance; -- often
followed by with.
Agricola . . . resolves to be beforehand with the danger. Milton.
The last cited author has been beforehand with me. Addison.

2. By way of preparation, or preliminary; previously; aforetime.
They may be taught beforehand the skill of speaking. Hooker.

BEFOREHAND
Be*fore"hand`, a.

Defn: In comfortable circumstances as regards property; forehanded.
Rich and much beforehand. Bacon.

BEFORETIME
Be*fore"time`, adv.

Defn: Formerly; aforetime.
[They] dwelt in their tents, as beforetime. 2 Kings xiii. 5.

BEFORTUNE
Be*for"tune, v. t.

Defn: To befall. [Poetic]
I wish all good befortune you. Shak.

BEFOUL
Be*foul", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Befouled; p. pr. & vb. n. Befouling.]
Etym: [Cf. AS. bef; pref. be- + f to foul. See Foul, a.]

1. To make foul; to soil.

2. To entangle or run against so as to impede motion.

BEFRIEND
Be*friend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Befriended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Befriending.]

Defn: To act as a friend to; to favor; to aid, benefit, or
countenance.
By the darkness befriended. Longfellow.

BEFRIENDMENT
Be*friend"ment, n.

Defn: Act of befriending. [R.]

BEFRILL
Be*frill", v. t.

Defn: To furnish or deck with a frill.

BEFRINGE
Be*fringe", v. t.

Defn: To furnish with a fringe; to form a fringe upon; to adorn as
with fringe. Fuller.

BEFUDDLE
Be*fud"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Befuddled]

Defn: To becloud and confuse, as with liquor.

BEG
Beg, n. Etym: [Turk. beg, pronounced bay. Cf. Bey, Begum.]

Defn: A title of honor in Turkey and in some other parts of the East;
a bey.

BEG
Beg, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Begged; p. pr. & vb. n. Begging.] Etym: [OE.
beggen, perh. fr. AS. bedecian (akin to Goth. bedagwa beggar), biddan
to ask. (Cf. Bid, v. t.); or cf. beghard, beguin.]

1. To ask earnestly for; to entreat or supplicate for; to beseech.
I do beg your good will in this case. Shak.
[Joseph] begged the body of Jesus. Matt. xxvii. 58.

Note: Sometimes implying deferential and respectful, rather than
earnest, asking; as, I beg your pardon; I beg leave to disagree with
you.

2. To ask for as a charity, esp. to ask for habitually or from house
to house.
Yet have I not seen the righteous forsaken, nor his seed begging
bread. Ps. xxxvii. 25.

3. To make petition to; to entreat; as, to beg a person to grant a
favor.

4. To take for granted; to assume without proof.

5. (Old Law)

Defn: To ask to be appointed guardian for, or to ask to have a
guardian appointed for.
Else some will beg thee, in the court of wards. Harrington.
Hence: To beg (one) for a fool, to take him for a fool. I beg to, is
an elliptical expression for I beg leave to; as, I beg to inform you.
 -- To bag the question, to assume that which was to be proved in a
discussion, instead of adducing the proof or sustaining the point by
argument.
 -- To go a-begging, a figurative phrase to express the absence of
demand for something which elsewhere brings a price; as, grapes are
so plentiful there that they go a-begging.

Syn.
 -- To Beg, Ask, Request. To ask (not in the sense of inquiring) is
the generic term which embraces all these words. To request is only a
polite mode of asking. To beg, in its original sense, was to ask with
earnestness, and implied submission, or at least deference. At
present, however, in polite life, beg has dropped its original
meaning, and has taken the place of both ask and request, on the
ground of its expressing more of deference and respect. Thus, we beg
a person's acceptance of a present; we beg him to favor us with his
company; a tradesman begs to announce the arrival of new goods, etc.
Crabb remarks that, according to present usage, "we can never talk of
asking a person's acceptance of a thing, or of asking him to do us a
favor." This can be more truly said of usage in England than in
America.

BEG
Beg, v. i.

Defn: To ask alms or charity, especially to ask habitually by the
wayside or from house to house; to live by asking alms.
I can not dig; to beg I am ashamed. Luke xvi. 3.

BEGA
Be"ga, n.

Defn: See Bigha.

BEGEM
Be*gem", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Begemmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Begemming.]

Defn: To adorn with gems, or as with gems.
Begemmed with dewdrops. Sir W. Scott.
Those lonely realms bright garden isles begem. Shelley.

BEGET
Be*get", v. t. [imp. Begot, (Archaic) Begat (; p. p. Begot, Begotten
(; p. pr. & vb. n. Begetting.] Etym: [OE. bigiten, bigeten, to get,
beget, AS. begitan to get; pref. be- + gitan. See Get, v. t. ]

1. To procreate, as a father or sire; to generate; -- commonly said
of the father.
Yet they a beauteous offspring shall beget. Milton.

2. To get (with child.) [Obs.] Shak.

3. To produce as an effect; to cause to exist.
Love is begot by fancy. Granville.

BEGETTER
Be*get"ter, n.

Defn: One who begets; a father.

BEGGABLE
Beg"ga*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being begged.

BEGGAR
Beg"gar, n. Etym: [OE. beggere, fr. beg.]

1. One who begs; one who asks or entreats earnestly, or with
humility; a petitioner.

2. One who makes it his business to ask alms.

3. One who is dependent upon others for support; -- a contemptuous or
sarcastic use.

4. One who assumes in argument what he does not prove. Abp.
Tillotson.

BEGGAR
Beg"gar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beggared; p. pr. & vb. n. Beggaring.]

1. To reduce to beggary; to impoverish; as, he had beggared himself.
Milton.

2. To cause to seem very poor and inadequate.
It beggared all description. Shak.

BEGGARHOOD
Beg"gar*hood, n.

Defn: The condition of being a beggar; also, the class of beggars.

BEGGARISM
Beg"gar*ism, n.

Defn: Beggary. [R.]

BEGGARLINESS
Beg"gar*li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being beggarly; meanness.

BEGGARLY
Beg"gar*ly, a.

1. In the condition of, or like, a beggar; suitable for a beggar;
extremely indigent; poverty-stricken; mean; poor; contemptible. "A
bankrupt, beggarly fellow." South. "A beggarly fellowship." Swift.
"Beggarly elements." Gal. iv. 9.

2. Produced or occasioned by beggary. [Obs.]
Beggarly sins, that is, those sins which idleness and beggary usually
betray men to; such as lying, flattery, stealing, and dissimulation.
Jer. Taylor.

BEGGARLY
Beg"gar*ly, adv.

Defn: In an indigent, mean, or despicable manner; in the manner of a
beggar.

BEGGAR'S LICE
Beg"gar's lice`. (Bot.)

Defn: The prickly fruit or seed of certain plants (as some species of
Echinospermum and Cynoglossum) which cling to the clothing of those
who brush by them.

BEGGAR'S TICKS
Beg"gar's ticks`.

Defn: The bur marigold (Bidens) and its achenes, which are armed with
barbed awns, and adhere to clothing and fleeces with unpleasant
tenacity.

BEGGARY
Beg"gar*y, n. Etym: [OE. beggerie. See Beggar, n.]

1. The act of begging; the state of being a beggar; mendicancy;
extreme poverty.

2. Beggarly appearance. [R.]
The freedom and the beggary of the old studio. Thackeray.

Syn.
 -- Indigence; want; penury; mendicancy.

BEGGARY
Beg"gar*y, a.

Defn: Beggarly. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

BEGGESTERE
Beg"ge*stere, n. Etym: [Beg + -ster.]

Defn: A beggar. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BEGHARD; BEGUARD
Be*ghard" Be*guard", n. Etym: [F. bégard, béguard; cf. G. beghard,
LL. Beghardus, Begihardus, Begardus. Prob. from the root of beguine +
-ard or -hard. See Beguine.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of an association of religious laymen living in imitation
of the Beguines. They arose in the thirteenth century, were afterward
subjected to much persecution, and were suppressed by Innocent X. in
1650. Called also Beguins.

BEGILD
Be*gild", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Begilded or Begilt.]

Defn: To gild. B. Jonson.

BEGIN
Be*gin", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Began, Begun; p. pr. & vb. n.
Beginning.] Etym: [AS. beginnan (akin to OS. biginnan, D. & G.
beginnen, OHG. biginnan, Goth., du-ginnan, Sw. begynna, Dan.
begynde); pref. be- + an assumed ginnan. sq. root31. See Gin to
begin.]

1. To have or commence an independent or first existence; to take
rise; to commence.
Vast chain of being! which from God began. Pope.

2. To do the first act or the first part of an action; to enter upon
or commence something new, as a new form or state of being, or course
of action; to take the first step; to start. "Tears began to flow."
Dryden.
When I begin, I will also make an end. 1 Sam. iii. 12.

BEGIN
Be*gin", v. t.

1. To enter on; to commence.
Ye nymphs of Solyma ! begin the song. Pope.

2. To trace or lay the foundation of; to make or place a beginning
of.
The apostle begins our knowledge in the creatures, which leads us to
the knowledge of God. Locke.

Syn.
 -- To commence; originate; set about; start.

BEGIN
Be*gin", n.

Defn: Beginning. [Poetic & Obs.] Spenser.

BEGINNER
Be*gin"ner, n.

Defn: One who begins or originates anything. Specifically: A young or
inexperienced practitioner or student; a tyro.
A sermon of a new beginner. Swift.

BEGINNING
Be*gin"ning, n.

1. The act of doing that which begins anything; commencement of an
action, state, or space of time; entrance into being or upon a
course; the first act, effort, or state of a succession of acts or
states.
In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. Gen. i. 1.

2. That which begins or originates something; the first cause;
origin; source.
I am . . . the beginning and the ending. Rev. i. 8.

3. That which is begun; a rudiment or element.
Mighty things from small beginnings grow. Dryden.

4. Enterprise. "To hinder our beginnings." Shak.

Syn.
 -- Inception; prelude; opening; threshold; origin; outset;
foundation.

BEGIRD
Be*gird", v. t. [imp. Begirt, Begirded; p. p. Begirt; p. pr. & vb. n.
Begirding.] Etym: [AS. begyrdan (akin to Goth. bigairdan); pref. be-
+ gyrdan to gird.]

1. To bind with a band or girdle; to gird.

2. To surround as with a band; to encompass.

BEGIRDLE
Be*gir"dle, v. t.

Defn: To surround as with a girdle.

BEGIRT
Be*girt", v. t.

Defn: To encompass; to begird. Milton.

BEGLERBEG
Beg"ler*beg`, n. Etym: [Turk. beglerbeg, fr. beg, pl. begler. See
Beg, n.]

Defn: The governor of a province of the Ottoman empire, next in
dignity to the grand vizier.

BEGNAW
Be*gnaw", v. t. [p. p. Begnawed, (R.) Begnawn (.] Etym: [AS.
begnagan; pref. be- + gnagan to gnaw.]

Defn: To gnaw; to eat away; to corrode.
The worm of conscience still begnaw thy soul. Shak.

BEGOD
Be*god", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Begodded.]

Defn: To exalt to the dignity of a god; to deify. [Obs.] "Begodded
saints." South.

BEGOHM
Beg"ohm`, n. (Elec.)

Defn: A unit of resistance equal to one billion ohms, or one thousand
megohms.

BEGONE
Be*gone", interj. Etym: [Be, v. i. + gone, p. p.]

Defn: Go away; depart; get you gone.

BEGONE
Be*gone", p. p. Etym: [OE. begon, AS. bigan; pref. be- + gan to go.]

Defn: Surrounded; furnished; beset; environed (as in woe-begone).
[Obs.] Gower. Chaucer.

BEGONIA
Be*go"ni*a, n. Etym: [From Michel Begon, a promoter of botany.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, mostly of tropical America, many species of
which are grown as ornamental plants. The leaves are curiously one-
sided, and often exhibit brilliant colors.

BEGORE
Be*gore", v. t.

Defn: To besmear with gore.

BEGOT
Be*got",

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Beget.

BEGOTTEN
Be*got"ten,

Defn: p. p. of Beget.

BEGRAVE
Be*grave", v. t. Etym: [Pref. be- + grave; akin to G. begraben, Goth.
bigraban to dig a ditch around.]

Defn: To bury; also, to engrave. [Obs.] Gower.

BEGREASE
Be*grease", v. t.

Defn: To soil or daub with grease or other oily matter.

BEGRIME
Be*grime", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Begrimed; p. pr. & vb. n. Begriming.]

Defn: To soil with grime or dirt deeply impressed or rubbed in.
Books falling to pieces and begrimed with dust. Macaulay.

BEGRIMER
Be*grim"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, begrimes.

BEGRUDGE
Be*grudge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Begrudged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Begrudging.]

Defn: To grudge; to envy the possession of.

BEGUILE
Be*guile", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beguiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Beguiling.]

1. To delude by guile, artifice, or craft; to deceive or impose on,
as by a false statement; to lure.
The serpent beguiled me, and I did eat. Gen. iii. 13.

2. To elude, or evade by craft; to foil. [Obs.]
When misery could beguile the tyrant's rage. Shak.

3. To cause the time of to pass without notice; to relieve the tedium
or weariness of; to while away; to divert.
Ballads . . . to beguile his incessant wayfaring. W. Irving.

Syn.
 -- To delude; deceive; cheat; insnare; mislead; amuse; divert;
entertain.

BEGUILEMENT
Be*guile"ment, n.

Defn: The act of beguiling, or the state of being beguiled.

BEGUILER
Be*guil"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, beguiles.

BEGUILING
Be*guil"ing, a.

Defn: Alluring by guile; deluding; misleading; diverting.
 -- Be*guil"ing*ly, adv.

BEGUIN
Be`guin", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Beghard.

BEGUINAGE
Be`gui`nage", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A collection of small houses surrounded by a wall and occupied
by a community of Beguines.

BEGUINE
Be`guine", n. Etym: [F. béguine; LL. beguina, beghina; fr. Lambert le
Bègue (the Stammerer) the founder of the order. (Du Cange.)]

Defn: A woman belonging to one of the religious and charitable
associations or communities in the Netherlands, and elsewhere, whose
members live in beguinages and are not bound by perpetual vows.

BEGUM
Be"gum, n. Etym: [Per., fr. Turk., perh. properly queen mother, fr.
Turk. beg (see Beg, n.) + Ar. umm mother.]

Defn: In the East Indies, a princess or lady of high rank. Malcom.

BEGUN
Be*gun", p. p.

Defn: of Begin.

BEHALF
Be*half", n. Etym: [OE. on-behalve in the name of, bihalven by the
side of, fr. AS. healf half, also side, part: akin to G. halb half,
halber on account of. See Be-, and Half, n.]

Defn: Advantage; favor; stead; benefit; interest; profit; support;
defense; vindication.
In behalf of his mistress's beauty. Sir P. Sidney.
Against whom he had contracted some prejudice in behalf of his
nation. Clarendon.
In behalf of, in the interest of.
 -- On behalf of, on account of; on the part of.

BEHAPPEN
Be*hap"pen, v. t.

Defn: To happen to. [Obs.]

BEHAVE
Be*have", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Behaved; p. pr. & vb. n. Behaving.]
Etym: [AS. behabban to surround, restrain, detain (akin to G. gehaben
(obs.) to have, sich gehaben to behave or carry one's self); pref.
be- + habban to have. See Have, v. t. ]

1. To manage or govern in point of behavior; to discipline; to
handle; to restrain. [Obs.]
He did behave his anger ere 't was spent. Shak.

2. To carry; to conduct; to comport; to manage; to bear; -- used
reflexively.
Those that behaved themselves manfully. 2 Macc. ii. 21.

BEHAVE
Be*have", v. i.

Defn: To act; to conduct; to bear or carry one's self; as, to behave
well or ill.

Note: This verb is often used colloquially without an adverb of
manner; as, if he does not behave, he will be punished. It is also
often applied to inanimate objects; as, the ship behaved splendidly.

BEHAVIOR
Be*hav"ior, n.

Defn: Manner of behaving, whether good or bad; mode of conducting
one's self; conduct; deportment; carriage; -- used also of inanimate
objects; as, the behavior of a ship in a storm; the behavior of the
magnetic needle.
A gentleman that is very singular in his behavior. Steele.
To be upon one's good behavior, To be put upon one's good behavior,
to be in a state of trial, in which something important depends on
propriety of conduct.
 -- During good behavior, while (or so long as) one conducts one's
self with integrity and fidelity or with propriety.

Syn.
 -- Bearing; demeanor; manner.
 -- Behavior, Conduct. Behavior is the mode in which we have or bear
ourselves in the presence of others or toward them; conduct is the
mode of our carrying ourselves forward in the concerns of life.
Behavior respects our manner of acting in particular cases; conduct
refers to the general tenor of our actions. We may say of soldiers,
that their conduct had been praiseworthy during the whole campaign,
and their behavior admirable in every instance when they met the
enemy.

BEHEAD
Be*head", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beheaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Beheading.]
Etym: [OE. bihefden, AS. beheáfdian; pref. be- + heáfod head. See
Head.]

Defn: To sever the head from; to take off the head of.

BEHEADAL
Be*head"al

Defn: ,n.Beheading. [Modern]

BEHELD
Be*held",

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Behold.

BEHEMOTH
Be"he*moth, n. Etym: [Heb. behem, fr. Egyptian P-ehe-maut
hippopotamus.]

Defn: An animal, probably the hippopotamus, described in Job xl. 15-
24.

BEHEN; BEHN
Be"hen, Behn, n. Etym: [Per. & Ar. bahman, behmen, an herb, whose
leaves resemble ears of corn, saffron.] (Bot.)
(a) The Centaurea behen, or saw-leaved centaury.
(b) The Cucubalus behen, or bladder campion, now called Silene
inflata.
(c) The Statice limonium, or sea lavender.

BEHEST
Be*hest", n. Etym: [OE. biheste promise, command, AS. beh promise;
pref. be- + h command. See Hest, Hight.]

1. That which is willed or ordered; a command; a mandate; an
injunction.
To do his master's high behest. Sir W. Scott.

2. A vow; a promise. [Obs.]
The time is come that I should send it her, if I keep the behest that
I have made. Paston.

BEHEST
Be*hest", v. t.

Defn: To vow. [Obs.] Paston.

BEHETE
Be*hete", v. t.

Defn: See Behight. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BEHIGHT
Be*hight", v. t. [imp. Behight; p. p. Behight, Behoten.] Etym: [OE.
bihaten, AS. behatan to vow, promise; pref. be- + hatan to call,
command. See Hight, v.] [Obs. in all its senses.]

1. To promise; to vow.
Behight by vow unto the chaste Minerve. Surrey.

2. To give in trust; to commit; to intrust.
The keys are to thy hand behight. Spenser.

3. To adjudge; to assign by authority.
The second was to Triamond behight. Spenser.

4. To mean, or intend.
More than heart behighteth. Mir. for Mag.

5. To consider or esteem to be; to declare to be.
All the lookers-on him dead behight. Spenser.

6. To call; to name; to address.
Whom . . . he knew and thus behight. Spenser.

7. To command; to order.
He behight those gates to be unbarred. Spenser.

BEHIGHT
Be*hight", n.

Defn: A vow; a promise. [Obs.] Surrey.

BEHIND
Be*hind", prep. Etym: [AS. behindan; pref. be- + hindan. See Hind,
a.]

1. On the side opposite the front or nearest part; on the back side
of; at the back of; on the other side of; as, behind a door; behind a
hill.
A tall Brabanter, behind whom I stood. Bp. Hall.

2. Left after the departure of, whether this be by removing to a
distance or by death.
A small part of what he left behind him. Pope.

3. Left a distance by, in progress of improvement Hence: Inferior to
in dignity, rank, knowledge, or excellence, or in any achievement.
I was not a whit behind the very chiefest apostles. 2 Cor. xi. 5.

BEHIND
Be*hind", adv.

1. At the back part; in the rear. "I shall not lag behind." Milton.

2. Toward the back part or rear; backward; as, to look behind.

3. Not yet brought forward, produced, or exhibited to view; out of
sight; remaining.
We can not be sure that there is no evidence behind. Locke.

4. Backward in time or order of succession; past.
Forgetting those things which are behind. Phil. ii. 13.

5. After the departure of another; as, to stay behind.
Leave not a rack behind. Shak.

BEHIND
Be*hind", n.

Defn: The backside; the rump. [Low]

BEHINDHAND
Be*hind"hand`, adv. & a. Etym: [Behind + hand.]

1. In arrears financially; in a state where expenditures have
exceeded the receipt of funds.

2. In a state of backwardness, in respect to what is seasonable or
appropriate, or as to what should have been accomplished; not equally
forward with some other person or thing; dilatory; backward; late;
tardy; as, behindhand in studies or in work.
In this also [dress] the country are very much behindhand. Addison.

BEHITHER
Be*hith"er, prep.

Defn: On this side of. [Obs.]
Two miles behither Clifden. Evelyn.

BEHOLD
Be*hold", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beheld ( (p. p. formerly Beholden (,
now used only as a p. a.); p. pr. & vb. n. Beholding.] Etym: [OE.
bihalden, biholden, AS. behealdan to hold, have in sight; pref. be- +
healdan to hold, keep; akin to G. behalten to hold, keep. See Hold.]

Defn: To have in sight; to see clearly; to look at; to regard with
the eyes.
When he beheld the serpent of brass, he lived. Num. xxi. 9.
Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world. John.
i. 29.

Syn.
 -- To scan; gaze; regard; descry; view; discern.

BEHOLD
Be*hold", v. i.

Defn: To direct the eyes to, or fix them upon, an object; to look; to
see.
And I beheld, and, lo, in the midst of the throne, . . . a lamb as it
had been slain. Rev. v. 6.

BEHOLDEN
Be*hold"en, p. a. Etym: [Old p. p. of behold, used in the primitive
sense of the simple verb hold.]

Defn: Obliged; bound in gratitude; indebted.
But being so beholden to the Prince. Tennyson.

BEHOLDER
Be*hold"er, n.

Defn: One who beholds; a spectator.

BEHOLDING
Be*hold"ing, a.

Defn: Obliged; beholden. [Obs.]
I was much bound and beholding to the right reverend father. Robynson
(More's Utopia).
So much hath Oxford been beholding to her nephews, or sister's
children. Fuller.

BEHOLDING
Be*hold"ing, n.

Defn: The act of seeing; sight; also, that which is beheld. Shak.

BEHOLDINGNESS
Be*hold"ing*ness, n.

Defn: , The state of being obliged or beholden. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

BEHOOF
Be*hoof", n. Etym: [OE. to bihove for the use of, AS. beh advantage,
a word implied in beh necessary; akin to Sw. behof, Dan. behov, G.
behuf, and E. heave, the root meaning to seize, hence the meanings
"to hold, make use of." See Heave, v. t.]

Defn: Advantage; profit; benefit; interest; use.
No mean recompense it brings To your behoof. Milton.

BEHOOVABLE
Be*hoov"a*ble, a.

Defn: Supplying need; profitable; advantageous. [Obs.] Udall.

BEHOOVE
Be*hoove", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Behooved; p. pr. & vb. n. Behooving.]
Etym: [OE. bihoven, behoven, AS. beh to have need of, fr. beh. See
Behoof.]

Defn: To be necessary for; to be fit for; to be meet for, with
respect to necessity, duty, or convenience; -- mostly used
impersonally.
And thus it behooved Christ to suffer. Luke xxiv. 46.
[Also written behove.]

BEHOOVE
Be*hoove", v. i.

Defn: To be necessary, fit, or suitable; to befit; to belong as due.
Chaucer.

BEHOOVE
Be*hoove", n.

Defn: Advantage; behoof. [Obs.]
It shall not be to his behoove. Gower.

BEHOOVEFUL
Be*hoove"ful, a.

Defn: Advantageous; useful; profitable. [Archaic] -- Be*hoove"ful*ly,
adv.
 -- Be*hoove"ful*ness, n. [Archaic]

BEHOVE
Be*hove", v.

Defn: , and derivatives. See Behoove, & c.

BEHOVELY
Be*hove"ly, a. & adv.

Defn: Useful, or usefully. [Obs.]

BEHOWL
Be*howl", v. t.

Defn: To howl at. [Obs.]
The wolf behowls the moon. Shak.

BEIGE
Beige, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Debeige.

BEILD
Beild, n. Etym: [Prob. from the same root as build, v. t.]

Defn: A place of shelter; protection; refuge. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
[Also written bield and beeld.]
The random beild o' clod or stane. Burns.

BEING
Be"ing, p. pr. from Be.

Defn: Existing.

Note: Being was formerly used where we now use having. "Being to go
to a ball in a few days." Miss Edgeworth.

Note: In modern usage, is, are, was or were being, with a past
participle following (as built, made, etc.) indicates the process
toward the completed result expressed by the participle. The form is
or was building, in this passive signification, is idiomatic, and, if
free from ambiguity, is commonly preferable to the modern is or was
being built. The last form of speech is, however, sufficiently
authorized by approved writers. The older expression was is, or was,
a-building or in building.
A man who is being strangled. Lamb.
While the article on Burns was being written. Froude.
Fresh experience is always being gained. Jowett (Thucyd. )

BEING
Be"ing, n.

1. Existence, as opposed to nonexistence; state or sphere of
existence.
In Him we live, and move, and have our being. Acts xvii. 28.

2. That which exists in any form, whether it be material or
spiritual, actual or ideal; living existence, as distinguished from a
thing without life; as, a human being; spiritual beings.
What a sweet being is an honest mind ! Beau. & Fl.
A Being of infinite benevolence and power. Wordsworth.

3. Lifetime; mortal existence. [Obs.]
Claudius, thou Wast follower of his fortunes in his being. Webster
(1654).

4. An abode; a cottage. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.
It was a relief to dismiss them [Sir Roger's servants] into little
beings within my manor. Steele.

BEING
Be"ing, adv.

Defn: Since; inasmuch as. [Obs. or Colloq.]
And being you have Declined his means, you have increased his malice.
Beau. & Fl.

BEJADE
Be*jade", v. t.

Defn: To jade or tire. [Obs.] Milton.

BEJAPE
Be*jape", v. t.

Defn: To jape; to laugh at; to deceive. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BEJAUNDICE
Be*jaun"dice, v. t.

Defn: To infect with jaundice.

BEJEWEL
Be*jew"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bejeweled or Bejewelled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Bejeweling or Bejewelling.]

Defn: To ornament with a jewel or with jewels; to spangle. "Bejeweled
hands." Thackeray.

BEJUCO
Be*ju"co, n. [Sp., a reed or woody vine.]

Defn: Any climbing woody vine of the tropics with the habit of a
liane; in the Philippines, esp. any of various species of Calamus,
the cane or rattan palm.

BEJUMBLE
Be*jum"ble, v. t.

Defn: To jumble together.

BEKAH
Be"kah, n. Etym: [Heb.]

Defn: Half a shekel.

BEKNAVE
Be*knave", v. t.

Defn: To call knave. [Obs.] Pope.

BEKNOW
Be*know", v. t.

Defn: To confess; to acknowledge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BEL
Bel, n.

Defn: The Babylonian name of the god known among the Hebrews as Baal.
See Baal. Baruch vi. 41.

BELABOR
Be*la"bor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Belabored; p. pr. & vb. n.
Belaboring.]

1. To ply diligently; to work carefully upon. "If the earth is
belabored with culture, it yieldeth corn." Barrow.

2. To beat soundly; to cudgel.
Ajax belabors there a harmless ox. Dryden.

BEL-ACCOYLE
Bel`-ac*coyle", n. Etym: [F. bel beautiful + accueil reception.]

Defn: A kind or favorable reception or salutation. [Obs.]

BELACE
Be*lace", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Belaced.]

1. To fasten, as with a lace or cord. [Obs.]

2. To cover or adorn with lace. [Obs.] Beaumont.

3. To beat with a strap. See Lace. [Obs.] Wright.

BELAM
Be*lam", v. t. Etym: [See Lam.]

Defn: To beat or bang. [Prov. & Low, Eng.] Todd.

BELAMOUR
Bel"a*mour, n. Etym: [F. bel amour fair love.]

1. A lover. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. A flower, but of what kind is unknown. [Obs.]
Her snowy brows, like budded belamours. Spenser.

BELAMY
Bel"a*my, n. Etym: [F. bel ami fair friend.]

Defn: Good friend; dear friend. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BELATE
Be*late", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Belated; p. pr. & vb. n. Belating.]

Defn: To retard or make too late. Davenant.

BELATED
Be*lat"ed, a.

Defn: Delayed beyond the usual time; too late; overtaken by night;
benighted. "Some belated peasant." Milton.
 -- Be*lat"ed*ness, n. Milton.

BELAUD
Be*laud", v. t.

Defn: To laud or praise greatly.

BELAY
Be*lay", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Belaid, Belayed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Belaying.] Etym: [For senses 1 & 2, D. beleggen to cover, belay; akin
to E. pref. be-, and lay to place: for sense 3, OE. beleggen, AS.
belecgan. See pref. Be-, and Lay to place.]

1. To lay on or cover; to adorn. [Obs.]
Jacket . . . belayed with silver lace. Spenser.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To make fast, as a rope, by taking several turns with it round
a pin, cleat, or kevel. Totten.

3. To lie in wait for with a view to assault. Hence: to block up or
obstruct. [Obs.] Dryden. Belay thee! Stop.

BELAYING PIN
Be*lay"ing pin`. (Naut.)

Defn: A strong pin in the side of a vessel, or by the mast, round
which ropes are wound when they are fastened or belayed.

BELCH
Belch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Belched; p. pr. & vb. n. Belching.] Etym:
[OE. belken, AS. bealcan, akin to E. bellow. See Bellow, v. i.]

1. To eject or throw up from the stomach with violence; to eruct.
I belched a hurricane of wind. Swift.

2. To eject violently from within; to cast forth; to emit; to give
vent to; to vent.
Within the gates that now Stood open wide, belching outrageous flame.
Milton.

BELCH
Belch, v. i.

1. To eject wind from the stomach through the mouth; to eructate.

2. To issue with spasmodic force or noise. Dryden.

BELCH
Belch, n.

1. The act of belching; also, that which is belched; an eructation.

2. Malt liquor; -- vulgarly so called as causing eructation. [Obs.]
Dennis.

BELCHER
Belch"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, belches.

BELDAM; BELDAME
Bel"dam Bel"dame, n. Etym: [Pref. bel-, denoting relationship + dame
mother: cf. F. belledame fair lady, It. belladonna. See Belle, and
Dame.]

1. Grandmother; -- corresponding to belsire.
To show the beldam daughters of her daughter. Shak.

2. An old woman in general; especially, an ugly old woman; a hag.
Around the beldam all erect they hang. Akenside.

BELEAGUER
Be*lea"guer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beleaguered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Beleaguering.] Etym: [D. belegeren (akin to G. belagern, Sw. belägra,
Dan. beleire); pref. be- = E. be- + leger bed, camp, army, akin to E.
lair. See Lair.]

Defn: To surround with an army so as to preclude escape; to besiege;
to blockade.
The wail of famine in beleaguered towns. Longfellow.

Syn.
 -- To block up; environ; invest; encompass.

BELEAGUERER
Be*lea"guer*er, n.

Defn: One who beleaguers.

BELEAVE
Be*leave", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Beleft.]

Defn: To leave or to be left. [Obs.] May.

BELECTURE
Be*lec"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Belectured; p. pr. & vb. n.
Belecturing.]

Defn: To vex with lectures; to lecture frequently.

BELEE
Be*lee", v. t.

Defn: To place under the lee, or unfavorably to the wind. Shak.

BELEMNITE
Be*lem"nite, n. Etym: [Gr. dart, fr. dart, fr. to throw: cf. F.
bélemnite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A conical calcareous fossil, tapering to a point at the lower
extremity, with a conical cavity at the other end, where it is
ordinarily broken; but when perfect it contains a small chambered
cone, called the phragmocone, prolonged, on one side, into a delicate
concave blade; the thunderstone. It is the internal shell of a
cephalopod related to the sepia, and belonging to an extinct family.
The belemnites are found in rocks of the Jurassic and Cretaceous
ages.
 -- Bel*em*nit"ic, a.

BELEPER
Be*lep"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Belepered.]

Defn: To infect with leprosy. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

BEL-ESPRIT
Bel"-es*prit", n.; pl. Beaux-esprits. Etym: [F., fine wit.]

Defn: A fine genius, or man of wit. "A man of letters and a bel
esprit." W. Irving.

BELFRY
Bel"fry, n. Etym: [OE. berfray movable tower used in sieges, OF.
berfreit, berfroit, F. beffroi, fr. MHG. bervrit, bercvrit, G.
bergfriede, fr. MHG. bergen to protect (G. bergen to conceal) + vride
peace, protection, G. friede peace; in compounds often taken in the
sense of security, or place of security; orig. therefore a place
affording security. G. friede is akin to E. free. See Burg, and
Free.]

1. (Mil. Antiq.)

Defn: A movable tower erected by besiegers for purposes of attack and
defense.

2. A bell tower, usually attached to a church or other building, but
sometimes separate; a campanile.

3. A room in a tower in which a bell is or may be hung; or a cupola
or turret for the same purpose.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: The framing on which a bell is suspended.

BELGARD
Bel*gard", n. Etym: [It. bel guardo.]

Defn: A sweet or loving look. [Obs.] Spenser.

BELGIAN
Bel"gi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Belgium.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Belgium.

BELGIAN BLOCK
Belgian block.

Defn: A nearly cubical block of some tough stone, esp. granite, used
as a material for street pavements. Its usual diameter is 5 to 7
inches.

BELGIC
Bel"gic, a. Etym: [L. Belgicus, fr. Belgae the Belgians.]

1. Of or pertaining to the Belgæ, a German tribe who anciently
possessed the country between the Rhine, the Seine, and the ocean.
How unlike their Belgic sires of old. Goldsmith.

2. Of or pertaining to the Netherlands or to Belgium.

BELGRAVIAN
Bel*gra"vi*an, a.

Defn: Belonging to Belgravia (a fashionable quarter of London, around
Pimlico), or to fashionable life; aristocratic.

BELIAL
Be"li*al, n. Etym: [Heb. beli ya'al; beli without + ya'al profit.]

Defn: An evil spirit; a wicked and unprincipled person; the
personification of evil.
What concord hath Christ with Belia 2 Cor. vi. 15.
A son (or man) of Belial, a worthless, wicked, or thoroughly depraved
person. 1 Sam. ii. 12.

BELIBEL
Be*li"bel, v. t. Etym: [See Libel, v. t. ]

Defn: To libel or traduce; to calumniate. Fuller.

BELIE
Be*lie", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Belied; p. pr. & vb. n. Belying.] Etym:
[OE. bilien, bili, AS. beleógan; pref. be- + leógan to lie. See Lie,
n.]

1. To show to be false; to convict of, or charge with, falsehood.
Their trembling hearts belie their boastful tongues. Dryden.

2. To give a false representation or account of.
Should I do so, I should belie my thoughts. Shak.

3. To tell lie about; to calumniate; to slander.
Thou dost belie him, Percy, thou dost belie him. Shak.

4. To mimic; to counterfeit. [Obs.] Dryden.

5. To fill with lies. [Obs.] "The breath of slander doth belie all
corners of the world." Shak.

BELIEF
Be*lief", n. Etym: [OE. bileafe, bileve; cf. AS. geleáfa. See
Believe.]

1. Assent to a proposition or affirmation, or the acceptance of a
fact, opinion, or assertion as real or true, without immediate
personal knowledge; reliance upon word or testimony; partial or full
assurance without positive knowledge or absolute certainty;
persuasion; conviction; confidence; as, belief of a witness; the
belief of our senses.
Belief admits of all degrees, from the slightest suspicion to the
fullest assurance. Reid.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: A persuasion of the truths of religion; faith.
No man can attain [to] belief by the bare contemplation of heaven and
earth. Hooker.

3. The thing believed; the object of belief.
Superstitious prophecies are not only the belief of fools, but the
talk sometimes of wise men. Bacon.

4. A tenet, or the body of tenets, held by the advocates of any class
of views; doctrine; creed.
In the heat of persecution to which Christian belief was subject upon
its first promulgation. Hooker.
Ultimate belief, a first principle incapable of proof; an intuitive
truth; an intuition. Sir W. Hamilton.

Syn.
 -- Credence; trust; reliance; assurance; opinion.

BELIEFFUL
Be*lief"ful, a.

Defn: Having belief or faith.

BELIEVABLE
Be*liev"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being believed; credible.
 -- Be*liev"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Be*liev`a*bil"i*ty (, n.

BELIEVE
Be*lieve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Believed; p. pr. & vb. n. Believing.]
Etym: [OE. bileven (with pref. be- for AS. ge-), fr. AS. gel, gel;
akin to D. gelooven, OHG. gilouban, G. glauben, OS. gil, Goth.
galaubjan, and Goth. liubs dear. See Lief, a., Leave, n.]

Defn: To exercise belief in; to credit upon the authority or
testimony of another; to be persuaded of the truth of, upon evidence
furnished by reasons, arguments, and deductions of the mind, or by
circumstances other than personal knowledge; to regard or accept as
true; to place confidence in; to think; to consider; as, to believe a
person, a statement, or a doctrine.
Our conqueror (whom I now Of force believe almighty). Milton.
King Agrippa, believest thou the prophets Acts xxvi.
Often followed by a dependent clause. I believe that Jesus Christ is
the Son of God. Acts viii. 37.

Syn.
 -- See Expect.

BELIEVE
Be*lieve", v. i.

1. To have a firm persuasion, esp. of the truths of religion; to have
a persuasion approaching to certainty; to exercise belief or faith.
Lord, I believe; help thou mine unbelief. Mark ix. 24.
With the heart man believeth unto righteousness. Rom. x. 10.

2. To think; to suppose.
I will not believe so meanly of you. Fielding.
To believe in. (a) To believe that the subject of the thought (if a
person or thing) exists, or (if an event) that it has occurred, or
will occur; -- as, to believe in the resurrection of the dead. "She
does not believe in Jupiter." J. H. Newman. (b) To believe that the
character, abilities, and purposes of a person are worthy of entire
confidence; -- especially that his promises are wholly trustworthy.
"Let not your heart be troubled: ye believe in God, believe also in
me." John xiv. 1. (c) To believe that the qualities or effects of an
action or state are beneficial: as, to believe in sea bathing, or in
abstinence from alcoholic beverages.
 -- To believe on, to accept implicitly as an object of religious
trust or obedience; to have faith in.

BELIEVER
Be*liev"er, n.

1. One who believes; one who is persuaded of the truth or reality of
some doctrine, person, or thing.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: One who gives credit to the truth of the Scriptures, as a
revelation from God; a Christian; -- in a more restricted sense, one
who receives Christ as his Savior, and accepts the way of salvation
unfolded in the gospel.
Thou didst open the Kingdom of Heaven to all believers. Book of Com.
Prayer.

3. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who was admitted to all the rights of divine worship and
instructed in all the mysteries of the Christian religion, in
distinction from a catechumen, or one yet under instruction.

BELIEVING
Be*liev"ing, a.

Defn: That believes; having belief.
 -- Be*liev"ing*ly, adv.

BELIGHT
Be*light", v. t.

Defn: To illuminate. [Obs.] Cowley.

BELIKE
Be*like", adv. Etym: [Pref. be- (for by) + like.]

Defn: It is likely or probably; perhaps. [Obs. or Archaic] --
Be*like"ly, adv.
Belike, boy, then you are in love. Shak.

BELIME
Be*lime", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Belimed.]

Defn: To besmear or insnare with birdlime.

BELITTLE
Be*lit"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Belittled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Belittling.]

Defn: To make little or less in a moral sense; to speak of in a
depreciatory or contemptuous way. T. Jefferson.

BELIVE
Be*live", adv. Etym: [Cf. Live, a.]

Defn: Forthwith; speedily; quickly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BELK
Belk, v. t. Etym: [See Belch.]

Defn: To vomit. [Obs.]

BELL
Bell, n. Etym: [AS. belle, fr. bellan to bellow. See Bellow.]

1. A hollow metallic vessel, usually shaped somewhat like a cup with
a flaring mouth, containing a clapper or tongue, and giving forth a
ringing sound on being struck.

Note: Bells have been made of various metals, but the best have
always been, as now, of an alloy of copper and tin. The Liberty Bell,
the famous bell of the Philadelphia State House, which rang when the
Continental Congress declared the Independence of the United States,
in 1776. It had been cast in 1753, and upon it were the words
"Proclaim liberty throughout all the land, to all the inhabitants
thereof."

2. A hollow perforated sphere of metal containing a loose ball which
causes it to sound when moved.

3. Anything in the form of a bell, as the cup or corol of a flower.
"In a cowslip's bell I lie." Shak.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: That part of the capital of a column included between the
abacus and neck molding; also used for the naked core of nearly
cylindrical shape, assumed to exist within the leafage of a capital.

5. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: The strikes of the bell which mark the time; or the time so
designated.

Note: On shipboard, time is marked by a bell, which is struck eight
times at 4, 8, and 12 o'clock. Half an hour after it has struck
"eight bells" it is struck once, and at every succeeding half hour
the number of strokes is increased by one, till at the end of the
four hours, which constitute a watch, it is struck eight times. To
bear away the bell, to win the prize at a race where the prize was a
bell; hence, to be superior in something. Fuller.
 -- To bear the bell, to be the first or leader; -- in allusion to
the bellwether or a flock, or the leading animal of a team or drove,
when wearing a bell.
 -- To curse by bell, book, and candle, a solemn form of
excommunication used in the Roman Catholic church, the bell being
tolled, the book of offices for the purpose being used, and three
candles being extinguished with certain ceremonies. Nares.
 -- To lose the bell, to be worsted in a contest. "In single fight he
lost the bell." Fairfax.
 -- To shake the bells, to move, give notice, or alarm. Shak.

Note: Bell is much used adjectively or in combinations; as, bell
clapper; bell foundry; bell hanger; bell-mouthed; bell tower, etc.,
which, for the most part, are self-explaining. Bell arch (Arch.), an
arch of unusual form, following the curve of an ogee.
 -- Bell cage, or Bell carriage (Arch.), a timber frame constructed
to carry one or more large bells.
 -- Bell cot (Arch.), a small or subsidiary construction, frequently
corbeled out from the walls of a structure, and used to contain and
support one or more bells.
 -- Bell deck (Arch.), the floor of a belfry made to serve as a roof
to the rooms below.
 -- Bell founder, one whose occupation it is to found or cast bells.
 -- Bell foundry, or Bell foundery, a place where bells are founded
or cast.
 -- Bell gable (Arch.), a small gable-shaped construction, pierced
with one or more openings, and used to contain bells.
 -- Bell glass. See Bell jar.
 -- Bell hanger, a man who hangs or puts up bells.
 -- Bell pull, a cord, handle, or knob, connecting with a bell or
bell wire, and which will ring the bell when pulled. Aytoun.
 -- Bell punch, a kind of conductor's punch which rings a bell when
used.
 -- Bell ringer, one who rings a bell or bells, esp. one whose
business it is to ring a church bell or chime, or a set of musical
bells for public entertainment.
 -- Bell roof (Arch.), a roof shaped according to the general lines
of a bell.
 -- Bell rope, a rope by which a church or other bell is rung.
 -- Bell tent, a circular conical-topped tent.
 -- Bell trap, a kind of bell shaped stench trap.

BELL
Bell, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Belled; p. pr. & vb. n. Belling.]

Defn: To put a bell upon; as, to bell the cat.

2. To make bell-mouthed; as, to bell a tube.

BELL
Bell, v. i.

Defn: To develop bells or corollas; to take the form of a bell; to
blossom; as, hops bell.

BELL
Bell, v. t. Etym: [AS. bellan. See Bellow.]

Defn: To utter by bellowing. [Obs.]

BELL
Bell, v. i.

Defn: To call or bellow, as the deer in rutting time; to make a
bellowing sound; to roar.
As loud as belleth wind in hell. Chaucer.
The wild buck bells from ferny brake. Sir W. Scott.

BELLADONNA
Bel`la*don"na, n. Etym: [It., literally fine lady; bella beautiful +
donna lady.] (Bot.)
(a) An herbaceous European plant (Atropa belladonna) with reddish
bell-shaped flowers and shining black berries. The whole plant and
its fruit are very poisonous, and the root and leaves are used as
powerful medicinal agents. Its properties are largely due to the
alkaloid atropine which it contains. Called also deadly nightshade.
(b) A species of Amaryllis (A. belladonna); the belladonna lily.

BELL ANIMALCULE
Bell" an`i*mal"cule. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An infusorian of the family Vorticellidæ, common in fresh-water
ponds.

BELLARMINE
Bel"lar*mine, n.

Defn: A stoneware jug of a pattern originated in the neighborhood of
Cologne, Germany, in the 16th century. It has a bearded face or mask
supposed to represent Cardinal Bellarmine, a leader in the Roman
Catholic Counter Reformation, following the Reformation; -- called
also graybeard, longbeard.

BELL BEARER
Bell" bear`er. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Brazilian leaf hopper (Bocydium tintinnabuliferum),
remarkable for the four bell-shaped appendages of its thorax.

BELLBIRD
Bell"bird`, n. Etym: [So called from their notes.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A South American bird of the genus Casmarhincos, and family
Cotingidæ, of several species; the campanero.
(b) The Myzantha melanophrys of Australia.

BELL CRANK
Bell" crank`.

Defn: A lever whose two arms form a right angle, or nearly a right
angle, having its fulcrum at the apex of the angle. It is used in
bell pulls and in changing the direction of bell wires at angles of
rooms, etc., and also in machinery.

BELLE
Belle, n. Etym: [F. belle, fem. of bel, beau, beautiful, fine. See
Beau.]

Defn: A young lady of superior beauty and attractions; a handsome
lady, or one who attracts notice in society; a fair lady.

BELLED
Belled, a.

Defn: Hung with a bell or bells.

BELLEEK WARE
Bel*leek" ware.

Defn: A porcelainlike kind of decorative pottery with a high gloss,
which is sometimes iridescent. A very fine kind is made at Belleek in
Ireland.

BELLE-LETTRIST
Belle-let"trist, n.

Defn: One versed in belleslettres.

BELLEROPHON
Bel*ler"o*phon, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of fossil univalve shells, believed to belong to the
Heteropoda, peculiar to the Paleozoic age.

BELLES-LETTRES
Belles-let"tres, n. pl. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Polite or elegant literature; the humanities; -- used somewhat
vaguely for literary works in which imagination and taste are
predominant.

BELLETRISTIC; BELLETRISTICAL
Bel`le*tris"tic, Bel`le*tris"tic*al, a.

Defn: Occupied with, or pertaining to, belles-lettres. "An unlearned,
belletristic trifler." M. Arnold.

BELL-FACED
Bell"-faced`, a.

Defn: Having the striking surface convex; -- said of hammers.

BELLFLOWER
Bell"flow`er, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Campanula; -- so named from its bell-
shaped flowers.

BELLFLOWER
Bell"flow`er, n. Etym: [F. bellefleur, lit., beautiful flower.]

Defn: A kind of apple. The yellow bellflower is a large, yellow
winter apple. [Written also bellefleur.]

BELLIBONE
Bel"li*bone, n. Etym: [F. belle et bonne, beautiful and good.]

Defn: A woman excelling both in beauty and goodness; a fair maid.
[Obs.] Spenser.

BELLIC; BELLICAL
Bel"lic, Bel"li*cal, a. Etym: [L. bellicus. See Bellicose.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to war; warlike; martial. [Obs.] "Bellic
Cæsar." Feltham.

BELLICOSE
Bel"li*cose`, a. Etym: [L. bellicosus, fr. bellicus of war, fr.
bellum war. See Duel.]

Defn: Inclined to war or contention; warlike; pugnacious.
Arnold was, in fact, in a bellicose vein. W. Irving.

BELLICOSELY
Bel"li*cose`ly, adv.

Defn: In a bellicose manner.

BELLICOUS
Bel"li*cous, a.

Defn: Bellicose. [Obs.]

BELLIED
Bel"lied

Defn: , a. Having (such) a belly; puffed out; -- used in composition;
as, pot-bellied; shad-bellied.

BELLIGERENCE; BELLIGERENCY
Bel*lig"er*ence, Bel*lig"er*en*cy, n.

Defn: The quality of being belligerent; act or state of making war;
warfare.

BELLIGERENT
Bel*lig"er*ent, a. Etym: [L. bellum war + gerens, -entis, waging, p.
pr. of gerere to wage: cf. F. belligérant. See Bellicose, Jest.]

1. Waging war; carrying on war. "Belligerent powers." E. Everett.

2. Pertaining, or tending, to war; of or relating to belligerents;
as, a belligerent tone; belligerent rights.

BELLIGERENT
Bel*lig"er*ent, n.

Defn: A nation or state recognized as carrying on war; a person
engaged in warfare.

BELLIGERENTLY
Bel*lig"er*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a belligerent manner; hostilely.

BELLING
Bell"ing, n. Etym: [From Bell to bellow.]

Defn: A bellowing, as of a deer in rutting time. Johnson.

BELLIPOTENT
Bel*lip"o*tent, a. Etym: [L. bellipotens; bellum war + potens
powerful, p. pr. of posse to be able.]

Defn: Mighty in war; armipotent. [R.] Blount.

BELL JAR
Bell" jar`. (Phys.)

Defn: A glass vessel, varying in size, open at the bottom and closed
at the top like a bell, and having a knob or handle at the top for
lifting it. It is used for a great variety of purposes; as, with the
air pump, and for holding gases, also for keeping the dust from
articles exposed to view.

BELLMAN
Bell"man, n.

Defn: A man who rings a bell, especially to give notice of anything
in the streets. Formerly, also, a night watchman who called the
hours. Milton.

BELL METAL
Bell" met`al.

Defn: A hard alloy or bronze, consisting usually of about three parts
of copper to one of tin; -- used for making bells. Bell metal ore, a
sulphide of tin, copper, and iron; the mineral stannite.

BELL-MOUTHED
Bell"-mouthed`, a.

Defn: Expanding at the mouth; as, a bell-mouthed gun. Byron.

BELLON
Bel"lon, n.

Defn: Lead colic.

BELLONA
Bel*lo"na, n. Etym: [L., from bellum war.] (Rom. Myth.)

Defn: The goddess of war.

BELLOW
Bel"low, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bellowed ; p. pr. & vb. n. Bellowing.]
Etym: [OE. belwen, belowen, AS. bylgean, fr. bellan; akin to G.
bellen, and perh. to L. flere to weep, OSlav. bleja to bleat, Lith.
balsas voice. Cf. Bell, n. & v., Bawl, Bull.]

1. To make a hollow, loud noise, as an enraged bull.

2. To bowl; to vociferate; to clamor. Dryden.

3. To roar; as the sea in a tempest, or as the wind when violent; to
make a loud, hollow, continued sound.
The bellowing voice of boiling seas. Dryden.

BELLOW
Bel"low, v. t.

Defn: To emit with a loud voice; to shout; -- used with out. "Would
bellow out a laugh." Dryden.

BELLOW
Bel"low, n.

Defn: A loud resounding outcry or noise, as of an enraged bull; a
roar.

BELLOWER
Bel"low*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, bellows.

BELLOWS
Bel"lows, n. sing. & pl. Etym: [OE. bely, below, belly, bellows, AS.
bælg, bælig, bag, bellows, belly. Bellows is prop. a pl. and the
orig. sense is bag. See Belly.]

Defn: An instrument, utensil, or machine, which, by alternate
expansion and contraction, or by rise and fall of the top, draws in
air through a valve and expels it through a tube for various
purposes, as blowing fires, ventilating mines, or filling the pipes
of an organ with wind. Bellows camera, in photography, a form of
camera, which can be drawn out like an accordion or bellows.
 -- Hydrostatic bellows. See Hydrostatic.
 -- A pair of bellows, the ordinary household instrument for blowing
fires, consisting of two nearly heart-shaped boards with handles,
connected by leather, and having a valve and tube.

BELLOWS FISH
Bel"lows fish`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European fish (Centriscus scolopax), distinguished by a long
tubular snout, like the pipe of a bellows; -- called also trumpet
fish, and snipe fish.

BELL PEPPER
Bell" pep`per. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Capsicum, or Guinea pepper (C. annuum). It is the
red pepper of the gardens.

BELL PROCESS
Bell process. (Iron Metal.)

Defn: The process of washing molten pig iron by adding iron oxide,
proposed by I. Lowthian Bell of England about 1875.

BELL-SHAPED
Bell"-shaped`, a.

Defn: Having the shape of a widemouthed bell; campanulate.

BELL'S PALSY
Bell's palsy.

Defn: Paralysis of the facial nerve, producing distortion of one side
of the face.

BELL SYSTEM OF CONTROL
Bell system of control. (Aëronautics)

Defn: See Cloche.

BELLUINE
Bel"lu*ine, a. Etym: [L. belluinus, fr. bellua beast.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, a beast; brutal. [R.]
Animal and belluine life. Atterbury.

BELLWETHER
Bell"weth`er, n.

1. A wether, or sheep, which leads the flock, with a bell on his
neck.

2. Hence: A leader. [Contemptuous] Swift.

BELLWORT
Bell"wort", n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants (Uvularia) with yellowish bell-shaped
flowers.

BELLY
Bel"ly, n.; pl. Bellies. Etym: [OE. bali, bely, AS. belg, bælg,
bælig, bag, bellows, belly; akin to Icel. belgr bag, bellows, Sw.
bälg, Dan. bælg, D. & G. balg, cf. W. bol the paunch or belly, dim.
boly, Ir. bolg. Cf. Bellows, Follicle, Fool, Bilge.]

1. That part of the human body which extends downward from the breast
to the thighs, and contains the bowels, or intestines; the abdomen.

Note: Formerly all the splanchnic or visceral cavities were called
bellies; -- the lower belly being the abdomen; the middle belly, the
thorax; and the upper belly, the head. Dunglison.

2. The under part of the body of animals, corresponding to the human
belly.
Underneath the belly of their steeds. Shak.

3. The womb. [Obs.]
Before I formed thee in the belly I knew thee. Jer. i. 5.

4. The part of anything which resembles the human belly in
protuberance or in cavity; the innermost part; as, the belly of a
flask, muscle, sail, ship.
Out of the belly of hell cried I. Jonah ii. 2.

5. (Arch.)

Defn: The hollow part of a curved or bent timber, the convex part of
which is the back. Belly doublet, a doublet of the 16th century,
hanging down so as to cover the belly. Shak.
 -- Belly fretting, the chafing of a horse's belly with a girth.
Johnson.
 -- Belly timber, food. [Ludicrous] Prior.
 -- Belly worm, a worm that breeds or lives in the belly (stomach or
intestines). Johnson.

BELLY
Bel"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bellied; p. pr. & vb. n. Bellying.]

Defn: To cause to swell out; to fill. [R.]
Your breath of full consent bellied his sails. Shak.

BELLY
Bel"ly, v. i.

Defn: To swell and become protuberant, like the belly; to bulge.
The bellying canvas strutted with the gale. Dryden.

BELLYACHE
Bel"ly*ache`, n.

Defn: Pain in the bowels; colic.

BELLYBAND
Bel"ly*band`, n.

1. A band that passes under the belly of a horse and holds the saddle
or harness in place; a girth.

2. A band of flannel or other cloth about the belly.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A band of canvas, to strengthen a sail.

BELLYBOUND
Bel"ly*bound` (, a.

Defn: Costive; constipated.

BELLYCHEAT
Bel"ly*cheat`, n.

Defn: An apron or covering for the front of the person. [Obs.] Beau.
& Fl.

BELLYCHEER
Bel"ly*cheer`, n. Etym: [Perh. from F. belle chère.]

Defn: Good cheer; viands. [Obs.] "Bellycheer and banquets." Rowlands.
"Loaves and bellycheer." Milton.

BELLYCHEER
Bel"ly*cheer`, v. i.

Defn: To revel; to feast. [Obs.]
A pack of clergymen [assembled] by themselves to bellycheer in their
presumptuous Sion. Milton.

BELLYFUL
Bel"ly*ful, n.

Defn: As much as satisfies the appetite. Hence: A great abundance;
more than enough. Lloyd.
King James told his son that he would have his bellyful of
parliamentary impeachments. Johnson.

BELLY-GOD
Bel"ly-god`, n.

Defn: One whose great pleasure it is to gratify his appetite; a
glutton; an epicure.

BELLY-PINCHED
Bel"ly-pinched`, a.

Defn: Pinched with hunger; starved. "The belly-pinched wolf." Shak.

BELOCK
Be*lock", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Belocked.] Etym: [Pref. be- + lock: cf.
AS. bel.]

Defn: To lock, or fasten as with a lock. [Obs.] Shak.

BELOMANCY
Bel"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. ; arrow + a diviner: cf. F. bélomancie.]

Defn: A kind of divination anciently practiced by means of marked
arrows drawn at random from a bag or quiver, the marks on the arrows
drawn being supposed to foreshow the future. Encyc. Brit.

BELONG
Be*long", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Belonged; p. pr. & vb. n. Belonging.]
Etym: [OE. belongen (akin to D. belangen to concern, G. belangen to
attain to, to concern); pref. be- + longen to desire. See Long, v.
i.]

Note: [Usually construed with to.]

1. To be the property of; as, Jamaica belongs to Great Britain.

2. To be a part of, or connected with; to be appendant or related; to
owe allegiance or service.
A desert place belonging to . . . Bethsaids. Luke ix. 10.
The mighty men which belonged to David. 1 Kings i. 8.

3. To be the concern or proper business or function of; to appertain
to. "Do not interpretations belong to God " Gen. xl. 8.

4. To be suitable for; to be due to.
Strong meat belongeth to them that are of full age. Heb. v. 14.
No blame belongs to thee. Shak.

5. To be native to, or an inhabitant of; esp. to have a legal
residence, settlement, or inhabitancy, whether by birth or operation
of law, so as to be entitled to maintenance by the parish or town.
Bastards also are settled in the parishes to which the mothers
belong. Blackstone.

BELONG
Be*long", v. t.

Defn: To be deserved by. [Obs.]
More evils belong us than happen to us. B. Jonson.

BELONGING
Be*long"ing, n. Etym: [Commonly in the pl.]

1. That which belongs to one; that which pertains to one; hence,
goods or effects. "Thyself and thy belongings." Shak.

2. That which is connected with a principal or greater thing; an
appendage; an appurtenance.

3. Family; relations; household. [Colloq.]
Few persons of her ladyship's belongings stopped, before they did her
bidding, to ask her reasons. Thackeray.

BELONITE
Bel"o*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. a needle.] (Min.)

Defn: Minute acicular or dendritic crystalline forms sometimes
observed in glassy volcanic rocks.

BELOOCHE; BELOOCHEE
Bel*oo"che Bel*oo"chee, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Beloochistan, or to its inhabitants.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Beloochistan.

BELORD
Be*lord", v. t.

1. To act the lord over.

2. To address by the title of "lord".

BELOVE
Be*love", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beloved.] Etym: [OE. bilufien. See
pref. Be-, and Love, v. t.]

Defn: To love. [Obs.] Wodroephe.

BELOVED
Be*loved", p. p. & a.

Defn: Greatly loved; dear to the heart.
Antony, so well beloved of Cæsar. Shak.
This is my beloved Son. Matt. iii. 17.

BELOVED
Be*lov"ed, n.

Defn: One greatly loved.
My beloved is mine, and I am his. Cant. ii. 16.

BELOW
Be*low", prep. Etym: [Pref. be- by + low.]

1. Under, or lower in place; beneath not so high; as, below the moon;
below the knee. Shak.

2. Inferior to in rank, excellence, dignity, value, amount, price,
etc.; lower in quality. "One degree below kings." Addison.

3. Unworthy of; unbefitting; beneath.
They beheld, with a just loathing and disdain, . . . how below all
history the persons and their actions were. Milton.
Who thinks no fact below his regard. Hallam.

Syn.
 -- Underneath; under; beneath.

BELOW
Be*low", adv.

1. In a lower place, with respect to any object; in a lower room;
beneath.
Lord Marmion waits below. Sir W. Scott.

2. On the earth, as opposed to the heavens.
The fairest child of Jove below. Prior.

3. In hell, or the regions of the dead.
What businesss brought him to the realms below. Dryden.

4. In court or tribunal of inferior jurisdiction; as, at the trial
below. Wheaton.

5. In some part or page following.

BELOWT
Be*lowt", v. t.

Defn: To treat as a lout; to talk abusively to. [Obs.] Camden.

BELSIRE
Bel"sire`, n. Etym: [Pref. bel- + sire. Cf. Beldam.]

Defn: A grandfather, or ancestor. "His great belsire Brute." [Obs.]
Drayton.

BELSWAGGER
Bel"swag`ger, n. Etym: [Contr. from bellyswagger.]

Defn: A lewd man; also, a bully. [Obs.] Dryden.

BELT
Belt, n. Etym: [AS. belt; akin to Icel. belti, Sw. bälte, Dan. bælte,
OHG. balz, L. balteus, Ir. & Gael. balt bo

1. That which engirdles a person or thing; a band or girdle; as, a
lady's belt; a sword belt.
The shining belt with gold inlaid. Dryden.

2. That which restrains or confines as a girdle.
He cannot buckle his distempered cause Within the belt of rule. Shak.

3. Anything that resembles a belt, or that encircles or crosses like
a belt; a strip or stripe; as, a belt of trees; a belt of sand.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Band, n., 2. A very broad band is more properly termed
a belt.

5. (Astron.)

Defn: One of certain girdles or zones on the surface of the planets
Jupiter and Saturn, supposed to be of the nature of clouds.

6. (Geog.)

Defn: A narrow passage or strait; as, the Great Belt and the Lesser
Belt, leading to the Baltic Sea.

7. (Her.)

Defn: A token or badge of knightly rank.

8. (Mech.)

Defn: A band of leather, or other flexible substance, passing around
two wheels, and communicating motion from one to the other.

Note: [See Illust. of Pulley.]

9. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: A band or stripe, as of color, round any organ; or any circular
ridge or series of ridges. Belt lacing, thongs used for lacing
together the ends of machine belting.

BELT
Belt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Belted; p. pr. & vb. n. Belting.]

Defn: To encircle with, or as with, a belt; to encompass; to
surround.
A coarse black robe belted round the waist. C. Reade.
They belt him round with hearts undaunted. Wordsworth.

2. To shear, as the buttocks and tails of sheep. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

BELTANE
Bel"tane, n. Etym: [Gael. bealltainn, bealltuinn.]

1. The first day of May (Old Style).
The quarter-days anciently in Scotland were Hallowmas, Candlemas,
Beltane, and Lammas. New English Dict.

2. A festival of the heathen Celts on the first day of May, in the
observance of which great bonfires were kindled. It still exists in a
modified form in some parts of Scotland and Ireland.

BELTED
Belt"ed, a.

1. Encircled by, or secured with, a belt; as, a belted plaid; girt
with a belt, as an honorary distinction; as, a belted knight; a
belted earl.

2. Marked with a band or circle; as, a belted stalk.

3. Worn in, or suspended from, the belt.
Three men with belted brands. Sir W. Scott.
Belted cattle, cattle originally from Dutch stock, having a broad
band of white round the middle, while the rest of the body is black;
-- called also blanketed cattle.

BELTEIN; BELTIN
Bel"tein, Bel"tin, n.

Defn: See Beltane.

BELTING
Belt"ing, n.

Defn: The material of which belts for machinery are made; also,
belts, taken collectively.

BELUGA
Be*lu"ga, n. Etym: [Russ. bieluga a sort of large sturgeon, prop.
white fish, fr. bieluii white.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cetacean allied to the dolphins.

Note: The northern beluga (Delphinapterus catodon) is the white whale
and white fish of the whalers. It grows to be from twelve to eighteen
feet long.

BELUTE
Be*lute", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beluted; p. pr. & vb. n. Beluting.]
Etym: [Pref. be- + L. lutum mud.]

Defn: To bespatter, as with mud. [R.] Sterne.

BELVEDERE
Bel`ve*dere", n. Etym: [It., fr. bello, bel, beautiful + vedere to
see.] (Arch.)

Defn: A small building, or a part of a building, more or less open,
constructed in a place commanding a fine prospect.

BELZEBUTH
Bel"ze*buth, n. Etym: [From Beelzebub.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spider monkey (Ateles belzebuth) of Brazil.

BEMA
Be"ma, n. Etym: [Gr. step, platform.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A platform from which speakers addressed an assembly. Mitford.

2. (Arch.)
(a) That part of an early Christian church which was reserved for the
higher clergy; the inner or eastern part of the chancel.
(b) Erroneously: A pulpit.

BEMAD
Be*mad", v. t.

Defn: To make mad. [Obs.] Fuller.

BEMANGLE
Be*man"gle, v. t.

Defn: To mangle; to tear asunder. [R.] Beaumont.

BEMASK
Be*mask", v. t.

Defn: To mask; to conceal.

BEMASTER
Be*mas"ter, v. t.

Defn: To master thoroughly.

BEMAUL
Be*maul", v. t.

Defn: To maul or beat severely; to bruise. "In order to bemaul
Yorick." Sterne.

BEMAZE
Be*maze, v. t. Etym: [OE. bimasen; pref. be- + masen to maze.]

Defn: To bewilder.
Intellects bemazed in endless doubt. Cowper.

BEMEAN
Be*mean", v. t.

Defn: To make mean; to lower. C. Reade.

BEMEET
Be*meet", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bemet; p. pr. & vb. n. Bemeeting.]

Defn: To meet. [Obs.]
Our very loving sister, well bemet. Shak.

BEMETE
Be*mete", v. t.

Defn: To mete. [Obs.] Shak.

BEMINGLE
Be*min"gle, v. t.

Defn: To mingle; to mix.

BEMIRE
Be*mire", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bemired; p. pr. & vb. n. Bemiring.]

Defn: To drag through, encumber with, or fix in, the mire; to soil by
passing through mud or dirt.
Bemired and benighted in the dog. Burke.

BEMIST
Be*mist", v. t.

Defn: To envelop in mist. [Obs.]

BEMOAN
Be*moan", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bemoaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Bemoaning.]
Etym: [OE. bimenen, AS. bem; pref. be- + m to moan. See Moan.]

Defn: To express deep grief for by moaning; to express sorrow for; to
lament; to bewail; to pity or sympathize with.
Implores their pity, and his pain bemoans. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- See Deplore.

BEMOANER
Be*moan"er, n.

Defn: One who bemoans.

BEMOCK
Be*mock", v. t.

Defn: To mock; to ridicule.
Bemock the modest moon. Shak.

BEMOIL
Be*moil", v. t. Etym: [Pref. be- + moil, fr. F. mouiller to wet; but
cf. also OE. bimolen to soil, fr. AS. mal spot: cf. E. mole.]

Defn: To soil or encumber with mire and dirt. [Obs.] Shak.

BEMOL
Be"mol, n. Etym: [F. bémol, fr. bé soft.] (Mus.)

Defn: The sign [Obs.]

BEMONSTER
Be*mon"ster, v. t.

Defn: To make monstrous or like a monster. [Obs.] Shak.

BEMOURN
Be*mourn", v. t.

Defn: To mourn over. Wyclif.

BEMUDDLE
Be*mud"dle, v. t.

Defn: To muddle; to stupefy or bewilder; to confuse.

BEMUFFLE
Be*muf"fle, v. t.

Defn: To cover as with a muffler; to wrap up.
Bemuffled with the externals of religion. Sterne.

BEMUSE
Be*muse", v. t.

Defn: To muddle, daze, or partially stupefy, as with liquor.
A parson much bemused in beer. Pope.

BEN; BEN NUT
Ben, Ben" nut`. Etym: [Ar. ban, name of the tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: The seed of one or more species of moringa; as, oil of ben. See
Moringa.

BEN
Ben, adv. & prep. Etym: [AS. binnan; pref. be- by + innan within, in
in.]

Defn: Within; in; in or into the interior; toward the inner
apartment. [Scot.]

BEN
Ben, n. Etym: [See Ben, adv.]

Defn: The inner or principal room in a hut or house of two rooms; --
opposed to but, the outer apartment. [Scot.]

BEN
Ben.

Defn: An old form of the pl. indic. pr. of Be. [Obs.]

BENAME
Be*name", v. t. [p. p. Benamed, Benempt.]

Defn: To promise; to name. [Obs.]

BENCH
Bench, n.; pl. Benches. Etym: [OE. bench, benk, AS. benc; akin to Sw.
bänk, Dan bænk, Icel. bekkr, OS., D., & G. bank. Cf. Bank, Beach.]

1. A long seat, differing from a stool in its greater length.
Mossy benches supplied the place of chairs. Sir W. Scott.

2. A long table at which mechanics and other work; as, a carpenter's
bench.

3. The seat where judges sit in court.
To pluck down justice from your awful bench. Shak.

4. The persons who sit as judges; the court; as, the opinion of the
full bench. See King's Bench.

5. A collection or group of dogs exhibited to the public; -- so named
because the animals are usually placed on benches or raised
platforms.

6. A conformation like a bench; a long stretch of flat ground, or a
kind of natural terrace, near a lake or river. Bench mark (Leveling),
one of a number of marks along a line of survey, affixed to permanent
objects, to show where leveling staffs were placed.
 -- Bench of bishops, the whole body of English prelates assembled in
council.
 -- Bench plane, any plane used by carpenters and joiners for working
a flat surface, as jack planes, long planes.
 -- Bench show, an exhibition of dogs.
 -- Bench table (Arch.), a projecting course at the base of a
building, or round a pillar, sufficient to form a seat.

BENCH
Bench, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Benched; p. pr. & vb. n. Benching.]

1. To furnish with benches.
'T was benched with turf. Dryden.
Stately theaters benched crescentwise. Tennyson.

2. To place on a bench or seat of honor.
Whom I . . . have benched and reared to worship. Shak.

BENCH
Bench, v. i.

Defn: To sit on a seat of justice. [R.] Shak.

BENCHER
Bench"er, n.

1. (Eng. Law)

Defn: One of the senior and governing members of an Inn of Court.

2. An alderman of a corporation. [Eng.] Ashmole.

3. A member of a court or council. [Obs.] Shak.

4. One who frequents the benches of a tavern; an idler. [Obs.]

BENCH MARK
Bench mark. (Leveling)

Defn: Any permanent mark to which other levels may be referred.
Specif. : A horizontal mark at the water's edge with reference to
which the height of tides and floods may be measured.

BENCH WARRANT
Bench" war`rant. (Law)

Defn: A process issued by a presiding judge or by a court against a
person guilty of some contempt, or indicted for some crime; -- so
called in distinction from a justice's warrant.

BEND
Bend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bended or Bent; p. pr. & vb. n. Bending.]
Etym: [AS. bendan to bend, fr. bend a band, bond, fr. bindan to bind.
See Bind, v. t., and cf. 3d & 4th Bend.]

1. To strain or move out of a straight line; to crook by straining;
to make crooked; to curve; to make ready for use by drawing into a
curve; as, to bend a bow; to bend the knee.

2. To turn toward some certain point; to direct; to incline. "Bend
thine ear to supplication." Milton.
Towards Coventry bend we our course. Shak.
Bending her eyes . . . upon her parent. Sir W. Scott.

3. To apply closely or with interest; to direct.
To bend his mind to any public business. Temple.
But when to mischief mortals bend their will. Pope.

4. To cause to yield; to render submissive; to subdue. "Except she
bend her humor." Shak.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: To fasten, as one rope to another, or as a sail to its yard or
stay; or as a cable to the ring of an anchor. Totten. To bend the
brow, to knit the brow, as in deep thought or in anger; to scowl; to
frown. Camden.

Syn.
 -- To lean; stoop; deflect; bow; yield.

BEND
Bend, v. i.

1. To be moved or strained out of a straight line; to crook or be
curving; to bow.
The green earth's end Where the bowed welkin slow doth bend. Milton.

2. To jut over; to overhang.
There is a cliff, whose high and bending head Looks fearfully in the
confined deep. Shak.

3. To be inclined; to be directed.
To whom our vows and wished bend. Milton.

4. To bow in prayer, or in token of submission.
While each to his great Father bends. Coleridge.

BEND
Bend, n. Etym: [See Bend, v. t., and cf. Bent, n.]

1. A turn or deflection from a straight line or from the proper
direction or normal position; a curve; a crook; as, a slight bend of
the body; a bend in a road.

2. Turn; purpose; inclination; ends. [Obs.]
Farewell, poor swain; thou art not for my bend. Fletcher.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A knot by which one rope is fastened to another or to an
anchor, spar, or post. Totten.

4. (Leather Trade)

Defn: The best quality of sole leather; a butt. See Butt.

5. (Mining)

Defn: Hard, indurated clay; bind. Bends of a ship, the thickest and
strongest planks in her sides, more generally called wales. They have
the beams, knees, and foothooks bolted to them. Also, the frames or
ribs that form the ship's body from the keel to the top of the sides;
as, the midship bend.

BEND
Bend, n. Etym: [AS. bend. See Band, and cf. the preceding noun.]

1. A band. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Etym: [OF. bende, bande, F. bande. See Band.] (Her.)

Defn: One of the honorable ordinaries, containing a third or a fifth
part of the field. It crosses the field diagonally from the dexter
chief to the sinister base. Bend sinister (Her.), an honorable
ordinary drawn from the sinister chief to the dexter base.

BENDABLE
Bend"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being bent.

BENDER
Bend"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, bends.

2. An instrument used for bending.

3. A drunken spree. [Low, U. S.] Bartlett.

4. A sixpence. [Slang, Eng.]

BENDING
Bend"ing, n.

Defn: The marking of the clothes with stripes or horizontal bands.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

BENDLET
Bend"let, n. Etym: [Bend + -let: cf. E. bandlet.] (Her.)

Defn: A narrow bend, esp. one half the width of the bend.

BENDWISE
Bend"wise, adv. (Her.)

Defn: Diagonally.

BENDY
Ben"dy, a. Etym: [From Bend a band.] (Her.)

Defn: Divided into an even number of bends; -- said of a shield or
its charge. Cussans.

BENE
Ben"e, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Benne.

BENE
Be"ne, n. Etym: [AS. b.]

Defn: A prayer; boon. [Archaic]
What is good for a bootless bene Wordsworth.

BENE; BEN
Bene, Ben, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hoglike mammal of New Guinea (Porcula papuensis).

BENEAPED
Be*neaped", a. (Naut.)

Defn: See Neaped.

BENEATH
Be*neath", prep. Etym: [OE. benethe, bineo, AS. beneo, beny; pref.
be- + neo, ny, downward, beneath, akin to E. nether. See Nether.]

1. Lower in place, with something directly over or on; under;
underneath; hence, at the foot of. "Beneath the mount." Ex. xxxii.
19.
Beneath a rude and nameless stone he lies. Pope.

2. Under, in relation to something that is superior, or that
oppresses or burdens.
Our country sinks beneath the yoke. Shak.

3. Lower in rank, dignity, or excellence than; as, brutes are beneath
man; man is beneath angels in the scale of beings. Hence: Unworthy
of; unbecoming.
He will do nothing that is beneath his high station. Atterbury.

BENEATH
Be*neath", adv.

1. In a lower place; underneath.
The earth you take from beneath will be barren. Mortimer.

2. Below, as opposed to heaven, or to any superior region or
position; as, in earth beneath.

BENEDICITE
Ben`e*dic"i*te, n. Etym: [L., (imperative pl.,) bless ye, praise ye.]

Defn: A canticle (the Latin version of which begins with this word)
which may be used in the order for morning prayer in the Church of
England. It is taken from an apocryphal addition to the third chapter
of Daniel.

BENEDICITE
Ben`e*dic"i*te, interj. Etym: [See Benedicite, n.]

Defn: An exclamation corresponding to Bless you !.

BENEDICT; BENEDICK
Ben"e*dict, Ben"e*dick, n. Etym: [From Benedick, one of the
characters in Shakespeare's play of "Much Ado about Nothing."]

Defn: A married man, or a man newly married.

BENEDICT
Ben"e*dict, a. Etym: [L. benedictus, p. p. of benedicere to bless.
See Benison, and cf. Bennet.]

Defn: Having mild and salubrious qualities. [Obs.] Bacon.

BENEDICTINE
Ben`e*dic"tine, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the monks of St. Benedict, or St. Benet.

BENEDICTINE
Ben`e*dic"tine, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a famous order of monks, established by St. Benedict of
Nursia in the sixth century. This order was introduced into the
United States in 1846.

Note: The Benedictines wear black clothing, and are sometimes called
Black Monks. The name Black Fr which belongs to the Dominicans, is
also sometimes applied to the Benedictines.

BENEDICTION
Ben`e*dic"tion, n. Etym: [L. benedictio: cf. F. bénédiction. See
Benison.]

1. The act of blessing.

2. A blessing; an expression of blessing, prayer, or kind wishes in
favor of any person or thing; a solemn or affectionate invocation of
happiness.
So saying, he arose; whom Adam thus Followed with benediction.
Milton.
Homeward serenely she walked with God's benediction upon her.
Longfellow.
Specifically:

Defn: The short prayer which closes public worship; as, to give the
benediction.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: The form of instituting an abbot, answering to the consecration
of a bishop. Ayliffe.

4. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A solemn rite by which bells, banners, candles, etc., are
blessed with holy water, and formally dedicated to God.

BENEDICTIONAL
Ben`e*dic"tion*al, n.

Defn: A book of benedictions.

BENEDICTIONARY
Ben`e*dic"tion*a*ry, n.

Defn: A collected series of benedictions.
The benedictionary of Bishop Athelwold. G. Gurton's Needle.

BENEDICTIVE
Ben`e*dic"tive, a.

Defn: Tending to bless. Gauden.

BENEDICTORY
Ben`e*dic"to*ry, a.

Defn: Expressing wishes for good; as, a benedictory prayer.
Thackeray.

BENEDICTUS
Ben`e*dic"tus, n. Etym: [L., blessed. See Benedict, a.]

Defn: The song of Zacharias at the birth of John the Baptist (Luke i.
68); -- so named from the first word of the Latin version.

BENEDIGHT
Ben"e*dight, a.

Defn: Blessed. [R.] Longfellow.

BENEFACTION
Ben`e*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. benefactio, fr. benefacere to do good to
one; bene well + facere to do. See Benefit.]

1. The act of conferring a benefit. Johnson.

2. A benefit conferred; esp. a charitable donation.

Syn.
 -- Gift; present; gratuity; boon; alms.

BENEFACTOR
Ben`e*fac"tor,n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who confers a benefit or benefits. Bacon.

BENEFACTRESS
Ben`e*fac"tress, n.

Defn: A woman who confers a benefit.
His benefactress blushes at the deed. Cowper.

BENEFIC
Be*nef"ic, a. Etym: [L. beneficus. See Benefice.]

Defn: Favorable; beneficent. Milton.

BENEFICE
Ben"e*fice, n. Etym: [F. bénéfice, L. beneficium, a kindness , in LL.
a grant of an estate, fr. L. beneficus beneficent; bene well + facere
to do. See Benefit.]

1. A favor or benefit. [Obs.] Baxter.

2. (Feudal Law)

Defn: An estate in lands; a fief.

Note: Such an estate was granted at first for life only, and held on
the mere good pleasure of the donor; but afterward, becoming
hereditary, it received the appellation of fief, and the term
benefice became appropriated to church livings.

3. An ecclesiastical living and church preferment, as in the Church
of England; a church endowed with a revenue for the maintenance of
divine service. See Advowson.

Note: All church preferments are called benefices, except bishoprics,
which are called dignities. But, ordinarily, the term dignity is
applied to bishoprics, deaneries, archdeaconries, and
prebendaryships; benefice to parsonages, vicarages, and donatives.

BENEFICE
Ben"e*fice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beneficed.]

Defn: To endow with a benefice.

Note: [Commonly in the past participle.]

BENEFICED
Ben"e*ficed, a.

Defn: Possessed of a benefice o "Beneficed clergymen." Burke.

BENEFICELESS
Ben"e*fice*less, a.

Defn: Having no benefice. "Beneficeless precisians." Sheldon.

BENEFICENCE
Be*nef"i*cence, n. Etym: [L. beneficentia, fr. beneficus: cf. F.
bénéficence. See Benefice.]

Defn: The practice of doing good; active goodness, kindness, or
charity; bounty springing from purity and goodness.
And whose beneficence no charge exhausts. Cowper.

Syn.
 -- See Benevolence.

BENEFICENT
Be*nef`i*cent

Defn: , a. Doing or producing good; performing acts of kindness and
charity; characterized by beneficence.
The beneficent fruits of Christianity. Prescott.

Syn.
 -- See Benevolent.

BENEFICENTIAL
Be*nef`i*cen"tial, a.

Defn: Relating to beneficence.

BENEFICENTLY
Be*nef"i*cent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a beneficent manner; with beneficence.

BENEFICIAL
Ben`e*fi"cial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. bénéficial, LL. beneficialis.]

1. Conferring benefits; useful; profito.
The war which would have been most beneficial to us. Swift.

2. (Law)

Defn: Receiving, or entitled to have or receive, advantage, use, or
benefit; as, the beneficial owner of an estate. Kent.

3. King. [Obs.] "A beneficial foe." B. Jonson.

Syn.
 -- See Advantage.

BENEFICIALLY
Ben`e*fi"cial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a beneficial or advantageous manner; profitably; helpfully.

BENEFICIALNESS
Ben`e*fi"cial*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being beneficial; profitableness.

BENEFICIARY
Ben`e*fi"ci*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. bénéficiaire, LL. beneficiarius.]

1. Holding some office or valuable possession, in subordination to
another; holding under a feudal or other superior; having a dependent
and secondary possession.
A feudatory or beneficiary king of England. Bacon.

2. Bestowed as a gratuity; as, beneficiary gifts.

BENEFICIARY
Ben`e*fi"ci*a*ry, n.; pl. Beneficiaries (.

1. A feudatory or vassal; hence, one who holds a benefice and uses
its proceeds. Ayliffe.

2. One who receives anything as a gift; one who receives a benefit or
advantage; esp. one who receives help or income from an educational
fund or a trust estate.
The rich men will be offering sacrifice to their Deity whose
beneficiaries they are. Jer. Taylor.

BENEFICIATE
Ben`e*fi"ci*ate, v. t. Etym: [Sp. beneficiar to benefit, to work
mines.] (Mining)

Defn: To reduce (ores).
 -- Ben`e*fi`ci*a"tion (n.

BENEFICIENT
Ben`e*fi"cient, a.

Defn: Beneficent. [Obs.]

BENEFIT
Ben"e*fit, n. Etym: [OE. benefet, benfeet, bienfet, F. bienfait, fr.
L. benefactum; bene well (adv. of bonus good) + factum, p. p. of
facere to do. See Bounty, and Fact.]

1. An act of kindness; a favor conferred.
Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits. Ps. ciii.
2.

2. Whatever promotes prosperity and personal happiness, or adds value
to property; advantage; profit.
Men have no right to what is not for their benefit. Burke.

3. A theatrical performance, a concert, or the like, the proceeds of
which do not go to the lessee of the theater or to the company, but
to some individual actor, or to some charitable use.

4. Beneficence; liberality. [Obs.] Webster (1623).

5. pl.

Defn: Natural advantaged; endowments; accomplishments. [R.] "The
benefits of your own country." Shak. Benefit of clergy. (Law) See
under Clergy.

Syn.
 -- Profit; service; use; avail. See Advantage.

BENEFIT
Ben"e*fit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Benefited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Benefitting.]

Defn: To be beneficial to; to do good to; to advantage; to advance in
health or prosperity; to be useful to; to profit.
I will repent of the good, wherewith I said I would benefit them.
Jer. xviii. 10.

BENEFIT
Ben"e*fit, v. i.

Defn: To gain advantage; to make improvement; to profit; as, he will
benefit by the change.

BENEFITER
Ben"e*fit`er, n.

Defn: One who confers a benefit; -- also, one who receives a benefit.

BENEFIT SOCIETY
Benefit society.

Defn: A society or association formed for mutual insurance, as among
tradesmen or in labor unions, to provide for relief in sickness, old
age, and for the expenses of burial. Usually called friendly society
in Great Britain.

BENEME
Be*neme", v. t. Etym: [AS. ben. Cf. Benim.]

Defn: To deprive (of), or take away (from). [Obs.]

BENEMPT
Be*nempt", p. p.

Defn: of Bename.

1. Promised; vowed. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Named; styled. [Archaic] Sir W. Scott.

BENE PLACITO
Be`ne plac"i*to. Etym: [It. beneplacito pleasure, fr. L. bene well +
placitus pleasing.]

1. At or during pleasure.
For our English judges there never was . . . any bene placito as
their tenure. F. Harrison.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: At pleasure; ad libitum.

BENET
Be*net", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Benetted.]

Defn: To catch in a net; to insnare. Shak.

BENEVOLENCE
Be*nev"o*lence, n. Etym: [OF. benevolence, L. benevolentia. See
Benevolent.]

1. The disposition to do good; good will; charitableness; love of
mankind, accompanied with a desire to promote their happiness.
The wakeful benevolence of the gospel. Chalmers.

2. An act of kindness; good done; charity given.

3. A species of compulsory contribution or tax, which has sometimes
been illegally exacted by arbitrary kings of England, and falsely
represented as a gratuity.

Syn.
 -- Benevolence, Beneficence, Munificence. Benevolence marks a
disposition made up of a choice and desire for the happiness of
others. Beneficence marks the working of this disposition in
dispensing good on a somewhat broad scale. Munificence shows the same
disposition, but acting on a still broader scale, in conferring gifts
and favors. These are not necessarily confined to objects of
immediate utility. One may show his munificence in presents of
pictures or jewelry, but this would not be beneficence. Benevolence
of heart; beneficence of life; munificence in the encouragement of
letters.

BENEVOLENT
Be*nev"o*lent, a. Etym: [L. benevolens, -entis; bene well (adv. of
bonus good) + volens, p. pr. of volo I will, I wish. See Bounty, and
Voluntary.]

Defn: Having a disposition to do good; possessing or manifesting love
to mankind, and a desire to promote their prosperity and happiness;
disposed to give to good objects; kind; charitable.
 -- Be*nev"o*lent*ly, adv.

Syn.
 -- Benevolent, Beneficent. Etymologically considered, benevolent
implies wishing well to others, and beneficent, doing well. But by
degrees the word benevolent has been widened to include not only
feelings, but actions; thus, we speak of benevolent operations,
benevolent labors for the public good, benevolent societies. In like
manner, beneficent is now often applied to feelings; thus, we speak
of the beneficent intentions of a donor. This extension of the terms
enables us to mark nicer shades of meaning. Thus, the phrase
"benevolent labors" turns attention to the source of these labors,
viz., benevolent feeling; while beneficent would simply mark them as
productive of good. So, "beneficent intentions" point to the feelings
of the donor as bent upon some specific good act; while "benevolent
intentions" would only denote a general wish and design to do good.

BENEVOLOUS
Be*nev"o*lous, a. Etym: [L. benevolus.]

Defn: Kind; benevolent. [Obs.] T. Puller.

BENGAL
Ben*gal", n.

1. A province in India, giving its name to various stuffs, animals,
etc.

2. A thin stuff, made of silk and hair, originally brought from
Bengal.

3. Striped gingham, originally brought from Bengal; Bengal stripes.
Bengal light, a firework containing niter, sulphur, and antimony, and
producing a sustained and vivid colored light, used in making signals
and in pyrotechnics; -- called also blue light.
 -- Bengal stripes, a kind of cotton cloth woven with colored
stripes. See Bengal, 3.
 -- Bengal tiger. (Zoöl.). See Tiger.

BENGALEE; BENGALI
Ben*gal"ee, Ben*gal"i, n.

Defn: The language spoken in Bengal.

BENGALESE
Ben`gal*ese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Bengal.
 -- n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of Bengal.

BENGOLA
Ben*go"la, n.

Defn: A Bengal light.

BENIGHT
Be*night", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Benighted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Benighting.]

1. To involve in darkness; to shroud with the shades of night; to
obscure. [Archaic]
The clouds benight the sky. Garth.

2. To overtake with night or darkness, especially before the end of a
day's journey or task.
Some virgin, sure, . . . benighted in these woods. Milton.

3. To involve in moral darkness, or ignorance; to debar from
intellectual light.
Shall we to men benighted The lamp of life deny Heber.

BENIGHTMENT
Be*night"ment, n.

Defn: The condition of being benighted.

BENIGN
Be*nign", a. Etym: [OE. benigne, bening, OF. benigne, F. bénin, fem.
bénigne, fr. L. benignus, contr. from benigenus; bonus good + root of
genus kind. See Bounty, and Genus.]

1. Of a kind or gentle disposition; gracious; generous; favorable;
benignant.
Creator bounteous and benign. Milton.

2. Exhibiting or manifesting kindness, gentleness, favor, etc.; mild;
kindly; salutary; wholesome.
Kind influences and benign aspects. South.

3. Of a mild type or character; as, a benign disease.

Syn.
 -- Kind; propitious; bland; genial; salubrious; favorable salutary;
gracious; liberal.

BENIGNANCY
Be*nig"nan*cy, n.

Defn: Benignant quality; kindliness.

BENIGNANT
Be*nig"nant, a. Etym: [LL. benignans, p. pr. of benignare, from L.
benignus. See Benign.]

Defn: Kind; gracious; favorable.
 -- Be*nig"nant*ly, adv.

BENIGNITY
Be*nig"ni*ty, n. Etym: [OE. benignite, F. bénignité, OF. bénigneté,
fr. L. benignitas. See Benign.]

1. The quality of being benign; goodness; kindness; graciousness.
"Benignity of aspect." Sir W. Scott.

2. Mildness; gentleness.
The benignity or inclemency of the season. Spectator.

3. Salubrity; wholesome quality. Wiseman.

BENIGNLY
Be*nign"ly, adv.

Defn: In a benign manner.

BENIM
Be*nim", v. t. Etym: [AS. beniman. See Benumb, and cf. Nim.]

Defn: To take away. [Obs.]
Ire . . . benimeth the man fro God. Chaucer.

BENISON
Ben"i*son, n. Etym: [OE. beneysun, benesoun, OF. beneï, beneïson, fr.
L. benedictio, fr. benedicere to bless; bene (adv. of bonus good) +
dicere to say. See Bounty, and Diction, and cf. Benediction.]

Defn: Blessing; beatitude; benediction. Shak.
More precious than the benison of friends. Talfourd.

BENITIER
Bé*ni"tier`, n. Etym: [F., fr. bénir to bless.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A holy-water stoup. Shipley.

BENJAMIN
Ben"ja*min, n. Etym: [Corrupted from benzoin.]

Defn: See Benzoin.

BENJAMIN
Ben"ja*min, n.

Defn: A kind of upper coat for men. [Colloq. Eng.]

BENJAMITE
Ben"ja*mite, n.

Defn: A descendant of Benjamin; one of the tribe of Benjamin. Judg.
iii. 15.

BENNE
Ben"ne, n. Etym: [Malay bijen.] (Bot.)

Defn: The name of two plants (Sesamum orientale and S. indicum),
originally Asiatic; -- also called oil plant. From their seeds an oil
is expressed, called benne oil, used mostly for making soap. In the
southern United States the seeds are used in candy.

BENNET
Ben"net, n. Etym: [F. benoîte, fr. L. benedicta, fem. of benedictus,
p. p., blessed. See Benedict, a.] (Bot.)

Defn: The common yellow-flowered avens of Europe (Geum urbanum); herb
bennet. The name is sometimes given to other plants, as the hemlock,
valerian, etc.

BENSHEE
Ben"shee, n.

Defn: See Banshee.

BENT
Bent,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Bend.

BENT
Bent, a. & p. p.

1. Changed by pressure so as to be no longer straight; crooked; as, a
bent pin; a bent lever.

2. Strongly inclined toward something, so as to be resolved,
determined, set, etc.; -- said of the mind, character, disposition,
desires, etc., and used with on; as, to be bent on going to college;
he is bent on mischief.

BENT
Bent, n. Etym: [See Bend, n. & v.]

1. The state of being curved, crooked, or inclined from a straight
line; flexure; curvity; as, the bent of a bow. [Obs.] Wilkins.

2. A declivity or slope, as of a hill. [R.] Dryden.

3. A leaning or bias; proclivity; tendency of mind; inclination;
disposition; purpose; aim. Shak.
With a native bent did good pursue. Dryden.

4. Particular direction or tendency; flexion; course.
Bents and turns of the matter. Locke.

5. (Carp.)

Defn: A transverse frame of a framed structure.

6. Tension; force of acting; energy; impetus. [Archaic]
The full bent and stress of the soul. Norris.

Syn.
 -- Predilection; turn. Bent, Bias, Inclination, Prepossession. These
words agree in describing a permanent influence upon the mind which
tends to decide its actions. Bent denotes a fixed tendency of the
mind in a given direction. It is the widest of these terms, and
applies to the will, the intellect, and the affections, taken
conjointly; as, the whole bent of his character was toward evil
practices. Bias is literally a weight fixed on one side of a ball
used in bowling, and causing it to swerve from a straight course.
Used figuratively, bias applies particularly to the judgment, and
denotes something which acts with a permanent force on the character
through that faculty; as, the bias of early education, early habits,
etc. Inclination is an excited state of desire or appetency; as, a
strong inclination to the study of the law. Prepossession is a
mingled state of feeling and opinion in respect to some person or
subject, which has laid hold of and occupied the mind previous to
inquiry. The word is commonly used in a good sense, an unfavorable
impression of this kind being denominated a prejudice. "Strong minds
will be strongly bent, and usually labor under a strong bias; but
there is no mind so weak and powerless as not to have its
inclinations, and none so guarded as to be without its
prepossessions." Crabb.

BENT
Bent, n. Etym: [AS. beonet; akin to OHG. pinuz, G. binse, rush, bent
grass; of unknown origin.]

1. A reedlike grass; a stalk of stiff, coarse grass.
His spear a bent, both stiff and strong. Drayton.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A grass of the genus Agrostis, esp. Agrostis vulgaris, or
redtop. The name is also used of many other grasses, esp. in America.

3. Any neglected field or broken ground; a common; a moor. [Obs.]
Wright.
Bowmen bickered upon the bent. Chevy Chase.

BENT GRASS
Bent" grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Bent, a kind of grass.

BENTHAL
Ben"thal, a. Etym: [Gr. the depth of the sea.]

Defn: Relating to the deepest zone or region of the ocean.

BENTHAMIC
Ben*tham"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Bentham or Benthamism.

BENTHAMISM
Ben"tham*ism, n.

Defn: That phase of the doctrine of utilitarianism taught by Jeremy
Bentham; the doctrine that the morality of actions is estimated and
determined by their utility; also, the theory that the sensibility to
pleasure and the recoil from pain are the only motives which
influence human desires and actions, and that these are the
sufficient explanation of ethical and jural conceptions.

BENTHAMITE
Ben"tham*ite, n.

Defn: One who believes in Benthamism.

BENTHOS
Ben"thos, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  depth of the sea.]

Defn: The bottom of the sea, esp. of the deep oceans; hence (Bot. &
Zoöl.), the fauna and flora of the sea bottom; -- opposed to
plankton.

BENTING TIME
Bent"ing time".

Defn: The season when pigeons are said to feed on bents, before peas
are ripe.
Bare benting times . . . may come. Dryden.

BENTY
Bent"y, a.

1. A bounding in bents, or the stalks of coarse, stiff, withered
grass; as, benty fields.

2. Resembling bent. Holland.

BENUMB
Be*numb", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Benumbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Benumbing.]
Etym: [OE. binomen, p. p. of binimen to take away, AS. beniman; pref.
be + niman to take. See Numb, a., and cf. Benim.]

Defn: To make torpid; to deprive of sensation or sensibility; to
stupefy; as, a hand or foot benumbed by cold.
The creeping death benumbed her senses first. Dryden.

BENUMBED
Be*numbed", a.

Defn: Made torpid; numbed; stupefied; deadened; as, a benumbed body
and mind.
 -- Be*numbed"ness, n.

BENUMBMENT
Be*numb"ment, n.

Defn: Act of benumbing, or state of being benumbed; torpor. Kirby.

BENZAL
Ben"zal, n. Etym: [Benzoic + aldehyde.] (Chem.)

Defn: A transparent crystalline substance,

BENZAMIDE
Ben*zam"ide, n. Etym: [Benzoin + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A transparent crystalline substance, C6H5.CO.NH2, obtained by
the action of ammonia upon chloride of benzoyl, as also by several
other reactions with benzoyl compounds.

BENZENE
Ben"zene, n. Etym: [From Benzoin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A volatile, very inflammable liquid, C6H6, contained in the
naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which
it is separated by fractional distillation. The name is sometimes
applied also to the impure commercial product or benzole, and also,
but rarely, to a similar mixed product of petroleum. Benzene nucleus,
Benzene ring (Chem.), a closed chain or ring, consisting of six
carbon atoms, each with one hydrogen atom attached, regarded as the
type from which the aromatic compounds are derived. This ring formula
is provisionally accepted as representing the probable constitution
of the benzene molecule, C6H6, and as the type on which its
derivatives are formed.

BENZILE
Ben"zile, n. Etym: [From Benzoin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellowish crystalline substance, C6H5.CO.CO.C6H5, formed from
benzoin by the action of oxidizing agents, and consisting of a
doubled benzoyl radical.

BENZINE
Ben"zine, n. Etym: [From Benzoin.] (Chem.)

1. A liquid consisting mainly of the lighter and more volatile
hydrocarbons of petroleum or kerosene oil, used as a solvent and for
cleansing soiled fabrics; -- called also petroleum spirit, petroleum
benzine. Varieties or similar products are gasoline, naphtha,
rhigolene, ligroin, etc.

2. Same as Benzene. [R.]

Note: The hydrocarbons of benzine proper are essentially of the marsh
gas series, while benzene proper is the typical hydrocarbon of the
aromatic series.

BENZOATE
Ben"zo*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. benzoate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt formed by the union of benzoic acid with any salifiable
base.

BENZOIC
Ben*zo"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. benzoïque.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, benzoin. Benzoic acid, or
flowers of benzoin, a peculiar vegetable acid, C6H5.CO2H, obtained
from benzoin, and some other balsams, by sublimation or decoction. It
is also found in the urine of infants and herbivorous animals. It
crystallizes in the form of white, satiny flakes; its odor is
aromatic; its taste is pungent, and somewhat acidulous.
 -- Benzoic aldehyde, oil of bitter almonds; the aldehyde, C6H5.CHO,
intermediate in composition between benzoic or benzyl alcohol, and
benzoic acid. It is a thin colorless liquid.

BENZOIN
Ben*zoin", n. Etym: [Cf. F. benjoin, Sp. benjui, Pg. beijoin; all fr.
Ar. luban-jawi incense form Sumatra (named Java in Arabic), the first
syllable being lost. Cf. Benjamin.]

Note: [Called also benjamin.]

1. A resinous substance, dry and brittle, obtained from the Styrax
benzoin, a tree of Sumatra, Java, etc., having a fragrant odor, and
slightly aromatic taste. It is used in the preparation of benzoic
acid, in medicine, and as a perfume.

2. A white crystalline substance, C14H12O2, obtained from benzoic
aldehyde and some other sources.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The spicebush (Lindera benzoin). Flowers of benzoin, benzoic
acid. See under Benzoic.

BENZOINATED
Ben*zoin"a*ted, a. (Med.)

Defn: Containing or impregnated with benzoin; as, benzoinated lard.

BENZOLE; BENZOL
Ben"zole Ben"zol, n. Etym: [Benzoin + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: An impure benzene, used in the arts as a solvent, and for
various other purposes. See Benzene.

Note: It has great solvent powers, and is used by manufacturers of
India rubber and gutta percha; also for cleaning soiled kid gloves,
and for other purposes.

BENZOLINE
Ben"zo*line, n. (Chem.)
(a) Same as Benzole.
(b) Same as Amarine. [R.] Watts.

BENZONAPHTHOL; BENZONAPHTOL
Ben`zo*naph"thol, n. Also Ben`zo*naph"tol . [Benzoin + naphthol.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline powder used as an intestinal antiseptic;
beta-naphthol benzoate.

BENZOSOL
Ben"zo*sol, n. (Pharm.)

Defn: Guaiacol benzoate, used as an intestinal antiseptic and as a
substitute for creosote in phthisis. It is a colorless crystalline
pewder.

BENZOYL
Ben"zoyl, n. Etym: [Benzoic + Gr. -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound radical, C6H5.CO; the base of benzoic acid, of the
oil of bitter almonds, and of an extensive series of compounds.
[Formerly written also benzule.]

BENZYL
Ben"zyl, n. Etym: [Benzoic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound radical, C6H5.CH2, related to toluene and benzoic
acid; -- commonly used adjectively.

BEPAINT
Be*paint", v. t.

Defn: To paint; to cover or color with, or as with, paint.
Else would a maiden blush bepaint my cheek. Shak.

BEPELT
Be*pelt", v. t.

Defn: To pelt roundly.

BEPINCH
Be*pinch", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bepinched.]

Defn: To pinch, or mark with pinches. Chapman.

BEPLASTER
Be*plas"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beplastered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Beplastering.]

Defn: To plaster over; to cover or smear thickly; to bedaub.
Beplastered with rouge. Goldsmith.

BEPLUMED
Be*plumed", a.

Defn: Decked with feathers.

BEPOMMEL
Be*pom"mel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bepommeled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bepommeling.]

Defn: To pommel; to beat, as with a stick; figuratively, to assail or
criticise in conversation, or in writing. Thackeray.

BEPOWDER
Be*pow"der, v. t.

Defn: To sprinkle or cover with powder; to powder.

BEPRAISE
Be*praise", v. t.

Defn: To praise greatly or extravagantly. Goldsmith.

BEPROSE
Be*prose", v. t.

Defn: To reduce to prose. [R.] "To beprose all rhyme." Mallet.

BEPUFFED
Be*puffed", a.

Defn: Puffed; praised. Carlyle.

BEPURPLE
Be*pur"ple, v. t.

Defn: To tinge or dye with a purple color.

BEQUEATH
Be*queath", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bequeathed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bequeathing.] Etym: [OE. biquethen, AS. becwe to say, affirm,
bequeath; pref. be- + cwe to say, speak. See Quoth.]

1. To give or leave by will; to give by testament; -- said especially
of personal property.
My heritage, which my dead father did bequeath to me. Shak.

2. To hand down; to transmit.
To bequeath posterity somewhat to remember it. Glanvill.

3. To give; to offer; to commit. [Obs.]
To whom, with all submission, on my knee I do bequeath my faithful
services And true subjection everlastingly. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To Bequeath, Devise. Both these words denote the giving or
disposing of property by will. Devise, in legal usage, is property
used to denote a gift by will of real property, and he to whom it is
given is called the devisee. Bequeath is properly applied to a gift
by will or legacy; i. e., of personal property; the gift is called a
legacy, and he who receives it is called a legatee. In popular usage
the word bequeath is sometimes enlarged so as to embrace devise; and
it is sometimes so construed by courts.

BEQUEATHABLE
Be*queath"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being bequeathed.

BEQUEATHAL
Be*queath"al, n.

Defn: The act of bequeathing; bequeathment; bequest. Fuller.

BEQUEATHMENT
Be*queath"ment, n.

Defn: The act of bequeathing, or the state of being bequeathed; a
bequest.

BEQUEST
Be*quest", n. Etym: [OE. biquest, corrupted fr. bequide; pref. be- +
AS. cwide a saying, becwe to bequeath. The ending -est is probably
due to confusion with quest. See Bequeath, Quest.]

1. The act of bequeathing or leaving by will; as, a bequest of
property by A. to B.

2. That which is left by will, esp. personal property; a legacy;
also, a gift.

BEQUEST
Be*quest", v. t.

Defn: To bequeath, or leave as a legacy. [Obs.] "All I have to
bequest." Gascoigne.

BEQUETHEN
Be*queth"en,

Defn: old p. p. of Bequeath. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BEQUOTE
Be*quote", v. t.

Defn: To quote constantly or with great frequency.

BERAIN
Be*rain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Berained; p. pr. & vb. n. Beraining.]

Defn: To rain upon; to wet with rain. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BERATE
Be*rate", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Berated; p. pr. & vb. n. Berating.]

Defn: To rate or chide vehemently; to scold. Holland. Motley.

BERATTLE
Be*rat"tle (, v. t.

Defn: To make rattle; to scold vociferously; to cry down. [Obs.]
Shak.

BERAY
Be*ray" v.t. Etym: [Pref. be + ray to defile]

Defn: TO make foul; to soil; to defile. [Obs.] Milton.

BERBE
Berbe, n. Etym: [Cf. Berber, Barb a Barbary horse.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African genet (Genetta pardina). See Genet.

BERBER
Ber"ber, n. Etym: [See Barbary.]

Defn: A member of a race somewhat resembling the Arabs, but often
classed as Hamitic, who were formerly the inhabitants of the whole of
North Africa from the Mediterranean southward into the Sahara, and
who still occupy a large part of that region; -- called also Kabyles.
Also, the language spoken by this people.

BERBERINE
Ber"ber*ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid obtained, as a bitter, yellow substance, from the
root of the barberry, gold thread, and other plants.

BERBERRY
Ber"ber*ry,n.

Defn: See Barberry.

BERCEUSE
Ber`ceuse", n. [F.] (Mus.)

Defn: A vocal or instrumental composition of a soft tranquil
character, having a lulling effect; a cradle song.

BERDASH
Ber"dash

Defn: ,n.A kind of neckcloth. [Obs.]
A treatise against the cravat and berdash. Steele.

BERE
Bere

Defn: , v. t. Etym: [Cf. OIcel. berja to strike.] To pierce. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

BERE
Bere

Defn: ,n.See Bear, barley. [Scot.]

BEREAVE
Be*reave" (, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bereaved (, Bereft (; p. pr. & vb.
n. Bereaving.] Etym: [OE. bireven, AS. bereáfian. See Be-, and
Reave.]

1. To make destitute; to deprive; to strip; -- with of before the
person or thing taken away.
Madam, you have bereft me of all words. Shak.
Bereft of him who taught me how to sing. Tickell.

2. To take away from. [Obs.]
All your interest in those territories Is utterly bereft you; all is
lost. Shak.

3. To take away. [Obs.]
Shall move you to bereave my life. Marlowe.

Note: The imp. and past pple. form bereaved is not used in reference
to immaterial objects. We say bereaved or bereft by death of a
relative, bereft of hope and strength.

Syn.
 -- To dispossess; to divest.

BEREAVEMENT
Be*reave"ment, n.

Defn: The state of being bereaved; deprivation; esp., the loss of a
relative by death.

BEREAVER
Be*reav"er, n.

Defn: One who bereaves.

BEREFT
Be*reft", imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Bereave.

BERENICE'S HAIR
Ber`e*ni"ce's Hair`. [See Berenice's, Locks, in Dictionary of Noted
Names in Fiction.] (Astron.)

Defn: See Coma Berenices, under Coma.

BERETTA
Be*ret"ta, n.

Defn: Same as Berretta.

BERG
Berg, n. Etym: [sq. root95. See Barrow hill, and cf. Iceberg.]

Defn: A large mass or hill, as of ice.
Glittering bergs of ice. Tennyson
.

BERGAMOT
Ber"ga*mot, n. Etym: [F. bergamote, fr. It. bergamotta; prob. a
corruption of Turk. beg arm

1 . (Bot.)
(a) A tree of the Orange family (Citrus bergamia), having a roundish
or pear-shaped fruit, from the rind of which an essential oil of
delicious odor is extracted, much prized as a perfume. Also, the
fruit. (b) A variety of mint (Mentha aquatica, var. glabrata).

2. The essence or perfume made from the fruit.

3. A variety of pear. Johnson.

4. A variety of snuff perfumed with bergamot.
The better hand . . . gives the nose its bergamot. Cowper
.

5. A coarse tapestry, manufactured from flock of cotton or hemp,
mixed with ox's or goat's hair; -- said to have been invented at
Bergamo, Italy. Encyc. Brit. Wild bergamot (Bot.), an American herb
of the Mint family (Monarda fistulosa).

BERGANDER
Ber"gan*der, n. Etym: [Berg, for burrow + gander a male goose Cf. G.
bergente, Dan. gravgaas.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European duck (Anas tadorna). See Sheldrake.

BERGERET
Ber"ger*et, n. Etym: [OF. bergerete, F. berger a shepherd.]

Defn: A pastoral song. [Obs.]

BERGH
Bergh, n. Etym: [AS. beorg.]

Defn: A hill. [Obs.]

BERGMASTER
Berg"mas`ter, n.

Defn: See Barmaster.

BERGMEAL
Berg"meal, n. Etym: [G. berg mountain + mehl meal.]

Defn: (Min.) An earthy substance, resembling fine flour. It is
composed of the shells of infusoria, and in Lapland and Sweden is
sometimes eaten, mixed with flour or ground birch bark, in times of
scarcity. This name is also given to a white powdery variety of
calcite.

BERGMOTE
Berg"mote, n.

Defn: See Barmote.

BERGOMASK
Ber"go*mask, n.

Defn: A rustic dance, so called in ridicule of the people of Bergamo,
in Italy, once noted for their clownishness.

BERGSCHRUND
Berg"schrund`, n. [G., lit., mountain gap.] (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: The crevasse or series of crevasses, usually deep and often
broad, frequently occurring near the head of a mountain glacier,
about where the névé field joins the valley portion of the glacier.

BERGSTOCK
Berg"stock`, n. [G., lit., mountain stick.]

Defn: A long pole with a spike at the end, used in climbing
mountains; an alpenstock.

BERGYLT
Ber"gylt, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Norway haddock. See Rosefish.

BERHYME
Be*rhyme" (, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Berhymed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Berhyming.]

Defn: To mention in rhyme or verse; to rhyme about.

Note: [Sometimes use depreciatively.] Shak.

BERIBERI
Be`ri*be"ri, n. Etym: [Singhalese beri weakness.]

Defn: An acute disease occurring in India, characterized by multiple
inflammatory changes in the nerves, producing great muscular
debility, a painful rigidity of the limbs, and cachexy.

BERIME
Be*rime" (, v. t.

Defn: To berhyme.

Note: [The earlier and etymologically preferable spelling.]

BERING SEA CONTROVERSY
Be"ring Sea Controversy.

Defn: A controversy (1886 --93) between Great Britain and the United
States as to the right of Canadians not licensed by the United States
to carry on seal fishing in the Bering Sea, over which the United
States claimed jurisdiction as a mare clausum. A court of
arbitration, meeting in Paris in 1893, decided against the claim of
the United States, but established regulations for the preservation
of the fur seal.

BERKELEIAN
Berke*le"ian

Defn: ,a.Of or relating to Bishop Berkeley or his system of idealism;
as, Berkeleian philosophy.
 -- Berke"ley*ism, n.

BERLIN
Ber"lin, n. Etym: [The capital of Prussia]

1. A four-wheeled carriage, having a sheltered seat behind the body
and separate from it, invented in the 17th century, at Berlin.

2. Fine worsted for fancy-work; zephyr worsted; -- called also Berlin
wool. Berlin black, a black varnish, drying with almost a dead
surface; -- used for coating the better kinds of ironware. Ure.
 -- Berlin blue, Prussian blue. Ure.
 -- Berlin green, a complex cyanide of iron, used as a green dye, and
similar to Prussian blue.
 -- Berlin iron, a very fusible variety of cast iron, from which
figures and other delicate articles are manufactured. These are often
stained or lacquered in imitation of bronze.
 -- Berlin shop, a shop for the sale of worsted embroidery and the
materials for such work.
 -- Berlin work, worsted embroidery.

BERM; BERME
Berm Berme, n. Etym: [F. berme, of German origin; cf. G. brame,
bräme, border, akin to E. brim.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A narrow shelf or path between the bottom of a parapet and the
ditch.

2. (Engineering)

Defn: A ledge at the bottom of a bank or cutting, to catch earth that
may roll down the slope, or to strengthen the bank.

BERMUDA GRASS
Ber*mu"da grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of grass (Cynodon Dactylon) esteemed for pasture in the
Southern United States. It is a native of Southern Europe, but is now
wide-spread in warm countries; -- called also scutch grass, and in
Bermuda, devil grass.

BERMUDA LILY
Ber*mu"da lil"y. (Bot.)

Defn: The large white lily (Lilium longiflorum eximium, syn. L.
Harrisii) which is extensively cultivated in Bermuda.

BERNACLE
Ber"na*cle, n.

Defn: See Barnacle.

BERNA FLY
Ber"na fly`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Brazilian dipterous insect of the genus Trypeta, which lays
its eggs in the nostrils or in wounds of man and beast, where the
larvæ do great injury.

BERNARDINE
Ber"nar*dine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to St. Bernard of Clairvaux, or to the
Cistercian monks.
 -- n.

Defn: A Cistercian monk.

BERNESE
Ber*nese", a.

Defn: Pertaining to the city o -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or natives of Bern.

BERNICLE
Ber"ni*cle, n. Etym: [OE. bernak, bernacle; cf. OF. bernac; prob. fr.
LL. bernacula for hibernicula, bernicula, fr. Hibernia; the birds
coming from Hibernia or Ireland. Cf. 1st Barnacle.]

Defn: A bernicle goose. [Written also barnacle.] Bernicle goose
(Zoöl.), a goose (Branta leucopsis), of Arctic Europe and America. It
was formerly believed that it hatched from the cirripeds of the sea
(Lepas), which were, therefore, called barnacles, goose barnacles, or
Anatifers. The name is also applied to other related species. See
Anatifa and Cirripedia.

BERNOUSE
Ber*nouse", n.

Defn: Some as Burnoose.

BEROB
Be*rob", v. t.

Defn: To rob; to plunder. [Obs.]

BEROE
Ber"o*e, n. Etym: [L. Beroe, one of the Oceanidæ Gr. : cf. F. beroé.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, oval, transparent jellyfish, belonging to the
Ctenophora.

BERRETTA
Ber*ret"ta, n. Etym: [It., fr. LL. birrettum, berretum, a cap, dim.
of L. birrus, birrum, a cloak to keep off rain, cf. Gr. tawny, red:
cf. Sp. birreta, Pg. barrete, and E. Barret.]

Defn: A square cap worn by ecclesiastics of the Roman Catholic
Church. A cardinal's berretta is scarlet; that worn by other clerics
is black, except that a bishop's is lined with green. [Also spelt
beretta, biretta, etc.]

BERRIED
Ber"ried, a.

Defn: Furnished with berries; consisting of a berry; baccate; as, a
berried shrub.

BERRY
Ber"ry, n.; pl. Berries. Etym: [OE. berie, AS. berie, berige; akin to
D. bes, G. beere, OS. and OHG. beri, Icel. ber, Sw. bär, Goth. basi,
and perh. Skr. bhas to eat.]

1. Any small fleshy fruit, as the strawberry, mulberry, huckleberry,
etc.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A small fruit that is pulpy or succulent throughout, having
seeds loosely imbedded in the pulp, as the currant, grape, blueberry.

3. The coffee bean.

4. One of the ova or eggs of a fish. Travis. In berry, containing ova
or spawn.

BERRY
Ber"ry, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Berried; p. pr. & vb. n. Berrying.]

Defn: To bear or produce berries.

BERRY
Ber"ry, n. Etym: [AS. beorh. See Barrow a hill.]

Defn: A mound; a hillock. W. Browne.

BERRYING
Ber"ry*ing, n.

Defn: A seeking for or gathering of berries, esp. of such as grow
wild.

BERSEEM
Ber*seem", n. [Ar. bershim clover.]

Defn: An Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) extensively
cultivated as a forage plant and soil-renewing crop in the alkaline
soils of the Nile valley, and now introduced into the southwestern
United States. It is more succulent than other clovers or than
alfalfa. Called also Egyptian clover.

BERSERK; BERSERKER
Ber"serk, Ber"serk*er, n. Etym: [Icel. berserkr.]

1. (Scand. Myth.)

Defn: One of a class of legendary heroes, who fought frenzied by
intoxicating liquors, and naked, regardless of wounds. Longfellow.

2. One who fights as if frenzied, like a Berserker.

BERSTLE
Bers"tle, n.

Defn: See Bristle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BERTH
Berth, n. Etym: [From the root of bear to produce, like birth
nativity. See Birth.] [Also written birth.]

1. (Naut.)
(a) Convenient sea room.
(b) A room in which a number of the officers or ship's company mess
and reside.
(c) The place where a ship lies when she is at anchor, or at a wharf.

2. An allotted place; an appointment; situation or employment. "He
has a good berth." Totten.

3. A place in a ship to sleep in; a long box or shelf on the side of
a cabin or stateroom, or of a railway car, for sleeping in. Berth
deck, the deck next below the lower gun deck. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
 -- To give (the land or any object) a wide berth, to keep at a
distance from it.

BERTH
Berth, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Berthed; p. pr. & vb. n. Berthing.]

1. To give an anchorage to, or a place to lie at; to place in a
berth; as, she was berthed stem to stern with the Adelaide.

2. To allot or furnish berths to, on shipboard; as, to berth a ship's
company. Totten.

BERTHA
Ber"tha, n. Etym: [F. berthe, fr. Berthe, a woman's name.]

Defn: A kind of collar or cape worn by ladies.

BERTHAGE
Berth"age, n.

Defn: A place for mooring vessels in a dock or harbor.

BERTHIERITE
Ber"thi*er*ite, n. Etym: [From Berthier, a French naturalist.] (Min.)

Defn: A double sulphide of antimony and iron, of a dark steel-gray
color.

BERTHING
Berth"ing, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The planking outside of a vessel, above the sheer strake.
Smyth.

BERTILLON SYSTEM
Ber`til`lon" sys"tem. [After Alphonse Bertillon, French
anthropologist.]

Defn: A system for the identification of persons by a physical
description based upon anthropometric measurements, notes of
markings, deformities, color, impression of thumb lines, etc.

BERTRAM
Ber"tram, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. L. pyrethrum, Gr. a hot spicy
plant, fr. fire.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pellitory of Spain (Anacyclus pyrethrum).

BERYCOID
Ber"y*coid, a. Etym: [NL. beryx, the name of the typical genus + -
oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Berycidæ, a family of marine fishes.

BERYL
Ber"yl, n. Etym: [F. béryl, OF. beril, L. beryllus, Gr. , prob. fr.
Skr. vaid. Cf. Brilliant.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of great hardness, and, when transparent, of much
beauty. It occurs in hexagonal prisms, commonly of a green or bluish
green color, but also yellow, pink, and white. It is a silicate of
aluminium and glucinum (beryllium). The aquamarine is a transparent,
sea-green variety used as a gem. The emerald is another variety
highly prized in jewelry, and distinguished by its deep color, which
is probably due to the presence of a little oxide of chromium.

BERYLLINE
Ber"yl*line, a.

Defn: Like a beryl; of a light or bluish green color.

BERYLLIUM
Be*ryl"li*um (, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: A metallic element found in the beryl. See Glucinum.

BERYLLOID
Ber"yl*loid, n. Etym: [Beryl + -oid.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A solid consisting of a double twelve-sided pyramid; -- so
called because the planes of this form occur on crystals of beryl.

BESAIEL; BESAILE; BESAYLE
Be*saiel", Be*saile", Be*sayle" (, n. Etym: [OF. beseel, F. bisaïeul,
fr. L. bis twice + LL. avolus, dim. of L. avus grandfather.]

1. A great-grandfather. [Obs.]

2. (Law)

Defn: A kind of writ which formerly lay where a great-grandfather
died seized of lands in fee simple, and on the day of his death a
stranger abated or entered and kept the heir out. This is now
abolished. Blackstone.

BESAINT
Be*saint", v. t.

Defn: To make a saint of.

BESANT
Be*sant", n.

Defn: See Bezant.

BES-ANTLER
Bes-ant"ler, n.

Defn: Same as Bez-antler.

BESCATTER
Be*scat"ter, v. t.

1. To scatter over.

2. To cover sparsely by scattering (something); to strew. "With
flowers bescattered." Spenser.

BESCORN
Be*scorn", v. t.

Defn: To treat with scorn. "Then was he bescorned." Chaucer.

BESCRATCH
Be*scratch", v. t.

Defn: To tear with the nails; to cover with scratches.

BESCRAWL
Be*scrawl", v. t.

Defn: To cover with scrawls; to scribble over. Milton.

BESCREEN
Be*screen", v. t.

Defn: To cover with a screen, or as with a screen; to shelter; to
conceal. Shak.

BESCRIBBLE
Be*scrib"ble, v. t.

Defn: To scribble over. "Bescribbled with impertinences." Milton.

BESCUMBER; BESCUMMER
Be*scum"ber, Be*scum"mer, v. t. Etym: [Pref. be- + scumber, scummer.]

Defn: To discharge ordure or dung upon. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

BESEE
Be*see", v. t. & i. Etym: [AS. beseón; pref. be- + to see.]

Defn: To see; to look; to mind. [Obs.] Wyclif.

BESEECH
Be*seech", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Besought; p. pr. & vb. n. Beseeching.]
Etym: [OE. bisechen, biseken (akin to G. besuchen to visit); pref.
be- + sechen, seken, to seek. See Seek.]

1. To ask or entreat with urgency; to supplicate; to implore.
I beseech you, punish me not with your hard thoughts. Shak.
But Eve . . . besought his peace. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To beg; to crave.
 -- To Beseech, Entreat, Solicit, Implore, Supplicate. These words
agree in marking that sense of want which leads men to beg some
favor. To solicit is to make a request, with some degree of
earnestness and repetition, of one whom we address as a superior. To
entreat implies greater urgency, usually enforced by adducing reasons
or arguments. To beseech is still stronger, and belongs rather to the
language of poetry and imagination. To implore denotes increased
fervor of entreaty, as addressed either to equals or superiors. To
supplicate expresses the extreme of entreaty, and usually implies a
state of deep humiliation. Thus, a captive supplicates a conqueror to
spare his life. Men solicit by virtue of their interest with another;
they entreat in the use of reasoning and strong representations; they
beseech with importunate earnestness; they implore from a sense of
overwhelming distress; they supplicate with a feeling of the most
absolute inferiority and dependence.

BESEECH
Be*seech", n.

Defn: Solicitation; supplication. [Obs. or Poetic] Shak.

BESEECHER
Be*seech"er, n.

Defn: One who beseeches.

BESEECHING
Be*seech"ing, a.

Defn: Entreating urgently; imploring; as, a beseeching look.
 -- Be*seech"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Be*seech"ing*ness, n.

BESEECHMENT
Be*seech"ment, n.

Defn: The act of beseeching or entreating earnestly. [R.] Goodwin.

BESEEK
Be*seek", v. t.

Defn: To beseech. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BESEEM
Be*seem", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beseemed; p. pr. & vb. n. Beseeming.]
Etym: [Pref. be- + seem.]

Defn: Literally: To appear or seem (well, ill, best, etc.) for (one)
to do or to have. Hence: To be fit, suitable, or proper for, or
worthy of; to become; to befit.
A duty well beseeming the preachers. Clarendon.
What form of speech or behavior beseemeth us, in our prayers to God
Hocker.

BESEEM
Be*seem", v. i.

Defn: To seem; to appear; to be fitting. [Obs.] "As beseemed best."
Spenser.

BESEEMING
Be*seem"ing, n.

1. Appearance; look; garb. [Obs.]
I . . . did company these three in poor beseeming. Shak.

2. Comeliness. Baret.

BESEEMING
Be*seem"ing, a.

Defn: Becoming; suitable. [Archaic] -- Be*seem"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Be*seem"ing*ness, n.

BESEEMLY
Be*seem"ly, a.

Defn: Fit; suitable; becoming. [Archaic]
In beseemly order sitten there. Shenstone.

BESEEN
Be*seen", a. Etym: [Properly the p. p. of besee.]

1. Seen; appearing. [Obs. or Archaic]

2. Decked or adorned; clad. [Archaic] Chaucer.

3. Accomplished; versed. [Archaic] Spenser.

BESET
Be*set", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beset; p. pr. & vb. n. Besetting.] Etym:
[AS. besettan (akin to OHG. bisazjan, G. besetzen, D. bezetten);
pref. be- + settan to set. See Set.]

1. To set or stud (anything) with ornaments or prominent objects.
A robe of azure beset with drops of gold. Spectator.
The garden is so beset with all manner of sweet shrubs that it
perfumes the air. Evelyn.

2. To hem in; to waylay; to surround; to besiege; to blockade. "Beset
with foes." Milton.
Let thy troops beset our gates. Addison.

3. To set upon on all sides; to perplex; to harass; -- said of
dangers, obstacles, etc. "Adam, sore beset, replied." Milton. "Beset
with ills." Addison. "Incommodities which beset old age." Burke.

4. To occupy; to employ; to use up. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- To surround; inclose; environ; hem in; besiege; encircle;
encompass; embarrass; urge; press.

BESETMENT
Be*set"ment, n.

Defn: The act of besetting, or the state of being beset; also, that
which besets one, as a sin. "Fearing a besetment." Kane.

BESETTER
Be*set"ter, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, besets.

BESETTING
Be*set"ting, a.

Defn: Habitually attacking, harassing, or pressing upon or about; as,
a besetting sin.

BESHINE
Be*shine", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beshone; p. pr. & vb. n. Beshining.]

Defn: To shine upon; to ullumine.

BESHOW
Be*show", n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large food fish (Anoplopoma fimbria) of the north Pacific
coast; -- called also candlefish.

BESHREW
Be*shrew", v. t.

Defn: To curse; to execrate.
Beshrew me, but I love her heartily. Shak.

Note: Often a very mild form of imprecation; sometimes so far from
implying a curse, as to be uttered coaxingly, nay even with some
tenderness. Schmidt.

BESHROUD
Be*shroud", v. t.

Defn: To cover with, or as with, a shroud; to screen.

BESHUT
Be*shut", v. t.

Defn: To shut up or out. [Obs.]

BESIDE
Be*side", prep. Etym: [OE. biside, bisiden, bisides, prep. and adv.,
beside, besides; pref. be- by + side. Cf. Besides, and see Side, n.]

1. At the side of; on one side of. "Beside him hung his bow." Milton.

2. Aside from; out of the regular course or order of; in a state of
deviation from; out of.
[You] have done enough To put him quite beside his patience. Shak.

3. Over and above; distinct from; in addition to.

Note: [In this use besides is now commoner.]
Wise and learned men beside those whose names are in the Christian
records. Addison.
To be beside one's self, to be out ob one's wits or senses.
Paul, thou art beside thyself. Acts xxvi. 24.

Syn.
 -- Beside, Besides. These words, whether used as prepositions or
adverbs, have been considered strictly synonymous, from an early
period of our literature, and have been freely interchanged by our
best writers. There is, however, a tendency, in present usage, to
make the following distinction between them: 1. That beside be used
only and always as a preposition, with the original meaning "by the
side of; " as, to sit beside a fountain; or with the closely allied
meaning "aside from", "apart from", or "out of"; as, this is beside
our present purpose; to be beside one's self with joy. The adverbial
sense to be wholly transferred to the cognate word. 2. That besides,
as a preposition, take the remaining sense "in addition to", as,
besides all this; besides the considerations here offered. "There was
a famine in the land besides the first famine." Gen. xxvi. 1. And
that it also take the adverbial sense of "moreover", "beyond", etc.,
which had been divided between the words; as, besides, there are
other considerations which belong to this case. The following
passages may serve to illustrate this use of the words: --
Lovely Thais sits beside thee. Dryden.
Only be patient till we have appeased The multitude, beside
themselves with fear. Shak.
It is beside my present business to enlarge on this speculation.
Locke.
Besides this, there are persons in certain situations who are
expected to be charitable. Bp. Porteus.
And, besides, the Moor May unfold me to him; there stand I in much
peril. Shak.
That man that does not know those things which are of necessity for
him to know is but an ignorant man, whatever he may know besides.
Tillotson.

Note: See Moreover.

BESIDES; BESIDE
Be*sides", Be*side", adv. Etym: [OE. Same as beside, prep.; the
ending -s is an adverbial one, prop. a genitive sign.]

1. On one side. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shak.

2. More than that; over and above; not included in the number, or in
what has been mentioned; moreover; in addition.
The men said unto Lot, Hast thou here any besides Gen. xix. 12.
To all beside, as much an empty shade, An Eugene living, as a Cæsar
dead. Pope.

Note: These sentences may be considered as elliptical.

BESIDES
Be*sides, prep.

Defn: Over and above; separate or distinct from; in addition to;
other than; else than. See Beside, prep., 3, and Syn. under Beside.
Besides your cheer, you shall have sport. Shak.

BESIEGE
Be*siege", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Besieged; p. pr. & vb. n. Besieging.]
Etym: [OE. bisegen; pref. be- + segen to siege. See Siege.]

Defn: To beset or surround with armed forces, for the purpose of
compelling to surrender; to lay siege to; to beleaguer; to beset.
Till Paris was besieged, famished, and lost. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To environ; hem in; invest; encompass.

BESIEGEMENT
Be*siege"ment, n.

Defn: The act of besieging, or the state of being besieged. Golding.

BESIEGER
Be*sie"ger, n.

Defn: One who besieges; -- opposed to the besieged.

BESIEGING
Be*sie"ging, a.

Defn: That besieges; laying siege to.
 -- Be*sie"ging*ly, adv.

BESIT
Be*sit", v. t. Etym: [Pref. be- + sit.]

Defn: To suit; to fit; to become. [Obs.]

BESLABBER
Be*slab"ber, v. t.

Defn: To beslobber.

BESLAVE
Be*slave", v. t.

Defn: To enslave. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

BESLAVER
Be*slav"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beslavered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Beslavering.]

Defn: To defile with slaver; to beslobber.

BESLIME
Be*slime", v. t.

Defn: To daub with slime; to soil. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

BESLOBBER
Be*slob"ber, v. t.

Defn: To slobber on; to smear with spittle running from the mouth.
Also Fig.: as, to beslobber with praise.

BESLUBBER
Be*slub"ber, v. t.

Defn: To beslobber.

BESMEAR
Be*smear", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Besmeared; p. pr. & vb. n.
Besmearing.]

Defn: To smear with any viscous, glutinous matter; to bedaub; to
soil.
Besmeared with precious balm. Spenser.

BESMEARER
Be*smear"er, n.

Defn: One that besmears.

BESMIRCH
Be*smirch", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Besmirched; p. pr. & vb. n.
Besmirching.]

Defn: To smirch or soil; to discolor; to obscure. Hence: To dishonor;
to sully. Shak.

BESMOKE
Be*smoke", v. t.

1. To foul with smoke.

2. To harden or dry in smoke. Johnson.

BESMUT
Be*smut", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Besmutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Besmutting.]
Etym: [Pref. be- + smut: cf. AS. besmitan, and also OE. besmotren.]

Defn: To blacken with smut; to foul with soot.

BESNOW
Be*snow", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Besnowed.] Etym: [OE. bisnewen, AS.
besniwan; pref. be- + sniwan to snow.]

1. To scatter like snow; to cover thick, as with snow flakes. [R.]
Gower.

2. To cover with snow; to whiten with snow, or as with snow.

BESNUFF
Be*snuff", v. t.

Defn: To befoul with snuff. Young.

BESOGNE
Be*sogne", n. Etym: [F. bisogne.]

Defn: A worthless fellow; a bezonian. [Obs.]

BESOM
Be"som, n. Etym: [OE. besme, besum, AS. besma; akin to D. bezem, OHG
pesamo, G. besen; of uncertain origin.]

Defn: A brush of twigs for sweeping; a broom; anything which sweeps
away or destroys. [Archaic or Fig.]
I will sweep it with the besom of destruction. Isa. xiv. 23.
The housemaid with her besom. W. Irving.

BESOM
Be"som, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Besomed.]

Defn: To sweep, as with a besom. [Archaic or Poetic] Cowper.
Rolls back all Greece, and besoms wide the plain. Barlow.

BESOMER
Be"som*er, n.

Defn: One who uses a besom. [Archaic]

BESORT
Be*sort", v. t.

Defn: To assort or be congruous with; to fit, or become. [Obs.]
Such men as may besort your age. Shak.

BESORT
Be*sort", n.

Defn: Befitting associates or attendants. [Obs.]
With such accommodation and besort As levels with her breeding. Shak.

BESOT
Be*sot", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Besotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Besotting.]

Defn: To make sottish; to make dull or stupid; to stupefy; to
infatuate.
Fools besotted with their crimes. Hudibras.

BESOTTED
Be*sot"ted, a.

Defn: Made sottish, senseless, or infatuated; characterized by
drunken stupidity, or by infatuation; stupefied. "Besotted devotion."
Sir W. Scott.
 -- Be*sot"ted*ly, adv.
 -- Be*sot"ted*ness, n. Milton.

BESOTTINGLY
Be*sot"ting*ly, adv.

Defn: In a besotting manner.

BESOUGHT
Be*sought", p. p.

Defn: of Beseech.

BESPANGLE
Be*span"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bespangled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bespangling.]

Defn: To adorn with spangles; to dot or sprinkle with something
brilliant or glittering.
The grass . . . is all bespangled with dewdrops. Cowper.

BESPATTER
Be*spat"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bespattered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bespattering.]

1. To soil by spattering; to sprinkle, esp. with dirty water, mud, or
anything which will leave foul spots or stains.

2. To asperse with calumny or reproach.
Whom never faction could bespatter. Swift.

BESPAWL
Be*spawl", v. t.

Defn: To daub, soil, or make foul with spawl or spittle. [Obs.]
Milton.

BESPEAK
Be*speak", v. t. [imp. Bespoke, Bespake (Archaic); p. p. Bespoke,
Bespoken (; p. pr. & vb. n. Bespeaking.] Etym: [OE. bispeken, AS.
besprecan, to speak to, accuse; pref. be- + sprecan to speak. See
Speak.]

1. To speak or arrange for beforehand; to order or engage against a
future time; as, to bespeak goods, a right, or a favor.
Concluding, naturally, that to gratify his avarice was to bespeak his
favor. Sir W. Scott.

2. To show beforehand; to foretell; to indicate.
[They] bespoke dangers . . . in order to scare the allies. Swift.

3. To betoken; to show; to indicate by external marks or appearances.
When the abbot of St. Martin was born, he had so little the figure of
a man that it bespoke him rather a monster. Locke.

4. To speak to; to address. [Poetic]
He thus the queen bespoke. Dryden.

BESPEAK
Be*speak", v. i.

Defn: To speak. [Obs.] Milton.

BESPEAK
Be*speak", n.

Defn: A bespeaking. Among actors, a benefit (when a particular play
is bespoken.) "The night of her bespeak." Dickens.

BESPEAKER
Be*speak"er, n.

Defn: One who bespeaks.

BESPECKLE
Be*spec"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bespeckled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bespeckling.]

Defn: To mark with speckles or spots. Milton.

BESPEW
Be*spew", v. t.

Defn: To soil or daub with spew; to vomit on.

BESPICE
Be*spice", v. t.

Defn: To season with spice, or with some spicy drug. Shak.

BESPIRT
Be*spirt", v. t.

Defn: Same as Bespurt.

BESPIT
Be*spit, v. t. [imp. Bespit; p. p. Bespit, Bespitten (; p. pr. & vb.
n. Bespitting.]

Defn: To daub or soil with spittle. Johnson.

BESPOKE
Be*spoke",

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Bespeak.

BESPOT
Be*spot", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bespotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Bespotting.]

Defn: To mark with spots, or as with spots.

BESPREAD
Be*spread", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bespread; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bespreading.]

Defn: To spread or cover over.
The carpet which bespread His rich pavilion's floor. Glover.

BESPRENT
Be*sprent", p. p. Etym: [OE. bespreynt, p. p. of besprengen,
bisprengen, to besprinkle, AS. besprengan, akin to D. & G.
besprengen; pref. be- + sprengan to sprinkle. See Sprinkle.]

Defn: Sprinkled over; strewed.
His face besprent with liquid crystal shines. Shenstone.
The floor with tassels of fir was besprent. Longfellow.

BESPRINKLE
Be*sprin"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Besprinkled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Besprinkling.]

Defn: To sprinkle over; to scatter over.
The bed besprinkles, and bedews the ground. Dryden.

BESPRINKLER
Be*sprin"kler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, besprinkles.

BESPRINKLING
Be*sprin"kling, n.

Defn: The act of sprinkling anything; a sprinkling over.

BESPURT
Be*spurt", v. t.

Defn: To spurt on or over; to asperse. [Obs.] Milton.

BESSEMER STEEL
Bes"se*mer steel` (.

Defn: Steel made directly from cast iron, by burning out a portion of
the carbon and other impurities that the latter contains, through the
agency of a blast of air which is forced through the molten metal; --
so called from Sir Henry Bessemer, an English engineer, the inventor
of the process.

BEST
Best, a.; superl. of Good. Etym: [AS. besta, best, contr. from
betest, betst, betsta; akin to Goth. batists, OHG. pezzisto, G. best,
beste, D. best, Icel. beztr, Dan. best, Sw. bäst. This word has no
connection in origin with good. See Better.]

1. Having good qualities in the highest degree; most good, kind,
desirable, suitable, etc.; most excellent; as, the best man; the best
road; the best cloth; the best abilities.
When he is best, he is a little worse than a man. Shak.
Heaven's last, best gift, my ever new delight. Milton.

2. Most advanced; most correct or complete; as, the best scholar; the
best view of a subject.

3. Most; largest; as, the best part of a week. Best man, the only or
principal groomsman at a wedding ceremony.

BEST
Best, n.

Defn: Utmost; highest endeavor or state; most nearly perfect thing,
or being, or action; as, to do one's best; to the best of our
ability. At best, in the utmost degree or extent applicable to the
case; under the most favorable circumstances; as, life is at best
very short.
 -- For best, finally. [Obs.] "Those constitutions . . . are now
established for best, and not to be mended." Milton.
 -- To get the best of, to gain an advantage over, whether fairly or
unfairly.
 -- To make the best of. (a) To improve to the utmost; to use or
dispose of to the greatest advantage. "Let there be freedom to carry
their commodities where they can make the best of them." Bacon. (b)
To reduce to the least possible inconvenience; as, to make the best
of ill fortune or a bad bargain.

BEST
Best, adv.; superl. of Well.

1. In the highest degree; beyond all others. "Thou serpent! That name
best befits thee." Milton.
He prayeth best, who loveth best All things both great and small.
Coleridge.

2. To the most advantage; with the most success, case, profit,
benefit, or propriety.
Had we best retire I see a storm. Milton.
Had I not best go to her Thackeray.

3. Most intimately; most thoroughly or correctly; as, what is
expedient is best known to himself.

BEST
Best, v. t.

Defn: To get the better of. [Colloq.]

BESTAD
Be*stad", imp. & p. p. of Bestead.

Defn: Beset; put in peril. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BESTAIN
Be*stain", v. t.

Defn: To stain.

BESTAR
Be*star", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bestarred.]

Defn: To sprinkle with, or as with, stars; to decorate with, or as
with, stars; to bestud. "Bestarred with anemones." W. Black.

BESTEAD
Be*stead", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bestead or Bested, also (Obs.) Bestad.
In sense 3 imp. also Besteaded.] Etym: [Pref. be- + stead a place.]

1. To put in a certain situation or condition; to circumstance; to
place. [Only in p. p.]
They shall pass through it, hardly bestead and hungry: . . . and
curse their king and their God. Is. viii. 21.
Many far worse bestead than ourselves. Barrow.

2. To put in peril; to beset.

Note: [Only in p. p.] Chaucer.

3. To serve; to assist; to profit; to avail. Milton.

BESTIAL
Bes"tial, a. Etym: [F. bestial, L. bestialis, fr. bestia beast. See
Beast.]

1. Belonging to a beast, or to the class of beasts.
Among the bestial herds to range. Milton.

2. Having the qualities of a beast; brutal; below the dignity of
reason or humanity; irrational; carnal; beastly; sensual. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Brutish; beastly; brutal; carnal; vile; low; depraved; sensual;
filthy.

BESTIAL
Bes"tial, n.

Defn: A domestic animal; also collectively, cattle; as, other kinds
of bestial. [Scot.]

BESTIALITY
Bes*tial"i*ty, n. Etym: [F. bestialité.]

1. The state or quality of being bestial.

2. Unnatural connection with a beast.

BESTIALIZE
Bes"tial*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bestialized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bestializing.]

Defn: To make bestial, or like a beast; to degrade; to brutalize.
The process of bestializing humanity. Hare.

BESTIALLY
Bes"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a bestial manner.

BESTIARY
Bes"ti*a*ry, n. [LL. bestiarium, fr. L. bestiarius pert. to beasts,
fr. bestia beast: cf. F. bestiaire.]

Defn: A treatise on beasts; esp., one of the moralizing or
allegorical beast tales written in the Middle Ages.

A bestiary . . . in itself one of the numerous mediæval renderings of
the fantastic mystical zoölogy.
Saintsbury.

BESTICK
Be*stick", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bestuck; p. pr. & vb. n. Besticking.]

Defn: To stick over, as with sharp points pressed in; to mark by
infixing points or spots here and there; to pierce.
Truth shall retire Bestuck with slanderous darts. Milton.

BESTILL
Be*still", v. t.

Defn: To make still.

BESTIR
Be*stir", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bestirred; p. pr. & vb. n. Bestirring.]

Defn: To put into brisk or vigorous action; to move with life and
vigor; -- usually with the reciprocal pronoun.
You have so bestirred your valor. Shak.
Rouse and bestir themselves ere well awake. Milton.

BESTORM
Be*storm", v. i. & t.

Defn: To storm. Young.

BESTOW
Be*stow", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bestowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bestowing.]
Etym: [OE. bestowen; pref. be- + stow a place. See Stow.]

1. To lay up in store; to deposit for safe keeping; to stow; to
place; to put. "He bestowed it in a pouch." Sir W. Scott.
See that the women are bestowed in safety. Byron.

2. To use; to apply; to devote, as time or strength in some
occupation.

3. To expend, as money. [Obs.]

4. To give or confer; to impart; -- with on or upon.
Empire is on us bestowed. Cowper.
Though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor. 1 Cor. xiii. 3.

5. To give in marriage.
I could have bestowed her upon a fine gentleman. Tatler.

6. To demean; to conduct; to behave; -- followed by a reflexive
pronoun. [Obs.]
How might we see Falstaff bestow himself to-night in his true colors,
and not ourselves be seen Shak.

Syn.
 -- To give; grant; present; confer; accord.

BESTOWAL
Be*stow"al, n.

Defn: The act of bestowing; disposal.

BESTOWER
Be*stow"er, n.

Defn: One that bestows.

BESTOWMENT
Be*stow"ment, n.

1. The act of giving or bestowing; a conferring or bestowal.
If we consider this bestowment of gifts in this view. Chauncy.

2. That which is given or bestowed.
They almost refuse to give due praise and credit to God's own
bestowments. I. Taylor.

BESTRADDLE
Be*strad"dle, v. t.

Defn: To bestride.

BESTRAUGHT
Be*straught", a. Etym: [Pref. be- + straught; prob. here used for
distraught.]

Defn: Out of one's senses; distracted; mad. [Obs.] Shak.

BESTREAK
Be*streak", v. t.

Defn: To streak.

BESTREW
Be*strew", v. t. [imp. Bestrewed; p. p. Bestrewed, Bestrown (p. pr. &
vb. n. Bestrewing.]

Defn: To strew or scatter over; to besprinkle. [Spelt also bestrow.]
Milton.

BESTRIDE
Be*stride", v. t. [imp. Bestrode, (Obs. or R.) Bestrid (; p. p.
Bestridden, Bestrid, Bestrode; p. pr. & vb. n. Bestriding.] Etym:
[AS. bestridan; pref. be- + stridan to stride.]

1. To stand or sit with anything between the legs, or with the legs
astride; to stand over
That horse that thou so often hast bestrid. Shak.
Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world Like a Colossus. Shak.

2. To step over; to stride over or across; as, to bestride a
threshold.

BESTRODE
Be*strode",

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Bestride.

BESTROWN
Be*strown",

Defn: p. p. of Bestrew.

BESTUCK
Be*stuck",

Defn: imp. & p. p. Bestick.

BESTUD
Be*stud", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bestudded; p. pr. & vb. n. Bestudding.]

Defn: To set or adorn, as with studs or bosses; to set thickly; to
stud; as, to bestud with stars. Milton.

BESWIKE
Be*swike", v. t. Etym: [AS. beswican; be- + swican to deceive,
entice; akin to OS. swikan, OHG. swihhan, Icel. svikja.]

Defn: To lure; to cheat. [Obs.] Gower.

BET
Bet, n. Etym: [Prob. from OE. abet abetting, OF. abet, fr. abeter to
excite, incite. See Abet.]

Defn: That which is laid, staked, or pledged, as between two parties,
upon the event of a contest or any contingent issue; the act of
giving such a pledge; a wager. "Having made his bets." Goldsmith.

BET
Bet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bet, Betted; p. pr. & vb. n. Betting.]

Defn: To stake or pledge upon the event of a contingent issue; to
wager.
John a Gaunt loved him well, and betted much money on his head. Shak.
I'll bet you two to one I'll make him do it. O. W. Holmes.

BET
Bet,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Beat. [Obs.]

BET
Bet, a. & adv.

Defn: An early form of Better. [Obs.] To go bet, to go fast; to
hurry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BETA
Be"ta, n. [Gr. bh	a.]

Defn: The second letter of the Greek alphabet, B, b. See B, and cf.
etymology of Alphabet. Beta (B, b) is used variously for classifying,
as:
 (a) (Astron.) To designate some bright star, usually the second
brightest, of a constellation, as, b Aurigæ.
 (b) (Chem.) To distinguish one of two or more isomers; also, to
indicate the position of substituting atoms or groups in certain
compounds; as, b-naphthol. With acids, it commonly indicates that the
substituent is in union with the carbon atom next to that to which
the carboxyl group is attached.

BETACISM; BETACISMUS
Be"ta*cism,  Be`ta*cis"mus, n.

Defn: Excessive or extended use of the b sound in speech, due to
conversion of other sounds into it, as through inability to
distinguish them from  b, or because of difficulty in pronouncing
them.

BETAINE
Be"ta*ine, n. Etym: [From beta, generic name of the beet.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous base, C5H11NO2, produced artificially, and also
occurring naturally in beetroot molasses and its residues, from which
it is extracted as a white crystalline substance; -- called also
lycine and oxyneurine. It has a sweetish taste.

BETAKE
Be*take", v. t. [imp. Betook; p. p. Betaken; p. pr. & vb. n.
Betaking.] Etym: [Pref. be- + take.]

1. To take or seize. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To have recourse to; to apply; to resort; to go; -- with a
reflexive pronoun.
They betook themselves to treaty and submission. Burke.
The rest, in imitation, to like arms Betook them. Milton.
Whither shall I betake me, where subsist Milton.

3. To commend or intrust to; to commit to. [Obs.]

BETA RAYS
Be"ta rays. (Physics)

Defn: Penetrating rays readily deflected by a magnetic or electric
field, emitted by radioactive substances, as radium. They consist of
negatively charged particles or electrons, apparently the same in
kind as those of the cathode rays, but having much higher velocities
(about 35,000 to 180,000 miles per second).

BETAUGHT
Be*taught",a. Etym: [p. p. of OE. bitechen, AS. bet, to assign,
deliver. See Teach.]

Defn: Delivered; committed in trust. [Obs.]

BETE
Bete, v. t.

Defn: To better; to mend. See Beete. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BETEELA
Be*tee"la, n. Etym: [Pg. beatilha.]

Defn: An East India muslin, formerly used for cravats, veils, etc.
[Obs.]

BETEEM
Be*teem", v. t. Etym: [Pref. be- + an old verb teem to be fitting;
cf. D. betamen to beseem, G. ziemen, Goth. gatiman, and E. tame. See
Tame, a.]

1. To give ; to bestow; to grant; to accord; to consent. [Obs.]
Spenser. Milton.

2. To allow; to permit; to suffer. [Obs.]
So loving to my mother, That he might not beteem the winds of heaven
Visit her face too roughly. Shak.

BETEL
Be"tel, n. Etym: [Pg., fr. Tamil vettilei, prop. meaning, a mere
leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of pepper (Piper betle), the leaves of which are
chewed, with the areca or betel nut and a little shell lime, by the
inhabitants of the East Indies. I is a woody climber with ovate
manynerved leaves.

BETELGUESE
Bet"el*guese, n. Etym: [F. Bételgeuse, of Arabic origin.] (Astron.)

Defn: A bright star of the first magnitude, near one shoulder of
Orion. [Written also Betelgeux and Betelgeuse.]

BETEL NUT
Be"tel nut`.

Defn: The nutlike seed of the areca palm, chewed in the East with
betel leaves (whence its name) and shell lime.

BETE NOIRE
Bête" noire". Etym: [Fr., lit. black beast.]

Defn: Something especially hated or dreaded; a bugbear.

BETHABARA WOOD
Beth*ab"a*ra wood`. (Bot.)

Defn: A highly elastic wood, used for fishing rods, etc. The tree is
unknown, but it is thought to be East Indian.

BETHEL
Beth"el, n. Etym: [Heb. b house of God.]

1. A place of worship; a hallowed spot. S. F. Adams.

2. A chapel for dissenters. [Eng.]

3. A house of worship for seamen.

BETHINK
Be*think", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bethought; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bethinking.] Etym: [AS. be; pref. be- + to think. See Think.]

Defn: To call to mind; to recall or bring to recollection,
reflection, or consideration; to think; to consider; -- generally
followed by a reflexive pronoun, often with of or that before the
subject of thought.
I have bethought me of another fault. Shak.
The rest . . . may . . . bethink themselves, and recover. Milton.
We bethink a means to break it off. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To recollect; remember; reflect.

BETHINK
Be*think", v. i.

Defn: To think; to recollect; to consider. "Bethink ere thou dismiss
us." Byron.

BETHLEHEM
Beth"le*hem, n. Etym: [Heb. b house of food; b house + lekhem food,
lakham to eat. Formerly the name of a hospital for the insane, in
London, which had been the priory of St. Mary of Bethlehem. Cf.
Bedlam.]

1. A hospital for lunatics; -- corrupted into bedlam.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: In the Ethiopic church, a small building attached to a church
edifice, in which the bread for the eucharist is made. Audsley.

BETHLEHEMITE; BETHLEMITE
Beth"le*hem*ite, Beth"lem*ite, n.

1. An inhabitant of Bethlehem in Judea.

2. An insane person; a madman; a bedlamite.

3. One of an extinct English order of monks.

BETHOUGHT
Be*thought",

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Bethink.

BETHRALL
Be*thrall", v. t.

Defn: To reduce to thralldom; to inthrall. [Obs.] Spenser.

BETHUMB
Be*thumb", v. t.

Defn: To handle; to wear or soil by handling; as books. Poe.

BETHUMP
Be*thump", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bethumped, or Bethumpt; p. pr. & vb.
n. Bethumping.]

Defn: To beat or thump soundly. Shak.

BETIDE
Be*tide", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Betided, Obs. Betid; p. pr. & vb. n.
Betiding.] Etym: [OE. bitiden; pref. bi-, be- + tiden, fr. AS. tidan,
to happen, fr. tid time. See Tide.]

Defn: To happen to; to befall; to come to ; as, woe betide the
wanderer.
What will betide the few Milton.

BETIDE
Be*tide", v. i.

Defn: To come to pass; to happen; to occur.
A salve for any sore that may betide. Shak.

Note: Shakespeare has used it with of. "What would betide of me "

BETIME; BETIMES
Be*time", Be*times", adv. Etym: [Pref. be- (for by) + time; that is,
by the proper time. The -s is an adverbial ending.]

1. In good season or time; before it is late; seasonably; early.
To measure life learn thou betimes. Milton.
To rise betimes is often harder than to do all the day's work.
Barrow.

2. In a short time; soon; speedily; forth with.
He tires betimes that spurs too fast betimes. Shak.

BETITLE
Be*ti"tle, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with a title or titles; to entitle. [Obs.] Carlyle.

BETOKEN
Be*to"ken, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Betokened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Betokening.]

1. To signify by some visible object; to show by signs or tokens.
A dewy cloud, and in the cloud a bow . . . Betokening peace from God,
and covenant new. Milton.

2. To foreshow by present signs; to indicate something future by that
which is seen or known; as, a dark cloud often betokens a storm.

Syn.
 -- To presage; portend; indicate; mark; note.

BETON
Bé`ton", n. Etym: [F. béton, fr. L. bitumen bitumen.] (Masonry)

Defn: The French name for concrete; hence, concrete made after the
French fashion.

BETONGUE
Be*tongue", v. t.

Defn: To attack with the tongue; to abuse; to insult.

BETONY
Bet"o*ny, n.; pl. Betonies. Etym: [OE. betony, betany, F. betoine,
fr. L. betonica, vettonica.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Betonica (Linn.).

Note: The purple or wood betony (B. officinalis, Linn.) is common in
Europe, being formerly used in medicine, and (according to Loudon) in
dyeing wool a yellow color.

BETOOK
Be*took", imp.

Defn: of Betake.

BETORN
Be*torn", a.

Defn: Torn in pieces; tattered.

BETOSS
Be*toss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Betossed.]

Defn: To put in violent motion; to agitate; to disturb; to toss. "My
betossed soul." Shak.

BETRAP
Be*trap", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Betrapped.]

1. To draw into, or catch in, a trap; to insnare; to circumvent.
Gower.

2. To put trappings on; to clothe; to deck.
After them followed two other chariots covered with red satin, and
the horses betrapped with the same. Stow.

BETRAY
Be*tray", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Betrayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Betraying.]
Etym: [OE. betraien, bitraien; pref. be- + OF. traïr to bertray, F.
trahir, fr. L. tradere. See Traitor.]

1. To deliver into the hands of an enemy by treachery or fraud, in
violation of trust; to give up treacherously or faithlessly; as, an
officer betrayed the city.
Jesus said unto them, The Son of man shall be betrayed into the hands
of men. Matt. xvii. 22.

2. To prove faithless or treacherous to, as to a trust or one who
trusts; to be false to; to deceive; as, to betray a person or a
cause.
But when I rise, I shall find my legs betraying me. Johnson.

3. To violate the confidence of, by disclosing a secret, or that
which one is bound in honor not to make known.
Willing to serve or betray any government for hire. Macaulay.

4. To disclose or discover, as something which prudence would
conceal; to reveal unintentionally.
Be swift to hear, but cautious of your tongue, lest you betray your
ignorance. T. Watts.

5. To mislead; to expose to inconvenience not foreseen to lead into
error or sin.
Genius . . . often betrays itself into great errors. T. Watts.

6. To lead astray, as a maiden; to seduce (as under promise of
marriage) and then abandon.

7. To show or to indicate; -- said of what is not obvious at first,
or would otherwise be concealed.
All the names in the country betray great antiquity. Bryant.

BETRAYAL
Be*tray"al n.

Defn: The act or the result of betraying.

BETRAYER
Be*tray"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, betrays.

BETRAYMENT
Be*tray"ment, n.

Defn: Betrayal. [R.] Udall.

BETRIM
Be*trim", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Betrimmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Betrimming.]

Defn: To set in order; to adorn; to deck, to embellish; to trim.
Shak.

BETROTH
Be*troth", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Betrothed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Betrothing.] Etym: [Pref. be- + troth, i. e., truth. See Truth.]

1. To contract to any one for a marriage; to engage or promise in
order to marriage; to affiance; -- used esp. of a woman.
He, in the first flower of my freshest age, Betrothed me unto the
only heir. Spenser.
Ay, and we are betrothed. Shak.

2. To promise to take (as a future spouse); to plight one's troth to.
What man is there that hath betrothed a wife, and hath not taken her
Deut. xx. 7.

3. To nominate to a bishopric, in order to consecration. Ayliffe.

BETROTHAL
Be*troth"al, n.

Defn: The act of betrothing, or the fact of being betrothed; a mutual
promise, engagement, or contract for a future marriage between the
persons betrothed; betrothment; affiance. "The feast of betrothal."
Longfellow.

BETROTHMENT
Be*troth"ment, n.

Defn: The act of betrothing, or the state of being betrothed;
betrothal.

BETRUST
Be*trust", v. t.

Defn: To trust or intrust. [Obs.]

BETRUSTMENT
Be*trust"ment, n.

Defn: The act of intrusting, or the thing intrusted. [Obs.] Chipman.

BETSO
Bet"so, n. Etym: [It. bezzo.]

Defn: A small brass Venetian coin. [Obs.]

BETTER
Bet"ter, a.; compar. of Good. Etym: [OE. betere, bettre, and as adv.
bet, AS. betera, adj., and bet, adv.; akin to Icel. betri, adj.,
betr, adv., Goth. batiza, adj., OHG. bezziro, adj., baz, adv., G.
besser, adj. and adv., bass, adv., E. boot, and prob. to Skr. bhadra
excellent. See Boot advantage, and cf. Best, Batful.]

1. Having good qualities in a greater degree than another; as, a
better man; a better physician; a better house; a better air.
Could make the worse appear The better reason. Milton.

2. Preferable in regard to rank, value, use, fitness, acceptableness,
safety, or in any other respect.
To obey is better than sacrifice. 1 Sam. xv. 22.
It is better to trust in the Lord than to put confidence in princes.
Ps. cxviii. 9.

3. Greater in amount; larger; more.

4. Improved in health; less affected with disease; as, the patient is
better.

5. More advanced; more perfect; as, upon better acquaintance; a
better knowledge of the subject. All the better. See under All, adv.
 -- Better half, an expression used to designate one's wife.
My dear, my better half (said he), I find I must now leave thee. Sir
P. Sidney.
-- To be better off, to be in a better condition.
 -- Had better. (See under Had).

Note: The phrase had better, followed by an infinitive without to, is
idiomatic. The earliest form of construction was "were better" with a
dative; as, "Him were better go beside." (Gower.) i. e., It would be
better for him, etc. At length the nominative (I, he, they, etc.)
supplanted the dative and had took the place of were. Thus we have
the construction now used.
By all that's holy, he had better starve Than but once think this
place becomes thee not. Shak.

BETTER
Bet"ter, n.

1. Advantage, superiority, or victory; -- usually with of; as, to get
the better of an enemy.

2. One who has a claim to precedence; a superior, as in merit, social
standing, etc.; -- usually in the plural.
Their betters would hardly be found. Hooker.
For the better, in the way of improvement; so as to produce
improvement. "If I have altered him anywhere for the better." Dryden.

BETTER
Bet"ter, adv.; compar. of Well.

1. In a superior or more excellent manner; with more skill and
wisdom, courage, virtue, advantage, or success; as, Henry writes
better than John; veterans fight better than recruits.
I could have better spared a better man. Shak.

2. More correctly or thoroughly.
The better to understand the extent of our knowledge. Locke.

3. In a higher or greater degree; more; as, to love one better than
another.
Never was monarch better feared, and loved. Shak.

4. More, in reference to value, distance, time, etc.; as, ten miles
and better. [Colloq.] To think better of (any one), to have a more
favorable opinion of any one.
 -- To think better of (an opinion, resolution, etc.), to reconsider
and alter one's decision.

BETTER
Bet"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bettered; p. pr. & vb. n. Bettering.]
Etym: [AS. beterian, betrian, fr. betera better. See Better, a.]

1. To improve or ameliorate; to increase the good qualities of.
Love betters what is best. Wordsworth.
He thought to better his circumstances. Thackeray.

2. To improve the condition of, morally, physically, financially,
socially, or otherwise.
The constant effort of every man to better himself. Macaulay.

3. To surpass in excellence; to exceed; to excel.
The works of nature do always aim at that which can not be bettered.
Hooker.

4. To give advantage to; to support; to advance the interest of.
[Obs.]
Weapons more violent, when next we meet, May serve to better us and
worse our foes. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To improve; meliorate; ameliorate; mend; amend; correct; emend;
reform; advance; promote.

BETTER
Bet"ter, v. i.

Defn: To become better; to improve. Carlyle.

BETTER
Bet"ter, n.

Defn: One who bets or lays a wager.

BETTERMENT
Bet"ter*ment, n.

1. A making better; amendment; improvement. W. Montagu.

2. (Law)

Defn: An improvement of an estate which renders it better than mere
repairing would do; -- generally used in the plural. [U. S.] Bouvier.

BETTERMOST
Bet"ter*most`, a.

Defn: Best. [R.] "The bettermost classes." Brougham.

BETTERNESS
Bet"ter*ness, n.

1. The quality of being better or superior; superiority. [R.] Sir P.
Sidney.

2. The difference by which fine gold or silver exceeds in fineness
the standard.

BETTONG
Bet"tong, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, leaping Australian marsupial of the genus Bettongia;
the jerboa kangaroo.

BETTOR
Bet"tor, n.

Defn: One who bets; a better. Addison.

BETTY
Bet"ty, n.

1. Etym: [Supposed to be a cant word, from Betty, for Elizabeth, as
such an instrument is also called Bess (i. e., Elizabeth) in the
Canting Dictionary of 1725, and Jenny (i. e., Jane).]

Defn: A short bar used by thieves to wrench doors open. [Written also
bettee.]
The powerful betty, or the artful picklock. Arbuthnot.

2. Etym: [Betty, nickname for Elizabeth.]

Defn: A name of contempt given to a man who interferes with the
duties of women in a household, or who occupies himself with womanish
matters.

3. A pear-shaped bottle covered round with straw, in which olive oil
is sometimes brought from Italy; -- called by chemists a Florence
flask. [U. S.] Bartlett.

BETULIN
Bet"u*lin, n. Etym: [L. betula birch tree.] (Chem.)

Defn: A substance of a resinous nature, obtained from the outer bark
of the common European birch (Betula alba), or from the tar prepared
therefrom; -- called also birch camphor. Watts.

BETUMBLE
Be*tum"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Betumbled.]

Defn: To throw into disorder; to tumble. [R.]
From her betumbled couch she starteth. Shak.

BETUTOR
Be*tu"tor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Betutored.]

Defn: To tutor; to instruct. Coleridge.

BETWEEN
Be*tween", prep. Etym: [OE. bytwene, bitweonen, AS. betweónan,
betweónum; prefix be- by + a form fr. AS. twa two, akin to Goth.
tweihnai two apiece. See Twain, and cf. Atween, Betwixt.]

1. In the space which separates; betwixt; as, New York is between
Boston and Philadelphia.

2. Used in expressing motion from one body or place to another; from
one to another of two.
If things should go so between them. Bacon.

3. Belonging in common to two; shared by both.
Castor and Pollux with only one soul between them. Locke.

4. Belonging to, or participated in by, two, and involving reciprocal
action or affecting their mutual relation; as, opposition between
science and religion.
An intestine struggle, open or secret, between authority and liberty.
Hume.

5. With relation to two, as involved in an act or attribute of which
another is the agent or subject; as, to judge between or to choose
between courses; to distinguish between you and me; to mediate
between nations.

6. In intermediate relation to, in respect to time, quantity, or
degree; as, between nine and ten o'clock. Between decks, the space,
or in the space, between the decks of a vessel.
 -- Between ourselves, Between you and me, Between themselves, in
confidence; with the understanding that the matter is not to be
communicated to others.

Syn.
 -- Between, Among. Between etymologically indicates only two; as, a
quarrel between two men or two nations; to be between two fires, etc.
It is however extended to more than two in expressing a certain
relation.
I . . . hope that between public business, improving studies, and
domestic pleasures, neither melancholy nor caprice will find any
place for entrance. Johnson.
Among implies a mass or collection of things or persons, and always
supposes more than two; as, the prize money was equally divided among
the ship's crew.

BETWEEN
Be*tween", n.

Defn: Intermediate time or space; interval. [Poetic & R.] Shak.

BETWIXT
Be*twixt", prep. Etym: [OE. betwix, bitwix, rarely bitwixt, AS.
betweox, betweohs, betweoh, betwih; pref. be- by + a form fr. AS. twa
two. See Between.]

1. In the space which separates; between.
From betwixt two aged oaks. Milton.

2. From one to another of; mutually affecting.
There was some speech of marriage Betwixt myself and her. Shak.
Betwixt and between, in a midway position; so-so; neither one thing
nor the other. [Colloq.]

BEURRE
Beur*ré", n. Etym: [F., fr. beurre butter.] (Bot.)

Defn: A beurré (or buttery) pear, one with the meas, Beurré d'Anjou;
Beurré Clairgeau.

BEVEL
Bev"el, n. Etym: [C. F. biveau, earlier buveau, Sp. baivel; of
unknown origin. Cf. Bevile.]

1. Any angle other than a right angle; the angle which one surface
makes with another when they are not at right angles; the slant or
inclination of such surface; as, to give a bevel to the edge of a
table or a stone slab; the bevel of a piece of timber.

2. An instrument consisting of two rules or arms, jointed together at
one end, and opening to any angle, for adjusting the surfaces of work
to the same or a given inclination; -- called also a bevel square.
Gwilt.

BEVEL
Bev"el, a.

1. Having the slant of a bevel; slanting.

2. Hence: Morally distorted; not upright. [Poetic]
I may be straight, though they themselves be bevel. Shak.
A bevel angle, any angle other than one of 90º.
 -- Bevel wheel, a cogwheel whose working face is oblique to the
axis. Knight.

BEVEL
Bev"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beveled (Bevelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Beveling or Bevelling.]

Defn: To cut to a bevel angle; to slope the edge or surface of.

BEVEL
Bev"el, v. i.

Defn: To deviate or incline from an angle of 90
Their houses are very ill built, the walls bevel. Swift.

BEVELED; BEVELLED
Bev"eled, Bev"elled, a.

1. Formed to a bevel angle; sloping; as, the beveled edge of a table.

2. (Min.) Replaced by two planes inclining equally upon the adjacent
planes, as an edge; having its edges replaces by sloping planes, as a
cube or other solid.

BEVEL GEAR
Bev"el gear`. (Mech.)

Defn: A kind of gear in which the two wheels working together lie in
different planes, and have their teeth cut at right angles to the
surfaces of two cones whose apices coincide with the point where the
axes of the wheels would meet.

BEVELMENT
Bev"el*ment, n. (Min.)

Defn: The replacement of an edge by two similar planes, equally
inclined to the including faces or adjacent planes.

BEVER
Be"ver, n. Etym: [OE. bever a drink, drinking time, OF. beivre,
boivre, to drink, fr. L. bibere.]

Defn: A light repast between meals; a lunch. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

BEVER
Be"ver, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bevered (

Defn: To take a light repast between meals. [Obs.]

BEVERAGE
Bev"er*age, n. Etym: [OF. bevrage, F. breuvage, fr. beivre to drink,
fr. L. bibere. Cf. Bib, v. t., Poison, Potable.]

1. Liquid for drinking; drink; -- usually applied to drink
artificially prepared and of an agreeable flavor; as, an intoxicating
beverage.
He knew no beverage but the flowing stream. Thomson.

2. Specifically, a name applied to various kinds of drink.

3. A treat, or drink money. [Slang]

BEVILE
Bev"ile, n. Etym: [See Bevel.] (Her.)

Defn: A chief broken or opening like a carpenter's bevel. Encyc.
Brit.

BEVILED; BEVILLED
Bev"iled, Bev"illed, a. (Her.)

Defn: Notched with an angle like that inclosed by a carpenter's
bevel; -- said of a partition line of a shield.

BEVY
Bev"y, n.; pl. Bevies. Etym: [Perhaps orig. a drinking company, fr.
OF. bevée (cf. It. beva) a drink, beverage; then, perh., a company in
general, esp. of ladies; and last applied by sportsmen to larks,
quails, etc. See Beverage.]

1. A company; an assembly or collection of persons, especially of
ladies.
What a bevy of beaten slaves have we here ! Beau. & Fl.

2. A flock of birds, especially quails or larks; also, a herd of
roes.

BEWAIL
Be*wail", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bewailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bewailing.]

Defn: To express deep sorrow for, as by wailing; to lament; to wail
over.
Hath widowed and unchilded many a one, Which to this hour bewail the
injury. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To bemoan; grieve.
 -- See Deplore.

BEWAIL
Be*wail", v. i.

Defn: To express grief; to lament. Shak.

BEWAILABLE
Be*wail"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as may, or ought to, be bewailed; lamentable.

BEWAILER
Be*wail"er, n.

Defn: One who bewails or laments.

BEWAILING
Be*wail"ing, a.

Defn: Wailing over; lamenting.
 -- Be*wail"ing*ly, adv.

BEWAILMENT
Be*wail"ment, n.

Defn: The act of bewailing.

BEWAKE
Be*wake", v. t. & i.

Defn: To keep watch over; to keep awake. [Obs.] Gower.

BEWARE
Be*ware", v. i. Etym: [Be, imperative of verb to be + ware. See Ware,
Wary.]

1. To be on one's guard; to be cautious; to take care; -- commonly
followed by of or lest before the thing that is to be avoided.
Beware of all, but most beware of man ! Pope.
Beware the awful avalanche. Longfellow.

2. To have a special regard; to heed. [Obs.]
Behold, I send an Angel before thee. . . . Beware of him, and obey
his voice. Ex. xxiii. 20, 21.

Note: This word is a compound from be and the Old English ware, now
wary, which is an adjective. "Be ye war of false prophetis." Wyclif,
Matt. vii. 15. It is used commonly in the imperative and infinitive
modes, and with such auxiliaries (shall, should, must, etc.) as go
with the infinitive.

BEWARE
Be*ware", v. t.

Defn: To avoid; to take care of; to have a care for. [Obs.] "Priest,
beware your beard." Shak.
To wish them beware the son. Milton.

BEWASH
Be*wash", v. t.

Defn: To drench or souse with water. "Let the maids bewash the men."
Herrick.

BEWEEP
Be*weep", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bewept; p. pr. & vb. n. Beweeping.]
Etym: [AS. bew; pref. be- + weep.]

Defn: To weep over; to deplore; to bedew with tears. "His timeless
death beweeping." Drayton.

BEWEEP
Be*weep", v. i.

Defn: To weep. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BEWET
Be*wet", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bewet, Bewetted.]

Defn: To wet or moisten. Gay.

BEWHORE
Be*whore", v. t.

1. To corrupt with regard to chastity; to make a whore of. J.
Fletcher.

2. To pronounce or characterize as a whore. Shak.

BEWIG
Be*wig", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bewigged.]

Defn: To cover (the head) with a wig. Hawthorne.

BEWILDER
Be*wil"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bewildered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bewildering.] Etym: [Pref. be- + wilder.]

Defn: To lead into perplexity or confusion, as for want of a plain
path; to perplex with mazes; or in general, to perplex or confuse
greatly.
Lost and bewildered in the fruitless search. Addison.

Syn.
 -- To perplex; puzzle; entangle; confuse; confound; mystify;
embarrass; lead astray.

BEWILDERED
Be*wil"dered, a.

Defn: Greatly perplexed; as, a bewildered mind.

BEWILDEREDNESS
Be*wil"dered*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being bewildered; bewilderment. [R.]

BEWILDERING
Be*wil"der*ing, a.

Defn: Causing bewilderment or great perplexity; as, bewildering
difficulties.
 -- Be*wil"der*ing*ly, adv.

BEWILDERMENT
Be*wil"der*ment, n.

1. The state of being bewildered.

2. A bewildering tangle or confusion.
He . . . soon lost all traces of it amid bewilderment of tree trunks
and underbrush. Hawthorne.

BEWINTER
Be*win"ter, v. t.

Defn: To make wintry. [Obs.]

BEWIT
Bew"it, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. buie bond, chain, fr. L. boja neck collar,
fetter. Cf. Buoy.]

Defn: A double slip of leather by which bells are fastened to a
hawk's legs.

BEWITCH
Be*witch", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bewitched; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bewitching.]

1. To gain an ascendency over by charms or incantations; to affect
(esp. to injure) by witchcraft or sorcery.
See how I am bewitched; behold, mine arm Is like a blasted sapling
withered up. Shak.

2. To charm; to fascinate; to please to such a degree as to take away
the power of resistance; to enchant.
The charms of poetry our souls bewitch. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To enchant; captivate; charm; entrance.

BEWITCHEDNESS
Be*witch"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being bewitched. Gauden.

BEWITCHER
Be*witch"er, n.

Defn: One who bewitches.

BEWITCHERY
Be*witch"er*y, n.

Defn: The power of bewitching or fascinating; bewitchment; charm;
fascination.
There is a certain bewitchery or fascination in words. South.

BEWITCHING
Be*witch"ing, a.

Defn: Having power to bewitch or fascinate; enchanting; captivating;
charming.
 -- Be*witch"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Be*witch"ing*ness, n.

BEWITCHMENT
Be*witch"ment, n.

1. The act of bewitching, or the state of being bewitched. Tylor.

2. The power of bewitching or charming. Shak.

BEWONDER
Be*won"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bewondered.]

1. To fill with wonder. [Obs.]

2. To wonder at; to admire. [Obs.]

BEWRAP
Be*wrap", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bewrapped.]

Defn: To wrap up; to cover. Fairfax.

BEWRAY
Be*wray", v. t.

Defn: To soil. See Beray.

BEWRAY
Be*wray", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bewrayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bewraying.]
Etym: [OE. bewraien, biwreyen; pref. be- + AS. wr to accuse, betray;
akin to OS. wr, OHG. ruog, G. rügen, Icel. rægja, Goth. wr to
accuse.]

Defn: To expose; to reveal; to disclose; to betray. [Obs. or Archaic]
The murder being once done, he is in less fear, and in more hope that
the deed shall not be bewrayed or known. Robynson (More's Utopia. )
Thy speech bewrayeth thee. Matt. xxvi. 73.

BEWRAYER
Be*wray"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, bewrays; a revealer. [Obs. or Archaic]
Addison.

BEWRAYMENT
Be*wray"ment, n.

Defn: Betrayal. [R.]

BEWRECK
Be*wreck", v. t.

Defn: To wreck. [Obs.]

BEWREKE
Be*wreke", v. t. Etym: [Pref. be- + wreak.]

Defn: To wreak; to avenge. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

BEWROUGHT
Be*wrought", a. Etym: [Pref. be- + wrought, p. p. of work, v. t. ]

Defn: Embroidered. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

BEY
Bey, n. Etym: [See Beg a bey.]

Defn: A governor of a province or district in the Turkish dominions;
also, in some places, a prince or nobleman; a beg; as, the bey of
Tunis.

BEYLIC
Bey"lic, n. Etym: [Turk.]

Defn: The territory ruled by a bey.

BEYOND
Be*yond", prep. Etym: [OE. biyonde, bi, AS. begeondan, prep. and
adv.; pref. be- + geond yond, yonder. See Yon, Yonder.]

1. On the further side of; in the same direction as, and further on
or away than.
Beyond that flaming hill. G. Fletcher.

2. At a place or time not yet reached; before.
A thing beyond us, even before our death. Pope.

3. Past, out of the reach or sphere of; further than; greater than;
as, the patient was beyond medical aid; beyond one's strength.

4. In a degree or amount exceeding or surpassing; proceeding to a
greater degree than; above, as in dignity, excellence, or quality of
any kind. "Beyond expectation." Barrow.
Beyond any of the great men of my country. Sir P. Sidney.
Beyond sea. (Law) See under Sea.
 -- To go beyond, to exceed in ingenuity, in research, or in anything
else; hence, in a bed sense, to deceive or circumvent.
That no man go beyond and defraud his brother in any matter. 1 Thess.
iv. 6.

BEYOND
Be*yond", adv.

Defn: Further away; at a distance; yonder.
Lo, where beyond he lyeth languishing. Spenser.

BEZANT
Be*zant", n. Etym: [See Byzant.]

1. A gold coin of Byzantium or Constantinople, varying in weight and
value, usually (those current in England) between a sovereign and a
half sovereign. There were also white or silver bezants. [Written
also besant, byzant, etc.]

2. (Her.)

Defn: A circle in or, i. e., gold, representing the gold coin called
bezant. Burke.

3. A decoration of a flat surface, as of a band or belt, representing
circular disks lapping one upon another.

BEZ-ANTLER
Bez`-ant"ler, n. Etym: [L. bis twice (OF. bes) + E. antler.]

Defn: The second branch of a stag's horn.

BEZEL
Bez"el, n. Etym: [From an old form of F. biseau sloping edge, prob.
fr. L. bis double. See Bi-.]

Defn: The rim which encompasses and fastens a jewel or other object,
as the crystal of a watch, in the cavity in which it is set.

BEZIQUE
Bé*zique", n. Etym: [F. bésigue.]

Defn: A game at cards in which various combinations of cards in the
hand, when declared, score points.

BEZOAR
Be"zoar, n. Etym: [F. bézoard, fr. Ar. bazahr, badizahr, fr. Per.
pad-zahr bezoar; pad protecting + zahr poison; cf. Pg. & Sp. bezoar.]

Defn: A calculous concretion found in the intestines of certain
ruminant animals (as the wild goat, the gazelle, and the Peruvian
llama) formerly regarded as an unfailing antidote for poison, and a
certain remedy for eruptive, pestilential, or putrid diseases. Hence:
Any antidote or panacea.

Note: Two kinds were particularly esteemed, the Bezoar orientale of
India, and the Bezoar occidentale of Peru. Bezoar antelope. See
Antelope.
 -- Bezoar goat (Zoöl.), the wild goat (Capra ægagrus).
 -- Bezoar mineral, an old preparation of oxide of antimony. Ure.

BEZOARDIC
Bez`o*ar"dic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. bézoardique, bézoartique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or compounded with, bezoar.
 -- n.

Defn: A medicine containing bezoar.

BEZOARTIC; BEZOARTICAL
Bez`o*ar"tic, Bez`o*ar"tic*al, a. Etym: [See Bezoardic.]

Defn: Having the qualities of an antidote, or of bezoar; healing.
[Obs.]

BEZONIAN
Be*zo"ni*an, n. Etym: [Cf. F. besoin need, want, It bisogno.]

Defn: A low fellow or scoundrel; a beggar.
Great men oft die by vile bezonians. Shak.

BEZPOPOVTSY
Bez`po*pov"tsy, n. [Russ.; bez without + popovtsy, a derivative of
pop priest.]

Defn: A Russian sect. See Raskolnik.

BEZZLE
Bez"zle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bezzled; p. pr. & vb. n. Bezzling.]
Etym: [OF. besillier, besiler, to maltreat, pillage; or shortened fr.
embezzle. Cf. Embezzle.]

Defn: To plunder; to waste in riot. [Obs.]

BEZZLE
Bez"zle, v. i.

Defn: To drink to excess; to revel. [Obs.]

BHANG
Bhang, n. Etym: [Per. bang; cf. Skr. bhanga hemp.]

Defn: An astringent and narcotic drug made from the dried leaves and
seed capsules of wild hemp (Cannabis Indica), and chewed or smoked in
the East as a means of intoxication. See Hasheesh.

BHEESTY; BHEESTIE
Bhees"ty, Bhees"tie, n. [Written also bhistee, bhisti, etc.] [Per.
bihishti lit., heavenly.]

Defn: A water carrier, as to a household or a regiment. [India]

BHISTEE; BHISTI
Bhis"tee, Bhis"ti, n.

Defn: Same as Bheesty. [India]

BHUNDER
Bhun"der, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Indian monkey (Macacus Rhesus), protected by the Hindoos as
sacred. See Rhesus.

BI; BI-
Bi*. Etym: [L. bis twice, which in composition drops the -s, akin to
E. two. See Bis-, Two, and cf. Di-, Dis-.]

1. In most branches of science bi- in composition denotes two, twice,
or doubly; as, bidentate, two-toothed; biternate, doubly ternate,
etc.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: In the composition of chemical names bi- denotes two atoms,
parts, or equivalents of that constituent to the name of which it is
prefixed, to one of the other component, or that such constituent is
present in double the ordinary proportion; as, bichromate,
bisulphide. Be- and di- are often used interchangeably.

BIACID
Bi*ac"id, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + acid.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having two hydrogen atoms which can be replaced by negative
atoms or radicals to form salts; -- said of bases. See Diacid.

BIACUMINATE
Bi`a*cu"mi*nate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + acuminate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having points in two directions.

BIANGULAR
Bi*an"gu*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + angular.]

Defn: Having two angles or corners.

BIANGULATE; BIANGULATED
Bi*an"gu*late, Bi*an"gu*la`ted, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + angulate,
angulated.]

Defn: Biangular.

BIANGULOUS
Bi*an"gu*lous,a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + angulous.]

Defn: Biangular. [R.]

BIANNUAL
Bi*an"nu*al, a. [Pref. bi- + annual.]

Defn: Occurring twice a year; half-yearly; semiannual.

BIANTHERIFEROUS
Bi*an`ther*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + antherigerous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having two anthers.

BIARTICULATE
Bi`ar*tic"u*late, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + articulate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having, or consisting of, tow joints.

BIAS
Bi"as, n.; pl. Biases. Etym: [F. biasis, perh. fr. LL. bifax two-
faced; L. bis + facies face. See Bi-, and cf. Face.]

1. A weight on the side of the ball used in the game of bowls, or a
tendency imparted to the ball, which turns it from a straight line.
Being ignorant that there is a concealed bias within the spheroid,
which will . . . swerve away. Sir W. Scott.

2. A learning of the mind; propensity or prepossession toward an
object or view, not leaving the mind indifferent; bent inclination.
Strong love is a bias upon the thoughts. South.
Morality influences men's lives, and gives a bias to all their
actions. Locke.

3. A wedge-shaped piece of cloth taken out of a garment (as the waist
of a dress) to diminish its circumference.

4. A slant; a diagonal; as, to cut cloth on the bias.

Syn.
 -- Prepossession; prejudice; partiality; inclination. See Bent.

BIAS
Bi"as, a.

1. Inclined to one side; swelled on one side. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Cut slanting or diagonally, as cloth.

BIAS
Bi"as, adv.

Defn: In a slanting manner; crosswise; obliquely; diagonally; as, to
cut cloth bias.

BIAS
Bi"as, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Biased; p. pr. & vb. n. Biasing.]

Defn: To incline to one side; to give a particular direction to; to
influence; to prejudice; to prepossess.
Me it had not biased in the one direction, nor should it have biased
any just critic in the counter direction. De. Quincey.

BIAURICULATE
Bi`au*ric"u*late, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + au riculate.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Having two auricles, as the heart of mammals, birds, and
reptiles.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Having two earlike projections at its base, as a leaf.

BIAXAL; BIAXIAL
Bi*ax"al, Bi*ax"i*al, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + axal, axial.] (Opt.)

Defn: Having two axes; as, biaxial polarization. Brewster.
 -- Bi*ax"i*al*ly, adv.

BIB
Bib, n. Etym: [From Bib, v., because the bib receives the drink that
the child slavers from the mouth.]

1. A small piece of cloth worn by children over the breast, to
protect the clothes.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An arctic fish (Gadus luscus), allied to the cod; -- called
also pout and whiting pout.

3. A bibcock.

BIB; BIBBE
Bib, Bibbe, v. t. Etym: [L. bibere. See Beverage, and cf. Imbibe.]

Defn: To drink; to tipple. [Obs.]
This miller hath . . . bibbed ale. Chaucer.

BIB
Bib, v. i.

Defn: To drink; to sip; to tipple.
He was constantly bibbing. Locke.

BIBACIOUS
Bi*ba"cious, a. Etym: [L. bibax, bibacis, fr. bibere. See Bib.]

Defn: Addicted to drinking.

BIBACITY
Bi*bac"i*ty, n.

Defn: The practice or habit of drinking too much; tippling. Blount.

BIBASIC
Bi*ba"sic, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + basic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having to hydrogen atoms which can be replaced by positive or
basic atoms or radicals to form salts; -- said of acids. See Dibasic.

BIBB
Bibb, n.

Defn: A bibcock. See Bib, n., 3.

BIBBER
Bib"ber, n.

Defn: One given to drinking alcoholic beverages too freely; a
tippler; -- chiefly used in composition; as, winebibber.

BIBBLE-BABBLE
Bib"ble-bab"ble, n. Etym: [A reduplication of babble.]

Defn: Idle talk; babble. Shak.

BIBBS
Bibbs, n. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: Pieces of timber bolted to certain parts of a mast tp support
the trestletrees.

BIBCOCK
Bib"cock`, n.

Defn: A cock or faucet having a bent down nozzle. Knight.

BIBELOT
Bi`be*lot", n. [F.]

Defn: A small decorative object without practical utility.

Her pictures, her furniture, and her bibelots.
M. Crawford.

BIBIRINE
Bi*bi"rine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Bebeerine.

BIBITORY
Bib"i*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to drinking or tippling.

BIBLE
Bi"ble, n. Etym: [F. bible, L. biblia, pl., fr. Gr. , pl. of , dim.
of , , book, prop. Egyptian papyrus.]

1. A book. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. The Book by way of eminence, -- that is, the book which is made up
of the writings accepted by Christians as of divine origin and
authority, whether such writings be in the original language, or
translated; the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments; --
sometimes in a restricted sense, the Old Testament; as, King James's
Bible; Douay Bible; Luther's Bible. Also, the book which is made up
of writings similarly accepted by the Jews; as, a rabbinical Bible.

3. A book containing the sacred writings belonging to any religion;
as, the Koran is often called the Mohammedan Bible. Fig.)

Defn: A book with an authoritative exposition of some topic,
respected by many experts on the field. Bible Society, an association
for securing the multiplication and wide distribution of the Bible.
 -- Douay Bible. See Douay Bible.
 -- Geneva Bible. See under Geneva.

BIBLER
Bib"ler, n. Etym: [See Bib, v. t.]

Defn: A great drinker; a tippler. [Written also bibbler and
bibbeler.]

BIBLICAL
Bib"li*cal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the Bible; as, biblical
learning; biblical authority.

BIBLICALITY
Bib`li*cal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being biblical; a biblical subject. [R.]

BIBLICALLY
Bib"li*cal*ly, adv.

Defn: According to the Bible.

BIBLICISM
Bib"li*cism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. biblicisme.]

Defn: Learning or literature relating to the Bible. [R.]

BIBLICIST
Bib"li*cist, n.

Defn: One skilled in the knowledge of the Bible; a demonstrator of
religious truth by the Scriptures.

BIBLIOGRAPH
Bib"li*o*graph`, n.

Defn: Bibliographer.

BIBLIOGRAPHER
Bib`li*og"ra*pher, n. Etym: [Gr. , fr. book + to write : cf. F.
bibliographe.]

Defn: One who writes, or is versed in, bibliography.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC; BIBLIOGRAPHICAL
Bib`li*o*graph"ic, Bib`li*o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
bibliographique.]

Defn: Pertaining to bibliography, or the history of books.
 -- Bib`li*o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bib`li*og"ra*phy n.; pl. Bibliographies. Etym: [Gr. : cf. F.
bibliographie.]

Defn: A history or description of books and manuscripts, with notices
of the different editions, the times when they were printed, etc.

BIBLIOLATER; BIBLIOLATRIST
Bib`li*ol"a*ter, Bib`li*ol"a*trist, n. Etym: [See. Bibliolatry.]

Defn: A worshiper of books; especially, a worshiper of the Bible; a
believer in its verbal inspiration. De Quincey.

BIBLIOLATRY
Bib`li*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr. book + service, worship, to serve.]

Defn: Book worship, esp. of the Bible; -- applied by Roman Catholic
divine Coleridge. F. W. Newman.

BIBLIOLOGICAL
Bib`li*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to bibliology.

BIBLIOLOGY
Bib`li*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. book + -logy.]

1. An account of books; book lore; bibliography.

2. The literature or doctrine of the Bible.

BIBLIOMANCY
Bib"li*o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. book + -mancy: cf. F. bibliomancie.]

Defn: A kind of divination, performed by selecting passages of
Scripture at hazard, and drawing from them indications concerning
future events.

BIBLIOMANIA
Bib`li*o*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Gr. book + madness: cf. F. bibliomanie.]

Defn: A mania for acquiring books.

BIBLIOMANIAC
Bib`li*o*ma"ni*ac, n.

Defn: One who has a mania for books.
 -- a.

Defn: Relating to a bibliomaniac.

BIBLIOMANIACAL
Bib`li*o*ma*ni"ac*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a passion for books; relating to a bibliomaniac.

BIBLIOPEGIC
Bib`li*o*peg"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. book + to make fast.]

Defn: Relating to the binding of books. [R.]

BIBLIOPEGIST
Bib`li*op"e*gist, n.

Defn: A bookbinder.

BIBLIOPEGISTIC
Bib`li*op`e*gis"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the art of binding books. [R.] Dibdin.

BIBLIOPEGY
Bib`li*op"e*gy, n. Etym: [See Bibliopegic.]

Defn: The art of binding books. [R.]

BIBLIOPHILE
Bib"li*o*phile, n. Etym: [Gr. book + to love: cf. F. bibliophile.]

Defn: A lover of books.

BIBLIOPHILISM
Bib`li*oph"i*lism, n.

Defn: Love of books.

BIBLIOPHILIST
Bib`li*oph"i*list, n.

Defn: A lover of books.

BIBLIOPHOBIA
Bib`li*o*pho"bi*a, n. Etym: [Gr. book + to fear.]

Defn: A dread of books. [R.]

BIBLIOPOLE
Bib"li*o*pole, n. Etym: [L. bibliopola, Gr. ; book + to sell: cf. F.
bibliopole.]

Defn: One who sells books.

BIBLIOPOLIC; BIBLIOPOLAR
Bib`li*o*pol"ic, Bib`li*op"o*lar, a. Etym: [See Bibliopole.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sale of books. "Bibliopolic
difficulties." Carlyle.

BIBLIOPOLISM
Bib`li*op"o*lism, n.

Defn: The trade or business of selling books.

BIBLIOPOLIST
Bib`li*op"o*list, n.

Defn: Same as Bibliopole.

BIBLIOPOLISTIC
Bib`li*op`o*lis"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to bibliopolism. Dibdin.

BIBLIOTAPH; BIBLIOTAPHIST
Bib"li*o*taph, Bib`li*ot"a*phist, n. Etym: [Gr. book + a burial.]

Defn: One who hides away books, as in a tomb. [R.] Crabb.

BIBLIOTHEC
Bib"li*o*thec, n.

Defn: A librarian.

BIBLIOTHECA
Bib`li*o*the"ca, n. Etym: [L. See Bibliotheke.]

Defn: A library.

BIBLIOTHECAL
Bib`li*o*the"cal, a. Etym: [L. bibliothecalis. See Bibliotheke.]

Defn: Belonging to a library. Byrom.

BIBLIOTHECARY
Bib`li*oth"e*ca*ry, n. Etym: [L. bibliothecarius: cf. F.
bibliothécaire.]

Defn: A librarian. [Obs.] Evelin.

BIBLIOTHEKE
Bib"li*o*theke, n. Etym: [L. bibliotheca, Gr. ; book + a case, box,
fr. to place: cf. F. bibliothèque.]

Defn: A library. [Obs.] Bale.

BIBLIST
Bib"list, n. Etym: [Cf. F. bibliste. See Bible.]

1. One who makes the Bible the sole rule of faith.

2. A biblical scholar; a biblicist. I. Taylor.

BIBRACTEATE
Bi*brac"te*ate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + bracteate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with, or having, two bracts.

BIBULOUS
Bib"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. bibulus, fr. bibere to drink. See Bib, v. t.
]

1. Readily imbibing fluids or moisture; spongy; as, bibulous blotting
paper.

2. Inclined to drink; addicted to tippling.

BIBULOUSLY
Bib"u*lous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a bibulous manner; with profuse imbibition or absorption. De
Quincey.

BICALCARATE
Bi*cal"ca*rate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + calcarate.]

Defn: Having two spurs, as the wing or leg of a bird.

BICALLOSE; BICALLOUS
Bi*cal"lose, Bi*cal"lous, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + callose, callous.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having two callosities or hard spots. Gray.

BICAMERAL
Bi*cam"er*al, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + camera.]

Defn: Consisting of, or including, two chambers, or legislative
branches. Bentham.

BICAPSULAR
Bi*cap"su*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + capsular: cf. F. bicapsulaire.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having two capsules; as, a bicapsular pericarp.

BICARBONATE
Bi*car"bon*ate, n. Etym: [Pref. bi-+ carbonate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A carbonate in which but half the hydrogen of the acid is
replaced by a positive element or radical, thus making the proportion
of the acid to the positive or basic portion twice what it is in the
normal carbonates; an acid carbonate; -- sometimes called
supercarbonate.

BICARBURETED; BICARBURETTED
Bi*car"bu*ret`ed or -ret`ted, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + carbureted.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Containing two atoms or equivalents of carbon in the molecule.
[Obs. or R.]

BICARINATE
Bi*car"i*nate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + carinate.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having two keel-like projections, as the upper palea of
grasses.

BICAUDAL
Bi*cau"dal, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + caudal.]

Defn: Having, or terminating in, two tails.

BICAUDATE
Bi*cau"date, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + caudate.]

Defn: Two-tailed; bicaudal.

BICCHED
Bic"ched, a. Etym: [Of unknown origin.]

Defn: Pecked; pitted; notched. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bicched bones, pecked,
or notched, bones; dice.

BICE; BISE
Bice, Bise, n. Etym: [F. bis, akin to It. bigio light gray, tawny.]
(Paint.)

Defn: A pale blue pigment, prepared from the native blue carbonate of
copper, or from smalt; -- called also blue bice. Green bice is
prepared from the blue, by adding yellow orpiment, or by grinding
down the green carbonate of copper. Cooley. Brande & C.

BICENTENARY
Bi*cen"te*na*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + centenary.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to two hundred, esp. to two hundred years; as,
a bicentenary celebration.
 -- n.

Defn: The two hundredth anniversary, or its celebration.

BICENTENNIAL
Bi`cen*ten"ni*al, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + centennial.]

1. Consisting of two hundred years.

2. Occurring every two hundred years.

BICENTENNIAL
Bi`cen*ten"ni*al, n.

Defn: The two hundredth year or anniversary, or its celebration.

BICEPHALOUS
Bi*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + cephalous: cf. F. bicéphale.]

Defn: Having two heads.

BICEPS
Bi"ceps, n. Etym: [L., two-headed; bis twice + caput head. See
Capital.] (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle having two heads or origins; -- applied particularly
to a flexor in the arm, and to another in the thigh.

BICHIR
Bi*chir", n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A remarkable ganoid fish (Polypterus bichir) found in the Nile
and other African rivers. See Brachioganoidei.

BICHLORIDE
Bi*chlo"ride, n. Etym: [Pref. bi- + chloride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound consisting of two atoms of chlorine with one or more
atoms of another element; -- called also dichloride. Bichloride of
mercury, mercuric chloride; -- sometimes called corrosive sublimate.

BICHO
Bi"cho, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Jigger.

BICHROMATE
Bi*chro"mate, n. Etym: [Pref. bi- + chromate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt containing two parts of chromic acid to one of the other
ingredients; as, potassium bichromate; -- called also dichromate.

BICHROMATIZE
Bi*chro"ma*tize, v. t.

Defn: To combine or treat with a bichromate, esp. with bichromate of
potassium; as, bichromatized gelatine.

BICIPITAL
Bi*cip"i*tal, a. Etym: [L. biceps, bicipitis: cf. F. bicipital. See
Biceps.]

1. (Anat.)
(a) Having two heads or origins, as a muscle.
(b) Pertaining to a biceps muscle; as, bicipital furrows, the
depressions on either side of the biceps of the arm.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Dividing into two parts at one extremity; having two heads or
two supports; as, a bicipital tree.

BICIPITOUS
Bi*cip"i*tous, a.

Defn: Having two heads; bicipital. "Bicipitous serpents." Sir T.
Browne.

BICKER
Bick"er, n. Etym: [See Beaker.]

Defn: A small wooden vessel made of staves and hoops, like a tub.
[Prov. Eng.]

BICKER
Bick"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bickered; p. pr. & vb. n. Bickering.]
Etym: [OE. bikeren, perh. fr. Celtic; cf. W. bicra to fight, bicker,
bicre conflict, skirmish; perh. akin to E. beak.]

1. To skirmish; to exchange blows; to fight. [Obs.]
Two eagles had a conflict, and bickered together. Holland.

2. To contend in petulant altercation; to wrangle.
Petty things about which men cark and bicker. Barrow.

3. To move quickly and unsteadily, or with a pattering noise; to
quiver; to be tremulous, like flame.
They [streamlets] bickered through the sunny shade. Thomson.

BICKER
Bick"er, n.

1. A skirmish; an encounter. [Obs.]

2. A fight with stones between two parties of boys. [Scot.] Jamieson.

3. A wrangle; also, a noise,, as in angry contention.

BICKERER
Bick"er*er, n.

Defn: One who bickers.

BICKERING
Bick"er*ing, n.

1. A skirmishing. "Frays and bickerings." Milton.

2. Altercation; wrangling.

BICKERMENT
Bick"er*ment, n.

Defn: Contention. [Obs.] Spenser.

BICKERN
Bick"ern, n. Etym: [F. bigorne. See Bicorn.]

Defn: An anvil ending in a beak or point (orig. in two beaks); also,
the beak or horn itself.

BICKFORD FUSE; BICKFORD FUZE; BICKFORD MATCH
Bick"ford fuse, Bick"ford fuze, Bick"ford match.

Defn: A fuse used in blasting, consisting of a long cylinder of
explosive material inclosed in a varnished wrapping of rope or hose.
It burns from 2 to 4 feet a minute.

BICOLLIGATE
Bi*col"li*gate, a. Etym: [L. bis twice + colligatus, p. p. See
Colligate, v. t. ] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the anterior toes connected by a basal web.

BICOLOR; BICOLORED
Bi"col`or, Bi"col`ored, a. Etym: [L. bicolor; bis twice + color
color.]

Defn: Of two colors.

BICONCAVE
Bi*con"cave, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + concave.]

Defn: Concave on both sides; as, biconcave vertebræ.

BICONJUGATE
Bi*con"ju*gate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + conjugate, a.] (Bot.)

Defn: Twice paired, as when a petiole forks twice. Gray.

BICONVEX
Bi*con"vex, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + convex.]

Defn: Convex on both sides; as, a biconvex lens.

BICORN; BICORNED; BICORNOUS
Bi"corn, Bi"corned, Bi*cor"nous, a. Etym: [L. bicornis; bis twice +
cornu horn: cf. F. bicorne. Cf. Bickern.]

Defn: Having two horns; two-horned; crescentlike.

BICORPORAL
Bi*cor"po*ral, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + corporal.]

Defn: Having two bodies.

BICORPORATE
Bi*cor"po*rate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + corporate.] (Her.)

Defn: Double-bodied, as a lion having one head and two bodies.

BICOSTATE
Bi*cos"tate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + costate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having two principal ribs running longitudinally, as a leaf.

BICRENATE
Bi*cre"nate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + crenate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Twice crenated, as in the case of leaves whose crenatures are
themselves crenate.

BICRESCENTIC
Bi`cres*cen"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + crescent.]

Defn: Having the form of a double crescent.

BICRURAL
Bi*cru"ral, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + crural.]

Defn: Having two legs. Hooker.

BICUSPID; BICUSPIDATE
Bi*cus"pid, Bi*cus"pid*ate, a. Etym: [See pref. Bi-, and Cuspidate.]

Defn: Having two points or prominences; ending in two points; -- said
of teeth, leaves, fruit, etc.

BICUSPID
Bi*cus"pid, n. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the two double-pointed teeth which intervene between the
canines (cuspids) and the molars, on each side of each jaw. See
Tooth, n.

BICYANIDE
Bi*cy"a*nide, n.

Defn: See Dicyanide.

BICYCLE
Bi"cy*cle, n. Etym: [Pref. bi- + cycle.]

Defn: A light vehicle having two wheels one behind the other. It has
a saddle seat and is propelled by the rider's feet acting on cranks
or levers.

BICYCLER
Bi"cy*cler, n.

Defn: One who rides a bicycle.

BICYCLIC
Bi*cyc"lic, a.

Defn: Relating to bicycles.

BICYCLING
Bi"cy*cling, n.

Defn: The use of a bicycle; the act or practice of riding a bicycle.

BICYCLISM
Bi"cy*clism, n.

Defn: The art of riding a bicycle.

BICYCLIST
Bi"cy*clist, n.

Defn: A bicycler.

BICYCULAR
Bi*cyc"u*lar, a.

Defn: Relating to bicycling.

BID
Bid, v. t. [imp. Bade, Bid, (Obs.) Bad; p. p. Bidden, Bid; p. pr. &
vb. n. Bidding.] Etym: [OE. bidden, prop to ask, beg, AS. biddan;
akin to OS. biddian, Icel. bi, OHG. bittan, G. bitten, to pray, ask,
request, and E. bead, also perh. to Gr. to persuade, L. fidere to
trust, E. faith, and bide. But this word was early confused with OE.
beden, beoden, AS. beódan, to offer, command; akin to Icel. bj, Goth.
biudan (in comp.), OHG. biotan to command, bid, G. bieten, D. bieden,
to offer, also to Gr. to learn by inquiry, Skr. budh to be awake, to
heed, present OSlav. bud to be awake, E. bode, v. The word now has
the form of OE. bidden to ask, but the meaning of OE. beden to
command, except in "to bid beads." sq. root30.]

1. To make an offer of; to propose. Specifically : To offer to pay (
a certain price, as for a thing put up at auction), or to take (a
certain price, as for work to be done under a contract).

2. To offer in words; to declare, as a wish, a greeting, a threat, or
defiance, etc.; as, to bid one welcome; to bid good morning,
farewell, etc.
Neither bid him God speed. 2. John 10.
He bids defiance to the gaping crowd. Granrille.

3. To proclaim; to declare publicly; to make known. [Mostly obs.]
"Our banns thrice bid !" Gay.

4. To order; to direct; to enjoin; to command.
That Power who bids the ocean ebb and flow. Pope
Lord, if it be thou, bid me come unto thee. Matt. xiv. 28
I was bid to pick up shells. D. Jerrold.

5. To invite; to call in; to request to come.
As many as ye shall find, bid to the marriage. Matt. xxii. 9
To bid beads, to pray with beads, as the Roman Catholics; to
distinguish each bead by a prayer. [Obs.] -- To bid defiance to , to
defy openly; to brave.
 -- To bid fair, to offer a good prospect; to make fair promise; to
seem likely.

Syn.
 -- To offer; proffer; tender; propose; order; command; direct;
charge; enjoin.

BID
Bid,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Bid.

BID
Bid, n.

Defn: An offer of a price, especially at auctions; a statement of a
sum which one will give for something to be received, or will take
for something to be done or furnished; that which is offered.

BID
Bid, v. i. Etym: [See Bid, v. t.]

1. To pray. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To make a bid; to state what one will pay or take.

BIDALE
Bid"ale`, n. Etym: [Bid + ale.]

Defn: An invitation of friends to drink ale at some poor man's house,
and there to contribute in charity for his relief. [Prov. Eng.]

BIDARKEE; BIDARKA
Bi*dar"kee, Bi*dar"ka, n. [Russ. baidarka, dim. Cf. Baidar.]

Defn: A portable boat made of skins stretched on a frame. [Alaska]
The Century.

BIDDABLE
Bid"da*ble, a.

Defn: Obedient; docile. [Scot.]

BIDDEN
Bid"den, p. p.

Defn: of Bid.

BIDDER
Bid"der, n. Etym: [AS. biddere. ]

Defn: One who bids or offers a price. Burke.

BIDDERY WARE
Bid"der*y ware`. Etym: [From Beder or Bidar a town in India.]

Defn: A kind of metallic ware made in India. The material is a
composition of zinc, tin, and lead, in which ornaments of gold and
silver are inlaid or damascened. [Spelt also bidry, bidree, bedery,
beder.]

BIDDING
Bid"ding, n.

1. Command; order; a proclamation or notifying. "Do thou thy master's
bidding." Shak.

2. The act or process of making bids; an offer; a proposal of a
price, as at an auction.

BIDDING PRAYER
Bid"ding prayer`.

1. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The prayer for the souls of benefactors, said before the
sermon.

2. (Angl. Ch.)

Defn: The prayer before the sermon, with petitions for various
specified classes of persons.

BIDDY
Bid"dy, n. Etym: [Etymology uncertain.]

Defn: A name used in calling a hen or chicken. Shak.

BIDDY
Bid"dy, n. Etym: [A familiar form of Bridget.]

Defn: An Irish serving woman or girl. [Colloq.]

BIDE
Bide, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bided; p. pr. & vb. n. Biding.] Etym: [OE.
biden, AS. bidan; akin to OHG. bitan, Goth. beidan, Icel. bi; perh.
orig., to wait with trust, and akin to bid. See Bid, v. t., and cf.
Abide.]

1. To dwell; to inhabit; to abide; to stay.
All knees to thee shall bow of them that bide In heaven or earth, or
under earth, in hell. Milton.

2. To remain; to continue or be permanent in a place or state; to
continue to be. Shak.

BIDE
Bide, v. t.

1. To encounter; to remain firm under (a hardship); to endure; to
suffer; to undergo.
Poor naked wretches, wheresoe'er you are, That bide the pelting of
this pitiless storm. Shak.

2. To wait for; as, I bide my time. See Abide.

BIDENT
Bi"dent, n. Etym: [L. bidens, -entis, having two prongs; bis twice +
dens a tooth.]

Defn: An instrument or weapon with two prongs.

BIDENTAL
Bi*den"tal, a.

Defn: Having two teeth. Swift.

BIDENTATE
Bi*den"tate, a. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Having two teeth or two toothlike processes; two-toothed.

BIDET
Bi*det", n. Etym: [F. bidet, perh. fr. Celtic; cr. Gael. bideach very
little, diminutive, bidein a diminutive animal, W. bidan a weakly or
sorry wretch.]

1. A small horse formerly allowed to each trooper or dragoon for
carrying his baggage. B. Jonson.

2. A kind of bath tub for sitting baths; a sitz bath.

BIDIGITATE
Bi*dig"i*tate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + digitate.]

Defn: Having two fingers or fingerlike projections.

BIDING
Bid"ing, n.

Defn: Residence; habitation. Rowe.

BIELA'S COMET
Bie"la's com"et. (Astron.)

Defn: A periodic coment, discovered by Biela in 1826, which revolves
around the sun in 6.6 years. The November meteors (Andromedes or
Bielids) move in its orbit, and may be fragments of the comet.

BIELD
Bield, n.

Defn: A shelter. Same as Beild. [Scot.]

BIELD
Bield, v. t.

Defn: To shelter. [Scot.]

BIELID
Bie"lid, n. (Astron.)

Defn: See Andromede.

BIENNIAL
Bi*en"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. biennalis and biennis, fr. biennium a space
of two years; bis twice + annus year. Cf. Annual.]

1. Happening, or taking place, once in two years; as, a biennial
election.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Continuing for two years, and then perishing, as plants which
form roots and leaves the first year, and produce fruit the second.

BIENNIAL
Bi*en"ni*al, n.

1. Something which takes place or appears once in two years; esp. a
biennial examination.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant which exists or lasts for two years.

BIENNIALLY
Bi*en"ni*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Once in two years.

BIER
Bier, n. Etym: [OE. bæe, beere, AS. b, b; akin to D. baar, OHG. bara,
G. bahre, Icel barar, Dbaare, L. feretrum, Gr. , from the same bear
to produce. See 1st Bear, and cf. Barrow.]

1. A handbarrow or portable frame on which a corpse is placed or
borne to the grave.

2. (Weaving)

Defn: A count of forty threads in the warp or chain of woolen cloth.
Knight.

BIERBALK
Bier"balk`, n. Etym: [See Bier, and Balk, n.]

Defn: A church road (e. g., a path across fields) for funerals.
[Obs.] Homilies.

BIESTINGS; BEESTINGS
Biest"ings, Beest"ings, n. pl. Etym: [OE. bestynge, AS. b, fr. b,
beost; akin to D. biest, OHG. biost, G. biest; of unknown origin.]

Defn: The first milk given by a cow after calving. B. Jonson.
The thick and curdy milk . . . commonly called biestings. Newton.
(1574).

BIFACIAL
Bi*fa"cial, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + facial.]

Defn: Having the opposite surfaces alike.

BIFARIOUS
Bi*fa"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. bifarius; bis twice + fari to speak. Cf.
Gr.

1. Twofold; arranged in two rows.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Pointing two ways, as leaves that grow only on opposite sides
of a branch; in two vertical rows.

BIFARIOUSLY
Bi*fa"ri*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a bifarious manner.

BIFEROUS
Bif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. bifer; bis twice + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Bearing fruit twice a year.

BIFFIN
Bif"fin, n. Etym: [Cf. Beaufin.]

1. A sort of apple peculiar to Norfolk, Eng.

Note: [Sometimes called beaufin; but properly beefin (it is said),
from its resemblance to raw beef.] Wright.

2. A baked apple pressed down into a flat, round cake; a dried apple.
Dickens.

BIFID
Bi"fid, a. Etym: [L. bifidus; bis twice + root of findere to cleave
or split: cf. F. bifide.]

Defn: Cleft to the middle or slightly beyond the middle; opening with
a cleft; divided by a linear sinus, with straight margins.

BIFIDATE
Bif"i*date, a. Etym: [L. bifidatus.]

Defn: See Bifid.

BIFILAR
Bi*fi"lar, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + filar.]

Defn: Two-threaded; involving the use of two threads; as, bifilar
suspension; a bifilar balance. Bifilar micrometer (often called a
bifilar), an instrument form measuring minute distances or angles by
means of two very minute threads (usually spider lines), one of
which, at least, is movable; -- more commonly called a filar
micrometer.

BIFLABELLATE
Bi`fla*bel"late, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + flabellate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Flabellate on both sides.

BIFLAGELLATE
Bi`fla*gel"late, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + flagellate.]

Defn: Having two long, narrow, whiplike appendages.

BIFLORATE; BIFLOROUS
Bi*flo"rate, Bi*flo"rous, a. Etym: [L. bis twice + flos, floris,
flower.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing two flowers; two-flowered.

BIFOCAL
Bi*fo"cal, a. [Pref. bi-+ focal.]

Defn: Having two foci, as some spectacle lenses.

BIFOLD
Bi"fold, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + fold.]

Defn: Twofold; double; of two kinds, degrees, etc. Shak.

BIFOLIATE
Bi*fo"li*ate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + foliate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having two leaves; two-leaved.

BIFOLIOLATE
Bi*fo"li*o*late, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + foliolate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having two leaflets, as some compound leaves.

BIFORATE
Bif"o*rate, a. Etym: [L. bis twice + foratus, p. p. of forare to bore
or pierce.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having two perforations.

BIFORINE
Bif"o*rine, n. Etym: [L. biforis, biforus, having two doors; bis
twice + foris door.] (Bot.)

Defn: An oval sac or cell, found in the leaves of certain plants of
the order Araceæ. It has an opening at each end through which
raphides, generated inside, are discharged.

BIFORKED
Bi"forked, a.

Defn: Bifurcate.

BIFORM
Bi"form, a. Etym: [L. biformis; bis twice + forma shape: cf. F.
biforme.]

Defn: Having two forms, bodies, or shapes. Croxall.

BIFORMED
Bi"formed, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + form.]

Defn: Having two forms. Johnson.

BIFORMITY
Bi*form"i*ty, n.

Defn: A double form.

BIFORN
Bi*forn", prep. & adv.

Defn: Before. [Obs.]

BIFOROUS
Bif"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. biforis having two doors; bis twice, two +
foris door.]

Defn: See Biforate.

BIFRONTED
Bi*front"ed, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + front.]

Defn: Having two fronts. "Bifronted Janus." Massinger.

BIFURCATE; BIFURCATED
Bi*fur"cate, Bi*fur"ca*ted, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + furcate.]

Defn: Two-pronged; forked.

BIFURCATE
Bi*fur"cate, v. i.

Defn: To divide into two branches.

BIFURCATION
Bi`fur*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. bifurcation.]

Defn: A forking, or division into two branches.

BIFURCOUS
Bi*fur"cous, a. Etym: [L. bifurcus; bis twice + furca fork.]

Defn: See Bifurcate, a. [R.] Coles.

BIG
Big, a. [compar. Bigger; superl. Biggest.] Etym: [Perh. from Celtic;
cf. W. beichiog, beichiawg, pregnant, with child, fr. baich burden,
Arm. beac'h; or cf. OE. bygly, Icel. biggiligr, (properly) habitable;
(then) magnigicent, excellent, fr. OE. biggen, Icel. byggja, to
dwell, build, akin to E. be.]

1. Having largeness of size; of much bulk or magnitude; of great
size; large. "He's too big to go in there." Shak.

2. Great with young; pregnant; swelling; ready to give birth or
produce; -- often figuratively.
[Day] big with the fate of Cato and of Rome. Addison.

3. Having greatness, fullness, importance, inflation, distention,
etc., whether in a good or a bad sense; as, a big heart; a big voice;
big looks; to look big. As applied to looks, it indicates haughtiness
or pride.
God hath not in heaven a bigger argument. Jer. Taylor.

Note: Big is often used in self-explaining compounds; as, big-boned;
big-sounding; big-named; big-voiced. To talk big, to talk loudly,
arrogantly, or pretentiously.
I talked big to them at first. De Foe.

Syn.
 -- Bulky; large; great; massive; gross.

BIG; BIGG
Big, Bigg, n. Etym: [OE. bif, bigge; akin to Icel. bygg, Dan. byg,
Sw. bjugg.] (Bot.)

Defn: Barley, especially the hardy four-rowed kind.
"Bear interchanges in local use, now with barley, now with bigg." New
English Dict.

BIG; BIGG
Big, Bigg, v. t. Etym: [OE. biggen, fr. Icel. byggja to inhabit, to
build, b (neut.) to dwell (active) to make ready. See Boor, and
Bound.]

Defn: To build. [Scot. & North of Eng. Dial.] Sir W. Scott.

BIGA
Bi"ga, n. Etym: [L.] (Antiq.)

Defn: A two-horse chariot.

BIGAM
Big"am, n. Etym: [L. bigamus twice married: cf. F. bigame. See
Bigamy.]

Defn: A bigamist. [Obs.]

BIGAMIST
Big"a*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. Digamist.]

Defn: One who is guilty of bigamy. Ayliffe.

BIGAMOUS
Big"a*mous, a.

Defn: Guilty of bigamy; involving bigamy; as, a bigamous marriage.

BIGAMY
Big"a*my, n. Etym: [OE. bigamie, fr. L. bigamus twice married; bis
twice + Gr. marriage; prob. akin to Skt. jamis related, and L. gemini
twins, the root meaning to bind, join: cf. F. bigamie. Cf. Digamy.]
(Law)

Defn: The offense of marrying one person when already legally married
to another. Wharton.

Note: It is not strictly correct to call this offense bigamy: it more
properly denominated polygamy, i. e., having a plurality of wives or
husbands at once, and in several statutes in the United States the
offense is classed under the head of polygamy. In the canon law
bigamy was the marrying of two virgins successively, or one after the
death of the other, or once marrying a widow. This disqualified a man
for orders, and for holding ecclesiastical offices. Shakespeare uses
the word in the latter sense. Blackstone. Bouvier.
Base declension and loathed bigamy. Shak.

BIGARREAU; BIGAROON
Big`ar*reau", Big`a*roon", n. Etym: [F. bigarreau, fr. bigarré
variegated.] (Bot.)

Defn: The large white-heart cherry.

BIG-BELLIED
Big"-bel`lied, a.

Defn: Having a great belly; as, a big-bellied man or flagon; advanced
in pregnancy.

BIG BEND STATE
Big Bend State.

Defn: Tennessee; -- a nickname.

BIGEMINATE
Bi*gem"i*nate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + geminate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having a forked petiole, and a pair of leaflets at the end of
each division; biconjugate; twice paired; -- said of a decompound
leaf.

BIGENTIAL
Bi*gen"tial, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + L. gens, gentis, tribe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Including two tribes or races of men.

BIGEYE
Big"eye`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of the genus Priacanthus, remarkable for the large size
of the eye.

BIGG
Bigg, n. & v.

Defn: See Big, n. & v.

BIGGEN
Big"gen, v. t. & i.

Defn: To make or become big; to enlarge. [Obs. or Dial.] Steele.

BIGGER
Big"ger, a.

Defn: , compar. of Big.

BIGGEST
Big"gest, a.

Defn: , superl. of Big.

BIGGIN
Big"gin, n. Etym: [F. béguin, prob. from the cap worn by the
Béguines. Cf. Beguine, Biggon.]

Defn: A child's cap; a hood, or something worn on the head.
An old woman's biggin for a nightcap. Massinger.

BIGGIN
Big"gin, n.

Defn: A coffeepot with a strainer or perforated metallic vessel for
holding the ground coffee, through which boiling water is poured; --
so called from Mr. Biggin, the inventor.

BIGGIN; BIGGING
Big"gin, Big"ging, n. Etym: [OE. bigging. See Big, Bigg, v. t.]

Defn: A building. [Obs.]

BIGGON; BIGGONNET
Big"gon, Big"gon*net, n. Etym: [F. béguin and OF. beguinet, dim of
béguin. See Biggin a cap.]

Defn: A cap or hood with pieces covering the ears.

BIGHA
Big"ha, n.

Defn: A measure of land in India, varying from a third of an acre to
an acre.

BIGHORN
Big"horn`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Rocky Mountain sheep (Ovis or Caprovis montana).

BIGHT
Bight, n. Etym: [OE. bi a bending; cf. Sw. & Dan. bugt bend, bay; fr.
AS. byht, fr. b. sq. root88. Cf. Bout, Bought a bend, and see Bow,
v.]

1. A corner, bend, or angle; a hollow; as, the bight of a horse's
knee; the bight of an elbow.

2. (Geog.)

Defn: A bend in a coast forming an open bay; as, the Bight of Benin.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The double part of a rope when folded, in distinction from the
ends; that is, a round, bend, or coil not including the ends; a loop.

BIGLANDULAR
Bi*glan"du*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + glandular.]

Defn: Having two glands, as a plant.

BIGLY
Big"ly, adv. Etym: [From Big, a.]

Defn: In a tumid, swelling, blustering manner; haughtily; violently.
He brawleth bigly. Robynson (More's Utopia. )

BIGNESS
Big"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being big; largeness; size; bulk.

BIGNONIA
Big*no"ni*a, n. Etym: [Named from the Abbé Bignon.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large genus of American, mostly tropical, climbing shrubs,
having compound leaves and showy somewhat tubular flowers. B.
capreolata is the cross vine of the Southern United States. The
trumpet creeper was formerly considered to be of this genus.

BIGNONIACEOUS
Big*no`ni*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of which
the trumpet flower is an example.

BIGOT
Big"ot, n. Etym: [F. bigot a bigot or hypocrite, a name once given to
the Normans in France. Of unknown origin; possibly akin to Sp. bigote
a whisker; hombre de bigote a man of spirit and vigor; cf. It. s-
bigottire to terrify, to appall. Wedgwood and others maintain that
bigot is from the same source as Beguine, Beghard.]

1. A hypocrite; esp., a superstitious hypocrite. [Obs.]

2. A person who regards his own faith and views in matters of
religion as unquestionably right, and any belief or opinion opposed
to or differing from them as unreasonable or wicked. In an extended
sense, a person who is intolerant of opinions which conflict with his
own, as in politics or morals; one obstinately and blindly devoted to
his own church, party, belief, or opinion.
To doubt, where bigots had been content to wonder and believe.
Macaulay.

BIGOT
Big"ot, a.

Defn: Bigoted. [Obs.]
In a country more bigot than ours. Dryden.

BIGOTED
Big"ot*ed, a.

Defn: Obstinately and blindly attached to some creed, opinion
practice, or ritual; unreasonably devoted to a system or party, and
illiberal toward the opinions of others. "Bigoted to strife." Byron.

Syn.
 -- Prejudiced; intolerant; narrow-minded.

BIGOTEDLY
Big"ot*ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a bigot.

BIGOTRY
Big"ot*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. bigoterie.]

1. The state of mind of a bigot; obstinate and unreasoning attachment
of one's own belief and opinions, with narrow-minded intolerance of
beliefs opposed to them.

2. The practice or tenets of a bigot.

BIGWIG
Big"wig`, n. Etym: [Big,a.+ wig.]

Defn: A person of consequence; as, the bigwigs of society. [Jocose]
In our youth we have heard him spoken of by the bigwigs with extreme
condescension. Dickens.

BIG-WIGGED
Big"-wigged`, a.

Defn: characterized by pomposity of manner. [Eng.]

BIHYDROGURET
Bi`hy*drog"u*ret, n. Etym: [Pref. bi- + hydroguret.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of two atoms of hydrogen with some other substance.
[Obs.]

BIJOU
Bi*jou", n.; pl. Bijoux. Etym: [F.; of uncertain origin.]

Defn: A trinket; a jewel; -- a word applied to anything small and of
elegant workmanship.

BIJOUTRY
Bi*jou"try, n. Etym: [F. bijouterie. See Bijou.]

Defn: Small articles of virtu, as jewelry, trinkets, etc.

BIJUGATE
Bij"u*gate, a. Etym: [L. bis twice + jugatus, p. p. of jugare to
join.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having two pairs, as of leaflets.

BIJUGOUS
Bij"u*gous, a. Etym: [L. bijugus yoked two together; bis twice +
jugum yoke, pair.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bijugate.

BIKE
Bike, n. Etym: [Ethymol. unknown.]

Defn: A nest of wild bees, wasps, or ants; a swarm. [Scot.] Sir W.
Scott.

BIKH
Bikh, n. Etym: [Hind., fr. Skr. visha poison.] (Bot.)

Defn: The East Indian name of a virulent poison extracted from
Aconitum ferox or other species of aconite: also, the plant itself.

BILABIATE
Bi*la"bi*ate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + labiate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having two lips, as the corols of certain flowers.

BILACINIATE
Bi`la*cin"i*ate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + laciniate.]

Defn: Doubly fringed.

BILALO
Bi*la"lo, n.

Defn: A two-masted passenger boat or small vessel, used in the bay of
Manila.

BILAMELLATE; BILAMELLATED
Bi*lam"el*late, Bi*lam"el*la`ted, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + lamellate.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Formed of two plates, as the stigma of the Mimulus; also,
having two elevated ridges, as in the lip of certain flowers.

BILAMINAR; BILAMINATE
Bi*lam"i*nar, Bi*lam"i*nate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + laminar,
laminate.]

Defn: Formed of, or having, two laminæ, or thin plates.

BILAND
Bi"land, n.

Defn: A byland. [Obs.] Holland.

BILANDER
Bil"an*der, n. Etym: [D. bijlander; bij by + land land, country.]
(Naut.)

Defn: A small two-masted merchant vessel, fitted only for coasting,
or for use in canals, as in Holland.
Why choose we, then, like bilanders to creep Along the coast, and
land in view to keep Dryden.

BILATERAL
Bi*lat"er*al, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + lateral: cf. F. bilatéral.]

1. Having two sides; arranged upon two sides; affecting two sides or
two parties.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the two sides of a central area or organ,
or of a central axis; as, bilateral symmetry in animals, where there
is a similarity of parts on the right and left sides of the body.

BILATERALITY
Bi*lat`er*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: State of being bilateral.

BILBERRY
Bil"ber*ry, n.; pl. Bilberries (. Etym: [Cf. Dan. böllebær bilberry,
where bölle is perh. akin to E. ball.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The European whortleberry (Vaccinium myrtillus); also, its
edible bluish black fruit.
There pinch the maids as blue as bilberry. Shak.

2. (Bot.) Any similar plant or its fruit; esp., in America, the
species Vaccinium myrtilloides, V. cæspitosum and V. uliginosum.

BILBO
Bil"bo, n.; pl. Bilboes (.

1. A rapier; a sword; so named from Bilbao, in Spain. Shak.

2. pl.

Defn: A long bar or bolt of iron with sliding shackles, and a lock at
the end, to confine the feet of prisoners or offenders, esp. on board
of ships.
Methought I lay Worse than the mutines in the bilboes. Shak.

BILBOQUET
Bil"bo*quet, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The toy called cup and ball.

BILCOCK
Bil"cock, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European water rail.

BILDSTEIN
Bild"stein, n. Etym: [G., fr. bild image, likeness + stein stone.]

Defn: Same as Agalmatolite.

BILE
Bile, n. Etym: [L. bilis: cf. F. bile.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: A yellow, or greenish, viscid fluid, usually alkaline in
reaction, secreted by the liver. It passes into the intestines, where
it aids in the digestive process. Its characteristic constituents are
the bile salts, and coloring matters.

2. Bitterness of feeling; choler; anger; ill humor; as, to stir one's
bile. Prescott.

Note: The ancients considered the bile to be the "humor" which caused
irascibility.

BILE
Bile, n. Etym: [OE. byle, bule, bele, AS. b, b; skin to D. buil, G.
beule, and Goth. ufbauljan to puff up. Cf. Boil a tumor, Bulge.]

Defn: A boil. [Obs. or Archaic]

BILECTION
Bi*lec"tion, n. (Arch.)

Defn: That portion of a group of moldings which projects beyond the
general surface of a panel; a bolection.

BILESTONE
Bile"stone`, n. Etym: [Bile + stone.]

Defn: A gallstone, or biliary calculus. See Biliary. E. Darwin.

BILGE
Bilge, n. Etym: [A different orthography of bulge, of same origin as
belly. Cf. Belly, Bulge.]

1. The protuberant part of a cask, which is usually in the middle.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: That part of a ship's hull or bottom which is broadest and most
nearly flat, and on which she would rest if aground.

3. Bilge water. Bilge free (Naut.), stowed in such a way that the
bilge is clear of everything; -- said of a cask.
 -- Bilge pump, a pump to draw the bilge water from the gold of a
ship.
 -- Bilge water (Naut.), water which collects in the bilge or bottom
of a ship or other vessel. It is often allowed to remain till it
becomes very offensive.
 -- Bilge ways, the timbers which support the cradle of a ship upon
the ways, and which slide upon the launching ways in launching the
vessel.

BILGE
Bilge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bilged (; p. pr. & vb. n. Bilging.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: To suffer a fracture in the bilge; to spring a leak by a
fracture in the bilge.

2. To bulge.

BILGE
Bilge, v. t.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: To fracture the bilge of, or stave in the bottom of (a ship or
other vessel).

2. To cause to bulge.

BILGY
Bil"gy, a.

Defn: Having the smell of bilge water.

BILIARY
Bil"ia*ry, a. Etym: [L. bilis bile: cf. F. biliaire.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Relating or belonging to bile; conveying bile; as, biliary
acids; biliary ducts. Biliary calculus (Med.), a gallstone, or a
concretion formed in the gall bladder or its duct.

BILIATION
Bil`i*a"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The production and excretion of bile.

BILIFEROUS
Bi*lif"er*ous, a.

Defn: Generating bile.

BILIFUSCIN
Bil`i*fus"cin, n. Etym: [L. bilis bile + fuscus dark.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A brownish green pigment found in human gallstones and in old
bile. It is a derivative of bilirubin.

BILIMBI; BILIMBING
Bi*lim"bi, Bi*lim"bing, n. Etym: [Malay.]

Defn: The berries of two East Indian species of Averrhoa, of the
Oxalideæ or Sorrel family. They are very acid, and highly esteemed
when preserved or pickled. The juice is used as a remedy for skin
diseases. [Written also blimbi and blimbing.]

BILIMENT
Bil"i*ment, n.

Defn: A woman's ornament; habiliment. [Obs.]

BILIN
Bi"lin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. biline, from L. bilis bile.] (Physiol.
Chem.)

Defn: A name applied to the amorphous or crystalline mass obtained
from bile by the action of alcohol and ether. It is composed of a
mixture of the sodium salts of the bile acids.

BILINEAR
Bi*lin"e*ar, a. (Math.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or included by, two lines; as, bilinear
coördinates.

BILINGUAL
Bi*lin"gual, a. Etym: [L. bilinguis; bis twice + lingua tongue,
language.]

Defn: Containing, or consisting of, two languages; expressed in two
languages; as, a bilingual inscription; a bilingual dictionary.
 -- Bi*lin"gual*ly, adv.

BILINGUALISM
Bi*lin"gual*ism, n.

Defn: Quality of being bilingual.
The bilingualism of King's English. Earle.

BILINGUAR
Bi*lin"guar, a.

Defn: See Bilingual.

BILINGUIST
Bi*lin"guist, n.

Defn: One versed in two languages.

BILINGUOUS
Bi*lin"guous, a. Etym: [L. bilinguis.]

Defn: Having two tongues, or speaking two languages. [Obs.]

BILIOUS
Bil"ious, a. Etym: [L. biliosus, fr. bilis bile.]

1. Of or pertaining to the bile.

2. Disordered in respect to the bile; troubled with and excess of
bile; as, a bilious patient; dependent on, or characterized by, an
excess of bile; as, bilious symptoms.

3. Choleric; passionate; ill tempered. "A bilious old nabob."
Macaulay. Bilious temperament. See Temperament.

BILIOUSNESS
Bil"ious*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being bilious.

BILIPRASIN
Bil`i*pra"sin, n. Etym: [L. bilis bile + prasinus green.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A dark green pigment found in small quantity in human
gallstones.

BILIRUBIN
Bil`i*ru"bin, n. Etym: [L. bilis biel + ruber red.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A reddish yellow pigment present in human bile, and in that
from carnivorous and herbivorous animals; the normal biliary pigment.

BILITERAL
Bi*lit"er*al, a. Etym: [L. bis twice + littera letter.]

Defn: Consisting of two letters; as, a biliteral root of a Sanskrit
verb. Sir W. Jones.
 -- n.

Defn: A word, syllable, or root, consisting of two letters.

BILITERALISM
Bi*lit"er*al*ism, n.

Defn: The property or state of being biliteral.

BILIVERDIN
Bil`i*ver"din, n. Etym: [L. bilis bile + viridis green. Cf. Verdure.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: A green pigment present in the bile, formed from bilirubin by
oxidation.

BILK
Bilk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bilked; p. pr. & vb. n. Bilking.] Etym:
[Origin unknown. Cf. Balk.]

Defn: To frustrate or disappoint; to deceive or defraud, by
nonfulfillment of engagement; to leave in the lurch; to give the slip
to; as, to bilk a creditor. Thackeray.

BILK
Bilk, n.

1. A thwarting an adversary in cribbage by spoiling his score; a
balk.

2. A cheat; a trick; a hoax. Hudibras.

3. Nonsense; vain words. B. Jonson.

4. A person who tricks a creditor; an untrustworthy, tricky person.
Marryat.

BILL
Bill, n. Etym: [OE. bile, bille, AS. bile beak of a bird, proboscis;
cf. Ir. & Gael. bil, bile, mouth, lip, bird's bill. Cf. Bill a
weapon.]

Defn: A beak, as of a bird, or sometimes of a turtle or other animal.
Milton.

BILL
Bill, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Billed; p. pr. & vb. n. Billing.]

1. To strike; to peck. [Obs.]

2. To join bills, as doves; to caress in fondness. "As pigeons bill."
Shak. To bill and coo, to interchange caresses; -- said of doves;
also of demonstrative lovers. Thackeray.

BILL
Bill, n.

Defn: The bell, or boom, of the bittern
The bittern's hollow bill was heard. Wordsworth.

BILL
Bill, n. Etym: [OE. bil, AS. bill, bil; akin to OS. bil sword, OHG.
bill pickax, G. bille. Cf. Bill bea

1. A cutting instrument, with hook-shaped point, and fitted with a
handle; -- used in pruning, etc.; a billhook. When short, called a
hand bill, when long, a hedge bill.

2. A weapon of infantry, in the 14th and 15th centuries. A common
form of bill consisted of a broad, heavy, double-edged, hook-shaped
blade, having a short pike at the back and another at the top, and
attached to the end of a long staff.
France had no infantry that dared to face the English bows end bills.
Macaulay.

3. One who wields a bill; a billman. Strype.

4. A pickax, or mattock. [Obs.]

5. (Naut.)

Defn: The extremity of the arm of an anchor; the point of or beyond
the fluke.

BILL
Bill, v. t.

Defn: To work upon ( as to dig, hoe, hack, or chop anything) with a
bill.

BILL
Bill, n. Etym: [OE. bill, bille, fr. LL. billa (or OF. bille), for L.
bulla anything rounded, LL., seal, stamp, letter, edict, roll; cf. F.
bille a ball, prob. fr. Ger.; cf. MHG. bickel, D. bikkel, dice. Cf.
Bull papal edict, Billet a paper.]

1. (Law)

Defn: A declaration made in writing, stating some wrong the
complainant has suffered from the defendant, or a fault committed by
some person against a law.

2. A writing binding the signer or signers to pay a certain sum at a
future day or on demand, with or without interest, as may be stated
in the document. [Eng.]

Note: In the United States, it is usually called a note, a note of
hand, or a promissory note.

3. A form or draft of a law, presented to a legislature for
enactment; a proposed or projected law.

4. A paper, written or printed, and posted up or given away, to
advertise something, as a lecture, a play, or the sale of goods; a
placard; a poster; a handbill.
She put up the bill in her parlor window. Dickens.

5. An account of goods sold, services rendered, or work done, with
the price or charge; a statement of a creditor's claim, in gross or
by items; as, a grocer's bill.

6. Any paper, containing a statement of particulars; as, a bill of
charges or expenditures; a weekly bill of mortality; a bill of fare,
etc. Bill of adventure. See under Adventure.
 -- Bill of costs, a statement of the items which form the total
amount of the costs of a party to a suit or action.
 -- Bill of credit. (a) Within the constitution of the United States,
a paper issued by a State, on the mere faith and credit of the State,
and designed to circulate as money. No State shall "emit bills of
credit." U. S. Const. Peters. Wharton. Bouvier (b) Among merchants, a
letter sent by an agent or other person to a merchant, desiring him
to give credit to the bearer for goods or money.
 -- Bill of divorce, in the Jewish law, a writing given by the
husband to the wife, by which the marriage relation was dissolved.
Jer. iii. 8.
 -- Bill of entry, a written account of goods entered at the
customhouse, whether imported or intended for exportation.
 -- Bill of exceptions. See under Exception.
 -- Bill of exchange (Com.), a written order or request from one
person or house to another, desiring the latter to pay to some person
designated a certain sum of money therein generally is, and, to be
negotiable, must be, made payable to order or to bearer. So also the
order generally expresses a specified time of payment, and that it is
drawn for value. The person who draws the bil is called the drawer,
the person on whom it is drawn is, before acceptance, called the
drawee, -- after acceptance, the acceptor; the person to whom the
money is directed to be paid is called the payee. The person making
the order may himself be the payee. The bill itself is frequently
called a draft. See Exchange. Chitty.
 -- Bill of fare, a written or printed enumeration of the dishes
served at a public table, or of the dishes (with prices annexed)
which may be ordered at a restaurant, etc.
 -- Bill of health, a certificate from the proper authorities as to
the state of health of a ship's company at the time of her leaving
port.
 -- Bill of indictment, a written accusation lawfully presented to a
grand jury. If the jury consider the evidence sufficient to support
the accusation, they indorse it "A true bill," or "Not found," or
"Ignoramus", or "Ignored." -- Bill of lading, a written account of
goods shipped by any person, signed by the agent of the owner of the
vessel, or by its master, acknowledging the receipt of the goods, and
promising to deliver them safe at the place directed, dangers of the
sea excepted. It is usual for the master to sign two, three, or four
copies of the bill; one of which he keeps in possession, one is kept
by the shipper, and one is sent to the consignee of the goods.
 -- Bill of mortality, an official statement of the number of deaths
in a place or district within a given time; also, a district required
to be covered by such statement; as, a place within the bills of
mortality of London.
 -- Bill of pains and penalties, a special act of a legislature which
inflicts a punishment less than death upon persons supposed to be
guilty of treason or felony, without any conviction in the ordinary
course of judicial proceedings. Bouvier. Wharton.
 -- Bill of parcels, an account given by the seller to the buyer of
the several articles purchased, with the price of each.
 -- Bill of particulars (Law), a detailed statement of the items of a
plaintiff's demand in an action, or of the defendant's set-off.
 -- Bill of rights, a summary of rights and privileges claimed by a
people. Such was the declaration presented by the Lords and Commons
of England to the Prince and Princess of Orange in 1688, and enacted
in Parliament after they became king and queen. In America, a bill or
declaration of rights is prefixed to most of the constitutions of the
several States.
 -- Bill of sale, a formal instrument for the conveyance or transfer
of goods and chattels.
 -- Bill of sight, a form of entry at the customhouse, by which
goods, respecting which the importer is not possessed of full
information, may be provisionally landed for examination.
 -- Bill of store, a license granted at the customhouse to merchants,
to carry such stores and provisions as are necessary for a voyage,
custom free. Wharton.
 -- Bills payable (pl.), the outstanding unpaid notes or acceptances
made and issued by an individual or firm.
 -- Bills receivable (pl.), the unpaid promissory notes or
acceptances held by an individual or firm. McElrath.
 -- A true bill, a bill of indictment sanctioned by a grand jury.

BILL
Bill, v. t.

1. To advertise by a bill or public notice.

2. To charge or enter in a bill; as, to bill goods.

BILLABONG
Bil"la*bong`, n. [Native name.]

Defn: In Australia, a blind channel leading out from a river; --
sometimes called an anabranch. This is the sense of the word as used
in the Public Works Department; but the term has also been locally
applied to mere back-waters forming stagnant pools and to certain
water channels arising from a source.

BILLAGE
Bil"lage, n.

Defn: and v. t. & i. Same as Bilge.

BILLARD
Bil"lard, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An English fish, allied to the cod; the coalfish. [Written also
billet and billit.]

BILLBEETLE; BILLBUG
Bill`bee"tle, or Bill"bug`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A weevil or curculio of various species, as the corn weevil.
See Curculio.

BILLBOARD
Bill"board`, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of thick plank, armed with iron plates, and fixed on
the bow or fore channels of a vessel, for the bill or fluke of the
anchor to rest on. Totten.

2. A flat surface, as of a panel or of a fence, on which bills are
posted; a bulletin board.

BILL BOOK
Bill" book`. (Com.)

Defn: A book in which a person keeps an account of his notes, bills,
bills of exchange, etc., thus showing all that he issues and
receives.

BILL BROKER
Bill" bro`ker.

Defn: One who negotiates the discount of bills.

BILLED
Billed, a.

Defn: Furnished with, or having, a bill, as a bird; -- used in
composition; as, broad-billed.

BILLET
Bil"let, n. Etym: [F. billet, dim. of an OF. bille bill. See Bill a
writing.]

1. A small paper; a note; a short letter. "I got your melancholy
billet." Sterne.

2. A ticket from a public officer directing soldiers at what house to
lodge; as, a billet of residence.

BILLET
Bil"let, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Billeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Billeting.]
Etym: [From Billet a ticket.] (Mil.)

Defn: To direct, by a ticket or note, where to lodge. Hence: To
quarter, or place in lodgings, as soldiers in private houses.
Billeted in so antiquated a mansion. W. Irving.

BILLET
Bil"let, n. Etym: [F. billette, bille, log; of unknown origin; a
different word from bille ball. Cf. Billiards, Billot.]

1. A small stick of wood, as for firewood.
They shall beat out my brains with billets. Shak.

2. (Metal.)

Defn: A short bar of metal, as of gold or iron.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornament in Norman work, resembling a billet of wood either
square or round.

4. (Saddlery)
(a) A strap which enters a buckle.
(b) A loop which receives the end of a buckled strap. Knight.

5. (Her.)

Defn: A bearing in the form of an oblong rectangle.

BILLET-DOUX
Bil`let-doux", n.; pl. Billets-doux. Etym: [F. billet note + doux
sweet, L. dulcis.]

Defn: A love letter or note.
A lover chanting out a billet-doux. Spectator.

BILLETHEAD
Bil"let*head`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A round piece of timber at the bow or stern of a whaleboat,
around which the harpoon lone is run out when the whale darts off.

BILLFISH
Bill"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name applied to several distinct fishes: (a) The garfish
(Tylosurus, or Belone, longirostris) and allied species. (b) The
saury, a slender fish of the Atlantic coast (Scomberesox saurus). (c)
The Tetrapturus albidus, a large oceanic species related to the
swordfish; the spearfish. (d) The American fresh-water garpike
(Lepidosteus osseus).

BILLHEAD
Bill"head`, n.

Defn: A printed form, used by merchants in making out bills or
rendering accounts.

BILL HOLDER
Bill" hold`er.

1. A person who holds a bill or acceptance.

2. A device by means of which bills, etc., are held.

BILLHOOK
Bill"hook`, n. Etym: [Bill + hook.]

Defn: A thick, heavy knife with a hooked point, used in pruning
hedges, etc. When it has a short handle, it is sometimes called a
hand bill; when the handle is long, a hedge bill or scimiter.

BILLIARD
Bil"liard, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the game of billiards. "Smooth as is a
billiard ball." B. Jonson.

BILLIARDS
Bil"liards, n. Etym: [F. billiard billiards, OF. billart staff, cue
form playing, fr. bille log. See Billet a stick.]

Defn: A game played with ivory balls o a cloth-covered, rectangular
table, bounded by elastic cushions. The player seeks to impel his
ball with his cue so that it shall either strike (carom upon) two
other balls, or drive another ball into one of the pockets with which
the table sometimes is furnished.

BILLING
Bill"ing, a. & n.

Defn: Caressing; kissing.

BILLINGSGATE
Bil"lings*gate`, n.

1. A market near the Billings gate in London, celebrated for fish and
foul language.

2. Coarsely abusive, foul, or profane language; vituperation;
ribaldry.

BILLION
Bil"lion, n. Etym: [F. billion, arbitrarily formed fr. L. bis twice,
in imitation of million a million. See Million.]

Defn: According to the French and American method of numeration, a
thousand millions, or 1,000,000,000; according to the English method,
a million millions, or 1,000,000,000,000. See Numeration.

BILLMAN
Bill"man, n.; pl. Billmen (.

Defn: One who uses, or is armed with, a bill or hooked ax. "A billman
of the guard." Savile.

BILLON
Bil`lon", n. Etym: [F. Cf. Billet a stick.]

Defn: An alloy of gold and silver with a large proportion of copper
or other base metal, used in coinage.

BILLOT
Bil"lot, n. Etym: [F. billot, dim. of bille. See Billet a stick.]

Defn: Bullion in the bar or mass.

BILLOW
Bil"low, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. bylgja billow, Dan. bölge, Sw. bölja;
akin to MHG. bulge billow, bag, and to E. bulge. See Bulge.]

1. A great wave or surge of the sea or other water, caused usually by
violent wind.
Whom the winds waft where'er the billows roll. Cowper.

2. A great wave or flood of anything. Milton.

BILLOW
Bil"low, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Billowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Billowing.]

Defn: To surge; to rise and roll in waves or surges; to undulate.
"The billowing snow." Prior.

BILLOWY
Bil"low*y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to billows; swelling or swollen into large
waves; full of billows or surges; resembling billows.
And whitening down the many-tinctured stream, Descends the billowy
foam. Thomson.

BILLPOSTER; BILLSTICKER
Bill"post`er, Bill"stick"er, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to post handbills or posters in public
places.

BILLY
Bil"ly, n.

1. A club; esp., a policeman's club.

2. (Wool Manuf.)

Defn: A slubbing or roving machine.

BILLYBOY
Bil"ly*boy`, n.

Defn: A flat-bottomed river barge or coasting vessel. [Eng.]

BILLYCOCK; BILLYCOCK HAT
Bil"ly*cock, n., or Bil"ly*cock hat`. [Perh. from bully + cock; that
is, cocked like the hats of the bullies.]

Defn: A round, low-crowned felt hat; a wideawake. "The undignified
billycocks and pantaloons of the West."  B. H. Chamberlain.

Little acquiesced, and Ransome disguised him in a beard, and a loose
set of clothes, and a billicock hat.
Charles Reade.

BILLY GOAT
Bil"ly goat`.

Defn: A male goat. [Colloq.]

BILOBATE
Bi*lo"bate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + lobate.]

Defn: Divided into two lobes or segments.

BILOBED
Bi"lobed, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + lobe.]

Defn: Bilobate.

BILOCATION
Bi`lo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. bi- + location.]

Defn: Double location; the state or power of being in two places at
the same instant; -- a miraculous power attributed to some of the
saints. Tylor.

BILOCULAR
Bi*loc"u*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + locular: cf. F. biloculaire.]

Defn: Divided into two cells or compartments; as, a bilocular
pericarp. Gray.

BILSTED
Bil"sted, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Sweet gum.

BILTONG
Bil"tong, n. Etym: [S. African.]

Defn: Lean meat cut into strips and sun-dried. H. R. Haggard.

BIMACULATE
Bi*mac"u*late, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + maculate, a.]

Defn: Having, or marked with, two spots.

BIMANA
Bim"a*na, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Bimanous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Animals having two hands; -- a term applied by Cuvier to man as
a special order of Mammalia.

BIMANOUS
Bim"a*nous, a. Etym: [L. bis twice + manus hand.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having two hands; two-handed.

BIMARGINATE
Bi*mar"gin*ate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + marginate.]

Defn: Having a double margin, as certain shells.

BIMASTISM
Bi*mas"tism, n. Etym: [Pref. bi- + Gr. breast.] (Anat.)

Defn: The condition of having two mammæ or teats.

BIMEDIAL
Bi*me"di*al, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + medial.] (Geom.)

Defn: Applied to a line which is the sum of two lines commensurable
only in power (as the side and diagonal of a square).

BIMEMBRAL
Bi*mem"bral, a. Etym: [L. bis twice + membrum member.] (Gram.)

Defn: Having two members; as, a bimembral sentence. J. W. Gibbs.

BIMENSAL
Bi*men"sal, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + mensal.]

Defn: See Bimonthly, a. [Obs. or R.]

BIMESTRIAL
Bi*mes"tri*al, a. Etym: [L. bimestris; bis twice + mensis month.]

Defn: Continuing two months. [R.]

BIMETALLIC
Bi`me*tal"lic, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + metallic: cf. F. bimétallique.]

Defn: Of or relating to, or using, a double metallic standard (as
gold and silver) for a system of coins or currency.

BIMETALLISM
Bi*met"al*lism, n. Etym: [F. bimétalisme.]

Defn: The legalized use of two metals (as gold and silver) in the
currency of a country, at a fixed relative value; -- in opposition to
monometallism.

Note: The words bimétallisme and monométallisme are due to M.
Cernuschi [1869]. Littré.

BIMETALLIST
Bi*met"al*list, n.

Defn: An advocate of bimetallism.

BIMOLECULAR
Bi"mo*lec"u*lar, a. [Pref. bi-+ molecular.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or formed from, two molecules; as, a bimolecular
reaction (a reaction between two molecules).

BIMONTHLY
Bi*month"ly, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + monthly.]

Defn: Occurring, done, or coming, once in two months; as, bimonthly
visits; bimonthly publications.
 -- n.

Defn: A bimonthly publication.

BIMONTHLY
Bi*month"ly, adv.

Defn: Once in two months.

BIMUSCULAR
Bi*mus"cu*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + muscular.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having two adductor muscles, as a bivalve mollusk.

BIN
Bin, n. Etym: [OE. binne, AS. binn manager, crib; perh. akin to D.
ben, benne, basket, and to L. benna a kind of carriage ( a Gallic
word), W. benn, men, wain, cart.]

Defn: A box, frame, crib, or inclosed place, used as a receptacle for
any commodity; as, a corn bin; a wine bin; a coal bin.

BIN
Bin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Binned; p. pr. & vb. n. Binning.]

Defn: To put into a bin; as, to bin wine.

BIN
Bin.

Defn: An old form of Be and Been. [Obs.]

BIN; BIN-
Bin*.

Defn: A euphonic form of the prefix Bi-.

BINAL
Bi"nal, a. Etym: [See Binary.]

Defn: Twofold; double. [R.] "Binal revenge, all this." Ford.

BINARSENIATE
Bin`ar*se"ni*ate, n. Etym: [Pref. bin- + arseniate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt having two equivalents of arsenic acid to one of the
base. Graham.

BINARY
Bi"na*ry, a. Etym: [L. binarius, fr. bini two by two, two at a time,
fr. root of bis twice; akin to E. two: cf. F. binaire.]

Defn: Compounded or consisting of two things or parts; characterized
by two (things). Binary arithmetic, that in which numbers are
expressed according to the binary scale, or in which two figures
only, 0 and 1, are used, in lieu of ten; the cipher multiplying
everything by two, as in common arithmetic by ten. Thus, 1 is one; 10
is two; 11 is three; 100 is four, etc. Davies & Peck.
 -- Binary compound (Chem.), a compound of two elements, or of an
element and a compound performing the function of an element, or of
two compounds performing the function of elements.
 -- Binary logarithms, a system of logarithms devised by Euler for
facilitating musical calculations, in which 1 is logarithm of 2,
instead of 10, as in the common logarithms, and the modulus 1.442695
instead of .43429448.
 -- Binary measure (Mus.), measure divisible by two or four; common
time.
 -- Binary nomenclature (Nat. Hist.), nomenclature in which the names
designate both genus and species.
 -- Binary scale (Arith.), a uniform scale of notation whose ratio is
two.
 -- Binary star (Astron.), a double star whose members have a
revolution round their common center of gravity.
 -- Binary theory (Chem.), the theory that all chemical compounds
consist of two constituents of opposite and unlike qualities.

BINARY
Bi"na*ry, n.

Defn: That which is constituted of two figures, things, or parts;
two; duality. Fotherby.

BINATE
Bi"nate, a. Etym: [L. bini two and two.] (Bot.)

Defn: Double; growing in pairs or couples. Gray.

BINAURAL
Bin*au"ral, a. Etym: [Pref. bin- + aural.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or used by, both ears.

BINBASHI
Bin*bash"i, n. [Turk., prop., chief of a thousand; bin thousand +
bash head.] (Mil.)

Defn: A major in the Turkish army.

BIND
Bind, v. t. [imp. Bound; p. p. Bound, formerly Bounden; p. pr. & vb.
n. Binding.] Etym: [AS. bindan, perfect tense band, bundon, p. p.
bunden; akin to D. & G. binden, Dan. binde, Sw. & Icel. binda, Goth.
bindan, Skr. bandh (for bhandh) to bind, cf. Gr. (for ) cable, and L.
offendix. sq. root90.]

1. To tie, or confine with a cord, band, ligature, chain, etc.; to
fetter; to make fast; as, to bind grain in bundles; to bind a
prisoner.

2. To confine, restrain, or hold by physical force or influence of
any kind; as, attraction binds the planets to the sun; frost binds
the earth, or the streams.
He bindeth the floods from overflowing. Job xxviii. 11.
Whom Satan hath bound, lo, these eighteen years. Luke xiii. 16.

3. To cover, as with a bandage; to bandage or dress; -- sometimes
with up; as, to bind up a wound.

4. To make fast ( a thing) about or upon something, as by tying; to
encircle with something; as, to bind a belt about one; to bind a
compress upon a part.

5. To prevent or restrain from customary or natural action; as,
certain drugs bind the bowels.

6. To protect or strengthen by a band or binding, as the edge of a
carpet or garment.

7. To sew or fasten together, and inclose in a cover; as, to bind a
book.

8. Fig.: To oblige, restrain, or hold, by authority, law, duty,
promise, vow, affection, or other moral tie; as, to bind the
conscience; to bind by kindness; bound by affection; commerce binds
nations to each other.
Who made our laws to bind us, not himself. Milton.

9. (Law)
(a) To bring (any one) under definite legal obligations; esp. under
the obligation of a bond or covenant. Abbott.
(b) To place under legal obligation to serve; to indenture; as, to
bind an apprentice; -- sometimes with out; as, bound out to service.
To bind over, to put under bonds to do something, as to appear at
court, to keep the peace, etc.
 -- To bind to, to contract; as, to bind one's self to a wife.
 -- To bind up in, to cause to be wholly engrossed with; to absorb
in.

Syn.
 -- To fetter; tie; fasten; restrain; restrict; oblige.

BIND
Bind, v. i.

1. To tie; to confine by any ligature.
They that reap must sheaf and bind. Shak.

2. To contract; to grow hard or stiff; to cohere or stick together in
a mass; as, clay binds by heat. Mortimer.

3. To be restrained from motion, or from customary or natural action,
as by friction.

4. To exert a binding or restraining influence. Locke.

BIND
Bind, n.

1. That which binds or ties.

2. Any twining or climbing plant or stem, esp. a hop vine; a bine.

3. (Metal.)

Defn: Indurated clay, when much mixed with the oxide of iron. Kirwan.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A ligature or tie for grouping notes.

BINDER
Bind"er, n.

1. One who binds; as, a binder of sheaves; one whose trade is to
bind; as, a binder of books.

2. Anything that binds, as a fillet, cord, rope, or band; a bandage;
-- esp. the principal piece of timber intended to bind together any
building.

BINDERY
Bind"er*y, n.

Defn: A place where books, or other articles, are bound; a
bookbinder's establishment.

BINDHEIMITE
Bind"heim*ite, n. Etym: [From Bindheim, a German who analyzed it.]
(Min.)

Defn: An amorphous antimonate of lead, produced from the alteration
of other ores, as from jamesonite.

BINDING
Bind"ing, a.

Defn: That binds; obligatory. Binding beam (Arch.), the main timber
in double flooring.
 -- Binding joist (Arch.), the secondary timber in double-framed
flooring.

Syn.
 -- Obligatory; restraining; restrictive; stringent; astringent;
costive; styptic.

BINDING
Bind"ing, n.

1. The act or process of one who, or that which, binds.

2. Anything that binds; a bandage; the cover of a book, or the cover
with the sewing, etc.; something that secures the edge of cloth from
raveling.

3. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: The transoms, knees, beams, keelson, and other chief timbers
used for connecting and strengthening the parts of a vessel.

BINDINGLY
Bind"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to bind.

BINDINGNESS
Bind"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The condition or property of being binding; obligatory quality.
Coleridge.

BINDING POST
Bind"ing post`. (Elec.)

Defn: A metallic post attached to electrical apparatus for
convenience in making connections.

BINDING SCREW
Bind"ing screw`.

Defn: A set screw used to bind parts together, esp. one for making a
connection in an electrical circuit.

BINDWEED
Bind"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Convolvulus; as, greater bindweed (C.
Sepium); lesser bindweed (C. arvensis); the white, the blue, the
Syrian, bindweed. The black bryony, or Tamus, is called black
bindweed, and the Smilax aspera, rough bindweed.
The fragile bindweed bells and bryony rings. Tennyson.

BINE
Bine, n. Etym: [Bind, cf. Woodbine.]

Defn: The winding or twining stem of a hop vine or other climbing
plant.

BINERVATE
Bi*nerv"ate, a. Etym: [L. bis twice + nervus sinew, nerve.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Two-nerved; -- applied to leaves which have two longitudinal
ribs or nerves.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having only two nerves, as the wings of some insects.

BING
Bing, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. bingr, Sw. binge, G. beige, beuge. Cf.
Prov. E. bink bench, and bench coal the uppermost stratum of coal.]

Defn: A heap or pile; as, a bing of wood. "Potato bings." Burns. "A
bing of corn." Surrey. [Obs. or Dial. Eng. & Scot.]

BINIODIDE
Bin*i"o*dide, n.

Defn: Same as Diiodide.

BINK
Bink, n.

Defn: A bench. [North of Eng. & Scot.]

BINNACLE
Bin"na*cle, n. Etym: [For bittacle, corrupted (perh. by influence of
bin) fr. Pg. bitacola binnacle, fr. L. habitaculum dwelling place,
fr. habitare to dwell. See Habit, and cf. Bittacle.] (Naut.)

Defn: A case or box placed near the helmsman, containing the compass
of a ship, and a light to show it at night. Totten.

BINNY
Bin"ny, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large species of barbel (Barbus bynni), found in the Nile,
and much esteemed for food.

BINOCLE
Bin"o*cle, n. Etym: [F. binocle; L. bini two at a time + oculus eye.]
(Opt.)

Defn: A dioptric telescope, fitted with two tubes joining, so as to
enable a person to view an object with both eyes at once; a double-
barreled field glass or an opera glass.

BINOCULAR
Bin*oc"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. binoculaire. See Binocle.]

1. Having two eyes. "Most animals are binocular." Derham.

2. Pertaining to both eyes; employing both eyes at once; as,
binocular vision.

3. Adapted to the use of both eyes; as, a binocular microscope or
telescope. Brewster.

BINOCULAR
Bin*oc"u*lar, n.

Defn: A binocular glass, whether opera glass, telescope, or
microscope.

BINOCULARLY
Bin*oc"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a binocular manner.

BINOCULATE
Bin*oc"u*late, a.

Defn: Having two eyes.

BINOMIAL
Bi*no"mi*al, n. Etym: [L. bis twice + nomen name: cf. F. binome, LL.
binomius (or fr. bi- + Gr. distribution ). Cf. Monomial.] (Alg.)

Defn: An expression consisting of two terms connected by the sign
plus (+) or minus (-); as, a+b, or 7-3.

BINOMIAL
Bi*no"mi*al, a.

1. Consisting of two terms; pertaining to binomials; as, a binomial
root.

2. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Having two names; -- used of the system by which every animal
and plant receives two names, the one indicating the genus, the other
the species, to which it belongs. Binomial theorem (Alg.), the
theorem which expresses the law of formation of any power of a
binomial.

BINOMINAL
Bi*nom"i*nal, a. Etym: [See Binomial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to two names; binomial.

BINOMINOUS
Bi*nom"i*nous, a.

Defn: Binominal. [Obs.]

BINOTONOUS
Bi*not"o*nous, a. Etym: [L. bini two at a time + tonus, fr. Gr. ,
tone.]

Defn: Consisting of two notes; as, a binotonous cry.

BINOUS
Bi"nous, a.

Defn: Same as Binate.

BINOXALATE
Bin*ox"a*late, n. Etym: [Pref. bin- + oxalate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt having two equivalents of oxalic acid to one of the
base; an acid oxalate.

BINOXIDE
Bin*ox"ide, n. Etym: [Pref. bin- + oxide.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Dioxide.

BINTURONG
Bin"tu*rong, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small Asiatic civet of the genus Arctilis.

BINUCLEAR; BINUCLEATE
Bi*nu"cle*ar, Bi*nu"cle*ate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + nuclear,
nucleate.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having two nuclei; as, binucleate cells.

BINUCLEOLATE
Bi*nu"cle*o*late, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + nucleolus.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having two nucleoli.

BIOBLAST
Bi"o*blast, n. Etym: [Gr. life + -blast.] (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Bioplast.

BIOCELLATE
Bi*oc"el*late, a. Etym: [L. bis twice + ocellatus. See Ocellated.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Having two ocelli (eyelike spots); -- said of a wing, etc.

BIOCHEMISTRY
Bi`o*chem"is*try, n. Etym: [Gr. life + E. chemistry.] (Biol.)

Defn: The chemistry of living organisms; the chemistry of the
processes incidental to, and characteristic of, life.

BIODYNAMIC; BIODYNAMICAL
Bi`o*dy*nam"ic, Bi`o*dy*nam"ic*al, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to biodynamics, or the doctrine of vital
forces or energy.

BIODYNAMICS
Bi`o*dy*nam"ics, n. Etym: [Gr. life + E. dynamics.] (Biol.)

Defn: The doctrine of vital forces or energy.

BIOGEN
Bi"o*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. life + -gen.] (Biol.)

Defn: Bioplasm.

BIOGENESIS; BIOGENY
Bi`o*gen"e*sis, Bi*og"e*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. life + , , birth.] (Biol.)
(a) A doctrine that the genesis or production of living organisms can
take place only through the agency of living germs or parents; --
opposed to abiogenesis.
(b) Life development generally.

BIOGENETIC
Bi`o*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to biogenesis.

BIOGENIST
Bi*og"e*nist, n.

Defn: A believer in the theory of biogenesis.

BIOGEOGRAPHY
Bi`o*ge*og"ra*phy, n. [Gr. bi`os life + E. geography.]

Defn: The branch of biology which deals with the geographical
distribution of animals and plants. It includes both zoögeography and
phytogeography. -- Bi`o*ge`o*graph"ic (#), a. --
Bi`o*ge`o*graph"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

BIOGNOSIS
Bi`og*no"sis, n. Etym: [Gr. life + investigation.] (Biol.)

Defn: The investigation of life.

BIOGRAPH
Bi"o*graph, n. [Gr. bi`os life + -graph.]

1.

Defn: An animated picture machine for screen projection; a
cinematograph.

2.  [Cf. Biography.] A biographical sketch. [Rare]

BIOGRAPHER
Bi*og"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who writes an account or history of the life of a
particular person; a writer of lives, as Plutarch.

BIOGRAPHIC; BIOGRAPHICAL
Bi"o*graph"ic, Bi`o*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to biography; containing biography.
 -- Bi`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

BIOGRAPHIZE
Bi*og"ra*phize, v. t.

Defn: To write a history of the life of. Southey.

BIOGRAPHY
Bi*og"ra*phy, n.; pl. Biographies. Etym: [Gr. ; life + to write: cf.
F. biographie. See Graphic.]

1. The written history of a person's life.

2. Biographical writings in general.

BIOLOGIC; BIOLOGICAL
Bi`o*log"ic, Bi`o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or relating to biology.
 -- Bi`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

BIOLOGIST
Bi*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: A student of biology; one versed in the science of biology.

BIOLOGY
Bi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. life + -logy: cf. F. biologie.]

Defn: The science of life; that branch of knowledge which treats of
living matter as distinct from matter which is not living; the study
of living tissue. It has to do with the origin, structure,
development, function, and distribution of animals and plants.

BIOLYSIS
Bi*ol"y*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. life + a dissolving.] (Biol.)

Defn: The destruction of life.

BIOLYTIC
Bi`o*lyt"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. life + to destroy.]

Defn: Relating to the destruction of life.

BIOMAGNETIC
Bi`o*mag*net"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to biomagnetism.

BIOMAGNETISM
Bi`o*mag"net*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. life + E. magnetism.]

Defn: Animal magnetism.

BIOMETRY
Bi*om"e*try, n. Etym: [Gr. life + -metry.]

Defn: Measurement of life; calculation of the probable duration of
human life.

BION
Bi"on, n. Etym: [Gr. living, p. pr. of to live.] (Biol.)

Defn: The physiological individual, characterized by definiteness and
independence of function, in distinction from the morphological
individual or morphon.

BIONOMY
Bi*on"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. life + law.]

Defn: Physiology. [R.] Dunglison.

BIOPHOR; BIOPHORE
Bi"o*phor` Bi"o*phore`, n. Etym: [Gr. life + bearing, fr. to bear.]
(Biol.)

Defn: One of the smaller vital units of a cell, the bearer of
vitality and heredity. See Pangen, in Supplement.

BIOPHOTOPHONE
Bi`o*pho"to*phone, n. [Gr. bi`os life + photo + fwnh` sound, voice.]

Defn: An instrument combining a cinematograph and a phonograph so
that the moving figures on the screen are accompanied by the
appropriate sounds.

BIOPLASM
Bi"o*plasm, n. Etym: [Gr. life + form, mold, fr. to mold.] (Biol.)

Defn: A name suggested by Dr. Beale for the germinal matter supposed
to be essential to the functions of all living beings; the material
through which every form of life manifests itself; unaltered
protoplasm.

BIOPLASMIC
Bi`o*plas"mic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, bioplasm.

BIOPLAST
Bi"o*plast, n. Etym: [Gr. life + to form.] (Biol.)

Defn: A tiny mass of bioplasm, in itself a living unit and having
formative power, as a living white blood corpuscle; bioblast.

BIOPLASTIC
Bi`o*plas"tic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Bioplasmic.

BIOPSYCHIC; BIOPSYCHICAL
Bi`o*psy"chic, Bi`o*psy"chic*al, a. [Gr. bi`os life + psychic, -cal.]

Defn: Pertaining to psychical phenomena in their relation to the
living organism or to the general phenomena of life.

BIORGAN
Bi*or"gan, n. Etym: [Gr. life + E. organ.] (Biol.)

Defn: A physiological organ; a living organ; an organ endowed with
function; -- distinguished from idorgan.

BIOSCOPE
Bi"o*scope, n. [Gr. bi`os life + -scope.]

1.

Defn: A view of life; that which gives such a view.

Bagman's Bioscope: Various Views of Men and Manners. [Book Title.]
W. Bayley (1824).

2.  An animated picture machine for screen projection; a
cinematograph (which see).

BIOSTATICS
Bi`o*stat"ics, n. Etym: [Gr. life + . See Statics.] (Biol.)

Defn: The physical phenomena of organized bodies, in opposition to
their organic or vital phenomena.

BIOSTATISTICS
Bi`o*sta*tis"tics, n. Etym: [Gr. life + E. statistics.] (Biol.)

Defn: Vital statistics.

BIOTAXY
Bi"o*tax`y, n. Etym: [Gr. life + arrangement.] (Biol.)

Defn: The classification of living organisms according to their
structural character; taxonomy.

BIOTIC
Bi*ot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. pert. to life.] (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to life; as, the biotic principle.

BIOTITE
Bi"o*tite, n. Etym: [From Biot, a French naturalist.] (Min.)

Defn: Mica containing iron and magnesia, generally of a black or dark
green color; -- a common constituent of crystalline rocks. See Mica.

BIPALMATE
Bi*pal"mate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + palmate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Palmately branched, with the branches again palmated.

BIPARIETAL
Bi`pa*ri"e*tal, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + parietal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the diameter of the cranium, from one
parietal fossa to the other.

BIPAROUS
Bip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. bis twice + parere to bring forth.]

Defn: Bringing forth two at a birth.

BIPARTIBLE
Bi*part"i*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. bipartible. See Bipartite.]

Defn: Capable of being divided into two parts.

BIPARTIENT
Bi*par"tient, a. Etym: [L. bis twice + partiens, p. pr. of partire to
divide.]

Defn: Dividing into two parts.
 -- n.

Defn: A number that divides another into two equal parts without a
remainder.

BIPARTILE
Bi*par"tile, a.

Defn: Divisible into two parts.

BIPARTITE
Bip"ar*tite, a. Etym: [L. bipartitus, p. p. of bipartire; bis twice +
partire. See Partite.]

1. Being in two parts; having two correspondent parts, as a legal
contract or writing, one for each party; shared by two; as, a
bipartite treaty.

2. Divided into two parts almost to the base, as a leaf; consisting
of two parts or subdivisions. Gray.

BIPARTITION
Bi`par*ti"tion, n.

Defn: The act of dividing into two parts, or of making two
correspondent parts, or the state of being so divided.

BIPECTINATE; BIPECTINATED
Bi*pec"ti*nate, Bi*pec"ti*na`ted, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + pectinate.]
(Biol.)

Defn: Having two margins toothed like a comb.

BIPED
Bi"ped, n. Etym: [L. bipes; bis twice + pes, pedis, bipède.]

Defn: A two-footed animal, as man.

BIPED
Bi"ped, a.

Defn: Having two feet; two-footed.
By which the man, when heavenly life was ceased, Became a helpless,
naked, biped beast. Byrom.

BIPEDAL
Bip"e*dal, a. Etym: [L. bipedalis: cf. F. bipédal. See Biped, n.]

1. Having two feet; biped.

2. Pertaining to a biped.

BIPELTATE
Bi*pel"tate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + peltate.]

Defn: Having a shell or covering like a double shield.

BIPENNATE; BIPENNATED
Bi*pen"nate, Bi*pen"na*ted, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + pennate: cf. L.
bipennis. Cf. Bipinnate.]

Defn: Having two wings. "Bipennated insects." Derham.

BIPENNIS
Bi*pen"nis, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: An ax with an edge or blade on each side of the handle.

BIPETALOUS
Bi*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + petalous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having two petals.

BIPINNARIA
Bi`pin*na"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. bis twice + pinna feather.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of certain starfishes as developed in the free-
swimming stage.

BIPINNATE; BIPINNATED
Bi*pin"nate, Bi*pin"na*ted, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + pinnate; cf. F.
bipinné. Cf. Bipennate.]

Defn: Twice pinnate.

BIPINNATIFID
Bi`pin*nat"i*fid, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + pinnatifid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Doubly pinnatifid.

Note: A bipinnatifid leaf is a pinnatifid leaf having its segments or
divisions also pinnatifid. The primary divisions are pinnæ and the
secondary pinnules.

BIPLANE
Bi"plane, n. [Pref. bi- + plane.] (Aëronautics)

Defn: An aëroplane with two main supporting surfaces one above the
other.

BIPLANE
Bi"plane, a. (Aëronautics)

Defn: Having, or consisting of, two superposed planes, aërocurves, or
the like; of or pertaining to a biplane; as, a biplane rudder.

BIPLICATE
Bip"li*cate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + plicate.]

Defn: Twice folded together. Henslow.

BIPLICITY
Bi*plic"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being twice folded; reduplication. [R.] Bailey.

BIPOLAR
Bi*po"lar, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + polar. Cf. Dipolar.]

Defn: Doubly polar; having two poles; as, a bipolar cell or
corpuscle.

BIPOLARITY
Bi`po*lar"i*ty, n.

Defn: Bipolar quality.

BIPONT; BIPONTINE
Bi"pont, Bi*pont"ine, a. (Bibliog.)

Defn: Relating to books printed at Deuxponts, or Bipontium
(Zweibrücken), in Bavaria.

BIPRISM
Bi"prism, n. [Pref. bi- + prism.]

1.

Defn: A prism whose refracting angle is very nearly 180 degrees.

2.  A combination of two short rectangular glass prisms cemented
together at their diagonal faces so as to form a cube; -- called also
optical cube. It is used in one form of photometer.

BIPUNCTATE
Bi*punc"tate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + punctate.]

Defn: Having two punctures, or spots.

BIPUNCTUAL
Bi*punc"tu*al, a.

Defn: Having two points.

BIPUPILLATE
Bi*pu"pil*late, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + pupil (of the eye).] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having an eyelike spot on the wing, with two dots within it of
a different color, as in some butterflies.

BIPYRAMIDAL
Bi`py*ram"i*dal, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + pyramidal.]

Defn: Consisting of two pyramids placed base to base; having a
pyramid at each of the extremities of a prism, as in quartz crystals.

BIQUADRATE
Bi*quad"rate, n. Etym: [Pref. bi- + quadrate.] (Math.)

Defn: The fourth power, or the square of the square. Thus 4x4=16, the
square of 4, and 16x16=256, the biquadrate of 4.

BIQUADRATIC
Bi`quad*rat"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + quadratic: cf. F.
biquadratique.] (Math.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the biquadrate, or fourth power.
Biquadratic equation (Alg.), an equation of the fourth degree, or an
equation in some term of which the unknown quantity is raised to the
fourth power.
 -- Biquadratic root of a number, the square root of the square root
of that number. Thus the square root of 81 is 9, and the square root
of 9 is 3, which is the biquadratic root of 81. Hutton.

BIQUADRATIC
Bi`quad*rat"ic, n. (Math.)
(a) A biquadrate.
(b) A biquadratic equation.

BIQUINTILE
Bi*quin"tile, n. Etym: [Pref. bi- + quintile: cf. F. biquintile.]
(Astron.)

Defn: An aspect of the planets when they are distant from each other
by twice the fifth part of a great circle -- that is, twice 72
degrees.

BIRADIATE; BIRADIATED
Bi*ra"di*ate, Bi*ra"di*a`ted, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + radiate.]

Defn: Having two rays; as, a biradiate fin.

BIRAMOUS
Bi*ra"mous, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + ramous.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having, or consisting of, two branches.

BIRCH
Birch, n.; pl. Birches. Etym: [OE. birche, birk, AS. birce, beorc;
akin to Icel. björk, Sw. björk, Dan. birk, D. berk, OHG. piricha,
MHG. birche, birke, G. birke, Russ. bereza, Pol. brzoza, Serv. breza,
Skr. bh. sq. root254. Cf. 1st Birk.]

1. A tree of several species, constituting the genus Betula; as, the
white or common birch (B. alba) (also called silver birch and lady
birch); the dwarf birch (B. glandulosa); the paper or canoe birch (B.
papyracea); the yellow birch (B. lutea); the black or cherry birch
(B. lenta).

2. The wood or timber of the birch.

3. A birch twig or birch twigs, used for flogging.

Note: The twigs of the common European birch (B. alba), being tough
and slender, were formerly much used for rods in schools. They were
also made into brooms.
The threatening twigs of birch. Shak.

4. A birch-bark canoe. Birch of Jamaica, a species (Bursera
gummifera) of turpentine tree.
 -- Birch partridge. (Zoöl.) See Ruffed grouse.
 -- Birch wine, wine made of the spring sap of the birch.
 -- Oil of birch. (a) An oil obtained from the bark of the common
European birch (Betula alba), and used in the preparation of genuine
( and sometimes of the imitation) Russia leather, to which it gives
its peculiar odor. (b) An oil prepared from the black birch (B.
lenta), said to be identical with the oil of wintergreen, for which
it is largely sold.

BIRCH
Birch, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the birch; birchen.

BIRCH
Birch, v. t. [imp & p. p. Birched; p. pr. & vb. n. Birching.]

Defn: To whip with a birch rod or twig; to flog.

BIRCHEN
Birch"en, a.

Defn: Of or relating to birch.
He passed where Newark's stately tower Looks out from Yarrow's
birchen bower. Sir W. Scott.

BIRD
Bird, n. Etym: [OE. brid, bred, bird, young bird, bird, AS. bridd
young bird.

1. Orig., a chicken; the young of a fowl; a young eaglet; a nestling;
and hence, a feathered flying animal (see 2).
That ungentle gull, the cuckoo's bird. Shak.
The brydds [birds] of the aier have nestes. Tyndale (Matt. viii. 20).

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A warm-blooded, feathered vertebrate provided with wings. See
Aves.

3. Specifically, among sportsmen, a game bird.

4. Fig.: A girl; a maiden.
And by my word! the bonny bird In danger shall not tarry. Campbell.
Arabian bird, the phenix.
 -- Bird of Jove, the eagle.
 -- Bird of Juno, the peacock.
 -- Bird louse (Zoöl.), a wingless insect of the group Mallophaga, of
which the genera and species are very numerous and mostly parasitic
upon birds.
 -- Bird mite (Zoöl.), a small mite (genera Dermanyssus, Dermaleichus
and allies) parasitic upon birds. The species are numerous.
 -- Bird of passage, a migratory bird.
 -- Bird spider (Zoöl.), a very large South American spider (Mygale
avicularia). It is said sometimes to capture and kill small birds.
 -- Bird tick (Zoöl.), a dipterous insect parasitic upon birds (genus
Ornithomyia, and allies), usually winged.

BIRD
Bird, v. i.

1. To catch or shoot birds.

2. Hence: To seek for game or plunder; to thieve. [R.] B. Jonson.

BIRDBOLT
Bird"bolt`, n.

Defn: A short blunt arrow for killing birds without piercing them.
Hence: Anything which smites without penetrating. Shak.

BIRD CAGE; BIRDCAGE
Bird" cage", or Bird"cage`, n.

Defn: A cage for confining birds.

BIRDCALL
Bird"call`, n.

1. A sound made in imitation of the note or cry of a bird for the
purpose of decoying the bird or its mate.

2. An instrument of any kind, as a whistle, used in making the sound
of a birdcall.

BIRDCATCHER
Bird"catch`er, n.

Defn: One whose employment it is to catch birds; a fowler.

BIRDCATCHING
Bird"catch`ing, n.

Defn: The art, act, or occupation or catching birds or wild fowls.

BIRD CHERRY
Bird" cher`ry. (Bot.)

Defn: A shrub (Prunus Padus ) found in Northern and Central Europe.
It bears small black cherries.

BIRDER
Bird"er, n.

Defn: A birdcatcher.

BIRD-EYED
Bird"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Quick-sighted; catching a glance as one goes.

BIRD FANCIER
Bird" fan`ci*er.

1. One who takes pleasure in rearing or collecting rare or curious
birds.

2. One who has for sale the various kinds of birds which are kept in
cages.

BIRDIE
Bird"ie, n.

Defn: A pretty or dear little bird; -- a pet name. Tennyson.

BIRDIKIN
Bird"i*kin, n.

Defn: A young bird. Thackeray.

BIRDING
Bird"ing, n.

Defn: Birdcatching or fowling. Shak. Birding piece, a fowling piece.
Shak.

BIRDLET
Bird"let, n.

Defn: A little bird; a nestling.

BIRDLIKE
Bird"like`, a.

Defn: Resembling a bird.

BIRDLIME
Bird"lime`, n. Etym: [Bird + lime viscous substance.]

Defn: An extremely adhesive viscid substance, usually made of the
middle bark of the holly, by boiling, fermenting, and cleansing it.
When a twig is smeared with this substance it will hold small birds
which may light upon it. Hence: Anything which insnares.
Not birdlime or Idean pitch produce A more tenacious mass of clammy
juice. Dryden.

Note: Birdlime is also made from mistletoe, elder, etc.

BIRDLIME
Bird"lime`, v. t. T

Defn: o smear with birdlime; to catch with birdlime; to insnare.
When the heart is thus birdlimed, then it cleaves to everything it
meets with. Coodwin.

BIRDLING
Bird"ling, n.

Defn: A little bird; a nestling.

BIRDMAN
Bird"man, n.

Defn: A fowler or birdcatcher.

BIRD OF PARADISE
Bird" of par"a*dise. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The name of several very beautiful birds of the genus Paradisea
and allied genera, inhabiting New Guinea and the adjacent islands.
The males have brilliant colors, elegant plumes, and often remarkable
tail feathers.

Note: The Great emerald (Paradisea apoda) and the Lesser emerald (P.
minor) furnish many of the plumes used as ornaments by ladies; the
Red is P. rubra or sanguinea; the Golden is Parotia aurea or
sexsetacea; the King is Cincinnurus regius. The name is also applied
to the longer-billed birds of another related group (Epimachinæ) from
the same region. The Twelve-wired (Seleucides alba) is one of these.
See Paradise bird, and Note under Apod.

BIRD PEPPER
Bird" pep`per.

Defn: A species of capsicum (Capsicum baccatum), whose small,
conical, coral-red fruit is among the most piquant of all red
peppers.

BIRD'S-BEAK
Bird's"-beak`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A molding whose section is thought to resemble a beak.

BIRDSEED
Bird"seed`, n.

Defn: Canary seed, hemp, millet or other small seeds used for feeding
caged birds.

BIRD'S-EYE
Bird's"-eye`, a.

1. Seen from above, as if by a flying bird; embraced at a glance;
hence, generalas, a bird's-eye view.

2. Marked with spots resembling bird's eyes; as, bird's-eye diaper;
bird's-eye maple.

BIRD'S-EYE
Bird's"-eye`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant with a small bright flower, as the Adonis or pheasant's
eye, the mealy primrose (Primula farinosa), and species of Veronica,
Geranium, etc.

BIRD'S-EYE MAPLE
Bird's"-eye` ma"ple.

Defn: See under Maple.

BIRD'S-FOOT
Bird's"-foot`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A papilionaceous plant, the Ornithopus, having a curved,
cylindrical pod tipped with a short, clawlike point. Bird's-foot
trefoil. (Bot.) (a) A genus of plants (Lotus) with clawlike pods. L.
corniculatas, with yellow flowers, is very common in Great Britain.
(b) the related plant, Trigonella ornithopodioides, is also European.

BIRD'S-MOUTH
Bird's-mouth`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: An interior acrow's-foot in the United States.

BIRD'S NEST; BIRD'S-NEST
Bird's" nest`, or Bird's-nest, n.

1. The nest in which a bird lays eggs and hatches her young.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: The nest of a small swallow (Collocalia nidifica and several
allied species), of China and the neighboring countries, which is
mixed with soups.

Note: The nests are found in caverns and fissures of cliffs on rocky
coasts, and are composed in part of algæ. They are of the size of a
goose egg, and in substance resemble isinglass. See Illust. under
Edible.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: An orchideous plant with matted roots, of the genus Neottia (N.
nidus-avis.) Bird's-nest pudding, a pudding containing apples whose
cores have been replaces by sugar.
 -- Yellow bird's nest, a plant, the Monotropa hypopitys.

BIRD'S-NESTING
Bird's-nest`ing, n.

Defn: Hunting for, or taking, birds' nests or their contents.

BIRD'S-TONGUE
Bird's"-tongue`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare).

BIRD-WITTED
Bird"-wit`ted, a.

Defn: Flighty; passing rapidly from one subject to another; not
having the faculty of attention. Bacon.

BIRDWOMAN
Bird"wom`an, n.

Defn: An airwoman; an aviatress. [Colloq.]

BIRECTANGULAR
Bi`rec*tan"gu*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + rectangular.]

Defn: Containing or having two right angles; as, a birectangular
spherical triangle.

BIREME
Bi"reme, n. Etym: [L. biremis; bis twice + remus oar: cf. F. birème.]

Defn: An ancient galley or vessel with two banks or tiers of oars.

BIRETTA
Bi*ret"ta, n.

Defn: Same as Berretta.

BIRGANDER
Bir"gan*der, n.

Defn: See Bergander.

BIRK
Birk, n. Etym: [See Birch, n.]

Defn: A birch tree. [Prov. Eng.] "The silver birk." Tennyson.

BIRK
Birk, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European minnow (Leuciscus phoxinus).

BIRKEN
Birk"en, v. t. Etym: [From 1st Birk.]

Defn: To whip with a birch or rod. [Obs.]

BIRKEN
Birk"en, a.

Defn: Birchen; as, birken groves. Burns.

BIRKIE
Bir"kie, n.

Defn: A lively or mettlesome fellow. [Jocular, Scot.] Burns.

BIRL
Birl, v. t. & i.

Defn: To revolve or cause to revolve; to spin. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

BIRL
Birl, v. t. & i. Etym: [AS. byrlian.

Defn: To pour (beer or wine); to ply with drink; to drink; to
carouse. [Obs. or Dial.] Skelton.

BIRLAW
Bir"law, n. Etym: [See By-law.] (Law)

Defn: A law made by husbandmen respecting rural affairs; a rustic or
local law or by-law. [Written also byrlaw, birlie, birley.]

BIROSTRATE; BIROSTRATED
Bi*ros`trate, Bi*ros"tra*ted, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + rostrate.]

Defn: Having a double beak, or two processes resembling beaks.
The capsule is bilocular and birostrated. Ed. Encyc.

BIRR
Birr, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Birred; p. pr. & vb. n. Birring.] Etym:
[Cf. OE. bur, bir, wind, storm wind, fr. Icel. byrr wind. Perh.
imitative.]

Defn: To make, or move with, a whirring noise, as of wheels in
motion.

BIRR
Birr, n.

1. A whirring sound, as of a spinning wheel.

2. A rush or impetus; force.

BIRRUS
Bir"rus, n. Etym: [LL., fr. L. birrus a kind of cloak. See Berretta.]

Defn: A coarse kind of thick woolen cloth, worn by the poor in the
Middle Ages; also, a woolen cap or hood worn over the shoulders or
over the head.

BIRSE
Birse, n.

Defn: A bristle or bristles. [Scot.]

BIRT
Birt, n. Etym: [OE. byrte; cf. F. bertonneau. Cf. Bret, Burt.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of the turbot kind; the brill. [Written also burt, bret,
or brut.] [Prov. Eng.]

BIRTH
Birth, n. Etym: [OE. burth, birth, AS. beor, gebyrd, fr. beran to
bear, bring forth; akin to D. geboorate, OHG. burt, giburt, G.
geburt, Icel. bur, Skr. bhrti bearing, supporting; cf. Ir. & Gael.
beirthe born, brought forth. Bear, and cf. Berth.]

1. The act or fact of coming into life, or of being born; --
generally applied to human beings; as, the birth of a son.

2. Lineage; extraction; descent; sometimes, high birth; noble
extraction.
Elected without reference to birth, but solely for qualifications.
Prescott.

3. The condition to which a person is born; natural state or
position; inherited disposition or tendency.
A foe by birth to Troy's unhappy name. Dryden.

4. The act of bringing forth; as, she had two children at a birth.
"At her next birth." Milton.

5. That which is born; that which is produced, whether animal or
vegetable.
Poets are far rarer births that kings. B. Jonson.
Others hatch their eggs and tend the birth till it is able to shift
for itself. Addison.

6. Origin; beginning; as, the birth of an empire. New birth (Theol.),
regeneration, or the commencement of a religious life.

Syn.
 -- Parentage; extraction; lineage; race; family.

BIRTH
Birth, n.

Defn: See Berth. [Obs.] De Foe.

BIRTHDAY
Birth"day`, n.

1. The day in which any person is born; day of origin or
commencement.
Those barbarous ages past, succeeded next The birthday of invention.
Cowper.

2. The day of the month in which a person was born, in whatever
succeeding year it may recur; the anniversary of one's birth.
This is my birthday; as this very day Was Cassius born. Shak.

BIRTHDAY
Birth"day`, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the day of birth, or its anniversary; as,
birthday gifts or festivities.

BIRTHDOM
Birth"dom, n. Etym: [Birth + -dom.]

Defn: The land of one's birth; one's inheritance. [R.] Shak.

BIRTHING
Birth"ing, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Anything added to raise the sides of a ship. Bailey.

BIRTHLESS
Birth"less, a.

Defn: Of mean extraction. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

BIRTHMARK
Birth"mark`, n.

Defn: Some peculiar mark or blemish on the body at birth.
Most part of this noble lineage carried upon their body for a natural
birthmark, . . . a snake. Sir T. North.

BIRTHNIGHT
Birth"night`, n.

Defn: The night in which a person is born; the anniversary of that
night in succeeding years.
The angelic song in Bethlehem field, On thy birthnight, that sung
thee Savior born. Milton.

BIRTHPLACE
Birth"place`, n.

Defn: The town, city, or country, where a person is born; place of
origin or birth, in its more general sense. "The birthplace of
valor." Burns.

BIRTHRIGHT
Birth"right`, n.

Defn: Any right, privilege, or possession to which a person is
entitled by birth, such as an estate descendible by law to an heir,
or civil liberty under a free constitution; esp. the rights or
inheritance of the first born.
Lest there be any . . . profane person, as Esau, who for one morsel
of meat sold his birthright. Heb. xii. 16.

BIRTHROOT
Birth"root`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An herbaceous plant (Trillium erectum), and its astringent
rootstock, which is said to have medicinal properties.

BIRTHWORT
Birth"wort`, n.

Defn: A genus of herbs and shrubs (Aristolochia), reputed to have
medicinal properties.

BIS
Bis, adv. Etym: [L. bis twice, for duis, fr. root of duo two. See
Two, and cf. Bi-.]

Defn: Twice; -- a word showing that something is, or is to be,
repeated; as a passage of music, or an item in accounts.

BIS; BIS-
Bis*, pref.

Defn: A form of Bi-, sometimes used before s, c, or a vowel.

BISA ANTELOPE
Bi"sa an"te*lope. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Oryx.

BISACCATE
Bi*sac"cate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + saccate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having two little bags, sacs, or pouches.

BISCAYAN
Bis*cay"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Biscay in Spain.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Biscay.

BISCOTIN
Bis"co*tin, n. Etym: [F. biscotin. See Biscuit.]

Defn: A confection made of flour, sugar, marmalade, and eggs; a sweet
biscuit.

BISCUIT
Bis"cuit, n. Etym: [F. biscuit (cf. It. biscotto, Sp. bizcocho, Pg.
biscouto), fr. L. bis twice + coctus, p. p. of coquere to cook, bake.
See Cook, and cf. Bisque a kind of porcelain.]

1. A kind of unraised bread, of many varieties, plain, sweet, or
fancy, formed into flat cakes, and bakes hard; as, ship biscuit.
According to military practice, the bread or biscuit of the Romans
was twice prepared in the oven. Gibbon.

2. A small loaf or cake of bread, raised and shortened, or made light
with soda or baking powder. Usually a number are baked in the same
pan, forming a sheet or card.

3. Earthen ware or porcelain which has undergone the first baking,
before it is subjected to the glazing.

4. (Sculp.)

Defn: A species of white, unglazed porcelain, in which vases,
figures, and groups are formed in miniature. Meat biscuit, an
alimentary preparation consisting of matters extracted from meat by
boiling, or of meat ground fine and combined with flour, so as to
form biscuits.

BISCUTATE
Bi*scu"tate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + scutate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling two bucklers placed side by side.

BISE
Bise, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A cold north wind which prevails on the northern coasts of the
Mediterranean and in Switzerland, etc.; -- nearly the same as the
mistral.

BISE
Bise, n. (Paint.)

Defn: See Bice.

BISECT
Bi*sect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bisected; p. pr. & vb. n. Bisecting.]
Etym: [L. bis twice + secare, sectum, to cut.]

1. To cut or divide into two parts.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: To divide into two equal parts.

BISECTION
Bi*sec"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. bissection.]

Defn: Division into two parts, esp. two equal parts.

BISECTOR
Bi*sec"tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, bisects; esp. (Geom.) a straight line
which bisects an angle.

BISECTRIX
Bi*sec"trix, n.

Defn: The line bisecting the angle between the optic axes of a
biaxial crystal.

BISEGMENT
Bi*seg"ment, n. Etym: [Pref. bi- + segment.]

Defn: One of tow equal parts of a line, or other magnitude.

BISEPTATE
Bi*sep"tate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + septate.]

Defn: With two partitions or septa. Gray.

BISERIAL; BISERIATE
Bi*se"ri*al, Bi*se"ri*ate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + serial, seriate.]

Defn: In two rows or series.

BISERRATE
Bi*ser"rate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + serrate.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Doubly serrate, or having the serratures serrate, as in some
leaves.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Serrate on both sides, as some antennæ.

BISETOSE; BISETOUS
Bi*se"tose, Bi*se"tous, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + setose, setous.]

Defn: Having two bristles.

BISEXOUS
Bi*sex"ous, a. Etym: [L. bis twice + sexus sex: cf. F. bissexe.]

Defn: Bisexual. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

BISEXUAL
Bi*sex"u*al, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + sexual.] (Biol.)

Defn: Of both sexes; hermaphrodite; as a flower with stamens and
pistil, or an animal having ovaries and testes.

BISEXUOUS
Bi*sex"u*ous, a.

Defn: Bisexual.

BISEYE
Bi*seye", p. p.

Defn: of Besee. [Obs.] Chaucer. Evil biseye, ill looking. [Obs.]

BISH
Bish, n.

Defn: Same as Bikh.

BISHOP
Bish"op, n. Etym: [OE. bischop, biscop, bisceop, AS. bisceop, biscop,
L. episcopus overseer, superintendent, bishop, fr. Gr. , over +
inspector, fr. root of , , to look to, perh. akin to L. specere to
look at. See Spy, and cf. Episcopal.]

1. A spiritual overseer, superintendent, or director.
Ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the Shepherd
and Bishop of your souls. 1 Pet. ii. 25.
It is a fact now generally recognized by theologians of all shades of
opinion, that in the language of the New Testament the same officer
in the church is called indifferently "bishop" ( J. B. Lightfoot.

2. In the Roman Catholic, Greek, and Anglican or Protestant Episcopal
churches, one ordained to the highest order of the ministry, superior
to the priesthood, and generally claiming to be a successor of the
Apostles. The bishop is usually the spiritual head or ruler of a
diocese, bishopric, or see. Bishop in partibus [infidelium] (R. C.
Ch.), a bishop of a see which does not actually exist; one who has
the office of bishop, without especial jurisdiction. Shipley.
 -- Titular bishop (R. C. Ch.), a term officially substituted in 1882
for bishop in partibus.
 -- Bench of Bishops. See under Bench.

3. In the Methodist Episcopal and some other churches, one of the
highest church officers or superintendents.

4. A piece used in the game of chess, bearing a representation of a
bishop's miter; -- formerly called archer.

5. A beverage, being a mixture of wine, oranges or lemons, and sugar.
Swift.

6. An old name for a woman's bustle. [U. S.]
If, by her bishop, or her "grace" alone, A genuine lady, or a church,
is known. Saxe.

BISHOP
Bish"op, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bishoped; p. pr. & vb. n. Bishoping.]

Defn: To admit into the church by confirmation; to confirm; hence, to
receive formally to favor.

BISHOP
Bish"op, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bishoped; p. pr. & vb. n. Bishoping.]
Etym: [From the name of the scoundrel who first practiced it.
Youatt.] (Far.)

Defn: To make seem younger, by operating on the teeth; as, to bishop
an old horse or his teeth.

Note: The plan adopted is to cut off all the nippers with a saw to
the proper length, and then with a cutting instrument the operator
scoops out an oval cavity in the corner nippers, which is afterwards
burnt with a hot iron until it is black. J. H. Walsh.

BISHOPDOM
Bish"op*dom, n.

Defn: Jurisdiction of a bishop; episcopate. "Divine right of
bishopdom." Milton.

BISHOPLIKE
Bish"op*like`, a.

Defn: Resembling a bishop; belonging to a bishop. Fulke.

BISHOPLY
Bish"op*ly, a.

Defn: Bishoplike; episcopal. [Obs.]

BISHOPLY
Bish"op*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a bishop. [Obs.]

BISHOPRIC
Bish"op*ric, n. Etym: [AS. bisceoprice; bisceop bishop + rice
dominion. See -ric.]

1. A diocese; the district over which the jurisdiction of a bishop
extends.

2. The office of a spiritual overseer, as of an apostle, bishop, or
presbyter. Acts i. 20.

BISHOP'S CAP
Bish"op's cap`. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Mitella; miterwort. Longfellow.

BISHOP SLEEVE
Bish"op sleeve`.

Defn: A wide sleeve, once worn by women.

BISHOP'S LENGTH
Bish"op's length`.

Defn: A canvas for a portrait measuring 58 by 94 inches. The half
bishop measures 45 of 56.

BISHOP-STOOL
Bish"op-stool`, n.

Defn: A bishop's seat or see.

BISHOP'S-WEED
Bish"op's-weed`, n. (Bot.)
(a) An umbelliferous plant of the genus Ammi.
(b) Goutweed (Ægopodium podagraria).

BISHOP'S-WORT
Bish"op's-wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Wood betony (Stachys betonica); also, the plant called fennel
flower (Nigella Damascena), or devil-in-a-bush.

BISIE
Bis"ie, v. t.

Defn: To busy; to employ. [Obs.]

BISILICATE
Bi*sil"i*cate, n. (Min. Chem.)

Defn: A salt of metasilicic acid; -- so called because the ratio of
the oxygen of the silica to the oxygen of the base is as two to one.
The bisilicates include many of the most common and important
minerals.

BISK
Bisk, n. Etym: [F. bisque.]

Defn: Soup or broth made by boiling several sorts of flesh together.
King.

BISK
Bisk, n. Etym: [F. bisque.] (Tennis)

Defn: See Bisque.

BISKARA BOIL; BISKARA BUTTON
Bis"ka*ra boil`, Bis"ka*ra but"ton . [Named after the town Biskara,
in Algeria.] (Med.)

Defn: Same as Aleppo boil.

BISMARE; BISMER
Bi*smare", Bi*smer", n. Etym: [AS. bismer.]

Defn: Shame; abuse. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BISMER
Bis"mer, n.

1. A rule steelyard. [Scot.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fifteen-spined (Gasterosteus spinachia).

BISMILLAH
Bis*mil"lah, interj. Etym: [Arabic, in the name of God!]

Defn: An adjuration or exclamation common among the Mohammedans.
[Written also Bizmillah.]

BISMITE
Bis"mite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Bismuth trioxide, or bismuth ocher.

BISMUTH
Bis"muth, n. Etym: [Ger. bismuth, wismuth: cf. F. bismuth.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the elements; a metal of a reddish white color,
crystallizing in rhombohedrons. It is somewhat harder than lead, and
rather brittle; masses show broad cleavage surfaces when broken
across. It melts at 507º Fahr., being easily fused in the flame of a
candle. It is found in a native state, and as a constituent of some
minerals. Specific gravity 9.8. Atomic weight 207.5. Symbol Bi.

Note: Chemically, bismuth (with arsenic and antimony is intermediate
between the metals and nonmetals; it is used in thermo-electric
piles, and as an alloy with lead and tin in the fusible alloy or
metal. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic substance known. Bismuth
glance, bismuth sulphide; bismuthinite.
 -- Bismuth ocher, a native bismuth oxide; bismite.

BISMUTHAL
Bis"muth*al, a.

Defn: Containing bismuth.

BISMUTHIC
Bis"muth*ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to bismuth; containing bismuth, when this
element has its higher valence; as, bismuthic oxide.

BISMUTHIFEROUS
Bis`muth*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Bismuth + -ferous.]

Defn: Containing bismuth.

BISMUTHINE; BISMUTHINITE
Bis"muth*ine, Bis"muth*in*ite, n.

Defn: Native bismuth sulphide; -- sometimes called bismuthite.

BISMUTHOUS
Bis"muth*ous, a.

Defn: Of, or containing, bismuth, when this element has its lower
valence.

BISMUTHYL
Bis"muth*yl`, n. (Min.)

Defn: Hydrous carbonate of bismuth, an earthy mineral of a dull white
or yellowish color. [Written also bismuthite.]

BISON
Bi"son, n. Etym: [L. bison, Gr. , a wild ox; akin to OHG. wisunt,
wisant, G. wisent, AS. wesend, Icel. visundr: cf. F. bison.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The aurochs or European bison.
(b) The American bison buffalo (Bison Americanus), a large,
gregarious bovine quadruped with shaggy mane and short black horns,
which formerly roamed in herds over most of the temperate portion of
North America, but is now restricted to very limited districts in the
region of the Rocky Mountains, and is rapidly decreasing in numbers.

BISPINOSE
Bi*spi"nose, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + spinose.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having two spines.

BISQUE
Bisque, n. Etym: [A corruption of biscuit.]

Defn: Unglazed white porcelain.

BISQUE
Bisque, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A point taken by the receiver of odds in the game of tennis;
also, an extra innings allowed to a weaker player in croquet.

BISQUE
Bisque, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A white soup made of crayfish.

BISSELL TRUCK
Bis"sell truck.

Defn: A truck for railroad rolling stock, consisting of two ordinary
axle boxes sliding in guides attached to a triangular frame; --
called also pony truck.

BISSEXTILE
Bis*sex"tile, n. Etym: [L. bissextilis annus, fr. bissextus (bis +
sextus sixth, fr. sex six) the sixth of the calends of March, or
twenty-fourth day of February, which was reckoned twice every fourth
year, by the intercalation of a day.]

Defn: Leap year; every fourth year, in which a day is added to the
month of February on account of the excess of the tropical year (365
d. 5 h. 48 m. 46 s.) above 365 days. But one day added every four
years is equivalent to six hours each year, which is 11 m. 14 s. more
than the excess of the real year. Hence, it is necessary to suppress
the bissextile day at the end of every century which is not divisible
by 400, while it is retained at the end of those which are divisible
by 400.

BISSEXTILE
Bis*sex"tile, a.

Defn: Pertaining to leap year.

BISSON
Bis"son, a. Etym: [OE. bisen, bisne, AS. bisen, prob. for bis; bi by
+ s clear, akin to seón to see; clear when near, hence short-sighted.
See See.]

Defn: Purblind; blinding. [Obs.] "Bisson rheum." Shak.

BISTER; BISTRE
Bis"ter, Bis"tre, n. Etym: [F. bistre a color made of soot; of
unknown origin. Cf., however, LG. biester frowning, dark, ugly.]
(Paint.)

Defn: A dark brown pigment extracted from the soot of wood.

BISTIPULED
Bi*stip"uled, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + stipule.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having two stipules.

BISTORT
Bis"tort, n. Etym: [L. bis + tortus, p. p. of torquere to twist: cf.
F. bistorte.] (Bot.)

Defn: An herbaceous plant of the genus Polygonum, section Bistorta;
snakeweed; adderwort. Its root is used in medicine as an astringent.

BISTOURY
Bis"tou*ry, n.; pl. Bistouries. Etym: [F. bistouri.]

Defn: A surgical instrument consisting of a slender knife, either
straight or curved, generally used by introducing it beneath the part
to be divided, and cutting towards the surface.

BISTRE
Bis"tre, n.

Defn: See Bister.

BISULCATE
Bi*sul"cate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + sulcate.]

1. Having two grooves or furrows.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Cloven; said of a foot or hoof.

BISULCOUS
Bi*sul"cous, a. Etym: [L. bisulcus; bis twice + sulcus furrow.]

Defn: Bisulcate. Sir T. Browne.

BISULPHATE
Bi*sul"phate, n. Etym: [Pref. bi- + sulphate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A sulphate in which but half the hydrogen of the acid is
replaced by a positive element or radical, thus making the proportion
of the acid to the positive or basic portion twice what it is in the
normal sulphates; an acid sulphate.

BISULPHIDE
Bi*sul"phide, n. Etym: [Pref. bi- + sulphide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A sulphide having two atoms of sulphur in the molecule; a
disulphide, as in iron pyrites, FeS2; -- less frequently called
bisulphuret.

BISULPHITE
Bi*sul"phite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphurous acid in which the base replaces but half
the hydrogen of the acid; an acid sulphite.

BISULPHURET
Bi*sul"phu*ret, n. Etym: [Pref. bi- + sulphuret.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Bisulphide.

BIT
Bit, n. Etym: [OE. bitt, bite, AS. bite, bite, fr. bitan to bite. See
Bite, n. & v., and cf. Bit a morsel.]

1. The part of a bridle, usually of iron, which is inserted in the
mouth of a horse, and having appendages to which the reins are
fastened. Shak.
The foamy bridle with the bit of gold. Chaucer.

2. Fig.: Anything which curbs or restrains.

BIT
Bit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Bitting.]

Defn: To put a bridle upon; to put the bit in the mouth of.

BIT
Bit,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Bite.

BIT
Bit, n. Etym: [OE. bite, AS. bita, fr. bitan to bite; akin to D.
beet, G. bissen bit, morsel, Icel. biti. See Bite, v., and cf. Bit
part of a bridle.]

1. A part of anything, such as may be bitten off or taken into the
mouth; a morsel; a bite. Hence: A small piece of anything; a little;
a mite.

2. Somewhat; something, but not very great.
My young companion was a bit of a poet. T. Hook.

Note: This word is used, also, like jot and whit, to express the
smallest degree; as, he is not a bit wiser.

3. A tool for boring, of various forms and sizes, usually turned by
means of a brace or bitstock. See Bitstock.

4. The part of a key which enters the lock and acts upon the bolt and
tumblers. Knight.

5. The cutting iron of a plane. Knight.

6. In the Southern and Southwestern States, a small silver coin (as
the real) formerly current; commonly, one worth about 12 1/2 cents;
also, the sum of 12 1/2 cents. Bit my bit, piecemeal. Pope.

BIT
Bit, 3d sing. pr.

Defn: of Bid, for biddeth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BITAKE
Bi*take", v. t. Etym: [See Betake, Betaught.]

Defn: To commend; to commit. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BITANGENT
Bi*tan"gent, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + tangent.] (Geom.)

Defn: Possessing the property of touching at two points.
 -- n.

Defn: A line that touches a curve in two points.

BITARTRATE
Bi*tar"trate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of tartaric acid in which the base replaces but half the
acid hydrogen; an acid tartrate, as cream of tartar.

BITCH
Bitch, n. Etym: [OE. biche, bicche, AS. bicce; cf. Icel. bikkja, G.
betze, peize.]

1. The female of the canine kind, as of the dog, wolf, and fox.

2. An opprobrious name for a woman, especially a lewd woman. Pope.

BITE
Bite, v. t. [imp. Bit; p. p. Bitten, Bit; p. pr. & vb. n. Biting.]
Etym: [OE. biten, AS. bitan; akin to D. bijten, OS. bitan, OHG.
bizan, G. beissen, Goth. beitan, Icel. bita, Sw. bita, Dan. bide, L.
findere to cleave, Skr. bhid to cleave. sq. root87. Cf. Fissure.]

1. To seize with the teeth, so that they enter or nip the thing
seized; to lacerate, crush, or wound with the teeth; as, to bite an
apple; to bite a crust; the dog bit a man.
Such smiling rogues as these, Like rats, oft bite the holy cords
atwain. Shak.

2. To puncture, abrade, or sting with an organ (of some insects) used
in taking food.

3. To cause sharp pain, or smarting, to; to hurt or injure, in a
literal or a figurative sense; as, pepper bites the mouth. "Frosts do
bite the meads." Shak.

4. To cheat; to trick; to take in. [Colloq.] Pope.

5. To take hold of; to hold fast; to adhere to; as, the anchor bites
the ground.
The last screw of the rack having been turned so often that its
purchase crumbled, . . . it turned and turned with nothing to bite.
Dickens.
To bite the dust, To bite the ground, to fall in the agonies of
death; as, he made his enemy bite the dust.
 -- To bite in (Etching), to corrode or eat into metallic plates by
means of an acid.
 -- To bite the thumb at (any one), formerly a mark of contempt,
designed to provoke a quarrel; to defy. "Do you bite your thumb at us
" Shak.
 -- To bite the tongue, to keep silence. Shak.

BITE
Bite, v. i.

1. To seize something forcibly with the teeth; to wound with the
teeth; to have the habit of so doing; as, does the dog bite

2. To cause a smarting sensation; to have a property which causes
such a sensation; to be pungent; as, it bites like pepper or mustard.

3. To cause sharp pain; to produce anguish; to hurt or injure; to
have the property of so doing.
At the last it [wine] biteth like serpent, and stingeth like an
adder. Prov. xxiii. 32.

4. To take a bait into the mouth, as a fish does; hence, to take a
tempting offer.

5. To take or keep a firm hold; as, the anchor bites.

BITE
Bite, n. Etym: [OE. bite, bit, bitt, AS. bite bite, fr. bitan to
bite, akin to Icel. bit, OS. biti, G. biss. See Bite, v., and cf.
Bit.]

1. The act of seizing with the teeth or mouth; the act of wounding or
separating with the teeth or mouth; a seizure with the teeth or
mouth, as of a bait; as, to give anything a hard bite.
I have known a very good fisher angle diligently four or six hours
for a river carp, and not have a bite. Walton.

2. The act of puncturing or abrading with an organ for taking food,
as is done by some insects.

3. The wound made by biting; as, the pain of a dog's or snake's bite;
the bite of a mosquito.

4. A morsel; as much as is taken at once by biting.

5. The hold which the short end of a lever has upon the thing to be
lifted, or the hold which one part of a machine has upon another.

6. A cheat; a trick; a fraud. [Colloq.]
The baser methods of getting money by fraud and bite, by deceiving
and overreaching. Humorist.

7. A sharper; one who cheats. [Slang] Johnson.

8. (Print.)

Defn: A blank on the edge or corner of a page, owing to a portion of
the frisket, or something else, intervening between the type and
paper.

BITER
Bit"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, bites; that which bites often, or is
inclined to bite, as a dog or fish. "Great barkers are no biters."
Camden.

2. One who cheats; a sharper. [Colloq.] Spectator.

BITERNATE
Bi*ter"nate, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + ternate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Doubly ternate, as when a petiole has three ternate leaflets.
 -- Bi*ter"nate*ly, adv. Gray.

BITHEISM
Bi"the*ism, n. Etym: [Pref. bi- + theism.]

Defn: Belief in the existence of two gods; dualism.

BITING
Bit"ing, a.

Defn: That bites; sharp; cutting; sarcastic; caustic. "A biting
affliction." "A biting jest." Shak.

BITING IN
Bit"ing in". (Etching.)

Defn: The process of corroding or eating into metallic plates, by
means of an acid. See Etch. G. Francis.

BITINGLY
Bit"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a biting manner.

BITLESS
Bit"less, a.

Defn: Not having a bit or bridle.

BITO; BITO TREE
Bi"to, n., Bi"to tree`. [Etym. uncertain.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small scrubby tree (Balanites Ægyptiaca) growing in dry
regions of tropical Africa and Asia.

 The hard yellowish white wood is made into plows in Abyssinia; the
bark is used in Farther India to stupefy fish; the ripe fruit is
edible, when green it is an anthelmintic; the fermented juice is used
as a beverage; the seeds yield a medicinal oil called zachun. The
African name of the tree is hajilij.

BITSTOCK
Bit"stock`, n.

Defn: A stock or handle for holding and rotating a bit; a brace.

BITT
Bitt, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Bitts.

BITT
Bitt, v. t. Etym: [See Bitts.] (Naut.)

Defn: To put round the bitts; as, to bitt the cable, in order to
fasten it or to slacken it gradually, which is called veering away.
Totten.

BITTACLE
Bit"ta*cle, n.

Defn: A binnacle. [Obs.]

BITTEN
Bit"ten, p. p.

Defn: of Bite.

BITTEN
Bit"ten, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Terminating abruptly, as if bitten off; premorse.

BITTER
Bit"ter, n. Etym: [See Bitts.] (Naut.)

Defn: AA turn of the cable which is round the bitts. Bitter end, that
part of a cable which is abaft the bitts, and so within board, when
the ship rides at anchor.

BITTER
Bit"ter, a. Etym: [AS. biter; akin to Goth. baitrs, Icel. bitr, Dan.,
Sw., D., & G. bitter, OS. bittar, fr. root of E. bite. See Bite, v.
t.]

1. Having a peculiar, acrid, biting taste, like that of wormwood or
an infusion of hops; as, a bitter medicine; bitter as aloes.

2. Causing pain or smart; piercing; painful; sharp; severe; as, a
bitter cold day.

3. Causing, or fitted to cause, pain or distress to the mind;
calamitous; poignant.
It is an evil thing and bitter, that thou hast forsaken the Lord thy
God. Jer. ii. 19.

4. Characterized by sharpness, severity, or cruelty; harsh; stern;
virulent; as, bitter reproach.
Husbands, love your wives, and be not bitter against them. Col. iii.
19.

5. Mournful; sad; distressing; painful; pitiable.
The Egyptians . . . made their lives bitter with hard bondage. Ex. i.
14.
Bitter apple, Bitter cucumber, Bitter gourd. (Bot.) See Colocynth.
 -- Bitter cress (Bot.), a plant of the genus Cardamine, esp. C.
amara.
 -- Bitter earth (Min.), tale earth; calcined magnesia.
 -- Bitter principles (Chem.), a class of substances, extracted from
vegetable products, having strong bitter taste but with no sharply
defined chemical characteristics.
 -- Bitter salt, Epsom salts;; magnesium sulphate.
 -- Bitter vetch (Bot.), a name given to two European leguminous
herbs, Vicia Orobus and Ervum Ervilia.
 -- To the bitter end, to the last extremity, however calamitous.

Syn.
 -- Acrid; sharp; harsh; pungent; stinging; cutting; severe;
acrimonious.

BITTER
Bit"ter, n.

Defn: Any substance that is bitter. See Bitters.

BITTER
Bit"ter, v. t.

Defn: To make bitter. Wolcott.

BITTERBUMP
Bit"ter*bump`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: the butterbump or bittern.

BITTERFUL
Bit"ter*ful, a.

Defn: Full of bitterness. [Obs.]

BITTERING
Bit"ter*ing, n.

Defn: A bitter compound used in adulterating beer; bittern.

BITTERISH
Bit"ter*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat bitter. Goldsmith.

BITTERLING
Bit"ter*ling, n. Etym: [G.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A roachlike European fish (Rhodima amarus).

BITTERLY
Bit"ter*ly, adv.

Defn: In a bitter manner.

BITTERN
Bit"tern, n. Etym: [OE. bitoure, betore, bitter, fr. F. butor; of
unknown origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wading bird of the genus Botaurus, allied to the herons, of
various species.

Note: The common European bittern is Botaurus stellaris. It makes,
during the brooding season, a noise called by Dryden bumping, and by
Goldsmith booming. The American bittern is B. lentiginosus, and is
also called stake-driver and meadow hen. See Stake-driver.

Note: The name is applied to other related birds, as the least
bittern (Ardetta exilis), and the sun bittern.

BITTERN
Bit"tern, n. Etym: [From Bitter, a.]

1. The brine which remains in salt works after the salt is concreted,
having a bitter taste from the chloride of magnesium which it
contains.

2. A very bitter compound of quassia, cocculus Indicus, etc., used by
fraudulent brewers in adulterating beer. Cooley.

BITTERNESS
Bit"ter*ness, n. Etym: [AS. biternys; biter better + -nys = -ness.]

1. The quality or state of being bitter, sharp, or acrid, in either a
literal or figurative sense; implacableness; resentfulness; severity;
keenness of reproach or sarcasm; deep distress, grief, or vexation of
mind.
The lip that curls with bitterness. Percival.
I will complain in the bitterness of my soul. Job vii. 11.

2. A state of extreme impiety or enmity to God.
Thou art in the gall of bitterness, and in the bond of iniquity. Acts
viii. 23.

3. Dangerous error, or schism, tending to draw persons to apostasy.
Looking diligently, . . . lest any root of bitterness springing up
trouble you. Heb. xii. 15.

BITTERNUT
Bit"ter*nut", n. (Bot.)

Defn: The swamp hickory (Carya amara). Its thin-shelled nuts are
bitter.

BITTERROOT
Bit"ter*root`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Lewisia rediviva) allied to the purslane, but with
fleshy, farinaceous roots, growing in the mountains of Idaho,
Montana, etc. It gives the name to the Bitter Root mountains and
river. The Indians call both the plant and the river Spæt'lum.

BITTERS
Bit"ters, n. pl.

Defn: A liquor, generally spirituous in which a bitter herb, leaf, or
root is steeped.

BITTER SPAR
Bit"ter spar".

Defn: A common name of dolomite; -- so called because it contains
magnesia, the soluble salts of which are bitter. See Dolomite.

BITTERSWEET
Bit"ter*sweet`, a.

Defn: Sweet and then bitter or bitter and then sweet; esp. sweet with
a bitter after taste; hence (Fig.), pleasant but painful.

BITTERSWEET
Bit"ter*sweet`, n.

1. Anything which is bittersweet.

2. A kind of apple so called. Gower.

3. (Bot.)
(a) A climbing shrub, with oval coral-red berries (Solanum
dulcamara); woody nightshade. The whole plant is poisonous, and has a
taste at first sweetish and then bitter. The branches are the
officinal dulcamara.
(b) An American woody climber (Celastrus scandens), whose yellow
capsules open late in autumn, and disclose the red aril which covers
the seeds; -- also called Roxbury waxwork.

BITTERWEED
Bit"ter*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Ambrosia (A. artemisiæfolia); Roman worm wood.
Gray.

BITTERWOOD
Bit"ter*wood`, n.

Defn: A West Indian tree (Picræna excelsa) from the wood of which the
bitter drug Jamaica quassia is obtained.

BITTERWORT
Bit"ter*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea), which has a very bitter
taste.

BITTOCK
Bit"tock, n. Etym: [See Bit a morsel.]

Defn: A small bit of anything, of indefinite size or quantity; a
short distance. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

BITTOR; BITTOUR
Bit"tor Bit"tour, n. Etym: [See Bittern] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bittern. Dryden.

BITTS
Bitts, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. F. bitte, Icel. biti, a beam. (Naut.)

Defn: A frame of two strong timbers fixed perpendicularly in the fore
part of a ship, on which to fasten the cables as the ship rides at
anchor, or in warping. Other bitts are used for belaying (belaying
bitts), for sustaining the windlass (carrick bitts, winch bitts, or
windlass bitts), to hold the pawls of the windlass (pawl bitts) etc.

BITUME
Bi*tume", n. Etym: [F. See Bitumen.]

Defn: Bitumen. [Poetic] May.

BITUMED
Bi*tumed", a.

Defn: Smeared with bitumen. [R.] "The hatches caulked and bitumed."
Shak.

BITUMEN
Bi*tu"men, n. Etym: [L. bitumen: cf. F. bitume. Cf. Béton.]

1. Mineral pitch; a black, tarry substance, burning with a bright
flame; Jew's pitch. It occurs as an abundant natural product in many
places, as on the shores of the Dead and Caspian Seas. It is used in
cements, in the construction of pavements, etc. See Asphalt.

2. By extension, any one of the natural hydrocarbons, including the
hard, solid, brittle varieties called asphalt, the semisolid maltha
and mineral tars, the oily petroleums, and even the light, volatile
naphthas.

BITUMEN PROCESS
Bi*tu"men proc"ess. (Photog.)

Defn: Any process in which  advantage is taken of the fact that
prepared bitumen is rendered insoluble by exposure to light, as in
photolithography.

BITUMINATE
Bi*tu"mi*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bituminated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bituminating.] Etym: [L. bituminatus, p. p. of bituminare to
bituminate. See Bitumen.]

Defn: To treat or impregnate with bitumen; to cement with bitumen.
"Bituminated walls of Babylon." Feltham.

BITUMINIFEROUS
Bi*tu`mi*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Bitumen + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing bitumen. Kirwan.

BITUMINIZATION
Bi*tu`mi*ni*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. bituminisation.]

Defn: The process of bituminizing. Mantell.

BITUMINIZE
Bi*tu"mi*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bituminized (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bituminizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. bituminiser.]

Defn: To prepare, treat, impregnate, or coat with bitumen.

BITUMINOUS
Bi*tu"mi*nous, a. Etym: [L. bituminosus: cf. F. bitumineux.]

Defn: Having the qualities of bitumen; compounded with bitumen;
containing bitumen.
Near that bituminous lake where Sodom flamed. Milton.
Bituminous coal, a kind of coal which yields, when heated, a
considerable amount of volatile bituminous matter. It burns with a
yellow smoky flame.
 -- Bituminous limestone, a mineral of a brown or black color,
emitting an unpleasant smell when rubbed. That of Dalmatia is so
charged with bitumen that it may be cut like soap.
 -- Bituminous shale, an argillaceous shale impregnated with bitumen,
often accompanying coal.

BIURET
Bi"u*ret, n. Etym: [Pref. bi- + urea.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance, C2O2N3H5, formed
by heating urea. It is intermediate between urea and cyanuric acid.

BIVALENCY
Biv"a*len*cy, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The quality of being bivalent.

BIVALENT
Biv"a*lent, a. Etym: [L. bis twice + valens, p. pr. See Valence.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Equivalent in combining or displacing power to two atoms of
hydrogen; dyad.

BIVALVE
Bi"valve, n. Etym: [F. bivalve; bi- (L. bis) + valve valve.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mollusk having a shell consisting of two lateral plates or
valves joined together by an elastic ligament at the hinge, which is
usually strengthened by prominences called teeth. The shell is closed
by the contraction of two transverse muscles attached to the inner
surface, as in the clam, -- or by one, as in the oyster. See
Mollusca.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A pericarp in which the seed case opens or splits into two
parts or valves.

BIVALVE
Bi"valve, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + valve.] (Zoöl. & Bot.)

Defn: Having two shells or valves which open and shut, as the oyster
and certain seed vessels.

BIVALVED
Bi"valved, a.

Defn: Having two valves, as the oyster and some seed pods; bivalve.

BIVALVOUS
Bi*val"vous, a.

Defn: Bivalvular.

BIVALVULAR
Bi*val"vu*lar, a.

Defn: Having two valves.

BIVAULTED
Bi*vault"ed, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + vault.]

Defn: Having two vaults or arches.

BIVECTOR
Bi*vec"tor, n. Etym: [Pref. bi- + vector.] (Math.)

Defn: A term made up of the two parts

BIVENTRAL
Bi*ven"tral, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + ventral.]

Defn: (Anat.) Having two bellies or protuberances; as, a biventral,
or digastric, muscle, or the biventral lobe of the cerebellum.

BIVIAL
Biv"i*al, a.

Defn: Of or relating to the bivium.

BIVIOUS
Biv"i*ous, a. Etym: [L. bivius; bis twice + via way.]

Defn: Having, or leading, two ways.
Bivious theorems and Janus-faced doctrines. Sir T. Browne.

BIVIUM
Biv"i*um, n. Etym: [L., a place with two ways. See Bivious.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One side of an echinoderm, including a pair of ambulacra, in
distinction from the opposite side (trivium), which includes three
ambulacra.

BIVOUAC
Biv"ouac, n. Etym: [F. bivouac, bivac, prab. fr. G. beiwache, or
beiwacht; bei by, near + wachen to watch, wache watch, guard. See By,
and Watch.] (Mil.)
(a) The watch of a whole army by night, when in danger of surprise or
attack.
(b) An encampment for the night without tents or covering.

BIVOUAC
Biv"ouac, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bivouacked (p. pr. & vb. n.
Bivouacking.] (Mil.)
(a) To watch at night or be on guard, as a whole army.
(b) To encamp for the night without tents or covering.

BIWEEKLY
Bi"week`ly, a. Etym: [Pref. bi- + weekly.]

Defn: Occurring or appearing once every two weeks; fortnightly.
 -- n.

Defn: A publication issued every two weeks.
 -- Bi"week"ly, adv.

BIWREYE
Bi*wreye", v. t.

Defn: To bewray; to reveal. [Obs.]

BIZANTINE
Biz"an*tine.

Defn: See Byzantine.

BIZARRE
Bi*zarre", a. Etym: [F. bizarre odd, fr. Sp. bizarro gallant, brave,
liberal, prob. of Basque origin; cf. Basque bizarra beard, whence the
meaning manly, brave.]

Defn: Odd in manner or appearance; fantastic; whimsical; extravagant;
grotesque. C. Kingsley.

BIZET
Bi*zet", n. Etym: [Cf. Bezel.]

Defn: The upper faceted portion of a brilliant-cut diamond, which
projects from the setting and occupies the zone between the girdle
and the table. See Brilliant, n.

BLAB
Blab, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blabbed (p. pr. & vb. n. Blabbing.] Etym:
[Cf. OE. blaberen, or Dan. blabbre, G. plappern, Gael. blabaran a
stammerer; prob. of imitative origin. Cf. also Blubber, v.]

Defn: To utter or tell unnecessarily, or in a thoughtless manner; to
publish (secrets or trifles) without reserve or discretion. Udall.
And yonder a vile physician blabbing The case of his patient.
Tennyson.

BLAB
Blab, v. i.

Defn: To talk thoughtlessly or without discretion; to tattle; to tell
tales.
She must burst or blab. Dryden.

BLAB
Blab, n. Etym: [OE. blabbe.]

Defn: One who blabs; a babbler; a telltale. "Avoided as a blab."
Milton.
For who will open himself to a blab or a babbler. Bacon.

BLABBER
Blab"ber, n.

Defn: A tattler; a telltale.

BLACK
Black, a. Etym: [OE. blak, AS. blæc; akin to Icel. blakkr dark,
swarthy, Sw. bläck ink, Dan. blæk, OHG. blach, LG. & D. blaken to
burn with a black smoke. Not akin to AS. blac, E. bleak pallid.

1. Destitute of light, or incapable of reflecting it; of the color of
soot or coal; of the darkest or a very dark color, the opposite of
white; characterized by such a color; as, black cloth; black hair or
eyes.
O night, with hue so black! Shak.

2. In a less literal sense: Enveloped or shrouded in darkness; very
dark or gloomy; as, a black night; the heavens black with clouds.
I spy a black, suspicious, threatening cloud. Shak.

3. Fig.: Dismal, gloomy, or forbidding, like darkness; destitute of
moral light or goodness; atrociously wicked; cruel; mournful;
calamitous; horrible. "This day's black fate." "Black villainy."
"Arise, black vengeance." "Black day." "Black despair." Shak.

4. Expressing menace, or discontent; threatening; sullen; foreboding;
as, to regard one with black looks.

Note: Black is often used in self-explaining compound words; as,
black-eyed, black-faced, black-haired, black-visaged. Black act, the
English statute 9 George I, which makes it a felony to appear armed
in any park or warren, etc., or to hunt or steal deer, etc., with the
face blackened or disguised. Subsequent acts inflicting heavy
penalties for malicious injuries to cattle and machinery have been
called black acts.
 -- Black angel (Zoöl.), a fish of the West Indies and Florida
(Holacanthus tricolor), with the head and tail yellow, and the middle
of the body black.
 -- Black antimony (Chem.), the black sulphide of antimony, Sb2S3,
used in pyrotechnics, etc.
 -- Black bear (Zoöl.), the common American bear (Ursus Americanus).
 -- Black beast. See Bête noire.
 -- Black beetle (Zoöl.), the common large cockroach (Blatta
orientalis).
 -- Black and blue, the dark color of a bruise in the flesh, which is
accompanied with a mixture of blue. "To pinch the slatterns black and
blue." Hudibras.
 -- Black bonnet (Zoöl.), the black-headed bunting (Embriza
Schoeniclus) of Europe.
 -- Black canker, a disease in turnips and other crops, produced by a
species of caterpillar.
 -- Black cat (Zoöl.), the fisher, a quadruped of North America
allied to the sable, but larger. See Fisher.
 -- Black cattle, any bovine cattle reared for slaughter, in
distinction from dairy cattle. [Eng.] -- Black cherry. See under
Cherry.
 -- Black cockatoo (Zoöl.), the palm cockatoo. See Cockatoo.
 -- Black copper. Same as Melaconite.
 -- Black currant. (Bot.) See Currant.
 -- Black diamond. (Min.) See Carbonado.
 -- Black draught (Med.), a cathartic medicine, composed of senna and
magnesia.
 -- Black drop (Med.), vinegar of opium; a narcotic preparation
consisting essentially of a solution of opium in vinegar.
 -- Black earth, mold; earth of a dark color. Woodward.
 -- Black flag, the flag of a pirate, often bearing in white a skull
and crossbones; a signal of defiance.
 -- Black flea (Zoöl.), a flea beetle (Haltica nemorum) injurious to
turnips.
 -- Black flux, a mixture of carbonate of potash and charcoal,
obtained by deflagrating tartar with half its weight of niter. Brande
& C.
 -- Black fly. (Zoöl.) (a) In the United States, a small, venomous,
two-winged fly of the genus Simulium of several species, exceedingly
abundant and troublesome in the northern forests. The larvæ are
aquatic. (b) A black plant louse, as the bean aphis (A. fabæ).
 -- Black Forest Etym: [a translation of G. Schwarzwald], a forest in
Baden and Würtemburg, in Germany; a part of the ancient Hercynian
forest.
 -- Black game, or Black grouse. (Zoöl.) See Blackcock, Grouse, and
Heath grouse.
 -- Black grass (Bot.), a grasslike rush of the species Juncus
Gerardi, growing on salt marshes, and making good hay.
 -- Black gum (Bot.), an American tree, the tupelo or pepperidge. See
Tupelo.
 -- Black Hamburg (grape) (Bot.), a sweet and juicy variety of dark
purple or "black" grape.
 -- Black horse (Zoöl.), a fish of the Mississippi valley (Cycleptus
elongatus), of the sucker family; the Missouri sucker.
 -- Black lemur (Zoöl.), the Lemurniger of Madagascar; the acoumbo of
the natives.
 -- Black list, a list of persons who are for some reason thought
deserving of censure or punishment; -- esp. a list of persons
stigmatized as insolvent or untrustworthy, made for the protection of
tradesmen or employers. See Blacklist, v. t.
 -- Black manganese (Chem.), the black oxide of manganese, MnO2.
 -- Black Maria, the close wagon in which prisoners are carried to or
from jail.
 -- Black martin (Zoöl.), the chimney swift. See Swift.
 -- Black moss (Bot.), the common so-called long moss of the southern
United States. See Tillandsia.
 -- Black oak. See under Oak.
 -- Black ocher. See Wad.
 -- Black pigment, a very fine, light carbonaceous substance, or
lampblack, prepared chiefly for the manufacture of printers' ink. It
is obtained by burning common coal tar.
 -- Black plate, sheet iron before it is tinned. Knight.
 -- Black quarter, malignant anthrax with engorgement of a shoulder
or quarter, etc., as of an ox.
 -- Black rat (Zoöl.), one of the species of rats (Mus rattus),
commonly infesting houses.
 -- Black rent. See Blackmail, n., 3.
 -- Black rust, a disease of wheat, in which a black, moist matter is
deposited in the fissures of the grain.
 -- Black sheep, one in a family or company who is unlike the rest,
and makes trouble.
 -- Black silver. (Min.) See under Silver.
 -- Black and tan, black mixed or spotted with tan color or reddish
brown; -- used in describing certain breeds of dogs.
 -- Black tea. See under Tea.
 -- Black tin (Mining), tin ore (cassiterite), when dressed, stamped
and washed, ready for smelting. It is in the form of a black powder,
like fine sand. Knight.
 -- Black walnut. See under Walnut.
 -- Black warrior (Zoöl.), an American hawk (Buteo Harlani).

Syn.
 -- Dark; murky; pitchy; inky; somber; dusky; gloomy; swart;
Cimmerian; ebon; atrocious.

BLACK
Black, adv.

Defn: Sullenly; threateningly; maliciously; so as to produce
blackness.

BLACK
Black, n.

1. That which is destitute of light or whiteness; the darkest color,
or rather a destitution of all color; as, a cloth has a good black.
Black is the badge of hell, The hue of dungeons, and the suit of
night. Shak.

2. A black pigment or dye.

3. A negro; a person whose skin is of a black color, or shaded with
black; esp. a member or descendant of certain African races.

4. A black garment or dress; as, she wears black; pl. (Obs.)

Defn: Mourning garments of a black color; funereal drapery.
Friends weeping, and blacks, and obsequies, and the like show death
terrible. Bacon.
That was the full time they used to wear blacks for the death of
their fathers. Sir T. North.

5. The part of a thing which is distinguished from the rest by being
black.
The black or sight of the eye. Sir K. Digby.

6. A stain; a spot; a smooch.
Defiling her white lawn of chastity with ugly blacks of lust. Rowley.
Black and white, writing or print; as, I must have that statement in
black and white.
 -- Blue black, a pigment of a blue black color.
 -- Ivory black, a fine kind of animal charcoal prepared by calcining
ivory or bones. When ground it is the chief ingredient of the ink
used in copperplate printing.
 -- Berlin black. See under Berlin.

BLACK
Black, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blacked ; p. pr. & vb. n. Blacking.] Etym:
[See Black, a., and cf. Blacken.]

1. To make black; to blacken; to soil; to sully.
They have their teeth blacked, both men and women, for they say a dog
hath his teeth white, therefore they will black theirs. Hakluyt.
Sins which black thy soul. J. Fletcher.

2. To make black and shining, as boots or a stove, by applying
blacking and then polishing with a brush.

BLACKAMOOR
Black"a*moor, n. Etym: [Black + Moor.]

Defn: A negro or negress. Shak.

BLACK ART
Black" art`.

Defn: The art practiced by conjurers and witches; necromancy;
conjuration; magic.

Note: This name was given in the Middle Ages to necromancy, under the
idea that the latter term was derived from niger black, instead of
nekro`s, a dead person, and mantei`a, divination. Wright.

BLACK-A-VISED
Black"-a-vised`, a.

Defn: Dark-visaged; swart.

BLACKBALL
Black"ball`, n.

1. A composition for blacking shoes, boots, etc.; also, one for
taking impressions of engraved work.

2. A ball of black color, esp. one used as a negative in voting; --
in this sense usually two words.

BLACKBALL
Black"ball`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blackballed (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Blackballing.]

1. To vote against, by putting a black ball into a ballot box; to
reject or exclude, as by voting against with black balls; to
ostracize.
He was blackballed at two clubs in succession. Thackeray.

2. To blacken (leather, shoes, etc.) with blacking.

BLACKBAND
Black"band`, n. (Min.)

Defn: An earthy carbonate of iron containing considerable
carbonaceous matter; -- valuable as an iron ore.

BLACK BASS
Black" bass`. (Zoöl.)

1. An edible, fresh-water fish of the United States, of the genus
Micropterus. the small-mouthed kind is M. dolomiei; the largemouthed
is M. salmoides.

2. The sea bass. See Blackfish, 3.

BLACKBERRY
Black"ber*ry, n. Etym: [OE. blakberye, AS. blæcerie; blæc black +
berie berry.]

Defn: The fruit of several species of bramble (Rubus); also, the
plant itself. Rubus fruticosus is the blackberry of England; R.
villosus and R. Canadensis are the high blackberry and low blackberry
of the United States. There are also other kinds.

BLACKBIRD
Black"bird, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: In England, a species of thrush (Turdus merula), a singing bird
with a fin note; the merle. In America the name is given to several
birds, as the Quiscalus versicolor, or crow blackbird; the Agelæus
phoeniceus, or red-winged blackbird; the cowbird; the rusty grackle,
etc. See Redwing.

BLACKBIRDER
Black"bird*er, n.

Defn: A slave ship; a slaver. [Colloq.]  F. T. Bullen.

BLACKBIRDING
Black"bird*ing, n.

1. The kidnaping of negroes or Polynesians to be sold as slaves.

2.  The act or practice of collecting natives of the islands near
Queensland for service on the Queensland sugar plantations.
[Australia]

BLACKBOARD
Black"board`, n.

Defn: A broad board painted black, or any black surface on which
writing, drawing, or the working of mathematical problems can be done
with chalk or crayons. It is much used in schools.

BLACK BOOK
Black" book`.

1. One of several books of a political character, published at
different times and for different purposes; -- so called either from
the color of the binding, or from the character of the contents.

2. A book compiled in the twelfth century, containing a description
of the court of exchequer of England, an official statement of the
revenues of the crown, etc.

3. A book containing details of the enormities practiced in the
English monasteries and religious houses, compiled by order of their
visitors under Henry VIII., to hasten their dissolution.

4. A book of admiralty law, of the highest authority, compiled in the
reign of Edw. III. Bouvier. Wharton.

5. A book kept for the purpose of registering the names of persons
liable to censure or punishment, as in the English universities, or
the English armies.

6. Any book which treats of necromancy.

BLACK-BROWED
Black"-browed`, a.

Defn: Having black eyebrows. Hence: Gloomy; dismal; threatening;
forbidding. Shak. Dryden.

BLACKBURNIAN WARBLER
Black*bur"ni*an war"bler. Etym: [Named from Mrs. Blackburn, an
English lady.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beautiful warbler of the United States (Dendroica
Blackburniæ). The male is strongly marked with orange, yellow, and
black on the head and neck, and has an orange-yellow breast.

BLACKCAP
Black"cap`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) A small European song bird (Sylvia atricapilla), with a black
crown; the mock nightingale.
(b) An American titmouse (Parus atricapillus); the chickadee.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: An apple roasted till black, to be served in a dish of boiled
custard.

3. The black raspberry.

BLACKCOAT
Black"coat`, n.

Defn: A clergyman; -- familiarly so called, as a soldier is sometimes
called a redcoat or a bluecoat.

BLACKCOCK
Black"cock`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male of the European black grouse (Tetrao tetrix, Linn.); -
- so called by sportsmen. The female is called gray hen. See Heath
grouse.

BLACK DEATH
Black" death`.

Defn: A pestilence which ravaged Europe and Asia in the fourteenth
century.

BLACKEN
Black"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blackened; p. pr. & vb. n. Blackening.]
Etym: [See Black, a., and cf. Black, v. t. ]

1. To make or render black.
While the long funerals blacken all the way. Pope

2. To make dark; to darken; to cloud. "Blackened the whole heavens."
South.

3. To defame; to sully, as reputation; to make infamous; as, vice
blackens the character.

Syn.
 -- To denigrate; defame; vilify; slander; calumniate; traduce;
malign; asperse.

BLACKEN
Black"en, v. i.

Defn: To grow black or dark.

BLACKENER
Black"en*er, n.

Defn: One who blackens.

BLACK-EYED
Black"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having black eyes. Dryden.

BLACK-EYED SUSAN
Black"-eyed` Su"san. (Bot.)
 (a) The coneflower, or yellow daisy (Rudbeckia hirta).
 (b) The bladder ketmie.

BLACK-FACED
Black"-faced`, a.

Defn: Having a black, dark, or gloomy face or aspect.

BLACKFEET
Black"feet`, n. pl. (Ethn.)

Defn: A tribe of North American Indians formerly inhabiting the
country from the upper Missouri River to the Saskatchewan, but now
much reduced in numbers.

BLACKFIN
Black"fin`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Bluefin.

BLACKFISH
Black"fish, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small kind of whale, of the genus Globicephalus, of several
species. The most common is G. melas. Also sometimes applied to other
whales of larger size.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tautog of New England (Tautoga).

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The black sea bass (Centropristis atrarius) of the Atlantic
coast. It is excellent food fish; -- locally called also black Harry.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of southern Europe (Centrolophus pompilus) of the
Mackerel family.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The female salmon in the spawning season.

Note: The name is locally applied to other fishes.

BLACK FLAGS
Black Flags.

Defn: An organization composed originally of Chinese rebels that had
been driven into Tonkin by the suppression of the Taiping rebellion,
but later increased by bands of pirates and adventurers. It took a
prominent part in fighting the French during their hostilities with
Anam, 1873-85.

BLACKFOOT
Black"foot`, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Blackfeet; as, a Blackfoot Indian.
 -- n.

Defn: A Blackfoot Indian.

BLACK FRIAR
Black" fri`ar. (Eccl.)

Defn: A friar of the Dominican order; -- called also predicant and
preaching friar; in France, Jacobin. Also, sometimes, a Benedictine.

BLACK FRIDAY
Black Friday.

Defn: Any Friday on which a public disaster has occurred, as: In
England, December 6, 1745, when the news of the landing of the
Pretender reached London, or May 11, 1866,  when a financial panic
commenced. In the United States, September 24, 1869, and September
18, 1873, on which financial panics began.

BLACKGUARD
Black"guard, n. Etym: [Black + guard.]

1. The scullions and lower menials of a court, or of a nobleman's
household, who, in a removal from one residence to another, had
charge of the kitchen utensils, and being smutted by them, were
jocularly called the "black guard"; also, the servants and hangers-on
of an army. [Obs.]
A lousy slave, that . . . rode with the black guard in the duke's
carriage, 'mongst spits and dripping pans. Webster (1612).

2. The criminals and vagrants or vagabonds of a town or community,
collectively. [Obs.]

3. A person of stained or low character, esp. one who uses scurrilous
language, or treats others with foul abuse; a scoundrel; a rough.
A man whose manners and sentiments are decidedly below those of his
class deserves to be called a blackguard. Macaulay.

4. A vagrant; a bootblack; a gamin. [Obs.]

BLACKGUARD
Black"guard`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blackguarded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Blackguarding.]

Defn: To revile or abuse in scurrilous language. Southey.

BLACKGUARD
Black"guard, a.

Defn: Scurrilous; abusive; low; worthless; vicious; as, blackguard
language.

BLACKGUARDISM
Black"guard*ism, n.

Defn: The conduct or language of a blackguard; rufflanism.

BLACKGUARDLY
Black"guard*ly, adv. & a.

Defn: In the manner of or resembling a blackguard; abusive;
scurrilous; ruffianly.

BLACK HAMBURG
Black Ham"burg.

Defn: A sweet and juicy variety of European grape, of a dark purplish
black color, much grown under glass in northern latitudes.

BLACK HAND
Black Hand. [A trans. of Sp. mano negra.]

1.

Defn: A Spanish anarchistic society, many of the members of which
were imprisoned in 1883.

2.  A lawless or blackmailing secret society, esp. among Italians.
[U. S.]

BLACKHEAD
Black"head`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The scaup duck.

BLACKHEART
Black"heart`, n.

Defn: A heart-shaped cherry with a very dark-colored skin.

BLACK-HEARTED
Black"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Having a wicked, malignant disposition; morally bad.

BLACK HOLE
Black" hole`.

Defn: A dungeon or dark cell in a prison; a military lock-up or
guardroom; -- now commonly with allusion to the cell (the Black Hole)
in a fort at Calcutta, into which 146 English prisoners were thrust
by the nabob Suraja Dowla on the night of June 20, 17656, and in
which 123 of the prisoners died before morning from lack of air.
A discipline of unlimited autocracy, upheld by rods, and ferules, and
the black hole. H. Spencer.

BLACKING
Black"ing, n.

1. Any preparation for making things black; esp. one for giving a
black luster to boots and shoes, or to stoves.

2. The act or process of making black.

BLACKISH
Black"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat black.

BLACK-JACK
Black"-jack`, n.

1. (Min.)

Defn: A name given by English miners to sphalerite, or zinc blende; -
- called also false galena. See Blende.

2. Caramel or burnt sugar, used to color wines, spirits, ground
coffee, etc.

3. A large leather vessel for beer, etc. [Obs.]

4. (Bot.)

Defn: The Quercus nigra, or barren oak.

5. The ensign of a pirate.

BLACK LEAD
Black` lead".

Defn: Plumbago; graphite.It leaves a blackish mark somewhat like
lead. See Graphite.

BLACKLEAD
Black`lead", v. t.

Defn: To coat or to polish with black lead.

BLACKLEG
Black"leg`, n.

1. A notorious gambler. [Colloq.]

2. A disease among calves and sheep, characterized by a settling of
gelatinous matter in the legs, and sometimes in the neck. [Eng.]

BLACK LETTER
Black" let`ter.

Defn: The old English or Gothic letter, in which the Early English
manuscripts were written, and the first English books were printed.
It was conspicuous for its blackness. See Type.

BLACK-LETTER
Black"-let`ter, a.

1. Written or printed in black letter; as, a black-letter manuscript
or book.

2. Given to the study of books in black letter; that is, of old
books; out of date.
Kemble, a black-letter man! J. Boaden.

3. Of or pertaining to the days in the calendar not marked with red
letters as saints' days. Hence: Unlucky; inauspicious.

BLACKLIST
Black"list`, v. t.

Defn: To put in a black list as deserving of suspicion, censure, or
punishment; esp. to put in a list of persons stigmatized as insolvent
or untrustworthy, -- as tradesmen and employers do for mutual
protection; as, to blacklist a workman who has been discharged. See
Black list, under Black, a.
If you blacklist us, we will boycott you. John Swinton.

BLACKLY
Black"ly, adv.

Defn: In a black manner; darkly, in color; gloomily; threateningly;
atrociously. "Deeds so blackly grim and horrid." Feltham.

BLACKMAIL
Black"mail`, n. Etym: [Black + mail a piece of money.]

1. A certain rate of money, corn, cattle, or other thing, anciently
paid, in the north of England and south of Scotland, to certain men
who were allied to robbers, or moss troopers, to be by them protected
from pillage. Sir W. Scott.

2. Payment of money exacted by means of intimidation; also, extortion
of money from a person by threats of public accusation, exposure, or
censure.

3. (Eng. Law)

Defn: Black rent, or rent paid in corn, flesh, or the lowest coin, a
opposed to "white rent", which paid in silver. To levy blackmail, to
extort money by threats, as of injury to one's reputation.

BLACKMAIL
Black"mail`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blackmailed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Blackmailing.]

Defn: To extort money from by exciting fears of injury other than
bodily harm, as injury to reputation, distress of mind, etc.; as, to
blackmail a merchant by threatening to expose an alleged fraud. [U.
S.]

BLACKMAILER
Black"mail`er, n.

Defn: One who extorts, or endeavors to extort, money, by black
mailing.

BLACKMAILING
Black"mail`ing, n.

Defn: The act or practice of extorting money by exciting fears of
injury other than bodily harm, as injury to reputation.

BLACK MONDAY
Black" Mon`day.

1. Easter Monday, so called from the severity of that day in 1360,
which was so unusual that many of Edward III.'s soldiers, then before
Paris, died from the cold. Stow.
Then it was not for nothing that may nose fell a bleeding on Black
Monday last. Shak.

2. The first Monday after the holidays; -- so called by English
schoolboys. Halliwell.

BLACK MONK
Black" monk`.

Defn: A Benedictine monk.

BLACKMOOR
Black"moor, n.

Defn: See Blackamoor.

BLACK-MOUTHED
Black"-mouthed`, a.

Defn: Using foul or scurrilous language; slanderous.

BLACKNESS
Black"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being black; black color; atrociousness
or enormity in wickedness.
They're darker now than blackness. Donne.

BLACKPOLL
Black"poll`, n. Etym: [Black + poll head.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A warbler of the United States (Dendroica striata).

BLACK PUDDING
Black" pud"ding.

Defn: A kind of sausage made of blood, suet, etc., thickened with
meal.
And fat black puddings, -- proper food, For warriors that delight in
blood. Hudibras.

BLACK ROD
Black" Rod`.
(a) the usher to the Chapter of the Garter, so called from the black
rod which he carries. He is of the king's chamber, and also usher to
the House of Lords. [Eng.]
(b) An usher in the legislature of British colonies. Cowell.
Committed to the custody of the Black Rod. Macaulay.

BLACKROOT
Black"root`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Colicroot.

BLACKS
Blacks, n. pl.

1. The name of a kind of in used in copperplate printing, prepared
from the charred husks of the grape, and residue of the wine press.

2. Soot flying in the air. [Eng.]

3. Black garments, etc. See Black, n., 4.

BLACKSALTER
Black"salt`er, n.

Defn: One who,makes crude potash, or black salts.

BLACK SALTS
Black" salts`.

Defn: Crude potash. De Colange.

BLACKSMITH
Black"smith`, n. Etym: [Black (in allusion to the color of the metal)
+ smith. Cf. Whitesmith.]

1. A smith who works in iron with a forge, and makes iron utensils,
horseshoes, etc.
The blacksmith may forge what he pleases. Howell.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of the Pacific coast (Chromis, or Heliastes,
punctipinnis), of a blackish color.

BLACK SNAKE; BLACKSNAKE
Black" snake` or Black"snake, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A snake of a black color, of which two species are common in
the United States, the Bascanium constrictor, or racer, sometimes six
feet long, and the Scotophis Alleghaniensis, seven or eight feet
long.

Note: The name is also applied to various other black serpents, as
Natrix atra of Jamaica.

BLACK SPANISH
Black Spanish.

Defn: One of an old and well-known Mediterranean breed of domestic
fowls with glossy black plumage, blue legs and feet, bright red comb
and wattles, and white face. They are remarkable as egg layers.

BLACKSTRAP
Black"strap`, n.

1. A mixture of spirituous liquor (usually rum) and molasses.
No blackstrap to-night; switchel, or ginger pop. Judd.

2. Bad port wine; any commo wine of the Mediterranean; -- so called
by sailors.

BLACKTAIL
Black"tail`, n. Etym: [Black + tail.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish; the ruff or pope.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The black-tailed deer (Cervus or Cariacus Columbianus) of
California and Oregon; also, the mule deer of the Rocky Mountains.
See Mule deer.

BLACKTHORN
Black"thorn`, n. (Bot.)
(a) A spreading thorny shrub or small tree (Prunus spinosa), with
blackish bark, and bearing little black plums, which are called
sloes; the sloe.
(b) A species of Cratægus or hawthorn (C. tomentosa). Both are used
for hedges.

BLACK VOMIT
Black" vom"it. (Med.)

Defn: A copious vomiting of dark-colored matter; or the substance so
discharged; -- one of the most fatal symptoms in yellow fever.

BLACK WASH; BLACKWASH
Black" wash` or Black"wash, n.

1. (Med.)

Defn: A lotion made by mixing calomel and lime water.

2. A wash that blackens, as opposed to whitewash; hence,
figuratively, calumny.
To remove as far as he can the modern layers of black wash, and let
the man himself, fair or foul, be seen. C. Kingsley.

BLACKWATER STATE
Black"wa`ter State.

Defn: Nebraska; -- a nickname alluding to the dark color of the water
of its rivers, due to the presence of a black vegetable mold in the
soil.

BLACKWOOD
Black"wood, n.

Defn: A name given to several dark-colored timbers. The East Indian
black wood is from the tree Dalbergia latifolia. Balfour.

BLACKWORK
Black"work`, n.

Defn: Work wrought by blacksmiths; -- so called in distinction from
that wrought by whitesmiths. Knight.

BLADDER
Blad"der, n. Etym: [OE. bladder, bleddre, AS. bl, bl; akin to Icel.
bla, SW. bläddra, Dan. blære, D. blaar, OHG. blatara the bladder in
the body of animals, G. blatter blister, bustule; all fr. the same
root as AS. blawan, E. blow, to puff. See Blow to puff.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A bag or sac in animals, which serves as the receptacle of some
fluid; as, the urinary bladder; the gall bladder; -- applied
especially to the urinary bladder, either within the animal, or when
taken out and inflated with air.

2. Any vesicle or blister, especially if filled with air, or a thin,
watery fluid.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A distended, membranaceous pericarp.

4. Anything inflated, empty, or unsound. "To swim with bladders of
philosophy." Rochester. Bladder nut, or Bladder tree (Bot.), a genus
of plants (Staphylea) with bladderlike seed pods.
 -- Bladder pod (Bot.), a genus of low herbs (Vesicaria) with
inflated seed pods.
 -- Bladdor senna (Bot.), a genus of shrubs (Colutea), with
membranaceous, inflated pods.
 -- Bladder worm (Zoöl.), the larva of any species of tapeworm
(Tænia), found in the flesh or other parts of animals. See Measle,
Cysticercus.
 -- Bladder wrack (Bot.), the common black rock weed of the seacoast
(Fucus nodosus and F. vesiculosus) -- called also bladder tangle. See
Wrack.

BLADDER
Blad"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bladdered; p. pr. & vb. n. Bladdering.]

1. To swell out like a bladder with air; to inflate. [Obs.] G.
Fletcher.

2. To put up in bladders; as, bladdered lard.

BLADDERWORT
Blad"der*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus (Utricularia) of aquatic or marshy plants, which
usually bear numerous vesicles in the divisions of the leaves. These
serve as traps for minute animals. See Ascidium.

BLADDERY
Blad"der*y, a.

Defn: Having bladders; also, resembling a bladder.

BLADE
Blade, n. Etym: [OE. blade, blad, AS. blæd leaf; akin to OS., D.,
Dan., & Sw. blad, Icel. bla, OHG. blat, G. blatt, and perh. to L.
folium, Gr. . The root is prob. the same as that of AS. bl, E. blow,
to blossom. See Blow to blossom, and cf. Foil leaf of metal.]

1. Properly, the leaf, or flat part of the leaf, of any plant,
especially of gramineous plants. The term is sometimes applied to the
spire of grasses.
The crimson dulse . . . with its waving blade. Percival.
First the blade, then ear, after that the full corn in the ear. Mark
iv. 28.

2. The cutting part of an instrument; as, the blade of a knife or a
sword.

3. The broad part of an oar; also, one of the projecting arms of a
screw propeller.

4. The scapula or shoulder blade.

5. pl. (Arch.)

Defn: The principal rafters of a roof. Weale.

6. pl. (Com.)

Defn: The four large shell plates on the sides, and the five large
ones of the middle, of the carapace of the sea turtle, which yield
the best tortoise shell. De Colange.

7. A sharp-witted, dashing, wild, or reckless, fellow; -- a word of
somewhat indefinite meaning.
He saw a turnkey in a trice Fetter a troublesome blade. Coleridge.

BLADE
Blade, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with a blade.

BLADE
Blade, v. i.

Defn: To put forth or have a blade.
As sweet a plant, as fair a flower, is faded As ever in the Muses'
garden bladed. P. Fletcher.

BLADEBONE
Blade"bone`, n.

Defn: The scapula. See Blade, 4.

BLADED
Blad"ed, a.

1. Having a blade or blades; as a two-bladed knife.
Decking with liquid pearl the bladed grass. Shak.

2. Divested of blades; as, bladed corn.

3. (Min.)

Defn: Composed of long and narrow plates, shaped like the blade of a
knife.

BLADEFISH
Blade"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A long, thin, marine fish of Europe (Trichiurus lepturus); the
ribbon fish.

BLADESMITH
Blade"smith`, n.

Defn: A sword cutler. [Obs.]

BLADY
Blad"y, a.

Defn: Consisting of blades. [R.] "Blady grass." Drayton.

BLAE
Blæ, a. Etym: [See Blue.]

Defn: Dark blue or bluish gray; lead-colored. [Scot.]

BLAEBERRY
Blæ"ber*ry, n. Etym: [Blæ + berry; akin to Icel blaber, Sw. bl, D.
blaabær. Cf. Blueberry.]

Defn: The bilberry. [North of Eng. & Scot.]

BLAGUE
Blague, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Mendacious boasting; falcefood; humbug.

BLAIN
Blain, n. Etym: [OE. blein, bleyn, AS. bl; akin to Dan. blegn, D.
blein; perh. fr. the same root as E. bladder. See Bladder.]

1. An inflammatory swelling or sore; a bulla, pustule, or blister.
Blotches and blains must all his flesh emboss. Milton.

2. (Far.)

Defn: A bladder growing on the root of the tongue of a horse, against
the windpipe, and stopping the breath.

BLAMABLE
Blam"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. blâmable.]

Defn: Deserving of censure; faulty; culpable; reprehensible;
censurable; blameworthy.
 -- Blam"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Blam"a*bly (, adv.

BLAME
Blame, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Blaming.] Etym:
[OE. blamen, F. blâr, OF. blasmer, fr. L. blasphemare to blaspheme,
LL. also to blame, fr. Gr. to speak ill to slander, to blaspheme, fr.
evil speaking, perh, for ; injury (fr. to injure) + a saying, fr. to
say. Cf. Blaspheme, and see Fame.]

1. To censure; to express disapprobation of; to find fault with; to
reproach.
We have none to blame but ourselves. Tillotson.

2. To bring reproach upon; to blemish. [Obs.]
She . . . blamed her noble blood. Spenser.
To blame, to be blamed, or deserving blame; in fault; as, the
conductor was to blame for the accident.
You were to blame, I must be plain with you. Shak.

BLAME
Blame, n. Etym: [OE. blame, fr. F. blâme, OF. blasme, fr. blâmer, OF.
blasmer, to blame. See Blame, v.]

1. An expression of disapprobation fir something deemed to be wrong;
imputation of fault; censure.
Let me bear the blame forever. Gen. xiiii. 9.

2. That which is deserving of censure or disapprobation; culpability;
fault; crime; sin.
Holy and without blame before him in love. Eph. i. 4.

3. Hurt; injury. [Obs.] Spenser.

Syn.
 -- Censure; reprehension; condemnation; reproach; fault; sin; crime;
wrongdoing.

BLAMEFUL
Blame"ful, a.

1. Faulty; meriting blame. Shak.

2. Attributing blame or fault; implying or conveying censure;
faultfinding; censorious. Chaucer.
 -- Blame"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Blame"ful*ness, n.

BLAMELESS
Blame"less, a.

Defn: Free from blame; without fault; innocent; guiltless; --
sometimes followed by of.
A bishop then must be blameless. 1 Tim. iii. 2.
Blameless still of arts that polish to deprave. Mallet.
We will be blameless of this thine oath. Josh. ii. 17.

Syn.
 -- Irreproachable; sinless; unblemished; inculpable.
 -- Blameless, Spotless, Faultless, Stainless. We speak of a thing as
blameless when it is free from blame, or the just imputation of
fault; as, a blameless life or character. The others are stronger. We
speak of a thing as faultless, stainless, or spotless, only when we
mean that it is absolutely without fault or blemish; as, a spotless
or stainless reputation; a faultless course of conduct. The last
three words apply only to the general character, while blameless may
be used in reverence to particular points; as, in this transaction he
was wholly blameless. We also apply faultless to personal appearance;
as, a faultless figure; which can not be done in respect to any of
the other words.

BLAMELESSLY
Blame"less*ly, adv.

Defn: In a blameless manner.

BLAMELESSNESS
Blame"less*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being blameless; innocence.

BLAMER
Blam"er, n.

Defn: One who blames. Wyclif.

BLAMEWORTHY
Blame"wor`thy, a.

Defn: Deserving blame; culpable; reprehensible.
 -- Blame"wor`thi*ness, n.

BLANC
Blanc, n. [F., white.]

1. A white cosmetic.

2.  A white sauce of fat, broth, and vegetables, used esp. for
braised meat.

BLANCARD
Blan"card, n. Etym: [F., fr. blanc white.]

Defn: A kind of linen cloth made in Normandy, the thread of which is
partly blanches before it is woven.

BLANCH
Blanch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blanched; p. pr. & vb. n. Blanching.]
Etym: [OE. blanchen, blaunchen, F. blanchir, fr. blanc white. See
Blank, a.]

1. To take the color out of, and make white; to bleach; as, to blanch
linen; age has blanched his hair.

2. (Gardening)

Defn: To bleach by excluding the light, as the stalks or leaves of
plants, by earthing them up or tying them together.

3. (Confectionery & Cookery)
(a) To make white by removing the skin of, as by scalding; as, to
blanch almonds.
(b) To whiten, as the surface of meat, by plunging into boiling water
and afterwards into cold, so as to harden the surface and retain the
juices.

4. To give a white luster to (silver, before stamping, in the process
of coining.).

5. To cover (sheet iron) with a coating of tin.

6. Fig.: To whiten; to give a favorable appearance to; to whitewash;
to palliate.
Blanch over the blackest and most absurd things. Tillotson.

Syn.
 -- To Blanch, Whiten. To whiten is the generic term, denoting, to
render white; as, to whiten the walls of a room. Usually (though not
of necessity) this is supposed to be done by placing some white
coloring matter in or upon the surface of the object in question. To
blanch is to whiten by the removal of coloring matter; as, to blanch
linen. So the cheek is blanched by fear, i. e., by the withdrawal of
the blood, which leaves it white.

BLANCH
Blanch, v. i.

Defn: To grow or become white; as, his cheek blanched with fear; the
rose blanches in the sun.
[Bones] blanching on the grass. Tennyson.

BLANCH
Blanch, v. t. Etym: [See Blench.]

1. To avoid, as from fear; to evade; to leave unnoticed. [Obs.]
Ifs and ands to qualify the words of treason, whereby every man might
express his malice and blanch his danger. Bacon.
I suppose you will not blanch Paris in your way. Reliq. Wot.

2. To cause to turn aside or back; as, to blanch a deer.

BLANCH
Blanch, v. i.

Defn: To use evasion. [Obs.]
Books will speak plain, when counselors blanch. Bacon.

BLANCH
Blanch, n. (Mining)

Defn: Ore, not in masses, but mixed with other minerals.

BLANCHARD LATHE
Blan"chard lathe. [After Thomas Blanchard, American inventor.]
(Mach.)

Defn: A kind of wood-turning lathe for making noncircular and
irregular forms, as felloes, gun stocks, lasts, spokes, etc., after a
given pattern. The pattern and work rotate on parallel spindles in
the same direction with the same speed, and the work is shaped by a
rapidly rotating cutter whose position is varied by the pattern
acting as a cam upon a follower wheel traversing slowly along the
pattern.

BLANCHER
Blanch"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, blanches or whitens; esp., one who
anneals and cleanses money; also, a chemical preparation for this
purpose.

BLANCHER
Blanch"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, frightens away or turns aside. [Obs.]
And Gynecia, a blancher, which kept the dearest deer from her. Sir P.
Sidney.
And so even now hath he divers blanchers belonging to the market, to
let and stop the light of the gospel. Latimer.

BLANCH HOLDING
Blanch" hold`ing. (Scots Law)

Defn: A mode of tenure by the payment of a small duty in white rent
(silver) or otherwise.

BLANCHIMETER
Blanch*im"e*ter, n. Etym: [1st blanch + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the bleaching power of chloride of
lime and potash; a chlorometer. Ure.

BLANCMANGE
Blanc*mange", n. Etym: [F. blancmanger, lit. white food; blanc white
+ manger to eat.] (Cookery)

Defn: A preparation for desserts, etc., made from isinglass, sea
moss, cornstarch, or other gelatinous or starchy substance, with
mild, usually sweetened and flavored, and shaped in a mold.

BLANCMANGER
Blanc*man"ger, n. Etym: [F. See Blancmange.]

Defn: A sort of fricassee with white sauce, variously made of capon,
fish, etc. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BLAND
Bland, a. Etym: [L. blandus, of unknown origin.]

1. Mild; soft; gentle; smooth and soothing in manner; suave; as, a
bland temper; bland persuasion; a bland sycophant. "Exhilarating
vapor bland." Milton.

2. Having soft and soothing qualities; not drastic or irritating; not
stimulating; as, a bland oil; a bland diet.

BLANDATION
Blan*da"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. L. blanditia, blandities, fr. blandus.
See Bland.]

Defn: Flattery. [Obs.]

BLANDILOQUENCE
Blan*dil"o*quence, n. Etym: [L. blandiloquentia; blandus mild + loqui
to speak.]

Defn: Mild, flattering speech.

BLANDILOQUOUS; BLANDILOQUIOUS
Blan*dil"o*quous, Blan*di*lo"qui*ous, a.

Defn: Fair-spoken; flattering.

BLANDISE
Blan"dise, v. i. Etym: [Same word as Blandish.]

Defn: To blandish any one. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BLANDISH
Blan"dish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blandished; p. pr. & vb. n.
Blandishing.] Etym: [OE. blaundisen, F. blandir, fr. L. blandiri, fr.
blandus mild, flattering.]

1. To flatter with kind words or affectionate actions; to caress; to
cajole.

2. To make agreeable and enticing.
Mustering all her wiles, With blandished parleys. Milton.

BLANDISHER
Blan"dish*er, n.

Defn: One who uses blandishments.

BLANDISHMENT
Blan"dish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. blandissement.]

Defn: The act of blandishing; a word or act expressive of affection
or kindness, and tending to win the heart; soft words and artful
caresses; cajolery; allurement.
Cowering low with blandishment. Milton.
Attacked by royal smiles, by female blandishments. Macaulay.

BLANDLY
Bland"ly, adv.

Defn: In a bland manner; mildly; suavely.

BLANDNESS
Bland"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being bland.

BLANK
Blank, a. Etym: [OE. blank, blonc, blaunc, blaunche, fr. F. blanc,
fem. blanche, fr. OHG. blanch shining, bright, white, G. blank; akin
to E. blink, cf. also AS. blanc white. Blink, and cf. 1st Blanch.]

1. Of a white or pale color; without color.
To the blank moon Her office they prescribed. Milton.

2. Free from writing, printing, or marks; having an empty space to be
filled in with some special writing; -- said of checks, official
documents, etc.; as, blank paper; a blank check; a blank ballot.

3. Utterly confounded or discomfited.
Adam . . . astonied stood, and blank. Milton.

4. Empty; void; without result; fruitless; as, a blank space; a blank
day.

5. Lacking characteristics which give variety; as, a blank desert; a
blank wall; destitute of interests, affections, hopes, etc.; as, to
live a blank existence; destitute of sensations; as, blank
unconsciousness.

6. Lacking animation and intelligence, or their associated
characteristics, as expression of face, look, etc.; expressionless;
vacant. "Blank and horror-stricken faces." C. Kingsley.
The blank . . . glance of a half returned consciousness. G. Eliot.

7. Absolute; downright; unmixed; as, blank terror. Blank bar (Law), a
plea put in to oblige the plaintiff in an action of trespass to
assign the certain place where the trespass was committed; -- called
also common bar.
 -- Blank cartridge, a cartridge containing no ball.
 -- Blank deed. See Deed.
 -- Blank door, or Blank window (Arch.), a depression in a wall of
the size of a door or window, either for symmetrical effect, or for
the more convenient insertion of a door or window at a future time,
should it be needed.
 -- Blank indorsement (Law), an indorsement which omits the name of
the person in whose favor it is made; it is usually made by simply
writing the name of the indorser on the back of the bill.
 -- Blank line (Print.), a vacant space of the breadth of a line, on
a printed page; a line of quadrats.
 -- Blank tire (Mech.), a tire without a flange.
 -- Blank tooling. See Blind tooling, under Blind.
 -- Blank verse. See under Verse.
 -- Blank wall, a wall in which there is no opening; a dead wall.

BLANK
Blank, n.

1. Any void space; a void space on paper, or in any written
instrument; an interval void of consciousness, action, result, etc; a
void.
I can not write a paper full, I used to do; and yet I will not
forgive a blank of half an inch from you. Swift.
From this time there ensues a long blank in the history of French
legislation. Hallam.
I was ill. I can't tell how long -- it was a blank. G. Eliot.

2. A lot by which nothing is gained; a ticket in a lottery on which
no prize is indicated.
In Fortune's lottery lies A heap of blanks, like this, for one small
prize. Dryden.

3. A paper unwritten; a paper without marks or characters a blank
ballot; -- especially, a paper on which are to be inserted designated
items of information, for which spaces are left vacant; a bland form.
The freemen signified their approbation by an inscribed vote, and
their dissent by a blank. Palfrey.

4. A paper containing the substance of a legal instrument, as a deed,
release, writ, or execution, with spaces left to be filled with
names, date, descriptions, etc.

5. The point aimed at in a target, marked with a white spot; hence,
the object to which anything is directed.
Let me still remain The true blank of thine eye. Shak.

6. Aim; shot; range. [Obs.]
I have stood . . . within the blank of his displeasure For my free
speech. Shak.

7. A kind of base silver money, first coined in England by Henry V.,
and worth about 8 pence; also, a French coin of the seventeenth
century, worth about 4 pence. Nares.

8. (Mech.)

Defn: A piece of metal prepared to be made into something by a
further operation, as a coin, screw, nuts.

9. (Dominoes)

Defn: A piece or division of a piece, without spots; as, the "double
blank"; the "six blank." In blank, with an essential portion to be
supplied by another; as, to make out a check in blank.

BLANK
Blank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blanked; p. pr. & vb. n. Blanking.] Etym:
[Cf. 3d Blanch.]

1. To make void; to annul. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To blanch; to make blank; to damp the spirits of; to dispirit or
confuse. [Obs.]
Each opposite that blanks the face of joy. Shak.

BLANKET
Blan"ket, n. Etym: [F. blanchet, OF. also blanket, a woolen waistcoat
or shirt, the blanket of a printing press; prop. white woolen stuff,
dim. of blanc white; blanquette a kind of white pear, fr. blanc
white. See Blank, a.]

1. A heavy, loosely woven fabric, usually of wool, and having a nap,
used in bed clothing; also, a similar fabric used as a robe; or any
fabric used as a cover for a horse.

2. (Print.)

Defn: A piece of rubber, felt, or woolen cloth, used in the tympan to
make it soft and elastic.

3. A streak or layer of blubber in whales.

Note: The use of blankets formerly as curtains in theaters explains
the following figure of Shakespeare. Nares.
Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark To cry, "Hold, hold!"
Shak.
Blanket sheet, a newspaper of folio size.
 -- A wet blanket, anything which damps, chills, dispirits, or
discour

BLANKET
Blan"ket, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blanketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Blanketing.]

1. To cover with a blanket.
I'll . . . blanket my loins. Shak.

2. To toss in a blanket by way of punishment.
We'll have our men blanket 'em i' the hall. B. Jonson.

3. To take the wind out of the sails of (another vessel) by sailing
to windward of her. Blanket cattle. See Belted cattle, under Belted.

BLANKET CLAUSE
Blan"ket clause`. (Law)

Defn: A clause, as in a blanket mortgage or policy, that includes a
group or class of things, rather than a number mentioned individually
and having the burden, loss, or the like, apportioned among them.

BLANKETING
Blan"ket*ing, n.

1. Cloth for blankets.

2. The act or punishment of tossing in a blanket.
That affair of the blanketing happened to thee for the fault thou
wast guilty of. Smollett.

BLANKET MORTGAGE; BLANKET POLICY
Blan"ket mortgage or Blan"ket policy .

Defn: One that covers a group or class of things or properties
instead of one or more things mentioned individually, as where a
mortgage secures various debts as a group, or subjects a group or
class of different pieces of property to one general lien.

BLANKET STITCH
Blanket stitch.

Defn: A buttonhole stitch worked wide apart on the edge of material,
as blankets, too thick to hem.

BLANKLY
Blank"ly, adv.

1. In a blank manner; without expression; vacuously; as, to stare
blankly. G. Eliot.

2. Directly; flatly; point blank. De Quincey.

BLANKNESS
Blank"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being blank.

BLANQUETTE
Blan*quette", n. Etym: [F. blanquette, from blanc white.] (Cookery)

Defn: A white fricassee.

BLANQUILLO
Blan*quil"lo, n. Etym: [Sp. blanquillo whitish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large fish of Florida and the W. Indies (Caulolatilus
chrysops). It is red, marked with yellow.

BLARE
Blare, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Blared; p. pr. & vb. n. Blaring.] Etym:
[OE. blaren, bloren, to cry, woop; cf. G. plärren to bleat, D. blaren
to bleat, cry, weep. Prob. an imitative word, but cf. also E. blast.
Cf. Blore.]

Defn: To sound loudly and somewhat harshly. "The trumpet blared."
Tennyson.

BLARE
Blare, v. t.

Defn: To cause to sound like the blare of a trumpet; to proclaim
loudly.
To blare its own interpretation. Tennyson.

BLARE
Blare, n.

Defn: The harsh noise of a trumpet; a loud and somewhat harsh noise,
like the blast of a trumpet; a roar or bellowing.
With blare of bugle, clamor of men. Tennyson.
His ears are stunned with the thunder's blare. J. R. Drake.

BLARNEY
Blar"ney, n. Etym: [Blarney, a village and castle near Cork.]

Defn: Smooth, wheedling talk; flattery. [Colloq.] Blarney stone, a
stone in Blarney castle, Ireland, said to make those who kiss it
proficient in the use of blarney.

BLARNEY
Blar"ney, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blarneyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Blarneying.]

Defn: To influence by blarney; to wheedle with smooth talk; to make
or accomplish by blarney. "Blarneyed the landlord." Irving.
Had blarneyed his way from Long Island. S. G. Goodrich.

BLASE
Bla*sé", a. Etym: [F., p. p. of blaser.]

Defn: Having the sensibilities deadened by excess or frequency of
enjoyment; sated or surfeited with pleasure; used up.

BLASPHEME
Blas*pheme", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blasphemed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Blaspheming.] Etym: [OE. blasfem, L. blasphemare, fr. Gr. : cf. F.
blasphémer. See Blame, v.]

1. To speak of, or address, with impious irreverence; to revile
impiously (anything sacred); as, to blaspheme the Holy Spirit.
So Dagon shall be magnified, and God, Besides whom is no god,
compared with idols, Disglorified, blasphemed, and had in scorn.
Milton.
How long, O Lord, holy and true, dost thou not judge and avenge
thyself on all those who thus continually blaspheme thy great and
all-glorious name Dr. W. Beveridge.

2. Figuratively, of persons and things not religiously sacred, but
held in high honor: To calumniate; to revile; to abuse.
You do blaspheme the good in mocking me. Shak.
Those who from our labors heap their board, Blaspheme their feeder
and forget their lord. Pope.

BLASPHEME
Blas*pheme", v. i.

Defn: To utter blasphemy.
He that shall blaspheme against the Holy Ghost hath never
forgiveness. Mark iii. 29.

BLASPHEMER
Blas*phem"er, n.

Defn: One who blasphemes.
And each blasphemer quite escape the rod, Because the insult's not on
man, but God Pope.

BLASPHEMOUS
Blas"phe*mous, a. Etym: [L. blasphemus, Gr. .]

Defn: Speaking or writing blasphemy; uttering or exhibiting anything
impiously irreverent; profane; as, a blasphemous person; containing
blasphemy; as, a blasphemous book; a blasphemous caricature.
"Blasphemous publications." Porteus.
Nor from the Holy One of Heaven Refrained his tongue blasphemous.
Milton.

Note: Formerly this word was accented on the second syllable, as in
the above example.

BLASPHEMOUSLY
Blas"phe*mous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a blasphemous manner.

BLASPHEMY
Blas"phe*my, n. Etym: [L. blasphemia, Gr. : cf. OF. blasphemie.]

1. An indignity offered to God in words, writing, or signs; impiously
irreverent words or signs addressed to, or used in reference to, God;
speaking evil of God; also, the act of claiming the attributes or
prerogatives of deity.

Note: When used generally in statutes or at common law, blasphemy is
the use of irreverent words or signs in reference to the Supreme
Being in such a way as to produce scandal or provoke violence.

2. Figuratively, of things held in high honor: Calumny; abuse;
vilification.
Punished for his blasphemy against learning. Bacon.

-BLAST
-blast. Etym: [Gr. sprout, shoot.]

Defn: A suffix or terminal formative, used principally in biological
terms, and signifying growth, formation; as, bioblast, epiblast,
mesoblast, etc.

BLAST
Blast, n. Etym: [AS. bl a puff of wind, a blowing; akin to Icel.
blastr, OHG. blast, and fr. a verb akin to Icel. blasa to blow, OHG.
blâsan, Goth. bl (in comp.); all prob. from the same root as E. blow.
See Blow to eject air.]

1. A violent gust of wind.
And see where surly Winter passes off, Far to the north, and calls
his ruffian blasts; His blasts obey, and quit the howling hill.
Thomson.

2. A forcible stream of air from an orifice, as from a bellows, the
mouth, etc. Hence: The continuous blowing to which one charge of ore
or metal is subjected in a furnace; as, to melt so many tons of iron
at a blast.

Note: The terms hot blast and cold blast are employed to designate
whether the current is heated or not heated before entering the
furnace. A blast furnace is said to be in blast while it is in
operation, and out of blast when not in use.

3. The exhaust steam from and engine, driving a column of air out of
a boiler chimney, and thus creating an intense draught through the
fire; also, any draught produced by the blast.

4. The sound made by blowing a wind instrument; strictly, the sound
produces at one breath.
One blast upon his bugle horn Were worth a thousand men. Sir W.
Scott.
The blast of triumph o'er thy grave. Bryant.

5. A sudden, pernicious effect, as if by a noxious wind, especially
on animals and plants; a blight.
By the blast of God they perish. Job iv. 9.
Virtue preserved from fell destruction's blast. Shak.

6. The act of rending, or attempting to rend, heavy masses of rock,
earth, etc., by the explosion of gunpowder, dynamite, etc.; also, the
charge used for this purpose. "Large blasts are often used."
Tomlinson.

7. A flatulent disease of sheep. Blast furnace, a furnace, usually a
shaft furnace for smelting ores, into which air is forced by
pressure.
 -- Blast hole, a hole in the bottom of a pump stock through which
water enters.
 -- Blast nozzle, a fixed or variable orifice in the delivery end of
a blast pipe; -- called also blast orifice.
 -- In full blast, in complete operation; in a state of great
activity. See Blast, n., 2. [Colloq.]

BLAST
Blast, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Blasting.]

1. To injure, as by a noxious wind; to cause to wither; to stop or
check the growth of, and prevent from fruit-bearing, by some
pernicious influence; to blight; to shrivel.
Seven thin ears, and blasted with the east wind. Gen. xii. 6.

2. Hence, to affect with some sudden violence, plague, calamity, or
blighting influence, which destroys or causes to fail; to visit with
a curse; to curse; to ruin; as, to blast pride, hopes, or character.
I'll cross it, though it blast me. Shak.
Blasted with excess of light. T. Gray.

3. To confound by a loud blast or din.
Trumpeters, With brazen din blast you the city's ear. Shak.

4. To rend open by any explosive agent, as gunpowder, dynamite, etc.;
to shatter; as, to blast rocks.

BLAST
Blast, v. i.

1. To be blighted or withered; as, the bud blasted in the blossom.

2. To blow; to blow on a trumpet. [Obs.]
Toke his blake trumpe faste And gan to puffen and to blaste. Chaucer.

BLASTED
Blast"ed, a.

1. Blighted; withered.
Upon this blasted heath. Shak.

2. Confounded; accursed; detestable.
Some of her own blasted gypsies. Sir W. Scott.

3. Rent open by an explosive.
The blasted quarry thunders, heard remote. Wordsworth.

BLASTEMA
Blas*te"ma, n.; pl. Blastemata. Etym: [Gr. bud, sprout.] (Biol.)

Defn: The structureless, protoplasmic tissue of the embryo; the
primitive basis of an organ yet unformed, from which it grows.

BLASTEMAL
Blas*te"mal, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to the blastema; rudimentary.

BLASTEMATIC
Blas`te*mat"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Connected with, or proceeding from, the blastema; blastemal.

BLASTER
Blast"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, blasts or destroys.

BLASTIDE
Blas"tide, n. Etym: [Gr. sprout, fr. to grow.] (Biol.)

Defn: A small, clear space in the segments of the ovum, the precursor
of the nucleus.

BLASTING
Blast"ing, n.

1. A blast; destruction by a blast, or by some pernicious cause.
I have smitten you with blasting and mildew. Amos iv. 9.

2. The act or process of one who, or that which, blasts; the business
of one who blasts.

BLAST LAMP
Blast lamp.

Defn: A lamp provided with some arrangement for intensifying
combustion by means of a blast.

BLASTMENT
Blast"ment, n.

Defn: A sudden stroke or injury produced by some destructive cause.
[Obs.] Shak.

BLASTOCARPOUS
Blas`to*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. sprout, germ + fruit.] (Bot.)

Defn: Germinating inside the pericarp, as the mangrove. Brande & C.

BLASTOCOELE
Blas"to*coele, n. Etym: [Gr. sprout + hollow.] (Biol.)

Defn: The cavity of the blastosphere, or segmentation cavity.

BLASTOCYST
Blas"to*cyst, n. Etym: [Gr. sprout + E. cyst.] (Biol.)

Defn: The germinal vesicle.

BLASTODERM
Blas"to*derm, n. Etym: [Gr. sprout + E. derm.] (Biol.)

Defn: The germinal membrane in an ovum, from which the embryo is
developed.

BLASTODERMATIC; BLASTODERMIC
Blas`to*der*mat"ic, Blas`to*der"mic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the blastoderm.

BLASTOGENESIS
Blas`to*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. sprout + E. genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: Multiplication or increase by gemmation or budding.

BLASTOID
Blas"toid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Blastoidea.

BLASTOIDEA
Blas*toid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. sprout + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the divisions of Crinoidea found fossil in paleozoic
rocks; pentremites. They are so named on account of their budlike
form.

BLASTOMERE
Blas"to*mere, n. Etym: [Gr. sprout + -mere.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of the segments first formed by the division of the ovum.
Balfour.

BLASTOPHORAL; BLASTOPHORIC
Blas`toph"o*ral, Blas`to*phor"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to the blastophore.

BLASTOPHORE
Blas"to*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. sprout + to bear.] (Biol.)

Defn: That portion of the spermatospore which is not converted into
spermatoblasts, but carries them.

BLASTOPORE
Blas"to*pore, n. Etym: [Gr. sprout + E. pore.] (Biol.)

Defn: The pore or opening leading into the cavity of invagination, or
archenteron.

Note: [See Illust. of Invagination.] Balfour.

BLASTOSPHERE
Blas"to*sphere, n. Etym: [Gr. sprout + E. sphere.] (Biol.)

Defn: The hollow globe or sphere formed by the arrangement of the
blastomeres on the periphery of an impregnated ovum.

Note: [See Illust. of Invagination.]

BLASTOSTYLE
Blas"to*style, n. Etym: [Gr. sprout, bud + a pillar.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: In certain hydroids, an imperfect zooid, whose special function
is to produce medusoid buds. See Hydroidea, and Athecata.

BLAST PIPE
Blast" pipe`.

Defn: The exhaust pipe of a steam engine, or any pipe delivering
steam or air, when so constructed as to cause a blast.

BLASTULA
Blas"tu*la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of Gr. a sprout.] (Biol.)

Defn: That stage in the development of the ovum in which the outer
cells of the morula become more defined and form the blastoderm.

BLASTULE
Blas"tule, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Blastula.

BLASTY
Blast"y, a.

1. Affected by blasts; gusty.

2. Causing blast or injury. [Obs.] Boyle.

BLAT
Blat, v. i.

Defn: To cry, as a calf or sheep; to bleat; to make a senseless
noise; to talk inconsiderately. [Low]

BLAT
Blat, v. t.

Defn: To utter inconsiderately. [Low]
If I have anything on my mind, I have to blat it right out. W. D.
Howells.

BLATANCY
Bla"tan*cy, n.

Defn: Blatant quality.

BLATANT
Bla"tant, a. Etym: [Cf. Bleat.]

Defn: Bellowing, as a calf; bawling; brawling; clamoring;
disagreeably clamorous; sounding loudly and harshly. "Harsh and
blatant tone." R. H. Dana.
A monster, which the blatant beast men call. Spenser.
Glory, that blatant word, which haunts some military minds like the
bray of the trumpet. W. Irving.

BLATANTLY
Bla"tant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a blatant manner.

BLATHER
Blath"er (blath"er), v. i. & t.  [imp. & p. p. Blathered; p. pr. &
vb. n. Blathering.] [Written also blether.] [Icel. blaðra. Cf.
Blatherskite.]

Defn: To talk foolishly, or nonsensically.  G. Eliot.

BLATHER
Blath"er, n. [Written also blether.]

Defn: Voluble, foolish, or nonsensical talk; -- often in the pl.
Hall Caine.

BLATHERSKITE
Blath"er*skite, n.

Defn: A blustering, talkative fellow. [Local slang, U. S.] Barllett.

BLATTER
Blat"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Blattered.] Etym: [L. blaterare to
babble: cf. F. blatérer to bleat.]

Defn: To prate; to babble; to rail; to make a senseless noise; to
patter. [Archaic] "The rain blattered." Jeffrey.
They procured . . . preachers to blatter against me, . . . so that
they had place and time to belie me shamefully. Latimer.

BLATTERATION
Blat`ter*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. blateratio a babbling.]

Defn: Blattering.

BLATTERER
Blat"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who blatters; a babbler; a noisy, blustering boaster.

BLATTERING
Blat"ter*ing, n.

Defn: Senseless babble or boasting.

BLATTEROON
Blat`ter*oon", n. Etym: [L. blatero, -onis.]

Defn: A senseless babbler or boaster. [Obs.] "I hate such
blatteroons." Howell.

BLAUBOK
Blau"bok, n. Etym: [D. blauwbok.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The blue buck. See Blue buck, under Blue.

BLAY
Blay, n. Etym: [AS. bl, fr. bl, bleak, white; akin to Icel. bleikja,
OHG. bleicha, G. bleihe. See Bleak, n. & a.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish. See Bleak, n.

BLAZE
Blaze (blaz), n. Etym: [OE. blase, AS. blæse, blase; akin to OHG.
blass whitish, G. blass pale, MHG. blas torch, Icel. blys torch;
perh. fr. the same root as E. blast. Cf. Blast, Blush, Blink.]

1. A stream of gas or vapor emitting light and heat in the process of
combustion; a bright flame. "To heaven the blaze uprolled." Croly.

2. Intense, direct light accompanied with heat; as, to seek shelter
from the blaze of the sun.
O dark, dark, dark, amid the blaze of noon! Milton.

3. A bursting out, or active display of any quality; an outburst; a
brilliant display. "Fierce blaze of riot." "His blaze of wrath."
Shak.
For what is glory but the blaze of fame Milton.

4. [Cf. D. bles; akin to E. blaze light.]

Defn: A white spot on the forehead of a horse.

5. A spot made on trees by chipping off a piece of the bark, usually
as a surveyor's mark.
Three blazes in a perpendicular line on the same tree indicating a
legislative road, the single blaze a settlement or neighborhood road.
Carlton.
In a blaze, on fire; burning with a flame; filled with, giving, or
reflecting light; excited or exasperated.
 -- Like blazes, furiously; rapidly. [Low] "The horses did along like
blazes tear." Poem in Essex dialect.

Note: In low language in the U. S., blazes is frequently used of
something extreme or excessive, especially of something very bad; as,
blue as blazes. Neal.

Syn.
 -- Blaze, Flame. A blaze and a flame are both produced by burning
gas. In blaze the idea of light rapidly evolved is prominent, with or
without heat; as, the blaze of the sun or of a meteor. Flame includes
a stronger notion of heat; as, he perished in the flames.

BLAZE
Blaze, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Blazed; p. pr. & vb. n. Blazing.]

1. To shine with flame; to glow with flame; as, the fire blazes.

2. To send forth or reflect glowing or brilliant light; to show a
blaze.
And far and wide the icy summit blazed. Wordsworth.

3. To be resplendent. Macaulay. To blaze away, to discharge a
firearm, or to continue firing; -- said esp. of a number of persons,
as a line of soldiers. Also used (fig.) of speech or action.
[Colloq.]

BLAZE
Blaze, v. t.

1. To mark (a tree) by chipping off a piece of the bark.
I found my way by the blazed trees. Hoffman.

2. To designate by blazing; to mark out, as by blazed trees; as, to
blaze a line or path.
Champollion died in 1832, having done little more than blaze out the
road to be traveled by others. Nott.

BLAZE
Blaze, v. t. Etym: [OE. blasen to blow; perh. confused with blast and
blaze a flame, OE. blase. Cf. Blaze, v. i., and see Blast.]

1. To make public far and wide; to make known; to render conspicuous.
On charitable lists he blazed his name. Pollok.
To blaze those virtues which the good would hide. Pope.

2. (Her.)

Defn: To blazon. [Obs.] Peacham.

BLAZER
Blaz"er, n.

Defn: One who spreads reports or blazes matters abroad. "Blazers of
crime." Spenser.

BLAZING
Blaz"ing, a.

Defn: Burning with a blaze; as, a blazing fire; blazing torches. Sir
W. Scott. Blazing star. (a) A comet. [Obs.] (b) A brilliant center of
attraction. (c) (Bot.) A name given to several plants; as, to
Chamælirium luteum of the Lily family; Liatris squarrosa; and Aletris
farinosa, called also colicroot and star grass.

BLAZON
Bla"zon, n. Etym: [OE. blason, blasoun, shield, fr. F. blason coat of
arms, OF. shield, from the root of AS. blæse blaze, i. e., luster,
splendor, MHG. blas torch See Blaze, n.]

1. A shield. [Obs.]

2. An heraldic shield; a coat of arms, or a bearing on a coat of
arms; armorial bearings.
Their blazon o'er his towers displayed. Sir W. Scott.

3. The art or act of describing or depicting heraldic bearings in the
proper language or manner. Peacham.

4. Ostentatious display, either by words or other means; publication;
show; description; record.
Obtrude the blazon of their exploits upon the company. Collier.
Thy tongue, thy face, thy limbs, actions, and spirit, Do give thee
fivefold blazon. Shak.

BLAZON
Bla"zon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blazoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Blazoning.]
Etym: [From blazon, n.; confused with 4th blaze: cf. F. blasonner.]

1. To depict in colors; to display; to exhibit conspicuously; to
publish or make public far and wide.
Thyself thou blazon'st. Shak.
There pride sits blazoned on th' unmeaning brow. Trumbull.
To blazon his own worthless name. Cowper.

2. To deck; to embellish; to adorn.
She blazons in dread smiles her hideous form. Garth.

3. (Her.)

Defn: To describe in proper terms (the figures of heraldic devices);
also, to delineate (armorial bearings); to emblazon.
The coat of , arms, which I am not herald enough to blazon into
English. Addison.

BLAZON
Bla"zon, v. i.

Defn: To shine; to be conspicuous. [R.]

BLAZONER
Bla"zon*er, n.

Defn: One who gives publicity, proclaims, or blazons; esp., one who
blazons coats of arms; a herald. Burke.

BLAZONMENT
Bla"zon*ment, n.

Defn: The act or blazoning; blazoning; emblazonment.

BLAZONRY
Bla"zon*ry, n.

1. Same as Blazon, 3.
The principles of blazonry. Peacham.

2. A coat of arms; an armorial bearing or bearings.
The blazonry of Argyle. Lord Dufferin.

3. Artistic representation or display.

BLEA
Blea, n.

Defn: The part of a tree which lies immediately under the bark; the
alburnum or sapwood.

BLEABERRY
Blea"ber*ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Blaeberry.

BLEACH
Bleach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bleached; p. pr. & vb. n. Bleaching.]
Etym: [OE. blakien, blechen, v. t. & v. i., AS. blacian, bl, to grow
pale; akin to Icel. bleikja, Sw. bleka, Dan. blege, D. bleeken, G.
bleichen, AS. blac pale. See Bleak, a.]

Defn: To make white, or whiter; to remove the color, or stains, from;
to blanch; to whiten.
The destruction of the coloring matters attached to the bodies to be
bleached is effected either by the action of the air and light, of
chlorine, or of sulphurous acid. Ure.
Immortal liberty, whose look sublime Hath bleached the tyrant's cheek
in every varying clime. Smollett.

BLEACH
Bleach, v. i.

Defn: To grow white or lose color; to whiten.

BLEACHED
Bleached, a.

Defn: Whitened; make white.
Let their bleached bones, and blood's unbleaching stain, Long mark
the battlefield with hideous awe. Byron.

BLEACHER
Bleach"er, n.

Defn: One who whitens, or whose occupation is to whiten, by
bleaching.

BLEACHERY
Bleach"er*y, n.; pl. Bleacheries (.

Defn: A place or an establishment where bleaching is done.

BLEACHING
Bleach"ing, n.

Defn: The act or process of whitening, by removing color or stains;
esp. the process of whitening fabrics by chemical agents. Ure.
Bleaching powder, a powder for bleaching, consisting of chloride of
lime, or some other chemical or chemicals.

BLEAK
Bleak, a. Etym: [OE. blac, bleyke, bleche, AS. blac, bl, pale, wan;
akin to Icel. bleikr, Sw. blek, Dan. bleg, OS. bl, D. bleek, OHG.
pleih, G. bleich; all from the root of AS. blican to shine; akin to
OHG. blichen to shine; cf. L. flagrare to burn, Gr. to burn, shine,
Skr. bhraj to shine, and E. flame. Bleach, Blink, Flame.]

1. Without color; pale; pallid. [Obs.]
When she came out she looked as pale and as bleak as one that were
laid out dead. Foxe.

2. Desolate and exposed; swept by cold winds.
Wastes too bleak to rear The common growth of earth, the foodful ear.
Wordsworth.
At daybreak, on the bleak sea beach. Longfellow.

3. Cold and cutting; cheerless; as, a bleak blast.
 -- Bleak"ish, a.
 -- Bleak"ly, adv.
 -- Bleak"ness, n.

BLEAK
Bleak, n. Etym: [From Bleak, a., cf. Blay.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European river fish (Leuciscus alburnus), of the family
Cyprinidæ; the blay. [Written also blick.]

Note: The silvery pigment lining the scales of the bleak is used in
the manufacture of artificial pearls. Baird.

BLEAKY
Bleak"y, a.

Defn: Bleak. [Obs.] Dryden.

BLEAR
Blear, a. Etym: [See Blear, v.]

1. Dim or sore with water or rheum; -- said of the eyes.
His blear eyes ran in gutters to his chin. Dryden.

2. Causing or caused by dimness of sight; dim.
Power to cheat the eye with blear illusion. Milton.

BLEAR
Blear, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bleared; p. pr. & vb. n. Blearing.] Etym:
[OE. bleren; cf. Dan. plire to blink, Sw. plira to twinkle, wink, LG.
plieren; perh. from the same root as E. blink. See Blink, and cf.
Blur.]

Defn: To make somewhat sore or watery, as the eyes; to dim, or blur,
as the sight. Figuratively: To obscure (mental or moral perception);
to blind; to hoodwink.
That tickling rheums Should ever tease the lungs and blear the sight.
Cowper.
To blear the eye of, to deceive; to impose upon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BLEARED
Bleared, a.

Defn: Dimmed, as by a watery humor; affected with rheum.
 -- Blear"ed*ness (, n.
Dardanian wives, With bleared visages, come forth to view The issue
of the exploit. Shak.

BLEAREYE
Blear"eye`, n. (Med.)

Defn: A disease of the eyelids, consisting in chronic inflammation of
the margins, with a gummy secretion of sebaceous matter. Dunglison.

BLEAR-EYED
Blear"-eyed`, a.

1. Having sore eyes; having the eyes dim with rheum; dim-sighted.
The blear-eyed Crispin. Drant.

2. Lacking in perception or penetration; short-sighted; as, a blear-
eyed bigot.

BLEAREYEDNESS
Blear"eyed`ness, n.

Defn: The state of being blear-eyed.

BLEARY
Blear"y, a.

Defn: Somewhat blear.

BLEAT
Bleat, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bleated; p. pr. & vb. n. Bleating.] Etym:
[OE. bleten, AS. bl; akin to D. blaten, bleeten, OHG. blazan, plazan;
prob. of imitative origin.]

Defn: To make the noise of, or one like that of, a sheep; to cry like
a sheep or calf.
Then suddenly was heard along the main, To low the ox, to bleat the
woolly train. Pope
The ewe that will not hear her lamb when it baas, will never answer a
calf when he bleats. Shak.

BLEAT
Bleat, n.

Defn: A plaintive cry of, or like that of, a sheep.
The bleat of fleecy sheep. Chapman's Homer.

BLEATER
Bleat"er, n.

Defn: One who bleats; a sheep.
In cold, stiff soils the bleaters oft complain Of gouty ails. Dyer.

BLEATING
Bleat"ing, a.

Defn: Crying as a sheep does.
Then came the shepherd back with his bleating flocks from the
seaside. Longfellow.

BLEATING
Bleat"ing, n.

Defn: The cry of, or as of, a sheep. Chapman.

BLEB
Bleb, n. Etym: [Prov. E. bleb, bleib, blob, bubble, blister. This
word belongs to the root of blub, blubber, blabber, and perh. blow to
puff.]

Defn: A large vesicle or bulla, usually containing a serous fluid; a
blister; a bubble, as in water, glass, etc.
Arsenic abounds with air blebs. Kirwan.

BLEBBY
Bleb"by, a.

Defn: Containing blebs, or characterized by blebs; as, blebby glass.

BLECK; BLEK
Bleck, Blek, v. t.

Defn: To blacken; also, to defile. [Obs. or Dial.] Wyclif.

BLED
Bled,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Bleed.

BLEE
Blee, n. Etym: [AS. bleó, bleóh.]

Defn: Complexion; color; hue; likeness; form. [Archaic]
For him which is so bright of blee. Lament. of Mary Magd.
That boy has a strong blee of his father. Forby.

BLEED
Bleed, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bled; p. pr. & vb. n. Bleeding.] Etym:
[OE. bleden, AS. bl, fr. bl blood; akin to Sw. blöda, Dan. blöde, D.
bloeden, G. bluten. See Blood.]

1. To emit blood; to lose blood; to run with blood, by whatever
means; as, the arm bleeds; the wound bled freely; to bleed at the
nose.

2. To withdraw blood from the body; to let blood; as, Dr. A. bleeds
in fevers.

3. To lose or shed one's blood, as in case of a violent death or
severe wounds; to die by violence. "Cæsar must bleed." Shak.
The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day. Pope.

4. To issue forth, or drop, as blood from an incision.
For me the balm shall bleed. Pope.

5. To lose sap, gum, or juice; as, a tree or a vine bleeds when
tapped or wounded.

6. To pay or lose money; to have money drawn or extorted; as, to
bleed freely for a cause. [Colloq.] To make the heart bleed, to cause
extreme pain, as from sympathy or pity.

BLEED
Bleed, v. t.

1. To let blood from; to take or draw blood from, as by opening a
vein.

2. To lose, as blood; to emit or let drop, as sap.
A decaying pine of stately size, bleeding amber. H. Miller.

3. To draw money from (one); to induce to pay; as, they bled him
freely for this fund. [Colloq.]

BLEEDER
Bleed"er, n. (Med.)
(a) One who, or that which, draws blood.
(b) One in whom slight wounds give rise to profuse or uncontrollable
bleeding.

BLEEDING
Bleed"ing, a.

Defn: Emitting, or appearing to emit, blood or sap, etc.; also,
expressing anguish or compassion.

BLEEDING
Bleed"ing, n.

Defn: A running or issuing of blood, as from the nose or a wound; a
hemorrhage; the operation of letting blood, as in surgery; a drawing
or running of sap from a tree or plant.

BLEMISH
Blem"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blemished; p. pr. & vb. n. Blemishing.]
Etym: [OE. blemissen, blemishen, OF. blemir, blesmir, to strike,
injure, soil, F. blêmir to grow pale, fr. OF. bleme, blesme, pale,
wan, F. blême, prob. fr. Icel blaman the livid color of a wound, fr.
blar blue; akin to E. blue. OF. blemir properly signifies to beat one
(black and) blue, and to render blue or dirty. See Blue.]

1. To mark with deformity; to injure or impair, as anything which is
well formed, or excellent; to mar, or make defective, either the body
or mind.
Sin is a soil which blemisheth the beauty of thy soul. Brathwait.

2. To tarnish, as reputation or character; to defame.
There had nothing passed between us that might blemish reputation.
Oldys.

BLEMISH
Blem"ish, n.; pl. Blemishes (.

Defn: Any mark of deformity or injury, whether physical or moral;
anything; that diminishes beauty, or renders imperfect that which is
otherwise well formed; that which impairs reputation.
He shall take two he lambs without blemish, and one ewe lamb of the
first year without blemish. Lev. xiv. 10.
The reliefs of an envious man are those little blemishes and
imperfections that discover themselves in an illustrious character.
Spectator.

Syn.
 -- Spot; speck; flaw; deformity; stain; defect; fault; taint;
reproach; dishonor; imputation; disgrace.

BLEMISHLESS
Blem"ish*less, a.

Defn: Without blemish; spotless.
A life in all so blemishless. Feltham.

BLEMISHMENT
Blem"ish*ment, n.

Defn: The state of being blemished; blemish; disgrace; damage;
impairment.
For dread of blame and honor's blemishment. Spenser.

BLENCH
Blench, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Blenched; p. pr. & vb. n. Blenching.]
Etym: [OE. blenchen to blench, elude, deceive, AS. blencan to
deceive; akin to Icel. blekkja to impose upon. Prop. a causative of
blink to make to wink, to deceive. See Blink, and cf. 3d Blanch.]

1. To shrink; to start back; to draw back, from lack of courage or
resolution; to flinch; to quail.
Blench not at thy chosen lot. Bryant.
This painful, heroic task he undertook, and never blenched from its
fulfillment. Jeffrey.

2. To fly off; to turn aside. [Obs.]
Though sometimes you do blench from this to that. Shak.

BLENCH
Blench, v. t.

1. To baffle; to disconcert; to turn away; -- also, to obstruct; to
hinder. [Obs.]
Ye should have somewhat blenched him therewith, yet he might and
would of likelihood have gone further. Sir T. More.

2. To draw back from; to deny from fear. [Obs.]
He now blenched what before he affirmed. Evelyn.

BLENCH
Blench, n.

Defn: A looking aside or askance. [Obs.]
These blenches gave my heart another youth. Shak.

BLENCH
Blench, v. i. & t. Etym: [See 1st Blanch.]

Defn: To grow or make pale. Barbour.

BLENCHER
Blench"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, scares another; specifically, a person
stationed to prevent the escape of the deer, at a hunt. See Blancher.
[Obs.]

2. One who blenches, flinches, or shrinks back.

BLENCH HOLDING
Blench" hold`ing. (Law)

Defn: See Blanch holding.

BLEND
Blend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blended or Blent; p. pr. & vb. n.
Blending.] Etym: [OE. blenden, blanden, AS. blandan to blend, mix;
akin to Goth. blandan to mix, Icel. blanda, Sw. blanda, Dan. blande,
OHG. blantan to mis; to unknown origin.]

1. To mix or mingle together; esp. to mingle, combine, or associate
so that the separate things mixed, or the line of demarcation, can
not be distinguished. Hence: To confuse; to confound.
Blending the grand, the beautiful, the gay. Percival.

2. To pollute by mixture or association; to spoil or corrupt; to
blot; to stain. [Obs.] Spenser.

Syn.
 -- To commingle; combine; fuse; merge; amalgamate; harmonize.

BLEND
Blend, v. i.

Defn: To mingle; to mix; to unite intimately; to pass or shade
insensibly into each other, as colors.
There is a tone of solemn and sacred feeling that blends with our
conviviality. Irving.

BLEND
Blend, n.

Defn: A thorough mixture of one thing with another, as color, tint,
etc., into another, so that it cannot be known where one ends or the
other begins.

BLEND
Blend, v. t. Etym: [AS. blendan, from blind blind. See Blind, a.]

Defn: To make blind, literally or figuratively; to dazzle; to
deceive. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BLENDE
Blende, n. Etym: [G., fr. blenden to blind, dazzle, deceive, fr.
blind blind. So called either in allusion to its dazzling luster; or
(Dana) because, though often resembling galena, it yields no lead.
Cf. Sphalerite.] (Min.)
(a) A mineral, called also sphalerite, and by miners mock lead, false
galena, and black-jack. It is a zinc sulphide, but often contains
some iron. Its color is usually yellow, brown, or black, and its
luster resinous.
(b) A general term for some minerals, chiefly metallic sulphides
which have a somewhat brilliant but nonmetallic luster.

BLENDER
Blend"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, blends; an instrument, as a brush, used
in blending.

BLENDING
Blend"ing, n.

1. The act of mingling.

2. (Paint.)

Defn: The method of laying on different tints so that they may mingle
together while wet, and shade into each other insensibly. Weale.

BLENDOUS
Blend"ous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, consisting of, or containing, blende.

BLENDWATER
Blend"wa`ter, n.

Defn: A distemper incident to cattle, in which their livers are
affected. Crabb.

BLENHEIM SPANIEL
Blen"heim span"iel. Etym: [So called from Blenheim House, the seat of
the duke of Marlborough, in England.]

Defn: A small variety of spaniel, kept as a pet.

BLENK
Blenk, v. i.

Defn: To blink; to shine; to look. [Obs.]

BLENNIOID; BLENNIID
Blen"ni*oid, Blen"ni*id, a. Etym: [Blenny + -oid] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the blennies.

BLENNOGENOUS
Blen*nog"e*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. mucus + -genous.]

Defn: Generating mucus.

BLENNORRHEA
Blen`nor*rhe"a, n. Etym: [Gr. mucus + to flow.] (Med.)
(a) An inordinate secretion and discharge of mucus.
(b) Gonorrhea. Dunglison.

BLENNY
Blen"ny, n.; pl. Blennies. Etym: [L. blennius, blendius, blendea, Gr.
, fr. slime, mucus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine fish of the genus Blennius or family Blenniidæ; -- so
called from its coating of mucus. The species are numerous.

BLENT
Blent, imp. & p. p. of Blend to mingle.

Defn: Mingled; mixed; blended; also, polluted; stained.
Rider and horse, friend, foe, in one red burial blent. Byron.

BLENT
Blent, imp. & p. p. of Blend to blind.

Defn: Blinded. Also (Chaucer), 3d sing. pres. Blindeth. [Obs.]

BLEPHARITIS
Bleph`a*ri"tis, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  eyelid + -ilis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the eyelids. -- Bleph`a*rit"ic (#), a.

BLESBOK
Bles"bok, n. Etym: [D., fr. bles a white spot on the forehead + bok
buck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South African antelope (Alcelaphus albifrons), having a large
white spot on the forehead.

BLESS
Bless, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blessed or Blest; p. pr. & vb. n.
Blessing.] Etym: [OE. blessien, bletsen, AS. bletsian, bledsian,
bloedsian, fr. bl blood; prob. originally to consecrate by sprinkling
with blood. See Blood.]

1. To make or pronounce holy; to consecrate
And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it. Gen. ii. 3.

2. To make happy, blithesome, or joyous; to confer prosperity or
happiness upon; to grant divine favor to.
The quality of mercy is . . . twice blest; It blesseth him that gives
and him that takes. Shak.
It hath pleased thee to bless the house of thy servant, that it may
continue forever before thee. 1 Chron. xvii. 27 (R. V. )

3. To express a wish or prayer for the happiness of; to invoke a
blessing upon; -- applied to persons.
Bless them which persecute you. Rom. xii. 14.

4. To invoke or confer beneficial attributes or qualities upon; to
invoke or confer a blessing on, -- as on food.
Then he took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking up to
heaven, he blessed them. Luke ix. 16.

5. To make the sign of the cross upon; to cross (one's self).
[Archaic] Holinshed.

6. To guard; to keep; to protect. [Obs.]

7. To praise, or glorify; to extol for excellences.
Bless the Lord, O my soul: and all that is within me, bless his holy
name. Ps. ciii. 1.

8. To esteem or account happy; to felicitate.
The nations shall bless themselves in him. Jer. iv. 3.

9. To wave; to brandish. [Obs.]
And burning blades about their heads do bless. Spenser.
Round his armed head his trenchant blade he blest. Fairfax.

Note: This is an old sense of the word, supposed by Johnson, Nares,
and others, to have been derived from the old rite of blessing a
field by directing the hands to all parts of it. "In drawing [their
bow] some fetch such a compass as though they would turn about and
bless all the field." Ascham.

Bless me! Bless us! an exclamation of surprise. Milton.
 -- To bless from, to secure, defend, or preserve from. "Bless me
from marrying a usurer." Shak.
To bless the doors from nightly harm. Milton.
-- To bless with, To be blessed with, to favor or endow with; to be
favored or endowed with; as, God blesses us with health; we are
blessed with happiness.

BLESSED
Bless"ed, a.

1. Hallowed; consecrated; worthy of blessing or adoration; heavenly;
holy.
O, run; prevent them with thy humble ode, And lay it lowly at his
blessed feet. Milton.

2. Enjoying happiness or bliss; favored with blessings; happy; highly
favored.
All generations shall call me blessed. Luke i. 48.
Towards England's blessed shore. Shak.

3. Imparting happiness or bliss; fraught with happiness; blissful;
joyful. "Then was a blessed time." "So blessed a disposition." Shak.

4. Enjoying, or pertaining to, spiritual happiness, or heavenly
felicity; as, the blessed in heaven.
Reverenced like a blessed saint. Shak.
Cast out from God and blessed vision. Milton.

5. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Beatified.

6. Used euphemistically, ironically, or intensively.
Not a blessed man came to set her [a boat] free. R. D. Blackmore.

BLESSEDLY
Bless"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Happily; fortunately; joyfully.
We shall blessedly meet again never to depart. Sir P. Sidney.

BLESSEDNESS
Bless"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being blessed; happiness; felicity; bliss;
heavenly joys; the favor of God.
The assurance of a future blessedness. Tillotson.
Single blessedness, the unmarried state. "Grows, lives, and dies in
single blessedness." Shak.

Syn.
 -- Delight; beatitude; ecstasy. See Happiness.

BLESSED THISTLE
Bless"ed this"tle.

Defn: See under Thistle.

BLESSER
Bless"er, n.

Defn: One who blesses; one who bestows or invokes a blessing.

BLESSING
Bless"ing, n. Etym: [AS. bletsung. See Bless, v. t.]

1. The act of one who blesses.

2. A declaration of divine favor, or an invocation imploring divine
favor on some or something; a benediction; a wish of happiness
pronounces.
This is the blessing, where with Moses the man of God blessed the
children of Israel. Deut. xxxiii. 1.

3. A means of happiness; that which promotes prosperity and welfare;
a beneficent gift.
Nature's full blessings would be well dispensed. Milton.

4. (Bib.)

Defn: A gift. [A Hebraism] Gen. xxxiii. 11.

5. Grateful praise or worship.

BLEST
Blest, a.

Defn: Blessed. "This patriarch blest." Milton.
White these blest sounds my ravished ear assail. Trumbull.

BLET
Blet, n. Etym: [F. blet, blette, a., soft from over ripeness.]

Defn: A form of decay in fruit which is overripe.

BLETONISM
Ble"ton*ism, n.

Defn: The supposed faculty of perceiving subterraneous springs and
currents by sensation; -- so called from one Bleton, of France.

BLETTING
Blet"ting, n.

Defn: A form of decay seen in fleshy, overripe fruit. Lindley.

BLEW
Blew, imp.

Defn: of Blow.

BLEYME
Bleyme, n. Etym: [F. bleime.] (Far.)

Defn: An inflammation in the foot of a horse, between the sole and
the bone. [Obs.]

BLEYNTE
Bleyn"te, imp.

Defn: of Blench. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BLICKEY
Blick"ey, n. Etym: [D. blik tin.]

Defn: A tin dinner pail. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

BLIGHT
Blight, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Blighting.]
Etym: [Perh. contr. from AS. blicettan to glitter, fr. the same root
as E. bleak. The meaning "to blight" comes in that case from to
glitter, hence, to be white or pale, grow pale, make pale, bleach.
Cf. Bleach, Bleak.]

1. To affect with blight; to blast; to prevent the growth and
fertility of.
[This vapor] blasts vegetables, blights corn and fruit, and is
sometimes injurious even to man. Woodward.

2. Hence: To destroy the happiness of; to ruin; to mar essentially;
to frustrate; as, to blight one's prospects.
Seared in heart and lone and blighted. Byron.

BLIGHT
Blight, v. i.

Defn: To be affected by blight; to blast; as, this vine never
blights.

BLIGHT
Blight, n.

1. Mildew; decay; anything nipping or blasting; -- applied as a
general name to various injuries or diseases of plants, causing the
whole or a part to wither, whether occasioned by insects, fungi, or
atmospheric influences.

2. The act of blighting, or the state of being blighted; a withering
or mildewing, or a stoppage of growth in the whole or a part of a
plant, etc.

3. That which frustrates one's plans or withers one's hopes; that
which impairs or destroys.
A blight seemed to have fallen over our fortunes. Disraeli.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A downy species of aphis, or plant louse, destructive to fruit
trees, infesting both the roots and branches; -- also applied to
several other injurious insects.

5. pl.

Defn: A rashlike eruption on the human skin. [U. S.]

BLIGHTING
Blight"ing, a.

Defn: Causing blight.

BLIGHTINGLY
Blight"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to cause blight.

BLIMBI; BLIMBING
Blim"bi, Blim"bing, n.

Defn: See Bilimbi, etc.

BLIN
Blin, v. t. & i. Etym: [OE. blinnen, AS. blinnan; pref. be- + linnan
to cease.]

Defn: To stop; to cease; to desist. [Obs.] Spenser.

BLIN
Blin, n. Etym: [AS. blinn.]

Defn: Cessation; end. [Obs.]

BLIND
Blind, a. Etym: [AS.; akin to D., G., OS., Sw., & Dan. blind, Icel.
blindr, Goth. blinds; of uncertain origin.]

1. Destitute of the sense of seeing, either by natural defect or by
deprivation; without sight.
He that is strucken blind can not forget The precious treasure of his
eyesight lost. Shak.

2. Not having the faculty of discernment; destitute of intellectual
light; unable or unwilling to understand or judge; as, authors are
blind to their own defects.
But hard be hardened, blind be blinded more, That they may stumble
on, and deeper fall. Milton.

3. Undiscerning; undiscriminating; inconsiderate.
This plan is recommended neither to blind approbation nor to blind
reprobation. Jay.

4. Having such a state or condition as a thing would have to a person
who is blind; not well marked or easily discernible; hidden; unseen;
concealed; as, a blind path; a blind ditch.

5. Involved; intricate; not easily followed or traced.
The blind mazes of this tangled wood. Milton.

6. Having no openings for light or passage; as, a blind wall; open
only at one end; as, a blind alley; a blind gut.

7. Unintelligible, or not easily intelligible; as, a blind passage in
a book; illegible; as, blind writing.

8. (Hort.)

Defn: Abortive; failing to produce flowers or fruit; as, blind buds;
blind flowers. Blind alley, an alley closed at one end; a cul-de-sac.
 -- Blind axle, an axle which turns but does not communicate motion.
Knight.
 -- Blind beetle, one of the insects apt to fly against people, esp.
at night.
 -- Blind cat (Zoöl.), a species of catfish (Gronias nigrolabris),
nearly destitute of eyes, living in caverns in Pennsylvania.
 -- Blind coal, coal that burns without flame; anthracite coal.
Simmonds.
 -- Blind door, Blind window, an imitation of a door or window,
without an opening for passage or light. See Blank door or window,
under Blank, a.
 -- Blind level (Mining), a level or drainage gallery which has a
vertical shaft at each end, and acts as an inverted siphon. Knight.
 -- Blind nettle (Bot.), dead nettle. See Dead nettle, under Dead.
 -- Blind shell (Gunnery), a shell containing no charge, or one that
does not explode.
 -- Blind side, the side which is most easily assailed; a weak or
unguarded side; the side on which one is least able or disposed to
see danger. Swift.
 -- Blind snake (Zoöl.), a small, harmless, burrowing snake, of the
family Typhlopidæ, with rudimentary eyes.
 -- Blind spot (Anat.), the point in the retina of the eye where the
optic nerve enters, and which is insensible to light.
 -- Blind tooling, in bookbinding and leather work, the indented
impression of heated tools, without gilding; -- called also blank
tooling, and blind blocking.
 -- Blind wall, a wall without an opening; a blank wall.

BLIND
Blind, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blinded; p. pr. & vb. n. Blinding.]

1. To make blind; to deprive of sight or discernment. "To blind the
truth and me." Tennyson.
A blind guide is certainly a great mischief; but a guide that blinds
those whom he should lead is . . . a much greater. South.

2. To deprive partially of vision; to make vision difficult for and
painful to; to dazzle.
Her beauty all the rest did blind. P. Fletcher.

3. To darken; to obscure to the eye or understanding; to conceal; to
deceive.
Such darkness blinds the sky. Dryden.
The state of the controversy between us he endeavored, with all his
art, to blind and confound. Stillingfleet.

4. To cover with a thin coating of sand and fine gravel; as a road
newly paved, in order that the joints between the stones may be
filled.

BLIND
Blind, n.

1. Something to hinder sight or keep out light; a screen; a cover;
esp. a hinged screen or shutter for a window; a blinder for a horse.

2. Something to mislead the eye or the understanding, or to conceal
some covert deed or design; a subterfuge.

3. Etym: [Cf. F. blindes, pblende, fr. blenden to blind, fr. blind
blind.] (Mil.)

Defn: A blindage. See Blindage.

4. A halting place. [Obs.] Dryden.

BLIND; BLINDE
Blind, Blinde, n.

Defn: See Blende.

BLINDAGE
Blind"age, n. Etym: [Cf. F. blindage.] (Mil.)

Defn: A cover or protection for an advanced trench or approach,
formed of fascines and earth supported by a framework.

BLINDER
Blind"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, blinds.

2. (Saddlery)

Defn: One of the leather screens on a bridle, to hinder a horse from
seeing objects at the side; a blinker.

BLINDFISH
Blind"fish` (, n.

Defn: A small fish (Amblyopsis spelæus) destitute of eyes, found in
the waters of the Mammoth Cave, in Kentucky. Related fishes from
other caves take the same name.

BLINDFOLD
Blind"fold`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blindfolded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Blindfolding.] Etym: [OE. blindfolden, blindfelden, blindfellen; AS.
blind blind + prob. fellan, fyllan, to fell, strike down.]

Defn: To cover the eyes of, as with a bandage; to hinder from seeing.
And when they had blindfolded him, they struck him on the face. Luke
xxii. 64.

BLINDFOLD
Blind"fold`, a.

Defn: Having the eyes covered; blinded; having the mental eye
darkened. Hence: Heedless; reckless; as, blindfold zeal; blindfold
fury.
Fate's blindfold reign the atheist loudly owns. Dryden.

BLINDING
Blind"ing, a.

Defn: Making blind or as if blind; depriving of sight or of
understanding; obscuring; as, blinding tears; blinding snow.

BLINDING
Blind"ing, n.

Defn: A thin coating of sand and fine gravel over a newly paved road.
See Blind, v. t., 4.

BLINDLY
Blind"ly, adv.

Defn: Without sight, discernment, or understanding; without thought,
investigation, knowledge, or purpose of one's own.
By his imperious mistress blindly led. Dryden.

BLINDMAN'S BUFF
Blind"man's buff" (. Etym: [See Buff a buffet.]

Defn: A play in which one person is blindfolded, and tries to catch
some one of the company and tell who it is.
Surely he fancies I play at blindman's buff with him, for he thinks I
never have my eyes open. Stillingfleet.

BLINDMAN'S HOLIDAY
Blind`man's hol"i*day.

Defn: The time between daylight and candle light. [Humorous]

BLINDNESS
Blind"ness, n.

Defn: State or condition of being blind, literally or figuratively.
Darwin. Color blindness, inability to distinguish certain color. See
Daltonism.

BLIND READER
Blind reader.

Defn: A post-office clerk whose duty is to decipher obscure
addresses.

BLINDSTORY
Blind"sto`ry, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The triforium as opposed to the clearstory.

BLINDWORM
Blind"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, burrowing, snakelike, limbless lizard (Anguis
fragilis), with minute eyes, popularly believed to be blind; the
slowworm; -- formerly a name for the adder.
Newts and blindworms do no wrong. Shak.

BLINK
Blink, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Blinked; p. pr. & vb. n. Blinking.] Etym:
[OE. blenken; akin to dan. blinke, Sw. blinka, G. blinken to shine,
glance, wink, twinkle, D. blinken to shine; and prob. to D. blikken
to glance, twinkle, G. blicken to look, glance, AS. blican to shine,
E. bleak. sq. root98. See Bleak; cf. 1st Blench.]

1. To wink; to twinkle with, or as with, the eye.
One eye was blinking, and one leg was lame. Pope

2. To see with the eyes half shut, or indistinctly and with frequent
winking, as a person with weak eyes.
Show me thy chink, to blink through with mine eyne. Shak.

3. To shine, esp. with intermittent light; to twinkle; to flicker; to
glimmer, as a lamp.
The dew was falling fast, the stars began to blink. Wordsworth.
The sun blinked fair on pool and stream . Sir W. Scott.

4. To turn slightly sour, as beer, mild, etc.

BLINK
Blink, v. t.

1. To shut out of sight; to avoid, or purposely evade; to shirk; as,
to blink the question.

2. To trick; to deceive. [Scot.] Jamieson.

BLINK
Blink, n. Etym: [OE. blink. See Blink, v. i. ]

1. A glimpse or glance.
This is the first blink that ever I had of him. Bp. Hall.

2. Gleam; glimmer; sparkle. Sir W. Scott.
Not a blink of light was there. Wordsworth.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The dazzling whiteness about the horizon caused by the
reflection of light from fields of ice at sea; ice blink.

4. pl. Etym: [Cf. Blencher.] (Sporting)

Defn: Boughs cast where deer are to pass, to turn or check them.
[Prov. Eng.]

BLINKARD
Blink"ard, n. Etym: [Blind + -ard.]

1. One who blinks with, or as with, weak eyes.
Among the blind the one-eyed blinkard reigns. Marvell.

2. That which twinkles or glances, as a dim star, which appears and
disappears. Hakewill.

BLINK BEER
Blink" beer` (

Defn: Beer kept unbroached until it is sharp. Crabb.

BLINKER
Blink"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, blinks.

2. A blinder for horses; a flap of leather on a horse's bridle to
prevent him from seeing objects as his side hence, whatever obstructs
sight or discernment.
Nor bigots who but one way see, through blinkers of authority. M.
Green.

3. pl.

Defn: A kind of goggles, used to protect the eyes form glare, etc.

BLINK-EYED
Blink"-eyed` (, a.

Defn: Habitually winking. Marlowe.

BLIRT
Blirt, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A gust of wind and rain. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

BLISS
Bliss, n.; pl. Blisses. Etym: [OE. blis, blisse, AS. blis, bli, fr.
bli blithe. See Blithe.]

Defn: Orig., blithesomeness; gladness; now, the highest degree of
happiness; blessedness; exalted felicity; heavenly joy.
An then at last our bliss Full and perfect is. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Blessedness; felicity; beatitude; happiness; joy; enjoyment. See
Happiness.

BLISSFUL
Bliss"ful, a.

Defn: Full of, characterized by, or causing, joy and felicity; happy
in the highest degree. "Blissful solitude." Milton.
 -- Bliss"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Bliss"ful*ness, n.

BLISSLESS
Bliss"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of bliss. Sir P. Sidney.

BLISSOM
Blis"som, v. i. Etym: [For blithesome: but cf. also Icel. bl of a
goat at heat.]

Defn: To be lustful; to be lascivious. [Obs.]

BLISSOM
Blis"som, a.

Defn: Lascivious; also, in heat; -- said of ewes.

BLISTER
Blis"ter, n. Etym: [OE.; akin to OD. bluyster, fr. the same root as
blast, bladder, blow. See Blow to eject wind.]

1. A vesicle of the skin, containing watery matter or serum, whether
occasioned by a burn or other injury, or by a vesicatory; a
collection of serous fluid causing a bladderlike elevation of the
cuticle.
And painful blisters swelled my tender hands. Grainger.

2. Any elevation made by the separation of the film or skin, as on
plants; or by the swelling of the substance at the surface, as on
steel.

3. A vesicatory; a plaster of Spanish flies, or other matter, applied
to raise a blister. Dunglison. Blister beetle, a beetle used to raise
blisters, esp. the Lytta (or Cantharis) vesicatoria, called Cantharis
or Spanish fly by druggists. See Cantharis.
 -- Blister fly, a blister beetle.
 -- Blister plaster, a plaster designed to raise a blister; --
usually made of Spanish flies.
 -- Blister steel, crude steel formed from wrought iron by
cementation; -- so called because of its blistered surface. Called
also blistered steel.
 -- Blood blister. See under Blood.

BLISTER
Blis"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Blistered; p. pr. & vb. n. Blistering.]

Defn: To be affected with a blister or blisters; to have a blister
form on.
Let my tongue blister. Shak.

BLISTER
Blis"ter, v. t.

1. To raise a blister or blisters upon.
My hands were blistered. Franklin.

2. To give pain to, or to injure, as if by a blister.
This tyrant, whose sole name blisters our tongue. Shak.

BLISTERY
Blis"ter*y, a.

Defn: Full of blisters. Hooker.

BLITE
Blite, n. Etym: [L. blitum, Gr. .] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbs (Blitum) with a fleshy calyx. Blitum capitatum
is the strawberry blite.

BLITHE
Blithe, a. Etym: [AS. bli blithe, kind; akin to Goth. blei kind,
Icel. bli mild, gentle, Dan. & Sw. blid gentle, D. blijd blithe, OHG.
blidi kind, blithe.]

Defn: Gay; merry; sprightly; joyous; glad; cheerful; as, a blithe
spirit.
The blithe sounds of festal music. Prescott.
A daughter fair, So buxom, blithe, and debonair. Milton.

BLITHEFUL
Blithe"ful, a.

Defn: Gay; full of gayety; joyous.

BLITHELY
Blithe"ly, adv.

Defn: In a blithe manner.

BLITHENESS
Blithe"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being blithe. Chaucer.

BLITHESOME
Blithe"some, a.

Defn: Cheery; gay; merry.
The blithesome sounds of wassail gay. Sir W. Scott.
-- Blithe"some*ly, adv.
 -- Blithe"some*ness, n.

BLIVE
Blive, adv. Etym: [A contraction of Belive.]

Defn: Quickly; forthwith. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BLIZZARD
Bliz"zard, n. Etym: [Cf. Blaze to flash. Formerly, in local use, a
rattling volley; cf. "to blaze away" to fire away.]

Defn: A gale of piercingly cold wind, usually accompanied with fine
and blinding snow; a furious blast. [U. S.]

BLOAT
Bloat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bloated; p. pr. & vb. n. Bloating.] Etym:
[Cf. Icel. blotna to become soft, blautr soft, wet, Sw. blöt soft,
blöta to soak; akin to G. bloss bare, and AS. bleát wretched; or
perh. fr. root of Eng. 5th blow. Cf. Blote.]

1. To make turgid, as with water or air; to cause a swelling of the
surface of, from effusion of serum in the cellular tissue, producing
a morbid enlargement, often accompanied with softness.

2. To inflate; to puff up; to make vain. Dryden.

BLOAT
Bloat, v. i.

Defn: To grow turgid as by effusion of liquid in the cellular tissue;
to puff out; to swell. Arbuthnot.

BLOAT
Bloat, a.

Defn: Bloated. [R.] Shak.

BLOAT
Bloat, n.

Defn: A term of contempt for a worthless, dissipated fellow. [Slang]

BLOAT
Bloat, v. t.

Defn: To dry (herrings) in smoke. See Blote.

BLOATED
Bloat"ed, p. a.

Defn: Distended beyond the natural or usual size, as by the presence
of water, serum, etc.; turgid; swollen; as, a bloated face. Also,
puffed up with pride; pompous.

BLOATEDNESS
Bloat"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being bloated.

BLOATER
Bloat"er, n. Etym: [See Bloat, Blote.]

Defn: The common herring, esp. when of large size, smoked, and half
dried; -- called also bloat herring.

BLOB
Blob, n. Etym: [See Bleb.]

1. Something blunt and round; a small drop or lump of something
viscid or thick; a drop; a bubble; a blister. Wright.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small fresh-water fish (Uranidea Richardsoni); the miller's
thumb.

BLOBBER
Blob"ber, n. Etym: [See Blubber, Blub.]

Defn: A bubble; blubber. [Low] T. Carew. Blobber lip, a thick,
protruding lip.
His blobber lips and beetle brows commend. Dryden.

BLOBBER-LIPPED
Blob"ber-lipped`, a.

Defn: Having thick lips. "A blobber-lipped shell." Grew.

BLOCAGE
Blo*cage", n. Etym: [F.] (Arch.)

Defn: The roughest and cheapest sort of rubblework, in masonry.

BLOCK
Block, n. Etym: [OE. blok; cf. F. bloc (fr. OHG.), D. & Dan. blok,
Sw. & G. block, OHG. bloch. There is also an OHG. bloch, biloh; bi by
+ the same root as that of E. lock. Cf. Block, v. t., Blockade, and
see Lock.]

1. A piece of wood more or less bulky; a solid mass of wood, stone,
etc., usually with one or more plane, or approximately plane, faces;
as, a block on which a butcher chops his meat; a block by which to
mount a horse; children's playing blocks, etc.
Now all our neighbors' chimneys smoke, And Christmas blocks are
burning. Wither.
All her labor was but as a block Left in the quarry. Tennyson.

2. The solid piece of wood on which condemned persons lay their necks
when they are beheaded.
Noble heads which have been brought to the block. E. Everett.

3. The wooden mold on which hats, bonnets, etc., are shaped. Hence:
The pattern on shape of a hat.
He wears his faith but as the fashion of his hat; it ever changes
with the next block. Shak.

4. A large or long building divided into separate houses or shops, or
a number of houses or shops built in contact with each other so as to
form one building; a row of houses or shops.

5. A square, or portion of a city inclosed by streets, whether
occupied by buildings or not.
The new city was laid out in rectangular blocks, each block
containing thirty building lots. Such an average block, comprising
282 houses and covering nine acres of ground, exists in Oxford
Street. Lond. Quart. Rev.

6. A grooved pulley or sheave incased in a frame or shell which is
provided with a hook, eye, or strap, by which it may be attached to
an object. It is used to change the direction of motion, as in
raising a heavy object that can not be conveniently reached, and
also, when two or more such sheaves are compounded, to change the
rate of motion, or to exert increased force; -- used especially in
the rigging of ships, and in tackles.

7. (Falconry)

Defn: The perch on which a bird of prey is kept.

8. Any obstruction, or cause of obstruction; a stop; a hindrance; an
obstacle; as, a block in the way.

9. A piece of box or other wood for engravers' work.

10. (Print.)

Defn: A piece of hard wood (as mahogany or cherry) on which a
stereotype or electrotype plate is mounted to make it type high.

11. A blockhead; a stupid fellow; a dolt. [Obs.]
What a block art thou ! Shak.

12. A section of a railroad where the block system is used. See Block
system, below. A block of shares (Stock Exchange), a large number of
shares in a stock company, sold in a lump. Bartlett.
 -- Block printing. (a) A mode of printing (common in China and
Japan) from engraved boards by means of a sheet of paper laid on the
linked surface and rubbed with a brush. S. W. Williams. (b) A method
of printing cotton cloth and paper hangings with colors, by pressing
them upon an engraved surface coated with coloring matter.
 -- Block system on railways, a system by which the track is divided
into sections of three or four miles, and trains are so run by the
guidance of electric signals that no train enters a section or block
before the preceding train has left it.

BLOCK
Block, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blocked; p. pr. & vb. n. Blocking.] Etym:
[Cf. F. bloquer, fr. bloc block. See Block, n.]

1. To obstruct so as to prevent passage or progress; to prevent
passage from, through, or into, by obstructing the way; -- used both
of persons and things; -- often followed by up; as, to block up a
road or harbor.
With moles . . . would block the port. Rowe.
A city . . . besieged and blocked about. Milton.

2. To secure or support by means of blocks; to secure, as two boards
at their angles of intersection, by pieces of wood glued to each.

3. To shape on, or stamp with, a block; as, to block a hat. To block
out, to begin to reduce to shape; to mark out roughly; to lay out;
as, to block out a plan.

BLOCKADE
Block*ade", n. Etym: [Cf. It. bloccata. See Block, v. t. ]

1. The shutting up of a place by troops or ships, with the purpose of
preventing ingress or egress, or the reception of supplies; as, the
blockade of the ports of an enemy.

Note: Blockade is now usually applied to an investment with ships or
vessels, while siege is used of an investment by land forces. To
constitute a blockade, the investing power must be able to apply its
force to every point of practicable access, so as to render it
dangerous to attempt to enter; and there is no blockade of that port
where its force can not be brought to bear. Kent.

2. An obstruction to passage. To raise a blockade. See under Raise.

BLOCKADE
Block*ade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blockaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Blockading.]

1. To shut up, as a town or fortress, by investing it with troops or
vessels or war for the purpose of preventing ingress or egress, or
the introduction of supplies. See note under Blockade, n. "Blockaded
the place by sea." Gilpin.

2. Hence, to shut in so as to prevent egress.
Till storm and driving ice blockade him there. Wordsworth.

3. To obstruct entrance to or egress from.
Huge bales of British cloth blockade the door. Pope.

BLOCKADER
Block*ad"er, n.

1. One who blockades.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel employed in blockading.

BLOCKAGE
Block"age, n.

Defn: The act of blocking up; the state of being blocked up.

BLOCK BOOK
Block" book` (.

Defn: A book printed from engraved wooden blocks instead of movable
types.

BLOCK CHAIN
Block chain. (Mach.)

Defn: A chain in which the alternate links are broad blocks connected
by thin side links pivoted to the ends of the blocks, used with
sprocket wheels to transmit power, as in a bicycle.

BLOCKHEAD
Block"head` (, n. Etym: [Block + head.]

Defn: A stupid fellow; a dolt; a person deficient in understanding.
The bookful blockhead, ignorantly read, With loads of learned lumber
in his head. Pope.

BLOCKHEADED
Block"head`ed, a.

Defn: Stupid; dull.

BLOCKHEADISM
Block"head*ism, n.

Defn: That which characterizes a blockhead; stupidity. Carlyle.

BLOCKHOUSE
Block"house` (, n. Etym: [Block + house: cf. G. blockhaus.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: An edifice or structure of heavy timbers or logs for military
defense, having its sides loopholed for musketry, and often an upper
story projecting over the lower, or so placed upon it as to have its
sides make an angle wit the sides of the lower story, thus enabling
the defenders to fire downward, and in all directions; -- formerly
much used in America and Germany.

2. A house of squared logs. [West. & South. U. S.]

BLOCKING
Block"ing, n.

1. The act of obstructing, supporting, shaping, or stamping with a
block or blocks.

2. Blocks used to support (a building, etc.) temporarily.

BLOCKING COURSE
Block"ing course` (. (Arch.)

Defn: The finishing course of a wall showing above a cornice.

BLOCKISH
Block"ish, a.

Defn: Like a block; deficient in understanding; stupid; dull.
"Blockish Ajax." Shak.
 -- Block"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Block"ish*ness, n.

BLOCKLIKE
Block"like` (, a.

Defn: Like a block; stupid.

BLOCK SIGNAL
Block signal. (Railroads)

Defn: One of the danger signals or safety signals which guide the
movement of trains in a block system. The signal is often so coupled
with a switch that act of opening or closing the switch operates the
signal also.

BLOCK SYSTEM
Block system. (Railroads)

Defn: A system by which the track is divided into short sections, as
of three or four miles, and trains are so run by the guidance of
electric, or combined electric and pneumatic, signals that no train
enters a section or block until the preceding train has left it, as
in absolute blocking, or that a train may be allowed to follow
another into a block as long as it proceeds with excessive caution,
as in permissive blocking.

BLOCK TIN
Block" tin` (.

Defn: See under Tin.

BLOEDITE
Bloe"dite, n. Etym: [From the chemist Blöde.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous sulphate of magnesium and sodium.

BLOLLY
Blol"ly, n. (Bot.)
 (a) A shrub or small tree of southern Florida and the West Indies
(Pisonia obtusata) with smooth oval leaves and a hard, 10-ribbed
fruit.
 (b) The rubiaceous shrub Chicocca racemosa, of the same region.

BLOMARY
Blom"a*ry, n.

Defn: See Bloomery.

BLONCKET; BLONKET
Blonc"ket, Blon"ket, a. Etym: [OF. blanquet whitish, dim. of blanc
white. Cf. Blanket.]

Defn: Gray; bluish gray. [Obs.]
Our bloncket liveries been all too sad. Spenser.

BLOND; BLONDE
Blond, Blonde, a. Etym: [F., fair, light, of uncertain origin; cf.
AS. blonden-feax gray-haired, old, prop. blended-haired, as a mixture
of white and brown or black. See Blend, v. t. ]

Defn: Of a fair color; light-colored; as, blond hair; a blond
complexion.

BLONDE
Blonde, n. Etym: [F.]

1. A person of very fair complexion, with light hair and light blue
eyes. [Written also blond.]

2. Etym: [So called from its color.]

Defn: A kind of silk lace originally of the color of raw silk, now
sometimes dyed; -- called also blond lace.

BLOND METAL
Blond" met`al.

Defn: A variety of clay ironstone, in Staffordshire, England, used
for making tools.

BLONDNESS
Blond"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being blond. G. Eliot.

BLOOD
Blood, n. Etym: [OE. blod, blood, AS. bl; akin to D. bloed, OHG.
bluot, G. blut, Goth, bl, Sw. & Dan. blod; prob. fr. the same root as
E. blow to bloom. See Blow to bloom.]

1. The fluid which circulates in the principal vascular system of
animals, carrying nourishment to all parts of the body, and bringing
away waste products to be excreted. See under Arterial.

Note: The blood consists of a liquid, the plasma, containing minute
particles, the blood corpuscles. In the invertebrate animals it is
usually nearly colorless, and contains only one kind of corpuscles;
but in all vertebrates, except Amphioxus, it contains some colorless
corpuscles, with many more which are red and give the blood its
uniformly red color. See Corpuscle, Plasma.

2. Relationship by descent from a common ancestor; consanguinity;
kinship.
To share the blood of Saxon royalty. Sir W. Scott.
A friend of our own blood. Waller.
Half blood (Law), relationship through only one parent.
 -- Whole blood, relationship through both father and mother. In
American Law, blood includes both half blood, and whole blood.
Bouvier. Peters.

3. Descent; lineage; especially, honorable birth; the highest royal
lineage.
Give us a prince of blood, a son of Priam. Shak.
I am a gentleman of blood and breeding. Shak.

4. (Stock Breeding)

Defn: Descent from parents of recognized breed; excellence or purity
of breed.

Note: In stock breeding half blood is descent showing one half only
of pure breed. Blue blood, full blood, or warm blood, is the same as
blood.

5. The fleshy nature of man.
Nor gives it satisfaction to our blood. Shak.

6. The shedding of blood; the taking of life, murder; manslaughter;
destruction.
So wills the fierce, avenging sprite, Till blood for blood atones.
Hood.

7. A bloodthirsty or murderous disposition. [R.]
He was a thing of blood, whose every motion Was timed with dying
cries. Shak.

8. Temper of mind; disposition; state of the passions; -- as if the
blood were the seat of emotions.
When you perceive his blood inclined to mirth. Shak.

Note: Often, in this sense, accompanied with bad, cold, warm, or
other qualifying word. Thus, to commit an act in cold blood, is to do
it deliberately, and without sudden passion; to do it in bad blood,
is to do it in anger. Warm blood denotes a temper inflamed or
irritated. To warm or heat the blood is to excite the passions.
Qualified by up, excited feeling or passion is signified; as, my
blood was up.

9. A man of fire or spirit; a fiery spark; a gay, showy man; a rake.
Seest thou not . . . how giddily 'a turns about all the hot bloods
between fourteen and five and thirty Shak.
It was the morning costume of a dandy or blood. Thackeray.

10. The juice of anything, especially if red.
He washed . . . his clothes in the blood of grapes. Gen. xiix. 11.

Note: Blood is often used as an adjective, and as the first part of
self-explaining compound words; as, blood-bespotted, blood-bought,
blood-curdling, blood-dyed, blood-red, blood-spilling, blood-stained,
blood-warm, blood-won. Blood baptism (Eccl. Hist.), the martyrdom of
those who had not been baptized. They were considered as baptized in
blood, and this was regarded as a full substitute for literal
baptism.
 -- Blood blister, a blister or bleb containing blood or bloody
serum, usually caused by an injury.
 -- Blood brother, brother by blood or birth.
 -- Blood clam (Zoöl.), a bivalve mollusk of the genus Arca and
allied genera, esp. Argina pexata of the American coast. So named
from the color of its flesh.
 -- Blood corpuscle. See Corpuscle.
 -- Blood crystal (Physiol.), one of the crystals formed by the
separation in a crystalline form of the hæmoglobin of the red blood
corpuscles; hæmatocrystallin. All blood does not yield blood
crystals.
 -- Blood heat, heat equal to the temperature of human blood, or
about 98½ º Fahr.
 -- Blood horse, a horse whose blood or lineage is derived from the
purest and most highly prized origin or stock.
 -- Blood money. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Blood orange, an orange with dark red pulp.
 -- Blood poisoning (Med.), a morbid state of the blood caused by the
introduction of poisonous or infective matters from without, or the
absorption or retention of such as are produced in the body itself;
toxæmia.
 -- Blood pudding, a pudding made of blood and other materials.
 -- Blood relation, one connected by blood or descent.
 -- Blood spavin. See under Spavin.
 -- Blood vessel. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Blue blood, the blood of noble or aristocratic families, which,
according to a Spanish prover , has in it a tinge of blue; -- hence,
a member of an old and aristocratic family.
 -- Flesh and blood. (a) A blood relation, esp. a child. (b) Human
nature.
 -- In blood (Hunting), in a state of perfect health and vigor. Shak.
 -- To let blood. See under Let.
 -- Prince of the blood, the son of a sovereign, or the issue of a
royal family. The sons, brothers, and uncles of the sovereign are
styled princes of the blood royal; and the daughters, sisters, and
aunts are princesses of the blood royal.

BLOOD
Blood, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blooded; p. pr. & vb. n. Blooding.]

1. To bleed. [Obs.] Cowper.

2. To stain, smear or wet, with blood. [Archaic]
Reach out their spears afar, And blood their points. Dryden.

3. To give (hounds or soldiers) a first taste or sight of blood, as
in hunting or war.
It was most important too that his troops should be blooded.
Macaulay.

4. To heat the blood of; to exasperate. [Obs.]
The auxiliary forces of the French and English were much blooded one
against another. Bacon.

BLOODBIRD
Blood"bird` (, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Australian honeysucker (Myzomela sanguineolata); -- so
called from the bright red color of the male bird.

BLOOD-BOLTERED
Blood"-bol`tered, a. Etym: [Blood + Prov. E. bolter to mat in tufts.
Cf. Balter.]

Defn: Having the hair matted with clotted blood. [Obs. & R.]
The blood-boltered Banquo smiles upon me. Shak.

BLOODED
Blood"ed, a.

Defn: Having pure blood, or a large admixture or pure blood; of
approved breed; of the best stock.

Note: Used also in composition in phrases indicating a particular
condition or quality of blood; as, cold-blooded; warm-blooded.

BLOODFLOWER
Blood"flow`er, n. Etym: [From the color of the flower.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of bulbous plants, natives of Southern Africa, named
Hæmanthus, of the Amaryllis family. The juice of H. toxicarius is
used by the Hottentots to poison their arrows.

BLOODGUILTY
Blood"guilt`y, a.

Defn: Guilty of murder or bloodshed. "A bloodguilty life." Fairfax.
 -- Blood"guilt`i*ness (, n.
 -- Blood"guilt`less, a.

BLOODHOUND
Blood"hound` (, n.

Defn: A breed of large and powerful dogs, with long, smooth, and
pendulous ears, and remarkable for acuteness of smell. It is employed
to recover game or prey which has escaped wounded from a hunter, and
for tracking criminals. Formerly it was used for pursuing runaway
slaves. Other varieties of dog are often used for the same purpose
and go by the same name. The Cuban bloodhound is said to be a variety
of the mastiff.

BLOODILY
Blood"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a bloody manner; cruelly; with a disposition to shed blood.

BLOODINESS
Blood"i*ness, n.

1. The state of being bloody.

2. Disposition to shed blood; bloodthirstiness.
All that bloodiness and savage cruelty which was in our nature.
Holland.

BLOODLESS
Blood"less, a. Etym: [AS. bl.]

1. Destitute of blood, or apparently so; as, bloodless cheeks;
lifeless; dead.
The bloodless carcass of my Hector sold. Dryden.

2. Not attended with shedding of blood, or slaughter; as, a bloodless
victory. Froude.

3. Without spirit or activity.
Thou bloodless remnant of that royal blood ! Shak.
-- Blood"less*ly, adv.
 -- Blood"less*ness, n.

BLOODLET
Blood"let` (, v. t. Etym: [AS. bl; bl blood + l to let.]

Defn: bleed; to let blood. Arbuthnot.

BLOODLETTER
Blood"let`ter, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, lets blood; a phlebotomist.

BLOODLETTING
Blood"let`ting, n. (Med.)

Defn: The act or process of letting blood or bleeding, as by opening
a vein or artery, or by cupping or leeches; -- esp. applied to
venesection.

BLOOD MONEY
Blood" mon`ey.

1. Money paid to the next of kin of a person who has been killed by
another.

2. Money obtained as the price, or at the cost, of another's life; --
said of a reward for supporting a capital charge, of money obtained
for betraying a fugitive or for committing murder, or of money
obtained from the sale of that which will destroy the purchaser.

BLOODROOT
Blood"root` (, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Sanguinaria Canadensis), with a red root and red sap,
and bearing a pretty, white flower in early spring; -- called also
puccoon, redroot, bloodwort, tetterwort, turmeric, and Indian paint.
It has acrid emetic properties, and the rootstock is used as a
stimulant expectorant. See Sanguinaria.

Note: In England the name is given to the tormentil, once used as a
remedy for dysentery.

BLOODSHED
Blood"shed` (, n. Etym: [Blood + shed]

Defn: The shedding or spilling of blood; slaughter; the act of
shedding human blood, or taking life, as in war, riot, or murder.

BLOODSHEDDER
Blood"shed`der, n.

Defn: One who sheds blood; a manslayer; a murderer.

BLOODSHEDDING
Blood"shed`ding, n.

Defn: Bloodshed. Shak.

BLOODSHOT
Blood"shot` (, a. Etym: [Blood + shot, p. p. of shoot to variegate.]

Defn: Red and inflamed; suffused with blood, or having the vessels
turgid with blood, as when the conjunctiva is inflamed or irritated.
His eyes were bloodshot, . . . and his hair disheveled. Dickens.

BLOOD-SHOTTEN
Blood"-shot`ten, a.

Defn: Bloodshot. [Obs.]

BLOODSTICK
Blood"stick", n. (Far.)

Defn: A piece of hard wood loaded at one end with lead, and used to
strike the fleam into the vein. Youatt.

BLOODSTONE
Blood"stone` (, n. (Min.)
(a) A green siliceous stone sprinkled with red jasper, as if with
blood; hence the name; -- called also heliotrope.
(b) Hematite, an ore of iron yielding a blood red powder or "streak."

BLOODSTROKE
Blood"stroke` (, n. Etym: [Cf. F. coup de sang.]

Defn: Loss of sensation and motion from hemorrhage or congestion in
the brain. Dunglison.

BLOODSUCKER
Blood"suck`er, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any animal that sucks blood; esp., the leech (Hirudo
medicinalis), and related species.

2. One who sheds blood; a cruel, bloodthirsty man; one guilty of
bloodshed; a murderer. [Obs.] Shak.

3. A hard and exacting master, landlord, or money lender; an
extortioner.

BLOODTHIRSTY
Blood"thirst`y, a.

Defn: Eager to shed blood; cruel; sanguinary; murderous.
 -- Blood"thirst`i*ness (n.

BLOODULF
Blood"ulf, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European bullfinch.

BLOOD VESSEL
Blood" ves`sel. (Anat.)

Defn: Any vessel or canal in which blood circulates in an animal, as
an artery or vein.

BLOODWITE; BLOODWIT
Blood"wite`, Blood"wit` (, n. Etym: [AS. bl; bl blood, + wite wite,
fine.] (Anc. Law)

Defn: A fine or amercement paid as a composition for the shedding of
blood; also, a riot wherein blood was spilled.

BLOODWOOD
Blood"wood, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tree having the wood or the sap of the color of blood.

Note: Norfolk Island bloodwood is a euphorbiaceous tree (Baloghia
lucida), from which the sap is collected for use as a plant. Various
other trees have the name, chiefly on account of the color of the
wood, as Gordonia Hæmatoxylon of Jamaica, and several species of
Australian Eucalyptus; also the true logwood ( Hæmatoxylon
campechianum).

BLOODWORT
Blood"wort` (, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant, Rumex sanguineus, or bloody-veined dock. The name is
applied also to bloodroot (Sanguinaria Canadensis), and to an
extensive order of plants (Hæmodoraceæ), the roots of many species of
which contain a red coloring matter useful in dyeing.

BLOODY
Blood"y, a. Etym: [AS. bl.]

1. Containing or resembling blood; of the nature of blood; as, bloody
excretions; bloody sweat.

2. Smeared or stained with blood; as, bloody hands; a bloody
handkerchief.

3. Given, or tending, to the shedding of blood; having a cruel,
savage disposition; murderous; cruel.
Some bloody passion shakes your very frame. Shak.

4. Attended with, or involving, bloodshed; sanguinary; esp., marked
by great slaughter or cruelty; as, a bloody battle.

5. Infamous; contemptible; -- variously used for mere emphasis or as
a low epithet. [Vulgar] Thackeray.

BLOODY
Blood"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bloodied (; p. pr. & vb. n. Bloodying.]

Defn: To stain with blood. Overbury.

BLOODYBONES
Blood"y*bones` (, n.

Defn: A terrible bugbear.

BLOODY FLUX
Blood"y flux`.

Defn: The dysentery, a disease in which the flux or discharge from
the bowels has a mixture of blood. Arbuthnot.

BLOODY HAND
Blood"y hand` (.

1. A hand stained with the blood of a deer, which, in the old forest
laws of England, was sufficient evidence of a man's trespass in the
forest against venison. Jacob.

2. (Her.)

Defn: A red hand, as in the arms of Ulster, which is now the
distinguishing mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom.

BLOODY-MINDED
Blood"y-mind"ed, a.

Defn: Having a cruel, ferocious disposition; bloodthirsty. Dryden.

BLOODY SWEAT
Blood"y sweat` (.

Defn: A sweat accompanied by a discharge of blood; a disease, called
sweating sickness, formerly prevalent in England and other countries.

BLOOM
Bloom, n. Etym: [OE. blome, fr. Icel. bl, bl; akin to Sw. blom, Goth.
bl, OS. bl, D. bloem, OHG. bluomo, bluoma, G. blume; fr. the same
root as AS. bl to blow, blossom. See Blow to bloom, and cf. Blossom.]

1. A blossom; the flower of a plant; an expanded bud; flowers,
collectively.
The rich blooms of the tropics. Prescott.

2. The opening of flowers in general; the state of blossoming or of
having the flowers open; as, the cherry trees are in bloom. "Sight of
vernal bloom." Milton.

3. A state or time of beauty, freshness, and vigor; an opening to
higher perfection, analogous to that of buds into blossoms; as, the
bloom of youth.
Every successive mother has transmitted a fainter bloom, a more
delicate and briefer beauty. Hawthorne.

4. The delicate, powdery coating upon certain growing or newly-
gathered fruits or leaves, as on grapes, plums, etc. Hence: Anything
giving an appearance of attractive freshness; a flush; a glow.
A new, fresh, brilliant world, with all the bloom upon it. Thackeray.

5. The clouded appearance which varnish sometimes takes upon the
surface of a picture.

6. A yellowish deposit or powdery coating which appears on well-
tanned leather. Knight.

7. (Min.)

Defn: A popular term for a bright-hued variety of some minerals; as,
the rose-red cobalt bloom.

BLOOM
Bloom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bloomed; p. pr. & vb. n. Blooming.]

1. To produce or yield blossoms; to blossom; to flower or be in
flower.
A flower which once In Paradise, fast by the tree of life, Began to
bloom. Milton.

2. To be in a state of healthful, growing youth and vigor; to show
beauty and freshness, as of flowers; to give promise, as by or with
flowers.
A better country blooms to view,
Beneath a brighter sky. Logan.

BLOOM
Bloom, v. t.

1. To cause to blossom; to make flourish. [R.]
Charitable affection bloomed them. Hooker.

2. To bestow a bloom upon; to make blooming or radiant. [R.] Milton.
While barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day. Keats.

BLOOM
Bloom, n. Etym: [AS. bl a mass or lump, isenes bl a lump or wedge of
iron.] (Metal.)
(a) A mass of wrought iron from the Catalan forge or from the
puddling furnace, deprived of its dross, and shaped usually in the
form of an oblong block by shingling.
(b) A large bar of steel formed directly from an ingot by hammering
or rolling, being a preliminary shape for further working.

BLOOMARY
Bloom"a*ry, n.

Defn: See Bloomery.

BLOOMER
Bloom"er, n. Etym: [From Mrs. Bloomer, an American, who sought to
introduce this style of dress.]

1. A costume for women, consisting of a short dress, with loose
trousers gathered round ankles, and (commonly) a broad-brimmed hat.

2. A woman who wears a Bloomer costume.

BLOOMERY
Bloom"er*y, n. (Manuf.)

Defn: A furnace and forge in which wrought iron in the form of blooms
is made directly from the ore, or (more rarely) from cast iron.

BLOOMING
Bloom"ing, n. (Metal.)

Defn: The process of making blooms from the ore or from cast iron.

BLOOMING
Bloom"ing, a.

1. Opening in blossoms; flowering.

2. Thriving in health, beauty, and vigor; indicating the freshness
and beauties of youth or health.

BLOOMINGLY
Bloom"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a blooming manner.

BLOOMINGNESS
Bloom"ing*ness, n.

Defn: A blooming condition.

BLOOMLESS
Bloom"less, a.

Defn: Without bloom or flowers. Shelley.

BLOOMY
Bloom"y, a.

1. Full of bloom; flowery; flourishing with the vigor of youth; as, a
bloomy spray.
But all the bloomy flush of life is fled. Goldsmith.

2. Covered with bloom, as fruit. Dryden.

BLOOTH
Blooth, n.

Defn: Bloom; a blossoming. [Prov. Eng.]
All that blooth means heavy autumn work for him and his hands. T.
Hardy.

BLORE
Blore, n. Etym: [Perh. a variant of blare, v. i.; or cf. Gael. & Ir.
blor a loud noise.]

Defn: The act of blowing; a roaring wind; a blast. [Obs.]
A most tempestuous blore. Chapman.

BLOSMY
Blos"my, a.

Defn: Blossomy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BLOSSOM
Blos"som, n. Etym: [OE. blosme, blostme, AS. bl, bl, blossom; akin to
D. bloesem, L. fios, and E. flower; from the root of E. blow to
blossom. See Blow to blossom, and cf. Bloom a blossom.]

1. The flower of a plant, or the essential organs of reproduction,
with their appendages; florescence; bloom; the flowers of a plant,
collectively; as, the blossoms and fruit of a tree; an apple tree in
blossom.

Note: The term has been applied by some botanists, and is also
applied in common usage, to the corolla. It is more commonly used
than flower or bloom, when we have reference to the fruit which is to
succeed. Thus we use flowers when we speak of plants cultivated for
ornament, and bloom in a more general sense, as of flowers in
general, or in reference to the beauty of flowers.
Blossoms flaunting in the eye of day. Longfellow.

2. A blooming period or stage of development; something lovely that
gives rich promise.
In the blossom of my youth. Massinger.

3. The color of a horse that has white hairs intermixed with sorrel
and bay hairs; -- otherwise called peach color. In blossom, having
the blossoms open; in bloom.

BLOSSOM
Blos"som, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Blossomed; p. pr. & vb. n. Blossoming.]
Etym: [AS. bl. See Blossom, n.]

1. To put forth blossoms or flowers; to bloom; to blow; to flower.
The moving whisper of huge trees that branched And blossomed.
Tennyson.

2. To flourish and prosper.
Israel shall blossom and bud, and full the face of the world with
fruit. Isa. xxvii. 6.

BLOSSOMLESS
Blos"som*less, a.

Defn: Without blossoms.

BLOSSOMY
Blos"som*y, a.

Defn: Full of blossoms; flowery.

BLOT
Blot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Blotting.] Etym:
[Cf. Dan. plette. See 3d Blot.]

1. To spot, stain, or bespatter, as with ink.
The brief was writ and blotted all with gore. Gascoigne.

2. To impair; to damage; to mar; to soil.
It blots thy beauty, as frosts do bite the meads. Shak.

3. To stain with infamy; to disgrace.
Blot not thy innocence with guiltless blood. Rowe.

4. To obliterate, as writing with ink; to cancel; to efface; --
generally with out; as, to blot out a word or a sentence. Often
figuratively; as, to blot out offenses.
One act like this blots out a thousand crimes. Dryden.

5. To obscure; to eclipse; to shadow.
He sung how earth blots the moon's gilded wane. Cowley.

6. To dry, as writing, with blotting paper.

Syn.
 -- To obliterate; expunge; erase; efface; cancel; tarnish; disgrace;
blur; sully; smear; smutch.

BLOT
Blot, v. i.

Defn: To take a blot; as, this paper blots easily.

BLOT
Blot, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. blettr, Dan. plet.]

1. A spot or stain, as of ink on paper; a blur. "Inky blots and
rotten parchment bonds." Shak.

2. An obliteration of something written or printed; an erasure.
Dryden.

3. A spot on reputation; a stain; a disgrace; a reproach; a blemish.
This deadly blot in thy digressing son. Shak.

BLOT
Blot, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. blot bare, naked, Sw. blott, d. bloot, G.
bloss, and perh. E. bloat.]

1. (Backgammon)
(a) An exposure of a single man to be taken up.
(b) A single man left on a point, exposed to be taken up.
He is too great a master of his art to make a blot which may be so
easily hit. Dryden.

2. A weak point; a failing; an exposed point or mark.

BLOTCH
Blotch, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. blacche in blacchepot blacking pot, akin to
black, as bleach is akin to bleak. See Black, a., or cf. Blot a
spot.]

1. A blot or spot, as of color or of ink; especially a large or
irregular spot. Also Fig.; as, a moral blotch.
Spots and blotches . . . some red, others yellow. Harvey.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A large pustule, or a coarse eruption.
Foul scurf and blotches him defile. Thomson.

BLOTCHED
Blotched, a.

Defn: Marked or covered with blotches.
To give their blotched and blistered bodies ease. Drayton.

BLOTCHY
Blotch"y, a.

Defn: Having blotches.

BLOTE
Blote, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bloted; p. pr. & vb. n. Bloting.] Etym:
[Cf. Sw. blöt-fisk soaked fish, fr. blöta to soak. See 1st Bloat.]

Defn: To cure, as herrings, by salting and smoking them; to bloat.
[Obs.]

BLOTLESS
Blot"less, a.

Defn: Without blot.

BLOTTER
Blot"ter, n.

1. One who, or that which blots; esp. a device for absorbing
superfluous ink.

2. (Com.)

Defn: A wastebook, in which entries of transactions are made as they
take place.

BLOTTESQUE
Blot*tesque" (, a. (Painting)

Defn: Characterized by blots or heavy touches; coarsely depicted;
wanting in delineation. Ruskin.

BLOTTING PAPER
Blot"ting pa`per.

Defn: A kind of thick, bibulous, unsized paper, used to absorb
superfluous ink from freshly written manuscript, and thus prevent
blots.

BLOUSE
Blouse, n. Etym: [F. blouse. Of unknown origin.]

Defn: A light, loose over-garment, like a smock frock, worn
especially by workingmen in France; also, a loose coat of any
material, as the undress uniform coat of the United States army.

BLOW
Blow, v. i. [imp. Blew; p. p. Blown; p. pr. & vb. n. Blowing.] Etym:
[OE. blowen, AS. bl to blossom; akin to OS. bl, D. bloeijen, OHG.
pluojan, MHG. bl, G. blühen, L. florere to flourish, OIr. blath
blossom. Cf. Blow to puff, Flourish.]

Defn: To flower; to blossom; to bloom.
How blows the citron grove. Milton.

BLOW
Blow, v. t.

Defn: To cause to blossom; to put forth (blossoms or flowers).
The odorous banks, that blow Flowers of more mingled hue. Milton.

BLOW
Blow, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A blossom; a flower; also, a state of blossoming; a mass of
blossoms. "Such a blow of tulips." Tatler.

BLOW
Blow, n. Etym: [OE. blaw, blowe; cf. OHG. bliuwan, pliuwan, to beat,
G. bläuen, Goth. bliggwan.]

1. A forcible stroke with the hand, fist, or some instrument, as a
rod, a club, an ax, or a sword.
Well struck ! there was blow for blow. Shak.

2. A sudden or forcible act or effort; an assault.
A vigorous blow might win [Hanno's camp]. T. Arnold.

3. The infliction of evil; a sudden calamity; something which
produces mental, physical, or financial suffering or loss (esp. when
sudden); a buffet.
A most poor man, made tame to fortune's blows. Shak.
At a blow, suddenly; at one effort; by a single vigorous act. "They
lose a province at a blow." Dryden.
 -- To come to blows, to engage in combat; to fight; -- said of
individuals, armies, and nations.

Syn.
 -- Stroke; knock; shock; misfortune.

BLOW
Blow, v. i. [imp. Blew; p. p. Blown; p. pr. & vb. n. Blowing.] Etym:
[OE. blawen, blowen, AS. bl to blow, as wind; akin to OHG. pl, G.
blähen, to blow up, swell, L. flare to blow, Gr. to spout out, and to
E. bladder, blast, inflate, etc., and perh. blow to bloom.]

1. To produce a current of air; to move, as air, esp. to move rapidly
or with power; as, the wind blows.
Hark how it rains and blows ! Walton.

2. To send forth a forcible current of air, as from the mouth or from
a pair of bellows.

3. To breathe hard or quick; to pant; to puff.
Here is Mistress Page at the door, sweating and blowing. Shak.

4. To sound on being blown into, as a trumpet.
There let the pealing organ blow. Milton.

5. To spout water, etc., from the blowholes, as a whale.

6. To be carried or moved by the wind; as, the dust blows in from the
street.
The grass blows from their graves to thy own. M. Arnold.

7. To talk loudly; to boast; to storm. [Colloq.]
You blow behind my back, but dare not say anything to my face.
Bartlett.
To blow hot and cold Etym: (a saying derived from a fable of , to
favor a thing at one time and treat it coldly at another; or to
appear both to favor and to oppose.
 -- To blow off, to let steam escape through a passage provided for
the purpose; as, the engine or steamer is blowing off.
 -- To blow out. (a) To be driven out by the expansive force of a gas
or vapor; as, a steam cock or valve sometimes blows out. (b) To talk
violently or abusively. [Low] -- To blow over, to pass away without
effect; to cease, or be dissipated; as, the storm and the clouds have
blown over.
 -- To blow up, to be torn to pieces and thrown into the air as by an
explosion of powder or gas or the expansive force of steam; to burst;
to explode; as, a powder mill or steam boiler blows up. "The enemy's
magazines blew up." Tatler.

BLOW
Blow, v. t.

1. To force a current of air upon with the mouth, or by other means;
as, to blow the fire.

2. To drive by a current air; to impel; as, the tempest blew the ship
ashore.
Off at sea northeast winds blow Sabean odors from the spicy shore.
Milton.

3. To cause air to pass through by the action of the mouth, or
otherwise; to cause to sound, as a wind instrument; as, to blow a
trumpet; to blow an organ.
Hath she no husband That will take pains to blow a horn before her
Shak.
Boy, blow the pipe until the bubble rise, Then cast it off to float
upon the skies. Parnell.

4. To clear of contents by forcing air through; as, to blow an egg;
to blow one's nose.

5. To burst, shatter, or destroy by an explosion; -- usually with up,
down, open, or similar adverb; as, to blow up a building.

6. To spread by report; to publish; to disclose.
Through the court his courtesy was blown. Dryden.
His language does his knowledge blow. Whiting.

7. To form by inflation; to swell by injecting air; as, to blow
bubbles; to blow glass.

8. To inflate, as with pride; to puff up.
Look how imagination blows him. Shak.

9. To put out of breath; to cause to blow from fatigue; as, to blow a
horse. Sir W. Scott.

10. To deposit eggs or larvæ upon, or in (meat, etc.).
To suffer The flesh fly blow my mouth. Shak.
To blow great guns, to blow furiously and with roaring blasts; --
said of the wind at sea or along the coast.
 -- To blow off, to empty (a boiler) of water through the blow-off
pipe, while under steam pressure; also, to eject (steam, water,
sediment, etc.) from a boiler.
 -- To blow one's own trumpet, to vaunt one's own exploits, or sound
one's own praises.
 -- To blow out, to extinguish by a current of air, as a candle.
 -- To blow up. (a) To fill with air; to swell; as, to blow up a
bladder or bubble. (b) To inflate, as with pride, self-conceit, etc.;
to puff up; as, to blow one up with flattery. "Blown up with high
conceits engendering pride." Milton. (c) To excite; as, to blow up a
contention.(d) To burst, to raise into the air, or to scatter, by an
explosion; as, to blow up a fort. (e) To scold violently; as, to blow
up a person for some offense. [Colloq.]
I have blown him up well -- nobody can say I wink at what he does. G.
Eliot.
To blow upon. (a) To blast; to taint; to bring into discredit; to
render stale, unsavory, or worthless. (b) To inform against.
[Colloq.]
How far the very custom of hearing anything spouted withers and blows
upon a fine passage, may be seen in those speeches from
[Shakespeare's] Henry V. which are current in the mouths of
schoolboys. C. Lamb.
A lady's maid whose character had been blown upon. Macaulay.

BLOW
Blow, n.

1. A blowing, esp., a violent blowing of the wind; a gale; as, a
heavy blow came on, and the ship put back to port.

2. The act of forcing air from the mouth, or through or from some
instrument; as, to give a hard blow on a whistle or horn; to give the
fire a blow with the bellows.

3. The spouting of a whale.

4. (Metal.)

Defn: A single heat or operation of the Bessemer converter. Raymond.

5. An egg, or a larva, deposited by a fly on or in flesh, or the act
of depositing it. Chapman.

BLOWBALL
Blow"ball` (, n.

Defn: The downy seed head of a dandelion, which children delight to
blow away. B. Jonson.

BLOWEN; BLOWESS
Blow"en, Blow"ess, n.

Defn: A prostitute; a courtesan; a strumpet. [Low] Smart.

BLOWER
Blow"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, blows.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A device for producing a current of air; as: (a) A metal plate
temporarily placed before the upper part of a grate or open fire. (b)
A machine for producing an artificial blast or current of air by
pressure, as for increasing the draft of a furnace, ventilating a
building or shaft, cleansing gram, etc.

3. A blowing out or excessive discharge of gas from a hole or fissure
in a mine.

4. The whale; -- so called by seamen, from the circumstance of its
spouting up a column of water.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small fish of the Atlantic coast (Tetrodon turgidus); the
puffer.

6. A braggart, or loud talker. [Slang] Bartlett.

BLOWFLY
Blow"fly`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of fly of the genus Musca that deposits its eggs or
young larvæ (called flyblows and maggots) upon meat or other animal
products.

BLOWGUN
Blow"gun`, n.

Defn: A tube, as of cane or reed, sometimes twelve feet long, through
which an arrow or other projectile may be impelled by the force of
the breath. It is a weapon much used by certain Indians of America
and the West Indies; -- called also blowpipe, and blowtube. See
Sumpitan.

BLOWHOLE
Blow"hole`, n.

1. A cavern in a cliff, at the water level, opening to the air at its
farther extremity, so that the waters rush in with each surge and
rise in a lofty jet from the extremity.

2. A nostril or spiracle in the top of the head of a whale or other
cetacean.

Note: There are two spiracles or blowholes in the common whales, but
only one in sperm whales, porpoises, etc.

3. A hole in the ice to which whales, seals, etc., come to breathe.

4. (Founding)

Defn: An air hole in a casting.

BLOWN
Blown, p. p. & a.

1. Swollen; inflated; distended; puffed up, as cattle when gorged
with green food which develops gas.

2. Stale; worthless.

3. Out of breath; tired; exhausted. "Their horses much blown." Sir W.
Scott.

4. Covered with the eggs and larvæ of flies; fly blown.

BLOWN
Blown, p. p. & a.

Defn: Opened; in blossom or having blossomed, as a flower. Shak.

BLOW-OFF
Blow"-off` (, n.

1. A blowing off steam, water, etc.; -- Also, adj.

Defn: as, a blow-off cock or pipe.

2. An outburst of temper or excitement. [Colloq.]

BLOW-OUT
Blow"-out` (, n.

Defn: The cleaning of the flues of a boiler from scale, etc., by a
blast of steam.

BLOWPIPE
Blow"pipe` (, n.

1. A tube for directing a jet of air into a fire or into the flame of
a lamp or candle, so as to concentrate the heat on some object.

Note: It is called a mouth blowpipe when used with the mouth; but for
both chemical and industrial purposes, it is often worked by a
bellows or other contrivance. The common mouth blowpipe is a tapering
tube with a very small orifice at the end to be inserted in the
flame. The oxyhydrogen blowpipe, invented by Dr. Hare in 1801, is an
instrument in which oxygen and hydrogen, taken from separate
reservoirs, in the proportions of two volumes of hydrogen to one of
oxygen, are burned in a jet, under pressure. It gives a heat that
will consume the diamond, fuse platinum, and dissipate in vapor, or
in gaseous forms, most known substances.

2. A blowgun; a blowtube. Blowpipe analysis (Chem.), analysis by
means of the blowpipe.
 -- Blowpipe reaction (Chem.), the characteristic behavior of a
substance subjected to a test by means of the blowpipe.

BLOWPOINT
Blow"point` (, n.

Defn: A child's game. [Obs.]

BLOWSE
Blowse, n.

Defn: See Blowze.

BLOWTH
Blowth, n. Etym: [From Blow to blossom: cf. Growth.]

Defn: A blossoming; a bloom. [Obs. or Archaic] "In the blowth and
bud." Sir W. Raleigh.

BLOWTUBE
Blow"tube`, n.

1. A blowgun. Tylor.

2. A similar instrument, commonly of tin, used by boys for
discharging paper wads and other light missiles.

3. (Glassmaking)

Defn: A long wrought iron tube, on the end of which the workman
gathers a quantity of "metal" (melted glass), and through which he
blows to expand or shape it; -- called also blowing tube, and
blowpipe.

BLOW VALVE
Blow" valve` (. (Mach.)

Defn: See Snifting valve.

BLOWY
Blow"y, a.

Defn: Windy; as, blowy weather; a blowy upland.

BLOWZE
Blowze, n. Etym: [Prob. from the same root as blush.]

Defn: A ruddy, fat-faced woman; a wench. [Obs.] Shak.

BLOWZED
Blowzed, a.

Defn: Having high color from exposure to the weather; ruddy-faced;
blowzy; disordered.
Huge women blowzed with health and wind. Tennyson.

BLOWZY
Blowz"y, a.

Defn: Coarse and ruddy-faced; fat and ruddy; high colored; frowzy.

BLUB
Blub, v. t. & i. Etym: [Cf. Bleb, Blob.]

Defn: To swell; to puff out, as with weeping. [Obs.]

BLUBBER
Blub"ber, n. Etym: [See Blobber, Blob, Bleb.]

1. A bubble.
At his mouth a blubber stood of foam. Henryson.

2. The fat of whales and other large sea animals from which oil is
obtained. It lies immediately under the skin and over the muscular
flesh.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large sea nettle or medusa.

BLUBBER
Blub"ber, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Blubbered; p. pr. & vb. n. Blubbering.]

Defn: To weep noisily, or so as to disfigure the face; to cry in a
childish manner.
She wept, she blubbered, and she tore her hair. Swift.

BLUBBER
Blub"ber, v. t.

1. To swell or disfigure (the face) with weeping; to wet with tears.
Dear Cloe, how blubbered is that pretty face! Prior.

2. To give vent to (tears) or utter (broken words or cries); -- with
forth or out.

BLUBBERED
Blub"bered, p. p. & a.

Defn: Swollen; turgid; as, a blubbered lip. Spenser.

BLUBBERING
Blub"ber*ing, n.

Defn: The act of weeping noisily.
He spake well save that his blubbering interrupted him. Winthrop.

BLUBBERY
Blub"ber*y, a.

1. Swollen; protuberant.

2. Like blubber; gelatinous and quivering; as, a blubbery mass.

BLUCHER
Blu"cher, n.

Defn: A kind of half boot, named from the Prussian general Blücher.
Thackeray.

BLUDGEON
Bludg"eon, n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. blocan a little block, Gael. plocan a
mallet, W. plocyn, dim. of ploc block; or perh. connected with E.
blow a stroke. Cf. Block, Blow a stroke.]

Defn: A short stick, with one end loaded, or thicker and heavier that
the other, used as an offensive weapon.

BLUE
Blue, a. [Compar. Bluer; superl. Bluest.] Etym: [OE. bla, blo, blew,
blue, Sw. bl, D. blauw, OHG. bl, G. blau; but influenced in form by
F. bleu, from OHG. blao.]

1. Having the color of the clear sky, or a hue resembling it, whether
lighter or darker; as, the deep, blue sea; as blue as a sapphire;
blue violets. "The blue firmament." Milton.

2. Pale, without redness or glare, -- said of a flame; hence, of the
color of burning brimstone, betokening the presence of ghosts or
devils; as, the candle burns blue; the air was blue with oaths.

3. Low in spirits; melancholy; as, to feel blue.

4. Suited to produce low spirits; gloomy in prospect; as, thongs
looked blue. [Colloq.]

5. Severe or over strict in morals; gloom; as, blue and sour
religionists; suiting one who is over strict in morals; inculcating
an impracticable, severe, or gloomy mortality; as, blue laws.

6. Literary; -- applied to women; -- an abbreviation of bluestocking.
[Colloq.]
The ladies were very blue and well informed. Thackeray.
Blue asbestus. See Crocidolite.
 -- Blue black, of, or having, a very dark blue color, almost black.
 -- Blue blood. See under Blood.
 -- Blue buck (Zoöl.), a small South African antelope (Cephalophus
pygmæus); also applied to a larger species (Ægoceras leucophæus); the
blaubok.
 -- Blue cod (Zoöl.), the buffalo cod.
 -- Blue crab (Zoöl.), the common edible crab of the Atlantic coast
of the United States (Callinectes hastatus).
 -- Blue curls (Bot.), a common plant (Trichostema dichotomum),
resembling pennyroyal, and hence called also bastard pennyroyal.
 -- Blue devils, apparitions supposed to be seen by persons suffering
with delirium tremens; hence, very low spirits. "Can Gumbo shut the
hall door upon blue devils, or lay them all in a red sea of claret"
Thackeray.
 -- Blue gage. See under Gage, a plum.
 -- Blue gum, an Australian myrtaceous tree (Eucalyptus globulus), of
the loftiest proportions, now cultivated in tropical and warm
temperate regions for its timber, and as a protection against
malaria. The essential oil is beginning to be used in medicine. The
timber is very useful. See Eucalyptus.
 -- Blue jack, Blue stone, blue vitriol; sulphate of copper.
 -- Blue jacket, a man-of war's man; a sailor wearing a naval
uniform.
 -- Blue jaundice. See under Jaundice.
 -- Blue laws, a name first used in the eighteenth century to
describe certain supposititious laws of extreme rigor reported to
have been enacted in New Haven; hence, any puritanical laws. [U. S.]
-- Blue light, a composition which burns with a brilliant blue flame;
-- used in pyrotechnics and as a night signal at sea, and in military
operations.
 -- Blue mantle (Her.), one of the four pursuivants of the English
college of arms; -- so called from the color of his official robes.
 -- Blue mass, a preparation of mercury from which is formed the blue
pill. McElrath.
 -- Blue mold, or mould, the blue fungus (Aspergillus glaucus) which
grows on cheese. Brande & C.
 -- Blue Monday, a Monday following a Sunday of dissipation, or
itself given to dissipation (as the Monday before Lent).
 -- Blue ointment (Med.), mercurial ointment.
 -- Blue Peter (British Marine), a blue flag with a white square in
the center, used as a signal for sailing, to recall boats, etc. It is
a corruption of blue repeater, one of the British signal flags.
 -- Blue pill. (Med.) (a) A pill of prepared mercury, used as an
aperient, etc. (b) Blue mass.
 -- Blue ribbon. (a) The ribbon worn by members of the order of the
Garter; -- hence, a member of that order. (b) Anything the attainment
of which is an object of great ambition; a distinction; a prize.
"These [scholarships] were the blue ribbon of the college." Farrar.
(c) The distinctive badge of certain temperance or total abstinence
organizations, as of the Blue ribbon Army.
 -- Blue ruin, utter ruin; also, gin. [Eng. Slang] Carlyle.
 -- Blue spar (Min.), azure spar; lazulite. See Lazulite.
 -- Blue thrush (Zoöl.), a European and Asiatic thrush
(Petrocossyphus cyaneas).
 -- Blue verditer. See Verditer.
 -- Blue vitriol (Chem.), sulphate of copper, a violet blue
crystallized salt, used in electric batteries, calico printing, etc.
 -- Blue water, the open ocean.
 -- To look blue, to look disheartened or dejected.
 -- True blue, genuine and thorough; not modified, nor mixed; not
spurious; specifically, of uncompromising Presbyterianism, blue being
the color adopted by the Covenanters.

For his religion . . . 'T was Presbyterian, true blue. Hudibras.

BLUE
Blue, n.

1. One of the seven colors into which the rays of light divide
themselves, when refracted through a glass prism; the color of the
clear sky, or a color resembling that, whether lighter or darker; a
pigment having such color. Sometimes, poetically, the sky.

2. A pedantic woman; a bluestocking. [Colloq.]

3. pl. Etym: [Short for blue devils.]

Defn: Low spirits; a fit of despondency; melancholy. [Colloq.] Berlin
blue, Prussian blue.
 -- Mineral blue. See under Mineral.
 -- Prussian blue. See under Prussian.

BLUE
Blue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blued; p. pr. & vb. n. Bluing.]

Defn: To make blue; to dye of a blue color; to make blue by heating,
as metals, etc.

BLUEBACK
Blue"back`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A trout (Salmo oquassa) inhabiting some of the lakes of Maine.
(b) A salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) of the Columbia River and
northward.
(c) An American river herring (Clupea æstivalis), closely allied to
the alewife.

BLUEBEARD
Blue"beard, n.

Defn: The hero of a mediæval French nursery legend, who, leaving
home, enjoined his young wife not to open a certain room in his
castle. She entered it, and found the murdered bodies of his former
wives.
 -- Also used adjectively of a subject which it is forbidden to
investigate.
The Bluebeard chamber of his mind, into which no eye but his own must
look. Carlyle.

BLUEBELL
Blue"bell`, n. (Bot.)
(a) A plant of the genus Campanula, especially the Campanula
rotundifolia, which bears blue bell-shaped flowers; the harebell.
(b) A plant of the genus Scilla (Scilla nutans).

BLUEBERRY
Blue"berry, n. Etym: [Cf. Blaeberry.] (Bot.)

Defn: The berry of several species of Vaccinium, and ericaceous
genus, differing from the American huckleberries in containing
numerous minute seeds instead of ten nutlets. The commonest species
are V. Pennsylvanicum and V. vacillans. V. corymbosum is the tall
blueberry.

BLUEBILL
Blue"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A duck of the genus Fuligula. Two American species (F. marila
and F. affinis) are common. See Scaup duck.

BLUEBIRD
Blue"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small song bird (Sialia sialis), very common in the United
States, and, in the north, one of the earliest to arrive in spring.
The male is blue, with the breast reddish. It is related to the
European robin. Pairy bluebird (Zoöl.), a brilliant Indian or East
Indian bird of the genus Irena, of several species.

BLUE BONNET; BLUE-BONNET
Blue" bon`net or Blue"-bon`net, n.

1. A broad, flat Scottish cap of blue woolen, or one waring such cap;
a Scotchman.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant. Same as Bluebottle.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European blue titmouse (Parus coeruleus); the bluecap.

BLUE BOOK
Blue" book`.

1. A parliamentary publication, so called from its blue paper covers.
[Eng.]

2. The United States official "Biennial Register."

BLUEBOTTLE
Blue"bot`tle, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Centaurea cyanus) which grows in grain fields. It
receives its name from its blue bottle-shaped flowers.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large and troublesome species of blowfly (Musca vomitoria).
Its body is steel blue.

BLUEBREAST
Blue"breast`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European bird; the blue-throated warbler.

BLUECAP
Blue"cap`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) The bluepoll.
(b) The blue bonnet or blue titmouse.

2. A Scot; a Scotchman; -- so named from wearing a blue bonnet.
[Poetic] Shak.

BLUECOAT
Blue"coat`, n.

Defn: One dressed in blue, as a soldier, a sailor, a beadle, etc.

BLUE-EYE
Blue"-eye`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The blue-cheeked honeysucker of Australia.

BLUE-EYED
Blue"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having blue eyes.

BLUE-EYED GRASS
Blue-eyed grass (Bot.)

Defn: a grasslike plant (Sisyrinchium anceps), with small flowers of
a delicate blue color.

BLUEFIN
Blue"fin`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of whitefish (Coregonus nigripinnis) found in Lake
Michigan.

BLUEFISH
Blue"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

1. A large voracious fish (Pomatomus saitatrix), of the family
Carangidæ, valued as a food fish, and widely distributed on the
American coast. On the New Jersey and Rhode Island coast it is called
the horse mackerel, in Virginia saltwater tailor, or skipjack.

2. A West Indian fish (Platyglossus radiatus), of the family Labridæ.

Note: The name is applied locally to other species of fishes; as the
cunner, sea bass, squeteague, etc.

BLUEGOWN
Blue"gown`, n.

Defn: One of a class of paupers or pensioners, or licensed beggars,
in Scotland, to whim annually on the king's birthday were distributed
certain alms, including a blue gown; a beadsman.

BLUE GRASS
Blue" grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of grass (Poa compressa) with bluish green stems,
valuable in thin gravelly soils; wire grass. Kentucky blue grass, a
species of grass (Poa pratensis) which has running rootstocks and
spreads rapidly. It is valuable as a pasture grass, as it endures
both winter and drought better than other kinds, and is very
nutritious.

BLUE-GRASS STATE
Blue-grass State.

Defn: The Sate of Kentucky; -- a nickname alluding to the blue-grass
region, where fine horses are bred.

BLUE HEN STATE
Blue Hen State.

Defn: The State of Delaware; -- a popular sobriquet. It is said,
though the story lacks proof, to have taken its origin from the
insistence of a Delaware Revolutionary captain, named Caldwell, that
no cock could be truly game unless the mother was a blue hen, whence
Blue Hen's Chickens came to be a nickname for the people of Delaware.

BLUE JAY
Blue" jay`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common jay of the United States (Cyanocitta, or Cyanura,
cristata). The predominant color is bright blue.

BLUE-JOHN
Blue"-john`, n.

Defn: A name given to fluor spar in Derbyshire, where it is used for
ornamental purposes.

BLUELY
Blue"ly, adv.

Defn: With a blue color. Swift.

BLUENESS
Blue"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being blue; a blue color. Boyle.

BLUENOSE
Blue"nose, n.

Defn: A nickname for a Nova Scotian.

BLUENOSE; BLUENOSER
Blue"nose`, Blue"nos*er, n.

Defn: A Nova Scotian; also, a Nova Scotian ship (called also
Blue"nos`er); a Nova Scotian potato, etc.

BLUEPOLL
Blue"poll` (, n. Etym: [Blue + poll head.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of salmon (Salmo Cambricus) found in Wales.

BLUEPRINT
Blue"print.

Defn: See under Print.

BLUE-SKYLAW
Blue"-sky"law`.

Defn: A law enacted to provide for the regulation and supervision of
investment companies in order to protect the public against companies
that do not intend to do a fair and honest business and that offer
investments that do not promise a fair return; -- so called because
the promises made by some investment companies are as boundless or
alluring as the blue sky, or, perhaps, because designed to clear away
the clouds and fogs from the simple investor's horizon. [Colloq.]

BLUESTOCKING
Blue"stock`ing, n.

1. A literary lady; a female pedant. [Colloq.]

Note: As explained in Boswell's "Life of Dr. Johnson", this term is
derived from the name given to certain meetings held by ladies, in
Johnson's time, for conversation with distinguished literary men. An
eminent attendant of these assemblies was a Mr. Stillingfleet, who
always wore blue stockings. He was so much distinguished for his
conversational powers that his absence at any time was felt to be a
great loss, so that the remark became common, "We can do nothing
without the blue stockings." Hence these meetings were sportively
called bluestocking clubs, and the ladies who attended them,
bluestockings.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American avocet (Recurvirostra Americana).

BLUESTOCKINGISM
Blue"stock`ing*ism, n.

Defn: The character or manner of a bluestocking; female pedantry.
[Colloq.]

BLUESTONE
Blue"stone` (, n.

1. Blue vitriol. Dunglison.

2. A grayish blue building stone, as that commonly used in the
eastern United States.

BLUETHROAT
Blue"throat`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A singing bird of northern Europe and Asia (Cyanecula Suecica),
related to the nightingales; -- called also blue-throated robin and
blue-throated warbler.

BLUETS
Blu"ets, n. Etym: [F. bluet, bleuet, dim. of bleu blue. See Blue, a.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several different species of plants having blue
flowers, as the Houstonia coerulea, the Centaurea cyanus or
bluebottle, and the Vaccinium angustifolium.

BLUE-VEINED
Blue"-veined` (, a.

Defn: Having blue veins or blue streaks.

BLUEWING
Blue"wing`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The blue-winged teal. See Teal.

BLUEY
Blue"y

Defn: ,a.Bluish. Southey.

BLUFF
Bluff, a. Etym: [Cf. OD. blaf flat, broad, blaffaert one with a broad
face, also, a boaster; or G. verblüffen to confuse, LG. bluffen to
frighten; to unknown origin.]

1. Having a broad, flattened front; as, the bluff bows of a ship.
"Bluff visages." Irving.

2. Rising steeply with a flat or rounded front. "A bluff or bold
shore." Falconer.
Its banks, if not really steep, had a bluff and precipitous aspect.
Judd.

3. Surly; churlish; gruff; rough.

4. Abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque; as, a bluff
answer; a bluff manner of talking; a bluff sea captain. "Bluff King
Hal." Sir W. Scott.
There is indeed a bluff pertinacity which is a proper defense in a
moment of surprise. I. Taylor.

BLUFF
Bluff, n.

1. A high, steep bank, as by a river or the sea, or beside a ravine
or plain; a cliff with a broad face.
Beach, bluff, and wave, adieu. Whittier.

2. An act of bluffing; an expression of self-confidence for the
purpose of intimidation; braggadocio; as, that is only bluff, or a
bluff.

3. A game at cards; poker. [U.S.] Bartlett.

BLUFF
Bluff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bluffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bluffing.]

1. (Poker)

Defn: To deter (an opponent) from taking the risk of betting on his
hand of cards, as the bluffer does by betting heavily on his own hand
although it may be of less value. [U. S.]

2. To frighten or deter from accomplishing a purpose by making a show
of confidence in one's strength or resources; as, he bluffed me off.
[Colloq.]

BLUFF
Bluff, v. i.

Defn: To act as in the game of bluff.

BLUFF-BOWED
Bluff"-bowed` (, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Built with the stem nearly straight up and down.

BLUFFER
Bluff"er, ( n.

Defn: One who bluffs.

BLUFF-HEADED
Bluff"-head`ed (, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Built with the stem nearly straight up and down.

BLUFFNESS
Bluff"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being bluff.

BLUFFY
Bluff"y, a.

1. Having bluffs, or bold, steep banks.

2. Inclined to bo bluff; brusque.

BLUING
Blu"ing, n.

1. The act of rendering blue; as, the bluing of steel. Tomlinson.

2. Something to give a bluish tint, as indigo, or preparations used
by washerwomen.

BLUISH
Blu"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat blue; as, bluish veins. "Bluish mists." Dryden.
 -- Blu"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Blu"ish*ness, n.

BLUNDER
Blun"der, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Blundered; p. pr. & vb. n. Blundering.]
Etym: [OE. blunderen, blondren, to stir, confuse, blunder; perh.
allied to blend to mix, to confound by mixture.]

1. To make a gross error or mistake; as, to blunder in writing or
preparing a medical prescription. Swift.

2. To move in an awkward, clumsy manner; to flounder and stumble.
I was never distinguished for address, and have often even blundered
in making my bow. Goldsmith.
Yet knows not how to find the uncertain place, And blunders on, and
staggers every pace. Dryden.
To blunder on. (a) To continue blundering. (b) To find or reach as if
by an accident involving more or less stupidity, -- applied to
something desirable; as, to blunder on a useful discovery.

BLUNDER
Blun"der, v. t.

1. To cause to blunder. [Obs.] "To blunder an adversary." Ditton.

2. To do or treat in a blundering manner; to confuse.
He blunders and confounds all these together. Stillingfleet.

BLUNDER
Blun"der, n.

1. Confusion; disturbance. [Obs.]

2. A gross error or mistake, resulting from carelessness, stupidity,
or culpable ignorance.

Syn.
 -- Blunder, Error, Mistake, Bull. An error is a departure or
deviation from that which is right or correct; as, an error of the
press; an error of judgment. A mistake is the interchange or taking
of one thing for another, through haste, inadvertence, etc.; as, a
careless mistake. A blunder is a mistake or error of a gross kind. It
supposes a person to flounder on in his course, from carelessness,
ignorance, or stupidity. A bull is a verbal blunder containing a
laughable incongruity of ideas.

BLUNDERBUSS
Blun"der*buss, n. Etym: [Either fr. blunder + D. bus tube, box, akin
to G. büchse box, gun, E. box; or corrupted fr. D. donderbus
(literally) thunder box, gun, musket.]

1. A short gun or firearm, with a large bore, capable of holding a
number of balls, and intended to do execution without exact aim.

2. A stupid, blundering fellow.

BLUNDERER
Blun"der*er, n.

Defn: One who is apt to blunder.

BLUNDERHEAD
Blun"der*head` (, n. [Blunder + head.]

Defn: A stupid, blundering fellow.

BLUNDERING
Blun"der*ing, a.

Defn: Characterized by blunders.

BLUNDERINGLY
Blun"der*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a blundering manner.

BLUNGE
Blunge, v. t.

Defn: To amalgamate and blend; to beat up or mix in water, as clay.

BLUNGER
Blun"ger, n. Etym: [Corrupted from plunger.]

Defn: A wooden blade with a cross handle, used for mi Tomlinson.

BLUNGING
Blun"ging, n.

Defn: The process of mixing clay in potteries with a blunger.
Tomlinson.

BLUNT
Blunt, a. Etym: [Cf. Prov. G. bludde a dull or blunt knife, Dan.
blunde to sleep, Sw. & Icel. blunda; or perh. akin to E. blind.]

1. Having a thick edge or point, as an instrument; dull; not sharp.
The murderous knife was dull and blunt. Shak.

2. Dull in understanding; slow of discernment; stupid; -- opposed to
acute.
His wits are not so blunt. Shak.

3. Abrupt in address; plain; unceremonious; wanting the forms of
civility; rough in manners or speech. "Hiding his bitter jests in
blunt behavior." "A plain, blunt man." Shak.

4. Hard to impress or penetrate. [R.]
I find my heart hardened and blunt to new impressions. Pope.

Note: Blunt is much used in composition, as blunt-edged, blunt-
sighted, blunt-spoken.

Syn.
 -- Obtuse; dull; pointless; curt; short; coarse; rude; brusque;
impolite; uncivil.

BLUNT
Blunt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Blunting.]

1. To dull the edge or point of, by making it thicker; to make blunt.
Shak.

2. To repress or weaken, as any appetite, desire, or power of the
mind; to impair the force, keenness, or susceptibility, of; as, to
blunt the feelings.

BLUNT
Blunt, n.

1. A fencer's foil. [Obs.]

2. A short needle with a strong point. See Needle.

3. Money. [Cant] Beaconsfield.

BLUNTISH
Blunt"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat blunt.
 -- Blunt"ish*ness, n.

BLUNTLY
Blunt"ly, adv.

Defn: In a blunt manner; coarsely; plainly; abruptly; without
delicacy, or the usual forms of civility.
Sometimes after bluntly giving his opinions, he would quietly lay
himself asleep until the end of their deliberations. Jeffrey.

BLUNTNESS
Blunt"ness, n.

1. Want of edge or point; dullness; obtuseness; want of sharpness.
The multitude of elements and bluntness of angles. Holland.

2. A bruptness of address; rude plainness. "Bluntness of speech."
Boyle.

BLUNT-WITTED
Blunt"-wit`ted, n.

Defn: Dull; stupid.
Blunt-witted lord, ignoble in demeanor! Shak.

BLUR
Blur, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blurred; p. pr. & vb. n. Blurring.] Etym:
[Prob. of same origin as blear. See Blear.]

1. To render obscure by making the form or outline of confused and
uncertain, as by soiling; to smear; to make indistinct and confused;
as, to blur manuscript by handling it while damp; to blur the
impression of a woodcut by an excess of ink.
But time hath nothing blurred those lines of favor Which then he
wore. Shak.

2. To cause imperfection of vision in; to dim; to darken.
Her eyes are blurred with the lightning's glare. J. R. Drake.

3. To sully; to stain; to blemish, as reputation.
Sarcasms may eclipse thine own, But can not blur my lost renown.
Hudibras.

Syn.
 -- To spot; blot; disfigure; stain; sully.

BLUR
Blur, n.

1. That which obscures without effacing; a stain; a blot, as upon
paper or other substance.
As for those who cleanse blurs with blotted fingers, they make it
worse. Fuller.

2. A dim, confused appearance; indistinctness of vision; as, to see
things with a blur; it was all blur.

3. A moral stain or blot.
Lest she . . . will with her railing set a great blur on mine honesty
and good name. Udall.

BLURRY
Blur"ry, a.

Defn: Full of blurs; blurred.

BLURT
Blurt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blurted; p. pr. & vb. n. Blurting.] Etym:
[Cf. Blare.]

Defn: To utter suddenly and unadvisedly; to divulge inconsiderately;
to ejaculate; -- commonly with out.
Others . . . can not hold, but blurt out, those words which afterward
they forced to eat. Hakewill.
To blurt at, to speak contemptuously of. [Obs.] Shak.

BLUSH
Blush v. i. [imp. & p. p. Blushed; p. pr. & vb. n. Blushing.] Etym:
[OE. bluschen to shine, look, turn red, AS. blyscan to glow; akin to
blysa a torch, abl to blush, D. blozen, Dan. blusse to blaze, blush.]

1. To become suffused with red in the cheeks, as from a sense of
shame, modesty, or confusion; to become red from such cause, as the
cheeks or face.
To the nuptial bower I led her blushing like the morn. Milton.
In the presence of the shameless and unblushing, the young offender
is ashamed to blush. Buckminster.
He would stroke The head of modest and ingenuous worth, That blushed
at its own praise. Cowper.

2. To grow red; to have a red or rosy color.
The sun of heaven, methought, was loth to set, But stayed, and made
the western welkin blush. Shak.

3. To have a warm and delicate color, as some roses and other
flowers.
Full many a flower is born to blush unseen. T. Gray.

BLUSH
Blush, v. t.

1. To suffuse with a blush; to redden; to make roseate. [Obs.]
To blush and beautify the cheek again. Shak.

2. To express or make known by blushing.
I'll blush you thanks. Shak.

BLUSH
Blush, n.

1. A suffusion of the cheeks or face with red, as from a sense of
shame, confusion, or modesty.
The rosy blush of love. Trumbull.

2. A red or reddish color; a rosy tint.
Light's last blushes tinged the distant hills. Lyttleton.
At first blush, or At the first blush, at the first appearance or
view. "At the first blush, we thought they had been ships come from
France." Hakluyt.

Note: This phrase is used now more of ideas, opinions, etc., than of
material things. "All purely identical propositions, obviously, and
at first blush, appear." etc. Locke.
 -- To put to the blush, to cause to blush with shame; to put to
shame.

BLUSHER
Blush"er, n.

Defn: One that blushes.

BLUSHET
Blush"et, n.

Defn: A modest girl. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

BLUSHFUL
Blush"ful, a.

Defn: Full of blushes.
While from his ardent look the turning Spring Averts her blushful
face. Thomson.

BLUSHING
Blush"ing, a.

Defn: Showing blushes; rosy red; having a warm and delicate color
like some roses and other flowers; blooming; ruddy; roseate.
The dappled pink and blushing rose. Prior.

BLUSHING
Blush"ing, n.

Defn: The act of turning red; the appearance of a reddish color or
flush upon the cheeks.

BLUSHINGLY
Blush"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a blushing manner; with a blush or blushes; as, to answer or
confess blushingly.

BLUSHLESS
Blush"less, a.

Defn: Free from blushes; incapable of blushing; shameless; impudent.
Vice now, secure, her blushless front shall raise. Dodsley.

BLUSHY
Blush"y, a.

Defn: Like a blush; having the color of a blush; rosy. [R.] "A blushy
color." Harvey.

BLUSTER
Blus"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Blustered; p. pr. & vb. n. Blustering.]
Etym: [Allied to blast.]

1. To blow fitfully with violence and noise, as wind; to be windy and
boisterous, as the weather.
And ever-threatening storms Of Chaos blustering round. Milton.

2. To talk with noisy violence; to swagger, as a turbulent or
boasting person; to act in a noisy, tumultuous way; to play the
bully; to storm; to rage.
Your ministerial directors blustered like tragic tyrants. Burke.

BLUSTER
Blus"ter, v. t.

Defn: To utter, or do, with noisy violence; to force by blustering;
to bully.
He bloweth and blustereth out . . . his abominable blasphemy. Sir T.
More.
As if therewith he meant to bluster all princes into a perfect
obedience to his commands. Fuller.

BLUSTER
Blus"ter, n.

1. Fitful noise and violence, as of a storm; violent winds;
boisterousness.
To the winds they set Their corners, when with bluster to confound
Sea, air, and shore. Milton.

2. Noisy and violent or threatening talk; noisy and boastful
language. L'Estrange.

Syn.
 -- Noise; boisterousness; tumult; turbulence; confusion; boasting;
swaggering; bullying.

BLUSTERER
Blus"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, blusters; a noisy swaggerer.

BLUSTERING
Blus"ter*ing, a.

1. Exhibiting noisy violence, as the wind; stormy; tumultuous.
A tempest and a blustering day. Shak.

2. Uttering noisy threats; noisy and swaggering; boisterous. "A
blustering fellow." L'Estrange.

BLUSTERINGLY
Blus"ter*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a blustering manner.

BLUSTEROUS
Blus"ter*ous, a.

Defn: Inclined to bluster; given to blustering; blustering. Motley.

BLUSTROUS
Blus"trous, a.

Defn: Blusterous. Shak.

BO
Bo, interj. Etym: [Cf. W. bw, an interj. of threatening or
frightening; n., terror, fear, dread.]

Defn: An exclamation used to startle or frighten. [Spelt also boh and
boo.]

BOA
Bo"a, n.; pl. Boas . Etym: [L. boa a kind of water serpent. Perh. fr.
bos an ox.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large American serpents, including the boa
constrictor, the emperor boa of Mexico (B. imperator), and the
chevalier boa of Peru (B. eques).

Note: The name is also applied to related genera; as, the dog-headed
boa (Xiphosoma caninum).

2. A long, round fur tippet; -- so called from its resemblance in
shape to the boa constrictor.

BOA CONSTRICTOR
Bo"a con*strict"or. Etym: [NL. See Boa, and Constrictor.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large and powerful serpent of tropical America, sometimes
twenty or thirty feet long. See Illustration in Appendix.

Note: It has a succession of spots, alternately black and yellow,
extending along the back. It kills its prey by constriction. The name
is also loosely applied to other large serpents which crush their
prey, particularly to those of the genus Python, found in Asia and
Africa.

BOANERGES
Bo`a*ner"ges. Etym: [Gr. , fr. Heb. bn sons of thunder.
 -- an appellation given by Christ to two of his disciples (James and
John). See Mark iii. 17.]

Defn: Any declamatory and vociferous preacher or orator.

BOAR
Boar, n. Etym: [OE. bar, bor, bore, AS. bar; akin to OHG. p, MHG. b,
G. bär, boar (but not bär bear), and perh. Russ. borov' boar.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The uncastrated male of swine; specifically, the wild hog.

BOARD
Board, n. Etym: [OE. bord, AS. bord board, shipboard; akin to bred
plank, Icel. bor board, side of a ship, Goth. f footstool, D. bord
board, G. brett, bort. See def. 8. sq. root92.]

1. A piece of timber sawed thin, and of considerable length and
breadth as compared with the thickness, -- used for building, etc.

Note: When sawed thick, as over one and a half or two inches, it is
usually called a plank.

2. A table to put food upon.

Note: The term board answers to the modern table, but it was often
movable, and placed on trestles. Halliwell.
Fruit of all kinds . . . She gathers, tribute large, and on the board
Heaps with unsparing hand. Milton.

3. Hence: What is served on a table as food; stated meals; provision;
entertainment; -- usually as furnished for pay; as, to work for one's
board; the price of board.

4. A table at which a council or court is held. Hence: A council,
convened for business, or any authorized assembly or meeting, public
or private; a number of persons appointed or elected to sit in
council for the management or direction of some public or private
business or trust; as, the Board of Admiralty; a board of trade; a
board of directors, trustees, commissioners, etc.
Both better acquainted with affairs than any other who sat then at
that board. Clarendon.
We may judge from their letters to the board. Porteus.

5. A square or oblong piece of thin wood or other material used for
some special purpose, as, a molding board; a board or surface painted
or arranged for a game; as, a chessboard; a backgammon board.

6. Paper made thick and stiff like a board, for book covers, etc.;
pasteboard; as, to bind a book in boards.

7. pl.

Defn: The stage in a theater; as, to go upon the boards, to enter
upon the theatrical profession.

8. Etym: [In this use originally perh. a different word meaning
border, margin; cf. D. boord, G. bord, shipboard, and G. borte
trimming; also F. bord (fr. G.) the side of a ship. Cf. Border.]

Defn: The border or side of anything. (Naut.)
(a) The side of a ship. "Now board to board the rival vessels row."
Dryden. See On board, below.
(b) The stretch which a ship makes in one tack.

Note: Board is much used adjectively or as the last part of a
compound; as, fir board, clapboard, floor board, shipboard,
sideboard, ironing board, chessboard, cardboard, pasteboard,
seaboard; board measure. The American Board, a shortened form of "The
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions" (the foreign
missionary society of the American Congregational churches).
 -- Bed and board. See under Bed.
 -- Board and board (Naut.), side by side.
 -- Board of control, six privy councilors formerly appointed to
superintend the affairs of the British East Indies. Stormonth.
 -- Board rule, a figured scale for finding without calculation the
number of square feet in a board. Haldeman.
 -- Board of trade, in England, a committee of the privy council
appointed to superintend matters relating to trade. In the United
States, a body of men appointed for the advancement and protection of
their business interests; a chamber of commerce.
 -- Board wages. (a) Food and lodging supplied as compensation for
services; as, to work hard, and get only board wages. (b) Money wages
which are barely sufficient to buy food and lodging. (c) A separate
or special allowance of wages for the procurement of food, or food
and lodging. Dryden.
 -- By the board, over the board, or side. "The mast went by the
board." Totten. Hence (Fig.), To go by the board, to suffer complete
destruction or overthrow.
 -- To enter on the boards, to have one's name inscribed on a board
or tablet in a college as a student. [Cambridge, England.] "Having
been entered on the boards of Trinity college." Hallam.
 -- To make a good board (Naut.), to sail in a straight line when
close-hauled; to lose little to leeward.
 -- To make short boards, to tack frequently.
 -- On board. (a) On shipboard; in a ship or a boat; on board of; as,
I came on board early; to be on board ship. (b) In or into a railway
car or train. [Colloq. U. S.] -- Returning board, a board empowered
to canvass and make an official statement of the votes cast at an
election. [U.S.]

BOARD
Board, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Boarding.]

1. To cover with boards or boarding; as, to board a house. "The
boarded hovel." Cowper.

2. Etym: [Cf. Board to accost, and see Board, n.]

Defn: To go on board of, or enter, as a ship, whether in a hostile or
a friendly way.
You board an enemy to capture her, and a stranger to receive news or
make a communication. Totten.

3. To enter, as a railway car. [Colloq. U. S.]

4. To furnish with regular meals, or with meals and lodgings, for
compensation; to supply with daily meals.

5. To place at board, for compensation; as, to board one's horse at a
livery stable.

BOARD
Board, v. i.

Defn: To obtain meals, or meals and lodgings, statedly for
compensation; as, he boards at the hotel.
We are several of us, gentlemen and ladies, who board in the same
house. Spectator.

BOARD
Board, v. t. Etym: [F. aborder. See Abord, v. t.]

Defn: To approach; to accost; to address; hence, to woo. [Obs.]
I will board her, though she chide as loud As thunder when the clouds
in autumn crack. Shak.

BOARDABLE
Board"a*ble, a.

Defn: That can be boarded, as a ship.

BOARDER
Board"er, n.

1. One who has food statedly at another's table, or meals and
lodgings in his house, for pay, or compensation of any kind.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: One who boards a ship; one selected to board an enemy's ship.
Totten.

BOARDING
Board"ing, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The act of entering a ship, whether with a hostile or a
friendly purpose.
Both slain at one time, as they attempted the boarding of a frigate.
Sir F. Drake.

2. The act of covering with boards; also, boards, collectively; or a
covering made of boards.

3. The act of supplying, or the state of being supplied, with regular
or specified meals, or with meals and lodgings, for pay. Boarding
house, a house in which boarders are kept.
 -- Boarding nettings (Naut.), a strong network of cords or ropes
erected at the side of a ship to prevent an enemy from boarding it.
 -- Boarding pike (Naut.), a pike used by sailors in boarding a
vessel, or in repelling an attempt to board it. Totten.
 -- Boarding school, a school in which pupils receive board and
lodging as well as instruction.

BOARFISH
Boar"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A Mediterranean fish (Capros aper), of the family Caproidæ; -- so
called from the resemblance of the extended lips to a hog's snout.
(b) An Australian percoid fish (Histiopterus recurvirostris), valued
as a food fish.

BOARISH
Boar"ish, a.

Defn: Swinish; brutal; cruel.
In his anointed flesh stick boarish fangs. Shak.

BOAST
Boast, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Boasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Boasting.] Etym:
[OE. bosten, boosten, v., bost, boost, n., noise, boasting; cf. G.
bausen, bauschen, to swell, pusten, Dan. puste, Sw. pusta, to blow,
Sw. pösa to swell; or W. bostio to boast, bost boast, Gael. bosd. But
these last may be from English.]

1. To vaunt one's self; to brag; to say or tell things which are
intended to give others a high opinion of one's self or of things
belonging to one's self; as, to boast of one's exploits courage,
descent, wealth.
By grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: ..
not of works, lest any man should boast. Eph. ii. 8, 9.

2. To speak in exulting language of another; to glory; to exult.
In God we boast all the day long. Ps. xiiv. 8

Syn.
 -- To brag; bluster; vapor; crow; talk big.

BOAST
Boast, v. t.

1. To display in ostentatious language; to speak of with pride,
vanity, or exultation, with a view to self-commendation; to extol.
Lest bad men should boast Their specious deeds. Milton.

2. To display vaingloriously.

3. To possess or have; as, to boast a name. To boast one's self, to
speak with unbecoming confidence in, and approval of, one's self; --
followed by of and the thing to which the boasting relates. [Archaic]
Boast not thyself of to-morrow. Prov. xxvii.

BOAST
Boast, v. t. Etym: [Of uncertain etymology.]

1. (Masonry)

Defn: To dress, as a stone, with a broad chisel. Weale.

2. (Sculp.)

Defn: To shape roughly as a preparation for the finer work to follow;
to cut to the general form required.

BOAST
Boast, n.

1. Act of boasting; vaunting or bragging.
Reason and morals and where live they most, In Christian comfort, or
in Stoic boast! Byron.

2. The cause of boasting; occasion of pride or exultation, --
sometimes of laudable pride or exultation.
The boast of historians. Macaulay.

BOASTANCE
Boast"ance, n.

Defn: Boasting. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BOASTER
Boast"er, n.

Defn: One who boasts; a braggart.

BOASTER
Boast"er, n.

Defn: A stone mason's broad-faced chisel.

BOASTFUL
Boast"ful, a.

Defn: Given to, or full of, boasting; inclined to boast; vaunting;
vainglorious; self-praising.
 -- Boast"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Boast"ful*ness, n.

BOASTING
Boast"ing, n.

Defn: The act of glorying or vaunting; vainglorious speaking;
ostentatious display.
When boasting ends, then dignity begins. Young.

BOASTINGLY
Boast"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Boastfully; with boasting. "He boastingly tells you." Burke.

BOASTIVE
Boast"ive, a.

Defn: Presumptuous. [R.]

BOASTLESS
Boast"less, a.

Defn: Without boasting or ostentation.

BOAT
Boat, n. Etym: [OE. boot, bat, AS. bat; akin to Icel. batr, Sw. båt,
Dan. baad, D.& G. boot. Cf. Bateau.]

1. A small open vessel, or water craft, usually moved by cars or
paddles, but often by a sail.

Note: Different kinds of boats have different names; as, canoe, yawl,
wherry, pinnace, punt, etc.

2. Hence, any vessel; usually with some epithet descriptive of its
use or mode of propulsion; as, pilot boat, packet boat, passage boat,
advice boat, etc. The term is sometimes applied to steam vessels,
even of the largest class; as, the Cunard boats.

3. A vehicle, utensil, or dish, somewhat resembling a boat in shape;
as, a stone boat; a gravy boat.

Note: Boat is much used either adjectively or in combination; as,
boat builder or boatbuilder; boat building or boatbuilding; boat hook
or boathook; boathouse; boat keeper or boatkeeper; boat load; boat
race; boat racing; boat rowing; boat song; boatlike; boat-shaped.
Advice boat. See under Advice.
 -- Boat hook (Naut.), an iron hook with a point on the back, fixed
to a long pole, to pull or push a boat, raft, log, etc. Totten.
 -- Boat rope, a rope for fastening a boat; -- usually called a
painter.
 -- In the same boat, in the same situation or predicament. [Colloq.]
F. W. Newman.

BOAT
Boat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boated; p. pr. & vb. n. Boating.]

1. To transport in a boat; as, to boat goods.

2. To place in a boat; as, to boat oars. To boat the oars. See under
Oar.

BOAT
Boat, v. i.

Defn: To go or row in a boat.
I boated over, ran my craft aground. Tennyson.

BOATABLE
Boat"a*ble, a.

1. Such as can be transported in a boat.

2. Navigable for boats, or small river craft.
The boatable waters of the Alleghany. J. Morse.

BOATAGE
Boat"age, n.

Defn: Conveyance by boat; also, a charge for such conveyance.

BOATBILL
Boat"bill` (, n. (Zoöl.)

1. A wading bird (Cancroma cochlearia) of the tropical parts of South
America. Its bill is somewhat like a boat with the keel uppermost.

2. A perching bird of India, of the genus Eurylaimus.

BOAT BUG
Boat" bug` (. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An aquatic hemipterous insect of the genus Notonecta; -- so
called from swimming on its back, which gives it the appearance of a
little boat. Called also boat fly, boat insect, boatman, and water
boatman.

BOATFUL
Boat"ful, n.; pl. Boatfuls.

Defn: The quantity or amount that fills a boat.

BOATHOUSE
Boat"house`, n.

Defn: A house for sheltering boats.
Half the latticed boathouse hides. Wordsworth.

BOATING
Boat"ing, n.

1. The act or practice of rowing or sailing, esp. as an amusement;
carriage in boats.

2. In Persia, a punishment of capital offenders, by laying them on
the back in a covered boat, where they are left to perish.

BOATION
Bo*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. boatus, fr. boare to roar.]

Defn: A crying out; a roaring; a bellowing; reverberation. [Obs.]
The guns were heard . . . about a hundred Italian miles, in long
boations. Derham.

BOATMAN
Boat"man, n.; pl. Boatmen (.

1. A man who manages a boat; a rower of a boat.
As late the boatman hies him home. Percival.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A boat bug. See Boat bug.

BOATMANSHIP
Boat"man*ship, n.

Defn: The art of managing a boat.

BOAT-SHAPED
Boat"-shaped` (, a. (Bot.)

Defn: See Cymbiform.

BOAT SHELL
Boat" shell` (. (Zoöl.)
(a) A marine gastropod of the genus Crepidula. The species are
numerous. It is so named from its form and interior deck.
(b) A marine univalve shell of the genus Cymba.

BOATSMAN
Boats"man, n.

Defn: A boatman. [Archaic]

BOATSWAIN
Boat"swain, n. Etym: [Boat + swain.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: An officer who has charge of the boats, sails, rigging, colors,
anchors, cables, cordage, etc., of a ship, and who also summons the
crew, and performs other duties.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The jager gull.
(b) The tropic bird. Boatswain's mate, an assistant of the boatswain.
Totten.

BOAT-TAIL
Boat"-tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large grackle or blackbird (Quiscalus major), found in the
Southern United States.

BOATWOMAN
Boat"wom`an, n.; pl. Boatwomen (.

Defn: A woman who manages a boat.

BOB
Bob, n. Etym: [An onomatopoetic word, expressing quick, jerky motion;
OE. bob bunch, bobben to strike, mock, deceive. Cf. Prov. Eng. bob,
n., a ball, an engine beam, bunch, blast, trick, taunt, scoff; as, a
v., to dance, to courtesy, to disappoint, OF. bober to mock.]

1. Anything that hangs so as to play loosely, or with a short abrupt
motion, as at the end of a string; a pendant; as, the bob at the end
of a kite's tail.
In jewels dressed and at each ear a bob. Dryden.

2. A knot of worms, or of rags, on a string, used in angling, as for
eels; formerly, a worm suitable for bait.
Or yellow bobs, turned up before the plow, Are chiefest baits, with
cork and lead enow. Lauson.

3. A small piece of cork or light wood attached to a fishing line to
show when a fish is biting; a float.

4. The ball or heavy part of a pendulum; also, the ball or weight at
the end of a plumb line.

5. A small wheel, made of leather, with rounded edges, used in
polishing spoons, etc.

6. A short, jerking motion; act of bobbing; as, a bob of the head.

7. (Steam Engine)

Defn: A working beam.

8. A knot or short curl of hair; also, a bob wig.
A plain brown bob he wore. Shenstone.

9. A peculiar mode of ringing changes on bells.

10. The refrain of a song.
To bed, to bed, will be the bob of the song. L'Estrange.

11. A blow; a shake or jog; a rap, as with the fist.

12. A jeer or flout; a sharp jest or taunt; a trick.
He that a fool doth very wisely hit, Doth very foolishly, although he
smart, Not to seem senseless of the bob. Shak.

13. A shilling. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens.

BOB
Bob, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bobbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bobbing.] Etym: [OE.
bobben. See Bob, n.]

1. To cause to move in a short, jerking manner; to move (a thing)
with a bob. "He bobbed his head." W. Irving.

2. To strike with a quick, light blow; to tap.
If any man happened by long sitting to sleep . . . he was suddenly
bobbed on the face by the servants. Elyot.

3. To cheat; to gain by fraud or cheating; to filch.
Gold and jewels that I bobbed from him. Shak.

4. To mock or delude; to cheat.
To play her pranks, and bob the fool, The shrewish wife began.
Turbervile.

5. To cut short; as, to bob the hair, or a horse's tail.

BOB
Bob, v. i.

1. To have a short, jerking motion; to play to and fro, or up and
down; to play loosely against anything. "Bobbing and courtesying."
Thackeray.

2. To angle with a bob. See Bob, n., 2 & 3.
He ne'er had learned the art to bob For anything but eels. Saxe.
To bob at an apple, cherry, etc. to attempt to bite or seize with the
mouth an apple, cherry, or other round fruit, while it is swinging
from a string or floating in a tug of water.

BOBAC
Bo"bac, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Poland marmot (Arctomys bobac).

BOBANCE
Bo*bance", n. Etym: [OF. bobance, F. bombance, boasting, pageantry,
fr. L. bombus a humming, buzzing.]

Defn: A boasting. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BOBBER
Bob"ber, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, bobs.

BOBBERY
Bob"ber*y, n. Etym: [Prob. an Anglo-Indian form of Hindi bap re O
thou father! (a very disrespectful address).]

Defn: A squabble; a tumult; a noisy disturbance; as, to raise a
bobbery. [Low] Halliwell.

BOBBIN
Bob"bin, n. Etym: [F. bobine; of uncertain origin; cf. L. bombus a
humming, from the noise it makes, or Ir. & Gael. baban tassel, or E.
bob.]

1. A small pin, or cylinder, formerly of bone, now most commonly of
wood, used in the making of pillow lace. Each thread is wound on a
separate bobbin which hangs down holding the thread at a slight
tension.

2. A spool or reel of various material and construction, with a head
at one or both ends, and sometimes with a hole bored through its
length by which it may be placed on a spindle or pivot. It is used to
hold yarn or thread, as in spinning or warping machines, looms,
sewing machines, etc.

3. The little rounded piece of wood, at the end of a latch string,
which is pulled to raise the latch.

4. (Haberdashery)

Defn: A fine cord or narrow braid.

5. (Elec.)

Defn: A cylindrical or spool-shaped coil or insulated wire, usually
containing a core of soft iron which becomes magnetic when the wire
is traversed by an electrical current. Bobbin and fly frame, a roving
machine.
 -- Bobbin lace, lace made on a pillow with bobbins; pillow lace.

BOBBINET
Bob`bi*net", n. Etym: [Bobbin + net.]

Defn: A kind of cotton lace which is wrought by machines, and not by
hand. [Sometimes written bobbin net.]The English machine-made net is
now confined to point net, warp net, and bobbin net, so called from
the peculiar construction of the machines by which they are produced.
Tomlinsom.

BOBBINWORK
Bob"bin*work`, n.

Defn: Work woven with bobbins.

BOBBISH
Bob"bish, a.

Defn: Hearty; in good spirits. [Low, Eng.] Dickens.

BOBBY
Bob"by, n.

Defn: A nickname for a policeman; -- from Sir Robert Peel, who
remodeled the police force. See Peeler. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens.

BOB-CHERRY
Bob"-cher`ry, n.

Defn: A play among children, in which a cherry, hung so as to bob
against the mouth, is to be caught with the teeth.

BOBFLY
Bob"fly`, n. (Fishing)

Defn: The fly at the end of the leader; an end fly.

BOBOLINK
Bob"o*link`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American singing bird (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). The male is
black and white; the female is brown; -- called also, ricebird,
reedbird, and Boblincoln.
The happiest bird of our spring is the bobolink. W. Irving.

BOBSLED; BOBSLEIGH
Bob"sled`, Bob"sleigh`, n.

Defn: A short sled, mostly used as one of a pair connected by a reach
or coupling; also, the compound sled so formed. [U. S.]
The long wagon body set on bobsleds. W. D. Howells.

BOBSTAY
Bob"stay` (, n. Etym: [Bob + stay.] (Naut.)

Defn: A rope or chain to confine the bowsprit of a ship downward to
the stem or cutwater; -- usually in the pl.

BOBTAIL
Bob"tail`, n. Etym: [Bob + tail.]

Defn: An animal (as a horse or dog) with a short tail. Rag, tag, and
bobtail, the rabble.

BOBTAIL
Bob"tail`, a.

Defn: Bobtailed. "Bobtail cur." Marryat.

BOBTAILED
Bob"tailed` (, a.

Defn: Having the tail cut short, or naturally short; curtailed; as, a
bobtailed horse or dog; a bobtailed coat.

BOBWHITE
Bob"white`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common qua(Colinus, or Ortyx, Virginianus); -- so called
from its note.

BOB WIG
Bob" wig` (.

Defn: A short wig with bobs or short curls; -- called also bobtail
wig. Spectator.

BOCAL
Bo"cal, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A cylindrical glass vessel, with a large and short neck.

BOCARDO
Bo*car"do, n. Etym: [A mnemonic word.]

1. (Logic)

Defn: A form of syllogism of which the first and third propositions
are particular negatives, and the middle term a universal
affirmative.
Baroko and Bocardo have been stumbling blocks to the logicians.
Bowen.

2. A prison; -- originally the name of the old north gate in Oxford,
which was used as a prison. [Eng.] Latimer.

BOCASINE
Boc"a*sine, n. Etym: [F. bocassin, boucassin.]

Defn: A sort of fine buckram.

BOCCA
Boc"ca, n. Etym: [It., mouth.]

Defn: The round hole in the furnace of a glass manufactory through
which the fused glass is taken out. Craig.

BOCE
Boce, n. Etym: [L. box, bocis, Gr. , .] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European fish (Box vulgaris), having a compressed body and
bright colors; -- called also box, and bogue.

BOCK BEER
Bock" beer` (. Etym: [G. bockbier; bock a buck + bier beer; -- said
to be so named from its tendency to cause the drinker to caper like a
goat.]

Defn: A strong beer, originally made in Bavaria. [Also written buck
beer.]

BOCKELET
Bock"e*let, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of long-winged hawk; -- called also bockerel, and
bockeret. [Obs.]

BOCKEY
Bock"ey, n. Etym: [D. bokaal.]

Defn: A bowl or vessel made from a gourd. [Local, New York] Bartlett.

BOCKING
Bock"ing, n.

Defn: A coarse woolen fabric, used for floor cloths, to cover
carpets, etc.; -- so called from the town of Bocking, in England,
where it was first made.

BOCKLAND
Bock"land, n.

Defn: See Bookland.

BODDICE
Bod"dice, n.

Defn: See Bodick.

BODE
Bode, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boded; p. pr. & vb. n. Boding.] Etym: [OE.
bodien, AS. bodian to announce, tell from bod command; akin to Icel.
bo to announce, Sw. båda to announce, portend. sq. root89. See Bid.]

Defn: To indicate by signs, as future events; to be the omen of; to
portend to presage; to foreshow.
A raven that bodes nothing but mischief. Goldsmith.
Good onset bodes good end. Spenser.

BODE
Bode, v. i.

Defn: To foreshow something; to augur.
Whatever now The omen proved, it boded well to you. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To forebode; foreshadow; augur; betoken.

BODE
Bode, n.

1. An omen; a foreshadowing. [Obs.]
The owl eke, that of death the bode bringeth. Chaucer.

2. A bid; an offer. [Obs. or Dial.] Sir W. Scott

BODE
Bode, n. Etym: [AS. boda; akin to OFries. boda, AS. bodo, OHG. boto.
See Bode, v. t.]

Defn: A messenger; a herald. Robertson.

BODE
Bode, n. Etym: [See Abide.]

Defn: A stop; a halting; delay. [Obs.]

BODE
Bode, imp. & p. p. from Bide.

Defn: Abode.
There that night they bode. Tennyson.

BODE
Bode, p. p.

Defn: of Bid. Bid or bidden. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BODEFUL
Bode"ful, a.

Defn: Portentous; ominous. Carlyle.

BODEMENT
Bode"ment, n.

Defn: An omen; a prognostic. [Obs.]
This foolish, dreaming, superstitious girl Makes all these bodements.
Shak.

BODGE
Bodge, n.

Defn: A botch; a patch. [Dial.] Whitlock.

BODGE
Bodge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bodged.]

Defn: To botch; to mend clumsily; to patch. [Obs. or Dial.]

BODGE
Bodge, v. i.

Defn: See Budge.

BODHISAT; BODHISATTVA; BODHISATTWA
Bo"dhi*sat,  Bo`dhi*satt"va, Bo`dhi*satt"wa, n. [Skr. bodhisattva
(perh. through Pali bodhisatto); fr. bodhi knowledge, enlightenment +
sattva being, essence.] (Buddhism)

Defn: One who has reached the highest degree of saintship, so that in
his next incarnation he will be a Buddha, or savior of the world. --
Bo"dhi*sat`ship, n.

BODIAN
Bo"di*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large food fish (Diagramma lineatum), native of the East
Indies.

BODICE
Bod"ice, n. Etym: [This is properly the plural of body, Oe. bodise a
pair of bodies, equiv. to a bodice. Cf. Corset, and see Body.]

1. A kind of under waist stiffened with whalebone, etc., worn esp. by
women; a corset; stays.

2. A close-fitting outer waist or vest forming the upper part of a
woman's dress, or a portion of it.
Her bodice half way she unlaced. Prior.

BODICED
Bod"iced, a.

Defn: Wearing a bodice. Thackeray.

BODIED
Bod"ied, a.

Defn: Having a body; -- usually in composition; as, able-bodied.
A doe . . . not altogether so fat, but very good flesh and good
bodied. Hakluyt.

BODILESS
Bod"i*less, a.

1. Having no body.

2. Without material form; incorporeal.
Phantoms bodiless and vain. Swift.

BODILINESS
Bod"i*li*ness, n.

Defn: Corporeality. Minsheu.

BODILY
Bod"i*ly, a.

1. Having a body or material form; physical; corporeal; consisting of
matter.
You are a mere spirit, and have no knowledge of the bodily part of
us. Tatler.

2. Of or pertaining to the body, in distinction from the mind.
"Bodily defects." L'Estrange.

3. Real; actual; put in execution. [Obs.]
Be brought to bodily act. Shak.
Bodily fear, apprehension of physical injury.

Syn.
 -- See Corporal.

BODILY
Bod"i*ly, adv.

1. Corporeally; in bodily form; united with a body or matter; in the
body.
For in him dwelleth all the fullness of the Godhead bodily. Col. ii.
9

2. In respect to, or so as to affect, the entire body or mass;
entirely; all at once; completely; as, to carry away bodily. "Leapt
bodily below." Lowell.

BODING
Bod"ing, a.

Defn: Foreshowing; presaging; ominous.
 -- Bod"ing*ly, adv.

BODING
Bod"ing, n.

Defn: A prognostic; an omen; a foreboding.

BODKIN
Bod"kin, n. Etym: [OE. boydekyn dagger; of uncertain origin; cf. W.
bidog hanger, short sword, Ir. bideog, Gael. biodag.]

1. A dagger. [Obs.]
When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin. Shak.

2. (Needlework)

Defn: An implement of steel, bone, ivory, etc., with a sharp point,
for making holes by piercing; a

3. (Print.)

Defn: A sharp tool, like an awl, used for picking

4. A kind of needle with a large eye and a blunt point, for drawing
tape, ribbon, etc., through a loop or a hem; a tape needle.
Wedged whole ages in a bodkin's eye. Pope.

5. A kind of pin used by women to fasten the hair. To sit, ride, or
travel bodkin, to sit closely wedged between two persons. [Colloq.]
Thackeray.

BODKIN
Bod"kin, n.

Defn: See Baudekin. [Obs.] Shirley.

BODLE
Bo"dle, n.

Defn: A small Scotch coin worth about one sixth of an English penny.
Sir W. Scott.

BODLEIAN
Bod"lei*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Sir Thomas Bodley, or to the celebrated
library at Oxford, founded by him in the sixteenth century.

BODOCK
Bo*dock", n. Etym: [Corrupt. fr. bois d'arc.]

Defn: The Osage orange. [Southwestern U.S.]

BODRAGE
Bod"rage, n. Etym: [Prob. of Celtic origin: cf. Bordrage.]

Defn: A raid. [Obs.]

BOD VEAL
Bod veal.

Defn: Veal too immature to be suitable for food.

BODY
Bod"y, n.; pl. Bodies. Etym: [OE. bodi, AS. bodig; akin to OHG.
botah. sq. root257. Cf. Bodice.]

1. The material organized substance of an animal, whether living or
dead, as distinguished from the spirit, or vital principle; the
physical person.
Absent in body, but present in spirit. 1 Cor. v. 3
For of the soul the body form doth take. For soul is form, and doth
the body make. Spenser.

2. The trunk, or main part, of a person or animal, as distinguished
from the limbs and head; the main, central, or principal part, as of
a tree, army, country, etc.
Who set the body and the limbs Of this great sport together Shak.
The van of the king's army was led by the general; . . . in the body
was the king and the prince. Clarendon.
Rivers that run up into the body of Italy. Addison.

3. The real, as opposed to the symbolical; the substance, as opposed
to the shadow.
Which are a shadow of things to come; but the body is of Christ. Col.
ii. 17.

4. A person; a human being; -- frequently in composition; as,
anybody, nobody.
A dry, shrewd kind of a body. W. Irving.

5. A number of individuals spoken of collectively, usually as united
by some common tie, or as organized for some purpose; a collective
whole or totality; a corporation; as, a legislative body; a clerical
body.
A numerous body led unresistingly to the slaughter. Prescott.

6. A number of things or particulars embodied in a system; a general
collection; as, a great body of facts; a body of laws or of divinity.

7. Any mass or portion of matter; any substance distinct from others;
as, a metallic body; a moving body; an aëriform body. "A body of cold
air." Huxley.
By collision of two bodies, grind The air attrite to fire. Milton.

8. Amount; quantity; extent.

9. That part of a garment covering the body, as distinguished from
the parts covering the limbs.

10. The bed or box of a vehicle, on or in which the load is placed;
as, a wagon body; a cart body.

11. (Print.)

Defn: The shank of a type, or the depth of the shank (by which the
size is indicated); as, a nonpareil face on an agate body.

12. (Geom.)

Defn: A figure that has length, breadth, and thickness; any solid
figure.

13. Consistency; thickness; substance; strength; as, this color has
body; wine of a good body.

Note: Colors bear a body when they are capable of being ground so
fine, and of being mixed so entirely with oil, as to seem only a very
thick oil of the same color. After body (Naut.), the part of a ship
abaft the dead flat.
 -- Body cavity (Anat.), the space between the walls of the body and
the inclosed viscera; the cælum; -- in mammals, divided by the
diaphragm into thoracic and abdominal cavities.
 -- Body of a church, the nave.
 -- Body cloth; pl. Body cloths, a cloth or blanket for covering
horses.
 -- Body clothes. (pl.)

1. Clothing for the body; esp. underclothing.

2. Body cloths for horses. [Obs.] Addison.
 -- Body coat, a gentleman's dress coat.
 -- Body color (Paint.), a pigment that has consistency, thickness,
or body, in distinction from a tint or wash.
 -- Body of a law (Law), the main and operative part.
 -- Body louse (Zoöl.), a species of louse (Pediculus vestimenti),
which sometimes infests the human body and clothes. See Grayback.
 -- Body plan (Shipbuilding), an end elevation, showing the conbour
of the sides of a ship at certain points of her length.
 -- Body politic, the collective body of a nation or state as
politically organized, or as exercising political functions; also, a
corporation. Wharton.
As to the persons who compose the body politic or associate
themselves, they take collectively the name of "people", or "nation".
Bouvier.
-- Body servant, a valet.
 -- The bodies seven (Alchemy), the metals corresponding to the
planets. [Obs.]
Sol gold is, and Luna silver we threpe (=call), Mars yren (=iron),
Mercurie quicksilver we clepe, Saturnus lead, and Jupiter is tin, and
Venus coper. Chaucer.
-- Body snatcher, one who secretly removes without right or authority
a dead body from a grave, vault, etc.; a resurrectionist.
 -- Body snatching (Law), the unauthorized removal of a dead body
from the grave; usually for the purpose of dissection.

BODY
Bod"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bodied (p. pr. & vb. n. Bodying.]

Defn: To furnish with, or as with, a body; to produce in definite
shape; to embody. To body forth, to give from or shape to mentally.
Imagination bodies forth The forms of things unknown. Shak.

BODYGUARD
Bod"y*guard` (, n.

1. A guard to protect or defend the person; a lifeguard.

2. Retinue; attendance; following. Bp. Porteus.

BOEOTIAN
Boe*o"tian, a. Etym: [L. Boeotia, Gr. , noted for its moist, thick
atmosphere, and the dullness and stupidity of its inhabitants.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Boeotia; hence, stupid; dull; obtuse.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Boeotia; also, one who is dull and ignorant.

BOER
Boer, n. Etym: [D., a farmer. See Boor.]

Defn: A colonist or farmer in South Africa of Dutch descent.

BOES
Bo"es, 3d sing. pr. of Behove.

Defn: Behoves or behooves. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BOG
Bog, n. Etym: [Ir. & Gael. bog soft, tender, moist: cf. Ir. bogach
bog, moor, marsh, Gael. bogan quagmire.]

1. A quagmire filled with decayed moss and other vegetable matter;
wet spongy ground where a heavy body is apt to sink; a marsh; a
morass.
Appalled with thoughts of bog, or caverned pit, Of treacherous earth,
subsiding where they tread. R. Jago.

2. A little elevated spot or clump of earth, roots, and grass, in a
marsh or swamp. [Local, U. S.] Bog bean. See Buck bean.
 -- Bog bumper (bump, to make a loud noise), Bog blitter, Bog
bluiter, Bog jumper, the bittern. [Prov.] -- Bog butter, a
hydrocarbon of butterlike consistence found in the peat bogs of
Ireland.
 -- Bog earth (Min.), a soil composed for the most part of silex and
partially decomposed vegetable fiber. P. Cyc.
 -- Bog moss. (Bot.) Same as Sphagnum.
 -- Bog myrtle (Bot.), the sweet gale.
 -- Bog ore. (Min.) (a) An ore of iron found in boggy or swampy land;
a variety of brown iron ore, or limonite. (b) Bog manganese, the
hydrated peroxide of manganese.
 -- Bog rush (Bot.), any rush growing in bogs; saw grass.
 -- Bog spavin. See under Spavin.

BOG
Bog, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bogged; p. pr. & vb. n. Bogging.]

Defn: To sink, as into a bog; to submerge in a bog; to cause to sink
and stick, as in mud and mire.
At another time, he was bogged up to the middle in the slough of
Lochend. Sir W. Scott.

BOGBERRY
Bog"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The small cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccus), which grows in boggy
places.

BOGEY
Bo"gey, n.

Defn: A goblin; a bugbear. See Bogy.

BOGGARD
Bog"gard, n.

Defn: A bogey. [Local, Eng.]

BOGGLE
Bog"gle, v. i. [imp & p. p. Boggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Boggling.] Etym:
[ See Bogle, n.]

1. To stop or hesitate as if suddenly frightened, or in doubt, or
impeded by unforeseen difficulties; to take alarm; to exhibit
hesitancy and indecision.
We start and boggle at every unusual appearance. Glanvill.
Boggling at nothing which serveth their purpose. Barrow.

2. To do anything awkwardly or unskillfully.

3. To play fast and loose; to dissemble. Howell.

Syn.
 -- To doubt; hesitate; shrink; stickle; demur.

BOGGLE
Bog"gle, v. t.

Defn: To embarrass with difficulties; to make a bungle or botch of.
[Local, U. S.]

BOGGLER
Bog"gler, n.

Defn: One who boggles.

BOGGLISH
Bog"glish, a.

Defn: Doubtful; skittish. [Obs.]

BOGGY
Bog"gy, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or containing, a bog or bogs; of the nature of a
bog; swampy; as, boggy land.

BOGIE
Bo"gie, n. [A dialectic word. N. of Eng. & Scot.]

Defn: A four-wheeled truck, having a certain amount of play around a
vertical axis, used to support in part a locomotive on a railway
track.

BOGIE ENGINE
Bo"gie en"gine. (Railroads)

Defn: A switching engine the running gear and driving gear of which
are on a bogie, or truck.

BOGLE
Bo"gle, n. Etym: [Scot. and North Eng. bogle, bogill, bugill,
specter; as a verb, to terrify, fr. W. bwgwl threatening, fear, bwg,
bwgan, specter, hobgoblin. Cf. Bug.]

Defn: A goblin; a specter; a frightful phantom; a bogy; a bugbear.
[Written also boggle.]

BOGSUCKER
Bog"suck`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American woodcock; -- so called from its feeding among the
bogs.

BOGTROTTER
Bog"trot`ter, n.

Defn: One who lives in a boggy country; -- applied in derision to the
lowest class of Irish. Halliwell.

BOGTROTTING
Bog"trot`ting, a.

Defn: Living among bogs.

BOGUE
Bogue, v. i. (Naut.)

Defn: To fall off from the wind; to edge away to leeward; -- said
only of inferior craft.

BOGUE
Bogue, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The boce; -- called also bogue bream. See Boce.

BOGUS
Bo"gus, a. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Spurious; fictitious; sham; -- a cant term originally applied
to counterfeit coin, and hence denoting anything counterfeit.
[Colloq. U. S.]

BOGUS
Bo"gus, n.

Defn: A liquor made of rum and molasses. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

BOGWOOD
Bog"wood`, n.

Defn: The wood of trees, esp. of oaks, dug up from peat bogs. It is
of a shining black or ebony color, and is largely used for making
ornaments.

BOGY
Bo"gy, n.; pl. Bogies. Etym: [See Bogle.]

Defn: A specter; a hobgoblin; a bugbear. "Death's heads and bogies."
J. H. Newman. [Written also bogey.]
There are plenty of such foolish attempts at playing bogy in the
history of savages. C. Kingsley.

BOHEA
Bo*hea", n. Etym: [From Wu-i, pronounced by the Chinese bu-i, the
name of the hills where this kind of tea is grown.]

Defn: Bohea tea, an inferior kind of black tea. See under Tea.

Note: The name was formerly applied to superior kinds of black tea,
or to black tea in general.

BOHEMIA
Bo*he"mi*a, n.

1. A country of central Europe.

2. Fig.: The region or community of social Bohemians. See Bohemian,
n., 3.
She knew every one who was any one in the land of Bohemia. Compton
Reade.

BOHEMIAN
Bo*he"mi*an, a.

1. Of or pertaining to Bohemia, or to the language of its ancient
inhabitants or their descendants. See Bohemian, n., 2.

2. Of or pertaining to a social gypsy or "Bohemian" (see Bohemian,
n., 3); vagabond; unconventional; free and easy. [Modern]
Hers was a pleasant Bohemian life till she was five and thirty.
Blackw. Mag.
Artists have abandoned their Bohemian manners and customs nowadays.
W. Black.
Bohemian chatterer, or Bohemian waxwing (Zoöl.), a small bird of
Europe and America (Ampelis garrulus); the waxwing.
 -- Bohemian glass, a variety of hard glass of fine quality, made in
Bohemia. It is of variable composition, containing usually silica,
lime, and potash, rarely soda, but no lead. It is often remarkable
for beauty of color.

BOHEMIAN
Bo*he"mi*an, n.

1. A native of Bohemia.

2. The language of the Czechs (the ancient inhabitants of Bohemia),
the richest and most developed of the dialects of the Slavic family.

3. A restless vagabond; -- originally, an idle stroller or gypsy (as
in France) thought to have come from Bohemia; in later times often
applied to an adventurer in art or literature, of irregular,
unconventional habits, questionable tastes, or free morals. [Modern]

Note: In this sense from the French bohémien, a gypsy; also, a person
of irregular habits.
She was of a wild, roving nature, inherited from father and mother,
who were both Bohemians by taste and circumstances. Thackeray.

BOHEMIANISM
Bo*he"mi*an*ism, n.

Defn: The characteristic conduct or methods of a Bohemian. [Modern]

BOHUN UPAS
Bo"hun u"pas.

Defn: See Upas.

BOIAR
Bo*iar", n.

Defn: See Boyar.

BOIL
Boil, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Boiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Boiling.] Etym:
[OE. boilen, OF. boilir, builir, F. bouillir, fr. L. bullire to be in
a bubbling motion, from bulla bubble; akin to Gr. , Lith. bumbuls.
Cf. Bull an edict, Budge, v., and Ebullition.]

1. To be agitated, or tumultuously moved, as a liquid by the
generation and rising of bubbles of steam (or vapor), or of currents
produced by heating it to the boiling point; to be in a state of
ebullition; as, the water boils.

2. To be agitated like boiling water, by any other cause than heat;
to bubble; to effervesce; as, the boiling waves.
He maketh the deep to boil like a pot. Job xii. 31.

3. To pass from a liquid to an aëriform state or vapor when heated;
as, the water boils away.

4. To be moved or excited with passion; to be hot or fervid; as, his
blood boils with anger.
Then boiled my breast with flame and burning wrath. Surrey.

5. To be in boiling water, as in cooking; as, the potatoes are
boiling. To boil away, to vaporize; to evaporate or be evaporated by
the action of heat.
 -- To boil over, to run over the top of a vessel, as liquid when
thrown into violent agitation by heat or other cause of
effervescence; to be excited with ardor or passion so as to lose
self-control.

BOIL
Boil, v. t.

1. To heat to the boiling point, or so as to cause ebullition; as, to
boil water.

2. To form, or separate, by boiling or evaporation; as, to boil sugar
or salt.

3. To subject to the action of heat in a boiling liquid so as to
produce some specific effect, as cooking, cleansing, etc.; as, to
boil meat; to boil clothes.
The stomach cook is for the hall, And boileth meate for them all.
Gower.

4. To steep or soak in warm water. [Obs.]
To try whether seeds be old or new, the sense can not inform; but if
you boil them in water, the new seeds will sprout sooner. Bacon.
To boil down, to reduce in bulk by boiling; as, to boil down sap or
sirup.

BOIL
Boil, n.

Defn: Act or state of boiling. [Colloq.]

BOIL
Boil, n. Etym: [Influenced by boil, v. See Beal, Bile.]

Defn: A hard, painful, inflamed tumor, which, on suppuration,
discharges pus, mixed with blood, and discloses a small fibrous mass
of dead tissue, called the core. A blind boil, one that suppurates
imperfectly, or fails to come to a head.
 -- Delhi boil (Med.), a peculiar affection of the skin, probably
parasitic in origin, prevailing in India (as among the British
troops) and especially at Delhi.

BOILARY
Boil"a*ry, n.

Defn: See Boilery.

BOILED
Boiled, a.

Defn: Dressed or cooked by boiling; subjected to the action of a
boiling liquid; as, boiled meat; a boiled dinner; boiled clothes.

BOILER
Boil"er, n.

1. One who boils.

2. A vessel in which any thing is boiled.

Note: The word boiler is a generic term covering a great variety of
kettles, saucepans, clothes boilers, evaporators, coppers, retorts,
etc.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: A strong metallic vessel, usually of wrought iron plates
riveted together, or a composite structure variously formed, in which
steam is generated for driving engines, or for heating, cooking, or
other purposes.

Note: The earliest steam boilers were usually spheres or sections of
spheres, heated wholly from the outside. Watt used the wagon boiler
(shaped like the top of a covered wagon) which is still used with low
pressures. Most of the boilers in present use may be classified as
plain cylinder boilers, flue boilers, sectional and tubular boilers.
Barrel of a boiler, the cylindrical part containing the flues.
 -- Boiler plate, Boiler iron, plate or rolled iron of about a
quarter to a half inch in thickness, used for making boilers and
tanks, for covering ships, etc.
 -- Cylinder boiler, one which consists of a single iron cylinder.
 -- Flue boilers are usually single shells containing a small number
of large flues, through which the heat either passes from the fire or
returns to the chimney, and sometimes containing a fire box inclosed
by water.
 -- Locomotive boiler, a boiler which contains an inclosed fire box
and a large number of small flues leading to the chimney.
 -- Multiflue boiler. Same as Tubular boiler, below.
 -- Sectional boiler, a boiler composed of a number of sections,
which are usually of small capacity and similar to, and connected
with, each other. By multiplication of the sections a boiler of any
desired capacity can be built up.
 -- Tubular boiler, a boiler containing tubes which form flues, and
are surrounded by the water contained in the boiler. See Illust. of
Steam boiler, under Steam.
 -- Tubulous boiler. See under Tubulous. See Tube, n., 6, and 1st
Flue.

BOILERY
Boil"er*y, n. Etym: [Cf. F. bouillerie.]

Defn: A place and apparatus for boiling, as for evaporating brine in
salt making.

BOILING
Boil"ing, a.

Defn: Heated to the point of bubbling; heaving with bubbles; in
tumultuous agitation, as boiling liquid; surging; seething; swelling
with heat, ardor, or passion. Boiling point, the temperature at which
a fluid is converted into vapor, with the phenomena of ebullition.
This is different for different liquids, and for the same liquid
under different pressures. For water, at the level of the sea,
barometer 30 in., it is 212 º Fahrenheit; for alcohol, 172.96º; for
ether, 94.8º; for mercury, about 675º. The boiling point of water is
lowered one degree Fahrenheit for about 550 feet of ascent above the
level of the sea.
 -- Boiling spring, a spring which gives out very hot water, or water
and steam, often ejecting it with much force; a geyser.
 -- To be at the boiling point, to be very angry.
 -- To keep the pot boiling, to keep going on actively, as in certain
games. [Colloq.]

BOILING
Boil"ing, n.

1. The act of ebullition or of tumultuous agitation.

2. Exposure to the action of a hot liquid.

BOILINGLY
Boil"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With boiling or ebullition.
And lakes of bitumen rise boiling higher. Byron.

BOIS D'ARC
Bois" d'arc". Etym: [F., bow wood. So called because used for bows by
the Western Indians.] (Bot.)

Defn: The Osage orange (Maclura aurantiaca).
The bois d'arc seems to be the characteristic growth of the black
prairies. U. S. Census (1880).

BOIS DURCI
Bois" dur`ci". Etym: [F., hardened wood.]

Defn: A hard, highly polishable composition, made of fine sawdust
from hard wood (as rosewood) mixed with blood, and pressed.

BOIST
Boist, n. Etym: [OF. boiste, F. boîte, from the same root as E. box.]

Defn: A box. [Obs.]

BOISTEROUS
Bois"ter*ous, a. Etym: [OE. boistous; of uncertain origin; cf. W.
bwyst wild, savage, wildness, ferocity, bwystus ferocious.]

1. Rough or rude; unbending; unyielding; strong; powerful. [Obs.]
"Boisterous sword." "Boisterous hand." Shak.

2. Exhibiting tumultuous violence and fury; acting with noisy
turbulence; violent; rough; stormy.
The waters swell before a boisterous storm. Shak.
The brute and boisterous force of violent men. Milton.

3. Noisy; rough; turbulent; as, boisterous mirth; boisterous
behavior.
I like not that loud, boisterous man. Addison.

4. Vehement; excessive. [R.]
The heat becomes too powerful and boisterous for them. Woodward.

Syn.
 -- Loud; roaring; violent; stormy; turbulent; furious; tumultuous;
noisy; impetuous; vehement.

BOISTEROUSLY
Bois"ter*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a boisterous manner.

BOISTEROUSNESS
Bois"ter*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being boisterous; turbulence; disorder;
tumultuousness.

BOISTOUS
Bois"tous, a.

Defn: Rough or rude; coarse; strong; violent; boisterous; noisy.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- Bois"tous*ly, adv.
 -- Bois"tous*ness, n. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BOJANUS ORGAN
Bo*ja"nus or"gan. Etym: [From Bojanus, the discoverer.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A glandular organ of bivalve mollusca, serving in part as a
kidney.

BOKADAM
Bo"ka*dam`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Cerberus.

BOKE
Boke, v. t. & i.

Defn: To poke; to thrust. [Obs. or Dial.]

BOLAR
Bo"lar, a. Etym: [See Bole clay.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to bole or clay; partaking of the nature and
qualities of bole; clayey.

BOLAS
Bo"las, n. sing. & pl. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A kind of missile weapon consisting of one, two, or more balls
of stone, iron, or other material, attached to the ends of a leather
cord; -- used by the Gauchos of South America, and others, for
hurling at and entangling an animal.

BOLD
Bold, a. Etym: [OE. bald, bold, AS. bald, beald; akin to Icel. ballr,
OHG. bald, MHG. balt, D. boud, Goth. bal boldness, It. baldo. In Ger.
there remains only bald, adv. soon. Cf. Bawd, n.]

1. Forward to meet danger; venturesome; daring; not timorous or
shrinking from risk; brave; courageous.
Throngs of knights and barons bold. Milton.

2. Exhibiting or requiring spirit and contempt of danger; planned
with courage; daring; vigorous. "The bold design leased highly."
Milton.

3. In a bad sense, too forward; taking undue liberties; over assuming
or confident; lacking proper modesty or restraint; rude; impudent.
Thou art too wild, too rude and bold of voice. Shak.

4. Somewhat overstepping usual bounds, or conventional rules, as in
art, literature, etc.; taking liberties in o composition or
expression; as, the figures of an author are bold. "Bold tales."
Waller.
The cathedral church is a very bold work. Addison.

5. Standing prominently out to view; markedly conspicuous; striking
the eye; in high relief.
Shadows in painting . . . make the figure bolder. Dryden.

6. Steep; abrupt; prominent.
Where the bold cape its warning forehead rears. Trumbull.

BOLD
Bold, v. t.

Defn: To make bold or daring. [Obs.] Shak.

BOLD
Bold, v. i.

Defn: To be or become bold. [Obs.]

BOLD EAGLE
Bold eagle, (Zoöl.)

Defn: an Australian eagle (Aquila audax), which destroys lambs and
even the kangaroo.
 -- To make bold, to take liberties or the liberty; to venture.

Syn.
 -- Courageous; daring; brave; intrepid; fearless; dauntless;
valiant; manful; audacious; stouthearted; high-spirited; adventurous;
confident; strenuous; forward; impudent.

BOLDEN
Bold"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boldened. ]

Defn: To make bold; to encourage; to embolden.
Ready speakers, being boldened with their present abilities to say
more, . . . use less help of diligence and study. Ascham.

BOLD-FACED
Bold"-faced` (, a.

1. Somewhat impudent; lacking modesty; as, a bold-faced woman.
I have seen enough to confute all the bold-faced atheists of this
age. Bramhall.

2. (Print.)

Defn: Having a conspicuous or heavy face.

Note: This line is bold-faced nonpareil.

BOLDLY
Bold"ly, adv. Etym: [AS. bealdlice.]

Defn: In a bold manner.

BOLDNESS
Bold"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being bold.

Syn.
 -- Courage; bravery; intrepidity; dauntlessness; hardihood;
assurance.

BOLDO; BOLDU
Bol"do, Bol"du, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A fragrant evergreen shrub of Chili (Peumus Boldus). The bark
is used in tanning, the wood for making charcoal, the leaves in
medicine, and the drupes are eaten.

BOLE
Bole, n. Etym: [OE. bole, fr. Icel. bolr; akin to Sw. bål, Dan. bul,
trunk, stem of a tree, G. bohle a thick plank or board; cf. LG. boll
round. Cf. Bulge.]

Defn: The trunk or stem of a tree, or that which is like it.
Enormous elm-tree boles did stoop and lean. Tennyson.

BOLE
Bole, n. Etym: [Etym. doubtful.]

Defn: An aperture, with a wooden shutter, in the wall of a house, for
giving, occasionally, air or light; also, a small closet. [Scot.]
Open the bole wi'speed, that I may see if this be the right Lord
Geraldin. Sir W. Scott.

BOLE
Bole, n.

Defn: A measure. See Boll, n., 2. Mortimer.

BOLE
Bole, n. Etym: [Gr. a clod or lump of earth: cf. F. bol, and also L.
bolus morsel. Cf. Bolus.]

1. Any one of several varieties of friable earthy clay, usually
colored more or less strongly red by oxide of iron, and used to color
and adulterate various substances. It was formerly used in medicine.
It is composed essentially of hydrous silicates of alumina, or more
rarely of magnesia. See Clay, and Terra alba.

2. A bolus; a dose. Coleridge. Armenian bole. See under Armenian.
 -- Bole Armoniac, or Armoniak, Armenian bole. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BOLECTION
Bo*lec"tion, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A projecting molding round a panel. Same as Bilection. Gwilt.

BOLERO
Bo*le"ro, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Mus.)

Defn: A Spanish dance, or the lively music which accompanies it.

BOLETE
bolete n.

Defn: any fungus of the family Boletaceae.
[WordNet 1.5]

BOLETIC
Bo*let"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, the Boletus. Boletic acid, an
acid obtained from the Boletus fomentarius, variety pseudo-igniarius.
Same as Fumaric acid.

BOLETUS
Bo*le"tus, n. Etym: [L. boletus, Gr. .] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of fungi having the under side of the pileus or cap
composed of a multitude of fine separate tubes. A few are edible, and
others very poisonous.

BOLEY; BOLYE
Bo"ley, Bo"lye, n.

Defn: Same as Booly.

BOLIDE
Bo"lide, n. Etym: [F. See Bolis.]

Defn: A kind of meteor; a bolis.

BOLIS
Bo"lis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. missile, arrow, fr. to throw.]

Defn: A meteor or brilliant shooting star, followed by a train of
light or sparks; esp. one which explodes.

BOLIVIAN
Bo*liv"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Bolivia.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Bolivia.

BOLL
Boll, n. Etym: [OE. bolle boll, bowl, AS. bolla. See Bowl a vessel.]

1. The pod or capsule of a plant, as of flax or cotton; a pericarp of
a globular form.

2. A Scotch measure, formerly in use: for wheat and beans it
contained four Winchester bushels; for oats, barley, and potatoes,
six bushels. A boll of meal is 140 lbs. avoirdupois. Also, a measure
for salt of two bushels. [Sometimes spelled bole.]

BOLL
Boll, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bolled.]

Defn: To form a boll or seed vessel; to go to seed.
The barley was in the ear, and the flax was bolled. Ex. ix. 31.

BOLLANDISTS
Bol"land*ists, n. pl.

Defn: The Jesuit editors of the "Acta Sanctorum", or Lives of the
Saints; -- named from John Bolland, who began the work.

BOLLARD
Bol"lard, n. Etym: [Cf. Bole the stem of a tree, and Pollard.]

Defn: An upright wooden or iron post in a boat or on a dock, used in
veering or fastening ropes. Bollard timber (Naut.), a timber, also
called a knighthead, rising just within the stem in a ship, on either
side of the bowsprit, to secure its end.

BOLLEN
Boll"en, a.

Defn: See Boln, a.

BOLLING
Boll"ing, n. Etym: [Cf. Bole stem of a tree, and Poll, v. t.]

Defn: A tree from which the branches have been cut; a pollard.

BOLLWORM
Boll"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of a moth (Heliothis armigera) which devours the
bolls or unripe pods of the cotton plant, often doing great damage to
the crops.

BOLN
Boln, v. i. Etym: [OE. bolnen, bollen; cf. Dan. bulne. Cf. Bulge.]

Defn: To swell; to puff. Holland.

BOLN; BOLLEN
Boln, Boll"en, a.

Defn: Swollen; puffed out.
Thin, and boln out like a sail. B. Jonson.

BOLO
Bo"lo, n. [Sp.]

Defn: A kind of large knife resembling a machete. [Phil. Islands]

BOLOGNA
Bo*lo"gna, n.

1. A city of Italy which has given its name to various objects.

2. A Bologna sausage. Bologna sausage Etym: [It. salsiccia di
Bologna], a large sausage made of bacon or ham, veal, and pork,
chopped fine and inclosed in a skin.
 -- Bologna stone (Min.), radiated barite, or barium sulphate, found
in roundish masses composed of radiating fibers, first discovered
near Bologna. It is phosphorescent when calcined.
 -- Bologna vial, a vial of unannealed glass which will fly into
pieces when its surface is scratched by a hard body, as by dropping
into it a fragment of flint; whereas a bullet may be dropped into it
without injury.

BOLOGNESE
Bo*lo`gnese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Bologna.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Bologna. Bolognese school (Paint.), a school of
painting founded by the Carracci, otherwise called the Lombard or
Eclectic school, the object of which was to unite the excellences of
the preceding schools.

BOLOGNIAN
Bo*lo"gnian, a. & n.

Defn: Bolognese. Bolognian stone. See Bologna stone, under Bologna.

BOLOMETER
Bo*lom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. a stroke, ray + -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring minute quantities of radiant heat,
especially in different parts of the spectrum; -- called also actinic
balance, thermic balance. S. P. Langley.

BOLSA
Bol"sa, n. [Sp., lit., purse. See Bourse.]

Defn: An exchange for the transaction of business. [Sp. Amer. & Phil.
Islands]

BOLSTER
Bol"ster, n. Etym: [AS. bolster; akin to Icel. b, Sw. & Dan. bolster,
OHG. bolstar, polstar, G. polster; from the same root as E. bole
stem, bowl hollow vessel. Cf. Bulge, Poltroon.]

1. A long pillow or cushion, used to support the head of a person
lying on a bed; -- generally laid under the pillows.
And here I'll fling the pillow, there the bolster, This way the
coverlet, another way the sheets. Shak.

2. A pad, quilt, or anything used to hinder pressure, support any
part of the body, or make a bandage sit easy upon a wounded part; a
compress.
This arm shall be a bolster for thy head. Gay.

3. Anything arranged to act as a support, as in various forms of
mechanism, etc.

4. (Saddlery)

Defn: A cushioned or a piece part of a saddle.

5. (Naut.)
(a) A cushioned or a piece of soft wood covered with tarred canvas,
placed on the trestletrees and against the mast, for the collars of
the shrouds to rest on, to prevent chafing.
(b) Anything used to prevent chafing.

6. A plate of iron or a mass of wood under the end of a bridge
girder, to keep the girder from resting directly on the abutment.

7. A transverse bar above the axle of a wagon, on which the bed or
body rests.

8. The crossbeam forming the bearing piece of the body of a railway
car; the central and principal cross beam of a car truck.

9. (Mech.)

Defn: the perforated plate in a punching machine on which anything
rests when being punched.

10. (Cutlery)
(a) That part of a knife blade which abuts upon the end of the
handle.
(b) The metallic end of a pocketknife handle. G. Francis.

11. (Arch.)

Defn: The rolls forming the ends or sides of the Ionic capital. G.
Francis.

12. (Mil.)

Defn: A block of wood on the carriage of a siege gun, upon which the
breech of the gun rests when arranged for transportation.

Note: [See Illust. of Gun carriage.] Bolster work (Arch.), members
which are bellied or curved outward like cushions, as in friezes of
certain classical styles.

BOLSTER
Bol"ster, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bolstered (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bolstering.]

1. To support with a bolster or pillow. S. Sharp.

2. To support, hold up, or maintain with difficulty or unusual
effort; -- often with up.
To bolster baseness. Drayton.
Shoddy inventions designed to bolster up a factitious pride. Compton
Reade.

BOLSTERED
Bol"stered, a.

1. Supported; upheld.

2. Swelled out.

BOLSTERER
Bol"ster*er, n.

Defn: A supporter.

BOLT
Bolt, n. Etym: [AS. bolt; akin to Icel. bolti, Dan. bolt, D. bout,
OHG. bolz, G. bolz, bolzen; of uncertain origin.]

1. A shaft or missile intended to be shot from a crossbow or
catapult, esp. a short, stout, blunt-headed arrow; a quarrel; an
arrow, or that which resembles an arrow; a dart.
Look that the crossbowmen lack not bolts. Sir W. Scott.
A fool's bolt is soon shot. Shak.

2. Lightning; a thunderbolt.

3. A strong pin, of iron or other material, used to fasten or hold
something in place, often having a head at one end and screw thread
cut upon the other end.

4. A sliding catch, or fastening, as for a door or gate; the portion
of a lock which is shot or withdrawn by the action of the key.

5. An iron to fasten the legs of a prisoner; a shackle; a fetter.
[Obs.]
Away with him to prison! lay bolts enough upon him. Shak.

6. A compact package or roll of cloth, as of canvas or silk, often
containing about forty yards.

7. A bundle, as of oziers. Bolt auger, an auger of large size; an
auger to make holes for the bolts used by shipwrights.
 -- Bolt and nut, a metallic pin with a head formed upon one end, and
a movable piece (the nut) screwed upon a thread cut upon the other
end. See B, C, and D, in illust. above.

Note: See Tap bolt, Screw bolt, and Stud bolt.

BOLT
Bolt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bolted; p. pr. & vb. n. Bolting.]

1. To shoot; to discharge or drive forth.

2. To utter precipitately; to blurt or throw out.
I hate when Vice can bolt her arguments. Milton.

3. To swallow without chewing; as, to bolt food.

4. (U. S. Politics)

Defn: To refuse to support, as a nomination made by a party to which
one has belonged or by a caucus in which one has taken part.

5. (Sporting)

Defn: To cause to start or spring forth; to dislodge, as conies,
rabbits, etc.

6. To fasten or secure with, or as with, a bolt or bolts, as a door,
a timber, fetters; to shackle; to restrain.
Let tenfold iron bolt my door. Langhorn.
Which shackles accidents and bolts up change. Shak.

BOLT
Bolt, v. i.

1. To start forth like a bolt or arrow; to spring abruptly; to come
or go suddenly; to dart; as, to bolt out of the room.
This Puck seems but a dreaming dolt, . . . And oft out of a bush doth
bolt. Drayton.

2. To strike or fall suddenly like a bolt.
His cloudless thunder bolted on their heads. Milton.

3. To spring suddenly aside, or out of the regular path; as, the
horse bolted.

4. (U.S. Politics)

Defn: To refuse to support a nomination made by a party or a caucus
with which one has been connected; to break away from a party.

BOLT
Bolt, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a bolt; suddenly; straight; unbendingly.
[He] came bolt up against the heavy dragoon. Thackeray.
Bolt upright. (a) Perfectly upright; perpendicular; straight up;
unbendingly erect. Addison. (b) On the back at full length. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

BOLT
Bolt, n. Etym: [From Bolt, v. i.]

1. A sudden spring or start; a sudden spring aside; as, the horse
made a bolt.

2. A sudden flight, as to escape creditors.
This gentleman was so hopelessly involved that he contemplated a bolt
to America -- or anywhere. Compton Reade.

3. (U. S. Politics)

Defn: A refusal to support a nomination made by the party with which
one has been connected; a breaking away from one's party.

BOLT
Bolt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bolted; p. pr. & vb. n. Bolting.] Etym:
[OE. bolten, boulten, OF. buleter, F. bluter, fr. Ll. buletare,
buratare, cf. F. bure coarse woolen stuff; fr. L. burrus red. See
Borrel, and cf. Bultel.]

1. To sift or separate the coarser from the finer particles of, as
bran from flour, by means of a bolter; to separate, assort, refine,
or purify by other means.
He now had bolted all the flour. Spenser.
Ill schooled in bolted language. Shak.

2. To separate, as if by sifting or bolting; -- with out.
Time and nature will bolt out the truth of things. L'Estrange.

3. (Law)

Defn: To discuss or argue privately, and for practice, as cases at
law. Jacob. To bolt to the bran, to examine thoroughly, so as to
separate or discover everything important. Chaucer.
This bolts the matter fairly to the bran. Harte.
The report of the committee was examined and sifted and bolted to the
bran. Burke.

BOLT
Bolt, n.

Defn: A sieve, esp. a long fine sieve used in milling for bolting
flour and meal; a bolter. B. Jonson.

BOLTEL
Bol"tel, n.

Defn: See Boultel.

BOLTER
Bolt"er, n.

Defn: One who bolts; esp.: (a) A horse which starts suddenly aside.
(b) A man who breaks away from his party.

BOLTER
Bolt"er, n.

1. One who sifts flour or meal.

2. An instrument or machine for separating bran from flour, or the
coarser part of meal from the finer; a sieve.

BOLTER
Bolt"er, n.

Defn: A kind of fishing line. See Boulter.

BOLTHEAD
Bolt"head` (, n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A long, straightnecked, glass vessel for chemical
distillations; -- called also a matrass or receiver.

2. The head of a bolt.

BOLTING
Bolt"ing, n.

Defn: A darting away; a starting off or aside.

BOLTING
Bolt"ing, n.

1. A sifting, as of flour or meal.

2. (Law)

Defn: A private arguing of cases for practice by students, as in the
Inns of Court. [Obs.] Bolting cloth, wire, hair, silk, or other sieve
cloth of different degrees of fineness; -- used by millers for
sifting flour. McElrath.
 -- Bolting hutch, a bin or tub for the bolted flour or meal; (fig.)
a receptacle.

BOLTONITE
Bol"ton*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A granular mineral of a grayish or yellowish color, found in
Bolton, Massachusetts. It is a silicate of magnesium, belonging to
the chrysolite family.

BOLTROPE
Bolt"rope` (, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope stitched to the edges of a sail to strengthen the sail.

BOLTSPRIT
Bolt"sprit` (, n. Etym: [A corruption of bowsprit.] (Naut.)

Defn: See Bowsprit.

BOLTY
Bol"ty, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An edible fish of the Nile (genus Chromis). [Written also
bulti.]

BOLUS
Bo"lus, n.; pl. Boluses. Etym: [L. bolus bit, morsel; cf. G. lump of
earth. See Bole, n., clay.]

Defn: A rounded mass of anything, esp. a large pill.

BOM
Bom, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large American serpent, so called from the sound it makes.

BOMB
Bomb, n. Etym: [F. bombe bombshell, fr. L. bombus a humming or
buzzing noise, Gr. .]

1. A great noise; a hollow sound. [Obs.]
A pillar of iron . . . which if you had struck, would make . . . a
great bomb in the chamber beneath. Bacon.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A shell; esp. a spherical shell, like those fired from mortars.
See Shell.

3. A bomb ketch. Bomb chest (Mil.), a chest filled with bombs, or
only with gunpowder, placed under ground, to cause destruction by its
explosion.
 -- Bomb ketch, Bomb vessel (Naut.), a small ketch or vessel, very
strongly built, on which mortars are mounted to be used in naval
bombardments; -- called also mortar vessel.
 -- Bomb lance, a lance or harpoon with an explosive head, used in
whale fishing.
 -- Volcanic bomb, a mass of lava of a spherical or pear shape. "I
noticed volcanic bombs." Darwin.

BOMB
Bomb, v. t.

Defn: To bombard. [Obs.] Prior.

BOMB
Bomb, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Boom.]

Defn: To sound; to boom; to make a humming or buzzing sound. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.

BOMBACE
Bom"bace, n. Etym: [OF.]

Defn: Cotton; padding. [Obs.]

BOMBARD
Bom"bard, n. Etym: [F. bombarde, LL. bombarda, fr. L. bombus + -ard.
Cf. Bumper, and see Bomb.]

1. (Gun.)

Defn: A piece of heavy ordnance formerly used for throwing stones and
other ponderous missiles. It was the earliest kind of cannon.
They planted in divers places twelve great bombards, wherewith they
threw huge stones into the air, which, falling down into the city,
might break down the houses. Knolles.

2. A bombardment. [Poetic & R.] J. Barlow.

3. A large drinking vessel or can, or a leather bottle, for carrying
liquor or beer. [Obs.]
Yond same black cloud, yond huge one, looks like a foul bombard that
would shed his liquor. Shak.

4. pl.

Defn: Padded breeches. [Obs.] Bombard phrase, inflated language;
bombast. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

BOMBARD
Bom"bard, n. Etym: [OE. bombarde, fr. F. bombarde.] (Mus.)

Defn: See Bombardo. [Obs.]

BOMBARD
Bom*bard", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bombarded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bombarding.]

Defn: To attack with bombards or with artillery; especially, to throw
shells, hot shot, etc., at or into.
Next, she means to bombard Naples. Burke.
His fleet bombarded and burnt down Dieppe. Wood.

BOMBARDIER
Bom`bar*dier", n. Etym: [F. bombardier.] (Mil.)
(a) One who used or managed a bombard; an artilleryman; a gunner.
[Archaic]
(b) A noncommissioned officer in the British artillery. Bombardier
beetle (Zoöl.), a kind of beetle (Brachinus crepitans), so called
because, when disturbed, it makes an explosive discharge of a pungent
and acrid vapor from its anal glands. The name is applied to other
related species, as the B. displosor, which can produce ten or twelve
explosions successively. The common American species is B. fumans.

BOMBARDMAN
Bom"bard*man, n.

Defn: One who carried liquor or beer in a can or bombard. [Obs.]
They . . . made room for a bombardman that brought bouge for a
country lady. B. Jonson.

BOMBARDMENT
Bom*bard"ment, n. Etym: [F. bombardement.]

Defn: An attack upon a fortress or fortified town, with shells, hot
shot, rockets, etc.; the act of throwing bombs and shot into a town
or fortified place.

BOMBARDO; BOMBARDON
Bom*bar"do, Bom*bar"don, n. Etym: [It. bombardo.] (Mus.)

Defn: Originally, a deep-toned instrument of the oboe or bassoon
family; thence, a bass reed stop on the organ. The name bombardon is
now given to a brass instrument, the lowest of the saxhorns, in tone
resembling the ophicleide. Grove.

BOMBASINE
Bom`ba*sine", n.

Defn: Same as Bombazine.

BOMBAST
Bom"bast, n. Etym: [OF. bombace cotton, LL. bombax cotton, bombasium
a doublet of cotton; hence, padding, wadding, fustian. See
Bombazine.]

1. Originally, cotton, or cotton wool. [Obs.]
A candle with a wick of bombast. Lupton.

2. Cotton, or any soft, fibrous material, used as stuffing for
garments; stuffing; padding. [Obs.]
How now, my sweet creature of bombast! Shak.
Doublets, stuffed with four, five, or six pounds of bombast at least.
Stubbes.

3. Fig.: High-sounding words; an inflated style; language above the
dignity of the occasion; fustian.
Yet noisy bombast carefully avoid. Dryden.

BOMBAST
Bom"bast, a.

Defn: High-sounding; inflated; big without meaning; magniloquent;
bombastic.
[He] evades them with a bombast circumstance,
Horribly stuffed with epithets of war. Shak.
Nor a tall metaphor in bombast way. Cowley.

BOMBAST
Bom*bast", v. t.

Defn: To swell or fill out; to pad; to inflate. [Obs.]
Not bombasted with words vain ticklish ears to feed. Drayton.

BOMBASTIC; BOMBASTICAL
Bom*bas"tic, Bom*bas"tic*al, a.

Defn: Characterized by bombast; highsounding; inflated.
 -- Bom*bas"tic*al*ly, adv.
A theatrical, bombastic, windy phraseology. Burke.

Syn.
 -- Turgid; tumid; pompous; grandiloquent.

BOMBASTRY
Bom"bast*ry, n.

Defn: Swelling words without much meaning; bombastic language;
fustian.
Bombastry and buffoonery, by nature lofty and light, soar highest of
all. Swift.

BOMBAX
Bom"bax, n. Etym: [LL., cotton. See Bombast, n.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees, called also the silkcotton tree; also, a tree
of the genus Bombax.

BOMBAZET; BOMBAZETTE
Bom`ba*zet" Bom`ba*zette", n. Etym: [Cf. Bombazine.]

Defn: A sort of thin woolen cloth. It is of various colors, and may
be plain or twilled.

BOMBAZINE
Bom`ba*zine", n. Etym: [F. bombasin, LL. bombacinium, bambacinium, L.
bombycinus silken, bombycinum a silk or cotton texture, fr. bombyx
silk, silkworm, Gr. . Cf. Bombast, Bombycinous.]

Defn: A twilled fabric for dresses, of which the warp is silk, and
the weft worsted. Black bombazine has been much used for mourning
garments. [Sometimes spelt bombasin, and bombasine.] Tomlinson.

BOMBIC
Bom"bic, a. Etym: [L. bombyx silk, silkworm: cf. F. bombique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, the silkworm; as, bombic acid.

BOMBILATE
Bom"bi*late, v. i. Etym: [LL. bombilare, for L. bombitare. See Bomb,
n.]

Defn: To hum; to buzz. [R.]

BOMBILATION
Bom`bi*la"tion, n.

Defn: A humming sound; a booming.
To . . . silence the bombilation of guns. Sir T. Browne.

BOMBINATE
Bom"bi*nate, v. i.

Defn: To hum; to boom.

BOMBINATION
Bom`bi*na"tion, n.

Defn: A humming or buzzing.

BOMBOLO
Bom"bo*lo, n.; pl. Bomboloes. Etym: [Cf. It bombola a pitcher.]

Defn: A thin spheroidal glass retort or flask, used in the
sublimation of camphor. [Written also bumbelo, and bumbolo.]

BOMBPROOF
Bomb"proof`, a.

Defn: Secure against the explosive force of bombs.
 -- n.

Defn: A structure which heavy shot and shell will not penetrate.

BOMBSHELL
Bomb"shell` (, n.

Defn: A bomb. See Bomb, n.

BOMBYCID
Bom*by"cid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the genus Bombyx, or the family
Bombycidæ.

BOMBYCINOUS
Bom*byc"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. bombycinus. See Bombazine.]

1. Silken; made of silk. [Obs.] Coles.

2. Being of the color of the silkworm; transparent with a yellow
tint. E. Darwin.

BOMBYLIOUS
Bom*byl"i*ous, a. Etym: [L. bombylius a bumblebee, Gr. .]

Defn: Buzzing, like a bumblebee; as, the bombylious noise of the
horse fly. [Obs.] Derham.

BOMBYX
Bom"byx, n. Etym: [L., silkworm. See Bombazine.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of moths, which includes the silkworm moth. See
Silkworm.

BON
Bon, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. bonus.]

Defn: Good; valid as security for something.

BON-ACCORD
Bon-ac*cord", n.

Defn: Good will; good fellowship; agreement. [Scot.]

BONACI
Bo`na*ci", n. [Amer. Sp. bonasí, prob. from native name.] (Zoöl.)
 (a) A large grouper (Mycteroperca bonaci) of Florida and the West
Indies, valuable as a food fish; -- called also aguaji and, in
Florida, black grouper.
 (b) Also, any one of several other similar fishes.

BONA FIDE
Bo"na fi"de. Etym: [L.]

Defn: In or with good faith; without fraud or deceit; real or really;
actual or actually; genuine or genuinely; as, you must proceed bona
fide; a bona fide purchaser or transaction.

BONA FIDES
Bo"na fi"des (bo"na fi"dez). [L.]

Defn: Good faith; honesty; freedom from fraud or deception.

BONAIR
Bo*nair", a. Etym: [OE., also bonere, OF. bonnaire, Cotgr., abbrev.
of debonnaire. See Debonair.]

Defn: Gentle; courteous; complaisant; yielding. [Obs.]

BONANZA
Bo*nan"za, n. Etym: [Sp., prop. calm., fair weather, prosperity, fr.
L. bonus good.]

Defn: In mining, a rich mine or vein of silver or gold; hence,
anything which is a mine of wealth or yields a large income. [Colloq.
U. S.]

BONAPARTEAN
Bo`na*part"e*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Napoleon Bonaparte or his family.

BONAPARTISM
Bo"na*part`ism, n.

Defn: The policy of Bonaparte or of the Bonapartes.

BONAPARTIST
Bo"na*part`ist, n.

Defn: One attached to the policy or family of Bonaparte, or of the
Bonapartes.

BONA PERITURA
Bo"na per`i*tu"ra. Etym: [L.] (Law)

Defn: Perishable goods. Bouvier.

BONA ROBA
Bo"na ro"ba. Etym: [It., prop. "good stuff."]

Defn: A showy wanton; a courtesan. Shak

BONASUS; BONASSUS
Bo*na"sus, Bo*nas"sus, n. Etym: [L. bonasus, Gr. , .] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The aurochs or European bison. See Aurochs.

BONBON
Bon"bon`, n. Etym: [F. bonbon, fr. bon bon very good, a superlative
by reduplication, fr. bon good.]

Defn: Sugar confectionery; a sugarplum; hence, any dainty.

BONBONNIERE
Bon`bon`nière", n.; pl. -nières (#). [F.]

Defn: A small fancy box or dish for bonbons.

BONCE
Bonce, n. Etym: [Etymol. unknown.]

Defn: A boy's game played with large marbles.

BONCHRETIEN
Bon`chré`tien", n. Etym: [F., good Christian.]

Defn: A name given to several kinds of pears. See Bartlett.

BONCILATE
Bon"ci*late, n. Etym: [Empirical trade name.]

Defn: A substance composed of ground bone, mineral matters, etc.,
hardened by pressure, and used for making billiard balls, boxes, etc.

BOND
Bond, n. Etym: [The same word as band. Cf. Band, Bend.]

1. That which binds, ties, fastens,or confines, or by which anything
is fastened or bound, as a cord, chain, etc.; a band; a ligament; a
shackle or a manacle.
Gnawing with my teeth my bonds in sunder, I gained my freedom. Shak.

2. pl.

Defn: The state of being bound; imprisonment; captivity, restraint.
"This man doeth nothing worthy of death or of bonds." Acts xxvi.

3. A binding force or influence; a cause of union; a uniting tie; as,
the bonds of fellowship.
A people with whom I have no tie but the common bond of mankind.
Burke.

4. Moral or political duty or obligation.
I love your majesty According to my bond, nor more nor less. Shak.

5. (Law)

Defn: A writing under seal, by which a person binds himself, his
heirs, executors, and administrators, to pay a certain sum on or
before a future day appointed. This is a single bond. But usually a
condition is added, that, if the obligor shall do a certain act,
appear at a certain place, conform to certain rules, faithfully
perform certain duties, or pay a certain sum of money, on or before a
time specified, the obligation shall be void; otherwise it shall
remain in full force. If the condition is not performed, the bond
becomes forfeited, and the obligor and his heirs are liable to the
payment of the whole sum. Bouvier. Wharton.

6. An instrument (of the nature of the ordinary legal bond) made by a
government or a corporation for purpose of borrowing money; as, a
government, city, or railway bond.

7. The state of goods placed in a bonded warehouse till the duties
are paid; as, merchandise in bond.

8. (Arch.)

Defn: The union or tie of the several stones or bricks forming a
wall. The bricks may be arranged for this purpose in several
different ways, as in English or block bond (Fig. 1), where one
course consists of bricks with their ends toward the face of the
wall, called headers, and the next course of bricks with their
lengths parallel to the face of the wall, called stretchers; Flemish
bond (Fig.2), where each course consists of headers and stretchers
alternately, so laid as always to break joints; Cross bond, which
differs from the English by the change of the second stretcher line
so that its joints come in the middle of the first, and the same
position of stretchers comes back every fifth line; Combined cross
and English bond, where the inner part of the wall is laid in the one
method, the outer in the other.

9. (Chem.)

Defn: A unit of chemical attraction; as, oxygen has two bonds of
affinity. It is often represented in graphic formulæ by a short line
or dash. See Diagram of Benzene nucleus, and Valence. Arbitration
bond. See under Arbitration.
 -- Bond crediter (Law), a creditor whose debt is secured by a bond.
Blackstone.
 -- Bond debt (Law), a debt contracted under the obligation of a
bond. Burrows.
 -- Bond (or lap) of a slate, the distance between the top of one
slate and the bottom or drip of the second slate above, i. e., the
space which is covered with three thicknesses; also, the distance
between the nail of the under slate and the lower edge of the upper
slate.
 -- Bond timber, timber worked into a wall to tie or strengthen it
longitudinally.

Syn.
 -- Chains; fetters; captivity; imprisonment.

BOND
Bond, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bonded; p. pr. & vb. n. Bonding.]

1. To place under the conditions of a bond; to mortgage; to secure
the payment of the duties on (goods or merchandise) by giving a bond.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: To dispose in building, as the materials of a wall, so as to
secure solidity.

BOND
Bond, n. Etym: [OE. bond, bonde, peasant, serf, AS. bonda]C, bunda,
husband, bouseholder, from Icel. b husbandman, for b, fr. b to dwell.
See Boor, Husband.]

Defn: A xassal or serf; a slave. [Obs. or Archaic]

BOND
Bond, a.

Defn: In a state of servitude or slavery; captive.
By one Spirit are we all baptized .. whether we be Jews or Bentiles,
whether we be bond or free. 1 Cor. xii. 13.

BONDAGE
Bond"age, n. Etym: [LL. bondagium. See Bond, a.]

1. The state of being bound; condition of being under restraint;
restraint of personal liberty by compulsion; involuntary servitude;
slavery; captivity.
The King, when he designed you for my guard, Resolved he would not
make my bondage hard. Dryden.

2. Obligation; tie of duty.
He must resolve by no means to be . . . brought under the bondage of
onserving oaths. South.

3. (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: Villenage; tenure of land on condition of doing the meanest
services for the owner.

Syn.
 -- Thralldom; bond service; imprisonment.

BONDAGER
Bond"a*ger, n.

Defn: A field worker, esp. a woman who works in the field. [Scot.]

BONDAR
Bon"dar, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small quadruped of Bengal (Paradoxurus bondar), allied to the
genet; -- called also musk cat.

BONDED
Bond"ed, a.

Defn: Placed under, or covered by, a bond, as for the payment of
duties, or for conformity to coertain regulations. Bonded goods,
goods placed in a bonded warehouse; goods, for the duties on which
bonds are given at the customhouse.
 -- Bonded warehouse, a warehouse in which goods on which the duties
are unpaid are stored under bond and in the joint custody of the
importer, or his agent, and the customs officers.

BONDER
Bond"er, n.

1. One who places goods under bond or in a bonded warehouse.

2. (Masonry)

Defn: A bonding stone or brick; a bondstone.

BONDER
Bond"er, n. Etym: [Norwegian bonde.]

Defn: A freeholder on a small scale. [Norway] Emerson.

BONDHOLDER
Bond"hold`er, n.

Defn: A person who holds the bonds of a public or private corporation
for the payment of money at a certain time.

BONDMAID
Bond"maid`, n. Etym: [Bond,a.orn.+ maid.]

Defn: A female slave, or one bound to service without wages, as
distinguished from a hired servant.

BONDMAN
Bond"man, n.; pl. Bondmen. Etym: [Bond,a.orn.+ man.]

1. A man slave, or one bound to service without wages. "To
enfranchise bondmen." Macaulay.

2. (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: A villain, or tenant in villenage.

BOND SERVANT
Bond" serv`ant.

Defn: A slave; one who is bound to service without wages.
If thy brother . . . be waxen poor, and be sold unto thee; thou shalt
not compel him to serve as a bond servant: but as an hired servant.
Lev. xxv. 39, 40.

BOND SERVICE
Bond" serv`ice.

Defn: The condition of a bond servant; sevice without wages; slavery.
Their children . . . upon those did Solomon levy a tribute of bond
service. 1 Kings ix. 21.

BONDSLAVE
Bond"slave` (, n.

Defn: A person in a state of slavery; one whose person and liberty
are subjected to the authority of a master.

BONDSMAN
Bonds"man, n.; pl. Bondsmen . Etym: [Bond,a.orn.+ man.]

1. A slave; a villain; a serf; a bondman.
Carnal, greedy people, without such a precept, would have no mercy
upon their poor bondsmen. Derham.

2. (Law)

Defn: A surety; one who is bound, or who gives security, for another.

BONDSTONE
Bond"stone`, n. Etym: [Bond,n.+ stone.] (Masonry)

Defn: A stone running through a wall from one face to another, to
bind it together; a binding stone.

BONDSWOMAN
Bonds"wom`an, n.

Defn: See Bondwoman.

BONDUC
Bon"duc, n. Etym: [F. bonduc, fr. Ar. bunduq hazel nut, filbert nut.]
(Bot.)

Defn: See Nicker tree.

BONDWOMAN
Bond"wom`an, n.; pl. Bondwomen. Etym: [Bond,a.orn.+ woman.]

Defn: A woman who is a slave, or in bondage.
He who was of the bondwoman. Gal. iv. 23.

BONE
Bone, n. Etym: [OE. bon, ban, AS. ban; akin to Icel. bein, Sw. ben,
Dan. & D. been, G. bein bone, leg; cf. Icel. beinn straight.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The hard, calcified tissue of the skeleton of vertebrate
animals, consisting very largely of calcic carbonate, calcic
phosphate, and gelatine; as, blood and bone.

Note: Even in the hardest parts of bone there are many minute
cavities containing living matter and connected by minute canals,
some of which connect with larger canals through which blood vessels
ramify.

2. One of the pieces or parts of an animal skeleton; as, a rib or a
thigh bone; a bone of the arm or leg; also, any fragment of bony
substance. (pl.) The frame or skeleton of the body.

3. Anything made of bone, as a bobbin for weaving bone lace.

4. pl.

Defn: Two or four pieces of bone held between the fingers and struck
together to make a kind of music.

5. pl.

Defn: Dice.

6. Whalebone; hence, a piece of whalebone or of steel for a corset.

7. Fig.: The framework of anything. A bone of contention, a subject
of contention or dispute.
 -- A bone to pick, something to investigate, or to busy one's self
about; a dispute to be settled (with some one).
 -- Bone ash, the residue from calcined bones; -- used for making
cupels, and for cleaning jewelry.
 -- Bone black (Chem.), the black, carbonaceous substance into which
bones are converted by calcination in close vessels; -- called also
animal charcoal. It is used as a decolorizing material in filtering
sirups, extracts, etc., and as a black pigment. See Ivory black,
under Black.
 -- Bone cave, a cave in which are found bones of extinct or recent
animals, mingled sometimes with the works and bones of man. Am. Cyc.
 -- Bone dust, ground or pulverized bones, used as a fertilizer.
 -- Bone earth (Chem.), the earthy residuum after the calcination of
bone, consisting chiefly of phosphate of calcium.
 -- Bone lace, a lace made of linen thread, so called because woven
with bobbins of bone.
 -- Bone oil, an oil obtained by, heating bones (as in the
manufacture of bone black), and remarkable for containing the
nitrogenous bases, pyridine and quinoline, and their derivatives; --
also called Dippel's oil.
 -- Bone setter. Same as Bonesetter. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Bone shark (Zoöl.), the basking shark.
 -- Bone spavin. See under Spavin.
 -- Bone turquoise, fossil bone or tooth of a delicate blue color,
sometimes used as an imitation of true turquoise.
 -- Bone whale (Zoöl.), a right whale.
 -- To be upon the bones of, to attack. [Obs.] -- To make no bones,
to make no scruple; not to hesitate. [Low] -- To pick a bone with, to
quarrel with, as dogs quarrel over a bone; to settle a disagreement.
[Colloq.]

BONE
Bone, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boned (; p. pr. & vb. n. Boning.]

1. To withdraw bones from the flesh of, as in cookery. "To bone a
turkey." Soyer.

2. To put whalebone into; as, to bone stays. Ash.

3. To fertilize with bone.

4. To steal; to take possession of. [Slang]

BONE
Bone, v. t. Etym: [F. bornoyer to look at with one eye, to sight, fr.
borgne one-eyed.]

Defn: To sight along an object or set of objects, to see if it or
they be level or in line, as in carpentry, masonry, and surveying.
Knight.
Joiners, etc., bone their work with two straight edges. W. M.
Buchanan.

BONEACHE
Bone"ache`, n.

Defn: Pain in the bones. Shak.

BONEBLACK
Bone"black`, n.

Defn: See Bone black, under Bone, n.

BONED
Boned, a.

1. Having (such) bones; -- used in composition; as, big-boned;
strong-boned.
No big-boned men framed of the Cyclops' size. Shak.

2. Deprived of bones; as, boned turkey or codfish.

3. Manured with bone; as, boned land.

BONEDOG
Bone"dog`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The spiny dogfish.

BONEFISH
Bone"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Ladyfish.

BONELESS
Bone"less, a.

Defn: Without bones. "Boneless gums." Shak.

BONESET
Bone"set`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A medicinal plant, the thoroughwort (Eupatorium perfoliatum).
Its properties are diaphoretic and tonic.

BONESETTER
Bone"set*ter, n.

Defn: One who sets broken or dislocated bones; -- commonly applied to
one, not a regular surgeon, who makes an occupation of setting bones.
 -- Bone"set*ting, n.

BONESHAW
Bone"shaw, n. (Med.)

Defn: Sciatica. [Obs.]

BONETTA
Bo*net"ta, n.

Defn: See Bonito. Sir T. Herbert.

BONFIRE
Bon"fire`, n. Etym: [OE. bonefire, banefire, orig. a fire of bones;
bone + fire; but cf. also Prov. E. bun a dry stalk.]

Defn: A large fire built in the open air, as an expression of public
joy and exultation, or for amusement.
Full soon by bonfire and by bell, We learnt our liege was passing
well. Gay.

BONGO
Bon"go (bon"go), n.

Defn: Either of two large antelopes (Boöcercus eurycercus of West
Africa, and B. isaaci of East Africa) of a reddish or chestnut-brown
color with narrow white stripes on the body. Their flesh is
especially esteemed as food.

BONGRACE
Bon"grace` (, n. Etym: [F. bon good + grâce grace, charm.]

Defn: A projecting bonnet or shade to protect the complexion; also, a
wide-brimmed hat. [Obs.]

BONHOMIE; BONHOMMIE
Bon`ho*mie", Bon`hom*mie" (, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: good nature; pleasant and easy manner.

BONIBELL
Bon"i*bell, n.

Defn: See Bonnibel. [Obs.] Spenser.

BONIFACE
Bon"i*face, n. Etym: [From the sleek, jolly landlord in Farquhar's
comedy of "The Beaux' Stratagem."]

Defn: An innkeeper.

BONIFORM
Bon"i*form, a. Etym: [L. bonus good + -form.]

Defn: Sensitive or responsive to moral excellence. Dr. H. More.

BONIFY
Bon"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. bonus good + -fy: cf. F. bonifier.]

Defn: To convert into, or make, good.
To bonify evils, or tincture them with good. Cudworth.

BONINESS
Bon"i*ness, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being bony.

BONING
Bon"ing, n. Etym: [Senses 1 and 2 fr. 1st Bone, sense 3 fr. 3d Bone.]

1. The clearing of bones from fish or meat.

2. The manuring of land with bones.

3. A method of leveling a line or surface by sighting along the tops
of two or more straight edges, or a range of properly spaced poles.
See 3d Bone, v. t.

BONITARY
Bon"i*ta*ry, a.

Defn: Beneficial, as opposed to statutory or civil; as, bonitary
dominion of land.

BONITO
Bo*ni"to, n.; pl. Bonitoes (. Etym: [Sp. & Pg. bonito, fr. Ar. bainit
and bainith.] [Often incorrectly written bonita.] (Zoöl.)

1. A large tropical fish (Orcynus pelamys) allied to the tunny. It is
about three feet long, blue above, with four brown stripes on the
sides. It is sometimes found on the American coast.

2. The skipjack (Sarda Mediterranea) of the Atlantic, an important
and abundant food fish on the coast of the United States, and (S.
Chilensis) of the Pacific, and other related species. They are large
and active fishes, of a blue color with black oblique stripes.

3. The medregal (Seriola fasciata), an edible fish of the southern of
the United States and the West Indies.

4. The cobia or crab eater (Elacate canada), an edible fish of the
Middle and Southern United States.

BONMOT
Bon"mot`, n.; pl. Bonsmots. Etym: [ F. bon good + mot word.]

Defn: A witty repartee; a jest.

BONNAZ
Bon"naz, n.

Defn: A kind of embroidery made with a complicated sewing machine,
said to have been originally invented by a Frenchman of the name of
Bonnaz. The work is done either in freehand or by following a
perforated design.

BONNE
Bonne, n.

Defn: (F., prop. good woman.) A female servant charged with the care
of a young child.

BONNE BOUCHE
Bonne" bouche"; pl. Bonnes bouches (. Etym: [F. bon, fem. bonne, good
+ bouche mouth.]

Defn: A delicious morsel or mouthful; a tidbit.

BONNET
Bon"net, n. Etym: [OE. bonet, OF. bonet, bonete. F. bonnet fr. LL.
bonneta, bonetum; orig. the name of a stuff, and of unknown origin.]

1. A headdress for men and boys; a cap. [Obs.] Milton. Shak.

2. A soft, elastic, very durable cap, made of thick, seamless woolen
stuff, and worn by men in Scotland.
And pbonnets waving high. Sir W. Scott.

3. A covering for the head, worn by women, usually protecting more or
less the back and sides of the head, but no part of the forehead. The
shape of the bonnet varies greatly at different times; formerly the
front part projected, and spread outward, like the mouth of a funnel.

4. Anything resembling a bonnet in shape or use; as,
(a) (Fort.) A small defense work at a salient angle; or a part of a
parapet elevated to screen the other part from enfilade fire.
(b) A metallic canopy, or projection, over an opening, as a
fireplace, or a cowl or hood to increase the draught of a chimney,
etc.
(c) A frame of wire netting over a locomotive chimney, to prevent
escape of sparks.
(d) A roofing over the cage of a mine, to protect its occupants from
objects falling down the shaft.
(e) In pumps, a metal covering for the openings in the valve
chambers.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: An additional piece of canvas laced to the foot of a jib or
foresail in moderate winds. Hakluyt.

6. The second stomach of a ruminating animal.

7. An accomplice of a gambler, auctioneer, etc., who entices others
to bet or to bid; a decoy. [Cant] Bonnet head (Zoöl.), a shark
(Sphyrna tiburio) of the southern United States and West Indies.
 -- Bonnet limpet (Zoöl.), a name given, from their shape, to various
species of shells (family Calyptræidæ).
 -- Bonnet monkey (Zoöl.), an East Indian monkey (Macacus sinicus),
with a tuft of hair on its head; the munga.
 -- Bonnet piece, a gold coin of the time of James V. of Scotland,
the king's head on which wears a bonnet. Sir W. Scott.
 -- To have a bee in the bonnet. See under Bee.
 -- Black bonnet. See under Black.
 -- Blue bonnet. See in the Vocabulary.

BONNET
Bon"net, v. i.

Defn: To take off the bonnet or cap as a mark of respect; to uncover.
[Obs.] Shak.

BONNETED
Bon"net*ed, a.

1. Wearing a bonnet. "Bonneted and shawled." Howitt.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: Protected by a bonnet. See Bonnet, 4 (a).

BONNETLESS
Bon"net*less, a.

Defn: Without a bonnet.

BONNET ROUGE
Bon`net" rouge". [F.]

Defn: The red cap adopted by the extremists in the French Revolution,
which became a sign of patriotism at that epoch; hence, a
revolutionist; a Red Republican.

BONNIBEL
Bon"ni*bel, n. Etym: [F. bonne et belle, good and beautiful. Cf.
Bellibone.]

Defn: A handsome girl. [Obs.]

BONNIE
Bon"nie, a. Etym: [Scot.]

Defn: See Bonny, a.

BONNILASS
Bon"ni*lass`, n. Etym: [Bonny + lass.]

Defn: A "bonny lass"; a beautiful girl. [Obs.] Spenser.

BONNILY
Bon"ni*ly, adv.

Defn: Gayly; handsomely.

BONNINESS
Bon"ni*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being bonny; gayety [R.]

BONNY
Bon"ny, a. [Spelled bonnie by the Scotch.] Etym: [OE. boni, prob. fr.
F. bon, fem. bonne, good, fr. L. bonus good. See Bounty, and cf.
Bonus, Boon.]

1. Handsome; beautiful; pretty; attractively lively and graceful.
Till bonny Susan sped across the plain. Gay.
Far from the bonnie banks of Ayr. Burns.

2. Gay; merry; frolicsome; cheerful; blithe.
Be you blithe and bonny. Shak.
Report speaks you a bonny monk, that would hear the matiSir W. Scott.

BONNY
Bon"ny, n. (Mining)

Defn: A round and compact bed of ore, or a distinct bed, not
communicating with a vein.

BONNYCLABBER
Bon"ny*clab`ber, n. Etym: [Ir. bainne, baine, milk + clabar mud,
mire.]

Defn: Coagulated sour milk; loppered milk; curdled milk; -- sometimes
called simply clabber. B. Jonson.

BON SILENE
Bon" Si`lène". Etym: [F.] (Bot.)

Defn: A very fragrant tea rose with petals of various shades of pink.

BONSPIEL
Bon"spiel, n. Etym: [Scot.; of uncertain origin.]

Defn: A cur [Scot.]

BONTEBOK
Bon"te*bok, n. Etym: [D. bont a sort of skin or fur, prop. variegated
+ bok buck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pied antelope of South Africa (Alcelaphus pygarga). Its
face and rump are white. Called also nunni.

BON TON
Bon" ton". Etym: [F., good tone, manner.]

Defn: The height of the fashion; fashionable society.

BONUS
Bo"nus, n.; pl. Bonuses (. Etym: [L. bonus good. Cf. Bonny.]

1. (Law)

Defn: A premium given for a loan, or for a charter or other privilege
granted to a company; as the bank paid a bonus for its charter.
Bouvier.

2. An extra dividend to the shareholders of a joint stock company,
out of accumulated profits.

3. Money paid in addition to a stated compensation.

BON VIVANT
Bon" vi`vant"; pl. Bons vivants. Etym: [F. bon good + vivant, p. pr.
of vivre to live.]

Defn: A good fellow; a jovial companion; a free liver.

BONY
Bon"y, a.

1. Consisting of bone, or of bones; full of bones; pertaining to
bones.

2. Having large or prominent bones. Bony fish (Zoöl.), the menhaden.
 -- Bony pike (Zoöl.), the gar pike (Lepidosteus).

BONZE
Bon"ze, n. Etym: [Pg. bonzo, fr. Japan bozu a Buddhist priest: cf. F.
bonze.]

Defn: A Buddhist or Fohist priest, monk, or nun.

Note: The name was given by the Portuguese to the priests of Japan,
and has since been applied to the priests of China, Cochin China, and
the neighboring countries.

BOOBY
Boo"by, n.; pl. Boobies. Etym: [Sp. bobe dunce, idiot; cf. L. balbus
stammering, E. barbarous.]

1. A dunce; a stupid fellow.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A swimming bird (Sula fiber or S. sula) related to the common
gannet, and found in the West Indies, nesting on the bare rocks. It
is so called on account of its apparent stupidity. The name is also
sometimes applied to other species of gannets; as, S. piscator, the
red-footed booby.
(b) A species of penguin of the antarctic seas.

Booby hatch (Naut.), a kind of wooden hood over a hatch, readily
removable.
 -- Booby hut, a carriage body put upon sleigh runners. [Local, U.
S.] Bartlett.
 -- Booby hutch, a clumsy covered carriage or seat, used in the
eastern part of England. Forby.
 -- Booby trap, a schoolboy's practical joke, as a shower bath when a
door is opened.

BOOBY
Boo"by, a.

Defn: Having the characteristics of a booby; stupid.

BOOBYISH
Boo"by*ish, a.

Defn: Stupid; dull.

BOODH
Boodh, n.

Defn: Same as Buddha. Malcom.

BOODHISM
Boodh"ism, n.

Defn: Same as Buddhism.

BOODHIST
Boodh"ist, n.

Defn: Same as Buddhist.

BOODLE
Boo"dle, n. Etym: [Origin uncertain.]

1. The whole collection or lot; caboodle. [Low, U. S.] Bartlett.

2. Money given in payment for votes or political influence; bribe
money; swag. [Polit. slang, U. S.]

BOOHOE
Boo`hoe", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Boohooed; p. pr. & vb. n. Boohooing.]
Etym: [An imitative word.]

Defn: To bawl; to cry loudly. [Low] Bartlett.

BOOHOO
Boo"hoo`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sailfish; -- called also woohoo.

BOOK
Book, n. Etym: [OE. book, bok, AS. b; akin to Goth. b a letter, in
pl. book, writing, Icel. b, Sw. bok, Dan. bog, OS. b, D. boek, OHG.
puoh, G. buch; and fr. AS. b, b, beech; because the ancient Saxons
and Germans in general wrote runes on pieces of beechen board. Cf.
Beech.]

1. A collection of sheets of paper, or similar material, blank,
written, or printed, bound together; commonly, many folded and bound
sheets containing continuous printing or writing.

Note: When blank, it is called a blank book. When printed, the term
often distinguishes a bound volume, or a volume of some size, from a
pamphlet.

Note: It has been held that, under the copyright law, a book is not
necessarily a volume made of many sheets bound together; it may be
printed on a single sheet, as music or a diagram of patterns. Abbott.

2. A composition, written or printed; a treatise.
A good book is the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed
and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life. Milton.

3. A part or subdivision of a treatise or literary work; as, the
tenth book of "Paradise Lost."

4. A volume or collection of sheets in which accounts are kept; a
register of debts and credits, receipts and expenditures, etc.

5. Six tricks taken by one side, in the game of whist; in certain
other games, two or more corresponding cards, forming a set.

Note: Book is used adjectively or as a part of many compounds; as,
book buyer, bookrack, book club, book lore, book sale, book trade,
memorandum book, cashbook. Book account, an account or register of
debt or credit in a book.
 -- Book debt, a debt for items charged to the debtor by the creditor
in his book of accounts.
 -- Book learning, learning acquired from books, as distinguished
from practical knowledge. "Neither does it so much require book
learning and scholarship, as good natural sense, to distinguish true
and false." Burnet.
 -- Book louse (Zoöl.), one of several species of minute, wingless
insects injurious to books and papers. They belong to the
Pseudoneuroptera.
 -- Book moth (Zoöl.), the name of several species of moths, the
larvæ of which eat books.
 -- Book oath, an oath made on The Book, or Bible.
 -- The Book of Books, the Bible.
 -- Book post, a system under which books, bulky manuscripts, etc.,
may be transmitted by mail.
 -- Book scorpion (Zoöl.), one of the false scorpions (Chelifer
cancroides) found among books and papers. It can run sidewise and
backward, and feeds on small insects.
 -- Book stall, a stand or stall, often in the open air, for
retailing books.
 -- Canonical books. See Canonical.
 -- In one's books, in one's favor. "I was so much in his books, that
at his decease he left me his lamp." Addison.
 -- To bring to book. (a) To compel to give an account. (b) To
compare with an admitted authority. "To bring it manifestly to book
is impossible." M. Arnold.
 -- To course by bell, book, and candle. See under Bell.
 -- To make a book (Horse Racing), to lay bets (recorded in a pocket
book) against the success of every horse, so that the bookmaker wins
on all the unsuccessful horses and loses only on the winning horse or
horses.
 -- To speak by the book, to speak with minute exactness.
 -- Without book. (a) By memory. (b) Without authority.

BOOK
Book, v. t. [imp & p. p. Booked; p. pr. & vb. n. Booking.]

1. To enter, write, or register in a book or list.
Let it be booked with the rest of this day's deeds. Shak.

2. To enter the name of (any one) in a book for the purpose of
securing a passage, conveyance, or seat; as, to be booked for
Southampton; to book a seat in a theater.

3. To mark out for; to destine or assign for; as, he is booked for
the valedictory. [Colloq.]
Here I am booked for three days more in Paris. Charles Reade.

BOOKBINDER
Book"bind`er, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to bind books.

BOOKBINDERY
Book"bind`er*y, n.

Defn: A bookbinder's shop; a place or establishment for binding
books.

BOOKBINDING
Book"bind`ing, n.

Defn: The art, process, or business of binding books.

BOOKCASE
Book"case` (, n.

Defn: A case with shelves for holding books, esp. one with glazed
doors.

BOOKCRAFT
Book"craft`, n.

Defn: Authorship; literary skill.

BOOKED
Booked, a.

1. Registered.

2. On the way; destined. [Colloq.]

BOOKER
Book"er, n.

Defn: One who enters accounts or names, etc., in a book; a
bookkeeper.

BOOKFUL
Book"ful, n.

Defn: As much as will fill a book; a book full. Shak.
 -- a.

Defn: Filled with book learning. [R.] "The bookful blockhead." Pope.

BOOKHOLDER
Book"hold`er, n.

1. A prompter at a theater. [Obs.] Beau & Fl.

2. A support for a book, holding it open, while one reads or copies
from it.

BOOKING CLERK
Book"ing clerk`.

Defn: A clerk who registers passengers, baggage, etc., for
conveyance, as by railway or steamship, or who sells passage tickets
at a booking office.

BOOKING OFFICE
Book"ing of`fice.

1. An office where passengers, baggage, etc., are registered for
conveyance, as by railway or steamship.

2. An office where passage tickets are sold. [Eng.]

BOOKISH
Book"ish, a.

1. Given to reading; fond of study; better acquainted with books than
with men; learned from books. "A bookish man." Addison. "Bookish
skill." Bp. Hall.

2. Characterized by a method of expression generally found in books;
formal; labored; pedantic; as, a bookish way of talking; bookish
sentences.
 -- Book"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Book"ish*ness, n.

BOOKKEEPER
Book"keep`er, n.

Defn: One who keeps accounts; one who has the charge of keeping the
books and accounts in an office.

BOOKKEEPING
Book"keep`ing, n.

Defn: The art of recording pecuniary or business transactions in a
regular and systematic manner, so as to show their relation to each
other, and the state of the business in which they occur; the art of
keeping accounts. The books commonly used are a daybook, cashbook,
journal, and ledger. See Daybook, Cashbook, Journal, and Ledger.
Bookkeeping by single entry, the method of keeping books by carrying
the record of each transaction to the debit or credit of a single
account.
 -- Bookkeeping by double entry, a mode of bookkeeping in which two
entries of every transaction are carried to the ledger, one to the
Dr., or left hand, side of one account, and the other to the Cr., or
right hand, side of a corresponding account, in order thaItalian
method.

BOOKLAND; BOCKLAND
Book"land`, Bock"land`, n. Etym: [AS. b; b book + land land.] (O.
Eng. Law)

Defn: Charter land held by deed under certain rents and free
services, which differed in nothing from free socage lands. This
species of tenure has given rise to the modern freeholds.

BOOK-LEARNED
Book"-learned`, a.

Defn: Versed in books; having knowledge derived from books. [Often in
a disparaging sense.]
Whate'er these book-learned blockheads say, Solon's the veriest fool
in all the play. Dryden.

BOOKLESS
Book"less, a.

Defn: Without books; unlearned. Shenstone.

BOOKLET
Book"let, n.

Defn: A little book. T. Arnold.

BOOKMAKER
Book"mak`er, n.

1. One who writes and publishes books; especially, one who gathers
his materials from other books; a compiler.

2. (Horse Racing)

Defn: A betting man who "makes a book." See To make a book, under
Book, n.

BOOKMAN
Book"man, n.; pl. Bookmen (.

Defn: A studious man; a scholar. Shak.

BOOKMARK
Book"mark`, n.

Defn: Something placed in a book to guide in finding a particular
page or passage; also, a label in a book to designate the owner; a
bookplate.

BOOKMATE
Book"mate`, n. Etym: [Book + mate.]

Defn: A schoolfellow; an associate in study.

BOOKMONGER
Book"mon`ger, n.

Defn: A dealer in books.

BOOK MUSLIN
Book" mus`lin.

1. A kind of muslin used for the covers of books.

2. A kind of thin white muslin for ladies' dresses.

BOOKPLATE
Book"plate`, n.

Defn: A label, placed upon or in a book, showing its ownership or its
position in a library.

BOOKSELLER
Book"sell`er, n.

Defn: One who sells books.

BOOKSELLING
Book"sell`ing, n.

Defn: The employment of selling books.

BOOKSHELF
Book"shelf`, n.; pl. Bookshelves (.

Defn: A shelf to hold books.

BOOKSHOP
Book"shop`, n.

Defn: A bookseller's shop. [Eng.]

BOOKSTALL
Book"stall`, n.

Defn: A stall or stand where books are sold.

BOOKSTAND
Book"stand`, n.

1. A place or stand for the sale of books in the streets; a
bookstall.

2. A stand to hold books for reading or reference.

BOOKSTORE
Book"store`, n.

Defn: A store where books are kept for sale; -- called in England a
bookseller's shop.

BOOKWORK
Book"work`, n.

1. Work done upon a book or books (as in a printing office), in
distinction from newspaper or job work.

2. Study; application to books.

BOOKWORM
Book"worm`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any larva of a beetle or moth, which is injurious to books.
Many species are known.

2. A student closely attached to books or addicted to study; a reader
without appreciation.
I wanted but a black gown and a salary to be as mere a bookworm as
any there. Pope.

BOOKY
Book"y, a.

Defn: Bookish.

BOOLY
Boo"ly, n.; pl. Boolies. Etym: [Ir. buachail cowherd; bo cow + giolla
boy.]

Defn: A company of Irish herdsmen, or a single herdsman, wandering
from place to place with flocks and herds, and living on their milk,
like the Tartars; also, a place in the mountain pastures inclosed for
the shelter of cattle or their keepers. [Obs.] [Written also boley,
bolye, bouillie.] Spenser.

BOOM
Boom (boom), n. Etym: [D. boom tree, pole, beam, bar. See Beam.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A long pole or spar, run out for the purpose of extending the
bottom of a particular sail; as, the jib boom, the studding-sail
boom, etc.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A long spar or beam, projecting from the mast of a derrick,
from the outer end of which the body to be lifted is suspended.

3. A pole with a conspicuous top, set up to mark the channel in a
river or harbor. [Obs.]

4. (Mil. & Naval)

Defn: A strong chain cable, or line of spars bound together, extended
across a river or the mouth of a harbor, to obstruct navigation or
passage.

5. (Lumbering)

Defn: A line of connected floating timbers stretched across a river,
or inclosing an area of water, to keep saw logs, etc., from floating
away. Boom iron, one of the iron rings on the yards through which the
studding-sail booms traverse.
 -- The booms, that space on the upper deck of a ship between the
foremast and mainmast, where the boats, spare spars, etc., are
stowed. Totten.

BOOM
Boom (boom), v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To extend, or push, with a boom or pole; as, to boom out a
sail; to boom off a boat.

BOOM
Boom (boom), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Boomed, p. pr. & vb. n. Booming.]
Etym: [Of imitative origin; cf. OE. bommen to hum, D. bommen to drum,
sound as an empty barrel, also W. bwmp a hollow sound; aderyn y bwmp,
the bird of the hollow sound, i. e., the bittern. Cf. Bum, Bump, v.
i., Bomb, v. i.]

1. To cry with a hollow note; to make a hollow sound, as the bittern,
and some insects.
At eve the beetle boometh Athwart the thicket lone. Tennyson.

2. To make a hollow sound, as of waves or cannon.
Alarm guns booming through the night air. W. Irving.

3. To rush with violence and noise, as a ship under a press of sail,
before a free wind.
She comes booming down before it. Totten.

4. To have a rapid growth in market value or in popular favor; to go
on rushingly.

BOOM
Boom, n.

1. A hollow roar, as of waves or cannon; also, the hollow cry of the
bittern; a booming.

2. A strong and extensive advance, with more or less noisy
excitement; -- applied colloquially or humorously to market prices,
the demand for stocks or commodities and to political chances of
aspirants to office; as, a boom in the stock market; a boom in
coffee. [Colloq. U. S.]

BOOM
Boom, v. t.

Defn: To cause to advance rapidly in price; as, to boom railroad or
mining shares; to create a "boom" for; as to boom Mr. C. for senator.
[Colloq. U. S.]

BOOMDAS
Boom"das, n. Etym: [D. boom tree + das badger.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small African hyracoid mammal (Dendrohyrax arboreus)
resembling the daman.

BOOMER
Boom"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, booms.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A North American rodent, so named because it is said to make a
booming noise. See Sewellel.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large male kangaroo.

4. One who works up a "boom". [Slang, U. S.]

BOOMERANG
Boom"er*ang, n.

Defn: A very singular missile weapon used by the natives of Australia
and in some parts of India. It is usually a curved stick of hard
wood, from twenty to thirty inches in length, from two to three
inches wide, and half or three quarters of an inch thick. When thrown
from the hand with a quick rotary motion, it describes very
remarkable curves, according to the shape of the instrument and the
manner of throwing it, often moving nearly horizontally a long
distance, then curving upward to a considerable height, and finally
taking a retrograde direction, so as to fall near the place from
which it was thrown, or even far in the rear of it.

BOOMING
Boom"ing, a.

1. Rushing with violence; swelling with a hollow sound; making a
hollow sound or note; roaring; resounding.
O'er the sea-beat ships the booming waters roar. Falcone.

2. Advancing or increasing amid noisy excitement; as, booming prices;
booming popularity. [Colloq. U. S.]

BOOMING
Boom"ing, n.

Defn: The act of producing a hollow or roaring sound; a violent
rushing with heavy roar; as, the booming of the sea; a deep, hollow
sound; as, the booming of bitterns. Howitt.

BOOMKIN
Boom"kin, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Same as Bumkin.

BOOMORAH
Boo"mo*rah, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small West African chevrotain (Hyæmoschus aquaticus),
resembling the musk deer.

BOOMSLANGE
Boom"slang*e, n. Etym: [D. boom tree + slang snake.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large South African tree snake (Bucephalus Capensis).
Although considered venomous by natives, it has no poison fangs.

BOON
Boon, n. Etym: [OE. bone, boin, a petition, fr. Icel. b; akin to Sw.
& Dan. b, AS. b, and perh. to E. ban; but influenced by F. bon good,
fr. L. bonus. Ban, Bounty.]

1. A prayer or petition. [Obs.]
For which to God he made so many an idle boon. Spenser.

2. That which is asked or granted as a benefit or favor; a gift; a
benefaction; a grant; a present.
Every good gift and every perfect boon is from above. James i. 17
(Rev. Ver. ).

BOON
Boon, a. Etym: [F. bon. See Boon, n.]

1. Good; prosperous; as, boon voyage. [Obs.]

2. Kind; bountiful; benign.
Which . . . Nature boon Poured forth profuse on hill, and dale, and
plain. Milton.

3. Gay; merry; jovial; convivial.
A boon companion, loving his bottle. Arbuthnot.

BOON
Boon, n. Etym: [Scot. boon, bune, been, Gael. & Ir. bunach coarse
tow, fr. bun root, stubble.]

Defn: The woody portion flax, which is separated from the fiber as
refuse matter by retting, braking, and scutching.

BOOR
Boor, n. Etym: [D. boer farmer, boor; akin to AS. geb countryman, G.
bauer; fr. the root of AS. b to inhabit, and akin to E. bower, be.
Cf. Neighbor, Boer, and Big to build.]

1. A husbandman; a peasant; a rustic; esp. a clownish or unrefined
countryman.

2. A Dutch, German, or Russian peasant; esp. a Dutch colonist in
South Africa, Guiana, etc.: a boer.

3. A rude ill-bred person; one who is clownish in manners.

BOORISH
Boor"ish, a.

Defn: Like a boor; clownish; uncultured; unmannerly.
 -- Boor"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Boor"ish*ness, n.
Which is in truth a gross and boorish opinion. Milton.

BOORT
Boort, n.

Defn: See Bort.

BOOSE
Boose, n. Etym: [AS. bos, bosig; akin to Icel. bass, Sw. bås, Dan.
baas, stall, G. banse, Goth. bansts barn, Skr. bhasas stall. *252.]

Defn: A stall or a crib for an ox, cow, or other animal. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

BOOSE
Boose, v. i.

Defn: To drink excessively. See Booze.

BOOSER
Boos"er, n.

Defn: A toper; a guzzler. See Boozer.

BOOST
Boost, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boosted; p. pr. & vb. n. Boosting.] Etym:
[Cf. Boast, v. i.]

Defn: To lift or push from behind (one who is endeavoring to climb);
to push up; hence, to assist in overcoming obstacles, or in making
advancement. [Colloq. U. S.]

BOOST
Boost, n.

Defn: A push from behind, as to one who is endeavoring to climb;
help. [Colloq. U. S.]

BOOSTER
Boost"er, n. (Elec.)

Defn: An instrument for regulating the electro-motive force in an
alternating-current circuit; -- so called because used to "boost", or
raise, the pressure in the circuit.

BOOT
Boot, n. Etym: [OE. bot, bote, adbantage, amends, cure, AS. b; akin
to Icel. b, Sw. bot, Dan. bod, Goth. b, D. boete, G. busse; prop., a
making good or better, from the root of E. better, adj.

1. Remedy; relief; amends; reparation; hence, one who brings relief.
He gaf the sike man his boote. Chaucer.
Thou art boot for many a bruise And healest many a wound. Sir W.
Scott.
Next her Son, our soul's best boot. Wordsworth.

2. That which is given to make an exchange equal, or to make up for
the deficiency of value in one of the things exchanged.
I'll give you boot, I'll give you three for one. Shak.

3. Profit; gain; advantage; use. [Obs.]
Then talk no more of flight, it is no boot. Shak.
To boot, in addition; over and above; besides; as a compensation for
the difference of value between things bartered.
Helen, to change, would give an eye to boot. Shak.
A man's heaviness is refreshed long before he comes to drunkenness,
for when he arrives thither he hath but changed his heaviness, and
taken a crime to boot. Jer. Taylor.

BOOT
Boot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Booted; p. pr. & vb. n. Booting.]

1. To profit; to advantage; to avail; -- generally followed by it;
as, what boots it
What booteth it to others that we wish them well, and do nothing for
them Hooker.
What subdued To change like this a mind so far imbued With scorn of
man, it little boots to know. Byron.
What boots to us your victories Southey.

2. To enrich; to benefit; to give in addition. [Obs.]
And I will boot thee with what gift beside Thy modesty can beg. Shak.

BOOT
Boot, n. Etym: [OE. bote, OF. bote, F. botte, LL. botta; of uncertain
origin.]

1. A covering for the foot and lower part of the leg, ordinarily made
of leather.

2. An instrument of torture for the leg, formerly used to extort
confessions, particularly in Scotland.
So he was put to the torture, which in Scotland they call the boots;
for they put a pair of iron boots close on the leg, and drive wedges
between them and the leg. Bp. Burnet.

3. A place at the side of a coach, where attendants rode; also, a low
outside place before and behind the body of the coach. [Obs.]

4. A place for baggage at either end of an old-fashioned stagecoach.

5. An apron or cover (of leather or rubber cloth) for the driving
seat of a vehicle, to protect from rain and mud.

6. (Plumbing)

Defn: The metal casing and flange fitted about a pipe where it passes
through a roof. Boot catcher, the person at an inn whose business it
was to pull off boots and clean them. [Obs.] Swift.
 -- Boot closer, one who, or that which, sews the uppers of boots.
 -- Boot crimp, a frame or device used by bootmakers for drawing and
shaping the body of a boot.
 -- Boot hook, a hook with a handle, used for pulling on boots.
 -- Boots and saddles (Cavalry Tactics), the trumpet call which is
the first signal for mounted drill.
 -- Sly boots. See Slyboots, in the Vocabulary.

BOOT
Boot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Booted; p. pr. & vb. n. Booting.]

1. To put boots on, esp. for riding.
Coated and booted for it. B. Jonson.

2. To punish by kicking with a booted foot. [U. S.]

BOOT
Boot, v. i.

Defn: To boot one's self; to put on one's boots.

BOOT
Boot, n.

Defn: Booty; spoil. [Obs. or R.] Shak.

BOOTBLACK
Boot"black` (, n.

Defn: One who blacks boots.

BOOTED
Boot"ed, a.

1. Wearing boots, especially boots with long tops, as for riding; as,
a booted squire.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having an undivided, horny, bootlike covering; -- said of the
tarsus of some birds.

BOOTEE
Boot*ee", n.

Defn: A half boot or short boot.

BOOTES; BOOETES
Bo*ö"tes, n. Etym: [L. Bootes, Gr. herdsman, fr. , gen. , ox, cow.]
(Astron.)

Defn: A northern constellation, containing the bright star Arcturus.

BOOTH
Booth, n. Etym: [OE. bothe; cf. Icel. b, Dan. & Sw. bod, MHG. buode,
G. bude, baude; from the same root as AS. b to dwell, E. boor, bower,
be; cf. Bohem. bauda, Pol. buda, Russ. budka, Lith. buda, W. bwth,
pl. bythod, Gael. buth, Ir. both.]

1. A house or shed built of boards, boughs, or other slight
materials, for temporary occupation. Camden.

2. A covered stall or temporary structure in a fair or market, or at
a polling place.

BOOTHALE
Boot"hale`, v. t. & i. Etym: [Boot, for booty + hale.]

Defn: To forage for booty; to plunder. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

BOOTHOSE
Boot"hose`, n.

1. Stocking hose, or spatterdashes, in lieu of boots. Shak.

2. Hose made to be worn with boots, as by travelers on horseback. Sir
W. Scott.

BOOTHY
Booth"y, n.

Defn: See Bothy.

BOOTIKIN
Boot"i*kin, n. Etym: [Boot + -kin.]

1. A little boot, legging, or gaiter.

2. A covering for the foot or hand, worn as a cure for the gout. H.
Walpole.

BOOTING
Boot"ing, n.

Defn: Advantage; gain; gain by plunder; booty. [Obs.] Sir. J.
Harrington.

BOOTING
Boot"ing, n.

1. A kind of torture. See Boot, n., 2.

2. A kicking, as with a booted foot. [U. S.]

BOOTJACK
Boot"jack` (, n.

Defn: A device for pulling off boots.

BOOTLESS
Boot"less, a. Etym: [From Boot profit.]

Defn: Unavailing; unprofitable; useless; without advantage or
success. Chaucer.
I'll follow him no more with bootless prayers. Shak.
-- Boot"less*ly, adv.
 -- Boot"less*ness, n.

BOOTLICK
Boot"lick` (, n.

Defn: A toady. [Low, U. S.] Bartlett.

BOOTMAKER
Boot"mak`er, n.

Defn: One who makes boots.
 -- Boot"mak`ing, n.

BOOTS
Boots, n.

Defn: A servant at a hotel or elsewhere, who cleans and blacks the
boots and shoes.

BOOTTOPPING
Boot"top`ping, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The act or process of daubing a vessel's bottom near the
surface of the water with a mixture of tallow, sulphur, and resin, as
a temporary protection against worms, after the slime, shells, etc.,
have been scraped off.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Sheathing a vessel with planking over felt.

BOOTTREE
Boot"tree`, n. Etym: [Boot + tree wood, timber.]

Defn: An instrument to stretch and widen the leg of a boot,
consisting of two pieces, together shaped like a leg, between which,
when put into the boot, a wedge is driven.
The pretty boots trimly stretched on boottrees. Thackeray.

BOOTY
Boo"ty, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. b exchange, barter, Sw. byte barter,
booty, Dan. bytte; akin to D. buit booty, G. beute, and fr. Icel.
byta, Sw. byta, Dan. bytte, to distribute, exchange. The Scandinavian
word was influenced in English by boot profit.]

Defn: That which is seized by violence or obtained by robbery,
especially collective spoil taken in war; plunder; pillage. Milton.
To play booty, to play dishonestly, with an intent to lose; to allow
one's adversary to win at cards at first, in order to induce him to
continue playing and victimize him afterwards. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

BOOZE
Booze, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Boozed; p. pr. & vb. n. Boozing.] Etym:
[D. buizen; akin to G. bausen, and perh. fr. D. buis tube, channel,
bus box, jar.]

Defn: To drink greedily or immoderately, esp. alcoholic liquor; to
tipple. [Written also bouse, and boose.] Landor.
This is better than boozing in public houses. H. R. Haweis.

BOOZE
Booze, n.

Defn: A carouse; a drinking. Sir W. Scott.

BOOZER
Booz"er, n.

Defn: One who boozes; a toper; a guzzler of alcoholic liquors; a
bouser.

BOOZY
Booz"y, a.

Defn: A little intoxicated; fuddled; stupid with liquor; bousy.
[Colloq.] C. Kingsley.

BOPEEP
Bo*peep", n. Etym: [Bo + peep.]

Defn: The act of looking out suddenly, as from behind a screen, so as
to startle some one (as by children in play), or of looking out and
drawing suddenly back, as if frightened.
I for sorrow sung, That such a king should play bopeep, And go the
fools among. Shak.

BORABLE
Bor"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being bored. [R.]

BORACHTE
Bo*rach"te, n. Etym: [Sp. borracha a leather bottle for wine,
borracho drunk, fr. borra a lamb.]

Defn: A large leather bottle for liquors, etc., made of the skin of a
goat or other animal. Hence: A drunkard. [Obs.]
You're an absolute borachio. Congreve.

BORACIC
Bo*rac"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. boracique. See Borax.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or produced from, borax; containing boron;
boric; as, boracic acid.

BORACITE
Bo"ra*cite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a white or gray color occurring massive and in
isometric crystals; in composition it is a magnesium borate with
magnesium chloride.

BORACOUS
Bo"ra*cous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Relating to, or obtained from, borax; containing borax.

BORAGE
Bor"age, n. Etym: [OE. borage (cf. F. bourrache, It. borraggine,
borrace, LL. borago, borrago, LGr. ), fr. LL. borra, F. bourre, hair
of beasts, flock; so called from its hairy leaves.] (Bot.)

Defn: A mucilaginous plant of the genus Borago (B. officinalis),
which is used, esp. in France, as a demulcent and diaphoretic.

BORAGEWORT
Bor"age*wort`, n.

Defn: Plant of the Borage family.

BORAGINACEOUS
Bo*rag`i*na"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a family of plants
(Boraginaceæ) which includes the borage, heliotrope, beggar's lice,
and many pestiferous plants.

BORAGINEOUS
Bor`a*gin"e*ous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Relating to the Borage tribe; boraginaceous.

BORAMEZ
Bor"a*mez, n.

Defn: See Barometz.

BORATE
Bo"rate, n. Etym: [From Boric.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt formed by the combination of boric acid with a base or
positive radical.

BORAX
Bo"rax, n. Etym: [OE. boras, fr. F. borax, earlier spelt borras; cf.
LL. borax, Sp. borraj; all fr. Ar. b, fr. Pers. b.]

Defn: A white or gray crystalline salt, with a slight alkaline taste,
used as a flux, in soldering metals, making enamels, fixing colors on
porcelain, and as a soap. It occurs native in certain mineral
springs, and is made from the boric acid of hot springs in Tuscany.
It was originally obtained from a lake in Thibet, and was sent to
Europe under the name of tincal. Borax is a pyroborate or tetraborate
of sodium, Na2B4O7.10H2O. Borax bead. (Chem.) See Bead, n., 3.

BORBORYGM
Bor"bo*rygm, n. Etym: [F. borborygme, fr. Gr. , fr. to rumble in the
bowels.] (Med.)

Defn: A rumbling or gurgling noise produced by wind in the bowels.
Dunglison.

BORD
Bord, n. Etym: [See Board, n.]

1. A board; a table. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. (Mining)

Defn: The face of coal parallel to the natural fissures.

BORD
Bord, n.

Defn: See Bourd. [Obs.] Spenser.

BORDAGE
Bord"age, n. Etym: [LL. bordagium.]

Defn: The base or servile tenure by which a bordar held his cottage.

BORDAR
Bord"ar, n. Etym: [LL. bordarius, fr. borda a cottage; of uncertain
origin.]

Defn: A villein who rendered menial service for his cottage; a
cottier.
The cottar, the bordar, and the laborer were bound to aid in the work
of the home farm. J. R. Green.

BORDEAUX
Bor*deaux", a.

Defn: Pertaining to Bordeaux in the south of France.
 -- n.

Defn: A claret wine from Bordeaux.

BORDEAUX MIXTURE
Bor*deaux" mix"ture. (Hort.)

Defn: A fungicidal mixture composed of blue vitriol, lime, and water.
The formula in common use is: blue vitriol, 6 lbs.; lime, 4 lbs.;
water, 35 -- 50 gallons.

BORDEL; BORDELLO
Bor"del, Bor*del"lo, n. Etym: [F. bordel, orig. a little hut, OF.
borde hut, cabin, of German origin, and akin to E. board,n.See.
Board, n.]

Defn: A brothel; a bawdyhouse; a house devoted to prostitution.
[Obs.] B. Jonson.

BORDELAIS
Bor`de*lais", a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Bordeaux, in France, or to the district
around Bordeaux.

BORDELLER
Bor"del*ler, n.

Defn: A keeper or a frequenter of a brothel. [Obs.] Gower.

BORDER
Bor"der, n. Etym: [OE. bordure, F. bordure, fr. border to border, fr.
bord a border; of German origin; cf. MHG. borte border, trimming, G.
borte trimming, ribbon; akin to E. board in sense 8. See Board, n.,
and cf. Bordure.]

1. The outer part or edge of anything, as of a garment, a garden,
etc.; margin; verge; brink.
Upon the borders of these solitudes. Bentham.
In the borders of death. Barrow.

2. A boundary; a frontier of a state or of the settled part of a
country; a frontier district.

3. A strip or stripe arranged along or near the edge of something, as
an ornament or finish.

4. A narrow flower bed. Border land, land on the frontiers of two
adjoining countries; debatable land; -- often used figuratively; as,
the border land of science.
 -- The Border, The Borders, specifically, the frontier districts of
Scotland and England which lie adjacent.
 -- Over the border, across the boundary line or frontier.

Syn.
 -- Edge; verge; brink; margin; brim; rim; boundary; confine.

BORDER
Bor"der, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bordered; p. pr. & vb. n. Bordering.]

1. To touch at the edge or boundary; to be contiguous or adjacent; --
with on or upon as, Connecticut borders on Massachusetts.

2. To approach; to come near to; to verge.
Wit which borders upon profaneness deserves to be branded as folly.
Abp. Tillotson.

BORDER
Bor"der, v. t.

1. To make a border for; to furnish with a border, as for ornament;
as, to border a garment or a garden.

2. To be, or to have, contiguous to; to touch, or be touched, as by a
border; to be, or to have, near the limits or boundary; as, the
region borders a forest, or is bordered on the north by a forest.
The country is bordered by a broad tract called the "hot region."
Prescott.
Shebah and Raamah . . . border the sea called the Persian gulf. Sir
W. Raleigh.

3. To confine within bounds; to limit. [Obs.]
That nature, which contemns its origin, Can not be bordered certain
in itself. Shak.

BORDEREAU
Bor`de*reau", n.; pl. Bordereaux (#). [F.]

Defn: A note or memorandum, esp. one containing an enumeration of
documents.

BORDERER
Bor"der*er, n.

Defn: One who dwells on a border, or at the extreme part or confines
of a country, region, or tract of land; one who dwells near to a
place or region.
Borderers of the Caspian. Dyer.

BORDLAND
Bord"land`, n. Etym: [Bordar (or perh. bord a board) + land.] (O.
Eng. Law)

Defn: Either land held by a bordar, or the land which a lord kept for
the maintenance of his board, or table. Spelman.

BORDLODE
Bord"lode`, n. Etym: [Bordar (or perh. bord a board) + lode leading.]
(O. Eng. Law)

Defn: The service formerly required of a tenant, to carry timber from
the woods to the lord's house. Bailey. Mozley & W.

BORDMAN
Bord"man, n. Etym: [Bordar (or perh. bord a board) + man.]

Defn: A bordar; a tenant in bordage.

BORDRAG; BORDRAGING
Bord"rag, Bord"ra`ging, n. Etym: [Perh. from OE. bord, for border +
raging. Cf. Bodrage.]

Defn: An incursion upon the borders of a country; a raid. [Obs.]
Spenser.

BORD SERVICE
Bord" serv`ice. Etym: [Bordar (or perh. bord a board) + service.] (O.
Eng. Law)

Defn: Service due from a bordar; bordage.

BORDURE
Bor"dure, n. Etym: [F. bordure. See Border, n.] (Her.)

Defn: A border one fifth the width of the shield, surrounding the
field. It is usually plain, but may be charged.

BORE
Bore, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bored; p. pr. & vb. n. Boring.] Etym: [OE.
borien, AS. borian; akin to Icel. bora, Dan. bore, D. boren, OHG.
por, G. bohren, L. forare, Gr. to plow, Zend bar. sq. root91.]

1. To perforate or penetrate, as a solid body, by turning an auger,
gimlet, drill, or other instrument; to make a round hole in or
through; to pierce; as, to bore a plank.
I'll believe as soon this whole earth may be bored. Shak.

2. To form or enlarge by means of a boring instrument or apparatus;
as, to bore a steam cylinder or a gun barrel; to bore a hole.
Short but very powerful jaws, by means whereof the insect can bore,
as with a centerbit, a cylindrical passage through the most solid
wood. T. W. Harris.

3. To make (a passage) by laborious effort, as in boring; as, to bore
one's way through a crowd; to force a narrow and difficult passage
through. "What bustling crowds I bored." Gay.

4. To weary by tedious iteration or by dullness; to tire; to trouble;
to vex; to annoy; to pester.
He bores me with some trick. Shak.
Used to come and bore me at rare intervals. Carlyle.

5. To befool; to trick. [Obs.]
I am abused, betrayed; I am laughed at, scorned, Baffled and bored,
it seems. Beau. & Fl.

BORE
Bore, v. i.

1. To make a hole or perforation with, or as with, a boring
instrument; to cut a circular hole by the rotary motion of a tool;
as, to bore for water or oil (i. e., to sink a well by boring for
water or oil); to bore with a gimlet; to bore into a tree (as
insects).

2. To be pierced or penetrated by an instrument that cuts as it
turns; as, this timber does not bore well, or is hard to bore.

3. To push forward in a certain direction with laborious effort.
They take their flight . . . boring to the west. Dryden.

4. (Ma

Defn: To shoot out the nose or toss it in the air; Crabb.

BORE
Bore, n.

1. A hole made by boring; a perforation.

2. The internal cylindrical cavity of a gun, cannon, pistol, or other
firearm, or of a pipe or tube.
The bores of wind instruments. Bacon.
Love's counselor should fill the bores of hearing. Shak.

3. The size of a hole; the interior diameter of a tube or gun barrel;
the caliber.

4. A tool for making a hole by boring, as an auger.

5. Caliber; importance. [Obs.]
Yet are they much too light for the bore of the matter. Shak.

6. A person or thing that wearies by prolixity or dullness; a
tiresome person or affair; any person or thing which causes ennui.
It is as great a bore as to hear a poet read his own verses.
Hawthorne.

BORE
Bore, n. Etym: [Icel. bara wave: cf. G. empor upwards, OHG. bor
height, burren to lift, perh. allied to AS. beran, E. 1st bear. sq.
root92.] (Physical Geog.)
(a) A tidal flood which regularly or occasionally rushes into certain
rivers of peculiar configuration or location, in one or more waves
which present a very abrupt front of considerable height, dangerous
to shipping, as at the mouth of the Amazon, in South America, the
Hoogly and Indus, in India, and the Tsien-tang, in China.
(b) Less properly, a very high and rapid tidal flow, when not so
abrupt, such as occurs at the Bay of Fundy and in the British
Channel.

BORE
Bore,

Defn: imp. of 1st & 2d Bear.

BOREAL
Bo"re*al, a. Etym: [L. borealis: cf. F. boréal. See Boreas.]

Defn: Northern; pertaining to the north, or to the north wind; as, a
boreal bird; a boreal blast.
So from their own clear north in radiant streams, Bright over Europe
bursts the boreal morn. Thomson.

BOREAS
Bo"re*as, n. Etym: [L. boreas, Gr. .]

Defn: The north wind; -- usually a personification.

BORECOLE
Bore"cole`, n. Etym: [Cf. D. boerenkool (lit.) husbandman's cabbage.]

Defn: A brassicaceous plant of many varieties, cultivated for its
leaves, which are not formed into a compact head like the cabbage,
but are loose, and are generally curled or wrinkled; kale.

BOREDOM
Bore"dom, n.

1. The state of being bored, or pestered; a state of ennui. Dickens.

2. The realm of bores; bores, collectively.

BOREE
Bo*ree", n.

Defn: Same as BourrÉ\'82. [Obs.] Swift.

BOREL
Bor"el, n.

Defn: See Borrel.

BORELE
Bor"e*le, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The smaller two-horned rhinoceros of South Africa (Atelodus
bicornis).

BORER
Bor"er, n.

1. One that bores; an instrument for boring.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A marine, bivalve mollusk, of the genus Teredo and allies, which
burrows in wood. See Teredo.
(b) Any bivalve mollusk (Saxicava, Lithodomus, etc.) which bores into
limestone and similar substances.
(c) One of the larvæ of many species of insects, which penetrate
trees, as the apple, peach, pine, etc. See Apple borer, under Apple.
(d) The hagfish (Myxine).

BORIC
Bo"ric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, boron. Boric acid, a white
crystalline substance B(OH)3, easily obtained from its salts, and
occurring in solution in the hot lagoons of Tuscany.

BORIDE
Bo"ride, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of boron with a more positive or basic
element or radical; -- formerly called boruret.

BORING
Bor"ing, n.

1. The act or process of one who, or that which, bores; as, the
boring of cannon; the boring of piles and ship timbers by certain
marine mollusks.
One of the most important applications of boring is in the formation
of artesian wells. Tomlinson.

2. A hole made by boring.

3. pl.

Defn: The chips or fragments made by boring. Boring bar, a revolving
or stationary bar, carrying one or more cutting tools for dressing
round holes.
 -- Boring tool (Metal Working), a cutting tool placed in a cutter
head to dress round holes. Knight.

BORN
Born, p. p. & a. Etym: [See Bear, v. t.]

1. Brought forth, as an animal; brought into life; introduced by
birth.
No one could be born into slavery in Mexico. Prescott.

2. Having from birth a certain character; by or from birth; by
nature; innate; as, a born liar. "A born matchmaker." W. D. Howells.
Born again (Theol.), regenerated; renewed; having received spiritual
life. "Except a man be born again, he can not see the kingdom of
God." John iii. 3.
 -- Born days, days since one was born; lifetime. [Colloq.]

BORNE
Borne, p. p. of Bear.

Defn: Carried; conveyed; supported; defrayed. See Bear, v. t.

BORNEOL
Bor"ne*ol, n. Etym: [Borneo + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare variety of camphor, C10H17.OH, resembling ordinary
camphor, from which it can be produced by reduction. It is said to
occur in the camphor tree of Borneo and Sumatra (Dryobalanops
camphora), but the natural borneol is rarely found in European or
American commerce, being in great request by the Chinese. Called also
Borneo camphor, Malay camphor, and camphol.

BORNITE
Bor"nite, n. Etym: [Named after Von Born, a mineralogist.] (Min.)

Defn: A valuable ore of copper, containing copper, iron, and sulphur;
-- also called purple copper ore (or erubescite), in allusion to the
colors shown upon the slightly tarnished surface.

BOROFLUORIDE
Bo`ro*flu"or*ide, n. Etym: [Boron + fluoride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A double fluoride of boron and hydrogen, or some other positive
element, or radical; -- called also fluoboride, and formerly
fluoborate.

BOROGLYCERIDE
Bo"ro*glyc"er*ide, n. Etym: [Boron + glyceride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of boric acid and glycerin, used as an antiseptic.

BORON
Bo"ron, n. Etym: [See Borax.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nonmetallic element occurring abundantly in borax. It is
reduced with difficulty to the free state, when it can be obtained in
several different forms; viz., as a substance of a deep olive color,
in a semimetallic form, and in colorless quadratic crystals similar
to the diamond in hardness and other properties. It occurs in nature
also in boracite, datolite, tourmaline, and some other minerals.
Atomic weight 10.9. Symbol B.

BOROSILICATE
Bo"ro*sil"i*cate, n. Etym: [Boron + silicate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A double salt of boric and silicic acids, as in the natural
minerals tourmaline, datolite, etc.

BOROUGH
Bor"ough, n. Etym: [OE. burgh, burw, boru, port, town, burrow, AS.
burh, burg; akin to Icel., Sw., & Dan. borg, OS. & D. burg, OHG.
puruc, purc, MHG. burc, G. burg, Goth. baúrgs; and from the root of
AS. beorgan to hide, save, defend, G. bergen; or perh. from that of
AS. beorg hill, mountain. Bury, v. t., and cf. Burrow, Burg, Bury,
n., Burgess, Iceberg, Borrow, Harbor, Hauberk.]

1. In England, an incorporated town that is not a city; also, a town
that sends members to parliament; in Scotland, a body corporate,
consisting of the inhabitants of a certain district, erected by the
sovereign, with a certain jurisdiction; in America, an incorporated
town or village, as in Pennsylvania and Connecticut. Burrill.
Erskine.

2. The collective body of citizens or inhabitants of a borough; as,
the borough voted to lay a tax. Close borough, or Pocket borough, a
borough having the right of sending a member to Parliament, whose
nomination is in the hands of a single person.
 -- Rotten borough, a name given to any borough which, at the time of
the passage of the Reform Bill of 1832, contained but few voters, yet
retained the privilege of sending a member to Parliament.

BOROUGH
Bor"ough, n. Etym: [See Borrow.] (O. Eng. Law)
(a) An association of men who gave pledges or sureties to the king
for the good behavior of each other.
(b) The pledge or surety thus given. Blackstone. Tomlins.

BOROUGH-ENGLISH
Bor"ough-Eng"lish, n. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A custom, as in some ancient boroughs, by which lands and
tenements descend to the youngest son, instead of the eldest; or, if
the owner have no issue, to the youngest brother. Blackstone.

BOROUGHHEAD
Bor"ough*head`, n.

Defn: See Headborough. [Obs.]

BOROUGHHOLDER
Bor"ough*hold"er, n.

Defn: A headborough; a borsholder.

BOROUGHMASTER
Bor"ough*mas"ter, n. Etym: [Cf. Burgomaster.]

Defn: The mayor, governor, or bailiff of a borough.

BOROUGHMONGER
Bor"ough*mon"ger, n.

Defn: One who buys or sells the parliamentary seats of boroughs.

BOROUGHMONGERING; BOROUGHMONGERY
Bor"ough*mon"ger*ing, Bor"ough*mon"ger*y, n.

Defn: The practices of a boroughmonger.

BORRACHO
Bor*rach"o, n.

Defn: See Borachio. [Obs.]

BORRAGE; BORRAGINACEOUS
Bor"rage, n., Bor*rag`i*na"ceous (, a., etc.

Defn: See Borage, n., etc.

BORREL
Bor"rel, n. Etym: [OF. burel a kind of coarse woolen cloth, fr. F.
bure drugget. See Bureau. Rustic and common people dressed in this
cloth, which was prob. so called from its color.]

1. Coarse woolen cloth; hence, coarse clothing; a garment. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

2. A kind of light stuff, of silk and wool.

BORREL
Bor"rel, a. Etym: [Prob. from Borrel, n.]

Defn: Ignorant, unlearned; belonging to the laity. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BORROW
Bor"row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Borrowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Borrowing.]
Etym: [OE. borwen, AS. borgian, fr. borg, borh, pledge; akin to D.
borg, G. borg; prob. fr. root of AS. beorgan to protect. Borough.]

1. To receive from another as a loan, with the implied or expressed
intention of returning the identical article or its equivalent in
kind; -- the opposite of lend.

2. (Arith.)

Defn: To take (one or more) from the next higher denomination in
order to add it to the next lower; -- a term of subtraction when the
figure of the subtrahend is larger than the corresponding one of the
minuend.

3. To copy or imitate; to adopt; as, to borrow the style, manner, or
opinions of another.
Rites borrowed from the ancients. Macaulay.
It is not hard for any man, who hath a Bible in his hands, to borrow
good words and holy sayings in abundance; but to make them his own is
a work of grace only from above. Milton.

4. To feign or counterfeit. "Borrowed hair." Spenser.
The borrowed majesty of England. Shak.

5. To receive; to take; to derive.
Any drop thou borrowedst from thy mother. Shak.
To borrow trouble, to be needlessly troubled; to be overapprehensive.

BORROW
Bor"row, n.

1. Something deposited as security; a pledge; a surety; a hostage.
[Obs.]
Ye may retain as borrows my two priests. Sir W. Scott.

2. The act of borrowing. [Obs.]
Of your royal presence I'll adventure The borrow of a week. Shak.

BORROWER
Bor"row*er, n.

Defn: One who borrows.
Neither a borrower nor a lender be. Shak.

BORSHOLDER
Bors"hold`er, n. Etym: [OE. borsolder; prob. fr. AS. borg, gen.
borges, pledge + ealdor elder. See Borrow, and Elder, a.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: The head or chief of a tithing, or borough (see 2d Borough);
the headborough; a parish constable. Spelman.

BORT
Bort, n.

Defn: Imperfectly crystallized or coarse diamonds, or fragments made
in cutting good diamonds which are reduced to powder and used in
lapidary work.

BORURET
Bo"ru*ret, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A boride. [Obs.]

BORWE
Bor"we, n.

Defn: Pledge; borrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BOS
Bos, n. Etym: [L., ox, cow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of ruminant quadrupeds, including the wild and domestic
cattle, distinguished by a stout body, hollow horns, and a large fold
of skin hanging from the neck.

BOSA
Bo"sa, n. Etym: [Ar. b, Pers. b: cf. F. bosan.]

Defn: A drink, used in the East. See Boza.

BOSCAGE
Bos"cage, n. Etym: [OF. boscage grove, F. bocage, fr. LL. boscus,
buscus, thicket, wood. See 1st Bush.]

1. A growth of trees or shrubs; underwood; a thicket; thick foliage;
a wooded landscape.

2. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: Food or sustenance for cattle, obtained from bushes and trees;
also, a tax on wood.

BOSH
Bosh, n. Etym: [Cf. G. posse joke, trifle; It. bozzo a rough stone,
bozzetto a rough sketch, s-bozzo a rough draught, sketch.]

Defn: Figure; outline; show. [Obs.]

BOSH
Bosh, n. Etym: [Turk.]

Defn: Empty talk; contemptible nonsense; trash; humbug. [Colloq.]

BOSH
Bosh, n.; pl. Boshes. Etym: [Cf. G. böschung a slope.]

1. One of the sloping sides of the lower part of a blast furnace;
also, one of the hollow iron or brick sides of the bed of a puddling
or boiling furnace.

2. pl.

Defn: The lower part of a blast furnace, which slopes inward, or the
widest space at the top of this part.

3. In forging and smelting, a trough in which tools and ingots are
cooled.

BOSHBOK
Bosh"bok, n. Etym: [D. bosch wood + bok buck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of antelope. See Bush buck.

BOSHVARK
Bosh"vark, n. Etym: [D. bosch wood + varken pig.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bush hog. See under Bush, a thicket.

BOSJESMAN
Bos"jes*man, n.

Defn: ; pl. Bosjesmans. [D. boschjesman.]

Defn: See Bushman.

BOSK
Bosk, n. Etym: [See Bosket.]

Defn: A thicket; a small wood. "Through bosk and dell." Sir W. Scott.

BOSKAGE
Bos"kage, n.

Defn: Same as Boscage.
Thridding the somber boskage of the wood. Tennyson.

BOSKET; BOSQUET
Bos"ket, Bos"quet, n. Etym: [F. bosquet a little wood, dim. fr. LL.
boscus. See Boscage, and cf. Bouquet.] (Gardening)

Defn: A grove; a thicket; shrubbery; an inclosure formed by branches
of trees, regularly or irregularly disposed.

BOSKINESS
Bosk"i*ness, n.

Defn: Boscage; also, the state or quality of being bosky.

BOSKY
Bosk"y, a. Etym: [Cf. Bushy.]

1. Woody or bushy; covered with boscage or thickets. Milton.

2. Caused by boscage.
Darkened over by long bosky shadows. H. James.

BOSOM
Bos"om, n. Etym: [AS. b; akin to D. bozem, Fries. b, OHG. puosum, G.
busen, and prob. E. bough.]

1. The breast of a human being; the part, between the arms, to which
anything is pressed when embraced by them.
You must prepare your bosom for his knife. Shak.

2. The breast, considered as the seat of the passions, affections,
and operations of the mind; consciousness; se
Tut, I am in their bosoms, and I know Wherefore they do it. Shak.
If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding my iniquity in my
bosom. Job xxxi. 33.

3. Embrace; loving or affectionate inclosure; fold.
Within the bosom of that church. Hooker.

4. Any thing or place resembling the breast; a supporting surface; an
inner recess; the interior; as, the bosom of the earth. "The bosom of
the ocean." Addison.

5. The part of the dress worn upon the breast; an article, or a
portion of an article, of dress to be worn upon the breast; as, the
bosom of a shirt; a linen bosom.
He put his hand into his bosom: and when he took it out, behold, his
hand was leprous as snow. Ex. iv. 6.

6. Inclination; desire. [Obs.] Shak.

7. A depression round the eye of a millstone. Knight.

BOSOM
Bos"om, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the bosom.

2. Intimate; confidential; familiar; trusted; cherished; beloved; as,
a bosom friend.

BOSOM
Bos"om, v. t. [p. & p. p. Bosomed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bosoming.]

1. To inclose or carry in the bosom; to keep with care; to take to
heart; to cherish.
Bosom up my counsel, You'll find it wholesome. Shak.

2. To conceal; to hide from view; to embosom.
To happy convents bosomed deep in vines. Pope.

BOSOMED
Bos"omed, a.

Defn: Having, or resembling, bosom; kept in the bosom; hidden.

BOSOMY
Bos"om*y, a.

Defn: Characterized by recesses or sheltered hollows.

BOSON
Bo"son, n.

Defn: See Boatswain. [Obs.] Dryden.

BOSPORIAN
Bos*po"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. Bosporus, G. , lit., ox-ford, the ox's or
heifer's ford, on account of Io's passage here as a heifer; fr. ox,
heifer + ford.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Thracian or the Cimmerian Bosporus.
The Alans forced the Bosporian kings to pay them tribute and
exterminated the Taurians. Tooke.

BOSPORUS
Bos"po*rus, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A strait or narrow sea between two seas, or a lake and a seas;
as, the Bosporus (formerly the Thracian Bosporus) or Strait of
Constantinople, between the Black Sea and Sea of Marmora; the
Cimmerian Bosporus, between the Black Sea and Sea of Azof. [Written
also Bosphorus.]

BOSQUET
Bos"quet, n.

Defn: See Bosket.

BOSS
Boss, n.; pl. Bosses. Etym: [OE. boce, bose, boche, OF. boce, boche,
bosse, F. bosse, of G. origin; cf. OHG. bozo tuft, bunch, OHG. bozan,
MHG. bôzen, to beat. See Beat, and cf. Botch a swelling.]

1. Any protuberant part; a round, swelling part or body; a knoblike
process; as, a boss of wood.

2. A protuberant ornament on any work, either of different material
from that of the work or of the same, as upon a buckler or bridle; a
stud; a knob; the central projection of a shield. See Umbilicus.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A projecting ornament placed at the intersection of the ribs of
ceilings, whether vaulted or flat, and in other situations.

4. Etym: [Cf. D. bus box, Dan. bösse.]

Defn: A wooden vessel for the mortar used in tiling or masonry, hung
by a hook from the laths, or from the rounds of a ladder. Gwilt.

5. (Mech.)
(a) The enlarged part of a shaft, on which a wheel is keyed, or at
the end, where it is coupled to another.
(b) A swage or die used for shaping metals.

6. A head or reservoir of water. [Obs.]

BOSS
Boss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bossed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bossing.] Etym:
[OE. bocen, fr. OF. bocier. See the preceding word.]

Defn: To ornament with bosses; to stud.

BOSS
Boss, n. Etym: [D. baas master.]

Defn: A master workman or superintendent; a director or manager; a
political dictator. [Slang, U. S.]

BOSSAGE
Boss"age, n. Etym: [F. bossage, fr. bosse. See Boss a stud.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A stone in a building, left rough and projecting, to be
afterward carved into shape. Gwilt.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Rustic work, consisting of stones which seem to advance beyond
the level of the building, by reason of indentures or channels left
in the joinings. Gwilt.

BOSSED
Bossed, a.

Defn: Embossed; also, bossy.

BOSSET
Bos"set, n. Etym: [Cf. Boss a stud.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rudimental antler of a young male of the red deer.

BOSSISM
Boss"ism, n.

Defn: The rule or practices of bosses, esp. political bosses. [Slang,
U. S.]

BOSSY
Boss"y, a.

Defn: Ornamented with bosses; studded.

BOSSY
Bos"sy, n. Etym: [Dim. fr. Prov. E. boss in boss-calf, buss-calf, for
boose-calf, prop., a calf kept in the stall. See 1st Boose.]

Defn: A cow or calf; -- familiarly so called. [U. S.]

BOSTON
Bos"ton, n.

Defn: A game at cards, played by four persons, with two packs of
fifty-two cards each; -- said to be so called from Boston,
Massachusetts, and to have been invented by officers of the French
army in America during the Revolutionary war.

BOSTRYX
Bos"tryx, n. [NL.; irreg. fr. Gr.  a curl.] (Bot.)

Defn: A form of cymose inflorescence with all the flowers on one side
of the rachis, usually causing it to curl; -- called also a uniparous
helicoid cyme.

BOSWELLIAN
Bos*well"i*an, a.

Defn: Relating to, or characteristic of, Boswell, the biographer of
Dr. Johnson.

BOSWELLISM
Bos"well*ism, n.

Defn: The style of Boswell.

BOT
Bot, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Bots.

BOTANIC; BOTANICAL
Bo*tan"ic, Bo*tan"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. botanique. See Botany.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to botany; relating to the study of plants;
as, a botanical system, arrangement, textbook, expedition.
 -- Botan"ic*al*ly, adv. Botanic garden, a garden devoted to the
culture of plants collected for the purpose of illustrating the
science of botany.
 -- Botanic physician, a physician whose medicines consist chiefly of
herbs and roots.

BOTANIST
Bot"a*nist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. botaniste.]

Defn: One skilled in botany; one versed in the knowledge of plants.

BOTANIZE
Bot"a*nize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Botanized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Botanizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. botaniser.]

Defn: To seek after plants for botanical investigation; to study
plants.

BOTANIZE
Bot"a*nize, v. t.

Defn: To explore for botanical purposes.

BOTANIZER
Bot"a*ni`zer, n.

Defn: One who botanizes.

BOTANOLOGER
Bot`a*nol"o*ger, n.

Defn: A botanist. [Obs.]

BOTANOLOGY
Bot`a*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Botany + -logy: cf. F. botanologie.]

Defn: The science of botany. [Obs.] Bailey.

BOTANOMANCY
Bot"a*no*man`cy, n. Etym: [Botany + -mancy: cf. F. botanomantie.]

Defn: An ancient species of divination by means of plants, esp. sage
and fig leaves.

BOTANY
Bot"a*ny, n.; pl. Botanies. Etym: [F. botanique, a. & n., fr. Gr.
botanic, fr. herb, plant, fr. to feed, graze.]

1. The science which treats of the structure of plants, the functions
of their parts, their places of growth, their classification, and the
terms which are employed in their description and denomination. See
Plant.

2. A book which treats of the science of botany.

Note: Botany is divided into various departments; as, Structural
Botany, which investigates the structure and organic composition of
plants; Physiological Botany, the study of their functions and life;
and Systematic Botany, which has to do with their classification,
description, nomenclature, etc.

BOTANY BAY
Bot"a*ny Bay".

Defn: A harbor on the east coast of Australia, and an English convict
settlement there; -- so called from the number of new plants found on
its shore at its discovery by Cook in 1770.

Note: Hence, any place to which desperadoes resort. Botany Bay kino
(Med.), an astringent, reddish substance consisting of the
inspissated juice of several Australian species of Eucalyptus.
 -- Botany Bay resin (Med.), a resin of reddish yellow color,
resembling gamboge, the product of different Australian species of
Xanthorrhæa, esp. the grass three (X. hastilis.)

BOTARGO
Bo*tar"go, n. Etym: [It. bottarga, bottarica; or Sp. botarga; a kind
of large sausages, a sort of wide breeches: cf. F. boutargue.]

Defn: A sort of cake or sausage, made of the salted roes of the
mullet, much used on the coast of the Mediterranean as an incentive
to drink.

BOTCH
Botch, n.; pl. Botches. Etym: [Same as Boss a stud. For senses 2 & 3
cf. D. botsen to beat, akin to E. beat.]

1. A swelling on the skin; a large ulcerous affection; a boil; an
eruptive disease. [Obs. or Dial.]
Botches and blains must all his flesh emboss. Milton.

2. A patch put on, or a part of a garment patched or mended in a
clumsy manner.

3. Work done in a bungling manner; a clumsy performance; a piece of
work, or a place in work, marred in the doing, or not properly
finished; a bungle.
To leave no rubs nor botches in the work. Shak.

BOTCH
Botch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Botched; p. pr. & vb. n. Botching.] Etym:
[See Botch, n.]

1. To mark with, or as with, botches.
Young Hylas, botched with stains. Garth.

2. To repair; to mend; esp. to patch in a clumsy or imperfect manner,
as a garment; -- sometimes with up.
Sick bodies . . . to be kept and botched up for a time. Robynson
(More's Utopia).

3. To put together unsuitably or unskillfully; to express or perform
in a bungling manner; to spoil or mar, as by unskillful work.
For treason botched in rhyme will be thy bane. Dryden.

BOTCHEDLY
Botch"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a clumsy manner.

BOTCHER
Botch"er, n.

1. One who mends or patches, esp. a tailor or cobbler. Shak.

2. A clumsy or careless workman; a bungler.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young salmon; a grilse.

BOTCHERLY
Botch"er*ly, a.

Defn: Bungling; awkward. [R.]

BOTCHERY
Botch"er*y, n.

Defn: A botching, or that which is done by botching; clumsy or
careless workmanship.

BOTCHY
Botch"y, a.

Defn: Marked with botches; full of botches; poorly done. "This botchy
business." Bp. Watson.

BOTE
Bote, n. Etym: [Old form of boot; -- used in composition. See 1st
Boot.] (Law)
(a) Compensation; amends; satisfaction; expiation; as, man bote, a
compensation or a man slain.
(b) Payment of any kind. Bouvier.
(c) A privilege or allowance of necessaries.

Note: This word is still used in composition as equivalent to the
French estovers, supplies, necessaries; as, housebote, a sufficiency
of wood to repair a house, or for fuel, sometimes called firebote; so
plowbote, cartbote, wood for making or repairing instruments of
husbandry; haybote or hedgebote, wood for hedges, fences, etc. These
were privileges enjoyed by tenants under the feudal system. Burrill.
Bouvier. Blackstone.

BOTELESS
Bote"less, a.

Defn: Unavailing; in vain. See Bootless.

BOTFLY
Bot"fly`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dipterous insect of the family (Estridæ, of many different
species, some of which are particularly troublesome to domestic
animals, as the horse, ox, and sheep, on which they deposit their
eggs. A common species is one of the botflies of the horse
(Gastrophilus equi), the larvæ of which (bots) are taken into the
stomach of the animal, where they live several months and pass
through their larval states. In tropical America one species
sometimes lives under the human skin, and another in the stomach. See
Gadfly.

BOTH
Both, a. or pron. Etym: [OE. bothe, ba, fr. Icel. ba; akin to Dan.
baade, Sw. båda, Goth. baj, OHG. beid, b, G. & D. beide, also AS.
begen, ba, b, Goth. bai, and Gr. , L. ambo, Lith. abà, OSlav. oba,
Skr. ubha. sq. root310. Cf. Amb-.]

Defn: The one and the other; the two; the pair, without exception of
either.

Note: It is generally used adjectively with nouns; as, both horses
ran away; but with pronouns, and often with nous, it is used
substantively, and followed by of.

Note: It frequently stands as a pronoun.
She alone is heir to both of us. Shak.
Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them unto Abimelech; and both
of them made a covenant. Gen. xxi. 27.
He will not bear the loss of his rank, because he can bear the loss
of his estate; but he will bear both, because he is prepared for
both. Bolingbroke.

Note: It is often used in apposition with nouns or pronouns.
Thy weal and woe are both of them extremes. Shak.
This said, they both betook them several ways. Milton.

Note: Both now always precedes any other attributive words; as, both
their armies; both our eyes.

Note: Both of is used before pronouns in the objective case; as, both
of us, them, whom, etc.; but before substantives its used is
colloquial, both (without of) being the preferred form; as, both the
brothers.

BOTH
Both, conj.

Defn: As well; not only; equally.

Note: Both precedes the first of two coördinate words or phrases, and
is followed by and before the other, both . . . and . . . ; as well
the one as the other; not only this, but also that; equally the
former and the latter. It is also sometimes followed by more than two
coördinate words, connected by and expressed or understood.
To judge both quick and dead. Milton.
A masterpiece both for argument and style. Goldsmith.
To whom bothe heven and erthe and see is sene. Chaucer.
Both mongrel, puppy, whelp, and hound. Goldsmith.
He prayeth well who loveth well Both man and bird and beast.
Coleridge.

BOTHER
Both"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bothered (p. pr. & vb. n. Bothering.]
Etym: [Cf. Ir. buaidhirt trouble, buaidhrim I vex.]

Defn: To annoy; to trouble; to worry; to perplex. See Pother.

Note: The imperative is sometimes used as an exclamation mildly
imprecatory.

BOTHER
Both"er, v. i.

Defn: To feel care or anxiety; to make or take trouble; to be
troublesome.
Without bothering about it. H. James.

BOTHER
Both"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, bothers; state of perplexity or
annoyance; embarrassment; worry; disturbance; petty trouble; as, to
be in a bother.

BOTHERATION
Both`er*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of bothering, or state of being bothered; cause of
trouble; perplexity; annoyance; vexation. [Colloq.]

BOTHERER
Both"er*er, n.

Defn: One who bothers.

BOTHERSOME
Both"er*some, a.

Defn: Vexatious; causing bother; causing trouble or perplexity;
troublesome.

BOTH-HANDS
Both"-hands`, n.

Defn: A factotum. [R.]
He is his master's both-hands, I assure you. B. Jonson.

BOTHIE
Both"ie, n.

Defn: Same as Bothy. [Scot.]

BOTHNIAN; BOTHNIC
Both"ni*an, Both"nic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Bothnia, a country of northern Europe, or
to a gulf of the same name which forms the northern part of the
Baltic sea.

BOTHRENCHYMA
Both*ren"chy*ma, n. Etym: [Gr. pit + something poured in. Formed like
parenchyma.] (Bot.)

Defn: Dotted or pitted ducts or vessels forming the pores seen in
many kinds of wood.

BOTHY; BOOTHY
Both"y Booth"y n.; pl. -ies Etym: [Scottish. Cf. Booth.]

Defn: A wooden hut or humble cot, esp. a rude hut or barrack for
unmarried farm servants; a shepherd's or hunter's hut; a booth.
[Scot.]

BOTOCUDOS
Bo`to*cu"dos, n. pl. Etym: [Pg. botoque stopple. So called because
they wear a wooden plug in the pierced lower lip.]

Defn: A Brazilian tribe of Indians, noted for their use of poisons; -
- also called Aymborés.

BO TREE
Bo" tree`. (Bot.)

Defn: The peepul tree; esp., the very ancient tree standing at
Anurajahpoora in Ceylon, grown from a slip of the tree under which
Gautama is said to have received the heavenly light and so to have
become Buddha.
The sacred bo tree of the Buddhists (Ficus religiosa), which is
planted close to every temple, and attracts almost as much veneration
as the status of the god himself. . . . It differs from the banyan
(Ficus Indica) by sending down no roots from its branches. Tennent.

BOTRYOGEN
Bot"ry*o*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. cluster of grapes + -gen.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous sulphate of iron of a deep red color. It often occurs
in botryoidal form.

BOTRYOID; BOTRYOIDAL
Bot"ry*oid, Bot`ry*oid"al, a. Etym: [Gr. cluster of grapes + -oid.]

Defn: Having the form of a bunch of grapes; like a cluster of grapes,
as a mineral presenting an aggregation of small spherical or
spheroidal prominences.

BOTRYOLITE
Bot"ry*o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. cluster of grapes + -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of datolite, usually having a botryoidal structure.

BOTRYOSE
Bot"ry*ose`, a. (Bot.)
(a) Having the form of a cluster of grapes.
(b) Of the racemose or acropetal type of inflorescence. Gray.

BOTS
Bots, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. Gael. botus belly worm, boiteag maggot.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The larvæ of several species of botfly, especially those larvæ
which infest the stomach, throat, or intestines of the horse, and are
supposed to be the cause of various ailments. [Written also botts.]

Note: See Illust. of Botfly.

BOTTINE
Bot*tine", n. Etym: [F. See Boot (for the foot.).]

1. A small boot; a lady's boot.

2. An appliance resembling a small boot furnished with straps,
buckles, etc., used to correct or prevent distortions in the lower
extremities of children. Dunglison.

BOTTLE
Bot"tle, n. Etym: [OE. bote, botelle, OF. botel, bouteille, F.
bouteille, fr. LL. buticula, dim. of butis, buttis, butta, flask. Cf.
Butt a cask.]

1. A hollow vessel, usually of glass or earthenware (but formerly of
leather), with a narrow neck or mouth, for holding liquids.

2. The contents of a bottle; as much as a bottle contains; as, to
drink a bottle of wine.

3. Fig.: Intoxicating liquor; as, to drown one's reason in the
bottle.

Note: Bottle is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a
compound. Bottle ale, bottled ale. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- Bottle brush, a cylindrical brush for cleansing the interior of
bottles.
 -- Bottle fish (Zoöl.), a kind of deep-sea eel (Saccopharynx
ampullaceus), remarkable for its baglike gullet, which enables it to
swallow fishes two or three times its won size.
 -- Bottle flower. (Bot.) Same as Bluebottle.
 -- Bottle glass, a coarse, green glass, used in the manufacture of
bottles. Ure.
 -- Bottle gourd (Bot.), the common gourd or calabash (Lagenaria
Vulgaris), whose shell is used for bottles, dippers, etc.
 -- Bottle grass (Bot.), a nutritious fodder grass (Setaria glauca
and S. viridis); -- called also foxtail, and green foxtail.
 -- Bottle tit (Zoöl.), the European long-tailed titmouse; -- so
called from the shape of its nest.
 -- Bottle tree (Bot.), an Australian tree (Sterculia rupestris),
with a bottle-shaped, or greatly swollen, trunk.
 -- Feeding bottle, Nursing bottle, a bottle with a rubber nipple
(generally with an intervening tubve), used in feeding infants.

BOTTLE
Bot"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bottled p. pr. & vb. n. Bottling.]

Defn: To put into bottles; to inclose in, or as in, a bottle or
bottles; to keep or restrain as in a bottle; as, to bottle wine or
porter; to bottle up one's wrath.

BOTTLE
Bot"tle, n. Etym: [OE. botel, OF. botel, dim. of F. botte; cf. OHG.
bozo bunch. See Boss stud.]

Defn: A bundle, esp. of hay. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. Shak.

BOTTLED
Bot"tled, a.

1. Put into bottles; inclosed in bottles; pent up in, or as in, a
bottle.

2. Having the shape of a bottle; protuberant. Shak.

BOTTLE GREEN
Bot"tle green`

Defn: A dark shade of green, like that of bottle glass.
 -- Bot"tle-green`, a.

BOTTLEHEAD
Bot"tle*head`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cetacean allied to the grampus; -- called also bottle-nosed
whale.

Note: There are several species so named, as the pilot whales, of the
genus Globicephalus, and one or more species of Hyperoödon (H.
bidens, etc.), found on the European coast. See Blackfish, 1.

BOTTLEHOLDER
Bot"tle*hold`er, n.

1. One who attends a pugilist in a prize fight; -- so called from the
bottle of water of which he has charge.

2. One who assists or supports another in a contest; an abettor; a
backer. [Colloq.]
Lord Palmerston considered himself the bottleholder of oppressed
states. The London Times.

BOTTLE-NECK FRAME
Bot"tle-neck` frame". (Automobiles)

Defn: An inswept frame. [Colloq.]

BOTTLE-NOSE
Bot"tle-nose` (, n. (Zoöl.)

1. A cetacean of the Dolphin family, of several species, as Delphinus
Tursio and Lagenorhyncus leucopleurus, of Europe.

2. The puffin.

BOTTLE-NOSED
Bot"tle-nosed` (, a.

Defn: Having the nose bottleshaped, or large at the end. Dickens.

BOTTLER
Bot"tler, n.

Defn: One who bottles wine, beer, soda water, etc.

BOTTLESCREW
Bot"tle*screw` n.

Defn: A corkscrew. Swift.

BOTTLING
Bot"tling n.

Defn: The act or the process of putting anything into bottles (as
beer, mineral water, etc.) and corking the bottles.

BOTTOM
Bot"tom, n. Etym: [OE. botum, botme, AS. botm; akin to OS. bodom, D.
bodem, OHG. podam, G. boden, Icel. botn, Sw. botten, Dan. bund (for
budn ), L. fundus (for fudnus), Gr.budhna (for bhudhna), and Ir. bonn
sole of the foot, W. bon stem, base. Cf. 4th Found, Fund, n.]

1. The lowest part of anything; the foot; as, the bottom of a tree or
well; the bottom of a hill, a lane, or a page.
Or dive into the bottom of the deep. Shak.

2. The part of anything which is beneath the contents and supports
them, as the part of a chair on which a person sits, the circular
base or lower head of a cask or tub, or the plank floor of a ship's
hold; the under surface.
Barrels with the bottom knocked out. Macaulay.
No two chairs were alike; such high backs and low backs and leather
bottoms and worsted bottoms. W. Irving.

3. That upon which anything rests or is founded, in a literal or a
figurative sense; foundation; groundwork.

4. The bed of a body of water, as of a river, lake, sea.

5. The fundament; the buttocks.

6. An abyss. [Obs.] Dryden.

7. Low land formed by alluvial deposits along a river; low-lying
ground; a dale; a valley. "The bottoms and the high grounds."
Stoddard.

8. (Naut.)

Defn: The part of a ship which is ordinarily under water; hence, the
vessel itself; a ship.
My ventures are not in one bottom trusted. Shak.
Not to sell the teas, but to return them to London in the same
bottoms in which they were shipped. Bancroft.
Full bottom, a hull of such shape as permits carrying a large amount
of merchandise.

9. Power of endurance; as, a horse of a good bottom.

10. Dregs or grounds; lees; sediment. Johnson. At bottom, At the
bottom, at the foundation or basis; in reality. "He was at the bottom
a good man." J. F. Cooper.
 -- To be at the bottom of, to be the cause or originator of; to be
the source of. [Usually in an opprobrious sense.] J. H. Newman.
He was at the bottom of many excellent counsels. Addison.
-- To go to the bottom, to sink; esp. to be wrecked.
 -- To touch bottom, to reach the lowest point; to find something on
which to rest.

BOTTOM
Bot"tom, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the bottom; fundamental; lowest; under; as,
bottom rock; the bottom board of a wagon box; bottom prices. Bottom
glade, a low glade or open place; a valley; a dale. Milton. -Bottom
grass, grass growing on bottom lands.
 -- Bottom land. See 1st Bottom, n., 7.

BOTTOM
Bot"tom, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bottomed (p. pr. & vb. n. Bottoming.]

1. To found or build upon; to fix upon as a support; -- followed by
on or upon.
Action is supposed to be bottomed upon principle. Atterbury.
Those false and deceiving grounds upon which many bottom their
eternal state]. South.

2. To furnish with a bottom; as, to bottom a chair.

3. To reach or get to the bottom of. Smiles.

BOTTOM
Bot"tom, v. i.

1. To rest, as upon an ultimate support; to be based or grounded; --
usually with on or upon.
Find on what foundation any proposition bottoms. Locke.

2. To reach or impinge against the bottom, so as to impede free
action, as when the point of a cog strikes the bottom of a space
between two other cogs, or a piston the end of a cylinder.

BOTTOM
Bot"tom, n. Etym: [OE. botme, perh. corrupt. for button. See Button.]

Defn: A ball or skein of thread; a cocoon. [Obs.]
Silkworms finish their bottoms in . . . fifteen days. Mortimer.

BOTTOM
Bot"tom, v. t.

Defn: To wind round something, as in making a ball of thread. [Obs.]
As you unwind her love from him, Lest it should ravel and be good to
none, You must provide to bottom it on me. Shak.

BOTTOMED
Bot"tomed, a.

Defn: Having at the bottom, or as a bottom; resting upon a bottom;
grounded; -- mostly, in composition; as, sharp-bottomed; well-
bottomed.

BOTTOM FERMENTATION
Bot"tom fer`men*ta"tion.

Defn: A slow alcoholic fermentation during which the yeast cells
collect at the bottom of the fermenting liquid. It takes place at a
temperature of 4º - 10º C. (39º - 50ºF.). It is used in making lager
beer and wines of low alcohol content but fine bouquet.

BOTTOMLESS
Bot"tom*less, a.

Defn: Without a bottom; hence, fathomless; baseless; as, a bottomless
abyss. "Bottomless speculations." Burke.

BOTTOMRY
Bot"tom*ry, n. Etym: [From 1st Bottom in sense 8: cf.D. bodemerij.
Cf. Bummery.] (Mar.Law)

Defn: A contract in the nature of a mortgage, by which the owner of a
ship, or the master as his agent, hypothecates and binds the ship
(and sometimes the accruing freight) as security for the repayment of
money advanced or lent for the use of the ship, if she terminates her
voyage successfully. If the ship is lost by perils of the sea, the
lender loses the money; but if the ship arrives safe, he is to
receive the money lent, with the interest or premium stipulated,
although it may, and usually does, exceed the legal rate of interest.
See Hypothecation.

BOTTONY; BOTTONE
Bot"ton*y, Bot"to*né, a. Etym: [F. boutonné, fr. boutonner to bud,
button.] (Her.)

Defn: Having a bud or button, or a kind of trefoil, at the end;
furnished with knobs or buttons. Cross bottony (Her.), a cross having
each arm terminating in three rounded lobes, forming a sort of
trefoil.

BOTTS
Botts, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Bots.

BOTULIFORM
Bot"u*li*form`, a. Etym: [L. botulus sausage + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the shape of a sausage. Henslow.

BOUCHE
Bouche, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Same as Bush, a lining.

BOUCHE
Bouche, v. t.

Defn: Same as Bush, to line.

BOUCHE; BOUCH
Bouche, Bouch, n. Etym: [F. bouche mouth, victuals.]

1. A mouth. [Obs.]

2. An allowance of meat and drink for the tables of inferior officers
or servants in a nobleman's palace or at court. [Obs.]

BOUCHEES
Bou`chées", n. pl. Etym: [F., morsels, mouthfuls, fr. bouche mouth.]
(Cookery)

Defn: Small patties.

BOUCHERIZE
Bou"cher*ize, v. t. [After Dr. Auguste Boucherie, a French chemist,
who invented the process.]

Defn: To impregnate with a preservative solution of copper sulphate,
as timber, railroad ties, etc.

BOUD
Boud, n.

Defn: A weevil; a worm that breeds in malt, biscuit, etc. [Obs.]
Tusser., n. Etym: [F., fr. bouder to pout, be sulky.]

Defn: A small room, esp. if pleasant, or elegantly furnished, to
which a lady may retire to be alone, or to receive intimate friends;
a lady's (or sometimes a gentleman's) private room. Cowper.

BOUDOIR
Bou*doir", n. [F., fr. bouder to pout, be sulky.]

Defn: A small room, esp. if pleasant, or elegantly furnished, to
which a lady may retire to be alone, or to receive intimate friends;
a lady's (or sometimes a gentleman's) private room. Cowper.

BOUFFE
Bouffe, n. Etym: [F., buffoon.]

Defn: Comic opera. See Opera Bouffe.

BOUGAINVILLAEA
Bou`gain*vil*læ`a, n. Etym: [Named from Bougainville, the French
navigator.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the order Nyctoginaceæ, from tropical
South America, having the flowers surrounded by large bracts.

BOUGE
Bouge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bouged] Etym: [Variant of bulge. Cf.
Bowge.]

1. To swell out. [Obs.]

2. To bilge. [Obs.] "Their ship bouged." Hakluyt.

BOUGE
Bouge, v. t.

Defn: To stave in; to bilge. [Obs.] Holland.

BOUGE
Bouge, n. Etym: [F. bouche mouth, victuals.]

Defn: Bouche (see Bouche, 2); food and drink; provisions. [Obs.]
[They] made room for a bombardman that brought bouge for a country
lady or two, that fainted . . . with fasting. B. Jonson
.

BOUGET
Bou"get, n. Etym: [Cf. F. bougette sack, bag. Cf. Budget.] (Her.)

Defn: A charge representing a leather vessel for carrying water; --
also called water bouget.

BOUGH
Bough, n. Etym: [OE. bogh, AS. bog, boh, bough, shoulder; akin to
Icel. bogr shoulder, bow of a ship, Sw. bog, Dan. bov, OHG. buog, G.
bug, and to Gr.bahu (for bhaghu) arm. sq. root88, 251. Cf. Bow of a
ship.]

1. An arm or branch of a tree, esp. a large arm or main branch.

2. A gallows. [Archaic] Spenser.

BOUGHT
Bought, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. bugt bend, turning, Icel. bug. Cf. Bight,
Bout, and see Bow to bend.]

1. A flexure; a bend; a twist; a turn; a coil, as in a rope; as the
boughts of a serpent. [Obs.] Spenser.
The boughts of the fore legs. Sir T. Browne.

2. The part of a sling that contains the stone. [Obs.]

BOUGHT
Bought,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Buy.

BOUGHT
Bought, p. a.

Defn: Purchased; bribed.

BOUGHTEN
Bought"en, a.

Defn: Purchased; not obtained or produced at home. Coleridge.

BOUGHTY
Bought"y, a.

Defn: Bending. [Obs.] Sherwood.

BOUGIE
Bou*gie" (, n. Etym: [F. bougie wax candle, bougie, fr. Bougie,
Bugia, a town of North Africa, from which these candles were first
imported into Europe.]

1. (Surg.)

Defn: A long, flexible instrument, that is

Note: introduced into the urethra, esophagus, etc., to remove
obstructions, or for the other purposes. It was originally made of
waxed linen rolled into cylindrical form.

2. (Pharm.)

Defn: A long slender rod consisting of gelatin or some other
substance that melts at the temperature of the body. It is
impregnated with medicine, and designed for introduction into
urethra, etc.

BOUGIE DECIMALE
Bou*gie" dé`ci`male". [F., lit., decimal candle.]

Defn: A photometric standard used in France, having the value of one
twentieth of the Violle platinum standard, or slightly less than a
British standard candle. Called also decimal candle.

BOUILLI
Bou`illi" (, n. Etym: [F., fr. bouillir to boil.] (Cookery)

Defn: Boiled or stewed meat; beef boiled with vegetables in water
from which its gravy is to be made; beef from which bouillon or soup
has been made.

BOUILLON
Bou`illon" (, n. Etym: [F., fr. bouillir to boil.]

1. A nutritious liquid food made by boiling beef, or other meat, in
water; a clear soup or broth.

2. (Far.)

Defn: An excrescence on a horse's frush or frog.

BOUK
Bouk, n. Etym: [AS. bücbauch, Icel. bü body.]

1. The body. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Bulk; volume. [Scot.]

BOUL
Boul, n.

Defn: A curved handle. Sir W. Scott.

BOULANGERITE
Bou*lan"ger*ite, n. Etym: [From Boulanger, a French mineralogist.]
(Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a bluish gray color and metallic luster, usually
in plumose masses, also compact. It is sulphide of antimony and lead.

BOULANGISM
Bou*lan"gism, n. [F. boulangisme.]

Defn: The spirit or principles of a French political movement
identified with Gen. Georges Boulanger (d. 1891), whose militarism
and advocacy of revenge on Germany attracted to him a miscellaneous
party of monarchists and Republican malcontents. -- Bou*lan"gist (#),
n.

BOULDER
Boul"der, n.

Defn: Same as Bowlder.

BOULDERY
Boul"der*y, a.

Defn: Characterized by bowlders.

BOULE; BOULEWORK
Boule, Boule"work`, n.

Defn: Same as Buhl, Buhlwork.

BOULEVARD
Bou"le*vard`, n. Etym: [F. boulevard, boulevart, fr. G. bollwerk. See
Bulwark.]

1. Originally, a bulwark or rampart of fortification or fortified
town.

2. A public walk or street occupying the site of demolished
fortifications. Hence: A broad avenue in or around a city.

BOULEVARDIER
Boule`var`dier", n. [F.]

Defn: A frequenter of a city boulevard, esp. in Paris.  F. Harrison.

BOULEVERSEMENT
Boule`verse`ment", n. Etym: [F., fr. bouleverser to overthrow.]

Defn: Complete overthrow; disorder; a turning upside down.

BOULT
Boult, n.

Defn: Corrupted form Bolt.

BOULT
Boult (bolt), n.

Defn: Corrupted form Bolt.

BOULTEL; BOULTIN
Boul"tel, Boul"tin, n. (Arch.)
(a) A molding, the convexity of which is one fourth of a circle,
being a member just below the abacus in the Tuscan and Roman Doric
capital; a torus; an ovolo.
(b) One of the shafts of a clustered column. [Written also bowtel,
boltel, boultell, etc.]

BOULTER
Boul"ter, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A long, stout fishing line to which many hooks are attached.

BOUN
Boun, a. Etym: [See Bound ready.]

Defn: Ready; prepared; destined; tending. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BOUN
Boun, v. t.

Defn: To make or get ready. Sir W. Scott.

BOUNCE
Bounce, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bounced; p. pr. & vb. n. Bouncing.] Etym:
[OE. bunsen; cf. D. bonzen to strike, bounce, bons blow, LG. bunsen
to knock; all prob. of imitative origin.]

1. To strike or thump, so as to rebound, or to make a sudden noise; a
knock loudly.
Another bounces as hard as he can knock. Swift.
Against his bosom bounced his heaving heart. Dryden.

2. To leap or spring suddenly or unceremoniously; to bound; as, she
bounced into the room.
Out bounced the mastiff. Swift.
Bounced off his arm+chair. Thackeray.

3. To boast; to talk big; to bluster. [Obs.]

BOUNCE
Bounce, v. t.

1. To drive against anything suddenly and violently; to bump; to
thump. Swift.

2. To cause to bound or rebound; sometimes, to toss.

3. To eject violently, as from a room; to discharge unceremoniously,
as from employment. [Collog. U. S.]

4. To bully; to scold. [Collog.] J. Fletcher.

BOUNCE
Bounce, n.

1. A sudden leap or bound; a rebound.

2. A heavy, sudden, and often noisy, blow or thump.
The bounce burst open the door. Dryden.

3. An explosion, or the noise of one. [Obs.]

4. Bluster; brag; untruthful boasting; audacious exaggeration; an
impudent lie; a bouncer. Johnson. De Quincey.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dogfish of Europe (Scyllium catulus).

BOUNCE
Bounce, adv.

Defn: With a sudden leap; suddenly.
This impudent puppy comes bounce in upon me. Bickerstaff.

BOUNCER
Boun"cer, n.

1. One who bounces; a large, heavy person who makes much noise in
moving.

2. A boaster; a bully. [Collog.] Johnson.

3. A bold lie; also, a liar. [Collog.] Marryat.

4. Something big; a good stout example of the kind.
The stone must be a bouncer. De Quincey.

BOUNCING
Boun"cing, a.

1. Stout; plump and healthy; lusty; buxom.
Many tall and bouncing young ladies. Thackeray.

2. Excessive; big. "A bouncing reckoning." B. & Fl. Bouncing Bet
(Bot.), the common soapwort (Saponaria officinalis). Harper's Mag.

BOUNCINGLY
Boun"cing*ly, adv.

Defn: With a bounce.

BOUND
Bound, n. Etym: [OE. bounde, bunne, OF. bonne, bonde, bodne, F.
borne, fr. LL. bodina, bodena, bonna; prob. of Celtic origin; cf.
Arm. bonn boundary, limit, and boden, bod, a tuft or cluster of
trees, by which a boundary or limit could be marked. Cf. Bourne.]

Defn: The external or limiting line, either real or imaginary, of any
object or space; that which limits or restrains, or within which
something is limited or restrained; limit; confine; extent; boundary.
He hath compassed the waters with bounds. Job xxvi. 10.
On earth's remotest bounds. Campbell.
And mete the bounds of hate and love. Tennyson.
To keep within bounds, not to exceed or pass beyond assigned limits;
to act with propriety or discretion.

Syn.
 -- See Boundary.

BOUND
Bound, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Bounding.]

1. To limit; to terminate; to fix the furthest point of extension of;
-- said of natural or of moral objects; to lie along, or form, a
boundary of; to inclose; to circumscribe; to restrain; to confine.
Where full measure only bounds excess. Milton.
Phlegethon . . . Whose fiery flood the burning empire bounds. Dryden.

2. To name the boundaries of; as, to bound France.

BOUND
Bound, v. i. Etym: [F. bondir to leap, OF. bondir, bundir, to leap,
resound, fr. L. bombitare to buzz, hum, fr. bombus a humming,
buzzing. See Bomb.]

1. To move with a sudden spring or leap, or with a succession of
springs or leaps; as the beast bounded from his den; the herd bounded
across the plain.
Before his lord the ready spaniel bounds. Pope.
And the waves bound beneath me as a steed That knows his rider.
Byron.

2. To rebound, as an elastic ball.

BOUND
Bound, v. t.

1. To make to bound or leap; as, to bound a horse. [R.] Shak.

2. To cause to rebound; to throw so that it will rebound; as, to
bound a ball on the floor. [Collog.]

BOUND
Bound, n.

1. A leap; an elastic spring; a jump.
A bound of graceful hardihood. Wordsworth.

2. Rebound; as, the bound of a ball. Johnson.

3. (Dancing)

Defn: Spring from one foot to the other.

BOUND
Bound,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Bind.

BOUND
Bound, p. p. & a.

1. Restrained by a hand, rope, chain, fetters, or the like.

2. Inclosed in a binding or cover; as, a bound volume.

3. Under legal or moral restraint or obligation.

4. Constrained or compelled; destined; certain; -- followed by the
infinitive; as, he is bound to succeed; he is bound to fail.

5. Resolved; as, I am bound to do it. [Collog. U. S.]

6. Constipated; costive.

Note: Used also in composition; as, icebound, windbound, hidebound,
etc. Bound bailiff (Eng. Law), a sheriff's officer who serves writs,
makes arrests, etc. The sheriff being answerable for the bailiff's
misdemeanors, the bailiff is usually under bond for the faithful
discharge of his trust.
 -- Bound up in, entirely devoted to; inseparable from.

BOUND
Bound, a. Etym: [Past p. of OE. bounen to prepare, fr. boun ready,
prepared, fr. Icel. bü, p. p. of büaboor and bower. See Bond, a., and
cf. Busk, v.]

Defn: Ready or intending to go; on the way toward; going; -- with to
or for, or with an adverb of motion; as, a ship is bound to Cadiz, or
for Cadiz. "The mariner bound homeward." Cowper.

BOUNDARY
Bound"a*ry, n.; pl. Boundaries ( Etym: [From Bound a limit; cf. LL.
bonnarium piece of land with fixed limits.]

Defn: That which indicates or fixes a limit or extent, or marks a
bound, as of a territory; a bounding or separating line; a real or
imaginary limit.
But still his native country lies Beyond the boundaries of the skies.
N. Cotton.
That bright and tranquil stream, the boundary of Louth and Meath.
Macaulay.
Sensation and reflection are the boundaries of our thoughts. Locke.

Syn.
 -- Limit; bound; border; term; termination; barrier; verge;
confines; precinct. Bound, Boundary. Boundary, in its original and
strictest sense, is a visible object or mark indicating a limit.
Bound is the limit itself. But in ordinary usage the two words are
made interchangeable.

BOUNDEN
Bound"en, p.p & a. Etym: [Old. p. p. of bind.]

1. Bound; fastened by bonds. [Obs.]

2. Under obligation; bound by some favor rendered; obliged; beholden.
This holy word, that teacheth us truly our bounden duty toward our
Lord God in every point. Ridley.

3. Made obligatory; imposed as a duty; binding.
I am much bounden to your majesty. Shak.

BOUNDER
Bound"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, limits; a boundary. Sir T. Herbert.

BOUNDING
Bound"ing, a.

Defn: Moving with a bound or bounds.
The bounding pulse, the languid limb. Montgomery.

BOUNDLESS
Bound"less, a.

Defn: Without bounds or confines; illimitable; vast; unlimited. "The
boundless sky." Bryant. "The boundless ocean." Dryden. "Boundless
rapacity." "Boundless prospect of gain." Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Unlimited; unconfined; immeasurable; illimitable; infinite.
 -- Bound"less*ly, adv.
 -- Bound"less*ness, n.

BOUNTEOUS
Boun"te*ous, a. Etym: [OE. bountevous, fr. bounte bounty.]

Defn: Liberal in charity; disposed to give freely; generously
liberal; munificent; beneficent; free in bestowing gifts; as,
bounteous production.
But O, thou bounteous Giver of all good. Cowper.
-- Boun"te*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Boun"te*ous*ness, n.

BOUNTIFUL
Boun"ti*ful, a.

1. Free in giving; liberal in bestowing gifts and favors.
God, the bountiful Author of our being. Locke.

2. Plentiful; abundant; as, a bountiful supply of food.

Syn.
 -- Liberal; munificent; generous; bounteous.
 -- Boun"ti*ful*ly, adv.
 -- Boun"ti*ful*ness, n.

BOUNTIHEAD; BOUNTYHOOD
Boun"ti*head, Boun"ty*hood, n.

Defn: Goodness; generosity. [Obs.] Spenser.

BOUNTY
Boun"ty, n.; pl. Bounties. Etym: [OE. bounte goodness, kindness, F.
bonté, fr. L. bonitas, fr. bonus good, for older duonus; cf. Skr.
duvas honor, respect.]

1. Goodness, kindness; virtue; worth. [Obs.]
Nature set in her at once beauty with bounty. Gower.

2. Liberality in bestowing gifts or favors; gracious or liberal
giving; generosity; munificence.
My bounty is as boundless as the sea. Shak.

3. That which is given generously or liberally. "Thy morning
bounties." Cowper.

4. A premium offered or given to induce men to enlist into the public
service; or to encourage any branch of industry, as husbandry or
manufactures. Bounty jumper, one who, during the latter part of the
Civil War, enlisted in the United States service, and deserted as
soon as possible after receiving the bounty. [Collog.] -- Queen
Anne's bounty (Eng. Hist.), a provision made in Queen Anne's reign
for augmenting poor clerical livings.

Syn.
 -- Munificence; generosity; beneficence.

BOUQUET
Bou*quet", n. Etym: [F. bouquet bunch, bunch of flowers, trees,
feathers, for bousquet, bosquet, thicket, a little wood, dim. of LL.
boscus. See Bush thicket, and cf. Bosket, Busket.]

1. A nosegay; a bunch of flowers.

2. A perfume; an aroma; as, the bouquet of wine.

BOUQUETIN
Bou`que*tin", n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ibex.

BOUR
Bour, n. Etym: [See Bower a chamber.]

Defn: A chamber or a cottage. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BOURBON
Bour"bon, n. Etym: [From the castle and seigniory of Bourbon in
central France.]

1. A member of a family which has occupied several European thrones,
and whose descendants still claim the throne of France.

2. A politician who is behind the age; a ruler or politician who
neither forgets nor learns anything; an obstinate conservative.

BOURBONISM
Bour"bon*ism, n.

Defn: The principles of those adhering to the house of Bourbon;
obstinate conservatism.

BOURBONIST
Bour"bon*ist, n.

Defn: One who adheres to the house of Bourbon; a legitimist.

BOURBON WHISKY
Bour"bon whis"ky.

Defn: See under Whisky.

BOURD
Bourd, n. Etym: [F. bourde fib, lie, OF. borde, bourde, jest, joke.]

Defn: A jest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BOURD
Bourd, v. i.

Defn: To jest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BOURDER
Bourd"er, n.

Defn: A jester. [Obs.]

BOURDON
Bour"don, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. burdo mule, esp. one used for carrying
litters. Cf. Sp. muleta a young she mule; also, crutch, prop.]

Defn: A pilgrim's staff.

BOURDON
Bour"don`, n. Etym: [F. See Burden a refrain.] (Mus.)
(a) A drone bass, as in a bagpipe, or a hurdy-gurdy. See Burden (of a
song.)
(b) A kind of organ stop.

BOURGEOIS
Bour*geois", n. Etym: [From a French type founder named Bourgeois, or
fr. F. bourgeois of the middle class; hence applied to an
intermediate size of type between brevier and long primer: cf. G.
bourgeois, borgis. Cf. Burgess.] (Print.)

Defn: A size of type between long primer and brevier. See Type.

Note: This line is printed in bourgeois type.

BOURGEOIS
Bour*geois", n. Etym: [F., fr. bourg town; of German origin. See
Burgess.]

Defn: A man of middle rank in society; one of the shopkeeping class.
[France.] a.

Defn: Characteristic of the middle class, as in France.

BOURGEOISIE
Bour*geoi*sie", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The French middle class, particularly such as are concerned in,
or dependent on, trade.

BOURGEON
Bour"geon, v. i. Etym: [OE. burjoun a bud, burjounen to bud, F.
bourgeon a bud, bourgeonner to bud; cf. OHG. burjan to raise.]

Defn: To sprout; to put forth buds; to shoot forth, as a branch.
Gayly to bourgeon and broadly to grow. Sir W. Scott.

BOURI
Bou"ri, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mullet (Mugil capito) found in the rivers of Southern Europe
and in Africa.

BOURN; BOURNE
Bourn, Bourne, n. Etym: [OE. burne, borne, AS. burna; akin to OS.
brunno spring, G. born, brunnen, OHG. prunno, Goth. brunna, Icel.
brunnr, and perh. to Gr. burn, v., because the source of a stream
seems to issue forth bubbling and boiling from the earth. Cf.
Torrent, and see Burn, v.]

Defn: A stream or rivulet; a burn.
My little boat can safely pass this perilous bourn. Spenser.

BOURN; BOURNE
Bourn, Bourne, n. Etym: [F. borne. See Bound a limit.]

Defn: A bound; a boundary; a limit. Hence: Point aimed at; goal.
Where the land slopes to its watery bourn. Cowper.
The undiscovered country, from whose bourn No traveler returns. Shak.
Sole bourn, sole wish, sole object of my song. Wordsworth.
To make the doctrine . . . their intellectual bourne. Tyndall.

BOURNLESS
Bourn"less, a.

Defn: Without a bourn or limit.

BOURNONITE
Bour"non*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Count Bournon, a minerologist.]
(Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a steel-gray to black color and metallic luster,
occurring crystallized, often in twin crystals shaped like cogwheels
(wheel ore), also massive. It is a sulphide of antimony, lead, and
copper.

BOURNOUS
Bour*nous", n.

Defn: See Burnoose.

BOURREE
Bour*rée, n. Etym: [F.] (Mus.)

Defn: An old French dance tune in common time.

BOURSE
Bourse, n. Etym: [F. bourse purse, exchange, LL. bursa, fr. Gr.Purse,
Burse.]

Defn: An exchange, or place where merchants, bankers, etc., meet for
business at certain hours; esp., the Stock Exchange of Paris.

BOUSE
Bouse, v. i.

Defn: To drink immoderately; to carouse; to booze. See Booze.

BOUSE
Bouse, n.

Defn: Drink, esp. alcoholic drink; also, a carouse; a booze. "A good
bouse of liquor." Carlyle.

BOUSER
Bous"er, n.

Defn: A toper; a boozer.

BOUSTROPHEDON
Bou`stro*phe"don, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An ancient mode of writing, in alternate directions, one line
from left to right, and the next from right to left (as fields are
plowed), as in early Greek and Hittite.

BOUSTROPHEDONIC
Bou*stroph`e*don"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to the boustrophedon mode of writing.

BOUSTROPHIC
Bou*stroph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Boustrophedonic.

BOUSY
Bousy, a.

Defn: Drunken; sotted; boozy.
In his cups the bousy poet songs. Dryden.

BOUT
Bout, n. Etym: [A different spelling and application of bought bend.]

1. As much of an action as is performed at one time; a going and
returning, as of workmen in reaping, mowing, etc.; a turn; a round.
In notes with many a winding bout Of linked sweetness long drawn out.
Milton.
The prince . . . has taken me in his train, so that I am in no danger
of starving for this bout. Goldsmith.

2. A conflict; contest; attempt; trial; a set-to at anything; as, a
fencing bout; a drinking bout.
The gentleman will, for his honor's sake, have one bout with you; he
can not by the duello avoid it. Shak.

BOUTADE
Bou*tade", n. Etym: [F., fr. bouter to thrust. See Butt.]

Defn: An outbreak; a caprice; a whim. [Obs.]

BOUTEFEU
Boute"feu, n. Etym: [F.; bouter to thrust, put + feu fire.]

Defn: An incendiary; an inciter of quarrels. [Obs.]
Animated by . . . John à Chamber, a very boutefeu, . . . they entered
into open rebellion. Bacon.

BOUTONNIERE
Bou`ton`nière", n. Etym: [F., buttonhole.]

Defn: A bouquet worn in a buttonhole.

BOUTS-RIMES
Bouts`-ri*més", n. pl. Etym: [F. bout end + rimé rhymed.]

Defn: Words that rhyme, proposed as the ends of verses, to be filled
out by the ingenuity of the person to whom they are offered.

BOVATE
Bo"vate, n. Etym: [LL. bovata, fr. bos, bovis, ox.] (O.Eng.Law.)

Defn: An oxgang, or as much land as an ox can plow in a year; an
ancient measure of land, of indefinite quantity, but usually
estimated at fifteen acres.

BOVEY COAL
Bo"vey coal`. (Min.)

Defn: A kind of mineral coal, or brown lignite, burning with a weak
flame, and generally a disagreeable odor; -- found at Bovey Tracey,
Devonshire, England. It is of geological age of the oölite, and not
of the true coal era.

BOVID
Bo"vid, a. Etym: [L. bos, bovis, ox, cow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Relating to that tribe of ruminant mammals of which the genus
Bos is the type.

BOVIFORM
Bo"vi*form, a. Etym: [L. bos, bovis, ox + -form.]

Defn: Resembling an ox in form; ox-shaped. [R.]

BOVINE
Bo"vine, a. Etym: [LL. bovinus, fr.L. bos, bovis, ox, cow: cf. F.
bovine. See Cow.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: of or pertaining to the genus Bos; relating to, or resembling,
the ox or cow; oxlike; as, the bovine genus; a bovine antelope.

2. Having qualities characteristic of oxen or cows; sluggish and
patient; dull; as, a bovine temperament.
The bovine gaze of gaping rustics. W. Black.

BOW
Bow (bou), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bowing.] Etym:
[OE. bowen, bogen, bugen, AS. bugan (generally v.i.); akin to D.
buigen, OHG. biogan, G. biegen, beugen, Icel. boginn bent, beygja to
bend, Sw. böja, Dan. böie, bugne, Coth. biugan; also to L. fugere to
flee, Gr. bhuj to bend. sq. root88. Cf. Fugitive.]

1. To cause to deviate from straightness; to bend; to inflect; to
make crooked or curved.
We bow things the contrary way, to make them come to their natural
straightness. Milton.
The whole nation bowed their necks to the worst kind of tyranny.
Prescott.

2. To exercise powerful or controlling influence over; to bend,
figuratively; to turn; to incline.
Adversities do more bow men's minds to religion. Bacon.
Not to bow and bias their opinions. Fuller.

3. To bend or incline, as the head or body, in token of respect,
gratitude, assent, homage, or condescension.
They came to meet him, and bowed themselves to the ground before him.
2 Kings ii. 15.

4. To cause to bend down; to prostrate; to depress,;
Whose heavy hand hath bowed you to the grave. Shak.

5. To express by bowing; as, to bow one's thanks.

BOW
Bow (bou), v. i.

1. To bend; to curve. [Obs.]

2. To stop. [Archaic]
They stoop, they bow down together. Is. xlvi. 2

3. To bend the head, knee, or body, in token of reverence or
submission; -- often with down.
O come, let us worship and bow down: let us kneel before the Lord our
maker. Ps. xcv. 6.

4. To incline the head in token of salutation, civility, or assent;
to make bow.
Admired, adored by all circling crowd, For wheresoe'er she turned her
face, they bowed. Dryden.

BOW
Bow (bou), n.

Defn: An inclination of the head, or a bending of the body, in token
of reverence, respect, civility, or submission; an obeisance; as, a
bow of deep humility.

BOW
Bow (bo), n. Etym: [OE. bowe, boge, AS. boga, fr. AS. bü to bend;
akin to D. boog, G. bogen, Icel. bogi. See Bow, v. t.]

1. Anything bent, or in the form of a curve, as the rainbow.
I do set my bow in the cloud. Gen. ix. 13.

2. A weapon made of a strip of wood, or other elastic material, with
a cord connecting the two ends, by means of which an arrow is
propelled.

3. An ornamental knot, with projecting lops, formed by doubling a
ribbon or string.

4. The U-shaped piece which embraces the neck of an ox and fastens it
to the yoke.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: An appliance consisting of an elastic rod, with a number of
horse hairs stretched from end to end of it, used in playing on a
stringed instrument.

6. An acrograph.

7. (Mech. & Manuf.)

Defn: Any instrument consisting of an elastic rod, with ends
connected by a string, employed for giving reciprocating motion to a
drill, or for preparing and arranging the hair, fur, etc., used by
hatters.

8. (Naut.)

Defn: A rude sort of quadrant formerly used for taking the sun's
altitude at sea.

9. (Saddlery) sing. or pl.

Defn: Two pieces of wood which form the arched forward part of a
saddletree. Bow bearer (O. Eng. Law), an under officer of the forest
who looked after trespassers.
 -- Bow drill, a drill worked by a bow and string.
 -- Bow instrument (Mus.), any stringed instrument from which the
tones are produced by the bow.
 -- Bow window (Arch.) See Bay window.
 -- To draw a long bow, to lie; to exaggerate. [Colloq.]

BOW
Bow (bo), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bowing.]

Defn: To play (music) with a bow.
 -- v. i.

Defn: To manage the bow.

BOW
Bow (bo), n. Etym: [Icel. bogr shoulder, bow of a ship. See Bough.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The bending or rounded part of a ship forward; the stream or
prow.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: One who rows in the forward part of a boat; the bow oar. Bow
chaser (Naut.), a gun in the bow for firing while chasing another
vessel. Totten. - Bow piece, a piece of ordnance carried at the bow
of a ship.
 -- On the bow (Naut.), on that part of the horizon within 45º on
either side of the line ahead. Totten.

BOWABLE
Bow"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being bowed or bent; flexible; easily influenced;
yielding. [Obs.]

BOWBELL
Bow"bell`, n.

Defn: One born within hearing distance of Bow-bells; a cockney.
Halliwell.

BOW-BELLS
Bow"-bells`, n. pl.

Defn: The bells of Bow Church in London; cockneydom.
People born within the sound of Bow-bells are usually called
cockneys. Murray's Handbook of London.

BOWBENT
Bow"bent`, a.

Defn: Bent, like a bow. Milton.

BOW-COMPASS
Bow"-com`pass, n.; pl. Bow-compasses (.

1. An arcograph.

2. A small pair of compasses, one leg of which carries a pencil, or a
pen, for drawing circles. Its legs are often connected by a bow-
shaped spring, instead of by a joint.

3. A pair of compasses, with a bow or arched plate riveted to one of
the legs, and passing through the other.

BOWDLERIZE
Bowd"ler*ize, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Bowdlerized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bowdlerizing.] [After Dr. Thomas Bowdler, an English physician, who
published an expurgated edition of Shakespeare in 1818.]

Defn: To expurgate, as a book, by omitting or modifying the parts
considered offensive.

It is a grave defect in the splendid tale of Tom Jones . . . that a
Bowlderized version of it would be hardly intelligible as a tale.
F. Harrison.

-- Bowd`ler*i*za"tion (#), n. --Bowd"ler*ism (#), n.

BOWEL
Bow"el, n. Etym: [OE. bouel, bouele, OF. boel, boele, F. boyau, fr.
L. botellus a small sausage, in LL. also intestine, dim. of L.
botulus sausage.]

1. One of the intestines of an animal; an entrail, especially of man;
a gut; -- generally used in the plural.
He burst asunder in the midst, and all his bowels gushed out. Acts i.
18.

2. pl.

Defn: Hence, figuratively: The interior part of anything; as, the
bowels of the earth.
His soldiers . . . cried out amain, And rushed into the bowels of the
battle. Shak.

3. pl.

Defn: The seat of pity or kindness. Hence: Tenderness; compassion.
"Thou thing of no bowels." Shak.
Bloody Bonner, that corpulent tyrant, full (as one said) of guts, and
empty of bowels. Fuller.

4. pl.

Defn: Offspring. [Obs.] Shak.

BOWEL
Bow"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boweled or Bowelled; p. pr.& vb. n.
Boweling or Bowelling.]

Defn: To take out the bowels of; to eviscerate; to disembowel.

BOWELED
Bow"eled, a. [Written also bowelled.]

Defn: Having bowels; hollow. "The boweled cavern." Thomson.

BOWELLESS
Bow"el*less, a.

Defn: Without pity. Sir T. Browne.

BOWENITE
Bow"en*ite, n. Etym: [From G.T.Bowen, who analyzed it in 1822.]
(Min.)

Defn: A hard, compact variety of serpentine found in Rhode Island. It
is of a light green color and resembles jade.

BOWER
Bo"wer, n. Etym: [From Bow, v. & n.]

1. One who bows or bends.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: An anchor carried at the bow of a ship.

3. A muscle that bends a limb, esp. the arm. [Obs.]
His rawbone arms, whose mighty brawned bowers
Were wont to rive steel plates and helmets hew. Spenser.
Best bower, Small bower. See the Note under Anchor.

BOWER
Bow"er, n. Etym: [G. bauer a peasant. So called from the figure
sometimes used for the knave in cards. See Boor.]

Defn: One of the two highest cards in the pack commonly used in the
game of euchre. Right bower, the knave of the trump suit, the highest
card (except the "Joker") in the game.
 -- Left bower, the knave of the other suit of the same color as the
trump, being the next to the right bower in value.
 -- Best bower or Joker, in some forms of euchre and some other
games, an extra card sometimes added to the pack, which takes
precedence of all others as the highest card.

BOWER
Bow"er, n. Etym: [OE. bour, bur, room, dwelling, AS. bur, fr. the
root of AS. buan to dwell; akin to Icel. bur chamber, storehouse, Sw.
bur cage, Dan. buur, OHG. pur room, G. bauer cage, bauer a peasant.
*97] Cf.Boor, Byre.]

1. Anciently, a chamber; a lodging room; esp., a lady's private
apartment.
Give me my lute in bed now as I lie, And lock the doors of mine
unlucky bower. Gascoigne.

2. A rustic cottage or abode; poetically, an attractive abode or
retreat. Shenstone. B. Johnson.

3. A shelter or covered place in a garden, made with boughs of trees
or vines, etc., twined together; an arbor; a shady recess.

BOWER
Bow"er, v. t.

Defn: To embower; to inclose. Shak.

BOWER
Bow"er, v. i.

Defn: To lodge. [Obs.] Spenser.

BOWER
Bow"er, n. Etym: [From Bough, cf. Brancher.] (Falconry)

Defn: A young hawk, when it begins to leave the nest. [Obs.]

BOWER-BARFF PROCESS
Bow"er-Barff" proc`ess . (Metal.)

Defn: A certain process for producing upon articles of iron or steel
an adherent coating of the magnetic oxide of iron (which is not
liable to corrosion by air, moisture, or ordinary acids). This is
accomplished by producing, by oxidation at about 1600º F. in a closed
space, a coating containing more or less of the ferric oxide (Fe2O3)
and the subsequent change of this in a reduced atmosphere to the
magnetic oxide (Fe2O4).

BOWER BIRD
Bow"er bird`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Australian bird (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus or holosericeus),
allied to the starling, which constructs singular bowers or
playhouses of twigs and decorates them with brightcolored objects;
the satin bird.

Note: The name is also applied to other related birds of the same
region, having similar habits; as, the spotted bower bird
(Chalmydodera maculata), and the regent bird (Sericulus melinus).

BOWERY
Bow"er*y, a.

Defn: Shading, like a bower; full of bowers.
A bowery maze that shades the purple streams. Trumbull.

BOWERY
Bow"er*y, n.; pl. Boweries Etym: [D. bouwerij.]

Defn: A farm or plantation with its buildings. [U.S.Hist.]
The emigrants [in New York] were scattered on boweries or
plantations; and seeing the evils of this mode of living widely
apart, they were advised, in 1643 and 1646, by the Dutch authorities,
to gather into "villages, towns, and hamlets, as the English were in
the habit of doing." Bancroft.

BOWERY
Bow"er*y, a.

Defn: Characteristic of the street called the Bowery, in New York
city; swaggering; flashy.

BOWESS
Bow"ess, n. (Falconry)

Defn: Same as Bower. [Obs.]

BOWFIN
Bow"fin`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A voracious ganoid fish (Amia calva) found in the fresh waters
of the United States; the mudfish; -- called also Johnny Grindle, and
dogfish.

BOWGE
Bowge, v. i.

Defn: To swell out. See Bouge. [Obs.]

BOWGE
Bowge, v. t.

Defn: To cause to leak. [Obs.] See Bouge.

BOWGRACE
Bow"grace`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A frame or fender of rope or junk, laid out at the sides or
bows of a vessel to secure it from injury by floating ice.

BOW HAND
Bow" hand`.

1. (Archery)

Defn: The hand that holds the bow, i. e., the left hand.
Surely he shoots wide on the bow hand. Spenser.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The hand that draws the bow, i. e., the right hand.

BOWHEAD
Bow"head`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The great Arctic or Greenland whale. (Balæna mysticetus). See
Baleen, and Whale.

BOWIE KNIFE
Bow"ie knife`.

Defn: A knife with a strong blade from ten to fifteen inches long,
and double-edged near the point; -- used as a hunting knife, and
formerly as a weapon in the southwestern part of the United States.
It was named from its inventor, Colonel James Bowie. Also, by
extension, any large sheath knife.

BOWING
Bow"ing, n. (Mus.)

1. The act or art of managing the bow in playing on stringed
instruments.
Bowing constitutes a principal part of the art of the violinist, the
violist, etc. J. W. Moore.

2. In hatmaking, the act or process of separating and distributing
the fur or hair by means of a bow, to prepare it for felting.

BOWINGLY
Bow"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a bending manner.

BOWKNOT
Bow"knot`, n.

Defn: A knot in which a portion of the string is drawn through in the
form of a loop or bow, so as to be readily untied.

BOWL
Bowl, n. Etym: [OE. bolle, AS. bolla; akin to Icel. bolli, Dan.
bolle, G. bolle, and perh. to E. boil a tumor. Cf. Boll.]

1. A concave vessel of various forms (often approximately
hemisherical), to hold liquids, etc.
Brought them food in bowls of basswood. Longfellow.

2. Specifically, a drinking vessel for wine or other spirituous
liquors; hence, convival drinking.

3. The contents of a full bowl; what a bowl will hold.

4. The bollow part of a thing; as, the bowl of a spoon.

BOWL
Bowl, n. Etym: [F. boule, fr. L. bulla bubble, stud. Cf. Bull an
edict, Bill a writing.]

1. A ball of wood or other material used for rolling on a level
surface in play; a ball of hard wood having one side heavier than the
other, so as to give it a bias when rolled.

2. pl.

Defn: An ancient game, popular in Great Britain, played with biased
balls on a level plat of greensward.
Like an uninstructed bowler, . . . who thinks to attain the jack by
delivering his bowl straightforward upon it. Sir W. Scott.

3. pl.

Defn: The game of tenpins or bowling. [U.S.]

BOWL
Bowl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bowled; p. pr. & vb. n. Bowling.]

1. To roll, as a bowl or cricket ball.
Break all the spokes and fellies from her wheel, And bowl the round
nave down the hill of heaven. Shak.

2. To roll or carry smoothly on, or as on, wheels; as, we were bowled
rapidly along the road.

3. To pelt or strike with anything rolled.
Alas, I had rather be set quick i' the earth, And bowled to death
with turnipsShak.
To bowl (a player) out, in cricket, to put out a striker by knocking
down a bail or a stump in bowling.

BOWL
Bowl, v. i.

1. To play with bowls.

2. To roll a ball on a plane, as at cricket, bowls, etc.

3. To move rapidly, smoothly, and like a ball; as, the carriage
bowled along.

BOWLDER; BOULDER
Bowl"der, Boul"der, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. bullra to roar, rattle, Dan.
buldre, dial. Sw. bullersteen larger kind of pebbles; perh. akin to
E. bellow.]

1. A large stone, worn smooth or rounded by the action of water; a
large pebble.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: A mass of any rock, whether rounded or not, that has been
transported by natural agencies from its native bed. See Drift.
Bowlder clay, the unstratified clay deposit of the Glacial or Drift
epoch, often containing large numbers of bowlders.
 -- Bowlder wall, a wall constructed of large stones or bowlders.

BOWLDERY
Bowl"der*y, a.

Defn: Characterized by bowlders.

BOWLEG
Bow"leg`, n.

Defn: A crooked leg. Jer. Taylor.

BOW-LEGGED
Bow"-legged`, a.

Defn: Having crooked legs, esp. with the knees bent outward. Johnson.

BOWLER
Bowl"er, n.

Defn: One who plays at bowls, or who rolls the ball in cricket or any
other game.

BOWLESS
Bow"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a bow.

BOWLINE
Bow"line, n. Etym: [Cf. D. boelijn, Icel. böglïnabovline; properly
the line attached to the shoulder or side of the sail. See Bow (of a
ship), and Line.] (Naut.)

Defn: A rope fastened near the middle of the leech or perpendicular
edge of the square sails, by subordinate ropes, called bridles, and
used to keep the weather edge of the sail tight forward, when the
ship is closehauled. Bowline bridles, the ropes by which the bowline
is fastened to the leech of the sail.
 -- Bowline knot. See Illust. under Knot.
 -- On a bowline, close-hauled or sailing close to the wind; -- said
of a ship.

BOWLING
Bowl"ing, n.

Defn: The act of playing at or rolling bowls, or of rolling the ball
at cricket; the game of bowls or of tenpins. Bowling alley, a covered
place for playing at bowls or tenpins.
 -- Bowling green, a level piece of greensward or smooth ground for
bowling, as the small park in lower Broadway, New York, where the
Dutch of New Amsterdam played this game.

BOWLS
Bowls, n. pl.

Defn: See Bowl, a ball, a game.

BOWMAN
Bow"man, n.; pl. Bowmen (.

Defn: A man who uses a bow; an archer.
The whole city shall flee for the noise of the horsemen and bowmen.
Jer. iv. 29.
Bowman's root. (Bot.) See Indian physic, under Indian.

BOWMAN
Bow"man, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The man who rows the foremost oar in a boat; the bow oar.

BOWNE
Bowne, v. t. Etym: [See Boun.]

Defn: To make ready; to prepare; to dress. [Obs.]
We will all bowne ourselves for the banquet. Sir W. Scott.

BOW NET
Bow" net`

Defn: .

1. A trap for lobsters, being a wickerwork cylinder with a funnel-
shaped entrance at one end.

2. A net for catching birds. J. H. Walsh.

BOW OAR
Bow" oar`

Defn: .

1. The oar used by the bowman.

2. One who rows at the bow of a boat.

BOW-PEN
Bow"-pen`, n.

Defn: Bow-compasses carrying a drawing pen. See Bow-compass.

BOW-PENCIL
Bow"-pen`cil, n.

Defn: Bow-compasses, one leg of which carries a pencil.

BOW-SAW
Bow"-saw`, n.

Defn: A saw with a thin or narrow blade set in a strong frame.

BOWSE
Bowse, v. i. Etym: [See Booze, and Bouse.]

1. To carouse; to bouse; to booze. De Quincey.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To pull or haul; as, to bowse upon a tack; to bowse away, i.
e., to pull all together.

BOWSE
Bowse, n.

Defn: A carouse; a drinking bout; a booze.

BOWSHOT
Bow"shot`, n.

Defn: The distance traversed by an arrow shot from a bow.

BOWSPRIT
Bow"sprit`, n. Etym: [Bow + sprit; akin to D.boegspriet; boeg bow of
a ship + spriet, E. sprit, also Sw. bogspröt, G. bugspriet.] (Naut.)

Defn: A large boom or spar, which projects over the stem of a ship or
other vessel, to carry sail forward.

BOWSSEN
Bows"sen, v. t.

Defn: To drench; to soak; especially, to immerse (in water believed
to have curative properties). [Obs.]
There were many bowssening places, for curing of mad men. . . . If
there appeared small amendment he was bowssened again and again.
Carew.

BOWSTRING
Bow"string`, n.

1. The string of a bow.

2. A string used by the Turks for strangling offenders. Bowstring
bridge, a bridge formed of an arch of timber or iron, often braced,
the thrust of which is resisted by a tie forming a chord of the arch.
 -- Bowstring girder, an arched beam strengthened by a tie connecting
its two ends.
 -- Bowstring hemp (Bot.), the tenacious fiber of the Sanseviera
Zeylanica, growing in India and Africa, from which bowstrings are
made. Balfour.

BOWSTRING
Bow"string`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bowstringed ( or Bowstrung (; p. pr.
& vb. n. Bowstringing.]

Defn: To strangle with a bowstring.

BOWSTRINGED
Bow"stringed`, p.a.

1. Furnished with bowstring.

2. Put to death with a bowstring; strangled.

BOWTEL
Bow"tel, n.

Defn: See Boultel.

BOWWOW
Bow"wow`, n.

Defn: An onomatopoetic name for a dog or its bark.
 -- a.

Defn: Onomatopoetic; as, the bowwow theory of language; a bowwow
word. [Jocose.]

BOWYER
Bow"yer, n. Etym: [From Bow, like lawyer from law.]

1. An archer; one who uses bow.

2. One who makes or sells bows.

BOX
Box, n. Etym: [As. box, L. buxus, fr. Gr. Box a case.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tree or shrub, flourishing in different parts of the world.
The common box (Buxus sempervirens) has two varieties, one of which,
the dwaft box (B.suffruticosa), is much used for borders in gardens.
The wood of the tree varieties, being very hard and smooth, is
extensively used in the arts, as by turners, engravers, mathematical
instrument makers, etc. Box elder, the ash-leaved maple (Negundo
aceroides), of North America.
 -- Box holly, the butcher's broom (Russus aculeatus).
 -- Box thorn, a shrub (Lycium barbarum).
 -- Box tree, the tree variety of the common box.

BOX
Box, n.; pl. Boxes ( Etym: [As. box a small case or vessel with a
cover; akin to OHG. buhsa box, G. büchse; fr. L. buxus boxwood,
anything made of boxwood. See Pyx, and cf. Box a tree, Bushel.]

1. A receptacle or case of any firm material and of various shapes.

2. The quantity that a box contain.

3. A space with a few seats partitioned off in a theater, or other
place of public amusement.
Laughed at by the pit, box, galleries, nay, stage. Dorset.
The boxes and the pit are sovereign judges. Dryden.

4. A chest or any receptacle for the deposit of money; as, a poor
box; a contribution box.
Yet since his neighbors give, the churl unlocks, Damning the poor,
his tripple-bolted box. J. Warton.

5. A small country house. "A shooting box." Wilson.
Tight boxes neatly sashed. Cowper.

6. A boxlike shed for shelter; as, a sentry box.

7. (Mach)
(a) An axle box, journal box, journal bearing, or bushing.
(b) A chamber or section of tube in which a valve works; the bucket
of a lifting pump.

8. The driver's seat on a carriage or coach.

9. A present in a box; a present; esp. a Christmas box or gift. "A
Christmas box." Dickens.

10. (Baseball)

Defn: The square in which the pitcher stands.

11. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Mediterranean food fish; the bogue.

Note: Box is much used adjectively or in composition; as box lid, box
maker, box circle, etc.; also with modifying substantives; as money
box, letter box, bandbox, hatbox or hat box, snuff box or snuffbox.
Box beam (Arch.), a beam made of metal plates so as to have the form
of a long box.
 -- Box car (Railroads), a freight car covered with a roof and
inclosed on the sides to protect its contents.
 -- Box chronometer, a ship's chronometer, mounted in gimbals, to
preserve its proper position.
 -- Box coat, a thick overcoat for driving; sometimes with a heavy
cape to carry off the rain.
 -- Box coupling, a metal collar uniting the ends of shafts or other
parts in machinery.
 -- Box crab (Zoöl.), a crab of the genus Calappa, which, when at
rest with the legs retracted, resembles a box.
 -- Box drain (Arch.), a drain constructed with upright sides, and
with flat top and bottom.
 -- Box girder (Arch.), a box beam.
 -- Box groove (Metal Working), a closed groove between two rolls,
formed by a collar on one roll fitting between collars on another. R.
W. Raymond.
 -- Box metal, an alloy of copper and tin, or of zinc, lead, and
antimony, for the bearings of journals, etc.
 -- Box plait, a plait that doubles both to the rigth and the left.
 -- Box turtle or Box tortoise (Zoöl.), a land tortoise or turtle of
the genera Cistudo and Emys; -- so named because it can withdraw
entirely within its shell, which can be closed by hinged joints in
the lower shell. Also, humorously, an exceedingly reticent person.
Emerson.
 -- In a box, in a perplexity or an embarrassing position; in
difficulty. (Colloq.) -- In the wrong box, out of one's place; out of
one's element; awkwardly situated. (Colloq.) Ridley (1554)

BOX
Box, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boxed (p. pr. & vb. n. Boxing.]

1. To inclose in a box.

2. To furnish with boxes, as a wheel.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: To inclose with boarding, lathing, etc., so as to bring to a
required form. To box a tree, to make an incision or hole in a tree
for the purpose of procuring the sap.
 -- To box off, to divide into tight compartments.
 -- To box up. (a) To put into a box in order to save; as, he had
boxed up twelve score pounds. (b) To confine; as, to be boxed up in
narrow quarters.

BOX
Box, n. Etym: [Cf.Dan. baske to slap, bask slap, blow. Cf. Pash.]

Defn: A blow on the head or ear with the hand.
A good-humored box on the ear. W. Irving.

BOX
Box, v. i.

Defn: To fight with the fist; to combat with, or as with, the hand or
fist; to spar.

BOX
Box, v. t.

Defn: To strike with the hand or fist, especially to strike on the
ear, or on the side of the head.

BOX
Box, v. t. Etym: [Cf.Sp. boxar, now spelt bojar.]

Defn: To boxhaul. To box off (Naut.), to turn the head of a vessel
either way by bracing the headyards aback.
 -- To box the compass (Naut.), to name the thirty-two points of the
compass in their order.

BOXBERRY
Box"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The wintergreern. (Gaultheria procumbens). [Local, U.S.]

BOXEN
Box"en, a.

Defn: Made of boxwood; pertaining to, or resembling, the box (Buxus).
[R.]
The faded hue of sapless boxen leaves. Dryden.

BOXER
Box"er, n.

Defn: One who packs boxes.

BOXER
Box"er, n.

Defn: One who boxes; a pugilist.

BOXFISH
Box"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The trunkfish.

BOXHAUL
Box"haul`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boxhauled.] (Naut.)

Defn: To put (a vessel) on the other tack by veering her short round
on her heel; -- so called from the circumstance of bracing the head
yards abox (i. e., sharp aback, on the wind). Totten.

BOXHAULING
Box"haul`ing, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A method of going from one tack to another. See Boxhaul.

BOXING
Box"ing, n.

1. The act of inclosing (anything) in a box, as for storage or
transportation.

2. Material used in making boxes or casings.

3. Any boxlike inclosure or recess; a casing.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: The external case of thin material used to bring any member to
a required form.

BOXING
Box"ing, n.

Defn: The act of fighting with the fist; a combat with the fist;
sparring. Blackstone. Boxing glove, a large padded mitten or glove
used in sparring for exercise or amusement.

BOXING DAY
Box"ing day`.

Defn: The first week day after Christmas, a legal holiday on which
Christmas boxes are given to postmen, errand boys, employees, etc.
The night of this day is boxing night. [Eng.]

BOX-IRON
Box"-i`ron, n.

Defn: A hollow smoothing iron containing a heater within.

BOXKEEPER
Box"keep`er, n.

Defn: An attendant at a theater who has charge of the boxes.

BOX KITE
Box kite.

Defn: A kite, invented by Lawrence Hargrave, of Sydney, Australia,
which consist of two light rectangular boxes, or cells open on two
sides, and fastened together horizontally. Called also Hargrave, or
cellular, kite.

BOX TAIL
Box tail. (Aëronautics)

Defn: In a flying machine, a tail or rudder, usually fixed,
resembling a box kite.

BOXTHORN
Box"thorn`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Lycium, esp. Lycium barbarum.

BOXWOOD
Box"wood`, n.

Defn: The wood of the box (Buxus).

BOY
Boy, n. Etym: [Cf. D. boef, Fries. boi, boy; akin to G. bube, Icel.
bofi rouge.]

Defn: A male child, from birth to the age of puberty; a lad; hence, a
son.
My only boy fell by the side of great Dundee. Sir W. Scott.

Note: Boy is often used as a term of comradeship, as in college, or
in the army or navy. In the plural used colloquially of members of an
assosiaton, fraternity, or party. Boy bishop, a boy (usually a
chorister) elected bishop, in old Christian sports, and invested with
robes and other insignia. He practiced a kind of mimicry of the
ceremonies in which the bishop usually officiated. The Old Boy, the
Devil. [Slang] -- Yellow boys, guineas. [Slang, Eng.] -- Boy's love,
a popular English name of Southernwood (Artemisia abrotonum);) --
called also lad's love.
 -- Boy's play, childish amusements; anything trifling.

BOY
Boy, v. t.

Defn: To act as a boy; -- in allusion to the former practice of boys
acting women's parts on the stage.
I shall see Some squeaking Cleopatra boy my greatness. Shak.

BOYAR; BOYARD
Bo*yar", Bo*yard", n. Etym: [Russ. boiárin'.]

Defn: A member of a Russian aristocratic order abolished by Peter the
Great. Also, one of a privileged class in Roumania.

Note: English writers sometimes call Russian landed proprietors
boyars.

BOYAU
Boy"au, n.; pl. Boyaux or Boyaus. Etym: [F. boyau gut, a long and
narrow place, and (of trenches) a branch. See Bowel.] (Fort.)

Defn: A winding or zigzag trench forming a path or communication from
one siegework to another, to a magazine, etc.

BOYCOTT
Boy"cott`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boycotted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Boycotting.] Etym: [From Captain Boycott, a land agent in Mayo,
Ireland, so treated in 1880.]

Defn: To combine against (a landlord, tradesman, employer, or other
person), to withhold social or business relations from him, and to
deter others from holding such relations; to subject to a boycott.

BOYCOTT
Boy"cott, n.

Defn: The process, fact, or pressure of boycotting; a combining to
withhold or prevent dealing or social intercourse with a tradesman,
employer, etc.; social and business interdiction for the purpose of
coercion.

BOYCOTTER
Boy"cott`er, n.

Defn: A participant in boycotting.

BOYCOTTISM
Boy"cott*ism, n.

Defn: Methods of boycotters.

BOYDEKIN
Boy"de*kin, n.

Defn: A dagger; a bodkin. [Obs.]

BOYER
Boy"er, n. Etym: [D. boeijer; -- so called because these vessels were
employed for laying the boeijen, or buoys: cf. F. boyer. See Buoy.]
(Naut.)

Defn: A Flemish sloop with a castle at each end. Sir W. Raleigh.

BOYHOOD
Boy"hood, n. Etym: [Boy + -hood.]

Defn: The state of being a boy; the time during which one is a boy.
Hood.

BOYISH
Boy"ish, a.

Defn: Resembling a boy in a manners or opinions; belonging to a boy;
childish; trifling; puerile.
A boyish, odd conceit. Baillie.

BOYISHLY
Boy"ish*ly, adv.

Defn: In a boyish manner; like a boy.

BOYISHNESS
Boy"ish*ness, n.

Defn: The manners or behavior of a boy.

BOYISM
Boy"ism, n.

1. Boyhood. [Obs.] T. Warton.

2. The nature of a boy; childishness. Dryden.

BOYLE'S LAW
Boyle's" law`.

Defn: See under Law.

BOY SCOUT
Boy scout.

Defn: Orig., a member of the "Boy Scouts," an organization of boys
founded in 1908, by Sir R. S. S. Baden-Powell, to promote good
citizenship by creating in them a spirit of civic duty and of
usefulness to others, by stimulating their interest in wholesome
mental, moral, industrial, and physical activities, etc. Hence, a
member of any of the other similar organizations, which are now
worldwide. In "The Boy Scouts of America" the local councils are
generally under a scout commissioner, under whose supervision are
scout masters, each in charge of a troop of two or more patrols of
eight scouts each, who are of three classes, tenderfoot, second-class
scout, and first-class scout.

BOZA
Bo"za, n. Etym: [See Bosa.]

Defn: An acidulated fermented drink of the Arabs and Egyptians, made
from millet seed and various astringent substances; also, an
intoxicating beverage made from hemp seed, darnel meal, and water.
[Written also bosa, bozah, bouza.]

BRABANTINE
Bra*bant"ine, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Brabant, an ancient province of the Netherlands.

BRABBLE
Brab"ble, v. i. Etym: [D. brabbelen to talk confusedly. Blab,
Babble.]

Defn: To clamor; to contest noisily. [R.]

BRABBLE
Brab"ble, n.

Defn: A broil; a noisy contest; a wrangle.
This petty brabble will undo us all. Shak.

BRABBLEMENT
Brab"ble*ment, n.

Defn: A brabble. [R.] Holland.

BRABBLER
Brab"bler, n.

Defn: A clamorous, quarrelsome, noisy fellow; a wrangler. [R] Shak.

BRACCATE
Brac"cate, a.Etym: [L. bracatus wearing breeches, fr. bracae
breeches.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Furnished with feathers which conceal the feet.

BRACE
Brace, n. Etym: [OF. brace, brasse, the two arms, embrace, fathom, F.
brasse fathom, fr. L. bracchia the arms (stretched out), pl. of
bracchium arm; cf. Gr.

1. That which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly; a bandage
or a prop.

2. A cord, ligament, or rod, for producing or maintaining tension, as
a cord on the side of a drum.
The little bones of the ear drum do in straining and relaxing it as
the braces of the war drum do in that. Derham.

3. The state of being braced or tight; tension.
The laxness of the tympanum, when it has lost its brace or tension.
Holder.

4. (Arch. & Engin.)

Defn: A piece of material used to transmit, or change the direction
of, weight or pressure; any one of the pieces, in a frame or truss,
which divide the structure into triangular parts. It may act as a
tie, or as a strut, and serves to prevent distortion of the
structure, and transverse strains in its members. A boiler brace is a
diagonal stay, connecting the head with the shell.

5. (Print.)

Defn: A vertical curved line connecting two or more words or lines,
which are to be taken together; thus, boll, bowl; or, in music, used
to connect staves.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope reeved through a block at the end of a yard, by which
the yard is moved horizontally; also, a rudder gudgeon.

7. (Mech.)

Defn: A curved instrument or handle of iron or wood, for holding and
turning bits, etc.; a bitstock.

8. A pair; a couple; as, a brace of ducks; now rarely applied to
persons, except familiarly or with some contempt. "A brace of
greyhounds." Shak.
He is said to have shot . . . fifty brace of pheasants. Addison.
A brace of brethren, both bishops, both eminent for learning and
religion, now appeared in the church. Fuller.
But you, my brace of lords. Shak.

9. pl.

Defn: Straps or bands to sustain trousers; suspenders.
I embroidered for you a beautiful pair of braces. Thackeray.

10. Harness; warlike preparation. [Obs.]
For that it stands not in such warlike brace. Shak.

11. Armor for the arm; vantbrace.

12. (Mining)

Defn: The mouth of a shaft. [Cornwall] Angle brace. See under Angle.

BRACE
Brace, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Braced; p. pr. & vb. n. Bracing.]

1. To furnish with braces; to support; to prop; as, to brace a beam
in a building.

2. To draw tight; to tighten; to put in a state of tension; to
strain; to strengthen; as, to brace the nerves.
And welcome war to brace her drums. Campbell.

3. To bind or tie closely; to fasten tightly.
The women of China, by bracing and binding them from their infancy,
have very little feet. Locke.
Some who spurs had first braced on. Sir W. Scott.

4. To place in a position for resisting pressure; to hold firmly; as,
he braced himself against the crowd.
A sturdy lance in his right hand he braced. Fairfax.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: To move around by means of braces; as, to brace the yards. To
brace about (Naut.), to turn (a yard) round for the contrary tack.
 -- To brace a yard (Naut.), to move it horizontally by means of a
brace.
 -- To brace in (Naut.), to turn (a yard) by hauling in the weather
brace.
 -- To brace one's self, to call up one's energies. "He braced
himself for an effort which he was little able to make." J. D.
Forbes. - To brace to (Naut.), to turn (a yard) by checking or easing
off the lee brace, and hauling in the weather one, to assist in
tacking.
 -- To brace up (Naut.), to bring (a yard) nearer the direction of
the keel by hauling in the lee brace.
 -- To brace up sharp (Naut.), to turn (a yard) as far forward as the
rigging will permit.

BRACE
Brace, v. i.

Defn: To get tone or vigor; to rouse one's energies; -with up.
[Colloq.]

BRACELET
Brace"let, n. Etym: [F. bracelet, dim. of OF. bracel armlet, prop.
little arm, dim. of bras arm, fr. L. bracchium. See Brace,n.]

1. An ornamental band or ring, for the wrist or the arm; in modern
times, an ornament encircling the wrist, worn by women or girls.

2. A piece of defensive armor for the arm. Johnson.

BRACER
Bra"cer, n.

1. That which braces, binds, or makes firm; a band or bandage.

2. A covering to protect the arm of the bowman from the vibration of
the string; also, a brassart. Chaucer.

3. A medicine, as an astringent or a tonic, which gives tension or
tone to any part of the body. Johnson.

BRACH
Brach, n. Etym: [OE. brache a kind of scenting hound or setting dog,
OF. brache, braque, fr. OHG. braccho, G. bracke; possibly akin to E.
fragrant, fr. L. fragrare to smell.]

Defn: A bitch of the hound kind. Shak.

BRACHELYTRA
Brach*el"y*tra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. ( (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of beetles having short elytra, as the rove beetles.

BRACHIA
Brach"i*a, n. pl.

Defn: See Brachium.

BRACHIAL
Brach"i*al or (, a. Etym: [L. brachialis (bracch-), from bracchium
(bracch-) arm: cf. F. brachial.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining or belonging to the arm; as, the brachial artery;
the brachial nerve.

2. Of the nature of an arm; resembling an arm.

BRACHIATA
Brach`i*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [See Brachiate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the Crinoidea, including those furnished with
long jointed arms. See Crinoidea.

BRACHIATE
Brach"i*ate, a. Etym: [L. brachiatus (bracch-) with boughs or
branches like arms, from brackium (bracch-) arm.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having branches in pairs, decussated, all nearly horizontal,
and each pair at right angles with the next, as in the maple and
lilac.

BRACHIOGANOID
Brach`i*og"a*noid, n.

Defn: One of the Brachioganoidei.

BRACHIOGANOIDEI
Brach`i*o*ga*noid"e*i, n. pl.Etym: [NL., from L. brachium (bracch-)
arm + NL. ganoidei.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of ganoid fishes of which the bichir of Africa is a
living example. See Crossopterygii.

BRACHIOLARIA
Brach`i*o*la"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. brachiolum (bracch-),
dim. of brachium (bracch-) arm.]

Defn: (Zoöl.) A peculiar early larval stage of certain starfishes,
having a bilateral structure, and swimming by means of bands of
vibrating cilia.

BRACHIOPOD
Brach"i*o*pod, n. Etym: [Cf.F. brachiopode.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Brachiopoda, or its shell.

BRACHIOPODA
Brach`i*op"o*da, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of Molluscoidea having a symmetrical bivalve shell,
often attached by a fleshy peduncle.

Note: Within the shell is a pair of "arms," often long and spirally
coiled, bearing rows of ciliated tentacles by which a current of
water is made to flow into the mantle cavity, bringing the
microscopic food to the mouth between the bases of the arms. The
shell is both opened and closed by special muscles. They form two
orders; Lyopoma, in which the shell is thin, and without a distinct
hinge, as in Lingula; and Arthropoma, in which the firm calcareous
shell has a regular hinge, as in Rhynchonella. See Arthropomata.

BRACHIUM
Brach"i*um, n.; pl. Bracchia (. Etym: [L. brachium or bracchium,
arm.] (Anat.)

Defn: The upper arm; the segment of the fore limb between the
shoulder and the elbow.

BRACHMAN
Brach"man, n. Etym: [L. Brachmanae, pl., Gr.

Defn: See Brahman. [Obs.]

BRACHYCATALECTIC
Brach`y*cat`a*lec"tic, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr.& Last. Pros.)

Defn: A verse wanting two syllables at its termination.

BRACHYCEPHALIC; BRACHYCEPHALOUS
Brach`y*ce*phal"ic, Brach`y*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the skull short in proportion to its breadth;
shortheaded; -- in distinction from dolichocephalic.

BRACHYCEPHALY; BRACHYCEPHALISM
Brach`y*ceph"a*ly, Brach`y*ceph"a*lism, n. Etym: [Cf. F.
Brachycéphalie] . (Anat.)

Defn: The state or condition of being brachycephalic; shortness of
head.

BRACHYCERAL
Bra*chyc"er*al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having short antennæ, as certain insects.

BRACHYDIAGONAL
Brach`y*di*ag"o*nal, a. Etym: [Gr. diagonal.]

Defn: Pertaining to the shorter diagonal, as of a rhombic prism.
Brachydiagonal axis, the shorter lateral axis of an orthorhombic
crystal.

BRACHYDIAGONAL
Brach`y*di*ag"o*nal, n.

Defn: The shorter of the diagonals in a rhombic prism.

BRACHYDOME
Brach`y*dome, n. Etym: [Gr. dome.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A dome parallel to the shorter lateral axis. See Dome.

BRACHYGRAPHER
Bra*chyg"ra*pher, n.

Defn: A writer in short hand; a stenographer.
He asked the brachygrapher whether he wrote the notes of the sermon.
Gayton.

BRACHYGRAPHY
Bra*chyg"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. brachygraphie.]

Defn: Stenograhy. B. Jonson.

BRACHYLOGY
Bra*chyl"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. brachylogie.] (Rhet.)

Defn: Conciseness of expression; brevity.

BRACHYPINACOID
Brach`y*pin"a*coid, n. Etym: [Gr. pinacoid.] (Crytallog.)

Defn: A plane of an orthorhombic crystal which is parallel both to
the vertical axis and to the shorter lateral (brachydiagonal) axis.

BRACHYPTERA
Bra*chyp"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Coleoptera having short wings; the rove beetles.

BRACHYPTERES
Bra*chyp"te*res, n.pl. Etym: [NL. See Brachyptera. ] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of birds, including auks, divers, and penguins.

BRACHYPTEROUS
Bra*chyp"ter*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. brachyptère.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having short wings.

BRACHYSTOCHRONE
Bra*chys"to*chrone, n. Etym: [Incorrect for brachistochrone, fr. Gr.
brachistochrone. ] (Math.)

Defn: A curve, in which a body, starting from a given point, and
descending solely by the force of gravity, will reach another given
point in a shorter time than it could by any other path. This curve
of quickest descent, as it is sometimes called, is, in a vacuum, the
same as the cycloid.

BRACHYTYPOUS
Brach"y*ty`pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Of a short form.

BRACHYURA
Brach`y*u"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of decapod Crustacea, including the common crabs,
characterized by a small and short abdomen, which is bent up beneath
the large cephalo-thorax. [Also spelt Brachyoura.] See Crab, and
Illustration in Appendix.

BRACHYURAL; BRACHYUROUS
Brach`y*u"ral, Brach`y*u"rous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. brachyure.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Brachyura.

BRACHYURAN
Brach`y*u"ran, n.

Defn: One of the Brachyura.

BRACING
Bra"cing, a.

Defn: Imparting strength or tone; strengthening; invigorating; as, a
bracing north wind.

BRACING
Bra"cing, n.

1. The act of strengthening, supporting, or propping, with a brace or
braces; the state of being braced.

2. (Engin.)

Defn: Any system of braces; braces, collectively; as, the bracing of
a truss.

BRACK
Brack, n. Etym: [Cf.D. braak, Dan. bræk, a breaking, Sw. & Isel. brak
a crackling, creaking. Cf. Breach.]

Defn: An opening caused by the parting of any solid body; a crack or
breach; a flaw.
Stain or brack in her sweet reputation. J. Fletcher.

BRACK
Brack, n. Etym: [D. brak, adj., salt; cf. LG. wrak refuse, G. brack.]

Defn: Salt or brackish water. [Obs.] Drayton.

BRACKEN
Brack"en, n. Etym: [OE. braken, AS. bracce. See 2d Brake, n.]

Defn: A brake or fern. Sir W. Scott.

BRACKET
Brack"et, n. Etym: [Cf.OF. braguette codpiece, F. brayette, Sp.
bragueta, also a projecting mold in architecture; dim. fr.L. bracae
breeches; cf. also, OF. bracon beam, prop, support; of unknown
origin. Cf. Breeches.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: An architectural member, plain or ornamental, projecting from a
wall or pier, to support weight falling outside of the same; also, a
decorative feature seeming to discharge such an office.

Note: This is the more general word. See Brace, Cantalever, Console,
Corbel, Strut.

2. (Engin. & Mech.)

Defn: A piece or combination of pieces, usually triangular in general
shape, projecting from, or fastened to, a wall, or other surface, to
support heavy bodies or to strengthen angles.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A shot, crooked timber, resembling a knee, used as a support.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: The cheek or side of an ordnance carriage.

5. (Print.)

Defn: One of two characters [], used to inclose a reference,
explanation, or note, or a part to be excluded from a sentence, to
indicate an interpolation, to rectify a mistake, or to supply an
omission, and for certain other purposes; -- called also crotchet.

6. A gas fixture or lamp holder projecting from the face of a wall,
column, or the like. Bracket light, a gas fixture or a lamp attached
to a wall, column, etc.

BRACKET
Brack"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bracketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bracketing]

Defn: To place within brackets; to connect by brackets; to furnish
with brackets.

BRACKETING
Brack"et*ing, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A series or group of brackets; brackets, collectively.

BRACKISH
Brack"ish, a. Etym: [See Brack salt water.]

Defn: Saltish, or salt in a moderate degree, as water in saline soil.
Springs in deserts found seem sweet, all brackish though they be.
Byron.

BRACKISHNESS
Brack"ish*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being brackish, or somewhat salt.

BRACKY
Brack"y, a.

Defn: Brackish. Drayton.

BRACT
Bract, n. Etym: [See Bractea.] (Bot.)
(a) A leaf, usually smaller than the true leaves of a plant, from the
axil of which a flower stalk arises.
(b) Any modified leaf, or scale, on a flower stalk or at the base of
a flower.

Note: Bracts are often inconspicuous, but sometimes large and showy,
or highly colored, as in many cactaceous plants. The spathes of aroid
plants are conspicuous forms of bracts.

BRACTEA
Brac"te*a, n. Etym: [L., a thin plate of metal or wood, gold foil.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A bract.

BRACTEAL
Brac"te*al, a. Etym: [Cf.F. bractéal.]

Defn: Having the nature or appearance of a bract.

BRACTEATE
Brac"te*ate, a. Etym: [Cf.L. bracteatus covered with gold plate.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having a bract or bracts.

BRACTED
Bract"ed, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with bracts.

BRACTEOLATE
Brac"te*o*late, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with bracteoles or bractlets.

BRACTEOLE
Brac"te*ole, n. Etym: [L. bracteola, dim. of bractea. See Bractea.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Same as Bractlet.

BRACTLESS
Bract"less, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of bracts.

BRACTLET
Bract"let, n. Etym: [Bract + -let] (Bot.)

Defn: A bract on the stalk of a single flower, which is itself on a
main stalk that support several flowers. Gray.

BRAD
Brad, n. Etym: [Cf.OE. brod, Dan. braad prick, sting, brodde ice
spur, frost nail, Sw. brodd frost nail, Icel. broddr any pointed
piece of iron or stell; akin to AS. brord point, spire of grass, and
perh. to E. bristle. See Bristle, n.]

Defn: A thin nail, usually small, with a slight projection at the top
on one side instead of a head; also, a small wire nail, with a flat
circular head; sometimes, a small, tapering, square-bodied finishing
nail, with a countersunk head.

BRAD AWL
Brad" awl`.

Defn: A straight awl with chisel edge, used to make holes for brads,
etc. Weale.

BRADOON
Bra*doon", n.

Defn: Same as Bridoon.

BRAE
Brae, n. Etym: [See Bray a hill.]

Defn: A hillside; a slope; a bank; a hill. [Scot.] Burns.

BRAG
Brag, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bragged; p. pr. & vb. n. Bragging.] Etym:
[OE. braggen to resound, blow, boast (cf. F. braguer to lead a merry
life, flaunt, boast, OF. brague merriment), from Icel. braka to
creak, brak noise, fr. the same root as E. break; properly then, to
make a noise, boast. 95.]

Defn: To talk about one's self, or things pertaining to one's self,
in a manner intended to excite admiration, envy, or wonder; to talk
boastfully; to boast; -- often followed by of; as, to brag of one's
exploits, courage, or money, or of the great things one intends to
do.
Conceit, more rich in matter than in words, Brags of his substance,
not of ornament. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To swagger; boast; vapor; bluster; vaunt; flourish; talk big.

BRAG
Brag, v. t.

Defn: To boast of. [Obs.] Shak.

BRAG
Brag, n.

1. A boast or boasting; bragging; ostentatious pretense or self
glorification.
Cæsar . . . made not here his brag Of "came," and "saw," and
"overcame." Shak.

2. The thing which is boasted of.
Beauty is Nature's brag. Milton.

3. A game at cards similar to bluff. Chesterfield.

BRAG
Brag, a. Etym: [See Brag, v. i.]

Defn: Brisk; full of spirits; boasting; pretentious; conceited.
[Arhaic]
A brag young fellow. B. Jonson.

BRAG
Brag, adv.

Defn: Proudly; boastfully. [Obs.] Fuller.

BRAGGADOCIO
Brag`ga*do"cio, n. Etym: [From Braggadocchio, a boastful character in
Spenser's "Faërie Queene."]

1. A braggart; a boaster; a swaggerer. Dryden.

2. Empty boasting; mere brag; pretension.

BRAGGARDISM
Brag"gard*ism, n. Etym: [See Braggart.]

Defn: Boastfulness; act of bragging. Shak.

BRAGGART
Brag"gart, n. Etym: [OF. bragard flaunting, vain, bragging. See Brag,
v. i.]

Defn: A boaster.
O, I could play the woman with mine eyes, And braggart with my
tongue. Shak.

BRAGGART
Brag"gart, a.

Defn: Boastful.
 -- Brag"gart*ly, adv.

BRAGGER
Brag"ger, n.

Defn: One who brags; a boaster.

BRAGGET
Brag"get, n. Etym: [OE. braket, bragot, fr. W. bragawd, bragod, fr.
brag malt.]

Defn: A liquor made of ale and honey fermented, with spices, etc.
[Obs.] B. Jonson.

BRAGGINGLY
Brag"ging`ly, adv.

Defn: Boastingly.

BRAGLESS
Brag"less, a.

Defn: Without bragging. [R.] Shak.

BRAGLY
Brag"ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner to be bragged of; finely; proudly. [Obs.] Spenser.

BRAHMA
Brah"ma, n. Etym: [See Brahman.]

1. (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: The One First Cause; also, one of the triad of Hindoo gods. The
triad consists of Brahma, the Creator, Vishnu, the Preserver, and
Siva, the Destroyer.

Note: According to the Hindoo religious books, Brahma (with the final
a short), or Brahm, is the Divine Essence, the One First Cause, the
All in All, while the personal gods, Brahmá (with the final a long),
Vishnu, and Siva, are emanations or manifestations of Brahma the
Divine Essence.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A valuable variety of large, domestic fowl, peculiar in having
the comb divided lengthwise into three parts, and the legs well
feathered. There are two breeds, the dark or penciled, and the light;
-- called also Brahmapootra.

BRAHMAN; BRAHMIN
Brah"man, Brah"min, n.; pl. Brahmans, Brahmins. Etym: [Skr. Brahmana
(cf. Brahman worship, holiness; the God Brahma, also Brahman): cf. F.
Brahmane, Brachmane, Bramine, L. Brachmanae, -manes, -mani, pl., Gr.

Defn: A person of the highest or sacerdotal caste among the Hindoos.
Brahman bull (Zoöl.), the male of a variety of the zebu, or Indian
ox, considered sacred by the Hindoos.

BRAHMANESS
Brah"man*ess, n.

Defn: A Brahmani.

BRAHMANI
Brah"man*i, n. Etym: [Fem. of Brahman.]

Defn: Any Brahman woman. [Written also Brahmanee.]

BRAHMANIC; BRAHMANICAL; BRAHMAN-ICAL; BRAHMINIC; BRAHMINICAL;
BRAHMIN-ICAL
Brah*man"ic, -ic*al , Brah*min"ic (, *ic*al (, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Brahmans or to their doctrines and
worship.

BRAHMANISM; BRAHMINISM
Brah"man*ism, Brah"min*ism, n.

Defn: The religion or system of doctrines of the Brahmans; the
religion of Brahma.

BRAHMANIST; BRAHMINIST
Brah"man*ist, Brah"min*ist, n.

Defn: An adherent of the religion of the Brahmans.

BRAHMOISM
Brah"mo*ism, n.

Defn: The religious system of Brahmo-somaj. Balfour.

BRAHMO-SOMAJ
Brah`mo-so*maj", n. Etym: [Bengalese, a wor

Defn: A modern reforming theistic sect among the Hindos. [Written
also Brahma-samaj.]

BRAID
Braid, v. t. [imp. &. p. p. Braided; p. pr. & vb. n. Braiding.] Etym:
[OE. braiden, breiden, to pull, reach, braid, AS. bregdan to move to
and fro, to weave; akin. to Icel. breg, D. breiden to knit, OS.
bregdan to weave, OHG. brettan to brandish. Cf. Broid.]

1. To weave, interlace, or entwine together, as three or more strands
or threads; to form into a braid; to plait.
Braid your locks with rosy twine. Milton.

2. To mingle, or to bring to a uniformly soft consistence, by
beating, rubbing, or straining, as in some culinary operations.

3. To reproach. [Obs.] See Upbraid. Shak.

BRAID
Braid, n.

1. A plait, band, or narrow fabric formed by intertwining or weaving
together different strands.
A braid of hair composed of two different colors twined together.
Scott.

2. A narrow fabric, as of wool, silk, or linen, used for binding,
trimming, or ornamenting dresses, etc.

BRAID
Braid, n. Etym: [Cf.Icel. breg to move quickly.]

1. A quick motion; a start. [Obs.] Sackville.

2. A fancy; freak; caprice. [Obs.] R. Hyrde.

BRAID
Braid v. i.

Defn: To start; to awake. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BRAID
Braid, a. Etym: [AS. bræd, bred, deceit; akin to Icel. brag trick,
AS. bredan, bregdan, to braid, knit, (hence) to knit a net, to draw
into a net, i.e., to deceive. See Braid, v. t.]

Defn: Deceitful. [Obs.]
Since Frenchmen are so braid, Marry that will, I live and die a maid.
Shak.

BRAIDING
Braid"ing, n.

1. The act of making or using braids.

2. Braids, collectively; trimming.
A gentleman enveloped in mustachios, whiskers, fur collars, and
braiding. Thackeray.

BRAIL
Brail, n. Etym: [OE. brayle furling rope, OF. braiol a band placed
around the breeches, fr.F. braies, pl., breeches, fr.L. braca,
bracae, breeches, a Gallic word; cf. Arm. bragez. Cf. Breeches.]

1. (Falconry)

Defn: A thong of soft leather to bind up a hawk's wing.

2. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: Ropes passing through pulleys, and used to haul in or up the
leeches, bottoms, or corners of sails, preparatory to furling.

3. A stock at each end of a seine to keep it stretched.

BRAIL
Brail, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To haul up by the brails; -- used with up; as, to brail up a
sail.

BRAILLE
Braille, n.

Defn: A system of printing or writing for the blind in which the
characters are represented by tangible points or dots. It was
invented by Louis Braille, a French teacher of the blind.

BRAIN
Brain, n. Etym: [OE. brain, brein, AS. bragen, brægen; akin to LG.
brägen, bregen, D. brein, and perh. to Gr. 95.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The whitish mass of soft matter (the center of the nervous
system, and the seat of consciousness and volition) which is inclosed
in the cartilaginous or bony cranium of vertebrate animals. It is
simply the anterior termination of the spinal cord, and is developed
from three embryonic vesicles, whose cavities are connected with the
central canal of the cord; the cavities of the vesicles become the
central cavities, or ventricles, and the walls thicken unequally and
become the three segments, the fore-, mid-, and hind-brain.

Note: In the brain of man the cerebral lobes, or largest part of the
forebrain, are enormously developed so as to overhang the cerebellum,
the great lobe of the hindbrain, and completely cover the lobes of
the midbrain. The surface of the cerebrum is divided into irregular
ridges, or convolutions, separated by grooves (the so-called fissures
and sulci), and the two hemispheres are connected at the bottom of
the longitudinal fissure by a great transverse band of nervous
matter, the corpus callosum, while the two halves of the cerebellum
are connected on the under side of the brain by the bridge, or pons
Varolii.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The anterior or cephalic ganglion in insects and other
invertebrates.

3. The organ or seat of intellect; hence, the understanding. " My
brain is too dull." Sir W. Scott.

Note: In this sense, often used in the plural.

4. The affections; fancy; imagination. [R.] Shak. To have on the
brain, to have constantly in one's thoughts, as a sort of monomania.
[Low] Brain box or case, the bony on cartilaginous case inclosing the
brain.
 -- Brain coral, Brain stone coral (Zoöl), a massive reef-building
coral having the surface covered by ridges separated by furrows so as
to resemble somewhat the surface of the brain, esp. such corals of
the genera Mæandrina and Diploria.
 -- Brain fag (Med.), brain weariness. See Cerebropathy.
 -- Brain fever (Med.), fever in which the brain is specially
affected; any acute cerebral affection attended by fever.
 -- Brain sand, calcareous matter found in the pineal gland.

BRAIN
Brain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brained; p. pr. & vb. n. Braining.]

1. To dash out the brains of; to kill by beating out the brains.
Hence, Fig.: To destroy; to put an end to; to defeat.
There thou mayst brain him. Shak.
It was the swift celerity of the death . . . That brained my purpose.
Shak.

2. To conceive; to understand. [Obs.]
brain not. Shak.

BRAINED
Brained, p.a.

Defn: Supplied with brains.
If th' other two be brained like us. Shak.

BRAINISH
Brain"ish, a.

Defn: Hot-headed; furious. [R.] Shak.

BRAINLESS
Brain"less, a.

Defn: Without understanding; silly; thougthless; witless.
 -- Brain"less*ness, n.

BRAINPAN
Brain"pan`, n. Etym: [Brain + pan.]

Defn: The bones which inclose the brain; the skull; the cranium.

BRAINSICK
Brain"sick`, a.

Defn: Disordered in the understanding; giddy; thoughtless.
 -- Brain"sick*ness, n.

BRAINSICKLY
Brain"sick`ly, adv.

Defn: In a brainsick manner.

BRAINY
Brain"y, a.

Defn: Having an active or vigorous mind. [Colloq.]

BRAISE; BRAIZE
Braise, Braize, n. Etym: [So called from its iridescent colors.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A European marine fish (Pagrus vulgaris) allied to the American
scup; the becker. The name is sometimes applied to the related
species. [Also written brazier.]

BRAISE; BRAIZE
Braise, Braize, n. Etym: [F.]

1. Charcoal powder; breeze.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: Braised meat.

BRAISE
Braise, v. t. Etym: [F. braiser, fr. braise coals.] (Cookery)

Defn: To stew or broil in a covered kettle or pan.
A braising kettle has a deep cover which holds coals; consequently
the cooking is done from above, as well as below. Mrs. Henderson.

BRAISER
Brais"er, n.

Defn: A kettle or pan for braising.

BRAIT
Brait, n. Etym: [Cf.W. braith variegated, Ir. breath, breagh, fine,
comely.]

Defn: A rough diamond.

BRAIZE
Braize, n.

Defn: See Braise.

BRAKE
Brake, imp.

Defn: of Break. [Arhaic] Tennyson.

BRAKE
Brake, n. Etym: [OE. brake fern; cf. AS. bracce fern, LG. brake
willow bush, Da. bregne fern, G. brach fallow; prob. orig. the growth
on rough, broken ground, fr. the root of E. break. See Break, v. t.,
cf. Bracken, and 2d Brake, n.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A fern of the genus Pteris, esp. the P. aquilina, common in
almost all countries. It has solitary stems dividing into three
principal branches. Less properly: Any fern.

2. A thicket; a place overgrown with shrubs and brambles, with
undergrowth and ferns, or with canes.
Rounds rising hillocks, brakes obscure and rough, To shelter thee
from tempest and from rain. Shak.
He stayed not for brake, and he stopped not for stone. Sir W. Scott.
Cane brake, a thicket of canes. See Canebrake.

BRAKE
Brake, n. Etym: [OE. brake; cf. LG. brake an instrument for breaking
flax, G. breche, fr. the root of E. break. See Break, v. t., and cf.
Breach.]

1. An instrument or machine to break or bruise the woody part of flax
or hemp so that it may be separated from the fiber.

2. An extended handle by means of which a number of men can unite in
working a pump, as in a fire engine.

3. A baker's kneading though. Johnson.

4. A sharp bit or snaffle.
Pampered jades . . . which need nor break nor bit. Gascoigne.

5. A frame for confining a refractory horse while the smith is
shoeing him; also, an inclosure to restrain cattle, horses, etc.
A horse . . . which Philip had bought . . . and because of his
fierceness kept him within a brake of iron bars. J. Brende.

6. That part of a carriage, as of a movable battery, or engine, which
enables it to turn.

7. (Mil.)

Defn: An ancient engine of war analogous to the crossbow and
ballista.

8. (Agric.)

Defn: A large, heavy harrow for breaking clods after plowing; a drag.

9. A piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction,
as of a carriage or railway car, by the pressure of rubbers against
the wheels, or of clogs or ratchets against the track or roadway, or
of a pivoted lever against a wheel or drum in a machine.

10. (Engin.)

Defn: An apparatus for testing the power of a steam engine, or other
motor, by weighing the amount of friction that the motor will
overcome; a friction brake.

11. A cart or carriage without a body, used in breaking in horses.

12. An ancient instrument of torture. Holinshed. Air brake. See Air
brake, in the Vocabulary.
 -- Brake beam or Brake bar, the beam that connects the brake blocks
of opposite wheels.
 -- Brake block. (a) The part of a brake holding the brake shoe. (b)
A brake shoe.
 -- Brake shoe or Brake rubber, the part of a brake against which the
wheel rubs.
 -- Brake wheel, a wheel on the platform or top of a car by which
brakes are operated.
 -- Continuous brake . See under Continuous.

BRAKEMAN
Brake"man, n.; pl. Brakemen (.

1. (Railroads)

Defn: A man in charge of a brake or brakes.

2. (Mining)

Defn: The man in charge of the winding (or hoisting) engine for a
mine.

BRAKY
Brak"y, a.

Defn: Full of brakes; abounding with brambles, shrubs, or ferns;
rough; thorny.
In the woods and braky glens. W. Browne.

BRAMA
Bra"ma, n.

Defn: See Brahma.

BRAMAH PRESS
Bra"mah press`.

Defn: A hydrostatic press of immense power, invented by Joseph Bramah
of London. See under Hydrostatic.

BRAMBLE
Bram"ble, n. Etym: [OE. brembil, AS.brbramal), fr. the same root as
E. broom, As. br. See Broom.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Rubus, including the raspberry and
blackberry. Hence: Any rough, prickly shrub.
The thorny brambles, and embracing bushes. Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The brambling or bramble finch.

BRAMBLE BUSH
Bram"ble bush`. (Bot.)

Defn: The bramble, or a collection of brambles growing together.
He jumped into a bramble bush And scratched out both his eyes. Mother
Goose.

BRAMBLED
Bram"bled, a.

Defn: Overgrown with brambles.
Forlorn she sits upon the brambled floor. T. Warton.

BRAMBLE NET
Bram"ble net`.

Defn: A net to catch birds.

BRAMBLING
Bram"bling, n. Etym: [OE. bramline. See Bramble, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European mountain finch (Fringilla montifringilla); --
called also bramble finch and bramble.

BRAMBLY
Bram"bly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, resembling, or full of, brambles. "In brambly
wildernesses." Tennyson.

BRAME
Brame, n. Etym: [Cf. Breme.]

Defn: Sharp passion; vexation. [Obs.]
Heart-burning brame. Spenser.

BRAMIN; BRAMINIC
Bra"min, Bra*min"ic

Defn: , etc. See Brahman, Brachmanic, etc.

BRAN
Bran, n. Etym: [OE. bren, bran, OF. bren, F. bran, from Celtic; cf.
Armor. brenn, Ir. bran, bran, chaff.]

1. The broken coat of the seed of wheat, rye, or other cereal grain,
separated from the flour or meal by sifting or bolting; the coarse,
chaffy part of ground grain.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European carrion crow.

BRANCARD
Bran"card, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A litter on which a person may be carried. [Obs.] Coigrave.

BRANCH
Branch, n.; pl. Branches (. Etym: [OE. braunche, F. branche, fr. LL.
branca claw of a bird or beast of prey; cf. Armor. brank branch,
bough.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A shoot or secondary stem growing from the main stem, or from a
principal limb or bough of a tree or other plant.

2. Any division extending like a branch; any arm or part connected
with the main body of thing; ramification; as, the branch of an
antler; the branch of a chandelier; a branch of a river; a branch of
a railway.
Most of the branches , or streams, were dried up. W. Irving.

3. Any member or part of a body or system; a distinct article; a
section or subdivision; a department. "Branches of knowledge."
Prescott.
It is a branch and parcel of mine oath. Shak.

4. (Geom.)

Defn: One of the portions of a curve that extends outwards to an
indefinitely great distance; as, the branches of an hyperbola.

5. A line of family descent, in distinction from some other line or
lines from the same stock; any descendant in such a line; as, the
English branch of a family.
His father, a younger branch of the ancient stock. Carew.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: A warrant or commission given to a pilot, authorizing him to
pilot vessels in certain waters. Branches of a bridle, two pieces of
bent iron, which bear the bit, the cross chains, and the curb.
 -- Branch herring. See Alewife.
 -- Root and branch , totally, wholly.

Syn.
 -- Bough; limb; shoot; offshoot; twig; sprig.

BRANCH
Branch, a.

Defn: Diverging from, or tributary to, a main stock, line, way,
theme, etc.; as, a branch vein; a branch road or line; a branch
topic; a branch store.

BRANCH
Branch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Branched; p. pr. & vb. n. Branching.]

1. To shoot or spread in branches; to separate into branches; to
ramify.

2. To divide into separate parts or subdivision. To branch off, to
form a branch or a separate part; to diverge.
 -- To branch out, to speak diffusively; to extend one's discourse to
other topics than the main one; also, to enlarge the scope of one's
business, etc.
To branch out into a long disputation. Spectator.

BRANCH
Branch, v. t.

1. To divide as into branches; to make subordinate division in.

2. To adorn with needlework representing branches, flowers, or twigs.
The train whereof loose far behind her strayed, Branched with gold
and pearl, most richly wrought. Spenser.

BRANCHER
Branch"er, n.

1. That which shoots forth branches; one who shows growth in various
directions.

2. (Falconry)

Defn: A young hawk when it begins to leave the nest and take to the
branches.

BRANCHERY
Branch"er*y, n.

Defn: A system of branches.

BRANCHIA
Bran"chi*a, n.; pl. Branchiæ. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A gill; a respiratory organ for breathing the air contained in
water, such as many aquatic and semiaquatic animals have.

BRANCHIAL
Bran"chi*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to branchiæ or gills. Branchial arches, the
bony or cartilaginous arches which support the gills on each side of
the throat of fishes and amphibians. See Illustration in Appendix.
 -- Branchial clefts, the openings between the branchial arches
through which water passes.

BRANCHIATE
Bran"chi*ate, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Furnished with branchiæ; as, branchiate segments.

BRANCHIFEROUS
Bran*chif"er*ous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Having gills; branchiate; as, branchiferous gastropods.

BRANCHINESS
Branch"i*ness, n.

Defn: Fullness of branches.

BRANCHING
Branch"ing, a.

Defn: Furnished with branches; shooting our branches; extending in a
branch or branches.
Shaded with branching palm. Milton.

BRANCHING
Branch"ing, n.

Defn: The act or state of separation into branches; division into
branches; a division or branch.
The sciences, with their numerous branchings. L. Watts.

BRANCHIOGASTROPODA
Bran`chi*o*gas*trop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. gastropoda.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Those Gastropoda that breathe by branchiæ, including the
Prosobranchiata and Opisthobranchiata.

BRANCHIOMERISM
Bran`chi*om"er*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. -mere.] (Anat.)

Defn: The state of being made up of branchiate segments. R.
Wiedersheim.

BRANCHIOPOD
Bran"chi*o*pod, n.

Defn: One of the Branchiopoda.

BRANCHIOPODA
Bran"chi*o*poda, n. pl. Etym: [Gr. -poda: cf. F. branchiopode.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Entomostraca; -- so named from the feet of
branchiopods having been supposed to perform the function of gills.
It includes the fresh-water genera Branchipus, Apus, and Limnadia,
and the genus Artemia found in salt lakes. It is also called
Phyllopoda. See Phyllopoda, Cladocera. It is sometimes used in a
broader sense.

BRANCHIOSTEGAL
Bran`chi*os"te*gal, a. Etym: [Gr. branchiostège.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the membrane covering the gills of fishes.
 -- n. (Anat.)

Defn: A branchiostegal ray. See Illustration of Branchial arches in
Appendix.

Note: This term was formerly applied to a group of fishes having
boneless branchiæ. But the arrangement was artificial, and has been
rejected.

BRANCHIOSTEGE
Bran`chi*os"tege, (Anat.)

Defn: The branchiostegal membrane. See Illustration in Appendix.

BRANCHIOSTEGOUS
Bran`chi*os"te*gous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Branchiostegal.

BRANCHIOSTOMA
Bran`chi*os"to*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr., Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lancelet. See Amphioxus.

BRANCHIURA
Bran"chi*u"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr., Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Entomostraca, with suctorial mouths, including
species parasitic on fishes, as the carp lice (Argulus).

BRANCHLESS
Branch"less, a.

Defn: Destitude of branches or shoots; without any valuable product;
barren; naked.

BRANCHLET
Branch"let, n. Etym: [Branch + -let.]

Defn: A little branch; a twig.

BRANCH PILOT
Branch" pi`lot.

Defn: A pilot who has a branch or commission, as from Trinity House,
England, for special navigation.

BRANCHY
Branch"y, a.

Defn: Full of branches; having wide-spreading branches; consisting of
branches.
Beneath thy branchy bowers of thickest gloom. J. Scott.

BRAND
Brand, n. Etym: [OE. brand, brond, AS. brand brond brand, sword, from
byrnan, beornan, to burn; akin to D., Dan., Sw., & G. brand brand,
Icel. brandr a brand, blade of a sword. sq. root32. See Burn, v. t.,
and cf. Brandish.]

1. A burning piece of wood; or a stick or piece of wood partly burnt,
whether burning or after the fire is extinct.
Snatching a live brand from a wigwam, Mason threw it on a matted
roof. Palfrey.

2. A sword, so called from its glittering or flashing brightness.
[Poetic] Tennyson.
Paradise, so late their happy seat, Waved over by that flaming brand.
Milton.

3. A mark made by burning with a hot iron, as upon a cask, to
designate the quality, manufacturer, etc., of the contents, or upon
an animal, to designate ownership; -- also, a mark for a similar
purpose made in any other way, as with a stencil. Hence, figurately:
Quality; kind; grade; as, a good brand of flour.

4. A mark put upon criminals with a hot iron. Hence: Any mark of
infamy or vice; a stigma.
The brand of private vice. Channing.

5. An instrument to brand with; a branding iron.

6. (Bot.)

Defn: Any minute fungus which produces a burnt appearance in plants.
The brands are of many species and several genera of the order
Pucciniæi.

BRAND
Brand, v.t [imp. & p. p. Branded; p. pr. & vb. n. Branding.].

1. To burn a distinctive mark into or upon with a hot iron, to
indicate quality, ownership, etc., or to mark as infamous (as a
convict).

2. To put an actual distinctive mark upon in any other way, as with a
stencil, to show quality of contents, name of manufacture, etc.

3. Fig.: To fix a mark of infamy, or a stigma, upon.
The Inquisition branded its victims with infamy. Prescott.
There were the enormities, branded and condemned by the first and
most natural verdict of common humanity. South.

4. To mark or impress indelibly, as with a hot iron.
As if it were branded on my mind. Geo. Eliot.
Brand"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, brands; a branding iron.

2. A gridiron. [Scot.]

BRANDENBURG
Bran"den*burg, n. [So named after Brandenburg, a province and a town
of Prussia.]

Defn: A kind of decoration for the breast of a coat, sometimes only a
frog with a loop, but in some military uniforms enlarged into a broad
horizontal stripe.

He wore a coat . . . trimmed with Brandenburgs.
Smollett.

BRANDER
Brand"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, brands; a branding iron.

2. A gridiron. [Scot.]

BRAND GOOSE
Brand" goose`. Etym: [Prob. fr. 1st brand + goose: cf. Sw. brandgås.
Cf. Brant.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of wild goose (Branta bernicla) usually called in
America brant. See Brant.

BRANDIED
Bran"died, a.

Defn: Mingled with brandy; made stronger by the addition of brandy;
flavored or treated with brandy; as, brandied peaches.

BRANDING IRON
Brand"ing i`*ron.

Defn: An iron to brand with.

BRAND IRON
Brand" i`ron.

1. A branding iron.

2. A trivet to set a pot on. Huloet.

3. The horizontal bar of an andiron.

BRANDISH
Bran"dish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brandished; p. pr. & vb. n.
Brandishing.] Etym: [OE. braundisen, F. brandir, fr. brand a sword,
fr. OHG. brant brand. See Brand, n.]

1. To move or wave, as a weapon; to raise and move in various
directions; to shake or flourish.
The quivering lance which he brandished bright. Drake.

2. To play with; to flourish; as, to brandish syllogisms.

BRANDISH
Bran"dish, n.

Defn: A flourish, as with a weapon, whip, etc. "Brandishes of the
fan." Tailer.

BRANDISHER
Bran"dish*er, n.

Defn: One who brandishes.

BRANDLE
Bran"dle, v. t. & i. Etym: [F. brandiller.]

Defn: To shake; to totter. [Obs.]

BRANDLING; BRANDLIN
Brand"ling, Brand"lin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Branlin, fish and worm.

BRAND-NEW
Brand"-new", a. Etym: [See Brand, and cf. Brannew.]

Defn: Quite new; bright as if fresh from the forge.

BRAND SPORE
Brand" spore`. (Bot.)

Defn: One of several spores growing in a series or chain, and
produced by one of the fungi called brand.

BRANDY
Bran"dy, n.; pl. Brandies. Etym: [From older brandywine, brandwine,
fr. D. brandewijn, fr. p. p. of branden to burn, distill + wijn wine,
akin to G. branntwein. See Brand.]

Defn: A strong alcoholic liquor distilled from wine. The name is also
given to spirit distilled from other liquors, and in the United
States to that distilled from cider and peaches. In northern Europe,
it is also applied to a spirit obtained from grain. Brandy fruit,
fruit preserved in brandy and sugar.

BRANDYWINE
Bran"dy*wine`, n.

Defn: Brandy. [Obs.] Wiseman.

BRANGLE
Bran"gle, n. Etym: [Prov. E. brangled confused, entangled, Scot.
brangle to shake, menace; probably a variant of wrangle, confused
with brawl.]

Defn: A wrangle; a squabble; a noisy contest or dispute. [R.]
A brangle between him and his neighbor. Swift.

BRANGLE
Bran"gle, v.i [imp. & p. p. Brangled; p. pr. & vb. n. Brangling.]

Defn: To wrangle; to dispute contentiously; to squabble. [R.]

BRANGLEMENT
Bran"gle*ment, n.

Defn: Wrangle; brangle. [Obs.]

BRANGLER
Bran"gler, n.

Defn: A quarrelsome person.

BRANGLING
Bran"gling, n.

Defn: A quarrel. [R.] Whitlock.

BRANK
Brank, n. Etym: [Prov. of Celtic origin; cf. L. brance, brace, the
Gallic name of a particularly white kind of corn.]

Defn: Buckwheat. [Local, Eng.] Halliwell.

BRANK; BRANKS
Brank, Branks, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. brangus, brangas, a sort of
pillory, Ir. brancas halter, or D. pranger fetter.]

1. A sort of bridle with wooden side pieces. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Jamieson.

2. A scolding bridle, an instrument formerly used for correcting
scolding women. It was an iron frame surrounding the head and having
a triangular piece entering the mouth of the scold.

BRANK
Brank, v. i.

1. To hold up and toss the head; -- applied to horses as spurning the
bit. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

2. To prance; to caper. [Scot.] Jamieson.

BRANKURSINE
Brank"ur*sine, n. Etym: [F. branc-ursine, branch-ursine, fr. LL.
branca claw + L. ursinus belonging to a bear (fr. ursus bear), i .e.,
bear's claw, because its leaves resemble the claws of a bear. Cf.
Branch.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bear's-breech, or Acanthus.

BRANLIN
Bran"lin, n. Etym: [Scot. branlie fr. brand.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young salmon or parr, in the stage in which it has transverse
black bands, as if burned by a gridiron.

BRANLIN
Bran"lin, n. Etym: [See Brand.]

Defn: A small red worm or larva, used as bait for small fresh-water
fish; -- so called from its red color.

BRAN-NEW
Bran"-new", a.

Defn: See Brand-new.

BRANNY
Bran"ny, a.

Defn: Having the appearance of bran; consisting of or containing
bran. Wiseman.

BRANSLE
Bran"sle, n. Etym: [See Brawl a dance.]

Defn: A brawl or dance. [Obs.] Spenser.

BRANT
Brant, n. Etym: [Cf.Brand goose, Brent, Brenicle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of wild goose (Branta bernicla) -- called also brent
and brand goose. The name is also applied to other related species.

BRANT
Brant, a. Etym: [See Brent.]

Defn: Steep. [Prov. Eng.]

BRANTAIL
Bran"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European redstart; -- so called from the red color of its
tail.

BRANT-FOX
Brant"-fox`, n. Etym: [For brand-fox; cf. G. brandfuchs, Sw. bradräf.
So called from its yellowish brown and somewhat black color. See
Brand.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of fox found in Sweden (Vulpes alopex), smaller than the
common fox (V. vulgaris), but probably a variety of it.

BRANULAR
Bran"u*lar, a.

Defn: Relating to the brain; cerebral. I. Taylor.

BRASEN
Bra"sen, a.

Defn: Same as Brazen.

BRASH
Brash, a. Etym: [Cf. Gael. bras or G. barsch harsh, sharp, tart,
impetuous, D. barsch, Sw. & Dan. barsk.]

Defn: Hasty in temper; impetuous. Grose.

BRASH
Brash, a. Etym: [Cf. Amer. bresk, brusk, fragile, brittle.]

Defn: Brittle, as wood or vegetables. [Colloq., U. S.] Bartlett.

BRASH
Brash, n. Etym: [See Brash brittle.]

1. A rash or eruption; a sudden or transient fit of sickness.

2. Refuse boughs of trees; also, the clippings of hedges. [Prov.
Eng.] Wright.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: Broken and angular fragments of rocks underlying alluvial
deposits. Lyell.

4. Broken fragments of ice. Kane. Water brash (Med.), an affection
characterized by a spasmodic pain or hot sensation in the stomach
with a rising of watery liquid into the mouth; pyrosis.
 -- Weaning brash (Med.), a severe form of diarrhea which sometimes
attacks children just weaned.

BRASHY
Brash"y, a.

1. Resembling, or of the nature of, brash, or broken fragments;
broken; crumbly.

Our progress was not at all impeded by the few soft, brashy floes
that we encountered.
F. T. Bullen.

2.  Showery; characterized by brashes, or showers.

BRASIER; BRAZIER
Bra"sier, Bra"zier, n. Etym: [OE. brasiere, F. braise live coals. See
Brass.]

Defn: An artificer who works in brass. Franklin.

BRASIER; BRAZIER
Bra"sier, Bra"zier, n. Etym: [F. brasier, braisíer, fr. braise live
coals. See Brass.]

Defn: A pan for holding burning coals.

BRASILIN; BRASILEIN
Bras"i*lin, Bras"i*lein, n. [Cf. F. brésiline. See 2d Brazil.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A substance, C16H14O5, extracted from brazilwood as a yellow
crystalline powder which is white when pure. It is colored intensely
red by alkalies on exposure to the air, being oxidized to
bra*sil"e*in, C16H12O5, to which brazilwood owes its dyeing
properties.

BRASQUE
Brasque, n. [F.] (Metal.)

Defn: A paste made by mixing powdered charcoal, coal, or coke with
clay, molasses, tar, or other suitable substance. It is used for
lining hearths, crucibles, etc. Called also steep.

BRASS
Brass, n.; pl. Brasses. Etym: [OE. bras, bres, AS. bræs; akin to
Icel. bras cement, solder, brasa to harden by fire, and to E. braze,
brazen. Cf. 1st & 2d Braze.]

1. An alloy (usually yellow) of copper and zinc, in variable
proportion, but often containing two parts of copper to one part of
zinc. It sometimes contains tin, and rarely other metals.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A journal bearing, so called because frequently made of brass.
A brass is often lined with a softer metal, when the latter is
generally called a white metal lining. See Axle box, Journal Box, and
Bearing.

3. Coin made of copper, brass, or bronze. [Obs.]
Provide neither gold, nor silver, nor brass in your purses, nor scrip
for your journey. Matt. x. 9.

4. Impudence; a brazen face. [Colloq.]

5. pl.

Defn: Utensils, ornaments, or other articles of brass.
The very scullion who cleans the brasses. Hopkinson.

6. A brass plate engraved with a figure or device. Specifically, one
used as a memorial to the dead, and generally having the portrait,
coat of arms, etc.

7. pl. (Mining)

Defn: Lumps of pyrites or sulphuret of iron, the color of which is
near to that of brass.

Note: The word brass as used in Sculpture language is a translation
for copper or some kind of bronze.

Note: Brass is often used adjectively or in self-explaining
compounds; as, brass button, brass kettle, brass founder, brass
foundry or brassfoundry. Brass band (Mus.), a band of musicians who
play upon wind instruments made of brass, as trumpets, cornets, etc.
 -- Brass foil, Brass leaf, brass made into very thin sheets; --
called also Dutch gold.

BRASSAGE
Bras"sage, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A sum formerly levied to pay the expense of coinage; -- now
called seigniorage.

BRASSART
Bras"sart, n. Etym: [F. brassard, fr. bras arm. See Brace, n.]

Defn: Armor for the arm; -- generally used for the whole arm from the
shoulder to the wrist, and consisting, in the 15th and 16th
centuries, of many parts.

BRASSE
Brasse, n. Etym: [Perh. a transposition of barse; but cf. LG. brasse
the bream, G. brassen Cf. Bream.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spotted European fish of the genus Lucioperca, resembling a
perch.

BRASSETS
Bras"sets, n.

Defn: See Brassart.

BRASSICA
Bras"si*ca, n. Etym: [L., cabbage.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants embracing several species ad varieties
differing much in appearance and qualities: such as the common
cabbage (B. oleracea), broccoli, cauliflowers, etc.; the wild turnip
(B. campestris); the common turnip (B. rapa); the rape of coleseed
(B. napus), etc.

BRASSICACEOUS
Bras`si*ca"ceous, a. Etym: [L. brassica cabbage.] (Bot.)

Defn: Related to, or resembling, the cabbage, or plants of the
Cabbage family.

BRASSIERE
Bras`sière", n. [F.]

Defn: A form of woman's underwaist stiffened with whalebones, or the
like, and worn to support the breasts.

BRASSINESS
Brass"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state, conditions, or quality of being brassy. [Colloq.]

BRASS-VISAGED
Brass"-vis"aged, a.

Defn: Impudent; bold.

BRASSY
Brass"y, a.

1. Of or pertaining to brass; having the nature, appearance, or
hardness, of brass.

2. Impudent; impudently bold. [Colloq.]

BRAST
Brast, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Burst.]

Defn: To burst. [Obs.]
And both his yën braste out of his face. Chaucer.
Dreadfull furies which their chains have brast. Spenser.

BRAT
Brat, n. Etym: [OE. bratt coarse garnment, AS. bratt cloak, fr. the
Celtic; cf. W. brat clout, rag, Gael. brat cloak, apron, raf, Ir.
brat cloak; properly then, a child's bib or clout; hence, a child.]

1. A coarse garnment or cloak; also, coarse clothing, in general.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A coarse kind of apron for keeping the clothes clean; a bib.
[Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wright.

3. A child; an offspring; -- formerly used in a good sense, but now
usually in a contemptuous sense. "This brat is none of mine." Shak.
"A beggar's brat." Swift.
O Israel! O household of the Lord! O Abraham's brats! O brood of
blessed seed! Gascoigne.

4. The young of an animal. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

BRAT
Brat, n. (Mining)

Defn: A thin bed of coal mixed with pyrites or carbonate of lime.

BRATSCHE
Brat"sche, n. Etym: [G., fr. It. viola da braccio viola held on the
arm.]

Defn: The tenor viola, or viola.

BRATTICE
Brat"tice, n. Etym: [See Brettice.] (Mining)
(a) A wall of separation in a shaft or gallery used for ventilation.
(b) Planking to support a roof or wall.

BRATTISHING
Brat"tish*ing, n.

1. See Brattice, n.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Carved openwork, as of a shrine, battlement, or parapet.

BRAUNITE
Braun"ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A native oxide of manganese, of dark brownish black color. It
was named from a Mr. Braun of Gotha.

BRAVADE
Bra*vade" (, n.

Defn: Bravado. [Obs.] Fanshawe.

BRAVADO
Bra*va"do, n., pl. Bravadoes. Etym: [Sp. bravada, bravata, boast,
brag: cf. F. bravade. See Brave.]

Defn: Boastful and threatening behavior; a boastful menace.
In spite of our host's bravado. Irving.

BRAVE
Brave, a. [Compar. Braver; superl. Bravest.] Etym: [F. brave, It. or
Sp. bravo, (orig.) fierce, wild, savage, prob. from. L. barbarus. See
Barbarous, and cf. Bravo.]

1. Bold; courageous; daring; intrepid; -- opposed to cowardly; as, a
brave man; a brave act.

2. Having any sort of superiority or excellence; -- especially such
as in conspicuous. [Obs. or Archaic as applied to material things.]
Iron is a brave commodity where wood aboundeth. Bacon.
It being a brave day, I walked to Whitehall. Pepys.

3. Making a fine show or display. [Archaic]
Wear my dagger with the braver grace. Shak.
For I have gold, and therefore will be brave. In silks I'll rattle it
of every color. Robert Greene.
Frog and lizard in holiday coats And turtle brave in his golden
spots. Emerson.

Syn.
 -- Courageous; gallant; daring; valiant; valorous; bold; heroic;
intrepid; fearless; dauntless; magnanimous; high-spirited; stout-
hearted. See Gallant.

BRAVE
Brave, n.

1. A brave person; one who is daring.
The star-spangled banner, O,long may it wave O'er the land of the
free and the home of the brave. F. S. Key.

2. Specifically, an Indian warrior.

3. A man daring beyond discretion; a bully.
Hot braves like thee may fight. Dryden.

4. A challenge; a defiance; bravado. [Obs.]
Demetrius, thou dost overween in all; And so in this, to bear me down
with braves. Shak.

BRAVE
Brave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Braved; p. pr. & vb. n. Braving.]

1. To encounter with courage and fortitude; to set at defiance; to
defy; to dare.
These I can brave, but those I can not bear. Dryden.

2. To adorn; to make fine or showy. [Obs.]
Thou [a tailor whom Grunio was browbeating] hast braved meny men;
brave not me; I'll neither be faced or braved. Shak.

BRAVELY
Brave"ly, adv.

1. In a brave manner; courageously; gallantly; valiantly; splendidly;
nobly.

2. Finely; gaudily; gayly; showily.
And [she] decked herself bravely to allure the eyes of all men that
should see her. Judith. x. 4.

3. Well; thrivingly; prosperously. [Colloq.]

BRAVENESS
Brave"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of state or being brave.

BRAVERY
Brav"er*y, n. Etym: [Cf. F. braverie.]

1. The quality of being brave; fearless; intrepidity.
Remember, sir, my liege, . . . The natural bravery of your isle.
Shak.

2. The act of braving; defiance; bravado. [Obs.]
Reform, then, without bravery or scandal of former times and persons.

3. Splendor; magnificence; showy appearance; ostentation; fine dress.
With scarfs and fans and double change of bravery. Shak.
Like a stately ship . . . With all her bravery on, and tackle trim.
Milton.

4. A showy person; a fine gentleman; a beau. [Obs.]
A man that is the bravery of his age. Beau. & Fl.

Syn.
 -- Courage; heroism; interpidity; gallantry; valor; fearlessness;
dauntlessness; hardihood; manfulness. See Courage, and Heroism.

BRAVING
Brav"ing, n.

Defn: A bravado; a boast.
With so proud a strain Of threats and bravings. Chapman.

BRAVINGLY
Brav"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a defiant manner.

BRAVO
Bra"vo, n.; pl. Bravoes. Etym: [I. See Brave, a.]

Defn: A daring villain; a bandit; one who sets law at defiance; a
professional assassin or murderer.
Safe from detection, seize the unwary prey. And stab, like bravoes,
all who come this way. Churchill.

BRAVO
Bra"vo, interj. Etym: [It. See Brave.]

Defn: Well done! excellent! an exclamation expressive of applause.

BRAVURA
Bra*vu"ra, n. Etym: [It., (properly) bravery, spirit, from bravo. See
Brave.] (Mus.)

Defn: A florid, brilliant style of music, written for effect, to show
the range and flexibility of a singer's voice, or the technical force
and skill of a performer; virtuoso music. Aria di bravura ( Etym:
[It.], a florid air demanding brilliant execution.

BRAW
Braw, a. [See Brave, a.] [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

1. Well-dressed; handsome; smart; brave; -- used of persons or their
clothing, etc.; as, a braw lad. "A braw new gown." Burns.

2.  Good; fine. "A braw  night." Sir W. Scott.

BRAWL
Brawl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Brawled; p. pr. & vb. n. Brawling.] Etym:
[OE. braulen to quarrel, boast, brallen to cry, make a noise; cf. LG.
brallen to brag, MHG. prulen, G. prahlen, F. brailler to cry, shout,
Pr. brailar, braillar, W. bragal to vociferate, brag, Armor. bragal
to romp, to strut, W. broliaw to brag, brawl boast.

1. To quarrel noisily and outrageously.
Let a man that is a man consider that he is a fool that brawleth
openly with his wife. Golden Boke.

2. To complain loudly; to scold.

3. To make a loud confused noise, as the water of a rapid stream
running over stones.
Where the brook brawls along the painful road. Wordsworth.

Syn.
 -- To wrangle; squabble; contend.

BRAWL
Brawl, n.

Defn: A noisy quarrel; loud, angry contention; a wrangle; a tumult;
as, a drunken brawl.
His sports were hindered by the brawls. Shak
.

Syn.
 -- Noise; quarrel; uproar; row; tumult.

BRAWLER
Brawl"er, n.

Defn: One that brawls; wrangler. Common brawler (Law), one who
disturbs a neighborhood by brawling (and is therefore indictable at
common law as a nuisance). Wharton.

BRAWLING
Brawl"ing, a.

1. Quarreling; quarrelsome; noisy.
She is an irksome brawling scold. Shak.

2. Making a loud confused noise. See Brawl, v. i., 3.
A brawling stream. J. S. Shairp.

BRAWLINGLY
Brawl"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a brawling manner.

BRAWN
Brawn, n. Etym: [OF. braon fleshy part, muscle, fr. HG. br flesh, G.
braten roast meat; akin to Icel. br flesh, food of beasts, AS. brbr
to roast, G. braten, and possibly to E. breed.]

1. A muscle; flesh. [Obs.]
Formed well of brawns and of bones. Chaucer.

2. Full, strong muscles, esp. of the arm or leg, muscular strength; a
protuberant muscular part of the body; sometimes, the arm.
Brawn without brains is thine. Dryden.
It was ordained that murderers should be brent on the brawn of the
left hand. E. Hall.
And in my vantbrace put this withered brawn. Shak.

3. The flesh of a boar; also, the salted and prepared flesh of a
boar.
The best age for the boar is from two to five years, at which time it
is best to geld him, or sell him for brawn. Mortimer.

4. A boar. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

BRAWNED
Brawned, a.

Defn: Brawny; strong; muscular. [Obs.] Spenser.

BRAWNER
Brawn"er, n.

Defn: A boor killed for the table.

BRAWNINESS
Brawn"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being brawny.

BRAWNY
Brawn"y, a.

Defn: Having large, strong muscles; muscular; fleshy; strong. "Brawny
limbs." W. Irving.

Syn.
 -- Muscular; fleshy; strong; bulky; sinewy; athletic; stalwart;
powerful; robust.

BRAXY
Brax"y, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. breac rheum, broc sickness, Ir. bracha
corruption. Jamieson.]

1. A disease of sheep. The term is variously applied in different
localities. [Scot.]

2. A diseased sheep, or its mutton.

BRAY
Bray, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Braying.] Etym:
[OE. brayen, OF. breier, F. broyer to pound, grind, fr. OHG. brehhan
to break. See Break.]

Defn: To pound, beat, rub, or grind small or fine.
Though thou shouldest bray a fool in a mortar, . . . yet will not his
foolishness depart from him. Prov. xxvii. 22.

BRAY
Bray, v. i. Etym: [OE brayen, F. braire to bray, OF. braire to cry,
fr. LL. bragire to whinny; perh. fr. the Celtic and akin to E. break;
or perh. of imitative origin.]

1. To utter a loud, harsh cry, as an ass.
Laugh, and they Return it louder than an ass can bray. Dryden.

2. To make a harsh, grating, or discordant noise.
Heard ye the din of battle bray Gray.

BRAY
Bray, v. t.

Defn: To make or utter with a loud, discordant, or harsh and grating
sound.
Arms on armor clashing, brayed Horrible discord. MIlton.
And varying notes the war pipes brayed. Sir W. Scott.

BRAY
Bray, n.

Defn: The harsh cry of an ass; also, any harsh, grating, or
discordant sound.
The bray and roar of multitudinous London. Jerrold.

BRAY
Bray, n. Etym: [OE. braye, brey, brew, eyebrow, brow of a hill, hill,
bank, Scot. bra, brae, bray, fr. AS. br eyebrow, influenced by the
allied Icel. br eyebrow, bank, also akin to AS. brBrow.]

Defn: A bank; the slope of a hill; a hill. See Brae, which is now the
usual spelling. [North of Eng. & Scot.] Fairfax.

BRAYER
Bray"er, n.

Defn: An implement for braying and spreading ink in hand printing.

BRAYER
Bray"er, n.

Defn: One that brays like an ass. Pope.

BRAYING
Bray"ing, a.

Defn: Making a harsh noise; blaring. "Braying trumpets." Shak.

BRAZE
Braze, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Brazed; p. pr & vb. n. Brazing.] Etym: [F.
braser to solder, fr. Icel. brasa to harden by fire. Cf. Brass.]

1. To solder with hard solder, esp. with an alloy of copper and zinc;
as, to braze the seams of a copper pipe.

2. To harden. "Now I am brazes to it." Shak.

BRAZE
Braze, v. t. Etym: [AS. bræsian, fr. bræs brass. See Brass.]

Defn: To cover or ornament with brass. Chapman.

BRAZEN
Bra"zen, a.Etym: [OE. brasen, AS. bræsen. See Brass.]

1. Pertaining to, made of, or resembling, brass.

2. Sounding harsh and loud, like resounding brass.

3. Impudent; immodest; shameless; having a front like brass; as, a
brazen countenance. Brazen age. (a) (Myth.) The age of war and
lawlessness which succeeded the silver age. (b) (Archæol.) See under
Bronze.
 -- Brazen sea (Jewish Antiq.), a large laver of brass, placed in
Solomon's temple for the use of the priests.

BRAZEN
Bra"zen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brazened; p. pr. & vb. n. Brazening.]

Defn: To carry through impudently or shamelessly; as, to brazen the
matter through.
Sabina brazened it out before Mrs. Wygram, but inwardly she was
resolved to be a good deal more circumspect. W. Black.

BRAZEN-BROWED
Bra"zen-browed`, a.

Defn: Shamelessly impudent. Sir T. Browne.

BRAZENFACE
Bra"zen*face`, n.

Defn: An impudent of shameless person. "Well said, brazenface; hold
it out." Shak.

BRAZENFACED
Bra"zen*faced`, a.

Defn: Impudent; shameless.

BRAZENLY
Bra"zen*ly, adv.

Defn: In a bold, impudent manner.

BRAZENNESS
Bra"zen*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being brazen. Johnson.

BRAZIER
Bra"zier, n.

Defn: Same as Brasier.

BRAZILETTO
Braz`i*let"to, n. Etym: [Cf. Pg. & Sp. brasilete, It. brasiletto.]

Defn: See Brazil wood.

BRAZILIAN
Bra*zil"ian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Brasil.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Brazil. Brazilian pebble. See
Pebble, n., 2.

BRAZILIN
Braz"i*lin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. brésiline. See Brazil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A substance contained in both Brazil wood and Sapan wood, from
which it is extracted as a yellow crystalline substance which is
white when pure. It is colored intensely red by alkalies. [Written
also brezilin.]

BRAZIL NUT
Bra*zil" nut`. (Bot.)

Defn: An oily, three-sided nut, the seed of the Bertholletia excelsa;
the cream nut.

Note: From eighteen to twenty-four of the seed or "nuts" grow in a
hard and nearly globular shell.

BRAZIL WOOD
Bra*zil" wood`. Etym: [OE. brasil, LL. brasile (cf. Pg. & Sp. brasil,
Pr. bresil, Pr. bresil); perh. from Sp. or Pg. brasa a live coal (cf.
Braze, Brasier); or Ar. vars plant for dyeing red or yellow. This
name was given to the wood from its color; and it is said that King
Emanuel, of Portugal, gave the name Brazil to the country in South
America on account of its producing this wood.]

1. The wood of the oriental Cæsalpinia Sapan; -- so called before the
discovery of America.

2. A very heavy wood of a reddish color, imported from Brazil and
other tropical countries, for cabinet-work, and for dyeing. The best
is the heartwood of Cæsalpinia echinata, a leguminous tree; but other
trees also yield it. An interior sort comes from Jamaica, the timber
of C. Braziliensis and C. crista. This is often distinguished as
Braziletto , but the better kind is also frequently so named.

BREACH
Breach, n. Etym: [OE. breke, breche, AS. brice, gebrice, gebrece (in
comp.), fr. brecan to break; akin to Dan. bræk, MHG. breche, gap,
breach. See Break, and cf. Brake (the instrument), Brack a break] .

1. The act of breaking, in a figurative sense.

2. Specifically: A breaking or infraction of a law, or of any
obligation or tie; violation; non-fulfillment; as, a breach of
contract; a breach of promise.

3. A gap or opening made made by breaking or battering, as in a wall
or fortification; the space between the parts of a solid body rent by
violence; a break; a rupture.
Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more; Or close the wall
up with our English dead. Shak.

4. A breaking of waters, as over a vessel; the waters themselves;
surge; surf.
The Lord hath broken forth upon mine enemies before me, as the breach
of waters. 2 Sam. v. 20
A clear breach implies that the waves roll over the vessel without
breaking.
 -- A clean breach implies that everything on deck is swept away.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.

5. A breaking up of amicable relations; rupture.
There's fallen between him and my lord An unkind breach. Shak.

6. A bruise; a wound.
Breach for breach, eye for eye. Lev. xxiv. 20

7. (Med.)

Defn: A hernia; a rupture.

8. A breaking out upon; an assault.
The Lord had made a breach upon Uzza. 1. Chron. xiii. 11
Breach of falth, a breaking, or a failure to keep, an expressed or
implied promise; a betrayal of confidence or trust.
 -- Breach of peace, disorderly conduct, disturbing the public peace.
 -- Breach of privilege, an act or default in violation of the
privilege or either house of Parliament, of Congress, or of a State
legislature, as, for instance, by false swearing before a committee.
Mozley. Abbott. - Breach of promise, violation of one's plighted
word, esp. of a promise to marry.
 -- Breach of trust, violation of one's duty or faith in a matter
entrusted to one.

Syn.
 -- Rent; cleft; chasm; rift; aperture; gap; break; disruption;
fracture; rupture; infraction; infringement; violation; quarrel;
dispute; contention; difference; misunderstanding.

BREACH
Breach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Breached ( ; p. pr. & vb. n. Breaching.]

Defn: To make a breach or opening in; as, to breach the walls of a
city.

BREACH
Breach, v. i.

Defn: To break the water, as by leaping out; -- said of a whale.

BREACHY
Breach"y, a.

Defn: Apt to break fences or to break out of pasture; unruly; as,
breachy cattle.

BREAD
Bread, v. t. Etym: [AS. brædan to make broad, to spread. See Broad,
a.]

Defn: To spread. [Obs.] Ray.

BREAD
Bread, n. Etym: [AS. breád; akin to OFries. brad, OS. br, D. brood,
G. brod, brot, Icel. brau, Sw. & Dan. bröd. The root is probably that
of E. brew. Brew.]

1. An article of food made from flour or meal by moistening,
kneading, and baking.

Note: Raised bread is made with yeast, salt, and sometimes a little
butter or lard, and is mixed with warm milk or water to form the
dough, which, after kneading, is given time to rise before baking.
 -- Cream of tartar bread is raised by the action of an alkaline
carbonate or bicarbonate (as saleratus or ammonium bicarbonate) and
cream of tartar (acid tartrate of potassium) or some acid.
 -- Unleavened bread is usually mixed with water and salt only.
Aërated bread. See under Aërated. Bread and butter (fig.), means of
living.
 -- Brown bread, Indian bread, Graham bread, Rye and Indian bread.
See Brown bread, under Brown.
 -- Bread tree. See Breadfruit.

2. Food; sustenance; support of life, in general.
Give us this day our daily bread. Matt. vi. 11

BREAD
Bread, v. t. (Cookery)

Defn: To cover with bread crumbs, preparatory to cooking; as, breaded
cutlets.

BREADBASKET
Bread"bas`ket, n.

Defn: The stomach. [Humorous] S. Foote.

BREADCORN
Bread"corn`.

Defn: Corn of grain of which bread is made, as wheat, rye, etc.

BREADED
Bread"ed, a.

Defn: Braided [Obs.] Spenser.

BREADEN
Bread"en, a.

Defn: Made of bread. [R.]

BREADFRUIT
Bread"fruit`, n. (Bot.)

1. The fruit of a tree (Artocarpus incisa) found in the islands of
the Pacific, esp. the South Sea islands. It is of a roundish form,
from four to six or seven inches in diameter, and, when baked,
somewhat resembles bread, and is eaten as food, whence the name.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The tree itself, which is one of considerable size, with large,
lobed leaves. Cloth is made from the bark, and the timber is used for
many purposes. Called also breadfruit tree and bread tree.

BREADLESS
Bread"less, a.

Defn: Without bread; destitude of food.
Plump peers and breadless bards alike are dull. P. Whitehead.

BREADROOT
Bread`root", n. (Bot.)

Defn: The root of a leguminous plant (Psoralea esculenta), found near
the Rocky Mountains. It is usually oval in form, and abounds in
farinaceous matter, affording sweet and palatable food.

Note: It is the Pomme blanche of Canadian voyageurs.

BREADSTUFF
Bread"stuff, n.

Defn: Grain, flour, or meal of which bread is made.

BREADTH
Breadth, n. Etym: [OE. brede, breede, whence later bredette, AS.
brbrad broad. See Broad, a.]

1. Distance from side to side of any surface or thing; measure
across, or at right angles to the length; width.

2. (Fine Arts) The quality of having the colors and shadows broad and
massive, and the arrangement of objects such as to avoid to great
multiplicity of details, producing an impression of largeness and
simple grandeur; -- called also breadth of effect.
Breadth of coloring is a prominent character in the painting of all
great masters. Weale.

BREADTHLESS
Breadth"less, a.

Defn: Without breadth.

BREADTHWAYS
Breadth"ways, ads.

Defn: Breadthwise. Whewell.

BREADTHWISE
Breadth"wise, ads.

Defn: In the direction of the breadth.

BREADWINNER
Bread"win`ner, n.

Defn: The member of a family whose labor supplies the food of the
family; one who works for his living. H. Spencer.

BREAK
Break, v. t. [imp. broke, (Obs. Brake); p. p. Broken (, (Obs. Broke);
p. pr. & vb. n. Breaking.] Etym: [OE. breken, AS. brecan; akin to OS.
brekan, D. breken, OHG. brehhan, G. brechen, Icel.braka to creak, Sw.
braka, bräkka to crack, Dan. brække to break, Goth. brikan to break,
L. frangere. Cf. Bray to pound, Breach, Fragile.]

1. To strain apart; to sever by fracture; to divide with violence;
as, to break a rope or chain; to break a seal; to break an axle; to
break rocks or coal; to break a lock. Shak.

2. To lay open as by breaking; to divide; as, to break a package of
goods.

3. To lay open, as a purpose; to disclose, divulge, or communicate.
Katharine, break thy mind to me. Shak.

4. To infringe or violate, as an obligation, law, or promise.
Out, out, hyena! these are thy wonted arts . . . To break all faith,
all vows, deceive, betray. Milton

5. To interrupt; to destroy the continuity of; to dissolve or
terminate; as, to break silence; to break one's sleep; to break one's
journey.
Go, release them, Ariel;
My charms I'll break, their senses I'll restore. Shak.

6. To destroy the completeness of; to remove a part from; as, to
break a set.

7. To destroy the arrangement of; to throw into disorder; to pierce;
as, the cavalry were not able to break the British squares.

8. To shatter to pieces; to reduce to fragments.
The victim broke in pieces the musical instruments with which he had
solaced the hours of captivity. Prescott.

9. To exchange for other money or currency of smaller denomination;
as, to break a five dollar bill.

10. To destroy the strength, firmness, or consistency of; as, to
break flax.

11. To weaken or impair, as health, spirit, or mind.
An old man, broken with the storms of state. Shak.

12. To diminish the force of; to lessen the shock of, as a fall or
blow.
I'll rather leap down first, and break your fall. Dryden.

13. To impart, as news or information; to broach; -- with to, and
often with a modified word implying some reserve; as, to break the
news gently to the widow; to break a purpose cautiously to a friend.

14. To tame; to reduce to subjection; to make tractable; to
discipline; as, to break a horse to the harness or saddle. "To break
a colt." Spenser.
Why, then thou canst not break her to the lute Shak.

15. To destroy the financial credit of; to make bankrupt; to ruin.
With arts like these rich Matho, when he speaks, Attracts all fees,
and little lawyers breaks. Dryden.

16. To destroy the official character and standing of; to cashier; to
dismiss.
I see a great officer broken. Swift.

Note: With prepositions or adverbs: --To break down. (a) To crush; to
overwhelm; as, to break down one's strength; to break down
opposition. (b) To remove, or open a way through, by breaking; as, to
break down a door or wall.
 -- To break in. (a) To force in; as, to break in a door. (b) To
train; to discipline; as, a horse well broken in.
 -- To break of, to rid of; to cause to abandon; as, to break one of
a habit.
 -- To break off. (a) To separate by breaking; as, to break off a
twig. (b) To stop suddenly; to abandon. "Break off thy sins by
righteousness." Dan. iv. 27.
 -- To break open, to open by breaking. "Open the door, or I will
break it open." Shak.
 -- To break out, to take or force out by breaking; as, to break out
a pane of glass.
 -- To break out a cargo, to unstow a cargo, so as to unload it
easily.
 -- To break through. (a) To make an opening through, as, as by
violence or the force of gravity; to pass violently through; as, to
break through the enemy's lines; to break through the ice. (b) To
disregard; as, to break through the ceremony.
 -- To break up. (a) To separate into parts; to plow (new or fallow
ground). "Break up this capon." Shak. "Break up your fallow ground."
Jer. iv. 3. (b) To dissolve; to put an end to. "Break up the court."
Shak.
 -- To break (one) all up, to unsettle or disconcert completely; to
upset. [Colloq.]

Note: With an immediate object: -To break the back. (a) To dislocate
the backbone; hence, to disable totally. (b) To get through the worst
part of; as, to break the back of a difficult undertaking.
 -- To break bulk, to destroy the entirety of a load by removing a
portion of it; to begin to unload; also, to transfer in detail, as
from boats to cars.
 -- To break cover, to burst forth from a protecting concealment, as
game when hunted.
 -- To break a deer or stag, to cut it up and apportion the parts
among those entitled to a share.
 -- To break fast, to partake of food after abstinence. See
Breakfast.
 -- To break ground. (a) To open the earth as for planting; to
commence excavation, as for building, siege operations, and the like;
as, to break ground for a foundation, a canal, or a railroad. (b)
Fig.: To begin to execute any plan. (c) (Naut.) To release the anchor
from the bottom.
 -- To break the heart, to crush or overwhelm (one) with grief.
 -- To break a house (Law), to remove or set aside with violence and
a felonious intent any part of a house or of the fastenings provided
to secure it.
 -- To break the ice, to get through first difficulties; to overcome
obstacles and make a beginning; to introduce a subject.
 -- To break jail, to escape from confinement in jail, usually by
forcible means.
 -- To break a jest, to utter a jest. "Patroclus . . . the livelong
day break scurril jests." Shak.
 -- To break joints, to lay or arrange bricks, shingles, etc., so
that the joints in one course shall not coincide with those in the
preceding course.
 -- To break a lance, to engage in a tilt or contest.
 -- To break the neck, to dislocate the joints of the neck.
 -- To break no squares, to create no trouble. [Obs.] -- To break a
path, road, etc., to open a way through obstacles by force or labor.
 -- To break upon a wheel, to execute or torture, as a criminal by
stretching him upon a wheel, and breaking his limbs with an iron bar;
-- a mode of punishment formerly employed in some countries.
 -- To break wind, to give vent to wind from the anus.

Syn.
 -- To dispart; rend; tear; shatter; batter; violate; infringe;
demolish; destroy; burst; dislocate.

BREAK
Break, v. i.

1. To come apart or divide into two or more pieces, usually with
suddenness and violence; to part; to burst asunder.

2. To open spontaneously, or by pressure from within, as a bubble, a
tumor, a seed vessel, a bag.
Else the bottle break, and the wine runneth out. Math. ix. 17.

3. To burst forth; to make its way; to come to view; to appear; to
dawn.
The day begins to break, and night is fied. Shak.
And from the turf a fountain broke, and gurgled at our feet.
Wordswoorth.

4. To burst forth violently, as a storm.
The clouds are still above; and, while I speak, A second deluge o'er
our head may break. Shak.

5. To open up. to be scattered; t be dissipated; as, the clouds are
breaking.
At length the darkness begins to break. Macawlay.

6. To become weakened in constitution or faculties; to lose health or
strength.
See how the dean begins to break; Poor gentleman . Swift.

7. To be crushed, or overwhelmed with sorrow or grief; as, my heart
is breaking.

8. To fall in business; to become bankrupt.
He that puts all upon adventures doth oftentimes break, and come to
poverty. Bacn.

9. To make an abrupt or sudden change; to change the gait; as, to
break into a run or gallop.

10. To fail in musical quality; as, a singer's voice breaks when it
is strained beyond its compass and a tone or note is not completed,
but degenerates into an unmusical sound instead. Also, to change in
tone, as a boy's voice at puberty.

11. To fall out; to terminate friendship.
To break upon the score of danger or expense is to be mean and
narrow-spirited. Collier.

Note: With prepositions or adverbs: -To break away, to disengage
one's self abruptly; to come or go away against resistance.
Fear me not, man; I will not break away. Shak.
To break down. (a) To come down by breaking; as, the coach broke
down. (b) To fail in any undertaking.
He had broken down almost at the outset. Thackeray.
-- To break forth, to issue; to come out suddenly, as sound, light,
etc. "Then shall thy light break forth as the morning." Isa. lviii.
8;

Note: often with into in expressing or giving vent to one's feelings.
"Break forth into singing, ye mountains." Isa. xliv. 23. To break
from, to go away from abruptly.
This radiant from the circling crowd he broke. Dryden.
-- To break into, to enter by breaking; as, a house.
 -- To break in upon, to enter or approach violently or unexpectedly.
"This, this is he; softly awhile; let us not break in upon him."
Milton.
 -- To break loose. (a) To extricate one's self forcibly. "Who would
not, finding way, break loose from hell" Milton. (b) To cast off
restraint, as of morals or propriety.
 -- To break off. (a) To become separated by rupture, or with
suddenness and violence. (b) To desist or cease suddenly. "Nay,
forward, old man; do not break off so." Shak.
 -- To break off from, to desist from; to abandon, as a habit.
 -- To break out. (a) To burst forth; to escape from restraint; to
appear suddenly, as a fire or an epidemic. "For in the wilderness
shall waters break out, and stream in the desert." Isa. xxxv. 6 (b)
To show itself in cutaneous eruptions; -- said of a disease. (c) To
have a rash or eruption on the akin; -- said of a patient.
 -- To break over, to overflow; to go beyond limits.
 -- To break up. (a) To become separated into parts or fragments; as,
the ice break up in the rivers; the wreck will break up in the next
storm. (b) To disperse. "The company breaks up." I. Watts.
 -- To break upon, to discover itself suddenly to; to dawn upon.
 -- To break with. (a) To fall out; to sever one's relations with; to
part friendship. "It can not be the Volsces dare break with us."
Shak. "If she did not intend to marry Clive, she should have broken
with him altogether." Thackeray. (b) To come to an explanation; to
enter into conference; to speak. [Obs.] "I will break with her and
with her father." Shak.

BREAK
Break, n. Etym: [See Break, v. t., and cf. Brake (the instrument),
Breach, Brack a crack.]

1. An opening made by fracture or disruption.

2. An interruption of continuity; change of direction; as, a break in
a wall; a break in the deck of a ship. Specifically:
(a) (Arch.) A projection or recess from the face of a displacement in
the circuit, interrupting the electrical current.

3. An interruption; a pause; as, a break in friendship; a break in
the conversation.

4. An interruption in continuity in writing or printing, as where
there is an omission, an unfilled line, etc.
All modern trash is Set forth with numerous breaks and dashes. Swift.

5. The first appearing, as of light in the morning; the dawn; as, the
break of day; the break of dawn.

6. A large four-wheeled carriage, having a straight body and calash
top, with the driver's seat in front and the footman's behind.

7. A device for checking motion, or for measuring friction. See
Brake, n. 9 & 10.

8. (Teleg.)

Defn: See Commutator.

BREAKABLE
Break"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being broken.

BREAKAGE
Break"age, n.

1. The act of breaking; a break; a breaking; also, articles broken.

2. An allowance or compensation for things broken accidentally, as in
transportation or use.

BREAKAWAY
Break"a*way`, n.  [Break + away] [Australasia]

1.

Defn: A wild rush of sheep, cattle, horses, or camels (especially at
the smell or the sight of water); a stampede.

2.  An animal that breaks away from a herd.

BREAKBONE FEVER
Break"bone` fe`ver. (Med.)

Defn: See Dengue.

BREAK-CIRCUIT
Break"-cir`cuit, n. (Elec.)

Defn: A key or other device for breaking an electrical circuit.

BREAKDOWN
Break"down`, n.

1. The act or result of breaking down, as of a carriage; downfall.

2.
(a) A noisy, rapid, shuffling dance engaged in competitively by a
number of persons or pairs in succession, as among the colored people
of the Southern United States, and so called, perhaps, because the
exercise is continued until most of those who take part in it break
down.
(b) Any rude, noisy dance performed by shuffling the feet, usually by
one person at a time. [U.S.]
Don't clear out when the quadrilles are over, for we are going to
have a breakdown to wind up with. New Eng. Tales.

BREAKER
Break"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, breaks.
I'll be no breaker of the law. Shak.

2. Specifically: A machine for breaking rocks, or for breaking coal
at the mines; also, the building in which such a machine is placed.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A small water cask. Totten.

4. A wave breaking into foam against the shore, or against a sand
bank, or a rock or reef near the surface.
The breakers were right beneath her bows. Longfellow.

BREAKFAST
Break"fast, n. Etym: [Break + fast.]

1. The first meal in the day, or that which is eaten at the first
meal.
A sorry breakfast for my lord protector. Shak.

2. A meal after fasting, or food in general.
The wolves will get a breakfast by my death. Dryden.

BREAKFAST
Break"fast, v. i. [imp. & p. p. breakfasted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Breakfasting.]

Defn: To break one's fast in the morning; too eat the first meal in
the day.
First, sir, I read, and then I breakfast. Prior.

BREAKFAST
Break"fast, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with breakfast. Milton.

BREAKMAN
Break"man, n.

Defn: See Brakeman.

BREAKNECK
Break"neck`, n.

1. A fall that breaks the neck.

2. A steep place endangering the neck.

BREAKNECK
Break"neck`, a.

Defn: Producing danger of a broken neck; as, breakneck speed.

BREAK-UP
Break"-up`, n.

Defn: Disruption; a separation and dispersion of the parts or
members; as, a break-up of an assembly or dinner party; a break-up of
the government.

BREAKWATER
Break"wa`ter, n.

Defn: Any structure or contrivance, as a mole, or a wall at the mouth
of a harbor, to break the force of waves, and afford protection from
their violence.

BREAM
Bream, n. Etym: [OE. breme, brem, F. brême, OF. bresme, of German
origin; cf. OHG. brahsema, brahsina, OLG. bressemo, G. brassen. Cf.
Brasse.]

1. (Zoöl)

Defn: A European fresh-water cyprinoid fish of the genus Abramis,
little valued as food. Several species are known.

2. (Zoöl)

Defn: An American fresh-water fish, of various species of Pomotis and
allied genera, which are also called sunfishes and pondfishes. See
Pondfish.

3. (Zoöl)

Defn: A marine sparoid fish of the genus Pagellus, and allied genera.
See Sea Bream.

BREAM
Bream, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Breamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Breaming.] Etym:
[Cf. Broom, and G. ein schiff brennen.] (Naut.)

Defn: To clean, as a ship's bottom of adherent shells, seaweed, etc.,
by the application of fire and scraping.

BREAST
Breast, n. Etym: [OE. brest, breost, As. breóst; akin to Icel. brj,
Sw. bröst, Dan. bryst, Goth. brusts, OS. briost, D. borst, G. brust.]

1. The fore part of the body, between the neck and the belly; the
chest; as, the breast of a man or of a horse.

2. Either one of the protuberant glands, situated on the front of the
chest or thorax in the female of man and of some other mammalia, in
which milk is secreted for the nourishment of the young; a mammma; a
teat.
My brother, that sucked the breasts of my mother. Cant. viii. 1.

3. Anything resembling the human breast, or bosom; the front or
forward part of anything; as, a chimney breast; a plow breast; the
breast of a hill.
Mountains on whose barren breast The laboring clouds do often rest.
Milton.

4. (Mining)
(a) The face of a coal working.
(b) The front of a furnace.

5. The seat of consciousness; the repository of thought and self-
consciousness, or of secrets; the seat of the affections and
passions; the heart.
He has a loyal breast. Shak.

6. The power of singing; a musical voice; -- so called, probably,
from the connection of the voice with the lungs, which lie within the
breast. [Obs.]
By my troth, the fool has an excellent breast. Shak.
Breast drill, a portable drilling machine, provided with a
breastplate, for forcing the drill against the work.
 -- Breast pang. See Angina pectoris, under Angina.
 -- To make a clean breast, to disclose the secrets which weigh upon
one; to make full confession.

BREAST
Breast, v. t. [imp. & p. p.Breasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Breasted.]

Defn: To meet, with the breast; to struggle with or oppose manfully;
as, to breast the storm or waves.
The court breasted the popular current by sustaining the demurrer.
Wirt.
To breast up a hedge, to cut the face of it on one side so as to lay
bare the principal upright stems of the plants.

BREASTBAND
Breast"band`, n.

Defn: A band for the breast. Specifically: (Naut.) A band of canvas,
or a rope, fastened at both ends to the rigging, to support the man
who heaves the lead in sounding.

BREASTBEAM
Breast"beam`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: The front transverse beam of a locomotive.

BREASTBONE
Breast"bone`, n.

Defn: The bone of the breast; the sternum.

BREAST-DEEP
Breast"-deep`, a.

Defn: Deep as from the breast to the feet; as high as the breast.
See him breast-deep in earth, and famish him. Shak.

BREASTED
Breast"ed, a.

Defn: Having a breast; -- used in composition with qualifying words,
in either a literal or a metaphorical sense; as, a single-breasted
coat.
The close minister is buttoned up, and the brave officer open-
breasted, on these occasions. Spectator.

BREASTFAST
Breast"fast`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A large rope to fasten the midship part of a ship to a wharf,
or to another vessel.

BREASTHEIGHT
Breast"height`, n.

Defn: The interior slope of a fortification, against which the
garnison lean in firing.

BREAST-HIGH
Breast"-high`, a.

Defn: High as the breast.

BREASTHOOK
Breast"hook`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A thick piece of timber in the form of a knee, placed across
the stem of a ship to strengthen the fore part and unite the bows on
each side. Totten.

BREASTING
Breast"ing, n. (Mach.)

Defn: The curved channel in which a breast wheel turns. It is closely
adapted to the curve of the wheel through about a quarter of its
circumference, and prevents the escape of the water until it has
spent its force upon the wheel. See Breast wheel.

BREASTKNOT
Breast"knot`, n.

Defn: A pin worn of the breast for a fastening, or for ornament; a
brooch.

BREASTPIN
Breast"pin` (brest"pin`), n.

Defn: A pin worn on the breast for a fastening, or for ornament; a
brooch.

BREASTPLATE
Breast"plate`, n.

1. A plate of metal covering the breast as defensive armor.
Before his old rusty breastplate could be scoured, and his cracked
headpiece mended. Swift.

2. A piece against which the workman presses his breast in operating
a breast drill, or other similar tool.

3. A strap that runs across a horse's breast. Ash.

4. (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: A part of the vestment of the high priest, worn upon the front
of the ephod. It was a double piece of richly embroidered stuff, a
span square, set with twelve precious stones, on which were engraved
the names of the twelve tribes of Israel. See Ephod.

BREASTPLOW; BREASTPLOUGH
Breast"plow`, Breast"plough`, n.

Defn: A kind of plow, driven by the breast of the workman; -- used to
cut or pare turf.

BREASTRAIL
Breast"rail`, n.

Defn: The upper rail of any parapet of ordinary height, as of a
balcony; the railing of a quarter-deck, etc.

BREASTROPE
Breast"rope`, n.

Defn: See Breastband.

BREASTSUMMER
Breast"sum`mer, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A summer or girder extending across a building flush with, and
supporting, the upper part of a front or external wall; a long
lintel; a girder; -- used principally above shop windows. [Written
also brestsummer and bressummer.]

BREASTWHEEL
Breast"wheel`, n.

Defn: A water wheel, on which the stream of water strikes neither so
high as in the overshot wheel, nor so low as in the undershot, but
generally at about half the height of the wheel, being kept in
contact with it by the breasting. The water acts on the float boards
partly by impulse, partly by its weight.

BREASTWORK
Breast"work`, n.

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A defensive work of moderate height, hastily thrown up, of
earth or other material.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A railing on the quarter-deck and forecastle.

BREATH
Breath, n. Etym: [OE. breth, breeth, AS. br odor, scent, breath; cf.
OHG. bradam steam, vapor, breath, G. brodem, and possibly E. Brawn,
and Breed.]

1. The air inhaled and exhaled in respiration, air which, in the
process of respiration, has parted with oxygen and has received
carbonic acid, aqueous vapor, warmth, etc.
Melted as breath into the wind. Shak.

2. The act of breathing naturally or freely; the power or capacity to
breathe freely; as, I am out of breath.

3. The power of respiration, and hence, life. Hood.
Thou takest away their breath, they die. Ps. civ. 29.

4. Time to breathe; respite; pause.
Give me some breath, some little pause. Shak.

5. A single respiration, or the time of making it; a single act; an
instant.
He smiles and he frowns in a breath. Dryden.

6. Fig.: That which gives or strengthens life.
The earthquake voice of victory, To thee the breath of life. Byron.

7. A single word; the slightest effort; a triffle.
A breath can make them, as a breath has made. Goldsmith.

8. A very slight breeze; air in gentle motion.
Calm and unruffled as a summer's sea, when not a breath of wind flies
o'er its surface. Addison.

9. Fragrance; exhalation; odor; perfume. Tennison.
The breath of flowers. Bacon.

10. Gentle exercise, causing a quicker respiration.
An after dinner's breath. Shak.
Out of breath, breathless, exhausted; breathing with difficulty.
 -- Under one's breath, in low tones.

BREATHABLE
Breath"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be breathed.

BREATHABLENESS
Breath"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: State of being breathable.

BREATHE
Breathe, v. i. [imp. & p. p Breathed; p. pr. & vb. n. Breathing.]
Etym: [From Breath.]

1. To respire; to inhale and exhale air; hence;, to live. "I am in
health, I breathe." Shak.
Breathes there a man with soul so dead Sir W. Scott.

2. To take breath; to rest from action.
Well! breathe awhile, and then to it again! Shak.

3. To pass like breath; noiselessly or gently; to exhale; to emanate;
to blow gently.
The air breathes upon us here most sweetly. Shak.
There breathes a living fragrance from the shore. Byron.

BREATHE
Breathe, v. t.

1. To inhale and exhale in the process of respiration; to respire.
To view the light of heaven, and breathe the vital air. Dryden.

2. To inject by breathing; to infuse; -- with into.
Able to breathe life into a stone. Shak.
And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed
into his nostrils the breath of life. Gen. ii. 7.

3. To emit or utter by the breath; to utter softly; to whisper; as,
to breathe a vow.
He softly breathed thy name. Dryden.
Or let the church, our mother, breathe her curse, A mother's curse,
on her revolting son. Shak.

4. To exhale; to emit, as breath; as, the flowers breathe odors or
perfumes.

5. To express; to manifest; to give forth.
Others articles breathe the same severe spirit. Milner.

6. To act upon by the breath; to cause to sound by breathing. "They
breathe the flute." Prior.

7. To promote free respiration in; to exercise.
And every man should beat thee. I think thou wast created for men to
breathe themselves upon thee. Shak.

8. To suffer to take breath, or recover the natural breathing; to
rest; as, to breathe a horse.
A moment breathed his panting steed. Sir W. Scott.

9. To put out of breath; to exhaust.
Mr. Tulkinghorn arrives in his turret room, a little breathed by the
journey up. Dickens.

10. (Phonetics)

Defn: To utter without vocality, as the nonvocal consonants.
The same sound may be pronounces either breathed, voiced, or
whispered. H. Sweet.
Breathed elements, being already voiceless, remain unchanged

Note: [in whispering]. H. Sweet.
To breathe again, to take breath; to feel a sense of relief, as from
danger, responsibility, or press of business.
 -- To breathe one's last, to die; to expire.
 -- To breathe a vein, to open a vein; to let blood. Dryden.

BREATHER
Breath"er, n.

1. One who breathes. Hence: (a) One who lives.(b) One who utters. (c)
One who animates or inspires.

2. That which puts one out of breath, as violent exercise. [Colloq.]

BREATHFUL
Breath"ful, a.

Defn: Full of breath; full of odor; fragrant. [Obs.]

BREATHING
Breath"ing, n.

1. Respiration; the act of inhaling and exhaling air.
Subject to a difficulty of breathing. Melmoth.

2. Air in gentle motion.

3. Any gentle influence or operation; inspiration; as, the breathings
of the Spirit.

4. Aspiration; secret prayer. "Earnest desires and breathings after
that blessed state." Tillotson.

5. Exercising; promotion of respiration.
Here is a lady that wants breathing too; And I have heard, you
knights of Tyre Are excellent in making ladies trip. Shak.

6. Utterance; communication or publicity by words.
I am sorry to give breathing to my purpose. Shak.

7. Breathing place; vent. Dryden.

8. Stop; pause; delay.
You shake the head at so long a breathing. Shak.

9. Also, in a wider sense, the sound caused by the friction of the
outgoing breath in the throat, mouth, etc., when the glottis is wide
open; aspiration; the sound expressed by the letter h.

10. (Gr. Gram.)

Defn: A mark to indicate aspiration or its absence. See Rough
breathing, Smooth breathing, below. Breathing place. (a) A pause.
"That cæsura, or breathing place, in the midst of the verse." Sir P.
Sidney. (b) A vent.
 -- Breathing time, pause; relaxation. Bp. Hall.
 -- Breathing while, time sufficient for drawing breath; a short
time. Shak.
 -- Rough breathing (spiritus asper) (. See 2d Asper, n.
 -- Smooth breathing (spiritus lenis), a mark (') indicating the
absence of the sound of h, as in 'ie`nai (ienai).

BREATHLESS
Breath"less, a.

1. Spent with labor or violent action; out of breath.

2. Not breathing; holding the breath, on account of fear,
expectation, or intense interest; attended with a holding of the
breath; as, breathless attention.
But breathless, as we grow when feeling most. Byron.

3. Dead; as, a breathless body.

BREATHLESSLY
Breath"less*ly, adv.

Defn: In a breathless manner.

BREATHLESSNESS
Breath"less*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being breathless or out of breath.

BRECCIA
Brec"cia, n. Etym: [It., breach, pebble, fragments of stone, fr. F.
brèche; of German origin. See Breach.] (Geol.)

Defn: A rock composed of angular fragments either of the same mineral
or of different minerals, etc., united by a cement, and commonly
presenting a variety of colors. Bone breccia, a breccia containing
bones, usually fragmentary.
 -- Coin breccia, a breccia containing coins.

BRECCIATED
Brec"ci*a`ted, a.

Defn: Consisting of angular fragments cemented together; resembling
breccia in appearance.
The brecciated appearance of many specimens [of meteorites]. H. A.
Newton.

BRED
Bred,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Breed. Bred out, degenerated. "The strain of
man's bred out into baboon and monkey." Shak.
 -- Bred to arms. See under Arms.
 -- Well bred. (a) Of a good family; having a good pedigree. "A
gentleman well bred and of good name." Shak. [Obs., except as applied
to domestic animals.] (b) Well brought up, as shown in having good
manners; cultivated; refined; polite.

BREDE; BREEDE
Brede, or Breede, n.

Defn: Breadth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BREDE
Brede, n. Etym: [See Braid woven cord.]

Defn: A braid. [R.]
Half lapped in glowing gauze and golden brede. Tennyson.

BREECH
Breech, n. Etym: [See Breeches.]

1. The lower part of the body behind; the buttocks.

2. Breeches. [Obs.] Shak.

3. The hinder part of anything; esp., the part of a cannon, or other
firearm, behind the chamber.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: The external angle of knee timber, the inside of which is
called the throat.

BREECH
Breech, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Breeched; p. pr. & vb. n. Breeching.]

1. To put into, or clothe with, breeches.
A great man . . . anxious to know whether the blacksmith's youngest
boy was breeched. Macaulay.

2. To cover as with breeches. [Poetic]
Their daggers unmannerly breeched with gore. Shak.

3. To fit or furnish with a breech; as, to breech a gun.

4. To whip on the breech. [Obs.]
Had not a courteous serving man conveyed me away, whilst he went to
fetch whips, I think, in my conscience, he would have breeched me.
Old Play.

5. To fasten with breeching.

BREECH ACTION
Breech action.

Defn: The breech mechanism in breech-loading small arms and certain
special guns, as automatic and machine guns; --used frequently in
referring to the method by which the movable barrels of breech-
loading shotguns are locked, unlocked, or rotated to loading
position.

BREECHBLOCK
Breech"block, n.

Defn: The movable piece which closes the breech of a breech-loading
firearm, and resists the backward force of the discharge. It is
withdrawn for the insertion of a cartridge, and closed again before
the gun is fired.

BREECHCLOTH
Breech"cloth`, n.

Defn: A cloth worn around the breech.

BREECHES
Breech"es, n. pl. Etym: [OE. brech, brek, AS. brek, pl. of broc
breech, breeches; akin to Icel. brok breeches, ODan. brog, D. broek,
G. bruch; cf. L. bracae, braccae, which is of Celtic origin. Cf.
Brail.]

1. A garment worn by men, covering the hips and thighs; smallclothes.
His jacket was red, and his breeches were blue. Coleridge.

2. Trousers; pantaloons. [Colloq.] Breeches buoy, in the life-saving
service, a pair of canvas breeches depending from an annular or
beltlike life buoy which is usually of cork. This contrivance,
inclosing the person to be rescued, is hung by short ropes from a
block which runs upon the hawser stretched from the ship to the
shore, and is drawn to land by hauling lines.
 -- Breeches pipe, a forked pipe forming two branches united at one
end.
 -- Knee breeches, breeches coming to the knee, and buckled or
fastened there; smallclothes.
 -- To wear the breeches, to usurp the authority of the husband; --
said of a wife. [Colloq.]

BREECHING
Breech"ing, n.

1. A whipping on the breech, or the act of whipping on the breech.
I view the prince with Aristarchus' eyes, Whose looks were as a
breeching to a boy. Marlowe.

2. That part of a harness which passes round the breech of a horse,
enabling him to hold back a vehicle.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A strong rope rove through the cascabel of a cannon and secured
to ringbolts in the ship's side, to limit the recoil of the gun when
it is discharged.

4. The sheet iron casing at the end of boilers to convey the smoke
from the flues to the smokestack.

BREECHLOADER
Breech"load`er, n.

Defn: A firearm which receives its load at the breech.
For cavalry, the revolver and breechloader will supersede the saber.
Rep. Sec. War (1860).

BREECH-LOADING
Breech"-load`ing, a.

Defn: Receiving the charge at the breech instead of at the muzzle.

BREECH PIN; BREECH SCREW
Breech" pin`, Breech" screw`.

Defn: A strong iron or steel plug screwed into the breech of a musket
or other firearm, to close the bottom of the bore.

BREECH SIGHT
Breech" sight`.

Defn: A device attached to the breech of a firearm, to guide the eye,
in conjunction with the front sight, in taking aim.

BREED
Breed, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bred; p. pr. & vb. n. Breeding.] Etym:
[OE. breden, AS. bredan to nourish, cherish, keep warm, from brod
brood; akin to D. broeden to brood, OHG. bruoten, G. brüten. See
Brood.]

1. To produce as offspring; to bring forth; to bear; to procreate; to
generate; to beget; to hatch.
Yet every mother breeds not sons alike. Shak.
If the sun breed maggots in a dead dog. Shak.

2. To take care of in infancy, and through the age of youth; to bring
up; to nurse and foster.
To bring thee forth with pain, with care to breed. Dryden.
Born and bred on the verge of the wilderness. Everett.

3. To educate; to instruct; to form by education; to train; --
sometimes followed by up.
But no care was taken to breed him a Protestant. Bp. Burnet.
His farm may not remove his children too far from him, or the trade
he breeds them up in. Locke.

4. To engender; to cause; to occasion; to originate; to produce; as,
to breed a storm; to breed disease.
Lest the place And my quaint habits breed astonishment. Milton.

5. To give birth to; to be the native place of; as, a pond breeds
fish; a northern country breeds stout men.

6. To raise, as any kind of stock.

7. To produce or obtain by any natural process. [Obs.]
Children would breed their teeth with less danger. Locke.

Syn.
 -- To engender; generate; beget; produce; hatch; originate; bring
up; nourish; train; instruct.

BREED
Breed, v. i.

1. To bear and nourish young; to reproduce or multiply itself; to be
pregnant.
That they breed abundantly in the earth. Gen. viii. 17.
The mother had never bred before. Carpenter.
Ant. Is your gold and silver ewes and rams Shy. I can not tell. I
make it breed as fast. Shak.

2. To be formed in the parent or dam; to be generated, or to grow, as
young before birth.

3. To have birth; to be produced or multiplied.
Heavens rain grace On that which breeds between them. Shak.

4. To raise a breed; to get progeny.
The kind of animal which you wish to breed from. Gardner.
To breed in and in, to breed from animals of the same stock that are
closely related.

BREED
Breed, n.

1. A race or variety of men or other animals (or of plants),
perpetuating its special or distinctive characteristics by
inheritance.
Twice fifteen thousand hearts of England's breed. Shak.
Greyhounds of the best breed. Carpenter.

2. Class; sort; kind; -- of men, things, or qualities.
Are these the breed of wits so wondered at Shak.
This courtesy is not of the right breed. Shak.

3. A number produced at once; a brood. [Obs.]

Note: Breed is usually applied to domestic animals; species or
variety to wild animals and to plants; and race to men.

BREEDBATE
Breed"bate, n.

Defn: One who breeds or originates quarrels. [Obs.] "No telltale nor
no breedbate." Shak.

BREEDER
Breed"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, breeds, produces, brings up, etc.
She was a great breeder. Dr. A. Carlyle.
Italy and Rome have been the best breeders of worthy men. Ascham.

2. A cause. "The breeder of my sorrow." Shak.

BREEDING
Breed"ing, n.

1. The act or process of generating or bearing.

2. The raising or improving of any kind of domestic animals; as,
farmers should pay attention to breeding.

3. Nurture; education; formation of manners.
She had her breeding at my father's charge. Shak.

4. Deportment or behavior in the external offices and decorums of
social life; manners; knowledge of, or training in, the ceremonies,
or polite observances of society.
Delicacy of breeding, or that polite deference and respect which
civility obliges us either to express or counterfeit towards the
persons with whom we converse. Hume.

5. Descent; pedigree; extraction. [Obs.]
Honest gentlemen, I know not your breeding. Shak.
Close breeding, In and in breeding, breeding from a male and female
from the same parentage.
 -- Cross breeding, breeding from a male and female of different
lineage.
 -- Good breeding, politeness; genteel deportment.

Syn.
 -- Education; instruction; nurture; training; manners. See
Education.

BREEZE; BREEZE FLY
Breeze, Breeze" fly` (, n. Etym: [OE. brese, AS. briósa; perh. akin
to OHG. brimissa, G. breme, bremse, D. brems, which are akin to G.
brummen to growl, buzz, grumble, L. fremere to murmur; cf. G.
brausen, Sw. brusa, Dan. bruse, to roar, rush.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fly of various species, of the family Tabanidæ, noted for
buzzing about animals, and tormenting them by sucking their blood; --
called also horsefly, and gadfly. They are among the largest of two-
winged or dipterous insects. The name is also given to different
species of botflies. [Written also breese and brize.]

BREEZE
Breeze, n. Etym: [F. brise; akin to It. brezza breeze, Sp. briza,
brisa, a breeze from northeast, Pg. briza northeast wind; of
uncertain origin; cf. F. bise, Pr. bisa, OHG. bisa, north wind, Arm.
biz northeast wind.]

1. A light, gentle wind; a fresh, soft-blowing wind.
Into a gradual calm the breezes sink. Wordsworth.

2. An excited or ruffed state of feeling; a flurry of excitement; a
disturbance; a quarrel; as, the discovery produced a breeze.
[Colloq.] Land breeze, a wind blowing from the land, generally at
night.
 -- Sea breeze, a breeze or wind blowing, generally in the daytime,
from the sea.

BREEZE
Breeze, n. Etym: [F. braise cinders, live coals. See Brasier.]

1. Refuse left in the process of making coke or burning charcoal.

2. (Brickmaking)

Defn: Refuse coal, coal ashes, and cinders, used in the burning of
bricks.

BREEZE
Breeze, v. i.

Defn: To blow gently. [R.] J. Barlow. To breeze up (Naut.), to blow
with increasing freshness.

BREEZELESS
Breeze"less, a.

Defn: Motionless; destitute of breezes.
A stagnant, breezeless air becalms my soul. Shenstone.

BREEZINESS
Breez"i*ness, n.

Defn: State of being breezy.

BREEZY
Breez"y, a.

1. Characterized by, or having, breezes; airy. "A breezy day in May."
Coleridge.
'Mid lawns and shades by breezy rivulets fanned. Wordsworth.

2. Fresh; brisk; full of life. [Colloq.]

BREGMA
Breg"ma, n. Etym: [Gr. bregma.] (Anat.)

Defn: The point of junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures of
the skull.

BREGMATIC
Breg*mat"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the bregma.

BREHON
Bre"hon, n. Etym: [Ir. breitheamh judge.]

Defn: An ancient Irish or Scotch judge. Brehon laws, the ancient
Irish laws, -- unwritten, like the common law of England. They were
abolished by statute of Edward III.

BRELAN
Bre*lan", n. [F.] (Card Playing)
 (a) A French gambling game somewhat like poker.
 (b) In French games, a pair royal, or triplet.

BRELAN CARRE
Bre*lan" car`re". [F. carré square.] (Card Playing)

Defn: In French games, a double pair royal.

BRELAN FAVORI
Bre*lan" fa`vo`ri". [F. favori favorite.] (Card Playing)

Defn: In French games, a pair royal composed of 2 cards in the hand
and the card turned.

BRELOQUE
Bre*loque", n. [F.]

Defn: A seal or charm for a watch chain. "His chains and breloques."
Thackeray.

BREME
Breme, a. Etym: [OE. breme, brime, fierce, impetuous, glorious, AS.
breme, br, famous. Cf. Brim, a.]

1. Fierce; sharp; severe; cruel. [Obs.] Spenser.
From the septentrion cold, in the breme freezing air. Drayton.

2. Famous; renowned; well known. Wright. [Written also brim and
brimme.]

BREN; BRENNE
Bren, Bren"ne, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Brent (p. pr. & vb. n.
Brenning.] Etym: [See Burn.]

Defn: To burn. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Consuming fire brent his shearing house or stall. W. Browne.

BREN
Bren, n.

Defn: Bran. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BRENNAGE
Bren"nage, n. Etym: [OF. brenage; cf. LL. brennagium, brenagium. See
Bran.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: A tribute which tenants paid to their lord, in lieu of bran,
which they were obliged to furnish for his hounds.

BRENNINGLY
Bren"ning*ly, adv.

Defn: Burningly; ardently. [Obs.]

BRENT; BRANT
Brent, Brant, a. Etym: [AS. brant; akin to Dan. brat, Icel. brattr,
steep.]

1. Steep; high. [Obs.]
Grapes grow on the brant rocks so wonderfully that ye will marvel how
any man dare climb up to them. Ascham.

2. Smooth; unwrinkled. [Scot.]
Your bonnie brow was brent. Burns.

BRENT
Brent, imp. & p.p.

Defn: of Bren. Burnt. [Obs.]

BRENT
Brent, n. Etym: [Cf. Brant.]

Defn: A brant. See Brant.

BREQUET CHAIN
Breq"uet chain`.

Defn: A watch-guard.

BRERE
Brere, n.

Defn: A brier. [Archaic] Chaucer.

BREST
Brest, 3d sing.pr.

Defn: for Bursteth. [Obs.]

BREST; BREAST
Brest, Breast, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A torus. [Obs.]

BRESTE
Bres"te, v. t. & i. [imp. Brast; p. p. Brusten, Borsten, Bursten.]

Defn: To burst. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BRESTSUMMER
Brest"sum`mer, n.

Defn: See Breastsummer.

BRET
Bret, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Birt.

BRETFUL
Bret"ful, a. Etym: [OE. also brerdful, fr. brerd top, brim, AS.
brerd.]

Defn: Brimful. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BRETHREN
Breth"ren, n.;

Defn: pl. of Brother.

Note: This form of the plural is used, for the most part, in solemn
address, and in speaking of religious sects or fraternities, or their
members.

BRETON
Bret"on, a. Etym: [F. breton.]

Defn: Of or relating to Brittany, or Bretagne, in France.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Brittany, or Bretagne, in France;
also, the ancient language of Brittany; Armorican.

BRETT
Brett, n.

Defn: Same as Britzska.

BRETTICE
Bret"tice, n.; pl. Brettices. Etym: [OE. bretasce, bretage, parapet,
OF. bretesche wooden tower, F. bretèche, LL. breteschia, bertresca,
prob. fr. OHG. bret, G. brett board; akin to E. board. See Board, n.,
and cf. Bartizan.]

Defn: The wooden boarding used in supporting the roofs and walls of
coal mines. See Brattice.

BRETWALDA
Bret"wal*da, n. Etym: [AS. Bretwalda, br, a powerful ruler.] (Eng.
Hist.)

Defn: The official title applied to that one of the Anglo-Saxon
chieftains who was chosen by the other chiefs to lead them in their
warfare against the British tribes. Brande & C.

BRETZEL
Bret"zel, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: See Pretzel.

BREVE
Breve, n. Etym: [It. & (in sense 2) LL. breve, fr. L. brevis short.
See Brief.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A note or character of time, equivalent to two semibreves or
four minims. When dotted, it is equal to three semibreves. It was
formerly of a square figure (as thus: Moore.

2. (Law)

Defn: Any writ or precept under seal, issued out of any court.

3. (Print.)

Defn: A curved mark [˘] used commonly to indicate the short
quantity of a vowel.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The great ant thrush of Sumatra (Pitta gigas), which has a very
short tail.

BREVET
Bre*vet", n. Etym: [F. brevet, LL. brevetum, fr. L. brevis short. See
Brief.]

1. A warrant from the government, granting a privilege, title, or
dignity. [French usage].

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A commission giving an officer higher rank than that for which
he receives pay; an honorary promotion of an officer.

Note: In the United States army, rank by brevet is conferred, by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate, for "gallant actions or
meritorious services." A brevet rank gives no right of command in the
particular corps to which the officer brevetted belongs, and can be
exercised only by special assignment of the President, or on court
martial, and detachments composed of different corps, with pay of the
brevet rank when on such duty.

BREVET
Bre*vet", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brevetted (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Brevetting.] (Mil.)

Defn: To confer rank upon by brevet.

BREVET
Bre*vet", a. (Mil.)

Defn: Taking or conferring rank by brevet; as, a brevet colonel; a
brevet commission.

BREVETCY
Bre*vet"cy, n.; pl. Brevetcies (. (Mil.)

Defn: The rank or condition of a brevet officer.

BREVIARY
Bre"vi*a*ry, n.; pl. Breviaries (. Etym: [F. bréviarie, L. breviarium
summary, abridgment, neut. noun fr. breviarius abridged, fr. brevis
short. See Brief, and cf. Brevier.]

1. An abridgment; a compend; an epitome; a brief account or summary.
A book entitled the abridgment or breviary of those roots that are to
be cut up or gathered. Holland.

2. A book containing the daily public or canonical prayers of the
Roman Catholic or of the Greek Church for the seven canonical hours,
namely, matins and lauds, the first, third, sixth, and ninth hours,
vespers, and compline; -- distinguished from the missal.

BREVIATE
Bre"vi*ate, n. Etym: [L. breviatus, p.p. of breviare to shorten,
brevis short.]

1. A short compend; a summary; a brief statement.
I omit in this breviate to rehearse. Hakluyt.
The same little breviates of infidelity have . . . been published and
dispersed with great activity. Bp. Porteus.

2. A lawyer's brief. [R.] Hudibras.

BREVIATE
Bre"vi*ate, v. t.

Defn: To abbreviate. [Obs.]

BREVIATURE
Bre"vi*a*ture, n.

Defn: An abbreviature; an abbreviation. [Obs.] Johnson.

BREVIER
Bre*vier", n. Etym: [Prob. from being originally used in printing a
breviary. See Breviary.] (Print.)

Defn: A size of type between bourgeous and minion.

Note: This line is printed in brevier type.

BREVILOQUENCE
Bre*vil"o*quence, n. Etym: [L. breviloquentia.]

Defn: A brief and pertinent mode of speaking. [R.]

BREVIPED
Brev"i*ped, a. Etym: [L. brevis short + pes, pedis, foot: cf. F.
brévipède.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having short legs.
 -- n.

Defn: A breviped bird.

BREVIPEN
Brev"i*pen, n. Etym: [L. brevis short + penna wing: cf. F.
brévipenne.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A brevipennate bird.

BREVIPENNATE
Brev`i*pen"nate, a. Etym: [L. brevis short + E. pennate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Short-winged; -- applied to birds which can not fly, owing to
their short wings, as the ostrich, cassowary, and emu.

BREVIROSTRAL; BREVIROSTRATE
Brev`i*ros"tral, Brev`i*ros"trate, a. Etym: [L. brevis short + E.
rostral, rostrate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Short-billed; having a short beak.

BREVITY
Brev"i*ty, n.; pl. Brevities. Etym: [L. brevitas, fr. brevis short:
cf. F. brièvité. See Brief.]

1. Shortness of duration; briefness of time; as, the brevity of human
life.

2. Contraction into few words; conciseness.
Brevity is the soul of wit. Shak.
This argument is stated by St. John with his usual elegant brevity
and simplicity. Bp. Porteus.

Syn.
 -- Shortness; conciseness; succinctness; terseness.

BREW
Brew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brewed; p. pr. & vb. n. Brewing.] Etym:
[OE. brewen, AS. breówan; akin to D. brouwen, OHG. priuwan, MHG.
briuwen, br, G. brauen, Icel. brugga, Sw. brygga, Dan. brygge, and
perh. to L. defrutum must boiled down, Gr. to prepare by heat. sq.
root93. Cf. Broth, Bread.]

1. To boil or seethe; to cook. [Obs.]

2. To prepare, as beer or other liquor, from malt and hops, or from
other materials, by steeping, boiling, and fermentation. "She brews
good ale." Shak.

3. To prepare by steeping and mingling; to concoct.
Go, brew me a pottle of sack finely. Shak.

4. To foment or prepare, as by brewing; to contrive; to plot; to
concoct; to hatch; as, to brew mischief.
Hence with thy brewed enchantments, foul deceiver! Milton.

BREW
Brew, v. i.

1. To attend to the business, or go through the processes, of brewing
or making beer.
I wash, wring, brew, bake, scour. Shak.

2. To be in a state of preparation; to be mixing, forming, or
gathering; as, a storm brews in the west.
There is some ill a-brewing towards my rest. Shak.

BREW
Brew, n.

Defn: The mixture formed by brewing; that which is brewed. Bacon.

BREWAGE
Brew"age, n.

Defn: Malt liquor; drink brewed. "Some well-spiced brewage." Milton.
A rich brewage, made of the best Spanish wine. Macaulay.

BREWER
Brew"er, n.

Defn: One who brews; one whose occupation is to prepare malt liquors.

BREWERY
Brew"er*y, n.

Defn: A brewhouse; the building and apparatus where brewing is
carried on.

BREWHOUSE
Brew"house`, n.

Defn: A house or building appropriated to brewing; a brewery.

BREWING
Brew"ing, n.

1. The act or process of preparing liquors which are brewed, as beer
and ale.

2. The quantity brewed at once.
A brewing of new beer, set by old beer. Bacon.

3. A mixing together.
I am not able to avouch anything for certainty, such a brewing and
sophistication of them they make. Holland.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A gathering or forming of a storm or squall, indicated by
thick, dark clouds.

BREWIS
Brew"is, n. Etym: [OE. brewis, brouwys, browesse, brewet, OF. brouet,
-s being the OF. ending of the nom. sing. and acc. pl.; dim. of OHG.
brod. sq. root93. See Broth, and cf. Brose.]

1. Broth or pottage. [Obs.]
Let them of their Bonner's "beef" and "broth" make what brewis they
please for their credulous guests. Bp. Hall.

2. Bread soaked in broth, drippings of roast meat, milk, or water and
butter.

BREWSTERITE
Brews"ter*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Sir David Brewster.]

Defn: A rare zeolitic mineral occurring in white monoclinic crystals
with pearly luster. It is a hydrous silicate of aluminia, baryta, and
strontia.

BREZILIN
Brez"i*lin, n.

Defn: See Brazilin.

BRIAR
Bri"ar, n.

Defn: Same as Brier.

BRIAREAN
Bri*a"re*an, a. Etym: [L. Briareius, fr. Briareus a mythological
hundred-handed giant, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, Briareus, a giant fabled to have
a hundred hands; hence, hundred-handed or many-handed.

BRIBABLE
Brib"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being bribed.
A more bribable class of electors. S. Edwards.

BRIBE
Bribe, n. Etym: [F. bribe a lump of bread, scraps, leavings of meals
(that are generally given to a beggar), LL. briba scrap of bread; cf.
OF. briber, brifer, to eat gluttonously, to beg, and OHG. bilibi
food.]

1. A gift begged; a present. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A price, reward, gift, or favor bestowed or promised with a view
to prevent the judgment or corrupt the conduct of a judge, witness,
voter, or other person in a position of trust.
Undue reward for anything against justice is a bribe. Hobart.

3. That which seduces; seduction; allurement.
Not the bribes of sordid wealth can seduce to leave these
everAkenside.

BRIBE
Bribe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bribed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bribing.]

1. To rob or steal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To give or promise a reward or consideration to (a judge, juror,
legislator, voter, or other person in a position of trust) with a
view to prevent the judgment or corrupt the conduct; to induce or
influence by a bribe; to give a bribe to.
Neither is he worthy who bribes a man to vote against his conscience.
F. W. Robertson.

3. To gain by a bribe; of induce as by a bribe.

BRIBE
Bribe, v. i.

1. To commit robbery or theft. [Obs.]

2. To give a bribe to a person; to pervert the judgment or corrupt
the action of a person in a position of trust, by some gift or
promise.
An attempt to bribe, though unsuccessful, has been holden to be
criminal, and the offender may be indicted. Bouvier.
The bard may supplicate, but cannot bribe. Goldsmith.

BRIBELESS
Bribe"less, a.

Defn: Incapable of being bribed; free from bribes.
From thence to heaven's bribeless hall. Sir W. Raleigh.

BRIBER
Brib"er, n.

1. A thief. [Obs.] Lydgate.

2. One who bribes, or pays for corrupt practices.

3. That which bribes; a bribe.
His service . . . were a sufficient briber for his life. Shak.

BRIBERY
Brib"er*y, n.; pl. Briberies. Etym: [OE. brybery rascality, OF.
briberie. See Bribe, n.]

1. Robbery; extortion. [Obs.]

2. The act or practice of giving or taking bribes; the act of
influencing the official or political action of another by corrupt
inducements. Bribery oath, an oath taken by a person that he has not
been bribed as to voting. [Eng.]

BRIC-A BRAC; BRIC-A-BRAC; BRIC A BRAC
Bric"-a brac`, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Miscellaneous curiosities and works of decorative art,
considered collectively. A piece of bric-a-brac, any curious or
antique article of virtu, as a piece of antiquated furniture or metal
work, or an odd knickknack.

BRICK
Brick, n. Etym: [OE. brik, F. brique; of Ger. origin; cf. AS. brice a
breaking, fragment, Prov. E. brique piece, brique de pain, equiv. to
AS. hlafes brice, fr. the root of E. break. See Break.]

1. A block or clay tempered with water, sand, etc., molded into a
regular form, usually rectangular, and sun-dried, or burnt in a kiln,
or in a heap or stack called a clamp.
The Assyrians appear to have made much less use of bricks baked in
the furnace than the Babylonians. Layard.

2. Bricks, collectively, as designating that kind of material; as, a
load of brick; a thousand of brick.
Some of Palladio's finest examples are of brick. Weale.

3. Any oblong rectangular mass; as, a brick of maple sugar; a penny
brick (of bread).

4. A good fellow; a merry person; as, you 're a brick. [Slang] "He 's
a dear little brick." Thackeray. To have a brick in one's hat, to be
drunk. [Slang]

Note: Brick is used adjectively or in combination; as, brick wall;
brick clay; brick color; brick red. Brick clay, clay suitable for, or
used in making, bricks.
 -- Brick dust, dust of pounded or broken bricks.
 -- Brick earth, clay or earth suitable for, or used in making,
bricks.
 -- Brick loaf, a loaf of bread somewhat resembling a brick in shape.
 -- Brick nogging (Arch.), rough brickwork used to fill in the spaces
between the uprights of a wooden partition; brick filling.
 -- Brick tea, tea leaves and young shoots, or refuse tea, steamed or
mixed with fat, etc., and pressed into the form of bricks. It is used
in Northern and Central Asia. S. W. Williams.
 -- Brick trimmer (Arch.), a brick arch under a hearth, usually
within the thickness of a wooden floor, to guard against accidents by
fire.
 -- Brick trowel. See Trowel.
 -- Brick works, a place where bricks are made.
 -- Bath brick. See under Bath, a city.
 -- Pressed brick, bricks which, before burning, have been subjected
to pressure, to free them from the imperfections of shape and texture
which are common in molded bricks.

BRICK
Brick, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bricked; p. pr. & vb. n. Bricking.]

1. To lay or pave with bricks; to surround, line, or construct with
bricks.

2. To imitate or counterfeit a brick wall on, as by smearing plaster
with red ocher, making the joints with an edge tool, and pointing
them. To brick up, to fill up, inclose, or line, with brick.

BRICKBAT
Brick"bat`, n.

Defn: A piece or fragment of a brick. See Bat, 4. Bacon.

BRICKFIELDER
Brick"field`er, n. [Australia]

1.

Defn: Orig., at Sydney, a cold and violent south or southwest wind,
rising suddenly, and regularly preceded by a hot wind from the north;
-- now usually called southerly buster. It blew across the
Brickfields, formerly so called, a district of Sydney, and carried
clouds of dust into the city.

2.  By confusion, a midsummer hot wind from the north.

BRICKKILN
Brick"kiln`, n.

Defn: A kiln, or furnace, in which bricks are baked or burnt; or a
pile of green bricks, laid loose, with arches underneath to receive
the wood or fuel for burning them.

BRICKLAYER
Brick"lay`er, n. Etym: [Brick + lay.]

Defn: One whose pccupation is to build with bricks. Bricklayer's
itch. See under Itch.

BRICKLAYING
Brick"lay`ing, n.

Defn: The art of building with bricks, or of uniting them by cement
or mortar into various forms; the act or occupation of laying bricks.

BRICKLE
Bric"kle, a. Etym: [OE. brekil, brokel, bruchel, fr. AS. brecan, E.
break. Cf. Brittle.]

Defn: Brittle; easily broken. [Obs. or Prov.] Spenser.
As stubborn steel excels the brickle glass. Turbervile.

BRICKLENESS
Bric"kle*ness, n.

Defn: Brittleness. [Obs.]

BRICKMAKER
Brick"mak`er, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to make bricks.
 -- Brick"mak*ing, n.

BRICKWORK
Brick"work`, n.

1. Anything made of bricks.
Niches in brickwork form the most difficult part of the bricklayer's
art. Tomlinson.

2. The act of building with or laying bricks.

BRICKY
Brick"y, a.

Defn: Full of bricks; formed of bricks; resembling bricks or brick
dust. [R.] Spenser.

BRICKYARD
Brick"yard`, n.

Defn: A place where bricks are made, especially an inclosed place.

BRICOLE
Bri*cole", n. Etym: [F.] (Mil.)

Defn: A kind of traces with hooks and rings, with which men drag and
maneuver guns where horses can not be used.

BRID
Brid, n.

Defn: A bird. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BRIDAL
Brid"al, a. Etym: [From Bride. Cf. Bridal, n.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a bride, or to wedding; nuptial; as, bridal
ornaments; a bridal outfit; a bridal chamber.

BRIDAL
Brid"al, n. Etym: [OE. bridale, brudale, AS. br brideale, bridal
feast. See Bride, and Ale, 2.]

Defn: A nuptia; festival or ceremony; a marriage.
Sweet day, so cool, so calm, so bright, The bridal of the earth and
sky. Herbert.

BRIDALTY
Brid"al*ty, n.

Defn: Celebration of the nuptial feast. [Obs.] "In honor of this
bridalty." B. Jonson.

BRIDE
Bride, n. Etym: [OE. bride, brid, brude, brud, burd, AS. br; akin to
OFries. breid, OSax. br, D. bruid, OHG. pr, br, G. braut, Icel. br,
Sw. & Dan. brud, Goth. br33s; cf. Armor. pried spouse, W. priawd a
married person.]

1. A woman newly married, or about to be married.
Has by his own experience tried How much the wife is dearer than the
bride. Lyttleton.
I will show thee the bride, the Lamb's wife. Rev. xxi. 9.

2. Fig.: An object ardently loved. Bride of the sea, the city of
Venice.

BRIDE
Bride, v. t.

Defn: To make a bride of. [Obs.]

BRIDE-ALE
Bride"-ale`, n. Etym: [See Bridal.]

Defn: A rustic wedding feast; a bridal. See Ale.
The man that 's bid to bride-ale, if he ha' cake, And drink enough,
he need not fear his stake. B. Jonson.

BRIDEBED
Bride"bed`, n.

Defn: The marriage bed. [Poetic]

BRIDECAKE
Bride"cake`, n.

Defn: Rich or highly ornamented cake, to be distributed to the guests
at a wedding, or sent to friends after the wedding.

BRIDECHAMBER
Bride"cham`ber, n.

Defn: The nuptial appartment. Matt. ix. 15.

BRIDEGROOM
Bride"groom`, n. Etym: [OE. bridegome, brudgume, AS. br (akin to OS.
br, D. bruidegom, bruigom, OHG. pr, MHG. briutegome, G. bräutigam);
AS. br bride + guma man, akin to Goth. guma, Icel. gumi, OHG. gomo,
L. homo; the insertion of r being caused by confusion with groom. See
Bride, and cf. Groom, Homage.]

Defn: A man newly married, or just about to be married.

BRIDEKNOT
Bride"knot`, n.

Defn: A knot of ribbons worn by a guest at a wedding; a wedding
favor. [Obs.]

BRIDEMAID; BRIDEMAN
Bride"maid`, n., Bride"man (, n.

Defn: See Bridesmaid, Bridesman.

BRIDESMAID
Brides"maid`, n.

Defn: A female friend who attends on a bride at her wedding.

BRIDESMAN
Brides"man, n.; pl. Bridesmen (.

Defn: A male friend who attends upon a bridegroom and bride at their
marriage; the "best man." Sir W. Scott.

BRIDESTAKE
Bride"stake`, n.

Defn: A stake or post set in the ground, for guests at a wedding to
dance round.
Divide the broad bridecake Round about the bridestake. B. Jonson.

BRIDEWELL
Bride"well, n.

Defn: A house of correction for the confinement of disorderly
persons; -- so called from a hospital built in 1553 near St. Bride's
(or Bridget's) well, in London, which was subsequently a penal
workhouse.

BRIDGE
Bridge, n. Etym: [OE. brig, brigge, brug, brugge, AS. brycg, bricg;
akin to Fries. bregge, D. brug, OHG. bruccu, G. brücke, Icel. bryggja
pier, bridge, Sw. brygga, Dan. brygge, and prob. Icel. br bridge, Sw.
& Dan. bro bridge, pavement, and possibly to E. brow.]

1. A structure, usually of wood, stone, brick, or iron, erected over
a river or other water course, or over a chasm, railroad, etc., to
make a passageway from one bank to the other.

2. Anything supported at the ends, which serves to keep some other
thing from resting upon the object spanned, as in engraving,
watchmaking, etc., or which forms a platform or staging over which
something passes or is conveyed.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: The small arch or bar at right angles to the strings of a
violin, guitar, etc., serving of raise them and transmit their
vibrations to the body of the instrument.

4. (Elec.)

Defn: A device to measure the resistance of a wire or other conductor
forming part of an electric circuit.

5. A low wall or vertical partition in the fire chamber of a furnace,
for deflecting flame, etc.; -- usually called a bridge wall. Aqueduct
bridge. See Aqueduct.
 -- Asses' bridge, Bascule bridge, Bateau bridge. See under Ass,
Bascule, Bateau.
 -- Bridge of a steamer (Naut.), a narrow platform across the deck,
above the rail, for the convenience of the officer in charge of the
ship; in paddlewheel vessels it connects the paddle boxes.
 -- Bridge of the nose, the upper, bony part of the nose.
 -- Cantalever bridge. See under Cantalever.
 -- Draw bridge. See Drawbridge.
 -- Flying bridge, a temporary bridge suspended or floating, as for
the passage of armies; also, a floating structure connected by a
cable with an anchor or pier up stream, and made to pass from bank to
bank by the action of the current or other means.
 -- Girder bridge or Truss bridge, a bridge formed by girders, or by
trusses resting upon abutments or piers.
 -- Lattice bridge, a bridge formed by lattice girders.
 -- Pontoon bridge, Ponton bridge. See under Pontoon.
 -- Skew bridge, a bridge built obliquely from bank to bank, as
sometimes required in railway engineering.
 -- Suspension bridge. See under Suspension.
 -- Trestle bridge, a bridge formed of a series of short, simple
girders resting on trestles.
 -- Tubular bridge, a bridge in the form of a hollow trunk or
rectangular tube, with cellular walls made of iron plates riveted
together, as the Britannia bridge over the Menai Strait, and the
Victoria bridge at Montreal.
 -- Wheatstone's bridge (Elec.), a device for the measurement of
resistances, so called because the balance between the resistances to
be measured is indicated by the absence of a current in a certain
wire forming a bridge or connection between two points of the
apparatus; -- invented by Sir Charles Wheatstone.

BRIDGE
Bridge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bridged (; p. pr. & vb. n. Bridging.]

1. To build a bridge or bridges on or over; as, to bridge a river.
Their simple engineering bridged with felled trees the streams which
could not be forded. Palfrey.

2. To open or make a passage, as by a bridge.
Xerxes . . . over Hellespont Bridging his way, Europe with Asia
joined. Milton.

3. To find a way of getting over, as a difficulty; -- generally with
over.

BRIDGEBOARD
Bridge"board`, n.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A notched board to which the treads and risers of the steps of
wooden stairs are fastened.

2. A board or plank used as a bridge.

BRIDGEHEAD
Bridge"head`, n.

Defn: A fortification commanding the extremity of a bridge nearest
the enemy, to insure the preservation and usefulness of the bridge,
and prevent the enemy from crossing; a tête-de-pont.

BRIDGEING; BRIDGING
Bridge"ing, Bridg"ing, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The system of bracing used between floor or other timbers to
distribute the weight. Bridging joist. Same as Binding joist.

BRIDGELESS
Bridge"less, a.

Defn: Having no bridge; not bridged.

BRIDGEPOT
Bridge"pot`, n. (Mining)

Defn: The adjustable socket, or step, of a millstone spindle. Knight.

BRIDGETREE
Bridge"tree`, n. Etym: [Bridge + tree a beam.] (Mining)

Defn: The beam which supports the spindle socket of the runner in a
grinding mill. Knight.

BRIDGE-WARD
Bridge"-ward`, n.

1. A bridge keeper; a warden or a guard for a bridge. [Obs.] Sir W.
Scott.

2. The principal ward of a key. Knight.

BRIDGEY
Bridge"y, a.

Defn: Full of bridges. [R.] Sherwood.

BRIDLE
Bri"dle, n. Etym: [OE. bridel, AS. bridel; akin to OHG. britil,
brittil, D. breidel, and possibly to E. braid. Cf. Bridoon.]

1. The head gear with which a horse is governed and restrained,
consisting of a headstall, a bit, and reins, with other appendages.

2. A restraint; a curb; a check. I. Watts.

3. (Gun.)

Defn: The piece in the interior of a gun lock, which holds in place
the timbler, sear, etc.

4. (Naut.)
(a) A span of rope, line, or chain made fast as both ends, so that
another rope, line, or chain may be attached to its middle.
(b) A mooring hawser. Bowline bridle. See under Bowline.
 -- Branches of a bridle. See under Branch.
 -- Bridle cable (Naut.), a cable which is bent to a bridle. See 4,
above.
 -- Bridle hand, the hand which holds the bridle in riding; the left
hand.
 -- Bridle path, Bridle way, a path or way for saddle horses and pack
horses, as distinguished from a road for vehicles.
 -- Bridle port (Naut.), a porthole or opening in the bow through
which hawsers, mooring or bridle cables, etc., are passed.
 -- Bridle rein, a rein attached to the bit.
 -- Bridle road. (a) Same as Bridle path. Lowell. (b) A road in a
pleasure park reserved for horseback exercise.
 -- Bridle track, a bridle path.
 -- Scolding bridle. See Branks, 2.

Syn.
 -- A check; restrain.

BRIDLE
Bri"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bridled; p. pr. & vb. n. Bridling.]

1. To put a bridle upon; to equip with a bridle; as, to bridle a
horse.
He bridled her mouth with a silkweed twist. Drake.

2. To restrain, guide, or govern, with, or as with, a bridle; to
check, curb, or control; as, to bridle the passions; to bridle a
muse. Addison.
Savoy and Nice, the keys of Italy, and the citadel in her hands to
bridle Switzerland, are in that consolidation. Burke.

Syn.
 -- To check; restrain; curb; govern; control; repress; master;
subdue.

BRIDLE
Bri"dle, v. i.

Defn: To hold up the head, and draw in the chin, as an expression of
pride, scorn, or resentment; to assume a lofty manner; -- usually
with up. "His bridling neck." Wordsworth.
By her bridling up I perceived she expected to be treated hereafter
not as Jenny Distaff, but Mrs. Tranquillus. Tatler.

BRIDLE IRON
Bri"dle i`ron. (Arch.)

Defn: A strong flat bar of iron, so bent as to support, as in a
stirrup, one end of a floor timber, etc., where no sufficient bearing
can be had; -- called also stirrup and hanger.

BRIDLER
Bri"dler, n.

Defn: One who bridles; one who restrains and governs, as with a
bridle. Milton.

BRIDOON
Bri*doon", n. Etym: [F. bridon, from bride; of German origin. See
Bridle, n.] (Mil.)

Defn: The snaffle and rein of a military bridle, which acts
independently of the bit, at the pleasure of the rider. It is used in
connection with a curb bit, which has its own rein. Campbell.

BRIE CHEESE
Brie" cheese".

Defn: A kind of soft French cream cheese; -- so called from the
district in France where it is made; --called also fromage de Brie.

BRIEF
Brief, a. Etym: [OE. bref, F. brief, bref, fr. L. brevis; akin to Gr.
barh to tear. Cf. Breve.]

1. Short in duration.
How brief the life of man. Shak.

2. Concise; terse; succinct.
The brief style is that which expresseth much in little. B. Jonson.

3. Rife; common; prevalent. [Prov. Eng.] In brief. See under Brief,
n.

Syn.
 -- Short; concise; succinct; summary; compendious; condensed; terse;
curt; transistory; short-lived.

BRIEF
Brief, adv.

1. Briefly. [Obs. or Poetic]
Adam, faltering long, thus answered brief. Milton.

2. Soon; quickly. [Obs.] Shak.

BRIEF
Brief, n. Etym: [See Brief, a., and cf. Breve.]

1. A short concise writing or letter; a statement in few words.
Bear this sealed brief, With winged hastle, to the lord marshal.
Shak.
And she told me In a sweet, verbal brief. Shak.

2. An epitome.
Each woman is a brief of womankind. Overbury.

3. (Law)

Defn: An abridgment or concise statement of a client's case, made out
for the instruction of counsel in a trial at law. This word is
applied also to a statement of the heads or points of a law argument.
It was not without some reference to it that I perused many a brief.
Sir J. Stephen.

Note: In England, the brief is prepared by the attorney; in the
United States, counsel generally make up their own briefs.

4. (Law)

Defn: A writ; a breve. See Breve, n., 2.

5. (Scots Law)

Defn: A writ issuing from the chancery, directed to any judge
ordinary, commanding and authorizing that judge to call a jury to
inquire into the case, and upon their verdict to pronounce sentence.

6. A letter patent, from proper authority, authorizing a collection
or charitable contribution of money in churches, for any public or
private purpose. [Eng.] Apostolical brief, a letter of the pope
written on fine parchment in modern characters, subscribed by the
secretary of briefs, dated "a die Nativitatis," i. e., "from the day
of the Nativity," and sealed with the ring of the fisherman. It
differs from a bull, in its parchment, written character, date, and
seal. See Bull.
 -- Brief of title, an abstract or abridgment of all the deeds and
other papers constituting the chain of title to any real estate.
 -- In brief, in a few words; in short; briefly. "Open the matter in
brief." Shak.

BRIEF
Brief, v. t.

Defn: To make an abstract or abridgment of; to shorten; as, to brief
pleadings.

BRIEFLESS
Brief"less, a.

Defn: Having no brief; without clients; as, a briefless barrister.

BRIEFLY
Brief"ly, adv.

Defn: Concisely; in few words.

BRIEFMAN
Brief"man, n.

1. One who makes a brief.

2. A copier of a manuscript.

BRIEFNESS
Brief"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being brief; brevity; conciseness in discourse
or writing.

BRIER; BRIAR
Bri"er, Bri"ar, n. Etym: [OE. brere, brer, AS. brer, brær; cf. Ir.
briar prickle, thorn, brier, pin, Gael. preas bush, brier, W. prys,
prysg.]

1. A plant with a slender woody stem bearing stout prickles;
especially, species of Rosa, Rubus, and Smilax.

2. Fig.: Anything sharp or unpleasant to the feelings.
The thorns and briers of reproof. Cowper.
Brier root, the root of the southern Smilax laurifolia and S.
Walleri; -- used for tobacco pipes.
 -- Cat brier, Green brier, several species of Smilax (S.
rotundifolia, etc.) -- Sweet brier (Rosa rubiginosa). See Sweetbrier.
 -- Yellow brier, the Rosa Eglantina.

BRIERED
Bri"ered, a.

Defn: Set with briers. Chatterton.

BRIERY
Bri"er*y, a.

Defn: Full of briers; thorny.

BRIERY
Bri"er*y, n.

Defn: A place where briers grow. Huloet.

BRIG
Brig, n.

Defn: A bridge. [Scot.] Burns.

BRIG
Brig, n. Etym: [Shortened from Brigantine.] (Naut.)

Defn: A two-masted, square-rigged vessel. Hermaphrodite brig, a two-
masted vessel square-rigged forward and schooner-rigged aft. See
Illustration in Appendix.

BRIGADE
Bri*gade", n. Etym: [F. brigade, fr. It. brigata troop, crew,
brigade, originally, a contending troop, fr. briga trouble, quarrel.
See Brigand.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A body of troops, whether cavalry, artillery, infantry, or
mixed, consisting of two or more regiments, under the command of a
brigadier general.

Note: Two or more brigades constitute a division, commanded by a
major general; two or more divisions constitute an army corps, or
corps d'armée. [U.S.]

2. Any body of persons organized for acting or marching together
under authority; as, a fire brigade. Brigade inspector, an officer
whose duty is to inspect troops in companies before they are mustered
into service.
 -- Brigade major, an officer who may be attached to a brigade to
assist the brigadier in his duties.

BRIGADE
Bri*gade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brigaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Brigading.]
(Mil.)

Defn: To form into a brigade, or into brigades.

BRIGADIER GENERAL
Brig`a*dier" gen"er*al. Etym: [F. brigadier, fr. brigade.] (Mil.)

Defn: An officer in rank next above a colonel, and below a major
general. He commands a brigade, and is sometimes called, by a
shortening of his title, simple a brigadier.

BRIGAND
Brig"and, n. Etym: [F. brigand, OF. brigant light-armed soldier, fr.
LL. brigans light-armed soldier (cf. It. brigante.) fr. brigare to
strive, contend, fr. briga quarrel; prob. of German origin, and akin
to E. break; cf. Goth. brikan to break, brakja strife. Cf. Brigue.]

1. A light-armed, irregular foot soldier. [Obs.]

2. A lawless fellow who lives by plunder; one of a band of robbers;
especially, one of a gang living in mountain retreats; a highwayman;
a freebooter.
Giving them not a little the air of brigands or banditti. Jeffery.

BRIGANDAGE
Brig"and*age, n. Etym: [F. brigandage.]

Defn: Life and practice of brigands; highway robbery; plunder.

BRIGANDINE
Brig"an*dine, n. Etym: [F. brigandine (cf. It. brigantina), fr. OF.
brigant. See Brigand.]

Defn: A coast of armor for the body, consisting of scales or plates,
sometimes overlapping each other, generally of metal, and sewed to
linen or other material. It was worn in the Middle Ages. [Written
also brigantine.] Jer. xlvi. 4.
Then put on all thy gorgeous arms, thy helmet, And brigandine of
brass. Milton.

BRIGANDISH
Brig"and*ish, a.

Defn: Like a brigand or freebooter; robberlike.

BRIGANDISM
Brig"and*ism, n.

Defn: Brigandage.

BRIGANTINE
Brig"an*tine, n. Etym: [F. brigantin, fr. It. brigantino, originally,
a practical vessel. See Brigand, and cf. Brig]

1. A practical vessel. [Obs.]

2. A two-masted, square-rigged vessel, differing from a brig in that
she does not carry a square mainsail.

3. See Brigandine.

BRIGGE
Brig"ge, n.

Defn: A bridge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BRIGHT
Bright, v. i.

Defn: See Brite, v. i.

BRIGHT
Bright, a. Etym: [OE. briht, AS. beorht, briht; akin to OS. berht,
OHG. beraht, Icel. bjartr, Goth. baírhts. sq. root94.]

1. Radiating or reflecting light; shedding or having much light;
shining; luminous; not dark.
The sun was bright o'erhead. Longfellow.
The earth was dark, but the heavens were bright. Drake.
The public places were as bright as at noonday. Macaulay.

2. Transmitting light; clear; transparent.
From the brightest wines He 'd turn abhorrent. Thomson.

3. Having qualities that render conspicuous or attractive, or that
affect the mind as light does the eye; resplendent with charms; as,
bright beauty.
Bright as an angel new-dropped from the sky. Parnell.

4. Having a clear, quick intellect; intelligent.

5. Sparkling with wit; lively; vivacious; shedding cheerfulness and
joy around; cheerful; cheery.
Be bright and jovial among your guests. Shak.

6. Illustrious; glorious.
In the brightest annals of a female reign. Cotton.

7. Manifest to the mind, as light is to the eyes; clear; evident;
plain.
That he may with more ease, with brighter evidence, and with surer
success, draw the bearner on. I. Watts.

8. Of brilliant color; of lively hue or appearance.
Here the bright crocus and blue violet grew. Pope.

Note: Bright is used in composition in the sense of brilliant, clear,
sunny, etc.; as, bright-eyed, bright-haired, bright-hued.

Syn.
 -- Shining; splending; luminous; lustrous; brilliant; resplendent;
effulgent; refulgent; radiant; sparkling; glittering; lucid; beamy;
clear; transparent; illustrious; witty; clear; vivacious; sunny.

BRIGHT
Bright, n.

Defn: Splendor; brightness. [Poetic]
Dark with excessive bright thy skirts appear. Milton.

BRIGHT
Bright, adv.

Defn: Brightly. Chaucer.
I say it is the moon that shines so bright. Shak.

BRIGHTEN
Bright"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brightened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Brightening.]

Note: [From Bright, a.]

1. To make bright or brighter; to make to shine; to increase the
luster of; to give a brighter hue to.

2. To make illustrious, or more distinguished; to add luster or
splendor to.
The present queen would brighten her character, if she would exert
her authority to instill virtues into her people. Swift.

3. To improve or relieve by dispelling gloom or removing that which
obscures and darkens; to shed light upon; to make cheerful; as, to
brighten one's prospects.
An ecstasy, which mothers only feel, Plays round my heart and
brightens all my sorrow. Philips.

4. To make acute or witty; to enliven. Johnson.

BRIGHTEN
Bright"en, v. i. Etym: [AS. beorhtan.]

Defn: To grow bright, or more bright; to become less dark or gloomy;
to clear up; to become bright or cheerful.
And night shall brighten into day. N. Cotton.
And, all his prospects brightening to the last, His heaven commences
ere world be past. Goldsmith.

BRIGHT-HARNESSED
Bright"-har`nessed, a.

Defn: Having glittering armor. [Poetic] Milton.

BRIGHTLY
Bright"ly, adv.

1. Brilliantly; splendidly; with luster; as, brightly shining armor.

2. With lively intelligence; intelligently.
Looking brightly into the mother's face. Hawthorne.

BRIGHTNESS
Bright"ness, n. Etym: [AS. beorhines. See Bright.]

1. The quality or state of being bright; splendor; luster;
brilliancy; clearness.
A sudden brightness in his face appear. Crabbe.

2. Acuteness (of the faculties); sharpness 9wit.
The brightness of his parts . . . distinguished him. Prior.

Syn.
 -- Splendor; luster; radiance; resplendence; brilliancy; effulgence;
glory; clearness.

BRIGHT'S DISEASE
Bright's" dis*ease". Etym: [From Dr. Bright of London, who first
described it.] (Med.)

Defn: An affection of the kidneys, usually inflammatory in character,
and distinguished by the occurrence of albumin and renal casts in the
urine. Several varieties of Bright's disease are now recognized,
differing in the part of the kidney involved, and in the intensity
and course of the morbid process.

BRIGHTSOME
Bright"some, a.

Defn: Bright; clear; luminous; brilliant. [R.] Marlowe.

BRIGOSE
Bri*gose", a. Etym: [LL. brigosus, It. brigoso. See Brigue, n.]

Defn: Contentious; quarrelsome. [Obs.] Puller.

BRIGUE
Brigue, n. Etym: [F. brigue, fr. LL. briga quarrel. See Brigand.]

Defn: A cabal, intrigue, faction, contention, strife, or quarrel.
[Obs.] Chesterfield.

BRIGUE
Brigue, v. i. Etym: [F. briguer. See Brigue, n.]

Defn: To contend for; to canvass; to solicit. [Obs.] Bp. Hurd.

BRIKE
Brike, n. Etym: [AS. brice.]

Defn: A breach; ruin; downfall; peril. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BRILL
Brill, n. Etym: [Cf. Corn. brilli mackerel, fr. brith streaked,
speckled.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish allied to the turbot (Rhombus levis), much esteemed in
England for food; -- called also bret, pearl, prill. See Bret.

BRILLANTE
Bril*lan"te, adv. Etym: [It. See Brilliant, a.] (Mus.)

Defn: In a gay, showy, and sparkling style.

BRILLIANCE
Bril"liance, n.

Defn: Brilliancy. Tennyson.

BRILLIANCY
Bril"lian*cy, n. Etym: [See Brilliant.]

Defn: The quality of being brilliant; splendor; glitter; great
brighness, whether in a literal or figurative sense.
With many readers brilliancy of style passes for affluence of
thought. Longfellow.

BRILLIANT
Bril"liant, a. Etym: [F. brillant, p. pr. of briller to shine or
sparkle (cf. Pr. & Sp. brillar, It. brillare), fr. L. beryllus a
precious stone of sea-green color, Prov. It. brill. See Beryl.]

1. Sparkling with luster; glittering; very bright; as, a brilliant
star.

2. Distinguished by qualities which excite admiration; splended;
shining; as, brilliant talents.
Washington was more solicitous to avoid fatal mistakes than to
perform brilliant exploits. Fisher Ames.

Syn.
 -- See Shining.

BRILLIANT
Bril"liant, n. Etym: [F. brillant. See Brilliant, a.]

1. A diamond or other gem of the finest cut, formed into faces and
facets, so as to reflect and refract the light, by which it is
rendered nore brilliant. It has at the middle, or top, a principal
face, called the table, which is surrounded by a number of sloping
facets forming a bizet; below, it has a small face or collet,
parallel to the table, connected with the gridle by a pavilion of
elongated facets. It is thus distinguished from the rose diamond,
which is entirely covered with facets on the surface, and is flat
below.
This snuffbox -- on the hinge see brilliants shine. Pope.

2. (Print.)

Defn: The small size of type used in England printing.

Note: This line is printed in the type called Brilliant.

3. A kind of kotton goods, figured on the weaving.

BRILLIANTINE
Bril"lian*tine, n. [F. brillantine. See lst Brilliant.]

1. An oily composition used to make the hair glossy.

2.  A dress fabric having a glossy finish on both sides, resembling
alpaca but of superior quality.

BRILLIANTLY
Bril"liant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a brilliant manner.

BRILLIANTNESS
Bril"liant*ness, n.

Defn: Brilliancy; splendor; glitter.

BRILLS
Brills, n. pl. Etym: [CF. G. brille spectacles, D. bril, fr. L.
berillus. See Brilliant.]

Defn: The hair on the eyelids of a horse. Bailey.

BRIM
Brim, n. Etym: [OE. brim, brimme, AS. brymme edge, border; akin to
Icel. barmr, Sw. bräm, Dan. bræmme, G. brame, bräme. Possibly the
same word as AS. brim surge, sea, and properly meaning, the line of
surf at the border of the sea, and akin to L. fremere to roar,
murmur. Cf. Breeze a fly.]

1. The rim, border, or upper sdge of a cup, dish, or any hollow
vessel used for holding anything.
Saw I that insect on this goblet's brim I would remove it with an
anxious pity. Coleridge.

2. The edge or margin, as of a fountain, or of the water contained in
it; the brink; border.
The feet of the priest that bare the ark were dipped in the brim of
the water. Josh. iii. 15.

3. The rim of a hat. Wordsworth.

BRIM
Brim, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Brimmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Brimming.]

Defn: To be full to the brim. "The brimming stream." Milton. To brim
over (literally or figuratively), to be so full that some of the
contents flows over the brim; as, cup brimming over with wine; a man
brimming over with fun.

BRIM
Brim, v. t.

Defn: To fill to the brim, upper edge, or top.
Arrange the board and brim the glass. Tennyson.

BRIM
Brim, a.

Defn: Fierce; sharp; cold. See Breme. [Obs.]

BRIMFUL
Brim"ful, a.

Defn: Full to the brim; completely full; ready to overflow. "Her
brimful eyes." Dryden.

BRIMLESS
Brim"less, a.

Defn: Having no brim; as, brimless caps.

BRIMMED
Brimmed, a.

1. Having a brim; -- usually in composition. "Broad-brimmed hat."
Spectator.

2. Full to, or level with, the brim. Milton.

BRIMMER
Brim"mer, n.

Defn: A brimful bowl; a bumper.

BRIMMING
Brim"ming, a.

Defn: Full to the brim; overflowing.

BRIMSTONE
Brim"stone, n. Etym: [OE. brimston, bremston, bernston, brenston; cf.
Icel. brennistein. See Burn, v. t., and Stone.]

Defn: Sulphur; See Sulphur.

BRIMSTONE
Brim"stone, a.

Defn: Made of, or pertaining to, brimstone; as, brimstone matches.
From his brimstone bed at break of day A-walking the devil has gone.
Coleridge.

BRIMSTONY
Brim"sto`ny, a.

Defn: Containing or resembling brimstone; sulphurous. B. Jonson.

BRIN
Brin, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: One of the radiating sticks of a fan. The outermost are larger
and longer, and are called panaches. Knight.

BRINDED
Brin"ded, a. Etym: [Cf. Icel. bröndottr brindled, fr. brandr brand;
and OE. bernen, brinnen, to burn. See Brand, Burn.]

Defn: Of a gray or tawny color with streaks of darker hue; streaked;
brindled. "Three brinded cows," Dryden. "The brinded cat." Shak.

BRINDLE
Brin"dle, n. Etym: [See Brindled.]

1. The state of being brindled.

2. A brindled color; also, that which is brindled.

BRINDLE
Brin"dle, a.

Defn: Brindled.

BRINDLED
Brin"dled, a. Etym: [A dim. form of brinded.]

Defn: Having dark streaks or spots on a gray or tawny ground;
brinded. "With a brindled lion played." Churchill.

BRINE
Brine, n. Etym: [AS. bryne a burning, salt liquor, brine, fr.
brinnan, brynnan, to burn. See Burn.]

1. Water saturated or strongly inpregnated with salt; pickle; hence,
any strong saline solution; also, the saline residue or strong mother
liquor resulting from the evaporation of natural or artificial
waters.

2. The ocean; the water of an ocean, sea, or salt lake.
Not long beneath the whelming brine . . . he lay. Cowper.

3. Tears; -- so called from their saltness.
What a deal of brine Hath washed thy sallow cheecks for Rosaline!
Shak.
Brine fly (Zoöl.), a fly of the genus Ephydra, the larvæ of which
live in artificial brines and in salt lakes.
 -- Brine gauge, an instrument for measuring the saltness of a
liquid.
 -- Brine pan, a pit or pan of salt water, where salt is formed by
cristallization.
 -- Brine pit, a salt spring or well, from which water is taken to be
boiled or evaporated for making salt.
 -- Brine pump (Marine Engin.), a pump for changing the water in the
boilers, so as to clear them of the brine which collects at the
bottom.
 -- Brine shrimp, Brine worm (Zoöl.), a phyllopod crustacean of the
genus Artemia, inhabiting the strong brines of salt works and natural
salt lakes. See Artemia.
 -- Brine spring, a spring of salt water.
 -- Leach brine (Saltmaking), brine which drops from granulated salt
in drying, and is preserved to be boiled again.

BRINE
Brine, v. t.

1. To steep or saturate in brine.

2. To sprinkle with salt or brine; as, to brine hay.

BRING
Bring, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brought; p. pr. & vb. n. Bringing.] Etym:
[OE. bringen, AS. bringan; akin to OS. brengian, D. brengen, Fries.
brenga, OHG. bringan, G. bringen, Goth. briggan.]

1. To convey to the place where the speaker is or is to be; to bear
from a more distant to a nearer place; to fetch.
And as she was going to fetch it, he called to her, and said, Bring
me, I pray thee, a morsel of bread. 1 Kings xvii. 11.
To France shall we convey you safe, And bring you back. Shak.

2. To cause the accession or obtaining of; to procure; to make to
come; to produce; to draw to.
There is nothing will bring you more honor . . . than to do what
right in justice you may. Bacon.

3. To convey; to move; to carry or conduct.
In distillation, the water . . . brings over with it some part of the
oil of vitriol. Sir I. Newton.

4. To persuade; to induce; to draw; to lead; to guide.
It seems so preposterous a thing . . . that they do not easily bring
themselves to it. Locke.
The nature of the things . . . would not suffer him to think
otherwise, how, or whensoever, he is brought to reflect on them.
Locke.

5. To produce in exchange; to sell for; to fetch; as, what does coal
bring per ton To bring about, to bring to pass; to effect; to
accomplish.
 -- To bring back. (a) To recall. (b) To restore, as something
borrowed, to its owner.
 -- To bring by the lee (Naut.), to incline so rapidly to leeward of
the course, when a ship sails large, as to bring the lee side
suddenly to the windward, any by laying the sails aback, expose her
to danger of upsetting.
 -- To bring down. (a) To cause to come down. (b) To humble or abase;
as, to bring down high looks.
 -- To bring down the house, to cause tremendous applause. [Colloq.]
-- To bring forth. (a) To produce, as young fruit. (b) To bring to
light; to make manifest.
 -- To bring forward (a) To exhibit; to introduce; to produce to
view. (b) To hasten; to promote; to forward. (c) To propose; to
adduce; as, to bring forward arguments.
 -- To bring home. (a) To bring to one's house. (b) To prove
conclusively; as, to bring home a charge of treason. (c) To cause one
to feel or appreciate by personal experience. (d) (Naut.) To lift of
its place, as an anchor.
 -- To bring in. (a) To fetch from without; to import. (b) To
introduce, as a bill in a deliberative assembly. (c) To return or
repot to, or lay before, a court or other body; to render; as, to
bring in a verdict or a report. (d) To take to an appointed place of
deposit or collection; as, to bring in provisions or money for a
specified object. (e) To produce, as income. (f) To induce to join.
 -- To bring off, to bear or convey away; to clear from condemnation;
to cause to escape.
 -- To bring on. (a) To cause to begin. (b) To originate or cause to
exist; as, to bring on a disease.
 -- To bring one on one's way, to accompany, guide, or attend one.
 -- To bring out, to expose; to detect; to bring to light from
concealment.
 -- To bring over. (a) To fetch or bear across. (b) To convert by
persuasion or other means; to cause to change sides or an opinion.
 -- To bring to. (a) To resuscitate; to bring back to consciousness
or life, as a fainting person. (b) (Naut.) To check the course of, as
of a ship, by dropping the anchor, or by counterbracing the sails so
as to keep her nearly stationary (she is then said to lie to). (c) To
cause (a vessel) to lie to, as by firing across her course. (d) To
apply a rope to the capstan.
 -- To bring to light, to disclose; to discover; to make clear; to
reveal.
 -- To bring a sail to (Naut.), to bend it to the yard.
 -- To bring to pass, to accomplish to effect. "Trust also in Him;
and He shall bring it to pass." Ps. xxxvii. 5.
 -- To bring under, to subdue; to restrain; to reduce to obedience.
 -- To bring up. (a) To carry upward; to nurse; to rear; to educate.
(b) To cause to stop suddenly. (c)

Note: [v. i. by dropping the reflexive pronoun] To stop suddenly; to
come to a standstill. [Colloq.] -- To bring up (any one) with a round
turn, to cause (any one) to stop abruptly. [Colloq.] -- To be brought
to bed. See under Bed.

Syn.
 -- To fetch; bear; carry; convey; transport; import; procure;
produce; cause; adduce; induce.

BRINGER
Bring"er, n.

Defn: One who brings.
Yet the first bringer of unwelcome news Hath but a losing office.
Shak.
Bringer in, one who, or that which, introduces.

BRININESS
Brin"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being briny; saltness; brinishness.

BRINISH
Brin"ish, a.

Defn: Like brine; somewhat salt; saltish. "Brinish tears." Shak.

BRINISHNESS
Brin"ish*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being brinish.

BRINJAREE
Brin"ja*ree`, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rough-haired East Indian variety of the greyhound.

BRINK
Brink, n. Etym: [Dan. brink edge, verge; akin to Sw. brink declivity,
hill, Icel. brekka; cf. LG. brink a grassy hill, W. bryn hill,
bryncyn hillock.]

Defn: The edge, margin, or border of a steep place, as of a
precipice; a bank or edge, as of a river or pit; a verge; a border;
as, the brink of a chasm. Also Fig. "The brink of vice." Bp. Porteus.
"The brink of ruin." Burke.
The plashy brink of weedy lake. Bryant.

BRINY
Brin"y, a. Etym: [From Brine.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to brine, or to the sea; partaking of the
nature of brine; salt; as, a briny taste; the briny flood.

BRIOCHE
Bri`oche", n. [F.]

1. A light cake made with flour, butter, yeast, and eggs.

2.  A knitted foot cushion.

BRIOLETTE
Bri`o*lette", n. [F.]

Defn: An oval or pearshaped diamond having its entire surface cut in
triangular facets.

BRIONY
Bri"o*ny, n.

Defn: See Bryony. Tennyson.

BRIQUETTE
Bri*quette", n. [Also briquet.] [F., dim. of brique brick.]

1. A block of compacted coal dust, or peat, etc., for fuel.

2.  A block of artificial stone in the form of a brick, used for
paving; also, a molded sample of solidified cement or mortar for use
as a test piece for showing the strength of the material.

BRISK
Brisk, a. Etym: [Cf. W. brysg, fr. brys haste, Gael. briosg quick,
lively, Ir. broisg a start, leap, jerk.]

1. Full of liveliness and activity; characterized by quickness of
motion or action; lively; spirited; quick.
Cheerily, boys; be brick awhile. Shak.
Brick toil alternating with ready ease. Wordworth.

2. Full of spirit of life; effervescas, brick cider.

Syn.
 -- Active; lively; agile; alert; nimble; quick; sprightly;
vivacious; gay; spirited; animated.

BRISK
Brisk, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Bricked; p. pr. & vb. n. Bricking.]

Defn: To make or become lively; to enliven; to animate; to take, or
cause to take, an erect or bold attitude; -- usually with up.

BRISKET
Bris"ket, n. Etym: [OE. bruskette, OF. bruschet, F. bréchet, brichet;
prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. brysced the breast of a slain animal,
brisket, Corn. vrys breast, Armor. brusk, bruched, the front of the
chest, Gael. brisgein the cartilaginous part of a bone.]

Defn: That part of the breast of an animal which extends from the
fore legs back beneath the ribs; also applied to the fore part of a
horse, from the shoulders to the bottom of the chest.

Note: [See Illust. of Beef.]

BRISKLY
Brisk"ly, adv.

Defn: In a brisk manner; nimbly.

BRISKNESS
Brisk"ness, n.

Defn: Liveliness; vigor in action; quickness; gayety; vivacity;
effervescence.

BRISTLE
Bris"tle, n. Etym: [OE. bristel, brustel, AS. bristl, byrst; akin to
D. borstel, OHG. burst, G. borste, Icel. burst, Sw. borst, and to
Skr. bh edge, point, and prob, L. fastigium extremity, Gr. brush,
burr, perh. to brad. sq. root96.]

1. A short, stiff, coarse hair, as on the back of swine.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A stiff, sharp, roundish hair. Gray.

BRISTLE
Bris"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bristled; p. pr. & vb. n. Bristling.]

1. To erect the bristles of; to cause to stand up, as the bristles of
an angry hog; -- sometimes with up.
Now for the bare-picked bone of majesty Doth dogged war bristle his
angry crest. Shak.
Boy, bristle thy courage up. Shak.

2. To fix a bristle to; as, to bristle a thread.

BRISTLE
Bris"tle, v. i.

1. To rise or stand erect, like bristles.
His hair did bristle upon his head. Sir W. Scott.

2. To appear as if covered with bristles; to have standing, thick and
erect, like bristles.
The hill of La Haye Sainte bristling with ten thousand bayonets.
Thackeray.
Ports bristling with thousands of masts. Macaulay.

3. To show deflance or indignation. To bristle up, to show anger or
deflance.

BRISTLE-POINTED
Bris"tle-point`ed, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Terminating in a very fine, sharp point, as some leaves.

BRISTLE-SHAPED
Bris"tle-shaped`, a.

Defn: Resembling a bristle in form; as, a bristle-shaped leaf.

BRISTLETAIL
Bris"tle*tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect of the genera Lepisma, Campodea, etc., belonging to
the Thysanura.

BRISTLINESS
Bris"tli*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of having bristles.

BRISTLY
Bris"tly, a.

Defn: THick set with bristles, or with hairs resembling bristles;
rough.
The leaves of the black mulberry are somewhat bristly. Bacon.

BRISTOL
Bris"tol, n.

Defn: A seaport city in the west of England. Bristol board, a kind of
fine pasteboard, made with a smooth but usually unglazed surface.
 -- Bristol brick, a brick of siliceous matter used for polishing
cultery; -- originally manufactured at Bristol.
 -- Bristol stone, rock crystal, or brilliant crystals of quartz,
found in the mountain limestone near Bristol, and used in making
ornaments, vases, etc. When polished, it is called Bristol diamond.

BRISURE
Bri*sure", n. Etym: [F.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: Any part of a rampart or parapet which deviates from the
general direction.

2. (Her.)

Defn: A mark of cadency or difference.

BRIT; BRITT
Brit, Britt, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The young of the common herring; also, a small species of
herring; the sprat.
(b) The minute marine animals (chiefly Entomostraca) upon which the
right whales feed.

BRITANNIA
Bri*tan"ni*a, n. Etym: [From L. Britannia Great Britain.]

Defn: A white-metal alloy of tin, antimony, bismuth, copper, etc. It
somewhat resembles silver, and isused for table ware. Called also
Britannia metal.

BRITANNIC
Bri*tan"nic, a. Etym: [L. Britannicus, fr. Britannia Great Britain.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Great Britain; British; as, her Britannic
Majesty.

BRITE; BRIGHT
Brite, Bright, v. t.

Defn: To be or become overripe, as wheat, barley, or hops. [Prov.
Eng.]

BRITICISM
Brit"i*cism, n.

Defn: A word, phrase, or idiom peculiar to Great Britain; any manner
of using a word or words that is peculiar to Great Britain.

BRITISH
Brit"ish, a. Etym: [AS. Brittisc, Bryttisc.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Great Britain or to its inhabitants; --
sometimes restrict to the original inhabitants. British gum, a
brownish substance, very soluble in cold water, formed by heating dry
starch at a temperature of about 600° Fahr. It corresponds, in its
properties, to dextrin, and is used, in solution, as a substitute for
gum in stiffering goods.
 -- British lion, the national emblem of Great Britain.
 -- British seas, the four seas which surround Great Britain.

BRITISH
Brit"ish, n. pl.

Defn: People of Great Britain.

BRITISHER
Brit"ish*er, n.

Defn: An Englishman; a subject or inhabitant of Great Britain, esp.
one in the British military or naval service. [Now used jocosely]

BRITON
Brit"on, a. Etym: [AS. bryten Britain.]

Defn: British. [Obs.] Spenser.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Great Britain.

BRITTLE
Brit"tle, a. Etym: [OE. britel, brutel, AS. bryttian to dispense, fr.
breótan to break; akin to Icel. brytja, Sw. bryta, Dan. bryde. Cf.
Brickle.]

Defn: Easily broken; apt to break; fragile; not tough or tenacious.
Farewell, thou pretty, brittle piece Of fine-cut crystal. Cotton.
Brittle silver ore, the mineral stephanite.

BRITTLELY
Brit"tle*ly, adv.

Defn: In a brittle manner. Sherwood.

BRITTLENESS
Brit"tle*ness, n.

Defn: Aptness to break; fragility.

BRITTLE STAR
Brit"tle star`.

Defn: Any species of ophiuran starfishes. See Ophiuroidea.

BRITZSKA
Britz"ska, n. Etym: [Russ. britshka; cf. Pol. bryczka, dim. of bryka
freight wagon.]

Defn: A long carriage, with a calash top, so constructed as to give
space for reclining at night, when used on a journey.

BRIZE
Brize, n.

Defn: The breeze fly. See Breeze. Shak.

BROACH
Broach, n. Etym: [OE. broche, F. broche, fr. LL. brocca; prob. of
Celtic origin; cf. W. proc thrust, stab, Gael. brog awl. Cf. Brooch.]

1. A spit. [Obs.]
He turned a broach that had worn a crown. Bacon.

2. An awl; a bodkin; also, a wooden rod or pin, sharpened at each
end, used by thatchers. [Prov. Eng.] Forby.

3. (Mech.)
(a) A tool of steel, generally tapering, and of a polygonal form,
with from four to eight cutting edges, for smoothing or enlarging
holes in metal; sometimes made smooth or without edges, as for
burnishing pivot holes in watches; a reamer. The broach for gun
barrels is commonly square and without taper.
(b) A straight tool with file teeth, made of steel, to be pressed
through irregular holes in metal that cannot be dressed by revolving
tools; a drift.

4. (Masonry)

Defn: A broad chisel for stonecutting.

5. (Arch.)

Defn: A spire rising from a tower. [Local, Eng.]

6. A clasp for fastening a garment. See Brooch.

7. A spitlike start, on the head of a young stag.

8. The stick from which candle wicks are suspended for dipping.
Knight.

9. The pin in a lock which enters the barrel of the key.

BROACH
Broach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Broached; p. pr. & vb. n. Broaching.]
Etym: [F. brocher, fr. broche. See Broach, n.]

1. To spit; to pierce as with a spit.
I'll broach the tadpole on my rapier's point. Shak.

2. To tap; to pierce, as a cask, in order to draw the liquor. Hence:
To let out; to shed, as blood.
Whereat with blade, with bloody blameful blade, He bravely broached
his boiling bloody breast. Shak.

3. To open for the first time, as stores.
You shall want neither weapons, victuals, nor aid; I will open the
old armories, I will broach my store, and will bring forth my stores.
Knolles.

4. To make public; to utter; to publish first; to put forth; to
introduce as a topic of conversation.
Those very opinions themselves had broached. Swift.

5. To cause to begin or break out. [Obs.] Shak.

6. (Masonry)

Defn: To shape roughly, as a block of stone, by chiseling with a
coarse tool. [Scot. & North of Eng.]

7. To enlarge or dress (a hole), by using a broach. To broach to
(Naut.), to incline suddenly to windward, so as to lay the sails
aback, and expose the vessel to the danger of oversetting.

BROACHER
Broach"er, n.

1. A spit; a broach.
On five sharp broachers ranked, the roast they turned. Dryden.

2. One who broaches, opens, or utters; a first publisher or promoter.
Some such broacher of heresy. Atterbury.

BROAD
Broad, a. [Compar. Broader; superl. Broadest.] Etym: [OE. brod, brad,
AS. brad; akin to OS. bred, D. breed, G. breit, Icel. brei, Sw. &
Dan. bred, Goth. braids. Cf. Breadth.]

1. Wide; extend in breadth, or from side to side; -- opposed to
narrow; as, a broad street, a broad table; an inch broad.

2. Extending far and wide; extensive; vast; as, the broad expanse of
ocean.

3. Extended, in the sense of diffused; open; clear; full. "Broad and
open day." Bp. Porteus.

4. Fig.: Having a large measure of any thing or quality; not limited;
not restrained; -- applied to any subject, and retaining the literal
idea more or less clearly, the precise meaning depending largely on
the substantive.
A broad mixture of falsehood. Locke.

Note: Hence: -

5. Comprehensive; liberal; enlarged.
The words in the Constitution are broad enough to include the case.
D. Daggett.
In a broad, statesmanlike, and masterly way. E. Everett.

6. Plain; evident; as, a broad hint.

7. Free; unrestrained; unconfined.
As broad and general as the casing air. Shak.

8. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Characterized by breadth. See Breadth.

9. Cross; coarse; indelicate; as, a broad compliment; a broad joke;
broad humor.

10. Strongly marked; as, a broad Scotch accent.

Note: Broad is often used in compounds to signify wide, large, etc.;
as, broad-chested, broad-shouldered, broad-spreading, broad-winged.
Broad acres. See under Acre.
 -- Broad arrow, originally a pheon. See Pheon, and Broad arrow under
Arrow.
 -- As broad as long, having the length equal to the breadth; hence,
the same one way as another; coming to the same result by different
ways or processes.
It is as broad as long, whether they rise to others, or bring others
down to them. L'Estrange.
Broad pennant. See under Pennant.

Syn.
 -- Wide; large; ample; expanded; spacious; roomy; extensive; vast;
comprehensive; liberal.

BROAD
Broad, n.

1. The broad part of anything; as, the broad of an oar.

2. The spread of a river into a sheet of water; a flooded fen.
[Local, Eng.] Southey.

3. A lathe tool for turning down the insides and bottoms of
cylinders. Knight.

BROADAX; BROADAXE
Broad"ax` Broad"axe`, n.

1. An ancient military weapon; a battle-ax.

2. An ax with a broad edge, for hewing timber.

BROADBILL
Broad"bill`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wild duck (Aythya, or Fuligula, marila), which appears in
large numbers on the eastern coast of the United States, in autumn; -
- called also bluebill, blackhead, raft duck, and scaup duck. See
Scaup duck.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The shoveler. See Shoveler.

BROADBRIM
Broad"brim`, n.

1. A hat with a very broad brim, like those worn by men of the
society of Friends.

2. A member of the society of Friends; a Quaker. [Sportive]

BROAD-BRIMMED
Broad"-brimmed`, a.

Defn: Having a broad brim.
A broad-brimmed flat silver plate. Tatler.

BROADCAST
Broad"cast`, n. (Agric.)

Defn: A casting or throwing seed in all directions, as from the hand
in sowing.

BROADCAST
Broad"cast`, a.

1. Cast or dispersed in all directions, as seed from the hand in
sowing; widely diffused.

2. Scattering in all directions (as a method of sowing); -- opposed
to planting in hills, or rows.

BROADCAST
Broad"cast`, adv.

Defn: So as to scatter or be scattered in all directions; so as to
spread widely, as seed from the hand in sowing, or news from the
press.

BROAD CHURCH
Broad" Church`. (Eccl.)

Defn: A portion of the Church of England, consisting of persons who
claim to hold a position, in respect to doctrine and fellowship,
intermediate between the High Church party and the Low Church, or
evangelical, party. The term has been applied to otherbodies of men
holding liberal or comprehensive views of Christian doctrine and
fellowship.
Side by side with these various shades of High and Low Church,
another party of a different character has always existed in the
Church of England. It is called by different names: Moderate,
Catholic, or Broad Church, by its friends; Latitudinarian or
Indifferent, by its enemies. Its distinctive character is the desire
of comprehension. Its watch words are charity and toleration.
Conybeare.

BROADCLOTH
Broad"cloth, n.

Defn: A fine smooth-faced woolen cloth for men's garments, usually of
double width (i.e., a yard and a half); -- so called in distinction
from woolens three quarters of a yard wide.

BROADEN
Broad"en, v. t. [p. & p. p. Broadened (; p. pr. & vb.n. Broadening
(.] Etym: [From Broad, a.]

Defn: To grow broad; to become broader or wider.
The broadening sun appears. Wordsworth.

BROADEN
Broad"en, v. t.

Defn: To make broad or broader; to render more broad or
comprehensive.

BROAD GAUGE
Broad" gauge`. (Railroad)

Defn: A wider distance between the rails than the "standard" gauge of
four feet eight inches and a half. See Gauge.

BROAD-HORNED
Broad"-horned`, a.

Defn: Having horns spreading widely.

BROADISH
Broad"ish, a.

Defn: Rather broad; moderately broad.

BROADLEAF
Broad"leaf`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tree (Terminalia latifolia) of Jamaica, the wood of which is
used for boards, scantling, shingles, etc; -- sometimes called the
almond tree, from the shape of its fruit.

BROAD-LEAVED; BROAD-LEAFED
Broad"-leaved`, Broad"-leafed`, a.

Defn: Having broad, or relatively broad, leaves. Keats.

BROADLY
Broad"ly, adv.

Defn: In a broad manner.

BROADMOUTH
Broad"mouth`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Eurylaimidæ, a family of East Indian passerine
birds.

BROADNESS
Broad"ness, n. Etym: [AS. bradnes.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being broad; breadth; coarseness;
grossness.

BROADPIECE
Broad"piece`, n.

Defn: An old English gold coin, broader than a guinea, as a Carolus
or Jacobus.

BROAD SEAL
Broad" seal`.

Defn: The great seal of England; the public seal of a country or
state.

BROADSEAL
Broad"seal`, v. t.

Defn: To stamp with the broad seal; to make sure; to guarantee or
warrant. [Obs.]
Thy presence broadseals our delights for pure. B. Jonson.

BROADSIDE
Broad"side`, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The side of a ship above the water line, from the bow to the
quarter.

2. A discharge of or from all the guns on one side of a ship, at the
same time.

3. A volley of abuse or denunciation. [Colloq.]

4. (Print.)

Defn: A sheet of paper containing one large page, or printed on one
side only; -- called also broadsheet.

BROADSPREAD
Broad"spread`, a.

Defn: Widespread.

BROADSPREADING
Broad"spread`ing, a.

Defn: Spreading widely.

BROADSWORD
Broad"sword`, n.

Defn: A sword with a broad blade and a cutting edge; a claymore.
I heard the broadsword's deadly clang. Sir W. Scott.

BROADWISE
Broad"wise`, adv.

Defn: Breadthwise. [Archaic]

BROB
Brob, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. brog, E. brog, n.] (Carp.)

Defn: A peculiar brad-shaped spike, to be driven alongside the end of
an abutting timber to prevent its slipping.

BROBDINGNAGIAN
Brob`ding*nag"i*an, a. Etym: [From Brobdingnag, a country of giants
in "Gulliver's Travels."]

Defn: Colossal' of extraordinary height; gigantic.
 -- n.

Defn: A giant. [Spelt often Brobdignagian.]

BROCADE
Bro*cade", n. Etym: [Sp. brocado (cf. It. broccato, F. brocart), fr.
LL. brocare *prick, to figure (textile fabrics), to emboss (linen),
to stitch. See Broach.]

Defn: Silk stuff, woven with gold and silver threads, or ornamented
with raised flowers, foliage, etc.; -- also applied to other stuffs
thus wrought and enriched.
A gala suit of faded brocade. W. Irving.

BROCADED
Bro*cad"ed, a.

1. Woven or worked, as brocade, with gold and silver, or with raised
flowers, etc.
Brocaded flowers o'er the gay mantua shine. Gay.

2. Dressed in brocade.

BROCAGE
Bro"cage, n.

Defn: See Brokkerage.

BROCARD
Broc"ard, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. Brocardica, Brocardicorum opus, a
collection of ecclesiastical canons by Burkhard, Bishop of Worms,
called, by the Italians and French, Brocard.]

Defn: An elementary principle or maximum; a short, proverbial rule,
in law, ethics, or metaphysics.
The legal brocard, "Falsus in uno, falsus in omnibus," is a rule not
more applicable to other witness than to consciousness. Sir W.
Hamilton.

BROCATEL
Bro"ca*tel, n. Etym: [F. brocatelle, fr. It. brocatello: cf. Sp.
brocatel. See Brocade.]

1. A kind of coarse brocade, or figured fabric, used chiefly for
tapestry, linings for carriages, etc.

2. A marble, clouded and veined with white, gray, yellow, and red, in
which the yellow usually prevails. It is also called Siena marble,
from its locality.

BROCATELLO
Bro`ca*tel"lo, n.

Defn: Same as Brocatel.

BROCCOLI
Broc"co*li, n. Etym: [It. broccoli, pl. of broccolo sprout, cabbage
sprout, dim. of brocco splinter. See Broach, n.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the Cabbage species (Brassica oleracea) of many
varieties, resembling the cauliflower. The "curd," or flowering head,
is the part used for food.

BROCHANTITE
Broch"an*tite, n. Etym: [From Brochant de Villiers, a French
mineralogist.] (Min.)

Defn: A basic sulphate of copper, occurring in emerald-green
crystals.

BROCHE
Bro`ché", a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Woven with a figure; as, broché goods.

BROCHE
Broche, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Broach, n.

BROCHETTE
Bro`chette" (bro`shet"), n. [F., dim. of broche. See Broach, n.]
(Cookery)

Defn: A small spit or skewer.

-- En bro`chette" (än) [F.], on a brochette; skewered.

BROCHURE
Bro*chure", n. Etym: [F., fr. brocher to stitch. See Broach, v. t.]

Defn: A printed and stitched book containing only a few leaves; a
pamphlet.

BROCK
Brock, n. Etym: [AS. broc, fr. W. broch; akin to Ir. & Gael. broc,
Corn. & Armor. broch; cf. Ir. & Gael. breac speckled.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A badger.
Or with pretense of chasing thence the brock. B. Jonson.

BROCK
Brock, n. Etym: [See Brocket.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A brocket. Bailey.

BROCKEN SPECTER; BROCKEN SPECTRE
Brock"en spec"ter or Brock"en spec"tre. [Trans. of G.
Brockengespenst.]

Defn: A mountain specter (which see), esp. that observed on the
Brocken, in the Harz Mountains.

BROCKET
Brock"et, n. Etym: [OE. broket, F. broquart fallow deer a year old,
fr. the same root as E. broach, meaning point (hence tine of a
horn).]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A male red deer two years old; -- sometimes called brock.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American deer, of several species (Coassus
superciliaris, C. rufus, and C. auritus).

BROCKISH
Brock"ish, a.

Defn: Beastly; brutal. [Obs.] Bale.

BRODEKIN
Brode"kin, n. Etym: [F. brodequin, OE. brossequin, fr. OD. broseken,
brosekin, dim. of broos buskin, prob. fr. LL. byrsa leather, Gr.
Buskin.]

Defn: A buskin or half-boot. [Written also brodequin.] [Obs.]

BROG
Brog, n. Etym: [Gael. Cf. Brob.]

Defn: A pointed instrument, as a joiner's awl, a brad awl, a needle,
or a small ship stick.

BROG
Brog, v. t.

Defn: To prod with a pointed instrument, as a lance; also, to
broggle. [Scot. & Prov.] Sir W. Scott.

BROGAN
Bro"gan, n.

Defn: A stout, coarse shoe; a brogue.

BROGGLE
Brog"gle, v. i. Etym: [Dim. of Prov. E. brog to broggle. Cf. Brog,
n.]

Defn: To sniggle, or fish with a brog. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

BROGUE
Brogue, n. Etym: [Ir. & Gael. brog shoe, hoof.]

1. A stout, coarse shoe; a brogan.

Note: In the Highlands of Scotland, the ancient brogue was made of
horsehide or deerskin, untanned or tenned with the hair on, gathered
round the ankle with a thong. The name was afterward given to any
shoe worn as a part of the Highland costume. Clouted brogues, patched
brogues; also, brogues studded with nails. See under Clout, v. t.

2. A dialectic pronunciation; esp. the Irish manner of pronouncing
English.
Or take, Hibernis, thy still ranker brogue. Lloyd.

BROGUES
Brogues, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. Breeches.]

Defn: Breeches. [Obs.] Shenstone.

BROID
Broid, v. t.

Defn: To braid. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BROIDER
Broid"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Broidered.] Etym: [OE. broiden,
brouden, F. broder, confused with E. braid; F. broder is either the
same word as border to border (see Border), or perh. of Celtic
origin; cf. W. brathu to sting, stab, Ir. & Gael. brod goad, prickle,
OE. brod a goad; and also Icel. broddr a spike, a sting, AS. brord a
point.]

Defn: To embroider. [Archaic]
They shall make a broidered coat. Ex. xxviii. 4.

BROIDERER
Broid"er*er, n.

Defn: One who embroiders. [Archaic]

BROIDERY
Broid"er*y, n.

Defn: Embroidery. [Archaic]
The golden broidery tender Milkah wove. Tickell.

BROIL
Broil, n. Etym: [F. brouiller to disorder, from LL. brogilus,
broilus, brolium, thicket, wood, park; of uncertain origin; cf. W.
brog a swelling out, OHG. proil marsh, G. brühl, MHG. brogen to rise.
The meaning tumult, confusion, comes apparently from tangled
undergrowth, thicket, and this possibly from the meaning to grow,
rise, sprout.]

Defn: A tumult; a noisy quarrel; a disturbance; a brawl; contention;
discord, either between individuals or in the state.
I will own that there is a haughtiness and fierceness in human nature
which will which will cause innumerable broils, place men in what
situation you please. Burke.

Syn.
 -- Contention; fray; affray; tumult; altercation; dissension;
discord; contest; conflict; brawl; uproar.

BROIL
Broil, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Broiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Broiling.] Etym:
[OE. broilen, OF. bruillir, fr. bruir to broil, burn; of Ger. origin;
cf. MHG. brüejen, G. brühen, to scald, akin to E. brood.]

1. To cook by direct exposure to heat over a fire, esp. upon a
gridiron over coals.

2. To subject to great (commonly direct) heat.

BROIL
Broil, v. i.

Defn: To be subjected to the action of heat, as meat over the fire;
to be greatly heated, or to be made uncomfortable with heat.
The planets and comets had been broiling in the sun. Cheyne.

BROILER
Broil"er, n.

Defn: One who excites broils; one who engages in or promotes noisy
quarrels.
What doth he but turn broiler, . . . make new libels against the
church Hammond.

BROILER
Broil"er, n.

1. One who broils, or cooks by broiling.

2. A gridiron or other utensil used in broiling.

3. A chicken or other bird fit for broiling. [Colloq.]

BROILING
Broil"ing, a.

Defn: Excessively hot; as, a broiling sun.
 -- n.

Defn: The act of causing anything to broil.

BROKAGE
Bro"kage, n.

Defn: See Brokerage.

BROKE
Broke, v. i. Etym: [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]

1. To transact business for another. [R.] Brome.

2. To act as procurer in love matters; to pimp. [Obs.]
We do want a certain necessary woman to broke between them, Cupid
said. Fanshawe.
And brokes with all that can in such a suit Corrupt the tender honor
of a maid. Shak.

BROKE
Broke (brok),

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Break.

BROKEN
Bro"ken (bro"k'n), a. Etym: [From Break, v. t.]

1. Separated into parts or pieces by violence; divided into
fragments; as, a broken chain or rope; a broken dish.

2. Disconnected; not continuous; also, rough; uneven; as, a broken
surface.

3. Fractured; cracked; disunited; sundered; strained; apart; as, a
broken reed; broken friendship.

4. Made infirm or weak, by disease, age, or hardships.
The one being who remembered him as he been before his mind was
broken. G. Eliot.
The broken soldier, kindly bade to stay, Sat by his fire, and talked
the night away. Goldsmith.

5. Subdued; humbled; contrite.
The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit. Ps. li. 17.

6. Subjugated; trained for use, as a horse.

7. Crushed and ruined as by something that destroys hope; blighted.
"Her broken love and life." G. Eliot.

8. Not carried into effect; not adhered to; violated; as, a broken
promise, vow, or contract; a broken law.

9. Ruined financially; incapable of redeeming promises made, or of
paying debts incurred; as, a broken bank; a broken tradesman.

10. Imperfectly spoken, as by a foreigner; as, broken English;
imperfectly spoken on account of emotion; as, to say a few broken
words at parting.
Amidst the broken words and loud weeping of those grave senators.
Macaulay.
Broken ground. (a) (Mil.) Rough or uneven ground; as, the troops were
retarded in their advance by broken ground. (b) Ground recently
opened with the plow.
 -- Broken line (Geom.), the straight lines which join a number of
given points taken in some specified order.
 -- Broken meat, fragments of meat or other food.
 -- Broken number, a fraction.
 -- Broken weather, unsettled weather.

BROKEN-BACKED
Bro"ken-backed`, a.

1. Having a broken back; as, a broken-backed chair.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Hogged; so weakened in the frame as to droop at each end; --
said of a ship. Totten.

BROKEN-BELLIED
Bro"ken-bel`lied, a.

Defn: Having a ruptured belly. [R.]

BROKEN BREAST
Bro"ken breast`.

Defn: Abscess of the mammary gland.

BROKEN-HEARTED
Bro"ken-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Having the spirits depressed or crushed by grief or despair.
She left her husband almost broken-hearted. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Disconsolable; heart-broken; inconsolable; comfortless; woe-
begone; forlorn.

BROKENLY
Bro"ken*ly, adv.

Defn: In a broken, interrupted manner; in a broken state; in broken
language.
The pagans worship God . . . as it were brokenly and by piecemeal.
Cudworth.

BROKENNESS
Bro"ken*ness, n.

1. The state or quality of being broken; unevenness. Macaulay.

2. Contrition; as, brokenness of heart.

BROKEN WIND
Bro"ken wind`. (Far.)

Defn: The heaves.

BROKEN-WINDED
Bro"ken-wind`ed, a. (Far.)

Defn: Having short breath or disordered respiration, as a horse.

BROKER
Bro"ker, n. Etym: [OE. brocour, from a word akin to broken, bruken,
to use, enjoy, possess, digest, fr. AS. br to use, enjoy; cf. Fries.
broker, F. brocanteur. See Brook, v. t.]

1. One who transacts business for another; an agent.

2. (Law)

Defn: An agent employed to effect bargains and contracts, as a
middleman or negotiator, between other persons, for a compensation
commonly called brokerage. He takes no possession, as broker, of the
subject matter of the negotiation. He generally contracts in the
names of those who employ him, and not in his own. Story.

3. A dealer in money, notes, bills of exchange, etc.

4. A dealer in secondhand goods. [Eng.]

5. A pimp or procurer. [Obs.] Shak. Bill broker, one who buys and
sells notes and bills of exchange.
 -- Curbstone broker or Street broker, an operator in stocks (not a
member of the Stock Exchange) who executes orders by running from
office to office, or by transactions on the street. [U.S.] --
Exchange broker, one who buys and sells uncurrent money, and deals in
exchanges relating to money.
 -- Insurance broker, one who is agent in procuring insurance on
vessels, or against fire.
 -- Pawn broker. See Pawnbroker.
 -- Real estate broker, one who buys and sells lands, and negotiates
loans, etc., upon mortgage.
 -- Ship broker, one who acts as agent in buying and selling ships,
procuring freight, etc.
 -- Stock broker. See Stockbroker.

BROKERAGE
Bro"ker*age, n.

1. The business or employment of a broker. Burke.

2. The fee, reward, or commission, given or changed for transacting
business as a broker.

BROKERLY
Bro"ker*ly, a.

Defn: Mean; servile. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

BROKERY
Bro"ker*y, n.

Defn: The business of a broker. [Obs.]
And with extorting, cozening, forfeiting, And tricks belonging unto
brokery. Marlowe.

BROKING
Bro"king, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a broker or brokers, or to brokerage.
[Obs.]
Redeem from broking pawn the blemished crown. Shak.

BROMA
Bro"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: Aliment; food. Dunglison.

2. A light form of prepared cocoa (or cacao), or the drink made from
it.

BROMAL
Bro"mal, n. Etym: [Bromine + aldehyde.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oily, colorless fluid, CBr

BROMALIN
Bro"ma*lin, n. [From Bromine.] (Pharm.)

Defn: A colorless or white crystalline compound, (CH2)6N4C2H5Br, used
as a sedative in epilepsy.

BROMANIL
Brom`an"il, n.  [Bromine + aniline.] (Chem.)

Defn: A substance analogous to chloranil but containing bromine in
place of chlorine.

BROMATE
Bro"mate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of bromic acid.

BROMATE
Bro"mate, v.t. (Med.)

Defn: To combine or impregnate with bromine; as, bromated camphor.

BROMATOLOGIST
Bro`ma*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in the science of foods.

BROMATOLOGY
Bro`ma*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of aliments. Dunglison.

BROME
Brome, n. Etym: [F.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Bromine.

BROME GRASS
Brome" grass`. Etym: [L. bromos a kind of oats, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus (Bromus) of grasses, one species of which is the chess
or cheat.

BROMELIACEOUS
Bro*me`li*a"ceous, a. Etym: [Named after Olaf Bromel, a Swedish
botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a family of endogenous and mostly
epiphytic or saxicolous plants of which the genera Tillandsia and
Billbergia are examples. The pineapple, though terrestrial, is also
of this family.

BROMIC
Bro"mic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, bromine; -- said of those
compounds of bromine in which this element has a valence of five, or
the next to its highest; as, bromic acid.

BROMIDE
Bro"mide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of bromine with a positive radical.

BROMIDE PAPER; BROMID PAPER
Bromide paper or Bromid paper. (Photog.)

Defn: A sensitized paper coated with gelatin impregnated with bromide
of silver, used in contact printing and in enlarging.

BROMIDIOM
Bro*mid"i*om, n.  [Bromide + idiom.]

Defn: A conventional comment or saying, such as those characteristic
of bromides. [Slang]

BROMINATE
Bro"mi*nate, v. t.

Defn: See Bromate, v. t.

BROMINE
Bro"mine, n. Etym: [Gr. Brome.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the elements, related in its chemical qualities to
chlorine and iodine. Atomic weight 79.8. Symbol Br. It is a deep
reddish brown liquid of a very disagreeable odor, emitting a brownish
vapor at the ordinary temperature. In combination it is found in
minute quantities in sea water, and in many saline springs. It occurs
also in the mineral bromyrite.

BROMISM
Bro"mism, n. (Med.)

Defn: A diseased condition produced by the excessive use of bromine
or one of its compounds. It is characterized by mental dullness and
muscular weakness.

BROMIZE
Bro"mize, v. t. (Photog.)

Defn: To prepare or treat with bromine; as, to bromize a silvered
plate.

BROMLIFE
Brom"life, n. Etym: [From Bromley Hill, near Alston, Cumberland,
England.] (Min.)

Defn: A carbonate of baryta and lime, intermediate between witherite
and strontianite; -- called also alstonite.

BROMOFORM
Bro"mo*form, n. Etym: [Bromine + formyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless liquid, CHBr3, having an agreeable odor and
sweetish taste. It is produced by the simultaneous action of bromine
and caustic potash upon wood spirit, alcohol, or acetone, as also by
certain other reactions. In composition it is the same as chloroform,
with the substitution of bromine for chlorine. It is somewhat similar
to chloroform in its effects. Watts.

BROMOGELATIN
Bro`mo*gel"a*tin, a. [Bromine + gelatin.] (Photog.)

Defn: Designating or pertaining to, a process of preparing dry plates
with an emulsion of bromides and silver nitrate in gelatin.

BROMOIODISM
Bro`mo*i"o*dism, n.  [Bromine + iodine + -ism.] (Med.)

Defn: Poisoning induced by large doses of bromine and iodine or of
their compounds.

BROMOIODIZED
Bro`mo*i"o*dized, a. (Photog.)

Defn: Treated with bromides and iodides.

BROMOL
Bro"mol, n. [Abbr. fr. tribromophenol.] (Pharm.)

Defn: A crystalline substance (chemically, tribromophenol,
C6H2Br3OH), used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.

BROMPICRIN
Brom*pi"crin, n. Etym: [G. brompikrin; brom bromine + pikrinsäure
picric acid.] (Chem.)

Defn: A pungent colorless explosive liquid, CNO2Br3, analogous to and
resembling chlorpicrin. [Spelt also brompikrin.]

BROMURET
Brom"u*ret, n.

Defn: See Bromide. [Obs.]

BROMYRITE
Brom"y*rite, n. Etym: [Bromine + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Silver bromide, a rare mineral; -- called also bromargyrite.

BRONCHI
Bron"chi, n. pl. (Anat.)

Defn: See Bronchus.

BRONCHIA
Bron"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [L. , pl. Cf. Bronchus.] (Anat.)

Defn: The bronchial tubes which arise from the branching of the
trachea, esp. the subdivision of the bronchi. Dunglison.

BRONCHIAL
Bron"chi*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. bronchial. See Bronchia.] (Anat.)

Defn: Belonging to the bronchi and their ramifications in the lungs.
Bronchial arteries, branches of the descending aorta, accompanying
the bronchia in all their ramifications.
 -- Bronchial cells, the air cells terminating the bronchia.
 -- Bronchial glands, glands whose functions are unknown, seated
along the bronchia.
 -- Bronchial membrane, the mucous membrane lining the bronchia.
 -- Bronchial tube, the bronchi, or the bronchia.

BRONCHIC
Bron"chic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Bronchial.

BRONCHIOLE
Bron"chi*ole, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A minute bronchial tube.

BRONCHITIC
Bron*chit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to bronchitis; as, bronchitic inflammation.

BRONCHITIS
Bron*chi"tis, n. Etym: [Bronchus + -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation, acute or chronic, of the bronchial tubes or any
part of them.

BRONCHO
Bron"cho, n. Etym: [Sp. bronco rough, wild.]

Defn: A native or a Mexican horse of small size. [Western U.S.]

BRONCHOCELE
Bron"cho*cele, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: See Goiter.

BRONCHOPHONY
Bron*choph"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A modification of the voice sounds, by which they are
intensified and heightened in pitch; -- observed in auscultation of
the chest in certain cases of intro-thoracic disease.

BRONCHO-PNEUMONIA
Bron`cho-pneu*mo"ni*a, n. Etym: [Bronchus + pneumonia.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the bronchi and lungs; catarrhal pneumonia.

BRONCHOTOME
Bron"cho*tome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for cutting into the bronchial tubes.

BRONCHOTOMY
Bron*chot"o*my, n. (Surg.)

Defn: An incision into the windpipe or larynx, including the
operations of tracheotomy and laryngotomy.

BRONCHUS
Bron"chus, n.; pl. Bronchi (. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Bronchia.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the subdivisions of the trachea or windpipe; esp. one of
the two primary divisions.

BRONCO
Bron"co, n.

Defn: Same as Broncho.

BROND
Brond, n. Etym: [See Brand.]

Defn: A sword. [Obs.]

BRONTOGRAPH
Bron"to*graph, n. [Gr.  thunder + -graph.] (Meteor.)
 (a) A tracing or chart showing the phenomena attendant on
thunderstorms.
 (b) An instrument for making such tracings, as a recording
brontometer.

BRONTOLITE; BRONTOLITH
Bron"to*lite, Bron"to*lith, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite, -lith.]

Defn: An aërolite. [R.]

BRONTOLOGY
Bron*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A treatise upon thunder.

BRONTOMETER
Bron*tom"e*ter, n. [Gr.  thunder + -meter.] (Meteor.)

Defn: An instrument for noting or recording phenomena attendant on
thunderstorms.

BRONTOSAURUS
Bron`to*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of American jurassic dinosaurs. A length of sixty feet
is believed to have been attained by these reptiles.

BRONTOTHERIUM
Bron`to*the"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of large extinct mammals from the miocene strata of
western North America. They were allied to the rhinoceros, but the
skull bears a pair of powerful horn cores in front of the orbits, and
the fore feet were four-toed. See Illustration in Appendix.

BRONTOZOUM
Bron`to*zo"um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct animal of large size, known from its three-toed
footprints in Mesozoic sandstone.

Note: The tracks made by these reptiles are found eighteen inches in
length, and were formerly referred to gigantic birds; but the
discovery of large bipedal three-toed dinosaurs has suggested that
they were made by those reptiles.

BRONZE
Bronze, n. Etym: [F. bronze, fr. It. bronzo brown, fr. OHG. br, G.
braun. See Brown, a.]

1. An alloy of copper and tin, to which small proportions of other
metals, especially zinc, are sometimes added. It is hard and
sonorous, and is used for statues, bells, cannon, etc., the
proportions of the ingredients being varied to suit the particular
purposes. The varieties containing the higher proportions of tin are
brittle, as in bell metal and speculum metal.

2. A statue, bust, etc., cast in bronze.
A print, a bronze, a flower, a root. Prior.

3. A yellowish or reddish brown, the color of bronze; also, a pigment
or powder for imitating bronze.

4. Boldness; impudence; "brass."
Imbrowned with native bronze, lo! Henley stands. Pope.
Aluminium bronze. See under Aluminium.
 -- Bronze age, an age of the world which followed the stone age, and
was characterized by the use of implements and ornaments of copper or
bronze.
 -- Bronze powder, a metallic powder, used with size or in
combination with painting, to give the appearance of bronze, gold, or
other metal, to any surface.
 -- Phosphor bronze and Silicious or Silicium bronze are made by
adding phosphorus and silicon respectively to ordinary bronze, and
are characterized by great tenacity.

BRONZE
Bronze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bronzed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bronzing.] Etym:
[Cf. F. bronzer. See Bronze, n.]

1. To give an appearance of bronze to, by a coating of bronze powder,
or by other means; to make of the color of bronze; as, to bronze
plaster casts; to bronze coins or medals.
The tall bronzed black-eyed stranger. W. Black.

2. To make hard or unfeeling; to brazen.
The lawer who bronzes his bosom instead of his forehead. Sir W.
Scott.
Bronzed skin disease. (Pathol.) See Addison's disease.

BRONZE STEEL
Bronze steel.

Defn: A hard tough alloy of tin, copper, and iron, which can be used
for guns.

BRONZEWING
Bronze"wing`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Australian pigeon of the genus Phaps, of several species; --
so called from its bronze plumage.

BRONZINE
Bronz"ine, n.

Defn: A metal so prepared as to have the appearance of bronze.
 -- a.

Defn: Made of bronzine; resembling bronze; bronzelike.

BRONZING
Bronz"ing, n.

1. The act or art of communicating to articles in metal, wood, clay,
plaster, etc., the appearance of bronze by means of bronze powders,
or imitative painting, or by chemical processes. Tomlinson.

2. A material for bronzing.

BRONZIST
Bronz"ist, n.

Defn: One who makes, imitates, collects, or deals in, bronzes.

BRONZITE
Bronz"ite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. bronzite.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of enstatite, often having a bronzelike luster. It is
a silicate of magnesia and iron, of the pyroxene family.

BRONZY
Bronz"y, a.

Defn: Like bronze.

BROOCH
Brooch, n. Etym: [See Broach, n.]

1. An ornament, in various forms, with a tongue, pin, or loop for
attaching it to a garment; now worn at the breast by women; a
breastpin. Formerly worn by men on the hat.
Honor 's a good brooch to wear in a man's hat. B. Jonson.

2. (Paint.)

Defn: A painting all of one color, as a sepia painting, or an India
painting.

BROOCH
Brooch, v. t. Etym: [imp. & p. p. Brooched (.]

Defn: To adorn as with a brooch. [R.]

BROOD
Brood, n. Etym: [OE. brod, AS. brod; akin to D. broed, OHG. bruot, G.
brut, and also to G. brühe broth, MHG. brüeje, and perh. to E. brawn,
breath. Cf. Breed, v. t.]

1. The young birds hatched at one time; a hatch; as, a brood of
chicken.
As a hen doth gather her brood under her wings. Luke xiii. 34.
A hen followed by a brood of ducks. Spectator.

2. The young from the same dam, whether produced at the same time or
not; young children of the same mother, especially if nearly of the
same age; offspring; progeny; as, a woman with a brood of children.
The lion roars and gluts his tawny brood. Wordsworth.

3. That which is bred or produced; breed; species.
Flocks of the airy brood, (Cranes, geese or long-necked swans).
Chapman.

4. (Mining)

Defn: Heavy waste in tin and copper ores. To sit on brood, to ponder.
[Poetic] Shak.

BROOD
Brood, a.

1. Sitting or inclined to sit on eggs.

2. Kept for breeding from; as, a brood mare; brood stock; having
young; as, a brood sow.

BROOD
Brood, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Brooded; p. pr. & vb. n. Brooding.]

1. To sit on and cover eggs, as a fowl, for the purpose of warming
them and hatching the young; or to sit over and cover young, as a hen
her chickens, in order to warm and protect them; hence, to sit
quietly, as if brooding.
Birds of calm sir brooding on the charmed wave. Milton.

2. To have the mind dwell continuously or moodily on a subject; to
think long and anxiously; to be in a state of gloomy, serious
thought; -- usually followed by over or on; as, to brood over
misfortunes.
Brooding on unprofitable gold. Dryden.
Brooding over all these matters, the mother felt like one who has
evoked a spirit. Hawthorne.
When with downcast eyes we muse and brood. Tennyson.

BROOD
Brood, v. t.

1. To sit over, cover, and cherish; as, a hen broods her chickens.

2. To cherish with care. [R.]

3. To think anxiously or moodily upon.
You'll sit and brood your sorrows on a throne. Dryden.

BROODY
Brood"y, a.

Defn: Inclined to brood. Ray.

BROOK
Brook, n. Etym: [OE. brok, broke, brook, AS. broc; akin to D. broek,
LG. brok, marshy ground, OHG. pruoh, G. bruch marsh; prob. fr. the
root of E. break, so as that it signifies water breaking through the
earth, a spring or brook, as well as a marsh. See Break, v. t.]

Defn: A natural stream of water smaller than a river or creek.
The Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of brooks of
water. Deut. viii. 7.
Empires itself, as doth an inland brook Into the main of waters.
Shak.

BROOK
Brook, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brooked; p. pr. & vb. n. Brooking.] Etym:
[OE. broken, bruken, to use, enjoy, digest, AS. br; akin to D.
gebruiken to use, OHG. pr, G. brauchen, gebrauchen, Icel. br, Goth.
br, and L. frui, to enjoy. Cf. Fruit, Broker.]

1. To use; to enjoy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To bear; to endure; to put up with; to tolerate; as, young men can
not brook restraint. Spenser.
Shall we, who could not brook one lord, Crouch to the wicked ten
Macaulay.

3. To deserve; to earn. [Obs.] Sir J. Hawkins.

BROOKITE
Brook"ite, n. Etym: [Named from the English mineralogist,
H.J.Brooke.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral consisting of titanic oxide, and hence identical with
rutile and octahedrite in composition, but crystallizing in the
orthorhombic system.

BROOKLET
Brook"let, n.

Defn: A small brook.

BROOKLIME
Brook"lime`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Veronica Beccabunga), with flowers, usually blue, in
axillary racemes. The American species is V. Americana. [Formerly
written broklempe or broklympe.]

BROOK MINT
Brook" mint`. (Bot.)

Defn: See Water mint.

BROOKSIDE
Brook"side`, n.

Defn: The bank of a brook.

BROOKWEED
Brook"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small white-flowered herb (Samolus Valerandi) found usually
in wet places; water pimpernel.

BROOM
Broom, n. Etym: [OE. brom, brome, AS. brom; akin to LG. bram, D.
brem, OHG. bramo broom, thornbrombeere blackberry. Cf. Bramble, n.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant having twigs suitable for making brooms to sweep with
when bound together; esp., the Cytisus scoparius of Western Europe,
which is a low shrub with long, straight, green, angular branches,
mintue leaves, and large yellow flowers.
No gypsy cowered o'er fires of furze and broom. Wordsworth.

2. An implement for sweeping floors, etc., commonly made of the
panicles or tops of broom corn, bound together or attached to a long
wooden handle; -- so called because originally made of the twigs of
the broom. Butcher's broom, a plant (Ruscus aculeatus) of the Smilax
family, used by butchers for brooms to sweep their blocks; -- called
also knee holly. See Cladophyll.
 -- Dyer's broom, a species of mignonette (Reseda luteola), used for
dyeing yellow; dyer's weed; dyer's rocket.
 -- Spanish broom. See under Spanish.

BROOM
Broom, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: See Bream.

BROOM CORN
Broom" corn`. (Bot.)

Defn: A variety of Sorghum vulgare, having a joined stem, like maize,
rising to the height of eight or ten feet, and bearing its seeds on a
panicle with long branches, of which brooms are made.

BROOM RAPE
Broom" rape`. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus (Orobanche) of parasitic plants of Europe and Asia.
They are destitute of chlorophyll, have scales instead of leaves, and
spiked flowers, and grow attached to the roots of other plants, as
furze, clover, flax, wild carrot, etc. The name is sometimes applied
to other plants related to this genus, as Aphyllon uniflorumand A.
Ludovicianum.

BROOMSTAFF
Broom"staff`, n.

Defn: A broomstick. [Obs.] Shak.

BROOMSTICK
Broom"stick`, n.

Defn: A stick used as a handle of a broom.

BROOMY
Broom"y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to broom; overgrowing with broom; resembling
broom or a broom.
If land grow mossy or broomy. Mortimer.

BROSE
Brose, n. Etym: [CF. Gael. brothas. Cf. Brewis, Broth.]

Defn: Pottage made by pouring some boiling liquid on meal (esp.
oatmeal), and stirring it. It is called beef brose, water brose,
etc., according to the name of the liquid (beef broth, hot water,
etc.) used. [Scot.]

BROTEL
Brot"el, a.

Defn: Brittle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BROTELNESS
Brot"el*ness, n.

Defn: Brittleness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BROTH
Broth, n. Etym: [AS. bro; akin to OHG. brod, brot; cf. Ir. broth,
Gael. brot. *93. Cf. Brewis, Brew.]

Defn: Liquid in which flesh (and sometimes other substances, as
barley or rice) has been boiled; thin or simple soup.
I am sure by your unprejudiced discourses that you love broth better
than soup. Addison.

BROTHEL
Broth"el, n. Etym: [OE. brothel, brodel, brethel, a prostitute, a
worthless fellow, fr. AS. beró to ruin, destroy; cf. AS. breótan to
break, and E. brittle. The term brothel house was confused with
bordel brothel. CF. Bordel.]

Defn: A house of lewdness or ill fame; a house frequented by
prostitutes; a bawdyhouse.

BROTHELER
Broth"el*er, n.

Defn: One who frequents brothels.

BROTHELRY
Broth"el*ry, n.

Defn: Lewdness; obscenity; a brothel. B. Jonson.

BROTHER
Broth"er, n.; pl. Brothers or Brethren. See Brethren. Etym: [OE.
brother, AS. bro; akin to OS. brothar, D. broeder, OHG. pruodar, G.
bruder, Icel. bro, Sw. & Dan. broder, Goth. bro, Ir. brathair, W.
brawd, pl. brodyr, Lith. brolis, Lett. brahlis, Russ. brat', Pol. &
Serv. brat, OSlav. brat, L. frater, Skr. bhrat, Zend. bratar brother,
Gr. Brothers; in the solemn style, Brethren, OE. pl. brether,
bretheren, AS. dat. sing. bre, nom. pl. bro, bro. sq. root258. Cf.
Frair, Fraternal.]

1. A male person who has the same father and mother with another
person, or who has one of them only. In the latter case he is more
definitely called a half brother, or brother of the half blood.
Two of us in the churchyard lie, My sister and my brother.
Wordsworth.

2. One related or closely united to another by some common tie or
interest, as of rank, profession, membership in a society, toil,
suffering, etc.; -- used among judges, clergymen, monks, physicians,
lawers, professors of religion, etc. "A brother of your order." Shak.
We few, we happy few, we band of brothers, For he to-day that sheds
his blood with me Shall be my brother. Shak.

3. One who, or that which, resembles another in distinctive qualities
or traits of character.
He also that is slothful in his work is brother to him that is a
great waster. Prov. xviii. 9.
That April morn Of this the very brother. Wordsworth.

Note: In Scripture, the term brother is applied to a kinsman by blood
more remote than a son of the same parents, as in the case of Abraham
and Lot, Jacob and Laban. In a more general sense, brother or
brethren is used for fellow-man or fellow-men.
For of whom such massacre Make they but of their brethren, men of men
Milton.
Brother Jonathan, a humorous designation for the people of the United
States collectively. The phrase is said to have originated from
Washington's referring to the patriotic Jonathan Trumbull, governor
of Connecticut, as "Brother Jonathan." -- Blood brother. See under
Blood.

BROTHER
Broth"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brothered.]

Defn: To make a brother of; to call or treat as a brother; to admit
to a brotherhood. Sir W. Scott.

BROTHER GERMAN
Broth"er ger"man. (Law)

Defn: A brother by both the father's and mother's side, in
contradistinction to a uterine brother, one by the mother only.
Bouvier.

BROTHERHOOD
Broth"er*hood, n. Etym: [Brother + -hood.]

1. The state of being brothers or a brother.

2. An association for any purpose, as a society of monks; a
fraternity.

3. The whole body of persons engaged in the same business, --
especially those of the same profession; as, the legal or medical
brotherhood.

4. Persons, and, poetically, things, of a like kind.
A brotherhood of venerable trees. Wordsworth.

Syn.
 -- Fraternity; association; fellowship; sodality.

BROTHER-IN-LAW
Broth"er-in-law`, n.; pl. Brothers-in-law (.

Defn: The brother of one's husband or wife; also, the husband of
one's sister; sometimes, the husband of one's wife's sister.

BROTHERLINESS
Broth"er*li*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being brotherly.

BROTHERLY
Broth"er*ly, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to brothers; such as is natural for brothers;
becoming to brothers; kind; affectionate; as, brotherly love.

Syn.
 -- Fraternal; kind; affectionate; tender.

BROTHERLY
Broth"er*ly, adv.

Defn: Like a brother; affectionately; kindly. "I speak but brotherly
of him." Shak.

BROUDED
Broud"ed, p.a.

Defn: Braided; broidered. [Obs.]
Alle his clothes brouded up and down. Chaucer.

BROUGHAM
Brough"am, n.

Defn: A light, close carriage, with seats inside for two or four, and
the fore wheels so arranged as to turn short.

BROW
Brow, n. Etym: [OE. browe, bruwe, AS. br; akin to AS. br, breáw,
eyelid, OFries. bre, D. braauw, Icel. bra, br, OHG. prawa, G. braue,
OSlav. br, Russ. brove, Ir. brai, Ir. & Gael. abhra, Armor. abrant,
Gr. bhr. Cf. Bray a bank, Bridge.]

1. The prominent ridge over the eye, with the hair that covers it,
forming an arch above the orbit.
And his arched brow, pulled o'er his eyes, With solemn proof
proclaims him wise. Churchill.

2. The hair that covers the brow (ridge over the eyes); the eyebrow.
'T is not your inky brows, your brack silk hair. Shak.

3. The forehead; as, a feverish brow.
Beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow. Shak.

4. The general air of the countenance.
To whom thus Satan with contemptuous brow. Milton.
He told them with a masterly brow. Milton.

5. The edge or projecting upper aprt of a steep place; as, the brow
of a precipice; the brow of a hill. To bend the brow, To knit the
brows, to frown; to scowl.

BROW
Brow, v. t.

Defn: To bound to limit; to be at, or form, the edge of. [R.]
Tending my flocks hard by i' the hilly crofts That brow this bottom
glade. Milton.

BROWBEAT
Brow"beat`, v. t. [imp. Browbeat; p. p. Browbeaten; p. pr. & vb. n.
Browbeating.]

Defn: To depress or bear down with haughty, stern looks, or with
arrogant speech and dogmatic assertions; to abash or disconcert by
impudent or abusive words or looks; to bully; as, to browbeat
witnesses.
My grandfather was not a man to be browbeaten. W. Irving.

BROWBEATING
Brow"beat`ing, n.

Defn: The act of bearing down, abashing, or disconcerting, with stern
looks, suspercilious manners, or confident assertions.
The imperious browbeating and scorn of great men. L'Estrange.

BROWBOUND
Brow"bound`, a.

Defn: Crowned; having the head encircled as with a diadem. Shak.

BROWDYNG
Browd"yng, n.

Defn: Embroidery. [Obs.]
Of goldsmithrye, of browdying, and of steel. Chaucer.

BROWED
Browed, a.

Defn: Having (such) a brow; -- used in composition; as, dark-browed,
stern-browed.

BROWLESS
Brow"less, a.

Defn: Without shame. L. Addison.

BROWN
Brown, a. [Compar. Browner; superl. Brownest.] Etym: [OE. brun,
broun, AS. br; akin to D. bruin, OHG. br, Icel. br, Sw. brun, Dan.
bruun, G. braun, Lith. brunas, Skr. babhru. *93, 253. Cf. Bruin,
Beaver, Burnish, Brunette.]

Defn: Of a dark color, of various shades between black and red or
yellow.
Cheeks brown as the oak leaves. Longfellow.
Brown Bess, the old regulation flintlock smoothbore musket, with
bronzed barrel, formerly used in the British army.
 -- Brown bread (a) Dark colored bread; esp. a kind made of unbolted
wheat flour, sometimes called in the United States Graham bread. "He
would mouth with a beggar though she smelt brown bread and garlic."
Shak. (b) Dark colored bread made of rye meal and Indian meal, or of
wheat and rye or Indian; rye and Indian bread. [U.S.] -- Brown coal,
wood coal. See Lignite.
 -- Brown hematite or Brown iron ore (Min.), the hydrous iron oxide,
limonite, which has a brown streak. See Limonite.
 -- Brown holland. See under Holland.
 -- Brown paper, dark colored paper, esp. coarse wrapping paper, made
of unbleached materials.
 -- Brown spar (Min.), a ferruginous variety of dolomite, in part
identical with ankerite.
 -- Brown stone. See Brownstone.
 -- Brown stout, a strong kind of proter or malt liquor.
 -- Brown study, a state of mental abstraction or serious reverie. W.
Irving.

BROWN
Brown, n.

Defn: A dark color inclining to red or yellow, resulting from the
mixture of red and black, or of red, black, and yellow; a tawny,
dusky hue.

BROWN
Brown, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Browned; p. pr. & vb. n. Browning.]

1. To make brown or dusky.
A trembling twilight o'er welkin moves,Browns the dim void and
darkens deep the groves. Barlow.

2. To make brown by scorching slightly; as, to brown meat or flour.

3. To give a bright brown color to, as to gun barrels, by forming a
thin coat of oxide on their surface. Ure.

BROWN
Brown, v. i.

Defn: To become brown.

BROWNBACK
Brown"back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dowitcher or red-breasted snipe. See Dowitcher.

BROWN BILL
Brown" bill`. Etym: [Brown + bill cutting tool.]

Defn: A bill or halberd of the 16th and 17th centuries. See 4th Bill.
Many time, but for a sallet, my brainpan had been cleft with a brown
bill. Shak.

Note: The black, or as it is sometimes called, the brown bill, was a
kind of halberd, the cutting part hooked like a woodman's bill, from
the back of which projected a spike, and another from the head.
Grose.

BROWNIAN
Brown"i*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Dr. Robert Brown, who first demonstrated (about
1827) the commonness of the motion described below. Brownian
movement, the peculiar, rapid, vibratory movement exhibited by the
microscopic particles of substances when suspended in water or other
fluids.

BROWNIE
Brown"ie, n. Etym: [So called from its supposed tawny or swarthy
color.]

Defn: An imaginary good-natured spirit, who was supposed often to
perform important services around the house by night, such as
thrashing, churning, sweeping. [Scot.]

BROWNING
Brown"ing, n.

1. The act or operation of giving a brown color, as to gun barrels,
etc.

2. (Masonry)

Defn: A smooth coat of brown mortar, usually the second coat, and the
preparation for the finishing coat of plaster.

BROWNISH
Brown"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat brown.

BROWNISM
Brown"ism, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The views or teachings of Robert Brown of the Brownists.
Milton.

BROWNISM
Brown"ism, n. (Med.)

Defn: The doctrines of the Brunonian system of medicine. See
Brunonian.

BROWNIST
Brown"ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Robert Brown, of England, in the 16th century,
who taught that every church is complete and independent in itself
when organized, and consists of members meeting in one place, having
full power to elect and depose its officers.

BROWNIST
Brown"ist, n. (Med.)

Defn: One who advocates the Brunonian system of medicine.

BROWNNESS
Brown"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being brown.
Now like I brown (O lovely brown thy hair); Only in brownness beauty
dwelleth there. Drayton.

BROWN RACE
Brown race.

Defn: The Malay or Polynesian race; -- loosely so called.

BROWNSTONE
Brown"stone`, n.

Defn: A dark variety of sandstone, much used for building purposes.

BROWN THRUSH
Brown" thrush". (Zoöl.)

Defn: A common American singing bird (Harporhynchus rufus), allied to
the mocking bird; -- also called brown thrasher.

BROWNWORT
Brown"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of figwort or Scrophularia (S. vernalis), and other
species of the same genus, mostly perennials with inconspicuous
coarse flowers.

BROWNY
Brown"y, a.

Defn: Brown or, somewhat brown. "Browny locks." Shak.

BROWPOST
Brow"post`, n. (Carp.)

Defn: A beam that goes across a building.

BROWSE
Browse, n. Etym: [OF. brost, broust, sprout, shoot, F. brout browse,
browsewood, prob. fr. OHG. burst, G. borste, bristle; cf. also Armor.
brousta to browse. See Bristle, n., Brush, n.]

Defn: The tender branches or twigs of trees and shrubs, fit for the
food of cattle and other animals; green food. Spenser.
Sheep, goats, and oxen, and the nobler steed, On browse, and corn,
and flowery meadows feed. Dryden.

BROWSE
Browse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Browsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Browsing.] Etym:
[For broust, OF. brouster, bruster, F. brouter. See Browse, n., and
cf. Brut.]

1. To eat or nibble off, as the tender branches of trees, shrubs,
etc.; -- said of cattle, sheep, deer, and some other animals.
Yes, like the stag, when snow the plasture sheets, The barks of trees
thou browsedst. Shak.

2. To feed on, as pasture; to pasture on; to graze.
Fields . . . browsed by deep-uddered kine. Tennyson.

BROWSE
Browse, v. i.

1. To feed on the tender branches or shoots of shrubs or trees, as do
cattle, sheep, and deer.

2. To pasture; to feed; to nibble. Shak.

BROWSER
Brows"er, n.

Defn: An animal that browses.

BROWSEWOOD
Browse"wood`, n.

Defn: Srubs and bushes upon which animals browse.

BROWSING
Brows"ing, n.

Defn: Browse; also, a place abounding with shrubs where animals may
browse.
Browsings for the deer. Howell.

BROWSPOT
Brow"spot`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rounded organ between the eyes of the frog; the interocular
gland.

BRUANG
Bru*ang", n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Malayan sun bear.

BRUCINE
Bru"cine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. brucine, fr. James Bruce, a Scottish
traveler.] (Chem.)

Defn: A poweful vegetable alkaloid, found, associated with
strychnine, in the seeds of different species of Strychnos,
especially in the Nux vomica. It is less powerful than strychnine.
Called also brucia and brucina.

BRUCITE
Bru"cite, n. Etym: [Named after Dr. A.Bruce of New York.] (Min.)
(a) A white, pearly mineral, occurring thin and foliated, like talc,
and also fibrous; a native magnesium hydrate.
(b) The mineral chondrodite. [R.]

BRUCKELED
Bruck"eled, a.

Defn: Wet and dirty; begrimed. [Obs. or Dial.] Herrick.

BRUH
Bruh, n. (Zoöl.) Etym: [Native name.]

Defn: The rhesus monkey. See Rhesus.

BRUIN
Bru"in, n. Etym: [D. bruin brown. In the epic poem of "Reynard the
Fox" the bear is so called from his color. See Brown, a.]

Defn: A bear; -- so called in popular tales and fables.

BRUISE
Bruise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bruised; p. pr. & vb. n. Bruising.] Etym:
[OE. brusen, brisen, brosen, bresen, AS. br or fr. OF. bruiser,
bruisier, bruser, to break, shiver, perh. from OHG. brochison. Cf.
Break, v. t.]

1. To injure, as by a blow or collision, without laceration; to
contuse; as, to bruise one's finger with a hammer; to bruise the bark
of a tree with a stone; to bruise an apple by letting it fall.

2. To break; as in a mortar; to bray, as minerals, roots, etc.; to
crush.
Nor bruise her flowerets with the armed hoofs. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To pulverize; bray; triturate; pound; contuse.

BRUISE
Bruise, v. i.

Defn: To fight with the fists; to box.
Bruising was considered a fine, manly, old English custom. Thackeray.

BRUISE
Bruise, n.

Defn: An injury to the flesh of animals, or to plants, fruit, etc.,
with a blunt or heavy instrument, or by collision with some other
body; a contusion; as, a bruise on the head; bruises on fruit.
From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in
it; but wounds, and bruises. Isa. i. 6.

BRUISER
Bruis"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, bruises.

2. A boxer; a pugilist. R. Browning.
Like a new bruiser on Broughtonic aand, Amid the lists our hero takes
his stand. T. Warton.

3. A concave tool used in grinding lenses or the speculums of
telescopes. Knight.

BRUISEWORT
Bruise"wort`, n.

Defn: A plant supposed to heal bruises, as the true daisy, the
soapwort, and the comfrey.

BRUIT
Bruit, n. Etym: [OE. bruit, brut, noise, bruit, F. bruit, fr. LL.
brugitus; cf. L. rugire to roar; perh. influenced by the source of E.
bray to make a harsh noise, Armor. brud bruit.]

1. Report; rumor; fame.
The bruit thereof will bring you many friends. Shak.

2. [French pron. (Med.)

Defn: An abnormal sound of several kinds, heard on auscultation.

BRUIT
Bruit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bruited; p. pr. & vb. n. Bruiting.]

Defn: To report; to noise abroad.
I find thou art no less than fame hath bruited. Shak.

BRUMAIRE
Bru`maire", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. bruma winter.]

Defn: The second month of the calendar adopted by the first French
republic. It began thirty days after the autumnal equinox. See
Vendemiaire.

BRUMAL
Bru"mal, a. Etym: [L. brumalis, fr. bruma winter: cf. F. brumal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to winter. "The brumal solstice." Sir T.
Browne.

BRUME
Brume, n. Etym: [F. brume winter season, mist, L. bruma winter.]

Defn: Mist; fog; vapors. "The drifting brume." Longfellow.

BRUMMAGEM
Brum"ma*gem, a. Etym: [Birmingham (formerly Bromwycham), Eng., "the
great mart and manufactory of gilt toys, cheap jewelry," etc.]

Defn: Counterfeit; gaudy but worthless; sham. [Slang] "These
Brummagem gentry." Lady D. Hardy.

BRUMOUS
Bru"mous, a.

Defn: Foggy; misty.

BRUN
Brun, n. Etym: [See Broun a brook.]

Defn: Same as Brun, a brook. [Scot.]

BRUNETTE
Bru*nette", n. Etym: [F. brunet, brunette, brownish, dim. of brun,
brune, brown, fr. OHG. br. See Brown, a.]

Defn: A girl or woman with a somewhat brown or dark complexion.
 -- a.

Defn: Having a dark tint.

BRUNION
Brun"ion, n. Etym: [F. brugnon (cf. It. brugna, prugna), fr. L.
prunum. See Prune, n.]

Defn: A nectarine.

BRUNONIAN
Bru*no"ni*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or invented by, Brown; -- a term applied to a
system of medicine promulgated in the 18th century by John Brown, of
Scotland, the fundamental doctrine of which was, that life is a state
of excitation produced by the normal action of external agents upon
the body, and that disease consists in excess or deficiency of
excitation.

BRUNSWICK BLACK
Bruns"wick black`.

Defn: See Japan black.

BRUNSWICK GREEN
Bruns"wick green`. Etym: [G. Braunschweiger grün, first made at
Brunswick, in Germany.]

Defn: An oxychloride of copper, used as a green pigment; also, a
carbonate of copper similarly employed.

BRUNT
Brunt, n. Etym: [OE. brunt, bront, fr. Icel. bruna to rush; cf. Icel.
brenna to burn. Cf. Burn, v. t.]

1. The heat, or utmost violence, of an onset; the strength or
greatest fury of any contention; as, the brunt of a battle.

2. The force of a blow; shock; collision. "And heavy brunt of cannon
ball." Hudibras.
It is instantly and irrecoverably scattered by our first brunt with
some real affair of common life. I. Taylor.

BRUSH
Brush, n. Etym: [OE. brusche, OF. broche, broce, brosse, brushwood,
F. brosse brush, LL. brustia, bruscia, fr. OHG. brusta, brust,
bristle, G. borste bristle, bürste brush. See Bristle, n., and cf.
Browse.]

1. An instrument composed of bristles, or other like material, set in
a suitable back or handle, as of wood, bone, or ivory, and used for
various purposes, as in removing dust from clothes, laying on colors,
etc. Brushes have different shapes and names according to their use;
as, clothes brush, paint brush, tooth brush, etc.

2. The bushy tail of a fox.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tuft of hair on the mandibles.

4. Branches of trees lopped off; brushwood.

5. A thicket of shrubs or small trees; the shrubs and small trees in
a wood; underbrush.

6. (Elec.)

Defn: A bundle of flexible wires or thin plates of metal, used to
conduct an electrical current to or from the commutator of a dynamo,
electric motor, or similar apparatus.

7. The act of brushing; as, to give one's clothes a brush; a rubbing
or grazing with a quick motion; a light touch; as, we got a brush
from the wheel as it passed.
[As leaves] have with one winter's brush Fell from their boughts.
Shak.

8. A skirmish; a slight encounter; a shock or collision; as, to have
a brush with an enemy.
Let grow thy sinews till their knots be strong, And tempt not yet the
brushes of the war. Shak.

9. A short contest, or trial, of speed.
Let us enjoy a brush across the country. Cornhill Mag.
Electrical brush, a form of the electric discharge characterized by a
brushlike appearance of luminous rays diverging from an electrified
body.

BRUSH
Brush, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brushed; p. pr. & vb. n. Brushing.] Etym:
[OE. bruschen; cf. F. brosser. See Brush, n.]

1. To apply a brush to, according to its particular use; to rub,
smooth, clean, paint, etc., with a brush. "A' brushes his hat o'
mornings." Shak.

2. To touch in passing, or to pass lightly over, as with a brush.
Some spread their sailes, some with strong oars sweep The waters
smooth, and brush the buxom wave. Fairfax.
Brushed with the kiss of rustling wings. Milton.

3. To remove or gather by brushing, or by an act like that of
brushing, or by passing lightly over, as wind; -- commonly with off.
As wicked dew as e'er my mother brushed With raven's feather from
unwholesome fen. Shak.
And from the boughts brush off the evil dew. Milton.
To brush aside, to remove from one's way, as with a brush.
 -- To brush away, to remove, as with a brush or brushing motion.
 -- To brush up, to paint, or make clean or bright with a brush; to
cleanse or improve; to renew.
You have commissioned me to paint your shop, and I have done my best
to brush you up like your neighbors. Pope.

BRUSH
Brush, v. i.

Defn: To move nimbly in haste; to move so lightly as scarcely to be
perceived; as, to brush by.
Snatching his hat, he brushed off like the wind. Goldsmith.

BRUSHER
Brush"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, brushes.

BRUSHINESS
Brush"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of resembling a brush; brushlike condition;
shagginess. Dr. H. More.

BRUSHING
Brush"ing, a.

1. Constructed or used to brush with; as a brushing machine.

2. Brisk; light; as, a brushing gallop.

BRUSHITE
Brush"ite, n. Etym: [From George J.Brush, an American mineralogist.]
(Min.)

Defn: A white or gray crystalline mineral consisting of the acid
phosphate of calcium.

BRUSH TURKEY
Brush" tur`key. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, edible, gregarious bird of Australia (Talegalla
Lathami) of the family Megapodidæ. Also applied to several allied
species of New Guinea.

Note: The brush turkeys live in the "brush," and construct a common
nest by collecting a large heap of decaying vegetable matter, which
generates heat sufficient to hatch the numerous eggs (sometimes half
a bushel) deposited in it by the females of the flock.

BRUSH WHEEL
Brush" wheel`.

1. A wheel without teeth, used to turn a similar one by the friction
of bristles or something brushlike or soft attached to the
circumference.

2. A circular revolving brush used by turners, lapidaries,
silversmiths, etc., for polishing.

BRUSHWOOD
Brush"wood, n.

1. Brush; a thicket or coppice of small trees and shrubs.

2. Small branches of trees cut off.

BRUSHY
Brush"y, a.

Defn: Resembling a brush; shaggy; rough.

BRUSK
Brusk, a.

Defn: Same as Brusque.

BRUSQUE
Brusque, a. Etym: [F. brusque, from It. brusco brusque, tart, sour,
perh. fr. L. (vitis) labrusca wild (vine); or cf. OHG. bruttisc grim,
fr. brutti terror.]

Defn: Rough and prompt in manner; blunt; abrupt; hluff; as, a brusque
man; a brusque style.

BRUSQUENESS
Brusque"ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being brusque; roughness joined with promptness;
blutness. Brit. Quar.

BRUSSELS
Brus"sels, n.

Defn: A city of Belgium, giving its name to a kind of carpet, a kind
of lace, etc. Brussels carpet, a kind of carpet made of worsted yarn
fixed in a foundation web of strong linen thread. The worsted, which
alone shows on the upper surface in drawn up in loops to form the
pattern.
 -- Brussels ground, a name given to the handmade ground of real
Brussels lace. It is very costly because of the extreme fineness of
the threads.
 -- Brussels lace, an expensive kind of lace of several varieties,
originally made in Brussels; as, Brussels point, Brussels ground,
Brussels wire ground.
 -- Brussels net, an imitation of Brussels ground, made by machinery.
 -- Brussels point. See Point lace.
 -- Brussels sprouts (Bot.), a plant of the Cabbage family, which
produces, in the axils of the upright stem, numerous small green
heads, or "sprouts," each a cabbage in miniature, of one or two
inches in diameter; the thousand-headed cabbage.
 -- Brussels wire ground, a ground for lace, made of silk, with
meshes partly straight and partly arched.

BRUSTLE
Brus"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Brustled; p. pr. & vb. n. Brustling.]
Etym: [OE. brustlien and brastlien, AS. brastlian, fr. berstan to
burst, akin to G. prasseln to crackle. See Burst, v. i.]

1. To crackle; to rustle, as a silk garment. [Obs.] Gower.

2. To make a show of fireceness or defiance; to bristle. [Obs.] To
brustle up, to bristle up. [Obs.] Otway.

BRUSTLE
Brus"tle, n.

Defn: A bristle. [Obs. or Prov.] Chaucer.

BRUT
Brut, v. i. Etym: [F. brouter, OF. brouster. See Browse, n.]

Defn: To browse. [Obs.] Evelyn.

BRUT
Brut, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Birt.

BRUTA
Bru"ta, n. Etym: [NL., neuter pl., fr. L. brutus heavy, stupid.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: See Edentata.

BRUTAL
Bru"tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. brutal. See Brute, a.]

1. Of or pertaining to a brute; as, brutal nature. "Above the rest of
brutal kind." Milton.

2. Like a brute; savage; cruel; inhuman; brutish; unfeeling;
merciless; gross; as, brutal manners. "Brutal intemperance."
Macaulay.

BRUTALISM
Bru"tal*ism, n.

Defn: Brutish quality; brutality.

BRUTALITY
Bru*tal"i*ty, n.; pl. Brutalities. Etym: [Cf. F. brutalité.]

1. The quality of being brutal; inhumanity; savageness; pitilessness.

2. An inhuman act.
The . . . brutalities exercised in war. Brougham.

BRUTALIZATION
Bru`tal*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of making brutal; state of being brutalized.

BRUTALIZE
Bru"tal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brutalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Brutalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. brutaliser.]

Defn: To make brutal; beasty; unfeeling; or inhuman.

BRUTALIZE
Bru"tal*ize, v. i.

Defn: To become brutal, inhuman, barbarous, or coarse and beasty.
[R.]
He mixed . . . with his countrymen, brutalized with them in their
habits and manners. Addison.

BRUTALLY
Bru"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a brutal manner; cruelly.

BRUTE
Brute, a. Etym: [F. brut, nasc., brute, fem., raw, rough, rude,
brutish, L. brutus stupid, irrational: cf. It. & Sp. bruto.]

1. Not having sensation; senseless; inanimate; unconscious; without
intelligence or volition; as, the brute earth; the brute powers of
nature.

2. Not possessing reason, irrational; unthinking; as, a brute beast;
the brute creation.
A creature . . . not prone And brute as other creatures, but endued
With sanctity of reason. Milton.

3. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of, a brute beast. Hence:
Brutal; cruel; fierce; ferocious; savage; pitiless; as, brute
violence. Macaulay.
The influence of capital and mere brute labor. Playfair.

4. Having the physical powers predominating over the mental; coarse;
unpolished; unintelligent.
A great brute farmer from Liddesdale. Sir W. Scott.

5. Rough; uncivilized; unfeeling. [R.]

BRUTE
Brute, n.

1. An animal destitute of human reason; any animal not human; esp. a
quadruped; a beast.
Brutes may be considered as either aëral, terrestrial, aquatic, or
amphibious. Locke.

2. A brutal person; a savage in heart or manners; as unfeeling or
coarse person.
An ill-natured brute of a husband. Franklin.

Syn.
 -- See Beast.

BRUTE
Brute, v. t. Etym: [For bruit.]

Defn: To report; to bruit. [Obs.]

BRUTELY
Brute"ly, adv.

Defn: In a rude or violent manner.

BRUTENESS
Brute"ness, n.

1. Brutality. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Insensibility. "The bruteness of nature." Emerson.

BRUTIFY
Bru"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brutified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Brutifying.] Etym: [Brute + -fy: cf. F. brutifier.]

Defn: To make like a brute; to make senseless, stupid, or unfeeling;
to brutalize.
Any man not quite brutified and void of sense. Barrow.

BRUTING
Bru"ting, n.

Defn: Browsing. [Obs.] Evelyn.

BRUTISH
Bru"tish, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a brute or brutes; of a cruel,
gross, and stupid nature; coarse; unfeeling; unintelligent.
O, let all provocation Take every brutish shape it can devise. Leigh
Hunt.
Man may . . . render himself brutish, but it is in vain that he would
seek to take the rank and density of the brute. I. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- Insensible; stupid; unfeeling; savage; cruel; brutal; barbarous;
inhuman; ferocious; gross; carnal; sensual; bestial.
 -- Bru"tish*ly, adv.
 -- Bru"tish*ness, n.

BRUTISM
Bru"tism, n.

Defn: The nature or characteristic qualities or actions of a brute;
extreme stupidity, or beastly vulgarity.

BRYOLOGICAL
Bry*o*log"i*cal, a.

Defn: Relating to bryology; as, bryological studies.

BRYOLOGIST
Bry*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in bryology.

BRYOLOGY
Bry*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: That part of botany which relates to mosses.

BRYONIN
Bry"o*nin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter principle obtained from the root of the bryony
(Bryonia alba and B. dioica). It is a white, or slightly colored,
substance, and is emetic and cathartic.

BRYONY
Bry"o*ny, n. Etym: [L. bryonia, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The common name of several cucurbitaceous plants of the genus
Bryonia. The root of B. alba (rough or white bryony) and of B. dioica
is a strong, irritating cathartic. Black bryony, a plant (Tamus
communis) so named from its dark glossy leaves and black root; black
bindweed.

BRYOPHYTA
Bry*oph"y*ta, n. pl.

Defn: See Cryptogamia.

BRYOZOA
Bry`o*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of Molluscoidea, including minute animals which by
budding form compound colonies; -- called also Polyzoa.

Note: They are often coralike in form and appearance, each small cell
containing an individual zooid. Other species grow in delicate,
flexible, branched forms, resembling moss, whence the name. Some are
found in fresh water, but most are marine. The three principal
divisions are Ectoprocta, Entoprocta, and Pterobranchia. See
Cyclostoma, Chilostoma, and Phylactolema.

BRYOZOAN
Bry`o*zo"an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Bryozoa.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Bryozoa.

BRYOZOUM
Bry`o*zo"um, n. Etym: [NL. See Bryozoa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An individual zooid of a bryozoan coralline, of which there may
be two or more kinds in a single colony. The zooecia usually have a
wreath of tentacles around the mouth, and a well developed stomach
and intestinal canal; but these parts are lacking in the other zooids
(Avicularia, Ooecia, etc.).

BUANSUAH
Bu`an*su"ah, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wild dog of northern India (Cuon primævus), supposed by
some to be an ancestral species of the domestic dog.

BUAT
Bu"at, n. Etym: [Scot., of uncertain origin.]

Defn: A lantern; also, the moon. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

BUB
Bub, n.

Defn: Strong malt liquor. [Cant] Prior.

BUB
Bub, n. Etym: [Cf. 2d Bubby.]

Defn: A young brother; a little boy; -- a familiar term of address of
a small boy.

BUB
Bub, v. t. Etym: [Abbrev. from Bubble.]

Defn: To throw out in bubbles; to bubble. [Obs.] Sackville.

BUBALE
Bu"ba*le, n. Etym: [Cf. F. bubale. See Buffalo, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large antelope (Alcelaphus bubalis) of Egypt and the Desert
of Sahara, supposed by some to be the fallow deer of the Bible.

BUBALINE
Bu"ba*line, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling a buffalo. Bubaline antelope (Zoöl.), the bubale.

BUBBLE
Bub"ble, n. Etym: [Cf. D. bobbel, Dan. boble, Sw. bubbla. Cf. Blob,
n.]

1. A thin film of liquid inflated with air or gas; as, a soap bubble;
bubbles on the surface of a river.
Beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow, Like bubbles in a late
disturbed stream. Shak.

2. A small quantity of air or gas within a liquid body; as, bubbles
rising in champagne or aërated waters.

3. A globule of air, or globular vacuum, in a transparent solid; as,
bubbles in window glass, or in a lens.

4. A small, hollow, floating bead or globe, formerly used for testing
the strength of spirits.

5. The globule of air in the spirit tube of a level.

6. Anything that wants firmness or solidity; that which is more
specious than real; a false show; a cheat or fraud; a delusive
scheme; an empty project; a dishonest speculation; as, the South Sea
bubble.
Then a soldier . . . Seeking the bubble reputation Even in the
cannon's mouth. Shak.

7. A person deceived by an empty project; a gull. [Obs.] "Ganny's a
cheat, and I'm a bubble." Prior.

BUBBLE
Bub"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bubbled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Bubbling (.]
Etym: [Cf. D. bobbelen, Dan. boble. See Bubble, n.]

1. To rise in bubbles, as liquids when boiling or agitated; to
contain bubbles.
The milk that bubbled in the pail. Tennyson.

2. To run with a gurdling noise, as if forming bubbles; as, a
bubbling stream. Pope.

3. To sing with a gurgling or warbling sound.
At mine ear Bubbled the nightingale and heeded not. Tennyson.

BUBBLER
Bub"bler, v. t.

Defn: To cheat; to deceive.
She has bubbled him out of his youth. Addison.
The great Locke, who was seldom outwitted by false sounds, was
nevertheless bubbled here. Sterne.

BUBBLER
Bub"bler, n.

1. One who cheats.
All the Jews, jobbers, bubblers, subscribers, projectors, etc. Pope.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of the Ohio river; -- so called from the noise it makes.

BUBBLE SHELL
Bub"ble shell`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine univalve shell of the genus Bulla and allied genera,
belonging to the Tectibranchiata.

BUBBLING JOCK
Bub"bling Jock` (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male wild turkey, the gobbler; -- so called in allusion to
its notes.

BUBBLY
Bub"bly, a.

Defn: Abounding in bubbles; bubbling. Nash.

BUBBY
Bub"by (bûb"by), n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. G. bübbi, or It. poppa, Pr.
popa, OF. poupe, a woman's breast.]

Defn: A woman's breast. [Low]

BUBBY
Bub"by, n. Etym: [A corruption of brother.]

Defn: Bub; -- a term of familiar or affectionate address to a small
boy.

BUBO
Bu"bo, n.; pl. Buboes (. Etym: [LL. bubo the groin, a swelling in the
groin, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An inflammation, with enlargement, of a limphatic gland, esp.
in the groin, as in syphilis.

BUBONIC
Bu*bon"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a bubo or buboes; characterized by buboes.

BUBONOCELE
Bu*bon"o*cele, n. Etym: [Gr. bubonocèle.] (Med.)

Defn: An inguinal hernia; esp. that incomplete variety in which the
hernial pouch descends only as far as the groin, forming a swelling
there like a bubo.

BUBUKLE
Bu"bu*kle, n.

Defn: A red pimple. [R.] Shak.

BUCCAL
Buc"cal, a. Etym: [L. bucca cheek: cf. F. buccal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the mouth or cheeks.

BUCCAN
Buc"can, n. [F. boucan. See Buccaneer.]

1.

Defn: A wooden frame or grid for roasting, smoking, or drying meat
over fire.

2.  A place where meat is smoked.

3.  Buccaned meat.

BUCCAN
Buc"can, v. t. [F. boucaner. See Buccaneer.]

Defn: To expose (meat) in strips to fire and smoke upon a buccan.

BUCCANEER
Buc`ca*neer", n. Etym: [F. boucanier, fr. boucaner to smoke or broil
meat and fish, to hunt wild beasts for their skins, boucan a smoking
place for meat or fish, gridiron for smoking: a word of American
origin.]

Defn: A robber upon the sea; a pirate; -- a term applied especially
to the piratical adventurers who made depredations on the Spaniards
in America in the 17th and 18th centuries. [Written also bucanier.]

Note: Primarily, one who dries and smokes flesh or fish after the
manner of the Indians. The name was first given to the French
settlers in Hayti or Hispaniola, whose business was to hunt wild
cattle and swine.

BUCCANEER
Buc`ca*neer", v. i.

Defn: To act the part of a buccaneer; to live as a piratical
adventurer or sea robber.

BUCCANEERISH
Buc`ca*neer"ish, a.

Defn: Like a buccaneer; piratical.

BUCCINAL
Buc"ci*nal, a. Etym: [L. bucina a crooked horn or trumpet.]

Defn: Shaped or sounding like a trumpet; trumpetlike.

BUCCINATOR
Buc`ci*na"tor, n. Etym: [L., a trumpeter, fr. bucinare to sound the
trumpet.] (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle of the cheek; -- so called from its use in blowing
wind instruments.

BUCCINOID
Buc"ci*noid, a. Etym: [Buccinum + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling the genus Buccinum, or pertaining to the Buccinidæ,
a family of marine univalve shells. See Whelk, and Prosobranchiata.

BUCCINUM
Buc"ci*num, n. Etym: [L., a trumpet, a trumpet shell.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large univalve mollusks abundant in the arctic seas.
It includes the common whelk (B. undatum).

BUCENTAUR
Bu*cen"taur, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A fabulous monster, half ox, half man.

2. Etym: [It. bucentoro.]

Defn: The state barge of Venice, used by the doge in the ceremony of
espousing the Adriatic.

BUCEPHALUS
Bu*ceph"a*lus, n. [L., fr. Gr. , lit., ox-headed;  ox +  head.]

1.

Defn: The celebrated war horse of Alexander the Great.

2.  Hence, any riding horse. [Jocose] Sir W. Scott.

BUCEROS
Bu"ce*ros, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large perching birds; the hornbills.

BUCHOLZITE
Buch"ol*zite, n. Etym: [So called from Bucholz, a German chemist.]
(Min.)

Defn: Same as Fibrolite.

BUCHU
Bu"chu, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A South African shrub (Barosma) with small leaves that are
dotted with oil dlands; also, the leaves themselves, which are used
in medicine for diseases of the urinary organs, etc. Several species
furnish the leaves.

BUCK
Buck, n. Etym: [Akin to LG. büke, Dan. byg, Sw. byk, G. bauche: cf.
It. bucato, Prov. Sp. bugada, F. buée.]

1. Lye or suds in which cloth is soaked in the operation of
bleaching, or in which clothes are washed.

2. The cloth or clothes soaked or washed. [Obs.] Shak.

BUCK
Buck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bucked; p. pr. & vb. n. Bucking.] Etym:
[OE. bouken; akin to LG. büken, Dan. byge, Sw. byka, G. bauchen,
beuchen; cf. OF. buer. Cf. the preceding noun.]

1. To soak, steep, or boil, in lye or suds; -- a process in
bleaching.

2. To wash (clothes) in lye or suds, or, in later usage, by beating
them on stones in running water.

3. (Mining)

Defn: To break up or pulverize, as ores.

BUCK
Buck, n. Etym: [OE. buk, bucke, AS. bucca, bua, he-goat; akin to D.
bok, OHG. pocch, G. bock, Ir. boc, W. bwch, Corn. byk; cf. Zend b,
Skr. bukka. *256. Cf. Butcher, n.]

1. The male of deer, especially fallow deer and antelopes, or of
goats, sheep, hares, and rabbits.

Note: A male fallow deer is called a fawn in his first year; a
pricket in his second; a sorel in his third; a sore in his fourth; a
buck of the first head in his fifth; and a great buck in his sixth.
The female of the fallow deer is termed a doe. The male of the red
deer is termed a stag or hart and not a buck, and the female is
called a hind. Brande & C.

2. A gay, dashing young fellow; a fop; a dandy.
The leading bucks of the day. Thackeray.

3. A male Indian or negro. [Colloq. U.S.]

Note: The word buck is much used in composition for the names of
antelopes; as, bush buck, spring buck. Blue buck. See under Blue.
 -- Water buck, a South African variety of antelope (Kobus
ellipsiprymnus). See Illust. of Antelope.

BUCK
Buck, v. i.

1. To copulate, as bucks and does.

2. To spring with quick plunging leaps, descending with the fore legs
rigid and the head held as low down as possible; -- said of a vicious
horse or mule.

BUCK
Buck, v. t.

1. (Mil.)

Defn: To subject to a mode of punishment which consists in tying the
wrists together, passing the arms over the bent knees, and putting a
stick across the arms and in the angle formed by the knees.

2. To throw by bucking. See Buck, v. i., 2.
The brute that he was riding had nearly bucked him out of the saddle.
W. E. Norris.

BUCK
Buck, n.

Defn: A frame on which firewood is sawed; a sawhorse; a sawbuck. Buck
saw, a saw set in a frame and used for sawing wood on a sawhorse.

BUCK
Buck, n. Etym: [See Beech, n.]

Defn: The beech tree. [Scot.] Buck mast, the mast or fruit of the
beech tree. Johnson.

BUCK-BASKET
Buck"-bas`ket, n. Etym: [See 1st Buck.]

Defn: A basket in which clothes are carried to the wash. Shak.

BUCK BEAN
Buck" bean`. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Menyanthes trifoliata) which grows in moist and boggy
places, having racems of white or reddish flowers and intensely
bitter leaves, sometimes used in medicine; marsh trefoil; -- called
also bog bean.

BUCKBOARD
Buck"board`, n.

Defn: A four-wheeled vehicle, having a long elastic board or frame
resting on the bolsters or axletrees, and a seat or seats placed
transversely upon it; -- called also buck wagon.

BUCKER
Buck"er, n. (Mining)

1. One who bucks ore.

2. A broad-headed hammer used in bucking ore.

BUCKER
Buck"er, n.

Defn: A horse or mule that bucks.

BUCKET
Buck"et, n. Etym: [OE. boket; cf. AS. buc pitcher, or Corn. buket
tub.]

1. A vessel for drawing up water from a well, or for catching,
holding, or carrying water, sap, or other liquids.
The old oaken bucket, the iron-bound bucket, The moss-covered bucket,
which hung in the well. Wordsworth.

2. A vessel (as a tub or scoop) for hoisting and conveying coal, ore,
grain, etc.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: One of the receptacles on the rim of a water wheel into which
the water rushes, causing the wheel to revolve; also, a float of a
paddle wheel.

4. The valved piston of a lifting pump. Fire bucket, a bucket for
carrying water to put out fires.
 -- To kick the bucket, to die. [Low]

BUCKET SHOP
Buck"et shop`.

Defn: An office or a place where facilities are given for betting
small sums on current prices of stocks, petroleum, etc. [Slang, U.S.]

BUCKETY
Buck"et*y, n. Etym: [A corruption of buckwheat.]

Defn: Paste used by weavers to dress their webs. Buchanan.

BUCKEYE
Buck"eye`, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several American trees and shrubs of the same
genus (Æsculus) as the horse chestnut. The Ohio buckeye, or Fetid
buckeye, is Æsculus glabra.
 -- Red buckeye is Æ. Pavia.
 -- Small buckeye is Æ. paviflora.
 -- Sweet buckeye, or Yellow buckeye, is Æ. flava.

2. A cant name for a native in Ohio. [U.S.] Buckeye State, Ohio; --
so called because buckeye trees abound there.

BUCK-EYED
Buck"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having bad or speckled eyes. "A buck-eyed horse." James White.

BUCK FEVER
Buck fever.

Defn: Intense excitement at the sight of deer or other game, such as
often unnerves a novice in hunting. [Colloq.]

BUCKHOUND
Buck"hound`, n.

Defn: A hound for hunting deer. Master of the buckhounds, an officer
in the royal household. [Eng.]

BUCKIE
Buck"ie, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large spiral marine shell, esp. the common whelk. See
Buccinum. [Scot.] Deil's buckie, a perverse, refractory youngster.
[Slang]

BUCKING
Buck"ing, n.

1. The act or process of soaking or boiling cloth in an alkaline
liquid in the operation of bleaching; also, the liquid used.
Tomlinson.

2. A washing.

3. The process of breaking up or pulverizing ores. Bucking iron
(Mining), a broad-faced hammer, used in bucking or breaking up ores.
 -- Bucking kier (Manuf.), a large circular boiler, or kier, used in
bleaching.
 -- Bucking stool, a washing block.

BUCKISH
Buck"ish, a.

Defn: Dandified; foppish.

BUCKLE
Buc"kle, n. Etym: [OE. bocle buckle, boss of a shield, OF. bocle, F.
boucle, boss of a shield, ring, fr. L. buccula a little cheek or
mouth, dim. of bucca cheek; this boss or knob resembling a cheek.]

1. A device, usually of metal, consisting of a frame with one more
movable tongues or catches, used for fastening things together, as
parts of dress or harness, by means of a strap passing through the
frame and pierced by the tongue.

2. A distortion bulge, bend, or kink, as in a saw blade or a plate of
sheet metal. Knight.

3. A curl of hair, esp. a kind of crisp curl formerly worn; also, the
state of being curled.
Earlocks in tight buckles on each side of a lantern face. W. Irving.
Lets his wig lie in buckle for a whole half year. Addison.

4. A contorted expression, as of the face. [R.]
'Gainst nature armed by gravity, His features too in buckle see.
Churchill.

BUCKLE
Buc"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buckled; p. pr. & vb. n. Buckling.]
Etym: [OE. boclen, F. boucler. See Buckle, n.]

1. To fasten or confine with a buckle or buckles; as, to buckle a
harness.

2. To bend; to cause to kink, or to become distorted.

3. To prepare for action; to apply with vigor and earnestness; --
generally used reflexively.
Cartwright buckled himself to the employment. Fuller.

4. To join in marriage. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

BUCKLE
Buc"kle, v. i.

1. To bend permanently; to become distorted; to bow; to curl; to
kink.
Buckled with the heat of the fire like parchment. Pepys.

2. To bend out of a true vertical plane, as a wall.

3. To yield; to give way; to cease opposing. [Obs.]
The Dutch, as high as they seem, do begin to buckle. Pepys.

4. To enter upon some labor or contest; to join in close fight; to
struggle; to contend.
The bishop was as able and ready to buckle with the Lord Protector as
he was with him. Latimer.
In single combat thou shalt buckle with me. Shak.
To buckle to, to bend to; to engage with zeal.
To make our sturdy humor buckle thereto. Barrow.
Before buckling to my winter's work. J. D. Forbes.

BUCKLER
Buc"kler, n. Etym: [OE. bocler, OF. bocler, F. bouclier, a shield
with a boss, from OF. bocle, boucle, boss. See Buckle, n.]

1. A kind of shield, of various shapes and sizes, worn on one of the
arms (usually the left) for protecting the front of the body.

Note: In the sword and buckler play of the Middle Ages in England,
the buckler was a small shield, used, not to cover the body, but to
stop or parry blows.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the large, bony, external plates found on many ganoid
fishes.
(b) The anterior segment of the shell of trilobites.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A block of wood or plate of iron made to fit a hawse hole, or
the circular opening in a half-port, to prevent water from entering
when the vessel pitches. Blind buckler (Naut.), a solid buckler.
 -- Buckler mustard (Bot.), a genus of plants (Biscutella) with small
bright yellow flowers. The seed vessel on bursting resembles two
bucklers or shields.
 -- Buckler thorn, a plant with seed vessels shaped like a buckler.
See Christ's thorn.
 -- Riding buckler (Naut.), a buckler with a hole for the passage of
a cable.

BUCKLER
Buc"kler, v. t.

Defn: To shield; to defend. [Obs.]
Can Oxford, that did ever fence the right, Now buckler falsehood with
a pedigree Shak.

BUCKLER-HEADED
Buc"kler-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a head like a buckler.

BUCKLING
Buc"kling, a.

Defn: Wavy; curling, as hair. Latham.

BUCKRA
Buck"ra, n. Etym: [In the language of the Calabar coast, buckra means
"demon, a powerful and superior being." J.L.Wilson.]

Defn: A white man; -- a term used by negroes of the African coast,
West Indies, etc.

BUCKRA
Buck"ra, a.

Defn: White; white man's; strong; good; as, buckra yam, a white yam.

BUCKRAM
Buck"ram, n. Etym: [OE. bokeram, bougeren, OF. boqueran, F. bougran,
MHG. buckeram, LL. buchiranus, boquerannus, fr. MHG. boc, G. bock,
goat (as being made of goat's hair), or fr. F. bouracan, by
transposing the letter r. See Buck, Barracan.]

1. A coarse cloth of linen or hemp, stiffened with size or glue, used
in garments to keep them in the form intended, and for wrappers to
cover merchandise.

Note: Buckram was formerly a very different material from that now
known by the name. It was used for wearing apparel, etc. Beck
(Draper's Dict. ).

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant. See Ramson. Dr. Prior.

BUCKRAM
Buck"ram, a.

1. Made of buckram; as, a buckram suit.

2. Stiff; precise. "Buckram dames." Brooke.

BUCKRAM
Buck"ram, v. t.

Defn: To strengthen with buckram; to make stiff. Cowper.

BUCK'S-HORN
Buck's"-horn`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant with leaves branched somewhat like a buck's horn
(Plantago Coronopus); also, Lobelia coronopifolia.

BUCKSHOT
Buck"shot`, n.

Defn: A coarse leaden shot, larger than swan shot, used in hunting
deer and large game.

BUCKSKIN
Buck"skin`, n.

1. The skin of a buck.

2. A soft strong leather, usually yellowish or grayish in color, made
of deerskin.

3. A person clothed in buckskin, particularly an American soldier of
the Revolutionary war.
Cornwallis fought as lang's he dought, An' did the buckskins claw,
man. Burns.

4. pl.

Defn: Breeches made of buckskin.
I have alluded to his buckskin. Thackeray.

BUCKSTALL
Buck"stall`, n.

Defn: A toil or net to take deer.

BUCKTHORN
Buck"thorn`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus (Rhamnus) of shrubs or trees. The shorter branches of
some species terminate in long spines or thorns. See Rhamnus. Sea
buckthorn, a plant of the genus Hippophaë.

BUCKTOOTH
Buck"tooth`, n.

Defn: Any tooth that juts out.
When he laughed, two white buckteeth protruded. Thackeray.

BUCKWHEAT
Buck"wheat`, n. Etym: [Buck a beech tree + wheat; akin to D.
boekweit, G. buchweizen.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Fagopyrum esculentum) of the Polygonum family, the
seed of which is used for food.

2. The triangular seed used, when ground, for griddle cakes, etc.

BUCOLIC
Bu*col"ic, a. Etym: [L. bucolicus, Gr. kal to drive: cf. F.
bucolique. See Cow the animal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the life and occupation of a shepherd;
pastoral; rustic.

BUCOLIC
Bu*col"ic, n. Etym: [L. Bucolicôn poëma.]

Defn: A pastoral poem, representing rural affairs, and the life,
manners, and occupation of shepherds; as, the Bucolics of Theocritus
and Virgil. Dryden.

BUCOLICAL
Bu*col"ic*al, a.

Defn: Bucolic.

BUCRANIUM
Bu*cra"ni*um, n.; pl. L. Bucrania. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A sculptured ornament, representing an ox skull adorned with
wreaths, etc.

BUD
Bud, n. Etym: [OE. budde; cf. D. bot, G. butze, butz, the core of a
fruit, bud, LG. butte in hagebutte, hainbutte, a hip of the dog-rose,
or OF. boton, F. bouton, bud, button, OF. boter to bud, push; all
akin to E. beat. See Button.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A small protuberance on the stem or branches of a plant,
containing the rudiments of future leaves, flowers, or stems; an
undeveloped branch or flower.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A small protuberance on certain low forms of animals and
vegetables which develops into a new organism, either free or
attached. See Hydra. Bud moth (Zoöl.), a lepidopterous insect of
several species, which destroys the buds of fruit trees; esp.
Tmetocera ocellana and Eccopsis malana on the apple tree.

BUD
Bud, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Budded; p. pr. & vb. n. Budding.]

1. To put forth or produce buds, as a plant; to grow, as a bud does,
into a flower or shoot.

2. To begin to grow, or to issue from a stock in the manner of a bud,
as a horn.

3. To be like a bud in respect to youth and freshness, or growth and
promise; as, a budding virgin. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To sprout; germinate; blossom.

BUD
Bud, v. t.

Defn: To graft, as a plant with another or into another, by inserting
a bud from the one into an opening in the bark of the other, in order
to raise, upon the budded stock, fruit different from that which it
would naturally bear.
The apricot and the nectarine may be, and usually are, budded upon
the peach; the plum and the peach are budded on each other. Farm.
Dict.

BUDDHA
Bud"dha, n. Etym: [Skr. buddha wise, sage, fr. budh to know.]

Defn: The title of an incarnation of self-abnegation, virtue, and
wisdom, or a deified religious teacher of the Buddhists, esp. Gautama
Siddartha or Sakya Sinha (or Muni), the founder of Buddhism.

BUDDHISM
Bud"dhism, n.

Defn: The religion based upon the doctrine originally taught by the
Hindoo sage Gautama Siddartha, surnamed Buddha, "the awakened or
enlightened," in the sixth century b.c., and adopted as a religion by
the greater part of the inhabitants of Central and Eastern Asia and
the Indian Islands. Buddha's teaching is believed to have been
atheistic; yet it was characterized by elevated humanity and
morality. It presents release from existence (a beatific
enfranchisement, Nirvâna) as the greatest good. Buddhists believe in
transmigration of souls through all phases and forms of life. Their
number was estimated in 1881 at 470,000,000.

BUDDHIST
Bud"dhist, n.

Defn: One who accepts the teachings of Buddhism.

BUDDHIST
Bud"dhist, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Buddha, Buddhism, or the Buddhists.

BUDDHISTIC
Bud*dhis"tic, a.

Defn: Same as Buddhist, a.

BUDDING
Bud"ding, n.

1. The act or process of producing buds.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A process of asexual reproduction, in which a new organism or
cell is formed by a protrusion of a portion of the animal or
vegetable organism, the bud thus formed sometimes remaining attached
to the parent stalk or cell, at other times becoming free; gemmation.
See Hydroidea.

3. The act or process of ingrafting one kind of plant upon another
stock by inserting a bud under the bark.

BUDDLE
Bud"dle, n. Etym: [Prov. E., to cleanse ore, also a vessel for this
purpose; cf. G. butteln to shake.] (Mining)

Defn: An apparatus, especially an inclined trough or vat, in which
stamped ore is concentrated by subjecting it to the action of rynning
water so as to wash out the lighter and less valuable portions.

BUDDLE
Bud"dle, v. i. (Mining)

Defn: To wash ore in a buddle.

BUDE BURNER
Bude" burn`er. Etym: [See Bude light.]

Defn: A burner consisting of two or more concentric Argand burners
(the inner rising above the outer) and a central tube by which oxygen
gas or common air is supplied.

BUDE LIGHT
Bude" light`. Etym: [From Bude, in Cornwall, the residence of Sir
G.Gurney, the inventor.]

Defn: A light in which high illuminating power is obtained by
introducing a jet of oxygen gas or of common air into the center of a
flame fed with coal gas or with oil.

BUDGE
Budge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Budged; p. pr. & vb. n. Budging.] Etym:
[F. bouger to stir, move (akin to Pr. bojar, bolegar, to stir, move,
It. bulicare to boil, bubble), fr. L. bullire. See Boil, v. i.]

Defn: To move off; to stir; to walk away.
I'll not budge an inch, boy. Shak.
The mouse ne'er shunned the cat as they did budge From rascals worse
than they. Shak.

BUDGE
Budge, a. Etym: [See Budge, v.]

Defn: Brisk; stirring; jocund. [Obs.] South.

BUDGE
Budge, n. Etym: [OE. bouge bag, OF. boge, bouge, fr. L. bulga a
leathern bag or knapsack; a Gallic word; cf. OIr. bolc, Gael. bolg.
Cf. Budge, n.]

Defn: A kind of fur prepared from lambskin dressed with the wool on;
-- used formerly as an edging and ornament, esp. of scholastic
habits.

BUDGE
Budge, a.

1. Lined with budge; hence, scholastic. "Budge gowns." Milton.

2. Austere or stiff, like scholastics.
Those budge doctors of the stoic fur. Milton.
Budge bachelor, one of a company of men clothed in long gowns lined
with budge, who formerly accompanied the lord mayor of London in his
inaugural procession.
 -- Budge barrel (Mil.), a small copper-hooped barrel with only one
head, the other end being closed by a piece of leather, which is
drawn together with strings like a purse. It is used for carrying
powder from the magazine to the battery, in siege or seacoast
service.

BUDGENESS
Budge"ness, n.

Defn: Sternness; severity. [Obs.]
A Sara for goodness, a great Bellona for budgeness. Stanyhurst.

BUDGER
Budg"er, n.

Defn: One who budges. Shak.

BUDGEROW
budg"e*row, n. Etym: [Hindi bajra.]

Defn: A large and commodious, but generally cumbrous and sluggish
boat, used for journeys on the Ganges.

BUDGET
Budg"et, n. Etym: [OE. bogett, bouget, F. bougette bag, wallet, dim.
of OF. boge, bouge, leather bag. See Budge, n., and cf. Bouget.]

1. A bag or sack with its contents; hence, a stock or store; an
accumulation; as, a budget of inventions.

2. The annual financial statement which the British chancellor of the
exchequer makes in the House of Commons. It comprehends a general
view of the finances of the country, with the proposed plan of
taxation for the ensuing year. The term is sometimes applied to a
similar statement in other countries. To open the budget, to lay
before a legislative body the financial estimates and plans of the
executive government.

BUDGY
Budg"y, a. Etym: [From Budge, n.]

Defn: Consisting of fur. [Obs.]

BUDLET
Bud"let, n. Etym: [Bud + -let.]

Defn: A little bud springing from a parent bud.
We have a criterion to distinguish one bud from another, or the
parent bud from the numerous budlets which are its offspring. E.
Darwin.

BUFF
Buff, n. Etym: [OE. buff, buffe, buff, buffalo, F. buffle buffalo.
See Buffalo.]

1. A sort of leather, prepared from the skin of the buffalo, dressed
with oil, like chamois; also, the skins of oxen, elks, and other
animals, dressed in like manner. "A suit of buff." Shak.

2. The color to buff; a light yellow, shading toward pink, gray, or
brown.
A visage rough, Deformed, unfeatured, and a skin of buff. Dryden.

3. A military coat, made of buff leather. Shak.

4. (Med.)

Defn: The grayish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat. See
Buffy coat, under Buffy, a.

5. (Mech.)

Defn: A wheel covered with buff leather, and used in polishing
cutlery, spoons, etc.

6. The bare skin; as, to strip to the buff. [Colloq.]
To be in buff is equivalent to being naked. Wright.

BUFF
Buff, a.

1. Made of buff leather. Goldsmith.

2. Of the color of buff. Buff coat, a close, military outer garment,
with short sleeves, and laced tightly over the chest, made of buffalo
skin, or other thick and elastic material, worn by soldiers in the
17th century as a defensive covering.
 -- Buff jerkin, originally, a leather waistcoat; afterward, one of
cloth of a buff color. [Obs.] Nares.
 -- Buff stick (Mech.), a strip of wood covered with buff leather,
used in polishing.

BUFF
Buff, v. t.

Defn: To polish with a buff. See Buff, n., 5.

BUFF
Buff, v. t. Etym: [OF. bufer to cuff, buffet. See Buffet a blow.]

Defn: To strike. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

BUFF
Buff, n. Etym: [See Buffet.]

Defn: A buffet; a blow; -- obsolete except in the phrase "Blindman's
buff."
Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent That made him reel. Spenser.

BUFF
Buff, a. Etym: [Of uncertain etymol.]

Defn: Firm; sturdy.
And for the good old cause stood buff, 'Gainst many a bitter kick and
cuff. Hudibras.

BUFFA
Buf"fa, n. fem. (Mus.) Etym: [It. See Buffoon.]

Defn: The comic actress in an opera.
 -- a.

Defn: Comic, farcical. Aria buffa, a droll or comic air.
 -- Opera buffa, a comic opera. See Opera bouffe.

BUFFALO
Buf"fa*lo, n.; pl. Buffaloes (. Etym: [Sp. bufalo (cf. It. bufalo, F.
buffle), fr. L. bubalus, bufalus, a kind of African stag or gazelle;
also, the buffalo or wild ox, fr. Gr. Cow the animal, and cf. Buff
the color, and Bubale.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of the genus Bos or Bubalus (B. bubalus), originally
from India, but now found in most of the warmer countries of the
eastern continent. It is larger and less docile than the common ox,
and is fond of marshy places and rivers.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large and savage species of the same genus (B. Caffer)
found in South Africa; -- called also Cape buffalo.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of wild ox.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bison of North America.

5. A buffalo robe. See Buffalo robe, below.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The buffalo fish. See Buffalo fish, below. Buffalo berry
(Bot.), a shrub of the Upper Missouri (Sherherdia argentea) with acid
edible red berries.
 -- Buffalo bird (Zoöl.), an African bird of the genus Buphaga, of
two species. These birds perch upon buffaloes and cattle, in search
of parasites.
 -- Buffalo bug, the carpet beetle. See under Carpet.
 -- Buffalo chips, dry dung of the buffalo, or bison, used for fuel.
[U.S.] -- Buffalo clover (Bot.), a kind of clover (Trifolium reflexum
and T.soloniferum) found in the ancient grazing grounds of the
American bison.
 -- Buffalo cod (Zoöl.), a large, edible, marine fish (Ophiodon
elongatus) of the northern Pacific coast; -- called also blue cod,
and cultus cod.
 -- Buffalo fish (Zoöl.), one of several large fresh-water fishes of
the family Catostomidæ, of the Mississippi valley. The red-mouthed or
brown (Ictiobus bubalus), the big-mouthed or black (Bubalichthys
urus), and the small-mouthed (B. altus), are among the more important
species used as food.
 -- Buffalo fly, or Buffalo gnat (Zoöl.), a small dipterous insect of
the genus Simulium, allied to the black fly of the North. It is often
extremely abundant in the lower part of the Mississippi valley and
does great injury to domestic animals, often killing large numbers of
cattle and horses. In Europe the Columbatz fly is a species with
similar habits.
 -- Buffalo grass (Bot.), a species of short, sweet grass (Buchloë
dactyloides), from two to four inches high, covering the prairies on
which the buffaloes, or bisons, feed. [U.S.] -- Buffalo nut (Bot.),
the oily and drupelike fruit of an American shrub (Pyrularia
oleifera); also, the shrub itself; oilnut.
 -- Buffalo robe, the skin of the bison of North America, prepared
with the hair on; -- much used as a lap robe in sleighs.

BUFFEL DUCK
Buf"fel duck. Etym: [See Buffalo.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small duck (Charitonetta albeola); the spirit duck, or
butterball. The head of the male is covered with numerous elongated
feathers, and thus appears large. Called also bufflehead.

BUFFER
Buff"er, n. Etym: [Prop a striker. See Buffet a blow.]

1. (Mech.)
(a) An elastic apparatus or fender, for deadening the jar caused by
the collision of bodies; as, a buffer at the end of a railroad car.
(b) A pad or cushion forming the end of a fender, which recieves the
blow; -- sometimes called buffing apparatus.

2. One who polishes with a buff.

3. A wheel for buffing; a buff.

4. A good-humored, slow-witted fellow; -- usually said of an elderly
man. [Colloq.] Dickens.

BUFFERHEAD
Buff"er*head`, n.

Defn: The head of a buffer, which recieves the concussion, in
railroad carriages.

BUFFET
Buf*fet", n. Etym: [F. buffet, LL. bufetum; of uncertain origin;
perh. fr. the same source as E. buffet a blow, the root meaning to
puff, hence (cf. puffed up) the idea of ostentation or display.]

1. A cupboard or set of shelves, either movable or fixed at one side
of a room, for the display of plate, china, etc., a sideboard.
Not when a gilt buffet's reflected pride Turns you from sound
philosophy aside. Pope.

2. A counter for refreshments; a restaurant at a railroad station, or
place of public gathering.

BUFFET
Buf"fet, n. Etym: [OE. buffet, boffet, OF. buffet a slap in the face,
a pair of bellows, fr. buffe blow, cf. F. bouffer to blow, puff;
prob. akin to E. puff. For the meaning slap, blow, cf. F. soufflet a
slap, souffler to blow. See Puff, v. i., and cf. Buffet sidebroad,
Buffoon]

1. A blow with the hand; a slap on the face; a cuff.
When on his cheek a buffet fell. Sir W. Scott.

2. A blow from any source, or that which affects like a blow, as the
violence of winds or waves; a stroke; an adverse action; an
affliction; a trial; adversity.
Those planks of tough and hardy oak that used for yeas to brave the
buffets of the Bay of Biscay. Burke.
Fortune's buffets and rewards. Shak.

3. A small stool; a stool for a buffet or counter.
Go fetch us a light buffet. Townely Myst.

BUFFET
Buf"fet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buffeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Buffeting.]
Etym: [OE. buffeten, OF. buffeter. See the preceding noun.]

1. To strike with the hand or fist; to box; to beat; to cuff; to
slap.
They spit in his face and buffeted him. Matt. xxvi. 67.

2. To affect as with blows; to strike repeatedly; to strive with or
contend against; as, to buffet the billows.
The sudden hurricane in thunder roars, Buffets the bark, and whirls
it from the shores. Broome.
You are lucky fellows who can live in a dreamland of your own,
instead of being buffeted about the world. W. Black.

3. Etym: [Cf. Buffer.]

Defn: To deaden the sound of (bells) by muffling the clapper.

BUFFET
Buf"fet, v. i.

1. To exercise or play at boxing; to strike; to smite; to strive; to
contend.
If I might buffet for my love, or bound my horse for her favors, I
could lay on like a butcher. Shak.

2. To make one's way by blows or struggling.
Strove to buffet to land in vain. Tennyson.

BUFFETER
Buf"fet*er, n.

Defn: One who buffets; a boxer. Jonson.

BUFFETING
Buf"fet*ing, n.

1. A striking with the hand.

2. A succession of blows; continued violence, as of winds or waves;
afflictions; adversity.
He seems to have been a plant of slow growth, but . . . fitted to
endure the buffeting on the rudest storm. Wirt.

BUFFIN
Buf"fin, n. Etym: [So called from resembling buff

Defn: A sort of coarse stuff; as, buffin gowns. [Obs.]

BUFFING APPARATUS
Buff"ing ap`pa*ra"tus.

Defn: See Buffer, 1.

BUFFLE
Buf"fle, n. Etym: [OE., from F. buffle. See Buffalo.]

Defn: The buffalo. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

BUFFLE
Buf"fle, v. i.

Defn: To puzzle; to be at a loss. [Obs.] Swift.

BUFFLEHEAD
Buf"fle*head`, n. Etym: [Buffle + head.]

1. One who has a large head; a heavy, stupid fellow. [Obs.]
What makes you stare so, bufflehead Plautus (trans. 1694).

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The buffel duck. See Buffel duck.

BUFFLE-HEADED
Buf"fle-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a large head, like a buffalo; dull; stupid; blundering.
[Obs.]
So fell this buffle-headed giant. Gayton.

BUFFO
Buf"fo, n.masc. Etym: [It. See Buffoon.] (Mus.)

Defn: The comic actor in an opera.

BUFFOON
Buf*foon", n. Etym: [F. bouffon (cf. It. buffone, buffo, buffa, puff
of wind, vanity, nonsense, trick), fr. bouffer to puff out, because
the buffoons puffed out their cheeks for the amusement of the
spectators. See Buffet a blow.]

Defn: A man who makes a practice of amusing others by low tricks,
antic gestures, etc.; a droll; a mimic; a harlequin; a clown; a
merry-andrew.

BUFFOON
Buf*foon", a.

Defn: Characteristic of, or like, a buffoon. "Buffoon stories."
Macaulay.
To divert the audience with buffoon postures and antic dances.
Melmoth.

BUFFOON
Buf*foon", v. i.

Defn: To act the part of a buffoon. [R.]

BUFFOON
Buf*foon", v. t.

Defn: To treat with buffoonery. Glanvill.

BUFFOONERY
Buf*foon"er*y, n.; pl. Buffooneries. Etym: [F. bouffonnerie.]

Defn: The arts and practices of a buffoon, as low jests, ridiculous
pranks, vulgar tricks and postures.
Nor that it will ever constitute a wit to conclude a tart piece of
buffoonery with a "What makes you blush" Spectator.

BUFFOONISH
Buf*foon"ish, a.

Defn: Like a buffoon; consisting in low jests or gestures. Blair.

BUFFOONISM
Buf*foon"ism, n.

Defn: The practices of a buffoon; buffoonery.

BUFFOONLY
Buf*foon"ly, a.

Defn: Low; vulgar. [R.]
Apish tricks and buffoonly discourse. Goodman.

BUFFY
Buff"y, a. (Med.)

Defn: Resembling, or characterized by, buff. Buffy coat, the
coagulated plasma of blood when the red corpuscles have so settled
out that the coagulum appears nearly colorless. This is common in
diseased conditions where the corpuscles run together more rapidly
and in denser masses than usual. Huxley.

BUFO
Bu"fo, n. Etym: [L. bufo a toad.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Amphibia including various species of toads.

BUFONITE
Bu"fon*ite, n. Etym: [L. bufo toad: cf. F. bufonite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An old name for a fossil consisting of the petrified teeth and
palatal bones of fishes belonging to the family of Pycnodonts (thick
teeth), whose remains occur in the oölite and chalk formations;
toadstone; -- so named from a notion that it was originally formed in
the head of a toad.

BUG
Bug, n. Etym: [OE. bugge, fr. W. bwg, bwgan, hobgoblin, scarecrow,
bugbear. Cf. Bogey, Boggle.]

1. A bugbear; anything which terrifies. [Obs.]
Sir, spare your threats: The bug which you would fright me with I
seek. Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A general name applied to various insects belonging to the
Hemiptera; as, the squash bug; the chinch bug, etc.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect of the genus Cimex, especially the bedbug (C.
lectularius). See Bedbug.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of various species of Coleoptera; as, the ladybug; potato
bug, etc.; loosely, any beetle.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of certain kinds of Crustacea; as, the sow bug; pill bug;
bait bug; salve bug, etc.

Note: According to present popular usage in England, and among
housekeepers in America, bug, when not joined with some qualifying
word, is used specifically for bedbug. As a general term it is used
very loosely in America, and was formerly used still more loosely in
England. "God's rare workmanship in the ant, the poorest bug that
creeps." Rogers (Naaman). "This bug with gilded wings." Pope. Bait
bug. See under Bait.
 -- Bug word, swaggering or threatening language. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

BUGABOO; BUGBEAR
Bug`a*boo", Bug"bear`, n. Etym: [See Bug.]

Defn: Something frightful, as a specter; anything imaginary that
causes needless fright; something used to excite needless fear; also,
something really dangerous, used to frighten children, etc. "Bugaboos
to fright ye." Lloyd.
But, to the world no bugbear is so great As want of figure and a
small estate. Pope.
The bugaboo of the liberals is the church pray. S. B. Griffin.
The great bugaboo of the birds is the owl. J. Burroughs.

Syn.
 -- Hobgoblin; goblin; specter; ogre; scarecrow.

BUGBANE
Bug"bane`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial white-flowered herb of the order Ranunculaceæ and
genus Cimiciguga; bugwort. There are several species.

BUGBEAR
Bug"bear`, n.

Defn: Same as Bugaboo.
 -- a.

Defn: Causing needless fright. Locke.

BUGBEAR
Bug"bear`, v. t.

Defn: To alarm with idle phantoms.

BUGFISH
Bug"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The menhaden. [U.S.]

BUGGER
Bug"ger, n. Etym: [F. bougre, fr. LL. Bulgarus, a Bulgarian, and also
a heretic; because the inhabitants of Bulgaria were infected with
heresy. Those guilty of the crime of buggery were called heretics,
because in the eyes of their adversaries there was nothing more
heinous than heresy, and it was therefore thought that the origin of
such a vice could only be owing to heretics.]

1. One guilty of buggery or unnatural vice; a sodomite.

2. A wretch; -- sometimes used humorously or in playful
disparagement. [Low]

BUGGERY
Bug"ger*y, n. Etym: [OF. bougrerie, bogrerie, heresy. See Bugger.]

Defn: Unnatural sexual intercourse; sodomy.

BUGGINESS
Bug"gi*ness, n. Etym: [From Buggy, a.]

Defn: The state of being infested with bugs.

BUGGY
Bug"gy, a. Etym: [From Bug.]

Defn: Infested or abounding with bugs.

BUGGY
Bug"gy, n.; pl. Buggies.

1. A light one horse two-wheeled vehicle. [Eng.]
Villebeck prevailed upon Flora to drive with him to the race in a
buggy. Beaconsfield.

2. A light, four-wheeled vehicle, usually with one seat, and with or
without a calash top. [U.S.] Buggy cultivator, a cultivator with a
seat for the driver.
 -- Buggy plow, a plow, or set of plows, having a seat for the
driver; -- called also sulky plow.

BUGLE
Bu"gle, n. Etym: [OE. bugle buffalo, buffalo's horn, OF. bugle, fr.
L. buculus a young bullock, steer, dim. of bos ox. See Cow the
animal.]

Defn: A sort of wild ox; a buffalo. E. Phillips.

BUGLE
Bu"gle, n. Etym: [See Bugle a wild ox.]

1. A horn used by hunters.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A copper instrument of the horn quality of tone, shorter and
more conical that the trumpet, sometimes keyed; formerly much used in
military bands, very rarely in the orchestra; now superseded by the
cornet; -- called also the Kent bugle.

BUGLE
Bu"gle, n. Etym: [LL. bugulus a woman's ornament: cf. G. bügel a bent
piece of metal or wood, fr. the same root as G. biegen to bend, E.
bow to bend.]

Defn: An elingated glass bead, of various colors, though commonly
black.

BUGLE
Bu"gle, a. Etym: [From Bugle a bead.]

Defn: Jet black. "Bugle eyeballs." Shak.

BUGLE
Bu"gle, n. Etym: [F. bugle; cf. It. bugola, L. bugillo.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Ajuga of the Mint family, a native of the
Old World. Yellow bugle, the Ajuga chamæpitys.

BUGLED
Bu"gled, a.

Defn: Ornamented with bugles.

BUGLE HORN
Bu"gle horn`.

1. A bugle.
One blast upon his bugle horn Were worth a thousand men. Sir W.
Scott.

2. A drinking vessel made of horn. [Obs.]
And drinketh of his bugle horn the wine. Chaucer.

BUGLER
Bu"gler, n.

Defn: One who plays on a bugle.

BUGLEWEED
Bu"gle*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the Mint family and genus Lycopus; esp. L.
Virginicus, which has mild narcotic and astringent properties, and is
sometimes used as a remedy for hemorrhage.

BUGLOSS
Bu"gloss, n.; pl. Buglosses. Etym: [F. buglosse, L. buglossa,
buglossus, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Anchusa, and especially the A.
officinalis, sometimes called alkanet; oxtongue. Small wild bugloss,
the Asperugo procumbens and the Lycopsis arvensis.
 -- Viper's bugloss, a species of Echium.

BUGWORT
Bug"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Bugbane.

BUHL; BUHLWORK
Buhl, Buhl"work, n. Etym: [From A.Ch.Boule, a French carver in wood.]

Defn: Decorative woodwork in which tortoise shell, yellow metal,
white metal, etc., are inlaid, forming scrolls, cartouches, etc.
[Written also boule, boulework.]

BUHLBUHL
Buhl"buhl, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Bulbul.

BUHRSTONE
Buhr"stone`, n. Etym: [OE. bur a whetstone for scythes.] (Min.)

Defn: A cellular, flinty rock, used for mill stones. [Written also
burrstone.]

BUILD
Build, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Built; p. pr. & vb. n. Building. The
regular imp. & p. p. Builded is antiquated.] Etym: [OE. bulden,
bilden, AS. byldan to build, fr. bold house; cf. Icel. bol farm,
abode, Dan. bol small farm, OSw. bol, böle, house, dwelling, fr. root
of Icel. b to dwell; akin to E. be, bower, boor. sq. root97.]

1. To erect or construct, as an edifice or fabric of any kind; to
form by uniting materials into a regular structure; to fabricate; to
make; to raise.
Nor aught availed him now To have built in heaven high towers.
Milton.

2. To raise or place on a foundation; to form, establish, or produce
by using appropriate means.
Who builds his hopes in air of your good looks. Shak.

3. To increase and strengthen; to increase the power and stability
of; to settle, or establish, and preserve; -- frequently with up; as,
to build up one's constitution.
I commend you to God, and to the word of his grace, which is able to
build you up. Acts xx. 32.

Syn.
 -- To erect; construct; raise; found; frame.

BUILD
Build, v. i.

1. To exercise the art, or practice the business, of building.

2. To rest or depend, as on a foundation; to ground one's self or
one's hopes or opinions upon something deemed reliable; to rely; as,
to build on the opinions or advice of others.

BUILD
Build, n.

Defn: Form or mode of construction; general figure; make; as, the
build of a ship.

BUILDER
Build"er, n.

Defn: One who builds; one whose occupation is to build, as a
carpenter, a shipwright, or a mason.
In the practice of civil architecture, the builder comes between the
architect who designs the work and the artisans who execute it. Eng.
Cyc.

BUILDING
Build"ing, n.

1. The act of constructing, erecting, or establishing.
Hence it is that the building of our Sion rises no faster. Bp. Hall.

2. The art of constructing edifices, or the practice of civil
architecture.
The execution of works of architecture necessarily includes building;
but building is frequently employed when the result is not
architectural. Hosking.

3. That which is built; a fabric or edifice constructed, as a house,
a church, etc.
Thy sumptuous buildings and thy wife's attire Have cost a mass of
public treasury. Shak.

BUILT
Built, n.

Defn: Shape; build; form of structure; as, the built of a ship.
[Obs.] Dryden.

BUILT
Built, a.

Defn: Formed; shaped; constructed; made; -- often used in composition
and preceded by the word denoting the form; as, frigate-built,
clipper-built, etc.
Like the generality of Genoese countrywomen, strongly built. Landor.

BUKE MUSLIN
Buke" mus"lin.

Defn: See Book muslin.

BUKSHISH
Buk"shish, n.

Defn: See Backsheesh.

BULAU
Bu"lau, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian insectivorous mammal (Gymnura Rafflesii),
somewhat like a rat in appearance, but allied to the hedgehog.

BULB
Bulb, n. Etym: [L. bulbus, Gr. bulbe.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A spheroidal body growing from a plant either above or below
the ground (usually below), which is strictly a bud, consisting of a
cluster of partially developed leaves, and producing, as it grows, a
stem above, and roots below, as in the onion, tulip, etc. It differs
from a corm in not being solid.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A name given to some parts that resemble in shape certain
bulbous roots; as, the bulb of the aorta. Bulb of the eye, the
eyeball.
 -- Bulb of a hair, the "root," or part whence the hair originates.
 -- Bulb of the spinal cord, the medulla oblongata, often called
simply bulb.
 -- Bulb of a tooth, the vascular and nervous papilla contained in
the cavity of the tooth.

3. An expansion or protuberance on a stem or tube, as the bulb of a
thermometer, which may be of any form, as spherical, cylindrical,
curved, etc. Tomlinson.

BULB
Bulb, v. i.

Defn: To take the shape of a bulb; to swell.

BULBACEOUS
Bul*ba"ceous, a. Etym: [L. bulbaceus. See Bulb, n.]

Defn: Bulbous. Jonson.

BULBAR
Bulb"ar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to bulb; especially, in medicine, pertaining
to the bulb of the spinal cord, or medulla oblongata; as, bulbar
paralysis.

BULBED
Bulbed, a.

Defn: Having a bulb; round-headed.

BULBEL
Bulb"el, n. Etym: [Dim., fr. bulb, n.] (Bot.)

Defn: A separable bulb formed on some flowering plants.

BULBIFEROUS
Bul*bif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Bulb,n.+ -ferous: cf. F. bulbifère.] (Bot.)

Defn: Producing bulbs.

BULBIL
Bulb"il, n. [Dim. fr. bulb.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A small or secondary bulb; hence, now almost exclusively: An
aërial bulb or deciduous bud, produced in the leaf axils, as in the
tiger lily, or relpacing the flowers, as in some onions, and capable,
when separated, of propagating the plant; -- called also bulblet and
brood bud.

2.  (Anat.) A small hollow bulb, such as an enlargement in a small
vessel or tube.

BULBLET
Bulb"let, n. Etym: [Bulb,n.+ -let.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small bulb, either produced on a larger bulb, or on some
aërial part of a plant, as in the axils of leaves in the tiger lily,
or replacing the flowers in some kinds of onion.

BULBOSE
Bul*bose", a.

Defn: Bulbous.

BULBO-TUBER
Bul"bo-tu`ber, n. Etym: [Bulb,n.+ tuber.] (Bot.)

Defn: A corm.

BULBOUS
Bulb"ous, a. Etym: [L. bulbosus: cf. F. bulbeux. See Bulb, n.]

Defn: Having or containing bulbs, or a bulb; growing from bulbs;
bulblike in shape or structure.

BULBUL
Bul"bul, n. Etym: [Per.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Persian nightingale (Pycnonotus jocosus). The name is also
applied to several other Asiatic singing birds, of the family
Timaliidæ. The green bulbuls belong to the Chloropsis and allied
genera. [Written also buhlbuhl.]

BULBULE
Bul"bule, n. Etym: [L. bulbulus, dim. of bulbus. See Bulb, n.]

Defn: A small bulb; a bulblet.

BULCHIN
Bul"chin, n. Etym: [Dim. of bull.]

Defn: A little bull.

BULGE
Bulge, n. Etym: [OE. bulge a swelling; cf. AS. belgan to swell, OSw.
bulgja, Icel. bolginn swollen, OHG. belgan to swell, G. bulge
leathern sack, Skr. b to be large, strong; the root meaning to swell.
Cf. Bilge, Belly, Billow, Bouge, n.]

1. The bilge or protuberant part of a cask.

2. A swelling, protuberant part; a bending outward, esp. when caused
by pressure; as, a bulge in a wall.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The bilge of a vessel. See Bilge, 2. Bulge ways. (Naut.) See
Bilge ways.

BULGE
Bulge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bulged (; p. pr. & vb.n. Bulging.]

1. To swell or jut out; to bend outward, as a wall when it yields to
pressure; to be protuberant; as, the wall bulges.

2. To bilge, as a ship; to founder.
And scattered navies bulge on distant shores. Broome.

BULGER
Bul"ger, n. [From Bulge.] (Golf)

Defn: A driver or a brassy with a convex face.

BULGY
Bul"gy, a.

Defn: Bulged; bulging; bending, or tending to bend, outward.
[Colloq.]

BULIMIA; BULIMY
Bu*lim"i*a, Bu"li*my, n. Etym: [NL. bulimia, fr. Gr. boulimie.]
(Med.)

Defn: A disease in which there is a perpetual and insatiable appetite
for food; a diseased and voracious appetite.

BULIMUS
Bu*li"mus, n. Etym: [L. bulimus hunger. See Bulimy.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of land snails having an elongated spiral shell, often
of large size. The species are numerous ingabundant in tropical
America.

BULK
Bulk, n. Etym: [OE. bulke, bolke, heap; cf. Dan. bulk lump, clod,
OSw. bolk crowd, mass, Icel. b to be bulky. Cf. Boll, n., Bile a
boil, Bulge, n.]

1. Magnitude of material substance; dimensions; mass; size; as, an ox
or ship of great bulk.
Against these forces there were prepared near one hundred ships; not
so great of bulk indeed, but of a more nimble motion, and more
serviceable. Bacon.

2. The main mass or body; the largest or principal portion; the
majority; as, the bulk of a debt.
The bulk of the people must labor, Burke told them, "to obtain what
by labor can be obtained." J. Morley.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The cargo of a vessel when stowed.

4. The body. [Obs.] Shak.
My liver leaped within my bulk. Turbervile.
Barrel bulk. See under Barrel.
 -- To break bulk (Naut.), to begin to unload or more the cargo.
 -- In bulk, in a mass; loose; not inclosed in separate packages or
divided into separate parts; in such shape that any desired quantity
may be taken or sold.
 -- Laden in bulk, Stowed in bulk, having the cargo loose in the hold
or not inclosed in boxes, bales, or casks.
 -- Sale by bulk, a sale of goods as they are, without weight or
measure.

Syn.
 -- Size; magnitude; dimension; volume; bigness; largeness;
massiveness.

BULK
Bulk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bulked; p. pr. & vb. n. Bulking.]

Defn: To appear or seem to be, as to bulk or extent; to swell.
The fame of Warburton possibly bulked larger for the moment. Leslie
Stephen.

BULK
Bulk, n. Etym: [Icel. balkr a beam, partition. Cf. Balk, n. & v.]

Defn: A projecting part of a building. [Obs.]
Here, stand behind this bulk. Shak.

BULKER
Bulk"er, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A person employed to ascertain the bulk or size of goods, in
order to fix the amount of freight or dues payable on them.

BULKHEAD
Bulk"head`, n. Etym: [See Bulk part of a building.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A partition in a vessel, to separate apartments on the same
deck.

2. A structure of wood or stone, to resist the pressure of earth or
water; a partition wall or structure, as in a mine; the limiting wall
along a water front. Bulked line, a line beyond which a wharf must
not project; -- usually, the harbor line.

BULKINESS
Bulk"i*ness, n.

Defn: Greatness in bulk; size.

BULKY
Bulk"y, a.

Defn: Of great bulk or dimensions; of great size; large; thick;
massive; as, bulky volumes.
A bulky digest of the revenue laws. Hawthorne.

BULL
Bull, n. Etym: [OE. bule, bul, bole; akin to D. bul, G. bulle, Icel.
boli, Lith. bullus, Lett. bollis, Russ. vol'; prob. fr. the root of
AS. bellan, E. bellow.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male of any species of cattle (Bovidæ); hence, the male of
any large quadruped, as the elephant; also, the male of the whale.

Note: The wild bull of the Old Testament is thought to be the oryx, a
large species of antelope.

2. One who, or that which, resembles a bull in character or action.
Ps. xxii. 12.

3. (Astron.)
(a) Taurus, the second of the twelve signs of the zodiac.
(b) A constellation of the zodiac between Aries and Gemini. It
contains the Pleiades.
At last from Aries rolls the bounteous sun, And the bright Bull
receives him. Thomson.

4. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: One who operates in expectation of a rise in the price of
stocks, or in order to effect such a rise. See 4th Bear, n., 5. Bull
baiting, the practice of baiting bulls, or rendering them furious, as
by setting dogs to attack them.
 -- John Bull, a humorous name for the English, collectively; also,
an Englishman. "Good-looking young John Bull." W. D.Howells.
 -- To take the bull by the horns, to grapple with a difficulty
instead of avoiding it.

BULL
Bull, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a bull; resembling a bull; male; large;
fierce. Bull bat (Zoöl.), the night hawk; -- so called from the loud
noise it makes while feeding on the wing, in the evening.
 -- Bull calf. (a) A stupid fellow.
 -- Bull mackerel (Zoöl.), the chub mackerel.
 -- Bull pump (Mining), a direct single-acting pumping engine, in
which the steam cylinder is placed above the pump.
 -- Bull snake (Zoöl.), the pine snake of the United States.
 -- Bull stag, a castrated bull. See Stag.
 -- Bull wheel, a wheel, or drum, on which a rope is wound for
lifting heavy articles, as logs, the tools in well boring, etc.

BULL
Bull, v. i.

Defn: To be in heat; to manifest sexual desire as cows do. [Colloq.]

BULL
Bull, v. t. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: To endeavor to raise the market price of; as, to bull railroad
bonds; to bull stocks; to bull Lake Shore; to endeavor to raise
prices in; as, to bull the market. See 1st Bull, n., 4.

BULL
Bull, n. Etym: [OE. bulle, fr. L. bulla bubble, stud, knob, LL., a
seal or stamp: cf. F. bulle. Cf. Bull a writing, Bowl a ball, Boil,
v. i.]

1. A seal. See Bulla.

2. A letter, edict, or respect, of the pope, written in Gothic
characters on rough parchment, sealed with a bulla, and dated "a die
Incarnationis," i. e., "from the day of the Incarnation." See
Apostolical brief, under Brief.
A fresh bull of Leo's had declared how inflexible the court of Rome
was in the point of abuses. Atterbury.

3. A grotesque blunder in language; an apparent congruity, but real
incongruity, of ideas, contained in a form of expression; so called,
perhaps, from the apparent incongruity between the dictatorial nature
of the pope's bulls and his professions of humility.
And whereas the papist boasts himself to be a Roman Catholic, it is a
mere contradiction, one of the pope's bulls, as if he should say
universal particular; a Catholic schimatic. Milton.
The Golden Bull, an edict or imperial constitution made by the
emperor Charles IV. (1356), containing what became the fundamental
law of the German empire; -- so called from its golden seal.

Syn.
 -- See Blunder.

BULLA
Bul"la, n.; pl. Bullæ (. Etym: [L. bulla bubble. See Bull an edict.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A bleb; a vesicle, or an elevation of the cuticle, containing a
transparent watery fluid.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The ovoid prominence below the opening of the ear in the skulls
of many animals; as, the tympanic or auditory bulla.

3. A leaden seal for a document; esp. the round leaden seal attached
to the papal bulls, which has on one side a representation of St.
Peter and St. Paul, and on the other the name of the pope who uses
it.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine shells. See Bubble shell.

BULLACE
Bul"lace, n. Etym: [OE. bolas, bolace, OF. beloce; of Celtic origin;
cf. Arm. bolos, polos, Gael. bulaistear.] (Bot.)
(a) A small European plum (Prunus communis, var. insitita). See Plum.
(b) The bully tree.

BULLANTIC
Bul*lan"tic, a. Etym: [See Bull an edict.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or used in, papal bulls. Fry. Bullantic letters,
Gothic letters used in papal bulls.

BULLARY
Bul"la*ry, n. Etym: [LL. bullarium: cf. F. bullairie. See Bull an
edict.]

Defn: A collection of papal bulls.

BULLARY
Bul"la*ry, n.; pl. Bullaries. Etym: [Cf. Boilary.]

Defn: A place for boiling or preparating salt; a boilery. Crabb.
And certain salt fats or bullaries. Bills in Chancery.

BULLATE
Bul"late, a. Etym: [L. bullatus, fr. bulla bubble.] (Biol.)

Defn: Appearing as if blistered; inflated; puckered. Bullate leaf
(Bot.), a leaf, the membranous part of which rises between the veins
puckered elevations convex on one side and concave on the other.

BULLBEGGAR
Bull"beg`gar, n.

Defn: Something used or suggested to produce terror, as in children
or persons of weak mind; a bugbear.
And being an ill-looked fellow, he has a pension from the church
wardens for being bullbeggar to all the forward children in the
parish. Mountfort (1691).

BULL BRIER
Bull" bri`er. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Smilax (S. Pseudo-China) growing from New Jersey
to the Gulf of Mexico, which has very large tuberous and farinaceous
rootstocks, formerly used by the Indians for a sort of bread, and by
the negroes as an ingredient in making beer; -- called also bamboo
brier and China brier.

BULLCOMBER
Bull"comb*er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A scaraboid beetle; esp. the Typhæus vulgaris of Europe.

BULLDOG
Bull"dog`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of dog, of remarkable ferocity, courage, and tenacity
of grip; -- so named, probably, from being formerly employed in
baiting bulls.

2. (Metal.)

Defn: A refractory material used as a furnace lining, obtained by
calcining the cinder or slag from the puddling furnace of a rolling
mill.

BULLDOG
Bull"dog`, a.

Defn: Characteristic of, or like, a bulldog; stubborn; as, bulldog
courage; bulldog tenacity. Bulldog bat (zo'94l.), a bat of the genus
Nyctinomus; -- so called from the shape of its face.

BULLDOZE
Bull"doze`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bulldozed; p. pr. & vb.n.
Bulldozing.]

Defn: To intimidate; to restrain or coerce by intimidation or
violence; -- used originally of the intimidation of negro voters, in
Louisiana. [Slang, U.S.]

BULLDOZER
Bull"do`zer, n.

Defn: One who bulldozes. [Slang]

BULLED
Bulled, a. Etym: [Cf. Boln.]

Defn: Swollen. [Obs.]

BULLEN-BULLEN
Bul"len-bul"len, n. Etym: [Native Australian name, from its cry.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The lyre bird.

BULLEN-NAIL
Bul"len-nail`, n. Etym: [Bull large, having a large head + nail.]

Defn: A nail with a round head and short shank, tinned and lacquered.

BULLET
Bul"let, n. Etym: [F. boulet, dim. of boule ball. See Bull an edict,
and cf. Boulet.]

1. A small ball.

2. A missile, usually of lead, and round or elongated in form, to be
discharged from a rifle, musket, pistol, or other small firearm.

3. A cannon ball. [Obs.]
A ship before Greenwich . . . shot off her ordnance, one piece being
charged with a bullet of stone. Stow.

4. The fetlock of a horse.

Note: [See Illust. under Horse.]

BULLETIN
Bul"le*tin, n. Etym: [F. bulletin, fr. It. bullettino, dim. of
bulletta, dim. of bulla, bolla, an edict of the pope, from L. bulla
bubble. See Bull an edict.]

1. A brief statement of facts respecting some passing event, as
military operations or the health of some distinguished personage,
issued by authority for the information of the public.

2. Any public notice or announcement, especially of news recently
received.

3. A periodical publication, especially one containing the proceeding
of a society. Bulletin board, a board on which announcements are put,
particularly at newsrooms, newspaper offices, etc.

BULLET-PROOF
Bul"let-proof`, a.

Defn: Capable of resisting the force of a bullet. Bullet tree. See
Bully tree.
 -- Bullet wood, the wood of the bullet tree.

BULLFACED
Bull"faced`, a.

Defn: Having a large face.

BULLFEAST
Bull"feast`, n.

Defn: See Bullfight. [Obs.]

BULLFIGHT; BULLFIGHTING
Bull"fight`, Bull"fight`ing, n.

Defn: A barbarous sport, of great antiquity, in which men torment,
and fight with, a bull or bulls in an arena, for public amusement, --
still popular in Spain.
 -- Bull"fight`er (, n.

BULLFINCH
Bull"finch`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the genus Pyrrhula and other related genera,
especially the P. vulgaris or rubicilla, a bird of Europe allied to
the grosbeak, having the breast, cheeks, and neck, red.

Note: As a cage bird it is highly valued for its remarkable power of
learning to whistle correctly various musical airs. Crimson-fronted
bullfinch. (Zoöl.) See Burion.
 -- Pine bullfinch, the pine finch.

BULLFIST; BULLFICE
Bull"fist, Bull"fice, n. Etym: [Cf. G. bofist, AS. wulfes fist
puffball, E. fizz, foist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of fungus. See Puffball.

BULL FLY; BULLFLY
Bull" fly` or Bull"fly`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any large fly troublesome to cattle, as the gadflies and breeze
flies.

BULLFROG
Bull"frog`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large species of frog (Rana Catesbiana), found in North
America; -- so named from its loud bellowing in spring.

BULLHEAD
Bull"head`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) A fresh-water fish of many species, of the genus Uranidea, esp.
U. gobio of Europe, and U. Richardsoni of the United States; --
called also miller's thumb.
(b) In America, several species of Amiurus; -- called also catfish,
horned pout, and bullpout.
(c) A marine fish of the genus Cottus; the sculpin.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The black-bellied plover (Squatarola helvetica); -- called also
beetlehead.
(b) The golden plover.

3. A stupid fellow; a lubber. [Colloq.] Jonson.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small black water insect. E. Phillips. Bullhead whiting
(Zoöl.), the kingfish of Florida (Menticirrus alburnus).

BULLHEADED
Bull"head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a head like that of a bull. Fig.: Headstrong; obstinate;
dogged.

BULLION
Bul"lion, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. bullyon a hook used for fastening the
dress, a button, stud, an embossed ornament of various kinds, e.g.,
on the cover of a book, on bridles or poitrels, for purses, for
breeches and doublets, LL. bullio the swelling of boiling water, a
mass of gold or silver, fr. L. bulla boss, stud, bubble (see Bull an
edict), or perh. corrupted fr. billon base coin, LL. billio bullion.
Cf. Billon, Billet a stick.]

1. Uncoined gold or silver in the mass.

Note: Properly, the precious metals are called bullion, when smelted
and not perfectly refined, or when refined, but in bars, ingots or in
any form uncoined, as in plate. The word is often often used to
denote gold and silver, both coined and uncoined, when reckoned by
weight and in mass, including especially foreign, or uncurrent, coin.

2. Base or uncurrent coin. [Obs.]
And those which eld's strict doom did disallow, And damm for bullion,
go for current now. Sylvester.

3. Showy metallic ornament, as of gold, silver, or copper, on
bridles, saddles, etc. [Obs.]
The clasps and bullions were worth a thousand pound. Skelton.

4. Heavy twisted fringe, made of fine gold or silver wire and used
for epaulets; also, any heavy twisted fringe whose cords are
prominent.

BULLIONIST
Bul"lion*ist, n.

Defn: An advocate for a metallic currency, or a paper currency always
convertible into gold.

BULLIRAG
Bul"li*rag, v. t. Etym: [Cf. bully,n.& v., and rag to scold, rail.
Cf. Ballarag.]

Defn: To intimidate by bullying; to rally contemptuously; to badger.
[Low]

BULLISH
Bull"ish, a.

Defn: Partaking of the nature of a bull, or a blunder.
Let me inform you, a toothless satire is as improper as a toothed
sleek stone, and as bullish. Milton.

BULLIST
Bull"ist, n. Etym: [F. bulliste. See Bull an edict.]

Defn: A writer or drawer up of papal bulls. [R.] Harmar.

BULLITION
Bul*li"tion, n. Etym: [L. bullire, bullitum, to boil. See Boil, v.
i.]

Defn: The action of boiling; boiling. [Obs.] See Ebullition. Bacon.

BULL MOOSE
Bull Moose. (U. S. Politics)
 (a) A follower of Theodore Roosevelt in the presidential campaign of
1912; -- a sense said to have originated from a remark made by
Roosevelt on a certain occasion that he felt "like a bull moose."
[Cant]
 (b) The figure of a bull moose used as the party symbol of the
Progressive party in the presidential campaign of 1912. -- Bull
Mooser. [Cant]

BULL-NECKED
Bull"-necked`, a.

Defn: Having a short and thick neck like that of a bull. Sir W.
Scott.

BULLOCK
Bul"lock, n. Etym: [AS. bulluc a young bull. See Bull.]

1. A young bull, or any male of the ox kind.
Take thy father's young bullock, even the second bullock of seven
years old. Judges vi. 25.

2. An ox, steer, or stag.

BULLOCK
Bul"lock, v. t.

Defn: To bully. [Obs.]
She shan't think to bullock and domineer over me. Foote.

BULLOCK'S-EYE
Bul"lock's-eye`, n.

Defn: See Bull's-eye, 3.

BULLON
Bul"lon, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West Indian fish (Scarus Croicensis).

BULLPOUT
Bull"pout`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Bullhead, 1 (b).

BULL-ROARER
Bull"-roar`er, n.

Defn: A contrivance consisting of a slat of wood tied to the end of a
thong or string, with which the slat is whirled so as to cause an
intermittent roaring noise. It is used as a toy, and among some races
in certain religious rites.

BULL'S-EYE
Bull's"-eye`, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A small circular or oval wooden block without sheaves, having a
groove around it and a hole through it, used for connecting rigging.

2. A small round cloud, with a ruddy center, supposed by sailors to
portend a storm.

3. A small thick disk of glass inserted in a deck, roof, floor,
ship's side, etc., to let in light.

4. A circular or oval opening for air or light.

5. A lantern, with a thick glass lens on one side for concentrating
the light on any object; also, the lens itself. Dickens.

6. (Astron.)

Defn: Aldebaran, a bright star in the eye of Taurus or the Bull.

7. (Archery & Gun.)

Defn: The center of a target.

8. A thick knob or protuberance left on glass by the end of the pipe
through which it was blown.

9. A small and thick old-fashioned watch. [Colloq.]

BULL'S-NOSE
Bull's"-nose`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: An external angle when obtuse or rounded.

BULL TERRIER
Bull" ter"ri*er. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A breed of dogs obtained by crossing the bulldog and the
terrier.

BULL TROUT
Bull" trout`. (Zoöl.)
(a) In England, a large salmon trout of several species, as Salmo
trutta and S. Cambricus, which ascend rivers; -- called also sea
trout.
(b) Salvelinus malma of California and Oregon; -- called also Dolly
Varden trout and red-spotted trout.
(c) The huso or salmon of the Danube.

BULLWEED
Bull"weed`, n. Etym: [Bole a stem + weed.] (Bot.)

Defn: Knapweed. Prior.

BULLWORT
Bull"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Bishop's-weed.

BULLY
Bul"ly, n.; pl. Bullies (. Etym: [Cf. LG. bullerjaan, bullerbäk,
bullerbrook, a blusterer, D. bulderaar a bluster, bulderen to
bluster; prob. of imitative origin; or cf. MHG. buole lover, G.
buhle.]

1. A noisy, blustering fellow, more insolent than courageous; one who
is threatening and quarrelsome; an insolent, tyrannical fellow.
Bullies seldom execute the threats they deal in. Palmerston.

2. A brisk, dashing fellow. [Slang Obs.] Shak.

BULLY
Bul"ly, a.

1. Jovial and blustering; dashing. [Slang] "Bless thee, bully
doctor." Shak.

2. Fine; excellent; as, a bully horse. [Slang, U.S.]

BULLY
Bul"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bullied; p. pr. & vb. n. Bullying.]

Defn: To intimidate with threats and by an overbearing, swaggering
demeanor; to act the part of a bully toward.
For the last fortnight there have been prodigious shoals of
volunteers gone over to bully the French, upon hearing the peace was
just signing. Tatler.

Syn.
 -- To bluster; swagger; hector; domineer.

BULLY
Bul"ly, v. i.

Defn: To act as a bully.

BULLY; BULLY BEEF
Bul"ly, n., Bul"ly beef`. [F. bouilli boiled meat, fr. bouillir to
boil. See Boil, v. The word bouilli was formerly commonly used on the
labels of canned beef.]

Defn: Pickled or canned beef.

BULLYRAG
Bul"ly*rag, v. t.

Defn: Same as Bullirag.

BULLYROCK
Bul"ly*rock`, n.

Defn: A bully. [Slang Obs.] Shak.

BULLY TREE
Bul"ly tree`. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several West Indian trees of the order Sapotaceæ,
as Dipholis nigra and species of Sapota and Mimusops. Most of them
yield a substance closely resembling gutta-percha.

BULRUSH
Bul"rush`, n. Etym: [OE. bulrysche, bolroysche; of uncertain origin,
perh. fr. bole stem + rush.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of large rush, growing in wet land or in water.

Note: The name bulrush is applied in England especially to the cat-
tail (Typha latifolia and T. angustifolia) and to the lake club-rush
(Scirpus lacustris); in America, to the Juncus effusus, and also to
species of Scirpus or club-rush.

BULSE
Bulse, n.

Defn: A purse or bag in which to carry or measure diamonds, etc.
[India] Macaulay.

BULTEL
Bul"tel, n. Etym: [LL. bultellus. See Bolt to sift.]

Defn: A bolter or bolting cloth; also, bran. [Obs.]

BULTI
Bul"ti, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Bolty.

BULTONG
Bul"tong, n.

Defn: Biltong.

BULTOW
Bul"tow`, n.

Defn: A trawl; a boulter; the mod

BULWARK
Bul"wark, n. Etym: [Akin to D. bolwerk, G. bollwerk, Sw. bolwerk,
Dan. bolvärk, bulvärk, rampart; akin to G. bohle plank, and werk
work, defense. See Bole stem, and Work, n., and cf. Boulevard.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A rampart; a fortification; a bastion or outwork.

2. That which secures against an enemy, or defends from attack; any
means of defense or protection.
The royal navy of England hath ever been its greatest defense, . . .
the floating bulwark of our island. Blackstone.

3. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: The sides of a ship above the upper deck.

Syn.
 -- See Rampart.

BULWARK
Bul"wark, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bulwarked (; p. pr. & vb.n.
Bulwarking.]

Defn: To fortify with, or as with, a rampart or wall; to secure by
fortification; to protect.
Of some proud city, bulwarked round and armed With rising towers.
Glover.

BUM
Bum, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. bottom in this sense.]

Defn: The buttock. [Low] Shak.

BUM
Bum, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bummed (; p. pr. & vb.n. Bumming ( Etym:
[See Boom, v. i., to roar.]

Defn: To make murmuring or humming sound. Jamieson.

BUM
Bum, n.

Defn: A humming noise. Halliwell.

BUMBAILIFF
Bum"bail"iff, n. Etym: [A corruption of bound bailiff.] [Low, Eng.]

Defn: See Bound bailiff, under Bound, a.

BUMBARD
Bum"bard.

Defn: See Bombard. [Obs.]

BUMBARGE
Bum"barge`, n.

Defn: See Bumboat. Carlyle.

BUMBAST
Bum"bast.

Defn: See Bombast. [Obs.]

BUMBELO
Bum"be*lo, n.; pl. Bumbeloes. Etym: [It. bombola.]

Defn: A glass used in subliming camphor. [Spelled also bombolo and
bumbolo.]

BUMBLE
Bum"ble, n. Etym: [See Bump to boom.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bittern. [Local, Eng.]

BUMBLE
Bum"ble, v. i.

Defn: To make a hollow or humming noise, like that of a bumblebee; to
cry as a bittern.
As a bittern bumbleth in the mire. Chaucer.

BUMBLEBEE
Bum"ble*bee`, n. Etym: [OE. bumblen to make a humming noise (dim. of
bum, v.i.) + bee. Cf. Humblebee.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large bee of the genus Bombus, sometimes called humblebee; --
so named from its sound.

Note: There are many species. All gather honey, and store it in the
empty cocoons after the young have come out.

BUMBLEPUPPY
Bum"ble*pup`py, n. [Origin unknown; cf. Bumble, n.]

1.

Defn: The old game of nineholes.

2.  (Card Playing) Whist played in an unscientific way.

BUMBOAT
Bum"boat`, n. Etym: [From bum the buttocks, on account of its clumsy
form; or fr. D. bun a box for holding fish in a boat.] (Naut.)

Defn: A clumsy boat, used for conveying provisions, fruit, etc., for
sale, to vessels lying in port or off shore.

BUMKIN
Bum"kin, n. Etym: [Boom a beam + -kin. See Bumpkin.] (Naut.)

Defn: A projecting beam or boom; as: (a) One projecting from each bow
of a vessel, to haul the fore tack to, called a tack bumpkin. (b) Onr
from each quarter, for the main-brace blocks, and called brace
bumpkin. (c) A small outrigger over the stern of a boat, to extend
the mizzen. [Written also boomkin.]

BUMMALO
Bum"ma*lo, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small marine Asiatic fish (Saurus ophidon) used in India as a
relish; -- called also Bombay duck.

BUMMER
Bum"mer, n.

Defn: An idle, worthless fellow, who is without any visible means of
support; a dissipated sponger. [Slang, U.S.]

BUMMERY
Bum"me*ry, n.

Defn: See Bottomery. [Obs.]
There was a scivener of Wapping brought to hearing for relief against
a bummery bond. R. North.

BUMP
Bump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Bumping.] Etym:
[Cf. W. pwmp round mass, pwmpiaw to thump, bang, and E. bum, v.i.,
boom to roar.]

Defn: To strike, as with or against anything large or solid; to
thump; as, to bump the head against a wall.

BUMP
Bump, v. i.

Defn: To come in violent contact with something; to thump. "Bumping
and jumping." Southey.

BUMP
Bump, n. Etym: [From Bump to strike, to thump.]

1. A thump; a heavy blow.

2. A swelling or prominence, resulting from a bump or blow; a
protuberance.
It had upon its brow A bump as big as a young cockerel's stone. Shak.

3. (Phren.)

Defn: One of the protuberances on the cranium which are associated
with distinct faculties or affections of the mind; as, the bump of
"veneration;" the bump of "acquisitiveness." [Colloq.]

4. The act of striking the stern of the boat in advance with the prow
of the boat following. [Eng.]

BUMP
Bump, v. i. Etym: [See Boom to roar.]

Defn: To make a loud, heavy, or hollow noise, as the bittern; to
boom.
As a bittern bumps within a reed. Dryden.

BUMP
Bump, n.

Defn: The noise made by the bittern.

BUMPER
Bum"per, n. Etym: [A corruption of bumbard, bombard, a large drinking
vessel.]

1. A cup or glass filled to the brim, or till the liquor runs over,
particularly in drinking a health or toast.
He frothed his bumpers to the brim. Tennyson.

2. A covered house at a theater, etc., in honor of some favorite
performer. [Cant]

BUMPER
Bump"er, n.

1. That which bumps or causes a bump.

2. Anything which resists or deadens a bump or shock; a buffer.

BUMPKIN
Bump"kin, n. Etym: [The same word as bumkin, which Cotgrave defines
thus: "Bumkin, Fr. chicambault, the luffe-block, a long and thick
piece of wood, whereunto the fore-sayle and sprit-sayle are fastened,
when a ship goes by the winde." Hence, a clumsy man may easily have
been compared to such a block of wood; cf. OD. boomken a little tree.
See Boom a pole.]

Defn: An awkward, heavy country fellow; a clown; a country lout.
"Bashful country bumpkins." W. Irving.

BUMPTIOUS
Bump"tious, a.

Defn: Self-conceited; forward; pushing. [Colloq.] Halliwell.

BUMPTIOUSNESS
Bump"tious*ness, n.

Defn: Conceitedness. [Colloq.]

BUN; BUNN
Bun, Bunn, n. Etym: [Scot. bun, bunn, OE. bunne, bonne; fr. Celtic;
cf. Ir. bunna, Gael. bonnach, or OF. bugne tumor, Prov. F. bugne a
kind of pancake; akin to OHG. bungo bulb, MHG. bunge, Prov. E. bung
heap, cluster, bunny a small swelling.]

Defn: A slightly sweetened raised cake or bisquit with a glazing of
sugar and milk on the top crust.

BUNCH
Bunch, n. Etym: [Akin to OSw. & Dan. bunke heap, Icel. bunki heap,
pile, bunga tumor, protuberance; cf. W. pwng cluster. Cf. Bunk.]

1. A protuberance; a hunch; a knob or lump; a hump.
They will carry . . . their treasures upon the bunches of camels.
Isa. xxx. 6.

2. A collection, cluster, or tuft, properly of things of the same
kind, growing or fastened together; as, a bunch of grapes; a bunch of
keys.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A small isolated mass of ore, as distinguished from a
continuous vein. Page.

BUNCH
Bunch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Buncheder (p. pr. & vb.n. Bunchinger.]

Defn: To swell out into a bunch or protuberance; to be protuberant or
round.
Bunching out into a large round knob at one end. Woodward.

BUNCH
Bunch, v. t.

Defn: To form into a bunch or bunches.

BUNCH-BACKED
Bunch"-backed`, a.

Defn: Having a bunch on the back; crooked. "Bunch-backed toad." Shak.

BUNCHBERRY
Bunch"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The dwarf cornel (Cornus Canadensis), which bears a dense
cluster of bright red, edible berries.

BUNCH GRASS
Bunch" grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: A grass growing in bunches and affording pasture. In
California, Atropis tenuifolia, Festuca scabrella, and several kinds
of Stipa are favorite bunch grasses. In Utah, Eriocoma cuspidata is a
good bunch grass.

BUNCHINESS
Bunch"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being bunchy; knobbiness.

BUNCHY
Bunch"y, a.

1. Swelling out in bunches.
An unshapen, bunchy spear, with bark unpiled. Phaer.

2. Growing in bunches, or resembling a bunch; having tufts; as, the
bird's bunchy tail.

3. (Mining)

Defn: Yielding irregularly; sometimes rich, sometimes poor; as, a
bunchy mine. Page.

BUNCOMBE; BUNKUM
Bun"combe, Bun"kum, n. Etym: [Buncombe a country of North Carolina.]

Defn: Speech-making for the gratification of constituents, or to gain
public applause; flattering talk for a selfish purpose; anything said
for mere show. [Cant or Slang, U.S.]
All that flourish about right of search was bunkum -- all that brag
about hanging your Canada sheriff was bunkum . . . slavery speeches
are all bunkum. Haliburton.
To speak for Buncombe, to speak for mere show, or popularly.

Note: "The phrase originated near the close of the debate on the
famous 'Missouri Question,' in the 16th Congress. It was then used by
Felix Walker -- a naïve old mountaineer, who resided at Waynesville,
in Haywood, the most western country of North Carolina, near the
border of the adjacent country of Buncombe, which formed part of his
district. The old man rose to speak, while the house was impatiently
calling for the 'Question,' and several members gathered round him,
begging him to desist. He preserved, however, for a while, declaring
that the people of his district expected it, and that he was bound to
'make a speech for Buncombe.'" W. Darlington.

BUND
Bund, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: League; confederacy; esp. the confederation of German states.

BUND
Bund, n. Etym: [Hindi band.]

Defn: An embankment against inundation. [India] S. Wells Williams.

BUNDER
Bun"der, n. Etym: [Pers. bandar a landing place, pier.]

Defn: A boat or raft used in the East Indies in the landing of
passengers and goods.

BUNDESRATH
Bun"des*rath`, n. Etym: [G., from bund (akin to E. bond) confederacy
+ rath council, prob. akin to E. read.]

Defn: The federal council of the German Empire. In the Bundesrath and
the Reichstag are vested the legislative functions. The federal
council of Switzerland is also so called.

Note: The Bundesrath of the German empire is presided over by a
chancellor, and is composed of sixty-two members, who represent the
different states of the empire, being appointed for each session by
their respective governments.
By this united congress, the highest tribunal of Switzerland, -- the
Bundesrath -- is chosen, and the head of this is a president. J. P.
Peters (Trans. Müller's Pol. Hist. ).

BUNDES-VERSAMMLUNG
Bun"des-Ver*samm"lung, n. [G.; bund confederacy + versammlung
assembly.]

Defn: See Legislature, Switzerland.

BUNDLE
Bun"dle, n. Etym: [OE. bundel, AS. byndel; akin to D. bondel, bundel,
G. bündel, dim. of bund bundle, fr. the root of E. bind. See Bind.]

Defn: A number of things bound together, as by a cord or envelope,
into a mass or package convenient for handling or conveyance; a loose
package; a roll; as, a bundle of straw or of paper; a bundle of old
clothes.
The fable of the rods, which, when united in a bundle, no strength
could bend. Goldsmith.
Bundle pillar (Arch.), a column or pier, with others of small
dimensions attached to it. Weale.

BUNDLE
Bun"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bundled (p. pr. & vb.n. Bundling (.]

1. To tie or bind in a bundle or roll.

2. To send off abruptly or without ceremony.
They unmercifully bundled me and my gallant second into our own
hackney coach. T. Hook.
To bundle off, to send off in a hurry, or without ceremony.
 -- To bundle one's self up, to wrap one's self up warmly or
cumbrously.

BUNDLE
Bun"dle, v. i.

1. To prepare for departure; to set off in a hurry or without
ceremony.

2. To sleep on the same bed without undressing; -- applied to the
custom of a man and woman, especially lovers, thus sleeping.
Bartlett.
Van Corlear stopped occasionally in the villages to eat pumpkin pies,
dance at country frolics, and bundle with the Yankee lasses. W.
Irving.

BUNDOBUST
Bun"do*bust, n. [Hind. & Per. bando-bast tying and binding.]

Defn: System; discipline. [India]

He has more bundobust than most men.
Kipling.

BUNG
Bung, n. Etym: [Cf. W. bwng orfice, bunghole, Ir. buinne tap, spout,
OGael. buine.]

1. The large stopper of the orifice in the bilge of a cask.

2. The orifice in the bilge of a cask through which it is filled;
bunghole.

3. A sharper or pickpocket. [Obs. & Low]
You filthy bung, away. Shak.

BUNG
Bung, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bunged; p. pr. & vb. n. Bunging.]

Defn: To stop, as the orifice in the bilge of a cask, with a bung; to
close; -- with up. To bung up, to use up, as by bruising or over
exertion; to exhaust or incapacitate for action. [Low]
He had bunged up his mouth that he should not have spoken these three
years. Shelton (Trans. Don Quixote).

BUNGALOW
Bun"ga*low, n. Etym: [Bengalee bangla]

Defn: A thatched or tiled house or cottage, of a single story,
usually surrounded by a veranda. [India]

BUNGARUM
Bun"ga*rum, n. Etym: [Bungar, the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A venomous snake of India, of the genus Bungarus, allied to the
cobras, but without a hood.

BUNGHOLE
Bung"hole`, n.

Defn: See Bung, n., 2. Shak.

BUNGLE
Bun"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bungled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Bungling.]
Etym: [Prob. a diminutive from, akin to bang; cf. Prov. G. bungen to
beat, bang, OSw. bunga. See Bang.]

Defn: To act or work in a clumsy, awkward manner.

BUNGLE
Bun"gle, v. t.

Defn: To make or mend clumsily; to manage awkwardly; to botch; --
sometimes with up.
I always had an idea that it would be bungled. Byron.

BUNGLE
Bun"gle, n.

Defn: A clumsy or awkward performance; a botch; a gross blunder.
Those errors and bungles which are committed. Cudworth.

BUNGLER
Bun"gler, n.

Defn: A clumsy, awkward workman; one who bungles.
If to be a dunce or a bungler in any profession be shameful, how much
more ignominious and infamous to a scholar to be such! Barrow.

BUNGLING
Bun"gling, a.

Defn: Unskillful; awkward; clumsy; as, a bungling workman. Swift.
They make but bungling work. Dryden.

BUNGLINGLY
Bun"gling*ly, adv.

Defn: Clumsily; awkwardly.

BUNGO
Bun"go, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A kind of canoe used in Central and South America; also, a kind
of boat used in the Southern United States. Bartlett.

BUNION
Bun"ion, n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Bunyon.

BUNK
Bunk, n. Etym: [Cf. OSw. bunke heap, also boaring, flooring. Cf.
Bunch.]

1. A wooden case or box, which serves for a seat in the daytime and
for a bed at night. [U.S.]

2. One of a series of berths or bed places in tiers.

3. A piece of wood placed on a lumberman's sled to sustain the end of
heavy timbers. [Local, U.S.]

BUNK
Bunk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bunked; p. pr. & vb. n. Bunking.]

Defn: To go to bed in a bunk; -- sometimes with in. [Colloq. U.S.]
Bartlett.

BUNKER
Bun"ker, n. Etym: [Scot. bunker, bunkart, a bench, or low chest,
serving for a seat. Cf. Bunk, Bank, Bench.]

1. A sort of chest or box, as in a window, the lid of which serves
for a seat. [Scot.] Jamieson.

2. A large bin or similar receptacle; as, a coal bunker.

BUNKO
Bun"ko, n. Etym: [Sf. Sp. banco bank, banca a sort of game at cards.
Cf. Bank (in the commercial sense).]

Defn: A kind of swindling game or scheme, by means of cards or by a
sham lottery. [Written also bunco.] Bunko steerer, a person employed
as a decoy in bunko. [Slang, U.S.]

BUNKUM
Bun"kum, n.

Defn: See Buncombe.

BUNN
Bunn, n.

Defn: See Bun.

BUNNIAN
Bun"nian, n.

Defn: See Bunyon.

BUNNY
Bun"ny, n. (Mining)

Defn: A great collection of ore without any vein coming into it or
going out from it.

BUNNY
Bun"ny, n.

Defn: A pet name for a rabbit or a squirrel.

BUNODONTA; BUNODONTS
Bu`no*don"ta, Bu"no*donts, n. pl. Etym: [NL. bunodonta, fr. Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the herbivorous mammals including the hogs and
hippopotami; -- so called because the teeth are tuberculated.

BUNSEN CELL
Bun"sen cell. (Elec.)

Defn: A zinc-carbon cell in which the zinc (amalgamated) is
surrounded by dilute sulphuric acid, and the carbon by nitric acid or
a chromic acid mixture, the two plates being separated by a porous
cup.

BUNSEN'S BATTERY; BUNSEN'S BURNER
Bun"sen's bat"ter*y, Bun"sen's burn`er.

Defn: See under Battery, and Burner.

BUNT
Bunt, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A fungus (Ustilago foetida) which affects the ear of cereals,
filling the grains with a fetid dust; -- also called pepperbrand.

BUNT
Bunt, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. bunt bundle, Dan. bundt, G. bund, E. bundle.]
(Naut.)

Defn: The middle part, cavity, or belly of a sail; the part of a
furled sail which is at the center of the yard. Totten.

BUNT
Bunt, v. i. (Naut.)

Defn: To swell out; as, the sail bunts.

BUNT
Bunt, v. t. & i.

Defn: To strike or push with the horns or head; to butt; as, the ram
bunted the boy.

BUNTER
Bun"ter, n.

Defn: A woman who picks up rags in the streets; hence, a low, vulgar
woman. [Cant]
Her . . . daughters, like bunters in stuff gowns. Goldsmith.

BUNTING
Bun"ting, n. Etym: [Scot. buntlin, corn-buntlin, OE. bunting,
buntyle; of unknown origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the genus Emberiza, or of an allied genus, related to
the finches and sparrows (family Fringillidæ).

Note: Among European species are the common or corn bunting (Emberiza
miliaria); the ortolan (E. hortulana); the cirl (E. cirlus); and the
black-headed (Granitivora melanocephala). American species are the
bay-winged or grass (Poöcætes or Pooecetes gramineus); the black-
throated (Spiza Americana); the towhee bunting or chewink (Pipilo);
the snow bunting (Plectrophanax nivalis); the rice bunting or
bobolink, and others. See Ortolan, Chewick, Snow bunting, Lark
bunting.

BUNTING; BUNTINE
Bun"ting, Bun"tine, n. Etym: [Prov. E. bunting sifting flour, OE.
bonten to sift, hence prob. the material used for that purpose.]

Defn: A thin woolen stuff, used chiefly for flags, colors, and ships'
signals.

BUNTLINE
Bunt"line, n. Etym: [2d bunt + line.] (Naut.)

Defn: One of the ropes toggled to the footrope of a sail, used to
haul up to the yard the body of the sail when taking it in. Totten.

BUNYON; BUNION
Bun"yon, Bun"ion, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. bunny a small swelling, fr.
OF. bugne, It. bugna, bugnone. See Bun.] (Med.)

Defn: An enlargement and inflammation of a small membranous sac (one
of the bursæ muscosæ), usually occurring on the first joint of the
great toe.

BUOY
Buoy, n. Etym: [D. boei buoy, fetter, fr. OF. boie, buie, chain,
fetter, F. bouée a buoy, from L. boia. "Boiae genus vinculorum tam
ferreae quam ligneae." Festus. So called because chained to its
place.] (Naut.)

Defn: A float; esp. a floating object moored to the bottom, to mark a
channel or to point out the position of something beneath the water,
as an anchor, shoal, rock, etc. Anchor buoy, a buoy attached to, or
marking the position of, an anchor.
 -- Bell buoy, a large buoy on which a bell is mounted, to be rung by
the motion of the waves.
 -- Breeches buoy. See under Breeches.
 -- Cable buoy, an empty cask employed to buoy up the cable in rocky
anchorage.
 -- Can buoy, a hollow buoy made of sheet or boiler iron, usually
conical or pear-shaped.
 -- Life buoy, a float intended to support persons who have fallen
into the water, until a boat can be dispatched to save them.
 -- Nut or Nun buoy, a buoy large in the middle, and tapering nearly
to a point at each end.
 -- To stream the buoy, to let the anchor buoy fall by the ship's
side into the water, before letting go the anchor.
 -- Whistling buoy, a buoy fitted with a whistle that is blown by the
action of the waves.

BUOY
Buoy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buoyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Buoying.]

1. To keep from sinking in a fluid, as in water or air; to keep
afloat; -- with up.

2. To support or sustain; to preserve from sinking into ruin or
despondency.
Those old prejudices, which buoy up the ponderous mass of his
nobility, wealth, and title. Burke.

3. To fix buoys to; to mark by a buoy or by buoys; as, to buoy an
anchor; to buoy or buoy off a channel.
Not one rock near the surface was discovered which was not buoyed by
this floating weed. Darwin.

BUOY
Buoy, v. i.

Defn: To float; to rise like a buoy. "Rising merit will buoy up at
last." Pope.

BUOYAGE
Buoy"age, n.

Defn: Buoys, taken collectively; a series of buoys, as for the
guidance of vessels into or out of port; the providing of buoys.

BUOYANCE
Buoy"ance, n.

Defn: Buoyancy. [R.]

BUOYANCY
Buoy"an*cy, n.; pl. Buoyancies (.

1. The property of floating on the surface of a liquid, or in a
fluid, as in the atmosphere; specific lightness, which is inversely
as the weight compared with that of an equal volume of water.

2. (Physics)

Defn: The upward pressure exerted upon a floating body by a fluid,
which is equal to the weight of the body; hence, also, the weight of
a floating body, as measured by the volume of fluid displaced.
Such are buoyancies or displacements of the different classes of her
majesty's ships. Eng. Cyc.

3. Cheerfulness; vivacity; liveliness; sprightliness; -- the opposite
of Ant: heaviness; as, buoyancy of spirits.

BUOYANT
Buoy"ant, a. Etym: [From Buoy, v. t. & i.]

1. Having the quality of rising or floating in a fluid; tending to
rise or float; as, iron is buoyant in mercury. "Buoyant on the
flood." Pope.

2. Bearing up, as a fluid; sustaining another body by being
specifically heavier.
The water under me was buoyant. Dryden.

3. Light-hearted; vivacious; cheerful; as, a buoyant disposition;
buoyant spirits.
 -- Buoy"ant*ly, adv.

BUPRESTIDAN
Bu*pres"ti*dan, n. Etym: [L. buprestis, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of beetles, of the genus Buprestis and allied
genera, usually with brilliant metallic colors. The larvæ are usually
bores in timber, or beneath bark, and are often very destructive to
trees.

BUR; BURR
Bur, Burr, n. Etym: [OE. burre burdock; cf. Dan. borre, OSw. borra,
burdock, thistle; perh. akin to E. bristle (burr- for burz-), or
perh. to F. bourre hair, wool, stuff; also, according to Cotgrave,
"the downe, or hairie coat, wherewith divers herbes, fruits, and
flowers, are covered," fr. L. burrae trifles, LL. reburrus rough.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any rough or prickly envelope of the seeds of plants, whether a
pericarp, a persistent calyx, or an involucre, as of the chestnut and
burdock. Also, any weed which bears burs.
Amongst rude burs and thistles. Milton.
Bur and brake and brier. Tennyson.

2. The thin ridge left by a tool in cutting or shaping metal. See
Burr, n., 2.

3. A ring of iron on a lance or spear. See Burr, n., 4.

4. The lobe of the ear. See Burr, n., 5.

5. The sweetbread.

6. A clinker; a partially vitrified brick.

7. (Mech.)
(a) A small circular saw.
(b) A triangular chisel.
(c) A drill with a serrated head larger than the shank; -- used by
dentists.

8. Etym: [Cf. Gael. borr, borra, a knob, bunch.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The round knob of an antler next to a deer's head. [Commonly
written burr.] Bur oak (Bot.), a useful and ornamental species of oak
(Quercus macrocarpa) with ovoid acorns inclosed in deep cups
imbricated with pointed scales. It grows in the Middle and Western
United States, and its wood is tough, close-grained, and durable.
 -- Bur reed (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sparganium, having long
ribbonlike leaves.

BURBOLT
Bur"bolt`, n.

Defn: A birdbolt. [Obs.] Ford.

BURBOT
Bur"bot, n. Etym: [F. barbote, fr. barbe beard. See 1st Barb.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A fresh-water fish of the genus Lota, having on the nose two
very small barbels, and a larger one on the chin. [Written also
burbolt.]

Note: The fish is also called an eelpout or ling, and is allied to
the codfish. The Lota vulgaris is a common European species. An
American species (L. maculosa) is found in New England, the Great
Lakes, and farther north.

BURDELAIS
Bur`de*lais", n. Etym: [F. bourdelais, prob. fr. bordelais. See
Bordelais.]

Defn: A sort of grape. Jonson.

BURDEN
Bur"den, n. [Written also burthen.] Etym: [OE. burden, burthen,
birthen, birden, AS. byredhen; akin to Icel. byredhi, Dan. byrde, Sw.
börda, G. bürde, OHG. burdi, Goth. baúr, fr. the root of E. bear, AS.
beran, Goth. bairan. *92. See 1st Bear.]

1. That which is borne or carried; a load.
Plants with goodly burden bowing. Shak.

2. That which is borne with labor or difficulty; that which is
grievous, wearisome, or oppressive.
Deaf, giddy, helpless, left alone, To all my friends a burden grown.
Swift.

3. The capacity of a vessel, or the weight of cargo that she will
carry; as, a ship of a hundred tons burden.

4. (Mining)

Defn: The tops or heads of stream-work which lie over the stream of
tin.

5. (Metal.)

Defn: The proportion of ore and flux to fuel, in the charge of a
blast furnace. Raymond.

6. A fixed quantity of certain commodities; as, a burden of gad
steel, 120 pounds.

7. A birth. [Obs. & R.] Shak. Beast of burden, an animal employed in
carrying burdens.
 -- Burden of proof Etym: [L. onus probandi] (Law), the duty of
proving a particular position in a court of law, a failure in the
performance of which duty calls for judgment against the party on
whom the duty is imposed.

Syn.
 -- Burden, Load. A burden is, in the literal sense, a weight to be
borne; a load is something laid upon us to be carried. Hence, when
used figuratively, there is usually a difference between the two
words. Our burdens may be of such a nature that we feel bound to bear
them cheerfully or without complaint. They may arise from the nature
of our situation; they may be allotments of Providence; they may be
the consequences of our errors. What is upon us, as a load, we
commonly carry with greater reluctance or sense of oppression. Men
often find the charge of their own families to be a burden; but if to
this be added a load of care for others, the pressure is usually
serve and irksome.

BURDEN
Bur"den, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burdened; p. pr. & vb. n. Burdening.]

1. To encumber with weight (literal or figurative); to lay a heavy
load upon; to load.
I mean not that other men be eased, and ye burdened. 2 Cor. viii. 13.

2. To oppress with anything grievous or trying; to overload; as, to
burden a nation with taxes.
My burdened heart would break. Shak.

3. To impose, as a load or burden; to lay or place as a burden
(something heavy or objectionable). [R.]
It is absurd to burden this act on Cromwell. Coleridge.

Syn.
 -- To load; encumber; overload; oppress.

BURDEN
Bur"den, n. Etym: [OE. burdoun the bass in music, F. bourdon; cf. LL.
burdo drone, a long organ pipe, a staff, a mule. Prob. of imitative
origin. Cf. Bourdon.]

1. The verse repeated in a song, or the return of the theme at the
end of each stanza; the chorus; refrain. Hence: That which is often
repeated or which is dwelt upon; the main topic; as, the burden of a
prayer.
I would sing my song without a burden. Shak.

2. The drone of a bagpipe. Ruddiman.

BURDEN
Bur"den, n. Etym: [See Burdon.]

Defn: A club. [Obs.] Spenser.

BURDENER
Bur"den*er, n.

Defn: One who loads; a oppressor.

BURDENOUS
Bur"den*ous, a.

Defn: Burdensome. [Obs.] "Burdenous taxations." Shak.

BURDENSOME
Bur"den*some, a.

Defn: Grievous to be borne; causing uneasiness or fatigue;
oppressive.
The debt immense of endless gratitude So burdensome. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Heavy; weighty; cumbersome; onerous; grievous; oppressive;
troublesome.
 -- Bur"den*some*ly, adv.
 -- Bur"den*some*ness, n.

BURDOCK
Bur"dock, n. Etym: [Bur + dock the plant.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of coarse biennial herbs (Lappa), bearing small burs
which adhere tenaciously to clothes, or to the fur or wool of
animals.

Note: The common burdock is the Lappa officinalis.

BURDON
Bur"don, n. Etym: [See Bourdon.]

Defn: A pilgrim's staff. [Written also burden.] Rom. of R.

BUREAU
Bu"reau, n.; pl. E. Bureaus, F. Bureaux. Etym: [F. bureau a writing
table, desk, office, OF., drugget, with which a writing table was
often covered, equiv. to F. bure, and fr. OF. buire dark brown, the
stuff being named from its color, fr. L. burrus red, fr. Gr. Fire,
n., and cf. Borel, n.]

1. Originally, a desk or writing table with drawers for papers.
Swift.

2. The place where such a bureau is used; an office where business
requiring writing is transacted.

3. Hence: A department of public business requiring a force of
clerks; the body of officials in a department who labor under the
direction of a chief.

Note: On the continent of Europe, the highest departments, in most
countries, have the name of bureaux; as, the Bureau of the Minister
of Foreign Affairs. In England and America, the term is confined to
inferior and subordinate departments; as, the "Pension Bureau," a
subdepartment of the Department of the Interior. [Obs.] In Spanish,
bureo denotes a court of justice for the trial of persons belonging
to the king's household.

4. A chest of drawers for clothes, especially when made as an
ornamental piece of furniture. [U.S.] Bureau system. See Bureaucracy.
 -- Bureau Veritas, an institution, in the interest of maritime
underwriters, for the survey and rating of vessels all over the
world. It was founded in Belgium in 1828, removed to Paris in 1830,
and reëstablished in Brussels in 1870.

BUREAUCRACY
Bu*reau"cra*cy, n. Etym: [Bureau + Gr. bureaucratie.]

1. A system of carrying on the business of government by means of
departments or bureaus, each under the control of a chief, in
contradiction to a system in which the officers of government have an
associated authority and responsibility; also, government conducted
on this system.

2. Government officials, collectively.

BUREAUCRAT
Bu*reau"crat, n.

Defn: An official of a bureau; esp. an official confirmed in a narrow
and arbitrary routine. C. Kingsley.

BUREAUCRATIC; BUREAUCRATICAL
Bu`reau*crat"ic, Bu`reau*crat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
bureaucratique.]

Defn: Of, relating to, or resembling, a bureaucracy.

BUREAUCRATIST
Bu*reau"cra*tist, n.

Defn: An advocate for , or supporter of, bureaucracy.

BUREL
Bur"el, n. & a.

Defn: Same as Borrel.

BURETTE
Bu*rette", n. Etym: [F., can, cruet, dim. of buire flagon.] (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus for delivering measured quantities of liquid or
for measuring the quantity of liquid or gas received or discharged.
It consists essentially of a graduated glass tube, usually furnished
with a small aperture and stopcock.

BUR FISH
Bur" fish`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spinose, plectognath fish of the Allantic coast of the United
States (esp. Chilo mycterus geometricus) having the power of
distending its body with water or air, so as to resemble a chestnut
bur; -- called also ball fish, balloon fish, and swellfish.

BURG
Burg, n. Etym: [AS. burh, burg, cf. LL. burgus. See 1st Borough.]

1. A fortified town. [Obs.]

2. A borough. [Eng.] See 1st Borough.

BURGAGE
Burg"age, n. Etym: [From Burg: cf. F. bourgage, LL. burgagium.] (Eng.
Law)

Defn: A tenure by which houses or lands are held of the king or other
lord of a borough or city; at a certain yearly rent, or by services
relating to trade or handicraft. Burrill.

BURGALL
Bur"gall, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small marine fish; -- also called cunner.

BURGAMOT
Bur"ga*mot, n.

Defn: See Bergamot.

BURGANET
Bur"ga*net, n.

Defn: See Burgonet.

BURGEE
Bur"gee, n.

1. A kind of small coat.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A swallow-tailed flag; a distinguishing pen

BURGEOIS
Bur*geois", n. (Print.)

Defn: See 1st Bourgeous.

BURGEOIS
Bur*geois", n.

Defn: A burgess; a citizen. See 2d Bourgeois. [R.] Addison.

BURGEON
Bur"geon, v. i.

Defn: To bud. See Bourgeon.

BURGESS
Bur"gess, n. Etym: [OE. burgeis, OF. burgeis, fr. burcfortified town,
town, F. bourg village, fr. LL. burgus fort, city; from the German;
cf. MHG. burc, G. burg. See 1st Borough, and cf. 2d Bourgeois.]

1. An inhabitant of a borough or walled town, or one who possesses a
tenement therein; a citizen or freeman of a borough. Blackstone.

Note: "A burgess of a borough corresponds with a citizen of a city."
Burrill.

2. One who represents a borough in Parliament.

3. A magistrate of a borough.

4. An inhabitant of a Scotch burgh qualified to vote for municipal
officers.

Note: Before the Revolution, the representatives in the popular
branch of the legislature of Virginia were called burgesses; they are
now called delegates. Burgess oath. See Burgher, 2.

BURGESS-SHIP
Bur"gess-ship, n.

Defn: The state of privilege of a burgess. South.

BURGGRAVE
Burg"grave, n. Etym: [G. burggraf; burg fortress + graf count: cf. D.
burggraaf, F. burgrave. See Margrave.] (Gremany)

Defn: Originally, one appointed to the command of a burg (fortress or
castle); but the title afterward became hereditary, with a domain
attached.

BURGH
Burgh, n. Etym: [OE. See Burg.]

Defn: A borough or incorporated town, especially, one in Scotland.
See Borough.

BURGHAL
Burgh"al, a.

Defn: Belonging of a burgh.

BURGHBOTE
Burgh"bote`, n. Etym: [Burgh + bote.] (Old Law)

Defn: A contribution toward the building or repairing of castles or
walls for the defense of a city or town.

BURGHBRECH
Burgh"brech`, n. Etym: [Burgh + F. brèche, equiv. to E. breach.] (AS.
Law)

Defn: The offense of violating the pledge given by every inhabitant
of a tithing to keep the peace; breach of the peace. Burrill.

BURGHER
Burgh"er, n. Etym: [From burgh; akin to D. burger, G. bürger, Dan.
borger, Sw. borgare. See Burgh.]

1. A freeman of a burgh or borough, entitled to enjoy the privileges
of the place; any inhabitant of a borough.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A member of that party, among the Scotch seceders, which
asserted the lawfulness of the burgess oath (in which burgesses
profess "the true religion professed within the realm"), the opposite
party being called antiburghers.

Note: These parties arose among the Presbyterians of Scotland, in
1747, and in 1820 reunited under the name of the "United Associate
Synod of the Secession Church."

BURGHERMASTER
Burgh"er*mas`ter, n.

Defn: See Burgomaster.

BURGHERSHIP
Burgh"er*ship, n.

Defn: The state or privileges of a burgher.

BURGHMASTER
Burgh"mas`ter, n.

1. A burgomaster.

2. (Mining)

Defn: An officer who directs and lays out the meres or boundaries for
the workmen; -- called also bailiff, and barmaster. [Eng.]

BURGHMOTE
Burgh"mote`, n. (AS. Law) Etym: [Burgh + mote meeting.]

Defn: A court or meeting of a burgh or borough; a borough court held
three times yearly.

BURGLAR
Bur"glar, n. Etym: [OE. burg town, F. bourg, fr. LL. burgus (of
German origin) + OF. lere thief, fr. L. latro. See Borough, and
Larceny.] (Law)

Defn: One guilty of the crime of burglary. Burglar alarm, a device
for giving alarm if a door or window is opened from without.

BURGLARER
Bur"glar*er, n.

Defn: A burglar. [Obs.]

BURGLARIOUS
Bur*gla"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to burglary; constituting the crime of burglary.
To come down a chimney is held a burglarious entry. Blackstone.

BURGLARIOUSLY
Bur*gla"ri*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: With an intent to commit burglary; in the manner of a burglar.
Blackstone.

BURGLARY
Bur"gla*ry, n.; pl. Burglaries (. Etym: [Fr. Burglar; cf. LL.
burglaria.] (Law)

Defn: Breaking and entering the dwelling house of another, in the
nighttime, with intent to commit a felony therein, whether the
felonious purpose be accomplished or not. Wharton. Burrill.

Note: By statute law in some of the United States, burglary includes
the breaking with felonious intent into a house by day as well as by
night, and into other buildings than dwelling houses. Various degrees
of the crime are established.

BURGOMASTER
Bur"go*mas`ter, n. Etym: [D. burgemeester; burg borough + meester
master; akin to G. burgemeister, bürgermeister. See 1st Borough, and
Master.]

1. A chief magistrate of a municipal town in Holland, Flanders, and
Germany, corresponding to mayor in England and the United States; a
burghmaster.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An aquatic bird, the glaucous gull (Larus glaucus), common in
arctic regions.

BURGONET
Bur"go*net, n. Etym: [F. bouruignotte, because the Burgundians, F.
Bouruignons, first used it.]

Defn: A kind of helmet. [Written also burganet.] Shak.

BURGOO
Bur"goo, n. Etym: [Prov. E. burgood yeast, perh. fr. W. burym yeast +
cawl cabbage, gruel.]

Defn: A kind of oatmeal pudding, or thick gruel, used by seamen.
[Written also burgout.]

BURGRASS
Bur"grass`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Grass of the genus Cenchrus, growing in sand, and having burs
for fruit.

BURGRAVE
Bur"grave, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Burggrave.

BURGUNDY
Bur"gun*dy, n.

1. An old province of France (in the eastern central part).

2. A richly flavored wine, mostly red, made in Burgundy, France.
Burgundy pitch, a resinous substance prepared from the exudation of
the Norway spruce (Abies excelsa) by melting in hot water and
straining through cloth. The genuine Burgundy pitch, supposed to have
been first prepared in Burgundy, is rare, but there are many
imitations. It has a yellowish brown color, is translucent and hard,
but viscous. It is used in medicinal plasters.

BURH
Burh, n.

Defn: See Burg. [Obs.]

BURHEL; BURRHEL
Bur"hel, Burr"hel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wild Himalayan, or blue, sheep (Ovis burrhel).

BURIAL
Bur"i*al, n. Etym: [OE. buriel, buriels, grave, tomb, AS. byrgels,
fr. byrgan to bury, and akin to OS. burgisli sepulcher.]

1. A grave; a tomb; a place of sepulture. [Obs.]
The erthe schook, and stoones weren cloven, and biriels weren opened.
Wycliff [Matt. xxvii. 51, 52].

2. The act of burying; depositing a dead body in the earth, in a tomb
or vault, or in the water, usually with attendant ceremonies;
sepulture; interment. "To give a public burial." Shak.
Now to glorious burial slowly borne. Tennyson.
Burial case, a form of coffin, usually of iron, made to close air-
tight, for the preservation of a dead body.
 -- Burial ground, a piece of ground selected and set apart for a
place of buriials, and consecrated to such use by religious
ceremonies.
 -- Burial place, any place where burials are made.
 -- Burial service. (a) The religious service performed at the
interment of the dead; a funeral service. (b) That portion of a
liturgy which is read at an interment; as, the English burial
service.

Syn.
 -- Sepulture; interment; inhumation.

BURIER
Bur"i*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, buries.
Till the buriers have buried it. Ezek. xxxix. 15.
And darkness be the burier of the dead. Shak.

BURIN
Bu"rin, n. Etym: [F. burin, cf. It. burino, bulino; prob. from OHG.
bora borer, boron to bore, G. bohren. See 1st Bore.]

1. The cutting tool of an engraver on metal, used in line engraving.
It is made of tempered steel, one end being ground off obliquely so
as to produce a sharp point, and the other end inserted in a handle;
a graver; also, the similarly shaped tool used by workers in marble.

2. The manner or style of execution of an engraver; as, a soft burin;
a brilliant burin.

BURINIST
Bu"rin*ist, n.

Defn: One who works with the burin. For. Quart. Rev.

BURION
Bu"ri*on, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The red-breasted house sparrow of California (Carpodacus
frontalis); -- called also crimson-fronted bullfinch. [Written also
burrion.]

BURKE
Burke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burkeder, p. pr. & vb.n. Burkinger.] Etym:
[From one Burke of Edinburgh, who committed the crime in 1829.]

1. To murder by suffocation, or so as to produce few marks of
violence, for the purpose of obtaining a body to be sold for
dissection.

2. To dispose of quietly or indirectly; to suppress; to smother; to
shelve; as, to burke a parliamentary question.
The court could not burke an inquiry, supported by such a mass of a
affidavits. C. Reade.

BURKISM
Burk"ism, n.

Defn: The practice of killing persons for the purpose of selling
their bodies for dissection.

BURL
Burl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Burling.] Etym:
[OE. burle stuffing, or a knot in cloth; cf. F. bourlet, bourrelet,
OF. bourel, a wreath or a roll of cloth, linen, or leather, stuffed
with flocks, etc., dim. of bourre. *92. See Bur.]

Defn: To dress or finish up (cloth); to pick knots, burs, loose
threads, etc., from, as in finishing cloth. Burling iron, a peculiar
kind of nippers or tweezers used in burling woolen cloth.

BURL
Burl, n.

1. A knot or lump in thread or cloth.

2. An overgrown knot, or an excrescence, on a tree; also, veneer made
from such excrescences.

BURLAP
Bur"lap, n.

Defn: A coarse fabric, made of jute or hemp, used for bagging; also,
a finer variety of similar material, used for curtains, etc. [Written
also burlaps.]

BURLER
Burl"er, n.

Defn: One who burls or dresses cloth.

BURLESQUE
Bur*lesque", a. Etym: [F. burlesque, fr. It. burlesco, fr. burla
jest, mockery, perh. for burrula, dim. of L. burrae trifles. See
Bur.]

Defn: Tending to excite laughter or contempt by extravagant images,
or by a contrast between the subject and the manner of treating it,
as when a trifling subject is treated with mock gravity; jocular;
ironical.
It is a dispute among the critics, whether burlesque poetry runs best
in heroic verse, like that of the Dispensary, or in doggerel, like
that of Hudibras. Addison.

BURLESQUE
Bur*lesque", n.

1. Ludicrous representation; exaggerated parody; grotesque satire.
Burlesque is therefore of two kinds; the first represents mean
persons in the accouterments of heroes, the other describes great
persons acting and speaking like the basest among the people.
Addison.

2. An ironical or satirical composition intended to excite laughter,
or to ridicule anything.
The dull burlesque appeared with impudence, And pleased by novelty in
spite of sense. Dryden.

3. A ludicrous imitation; a caricature; a travesty; a gross
perversion.
Who is it that admires, and from the heart is attached to, national
representative assemblies, but must turn with horror and disgust from
such a profane burlesque and abominable perversion of that sacred
institute Burke.

Syn.
 -- Mockery; farce; travesty; mimicry.

BURLESQUE
Bur*lesque", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burlesqued; p. pr. & vb. n.
Burlesquing.]

Defn: To ridicule, or to make ludicrous by grotesque representation
in action or in language.
They burlesqued the prophet Jeremiah's words, and turned the
expression he used into ridicule. Stillingfleet.

BURLESQUE
Bur*lesque", v. i.

Defn: To employ burlesque.

BURLESQUER
Bur*les"quer, n.

Defn: One who burlesques.

BURLETTA
Bur*let"ta, n. Etym: [It., dim. of burla mockery. See Burlesque, a.]
(Mus.)

Defn: A comic operetta; a music farce. Byron.

BURLINESS
Bur"li*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being burly.

BURLY
Bur"ly, a. Etym: [OE. burlich strong, excellent; perh. orig. fit for
a lady's bower, hence handsome, manly, stout. Cf. Bower.]

1. Having a large, strong, or gross body; stout; lusty; -- now used
chiefly of human beings, but formerly of animals, in the sense of
stately or beautiful, and of inanimate things that were huge and
bulky. "Burly sacks." Drayton.
In his latter days, with overliberal diet, [he was] somewhat
corpulent and burly. Sir T. More.
Burly and big, and studious of his ease. Cowper.

2. Coarse and rough; boisterous.
It was the orator's own burly way of nonsense. Cowley.

BURMAN
Bur"man, n.; pl. Burmans (. Etym: ["The softened modern M'yan-ma,
M'yan-ma [native name] is the source of the European corruption
Burma." Balfour.], (Ethnol.)

Defn: A member of the Burman family, one of the four great families
Burmah; also, sometimes, any inhabitant of Burmah; a Burmese.
 -- a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Burmans or to Burmah.

BUR MARIGOLD
Bur" mar"i*gold.

Defn: See Beggar's ticks.

BURMESE
Bur`mese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Burmah, or its inhabitants.
 -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or the natives of Burmah. Also (sing.), the language
of the Burmans.

BURN
Burn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burned (Burnt (p. pr. & vb. n. Burning.]
Etym: [OE. bernen, brennen, v.t., early confused with beornen,
birnen, v.i., AS. bærnan, bernan, v.t., birnan, v.i.; akin to OS.
brinnan, OFries. barna, berna, OHG. brinnan, brennan, G. brennen, OD.
bernen, D. branden, Dan. brænde, Sw. bränna, brinna, Icel. brenna,
Goth. brinnan, brannjan (in comp.), and possibly to E. fervent.]

1. To consume with fire; to reduce to ashes by the action of heat or
fire; -- frequently intensified by up: as, to burn up wood. "We'll
burn his body in the holy place." Shak.

2. To injure by fire or heat; to change destructively some property
or properties of, by undue exposure to fire or heat; to scorch; to
scald; to blister; to singe; to char; to sear; as, to burn steel in
forging; to burn one's face in the sun; the sun burns the grass.

3. To perfect or improve by fire or heat; to submit to the action of
fire or heat for some economic purpose; to destroy or change some
property or properties of, by exposure to fire or heat in due degree
for obtaining a desired residuum, product, or effect; to bake; as, to
burn clay in making bricks or pottery; to burn wood so as to produce
charcoal; to burn limestone for the lime.

4. To make or produce, as an effect or result, by the application of
fire or heat; as, to burn a hole; to burn charcoal; to burn letters
into a block.

5. To consume, injure, or change the condition of, as if by action of
fire or heat; to affect as fire or heat does; as, to burn the mouth
with pepper.
This tyrant fever burns me up. Shak.
This dry sorrow burns up all my tears. Dryden.
When the cold north wind bloweth, . . . it devoureth the mountains,
and burneth the wilderness, and consumeth the Ecclus. xliii. 20, 21.

6. (Surg.)

Defn: To apply a cautery to; to cauterize.

7. (Chem.)

Defn: To cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent, with
evolution of heat; to consume; to oxidize; as, a man burns a certain
amount of carbon at each respiration; to burn iron in oxygen. To
burn, To burn together, as two surfaces of metal (Engin.), to fuse
and unite them by pouring over them a quantity of the same metal in a
liquid state.
 -- To burn a bowl (Game of Bowls), to displace it accidentally, the
bowl so displaced being said to be burned.
 -- To burn daylight, to light candles before it is dark; to waste
time; to perform superfluous actions. Shak.
 -- To burn one's fingers, to get one's self into unexpected trouble,
as by interfering the concerns of others, speculation, etc.
 -- To burn out, to destroy or obliterate by burning. "Must you with
hot irons burn out mine eyes" Shak.
 -- To be burned out, to suffer loss by fire, as the burning of one's
house, store, or shop, with the contents.
 -- To burn up, To burn down, to burn entirely.

BURN
Burn, v. i.

1. To be of fire; to flame. "The mount burned with fire." Deut. ix.
15.

2. To suffer from, or be scorched by, an excess of heat.
Your meat doth burn, quoth I. Shak.

3. To have a condition, quality, appearance, sensation, or emotion,
as if on fire or excessively heated; to act or rage with destructive
violence; to be in a state of lively emotion or strong desire; as,
the face burns; to burn with fever.
Did not our heart burn within us, while he talked with us by the way
Luke xxiv. 32.
The barge she sat in, like a burnished throne, Burned on the water.
Shak.
Burning with high hope. Byron.
The groan still deepens, and the combat burns. Pope.
The parching air Burns frore, and cold performs the effect of fire.
Milton.

4. (Chem.)

Defn: To combine energetically, with evolution of heat; as, copper
burns in chlorine.

5. In certain games, to approach near to a concealed object which is
sought. [Colloq.] To burn out, to burn till the fuel is exhausted.
 -- To burn up, To burn down, to be entirely consumed.

BURN
Burn, n.

1. A hurt, injury, or effect caused by fire or excessive or intense
heat.

2. The operation or result of burning or baking, as in brickmaking;
as, they have a good burn.

3. A disease in vegetables. See Brand, n., 6.

BURN
Burn, n. Etym: [See 1st Bourn.]

Defn: A small stream. [Scot.]

BURNABLE
Burn"a*ble, a.

Defn: Combustible. Cotgrave.

BURNED
Burned, p. p. & a.

Defn: See Burnt.

BURNED
Burned, p. p.

Defn: Burnished. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BURNER
Burn"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, burns or sets fire to anything.

2. The part of a lamp, gas fixture, etc., where the flame is
produced. Bunsen's burner (Chem.), a kind of burner, invented by
Professor Bunsen of Heidelberg, consisting of a straight tube, four
or five inches in length, having small holes for the entrance of air
at the bottom. Illuminating gas being also admitted at the bottom, a
mixture of gas and air is formed which burns at the top with a feebly
luminous but intensely hot flame.
 -- Argand burner, Rose burner, etc. See under Argand, Rose, etc.

BURNET
Bur"net, n. Etym: [OE. burnet burnet; also, brownish (the plant perh.
being named from its color), fr. F. brunet, dim. of brun brown; cf.
OF. brunete a sort of flower. See Brunette.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of perennial herbs (Poterium); especially,
P.Sanguisorba, the common, or garden, burnet. Burnet moth (Zoöl.), in
England, a handsome moth (Zygæna filipendula), with crimson spots on
the wings.
 -- Burnet saxifrage. (Bot.) See Saxifrage.
 -- Canadian burnet, a marsh plant (Poterium Canadensis).
 -- Great burnet, Wild burnet, Poterium (or Sanguisorba) oficinalis.

BURNETTIZE
Bur"nett*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burnettized (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Burnettizing.] (Manuf.)

Defn: To subject (wood, fabrics, etc.) to a process of saturation in
a solution of chloride of zinc, to prevent decay; -- a process
invented by Sir William Burnett.

BURNIE
Burn"ie, n. Etym: [See 4th Burn.]

Defn: A small brook. [Scot.] Burns.

BURNIEBEE
Bur"nie*bee`, n.

Defn: The ladybird. [Prov. Eng.]

BURNING
Burn"ing, a.

1. That burns; being on fire; excessively hot; fiery.

2. Consuming; intense; inflaming; exciting; vehement; powerful; as,
burning zeal.
Like a young hound upon a burning scent. Dryden.
Burning bush (Bot.), an ornamental shrub (Euonymus atropurpureus),
bearing a crimson berry.

BURNING
Burn"ing, n.

Defn: The act of consuming by fire or heat, or of subjecting to the
effect of fire or heat; the state of being on fire or excessively
heated. Burning fluid, any volatile illuminating oil, as the lighter
petroleums (naphtha, benzine), or oil of turpentine (camphine), but
esp. a mixture of the latter with alcohol.
 -- Burning glass, a conxex lens of considerable size, used for
producing an intense heat by converging the sun's rays to a focus.
 -- Burning house (Metal.), the furnace in which tin ores are
calcined, to sublime the sulphur and arsenic from the pyrites. Weale.
 -- Burning mirror, a concave mirror, or a combination of plane
mirrors, used for the same purpose as a burning glass.

Syn.
 -- Combustion; fire; conflagration; flame; blaze.

BURNISH
Bur"nish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burnished; p. pr. & vb. n. Burnishing.]
Etym: [OE. burnischen, burnissen, burnen, OF. burnir, brunir, to make
brown, polish, F. brunir, fr. F. brun brown, fr. OHG. br; cf. MHG.
briunen to make brown, polish. See Brown, a.]

Defn: To cause to shine; to make smooth and bright; to polish;
specifically, to polish by rubbing with something hard and smooth;
as, to burnish brass or paper.
The frame of burnished steel, that east a glare From far, and seemed
to thaw the freezing air. Dryden.
Now the village windows blaze, Burnished by the setting sun.
Cunningham.
Burnishing machine, a machine for smoothing and polishing by
compression, as in making paper collars.

BURNISH
Bur"nish, v. i.

Defn: To shine forth; to brighten; to become smooth and glossy, as
from swelling or filling out; hence, to grow large.
A slender poet must have time to grow, And spread and burnish as his
brothers do. Dryden.
My thoughts began to burnish, sprout, and swell. Herbert.

BURNISH
Bur"nish, n.

Defn: The effect of burnishing; gloss; brightness; luster. Crashaw.

BURNISHER
Bur"nish*er, n.

1. One who burnishes.

2. A tool with a hard, smooth, rounded end or surface, as of steel,
ivory, or agate, used in smoothing or polishing by rubbing. It has a
variety of forms adapted to special uses.

BURNOOSE; BURNOUS
Bur"noose, Bur"nous, n. Etym: [Ar. burnus a kind of high-crowned cap:
cf. F. bournous, burnous, Sp. al-bornoz, a sort of upper garment,
with a hood attached.]

1. A cloaklike garment and hood woven in one piece, worn by Arabs.

2. A combination cloak and hood worn by women. [Variously written
bournous, bernouse, bornous, etc.]

BURNSTICKLE
Burn"stic`kle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).

BURNT
Burnt, p. p. & a.

Defn: Consumed with, or as with, fire; scorched or dried, as with
fire or heat; baked or hardened in the fire or the sun. Burnt ear, a
black, powdery fungus which destroys grain. See Smut.
 -- Burnt offering, something offered and burnt on an altar, as an
atonement for sin; a sacrifice. The offerings of the Jews were a
clean animal, as an ox, a calf, a goat, or a sheep; or some vegetable
substance, as bread, or ears of wheat or barley. Called also burnt
sacrifice. [2 Sam. xxiv. 22.]

BURR
Burr, n. Etym: [See Bur.] (Bot.)

1. A prickly seed vessel. See Bur, 1.

2. The thin edge or ridge left by a tool in cutting or shaping metal,
as in turning, engraving, pressing, etc.; also, the rough neck left
on a bullet in casting.
The graver, in plowing furrows in the surface of the copper, raises
corresponding ridges or burrs. Tomlinson.

3. A thin flat piece of metal, formed from a sheet by punching; a
small washer put on the end of a rivet before it is swaged down.

4. A broad iron ring on a tilting lance just below the gripe, to
prevent the hand from slipping.

5. The lobe or lap of the ear.

6. Etym: [Probably of imitative origin.]

Defn: A guttural pronounciation of the letter r, produced by trilling
the extremity of the soft palate against the back part of the tongue;
rotacism; -- often called the Newcastle, Northumberland, or
Tweedside, burr.

7. The knot at the bottom of an antler. See Bur, n., 8.

BURR
Burr, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Burred; p. pr. & vb. n. Burring.]

Defn: To speak with burr; to make a hoarse or guttural murmur. Mrs.
Browning.

BURREL
Bur"rel, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. burel reddish (cf. Borel, n.), or F.
beurré butter pear, fr. beurre butter. Cf. Butter.]

Defn: A sort of pear, called also the red butter pear, from its
smooth, delicious, soft pulp.

BURREL
Bur"rel, n.

Defn: Same as Borrel.

BURREL FLY
Bur"rel fly`. Etym: [From its reddish color. See 1st Burrel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The botfly or gadfly of cattle (Hypoderma bovis). See Gadfly.

BURREL SHOT
Bur"rel shot`. Etym: [Either from annoying the enemy like a burrel
fly, or, less probably, fr. F. bourreler to sting, torture.] (Gun.)

Defn: A mixture of shot, nails, stones, pieces of old iron, etc.,
fired from a cannon at short range, in an emergency. [R.]

BURRING MACHINE
Burr"ing ma*chine".

Defn: A machine for cleansing wool of burs, seeds, and other
substances.

BURR MILLSTONE
Burr" mill"stone`.

Defn: See Buhrstone.

BURRO
Bur"ro, n. Etym: [Sp., an ass.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A donkey. [Southern U.S.]

BURROCK
Bur"rock, n. Etym: [Perh. from AS. burg, burh, hill + -ock.]

Defn: A small weir or dam in a river to direct the stream to gaps
where fish traps are placed. Knight.

BURROW
Bur"row, n. Etym: [See 1st Borough.]

1. An incorporated town. See 1st Borough.

2. A shelter; esp. a hole in the ground made by certain animals, as
rabbits, for shelter and habitation.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A heap or heaps of rubbish or refuse.

4. A mound. See 3d Barrow, and Camp, n., 5.

BURROW
Bur"row, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Burrowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Burrowing.]

1. To excavate a hole to lodge in, as in the earth; to lodge in a
hole excavated in the earth, as conies or rabbits.

2. To lodge, or take refuge, in any deep or concealed place; to hide.
Sir, this vermin of court reporters, when they are forced into day
upon one point, are sure to burrow in another. Burke.
Burrowing owl (Zoöl.), a small owl of the western part of North
America (Speotyto cunicularia), which lives in holes, often in
company with the prairie dog.

BURROWER
Bur"row*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, burrows; an animal that makes a hole
under ground and lives in it.

BURRSTONE
Burr"stone`, n.

Defn: See Buhrstone.

BURRY
Burr"y, a.

Defn: Abounding in burs, or containing burs; resembling burs; as,
burry wool.

BURSA
Bur"sa, n.; pl. Bursæ (. Etym: [L. See Burse.] (Anat.)

Defn: Any sac or saclike cavity; especially, one of the synovial
sacs, or small spaces, often lined with synovial membrane, interposed
between tendons and bony prominences.

BURSAL
Bur"sal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a bursa or to bursæ.

BURSAR
Bur"sar, n. Etym: [LL. bursarius, fr. bursa purse. See Burse, and cf.
Purser.]

1. A treasurer, or cash keeper; a purser; as, the bursar of a
college, or of a monastery.

2. A student to whom a stipend or bursary is paid for his complete or
partial support.

BURSARSHIP
Bur"sar*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a bursar.

BURSARY
Bur"sa*ry, n.; pl. -ries. Etym: [LL. bursaria. See Bursar.]

1. The treasury of a college or monastery.

2. A scholarship or charitable foundation in a university, as in
scotland; a sum given to enable a student to pursue his studies. "No
woman of rank or fortune but would have a bursary in her gift."
Southey.

BURSCH
Bursch, n.; pl. Burschen. Etym: [G., ultimately fr. LL. bursa. See
Burse.]

Defn: A youth; especially, a student in a german university.

BURSCHENSCHAFT
Bur"schen*schaft`, n.; pl. -schaften (#). [G.]

Defn: In Germany, any of various associations of university students
formed (the original one at Jena in 1815) to support liberal ideas,
or the organization formed by the affiliation of the local bodies.
The organization was suppressed by the government in 1819, but was
secretly revived, and is now openly maintained as a social
organization, the restrictive laws having been repealed prior to
1849. -- Bur"schen*schaft`ler (#), -schaf`ter (#), n.

BURSE
Burse, n. Etym: [LL. bursa, or F. bourse. See Bourse, and cf. Bursch,
Purse.]

1. A purse; also, a vesicle; a pod; a hull. [Obs.] Holland.

2. A fund or foundation for the maintenance of needy scholars in
their studies; also, the sum given to the beneficiaries. [Scot.]

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: An ornamental case of hold the corporal when not in use.
Shipley.

4. An exchange, for merchants and bankers, in the cities of
continental Europe. Same as Bourse.

5. A kind of bazaar. [Obs.]
She says she went to the burse for patterns. Old Play.

BURSICULATE
Bur*sic"u*late, a. Etym: [See Burse.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bursiform.

BURSIFORM
Bur"si*form, a. Etym: [LL. bursa purse + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like a purse.

BURSITIS
Bur*si"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. E. bursa + -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of a bursa.

BURST
Burst, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Burst; p. pr. & vb. n. Bursting. The past
participle bursten is obsolete.] Etym: [OE. bersten, bresten, AS.
berstan (pers. sing. berste, imp. sing. bærst, imp. pl. burston, p.p.
borsten); akin to D. bersten, G. bersten, OHG. brestan, OS. brestan,
Icel. bresta, Sw. brista, Dan. briste. Cf. Brast, Break.]

1. To fly apart or in pieces; of break open; to yield to force or
pressure, especially to a sudden and violent exertion of force, or to
pressure from within; to explode; as, the boiler had burst; the buds
will burst in spring.
From the egg that soon Bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed
Their callow young. Milton.

Note: Often used figuratively, as of the heart, in reference to a
surcharge of passion, grief, desire, etc.
No, no, my heart will burst, an if I speak: And I will speak, that so
my heart may burst. Shak.

2. To exert force or pressure by which something is made suddenly to
give way; to break through obstacles or limitations; hence, to appear
suddenly and unexpecedly or unaccountably, or to depart in such
manner; -- usually with some qualifying adverb or preposition, as
forth, out, away, into, upon, through, etc.
Tears, such as angels weep, burst forth. Milton.
And now you burst (ah cruel!) from my arms. Pope.
A resolved villain Whose bowels suddenly burst out. Shak.
We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea. Coleridge.
To burst upon him like an earthquake. Goldsmith.

BURST
Burst, v. t.

1. To break or rend by violence, as by an overcharge or by strain or
pressure, esp. from within; to force open suddenly; as, to burst a
cannon; to burst a blood vessel; to burst open the doors.
My breast I'll burst with straining of my courage. Shak.

2. To break. [Obs.]
You will not pay for the glasses you have burst Shak.
He burst his lance against the sand below. Fairfax (Tasso).

3. To produce as an effect of bursting; as, to burst a hole through
the wall. Bursting charge. See under Charge.

BURST
Burst, n.

1. A sudden breaking forth; a violent rending; an explosion; as, a
burst of thunder; a burst of applause; a burst of passion; a burst of
inspiration.
Bursts of fox-hunting melody. W. Irving.

2. Any brief, violent evertion or effort; a spurt; as, a burst of
speed.

3. A sudden opening, as of landscape; a stretch; an expanse. [R.] "A
fine burst of country." Jane Austen.

4. A rupture of hernia; a breach.

BURSTEN
Burst"en,

Defn: p. p. of Burst, v. i. [Obs.]

BURSTER
Burst"er, n.

Defn: One that bursts.

BURSTWORT
Burst"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Herniaria glabra) supposed to be valuable for the cure
of hernia or rupture.

BURT
Burt, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Birt. [Prov. Eng.]

BURTHEN
Bur"then, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Burden. [Archaic]

BURTON
Bur"ton, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. & Prov. E. bort to press or indent
anything.] (Naut.)

Defn: A peculiar tackle, formed of two or more blocks, or pulleys,
the weight being suspended of a hook block in the bight of the
running part.

BURY
Bur"y, n. Etym: [See 1st Borough.]

1. A borough; a manor; as, the Bury of St. Edmond's; --

Note: used as a termination of names of places; as, Canterbury,
Shrewsbury.

2. A manor house; a castle. [Prov. Eng.]
To this very day, the chief house of a manor, or the lord's seat, is
called bury, in some parts of England. Miege.

BURY
Bur"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buried; p. pr. & vb. n. Burying.] Etym:
[OE. burien, birien, berien, AS. byrgan; akin to beorgan to protect,
OHG. bergan, G. bergen, Icel. bjarga, Sw. berga, Dan. bierge, Goth.
baírgan. sq. root95. Cf. Burrow.]

1. To cover out of sight, either by heaping something over, or by
placing within something, as earth, etc.; to conceal by covering; to
hide; as, to bury coals in ashes; to bury the face in the hands.
And all their confidence Under the weight of mountains buried deep.
Milton.

2. Specifically: To cover out of sight, as the body of a deceased
person, in a grave, a tomb, or the ocean; to deposit (a corpse) in
its resting place, with funeral ceremonies; to inter; to inhume.
Lord, suffer me first to go and bury my father. Matt. viii. 21.
I'll bury thee in a triumphant grave. Shak.

3. To hide in oblivion; to put away finally; to abandon; as, to bury
strife.
Give me a bowl of wine In this I bury all unkindness, Cassius. Shak.
Burying beetle (Zoöl.), the general name of many species of beetles,
of the tribe Necrophaga; the sexton beetle; -- so called from their
habit of burying small dead animals by digging away the earth beneath
them. The larvæ feed upon decaying flesh, and are useful scavengers.
 -- To bury the hatchet, to lay aside the instruments of war, and
make peace; -- a phrase used in allusion to the custom observed by
the North American Indians, of burying a tomahawk when they conclude
a peace.

Syn.
 -- To intomb; inter; inhume; inurn; hide; cover; conceal; overwhelm;
repress.

BURYING GROUND; BURYING PLACE
Bur"y*ing ground`, Bur"y*ing place.

Defn: The ground or place for burying the dead; burial place.

BUS
Bus, n. Etym: [Abbreviated from omnibus.]

Defn: An omnibus. [Colloq.]

BUSBY
Bus"by, n.; pl. Busbies (. (Mil.)

Defn: A military headdress or cap, used in the British army. It is of
fur, with a bag, of the same color as the facings of the regiment,
hanging from the top over the right shoulder.

BUSCON
Bus"con, n. Etym: [Sp., a searcher, fr. buscar to search.]

Defn: One who searches for ores; a prospector. [U.S.]

BUSH
Bush, n. Etym: [OE. bosch, busch, buysch, bosk, busk; akin to D.
bosch, OHG. busc, G. busch, Icel. b, b, Dan. busk, Sw. buske, and
also to LL. boscus, buscus, Pr. bosc, It. bosco, Sp. & Pg. bosque, F.
bois, OF. bos. Whether the LL. or G. form ibox a case. Cf. Ambush,
Boscage, Bouquet, Box a case.]

1. A thicket, or place abounding in trees or shrubs; a wild forest.

Note: This was the original sense of the word, as in the Dutch bosch,
a wood, and was so used by Chaucer. In this sense it is extensively
used in the British colonies, especially at the Cape of Good Hope,
and also in Australia and Canada; as, to live or settle in the bush.

2. A shrub; esp., a shrub with branches rising from or near the root;
a thick shrub or a cluster of shrubs.
To bind a bush of thorns among sweet-smelling flowers. Gascoigne.

3. A shrub cut off, or a shrublike branch of a tree; as, bushes to
support pea vines.

4. A shrub or branch, properly, a branch of ivy (as sacred to
Bacchus), hung out at vintners' doors, or as a tavern sign; hence, a
tavern sign, and symbolically, the tavern itself.
If it be true that good wine needs no bush, 't is true that a good
play needs no epilogue. Shak.

5. (Hunting)

Defn: The tail, or brush, of a fox. To beat about the bush, to
approach anything in a round-about manner, instead of coming directly
to it; -- a metaphor taken from hunting.
 -- Bush bean (Bot.), a variety of bean which is low and requires no
support (Phaseolus vulgaris, variety nanus). See Bean, 1.
 -- Bush buck, or Bush goat (Zoöl.), a beautiful South African
antelope (Tragelaphus sylvaticus); -- so called because found mainly
in wooden localities. The name is also applied to other species.
 -- Bush cat (Zoöl.), the serval. See Serval.
 -- Bush chat (Zoöl.), a bird of the genus Pratincola, of the Thrush
family.
 -- Bush dog. (Zoöl.) See Potto.
 -- Bush hammer. See Bushhammer in the Vocabulary.
 -- Bush harrow (Agric.) See under Harrow.
 -- Bush hog (Zoöl.), a South African wild hog (Potamochoerus
Africanus); -- called also bush pig, and water hog.
 -- Bush master (Zoöl.), a venomous snake (Lachesis mutus) of Guinea;
-- called also surucucu.
 -- Bush pea (Bot.), a variety of pea that needs to be bushed.
 -- Bush shrike (Zoöl.), a bird of the genus Thamnophilus, and allied
genera; -- called also batarg. Many species inhabit tropical America.
 -- Bush tit (Zoöl.), a small bird of the genus Psaltriparus, allied
to the titmouse. P. minimus inhabits California.

BUSH
Bush, v. i.

Defn: To branch thickly in the manner of a bush. "The bushing
alders." Pope.

BUSH
Bush, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bushed (p. pr. & vb.n. Bushing.]

1. To set bushes for; to support with bushes; as, to bush peas.

2. To use a bush harrow on (land), for covering seeds sown; to harrow
with a bush; as, to bush a piece of land; to bush seeds into the
ground.

BUSH
Bush, n. Etym: [D. bus a box, akin to E. box; or F. boucher to plug.]

1. (Mech.)

Defn: A lining for a hole to make it smaller; a thimble or ring of
metal or wood inserted in a plate or other part of machinery to
receive the wear of a pivot or arbor. Knight.

Note: In the larger machines, such a piece is called a box,
particularly in the United States.

2. (Gun.)

Defn: A piece of copper, screwed into a gun, through which the
venthole is bored. Farrow.

BUSH
Bush, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with a bush, or lining; as, to bush a pivot hole.

BUSHBOY
Bush"boy, n.

Defn: See Bushman.

BUSHEL
Bush"el, n. Etym: [OE. buschel, boischel, OF. boissel, bussel,
boistel, F. boisseau, LL. bustellus; dim. of bustia, buxida (OF.
boiste), fr. pyxida, acc. of L. pyxis box, Gr. Box.]

1. A dry measure, containing four pecks, eight gallons, or thirty-two
quarts.

Note: The Winchester bushel, formerly used in England, contained
2150.42 cubic inches, being the volume of a cylinder 18

2. A vessel of the capacity of a bushel, used in measuring; a bushel
measure.
Is a candle brought to be put under a bushel, or under a bed, and not
to be set on a candlestick Mark iv. 21.

3. A quantity that fills a bushel measure; as, a heap containing ten
bushels of apples.

Note: In the United States a large number of articles, bought and
sold by the bushel, are measured by weighing, the number of pounds
that make a bushel being determined by State law or by local custom.
For some articles, as apples, potatoes, etc., heaped measure is
required in measuring a bushel.

4. A large indefinite quantity. [Colloq.]
The worthies of antiquity bought the rarest pictures with bushels of
gold, without counting the weight or the number of the pieces.
Dryden.

5. The iron lining in the nave of a wheel. [Eng.] In the United
States it is called a box. See 4th Bush.

BUSHELAGE
Bush"el*age, n.

Defn: A duty payable on commodities by the bushel. [Eng.]

BUSHELMAN
Bush"el*man, n.

Defn: A tailor's assistant for repairing garments; -- called also
busheler. [Local, U.S.]

BUSHET
Bush"et, n. Etym: [See Bosket.]

Defn: A small bush.

BUSHFIGHTER
Bush"fight`er, n.

Defn: One accustomed to bushfighting. Parkman.

BUSHFIGHTING
Bush"fight`ing, n.

Defn: Fighting in the bush, or from behind bushes, trees, or
thickets.

BUSHHAMMER
Bush"ham`mer, n.

Defn: A hammer with a head formed of a bundle of square bars, with
pyramidal points, arranged in rows, or a solid head with a face cut
into a number of rows of such points; -- used for dressing stone.

BUSHHAMMER
Bush"ham`mer, v. t.

Defn: To dress with bushhammer; as, to bushhammer a block of granite.

BUSHIDO
Bu"shi`do` (boo"she`do`), n. [Jap. bu military + shi knight + do way,
doctrine, principle.]

Defn: The unwritten code of moral principles regulating the actions
of the Japanese knighthood, or Samurai; the chivalry of Japan.

Unformulated, Bushido was and still is the animating spirit, the
motor force of our country.
Inazo Nitobé.

BUSHINESS
Bush"i*ness, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being bushy.

BUSHING
Bush"ing, n. Etym: [See 4th Bush.]

1. The operation of fitting bushes, or linings, into holes or places
where wear is to be received, or friction diminished, as pivot holes,
etc.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A bush or lining; -- sometimes called . See 4th Bush.

BUSHLESS
Bush"less, a.

Defn: Free from bushes; bare.
O'er the long backs of the bushless downs. Tennyson.

BUSHMAN
Bush"man, n.; pl. Bushmen. Etym: [Cf. D. boschman, boschjesman. See
1st Bush.]

1. A woodsman; a settler in the bush.

2. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of a race of South African nomads, living principally in
the deserts, and not classified as allied in race or language to any
other people.

BUSHMENT
Bush"ment, n. Etym: [OE. busshement ambush, fr. bush.]

1. A thicket; a cluster of bushes. [Obs.] Raleigh.

2. An ambuscade. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

BUSHRANGER
Bush"ran`ger, n.

Defn: One who roams, or hides, among the bushes; especially, in
Australia, an escaped criminal living in the bush.

BUSHWHACKER
Bush"whack`er, n.

1. One accustomed to beat about, or travel through, bushes. [U.S.]
They were gallant bushwhackers, and hunters of raccoons by moonlight.
W. Irving.

2. A guerrilla; a marauding assassin; one who pretends to be a
peaceful citizen, but secretly harasses a hostile force or its
sympathizers. [U.S.] Farrow.

BUSHWHACKING
Bush"whack`ing, n.

1. Traveling, or working a way, through bushes; pulling by the
bushes, as in hauling a boat along the bushy margin of a stream.
[U.S.] T. Flint.

2. The crimes or warfare of bushwhackers. [U.S.]

BUSHY
Bush"y, a. Etym: [From 1st Bush.]

1. Thick and spreading, like a bush. "Bushy eyebrows." Irving.

2. Full of bushes; overgrowing with shrubs.
Dingle, or bushy dell, of this wild wood. Milton.

BUSILY
Bus"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a busy manner.

BUSINESS
Busi"ness, n.; pl. Businesses. Etym: [From Busy.]

1. That which busies one, or that which engages the time, attention,
or labor of any one, as his principal concern or interest, whether
for a longer or shorter time; constant employment; regular
occupation; as, the business of life; business before pleasure.
Wist ye not that I must be about my Father's business Luke ii. 49.

2. Any particular occupation or employment engaged in for livelihood
or gain, as agriculture, trade, art, or a profession. "The business
of instruction." Prescott.

3. Financial dealings; buying and selling; traffic in general;
mercantile transactions.
It seldom happens that men of a studious turn acquire any degree of
reputation for their knowledge of business. Bp. Popteus.

4. That which one has to do or should do; special service, duty, or
mission.
The daughter of the King of France, On serious business, craving
quick despatch, Importunes personal conference. Shak.
What business has the tortoise among the clouds L'Estrange.

5. Affair; concern; matter; -- used in an indefinite sense, and
modified by the connected words.
It was a gentle business, and becoming The action of good women.
Shak.
Bestow Your needful counsel to our business. Shak.

6. (Drama)

Defn: The position, distribution, and order of persons and properties
on the stage of a theater, as determined by the stage manager in
rehearsal.

7. Care; anxiety; diligence. [Obs.] Chaucer. To do one's business, to
ruin one. [Colloq.] Wycherley.
 -- To make (a thing) one's business, to occupy one's self with a
thing as a special charge or duty. [Colloq.] -- To mean business, to
be earnest. [Colloq.]

Syn.
 -- Affairs; concern; transaction; matter; engagement; employment;
calling; occupation; trade; profession; vocation; office; duty.

BUSINESSLIKE
Busi"ness*like`, a.

Defn: In the manner of one transacting business wisely and by right
methods.

BUSK
Busk, n. Etym: [F. busc, perh. fr. the hypothetical older form of E.
bois wood, because the first busks were made of wood. See Bush, and
cf. OF. busche, F. bûche, a piece or log of wood, fr. the same root.]

Defn: A thin, elastic strip of metal, whalebone, wood, or other
material, worn in the front of a corset.
Her long slit sleeves, stiff busk, puff verdingall, Is all that makes
her thus angelical. Marston.

BUSK
Busk, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Busked.] Etym: [OE. busken, fr. Icel.
b to make one's self ready, rexlexive of b to prepare, dwell. Cf. 8th
Bound.]

1. To prepare; to make ready; to array; to dress. [Scot. & Old Eng.]
Busk you, busk you, my bonny, bonny bride. Hamilton.

2. To go; to direct one's course. [Obs.]
Ye might have busked you to Huntly banks. Skelton.

BUSKED
Busked, a.

Defn: Wearing a busk. Pollok.

BUSKET
Bus"ket, n. Etym: [See Bosket, Bouquet.]

1. A small bush; also, a sprig or bouquet. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. A part of a garden devoted to shrubs. [R.]

BUSKIN
Bus"kin, n. Etym: [Prob. from OF. brossequin, or D. broosken. See
Brodekin.]

1. A strong, protecting covering for the foot, coming some distance
up the leg.
The hunted red deer's undressed hide Their hairy buskins well
supplied. Sir W. Scott.

2. A similar covering for the foot and leg, made with very thick
soles, to give an appearance of elevation to the stature; -- worn by
tragic actors in ancient Greece and Rome. Used as a symbol of
tragedy, or the tragic drama, as distinguished from comedy.
Great Fletcher never treads in buskins here, No greater Jonson dares
in socks appear. Dryden.

BUSKINED
Bus"kined, a.

1. Wearing buskins.
Her buskined virgins traced the dewy lawn. Pope.

2. Trodden by buskins; pertaining to tragedy. "The buskined stage."
Milton.

BUSKY
Bus"ky, a.

Defn: See Bosky, and 1st Bush, n. Shak.

BUSS
Buss, n. Etym: [OE. basse, fr. L. basium; cf. G. bus (Luther), Prov.
G. busserl, dim. of bus kiss, bussen to kiss, Sw. puss kiss, pussa to
kiss, W. & Gael. bus lip, mouth.]

Defn: A kiss; a rude or playful kiss; a smack. Shak.

BUSS
Buss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bussed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bussing.]

Defn: To kiss; esp. to kiss with a smack, or rudely. "Nor bussed the
milking maid." Tennyson.
Kissing and bussing differ both in this, We buss our wantons, but our
wives we kiss. Herrick.

BUSS
Buss, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. busse, Pr. bus, LL. bussa, busa, G. büse, D.
buis.] (Naut.)

Defn: A small strong vessel with two masts and two cabins; -- used in
the herring fishery.
The Dutch whalers and herring busses. Macaulay.

BUST
Bust, n. Etym: [F. buste, fr. It. busto; cf. LL. busta, bustula, box,
of the same origin as E. box a case; cf., for the change of meaning,
E. chest. See Bushel.]

1. A piece of sculpture representing the upper part of the human
figure, including the head, shoulders, and breast.
Ambition sighed: she found it vain to trust The faithless column, and
the crumbling bust. Pope.

2. The portion of the human figure included between the head and
waist, whether in statuary or in the person; the chest or thorax; the
upper part of the trunk of the body.

BUSTARD
Bus"tard, n. Etym: [OF. & Prov. F. bistarde, F. outarde, from L. avis
tarda, lit., slow bird. Plin. 10, 22; "proximæ iis sunt, quas
Hispania aves tardas appellat, Græcia (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the genus Otis.

Note: The great or bearded bustard (Otis tarda) is the largest game
bird in Europe. It inhabits the temperate regions of Europe and Asia,
and was formerly common in Great Britain. The little bustard (O.
tetrax) inhabits eastern Europe and Morocco. Many other species are
known in Asia and Africa.

BUSTER
Bus"ter, n.

Defn: Something huge; a roistering blade; also, a spree. [Slang,
U.S.] Bartlett.

BUSTLE
Bus"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bustled (p. pr. & vb.n. Bustling ( Etym:
[Cf. OE. buskle, perh. fr. AS. bysig busy, bysg-ian to busy + the
verbal termination -le; or Icel. bustla to splash, bustle.]

Defn: To move noisily; to be rudely active; to move in a way to cause
agitation or disturbance; as, to bustle through a crowd.
And leave the world for me to bustle in. Shak.

BUSTLE
Bus"tle, n.

Defn: Great stir; agitation; tumult from stirring or excitement.
A strange bustle and disturbance in the world. South.

BUSTLE
Bus"tle, n.

Defn: A kind of pad or cushion worn on the back below the waist, by
women, to give fullness to the skirts; -- called also bishop, and
tournure.

BUSTLER
Bus"tler, n.

Defn: An active, stirring person.

BUSTLING
Bus"tling, a.

Defn: Agitated; noisy; tumultuous; characterized by confused
activity; as, a bustling crowd. "A bustling wharf." Hawthorne.

BUSTO
Bus"to, n.; pl. Bustoes (/plu. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A bust; a statue.
With some antick bustoes in the niches. Ashmole.

BUSY
Bus"y, a. Etym: [OE. busi, bisi, AS. bysig; akin to D. bezig, LG.
besig; cf. Skr. bh to be active, busy.]

1. Engaged in some business; hard at work (either habitually or only
for the time being); occupied with serious affairs; not idle nor at
leisure; as, a busy merchant.
Sir, my mistress sends you word THat she is busy, and she can not
come. Shak.

2. Constantly at work; diligent; active.
Busy hammers closing rivets up. Shak.
Religious motives . . . are so busy in the heart. Addison.

3. Crowded with business or activities; -- said of places and times;
as, a busy street.
To-morrow is a busy day. Shak.

4. Officious; meddling; foolish active.
On meddling monkey, or on busy ape. Shak.

5. Careful; anxious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- Diligent; industrious; assiduous; active; occupied; engaged.

BUSY
Bus"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Busied; p. pr. & vb. n. Busying.] Etym:
[AS. bysgian.]

Defn: To make or keep busy; to employ; to engage or keep engaged; to
occupy; as, to busy one's self with books.
Be it thy course to busy giddy minds With foreign quarrels. Shak.

BUSYBODY
Bus"y*bod`y, n.; pl. Busybodies.

Defn: One who officiously concerns himself with the affairs of
others; a meddling person.
And not only idle, but tattlers also and busybodies, speaking things
which they ought not. 1 Tim. v. 13.

BUT
But, prep., adv. & conj. Etym: [OE. bute, buten, AS. b, without, on
the outside, except, besides; pref. be- + outward, without, fr. out.
Primarily, b, as well as , is an adverb. sq. root198. See By, Out;
cf. About.]

1. Except with; unless with; without. [Obs.]
So insolent that he could not go but either spurning equals or
trampling on his inferiors. Fuller.
Touch not the cat but a glove. Motto of the Mackintoshes.

2. Except; besides; save.
Who can it be, ye gods! but perjured Lycon E. Smith.

Note: In this sense, but is often used with other particles; as, but
for, without, had it not been for. "Uncreated but for love divine."
Young.

3. Excepting or excluding the fact that; save that; were it not that;
unless; -- elliptical, for but that.
And but my noble Moor is true of mind . . . it were enough to put him
to ill thinking. Shak.

4. Otherwise than that; that not; -- commonly, after a negative, with
that.
It cannot be but nature hath some director, of infinite power, to
guide her in all her ways. Hooker.
There is no question but the king of Spain will reform most of the
abuses. Addison.

5. Only; solely; merely.
Observe but how their own principles combat one another. Milton.
If they kill us, we shall but die. 2 Kings vii. 4.
A formidable man but to his friends. Dryden.

6. On the contrary; on the other hand; only; yet; still; however;
nevertheless; more; further; -- as connective of sentences or clauses
of a sentence, in a sense more or less exceptive or adversative; as,
the House of Representatives passed the bill, but the Senate
dissented; our wants are many, but quite of another kind.
Now abideth faith hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of
these is charity. 1 Cor. xiii. 13.
When pride cometh, then cometh shame; but with the lowly is wisdom.
Prov. xi. 2.
All but. See under All.
 -- But and if, but if; an attempt on the part of King James's
translators of the Bible to express the conjunctive and adversative
force of the Greek
But and if that servant say in his heart, My lord delayeth his
coming; . . . the lord of that servant will come in a day when he
looketh not for him. Luke xii. 45, 46.
But if, unless. [Obs.] Chaucer.
But this I read, that but if remedy Thou her afford, full shortly I
her dead shall see. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- But, However, Still. These conjunctions mark opposition in
passing from one thought or topic to another. But marks the
opposition with a medium degree of strength; as, this is not winter,
but it is almost as cold; he requested my assistance, but I shall not
aid him at present. However is weaker, and throws the opposition (as
it were) into the background; as, this is not winter; it is, however,
almost as cold; he required my assistance; at present, however, I
shall not afford him aid. The plan, however, is still under
consideration, and may yet be adopted. Still is stronger than but,
and marks the opposition more emphatically; as, your arguments are
weighty; still they do not convince me. See Except, However.

Note: "The chief error with but is to use it where and is enough; an
error springing from the tendency to use strong words without
sufficient occasio,." Bain.

BUT
But, n. Etym: [Cf. But, prep., adv. & conj.]

Defn: The outer apartment or kitchen of a two-roomed house; --
opposed to ben, the inner room. [Scot.]

BUT
But, n. Etym: [See 1st But.]

1. A limit; a boundary.

2. The end; esp. the larger or thicker end, or the blunt, in
distinction from the sharp, end. See 1st Butt. But end, the larger or
thicker end; as, the but end of a log; the but end of a musket. See
Butt, n.

BUT
But, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Butted; p. pr. & vb. n. Butting.]

Defn: See Butt, v., and Abut, v.

BUTANE
Bu"tane, n. Etym: [L. butyrum butter. See Butter.] (Chem.)

Defn: An inflammable gaseous hydrocarbon, C4H10, of the marsh gas, or
paraffin, series.

BUTCHER
Butch"er, n. Etym: [OE. bochere, bochier, OF. bochier, F. boucher,
orig., slaughterer of buck goats, fr. OF. boc, F. bouc, a buck goat;
of German or Celtic origin. See Buck the animal.]

1. One who slaughters animals, or dresses their flesh for market; one
whose occupation it is to kill animals for food.

2. A slaughterer; one who kills in large numbers, or with unusual
cruelty; one who causes needless loss of life, as in battle. "Butcher
of an innocent child." Shak. Butcher bird (Zoöl.), a species of
shrike of the genus Lanius.

Note: The Lanius excubitor is the common butcher bird of Europe. In
England, the bearded tit is sometimes called the lesser butcher bird.
The American species are L.borealis, or northernbutcher bird, and L.
Ludovicianus or loggerhead shrike. The name butcher birdis derived
from its habit of suspending its prey impaled upon thorns, after
killing it. Butcher's meat, such flesh of animals slaughtered for
food as is sold for that purpose by butchers, as beef, mutton, lamb,
and pork.

BUTCHER
Butch"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Butchered (; p. pr. & vb.n.
Butchering.]

1. To kill or slaughter (animals) for food, or for market; as, to
butcher hogs.

2. To murder, or kill, especially in an unusually bloody or barbarous
manner. Macaulay.
[Ithocles] was murdered, rather butchered. Ford.

BUTCHERING
Butch"er*ing, n.

1. The business of a butcher.

2. The act of slaughtering; the act of killing cruelly and
needlessly.
That dreadful butchering of one another. Addison.

BUTCHERLINESS
Butch"er*li*ness, n.

Defn: Butchery quality.

BUTCHERLY
Butch"er*ly, a.

Defn: Like a butcher; without compunction; savage; bloody; inhuman;
fell. "The victim of a butcherly murder." D. Webster.
What stratagems, how fell, how butcherly, This deadly quarrel daily
doth beget! Shak.

BUTCHER'S BROOM
Butch"er's broom`. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants (Ruscus); esp. R. aculeatus, which has large
red berries and leaflike branches. See Cladophyll.

BUTCHERY
Butch"er*y, n. Etym: [OE. bocherie shambles, fr. F. boucherie. See
Butcher, n.]

1. The business of a butcher. [Obs.]

2. Murder or manslaughter, esp. when committed with unusual
barbarity; great or cruel slaughter. Shak.
The perpetration of human butchery. Prescott.

3. A slaughterhouse; the shambles; a place where blood is shed.
[Obs.]
Like as an ox is hanged in the butchery. Fabyan.

Syn.
 -- Murder; slaughter; carnage. See Massacre.

BUTLER
But"ler, n. Etym: [OE. boteler, F. bouteillier a bottle-bearer, a
cupbearer, fr. LL. buticularius, fr. buticula bottle. See Bottle a
hollow vessel.]

Defn: An officer in a king's or a nobleman's household, whose
principal business it is to take charge of the liquors, plate, etc.;
the head servant in a large house.
The butler and the baker of the king of Egypt. Gen. xl. 5.
Your wine locked up, your butler strolled abroad. Pope.

BUTLERAGE
But"ler*age, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A duty of two shillings on every tun of wine imported into
England by merchant strangers; -- so called because paid to the
king's butler for the king. Blackstone.

BUTLERSHIP
But"ler*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a butler.

BUTMENT
But"ment, n. Etym: [Abbreviation of Abutment.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A buttress of an arch; the supporter, or that part which joins
it to the upright pier.

2. (Masonry)

Defn: The mass of stone or solid work at the end of a bridge, by
which the extreme arches are sustained, or by which the end of a
bridge without arches is supported. Butment cheek (Carp.), the part
of a mortised timber surrounding the mortise, and against which the
shoulders of the tenon bear. Knight.

BUTT; BUT
Butt, But, n. Etym: [F. but butt, aim (cf. butte knoll), or bout, OF.
bot, end, extremity, fr. boter, buter, to push, butt, strike, F.
bouter; of German origin; cf. OHG. bozan, akin to E. beat. See Beat,
v. t.]

1. A limit; a bound; a goal; the extreme bound; the end.
Here is my journey's end, here my butt And very sea mark of my utmost
sail. Shak.

Note: As applied to land, the word is nearly synonymous with mete,
and signifies properly the end line or boundary; the abuttal.

2. The thicker end of anything. See But.

3. A mark to be shot at; a target. Sir W. Scott.
The groom his fellow groom at butts defies, And bends his bow, and
levels with his eyes. Dryden.

4. A person at whom ridicule, jest, or contempt is directed; as, the
butt of the company.
I played a sentence or two at my butt, which I thought very smart.
Addison.

5. A push, thrust, or sudden blow, given by the head of an animal;
as, the butt of a ram.

6. A thrust in fencing.
To prove who gave the fairer butt, John shows the chalk on Robert's
coat. Prior.

7. A piece of land left unplowed at the end of a field.
The hay was growing upon headlands and butts in cornfields. Burrill.

8. (Mech.)
(a) A joint where the ends of two objects come squarely together
without scrafing or chamfering; -- also called butt joint.
(b) The end of a connecting rod or other like piece, to which the
boxing is attached by the strap, cotter, and gib.
(c) The portion of a half-coupling fastened to the end of a hose.

9. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: The joint where two planks in a strake meet.

10. (Carp.)

Defn: A kind of hinge used in hanging doors, etc.; -- so named
because fastened on the edge of the door, which butts against the
casing, instead of on its face, like the strap hinge; also called
butt hinge.

11. (Leather Trade)

Defn: The thickest and stoutest part of tanned oxhides, used for
soles of boots, harness, trunks.

12. The hut or shelter of the person who attends to the targets in
rifle practice. Butt chain (Saddlery), a short chain attached to the
end of a tug.
 -- Butt end. The thicker end of anything. See But end, under 2d But.
Amen; and make me die a good old man! That's the butt end of a
mother's blessing. Shak.
A butt's length, the ordinary distance from the place of shooting to
the butt, or mark.
 -- Butts and bounds (Conveyancing), abuttals and boundaries. In
lands of the ordinary rectangular shape, butts are the lines at the
ends (F. bouts), and bounds are those on the sides, or sidings, as
they were formerly termed. Burrill.
 -- Bead and butt. See under Bead.
 -- Butt and butt, joining end to end without overlapping, as planks.
 -- Butt weld (Mech.), a butt joint, made by welding together the
flat ends, or edges, of a piece of iron or steel, or of separate
pieces, without having them overlap. See Weld.
 -- Full butt, headfirst with full force. [Colloq.] "The corporal . .
. ran full butt at the lieutenant." Marryat.

BUTT
Butt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Butted; p. pr. & vb. n. Butting.] Etym:
[OE. butten, OF. boter to push, F. bouter. See Butt an end, and cf.
Boutade.]

1. To join at the butt, end, or outward extremity; to terminate; to
be bounded; to abut. [Written also but.]
And Barnsdale there doth butt on Don's well-watered ground. Drayton.

2. To thrust the head forward; to strike by thrusting the head
forward, as an ox or a ram. [See Butt, n.]
A snow-white steer before thine altar led, Butts with his threatening
brows. Dryden.

BUTT
Butt, v. t.

Defn: To strike by thrusting the head against; to strike with the
head.
Two harmless lambs are butting one the other. Sir H. Wotton.

BUTT
Butt, n. Etym: [F. botte, boute, LL. butta. Cf. Bottle a hollow
vessel.]

Defn: A large cask or vessel for wine or beer. It contains two
hogsheads.

Note: A wine butt contains 126 wine gallons (= 105 imperial gallons,
nearly); a beer butt 108 ale gallons (= about 110 imperial gallons).

BUTT
Butt, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common English flounder.

BUTTE
Butte, n. Etym: [F. See Butt a bound.]

Defn: A detached low mountain, or high rising abruptly from the
general level of the surrounding plain; -- applied to peculiar
elevations in the Rocky Mountain region.
The creek . . . passes by two remarkable buttes of red conglomerate.
Ruxton.

BUTTER
But"ter, n. Etym: [OE. botere, butter, AS. butere, fr. L. butyrum,
Gr. Cow.]

1. An oily, unctuous substance obtained from cream or milk by
churning.

2. Any substance resembling butter in degree of consistence, or other
qualities, especially, in old chemistry, the chloridess, as butter of
antimony, sesquichloride of antimony; also, certain concrete fat oils
remaining nearly solid at ordinary temperatures, as butter of cacao,
vegetable butter, shea butter. Butter and eggs (Bot.), a name given
to several plants having flowers of two shades of yellow, as
Narcissus incomparabilis, and in the United States to the toadflax
(Linaria vulgaris).
 -- Butter boat, a small vessel for holding melted butter at table.
 -- Butter flower, the buttercup, a yellow flower.
 -- Butter print, a piece of carved wood used to mark pats of butter;
-- called also butter stamp. Locke.
 -- Butter tooth, either of the two middle incisors of the upper jaw.
 -- Butter tree (Bot.), a tree of the genus Bassia, the seeds of
which yield a substance closely resembling butter. The butter tree of
India is the B. butyracea; that of Africa is the Shea tree (B.
Parkii). See Shea tree.
 -- Butter trier, a tool used in sampling butter.
 -- Butter wife, a woman who makes or sells butter; -- called also
butter woman. [Obs. or Archaic]

BUTTER
But"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buttered (p. pr. & vb. n. Buttering.]

1. To cover or spread with butter.
I know what's what. I know on which side My bread is buttered. Ford.

2. To increase, as stakes, at every throw or every game. [Cant]
Johnson.

BUTTER
Butt"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, butts.

BUTTERBALL
But"ter*ball`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The buffel duck.

BUTTERBIRD
But"ter*bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The rice bunting or bobolink; -- so called in the island of
Jamaica.

BUTTERBUMP
But"ter*bump`, n. Etym: [OE. buttur the bittern + 5th bump.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European bittern. Johnson.

BUTTERBUR
But"ter*bur`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A broad-leaved plant (Petasites vulgaris) of the Composite
family, said to have been used in England for wrapping up pats of
butter.

BUTTERCUP
But"ter*cup`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Ranunculus, or crowfoot, particularly R.
bulbosus, with bright yellow flowers; -- called also butterflower,
golden cup, and kingcup. It is the cuckoobud of Shakespeare.

BUTTER-FINGERED
But"ter-fin`gered, a.

Defn: Apt to let things fall, or to let them slip away; slippery;
careless.

BUTTERFISH
But"ter*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name given to several different fishes, in allusion to their
slippery coating of mucus, as the Stromateus triacanthus of the
Atlantic coast, the Epinephelus punctatus of the southern coast, the
rock eel, and the kelpfish of New Zealand.

BUTTERFLY
But"ter*fly`, n.; pl. Butterflies. Etym: [Perh. from the color of a
yellow species. AS. buter-flege, buttor-fleóge; cf. G. butterfliege,
D. botervlieg. See Butter, and Fly.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A general name for the numerous species of diurnal Lepidoptera.

Note: [See Illust. under Aphrodite.] Asclepias butterfly. See under
Asclepias.
 -- Butterfly fish (Zoöl.), the ocellated blenny (Blennius ocellaris)
of Europe. See Blenny. The term is also applied to the flying
gurnard.
 -- Butterfly shell (Zoöl.), a shell of the genus Voluta.
 -- Butterfly valve (Mech.), a kind of double clack valve, consisting
of two semicircular clappers or wings hinged to a cross rib in the
pump bucket. When open it somewhat resembles a butterfly in shape.

BUTTERINE
But"ter*ine, n.

Defn: A substance prepared from animal fat with some other
ingredients intermixed, as an imitation of butter.
The manufacturers ship large quantities of oleomargarine to England,
Holland, and other countries, to be manufactured into butter, which
is sold as butterine or suine. Johnson's Cyc.

BUTTERIS
But"ter*is, n. Etym: [The same word as buttress, noun, in a different
application, F. bouter to push.] (Far.)

Defn: A steel cutting instrument, with a long bent shank set in a
handle which rests against the shoulder of the operator. It is
operated by a thrust movement, and used in paring the hoofs of
horses.

BUTTERMAN
But"ter*man`, n.; pl. Buttermen (.

Defn: A man who makes or sells butter.

BUTTERMILK
But"ter*milk`, n.

Defn: The milk that remains after the butter is separated from the
cream.

BUTTERNUT
But"ter*nut`, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An American tree (Juglans cinerea) of the Walnut family, and
its edible fruit; -- so called from the oil contained in the latter.
Sometimes called oil nut and white walnut.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The nut of the Caryocar butyrosum and C. nuciferum, of S.
America; -- called also Souari nut.

BUTTER-SCOTCH
But"ter-scotch`, n.

Defn: A kind of candy, mainly composed of sugar and butter. [Colloq.]
Dickens.

BUTTERWEED
But"ter*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An annual composite plant of the Mississippi valley (Senecio
lobatus).

BUTTERWEIGHT
But"ter*weight`, n.

Defn: Over weight. Swift.

Note: Formerly it was a custom to give 18 ounces of butter for a
pound.

BUTTERWORT
But"ter*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of low herbs (Pinguicula) having simple leaves which
secrete from their glandular upper surface a viscid fluid, to which
insects adhere, after which the margin infolds and the insects are
digested by the plant. The species are found mostly in the North
Temperate zone.

BUTTERY
But"ter*y, a.

Defn: Having the qualities, consistence, or appearance, of butter.

BUTTERY
But"ter*y, n.; pl. Buttplwies (. Etym: [OE. botery, botry; cf. LL.
botaria wine vessel; also OE. botelerie, fr. F. bouteillerie, fr.
boutellie bottle. Not derived from butter. See Bottle a hollow
vessel, Butt a cask.]

1. An apartment in a house where butter, milk and other provisions
are kept.
All that need a cool and fresh temper, as cellars, pantries, and
butteries, to the north. Sir H. Wotton.

2. A room in some English colleges where liquors, fruit, and
refreshments are kept for sale to the students.
And the major Oxford kept the buttery bar. E. Hall.

3. A cellar in which butts of wine are kept. Weale. Buttery hatch, a
half door between the buttery or kitchen and the hall, in old
mansions, over which provisions were passed. Wright.

BUTT HINGE
Butt" hinge`.

Defn: See 1st Butt, 10.

BUT-THORN
But"-thorn`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common European starfish (Asterias rubens).

BUTTING
But"ting, n.

Defn: An abuttal; a boundary.
Without buttings or boundings on any side. Bp. Beveridge.

BUTTING JOINT
But"ting joint`.

Defn: A joint between two pieces of timber or wood, at the end of one
or both, and either at right angles or oblique to the grain, as the
joints which the struts and braces form with the truss posts; --
sometimes called abutting joint.

BUTT JOINT
Butt" joint`.

Defn: A joint in which the edges or ends of the pieces united come
squarely together instead of overlapping. See 1st Butt, 8.

BUTTOCK
But"tock, n. Etym: [From Butt an end.]

1. The part at the back of the hip, which, in man, forms one of the
rounded protuberances on which he sits; the rump.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The convexity of a ship behind, under the stern. Mar. Dict.

BUTTON
But"ton, n. Etym: [OE. boton, botoun, F. bouton button, bud, prop.
something pushing out, fr. bouter to push. See Butt an end.]

1. A knob; a small ball; a small, roundish mass.

2. A catch, of various forms and materials, used to fasten together
the different parts of dress, by being attached to one part, and
passing through a slit, called a buttonhole, in the other; -- used
also for ornament.

3. A bud; a germ of a plant. Shak.

4. A piece of wood or metal, usually flat and elongated, turning on a
nail or screw, to fasten something, as a door.

5. A globule of metal remaining onan assay cupel or in a crucible,
after fusion. Button hook, a hook for catching a button and drawing
it through a buttonhole, as in buttoning boots and gloves.
 -- Button shell (Zoöl.), a small, univalve marine shell of the genus
Rotella.
 -- Button snakeroot. (Bot.) (a) The American composite genus
Liatris, having rounded buttonlike heads of flowers. (b) An American
umbelliferous plant with rigid, narrow leaves, and flowers in dense
heads.
 -- Button tree (Bot.), a genus of trees (Conocarpus), furnishing
durable timber, mostly natives of the West Indies.
 -- To hold by the button, to detain in conversation to weariness; to
bore; to buttonhole.

BUTTON
But"ton, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buttoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Buttoning.]
Etym: [OE. botonen, OF. botoner, F. boutonner. See Button, n.]

1. To fasten with a button or buttons; to inclose or make secure with
buttons; -- often followed by up.
He was a tall, fat, long-bodied man, buttoned up to the throat in a
tight green coat. Dickens.

2. To dress or clothe. [Obs.] Shak.

BUTTON
But"ton, v. i.

Defn: To be fastened by a button or buttons; as, the coat will not
button.

BUTTONBALL
But"ton*ball`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Buttonwood.

BUTTONBUSH
But"ton*bush`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A shrub (Cephalanthus occidentalis) growing by the waterside; -
- so called from its globular head of flowers. See Capitulum.

BUTTONHOLE
But"ton*hole`, n.

Defn: The hole or loop in which a button is caught.

BUTTONHOLE
But"ton*hole`, v. t.

Defn: To hold at the button or buttonhole; to detain in conversation
to weariness; to bore; as, he buttonholed me a quarter of an hour.

BUTTONMOLD
But"ton*mold`, n.

Defn: A disk of bone, wood, or other material, which is made into a
button by covering it with cloth. [Written also buttonmould.] Fossil
buttonmolds, joints of encrinites. See Encrinite.

BUTTONS
But"tons, n.

Defn: A boy servant, or page, -- in allusion to the buttons on his
livry. [Colloq.] Dickens.

BUTTONWEED
But"ton*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several plants of the genera Spermacoce and Diodia,
of the Madder family.

BUTTONWOOD
But"ton*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The Platanus occidentalis, or American plane tree, a large
tree, producing rough balls, from which it is named; -- called also
buttonball tree, and, in some parts of the United States, sycamore.
The California buttonwood is P. racemosa.

BUTTONY
But"ton*y, a.

Defn: Ornamented with a large number of buttons. "The buttony boy."
Thackeray. "My coat so blue and buttony." W. S. Gilbert.

BUTTRESS
But"tress, n. Etym: [OE. butrasse, boterace, fr. F. bouter to push;
cf. OF. bouteret (nom. sing. and acc. pl. bouterez) buttress. See
Butt an end, and cf. Butteris.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A projecting mass of masonry, used for resisting the thrust of
an arch, or for ornament and symmetry.

Note: When an external projection is used merely to stiffen a wall,
it is a pier.

2. Anything which supports or strengthens. "The ground pillar and
buttress of the good old cause of nonconformity." South. Flying
buttress. See Flying buttress.

BUTTRESS
But"tress, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buttressed (p. pr. & vb. n.
Buttressing.]

Defn: To support with a buttress; to prop; to brace firmly.
To set it upright again, and to prop and buttress it up for duration.
Burke.

BUTT SHAFT
Butt" shaft`

Defn: An arrow without a barb, for shooting at butts; an arrow. [Also
but shaft.] Shak.

BUTT WELD
Butt" weld`.

Defn: See Butt weld, under Butt.

BUTTWELD
Butt"weld`, v. t.

Defn: To unite by a butt weld.

BUTTY
But"ty, n. (Mining)

Defn: One who mines by contract, at so much per ton of coal or ore.

BUTYL
Bu"tyl, n. Etym: [L. butyrum butter + -yl. See Butter.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound radical, regarded as butane, less one atom of
hydrogen.

BUTYLAMINE
Bu`tyl*am"ine, n.  [Butyric + -yl + amine.] (Org. Chem.)

Defn: A colorless liquid base, C4H9NH2, of which there are four
isomeric varieties.

BUTYLENE
Bu"ty*lene, n. Etym: [From Butyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of three metameric hydrocarbons, C4H8, of the ethylene
series. They are gaseous or easily liquefiable.

BUTYRACEOUS
Bu`ty*ra"ceous, a. Etym: [L. butyrum butter. See Butter.]

Defn: Having the qualities of butter; resembling butter.

BUTYRATE
Bu"ty*rate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of butyric acid.

BUTYRIC
Bu*tyr"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, butter. Butyric acid,
C3H7.CO2H, an acid found in butter; an oily, limpid fluid, having the
smell of rancid butter, and an acrid taste, with a sweetish
aftertaste, like that of ether. There are two metameric butyric
acids, called in distinction the normal- and iso-butyric acid. The
normal butyric acid is the one common in rancid butter.

BUTYRIN
Bu"ty*rin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A butyrate of glycerin; a fat contained in small quantity in
milk, which helps to give to butter its peculiar flavor.

BUTYROMETER
Bu`ty*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. butyrum butter + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for determining the amount of fatty matter or
butter contained in a sample of milk.

BUTYRONE
Bu"ty*rone, n. Etym: [Butyric + -one.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid ketone obtained by heating calcium butyrate.

BUTYROUS
Bu"ty*rous, a.

Defn: Butyraceous.

BUTYRYL
Bu"ty*ryl, n.  [Butyric + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The radical (C4H7O) of butyric acid.

BUXEOUS
Bux"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. buxeus, fr. buxus the box tree.]

Defn: Belonging to the box tree.

BUXINE
Bux"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid obtained from the Buxus sempervirens, or common box
tree. It is identical with bebeerine; -- called also buxina.

BUXOM
Bux"om, a. Etym: [OE. buxum, boxom, buhsum, pliable, obedient, AS.
bocsum, buhsum (akin to D. buigzaam blexible, G. biegsam); bugan to
bow, bend + -sum, E. -some. See Bow to bend, and -some.]

1. Yielding; pliable or compliant; ready to obey; obedient;
tractable; docile; meek; humble. [Obs.]
So wild a beast, so tame ytaught to be, And buxom to his bands, is
joy to see. Spenser.
I submit myself unto this holy church of Christ, to be ever buxom and
obedient to the ordinance of it. Foxe.

2. Having the characteristics of health, vigor, and comeliness,
combined with a gay, lively manner; stout and rosy; jolly;
frolicsome.
A daughter fair, So buxom, blithe, and debonair. Milton.
A parcel of buxom bonny dames, that were laughing, singing, dancing,
and as merry as the day was long. Tatler.
-- Bux"om*ly, adv.
 -- Bux"om*ness, n.

BUY
Buy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bought; p. pr. & vb. n. Buying.] Etym: [OE.
buggen, buggen, bien, AS. bycgan, akin to OS. buggean, Goth. bugjan.]

1. To acquire the ownership of (property) by giving an accepted price
or consideration therefor, or by agreeing to do so; to acquire by the
payment of a price or value; to purchase; -- opposed to sell.
Buy what thou hast no need of, and ere long thou wilt sell thy
necessaries. B. Franklin.

2. To acquire or procure by something given or done in exchange,
literally or figuratively; to get, at a cost or sacrifice; to buy
pleasure with pain.
Buy the truth and sell it not; also wisdom, and instruction, and
understanding. Prov. xxiii. 23.
To buy again. See Againbuy. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- To buy off. (a) To influence to compliance; to cause to bend or
yield by some consideration; as, to buy off conscience. (b) To detach
by a consideration given; as, to buy off one from a party.
 -- To buy out (a) To buy off, or detach from. Shak. (b) To purchase
the share or shares of in a stock, fund, or partnership, by which the
seller is separated from the company, and the purchaser takes his
place; as, A buys out B. (c) To purchase the entire stock in trade
and the good will of a business.
 -- To buy in, to purchase stock in any fund or partnership.
 -- To buy on credit, to purchase, on a promise, in fact or in law,
to make payment at a future day.
 -- To buy the refusal (of anything), to give a consideration for the
right of purchasing, at a fixed price, at a future time.

BUY
Buy, v. i.

Defn: To negotiate or treat about a purchase.
I will buy with you, sell with you. Shak.

BUYER
Buy"er, n.

Defn: One who buys; a purchaser.

BUZ
Buz, v. & n.

Defn: See Buzz. [Obs.]

BUZZ
Buzz, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Buzzed; p. pr. & vb. n. Buzzing.] Etym: [An
onomatopoeia.]

Defn: To make a low, continuous, humming or sibilant sound, like that
made by bees with their wings. Hence: To utter a murmuring sound; to
speak with a low, humming voice.
Like a wasp is buzzed, and stung him. Longfellow.
However these disturbers of our peace Buzz in the people's ears.
Shak.

BUZZ
Buzz, v. t.

1. To sound forth by buzzing. Shak.

2. To whisper; to communicate, as tales, in an under tone; to spread,
as report, by whispers, or secretly.
I will buzz abroad such prophecies That Edward shall be fearful of
his life. Shak.

3. To talk to incessantly or confidentially in a low humming voice.
[Colloq.]

4. (Phonetics)

Defn: To sound with a "buzz". H. Sweet.

BUZZ
Buzz, n.

1. A continuous, humming noise, as of bees; a confused murmur, as of
general conversation in low tones, or of a general expression of
surprise or approbation. "The constant buzz of a fly." Macaulay.

I found the whole room in a buzz of politics. Addison.
There is a buzz all around regarding the sermon. Thackeray.

2. A whisper; a report spread secretly or cautiously.
There's a certain buzz Of a stolen marriage. Massinger.

3. (Phonetics)

Defn: The audible friction of voice consonants. H. Sweet.

BUZZARD
Buz"zard, n.Etym: [O.E. busard, bosard, F. busard, fr. buse, L.
buteo, a kind of falcon or hawk.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of prey of the Hawk family, belonging to the genus Buteo
and related genera.

Note: The Buteo vulgaris is the common buzzard of Europe. The
American species (of which the most common are B. borealis, B.
Pennsylvanicus, and B. lineatus) are usually called hen hawks.
 -- The rough-legged buzzard, or bee hawk, of Europe (Pernis
apivorus) feeds on bees and their larvæ, with other insects, and
reptiles.
 -- The moor buzzard of Europe is Circus æruginosus. See Turkey
buzzard, and Carrion buzzard. Bald buzzard, the fishhawk or osprey.
See Fishhawk.

2. A blockhead; a dunce.
It is common, to a proverb, to call one who can not be taught, or who
continues obstinately ignorant, a buzzard. Goldsmith.

BUZZARD
Buz"zard, a.

Defn: Senseless; stupid. [R.& Obs.] Milton.

BUZZARDET
Buz"zard*et`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hawk resembling the buzzard, but with legs relatively longer.

BUZZER
Buzz"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, buzzes; a whisperer; a talebearer.
And wants not buzzers to infect his ear With pestilent speeches of
his father's death. Shak.

BUZZINGLY
Buzz"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a buzzing manner; with a buzzing sound.

BUZZSAW
Buzz"saw`

Defn: A circular saw; -- so called from the buzzing it makes when
running at full speed.

BY
By, prep. Etym: [OE. bi, AS. bi, big, near to, by, of, from, after,
according to; akin to OS.& OFries. bi, be, D. bij, OHG. bi, G. bie,
Goth. bi, and perh. Gr.. E. prefix be- is orig.the same word. pref.
Be-.]

1. In the neighborhood of; near or next to; not far from; close to;
along with; as, come and sit by me.
By foundation or by shady rivulet He sought them both. Milton.

2. On; along; in traversing. Compare 5.
Long labors both by sea and land he bore. Dryden.
By land, by water, they renew the charge. Pope.

3. Near to, while passing; hence, from one to the other side of;
past; as, to go by a church.

4. Used in specifying adjacent dimensions; as, a cabin twenty feet by
forty.

5. Against. [Obs.] Tyndale [1. Cor. iv. 4].

6. With, as means, way, process, etc.; through means of; with aid of;
through; through the act or agency of; as, a city is destroyed by
fire; profit is made by commerce; to take by force.

Note: To the meaning of by, as denoting means or agency, belong, more
or less closely, most of the following uses of the word: (a) It
points out the author and producer; as, "Waverley", a novel by Sir
W.Scott; a statue by Canova; a sonata by Beethoven. (b) In an oath or
adjuration, it indicates the being or thing appealed to as sanction;
as, I affirm to you by all that is sacred; he swears by his faith as
a Christian; no, by Heaven. (c) According to; by direction,
authority, or example of; after; -- in such phrases as, it appears by
his account; ten o'clock by my watch; to live by rule; a model to
build by. (d) At the rate of; according to the ratio or proportion
of; in the measure or quantity of; as, to sell cloth by the yard,
milk by the quart, eggs by the dozen, meat by the pound; to board by
the year. (e) In comparison, it denotes the measure of excess or
deficiency; when anything is increased or diminished, it indicates
the measure of increase or diminution; as, larger by a half; older by
five years; to lessen by a third. (f) It expresses continuance or
duration; during the course of; within the period of; as, by day, by
night. (g) As soon as; not later than; near or at; -- used in
expressions of time; as, by this time the sun had risen; he will be
here by two o'clock.

Note: In boxing the compass, by indicates a pint nearer to, or
towards, the next cardinal point; as, north by east, i.e., a point
towards the east from the north; northeast by east, i.e., on point
nearer the east than northeast is.

Note: With is used instead of by before the instrument with which
anything is done; as, to beat one with a stick; the board was
fastened by the carpenter with nails. But there are many words which
may be regarded as means or processes, or, figuratively, as
instruments; and whether with or by shall be used with them is a
matter of arbitrary, and often, of unsettled usage; as, to a reduce a
town by famine; to consume stubble with fire; he gained his purpose
by flattery; he entertained them with a story; he distressed us with
or by a recital of his sufferings. see With. By all means, most
assuredly; without fail; certainly.
 -- By and by. (a) Close together (of place). [Obs.] "Two yonge
knightes liggyng [lying] by and by." Chaucer. (b) Immediately; at
once. [Obs.] "When . . . persecution ariseth because of the word, by
and by he is offended." Matt. xiii. 21. (c) Presently; pretty soon;
before long.

Note: In this phrase, by seems to be used in the sense of nearness in
time, and to be repeated for the sake of emphasis, and thus to be
equivalent to "soon, and soon," that is instantly; hence, -- less
emphatically, -- pretty soon, presently.
 -- By one's self, with only one's self near; alone; solitary.- By
the bye. See under Bye.
 -- By the head (Naut.), having the bows lower than the stern; --
said of a vessel when her head is lower in the water than her stern.
If her stern is lower, she is by the stern.
 -- By the lee, the situation of a vessel, going free, when she has
fallen off so much as to bring the wind round her stern, and to take
her sails aback on the other side.
 -- By the run, to let go by the run, to let go altogether, instead
of slacking off.
 -- By the way, by the bye; -- used to introduce an incidental or
secondary remark or subject. -Day by day, One by one, Piece by piece,
etc., each day, each one, each piece, etc., by itself singly or
separately; each severally.
 -- To come by, to get possession of; to obtain.
 -- To do by, to treat, to behave toward.
 -- To set by, to value, to esteem.
 -- To stand by, to aid, to support.

Note: The common phrase good-by is equivalent to farewell, and would
be better written good-bye, as it is a corruption of God be with you
(b'w'ye).

BY
By, adv.

1. Near; in the neighborhood; present; as, there was no person by at
the time.

2. Passing near; going past; past; beyond; as, the procession has
gone by; a bird flew by.

3. Aside; as, to lay by; to put by.

BY
By, a.

Defn: Out of the common path; aside; -- used in composition, giving
the meaning of something aside, secondary, or incidental, or
collateral matter, a thing private or avoiding notice; as, by-line,
by-place, by-play, by-street. It was formerly more freely used in
composition than it is now; as, by-business, by-concernment, by-
design, by-interest, etc.

BYARD
By"ard, n.

Defn: A piece of leather crossing the breast, used by the men who
drag sledges in coal mines.

BY-BIDDER
By"-bid`der, n.

Defn: One who bids at an auction in behalf of the auctioneer or
owner, for the purpose of running up the price of articles. [U.S.]

BY-BLOW
By"-blow`, n.

1. A side or incidental blow; an accidental blow.
With their by-blows they did split the very stones in pieces. Bunyan.

2. An illegitimate child; a bastard.
The Aga speedily . . . brought her [his disgraced slave] to court,
together with her pretty by-blow, the present Padre Ottomano. Evelyn.

BY-CORNER
By"-cor`ner, n.

Defn: A private corner.
Britain being a by-corner, out of the road of the world. Fuller.

BY-DEPENDENCE
By"-de*pend`ence, n.

Defn: An appendage; that which depends on something else, or is
distinct from the main dependence; an accessory. Shak.

BY-DRINKING
By"-drink`ing, n.

Defn: A drinking between meals. [Obs.]

BYE
Bye, n.

1. A thing not directly aimed at; something which is a secondary
object of regard; an object by the way, etc.; as in on or upon the
bye, i.e., in passing; indirectly; by implication. [Obs. except in
the phrase by the bye.]
The Synod of Dort condemneth upon the bye even the discipline of the
Church of England. Fuller.

2. (Cricket)

Defn: A run made upon a missed ball; as, to steal a bye. T. Hughes.
By the bye, in passing; by way of digression; apropos to the matter
in hand. [Written also by the by.]

BYE
Bye n. Etym: [AS.bbygbyggia, b, to dwell sq. root97.]

1. A dwelling. Gibson.

2. In certain games, a station or place of an individual player.
Emerson.

BY-ELECTION
By"-e*lec"tion, n.

Defn: An election held by itself, not at the time of a general
election.

BY-END
By"-end`, n.

Defn: Private end or interest; secret purpose; selfish advantage.
[Written also bye-end.]
"Profit or some other by-end." L'Estrange.

BYGONE
By"gone`, a.

Defn: Past; gone by. "Bygone fooleries." Shak

BYGONE
By"gone`, n.

Defn: Something gone by or past; a past event. "Let old bygones be"
Tennyson. Let bygones be bygones, let the past be forgotten.

BY-INTEREST
By"-in`ter*est, n.

Defn: Self-interest; private advantage. Atterbury.

BYLAND
By"land, n.

Defn: A peninsula. [Obs.]

BYLANDER
By"land*er, n.

Defn: See Bilander.[Obs.]

BY-LANE
By"-lane`, n.

Defn: A private lane, or one opening out of the usual road.

BY-LAW
By"-law` (, n. Etym: [Cf.Sw.bylag, D.bylov, Icel.b, fr.Sw.& Dan. by
town, Icel. bær, byr (fr. bûa to dwell) + the word for law; hence, a
law for one town, a special law. Cf.Birlaw and see Law.]

1. A local or subordinate law; a private law or regulation made by a
corporation for its own government.
There was likewise a law to restrain the by-laws, or ordinances of
corporations. Bacon.
The law or institution; to which are added two by-laws, as a comment
upon the general law. Addison.

2. A law that is less important than a general law or constitutional
provision, and subsidiary to it; a rule relating to a matter of
detail; as, civic societies often adopt a constitution and by-laws
for the government of their members. In this sense the word has
probably been influenced by by, meaning secondary or aside.

BY-NAME
By"-name`, n.

Defn: A nickname. Camden.

BYNAME
By"name`, v. t.

Defn: To give a nickname to. Camden.

BY-PASS
By"-pass, n. (Mech.)

Defn: A by-passage, for a pipe, or other channel, to divert
circulation from the usual course.

BY-PASSAGE
By"-pas`sage, n.

Defn: A passage different from the usual one; a byway.

BY-PAST
By"-past, a.

Defn: Past; gone by. "By-past perils." Shak.

BYPATH
By"path`, n.; pl. Bypaths(

Defn: A private path; an obscure way; indirect means.
God known, my son, By what bypaths, and indirect crooked ways, I met
this crown. Shak.

BY-PLACE
By"-place` (, n.

Defn: A retired or private place.

BYPLAY
By"play, n.

Defn: Action carried on aside, and commonly in dumb show, while the
main action proceeds.

BY-PRODUCT
By"-prod`uct, n.

Defn: A secondary or additional product; something produced, as in
the course of a manufacture, in addition to the principal product.

BYRE
Byre, n. Etym: [Cf, Icel. bür pantry, Sw. bur cage,Dan. buur,
E.bower.]

Defn: A cow house. [N. of Eng.& Scot.]

BY-RESPECT
By"-re*spect`, n.

Defn: Private end or view; by-interest. [Obs.] Dryden.

BYROAD
By"road`, n.

Defn: A private or obscure road. "Through slippery byroads" Swift.

BYRONIC
By"ron`ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or in the style of, Lord Byron.
With despair and Byronic misanthropy. Thackeray

BY-ROOM
By"-room`, n.

Defn: A private room or apartment. "Stand in some by-room" Shak.

BYSMOTTERED
By"*smot`ter*ed, p.a. Etym: [See Besmut.]

Defn: Bespotted with mud or dirt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BY-SPEECH
By"-speech`(, n.

Defn: An incidental or casual speech, not directly relating to the
point. "To quote by-speeches." Hooker.

BY-SPELL
By"-spell`(, n. Etym: [AS. bigspell.]

Defn: A proverb. [Obs.]

BYSS
Byss, n.

Defn: See Byssus, n., 1.

BYSSACEOUS
Bys*sa"ceous, a. Etym: [From Byssus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Byssuslike; consisting of fine fibers or threads, as some very
delicate filamentous algæ.

BYSSIFEROUS
Bys*sif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Byssus + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing a byssus or tuft.

BYSSIN
Bys"sin, n.

Defn: See Byssus, n., 1.

BYSSINE
Bys"sine, a. Etym: [L. byssinus made of byssus, Gr.Byssus.]

Defn: Made of silk; having a silky or flaxlike appearance. Coles.

BYSSOID
Bys"soid, a. Etym: [Byssus + -oid.]

Defn: Byssaceous.

BYSSOLITE
Bys"so*lite, n. Etym: [Gr.-lite.] (Min.)

Defn: An olive-green fibrous variety of hornblende.

BYSSUS
Bys"sus, n.; pl. E. Byssuses(#); L. Byssi.(#) Etym: [L. byssus fine
flax, fine linen or cotton, Gr.

1. A cloth of exceedingly fine texture, used by the ancients. It is
disputed whether it was of cotton, linen, or silk. [Written also byss
and byssin.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tuft of long, tough filaments which are formed in a groove of
the foot, and issue from between the valves of certain bivalve
mollusks, as the Pinna and Mytilus, by which they attach themselves
to rocks, etc.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: An obsolete name for certain fungi composed of slender threads.

4. Asbestus.

BYSTANDER
By"stand`er, n. Etym: [By + stander, equiv. to stander-by; cf. AS.
big-standan to stand by or near.]

Defn: One who stands near; a spectator; one who has no concern with
the business transacting.
He addressed the bystanders and scattered pamphlets among them.
Palfrey.

Syn.
 -- Looker on; spectator; beholder; observer.

BY-STREET
By"-street`, n.

Defn: A separate, private, or obscure street; an out of the way or
cross street.
He seeks by-streets, and saves the expensive coach. Gay.

BY-STROKE
By"-stroke`, n.

Defn: An accidental or a slyly given stroke.

BY-TURNING
By"-turn`ing, n.

Defn: An obscure road; a way turning from the main road. Sir P.
Sidney.

BY-VIEW
By"-view`(, n.

Defn: A private or selfish view; self-interested aim or purpose.
No by-views of his own shall mislead him. Atterbury.

BY-WALK
By"-walk`(, n.

Defn: secluded or private walk.
He moves afterward in by-walks. Dryden.

BY-WASH
By"-wash`, n.

Defn: The outlet from a dam or reservoir; also, a cut to divert the
flow of water.

BYWAY
By"way`, n.

Defn: A secluded, private, or obscure way; a path or road aside from
the main one. " Take no byways." Herbert.

BY-WIPE
By"-wipe`, n.

Defn: A secret or side stroke, as of raillery or sarcasm. Milton.

BYWORD
By"word`, n. Etym: [AS.bïword; bï, E.by+word.]

1. A common saying; a proverb; a saying that has a general currency.
I knew a wise man that had it for a byword. Bacon.

2. The object of a contemptuous saying.
Thou makest us a byword among the heathen. Ps. xliv. 14

BYWORK
By"work, n.

Defn: Work aside from regular work; subordinate or secondary
business.

BYZANT; BYZANTINE
Byz"ant, Byz"an*tine n.Etym: [OE. besant, besaunt, F. besant, fr. LL.
Byzantius, Byzantinus, fr. Byzantium.] (Numis.)

Defn: A gold coin, so called from being coined at Byzantium. See
Bezant.

BYZANTIAN
By*zan"tian, a.& n.

Defn: See Byzantine.

BYZANTINE
By*zan"tine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Byzantium.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Byzantium, now Constantinople;
sometimes, applied to an inhabitant of the modern city of
Constantinople. [ Written also Bizantine.] Byzantine church, the
Eastern or Greek church, as distinguished from the Western or Roman
or Latin church.See under Greek.
 -- Byzantine empire, the Eastern Roman or Greek empire from A.D. 364
or A.D. 395 to the capture of Constantinople by the Turks, A.D. 1453.
 -- Byzantine historians, historians and writers (Zonaras, Procopius,
etc.) who lived in the Byzantine empire. P. Cyc. Byzantine style
(Arch.), a style of architecture developed in the Byzantine empire.

Note: Its leading forms are the round arch, the dome, the pillar, the
circle, and the cross. The capitals of the pillars are the endless
variety, and full of invention. The mosque of St. Sophia,
Constantinople, and the church of St. Mark, Venice, are prominent
examples of Byzantine architecture.

C

1. C is the third letter of the English alphabet. It is from the
Latin letter C, which in old Latin represented the sounds of k, and g
(in go); its original value being the latter. In Anglo-Saxon words,
or Old English before the Norman Conquest, it always has the sound of
k. The Latin C was the same letter as the Greek got it from the
Phoenicians. The English name of C is from the Latin name ce, and was
derived, probably, through the French. Etymologically C is related to
g, h, k, q, s (and other sibilant sounds). Examples of these
relations are in L. acutus, E. acute, ague; E. acrid, eagar; L.
cornu, E. horn; E. cat, kitten; E. coy, quiet; L. circare, OF.
cerchier, E. search.

Note: See Guide to Pronunciation, t\'c5 221-228.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: (a) The keynote of the normal or "natural" scale, which has
neither flats nor sharps in its signature; also, the third note of
the relative minor scale of the same (b) C after the clef is the mark
of common time, in which each measure is a semibreve (four fourths or
crotchets); for alla breve time it is written (c) The "C clef," a
modification of the letter C, placed on any line of the staff, abows
that line to be middle C.

3. As a numeral, C stands for Latin centum or 100, CC for 200, etc. C
spring, a spring in the form of the letter C.

CAABA
Ca*a"ba, n. Etym: [Ar. ka'ban, let, a square building, fr. ka'b cube]

Defn: The small and nearly cubical stone building, toward which all
Mohammedans must pray. [Written also kaaba.]

Note: The Caaba is situated in Mecca, a city of Arabia, and contains
a famous black stone said to have been brought from heaven. Before
the time of Mohammed, the Caaba was an idolatrous temple, but it has
since been the chief sanctuary and object of pilgrimage of the
Mohammedan world.

CAADA
Ca*ña"da, n. [Sp.]

Defn: A small cañon; a narrow valley or glen; also, but less
frequently, an open valley. [Local, Western U. S.]

CAAS
Caas, n. sing. & pl.

Defn: Case. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CAATINGA
Caa*tin"ga, n. [Tupi caa-tinga white forest.] (Phytogeography)

Defn: A forest composed of stunted trees and thorny bushes, found in
areas of small rainfall in Brazil.

CAB
Cab, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. cabriolet.]

1. A kind of close carriage with two or four wheels, usually a public
vehicle. "A cab came clattering up." Thackeray.

Note: A cab may have two seats at right to the driver's seat, and a
door behind; or one seat parallel to the driver's, with the entrance
from the side or front. Hansom cab. See Hansom.

2. The covered part of a locomotive, in which the engineer has his
station. Knight.

CAB
Cab, n. Etym: [Heb. gab, fr. qabab to hollow.]

Defn: A Hebrew dry measure, containing a little over two (2.37)
pints. W. H. Ward. 2 Kings vi. 25.

CABAL
Ca*bal", n. Etym: [F. cabale cabal, cabala LL. cabala cabala, fr.
Heb. qabbaleh reception, tradition, mysterious doctrine, fr. qabal to
take or receive, in Piël qibbel to abopt (a doctrine).]

1. Tradition; occult doctrine. See Cabala [Obs.] Hakewill.

2. A secret. [Obs.] "The measuring of the temple, a cabal found out
but lately." B. Jonson.

3. A number of persons united in some close design, usually to
promote their private views and interests in church or state by
intrigue; a secret association composed of a few designing persons; a
junto.

Note: It so happend, by a whimsical coincidence, that in 1671 the
cabinet consisted of five persons, the initial letters of whose names
made up the word cabal; Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley, and
Lauderdale. Macaulay.

4. The secret artifices or machinations of a few persons united in a
close design; in intrigue.
By cursed cabals of women. Dryden.
Syn. - Junto; intrigue; plot; combination; conspiracy.
 -- Cabal, Combination, Faction. An association for some purpose
considered to be bad is the idea common to these terms. A combination
is an organized union of individuals for mutual support, in urging
their demands or resisting the claims of others, and may be good or
bad according to circumstances; as, a combiniation of workmen or of
employers to effect or to prevent a chang in prices. A cabal is a
secret association of a few individuals who seek by cunning practices
to obtain office and power. A faction is a larger body than a cabal,
employed for selfish purposes in agitating the community and working
up an excitement with a view to change the existing order of things.
"Selfishness, insubordination, and laxity of morals give rise to
combinations, which belong particularly to the lower orders of
society. Restless, jealous, ambitious, and little minds are ever
forming cabals. Factions belong especially to free governments, and
are raised by busy and turbulent spirits for selfish porposes".
Crabb.

CABAL
Ca*bal", v. i. [int. & p. p. Caballed; p. pr. & vb. n. Caballing].
Etym: [Cf. F. cabaler.]

Defn: To unite in a small party to promote private views and
interests by intrigue; to intrigue; to plot.
Caballing still against it with the great. Dryden.

CABALA
Cab"a*la, n. Etym: [LL. See Cabal, n.]

1. A kind of occult theosophy or traditional interpretation of the
Scriptures among Jewish rabbis and certain mediæval Christians, which
treats of the nature of god and the mystery of human existence. It
assumed that every letter, word, number, and accent of Scripture
contains a hidden sense; and it teaches the methods of interpretation
for ascertaining these occult meanings. The cabalists pretend even to
foretell events by this means.

2. Secret science in general; mystic art; mystery.

CABALISM
Cab"a*lism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cabalisme.]

1. The secret science of the cabalists.

2. A superstitious devotion to the mysteries of the religion which
one professes. [R] Emerson.

CABALIST
Cab"a*list, n. Etym: [Cf.F. cabaliste.]

Defn: One versed in the cabala, or the mysteries of Jewish
traditions. "Studious cabalists." Swift.

CABALISTIC; CABALISTICAL
Cab`a*lis"tic, Cab`a*lis"tic*al a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the cabala; containing or conveying an
occult meaning; mystic.
The Heptarchus is a cabalistic of the first chapter of Genesis.
Hallam.

CABALISTICALLY
Cab`a*lis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a cabalistic manner.

CABALIZE
Cab"a*lize, v. i. Etym: [Cf.F. cabaliser.]

Defn: To use cabalistic language. [R] Dr. H. More.

CABALLER
Ca*bal"ler, n.

Defn: One who cabals.
A close caballer and tongue-valiant lord. Dryden.

CABALLERIA
Ca`bal*le*ri"a, n. [Sp. See Caballero.]

Defn: An ancient Spanish land tenure similar to the English knight's
fee; hence, in Spain and countries settled by the Spanish, a land
measure of varying size. In Cuba it is about 33 acres; in Porto Rico,
about 194 acres; in the Southwestern United States, about 108 acres.

CABALLERO
Ca`bal*le"ro, n. [Sp. Cf. Cavalier.]

Defn: A knight or cavalier; hence, a gentleman.

CABALLINE
Cab"al*line, a. Etym: [L.caballinus, fr. caballus a nag. Cf.
Cavalier.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a horse.
 -- n.

Defn: Caballine aloes. Caballine aloes, an inferior and impure kind
of aloes formerly used in veterinary practice; -- called also horse
aloes.
 -- Caballine spring, the fountain of Hippocrene, on Mount Helicon; -
- fabled to have been formed by a stroke from the foot of the winged
horse Pegasus.

CABALLO
Ca*bal"lo (ka*väl"yo; 220), n. [Written also cavallo.] [Sp., fr. L.
caballus a nag. See Cavalcade.]

Defn: A horse. [Sp. Amer.]

CABARET
Cab"a*ret, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A tavern; a house where liquors are retailed. [Obs. as an
English word.]

CABAS
Ca*bas", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A flat basket or frail for figs, etc.; Hence, a lady's flat
workbasket, reticule, or hand bag; -- often written caba. C. Bronté.

CABASSOU
Ca*bas"sou, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A speciec of armadillo of the genus Xenurus (X. unicinctus and
X. hispidus); the tatouay. [Written also Kabassou.]

CABBAGE
Cab"bage, n. Etym: [OE. cabage, fr. F. cabus headed (of cabbages),
chou cobus headed cabbage, cabbage head; cf. It. capuccio a little
head, cappuccio cowl, hood, cabbage, fr. capo head, L. caput, or fr.
It. cappa cape. See Chiff, Cape.] (Bot.)

1. An esculent vegetable of many varieties, derived from the wild
Brassica oleracea of Europe. The common cabbage has a compact head of
leaves. The cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, etc., are sometimes
classed as cabbages.

2. The terminal bud of certain palm trees, used, like, cabbage, for
food. See Cabbage tree, below.

3. The cabbage palmetto. See below. Cabbage aphis (Zoöl.), a green
plant-louse (Aphis brassicæ) which lives upon the leaves of the
cabbage.
 -- Cabbage Beetle (Zoöl.), a small, striped flea-beetle (Phyllotreta
vittata) which lives, in the larval state, on the roots, and when
adult, on the leaves, of cabbage and other cruciferous plants.
 -- Cabbage butterfly (Zoöl.), a white butterfly (Pieris rapæ of both
Europe and America, and the Allied P. oleracea, a native American
species) which, in the larval state, devours the leaves of the
cabbage and the turnip. See Cabbage worm, below.
 -- Cabbage Fly (Zoöl.), a small two-winged fly (Anthomyia brassicæ),
which feeds, in the larval or maggot state, on the roots of the
cabbage, often doing much damage to the crop.
 -- Cabbage head, the compact head formed by the leaves of a cabbage;
-- contemptuously or humorously, and colloquially, a very stupid and
silly person; a numskull.
 -- Cabbage palmetto, a species of palm tree (Sabal Palmetto) found
along the coast from North Carolina to Florida.
 -- Cabbage rose (Bot.), a species of rose (Rosa centifolia) having
large and heavy blossoms.
 -- Cabbage tree, Cabbage palm, a name given to palms having a
terminal bud called a cabbage, as the Sabal Palmetto of the United
States, and the Euterpe oleracea and Oreodoxa oleracea of the West
Indies.
 -- Cabbage worm (Zoöl.), the larva of several species of moths and
butterfies, which attacks cabbages. The most common is usully the
larva of a white butterfly. See Cabbage Butterfly, above. The cabbage
cutworms, which eat off the stalks or young plants during the night,
are the larvæ of several species of moths, of the genus Agrotis. See
Cutworm.
 -- Sea cabbage.(Bot.) (a) Sea kale (b). The original Plant (Brassica
oleracea), from which the cabbage, cauliflower, , broccoli, etc.,
have been derived by cultivation.
 -- Thousand-headed cabbage. See Brussels sprouts.

CABBAGE
Cab"bage, v. i.

Defn: To form a head like that the cabbage; as, to make lettuce
cabbage. Johnson.

CABBAGE
Cab"bage, v. i. [imp. & p.p Cabbaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Cabbaging (.]
Etym: [F.cabasser, fr. OF. cabas theft; cf. F. cabas basket, and OF.
cabuser to cheat.]

Defn: To purloin or embezzle, as the pieces of cloth remaining after
cutting out a garment; to pilfer.
Your tailor . . . cabbages whole yards of cloth. Arbuthnot.

CABBAGE
Cab"bage, n.

Defn: Cloth or clippings cabbaged or purloined by one who cuts out
garments.

CABBLER
Cab"bler, n.

Defn: One who works at cabbling.

CABBLING
Cab"bling, n. (Metal)

Defn: The process of breaking up the flat masses into which wrought
iron is first hammered, in order that the pieces may be reheated and
wrought into bar iron.

CABECA; CABESSE
Ca*be"ça, Ca*besse", n. Etym: [Pg. cabeça, F. cabesse.]

Defn: The finest kind of silk received from India.

CABER
Ca"ber, n. Etym: [Gael]

Defn: A pole or beam used in Scottish games for tossing as a trial of
strength.

CABEZON
Cab`e*zon", n. Etym: [Sp., properly, big head. Cf. Cavesson.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A California fish (Hemilepidotus spinosus), allied to the
sculpin.

CABIAI
Cab"i*ai, n. Etym: [Native South American name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The capybara. See Capybara.

CABIN
Cab"in, n. Etym: [OF. caban, fr. W. caban booth, cabin, dim. of cab
cot, tent; or fr. F. cabane, cabine, LL. cabanna, perh. from the
Celtic.]

1. A cottage or small house; a hut. Swift.
A hunting cabin in the west. E. Everett.

2. A small room; an inclosed place.
So long in secret cabin there he held Her captive. Spenser.

3. A room in ship for officers or passengers. Cabin boy, a boy whose
duty is wait on the officers and passengers in the cabin of a ship.

CABIN
Cab"in v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cabined (-nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Cabining.]

Defn: To live in, or as in, a cabin; to lodge.
I'll make you . . . cabin in a cave. Shak.

CABIN
Cab"in, v. t.

Defn: To confine in, or as in, a cabin.
I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in To saucy doubts and fears.
Shak.

CABINET
Cab"i*net, n. Etym: [F., dim. of cabine or cabane. See Cabin, n.]

1. A hut; a cottage; a small house. [Obs.]
Hearken a while from thy green cabinet, The rural song of careful
Colinet. Spenser.

2. A small room, or retired apartment; a closet.

3. A private room in which consultations are held.
Philip passed some hours every day in his father's cabinet. Prescott.

4. The advisory council of the chief executive officer of a nation; a
cabinet council.

Note: In England, the cabinet or cabinet council consists of those
privy coucilors who actually transact the immediate business of the
government. Mozley & W.
 -- In the United States, the cabinet is composed of the heads of the
executive departments of the government, namely, the Secretary of
State, of the Treasury, of War, of the Navy, of the Interior, and of
Agiculture, the Postmaster-general ,and the Attorney-general.

5.
(a) A set of drawers or a cupboard intended to contain articles of
value. Hence:
(b) A decorative piece of furniture, whether open like an étagère or
closed with doors. See Etagere.

6. Any building or room set apart for the safe keeping and exhibition
of works of art, etc.; also, the collection itself. Cabinet council.
(a) Same as Cabinet, n., 4 (of which body it was formerly the full
title). (b) A meeting of the cabinet.
 -- Cabinet councilor, a member of a cabinet council.
 -- Cabinet photograph, a photograph of a size smaller than an
imperial, though larger than a carte de visite.
 -- Cabinet picture, a small and generally highly finished picture,
suitable for a small room and for close inspection.

CABINET
Cab"i*net, a.

Defn: Suitable for a cabinet; small.
He [Varnhagen von Ense] is a walking cabinet edition of Goethe. For.
Quar. Rev.

CABINET
Cab"i*net, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cabineted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cabineting.]

Defn: To inclose [R.] Hewyt.

CABINETMAKER
Cab"i*net*mak`er, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to make cabinets or other choice
articles of household furniture, as tables, bedsteads, bureaus, etc.

CABINETMAKING
Cab"i*net*mak`ing, n.

Defn: The art or occupation of making the finer articles of household
furniture.

CABINETWORK
Cab"i*net*work`, n.

Defn: The art or occupation of working upon wooden furniture
requiring nice workmanship; also, such furniture.

CABIREAN
Cab`i*re"an

Defn: ,n.One of the Cabiri.

CABIRI
Ca*bi"ri, n. pl. Etym: [ NL., fr. Gr. Ka`beiroi.] (Myth.)

Defn: Certain deities originally worshiped with mystical rites by the
Pelasgians in Lemnos and Samothrace and afterwards throughout Greece;
-- also called sons of Hephæstus (or Vulcan), as being masters of the
art of working metals. [Written also Cabeiri.] Liddell & Scott.

CABIRIAN
Ca*bir"i*an, a.

Defn: Same as Cabiric.

CABIRIC
Ca*bir"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. Cabirique]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Cabiri, or to their mystical worship.
[Written also Cabiritic.]

CABLE
Ca"ble, n. Etym: [F. Câble,m LL. capulum, caplum, a rope, fr. L.
capere to take; cf. D., Dan., & G. rabel, from the French. See
Capable.]

1. A large, strong rope or chain, of considerable length, used to
retain a vessel at anchor, and for other purposes. It is made of
hemp, of steel wire, or of iron links.

2. A rope of steel wire, or copper wire, usually covered with some
protecting, or insulating substance; as, the cable of a suspension
bridge; a telegraphic cable.

3. (Arch)

Defn: A molding, shaft of a column, or any other member of convex,
rounded section, made to resemble the spiral twist of a rope; --
called also cable molding. Bower cable, the cable belonging to the
bower anchor.
 -- Cable road, a railway on which the cars are moved by a
continuously running endless rope operated by a stationary motor.
 -- Cable's length, the length of a ship's cable. Cables in the
merchant service vary in length from 100 to 140 fathoms or more; but
as a maritime measure, a cable's length is either 120 fathoms (720
feet), or about 100 fathoms (600 feet, an approximation to one tenth
of a nautical mile).
 -- Cable tier. (a) That part of a vessel where the cables are
stowed. (b) A coil of a cable.
 -- Sheet cable, the cable belonging to the sheet anchor.
 -- Stream cable, a hawser or rope, smaller than the bower cables, to
moor a ship in a place sheltered from wind and heavy seas.
 -- Submarine cable. See Telegraph.
 -- To pay out the cable, To veer out the cable, to slacken it, that
it may run out of the ship; to let more cable run out of the hawse
hole.
 -- To serve the cable, to bind it round with ropes, canvas, etc., to
prevent its being, worn or galled in the hawse, et.
 -- To slip the cable, to let go the end on board and let it all run
out and go overboard, as when there is not time to weigh anchor.
Hence, in sailor's use, to die.

CABLE
Ca"ble, v. t.

1. To fasten with a cable.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: To ornament with cabling. See Cabling.

CABLE
Ca"ble, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Cabled (-b'ld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cabling (-blòng).]

Defn: To telegraph by a submarine cable [Recent]

CABLED
Ca"bled, a.

1. Fastened with, or attached to, a cable or rope. "The cabled
stone." Dyer.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Adorned with cabling.

CABLEGRAM
Ca"ble*gram`, n. Etym: [Cable, n. + Gr.

Defn: A message sent by a submarine telegraphic cable.

Note: [A recent hybrid, sometimes found in the newspapers.]

CABLELAID
Ca"ble*laid`, a.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: Composed of three three-stranded ropes, or hawsers, twisted
together to form a cable.

2. Twisted after the manner of a cable; as, a cable-laid gold chain.
Simmonds.

CABLET
Ca"blet, n. Etym: [Dim. of cable; cf. F. câblot.]

Defn: A little cable less than ten inches in circumference.

CABLING
Ca"bling, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The decoration of a fluted shaft of a column or of a pilaster
with reeds, or rounded moldings, which seem to be laid in the hollows
of the fluting. These are limited in length to about one third of the
height of the shaft.

CABMAN
Cab"man, n.; pl. Cabmen (.

Defn: The driver of a cab.

CABOB
Ca*bob", n. Etym: [Hindi kabab]

1. A small piece of mutton or other meat roasted on a skewer; -- so
called in Turkey and Persia.

2. A leg of mutton roasted, stuffed with white herrings and sweet
herbs. Wright.

CABOB
Ca*bob", v. t.

Defn: To roast, as a cabob. Sir. T. Herbert.

CABOCHED
Ca*boched", a. Etym: [F. caboche head. Cf. lst Cabbage.] (Her.)

Defn: Showing the full face, but nothing of the neck; -- said of the
head of a beast in armorial bearing. [Written also caboshed.]

CABOCHON
Ca`bo`chon" (ka`bo`shôN"), n. [F.] (Jewelry)

Defn: A stone of convex form, highly polished, but not faceted; also,
the style of cutting itself. Such stones are said to be cut en
cabochon.

CABOODLE
Ca*boo"dle, n.

Defn: The whole collection; the entire quantity or number; -- usually
in the phrase the whole caboodle. [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.

CABOOSE
Ca*boose", n. Etym: [Cf. D. kabuis, kombuis, Dan. kabys, Sw. kabysa,
G. kabuse a little room or hut. The First part of the word seems to
be allied to W. cab cabin, booth. Cf. Cabin.] [Written also
camboose.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A house on deck, where the cooking is done; -- commonly called
the galley.

2. (Railroad)

Defn: A car used on freight or construction trains for brakemen,
workmen, etc.; a tool car. [U. S.]

CABOTAGE
Cab"o*tage, n. Etym: [F. cabotage, fr. caboter to sail along the
coast; cf. Sp. cabo cape.] (Naut.)

Defn: Navigation along the coast; the details of coast pilotage.

CABREE
Ca*brée", n. Etym: [French Canadian.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pronghorn antelope. [Also written cabrit, cabret.]

CABRERITE
Ca*brer"ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: An apple-green mineral, a hydrous arseniate of nickel, cobalt,
and magnesia; -- so named from the Sierra Cabrera, Spain.

CABRILLA
Ca*bril"la, n. Etym: [Sp., prawn.] (Zoöl)

Defn: A name applied to various species of edible fishes of the genus
Serranus, and related genera, inhabiting the Meditarranean, the coast
of California, etc. In California, some of them are also called rock
bass and kelp salmon.

CABRIOLE
Cab"ri*ole, n. Etym: [F. See Cabriolet, and cf. Capriole.] (Man.)

Defn: A curvet; a leap. See Capriole.
The cabrioles which his charger exhibited. Sir W. Scott.

CABRIOLET
Cab`ri*o*let", n.Etym: [F., dim. of cabriole a leap, caper, from It.
capriola, fr. dim. of L. caper he-goat, capra she-goat. This carriage
is so called from its skipping lightness. Cf. Cab, Caper a leap.]

Defn: A one-horse carriage with two seats and a calash top.

CABRIT
Ca*brit", n.

Defn: Same as Cabrée.

CABURN
Cab"urn, n. Etym: [Cf. Cable, n.] (Naut.)

Defn: A small line made of spun yarn, to bind or worm cables, seize
tackles, etc.

CACAEMIA; CACHAEMIA
Ca*cæ"mi*a, Ca*chæ"mi*a n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A degenerated or poisoned condition of the blood.

CACAINE
Ca*ca"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The essential principle of cacao; -- now called theobromine.

CACAJAO
Ca*ca*jão", n. Etym: [Pg.] (Zoöl)

Defn: A South American short-tailed monkey (Pithecia (or Brachyurus)
melanocephala). [Written also cacajo.]

CACAO
Ca*ca"o, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. Mex. kakahuatl. Cf. Cocoa, Chocolate]
(Bot.)

Defn: A small evergreen tree (Theobroma Cacao) of South America and
the West Indies. Its fruit contains an edible pulp, inclosing seeds
about the size of an almond, from which cocoa, chocolate, and broma
are prepared.

CACHAEMIA; CACHEMIA
Ca*chæ"mi*a, Ca*che"mi*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  bad +  blood.] (Med.)

Defn: A degenerated or poisoned condition of the blood. --Ca*chæ"mic,
Ca*che"mic (#), a.

CACHALOT
Cach"a*lot, n. Etym: [F. cachalot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus). It has in the top of
its head a large cavity, containing an oily fluid, which, after
death, concretes into a whitish crystalline substance called
spermaceti. See Sperm whale.

CACHE
Cache, n. Etym: [F., a hiding place, fr. cacher to conceal, to hide.]

Defn: A hole in the ground, or hiding place, for concealing and
preserving provisions which it is inconvenient to carry. Kane.

CACHECTIC; CACHECTICAL
Ca*chec"tic, Ca*chec"tic*al, a. Etym: [L. cachecticus, Gr.
cachectique.]

Defn: Having, or pertaining to, cachexia; as, cachectic remedies;
cachectical blood. Arbuthnot.

CACHEPOT
Cache`pot" (kash`po"), n. Etym: [F., fr. cacher to hide + pot a pot.]

Defn: An ornamental casing for a flowerpot, of porcelain, metal,
paper, etc.

CACHET
Cach"et, n. Etym: [F. fr. cacher to hide.]

Defn: A seal, as of a letter. Lettre de cachet Etym: [F.], a sealed
letter, especially a letter or missive emanating from the sovereign;
-- much used in France before the Revolution as an arbitrary order of
imprisonment.

CACHEXIA; CACHEXY
Ca*chex"i*a, Ca*chex"y, n. Etym: [L. cachexia, Gr.

Defn: A condition of ill health and impairment of nutrition due to
impoverishment of the blood, esp. when caused by a specific morbid
process (as cancer or tubercle).

CACHINNATION
Cach`in*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. cachinnatio, fr. cachinnare to laugh
aloud, cf Gr.

Defn: Loud or immoderate laughter; -- often a symptom of hysterical
or maniacal affections.
Hideous grimaces . . . attended this unusual cachinnation. Sir W.
Scott.

CACHINNATORY
Ca*chin"na*to*ry, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or accompanied by, immoderate laughter.
Cachinnatory buzzes of approval. Carlyle.

CACHIRI
Ca*chi"ri, n.

Defn: A fermented liquor made in Cayenne from the grated root of the
manioc, and resembling perry. Dunglison.

CACHOLONG
Cach"o*long, n, Etym: [F. cacholong, said to be from Cach, the name
of a river in Bucharia + cholon, a Calmuck word for stone; or fr. a
Calmuck word meaning "beautiful stone"] (Min.)

Defn: An opaque or milk-white chalcedony, a variety of quartz; also,
a similar variety of opal.

CACHOU
Ca`chou", n. Etym: [F. See Cashoo.]

Defn: A silvered aromatic pill, used to correct the odor of the
breath.

CACHUCHA
Ca*chu"cha, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: An Andalusian dance in three-four time, resembing the bolero.
[Sometimes in English spelled cachuca (.]
The orchestra plays the cachucha. Logfellow.

CACHUNDE
Ca*chun"de, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Med.)

Defn: A pastil or troche, composed of various aromatic and other
ingredients, highly celebrated in India as an antidote, and as a
stomachic and antispasmodic.

CACIQUE
Ca*cique", n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: See Cazique.

CACK
Cack, v. i. Etym: [OE. cakken, fr. L. cacare; akin to Gr. cac.]

Defn: To ease the body by stool; to go to stool. Pope.

CACKEREL
Cack"er*el, n. Etym: [OF. caquerel cagarel (Cotgr.), from the root of
E. cack.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The mendole; a small worthless Mediterranean fish considered
poisonous by the ancients. See Mendole.

CACKLE
Cac"kle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cackled (-k'ld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cackling.] Etym: [OE. cakelen; cf. LG. kakeln, D. kakelen, G.
gackeln, gackern; all of imitative origin. Cf. Gagle, Cake to
cackle.]

1. To make a sharp, broken noise or cry, as a hen or goose does.
When every goose is cackling. Shak.

2. To laugh with a broken noise, like the cackling of a hen or a
goose; to giggle. Arbuthnot.

3. To talk in a silly manner; to prattle. Johnson.

CACKLE
Cac"kle, n.

1. The sharp broken noise made by a goose or by a hen that has laid
an egg.
By her cackle saved the state. Dryden.

2. Idle talk; silly prattle.
There is a buzz and cackle all around regarding the sermon.
Thackeray.

CACKLER
Cac"kler, n.

1. A fowl that cackles.

2. One who prattles, or tells tales; a tattler.

CACKLING
Cac"kling, n.

Defn: The broken noise of a goose or a hen.

CACOCHYMIA; CACOCHYMY
Cac`o*chym"i*a, Cac"o*chym`y, n. Etym: [NL. cacochymia, fr. Gr.
cacochymie.] (Med.)

Defn: A vitiated state of the humors, or fluids, of the body,
especially of the blood. Dunglison.

CACOCHYMIC; CACOCHYMICAL
Cac`o*chym"ic, Cac`o*chym"ic*al, a.

Defn: Having the fluids of the body vitiated, especially the blood.
Wiseman.

CACODEMON
Cac`o*de"mon, n. Etym: [Gr. cacodémon.]

1. An evil spirit; a devil or demon. Shak.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The nightmare. Dunaglison.

CACODOXICAL
Cac`o*dox"ic*al, a.

Defn: Heretical.

CACODOXY
Cac"o*dox`y, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Erroneous doctrine; heresy; heterodoxy. [R.]
Heterodoxy, or what Luther calls cacodoxy. R. Turnbull.

CACODYL
Cac"o*dyl, n. Etym: [Gr. -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Alkarsin; a colorless, poisonous, arsenical liquid, As2(CH3)4,
spontaneously inflammable and possessing an intensely disagreeable
odor. It is the type of a series of compounds analogous to the
nitrogen compounds called hydrazines. [Written also cacodyle, and
kakodyl.]

CACODYLIC
Cac`o*dyl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, cacodyl. Cacodylic acid, a
white, crystalline, deliquescent substance, (CH3)2AsO.OH, obtained by
the oxidation of cacodyl, and having the properties of an exceedingly
stable acid; -- also called alkargen.

CACOETHES
Cac`o*ë"thes, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. A bad custom or habit; an insatiable desire; as, cacoëthes
scribendi, "The itch for writing". Addison.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A bad quality or disposition in a disease; an incurable ulcer.

CACOGASTRIC
Cac`o*gas"tric, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Troubled with bad digestion. [R.] Carlyle.

CACOGRAPHIC
Cac`o*graph`ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, cacography; badly written
or spelled.

CACOGRAPHY
Ca*cog`ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy; cf. F. cacographie.]

Defn: Incorrect or bad writing or spelling. Walpole.

CACOLET
Ca`co*let", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A chair, litter, or other contrivance fitted to the back or
pack saddle of a mule for carrying travelers in mountainous
districts, or for the transportation of the sick and wounded of an
army.

CACOLOGY
Ca*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. cacologie.]

Defn: Bad speaking; bad choice or use of words. Buchanan.

CACOMIXLE; CACOMIXTLE; CACOMIXL
Ca`co*mix"le, Ca`co*mix"tle, Ca"co*mix`l, n. Etym: [Mexican name.]

Defn: A North American carnivore (Bassaris astuta), about the size of
a cat, related to the raccoons. It inhabits Mexico, Texas, and
California.

CACOON
Ca*coon", n.

Defn: One of the seeds or large beans of a tropical vine (Entada
scandens) used for making purses, scent bottles, etc.

CACOPHONIC; CACOPHONICAL; CACOPHONOUS; CACOPHONIOUS
Cac`o*phon"ic, Cac`o*phon"ic*al, Ca*coph"o*nous, Cac`o*pho"ni*ous, a.

Defn: Harsh-sounding.

CACOPHONY
Ca*coph"o*ny, n.; pl. Cacophonies. Etym: [Gr. Cacophonie.]

1. (Rhet.)

Defn: An uncouth or disagreable sound of words, owing to the
concurrence of harsh letters or syllables. "Cacophonies of all
kinds." Pope.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A combination of discordant sounds.

3. (Med.)

Defn: An unhealthy state of the voice.

CACOSTOMIA
Cac`o*sto"mi*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  bad +  mouth.] (Med.)

Defn: Diseased or gangrenous condition of the mouth.

CACOTECHNY
Cac"o*tech`ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A corruption or corrupt state of art. [R.]

CACOXENE; CACOXENITE
Ca*cox"ene, Ca*cox"e*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous phosphate of iron occurring in yellow radiated tufts.
The phosphorus seriously injures it as an iron ore.

CACTACEOUS
Cac*ta"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to, or like, the family of plants of which the
prickly pear is a common example.

CACTUS
Cac"tus, n. ; pl. E. Cactuses, Cacti (-ti). Etym: [L., a kind of
cactus, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the order Cactacæ, as the prickly pear and the
night-blooming cereus. See Cereus. They usually have leafless stems
and branches, often beset with clustered thorns, and are mostly
natives of the warmer parts of America. Cactus wren (Zoöl.), an
American wren of the genus Campylorhynchus, of several species.

CACUMINAL
Ca*cu"mi*nal, a. Etym: [L. cacumen, cacuminis, the top, point.]
(Philol.)

Defn: Pertaining to the top of the palate; cerebral; -- applied to
certain consonants; as, cacuminal (or cerebral) letters.

CACUMINATE
Ca*cu"mi*nate, v. i. Etym: [L. cacuminatus, p. p. of cacuminare to
point, fr. cacumen point.]

Defn: To make sharp or pointed. [Obs.]

CAD
Cad, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. cadet.]

1. A person who stands at the door of an omnibus to open and shut it,
and to receive fares; an idle hanger-on about innyards. [Eng.]
Dickens.

2. A lowbred, presuming person; a mean, vulgar fellow. [Cant]
Thackeray.

CADASTRAL
Ca*das"tral, a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to landed property. Cadastral survey, or
Cadastral map, a survey, map, or plan on a large scale (Usually
topographical map, which exaggerates the dimensions of houses and the
breadth of roads and streams, for the sake of distinctness. Brande &
C.

CADASTRE; CADASTER
Ca*das"tre, Ca*das"ter, n. Etym: [f. cadastre.] (Law.)

Defn: An official statement of the quantity and value of real estate
for the purpose of apportioning the taxes payable on such property.

CADAVER
Ca*da"ver, n. Etym: [L., fr cadere to fall.]

Defn: A dead human body; a corpse.

CADAVERIC
Ca*dav"er*ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a corpse, or the changes
produced by death; cadaverous; as, cadaveric rigidity. Dunglison.
Cadaveric alkaloid, an alkaloid generated by the processes of
decomposition in dead animal bodies, and thought by some to be the
cause of the poisonous effects produced by the bodies. See Ptomaine.

CADAVERINE; CADAVERIN
Ca*dav"er*ine, Ca*dav"er*in, n. [From Cadaver.] (Chem.)

Defn: A sirupy, nontoxic ptomaine, C5H14N2 (chemically pentamethylene
diamine), formed in putrefaction of flesh, etc.

CADAVEROUS
Ca*dav"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. cadaverosus.]

1. Having the appearance or color of a dead human body; pale;
ghastly; as, a cadaverous look.

2. Of or pertaining to, or having the qualities of, a dead body. "The
scent cadaverous." -- Ca*dav"er*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Ca*dav"er*ous*ness, n.

CADBAIT
Cad"bait`, n. Etym: [Prov. E. codbait, cadbote fly.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Caddice.

CADDICE; CADDIS
Cad"dice, Cad"dis, n. Etym: [Prov. E. caddy, cadew; cf. G. köder
bait.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of a caddice fly. These larvæ generally live in
cylindrical cases, open at each end, and covered externally with
pieces of broken shells, gravel, bits of wood, etc. They are a
favorite bait with anglers. Called also caddice worm, or caddis worm.
Caddice fly (Zoöl.), a species of trichopterous insect, whose larva
is the caddice.

CADDIS
Cad"dis, n. Etym: [OE. caddas, Scot. caddis lint, caddes a kind of
woolen cloth, cf. Gael. cada, cadadh, a kind of cloth, cotton,
fustian, W. cadas, F. cadis.]

Defn: A kind of worsted lace or ribbon. "Caddises, cambrics, lawns."
Shak.

CADDISH
Cad"dish, a.

Defn: Like a cad; lowbred and presuming.

CADDOW
Cad"dow, n. Etym: [OE. cadawe, prob. fr. ca chough + daw jackdaw; cf.
Gael. cadhag, cathag. Cf. Chough, Daw, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A jackdaw. [Prov. Eng.]

CADDY
Cad"dy, n.; pl. Caddies. Etym: [Earlier spelt catty, fr. Malay kati a
weight of 11/3 pounds. Cf. Catty.]

Defn: A small box, can, or chest to keep tea in.

CADE
Cade, a. Etym: [Cf. OE. cad, kod, lamb, also Cosset, Coddle.]

Defn: Bred by hand; domesticated; petted.
He brought his cade lamb with him. Sheldon.

CADE
Cade, v. t.

Defn: To bring up or nourish by hand, or with tenderness; to coddle;
to tame. [Obs.] Johnson.

CADE
Cade, n. Etym: [L. cadus jar, Gr.

Defn: A barrel or cask, as of fish. "A cade of herrings." Shak.
A cade of herrings is 500, of sprats 1,000. Jacob, Law Dict.

CADE
Cade, n. Etym: [F. & Pr.; LL. cada.]

Defn: A species of juniper (Juniperus Oxycedrus) of Mediterranean
countries. Oil of cade, a thick, black, tarry liquid, obtained by
destructive distillation of the inner wood of the cade. It is used as
a local application in skin diseases.

CADENCE
Ca"dence, n. Etym: [OE. cadence, cadens, LL. cadentia a falling, fr.
L. cadere to fall; cf. F. cadence, It. cadenza. See Chance.]

1. The act or state of declining or sinking. [Obs.]
Now was the sun in western cadence low. Milton.

2. A fall of the voice in reading or speaking, especially at the end
of a sentence.

3. A rhythmical modulation of the voice or of any sound; as, music of
bells in cadence sweet.
Blustering winds, which all night long Had roused the sea, now with
hoarse cadence lull Seafaring men o'erwatched. Milton.
The accents . . . were in passion's tenderest cadence. Sir W. Scott.

4. Rhythmical flow of language, in prose or verse.
Golden cadence of poesy. Shak.
If in any composition much attention was paid to the flow of the
rhythm, it was said (at least in the 14th and 15th centuries) to be
"prosed in faire cadence." Dr. Guest.

5. (Her.)

Defn: See Cadency.

6. (Man.)

Defn: Harmony and proportion in motions, as of a well-managed horse.

7. (Mil.)

Defn: A uniform time and place in marching.

8. (Mus.)
(a) The close or fall of a strain; the point of rest, commonly
reached by the immediate succession of the tonic to the dominant
chord.
(b) A cadenza, or closing embellishment; a pause before the end of a
strain, which the performer may fill with a flight of fancy.
Imperfect cadence. (Mus.) See under Imperfect.

CADENCE
Ca"dence, v. t.

Defn: To regulate by musical measure.
These parting numbers, cadenced by my grief. Philips.

CADENCY
Ca"den*cy, n.

Defn: Descent of related families; distinction between the members of
a family according to their ages. Marks of cadency (Her.), bearings
indicating the position of the bearer as older or younger son, or as
a descendant of an older or younger son. See Difference (Her.).

CADENE
Ca*dene", n. Etym: [Cf. F. cadène.]

Defn: A species of inferior carpet imported from the Levant.
McElrath.

CADENT
Ca"dent, a. Etym: [L. cadens, -entis, p. pr. of cadere to fall.]

Defn: Falling. [R.] "Cadent tears." Shak.

CADENZA
Ca*den"za, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A parenthetic flourish or flight of ornament in the course of a
piece, commonly just before the final cadence.

CADER
Ca"der, n.

Defn: See Cadre.

CADET
Ca*det", n. Etym: [F. cadet a younger or the youngest son or brother,
dim. fr. L. caput head; i. e., a smaller head of the family, after
the first or eldest. See Chief, and cf. Cad.]

1. The younger of two brothers; a younger brother or son; the
youngest son.
The cadet of an ancient and noble family. Wood.

2. (Mil.)
(a) A gentleman who carries arms in a regiment, as a volunteer, with
a view of acquiring military skill and obtaining a commission.
(b) A young man in training for military or naval service; esp. a
pupil in a military or naval school, as at West Point, Annapolis, or
Woolwich.

Note: All the undergraduates at Annapolis are Naval cadets. The
distinction between Cadet midshipmen and Cadet engineers was
abolished by Act of Congress in 1882.

CADETSHIP
Ca*det"ship, n.

Defn: The position, rank, or commission of a cadet; as, to get a
cadetship.

CADEW; CADEWORM
Ca*dew", Cade"worm`, n.

Defn: A caddice. See Caddice.

CADGE
Cadge, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Cadged; p. pr. & vb. n. Cadging.]
Etym: [Cf. Scot. cache, caich, cadge, to toss, drive, OE. cachen to
drive, catch, caggen to bind, or perh. E. cage. Cf. Cadger.]

1. To carry, as a burden. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell.

2. To hawk or peddle, as fish, poultry, etc. [Prov.]

3. To intrude or live on another meanly; to beg. [Prov. or Slang,
Eng.] Wright.

CADGE
Cadge, n. Etym: [Cf. 2d Cadger.] (Hawking)

Defn: A circular frame on which cadgers carry hawks for sale.

CADGER
Cadg"er, n. Etym: [From Cadge, v. t., cf. Codger.]

1. A packman or itinerant huckster.

2. One who gets his living by trickery or begging. [Prov. or Slang]
"The gentleman cadger." Dickens.

CADGER
Cadg"er, n. Etym: [OF. cagier one who catches hawks. Cf. Cage.]
(Hawking)

Defn: One who carries hawks on a cadge.

CADGY
Cadg"y, a.

Defn: Cheerful or mirthful, as after good eating or drinking; also,
wanton. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

CADI
Ca"di, n. Etym: [Turk. See Alcalde.]

Defn: An inferior magistrate or judge among the Mohammedans, usually
the judge of a town or village.

CADIE; CADDIE
Cad"ie, Cad"die, n.

Defn: A Scotch errand boy, porter, or messenger. [Written also cady.]
Every Scotchman, from the peer to the cadie. Macaulay.

CADILESKER
Ca`di*les"ker, n. Etym: [Ar. qa\'c8i judge + al'sker the army, Per.
leshker.]

Defn: A chief judge in the Turkish empire, so named originally
because his jurisdiction extended to the cases of soldiers, who are
now tried only by their own officers.

CADILLAC
Ca*dil"lac, n. Etym: [Prob. from Cadillac, a French town.]

Defn: A large pear, shaped like a flattened top, used chiefly for
cooking. Johnson.

CADIS
Cad"is, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A kind of coarse serge.

CADMEAN
Cad*me"an, a. Etym: [L. Cadmeus, Gr. Cadmus), which name perhaps
means lit. a man from the East; cf. Heb. qedem east.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Cadmus, a fabulous prince of Thebes, who
was said to have introduced into Greece the sixteen simple letters of
the alphabet -- Cadmean letters. Cadmean victory, a victory that
damages the victors as much as the vanquished; probably referring to
the battle in which the soldiers who sprang from the dragon's teeth
sown by Cadmus slew each other.

CADMIA
Cad"mi*a, n. Etym: [L. cadmia calamine, Gr. Calamine.] (Min.)

Defn: An oxide of zinc which collects on the sides of furnaces where
zinc is sublimed. Formerly applied to the mineral calamine.

CADMIAN
Cad"mi*an, a. [R.]

Defn: See Cadmean.

CADMIC
Cad"mic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cadmium; as, cadmic
sulphide.

CADMIUM
Cad"mi*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Cadmia.] (Chem.)

Defn: A comparatively rare element related to zinc, and occurring in
some zinc ores. It is a white metal, both ductile and malleable.
Symbol Cd. Atomic weight 111.8. It was discovered by Stromeyer in
1817, who named it from its association with zinc or zinc ore.
Cadmium yellow, a compound of cadmium and sulphur, of an intense
yellow color, used as a pigment.

CADRANS
Cad"rans, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cadran. Cf. Quadrant.]

Defn: An instrument with a graduated disk by means of which the
angles of gems are measured in the process of cutting and polishing.

CADRE
Ca"dre, n. Etym: [F. cadre, It. quadro square, from L. quadrum, fr.
quatuor four.] (Mil.)

Defn: The framework or skeleton upon which a regiment is to be
formed; the officers of a regiment forming the staff. [Written also
cader.]

CADUCARY
Ca*du"ca*ry, a. Etym: [See Caducous.] (Law)

Defn: Relating to escheat, forfeiture, or confiscation.

CADUCEAN
Ca*du"ce*an, a.

Defn: Of or belonging to Mercury's caduceus, or wand.

CADUCEUS
Ca*du"ce*us, n. Etym: [L. caduceum, caduceus; akin to Gr. (Myth.)

Defn: The official staff or wand of Hermes or Mercury, the messenger
of the gods. It was originally said to be a herald's staff of olive
wood, but was afterwards fabled to have two serpents coiled about it,
and two wings at the top.

CADUCIBRANCHIATE
Ca*du`ci*bran"chi*ate, a. Etym: [L. caducus falling (fr. cadere to
fall) + E. branchiate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: With temporary gills: -- applied to those Amphibia in which the
gills do not remain in adult life.

CADUCITY
Ca*du"ci*ty, n. Etym: [LL. caducitas: cf. F. caducité. See Caducous.]

Defn: Tendency to fall; the feebleness of old age; senility. [R.]
[A] jumble of youth and caducity. Chesterfield.

CADUCOUS
Ca*du"cous, Etym: [L. caducus falling, inclined to fall, fr. cadere
to fall. See Cadence.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Dropping off or disappearing early, as the calyx of a poppy, or
the gills of a tadpole.

CADUKE
Ca*duke", a. Etym: [Cf. F. caduc. See Caducous.]

Defn: Perishable; frail; transitory. [Obs.] Hickes.
The caduke pleasures of his world. Bp. Fisher.

CADY
Cad"y, n.

Defn: See Cadie.

CAECA
Cæ"ca, n. pl.

Defn: See Cæcum.

CAECAL
Cæ"cal, a. (Anat.)

1. Of or pertaining to the cæcum, or blind gut.

2. Having the form of a cæcum, or bag with one opening; baglike; as,
the cæcal extremity of a duct.

CAECIAS
Cæ"ci*as, n. Etym: [L. caecias, Gr.

Defn: A wind from the northeast. Milton.

CAECILIAN
Cæ*cil"i*an, n. Etym: [L. caecus blind. So named from the supposed
blindness of the species, the eyes being very minute.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A limbless amphibian belonging to the order Cæciliæ or
Ophimorpha. See Ophiomorpha. [Written also coecilian.]

CAECUM
Cæ"cum, n.; pl. Cæcums, L. Cæca. Etym: [L. caecus blind, invisible,
concealed.] (Anat.)
(a) A cavity open at one end, as the blind end of a canal or duct.
(b) The blind part of the large intestine beyond the entrance of the
small intestine; -- called also the blind gut.

Note: The cæcum is comparatively small in man, and ends in a slender
portion, the vermiform appendix; but in herbivorous mammals it is
often as large as the rest of the large intestine. In fishes there
are often numerous intestinal cæca.

CAELATURA
Cæ`la*tu"ra, n. [L., fr. caelare to engrave in relief.]

Defn: Art of producing metal decorative work other than statuary, as
reliefs, intaglios, engraving, chasing, etc.

CAENOZOIC
Cæ`no*zo"ic, a. (Geol.)

Defn: See Cenozoic.

CAEN STONE
Ca"en stone",

Defn: A cream-colored limestone for building, found near Caen,
France.

CAESAR
Cæ"sar, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A Roman emperor, as being the successor of Augustus Cæsar.
Hence, a kaiser, or emperor of Germany, or any emperor or powerful
ruler. See Kaiser, Kesar.
Malborough anticipated the day when he would be servilely flattered
and courted by Cæsar on one side and by Louis the Great on the other.
Macaulay.

CAESAREAN; CAESARIAN
Cæ*sa"re*an, Cæ*sa"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. Caesareus, Caesarianus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Cæsar or the Cæsars; imperial. Cæsarean
section (Surg.), the operation of taking a child from the womb by
cutting through the walls of the abdomen and uterus; -- so called
because Julius Cæsar is reported to have been brought into the world
by such an operation.

CAESARISM
Cæ"sar*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. Césarisme.]

Defn: A system of government in which unrestricted power is exercised
by a single person, to whom, as Cæsar or emperor, it has been
committed by the popular will; imperialism; also, advocacy or support
of such a system of government.

Note: This word came into prominence in the time of Napoleon III., as
an expression of the claims and political views of that emperor, and
of the politicians of his court.

CAESIOUS
Cæ"si*ous, a. Etym: [L. caesius bluish gray.] (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Of the color of lavender; pale blue with a slight mixture of
gray. Lindley.

CAESIUM
Cæ"si*um, n. Etym: [NL., from L. caesius bluish gray.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare alkaline metal found in mineral water; -- so called from
the two characteristic blue lines in its spectrum. It was the first
element discovered by spectrum analysis, and is the most strongly
basic and electro-positive substance known. Symbol Cs. Atomic weight
132.6.

CAESPITOSE
Cæs"pi*tose`, a.

Defn: Same as Cespitose.

CAESURA
Cæ*su"ra, n.; pl. E. Cæsuras (, L. Cæsuræ ( Etym: [L. caesura a
cutting off, a division, stop, fr. caedere, caesum, to cut off. See
Concise.]

Defn: A metrical break in a verse, occurring in the middle of a foot
and commonly near the middle of the verse; a sense pause in the
middle of a foot. Also, a long syllable on which the cæsural accent
rests, or which is used as a foot.

Note: In the following line the cæsura is between study and of.
The prop | er stud | y || of | mankind | is man.

CAESURAL
Cæ*su"ral, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a cæsura. Cæsural pause, a pause made at a
cæsura.

CAFE
Ca`fé", n. Etym: [F. See Coffee.]

Defn: A coffeehouse; a restaurant; also, a room in a hotel or
restaurant where coffee and liquors are served.

CAFENET; CAFENEH
Caf"e*net, Caf"e*neh, n. Etym: [Turk. qahveh khaneh coffeehouse.]

Defn: A humble inn or house of rest for travelers, where coffee is
sold. [Turkey]

CAFETERIA
Caf`e*te"ri*a, n. [Cf. F. cafetière.]

Defn: A restaurant or café at which the patrons serve themselves with
food kept at a counter, taking the food to small tables to eat. [U.
S.]

CAFFEIC
Caf*fe"ic, a. Etym: [See Coffee.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, coffee. Caffeic acid, an acid
obtained from coffee tannin, as a yellow crystalline substance,
C9H8O4.

CAFFEINE
Caf*fe"ine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. caféine. See Coffee.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, bitter, crystallizable substance, obtained from
coffee. It is identical with the alkaloid theine from tea leaves, and
with guaranine from guarana.

CAFFETANNIC
Caf`fe*tan"nic, a. Etym: [Caffeic + tannic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the tannin of coffee.
Caffetannic acid, a variety of tannin obtained from coffee berries,
regarded as a glucoside.

CAFFILA
Caf"fi*la, n. Etym: [Ar.]

Defn: See Cafila.

CAFFRE
Caf"fre, n.

Defn: See Kaffir.

CAFILA; CAFILEH
Ca"fi*la, Ca"fi*leh, n. Etym: [Ar.]

Defn: A caravan of travelers; a military supply train or government
caravan; a string of pack horses.

CAFTAN
Caf"tan, n. Etym: [Turk. qaftan: cf. F. cafetan.]

Defn: A garment worn throughout the Levant, consisting of a long gown
with sleeves reaching below the hands. It is generally fastened by a
belt or sash.

CAFTAN
Caf"tan, v. t.

Defn: To clothe with a caftan. [R.]
The turbaned and caftaned damsel. Sir W. Scott.

CAG
Cag, n.

Defn: See Keg. [Obs.]

CAGE
Cage, n. Etym: [F. cage, fr. L. cavea cavity, cage, fr. cavus hollow.
Cf. Cave, n., Cajole, Gabion.]

1. A box or inclosure, wholly or partly of openwork, in wood or
metal, used for confining birds or other animals.
In his cage, like parrot fine and gay. Cowper.

2. A place of confinement for malefactors Shak.
Stone walls do not a prison make, Nor iron bars a cage. Lovelace.

3. (Carp.)

Defn: An outer framework of timber, inclosing something within it; as
the cage of a staircase. Gwilt.

4. (Mach.)
(a) A skeleton frame to limit the motion of a loose piece, as a ball
valve.
(b) A wirework strainer, used in connection with pumps and pipes.

5. The box, bucket, or inclosed platform of a lift or elevator; a
cagelike structure moving in a shaft.

6. (Mining)

Defn: The drum on which the rope is wound in a hoisting whim.

7. (Baseball)

Defn: The catcher's wire mask.

CAGE
Cage, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caged; p. pr. & vb. n. Caging.]

Defn: To confine in, or as in, a cage; to shut up or confine. "Caged
and starved to death." Cowper.

CAGED
Caged, a.

Defn: Confined in, or as in, a cage; like a cage or prison. "The
caged cloister." Shak.

CAGELING
Cage"ling, n. Etym: [Cage + -ling]

Defn: A bird confined in a cage; esp. a young bird. [Poetic]
Tennyson.

CAGIT
Ca"git, n. (Zoöl)

Defn: A king of parrot, of a beautiful green color, found in the
Philippine Islands.

CAGMAG
Cag"mag, n.

Defn: A tough old goose; hence, coarse, bad food of any kind. [Prov.
Eng.] Halliwell.

CAGOT
Ca"got, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: One of a race inhabiting the valleys of the Pyrenees, who until
1793 were political and social outcasts (Christian Pariahs). They are
supposed to be a remnant of the Visigoths.

CAHENSLYISM
Ca*hens"ly*ism, n. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A plan proposed to the Pope in 1891 by P. P. Cahensly, a member
of the German parliament, to divide the foreign-born population of
the United States, for ecclesiastical purposes, according to European
nationalities, and to appoint bishops and priests of like race and
speaking the same language as the majority of the members of a
diocese or congregation. This plan was successfully opposed by the
American party in the Church.

CAHIER
Ca`hier", n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. cayer, fr. LL. quaternum. See Quire
of paper. The sheets of manuscript were folded into parts.]

1. A namber of sheets of paper put loosely together; esp. one of the
successive portions of a work printed in numbers.

2. A memorial of a body; a report of legislative proceedings, etc.

CAHINCA ROOT
Ca*hin"ca root`. [Written also cainca root.] [See Cahincic.] (Bot.)

Defn: The root of an American shrub (Chiococca racemosa), found as
far north as Florida Keys, from which cahincic acid is obtained;
also, the root of the South American Chiococca anguifuga, a
celebrated antidote for snake poison.

CAHINCIC
Ca*hin"cic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, cahinca, the native name of a
species of Brazilian Chiococca, perhaps C. recemosa; as, cahincic
acid.

CAHOOT
Ca*hoot", n. Etym: [Perhaps fr. f. cohorte a a company or band.]

Defn: Partnership; as to go in cahoot with a person. [Slang,
southwestern U. S.] Bartlett.

CAIMACAM
Cai`ma*cam", n. Etym: [Turk.]

Defn: The governor of a sanjak or district in Turkey.

CAIMAN
Cai"man, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Cayman.

CAINOZOIC
Cai`no*zo"ic, a.

Defn: (Geol.) See Cenozic.

CAIQUE
Ca*ïque", n. Etym: [F., fr. Turk. qa\'c6q boat.] (Naut..)

Defn: A light skiff or rowboat used on the Bosporus; also, a
Levantine vessel of larger size.

CA IRA
Ça"i*ra". Etym: [F. ça ira, ça ira, les aristocrates à la lanterne,
it shall go on, it shall go on, [hang]the arictocrats to the lantern
(lamp-post).]

Defn: The refrain of a famous song of the French Revolution.

CAIRD
Caird, n. Etym: [Ir. ceard a tinker.]

Defn: A traveling tinker; also a tramp or sturdy beggar. [Prov. Eng.]

CAIRN
Cairn, n. Etym: [Gael. carn, gen. cairn, a heap: cf. Ir. & W. carn.]

1. A rounded or conical heap of stones erected by early inhabitants
of the British Isles, apparently as a sepulchral monument.
Now here let us place the gray stone of her cairn. Campbell.

2. A pile of stones heaped up as a landmark, or to arrest attention,
as in surveying, or in leaving traces of an exploring party, etc. C.
Kingsley. Kane.

CAIRNGORMSTONE
Cairn*gorm"stone`. Etym: [Gael. carn a cairn + gorm azure.] (Min.)

Defn: A yellow or smoky brown variety of rock crystal, or
crystallized quartz, found esp, in the mountain of Cairngorm, in
Scotland.

CAISSON
Cais"son, n. Etym: [F., fr. caisse, case, chest. See 1st Case.]

1. (Mil.)
(a) A chest to hold ammunition.
(b) A four-wheeled carriage for conveying ammunition, consisting of
two parts, a body and a limber. In light field batteries there is one
caisson to each piece, having two ammunition boxes on the body, and
one on the limber. Farrow.
(c) A chest filled with explosive materials, to be laid in the way of
an enemy and exploded on his appoach.

2.
(a) A water-tight box, of timber or iron within which work is carried
on in building foundations or structures below the water level.
(b) A hollow floating box, usually of iron, which serves to close the
entrances of docks and basins.
(c) A structure, usually with an air chamber, placed beneath a vessel
to lift or float it.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A sunk panel of ceilings or soffits. Pneumatic caisson
(Engin.), a caisson, closed at the top but open at the bottom, and
resting upon the ground under water. The pressure of air forced into
the caisson keeps the water out. Men and materials are admitted to
the interior through an air lock. See Lock.

CAISSON DISEASE
Cais"son dis*ease". (Med.)

Defn: A disease frequently induced by remaining for some time in an
atmosphere of high pressure, as in caissons, diving bells, etc. It is
characterized by neuralgic pains and paralytic symptoms. It is
variously explained, most probably as due to congestion of internal
organs with subsequent stasis of the blood.

CAITIFF
Cai"tiff, a. Etym: [OE. caitif, cheitif, captive, miserable, OF.
caitif, chaitif, captive, mean, wretched, F. chétif, fr. L. captivus
captive, fr. capere to take, akin to E. heave. See Heave, and cf.
Captive.]

1. Captive; wretched; unfortunate. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Base; wicked and mean; cowardly; despicable.
Arnold had sped his caitiff flight. W. Irving.

CAITIFF
Cai"tiff, n.

Defn: A captive; a prisoner. [Obs.]
Avarice doth tyrannize over her caitiff and slave. Holland.

2. A wretched or unfortunate man. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. A mean, despicable person; one whose character meanness and
wickedness meet.

Note: The deep-felt conviction of men that slavery breaks down the
moral character . . . speaks out with . . . distinctness in the
change of meaning which caitiff has undergone signifying as it now
does, one of a base, abject disposition, while there was a time when
it had nothing of this in it. Trench.

CAJEPUT
Caj"e*put, n.

Defn: See Cajuput.

CAJOLE
Ca*jole", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cajoled; p. pr. & vb. n. Cajoling.]
Etym: [F. cajoler, orig., to chatter like a bird in a cage, to sing;
hence, to amuse with idle talk, to flatter, from the source of OF.
goale, jaiole, F. geôle, dim. of cage a cage. See Cage, Jail.]

Defn: To deceive with flattery or fair words; to wheedle.
I am not about to cajole or flatter you into a reception of my views.
F. W. Robertson.

Syn.
 -- To flatter; wheedle; delude; coax; entrap.

CAJOLEMENT
Ca*jole"ment, n.

Defn: The act of cajoling; the state of being cajoled; cajolery.
Coleridge.

CAJOLER
Ca*jol"er, n.

Defn: A flatterer; a wheedler.

CAJOLERY
Ca*jol"er*y, n.; pl. Cajoleries (.

Defn: A wheedling to delude; words used in cajoling; flattery.
"Infamous cajoleries." Evelyn.

CAJUN
Ca"jun, n. [A corruption of Acadian.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: In Louisiana, a person reputed to be Acadian French descent.

CAJUPUT
Caj"u*put, n. Etym: [Of Malayan origin; kayu tree + putih white.]
(Med.)

Defn: A highly stimulating volatile infammable oil, distilled from
the leaves of an East Indian tree (Melaleuca cajuputi, etc.) It is
greenish in color and has a camphoraceous odor and pungent taste.

CAJUPUTENE
Caj"u*put*ene`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorlees or greenish oil extracted from cajuput.

CAKE
Cake, n. Etym: [OE. cake, kaak; akin to Dan. kage, Sw. & Icel. kaka,
D. koek, G.kuchem, OHG. chuocho.]

1. A small mass of dough baked; especially, a thin loaf from
unleavened dough; as, an oatmeal cake; johnnycake.

2. A sweetened composition of flour and other ingredients, leavened
or unleavened, baked in a loaf or mass of any size or shape.

3. A thin wafer-shaped mass of fried batter; a griddlecake or
pancake; as buckwheat cakes.

4. A mass of matter concreted, congealed, or molded into a solid mass
of any form, esp. into a form rather flat than high; as, a cake of
soap; an ague cake.
Cakes of rusting ice come rolling down the flood. Dryden.
Cake urchin (Zoöl), any species of flat sea urchins belonging to the
Clypeastroidea.
 -- Oil cake the refuse of flax seed, cotton seed, or other vegetable
substance from which oil has been expressed, compacted into a solid
mass, and used as food for cattle, for manure, or for other purposes.
 -- To have one's cake dough, to fail or be disappointed in what one
has undertaken or expected. Shak.

CAKE
Cake, v. i.

Defn: To form into a cake, or mass.

CAKE
Cake, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caked; p. pr. & vb. n. Caking.]

Defn: To concrete or consolidate into a hard mass, as dough in an
oven; to coagulate.
Clotted blood that caked within. Addison.

CAKE
Cake, v. i.

Defn: To cackle as a goose. [Prov. Eng.]

CAKING COAL
Cak"ing coal`.

Defn: See Coal.

CAL
Cal, n. (Cornish Mines)

Defn: Wolfram, an ore of tungsten. Simmonds.

CALABAR
Cal"a*bar, n.

Defn: A district on the west coast of Africa. Calabar bean, The of a
climbing legumious plant (Physostigma venenosum), a native of
tropical Africa. It is highly poisonous. It is used to produce
contraction of the pupil of the eye; also in tetanus, neuralgia, and
rheumatic diseases; -- called also ordeal bean, being used by the
negroes in trials for witchcraft.

CALABARINE
Cal"a*bar*ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid resembing physostigmine and occurring with it in
the calabar bean.

CALABASH
Cal"a*bash, n. Etym: [Sp. calabaza, or Pg. calaba, caba (cf. F.
Calebasse), lit., a dry gourd, fr. Ar. qar', fem., a kind of gourd +
aibas dry.]

1. The common gourd (plant or fruit).

2. The fruit of the calabash tree.

3. A water dipper, bottle, backet, or other utensil, made from the
dry shell of a calabash or gourd. Calabash tree. (Bot.), a tree of
tropical America (Crescentia cujete), producing a large gourdike
fruit, containing a purgative pulp. Its hard shell, after the removal
of the pulp, is used for cups, bottles, etc. The African calabash
tree is the baobab.

CALABOOSE
Cal`a*boose", n. Etym: [A corruption of Sp. calabozo dungeon.]

Defn: A prison; a jail. [Local, U. S.]

CALABOZO
Ca`la*bo"zo, n. [Sp.]

Defn: A jail. See Calaboose.

CALADE
Ca*lade", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A slope or declivity in a manege ground down which a horse is
made to gallop, to give suppleness to his haunches.

CALADIUM
Ca*la"di*um, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A genus of aroideous plants, of which some species are
cultivated for their immense leaves (which are often curiously
blotched with white and red), and others (in Polynesia) for food.

CALAITE
Cal"a*ite, n. Etym: [L. calaïs, Gr. calaïte.]

Defn: A mineral. See Turquoise.

CALAMANCO
Cal`a*man"co, n. Etym: [LL. calamancus, calamacus; cf. camelaucum; a
head covering made of camel's hair, NGr. calmande a woolen stuff.]

Defn: A glossy woolen stuff, plain, striped, or checked. "a gay
calamanco waistcoat." Tatler.

CALAMANDER WOOD
Cal"a*man`der wood.

Defn: A valuable furniture wood from India and Ceylon, of a hazel-
brown color, with black stripes, very hard in texture. It is a
species of ebony, and is obtained from the Diospyros qusesita. Called
also Coromandel wood.

CALAMAR; CALAMARY
Cal"a*mar, Cal"a*ma*ry, n. Etym: [LL. calamarium inkstand, fr. L.
calamus a reed pen: cf. F. calmar, calemar, pen case, calamar.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A cephalopod, belonging to the genus Loligo and related genera.
There are many species. They have a sack of inklike fluid which they
discharge from the siphon tube, when pursued or alarmed, in order to
confuse their enemies. Their shell is a thin horny plate, within the
flesh of back, shaped very much like a quill pen. In America they are
called squids. See Squid.

CALAMBAC
Cal"am*bac, n. Etym: [F. calambac, calambour, from Malay Kalambaq a
king of fragrant wood.] (Bot.)

Defn: A fragrant wood; agalloch.

CALAMBOUR
Cal"am*bour, n. Etym: [See Calambac.]

Defn: A species of agalloch, or aloes wood, of a dusky or mottled
color, of a light, friable texture, and less fragrant than calambac;
-- used by cabinetmakers.

CALAMIFEROUS
Cal`a*mif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. calamus reed + ferous.]

Defn: Producing reeds; reedy.

CALAMINE
Cal"a*mine, n. Etym: [F. calamine, LL. calamina, fr. L. Cabmia. See
Cadmia.] (min.)

Defn: A mineral, the hydrous silicate of zinc.

Note: The name was formerly applied to both the carbonate and
silicate of zinc each of which is valuabic as an ore; but it is now
usually restricted to the latter, the former being called
smithsonite.

CALAMINT
Cal"a*mint, n. Etym: [OE. calamint, calemente (cf. F. calament) fr.
L. calamintha, Gr. Mint.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of perennial plants (Calamintha) of the Mint family,
esp. the C. Nepela and C. Acinos, which are called also basil thyme.

CALAMIST
Cal"a*mist, n. Etym: [L. calamus a reed.]

Defn: One who plays upon a reed or pipe. [Obs.] Blount.

CALAMISTRATE
Cal`a*mis"trate, v. i. Etym: [L. calamistratus, curied with the
curling iron, fr. calamistrum curling iron, fr. calamus a reed.]

Defn: To curl or friz, as the hair. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

CALAMISTRATION
Cal`amis*tra"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of curling the hair. [Obs.] burton.

CALAMISTRUM
Cal`a*mis"trum, n. Etym: [L., a curling iron.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A comblike structure on the metatarsus of the hind legs of
certain spiders (Ciniflonidæ), used to curl certain fibers in the
construction of their webs.

CALAMITE
Cal"a*mite, n. Etym: [L. calamus a reed: cf. F. calamite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil plant of the coal formation, having the general form
of plants of the modern Equiseta (the Horsetail or Scouring Rush
family) but sometimes attaining the height of trees, and having the
stem more or less woody within. See Acrogen, and Asterophyllite.

CALAMITOUS
Ca*lam"i*tous, a. Etym: [L. Calamitosus; cf. F. calamiteux.]

1. Suffering calamity; wretched; miserable. [Obs.]
Ten thousands of calamitous persons. South.

2. Producing, or attended with distress and misery; making wretched;
wretched; unhappy. "This sad and calamitous condition." South. "A
calamitous prison" Milton.

Syn.
 -- Miserable; deplorable; distressful; afflictive; grievous;
baleful; disastrous; adverse; unhappy; severe; sad; unfortunate.
 -- Ca*lam"i*tous*ly, adv.
 -- Ca*lam"i*tous*ness, n.

CALAMITY
Ca*lam"i*ty n.; pl. Calamities. Etym: [L. calamitas, akin to in-
columis unharmed: cf. F. calamité]

1. Any great misfortune or cause of misery; -- generally applied to
events or disasters which produce extensive evil, either to
communities or individuals.

Note: The word calamity was first derived from calamus when the corn
could not get out of the stalk. Bacon.
Strokes of calamity that scathe and scorch the soul. W. Irving.

2. A state or time of distress or misfortune; misery.
The deliberations of calamity are rarely wise. Burke.
Where'er I came I brought calamity. Tennyson.

Syn.
 -- Disaster; distress; afflicition; adversity; misfortune;
unhappiness; infelicity; mishap; mischance; misery; evil; extremity;
exigency; downfall.
 -- Calamity, Disaster, Misfortune, Mishap, Mischance. Of these
words, calamity is the strongest. It supposes a somewhat continuous
state, produced not usually by the direct agency of man, but by
natural causes, such as fire, flood, tempest, disease, etc, Disaster
denotes literally ill-starred, and is some unforeseen and distressing
event which comes suddenly upon us, as if from hostile planet.
Misfortune is often due to no specific cause; it is simply the bad
fortune of an individual; a link in the chain of events; an evil
independent of his own conduct, and not to be charged as a fault.
Mischance and mishap are misfortunes of a trivial nature, occurring
usually to individuals. "A calamity is either public or private, but
more frequently the former; a disaster is rather particular than
private; it affects things rather than persons; journey, expedition,
and military movements are often attended with disasters; misfortunes
are usually personal; they immediately affect the interests of the
individual." Crabb.

CALAMUS
Cal"a*mus, n.; pl. Calami. Etym: [L., a reed. See Halm.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The indian cane, a plant of the Palm family. It furnishes the
common rattan. See Rattan, and Dragon's blood.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Acorus (A. calamus), commonly called calamus, or
sweet flag. The root has a pungent, aromatic taste, and is used in
medicine as a stomachic; the leaves have an aromatic odor, and were
formerly used instead of rushes to strew on floors.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The horny basal portion of a feather; the barrel or quill.

CALANDO
Ca*lan"do, a. Etym: [It.]

Defn: (Mus.) Gradually diminishing in rapidity and loudness.

CALASH
Ca*lash", n. Etym: [F. calèche; of Slavonic origin; cf. Bohem.
kolesa, Russ. koliaska calash, koleso, kolo, wheel.]

1. A light carriage with low wheels, having a top or hood that can be
raised or lowered, seats for inside, a separate seat for the driver,
and often a movable front, so that it can be used as either an open
or a close carriage.
The baroness in a calash capable of holding herself, her two
children, and her servants. W. Irving.

2. In Canada, a two-wheeled, one-seated vehicle, with a calash top,
and the driver's seat elevated in front.

3. A hood or top of a carriage which can be thrown back at pleasure.

4. A hood, formerly worn by ladies, which could be drawn forward or
thrown back like the top of a carriage.

CALAVERAS SKULL
Ca`la*ve"ras skull.

Defn: A human skull reported, by Prof. J. D. Whitney, as found in
1886 in a Tertiary auriferous gravel deposit, lying below a bed of
black lava, in Calaveras County, California. It is regarded as very
doubtful whether the skull really belonged to the deposit in which it
was found. If it did, it indicates an unprecedented antiquity for
human beings of an advanced type.

CALAVERITE
Ca`la*ve"rite (, n. (Min.)

Defn: A bronze-yellow massive mineral with metallic luster; a
telluride of gold; -- first found in Calaveras County California.

CALCANEAL
Cal*ca"ne*al, a. (Anal.)

Defn: Pertaining to the calcaneum; as, calcaneal arteries.

CALCANEUM
Cal*ca"ne*um n.; pl. E. -neums, L. -nea. Etym: [L. the heel, fr.
calx, calcis, the heel.] (Anal.)

Defn: One of the bones of the tarsus which in man, forms the great
bone of the heel; -- called also fibulare.

CALCAR
Cal"car, n. Etym: [L. calcaria lime kiln, fr. calx, calcis, lime. See
Calx.] (Glass manuf.)

Defn: A kind of oven, or reverberatory furnace, used for the
calcination of sand and potash, and converting them into frit. Ure.

CALCAR
Cal"car, n.; L. pl. Calcaria. Etym: [L., a pur, as worn on the heel,
also the spur of a cock, fr. calx, calcis, the heel.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A hollow tube or spur at the base of a petal or corolla.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A slender bony process from the ankle joint of bats, which
helps to support the posterior part of the web, in flight.

3. (Anat.)
(a) A spur, or spurlike prominence.
(b) A curved ridge in the floor of the leteral ventricle of the
brain; the calcar avis, hippocampus minor, or ergot.

CALCARATE; CALCARATED
Cal"ca*rate, Cal"ca*ra`ted, a. Etym: [LL. calcaratus, fr. L. calcar.
See 2d Calcar.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a spur, as the flower of the toadflax and larkspur;
spurred. Gray.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Armed with a spur.

CALCAREO-ARGILLACEOUS
Cal*ca"re*o-ar`gil*la"ceous, a.

Defn: consisting of, or containing, calcareous and argillaceous
earths.

CALCAREO-BITUMINOUS
Cal*ca"re*o-bi*tu"mi*nous, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or containing, lime and bitumen. Lyell.

CALCAREO-SILICEOUS
Cal*ca"re*o-si*li"ceous, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or containing calcareous and siliceous earths.

CALCAREOUS
Cal*ca"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. calcarius pertaining to lime. See Calx.]

Defn: Partaking of the nature ofcalcite or calcium carbonate;
consisting of, or containg, calcium carbonate or carbonate of lime.
Clcareous spar. See as Calcite.

CALCAREOUSNESS
Cal*ca"re*ous*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being calcareous.

CALCARIFEROUS
Cal`ca*rif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. calcarius of lime + ferous.]

Defn: Lime-yielding; calciferous

CALCARINE
Cal"ca*rine, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or situated near, the calcar of the brain.

CALCAVELLA
Cal`ca*vel"la, n.

Defn: A sweet wine from Portugal; -- so called from the district of
Carcavelhos. [Written also Calcavellos or Carcavelhos.]

CALCEATED
Cal"ce*a"ted, a. Etym: [L. calceatus, p. p. of pelceare to ahoe, fr.
catceus shoe, fr. calx, calcic, heel.]

Defn: Fitted with, or wearing, shoes. Johnson.

CALCED
Calced, a. Etym: [See Calceated.]

Defn: Wearing shoes; calceated; -- in distintion from discalced or
barefooted; as the calced Carmelites.

CALCEDON
Cal"ce*don, n. Etym: [See Chalcedony.]

Defn: A foul vein, like chalcedony, in some precious stones.

CALCEDONIC; CALCEDONIAN
Cal`ce*don"ic, Cal`ce*do"ni*an, a.

Defn: See Chalcedonic.

CALCEIFORM
Cal"ce*i*form`, a. Etym: [L. calceus shoe + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Shaped like a plipper, as one petal of the lady's-slipper;
calceolate.

CALCEOLARIA
cal`ce*o*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. calceolarius shoemaker, fr.
calceolus, a dim. of calceus shoe.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of showy herbaceous or shrubby plant, biought from
South America; slipperwort. It has a yellow or purple flower, often
spotted or striped, the shape of which suggests its name.

CALCEOLATE
Cal"ce*o*late, a. Etym: [See Calceolaria.]

Defn: Slipper-ahaped. See Calceiform.

CALCES
Cal"ces, n. pl.

Defn: See Calx.

CALCIC
Cal"cic, a. Etym: [L. calx, calcis, lime: cf. F. calcique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, calcium or lime.

CALCIFEROUS
Cal*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. calx, calcis, lime + -
ferous.]

Defn: Bearing producing, or containing calcite, or carbonate of lime.
Calciferouse epoch (Geol.), and epoch in the American lower Silurian
system, immediately succeeding the Cambrian period. The name alludes
to the peculiar mixture of calcareous and siliceous characteristics
in many of the beds. See the Diagram under Grology.

CALCIFIC
Cal*cif"ic, a.

Defn: Calciferous. Specifically: (Zoöl.) of or pertaining to hte
portion of the which forms the eggshell in birds and reptiles.
Huxley.

CALCIFICATION
Cal`ci*fi*ca"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The process of chenge into a stony or calcareous substance by
the deposition of lime salt; -- normally, as in the formation of bone
and teeth; abnormally, as in calcareous degeneration of tissue.

CALCIFIED
Cal"ci*fied, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or containing, calcareous matter or lime salts;
calcareous.

CALCIFORM
Cal"ci*form, a. Etym: [L. calx, calcis, lime + -form.]

Defn: In the form of chalk or lime.

CALCIFY
Cal"ci*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Calcified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Calcifying.] Etym: [L. calx, calcis, lime + -fy.]

Defn: To make stony or calcareous by the deposit or secretion of
salts of lime.

CALCIFY
Cal"ci*fy, v. i.

Defn: To become changed into a stony or calcareous condition, in lime
is a principal ingredient, as in the formation of teeth.

CALCIGENOUS
Cal*cig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. calx, calcis, lime + -genouse.] (Chem.)

Defn: Tending to form, or to become, a calx or earthlike substance on
being oxidized or burnt; as magnesium, calcium. etc.

CALCIGEROUS
Cal*cig"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. calx, calcis, lime + -gerouse.]

Defn: Holding lime or other earthy salts; as, the calcigerous cells
of the teeth.

CALCIMINE
Cal"ci*mine, n. Etym: [L. calx, calcis, lime.]

Defn: A white or colored wash for the ceiling or other plastering of
a room, consisting of a mixture of clear glue, Paris white or zinc
white, and water. [Also spelt kalsomine.]

CALCIMINE
Cal"ci*mine, v. t. [imp. &p. p. Calcimined; p. pr. & vb. n.
Calcimining.]

Defn: To wash or cover with calcimine; as, to calcimine walls.

CALCIMINER
Cal"ci*mi`ner, n.

Defn: One who calcimines.

CALCINABLE
Cal*cin"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be calcined; as, a calcinable fossil.

CALCINATE
Cal"ci*nate, v. i.

Defn: To calcine. [R.]

CALCINATION
Cal`ci*na"tion, n. Etym: [F. calcination.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of disintegrating a substance, or rendering
it friable by the action of heat, esp. by the expulsion of some
volatile matter, as when carbonic and acid is expelled from carbonate
of calcium in the burning of limestone in order to make lime.

2. The act or process of reducing a metal to an oxide or metallic
calx; oxidation.

CALCINATORY
Cal*cin"a*to*ry, n.

Defn: A vessel used in calcination.

CALCINE
Cal*cine", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calciden; p. pr. & vb. n. Calcining.]
Etym: [F. calciner, fr. L. calx, calcis, lime. See Calx.]

1. To reduce to a powder, or to a friable state, by the action of
heat; to expel volatile matter from by means of heat, as carbonic
acid from limestone, and thus (usually) to produce disintegration; as
to, calcine bones.

2. To oxidize, as a metal by the action of heat; to reduce to a
metallic calx.

CALCINE
Cal*cine", v. i.

Defn: To be convereted into a powder or friable substance, or into a
calx, by the action of heat. "Calcining without fusion" Newton.

CALCINER
Cal*cin"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, calcines.

CALCISPONGIAE
Cal`ci*spon"gi*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. calx, calcis, lime +
spongia a sponge.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of marine sponges, containing calcareous spicules. See
Porifera.

CALCITE
Cal"cite, n. Etym: [L. calx, calcis, lime.] (Min.)

Defn: Calcium carbonate, or carbonate of lime. It is rhombohedral in
its crystallization, and thus distinguished from aragonite. It
includes common limestone, chalk, and marble. Called also calc-spar
and calcareous spar.

Note: Argentine is a pearly lamellar variety; aphrite is foliated or
chalklike; dogtooth spar, a form in acute rhombohedral or
scalenohedral crystals; calc-sinter and calc-tufa are lose or porous
varieties formed in caverns or wet grounds from calcareous deposits;
agaric mineral is a soft, white friable variety of similar origin;
stalaclite and stalagmite are varieties formed from the drillings in
caverns. Iceland spar is a transparent variety, exhibiting the strong
double refraction of the species, and hence is called doubly
refracting spar.

CALCITRANT
Cal"ci*trant, a. Etym: [L. calcitrans, p. pr. of calcitrare to kick,
fr. calx, calcis , heel.]

Defn: Kicking. Hence: Stubborn; refractory.

CALCITRATE
Cal"ci*trate, v. i. & i. Etym: [L. calcitratus, p. p. of calcitrare.
See Calcitrant.]

Defn: To kick.

CALCITRATION
Cal`ci*tra"tion, n.

Defn: Act of kicking.

CALCIUM
Cal"ci*um, n. Etym: [NL., from L. calx, calcis, lime; cf F. calcium.
See Calx.] (Chem.)

Defn: An elementary substance; a metal which combined with oxygen
forms lime. It is of a pale yellow color, tenacious, and malleable.
It is a member of the alkaline earth group of elements. Atomic weight
40. Symbol Ca.

Note: Calcium is widely and abundantly disseminated, as in its
compounds calcium carbonate or limestone, calcium sulphate or gypsum,
calcium fluoride or fluor spar, calcium phosphate or apatite. Calcium
light, an intense light produced by the incandescence of a stick or
ball of lime in the flame of a combination of oxygen and hydrogen
gases, or of oxygen and coal gas; -- called also Drummond light.

CALCIVOROUS
Cal*civ"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. calx lime + vorare to devour.]

Defn: Eroding, or eating into, limestone.

CALCOGRAPHER
Cal*cog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who practices calcography.

CALCOGRAPHIC; CALCOGRAPHICAL
Cal`co*graph"ic, Cal`co*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to, or in the style of, calcography.

CALCOGRAPHY
Cal*cog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [L. calx, calcis, lime, chalk + -graphy.]

Defn: The art of drawing with chalk.

CALC-SINTER
Calc"-sin`ter, n. Etym: [G. kalk (L. calx, calcis) lime + E. sinter.]

Defn: See under Calcite.

CALC-SPAR
Calc"-spar`, n. Etym: [G. kalk (L. calx) lime E. spar.]

Defn: Same as Calcite.

CALC-TUFA
Calc"-tu`fa, n. Etym: [G. kalk (l. calx) lime + E. tufa.]

Defn: See under Calcite.

CALCULABLE
Cal"cu*la*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. calculable.]

Defn: That may be calculated or ascertained by calculation.

CALCULARY
Cal"cu*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. calculus a pebble, a calculus; cf
calcularius pertaining to calculation.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to calculi.

CALCULARY
Cal"cu*la*ry, n.

Defn: A congeries of little stony knots found in the pulp of the pear
and other fruits.

CALCULATE
Cal"cu*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calculater; p. pr. & vb. n.
Calculating.] Etym: [L, calculatus, p. p. of calculate, fr. calculus
a pebble, a stone used in reckoning; hence, a reckoning, fr. calx,
calcis, a stone used in gaming, limestone. See Calx.]

1. To ascertain or determine by mathematical processes, usually by
the ordinary rules of arithmetic; to reckon up; to estimate; to
compute.
A calencar exacity calculated than any othe. North.

2. To ascertain or predict by mathematical or astrological
computations the time, circumstances, or other conditions of; to
forecast or compute the character or consequences of; as, to
calculate or cast one's nativity.
A cunning man did calculate my birth. Shak.

3. To adjust for purpose; to adapt by forethought or calculation; to
fit or prepare by the adaptation of means to an end; as, to calculate
a system of laws for the government and protection of a free people.
[Religion] is . . . calculated for our benefit. Abp. Tillotson.

4. To plan; to expect; to think. [Local, U. S.]

Syn.
 -- To compute; reckon; count; estimate; rate.
 -- To Calculate, Compute. Reckon, Count. These words indicate the
means by which we arrive at a given result in regard to quantity. We
calculate with a view to obtain a certain point of knowledge; as, to
calculate an eclipse. We compute by combining given numbers, in order
to learn the grand result. We reckon and count in carrying out the
details of a computation. These words are also used in a secondary
and figurative sense. "Calculate is rather a conjection from what is,
as to what may be; computation is a rational estimate of what has
been, from what is; reckoning is a conclusive conviction, a pleasing
assurance that a thing will happen; counting indicates an
expectation. We calculate on a gain; we compute any loss sustained,
or the amount of any mischief done; we reckon on a promised pleasure;
we count the hours and minutes until the time of enjoyment arrives"
Crabb.

CALCULATE
Cal"cu*late, v. i.

Defn: To make a calculation; to forecast caonsequences; to estimate;
to compute.
The strong passions, whether good or bad, never calculate. F. W.
Robertson.

CALCULATED
Cal"cu*la`ted, p. p. & a.

1. Worked out by calculation; as calculated tables for computing
interest; ascertained or conjectured as a result of calculation; as,
the calculated place of a planet; the calculated velocity of a cannon
ball.

2. Adapted by calculation, contrivance. or forethought to accomplish
a purpose; as, to use arts calculated to deceive the people.

3. Likely to produce a certain effect, whether intended or not;
fitted; adapted; suited.
The only danger that attends multiplicity of publication is, that
some of them may be calculated to injure rather than benefit society.
Goldsmith.
The minister, on the other hand, had never gone through an experience
calculated to lead him beyond the scope of generally received laws.
Hawthorne.

CALCULATING
Cal"cu*la`ting, a.

1. Of or pertaining to mathematical calculations; performing or able
to perform mathematical calculations.

2. Given to contrivance or forethought; forecasting; scheming; as, a
cool calculating disposition. Calculating machine, a machine for the
mechanical performance of mathematical operations, for the most part
invented by Charles Babbage and G. and E. Scheutz. It computes
logarithmic and other mathematical tables of a high degree of
intricacy, imprinting the results on a leaden plate, from which a
stereotype plate is then directly made.

CALCULATING
Cal"cu*la`ting, n.

Defn: The act or process of making mathematical computations or of
estimating results.

CALCULATION
Cal`cu*la"tion, n. Etym: [OE. calculation, fr. L. calculatio; cf. OF.
calcucation.]

1. The act or process, or the result, of calculating; computation;
reckoning, estimate. "The calculation of eclipses." Nichol.
The mountain is not so his calculation makes it. Boyle.

2. An expectation based on cirumstances.
The lazy gossips of the port, Abborrent of a calculation crost, Began
to chafe as at a personal wrong. Tennyson.

CALCULATIVE
Cal"cu*la*tive, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to calculation; involving calculation.
Long habits of calculative dealings. Burke.

CALCULATOR
Cal"cu*la*tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. calculateur.]

Defn: One who computes or reckons: one who estimates or considers the
force and effect of causes, with a view to form a correct estimate of
the effects.
Ambition is no exact calculator. Burke.

CALCULATORY
Cal"cu*la*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. calculatorius.]

Defn: Belonging to calculation. Sherwood.

CALCULE
Cal"cule, n. Etym: [F. calcul, fr. L. calculus. See Calculus.]

Defn: Reckoning; computation. [Obs.] Howell.

CALCULE
Cal"cule, v. i.

Defn: To calculate [Obs.] Chaucer.

CALCULI
Cal"cu*li, n. pl.

Defn: See Calculus.

CALCULOUS
Cal"cu*lous, a. Etym: [L. calculosus.]

1. Of the nature of a calculus; like stone; gritty; as, a calculous
concretion. Sir T. Browne.

2. Caused, or characterized, by the presence of a calculus or
calculi; a, a calculous disorder; affected with gravel or stone; as,
a calculous person.

CALCULUS
Cal"cu*lus, n.; pl. Calculi Etym: [L, calculus. See Calculate, and
Calcule.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Any solid concretion, formed in any part of the body, but most
frequent in the organs that act as reservoirs, and in the passages
connected with them; as, biliary calculi; urinary calculi, etc.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A method of computation; any process of reasoning by the use of
symbols; any branch of mathematics that may involve calculation.
Barycentric calculus, a method of treating geometry by defining a
point as the center of gravity of certain other points to which
coëfficients or weights are ascribed.
 -- Calculus of functions, that branch of mathematics which treats of
the forms of functions that shall satisfy given conditions.
 -- Calculus of operations, that branch of mathematical logic that
treats of all operations that satisfy given conditions.
 -- Calculus of probabilities, the science that treats of the
computation of the probabilities of events, or the application of
numbers to chance.
 -- Calculus of variations, a branch of mathematics in which the laws
of dependence which bind the variable quantities together are
themselves subject to change.
 -- Differential calculus, a method of investigating mathematical
questions by using the ratio of certain indefinitely small quantities
called differentials. The problems are primarily of this form: to
find how the change in some variable quantity alters at each instant
the value of a quantity dependent upon it.
 -- Exponential calculus, that part of algebra which treats of
exponents.
 -- Imaginary calculus, a method of investigating the relations of
real or imaginary quantities by the use of the imaginary symbols and
quantities of algebra.
 -- Integral calculus, a method which in the reverse of the
differential, the primary object of which is to learn from the known
ratio of the indefinitely small changes of two or more magnitudes,
the relation of the magnitudes themselves, or, in other words, from
having the differential of an algebraic expression to find the
expression itself.

CALDRON
Cal"dron, n. Etym: [OE. caldron, caudron, caudroun, OF. caudron,
chauderon, F. chaudron, an aug. of F. chaudière, LL. caldaria, fr. L.
caldarius suitable for warming, fr. caldus, calidus, warm, fr. calere
to be warm; cf. Skr. çra to boil. Cf. Chaldron, Calaric, Caudle.]

Defn: A large kettle or boiler of copper, brass, or iron. [Written
also cauldron.] "Caldrons of boiling oil." Prescott.

CALECHE
Ca*lèche", n. Etym: [F. calèche.]

Defn: See Calash.

CALEDONIA
Cal`e*do"ni*a, n.

Defn: The ancient Latin name of Scotland; -- still used in poetry.

CALEDONIAN
Cal`e*do"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Caledonia or Scotland; Scottish; Scotch.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Caledonia or Scotland.

CALEDONITE
Ca*led"o*nite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous sulphate of copper and lead, found in some parts of
Caledonia or Scotland.

CALEFACIENT
Cal`e*fa"cient, a. Etym: [L. calefaciens p. pr. of calefacere to make
warm; calere to be warm + facere to make.]

Defn: Making warm; heating. [R.]

CALEFACIENT
Cal`e*fa"cient, n.

Defn: A substance that excites warmth in the parts to which it is
applied, as mustard.

CALEFACTION
Cal`e*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. calefactio: cf. F. caléfaction.]

1. The act of warming or heating; the production of heat in a body by
the action of fire, or by communication of heat from other bodies.

2. The state of being heated.

CALEFACTIVE
Cal`e*fac"tive, a.

Defn: See Calefactory. [R.]

CALEFACTOR
Cal`e*fac"tor, n.

Defn: A heater; one who, or that which, makes hot, as a stove, etc.

CALEFACTORY
Cal`e*fac"to*ry, a. Etym: [L. calefactorius.]

Defn: Making hot; producing or communicating heat.

CALEFACTORY
Cal`e*fac"to*ry, n.

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: An apartment in a monastery, warmed and used as a sitting room.

2. A hollow sphere of metal, filled with hot water, or a chafing
dish, placed on the altar in cold weather for the priest to warm his
hands with.

CALEFY
Cal"e*fy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calefied; p. pr. & vb. n. Calefying.]
Etym: [L. calere to be warm + -fy]

Defn: To make warm or hot.

CALEFY
Cal"e*fy, v. i.

Defn: To grow hot or warm. Sir T. Browne.

CALEMBOUR
Cal"em*bour`, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A pun.

CALENDAR
Cal"en*dar, n. Etym: [OE. kalender, calender, fr. L. kalendarium an
interest or account book (cf. F. calendrier, OF. calendier) fr. L.
calendue, kalendae, calends. See Calends.]

1. An orderly arrangement of the division of time, adapted to the
purposes of civil life, as years, months, weeks, and days; also, a
register of the year with its divisions; an almanac.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A tabular statement of the dates of feasts, offices, saints'
days, etc., esp. of those which are liable to change yearly according
to the varying date of Easter.

3. An orderly list or enumeration of persons, things, or events; a
schedule; as, a calendar of state papers; a calendar of bills
presented in a legislative assemblly; a calendar of causes arranged
for trial in court; a calendar of a college or an academy.

Note: Shepherds of people had need know the calendars of tempests of
state. Bacon. Calendar clock, one that shows the days of the week and
month.
 -- Calendar month. See under Month.
 -- French Republican calendar. See under Vendémiaire.
 -- Gregorian calendar, Julian calendar, Perpetual calendar. See
under Gregorian, Julian, and Perpetual.

CALENDAR
Cal"en*dar, v. t. [Imp. & p. p. Calendared; p. pr. & vb. n.
Calendaring.]

Defn: To enter or write in a calendar; to register. Waterhouse.

CALENDARIAL
Cal`en*da"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the calendar or a calendar.

CALENDARY
Cal"en*da*ry, a.

Defn: Calendarial. [Obs.]

CALENDER
Cal"en*der, n. Etym: [F. calandre, LL. calendra, corrupted fr. L.
cylindrus a cylinder, Gr. Cylinider.]

1. A machine, used for the purpose of giving cloth, paper, etc., a
smooth, even, and glossy or glazed surface, by cold or hot pressure,
or for watering them and giving them a wavy appearance. It consists
of two or more cylinders revolving nearly in contact, with the
necessary apparatus for moving and regulating.

2. One who pursues the business of calendering.
My good friend the calender. Cawper.

CALENDER
Cal"en*der, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calendered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Calendering.] Etym: [Cf. F. calandrer. See Calender, n.]

Defn: To press between rollers for the purpose of making smooth and
glossy, or wavy, as woolen and silk stuffs, linens, paper, etc. Ure.

CALENDER
Cal"en*der, n. Etym: [Per. qalender.]

Defn: One of a sect or order of fantastically dressed or painted
dervishes.

CALENDOGRAPHER
Cal`en*dog"ra*pher, n. Etym: [Calendar + -graph + er.]

Defn: One who makes calendars. [R.]

CALENDRER
Cal"en*drer, n.

Defn: A person who calenders cloth; a calender.

CALENDRIC; CALENDRICAL
Ca*len"dric, Ca*len"dric*al, a.,

Defn: Of or pertaining to a calendar.

CALENDS
Cal"ends, n. pl. Etym: [OE. kalendes month, calends, AS. calend
month, fr. L. calendae; akin to calare to call, proclaim, Gr. Claim.]

Defn: The first day of each month in the ancient Roman calendar.
[Written also kalends.] The Greek calends, a time that will never
come, as the Greeks had no calends.

CALENDULA
Ca*len"du*la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. calendae calends.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of composite herbaceous plants. One species, Calendula
officinalis, is the common marigold, and was supposed to blossom on
the calends of every month, whence the name.

CALENDULIN
Ca*len"du*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A gummy or mucilaginous tasteless substance obtained from the
marigold or calendula, and analogous to bassorin.

CALENTURE
Cal"en*ture, n. Etym: [F. calenture, fr. Sp. calenture heat, fever,
fr. calentar to heat, fr. p. pr. of L. calere to be warm.] (Med.)

Defn: A name formerly given to various fevers occuring in tropics;
esp. to a form of furious delirium accompanied by fever, among
sailors, which sometimes led the affected person to imagine the sea
to be a green field, and to throw himself into it.

CALENTURE
Cal"en*ture, v. i.

Defn: To see as in the delirium of one affected with calenture.
[Poetic]
Hath fed on pageants floating through the air Or calentures in depths
of limpid flood. Wordsworth.

CALESCENCE
Ca*les"cence, n. Etym: [L. calescens, p.pr. of calescere, incho. of
calere to be warm.]

Defn: Growing warmth; increasing heat.

CALF
Calf, n.; pl. Calves. Etym: [OE. calf, kelf, AS. cealf; akin to D.
kalf, G. kalb, Icel. kalfr, Sw. kalf, Dan. kalv, Goth. kalbo; cf.
Skr. garbha fetus, young, Gr. grabh to seize, conceive, Ir. colpa,
colpach, a calf. *222.]

1. The young of the cow, or of the Bovine family of quadrupeds. Also,
the young of some other mammals, as of the elephant, rhinoceros,
hippopotamus, and whale.

2. Leather made of the skin of the calf; especially, a fine, light-
colored leather used in bookbinding; as, to bind books in calf.

3. An awkward or silly boy or young man; any silly person; a dolt.
[Colloq.]
Some silly, doting, brainless calf. Drayton.

4. A small island near a larger; as, the Calf of Man.

5. A small mass of ice set free from the submerged part of a glacier
or berg, and rising to the surface. Kane.

6. Etym: [Cf. Icel. kalfi.]

Defn: The fleshy hinder part of the leg below the knee. Calf's-foot
jelly, jelly made from the feet of calves. The gelatinous matter of
the feet is extracted by boiling, and is flavored with sugar,
essences, etc.

CALFSKIN
Calf"skin`, n.

Defn: The hide or skin of a calf; or leather made of the skin.

CALI
Ca"li, n. (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: The tenth avatar or incarnation of the god Vishnu. [Written
also Kali.]

CALIBER; CALIBRE
Cal"i*ber, Cal"ibre, n. Etym: [F. calibre, perh. fr. L. qualibra of
what pound, of what weight; hence, of what size, applied first to a
ball or bullet; cf. also Ar. qalib model, mold. Cf. Calipers,
Calivere.]

1. (Gunnery)

Defn: The diameter of the bore, as a cannon or other firearm, or of
any tube; or the weight or size of the projectile which a firearm
will carry; as, an 8 inch gun, a 12-pounder, a 44 caliber.
The caliber of empty tubes. Reid.
A battery composed of three guns of small caliber. Prescott.

Note: The caliber of firearms is expressed in various ways. Cannon
are often designated by the weight of a solid spherical shot that
will fit the bore; as, a 12-pounder; pieces of ordnance that project
shell or hollow shot are designated by the diameter of their bore;
as, a 12 inch mortar or a 14 inch shell gun; small arms are
designated by hundredths of an inch expressed decimally; as, a rifle
of .44 inch caliber.

2. The diameter of round or cylindrical body, as of a bullet or
column.

3. Fig.: Capacity or compass of mind. Burke. Caliber compasses. See
Calipers.
 -- Caliber rule, a gunner's calipers, an instrument having two
scales arranged to determine a ball's weight from its diameter, and
conversely.
 -- A ship's caliber, the weight of her armament.

CALIBRATE
Cal"i*brate, v. i.

Defn: To ascertain the caliber of, as of a thermometer tube; also,
more generally, to determine or rectify the graduation of, as of the
various standards or graduated instruments.

CALIBRATION
Cal`ibra"*tion, n.

Defn: The process of estimating the caliber a tube, as of a
thermometer tube, in order to graduate it to a scale of degrees;
also, more generally, the determination of the true value of the
spaces in any graduated instrument.

CALICE
Cal"ice, n. Etym: [See Calice.]

Defn: See Chalice.

CALICLE
Cal"i*cle, n. Etym: [L. caliculus a small cup, dim. of calicis, a
cup. Cf Calycle.] (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the small cuplike cavities, often with elevated borders,
covering the surface of most corals. Each is formed by a polyp. (b)
One of the cuplike structures inclosing the zooids of certain
hydroids. See Campanularian. [Written also calycle. See Calycle.]

CALICO
Cal"i*co, n.; pl. Calicoes. Etym: [So called because first imported
from Calicut, in the East Indies: cf. F. calicot.]

1. Plain white cloth made from cotton, but which receives distinctive
names according to quality and use, as, super calicoes, shirting
calicoes, unbleached calicoes, etc. [Eng.]
The importation of printed or stained colicoes appears to have been
coeval with the establishment of the East India Company. Beck
(Draper's Dict. ).

2. Cotton cloth printed with a figured pattern.

Note: In the United States the term calico is applied only to the
printed fabric. Calico bass (Zoöl.), an edible, fresh-water fish
(Pomoxys sparaides) of the rivers and lake of the Western United
States (esp. of the Misissippi valley.), allied to the sunfishes, and
so called from its variegated colors; -- called also calicoback,
grass bass, strawberry bass, barfish, and bitterhead.
 -- Calico printing, the art or process of impressing the figured
patterns on calico.

CALICO
Cal"i*co, a.

Defn: Made of, or having the apperance of, calico; -- often applied
to an animal, as a horse or cat, on whose body are large patches of a
color strikingly different from its main color. [Colloq. U. S.]

CALICOBACK
Cal"i*co*back`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The calico bass.
(b) An hemipterous insect (Murgantia histrionica) which injures the
cabbage and other garden plants; -- called also calico bug and
harlequin cabbage bug.

CALICULAR; CALICULATE
Ca*lic"u*lar, a. Ca*lic"u*late, a.

Defn: Relating to, or resembling, a cup; also improperly used for
calycular, calyculate.

CALID
Cal"id, a. Etym: [L. calidus, fr. calere to be hot.]

Defn: Hot; burning; ardent. [Obs.] Bailey.

CALIDITY
Ca*lid"i*ty, n.

Defn: Heat. [Obs.]

CALIDUCT
Cal"i*duct, n. Etym: [See Caloriduct.]

Defn: A pipe or duct used to convey hot air or steam.
Subterranean caliducts have been introduced. Evelyn.

CALIF; CALIFATE
Ca"lif, n., Cal"i*fate, n., etc.

Defn: Same as Caliph, Caliphate, etc.

CALIFORNIA JACK
Cal`i*for"ni*a jack".

Defn: A game at cards, a modification of seven-up, or all fours.

CALIFORNIAN
Cal`i*for"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to California.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of California.

CALIGATION
Cal`i*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. caligatio, fr. caligare to emit vapor, to
be dark, from caligo mist, darkness.]

Defn: Dimness; cloudiness. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

CALIGINOSITY
Ca*lig`i*nos"ity, n. Etym: [L. caliginosus dark. See Caligation.]

Defn: Darkness. [R.] G. Eliot.

CALIGINOUS
Ca*lig"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. caliginosus; cf. F. caligineux.]

Defn: Affected with darkness or dimness; dark; obscure. [R.] Blount.
The caliginous regions of the air. Hallywell.
-- Ca*lig"i*nous*ly, adv.
 -- Ca*lig"i*nous*ness, n.

CALIGO
Ca*li"go, n. Etym: [L., darkness.] (Med.)

Defn: Dimness or obscurity of sight, dependent upon a speck on the
cornea; also, the speck itself.

CALIGRAPHIC
Cal`i*graph"ic, a.

Defn: See Calligraphic.

CALIGRAPHY
Ca*lig"ra*phy, n.

Defn: See Caligraphy.

CALIN
Ca"lin, n. Etym: [F., fr. Malay kelany tin, or fr. Kala'a, a town in
India, fr. which it came.]

Defn: An alloy of lead and tin, of which the Chinese make tea
canisters.

CALIPASH
Cal`i*pash", n. Etym: [F. carapace, Sp. carapacho. Cf Calarash,
Carapace.]

Defn: A part of a turtle which is next to the upper shell. It
contains a fatty and gelatinous substance of a dull greenish tinge,
much esteemed as a delicacy in preparations of turtle.

CALIPEE
Cal"i*pee, n. Etym: [See Calipash]

Defn: A part of a turtle which is attached to the lower shell. It
contains a fatty and gelatinous substance of a light yellowish color,
much esteemed as a delicacy. Thackeray.

CALIPERS
Cal"i*pers, n. pl. Etym: [Corrupted from caliber.]

Defn: An instrument, usually resembling a pair of dividers or
compasses with curved legs, for measuring the diameter or thickness
of bodies, as of work shaped in a lathe or planer, timber, masts,
shot, etc.; or the bore of firearms, tubes, etc.; -- called also
caliper compasses, or caliber compasses. Caliper square, a
draughtsman's or mechanic's square, having a graduated bar and
adjustable jaw or jaws. Knight.
 -- Vernier calipers. See Vernier.

CALIPH
Ca"liph, n. Etym: [OE. caliphe, califfe, F. calife (cf. Sp. califa),
fr. Ar. khalifan successor, fr. khalafa to succed.]

Defn: Successor or vicar; -- a title of the successors of Mohammed
both as temporal and spiritual rulers, now used by the sultans of
Turkey, [Writting also calif.]

CALIPHATE
Cal"i*phate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. califat.]

Defn: The office, dignity, or government of a caliph or of the
caliphs.

CALIPPIC
Ca*lip"pic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Calippus, an Athenian astronomer. Calippic
period, a period of seventy-six years, proposed by Calippus, as an
improvement on the Metonic cycle, since the 6940 days of the Metonic
cycle exceeded 19 years by about a quarter of a day, and exceeded 235
lunations by something more.

CALISAYA BARK
Cal`i*sa"ya bark.

Defn: A valuable kind of Peruvian bark obtained from the Cinchona
Calisaya, and other closely related species.

CALISTHENEUM
Cal`is*the"ne*um, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A gymnasium; esp. one for light physical exercise by women and
children.

CALISTHENIC
Cal`is*then"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to calisthenics.

CALISTHENICS
Cal`is*then"ics, n.

Defn: The science, art, or practice of healthful exercise of the body
and limbs, to promote strength and gracefulness; light gymnastics.

CALIVER
Cal"i*ver, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. caliber.]

Defn: An early form of hand gun, variety of the arquebus; originally
a gun having a regular size of bore. [Obs.] Shak.

CALIX
Ca"lix, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A cup. See Calyx.

CALK
Calk, v. t. [imp. &p. p. Calked; p. pr. & vb. n. Calking.] Etym:
[Either corrupted fr. F. calfater (cf. Pg. calafetar, Sp.
calafetear), fr. Ar. qalafa to fill up crevices with the fibers of
palm tree or moss; or fr. OE. cauken to tred, through the French fr.
L. calcare, fr. calx heel. Cf. Calk to copy, Inculcate.]

1. To drive tarred oakum into the seams between the planks of (a
ship, boat, etc.), to prevent leaking. The calking is completed by
smearing the seams with melted pitch.

2. To make an indentation in the edge of a metal plate, as along a
seam in a steam boiler or an iron ship, to force the edge of the
upper plate hard against the lower and so fill the crevice.

CALK
Calk, v. t. Etym: [E.calquer to trace, It. caicare to trace, to
trample, fr. L. calcare to trample, fr. calx heel. Cf. Calcarate.]

Defn: To copy, as a drawing, by rubbing the back of it with red or
black chalk, and then passing a blunt style or needle over the lines,
so as to leave a tracing on the paper or other thing against which it
is laid or held. [Writting also calque]

CALK
Calk, n. Etym: [Cf. AS calc shoe, hoof, L. calx, calcis, hel, cälcar,
spur.]

1. A sharp-pointed piece or iron or steel projecting downward on the
shoe of a nore or an ox, to prevent the animal from slipping; --
called also calker, calkin.

2. An instrument with sharp points, worn on the sole of a shoe or
boot, to prevent slipping.

CALK
Calk, v. i.

1. To furnish with calks, to prevent slipping on ice; as, to calk the
shoes of a horse or an ox.

2. To wound with a calk; as when a horse injures a leg or a foot with
a calk on one of the other feet.

CALKER
Calk"er, n.

1. One who calks.

2. A calk on a shoe. See Calk, n., 1.

CALKIN
Calk"in, n.

Defn: A calk on a shoe. See Calk, n., 1.

CALKING
Calk"ing, n.

Defn: The act or process of making seems tight, as in ships, or of
furnishing with calks, as a shoe, or copying, as a drawing. Calking
iron, a tool like a chisel, used in calking ships, tightening seams
in ironwork, etc.
Their left hand does the calking iron guide. Dryden.

CALL
Call, v. i. [imp.& p. p. Called; p. r. & vb. n. Calling] Etym: [OE.
callen, AS. ceallin; akin to Icel & Sw. kalla, Dan. kalde, D. kallen
to talk, prate, Gr. gar to praise. Cf. Garrulous.]

1. To command or request to come or be present; to summon; as, to
call a servant.
Call hither Clifford; bid him come amain Shak.

2. To summon to the discharge of a particular duty; to designate for
an office, or employment, especially of a religious character; --
often used of a divine summons; as, to be called to the ministry;
sometimes, to invite; as, to call a minister to be the pastor of a
church.
Paul . . . called to be an apostle Rom. i. 1.
The Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work
whereunto I have called them. Acts xiii. 2.

3. To invite or command to meet; to convoke; -- often with together;
as, the President called Congress together; to appoint and summon;
as, to call a meeting of the Board of Aldermen.
Now call we our high court of Parliament. Shak.

4. To give name to; to name; to address, or speak of, by a specifed
name.
If you would but call me Rosalind. Shak.
And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. Gen.
i. 5.

5. To regard or characterize as of a certain kind; to denominate; to
designate.
What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common. Acts x. 15.

6. To state, or estimate, approximately or loosely; to characterize
without strict regard to fact; as, they call the distance ten miles;
he called it a full day's work.
[The] army is called seven hundred thousand men. Brougham.

7. To show or disclose the class, character, or nationality of.
[Obs.]
This speech calls him Spaniard. Beau. & Fl.

8. To utter in a loud or distinct voice; -- often with off; as, to
call, or call off, the items of an account; to call the roll of a
military company.
No parish clerk who calls the psalm so clear. Gay.

9. To invoke; to appeal to.
I call God for a witness. 2 Cor. i. 23 [Rev. Ver. ]

10. To rouse from sleep; to awaken.
If thou canst awake by four o' the clock. I prithee call me. Sleep
hath seized me wholly. Shak.
To call a bond, to give notice that the amount of the bond will be
paid.
 -- To call a party (Law), to cry aloud his name in open court, and
command him to come in and perform some duty requiring his presence
at the time on pain of what may befall him.
 -- To call back, to revoke or retract; to recall; to summon back.
 -- To call down, to pray for, as blessing or curses.
 -- To call forth, to bring or summon to action; as, to call forth
all the faculties of the mind.
 -- To call in, (a) To collect; as, to call in debts or money; ar to
withdraw from cirulation; as, to call in uncurrent coin. (b) To
summon to one's side; to invite to come together; as, to call in
neighbors.
 -- To call (any one) names, to apply contemptuous names (to any
one).
 -- To call off, to summon away; to divert; as, to call off the
attention; to call off workmen from their employment.
 -- To call out. (a) To summon to fight; to challenge. (b) To summon
into service; as, to call out the militia.
 -- To call over, to recite separate particulars in order, as a roll
of names.
 -- To call to account, to demand explanation of.
 -- To call to mind, to recollect; to revive in memory.
 -- To call to order, to request to come to order; as: (a) A public
meeting, when opening it for business. (b) A person, when he is
transgressing the rules of debate.
 -- To call to the bar, to admit to practice in courts of law.
 -- To call up. (a) To bring into view or recollection; as to call up
the image of deceased friend. (b) To bring into action or discussion;
to demand the consideration of; as, to call up a bill before a
legislative body.

Syn.
 -- To name; denominate; invite; bid; summon; convoke; assemble;
collect; exhort; warn; proclaim; invoke; appeal to; designate. To
Call, Convoke, Summon. Call is the generic term; as, to call a public
meeting. To convoke is to require the assembling of some organized
body of men by an act of authority; as, the king convoked Parliament.
To summon is to require attendance by an act more or less stringent
anthority; as, to summon a witness.

CALL
Call, v. i.

1. To speak in loud voice; to cry out; to address by name; --
sometimes with to.
You must call to the nurse. Shak.
The angel of God called to Hagar. Gen. xxi. 17.

2. To make a demand, requirement, or request.
They called for rooms, and he showed them one. Bunyan.

3. To make a brief visit; also, to stop at some place designated, as
for orders.
He ordered her to call at the house once a week. Temple.
To call for (a) To demand; to require; as, a crime calls for
punishment; a survey, grant, or deed calls for the metes and bounds,
or the quantity of land, etc., which it describes. (b) To give an
order for; to request. "Whenever the coach stopped, the sailor called
for more ale." Marryat.
 -- To call on, To call upon, (a) To make a short visit to; as, call
on a friend. (b) To appeal to; to invite; to request earnestly; as,
to call upon a person to make a speech. (c) To solicit payment, or
make a demand, of a debt. (d) To invoke or play to; to worship; as,
to call upon God.
 -- To call out To call or utter loudly; to brawl.

CALL
Call, n.

1. The act of calling; -- usually with the voice, but often
otherwise, as by signs, the sound of some instrument, or by writing;
a summons; an entreaty; an invitation; as, a call for help; the
bugle's call. "Call of the trumpet." Shak.
I rose as at thy call, but found thee not. Milton.

2. A signal, as on a drum, bugle, trumpet, or pipe, to summon
soldiers or sailors to duty.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: An invitation to take charge of or serve a church as its
pastor.

4. A requirement or appeal arising from the circumstances of the
case; a moral requirement or appeal.
Dependence is a perpetual call upon hummanity. Addison.
Running into danger without any call of duty. Macaulay.

5. A divine vocation or summons.
St. Paul himself believed he did well, and that he had a call to it,
when he persecuted the Christians. Locke.

6. Vocation; employment.

Note: [In this sense, calling is generally used.]

7. A short visit; as, to make a call on a neighbor; also, the daily
coming of a tradesman to solicit orders.
The baker's punctual call. Cowper.

8. (Hunting)

Defn: A note blown on the horn to encourage the hounds.

9. (Naut.)

Defn: A whistle or pipe, used by the boatswain and his mate, to
summon the sailors to duty.

10. (Fowling)

Defn: The cry of a bird; also a noise or cry in imitation of a bird;
or a pipe to call birds by imitating their note or cry.

11. (Amer. Land Law)

Defn: A reference to, or statement of, an object, course, distance,
or other matter of description in a survey or grant reguiring or
calling for a carresponding object, etc., on the land.

12. The privilege to demand the delivery of stock, grain, or any
commodity, at a fixed, price, at or within a certain time agreed on.
[Brokers' Cant]

13. See Assessment, 4. At call, or On call, liable to be demanded at
any moment without previous notice; as money on deposit.
 -- Call bird, a bird taught to allure others into a snare.
 -- Call boy (a) A boy who calls the actors in a theater; a boy who
transmits the orders of the captain of a vessel to the engineer,
helmsman, etc. (b) A waiting boy who answers a cal, or cames at the
ringing of a bell; a bell boy.
 -- Call note, the note naturally used by the male bird to call the
female. It is artifically applied by birdcatchers as a decoy. Latham.
 -- Call of the house (Legislative Bodies), a calling over the names
of members, to discover who is absent, or for other purposes; a
calling of names with a view to obtaining the ayes and noes from the
persons named.
 -- Call to the bar, admission to practice in the courts.

CALLA
Cal"la, n. Etym: [Linnæus derived Calla fr. Gr. calla, calsa, name of
an unknown plant, and Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, of the order Araceæ.

Note: The common Calla of cultivation is Richardia Africana,
belonging to another genus of the same order. Its large spathe is
pure white, surrounding a fleshy spike, which is covered with minute
apetalous flowers.

CALLAT
Cal"lat, n.

Defn: Same as Callet. [Obs.]
A callat of boundless tongue. Shak.

CALLE
Calle, n. Etym: [See Caul.]

Defn: A kind of head covering; a caul. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CALLER
Call"er, n.

Defn: One who calls.

CALLER
Cal"ler, a. [Scot.]

1. Cool; refreshing; fresh; as, a caller day; the caller air.
Jamieson.

2. Fresh; in good condition; as, caller berrings.

CALLET
Cal"let, n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. & Gael. caile a country woman, strumpet.]

Defn: A trull or prostitute; a scold or gossip. [Obs.] [Written also
callat.]

CALLET
Cal"let v. i.

Defn: To rail or scold. [Obs.] Brathwait.

CALLID
Cal"lid, a. Etym: [L. callidus, fr. callere to be thick-skinned, to
be hardened, to be practiced, fr. callum, callus, callous skin,
callosity, callousness.]

Defn: Characterized by cunning or shrewdness; crafty. [R.]

CALLIDITY
Cal*lid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. calliditas.]

Defn: Acuteness of discernment; cunningness; shrewdness. [R.]
Her eagly-eyed callidity. C. Smart.

CALLIGRAPHER
Cal*lig"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One skilled in calligraphy; a good penman.

CALLIGRAPHIC; CALLIGRAPHICAL
Cal`li*graph"ic, Cal`li*graph"ic*al, a., Etym: [Gr. calligraphique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to calligraphy.
Excellence in the calligraphic act. T. Warton.

CALLIGRAPHIST
Cal*lig"ra*phist, n.

Defn: A calligrapher

CALLIGRAPHY
Cal*lig"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. calligraphie.]

Defn: Fair or elegant penmanship.

CALLING
Call"ing, n.

1. The act of one who calls; a crying aloud, esp. in order to summon,
or to attact the attention of, some one.

2. A summoning or convocation, as of Parliament.
The frequent calling and meeting of Parlaiment. Macaulay.

3. A divine summons or invitation; also, the state of being divinely
called.
Who hath . . . called us with an holy calling. 2 Tim. i. 9.
Give diligence to make yior calling . . . sure. 2 Pet. i. 10.

4. A naming, or inviting; a reading over or reciting in order, or a
call of names with a view to obtaining an answer, as in legislative
bodies.

5. One's usual occupation, or employment; vocation; business; trade.
The humble calling of ter female parent. Thackeray.

6. The persons, collectively, engaged in any particular professions
or employment.
To impose celibacy on wholy callings. Hammond.

7. Title; appellation; name. [Obs.]
I am more proud to be Sir Rowland's son His youngest son, and would
not change that calling. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Occupation; employment; business; trade; profession; office;
engagement; vocation.

CALLIOPE
Cal*li"o*pe, n. Etym: [L. Calliope, Gr. kalli- (from kallos
beautiful) +

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The Muse that presides over eloquence and heroic poetry; mother
of Orpheus, and chief of the nine Muses.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: One of the astreids. See Solar.

3. A musical instrument consisting of series of steam whistles, toned
to the notes of the scale, and played by keys arranged like those of
an organ. It is sometimes attached to steamboat boilers.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beautuful species of humming bird (Stellula Calliope) of
California and adjacent regions.

CALLIOPSIS
Cal`li*op"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. pref. (Bot.)

Defn: A popular name given to a few species of the genus Careopsis,
especially to C. tinctoria of Arkansas.

CALLIPASH
Cal`li*pash" (, n.

Defn: See Calipash.

CALLIPEE
Cal`li*pee" (, n.

Defn: See Calipee.

CALLIPERS
Cal`li*pers (, n. pl.

Defn: See Calipers.

CALLISECTION
Cal`li*sec"tion, n. Etym: [L. callere to be insensible + E. section.]

Defn: Painless vivisection; -- opposed to sentisection. B. G. Wilder.

CALLISTHENIC; CALLISTHENICS
Cal`lis*then"ic, a., Cal`lis*then"ics, n.

Defn: See Calisthenic, Calisthenics.

CALLITHUMP
Cal"li*thump`, n.

Defn: A somewhat riotous parade, accompanied with the blowing of tin
horus, and other discordant noises; also, a burlesque serenade; a
charivari. [U. S.]

CALLITHUMPIAN
Cal`li*thump"i*an, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a callithump. [U. S.]

CALLOSAN
Cal*lo"san, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of the callosum.

CALLOSE
Cal"lose, a. Etym: [See Callous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with protuberant or hardened spots.

CALLOSITY
Cal*los"i*ty, n.; pl. Callosities. Etym: [L. callasitas; cf. F.
calosté.]

Defn: A hard or thickened spot or protuberance; a hardening and
thickening of the skin or bark of a part, eps. as a result of
continued pressure or friction.

CALLOSUM
Cal*lo"sum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. callosus callous, hard.] (Anat.)

Defn: The great band commissural fibers which unites the two cerebral
hemispheres. See corpus callosum, under Carpus.

CALLOT
Cal"lot, n.

Defn: A plant coif or skullcap. Same as Calotte. B. Jonson.

CALLOUS
Cal"lous, a. Etym: [L. callosus callous hard, fr. callum, callus,
callous skin: cf. F. calleux.]

1. Hardenes; indurated. "A callous hand." Goldsmith. "A callous
ulcer." Dunglison.

2. Hardened in mind; insensible; unfeeling; unsusceptible. "The
callous diplomatist." Macaulay.
It is an immense blessing to be perfectly callous to ridicule. T.
Arnold.

Syn.
 -- Obdurate; hard; hardened; indurated; insensible; unfeeling;
unsusceptible. See Obdurate.
 -- Cal"lous*ly, adv.
 -- Cal"lous*ness, n.
A callousness and numbness of soul. Bentley.

CALLOW
Cal"low, a. Etym: [OE. calewe, calu, bald, AS. calu; akin to D. kaal,
OHG. chalo, G. Kuhl; cf. L. calvus.]

1. Destitute of feathers; naked; unfledged.
An in the leafy summit, spied a nest, Which, o'er the callow young, a
sparrow pressed. Dryden.

2. Immature; boyish; "green"; as, a callow youth.
I perceive by this, thou art but a callow maid. Old Play [1675].

CALLOW
Cal*low", n. (Zoöl.) Etym: [Named from its note.]

Defn: A kind of duck. See Old squaw.

CALLUS
Cal"lus, n. Etym: [L. See Callous.]

1. (Med.)
(a) Same as Callosity. (b

Defn: The material of repair in fractures of bone; a substance exuded
at the site of fracture, which is at first soft or cartilaginous in
consistence, but is ultimately converted into true bone and unites
the fragments into a single piece.

2. (Hort.)

Defn: The new formation over the end of a cutting, before it puts out
rootlets.

CALM
Calm, n. Etym: [OE. calme, F. calme, fr. It. or Sp. calma (cf. Pg.
calma heat), prob. fr. LL. cauma heat, fr. Gr. Caustic]

Defn: Freodom from motion, agitation, or disturbance; a cessation or
abeence of that which causes motion or disturbance, as of winds or
waves; tranquility; stilness; quiet; serenity.
The wind ceased, and there was a great calm. Mark. iv. 39.
A calm before a storm is commonly a peace of a man's own making.
South.

CALM
Calm, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Calming.] Etym:
[Cf. F. calmer. See Calm, n.]

1. To make calm; to render still or quet, as elements; as, to calm
the winds.
To calm the tempest raised by Eolus. Dryden.

2. To deliver from agitation or excitement; to still or soothe, as
the mind or passions.
Passions which seem somewhat calmed.

Syn.
 -- To still; quiet; appease; ally; pacigy; tranquilize; soothe;
compose; assuage; check; restrain.

CALM
Calm, a. [compar. Calmer; super. Calmest]

1. Not stormy; without motion, as of winds or waves; still; quiet;
serene; undisturbed. "Calm was the day." Spenser.
Now all is calm, and fresh, and still. Bryant.

2. Undisturbed by passion or emotion; not agitated or excited;
tranquil; quiet in act or speech. "Calm and sinless peace." Milton.
"With calm attention." Pope.
Such calm old age as conscience pure And self-commanding hearts
ensure. Keble.

Syn.
 -- Still; quiet; undisturbed; tranquil; peaceful; serene; composed;
unruffled; sedate; collected; placid.

CALMER
Calm"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, makes calm.

CALMLY
Calm"ly, adv.

Defn: In a calm manner.
The gentle stream which calmly flows. Denham.

CALMNESS
Calm"ness, n.

Defn: The state of quality of being calm; quietness; tranquillity;
self-repose.
The gentle calmness of the flood. Denham.
Hes calmness was the repose of conscious power. E. Everett.

Syn.
 -- Quietness; quietude; stillness; tranquillity; serenity; repose;
composure; sedateness; placidity.

CALMUCKS
Cal"mucks, n. pl.

Defn: ; sing. Calmuck. A branch of the Mongolian race inbabiting
parts of the Russian and Chinese empires; also (sing.), the language
of the Calmucks. [Written also Kalmucks.]

CALMY
Calm"y, a. Etym: [Fr. Calm, n.]

Defn: Tranquil; peaceful; calm. [Poet.] "A still and calmy day"
Spenser.

CALOMEL
Cal"o*mel, n. Etym: [Gr. calomélas.] (Chem.)

Defn: Mild chloride of mercury, Hg

CALORESCENCE
Cal`o*res"cence, n. Etym: [L. calor heat.] (Physics)

Defn: The conversion of obscure radiant heat info kight; the
transmutation of rays of heat into others of higher refrangibility.
Tyndall.

CALORIC
Ca*lor"ic, n. Etym: [L. calor heat; cf. F. calorique.] (Physics)

Defn: The principle of heat, or the agent to which the phenomena of
heat and combustion were formerly ascribed; -- not now used in
scientific nomenclature, but sometimes used as a general term for
heat.
Caloric expands all bodies. Henry.

CALORIC
Ca*lor"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to caloric. Caloric engine, a kind of engine
operated air.

CALORICITY
Cal`o*ric"ity, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: A faculty in animals of developing and preserving the heat
nesessary to life, that is, the animal heat.

CALORIDUCT
Ca*lor"i*duct, n. Etym: [L. calor heat (fr. calere to warm) + E.
duct.]

Defn: A tube or duct for conducting heat; a caliduct.

CALORIE
Cal"o*rie, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. calor heat.] (Physics)

Defn: The unit of heat according to the Frensc standard; the amount
of heat requires to raise the temperature of one kilogram (sometimes,
one gram) of water one degree centigrade, or from 0Foot pound.

CALORIFACIENT
Ca*lor`i*fa"cient, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: See Calorificient.

CALORIFERE
Ca*lor"i*fere, n. Etym: [F. calorifère, fr. L. calor heat + ferre to
bear.]

Defn: An apparatus for conveying and distributing heat, especially by
means of hot water circulating in tubes.

CALORIFIANT
Ca*lor`i*fi"ant, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: See Calorificient.

CALORIFIC
Cal`o*rif"ic, a. Etym: [L. calorificus; calor heat + facere to make;
cf. F. calorifique.]

Defn: Possessing the quality of producing heat; heating. Calorific
rays, the invisible, heating rays which emanate from the sum, and
burning and heated bodies.

CALORIFICATION
Ca*lor`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. calorification.]

Defn: Production of heat, esp. animal heat.

CALORIFICIENT
Ca*lor`i*fi"cient, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Having, or relating to the power of producing heat; -- applied
to foods which, being rich in carbon, as the fats, are supposed to
give rise to heat in the animal body by oxidation.

CALORIMETER
Cal`o*rim"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. calor heat + -meter; cf. F.
calorimètre.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: An apparatus for measuring the amount of heat contained in
bodies or developed by some mechanical or chemical process, as
friction, chemical combination, combustion, etc.

2. (Engineering)

Defn: An apparatus for measuring the proportion of unevaporated water
contained in steam.

CALORIMETRIC
Ca*lor`i*met"ric, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to process of using the calorimeter.
Satisfactory calorimetric results. Nichol.

CALORIMETRY
Cal`o*rim"e*try, n. (Physics)

Defn: Measurement of the quantities of heat in bodies.

CALORIMOTOR
Ca*lor`i*mo"tor, n. Etym: [L. calor heat + E. motor.] (Physics)

Defn: A voltaic battery, having a large surface of plate, and
producing powerful heating effects.

CALORISATOR
Ca*lor"i*sa`tor, n. [NL., heater, fr. L. calor heat.]

Defn: An apparatus used in beet-sugar factories to heat the juice in
order to aid the diffusion.

CALOTTE; CALLOT
Ca*lotte", Cal"lot, n. Etym: [F. calotte, dim. of cale a sort of flat
cap. Cf. Caul.]

Defn: A close cap without visor or brim. Especially: (a) Such a cap,
worn by English serjeants at law. (b) Such a cap, worn by the French
cavalry under their helmets. (c) Such a cap, worn by the clergy of
the Roman Catholic Church. To assume the calotte, to become a priest.

CALOTYPE
Cal"o*type, n. Etym: [Gr. (Photog.)

Defn: A method of taking photographic pictures, on paper sensitized
with iodide of silver; -- also called Talbotype, from the inventor,
Mr. Fox. Talbot.

CALOYER
Ca*loy"er, n. Etym: [F., fr. NGr.

Defn: A monk of the Greek Church; a cenobite, anchoret, or recluse of
the rule of St. Basil, especially, one on or near Mt. Athos.

CALQUE
Calque, v. t.

Defn: See 2d Calk, v. t.

CALTROP; CALTRAP
Cal"trop, Cal"trap, n. Etym: [OE. calketrappe, calletrappe, caltor
(in both senses), fr. AS. collræppe, calcetreppe, sort of thistle;
cf. F. chaussetrape star thistle, trap, It. calcatreppo,
calcatreppolo, star thistle. Perh. from L. calx heel + the same word
as E. trap. See 1st Trap.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbaceous plants (Tribulus) of the order
Zygophylleæ, having a hard several-celled fruit, armed with stout
spines, and resembling the military instrument of the same name. The
species grow in warm countries, and are often very annoying to
cattle.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: An instrument with four iron points, so disposed that, any
three of them being on the ground, the other projects upward. They
are scattered on the ground where an enemy's cavalry are to pass, to
impede their progress by endangering the horses' feet.

CALUMBA
Ca*lum"ba, n. Etym: [from kalumb, its native name in Mozambique.]
(Med.)

Defn: The root of a plant (Jateorrhiza Calumba, and probably Cocculus
palmatus), indigenous in Mozambique. It has an unpleasantly bitter
taste, and is used as a tonic and antiseptic. [Written also colombo,
columbo, and calombo.] American calumba, the Frasera Carolinensis,
also called American gentian. Its root has been used in medicine as
bitter tonic in place of calumba.

CALUMBIN
Ca*lum"bin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter principle extracted as a white crystalline substance
from the calumba root. [Written also colombin, and columbin]

CALUMET
Cal"u*met, n. Etym: [F. calumet, fr. L. calamus reed. See Halm, and
cf. Shawm.]

Defn: A kind of pipe, used by the North American Indians for smoking
tobacco. The bowl is usually made of soft red stone, and the tube is
a long reed often ornamented with feathers.
Smoked the calumet, the Peace pipe, As a signal to the nations.
Lowgfellow.

Note: The calumet is used as a symbol of peace. To accept the calumet
is to agree to terms of peace, and to refuse it is to reject them.
The calumet of peace is used to seal or ratify contracts and
alliances, and as an evidence to strangers that they are welcome.

CALUMNIATE
Ca*lum"ni*ate, v. i. [Imp. & p. p. Calumniated; p. pr. & vb. n.
calumniating.] Etym: [L. calumniatus, p. p. of calumniari. See
Calumny, and cf. Challenge, v. t.]

Defn: To accuse falsely and maliciously of a crime or offense, or of
something disreputable; to slander; to libel.
Hatred unto the truth did always falsely report and calumniate all
godly men's doings. Strype.
Syn.
 -- To asperse; slander; defame; vilify; traduce; belie; bespatter;
blacken; libel. See Asperse.

CALUMNIATE
Ca*lum"ni*ate, v. i.

Defn: To propagate evil reports with a design to injure the
reputation of another; to make purposely false charges of some
offense or crime.

CALUMNIATION
Ca*lum`ni*a"tion, n.

Defn: False accusation of crime or offense, or a malicious and false
representation of the words or actions of another, with a view to
injure his good name.
The calumniation of her principal counselors. Bacon.

CALUMNIATOR
Ca*lum`ni*a"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who calumniates.

Syn.
 -- Slanderer; defamer; libeler; traducer.

CALUMNIATORY
Ca*lum"ni*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Containing calumny; slanderous. Montagu.

CALUMNIOUS
Ca*lum"ni*ous, a. Etym: [L. calumniosus.]

Defn: Containing or implying calumny; false, malicious, and injurious
to reputation; slanderous; as, calumnious reports.
Virtue itself 'scapes not calumnious strokes. Shak.

Syn: Slanderous; defamatory; scurrilous; opprobrious; derogatory;
libelous; abusive.

Syn: -- Ca*lum"ni*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Ca*lum"ni*ous*ness, n.

CALUMNY
Cal"um*ny, n.; pl. Calumnies. Etym: [L. calumnia, fr. calvi to devise
tricks, deceive; cf. F. calomnie. Cf. Challenge, n.]

Defn: False accusation of a crime or offense, maliciously made or
reported, to the injury of another; malicious misrepresentation;
slander; detraction. "Infamouse calumnies." Motley.
Be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow, thou shalt not escape
calumny. Shak.

CALVARIA
Cal*va"ri*a, n. Etym: [L. See Calvary.] (Anat.)

Defn: The bones of the cranium; more especially, the bones of the
domelike upper portion.

CALVARY
Cal"va*ry, n. Etym: [L. calvaria a bare skull, fr. calva the scalp
without hair. fr. calvus bald; cf. F. calvaire.]

1. The place where Christ was crucified, on a small hill outside of
Jerusalem. Luke xxiii. 33.

Note: The Latin calvaria is a translation of the Greek Golgotha. Dr.
W. Smith.

2. A representation of the crucifixion, consisting of three crosses
with the figures of Christ and the thieves, often as large as life,
and sometimes surrounded by figures of other personages who were
present at the crucifixion.

3. (Her.)

Defn: A cross, set upon three steps; -- more properly called cross
calvary.

CALVE
Calve, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calved 3; p. pr. & vb. n. Calving.] Etym:
[AS. cealfian. See Calf.]

1. To bring forth a calf. "Their cow calveth." Job xxi. 10.

2. To bring forth young; to produce offspring.
Canst thou mark when the hinds do calve Job xxxix. 1.
The grassy clods now calved. Molton.

CALVER
Cal"ver, v. i.

1. To cut in slices and pickle, as salmon. [Obs.]
For a change, leave calvered salmon and eat sprats. Massinger.

2. To crimp; as, calvered salmon. Nares.

CALVER
Cal"ver, v. i.

Defn: To bear, or be susceptible of, being calvered; as, grayling's
flesh will calver. Catton.

CALVESSNOUT
Calves"*snout, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Snapdragon.

CALVINISM
Cal"vin*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. Calvinisme.]

Defn: The theological tenets or doctrines of John Calvin (a French
theologian and reformer of the 16th century) and his followers, or of
the so-called calvinistic churches.

Note: The distinguishing doctrines of this system, usually termed the
five points of Calvinism, are original sin or total depravity,
election or predestination, particular redemption, effectual calling,
and the perseverance of the saints. It has been subject to many
variations and modifications in different churches and at various
times.

CALVINIST
Cal"vin*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. Calviniste.]

Defn: A follower of Calvin; a believer in Calvinism.

CALVINISTIC; CALVINISTICAL
Cal`vin*is"tic, Cal`vin*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Calvin, or Calvinism; following Calvin;
accepting or Teaching Calvinism. "Calvinistic training." Lowell.

CALVINIZE
Cal"vin*ize, v. t.

Defn: To convert to Calvinism.

CALVISH
Calv"ish, a.

Defn: Like a calf; stupid. Sheldon.

CALX
Calx, n.; pl. E. Calxes, L. Calces. Etym: [L. Calx, calcis.
limestone; cf. Gr. carraic rock Gael. carraig, W. careg, stone. Cf.
Chalk.]

1. (Chem.)
(a) Quicklime. [Obs.]
(b) The substance which remains when a metal or mineral has been
subjected to calcination or combustion by heat, and which is, or may
be, reduced to a fine powder.

Note: Metallic calxes are now called oxides.

2. Broken and refuse glass, returned to the post.

CALYCIFLORAL; CALLYCIFLOROUS
Ca*lyc`i*flo"ral, cal*lyc`i*flo"rous, a. Etym: [L. calyx, -ycis,
calyx + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the petals and stamens adnate to the calyx; -- applied
to a subclass of dicotyledonous plants in the system of the French
botanist Candolle.

CALYCIFORM
Ca*lyc"i*form, a. Etym: [L. calyx, calycis, calyx + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form or appearance of a calyx.

CALYCINAL; CALYCINE
Ca*lyc"i*nal, Cal"y*cine, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to a calyx; having the nature of a calyx.

CALYCLE
Cal"y*cle, n. Etym: [L.calyculus small flower bud, calyx, dim. of
calyx. See Calyx, and cf. Calicle.] (Bot.)

Defn: A row of small bracts, at the base of the calyx, on the
outside.

CALYCLED
Cal"y*cled, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Calyculate.

CALYCOZOA
Cal`y*co*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of acalephs of which Lucernaria is the type. The body
is cup-shaped with eight marginal lobes bearing clavate tentacles. An
aboral sucker serves for attachment. The interior is divided into
four large compartments. See Lucernarida.

CALYCULAR
Ca*lyc"u*lar, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the bracts of a calycle.

CALYCULATE; CALYCULATED
Ca*lyc"u*late, Ca*lyc"u*la`ted, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a set of bracts resembling a calyx.

CALYMENE
Ca*lym"e*ne, n. Etym: [Gr. ( (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of trilobites characteristic of the Silurian age.

CALYON
Cal"yon, n.

Defn: Flint or pebble stone, used in building walls, etc. Haliwell.

CALYPSO
Ca*lyp"so, n. Etym: [The Latinized Greek name of a beautiful nymph.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A small and beautiful species of orchid, having a flower
variegated with purple, pink, and yellow. It grows in cold and wet
localities in the northern part of the United States. The Calypso
borealis is the only orchid which reaches 68º N.

CALYPTRA
Ca*lyp"tra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A little hood or veil, resembling an extinguisher in form and
position, covering each of the small flaskike capsules which contain
the spores of mosses; also, any similar covering body.

CALYPTRIFORM
Ca*lyp"tri*form, a. Etym: [Calyptra + -form.]

Defn: Having the form a calyptra, or extinguisher.

CALYX
Ca"lyx, n.; pl. E. Calyxes, L. Calyces. Etym: [L. calyx, -ycis, fr.
Gr. Chalice Helmet.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The covering of a flower. See Flower.

Note: The calyx is usually green and foliaceous, but becomes delicate
and petaloid in such flowers as the anemone and the four-o'clock.
Each leaf of the calyx is called a sepal.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A cuplike division of the pelvis of the kidney, which surrounds
one or more of the renal papilæ.

CALZOONS
Cal*zoons", n. pl. Etym: [F. caleçons (cf. It. calzoni breeches), fr.
L. calceus shoe.]

Defn: Drawers. [Obs.]

CAM
Cam, n. Etym: [Dan. kam comb, ridge; or cf. W. Gael., and Ir., cam
bet. See 1st Come.]

1. (Med.)
(a) A turning or sliding piece which, by the shape of its periphery
or face, or a groove in its surface, imparts variable or intermittent
motion to, or receives such motion from, a rod, lever, or block
brought into sliding or rolling contact with it.
(b) A curved wedge, movable about an axis, used for forcing or
clamping two pieces together.
(c) A projecting part of a wheel or other moving piece so shaped as
to give alternate or variable motion to another piece against which
its acts.

Note: Cams are much used in machinery involving complicated, and
irregular movements, as in the sewing machine, pin machine, etc.

2. A ridge or mound of earth. [Prow. Eng.] Wright. Cam wheel (Mach.),
a wheel with one or more projections (cams) or depressions upon its
periphery or upon its face; one which is set or shaped eccentrically,
so that its revolutions impart a varied, reciprocating, or
intermittent motion.

CAM
Cam, a. Etym: [See Kam.]

Defn: Crooked. [Obs.]

CAMAIEU
Ca*ma"ieu, n. Etym: [F.; of unknown origin. Cf. Cameo.]

1. A cameo. [Obs.] Crabb.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Painting in shades of one color; monochrome. Mollett.

CAMAIL
Ca*mail", n. Etym: [F. camail (cf. It. camaglio), fr. L. caput head +
source of E. mail.]

1. (Ancient Armor)

Defn: A neck guard of chain mall, hanging from the bascinet or other
headpiece.

2. A hood of other material than mail; esp. (Eccl.), a hood worn in
church services, -- the amice, or the like.

CAMARA; CAMARA DOS PARES; CAMARADOS DEPUTADOS
Ca"ma*ra, Ca"ma*ra dos pares, Ca"ma*ra*dos deputados, n. [Pg.]

Defn: Chamber; house; -- used in Ca"ma*ra dos Pa"res, and Ca"ma*ra
dos De`pu*ta"dos. See Legislature.

CAMARADERIE
Ca`ma`ra`de*rie", n. [F. See Comrade.]

Defn: Comradeship and loyalty.

The spirit of camaraderie is strong among these riders of the plains.
W. A. Fraser.

CAMARASAURUS
Cam`a*ra*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL. fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of gigantic American Jurassic dinosaurs, having large
cavities in the bodies of the dorsal vertebræ.

CAMARILLA
Ca`ma*ril"la, n. Etym: [Sp., a small room.]

1. The private audience chamber of a king.

2. A company of secret and irresponsible advisers, as of a king; a
cabal or clique.

CAMASS
Cam"ass, n. Etym: [American Indian name.] (Bot.)

Defn: A blue-flowered liliaceous plant (Camassia esculenta) of
northwestern America, the bulbs of which are collected for food by
the Indians. [Written also camas, cammas, and quamash.]

Note: The Eastern cammass is Camassia Fraseri.

CAMBER
Cam"ber, n. Etym: [Of. cambre bent, curved; akin to F. cambrer to
vault, to bend, fr. L. camerare to arch over, fr. camera vault, arch.
See Chamber, and cf. Camerate.]

1. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: An upward convexity of a deck or other surface; as, she has a
high camber (said of a vessel having an unusual convexity of deck).

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An upward concavity in the under side of a beam, girder, or
lintel; also, a slight upward concavity in a straight arch. See
Hogback. Camber arch (Arch.), an arch whose intrados, though
apparently straight, has a slightly concave curve upward.
 -- Camber beam (Arch.), a beam whose under side has a concave curve
upward.

CAMBER
Cam"ber, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cambered; p. pr. & vb. n. Cambering.]

Defn: To cut bend to an upward curve; to construct, as a deck, with
an upward curve.

CAMBER
Cam"ber, v. i.

Defn: To curve upward.

CAMBERKEELED
Cam"ber*keeled, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Having the keel arched upwards, but not actually hogged; --
said of a ship.

CAMBIAL
Cam"bi*al, a. Etym: [LL. cambialis, fr. cambiars. See Change.]

Defn: Belonging to exchanges in commerce; of exchange. [R.]

CAMBIST
Cam"bist, n. Etym: [F. cambiste, It. cambista, fr. L. cambire to
exchange. See Change.]

Defn: A banker; a money changer or broker; one who deals in bills of
exchange, or who is skilled in the science of exchange.

CAMBISTRY
Cam"bist*ry, n.

Defn: The science of exchange, weight, measures, etc.

CAMBIUM
Cam"bi*um, n. Etym: [LL. cambium exchange, fr. L. cambire to
exchange. It was supposed that cambium was sap changing into wood.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A series of formative cells lying outside of the wood proper
and inside of the inner bark. The growth of new wood takes place in
the cambium, which is very soft.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A fancied nutritive juice, formerly supposed to orgiginate in
the blood, to repair losses of the system, and to promote its
increase. Dunglison.

CAMBLET
Cam"blet, n.

Defn: See Camlet.

CAMBOGE
Cam*boge", n.

Defn: See Gamboge.

CAMBOOSE
Cam*boose", n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Caboose.

CAMBRASINE
Cam"bra*sine, n.

Defn: A kind of linen cloth made in Egypt, and so named from its
resemblance to cambric.

CAMBREL
Cam"brel, n.

Defn: See Gambrel, n., 2. Wright.

CAMBRIA
Cam"bri*a, n.

Defn: The ancient Latin name of Wales. It is used by modern poets.

CAMBRIAN
Cam"bri*an, a.

1. (Geog.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Cambria or Wales.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lowest subdivision of the rocks of the
Silurian or Molluscan age; -- sometimes described as inferior to the
Silurian. It is named from its development in Cambria or Wales. See
the Diagram under Geology.

CAMBRIAN
Cam"bri*an, n.

1. A native of Cambria or Wales.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: The Cambrian formation.

CAMBRIC
Cam"bric, n. Etym: [OE. camerike, fr. Cambrai (Flemish Kamerik), a
city of France (formerly of Flanders), where it was first made.]

1. A fine, thin, and white fabric made of flax or linen.
He hath ribbons of all the colors i' the rainbow; . . . inkles,
caddises, cambrics, lawns. Shak.

2. A fabric made, in imitation of linen cambric, of fine, hardspun
cotton, often with figures of various colors; -- also called cotton
cambric, and cambric muslin.

CAMBROBRITON; CAMBRO-BRITON
Cam"bro*Brit"on, n.

Defn: A Welshman.

CAME
Came,

Defn: imp. of Come.

CAME
Came, n. Etym: [Cf. Scot. came, caim, comb, and OE. camet silver.]

Defn: A slender rod of cast lead, with or without grooves, used, in
casements and stained-glass windows, to hold together the panes or
pieces of glass.

CAMEL
Cam"el, n. Etym: [Oe. camel, chamel, OF. camel, chamel, F. chameau L.
camelus, fr. Gr. gamal, Ar. jamal. Cf. As. camel, fr. L. camelus.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large ruminant used in Asia and Africa for carrying burdens
and for riding. The camel is remarkable for its ability to go a long
time without drinking. Its hoofs are small, and situated at the
extremities of the toes, and the weight of the animal rests on the
callous. The dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) has one bunch on the
back, while the Bactrian camel (C. Bactrianus) has two. The llama,
alpaca, and vicuña, of South America, belong to a related genus
(Auchenia).

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A watertight structure (as a large box or boxes) used to assist
a vessel in passing over a shoal or bar or in navigating shallow
water. By admitting water, the camel or camels may be sunk and
attached beneath or at the sides of a vessel, and when the water is
pumped out the vessel is lifted. Camel bird (Zoöl.), the ostrich.
 -- Camel locust (Zoöl.), the mantis.
 -- Camel's thorn (Bot.), a low, leguminous shrub (Alhagi maurorum)
of the Arabian desert, from which exudes a sweetish gum, which is one
of the substances called manna.

CAMELBACKED; CAMEL-BACKED
Cam"el*backed`, a.

Defn: Having a back like a camel; humpbacked. Fuller.

CAMELEON
Ca*me"le*on, n.

Defn: See Chaceleon. [Obs.]

CAMELLIA
Ca*mel"li*a, n. Etym: [NL.; -- named after Kamel, a Jesuit who is
said to have brought it from the East.] (Bot.)

Defn: An Asiatic genus of small shrubs, often with shining leaves and
showy flowers. Camelia Japonica is much cultivated for ornament, and
C. Sassanqua and C. Oleifera are grown in China for the oil which is
pressed from their seeds. The tea plant is now referred to this genus
under the name of Camellia Thea.

CAMELOPARD
Ca*mel"o*pard, n. Etym: [LL. camelopardus, L. camelopardalus,
camelopardalis, fr. Gr. camélopard. The camelopard has a neck and
head like a camel, and is spotted like a pard. See Camel, and Pard.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An African ruminant; the giraffe. See Giraffe.

CAMELOT
Came"lot, n.

Defn: See Camelet. [Obs.]

CAMELRY
Cam"el*ry, n.

Defn: Troops that are mounted on camels.

CAMELSHAIR
Cam"els*hair`, a.

Defn: Of camel's hair. Camel's-hair pencil, a small brush used by
painters in water colors, made of camel's hair or similar materials.
 -- Camel's-hair shawl. A name often given to a cashmere shawl. See
Cashmere shawl under Cashmere.

CAMEMBERT; CAMEMBERT CHEESE
Ca`mem`bert", n., or Camembert cheese.

Defn: A kind of soft, unpressed cream cheese made in the vicinity of
Camembert, near Argentan, France; also, any cheese of the same type,
wherever made.

CAMEO
Cam"e*o, n.; pl. Cameos. Etym: [It cammeo; akin to F. camée, camaïeu,
Sp. camafeo, LL. camaeus, camahutus; of unknown origin.]

Defn: A carving in relief, esp. one on a small scale used as a jewel
for personal adornment, or like.

Note: Most cameos are carved in a material which has layers of
different colors, such stones as the onyx and sardonyx, and various
kinds of shells, being used. Cameo conch (Zoöl.), a large, marine,
univalve shell, esp. Cassis cameo, C. rua, and allied species, used
for cutting cameos. See Quern conch.

CAMERA
Cam"e*ra, n.; pl. E. Cameras, L. Camerae. Etym: [L. vault, arch, LL.,
chamber. See Chamber.]

Defn: A chamber, or instrument having a chamber. Specifically: The
camera obscura when used in photography. See Camera, and Camera
obscura. Bellows camera. See under Bellows.
 -- In camera (Law), in a judge's chamber, that is, privately; as, a
judge hears testimony which is not fit for the open court in camera.
 -- Panoramic, or Pantascopic, camera, a photographic camera in which
the lens and sensitized plate revolve so as to expose adjacent parts
of the plate successively to the light, which reaches it through a
narrow vertical slit; -- used in photographing broad landscapes.
Abney.

CAMERADE
Came"rade, n.

Defn: See Comrade, [Obs.]

CAMERALISTIC
Cam`e*ra*lis"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to finance and public revenue.

CAMERALISTICS
Cam`e*ra*lis"tics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. caméralistique, G. kameralistik,
fr. L. camera vault, LL., chamber, treasury.]

Defn: The science of finance or public revenue.

CAMERA LUCIDA
Cam"e*ra lu"ci*da. Etym: [L. camera chamber + L. lucidus, lucida,
lucid, light.] (Opt.)

Defn: An instrument which by means of a prism of a peculiar form, or
an arrangement of mirrors, causes an apparent image of an external
object or objects to appear as if projected upon a plane surface, as
of paper or canvas, so that the outlines may conveniently traced. It
is generally used with the microscope.

CAMERA OBSCURA
Cam"e*ra ob*scu"ra. Etym: [LL. camera chamber + L. obscurus, obscura,
dark.] (Opt.)

1. An apparatus in which the images of extermal objects, formed by a
convex lens or a concave mirror, are thrown on a paper or other white
surface placed in the focus of the lens or mirror within a darkened
chamber, or box, so that the oulines may be traced.

2. (Photog.)

Defn: An apparatus in which the image of an external object or
objects is, by means of lenses. thrown upon a sensitized plate or
surface placed at the back or an extensible darkened box or chamber
variously modifled; -- commonly called simply the camera.

CAMERATE
Cam"er*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Camerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Camerzting.] Etym: [L. cameratus, p. p. of camerare. See Camber.]

1. To build in the form of a vault; to arch over.

2. To divide into chambers.

CAMERATION
Cam`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. cameratio.]

Defn: A vaulting or arching over. [R.]

CAMERLINGO
Ca`mer*lin"go, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: The papal chamberlain; the cardinal who presides over the
pope's household. He has at times possessed great power. [Written
also camerlengo and camarlengo.]

CAMERONIAN
Cam`e*ro"ni*an, n.

Defn: A follower of the Rev. Richard Cameron, a Scotch Covenanter of
the time of Charies II.
Cameron and others refused to accept the "indulgence" offered the
Presbyterian clergy, insisted on the Solemn league and Covenant, and
in 1680 declared Charles II deposed for tyranny, breach of faith,
etc. Cameron was killed at the battle of Airdmoss, but his followers
became a denomination (afterwards called Reformed Presbyterians) who
refused to recognize laws or institutions which they believed
contrary to the kingdom of Christ, but who now avail themselves of
political rights.

CAMIS
Cam"is, n. Etym: [See Chemise.]

Defn: A light, loose dress or robe. [Also written camus.] [Obs.]
All in a camis light of purple silk. Spenser.

CAMISADE; CAMISADO
Cam`i*sade", Cam`i*sa"do, n. Etym: [F. camisade a night attack; cf.
It. camiciata. See Camis.] [Obs.] (Mil.)
(a) A shirt worn by soldiers over their uniform, in order to be able
to recognize one another in a night attack.
(b) An attack by surprise by soldiers wearing the camisado.
Give them a camisado in night season. Holinshed.

CAMISARD
Cam"i*sard, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: One of the French Protestant insurgents who rebelled against
Louis XIV, after the revocation of the edict of Nates; -- so called
from the peasant's smock (camise) which they wore.

CAMISATED
Cam"i*sa`ted, a.

Defn: Dressed with a shirt over the other garments.

CAMISOLE
Cam"i*sole, n. Etym: [F. See chemise.]

1. A short dressing jacket for women.

2. A kind of straitjacket.

CAMLET
Cam"let, n. Etym: [F. camelot (akin to Sp. camelote, chamelote, It.
cambellbito, ciambellotto, LL. camelotum, camelinum, fr. Ar. khamlat
camlet, fr. kaml pile, plush. The word was early confused with camel,
camel's hair also being used in making it. Cf. Calamanco]

Defn: A woven fabric originally made of camel's hair, now chiefly of
goat's hair and silk, or of wool and cotton. [Sometimes written
camelot and camblet.]

Note: They have been made plain and twilled, of sigle warp and weft,
of double warp, and sometimes with double weft also, with thicker
yarn. Beck (Draper's Dict. )

CAMLETED
Cam"let*ed, a.

Defn: Wavy or undulating like camlet; veined. Sir T. Herbert.

CAMMAS
Cam"mas, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Camass.

CAMMOCK
Cam"mock, n. Etym: [AS. cammoc.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant having long hard, crooked roots, the Ononis spinosa; --
called also rest-harrow. The Scandix Pecten-Veneris is also called
cammock.

CAMOMILE; CHAMOMILE
Cam"o*mile, Cham"o*mile, n.Etym: [LL. camonilla, corrupted fr. Gr.
Humble, and Melon.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbs (Anthemis) of the Composite family. The common
camomile, A. nobilis, is used as a popular remedy. Its flowers have a
strong and fragrant and a bitter, aromatic taste. They are tonic,
febrifugal, and in large doses emetic, and the volatile oil is
carminative.

CAMONFLET
Ca*mon"flet, n. Etym: [F.] (Mil.)

Defn: A small mine, sometimes formed in the wall or side of an
enemy's gallery, to blow in the earth and cut off the retreat of the
miners. Farrow.

CAMORRA
Ca*mor"ra, n. [It.]

Defn: A secret organization formed at Naples, Italy, early in the
19th century, and used partly for political ends and partly for
practicing extortion, violence, etc. -- Ca*mor"rist (#), n.

CAMOUS; CAMOYS
Ca"mous, Ca"moys, a. Etym: [F. camus (equiv. to camard) flat-nosed,
fr. Celtic Cam croked + suff. -us; akin to L. camur, camurus,
croked.]

Defn: Flat; depressed; crooked; -- said only of the nose. [Obs.]

CAMOUSED
Ca"moused, (, a. Etym: [From Camouse]

Defn: Depressed; flattened. [Obs.]
Though my nose be cammoused. B. Jonson

CAMOUSLY
Ca"mous*ly, adv.

Defn: Awry. [Obs.] Skelton.

CAMP
Camp, n. Etym: [F. camp, It. campo, fr. L. campus plant, fleld; akin
to Gr. Campaing, Champ, n.]

1. The ground or spot on which tents, huts, etc., are erected for
shelter, as for an army or for lumbermen, etc. Shzk.

2. A collection of tents, huts, etc., for shelter, commonly arranged
in an orderly manner.
Forming a camp in the neighborhood of Boston. W. Irving.

3. A single hut or shelter; as, a hunter's camp.

4. The company or body of persons encamped, as of soldiers, of
surveyors, of lumbermen, etc.
The camp broke up with the confusion of a flight. Macaulay.

5. (Agric.)

Defn: A mound of earth in which potatoes and other vegetables are
stored for protection against frost; -- called also burrow and pie.
[Prov. Eng.]

6. Etym: [Cf. OE. & AS. camp contest, battle. See champion.]

Defn: An ancient game of football, played in some parts of England.
Halliwell. Camp bedstead, a light bedstead that can be folded up onto
a small space for easy transportation.
 -- camp ceiling (Arch.), a kind ceiling often used in attics or
garrets, in which the side walls are inclined inward at the top,
following the slope of the rafters, to meet the plane surface of the
upper ceiling.
 -- Camp chair, a light chair that can be folded up compactly for
easy transportation; the seat and back are often made of strips or
pieces of carpet.
 -- Camp fever, typhus fever.
 -- Camp follower, a civilian accompanying an army, as a sutler,
servant, etc.
 -- Camp meeting, a religious gathering for open-air preaching, held
in some retired spot, chiefty by Methodists. It usualy last for
several days, during which those present lodge in tents, temporary
houses, or cottages.
 -- Camp stool, the same as camp chair, except that the stool has no
back.
 -- Flying camp (Mil.), a camp or body of troops formed for rapid
motion from one place to another. Farrow.
 -- To pitch (a) camp, to set up the tents or huts of a camp.
 -- To strike camp, to take down the tents or huts of a camp.

CAMP
Camp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Camped; p. pr. & vb n. Camping.]

Defn: To afford rest or lodging for, as an army or travelers.
Had our great palace the capacity To camp this host, we all would sup
together. Shak.

CAMP
Camp, v. i.

1. To pitch or prepare a camp; to encamp; to lodge in a camp; --
often with out.
They camped out at night, under the stars. W. Irving.

2. Etym: [See Camp, n., 6]

Defn: To play the game called camp. [Prov. Eng.] Tusser.

CAMPAGNA
Cam*pa"gna, n. Etym: [It. See Campaing.]

Defn: An open level tract of country; especially "Campagna di Roma."
The extensive undulating plain which surrounds Rome.

Note: Its length is commonly stated to be about ninety miles, and its
breadth from twenty-seven to forty miles. The ground is almost
entirely volcanic, and vapors which arise from the district produce
malaria.

CAMPAGNOL
Cam`pa`gnol", n. Etym: [F. , fr. campagne field.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mouse (Arvicala agrestis), called also meadow mouse, which
often does great damage in fields and gardens, by feeding on roots
and seeds.

CAMPAIGN
Cam*paign", n. Etym: [F. campagne, It. campagna, fr. L. Campania the
level country about Naples, fr. campus field. See Camp, and cf.
Champaign, Champagne.]

1. An open field; a large, open plain without considerable hills.
SeeChampaign. Grath.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A connected series of military operations forming a distinct
stage in a war; the time during which an army keeps the field.
Wilhelm.

3. Political operations preceding an election; a canvass. [Cant, U.
S.]

4. (Metal.)

Defn: The period during which a blast furnace is continuously in
operation.

CAMPAIGN
Cam*paign", v. i.

Defn: To serve in a campaign.

CAMPAIGNER
Cam*paign"er, n.

Defn: One who has served in an army in several campaigns; an old
soldier; a veteran.

CAMPANA
Cam*pa"na, n. Etym: [LL. campana bell. Cf. Campanle.]

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: A church bell.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The pasque flower. Drayton.

3. (Doric Arch.)

Defn: Same as Gutta.

CAMPANED
Cam*paned", a. (Her.)

Defn: Furnished with, or bearing, campanes, or bells.

CAMPANERO
Cam`pa*ne"ro, n. Etym: [Sp., a bellman.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bellbird of South America. See Bellbird.

CAMPANES
Cam*panes", n. pl. Etym: [See Campana.] (Her.)

Defn: Bells. [R.]

CAMPANIA
Cam*pa"ni*a, n. Etym: [See Campaig.]

Defn: Open country. Sir W. Temple.

CAMPANIFORM
Cam*pan"i*form, a. Etym: [LL. campana bell + -form: cf. F.
companiforme.]

Defn: Bell-shaped.

CAMPANILE
Cam`pa*ni"le, n. Etym: [It. campanile bell tower, steeple, fr. It. &
LL. campana bell.] (Arch.)

Defn: A bell tower, esp. one built separate from a church.
Many of the campaniles od Italy are lofty and magnificent atructures.
Swift.

CAMPANILIFORM
Cam`pa*nil"i*form, a. Etym: [See Campaniform.]

Defn: Bell-shaped; campanulate; campaniform.

CAMPANOLOGIST
Cam`pa*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One skilled in campanology; a bell ringer.

CAMPANOLOGY
Cam`pa*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [LL. campana bell _ -logy.]

Defn: The art of ringing bells, or a treatise on the art.

CAMPANULA
Cam*pan"u*la, n. Etym: [LL. campanula a little bell; dim. of campana
bell.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large genus of plants bearing bell-shaped flowers, often of
great beauty; -- also called bellflower.

CAMPANULACEOUS
Cam*pan`u*la"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants
(Camponulaceæ) of which Campanula is the type, and which includes the
Canterbury bell, the harebell, and the Venus's looking-glass.

CAMPANULARIAN
Cam*pan`u*la"ri*an, n. Etym: [L. campanula a bell.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hydroid of the family ampanularidæ, characterized by having
the polyps or zooids inclosed in bell-shaped calicles or hydrothecæ.

CAMPANULATE
Cam*pan"u*late, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Bell-shaped.

CAMPBELLITE
Camp"bell*ite, n. Etym: [From Alexander Campbell, of Virginia.]
(Eccl.)

Defn: A member of the denomination called Christians or Disciples of
Christ. They themselves repudiate the term Campbellite as a nickname.
See Christian, 3.

CAMPEACHY WOOD
Cam*peach"y Wood`. Etym: [From the bay of Campeachy, in Mexico.]

Defn: Logwood.

CAMPER
Camp"er, n.

Defn: One who lodges temporarily in a hut or camp.

CAMPESTRAL; CAMPESTRIAN
Cam*pes"tral, Cam*pes"tri*an, a. Etym: [L. campester, fr. campus
field.]

Defn: Relating to an open fields; drowing in a field; growing in a
field, or open ground.

CAMPFIGHT
Camp"fight`, n. Etym: [Cf. Camp, n., 6.] (O. Eng. Law.)

Defn: A duel; the decision of a case by a duel.

CAMPHENE
Cam"phene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of substances C10H16, resembling camphor,
regarded as modified terpenes.

CAMPHINE
Cam*phine", n. Etym: [From Camphor.]

Defn: Rectified oil of turpentine, used for burning in lamps, and as
a common solvent in varnishes.

Note: The name is also applied to a mixture of this substance with
three times its volume of alcohol and sometimes a little ether, used
as an illuminant.

CAMPHIRE
Cam"phire, n.

Defn: An old spelling of Camphor.

CAMPHOGEN
Cam"pho*gen, n. Etym: [Camphor + -gen: -- formerly so called as
derived from camphor: cf. F. camphogène.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Cymene.

CAMPHOL
Cam"phol, n. Etym: [Camphol + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Borneol.

CAMPHOR
Cam"phor, n. Etym: [OE. camfere, F. camphre (cf. It. camfara, Sp.
camfara, alcanfor, LL. camfora, camphara, NGr. kafur, prob. fr. Skr.
karpura.]

1. A tough, white, aromatic resin, or gum, obtained from different
species of the Laurus family, esp. from Cinnamomum camphara (the
Laurus camphara of Linnæus.). Camphor, C10H16O, is volatile and
fragrant, and is used in medicine as a diaphoretic, a stimulant, or
sedative.

2. A gum resembing ordinary camphor, obtained from a tree
(Dryobalanops camphora) growing in Sumatra and Borneo; -- called also
Malay camphor, camphor of Borneo, or borneol. See Borneol.

Note: The name camphor is also applied to a number of bodies of
similar appearance and properties, as cedar camphor, obtained from
the red or pencil cedar (Juniperus Virginiana), and peppermint
camphor, or menthol, obtained from the oil of peppermint. Camphor oil
(Chem.), name variously given to certain oil-like products, obtained
especially from the camphor tree.
 -- Camphor tree, a large evergreen tree (Cinnamomum Camphora) with
lax, smooth branches and shining triple-nerved lanceolate leaves,
probably native in China, but now cultivated in most warm countries.
Camphor is collected by a process of steaming the chips of the wood
and subliming the product.

CAMPHOR
Cam"phor, v. t.

Defn: To impregnate or wash with camphor; to camphorate. [R.] Tatler.

CAMPHORACEOUS
Cam`pho*ra"ceous, a.

Defn: Of the nature of camphor; containing camphor. Dunglison.

CAMPHORATE
Cam"phor*ate, v. t.

Defn: To impregnate or treat with camphor.

CAMPHORATE
Cam"phor*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. camphorate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of camphoric acid.

CAMPHORATE; CAMPORATED
Cam"phor*ate, Cam"por*a`ted,

Defn: Combined or impregnated with camphor. Camphorated oil, an
oleaginous preparation containing camphor, much used as an
embrocation.

CAMPHORIC
Cam*phor"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. camphorique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, camphor. Camphoric acid, a
white crystallizable substance, C10H16O4, obtained from the oxidation
of camphor.

Note: Other acid of camphor are campholic acid, C10H18O2, and
camphoronic acid, C9H12O5, white crystallizable substances.

CAMPHRETIC
Cam*phret"ic, a. Etym: [rom Camphor.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from camphor. [R.]

CAMPING
Camp"ing, n.

1. Lodging in a camp.

2. Etym: [See Camp, n., 6]

Defn: A game of football. [Prov. Eng.]

CAMPION
Cam"pi*on, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. L. campus field.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the Pink family (Cucubalus bacciferus), bearing
berries regarded as poisonous. Bladder campion, a plant of the Pink
family (Cucubalus Behen or Silene inflata), having a much inflated
calyx. See Behen.
 -- Rose campion, a garden plant (Lychnis coronaria) with handsome
crimsome crimson flowers.

CAMPUS
Cam"pus, n. Etym: [L., a field.]

Defn: The principal grounds of a college or school, between the
buildings or within the main inclosure; as, the college campus.

CAMPYLOSPERMOUS
Cam`py*lo*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having seeds grooved lengthwise on the inner face, as in sweet
cicely.

CAMPYLOTROPOUS
Cam`py*lot"ro*pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the ovules and seeds so curved, or bent down upon
themselves, that the ends of the embryo are brought close together.

CAMUS
Cam"us, n.

Defn: See Camis. [Obs.]

CAMWOOD
Cam"wood, n.

Defn: See Barwood.

CAN
Can,

Defn: an obs. form of began, imp. & p. p. of Begin, sometimes used in
old poetry.

Note: [See Gan.]
With gentle words he can faile gree. Spenser.

CAN
Can, n. Etym: [OE. & AS. canne; akin to D. Kan, G. Kanne, OHG.
channa, Sw. Kanna, Dan. kande.]

1. A drinking cup; a vessel for holding liquids. [Shak. ]
Fill the cup and fill can, Have a rouse before the morn. Tennyson.

2. A vessel or case of tinned iron or of sheet metal, of various
forms, but usually cylindrical; as, a can of tomatoes; an oil can; a
milk can.

Note: A can may be a cylinder open at the top, as for receiving the
sliver from a carding machine, or with a removable cover or stopper,
as for holding tea, spices, milk, oysters, etc., or with handle and
spout, as for holding oil, or hermetically sealed, in canning meats,
fruits, etc. The name is also sometimes given to the small glass or
earthenware jar used in canning.

CAN
Can, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Canned; p. pr. &vb. n. Canning.]

Defn: To preserve by putting in sealed cans [U. S.] "Canned meats" W.
D. Howells. Canned goods, a general name for fruit, vegetables, meat,
or fish, preserved in hermetically sealed cans.

CAN
Can, v. t. & i.

Note: [The transitive use is obsolete.] [imp. Could.] Etym: [OE.
cunnen, cannen (1st sing. pres. I can), to know, know how, be able,
AS. cunnan, 1st sing. pres. ic cann or can, pl. cunnon, 1st sing.
imp. cu\'ebe (for cunthe); p. p. cu\'eb (for cunth); akin to OS.
Kunnan, D. Kunnen, OHG. chunnan, G. können, Icel. kunna, Goth.
Kunnan, and E. ken to know. The present tense I can (AS. ic cann) was
originally a preterit, meaning I have known or Learned, and hence I
know, know how. *45. See Ken, Know; cf. Con, Cunning, Uncouth.]

1. To know; to understand. [Obs.]
I can rimes of Rodin Hood. Piers Plowman.
I can no Latin, quod she. Piers Plowman.
Let the priest in surplice white, That defunctive music can. Shak.

2. To be able to do; to have power or influence. [Obs.]
The will of Him who all things can. Milton.
For what, alas, can these my single arms Shak.
Mæcænas and Agrippa, who can most with Cæsar. Beau. & Fl.

3. To be able; -- followed by an infinitive without to; as, I can go,
but do not wish to.

Syn.
 -- Can but, Can not but. It is an error to use the former of these
phrases where the sens requires the latter. If we say, "I can but
perish if I go," "But" means only, and denotes that this is all or
the worst that can happen. When the apostle Peter said. "We can not
but speak of the things which we have seen and heard." he referred to
a moral constraint or necessety which rested upon him and his
associates; and the meaning was, We cannot help speaking, We cannot
refrain from speaking. This idea of a moral necessity or constraint
is of frequent occurrence, and is also expressed in the phrase, "I
can not help it." Thus we say. "I can not but hope," "I can not but
believe," "I can not but think," "I can not but remark," etc., in
cases in which it would be an error to use the phrase can but.
Yet he could not but acknowledge to himself that there was something
calculated to impress awe, . . . in the sudden appearances and
vanishings . . . of the masque De Quincey.
Tom felt that this was a rebuff for him, and could not but understand
it as a left-handed hit at his employer. Dickens.

CANAANITE
Ca"naan*ite, n.

1. A descendant of Canaan, the son of Ham, and grandson of Noah.

2. A Native or inbabitant of the land of Canaan, esp. a member of any
of the tribes who inhabited Canaan at the time of the exodus of the
Israelites from Egypt.

CANAANITE
Ca"naan*ite, n. Etym: [From an Aramaic word signifying "zeal."]

Defn: A zealot. "Simon the Canaanite." Matt. x. 4.

Note: This was the "Simon called Zelotes" (Luke vi. 15), i.e., Simon
the zealot. Kitto.

CANAANITISH
Ca"naan*i`tish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Canaan or the Canaanites.

CANADA; CANYADA
Ca*ña"da, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A small cañon; a narrow valley or glen; also, but less
frequently, an open valley. [Local, Western U. S.]

CANADA
Can"a*da, n.

Defn: A British province in North America, giving its name to various
plants and animals. Canada balsam. See under Balsam.
 -- Canada goose. (Zoöl.) See Whisky Jack.
 -- Canada lynx. (Zoöl.) See Lynx.
 -- Canada porcupine (Zoöl.) See Porcupine, and Urson.
 -- Canada rice (Bot.) See under Rick.
 -- Canada robin (Zoöl.), the cedar bird.

CANADIAN
Ca*na"di*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Canada.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Canada. Canadian period (Geol.), A
subdivision of the American Lower Silurian system embracing the
calciferous, Quebec, and Chazy epochs. This period immediately
follows the primordial or Cambrian period, and is by many geologists
regarded as the beginning of the Silurian age, See the Diagram, under
Geology.

CANAILLE
Ca*naille", n. Etym: [F. canaille (cf. It. canaglia), prop. and orig.
a pack of dogs, fr. L. Canis dog.]

1. The lowest class of people; the rabble; the vulgar.

2. Shorts or inferior flour. [Canadian]

CANAKIN
Can"a*kin, n. Etym: [Dim. of can.]

Defn: A little can or cup. "And let me the canakin clink." Shak.

CANAL
Ca*nal", n. Etym: [F. canal, from L. canalis canal, channel; prob.
from a root signifying "to cut"; cf. D. kanaal, fr. the French. Cf.
Channel, Kennel gutter.]

1. An artificial channel filled with water and designed for
navigation, or for irrigating land, etc.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A tube or duct; as, the alimentary canal; the semicircular
canals of the ear. Canal boat, a boat for use on a canal; esp. one of
peculiar shape, carrying freight, and drawn by horses walking on the
towpath beside the canal. Canal lock. See Lock.

CANAL COAL
Can"al coal`.

Defn: See Cannel coal.

CANALICULATE; CANALICULATED
Can`a*lic"u*late, Can`a*lic"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. canaliculatus
channeled, fr. canaliculus, dim. of canalis. See Canal.]

Defn: Having a channel or groove, as in the leafstalks of most palms.

CANALICULUS
Can`a*lic"u*lus, n.; pl. Canaliculi. Etym: [L.] (Anat.)

Defn: A minute canal.

CANALIZATION
Ca*nal`i*za"tion, n.

Defn: Construction of, or furnishing with, a canal or canals. [R.]

CANAPE
Ca`na`pé", n. [F., orig. a couch with mosquito curtains. See Canopy.]

1. A sofa or divan.

2.  (Cookery) A slice or piece of bread fried in butter or oil, on
which anchovies, mushrooms, etc., are served.

CANAPE CONFIDENT
Ca`na`pé" con`fi`dent".

Defn: A sofa having a seat at each end at right angles to the main
seats.

CANARD
Ca*nard", n. Etym: [F., properly, a duck.]

Defn: An extravagant or absurd report or story; a fabricated
sensational report or statement; esp. one set afloat in the
newspapers to hoax the public.

CANARESE
Can`a*rese", a.

Defn: Pertaining to Canara, a district of British India.

CANARY
Ca*na"ry, a. Etym: [F. Canarie, L. Canaria insula one of the Canary
islands, said to be so called from its large dogs, fr. canis dog.]

1. Of or pertaining to the Canary Islands; as, canary wine; canary
birds.

2. Of a pale yellowish color; as, Canary stone. Canary grass, a grass
of the genus Phalaris (P. Canariensis), producing the seed used as
food for canary birds.
 -- Canary stone (Min.), a yellow species of carnelian, named from
its resemblance in color to the plumage of the canary bird.
 -- Canary wood, the beautiful wood of the trees Persea Indica and P.
Canariensis, natives of Madeira and the Canary Islands.
 -- Canary vine. See Canary bird flower, under Canary bird.

CANARY
Ca*na"ry, n.; pl. Canaries.

1. Wine made in the Canary Islands; sack. "A cup of canary." Shak.

2. A canary bird.

3. A pale yellow color, like that of a canary bird.

4. A quick and lively dance. [Obs.]
Make you dance canary With sprightly fire and motion. Shak.

CANARY
Ca*na"ry, v. i.

Defn: To perform the canary dance; to move nimbly; to caper. [Obs.]
But to jig of a tune at the tongue's end, canary to it with your
feet. Shak.
CANARY BIRD
Ca*na"ry bird`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small singing bird of the Finch family (Serinus Canarius), a
native of the Canary Islands. It was brought to Europe in the 16th
century, and made a household pet. It generally has a yellowish body
with the wings and tail greenish, but in its wild state it is more
frequently of gray or brown color. It is sometimes called canary
finch.canary.

Canary bird flower (Bot.), a climbing plant (Tropæolum peregrinum)
with canary-colored flowers of peculiar form; -- called also canary
vine.

CANASTER
Ca*nas"ter, n. Etym: [Sp. canasta, canastro, basket, fr. L.
canistrum. See Canister.]

Defn: A kind of tobacco for smoking, made of the dried leaves,
coarsely broken; -- so called from the rush baskets in which it is
packed in South America. McElrath.

CAN BUOY
Can" buoy`.

Defn: See under Buoy, n.

CANCAN
Can"can, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A rollicking French dance, accompanied by indecorous or
extravagant postures and gestures.

CANCEL
Can"cel, v. i. [Imp. & p. p. Canceled or Cancelled (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Canceling or Cancelling.] Etym: [L. cancellare to make like a
lattice, to strike or cross out (cf. Fr. canceller, OF. canceler) fr.
cancelli lattice, crossbars, dim. of cancer lattice; cf. Gr.
Chancel.]

1. To inclose or surround, as with a railing, or with latticework.
[Obs.]
A little obscure place canceled in with iron work is the pillar or
stump at which . . . our Savior was scourged. Evelyn.

2. To shut out, as with a railing or with latticework; to exclude.
[Obs.] "Canceled from heaven." Milton.

3. To cross and deface, as the lines of a writing, or as a word or
figure; to mark out by a cross line; to blot out or obliterate.
A deed may be avoided by delivering it up to be cancelled; that is,
to have lines drawn over it in the form of latticework or cancelli;
the phrase is now used figuratively for any manner of obliterating or
defacing it. Blackstone.

4. To annul or destroy; to revoke or recall.
The indentures were canceled. Thackeray.
He was unwilling to cancel the interest created through former secret
services, by being refractory on this occasion. Sir W. Scott.

5. (Print.)

Defn: To suppress or omit; to strike out, as matter in type. Canceled
figures (Print), figures cast with a line across the face., as for
use in arithmetics.

Syn.
 -- To blot out; Obliterate; deface; erase; efface; expunge; annul;
abolish; revoke; abrogate; repeal; destroy; do away; set aside. See
Abolish.

CANCEL
Can"cel, n. Etym: [See Cancel, v. i., and cf. Chancel.]

1. An inclosure; a boundary; a limit. [Obs.]
A prison is but a retirement, and opportunity of serious thoughts, to
a person whose spirit . . . desires no enlargement beyond the cancels
of the body. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Print)
(a) The suppression on striking out of matter in type, or of a
printed page or pages.
(b) The part thus suppressed.

CANCELIER
Can`cel*ier", v. i. Etym: [F. chanceler, OF. canseler, to waver,
orig. to cross the legs so as not to fall; from the same word as E.
cancel.] (Falconry)

Defn: To turn in flight; -- said of a hawk. [Obs.] Nares.
He makes his stoop; but wanting breath, is forced To cancelier.
Massinger.

CANCELIER; CANCELEER
Can`cel*ier", Can"cel*eer, n. (Falconry)

Defn: The turn of a hawk upon the wing to recover herself, when she
misses her aim in the stoop. [Obs.]
The fierce and eager hawks, down thrilling from the skies, Make
sundry canceliers are they the fowl can reach. Drayton.

CANCELLAREAN
Can`cel*la"re*an, a.

Defn: Cancellarean. [R.]

CANCELLATE
Can"cel*late, a. Etym: [L. cancellatus, p. p. of cancellare, See
Cancel, v. t.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Consisting of a network of veins, without intermediate
parenchyma, as the leaves of certain plant; latticelike.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the surface coveres with raised lines, crossing at right
angles.

CANCELLATED
Can"cel*la`ted, a.

1. Crossbarres; marked with cross lines. Grew.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Open or spongy, as some porous bones.

CANCELLATION
Can`cel*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. cancellatio: cf. F. cancellation.]

1. The act, process, or result of canceling; as, the cansellation of
certain words in a contract, or of the contract itself.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The operation of striking out common factora, in both the
dividend and divisor.

CANCELLI
Can*cel"li, n. pl. Etym: [L., a lattice. See Cancel, v. t.]

1. An interwoven or latticed wall or inclosure; latticework, rails,
or crossbars, as around the bar of a court of justice, between the
chancel and the have of a church, or in a window.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The interlacing osseous plates constituting the elastic porous
tissue of certain parts of the bones, esp. in their articular
extremities.

CANCELLOUS
Can"cel*lous, a. Etym: [Cf. L. cancellosus covered with bars.]
(Anat.)

Defn: Having a spongy or porous stracture; made up of cancelli;
cancellated; as, the cancellous texture of parts of many bones.

CANCER
Can"cer, n. Etym: [L. cancer, cancri, crab, ulcer, a sign of the
zodiac; akin to Gr. karka crab, and prob. Skr. karkara hard, the crab
being named from its hard shell. Cf. Canner, Chancre.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of decapod Crustacea, including some of the most common
shore crabs of Europe and North America, as the rock crab, Jonah
crab, etc. See Crab.

2. (Astron.)
(a) The fourth of the twelve signs of the zodiac. The first point is
the northern limit of the sun's course in summer; hence, the sign of
the summer solstice. See Tropic.
(b) A northern constellation between Gemini and Leo.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Formerly, any malignant growth, esp. one attended with great
pain and ulceration, with cachexia and progressive emaciation. It was
so called, perhaps, from the great veins which surround it, compared
by the ancients to the claws of a crab. The term it now restricted to
such a growth made up of aggregations of epithelial cells, either
without support or embedded in the meshes of a trabecular framework.

Note: Four kinds of cancers are recognized: (1) Epithelial cancer, or
Epithelioma, in which there is no trabecular framework. See
Epithelioma. (2) Scirrhous cancer, or Hard cancer, in which the
framework predominates, and the tumor is of hard consistence and slow
growth. (3) Encephaloid, Medullary, or Soft cancer, in which the
cellular element predominates, and the tumor is soft, grows rapidy,
and often ulcerates. (4) Colloid cancer, in which the cancerous
structure becomes gelatinous. The last three varieties are also
called carcinoma. Cancer cells, cells once believed to be peculiar to
cancers, but now know to be epithelial cells differing in no respect
from those found elsewhere in the body, and distinguished only by
peculiarity of location and grouping.
 -- Cancer root (Bot.), the name of several low plants, mostly
parasitic on roots, as the beech drops, the squawroot, etc.
 -- Tropic of Cancer. See Tropic.

CANCERATE
Can"cer*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cancerated.] Etym: [LL. canceratus
eaten by a cancer. See Cancer.]

Defn: To grow into a canser; to become cancerous. Boyle.

CANCERATION
Can`cer*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act or state of becoming cancerous or growing into a
cancer.

CANCERITE
Can"cer*ite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cancéreux.]

Defn: Like a cancer; having the qualities or virulence of a cancer;
affected with cancer. "Cancerous vices." G. Eliot.
 -- Can"cer*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Can"cer*ous*ness, n.

CANCEROUS
Can"cer*ous, a. [Cf. F. cancéreux]

Defn: Like a cancer; having the qualities or virulence of a cancer;
affected with cancer. "cancerous vices" G. Eliot.
[1913 Webster]

-- Can"cer*ous*ly, adv. --Can"cer*ous*ness, n.

CANCRIFORM
Can"cri*form, a. Etym: [Cancer + -form; cf. F. cancriforme.]

1. Having the form of, or resembling, a crab; crab-shaped.

2. Like a cancer; cancerous.

CANCRINE
Can"crine, a. Etym: [From Cancer.]

Defn: Having the qualities of a crab; crablike.

CANCRINITE
Can"cri*nite, n. Etym: [Named after Count Cancrin, a minister of
finance in Russia.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in hexagonal crystals, also massive,
generally of a yellow color, containing silica, alumina, lime, soda,
and carbon dioxide.

CANCROID
Can"croid, a. Etym: [Cancer + oid.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling a crab; pertaining to the Cancroidea, one of the
families of crabs, including the genus Cancer.

2. Like a cancer; as, a cancroid tumor.

CAND
Cand, n.

Defn: Fluor spar. See Kand.

CANDELABRUM
Can`de*la"brum n.; pl. L. Candelabra, E. Candelabrums. Etym: [L., fr.
candela candle. See candle.]

1. (Antiq.)
(a) A lamp stand of any sort.
(b) A highly ornamented stand of marble or other ponderous material,
usually having three feet, -- frequently a votive offering to a
temple.

2. A large candlestick, having several branches.

CANDENT
Can`dent, a. Etym: [L. candens, p. pr. of candëre to glitter. See
Candid.]

Defn: Heated to whiteness; glowing with heat. "A candent vessel."
Boyle.

CANDEROS
Can"de*ros, n.

Defn: An East Indian resin, of a pellucid white color, from which
small ornaments and toys are sometimes made.

CANDESCENCE
Can*des"cence, n.

Defn: See Inclandescence.

CANDESCENT
Can*des"cent, a. [L. candescens, -entis, p. pr. of candescere, v.
incho. fr. candere to shine.]

Defn: Glowing; luminous; incandescent.

CANDICANT
Can"di*cant, a. Etym: [L. candicans, p. pr. of candicare to be
whitish.]

Defn: Growing white. [Obs.]

CANDID
Can*did, a. Etym: [F. candide (cf. It. candido), L. candidus white,
fr. candëre to be of a glowing white; akin to accend, incend, to set
on fire, Skr. chand to shane. Cf. Candle, Incense.]

1. White. [Obs.]
The box receives all black; but poured from thence, The stones came
candid forth, the hue of innocence. Dryden.

2. Free from undue bias; disposed to think and judge according to
truth and justice, or without partiality or prejudice; fair; just;
impartial; as, a candid opinion. "Candid and dispassionate men." W.
Irving.

3. Open; frank; ingenuous; outspoken.

Syn.
 -- Fair; open; ingenuous; impartial; just; frank; artless; unbiased;
equitable.
 -- Candid, Fair, Open, Frank, Ingenuous. A man is fair when he puts
things on a just or equitable footing; he is candid when be looks
impartially on both sides of a subject, doing justice especially to
the motives and conduct of an opponent; he is open and frank when he
declares his sentiments without reserve; he is ingenuous when he does
this from a noble regard for truth. Fair dealing; candid
investigation; an open temper; a frank disposition; an ingenuous
answer or declaration.

CANDIDACY
Can"di*da*cy, n.

Defn: The position of a candidate; state of being a candidate;
candidateship.

CANDIDATE
Can"di*date, n. Etym: [L. Candidatus, n. (because candidates for
office in Rome were clothed in a white toga.) fr. candidatus clothed
in white, fr. candiduslittering, white: cf. F. candidat.]

Defn: One who offers himself, or is put forward by others, as a
suitable person or an aspirant or contestant for an office,
privilege, or honor; as, a candidate for the office of governor; a
candidate for holy orders; a candidate for scholastic honors.

CANDIDATESHIP
Can"di*date*ship, n.

Defn: Candidacy.

CANDIDATING
Can"di*da`ting, n.

Defn: The taking of the position of a candidate; specifically, the
preaching of a clergyman with a view to settlement. [Cant, U. S.]

CANDIDATURE
Can"di*da*ture, n.

Defn: Candidacy.

CANDIDLY
Can"did*ly, adv.

Defn: In a candid manner.

CANDIDNESS
Can"did*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being candid.

CANDIED
Can"died, a. Etym: [From 1st Candy.]

1. Preserved in or with sugar; incrusted with a candylike substance;
as, candied fruits.

2.
(a) Converted wholly or partially into sugar or candy; as candied
sirup.
(b) Conted or more or less with sugar; as, candidied raisins.
(c) Figuratively; Honeyed; sweet; flattering.
Let the candied tongue lick absurd pomp. Shak.

3. Covered or incrusted with that which resembles sugar or candy.
Will the cold brook, Candiedwith ice, caudle thy morning tast Shak.

CANDIFY
Can"di*fy, v. t. or v. i. Etym: [L. candificare; candëre to be white
+ -facere to make.]

Defn: To make or become white, or candied. [R.]

CANDIOT
Can"di*ot, a. Etym: [Cf. F. candiote.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Candia; Cretary.

CANDITE
Can"dite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of spinel, of a dark color, found at Candy, in
Ceylon.

CANDLE
Can"dle, n. Etym: [OE. candel, candel, AS, candel, fr. L. candela a
(white) light made of wax or tallow, fr. candëre to be white. See
Candid, and cf. Chandler, Cannel, Kindle.]

1. A slender, cylindrical body of tallow, containing a wick composed
of loosely twisted linen of cotton threads, and used to furnish
light.
How far that little candle throws his beams! So shines a good deed in
a naughty world. Shak.

Note: Candles are usually made by repeatedly dipping the wicks in the
melted tallow, etc. ("dipped candles"), or by casting or running in a
mold.

2. That which gives light; a luminary.
By these blessed candles of the night. Shak.
Candle nut, the fruit of a euphorbiaceous shrub (Aleurites triloba),
a native of some of the Pacific islands; -- socalled because, when
dry, it will burn with a bright flame, and is used by the natives as
a candle. The oil has many uses.
 -- Candle power (Photom.), illuminating power, as of a lamp, or gas
flame, reckoned in terms of the light of a standard candle. Electric
candle, A modification of the electric arc lamp, in which the carbon
rods, instead of being placed end to end, are arranged side by side,
and at a distance suitable for the formation of the arc at the tip; -
- called also, from the name of the inventor, Jablockoff candle.
 -- Excommunication by inch of candle, a form of excommunication in
which the offender is allowed time to repent only while a candle
burns.
 -- Not worth the candle, not worth the cost or trouble.
 -- Rush candle, a candle made of the pith of certain rushes, peeled
except on one side, and dipped in grease.
 -- Sale by inch of candle, an auction in which persons are allowed
to bid only till a small piece of candle burns out.
 -- Standard candle (Photom.), a special form of candle employed as a
standard in photometric measurements; usually, a candle of spermaceti
so constructed as to burn at the rate of 120 grains, or 7.8 grams,
per hour.
 -- To curse by bell, book and candle. See under Bell.

CANDLEBERRY TREE
Can"dle*ber`ry tree. (Bot.)

Defn: A shrub (the Myrica cerifera, or wax-bearing myrtle), common in
North America, the little nuts of which are covered with a greenish
white wax, which was formerly, used for hardening candles; -- also
called bayberry tree, bayberry, or candleberry.

CANDLEBOMB
Can"dle*bomb`, n.

1. A small glass bubble, filled with water, which, if placed in the
flame of a candle, bursts by expansion of steam.

2. A pasteboard shell used in signaling. It is filled with a
composition which makes a brilliant light when it explodes. Farrow.

CANDLE COAL
Can"dle coal`.

Defn: See Cannel coal.

CANDLEFISH
Can"dle*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A marine fish (Thaleichthys Pacificus), allied to the smelt,
found on the north Pacific coast; -- called also eulachon. It is so
oily that, when dried, it may be used as a candle, by drawing a wick
through it.
(b) The beshow.

CANDLE FOOT
Candle foot. (Photom.)

Defn: The illumination produced by a British standard candle at a
distance of one foot; --used as a unit of illumination.

CANDLEHOLDER
Can"dle*hold`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, holds a candle; also, one who assists
another, but is otherwise not of importance. Shak.

CANDLELIGHT
Can"dle*light`, n.

Defn: The light of a candle.
Never went by candlelight to bed. Dryden.

CANDLEMAS
Can"dle*mas, n. Etym: [AS. candelmæsse, candel candle _ mæsse mass.]

Defn: The second day of February, on which is celebrated the feast of
the Purification of the Virgin Mary; -- so called because the candles
for the altar or other sacred uses are blessed on that day.

CANDLE METER
Candle meter. (Photom.)

Defn: The illumination given by a standard candle at a distance of
one meter; -- used as a unit of illumination, except in Great
Britain.

CANDLENUT
Can"dle*nut`, n.

1. The fruit of a euphorbiaceous tree or shrub (Aleurites moluccana),
native of some of the Pacific islands. It is used by the natives as a
candle. The oil from the nut ( candlenut, or kekune, oil) has many
uses.

2.  The tree itself.

CANDLEPIN
Can`dle*pin`, n. (Tenpins)
 (a) A form of pin slender and nearly straight like a candle.
 (b) The game played with such pins; -- in form candlepins, used as a
singular.

CANDLE POWER
Candle power. (Photom.)

Defn: Illuminating power, as of a lamp, or gas flame, reckoned in
terms of the light of a standard candle.

CANDLESTICK
Can"dle*stick`, n. Etym: [AS. candel-sticca; candel candle + sticca
stick.]

Defn: An instrument or utensil for supporting a candle.

CANDLEWASTER
Can"dle*wast`er, n.

Defn: One who consumes candles by being up late for study or
dissipation.
A bookworm, a candlewaster. B. Jonson.

CANDOCK
Can"dock n. Etym: [Prob. fr. can + dock (the plant). Cf. G.
kannenkraut horsetail, lit. "canweed."] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant or weed that grows in rivers; a species of of
Equisetum; also, the yellow frog lily (Nuphar luteum).

CANDOR
Can"dor, n. [Written also candour.] Etym: [L. candor, fr. candëre;
cf. F. candeur. See candid.]

1. Whiteness; brightness; (as applied to moral conditions) usullied
purity; innocence. [Obs.]
Nor yor unquestioned integrity Shall e'er be sullied with one taint
or spot That may take from your innocence and candor. Massinger.

2. A disposition to treat subjects with fairness; freedom from
prejudice or disguise; frankness; sincerity.
Attribute superior sagacity and candor to those who held that side of
the question. Whewell.

CANDROY
Can"droy, n.

Defn: A machine for spreading out cotton cloths to prepare them for
printing.

CANDY
Can"dy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Candied; p. pr & vb. n. Candying.] Etym:
[F. candir (cf. It. candire, Sp. azúcar cande or candi), fr. Ar. &
Pers. qand, fr. Skr. Khan\'c8da piece, sugar in pieces or lumps, fr.
khan\'c8, khad to break.]

1. To conserve or boil in sugar; as, to candy fruits; to candy
ginger.

2. To make sugar crystals of or in; to form into a mass resembling
candy; as, to candy sirup.

3. To incrust with sugar or with candy, or with that which resembles
sugar or candy.
Those frosts that winter brings Which candy every green. Drayson.

CANDY
Can"dy, v. i.

1. To have sugar crystals form in or on; as, fruits preserved in
sugar candy after a time.

2. To be formed into candy; to solidify in a candylike form or mass.

CANDY
Can"dy n. Etym: [F. candi. See Candy, v. t.]

Defn: A more or less solid article of confectionery made by boiling
sugar or molasses to the desired consistency, and than crystallizing,
molding, or working in the required shape. It is often flavored or
colored, and sometimes contains fruit, nuts, etc.

CANDY
Candy, n. Etym: [Mahratta khan\'c8i, Tamil kan\'c8i.]

Defn: A weight, at Madras 500 pounds, at Bombay 560 pounds.

CANDYTUFT
Can"dy*tuft`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An annual plant of the genus Iberis, cultivated in gardens. The
name was originally given to the I. umbellata, first, discovered in
the island of Candia.

CANE
Cane, n. Etym: [OE. cane, canne, OF. cane, F. canne, L. canna, fr.
Gr. qaneh reed. Cf. Canister, canon, 1st Cannon.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) A name given to several peculiar palms, species of Calamus and
Dæmanorops, having very long, smooth flexible stems, commonly called
rattans.
(b) Any plant with long, hard, elastic stems, as reeds and bamboos of
many kinds; also, the sugar cane.
(c) Stems of other plants are sometimes called canes; as, the canes
of a raspberry.
Like light canes, that first rise big and brave. B. Jonson.

Note: In the Southern United States great cane is the Arundinaria
macrosperma, and small cane is. A. tecta.

2. A walking stick; a staff; -- so called because originally made of
one the species of cane.
Stir the fire with your master's cane. Swift.

3. A lance or dart made of cane. [R.]
Judgelike thou sitt'st, to praise or to arraign The flying skirmish
of the darted cane. Dryden.

4. A local European measure of length. See Canna. Cane borer (Zoö.),
A beetle (Oberea bimaculata) which, in the larval state, bores into
pith and destroy the canes or stalks of the raspberry, blackberry,
etc.
 -- Cane mill, a mill for grinding sugar canes, for the manufacture
of sugar.
 -- Cane trash, the crushed stalks and other refuse of sugar cane,
used for fuel, etc.

CANE
Cane, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caned; p. pr. & vb. n. Caning.]

1. To beat with a cane. Macaulay.

2. To make or furnish with cane or rattan; as, to cane chairs.

CANEBRAKE
Cane"brake, n.

Defn: A thicket of canes. Ellicott.

CANED
Caned, a. Etym: [Cf. L. canus white.]

Defn: Filled with white flakes; mothery; -- said vinegar when
containing mother. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

CANELLA
Ca*nel"la, n. Etym: [LL. (OE. canel, canelle, cinnamon, fr. F.
cannelle), Dim. of L. canna a reed. Canella is so called from the
shape of the rolls of prepared bark. See Cane.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees of the order Canellaceæ, growing in the West
Indies.

Note: The principal species is Canella alba, and its bark is a spice
and drug exported under the names of wild cinnamon and whitewood
bark.

CANESCENT
Ca*nes"cent, a. Etym: [L. canescens, p. pr. of canescere, v.
inchoative of canere to be white.]

Defn: Growing white, or assuming a color approaching to white.

CANGUE
Cangue (kang), n. [Written also cang.] [F. cangue, fr. Pg. canga
yoke.]

Defn: A very broad and heavy wooden collar which certain offenders in
China are compelled to wear as a punishment.

CAN HOOK
Can" hook`.

Defn: A device consisting of a short rope with flat hooks at each
end, for hoisting casks or barrels by the ends of the staves.

CANICULA; CANNICULA
Ca*nic"u*la, Can*nic"u*la, n. Etym: [L. canicula, lit., a little dog,
a dim of canis dog; cf. F. canicule.] (Astron.)

Defn: The Dog Star; Sirius.

CANICULAR
Ca*nic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. canicularis; cf. F. caniculaire.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or measured, by the rising of the Dog Star.
Canicular days, the dog days, See Dog days.
 -- Canicular year, the Egyptian year, computed from one heliacal
rising of the Dog Star to another.

CANICULE
Can"i*cule, n.

Defn: Canicula. Addison.

CANINAL
Ca*ni"nal, a.

Defn: See Canine, a.

CANINE
Ca*nine", a. Etym: [L. caninus, fr. canis dog: cf. F. canin. See
Hound.]

1. Of or pertaining to the family Canidæ, or dogs and wolves; having
the nature or qualities of a dog; like that or those of a dog.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pointed tooth on each side the
incisors. Canine appetite, a morbidly voracious appetite; bulimia.
 -- Canine letter, the letter r. See R.
 -- Canine madness, hydrophobia.
 -- Canine toth, a toth situated between the incisor and bicuspid
teeth, so called because well developen in dogs; usually, the third
tooth from the front on each side of each jaw; an eyetooth, or the
corresponding tooth in the lower jaw.

CANINE
Ca*nine", n. (Anat.)

Defn: A canine tooth.

CANIS
Ca"nis, n.; pl. Canes 3. Etym: [L., a dog.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of carnivorous mammals, of the family Canidæ, including
the dogs and wolves. Canis major Etym: [L., larger dog], a
constellation to the southeast of Orion, containing Sirius or the Dog
Star.
 -- Canis minor Etym: [L., smaller dog], a constellation to the east
of Orion, containing Procyon, a star of the first magnitude.

CANISTER
Can"is*ter, n. Etym: [L. canistrum a basket woven from reeds Gr.
canistre. See Cane, and Canaster.]

1. A small basket of rushes, or wilow twigs, etc.

2. A small box or case for holding tea, coffee, etc.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A kind of case shot for cannon, in which a number of lead or
iron balls in layers are inclosed in a case fitting the gun; --
called also canister shot,

CANKER
Can"ker, n. Etym: [OE. canker, cancre, AS. cancer (akin to D. kanker,
OHG chanchar.), fr. L. cancer a cancer; or if a native word, cf. Gr.
cancre, F. chancere, fr. L. cancer. See cancer, and cf. Chancre.]

1. A corroding or sloughing ulcer; esp. a spreading gangrenous ulcer
or collection of ulcers in or about the mouth; -- called also water
canker, canker of the mouth, and noma.

2. Anything which corrodes, corrupts, or destroy.
The cankers of envy and faction. Temple.

3. (Hort.)

Defn: A disease incident to trees, causing the bark to rot and fall
off.

4. (Far.)

Defn: An obstinate and often incurable disease of a horse's foot,
characterized by separation of the horny portion and the development
of fungoid growths; -- usually resulting from neglected thrush.

5. A kind of wild, worthless rose; the dog-rose.
To put down Richard, that sweet lovely rose. And plant this thorm,
this canker, Bolingbroke. Shak.
Black canker. See under Black.

CANKER
Can"ker, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cankered; p. pr. & vb. n. Cankering.]

1. To affect as a canker; to eat away; to corrode; to consune.
No lapse of moons can canker Love. Tennyson.

2. To infect or pollute; to corrupt. Addison.
A tithe purloined canker the whole estate. Herbert.

CANKER
Can"ker, v. i.

1. To waste away, grow rusty, or be oxidized, as a mineral. [Obs.]
Silvering will sully and canker more than gliding. Bacom.

2. To be or become diseased, or as if diseased, with canker; to grow
corrupt; to become venomous.
Deceit and cankered malice. Dryden.
As with age his body uglier grows, So his mind cankers. Shak.

CANKER-BIT
Can"ker-bit`, a.

Defn: Eaten out by canker, or as by canker. [Obs.]

CANKER BLOOM
Can"ker bloom`.

Defn: The bloom or blossom of the wild rose or dog-rose.

CANKER BLOSSOM
Can"ker blos`som.

Defn: That which blasts a blossom as a canker does. [Obs.]
O me! you juggler! you canker blossom! You thief of Love! Shak.

CANKERED
Can"kered, a.

1. Affected with canker; as, a cankered mouth.

2. Affected mentally or morally as with canker; sore, envenomed;
malignant; fretful; ill-natured. "A cankered grandam's will." Shak.

CANKEREDLY
Can"kered*ly, adv.

Defn: Fretfully; spitefully.

CANKER FLY
Can"ker fly`.

Defn: A fly that preys on fruit.

CANKEROUS
Can"ker*ous, a.

Defn: Affecting like a canker. "Canrerous shackles." Thomson.
Misdeem it not a cankerous change. Wordsworth.

CANKER RASH
Can"ker rash". (Med.)

Defn: A form of scarlet fever characterized by ulcerated or putrid
sore throat.

CANKERWORM
Can"ker*worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of two species of geometrid moths which are very
injurious to fruit and shade trees by eating, and often entirely
destroying, the foliage. Other similar larvæ are also called
cankerworms.

Note: The autumnal species (Anisopteryx pometaria) becomes adult late
in autumn (after frosts) and in winter. The spring species (A.
vernata) remains in the ground through the winter, and matures in
early spring. Both have winged males and wingless females. The larvæ
are similar in appearance and habits, and beling to the family of
measuring worms or spanworms. These larvæ hatch from the eggs when
the leaves being to expand in spring.

CANKERY
Can"ker*y, a.

1. Like a canker; full of canker.

2. Surly; sore; malignant.

CANNA
Can"na, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A measure of length in Italy, varying from six to seven feet.
See Cane, 4.

CANNA
Can"na, n. Etym: [L., a reed. See Cane.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tropical plants, with large leaves and often with
showy flowers. The Indian shot. (C. Indica) is found in gardens of
the northern United States.

CANNABENE
Can"na*bene, n. Etym: [From Cannabis.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless oil obtained from hemp dy distillation, and
possessing its intoxicating properties.

CANNABIN
Can"na*bin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A pisonous resin extracted from hemp (Cannabis sativa, variety
Indica). The narcotic effects of hasheesh are due to this resin.

CANNABINE
Can"na*bine, a. Etym: [L. cannabinus.]

Defn: Pertaining to hemp; hempen. [R.]

CANNABIS
Can"na*bis, n. Etym: [L., hemp. See Canvas.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of a single species belonging to the order Uricaceæ;
hemp. Cannabis Indica (, the Indian hemp, a powerful narcotic, now
considered a variety of the common hemp.

CANNEL COAL
Can"nel coal`. Etym: [Corrupt. fr. ndle coal.]

Defn: A kind of mineral coal of a black color, sufficiently hard and
solid to be cut and polished. It burns readily, with a clear, yellow
flame, and on this account has been used as a substitute for candles.

CANNELE
Can`ne*lé", n. [F., pop., fluted.] (Textiles)

Defn: A style of interweaving giving to fabrics a channeled or fluted
effect; also, a fabric woven so as to have this effect; a rep.

CANNELURE
Can"ne*lure (kan"ne*lur), n. [F., fr. canneler to groove.] (Mil.)

Defn: A groove in any cylinder; specif., a groove around the cylinder
of an elongated bullet for small arms to contain a lubricant, or
around the rotating band of a gun projectile to lessen the resistance
offered to the rifling. Also, a groove around the base of a
cartridge, where the extractor takes hold. --Can"ne*lured (#), a.

CANNERY
Can"ner*y, n.

Defn: A place where the business of canning fruit, meat, etc., is
carried on. [U. S.]

CANNIBAL
Can"ni*bal, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cannibale. Columbus, in a letter to the
Spanish monarchs written in Oct., 1498, mentions that the people of
Hayti lived in great fear of the Caribales (equivalent to E.
Caribbees.), the inhabitants of the smaller Antilles; which form of
the name was afterward changed into NL. Canibales, in order to
express more forcibly their character by a word intelligible through
a Latin root "propter rabiem caninam anthropophagorum gentis." The
Caribbees call themselves, in their own language. Calinago, Carinago,
Calliponam, and, abbreviated, Calina, signifying a brave, from which
Columbus formed his Caribales.]

Defn: A human being that eats human flesh; hence, any that devours
its own kind. Darwin.

CANNIBAL
Can"ni*bal, a.

Defn: Relating to cannibals or cannibalism. "Cannibal terror." Burke.

CANNIBALISM
Can"ni*bal*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cannibalisme.]

Defn: The act or practice of eating human flesh by mankind. Hence;
Murderous cruelty; barbarity. Berke.

CANNIBALLY
Can"ni*bal*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of cannibal. "An he had been cannibally given."
Shak.

CANNIKIN
Can"ni*kin, n. Etym: [Can + -kin.]

Defn: A small can or drinking vessel.

CANNILY
Can"ni*ly, adv.

Defn: In a canny manner. [N. of Eng. & Scot.]

CANNINESS
Can"ni*ness, n.

Defn: Caution; crafty management. [N. of Eng. & Scot.]

CANNON
Can"non, n.; pl.Cannons, collectively Cannon. Etym: [F. cannon, fr.
L. canna reed, pipe, tube. See Cane.]

1. A great gun; a piece of ordnance or artillery; a firearm for
discharging heavy shot with great force.

Note: Cannons are made of various materials, as iron, brass, bronze,
and steel, and of various sizes and shapes with respect to the
special service for which they are intended, as intended, as siege,
seacoast, naval, field, or mountain, guns. They always aproach more
or less nearly to a cylindrical from, being usually thicker toward
the breech than at the muzzle. Formerly they were cast hollow,
afterwards they were cast, solid, and bored out. The cannon now most
in use for the armament of war vessels and for seacoast defense
consists of a forged steel tube reinforced with massive steel rings
shrunk upon it. Howitzers and mortars are sometimes called cannon.
See Gun.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A hollow cylindrical piece carried by a revolving shaft, on
which it may, however, revolve independently.

3. (Printing.)

Defn: A kind of type. See Canon. Cannon ball, strictly, a round solid
missile of stone or iron made to be fired from a cannon, but now
often applied to a missile of any shape, whether solid or hollow,
made for cannon. Elongated and cylindrical missiles are sometimes
called bolts; hollow ones charged with explosives are properly called
shells.
 -- Cannon bullet, a cannon ball. [Obs.] -- Cannon cracker, a fire
cracker of large size.
 -- Cannon lock, a device for firing a cannon by a percussion primer.
 -- Cannon metal. See Gun Metal.
 -- Cannon pinion, the pinion on the minute hand arbor of a watch or
clock, which drives the hand but permits it to be moved in setting.
 -- Cannon proof, impenetrable by cannon balls.
 -- Cannon shot. (a) A cannon ball. (b) The range of a cannon.

CANNON
Can"non, n. & v. (Billiards)

Defn: See Carom. [Eng.]

CANNONADE
Can"non*ade", n. Etym: [F. Canonnade; cf. It. cannanata.]

1. The act of discharging cannon and throwing ball, shell, etc., for
the purpose of destroying an army, or battering a town, ship, or
fort; -- usually, an attack of some continuance.
A furious cannonade was kept up from the whole circle of batteries on
the devoted towm. Prescott.

2. Fig.; A loud noise like a cannonade; a booming.
Blue Walden rolls its cannonade. Ewerson.

CANNONADE
Can`non*ade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cannonade; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cannonading.]

Defn: To attack with heavy artillery; to batter with cannon shot.

CANNONADE
Can`non*ade", v. i.

Defn: To discharge cannon; as, the army cannonaded all day.

CANNON BONE
Can"non bone. (Anat.)

Defn: See Canon Bone.

CANNONED
Can"noned (, a.

Defn: Furnished with cannon. [Poetic] "Gilbralter's cannoned steep."
M. Arnold.

CANNONEER; CANNONIER
Can`non*eer", Can`non*ier", n. Etym: [F. canonnier.]

Defn: A man who manages, or fires, cannon.

CANNONERING
Can`non*er"ing, n.

Defn: The use of cannon. Burke.

CANNONRY
Can"non*ry, n.

Defn: Cannon, collectively; artillery.
The ringing of bells and roaring of cannonry proclaimed his course
through the country. W. Irving.

CANNOT
Can"not. Etym: [Can to be able _ -not.]

Defn: Am, is, or are, not able; -- written either as one word or two.

CANNULA
Can"nu*la, n. Etym: [L. cannula a small tube of dim. of canna a reed,
tube.] (Surg.)

Defn: A small tube of metal, wood, or India rubber, used for various
purposes, esp. for injecting or withdrawing fluids. It is usually
associated with a trocar. [Written also canula.]

CANNULAR
Can"nu*lar, a.

Defn: Having the form of a tube; tubular. [Written also canular.]

CANNULATED
Can"nu*la`ted, a.

Defn: Hollow; affording a passage through its interior length for
wire, thread, etc.; as, a cannulated (suture) needle. [Written also
canulated.]

CANNY; CANNEI
Can"ny, Can"nei, a. Etym: [Cf. Icel. kenn skilled, learned, or E.
canny. Cf. Kenn.] [North of Eng. & Scot.]

1. Artful; cunning; shrewd; wary.

2. Skillful; knowing; capable. Sir W. Scott.

3. Cautious; prudent; safe.. Ramsay.

4. Having pleasing of useful qualities; gentle. Burns.

5. Reputed to have magical powers. Sir W. Scott. No canny, not safe,
not fortunate; unpropitious. [Scot.]

CANOE
Ca*noe", n.; pl. Canoes. Etym: [Sp. canoa, fr. Caribbean canáoa.]

1. A boat used by rude nations, formed of trunk of a tree, excavated,
by cutting of burning, into a suitable shape. It is propelled by a
paddle or paddles, or sometimes by sail, and has no rudder.
Others devised the boat of one tree, called the canoe. Raleigh.

2. A boat made of bark or skins, used by savages.
A birch canoe, with paddles, rising, falling, on the water.
Longfellow.

3. A light pleasure boat, especially designed for use by one who goes
alone upon long excursions, including portage. It it propelled by a
paddle, or by a small sail attached to a temporary mast.

CANOE
Ca*noe", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Canoed p. pr. & vb. n. Canoeing (.]

Defn: To manage a canoe, or voyage in a canoe.

CANOEING
Ca*noe"ing n.

Defn: The act or art of using a canoe.

CANOEIST
Ca*noe"ist, n.

Defn: A canoeman.

CANOEMAN
Ca*noe"man, n.; pl. Canoemen.

Defn: One who uses a canoe; one who travels in a canoe.
Cabins and clearing greeted the eye of the passing canoeman. Parkman.

CANON
Can"on, n. Etym: [OE. canon, canoun, AS. canon rule (cf. F. canon,
LL. canon, and, for sense 7, F. chanoine, LL. canonicus), fr. L.
canon a measuring line, rule, model, fr. Gr. Cane, and cf.
Canonical.]

1. A law or rule.
Or that the Everlasting had not fixed His canon 'gainst self-
slaughter. Shak.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A law, or rule of doctrine or discipline, enacted by a council
and confirmed by the pope or the sovereign; a decision, regulation,
code, or constitution made by ecclesiastical authority.
Various canons which were made in councils held in the second centry.
Hock.

3. The collection of books received as genuine Holy Scriptures,
called the sacred canon, or general rule of moral and religious duty,
given by inspiration; the Bible; also, any one of the canonical
Scriptures. See Canonical books, under Canonical, a.

4. In monasteries, a book containing the rules of a religious order.

5. A catalogue of saints sckowledged and canonized in the Roman
Catholic Church.

6. A member of a cathedral chapter; a person who possesses a prebend
in a cathedral or collegiate church.

7. (Mus.)

Defn: A musical composition in which the voice begin one after
another, at regular intervals, succesively taking up the same
subject. It either winds up with a coda (tailpiece), or, as each
voice finishes, commences anew, thus forming a perpetual fugue or
round. It is the strictest form of imitation. See Imitation.

8. (Print.)

Defn: The largest size of type having a specific name; -- so called
from having been used for printing the canons of the church.

9. The part of a bell by which it is suspended; -- called also ear
and shank.

Note: [See Illust. of Bell.] Knight.

10. (Billiards)

Defn: See Carom. Apostolical canons. See under Apostolical.
 -- Augustinian canons, Black canons. See under Augustinian.
 -- Canon capitular, Canon residentiary, a resident member of a
cathedral chapter (during a part or the whole of the year).
 -- Canon law. See under Law.
 -- Canon of the Mass (R. C. Ch.), that part of the mass, following
the Sanctus, which never changes.
 -- Honorary canon, a canon who neither lived in a monastery, nor
kept the canonical hours.
 -- Minor canon (Ch. of Eng.), one who has been admitted to a
chapter, but has not yet received a prebend.
 -- Regular canon (R. C. Ch.), one who lived in a conventual
community and follower the rule of St. Austin; a Black canon.
 -- Secular canon (R. C. Ch.), one who did not live in a monastery,
but kept the hours.

CANON; CANYON
Ca*ñon", n. Etym: [Sp., a tube or hollow, fr. caña reed, fr. L.
canna. See Cane.]

Defn: A deep gorge, ravine, or gulch, between high and steep banks,
worn by water courses. [Mexico & Western U. S.]

CANON BIT
Can"on bit`. Etym: [F. canon, fr. L. canon a rule.]

Defn: That part of a bit which is put in a horse's mouth.

CANON BONE
Can"on bone`. Etym: [F. canon, fr. L. canon a rule. See canon.]
(Anat.)

Defn: The shank bone, or great bone above the fetlock, in the fore
and hind legs of the horse and allied animals, corresponding to the
middle metacarpal or metatarsal bone of most mammals. See Horse.

CANONESS
Can"on*ess, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. canonissa.]

Defn: A woman who holds a canonry in a conventual chapter. Regular
canoness, one bound by the poverty, and observing a strict rule of
life.
 -- Secular canoness, one allowed to hold private property, and bound
only by vows of chastity and obedience so long as she chose to remain
in the chapter.

CANONIC; CANNONICAL
Ca*non"ic, Can*non"ic*al, a Etym: [L. cannonicus, LL. canonicalis,
fr. L. canon: cf. F. canonique. See canon.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a canon; established by, or according to a
, canon or canons. "The oath of canonical obedience." Hallam.
Canonical books, or Canonical Scriptures, those books which are
declared by the canons of the church to be of divine inspiration; --
called collectively the canon. The Roman Catolic Church holds as
canonical several books which Protestants reject as apocryphal.
 -- Canonical epistles, an appellation given to the epistles called
also general or catholic. See Catholic epistles, under Canholic.
 -- Canonical form (Math.), the simples or most symmetrical form to
which all functions of the same class can be reduced without lose of
generality.
 -- Canonical hours, certain stated times of the day, fixed by
ecclesiastical laws, and appropriated to the offices of prayer and
devotion; also, certain portions of the Breviary, to be used at
stated hours of the day. In England, this name is also given to the
hours from 8 a. m. to 3 p. m. (formerly 8 a. m. to 12 m.) before and
after which marriage can not be legally performed in any parish
church.
 -- Canonical letters, letters of several kinds, formerly given by a
dishop to traveling clergymam or laymen, to show that they were
entitled to receive the cammunion, and to distinguish them from
heretics.
 -- Canonical life, the method or rule of living prescribed by the
ancient cleargy who lived in community; a course of living prescribed
for the clergy, less rigid that the monastic, and more restrained
that the secular.
 -- Canonical obedience, submission to the canons of a canons of a
church, especially the submission of the inferior cleargy to their
bishops, and of other religious orders to their supriors.
 -- Canonical punishments, such as the church may inflict, as
excommunication, degradation, penance, etc.
 -- Canonical sins (Anc. Church.), those for which capital punishment
or puplic penance decreed by the canon was inflicted, as idolatry,
murder, adultery, heresy.

CANONICALLY
Ca*non"ic*al*ly, adv. In a canonical manner

Defn: ; according to the canons.

CANONICALNESS
Ca*non"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being canonical; canonicity. Bp. Burnet.

CANONICALS
Ca*non"ic*als, n. pl.

Defn: The dress prescribed by canon to be worn by a clergyman when
oficiating. Sometimes, any distinctive professional dress. Full
canonicals, the complete costume of an officiating clergyman or
ecclesiastic.

CANONICATE
Ca*non"i*cate, n. Etym: [LL. canonucatus canonical: cf. F.
canonicat.]

Defn: The office of a canon; a canonry.

CANONICITY
Can`on*ic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. canonicité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being canonical; agreement with the
canon.

CANONIST
Can"on*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. canoniste.]

Defn: A professor of canon law; one skilled in the knowledge and
practice of ecclesiastical law. South.

CANONISTIC
Can`on*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a canonist. "This canonistic exposition."
Milton.

CANONIZATION
Can`on*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [F. canonisation.]

1. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The final process or decree (following beatifacation) by which
the name of a deceased person is placed in the catalogue (canon) of
saints and commended to perpetual veneration and invocation.
Canonization of saints was not known to the Christian church titl
toward the middle of the tenth century. Hoock.

2. The state of being canonized or sainted.

CANONIZE
Can"on*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Canonized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Canonizing.] Etym: [F. canoniser or LL. canonizare, fr. L. canon..
See Canon.]

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: To declare (a deceased person) a saint; to put in the catalogue
of saints; as, Thomas a Becket was canonized.

2. To glorify; to exalt to the highest honor.
Fame in time to come canonize us. Shak.

2. To rate as inspired; to include in the canon.[R.]

CANONRY
Can"on*ry, n. pl. Canonries (.

Defn: A benefice or prebend in a cathedral or collegiate church; a
right to a place in chapter and to a portion of its revenues; the
dignity or emoluments of a canon.

CANONSHIP
Can"on*ship, a.

Defn: Of pertaining to Canopus in egypt; as, the Canopic vases, used
in embalming.

CANOPUS
Ca*no"pus, n. Etym: [L. Canopus, fr. Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: A star of the first magnitude in the southern constellation
Argo.

CANOPY
Can"o*py, n.; pl. Canopies. Etym: [Oe. canopie, F. canopésofa, Of
canopée, canopeu, canopieu, canopy, vail, pavilion (cf. It.
canepècanopy, sofa), LL. canopeum a bed with mosquito curtains, fr.
Gr. Cone, and Optic.]

1. A covering fixed over a bed, dais, or the like, or carried on
poles over an exalted personage or a sacred object, etc. chiefly as a
mark of honor. "Golden canoniec and beds of state." Dryden.

2. (Arch.)
(a) An ornamental projection, over a door, window, niche, etc.
(b) Also, a roofike covering, supported on pilars over an altar, a
statue, a fountain, etc.

CANOPY
Can"o*py, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Canopes; p. pr. & vb. n. Canopying.]

Defn: To cover with, or as with, a canopy. "A bank with ivy
canopied." Milton.

CANOROUS
Ca*no"rous, a. Etym: [L. canorus, from nor melody, fr. canere to
sing.]

Defn: Melodious; musical. "Birds that are most canorous." Sir T.
Browne.
A long, lound, and canorous peal of laughter. De Quincey.

CANOROUSNESS
Ca*no"rous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being musical.
He chooses his language for its rich canorousness. Lowell.

CANSTICK
Can"stick`, n.

Defn: Candlestick. [Obs.] Shak.

CANT
Cant, n. Etym: [OF., edge, angle, prof. from L. canthus the iron ring
round a carriage wheel, a wheel, Gr. cant the stake or tire of a
wheel. Cf. Canthus, Canton, Cantle.]

1. A corner; angle; niche. [Obs.]
The first and principal person in the temple was Irene, or Peace; she
was placed aloft in a cant. B. Jonson.

2. An outer or external angle.

3. An inclination from a horizontal or vertical line; a slope or
bevel; a titl. Totten.

4. A sudden thrust, push, kick, or other impulse, producing a bias or
change of direction; also, the bias or turn so give; as, to give a
ball a cant.

5. (Coopering)

Defn: A segment forming a side piece in the head of a cask. Knight.

6. (Mech.)

Defn: A segment of he rim of a wooden cogwheel. Knight.

7. (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of wood laid upon athe deck of a vessel to support the
bulkneads. Cant frames, Cant timbers (Naut.), timber at the two ends
of a ship, rising obliquely from the keel.

CANT
Cant, v. t. [imp & p. p. Canted; p. pr. & vb. N. Canting.]

1. To incline; to set at an angle; to titl over; to tip upon the
edge; as, to cant a cask; to cant a ship.

2. To give a sudden turn or new direction to; as, to cant round a
stick of timber; to cant a football.

3. To cut off an angle from, as from a square piece of timber, or
from the head of a bolt.

CANT
Cant, n. Etym: [Prob. from OF. cant, F. chant, singing, in allusion
to the singing or whining tine of voice used by beggars, fr. L.
cantus. See Chant.]

1. An affected, singsong mode of speaking.

2. The idioms and peculiarities of speech in any sect, class, or
occupation. Goldsmith.
The cant of any profession. Dryden.

3. The use of religious phraseology without understanding or
sincerity; empty, solemn speech, implying what is not felt;
hypocrisy.
They shall hear no cant fromF. W. Robertson

4. Vulgar jargon; slang; the secret language spoker by gipsies,
thieves. tramps, or beggars.

CANT
Cant, a.

Defn: Of the nature of cant; affected; vulgar.
To introduce and multiply cant words in the most ruinous corruption
in any language. Swift.

CANT
Cant, v. i.

1. To speak in a whining voice, or an affected, sinsong tone.

2. To make whining pretensions to goodness; to talk with an
affectation of religion, philanthropy, etc.; to practice hypocrisy;
as, a canting fanatic.
The rankest rogue that ever canted. Beau. & Fl.

3. To use pretentious language, barbarous jargon, or technical
termes; to talk with an affectation of learning.
The doctor here, When he discqurseth of dissection, Of vena cava and
of vena porta, The meseræum and the mesentericum, What does he else
but cant. B. Jonson
That uncouth affected garb of speech, or canting hanguage, if I may
so call it. Bp. Sanderson.

CANT
Cant, n. Etym: [Prob. from OF. cant, equiv. to L. quantum; cf. F.
encan, fr. L. in quantum, i.e. "for how much"]

Defn: A all for bidders at a public sale; an auction. "To sell their
leases by cant." Swift.

CANT
Cant, v. t.

Defn: to sell by auction, or bid a price at a sale by auction.
[Archaic] Swift.

CAN'T
Can't.

Defn: A colloquial contraction for can not.

CANTAB
Can"tab, n. Etym: [Abbreviated from Cantabrigian.]

Defn: A Cantabrigian. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.

CANTABILE
Can*ta"bi*le, a. Etym: [It., cantare to sing.] (Mus.)

Defn: In a melodious, flowing style; in a singing style, as opposed
to bravura, recitativo, or parlando.

CANTABILE
Can*ta"bi*le, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A piece or pessage, whether vocal or instrumental, pecuilarly
adapted to singing; -- sometimes called cantilena.

CANTABRIAN
Can*ta"bri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Cantabria on the Bay of Biscay in Spain.

CANTABRIGIAN
Can`ta*brig"i*an, n.

Defn: A native or resident of Cambridge; esp. a student or graduate
of the university of Cambridge, England.

CANTALEVER
Can"ta*lev`er, n. Etym: [Can an extermal angle + lever a supported of
the roof timber of a house.] Etym: [Written also cantaliver and
cantilever.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A bracket to support a balcony, a cornice, or the like.

2. (Engin.)

Defn: A projecting beam, truss, or bridge unsupported at the outer
end; one which overhangs. Cantalever bridge, a bridge in which the
principle of the cantalever is applied. It is usually a trussed
bridge, composed of two portions reaching out from opposite banks,
and supported near the middle of their own length on piers which they
overhang, thus forming cantalevers which meet over the space to be
spanned or sustain a third portion, to complete the connection.

CANTALOUPE
Can"ta*loupe, n. Etym: [F. cantaloup, It. cantalupo, so called from
the caste of Cantalupo, in the Marca d'Ancona, in Italy, where they
were first grown in Europe, from seed said to have been imported from
Armenia.]

Defn: A muskmelon of several varieties, having when mature, a
yellowish skin, and flesh of a reddish orange color. [Written also
cantaleup.]

CANTANKEROUS
Can*tan"ker*ous, a.

Defn: Perverse; contentious; ugly; malicious. [Colloq.] --
Can*tan"ker*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Can*tan"ker*ous*ness, n.
The cantankerous old maiden aunt. Theckeray.

CANTAR; CANTARRO
Can"tar, Can*tar"ro, n. Etym: [It. cantaro (in sense 1), Sp. cantaro
(in sense 2).]

1. A weight used in southern Europe and East for heavy articles. It
varies in different localities; thus, at Rome it is nearly 75 pounds,
in Sardinia nearly 94 pounds, in Cairo it is 95 pounds, in Syria
about 503 pounds.

2. A liquid measure in Spain, ranging from two and a half to four
gallons. Simmonds.

CANTATA
Can*ta"ta, n. Etym: [It., fr. cantare to sing, fr. L. cantare intens
of canere to sing.] (Mus.)

Defn: A poem set to music; a musical composition comprising choruses,
solos, interludes, etc., arranged in a somewhat dramatic manner;
originally, a composition for a single noise, consisting of both
recitative and melody.

CANTATION
Can*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. cantatio.]

Defn: A singing. [Obs.] Blount.

CANTATORY
Cant"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Caontaining cant or affectation; whining; singing. [R.]

CANTATRICE
Can`ta*tri"ce, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A female professional singer.

CANTED
Cant"ed, a. Etym: [From 2d Cant.]

1. Having angles; as, a six canted bolt head; a canted window. Canted
column (Arch.), a column polygonal in plan.

2. Inclined at an angle to something else; tipped; sloping.

CANTEEN
Can*teen", n. Etym: [F. cantine bottle case, canteen (cf. Sp. & It.
cantina cellar, bottle case), either contr. fr. It. canovettina, dim.
of canova cellar, or, more likely, fr. OF. cant. corner, It. & Sp.
canto. See 1st Cant.] (Mil.)

1. A vessel used by soldiers for carrying water, liquor, or other
drink. [Written also cantine..]

Note: In the English service the canteen is made of wood and holds
three pints; in the United States it is usually a tin flask.

2. The sulter's shop in a garrison; also, a chest containing culinary
and other vessels for officers.

CANTEL
Can"tel, n.

Defn: See Cantle.

CANTER
Can"ter, n. Etym: [An abbreviation of Caner bury. See Canterbury
gallop, under Canterbury.]

1. A moderate and easy gallop adapted to pleasure riding.

Note: The canter is a thoroughly artificial pace, at first extremely
tiring to the horse, and generally only to be produced in him by the
restraint of a powerful bit, which compels him to throw a great part
of his weight on his haunches . . . There is so great a variety in
the mode adopted by different horses for performing the canter, that
no single description will suffice, nor indeed is it easy . . . to
define any one of them. J. H. Walsh.

2. A rapid or easy passing over.
A rapid canter in the Times over all the topics. Sir J. Stephen.

CANTER
Can"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cantered; p. pr. & vb. n. Cantering.]

Defn: To move in a canter.

CANTER
Can"ter, v. t.

Defn: To cause, as a horse, to go at a canter; to ride (a horse) at a
canter.

CANTER
Cant"er, n.

1. One who cants or whines; a beggar.

2. One who makes hypocritical pretensions to goodness; one who uses
canting language.
The day when he was a canter and a rebel. Macaulay.

CANTERBURY
Can"ter*bur*y, n.

1. A city in England, giving its name various articles. It is the
seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury (primate of all England), and
contains the shrine of Thomas à Becket, to which pilgrimages were
formerly made.

2. A stand with divisions in it for holding music, loose papers, etc.
Canterbury ball (Bot.), a species of Campanula of several varietes,
cultivated for its handsome bell-shaped flowers.
 -- Canterbury gallop, a gentle gallop such as was used by pilgrims
riding, to Canterbury; a canter.
 -- Canterbury table, one of the tales which Chaucer puts into the
mouths of certain pilgrims to Canterbury. Hence, any tale told by
travelers pass away the time.

CANTHARIDAL
Can*thar"*i*dal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to cantharides or made of cantharides; as,
cantharidal plaster.

CANTHARIDES
Can*thar"i*des, n. pl.

Defn: See cantharis.

CANTHARIDIN
Can*thar"i*din, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The active principe of the cantharis, or Spanish fly, a
volatile, acrid, bitter solid, crystallizing in four-sided prisms.

CANTHARIS
Can"tha*ris, n.; pl. Cantharides. Etym: [L., a kind of beetle, esp.
the Spanish fly, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beetle (Lytta, or Cantharis, vesicatoria), having an
elongated cylindrical body of a brilliant green color, and a nauseous
odor; the blister fly or blister beetle, of the apothecary; -- also
called Spanish fly. Many other species of Lytta, used for the same
purpose, take the same name. See Blister beetle, under Blister. The
plural form in usually applied to the dried insects used in medicine.

CANT HOOK
Cant" hook`.

Defn: A wooden lever with a movable iron hook. hear the end; -- used
for canting or turning over heavy logs, etc. [U. S.] Bartlett.

CANTHOPLASTY
Can"tho*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of forming a new canthus, when one has been
destroyed by injury or disease.

CANTHUS
Can"thus, n.; pl. Canthi. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The corner where the upper and under eyelids meet on each side
of the eye.

CANTICLE
Can"ti*cle, n.; pl. Canticles. Etym: [L. canticulum a little song,
dim. of canticum song, fr. cantus a singing, fr. coner to sing. See
Chant.]

1. A song; esp. a little song or hymn. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. pl.

Defn: The Song of Songs or Song of Solomon, one of the books of the
Old Testament.

3. A canto or division of a poem [Obs.] Spenser.

4. A psalm, hymn, or passage from the Bible, arranged for chanting in
church service.

CANTICOY
Can"ti*coy, n. Etym: [Of American Indian origin.]

Defn: A social gathering; usually, one for dancing.

CANTILE
Can"tile, v. i.

Defn: Same as Cantle, v. t.

CANTILENA
Can`ti*le"na, n. Etym: [It. & L.] (Mus.)

Defn: See Cantabile.

CANTILEVER
Can"ti*lev`er, n.

Defn: Same as Cantalever.

CANTILLATE
Can"til*late, v. i. Etym: [L. cantillatus, p. p. of cantillare to
sing low, dim. of cantare. See Cantata.]

Defn: To chant; to recite with musical tones. M. Stuart.

CANTILLATION
Can`til*la"tion, n.

Defn: A chanting; recitation or reading with musical modulations.

CANTINE
Can*tine", n.

Defn: See Canteen.

CANTING
Cant"ing, a.

Defn: Speaking in a whining tone of voice; using technical or
religious terms affectedly; affectedly pious; as, a canting rogue; a
canting tone. - Cant"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Cant"ing*ness, n. Canting arms, Canting heraldry (Her.), bearings
in the nature of a rebus alluding to the name of the bearer. Thus,
the Castletons bear three castles, and Pope Adrian IV. (Nicholas
Breakspeare) bore a broken spear.

CANTING
Cant"ing, n.

Defn: The use of cant; hypocrisy.

CANTINIERE
Can`ti*niere", n. Etym: [F., fr. cantine a sutler's shop, canteen.]
(Mil)

Defn: A woman who carries a canteen for soldiers; a vivandière.

CANTION
Can"tion, n. Etym: [L. cantio, from canere to sing.]

Defn: A song or verses. [Obs.] Spenser.

CANTLE
Can"tle, n. Etym: [OF. cantel, chantel, corner, side, piece, F.
chanteau a piece cut from a larger piece, dim. of OF. cant edge,
corner. See 1st Cant.]

1. A corner or edge of anything; a piece; a fragment; a part. "In one
cantle of his law." Milton.
Cuts me from the best of all my land A huge half moon, a monstrous
cantle out. Shak.

2. The upwardly projecting rear part of saddle, opposite to the
pommel. [Written also cante.]

CANTLE
Can"tle, v. t.

Defn: To cut in pieces; to cut out from. [Obs.] [Written also
cantile.]

CANTLET
Cant"let, n. Etym: [Dim. of cantle.]

Defn: A piece; a fragment; a corner. Dryden.

CANTO
Can"to, n.; pl. Cantos. Etym: [It. canto, fr. L. cantus singing,
song. See Chant.]

1. One of the chief divisions of a long poem; a book.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The highest vocal part; the air or melody in choral music;
anciently the tenor, now the soprano. Canto fermo ( Etym: [It.]
(Mus.), the plain ecclesiastical chant in cathedral service; the
plain song.

CANTON
Can"ton, n.

Defn: A song or canto [Obs.]
Write loyal cantons of contemned love. Shak.

CANTON
Can"ton, n. Etym: [F. canton, augm. of OF. cant edge, corner. See 1st
Cant.]

1. A small portion; a division; a compartment.
That little canton of land called the "English pale" Davies.
There is another piece of Holbein's, . . . in which, in six several
cantons, the several parts of our Savior's passion are represented.
Bp. Burnet.

2. A small community or clan.

3. A small territorial district; esp. one of the twenty-two
independent states which form the Swiss federal republic; in France,
a subdivision of an arrondissement. See Arrondissement.

4. (Her.)

Defn: A division of a shield occupying one third part of the chief,
usually on the dexter side, formed by a perpendicular line from the
top of the shield, meeting a horizontal line from the side.
The king gave us the arms of England to be borne in a canton in our
arms. Evelyn.

CANTON
Can"ton, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cantoned ; p. pr. & vb. n. Cantoning.]
Etym: [Cf. F.cantonner.]

1. To divide into small parts or districts; to mark off or separate,
as a distinct portion or division.
They canton out themselves a little Goshen in the intellectual world.
Locke.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To allot separate quarters to, as to different parts or
divisions of an army or body of troops.

CANTONAL
Can"ton*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a canton or cantons; of the nature of a
canton.

CANTON CRAPE
Can"ton crape".

Defn: A soft, white or colored silk fabric, of a gauzy texture and
wavy appearance, used for ladies' scarfs, shawls, bonnet trimmings,
etc.; -- called also Oriental crape. De Colange.

CANTONED
Can"toned, a.

1. (Her.)

Defn: Having a charge in each of the four corners; -- said of a cross
on a shield, and also of the shield itself.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Having the angles marked by, or decorated with, projecting
moldings or small columns; as, a cantoned pier or pilaster.

CANTON FLANNEL
Can"ton flan"nel.

Defn: See Cotton flannel.

CANTONIZE
Can"ton*ize, v. i.

Defn: To divide into cantons or small districts.

CANTONMENT
Can"ton*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cantonnement.]

Defn: A town or village, or part of a town or village, assigned to a
body of troops for quarters; temporary shelter or place of rest for
an army; quarters.

Note: When troops are sheltered in huts or quartered in the houses of
the people during any suspension of hostilities, they are said to be
in cantonment, or to be cantoned. In India, permanent military
stations, or military towns, are termed cantonments.

CANTOON
Can*toon", n.

Defn: A cotton stuff showing a fine cord on one side and a satiny
surface on the other.

CANTOR
Can"tor, n. Etym: [L., a singer, fr. caner to sing.]

Defn: A singer; esp. the leader of a church choir; a precentor.
The cantor of the church intones the Te Deum. Milman.

CANTORAL
Can"tor*al, a.

Defn: Of or belonging to a cantor. Cantoral staff, the official staff
or baton of a cantor or precentor, with which time is marked for the
singers.

CANTORIS
Can*to"ris, a. Etym: [L., lit., of the cantor, gen. of cantor.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a cantor; as, the cantoris side of a choir;
a cantoris stall. Shipley.

CANTRAP; CANTRIP
Can"trap, Can"trip, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. gandar, ODan. & OSw. gan,
witchcraft, and E. trap a snare, tramp.]

Defn: A charm; an incantation; a shell; a trick; adroit mischief.
[Written also cantraip.] [Scot.]

CANTRED; CANTREF
Can"tred, Can"tref, n. Etym: [W. cantref; cant hundred + tref
dwelling place, village.]

Defn: A district comprising a hundred villages, as in Wales. [Written
also kantry.]

CANTY
Can"ty, a.

Defn: Cheerful; sprightly; lively; merry. "The canty dame."
Wordsworth [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Contented with little, and canty with mair. Burns.

CANUCK
Ca*nuck", n.

1. A Canadian. [Slang]

2. A small or medium-sized hardy horse, common in Canada. [Colloq.]

CANULA; CANULAR; CANULATED
Can"u*la, n., Can"u*lar, a., Can"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: See Cannula, Cannular, and Cannulated.

CANVAS
Can"vas, n. Etym: [OE. canvas, canevas, F. canevas, LL. canabacius
hempen cloth, canvas, L. cannabis hemp, fr. G. Hemp.]

1. A strong cloth made of hemp, flax, or cotton; -- used for tents,
sails, etc.
By glimmering lanes and walls of canvas led. Tennyson.

2.
(a) A coarse cloth so woven as to form regular meshes for working
with the needle, as in tapestry, or worsted work.
(b) A piece of strong cloth of which the surface has been prepared to
receive painting, commonly painting in oil.
History . . . does not bring out clearly upon the canvas the details
which were familiar. J. H. Newman.

3. Something for which canvas is used: (a) A sail, or a collection of
sails. (b) A tent, or a collection of tents. (c) A painting, or a
picture on canvas.
To suit his canvas to the roughness of the see. Goldsmith.
Light, rich as that which glows on the canvas of Claude. Macaulay.

4. A rough draft or model of a song, air, or other literary or
musical composition; esp. one to show a poet the measure of the
verses he is to make. Grabb.

CANVAS
Can"vas, a.

Defn: Made of, pertaining to, or resembling, canvas or coarse cloth;
as, a canvas tent.

CANVASBACK
Can"vas*back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Species of duck (Aythya vallisneria), esteemed for the
delicacy of its flesh. It visits the United States in autumn;
particularly Chesapeake Bay and adjoining waters; -- so named from
the markings of the plumage on its back.

CANVASS
Can"vass, v. t. [imp. & p. p. canvassed; p. pr. & vb. n. Canvassing.]
Etym: [OF. Canabasser to examine curiously, to search or sift out;
properly, to sift through canvas. See Canvas, n.]

1. To sift; to strain; to examine thoroughly; to scrutinize; as, to
canvass the votes cast at an election; to canvass a district with
reference to its probable vote.
I have made careful search on all hands, and canvassed the matter
with all possible diligence. Woodward.

2. To examine by discussion; to debate.
An opinion that we are likely soon to canvass. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. To go trough, with personal solicitation or public addresses; as,
to canvass a district for votes; to canvass a city for subscriptions.

CANVASS
Can"vass, v. i.

Defn: To search thoroughly; to engage in solicitation by traversing a
district; as, to canvass for subscriptions or for votes; to canvass
for a book, a publisher, or in behalf of a charity; -- commonly
followed by for.

CANVASS
Can"vass, n.

1. Close inspection; careful review for verification; as, a canvass
of votes. Bacon.

2. Examination in the way of discussion or debate.

3. Search; exploration; solicitation; systematic effort to obtain
votes, subscribers, etc.
No previous canvass was made for me. Burke.

CANVASSER
Can"vass*er, n.

Defn: One who canvasses.

CANY
Can"y, a. Etym: [From Cane.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to cane or canes; abounding with canes.
Milton.

CANYON
Can"yon, n.

Defn: The English form of the Spanish word Cañon.

CANZONE
Can*zo"ne, n. Etym: [It., a song, fr. L. cantio, fr. canere to sing.
Cf. Chanson, Chant.] (Mus.)
(a) A song or air for one or more voices, of Provençal origin,
resembling, though not strictly, the madrigal.
(b) An instrumental piece in the madrigal style.

CANZONET
Can`zo*net", n. Etym: [It. canzonetta, dim. of canzone.] (Mus.)

Defn: A short song, in one or more parts.

CAONCITO
Cañ`on*ci"to, n. [Amer. Sp. dim. See Cañon.] [Southwestern U. S.]

1. A small cañon.

2.  A narrow passage or lane through chaparral or a forest.

CAOUTCHIN
Caout"chin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An inflammable, volatile, oily, liquid hydrocarbon, obtained by
the destructive distillation of caoutchouc.

CAOUTCHOUC
Caout"chouc, n. Etym: [F. caoutchouc, from the South American name.]

Defn: A tenacious, elastic, gummy substance obtained from the milky
sap of several plants of tropical South America (esp. the
euphorbiaceous tree Siphonia elastica or Hevea caoutchouc), Asia, and
Africa. Being impermeable to liquids and gases, and not readly
affected by exposure to air, acids, and alkalies, it is used,
especially when vulcanized, for many purposes in the arts and in
manufactures. Also called India rubber (because it was first brought
from India, and was formerly used chiefly for erasing pencil marks)
and gum elastic. See Vulcanization. Mineral caoutchouc. See under
Mineral.

CAOUTCHOUCIN
Caout"chou*cin, n.

Defn: See Caoutchin.

CAP
Cap, n. Etym: [OE. cappe, AS. cæppe, cap, cape, hood, fr. LL, cappa,
capa; perhaps of Iberian origin, as Isidorus of Seville mentions it
first: "Capa, quia quasi totum capiat hominem; it. capitis
ornamentum." See 3d Cape, and cf. 1st Cope.]

1. A covering for the head; esp.
(a) One usually with a visor but without a brim, for men and boys;
(b) One of lace, muslin, etc., for women, or infants;
(c) One used as the mark or ensign of some rank, office, or dignity,
as that of a cardinal.

2. The top, or uppermost part; the chief.
Thou art the cap of all the fools alive. Shak.

3. A respectful uncovering of the head.
He that will give a cap and make a leg in thanks. Fuller.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The whole top of the head of a bird from the base of the bill
to the nape of the neck.

5. Anything resembling a cap in form, position, or use; as:
(a) (Arch.) The uppermost of any assemblage of parts; as, the cap of
column, door, etc.; a capital, coping, cornice, lintel, or plate.
(b) Something covering the top or end of a thing for protection or
ornament.
(c) (Naut.) A collar of iron or wood used in joining spars, as the
mast and the topmast, the bowsprit and the jib boom; also, a covering
of tarred canvas at the end of a rope.
(d) A percussion cap. See under Percussion.
(e) (Mech.) The removable cover of a journal box.
(f) (Geom.) A portion of a spherical or other convex surface.

6. A large size of writing paper; as, flat cap; foolscap; legal cap.
Cap of a cannon, a piece of lead laid over the vent to keep the
priming dry; -- now called an apron.
 -- Cap in hand, obsequiously; submissively.
 -- Cap of liberty. See Liberty cap, under Liberty.
 -- Cap of maintenance, a cap of state carried before the kings of
England at the coronation. It is also carried before the mayors of
some cities.
 -- Cap money, money collected in a cap for the huntsman at the death
of the fox.
 -- Cap paper. (a) A kind of writing paper including flat cap,
foolsap, and legal cap. (b) A coarse wrapping paper used for making
caps to hold commodities. Cap rock (Mining), The layer of rock next
overlying ore, generally of barren vein material.
 -- Flat cap, cap See Foolscap.
 -- Forage cap, the cloth undress head covering of an officer of
soldier.
 -- Legal cap, a kind of folio writing paper, made for the use of
lawyers, in long narrow sheets which have the fold at the top or
"narrow edge." -- To set one's cap, to make a fool of one. (Obs.)
Chaucer.
 -- To set one's cap for, to try to win the favor of a man with a
view to marriage. [Colloq.]

CAP
Cap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Capped (; p. pr. & vb. n. Capping.]

1. To cover with a cap, or as with a cap; to provide with a cap or
cover; to cover the top or end of; to place a cap upon the proper
part of; as, to cap a post; to cap a gun.
The bones next the joint are capped with a smooth cartilaginous
substance. Derham.

2. To deprive of cap. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. To complete; to crown; to bring to the highest point or
consummation; as, to cap the climax of absurdity.

4. To salute by removing the cap. [Slang. Eng.]
Tom . . . capped the proctor with the profoundest of bows. Thackeray.

5. To match; to mate in contest; to furnish a complement to; as, to
cap text; to cap proverbs. Shak.
Now I have him under girdle I'll cap verses with him to the end of
the chapter. Dryden.

Note: In capping verses, when one quotes a verse another must cap it
by quoting one beginning with the last letter of the first letter, or
with the first letter of the last word, or ending with a rhyming
word, or by applying any other arbitrary rule may be agreed upon.

CAP
Cap, v. i.

Defn: To uncover the head respectfully. Shak.

CAPABILITY
Ca`pa*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Capabilities.

1. The quality of being capable; capacity; capableness; esp.
intellectual power or ability.
A capability to take a thousand views of a subject. H. Taylor.

2. Capacity of being used or improved.

CAPABLE
Ca"pa*ble, a. Etym: [F. capable, LL. capabilis capacious, capable,
fr. L. caper to take, contain. See Heave.]

1. Possessing ability, qualification, or susceptibility; having
capacity; of sufficient size or strength; as, a room capable of
holding a large number; a castle capable of resisting a long assault.
Concious of jou and capable of pain. Prior.

2. Possessing adequate power; qualified; able; fully competent; as, a
capable instructor; a capable judge; a mind capable of nice
investigations.
More capable to discourse of battles than to give them. Motley.

3. Possessing legal power or capacity; as, a man capable of making a
contract, or a will.

4. Capacious; large; comprehensive. [Obs.] Shak.

Note: Capable is usually followed by of, sometimes by an infinitive.

Syn.
 -- Able; competent; qualified; fitted; efficient; effective;
skillful.

CAPABLENESS
Ca"pa*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being capable; capability;
adequateness; competency.

CAPACIFY
Ca*pac"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Capacified.] Etym: [L. capax, -acis,
capacious + -fy.]

Defn: To quality. [R.]
The benefice he is capacified and designed for. Barrow.

CAPACIOUS
Ca*pa"cious, a. Etym: [L. capaz, -acis, fr. capere to take. See
Heave.]

1. Having capacity; able to contain much; large; roomy; spacious;
extended; broad; as, a capacious vessel, room, bay, or harbor.
In the capacious recesses of his mind. Bancroft.

2. Able or qualified to make large views of things, as in obtaining
knowledge or forming designs; comprehensive; liberal. "A capacious
mind." Watts.

CAPACIOUSLY
Ca*pa"cious*ly, adv.

Defn: In a capacious manner or degree; comprehensively.

CAPACIOUSNESS
Ca*pa"cious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being capacious, as of a vessel, a reservoir a
bay, the mind, etc.

CAPACITATE
Ca*pac"i*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Capacitated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Capacitating.]

Defn: To render capable; to enable; to qualify.
By thih instruction we may be capaciated to observe those errors.
Dryden.

CAPACITY
Ca*pac"i*ty, n.; pl. Capacities Etym: [L. capacitus, fr. capax,
capacis; fr. F. capacité. See Capacious.]

1. The power of receiving or containing; extent of room or space;
passive power; -- used in reference to physical things.
Had our great palace the capacity To camp this host, we all would sup
together. Shak.
The capacity of the exhausted cylinder. Boyle.

2. The power of receiving and holding ideas, knowledge, etc.; the
comprehensiveness of the mind; the receptive faculty; capability of
undestanding or feeling.
Capacity is now properly limited to these [the mere passive
operations of the mind]; its primary signification, which is
literally room for, as well as its employment, favars this; although
it can not be dented that there are examples of its usage in an
active sense. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. Ability; power pertaining to, or resulting from, the possession of
strength, wealth, or talent; possibility of being or of doing.
The capacity of blessing the people. Alex. Hamilton.
A cause with such capacities endued. Blackmore.

4. Outward condition or circumstances; occupation; profession;
character; position; as, to work in the capacity of a mason or a
carpenter.

5. (Law)

Defn: Legal or noral qualification, as of age, residence, character,
etc., necessary for certain purposes, as for holding office, for
marrying, for making contracts, will, etc.; legal power or right;
competency. Capacity for heat, the power of absorbing heat.
Substances differ in the amount of heat requisite to raise them a
given number of thermometric degrees, and this difference is the
measure of, or depends upon, whzt is called their capacity for heat.
See Specific heat, under Heat.

Syn.
 -- Ability; faculty; talent; capability; skill; efficiency;
cleverness. See Ability.

CAPAPE
Cap`*a*pe", adv.

Defn: See Cap-a-pie. Shak.

CAPAPIE
Cap`*a*pie", adv. Etym: [OF. (cap-a-pie, from head to foot, now de
pied en cap from foot to head; L. per foot + caput head.]

Defn: From head to foot; at all points. "He was armed cap-a-pie."
Prescott.

CAPARISON
Ca*par"i*son, n. Etym: [F. capara, fr. Sp. caparazon a cover for a
saddle, coach, etc.; capa cloak, cover (fr. LL. capa, cf. LL. caparo
also fr. capa) + the term. azon. See Cap.]

1. An ornamental covering or housing for a horse; the harness or
trappings of a horse, taken collectively, esp. when decorative.
Their horses clothed with rich caparison. Drylen.

2. Gay or rich clothing.
My heart groans beneath the gay caparison. Smollett.

CAPARISON
Ca*par"i*son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caparisoned p. pr. & vb. n.
Caparisoning.] Etym: [Cf. F caparaçonner.]

1. To cover with housings, as a horse; to harness or fit out with
decorative trappings, as a horse.
The steeds, caparisoned with purple, stand. Dryden.

2. To aborn with rich dress; to dress.
I am caparisoned like a man. Shak.

CAPARRO
Ca*par"ro, n. Etym: [Native Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large South American monkey (Lagothrix Humboldtii), with
prehensile tail.

CAPCASE
Cap"case`, n.

Defn: A small traveling case or bandbox; formerly, a chest.
A capcase for your linen and your plate. Beau. & Fl.

CAPE
Cape, n. Etym: [F. cap, fr. It. capo head, cape, fr. L. caput heat,
end, point. See Chief.]

Defn: A piece or point of land, extending beyind the adjacent coast
into the sea or a lake; a promonotory; a headland. Cape buffalo
(Zoöl.) a large and powerful buffalo of South Africa (Bubalus
Caffer). It is said to be the most dangerous wild beast of Africa.
See Buffalo, 2.
 -- Cape jasmine, Cape jassamine. See Jasmine.
 -- Cape pigeon (Zoöl.), a petrel (Daptium Capense) common off the
Cape of Good Hope. It is about the size of a pigeon.
 -- Cape wine, wine made in South Africa [Eng.] -- The Cape, the Cape
of Good Hope, in the general sense of southern extremity of Africa.
Also used of Cape Horn, and, in New England, of Cape Cod.

CAPE
Cape, v. i. (Naut.)

Defn: To head or point; to keep a course; as, the ship capes
southwest by south.

CAPE
Cape, n. Etym: [OE. Cape, fr. F. cape; cf. LL. cappa. See Cap, and
cf. 1st Cope, Chape.]

Defn: A sleeveless garment or part of a garment, hanging from the
neck over the back, arms, and shoulders, but not reaching below the
hips. See Cloak.

CAPE
Cape, v. i. Etym: [See Gape.]

Defn: To gape. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CAPEL; CAPLE
Ca"pel, Ca"ple, n. Etym: [Icel. kapall; cf. L. caballus.]

Defn: A horse; a nag. [Obs.] Chaucer. Holland.

CAPEL
Ca"pel, n. (Mining)

Defn: A composite stone (quartz, schorl, and hornlende) in the walls
of tin and copper lodes.

CAPELAN
Cap"e*lan, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Capelin.

CAPELIN
Cape"lin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. capelan, caplan.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small marine fish (Mallotus villosus) of the family
Salmonidæ, very abundant on the coasts of Greenland, Iceland,
Newfoundland, and Alaska. It is used as a bait for the cod. [Written
also capelan and caplin.]

Note: This fish, which is like a smelt, is called by the Spaniards
anchova, and by the Portuguese capelina. Fisheries of U. S. (1884).

CAPELINE
Ca"pe*line`, n. [F., fr. LL. capella. See Chapel.] (Med.)

Defn: A hood-shaped bandage for the head, the shoulder, or the stump
of an amputated limb.

CAPELLA
Ca*pel"la, n. Etym: [L., a little goet, dim. of caper a goat.]
(Asrton.)

Defn: A brilliant star in the constellation Auriga.

CAPELLANE
Cap"el*lane, n. Etym: [See Chaplain.]

Defn: The curate of a chapel; a chaplain. [Obs.] Fuller.

CAPELLE
Ca*pel"le, n. Etym: [G.] (Mus.)

Defn: The private orchestra or band of a prince or of a church.

CAPELLET
Cap"el*let, n. Etym: [F. capelet.] (Far.)

Defn: A swelling, like a wen, on the point of the elbow (or the heel
of the hock) of a horse, caused probably by bruises in lying dowm.

CAPELLMEISTER
Ca*pell"meis`ter, n. Etym: [G., fr. capelle chapel, private band of a
prince + meister a master.]

Defn: The musical director in royal or ducal chapel; a choirmaster.
[Written also kepellmeister.]

CAPER
Ca"per, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Capered p. pr. & vb. n. capering.] Etym:
[From older capreoll to caper, cf. F. se cabrer to prance; all
ultimately fr. L. caper, capra, goat. See Capriole.]

Defn: To leap or jump about in a sprightly manner; to cut capers; to
skip; to spring; to prance; to dance.
He capers, he dances, he has eyes of youth. Shak.

CAPER
Ca"per, n.

Defn: A frolicsome leap or spring; a skip; a jump, as in mirth or
dancing; a prank. To cut a caper, to frolic; to make a sportive
spring; to play a prank. Shak.

CAPER
Ca"per, n. Etym: [D. kaper.]

Defn: A vessel formerly used by the Dutch, privateer. Wright.

CAPER
Ca"per, n. Etym: [F. câpre, fr. L. capparis, Gr. al-kabar.]

1. The pungent grayish green flower bud of the European and Oriental
caper (Capparis spinosa), much used for pickles.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Capparis; -- called also caper bush, caper
tree.

Note: The Capparis spinosa is a low prickly shrub of the
Mediterranean coasts, with trailing branches and brilliant flowers; -
- cultivated in the south of Europe for its buds. The C. sodada is an
almost leafless spiny shrub of central Africa (Soudan), Arabia, and
southern India, with edible berries. Bean caper. See Bran caper, in
the Vocabulary.
 -- Caper sauce, a kind of sauce or catchup made of capers.

CAPERBERRY
Ca"per*ber`ry, n.

1. The small olive-shaped berry of the European and Oriental caper,
said to be used in pickles and as a condiment.

2. The currantlike fruit of the African and Arabian caper (Capparis
sodado).

CAPER BUSH; CAPER TREE
Ca"per bush`, Ca"per tree`.

Defn: See Capper, a plant, 2.

CAPERCAILZIE; CAPERCALLY
Ca"per*cail`zie, or Ca"per*cal`ly, n. Etym: [Gael, capulcoile.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of grouse (Tetrao uragallus) of large size and fine
flavor, found in northern Europe and formerly in Scotland; -- called
also cock of the woods. [Written also capercaillie, capercaili.]

CAPERCLAW
Ca"per*claw`, v. t.

Defn: To treat with cruel playfulness, as a cat treats a mouse; to
abuse. [Obs.] Birch.

CAPERER
Ca"per*er, n.

Defn: One who capers, leaps, and skips about, or dances.
The nimble capperer on the cord. Dryden.

CAPFUL
Cap"ful, n.; pl. Capfuls (.

Defn: As much as will fill a cap. A capful of wind (Naut.), a light
puff of wind.

CAPIAS
Ca"pi*as, n. Etym: [L. thou mayst take.] (Low)

Defn: A writ or process commanding the officer to take the body of
the person named in it, that is, to arrest him; -- also called writ
of capias.

Note: One principal kind of capias is a writ by which actions at law
are frequently commenced; another is a writ of execution issued after
judgment to satisfy damages recovered; a capias in criminal law is
the process to take a person charged on an indictment, when he is not
in custody. Burrill. Wharton.

CAPIBARA
Ca`pi*ba"ra, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Capybara.

CAPILLACEOUS
Cap`il*la"ceous, a. Etym: [L. capillaceus hairy, fr. capillus hair.]

Defn: Having long filaments; resembling a hair; slender. See
Capillary.

CAPILLAIRE
Cap`il*laire", n. Etym: [F. capillaire maiden-hair; sirop de
capillaire capillaire; fr. L. herba capillaris the maidenhair.]

1. A sirup prepared from the maiden-hair, formerly supposed to have
medicinal properties.

2. Any simple sirup flavored with orange flowers.

CAPILLAMENT
Ca*pil"la*ment, n. Etym: [L. capillamentum, fr. capillus hair: cf. F.
capillament.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A filament. [R.]

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Any villous or hairy covering; a fine fiber or filament, as of
the nerves.

CAPILLARINESS
Cap"il*la*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being capillary.

CAPILLARITY
Cap`il*lar"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. capillarité.]

1. The quality or condition of being capillary.

2. (Physics)

Defn: The peculiar action by which the surface of a liquid, where it
is in contact with a solid (as in a capillary tube), is elevated or
depressed; capillary attraction.

Note: Capillarity depends upon the relative attaction of the
modecules of the liquid for each other and for those of the solid,
and is especially observable in capillary tubes, where it determines
the ascent or descent of the liquid above or below the level of the
liquid which the tube is dipped; -- hence the name.

CAPILLARY
Cap"il*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. capillaris, fr. capillus hair. Cf.
Capillaire.]

1. Resembling a hair; fine; minute; very slender; having minute tubes
or interspaces; having very small bore; as, the capillary vessels of
animals and plants.

2. Pertaining to capillary tubes or vessels; as, capillary action.
Capillary attraction, Capillary repulsion, the apparent attraction or
repulsion between a soild and liquid caused bycapillarity. See
Capillarity, and Attraction.
 -- Capillarity tubes. See the Note under Capillarity.

CAPILLARY
Cap"il*la*ry, n.; pl., Capillaries (.

1. A tube or vessel, extremely fine or minute.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A minute, thin-walled vessel; particularly one of the smallest
blood vessels connecting arteries and veins, but used also for the
smallest lymphatic and biliary vessels.

CAPILLATION
Cap`il*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. capillatie the hair.]

Defn: A capillary blood vessel. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

CAPILLATURE
Ca*pil"la*ture, n. Etym: [L. capillatura.]

Defn: A bush of hair; frizzing of the hair. Clarke.

CAPILLIFORM
Ca*pil"li*form, a. Etym: [L. capillus hair + -form.]

Defn: In the shape or form of, a hair, or of hairs.

CAPILLOSE
Cap"il*lose`, a. Etym: [L. capillosus.]

Defn: Having much hair; hairy. [R.]

CAPISTRATE
Ca*pis"trate, a. Etym: [L. capistratus, p. p. of capistrare halter.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Hooded; cowled.

CAPITAL
Cap"i*tal, a. Etym: [F. capital, L. capitalis capital (in senses 1 &
2), fr. caput head. See Chief, and cf. Capital, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to the head. [Obs.]
Needs must the Serpent now his capital bruise Expect with mortal
pain. Milton.

2. Having reference to, or involving, the forfeiture of the head or
life; affecting life; punishable with death; as, capital trials;
capital punishment.
Many crimes that are capital among us. Swift.
To put to death a capital offender. Milton.

3. First in importance; chief; principal.
A capital article in religion Atterbury.
Whatever is capital and essential in Christianity. I. Taylor.

4. Chief, in a political sense, as being the seat of the general
government of a state or nation; as, Washington and Paris are capital
cities.

5. Of first rate quality; excellent; as, a capital speech or song.
[Colloq.]

Capital letter Etym: [F, lettre capitale] (Print.), a leading or
heading letter, used at the beginning of a sentence and as the first
letter of certain words, distinguished, for the most part, both by
different form and larger size, from the small (lower-case) letters,
which form the greater part of common print or writing.
 -- Small capital letters have the form of capital letters and height
of the body of the lower-case letters.
 -- Capital stock, money, property, or stock invested in any
business, or the enterprise of any corporation or institution.
Abbott.

Syn.
 -- Chief; leading; controlling; prominent.

CAPITAL
Cap"i*tal, n. Etym: [Cf. L. capitellum and Capitulum, a small head,
the head, top, or capital of a column, dim. of caput head; F.
chapiteau, OF. capitel. See Chief, and cf. Cattle, Chattel, Chapiter,
Chapter.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: The head or uppermost member of a column, pilaster, etc. It
consists generally of three parts, abacus, bell (or vase), and
necking. See these terms, and Column.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. capilate, fem., sc. ville.] (Geog.)

Defn: The seat of government; the chief city or town in a country; a
metropolis. "A busy and splendid capital" Macauly.

3. Etym: [Cf. F. capital.]

Defn: Money, property, or stock employed in trade, manufactures,
etc.; the sum invested or lent, as distinguished from the income or
interest. See Capital stock, under Capital, a.

4. (Polit. Econ.)

Defn: That portion of the produce of industry, which may be directly
employed either to support human beings or to assist in production.
M'Culloch.

Note: When wealth is used to assist production it is called capital.
The capital of a civilized community includes fixed capital (i.e.
buildings, machines, and roads used in the course of production and
exchange) amd circulating capital (i.e., food, fuel, money, etc.,
spent in the course of production and exchange). T. Raleing.

5. Anything which can be used to increase one's power or influence.
He tried to make capital out of his rival's discomfiture. London
Times.

6. (Fort.)

Defn: An imaginary line dividing a bastion, ravelin, or other work,
into two equal parts.

7. A chapter, or section, of a book. [Obs.]
Holy St. Bernard hath said in the 59th capital. Sir W. Scott.

8. (Print.)

Defn: See Capital letter, under Capital, a. Active capital. See under
Active, -- Small capital (Print.), a small capital letter. See under
Capital, a.
 -- To live on one's capital, to consume one's capital without
producing or accumulating anything to replace it.

CAPITALIST
Cap"i*tal*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. capitaliste.]

Defn: One who has capital; one who has money for investment, or money
invested; esp. a person of large property, which is employed in
business.
The expenditure of the capitalist. Burke.

CAPITALIZATION
Cap"i*tal*i*za`tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of capitalizing.

CAPITALIZE
Cap"i*tal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Capitalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Capitalizing.]

1. To convert into capital, or to use as capital.

2. To compute, appraise, or assess the capital value of (a patent
right, an annuity, etc.)

3. To print in capital letters, or with an initial capital.

CAPITALLY
Cap*i*tal*ly, adv.

1. In a way involving the forfeiture of the head or life; as, to
punish capitally.

2. In a capital manner; excellently. [Colloq.]

CAPITALNESS
Cap"i*tal*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being capital; preeminence. [R.]

CAPITAN PASHA; CAPITAN PACHA
Ca`pi*tan` Pa*sha` or Pa*cha`. Etym: [See capitan.]

Defn: The chief admiral of the Turkish fleet.

CAPITATE
Cap"i*tate, a Etym: [L. capitatus fr. caput head.]

1. Headlike in form; also, having the distal end enlarged and
rounded, as the stigmas of certain flowers.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the flowers gathered into a head.

CAPITATIM
Cap`i*ta"tim, a. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Of so much per head; as, a capitatim tax; a capitatim grant.

CAPITATION
Cap`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. capitatio a poll tax, fr. caput head; cf.
F. capitation.]

1. A numbering of heads or individuals. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. A tax upon each head or person, without reference to property; a
poll tax.

CAPITE
Cap"i*te, n. Etym: [L., abl. of caput head.]

Defn: See under Tenant.

CAPITELLATE
Cap`i*tel"late, a. Etym: [L. capitellum, dim. of caput head.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having a very small knoblike termination, or collected into
minute capitula.

CAPITIBRANCHIATA
Cap`i*ti*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. caput, capitis,
head + -branchiae gills.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of annelids in which the gills arise from or near
the head. See Tubicola.

CAPITOL
Cap"i*tol, Etym: [L. capitolium, fr. caput head: cf. F. capitole. See
Chief.]

1. The temple of Jupiter, at Rome, on the Mona Capitolinus, where the
Senate met.
Comes Cæsar to the Capitol to-morrow Shak.

2. The edifice at Washington occupied by the Congress of the United
States; also, the building in which the legislature of State holds
its sessions; a statehouse.

CAPITOLIAN; CAPITOLINE
Cap`i*to"li*an, Cap"i*to*line, a. Etym: [L. capitolinus: cf. F.
capitolin.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Capitol in Rome. "Capitolian Jove."
Macaulay. Capitoline games (Antiq.), annual games instituted at Rome
by Camillus, in honor of Jupter Capitolinus, on account of the
preservation of the Capitol from the Gauls; when reinstituted by
Domitian, arter a period of neglect, they were held every fifth year.

CAPITULA
Ca*pit"u*la, n. pl.

Defn: See Capitulum.

CAPITULAR
Ca*pit"u*lar, n. Etym: [LL. capitulare, capitularium, fr. L.
capitulum a small head, a chapter, dim. of capit head, chapter.]

1. An act passed in a chapter.

2. A member of a chapter.
The chapter itself, and all its members or capitulars. Ayliffe.

3. The head or prominent part.

CAPITULAR
Ca*pit"u*lar, a.

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a chapter; capitulary.
From the pope to the member of the capitular body. Milman.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing in, or pertaining to, a capitulum.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to a capitulum; as, the capitular process of a
vetebra, the process which articulates with the capitulum of a rib.

CAPITULARLY
Ca*pit"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner or form of an ecclesiastical chapter. Sterne.

CAPITULARY
Ca*pit"u*la*ry, n.; pl. Capitularies. Etym: [See Capitular.]

1. A capitular.

2. The body of laws or statutes of a chapter, or of an ecclesiastical
council.

3. A collection of laws or statutes, civil and ecclesiastical, esp.
of the Frankish kings, in chapters or sections.
Several of Charlemagne's capitularies. Hallam.

CAPITULARY
Ca*pit"u*la*ry, a.

Defn: Relating to the chapter of a cathedral; capitular. "Capitulary
acts." Warton.

CAPITULATE
Ca*pit"u*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Capitulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Capitulating.] Etym: [LL. capitulatus, p. p. of capitulare to
capitulate: cf. F. capituler. See Capitular, n.]

1. To settle or draw up the heads or terms of an agreement, as in
chapters or articles; to agree. [Obs.]
There capitulates with the king . . . to take to wife his daughter
Mary. Heylin.
There is no reason why the reducing of any agreement to certain heads
or capitula should not be called to capitulate. Trench.

2. To surrender on terms agreed upon (usually, drawn up under several
heads); as, an army or a garrison capitulates.
The Irish, after holding out a week, capitulated. Macaulay.

CAPITULATE
Ca*pit"u*late, v. t.

Defn: To surrender or transfer, as an army or a fortress, on certain
conditions. [R.]

CAPITULATION
Ca*pit`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. capitulation, LL. capitulatio.]

1. A reducing to heads or articles; a formal agreement.
With special capitulation that neither the Scots nor the French shall
refortify. Bp. Burnet.

2. The act of capitulating or surrendering to an emeny upon
stipulated terms.

3. The instrument containing the terms of an agreement or surrender.

CAPITULATOR
Ca*pit"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [LL.]

Defn: One who capitulates.

CAPITULE
Cap"i*tule, n. Etym: [L. capitulum small head, chapter.]

Defn: A summary. [Obs.]

CAPITULUM
Ca*pit"u*lum, n.; pl. Capitula (. Etym: [L., a small head.]

1. A thick head of flowers on a very short axis, as a clover top, or
a dandelion; a composite flower. A capitulum may be either globular
or flat. Gray.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A knobike protuberance of any part, esp. at the end of a bone
or cartilage.

Note: [See Illust. of Artiodactyla.]

CAPIVI
Ca*pi"vi, n. Etym: [Cf. Copaiba.]

Defn: A balsam of the Spanish West Indies. See Copaiba.

CAPLE
Ca"ple, n.

Defn: See Capel.

CAPLIN
Cap"lin, n.

Defn: See Capelin.

CAPLIN; CAPLING
Cap"lin, Cap"ling, n.

Defn: The cap or coupling of a flail, through which the thongs pass
which connect the handle and swingel. Wright.

CAPNOMANCY
Cap"no*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. mancy: cf. F. capnomancie.]

Defn: Divination by means of the ascent or motion of smoke.

CAPNOMOR
Cap"no*mor, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A limpid, colorless oil with a peculiar odor, obtained from
beech tar. Watts.

CAPOC
Ca*poc", n. Etym: [Malay kapoq.]

Defn: A sort of cotton so short and fine thet it can not be spun,
used in the East Indies to line palanquins, to make mattresses, etc.

CAPOCH
Ca*poch", n.; pl. Capoches. Etym: [Cf. Sp. capucho, It. cappucio, F.
Capuce, capuchon, LL. caputium, fr. capa cloak. See Cap.]

Defn: A hood; especialy, the hood attached to the gown of a monk.

CAPOCH
Ca*poch", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Capoched.]

Defn: To cover with, or as with, a hood; hence, to hoodwink or blind.
Hudibras.

CAPON
Ca"pon, n. Etym: [OE. capon, chapoun, AS. cap (cf. F. chapon), L.
capo, fr. Gr. skopiti to casrate. CF. Comma.]

Defn: A castrated cock, esp. when fattened; a male chicken gelded to
improve his flesh for the table. Shak.
The merry thought of a capon. W. Irving.

CAPON
Ca"pon, v. t.

Defn: To castrate; to make a capon of.

CAPONET
Ca"pon*et, n.

Defn: A young capon. [R.] Chapman.

CAPONIERE
Cap`o*niere", n. Etym: [F. caponnière, fr. Sp. caponera, orig., a
cage for fattening capons, hence, a place of refuge; cf. It.
capponiera. See Capon.] (Fort.)

Defn: A work made across or in the ditch, to protect it from the
enemy, or to serve as a covered passageway.

CAPONIZE
Ca"pon*ize, v. t.

Defn: To castrate, as a fowl.

CAPORAL
Ca`po*ral" (kä`po*räl"), n. [Sp. See Corporal, n.]

Defn: One who directs work; an overseer. [Sp. Amer.]

CAPOT
Ca*pot", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A winning of all the tricks at the game of piquet. It counts
for forty points. Hoyle.

CAPOT
Ca*pot", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Capotted.]

Defn: To win all the tricks from, in playing at piquet.

CAPO TASTO
Ca"po tas"to. [It. capotasto.] (Music)

Defn: A sort of bar or movable nut, attached to the finger board of a
guitar or other  fretted instrument for the purpose of raising
uniformly the pitch of all the strings.

CAPOTE
Ca*pote", n. Etym: [Sp. capote (cf. F. capote.), fr. LL. capa cape,
cloak. See Cap.]

Defn: A long cloak or overcoat, especially one with a hood.

CAPOUCH
Ca*pouch", n. & v. t.

Defn: Same as Capoch.

CAPPADINE
Cap"pa*dine, n.

Defn: A floss or waste obtained from the cocoon after the silk has
been reeled off, used for shag.

CAPPAPER
Cap"pa`per,

Defn: See cap, n., also Paper, n.

CAPPEAK
Cap"peak`, n.

Defn: The front piece of a cap; -- now more commonly called visor.

CAPPELINE
Cap"pe*line`, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. capella. See Chapel.] (Med.)

Defn: A hood-shaped bandage for the head, the shoulder, or the stump
of an amputated limb.

CAPPELLA
Cap*pel"la, n.

Defn: See A cappella.

CAPPER
Cap"per, n.

1. One whose business is to make or sell caps.

2. A by-bidder; a decoy for gamblers [Slang, U. S.].

3. An instrument for applying a percussion cap to a gun or cartridge.

CAPPING PLANE
Cap"ping plane`. (Join.)

Defn: A plane used for working the upper surface of staircase rails.

CAPRA
Ca"pra, n. Etym: [L., a she goat.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of ruminants, including the common goat.

CAPRATE
Cap"rate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of capric acid.

CAPREOLATE
Cap"re*o*late, a. Etym: [L. capreolus wild goat, tendril, fr.caper
goat: cf. F. capréolé.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having a tendril or tendrils.

CAPREOLINE
Cap"re*o*line, a. Etym: [L. capreolus wild goat, fr. caper goat.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the roebuck.

CAPRI
Ca"pri, n.

Defn: Wine produced on the island of Capri, commonly a light, dry,
white wine.

CAPRIC
Cap"ric, a. Etym: [L. caper goat.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to capric acid or its derivatives. Capric
acid, C9H9.CO2H, Caprylic acid, C7H15.CO2H, and Caproic acid,
C5H11.CO2H, are fatty acids occurring in small quantities in butter,
cocoanut oil, etc., united with glycerin; they are colorless oils, or
white crystalline solids, of an unpleasant odor like that of goats or
sweat.

CAPRICCIO
Ca*pric"cio, n. Etym: [It. See Caprice.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A piece in a free form, with frequent digressions from the
theme; a fantasia; -- often called caprice.

2. A caprice; a freak; a fancy. Shak.

CAPRICE
Ca*price", n. Etym: [F. caprice, It. capriccio, caprice (perh. orig.
a fantastical goat leap), fr. L. caper, capra, goat. Cf Capriole,
Cab, Caper, v. i.]

1. An abrupt change in feeling, opinion, or action, proceeding from
some whim or fancy; a freak; a notion. "Caprices of appetite." W.
Irving.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: See Capriccio.

Syn.
 -- Freak; whim; crotchet; fancy; vagary; humor; whimsey; fickleness.

CAPRICIOSO; CAPRICCIOSO
Ca*pri*cio"so, Ca*pric*cio"so, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus)

Defn: In a free, fantastic style.

CAPRICIOUS
Ca*pri"cious, a. Etym: [Cf. F. capricleux, It. capriccioso.]

Defn: Governed or characterized by caprice; apt to change suddenly;
freakish; whimsical; changeable. "Capricious poet." Shak. "Capricious
humor." Hugh Miller.
A capricious partiality to the Romish practices. Hallam.

Syn.
 -- Freakish; whimsical; fanciful; fickle; crotchety; fitful;
wayward; changeable; unsteady; uncertain; inconstant; arbitrary.
 -- Ca*pri"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Ca*pri"cious*ness, n.

CAPRICORN
Cap"ri*corn, n. Etym: [L. capricornus; caper goat + cornu horn: cf.
F. capricorne.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: The tenth sign of zodiac, into which the sun enters at the
winter solstice, about December 21. See Tropic.
The sun was entered into Capricorn. Dryden.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A southern constellation, represented on ancient monuments by
the figure of a goat, or a figure with its fore part like a fish.
Capricorn beetle (Zoöl.), any beetle of the family Carambucidæ; one
of the long-horned beetles. The larvæ usually bore into the wood or
bark of trees and shurbs and are often destructive. See Girdler,
Pruner.

CAPRID
Cap"rid, a. Etym: [L. caper, capra, goat.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tribe of ruminants of which the goat,
or genus Capra, is the type.

CAPRIFICATION
Cap"ri*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. caprificatio, fr. caprificare to
ripen figs by caprification, fr. caprificus the wild fig; caper goat
+ ficus fig.]

Defn: The practice of hanging, upon the cultivated fig tree, branches
of the wild fig infested with minute hymenopterous insects.

Note: It is supposed that the little insects insure fertilization by
carrying the pollen from the male flowers near the opening of the fig
down to the female flowers, and also accelerate ripening the fruit by
puncturing it. The practice has existed since ancient times, but its
benefit has been disputed.

CAPRIFOLE
Cap"ri*fole, n. Etym: [L. caper goat + folium leaf.]

Defn: The woodbine or honeysuckle. Spenser.

CAPRIFOLIACEOUS
Cap"ri*fo`li*a`ceous, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the Honeysuckle family of
plants (Caprifoliacæ.

CAPRIFORM
Cap"ri*form, a. Etym: [L. caper goat + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of a goat.

CAPRIGENOUS
Ca*prig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. caprigenus; caper goat + gegnere to
produce.]

Defn: Of the goat kind.

CAPRINE
Cap"rine, a. Etym: [L. caprinus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a goat; as, caprine gambols.

CAPRIOLE
Cap"ri*ole, n. Etym: [F. capriole, cabriole, It. capriola, fr. L.
caper goat. Cf. Caper, v. i. Cabriole, Caprice, Cheveril.]

1. (Man.)

Defn: A leap that a horse makes with all fours, upwards only, without
advancing, but with a kick or jerk of the hind legs when at the
height of the leap.

2. A leap or caper, as in dancing. "With lofty turns and caprioles."
Sir J. Davies.

CAPRIOLE
Cap"ri*ole, v. i.

Defn: To perform a capriole. Carlyle.

CAPRIPED
Cap"ri*ped, a. Etym: [L. capripers; caper goat + pes pedis, foot.]

Defn: Having feet like those of a goat.

CAPROATE
Cap"ro*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of caproic acid.

CAPROIC
Ca*pro"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: See under Capric.

CAPRYLATE
Cap"ry*late, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of caprylic acid.

CAPRYLIC
Ca*pryl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: See under Capric.

CAPSAICIN
Cap*sa"i*cin, n. Etym: [From Capsicum.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless crystalline substance extracted from the Capsicum
annuum, and giving off vapors of intense acridity.

CAPSHEAF
Cap"sheaf`, n.

Defn: The top sheaf of a stack of grain: (fig.) the crowning or
finishing part of a thing.

CAPSICIN
Cap"si*cin, n. Etym: [From Capsicum.] (Chem.)

Defn: A red liquid or soft resin extracted from various species of
capsicum.

CAPSICINE
Cap"si*cine, n. Etym: [From Capsicum.] (Chem.)

Defn: A valatile alkaloid extracted from Capsicum annuum or from
capsicin.

CAPSICUM
Cap"si*cum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. capsa box, chest.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of many species, producing capsules or dry
berries of various forms, which have an exceedingly pungent, biting
taste, and when ground form the red of Cayenne pepper of commerce.

Note: The most important species are Capsicum baccatum or birs
pepper. C, annuum or chili pepper, C. frutesens or spur pepper, and
C. annuum or Guinea pepeer, which includes the bell pepper and other
common garden varieties. The fruit is much used, both in its green
and ripe state, in pickles and in cookery. See Cayenne pepper.

CAPSIZE
Cap*size", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Capsized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Capsizing.] Etym: [Cf. Sp. cabecear to nod, pitch, capuzar, chapuzar,
to sink (a vessel) by the head; both fr. L. caput head.]

Defn: To upset or overturn, as a vessel or other body.
But what if carrying sail capsize the boat Byron.

CAPSIZE
Cap"size`, n.

Defn: An upset or overturn.

CAPSQUARE
Cap"*square, n. (Gun.)

Defn: A metal covering plate which passes over the trunnions of a
cannon, and holds it in place.

CAPSTAN
Cap"stan, n. Etym: [F. cabestan, fr. Sp. cabestrante, cabrestante,
fr. cabestrar to bind with a halter, fr. cabestrohalter, fr. L.
capistrum halter, fr. capere to hold (see Capacious); or perh. the
Spanish is fr. L. caper goat + stans, p. pr. of stare to stand; cf.
F. chèvre she-goat, also a machine for raising heavy weights.]

Defn: A vertical cleated drum or cylinder, revolving on an upright
spindle, and surmounted by a drumhead with sockets for bars or
levers. It is much used, especially on shipboard, for moving or
raising heavy weights or exerting great power by traction upon a rope
or cable, passing around the drum. It is operated either by steam
power or by a number of men walking around the capstan, each pushing
on the end of a lever fixed in its socket. [Sometimes spelt Capstern,
but improperly.] Capstan bar, one of the long bars or levers by which
the capstan is worked; a handspike..
 -- To pawl the capstan, to drop the pawls so that they will catch in
the notches of the pawl ring, and prevent the capstan from turning
back.
 -- To rig the capstan, to prepare the for use, by putting the bars
in the sockets.
 -- To surge the capstan, to slack the tension of the rope or cable
wound around it.

CAPSTONE
Cap"stone`, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil echinus of the genus Cannulus; -- so called from its
supposed resemblance to a cap.

CAPSULAR; CAPSULARY
Cap"su*lar, Cap"su*la*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. capsulaire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a capsule; having the nature of a capsula;
hollow and fibrous. Capsular ligament (Anat.), a ligamentous bag or
capsule surrounding many movable joints in the skeleton.

CAPSULATE; CAPSULATED
Cap"su*late, Cap"su*la`ted, a.

Defn: Inclosed in a capsule, or as in a chest or box.

CAPSULE
Cap"sule, n. Etym: [L. capsula a little box or chest, fr. capsa
chest, case, fr. capere to take, contain: cf. F. capsule.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: a dry fruit or pod which is made up of several parts or
carpels, and opens to discharge the seeds, as, the capsule of the
poppy, the flax, the lily, etc.

2. (Chem.)
(a) A small saucer of clay for roasting or melting samples of ores,
etc.; a scorifier.
(b) a small, shallow, evaporating dish, usually of porcelain.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A small cylindrical or spherical gelatinous envelope in which
nauseous or acrid doses are inclosed to be swallowed.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: A membranous sac containing fluid, or investing an organ or
joint; as, the capsule of the lens of the eye. Also, a capsulelike
organ.

5. A metallic seal or cover for closing a bottle,

6. A small cup or shell, as of metal, for a percussion cap,
cartridge, etc. Atrabiliary capsule. See under Atrabiliary.
 -- Glisson's capsule, a membranous envelope, entering the liver
along with the portal vessels and insheathing the latter in their
course through the organ.
 -- Suprarenal capsule, an organ of unknown function, above or in
front of each kidney.

CAPSULITIS
Cap`su*li"tis, n. [NL.; E. capsule + -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of a capsule, as that of the crystalline lens.

CAPSULOTOMY
Cap`su*lot"o*my, n.  [Capsule + Gr.  to cut.] (Surg.)

Defn: The incision of a capsule, esp. of that of the crystalline
lens, as in a cataract operation.

CAPTAIN
Cap"tain, n. Etym: [OE. capitain, captain, OF. capitain, F. capitaine
(cf. Sp. capitan, It. capitano), LL. capitaneus, capitanus, fr. L.
caput the head. See under Chief, and cf. Chieftain.]

1. A head, or chief officer; as:
(a) The military officer who commands a company, troop, or battery,
or who has the rank entitling him to do so though he may be employed
on other service.
(b) An officer in the United States navy, next above a commander and
below a commodore, and ranking with a colonel in the ermy.
(c) By courtesy, an officer actually commanding a vessel, although
not having the rank of captain.
(d) The master or commanding officer of a merchant vessel.
(e) One in charge of a portion of a ship's company; as, a captain of
a top, captain of a gun, etc.
(f) The foreman of a body of workmen.
(g) A person having authority over others acting in concert; as, the
captain of a boat's crew; the captain of a football team.
A trainband captain eke was he. Cowper.
The Rhodian captain, relying on . . . the lightness of his vessel,
passed, in open day, through all the guards. Arbuthnot.

2. A military leader; a warrior.
Foremost captain of his time. Tennyson.
Captain general. (a) The commander in chief of an army or armies, or
of the militia. (b) The Spanish governor of Cuba and its dependent
islands.
 -- Captain lieutenant, a lieutenant with the rank and duties of
captain but with a lieutenant's pay, -- as in the first company of an
English regiment.

CAPTAIN
Cap"tain, v. t.

Defn: To act as captain of; to lead. [R.]
Men who captained or accompanied the exodus from existing forms.
Lowell.

CAPTAIN
Cap"tain, a.

Defn: Chief; superior. [R.]
captain jewes in the carcanet. Shak.

CAPTAINCY
Cap"tain*cy, n.; pl. Captaincies (.

Defn: The rank, post, or commission of a captain. Washington.
Captaincy general, the office, power, teritory, or jurisdiction of a
captain general; as, the captaincy general of La Habana (Cuba and its
islands).

CAPTAINRY
Cap"tain*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. capitainerie.]

Defn: Power, or command, over a certain district; chieftainship.
[Obs.]

CAPTAINSHIP
Cap"tain*ship, n.

1. The condition, rank, post, or authority of a captain or chief
commander. "To take the captainship." Shak.

2. Military skill; as, to show good captainship.

CAPTATION
Cap*ta`tion, n. Etym: [L. captatio, fr. captare to catch, intens of
caper to take: cf. F. captation.]

Defn: A courting of favor or applause, by flattery or address; a
captivating quality; an attraction. [Obs.]
Without any of those dresses, or popular captations, which some men
use in their speeches. Eikon Basilike.

CAPTION
Cap"tion, n. Etym: [L. captio, fr. caper to take. In senses 3 and 4,
perhaps confounded in meaning with L. caput a head. See Capacious.]

1. A caviling; a sophism. [Obs.]
This doctrine is for caption and contradiction. Bacon.

2. The act of taking or arresting a person by judicial process. [R.]
Bouvier.

3. (Law)

Defn: That part of a legal instrument, as a commission, indictment,
etc., which shows where, when, and by what authority, it taken,
found, or executed. Bouvier. Wharton.

4. The heading of a chapter, section, or page. [U. S.]

CAPTIOUS
Cap"tious, a. Etym: [F. captieux, L. captiosus. See Caption.]

1. Art to catch at faults; disposed to find fault or to cavil; eager
to object; difficult to please.
A captius and suspicious. Stillingfleet.
I am sensible I have not disposed my materials to adbide the test of
a captious controversy. Bwike.

2. Fitted to harass, perplex, or insnare; insidious; troublesome.
Captious restraints on navigation. Bancroft.

Syn.
 -- Caviling, carping, fault-finding; censorious; hypercritical;
peevish, fretful; perverse; troublesome.
 -- Captious, caviling, Carping. A captious person is one who has a
fault-finding habit or manner, or is disposed to catch at faults,
errors, etc., with quarrelsome intent; a caviling person is disposed
to raise objections on frivolous grounds; carping implies that one is
given to ill-natured, persistent, or unreasonable fault-finding, or
picking up of the words or actions of others.
Caviling is the carping of argument, carping the caviling of ill
temper. C. J. Smith.

CAPTIOUSLY
Cap"tious*ly, adv.

Defn: In a captious manner.

CAPTIOUSNESS
Cap"tious*ness, n.

Defn: Captious disposition or manner.

CAPTIVATE
Cap"ti*vate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Captivated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Captivating.] Etym: [L. captivatus, p. p. of captivare to capture,
fr. captivus captive. See Captive.]

1. To take prisoner; to capture; to subdue. [Obs.]
Their woes whom fortune captivates. Shak.

2. To acquire ascendancy over by reason of some art or attraction; to
fascinate; to charm; as, Cleopatra captivated Antony; the orator
captivated all hearts.
Small landscapes of captivating loveliness. W. Irving.

Syn.
 -- To enslave; subdue; overpower; charm; enchant; bewitch; facinate;
capture; lead captive.

CAPTIVATE
Cap"ti*vate, p. a. Etym: [L. captivatus.]

Defn: Taken prisoner; made captive; insnared; charmed.
Women have been captivate ere now. Shak.

CAPTIVATING
Cap"ti*va`ting, a.

Defn: Having power to captivate or cham; fascinating; as, captivating
smiles.
 -- Cap"tiva`ting*ly, adv.

CAPTIVATION
Cap"ti*va`tion, n. Etym: [L. capticatio.]

Defn: The act of captivating. [R.]
The captivation of our understanding. Bp. Hall.

CAPTIVE
Cap"tive, n. Etym: [L. captivus, fr. capere to take: cf. F. captif.
See Caitiff.]

1. A prisoner taken by force or stratagem, esp., by an enemy, in war;
one kept in bondage or in the power of another.
Then, when I am thy captive, talk of chains. Milton.

2. One charmed or subdued by beaty, excellence, or affection; one who
is captivated.

CAPTIVE
Cap"tive, a.

1. Made prisoner, especially in war; held in bondage or in
confinement.
A poor, miserable, captive thrall. Milton.

2. Subdued by love; charmed; captivated.
Even in so short a space, my wonan's heart Grossly grew captive to
his honey words. Shak.

3. Of or pertaining to bondage or confinement; serving to confine;
as, captive chains; captive hours.

CAPTIVE
Cap"tive, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Captived; p. pr. & vb. n. Captiving.]

Defn: To take prisoner; to capture.
Their inhabitans slaughtered and captived. Burke.

CAPTIVITY
Cap*tiv"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. captivitas: cf. F. captivité.]

1. The state of being a captive or a prisoner.
More celebrated in his captivity that in his greatest triumphs.
Dryden.

2. A state of being under control; subjection of the will or
affections; bondage.
Sink in the soft captivity together. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Imprisonment; confinement; bondage; subjection; servitude;
slavery; thralldom; serfdom.

CAPTOR
Cap"tor, n. Etym: [L., a cather (of animals), fr. caper to take.]

Defn: One who captures any person or thing, as a prisoner or a prize.

CAPTURE
Cap"ture, n. Etym: [L. capture, fr. caper to take: cf. F. capture.
See Caitiff, and cf. aptive.]

1. The act of seizing by force, or getting possession of by superior
power or by stratagem; as, the capture of an enemy, a vessel, or a
criminal.
Even with regard to captures made at sea. Bluckstone.

2. The securing of an object of strife or desire, as by the power of
some attraction.

3. The thing taken by force, surprise, or stratagem; a prize; prey.

Syn.
 -- Seizure; apprehension; arrest; detention.

CAPTURE
Cap"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Captured; p. pr. & vb. n. Capturing.]

Defn: To seize or take possession of by force, surprise, or
stratagem; to overcome and hold; to secure by effort.
Her heart is like some fortress that has been captured. W. Ivring.

CAPUCCIO
Ca*puc"cio, n. Etym: [It. cappucio. See Capoch.]

Defn: A capoch or hood. [Obs.] Spenser.

CAPUCHED
Ca*puched", a. Etym: [See Capoch.]

Defn: Cover with, or as with, a hood. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

CAPUCHIN
Cap`u*chin", n. Etym: [F. capucin a monk who wears a cowl, fr. It.
cappuccio hood. See Capoch.]

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: A Franciscan monk of the austere branch established in 1526 by
Matteo di Baschi, distinguished by wearing the long pointed cowl or
capoch of St. Francis.
A bare-footed and long-bearded capuchin. Sir W. Scott.

2. A garment for women, consisting of a cloak and hood, resembling,
or supposed to resemble, that of capuchin monks.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) A long-tailed South American monkey (Cabus capucinus), having the
forehead naked and wrinkled, with the hair on the crown reflexed and
resembling a monk's cowl, the rest being of a grayish white; --
called also capucine monkey, weeper, sajou, sapajou, and sai.
(b) Other species of Cabus, as C. fatuellus (the brown or horned
capucine.), C. albifrons (the cararara), and C. apella.
(c) A variety of the domestic pigeon having a hoodlike tuft of
feathers on the head and sides of the neck. Capuchin nun, one of an
austere order of Franciscan nuns which came under Capuchin rule in
1538. The order had recently been founded by Maria Longa.

CAPUCINE
Cap"u*cine, n.

Defn: See Capuchin, 3.

CAPULET
Cap"u*let, n. (Far.)

Defn: Same as Capellet.

CAPULIN
Cap"u*lin, n. Etym: [Sp. capuli.]

Defn: The Mexican chery (Prunus Capollin).

CAPUT
Ca"put, n.; pl. Capita. Etym: [L., the head.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The head; also, a knoblike protuberance or capitulum.

2. The top or superior part of a thing.

3. (Eng.)

Defn: The council or ruling body of the University of Cambridge prior
to the constitution of 1856.
Your caputs and heads of colleges. Lamb.
Caput mortuum (. Etym: [L., dead head.] (Old Chem.) The residuum
after distillation or sublimation; hence, worthless residue.

CAPYBARA
Ca`py*ba"ra, n. Etym: [Sp. capibara, fr. the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large South American rodent (Hydrochærus capybara) Living on
the margins of lakes and rivers. It is the largest extant rodent,
being about three feet long, and half that in height. It somewhat
resembles the Guinea pig, to which it is related; -- called also
cabiai and water hog.

CAR
Car, n. Etym: [OF. car, char, F. cahr, fr. L. carrus, Wagon: a Celtic
word; cf. W. car, Armor. karr, Ir. & Gael. carr. cf. Chariot.]

1. A small vehicle moved on wheels; usually, one having but two
wheels and drawn by one horse; a cart.

2. A vehicle adapted to the rails of a railroad. [U. S.]

Note: In England a railroad passenger car is called a railway
carriage; a freight car a goods wagon; a platform car a goods truck;
a baggage car a van. But styles of car introduced into England from
America are called cars; as, tram car. Pullman car. See Train.

3. A chariot of war or of triumph; a vehicle of splendor, dignity, or
solemnity. [Poetic].
The gilded car of day. Milton.
The towering car, the sable steeds. Tennyson.

4. (Astron.)

Defn: The stars also called Charles's Wain, the Great Bear, or the
Dipper.
The Pleiads, Hyads, and the Northern Car. Dryden.

5. The cage of a lift or elevator.

6. The basket, box, or cage suspended from a ballon to contain
passengers, ballast, etc.

7. A floating perforated box for living fish. [U. S.] Car coupling,
or Car coupler, a shackle or other device for connecting the cars in
a railway train. [U. S.] -- Dummy car (Railroad), a car containing
its own steam power or locomotive.
 -- Freight car (Railrood), a car for the transportation of
merchandise or other goods. [U. S.] -- Hand car (Railroad), a small
car propelled by hand, used by railroad laborers, etc. [U. S.] --
Horse car, or Street car, an ommibus car, draw by horses or other
power upon rails laid in the streets. [U. S.] -- Palace car, Drawing-
room car, Sleeping car, Parior caretc. , (Railroad), cars especially
designed and furnished for the comfort of travelers.

CARABAO
Ca`ra*ba"o, n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The water buffalo. [Phil. Islands]

CARABID
Car"a*bid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the genus Carbus or family
Carabidæ.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Carabidæ, a family of active insectivorous beetles.

CARABINE
Car"a*bine, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A carbine.

CARABINEER
Car`a*bi*neer", n.

Defn: A carbineer.

CARABOID
Car"a*boid, a. Etym: [Carabus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to the genus Carabus.

CARABUS
Car"a*bus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of ground beetles, including numerous species. They
devour many injurious insects.

CARAC
Car"ac, n.

Defn: See Carack.

CARACAL
Car"a*cal, n. Etym: [F. caracal, fr. Turk garahgootag; garah black +
goofag ear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lynx (Felis, or Lynx, caracal.) It is a native of Africa and
Asia. Its ears are black externally, and tipped with long black
hairs.

CARACARA
Ca"`ra*ca"ra, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A south American bird of several species and genera, resembling
both the eagles and the vultures. The caracaras act as scavengers,
and are also called carrion buzzards.

Note: The black caracara is Ibycter ater; the chimango is Milvago
chimango; the Brazilian is Polyborus Braziliensis.

CARACK
Car"ack, n. Etym: [F. caraque (cf. Sp. & Pg. carraca, It. caracca.),
LL. carraca, fr. L. carrus wagon; or perh. fr. Ar. qorqur (pl.
qaraqir) a carack.] (Naut.)

Defn: A kind of large ship formerly used by the Spaniards and
Portuguese in the East India trade; a galleon. [Spelt also carrack.]
The bigger whale like some huge carrack law. Waller.

CARACOLE
Car"a*cole, n. Etym: [F. caracole, caracol, fr. Sp. caracol snail,
winding staircase, a wheeling about.]

1. (Man.)

Defn: A half turn which a horseman makes, either to the right or the
left.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A staircase in a spiral form. En caracole ( Etym: [F.], spiral;
-- said of a staircase.

CARACOLE
Car"a*cole, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caracoled.] Etym: [Cf. F. caracoler.]
(Man.)

Defn: To move in a caracole, or in caracoles; to wheel.
Prince John caracoled within the lists. Sir W. Scott.

CARACOLY
Car"a*col`y, n.

Defn: An alloy of gold, silver, and copper, of which an inferior
quality of jewerly is made.

CARACORE; CARACORA
Car"a*core, Car"a*co`ra, n. Etym: [Malay kurakura.]

Defn: A light vessel or proa used by the people of Borneo, etc., and
by the Dutch in the East Indies.

CARACUL
Ca`ra*cul", n.

Defn: Var. of Karakul, a kind of fur.

CARAFE
Ca*rafe", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A glass water bottle for the table or toilet; -- called also
croft.

CARAGEEN; CARAGHEEN
Car"a*geen` or Car"a*gheen`, n.

Defn: See Carrageen.

CARAMBOLA
Ca`ram*bo"la, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An East Indian tree (Averrhoa Carambola), and its acid, juicy
fruit; called also Coromandel gooseberry.

CARAMEL
Car"a*mel, n. Etym: [F. caramel (cf. Sp. caramelo), LL. canna mellis,
cannamella, canamella, calamellus mellitus, sugar cane, from or
confused with L. canna reed + mel, mellis, honey. See Cane.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: Burnt sugar; a brown or black porous substance obtained by
heating sugar. It is soluble in water, and is used for coloring
spirits, gravies, etc.

2. A kind of confectionery, usually a small cube or square of
tenacious paste, or candy, of varying composition and flavor.

CARANGOID
Ca*ran"goid, a. Etym: [Caranx + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Carangidæ, a family of fishes allied to the
mackerels, and including the caranx, American bluefish, and the pilot
fish.

CARANX
Ca"ranx, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fishes, common on the Atlantic coast, including the
yellow or goldon mackerel.

CARAPACE
Car"a*pace, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The thick shell or sheild which cover the back of the tortoise,
or turtle, the crab, and other crustaceous animals.

CARAPATO
Ca`ra*pa"to, n. Etym: [Pg. carrapato.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A south American tick of the genus Amblyamma. There are several
species, very troublesome to man and beast.

CARAPAX
Car"a*pax, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Carapace.

CARAT
Car"at, n. Etym: [F. carat (cf. It. carato, OPg. quirate, Pg. & Sp.
quilate), Ar. q bean or pea shell, a weight of four grins, a carat,
fr. Gr. Horn.]

1. The weight by which precious stones and pearls are weighed.

Note: The carat equals three and one fifth grains Troy, and is
divided into four grains, sometimes called carat grains. Diamonds and
other precious stones are estimated by carats and fractions of
carats, and pearls, usually, by carat grains. Titfany.

2. A twenty-fourth part; -- a term used in estimating the
proportionate fineness of gold.

Note: A mass of metal is said to be so many carats fine, according to
the number of twenty-fourths of pure gold which it contains; as, 22
carats fine (goldsmith's standard) = 22 parts of gold, 1 of copper,
and 1 of silver.

CARAVAN
Car"a*van, n. Etym: [F. caravane (cf. Sp. caravana), fr. Per. karmwan
a caravan (in sense 1). Cf. Van a wagon.]

1. A company of travelers, pilgrims, or merchants, organized and
equipped for a long journey, or marching or traveling together, esp.
through deserts and countries infested by robbers or hostile tribes,
as in Asia or Africa.

2. A large, covered wagon, or a train of such wagons, for conveying
wild beasts, etc., for exhibition; an itinerant show, as of wild
beasts.

3. A covered vehicle for carrying passengers or for moving furniture,
etc.; -- sometimes shorted into van.

CARAVANEER
Car`a*van*eer", n. Etym: [Cf. F. caravanier.]

Defn: The leader or driver of the camels in caravan.

CARAVANSARY
Car`a*van"sa*ry, n.; pl. Caravansaries Etym: [F. caravansérai, fr.
Per. karwansara\'8b; karwan caravan + -sara\'8b palace, large house,
inn.]

Defn: A kind of inn, in the East, where caravans rest at night, being
a large, rude, unfurnished building, surrounding a court. [Written
also caravanserai and caravansera.]

CARAVEL
Car"a*vel, n. Etym: [F. caravelle (cf. It. caravella, Sp. carabela),
fr. Sp. caraba a kind of vessel, fr. L. carabus a kind of light boat,
fr. Gr. [written also caravel and caravelle.] (Naut.)

Defn: A name given to several kinds of vessels.
(a) The caravel of the 16th century was a small vessel with broad
bows, high, narrow poop, four masts, and lateen sails. Columbus
commanded three caravels on his great voyage.
(b) A Portuguese vessel of 100 or 150 tons burden.
(c) A small fishing boat used on the French coast.
(d) A Turkish man-of-war.

CARAWAY
Car"a*way, n. Etym: [F. carvi (cf. Sp. carvi and al-caravea, al-
carahueya, Pg. al-caravia) fr. Ar. karawi\'befr. Gr. caraum.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A biennial plant of the Parsley family (Carum Carui). The seeds
have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste. They are used in
cookery and confectionery, and also in medicine as a carminative.

2. A cake or sweetmeat containing caraway seeds.
Caraways, or biscuits, or some other [comfits]. Cogan.

CARBAMIC
Car*bam"ic, a. Etym: [Carbon + amido.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to an acid so called. Carbamic acid (Chem.), an
amido acid, NH2.CO2H, not existing in the free state, but occurring
as a salt of ammonium in commercial ammonium carbonate; -- called
also amido formic acid.

CARBAMIDE
Car*bam"ide, n. Etym: [Carbonyl + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: The technical name for urea.

CARBAMINE
Car*bam"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An isocyanide of a hydrocarbon radical. The carbamines are
liquids, usually colorless, and of unendurable odor.

CARBANIL
Car"ba*nil, n. Etym: [Carbonyl + aniline.] (Chem.)

Defn: A mobile liquid, CO.N.C6H5, of pungent odor. It is the phenyl
salt of isocyanic acid.

CARBAZOL
Car"ba*zol, n. Etym: [Carbon + azo + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystallized substance, C12H8NH, derived from aniline
and other amines.

CARBAZOTATE
Car*baz"o*tate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of carbazotic or picric acid; a picrate.

CARBAZOTIC
Car`ba*zot"ic, a. Etym: [Carbon + azole.]

Defn: Containing, or derived from, carbon and nitrogen. Carbazotic
acid (Chem.), picric acid. See under Picric.

CARBIDE
Car"bide, n. Etym: [Carbon + -ide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of carbon with some other element or radical,
in which the carbon plays the part of a negative; -- formerly termed
carburet.

CARBIMIDE
Car"bi*mide, n. Etym: [Carbon + imide] (Chem.)

Defn: The technical name for isocyanic acid. See under Isocyanic.

CARBINE
Car"bine, n. Etym: [F. carbine, OF. calabrin carabineer (cf. Ot.
calabrina a policeman), fr. OF & Pr. calabre, OF. cable, chable, an
engine of war used in besieging, fr. LL. chadabula, cabulus, a kind
of projectile machine, fr. Gr. Parable.] (Mil.)

Defn: A short, light musket or rifle, esp. one used by mounted
soldiers or cavalry.

CARBINEER
Car`bi*neer", n. Etym: [F. carabinier.] (Mil.)

Defn: A soldier armed with a carbine.

CARBINOL
Car"bi*nol, n. Etym: [Carbin (Kolbe's name for the radical) + -ol.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Methyl alcohol, CH3OH; -- also, by extension, any one in the
homologous series of paraffine alcohols of which methyl alcohol is
the type.

CARBOHYDRATE
Car`bo*hy"drate, n. Etym: [Carbon + hydrate.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: One of a group of compounds including the sugars, starches, and
gums, which contain six (or some multiple of six) carbon atoms,
united with a variable number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, but with
the two latter always in proportion as to form water; as dextrose,
C6H12O6.

CARBOHYDRIDE
Car`bo*hy"dride, n. Etym: [Carbon + hydrogen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon.

CARBOLIC
Car*bol"ic, a. Etym: [L. carbo coal + oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid derived from coal tar
and other sources; as, carbolic acid (called also phenic acid, and
phenol). See Phenol.

CARBOLIZE
Car"bo*lize, v. t. (Med.)

Defn: To apply carbonic acid to; to wash or treat with carbolic acid.

CARBON
Car"bon, n. Etym: [F. carbone, fr. L. carbo coal; cf, Skr. (Chem.)

Defn: An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is
present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it
is combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and
enters largely into mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it
constitutes the diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in
monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is
graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in
hexagonal prisms or tables. When united with oxygen it forms carbon
dioxide, commonly called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide, according
to the proportions of the oxygen; when united with hydrogen, it forms
various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare Diamond, and Graphite.
Carbon compounds, Compounds of carbon (Chem.), those compounds
consisting largely of carbon, commonly produced by animals and
plants, and hence called organic compounds, though their synthesis
may be effected in many cases in the laboratory.
The formation of the compounds of carbon is not dependent upon the
life process. I. Remsen
-Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide. (Chem.) See under Carbonic.
 -- Carbon light (Elec.), an extremely brilliant electric light
produced by passing a galvanic current through two carbon points kept
constantly with their apexes neary in contact.
 -- Carbon point (Elec.), a small cylinder or bit of gas carbon moved
forward by clockwork so that, as it is burned away by the electric
current, it shall contantly maintain its proper relation to the
opposing point.
 -- Carbon tissue, paper coated with gelatine and pigment, used in
the autotype process of photography. Abney.
 -- Gas carbon, a compact variety of carbon obtained as an
incrustation on the interior of gas retorts, and used for the
manufacture of the carbon rods of pencils for the voltaic, arc, and
for the plates of voltaic batteries, etc.

CARBONACEOUS
Car"bo*na`ceous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or composed of, carbon.

CARBONADE; CARBONADO
Car"bo*nade, Car`bo*na"do, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carbonnade, It.
carbonata, Sp. carbonada, from L. carbo coal.] (Cookery)

Defn: Flesh, fowl, etc., cut across, seasoned, and broiled on coals;
a chop. [Obs.]

CARBONADO; CARBONADE
Car`bo*na"do, Car"bo*nade, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carbonadoed; p. pr. &
vb. n. Carbonadoing.]

1. To cut (meat) across for frying or broiling; to cut or slice and
broil. [Obs.]
A short-legged hen daintily carbonadoed. Bean. & Fl.

2. To cut or hack, as in fighting. [Obs.]
I'll so carbonado your shanks. Shak.

CARBONADO
Car`bo*na"do, n.; pl. Carbonadoes. Etym: [Pg., carbonated.] (Min.)

Defn: A black variety of diamond, found in Brazil, and used for
diamond drills. It occurs in irregular or rounded fragments, rarely
distinctly crystallized, with a texture varying from compact to
porous.

CARBONARISM
Car`bo*na"rism, n.

Defn: The principles, practices, or organization of the Carbonari.

CARBONARO
Car`bo*na"ro, n.; pl. Carbonari. Etym: [It., a coal man.]

Defn: A member of a secret political association in Italy, organized
in the early part of the nineteenth centry for the purpose of
changing the government into a republic.

Note: The origin of the Carbonari is uncertain, but the society is
said to have first met, in 1808, among the charcoal burners of the
mountains, whose phraseology they adopted.

CARBONATATION
Car`bon*a*ta"tion, n. Etym: [From Carbonate.] (Sugar Making)

Defn: The saturation of defecated beet juice with carbonic acid gas.
Knight.

CARBONATE
Car"bon*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carbonate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt or carbonic acid, as in limestone, some forms of lead
ore, etc.

CARBONATED
Car"bon*a`ted, a.

Defn: Combined or impregnated with carbonic acid.

CARBONE
Car"bone, v. t. Etym: [See Carbonado.]

Defn: To broil. [Obs.] "We had a calf's head carboned". Pepys.

CARBONIC
Car*bon"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. carbonique. See Carbon.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, carbon; as, carbonic
oxide. Carbonic acid (Chem.), an acid H2CO3, not existing separately,
which, combined with positive or basic atoms or radicals, forms
carbonates. On common language the term is very generally applied to
a compound of carbon and oxygen, CO2, more correctly called carbon
dioxide. It is a colorless, heavy, irrespirable gas, extinguishing
flame, and when breathed destroys life. It can be reduced to a liquid
and solid form by intense pressure. It is produced in the
fermentation of liquors, and by the combustion and decomposition of
organic substances, or other substances containing carbon. It is
formed in the explosion of fire damp in mines, and is hance called
after damp; it is also know as choke damp, and mephilic air. Water
will absorb its own volume of it, and more than this under pressure,
and in this state becomes the common soda water of the shops, and the
carbonated water of natural springs. Combined with lime it
constitutes limestone, or common marble and chalk. Plants imbibe it
for their nutrition and growth, the carbon being retained and the
oxygen given out.
 -- Carbonic oxide (Chem.), a colorless gas, CO, of a light odor,
called more correctly carbon monoxide. It is almost the only
definitely known compound in which carbon seems to be divalent. It is
a product of the incomplete combustion of carbon, and is an abundant
constituent of water gas. It is fatal to animal life, extinguishes
combustion, and burns with a pale blue flame, forming carbon dioxide.

CARBONIDE
Car"bon*ide, n.

Defn: A carbide. [R.]

CARBONIFEROUS
Car`bon*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Carbon + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing or containing carbon or coal. Carboniferous age
(Geol.), the age immediately following the Devonian, or Age of
fishes, and characterized by the vegatation which formed the coal
beds. This age embraces three periods, the Subcarboniferous, the
Carboniferous, and Permian. See Age of acrogens, under Acrogen.
 -- Carboniferous formation (Geol.), the series of rocks (including
sandstones, shales, limestones, and conglomerates, with beds of coal)
which make up the strata of the Carboniferous age or period. See the
Diagram under Geology.

CARBONITE
Car"bon*ite, n.  [Carbon + -ite.]

1.

Defn: An explosive consisting essentially of nitroglycerin, wood
meal, and some nitrate, as that of sodium.

2.  An explosive composed of nitrobenzene, saltpeter, sulphur, and
kieselguhr.

CARBONIZATION
Car`bon*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carbonisation.]

Defn: The act or process of carbonizing.

CARBONIZE
Car"bon*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carbonized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Carbonizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. carboniser.]

1. To cover (an animal or vegatable substance) into a residue of
carbon by the action of fire or some corrosive agent; to char.

2. To impregnate or combine with carbon, as in making steel by
cementation.

CARBONOMETER
Car`bon*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Carbon + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for detecting and measuring the amount of carbon
which is present, or more esp. the amount of carbon dioxide, by its
action on limewater or by other means.

CARBON PROCESS
Car"bon process. (Photog.)

Defn: A printing process depending on the effect of light on
bichromatized gelatin. Paper coated with a mixture of the gelatin and
a pigment is called carbon paper or carbon tissue. This is exposed
under a negative and the film is transferred from the paper to some
other support and developed by washing (the unexposed portions being
dissolved away). If the process stops here it is called single
transfer; if the image is afterward transferred in order to give an
unreversed print, the method is called double transfer.

CARBON STEEL
Carbon steel.

Defn: Steel deriving its qualities from carbon chiefly, without the
presence of other alloying elements; --opposed to alloy steel.

CARBON TRANSMITTER
Carbon transmitter.

Defn: A telephone transmitter in which a carbon contact is used.

CARBONYL
Car"bon*yl, n. Etym: [Carbon + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The radical (CO)'\'b7, occuring, always combined, in many
compounds, as the aldehydes, the ketones, urea, carbonyl chloride,
etc.

Note: Though denoted by a formula identical with that of carbon
monoxide, it is chemically distinct, as carbon seems to be divalent
in carbon monoxide, but tetravalent in carbonyl compounds. Carbonyl
chloride (Chem.), a colorless gas, COCl2, of offensive odor, and
easily condensable to liquid. It is formed from chlorine and carbon
monoxide, under the influence of light, and hence has been called
phosgene gas; -- called also carbon oxychloride.

CARBORUNDUM
Car`bo*run"dum, [Carbon + corundum.]

Defn: A beautiful crystalline compound, SiC, consisting of carbon and
silicon in combination; carbon silicide. It is made by heating carbon
and sand together in an electric furnace. The commercial article is
dark-colored and iridescent. It is harder than emery, and is used as
an abrasive.

CARBORUNDUM CLOTH; CARBORUNDUM PAPER
Carborundum cloth or paper.

Defn: Cloth or paper covered with powdered carborundum.

CARBOSTYRIL
Car`bo*sty"ril, n. Etym: [Carbon + styrene.]

Defn: A white crystalline substance, C9H6N.OH, of acid properties
derived from one of the amido cinnamic acids.

CARBOXIDE
Car*box"ide, n. Etym: [Carbon + oxide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of carbon and oxygen, as carbonyl, with some element
or radical; as, potassium carboxide. Potassium carboxide, a grayish
explosive crystalline compound, C6O6K, obtained by passing carbon
monoxide over heated potassium.

CARBOXYL
Car*box"yl, n. Etym: [Carbon + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The complex radical, CO.OH, regarded as the essential and
characteristic constituent which all oxygen acids of carbon (as
formic, acetic, benzoic acids, etc.) have in common; -- called also
oxatyl.

CARBOY
Car"boy, n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. & Gael carb basket; or Pers qurabah a sort
of bottle.]

Defn: A large, globular glass bottle, esp. one of green glass,
inclosed in basket work or in a box, for protection; -- used commonly
for carrying corrosive liquids; as sulphuric acid, etc.

CARBUNCLE
Car"bun*cle, n. Etym: [L. carbunculus a little coal, a bright kind of
precious stone, a kind of tumor, dim. of carbo coal: cf. F.
carboncle. See Carbon.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A beautiful gem of a deep red color (with a mixture of scarlet)
called by the Greeks anthrax; found in the East Indies. When held up
to the sun, it loses its deep tinge, and becomes of the color of
burning coal. The name belongs for the most part to ruby sapphire,
though it has been also given to red spinel and garnet.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A very painful acute local inflammation of the subcutaneous
tissue, esp. of the trunk or back of the neck, characterized by
brawny hardness of the affected parts, sloughing of the skin and
deeper tissues, and marked constitutional depression. It differs from
a boil in size, tendency to spread, and the absence of a central
core, and is frequently fatal. It is also called anthrax.

3. (Her.)

Defn: A charge or bearing supposed to represent the precious stone.
It has eight scepters or staves radiating from a common center.
Called also escarbuncle.

CARBUNCLED
Car"bun*cled, a.

1. Set with carbuncles.
He has deserves it [armor], were it carbuncled Like holy Phabus' car.
Shak.

2. Affected with a carbuncle or carbuncles; marked with red sores;
pimpled and blotched. "A carbuncled face." Brome.

CARBUNCULAR
Car*bun"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Belonging to a carbuncle; resembling a carbuncle; red;
inflamed.

CARBUNCULATION
Car*bun`cu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. carbunculatio.]

Defn: The blasting of the young buds of trees or plants, by excessive
heat or caold. Harris.

CARBURET
Car"bu*ret, n. Etym: [From Carbon.] (Chem.)

Defn: A carbide. See Carbide [Archaic]

CARBURET
Car"bu*ret, v. t. [imp & p. p. Carbureted or Carburetted (p. pr. &
vb. n. Carbureting or Carburetting.]

Defn: To combine or to impregnate with carbon, as by passing through
or over a liquid hydrocarbon; to carbonize or carburize.
By carbureting the gas you may use poorer coal. Knight.

CARBURETANT
Car"bu*ret`ant, n.

Defn: Any volatile liquid used in charging illuminating gases.

CARBURETED
Car"bu*ret`ed, a.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined with carbon in the manner of a carburet or carbide.

2. Saturated or impregnated with some volatile carbon compound; as,
water gas is carbureted to increase its illuminating power. [Written
also carburetted.] Carbureted hydrogen gas, any one of several
gaseous compounds of carbon and hydrogen, some of with make up
illuminating gas.
 -- Light carbureted hydrogen, marsh gas, CH4; fire damp.

CARBURETOR
Car"bu*ret`or, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus in which coal gas, hydrogen, or air is passed
through or over a volatile hydrocarbon, in order to confer or
increase illuminating power. [Written also carburettor.]

CARBURETOR; CARBURETTOR
Car"bu*ret`or, Car"bu*ret`tor, n.

Defn: One that carburets; specif., an apparatus in which air or gas
is carbureted, as by passing it through a light petroleum oil. The
carburetor for a gasoline engine is usually either a surface
carburetor, or a float, float-feed, or spray, carburetor. In the
former air is charged by being passed over the surface of gasoline.
In the latter a fine spray of gasoline is drawn from an atomizing
nozzle by a current of air induced by the suction of the engine
piston, the supply of gasoline being regulated by a float which
actuates a needle valve controlling the outlet of the feed pipe.
Alcohol and other volatile inflammable liquids may be used instead of
gasoline.

CARBURIZATION
Car"bu*ri*za`tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The act, process, or result of carburizing.

CARBURIZE
Car"bu*rize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carburized; p. pr. & vb. N.
Carburizing.] (Chem.)

Defn: To combine wtih carbon or a carbon compound; -- said esp. of a
process for conferring a higher degree of illuminating power on
combustible gases by mingling them with a vapor of valatile
hydrocarbons.

CARCAJOU
Car"ca*jou, n. Etym: [Probably a Canadian French corruption of an
Indian name of the wolverene.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wolverence; -- also applied, but erroneously, to the Canada
lynx, and sometimes to the American badger. See Wolverene.

CARCANET
Car"ca*net, n. Etym: [Dim. fr. F. carcan the iron collar or chain of
a criminal, a chain of preciousstones, LL. carcannum, fr. Armor.
kerchen bosom, neck, kechen collar, fr. kelch circle; or Icel. kverk
troat, OHG, querca throat.]

Defn: A jeweled chain, necklace, or collar. [Also written carkenet
and carcant.] Shak.

CARCASE
Car"case, n.

Defn: See Carcass.

CARCASS
Car"cass, n.; pl. Carcasses. [Written also carcase.] Etym: [F.
carcasse, fr. It. carcassa, fr. L. caro flesh + capsa chest, box,
case. Cf. Carnal, Case a sheath.]

1. A dead body, whether of man or beast; a corpse; now commonly the
dead body of a beast.
He turned to see the carcass of the lion. Judges xiv. 8.
This kept thousands in the town whose carcasses went into the great
pits by cartloads. De Foe.

2. The living body; -- now commonly used in contempt or ridicule. "To
pamper his own carcass." South.
Lovely her face; was ne'er so fair a creature. For earthly carcass
had a heavenly feature. Oldham.

3. The abandoned and decaying remains of some bulky and once comely
thing, as a ship; the skeleton, or the uncovered or unfinished frame,
of a thing.
A rotten carcass of a boat. Shak.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A hollow case or shell, filled with combustibles, to be thrown
from a mortar or howitzer, to set fire to buldings, ships, etc.
A discharge of carcasses and bombshells. W. Iving.

CARCAVELHOS
Car`ca*vel"hos, n.

Defn: A sweet wine. See Calcavella.

CARCELAGE
Car"ce*lage, n. Etym: [LL. carcelladium, carceragium, fr. L. carcer
prison.]

Defn: Prison fees. [Obs.]

CARCEL LAMP
Car"cel lamp`. Etym: [Named after Carcel, the inventor.]

Defn: A French mechanical lamp, for lighthouses, in which a
superbundance of oil is pumped to the wick tube by clockwork.

CARCERAL
Car"cer*al, a. Etym: [L. carceralis, fr. carcer prison.]

Defn: Belonging a prison. [R.] Foxe.

CARCINOLOGICAL
Car`ci*no*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to carcinology.

CARCINOLOGY
Car`ci*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The depertment of zoölogy which treats of the Crustacea
(lobsters, crabs, etc.); -- called also malacostracology and
crustaceology.

CARCINOMA
Car`ci*no"ma, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A cancer. By some medical writers, the term is applied to an
indolent tumor. See Cancer. Dunglison.

CARCINOMATOUS
Car`ci*nom"a*tous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to carcinoma.

CARCINOSYS
Car`ci*no"sys, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: The affection of the system with cancer.

CARD
Card, n. Etym: [F. carte, fr. L. charta paper, Gr. Chart.]

1. A piece of pasteboard, or thick paper, blank or prepared for
various uses; as, a playing card; a visiting card; a card of
invitation; pl. a game played with cards.
Our first cards were to Carabas House. Thackeray.

2. A published note, containing a brief statement, explanation,
request, expression of thanks, or the like; as, to put a card in the
newspapers. Also, a printed programme, and (fig.), an attraction or
inducement; as, this will be a good card for the last day of the
fair.

3. A paper on which the points of the compass are marked; the dial or
face of the mariner's compass.
All the quartere that they know I' the shipman's card. Shak.

4. (Weaving)

Defn: A perforated pasteboard or sheet-metal plate for warp threads,
making part of the Jacquard apparatus of a loom. See Jacquard.

5. An indicator card. See under Indicator. Business card, a card on
which is printed an advertisement or business address.
 -- Card basket (a) A basket to hold visiting cards left by callers.
(b) A basket made of cardboard.
 -- Card catalogue. See Catalogue.
 -- Card rack, a rack or frame for holding and displaying business or
visiting card.
 -- Card table, a table for use inplaying cards, esp. one having a
leaf which folds over.
 -- On the cards, likely to happen; foretold and expected but not yet
brought to pass; -- a phrase of fortune tellers that has come into
common use; also, according to the programme.
 -- Playing card, cards used in playing games; specifically, the
cards cards used playing which and other games of chance, and having
each pack divided onto four kinds or suits called hearts, diamonds,
clubs, and spades. The full or whist pack contains fifty-two cards.
 -- To have the cards in one's own hands, to have the winning cards;
to have the means of success in an undertaking.
 -- To play one's cards well, to make no errors; to act shrewdly.
 -- To play snow one's cards, to expose one's plants to rivals or
foes.
 -- To speak by the card, to speak from information and definitely,
not by guess as in telling a ship's bearing by the compass card.
 -- Visiting card, a small card bearing the name, and sometimes the
address, of the person presenting it.

CARD
Card, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Carded; p. pr. & vb. n. Carding.]

Defn: To play at cards; to game. Johnson.

CARD
Card, n. Etym: [F. carde teasel, the head of a thistle, card, from L.
carduus, cardus, thistle, fr. carere to card.]

1. An instrument for disentangling and arranging the fibers of
cotton, wool, flax, etc.; or for cleaning and smoothing the hair of
animals; -- usually consisting of bent wire teeth set closely in rows
in a thick piece of leather fastened to a back.

2. A roll or sliver of fiber (as of wool) delivered from a carding
machine. Card clothing, strips of wire-toothed card used for covering
the cylinders of carding machines.

CARD
Card, v. t.

1. To comb with a card; to cleanse or disentangle by carding; as, to
card wool; to card a horse.
These card the short comb the longer flakes. Dyer.

2. To clean or clear, as if by using a card. [Obs.]
This book [must] be carded and purged. T. Shelton.

3. To mix or mingle, as with an inferior or weaker article. [Obs.]
You card your beer, if you guests being to be drunk.
 -- half small, half strong. Greene.

Note: In the manufacture of wool, cotton, etc., the process of
carding disentangles and collects together all the fibers, of
whatever length, and thus differs from combing, in which the longer
fibers only are collected, while the short straple is combed away.
See Combing.

CARDAMINE
Car"da*mine, n. Etym: [L. cardamina, Gr. cardamine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of cruciferous plants, containing the lady's-smock,
cuckooflower, bitter cress, meadow cress, etc.

CARDAMOM
Car"da*mom, n. Etym: [L. cardamonun, Gr.

1. The aromatic fruit, or capsule with its seeds, of several plants
of the Ginger family growing in the East Indies and elsewhere, and
much used as a condiment, and in medicine.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant which prduces cardamoms, esp. Elettaria Cardamomum and
several of Amommum.

CARDBOARD
Card"board, n.

Defn: A stiff compact pasteboard of various qualities, for making
cards, etc., often having a polished surface.

CARDCASE
Card"case`, n.

Defn: A case for visiting cards.

CARDECU
Car"de*cu, n. Etym: [Corrupt, from F. quart d'écu.]

Defn: A quarter of a crown. [Obs.]
The bunch of them were not worth a cardecu. Sir W. Scott.

CARDER
Card"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which cards wool flax, etc. Shak.

CARDIA
Car"di*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)
(a) The heart.
(b) The anterior or cardiac orifice of the stomach, where the
esophagus enters it.

CARDIAC
Car"di*ac, a. Etym: [L. cardiacus, Gr. , fr. cardiaque.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, resembling, or hear the heart; as, the cardiac
arteries; the cardiac, or left, end of the stomach.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Exciting action in the heart, through the medium of the
stomach; cordial; stimulant. Cardiac passion (Med.) cardialgia;
heartburn. [Archaic] -- Cardiac wheel. (Mach.) See Heart wheel.

CARDIAC
Car"di*ac n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine which excites action in the stomach; a cardial.

CARDIACAL
Car*di"a*cal, a.

Defn: Cardiac.

CARDIACLE
Car"di*a*cle, n.

Defn: A pain about the heart. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CARDIAGRAPH
Car"di*a*graph, n.

Defn: See Cardiograph.

CARDIALGLA; CARDIALGY
Car`di*al"gl*a, Car"di*al`gy, n. Etym: [NL. cardialgia, fr. Gr.
cardialgie.] (Med.)

Defn: A burning or gnawing pain, or feeling of distress, referred to
the region of the heart, accompanied with cardisc palpitation;
heartburn. It is usually a symptom of indigestion.

CARDIGAN JACKET
Car"di*gan jack`et. Etym: [From the Earl of Cardigan, who was famous
in the Crimean campaign of 1854-55.]

Defn: A warm jacket of knit worsted with or without sleeves.

CARDINAL
Car"di*nal, a. Etym: [L. cardinalis, fr. cardo the hing of a door,
that on which a thing turns or depends: cf. F. cardinal.]

Defn: Of fundamental importance; preëminet; superior; chief;
principal.
The cardinal intersections of the zodiac. Sir T. Browne.
Impudence is now a cardinal virtue. Drayton.
But cardinal sins, and hollow hearts, I fear ye. Shak.
Cardinal numbers, the numbers one, two, three, etc., in distinction
from first, second, third, etc., which are called ordinal numbers.
 -- Cardinal points (a) (Geol.) The four principal points of the
compass, or intersections of the horizon with the meridian and the
prime vertical circle, north, south east, and west. (b) (Astrol.) The
rising and setting of the sun, the zenith and nadir.
 -- Cardinal signs (Astron.) Aries, Lidra, Cancer, and Capricorn.
 -- Cardinal teeth (Zoöl.), the central teeth of bivalve shell. See
Bivalve.
 -- Cardinal veins (Anat.), the veins in vertebrate embryos, which
run each side of the vertebral column and returm the blood to the
heart. They remain through life in some fishes.
 -- Cardinal virtues, preëminent virtues; among the ancients,
prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude.
 -- Cardinal winds, winds which blow from the cardinal points due
north, south, east, or west.

CARDINAL
Car"di*nal, n. Etym: [F. carinal, It. cardinale, LL. cardimalis
(ecclesiæ Romanæ). See Cardinal, a.]

Defn: 1. (R.C.Ch.) One of the ecclesiastical prince who constitute
the pope's council, or the sacred college.
The clerics of the supreme Chair are called Cardinals, as undoubtedly
adhering more nearly to the hinge by which all things are moved. Pope
Leo IX.

Note: The cardinals are appointed by the pope. Since the time of
Sixtus V., their number can never exceed seventy (six of episcopal
rank, fifty priests, fourteen deacons), and the number of cardinal
priests and deacons is seldom full. When the papel chair is vacant a
pope is elected by the college of cardinals from among themselves.
The cardinals take procedence of all dignitaries except the pope. The
principal parts of a cardinal's costume are a red cassock, a rochet,
a short purple mantle, and a red hat with a small crown and broad,
brim, with cards and tessels of a special pattern hanging from it.

2. A woman's short cloak with a hood.
Where's your cardinal! Make haste. Lloyd.

3. Mulled red wine. Hotten.

Cardinal bird, or Cardinal grosbeak (Zoöl.), an American song bird
(Cardinalis cardinalis, or C. Virginianus), of the family
Fringillidæ, or finches having a bright red plumage, and a high,
pointed crest on its head. The males have loud and musical notes
resembling those of a fife. Other related species are also called
cardinal birds.
 -- Cardinal flower (Bot.), an herbaceous plant (Lobelia cardinalis)
bearing brilliant red flowers of much beauty.
 -- Cardinal red, color like that of a cardinal's cassock, hat, etc.;
a bright red, darket than scarlet, and between scarlet and crimson.

CARDINALATE
Car"di*nal*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cardinalat, LL. cardinalatus.]

Defn: The office, rank, or dignity of a cardinal.

CARDINALIZE
Car"di*nal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To exalt to the office of a cardinal. Sheldon.

CARDINALSHIP
Car"di*nal*ship, n.

Defn: The condition, dignity, of office of a cardinal

CARDING
Card"ing, a.

1. The act or process of preparing staple for spinning, etc.,
bycarding it. See the Note under Card, v. t.

2. A roll of wool or other fiber as it comes from the carding
machine. Carding engine, Carding machine, a machine for carding
cotton, wool, or other fiber, by subjecting it to the action of
cylinders, or drum covered with wire-toothed cards, revoling nearly
in contact with each other, at different rates of speed, or in
opposite directions, The staple issues in soft sheets, or in slender
rolls called sivers.

CARDIOGRAM
Car"di*o*gram`, n. [Gr.  heart + -gram.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The curve or tracing made by a cardiograph.

CARDIOGRAPH
Car"di*o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.] (Med.)

Defn: An instrument which, when placed in contact with the chest,
will register graphically the comparative duration and intensity of
the heart's movements.

CARDIOGRAPHIC
Car`di*o*graph"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or produced by, a cardiograph.

CARDIOGRAPHY
Car`di*og"ra*phy, n.

1. Description of the heart.

2.  (Physiol.) Examination by the cardiograph.

CARDIOID
Car"di*oid, n. Etym: [Gr. ( (Math.)

Defn: An algebraic curve, so called from its resemblance to a heart.

CARDIOINHIBITORY
Car`di*o*in*hib"i*to*ry, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Checking or arresting the heart's action.

CARDIOLGY
Car`di*ol"*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -ology.]

Defn: The science which treats of the heart and its functions.

CARDIOMETRY
Car`di*om"e*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -metry.] (Med.)

Defn: Measurement of the heart, as by percussion or auscultation.

CARDIOSCLEROSIS
Car"di*o*scle*ro"sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  heart + sclerosis.]

Defn: Induration of the heart, caused by development of fibrous
tissue in the cardiac muscle.

CARDIOSPHYGMOGRAPH
Car`di*o*sphyg"mo*graph, n.

Defn: A combination of cardiograph and shygmograph.

CARDITIS
Car*di"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis: cf. F. cardile.] (Med)

Defn: Inflammation of the fleshy or muscular substance of the heart.
See Endocardris and Pericarditis. Dunglison.

CARDO
Car"do, n.; pl. Cardies.) Etym: [L., a hinge.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The basal joint of the maxilla in insects.
(b) The hinge of a bivalve shell.

CARDOL
Car"dol, n. Etym: [NL. Anacardium generic name of the cashew + L.
oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow oil liquid, extracted from the shell of the cashew
nut.

CARDOON
Car*doon", n. Etym: [F. cardon. The same word as F. cardon thistle,
fr. L. carduus, cardus, LL. cardo. See 3d Card.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large herbaceos plant (Cynara Cardunculus) related to the
artichoke; -- used in cookery and as a sald.

CARE
Care, n. Etym: [AS. caru, cearu; akin to OS. kara sorrow Goth. kara
lament, and to Gr. . Not akin to cure. Cf. Chary.]

1. A burdensome sense of responsibility; trouble caused by onerous
duties; anxiety; concern; solicitude.
Care keeps his wath in every old man's eye, And where care lodges,
sleep will never lie. Shak.

2. Charge, oversight, or management, implying responsibility for
safety and prosperity.
The care of all the churches. 2 Car. xi. 28
Him thy care must be to find. Milton.
Perlexed with a thousand cares. Shak.

3. Attention or heed; caution; regard; heedfulness; watchfulness; as,
take care; have a care.
I thank thee for thy care and honest pains. Shak.

4. The object of watchful attention or anxiety.
Right sorrowfully mourning her bereaved cares. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- Anxiety; solicitude; concern; caution; regard; management;
direction; oversight.
 -- Care, Anxiety, Solicitude, Concern. These words express mental
pain in different degress. Care belongs primarily to the intellect,
and becomes painful from overburdened thought. Anxiety denotes a
state of distressing uneasiness fron the dread of evil. Solicitude
expresses the same feeling in a diminished dagree. Concern is opposed
to indifference, and implies exercise of anxious thought more or less
intense. We are careful about the means, solicitous and anxious about
the end; we are solicitous to obtain a good, axious to avoid an evil.

CARE
Care, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cared; p. pr. & vb. n. Caring.] Etym: [AS.
cearian. See Care, n.]

Defn: To be anxious or solictous; to be concerned; to have regard or
interest; -- sometimes followed by an objective of measure.
I would not care a pin, if the other three were in. Shak.
Master, carest thou not that we perish Mark. iv. 38.
To care for. (a) To have under watchful attention; to take care of.
(b) To have regard or affection for; to like or love.
He cared not for the affection of the house. Tennyson.

CAREEN
Ca*reen", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Careened; p. pr. & vb. n. Careening.]
Etym: [OF. cariner, F. caréner, fr. OF. carène, the bottom of a ship,
keel, fr. L. carina.] (Naut.)

Defn: To cause (a vessel) to lean over so that she floats on one
side, leaving the other side out of water and accessible for repairs
below the water line; to case to be off the keel.

CAREEN
Ca*reen" (, v. i.

Defn: To incline to one side, or lie over, as a ship when sailing on
a wind; to be off the keel.

CAREENAGE
Ca*reen"age, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carénage.] (Naut.)
(a) Expense of careening ships.
(b) A place for careening.

CAREER
Ca*reer", n. Etym: [F. carrière race course, high road, street, fr.
L. carrus wagon. See Car.]

1. A race course: the ground run over.
To go back again the same career. Sir P. Sidney.

2. A running; full speed; a rapid course.
When a horse is running in his full career. Wilkins.

3. General course of action or conduct in life, or in a particular
part or calling in life, or in some special undertaking; usually
applied to course or conduct which is of a pubic character; as,
Washington's career as a soldier.
An impartial view of his whole career. Macaulay.

4. (Falconary)

Defn: The fight of a hawk.

CAREER
Ca*reer", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Careered 3; p. pr. & vb. n. Careering]

Defn: To move or run rapidly.
areering gayly over the curling waves. W. Irving.

CAREFUL
Care"ful, a. Etym: [AS. cearful.]

1. Full of care; anxious; solicitous [Archaic]
Be careful [Rev. Ver. "anxious"] for nothing. Phil. iv. 6.
The careful plowman doubting stands. Milton.

2. Filling with care or colicitube; exposing to concern, anxiety, or
trouble; painful.
The careful cold beinneth for to creep. Spenser.
By Him that raised me to this careful height. Shak.

3. Taking care; gicing good heed; watchful; cautious; provident; not
indifferent heedless, or reckless; -- often follower byof, for, or
the infinitive; as, careful of money; careful to do right.
Thou hast been careful for us with all this care. 2. Kings iv, 13.
What could a careful father more have done Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Anxious; solicitous; provident; thoughtful; cautious;
circumspect; heedful; watchful; vigilant.

CAREFULLY
Care"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In a careful manner.

CAREFULNESS
Care"ful*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being careful.

CARELESS
Care"less, a. Etym: [AS. cearleás.]

1. Free from care or anxiety. hence, cheerful; light-hearted.
Spenser.
Sleep she as sound as careless infancy. Shak.

2. Having no care; not taking ordinary or proper care; negligent;
unconcerned; heedless; inattentive; unmindful; regardless.
My brother was too careless of his charge. Shak.
He grew careless of himself. Steele.

3. Without thought or purpose; without due care; without attention to
rule or system; unstudied; inconsiderate; spontaneouse; rash; as, a
careless throw; a careless expression.
He framed the careless rhyme. Beatie.

4. Not receiving care; uncared for. [R.]
Their many wounds and careless hatms. Spemser.

Syn.
 -- Negligent; heedless; thoughtless; unthinking; inattentive;
incautious; remiss; forgetful; regardless; inconsiderate; listless.

CARELESSLY
Care"less*ly, adv.

Defn: In a careless manner.

CARELESSNESS
Care"less*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being careless; heedlessness;
negligenece; inattention.

CARENE
Ca*rene", n. Etym: [LL. carena, corrupted fr. quarentena. See
Quarantine.] (Ecol.)

Defn: A fast of forty days on bread and water. [Obs.]

CARESS
Ca*ress", n. Etym: [F. caresse, It. carezza, LL. caritia dearness,
fr. L. carus dear. See Charity.]

Defn: An act of endearment; any act or expression of affection; an
embracing, or touching, with tenderness.
Wooed her with his soft caresses. Langfellow.
He exerted himself to win by indulgence and caresses the hearts of
all who were under his command. Macaulay.

CARESS
Ca*ress", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caressed; p. pr. & vb. n. Caressing.]
Etym: [F. caresser, fr. It. carezzare, fr. carezza caress. See
Caress., n.]

Defn: To treat with tokens of fondness, affection, or kindness; to
touch or speak to in a loving or endearing manner; to fondle.
The lady caresses the rough bloodhoun. Sir W. Scott.

Syn.
 -- To foundle; embrace; pet; coddle; court; flatter.
 -- Caress, Fondle. "We caress by words or actions; we fondle by
actions only." Crabb.

CARESSINGLY
Ca*ress"ing*ly, ad.

Defn: In caressing manner.

CARET
Ca"ret, n. Etym: [L. caret there is wanting, fr. carere to want.]

Defn: A mark [^] used by writers and proof readers to indicate that
something is interlined above, or inserted in the margin, which
belongs in the place marked by the caret.

CARET
Ca`ret", n. Etym: [F., a species of tortoise.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hawkbill turtle. See Hawkbill.

CARETUNED
Care"*tuned, a.

Defn: Weary; mournful. Shak.

CARE-TUNED
Care"-tuned, a.

Defn: Weary; mournful.  Shak.

CAREWORN
Care"worn`, a.

Defn: Worn or burdened with care; as, careworn look or face.

CAREX
Ca"rex, n. Etym: [L., sedge.] (Bot.)

Defn: A numerous and widely distributed genus of perennial herbaceous
plants of the order Cypreaceæ; the sedges.

CARF
Carf,

Defn: pret. of Carve. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CARGASON
Car"ga*son, n. Etym: [F. cargaison, Sp. cargazon, LL. cargare to
load. See rgo.]

Defn: A cargo. [Obs.]

CARGO
Car"go, n.; pl. Cargoes. Etym: [Sp. cargo, carga, burden, load, from
cargar to load, from cargar to load, charge, See Charge.]

Defn: The lading or freight of a ship or other vessel; the goods,
merchandise, or whatever is conveyed in a vessel or boat; load;
freight.
Cargoes of food or clothing. E. Everett.

Note: The term cargo, in law, is usually applied to goods only, and
not to live animals or persons. Burill.

CARGOOSE
Car"goose`, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. Gael. & Ir. cir, cior (pronounced
kir, kior), crest, comb + E. goose. Cf. Crebe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of grebe (Podiceps crisratus); the crested grebe.

CARIAMA
Ça"ri*a"ma, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, long-legged South American bird (Dicholophus
cristatus) which preys upon snakes, etc. See Seriema.

CARIB
Car"ib, n.; pl. Caries. Etym: [See Cannibal.] (Ethol.)

Defn: A native of the Caribbee islands or the coaste of the Caribbean
sea; esp., one of a tribe of Indians inhabiting a region of South
America, north of the Amazon, and formerly most of the West India
islands.

CARIBBEAN; CARIBBEE
Car`ib*be"an, Car`ib*bee, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Caribs, to their islands (the eastern
and southern West Indies), or to the sea (called the Caribbean sa)
lying between those islands and Central America.

CARIBBEE
Car"ib*bee, n.

Defn: A Carib.

CARIBE
Ca*ri"be, n. Etym: [Sp. a cannibal.] (Zoöl).

Defn: A south American fresh water fish of the genus Serrasalmo of
many species, remakable for its voracity. When numerous they attack
man or beast, often with fatal results.

CARIBOU
Car"i*bou, n. Etym: [Canadian French.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American reindeer, especially the common or woodland
species (Rangifer Caribou). Barren Ground caribou. See under Barren.
 -- Woodland caribou, the common reindeer (Rangifer Caribou) of the
northern forests of America.

CARICATURE
Car"i*ca*ture, n. Etym: [It. caricatura, fr. caricare to charge,
overload, exaggerate. See Charge, v. t.]

1. An exaggeration, or distortion by exaggeration, of parts or
characteristics, as in a picture.

2. A picture or other figure or description in which the
peculiarities of a person or thing are so exaggerated as to appear
ridiculous; a burlesque; a parody. [Formerly written caricatura.]
The truest likeness of the prince of French literature will be the
one that has most of the look of a caricature. I. Taylor.
A grotesque caricature of virtue. Macaulay.

CARICATURE
Car"i*ca*ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caricatured; p. pr. & vb. n.
Caricaturing.]

Defn: To make or draw a caricature of; to represent with ridiculous
exaggeration; to burlesque.
He could draw an ill face, or caricature a good one, with a masterly
hand. Lord Lyttelton.

CARICATURIST
Car"i*ca*tu`rist, n.

Defn: One who caricatures.

CARICOUS
Car"i*cous, a. Etym: [L. carica a kind of dry fig.]

Defn: Of the shape of a fig; as, a caricous tumor. Graig.

CARIES
Ca"ri*es, n.Etym: [L., decay.] (Med.)

Defn: Ulceration of bone; a process in which bone disintegrates and
is carried away piecemeal, as distinguished from necrosis, in which
it dies in masses.

CARILLON
Car"il*lon, n. Etym: [F. carillon a chime of bells, originally
consisting of four bells, as if fr.. (assumed) L. quadrilio, fr.
quatuer four.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A chime of bells diatonically tuned, played by clockwork or by
finger keys.

2. A tune adapted to be played by musical bells.

CARINA
Ca*ri"na, n. Etym: [L., keel.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A keel.
(a) That part of a papilionaceous flower, consisting of two petals,
commonly united, which incloses the organs of fructification.
(b) A longitudinal ridge or projection like the keel of a boat.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The keel of the breastbone of birds.

CARINARIA
Car`i*na"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. carina keel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of oceanic heteropod Mollusca, having a thin, glassy,
bonnet-shaped shell, which covers only the nucleus and gills.

CARINATAE
Car`i*na"tæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., Fem. pl. fr. L. carinatus. See
Carinate.]

Defn: A grand division of birds, including all existing flying birds;
-- So called from the carina or keel on the breastbone.

CARINATE; CARINATED
Car"i*nate, Car"i*na`ted a. Etym: [L. carinatus, fr. carina keel.]

Defn: Shaped like the keel or prow of a ship; having a carina or
keel; as, a carinate calyx or leaf; a carinate sternum (of a bird).

CARIOLE
Car"i*ole, n. Etym: [F. carriole, dim. fr. L. carrus. See Car, and
Carryall.]
(a) A small, light, open one-horse carriage.
(b) A covered cart.
(c) A kind of calash. See Carryall.

CARIOPSIS
Car"i*op"sis, n.

Defn: See Caryopsis.

CARIOSITY
Ca`ri*os"i*ty, n. (Med.)

Defn: Caries.

CARIOUS
Ca"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. cariosus, fr. caries dacay.]

Defn: Affected with caries; decaying; as, a carious tooth.

CARK
Cark, n. Etym: [OE. cark, fr. a dialectic form of F. charge; cf. W.
carc anxiety, care, Arm karg charge, burden. See Charge, and cf.
Cargo.]

Defn: A noxious or corroding care; solicitude; worry. [Archaic.]
His heavy head, devoid of careful cark. Spenser.
Fling cark and care aside. Motherwell.
Ereedom from the cares of money and the cark of fashion. R. D.
Blackmore.

CARK
Cark, v. i.

Defn: To be careful, anxious, solicitous, or troubles in mind; to
worry or grieve. [R.] Beau. & fl.

CARK
Cark, v. t.

Defn: To vex; to worry; to make by anxious care or worry. [R.]
Nor can a man, independently . . . of God's blessing, care and cark
himself one penny richer. South.

CARKANET
Car"ka*net, n.

Defn: A carcanet. Southey.

CARKING
Cark"ing, a.

Defn: Distressing; worrying; perplexing; corroding; as, carking
cares.

CARL
Carl, n. Etym: [Icel, karl a male, a man; akin to AS. ceorl, OHG.
charal, G. kerl fellow. See Churl.] [Written also carle.]

1. A rude, rustic man; a churl.
The miller was a stout carl. Chaucer.

2. Large stalks of hemp which bear the seed; -- called also carl
hemp.

3. pl.

Defn: A kind of food. See citation, below.
Caring or carl are gray steeped in water and fried the next day in
butter or fat. They are eaten on the second Sunday before Easter,
formerly called Carl Sunday. Robinson's Whitby Glossary (1875).

CARLIN
Car"lin, n. Etym: [Dim., fr. carl male.]

Defn: An old woman. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

CARLINE; CAROLINE
Car"line, Car"o*line, n. Etym: [F. carin; cf. It. carlino; -- so
called from Carlo (Charles) VI. of Naples.]

Defn: A silver coin once current in some parts of Italy, worth about
seven cents. Simmonds.

CARLINE; CARLING
Car"line, Car"ling n. Etym: [Cf. F. carlingur, Sp. Pg., & It.
carlinga.] (Naut.)

Defn: A short timber running lengthwise of a ship, from one
transverse desk beam to another; also, one of the cross timbers that
strengthen a hath; -- usually in pl.

CARLINE THISTLE
Car"line this`tle. Etym: [F. carline, It., Sp., & Pg., carline, Said
to be so called from the Emperor Charlemagne, whose army is reputed
to have used it as a remedy for pestilence.] (Bot.)

Defn: A prickly plant of the genus Carlina (C. vulgaris), found in
Europe and Asia.

CARLINGS
Car"lings, n. pl.

Defn: Same as Carl, 3. Carling Sunday, a Sunday in Lent when carls
are eaten. In some parts of England, Passion Sunday. See Carl, 4.

CARLIST
Car"list, n.

Defn: A parisan of Charles X. Of France, or of Dod Carlos of Spain.

CARLOCK
Car"lock, n. Etym: [F. carlock, fr. Russ. Karlúk'.]

Defn: A sort of Russian isinglass, made from the air bladder of the
sturgeon, and used in clarifying wine.

CARLOT
Car"lot, n. Etym: [From Carl.]

Defn: A churl; a boor; a peasant or countryman. [Obs.] Shak.

CARLOVINGIAN
Car`lo*vin"gi*an, a. Etym: [F. Carlovingen.]

Defn: Pertaining to, founded by, of descended from, Charlemagne; as,
the Carlovingian race of kings.

CARMAGNOLE
Car`ma`gnole", n. Etym: [F.]

1. A popular or Red Rebublican song and dance, of the time of the
first French Revolution.
They danced and yelled the carmagnole. Compton Reade.

2. A bombastic report from the French armies.

CARMAN
Car"man, n.; pl. Carmen (

Defn: A man whose employment is to drive, or to convey goods in, a
car or car.

CARMELITE; CARMELIN
Car"mel*ite, Car"mel*in a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the order of Carmelites.

CARMELITE
Car"mel*ite, n.

1. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A friar of a mendicant order (the Order of Our Lady of Mount
Carmel) established on Mount Carmel, in Syria, in the twelfth
century; a White Friar.

2. A nun of the Order of Our lady of Mount Carmel.

CAR MILE
Car mile. (Railroads)

Defn: A mile traveled by a single car, taken as a unit of
computation, as in computing the average travel of each car of a
system during a given period.

CAR MILEAGE
Car mileage. (Railroads)
 (a) Car miles collectively.
 (b) The amount paid by one road the use of cars of another road.

CARMINATED
Car"mi*na`ted, a.

Defn: Of, relating to, or mixed with, carmine; as, carminated lake.
Tomlinson.

CARMINATIVE
Car*min"ative, a. Etym: [NL. carminativus (carminare to card hence to
cleanse, fr. carmen a card for freeing wool or flax from the coarser
parts, and from extraneous matter: cf. F. carminatif.]

Defn: Expelling wind from the body; warning; antispasmodic.
"Carmenative hot seeds." Dunglison.

CARMINATIVE
Car*min"a*tive, n.

Defn: A substance, esp. an aromatic, which tends to expel wind from
the alimentary canal, or to relieve colic, griping, or flatulence.

CARMINE
Car"mine, n. Etym: [F. carmin (cf. Sp. carmin, It. carminio), contr.
from LL. carmesinus purple color. See Crimson.]

1. A rich red or crimson color with a shade of purple.

2. A beautiful pigment, or a lake, of this color, prepared from
cochineal, and used in miniature painting.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: The essential coloring principle of cochineal, extracted as a
purple-red amorphous mass. It is a glucoside and possesses acid
properties; -- hence called also carminic acid. Carmine red (Chem.),
a coloring matter obtained from carmine as a purple-red substance,
and probably allied to the phthaleïns.

CARMINIC
Car*min"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or derived from, carmine. Carminic acid.
Same as Carmine, 3.

CARMOT
Car"mot, n. (Alchemy)

Defn: The matter of which the philosopher's stone was believed to be
composed.

CARNAGE
Car"nage, n. Etym: [F. carnage, LL. carnaticum tribute of animals,
flesh of animals, fr. L. caro, carnis, flesh. See Carnal.]

1. Flesh of slain animals or men.
A miltitude of dogs came to feast on the carnage. Macaulay.

2. Great destruction of life, as in battle; bloodshed; slaughter;
massacre; murder; havoc.
The more fearful carnage of the Bloody Circuit. Macaulay.

CARNAL
Car"nal, a. Etym: [L. carnalis, fr. caro, carnis, flesh; akin to Gr.
kravya; cf. F. charnel, Of. also carnel. Cf. Charnel.]

1. Of or pertaining to the body or is appetites; animal; fleshly;
sensual; given to sensual indulgence; lustful; human or worldly as
opposed to spiritual.
For ye are yet carnal. 1 Car. iii. 3.
Not sunk in carnal pleasure. Milton
rnal desires after miracles. Trench.

2. Flesh-devouring; cruel; ravenous; bloody. [Obs.]
This carnal cur Preys on the issue of his mother's body. Shak.
Carnal knowledge, sexual intercourse; -- used especially of an
unlawful act on the part of the man.

CARNALISM
Car"nal*ism, n.

Defn: The state of being carnal; carnality; sensualism. [R.]

CARNALIST
Car"nal*ist, n.

Defn: A sensualist. Burton.

CARNALITY
Car*nal"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. carnalitas.]

Defn: The state of being carnal; fleshly lust, or the indulgence of
lust; grossness of mind.
Because of the carnality of their hearts. Tillotson.

CARNALIZE
Car"nal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carnalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Carnalizing.]

Defn: To make carnal; to debase to carnality.
A sensual and carnalized spirit. John Scott.

CARNALLITE
Car"nal*lite, n. Etym: [G. carnallit, fr. Von Carnall, a Prussian.]
(Min.)

Defn: A hydrous chloride of potassium and magnesium, sometimes found
associated with deposits of rock salt.

CARNALLY
Car"nal*ly, adv.

Defn: According to the flesh, to the world, or to human nature; in a
manner to gratify animal appetites and lusts; sensually.
For to be carnally minded is death; but to be spiritually minded is
life and peace. Rom. viii. 6.

CARNAL-MINDED
Car"nal-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Worldly-minded.

CARNAL-MINDEDNESS
Car"nal-mind"ed*ness, n.

Defn: Grossness of mind.

CARNARY
Car"na*ry, n. Etym: [L. carnarium, fr. caro, carnis, flesh.]

Defn: A vault or crypt in connection with a church, used as a
repository for human bones disintered from their original burial
places; a charnel house.

CARNASSIAL
Car*nas"si*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. carnassier carnivorous, and L. caro,
carnis, flesh.] (Anat.)

Defn: Adapted to eating flesh.
 -- n.

Defn: A carnassial tooth; especially, the last premolar in many
carnivores.

CARNATE
Car"nate, a. Etym: [L. carnatus fleshy.]

Defn: Invested with, or embodied in, flesh.

CARNATION
Car*na"tion, n. Etym: [F. carnation the flesh tints in a painting, It
carnagione, fr. L. carnatio fleshiness, fr. caro, carnis, flesh. See
Carnal.]

1. The natural color of flesh; rosy pink.
Her complexion of the delicate carnation. Ld. Lytton.

2. pl. (Paint.)

Defn: Those parts of a picture in which the human body or any part of
it is represented in full color; the flesh tints.
The flesh tints in painting are termed carnations. Fairholt.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Dianthus (D. Caryophyllus) or pink, having very
beautiful flowers of various colors, esp. white and usually a rich,
spicy scent.

CARNATIONED
Car*na"tioned, a.

Defn: Having a flesh color.

CARNAUBA
Car*nau"ba, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The Brazilian wax palm. See Wax palm.

CARNELIAN
Car*nel"ian, n. Etym: [For carnelian; influenced by L. carneus
fleshy, of flesh, because of its flesh red color. See Cornellan.]
(Min.)

Defn: A variety of chalcedony, of a clear, deep red, flesh red, or
reddish white color. It is moderately hard, capable of a good polish,
and often used for seals.

CARNEOUS
Car"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. carneus, from caro, carnis, flesh.]

Defn: Consisting of, or like, flesh; carnous; fleshy. "Carneous
fibers." Ray.

CARNEY
Car"ney, n. Etym: [Cf. L. carneus flesh.] (Far.)

Defn: A disease of horses, on which the mouth is so furred that the
afflicted animal can not eat.

CARNIC
Car"nic, a. [L. caro, carnis, flesh.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to flesh; specif. (Physiol. Chem.),

Defn: pertaining to or designating a hydroscopic monobasic acid,
C10H15O5N3, obtained as a cleavage product from an acid of muscle
tissue.

CARNIFEX
Car"ni*fex, n. Etym: [L., fr. caro, carnis, flesh + facere to make.]
(Antiq.)

Defn: The public executioner at Rome, who executed persons of the
lowest rank; hence, an executioner or hangman.

CARNIFICATION
Car`ni*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carnification.]

Defn: The act or process of turning to flesh, or to a substance
resembling flesh.

CARNIFY
Car"ni*fy, v. i. Etym: [LL. carnificare, fr. L.o, carnis, flesh +
facere to make: cf. F. carnifier.]

Defn: To form flesh; to become like flesh. Sir M. Hale.

CARNIN
Car"nin, n. Etym: [L. caro, canis , flesh.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline nitrogenous substance, found in extract of
meat, and related to xanthin.

CARNIVAL
Car"ni*val, n. Etym: [It. carnevale, prob. for older carnelevale,
prop., the putting away of meat; fr. L. caro, carnis, flesh _ levare
to take away, lift up, fr. levis light.]

1. A festival celebrated with merriment and revelry in Roman Gatholic
countries during the week before Lent, esp. at Rome and Naples,
during a few days (three to ten) before Lent, ending with Shrove
Tuesday.
The carnival at Venice is everywhere talked of. Addison.

2. Any merrymaking, feasting, or masquerading, especially when
overstepping the bounds of decorum; a time of riotous excess.
Tennyson.
He saw the lean dogs beneath the wall Hold o'er the dead their
carnival Byron.

CARNIVORA
Car*niv"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., neut. pl. from L. carnivorus. See
Carnivorous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Mammallia including the lion, tiger, wolf bear,
seal, etc. They are adapted by their structure to feed upon flesh,
though some of them, as the bears, also eat vegetable food. The teeth
are large and sharp, suitable for cutting flesh, and the jaws
powerful.

CARNIVORACITY
Car*niv`o*rac"i*ty, n.

Defn: Greediness of appetite for flesh. [Sportive.] Pope.

CARNIVORE
Car`ni*vore, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carnivore.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Carnivora.

CARNIVOROUS
Car*niv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. carnivorus; caro, carnis, flesh + varare
to devour.]

Defn: Eating or feeding on flesh. The term is applied: (a) to animals
which naturally seek flesh for food, as the tiger, dog, etc.; (b) to
plants which are supposed to absorb animal food; (c) to substances
which destroy animal tissue, as caustics.

CARNOSE; CARNOUS
Car*nose, Car"*nous, a. Etym: [L. carnosus, fr. caro, carnis, flesh:
cf. OF. carneux, F. charneux.]

1. Of a pertaining to flesh; fleshy.
A distinct carnose muscle. Ray.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Of a fleshy consistence; -- applied to succulent leaves, stems,
etc.

CARNOSITY
Car*nos"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carnosité.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A fleshy excrescence; esp. a small excrescence or fungous
growth. Wiseman.

2. Fleshy substance or quality; fleshy covering.
[Consciences] overgrown with so hard a carnosity. Spelman.
The olives, indeed be very small there, and bigger than capers; yet
commended they are for their carnosity. Holland.

CARNOT'S CYCLE
Car`not's" cy"cle. [After N. L. S. Carnot, French physicist.]
(Thermodynamics)

Defn: An ideal heat-engine cycle in which the working fluid goes
through the following four successive operations: (1) Isothermal
expansion to a desired point; (2) adiabatic expansion to a desired
point; (3) isothermal compression to such a point that (4) adiabatic
compression brings it back to its initial state.

CAROB
Car"ob, n. Etym: [Cf. F. caroube fruit of the carob tree, Sp.
garrobo, al-garrobo, carob tree, fr. Ar. kharrub, Per. Kharnub. Cf.
Clgaroba.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen leguminous tree (Ceratania Siliqua) found in the
countries bordering the Mediterranean; the St. John's bread; --
called also carob tree.

2. One of the long, sweet, succulent, pods of the carob tree, which
are used as food for animals and sometimes eaten by man; -- called
also St. John's bread, carob bean, and algaroba bean.

CAROCHE
Ca*roche", n. Etym: [OF. carrache, F. carrose from It. carrocio,
carrozza, fr. carro, L. carus. See Car.]

Defn: A kind of pleasure carriage; a coach. [Obs.]
To mount two-wheeled caroches. Butler.

CAROCHED
Ca*roched", a.

Defn: Placed in a caroche. [Obs.]
Beggary rides caroched. Massenger.

CAROIGNE
Car"oigne, n. Etym: [See Carrion.]

Defn: Dead body; carrion. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CAROL
Car"ol, n. Etym: [OF. carole a kind of dance wherein many dance
together, fr. caroler to dance; perh. from Celtic; cf. Armor. koroll,
n., korolla, korolli, v., Ir. car music, turn, circular motion, also
L. choraula a flute player, charus a dance, chorus, choir.]

1. A round dance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A song of joy, exultation, or mirth; a lay.
The costly feast, the carol, and the dance. Dryden
It was the carol of a bird. Byron.

3. A song of praise of devotion; as, a Christmas or Easter carol.
Heard a carol, mournful, holy. Tennyson.
In the darkness sing your carol of high praise. Keble.

4. Joyful music, as of a song.
I heard the bells on Christmans Day Their old, familiar carol play.
Longfellow.

CAROL
Car"ol, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caroled, or Carolled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Caroling, or Carolling.]

1. To praise or celebrate in song.
The Shepherds at their festivals Carol her goodness. Milton.

2. To sing, especially with joyful notes.
Hovering awans . . . carol sounds harmonious. Prior.

CAROL
Car"ol, v. i.

Defn: To sing; esp. to sing joyfully; to warble.
And carol of love's high praise. Spenser.
The gray linnets carol from the hill. Beattie.

CAROL; CARROL
Car"ol, Car"rol, n. Etym: [OF. carole a sort of circular space, or
carol.] (Arch.)

Defn: A small closet or inclosure built against a window on the inner
side, to sit in for study. The word was used as late as the 16th
century.
A bay window may thus be called a carol. Parker.

CAROLIN
Car"o*lin, n. Etym: [L. Carolus Charles.]

Defn: A former gold coin of Germany worth nearly five dollars; also,
a gold coin of Sweden worth nearly five dollars.

CAROLINA PINK
Car`o*li"na pink`. (Bot.)

Defn: See Pinkboot.

CAROLINE
Car"o*line, n.

Defn: A coin. See Carline.

CAROLING
Car"ol*ing, n.

Defn: A song of joy or devotion; a singing, as of carols. Coleridge.
Such heavenly notes and carolings. Spenser.

CAROLINIAN
Car`o*lin"i*an, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of north or South Carolina.

CAROLITIC
Car`o*lit"ic, a. (Arch.)

Defn: Adorned with sculptured leaves and branches.

CAROLUS
Car"o*lus, n.; pl. E. Caroluses, L. Caroli. Etym: [L., Charles.]

Defn: An English gold coin of the value of twenty or twenty-three
shillings. It was first struck in the reign of Charles I.
Told down the crowns and Caroluses. Macawlay.

CAROM
Car"om, n. Etym: [Prob. corrupted fr. F. carumboler to carom,
carambolage a carom, carambole the red ball in billiards.]
(Billiards)

Defn: A shot in which the ball struck with the cue comes in contact
with two or more balls on the table; a hitting of two or more balls
with the player's ball. In England it is called cannon.

CAROM
Car"om, v. i. (Billiards)

Defn: To make a carom.

CAROMEL
Car"o*mel, n.

Defn: See Caramel.

CAROTEEL
Car`o*teel", n. (Com.)

Defn: A tierce or cask for dried fruits, etc., usually about 700 lbs.
Simmonds.

CAROTIC
Ca*rot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Carotid.]

1. Of or pertaining to stupor; as, a carotic state.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Carotid; as, the carotic arteries.

CAROTID
Ca*rot"id, n. Etym: [Gr. carotide. The early Greeks believed that
these arteries in some way caused drowsiness.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the two main arteries of the neck, by which blood is
conveyed from the aorta to the head.

Note: [See Illust. of Aorta.]

CAROTID; CAROTIDAL
Ca*rot"id, Ca*rot"id*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or near, the carotids or one of them; as, the
carotid gland.

CAROTIN
Ca*ro"tin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A red crystallizable tasteless substance, extracted from the
carrot.

CAROTTE
Ca`rotte", n. [F., prop., carrot.]

Defn: A cylindrical roll of tobacco; as, a carotte of perique.

CAROUSAL
Ca*rous"al, n. Etym: [See Carouse, but also cf. F. carrousel tilt.]

Defn: A jovial feast or festival; a drunken revel; a carouse.
The swains were preparing for a carousal. Sterne.

Syn.
 -- Banquet; revel; orgie; carouse. See Feast.

CAROUSE
Ca*rouse", n. Etym: [F. carrousse, earlier carous, fr. G. garaus
finishing stroke, the emptying of the cup in drinking a health; gar
entirely + aus out. See Yare, and Out.]

1. A large draught of liguor. [Obs.] "A full carouse of sack." Sir J.
Davies.
Drink carouses to the next day's fate. Shak.

2. A drinking match; a carousal.
The early feast and late carouse. Pope.

CAROUSE
Ca*rouse", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caroused; p. pr. & vb. n. Carousing.]

Defn: To drink deeply or freely in compliment; to take in a carousal;
to engage in drunken revels.
He had been aboard, carousing to his mates. Shak.

CAROUSE
Ca*rouse" v. t.

Defn: To drink up; to drain; to drink freely or jovially. [Archaic]
Guests carouse the sparkling tears of the rich grape. Denham.
Egypt's wanton queen, Carousing gems, herself dissolved in love.
Young.

CAROUSER
Ca*rous"er, n.

Defn: One who carouses; a reveler.

CAROUSING
Ca*rous"ing, a.

Defn: That carouses; relating to a carouse.

CAROUSINGLY
Ca*rous"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a carouser.

CARP
Carp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Carped; p. pr. & vb. n. Carping.] Etym:
[OE. carpen to say, speak; from Scand. (cf. Icel. karpa to boast),
but influenced later by L. carpere to pluck, calumniate.]

1. To talk; to speak; to prattle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To find fault; to cavil; to censure words or actions without
reason or ill-naturedly; -- usually followed by at.
Carping and caviling at faults of manner. Blackw. Mag.
And at my actions carp or catch. Herbert.

CARP
Carp, v. t.

1. To say; to tell. [Obs.]

2. To find fault with; to censure. [Obs.] Dryden.

CARP
Carp, n.; pl. Carp, formerly Carps. Etym: [Cf. Icel. karfi, Dan.
karpe, Sw. karp, OHG. charpho, G. karpfen, F. carpe, LL. carpa.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A fresh-water herbivorous fish (Cyprinus carpio.). Several
other species of Cyprinus, Catla, and Carassius are called carp. See
Cruclan carp.

Note: The carp was originally from Asia, whence it was early
introduced into Europe, where it is extensively reared in artificial
ponds. Within a few years it has been introduced into America, and
widely distributed by the government. Domestication has produced
several varieties, as the leather carp, which is nearly or quite
destitute of scales, and the mirror carp, which has only a few large
scales. Intermediate varieties occur. Carp louse (Zoöl.), a small
crustacean, of the genus Argulus, parasitic on carp and allied
fishes. See Branchiura.
 -- Carp mullet (Zoöl.), a fish (Moxostoma carpio) of the Ohio River
and Great Lakes, allied to the suckers.
 -- Carp sucker (Zoöl.), a name given to several species of fresh-
water fishes of the genus Carpiodes in the United States; -- called
also quillback.

CARPAL
Car"pal, a. Etym: [From Carpus.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the carpus, or wrist.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the bones or cartilages of the carpus; a carpale. Carpal
angle (Zoöl.), the angle at the last joint of the folded wing of a
bird.

CARPALE
Car*pa"le, n.; pl. Carpalia. Etym: [NL., fr. E. carpus.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the bones or cartilages of the carpus; esp. one of the
series articulating with the metacarpals.

CARPATHIAN
Car*pa"thi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a range of mountains in Austro-Hungary,
called the Carpathians, which partially inclose Hungary on the north,
east, and south.

CARPEL; CARPELLUM
Car"pel, Car*pel"lum, n. Etym: [NL. carpellum, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A simple pistil or single-celled ovary or seed vessel, or one
of the parts of a compound pistil, ovary, or seed vessel. See Illust
of Carpaphore.

CARPELLARY
Car"pel*la"ry, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to, forming, or containing carpels.

CARPENTER
Car"pen*ter, n. Etym: [OF. carpentier, F. charpentier, LL.
carpentarius, fr. L. carpentum wagon, carriage.]

Defn: An artificer who works in timber; a framer and builder of
houses, ships, etc.

Syn.
 -- Carpenter, Joiner. The carpenter frames and puts together roofs,
partitions, floors, and other structural parts of a building. The
joiner Supplies stairs, doors shutters, mantelpieces, cupboards, and
other parts necessary to finishing the building. In America the two
trades are commonly united. Carpenter ant (Zoöl.), any species of ant
which gnaws galleries in the wood of trees and constructs its nests
therein. They usually select dead or somewhat decayed wood. The
common large American species is Formica Pennsylvanica.
 -- Carpenter bee (Zoöl.), a large hymenopterous insect of the genus
Xylocopa; -- so called because it constructs its nest by gnawing long
galleries in sound timber. The common American species is Xylocopa
Virginica.

CARPENTERING
Car"pen*ter*ing, n.

Defn: The occupation or work of a carpenter; the act of workingin
timber; carpentry.

CARPENTRY
Car"pen*try, n. Etym: [F. charpenterie, OF. also carpenterie. See
Carpenter.]

1. The art of cutting, framing, and joining timber, as in the
construction of buildings.

2. An assemblage of pieces of timber connected by being framed
together, as the pieces of a roof, floor, etc.; work done by a
carpenter.

CARPER
Carp"er, n.

Defn: One who carps; a caviler. Shak.

CARPET
Car"pet, n. Etym: [OF. carpite rug, soft of cloth, F. carpette coarse
packing cloth, rug (cf. It. carpita rug, blanket), LL. carpeta,
carpita, woolly cloths, fr. L. carpere to pluck, to card (wool); cf.
Gr. Harvest.]

1. A heavy woven or felted fabric, usually of wool, but also of
cotton, hemp, straw, etc.; esp. a floor covering made in breadths to
be sewed together and nailed to the floor, as distinguished from a
rug or mat; originally, also, a wrought cover for tables.
Tables and beds covered with copes instead of carpets and coverlets.
T. Fuller.

2. A smooth soft covering resembling or suggesting a carpet. "The
grassy carpet of this plain." Shak. Carpet beetle or Carpet bug
(Zoöl.), a small beetle (Anthrenus scrophulariæ), which, in the
larval state, does great damage to carpets and other woolen goods; --
also called buffalo bug.
 -- Carpet knight. (a) A knight who enjoys ease and security, or
luxury, and has not known the hardships of the field; a hero of the
drawing room; an effeminate person. Shak. (b) One made a knight, for
some other than military distinction or service.
 -- Carpet moth (Zoöl.), the larva of an insect which feeds on
carpets and other woolen goods. There are several kinds. Some are the
larvæ of species of Tinea (as T. tapetzella); others of beetles, esp.
Anthrenus.
 -- Carpet snake (Zoöl.), an Australian snake. See Diamond snake,
under Diamond.
 -- Carpet sweeper, an apparatus or device for sweeping carpets.
 -- To be on the carpet, to be under consideration; to be the subject
of deliberation; to be in sight; -- an expression derived from the
use of carpets as table cover.
 -- Brussels carpet. See under Brussels.

CARPET
Car"pet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carpeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Carpeting.]

Defn: To cover with, or as with, a carpet; to spread with carpets; to
furnish with a carpet or carpets.
Carpeted temples in fashionable squares. E. Everett.

CARPETBAG
Car"pet*bag`, n.

Defn: A portable bag for travelers; -- so called because originally
made of carpet.

CARPETBAGGER
Car"pet*bag"ger, n.

Defn: An adventurer; -- a term of contempt for a Northern man seeking
private gain or political advancement in the southern part of the
United States after the Civil War (1865). [U. S.]

CARPETING
Car"pet*ing, n.

Defn: 1. The act of covering with carpets.

2. Cloth or materials for carpets; carpets, in general.
The floor was covered with rich carpeting. Prescott.

CARPETLESS
Car"pet*less, a.

Defn: Without a carpet.

CARPETMONGER
Car"pet*mon`ger, n.

1. One who deals in carpets; a buyer and seller of carpets.

2. One fond of pleasure; a gallant. Shak.

CARPETWAY
Car"pet*way`, n. (Agric.)

Defn: A border of greensward left round the margin of a plowed field.
Ray.

CARPHOLOGY
Car*phol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. carphologie.] (Med.)

Defn: See Flaccillation.

CARPING
Carp"ing, a.

Defn: Fault-finding; censorious caviling. See Captious.
 -- Carp"ing*ly, adv.

CARPINTERO
Car`pin*te"ro, n. Etym: [Sp., a carpenter, a woodpecker.]

Defn: A california woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), noted for
its habit of inserting acorns in holes which it drills in trees. The
acorns become infested by insect larvæ, which, when grown, are
extracted for food by the bird.

CARPOGENIC
Car`po*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.)

Defn: Productive of fruit, or causing fruit to be developed.

CARPOLITE
Car"po*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite, cf. F. carpolithe.]

Defn: A general term for a fossil fruit, nut, or seed.

CARPOLOGICAL
Car`po*log"i*cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to carpology.

CARPOLOGIST
Car*pol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who describes fruits; one versed in carpology.

CARPOLOGY
Car*pol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: That branch of botany which relates to the structure of seeds
and fruit.

CARPOPHAGOUS
Car*poph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Living on fruits; fruit-consuming.

CARPOPHORE
Car"po*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A slender prolongation of the receptacle as an axis between the
carpels, as in Geranium and many umbelliferous plants.

CARPOPHYLL
Car"po*phyll, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A leaf converted into a fruit or a constituent portion of a
fruit; a carpel.

Note: [See Illust. of Gymnospermous.]

CARPOPHYTE
Car"po*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A flowerless plant which forms a true fruit as the result of
fertilization, as the red seaweeds, the Ascomycetes, etc.

Note: The division of alge and fungi into four classes called
Carpophytes, Oöphytes, Protophytes, and Zygophytes (or Carposporeæ,
Oösporeæ, Protophyta, and Zygosporeæ) was proposed by Sachs about
1875.

CARPOSPORE
Car"po*spore, n. Etym: [Gr. -spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of spore formed in the conceptacles of red algæ.
 -- Car`po*spor"ic (, a.

CARPUS
Car"pus, n.; pl. Carpi. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The wrist; the bones or cartilages between the forearm, or
antibrachium, and the hand or forefoot; in man, consisting of eight
short bones disposed in two rows.

CARRACK
Car"rack, n.

Defn: See Carack.

CARRAGEEN; CARRIGEEN
Car"ra*geen`, Car"ri*geen`, n.

Defn: A small, purplish, branching, cartilaginous seaweed (Chondrus
crispus), which, when bleached, is the Irish moss of commerce. [Also
written carragheen, carageen.]

CARRANCHA
Car*ran"cha, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Brazilian kite (Polyborus Brasiliensis); -- so called in
imitation of its notes.

CARRAWAY
Car"ra*way, n.

Defn: See Caraway.

CARREL
Car"rel, n.

Defn: See Quarrel, an arrow.

CARREL
Car"rel, n. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as 4th Carol.

CARRIABLE
Car"ri*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being carried.

CARRIAGE
Car"riage, n. Etym: [OF. cariage luggage, carriage, chariage
carriage, cart, baggage, F. charriage, cartage, wagoning, fr. OF.
carier, charier, F. charrier, to cart. See Carry.]

1. That which is carried; burden; baggage. [Obs.]
David left his carriage in the hand of the keeper of the carriage. 1.
Sam. xvii. 22.
And after those days we took up our carriages and went up to
Jerusalem. Acts. xxi. 15.

2. The act of carrying, transporting, or conveying.
Nine days employed in carriage. Chapman.

3. The price or expense of carrying.

4. That which carries of conveys, as: (a) A wheeled vehicle for
persons, esp. one designed for elegance and comfort. (b) A wheeled
vehicle carrying a fixed burden, as a gun carriage. (c) A part of a
machine which moves and carries of supports some other moving object
or part. (d) A frame or cage in which something is carried or
supported; as, a bell carriage.

5. The manner of carrying one's self; behavior; bearing; deportment;
personal manners.
His gallant carriage all the rest did grace. Stirling.

6. The act or manner of conducting measures or projects; management.
The passage and whole carriage of this action. Shak.
Carriage horse, a horse kept for drawing a carriage.
 -- Carriage porch (Arch.), a canopy or roofed pavilion covering the
driveway at the entrance to any building. It is intended as a shelter
for those who alight from vehicles at the door; -- sometimes
erroneously called in the United States porte-cochère.

CARRIAGEABLE
Car"riage*a*ble, a.

Defn: Passable by carriages; that can be conveyed in carriages. [R.]
Ruskin.

CARRIBOO
Car"ri*boo, n.

Defn: See Caribou.

CARRICK
Car"rick, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A carack. See Carack. Carrick bend (Naut.), a kind of knot,
used for bending together hawsers or other ropes.
 -- Carrick bitts (Naut.), the bitts which support the windlass.
Totten.

CARRIER
Car"ri*er, n. Etym: [From Carry.]

1. One who, or that which, carries or conveys; a messenger.
The air which is but . . . a carrier of the sounds. Bacon.

2. One who is employed, or makes it his business, to carry goods for
others for hire; a porter; a teamster.
The roads are crowded with carriers, laden with rich manufactures.
Swift.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: That which drives or carries; as: (a) A piece which
communicates to an object in a lathe the motion of the face plate; a
lathe dog. (b) A spool holder or bobbin holder in a braiding machine.
(c) A movable piece in magazine guns which transfers the cartridge to
a position from which it can be thrust into the barrel. Carrier
pigeon (Zoöl.), a variety of the domestic pigeon used to convey
letters from a distant point to to its home.
 -- Carrier shell (Zoöl.), a univalve shell of the genus Phorus; --
so called because it fastens bits of stones and broken shells to its
own shell, to such an extent as almost to conceal it.
 -- Common carrier (Law.) See under Common, a.

CARRION
Car"ri*on, n. Etym: [OE. caroyne, OF. caroigne, F. charogne, LL.
caronia, fr. L. caro flesh Cf. Crone, Crony.]

1. The dead and putrefying body or flesh of an animal; flesh so
corrupted as to be unfit for food.
They did eat the dead carrions. Spenser.

2. A contemptible or worthless person; -- a term of reproach. [Obs.]
"Old feeble carrions." Shak.

CARRION
Car"ri*on, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to dead and putrefying carcasses; feeding on
carrion.
A prey for carrion kites. Shak.
Carrion beetle (Zoöl.), any beetle that feeds habitually on dead
animals; -- also called sexton beetle and burying beetle. There are
many kinds, belonging mostly to the family Silphidæ.
 -- Carrion buzzard (Zoöl.), a South American bird of several species
and genera (as Ibycter, Milvago, and Polyborus), which act as
scavengers. See Caracara.
 -- Carrion crow, the common European crow (Corvus corone) which
feeds on carrion, insects, fruits, and seeds.

CARROL
Car"rol, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See 4th Carol.

CARROM
Car"rom, n. (Billiards)

Defn: See Carom.

CARROMATA
Car`ro*ma"ta, n. [Sp. in Phil. I.]

Defn: In the Philippines, a light, two-wheeled, boxlike vehicle
usually drawn by a single native pony and used to convey passengers
within city limits or for traveling. It is the common public
carriage.

CARRONADE
Car`ron*ade, n. Etym: [From Carron, in Scotland where it was first
made.] (Med.)

Defn: A kind of short cannon, formerly in use, designed to throw a
large projectile with small velocity, used for the purpose of
breaking or smashing in, rather than piercing, the object aimed at,
as the side of a ship. It has no trunnions, but is supported on its
carriage by a bolt passing through a loop on its under side.

CARRON OIL
Car"ron oil.

Defn: A lotion of linseed oil and lime water, used as an application
to burns and scalds; -- first used at the Carron iron works in
Scotland.

CARROT
Car"rot, n. Etym: [F. carotte, fr. L. carota; cf. Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous biennial plant (Daucus Carota), of many
varieties.

2. The esculent root of cultivated varieties of the plant, usually
spindle-shaped, and of a reddish yellow color.

CARROTY
Car"rot*y, a.

Defn: Like a carrot in color or in taste; -- an epithet given to
reddish yellow hair, etc.

CARROW
Car"row, n. Etym: [Ir & Gael. carach cunning.]

Defn: A strolling gamester. [Ireland] Spenser.

CARRY
Car"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carried; p. pr. & vb. n. Carrying.] Etym:
[OF. carier, charier, F. carrier, to cart, from OF. car, char, F.
car, car. See Car.]

1. To convey or transport in any manner from one place to another; to
bear; -- often with away or off.
When he dieth he small carry nothing away. Ps. xiix. 17.
Devout men carried Stephen to his burial. Acts viii, 2.
Another carried the intelligence to Russell. Macaulay.
The sound will be carried, at the least, twenty miles. Bacon.

2. To have or hold as a burden, while moving from place to place; to
have upon or about one's person; to bear; as, to carry a wound; to
carry an unborn child.
If the ideas . . . were carried along with us in our minds. Locke.

3. To move; to convey by force; to impel; to conduct; to lead or
guide.
Go, carry Sir John Falstaff to the Fleet. Shak.
He carried away all his cattle. Gen. xxxi. 18.
Passion and revenge will carry them too far. Locke.

4. To transfer from one place (as a country, book, or column) to
another; as, to carry the war from Greece into Asia; to carry an
account to the ledger; to carry a number in adding figures.

5. To convey by extension or continuance; to extend; as, to carry the
chimney through the roof; to carry a road ten miles farther.

6. To bear or uphold successfully through conflict, as a leader or
principle; hence, to succeed in, as in a contest; to bring to a
successful issue; to win; as, to carry an election. "The greater part
carries it." Shak.
The carrying of our main point. Addison.

7. To get possession of by force; to capture.
The town would have been carried in the end. Bacon.

8. To contain; to comprise; to bear the aspect of ; to show or
exhibit; to imply.
He thought it carried something of argument in it. Watts.
It carries too great an imputation of ignorance. Lacke.

9. To bear (one's self); to behave, to conduct or demean; -- with the
refexive pronouns.
He carried himself so insolently in the house, and out of the house,
to all persons, that he became odious. Clarendon.

10. To bear the charges or burden of holding or having, as stocks,
merchandise, etc., from one time to another; as, a merchant is
carrying a large stock; a farm carries a mortgage; a broker carries
stock for a customer; to carry a life insurance. Carry arms (Mil.
Drill), a command of the Manual of Arms directing the soldier to hold
his piece in the right hand, the barrel resting against the hollow of
the shoulder in a nearly perpendicular position. In this position the
soldier is said to stand, and the musket to be held, at carry.
 -- To carry all before one, to overcome all obstacles; to have
uninterrupted success.
 -- To carry arms (a) To bear weapons. (b) To serve as a soldier.
 -- To carry away. (a) (Naut.) to break off; to lose; as, to carry
away a fore-topmast. (b) To take possession of the mind; to charm; to
delude; as, to be carried by music, or by temptation.
 -- To carry coals, to bear indignities tamely, a phrase used by
early dramatists, perhaps from the mean nature of the occupation.
Halliwell.
 -- To carry coals to Newcastle, to take things to a place where they
already abound; to lose one's labor.
 -- To carry off (a) To remove to a distance. (b) To bear away as
from the power or grasp of others. (c) To remove from life; as, the
plague carried off thousands.
 -- To carry on (a) To carry farther; to advance, or help forward; to
continue; as, to carry on a design. (b) To manage, conduct, or
prosecute; as, to carry on husbandry or trade.
 -- To carry out. (a) To bear from within. (b) To put into execution;
to bring to a successful issue. (c) To sustain to the end; to
continue to the end.
 -- To carry through. (a) To convey through the midst of. (b) To
support to the end; to sustain, or keep from falling, or being
subdued. "Grace will carry us . . . through all difficulties."
Hammond. (c) To complete; to bring to a succesful issue; to succeed.
 -- To carry up, to convey or extend in an upward course or
direction; to build.
 -- To carry weight. (a) To be handicapped; to have an extra burden,
as when one rides or runs. "He carries weight, he rides a race"
Cowper. (b) To have influence.

CARRY
Car"ry, v. i.

1. To act as a bearer; to convey anything; as, to fetch and carry.

2. To have propulsive power; to propel; as, a gun or mortar carries
well.

3. To hold the head; -- said of a horse; as, to carry well i. e., to
hold the head high, with arching neck.

4. (Hunting)

Defn: To have earth or frost stick to the feet when running, as a
hare. Johnson. To carry on, to behave in a wild, rude, or romping
manner. [Colloq.]

CARRY
Car"ry, n.; pl. Carries.

Defn: A tract of land, over which boats or goods are carried between
two bodies of navigable water; a carrying place; a portage. Etym:
[U.S.]

CARRYALL
Car"ry*all`, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. cariole.]

Defn: A light covered carriage, having four wheels and seats for four
or more persons, usually drawn by one horse.

CARRYING
Car"ry*ing, n.

Defn: The act or business of transporting from one place to another.
Carrying place, a carry; a portage.
 -- Carrying trade, the business of transporting goods, etc., from
one place or country to another by water or land; freighting.
We are rivals with them in . . . the carrying trade. Jay.

CARRYK
Car"ryk, n.

Defn: A carack. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CARRYTALE
Car"ry*tale`, n.

Defn: A talebearer. [R.] Shak.

CARSE
Carse, n. Etym: [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. cars bog, fen. carsen reed,
Armor. kars, korsen, bog plant, reed.]

Defn: Low, fertile land; a river valley. [Scot.] Jomieson.

CART
Cart, n. Etym: [AS. cræt; cf. W. cart, Ir. & Gael. cairt, or Icel.
kartr. Cf. Car.]

1. A common name for various kinds of vehicles, as a Scythian
dwelling on wheels, or a chariot. "Phoebus' cart." Shak.

2. A two-wheeled vehicle for the ordinary purposes of husbandry, or
for transporting bulky and heavy articles.
Packing all his goods in one poor cart. Dryden.

3. A light business wagon used by bakers, grocerymen, butchers, atc.

4. An open two-wheeled pleasure carriage. Cart horse, a horse which
draws a cart; a horse bred or used for drawing heavy loads.
 -- Cart load, or Cartload, as much as will fill or load a cart. In
excavating and carting sand, gravel, earth, etc., one third of a
cubic yard of the material before it is loosened is estimated to be a
cart load.
 -- Cart rope, a stout rope for fastening a load on a cart; any
strong rope.
 -- To put (or get or set) the cart before the horse, to invert the
order of related facts or ideas, as by putting an effect for a cause.

CART
Cart, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carted; p. pr. & vb. n. Carting.]

1. To carry or convey in a cart.

2. To expose in a cart by way of punishment.
She chuckled when a bawd was carted. Prior.

CART
Cart, v. i.

Defn: To carry burdens in a cart; to follow the business of a carter.

CARTAGE
Cart"age, n.

1. The act of carrying in a cart.

2. The price paid for carting.

CARTBOTE
Cart"bote`, n. Etym: [Cart + bote.] (Old Eng. Law.)

Defn: Wood to which a tenant is entitled for making and repairing
carts and other instruments of husbandry.

CARTE
Carte, n. Etym: [F. See 1st Card.]

1. Bill of fare.

2. Short for Carte de visite.

CARTE BLANCHE
Carte` blanche". Etym: [F., fr. OF. carte paper + -blanc, blanche,
white. See 1st Card.]

Defn: A blank paper, with a person's signature, etc., at the bottom,
given to another person, with permission to superscribe what
conditions he pleases. Hence: Unconditional terms; unlimited
authority.

CARTE DE VISITE
Carte" de vi*site`, pl. Cartes de visite (. Etym: [F.]

1. A visiting card.

2. A photographic picture of the size formerly in use for a visiting
card.

CARTEL
Car*tel", n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. cartellus a little paper, dim. fr. L.
charta. See 1st Card.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: An agreement between belligerents for the exchange of
prisoners. Wilhelm.

2. A letter of defiance or challenge; a challenge to single combat.
[Obs.]
He is cowed at the very idea of a cartel., Sir W. Scott.
Cartel, or Cartel ship, a ship employed in the exchange of prisoners,
or in carrying propositions to an enemy; a ship beating a flag of
truce and privileged from capture.

CARTEL
Car"tel, v. t.

Defn: To defy or challenge. [Obs.]
You shall cartel him. B. Jonson.

CARTE QUARTE
Carte. Quarte, n. Etym: [F. quarte, prop., a fourth. Cf. Quart.]
(Fencing)

Defn: A position in thrusting or parrying, with the inside of the
hand turned upward and the point of the weapon toward the adversary's
right breast.

CARTER
Cart"er, n.

1. A charioteer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A man who drives a cart; a teamster.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any species of Phalangium; -- also called harvestman.
(b) A British fish; the whiff.

CARTESIAN
Car*te"sian, a. Etym: [From Renatus Cartesius, Latinized from of René
Descartes: cf. F. cartésien.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the French philosopher René Descartes, or
his philosophy.
The Cartesion argument for reality of matter. Sir W. Hamilton.
Cartesian coördinates (Geom), distance of a point from lines or
planes; -- used in a system of representing geometric quantities,
invented by Descartes.
 -- Cartesian devil, a small hollow glass figure, used in connection
with a jar of water having an elastic top, to illustrate the effect
of the compression or expansion of air in changing the specific
gravity of bodies.
 -- Cartesion oval (Geom.), a curve such that, for any point of the
curve mr + m'r' = c, where r and r' are the distances of the point
from the two foci and m, m' and c are constant; -- used by Descartes.

CARTESIAN
Car*te"sian, n.

Defn: An adherent of Descartes.

CARTESIANISM
Car*te"sian*ism, n.

Defn: The philosophy of Descartes.

CARTHAGINIAN
Car`tha*gin"i*an, a.

Defn: Of a pertaining to ancient Carthage, a city of northern Africa.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Carthage.

CARTHAMIN
Car"tha*min, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A red coloring matter obtained from the safflower, or Carthamus
tinctorius.

CARTHUSIAN
Car*thu"sian, n. Etym: [LL. Cartusianus, Cartusiensis, from the town
of Chartreuse, in France.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A member of an exceeding austere religious order, founded at
Chartreuse in France by St. Bruno, in the year 1086.

CARTHUSIAN
Car*thu"sian, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the Carthusian.

CARTILAGE
Car"ti*lage, n. Etym: [L. cartilago; cf. F. cartilage.] (Anat.)

Defn: A translucent, elastic tissue; gristle.

Note: Cartilage contains no vessels, and consists of a homogeneous,
intercellular matrix, in which there are numerous minute cavities, or
capsules, containing protoplasmic cells, the cartilage corpuscul. See
Illust under Duplication. Articular cartilage, cartilage that lines
the joints.
 -- Cartilage bone (Anat.), any bone formed by the ossification of
cartilage.
 -- Costal cartilage, cartilage joining a rib with he sternum. See
Illust. of Thorax.

CARTILAGINEOUS
Car`ti*la*gin"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. cartilageneus.]

Defn: See Cartilaginous. Ray.

CARTILAGINIFICATION
Car"ti*la*gin`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. cartilago, -laginis,
cartilage + facere to make.]

Defn: The act or process of forming cartilage. Wright.

CARTILAGINOUS
Car`ti*lag"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. cartilaginosus: cf. F.
cartilagineux.]

1. Of or pertaining to cartilage; gristly; firm and tough like
cartilage.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the skeleton in the state of cartilage, the bones
containing little or no calcareous matter; said of certain fishes, as
the sturgeon and the sharks.

CARTIST
Car"tist, n. [Sp. cartista, fr. carta paper, document (cf. Pg.
carta). See Charta; cf. Chartist.]

Defn: In Spain and Portugal, one who supports the constitution.

CARTMAN
Cart"man, n.; pl. Cartmen (.

Defn: One who drives or uses a cart; a teamster; a carter.

CARTOGRAM
Car"to*gram, n. [F. cartogramme.]

Defn: A map showing geographically, by shades or curves, statistics
of various kinds; a statistical map.

CARTOGRAPHER
Car*tog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who make charts or maps.

CARTOGRAPHIC; CARTOGRAPHICAL
Car`to*graph"ic, Car`to*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to cartography.

CARTOGRAPHICALLY
Car`to*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By cartography.

CARTOGRAPHY
Car*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cartographie. See Card, and -
graphy.]

Defn: The act business of forming chart's or maps.

CARTOMANCY
Car"to*man`cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cartomancie. See Card, and -mancy.]

Defn: The act of telling fortunes with cards.

CARTON
Car"ton, n. Etym: [F. See Cartoon.]

Defn: Pasteboard for paper boxes; also, a pasteboard box. Carton
pierre (, a species of papier-maché, imitating stone or bronze
sculpture. Knight.

CARTOON
Car*toon", n. Etym: [F. carton (cf. It. cartons pasteboard,
cartoon.); fr. L. charta. See 1st card.]

1. A design or study drawn of the full size, to serve as a model for
transferring or copying; -- used in the making of mosaics,
tapestries, fresco pantings and the like; as, the cartoons of
Raphael.

2. A large pictorial sketch, as in a journal or magazine; esp. a
pictorial caricature; as , the cartoons of "Puck."

CARTOONIST
Car"toon"ist, n.

Defn: One skilled in drawing cartoons.

CARTOUCH
Car*touch", n.; pl. Cartouches Etym: [F. cartouche, It. cartuccia,
cartoccio, cornet, cartouch, fr. L. charta paper. See 1st Card, and
cf. Cartridge.]

1. (Mil.)
(a) A roll or case of paper, etc., holding a charge for a firearm; a
cartridge.
(b) A cartridge box.
(c) A wooden case filled with balls, to be shot from a cannon.
(d) A gunner's bag for ammunition.
(e) A military pass for a soldier on furlough.

2. (Arch.)
(a) A cantalever, console, corbel, or modillion, which has the form
of a scroll of paper.
(b) A tablet for ornament, or for receiving an inscription, formed
like a sheet of paper with the edges rolled up; hence, any tablet of
ornamental form.

3. (Egyptian Antiq.)

Defn: An oval figure on monuments, and in papyri, containing the name
of a sovereign.

CARTRIDGE
Car"tridge, n. Etym: [Formerlly cartrage, corrupted fr. F. cartouche.
See Cartouch.] (Mil.)

Defn: A complete charge for a firearm, contained in, or held together
by, a case, capsule, or shell of metal, pasteboard, or other
material. Ball cartridge, a cartridge containing a projectile.
 -- Blank cartrige, a cartridge without a projectile, -- Center-fire
cartridge, a cartridge in which the fulminate occupies an axial
position usually in the center of the base of the capsule, instead of
being contained in its rim. In the Prussian needle gun the fulminate
is applied to the middle of the base of the bullet. Rim-fire
cartridge, a cartridge in which the fulminate is contained in a rim
surrounding its base.
 -- Cartridge bag, a bag of woolen cloth, to hold a charge for a
cannon.
 -- Cartridge belt, a belt having pocket for cartridges.
 -- Cartridge box, a case, usually of leather, attached to a belt or
strap, for holding cartridges.
 -- Cartridge paper. (a) A thick stout paper for inclosing
cartridges. (b) A rough tinted paper used for covering walls, and
also for making drawings upon.

CARTULARY
Car"tu*la*ry, n.; pl. Cartularies. Etym: [LL. cartularium,
chartularium, fr. L. charta paper: cf. F. cartulaire. See 1st Card.]

1. A register, or record, as of a monastery or church.

Defn:

2. An ecclesiastical officer who had charge of records or other
public papers.

CARTWAY
Cart"way`, n.

Defn: A way or road for carts.

CARTWRIGHT
Cart"wright`, n. Etym: [Cart + wright.]

Defn: An artificer who makes carts; a cart maker.

CARUCAGE
Car"u*cage, n. Etym: [LL. carrucagium (OF. charuage.), fr. LL.
carruca plow, fr. L. carruca coach.]

1. (Old Eng. Law.)

Defn: A tax on every plow or plowland.

2. The act of plowing. [R.]

CARUCATE
Car"u*cate, n. Etym: [LL. carucata, carrucata. See Carucage.]

Defn: A plowland; as much land as one team can plow in a year and a
day; -- by some said to be about 100 acres. Burrill.

CARUNCLE; CARUNCULA
Car"un*cle, Ca*run"cu*la, n. Etym: [L. caruncula a little piece of
flesh, dim. of caro flesh.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A small fleshy prominence or excrescence; especially the small,
reddish body, the caruncula lacrymalis, in the inner angle of the
eye.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: An excrescence or appendage surrounding or near the hilum of a
seed.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A naked, flesh appendage, on the head of a bird, as the wattles
of a turkey, etc.

CARUNCULAR; CARUNCULOUS
Ca*run"cu*lar, Ca*run"cu*lous, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, a caruncle; furnished with
caruncles.

CARUNCULATE; CARUNCULATED
Ca*run"cu*late, Ca*run"cu*la`ted, a.

Defn: Having a caruncle or caruncles; caruncular.

CARUS
Ca"rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Coma with complete insensibility; deep lethargy.

CARVACROL
Car"va*crol, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A thick oily liquid, C10H13.OH, of a strong taste and
disagreeable odor, obtained from oil of caraway (Carum carui).

CARVE
Carve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carved; p. pr. & vb. n. Carving.] Etym:
[AS. ceorfan to cut, carve; akin to D. kerven, G. kerben, Dan. karve,
Sw. karfva, and to Gr. -graphy. Cf. Graphic.]

1. To cut. [Obs.]
Or they will carven the shepherd's throat. Spenser.

2. To cut, as wood, stone, or other material, in an artistic or
decorative manner; to sculpture; to engrave.
Carved with figures strange and sweet. Coleridge.

3. To make or shape by cutting, sculpturing, or engraving; to form;
as, to carve a name on a tree.
An angel carved in stone. Tennyson.
We carved not a line, and we raised not a stone. C. Wolfe.

4. To cut into small pieces or slices, as meat at table; to divide
for distribution or apportionment; to apportion. "To carve a capon."
Shak.

5. To cut: to hew; to mark as if by cutting.
My good blade carved the casques of men. Tennyson.
A million wrinkles carved his skin. Tennyson.

6. To take or make, as by cutting; to provide.
Who could easily have carved themselves their own food. South.

7. To lay out; to contrive; to design; to plan.
Lie ten nights awake carving the fashion of a new doublet. Shak.
To carve out, to make or get by cutting, or as if by cutting; to cut
out. "[Macbeth] with his brandished steel . . . carved out his
passage." Shak.
Fortunes were carved out of the property of the crown. Macaulay.

CARVE
Carve, v. i.

1. To exercise the trade of a sculptor or carver; to engrave or cut
figures.

2. To cut up meat; as, to carve for all the guests.

CARVE
Carve, n.

Defn: A carucate. [Obs.] Burrill.

CARVEL
Car"vel, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. caravel.]

1. Same as Caravel.

2. A species of jellyfish; sea blubber. Sir T. Herbert.

CARVELBUILT
Car"vel*built, a. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: Having the planks meet flush at the seams, instead of lapping
as in a clinker-built vessel.

CARVEN
Car"ven, a.

Defn: Wrought by carving; ornamented by carvings; carved. [Poetic]
A carven bowl well wrought of beechen tree. Bp. Hall.
The carven cedarn doors. Tennyson.
A screen of carven ivory. Mrs. Browning.

CARVENE
Car"vene, n. Etym: [F. carvi caraway.]

Defn: An oily substance, C10H16, extracted from oil caraway.

CARVER
Carv"er, n.

1. One who carves; one who shapes or fashions by carving, or as by
carving; esp. one who carves decorative forms, architectural
adornments, etc. "The carver's chisel." Dodsley.
The carver of his fortunes. Sharp (Richardson's Dict. )

2. One who carves or divides meat at table.

3. A large knife for carving.

CARVING
Carv"ing, n.

1. The act or art of one who carves.

2. A piece of decorative work cut in stone, wood, or other material.
"Carving in wood." Sir W. Temple.

3. The whole body of decorative sculpture of any kind or epoch, or in
any material; as, the Italian carving of the 15th century.

CARVIST
Car"vist, n. Etym: [A corruption of carry fist.] (Falconary)

Defn: A hawk which is of proper age and training to be carried on the
hand; a hawk in its first year. Booth.

CARVOL
Car"vol, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a species of aromatic oils, resembling carvacrol.

CAR WHEEL
Car" wheel`,

Defn: A flanged wheel of a railway car or truck.

CARYATIC; CARYATID
Car`y*at"ic, Car`y*at"id, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a caryatid.

CARYATID
Car`y*at"id, n.; pl. Caryatids Etym: [See Caryatides.]

Defn: (Arch.) A draped female figure supporting an entablature, in
the place of a column or pilaster.

CARYATIDES
Car`y*at"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Arch)

Defn: Caryatids.

Note: Corresponding male figures were called Atlantes, Telamones, and
Persians.

CARYOPHYLLACEOUS
Car`y*o*phyl*la"ceous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)
(a) Having corollas of five petals with long claws inclosed in a
tubular, calyx, as the pink.
(b) Belonging to the family of which the pink and the carnation are
the types.

CARYOPHYLLIN
Car`y*oph"yl*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A tasteless and odorless crystalline substance, extracted from
cloves, polymeric with common camphor.

CARYOPHYLLOUS
Car`y*oph"yl*lous, a.

Defn: Caryophyllaceous.

CARYOPSIS
Car`y*op"sis, n.; pl. Caryopses. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A one-celled, dry, indehiscent fruit, with a thin membranous
pericarp, adhering closely to the seed, so that fruit and seed are
incorporated in one body, forming a single grain, as of wheat,
barley, etc.

CASA
Ca"sa, n. [Sp. or It., fr. L. casa  cabin.]

Defn: A house or mansion. [Sp. Amer. & Phil. Islands]

I saw that Enriquez had made no attempt to modernize the old casa,
and that even the garden was left in its lawless native luxuriance.
Bret Harte.

CASAL
Ca"sal, a. (Gram.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to case; as, a casal ending.

CASCABEL
Cas"ca*bel, n. Etym: [Sp. cascabel a little bell, also (fr. the
shape), a knob at the breech end of a cannon.]

Defn: The projection in rear of the breech of a cannon, usually a
knob or breeching loop connected with the gun by a neck. In old
writers it included all in rear of the base ring.

Note: [See Illust. of Cannon.]

CASCADE
Cas*cade", n. Etym: [F. cascade, fr. It. cascata, fr. cascare to
ball.]

Defn: A fall of water over a precipice, as in a river or brook; a
waterfall less than a cataract.
The silver brook . . . pours the white cascade. Longjellow.
Now murm'ring soft, now roaring in cascade. Cawper.

CASCADE
Cas*cade", v. i.

1. To fall in a cascade. Lowell.

2. To vomit. [Slang] Smollett.

CASCADE METHOD
Cas*cade" meth"od. (Physics)

Defn: A method of attaining successively lower temperatures by
utilizing the cooling effect of the expansion of one gas in
condensing another less easily liquefiable, and so on.

CASCADE SYSTEM
Cascade system. (Elec.)

Defn: A system or method of connecting and operating two induction
motors so that the primary circuit of one is connected to the
secondary circuit of the other, the primary circuit of the latter
being connected to the source of supply; also, a system of electric
traction in which motors so connected are employed. The cascade
system is also called tandem, or concatenated, system; the connection
a cascade, tandem, or concatenated, connection, or a concatenation;
and the control of the motors so obtained a tandem, or concatenation,
control. In the cascade system of traction the cascade connection is
used for starting and for low speeds up to half speed. For full speed
the short-circuited motor is cut loose from the other motor and is
either left idle or (commonly) connected direct to the line.

CASCALHO
Cas*cal"ho, n. Etym: [Pg., a chip of stone, gravel.]

Defn: A deposit of pebbles, gravel, and ferruginous sand, in which
the Brazilian diamond is usually found.

CASCARA BUCKTHORN
Cas"ca*ra buck"thorn`. (Bot.)

Defn: The buckthorn (Rhamnus Purshiana) of the Pacific coast of the
United States, which yields cascara sagrada.

CASCARA SAGRADA
Cas"ca*ra sa*gra"da. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: Holy bark; the bark of the California buckthorn (Rhamnus
Purshianus), used as a mild cathartic or laxative.

CASCARILLA
Cas`ca*ril"la, n.Etym: [Sp., small thin bark, Peruvian bark, dim. of
cáscara bark.] (Bot.)

Defn: A euphorbiaceous West Indian shrub (Croton Eleutheria); also,
its aromatic bark. Cascarilla bark (or Cascarila) (Med.), the bark of
Croton Eleutheria. It has an aromatic odor and a warm, spicy, bitter
taste, and when burnt emits a musky odor. It is used as a gentle
tonic, and sometimes, for the sake of its fragrance, mixed with
smoking tobacco, when it is said to occasion vertigo and
intoxication.

CASCARILLIN
Cas`ca*ril"lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystallizable, bitter substance extracted from oil of
cascarilla.

CASCARON
Cas`ca*ron", n. [Sp. cascarón.]

Defn: Lit., an eggshell; hence, an eggshell filled with confetti to
be thrown during balls, carnivals, etc. [Western U. S.]

CASE
Case, n. Etym: [OF. casse, F. caisse (cf. It. cassa), fr. L. capsa
chest, box, case, fr. caper to take, hold See Capacious, and cf. 4th
Chase, Cash, Enchase, 3d Sash.]

1. A box, sheath, or covering; as, a case for holding goods; a case
for spectacles; the case of a watch; the case (capsule) of a
cartridge; a case (cover) for a book.

2. A box and its contents; the quantity contained in a box; as, a
case of goods; a case of instruments.

3. (Print.)

Defn: A shallow tray divided into compartments or "boxes" for holding
type.

Note: Cases for type are usually arranged in sets of two, called
respectively the upper and the lower case. The upper case contains
capitals, small capitals, accented; the lower case contains the small
letters, figures, marks of punctuation, quadrats, and spaces.

4. An inclosing frame; a casing; as, a door case; a window case.

5. (Mining)

Defn: A small fissure which admits water to the workings. Knight.

CASE
Case, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cased; p. pr. & vb. n. Casing.]

1. To cover or protect with, or as with, a case; to inclose.
The man who, cased in steel, had passed whole days and nights in the
saddle. Prescott.

2. To strip the skin from; as, to case a box. [Obs.]

CASE
Case, n. Etym: [F. cas, fr. L. casus, fr. cadere to fall, to happen.
Cf. Chance.]

1. Chance; accident; hap; opportunity. [Obs.]
By aventure, or sort, or cas. Chaucer.

2. That which befalls, comes, or happens; an event; an instance; a
circumstance, or all the circumstamces; condition; state of things;
affair; as, a strange case; a case of injustice; the case of the
Indian tribes.
In any case thou shalt deliver him the pledge. Deut. xxiv. 13.
If the case of the man be so with his wife. Matt. xix. 10.
And when a lady's in the case. You know all other things give place.
Gay.
You think this madness but a common case. Pope.
I am in case to justle a constable, Shak.

3. (Med. & Surg.)

Defn: A patient under treatment; an instance of sickness or injury;
as, ten cases of fever; also, the history of a disease or injury.
A proper remedy in hypochondriacal cases. Arbuthnot.

4. (Law)

Defn: The matters of fact or conditions involved in a suit, as
distinguished from the questions of law; a suit or action at law; a
cause.
Let us consider the reason of the case, for nothing is law that is
not reason. Sir John Powell.
Not one case in the reports of our courts. Steele.

5. (Gram.)

Defn: One of the forms, or the inflections or changes of form, of a
noun, pronoun, or adjective, which indicate its relation to other
words, and in the aggregate constitute its declension; the relation
which a noun or pronoun sustains to some other word.
Case is properly a falling off from the nominative or first state of
word; the name for which, however, is now, by extension of its
signification, applied also to the nominative. J. W. Gibbs.

Note: Cases other than the nominative are oblique cases. Case endings
are terminations by which certain cases are distinguished. In old
English, as in Latin, nouns had several cases distinguished by case
endings, but in modern English only that of the possessive case is
retained. Action on the case (Law), according to the old
classification (now obsolete), was an action for redress of wrongs or
injuries to person or property not specially provided against by law,
in which the whole cause of complaint was set out in the writ; --
called also trespass on the case, or simply case.
 -- All a case, a matter of indifference. [Obs.] "It is all a case to
me." L'Estrange.
 -- Case at bar. See under Bar, n.
 -- Case divinity, casuistry.
 -- Case lawyer, one versed in the reports of cases rather than in
the science of the law.
 -- Case stated or agreed on (Law), a statement in writing of facts
agreed on and submitted to the court for a decision of the legal
points arising on them.
 -- A hard case, an abandoned or incorrigible person. [Colloq.] -- In
any case, whatever may be the state of affairs; anyhow.
 -- In case, or In case that, if; supposing that; in the event or
contingency; if it should happen that. "In case we are surprised,
keep by me." W. Irving.
 -- In good case, in good condition, health, or state of body.
 -- To put a case, to suppose a hypothetical or illustrative case.

Syn.
 -- Situation, condition, state; circumstances; plight; predicament;
occurrence; contingency; accident; event; conjuncture; cause; action;
suit.

CASE
Case, v. i.

Defn: To propose hypothetical cases. [Obs.] "Casing upon the matter."
L'Estrange.

CASEATION
Ca`se*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. caséation. See Casein.] (Med.)

Defn: A degeneration of animal tissue into a cheesy or curdy mass.

CASE-BAY
Case"-bay`, n. (Arch.)
(a) The space between two principals or girders.
(b) One of the joists framed between a pair of girders in naked
flooring.

CASEHARDEN
Case"hard`en, v. t.

1. To subject to a process which converts the surface of iron into
steel.

2. To render insensible to good influences.

CASEHARDENED
Case"hard`ened, a.

1. Having the surface hardened, as iron tools.

2. Hardened against, or insusceptible to, good influences; rendered
callous by persistence in wrongdoing or resistance of good
influences; -- said of persons.

CASEHARDENING
Case"hard`en*ing, n.

Defn: The act or process of converting the surface of iron into
steel. Ure.

Note: Casehardening is now commonly effected by cementation with
charcoal or other carbonizing material, the depth and degree of
hardening (carbonization) depending on the time during which the iron
is exposed to the heat. See Cementation.

CASEIC
Ca"se*ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. caséique, fr. L. caseus cheese.]

Defn: OF or pertaining to cheese; as, caseic acid.

CASEIN
Ca"se*in, n. Etym: [Cf. F. caséine, fr. L. caseur cheese. Cf.
Cheese.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A proteid substance present in both the animal and the
vegetable kingdom. In the animal kindom it is chiefly found in milk,
and constitutes the main part of the curd separated by rennet; in the
vegetable kingdom it is found more or less abundantly in the seeds of
leguminous plants. Its reactions resemble those of alkali albumin.
[Written also caseine.]

CASE KNIFE
Case" knife`.

1. A knife carried in a sheath or case. Addison.

2. A large table knife; -- so called from being formerly kept in a
case.

CASEMATE
Case"mate, n. Etym: [F. casemate, fr. It. casamatta, prob. from casa
house + matto, f. matta, mad, weak, feeble, dim. from the same source
as E. -mate in checkmate.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A bombproof chamber, usually of masonry, in which cannon may be
placed, to be fired through embrasures; or one capable of being used
as a magazine, or for quartering troops.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A hollow molding, chiefly in cornices.

CASEMATED
Case"ma`ted, a.

Defn: Furnished with, protected by, or built like, a casemate.
Campbell.

CASEMENT
Case"ment, n. Etym: [Shortened fr. encasement. See Incase 1st Case,
and cf. Incasement.] (Arch.)

Defn: A window sash opening on hinges affixed to the upright side of
the frame into which it is fitted. (Poetically) A window.
A casement of the great chamber window. Shak.

CASEMENTED
Case"ment*ed, a.

Defn: Having a casement or casements.

CASEOSE
Ca"se*ose, n.  [Casein + -ose.] (Physiol.Chem.)

Defn: A soluble product (proteose) formed in the gastric and
pancreatic digestion of casein and caseinogen.

CASEOUS
Ca"se*ous, a. Etym: [L. caseus. Cf. Casein.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, cheese; having the qualities
of cheese; cheesy. Caseous degeneration, a morbid process, in
scrofulous or consumptive persons, in which the products of
inflammation are converted into a cheesy substance which is neither
absorbed nor organized.

CASERN
Ca"sern, n. Etym: [F. caserne.]

Defn: A lodging for soldiers in garrison towns, usually near the
rampart; barracks. Bescherelle.

CASE SHOT
Case" shot`. (Mil.)

Defn: A collection of small projectiles, inclosed in a case or
canister.

Note: In the United States a case shot is a thin spherical or oblong
cast-iron shell containing musket balls and a bursting charge, with a
time fuse; -- called in Europe shrapnel. In Europe the term case shot
is applied to what in the United States is called canister. Wilhelm.

CASE SYSTEM
Case system. (Law)

Defn: The system of teaching law in which the instruction is
primarily a historical and inductive study of leading or selected
cases, with or without the use of textbooks for reference and
collateral reading.

CASEUM
Ca"se*um, n. Etym: [L. caseus cheese.]

Defn: Same as Casein.

CASEWORM
Case"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A worm or grub that makes for itself a case. See Caddice.

CASH
Cash, n. Etym: [F. caisse case, box, cash box, cash. See Case a box.]

Defn: A place where money is kept, or where it is deposited and paid
out; a money box. [Obs.]
This bank is properly a general cash, where every man lodges his
money. Sir W. Temple.
£20,000 are known to be in her cash. Sir R. Winwood.

2. (Com.)
(a) Ready money; especially, coin or specie; but also applied to bank
notes, drafts, bonds, or any paper easily convertible into money.
(b) Immediate or prompt payment in current funds; as, to sell goods
for cash; to make a reduction in price for cash. Cash account
(Bookkeeping), an account of money received, disbursed, and on hand.
 -- Cash boy, in large retail stores, a messenger who carries the
money received by the salesman from customers to a cashier, and
returns the proper change. [Colloq.] -- Cash credit, an account with
a bank by which a person or house, having given security for
repayment, draws at pleasure upon the bank to the extent of an amount
agreed upon; -- called also bank credit and cash account.
 -- Cash sales, sales made for ready, money, in distinction from
those on which credit is given; stocks sold, to be delivered on the
day of transaction.

Syn.
 -- Money; coin; specie; currency; capital.

CASH
Cash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Casing.]

Defn: To pay, or to receive, cash for; to exchange for money; as,
cash a note or an order.

CASH
Cash, v. t. Etym: [See Cashier.]

Defn: To disband. [Obs.] Garges.

CASH
Cash, n.sing & pl.

Defn: A Chinese coin.

Note: The cash (Chinese tsien) is the only current coin made by the
chinese government. It is a thin circular disk of a very base alloy
of copper, with a square hole in the center. 1,000 to 1,400 cash are
equivalent to a dollar.

CASHBOOK
Cash"book, n. (Bookkeeping)

Defn: A book in which is kept a register of money received or paid
out.

CASHEW
Ca*shew", n. Etym: [F. acajou, for cajou, prob. from Malay kayu tree;
cf. Pg. acaju, cf. Acajou.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tree (Anacardium occidentale) of the same family which the
sumac. It is native in tropical America, but is now naturalized in
all tropical countries. Its fruit, a kidney-shaped nut, grows at the
extremity of an edible, pear-shaped hypocarp, about three inches
long. Casbew nut, the large, kidney-shaped fruit of the cashew, which
is edible after the caustic oil has been expelled from the shell by
roasting the nut.

CASHIER
Cash*ier", n. Etym: [F. caissier, fr. caisse. See Cash.]

Defn: One who has charge of money; a cash keeper; the officer who has
charge of the payments and receipts (moneys, checks, notes), of a
bank or a mercantile company.

CASHIER
Cash*ier", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cahiered; p. pr. &vb. n. Cashiering.]
Etym: [Earlier cash, fr. F. casser to break, annul, cashier, fr. L.
cassare, equiv. to cassum reddere, to annul; cf. G. cassiren. Cf.
Quash to annul, Cass.]

1. To dismiss or discard; to discharge; to dismiss with ignominy from
military service or from an office or place of frust.
They have cashiered several of their followers. Addison.
He had insolence to cashier the captain of the lord lieutenant's own
body guard. Macaulay.

2. To put away or reject; to disregard. [R.]
Connections formed for interest, and endeared
By selfish views, [are] censured and cashiered. Cowper.
They absolutely cashier the literal express sense of the words.
Sowth.

CASHIERER
Cash*ier"er, n.

Defn: One who rejects, discards, or dismisses; as, a cashierer of
monarchs. [R.] Burke.

CASHIER'S CHECK
Cash*ier's" check. (Banking)

Defn: A check drawn by a bank upon its own funds, signed by the
cashier.

CASHMERE
Cash"mere, n.

1. A rich stuff for shawls, acaris, etc., originally made in Cashmere
from the soft wool found beneath the hair of the goats of Cashmere,
Thibet, and the Himalayas. Some cashmere, of fine quality, is richly
embroidered for sale to Europeans.

2. A dress fabric made of fine wool, or of fine wool and cotton, in
imitation of the original cashmere. Cashmere shawl, a rich and costly
shawl made of cashmere; -- other called camel's-hair shawl.

CASHMERETTE
Cash`me*rette", n.

Defn: A kind of dress goods, made with a soft and glossy surface like
cashmere.

CASHOO
Ca*shoo", n. Etym: [F. cachou, NL. catechu, Cochin-Chin. cay cau from
the tree called mimosa, or areca catechu. Cf. Catechu.]

Defn: See Catechu.

CASH RAILWAY
Cash railway.

Defn: A form of cash carrier in which a small carrier or car travels
upon a kind of track.

CASH REGISTER
Cash register.

Defn: A device for recording the amount of cash received, usually
having an automatic adding machine and a money drawer and exhibiting
the amount of the sale.

CASING
Cas"ing, n.

1. The act or process of inclosing in, or covering with, a case or
thin substance, as plaster, boards, etc.

2. An outside covering, for protection or ornament, or to precent the
radiation of heat.

3. An inclosing frame; esp. the framework around a door or a window.
See Case, n., 4.

CASINGS
Ca"sings, n. pl.

Defn: Dried dung of cattle used as fuel. [Prov. Eng.] Waterland.

CASINO
Ca*si"no, n.; pl. E. Casinos, It. Casini. Etym: [It. casino, dim. of
casa house, fr. L. casa cottage. Cf. Cassing.]

1. A small country house.

2. A building or room used for meetings, or public amusements, for
dancing, gaming, etc.

3. A game at cards. See Cassino.

CASK
Cask, n. Etym: [Sp. casco potsherd, skull, helmet, prob. fr. cascar
to break, fr. L. Quassure to break. Cf. Casque, Cass.]

1. Same as Casque. [Obs.]

2. A barrel-shaped vessel made of staves headings, and hoops, usually
fitted together so as to hold liquids. It may be larger or smaller
than a barrel.

3. The quantity contained in a cask.

4. A casket; a small box for jewels. [Obs.] Shak.

CASK
Cask, v. t.

Defn: To put into a cask.

CASKET
Cas"ket, n. Etym: [Cf. F. casquet, dim. of casque belmet, fr. Sp.
casco.]

1. A small chest or box, esp. of rich material or ornamental
character, as for jewels, etc.
The little casket bring me hither. Shak.

2. A kind of burial case. [U. S.]

3. Anything containing or intended to contain something highly
esteemed; as: (a) The body. (Shak). (b) The tomb. (Milton). (c) A
book of selections. [poetic]
They found him dead . . . an empty casket. Shak.

CASKET
Cas"ket, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A gasket. See Gasket.

CASKET
Cas"ket, v. t.

Defn: To put into, or preserve in, a casket. [Poetic] "I have
casketed my treasure." Shak.

CASQUE
Casque, n. Etym: [F. casque, fr. Sp. casco See Cask.]

Defn: A piece of defensive or ornamental armor (with or without a
vizor) for the head and neck; a helmet.
His casque overshadowed with brilliant plumes. Prescott.

CASS
Cass, v. t. Etym: [F. casser, LL. cassare, fr. L. cassus empty,
hollow, and perhaps influenced by L. quassare to shake, shatter, v.
intens. of quatere to shake. Cf. Cashier, v. t., Quash, Cask.]

Defn: To render useless or void; to annul; to reject; to send away.
[Obs.] Sir W. Raleing.

CASSADA
Cas"sa*da, n.

Defn: See Cassava.

CASSAREEP
Cas"sa*reep, n.

Defn: A condiment made from the sap of the bitter cassava (Manihot
utilissima) deprived of its poisonous qualities, concentrated by
boiling, and flavored with aromatics. See Pepper pot.

CASSATE
Cas"sate, v. t. Etym: [LL. cassare. See Cass.]

Defn: To render void or useless; to vacate or annul. [Obs.]

CASSATION
Cas*sa"tion, n. Etym: [F. cassation. See Cass.]

Defn: The act of annulling.
A general cassation of their constitutions. Motley.
Court of cassation, the highest court of appeal in France, which has
power to quash (Casser) or reverse the decisions of the inferior
courts.

CASSAVA
Cas"sa*va, n. Etym: [F. cassave, Sp. cazabe, fr. kasabi, in the
language of Hayti.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A shrubby euphorbiaceous plant of the genus Manihot, with
fleshy rootstocks yielding an edible starch; -- called also manioc.

Note: There are two species, bitter and sweet, from which the cassava
of commerce is prepared in the West Indies, tropical America, and
Africa. The bitter (Manihot utilissima) is the more important; this
has a poisonous sap, but by grating, pressing, and baking the root
the poisonous qualities are removed. The sweet (M. Aipi) is used as a
table vegetable.

2. A nutritious starch obtained from the rootstocks of the cassava
plant, used as food and in making tapioca.

CASSAVA WOOD
Cas"sa*va wood`. (Bot.)

Defn: A West Indian tree (Turpinia occidentalis) of the family
Staphyleaceæ.

CASSEL BROWN; CASSEL EARTH
Cas"sel brown, Cas"sel earth .

Defn: A brown pigment of varying permanence, consisting of impure
lignite. It was found originally near Cassel (now Kassel), Germany.

CASSE PAPER
Cas"se Pa"per. Etym: [F. papier cassé. See Cass.]

Defn: Broken paper; the outside quires of a ream.

CASSEROLE
Cas"se*role n. Etym: [F. a saucepan, dim. from casse a basin.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A small round dish with a handle, usually of porcelain.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: A mold (in the shape of a hollow vessel or incasement) of
boiled rice, mashed potato or paste, baked, and afterwards filled
with vegetables or meat.

CASSE-TETE
Casse`-tête", n. [F., fr. casser to breal (see 2d Quash) + tête
head.]

Defn: A small war club, esp. of savages; -- so called because of its
supposed use in crushing the skull.

CASSETTE
Cas`sette", n. [F., prop., a casket, dim. of casse a case. See lst
Case.]

Defn: Same as Seggar.

CASSIA
Cas"sia, n. Etym: [L. cassia and casia, Gr. qetsi\'beh, fr. qatsa' to
cut off, to peel off.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous plants (herbs, shrubs, or trees) of many
species, most of which have purgative qualities. The leaves of
several species furnish the senna used in medicine.

2. The bark of several species of Cinnamommum grown in China, etc.;
Chinese cinnamon. It is imported as cassia, but commonly sold as
cinnamon, from which it differs more or less in strength and flavor,
and the amount of outer bark attached.

Note: The medicinal "cassia" (Cassia pulp) is the laxative pulp of
the pods of a leguminous tree (Cassia fistula or Pudding-pipe tree),
native in the East Indies but naturalized in various tropical
countries. Cassia bark, the bark of Cinnamomum Cassia, etc. The
coarser kinds are called Cassia lignea, and are often used to
adulterate true cinnamon.
 -- Cassia buds, the dried flower buds of several species of cinnamon
(Cinnamomum cassia, atc..).
 -- Cassia oil, oil extracted from cassia bark and cassia buds; --
called also oil of cinnamon.

CASSICAN
Cas"si*can, n. Etym: [NL. cassicus helmeted, fr. L. cassis a belmet.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An American bird of the genus Cassicus, allied to the starlings
and orioles, remarkable for its skillfully constructed and suspended
nest; the crested oriole. The name is also sometimes given to the
piping crow, an Australian bird.

CASSIDEOUS
Cas*sid"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. Cassis helmet.] (Bot.)

Defn: Helmet-shaped; -- applied to a corolla having a broad, helmet-
shaped upper petal, as in aconite.

CASSIDONY
Cas"si*do*ny, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. cassidonium, F. Cassidoine. See
Chalcedony.] (Bot.)
(a) The French lavender (Lawandula Stachas).
(b) The goldilocks (Chrysocoma linosyris) and perhaps other plants
related to the genus Gnaphalium or cudweed.

CASSIMERE
Cas"si*mere, n. Etym: [Cf. F. casimir, prob. of the same origin as E.
cashmere. Cf. Kerseymere.]

Defn: A thin, twilled, woolen cloth, used for men's garments.
[Written also kerseymere.]

CASSINETTE
Cas`si*nette", n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. casinete, G. cassinet.]

Defn: A cloth with a cotton wart, and a woof of very fine wool, or
wool and silk.

CASSINIAN OVALS
Cas*sin"i*an o"vals. (Math.)

Defn: See under Oval.

CASSINO
Cas*si"no, n. Etym: [It. casino a small house, a gaming house. See
asing.]

Defn: A game at cards, played by two or more persons, usually for
twenty-one points. Great cassino, the ten of diamonds.
 -- Little cassino, the two of spades.

CASSIOBERRY
Cas"si*o*ber`ry, n. Etym: [NL. cassine, from the language of the
Florida Indians.]

Defn: The fruit of the Viburnum obovatum, a shrub which grows from
Virginia to Florida.

CASSIOPEIA
Cas`si*o*pe"ia, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation of the northern hemisphere, situated between
Capheus and Perseus; -- so called in honor of the wife of Cepheus, a
fabuolous king of Ethiopia. Cassiopeia's Chair, a group of six stars,
in Cassiopeia, somewhat resembling a chair.

CASSITERITE
Cas*sit"er*ite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Native tin dioxide; tin stone; a mineral occurring in
tetragonal crystals of reddish brown color, and brilliant adamantine
luster; also massive, sometimes in compact forms with concentric
fibrous structure resembling wood (wood tin), also in rolled
fragments or pebbly (Stream tin). It is the chief source of metallic
tin. See Black tin, under Black.

CASSIUS
Cas"sius, n. Etym: [From the name of the discoverer, A. Cassius, a
German physician of the 17th centry.]

Defn: A brownish purple pigment, obtained by the action of some
compounds of tin upon certain salts of gold. It is used in painting
and staining porcelain and glass to give a beautiful purple color.
Commonly called Purple of Cassius.

CASSOCK
Cas"sock, n. Etym: [F. casaque, fr. It. casacca, perh. fr. L. casa
cottage, in It., house; or of Slavic origin.]

1. A long outer garment formerly worn by men and women, as well as by
soldiers as part of their uniform.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A garment resembling a long frock coat worn by the clergy of
certain churches when officiating, and by others as the usually outer
garment.

CASSOCKED
Cas"socked, a.

Defn: Clothed with a cassock.

CASSOLETTE
Cas`so*lette", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: a box, or vase with a perforated cover to emit perfumes.

CASSONADE
Cas`son*ade", n. Etym: [F., fr. casson, for caisson a large chest.
This sugar comes from Brazil in large chests.]

Defn: Raw sugar; sugar not refined. Mc Elrath.

CASSOWARY
Cas"so*wa*ry, n.; pl. Cassowaries. Etym: [Malay kasuari.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large bird, of the genus Casuarius, found in the east Indies.
It is smaller and stouter than the ostrich. Its head is armed with a
kind of helmet of horny substance, consisting of plates overlapping
each other, and it has a group of long sharp spines on each wing
which are used as defensive organs. It is a shy bird, and runs with
great rapidity. Other species inhabit New Guinea, Australia, etc.

CASSUMUNAR; CASSUMUNIAR
Cas`su*mu"nar, Cas`su*mu"ni*ar, n. Etym: [Hind.] (Med.)

Defn: A pungent, bitter, aromatic, gingerlike root, obtained from the
East Indies.

CAST
Cast, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cast; p. pr. & vb. n. Casting.] Etym: [Cf.
Dan. kastw, Icel. & Sw. kasta; perh. akin to L. gerer to bear, carry.
E. Jest.]

1. To send or drive by force; to throw; to fling; to hurl; to impel.
Uzziash prepared . . . slings to cast stones. 2 Chron. xxvi. 14
Cast thy garment about thee, and follow me. Acts. xii. 8
We must be cast upon a certain island. Acts. xxvii. 26.

2. To direct or turn, as the eyes.
How earnestly he cast his eyes upon me! Shak.

3. To drop; to deposit; as, to cast a ballot.

4. To throw down, as in wrestling. Shak.

5. To throw up, as a mound, or rampart.
Thine enemies shall cast a trench [bank] about thee. Luke xix. 48.

6. To throw off; to eject; to shed; to lose.
His filth within being cast. Shak.
Neither shall your vine cast her fruit. Mal. iii. 11
The creatures that cast the skin are the snake, the viper, etc.
Bacon.

7. To bring forth prematurely; to slink.
Thy she-goats have not cast their young. Gen. xxi. 38.

8. To throw out or emit; to exhale. [Obs.]
This . . . casts a sulphureous smell. Woodward.

9. To cause to fall; to shed; to reflect; to throw; as, to cast a ray
upon a screen; to cast light upon a subject.

10. To impose; to bestow; to rest.
The government I cast upon my brother. Shak.
Cast thy burden upon the Lord. Ps. iv. 22.

11. To dismiss; to discard; to cashier. [Obs.]
The state can not with safety casthim.

12. To compute; to reckon; to calculate; as, to cast a horoscope.
"Let it be cast and paid." Shak.
You cast the event of war my noble lord. Shak.

13. To contrive; to plan. [Archaic]
The cloister . . . had, I doubt not, been cast for [an orange-
house]. Sir W. Temple.

14. To defeat in a lawsuit; to decide against; to convict; as, to be
cast in damages.
She was cast to be hanged. Jeffrey.
Were the case referred to any competent judge, they would inevitably
be cast. Dr. H. More.

15. To turn (the balance or scale); to overbalance; hence, to make
preponderate; to decide; as, a casting voice.
How much interest casts the balance in cases dubious! South.

16. To form into a particular shape, by pouring liquid metal or other
material into a mold; to fashion; to found; as, to cast bells,
stoves, bullets.

17. (Print.)

Defn: To stereotype or electrotype.

18. To fix, distribute, or allot, as the parts of a play among
actors; also to assign (an actor) for a part.
Our parts in the other world will be new cast. Addison.
To cast anchor (Naut.) Se under Anchor.
 -- To cast a horoscope, to calculate it.
 -- To cast a horse, sheep, or other animal, to throw with the feet
upwards, in such a manner as to prevent its rising again.
 -- To cast a shoe, to throw off or lose a shoe, said of a horse or
ox.
 -- To cast aside, to throw or push aside; to neglect; to reject as
useless or inconvenient.
 -- To cast away. (a) To throw away; to lavish; to waste. "Cast away
a life" Addison. (b) To reject; to let perish. "Cast away his
people." Rom. xi. 1. "Cast one away." Shak. (c) To wreck. "Cast away
and sunk." Shak.
 -- To cast by, to reject; to dismiss or discard; to throw away.
 -- To cast down, to throw down; to destroy; to deject or depress, as
the mind. "Why art thou cast down. O my soul" Ps. xiii. 5.
 -- To cast forth, to throw out, or eject, as from an inclosed place;
to emit; to send out.
 -- To cast in one's lot with, to share the fortunes of.
 -- To cast in one's teeth, to upbraid or abuse one for; to twin.
 -- To cast lots. See under Lot.
 -- To cast off. (a) To discard or reject; to drive away; to put off;
to free one's self from. (b) (Hunting) To leave behind, as dogs;
also, to set loose, or free, as dogs. Crabb. (c) (Naut.) To untie,
throw off, or let go, as a rope.
 -- To cast off copy, (Print.), to estimate how much printed matter a
given amount of copy will make, or how large the page must be in
order that the copy may make a given number of pages.
 -- To cast one's self on or upon to yield or submit one's self
unreservedly to. as to the mercy of another.
 -- To cast out, to throy out; to eject, as from a house; to cast
forth; to expel; to utter.
 -- To cast the lead (Naut.), to sound by dropping the lead to the
botton.
 -- To cast the water (Med.), to examine the urine for signs of
disease. [Obs.].
 -- To cast up. (a) To throw up; to raise. (b) To compute; to reckon,
as the cost. (c) To vomit. (d) To twit with; to throw in one's teeth.

CAST
Cast, v. i.

1. To throw, as a line in angling, esp, with a fly hook.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To turn the head of a vessel around from the wind in getting
under weigh.
Weigh anchor, cast to starboard. Totten.

3. To consider; to turn or revolve in the mind; to plan; as, to cast
about for reasons.
She . . . cast in her mind what manner of salution this should be.
Luke. i. 29.

4. To calculate; to compute. [R.]
Who would cast and balance at a desk. Tennyson.

5. To receive form or shape in a mold.
It will not run thin, so as to cast and mold. Woodward.

6. To warp; to become twisted out of shape.
Stuff is said to cast or warp when . . . it alters its flatness or
straightness. Moxon.

7. To vomit.
These verses . . . make me ready to cast. B. Jonson.

CAST
Cast,

Defn: 3d pres. of Cast, for Casteth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CAST
Cast, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel., Dan., & Sw. kast.]

1. The act of casting or throwing; a throw.

2. The thing thrown.
A cast of dreadful dust. Dryden.

3. The distance to which a thing is or can be thrown. "About a
stone's cast." Luke xxii. 41.

4. A throw of dice; hence, a chance or venture.
An even cast whether the army should march this way or that way.
Sowth.
I have set my life upon a cast, And I will stand the hazard of the
die. Shak.

5. That which is throw out or off, shed, or ejected; as, the skin of
an insect, the refuse from a hawk's stomach, the excrement of a
earthworm.

6. The act of casting in a mold.
And why such daily cast of brazen cannon. Shak.

7. An impression or mold, taken from a thing or person; amold; a
pattern.

8. That which is formed in a mild; esp. a reproduction or copy, as of
a work of art, in bronze or plaster, etc.; a casting.

9. Form; appearence; mien; air; style; as, a pecullar cast of
countenance. "A neat cast of verse." Pope.
An heroic poem, but in another cast and figure. Prior.
And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o'er with the pale
cast of thought. Shak.

10. A tendency to any color; a tinge; a shade.
Gray with a cast of green. Woodward.

11. A chance, opportunity, privilege, or advantage; specifically, an
opportunity of riding; a lift. [Scotch]
We bargained with the driver to give us a cast to the next stage.
Smollett.
If we had the cast o' a cart to bring it. Sir W. Scott.

12. The assignment of parts in a play to the actors.

13. (Falconary)

Defn: A flight or a couple or set of hawks let go at one time from
the hand. Grabb.
As when a cast of falcons make their flight. Spenser.

14. A stoke, touch, or trick. [Obs.]
This was a cast of Wood's politics; for his information was wholly
false. Swift.

15. A motion or turn, as of the eye; direction; look; glance; squint.
The cast of the eye is a gesture of aversion. Bacon.
And let you see with one cast of an eye. Addison.
This freakish, elvish cast came into the child's eye. Hawthorne.

16. A tube or funnel for conveying metal into a mold.

17. Four; that is, as many as are thrown into a vessel at once in
counting herrings, etc; a warp.

18. Contrivance; plot, design. [Obs.] Chaucer. A cast of the eye, a
slight squint or strabismus.
 -- Renal cast (Med.), microscopic bodies found in the urine of
persons affected with disease of the kidneys; -- so called because
they are formed of matter deposited in, and preserving the outline
of, the renal tubes.
 -- The last cast, the last throw of the dice or last effort, on
which every thing is ventured; the last chance.

CASTALIAN
Cas*ta"li*an, a. Etym: [L. Castalius]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Castalia, a mythical fountain of
inspiration on Mt. Parnassus sacred to the Muses. Milton.

CASTANEA
Cas*ta"ne*a, n. Etym: [L., a chestnut, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of nut-bearing trees or shrubs including the chestnut
and chinquapin.

CASTANET
Cas"ta*net, n.

Defn: See Castanets.

CASTANETS
Cas"ta*nets, n. pl. Etym: [F. castagnettes, Sp. castañetas, fr. L.
castanea (Sp. castaña) a chestnut. So named from the resemblance to
two chestnuts, or because chestnuts were first used for castanets.
See Chestnut.]

Defn: Two small, concave shells of ivory or hard wood, shaped like
spoons, fastened to the thumb, and beaten together with the middle
finger; -- used by the Spaniards and Moors as an accompaniment to
their dance and guitars.

Note: The singular, castanet, is used of one of the pair, or,
sometimes, of the pair forming the instrument.
The dancer, holding a castanet in each hand, rattles then to the
motion of his feet. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

CASTAWAY
Cast"a*way, n.

1. One who, or that which, is cast away or shipwrecked.

2. One who is ruined; one who has made moral shipwreck; a reprobate.
Lest . . . when I have preached to others, I myself should be a
castaway. 1 Cor. ix. 27.

CASTAWAY
Cast"a*way, a.

Defn: Of no value; rejected; useless.

CASTE
Caste, n. Etym: [Pg. casta race, lineage, fr. L. castus pure, chaste:
cf. F. caste, of same origin.]

1. One of the hereditary classes into which the Hindoos are divided
according to the laws of Brahmanism.

Note: The members of the same caste are theoretically of equal rank,
and same profession or occupation, and may not eat or intermarry with
those not of their own caste. The original are four, viz., the
Brahmans, or sacerdotal order; the Kshatriyas, or soldiers and
rulers; the Vaisyas, or husbandmen and merchants; and the Sudras, or
laborers and mechanics. Men of no caste are Pariahs, outcasts.
Numerous mixed classes, or castes, have sprung up in the progress of
time.

2. A separate and fixed order or class of persons in society who
chiefly hold intercourse among themselves.
The tinkers then formed an hereditary caste. Macaulay.
To lose caste, to be degraded from the caste to which one has
belonged; to lose social position or consideration.

CASTELLAN
Cas"tel*lan, n. Etym: [OF. castelain, F. châtelain, L. castellanus
pertaining to a castle, an occupant of a caste, LL., a governor of a
castle, fr. L. catellum castle, citadel, dim. of castrum fortifled
place. See Castle, and cf. Chatelaine.]

Defn: A goveror or warden of a castle.

CASTELLANY
Cas"tel*la*ny, n.; pl. Castellanies. Etym: [LL. castellania.]

Defn: The lordship of a castle; the extent of land and jurisdiction
appertaining to a castle.

CASTELLATED
Cas"tel*la`ted, a. Etym: [LL. castellatus, fr. castellare. See
Castle.]

1. Inclosed within a building; as, a fountain or cistern castellated.
[Obs.] Johnson.

2. Furnished with turrets and battlements, like a castle; built in
the style of a castle.

CASTELLATION
Cas`tel*la"tion, n. Etym: [LL. castellation, fr. castellare, fr. L.
castellum. See Castle.]

Defn: The act of making into a castle.

CASTER
Cast"er, n.

1. One who casts; as, caster of stones, etc. ; a caster of cannon; a
caster of accounts.

2. A vial, cruet, or other small vessel, used to contain condiments
at the table; as, a set of casters.

3. A stand to hold a set of cruets.

4. A small wheel on a swivel, on which furniture is supported and
moved.

CASTIGATE
Cas"ti*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Castigated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Castigating.] Etym: [L. castigatus, p. p. of castigare to correct,
punish; castus pure, chaste + agere to move, drive. See Caste, and
cf. Chasten.]

1. To punish by stripes; to chastise by blows; to chasten; also, to
chastise verbally; to reprove; to criticise severely.

2. To emend; to correct. [Obs.]

CASTIGATION
Cas`ti*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. catigatio.]

1. Corrective punishment; chastisement; reproof; pungent criticism.
The keenest castigation of her slanderers. W. Irving.

2. Emendation; correction. [Obs.]

CASTIGATOR
Cas`ti*ga"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who castigates or corrects.

CASTIGATORY
Cas`ti*ga*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. castigatorius.]

Defn: Punitive in order to amendment; corrective.

CASTIGATORY
Cas"ti*ga*to*ry, n.

Defn: An instrument formerly used to punish and correct arrant
scolds; -- called also a ducking stool, or trebucket. Blacktone.

CASTILE SOAP
Cas"tile soap". Etym: [From Castile, or Castilia, a province in
Spain, from which it originally came.]

Defn: A kind of fine, hard, white or mottled soap, made with olive
and soda; also, a soap made in imitation of the above-described soap.

CASTILIAN
Cas*til"ian, n. Etym: [Sp. castellano, from Castila, NL. Castilia,
Castella. Castile, which received its name from the castles erected
on the frontiers as a barrier against the Moors.]

1. An inhabitant or native of Castile, in Spain.

2. The Spanish language as spoken in Castile.

CASTILLAN
Cas*til"lan, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Castile, in Spain.

CASTING
Cast"ing, n.

1. The act of one who casts or throws, as in fishing.

2. The act or process of making cast or impressions, or of shaping
metal or plaster in a mold; the act or the process of pouring molten
metal into a mold.

3. That which is cast in a mold; esp. the mass of metal so cast; as,
a casting in iron; bronze casting.

4. The warping of a board. Brande & C.

5. The act of casting off, or that which is cast off, as skin,
feathers, excrement, etc. Casting of draperies, the proper
distribution of the folds of garments, in painting and sculpture.
 -- Casting line (Fishing), the leader; also, sometimes applied to
the long reel line. Casting net, a net which is cast and drawn, in
distinction from a net that is set and left.
 -- Casting voice, Casting vote, the decisive vote of a presiding
officer, when the votes of the assembly or house are equally divided.
"When there was an equal vote, the governor had the casting voice."
B. Trumbull.
 -- Casting weight, a weight that turns a balance when exactly
poised.

CAST IRON
Cast" i`ron.

Defn: Highly carbonized iron, the direct product of the blast
furnace; -- used for making castings, and for conversion into wrought
iron and steel. It can not be welded or forged, is brittle, and
sometimes very hard. Besides carbon, it contains sulphur, phosphorus,
silica, etc.

CAST-IRON
Cast"-i`ron, a.

Defn: Made of cast iron. Hence, Fig.: like cast iron; hardy;
unyielding.

CASTLE
Cas"tle, n. Etym: [AS. castel, fr. L. castellum, dim. of castrum a
fortified place, castle.]

1. A fortified residence, especially that of a prince or nobleman; a
fortress.
The house of every one is to him castle and fortress, as well for his
defense againts injury and violence, as for his repose. Coke.
Our castle's strength Will laugh a siege to scorn. Shak.

Note: Originally the mediæval castle was a single strong tower or
keep, with a palisaded inclosure around it and inferior buidings,
such as stables and the like, and surrounded by a moat; then such a
keep or donjon, with courtyards or baileys and accessory buildings of
greater elaboration a great hall and a chapel, all surrounded by
defensive walls and a moat, with a drawbridge, etc. Afterwards the
name was retained by large dwellings that had formerly been
fortresses, or by those which replaced ancient fortresses. A Donjon
or Keep, an irregular building containing the dwelling of the lord
and his family; B C Large round towers ferming part of the donjon and
of the exterior; D Square tower, separating the two inner courts and
forming part of the donjon; E Chapel, whose apse forms a half-round
tower, F, on the exterior walls; G H Round towers on the exterior
walls; K Postern gate, reached from outside by a removable fight of
steps or inclined plane for hoisting in stores, and leading to a
court, L (see small digagram) whose pavement is on a level with the
sill of the postern, but below the level of the larger court, with
which it communicates by a separately fortified gateway; M Turret,
containing spiral stairway to all the stories of the great tower, B,
and serving also as a station for signal fire, banner, etc.; N Turret
with stairway for tower, C; O Echauguettes; P P P Battlemants
consisting of merlons and crenels alternately, the merlons being
pierced by loopholes; Q Q Machicolations (those at Q defend the
postern K); R Outwork defending the approach, which is a road
ascending the hill and passing under all four faces of the castle; S
S Wall of the outer bailey. The road of approach enters the bailey at
T and passes thence into the castle by the main entrance gateway
(which is in the wall between, and defended by the towers, C H) and
over two drawbridges and through fortified passages to the inner
court.

2. Any strong, imposing, and stately mansion.

3. A small tower, as on a ship, or an elephant's back.

4. A piece, made to represent a castle, used in the game of chess; a
rook. Castle in the air, a visionary project; a baseless scheme; an
air castle; -- sometimes called a castle in Spain (F. Château en
Espagne).

Syn.
 -- Fortress; fortification; citadel; stronghold. See Fortress.

CASTLE
Cas"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Castled (. p. pr. & vb. n. Castling.]
(Chess)

Defn: To move the castle to the square next to king, and then the
king around the castle to the square next beyond it, for the purpose
of covering the king.

CASTLEBUILDER
Cas"tle*build`er, n.

Defn: Fig.: one who builds castles in the air or forms visionary
schemes.
 -- Cas"tle*build`ing, n.

CASTLED
Cas"tled, a.

Defn: Having a castle or castles; supporting a castle; as, a castled
height or crag.

2. Fortified; turreted; as, castled walls.

CASTLE-GUARD
Cas"tle-guard`, n.

1. The guard or defense of a castle.

2. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A tax or imposition an a dwelling within a certain distance of
a castle, for the purpose of maintaining watch and ward in it;
castle-ward.

3. A feudal tenure, obliging the tenant to perform service within the
realm, without limitation of time.

CASTLERY
Cas"tle*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. castelerie. See Castle.]

Defn: The government of a castle. Blount.

CASTLET
Cas"tlet, n.

Defn: A small castle. Leland.

CASTLEWARD
Cas"tle*ward`, n.

Defn: Same as Castleguard.

CASTLING
Cast"ling, n.

Defn: That which is cast or brought forth prematurely; an abortion.
Sir T. Browne.

CASTLING
Cas"tling, n. (Chess)

Defn: A compound move of the king and castle. See Castle, v. i.

CAST-OFF
Cast"-off`, a.

Defn: Cast or laid aside; as, cast-off clothes.

CASTOR
Cas"tor, n. Etym: [L. castor the beaver, Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of rodents, including the beaver. See Beaver.

2. Castoreum. See Castoreum.

3. A hat, esp. one made of beaver fur; a beaver.
I have always been known for the jaunty manner in which I wear my
castor. Sir W. Scott.

4. A heavy quality of broadcloth for overcoats.

CASTOR
Cast"or, n.

Defn: See Caster, a small wheel.

CASTOR
Cas"tor, n. Etym: [L.] (Astron.)

Defn: the northernmost of the two bright stars in the constellation
Gemini, the other being Pollux.

CASTOR; CASTORITE
Cas"tor, Cas"tor*ite, n. Etym: [The minerals castor and pollux were
so named because found together on the island of Elba. See Castor and
Pollux.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of the mineral called petalite, from Elba.

CASTOR AND POLLUX
Cas"tor and Pol"lux. Etym: [Castor and Pollux were twin sons of
Jupiter and Leda.] (Naut.)

Defn: See Saint Elmo's fire, under Saint.

CASTOR BEAN
Cas"tor bean". (Bot.)

Defn: The bean or seed of the castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis, or
Palma Christi.)

CASTOREUM
Cas*to"re*um, n. Etym: [L. See Castor.]

Defn: A peculiar bitter orange-brown substance, with strong,
penetrating odor, found in two sacs between the anus and external
genitals of the beaver; castor; -- used in medicine as an
antispasmodic, and by perfumers.

CASTORIN
Cas"to*rin, n. Etym: [From 1st Castor.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance obtained from castoreum.

CASTOR OIL
Cas"tor oil.

Defn: A mild cathartic oil, expressed or extracted from the seeds of
the Ricinus communis, or Palma Christi. When fresh the oil is
inodorus and insipid. Castor-oil plant. Same as Palma Christi.

CASTRAMETATION
Cas`tra*me*ta"tion, n. Etym: [F. castramétation, fr. L. castra camp +
metari to measure off, fr. meta limit.] (Mil.)

Defn: The art or act of encamping; the making or laying out of a
camp.

CASTRATE
Cas"trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Castrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Castrating.] Etym: [L. castrarus, p; p. of castrare to castrate, asin
to Skr. çastra knife.]

1. To deprive of the testicles; to emasculate; to geld; to alter.

2. To cut or take out; esp. to remove anything erroneous, or
objectionable from, as the obscene parts of a writing; to expurgate.
My . . . correspondent . . . has sent me the following letter, which
I have castrated in some places. Spectator.

CASTRATION
Cas*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. castratio; cf. F. castration.]

Defn: The act of castrating.

CASTRATO
Cas*tra"to, n. Etym: [L., properly p. p. of castrare. See Castrate.]

Defn: A male person castrated for the purpose of improving his voice
for singing; an artificial, or male, soprano. Swift.

CASTREL
Cas"trel, n. Etym: [Cf. F. crécerelle, cristel, OF. crecel, cercele.
Cf. Kestrel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Kestrel.

CASTRENSIAL
Cas*tren"sial, a. Etym: [L. castrensis, fr. castra camp.]

Defn: Belonging to a camp. Sir T. Browne.

CASTRENSIAN
Cas*tren"sian, a.

Defn: Castrensial. [R.]

CAST STEEL
Cast" steel".

Defn: See Cast steel, under Steel.

CASUAL
Cas"u*al, a. Etym: [OE. casuel, F. casuel, fr. L. casualis, fr. casus
fall, accident, fr. cadere to fall. See Case.]

1. Happening or coming to pass without design, and without being
foreseen or expected; accidental; fortuitous; coming by chance.
Casual breaks, in the general system. W. Irving.

2. Coming without regularity; occasional; incidental; as, casual
expenses.
A constant habit, rather than a casual gesture. Hawthorne.

Syn.
 -- Accidental; fortutious; incidental; occasional; contingent;
unforeseen. See Accidental.

CASUAL
Cas"u*al, n.

Defn: One who receives relief for a night in a parish to which he
does not belong; a vagrant.

CASUALISM
Cas"u*al*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine that all things exist or are controlled by chance.

CASUALIST
Cas"u*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in casualism.

CASUALLY
Cas"u*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Without design; accidentally; fortuitously; by chance;
occasionally.

CASUALNESS
Cas"u*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being casual.

CASUALTY
Cas"u*al*ty, n.; pl. Casualties. Etym: [F. casualité, LL.
casualitas.]

1. That which comes without design or without being foreseen;
contingency.
Losses that befall them by mere casualty. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Any injury of the body from accident; hence, death, or other
misfortune, occasioned by an accident; as, an unhappy casualty.

3. pl. (Mil. & Naval)

Defn: Numerical loss caused by death, wounds, discharge, or
desertion. Casualty ward, A ward in a hospital devoted to the
treatment of injuries received by accident.

Syn.
 -- Accident; contingency; fortuity; misfortune.

CASUARINA
Cas`u*a*ri"na, n. Etym: [NL., supposed to be named from the
resemblance of the twigs to the feathers of the cassowary, of the
genus Casuarius.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leafles trees or shrubs, with drooping branchlets of
a rushlike appearance, mostly natives of Australia. Some of them are
large, producing hard and heavy timber of excellent quality, called
beefwood from its color.

CASUIST
Cas"u*ist, n. Etym: [L. casus fall, case; cf. F. casuiste. See
Casual.]

Defn: One who is skilled in, or given to, casuistry.
The judment of any casuist or learned divine concerning the state of
a man's soul, is not sufficient to give him confidence. South.

CASUIST
Cas"u*ist, v. i.

Defn: To play the casuist. Milton.

CASUISTIC; CASUISTICAL
Cas`u*is"tic, Cas`u*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to casuists or casuistry.

CASUISTRY
Cas"u*ist*ry, a.

1. The science or doctrine of dealing with cases of conscience, of
resolving questions of right or wrong in conduct, or determining the
lawfulness or unlawfulness of what a man may do by rules and
principles drawn from the Scriptures, from the laws of society or the
church, or from equity and natural reason; the application of general
moral rules to particular cases.
The consideration of these nice and puzzling question in the science
of ethics has given rise, in modern times, to a particular department
of it, distinguished by the title of casuistry. Stewart.
Casuistry in the science of cases (i.e., oblique deflections from the
general rule). De Quincey.

2. Sophistical, equivocal, or false reasoning or teaching in regard
to duties, obligations, and morals.

CASUS
Ca"sus, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: An event; an occurrence; an occasion; a combination of
circumstances; a case; an act of God. See the Note under Accident.
Casus belli, an event or combination of events which is a cause war,
or may be alleged as a justification of war.
 -- Casus fortuitus, an accident against which due prudence could not
have provided. See Act of God, under Act.
 -- Casus omissus, a case not provided for by the statute.

CAT
Cat, n. Etym: [AS. cat; akin to D. & Dan. kat, Sw. kett, Icel. köttr,
G. katze, kater, Ir. Cat, W. cath, Armor. kaz, LL. catus, Bisc.
catua, NGr cot, Turk. kedi, Ar. qitt; of unknown origin. CF. Ketten.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal of various species of the genera Felis and Lynx. The
domestic cat is Felis domestica. The European wild cat (Felis catus)
is much larger than the domestic cat. In the United States the name
wild cat is commonly applied to the bay lynx (Lynx rufus) See Wild
cat, and Tiger cat.

Note: The domestic cat includes many varieties named from their place
of origin or from some peculiarity; as, the Angora cat; the Maltese
cat; the Manx cat.

Note: The word cat is also used to designate other animals, from some
fancied resemblance; as, civet cat, fisher cat, catbird, catfish
shark, sea cat.

2. (Naut.)
(a) A strong vessel with a narrow stern, projecting quarters, and
deep waist. It is employed in the coal and timber trade.
(b) A strong tackle used to draw an anchor up to the cathead of a
ship. Totten.

3. A double tripod (for holding a plate, etc.), having six feet, of
which three rest on the ground, in whatever position in is placed.

4. An old game; (a) The game of tipcat and the implement with which
it is played. See Tipcat. (c) A game of ball, called, according to
the number of batters, one old cat, two old cat, etc.

5. A cat o' nine tails. See below. Angora cat, blind cat, See under
Angora, Blind.
 -- Black cat the fisher. See under Black.
 -- Cat and dog, like a cat and dog; quarrelsome; inharmonius. "I am
sure we have lived a cat and dog life of it." Coleridge.
 -- Cat block (Naut.), a heavy iron-strapped block with a large hook,
part of the tackle used in drawing an anchor up to the cathead.
 -- Cat hook (Naut.), a strong hook attached to a cat block.
 -- Cat nap, a very short sleep. [Colloq.] -- Cat o' nine tails, an
instrument of punishment consisting of nine pieces of knotted line or
cord fastened to a handle; -- formerly used to flog offenders on the
bare back.
 -- Cat's cradle, game played, esp. by children, with a string looped
on the fingers so, as to resemble small cradle. The string is
transferred from the fingers of one to those of another, at each
transfer with a change of form. See Cratch, Cratch cradle.
 -- To let the cat out of the bag, to tell a secret, carelessly or
willfully. [Colloq.] -- Bush cat, the serval. See Serval.

CAT
Cat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. tted; p. pr. & vb. n. Catting.] (Naut.)

Defn: To bring to the cathead; as, to cat an anchor. See Anchor.
Totten.

CATA
Cat"a. Etym: [Gr. kata`.]

Defn: The Latin and English form of a Greek preposition, used as a
prefix to signify down, downward, under, against, contrary or opposed
to, wholly, completely; as in cataclysm, catarrh. It sometimes drops
the final vowel, as in catoptric; and is sometimes changed to cath,
as in cathartic, catholic.

CATABAPTIST
Cat`a*bap"tist, n. Etym: [Pref. cata + aptist. See Baptist.] (Eccl.)

Defn: One who opposes baptism, especially of infants. [Obs.] Featley.

CATABASION
Cat`a*ba"sion, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A vault under altar of a Greek church.

CATABIOTIC
Cat`a*bi*ot"ic, a.

Defn: Aee under Force.

CATACAUSTIC
Cat`a*caus"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. cata + caustic.] (Physics)

Defn: Relating to, or having the properties of, a caustic curve
formed by reflection. See Caustic, a. Nichol.

CATACAUSTIC
Cat`a*caus"tic, n. (Physics)

Defn: A caustic curve formed by reflection of light. Nichol.

CATACHRESIS
Cat`a*chre"sis, n. Etym: [L. fr. Gr. (Rhel.)

Defn: A figure by which one word is wrongly put for another, or by
which a word is wrested from its true signification; as, "To take
arms against a sea of troubles. " Shak. "Her voice was but the shadow
of a sound." Young.

CATACHRESTIC; CATACHRESTICAL
Cat`a*chres"tic, Cat"a*chres"tic*al, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or in the manner of, a catachresis; wrested from
its natural sense or form; forced; far-fatched.
 -- Cat`a*chres"tic*al*ly, adv.
[A] catachrestical and improper way of speaking. Jer. Taylor.

CATACLASM
Cat"a*clasm, n. [Gr. ;  down +  to break.]

Defn: A breaking asunder; disruption.

CATACLYSM
Cat"a*clysm, n. Etym: [L. cataclysmos, Gr. cataclysme.]

1. An extensive overflow or sweeping flood of water; a deluge.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Any violent catastrophe, involving sudden and extensive changes
of the earth's surface.

CATACLYSMAL; CATACLYSMIC
Cat`a*clys"mal, Cat"a*clys"mic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a cataclysm.

CATACLYSMIST
Cat`a*clys"mist, n.

Defn: One who believes that the most important geological phenomena
have been produced by cataclysms.

CATACOMB
Cat"a*comb, n. Etym: [It. catacomba, fr. L. catacumba perh. from Gr.

Defn: A cave, grotto, or subterraneous place of large extent used for
the burial of the dead; -- commonly in the plural.

Note: The terms is supposed to have been applied originally to the
tombs under the church of St. Sebastain in Rome. The most celebrated
catacombs are those near Rome, on the Appian Way, supposed to have
been the place or refuge and interment of the early Chrictians; those
of Egypt, extending for a wide distance in the vicinity of Cairo; and
those of Paris, in abandoned stone quarries, excavated under a large
portion of the city.

CATACOUSTIC
Cat`a*cous"tic, n. Etym: [Pref. cata _ acoustics: cf. F.
caraconstique.] (Physics)

Defn: That part of acoustics which treats of reflected sounds or
echoes See Acoustics. Hutton.

CATACROTIC
Cat`a*crot"ic, a.  [Cata- + Gr.  a beating.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Designating, pertaining to, or characterized by, that form of
pulse tracing, or sphygmogram, in which the descending portion of the
curve is marked by secondary elevations due to two or more expansions
of the artery in the same beat. -- Ca*tac"rotism (#), n.

CATADICROTISM
Cat`a*di"cro*tism, n.  [Cata-+ dicrotism.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Quality or state of being catacrotic. -- Cat`a*di*crot"ic (#),
a.

CATADIOPTRIC; CATADIOPTRICAL
Cat`a*di*op"tric, Cat`a*di*op"tric*al, a. Etym: [Pref. cata +
dioptric: cf. F. catadioptrique.] (Physics)

Defn: Pertaining to, produced by, or involving, both the reflection
and refraction of light; as, a catadioptric light. Hutton.

CATADIOPTRICS
Cat`a*di*op"trics, n.

Defn: The science which treats of catadioptric phenomena, or of the
used of catadioptric instruments.

CATADROME
Cat"a*drome, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A race course.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A machine for raising or lowering heavy weights.

CATADROMOUS
Ca*tad"ro*mous, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the lowest inferior segment of a pinna nearer the rachis
than the lowest superior one; -- said of a mode of branching in
ferns, and opposed to anadromous.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Living in fresh water, and going to the sea to spawn; --
opposed to anadromous, and of the eel.

CATAFALCO
Cat`a*fal"co, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: See Catafalque.

CATAFALQUE
Cat"a*falque`, n. Etym: [F., fr. It. catafalco, scaffold, funeral
canopy; of uncertain origin; cf. Sp. catafalso, cadahalso, cadalso,
Pr. casafalc, OF. chafaut. Cf. Scaffold.]

Defn: A temporary structure sometimes used in the funeral solemnities
of eminent persons, for the public exhibition of the remains, or
their conveyance to the place of burial.

CATAGMATIC
Cat`*ag*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. catagmatique.] (Med.)

Defn: Having the quality of consolidating broken bones.

CATAIAN
Ca*ta"ian, n.

Defn: A native of Cathay or China; a foreigner; -- formerly a term of
reproach. Shak.

CATALAN
Cat"a*lan, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Catalonia.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inbabitant of Catalonia; also, the language of
Catalonia. Catalan furnace, Catalan forge (Metal.), a kind of furnace
for producing wrought iron directly from the ore. It was formerly
much used, esp. in Catalonia, and is still used in some parts of the
United States and elsewhere.

CATALECTIC
Cat`a*lec"tic, a. Etym: [L. catalecticus, Gr.

1. (Pros.)

Defn: Wanting a syllable at the end, or terminating in an imperfect
foot; as, a catalectic verse.

2. (Photog. & Chem.)

Defn: Incomplete; partial; not affecting the whole of a substance.
Abney.

CATALEPSY; CATALEPSIS
Cat"a*lep`sy, Cat`a*lep"sis, n. Etym: [NL. catalepsis, fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A sudden suspension of sensation and volition, the body and
limbs preserving the position that may be given them, while the
action of the heart and lungs continues.

CATALEPTIC
Cat`a*lep"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, catalepsy; affected with
catalepsy; as, a cataleptic fit.

CATALLACTA
Cat`al*lac"ta, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Catallactics.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Protozoa, of which Magosphæra is the type. They
exist both in a myxopod state, with branched pseudopodia, and in the
form of ciliated bodies united in free, spherical colonies.

CATALLACTICS
Cat`al*lac"tics n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science of exchanges, a branch of political economy.

CATALOG
Cat"a*log, n. & v.

Defn: Catalogue.

CATALOGIZE
Cat"a*lo*gize, v. t.

Defn: To insert in a catalogue; to register; to catalogue. [R.]
Coles.

CATALOGUE
Cat"a*logue, n. Etym: [F., fr. catalogus, fr. Gr.

Defn: A list or enumeration of names, or articles arranged
methodically, often in alphabetical order; as, a catalogue of the
students of a college, or of books, or of the stars. Card catalogue,
a catalogue, as of books, having each item entered on a separate
card, and the cards arranged in cases by subjects, or authors, or
alphabetically.
 -- Catalogue raisonné Etym: [F.], a catalogue of books, etc.,
classed according to their subjects. Syn.
 -- List; roll; index; schedule; enumeration; inventory. See List.

CATALOGUE
Cat"a*logue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Catalogued; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cataloguing.]

Defn: To make a list or catalogue; to insert in a catalogue.

CATALOGUER
Cat"a*log`uer, n.

Defn: A maker of catalogues; esp. one skilled in the making of
catalogues.

CATALPA
Ca*tal"pa, n. Etym: [From the language of the Indians of Carolina,
where Catesby discovered this tree in the year 1726.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of American and East Indian trees, of which the best
know species are the Catalpa bignonioides, a large, ornamental North
American tree, with spotted white flowers and long cylindrical pods,
and the C. speciosa, of the Mississipi valley; -- called also Indian
bean.

CATALYSIS
Ca*tal"y*sis, n.; pl. Catalyse. Etym: [ML., fr. Gr.

1. Dissolution; degeneration; decay. [R.]
Sad catalysis and declension of piety. Evelyn.

2. (Chem.)
(a) A process by which reaction occurs in the presence of certain
agents which were formerly believed to exert an influence by mere
contact. It is now believed that such reactions are attended with the
formation of an intermediate compound or compounds, so that by
alternate composition and decomposition the agent is apparenty left
unchanged; as, the catalysis of making ether from alcohol by means of
sulphuric acid; or catalysis in the action of soluble ferments (as
diastase, or ptyalin) on starch.
(b) The catalytic force.

CATALYTIC
Cat`a*ly"tic, a.

Defn: Relating to, or causing, catalysis. "The catalytic power is ill
understood." Ure. Catalytic force, that form of chemical energy
formerly supposed to determine catalysis.

CATALYTIC
Cat`a*lyt"ic, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An agent employed in catalysis, as platinum black, aluminium
chloride, etc.

CATAMARAN
Cat`a*ma*ran", n. Etym: [The native East Indian name.]

1. A kind of raft or float, consisting of two or more logs or pieces
of wood lashed together, and moved by paddles or sail; -- used as a
surf boat and for other purposes on the coasts of the East and West
Indies and South America. Modified forms are much used in the lumber
regions of North America, and at life-saving stations.

2. Any vessel with twin hulls, whether propelled by sails or by
steam; esp., one of a class of double-hulled pleasure boats
remarkable for speed.

3. A kind of fire raft or torpedo bat.
The incendiary rafts prepared by Sir Sidney Smith for destroying the
French flotilla at Boulogne, 1804, were called catamarans. Knight.

4. A quarrelsome woman; a scold. [Colloq.]

CATAMENIA
Cat`a*me"nia, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The monthly courses of women; menstrual discharges; menses.

CATAMENIAL
Cat`a*me"ni*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the catamenia, or menstrual discharges.

CATAMITE
Cat"a*mite, n. Etym: [L. Catamitus, an old form of Ganymedes
Ganymede, Gr.

Defn: A boy kept for unnatural purposes.

CATAMOUNT
Cat"a*mount, n. Etym: [Cat + mount; cf. Sp. gato mentes mountain
cat.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cougar. Applied also, in some parts of the United States,
to the lynx.

CATANADROMOUS
Cat"a*nad`ro*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Ascending and descending fresh streams from and to the sea, as
the salmon; anadromous. [R.]

CATAPASM
Cat"a*pasm, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A compound medicinal powder, used by the ancients to sprinkle
on ulcers, to absorb perspiration, etc. Dunglison.

CATAPELTIC
Cat`a*pel"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a catapult.

CATAPETALOUS
Cat`a*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. cata + petalous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the petals held together by stamens, which grow to their
bases, as in the mallow.

CATAPHONIC
Cat`a*phon"ic, a.

Defn: Of or relating to cataphonics; catacoustic.

CATAPHONICS
Cat`a*phon"ics, n. Etym: [Pref. cata + phonic: cf. F. cataphonique.]
(Physics)

Defn: That branch of acoustics which treats of reflested sounds;
catacoustics.

CATAPHRACT
Cat"a*phract, n. Etym: [L. cataphractes, Gr.

1. (Mil. Antiq.)

Defn: Defensive armor used for the whole body and often for the
horse, also, esp. the linked mail or scale armor of some eastern
nations.

2. A horseman covered with a cataphract.
Archers and slingers, cataphracts, and spears. Milton.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The armor or plate covering some fishes.

CATAPHRACTED
Cat"a*phract`ed, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Covered with a cataphract, or armor of plates, scales, etc.; or
with that which corresponds to this, as horny or bony plates, hard,
callous skin, etc.

CATAPHRACTIC
Cat`a*phrac"tic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a cataphract.

CATAPHYSICAL
Cat`a*phys"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. cata + physical.]

Defn: Unnatural; contrary to nature. [R.]
Some artists . . . have given to Sir Walter Scott a pile of forehead
which is unpleassing and cataphysical. De Quincey.

CATAPLASM
Cat"a*plasm, n. Etym: [L. cataplasma, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A soft and moist substance applied externally to some part of
the body; a poultice. Dunglison.

CATAPLEXY
Cat"a*plex`y, n. [Gr.  amazement: cf. Apoplexy.] (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition caused by an overwhelming shock or extreme
fear and marked by rigidity of the muscles. -- Cat`a*plec"tic (#), a.

CATAPUCE
Cat"a*puce, n. Etym: [F.] (Bot.)

Defn: Spurge. [Obs.]

CATAPULT
Cat"a*pult, n. Etym: [L. catapulta, Gr.

1. (Mil. Antiq.)

Defn: An engine somewhat resembling a massive crossbow, used by the
ancient Greeks and Romans for throwing stones, arrows, spears, etc.

2. A forked stick with elasti band for throwing small stones, etc.

CATARACT
Cat"a*ract, n. Etym: [L. cataracta, catarracles, a waterfall, Gr.

1. A great fall of water over a precipice; a large waterfall.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: An opacity of the crystalline lens, or of its capsule, which
prevents the passage of the rays of light and impairs or destroys the
sight.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: A kind of hydraulic brake for regulating the action of pumping
engines and other machines; -- sometimes called dashpot.

CATARACTOUS
Cat`a*rac"tous, a.

Defn: Of the nature of a cataract in the eye; affected with cataract.

CATARRH
Ca*tarrh", n. Etym: [L. catarrhus, Gr. Stream.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammatory affection of any mucous membrane, in which
there are congestion, swelling, and an altertion in the quantity and
quality of mucus secreted; as catarrh of the stomach; catarrh of the
bladder.

Note: In America, the term catarrh is applied especially to a chronic
inflammation of, and hypersecretion fron, the membranes of the nose
or air passages; in England, to an acute influenza, resulting a cold,
and attended with cough, thirst, lassitude, and watery eyes; also, to
the cold itself.

CATARRHAL
Ca*tarrh"al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, produced by, or attending, catarrh; of the
nature of catarrh.

CATARRHINE
Cat"ar*rhine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Catarrhina, a division of Quadrumana, including the
Old World monkeys and apes which have the nostrils close together and
turned downward. See Monkey.

CATARRHOUS
Ca*tarrh"ous, a.

Defn: Catarrhal. [R.]

CATASTALTIC
Cat`a*stal"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Checking evacutions through astringent or styptic qualities.

CATASTASIS
Ca*tas"ta*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Rhet.)

Defn: That part of a speech, usually the exordium, in which the
orator sets forth the subject matter to be discussed.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The state, or condition of anything; constitution; habit of
body.

CATASTERISM
Ca*tas"ter*ism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A placing among the stars; a catalogue of stars.
The catasterisms of Eratosthenes. Whewell.

CATASTROPHE
Ca*tas"tro*phe, n. Etym: [L. catastropha, Gr.

1. An event producing a subversion of the order or system of things;
a final event, usually of a calamitous or disastrous nature; hence,
sudden calamity; great misfortune.
The strange catastrophe of affairs now at London. Bp. Buret.
The most horrible and portentous catastrophe that nature ever yet
saw. Woodward.

2. The final event in a romance or a dramatic piece; a denouement, as
a death in a tragedy, or a marriage in a comedy.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: A violent and widely extended change in the surface of the
earth, as, an elevation or subsidence of some part of it, effected by
internal causes. Whewell.

CATASTROPHIC
Cat`a*stroph"ic, a.

Defn: Of a pertaining to a catastrophe. B. Powell.

CATASTROPHISM
Ca*tas"tro*phism, n. (Geol.)

Defn: The doctrine that the geological changes in the earth's crust
have been caused by the sudden action of violent physical causes; --
opposed to the doctrine of uniformism.

CATASTROPHIST
Ca*tas"tro*phist, n. (Geol.)

Defn: One who holds the theory or catastrophism.

CATAWBA
Ca*taw"ba, n.

1. A well known light red variety of American grape.

2. A light-colored, sprightly American wine from the Catawba grape.

CATAWBAS
Ca*taw"bas, n. pl.

Defn: ; sing. Catawba. (Ethnol.) An appalachian tribe of Indians
which originally inhabited the regions near the Catawba river and the
head waters of the Santee.

CATBIRD
Cat"bird, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American bird (Galeoscoptes Carolinensis), allied to the
mocking bird, and like it capable of imitating the notes of other
birds, but less perfectly. Its note resembles at times the mewing of
a cat.

CATBOAT
Cat"boat`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A small sailboat, with a single mast placed as far forward as
possible, carring a sail extended by a graff and long boom. See
Illustration in Appendix.

CATCALL
Cat"call`, n.

Defn: A sound like the cry of a cat, such as is made in playhouses to
express dissatisfaction with a play; also, a small shrill instrument
for making such a noise.
Upon the rising of the curtain. I was very much surprised with the
great consort of catcalls which was exhibited. Addison.

CATCH
Catch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caught or Catched (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Catching. Catched is rarely used.] Etym: [OE. cacchen, OF. cachier,
dialectic form of chacier to hunt, F. chasser, fr. (assumend) LL.
captiare, for L. capture, V. intens. of capere to take, catch. See
Capacious, and cf. Chase, Case a box.]

1. To lay hold on; to seize, especially with the hand; to grasp
(anything) in motion, with the effect of holding; as, to catch a
ball.

2. To seize after pursuing; to arrest; as, to catch a thief. "They
pursued . . . and caught him." Judg. i. 6.

3. To take captive, as in a snare or net, or on a hook; as, to catch
a bird or fish.

4. Hence: To insnare; to entangle. "To catch him in his words". Mark
xii. 13.

5. To seize with the senses or the mind; to apprehend; as, to catch a
melody. "Fiery thoughts . . . whereof I catch the issue." Tennyson.

6. To communicate to; to fasten upon; as, the fire caught the
adjoining building.

7. To engage and attach; to please; to charm.
The soothing arts that catch the fair. Dryden.

8. To get possession of; to attain.
Torment myself to catch the English throne. Shak.

9. To take or receive; esp. to take by sympathy, contagion,
infection, or exposure; as, to catch the spirit of an occasion; to
catch the measles or smallpox; to catch cold; the house caught fire.

10. To come upon unexpectedly or by surprise; to find; as, to catch
one in the act of stealing.

11. To reach in time; to come up with; as, to catch a train. To catch
fire, to become inflamed or ignited.
 -- to catch it to get a scolding or beating; to suffer punishment.
[Colloq.] -- To catch one's eye, to interrupt captiously while
speaking. [Colloq.] "You catch me up so very short." Dickens.
 -- To catch up, to snatch; to take up suddenly.

CATCH
Catch, v. i.

1. To attain possession. [Obs.]
Have is have, however men do catch. Shak.

2. To be held or impeded by entanglement or a light obstruction; as,
a kite catches in a tree; a door catches so as not to open.

3. To take hold; as, the bolt does not catch.

4. To spread by, or as by, infecting; to communicate.
Does the sedition catch from man to man Addison.
To catch at, to attempt to seize; to be egger to get or use. "[To]
catch at all opportunities of subverting the state." Addison.
 -- To catch up with, to come up with; to overtake.

CATCH
Catch, n.

1. Act of seizing; a grasp. Sir P. Sidney.

2. That by which anything is caught or temporarily fastened; as, the
catch of a gate.

3. The posture of seizing; a state of preparation to lay hold of, or
of watching he opportunity to seize; as, to lie on the catch.
[Archaic] Addison.
The common and the canon law . . . lie at catch, and wait advantages
one againt another. T. Fuller.

4. That which is caught or taken; profit; gain; especially, the whole
quantity caught or taken at one time; as, a good catch of fish.
Hector shall have a great catch if he knock out either of your
brains. Shak.

5. Something desirable to be caught, esp. a husband or wife in
matrimony. [Colloq.] Marryat.

6. pl.

Defn: Passing opportunities seized; snatches.
It has been writ by catches with many intervals. Locke.

7. A slight remembrance; a trace.
We retain a catch of those pretty stories. Glanvill.

8. (Mus.)

Defn: A humorous canon or round, so contrived that the singers catch
up each other's words.

CATCHABLE
Catch"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being caught. [R.]

CATCH-BASIN
Catch"-ba`sin, n.

Defn: A cistern or vault at the point where a street gutter
discharges into a sewer, to oatch bulky matters which would not pass
readly throught the sewer. Knight.

CATCH CROP
Catch crop.

Defn: Any crop grown between the rows of another crop or intermediate
between two crops in ordinary rotation in point of time. -- Catch"-
crop`ping, n.

Radishes . . . are often grown as a catch crop with other vegetables.
L. H. Bailey.

CATCHDRAIN
Catch"drain`, n.

Defn: A dich or drain along the side of a hill to catch the surface
water; also, a ditch at the side of a canal to catch the surplus
water.

CATCHER
Catch"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, catches.

2. (Baseball)

Defn: The player who stands behind the batsman to catch the ball.

CATCHFLY
Catch"fly, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant with the joints of the stem, and sometimes other parts,
covered with a viscid secretion to which small insects adhere. The
species of Silene are examples of the catchfly.

CATCHING
Catch"ing a.

1. Infections; contagious.

2. Captavating; alluring.

CATCHING
Catch"ing, n.

Defn: The act of seizing or taking hold of Catching bargain (Law), a
bargain made with an heir expectant for the purchase of his
expectancy at an inadequate price. Bouvier.

CATCH-MEADOW
Catch"-mead`ow, n.

Defn: meadow irrigated by water from a spring or rivulet on the side
of hill.

CATCHMENT
Catch"ment, n.

Defn: A surface of ground on which water may be caught and collected
into a reservoir.

CATCHPENNY
Catch"pen*ny, a.

Defn: Made or contrived for getting small sums of money from the
ignorant or unwary; as, a catchpenny book; a catchpenny show.
 -- n.

Defn: Some worthless catchpenny thing.

CATCHPOLL
Catch"poll`, n. Etym: [OF. chacepol, chacipol.]

Defn: A bailiff's assistant.

CATCH TITLE
Catch title.

Defn: A short expressive title used for abbreviated book lists, etc.

CATCHUP; CATSUP
Catch"up, Cat"sup, n. Etym: [Probably of East Indian origin, because
it was originally a kind of East Indian pickles.]

Defn: A table sauce made from mushrooms, tomatoes, walnuts, etc.
[Written also ketchup.]

CATCHWATER
Catch"wa`ter, n.

Defn: A ditch or drain for catching water. See Catchdrain.

CATCHWEED
Catch"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Cleavers.

CATCHWEIGHT
Catch"weight`, adv. (Horseracing)

Defn: Without any additional weight; without being handicapped; as,
to ride catchweight.

CATCHWORD
Catch"word`, n.

1. Among theatrical performers, the last word of the preceding
speaker, which reminds one that he is to speak next; cue.

2. (Print.)

Defn: The first word of any page of a book after the first, inserted
at the right hand bottom corner of the preceding page for the
assistance of the reader. It is seldom used in modern printing.

3. A word or phrase caught up and repeated for effect; as, the
catchword of a political party, etc.

CATCHWORK
Catch"work`, n.

Defn: A work or artificial watercourse for throwing water on lands
that lie on the slopes of hills; a catchdrain.

CATCHY
Catch"y, a.

1. Apt or tending to catch the fancy or attention; catching; taking;
as, catchy music.

2.  Tending to catch or insnare; entangling; -- usually used fig.;
as, a catchy question.

3.  Consisting of, or occuring in, disconnected parts or snatches;
changeable; as, a catchy wind.

It [the fox's scent] is . . . flighty or catchy, if variable.
Encyc. of Sport.

CATE
Cate, n.

Defn: Food. [Obs.] See Cates.

CATECHETIC; CATECHETICAL
Cat`e*chet"ic, Cat`e*chet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Catechise.]

Defn: Relating to or consisting in, asking questions and receiving
answers, according to the ancient manner of teaching.
Socrates introduced a catechetical method of arguing. Addison.

CATECHETICALLY
Cat`e*chet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a catechetical manner; by question and answer.

CATECHETICS
Cat`e*chet"ics, n.

Defn: The science or practice of instructing by questions and
answers.

CATECHIN
Cat"e*chin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of the tannic acids, extracted from catechu as a white,
crystaline substance; -- called also catechuic acid, and catechuin.

CATECHISATION
Cat`e*chi*sa"tion, n. Etym: [LL. catechizatio.]

Defn: The act of catechising.

CATECHISE
Cat"e*chise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Catechised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Catechising.] Etym: [L. catechizare, Gr.

1. To instruct by asking questions, receiving answeres, and offering
explanations and corrections, -- esp. in regard to points of
religious faith.

2. To question or interrogate; to examine or try by questions; --
sometimes with a view to reproof, by eliciting from a person answers
which condemn his own conduct. Swift.

CATECHISER
Cat"e*chi`ser, n.

Defn: One who catechises.

CATECHISM
Cat"e*chism, n. Etym: [L. catechismus, fr. Gr. See Catechise.]

1. A form of instruction by means of questions answers.

2. A book containing a summary of principles, especially of religious
doctrine, reduced to the form of questions and answers.
The Jews, even till this day, have their catechisms. Hooker.
The Larger Catechism, The Shorter Catechism. See Westminster
Assembly, under Assembly.

CATECHISMAL
Cat`e*chis"mal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a catechism, having the form of questions
and answers; catechical.

CATECHIST
Cat"e*chist, n. Etym: [L. catechista, fr. Gr.]

Defn: One who instructs by question and answer, especially in
religions matters.

CATECHISTIC; CATECHISTICAL
Cat`e*chis"tic, Cat`e*chis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a catechist or to a catechism. Dr. H. More.

CATECHIZE
Cat"e*chize, v. t.

Defn: See Catechise.

CATECHU
Cat"e*chu, n. Etym: [See Cashoo.] (Chem.)

Defn: A dry, brown, astringent extract, obtained by decoction and
evaporation from the Acacia catechu, and several other plants growing
in India. It contains a large portion of tannin or tannic acid, and
is used in medicine and in the arts. It is also known by the names
terra japonica, cutch, gambier, etc. Ure. Dunglison.

CATECHUIC
Cat`e*chu"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to catechu or its derivatives. See catechin.

CATECHUMEN
Cat"e*chu`men, n. Etym: [L. catechunenus, Gr. Catechise.] (Eccl.)

Defn: One who is receiving rudimentary instruction in the doctrines
of Christianity; a neophyte; in the primitive church, one officially
recognized as a Christian, and admitted to instruction preliminary to
admission to full membership in the church.

CATECHUMENATE
Cat`e*chu"men*ate, n.

Defn: The state or condition of a catechumen or the time during which
one is a catechumen.

CATECHUMENICAL
Cat`e*chu*men"i*cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to catechumens; as, catechumenical
instructions.

CATECHUMENIST
Cat`e*chu"men*ist, n.

Defn: A catechumen. Bp. Morton.

CATEGOREMATIC
Cat`e*gor`e*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Category.] (Logic.)

Defn: Capable of being employed by itself as a term; -- said of a
word.

CATEGORICAL
Cat`e*gor"ic*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a category.

2. Not hypothetical or relative; admitting no conditions or
exceptions; declarative; absolute; positive; express; as, a
categorical proposition, or answer.
The scriptures by a multitude of categorical and intelligible
decisions . . . distinguish between the things seen and temporal and
those that are unseen and eternal. I. Taylor.

CATEGORICALLY
Cat`e*gor"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Absolutely; directly; expressly; positively; as, to affirm
categorically.

CATEGORICALNESS
Cat`e*gor"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being categorical, positive, or absolute. A.
Marvell.

CATEGORIST
Cat"e*go*rist, n.

Defn: One who inserts in a category or list; one who classifies.
Emerson.

CATEGORIZE
Cat"e*go*rize, v. t.

Defn: To insert in a category or list; to class; to catalogue.

CATEGORY
Cat"e*go*ry, n.; pl. Categories Etym: [L. categoria, Gr.

1. (Logic.)

Defn: One of the highest classes to which the objects of knowledge or
thought can be reduced, and by which they can be arranged in a
system; an ultimate or undecomposable conception; a predicament.
The categories or predicaments -- the former a Greek word, the latter
its literal translation in the Latin language -- were intended by
Aristotle and his followers as an enumeration of all things capable
of being named; an enumeration by the summa genera i.e., the most
extensive classes into which things could be distributed. J. S. Mill.

2. Class; also, state, condition, or predicament; as, we are both in
the same category.
There is in modern literature a whole class of writers standing
within the same category. De Quincey.

CATEL
Cat"el, n. Etym: [See Chattel.]

Defn: Property; -- often used by Chaucer in contrast with rent, or
income.
"For loss of catel may recovered be, But loss of tyme shendeth us,"
quod he. Chaucer.

CATELECTRODE
Cat`e*lec"trode, n. Etym: [Pref. cata + elecrode.] (Physics)

Defn: The negative electrode or pole of a voltaic battery. Faraday.

CATELECTROTONIC
Cat`e*lec`tro*ton"ic, a. (Physics)

Defn: Relating to, or characterized by, catelectrotonus.

CATELECTROTONUS
Cat`e*lec*trot"o*nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Electro-) + (Physics)

Defn: The condition of increased irritability of a nerve in the
region of the cathode or negative electrode, on the passage of a
current of electricity through it.

CATENA
Ca*te"na, n.; pl. Catene. Etym: [L., a chain.]

Defn: A chain or series of things connected with each other.
I have . . . in no case sought to construct those catenæ of games,
which it seems now the fashion of commentators to link together. C.
J. Ellicott.

CATENARY; CATENARIAN
Cat"e*na*ry, Cat`e*na"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. catenarius, fr. catena a
chain. See Chain.]

Defn: Relating to a chain; like a chain; as, a catenary curve.

CATENARY
Cat"e*na*ry, n.; pl. Catenaries (. (Geol.)

Defn: The curve formed by a rope or chain of uniform density and
perfect flexibility, hanging freely between two points of suspension,
not in the same vertical line.

CATENATE
Cat"e*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Catenated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Catenating.] Etym: [L. catenatus, p. p. of catenare, fr. catena
chain. See Chain.]

Defn: To connect, in a series of links or ties; to chain. E. Darwin.

CATENATION
Cat`e*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. catenatio.]

Defn: Connection of links or union of parts, as in a chain; a regular
or connected series. See Concatenation. Sir T. Browne.

CATENULATE
Ca*ten"u*late, a. Etym: [L. catenuia, dim. of catena chain.]

1. Consisting of little links or chains.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Chainlike; -- said both or color marks and of indentations when
arranged like the links of a chain, as on shells, etc.

CATER
Ca"ter, n. Etym: [OE. catour purchaser, caterer, OF. acator, fr.
acater, F. acheter, to buy, provide, fr. LL. accaptare; L. ad +
captare to strive, to seize, intens, of capere to take, seize. Cf.
Acater, Capacious.]

Defn: A provider; a purveyor; a caterer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CATER
Ca"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Catered; p. pr. & vb. n. Catering.] Etym:
[From Cater, n.]

1. To provide food; to buy, procure, or prepare provisions.
[He] providently caters for the sparrow. Shak.

2. By extension: To supply what is needed or desired, at theatrical
or musical entertainments; -- followed by for or to.

CATER
Ca"ter, n. Etym: [F. quatre four.]

Defn: The four of cards or dice.

CATER
Ca"ter, v. t.

Defn: To cut diagonally. [Obs.] Halliwell.

CATERAN
Cat"e*ran, n. Etym: [Gael. ceatharnach. Cf. Kern Irish foot soldier.]

Defn: A Highland robber: a kind of irregular soldier. [Scot.] Sir W.
Scott.

CATER-CORNERED
Ca"ter-cor"nered, a. Etym: [Cf. Cater to cut diagonally.]

Defn: Diagonal. [Colloq.]

CATER-COUSIN
Ca"ter-cous`in, n.

Defn: A remote relation. See Quater-cousin. Shak.

CATERER
Ca"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who caters.
The little fowls in the air have God for Their provider and caterer.
Shelton.

CATERESS
Ca"ter*ess, n.

Defn: A woman who caters. Milton.

CATERPILLAR
Cat"er*pil`lar, n. Etym: [OE. catyrpel, corrupted fr. OF.
chatepelouse, or cate pelue, fr. chate, F. chatte, she-cat, fem. of
chat, L. catus + L. pilosus hairy, or F. pelu hairy, fr. L. pilus
hair. See Cat, and Pile hair.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larval state of a butterfly or any lepidopterous insect;
sometimes, but less commonly, the larval state of other insects, as
the sawflies, which are also called false caterpillars. The true
caterpillars have three pairs of true legs, and several pairs of
abdominal fleshy legs (prolegs) armed with hooks. Some are hairy,
others naked. They usually feed on leaves, fruit, and succulent
vegetables, being often very destructive, Many of them are popularly
called worms, as the cutworm, cankerworm, army worm, cotton worm,
silkworm.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Scorpiurus, with pods resembling
caterpillars. Caterpillar catcher, or Caterpillar eater (Zoöl.), a
bird belonging to the family of Shrikes, which feeds on caterpillars.
The name is also given to several other birds.
 -- Caterpillar hunter (Zoöl.), any species of beetles of the genus
Callosoma and other allied genera of the family Carabidæ which feed
habitually upon caterpillars.

CATERWAUL
Cat"er*waul, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caterwauled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Caterwauling.] Etym: [Cat + waul, wawl, to cry as a cat.]

Defn: To cry as cats in rutting time; to make a harsh, offensive
noise. Coleridge.

CATERWAUL
Cat"er*waul, n.

Defn: A caterwauling.

CATERWAULING
Cat"er*waul`ing, n.

Defn: The cry of cats; a harsh, disagreeable noise or cry like the
cry of cats. Shak.

CATERY
Ca"ter*y, n. Etym: [See Cater, n.]

Defn: The place where provisions are deposited. [Obs.]

CATES
Cates, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. Acates, and see Cater, n.]

Defn: Provisions; food; viands; especially, luxurious food;
delicacies; dainties. Shak.
Cates for which Apicius could not pay. Shurchill.
Choicest cates and the fiagon's best spilth. R. Browning.

CAT-EYED
Cat"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having eyes like a cat; hence, able to see in the dark.

CATFALL
Cat"fall`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope used in hoisting the anchor to the cathead. Totten.

CATFISH
Cat"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name given in the United States to various species of
siluroid fishes; as, the yellow cat (Amiurus natalis); the bind cat
(Gronias nigrilabrus); the mud cat (Pilodictic oilwaris), the stone
cat (Noturus flavus); the sea cat (Arius felis), etc. This name is
also sometimes applied to the wolf fish. See Bullhrad.

CATGUT
Cat"gut`, n. Etym: [Cat + gut.]

1. A cord of great toughness made from the intestines of animals,
esp. of sheep, used for strings of musical instruments, etc.

2. A sort of linen or canvas, with wide interstices.

CATHARINE WHEEL
Cath"a*rine wheel`.

Defn: See catherine wheel.

CATHARIST
Cath"a*rist, n. Etym: [LL. catharista, fr. Gr.

Defn: One aiming at or pretending to a greater purity of like than
others about him; -- applied to persons of various sects. See
Albigenses.

CAT-HARPIN
Cat"-harp`in, n.

Defn: See Cat-harping.

CAT-HARPING
Cat"-harp`ing n. (Naut.)

Defn: One of the short ropes or iron cramps used to brace in the
shrouds toward the masts so a to give freer sweep to the yards.

CATHARSIS
Ca*thar"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Cathartic.] (Med.)

Defn: A natural or artificial purgation of any passage, as of the
mouth, bowels, etc.

CATHARTIC; CATHARICAL
Ca*thar"tic, Ca*thar"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. chaste.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Cleansing the bowels; promoting evacuations by stool;
purgative.

2. Of or pertaining to the purgative principle of senna, as cathartic
acid.

CATHARTIC
Ca*thar"tic, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine that promotes alvine discharges; a purge; a
purgative of moderate activity.

Note: The cathartics are more energetic and certain in action that
the laxatives, which simply increase the tendency to alvine
evacuation; and less powerful and irritaint that the drastic purges,
which cause profuse, repeated, and watery evacuations.
 -- Ca*thar"tic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Ca*thar"tic*al*ness, n.

CATHARTIN
ca*thar"tin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The bitter, purgative principle of senna. It is a glucoside
with the properties of a weak acid; -- called also cathartic acid,
and cathartina.

CATHAY
Ca*thay", n.

Defn: China; -- an old name for the Celestial Empire, said have been
introduced by Marco Polo and to be a corruption of the Tartar name
for North China (Khitai, the country of the Khitans.)
Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay. Tennyson.

CATHEAD
Cat"head`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A projecting piece of timber or iron near the bow of vessel, to
which the anchor is hoisted and secured.

CATHEDRA
Cath"e*dra, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Chair.]

Defn: The official chair or throne of a bishop, or of any person in
high authority. Ex cathedra Etym: [L., from the chair], in the
exercise of one's office; with authority.
The Vatican Council declares that the Pope, is infallible "when he
speaks ex cathedra." Addis & Arnold's Cath. Dict.

CATHEDRAL
Ca*the"dral, n. Etym: [LL. cathedralis (sc. ecclesia): cf. F.
cathédrale. See Cathedra.]

Defn: The principal church in a diocese, so called because in it the
bishop has his official chair (Cathedra) or throne.

CATHEDRAL
Ca*the"dral, a. Etym: [LL. cathedralis: cf. F. cathédral.]

1. Pertaining to the head church of a diocese; as, a cathedral
church; cathedral service.

2. Emanating from the chair of office, as of a pope or bishop;
official; authoritative.
Now, what solemnity can be more required for the pope to make a
cathedral determination of an article! Jer. Taylor.

3. Resembling the aisles of a cathedral; as, cathedral walks. Pope.

CATHEDRALIC
Cath`e*dral"ic, a.

Defn: Cathedral. [R.]

CATHEDRATED
Cath`e*dra"ted, a. Etym: [From Cathedra.]

Defn: Relating to the chair or office of a teacher. [Obs.]

CATHERETIC
Cath`e*ret"ic, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A mild kind caustic used to reduce warts and other
excrescences. Dunglison.

CATHERINE WHEEL
Cath"er*ine wheel`. Etym: [So called from St. Catherine of
Alexandria, who is represented with a wheel, in allusion to her
martyrdom.]

1. (Geoth.Arth.)

Defn: Same as Rose window and Wheel window. Called also Catherine-
wheel window.

2. (Pyrotechny)

Defn: A revolving piece of fireworks resembling in form the window of
the same name. [Written also Catharine wheel.]

CATHETER
Cath"e*ter, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The name of various instruments for passing along mucous
canals, esp. applied to a tubular instrument to be introduced into
the bladder through the urethra to draw off the urine. Eustachian
catheter. See under Eustachian.
 -- Prostatic catheter, one adapted for passing an enlarged prostate.

CATHETERISM; CATHETERIZATION
Cath"e*ter*ism, Cath`e*ter*i*za"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: The operation of introducing a catheter.

CATHETERIZE
Cath"e*ter*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Catheterized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Catheterizing.] (Med.)

Defn: To operate on with a catheter. Dunglison.

CATHETOMETER
Cath`e*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [From Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for the accurate measurement of small differences
of height; esp. of the differences in the height of the upper
surfaces of two columns of mercury or other fluid, or of the same
column at different times. It consists of a telescopic leveling
apparatus (d), which slides up or down a perpendicular metallic
standard very finely graduated (bb). The telescope is raised or
depressed in order to sight the objects or surfaces, and the
differences in vertical height are thus shown on the graduated
standard. [Written also kathetometer.]

CATHETUS
Cath"e*tus, n.; pl. catheti. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Catheter.] (Geom.)

Defn: One line or radius falling perpendicularly on another; as, the
catheti of a right-angled triangle, that is, the two sides that
include the right angle. Barlow.

CATHODE
Cath"ode, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)

Defn: The part of a voltaic battery by which the electric current
leaves substances through which it passes, or the surface at which
the electric current passes out of the electrolyte; the negative
pole; -- opposed to anode. Faraday. Cathode ray (Phys.), a kind of
ray generated at the cathode in a vacuum tube, by the electrical
discharge.

CATHODIC
Ca*thod"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: A term applied to the centrifugal, or efferent course of the
nervous infuence. Marshall Hall.

CATHODOGRAPH; CATHODEGRAPH
Ca*thod"o*graph, n. Also Ca*thod"e*graph. [Cathode + -graph.]
(Physics)

Defn: A picture produced by the Röntgen rays; a radiograph.

CAT-HOLE
Cat"-hole`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: One of two small holes astern, above the gunroom ports, through
which hawsers may be passed.

CATHOLIC
Cath"o*lic, a. Etym: [L. catholicus, Gr. solid: cf. F. catholique.]

1. Universal or general; as, the catholic faith.
Men of other countries [came] to bear their part in so great and
catholic a war. Southey.

Note: This epithet, which is applicable to the whole Christian
church, or its faith, is claimed by Roman Catholics to belong
especially to their church, and in popular usage is so limited.

2. Not narrow-minded, partial, or bigoted; liberal; as, catholic
tastes.

3. Of or pertaining to, or affecting the Roman Catholics; as, the
Catholic emancipation act. Catholic epistles, the espistles of the
apostles which are addressed to all the faithful, and not to a
particular church; being those of James, Peter, Jude, and John.

CATHOLIC
Cath"o*lic, n.

1. A person who accepts the creeds which are received in common by
all parts of the orthodox Christian church.

2. An adherent of the Roman Catholic church; a Roman Catholic. Old
Catholic, the name assumed in 1870 by members of the Roman Catholic
church, who denied the ecumenical character of the Vatican Council,
and Rejected its decrees, esp. that concerning the infallibility of
the pope, as contrary to the ancient Catholic faith.

CATHOLICAL
Ca*thol"i*cal, a.

Defn: Catholic. [Obs.]

CATHOLICISM
Ca*thol"i*cism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. catholicisme.]

1. The state or quality of being catholic or universal; catholicity.
Jer. Taylor.

2. Liberality of sentiment; breadth of view.

3. The faith of the whole orthodox Christian church, or adherence
thereto.

4. The doctrines or faith of the Roman Catholic church, or adherence
thereto.

CATHOLICITY
Cath`o*lic"i*ty, n.

1. The state or quality of being catholic; universality.

2. Liberality of sentiments; catholicism.

3. Adherence or conformity to the system of doctrine held by all
parts of the orthodox Christian church; the doctrine so held;
orthodoxy.

4. Adherence to the doctrines of the church of Rome, or the doctrines
themselves.

CATHOLICIZE
Ca*thol"i*cize, v. t. & i.

Defn: To make or to become catholic or Roman Catholic.

CATHOLICLY
Cath"o*lic*ly, adv.

Defn: In a catholic manner; generally; universally. Sir L. Cary.

CATHOLICNESS
Cath"o*lic*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being catholic; universality; catholicity.

CATHOLICON
Ca*thol"i*con, n. Etym: [Gr. Catholic.] (Med.)

Defn: A remedy for all diseases; a panacea.

CATHOLICOS
Ca*thol"i*cos, n. Etym: [NL. See Catholic.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The spiritual head of the Armenian church, who resides at
Etchmiadzin, Russia, and has ecclesiastical jurisdiction over, and
consecrates the holy oil for, the Armenians of Russia, Turkey, and
Persia, including the Patriarchs of Constantinople, Jerusalem, and
Sis.

Note: The Patriarch of Constantinople is the civil head of the
Armenians in Turkey.

CATILINARIAN
Cat`i*li*na"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. Catilinarius.]

Defn: Pertaining to Catiline, the Roman conspirator; resembling
Catiline's conspiracy.

CATION
Cat"i*on, n. Etym: [Gr. p. pr. of (Chem.)

Defn: An electro-positive substance, which in electro-decomposition
is evolved at the cathode; -- opposed to anion. Faraday.

CATKIN
Cat"kin, n. Etym: [Cat + -kin.] (Bot.)

Defn: An ament; a species of inflorescence, consisting of a slender
axis with many unisexual apetalous flowers along its sides, as in the
willow and poplar, and (as to the staminate flowers) in the chestnut,
oak, hickory, etc.
 -- so called from its resemblance to a cat's tail. See Illust. of
Ament.

CATLIKE
Cat"like`, a.

Defn: Like a cat; stealthily; noiselessly.

CATLING
Cat"ling, n. Etym: [Cat + -ing.]

1. A little cat; a kitten. "Cat nor catling." Drummond.

2. Catgut; a catgut string. [R.] Shak.

3. (Surg.)

Defn: A double-edged, sharp-pointed dismembering knife. [Spelt also
catlin.] Crobb.

CATLINITE
Cat"lin*ite, n. Etym: [From George Catlin, an American traveler.]

Defn: A red clay from the Upper Missouri region, used by the Indians
for their pipes.

CATNIP; CATMINT
Cat"nip`, Cat"mint`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A well-know plant of the genus Nepeta (N. Cataria), somewhat
like mint, having a string scent, and sometimes used in medicine. It
is so called because cats have a peculiar fondness for it.

CATO-CATHARTIC
Cat`o-ca*thar"tic, n. Etym: [Gr. Cathartic.] (Med.)

Defn: A remedy that purges by alvine discharges.

CATONIAN
Ca*to"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Catonionus.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the stern old Roman, Cato the
Censor; severe; inflexible.

CAT O' NINE TAILS
Cat" o' nine" tails`.

Defn: See under Cat.

CATOPRON
Ca*top"ron, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Catopter.

CATOPTER; CATOPTRON
Ca*top"ter, Ca*top"tron, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A reflecting optical glass or instrument; a mirror. [Obs.]

CATOPTRIC; CATOPTRICAL
Ca*top"tric, Ca*top"tric*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Catopter.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to catoptrics; produced by reflection.
Catoptric light, a light in which the rays are concentrated by
reflectors into a beam visible at a distance.

CATOPTRICS
Ca*top"trics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. catoptrique. See Catropric.] (Physics)

Defn: That part of optics which explants the properties and phenomena
of reflected light, and particularly that which is reflected from
mirrors or polished bodies; --- formerly caled anacamptics.

CATOPTROMANCY
Ca*top"tro*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy. See Catopter.] (Antiq.)

Defn: A species of divination, which was perforned by letting down a
mirror into water, for a sick person to look at his face in it. If
his countenance appeared distorted and ghastly, it was an ill omen;
if fresh and healthy, it was favorable.

CATPIPE
Cat`pipe", n.

Defn: See Catcall.

CAT-RIGGED
Cat"-rigged`, a.

Defn: Rigged like a catboat.

CAT-SALT
Cat"-salt`, n.

Defn: A sort of salt, finely granulated, formed out of the bittern or
leach brine.

CAT'S-EYE
Cat's"-eye`, n. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of quartz or chalcedony, exhibiting opalescent
reflections from within, like the eye of a cat. The mane is given to
other gems affording like effects, esp. the chrysoberyl.

CAT'S-FOOT
Cat's`-foot, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Nepeta Glechoma) of the same genus with catnip; ground
ivy.

CAT-SILVER
Cat"-sil`ver, n.

Defn: Mica. [Archaic]

CATSKILL PERIOD
Cats"kill pe`ri*od. (Geol.)

Defn: The closing subdivision of the Devonian age in America. The
rocks of this period are well developed in the Catskill mountains,
and extend south and west under the Carboniferous formation. See the
Diagram under Geology.

CATSO
Cat"so, n.; pl. Catsos. Etym: [It. cazzo.]

Defn: A base fellow; a rogue; a cheat. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

CAT'S-PAW
Cat's"-paw`, n.

1. (Naut.)
(a) A light transitory air which ruffles the surface of the water
during a calm, or the ripples made by such a puff of air.
(b) A particular hitch or turn in the bight of a rope, into which a
tackle may be hooked.

2. A dupe; a tool; one who, or that which, is used by another as an
instrument to a accomplish his purposes.

Note: In this sense the term refers to the fable of the monkey using
the cat's paw to draw the roasting chestnuts out of the fire.

CAT'S-TAIL
Cat's"-tail, n.

Defn: See Timothy, Cat-tail, Cirrus.

CATSTICK
Cat"stick`, n.

Defn: A stick or club employed in the game of ball called cat or
tipcat. Massinger.

CATSTITCH
Cat"stitch, v. t. (Needlework)

Defn: To fold and sew down the edge of with a coarse zigzag stitch.

CATSUP
Cat"sup, n.

Defn: Same as Catchup, and Ketchup.

CAT-TAIL
Cat"-tail, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tall rush or flag (Typha latifolia) growing in marshes, with
long, glat leaves, and having its flowers in a close cylindrical
spike at the top of the stem. The leaves are frequently used for
seating chairs, making mats, etc. See Catkin.

Note: The lesser cat-tail is Typha angustifolia.

CATTISH
Cat"tish, a.

Defn: Catlike; feline Drummond.

CATTLE
Cat"tle, n. pl. Etym: [OE. calet, chatel, goods, property, OF. catel,
chatel, LL. captale, capitale, goods, property, esp. cattle, fr. L.
capitals relating to the head, chief; because in early ages beasts
constituted the chief part of a man's property. See Capital, and cf.
Chattel.]

Defn: Quadrupeds of the Bovine family; sometimes, also, including all
domestic quadrupeds, as sheep, goats, horses, mules, asses, and
swine. Belted cattle, Black cattle. See under Belted, Black.
 -- Cattle guard, a trench under a railroad track and alongside a
crossing (as of a public highway). It is intended to prevent cattle
from getting upon the track.
 -- cattle louse (Zoöl.), any species of louse infecting cattle.
There are several species. The Hæmatatopinus eurysternus and H.
vituli are common species which suck blood; Trichodectes scalaris
eats the hair.
 -- Cattle plague, the rinderpest; called also Russian cattle plague.
 -- Cattle range, or Cattle run, an open space through which cattle
may run or range. [U. S.] Bartlett.
 -- Cattle show, an exhibition of domestic animals with prizes for
the encouragement of stock breeding; -- usually accompanied with the
exhibition of other agricultural and domestic products and of
implements.

CATTY
Cat"ty, n. Etym: [Malay kati. See Caddy.]

Defn: An East Indian Weight of 11/3 pounds.

CAUCASIAN
Cau*ca"sian, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the Caucasus, a mountainous region between the
Black and Caspian seas.

2. Of or pertaining to the white races of mankind, of whom the people
about Mount Caucasus were formerly taken as the type.

CAUCASIAN
Cau*ca"sian, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of the Caucasus, esp. a Circassian or
Georgian.

2. A member of any of the white races of mankind.

CAUCUS
Cau"cus, n. Etym: [Etymology uncertain. Mr. J. H. Trumbull finds the
origin of caucus in the N. A. Indian word cawcawwassough or caú cau-
as'u one who urges or pushes on, a promoter. See citation for an
early use of the word caucus.]

Defn: A meeting, especially a preliminary meeting, of persons
belonging to a party, to nominate candidates for public office, or to
select delegates to a nominating convention, or to confer regarding
measures of party policy; a political primary meeting.
This day learned that the caucus club meets, at certain times, in the
garret of Tom Dawes, the adjutant of the Boston regiment. John
Adams's Diary [Feb. , 1763].

CAUCUS
Cau"cus, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caucused; p. pr. & vb. n. Caucusing.]

Defn: To hold, or meet in, a caucus or caucuses.

CAUDAD
Cau"dad, adv. Etym: [L. cauda tail + ad to.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Backwards; toward the tail or posterior part.

CAUDA GALLI
Cau"da gal*li, (. Etym: [L., tail of a cock.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A plume-shaped fossil, supposed to be a seaweed, characteristic
of the lower Devonian rocks; as, the cauda galli grit. Gauda galli
epoch (Geol.), an epoch at the begining of the Devonian age in
eastern America, so named from the characteristic gritty sandstone
marked with impressions of cauda galli. See the Diagram under
Geology.

CAUDAL
Cau"dal, a. Etym: [L. Cauda tail. Cf. Coward.]

Defn: Of the nature of, or pertaining to, a tail; having a tail-like
appendage.
The male widow-bird, remarkable for his caudal plumes. Darwin.
Caudal fin (Zoöl.), the terminal fin (or "tail") of a fish.

CAUDATA
Cau*da"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. cauda tail.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Urodela.

CAUDATE; CAUDATED
Cau"date, Cau"da*ted. a. Etym: [L. cauda tail.]

Defn: Having a taill; having a termination like a tail.

CAUDEX
Cau"dex, n.; pl. L. Caudices, E. Caudexes. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: The sterm of a tree., esp. a sterm without a branch, as of a
palm or a tree fern; also, the pernnial rootstock of an herbaceous
plant.

CAUDICLE; CAUDICULA
Cau"di*cle, Cau*dic"u*la, n. Etym: [Dim. of L. cauda tail,
appendage.] (Bot.)

Defn: A slender, elastic process, to which the masses of pollen in
orchidaceous plants are attached.

CAUDLE
Cau"dle, n. Etym: [OF. caudel, F. chaudeau, dim. of LL calidum a
sweet drink, fr. L. caidus warm. See Caldron.]

Defn: A kind of warm drink for sick persons, being a mixture of wine
with eggs, bread, sugar, and spices.

CAUDLE
Cau"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caudled; p. pr. & vb. n. Caudling.]

1. To make into caudle.

2. Too serve as a caudle to; to refresh. [R.] Shak.

CAUF
Cauf, n. Etym: [Perh. akin to Celtic caff, cav, cau, L. cavus hollow,
or to L. caphinus, Gr.

Defn: A chest with holes for keeping fish alive in water. Philips.

CAUFLE
Cau"fle, n.

Defn: A gung of slaves. Same as Coffle.

CAUGHT
Caught, imp. & p. p.

Defn: f Catch.

CAUK; CAUKER
Cauk, n., Cauk"er, n.

Defn: See Cawk, Calker.

CAUL
Caul, n. Etym: [OE. calle, kelle, prob. fr. F. cale; cf. Ir. calla a
veil.]

1. A covering of network for the head, worn by women; also, a net.
Spenser.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The fold of membrane loaded with fat, which covers more or less
of the intestines in mammals; the great omentum See Omentum.
The caul serves for warming of the lower belly. Ray.

3. A part of the amnion, one of the membranes enveloping the fetus,
which sometimes is round the head of a child at its birth.
It is deemed lucky to be with a caul or membrane over the face. This
caul is esteemed an infallible preservative against drowning . . .
According to Chysostom, the midwives frequently sold it for magic
uses. Grose.
I was born with a caul, which was advertised for sale, in the
newspapers, at the low price of fifteen guineas. Dickens.

CAULESCENT
Cau*les"cent, a. Etym: [L. caulis stalk, stem: cf. F. caulescent.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having a leafy stem.

CAULICLE
Cau"li*cle, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A short caulis or stem, esp. the rudimentary stem seen in the
embryo of seed; -- otherwise called a radicle.

CAULICULUS
Cau*lic"u*lus, n.; pl. Cauliculi Etym: [L. caulculus little stalk,
dim. of caulis.] (Arch.)

Defn: In the Corinthian capital, one of the eight stalks rising out
of the lower leafage and terminating in leaves which seem to suport
the volutes. See Illust. of Corinthian order, under Corinthian.

CAULIFLOWER
Cau"li*flow`er, n. Etym: [F. choufleur, modified by E. Cole. L.
caulis, and by E. flower; F. chou cabbage is fr. L. caulis stalk,
cabbage, and fleur flower is fr. L. flos flower. See Cole, and
Flower.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An annual variety of Brassica oleracea, or cabbage of which the
cluster of young flower stalks and buds is eaten as a vegetable.

2. The edible head or "curd" of a caulifower plant.

CAULIFORM
Cau"li*form, a. Etym: [L. caulis + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of a caulis.

CAULINE
Cau"line, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing immediately on a caulis; of or pertaining to a caulis.

CAULIS
Cau"lis, n.; L. pl. Caules. Etym: [L., a stem.] (Bot.)

Defn: An herbaceous or woody stem which bears leaves, and may bear
flowers.

CAULK
Caulk, v. t. & n.

Defn: See Calk.

CAULOCARPOUS
Cau`lo*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having stems which bear flowers and fruit year after year, as
most trees and shrubs.

CAULOME
Cau"lome, n. [Gr. kalo`s stem + -ome as in rhizome.] (Bot.)

Defn: A stem structure or stem axis of a plant, viewed as a whole. --
Cau*lom"ic (#), a.

CAUMA
Cau"ma, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Great heat, as of the body in fever.

CAUPONIZE
Cau"po*nize, v. i. Etym: [L. cauponari, fr. caupo huckster,
innkeeper.]

Defn: To sell wine or victuals. [Obs.] Warburfon.

CAUSABLE
Caus"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being caused.

CAUSAL
Caus"al, a. Etym: [L. causalis. See Cause.]

Defn: Relating to a cause or causes; inplying or containing a cause
or causes; expressing a cause; causative.
Causal propositions are where two propositions are joined by causal
words. Watts.

CAUSAL
Caus"al, n.

Defn: A causal word or form of speech.
Anglo-Saxon drencan to drench, causal of Anglo-Saxon drincan to
drink. Skeat.

CAUSALITY
Cau*sal"i*ty, n.; pl. Causalities (.

1. The agency of a cause; the action or power of a cause, in
producing its effect.
The causality of the divine mind. Whewell.

2. (Phren.)

Defn: The faculty of tracing effects to their causes. G. Combe.

CAUSALLY
Caus"al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to the order or series of causes; by tracing effects
to causes.

CAUSALLY
Caus"al*ly, n. (Mining.)

Defn: The lighter, earthy parts of ore, carried off washing.

CAUSATION
Cau*sa"tion, n.

Defn: The act of causing; also the act or agency by which an effect
is produced.
The kind of causation by which vision is produced. Whewell.
Law of universal causation, the theoretical or asserted law that
every event or phenomenon results from, or is the sequel of, some
previous event or phenomenon, which being present, the other is
certain to take place.

CAUSATIONIST
Cau*sa"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in the law of universal causation.

CAUSATIVE
Caus"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. causativus pertaining to a lawsuit (causa),
but in the English sense from E. cause.]

1. Effective, as a cause or agent; causing.
Causative in nature of a number of effects. Bacon.

2. Expressing a cause or reason; causal; as, the ablative is a
causative case.

CAUSATIVE
Caus"a*tive, n.

Defn: A word which expresses or suggests a cause.

CAUSATIVELY
Caus"a*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a causative manner.

CAUSATOR
Cau*sa"tor, n. Etym: [See Cause.]

Defn: One who causes. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

CAUSE
Cause, n. Etym: [F. cause, fr. L. causa. Cf. Cause, v., Kickshaw.]

1. That which produces or effects a result; that from which anything
proceeds, and without which it would not exist.
Cause is substance exerting its power into act, to make one thing
begin to be. Locke.

2. That which is the occasion of an action or state; ground; reason;
motive; as, cause for rejoicing.

3. Sake; interest; advantage. [Obs.]
I did it not for his cause. 2 Cor. vii. 12.

4. (Law)

Defn: A suit or action in court; any legal process by which a party
endeavors to obtain his claim, or what he regards as his right; case;
ground of action.

5. Any subject of discussion or debate; matter; question; affair in
general.
What counsel give you in this weighty cause! Shak.

6. The side of a question, which is espoused, advocated, and upheld
by a person or party; a principle which is advocated; that which a
person or party seeks to attain.
God befriend us, as our cause is just. Shak.
The part they take against me is from zeal to the cause. Burke.
Efficient cause, the agent or force that produces a change or redult.
 -- Final cause, the end, design, or object, for which anything is
done.
 -- Formal cause, the elements of a conception which make the
conception or the thing conceived to be what it is; or the idea
viewed as a formative principle and coöperating with the matter.
 -- Material cause, that of which anything is made.
 -- Proximate cause. See under Proximate.
 -- To make common cause with, to join with in purposes and aims.
Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Origin; source; mainspring; motive; reason; incitement;
inducement; purpose; object; suit; action.

CAUSE
Cause, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caused; p. pr. & v. n. Causing.] Etym: [F.
causer, fr. cause, fr. L. causa. See Cause, n., and cf. Acouse.]

Defn: To effect as an agent; to produce; to be the occasion of; to
bring about; to bring into existence; to make; -- usually followed by
an infinitive, sometimes by that with a finite verb.
I will cause it to rain upon the earth forty days. Gen. vii. 4.
Cause that it be read also in the church of the Laodiceans. Col. iv.
16.

Syn.
 -- To create; produce; beget; effect; occasion; originate; induce;
bring about.

CAUSE
Cause, v. i.

Defn: To assign or show cause; to give a reason; to make excuse.
[Obs.] Spenser.

CAUSE
Cause, conj.

Defn: Abbreviation of Because. B. Jonson.

CAUSEFUL
Cause"ful, n.

Defn: Having a cause. [Obs.]

CAUSELESS
Cause"less, a.

Defn: 1. Self-originating; uncreated.

2. Without just or sufficient reason; groundless.
My fears are causeless and ungrounded. Denham.

CAUSELESS
Cause"less, adv.

Defn: Without cause or reason.

CAUSELESSNESS
Cause"less*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being causeless.

CAUSER
Caus"er, n.

Defn: One who or that which causes.

CAUSERIE
Cause`rie", n. [F., fr. causer to chat.]

Defn: Informal talk or discussion, as about literary matters; light
conversation; chat.

CAUSEUSE
Cau`seuse", n. Etym: [F., fr. causer to talk.]

Defn: A kind of sofa for two person. A tête-a-tête.

CAUSEWAY; CAUSEY
Cause"way, Cau"sey, n. Etym: [OE. cauci, cauchie, OF. cauchie, F.
chaussée, from LL. (via) calciata, fr calciare to make a road, either
fr. L. calx lime, hence, to pave with limestone (cf. E. chalk), or
from L. calceus shoe, from calx heel, hence, to shoe, pave, or wear
by treading.]

Defn: A way or road rasid above the natural level of the ground,
serving as a dry passage over wet or marshy ground.
But that broad causeway will direct your way. Dryden.
The other way Satan went down The causey to Hell-gate. Milton.

CAUSEWAYED; CAUSEYED
Cause"wayed, Cau"seyed. a.

Defn: Having a raised way (causeway or causey); paved. Sir W. Scott.
C. Bronté.

CAUSIDICAL
Cau*sid"i*cal, a. Etym: [L. causidicakis; causa a cause in law +
dicare to say.]

Defn: Pertaining to an advocate, or to the maintenance and defense of
suits.

CAUSTIC; CAUSTICAL
Caus"tic, Caus"tic*al, a. Etym: [L. caustucs, Ge. Calm, Ink.]

1. Capable of destroying the texture of anything or eating away its
substance by chemical action; burning; corrosive; searing.

2. Severe; satirical; sharp; as, a caustic remark. Caustic curve
(Optics), a curve to which the ray of light, reflected or refracted
by another curve, are tangents, the reflecting or refracting curve
and the luminous point being in one plane.
 -- Caustic lime. See under Lime.
 -- Caustic potash, Caustic soda (Chem.), the solid hydroxides
potash, KOH, and soda, NaOH, or solutions of the same.
 -- Caustic silver, nitrate of silver, lunar caustic.
 -- Caustic surface (Optics), a surface to which rays reflected or
refracted by another surface are tangents. Caustic curves and
surfaces are called catacaustic when formed by reflection, and
diacaustic when formed by refraction.

Syn.
 -- Stinging; cutting; pungent; searching.

CAUSTIC
Cau"stic, n. Etym: [L. causticum (sc. medicamentum). See Caustic, a.]

1. Any substance or means which, applied to animal or other organic
tissue, burns, corrodes, or destroys it by chemical action; an
escharotic.

2. (Optics)

Defn: A caustic curve or caustic surface.

CAUSTICALLY
Caus"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a caustic manner.

CAUSTICILY
Caus*tic"i*ly, n.

1. The quality of being caustic; corrosiveness; as, the causticity of
potash.

2. Severity of language; sarcasm; as, the causticity of a reply or
remark.

CAUSTICNESS
Caus"tic*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being caustic; causticity.

CAUTEL
Cau"tel, n. Etym: [F. cautèle, L. cautela, fr. cavere to be on one's
guard, to take care.]

1. Caution; prudence; wariness. [Obs.] Fulke.

2. Craft; deceit; falseness. [Obs.] Shak.

CAUTELOUS
Cau"te*lous, a. Etym: [F. cauteleux, LL. cautelosus. See Cautel.]

1. Caution; prudent; wary. [Obs.] "Cautelous, though young." Drayton.

2. Crafty; deceitful; false. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- Cau"te*lous*ly, adv.
 -- Cau"te*lous*ness, n. [Obs.]

CAUTER
Cau"ter, n. Etym: [F. cautère, L. cauterium, fr. Gr. Caustic,
Cautery.]

Defn: A hot iron for searing or cauterizing. Minsheu.

CAUTERANT
Cau"ter*ant, n.

Defn: A cauterizing substance.

CAUTERISM
Cau"ter*ism, n.

Defn: The use or application of a caustic; cautery. Ferrand.

CAUTERIZATION
Cau`ter*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cautèrisation.] (Med.)

Defn: The act of searing some morbid part by the application of a
cautery or caustic; also, the effect of such application.

CAUTERIZE
Cau"ter*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cauterized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cauterizing.] Etym: [L. cauterizare, Gr. cautérised.. See cauter.]

1. To burn or sear with a cautery or caustic. Dunglison.

2. To sear, as the conscience. Jer. Taylor.

CAUTERY
Cau"ter*y, n.; pl. Cauteries. Etym: [L. cauterium, Gr. Cauter.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A burning or searing, as of morbid flesh, with a hot iron, or
by application of a caustic that will burn, corrode, or destroy
animal tissue.

2. The iron of other agent in cauterizing. Actual cautery, a
substance or agent (as a hot iron) which cauterizes or sears by
actual heat; or the burning so effected.
 -- Potential cautery, a substance which cauterizes by chemical
action; as, lunar caustic; also, the cauterizing produced by such
substance.

CAUTION
Cau"tion, n. Etym: [F. caution a security, L. cautio, fr. cavere (For
scavere) to be on one's guard, to take care (orig.) to be on the
watch, see; akin to E. show.]

1. A careful attention to the probable effects of an act, in order
that failure or harm may be avoided; prudence in regard to danger;
provident care; wariness.

2. Security; guaranty; bail. [R.]
The Parliament would yet give his majesty sufficient caution that the
war should be prosecuted. Clarendon.

3. Precept or warning against evil of any kind; exhortation to
wariness; advice; injunction.
In way of caution I must tell you. Shak.
Caution money, money deposited by way of security or guaranty, as by
a student at an English university.

Syn.
 -- Care; forethought; forecast; heed; prudence; watchfulness;
vigilance; circumspection; anxiety; providence; counsel; advice;
warning; admonition.

CAUTION
Cau"tion v. t. [imp & p. p. Cautioned; p. pr. & vb. n. Cautioning.]

Defn: To give notice of danger to; to warn; to exhort [one] to take
heed.
You cautioned me against their charms. Swift.

CAUTIONARY
Cau"tion*a*ry, a.

1. Conveying a caution, or warning to avoid danger; as, cautionary
signals.

2. Given as a pledge or as security.
He hated Barnevelt, for his getting the cautionary towns out of his
hands. Bp. Burnet.

3. Wary; cautious. [Obs.] Bacon.

CAUTIONARY BLOCK
Cau"tion*a*ry block. (Railroads)

Defn: A block in which two or more trains are permitted to travel,
under restrictions imposed by a caution card or the like.

CAUTIONER
Cau"tion*er, n.

1. One who cautions or advises.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: A surety or sponsor.

CAUTIONRY
Cau"tion*ry, n. (Scots Law)

Defn: Suretyship.

CAUTIOUS
Cau"tious, a. Etym: [Cf. L. cautus, fr. caver. See Caution.]

Defn: Attentive to examine probable effects and consequences of acts
with a view to avoid danger or misfortune; prudent; circumspect;
wary; watchful; as, a cautious general.
Cautious feeling for another's pain. Byron.
Be swift to hear; but cautious of your tongue. Watts.

Syn.
 -- Wary; watchful; vigilant; prudent; circumspect; discreet;
heedful; thoughtful; scrupulous; anxious; careful.
 -- Cautious, Wary, Circumspect. A man is cautious who realizes the
constant possibility of danger; one may be wary, and yet bold and
active; a man who is circumspect habitually examines things on every
side in order to weigh and deliberate. It is necessary to be cautious
at all times; to be wary in cases of extraordinary danger; to be
circumspect in matters of peculiar delicacy and difficulty.

CAUTIOUSLY
Cau"tious*ly, adv.

Defn: In a cautious manner.

CAUTIOUSNESS
Cau"tious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being cautious.

CAVALCADE
Cav"al*cade`, n. Etym: [F. cavalcade, fr. It. cavalcata, fr.
cavalcare to go on horseback, fr. LL. caballicare, fr. L. caballus an
inferior horse, Gr. Cavalier, Cavalry.]

Defn: A procession of persons on horseback; a formal, pompous march
of horsemen by way of parade.
He brought back war-worn cavalcade to the city. Prescott.

CAVALERO; CAVALIERO
Cav`a*le"ro, Cav`a*lie"ro, n. Etym: [Sp. caballero. See Cavalier.]

Defn: A cavalier; a gallant; a libertine. Shak.

CAVALIER
Cav`a*lier", n. Etym: [F. cavalier, It. cavaliere, LL. caballarius,
fr. L. caballus. See Cavalcade, and cf. Cavallier, Caballine.]

1. A military man serving on horseback; a knight.

2. A gay, sprightly, military man; hence, a gallant.

3. One of the court party in the time of king Charles L. as
contrasted with a Roundhead or an adherent of Parliament. Clarendon.

4. (Fort.)

Defn: A work of more that ordinary heigh, rising from the level
ground of a bastion, etc., and overlooking surrounding parts.

CAVALIER
Cav`a*lier", a.

Defn: Gay; easy; offhand; frank.
The plodding, persevering scupulous accuracy of the one, and the
easy, cavalier, verbal fluency of the other, from a complete
contrast. Hazlitt.

2. High-spirited. [Obs.] "The people are naturally not valiant, and
not much cavalier." Suckling.

3. Supercilious; haughty; disdainful; curt; brusque.

4. Of or pertaining to the party of King Charles I. "An old Cavalier
family." Beaconsfleld.

CAVALIERISH
Cav`a*lier"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat like a cavalier.

CAVALIERISM
Cav`a*lier"ism, n.

Defn: The practice or principles of cavaliers. Sir. W. Scott.

CAVALIERLY
Cav`a*lier"ly, adv.

Defn: In a supercilious, disdainful, or haughty manner; arroganty.
Junius.

CAVALIERNESS
Cav`a*lier"ness, n.

Defn: A disdanful manner.

CAVALLY
Ca*val"ly, n. Etym: [Cf. Pg. cavalla a kind of fish; Sp. caballa;
prob. fr. Pg. cavallo horse, Sp. caballa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carangoid fish of the Atlantic coast (Caranx hippos): --
called also horse crevallé.

Note: [See Illust. under Carangoid.]

CAVALRY
Cav"al*ry, n. Etym: [F. cavalerie, fr. It. cavalleria. See Cavalier,
and cf. chivalry.] (Mil.)

Defn: That part of military force which serves on horseback.

Note: Heavy cavalry and light cavalry are so distinguished by the
character of their armament, and by the size of the men and horses.

CAVALRYMAN
Cav"al*ry*man, n.; pl. Cavalrymen (.

Defn: One of a body of cavalry.

CAVATINA
Ca`va*ti"na, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Originally, a melody of simpler form than the aria; a song
without a second part and a da capo; -- a term now variously and
vaguely used.

CAVE
Cave, n. Etym: [F. cave, L. cavus hollow, whence cavea cavity. Cf.
Cage.]

1. A hollow place in the earth, either natural or artificial; a
subterraneous cavity; a cavern; a den.

2. Any hollow place, or part; a cavity. [Obs.] "The cave of the ear."
Bacon. Cave bear (Zoöl.), a very large fossil bear (Ursus spelæus)
similar to the grizzly bear, but large; common in European caves.
 -- Cave dweller, a savage of prehistoric times whose dwelling place
was a cave. Tylor.
 -- Cave hyena (Zoöl.), a fossil hyena found abundanty in British
caves, now usually regarded as a large variety of the living African
spotted hyena.
 -- Cave lion (Zoöl.), a fossil lion found in the caves of Europe,
believed to be a large variety of the African lion.
 -- Bone cave. See under Bone.

CAVE
Cave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caved; p. pr. & vb. n. Caving.] Etym: [Cf.
F. caver. See Cave, n.]

Defn: To make hollow; to scoop out. [Obs.]
The mouldred earth cav'd the banke. Spenser.

CAVE
Cave, v. i.

1. To dwell in a cave. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Etym: [See To cave in, below.]

Defn: To fall in or down; as, the sand bank caved. Hence (Slang), to
retreat from a position; to give way; to yield in a disputed matter.
To cave in. Etym: [Flem. inkalven.] (a) To fall in and leave a
hollow, as earth on the side of a well or pit. (b) To submit; to
yield. [Slang] H. Kingsley.

CAVEAT
Ca"ve*at, n. Etym: [L. caved let him beware, pres. subj. of cavere to
be on one's guard to, beware.]

1. (Law)

Defn: A notice given by an interested party to some officer not to do
a certain act until the party is heard in opposition; as, a caveat
entered in a probate court to stop the proving of a will or the
taking out of letters of administration, etc. Bouvier.

2. (U. S. Patent Laws)

Defn: A description of some invention, designed to be patented,
lodged in the patent office before the patent right is applied for,
and operating as a bar to the issue of letters patent to any other
person, respecting the same invention.

Note: A caveat is operative for one year only, but may be renewed.

3. Intimation of caution; warning; protest.
We think it right to enter our caveat against a conclusion. Jeffrey.
Caveat emptor Etym: [L.] (Law), let the purchaser beware, i. e., let
him examine the article he is buying, and act on his own judgment.

CAVEATING
Ca"ve*a`ting, n. (Fencing)

Defn: Shifting the sword from one side of an adversary's sword to the
other.

CAVEATOR
Ca"ve*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who enters a caveat.

CAVENDISH
Cav"en*dish, n.

Defn: Leaf tobacco softened, sweetened, and pressed into plugs or
cakes. Cut cavendish, the plugs cut into long shreds for smoking.

CAVERN
Cav"ern, n. Etym: [L. caverna, fr. cavus hollow: cf. F. caverne.]

Defn: A large, deep, hollow place in the earth; a large cave.

CAVERNED
Cav"erned, a.

1. Containing caverns.
The wolves yelled on the caverned hill. Byron.

2. Living in a cavern. "Caverned hermit." Pope.

CAVERNOUS
Cav"ern*ous, a. Etym: [L. cavernosus: cf. F. caverneux.]

1. Full of caverns; resembling a cavern or large cavity; hollow.

2. Filled with small cavities or cells.

3. Having a sound caused by a cavity. Cavernous body, a body of
erectile tissue with large interspaces which may be distended with
blood, as in the penis or clitoris.
 -- Cavernous respiration, a peculiar respiratory sound andible on
auscultation, when the bronchial tubes communicate with morbid
cavities in the lungs.

CAVERNULOUS
Ca*ver"nu*lous, a.Etym: [L. cavernula, dim. of caverna cavern.]

Defn: Full of little cavities; as, cavernulous metal. Black.

CAVESSON; CAVEZON
Cav"es*son, Cav"e*zon, n. Etym: [F. caveçon, augm. fr. LL. capitium a
head covering hood, fr. L. caput head. Cf. Caberzon.] (Man.)

Defn: A kind of noseband used in breaking and training horses.
[Written also caveson, causson.] White.

CAVETTO
Ca*vet"to, n. Etym: [It. cavetto, fr. cavo hollow, L. cavus.] (Arch.)

Defn: A concave molding; -- used chiefly in classical architecture.
See Illust. of Calumn.

CAVIARE; CAVIAR
Ca*viare", Cav"i*ar, n. Etym: [F. caviar, fr. It. caviale, fr. Turk.
Havi\'ber.]

Defn: The roes of the sturgeon, prepared and salted; -- used as a
relish, esp. in Russia.

Note: Caviare was considered a delicacy, by some, in Shakespeare's
time, but was not relished by most. Hence Hamlet says of a certain
play. "'T was caviare to the general," i. e., above the taste of the
common people.

CAVICORN
Cav"i*corn, a. Etym: [L. cavus hollow + cornu horn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having hollow horns.

CAVICORNIA
Cav`i*cor"ni*a, n.; pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of ruminants whose horns are hollow, and planted on a
bony process of the front, as the ox.

CAVIL
Cav"il, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caviled or Cavilled (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Caviling or Cavilling.] Etym: [L. cavillari to practice jesting, to
censure, fr. cavilla bantering jests, sophistry: cf. OF. caviller.]

Defn: To raise captious and frivolous objections; to find fault
without good reason.
You do not well in obstinacy To cavil in the course of this contract.
Shak.

CAVIL
Cav"il, v. t.

Defn: To cavil at. [Obs.] Milton.

CAVIL
Cav"il, n.

Defn: A captious or frivolous objection.
All the cavils of prejudice and unbelief. Shak.

CAVIL; CAVILER; CAVILLER
Cav"il or Cav"il*er, n.

Defn: One who cavils.
Cavilers at the style of the Scriptures. Boyle.

CAVILING
Cav"il*ing, a.

Defn: Disposed to cavil; finding fault without good reason. See
Captious.
His depreciatory and caviling criticism. Lewis.

CAVILINGLY
Cav"il*ing*ly, adb.

Defn: In a caviling manner.

CAVILLATION
Cav`il*la"tion, n.Etym: [F. cavillation, L. cavillatio.]

Defn: Frivolous or sophistical objection. [Obs.] Hooker.

CAVILOUS; CAVILLOUS
Cav"il*ous or Cav"il*lous, a. Etym: [L. cavillosus.]

Defn: Characterized by caviling, or disposed to cavil; quibbing. [R.]
-- Cav"il*ous*ly, adv. [R.] -- Cav"il*ous*ness, n. [R.]

CAVIN
Cav"in, n. Etym: [F. See Cave.] (Mil.)

Defn: A hollow way, adapted to cover troops, and facilitate their
aproach to a place. Farrow.

CAVITARY
Cav"i*ta*ry, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Containing a body cavity; as, the cavitary or nematoid worms.

CAVITY
Cav"i*ty, n.; pl. Cavities. Etym: [L. cavus hollow: cf. F. cavité.]

1. Hollowness. [Obs.]
The cavity or hollowness of the place. Goodwin.

2. A hollow place; a hollow; as, the abdominal cavity.
An instrument with a small cavity, like a small spoon. Arbuthot.
Abnormal spaces or excavations are frequently formed in the lungs,
which are designated cavities or vomicæ. Quain.
Body cavity, the coelum. See under Body.

CAVO-RELIEVO
Ca"vo-re*lie"vo, n.

Defn: Cavo-rilievo.

CAVO-RILIEVO
Ca"vo-ri*lie"vo, n. Etym: [It.] (Sculp.)

Defn: Hollow relief; sculpture in relief within a sinking made for
the purpose, so no part of it projects beyond the plain surface
around.

CAVORT
Ca*vort", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cavorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Cavorting.]

Defn: To prance ostentatiously; -- said of a horse or his rider.
[Local slang U. S.]

CAVY
Ca"vy, n.; pl. Cavies (. Etym: [NL. cavia, fr. Brazilian cabiai: cf.
F. cabiai.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rodent of the genera cavia and Dolichotis, as the guinea pig
(Cavia cabaya). Cavies are natives of South America. Water cavy
(Zoöl.), The capybara.

CAW
Caw, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cawed; p. pr. & vb. n. Cawing.] Etym:
[Imitative. *22 Cf. Chough.]

Defn: To cry like a crow, rook, or raven.
Rising and cawing at the gun's report. Shak.

CAW
Caw, n.

Defn: The cry made by the crow, rook, or raven.

CAWK
Cawk, n. Etym: [Prov. E. cauk limestone. A doublet of chalk.] (Min.)

Defn: An opaque, compact variety of barite, or heavy spar. [Also
written cauk.]

CAWKER
Cawk"er, n.

Defn: See Calker.

CAWKY
Cawk"y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to cawk; like cawk.

CAXON
Cax"on, n.

Defn: A kind of wig. [Obs.] Lamb.

CAXTON
Cax"ton, n. (Bibliog.)

Defn: Any book printed by William Caxton, the first English printer.
Hansard.

CAY
Cay, n.

Defn: See Key, a ledge.

CAYENNE
Cay*enne, n. Etym: [From Cayenne, a town and island in French Guiana,
South America.]

Defn: Cayenne pepper. Cayenne pepper. (a) (Bot.) A species of
capsicum (C. frutescens) with small and intensely pungent fruit. (b)
A very pungent spice made by drying and grinding the fruits or seeds
of several species of the genus Capsicum, esp. C. annuum and C.
Frutescens; -- Called also red pepper. It is used chiefly as a
condiment.

CAYMAN
Cay"man, n. Etym: [From the language of Guiana: cf. Sp. caiman.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The south America alligator. See Alligator. [Sometimes written
caiman.]

CAYO
Ca"yo, n.; pl. -yos (#). [Sp.]

Defn: A small island or ledge of rock in the water; a key. [Sp. Am.]

CAYUGAS
Ca*yu"gas, n. pl.

Defn: ; sing Cayuga. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians formerly inbabiting
western New-York, forming part of the confederacy called the Five
Nations.

CAYUSE
Cay*use", n.

Defn: An Indian pony. [Northw. U. S.]

CAZIQUE; CAZIC
Ca*zique", Cazic", n. Etym: [Sp. Cacique, fr. the language of Hayti.]

Defn: A chief or petty king among some tribes of Indians in America.

CC IRA
Ça" i*ra". [F. ça ira, ça ira, les aristocrates à la lanterne, it
shall go on, it shall go on, [hang]the arictocrats to the lantern
(lamp-post).]

Defn: The refrain of a famous song of the French Revolution.

CEASE
Cease, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ceased; p. pr. & vb. n. Ceasing.] Etym:
[OE. cessen, cesen, F. cesser, fr. L. cessare, v. intemsive fr.
cedere to withdraw. See Cede , and cf. Cessation.]

1. To come to an end; to stop; to leave off or give over; to desist;
as, the noise ceased "To cease from strife." Prov. xx. 3.

2. To be wanting; to fail; to pass away.
The poor shall never cease out of the land. Deut. xv. 11.

Syn.
 -- To intermit; desist; stop; abstain; quit; discontinue; refrain;
leave off; pause; end.

CEASE
Cease, v. t.

Defn: To put a stop to; to bring to an end.
But he, her fears to cease Sent down the meek-eyed peace. Milton.
Cease, then, this impious rage. Milton

CEASE
Cease, n.

Defn: Extinction. [Obs.] Shak.

CEASELESS
Cease"less, a.

Defn: Without pause or end; incessant.

CEASELESS
Cease"less, adv.

Defn: Without intermission or end.

CECIDOMYIA
Cec`i*do*my"i*a, n. Etym: [Nl., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small dipterous files, including several very
injurious species, as the Hessian fly. See Hessian fly.

CECITY
Ce"ci*ty, n. Etym: [L. caecitas, fr. caecus blind: cf. F. cécité.]

Defn: Blindness. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

CECUTIENCY
Ce*cu"tien*cy, n. Etym: [L. caecutire to be blind, fr. caecus blind.]

Defn: Partial blindness, or a tendency to blindness. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.

CEDAR
Ce"dar, n. Etym: [AS. ceder, fr. L. cedrus, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several evergreen trees. The wood is remarkable for
its durability and fragrant odor.

Note: The cedar of Lebanon is the Cedrus Libani; the white cedar
(Cupressus thyoides) is now called Chamoecyparis sphæroidea; American
red cedar is the Juniperus Virginiana; Spanish cedar, the West Indian
Cedrela odorata. Many other trees with odoriferous wood are locally
called cedar. Cedar bird (Zoöl.), a species of chatterer (Ampelis
cedrarum), so named from its frequenting cedar trees; -- called also
cherry bird, Canada robin, and American waxwing.

CEDAR
Ce"dar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to cedar.

CEDARED
Ce"dared, a.

Defn: Covered, or furnished with, cedars.

CEDARN
Ce"darn, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the cedar or its wood. [R.]

CEDE
Cede, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ceded; p. pr. & vb. n. Ceding.] Etym: [L.
cedere to withdraw, yield; akin to cadere to fall, and to E. chance;
cf. F. céder.]

Defn: To yield or surrender; to give up; to resign; as, to cede a
fortress, a province, or country, to another nation, by treaty.
The people must cede to the government some of their natural rights.
Jay.

CEDILLA
Ce*dil"la, n. Etym: [Sp. cedilla, cf. F. cédille; dim. of zeta, the
Gr. name of the letter z, because this letter was formerly written
after the c, to give it the sound of s.]

Defn: A mark placed under the letter c [thus, ç], to show that it is
to be sounded like s, as in façade.

CEDRAT
Ce"drat, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cédrat. See Cedar.] (Bot.)

Defn: Properly the citron, a variety of Citrus medica, with large
fruits, not acid, and having a high perfume.

CEDRENE
Ce"drene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A rich aromatic oil, C15H24, extracted from oil of red cedar,
and regarded as a polymeric terpene; also any one of a class of
similar substances, as the essential oils of cloves, cubebs, juniper,
etc., of which cedrene proper is the type. [Written also cedren.]

CEDRINE
Ce"drine, a. Etym: [L. cedrinus, Gr. Cedar.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to cedar or the cedar tree.

CEDRIRET
Ce"dri*ret, n.

Defn: Same as Coerulignone.

CEDRY
Ce"dry, a.

Defn: Of the nature of cedar. [R.]

CEDULE
Ced"ule, n. Etym: [F. cédule, fr. L. shedula. See Shedule.]

Defn: A scroll; a writing; a schedule. [Obs.]

CEDUOUS
Ced"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. caeduus, fr. caedere to cut down.]

Defn: Fit to be felled. [Obs.] Eyelyn.

CEIL
Ceil, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ceiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Ceiling.] Etym:
[From an older noun, fr. F. ciel heaven, canopy, fr. L. carlum
heaven, vault, arch, covering; cf. Gr.

1. To overlay or cover the inner side of the roof of; to furnish with
a ceiling; as, to ceil a room.
The greater house he ceiled with fir tree. 2 Chron. iii. 5

2. To line or finish a surface, as of a wall, with plaster, stucco,
thin boards, or the like.

CEILING
Ceil"ing, n. Etym: [See Cell, v. t.]

1. (Arch.)
(a) The inside lining of a room overhead; the under side of the floor
above; the upper surface opposite to the floor.
(b) The lining or finishing of any wall or other surface, with
plaster, thin boards, etc.; also, the work when done.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The inner planking of a vessel. Camp ceiling. See under Camp.
 -- Ceiling boards, Thin narrow boards used to ceil with.

CEINT
Ceint, n. Etym: [See Cincture.]

Defn: A girdle. [Obs.]

CEINTURE
Cein`ture", n. [F.]

Defn: A cincture, girdle, or belt; -- chiefly used in English as a
dressmaking term.

CELADON
Cel"a*don, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A pale sea-green color; also, porcelain or fine pottery of this
tint.

CELANDINE; CALANDINE
Cel"an*dine, Cal"an*dine, n. Etym: [OE. celidoine, OF. celidoine, F.
chélidoine, fr. L. chelidonia (sc. herba), fr. chelidonius pertaining
to the swallow, Gr. hirundo a swallow.] (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial herbaceous plant (Chelidonium majus) of the poppy
family, with yellow flowers. It is used as a medicine in jandice,
etc., and its acrid saffron-colored juice is used to cure warts and
the itch; -- called also greater celandine and swallowwort. Lasser
celandine, the pilewort (Ranunculus Ficaria).

CELATURE
Cel"a*ture, n. Etym: [L. caelatura, fr. caelare to engrave in
relief.]

1. The act or art of engraving or embossing.

2. That which is engraved. [Obs.] Hakewill.

CELEBRANT
Cel"e*brant, n. Etym: [L. celebrans, p. pr. of celebrare. See
Celebrate.]

Defn: One who performs a public religious rite; -- applied
particularly to an officiating priest in the Roman Catholic Church,
as distinguished from his assistants.

CELEBRATE
Cel"e*brate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Celebrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Celebrating.] Etym: [L. celebratus, p. p. of celebrare to frequent,
to celebrate, fr. celeber famous.]

1. To extol or honor in a solemn manner; as, to celebrate the name of
the Most High.

2. To honor by solemn rites, by ceremonies of joy and respect, or by
refraining from ordinary business; to observe duly; to keep; as, to
celebrate a birthday.
Fron even unto shall ye celebrate your Sabbath. Lev. xxiii. 32.

3. To perforn or participate in, as a sacrament or solemn rite; to
solemnize; to perform with appropriate rites; as, to celebrate a
marriage.

Syn.
 -- To commemorate; distinguish; honor.
 -- To Celebrate, Commemorate. We commemorate events which we desire
to keep in remembrance, when we recall them by some special
observace; as, to commemorate the death of our Savior. We celebrate
by demonstrations of joy or solemnity or by appropriate ceremonies;
as, to celebrate the birthday of our Independence.
We are called upon to commemorate a revolution as surprising in its
manner as happy in its consequences. Atterbury.
Earth, water, air, and fire, with feeling glee, Exult to celebrate
thy festival. Thomson.

CELEBRATED
Cel"e*bra`ted, a.

Defn: Having celebrity; distinguished; renowned.
Celebrated for the politeness of his manners. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Distinguished; famous; noted; famed; renowned; illustrious. See
Distinguished.

CELEBRATION
Cel`e*bra"tion, n. Etym: [L. celebratio.]

Defn: The act, process, or time of celebrating.
His memory deserving a particular celebration. Clarendok.
Celebration of Mass is equivalent to offering Mass Cath. Dict.
To hasten the celebration of their marriage. Sir P. Sidney.

CELEBRATOR
Cel"e*bra`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who celebrates; a praiser. Boyle.

CELEBRIOUS
Ce*le"bri*ous, a.

Defn: Famous. [Obs.] Speed.

CELEBRITY
Ce*leb"ri*ty, n.; pl. Celebriries. Etym: [L. celebritas: cf. F.
célébrité.]

1. Celebration; solemnization. [Obs.]
The celebrity of the marriage. Bacon.

2. The state or condition of being celebrated; fame; renown; as, the
celebrity of Washington.
An event of great celebrity in the history of astronomy. Whewell.

3. A person of distinction or renown; -- usually in the plural; as,
he is one of the celebrities of the place.

CELERIAC
Ce*le"ri*ac, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Turnip-rooted celery, a from of celery with a large globular
root, which is used for food.

CELERITY
Ce*ler"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. celeritas, from celer swiftm speedy: sf. F.
célérité.]

Defn: Rapidity of motion; quickness; swiftness.
Time, with all its celerity, moves slowly to him whose whole
employment is to watch its flight. Johnson.

CELERY
Cel"er*y, n. Etym: [F. céleri, cf. Prov. It. seleno, seler; fr. Gr.
celery. Cf. Parsley.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the Parsley family (Apium graveolens), of which the
blanched leafstalks are used as a salad.

CELESTIAL
Ce*les"tial, a. Etym: [OF. celestial, celestied, fr. L. caelestic,
fr. caelum heaved. See Cell.]

1. Belonging to the aërial regions, or visible heavens. "The twelve
celestial signs." Shak.

2. Of or pertaining to the spiritual heaven; heavenly; divine.
"Celestial spirits." "Celestial light," Milton. Celestial city,
heaven; the heavenly Jerusalem. Bunyan.
 -- Celestial empire, China; -- so called from the Chinese words,
tien chan, Heavenly Dynasty, as being the kingdom ruled over by the
dynasty appoined by heaven. S. W. Williams.

CELESTIAL
Ce*les"tial, n.

1. An inhabitant of heaven. Pope.

2. A native of China.

CELESTIALIZE
Ce*les"tial*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make celestial. [R.]

CELESTIALLY
Ce*les"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a celestial manner.

CELESTIFY
Ce*les"ti*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. caelestis heavenly + -fly.]

Defn: To make like heaven. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

CELESTINE; CELESTITE
Cel"es*tine, Cel"es*tite,, n. Etym: [LL. caelestinus bine.] (Min.)

Defn: Native strontium sulphate, a mineral so named from its
occasional delicate blue color. It occurs crystallized, also in
compact massive and fibrous forms.

CELESTINE; CELESTINIAN
Cel"es*tine, Cel`es*tin"i*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A monk of the austere branch of the Franciscan Order founded by
Celestine V. in the 13th centry.

CELIAC
Ce"li*ac, a. (Anat.)

Defn: See Coellac.

CELIBACY
Ce*lib"a*cy, n. Etym: [See Celibate, n.]

Defn: The state of being unmarried; single life, esp. that of a
bachelor, or of one bound by vows not to marry. "The celibacy of the
clergy." Hallom.

CELIBATE
Cel"i*bate, n. Etym: [L. aelibatus, fr. caelebs unmarried, single.]

1. Celibate state; celibacy. [Obs.]
He . . . preferreth holy celibate before the estate of marrige. Jer.
Taylor.

2. One who is unmarried, esp. a bachelor, or one bound by vows not to
marry.

CELIBATE
Cel"i*bate, a.

Defn: Unmarried; single; as, a celibate state.

CELIBATIST
Ce*lib"a*tist, n.

Defn: One who lives unmarried. [R.]

CELIDOGRAPHY
Cel`i*dog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. célidographie.]

Defn: A description of apparent spots on the disk of the sun, or on
planets.

CELL
Cell, n. Etym: [OF. celle, fr. L. cella; akin to celare to hide, and
E. hell, helm, conceal. Cf. Hall.]

1. A very small and close apartment, as in a prison or in a monastery
or convent; the hut of a hermit.
The heroic confessor in his cell. Macaulay.

2. A small religious house attached to a monastery or convent. "Cells
or dependent priories." Milman.

3. Any small cavity, or hollow place.

4. (Arch.)
(a) The space between the ribs of a vaulted roof.
(b) Same as Cella.

5. (Elec.)

Defn: A jar of vessel, or a division of a compound vessel, for
holding the exciting fluid of a battery.

6. (Biol.)

Defn: One of the minute elementary structures, of which the greater
part of the various tissues and organs of animals and plants are
composed.

Note: All cells have their origin in the primary cell from which the
organism was developed. In the lowest animal and vegetable forms, one
single cell constitutes the complete individual, such being called
unicelluter orgamisms. A typical cell is composed of a semifluid mass
of protoplasm, more or less granular, generally containing in its
center a nucleus which in turn frequently contains one or more
nucleoli, the whole being surrounded by a thin membrane, the cell
wall. In some cells, as in those of blood, in the amoeba, and in
embryonic cells (both vegetable and animal), there is no restricting
cell wall, while in some of the unicelluliar organisms the nucleus is
wholly wanting. See Illust. of Bipolar. Air cell. See Air cell.
 -- Cell development (called also cell genesis, cell formation, and
cytogenesis), the multiplication, of cells by a process of
reproduction under the following common forms; segmentation or
fission, gemmation or budding, karyokinesis, and endogenous
multiplication. See Segmentation, Gemmation, etc.
 -- Cell theory. (Biol.) See Cellular theory, under Cellular.

CELL
Cell, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Celled.]

Defn: To place or inclosed in a cell. "Celled under ground." [R.]
Warner.

CELLA
Cel"la, n. Etym: [L.] (Arch.)

Defn: The part inclosed within the walls of an ancient temple, as
distinguished from the open porticoes.

CELLAR
Cel"lar, n. Etym: [OE. celer, OF. celier, F. celier, fr. L. cellarium
a receptacle for food, pantry, fr. cella storeroom. See Cell.]

Defn: A room or rooms under a building, and usually below the surface
of the ground, where provisions and other stores are kept.

CELLARAGE
Cel"lar*age, n.

1. The space or storerooms of a cellar; a cellar. Sir W. Scott.
You hear this fellow in the cellarage. Shak.

2. Chare for storage in a cellar.

CELLARER
Cel"lar*er, n. Etym: [LL. cellararius, equiv. to L. cellarius
steward: cf. F. cellérier. See Cellar.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A steward or butler of a monastery or chapter; one who has
charge of procuring and keeping the provisions.

CELLARET
Cel`lar*et", n. Etym: [Dim of cellar.]

Defn: A receptacle, as in a dining room, for a few bottles of wine or
liquor, made in the form of a chest or coffer, or a deep drawer in a
sideboard, and usually lined with metal.

CELLARIST
Cel"lar*ist, n.

Defn: Same as Cellarer.

CELLED
Celled, a.

Defn: Containing a cell or cells.

CELLEPORE
Cel"le*pore, n. Etym: [L. cella cell + porus, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of delicate branching corals, made up of minute cells,
belonging to the Bryozoa.

CELLIFEROUS
Cel*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Cell + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing or producing cells.

CELLO
Cel"lo, n.; pl. E. Cellos (, It. Celli (.

Defn: A contraction for Violoncello.

CELLULAR
Cel"lu*lar, a. Etym: [L. cellula a little cell: cf. F. cellulaire.
See Cellule.]

Defn: Consisting of, or containing, cells; of or pertaining to a cell
or cells. Cellular plants, Cellular cryptogams (Bot.), those
flowerless plants which have no ducts or fiber in their tissue, as
mosses, fungi, lichens, and algæ.
 -- Cellular theory, or Cell theory (Biol.), a theory, according to
which the essential element of every tissue, either vegetable or
animal, is a cell; the whole series of cells having been formed from
the development of the germ cell and by differentiation converted
into tissues and organs which, both in plants ans animals, are to be
considered as a mass of minute cells communicating with each other.
 -- Cellular tissue. (a) (Anat.) See conjunctive tissue under
Conjunctive. (b) (Bot.) Tissue composed entirely of parenchyma, and
having no woody fiber or ducts. cellular telephone, a portable radio-
telephone transmitting and receiving the radio-telephonic signals
from one of a group of transmitter-receiver stations so arranged that
they provide adequate signal contact for such telephones over a
certain geographical area. The area within which one transmitter may
service such portable telephones is called its "cell.

CELLULATED
Cel"lu*la`ted, a.

Defn: Cellular. Caldwell.

CELLULE
Cel"lule, n. Etym: [L. cellula a small apartment, dim. of cella: cf.
F. cellule. See Cell.]

Defn: A small cell.

CELLULIFEROUS
Cel`lu*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. cellula + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing or producing little cells.

CELLULITIS
Cel`lu*li"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. cellula + -itis.]

Defn: An inflammantion of the cellular or areolar tissue, esp. of
that lying immediately beneath the skin.

CELLULOID
Cel"lu*loid`, n. Etym: [Cellulose + -oid.]

Defn: A substance composed essentially of gun cotton and camphor, and
when pure resembling ivory in texture and color, but variously
colored to imitate coral, tortoise shell, amber, malachite, etc. It
is used in the manufacture of jewelry and many small articles, as
combs, brushes, collars, and cuffs; -- originaly called xylonite.

CELLULOSE
Cel"lu*lose`, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or containing, cells.

CELLULOSE
Cel"lu*lose`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The substance which constitutes the essential part of the solid
framework of plants, of ordinary wood, linen, paper, etc. It is also
found to a slight extent in certain animals, as the tunicates. It is
a carbohydrate, (C6H10O5)n, isomeric with starch, and is convertible
into starches and sugars by the action of heat and acids. When pure,
it is a white amorphous mass. See Starch, Granulose, Lignin.
Unsized, well bleached linen paper is merely pure cellulose. Goodale.
Starch cellulose, the delicate framework which remains when the
soluble part (granulose) of starch is removed by saliva or pepsin.
Goodale.

CELOTOMY
Ce*lot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The act or operation of cutting, to relieve the structure in
strangulated hernia. [Frequently written kelotomy.]

CELSITURE
Cel"si*ture, n. Etym: [L. celstudo, from celsus high: cf. celsitude.]

Defn: Height; altitude. [Obs.]

CELSIUS
Cel"si*us, n.

Defn: The Celsius thermometer or scale, so called from Anders
Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, who invented it. It is the same as the
centigrade thermometer or scale.

CELT
Celt, n. Etym: [L. Celtae, Gr. Celtiad one that dwells in a covert,
an inhabitant of the wood, a Celt, fr. celt covert, shelter, celu to
hide.]

Defn: One of an ancient race of people, who formerly inhabited a
great part of Central and Western Europe, and whose descendants at
the present day occupy Ireland, Wales, the Highlands of Scotland, and
the northern shores of France. [Written also Kelt. The letter C was
pronounced hard in Celtic languages.]

CELT
Celt, n. Etym: [LL. celts a chisel.] (Archæol.)

Defn: A weapon or implement of stone or metal, found in the tumuli,
or barrows, of the early Celtic nations.

CELTIBERIAN
Celt`i*be"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. Celtiber, Celtibericus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ancient Celtiberia (a district in Spain
lying between the Ebro and the Tagus) or its inhabitants the
Celtiberi (Celts of the river Iberus).
 -- n.

Defn: An inhabitant of Celtiberia.

CELTIC
Celt"ic, a. Etym: [L. Celticus, Gr. Celt.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Celts; as, Celtic people, tribes,
literature, tongue. [Written also Keltic.]

CELTIC
Celt"ic, n.

Defn: The language of the Celts.

Note: The remains of the old Celtic language are found in the Gaelic,
the Erse or Irish the Manx, and the Welsh and its cognate dialects
Cornish and Bas Breton.

CELTICISM
Celt"i*cism, n.

Defn: A custom of the Celts, or an idiom of their language. Warton.

CELTICIZE
Celt"i*cize`, v. t.

Defn: To render Celtic; to assimilate to the Celts.

CELTIUM
Cel"ti*um, n. [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: A supposed new element of the rare-earth group, accompanying
lutecium and scandium in the gadolinite earths. Symbol, Ct (no
period).

CEMBALO
Cem"ba*lo, n. Etym: [It. See Cymbal.]

Defn: An old mname for the harpsichord.

CEMENT
Ce*ment", n. Etym: [OF. cement, ciment, F. ciment, fr. L. caementum a
rough, unhewn stone, pieces or chips of marble, from which mortar was
made, contr. fr. caedimentum, fr. caedere to cut, prob. akin to
scindere to cleave, and to E. shed, v. t.]

1. Any substance used for making bodies adhere to each other, as
mortar, glue, etc.

2. A kind of calcined limestone, or a calcined mixture of clay and
lime, for making mortar which will harden under water.

3. The powder used in cementation. See Cementation, n.., 2.

4. Bond of union; that which unites firmly, as persons in friendship,
or men in society. "The cement of our love."

5. (Anat.)

Defn: The layer of bone investing the root and neck of a tooth; --
called also cementum. Hydraulic cement. See under Hydraulic.

CEMENT
Ce*ment", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cemented; p. pr. & vb. n. Cementing.]
Etym: [Cf. F. cimenter. See Cement, n.]

1. To unite or cause to adhere by means of a cement. Bp. Burnet.

2. To unite firmly or closely. Shak.

3. To overlay or coat with cement; as, to cement a cellar bottom.

CEMENT
Ce*ment", v. i.

Defn: To become cemented or firmly united; to cohere. S. Sharp.

CEMENTAL
Ce*ment"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to cement, as of a tooth; as, cemental tubes.
R. Owen.

CEMENTATION
Cem`en*ta"tion, n.

1. The act or process of cementing.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A process which consists in surrounding a solid body with the
powder of other substances, and heating the whole to a degree not
sufficient to cause fusion, the physical properties of the body being
changed by chemical combination with powder; thus iron becomes steel
by cementation with charcoal, and green glass becomes porcelain by
cementation with sand.

CEMENTATORY
Ce*ment"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Having the quality of cementating or uniting firmly.

CEMENTER
Ce*ment"er, n.

Defn: A person or thing that cements.

CEMENTITIOUS
Cem`en*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. caementitius pertaining to quarry
stones. See Cement, n. ]

Defn: Of the nature of cement. [R.] Forsyth.

CEMENT STEEL
Ce*ment" steel.

Defn: Steel produced by cementation; blister steel.

CEMETERIAL
Cem`e*te"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a cemetery. "Cemeterial cells." [R.] Sir T.
Browne.

CEMETERY
Cem"e*ter*y, n.; pl. Cemeteries (. Etym: [L. cemeterium, Gr.

Defn: A place or ground set apart for the burial of the dead; a
graveyard; a churchyard; a necropolis.

CENANTHY
Ce*nan"thy, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The absence or suppression of the essential organs (stamens and
pistil) in a flower.

CENATION
Ce*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. cenatio.]

Defn: Meal-taking; dining or supping. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

CENATORY
Cen"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. cenatorius, fr. cenare to dine, sup, fr.
cena, coena, dinner, supper.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to dinner or supper. [R.]
The Romans washed, were anointed, and wore a cenatory garment. Sir T.
Browne.

CENOBITE
Cen"o*bite, n. Etym: [L. coenobita, fr. Gr. cénobite.]

Defn: One of a religious order, dwelling in a convent, or a
community, in opposition to an anchoret, or hermit, who lives in
solitude. Gibbon.

CENOBITIC; CENOBITICAL
Cen`o*bit"ic, Cen`o*bit"ic*al a. Etym: [Cf. F. cénobitique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a cenobite.

CENOBITISM
Cen"o*bi*tism, n.

Defn: The state of being a cenobite; the belief or practice of a
cenobite. Milman.

CENOGAMY
Ce*nog"a*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The state of a communty which permits promiseuous sexual
intercourse among its members, as in certain societies practicing
communism.

CENOTAPH
Cen"o*taph, n. Etym: [Gr. cénotaphe.]

Defn: An empty tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person who is
buried elsewhere. Dryden.
A cenotaph in Westminster Abbey. Macaulay.

CENOTAPHY
Cen"o*taph`y, n.

Defn: A cenotaph. [R.]
Lord Cobham honored him with a cenotaphy. Macaulay.

CENOZOIC
Ce`no*zo"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: Belonging to the most recent division of geological time,
including the tertiary, or Age of mammals, and the Quaternary, or Age
of man. [Written also cænozoic, cainozoic, kainozoic.] See Geology.

Note: This word is used by many authors as synonymous with Tertiary,
the Quaternary Age not being included.

CENSE
Cense, n. Etym: [OF. cense, F. cens, L. census. See Census.]

1. A census; -- also, a public rate or tax. [Obs.] Howell. Bacon.

2. Condition; rank. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

CENSE
Cense, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Censed; p. pr. & vb. n. Censing.] Etym:
[Abbrev. from incense.]

Defn: To perfume with odors from burning gums and spices.
The Salii sing and cense his altars round. Dryden.

CENSE
Cense, v. i.

Defn: To burn or scatter incense.

CENSER
Cen"ser, n. Etym: [For incenser, fr. OF. encensier, F. encensoir, fr.
LL. incensarium, incensorium, fr. L. incensum incense. See Incense,
and cf. Incensory.]

Defn: A vessel for perfumes; esp. one in which incense is burned.

Note: The ecclesiastical censer is usually cup-shaped, has a cover
pierced with holes, and is hung by chains. The censer bearer swings
it to quicken the combustion.
Her thoughts are like the fume of frankincense Which from a golden
censer forth doth rise. Spenser.

CENSOR
Cen"sor, n. Etym: [L. censor, fr. censere to value, tax.]

1. (Antiq.)

Defn: One of two magistrates of Rome who took a register of the
number and property of citizens, and who also exercised the office of
inspector of morals and conduct.

2. One who is empowered to examine manuscripts before they are
committed to the press, and to forbid their publication if they
contain anything obnoxious; -- an official in some European
countries.

3. One given to fault-finding; a censurer.
Nor can the most circumspect attention, or steady rectitude, escape
blame from censors who have no inclination to approve. Rambler.

4. A critic; a reviewer.
Received with caution by the censors of the press. W. Irving.

CENSORIAL
Cen*so"ri*al, a.

1. Belonging to a censor, or to the correction of public morals.
Junius.

2. Full of censure; censorious.
The censorial declamation of Juvenal. T. Warton.

CENSORIAN
Cen*so"ri*an, a.

Defn: Censorial. [R.] Bacon.

CENSORIOUS
Cen*so"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. censorius pertaining to the censor. See
Censor.]

1. Addicted to censure; apt to blame or condemn; severe in making
remarks on others, or on their writings or manners.
A dogmatical spirit inclines a man to be consorious of his neighbors.
Watts.

2. Implying or expressing censure; as, censorious remarks.

Syn.
 -- Fault-finding; carping; caviling; captious; severe; condemnatory;
hypercritical.
 -- Cen*so"ri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Cen*so"ri*ous*ness, n.

CENSORSHIP
Cen"sor*ship, n.

Defn: The office or power of a censor; as, to stand for a censorship.
Holland.
The press was not indeed at that moment under a general censorship.
Macaulay.

CENSUAL
Cen"su*al, a. Etym: [L. censualis, fr. census.]

Defn: Relating to, or containing, a census.
He caused the whole realm to be described in a censual roll. Sir R.
Baker.

CENSURABLE
Cen"sur*a*ble, a.

Defn: Deserving of censure; blamable; culpable; reprehensible; as, a
censurable person, or censurable conduct.
 -- Cen"sur*a*bleness, n.
 -- Cen"sur*a*bly, adv.

CENSURE
Cen"sure, n. Etym: [L. censura fr. censere: cf. F. censure. Cf.
Censor.]

1. Judgment either favorable or unfavorable; opinion. [Obs.]
Take each man's censure, but reserve thy judgment. Shak.

2. The act of blaming or finding fault with and condemning as wrong;
reprehension; blame.
Both the censure and the praise were merited. Macaulay.

3. Judicial or ecclesiastical sentence or reprimand; condemnatory
judgment.
Excommunication or other censure of the church. Bp. Burnet.

Syn.
 -- Blame; reproof; condemnation; reprobation; disapproval;
disapprobation; reprehension; animadversion; reprimand; reflection;
dispraise; abuse.

CENSURE
Cen"sure, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Censured; p. pr. & vb. n. Censuring.]
Etym: [Cf. F. ensurer.]

1. To form or express a judgment in regard to; to estimate; to judge.
[Obs.] "Should I say more, you might well censure me a flatterer."
Beau. & Fl.

2. To find fault with and condemn as wrong; to blame; to express
disapprobation of.
I may be censured that nature thus gives way to loyalty. Shak.

3. To condemn or reprimand by a judicial or ecclesiastical sentence.
Shak.

Syn.
 -- To blame; reprove; rebuke; condemn; reprehend; reprimand.

CENSURE
Cen"sure, v. i.

Defn: To judge. [Obs.] Shak.

CENSURER
Cen"sur*er, n.

Defn: One who censures. Sha.

CENSUS
Cen"sus, n. Etym: [L. census, fr. censere. See Censor.]

1. (Bot. Antiq.)

Defn: A numbering of the people, and valuation of their estate, for
the purpose of imposing taxes, etc.; -- usually made once in five
years.

2. An official registration of the number of the people, the value of
their estates, and other general statistics of a country.

Note: A general census of the United States was first taken in 1790,
and one has been taken at the end of every ten years since.

CENT
Cent, n. Etym: [F. cent hundred, L. centum. See Hundred.]

1. A hundred; as, ten per cent, the proportion of ten parts in a
hundred.

2. A United States coin, the hundredth part of a dollar, formerly
made of copper, now of copper, tin, and zinc.

3. An old game at cards, supposed to be like piquet; -- so called
because 100 points won the game. Nares.

CENTAGE
Cent"age, n.

Defn: Rate by the hundred; percentage.

CENTAL
Cen"tal, n. Etym: [L. centum a hundred.]

Defn: A weight of one hundred pounds avoirdupois; -- called in many
parts of the United States a Hundredweight.

CENTAL
Cen"tal, n.

Defn: Relating to a hundred. Cental system, the method of buying and
selling by the cental, or hundredweight.

CENTARE
Cen"tare`, n. Etym: [F. centiare; centi- (L. centum) + -are.]

Defn: A measure of area, the hundredth part of an are; one square
meter, or about 1

CENTAUR
Cen"taur, n. Etym: [L. centaurus, Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A fabulous being, represented as half man and half horse.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation in the southern heavens between Hydra and the
Southern Cross.

CENTAUREA
Cen`tau*re"a, n. Etym: [NL. See Centaury.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large genus of composite plants, related to the thistles and
including the cornflower or bluebottle (Centaurea Cyanus) and the
star thistle (C. Calcitrapa).

CENTAUROMACHY
Cen`tau*rom"a*chy, n. [Gr. ;  centaur +  battle.] (Ancient Art)

Defn: A fight in which centaurs take part, -- a common theme for
relief sculpture, as in the Parthenon metopes.

CENTAURY
Cen"tau*ry, n. Etym: [L. centaureum and centauria, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A gentianaceous plant not fully identified. The name is usually
given to the Erytheræa Centaurium and the Chlora perfoliata of
Europe, but is also extended to the whole genus Sabbatia, and even to
the unrelated Centaurea.

CENTENARIAN
Cen`te*na"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or relating to a hundred years.
 -- n.

Defn: A person a hundred years old.

CENTENARY
Cen"te*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. centenarius, fr. centum a hundred.]

1. Relating to, or consisting of, a hundred.

2. Occurring once in every hundred years; centennial. "Centenary
solemnities." Fuller.

CENTENARY
Cen"te*na*ry, n.; pl. Centenaries (.

1. The aggregate of a hundred single things; specifically, a century.
"Every centenary of years." Hakewill.

2. A commemoration or celebration of an event which occurred a hudred
years before.

CENTENNIAL
Cen*ten"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. centum a hundred + annus year.]

1. Relating to, or associated with, the commemoration of an event
that happened a hundred years before; as, a centennial ode.

2. Happening once in a hundred years; as, centennial jubilee; a
centennial celebration.

3. Lasting or aged a hundred years.
Thet opened through long lines Of sacred ilex and centennial pines.
Longfellow.

CENTENNIAL
Cen*ten"ni*al, n.

Defn: The celebration of the hundredth anniversary of any event; a
centenary. [U. S.]

CENTENNIALLY
Cen*ten"ni*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Once in a hundred years.

CENTENNIAL STATE
Centennial State.

Defn: Colorado; -- a nickname alluding to the fact that it was
admitted to the Union in the centennial year, 1876.

CENTER
Cen"ter, n. Etym: [F. centre, fr. L. centrum, fr. round which a
circle is described, fr.

1. A point equally distant from the extremities of a line, figure, or
body, or from all parts of the circumference of a circle; the middle
point or place.

2. The middle or central portion of anything.

3. A principal or important point of concentration; the nucleus
around which things are gathered or to which they tend; an object of
attention, action, or force; as, a center of attaction.

4. The earth. [Obs.] Shak.

5. Those members of a legislative assembly (as in France) who support
the existing government. They sit in the middle of the legislative
chamber, opposite the presiding officer, between the conservatives or
monarchists, who sit on the right of the speaker, and the radicals or
advanced republicans who occupy the seats on his left, See Right, and
Left.

6. (Arch.)

Defn: A temporary structure upon which the materials of a vault or
arch are supported in position util the work becomes self-supporting.

7. (Mech.)
(a) One of the two conical steel pins, in a lathe, etc., upon which
the work is held, and about which it revolves.
(b) A conical recess, or indentation, in the end of a shaft or other
work, to receive the point of a center, on which the work can turn,
as in a lathe.

Note: In a lathe the live center is in the spindle of the head stock;
the dead center is on the tail stock. Planer centers are stocks
carrying centers, when the object to be planed must be turned on its
axis. Center of an army, the body or troops ossupying the place in
the line between the wings.
 -- Center of a curve or surface (Geom.) (a) A point such that every
line drawn through the point and terminated by the curve or surface
is bisected at the point. (b) The fixed point of reference in polar
coördinates. See Coördinates.
 -- Center of curvature of a curve (Geom.), the center of that circle
which has at any given point of the curve closer contact with the
curve than has any other circle whatever. See Circle.
 -- Center of a fleet, the division or column between the van and
rear, or between the weather division and the lee.
 -- Center of gravity (Mech.), that point of a body about which all
its parts can be balanced, or which being supported, the whole body
will remain at rest, though acted upon by gravity.
 -- Center of gyration (Mech.), that point in a rotating body at
which the whole mass might be concentrated (theoretically) without
altering the resistance of the intertia of the body to angular
acceleration or retardaton.
 -- Center of inertia (Mech.), the center of gravity of a body or
system of bodies.
 -- Center of motion, the point which remains at rest, while all the
other parts of a body move round it.
 -- Center of oscillation, the point at which, if the whole matter of
a suspended body were collected, the time of oscillation would be the
same as it is in the actual form and state of the body.
 -- Center of percussion, that point in a body moving about a fixed
axis at which it may strike an obstacle without communicating a shock
to the axis.
 -- Center of pressure (Hydros.), that point in a surface pressed by
a fluid, at which, if a force equal to the whole pressure and in the
same line be applied in a contrary direction, it will balance or
counteract the whole pressure of the fluid.

CENTER; CENTRE
Cen"ter, Cen"tre v. i. [imp. & p. p. Centered or Centred (; p. pr. &
vb. n. Centering or Centring.]

1. To be placed in a center; to be central.

2. To be collected to a point; to be concentrated; to rest on, or
gather about, as a center.
Where there is no visible truth wherein to center, error is as wide
as men's fancies. Dr. H. More.
Our hopes must center in ourselves alone. Dryden.

CENTER; CENTRE
Cen"ter , Cen"tre, v. t.

1. To place or fix in the center or on a central point. Milton.

2. To collect to a point; to concentrate.
Thy joys are centered all in me alome. Prior.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: To form a recess or indentation for the reception of a center.

CENTERBIT; CENTREBIT
Cen"ter*bit`, Cen"tre*bit`, n.

Defn: An instrument turning on a center, for boring holes. See Bit,
n., 3.

CENTERBOARD; CENTREBOARD
Cen"ter*board`, Cen"tre*board,, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A movable or sliding keel formed of a broad board or slab of
wood or metal which may be raised into a water-tight case amidships,
when in shallow water, or may be lowered to increase the area of
lateral resistance and prevent leeway when the vessel is beating to
windward. It is used in vessels of all sizes along the coast of the
United States

CENTERFIRE CARTRIDGE
Cen"ter*fire` car"tridge.

Defn: See under Cartridge.

CENTERING
Cen"ter*ing, n. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Center, n., 6. [Written also centring.]

CENTERPIECE; CENTREPIECE
Cen"ter*piece`, Cen"tre*piece`, n.

Defn: An ornament to be placed in the center, as of a table, ceiling,
atc.; a central article or figure.

CENTESIMAL
Cen*tes"i*mal, a. Etym: [L. centesimus the hundredth, fr. centum a
hundred: cf. F. centésimal.]

Defn: Hundredth.
 -- n.

Defn: A hundredth part.
The neglect of a few centesimals. Arbuthnot.

CENTESIMATION
Cen*tes`i*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. centesimore to take out or select
every hudredth, fr. centesimus hundredth.] (Mil.)

Defn: The infliction of the death penalty upon one person in every
hundred, as in cases of mutiny.

CENTESIMO
Cen*tes"i*mo, n.; pl. -mi. Etym: [It. & Sp.]

Defn: A copper coin of Italy and Spain equivalent to a centime.

CENTESM
Cen"tesm, n. Etym: [L. centesima.]

Defn: Hundredth.

CENTIARE
Cen"ti*are`, n. Etym: [F. See Centare.]

Defn: See centare.

CENTICIPITOUS
Cen`ti*cip"i*tous, a. Etym: [L. centiceps, -cipitis; centum a hunder
+ caput head.]

Defn: Hundred-headed.

CENTIFIDOUS
Cen*tif"i*dous, a. Etym: [L. centifidus; centum + findere to split.]

Defn: Divided into a hundred parts.

CENTIFOLIOUS
Cen`ti*fo"li*ous, a. Etym: [L. centifolius; centum + folium leaf.]

Defn: Having a hundred leaves.

CENTIGRADE
Cen"ti*grade, a. Etym: [L. centum a hundred + gradus degree: cf. F.
centigrade.]

Defn: Consisting of a hundred degrees; graduated into a hundred
divisions or equal parts. Spesifically: of or pertaining the
centigrade thermometer; as, 10° centigrade (or 10° C.). Centigrade
thermometer, a thermometer having the zero or 0 at the point
indicating the freezing state of water, and the distance between that
and the point indicating the boiling state of water divided into one
hundred degrees. It is called also the Celsius thermometer, from
Anders Celsius, the originator of this scale.

CENTIGRAM; CENTIGRAMME
Cen"ti*gram, Cen"ti*gramme, n. Etym: [F. centigramme; centi- (L.
centum) + gramme. See Gram.]

Defn: The hundredth part of a gram; a weight equal to .15432 of a
grain. See Gram.

CENTILITER; CENTILITRE
Cen"ti*li`ter, Cen"ti*li`tre, n. Etym: [F. centilitre; centi (L.
centum) + litre. See Liter.]

Defn: The hundredth part of a liter; a measure of volume or capacity
equal to a little more than six tenths (0.6102) of a cubic inch, or
one third (0.338) of a fluid ounce.

CENTILOQUY
Cen*til"o*quy, n. Etym: [L. centum hundred + logui to speak.]

Defn: A work divided into a hundred parts. [R.] Burton.

CENTIME
Cen`time", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. centesimus. See Centesimal.] (F.
Coinage)

Defn: The hundredth part of a franc; a small French copper coin and
money of account.

CENTIMETER; CENTIMETRE
Cen"ti*me`ter, Cen"ti*me`tre, n. Etym: [F. centimètre; centi- (L.
centum) + mètre. See Meter.]

Defn: The hundredth part of a meter; a measure of length equal to
rather more than thirty-nine hundredths (0.3937) of an inch. See
Meter.

CENTINEL
Cen"ti*nel, n.

Defn: Sentinel. [Obs.] Sackville.

CENTINODY
Cen*tin"o*dy, n. Etym: [L. centum a hundred + nodus knot: cf. F.
centinode.] (Bot.)

Defn: A weed with a sterm of many joints (Illecebrum verticillatum);
also, the Polygonum aviculare or knotgrass.

CENTIPED
Cen"ti*ped, n. Etym: [L. centipeda; centum a hundred + pes, pedis,
foot: cf. F. centipède.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of the Myriapoda; esp. the large, flattened, venomous
kinds of the order Chilopoda, found in tropical climates. they are
many-jointed, and have a great number of feet. [Written also
centipede (

CENTISTERE
Cen"ti*stere, n. Etym: [F. centistère; centi- (l. centum) + stère.]

Defn: The hundredth part of a stere, equal to .353 cubic feet.

CENTNER
Cent"ner, n. Etym: [Cf. G. centner a hundred-weight, fr. L.
centenarius of a hundred, fr. centum a hundred.]

1. (Metal. & Assaying)

Defn: A weight divisible first into a hundred parts, and then into
smaller parts.

Note: The metallurgists use a weight divided into a hundred equal
parts, each one pound; the whole they call a centner: the pound is
divided into thirty-two parts, or half ounces; the half ounce into
two quarters; and each of these into two drams. But the assayers use
different weights. With them a centner is one dram, to which the
other parts are proportioned.

2. The commercial hundredweight in several of the continental
countries, varying in different places from 100 to about 112 pounds.

CENTO
Cen"to, n.; pl. Centos. Etym: [L. cento a garment of several pieces
sewed together, patchwork, a poem made up of various verses of
another poem.]

Defn: A literary or a musical composition formed by selections from
different authors disposed in a new order.

CENTONISM
Cen"to*nism, n.

Defn: The composition of a cento; the act or practice of composing a
cento or centos.

CENTRAL
Cen"tral, a. Etym: [L. centralis, fr. centrum: cf. F. central. See
Center.]

Defn: Relating to the center; situated in or near the center or
middle; containing the center; of or pertaining to the parts near the
center; equidistant or equally accessible from certain points.
Central force (Math.), a force acting upon a body towards or away
from a fixed or movable center.
 -- Center sun (Astron.), a name given to a hypothetical body about
which Mädler supposed the solar system together with all the stars in
the Milky Way, to be revolving. A point near Alcyone in the Pleiades
was supposed to possess characteristics of the position of such a
body.

CENTRAL; CENTRALE
Cen"tral, Cen*tra"le, n. Etym: [NL. centrale, fr. L. centralis.]
(Anat.)

Defn: The central, or one of the central, bones of the carpus or or
tarsus. In the tarsus of man it is represented by the navicular.

CENTRALISM
Cen"tral*ism, n.

1. The state or condition of being central; the combination of
several parts into one whole; centralization.

2. The system by which power is centralized, as in a government.

CENTRALITY
Cen*tral"i*ty, n.; pl. Centralities (.

Defn: The state of being central; tendency towards a center.
Meantime there is a great centrality, a centripetence equal to the
centrifugence. R. W. Emerson.

CENTRALIZATION
Cen`tral*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. centralisation.]

Defn: The act or process of centralizing, or the state of being
centralized; the act or process of combining or reducing several
parts into a whole; as, the centralization of power in the general
government; the centralization of commerce in a city.

CENTRALIZE
Cen"tral*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Centralized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Centralizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. centraliser.]

Defn: To draw or bring to a center point; to gather into or about a
center; to bring into one system, or under one control.
[To] centralize the power of government. Bancroft.

CENTRALLY
Cen"tral*ly, adv.

Defn: In a central manner or situation.

CENTRE
Cen"tre, n. & v.

Defn: See Center.

CENTRIC; CENTRICAL
Cen"tric, Cen"tric*al, a.

Defn: Placed in the center or middle; central.
At York or some other centrical place. Sir W. Scott.
-- Cen"tric*al*ly, adv.
 -- Cen"tric*al*ness, n.

CENTRICITY
Cen*tric"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being centric; centricalness.

CENTRIFUGAL
Cen*trif"u*gal, a. Etym: [L. centrum center + fugere to flee.]

1. Tending, or causing, to recede from the center.

2. (Bot.)
(a) Expanding first at the summit, and later at the base, as a flower
cluster.
(b) Having the radicle turned toward the sides of the fruit, as some
embryos. Centrifugal force (Mech.), a force whose direction is from a
center.

Note: When a body moves in a circle with uniform velocity, a force
must act on the body to keep it in the circle without change of
velocity. The direction of this force is towards the center of the
circle. If this force is applied by means of a string to the body,
the string will be in a state of tension. To a person holding the
other end of the string, this tension will appear to be directed
toward the body as if the body had a tendency to move away from the
center of the circle which it is describing. Hence this latter force
is often called centrifugal force. The force which really acts on the
body being directed towards the center of the circle is called
centripetal force, and in some popular treatises the centripetal and
centrifugal forces are described as opposing and balancing each
other. But they are merely the different aspects of the same stress.
Clerk Maxwell. Centrifugal impression (Physiol.), an impression
(motor) sent from a nerve center outwards to a muscle or muscles by
which motion is produced.
 -- Centrifugal machine, A machine for expelling water or other
fluids from moist substances, or for separating liquids of different
densities by centrifugal action; a whirling table.
 -- Centrifugal pump, a machine in which water or other fluid is
lifted and discharged through a pipe by the energy imparted by a
wheel or blades revolving in a fixed case. Some of the largest and
most powerful pumps are of this kind.

CENTRIFUGAL
Cen*trif"u*gal, n.

Defn: A centrifugal machine.

CENTRIFUGAL FILTER
Cen*trif"u*gal fil"ter.

Defn: A filter, as for sugar, in which a cylinder with a porous or
foraminous periphery is rapidly rotated so as to drive off liquid by
centrifugal action.

CENTRIFUGENCE
Cen*trif"u*gence, n.

Defn: The property or quality of being centrifugal. R. W. Emerson.

CENTRING
Cen"tring, n.

Defn: See Centring.

CENTRIPETAL
Cen*trip"e*tal, a. Etym: [L. centrum center + peter to more toward.]

1. Tending, or causing, to approach the center.

2. (Bot.) (a) Expanding first at the base of the inflorescence, and
proceeding in order towards the summit. (b) Having the radicle turned
toward the axis of the fruit, as some embryos.

3. Progressing by changes from the exterior of a thing toward its
center; as, the centripetal calcification of a bone. R. Owen.
Centripetal force (Mech.), a force whose direction is towards a
center, as in case of a planet revolving round the sun, the center of
the system, See Centrifugal force, under Centrifugal.
 -- Centripetal impression (Physiol.), an impression (sensory)
transmitted by an afferent nerve from the exterior of the body
inwards, to the central organ.

CENTRIPETENCE
Cen*trip"e*tence, n.

Defn: Centripetency.

CENTRIPETENCY
Cen*trip"e*ten*cy, n.

Defn: Tendency toward the center.

CENTRISCOID
Cen*tris"coid, a. Etym: [NL. Centriscus (r. Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Allied to, or resembling, the genus Centriscus, of which the
bellows fish is an example.

CENTROBARIC
Cen`tro*bar"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (

Defn: Relating to the center of gravity, or to the process of finding
it. Centrobaric method (Math.), a process invented for the purpose of
measuring the area or the volume generated by the rotation of a line
or surface about a fixed axis, depending upon the principle that
every figure formed by the revolution of a line or surface about such
an axis has for measure the product of the line or surface by the
length of the path of its center of gravity; -- sometimes called
theorem of Pappus, also, incorrectly, Guldinus's properties. See
Barycentric calculus, under Calculus.

CENTRODE
Cen"trode, n. (Kinematics)

Defn: In two figures having relative motion, one of the two curves
which are the loci of the instantaneous center.

CENTROID
Cen"troid, n. Etym: [L. centrum + -oid.]

Defn: The center of mass, inertia, or gravity of a body or system of
bodies.

CENTROLECITHAL
Cen`tro*lec"i*thal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Having the food yolk placed at the center of the ovum,
segmentation being either regular or unequal. Balfour.

CENTROLINEAD
Cen`tro*lin"e*ad, n.

Defn: An instrument for drawing lines through a point, or lines
converging to a center.

CENTROLINEAL
Cen`tro*lin"e*al, a. Etym: [L. centrum + linea line.]

Defn: Converging to a center; -- applied to lines drawn so as to meet
in a point or center.

CENTROSOME
Cen"tro*some`, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A peculiar rounded body lying near the nucleus of a cell. It is
regarded as the dynamic element by means of which the machinery of
cell division is organized.

CENTROSPHERE
Cen"tro*sphere, n. [Gr.  centre + sphere.]

1.  (Geol.)

Defn: The nucleus or central part of the earth, forming most of its
mass; -- disting. from lithosphere, hydrosphere, etc.

2.  (Biol.) The central mass of an aster from which the rays extend
and within which the centrosome lies when present; the attraction
sphere. The name has been used both as excluding and including the
centrosome, and also to designate a modified mass of protoplasm about
a centrosome whether aster rays are developed or not.

CENTROSTALTIC
Cen`tro*stal"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A term applied to the action of nerve force in the spinal
center. Marshall Hall.

CENTRUM
Cen"trum, n.; pl. E. Centrums, L. Centra. Etym: [L., center.] (Anat.)

Defn: The body, or axis, of a vertebra. See Vertebra.

CENTRY
Cen"try, n.

Defn: See Sentry. [Obs.] Gray.

CENTUMVIR
Cen*tum"vir, n.; pl. Centumviri. Etym: [L., fr. centum hundred + Vir
man.] (Rom. Hist.)

Defn: One of a court of about one hundred judges chosen to try civil
suits. Under the empire the court was increased to 180, and met
usually in four sections.

CENTUMVIRAL
Cen*tum"vi*ral, a. Etym: [L. centumvitalis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the centumviri, or to a centumvir.

CENTUMVIRATE
Cen*tum"vi*rate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. centumvirat.]

Defn: The office of a centumvir, or of the centumviri.

CENTUPLE
Cen"tu*ple, a. Etym: [L. centuplex; centum + plicare to fold; cf. F.
centuple.]

Defn: Hundredfold.

CENTUPLE
Cen"tu*ple, v. t.

Defn: To increase a hundredfold.

CENTUPLICATE
Cen*tu"pli*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Centuplicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Centuplicating.] Etym: [L. centuplicare. See Centuple, a.]

Defn: To make a hundredfold; to repeat a hundred times. [R.] Howell.

CENTURIAL
Cen*tu"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. See Century.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a century; as, a centurial sermon. [R.]

CENTURIATE
Cen*tu"ri*ate, a. Etym: [L. centuriatus, p. p. of centuriare to
divide (men) into centuries.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or divided into, centuries or hundreds. [R.]
Holland.

CENTURIATE
Cen*tu"ri*ate, v. t. Etym: [See century.]

Defn: To divide into hundreds. [Obs.]

CENTURIATOR; CENTURIST
Cen*tu"ri*a`tor, Cen"tu*rist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. centuriateur.]

Defn: An historian who distinguishes time by centuries, esp. one of
those who wrote the "Magdeburg Centuries." See under Century. [R.]

CENTURION
Cen*tu"ri*on, n. Etym: [L. centurio, fr. centuria; cf. F. centurion.
See Century.] (Rom. Hist.)

Defn: A military officer who commanded a minor division of the Roman
army; a captain of a century.
A centurion of the hand called the Italian band. Acts x. 1.

CENTURY
Cen"tu*ry, n.; pl. Centuries. Etym: [L. centuria (in senses 1 & 3),
fr. centum a hundred: cf. F. centurie. See Cent.]

1. A hundred; as, a century of sonnets; an aggregate of a hundred
things. [Archaic.]
And on it said a century of prayers. Shak.

2. A period of a hundred years; as, this event took place over two
centuries ago.

Note: Century, in the reckoning of time, although often used in a
general way of any series of hundred consecutive years (as, a century
of temperance work), usually signifies a division of the Christian
era, consisting of a period of one hundred years ending with the
hundredth year from which it is named; as, the first century (a. d.
1-100 inclusive); the seventh century (a.d. 601-700); the eighteenth
century (a.d. 1701-1800). With words or phrases connecting it with
some other system of chronology it is used of similar division of
those eras; as, the first century of Rome (A.U.C. 1-100).

3. (Rom. Antiq.)
(a) A division of the Roman people formed according to their
property, for the purpose of voting for civil officers.
(b) One of sixty companies into which a legion of the army was
divided. It was Commanded by a centurion. Century plant (Bot.), the
Agave Americana, formerly supposed to flower but once in a century; -
- hence the name. See Agave.
 -- The Magdeburg Centuries, an ecclesiastical history of the first
thirteen centuries, arranged in thirteen volumes, compiled in the
16th century by Protestant scholars at Magdeburg.

CEORL
Ceorl (keôrl or cherl), n. [AS. See Churl, n.] (O. Eng. Hist.)

Defn: A freeman of the lowest class; one not a thane or of the
servile classes; a churl.

CEPACEOUS
Ce*pa"ceous, a. [L. cepa, caepa, onion.]

Defn: Of the nature of an onion, as in odor; alliaceous.

CEPEVOROUS
Ce*pev"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. cepa an onion + varare to devour.]

Defn: Feeding upon onions. [R.] Sterling.

CEPHALAD
Ceph"a*lad, adv. Etym: [Gr. ad toward.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Forwards; towards the head or anterior extremity of the body;
opposed to caudad.

CEPHALALGIA; CEPHALALGY
Ceph`a*lal"gi*a, Ceph"a*lal`gy, n. Etym: [L. cephalalgia, Gr.
céphalalgie.] (Med.)

Defn: Pain in the head; headache.

CEPHALALGIC
Ceph`a*lal"gic, a. Etym: [L. cephalalgicus, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Relating to, or affected with, headache.
 -- n.

Defn: A remedy for the headache.

CEPHALANTHIUM
Ceph`a*lan"thi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Anthodium.

CEPHALASPIS
Ceph`a*las"pis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of fossil ganoid fishes found in the old red sandstone
or Devonian formation. The head is large, and protected by a broad
shield-shaped helmet prolonged behind into two lateral points.

CEPHALATA
Ceph`a*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large division of Mollusca, including all except the
bivalves; -- so called because the head is distinctly developed. See
Illustration in Appendix.

CEPHALATE
Ceph"a*late, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a head.

CEPHALIC
Ce*phal"ic, a. Etym: [L. cephalicus, Gr. céphalique.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the head. See the Note under Anterior.
Cephalic index (Anat.), the ratio of the breadth of the cranium to
the length, which is taken as the standard, and equal to 100; the
breadth index.
 -- Cephalic vein, a large vein running from the back of the head
alond the arm; -- so named because the ancients used to open it for
disorders of the head. Dunglison.

CEPHALIC
Ce*pha"lic, n.

Defn: A medicine for headache, or other disorder in the head.

CEPHALISM
Ceph"a*lism, n. [Gr.  head.] (Anthropol.)

Defn: Form or development of the skull; as, the races of man differ
greatly in cephalism.

CEPHALITIS
Ceph`a*li"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Same as Phrenitis.

CEPHALIZATION
Ceph`a*li*za"tion, n.

Defn: Domination of the head in animal life as expressed in the
physical structure; localization of important organs or parts in or
near the head, in animal development. Dana.

CEPHALO; CEPHALO-
Ceph"a*lo. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form denoting the head, of the head, connected with
the head; as, cephalosome, cephalopod.

CEPHALOCERCAL
Ceph`a*lo*cer"cal, a. Etym: [Cephalo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Relating to the long axis of the body.

CEPHALOID
Ceph"a*loid, a. Etym: [Cephalo- + -oid.]

Defn: Shaped like the head. Craing.

CEPHALOLOGY
Ceph`a*lol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Cephalo- + -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of the head.

CEPHALOMERE
Ceph"a*lo*mere, n. Etym: [Cephalo- + -mere.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the somites (arthromeres) which make up the head of
arthropods. Packard.

CEPHALOMETER
Ceph`a*lom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Cephalo- + -meter.] (Med.)

Defn: An instrument measuring the dimensions of the head of a fetus
during delivery.

CEPHALOMETRY
Ceph`a*lom"e*try, n. (Anthropometry)

Defn: The measurement of the heads of living persons. --
Ceph`a*lo*met"ric (#),a.

CEPHALON
Ceph"a*lon, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The head.

CEPHALOPHORA
Ceph`a*loph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cephalata.

CEPHALOPOD; CEPHALOPODE
Ceph"a*lo*pod, Ceph"a*lo*pode, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Cephalopoda.

CEPHALOPODA
Ceph"`a*lop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., gr. Gr. -poda: cf. F.
céphalopode.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The highest class of Mollusca.

Note: They have, around the front of the head, a group of elongated
muscular arms, which are usually furnished with prehensile suckers or
hooks, The head is highly developed, with large, well organized eyes
and ears, and usually with a cartilaginous brain case. The higher
forms, as the cuttlefishes, squids, and octopi, swim rapidly by
ejecting a jet of water from the tubular siphon beneath the head.
They have a pair of powerful horny jaws shaped like a parrot's beak,
and a bag of inklike fluid which they can eject from the siphon, thus
clouding the water in order to escape from their enemies. They are
divided into two orders, the Dibranchiata, having two gills and eight
or ten sucker-bearing arms, and the Tetrabranchiata, with four gills
and numerous arms without suckers. The latter are all extinct except
the Nautilus. See Octopus, Squid, Nautilus.

CEPHALOPODIC; CEPHALOPODOUS
Ceph`a*lo*pod"ic, Ceph`a*lop"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, the cephalopods.

CEPHALOPTERA
Ceph`a*lop"te*ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the generic names of the gigantic ray (Manta birostris),
known as devilfish and sea devil. It is common on the coasts of South
Carolina, Florida, and farther south. Some of them grow to enormous
size, becoming twenty feet of more across the body, and weighing more
than a ton.

CEPHALOSOME
Ceph"a*lo*some, n. Etym: [Cephalo- + -some body.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The anterior region or head of insects and other arthropods.
Packard.

CEPHALOSTYLE
Ceph"a*lo*style, n. Etym: [Cephalo- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The anterior end of the notochord and its bony sheath in the
base of cartilaginous crania.

CEPHALOTHORAX
Ceph`a*lo*tho"rax, n. Etym: [Cephalo- + thorax.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The anterior portion of any one of the Arachnida and higher
Crustacea, consisting of the united head and thorax.

CEPHALOTOME
Ceph"a*lo*tome, n. Etym: [Cephalo- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An instrument for cutting into the fetal head, to facilitate
delivery.

CEPHALOTOMY
Ceph`a*lot"o*my, n.

1. Dissection or opening of the head.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Craniotomy; -- usually applied to bisection of the fetal head
with a saw.

CEPHALOTRIBE
Ceph"a*lo*tribe, n. Etym: [Cephalo- + Gr. to rub, grind.]

Defn: An obstetrical instrument for performing cephalotripsy.

CEPHALOTRIPSY
Ceph"a*lo*trip`sy, n. Etym: [See Cephalotribe.] (Med.)

Defn: The act or operation of crushing the head of a fetus in the
womb in order to effect delivery.

CEPHALOTROCHA
Ceph`a*lot"ro*cha, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of annelid larva with a circle of cilia around the head.

CEPHALOUS
Ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a head; -- applied chiefly to the Cephalata, a division
of mollusks.

CEPHEUS
Ce"pheus, n.

Defn: (Astron.) A northern constellation near the pole. Its head,
which is in the Milky Way, is marked by a triangle formed by three
stars of the fourth magnitude. See Cassiopeia.

CERACEOUS
Ce*ra"ceous, a. Etym: [L. cera wax.]

Defn: Having the texture and color of new wax; like wax; waxy.

CERAGO
Ce*ra"go, n. Etym: [L. cera wax.]

Defn: Beebread.

CERAMIC
Ce*ram"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Keramic.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to pottery; relating to the art of making
earthenware; as, ceramic products; ceramic ornaments for ceilings.

CERAMICS
Ce*ram"ics, n. Etym: [See Ceramic.]

1. The art of making things of baked clay; as pottery, tiles, etc.

2. pl.

Defn: Work formed of clay in whole or in part, and baked; as, vases,
urns, etc. Knight.

CERARGYRITE
Ce*rar"gy*rite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Native silver chloride, a mineral of a white to pale yellow or
gray color, darkening on exposure to the light. It may be cut by a
knife, like lead or horn (hence called horn silver).

CERASIN
Cer"a*sin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white amorphous substance, the insoluble part of cherry gum;
-- called also meta-arabinic acid.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A gummy mucilaginous substance; -- called also bassorin,
tragacanthin, etc.

CERASINOUS
Ce*ras"i*nous, a.

1. Pertaining to, or containing, cerasin.

2. Of a cherry color.

CERASTES
Ce*ras"tes, n. Etym: [L., a horned serpent, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of poisonous African serpents, with a horny scale over
each eye; the horned viper.

CERATE
Ce"rate, n. Etym: [L. ceratum, ceratm, fr. cera wax.] (Med.)

Defn: An unctuous preparation for external application, of a
consistence intermediate between that of an ointment and a plaster,
so that it can be spread upon cloth without the use of heat, but does
not melt when applied to the skin.

Note: Cerate consists essentially of wax (for which resin or
spermaceti is sometimes substituted) mixed with oil, lard, and
various medicinal ingredients. The cerate (formerly called simple
cerate) of the United States Pharmacopoeia is a mixture of three
parts of white wax and seven parts of lard.

CERATED
Ce"ra*ted, p. a. Etym: [L. ceratus, p. p. of cerare to wax, fr. cera
wax.]

Defn: Covered with wax.

CERATINE
Cer"a*tine, a. Etym: [Gr. (Lagic.)

Defn: Sophistical.

CERATOBRANCHIA
Cer`a*to*bran"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. n. pl., gills.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of nudibranchiate Mollusca having on the back
papilliform or branched organs serving as gills.

CERATOBRANCHIAL
Cer`a*to*bran"chi*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the bone, or cartilage, below the epibranchial in
a branchial arch.
 -- n.

Defn: A ceratobranchial bone, or cartilage.

CERATODUS
Ce*rat"o*dus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of ganoid fishes, of the order Dipnoi, first known as
Mesozoic fossil fishes; but recently two living species have been
discovered in Australian rivers. They have lungs so well developed
that they can leave the water and breathe in air. In Australia they
are called salmon and baramunda. See Dipnoi, and Archipterygium.

CERATOHYAL
Cer`a*to*hy"al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the bone, or carts, large, below the epihyal in
the hyoid arch.
 -- n.

Defn: A ceratohyal bone, or cartilage, which, in man, forms one of
the small horns of the hyoid.

CERATOSAURUS
Cer`a*to*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A carnivorous American Jurassic dinosaur allied to the European
Megalosaurus. The animal was nearly twenty feet in length, and the
skull bears a bony horn core on the united nasal bones. See
Illustration in Appendix.

CERATOSPONGIAE
Cer`a*to*spon"gi*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of sponges in which the skeleton consists of horny
fibers. It includes all the commercial sponges.

CERAUNICS
Ce*rau"nics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: That branch of physics which treats of heat and electricity. R.
Park.

CERAUNOSCOPE
Ce*rau"no*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: An instrument or apparatus employed in the ancient mysteries to
imitate thunder and lightning. T. Moore.

CERBEREAN
Cer*be"re*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or resembling, Cerberus. [Written also
Cerberian.]
With wide Cerberean mouth. Milton.

CERBERUS
Cer"be*rus, n. Etym: [L. Cerberus (in sense 1), gr.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A monster, in the shape, of a three-headed dog, guarding the
entrance into the infernal regions, Hence: Any vigilant custodian or
guardian, esp. if surly.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of East Indian serpents, allied to the pythons; the
bokadam.

CERCAL
Cer"cal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tail.

CERCARIA
Cer*ca"ri*a, n.; pl. Cercarle ( Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larval form of a trematode worm having the shape of a
tadpole, with its body terminated by a tail-like appendage.

CERCARIAN
Cer*ca"ri*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, like, or pertaining to, the Cercariæ.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Cercariæ.

CERCOPOD
Cer"co*pod, n. Etym: [Gr. -pod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the jointed antenniform appendage of the posterior
somites of cartain insects. Packard.

CERCUS
Cer"cus, n.; pl. Cerci (. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Cercopod.

CERE
Cere, n. Etym: [L. cera wax: cf. F. cire.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The soft naked sheath at the base of the beak of birds of prey,
parrots, and some other birds. See Beak.

CERE
Cere, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cered; p. pr. & vb. n. Cering.] Etym: [L.
cerare, fr. cera wax: cf. F. cirer.]

Defn: To wax; to cover or close with wax. Wiseman.

CEREAL
Ce"re*al, a. Etym: [L. Cerealis pert. to Ceres, and hence, to
agriculture. See Ceres.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the grasses which are cultivated for their
edible seeds (as wheat, maize, rice, etc.), or to their seeds or
grain.

CEREAL
Ce"re*al n.

Defn: Any grass cultivated for its edible grain, or the grain itself;
-- usually in the plural.

CEREALIA
Ce`re*a"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [L. See Cereal.]

1. (Antiq.)

Defn: Public festivals in honor of Ceres.

2. The cereals. Crabb.

CEREALIN
Ce"re*a*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous substance closely resembling diastase, obtained
from bran, and possessing the power of converting starch into
dextrin, sugar, and lactic acid. Watts.

CEREBEL
Cer"e*bel, n.

Defn: The cerebellum. Derham.

CEREBELLAR; CEREBELLOUS
Cer`e*bel"lar, Cer`e*bel"lous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the cerebellum.

CEREBELLUM
Cer`e*bel"lum, n.; pl. E. Cerebellums (, L. Cerebella (. Etym: [L.,
dim. of cerebrum brain.] (Anat.)

Defn: The large lobe of the hind brain in front of and above the
medulla; the little brain. It controls combined muscular action. See
Brain.

CEREBRAL
Cer"e*bral, a. Etym: [L. cerebrum brain; akin to Gr. cérébral. See
Cheer.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the cerebrum. Cerebral apoplexy. See under
Apoplexy.

CEREBRAL
Cer"e*bral, n. Etym: [A false translation of the Skr. murdhanya,
lit., head-sounds.]

Defn: One of a class of lingual consonants in the East Indian
languages. See Lingual, n.

Note: Prof. W. D. Whitney calls these letters linguals, and this is
their usual designation in the United States.

CEREBRALISM
Cer"e*bral*ism, n. (Philos.)

Defn: The doctrine or theory that psychical phenomena are functions
or products of the brain only.

CEREBRALIST
Cer"e*bral*ist, n.

Defn: One who accepts cerebralism.

CEREBRATE
Cer"e*brate, v. i. (Physiol.)

Defn: To exhibit mental activity; to have the brain in action.

CEREBRATION
Cer`e*bra"tion, n.

Defn: Action of the brain, whether conscious or unconscious.

CEREBRIC
Cer"e*bric, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the brain. Cerebric acid
(Physiol. Chem.), a name formerly sometimes given to cerebrin.

CEREBRICITY
Cer`e*bric"i*ty, n.

Defn: Brain power. [R.]

CEREBRIFORM
Ce*reb"ri*form, a. Etym: [Cerebrum + -form.]

Defn: Like the brain in form or substance.

CEREBRIFUGAL
Cer`e*brif"u*gal, a. Etym: [Cerebrum + L. fugere to flee.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Applied to those nerve fibers which go from the brain to the
spinal cord, and so transfer cerebral impulses (centrifugal
impressions) outwards.

CEREBRIN
Cer"e*brin, n. Etym: [From Cerebrum.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A nonphosphorized, nitrogenous substance, obtained from brain
and nerve tissue by extraction with boiling alcohol. It is uncertain
whether it exists as such in nerve tissue, or is a product of the
decomposition of some more complex substance.

CEREBRIPETAL
Cer`e*brip"e*tal, a. Etym: [Cerebrum + L. petere to seek.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Applied to those nerve fibers which go from the spinal cord to
the brain and so transfer sensations (centripetal impressions) from
the exterior inwards.

CEREBRITIS
Cer`e*bri"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. E. cerebrum + -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the cerebrum.

CEREBROID
Cer"e*broid, a. Etym: [Cerebrum + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling, or analogous to, the cerebrum or brain.

CEREBROLOGY
Cer`e*brol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Cerebrum + -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of the cerebrum or brain.

CEREBROPATHY
Cer`e*brop"a*thy, n. Etym: [Cerebrum + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A hypochondriacal condition verging upon insanity, occurring in
those whose brains have been unduly taxed; -- called also brain fag.

CEREBROSCOPY
Cer`e*bros"co*py, n. Etym: [Cerebrum + -scopy.] (Med.)

Defn: Examination of the brain for the diagnosis of diseas; esp., the
act or process of diagnosticating the condition of the brain by
examination of the interior of the eye (as with an ophthalmoscope).
Buck.

CEREBROSE
Cer`e*brose", n. Etym: [From Cerebrum.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A sugarlike body obtained by the decomposition of the
nitrogenous non-phosphorized principles of the brain.

CEREBRO-SPINAL
Cer`e*bro-spi"nal, a. Etym: [Cerebrum + spinal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the central nervous system consisting of
the brain and spinal cord. Cerebro-spinal fluid (Physiol.), a serous
fluid secreted by the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
 -- Cerebro-spinal meningitis, Cerebro-spinal fever (Med.), a
dangerous epidemic, and endemic, febrile disease, characterized by
inflammation of the membranes of the brain and spinal cord, giving
rise to severe headaches, tenderness of the back of the neck,
paralysis of the ocular muscles, etc. It is sometimes marked by a
cutaneous eruption, when it is often called spotted fever. It is not
contagious.

CEREBRUM
Cer"e*brum, n.; pl. E. Cerebrums, L. Cerebra. Etym: [L., the brain.]
(Anat.)

Defn: The anterior, and in man the larger, division of the brain; the
seat of the reasoning faculties and the will. See Brain.

CERECLOTH
Cere"cloth`, n. Etym: [L. cera wax + E. cloth.]

Defn: A cloth smeared with melted wax, or with some gummy or
glutinous matter.
Linen, besmeared with gums, in manner of cerecloth. Bacon.

CEREMENT
Cere"ment, n. Etym: [L. cera wax: cf. F. cirement.]
(a) A cerecloth used for the special purpose of enveloping a dead
body when embalmed.
(b) Any shroud or wrapping for the dead.

CEREMONIAL
Cer`e*mo"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. caerimonialis: cf. F. cérimonial. See
Ceremony.]

1. Relating to ceremony, or external rite; ritual; according to the
forms of established rites.
Ceremonial observances and outward show. Hallam.

2. Observant of forms; ceremonious.

Note: [In this sense ceremonious is now preferred.] Donne.
He moves in the dull ceremonial track. Druden.

CEREMONIAL
Cer`e*mo"ni*al, n.

1. A system of rules and ceremonies, enjoined by law, or established
by custom, in religious worship, social intercourse, or the courts of
princes; outward form.
The gorgeous ceremonial of the Burgundian court. Prescott.

2. The order for rites and forms in the Roman Catholic church, or the
book containing the rules presribed to be observed on solemn
occasions.

CEREMONIALISM
Cer`e*mo"ni*al*ism, n.

Defn: Adherence to external rites; fondness for ceremony.

CEREMONIALLY
Cer`e*mo"ni*al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to rites and ceremonies; as, a person ceremonially
unclean.

CEREMONIALNESS
Cer`e*mo"ni*al*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being ceremonial.

CEREMONIOUS
Cer`e*mo"ni*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. cérémonieux, L. Caerimoniosus.]

1. Consisting of outward forms and rites; ceremonial.

Note: [In this sense ceremonial is now preferred.]
The ceremonious part of His worship. South.

2. According to prescribed or customary rules and forms; devoted to
forms and ceremonies; formally respectful; punctilious. "Ceremonious
phrases." Addison.
Too ceremonious and traditional. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Formal; precise; exact. See Formal.

CEREMONIOUSLY
Cer`e*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a ceremonious way.

CEREMONIOUSNESS
Cer`e*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality, or practice, of being ceremonious.

CEREMONY
Cer"e*mo*ny, n.; pl. Ceremonies. Etym: [F. cérémonie, L. caerimonia;
perh. akin to E. create and from a root signifying to do or make.]

1. Ar act or series of acts, often of a symbolical character,
prescribed by law, custom, or authority, in the conduct of important
matters, as in the performance of religious duties, the transaction
of affairs of state, and the celebration of notable events; as, the
ceremony of crowning a sovereign; the ceremonies observed in
consecrating a church; marriage and baptismal ceremonies.
According to all the rites of it, and according to all the ceremonies
thereof shall ye keep it [the Passover]. Numb. ix. 3
Bring her up the high altar, that she may The sacred ceremonies there
partake. Spenser.
[The heralds] with awful ceremony And trumpet's sound, throughout the
host proclaim A solemn council. Milton.

2. Behavior regulated by strict etiquette; a formal method of
performing acts of civility; forms of civility prescribed by custom
or authority.
Ceremony was but devised at first To set a gloss on . . . hollow
welcomes . . . But where there is true friendship there needs none.
Shak.
Al ceremonies are in themselves very silly things; but yet a man of
the world should know them. Chesterfield.

3. A ceremonial symbols; an emblem, as a crown, scepter, garland,
etc. [Obs.]
Disrobe the images, If you find them decked with ceremonies. . . .
Let no images Be hung with Cæsar's trophies. Shak.

4. A sign or prodigy; a portent. [Obs.]
Cæsar, I never stood on ceremonies, Yet, now they fright me. Shak.
Master of ceremonies, an officer who determines the forms to be
observed, or superintends their observance, on a public occasion.
 -- Not to stand on ceremony, not to be ceremonious; to be familiar,
outspoken, or bold.

CEREOUS
Ce"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. cereus, fr. cera was.]

Defn: Waxen; like wax. [Obs.] Gayton.

CERES
Ce"res, n. Etym: [L., Ceres, also corn, grain, akin to E. create.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The daughter of Saturn and Ops or Rhea, the goddess of corn and
tillage.

2. (Actron.)

Defn: The first discovered asteroid.

CERESIN
Cer"e*sin, n. Etym: [L. cera wax.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white wax, made by bleaching and purifying ozocerite, and
used as a substitute for beeswax.

CEREUS
Ce"re*us, n. Etym: [L., a wax candle, fr. cera wax. So named from the
resemblance of one species to the columnar shape of a wax candle.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the Cactus family. They are natives of
America, from California to Chili.

Note: Although several species flower in the night, the name Night-
blooming cereus is specially applied to the Cereus grandiflorus,
which is cultivated for its beautiful, shortlived flowers. The Cereus
giganteus, whose columnar trunk is sometimes sixty feet in height, is
a striking feature of the scenery of New Mexico, Texas, etc.

CEREVIS
Cer"e*vis (ser"e*vis; G. tser`e*ves"), n. [G., fr. L. cerevisia,
cervisia, beer.]

Defn: A small visorless cap, worn by members of German student corps.
It is made in the corps colors, and usually bears the insignia of the
corps.

CERIA
Ce"ri*a (se"ri*a), n. (Chem.)

Defn: Cerium oxide, CeO2, a white infusible substance constituting
about one per cent of the material of the common incandescent mantle.

CERIAL
Cer"i*al, a.

Defn: Same as Cerial. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CERIFEROUS
Ce*rif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. ra wax + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing wax.

CERIN
Ce"rin, n. Etym: [L. cera wax + -in: cf. L. cerinus wax-colored.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A waxy substance extracted by alcohol or ether from cork;
sometimes applied also to the portion of beeswax which is soluble in
alcohol. Watts.

2. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of the mineral allanite.

CERINTHIAN
Ce*rin"thi*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of an ancient religious sect, so called fron Cerinthus, a
Jew, who attempted to unite the doctrines of Christ with the opinions
of the Jews and Gnostics. Hook.

CERIPH
Cer"iph, n. (Type Founding)

Defn: One of the fine lines of a letter, esp. one of the fine cross
strokes at the top and bottom of letters. [Spelt also seriph.]
Savage.

CERISE
Ce*rise", a. Etym: [F., a cherry. See Cherry.]

Defn: Cherry-colored; a light bright red; --- applied to textile
fabrics, especially silk.

CERITE
Ce"rite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gastropod shell belonging to the family Cerithiïdæ; -- so
called from its hornlike form.

CERITE
Ce"rite, n. Etym: [From Cherium.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a brownish of cherry-red color, commonly massive.
It is a hydrous silicate of cerium and allied metals.

CERIUM
Ce"ri*um, n. Etym: [Named dy Berzelius in 1803 from the asteroid
Ceres, then just discovered (1801).] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element, occurring in the minerals cerite,
allanite, monazite, etc. Symbol Ce. Atomic weight 141.5. It resembles
iron in color and luster, but is soft, and both malleable and
ductile. It tarnishes readily in the air.

CERNUOUS
Cer"nu*ous, a. Etym: [L. cernuus with the face turned toward the
earth.] (Bot.)

Defn: Inclining or nodding downward; pendulous; drooping; -- said of
a bud, flower, fruit, or the capsule of a moss.

CERO
Ce"ro, n. Etym: [Corrupt. fr. Sp. sierra saw, sawfish, cero.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large and valuable fish of the Mackerel family, of the genus
Scomberomorus. Two species are found in the West Indies and less
commonly on the Atlantic coast of the United States, -- the common
cero (Scomberomorus caballa), called also kingfish, and spotted, or
king, cero (S. regalis).

CEROGRAPH
Ce"ro*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. khros wax + -graph.]

Defn: A writing on wax. Knight.

CEROGRAPHIC; CEROGRAPHICAL
Ce`ro*graph"ic, Ce`ro*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to cerography.

CEROGRAPHIST
Ce*rog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: One who practices cerography.

CEROGRAPHY
Ce*rog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

1. The art of making characters or designs in, or with, wax.

2. A method of making stereotype plates from inscribed sheets of wax.

CEROLITE
Cer"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. * wax + -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous silicate of magnesium, allied to serpentine,
occurring in waxlike masses of a yellow or greenish color.

CEROMA
Ce*ro"ma, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. The unguent (a composition of oil and wax) with which wrestles
were anointed among the ancient Romans.

2. (Anc. Arch.)

Defn: That part of the baths and gymnasia in which bathers and
wrestlers anointed themselves.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cere of birds.

CEROMANCY
Cer"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by dropping melted wax in water.

CEROON
Ce*roon", n. Etym: [See Seroon.]

Defn: A bale or package. covered with hide, or with wood bound with
hide; as, a ceroon of indigo, cochineal, etc.

CEROPLASTIC
Ce`ro*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Fine arts)
(a) Relating to the art of modeling in wax.
(b) Modeled in wax; as, a ceroplastic figure.

CEROPLASTICS; CEROPLASTY
Ce`ro*plas"tics, Ce`ro*plas"ty, n. Etym: [Gr. céroplastique.]

Defn: The art of modeling in wax.

CEROSIN
Cer"o*sin, n. Etym: [L. cera wax.] (Chem.)

Defn: A waxy substance obtained from the bark of the sugar cane, and
crystallizing in delicate white laminæ.

CEROTE
Ce"rote, n. Etym: [Obs.]

Defn: See Cerate.

CEROTENE
Cer"o*tene, n. Etym: [L. cerotum a pomade. See Cerate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white waxy solid obtained from Chinese wax, and by the
distillation of cerotin.

CEROTIC
Ce*rot"ic, a. Etym: [See Cerotene.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, beeswax or Chinese wax; as,
cerotic acid or alcohol.

CEROTIN
Cer"o*tin, n. Etym: [See Cerotene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance, C27H55.OH, obtained from Chinese
wax, and regarded as an alcohol of the marsh gas series; -- called
also cerotic alcohol, ceryl alcohol.

CEROTYPE
Ce"ro*type`, n. [Gr.  wax + -type.]

Defn: A printing process of engraving on a surface of wax spread on a
steel plate, for electrotyping.

CERRIAL
Cer"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. cerreus, fr. cerrus a kind of oak.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the cerris.
Chaplets green of cerrial oak. Dryden.

CERRIS
Cer"ris, n. Etym: [L. cerrus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of oak (Quercus cerris) native in the Orient and
southern Europe; -- called also bitter oak and Turkey oak.

CERTAIN
Cer"tain, a. Etym: [F. certain, fr. (assumed) LL. certanus, fr. L.
certus determined, fixed, certain, orig. p. p. of cernere to
perceive, decide, determine; akin to Gr. concern, critic, crime,
riddle a sieve, rinse, v.]

1. Assured in mind; having no doubts; free from suspicions
concerning.
To make her certain of the sad event. Dryden.
I myself am certain of you. Wyclif.

2. Determined; resolved; -- used with an infinitive.
However, I with thee have fixed my lot, Certain to undergo like doom.
Milton.

3. Not to be doubted or denied; established as a fact.
The dream is certain, and the interpretation thereof sure. Dan. ii.
45.

4. Actually existing; sure to happen; inevitable.
Virtue that directs our ways Through certain dangers to uncertain
praise. Dryden.
Death, as the Psalmist saith, is certain to all. Shak.

5. Unfailing; infallible.
I have often wished that I knew as certain a remedy for any other
distemper. Mead.

6. Fixed or stated; regular; determinate.
The people go out and gather a certain rate every day. Ex. xvi. 4.

7. Not specifically named; indeterminate; indefinite; one or some; --
sometimes used independenty as a noun, and meaning certain persons.
It came to pass when he was in a certain city. Luke. v. 12.
About everything he wrote there was a certain natural grace und
decorum. Macaulay.
For certain, assuredly.
 -- Of a certain, certainly.

Syn.
 -- Bound; sure; true; undeniable; unquestionable; undoubted; plain;
indubitable; indisputable; incontrovertible; unhesitating;
undoubting; fixed; stated.

CERTAIN
Cer"tain, n.

1. Certainty. [Obs.] Gower.

2. A certain number or quantity. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CERTAIN
Cer"tain, adv.

Defn: Certainly. [Obs.] Milton.

CERTAINLY
Cer"tain*ly, adv.

Defn: Without doubt or question; unquestionably.

CERTAINNESS
Cer"tain*ness, n.

Defn: Certainty.

CERTAINTY
Cer"tain*ty, n.; pl. Certainties. Etym: [OF. certaineté.]

1. The quality, state, or condition, of being certain.
The certainty of punishment is the truest security against crimes.
Fisher Ames.

2. A fact or truth unquestionable established.
Certainties are uninteresting and sating. Landor.

3. (Law)

Defn: Clearness; freedom from ambiguity; lucidity. Of a certainty,
certainly.

CERTES
Cer"tes, adv. Etym: [F. certes, for à certes, fr. L. certus. See
Certain.]

Defn: Certainly; in truth; verily. [Archaic]
Certes it great pity was to see Him his nobility so foul deface.
Spenser.

CERTIFICATE
Cer*tif"i*cate, n. Etym: [F. certificat, fr. LL. certificatus made
certain, p. p. of certificare. See tify.]

1. A written testimony to the truth of any fact; as, certificate of
good behavior.

2. A written declaration legally authenticated. Trial by certificate,
a trial which the testimony of the person certifying is the only
proper criterion of the point in dispute; as, when the issue is
whether a person was absent in the army, this is tried by the
certificate of the proper officer in writing, under his seal.
Blackstone.

CERTIFICATE
Cer*tif"i*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Certificated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Certificating.] Etym: [See Certify.]

1. To verify or vouch for by certificate.

2. To furnish with a certificate; as, to certificate the captain of a
vessel; a certificated teacher.

CERTIFICATION
Cer`ti*fi*ca"tion, n.Etym: [L. certificatio: cf. F. certification.]

Defn: The act of certifying.

CERTIFIER
Cer"ti*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who certifies or assures.

CERTIFY
Cer"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Certified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Certifying.] Etym: [F. certifier, LL. certificare; L. certus certain
+ facere to make. See Certain, and cf. Certificate, v. t.]

1. To give cetain information to; to assure; to make certain.
We certify the king, that . . . thou shalt have no portion on this
side the river. Ezra iv. 16.

2. To give certain information of; to make certain, as a fact; to
verify. Hammond.
The industry of science at once certifies and greatly extends our
knowledge of the vastness of the creation. I. Taylor.

3. To testify to in writing; to make a declaration concerning, in
writing, under hand, or hand and seal.
The judges shall certify their opinion to the chancellor, and upon
such certificate the decree is usually founded. Blackstone.
Certified check, A bank check, the validity of which is certified by
the bank on which it is drawn.

CERTIORARI
Cer`ti*o*ra"ri, n. Etym: [So named from the emphatic word certiorari
in the Latin form of the writ, which read certiorar volumus we wish
to be certified.] (Law)

Defn: A writ issuing out of chancery, or a superior court, to call up
the records of a inferior court, or remove a cause there depending,
in order that the party may have more sure and speedy justice, or
that errors and irreguarities may be corrected. It is obtained upon
complaint of a party that he has not received justice, or can not
have an impartial trial in the inferior court.

Note: A certiorari is the correct process to remove the proceedings
of a court in which cases are tried in a manner different from the
course of the common law, as of county commissioners. It is also used
as an auxiliary process in order to obtain a full return to some
other process. Bouvier.

CERTITUDE
Cer"ti*tude, n. Etym: [LL. certitudo, fr. L. certus: cf. F.
certitude. See Certain.]

Defn: Freedom from doubt; assurance; certainty. J. H. Newman.

CERULE
Cer"ule, a. Etym: [L. caerulus, eguiv. to caeruleus.]

Defn: Blue; cerulean. [Obs.] Dyer.

CERULEAN
Ce*ru"le*an, a. Etym: [L. caeruleus.]

Defn: Sky-colored; blue; azure. Cowper.
Blue, blue, as if that sky let fall
A flower from its cerulean wall. Bryant.

CERULEIN
Ce*ru"le*in, n. [L. caeruleus sky-blue.] (Chem.)

Defn: A fast dyestuff, C20H8O6, made by heating gallein with strong
sulphuric acid. It dyes mordanted fabrics green.

CERULEOUS
Ce*ru"le*ous, a.

Defn: Cerulean. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

CERULESCENT
Ce`ru*les"cent, a. [L. caeruleus sky-blue + -escent.]

Defn: Tending to cerulean; light bluish.

CERULEUM
Ce*ru"le*um, n. [NL.]

Defn: A greenish blue pigment prepared in various ways, consisting
essentially of cobalt stannate. Unlike other cobalt blues, it does
not change color by gaslight.

CERULIFIC
Cer`u*lif"ic, a. Etym: [L.arulus dark blue + facere to make.]

Defn: Producing a blue or sky color. [R.]

CERUMEN
Ce*ru"men, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. cera wax.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The yellow, waxlike secretion from the glands of the external
ear; the earwax.

CERUMINOUS
Ce*ru"mi*nous, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or secreting, cerumen; as, the ceruminous
glands.

CERUSE
Ce"ruse, n. Etym: [F. céruse, L. cerussa.]

1. White lead, used as a pigment. See White lead, under White.

2. A cosmetic containing white lead.
To distinguish ceruse from natural bloom. Macaulay.

3. (Min.)

Defn: The native carbonate of lead.

CERUSED
Ce"rused, a.

Defn: Washed with a preparation of white lead; as, cerused face.
Beau. & Fl.

CERUSITE; CERUSSITE
Ce"ru*site, Ce"rus*site, n. (Min.)

Defn: Native lead carbonate; a mineral occurring in colorless, white,
or yellowish transparent crystals, with an adamantine, also massive
and compact.

CERVANTITE
Cer"van*tite, n. Etym: [Named from Cervantes a town in Spain.] (Min.)

Defn: See under Antimony.

CERVELAT
Cer"ve*lat, n. Etym: [F.] (Mus.)

Defn: An ancient wind instrument, resembling the bassoon in tone.

CERVICAL
Cer"vi*cal, a. Etym: [L. cervix, -icis, neck: cf. F. cervical.]
(Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the neck; as, the cervical vertebræ.

CERVICIDE
Cer"vi*cide, n. Etym: [L. cervus deer + caedere to kill.]

Defn: The act of killing deer; deer-slaying. [R.]

CERVINE
Cer"vine, a. Etym: [L. cervinus, fr. cervus deer: cf. F. cervin.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the deer, or to the family Cervidæ.

CERVIX
Cer"vix, n.; pl. E. Cervixes, L. Cervices. Etym: [L.] (Anat.)

Defn: The neck; also, the necklike portion of any part, as of the
womb. See Illust. of Bird.

CERVUS
Cer"vus, n. Etym: [L., a deer.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of ruminants, including the red deer and other allied
species.

Note: Formerly all species of deer were included in the genus Cervus.

CERYL
Ce"ryl, n. Etym: [L. cera wax + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A radical, C27H55 supposed to exist in several compounds
obtained from Chinese wax, beeswax, etc.

CESAREAN; CESARIAN
Ce*sa"re*an, Ce*sa"ri*an, a.

Defn: Same as Cæsarean, Cæsarian.

CESARISM
Ce"sar*ism, n.

Defn: See Cæsarism.

CESPITINE
Ces"pi*tine, n. Etym: [L. caespes, caespitis, a turf.]

Defn: An oil obtained by distillation of peat, and containing various
members of the pyridine series.

CESPITITIOUS
Ces"pi*ti`tious, a. Etym: [L. caespiticius, fr. caespes turf.]

Defn: Same as Cespitious. [R.] Gough.

CESPITOSE
Ces"pi*tose`, a. Etym: [L. caespes turf.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form a piece of turf, i. e., many stems from one
rootstock or from many entangled rootstocks or roots. [Written also
cæspitose.]

CESPITOUS
Ces"pi*tous, a. Etym: [See Cespitose.]

Defn: Pertaining to, consisting, of resembling, turf; turfy.
A cespitous or turfy plant has many stems from the same root, usually
forming a close, thick carpet of matting. Martyn.

CESS
Cess, n. Etym: [For sess, conts. from Assess.]

1. A rate or tax. [Obs. or Prof. Eng. & Scot.] Spenser.

2. Bound; measure. [Obs.]
The poor jade is wrung in the withers out of all cess. Shak.

CESS
Cess, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cessed; p. pr. & vb. n. Cessing.]

Defn: To rate; to tax; to assess. Spenser.

CESS
Cess, v. i. Etym: [F. cesser. See Cease.]

Defn: To cease; to neglect. [Obs.] Spenser.

CESSANT
Ces"sant a. Etym: [L. cessans, p. pr. of cessare. See Cease.]

Defn: Inactive; dormant [Obs.] W. Montagu.

CESSATION
Ces*sa"tion, n. Etym: [F. cessation, L. cessatio, fr. cessare. See
Cease.]

Defn: A ceasing of discontinuance, as of action, whether termporary
or final; a stop; as, a cessation of the war.
The temporary cessation of the papal iniquities. Motley.
The day was yearly observed for a festival by cessation from labor.
Sir J. Hayward.
Cessation of arms (Mil.), an armistice, or truce, agreed to by the
commanders of armies, to give time for a capitulation, or for other
purposes.

Syn.
 -- Stop; rest; stay; pause; discontinuance; intermission; interval;
respite; interruption; recess; remission.

CESSAVIT
Ces*sa"vit, n. Etym: [L., he has ceased.] [O. Eng. Law]

Defn: A writ given by statute to recover lands when the tenant has
for two years failed to perform the conditions of his tenure.

CESSER
Ces"ser, n. Etym: [From Cess, v. i.] (Law)

Defn: a neglect of a tenant to perform services, or make payment, for
two years.

CESSIBLE
Ces"si*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. cessible. See Cession.]

Defn: Giving way; yielding. [Obs.] -- Ces`si*bil"i*ty, n. [Obs.] Sir
K. Digby.

CESSION
Ces"sion, n. Etym: [L. cessio, fr. cedere to give way: cf. F.
Cession. See Cede.]

1. A yielding to physical force. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. Concession; compliance. [Obs.]

3. A yielding, or surrender, as of property or rights, to another
person; the act of ceding.
A cession of the island of New Orleans. Bancroft.

4. (Eccl. Law)

Defn: The giving up or vacating a benefice by accepting another
without a proper dispensation.

5. (Civil Law)

Defn: The voluntary surrender of a person's effects to his creditors
to avoid imprisonment.

CESSIONARY
Ces"sion*a*ry, a. Etym: [LL. cessionarius, from cessionare to cede,
fr. L. cessio: cf. F. cessionnaire. See Cession.]

Defn: Having surrendered the effects; as, a cessionary bankrupt.
Martin.

CESSMENT
Cess"ment, n. Etym: [From Cess, v. t.]

Defn: An assessment or tax. [Obs.] Johnson.

CESSOR
Ces"sor, n. Etym: [From Cess, v. i. Cf. Cesser.] (Law)

Defn: One who neglects, for two years, to perform the service by
which he holds lands, so that he incurs the danger of the writ of
cessavit. See Cessavit. Cowell.

CESSOR
Ces"sor, n. Etym: [From Cess, v. t.]

Defn: An assessor. [Obs.]

CESSPIPE
Cess`pipe", n.

Defn: A pipe for carrying off waste water, etc., from a sink or
cesspool. Knight.

CESSPOOL
Cess"pool`, n. Etym: [See Sesspol.]

Defn: A cistern in the course, or the termination, of a drain, to
collect sedimentary or superfluous matter; a privy vault; any
receptace of filth. [Written also sesspool.]

CEST
Cest, n. Etym: [L. cestus: cf. OF. ceste.]

Defn: A woman's girdle; a cestus. [R.] Collins.

CESTODE
Ces"tode, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Cestoidea.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Cestoidea.

CESTOID
Ces"toid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Cestoidea.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Cestoidea.

CESTOIDEA
Ces*toid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., gr. Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of parasitic worms (Platelminthes) of which the
tapeworms are the most common examples. The body is flattened, and
usually but not always long, and composed of numerous joints or
segments, each of which may contain a complete set of male and female
reproductive organs. They have neither mouth nor intestine. See
Tapeworm. [Written also Cestoda.]

CESTOLDEAN
Ces*told"e*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Cestoidea.

CESTRACIONT
Ces*tra"ci*ont, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shark of the genus Cestracion, and of related genera. The
posterior teeth form a pavement of bony plates for crushing
shellfish. Most of the species are extinct. The Port Jackson shark
and a similar one found in California are living examples.

CESTRACIONT
Ces*tra"ci*ont, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the genus Cestracion.

CESTUS
Ces"tus, n. Etym: [L. cestus girdle, Gr.

1. (Antiq.)

Defn: A girdle; particularly that of Aphrodite (or Venus) which gave
the wearer the power of exciting love.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Ctenophora. The typical species (Cestus Veneris) is
remarkable for its brilliant iridescent colors, and its long,
girdlelike form.

CESTUS
Ces"tus, n. Etym: [L. caestus, and cestus.] (Antiq.)

Defn: A covering for the hands of boxers, made of leather bands, and
often loaded with lead or iron.

CESTUY; CESTUI
Ces"tuy or Ces"tui, pron. Etym: [Norm. F.] (Law)

Defn: He; the one. Cestuy que trust ( Etym: [norm. F.], a person who
has the equitable and beneficial interest in property, the legal
interest in which is vested in a trustee. Wharton.
 -- Cestuy que use ( Etym: [Norm. F.], a person for whose use land,
etc., is granted to another.

CESURA
Ce*su"ra, n.

Defn: See Cæsura.

CESURAL
Ce*su"ral, a.

Defn: See Cæsural.

CETACEA
Ce*ta"ce*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. cetus whale, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of marine mammals, including the whales. Like ordinary
mammals they breathe by means of lungs, and bring forth living young
which they suckle for some time. The anterior limbs are changed to
paddles; the tail flukes are horizontal. There are two living
suborders: (a) The Mysticete or whalebone whales, having no true
teeth after birth, but with a series of plates of whalebone [see
Baleen.] hanging down from the upper jaw on each side, thus making a
strainer, through which they receive the small animals upon which
they feed. (b) The Denticete, including the dolphins and sperm whale,
which have teeth. Another suborder (Zeuglodontia) is extinct. The
Sirenia were formerly included in the Cetacea, but are now made a
separate order.

CETACEAN
Ce*ta"cean, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Cetacea.

CETACEOUS
Ce*ta"ceous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Cetacea.

CETE
Ce"te, n. Etym: [L., pl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Cetacea, or collectively, the Cetacea.

CETENE
Ce"tene, n. Etym: [See Cete.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oily hydrocarbon, C16H32, of the ethylene series, obtained
from spermaceti.

CETERACH
Cet"e*rach, n. Etym: [F. cétérac, fr. Ar. shetrak.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of fern with fronds (Asplenium Ceterach).

CETEWALE
Cet"e*wale, n. Etym: [OF. citoal, F. zedoaire. See Zedoary.]

Defn: Same as Zedoary. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CETIC
Ce"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a whale.

CETIN
Ce"tin, n. Etym: [L. cetus whale.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, waxy substance, forming the essential part of
spermaceti.

CETOLOGICAL
Ce`to*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to cetology.

CETOLOGIST
Ce*tol"o*gist, a.

Defn: One versed in cetology.

CETOLOGY
Ce*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. cétologie.]

Defn: The description or natural history of cetaceous animals.

CETRARIC
Ce*trar"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the lichen, Iceland moss
(Cetaria Islandica). Cetraric acid. See Cetrarin.

CETRARIN
Cet"ra*rin, n. Etym: [From Cetraria Islandica, the scientific name of
Iceland moss.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white substance extracted from the lichen, Iceland moss
(Cetraria Islandica). It consists of several ingredients, among which
is cetraric acid, a white, crystalline, bitter substance.

CETYL
Ce"tyl, n. Etym: [Gr. -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A radical, C16H33, not yet isolated, but supposed to exist in a
series of compounds homologous with the ethyl compounds, and derived
from spermaceti.

CETYLIC
Ce*tyl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, spermaceti. Cetylic alcohol
(Chem.), a white, waxy, crystalline solid, obtained from spermaceti,
and regarded as homologous with ordinary, or ethyl, alcohol; ethal; -
- called also cetyl alcohol.

CEYLANITE
Cey"lan*ite, n. Etym: [F., fr. Ceylan Ceylon.] (Min.)

Defn: A dingy blue, or grayish black, variety of spinel. It is also
called pleonaste. [Written also ceylonite.]

CEYLONESE
Cey`lon*ese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Ceylon.
 -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or natives of Ceylon.

C.G.S.
C.G.S.

Defn: An abbreviation for Centimeter, Gram, Second.
 -- applied to a system of units much empoyed in physical science,
based upon the centimeter as the unit of length, the gram as the unit
of weight or mass, and the second as the unit of time.

C. G. S.
C. G. S.

Defn: An abbreviation for Centimeter, Gram, Second. -- applied to a
system of units much employed in physical science, based upon the
centimeter as the unit of length, the gram as the unit of weight or
mass, and the second as the unit of time.

C. G. T.
C. G. T.

Defn:  An abbreviation for Confédération Générale du Travail (the
French syndicalist labor union).

CHA
Cha (chä), n. [Chin. ch"a.] [Also chaa, chais, tsia, etc.]

Defn: Tea; -- the Chinese (Mandarin) name, used generally in early
works of travel, and now for a kind of rolled tea used in Central
Asia.

A pot with hot water . . . made with the powder of a certain herb
called chaa, which is much esteemed.
Tr. J. Van Linschoten's Voyages (1598).

CHAB
Chab, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The red-bellied wood pecker (Melanerpes Carolinus).

CHABASITE; CABAZITE
Chab"a*site, Cab"a*zite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occuring in glassy rhombohedral crystals, varying, in
color from white to yellow or red. It is essentially a hydrous
silicate of alumina and lime. Called also chabasie.

CHABLIS
Cha*blis", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A white wine made near Chablis, a town in France.

CHABOUK; CHABUK
Cha*bouk", Cha*buk", n. Etym: [Hind. chabuk horsewhip.]

Defn: A long whip, such as is used in the East in the infliction of
punishment. Balfour.

CHACE
Chace, n.

Defn: See 3d Chase, n., 3.

CHACE
Chace, v. t.

Defn: To pursue. See Chase v. t.

CHACHALACA
Cha`cha*la"ca, n. Etym: [Native name, prob. given in imitation of its
cry.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The texan guan (Ortalis vetula). [written also chiacalaca.]

CHACMA
Chac"ma, n. Etym: [Native name.]

Defn: A large species of African baboon (Cynocephalus porcarius); --
called also ursine baboon.

Note: [See Illust. of Baboon.]

CHACONNE
Cha*conne", n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. chacona.] (Mus.)

Defn: An old Spanish dance in moderate three-four measure, like the
Passacaglia, which is slower. Both are used by classical composers as
themes for variations.

CHAD
Chad, n.

Defn: See Shad. [Obs.]

CHAETETES
Chæ*te"tes, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fossil corals, common in the lower Silurian
limestones.

CHAETIFEROUS
Chæ*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. -ferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Bearing setæ.

CHAETODONT
Chæ"to*dont, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine fish of the family Chætodontidæ. The chætodonts have
broad, compressed bodies, and usually bright colors.

CHAETODONT
Chæto*dont, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Chætodonts or the family Chætodontidæ.

CHAETOGNATH
Chæ"tog*nath, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Chætognatha.

CHAETOGNATHA
Chæ*tog"na*tha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl)

Defn: An order of free-swimming marine worms, of which the genus
Sagitta is the type. They have groups of curved spines on each side
of the head.

CHAETOPOD
Chæ"to*pod, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Chætopoda.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Chætopoda.

CHAETOPODA
Chæ*top"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very extensive order of Annelida, characterized by the
presence of lateral setæ, or spines, on most or all of the segments.
They are divided into two principal groups: Oligochæta, including the
earthworms and allied forms, and Polychæta, including most of the
marine species.

CHAETOTAXY
Chæ"to*tax`y, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The arrangement of bristles on an insect.

CHAFE
Chafe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chafed; p pr. & vb. n. Chafing.] Etym:
[OE. chaufen to warm, OF. chaufer, F. chauffer, fr. L. calefacere,
calfacere, to make warm; calere to be warm + facere to make. See
Caldron.]

1. To ecxite heat in by friction; to rub in order to stimulate and
make warm.
To rub her temples, and to chafe her skin. Spenser.

2. To excite passion or anger in; to fret; to irritate.
Her intercession chafed him. Shak.

3. To fret and wear by rubbing; as, to chafe a cable.
Two slips of parchment which she sewed round it to prevent its being
chafed. Sir W. Scott.

Syn.
 -- To rub; fret; gall; vex; excite; inflame.

CHAFE
Chafe, v. i.

Defn: To rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by
friction.
Made its great boughs chafe together. Longfellow.
The troubled Tiber chafing with her shores. Shak.

2. To be worn by rubbing; as, a cable chafes.

3. To have a feeling of vexation; to be vexed; to fret; to be
irritated. Spenser.
He will chafe at the doctor's marrying my daughter. Shak.

CHAFE
Chafe, n.

1. Heat excited by friction.

2. Injury or wear caused by friction.

3. Vexation; irritation of mind; rage.
The cardinal in a chafe sent for him to Whitehall. Camden.

CHAFER
Chaf"er, n.

1. One who chafes.

2. A vessel for heating water; -- hence, a dish or pan.
A chafer of water to cool the ends of the irons. Baker.

CHAFER
Chaf"er, n. Etym: [AS. ceafor; akin to D. kever, G këfer.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of beetle; the cockchafer. The name is also applied to
other species; as, the rose chafer.

CHAFERY
Chaf"er*y, n. Etym: [See Chafe, v. t.] (Iron Works)

Defn: An open furnace or forge, in which blooms are heated before
being wrought into bars.

CHAFEWAX; CHAFFWAX
Chafe"wax`, or Chaff"wax`, n. (Eng. Law)

Defn: Formerly a chancery officer who fitted wax for sealing writs
and other documents.

CHAFEWEED
Chafe"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The cudweed (Gnaphalium), used to prevent or cure chafing.

CHAFF
Chaff, n. Etym: [AC. ceaf; akin to D. kaf, G. kaff.]

1. The glumes or husks of grains and grasses separated from the seed
by threshing and winnowing, etc.
So take the corn and leave the chaff behind. Dryden.
Old birds are not caught with caff. Old Proverb.

2. Anything of a comparatively light and worthless character; the
refuse part of anything.
The chaff and ruin of the times. Shak.

3. Straw or hay cut up fine for the food of cattle.
By adding chaff to his corn, the horse must take more time to eat it.
In this way chaff is very useful. Ywatt.

4. Light jesting talk; banter; raillery.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: The scales or bracts on the receptacle, which subtend each
flower in the heads of many Compositæ, as the sunflower. Gray. Chaff
cutter, a machine for cutting, up straw, etc., into "chaff" for the
use of cattle.

CHAFF
Chaff, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chaffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Chaffing.]

Defn: To use light, idle lagnguage by way of fun or ridicule; to
banter.

CHAFF
Chaff, v. t.

Defn: To make fun of; to turn into ridicule by addressing in ironical
or bantering language; to quiz.
Morgan saw that his master was chaffing him. Thackeray.
A dozen honest fellows . . . chaffed each other about their
sweethearts. C. Kingsley.

CHAFFER
Chaff"er, n.

Defn: One who chaffs.

CHAFFER
Chaf"fer, n. Etym: [OE. chaffare, cheapfare; AS. ceáp a bargain,
price + faru a journey; hence, originally, a going to barain, to
market. See Cheap, and Fare.]

Defn: Bargaining; merchandise. [Obs.] Holished.

CHAFFER
Chaf"fer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chaffered; p. pr. & vb. n. Chaffering.]
Etym: [OE. chaffaren, fr. chaffare, chapfare, cheapfare, a
bargaining. See Chaffer, n.]

1. To treat or dispute about a purchase; to bargain; to haggle or
higgle; to negotiate.
To chaffer for preferments with his gold. Dryden.

2. To talk much and idly; to chatter. Trench.

CHAFFER
Chaf"fer, v. t.

1. To buy or sell; to trade in.
He chaffered chairs in which churchmen were set. Spenser.

2. To exchange; to bandy, as words. Spenser.

CHAFFERER
Chaf"fer*er, n.

Defn: One who chaffers; a bargainer.

CHAFFERN
Chaf"fern, n. Etym: [See Chafe, v. t.]

Defn: A vessel for heating water. [Obs.] Johnson.

CHAFFERY
Chaf"fer*y, n.

Defn: Traffic; bargaining. [Obs.] Spenser.

CHAFFINCH
Chaf"finch, n. Etym: [Cf. Chiff-chaff.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of Europe (Fringilla coelebs), having a variety of very
sweet songs, and highly valued as a cage bird; -- called also copper
finch.

CHAFFING
Chaff"ing, n.

Defn: The use of light, frivolous language by way of fun or ridicule;
raillery; banter.

CHAFFLESS
Chaff"less, a.

Defn: Without chaff.

CHAFFY
Chaff"y, a.

1. Abounding in, or resembling, chaff.
Chaffy grain beneath the thresher's flail. Coleridge.

2. Light or worthless as chaff.
Slight and chaffy opinion. Glanvill.

3. (Bot.)
(a) Resembling chaff; composed of light dry scales.
(b) Bearing or covered with dry scales, as the under surface of
certain ferns, or the disk of some composite flowers.

CHAFING
Chaf"ing, n. Etym: [See Chafe, v. t.]

Defn: The act of rubbing, or wearing by friction; making by rubbing.
Chafing dish, a dish or vessel for cooking on the table, or for
keeping food warm, either by coals, by a lamp, or by hot water; a
portable grate for coals.
 -- Chafing gear (Naut.), any material used to protect sails,
rigging, or the like, at points where they are exposed to friction.

CHAGREEN
Cha*green", n.

Defn: See Shagreen.

CHAGRES FEVER
Cha"gres fe"ver. (Med.)

Defn: A form of malarial fever occurring along the Chagres River,
Panama.

CHAGRIN
Cha*grin", n. Etym: [F., fr. chagrin shagreen, a particular kind of
rough and grained leather; also a rough fishskin used for graters and
files; hence (Fig.), a gnawing, corroding grief. See Shagreen.]

Defn: Vexation; mortification.
I must own that I felt rather vexation and chagrin than hope and
satisfaction. Richard Porson.
Hear me, and touch Belinda with chagrin. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Vexation; mortification; peevishness; fretfulness; disgust;
disquiet. Chagrin, Vexation, Mortification. These words agree in the
general sense of pain produced by untoward circumstances. Vexation is
a feeling of disquietude or irritating uneasiness from numerous
causes, such as losses, disappointments, etc. Mortification is a
stronger word, and denotes that keen sense of pain which results fron
wounded pride or humiliating occurrences. Chagrin is literally the
cutting pain produced by the friction of Shagreen leather; in its
figurative sense, it varies in meaning, denoting in its lower degrees
simply a state of vexation, and its higher degrees the keenest sense
of mortification. "Vexation arises chiefly fron our wishes and views
being crossed: mortification, from our self-importance being hurt;
chagrin, from a mixture of the two." Crabb.

CHAGRIN
Cha*grin", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chagrined; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chargrining.] Etym: [Cf. F. chagriner See Chagrin, n.]

Defn: To excite ill-humor in; to vex; to mortify; as, he was not a
little chagrined.

CHAGRIN
Cha*grin", v. i.

Defn: To be vexed or annoyed. Fielding.

CHAGRIN
Cha*grin", a.

Defn: Chagrined. Dryden.

CHAIN
Chain, n. Etym: [F. chaîne, fr. L. catena. Cf. Catenate.]

1. A series of links or rings, usually of metal, connected, or fitted
into one another, used for various purposes, as of support, of
restraint, of ornament, of the exertion and transmission of
mechanical power, etc.
[They] put a chain of gold about his neck. Dan. v. 29.

2. That which confines, fetters, or secures, as a chain; a bond; as,
the chains of habit.
Driven down To chains of darkness and the undying worm. Milton.

3. A series of things linked together; or a series of things
connected and following each other in succession; as, a chain of
mountains; a chain of events or ideas.

4. (Surv.)

Defn: An instrument which consists of links and is used in measuring
land.

Note: One commonly in use is Gunter's chain, which consists of one
hundred links, each link being seven inches and ninety-two one
hundredths in length; making up the total length of rods, or sixty-
six, feet; hence, a measure of that length; hence, also, a unit for
land measure equal to four rods square, or one tenth of an acre.

5. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: Iron links bolted to the side of a vessel to bold the dead-eyes
connected with the shrouds; also, the channels.

6. (Weaving)

Defn: The warp threads of a web. Knight. Chain belt (Mach.), a belt
made of a chain; -- used for transmitting power.
 -- Chain boat, a boat fitted up for recovering lost cables, anchors,
etc.
 -- Chain bolt (a) (Naut.) The bolt at the lower end of the chain
plate, which fastens it to the vessel's side. (b) A bolt with a chain
attached for drawing it out of position.
 -- Chain bond. See Chain timber.
 -- Chain bridge, a bridge supported by chain cables; a suspension
bridge.
 -- Chain cable, a cable made of iron links.
 -- Chain coral (Zoöl.), a fossil coral of the genus Halysites,
common in the middle and upper Silurian rocks. The tubular corallites
are united side by side in groups, looking in an end view like links
of a chain. When perfect, the calicles show twelve septa.
 -- Chain coupling. (a) A shackle for uniting lengths of chain, or
connecting a chain with an object. (b) (Railroad) Supplementary
coupling together of cars with a chain.
 -- Chain gang, a gang of convicts chained together.
 -- Chain hook (Naut.), a hook, used for dragging cables about the
deck.
 -- Chain mail, flexible, defensive armor of hammered metal links
wrought into the form of a garment.
 -- Chain molding (Arch.), a form of molding in imitation of a chain,
used in the Normal style.
 -- Chain pier, a pier suspended by chain.
 -- Chain pipe (Naut.), an opening in the deck, lined with iron,
through which the cable is passed into the lockers or tiers.
 -- Chain plate (Shipbuilding), one of the iron plates or bands, on a
vessel's side, to which the standing rigging is fastened.
 -- Chain pulley, a pulley with depressions in the periphery of its
wheel, or projections from it, made to fit the links of a chain.
 -- Chain pumps. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Chain rule (Arith.), a theorem for solving numerical problems by
composition of ratios, or compound proportion, by which, when several
ratios of equality are given, the consequent of each being the same
as the antecedent of the next, the relation between the first
antecedent and the last consequent is discovered.
 -- Chain shot (Mil.), two cannon balls united by a shot chain,
formerly used in naval warfare on account of their destructive effect
on a ship's rigging.
 -- Chain stitch. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Chain timber. (Arch.) See Bond timber, under Bond.
 -- Chain wales. (Naut.) Same as Channels.
 -- Chain wheel. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Closed chain, Open chain (Chem.), terms applied to the chemical
structure of compounds whose rational formulæ are written
respectively in the form of a closed ring (see Benzene nucleus, under
Benzene), or in an open extended form.
 -- Endless chain, a chain whose ends have been united by a link.

CHAIN
Chain, v. t. [imp. p. p. Chained (chand); p. pr. & vb. n. Chaining.]

1. To fasten, bind, or connect with a chain; to fasten or bind
securely, as with a chain; as, to chain a bulldog.
Chained behind the hostile car. Prior.

2. To keep in slavery; to enslave.
And which more blest who chained his country, say Or he whose virtue
sighed to lose a day Pope.

3. To unite closely and strongly.
And in this vow do chain my soul to thine. Shak.

4. (Surveying)

Defn: To measure with the chain.

5. To protect by drawing a chain across, as a harbor.

CHAINLESS
Chain"less, a.

Defn: Having no chain; not restrained or fettered. "The chainless
mind." Byron.

CHAINLET
Chain"let, n.

Defn: A small chain. Sir W. Scott.

CHAIN PUMP
Chain" pump`.

Defn: A pump consisting of an endless chain, running over a drum or
wheel by which it is moved, and dipping below the water to be raised.
The chain has at intervals disks or lifts which fit the tube through
which the ascending part passes and carry the water to the point of
discharge.

CHAIN STITCH
Chain" stitch`.

1. An ornamental stitch like the links of a chain; -- used in
crocheting, sewing, and embroidery.

2. (Machine Sewing)

Defn: A stitch in which the looping of the thread or threads forms a
chain on the under side of the work; the loop stitch, as
distinguished from the lock stitch. See Stitch.

CHAIN TIE
Chain tie. (Arch.)

Defn: A tie consisting of a series of connected iron bars or rods.

CHAIN WHEEL
Chain" wheel`.

1. A chain pulley, or sprocket wheel.

2. An inversion of the chain pump, by which it becomes a motor driven
by water.

CHAINWORK
Chain"work`, n.

Defn: Work looped or linked after the manner of a chain; chain stitch
work.

CHAIR
Chair, n. Etym: [OE. chaiere, chaere, OF. chaiere, chaere, F. chaire
pulpit, fr. L. cathedra chair, armchair, a teacher's or professor's
chair, Gr. sit. See Sit, and cf. Cathedral, chaise.]

1. A movable single seat with a back.

2. An official seat, as of a chief magistrate or a judge, but esp.
that of a professor; hence, the office itself.
The chair of a philosophical school. Whewell.
A chair of philology. M. Arnold.

3. The presiding officer of an assembly; a chairman; as, to address
the chair.

4. A vehicle for one person; either a sedan borne upon poles, or two-
wheeled carriage, drawn by one horse; a gig. Shak.
Think what an equipage thou hast in air, And view with scorn two
pages and a chair. Pope.

5. An iron blok used on railways to support the rails and secure them
to the sleepers. Chair days, days of repose and age.
 -- To put into the chair, to elect as president, or as chairman of a
meeting. Macaulay.
 -- To take the chair, to assume the position of president, or of
chairman of a meeting.

CHAIR
Chair, v. t. [imp. & p. pr. Chaired; p. pr. & vb. n. Chairing.]

1. To place in a chair.

2. To carry publicly in a chair in triumph. [Eng.]

CHAIRMAN
Chair"man, n.; pl. Chairmen (.

1. The presiding officer of a committee, or of a public or private
meeting, or of any organized body.

2. One whose business it is to cary a chair or sedan.
Breaks watchmen's heads and chairmen's glasses. Prior.

CHAIRMANSHIP
Chair"man*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a chairman of a meeting or organized body.

CHAISE
Chaise, n. Etym: [F. chaise seat, or chair, chaise or carriage, for
chaire, from a peculiar Parisian pronunciation. See Chair.]

1. A two-wheeled carriage for two persons, with a calash top, and the
body hung on leather straps, or thoroughbraces. It is usually drawn
by one horse.

2. Loosely,

Defn: a carriage in general. Cowper.

CHAJA
Cha"ja, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crested screamer of Brazil (Palamedea, or Chauna,
chavaria), so called in imitation of its notes; -- called also
chauna, and faithful kamichi. It is often domesticated and is useful
in guarding other poultry. See Kamichi.

CHAK
Chak, v. i.

Defn: To toss up the head frequently, as a horse to avoid the
restraint of the bridle.

CHALAZA
Cha*la"za, n.; pl. E. Chalazas, L. Chalazæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The place on an ovule, or seed, where its outer coats cohere
with each other and the nucleus.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A spiral band of thickened albuminous substance which exists in
the white of the bird's egg, and serves to maintain the yolk in its
position; the treadle.

CHALAZAL
Cha*la"zal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the chalaza.

CHALAZE
Cha*laze", n.

Defn: Same as Chalaza.

CHALAZIFEROUS
Chal`a*zif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Chalaza + -ferous.]

Defn: Having or bearing chalazas.

CHALAZION
Cha*la"zi*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A small circumscribed tumor of the eyelid caused by retention
of secretion, and by inflammation of the Melbomian glands.

CHALAZOGAMY
Chal`a*zog"a*my, n.  [Chalaza + -gamy, as in polygamy.] (Bot.)

Defn: A process of fecundation in which the pollen tube penetrates to
the embryosac through the tissue of the chalaza, instead of entering
through the micropyle. It was originally discovered by Treub in
Casuarina, and has since been found to occur regularly in the
families Betulaceæ and Juglandaceæ. Partial chalazogamy is found in
Ulmus, the tube here penetrating the nucleus midway between the
chalaza and micropyle. --Chal`a*zo*gam"ic (#), a.

CHALCANTHITE
Chal*can"thite, n. Etym: [L. chalcanthum a solution of blue vitriol,
Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Native blue vitriol. See Blue vitriol, under Blue.

CHALCEDONIC
Chal"ce*don"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to chalcedony.

CHALCEDONY
Chal*ced"o*ny, n.; pl. Chalcedonies. Etym: [ L. chalcedonius, fr. Gr.
calcédoine, OE. calcidoine, casidoyne. Cf. Cassidony.] (Min.)

Defn: A cryptocrystalline, translucent variety of quartz, having
usually a whitish color, and a luster nearly like wax. [Written also
calcedony.]

Note: When chalcedony is variegated with with spots or figures, or
arranged in differently colored layers, it is called agate; and if by
reason of the thickness, color, and arrangement of the layers it is
suitable for being carved into cameos, it is called onyx. Chrysoprase
is green chalcedony; carnelian, a flesh red, and sard, a brownish red
variety.

CHALCHIHUITL
Chal`chi*huitl, n. (Min.)

Defn: The Mexican name for turquoise. See Turquoise.

CHALCID FLY
Chal"cid fly`. Etym: [From Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a numerous family of hymenopterous insects (Chalcididæ.
Many are gallflies, others are parasitic on insects.

CHALCIDIAN
Chal*cid"i*an, n. Etym: [L. chalcis a lizard, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tropical family of snakelike lizards (Chalcidæ),
having four small or rudimentary legs.

CHALCOCITE
Chal"co*cite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Native copper sulphide, called also copper glance, and vitreous
copper; a mineral of a black color and metallic luster. [Formerly
written chalcosine.]

CHALCOGRAPHER; CHALCOGRAPHIST
Chal*cog"ra*pher, Chal*cog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: An engraver on copper or brass; hence, an engraver of copper
plates for printing upon paper.

CHALCOGRAPHY
Chal*cog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: The act or art of engraving on copper or brass, especially of
engraving for printing.

CHALCOPYRITE
Chal`co*pyr"ite, n. Etym: [Gr. pyrite. So named from its color.]
(Min.)

Defn: Copper pyrites, or yellow copper ore; a common ore of opper,
containing copper, iron, and sulphur. It occurs massive and in
tetragonal crystals of a bright brass yellow color.

CHALDAIC
Chal*da"ic, a. Etym: [L. Chaldaicus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Chaldes.
 -- n.

Defn: The language or dialect of the Chaldeans; Chaldee.

CHALDAISM
Chal"da*ism, n.

Defn: An idiom or peculiarity in the Chaldee dialect.

CHALDEAN
Chal*de"an, a. Etym: [L. Chaldaeus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Chaldea.
 -- n.
(a) A native or inhabitant of Chaldea.
(b) A learned man, esp. an astrologer; -- so called among the Eastern
nations, because astrology and the kindred arts were much cultivated
by the Chaldeans.
(c) Nestorian.

CHALDEE
Chal"dee, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Chaldea.
 -- n.

Defn: The language or dialect of the Chaldeans; eastern Aramaic, or
the Aramaic used in Chaldea. Chaldee Paraphrase, A targum written in
Aramaic.

CHALDRICH; CHALDER
Chal"drich, Chal"der, n. Etym: [Icel. tjaldr.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of bird; the oyster catcher.

CHALDRON
Chal"dron, n. Etym: [OF. chaldron, F. chaudron kettle. The same word
as caldron.]

Defn: An English dry measure, being, at London, 36 bushels heaped up,
or its equivalent weight, and more than twice as much at Newcastle.
Now used exlusively for coal and coke.

Note: In the United States the chaldron is ordinarily 2,940 lbs, but
at New York it is 2,500 lbs. De Colange.

CHALET
Cha*let", n. Etym: [F.]

1. A herdsman's hut in the mountains of Switzerland.
Chalets are summer huts for the Swiss herdsmen. Wordsworth.

2. A summer cottage or country house in the Swiss mountains; any
country house built in the style of the Swiss cottages.

CHALICE
Chal"ice, n. Etym: [OR. chalis, calice, OF. chalice, calice, F.
calice, fr. L. calix, akin to Gr. helmet. Cf. Calice, Calyx.]

Defn: A cup or bowl; especially, the cup used in the sacrament of the
Lord's Supper.

CHALICED
Chal"iced, a.

Defn: Having a calyx or cup; cupshaped. "Chaliced flowers." Shak.

CHALK
Chalk, n. Etym: [AS. cealc lime, from L. calx limestone. See Calz,
and Cawk.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A soft, earthy substance, of a white, grayish, or yellowish
white color, consisting of calcium carbonate, and having the same
composition as common limestone.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Finely prepared chalk, used as a drawing implement; also, by
extension, a compound, as of clay and black lead, or the like, used
in the same manner. See Crayon. Black chalk, a mineral of a bluish
color, of a slaty texture, and soiling the fingers when handled; a
variety of argillaceous slate.
 -- By a long chalk, by a long way; by many degrees. [Slang] Lowell.
 -- Chalk drawing (Fine Arts), a drawing made with crayons. See
Crayon.
 -- Chalk formation. See Cretaceous formation, under Cretaceous.
 -- Chalk line, a cord rubbed with chalk, used for making straight
lines on boards or other material, as a guide in cutting or in
arranging work.
 -- Chalk mixture, a preparation of chalk, cinnamon, and sugar in gum
water, much used in diarrheal affection, esp. of infants.
 -- Chalk period. (Geol.) See Cretaceous period, under Cretaceous.
 -- Chalk pit, a pit in which chalk is dug.
 -- Drawing chalk. See Crayon, n., 1.
 -- French chalk, steatite or soapstone, a soft magnesian mineral.
 -- Red chalk, an indurated clayey ocher containing iron, and used by
painters and artificers; reddle.

CHALK
Chalk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chalked; p. pr. & vb. n. Chalking.]

1. To rub or mark with chalk.

2. To manure with chalk, as land. Morimer.

3. To make white, as with chalk; to make pale; to bleach. Tennyson.
Let a bleak paleness chalk the door. Herbert.
To chalk out, to sketch with, or as with, chalk; to outline; to
indicate; to plan. [Colloq.] "I shall pursue the plan I have chalked
out." Burke.

CHALKCUTTER
Chalk"cut`ter, n.

Defn: A man who digs chalk.

CHALKINESS
Chalk"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being chalky.

CHALKSTONE
Chalk"stone`, n.

1. A mass of chalk.
As chalkstones . . . beaten in sunder. Isa. xxvii. 9.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A chalklike concretion, consisting mainly of urate of sodium,
found in and about the small joints, in the external ear, and in
other situations, in those affected with gout; a tophus.

CHALKY
Chalk"y, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or resembling, chalk; containing chalk; as, a
chalky cliff; a chalky taste.

CHALLENGE
Chal"lenge, n. Etym: [OE. chalenge claim, accusation, challenge, OF.
chalenge, chalonge, claim, accusation, contest, fr. L. calumnia false
accusation, chicanery. See Calumny.]

1. An invitation to engage in a contest or controversy of any kind; a
defiance; specifically, a summons to fight a duel; also, the letter
or message conveying the summons.
A challenge to controversy. Goldsmith.

2. The act of a sentry in halting any one who appears at his post,
and demanding the countersign.

3. A claim or demand. [Obs.]
There must be no challenge of superiority. Collier.

4. (Hunting)

Defn: The opening and crying of hounds at first finding the scent of
their game.

5. (Law)

Defn: An exception to a juror or to a member of a court martial,
coupled with a demand that he should be held incompetent to act; the
claim of a party that a certain person or persons shall not sit in
trial upon him or his cause. Blackstone

6. An exception to a person as not legally qualifed to vote. The
challenge must be made when the ballot is offered. [U. S.] Challenge
to the array (Law), an exception to the whole panel.
 -- Challenge to the favor, the alleging a special cause, the
sufficiency of which is to be left to those whose duty and office it
is to decide upon it.
 -- Challenge to the polls, an exception taken to any one or more of
the individual jurors returned.
 -- Peremptory challenge, a privilege sometimes allowed to
defendants, of challenging a certain number of jurors (fixed by
statute in different States) without assigning any cause.
 -- Principal challenge, that which the law allows to be sufficient
if found to be true.

CHALLENGE
Chal"lenge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Challenged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Challenging.] Etym: [OE. chalengen to accuse, claim, OF. chalengier,
chalongier, to claim, accuse, dispute, fr. L. calumniar to attack
with false accusations. See Challenge, n., and cf. Calumniate.]

1. To call to a contest of any kind; to call to answer; to defy.
I challenge any man to make any pretense to power by right of
fatherhood. Locke.

2. To call, invite, or summon to answer for an offense by personal
combat.
By this I challenge him to single fight. Shak.

3. To claim as due; to demand as a right.
Challenge better terms. Addison.

4. To censure; to blame. [Obs.]
He complained of the emperors . . . and challenged them for that he
had no greater revenues . . . from them. Holland.

5. (Mil.)

Defn: To question or demand the countersign from (one who attempts to
pass the lines); as, the sentinel challenged us, with "Who comes
there"

6. To take exception to; question; as, to challenge the accuracy of a
statement or of a quotation.

7. (Law)

Defn: To object to or take exception to, as to a juror, or member of
a court.

8. To object to the reception of the vote of, as on the ground that
the person in not qualifed as a voter. [U. S.] To challenge to the
array, favor, polls. See under Challenge, n.

CHALLENGE
Chal"lenge, v. i.

Defn: To assert a right; to claim a place.
Where nature doth with merit challenge. Shak.

CHALLENGEABLE
Chal"lenge*a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be challenged.

CHALLENGER
Chal"len*ger, n.

Defn: One who challenges.

CHALLIS
Chal"lis, n. Etym: [F. chaly, challis, a stuff made of goat's hair.]

Defn: A soft and delicate woolen, or woolen and silk, fabric, for
ladies' dresses. [Written also chally.]

CHALON
Cha"lon, n.

Defn: A bed blanket. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHALYBEAN
Cha*lyb"e*an, a. Etym: [L. chalybeïus, fr. chalybs steel, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to the Chalybes, an ancient people of Pontus in
Asia Minor, celebrated for working in iron and steel.

2. Of superior quality and temper; -- applied to steel. [Obs.]
Milton.

CHALYBEATE
Cha*lyb"e*ate, a. Etym: [NL. chalybeatus, fr. chalubeïus. See
Chalubean.]

Defn: Impregnated with salts of iron; having a taste like iron; as,
chalybeate springs.

CHALYBEATE
Cha*lyb"e*ate, n.

Defn: Any water, liquid, or medicine, into which iron enters as an
ingredient.

CHALYBEOUS
Cha*lyb"e*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Steel blue; of the color of tempered steel.

CHALYBITE
Chal"y*bite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Native iron carbonate; -- usually called siderite.

CHAM
Cham, v. t. Etym: [See Chap.]

Defn: To chew. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Sir T. More.

CHAM
Cham, n. Etym: [See Khan.]

Defn: The sovereign prince of Tartary; -- now usually written khan.
Shak.

CHAMADE
Cha*made, n. Etym: [F. chamade, fr. Pg. chamada, fr. chamar to call,
fr. L. clamare.] (Mil.)

Defn: A signal made for a parley by beat of a drum.
They beat the chamade, and sent us carte blanche. Addison.

CHAMAL
Cha"mal, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Angora goat. See Angora goat, under Angora.

CHAMBER
Cham"ber, n. Etym: [F. chambre, fr. L. camera vault, arched roof, in
LL. chamber, fr. Gr. kmar to be crooked. Cf. Camber, Camera,
Comrade.]

1. A retired room, esp. an upper room used for sleeping; a bedroom;
as, the house had four chambers.

2. pl.

Defn: Apartments in a lodging house. "A bachelor's life in chambers."
Thackeray.

3. A hall, as where a king gives audience, or a deliberative body or
assembly meets; as, presence chamber; senate chamber.

4. A legislative or judicial body; an assembly; a society or
association; as, the Chamber of Deputies; the Chamber of Commerce.

5. A compartment or cell; an inclosed space or cavity; as, the
chamber of a canal lock; the chamber of a furnace; the chamber of the
eye.

6. pl. (Law.)

Defn: A room or rooms where a lawyer transacts business; a room or
rooms where a judge transacts such official business as may be done
out of court.

7. A chamber pot. [Colloq.]

8. (Mil.)
(a) That part of the bore of a piece of ordnance which holds the
charge, esp. when of different diameter from the rest of the bore; --
formerly, in guns, made smaller than the bore, but now larger, esp.
in breech-loading guns.
(b) A cavity in a mine, usually of a cubical form, to contain the
powder.
(c) A short piece of ornance or cannon, which stood on its breech,
without any carriage, formerly used chiefly for rejoicings and
theatrical cannonades. Air chamber. See Air chamber, in the
Vocabulary.
 -- Chamber of commerce, a board or association to protect the
interests of commerce, chosen from among the merchants and traders of
a city.
 -- Chamber council, a secret council. Shak.
 -- Chamber counsel or counselor, a counselor who gives his opinion
in private, or at his chambers, but does not advocate causes in
court.
 -- Chamber fellow, a chamber companion; a roommate; a chum.
 -- Chamber hangings, tapestry or hangings for a chamber.
 -- Chamber lye, urine. Shak.
 -- Chamber music, vocal or instrumental music adapted to performance
in a chamber or small apartment or audience room, instead of a
theater, concert hall, or chuch.
 -- Chamber practice (Law.), the practice of counselors at law, who
give their opinions in private, but do not appear in court.
 -- To sit at chambers, to do business in chambers, as a judge.

CHAMBER
Cham"ber, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chambered; p. pr. & vb. n. Chambering.]

1. To reside in or occupy a chamber or chambers.

2. To be lascivious. [Obs.]

CHAMBER
Cham"ber, v. t.

1. To shut up, as inn a chamber. Shak.

2. To furnish with a chamber; as, to chamber a gun.

CHAMBERED
Cham"bered, a.

Defn: Having a chamber or chambers; as, a chambered shell; a
chambered gun.

CHAMBERER
Cham"ber*er, n.

1. One who attends in a chamber; a chambermaid. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A civilian; a carpetmonger. [Obs.]

CHAMBERING
Cham"ber*ing, n.

Defn: Lewdness. [Obs.] Rom. xiii. 13.

CHAMBERLAIN
Cham"ber*lain, n. Etym: [OF. chamberlain, chambrelencF. chambellon,
OHG. chamerling, chamarlinc, G. kämmerling, kammer chamber (fr. L.
camera) + -ling. See Chamber, and -ling.] [Formerly written
chamberlin.]

1. An officer or servant who has charge of a chamber or chambers.

2. An upper servant of an inn. [Obs.]

3. An officer having the direction and management of the private
chambers of a nobleman or monarch; hence, in Europe, one of the high
officers of a court.

4. A treasurer or receiver of public money; as, the chamberlain of
London, of North Wales, etc. The lord chamberlain of England, an
officer of the crown, who waits upon the sovereign on the day of
coronation, and provides requisites for the palace of Westminster,
and for the House of Lords during the session of Parliament. Under
him are the gentleman of the black rod and other officers. His office
is distinct from that of the lord chamberlain of the Household, whose
functions relate to the royal housekeeping.

CHAMBERLAINSHIP
Cham"ber*lain*ship, n.

Defn: Office if a chamberlain.

CHAMBERMAID
Cham"ber*maid`, n.

1. A maidservant who has the care of chambers, making the beds,
sweeping, cleaning the rooms, etc.

2. A lady's maid. [Obs.] Johnson.

CHAMBERTIN
Cham`ber*tin", n.

Defn: A red wine from Chambertin near Dijon, in Burgundy.

CHAMBRANLE
Cham`bran"le, n. [F.] (Arch.)

Defn: An ornamental bordering or framelike decoration around the
sides and top of a door, window, or fireplace. The top piece is
called the traverse and the side pieces the ascendants.

CHAMBRAY
Cham"bray, n. [From Cambrai, France. Cf. Cambric.]

Defn: A gingham woven in plain colors with linen finish.

CHAMBREL
Cham"brel, n.

Defn: Same as Gambrel.

CHAMECK
Cha*meck", n. Etym: [Native Brazilian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of spider monkey (Ateles chameck), having the thumbs
rudimentary and without a nail.

CHAMELEON
Cha*me"le*on, n. Etym: [L. Chamaeleon, Gr. Humble, and Lion.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lizardlike reptile of the genus Chamæleo, of several species,
found in Africa, Asia, and Europe. The skin is covered with fine
granmulations; the tail is prehensile, and the body is much
compressed laterally, giving it a high back.

Note: Its color changes more or less with the color of the objects
about it, or with its temper when disturbed. In a cool, dark place it
is nearly white, or grayish; on admitting the light, it changes to
brown, bottle-green, or blood red, of various shades, and more or
less mottled in arrangment. The American chameleons belong to Anolis
and allied genera of the family Iguanidæ. They are more slender in
form than the true chameleons, but have the same power of changing
their colors. Chameleon mineral (Chem.), the compound called
potassium permanganate, a dark violet, crystalline substance, KMnO4,
which in formation passes through a peculiar succession of color from
green to blue, purple, red, etc. See Potassium permanganate, under
Potassium.

CHAMELEONIZE
Cha*me"le*on*ize, v. t.

Defn: To change into various colors. [R.]

CHAMFER
Cham"fer, n. Etym: [See Chamfron.]

Defn: The surface formed by cutting away the arris, or angle, formed
by two faces of a piece of timber, stone, etc.

CHAMFER
Cham"fer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chamfered ; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chamfering.(

1. (Carp.)

Defn: To cut a furrow in, as in a column; to groove; to channel; to
flute.

2. To make a chamfer on.

CHAMFRET
Cham"fret, n. Etym: [See Chamfron.]

1. (Carp.)

Defn: A small gutter; a furrow; a groove.

2. A chamfer.

CHAMFRON
Cham"fron, n. Etym: [F. chanfrein.] (Anc. Armor)

Defn: The frontlet, or head armor, of a horse. [Written also
champfrain and chamfrain.]

CHAMISAL
Cha`mi*sal", n. [Amer. Sp., fr. Sp. chamiza a kind of wild cane.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A California rosaceous shrub (Adenostoma fasciculatum) which
often forms an impenetrable chaparral.

2.  A chaparral formed by dense growths of this shrub.

CHAMLET
Cham"let, n.

Defn: See Camlet. [Obs.]

CHAMOIS
Cham"ois, n. Etym: [F. chamois, prob. fr. OG. gamz, G. gemse.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small species of antelope (Rupicapra tragus), living on the
loftiest mountain ridges of Europe, as the Alps, Pyrenees, etc. It
possesses remarkable agility, and is a favorite object of chase.

2. A soft leather made from the skin of the chamois, or from
sheepskin, etc.; -- called also chamois leather, and chammy or shammy
leather. See Shammy.

CHAMOMILE
Cham"o*mile, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Camomile.

CHAMP
Champ, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Champed; p. pr. & vb. n. Champing.] Etym:
[Prob, of Scand. orgin; cf. dial. Sw. kämsa to chew with difficulty,
champ; but cf. also OF. champier, champeyer, champoyer, to graze in
fields, fr. F. champ field, fr. L. campus. Cf. Camp.]

1. To bite with repeated action of the teeth so as to be heard.
Foamed and champed the golden bit. Dryden.

2. To bite into small pieces; to crunch. Steele.

CHAMP
Champ, v. i.

Defn: To bite or chew impatiently.
They began . . . irefully to champ upon the bit. Hooker.

CHAMP; CHAMPE
Champ, Champe, n. Etym: [F. champ, L. campus field.] (Arch.)

Defn: The field or ground on which carving appears in relief.

CHAMPAGNE
Cham*pagne", n. Etym: [F. See Champaign.]

Defn: A light wine, of several kinds, originally made in the province
of Champagne, in France.

Note: Champagne properly includes several kinds not only of sparkling
but off still wines; but in America the term is usually restricted to
wines which effervesce.

CHAMPAIGN
Cham*paign", n. Etym: [OF. champaigne; same word as campagne.]

Defn: A flat, open country.
Fair champaign, with less rivers interveined. Milton.
Through Apline vale or champaign wide. Wordsworth.

CHAMPAIGN
Cham*paign", a.

Defn: Flat; open; level.
A wide, champaign country, filled with herds. Addison.

CHAMPER
Champ"er, n.

Defn: One who champs, or bites.

CHAMPERTOR
Cham"per*tor, n. Etym: [F. champarteur a divider of fields or field
rent. See Champerty.] (Law)

Defn: One guilty of champerty; one who purchases a suit, or the right
of suing, and carries it on at his own expense, in order to obtain a
share of the gain.

CHAMPERTY
Cham"per*ty, n. Etym: [F. champart field rent, L. campipars; champ
(L. campus) field + part (L. pars) share.]

1. Partnership in power; equal share of authority. [Obs.]
Beauté ne sleighte, strengthe ne hardyness, Ne may with Venus holde
champartye. Chaucer.

2. (Law)

Defn: The prosecution or defense of a suit, whether by furnishing
money or personal services, by one who has no legitimate concern
therein, in consideration of an agreement that he shall receive, in
the event of success, a share of the matter in suit; maintenance with
the addition of an agreement to divide the thing in suit. See
Maintenance.

Note: By many authorities champerty is defined as an agreement of
this nature. From early times the offence of champerty has been
forbidden and punishable.

CHAMPIGNON
Cham*pi"gnon, n. Etym: [F., a mushroom, ultimately fr. L. campus
field. See Camp.] (Bot.)

Defn: An edible species of mushroom (Agaricus campestris). Fairy ring
champignon, the Marasmius oreades, which has a strong flavor but is
edible.

CHAMPION
Cham"pi*on, n. Etym: [F. champion, fr. LL.campio, of German origin;
cf. OHG. chempho, chemphio, fighter, champf, G. kampf, contest; perh.
influenced by L. campus field, taken in the sense of "field of
battle."]

1. One who engages in any contest; esp. one who in ancient times
contended in single combat in behalf of another's honor or rights; or
one who acts or speaks in behalf of a person or a cause; a defender;
an advocate; a hero.
A stouter champion never handled sword. Shak.
Champions of law and liberty. Fisher Ames.

2. One who by defeating all rivals, has obtained an acknowledged
supremacy in any branch of athetics or game of skill, and is ready to
contend with any rival; as, the champion of England.

Note: Champion is used attributively in the sense of surpassing all
competitors; overmastering; as, champion pugilist; champion chess
player.

Syn.
 -- Leader; chieftain; combatant; hero; warrior; defender; protector.

CHAMPION
Cham"pi*on, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Championed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Championing.] [Obs.] Shak.

2. To furnish with a champion; to attend or defend as champion; to
support or maintain; to protect.
Championed or unchampioned, thou diest. Sir W. Scott.

CHAMPIONNESS
Cham"pi*on*ness, n.

Defn: A female champion. Fairfax.

CHAMPIONSHIP
Cham"pi*on*ship, n.

Defn: State of being champion; leadership; supremancy.

CHAMPLAIN PERIOD
Cham*plain" pe"ri*od. (Geol.)

Defn: A subdivision of the Quaternary age immediately following the
Glacial period; -- so named from beds near Lake Champlain.

Note: The earlier deposits of this period are diluvial in character,
as if formed in connection with floods attending the melting of the
glaciers, while the later deposits are of finer material in more
quiet waters, as the alluvium.

CHAMPLEVE
Champ`le*vé", a. [F., p. p. of champlever to engrave. See 3d Champ,
Camp, Lever a bar.] (Art)

Defn: Having the ground engraved or cut out in the parts to be
enameled; inlaid in depressions made in the ground; -- said of a kind
of enamel work in which depressions made in the surface are filled
with enamel pastes, which are afterward fired; also, designating the
process  of making such enamel work. --n.

Defn: A piece of champlevé enamel; also, the process or art of making
such enamel work; champlevé work.

CHAMSIN
Cham*sin", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Kamsin.

CHANCE
Chance, n. Etym: [F. chance, OF. cheance, fr. LL. cadentia a allusion
to the falling of the dice), fr. L. cadere to fall; akin to Skr. çad
to fall, L. cedere to yield, E. cede. Cf. Cadence.]

1. A supposed material or psychical agent or mode of activity other
than a force, law, or purpose; fortune; fate; -- in this sense often
personifed.
It is strictly and philosophically true in nature and reason that
there is no such thing as chance or accident; it being evident that
these words do not signify anything really existing, anything that is
truly an agent or the cause of any event; but they signify merely
men's ignorance of the real and immediate cause. Samuel Clark.
Any society into which chance might throw him. Macaulay.
That power Which erring men call Chance. Milton.

2. The operation or activity of such agent.
By chance a priest came down that way. Luke x. 31.

3. The supposed effect of such an agent; something that befalls, as
the result of unknown or unconsidered forces; the issue of uncertain
conditions; an event not calculated upon; an unexpected occurrence; a
happening; accident; fortuity; casualty.
It was a chance that happened to us. 1 Sam. vi. 9.
The Knave of Diamonds tries his wily arts, And wins (O shameful
chance!) the Queen of Hearts. Pope.
I spake of most disastrous chance. Shak.

4. A possibity; a likelihood; an opportunity; -- with reference to a
doubtful result; as, a chance result; as, a chance to escape; a
chance for life; the chances are all against him.
So weary with disasters, tugged with fortune. That I would get my
life on any chance, To mend it, or be rid on't Shak.

5. (Math.)

Defn: Probability.

Note: The mathematical expression, of a chance is the ratio of
frequency with which an event happens in the long run. If an event
may happen in a ways and may fail in b ways, and each of these a + b
ways is equally likely, the chance, or probability, that the event
will happen is measured by the fraction a/(a + b), and the chance, or
probability, that it will fail is measured by b/(a + b). Chance
comer, one who, comes unexpectedly.
 -- The last chance, the sole remaining ground of hope.
 -- The main chance, the chief opportunity; that upon which reliance
is had, esp. self-interest.
 -- Theory of chances, Doctrine of chances (Math.), that branch of
mathematics which treats of the probability of the occurrence of
particular events, as the fall of dice in given positions.
 -- To mind one's chances, to take advantage of every circumstance;
to seize every opportunity.

CHANCE
Chance, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chanced; p. pr. & vb. n. Chancing.]

Defn: To happen, come, or arrive, without design or expectation.
"Things that chance daily." Robynson (More's Utopia).
If a bird's nest chance to be before thee. Deut. xxii. 6.
I chanced on this letter. Shak.

Note: Often used impersonally; as, how chances it
How chance, thou art returned so soon Shak.

CHANCE
Chance, v. t.

1. To take the chances of; to venture upon; -- usually with it as
object.
Come what will, I will chance it. W. D. Howells.

2. To befall; to happen to. [Obs.] W. Lambarde.

CHANCE
Chance, a.

Defn: Happening by chance; casual.

CHANCE
Chance, adv.

Defn: By chance; perchance. Gray.

CHANCEABLE
Chance"a*ble, a.

Defn: Fortuitous; casual. [Obs.]

CHANCEABLY
Chance"a*bly, adv.

Defn: By chance. [Obs.]

CHANCEFUL
Chance"ful, a.

Defn: Hazardous. [Obs.] Spenser.

CHANCEL
Chan"cel, n. Etym: [OF. chancel, F. chanceau, cancel, fr. L. cancelli
lattices, crossbars. (The chancel was formerly inclosed with lattices
or crossbars) See Cancel, v. t.] (Arch.)
(a) That part of a church, reserved for the use of the clergy, where
the altar, or communion table, is placed. Hence, in modern use;
(b) All that part of a cruciform church which is beyond the line of
the transept farthest from the main front. Chancel aisle (Arch.), the
aisle which passes on either side of or around the chancel.
 -- Chancel arch (Arch.), the arch which spans the main opening,
leading to the chancel -- Chancel casement, the principal window in a
chancel. Tennyson.
 -- Chancel table, the communion table.

CHANCELLERY
Chan"cel*ler*y, n. Etym: [Cf. Chancery.]

Defn: Chancellorship. [Obs.] Gower.

CHANCELLOR
Chan"cel*lor, n. Etym: [OE. canceler, chaunceler, F. chancelier, LL.
cancellarius chancellor, a director of chancery, fr. L. cancelli
lattices, crossbars, which surrounded the seat of judgment. See
Chancel.]

Defn: A judicial court of chancery, which in England and in the
United States is distinctively a court with equity jurisdiction.

Note: The chancellor was originally a chief scribe or secretary under
the Roman emperors, but afterward was invested with judicial powers,
and had superintendence over the other officers of the empire. From
the Roman empire this office passed to the church, and every bishop
has his chancellor, the principal judge of his consistory. In later
times, in most countries of Europe, the chancellor was a high officer
of state, keeper of the great seal of the kingdom, and having the
supervision of all charters, and like public instruments of the
crown, which were authenticated in the most solemn manner. In France
a secretary is in some cases called a chancellor. In Scotland, the
appellation is given to the foreman of a jury, or assize. In the
present German empire, the chancellor is the president of the federal
council and the head of the imperial administration. In the United
States, the title is given to certain judges of courts of chancery or
equity, established by the statutes of separate States. Blackstone.
Wharton. Chancellor of a bishop, or of a diocese (R. C. Ch. & ch. of
Eng.), a law officer appointed to hold the bishop's court in his
diocese, and to assist him in matter of ecclesiastical law.
 -- Chancellor of a cathedral, one of the four chief dignitaries of
the cathedrals of the old foundation, and an officer whose duties are
chiefly educational, with special reference to the cultivation of
theology.
 -- Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, an officer before whom, or
his deputy, the court of the duchy chamber of Lancaster is held. This
is a special jurisdiction.
 -- Chancellor of a university, the chief officer of a collegiate
body. In Oxford, he is elected for life; in Cambridge, for a term of
years; and his office is honorary, the chief duties of it devolving
on the vice chancellor.
 -- Chancellor of the exchequer, a member of the British cabinet upon
whom devolves the charge of the public income and expenditure as the
highest finance minister of the government.
 -- Chancellor of the order of the Garter (or other military orders),
an officer who seals the commissions and mandates of the chapter and
assembly of the knights, keeps the register of their proceedings, and
delivers their acts under the seal of their order.
 -- Lord high chancellor of England, the presiding judge in the court
of chancery, the highest judicial officer of the crown, and the first
lay person of the state after the blood royal. He is created
chancellor by the delivery into his custody of the great seal, of
which he becomes keeper. He is privy counselor by his office, and
prolocutor of the House of Lords by prescription.

CHANCELLORSHIP
Chan"cel*lor*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a chancellor; the time during which one is
chancellor.

CHANCE-MEDLEY
Chance"-med`ley, n. Etym: [Chance + medley.]

1. (Law)

Defn: The kiling of another in self-defense upon a sudden and
unpremeditated encounter. See Chaud-Medley.

Note: The term has been sometimes applied to any kind of homicide by
misadventure, or to any accidental killing of a person without
premeditation or evil intent, but, in strictness, is applicable to
such killing as happens in defending one's self against assault.
Bouvier.

2. Luck; chance; accident. Milton. Cowper.

CHANCERY
Chan"cer*y, n. Etym: [F. chancellerie, LL. cancellaria, from L.
cancellarius. See Chancellor, and cf. Chancellery.]

1. In England, formerly, the highest court of judicature next to the
Parliament, exercising jurisdiction at law, but chiefly in equity;
but under the jurisdiction act of 1873 it became the chancery
division of the High Court of Justice, and now exercises jurisdiction
only in equity.

2. In the Unites States, a court of equity; equity; proceeding in
equity.

Note: A court of chancery, so far as it is a court of equity, in the
English and American sense, may be generally, if not precisely,
described as one having jurisdiction in cases of rights, recognized
and protected by the municipal jurisprudence, where a plain,
adequate, and complete remedy can not be had in the courts of common
law. In some of the American States, jurisdiction at law and in
equity centers in the same tribunal. The courts of the United States
also have jurisdiction both at law and in equity, and in all such
cases they exercise their jurisdiction, as courts of law, or as
courts of equity, as the subject of adjudication may require. In
others of the American States, the courts that administer equity are
distinct tribunals, having their appropriate judicial officers, and
it is to the latter that the appellation courts of chancery is
usually applied; but, in American law, the terms equity and court of
equity are more frequently employed than the corresponding terms
chancery and court of chancery. Burrill. Inns of chancery. See under
Inn.
 -- To get (or to hold) In chancery (Boxing), to get the head of an
antagonist under one's arm, so that one can pommel it with the other
fist at will; hence, to have wholly in One's power. The allusion is
to the condition of a person involved in the chancery court, where he
was helpless, while the lawyers lived upon his estate.

CHANCRE
Chan"cre, n. Etym: [F. chancere. See Cancer.] (Med.)

Defn: A venereal sore or ulcer; specifically, the initial lesion of
true syphilis, whether forming a distinct ulcer or not; -- called
also hard chancre, indurated chancre, and Hunterian chancre. Soft
chancre. A chancroid. See Chancroid.

CHANCROID
Chan"croid, n. Etym: [Chancre + -oil.] (Med.)

Defn: A venereal sore, resembling a chancre in its seat and some
external characters, but differing from it in being the starting
point of a purely local process and never of a systemic disease; --
called also soft chancre.

CHANCROUS
Chan"crous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. chancreux.] (Med.)

Defn: Of the nature of a chancre; having chancre.

CHANDELIER
Chan`de*lier", n. Etym: [F. See Chandler.]

1. A candlestick, lamp, stand, gas fixture, or the like, having
several branches; esp., one hanging from the ceiling.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: A movable parapet, serving to support fascines to cover
pioneers. [Obs.]

CHANDLER
Chan"dler, n. Etym: [F. chandelier a candlestick, a maker or seller
of candles, LL. candelarius chandler, fr. L. candela candle. See
Candle, and cf. Chandelier.]

1. A maker or seller of candles.
The chandler's basket, on his shoulder borne, With tallow spots thy
coat. Gay.

2. A dealer in other commodities, which are indicated by a word
prefixed; as, ship chandler, corn chandler.

CHANDLERLY
Chan"dler*ly, a.

Defn: Like a chandler; in a petty way. [Obs.] Milton.

CHANDLERY
Chan"dler*y, n.

Defn: Commodities sold by a chandler.

CHANDOO
Chan*doo", n.

Defn: An extract or preparation of opium, used in China and India for
smoking. Balfour.

CHANDRY
Chan"dry, n.

Defn: Chandlery. [Obs.] "Torches from the chandry." B. Jonson.

CHANFRIN
Chan"frin, n. Etym: [F. chanfrein. Cf. Chamfron.]

Defn: The fore part of a horse's head.

CHANGE
Change, v. t. [Imp. & p. p. Changed; p. pr. & vb. n. Changing.] Etym:
[F. changer, fr. LL. cambiare, to exchange, barter, L. cambire. Cf.
Cambial.]

1. To alter; to make different; to cause to pass from one state to
another; as, to change the position, character, or appearance of a
thing; to change the countenance.
Therefore will I change their glory into shame. Hosea. iv. 7.

2. To alter by substituting something else for, or by giving up for
something else; as, to change the clothes; to change one's
occupation; to change one's intention.
They that do change old love for new, Pray gods, they change for
worse! Peele.

3. To give and take reciprocally; to exchange; -- followed by with;
as, to change place, or hats, or money, with another.
Look upon those thousands with whom thou wouldst not, for any
interest, change thy fortune and condition. Jer. Taylor.

4. Specifically: To give, or receive, smaller denominations of money
(technically called change) for; as, to change a gold coin or a bank
bill.
He pulled out a thirty-pound note and bid me change it. Goldsmith.
To change a horse, or To change hand (Man.), to turn or bear the
horse's head from one hand to the other, from the left to right, or
from the right to the left.
 -- To change hands, to change owners.
 -- To change one's tune, to become less confident or boastful.
[Colloq.] -- To change step, to take a break in the regular
succession of steps, in marching or walking, as by bringing the
hollow of one foot against the heel of the other, and then stepping
off with the foot which is in advance.

Syn.
 -- To alter; vary; deviate; substitute; innovate; diversify; shift;
veer; turn. See Alter.

CHANGE
Change, v. i.

1. To be altered; to undergo variation; as, men sometimes change for
the better.
For I am Lord, I change not. Mal. iii. 6.

2. To pass from one phase to another; as, the moon changes to-morrow
night.

CHANGE
Change, n. Etym: [F. change, fr. changer. See Change. v. t.]

1. Any variation or alteration; a passing from one state or form to
another; as, a change of countenance; a change of habits or
principles.
Apprehensions of a change of dynasty. Hallam.
All the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come.
Job xiv. 14.

2. A succesion or substitution of one thing in the place of another;
a difference; novelty; variety; as, a change of seasons.
Our fathers did for change to France repair. Dryden.
The ringing grooves of change. Tennyson.

3. A passing from one phase to another; as, a change of the moon.

4. Alteration in the order of a series; permutation.

5. That which makes a variety, or may be substituted for another.
Thirty change (R.V. changes) of garments. Judg. xiv. 12.

6. Small money; the money by means of which the larger coins and bank
bills are made available in small dealings; hence, the balance
returned when payment is tendered by a coin or note exceeding the sum
due.

7. Etym: [See Exchange.]

Defn: A place where merchants and others meet to transact business; a
building appropriated for mercantile transactions. [Colloq. for
Exchange.]

8. A public house; an alehouse. [Scot.]
They call an alehouse a change. Burt.

9. (Mus.)

Defn: Any order in which a number of bells are struck, other than
that of the diatonic scale.
Four bells admit twenty-four changes in ringing. Holder.
Change of life, the period in the life of a woman when menstruation
and the capacity for conception cease, usually occurring between
forty-five and fifty years of age.
 -- Change ringing, the continual production, without repetition, of
changes on bells, See def. 9. above.
 -- Change wheel (Mech.), one of a set of wheels of different sizes
and number of teeth, that may be changed or substituted one for
another in machinery, to produce a different but definite rate of
angular velocity in an axis, as in cutting screws, gear, etc.
 -- To ring the changes on, to present the same facts or arguments in
variety of ways.

Syn.
 -- Variety; variation; alteration; mutation; transition;
vicissitude; innovation; novelty; transmutation; revolution; reverse.

CHANGEABILITY
Change`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Changeableness.

CHANGEABLE
Change"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. changeable.]

1. Capable of change; subject to alteration; mutable; variable;
fickle; inconstant; as, a changeable humor.

2. Appearing different, as in color, in different lights, or under
different circumstances; as, changeable silk.

Syn.
 -- Mutable; alterable; variable; inconstant; fitful; vacillating;
capricious; fickle; unstable; unsteady; unsettled; wavering; erratic;
giddy; volatile.

CHANGEABLENESS
Change"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being changeable; fickleness; inconstancy;
mutability.

CHANGEABLY
Change"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a changeable manner.

CHANGEFUL
Change"ful, a.

Defn: Full of change; mutable; inconstant; fickle; uncertain. Pope.
His course had been changeful. Motley.
-- Change"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Change"ful*ness, n.

CHANGE GEAR
Change gear. (Mach.)

Defn: A gear by means of which the speed of machinery or of a vehicle
may be changed while that of the propelling engine or motor remains
constant; -- called also change-speed gear.

CHANGE KEY
Change key.

Defn: A key adapted to open only one of a set of locks; --
distinguished from a master key.

CHANGELESS
Change"less, a.

Defn: That can not be changed; constant; as, a changeless purpose.
 -- Change"less*ness, n.

CHANGELING
Change"ling, n. Etym: [Change + -ling.]

1. One who, or that which, is left or taken in the place of another,
as a child exchanged by fairies.
Such, men do changelings call, so changed by fairies' theft. Spenser.
The changeling [a substituted writing] never known. Shak.

2. A simpleton; an idiot. Macaulay.
Changelings and fools of heaven, and thence shut out.
Wildly we roam in discontent about. Dryden.

3. One apt to change; a waverer. "Fickle changelings." Shak.

CHANGELING
Change"ling, a.

1. Taken or left in place of another; changed. "A little changeling
boy." Shak.

2. Given to change; inconstant. [Obs.]
Some are so studiously changeling. Boyle.

CHANGER
Chan"ger, n.

1. One who changes or alters the form of anything.

2. One who deals in or changes money. John ii. 14.

3. One apt to change; an inconstant person.

CHANK
Chank", n. Etym: [Skr. çankha. See Conch.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The East Indian name for the large spiral shell of several
species of sea conch much used in making bangles, esp. Turbinella
pyrum. Called also chank chell.

CHANNEL
Chan"nel, n. Etym: [OE. chanel, canel, OF. chanel, F. chenel, fr. L.
canalis. See Canal.]

1. The hollow bed where a stream of water runs or may run.

2. The deeper part of a river, harbor, strait, etc., where the main
current flows, or which affords the best and safest passage for
vessels.

3. (Geog.)

Defn: A strait, or narrow sea, between two portions of lands; as, the
British Channel.

4. That through which anything passes; means of passing, conveying,
or transmitting; as, the news was conveyed to us by different
channels.
The veins are converging channels. Dalton.
At best, he is but a channel to convey to the National assembly such
matter as may import that body to know. Burke.

5. A gutter; a groove, as in a fluted column.

6. pl. Etym: [Cf. Chain wales.] (Naut.)

Defn: Flat ledges of heavy plank bolted edgewise to the outside of a
vessel, to increase the spread of the shrouds and carry them clear of
the bulwarks. Channel bar, Channel iron (Arch.), an iron bar or beam
having a section resembling a flat gutter or channel.
 -- Channel bill (Zoöl.), a very large Australian cucko (Scythrops
Novæhollandiæ.
 -- Channel goose. (Zoöl.) See Gannet.

CHANNEL
Chan"nel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Channeled, or Channelled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Channeling, or Channelling.]

1. To form a channel in; to cut or wear a channel or channels in; to
groove.
No more shall trenching war channel her fields. Shak.

2. To course through or over, as in a channel. Cowper.

CHANNELING
Chan"nel*ing, n.

1. The act or process of forming a channel or channels.

2. A channel or a system of channels; a groove.

CHANSON
Chan"son, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. cantion song. See Cantion, Canzone.]

Defn: A song. Shak.

CHANSON DE GESTE
Chan`son" de geste". [F., prop., song of history.]

Defn: Any Old French epic poem having for its subject events or
exploits of early French history, real or legendary, and written
originally in assonant verse of ten or twelve syllables. The most
famous one is the Chanson de Roland.

Langtoft had written in the ordinary measure of the later chansons de
geste.
Saintsbury.

CHANSONNETTE
Chan`son*nette", n.; pl. Chansonnettes. Etym: [F., dim. of chanson.]

Defn: A little song.
These pretty little chansonnettes that he sung. Black.

CHANT
Chant, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Chanting.] Etym:
[F. chanter, fr. L. cantare, intens. of canere to sing. Cf. Cant
affected speaking, and see Hen.]

1. To utter with a melodious voice; to sing.
The cheerful birds . . . do chant sweet music. Spenser.

2. To celebrate in song.
The poets chant in the theaters. Bramhall.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: To sing or recite after the manner of a chant, or to a tune
called a chant.

CHANT
Chant, v. i.

1. To make melody with the voice; to sing. "Chant to the sound of the
viol." Amos vi. 5.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: To sing, as in reciting a chant. To chant (or chaunt) horses,
to sing their praise; to overpraise; to cheat in selling. See
Chaunter. Thackeray.

CHANT
Chant, n.Etym: [F. chant, fr. L. cantus singing, song, fr. canere to
sing. See Chant, v. t.]

1. Song; melody.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A short and simple melody, divided into two parts by double
bars, to which unmetrical psalms, etc., are sung or recited. It is
the most ancient form of choral music.

3. A psalm, etc., arranged for chanting.

4. Twang; manner of speaking; a canting tone. [R.]
His strange face, his strange chant. Macaulay.
Ambrosian chant, See under Ambrosian. Chant royal Etym: [F.], in old
French poetry, a poem containing five strophes of eleven lines each,
and a concluding stanza.
 -- each of these six parts ending with a common refrain.
 -- Gregorian chant. See under Gregorian.

CHANTANT
Chan`tant", a. Etym: [F. singing.] (Mus.)

Defn: Composed in a melodious and singing style.

CHANTER
Chant"er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chanteur.]

1. One who chants; a singer or songster. Pope.

2. The chief singer of the chantry. J. Gregory.

3. The flute or finger pipe in a bagpipe. See Bagpipe.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hedge sparrow.

CHANTERELLE
Chan`te*relle", n. Etym: [F.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name for several species of mushroom, of which one
(Cantharellus cibrius) is edible, the others reputed poisonous.

CHANTEY
Chant"ey, n. [Cf. F. chanter to sing, and Chant. n.]

Defn: A sailor's song.

May we lift a deep-sea chantey such as seamen use at sea
Kipling.

CHANTICLEER
Chan"ti*cleer, n. Etym: [F. Chanteclair, name of the cock in the
Roman du Renart (Reynard the Fox); chanter to chant + clair clear.
See Chant, and Clear.]

Defn: A cock, so called from the clearness or loundness of his voice
in crowing.

CHANTING
Chant"ing, n.

Defn: Singing, esp. as a chant is sung. Chanting falcon (Zoöl.), an
African falcon (Melierax canorus or musicus). The male has the habit,
remarkable in a bird of prey, of singing to his mate, while she is
incubating.

CHANTOR
Chant"or, n.

Defn: A chanter.

CHANTRESS
Chant"ress, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. chanteresse.]

Defn: A female chanter or singer. Milton.

CHANTRY
Chant"ry, n.; pl. Chantries. Etym: [OF. chanterie, fr. chanter to
sing.]

1. An endowment or foundation for the chanting of masses and offering
of prayers, commonly for the founder.

2. A chapel or altar so endowed. Cowell.

CHAOMANCY
Cha"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by means of apperances in the air.

CHAOS
Cha"os, n. Etym: [L. chaos chaos (in senses 1 & 2), Gr. Chasm.]

1. An empty, immeasurable space; a yawning chasm. [Archaic]
Between us and there is fixed a great chaos. Luke xvi. 26 (Rhemish
Trans. ).

2. The confused, unorganized condition or mass of matter before the
creation of distinct and order forms.

3. Any confused or disordered collection or state of things; a
confused mixture; confusion; disorder.

CHAOTIC
Cha*ot"ic, a.

Defn: Resembling chaos; confused.

CHAOTICALLY
Cha*ot"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a chaotic manner.

CHAP
Chap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Chapping.] Etym:
[See Chop to cut.]

1. To cause to open in slits or chinks; to split; to cause the skin
of to crack or become rough.
Then would unbalanced heat licentious reign, Crack the dry hill, and
chap the russet plain. Blackmore.
Nor winter's blast chap her fair face. Lyly.

2. To strike; to beat. [Scot.]

CHAP
Chap, v. i.

1. To crack or open in slits; as, the earth chaps; the hands chap.

2. To strike; to knock; to rap. [Scot.]

CHAP
Chap, n. Etym: [From Chap, v. t. & i.]

1. A cleft, crack, or chink, as in the surface of the earth, or in
the skin.

2. A division; a breach, as in a party. [Obs.]
Many clefts and chaps in our council board. T. Fuller.

3. A blow; a rap. [Scot.]

CHAP
Chap, n. Etym: [OE. chaft; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel kjaptr jaw, Sw.
Käft, D. kiæft; akin to G. kiefer, and E. jowl. Cf. Chops.]

1. One of the jaws or the fleshy covering of a jaw; -- commonly in
the plural, and used of animals, and colloquially of human beings.
His chaps were all besmeared with crimson blood. Cowley.
He unseamed him [Macdonald] from the nave to the chaps. Shak.

2. One of the jaws or cheeks of a vise, etc.

CHAP
Chap, n. Etym: [Perh. abbreviated fr. chapman, but used in a more
general sense; or cf. Dan. kiæft jaw, person, E. chap jaw.]

1. A buyer; a chapman. [Obs.]
If you want to sell, here is your chap. Steele.

2. A man or boy; a youth; a fellow. [Colloq.]

CHAP
Chap, v. i. Etym: [See Cheapen.]

Defn: To bargain; to buy. [Obs.]

CHAPARAJOS
Cha`pa*ra"jos, n. pl. [Mex. Sp.]

Defn: Overalls of sheepskin or leather, usually open at the back,
worn, esp. by cowboys, to protect the legs from thorny bushes, as in
the chaparral; -- called also chapareras or colloq. chaps. [Sp.
Amer.]

CHAPARERAS
Cha`pa*re"ras, n. pl. [Mex. Sp.]

Defn: Same as Chaparajos. [Sp. Amer.]

CHAPARRAL
Cha`par*ral", n. Etym: [Sp., fr. chaparro an evergeen oak.]

1. A thicket of low evergreen oaks.

2. An almost impenetrable thicket or succession of thickets of thorny
shrubs and brambles. Chaparral cock; fem. Chaparral hen (Zoöl.), a
bird of the cuckoo family (Geococcyx Californianus), noted for
running with great speed. It ranges from California to Mexico and
eastward to Texas; -- called also road runner, ground cuckoo, churea,
and snake killerit is the state bird of New Mexico.

CHAPBOOK
Chap"book`, n. Etym: [See Chap to cheapen.]

Defn: Any small book carried about for sale by chapmen or hawkers.
Hence, any small book; a toy book.

CHAPE
Chape, n. Etym: [F., a churchman's cope, a cover, a chape, fr. L.
cappa. See Cap.]

1. The piece by which an object is attached to something, as the frog
of a scabbard or the metal loop at the back of a buckle by which it
is fastened to a strap.

2. The transverse guard of a sword or dagger.

3. The metal plate or tip which protects the end of a scabbard, belt,
etc. Knight.

CHAPEAU
Cha`peau", n.; pl. Chapeux. Etym: [F., fr. OF. chapel hat. See
Chaplet.]

1. hat or covering for the head.

2. (Her.)

Defn: A cap of maintenance. See Maintenance. Chapeau bras ( Etym: [F.
chapeau hat + bras arm], a hat so made that it can be compressed and
carried under the arm without injury. Such hats were particularly
worn on dress occasions by gentlemen in the 18th century. A chapeau
bras is now worn in the United States army by general and staff
officers.

CHAPED
Chaped, p. p. or a.

Defn: Furnished with a chape or chapes. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHAPEL
Chap"el, n. Etym: [OF. chapele, F. chapelle, fr. LL. capella, orig.,
a short cloak, hood, or cowl; later, a reliquary, sacred vessel,
chapel; dim. of cappa, capa, cloak, cape, cope; also, a covering for
the head. The chapel where St. Martin's cloak was preserved as a
precious relic, itself came to be called capella, whence the name was
applied to similar paces of worship, and the guardian of this cloak
was called capellanus, or chaplain. See Cap, and cf. Chaplain.,
Chaplet.]

1. A subordinate place of worship; as,
(a) a small church, often a private foundation, as for a memorial;
(b) a small building attached to a church;
(c) a room or recess in a church, containing an altar.

Note: In Catholic churches, and also in cathedrals and abbey
churches, chapels are usually annexed in the recesses on the sides of
the aisles. Gwilt.

2. A place of worship not connected with a church; as, the chapel of
a palace, hospital, or prison.

3. In England, a place of worship used by dissenters from the
Established Church; a meetinghouse.

4. A choir of singers, or an orchastra, attached to the court of a
prince or nobleman.

5. (Print.)
(a) A printing office, said to be so called because printing was
first carried on in England in a chapel near Westminster Abbey.
(b) An association of workmen in a printing office. Chapel of ease.
(a) A chapel or dependent church built for the ease or a
accommodation of an increasing parish, or for parishioners who live
at a distance from the principal church. (b) A privy. (Law) -- Chapel
master, a director of music in a chapel; the director of a court or
orchestra.
 -- To build a chapel (Naut.), to chapel a ship. See Chapel, v. t.,
2.
 -- To hold a chapel, to have a meeting of the men employed in a
printing office, for the purpose of considering questions affecting
their interests.

CHAPEL
Chap"el, v. t.

1. To deposit or inter in a chapel; to enshrine. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To cause (a ship taken aback in a light breeze) so to turn or
make a circuit as to recover, without bracing the yards, the same
tack on which she had been sailing.

CHAPELESS
Chape"less, a.

Defn: Without a chape.

CHAPELET
Chap"e*let, n. Etym: [F. See Chaplet.]

1. A pair of Straps, with stirrups, joined at the top and fastened to
the pommel or the frame of the saddle, after they have been adjusted
to the convenience of the rider. [Written also chaplet.]

2. A kind of chain pump, or dredging machine.

CHAPELLANY
Chap"el*la*ny, n.; pl. Chapellanies. Etym: [Cf. E. chapellenie, LL.
capellania. See Chaplain.]

Defn: A chapel within the jurisdiction of a church; a subordinate
ecclesiastical foundation.

CHAPELRY
Chap"el*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. chapelerie.]

Defn: The territorial disrict legally assigned to a chapel.

CHAPERON
Chap"er*on, n. Etym: [F. chaperon. See Chape, Cape, Cap.]

1. A hood; especially, an ornamental or an official hood.
His head and face covered with a chaperon, out of which there are but
two holes to look through. Howell.

2. A divice placed on the foreheads of horses which draw the hearse
in pompous funerals.

3. A matron who accompanies a young lady in public, for propriety, or
as a guide and protector.

CHAPERON
Chap"er*on, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chaperoned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chaperoning.] Etym: [Cf. F. chaperonner, fr. chaperon.]

Defn: To attend in public places as a guide and protector; to
matronize.
Fortunately Lady Bell Finley, whom I had promised to chaperon, sent
to excuse herself. Hannah More.

CHAPERONAGE
Chap"er*on`age, n.

Defn: Attendance of a chaperon on a lady in public; protection
afforded by a chaperon.

CHAPFALLEN
Chap"fall`en, a.

Defn: Having the lower chap or jaw drooping, -- an indication of
humiliation and dejection; crestfallen; discouraged. See Chopfallen.

CHAPITER
Chap"i*ter, n. Etym: [OF. chapitel, F. chapiteau, from L. capitellum,
dim. of caput head. Cf. Capital, Chapter.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A capital [Obs.] See Chapital. Ex. xxxvi. 38.

2. (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: A summary in writing of such matters as are to be inquired of
or presented before justices in eyre, or justices of assize, or of
the peace, in their sessions; -- also called articles. Jacob.

CHAPLAIN
Chap"lain, n. Etym: [F. chapelain, fr. LL. capellanus, fr. capella.
See Chapel.]

1. An ecclesiastic who has a chapel, or who performs religious
service in a chapel.

2. A clergyman who is officially atteched to the army or navy, to
some public institution, or to a family or court, for the purpose of
performing divine service.

3. Any person (clergyman or layman) chosen to conduct religious
exercises for a society, etc.; as, a chaplain of a Masonic or a
temperance lodge.

CHAPLAINCY
Chap"lain*cy, n.; pl. Chaplaincies (.

Defn: The office, position, or station of a chaplain. Swift.

CHAPLAINSHIP
Chap"lain*ship, n.

1. The office or business of a chaplain.
The Bethesda of some knight's chaplainship. Milton.

2. The possession or revenue of a chapel. Johnson.

CHAPLESS
Chap"less, a.

Defn: Having no lower jaw; hence, fleshless. [R.] "Yellow, chapless
skulls." Shak.

CHAPLET
Chap"let, n. Etym: [F. chapelet, dim. of OF. chapel hat, garland,
dim. fr. LL. cappa. See Cap, and cf. Chapelet, Chapeau.]

1. A garland or wreath to be worn on the head.

2. A string of beads, or part of a string, used by Roman Catholic in
praying; a third of a rosary, or fifty beads.
Her chaplet of beads and her missal. Longfellow.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A small molding, carved into beads, pearls, olives, etc.

4. (Man.)

Defn: A chapelet. See Chapelet, 1.

5. (Founding)

Defn: A bent piece of sheet iron, or a pin with thin plates on its
ends, for holding a core in place in the mold.

6. A tuft of feathers on a peacock's head. Johnson.

CHAPLET
Chap"let, n.

Defn: A small chapel or shrine.

CHAPLET
Chap"let, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chapleted.]

Defn: To adorn with a chaplet or with flowers. R. Browning.

CHAPMAN
Chap"man, n.; pl. Chapmen. Etym: [AS. ceápman; ceáp trade + man man;
akin to D. koopman, Sw. köpman, Dan. kiöpmand, G. kaufmann.f. Chap to
cheapen, and see Cheap.]

1. One who buys and sells; a merchant; a buyer or a seller. [Obs.]
The word of life is a quick commodity, and ought not, as a drug to be
obtruded on those chapmen who are unwilling to buy it. T. Fuller.

2. A peddler; a hawker.

CHAPPY
Chap"py,

Defn: Full of chaps; cleft; gaping; open.

CHAPS
Chaps, n. pl.

Defn: The jaws, or the fleshy parts about them. See Chap. "Open your
chaps again." Shak.

CHAPTER
Chap"ter, n. Etym: [OF. chapitre, F. chapitre, fr. L. capitulum, dim.
of caput head, the chief person or thing, the principal division of a
writing, chapter. See Chief, and cf, Chapiter.]

1. A division of a book or treatise; as, Genesis has fifty chapters.

2. (Eccl.)
(a) An assembly of monks, or of the prebends and other clergymen
connected with a cathedral, conventual, or collegiate church, or of a
diocese, usually presided over by the dean.
(b) A community of canons or canonesses.
(c) A bishop's council.
(d) A business meeting of any religious community.

3. An organized branch of some society or fraternity as of the
Freemasons. Robertson.

4. A meeting of certain organized societies or orders.

5. A chapter house. [R.] Burrill.

6. A decretal epistle. Ayliffe.

7. A location or compartment.
In his bosom! In what chapter of his bosom Shak.
Chapter head, or Chapter heading, that which stands at the head of a
chapter, as a title.
 -- Chapter house, a house or room where a chapter meets, esp. a
cathedral chapter.
 -- The chapter of accidents, chance. Marryat.

CHAPTER
Chap"ter, v. t.

1. To divide into chapters, as a book. Fuller.

2. To correct; to bring to book, i. e., to demand chapter and verse.
[Obs.] Dryden.

CHAPTREL
Chap"trel, n. Etym: [See Chapiter.] (Arch.)

Defn: An impost. [Obs.]

CHAR; CHARR
Char, Charr, n. Etym: [Ir. cear, Gael. ceara, lit., red, blood-
colored, fr. cear blood. So named from its red belly.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the several species of fishes of the genus Salvelinus,
allied to the spotted trout and salmon, inhabiting deep lakes in
mountainous regions in Europe. In the United States, the brook trout
(Salvelinus fontinalis) is sometimes called a char.

CHAR
Char, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A car; a chariot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHAR
Char, n. Etym: [OE. cherr, char a turning, time, work, AS. cerr,
cyrr, turn, occasion, business, fr. cerran, cyrran, to turn; akin to
OS. kërian, OHG. chëran, G. kehren. Cf. Chore, Ajar.]

Defn: Work done by the day; a single job, or task; a chore. [Written
also chare.] [Eng.]
When thou hast done this chare, I give thee leave To play till
doomsday. Shak.

CHAR; CHARE
Char, Chare, v. t. Etym: [See 3d Char.]

1. To perform; to do; to finish. [Obs.] Nores.
Thet char is chared, as the good wife said when she had hanged her
husband. Old Proverb.

2. To work or hew, as stone. Oxf. Gloss.

CHAR; CHARE
Char, Chare, v. i.

Defn: To work by the day, without being a regularly hired servant; to
do small jobs.

CHAR
Char, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Charred; p. pr. & vb. n. Charring.] Etym:
[Prob. the same word as char to perform (see Char, n.), the modern
use coming from charcoal, prop. coal-turned, turned to coal.]

1. To reduce to coal or carbon by exposure to heat; to reduce to
charcoal; to burn to a cinder.

2. To burn slightly or partially; as, to char wood.

CHARA
Cha"ra, n. Etym: [NL., of uncertain origin.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of flowerless plants, having articulated stems and
whorled branches. They flourish in wet places.

CHAR-A-BANC
Char`-a-banc", n.; pl. Chars-a-banc. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A long, light, open vehicle, with benches or seats running
lengthwise.

CHARACT
Char"act, n.

Defn: A distinctive mark; a character; a letter or sign. [Obs.] See
Character.
In all his dressings, characts, titles, forms. Shak.

CHARACTER
Char"ac*ter, n. Etym: [L., an instrument for marking, character, Gr.
caractère.]

1. A distinctive mark; a letter, figure, or symbol.
It were much to be wished that there were throughout the world but
one sort of character for each letter to express it to the eye.
Holder.

2. Style of writing or printing; handwriting; the peculiar form of
letters used by a particular person or people; as, an inscription in
the Runic character.
You know the character to be your brother's Shak.

3. The peculiar quality, or the sum of qualities, by which a person
or a thing is distinguished from others; the stamp impressed by
nature, education, or habit; that which a person or thing really is;
nature; disposition.
The character or that dominion. Milton.
Know well each Ancient's proper character; His fable, subject, scope
in every page; Religion, Country, genius of his Age. Pope.
A man of . . . thoroughly subservient character. Motley.

4. Strength of mind; resolution; independence; individuality; as, he
has a great deal of character.

5. Moral quality; the principles and motives that control the life;
as, a man of character; his character saves him from suspicion.

6. Quality, position, rank, or capacity; quality or conduct with
respect to a certain office or duty; as, in the miserable character
of a slave; in his character as a magistrate; her character as a
daughter.

7. The estimate, individual or general, put upon a person or thing;
reputation; as, a man's character for truth and veracity; to give one
a bad character.
This subterraneous passage is much mended since Seneca gave so bad a
character of it. Addison.

8. A written statement as to behavior, competency, etc., given to a
servant. [Colloq.]

9. A unique or extraordinary individuality; a person characterized by
peculiar or notable traits; a person who illustrates certain phases
of character; as, Randolph was a character; Cæsar is a great
historical character.

10. One of the persons of a drama or novel.

Note: "It would be well if character and reputation were used
distinctively. In truth, character is what a person is; reputation is
what he is supposed to be. Character is in himself, reputation is in
the minds of others. Character is injured by temptations, and by
wrongdoing; reputation by slanders, and libels. Character endures
throughout defamation in every form, but perishes when there is a
voluntary transgression; reputation may last through numerous
transgressions, but be destroyed by a single, and even an unfounded,
accusation or aspersion." Abbott.

CHARACTER
Char"ac*ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Charactered.]

1. To engrave; to inscribe. [R.]
These trees shall be my books. And in their barks my thoughts I 'll
character. Shak.

2. To distinguish by particular marks or traits; to describe; to
characterize. [R.] Mitford.

CHARACTERISM
Char"ac*ter*ism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A distinction of character; a characteristic. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

CHARACTERISTIC
Char`ac*ter*is"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. charactéristique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or serving to constitute, the character; showing
the character, or distinctive qualities or traits, of a person or
thing; peculiar; distinctive.
Characteristic clearness of temper. Macaulay.

CHARACTERISTIC
Char`ac*ter*is"tic, n.

1. A distinguishing trait, quality, or property; an element of
character; that which characterized. Pope.
The characteristics of a true critic. Johnson.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The integral part (whether positive or negative) of a
logarithm.

CHARACTERISTICAL
Char`ac*ter*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Characteristic.

CHARACTERISTICALLY
Char`ac*ter*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a characteristic manner; in a way that characterizes.

CHARACTERIZATION
Char`ac*ter*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of characterizing.

CHARACTERIZE
Char"ac*ter*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Characterized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Characterizing.] Etym: [LL. characterizare, Gr. charactériser.]

1. To make distinct and recognizable by peculiar marks or traits; to
make with distinctive features.
European, Asiatic, Chinese, African, and Grecian faces are
Characterized. Arbuthot.

2. To engrave or imprint. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

3. To indicate the character of; to describe.
Under the name of Tamerlane he intended to characterize King William.
Johnson.

4. To be a characteristic of; to make, or express the character of.
The softness and effeminacy which characterize the men of rank in
most countries. W. Irving.

Syn.
 -- To describe; distinguish; mark; designate; style; particularize;
entitle.

CHARACTERLESS
Char"ac*ter*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of any distinguishing quality; without character or
force.

CHARACTERY
Char"ac*ter*y, n.

1. The art or means of characterizing; a system of signs or
characters; symbolism; distinctive mark.
Fairies use flowers for their charactery. Shak.

2. That which is charactered; the meaning. [Obs.]
I will construe to thee All the charactery of my sad brows. Shak.

CHARADE
Cha*rade", n. Etym: [F. charade, cf. Pr. charrada long chat, It
ciarlare to chat, whence E. charlatan.]

Defn: A verbal or acted enigma based upon a word which has two or
more significant syllables or parts, each of which, as well as the
word itself, is to be guessed from the descriptions or
representations.

CHARBOCLE
Char"bo*cle, n.

Defn: Carbuncle. [Written also Charboncle.] [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHARBON
Char"bon, n. Etym: [F., coal, charbon.]

1. (Far.)

Defn: A small black spot or mark remaining in the cavity of the
corner tooth of a horse after the large spot or mark has become
obliterated.

2. A very contagious and fatal disease of sheep, horses, and cattle.
See Maligmant pustule.

CHARCOAL
Char"coal`, n. Etym: [See Char, v. t., to burn or to reduce to coal,
and Coal.]

1. Impure carbon prepared from vegetable or animal substances; esp.,
coal made by charring wood in a kiln, retort, etc., from which air is
excluded. It is used for fuel and in various mechanical, artistic,
and chemical processes.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Finely prepared charcoal in small sticks, used as a drawing
implement. Animal charcoal, a fine charcoal prepared by calcining
bones in a closed vessel; -- used as a filtering agent in sugar
refining, and as an absorbent and disinfectant.
 -- Charcoal blacks, the black pigment, consisting of burnt ivory,
bone, cock, peach stones, and other substances.
 -- Charcoal drawing (Fine Arts), a drawing made with charcoal. See
Charcoal, 2. Until within a few years this material has been used
almost exclusively for preliminary outline, etc., but at present many
finished drawings are made with it.
 -- Charcoal point, a carbon pencil prepared for use un an electric
light apparatus.
 -- Mineral charcoal, a term applied to silky fibrous layers of
charcoal, interlaminated in beds of ordinary bituminous coal; --
known to miners as mother of coal.

CHARD
Chard, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carde esclent thistle.]

1. The tender leaves or leafstalks of the artichoke, white beet,
etc., blanched for table use.

2. A variety of the white beet, which produces large, succulent
leaves and leafstalks.

CHARE
Chare, n.

Defn: A narrow street. [Prov. Eng.]

CHARE
Chare, n. & v.

Defn: A chore; to chore; to do. See Char.

CHARGE
Charge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Charged; p. pr. & vb. n. Charging.] Etym:
[OF. chargier, F. charger, fr. LL. carricare, fr. L. carrus wagon.
Cf. Cargo, Caricature, Cark, and see Car.]

1. To lay on or impose, as a load, tax, or burden; to load; to fill.
A carte that charged was with hay. Chaucer.
The charging of children's memories with rules. Locke.

2. To lay on or impose, as a task, duty, or trust; to command,
instruct, or exhort with authority; to enjoin; to urge earnestly; as,
to charge a jury; to charge the clergy of a diocese; to charge an
agent.
Moses . . . charged you to love the Lord your God. Josh. xxii. 5.
Cromwell, I charge thee, fing away ambition. Shak.

3. To lay on, impose, or make subject to or liable for.
When land shal be charged by any lien. Kent.

4. To fix or demand as a prince; as, he charges two dollars a barrelk
for apples.

5. To place something to the account of as a debt; to debit, as to
charge one with goods. Also, to enter upon the debit side of an
account; as, to charge a sum to one.

6. To impute or ascribe; to lay to one's charge.
No more accuse thy pen, but charge the crime On native loth and
negligence of time. Dryden.

7. To accuse; to make a charge or assertion against (a) person or
thing); to lay the responsibility (for something said or done) at the
door of.
If the did that wrong you charge with. Tennyson.

8. To place within or upon any firearm, piece of apparatus or
machinery, the quantity it is intended and fitted to hold or bear; to
load; to fill; as, to charge a gun; to charge an electrical machine,
etc.
Their battering cannon charged to the mouths. Shak.

9. To ornament with or cause to bear; as, to charge an architectural
member with a molding.

10. (Her.)

Defn: To assume as a bearing; as, he charges three roses or; to add
to or represent on; as, he charges his shield with three roses or.

11. To call to account; to challenge. [Obs.]
To charge me to an answer. Shak.

12. To bear down upon; to rush upon; to attack.
Charged our main battle's front. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To intrust; command; exhort; instruct; accuse; impeach; arraign.
See Accuse.

CHARGE
Charge, v. i.

1. To make an onset or rush; as, to charge with fixed bayonets.
Like your heroes of antiquity, he charges in iron. Glanvill.
"Charge for the guns!" he said. Tennyson.

2. To demand a price; as, to charge high for goods.

3. To debit on an account; as, to charge for purchases.

4. To squat on its belly and be still; -- a command given by a
sportsman to a dog.

CHARGE
Charge, n. Etym: [F. charge, fr. charger to load. See Charge, v. t.,
and cf. Cargo, Caricature.]

1. A load or burder laid upon a person or thing.

2. A person or thing commited or intrusted to the care, custody, or
management of another; a trust.

Note: The people of a parish or church are called the charge of the
clergyman who is set over them.

3. Custody or care of any person, thing, or place; office;
responsibility; oversight; obigation; duty.
'Tis a great charge to come under one body's hand. Shak.

4. Heed; care; anxiety; trouble. [Obs.] Chaucer.

5. Harm. [Obs.] Chaucer.

6. An order; a mandate or command; an injunction.
The king gave cherge concerning Absalom. 2. Sam. xviii. 5.

7. An address (esp. an earnest or impressive address) containing
instruction or exhortation; as, the charge of a judge to a jury; the
charge of a bishop to his clergy.

8. An accusation of a wrong of offense; allegation; indictment;
specification of something alleged.
The charge of confounding very different classes of phenomena.
Whewell.

9. Whatever constitutes a burden on property, as rents, taxes, lines,
etc.; costs; expense incurred; -- usually in the plural.

10. The price demanded for a thing or service.

11. An entry or a account of that which is due from one party to
another; that which is debited in a business transaction; as, a
charge in an account book.

12. That quantity, as of ammunition, electricity, ore, fuel, etc.,
which any apparatus, as a gun, battery, furnace, machine, etc., is
intended to receive and fitted to hold, or which is actually in it at
one time

13. The act of rushing upon, or towards, an enemy; a sudden onset or
attack, as of troops, esp. cavalry; hence, the signal for attack; as,
to sound the charge.
Never, in any other war afore, gave the Romans a hotter charge upon
the enemies. Holland.
The charge of the light brigade. Tennyson.

14. A position (of a weapon) fitted for attack; as, to bring a weapon
to the charge.

15. (Far.)

Defn: A soft of plaster or ointment.

16. (Her.)

Defn: A bearing. See Bearing, n., 8.

17. Etym: [Cf. Charre.]

Defn: Thirty-six pigs of lead, each pig weighing about seventy
pounds; -- called also charre.

18. Weight; import; value.
Many suchlike "as's" of great charge. Shak.
Back charge. See under Back, a.
 -- Bursting charge. (a (Mil.) The charge which bursts a shell, etc.
(b (Mining) A small quantity of fine powder to secure the ignition of
a charge of coarse powder in blasting.
 -- Charge and discharge (Equity Practice), the old mode or form of
taking an account before a master in chancery.
 -- Charge sheet, the paper on which are entered at a police station
all arrests and accusations.
 -- To sound the charge, to give the signal for an attack.

Syn.
 -- Care; custody; trust; management; office; expense; cost; price;
assault; attack; onset; injunction; command; order; mandate;
instruction; accusation; indictment.

CHARGEABLE
Charge"a*ble, a.

1. That may be charged, laid, imposed, or imputes; as, a duty
chargeable on iron; a fault chargeable on a man.

2. Subject to be charge or accused; liable or responsible; as,
revenues chargeable with a claim; a man chargeable with murder.

3. Serving to create expense; costly; burdensome.
That we might not be chargeable to any of you. 2. Thess. iii. 8.
For the sculptures, which are elegant, were very chargeable. Evelyn.

CHARGEABLENESS
Charge"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being chargeable or expensive. [Obs.]
Whitelocke.

CHARGEABLY
Charge"a*bly, adv.

Defn: At great cost; expensively. [Obs.]

CHARGEANT
Char"geant, a. Etym: [F. chargeant, fr. charger to load.]

Defn: Burdensome; troublesome. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHARGE D'AFFAIRES
Char`gé" d'af`faires", n.; pl. Chargés d'affaires. Etym: [F.,
"charged with affairs."]

Defn: A diplomatic representative, or minister of an inferior grade,
accredited by the government of one state to the minister of foreign
affairs of another; also, a substitute, ad interim, for an ambassador
or minister plenipotentiary.

CHARGEFUL
Charge"ful, a.

Defn: Costly; expensive. [Obs.]
The fineness of the gold and chargeful fashion. Shak.

CHARGEHOUSE
Charge"house`, n.

Defn: A schoolhouse. [Obs.]

CHARGELESS
Charge"less, a.

Defn: Free from, or with little, charge.

CHARGEOUS
Char"geous, a.

Defn: Burdensome. [Obs.]
I was chargeous to no man. Wyclif, (2 Cor. xi. 9).

CHARGER
Char"ger, n.

1. One who, or that which charges.

2. An instrument for measuring or inserting a charge.

3. A large dish. [Obs.]
Give me here John Baptist's head in a charger. Matt. xiv. 8.

4. A horse for battle or parade. Macaulay.
And furious every charger neighed. Campbell.

CHARGESHIP
Char*ge"ship, n.

Defn: The office of a chargé d'affaires.

CHARILY
Char"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a chary manner; carefully; cautiously; frugally.

CHARINESS
Char"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being chary.

CHARIOT
Char"i*ot, n. Etym: [F. Chariot, from char car. See Car.]

1. (Antiq.)

Defn: A two-wheeled car or vehicle for war, racing, state
processions, etc.
First moved the chariots, after whom the foot. Cowper.

2. A four-wheeled pleasure or state carriage, having one seat. Shak.

CHARIOT
Char"i*ot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Charioted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Charioting.]

Defn: To convey in a chariot. Milton.

CHARIOTEE
Char`i*ot*ee", n.

Defn: A light, covered, four-wheeled pleasure carriage with two
seats.

CHARIOTEER
Char`i*ot*eer", n.

1. One who drives a chariot.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation. See Auriga, and Wagones.

CHARISM
Cha"rism, n. Etym: [Gr. .] (Eccl.)

Defn: A miraculously given power, as of healing, speaking foreign
languages without instruction, etc., attributed to some of the early
Christians.

CHARISMATIC
Char`is*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a charism.

CHARITABLE
Char"i*ta*ble, a.Etym: [F. See Charity.]

1. Full of love and good will; benevolent; kind.
Be thy intents wicked or charitable, . . . . . . I will speak to
thee. Shak.

2. Liberal in judging of others; disposed to look on the best side,
and to avoid harsh judgment.

3. Liberal in benefactions to the poor; giving freely; generous;
beneficent.
What charitable men afford to beggars. Shak.

4. Of or pertaining to charity; springing from, or intended for,
charity; relating to almsgiving; elemosynary; as, a charitable
institution.

5. Dictated by kindness; favorable; lenient.
By a charitable construction it may be a sermon. L. Andrews.

Syn.
 -- Kind; beneficent; benevolent; generous; lenient; forgiving;
helpful; liberal; favorable; indulgent.

CHARITABLENESS
Char"i*ta*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being charitable; the exercise of charity.

CHARITABLY
Char"i*ta*bly, adv.

Defn: In a charitable manner.

CHARITY
Char"i*ty, n.; pl. Charities. Etym: [F. charité fr. L. caritas
dearness, high regard, love, from carus dear, costly, loved; asin to
Skr. kam to wish, love, cf. Ir. cara a friend, W. caru to love. Cf.
Caress.]

1. Love; universal benevolence; good will.

Defn:
Now abideth faith, hope, charity, three; but the greatest of these is
charity. 1. Cor. xiii. 13.
They, at least, are little to be envied, in whose hearts the great
charities . . . lie dead. Ruskin.
With malice towards none, with charity for all. Lincoln.

2. Liberality in judging of men and their actions; a disposition
which inclines men to put the best construction on the words and
actions of others.
The highest exercise of charity is charity towards the uncharitable.
Buckminster.

3. Liberality to the poor and the suffering, to benevolent
institutions, or to worthy causes; generosity.
The heathen poet, in commending the charity of Dido to the Trojans,
spake like a Christian. Dryden.

4. Whatever is bestowed gratuitously on the needy or suffering for
their relief; alms; any act of kindness.
She did ill then to refuse her a charity. L'Estrange.

5. A charitable institution, or a gift to create and support such an
institution; as, Lady Margaret's charity.

6. pl. (Law)

Defn: Eleemosynary appointments [grants or devises] including relief
of the poor or friendless, education, religious culture, and public
institutions.
The charities that soothe, and heal, and bless, Are scattered at the
feet of man like flowers. Wordsworth.
Sisters of Charity (R. C. Ch.), a sisterhood of religious women
engaged in works of mercy, esp. in nursing the sick; -- a popular
designation. There are various orders of the Sisters of Charity.

Syn.
 -- Love; benevolence; good will; affection; tenderness; beneficence;
liberality; almsgiving.

CHARIVARI
Cha*ri`va*ri", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A mock serenade of discordant noises, made with kettles, tin
horns, etc., designed to annoy and insult.

Note: It was at first performed before the house of any person of
advanced age who married a second time.

CHARK
Chark, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. charcoal.]

Defn: Charcoal; a cinder. [Obs.] DeFoe.

CHARK
Chark, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Charked.]

Defn: To burn to a coal; to char. [Obs.]

CHARLATAN
Char"la*tan, n. Etym: [F. charlatan, fr. It. ciarlatano, fr. ciarlare
to chartter, prate; of imitative origin; cf. It. zirlare to whistle
like a thrush.]

Defn: One who prates much in his own favor, and makes unwarrantable
pretensions; a quack; an impostor; an empiric; a mountebank.

CHARLATANIC; CHARLATANICAL
Char`la*tan"ic, Char`la*tan"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or like a charlatan; making undue pretension; empirical;
pretentious; quackish.
 -- Char`la*tan"ic*al*ly, adv.

CHARLATANISM
Char"la*tan*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. charlatanisme.]

Defn: Charlatanry.

CHARLATANRY
Char"la*tan*ry, n. Etym: [F. charlatanrie, from It. ciarlataneria.
See Charlatan.]

Defn: Undue pretensions to skill; quackery; wheedling; empiricism.

CHARLES'S WAIN
Charles's Wain. Etym: [Charles + wain; cf. AS. Carles w (for wægn),
Sw. karlvagnen, Dan. karlsvogn. See Churl, and Wain.] (Astron.)

Defn: The group of seven stars, commonly called the Dipper, in the
constellation Ursa Major, or Great Bear. See Ursa major, under Ursa.

Note: The name is sometimes also applied to the Constellation.

CHARLIE
Char"lie, n.

1. A familiar nickname or substitute for Charles.

2.  A night watchman; -- an old name.

3.  A short, pointed beard, like that worn by Charles I.

4.  As a proper name, a fox; -- so called in fables and familiar
literature.

CHARLOCK
Char"lock, n. Etym: [AS. cerlic; the latter part perh. fr. AS. leác
leek. Cf. Hemlock.] (Bot.)

Defn: A cruciferous plant (Brassica sinapistrum) with yellow flowers;
wild mustard. It is troublesome in grain fields. Called also
chardock, chardlock, chedlock, and kedlock. Jointed charlock, White
charlock, a troublesome weed (Raphanus Raphanistrum) with straw-
colored, whitish, or purplish flowers, and jointed pods: wild radish.

CHARLOTTE
Char"lotte, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A kind of pie or pudding made by lining a dish with slices of
bread, and filling it with bread soaked in milk, and baked. Charlotte
Russe (, or Charlotte à la russe Etym: [F., lit., Russian charlotte]
(Cookery), a dish composed of custard or whipped cream, inclosed in
sponge cake.

CHARM
Charm, n. Etym: [F. charme, fr. L. carmen song, verse, incantation,
for casmen, akin to Skr. çasman, çasa, a laudatory song, from a root
signifying to praise, to sing.]

1. A melody; a song. [Obs.]
With charm of earliest birds. Milton.
Free liberty to chant our charms at will. Spenser.

2. A word or combination of words sung or spoken in the practice of
magic; a magical combination of words, characters, etc.; an
incantation.
My high charms work. Shak.

3. That which exerts an irresistible power to please and attract;
that which fascinates; any alluring quality.
Charms strike the sight, but merit wins the soul. Pope.
The charm of beauty's powerful glance. Milton.

4. Anything worn for its supposed efficacy to the wearer in averting
ill or securing good fortune.

5. Any small decorative object worn on the person, as a seal, a key,
a silver whistle, or the like. Bunches of charms are often worn at
the watch chain.

Syn. - Spell; incantation; conjuration; enchantment; fascination;
attraction.

CHARM
Charm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Charmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Charming.] Etym:
[Cf. F. charmer. See Charm, n.]

1. To make music upon; to tune. [Obs. & R.]
Here we our slender pipes may safely charm. Spenser.

2. To subdue, control, or summon by incantation or supernatural
influence; to affect by magic.
No witchcraft charm thee! Shak.

3. To subdue or overcome by some secret power, or by that which gives
pleasure; to allay; to soothe.
Music the fiercest grief can charm. Pope.

4. To attract irresistibly; to delight exceedingly; to enchant; to
fascinate.
They, on their mirth and dance Intent, with jocund music charm his
ear. Milton.

5. To protect with, or make invulnerable by, spells, charms, or
supernatural influences; as, a charmed life.
I, in my own woe charmed, Could not find death. Shak.

Syn. - To fascinate; enchant; enrapture; captivate; bewitch; allure;
subdue; delight; entice; transport.

CHARM
Charm, v. i.

1. To use magic arts or occult power; to make use of charms.
The voice of charmers, charming never so wisely. Ps. lviii. 5.

2. To act as, or produce the effect of, a charm; to please greatly;
to be fascinating.

3. To make a musical sound. [Obs.] Milton.

CHARMEL
Char"mel, n. Etym: [Heb.]

Defn: A fruitful field.
Libanus shall be turned into charmel, and charmel shall be esteemed
as a forest. Isa. xxix. 17 (Douay version).

CHARMER
Charm"er, n.

1. One who charms, or has power to charm; one who uses the power of
enchantment; a magician. Deut. xviii. 11.

2. One who delights and attracts the affections.

CHARMERESS
Charm"er*ess, n.

Defn: An enchantress. Chaucer.

CHARMFUL
Charm"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding with charms. "His charmful lyre." Cowley.

CHARMING
Charm"ing, a.

Defn: Pleasing the mind or senses in a high degree; delighting;
fascinating; attractive.
How charming is divine philosophy. Milton.

Syn. - Enchanting; bewitching; captivating; enrapturing; alluring;
fascinating; delightful; pleasurable; graceful; lovely; amiable;
pleasing; winning.
 -- Charm"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Charm"ing*ness, n.

CHARMLESS
Charm"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of charms. Swift.

CHARNECO; CHARNICO
Char"ne*co, Char"ni*co, n.

Defn: A sort of sweet wine. [Obs.] Shak.

CHARNEL
Char"nel, a. Etym: [F. charnel carnal, fleshly, fr. L. carnalis. See
Carnal.]

Defn: Containing the bodies of the dead. "Charnel vaults." Milton.
Charnel house, a tomb, vault, cemetery, or other place where the
bones of the dead are deposited; originally, a place for the bones
thrown up when digging new graves in old burial grounds.

CHARNEL
Char"nel, n.

Defn: A charnel house; a grave; a cemetery.
In their proud charnel of Thermopylæ. Byron.

CHARON
Cha"ron, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Cless. Myth.)

Defn: The son of Erebus and Nox, whose office it was to ferry the
souls of the dead over the Styx, a river of the infernal regions.
Shak.

CHARPIE
Char"pie, n. Etym: [F., properly fem. p. p. of OF. charpir, carpir,
to pluck, fr. L. carpere. Cf. Carpet.] (Med.)

Defn: Straight threads obtained by unraveling old linen cloth; --
used for surgical dressings.

CHARQUI
Char"qui, n. Etym: [Sp. A term used in South America, Central
America, and the Western United States.]

Defn: Jerked beef; beef cut into long strips and dried in the wind
and sun. Darwin.

CHARR
Charr, n.

Defn: See 1st Char.

CHARRAS
Char"ras, n.

Defn: The gum resin of the hemp plant (Cannabis sativa). Same as
Churrus. Balfour.

CHARRE
Charre, n. Etym: [LL. charrus a certain weight.]

Defn: See Charge, n., 17.

CHARRY
Char"ry, a. Etym: [See 6th Char.]

Defn: Pertaining to charcoal, or partaking of its qualities.

CHART
Chart, n. Etym: [A doublet of card: cf. F. charte charter, carte
card. See Card, and cf. Charter.]

1. A sheet of paper, pasteboard, or the like, on which information is
exhibited, esp. when the information is arranged in tabular form; as,
an historical chart.

2. A map; esp., a hydrographic or marine map; a map on which is
projected a portion of water and the land which it surrounds, or by
which it is surrounded, intended especially for the use of seamen;
as, the United States Coast Survey charts; the English Admiralty
charts.

3. A written deed; a charter. Globular chart, a chart constructed on
a globular projection. See under Globular.
 -- Heliographic chart, a map of the sun with its spots.
 -- Mercator's chart, a chart constructed on the principle of
Mercator's projection. See Projection.
 -- Plane chart, a representation of some part of the superficies of
the globe, in which its spherical form is disregarded, the meridians
being drawn parallel to each other, and the parallels of latitude at
equal distances.
 -- Selenographic chart, a map representing the surface of the moon.
 -- Topographic chart, a minute delineation of a limited place or
region.

CHART
Chart, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Charted.]

Defn: To lay down in a chart; to map; to delineate; as, to chart a
coast.

CHARTA
Char"ta, n. Etym: [L., leaf of paper. See Chart.] (Law)
(a) Material on which instruments, books, etc., are written;
parchment or paper.
(b) A charter or deed; a writing by which a grant is made. See Magna
Charta.

CHARTACEOUS
Char*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [L. chartaceus. See Charta.]

Defn: Resembling paper or parchment; of paper-like texture; papery.

CHARTE
Charte, n. Etym: [F. See Chart.]

Defn: The constitution, or fundamental law, of the French monarchy,
as established on the restoration of Louis XVIII., in 1814.

CHARTER
Char"ter, n. Etym: [OF. chartre, F. chartre, charte, fr. L. chartula
a little paper, dim. of charta. See Chart, Card.]

1. A written evidence in due form of things done or granted,
contracts made, etc., between man and man; a deed, or conveyance.
[Archaic]

2. An instrument in writing, from the sovereign power of a state or
country, executed in due form, bestowing rights, franchises, or
privileges.
The king [John, a.d. 1215], with a facility somewhat suspicious,
signed and sealed the charter which was required of him. This famous
deed, commonly called the "Great Charter," either granted or secured
very important liberties and privileges to every order of men in the
kingdom. Hume.

3. An act of a legislative body creating a municipal or other
corporation and defining its powers and privileges. Also, an
instrument in writing from the constituted authorities of an order or
society (as the Freemasons), creating a lodge and defining its
powers.

4. A special privilege, immunity, or exemption.
My mother, Who has a charter to extol her blood, When she does praise
me, grieves me. Shak.

5. (Com.)

Defn: The letting or hiring a vessel by special contract, or the
contract or instrument whereby a vessel is hired or let; as, a ship
is offered for sale or charter. See Charter party, below. Charter
land (O. Eng. Law), land held by charter, or in socage; bookland.
 -- Charter member, one of the original members of a society or
corporation, esp. one named in a charter, or taking part in the first
proceedings under it.
 -- Charter party Etym: [F. chartre partie, or charte partie, a
divided charter; from the practice of cutting the instrument of
contract in two, and giving one part to each of the contractors]
(Com.), a mercantile lease of a vessel; a specific contract by which
the owners of a vessel let the entire vessel, or some principal part
of the vessel, to another person, to be used by the latter in
transportation for his own account, either under their charge or his.
 -- People's Charter (Eng. Hist.), the document which embodied the
demands made by the Chartists, so called, upon the English government
in 1838.

CHARTER
Char"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chartered; p. pr. & vb. n. Chartering.]

1. To establish by charter.

2. To hire or let by charter, as a ship. See Charter party, under
Charter, n.

CHARTERED
Char"tered, a.

1. Granted or established by charter; having, or existing under, a
charter; having a privilege by charter.
The sufficiency of chartered rights. Palfrey.
The air, a chartered libertine. Shak.

2. Hired or let by charter, as a ship.

CHARTERER
Char"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who charters; esp. one who hires a ship for a voyage.

CHARTERHOUSE
Char"ter*house`, n.

Defn: A well known public school and charitable foundation in the
building once used as a Carthusian monastery (Chartreuse) in London.

CHARTERIST
Char"ter*ist, n.

Defn: Same as Chartist.

CHARTISM
Chart"ism, n. Etym: [F. charte charter. Cf. Charte, Chart.]

Defn: The principles of a political party in England (1838-48), which
contended for universal suffrage, the vote by ballot, annual
parliaments, equal electoral districts, and other radical reforms, as
set forth in a document called the People's Charter.

CHARTIST
Chart"ist, n.

Defn: A supporter or partisan of chartism. [Eng.]

CHARTLESS
Chart"less, a.

1. Without a chart; having no guide.

2. Not mapped; uncharted; vague. Barlow.

CHARTOGRAPHER; CHARTOGRAPHIC; CHARTOGRAPHY
Char*tog"ra*pher, n., Char`to*graph"ic (, a., Char*tog"ra*phy (, n.,
etc.

Defn: Same as Cartographer, Cartographic, Cartography, etc.

CHARTOMANCY
Char"to*man`cy, n. Etym: [L. charta paper + -mancy. Cf. Cartomancy.]

Defn: Divination by written paper or by cards.

CHARTOMETER
Char*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Chart + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring charts or maps.

CHARTREUSE
Char`treuse", n. Etym: [F.]

1. A Carthusian monastery; esp. La Grande Chartreuse, mother house of
the order, in the mountains near Grenoble, France.

2. An alcoholic cordial, distilled from aromatic herbs; -- made at La
Grande Chartreuse.

CHARTREUX
Char`treux", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A Carthusian.

CHARTULARY
Char"tu*la*ry, n.

Defn: See Cartulary.

CHARWOMAN
Char"wom`an, n.; pl. Charwomen. Etym: [See Char a chore.]

Defn: A woman hired for odd work or for single days.

CHARY
Char"y, a. Etym: [AS. cearig careful, fr. cearu care. See Care.]

Defn: Careful; wary; cautious; not rash, reckless, or spendthrift;
saving; frugal.
His rising reputation made him more chary of his fame. Jeffrey.

CHARYBDIS
Cha*ryb"dis, n. Etym: [L., Gr.

Defn: A dangerous whirlpool on the coast of Sicily opposite Scylla on
the Italian coast. It is personified as a female monster. See Scylla.

CHASABLE
Chas"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being chased; fit for hunting. Gower.

CHASE
Chase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chased; p. pr. & vb. n. Chasing.] Etym:
[OF. chacier, F. chasser, fr. (assumed) LL. captiare, fr. L. captare
to strive to seize. See Catch.]

1. To pursue for the purpose of killing or taking, as an enemy, or
game; to hunt.
We are those which chased you from the field. Shak.
Philologists, who chase A panting syllable through time and place.
Cowper.

2. To follow as if to catch; to pursue; to compel to move on; to
drive by following; to cause to fly; -- often with away or off; as,
to chase the hens away.
Chased by their brother's endless malice from prince to prince and
from place to place. Knolles.

3. To pursue eagerly, as hunters pursue game.
Chasing each other merrily. Tennyson.

CHASE
Chase, v. i.

Defn: To give chase; to hunt; as, to chase around after a doctor.
[Colloq.]

CHASE
Chase, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chasse, fr. chasser. See Chase, v.]

1. Vehement pursuit for the purpose of killing or capturing, as of an
enemy, or game; an earnest seeking after any object greatly desired;
the act or habit of hunting; a hunt. "This mad chase of fame."
Dryden.
You see this chase is hotly followed. Shak.

2. That which is pursued or hunted.
Nay, Warwick, seek thee out some other chase, For I myself must hunt
this deer to death. Shak.

3. An open hunting ground to which game resorts, and which is private
properly, thus differing from a forest, which is not private
property, and from a park, which is inclosed. Sometimes written
chace. [Eng.]

4. (Court Tennis)

Defn: A division of the floor of a gallery, marked by a figure or
otherwise; the spot where a ball falls, and between which and the
dedans the adversary must drive his ball in order to gain a point.
Chase gun (Naut.), a cannon placed at the bow or stern of an armed
vessel, and used when pursuing an enemy, or in defending the vessel
when pursued.
 -- Chase port (Naut.), a porthole from which a chase gun is fired.
 -- Stern chase (Naut.), a chase in which the pursuing vessel follows
directly in the wake of the vessel pursued.

CHASE
Chase, n. Etym: [F. cháse, fr. L. capsa box, case. See Case a box.]
(Print.)

1. A rectangular iron frame in which pages or columns of type are
imposed.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: The part of a cannon from the reënforce or the trunnions to the
swell of the muzzle. See Cannon.

3. A groove, or channel, as in the face of a wall; a trench, as for
the reception of drain tile.

4. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A kind of joint by which an overlap joint is changed to a flush
joint, by means of a gradually deepening rabbet, as at the ends of
clinker-built boats.

CHASE
Chase, v. t. Etym: [A contraction of enchase.]

1. To ornament (a surface of metal) by embossing, cutting away parts,
and the like.

2. To cut, so as to make a screw thread.

CHASER
Chas"er, n.

1. One who or that which chases; a pursuer; a driver; a hunter.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Same as Chase gun, esp. in terms bow chaser and stern chaser.
See under Bow, Stern.

CHASER
Chas"er, n.

1. One who chases or engraves. See 5th Chase, and Enchase.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A tool with several points, used for cutting or finishing screw
threads, either external or internal, on work revolving in a lathe.

CHASIBLE
Chas"i*ble, n.

Defn: See Chasuble.

CHASING
Chas"ing, n.

Defn: The art of ornamenting metal by means of chasing tools; also, a
piece of ornamental work produced in this way.

CHASM
Chasm, n. Etym: [L. chasma, Gr. Chaos.]

1. A deep opening made by disruption, as a breach in the earth or a
rock; a yawning abyss; a cleft; a fissure.
That deep, romantic chasm which slanted down the green hill.
Coleridge.

2. A void space; a gap or break, as in ranks of men.
Memory . . . fills up the chasms of thought. Addison.

CHASMED
Chasmed, a.

Defn: Having gaps or a chasm. [R.]

CHASMY
Chas"my, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a chasm; abounding in chasms. Carlyle.
They cross the chasmy torrent's foam-lit bed. Wordsworth.

CHASSE
Chas`se", n. Etym: [F., fr. chassé, p. p. of chasser to chase.]

Defn: A movement in dancing, as across or to the right or left.

CHASSE
Chas`se", v. i. (Dancing)

Defn: To make the movement called chassé; as, all chassé; chassé to
the right or left.

CHASSE-CAFE
Chasse`-ca`fé", n. [F., fr. chasser to chase + café coffee.]

Defn: See Chasse, n., above.

CHASSELAS
Chas"se*las, n. Etym: [F., from the village of Chasselas.]

Defn: A white grape, esteemed for the table.

CHASSE-MAREE
Chasse`-ma`rée", n. [F., fr. chasser to chase + marée tide.] (Naut.)

Defn: A French coasting lugger.

CHASSEPOT
Chasse`pot", n. Etym: [From the French inventor, A. A. Chassepot.]
(Mil.)

Defn: A kind of breechloading, center-fire rifle, or improved needle
gun.

CHASSEUR
Chas`seur", n. Etym: [F., a huntsman. See Chase to pursue.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: One of a body of light troops, cavalry or infantry, trained for
rapid movements.

2. An attendant upon persons of rank or wealth, wearing a plume and
sword.
The great chasseur who had announced her arrival. W. Irving.

CHASSIS
Chas"sis, n. Etym: [F. ch.] (Mil.)

Defn: A traversing base frame, or movable railway, along which the
carriage of a barbette or casemate gum moves backward and forward.
[See Gun carriage.]

CHAST
Chast, v. t.

Defn: to chasten. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHASTE
Chaste, a. Etym: [F. chaste, from L. castus pure, chaste; cf. Gr. to
purify.]

1. Pure from unlawful sexual intercourse; virtuous; continent. "As
chaste as Diana." Shak.
Whose bed is undefiled and chaste pronounced. Milton.

2. Pure in thought and act; innocent; free from lewdness and
obscenity, or indecency in act or speech; modest; as, a chaste mind;
chaste eyes.

3. Pure in design and expression; correct; free from barbarisms or
vulgarisms; refined; simple; as, a chaste style in composition or
art.
That great model of chaste, lofty, and eloquence, the Book of Common
Prayer. Macaulay.

4. Unmarried. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- Undefiled; pure; virtuous; continent; immaculate; spotless.
Chaste tree. Same as Agnus castus.

CHASTELY
Chaste"ly, adv.

Defn: In a chaste manner; with purity.

CHASTEN
Chas"ten, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chastened; p. pr. & vb. n. Chastening.]
Etym: [OE. chastien, OF. Chastier, F. Ch, fr. L. castigare to punish,
chastise; castus pure + agere to lead, drive. See Chaste, Act, and
cf. Castigate, Chastise.]

1. To correct by punishment; to inflict pain upon the purpose of
reclaiming; to discipline; as, to chasten a son with a rod.
For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth. Heb. xii. 6.

2. To purify from errors or faults; to refine.
They [classics] chasten and enlarge the mind, and excite to noble
actions. Layard.

Syn.
 -- To chastise; punish; correct; discipline; castigate; afflict;
subdue; purify. To Chasten, Punish, Chastise. To chasten is to
subject to affliction or trouble, in order to produce a general
change for the better in life or character. To punish is to inflict
penalty for violation of law, disobedience to authority, or
intentional wrongdoing. To chastise is to punish a particular
offense, as with stripes, especially with the hope that suffering or
disgrace may prevent a repetition of faults.

CHASTENED
Chas"tened, a.

Defn: Corrected; disciplined; refined; purified; toned down. Sir. W.
Scott.
Of such a finished chastened purity. Tennyson.

CHASTENER
Chas"ten*er, n.

Defn: One who chastens.

CHASTENESS
Chaste"ness, n.

1. Chastity; purity.

2. (Literature & Art)

Defn: Freedom from all that is meretricious, gaundy, or affected; as,
chasteness of design.

CHASTISABLE
Chas*tis"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable or deserving of chastisement; punishable. Sherwood.

CHASTISE
Chas*tise", v. t. [imp & p. p. Chastised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chastising.] Etym: [OE. chastisen; chastien + ending -isen + modern -
ise, ize, L. izare, G. Chasten.]

1. To inflict pain upon, by means of stripes, or in any other manner,
for the purpose of punishment or reformation; to punish, as with
stripes.
How fine my master is! I am afraid He will chastise me. Shak.
I am glad to see the vanity or envy of the canting chemists thus
discovered and chastised. Boyle.

2. To reduce to order or obedience; to correct or purify; to free
from faults or excesses.
The gay, social sense, by decency chastised. Thomson.

Syn.
 -- See Chasten.

CHASTISEMENT
Chas"tise*ment, n. Etym: [From Chastise.]

Defn: The act of chastising; pain inflicted for punishment and
correction; discipline; punishment.
Shall I so much dishonor my fair stars, On equal terms to give him
chastesement! Shak.
I have borne chastisement; I will not offend any more. Job xxxiv. 31.

CHASTISER
Chas*tis"er, n.

Defn: One who chastises; a punisher; a corrector. Jer. Taylor.
The chastiser of the rich. Burke.

CHASTITY
Chas"ti*ty, n. Etym: [F. chasteté, fr. L. castitas, fr. castus. See
Chaste.]

1. The state of being chaste; purity of body; freedom from unlawful
sexual intercourse.
She . . . hath preserved her spotless chastity. T. Carew.

2. Moral purity.
So dear to heaven is saintly chastity, That, when a soul is found
sicerely so A thousand liveried angels lackey her. Milton.

3. The unmarried life; celibacy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. (Literature & Art)

Defn: Chasteness.

CHASUBLE
Chas"u*ble, n. Etym: [F. chasuble, LL. casubula, cassibula, casula, a
hooded garment, covering the person like a little house; cf. It.
casupola, casipola, cottage, dim of L. casa cottage.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The outer vestment worn by the priest in saying Mass,
consisting, in the Roman Catholic Church, of a broad, flat, back
piece, and a narrower front piece, the two connected over the
shoulders only. The back has usually a large cross, the front an
upright bar or pillar, designed to be emblematical of Christ's
sufferings. In the Greek Church the chasuble is a large round mantle.
[Written also chasible, and chesible.]

CHAT
Chat, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chatted; p. pr. & vb. n. Chatting.] Etym:
[From Chatter. *22.]

Defn: To talk in a light and familiar manner; to converse without
form or ceremony; to gossip. Shak.
To chat a while on their adventures. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To talk; chatter; gossip; converse.

CHAT
Chat, v. t.

Defn: To talk of. [Obs.]

CHAT
Chat, n.

1. Light, familiar talk; conversation; gossip.
Snuff, or fan, supply each pause of chat, With singing, laughing,
ogling, and all that. Pope.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the genus Icteria, allied to the warblers, in
America. The best known species are the yelow-breasted chat (I.
viridis), and the long chat (I. longicauda). In Europe the name is
given to several birds of the family Saxicolidæ, as the stonechat,
and whinchat. Bush chat. (Zoöl.) See under Bush.

CHAT
Chat, n.

1. A twig, cone, or little branch. See Chit.

2. pl. (Mining)

Defn: Small stones with ore. Chat potatoes, small potatoes, such as
are given to swine. [Local.]

CHATEAU
Cha`teau", n.; pl. Chateux. Etym: [F. château a castle. See Castle.]

1. A castle or a fortress in France.

2. A manor house or residence of the lord of the manor; a gentleman's
country seat; also, particularly, a royal residence; as, the chateau
of the Louvre; the chateau of the Luxembourg.

Note: The distinctive, French term for a fortified caste of the
middle ages is château-fort. Chateau en Espagne ( Etym: [F.], a
castle in Spain, that is, a castle in the air, Spain being the region
of romance.

CHATELAINE
Chat"e*laine, n. Etym: [F. châtelaine the wife of a castellan, the
mistress of a chateau, a chatelaine chain.]

Defn: An ornamental hook, or brooch worn by a lady at her waist, and
having a short chain or chains attached for a watch, keys, trinkets,
etc. Also used adjectively; as, a chatelaine chain.

CHATELET
Chat"e*let, n. Etym: [F. châtelet, dim. of château. See Castle.]

Defn: A little castle.

CHATELLANY
Chat"el*la*ny, n. Etym: [F. châtellenie.]

Defn: Same as Castellany.

CHATI
Cha`ti", n. Etym: [Cf. F. chat cat.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American species of tiger cat (Felis mitis).

CHATOYANT
Cha*toy"ant, a. Etym: [F., p. pr. of chatoyer to be chatoyant, fr.
chat cat.] (Min.)

Defn: Having a changeable, varying luster, or color, like that of a
changeable silk, or oa a cat's eye in the dark.

CHATOYANT
Cha*toy"ant, n. (Min.)

Defn: A hard stone, as the cat's-eye, which presents on a polished
surface, and in the interior, an undulating or wary light.

CHATOYMENT
Cha*toy"ment, n. Etym: [F. chatoiement. See Chatoyant.]

Defn: Changeableness of color, as in a mineral; play of colors.
Cleaceland.

CHATTEL
Chat"tel, n. Etym: [OF. chatel; another form of catel. See Cattle.]
(Law)

Defn: Any item of movable or immovable property except the freehold,
or the things which are parcel of it. It is a more extensive term
than goods or effects.

Note: Chattels are personal or real: personal are such as are
movable, as goods, plate, money; real are such rights in land as are
less than a freehold, as leases, mortgages, growing corn, etc.
Chattel mortgage (Law), a mortgage on personal property, as
distinguished from one on real property.

CHATTELISM
Chat"tel*ism, n.

Defn: The act or condition of holding chattels; the state of being a
chattel.

CHATTER
Chat"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chattered; p. pr. & vb. n. Chattering.]
Etym: [Of imitative origin. Cf. Chat, v. i. Chitter.]

1. To utter sounds which somewhat resemble language, but are
inarticulate and indistinct.
The jaw makes answer, as the magpie chatters. Wordsworth.

2. To talk idly, carelessly, or with undue rapidity; to jabber; to
prate.
To tame a shrew, and charm her chattering tongue. Shak.

3. To make a noise by rapid collisions.
With chattering teeth, and bristling hair upright. Dryden.

CHATTER
Chat"ter, v. t.

Defn: To utter rapidly, idly, or indistinctly.
Begin his witless note apace to chatter. Spenser.

CHATTER
Chat"ter, n.

1. Sounds like those of a magpie or monkey; idle talk; rapid,
thoughtless talk; jabber; prattle.
Your words are but idle and empty chatter. Longfellow.

2. Noise made by collision of the teeth, as in shivering.

CHATTERATION
Chat*ter*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act or habit of chattering. [Colloq.]

CHATTERER
Chat"ter*er, n.

1. A prater; an idle talker.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the family Ampelidæ -- so called from its monotonous
note. The Bohemion chatterer (Ampelis garrulus) inhabits the arctic
regions of both continents. In America the cedar bird is a more
common species. See Bohemian chatterer, and Cedar bird.

CHATTERING
Chat"ter*ing, n.

Defn: The act or habit of talking idly or rapidly, or of making
inarticulate sounds; the sounds so made; noise made by the collision
of the teeth; chatter.

CHATTER MARK
Chat"ter mark`.
 (a) (Mach.) One of the fine undulations or ripples which are formed
on the surface of work by a cutting tool which chatters.
 (b) (Geol.) A short crack on a rock surface planed smooth by a
glacier.

CHATTINESS
Chat"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being chatty, or of talking easily and
pleasantly.

CHATTY
Chat"ty, a.

Defn: Given to light, familiar talk; talkative. Lady M. W. Montagu.

CHATTY
Chat"ty, n. Etym: [Tamil shati.]

Defn: A porous earthen pot used in India for cooling water, etc.

CHATWOOD
Chat"wood`, n. Etym: [Chat a little stick + wood.]

Defn: Little sticks; twigs for burning; fuel. Johnson.

CHAUD-MEDLEY
Chaud"-med`ley, n. Etym: [F. chaude mêlée; chaud hot + mêler
(Formerly sometimes spelt medler) to mingle.] (Law)

Defn: The killing of a person in an affray, in the heat of blood, and
while under the influence of passion, thus distinguished from chance-
medley or killing in self-defense, or in a casual affray. Burrill.

CHAUDRON
Chau"dron, n.

Defn: See Chawdron. [Obs.]

CHAUFFER
Chauf"fer, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chauffoir a kind of stone, fr. chauffer
to heat. See Chafe.] (Chem.)

Defn: A table stove or small furnace, usually a cylindrical box of
sheet iron, with a grate at the bottem, and an open top.

CHAUFFEUR
Chauf`feur", n. [F., lit., stoker.]

1.  [pl.] (F. Hist.)

Defn: Brigands in bands, who, about 1793, pillaged, burned, and
killed in parts of France; -- so called because they used to burn the
feet of their victims to extort money.

2.  One who manages the running of an automobile; esp., the paid
operator of a motor vehicle.

CHAUFFEUSE
Chauf`feuse", n. [F., fem. of chauffeur.]

Defn: A woman chauffeur.

CHAULDRON
Chaul"dron, n.

Defn: See Chawdron. [Obs.]

CHAUN
Chaun, n.

Defn: A gap. [Obs.] Colgrave.

CHAUN
Chaun, v. t. & i.

Defn: To open; to yawn. [Obs.]
O, chaun thy breast. Marston.

CHAUNT
Chaunt, n. & v.

Defn: See Chant.

CHAUNTER
Chaunt"er, n.

1. A street seller of ballads and other broadsides. [Slang, Eng.]

2. A deceitful, tricky dealer or horse jockey. [Colloq.]
He was a horse chaunter; he's a leg now. Dickens.

3. The flute of a bagpipe. See Chanter, n., 3.

CHAUNTERIE
Chaunt"er*ie, n.

Defn: See Chantry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHAUS
Cha"us, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: a lynxlike animal of Asia and Africa (Lynx Lybicus).

CHAUSSES
Chausses, n. pl. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The garment for the legs and feet and for the body below the
waist, worn in Europe throughout the Middle Ages; applied also to the
armor for the same parts, when fixible, as of chain mail.

CHAUSSURE
Chaus`sure", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A foot covering of any kind.

CHAUTAUQUA SYSTEM OF EDUCATION
Chau*tau"qua sys"tem of education.

Defn: The system of home study established in connection with the
summer schools assembled at Chautauqua, N. Y., by the Methodist
Episcopal bishop, J. H. Vincent.

CHAUVINISM
Chau"vin*ism, n. Etym: [F. chauvinisme, from Chauvin, a character
represented as making grotesque and threatening displays of his
attachment to his fallen chief, Napoleon I., in 1815.]

Defn: Blind and absurd devotion to a fallen leader or an obsolete
cause; hence, absurdly vainglorious or exaggerated patriotism.
 -- Chau"vin*ist, n.
 -- Chau`vin*is"tic (, a.

Note: To have a generous belief in the greatness of one's country is
not chauvinism. It is the character of the latter quality to be
wildly extravagant, to be fretful and childish and silly, to resent a
doubt as an insult, and to offend by its very frankness. Prof. H.
Tuttle.

CHAVENDER
Chav"en*der, n. Etym: [Cf. Cheven.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chub. Walton.

CHAW
Chaw, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chawed; p. pr. & vb. n. Chawing.] Etym:
[See Chew.]

1. To grind with the teeth; to masticate, as food in eating; to chew,
as the cud; to champ, as the bit.
The trampling steed, with gold and purple trapped, Chawing the foamy
bit, there fiercely stood. Surrey.

2. To ruminate in thought; to consider; to keep the mind working
upon; to brood over. Dryden.

Note: A word formerly in good use, but now regarded as vulgar.

CHAW
Chaw, n. Etym: [See Chaw, v. t.]

1. As much as is put in the mouth at once; a chew; a quid. [Law]

2. Etym: [Cf. Jaw.]

Defn: The jaw. [Obs.] Spenser. Chaw bacon, a rustic; a bumpkin; a
lout. (Law) -- Chaw tooth, a grinder. (Law)

CHAWDRON
Chaw"dron, n. Etym: [OF. chaudun, caudun, caldun; cf. G. kaldaunen
guts, bowels, LL. calduna intestine, W. coluddyn gut, dim. of coludd
bowels.]

Defn: Entrails. [Obs.] [Written also chaudron, chauldron.] Shak.

CHAY ROOT
Chay" root`. Etym: [Tamil shaya.]

Defn: The root of the Oldenlandia umbellata, native in India, which
yieds a durable red dyestuff. [Written also choy root.]

CHAZY EPOCH
Cha*zy" ep"och. (Geol.)

Defn: An epoch at the close of the Canadian period of the American
Lower Silurian system; -- so named from a township in Clinton Co.,
New York. See the Diagram under Geology.

CHEAP
Cheap, n. Etym: [AS. ceáp bargain, sale, price; akin to D. Koop
purchase, G. Kauf, ICel. kaup bargain. Cf. Cheapen, Chapman, Chaffer,
Cope, v. i.]

Defn: A bargain; a purchase; cheapness. [Obs.]
The sack that thou hast drunk me would have bought me lights as good
cheap at the dearest chandler's in Europe. Shak.

CHEAP
Cheap, a. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. "good cheap": a good purchase or
bargain; cf. F. bon marché, à bon marché. See Cheap, n., Cheapen.]

1. Having a low price in market; of small cost or price, as compared
with the usual price or the real value.
Where there are a great sellers to a few buyers, there the thing to
be sold will be cheap. Locke.

2. Of comparatively small value; common; mean.
You grow cheap in every subject's eye. Dryden.
Dog cheap, very cheap, -- a phrase formed probably by the
catachrestical transposition of good cheap. [Colloq.]

CHEAP
Cheap, adv.

Defn: Cheaply. Milton.

CHEAP
Cheap, v. i.

Defn: To buy; to bargain. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHEAPEN
Cheap"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cheapened; p. pr. & vb. n. Cheapening.]
Etym: [OE. cheapien, chepen, to trade, buy, sell, AS. ceápian; akin
to D. koopen to buy, G. kaufen, Icel. kaupa, Goth. kaupon to trade.
Cf. Chap to bargain.]

1. To ask the price of; to bid, bargain, or chaffer for. [Obsoles.]
Pretend to cheapen goods, but nothing buy. Swift.

2. Etym: [Cf. Cheap, a.]

Defn: To beat down the price of; to lessen the value of; to
depreciate. Pope.
My proffered love has cheapened me. Dryden.

CHEAPENER
Cheap"en*er, n.

Defn: One who cheapens.

CHEAP-JACK; CHEAP-JOHN
Cheap"-jack`, Cheap"-john`, n.

Defn: A seller of low-priced or second goods; a hawker.

CHEAPLY
Cheap"ly, adv.

Defn: At a small price; at a low value; in a common or inferior
manner.

CHEAPNESS
Cheap"ness, n.

Defn: Lowness in price, considering the usual price, or real value.

CHEAR
Chear, n. & v. [Obs.]

Defn: See Cheer.

CHEAT
Cheat, n. Etym: [rob. an abbrevation of escheat, lands or tenements
that fall to a lord or to the state by forfeiture, or by the death of
the tenant without heirs; the meaning being explained by the frauds,
real or supposed, that were resorted to in procuring escheats. See
Escheat.]

1. An act of deception or fraud; that which is the means of fraud or
deception; a fraud; a trick; imposition; imposture.
When I consider life, 'tis all a cheat. Dryden.

2. One who cheats or deceives; an impostor; a deceiver; a cheater.
Airy wonders, which cheats interpret. Johnson

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A troublesome grass, growing as a weed in grain fields; --
called also chess. See Chess.

4. (Law)

Defn: The obtaining of property from another by an intentional active
distortion of the truth.

Note: When cheats are effected by deceitful or illegal symbols or
tokens which may affect the public at large and against which common
prudence could not have guarded, they are indictable at common law.
Wharton.

Syn.
 -- Deception; imposture; fraud; delusion; artifice; trick; swindle;
deceit; guile; finesse; stratagem.

CHEAT
Cheat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cheated; p. pr. & vb. n. Cheating.] Etym:
[See CHeat, n., Escheat.]

1. To deceive and defraud; to impose upon; to trick; to swindle.
I am subject to a tyrant, a sorcerer, that by his cunning hath
cheated me of this island. Shak.

2. To beguile. Sir W. Scott.
To cheat winter of its dreariness. W. Irving.

Syn.
 -- To trick; cozen; gull; chouse; fool; outwit; circumvent; beguile;
mislead; dupe; swindle; defraud; overreach; delude; hoodwink;
deceive; bamboozle.

CHEAT
Cheat, v. i.

Defn: To practice fraud or trickery; as, to cheat at cards.

CHEAT
Cheat, n. Etym: [Perh. from OF. cheté goods, chattels.]

Defn: Wheat, or bread made from wheat. [Obs.] Drayton.
Their purest cheat, Thrice bolted, kneaded, and subdued in paste.
Chapman.

CHEATABLE
Cheat"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being cheated.

CHEATABLENESS
Cheat"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Capability of being cheated.

CHEATER
Cheat"er, n.

1. One who cheats.

2. An escheator. [R.] Shak.

CHEBACCO
Che*bac"co, n. Etym: [From Chebacco, the former name of Essex, a town
in Massachusetts where such vessels were built.] (Naut.)

Defn: A narrow-sterned boat formerly much used in the Newfoundland
fisheries; -- called also pinkstern and chebec. Bartlett.

CHEBEC
Che"bec, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Chebacco.

CHEBEC
Che*bec", n. Etym: [Named from its note.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small American bird (Empidonax minimus); the least
flycatcher.

CHECK
Check, n. Etym: [OE. chek, OF. eschec, F. échec, a stop, hindrance,
orig. check in the game of chess, pl. échecs chess, through AR., fr.
Pers. shah king. See Shah, and cf. Checkmate, Chess, Checker.]

1. (Chess)

Defn: A word of warning denoting that the king is in danger; such a
menace of a player's king by an adversary's move as would, if it were
any other piece, expose it to immediate capture. A king so menaced is
said to be in check, and must be made safe at the next move.

2. A condition of interrupted or impeded progress; arrest; stop;
delay; as, to hold an enemy in check.
Which gave a remarkable check to the first progress of Christianity.
Addison.
No check, no stay, this streamlet fears. Wordsworth.

3. Whatever arrests progress, or limits action; an obstacle, guard,
restraint, or rebuff.
Useful check upon the administration of government. Washington.
A man whom no check could abash. Macaulay.

4. A mark, certificate, or token, by which, errors may be prevented,
or a thing or person may be identified; as, checks placed against
items in an account; a check given for baggage; a return check on a
railroad.

5. A written order directing a bank or banker to pay money as therein
stated. See Bank check, below.

6. A woven or painted design in squares resembling the patten of a
checkerboard; one of the squares of such a design; also, cloth having
such a figure.

7. (Falconry)

Defn: The forsaking by a hawk of its proper game to follow other
birds.

8. Small chick or crack. Bank check, a written order on a banker or
broker to pay money in his keeping belonging to the signer.
 -- Check book, a book containing blank forms for checks upon a bank.
 -- Check hook, a hook on the saddle of a harness, over which a
checkrein is looped.
 -- Check list, a list or catalogue by which things may be verified,
or on which they may be checked.
 -- Check nut (Mech.), a secondary nut, screwing down upon the
primary nut to secure it. Knight.
 -- Check valve (Mech.), a valve in the feed pipe of a boiler to
prevent the return of the feed water.
 -- To take check, to take offense. [Obs.] Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Hindrance; setback; interruption; obstruction; reprimand;
censure; rebuke; reproof; repulse; rebuff; tally; counterfoil;
counterbalance; ticket; draft.

CHECK
Check, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Checked; p. pr. & vb. n. checking.]

1. (Chess)

Defn: To make a move which puts an adversary's piece, esp. his king,
in check; to put in check.

2. To put a sudden restraint upon; to stop temporarily; to hinder; to
repress; to curb.
So many clogs to check and retard the headlong course of violence and
oppression. Burke.

3. To verify, to guard, to make secure, by means of a mark, token, or
other check; to distinguish by a check; to put a mark against (an
item) after comparing with an original or a counterpart in order to
secure accuracy; as, to check an account; to check baggage.

4. To chide, rebuke, or reprove.
The good king, his master, will check him for it. Shak.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: To slack or ease off, as a brace which is too stiffly extended.

6. To make checks or chinks in; to cause to crack; as, the sun checks
timber.

Syn.
 -- To restrain; curb; bridle; repress; control; hinder; impede;
obstruct; interrupt; tally; rebuke; reprove; rebuff.

CHECK
Check, v. i.

Defn: To make a stop; to pause; -- with at.
The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its power, either is
disabled for the future, or else checks at any vigorous undertaking
ever after. Locke.

2. To clash or interfere. [R.] Bacon.

3. To act as a curb or restraint.
It [his presence] checks too strong upon me. Dryden.

4. To crack or gape open, as wood in drying; or to crack in small
checks, as varnish, paint, etc.

5. (Falconry)

Defn: To turn, when in pursuit of proper game, and fly after other
birds.
And like the haggard, check at every feather That comes before his
eye. Shak.

CHECK
Check, a.

Defn: Checkered; designed in checks.

CHECKAGE
Check"age, n.

1. The act of checking; as, the checkage of a name or of an item in a
list.

2. The items, or the amount, to which attention is called by a check
or checks.

CHECKER
Check"er, n. Etym: [From Check, v. t.]

Defn: One who checks.

CHECKER
Check"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Checkered; p. pr. & vb. n. Checkering.]
Etym: [From OF. eschequier a chessboard, F. échiquier. See Check, n.,
and cf. 3d Checker.]

1. To mark with small squares like a checkerboard, as by crossing
stripes of different colors.

2. To variegate or diversify with different qualities, color, scenes,
or events; esp., to subject to frequent alternations of prosterity
and adversity.
Our minds are, as it were, checkered with truth and falsehood.
Addison.

CHECKER
Check"er, n. Etym: [OF. eschequier. See Checker, v. t.]

1. A piece in the game of draughts or checkers.

2. A pattern in checks; a single check.

3. Checkerwork.

Note: This word is also written chequer.

CHECKERBERRY
Check"er*ber`ry, n.; pl. Checkerberries. (Bot.)

Defn: A spicy plant and its bright red berry; the wintergreen
(Gaultheria procumbens). Also incorrectly applied to the partridge
berry (Mitchella repens).

CHECKERBOARD
Check"er*board, n.

Defn: A board with sixty-four squares of alternate color, used for
playing checkers or draughts.

CHECKERED
Check"ered, a.

1. Marked with alternate squares or checks of different color or
material.
Dancing in the checkered shade. Milton.

2. Diversified or variegated in a marked manner, as in appearance,
character, circumstances, etc.
This checkered narrative. Macaulay.

CHECKERS
Check"ers, n. pl. Etym: [See Checher, v.]

Defn: A game, called also daughts, played on a checkerboard by two
persons, each having twelve men (counters or checkers) which are
moved diagonally. The game is ended when either of the players has
lost all his men, or can not move them.

CHECKERWORK
Check"er*work`, n.

1. Work consisting of or showing checkers varied alternately as to
colors or materials.

2. Any aggregate of varied vicissitudes.
How strange a checkerwork of Providence is the life of man. De Foe.

CHECKLATON
Check"la*ton, n.

1. Ciclatoun. [Obs.]

2. Gilded leather. [Obs.] Spenser.

CHECKLESS
Check"less, a.

Defn: That can not be checked or restrained.

CHECKMATE
Check"mate, n. Etym: [F. échec et mat, fr. Per. shah mat ceckmate,
lit., the king is dead, fr. Ar. mata he died, is dead. The king, when
made prisoner, or checkmated, is assumed to be dead, and the game is
finished. See Chess.]

1. The position in the game of chess when a king is in check and
cannot be released, -- which ends the game.

2. A complete check; utter defeat or overthrow.

CHECKMATE
Check"mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Checkmated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Checkmating.]

1. (Chess)

Defn: To check (an adversary's king) in such a manner that escape in
impossible; to defeat (an adversary) by putting his king in check
from which there is no escape.

2. To defeat completely; to terminate; to thwart.
To checkmate and control my just demands. Ford.

CHECKREIN
Check"rein`, n.

1. A short rein looped over the check hook to prevent a horse from
lowering his head; -- called also a bearing rein.

2. A branch rein connecting the driving rein of one horse of a span
or pair with the bit of the other horse.

CHECKROLL
Check"roll`, n.

Defn: A list of servants in a household; -- called also chequer roll.

CHECKSTRING
Check"string`, n.

Defn: A cord by which a person in a carriage or horse car may signal
to the driver.

CHECKWORK
Check"work, n.

Defn: Anything made so as to form alternate squares lke those of a
checkerboard.

CHECKY
Check"y, a. (Her.)

Defn: Divided into small alternating squares of two tinctures; --
said of the field or of an armorial bearing. [Written also checquy,
cheguy.]

CHEDDAR
Ched"dar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or made at, Cheddar, in England; as,
Cheddar cheese.

CHEEK
Cheek, n. Etym: [OE. cheke, cheoke, AS. céace, céoce; cf. Goth.
kukjan to kiss, D. kaak cheek; perh. akin to E. chew, jaw.]

1. The side of the face below the eye.

2. The cheek bone. [Obs.] Caucer.

3. pl. (Mech.)

Defn: Those pieces of a machine, or of any timber, or stone work,
which form corresponding sides, or which are similar and in pair; as,
the cheeks (jaws) of a vise; the cheeks of a gun carriage, etc.

4. pl.

Defn: The branches of a bridle bit. Knight.

5. (Founding)

Defn: A section of a flask, so made that it can be moved laterally,
to permit the removal of the pattern from the mold; the middle part
of a flask.

6. Cool confidence; assurance; impudence. [Slang] Cheek of beef. See
Illust. of Beef.
 -- Cheek bone (Anat.) the bone of the side of the fase; esp., the
malar bone.
 -- Cheek by jowl, side by side; very intimate.
 -- Cheek pouch (Zoöl.), a sacklike dilation of the cheeks of certain
monkeys and rodents, used for holding food.
 -- Cheeks of a block, the two sides of the shell of a tackle block.
 -- Cheeks of a mast, the projection on each side of a mast, upon
which the trestletrees rest.
 -- Cheek tooth (Anat.), a hinder or molar tooth.
 -- Butment cheek. See under Butment.

CHEEK
Cheek, v. t.

Defn: To be impudent or saucy to. [Slang.]

CHEEKED
Cheeked, a.

Defn: Having a cheek; -- used in composition. "Rose-cheeked Adonis."
Shak.

CHEEKY
Cheek"y,

Defn: a Brazen-faced; impudent; bold. [Slang.]

CHEEP
Cheep, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cheeped.] Etym: [Cf. Chirp].

Defn: To chirp, as a young bird.

CHEEP
Cheep, v. t.

Defn: To give expression to in a chirping tone.
Cheep and twitter twenty million loves. Tennyson.

CHEEP
Cheep, n.

Defn: A chirp, peep, or squeak, as of a young bird or mousse.

CHEER
Cheer, n. Etym: [OE. chere face, welcome, cheer, OF. chiere, F.
chère, fr. LL. cara face, Gr. , L. cerebrum brain, G. hirn, and E.
cranium.]

1. The face; the countenance or its expression. [Obs.] "Sweat of thy
cheer." Wyclif.

2. Feeling; spirit; state of mind or heart.
Be of good cheer. Matt. ix. 2.
The parents . . . fled away with heavy cheer. Holland.

3. Gayety; mirth; cheerfulness; animation.
I have not that alacrity of spirit, Nor cheer of mind, that I was
wont to have. Shak.

1. That which promotes good spirits or cheerfulness; provisions
prepared for a feast; entertainment; as, a table loaded with good
cheer.

5. A shout, hurrah, or acclamation, expressing joy enthusiasm,
applause, favor, etc.
Welcome her, thundering cheer of the street. Tennyson.
Whzt cheer Now do you fare What is there that is cheering

CHEER
Cheer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cheered; p. pr. & vb. n. cheering.]

1. To cause to rejoice; to gladden; to make cheerful; -- often with
up. Cowpe.

2. To infuse life, courage, animation, or hope, into; to inspirit; to
solace or comfort.
The proud he tamed, the penitent he cheered. Dryden.

3. To salute or applaud with cheers; to urge on by cheers; as, to
cheer hounds in a chase. To cheer ship, to salute a passing ship by
cheers of sailors stationed in the rigging.

Syn.
 -- To gladden; encourage; inspirit; comfort; console; enliven;
refresh; exhilarate; animate; applaud.

CHEER
Cheer, v. i.

1. To grow cheerful; to become gladsome or joyous; -- usually with
up.
At sight of thee my gloomy soul cheers up. A. Philips.

2. To be in any state or temper of mind. [Obs.]
How cheer'st thou, Jessica Shak.

3. To utter a shout or shouts of applause, triumph, etc.
And even the ranks of Tusculum Could scare forbear to cheer.
Macaulay.

CHEERER
Cheer"er, n.

Defn: One who cheers; one who, or that which, gladdens. "Thou cheerer
of our days." Wotton. "Prime cheerer, light." Thomson.

CHEERFUL
Cheer"ful, a.

Defn: Having or showing good spirits or joy; cheering; cheery;
contented; happy; joyful; lively; animated; willing.
To entertain a cheerful disposition. Shak.
The cheerful birds of sundry kind Do chant sweet music. Spenser.
A cheerful confidence in the mercy of God. Macaulay.
This general applause and cheerful shout. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Lively; animated; gay; joyful; lightsome; gleeful; blithe; airy;
sprightly; jocund; jolly; joyous; vivacious; buoyant; sunny; happy;
hopeful.

CHEERFULLY
Cheer"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In a cheerful manner, gladly.

CHEERFULNESS
Cheer"ful*ness, n.

Defn: Good spirits; a state of moderate joy or gayety; alacrity.

CHEERILY
Cheer"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a cheery manner.

CHEERINESS
Cheer"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being cheery.

CHEERINGLY
Cheer"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner to cheer or encourage.

CHEERISNESS
Cheer"is*ness, n.

Defn: Cheerfulness. [Obs.]
There is no Christian duty that is not to be seasoned and set off
with cheerishness. Milton.

CHEERLESS
Cheer"less, a.

Defn: Without joy, gladness, or comfort.
 -- Cheer"less*ly, adv.
 -- Cheer"less*ness, n.
My cheerful day is turned to cheerles night. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- Gloomy; sad; comfortless; dispiriting; dicsconsolate; dejected;
melancholy; forlorn.

CHEERLY
Cheer"ly, a.

Defn: Gay; cheerful. [Obs.] Shak.

CHEERLY
Cheer"ly, adv.

Defn: Cheerily. [Archaic] Tennyson.

CHEERRY
Cheer"ry, a.

Defn: Cheerful; lively; gay; bright; pleasant; as, a cheery person.
His cheery little study, where the sunshine glimmered so pleasantly.
Hawthorne.

CHEESE
Cheese, n. Etym: [OE. chese, AS. cese, fr. L. caseus, LL. casius. Cf.
Casein.]

1. The curd of milk, coagulated usually with rennet, separated from
the whey, and pressed into a solid mass in a hoop or mold.

2. A mass of pomace, or ground apples, pressed togehter in the form
of a cheese.

3. The flat, circuliar, mucilaginous fruit of the dwarf mallow (Malva
rotundifolia). [Colloq.]

4. A low courtesy; -- so called on account of the cheese form assumed
by a woman's dress when she stoops after extending the skirts by a
rapid gyration. De Quincey. Thackeray. Cheese cake, a cake made of or
filled with, a composition of soft curds, sugar, and butter. Prior.
 -- Cheese fly (Zoöl.), a black dipterous insect (Piophila casei) of
which the larvæ or maggots, called ckippers or hoppers, live in
cheese.
 -- Cheese mite (Zoöl.), a minute mite (Tryoglyhus siro) in cheese
and other articles of food.
 -- Cheese press, a press used in making cheese, to separate the whey
from the curd, and to press the curd into a mold.
 -- Cheese rennet (Bot.), a plant of the Madder family (Golium verum,
or yellow bedstraw), sometimes used to coagulate milk. The roots are
used as a substitute for madder.
 -- Cheese vat, a vat or tub in which the curd is formed and cut or
broken, in cheese making.

CHEESE CLOTH
Cheese" cloth`.

Defn: A thin, loosewoven cotton cloth, such as is used in pressing
cheese curds.

CHEESELEP
Cheese"lep, n. Etym: [Cf. Keslop.]

Defn: A bag in which rennet is kept.

CHEESEMONGER
Cheese"mon`ger, n.

Defn: One who deals incheese. B. Jonson.

CHEESEPARING
Cheese"par`ing, n.

Defn: A thin portion of the rind of a cheese.
 -- a.

Defn: Scrimping; mean; as, cheeseparing economy.

CHEESINESS
Chees"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being cheesy.

CHEESY
Chees"y, a.

Defn: Having the nature, qualities, taste, form, consistency, or
appearance of cheese.

CHEETAH
Chee"tah, n. Etym: [Hind. chita.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of leopard (Cynælurus jubatus) tamed and used for
hunting in India. The woolly cheetah of South Africa is C. laneus.
[Written also chetah.]

CHEF
Chef, n. Etym: [F.]

1. A chief of head person.

2. The head cook of large establishment, as a club, a family, etc.

3. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Chief.

CHEF-D'OEUVRE
Chef`-d'oeuvre", n.; pl. Chefs-d'oeuvre. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A masterpiece; a capital work in art, literature, etc.

CHEGOE; CHEGRE
Cheg"oe, Cheg"re, n.

Defn: See Chigoe.

CHEILOPLASTY
Chei"lo*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Gr. -plasty.] (Surg.)

Defn: The process of forming an artificial tip or part of a lip, by
using for the purpose a piece of healthy tissue taken from some
neighboring part.

CHEILOPODA
Chei*lop"o*da, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Ch.

CHEIROPTER
Chei*rop"ter, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Cheiroptera.

CHEIROPTERA
Chei*rop"te*ra, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of mammalia, including the bats, having four toes of
each of the anterior limbs elongated and connected by a web, so that
they can be used like wings in flying. See Bat.

CHEIROPTEROUS
Chei*rop"ter*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Cheiroptera, or Bat family.

CHEIROPTERYGIUM
Chei*rop`te*ryg"i*um, n.; pl. Cheiropterygia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Anat.)

Defn: The typical pentadactyloid limb of the higher vertebrates.

CHEIROSOPHY
Chei*ros"o*phy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The art of reading character as it is delineated in the hand.
 -- Chei*ros"o*phist (, n.

CHEIROTHERIUM
Chei`ro*the"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Poleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct animals, so named from fossil footprints
rudely resembling impressions of the human hand, and believed to have
been made by labyrinthodont reptiles. See Illustration in Appendix.

CHEKELATOUN
Chek`e*la*toun", n.

Defn: See Ciclatoun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHEKMAK
Chek"mak, n.

Defn: A turkish fabric of silk and cotton, with gold thread
interwoven.

CHELA
Che"la, n.; pl. Chelæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pincherlike claw of Crustacea and Arachnida.

CHELATE
Che"late, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Cheliferous.

CHELERYTHRINE
Chel`e*ryth"rine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Am alkaloidal principle obtained from the celandine, and named
from the red color of its salts, It is a coloriess crystalline
substance, and acts as an acrid narcotic poison. It is identical with
sanguinarine.

CHELICERA
Che*lic"e*ra, n.; pl. Cheliceræ Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the anterior pair of mouth organs, terminated by a
pincherlike claw, in scorpions and allied Arachnida. They are
homologous with the falcers of spiders, and probably with the
mandibles of insects.

CHELIDON
Chel"i*don, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The hollow at the flexure of the arm.

CHELIDONIC
Chel`i*don"ic, a. Etym: [See Celandine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the celandine. Cheidonic
acid, a weak acid extracted fron the celandine (Chelidonium majus),
as a white crystalline substance.

CHELIDONIUS
Chel`i*do"ni*us, n. Etym: [L. (sc. lapillus.)]

Defn: A small stone taken from the gizzard of a young swallow.
 -- anciently worn as a medicinal charm.

CHELIFER
Chel"i*fer, n. Etym: [Gr. -fer.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Book scorpion, under Book.

CHELIFEROUS
Che*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. -ferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having cheliform claws, like a crab.

CHELIFORM
Chel"i*form, a. Etym: [Gr. -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a movable joint or finger closing againts a preceding
joint or a projecting part of it, so that the whole may be ised for
grasping, as the claw of a crab; pincherlike.

CHELONE
Che*lo"ne, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of hardy perennial flowering plants, of the order
Scrophulariaceaæ., natives of North America; -- called also
snakehead, turtlehead, shellflower, etc.

CHELONIA
Che*lo"ni*a, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of reptiles, including the tortoises and turtles,
perculiar in having a part of the vertebræ, ribs, and sternum united
with the dermal plates so as to form a firm shell. The jaws are
covered by a horny beak. See Reptilia; also, Illust. in Appendix.

CHELONIAN
Che*lo"ni*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to animals of the tortoise kind.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Chelonia.

CHELURA
Che*lu"ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine amphipod crustacea, which bore into and
sometimes destroy timber.

CHELY
Che"ly, n.

Defn: A claw. See Chela. [Obs.]

CHEMIC
Chem"ic, n. Etym: [See Chenistry.]

1. A chemist; an alchemist. [Obs.]

2. (Bleaching)

Defn: A solution of chloride of line.

CHEMIC
Chem"ic, a.

Defn: Chemical. Blackw. Mag.

CHEMICAL
Chem"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to chemistry; characterized or produced by the
forces and operations of chemistry; employed in the processes of
chemistry; as, chemical changes; chemical comnbinations. Chemical
attraction or affinity. See under Attraction.

CHEMICAL
Chem"ic*al, n.

Defn: A substance used for producing a chemical effect; a reagent.

CHEMICALLY
Chem"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to chemical principles; by chemical process or
operation.

CHEMIGLYPHIC
Chem`i*glyph"ic, a. Etym: [Chemical +

Defn: Engraved by a voltaic battary.

CHEMIGRAPHY
Che*mig"ra*phy, n.  [Chemical + -graphy.]

Defn: Any mechanical engraving process depending upon chemical
action; specif., a process of zinc etching not employing photography.
-- Chem`i*graph"ic (#), a.

CHEMILOON
Chem`i*loon", n.

Defn: A garment for women, consisting of chemise and drawers united
in one. [U. S.]

CHEMISE
Che*mise", n. Etym: [F., shirt, fr. LL. camisa, camisia, shirt, thin
dress; cf. G. hemd, or Olr. coimumse sort of garment. Cf. Camis.]

1. A shift, or undergarment, worn by women.

2. A wall that lines the face of a bank or earthwork.

CHEMISETTE
Chem`i*sette", n.Etym: [F., dim. of chemise.]

Defn: An under-garment, worn by women, usually covering the neck,
shoulders, and breast.

CHEMISM
Chem"ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chimisme. See Chemistry.]

Defn: The force exerted between the atoms of elementary substance
whereby they unite to form chemical compounds; chemical attaction;
affinity; -- sometimes used as a general expression for chemical
activity or relationship.

CHEMIST
Chem"ist, n. Etym: [Shortened from alchemist; cf. F. chimiste.]

Defn: A person versed in chemistry or given to chemical
investigation; an analyst; a maker or seller of chemicals or drugs.

CHEMISTRY
Chem"is*try, n. Etym: [From Chemist. See Alchemy.]

1. That branch of science which treats of the composition of
substances, and of the changes which they undergo in consequence of
alterations in the constitution of the molecules, which depend upon
variations of the number, kind, or mode of arrangement, of the
constituent atoms. These atoms are not assumed to be indivisible, but
merely the finest grade of subdivision hitherto attained. Chemistry
deals with the changes in the composition and constitution of
molecules. See Atom, Molecule.

Note: Historically, chemistry is an outgrowth of alchemy (or
alchemistry), with which it was anciently identified.

2. An application of chemical theory and method to the consideration
of some particular subject; as, the chemistry of iron; the chemistry
of indigo.

3. A treatise on chemistry.

Note: This word and its derivatives were formerly written with y, and
sometimes with i, instead of e, in the first syllable, chymistry,
chymist, chymical, etc., or chimistry, chimist, chimical, etc.; and
the pronunciation was conformed to the orthography. Inorganic
chemistry, that which treats of inorganic or mineral substances.
 -- Organic chemistry, that which treats of the substances which from
the structure of organized beings and their products, whether animal
or vegetable; -- called also chemistry of the carbon compounds. There
is no fundamental difference between organic and inorganic chemistry.
 -- Physiological chemistry, the chemistry of the organs and tissues
of the body, and of the various physiological processes incident to
life.
 -- Practical chemistry, or Applied chemistry, that which treats of
the modes of manufacturing the products of chemistry that are useful
in the arts, of their applications to economical purposes, and of the
conditions essential to their best use.
 -- Pure chemistry, the consideration of the facts and theories of
chemistry in their purely scientific relations, without necessary
reference to their practical applications or mere utility.

CHEMITYPE
Chem"i*type, n. Etym: [Chemical + -type.] (Engraving)

Defn: One of a number of processes by which an impression from an
engraved plate is obtained in relief, to be used for printing on an
ordinary printing press.

CHEMOLYSIS
Che*mol"y*sis, n. Etym: [Chemical + Gr.

Defn: A term sometimes applied to the decomposition of organic
substance into more simple bodies, by the use of chemical agents
alone. Thudichum.

CHEMOSIS
Che*mo"sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  a swelling of the cornea resembling a
cockleshell, fr.  a gaping, hence a cockleshell.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammatory swelling of the conjunctival tissue surrounding
the cornea. --Che*mot"ic (#), a.

CHEMOSMOSIS
Chem`os*mo"sis, n. Etym: [Chemical + osmosis.]

Defn: Chemical action taking place through an intervening membrane.

CHEMOSMOTIC
Chem`os*mot"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or produced by, chemosmosis. [R.]

CHEMOSYNTHESIS
Chem`o*syn"the*sis, n. [Chemical + synthesis.] (Plant Physiol.)

Defn: Synthesis of organic compounds by energy derived from chemical
changes or reactions. Chemosynthesis of carbohydrates occurs in the
nitrite bacteria through the oxidation of ammonia to nitrous acid,
and in the nitrate bacteria through the conversion of nitrous into
nitric acid. -- Chem`o*syn*thet"ic (#), a.

CHEMOTAXIS; CHEMIOTAXIS
Chem`o*tax"is, n. Formerly also Chem`i*o*tax"is. [Chemical + Gr.
arrangement, fr.  to arrange.] (Biol.)

Defn: The sensitiveness exhibited by small free-swimming organisms,
as bacteria, zoöspores of algæ, etc., to chemical substances held in
solution. They may be attracted (positive chemotaxis) or repelled
(negative chemotaxis). -- Chem`o*tac"tic (#), a. --
Chem`o*tac"tic*al*ly, adv.

CHEMUNG PERIOD
Che*mung" pe"ri*od, (Geol.)

Defn: A subdivision in the upper part of the Devonian system in
America, so named from the Chemung River, along which the rocks are
well developed. It includes the Portage and Chemung groups or epochs.
See the Diagram under Geology.

CHENG
Cheng, n. Etym: [Chinese.]

Defn: A chinese reed instrument, with tubes, blown by the mouth.

CHENILLE
Che*nille", n. Etym: [F., prop., a caterpillar.]

Defn: Tufted cord, of silk or worsted, for the trimimg of ladies'
dresses, for embroidery and fringes, and for the weft of chenille
rugs.

CHENOMORPHAE
Che`no*mor"phæ, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of birds, including the swans, ducks, geese,
flamingoes and screamers.

CHEPSTER
Chep"ster, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European starling. [Local, Eng.]

CHEQUE
Cheque, n.

Defn: See Check.

CHEQUER
Cheq"uer, n. & v.

Defn: Same as Checker.

CHEQUING
Che*quing", n.

Defn: A coin. See Sequin. Shak.

CHEQUY
Cheq"uy, n. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Checky.

CHERIF
Cher"if, n.

Defn: See Cherif.

CHERIMOYER
Cher`i*moy"er, n. Etym: [F. chérimolier.] (Bot.)

1. A small downy-leaved tree (Anona Cherimolia), with fragrant
flowers. It is a native of Peru.

2. Its delicious fruit, which is succulent, dark purple, and similar
to the custard apple of the West Indies.

CHERISH
Cher"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cherished; p. pr. & vb. n. Cherising.]
Etym: [F. chérir, fr. cher dear, fr. L. carus. See Caress, Finish.]

1. To treat with tenderness and affection; to nurture with care; to
protect and aid.
We were gentle among you, even as a nurse cherisheth her children. 1
Thess. ii. 7.

2. To hold dear; to embrace with interest; to indulge; to encourage;
to foster; to promote; as, to cherish religious principle.
To cherish virtue and humanity. Burke.

Syn.
 -- To nourish; foster; nurse; nurture; entertain; encourage;
comfort; protect; support; See Nurture.

CHERISHER
Cher"ish*er, n.

Defn: One who cherishes.
The cherisher of my flesh and blood. Shak.

CHERISHMENT
Cher"ish*ment, n.

Defn: Encouragement; comfort. [Obs.]
Rich bounty and dear cherishment. Spenser.

CHERMES
Cher"mes, n.

Defn: See Kermes.

CHEROGRIL
Cher"o*gril, n. Etym: [L. choerogryllus, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Cony.

CHEROKEES
Cher`o*kees", n. pl.; sing. Cherokee. (Ethnol.)

Defn: An Appalachian tribe of Indians, formerly inhabiting the region
about the head waters of the Tennessee River. They are now mostly
settled in the Indian Territory, and have become one of the most
civilized of the Indian Tribes.

CHEROOT
Che*root", n. Etym: [Tamil shuruttu, prop., a roll.]

Defn: A kind of cigar, originally brought from Mania, in the
Philippine Islands; now often made of inferior or adulterated
tabacco.

CHERRY
Cher"ry, n. Etym: [OE. chery, for cherys, fr. F. cerise (cf. AS. cyrs
cherry), fr. LL. ceresia, fr. L. cerasus Cherry tree, Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A tree or shrub of the genus Prunus (Which also includes the
plum) bearing a fleshy drupe with a bony stone; (a) The common garden
cherry (Prunus Cerasus), of which several hundred varieties are
cultivated for the fruit, some of which are, the begarreau,
blackheart, black Tartarian, oxheart, morelle or morello, May-duke
(corrupted from Médoc in France). (b) The wild cherry; as, prunus
serotina (wild black cherry), valued for its timber; P. Virginiana
(choke cherry), an American shrub which bears astringent fruit; P.
avium and P. Padus, European trees (bird cherry).

2. The fruit of the cherry tree, a drupe of various colors and
flavors.

3. The timber of the cherry tree, esp. of the black cherry, used in
cabinetmaking, etc.

4. A peculiar shade of red, like that of a cherry. Barbadoes cherry.
See under Barbadoes.
 -- Cherry bird (Zoöl.), an American bird; the cedar bird; -- so
called from its fondness for cherries.
 -- Cherry bounce, cherry brandy and sugar.
 -- Cherry brandy, brandy in which cherries have been steeped.
 -- Cherry laurel (Bot.), an evergren shrub (Prunus Lauro-cerasus)
common in shrubberies, the poisonous leaves of which have a flavor
like that of bitter almonds.
 -- Cherry pepper (Bot.), a species of Capsicum (C. cerasiforme),
with small, scarlet, intensely piquant cherry-shaped fruit.
 -- Cherry pit. (a) A child's play, in which cherries are thrown into
a hole. Shak. (b) A cherry stone.
 -- Cherry rum, rum in which cherries have been steeped.
 -- Cherry sucker (Zoöl.), the European spotted flycatcher (Musicapa
grisola); -- called also cherry chopper cherry snipe. Cherry tree, a
tree that bears cherries.
 -- Ground cherry, Winter cherry, See Alkekengi.

CHERRY
Cher"ry, a.

Defn: Like a red cherry in color; ruddy; blooming; as, a cherry lip;
cherry cheeks.

CHERSONESE
Cher"so*nese, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A peninsula; a tract of land nearly surrounded by water, but
united to a larger tract by a neck of land or isthmus; as, the
Cimbric Chersonese, or Jutland; the Tauric Chersonese, or Crimea.

CHERT
Chert, n. Etym: [Ir. ceart stone, perh. akin to E. crag.] (Min.)

Defn: An impure, massive, flintlike quartz or hornstone, of a dull
color.

CHERTY
Chert"y, a.

Defn: Like chert; containing chert; flinty.

CHERUB
Cher"ub, n.; pl. Cherubs; but the Hebrew plural Cherubim is also
used. Etym: [Heb. kerub.]

1. A mysterious composite being, the winged footstool and chariot of
the Almighty, described in Ezekiel i. and x.
I knew that they were the cherubim. Ezek. x. 20.
He rode upon a cherub and did fly. Ps. xviii. 10.

2. A symbolical winged figure of unknown form used in connection with
the mercy seat of the Jewish Ark and Temple. Ez. xxv. 18.

3. One of a order of angels, variously represented in art. In
European painting the cherubim have been shown as blue, to denote
knowledge, as distinguished from the seraphim (see Seraph), and in
later art the children's heads with wings are generally called
cherubs.

4. A beautiful child; -- so called because artists have represented
cherubs as beautiful children.

CHERUBIC; CHERUBICAL
Che*ru"bic, Che*ru"bic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to cherubs; angelic. "The cherubic host."
Milton.

CHERUBIM
Cher"u*bim, n.

Defn: The Hebrew plural of Cherub.. Cf. Seraphim.

Note: Cherubims, in the King James version of the bible, is an
incorrect form, made by adding the English plural termination to the
Hebrew plural cherubim instead of to the singular cherub.

CHERUBIN
Cher"u*bin, a.

Defn: Cherubic; angelic. [Obs.] Shak.

CHERUBIN
Cher"u*bin, n.

Defn: A cherub. [Obs.] Dryden.

CHERUP
Cher"up, v. i. Etym: [Prob. fr. chirp.]

Defn: To make a short, shrill, cheerful sound; to chirp. See Chirrup.
"Cheruping birds." Drayton.

CHERUP
Cher"up, v. t.

Defn: To excite or urge on by making a short, shrill, cheerful sound;
to cherup to. See Chirrup.
He cherups brisk ear-erecting steed. Cowper.

CHERUP
Cher"up, n.

Defn: A short, sharp, cheerful noise; a chirp; a chirrup; as, the
cherup of a cricket.

CHERVIL
Cher"vil, n. Etym: [AS. cerfille, fr. L. caerefolium, chaerephyllum,
Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Anthriscus cerefolium) with pinnately divided aromatic
leaves, of which several curled varieties are used in soups and
salads.

CHES
Ches,

Defn: pret. of Chese. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHESE
Chese, v. t.

Defn: To choose [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHESIBLE
Ches"i*ble, n.

Defn: See Chasuble.

CHESLIP
Ches"lip, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wood louse. [Prov. Eng.]

CHESS
Chess, n. Etym: [OE. ches, F. échecs, prop. pl. of échec check. See
1st Check.]

Defn: A game played on a chessboard, by two persons, with two
differently colored sets of men, sixteen in each set. Each player has
a king, a queen, two bishops, two knights, two castles or rooks, and
eight pawns.

CHESS
Chess, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of brome grass (Bromus secalinus) which is a
troublesome weed in wheat flelds, and is often erroneously regarded
as degenerate or changed wheat; it bears a very slight resemblance to
oats, and if reaped and ground up with wheat, so as to be used for
food, is said to produce narcotic effects; -- called also cheat and
Willard's bromus. [U. S.]

Note: Other species of brome grass are called upright chess, soft
chess, etc.

CHESS-APPLE
Chess"-ap`ple, n.

Defn: The wild service of Europe (Purus torminalis).

CHESSBOARD
Chess"board`, n.

Defn: The board used in the game of chess, having eight rows of
alternate light and dark squares, eight in each row. See
Checkerboard.

Note: The chessboard and the checkerboard are alike.

CHESSEL
Ches"sel, n.

Defn: The wooden mold in which cheese is pressed. Simmonds.

CHESSES
Chess"es, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. F. chassis a framework of carpenty.]
(Mil.)

Defn: The platforms, consisting of two or more planks doweled
together, for the flooring of a temporary military bridge. Wilhelm.
A singular, chess, is sometimes used. "Each chess consists of three
planks." Farrow.

CHESSIL
Ches"sil, n. Etym: [OE. chesil, AS. ceosel gravel, sand.]

Defn: Gravel or pebbles. Halliwell.

CHESSMAN
Chess"man, n.; pl. Chessmen.

Defn: A piece used in the game of chess.

CHESSOM
Ches"som, n. Etym: [Cf. Chisley.]

Defn: Mellow earth; mold. [Obs.] Bacon.

CHESSTREE
Chess"tree`, n. Etym: [Cf. F chassis a framework of carpentry.]
(Naut.)

Defn: A piece of oak bolted perpendicularly on the side of a vessel,
to aid in drawing down and securing the clew of the mainsail.

CHESSY COPPER
Ches`sy" cop"per. (Min.)

Defn: The mineral azurite, found in fine crystallization at Chessy,
near Lyons; called also chessylite.

CHEST
Chest, n. Etym: [OE. chest, chist, AS. cest, cist, cyst, L. cista,
fr. Gr. Cist, Cistern.]

1. A large box of wood, or other material, having, like a trunk, a
lid, but no covering of skin, leather, or cloth.
Heaps of money crowded in the chest. Dryden.

2. A coffin. [Obs.]
He is now dead and mailed in his cheste. Chaucer.

3. The part of the body inclosed by the ribs and breastbone; the
thorax.

4. (Com.)

Defn: A case in which certain goods, as tea, opium, etc., are
transported; hence, the quantity which such a case contains.

5. (Mech.)

Defn: A tight receptacle or box, usually for holding gas, steam,
liguids, etc.; as, the steam chest of an engine; the wind chest of an
organ. Bomb chest, See under Bomb.
 -- Chest of drawers, a case or movable frame containing drawers.

CHEST
Chest, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chested.]

1. To deposit in a chest; to hoard.

2. To place in a coffin. [Obs.]
He dieth and is chested. Gen. 1. 26 (heading).

CHEST
Chest, n. Etym: [AS. ceást.]

Defn: Strife; contention; controversy. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

CHESTED
Chest"ed, a.

Defn: Having (such) a chest; -- in composition; as, broad-chested;
narrow-chested.

CHESTERLITE
Ches"ter*lite, n. Etym: [See -lite.]

Defn: A variety of feldspar found in crystals in the county of
Chester, Pennsylvania.

CHESTEYN
Ches"teyn, n.

Defn: The chestnut tree. [Obs.]
Wilwe, elm, plane, assch, box, chesteyn. Chaucer.

CHEST FOUNDER
Chest" foun`der. (Far.)

Defn: A rheumatic affection of the muscles of the breast and fore
legs of a horse, affecting motion and respiration.

CHESTNUT
Chest"nut, n. Etym: [For chesten-nut; OE. chestein, chesten,
chastein, chestnut, fr. AS. cisten in cistenbeám chestnut tree,
influenced by OF. chastaigne, F. châtaigne, both the AS. and the F.
words coming from L. castanea a chestnut, Gr. Castanets.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The edible nut of a forest tree (Castanea vesce) of Europe and
America. Commonly two or more of the nuts grow in a prickly bur.

2. The tree itself, or its light, coarse-grained timber, used for
ornamental work, furniture, etc.

3. A bright brown color, like that of the nut.

4. The horse chestnut (often so used in England).

5. One of the round, or oval, horny plates on the inner sides of the
legs of the horse, and allied animals.

6. An old joke or story. [Slang] Chestnut tree, a tree that bears
chestnuts.

CHESTNUT
Chest"nut, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining of a chestnut; of a reddish brown color; as,
chestnut curls.

CHETAH
Che"tah, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Cheetah.

CHETVERT
Chet"vert, n. Etym: [Russ. chetverte.]

Defn: A measure of grain equal to 0.7218 of an imperial quarter, or
5.95 Winchester bushels. [Russia]

CHEVACHIE
Chev"a*chie`, n.

Defn: See Chivachie. [Obs.]

CHEVAGE
Che"vage, n.

Defn: See Chiefage. [Obs.]

CHEVAL
Che*val", n.; pl. Chevaux. Etym: [F. See Cavalcade.]

Defn: A horse; hence, a support or frame. Cheval glass, a mirror
swinging in a frame, and large enough to reflect the full leght
figure.

CHEVAL-DE-FRISE
Che*val"-de-frise", n.; commonly used in the pl. Chevaux-de-frise.
Etym: [F.; cheval horse + Frise Friesland, where it was first used.]
(Mil.)

Defn: A piece of timber or an iron barrel traversed with iron-pointed
spikes or spears, five or six feet long, used to defend a passage,
stop a breach, or impede the advance of cavalry, etc.
Obstructions of chain, boom, and cheval-de-frise. W. Irving.

CHEVALIER
Che`va*lier", n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. caballarius. See Cavaller.]

1. A horseman; a knight; a gallant young man. "Mount, chevaliers; to
arms." Shak.

2. A member of certain orders of knighthood. Chevalier d'industrie (
Etym: [F.], one who lives by persevering fraud; a pickpocket; a
sharper.
 -- The Chevalier St. George (Eng. Hist.), James Francis Edward
Stuart (son of James II.), called "The Pretender." -- The Young
Chevalier, Charles Edward Stuart, son of the Chevalier St. George.

CHEVAUX
Che*vaux", n. pl.

Defn: See Cheval.

CHEVE
Cheve, v. i. Etym: [OF. chevir. See Chievance.]

Defn: To come to an issue; to turn out; to succed; as, to cheve well
in a enterprise. [Prov. or Obs.] Holland.

CHEVELURE
Cheve*lure", n. Etym: [F., head of hair.]

Defn: A hairlike envelope.
The nucleus and chevelure of nebulous star. Sir. W. Hershel.

CHEVEN
Chev"en, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chevanne. Cf. Chavender.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A river fish; the chub. Sir T. Browne.

CHEVENTEIN
Chev"en*tein, n.

Defn: A variant of Chieftain. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHEVERIL
Chev"er*il, n. Etym: [OF. chevrel, F. chevreau, kid, dim. of chevre
goat, fr. L. capra. See Caper, v. i.]

Defn: Soft leather made of kid skin. Fig.: Used as a symbol of
flexibility. [Obs.]
Here's wit of cheveril, that stretches from an inch narrow to an ell
broad. Shak.

CHEVERIL
Chev"er*il, a.

Defn: Made of cheveril; pliant. [Obs.]
A cheveril conscience and a searching wit. Drayton.

CHEVERLIIZE
Chev"er*li*ize, v. i.

Defn: To make as pliable as kid leather. [Obs.] Br. Montagu.

CHEVET
Che*vet", n. Etym: [F., head of the bed, dim. fr. chef head. See
Chief.] (Arch.)

Defn: The extreme end of the chancel or choir; properly the round or
polygonal part.

CHEVIOT
Chev"i*ot, n.

1. A valuable breed of mountain sheep in Scotland, which takes its
name from the Cheviot hills.

2. A woolen fabric, for men's clothing.

CHEVISANCE
Chev"i*sance, n. Etym: [Of. chevisance, chevissance, fr. chevircome
to an end, perform, fr. chef head, end, from L. caput head. See
Chieve, Chief.]

1. Achievement; deed; performance. [Obs.]
Fortune, the foe of famous chevisance. Spenser.

2. A bargain; profit; gain. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

3. (O. Eng. Law)
(a) A making of contracts.
(b) A bargain or contract; an agreement about a matter in dispute,
such as a debt; a business compact.
(c) An unlawful agreement or contract.

CHEVRETTE
Chev*rette", n. Etym: [F., fr. chévre goat, fr. L. capra. Cf.
Chevron.] (Mil.)

Defn: A machine for raising guns or mortar into their carriages.

CHEVRON
Chev"ron, n. Etym: [F., rafter, chevron, from chévre goat, OF.
chevre, fr. L. capra she-goat. See Cheveril.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: One of the nine honorable ordinaries, consisting of two broad
bands of the width of the bar, issuing, respectively from the dexter
and sinister bases of the field and conjoined at its center.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A distinguishing mark, above the elow, on the sleeve of a
noncommisioned officer's coat.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A zigzag molding, or group of moldings, common in Norman
architecture. Chevron bones (Anat.), The V-shaped subvertebral arches
which inclose the caudal blood vessels in some animals.

CHEVRONED
Chev"roned, p. a.

Defn: Having a chevron; decorated with an ornamental figure of a
zigzag from.
[A garment] whose nether parts, with their bases, were of watchet
cloth of silver, chevroned all over with lace. B. Jonson.

CHEVRONEL
Chev"ron*el, n. (Her.)

Defn: A bearing like a chevron, but of only half its width.

CHEVRONWISE
Chev"ron*wise`, adv. (Her.)

Defn: In the manner of a chevron; as, the field may be divided
chevronwise.

CHEVROTAIN
Chev`ro*tain", n. Etym: [F. chevrotin, OF. chevrot little goat, roe,
dim. of chevre goat. See Chevron.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small ruminant of the family Tragulidæ a allied to the musk
deer. It inhabits Africa and the East Indies. See Kanchil.

CHEVY
Chev"y, v. t.

Defn: See Chivy, v. t. [Slang, Eng.]
One poor fellow was chevied about among the casks in the storm for
ten minutes. London Times.

CHEW
Chew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chewed; p. pr. & vb. n. Chewing.] Etym: [As
ceówan, akin to D. kauwen, G. kauen. Cf. Chaw, Jaw.]

1. To bite and grind with the teeth; to masticate.

2. To ruminate mentally; to meditate on.
He chews revenge, abjuring his offense. Prior.
To chew the cud, to chew the food ocer again, as a cow; to ruminate;
hence, to meditate.
Every beast the parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the cleft into two
claws, and cheweth the cud among the beasts, that ye shall eat. Deut.
xxiv. 6.

CHEW
Chew, v. i.

Defn: To perform the action of biting and grinding with the teeth; to
ruminate; to meditate.
old politicians chew wisdom past. Pope.

CHEW
Chew, n.

Defn: That which is chewed; that which is held in the mouth at once;
a cud. [Law]

CHEWER
Chew"er, n.

Defn: One who chews.

CHEWET
Chew"et, n.

Defn: A kind of meat pie. [Obs.]

CHEWINK
Che"wink, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An american bird (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) of the Finch family,
so called from its note; -- called also towhee bunting and ground
robin.

CHEYENNES
Chey*ennes", n. pl.; sing. cheyenne. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A warlike tribe of indians, related to the blackfeet, formerly
inhabiting the region of Wyoming, but now mostly on reservations in
the Indian Territory. They are noted for their horsemanship.

CHIAN
Chi"an a. Etym: [L. chius, fr. Chios the island Chios, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Chios, an island in the Ægean Sea. Chian
earth, a dense, compact kind of earth, from Chios, used anciently as
an astringent and a cosmetic.
 -- Chian turpentine, a fragrant, almost transparent turpentine,
obtained from the Pistacia Terebinthus.

CHIAROSCURIST
Chi*a`ros*cu"rist, n.

Defn: A painter who cares for and studies light and shade rather than
color.

CHIAROSCURO; CHIARO-OSCURO
Chia`ro*scu"ro, Chi*a"ro-os*cu"ro, n. Etym: [It., clear dark.]
(a) The arrangement of light and dark parts in a work of art, such as
a drawing or painting, whether in monochrome or in color.
(b) The art or practice of so arranging the light and dark parts as
to produce a harmonious effect. Cf. Clair-obscur.

CHIASM; CHIASMA
Chi"asm, Chi*as"ma, n. Etym: [NL. chiasma, fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A commissure; especially, the optic commissure, or crucial
union of the optic nerves.
 -- Chi*as"mal (, a..

CHIASMUS
Chi*as"mus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Chiasm.] (Rhet.)

Defn: An inversion of the order of words or phrases, when repeated or
subsequently referred to in a sentence; thus,
If e'er to bless thy sons My voice or hands deny, These hands let
useful skill forsake, This voice in silence die. Dwight.

CHIASTOLITE
Chi*as"to*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite. See Chiasm. So called from the
resemblance of the cross cuts of is crystals to the Greek letter x.]
(Min.)

Defn: A variety of andalusite; -- called also macle. The tesselated
apperance of a cross section is due to the symmetrical arrangement of
impurities in the crystal.

CHIBBAL
Chib"bal, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Cibol.

CHIBOUQUE; CHIBOUK
Chi*bouque", Chi*bouk", n. Etym: [F. chibouque, fr. Turk.]

Defn: A Turkish pipe, usually with a mouthpiece of amber, a stem,
four or five feet long and not pliant, of some valuable wood, and a
bowl of baked clay.

CHIC
Chic, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Good form; style. [Slang]

CHICA
Chi"ca, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A red coloring matter. extracted from the Bignonia Chica, used
by some tribes of South American Indians to stain the skin.

2. A fermented liquor or beer made in South American from a decoction
of maize.

3. A popular Moorish, Spanish, and South American dance, said to be
the original of the fandango, etc.

CHICALOTE
Chi`ca*lo"te, n. [Sp., prob. of Mex. origin.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Mexican prickly poppy (Argemone platyceras), which has
migrated into California.

CHICANE
Chi*cane", n. Etym: [F., prob. earlier meaning a dispute, orig. in
the game of mall (F. mail), fr. LGr. chaugan club or bat; or possibly
ultimated fr. L. ciccus a trible.]

Defn: The use of artful subterfuge, designed to draw away attention
from the merits of a case or question; -- specifically applied to
legal proceedings; trickery; chicanery; caviling; sophistry. Prior.
To shuffle from them by chicane. Burke.
To cut short this, I propound it fairly to your own canscience.
Berkeley.

CHICANE
Chi*cane", v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. chicaner. See Chicane, n.]

Defn: To use shifts, cavils, or artifices. Burke.

CHICANER
Chi*can"er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chicaneur.]

Defn: One who uses chicanery. Locke.

CHICANERY
Chi*can"er*y, n. Etym: [F. chicanerie.]

Defn: Mean or unfair artifice to perplex a cause and obscure the
truth; stratagem; sharp practice; sophistry.
Irritated by perpetual chicanery. Hallam.

Syn.
 -- Trickery; sophistry; stratagem.

CHICCORY
Chic"co*ry, n.

Defn: See Chicory.

CHICH
Chich, n.; pl. Chiches (. Etym: [F. chiche, pois chiche, a dwarf pea,
from L. cicer the chick-pea.] (Bot.)

Defn: The chick-pea.

CHICHA
Chi"cha, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: See Chica.

CHICHEVACHE
Chiche"vache`, n. Etym: [F. chiche lean + vache cow.]

Defn: A fabulous cow of enormous size, whose food was patient wives,
and which was therefore in very lean condition.

CHICHLING; CHICHLING VETCH
Chich"ling, Chich"ling vetch`, n. Etym: [Chich + -ling.] (Bot.)

Defn: A leguminous plant (Lathyrus sativus), with broad flattened
seeds which are sometimes used for food.

CHICK
Chick, v. i. Etym: [OE. chykkyn, chyke, chicken.]

Defn: To sprout, as seed in the ground; to vegetate. Chalmers.

CHICK
Chick, n.

1. A chicken.

2. A child or young person; -- a term of endearment. Shak.

CHICKABIDDY
Chick"a*bid`dy, n.

Defn: A chicken; a fowl; also, a trivial term of endearment for a
child.

CHICKADEE
Chick"a*dee`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small bird, the blackcap titmouse (Parus atricapillus), of
North America; -- named from its note.

CHICKAREE
Chick"a*ree`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American red squirrel (Sciurus Hudsonius); -- so called
from its cry.

CHICKASAWS
Chick"a*saws, n. pl.; sing. Chickasaw. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A trible of North American Indians (Southern Appalachian)
allied to the Choctaws. They formerly occupied the northern part of
Alabama and Mississippi, but now live in the Indian Territory.

CHICKEN
Chick"en, n. Etym: [AS. cicen, cyceun, dim. of coc cock; akin to LG.
kiken, küken, D. Kieken, kuiken, G. küchkein. See Cock the animal.]

1. A young bird or fowl, esp. a young barnyard fowl.

2. A young person; a child; esp. a young woman; a maiden. "Stella is
no chicken." Swift. Chicken cholera, a contagious disease of fowls; -
- so called because first studied during the prevalence of a cholera
epidemic in France. It has no resemblance to true cholera.

CHICKEN-BREASTED
Chick"en-breast`ed, a.

Defn: Having a narrow, projecting chest, caused by forward curvature
of the vertebral column.

CHICKEN-HEARTED
Chick"en-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Timid; fearful; cowardly. Bunyan.

CHICKEN POX
Chick"en pox". (Med.)

Defn: A mild, eruptive disease, generally attacking children only;
varicella.

CHICKLING
Chick"ling, n. Etym: [Chick+-ling.]

Defn: A small chick or chicken.

CHICK-PEA
Chick"-pea`, n. Etym: [See Chich.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A Small leguminous plant (Cicer arietinum) of Asia, Africa, and
the sounth of Europe; the chick; the dwarf pea; the gram.

2. Its nutritious seed, used in cookery, and especially, when roasted
(parched pulse), as food for travelers in the Eastern deserts.

CHICKWEED
Chick"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several caryophyllaseous weeds, especially
Stellaria media, the seeds and flower buds of which are a favorite
food of small birds.

CHICKY
Chick"y, n.

Defn: A chicken; -- used as a diminutive or pet name, especially in
calling fowls.

CHICLE; CHICLE GUM
Chic"le, n., Chicle gum. [Amer. Sp. chicle.]

Defn: A gumlike substance obtained from the bully tree (Mimusops
globosa) and sometimes also from the naseberry or sapodilla (Sapota
zapotilla). It is more plastic than caoutchouc and more elastic than
gutta-percha, as an adulterant of which it is used in England. It is
used largely in the United States in making chewing gum.

CHICO
Chi"co, n.

1. Var. of Chica.

2.  The common greasewood of the western United States (Sarcobatus
vermiculatus).

3.  In the Philippines, the  sapodilla or its fruit; also, the
marmalade tree or its fruit.

CHICORY
Chic"o*ry, n. Etym: [F. chicorée, earlier also cichorée, L.
cichorium, fr. Gr. , , Cf. Succory.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A branching perennial plant (Cichorium Intybus) with bright
blue flowers, growing wild in Europe, Asia, and America; also
cultivated for its roots and as a salad plant; succory; wild endive.
See Endive.

2. The root, which is roasted for mixing with coffe.

CHICORY
Chi"co*ry, n.

Defn: See Chiccory.

CHIDE
Chide, v. t. Etym: [imp. Chid, or Chode (Obs.); p. p. Chidden, Chid;
p. pr. & vb. n. Chiding.] Etym: [AS. cidan; of unknown origin.]

1. To rebuke; to reprove; to scold; to find fault with.
Upbraided, chid, and rated at. Shak.

2. Fig.: To be noise about; to chafe against.
The sea that chides the banks of England. Shak.
To chide hither, chide from, or chide away, to cause to come, or to
drive away, by scolding or reproof.

Syn.
 -- To blame; rebuke; reprove; scold; censure; reproach; reprehend;
reprimand.

CHIDE
Chide, v. i.

1. To utter words of disapprobation and displeasure; to find fault;
to contend angrily.
Wherefore the people did chide with Moses. Ex. xvii. 2.

2. To make a clamorous noise; to chafe.
As doth a rock againts the chiding flood. Shak.

CHIDE
Chide, n. Etym: [AS. cid]

Defn: A continuous noise or murmur.
The chide of streams. Thomson.

CHIDER
Chid"er, n.

Defn: One who chides or quarrels. Shak.

CHIDERESS
Chid"er*ess, n.

Defn: She who chides. [Obs.]

CHIDESTER
Chide"ster, n. Etym: [Chide + -ster.]

Defn: A female scold. [Obs.]

CHIDINGLY
Chid"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a chiding or reproving manner.

CHIEF
Chief, n. Etym: [OE. chief, chef, OF. chief, F. chef, fr. L. caput
head, possibly akin to E. head. Cf. Captain, Chapter]

1. The head or leader of any body of men; a commander, as of an army;
a head man, as of a tribe, clan, or family; a person in authority who
directs the work of others; the pricipal actio or agent.

2. The principal part; the most valuable portion.
The chief of the things which should be utterly destroyed.1. Sam. xv.
21

3. (Her.)

Defn: The upper third part of the field. It is supposed to be
composed of the dexter, sinister, and middle chiefs. In chief. (a) At
the head; as, a commander in chief. (b) (Eng. Law) From the king, or
sovereign; as, tenure in chief, tenure directly from the king.

Syn.
 -- Chieftain; captain; general; commander; leader; head; principal;
sachem; sagamore; sheik.
 -- Chief, chieftain, Commander, Leader. These words fluctuate
somewhat in their meaning according to circumstances, but agree in
the general idea of rule and authority. The term chief is now more
usually applied to one who is a head man, leader, or commander in
civil or military affairs, or holds a hereditary or acquired rank in
a tribe or clan; as, the chief of police; the chief of an Indian
tribe. A chieftain is the chief of a clan or tribe , or a military
leader. A commander directs the movements of or has control over a
body of men, as a military or naval force. A leader is one whom men
follow, as in a political party, a legislative body, a military or
scientific expedition, etc., one who takes the command and gives
direction in particular enterprises.

CHIEF
Chief, a.

1. Highest in office or rank; principal; head. "Chief rulers." John.
xii. 42.

2. Principal or most eminent in any quality or action; most
distinguished; having most influence; taking the lead; most
important; as, the chief topic of conversation; the chief interest of
man.

3. Very intimate, near, or close. [Obs.]
A whisperer separateth chief friends. Prov. xvi. 28.

Syn.
 -- Principal; head; leading; main; paramount; supreme; prime; vital;
especial; great; grand; eminent; master.

CHIEFAGE
Chief"age, n. Etym: [OF. chevage, fr. chief head. See Chief.]

Defn: A tribute by the head; a capitation tax. [Written also chevage
and chivage.] [Obs.]

CHIEF BARON
Chief" bar"on. (Eng. Law)

Defn: The presiding judge of the court of exchequer.

CHIEFEST
Chief"est, a. Etym: [Superl. of Chief.]

Defn: First or foremost; chief; principal. [Archaic] "Our chiefest
courtier." Shak.
The chiefest among ten thousand. Canticles v. 10.

CHIEF HARE
Chief" hare`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small rodent (Lagamys princeps) inhabiting the summits of the
Rocky Mountains; -- also called crying hare, calling hare, cony,
American pika, and little chief hare.

Note: It is not a true hare or rabbit, but belongs to the curious
family Lagomyidæ.

CHIEF JUSTICE
Chief" jus"tice.

Defn: The presiding justice, or principal judge, of a court. Lord
Chief Justice of England, The presiding judge of the Queen's Bench
Division of the High Court of Justice. The highest judicial officer
of the realm is the Lord High Chancellor.
 -- Chief Justice of the United States, the presiding judge of the
Supreme Court, and Highest judicial officer of the republic.

CHIEF-JUSTICESHIP
Chief"-jus"tice*ship, n.

Defn: The office of chief justice.
Jay selected the chief-justiceship as most in accordance with his
tastes. The Century.

CHIEFLESS
Chief"less, a.

Defn: Without a chief or leader.

CHIEFLY
Chief"ly, adv.

1. In the first place; principally; preëminently; above; especially.
Search through this garden; leave unsearched no nook; But chiefly
where those two fair creatures lodge. Milton.

2. For the most part; mostly.
Those parts of the kingdom where the . . . estates of the dissenters
chiefly lay. Swift.

CHIEFRIE
Chief"rie, n.

Defn: A small rent paid to the lord paramount. [Obs.] Swift.

CHIEFTAIN
Chief"tain, n. Etym: [OE. cheftayn, chevetayn, OF. chevetain, F.
capitaine, LL. capitanus, fr. L. caput head. Cf. Captain, and see
chief.]

Defn: A captain, leader, or commander; a chief; the head of a troop,
army, or clan.

Syn.
 -- Chief; commander; leader; head. See Chief.

CHIEFTAINCY; CHIEFTAINSHIP
Chief"tain*cy, Chief"tain*ship, n.

Defn: The rank, dignity, or office of a chieftain.

CHIERTE
Chier"te, n. Etym: [OF. cherté. See Charity.]

Defn: Love; tender regard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHIEVANCE
Chiev"ance, n. Etym: [OF. chevance property, equiv. To chevisance,
fr. chevir to accomplish. See Chevisance.]

Defn: An unlawful bargain; traffic in which money is exported as
discount. [Obs.] Bacon.

CHIEVE
Chieve, v. i.

Defn: See Cheve, v. i. [Obs.]

CHIFF-CHAFF
Chiff"-chaff (, n. Etym: [So called from its note.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of European warbler (Sylvia hippolais); -- called
also chip-chap, and pettychaps.

CHIFFON
Chif`fon", n. [F., lit., rag. See Chiffonier.]

1.

Defn: Any merely ornamental adjunct of a woman's dress, as a bunch of
ribbon, lace, etc.

2.  A kind of soft gauzy material used for ruches, trimmings, etc.

CHIFFONIER; CHIFFONIERE
Chif`fo*nier", fem. Chif`fo-nière", n. Etym: [F. chiffonnier, fem.
chiffonnière, fr. chiffon rag, fr. chiffe a rag, fimsy cloth.]

1. One who gathers rags and odds and ends; a ragpicker.

2. A receptacle for rags or shreds.

3. A movable and ornamental closet or piece of furniture with shelves
or drawers. G. Eliot.

CHIGNON
Chi"gnon (, n. Etym: [F., prop. equiv. to chaînon link, fr. chaîne
chain, fr. L. catena Cf. Chain.]

Defn: A knot, boss, or mass of hair, natural or artificial, worn by a
woman at the back of the head.
A curl that had strayed from her chignon. H. James.

CHIGOE; CHIGRE
Chig"oe, Chig"re, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chigue, perh. fr. Catalan chic
small, Sp. chico; or of Peruvian origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of flea (Pulex penetrans), common in the West Indies
and South America, which often attacks the feet or any exposed part
of the human body, and burrowing beneath the skin produces great
irritation. When the female is allowed to remain and breed,
troublesome sores result, which are sometimes dangerous. See Jigger.
[Written also chegre, chegoe, chique, chigger, jigger.]

Note: The name is sometimes erroneously given to certain mites or
ticks having similar habits.

CHIH FU
Chih" fu`. [Chin. chih fu, lit., (He who) knows (the) prefecture.]

Defn: An official administering a prefecture of China; a prefect,
supervising the civil business of the hsiens or districts comprised
in his fu (which see).

CHIH HSIEN
Chih" hsien`. [Chin. chih hsien, lit., (He who) knows (the)
district.]

Defn: An official having charge of a hsien, or administrative
district, in China; a district magistrate, responsible for good order
in his hsien (which see), and having jurisdiction in its civil and
criminal cases.

CHIH TAI
Chih" tai`. [Chin. chih to govern + t"ai an honorary title.]

Defn: A Chinese governor general; a tsung tu (which see).

CHIKARA
Chi*ka"ra (, n. Etym: [Hind.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The Ingoat antelope (Tragops Bennettii) Of India.
(b) The Indian four-horned antelope (Tetraceros quadricornis).

CHILBLAIN
Chil"blain`, n. Etym: [Chill + Blain.]

Defn: A blain, sore, or inflammatory swelling, produced by exposure
of the feet or hands to cold, and attended by itching, pain, and
sometimes ulceration.

CHILBLAIN
Chil"blain`, v. t.

Defn: To produce chilblains upon.

CHILD
Child, n.; pl. Children. Etym: [AS. cild, pl. cildru; cf. Goth.
kilÞei womb, in-kilÞ\'d3 with child.]

1. A son or a daughter; a male or female descendant, in the first
degree; the immediate progeny of human parents; -- in law, legitimate
offspring. Used also of animals and plants.

2. A descendant, however remote; -- used esp. in the plural; as, the
children of Israel; the children of Edom.

3. One who, by character of practice, shows signs of relationship to,
or of the influence of, another; one closely connected with a place,
occupation, character, etc.; as, a child of God; a child of the
devil; a child of disobedience; a child of toil; a child of the
people.

4. A noble youth. See Childe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

5. A young person of either sex. esp. one between infancy and youth;
hence, one who exhibits the characteristics of a very young person,
as innocence, obedience, trustfulness, limited understanding, etc.
When I was child. I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I
thought as a child; but when I became a man, I put away childish
things. 1. Cor. xii. 11.

6. A female infant. [Obs.]
A boy or a child, I wonder Shak.
To be with child, to be pregnant.
 -- Child's play, light work; a trifling contest.

CHILD
Child, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Childed; p. pr. & vb. n. Childing.]

Defn: To give birth; to produce young.
This queen Genissa childing died. Warner.
It chanced within two days they childed both. Latimer.

CHILDBEARING
Child"bear`ing, n.

Defn: The act of producing or bringing forth children; parturition.
Milton. Addison.

CHILDBED
Child"bed, n.

Defn: The state of a woman bringing forth a child, or being in labor;
parturition.

CHILDBIRTH
Child"birth, n.

Defn: The act of bringing forth a child; travail; labor. Jer. Taylor.

CHILDCROWING
Child"crow`ing, n. (Med.)

Defn: The crowing noise made by children affected with spasm of the
laryngeal muscles; false croup.

CHILDE
Childe, n.

Defn: A cognomen formerly prefixed to his name by the oldest son,
until he succeeded to his ancestral titles, or was knighted; as,
Childe Roland.

CHILDED
Child"ed, a.

Defn: Furnished with a child. [Obs.]

CHILDERMAS DAY
Chil"dermas day`. Etym: [AS. cildamæsse-dæg; cild child +dæg day.]
(Eccl.)

Defn: A day (December 28) observed by mass or festival in
commemoration of the children slain by Herod at Bethlehem; -- called
also Holy Innocent's Day.

CHILDHOOD
Child"hood, n. Etym: [AS. cildhad; cild child + -had. See Child, and
hood.]

1. The state of being a child; the time in which persons are
children; the condition or time from infancy to puberty.
I have walked before you from my childhood. 1. Sam. xii. 2.

2. Children, taken collectively. [R.]
The well-governed childhood of this realm. Sir. W. Scott.

3. The commencement; the first period.
The childhood of our joy. Shak.
Second childhood, the state of being feeble and incapable from old
age.

CHILDING
Child"ing, a. Etym: [See Child, v. i.]

Defn: Bearing Children; (Fig.) productive; fruitful. [R.] Shak.

CHILDISH
Child"ish, a.

1. Of, pertaining to, befitting, or resembling, a child. "Childish
innocence." Macaulay.

2. Peurile; trifling; weak.
Methinks that simplicity in her countenance is rather childish than
innocent. Addison.

Note: Childish, as applied tc persons who are grown up, is in a
disparaging sense; as, a childish temper.

CHILDISHLY
Child"ish*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a child; in a trifling way; in a weak or
foolish manner.

CHILDISHNESS
Child"ish*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being childish; simplicity;
harmlessness; weakness of intellect.

CHILDLESSNESS
Child"less*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being childless.

CHILDLIKE
Child"like, a.

Defn: Resembling a child, or that which belongs to children; becoming
a child; meek; submissive; dutiful. "Childlike obedience." Hooker.

Note: Childlike, as applied to persons grown up, is commonly in a
good sense; as, childlike grace or simplicity; childlike modesty.

CHILDLY
Child"ly, a.

Defn: Having tthe character of a child; belonging, or appropriate, to
a child. Gower.

CHILDLY
Child"ly, adv.

Defn: Like a child. Mrs. Browning.

CHILDNESS
Child"ness, n.

Defn: The manner characteristic of a child. [Obs.] "Varying
childness." Shak.

CHILDREN
Chil"dren, n.;

Defn: pl. of Child.

CHILDSHIP
Child"ship, n.

Defn: The state or relation of being a child.

CHILD STUDY
Child study.

Defn: A scientific study of children, undertaken for the purpose of
discovering the laws of development of the body and the mind from
birth to manhood.

CHILEAN
Chil"e*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Chile.

CHILEAN
Chil"e*an, n.

Defn: A native or resident of Chile; Chilian.

CHILEAN PINE
Chilean pine. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Monkey-puzzle.

CHILI
Chil"i, n. Etym: [Sp. chili, chile.]

Defn: A kind of red pepper. See Capsicum [Written also chilli and
chile.]

CHILIAD
Chil"i*ad, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A thousand; the aggregate of a thousand things; especially, a
period of a thousand years.
The world, then in the seventh chiliad, will be assumed up unto God.
Sir. T. More.

CHILIAGON
Chil"i*a*gon, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A plane figure of a thousand angles and sides. Barlow.

CHILIAHEDRON
Chil"i*a*hedron, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A figure bounded by a thousand plane surfaces [Spelt also
chiliaëdron.]

CHILIAN
Chil"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Chili.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or citizen of Chili.

CHILIAN; CHILIARCH
Chil"i*an, Chil"i*arch`, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The commander or chief of a thousand men.

CHILIARCHY
Chil"i*arch`y, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A body consisting of a thousand men. Mitford.

CHILIASM
Chil"i*asm, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. The millennium.

2. The doctrine of the personal reign of Christ on earth during the
millennium.

CHILIAST
Chil"i*ast, n. Etym: [Gr. Chiliasm.]

Defn: One who believes in the second coming of Christ to reign on
earth a thousand years; a milllenarian.

CHILIASTIC
Chili*astic, a.

Defn: Millenarian. "The obstruction offered by the chiliastic
errors." J. A. Alexander.

CHILL
Chill, n. Etym: [AS. cele, cyle, from the same root as celan, calan,
to be cold; akin to D. kil cold, coldness, Sw. kyla to chill, and E.
cool. See Cold, and cf. Cool.]

1. A moderate but disagreeable degree of cold; a disagreeable
sensation of coolness, accompanied with shivering. "[A] wintry
chill." W. Irving.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A sensation of cold with convulsive shaking of the body,
pinched face, pale skin, and blue lips, caused by undue cooling of
the body or by nervous excitement, or forming the precursor of some
constitutional disturbance, as of a fever.

3. A check to enthusiasm or warmth of feeling; discouragement; as, a
chill comes over an assemblly.

4. An iron mold or portion of a mold, serving to cool rapidly, and so
to harden, the surface of molten iron brought in contact with it.
Raymond.

5. The hardened part of a casting, as the tread of a car wheel.
Knight. Chill and fever, fever and ague.

CHILL
Chill, a.

1. Moderately cold; tending to cause shivering; chilly; raw.
Noisome winds, and blasting vapors chill. Milton.

2. Affected by cold. "My veins are chill." Shak.

3. Characterized by coolness of manner, feeling, etc.; lacking
enthusiasm or warmth; formal; distant; as, a chill reception.

4. Discouraging; depressing; dispiriting.

CHILL
Chill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chilled (chìld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chilling.]

1. To strike with a chill; to make chilly; to cause to shiver; to
affect with cold.
When winter chilled the day. Goldsmith.

2. To check enthusiasm or warmth of feeling of; to depress; to
discourage.
Every thought on God chills the gayety of his spirits. Rogers.

3. (Metal.)

Defn: To produce, by sudden cooling, a change of crystallization at
or near the surface of, so as to increase the hardness; said of cast
iron.

CHILL
Chill, v. i. (Metal.)

Defn: To become surface-hardened by sudden cooling while solidifying;
as, some kinds of cast iron chill to a greater depth than others.

CHILLED
Chilled, a.

1. Hardened on the surface or edge by chilling; as, chilled iron; a
chilled wheel.

2. (Paint.)

Defn: Having that cloudiness or dimness of surface that is called
"blooming."

CHILLI
Chil"li, n.

Defn: See Chili.

CHILLINESS
Chill"i*ness, n.

1. A state or sensation of being chilly; a disagreeable sensation of
coldness.

2. A moderate degree of coldness; disagreeable coldness or rawness;
as, the chilliness of the air.

3. Formality; lack of warmth.

CHILLING
Chill"ing, a.

Defn: Making chilly or cold; depressing; discouraging; cold; distant;
as, a chilling breeze; a chilling manner.
 -- Chill"ing"ly, adv.

CHILLNESS
Chill"ness, n.

Defn: Coolness; coldness; a chill.
Death is the chillness that precedes the dawn. Longfellow.

CHILLY
Chill"y, a.

Defn: Moderately cold; cold and raw or damp so as to cause shivering;
causing or feeling a disagreeable sensation of cold, or a shivering.

CHILOGNATH
Chi"log*nath, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A myriapod of the order Chilognatha.

CHILOGNATHA
Chi*log"na*tha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the two principal orders of myriapods. They have
numerous segments, each bearing two pairs of small, slender legs,
which are attached ventrallly, near together.

CHILOMA
Chi*lo"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oma.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tumid upper lip of certain mammals, as of a camel.

CHILOPOD
Chi"lo*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A myriapod of the order Chilopoda.

CHILOPODA
Chi*lop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the orders of myriapods, including the centipeds. They
have a single pair of elongated legs attached laterally to each
segment; well developed jaws; and a pair of thoracic legs converted
into poison fangs. They are insectivorous, very active, and some
species grow to the length of a foot.

CHILOSTOMA; CHILOSTOMATA
Chi*los"to*ma, Chi*lo*stom"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive suborder of marine Bryozoa, mostly with calcareous
shells. They have a movable lip and a lid to close the aperture of
the cells. [Also written Chillostomata.]

CHILOSTOMATOUS
Chi`lo*stoma*tous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Chilostoma.

CHILTERN HUNDREDS
Chiltern Hundreds. Etym: [AS. Chiltern the Chiltern, high hills in
Buckinghamshire, perh. Fr. ceald cold + ern, ærn, place.]

Defn: A tract of crown land in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire,
England, to which is attached the nominal office of steward. As
members of Parliament cannot resign, when they wish to go out they
accept this stewardship, which legally vacates their seats.

CHIMAERA
Chi*mæ"ra, n. Etym: [NL. See Chimera.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cartilaginous fish of several species, belonging to the order
Holocephali. The teeth are few and large. The head is furnished with
appendages, and the tail terminates in a point.

CHIMAEROID
Chi*mæ"roid, a. Etym: [Chimæra + old.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Related to, or like, the chimæra.

CHIMANGO
Chi*man"go Etym: [Native name] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A south American carrion buzzard (Milvago chimango). See
Caracara.

CHIMB
Chimb (chim), n. Etym: [AS. cim, in cimstan base of a pillar; akin to
D. kim, f. Sw. kim., G. kimme f.]

Defn: The edge of a cask, etc; a chine. See Chine, n., 3. [Written
also hime.]

CHIMB
Chimb, v. i.

Defn: Chime. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHIME
Chime, n. Etym: [See Chimb.]

Defn: See Chine, n., 3.

CHIME
Chime, n. Etym: [OE. chimbe, prop., cymbal, OF. cymbe, cymble, in a
dialectic form, chymble, F. cymbale, L. cymbalum, fr. Gr. Cymbal.]

1. The harmonious sound of bells, or of musical instruments.
Instruments that made melodius chime. Milton.

2. A set of bells musically tuned to each other; specif., in the pl.,
the music performed on such a set of bells by hand, or produced by
mechanism to accompany the striking of the hours or their divisions.
We have heard the chimes at midnight. Shak.

3. Pleasing correspondence of proportion, relation, or sound. "Chimes
of verse." Cowley.

CHIME
Chime, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chimed; p. pr. & vb. n. Chiming.] Etym:
[See Chime, n.]

1. To sound in harmonious accord, as bells.

2. To be in harmony; to agree; to sut; to harmonize; to correspond;
to fall in with.
Everything chimed in with such a humor. W. irving.

3. To join in a conversation; to express assent; -- followed by in or
in with. [Colloq.]

4. To make a rude correspondence of sounds; to jingle, as in rhyming.
Cowley

CHIME
Chime, v. i.

1. To cause to sound in harmony; to play a tune, as upon a set of
bells; to move or strike in harmony.
And chime their sounding hammers. Dryden.

2. To utter harmoniously; to recite rhythmically.
Chime his childish verse. Byron.

CHIMER
Chim"er, n.

Defn: One who chimes.

CHIMERA
Chime"ra, n.; pl. Chimeras. Etym: [L. chimaera a chimera (in sense
1), Gr. qymbr a yearling ewe.]

1. (Myth.)

Defn: A monster represented as vomiting flames, and as having the
head of a lion, the body of a goat, and the tail of a dragon. "Dire
chimeras and enchanted isles." Milton.

2. A vain, foolish, or incongruous fancy, or creature of the
imagination; as, the chimera of an author. Burke.

CHIMERE
Chi*mere", n. Etym: [OF. chamarre., F. simarre (cf. It. zimarra), fr.
Sp. chamarra, zamarra, a coat made of sheepskins, a sheepskin, perh.
from Ar. sammur the Scythian weasel or marten, the sable. Cf.
Simarre.]

Defn: The upper robe worn by a bishop, to which lawn sleeves are
usually attached. Hook.

CHIMERIC
Chi*mer"ic, a.

Defn: Chimerical.

CHIMERICAL
Chi*mer"ic*al, a.

Defn: Merely imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wildly or vainly
conceived; having, or capable of having, no existence except in
thought; as, chimerical projects.

Syn.
 -- Imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wild; unfounded; vain; deceitful;
delusive.

CHIMERICALLY
Chi*mer"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Wildy; vainly; fancifully.

CHIMINAGE
Chim"i*nage, n. Etym: [OF. cheminage, fr. chemin way, road.] (Old
Law)

Defn: A toll for passage through a forest. [Obs.] Cowell.

CHIMNEY
Chim"ney, n.; pl. Chimneys. Etym: [F. cheminée, LL. caminata, fr. L.
caminus furnace, fireplace, Gr.

1. A fireplace or hearth. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

2. That part of a building which contains the smoke flues; esp. an
upright tube or flue of brick or stone, in most cases extending
through or above the roof of the building. Often used instead of
chimney shaft.
Hard by a cottage chimney smokes. Milton.

3. A tube usually of glass, placed around a flame, as of a lamp, to
create a draft, and promote combustion.

4. (Min.)

Defn: A body of ore, usually of elongated form, extending downward in
a vein. Raymond. Chimney board, a board or screen used to close a
fireplace; a fireboard.
 -- Chimney cap, a device to improve the draught of a chimney, by
presenting an exit aperture always to leeward.
 -- Chimney corner, the space between the sides of the fireplace and
the fire; hence, the fireside.
 -- Chimney hook, a hook for holding pats and kettles over a fire, --
Chimney money, hearth money, a duty formerly paid in England for each
chimney.
 -- Chimney pot (Arch.), a cylinder of earthenware or sheet metal
placed at the top of a chimney which rises above the roof.
 -- Chimney swallow. (Zoöl.) (a) An American swift (Chæture
pelasgica) which lives in chimneys. (b) In England, the common
swallow (Hirundo rustica).
 -- Chimney sweep, Chimney sweeper, one who cleans chimneys of soot;
esp. a boy who climbs the flue, and brushes off the soot.

CHIMNEY-BREAST
Chim"ney-breast`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The horizontal projection of a chimney from the wall in which
it is built; -- commonly applied to its projection in the inside of a
building only.

CHIMNEY-PIECE
Chim"ney-piece`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A decorative construction around the opning of a fireplace.

CHIMPANZEE
Chim*pan"zee, n. Etym: [From the native name: cf. F. chimpanzé,
chimpansé, chimpanzée.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An african ape (Anthropithecus troglodytes or Troglodytes
niger) which approaches more nearly to man, in most respects, than
any other ape. When full grown, it is from three to four feet high.

CHIN
Chin, n. Etym: [AS. cin, akin to OS. kin, G kinn, Icel. kinn, cheek,
Dan. & Sw. kind, L. gena, Gr. hanu. *232.]

1. The lower extremity of the face below the mouth; the point of the
under jaw.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The exterior or under surface embraced between the branches of
the lower jaw bone, in birds.

CHINA
Chi"na, n.

1. A country in Eastern Asia.

2. China ware, which is the modern popular term for porcelain. See
Porcelain. China aster (Bot.), a well-known garden flower and plant.
See Aster.
 -- China bean. See under Bean, 1.
 -- China clay See Kaolin.
 -- China grass, Same as Ramie.
 -- China ink. See India ink.
 -- China pink (Bot.), an anual or biennial species of Dianthus (D.
Chiensis) having variously colored single or double flowers; Indian
pink.
 -- China root (Med.), the rootstock of a species of Smilax (S.
China, from the East Indies; -- formerly much esteemed for the
purposes that sarsaparilla is now used for. Also the galanga root
(from Alpinia Gallanga and Alpinia officinarum).
 -- China rose. (Bot.) (a) A popular name for several free-blooming
varieties of rose derived from the Rosa Indica, and perhaps other
species. (b) A flowering hothouse plant (Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis) of
the Mallow family, common in the gardens of China and the east
Indies.
 -- China shop, a shop or store for the sale of China ware or of
crockery.
 -- China ware, porcelain; -- so called in the 17th century because
brought from the far East, and differing from the pottery made in
Europa at that time; also, loosely, crockery in general.
 -- Pride of China, China tree. (Bot.) See Azedarach.

CHINALDINE
Chin*al"dine, n. Etym: [NL. chinium quinine + aldehyde.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Quinaldine.

CHINAMAN
Chi"na*man, n.; pl. Chinamen (.

Defn: A native of China; a Chinese.

CHINCAPIN
Chin"ca*pin, n.

Defn: See Chinquapin.

CHINCH
Chinch, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. chinche, fr. L. cimex.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bedbug (Cimex lectularius).

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bug (Blissus leucopterus), which, in the United States, is
very destructive to grass, wheat, and other grains; -- also called
chiniz, chinch bug, chink bug. It resembles the bedbug in its
disgusting odor.

CHINCHA
Chin"cha, n. Etym: [Cf. Chinchilla.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A south American rodent of the genus Lagotis.

CHINCHE
Chinche, a. Etym: [F. chiche miserly.]

Defn: Parsimonious; niggardly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHINCHERIE
Chinch"er*ie, n.

Defn: Penuriousness. [Obs.]
By cause of his skarsete and chincherie. Caucer.

CHINCHILLA
Chin*chil"la, n. Etym: [Sp.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small rodent (Chinchilla lanigera), of the size of a large
squirrel, remarkable for its fine fur, which is very soft and of a
pearly gray color. It is a native of Peru and Chili.

2. The fur of the chinchilla.

3. A heavy, longnapped, tufted woolen cloth.

CHINCHONA; CHINCONA
Chin*cho"na, Chin*co"na.

Defn: See Cinchona.

CHIN COUGH
Chin" cough". Etym: [For chink cough; cf. As. cincung long laughter,
Scot. kink a violent fit of coughing, akin to MHG. kichen to pant.
Cf. Kinknaust, Cough.]

Defn: Whooping cough.

CHINE
Chine, n. Etym: [Cf. Chink.]

Defn: A chink or cleft; a narrow and deep ravine; as, Shanklin Chine
in the Isle of Wight, a quarter of a mile long and 230 feet deep.
[Prov. Eng.] "The cottage in a chine." J. Ingelow.

CHINE
Chine, n.Etym: [OF. eschine, F. échine, fr. OHG. skina needle,
prickle, shin, G. schiene splint, schienbein shin. For the meaning
cf. L. spina thorn, prickle, or spine, the backbone. Cf. Shin.]

1. The backbone or spine of an animal; the back. "And chine with
rising bristles roughly spread." Dryden.

2. A piece of the backbone of an animal, with the adjoining parts,
cut for cooking.

Note: [See Illust. of Beef.]

3. The edge or rim of a cask, etc., formed by the projecting ends of
the staves; the chamfered end of a stave.

CHINE
Chine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chined.]

1. To cut through the backbone of; to cut into chine pieces.

2. Too chamfer the ends of a stave and form the chine..

CHINED
Chined, a.

1. Pertaining to, or having, a chine, or backbone; -- used in
composition. Beau. & Fl.

2. Broken in the back. [Obs.]
He's chined, goodman. Beau. & Fl.

CHINESE
Chi"nese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to China; peculiar to China. Chinese paper.
See India paper, under India.
 -- Chinese wax, a snowy-wgite, waxlike substance brought from China.
It is the bleached secretion of certain insects of the family Coccidæ
especially Coccus Sinensis.

CHINESE
Chi*nese", n. sing. & pl.

1. A native or natives of China, or one of that yellow race with
oblique eyelids who live principally in China.

2. sing.

Defn: The language of China, which is monosyllabic.

Note: Chineses was used as a plural by the contemporaries of
Shakespeare and Milton.

CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT
Chinese Exclusion Act.

Defn: Any of several acts forbidding the immigration of Chinese
laborers into the United States, originally from 1882 to 1892 by act
of May 6, 1882, then from 1892 to 1902 by act May 5, 1892. By act of
April 29, 1902, all existing legislation on the subject was reënacted
and continued, and made applicable to the insular possessions of the
United States.

CHINK
Chink, n. Etym: [OE. chine, AS. cine fissure, chink, fr. cinan to
gape; akin to Goth. Keinan to sprout, G. keimen. Cf. Chit.]

Defn: A small cleft, rent, or fissure, of greater length than
breadth; a gap or crack; as, the chinks of wall.
Through one cloudless chink, in a black, stormy sky. Shines out the
dewy morning star. Macaulay.

CHINK
Chink, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chinked; p. pr. & vb. n. Chinking.]

Defn: To crack; to open.

CHINK
Chink, v. t.

1. To cause to open in cracks or fissures.

2. To fill up the chinks of; as, to chink a wall.

CHINK
Chink, n. Etym: [Of imitative origin. Cf. Jingle.]

1. A short, sharp sound, as of metal struck with a slight degree of
violence. "Chink of bell." Cowper.

2. Money; cash. [Cant] "To leave his chink to better hands."
Somerville.

CHINK
Chink, v. t.

Defn: To cause to make a sharp metallic sound, as coins, small pieces
of metal, etc., by bringing them into collision with each other.
Pope.

CHINK
Chink, v. i.

Defn: To make a slight, sharp, metallic sound, as by the collision of
little pieces of money, or other small sonorous bodies. Arbuthnot.

CHINKY
Chink"y, a.

Defn: Full of chinks or fissures; gaping; opening in narrow clefts.
Dryden.

CHINNED
Chinned, a.

Defn: Having a chin; -- used chiefly in compounds; as, short-chinned.

CHINOIDINE
Chi*noid"ine, n. Etym: [NL. chinium quinine (cf. G. & F. china
Peruvian bark) + --oil + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Quinodine.

CHINOISERIE
Chi`noi`se*rie" (she`nwa`z'*re"), n. [F.]

Defn: Chinese conduct, art, decoration, or the like; also, a specimen
of Chinese manners, art, decoration, etc.

CHINOLINE
Chin"o*line, n. Etym: [NL. chinium quinine (see Chinoldine) + L.
oleum oil + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Quinoline.

CHINONE
Chi"none, n. Etym: [NL. chinium quinine (see Chinoidine.) + -one.]
(Chem.)

Defn: See Quinone.

CHINOOK
Chi*nook", n.

1. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of a tribe of North American Indians now living in the
state of Washington, noted for the custom of flattening their skulls.
Chinooks also called Flathead Indians.

2. A warm westerly wind from the country of the Chinooks, sometimes
experienced on the slope of the Rocky Mountains, in Montana and the
adjacent territory.

3. A jargon of words from various languages (the largest proportion
of which is from that of the Chinooks) generally understood by all
the Indian tribes of the northwestern territories of the United
States.

CHINOOK STATE
Chi*nook" State.

Defn: Washington -- a nickname. See Chinook, n.

CHINQUAPIN
Chin"qua*pin, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A branching, nut-bearing tree or shrub (Castanea pumila) of
North America, from six to twenty feet high, allied to the chestnut.
Also, its small, sweet, edible nat. [Written also chincapin and
chinkapin.] Chinquapin oak, a small shrubby oak (Quercus prinoides)
of the Atlantic States, with edible acorns.
 -- Western Chinquapin, an evergreen shrub or tree (Castanopes
chrysophylla) of the Pacific coast. In California it is a shrub; in
Oregon a tree 30 to 125 feet high.

CHINSE
Chinse, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Chinsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Chinsing.]
(Naut.)

Defn: To thrust oakum into (seams or chinks) with a chisel , the
point of a knife, or a chinsing iron; to calk slightly. Chinsing
iron, a light calking iron.

CHINTZ
Chintz, n.; pl. Chintzes. Etym: [Hindi chint spotted cotton clooth,
chinta spot.]

Defn: Cotton cloth, printed with flowers and other devices, in a
number of different colors, and often glazed. Swift.

CHIOPPINE
Chiop*pine", n.

Defn: Same as Chopine, n.

CHIP
Chip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Chipping.] Etym:
[Cf. G. kippen to cut off the edge, to clip, pare. Cf. Chop to cut.]

1. To cut small pieces from; to diminsh or reduce to shape, by
cutting away a little at a time; to hew. Shak.

2. To break or crack, or crack off a portion of, as of an eggshell in
hatching, or a piece of crockery.

3. To bet, as with chips in the game of poker. To chip in, to
contribute, as to a fund; to share in the risks or expenses of.
[Slang. U. S.]

CHIP
Chip, v. i.

Defn: To break or fly off in small pieces.

CHIP
Chip, n.

1. A piece of wood, stone, or other substance, separated by an ax,
chisel, or cutting instrument.

2. A fragment or piece broken off; a small piece.

3. Wood or Cuban palm leaf split into slips, or straw plaited in a
special manner, for making hats or bonnets.

4. Anything dried up, withered, or without flavor; -- used
contemptuously.

5. One of the counters used in poker and other games.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: The triangular piece of wood attached to the log line. Buffalo
chips. See under Buffalo.
 -- Chip ax, a small ax for chipping timber into shape.
 -- Chip bonnet, Chip hat, a bonnet or a hat made of Chip. See Chip,
n., 3.
 -- A chip off the old block, a child who resembles either of his
parents. [Colloq.] Milton.- Potato chips, Saratoga chips, thin slices
of raw potato fried crisp.

CHIPMUNK
Chip"munk`, n. Etym: [Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A squirrel-like animal of the genus Tamias, sometimes called
the striped squirrel, chipping squirrel, ground squirrel, hackee. The
common species of the United States is the Tamias striatus. [Written
also chipmonk, chipmuck, and chipmuk.]

CHIPPENDALE
Chip"pen*dale, a.

Defn: Designating furniture designed, or like that designed, by
Thomas Chippendale, an English cabinetmaker of the 18th century.
Chippendale furniture was generally of simple but graceful outline
with delicately carved rococo ornamentation, sculptured either in the
solid wood or, in the cheaper specimens, separately and glued on. In
the more elaborate pieces three types are recognized: French
Chippendale, having much detail, like Louis Quatorze and Louis
Quinze; Chinese Chippendale, marked by latticework and pagodalike
pediments; and Gothic Chippendale, attempting to adapt medieval
details. The forms, as of the cabriole and chairbacks, often resemble
Queen Anne. In chairs, the seat is widened at the front, and the back
toward the top widened and bent backward, except in Chinese
Chippendale, in which the backs are usually rectangular. --
Chip"pen*dal*ism (#), n.

It must be clearly and unmistakably understood, then, that, whenever
painted (that is to say, decorated with painted enrichment) or inlaid
furniture is described as Chippendale, no matter where or by whom, it
is a million chances to one that the description is incorrect.
R. D. Benn.

CHIPPER
Chip"per, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Cheep, Chirp.]

Defn: To chirp or chirrup. [ Prov. Eng.] Forby.

CHIPPER
Chip"per, a.

Defn: Lively; cheerful; talkative. [U. S.]

CHIPPEWAYS
Chip"pe*ways, n. pl.; sing. Chippeway. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the northern and
weastern shores of Lake Superior; -- called also Objibways.

CHIPPING
Chip"ping, n.

1. A chip; a piece separated by a cutting or graving instrument; a
fragment.

2. The act or process of cutting or breaking off small pieces, as in
dressing iron with a chisel, or reducing a timber or block of stone
to shape.

3. The breaking off in small pieces of the edges of potter's ware,
porcelain, etc.

CHIPPING BIRD
Chip"ping bird`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chippy.

CHIPPING SQUIRREL
Chip"ping squir"rel.

Defn: See Chipmunk.

CHIPPY
Chip"py, a.

Defn: Abounding in, or resembling, chips; dry and tasteless.

CHIPPY
Chip"py, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small American sparrow (Spizella socialis), very common near
dwelling; -- also called chipping bird and chipping sparrow, from its
simple note.

CHIPS
Chips, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A ship's carpenter. [Cant.]

CHIRAGRA
Chi*ra"gra, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Gout in the hand.

CHIRAGRICAL
Chi*rag"ric*al, a.

Defn: Having the gout in the hand, or subject to that disease. Sir.
T. Browne.

CHIRETTA
Chi*ret"ta, n. Etym: [Hind. chira\'c6ta.]

Defn: A plant (Agathotes Chirayta) found in Northern India, having
medicinal properties to the gentian, and esteemed as a tonic and
febrifuge.

CHIRK
Chirk, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Chirp, also Creak.]

1. To shriek; to gnash; to utter harsh or shrill cries. [Obs.]
All full of chirkyng was that sorry place. Cheucer.

2. To chirp like a bird. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHIRK
Chirk, v. t.

Defn: To cheer; to enliven; as, to chirk one up. [Colloq. New Eng. ]

CHIRK
Chirk, a. Etym: [From Chirk, v. i.]

Defn: Lively; cheerful; in good spirits. [Colloq. New Eng.]

CHIRM
Chirm, v. i. Etym: [Cf. AS. cyrman, cirman, to cry out. *24 Cf.
Chirp.]

Defn: To chirp or to make a mournful cry, as a bird. [Obs.] Huloet.

CHIROGNOMY
Chi*rog"no*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The art of judging character by the shape and apperance of the
hand.

CHIROGRAPH
Chi"ro*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. (Old. Law)
(a) A writing which, reguiring a counterpart, was engrossed twice on
the same piece of parchment, with a space between, in which was
written the word chirographum, through which the parchment was cut,
and one part given to each party. It answered to what is now called a
charter party.
(b) The last part of a fine of land, commonly called the foot of the
fine. Bouvier.

CHIROGRAPHER
Chi*rog"ra*pher, n.

1. One who practice the art or business of writing or engrossing.

2. See chirographist, 2. Chirographer of fines (Old Eng. Law), an
officer in the court of common pleas, who engrossed fines.

CHIROGRAPHIC; CHIROGRAPHICAL
Chi`ro*graph"ic, Chi`ro*graph"ic*al a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to chirography.

CHIROGRAPHIST
Chi*rog"ra*phist, n.

1. A chirographer; a writer or engrosser.

2. One who tells fortunes by examining the hand.

CHIROGRAPHY
Chi*rog"ra*phy, n.

1. The art of writing or engrossing; handwriting; as, skilled in
chirography.

2. The art of telling fortunes by examining the hand.

CHIROGYMNAST
Chi`ro*gym"nast, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A mechanocal contrivance for exercesing the fingers of a
pianist.

CHIROLOGICAL
Chi`ro*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to chirology.

CHIROLOGIST
Chi*rol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who communicates thoughts by signs made with the hands and
fingers.

CHIROLOGY
Chi*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The art or practice of using the manual alphabet or of
communicating thoughts by sings made by the hands and fingers; a
substitute for spoken or written language in intercourse with the
deaf and dumb. See Dactylalogy.

CHIROMANCER
Chi"ro*man`cer, n.

Defn: One who practices chiromancy. Dryden.

CHIROMANCY
Chi"ro*mancy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: The art or practice of foretelling events, or of telling the
fortunes or the disposition of persons by inspecting the hand;
palmistry.

CHIROMANIST; CHIROMANTIST
Chi"ro*man`ist, Chi"ro*man`tist n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A chiromancer.

CHIROMANTIC; CHIROMANTICAL
Chi`ro*man"tic, Chi`ro*man"tic*al a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to chiromancy.

CHIROMONIC
Chi`ro*mon"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to chironomy.

CHIRONOMY
Chi*ron"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The art of moving the hands in oratory or in pantomime; gesture
[Obs.]

CHIROPLAST
Chi"ro*plast, n. Etym: [Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument to guid the hands and fingers of pupils in
playing on the piano, etc.

CHIROPODIST
Chi*rop"o*dist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who treats diseases of the hands and feet; especially, one
who removes corns and bunions.

CHIROPODY
Chirop"ody, n.

Defn: The art of treating diseases of the hands and feet.

CHIROSOPHIST
Chiros"ophist, n. Etym: [Gr. Sophist.]

Defn: A fortune teller.

CHIRP
Chirp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chirped; p. pr. & vb. n. Chirping.] Etym:
[Of imitative orgin. Cf. Chirk, Chipper, Cheep, Chirm, Chirrup.]

Defn: To make a shop, sharp, cheerful, as of small birds or crickets.

CHIRP
Chirp, n.

Defn: A short, sharp note, as of a bird or insect. "The chirp of
flitting bird." Bryant.

CHIRPER
Chirp"er, n.

Defn: One who chirps, or is cheerful.

CHIRPING
Chirp"ing, a.

Defn: Cheering; enlivening.
He takes his chirping pint, he cracks his jokes. Pope.

CHIRPINGLY
Chirp"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a chirping manner.

CHIRRE
Chirre, v. i. Etym: [Cf. G. girren, AS. corian to murmur, complain.
*24.]

Defn: To coo, as a pigeon. [Obs.]

CHIRRUP
Chir"rup, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chirruped; p. pr. & vb. n. Chirruping.]
Etym: [See Chirp.]

Defn: To quicken or animate by chirping; to cherup.

CHIRRUP
Chir"rup, v. i.

Defn: To chirp. Tennyson.
The criket chirrups on the hearth. Goldsmith.

CHIRRUP
Chir"rup, n.

Defn: The act of chirping; a chirp.
The sparrows' chirrup on the roof. Tennyson.

CHIRRUPY
Chir"rupy, a.

Defn: Cheerful; joyous; chatty.

CHIRURGEON
Chi*rur"geon, n. Etym: [F. chirurgien, from chirurgie surgery, fr.
Gr. Surgeon, Work.]

Defn: A surgeon. [Obs.]

CHIRURGEONLY
Chi*rur"geon*ly, adv.

Defn: Surgically. [Obs.] Shak.

CHIRURGERY
Chi*rur"ger*y, n. Etym: [See Chirurgeon, and cf. Surgery.]

Defn: Surgery. [Obs.]

CHIRURGIC; CHIRURGICAL
Chi*rur"gic, Chirur"gical, a. Etym: [Cf. F. chirurgiquerurgical, L.
Chirurgicus, Gr. Chirurgeon, and cf. Surgical.]

Defn: Surgical [Obs.] "Chirurgical lore" Longfellow.

CHISEL
Chis"el, n. Etym: [OF. chisel, F. ciseau, fr. LL. cisellus, prob. for
caesellus, fr. L. caesus, p. p. of caedere to cut. Cf. Scissors.]

Defn: A tool with a cutting edge on one end of a metal blade, used in
dressing, shaping, or working in timber, stone, metal, etc.; --
usually driven by a mallet or hammer. Cold chisel. See under Cold, a.

CHISEL
Chis"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chiseled, or Chiselled (p. pr. & vb. n.
Chiseling, or Chiselling.] Etym: [Cf. F. ciseler.]

1. To cut, pare, gouge, or engrave with a chisel; as, to chisel a
block of marble into a statue.

2. To cut close, as in a bargain; to cheat. [Slang]

CHISLEU
Chis"leu, n. Etym: [Heb.]

Defn: The ninth month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, answering to
a part of November with a part of December.

CHISLEY
Chis"ley, a. Etym: [AS. ceosel gravel or sand. Cf. Chessom.]

Defn: Having a large admixture of small pebbles or gravel; -- said of
a soil. Gardner.

CHIT
Chit, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. ci shoot, sprig, from the same root as cinan
to yawn. See Chink a cleft.]

1. The embryo or the growing bud of a plant; a shoot; a sprout; as,
the chits of Indian corn or of potatoes.

2. A child or babe; as, a forward chit; also, a young, small, or
insignificant person or animal.
A little chit of a woman. Thackeray.

3. An excrescence on the body, as a wart. [Obs.]

4. A small tool used in cleaving laths. Knight.

CHIT
Chit, v. i.

Defn: To shoot out; to sprout.
I have known barley chit in seven hours after it had been thrown
forth. Mortimer.

CHIT
Chit, 3d sing. of Chide.

Defn: Chideth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHITCHAT
Chit"chat, n. Etym: [From Chat, by way of reduplication.]

Defn: Familiar or trifling talk; prattle.

CHITIN
Chi"tin, n. Etym: [See Chiton.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white amorphous horny substance forming the harder part of
the outer integument of insects, crustacea, and various other
invertebrates; entomolin.

CHITINIZATION
Chi`ti*ni*za"tion, n.

Defn: The process of becoming chitinous.

CHITINOUS
Chi"ti*nous, a.

Defn: Having the nature of chitin; consisting of, or containing,
chitin.

CHITON
Chi"ton, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. An under garment among the ancient Greeks, nearly representing the
modern shirt.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of gastropod mollusks, with a shell composed of
eight movable dorsal plates. See Polyplacophora.

CHITTER
Chit"ter, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Chatter.]

1. To chirp in a tremulous manner, as a bird. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To shiver or chatter with cold. [Scot.] Burns.

CHITTERLING
Chit"ter*ling, n.

Defn: The frill to the breast of a shirt, which when ironed out
resembled the small entrails. See Chitterlings. [Obs.] Gascoigne.

CHITTERLINGS
Chit"ter*lings, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. AS. cwiÞ womb, Icel. kvith, Goth.
qiÞus, belly, womb, stomach, G. kutteln chitterlings.] (Cookery)

Defn: The smaller intestines of swine, etc., fried for food.

CHITTRA
Chit"tra, n. Etym: [Native Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The axis deer of India.

CHITTY
Chit"ty, a.

1. Full of chits or sprouts.

2. Childish; like a babe. [Obs.]

CHIVACHIE
Chiv"a*chie`, n. Etym: [OF. chevauchie, chevauchée; of the same
origin as E. cavalcade.]

Defn: A cavalry raid; hence, a military expedition. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHIVALRIC
Chiv"al*ric, a. Etym: [See Chivalry.]

Defn: Relating to chivalry; knightly; chivalrous.

CHIVALROUS
Chiv"al*rous, a. Etym: [OF. chevalerus, chevalereus, fr. chevalier.
See Chivalry.]

Defn: Pertaining to chivalry or knight-errantry; warlike; heroic;
gallant; high-spirited; high-minded; magnanimous.
In brave pursuit of chivalrous emprise. Spenser.

CHIVALROUSLY
Chiv"al*rous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a chivalrous manner; gallantly; magnanimously.

CHIVALRY
Chiv"al*ry, n. Etym: [F. chevalerie, fr. chevalier knight, OF.,
horseman. See Chevalier, and cf. Cavalry.]

1. A body or order of cavaliers or knights serving on horseback;
illustrious warriors, collectively; cavalry. "His Memphian chivalry."
Milton.
By his light Did all the chivalry of England move, To do brave acts.
Shak.

2. The dignity or system of knighthood; the spirit, usages, or
manners of knighthood; the practice of knight-errantry. Dryden.

3. The qualifications or character of knights, as valor, dexterity in
arms, courtesy, etc.
The glory of our Troy this day doth lie On his fair worth and single
chivalry. Shak.

4. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A tenure of lands by knight's service; that is, by the
condition of a knight's performing service on horseback, or of
performing some noble or military service to his lord.

5. Exploit. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Court of chivalry, a court formerly
held before the lord high constable and earl marshal of England as
judges, having cognizance of contracts and other matters relating to
deeds of arms and war. Blackstone.

CHIVARRAS; CHIVARROS
Chi*var"ras,  Chi*var"ros, n. pl. [Mex. Sp.]

Defn: Leggings. [Mex. & Southwestern U. S.]

CHIVE
Chive, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A filament of a stamen. [Obs.]

CHIVE
Chive, n. Etym: [F. cive, fr. L. cepa, caepa, onion. Cf. Cives,
Cibol.] (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial plant (Allium Schoenoprasum), allied to the onion.
The young leaves are used in omelets, etc. [Written also cive.]

CHIVY
Chiv"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chivied; p. pr. & vb. n. Chivying.] Etym:
[Cf. Chevy.]

Defn: To goad, drive, hunt, throw, or pitch. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens.

CHLAMYDATE
Chlam"y*date, a. Etym: [L. chlamydatus dressed in a military cloak.
See Chlamys.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a mantle; -- applied to certain gastropods.

CHLAMYPHORE
Chlam"y*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American edentate (Chlamyphorus truncatus, and C.
retusus) allied to the armadillo. It is covered with a leathery shell
or coat of mail, like a cloak, attached along the spine.

CHLAMYS
Chla"mys, n.; pl. E. Chlamyses, L. Chlamydes. Etym: [L., from Gr.

Defn: A loose and flowing outer garment, worn by the ancient Greeks;
a kind of cloak.

CHLOASMA
Chlo*as"ma, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A cutaneous affection characterized by yellow or yellowish
brown pigmented spots.

CHLORAL
Chlo"ral, n. Etym: [Chlorine + alcohol.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless oily liquid, CCl3.CHO, of a pungent odor and harsh
taste, obtained by the action of chlorine upon ordinary or ethyl
alcohol.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Chloral hydrate. Chloral hydrate, a white crystalline
substance, obtained by treating chloral with water. It produces sleep
when taken internally or hypodermically; -- called also chloral.

CHLORALAMIDE
Chlo"ral*am`ide, n. Etym: [Chloral + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of chloral and formic amide used to produce sleep.

CHLORALISM
Chlo"ral*ism, n. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition of the system resulting from excessive use
of chloral.

CHLORALUM
Chlor`al"um, n. Etym: [Chlorine + aluminium.]

Defn: An impure aqueous solution of chloride of aluminium, used as an
antiseptic and disinfectant.

CHLORANIL
Chlor`an"il, n. Etym: [Chlorine + aniline.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance, C6Cl4.O2, regarded as a
derivative of quinone, obtained by the action of chlorine on certain
benzene derivatives, as aniline.

CHLORATE
Chlo"rate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chlorate. See Chlorine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of chloric acid; as, chlorate of potassium.

CHLORAURATE
Chlor`au"rate, n. Etym: [Chlorine + aurate.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Aurochloride.

CHLORHYDRIC
Chlor`hy"dric, a. Etym: [Chlorine + hydrogen + -ic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Hydrochloric.

CHLORHYDRIN
Chlor`hy"drin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of compounds formed from certain polybasic
alcohols (and especially glycerin) by the substitution of chlorine
for one or more hydroxyl groups.

CHLORIC
Chlo"ric, a. Etym: [From Chlorine.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, chlorine; -- said of those
compounds of chlorine in which this element has a valence of five, or
the next to its highest; as, chloric acid, HClO3. Chloric ether
(Chem.), ethylene dichloride. See Dutch liquid, under Dutch.

CHLORIDATE
Chlo"ri*date, v.t.

Defn: To treat or prepare with a chloride, as a plate with chloride
of silver, for the purposes of photography. R. Hunt.

CHLORIDE
Chlo"ride, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of chlorine with another element or radical;
as, chloride of sodium (common salt). Chloride of ammonium, sal
ammoniac.
 -- Chloride of lime, bleaching powder; a grayish white substance,
CaOClcalcium hypochlorite. See Hypochlorous acid, under Hypochlorous.
 -- Mercuric chloride, corrosive sublimate.

CHLORIDIC
Chlo*rid"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a chloride; containing a chloride.

CHLORIDIZE
Chlo"rid*ize, v. t.

Defn: See Chloridate.

CHLORIMETRY
Chlo*rim"e*try, n.

Defn: See Chlorometry.

CHLORINATE
Chlo"rin*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chlorinated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chlorinating.] (Chem.)

Defn: To treat, or cause to combine, with chlorine.

CHLORINATION
Chlo`ri*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of subjecting anything to the action of
chlorine; especially, a process for the extraction of gold by
exposure of the auriferous material to chlorine gas.

CHLORINE
Chlo"rine, n. Etym: [Gr. Yellow.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the elementary substances, commonly isolated as a
greenish yellow gas, two and one half times as heavy as air, of an
intensely disagreeable suffocating odor, and exceedingly poisonous.
It is abundant in nature, the most important compound being common
salt. It is powerful oxidizing, bleaching, and disinfecting agent.
Symbol Cl. Atomic weight, 35.4. Chlorine family, the elements
fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, called the halogens, and
classed together from their common peculiariries.

CHLORIODIC
Chlor`i*od"ic, a.

Defn: Compounded of chlorine and iodine; containing chlorine and
iodine.

CHLORIODINE
Chlor`i"o*dine, n.

Defn: A compound of chlorine and iodine. [R.]

CHLORITE
Chlo"rite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: The name of a group of minerals, usually of a green color and
micaceous to granular in structure. They are hydrous silicates of
alumina, iron, and magnesia. Chlorite slate, a schistose or slaty
rock consisting of alumina, iron, and magnesia.

CHLORITE
Chlo"rite, n. Etym: [Chlorous + -ite.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any salt of chlorous acid; as, chlorite of sodium.

CHLORITIC
Chlo*rit"ic, a. Etym: [From 1st Chlorite.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, chlorite; as, chloritic sand.

CHLORMETHANE
Chlor`meth"ane, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless gas, CH3Cl, of a sweet odor, easily condensed to a
liquid; -- called also methyl chloride.

CHLORO-
Chlo"ro-. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix denoting that chlorine is an ingredient in the
substance named.

CHLOROCRUORIN
Chlo`ro*cru"o*rin, n. Etym: [Gr. cruorin.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A green substance, supposed to be the cause of the green color
of the blood in some species of worms. Ray Lankester.

CHLORODYNE
Chlo"ro*dyne, n. Etym: [From chlorine, in imitation of anodyne.]
(Med.)

Defn: A patent anodyne medicine, containing opium, chloroform, Indian
hemp, etc.

CHLOROFORM
Chlo"ro*form, n. Etym: [Chlorine + formyl, it having been regarded as
a trichloride of this radical: cf. F. chloroforme, G. chloroform.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A colorless volatile liquid, CHCl3, having an ethereal odor and
a sweetish taste, formed by treating alcohol with chlorine and an
alkali. It is a powerful solvent of wax, resin, etc., and is
extensively used to produce anæsthesia in surgical operations; also
externally, to alleviate pain.

CHLOROFORM
Chlo"ro*form, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chloroformed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chloroforming.]

Defn: To treat with chloroform, or to place under its influence.

CHLOROLEUCITE
Chlo`ro*leu"cite, n. Etym: [Gr. leucite.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Chloroplastid.

CHLOROMETER
Chlo*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chloromètre. See Chlorine, and -
meter.]

Defn: An instrument to test the decoloring or bleaching power of
chloride of lime.

CHLOROMETRY
Chlo*rom"e*try, n.

Defn: The process of testing the bleaching power of any combination
of chlorine.

CHLOROPAL
Chlo*ro"pal, n. Etym: [Gr. opal.] (Min.)

Defn: A massive mineral, greenish in color, and opal-like in
appearance. It is essentially a hydrous silicate of iron.

CHLOROPEPTIC
Chlo`ro*pep"tic, a. Etym: [Chlorine + peptic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an acid more generally called pepsin-
hydrochloric acid.

CHLOROPHANE
Chlo"ro*phane, n. Etym: [Gr. chlorophane.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of fluor spar, which, when heated, gives a beautiful
emerald green light.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The yellowish green pigment in the inner segment of the cones
of the retina. See Chromophane.

CHLOROPHYLL
Chlo"ro*phyll, n. Etym: [Gr. chlorophylle.] (Bot.)

Defn: Literally, leaf green; a green granular matter formed in the
cells of the leaves (and other parts exposed to light) of plants, to
which they owe their green color, and through which all ordinary
assimilation of plant food takes place. Similar chlorophyll granules
have been found in the tissues of the lower animals. [Written also
chlorophyl.]

CHLOROPLAST
Chlo"ro*plast, n. [Pref. chloro-+ Gr.  to mold, form.] (Biol.)

Defn: A plastid containing chlorophyll, developed only in cells
exposed to the light. Chloroplasts are minute flattened granules,
usually occurring in great numbers in the cytoplasm near the cell
wall, and consist of a colorless ground substance saturated with
chlorophyll pigments. Under light of varying intensity they exhibit
phototactic movements. In animals chloroplasts occur only in certain
low forms.

CHLOROPLASTID
Chlo`ro*plas"tid, n. Etym: [Gr. plastid.] (Bot.)

Defn: A granule of chlorophyll; -- also called chloroleucite.

CHLOROPLATINIC
Chlo`ro*pla*tin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: See Platinichloric.

CHLOROSIS
Chlo*ro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. chlorose.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: The green sickness; an anæmic disease of young women,
characterized by a greenish or grayish yellow hue of the skin,
weakness, palpitation, etc.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A disease in plants, causing the flowers to turn green or the
leaves to lose their normal green color.

CHLOROTIC
Chlo*rot"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. chlorotique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or affected by, chlorosis.

CHLOROUS
Chlo"rous, a. Etym: [See Chlorine.]

1. Of, pertaining to, or derived from, chlorine; -- said of those
compounds of chlorine in which this element has a valence of three,
the next lower than in chloric compounds; as, chlorous acid, HClO2.

2. (Chem. Physics)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the electro-negative character of
chlorine; hence, electro-negative; -- opposed to basylous or zincous.
[Obs.]

CHLORPICRIN
Chlor`pi"crin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A heavy, colorless liquid, CCl3.NO2, of a strong pungent odor,
obtained by subjecting picric acid to the action of chlorine.
[Written also chloropikrin.]

CHLORURET
Chlo"ru*ret, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chlorure.] (Chem.)

Defn: A chloride. [Obs.]

CHOAK
Choak, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Choke.

CHOANOID
Cho"a*noid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Funnel-shaped; -- applied particularly to a hollow muscle
attached to the ball of the eye in many reptiles and mammals.

CHOCARD
Cho"card, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chough.

CHOCK
Chock, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chocked; p. pr. & vb. n. Chocking.]

Defn: To stop or fasten, as with a wedge, or block; to scotch; as, to
chock a wheel or cask.

CHOCK
Chock, v. i.

Defn: To fill up, as a cavity. "The woodwork . . . exactly chocketh
into joints." Fuller.

CHOCK
Chock, n.

1. A wedge, or block made to fit in any space which it is desired to
fill, esp. something to steady a cask or other body, or prevent it
from moving, by fitting into the space around or beneath it.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A heavy casting of metal, usually fixed near the gunwale. It
has two short horn-shaped arms curving inward, between which ropes or
hawsers may pass for towing, mooring, etc.

CHOCK
Chock, adv. (Naut.)

Defn: Entirely; quite; as, chock home; chock aft.

CHOCK
Chock, v. t. Etym: [F. choquer. Cf. Shock, v. t.]

Defn: To encounter. [Obs.]

CHOCK
Chock, n.

Defn: An encounter. [Obs.]

CHOCKABLOCK
Chock"a*block, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Hoisted as high as the tackle will admit; brought close
together, as the two blocks of a tackle in hoisting.

CHOCK-FULL
Chock"-full`, a.

Defn: Quite full; choke-full.

CHOCOLATE
Choc"o*late, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. the Mexican name of the cacao. Cf.
Cacao, Cocoa.]

1. A paste or cake composed of the roasted seeds of the Theobroma
Cacao ground and mixed with other ingredients, usually sugar, and
cinnamon or vanilla.

2. The beverage made by dissolving a portion of the paste or cake in
boiling water or milk. Chocolate house, a house in which customers
may be served with chocolate.
 -- Chocolate nut. See Cacao.

CHOCTAWS
Choc"taws, n. pl.

Defn: ; sing. Choctaw. (Ethnol.) A tribe of North American Indians
(Southern Appalachian), in early times noted for their pursuit of
agriculture, and for living at peace with the white settlers. They
are now one of the civilized tribes of the Indian Territory.

CHODE
Chode,

Defn: the old imp. of chide. See Chide.

CHOGSET
Chog"set, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Cunner.

CHOICE
Choice, n. Etym: [OE. chois, OF. chois, F. choix, fr. choisir to
choose; of German origin; cf. Goth. kausjan to examine, kiusan to
choose, examine, G. kiesen. *46. Cf. Choose.]

1. Act of choosing; the voluntary act of selecting or separating from
two or more things that which is preferred; the determination of the
mind in preferring one thing to another; election.

2. The power or opportunity of choosing; option.
Choice there is not, unless the thing which we take be so in our
power that we might have refused it. Hooker.

3. Care in selecting; judgment or skill in distinguishing what is to
be preferred, and in giving a preference; discrimination.
I imagine they [the apothegms of Cæsar] were collected with judgment
and choice. Bacon.

4. A sufficient number to choose among. Shak.

5. The thing or person chosen; that which is approved and selected in
preference to others; selection.
The common wealth is sick of their own choice. Shak.

6. The best part; that which is preferable.
The flower and choice Of many provinces from bound to bound. Milton.
To make a choice of, to choose; to select; to separate and take in
preference.

Syn. - See Volition, Option.

CHOICE
Choice, a. [Compar. Choicer; superl. Choicest.]

1. Worthly of being chosen or preferred; select; superior; precious;
valuable.
My choicest hours of life are lost. Swift.

2. Preserving or using with care, as valuable; frugal; -- used with
of; as, to be choice of time, or of money.

3. Selected with care, and due attention to preference; deliberately
chosen.
Choice word measured phrase. Wordsworth.

Syn. - Select; precious; exquisite; uncommon; rare; chary; careful/

CHOICEFUL
Choice"ful, a.

Defn: Making choices; fickle. [Obs.]
His choiceful sense with every change doth fit. Spenser.

CHOICELY
Choice"ly, adv.

1. With care in choosing; with nice regard to preference. "A band of
men collected choicely, from each county some." Shak.

2. In a preferable or excellent manner; excellently; eminently.
"Choicely good." Walton.

CHOICENESS
Choice"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being of particular value or worth; nicely;
excellence.

CHOIR
Choir, n. Etym: [OE. quer, OF. cuer, F. choeur, fr. L. chorus a
choral dance, chorus, choir, fr. Gr. hortus garden, and E. yard. See
Chorus.]

1. A band or organized company of singers, especially in church
service. [Formerly written also quire.]

2. That part of a church appropriated to the singers.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: The chancel. Choir organ (Mus.), one of the three or five
distinct organs included in the full organ, each separable from the
rest, but all controlled by one performer; a portion of the full
organ, complete in itself, and more practicable for ordinary service
and in the accompanying of the vocal choir.
 -- Choir screen, Choir wall (Arch.), a screen or low wall separating
the choir from the aisles.
 -- Choir service, the service of singing performed by the choir. T.
Warton.

CHOKE
Choke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Choked; p. pr. & vb. n. Choking.] Etym:
[OE. cheken, choken; cf. AS. aceocian to suffocate, Icel. koka to
gulp, E. chincough, cough.]

1. To render unable to breathe by filling, pressing upon, or
squeezing the windpipe; to stifle; to suffocate; to strangle.
With eager feeding food doth choke the feeder. Shak.

2. To obstruct by filling up or clogging any passage; to block up.
Addison.

3. To hinder or check, as growth, expansion, progress, etc.; to
stifle.
Oats and darnel choke the rising corn. Dryden.

4. To affect with a sense of strangulation by passion or strong
feeling. "I was choked at this word." Swift.

5. To make a choke, as in a cartridge, or in the bore of the barrel
of a shotgun. To choke off, to stop a person in the execution of a
purpose; as, to choke off a speaker by uproar.

CHOKE
Choke, v. i.

1. To have the windpipe stopped; to have a spasm of the throat,
caused by stoppage or irritation of the windpipe; to be strangled.

2. To be checked, as if by choking; to stick.
The words choked in his throat. Sir W. Scott.

CHOKE
Choke, n.

1. A stoppage or irritation of the windpipe, producing the feeling of
strangulation.

2. (Gun.)
(a) The tied end of a cartridge.
(b) A constriction in the bore of a shotgun, case of a rocket, etc.

CHOKEBERRY
Choke"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The small apple-shaped or pear-shaped fruit of an American
shrub (Pyrus arbutifolia) growing in damp thickets; also, the shrub.

CHOKEBORE
Choke"bore`, n.

1. In a shotgun, a bore which is tapered to a slightly smaller
diameter at a short distance (usually 2½ to 3 inches) to the rear of
the muzzle, in order to prevent the rapid dispersion of the shot.

2.  A shotgun that is made with such a bore.

CHOKEBORE
Choke"bore`, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Chokebored; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chokeboring.]

Defn: To provide with a chokebore.

CHOKECHERRY
Choke"cher`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The astringent fruit of a species of wild cherry (Prunus
Virginiana); also, the bush or tree which bears such fruit.

CHOKE DAMP
Choke" damp`.

Defn: See Carbonic acid, under Carbonic.

CHOKEDAR
Cho`ke*dar", n. Etym: [Hindi chauki-dar.]

Defn: A watchman; an officer of customs or police. [India]

CHOKE-FULL
Choke"-full`, a.

Defn: Full to the brim; quite full; chock-full.

CHOKE PEAR
Choke" pear`.

1. A kind of pear that has a rough, astringent taste, and is
swallowed with difficulty, or which contracts the mucous membrane of
the mouth.

2. A sarcasm by which one is put to silence; anything that can not be
answered. [Low] S. Richardson.

CHOKER
Chok"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, chokes.

2. A stiff wide cravat; a stock. [Slang]

CHOKE-STRAP
Choke"-strap`, n. (Saddlery)

Defn: A strap leading from the bellyband to the lower part of the
collar, to keep the collar in place.

CHOKING
Chok"ing, a.

1. That chokes; producing the feeling of strangulation.

2. Indistinct in utterance, as the voice of a person affected with
strong emotion.

CHOKING COIL
Choking coil. (Elec.)

Defn: A coil of small resistance and large inductance, used in an
alternating-current circuit to impede or throttle the current, or to
change its phase; --called also reactance coil or reactor, these
terms being now preferred in engineering usage.

CHOKY; CHOKEY
Chok"y Chok"ey, a.

1. Tending to choke or suffocate, or having power to suffocate.

2. Inclined to choke, as a person affected with strong emotion. "A
deep and choky voice." Aytoun.
The allusion to his mother made Tom feel rather chokey. T. Hughes.

CHOLAEMAA
Cho*læ"ma*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A disease characterized by severe nervous symptoms, dependent
upon the presence of the constituents of the bile in the blood.

CHOLAGOGUE
Chol"a*gogue, a. Etym: [Gr. cholagogue.] (Med.)

Defn: Promoting the discharge of bile from the system.
 -- n.

Defn: An agent which promotes the discharge of bile from the system.

CHOLATE
Cho"late, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of cholic acid; as, sodium cholate.

CHOLECYSTIS
Chol`e*cys"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The gall bladder.

CHOLECYSTOTOMY
Chol`e*cys*tot"o*my, n. Etym: [Cholecystis + Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of making an opening in the gall bladder, as for
the removal of a gallstone.

CHOLEDOLOGY
Chol`e*dol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy. Cf. F. cholédologie.] (Med.)

Defn: A treatise on the bile and bilary organs. Dunglison.

Note: Littré says that the word cholédologie is absolutely barbarous,
there being no Greek word cholology.

CHOLEIC
Cho*le"ic, a. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, bile; as, choleic acid.

CHOLER
Chol"er, n. Etym: [OE. coler, F. colère anger, L. cholera a bilious
complaint, fr. Gr. Gall, and cf. Cholera.]

1. The bile; -- formerly supposed to be the seat and cause of
irascibility. [Obs.]
His [Richard Hooker's] complexion . . . was sanguine, with a mixture
of choler; and yet his motion was slow. I. Warton.

2. Irritation of the passions; anger; wrath.
He is rash and very sudden in choler. Shak.

CHOLERA
Chol"er*a, n. Etym: [L., a bilious disease. See Choler.] (Med.)

Defn: One of several diseases affecting the digestive and intestinal
tract and more or less dangerous to life, esp. the one commonly
called Asiatic cholera. Asiatic cholera, a malignant and rapidly
fatal disease, originating in Asia and frequently epidemic in the
more filthy sections of other lands, to which the germ or specific
poison may have been carried. It is characterized by diarrhea, rice-
water evacuations, vomiting, cramps, pinched expression, and
lividity, rapidly passing into a state of collapse, followed by
death, or by a stage of reaction of fever.
 -- Cholera bacillus. See Comma bacillus.
 -- Cholera infantum, a dangerous summer disease, of infants, caused
by hot weather, bad air, or poor milk, and especially fatal in large
cities.
 -- Cholera morbus, a disease characterized by vomiting and purging,
with gripings and cramps, usually caused by imprudence in diet or by
gastrointestinal disturbance.
 -- Chicken cholera. See under Chicken.
 -- Hog cholera. See under Hog.
 -- Sporadic cholera, a disease somewhat resembling the Asiatic
cholera, but originating where it occurs, and rarely becoming
epidemic.

CHOLERAIC
Chol`er*a"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to, or resulting from, or resembling, cholera.

CHOLERIC
Chol"er*ic, a. Etym: [L. cholericus, Gr. cholérique.]

1. Abounding with, or producing choler, or bile. Dryden.

2. Easily irritated; irascible; inclined to anger.

3. Angry; indicating anger; excited by anger. "Choleric speech." Sir
W. Raleigh. Choleric temperament, the bilious temperament.

CHOLERICLY
Chol"er*ic*ly, adv.

Defn: In a choleric manner; angrily.

CHOLERIFORM
Chol"er*i*form`, a. Etym: [Cholera + -form.]

Defn: Resembling cholera.

CHOLERINE
Chol"er*ine, n. (Med.)
(a) The precursory symptoms of cholera.
(b) The first stage of epidemic cholera.
(c) A mild form of cholera.

CHOLEROID
Chol"er*oid, a. Etym: [Cholera + -oid.]

Defn: Choleriform.

CHOLESTERIC
Cho`les*ter"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. cholestérique.]

Defn: Pertaining to cholesterin, or obtained from it; as, cholesteric
acid. Ure.

CHOLESTERIN
Cho*les"ter*in, n. Etym: [Gr. cholestérine. See Stearin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, fatty, crystalline substance, tasteless and odorless,
found in animal and plant products and tissue, and especially in
nerve tissue, in the bile, and in gallstones.

CHOLIAMB; CHOLIAMBIC
Cho"li*amb, Cho`li*am"bic, n. Etym: [L. choliambus, Gr. (Pros.)

Defn: A verse having an iambus in the fifth place, and a spondee in
the sixth or last.

CHOLIC; CHOLINIC
Chol"ic, Cho*lin"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, the bile. Cholic acid (Chem.),
a complex organic acid found as a natural constituent of taurocholic
and glycocholic acids in the bile, and extracted as a resinous
substance, convertible under the influence of ether into white
crystals.

CHOLINE
Cho"line, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: See Neurine.

CHOLOCHROME
Chol"o*chrome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: See Bilirubin.

CHOLOPHAEIN
Chol`o*phæ"in, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: See Bilirubin.

CHOLTRY
Chol"try, n.

Defn: A Hindoo caravansary.

CHOMAGE
Cho`mage", n. [F. chomage.]

1.

Defn: Stoppage; cessation (of labor).

2.  A standing still or idle (of mills, factories, etc.).

CHOMP
Chomp, v. i.

Defn: To chew loudly and greedily; to champ. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.
S.] Halliwell.

CHONDRIFICATION
Chon`dri*fi*ca"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: Formation of, or conversion into, cartilage.

CHONDRIFY
Chon"dri*fy, v. t. & i. Etym: [Gr. -fy.]

Defn: To convert, or be converted, into cartilage.

CHONDRIGEN
Chon"dri*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The chemical basis of cartilage, converted by long boiling in
water into a gelatinous body called chondrin.

CHONDRIGENOUS
Chon*drig"e*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. -genous.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Affording chondrin.

CHONDRIN
Chon"drin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, amorphous, nitrogenous substance, tasteless and
odorless, formed from cartilaginous tissue by long-continued action
of boiling water. It is similar to gelatin, and is a large ingredient
of commercial gelatin.

CHONDRITE
Chon"drite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A meteoric stone characterized by the presence of chondrules.

CHONDRITIC
Chon*drit"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Granular; pertaining to, or having the granular structure
characteristic of, the class of meteorites called chondrites.

CHONDRITIS
Chon*dri"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammation of cartilage.

CHONDRO-
Chon"dro-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form meaning a grain, granular, granular cartilage,
cartilaginous; as, the chondrocranium, the cartilaginous skull of the
lower vertebrates and of embryos.

CHONDRODITE
Chon"dro*dite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A fluosilicate of magnesia and iron, yellow to red in color,
often occurring in granular form in a crystalline limestone.

CHONDROGANOIDEA
Chon`dro*ga*noi"de*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. ganoidei. See Ganoid.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of ganoid fishes, including the sturgeons; -- so
called on account of their cartilaginous skeleton.

CHONDROGEN
Chon"dro*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Same as Chondrigen.

CHONDROGENESIS
Chon`dro*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. genesis.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The development of cartilage.

CHONDROID
Chon"droid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resembling cartilage.

CHONDROLOGY
Chon*drol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. chondrologie.] (Anat.)

Defn: The science which treats of cartilages. Dunglison.

CHONDROMA
Chon*dro"ma, n.; pl. Chondromata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oma.]

Defn: A cartilaginous tumor or growth.

CHONDROMETER
Chon*drom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: A steelyard for weighting grain.

CHONDROPTERYGIAN
Chon*drop`ter*yg"i*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. chondropterygien.]

Defn: Having a cartilaginous skeleton.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Chondropterygii.

CHONDROPTERYGII
Chon*drop`te*ryg"i*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of fishes, characterized by cartilaginous fins and
skeleton. It includes both ganoids (sturgeons, etc.) and selachians
(sharks), but is now often restricted to the latter. [Written also
Chondropterygia.]

CHONDROSTEI
Chon*dros"te*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes, including the sturgeons; -- so named
because the skeleton is cartilaginous.

CHONDROTOMY
Chon*drot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The dissection of cartilages.

CHONDRULE
Chon"drule, n. Etym: [Dim. from Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A peculiar rounded granule of some mineral, usually enstatite
or chrysolite, found imdedded more or less aboundantly in the mass of
many meteoric stones, which are hence called chondrites.

CHOOSE
Choose, v. t. [imp. Chose; p. p. Chosen, Chose (Obs.); p. pr. & vb.
n. Choosing.] Etym: [OE. chesen, cheosen, AS. ceósan; akin to OS.
kiosan, D. kiezen, G. kiesen, Icel. kjosa, Goth. kiusan, L. gustare
to taste, Gr. jush to enjoy. *46. Cf. Choice, 2d Gust.]

1. To make choice of; to select; to take by way of preference from
two or more objects offered; to elect; as, to choose the least of two
evils.
Choose me for a humble friend. Pope.

2. To wish; to desire; to prefer. [Colloq.]
The landlady now returned to know if we did not choose a more genteel
apartment. Goldsmith.
To choose sides. See under Side.

Syn. - To select; prefer; elect; adopt; follow.
 -- To Choose, Prefer, Elect. To choose is the generic term, and
denotes to take or fix upon by an act of the will, especially in
accordance with a decision of the judgment. To prefer is to choose or
favor one thing as compared with, and more desirable than, another,
or more in accordance with one's tastes and feelings. To elect is to
choose or select for some office, employment, use, privilege, etc.,
especially by the concurrent vote or voice of a sufficient number of
electors. To choose a profession; to prefer private life to a public
one; to elect members of Congress.

CHOOSE
Choose, v. i.

1. To make a selection; to decide.
They had only to choose between implicit obedience and open
rebellion. Prescott.

2. To do otherwise. "Can I choose but smile" Pope. Can not choose
but, must necessarily.
Thou canst not choose but know who I am. Shak.

CHOOSER
Choos"er, n.

Defn: One who chooses; one who has the power or right of choosing; an
elector. Burke.

CHOP
Chop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chopped; p. pr. & vb. n. Chopping.] Etym:
[Cf. LG. & D. kappen, Dan. kappe, Sw. kappa. Cf. Chap to crack.]

1. To cut by striking repeatedly with a sharp instrument; to cut into
pieces; to mince; -- often with up.

2. To sever or separate by one more blows of a sharp instrument; to
divide; -- usually with off or down.
Chop off your hand, and it to the king. Shak.

3. To seize or devour greedily; -- with up. [Obs.]
Upon the opening of his mouth he drops his breakfast, which the fox
presently chopped up. L'estrange.

CHOP
Chop, v. i.

1. To make a quick strike, or repeated strokes, with an ax or other
sharp instrument.

2. To do something suddenly with an unexpected motion; to catch or
attempt to seize.
Out of greediness to get both, he chops at the shadow, and loses the
substance. L'Estrange.

3. To interrupt; -- with in or out.
This fellow interrupted the sermon, even suddenly chopping in.
Latimer.

CHOP
Chop, v. t. Etym: [Cf. D. koopen to buy. See Cheapen, v. t., and cf.
Chap, v. i., to buy.]

1. To barter or truck.

2. To exchange; substitute one thing for another.
We go on chopping and changing our friends. L'Estrange.
To chop logic, to dispute with an affected use of logical terms; to
argue sophistically.

CHOP
Chop, v. i.

1. To purchase by way of truck.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To vary or shift suddenly; as, the wind chops about.

3. To wrangle; to altercate; to bandy words.
Let not the counsel at the bar chop with the judge. Bacon.

CHOP
Chop, n.

Defn: A change; a vicissitude. Marryat.

CHOP
Chop, v. t. & i.

Defn: To crack. See Chap, v. t. & i.

CHOP
Chop, n.

1. The act of chopping; a stroke.

2. A piece chopped off; a slice or small piece, especially of meat;
as, a mutton chop.

3. A crack or cleft. See Chap.

CHOP
Chop, n. Etym: [See Chap.]

1. A jaw of an animal; -- commonly in the pl. See Chops.

2. A movable jaw or cheek, as of a wooden vise.

3. The land at each side of the mouth of a river, harbor, or channel;
as, East Chop or West Chop. See Chops.

CHOP
Chop, n. Etym: [Chin. & Hind. chap stamp, brand.]

1. Quality; brand; as, silk of the first chop.

2. A permit or clearance. Chop dollar, a silver dollar stamped to
attest its purity.
 -- chop of tea, a number of boxes of the same make and quality of
leaf.
 -- Chowchow chop. See under Chowchow.
 -- Grand chop, a ship's port clearance. S. W. Williams.

CHOPBOAT
Chop"boat`, n. Etym: [Chin. chop sort, quality.]

Defn: A licensed lighter employed in the transportation of goods to
and from vessels. [China] S. W. Williams.

CHOPCHURCH
Chop"church`, n. Etym: [See Chop to barter.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: An exchanger or an exchange of benefices. [Cant]

CHOPFALLEN
Chop`fall`en, a.

Defn: Having the lower chop or jaw depressed; hence, crestfallen;
dejected; dispirited;downcast. See Chapfallen.

CHOPHOUSE
Chop"house`, n.

Defn: A house where chops, etc., are sold; an eating house.
The freedom of a chophouse. W. Irving.

CHOPHOUSE
Chop"house`, n. Etym: [See Chop quality.]

Defn: A customhouse where transit duties are levied. [China] S. W.
Williams.

CHOPIN
Chop"in, n. Etym: [F. chopine, fr. G. schoppen.]

Defn: A liquid measure formerly used in France and Great Britain,
varying from half a pint to a wine quart.

CHOPIN
Chop"in, n.

Defn: See Chopine.

CHOPINE
Cho*pine", n. Etym: [Cf. OF. chapin, escapin, Sp. chapin, Pg.
chapim.]

Defn: A clog, or patten, having a very thick sole, or in some cases
raised upon a stilt to a height of a foot or more. [Variously spelt
chioppine, chopin, etc.]
Your ladyship is nearer to heaven than when I saw you last, by the
altitude of a chopine. Shak.

CHOP-LOGIC
Chop"-log`ic, n.

Defn: One who bandies words or is very argunentative. [Jocular] Shak.

CHOPNESS
Chop"ness, n.

Defn: A kind of spade. [Eng.]

CHOPPER
Chop"per, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, chops.

CHOPPING
Chop"ping, a. Etym: [Cf. Chubby.]

Defn: Stout or plump; large. [Obs.] Fenton.

CHOPPING
Chop"ping, a. Etym: [See Chop to barter.]

Defn: Shifting or changing suddenly, as the wind; also, having
tumbling waves dashing against each other; as, a chopping sea.

CHOPPING
Chop"ping, n.

Defn: Act of cutting by strokes. Chopping block, a solid block of
wood on which butchers and others chop meat, etc.
 -- Chopping knife, a knife for chopping or mincing meat, vegetables,
etc.; -- usually with a handle at the back of the blade instead of at
the end.

CHOPPY
Chop"py, a. Etym: [Cf. Chappy.]

1. Full of cracks. "Choppy finger." Shak.

2. Etym: [Cf. Chop a change.]

Defn: Rough, with short, tumultuous waves; as, a choppy sea.

CHOPS
Chops, n. pl. Etym: [See Chop a jaw.]

1. The jaws; also, the fleshy parts about the mouth.

2. The sides or capes at the mouth of a river, channel, harbor, or
bay; as, the chops of the English Channel.

CHOPSTICK
Chop"stick", n.

Defn: One of two small sticks of wood, ivory, etc., used by the
Chinese and Japanese to convey food to the mouth.

CHOP SUEY; CHOP SOOY
Chop su"ey or Chop soo"y . [Chin. (Cantonese) shap sui odds and ends,
fr. shap for sap to enter the mouth + sui small bits pounded fine.]

Defn: A mélange served in Chinese restaurants to be eaten with rice,
noodles, etc. It consists typically of bean sprouts, onions,
mushrooms, etc., and sliced meats, fried and flavored with sesame
oil. [U. S.]

CHORAGIC
Cho*rag"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a choragus. Choragic monument, a building
or column built by a victorious choragus for the reception and
exhibition of the tripod which he received as a prize. Those of
Lysicrates and Thrasyllus are still to be seen at Athens.

CHORAGUS
Cho*ra"gus, n.; pl. Choragi. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A chorus leader; esp. one who provided at his own expense and
under his own supervision one of the choruses for the musical
contents at Athens.

CHORAL
Cho"ral, a. Etym: [LL. choralis, fr. L. chorus. See Chorus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a choir or chorus; singing, sung, or
adapted to be sung, in chorus or harmony. Choral service, a service
of song.

CHORAL
Cho"ral, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A hymn tune; a simple sacred tune, sung in unison by the
congregation; as, the Lutheran chorals. [Sometimes written chorale.]

CHORALIST
Cho"ral*ist, n.

Defn: A singer or composer of chorals.

CHORALLY
Cho"ral*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a chorus; adapted to be sung by a choir; in
harmony.

CHORD
Chord, n. Etym: [L chorda a gut, a string made of a gut, Gr. cord.
See Cord.]

1. The string of a musical instrument. Milton.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A combination of tones simultaneously performed, producing more
or less perfect harmony, as, the common chord.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: A right line uniting the extremities of the arc of a circle or
curve.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: A cord. See Cord, n., 4.

5. (Engin.)

Defn: The upper or lower part of a truss, usually horizontal,
resisting compression or tension. Waddell. Accidental, Common, and
Vocal chords. See under Accidental, Common, and Vocal.
 -- Chord of an arch. See Illust. of Arch.
 -- Chord of curvature, a chord drawn from any point of a curve, in
the circle of curvature for that point.
 -- Scale of chords. See Scale.

CHORD
Chord, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chorded; p. pr. & vb. n. Chording.]

Defn: To provide with musical chords or strings; to string; to tune.
When Jubal struck the chorded shell. Dryden.
Even the solitary old pine tree chords his harp. Beecher.

CHORD
Chord, v. i. (Mus.)

Defn: To accord; to harmonize together; as, this note chords with
that.

CHORDA
Chor"da, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. chorda. See Chord.] (Anat.)

Defn: A cord. Chorda dorsalis (. Etym: [NL., lit., cord of the back.]
(Anat.) See Notochord.

CHORDAL
Chor"dal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a chord.

CHORDATA
Chor*da"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. chorda cord.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A comprehensive division of animals including all Vertebrata
together with the Tunicata, or all those having a dorsal nervous
cord.

CHORDEE
Chor*dee", n. Etym: [F. cordé, cordée, p. p. of corder to cord.]
(Med.)

Defn: A painful erection of the penis, usually with downward
curvature, occurring in gonorrhea.

CHORE
Chore, n. Etym: [The same word as char work done by the day.]

Defn: A small job; in the pl., the regular or daily light work of a
household or farm, either within or without doors. [U. S.]

CHORE
Chore, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chored; p. pr. & vb. n. Choring.]

Defn: To do chores. [U. S.]

CHORE
Chore, n.

Defn: A choir or chorus. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

CHOREA
Cho*re"a. n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: St. Vitus's dance; a disease attended with convulsive
twitchings and other involuntary movements of the muscles or limbs.

CHOREE
Cho*ree", n. Etym: [F. chorée.]

Defn: See Choreus.

CHOREGRAPHIC; CHOREGRAPHICAL
Cho`re*graph"ic, Cho`re*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to choregraphy.

CHOREGRAPHY
Cho*reg"ra*phy, n. Etym: [GR. -graphy.]

Defn: The art of representing dancing by signs, as music is
represented by notes. Craig.

CHOREIC
Cho*re"ic, a.

Defn: Of the nature of, or pertaining to, chorea; convulsive.

CHOREPISCOPAL
Cho`re*pis"co*pal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a chorepiscopus or his change or authority.

CHOREPISCOPUS
Cho`re*pis"co*pus, n.; pl. Chorepiscopi. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Bishop.]
(Eccl.)

Defn: A "country" or suffragan bishop, appointed in the ancient
church by a diocesan bishop to exercise episcopal jurisdiction in a
rural district.

CHOREUS; CHOREE
Cho*re"us, Cho*ree" (, n. Etym: [L. choreus, Gr. chorée.] (Anc.
Pros.)
(a) a trochee.
(b) A tribrach.

CHORIAMB
Cho"ri*amb, n.; pl. Choriambs (.

Defn: Same as Choriambus.

CHORIAMBIC
Cho`ri*am"bic, a. Etym: [L. choriambicus, gr.

Defn: Pertaining to a choriamb.
 -- n.

Defn: A choriamb.

CHORIAMBUS
Cho`ri*am"bus, n.; pl. L. Choriambi, E. Choriambuses. Etym: [L.
choriambus, Gr. (Anc. Pros.)

Defn: A foot consisting of four syllables, of which the first and
last are long, and the other short (- ~ ~ -); that is, a choreus, or
trochee, and an iambus united.

CHORIC
Cho"ric, a. Etym: [L. choricus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a chorus.
I remember a choric ode in the Hecuba. Coleridge.

CHORION
Cho"ri*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.)
(a) The outer membrane which invests the fetus in the womb; also, the
similar membrane investing many ova at certain stages of development.
(b) The true skin, or cutis.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The outer membrane of seeds of plants.

CHORISIS
Cho"ri*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The separation of a leaf or floral organ into two more parts.

Note: In collateral chorisis the parts are side by side.
 -- In parallel or median chorisis they are one in front of another.

CHORIST
Cho"rist, n. Etym: [F. choriste.]

Defn: A singer in a choir; a chorister. [R.]

CHORISTER
Chor"is*ter, n. Etym: [See Chorus.]

1. One of a choir; a singer in a chorus. Dryden.

2. One who leads a choir in church music. [U. S.]

CHORISTIC
Cho*ris"tic, a.

Defn: Choric; choral. [R.]

CHOROGRAPH
Cho"ro*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for constructing triangles in marine surveying,
etc.

CHOROGRAPHER
Cho*rog"ra*pher, n.

1. One who describes or makes a map of a district or region. "The
chorographers of Italy." Sir T. Browne.

2. A geographical antiquary; one who investigates the locality of
ancient places.

CHOROGRAPHICAL
Cho`ro*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to chorography.
 -- Cho`ro*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

CHOROGRAPHY
Cho*rog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [L. chorographia, Gr.

Defn: the mapping or description of a region or district.
The chorography of their provinces. Sir T. Browne.

CHOROID
Cho"roid, a. Etym: [gr. (Anat.)

Defn: resembling the chorion; as, the choroid plexuses of the
ventricles of the brain, and the choroid coat of the eyeball.
 -- n.

Defn: The choroid coat of the eye. See Eye. Choroid plexus (Anat.),
one of the delicate fringelike processes, consisting almost entirely
of blood vessels, which project into the ventricles of the brain.

CHOROIDAL
Cho*roid"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the choroid coat.

CHOROLOGY
Cho*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Biol.)

Defn: The science which treats of the laws of distribution of living
organisms over the earth's surface as to latitude, altitude,
locality, etc.
Its distribution or chorology. Huxley.

CHOROMETRY
Cho*rom"e*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -metry.]

Defn: The art of surveying a region or district.

CHORTLE
Chor"tle, v. t. & i.  [imp. & p. p. Chortled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chor"tling.]

Defn: A word coined by Lewis Carroll (Charles L. Dodgson), and
usually explained as a combination of chuckle and snort. [Humorous]

O frabjous day ! Callooh ! Callay !
He chortled in his joy.
Lewis Carroll.

CHORUS
Cho"rus, n.; pl. Choruses. Etym: [L., a dance in a ring, a dance
accompanied with song; a chorus, a band of dancers and singers. Gr.
Choir.]

1. (Antiq.)

Defn: A band of singers and dancers.
The Grecian tragedy was at first nothing but a chorus of singers.
Dryden.

2. (Gr. Drama)

Defn: A company of persons supposed to behold what passed in the acts
of a tragedy, and to sing the sentiments which the events suggested
in couplets or verses between the acts; also, that which was thus
sung by the chorus.
What the lofty, grave tragedians taught In chorus or iambic. Milton.

3. An interpreter in a dumb show or play. [Obs.]

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A company of singers singing in concert.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: A composition of two or more parts, each of which is intended
to be sung by a number of voices.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: Parts of a song or hymn recurring at intervals, as at the end
of stanzas; also, a company of singers who join with the singer or
choir in singer or choir in singing such parts.

7. The simultaneous of a company in any noisy demonstration; as, a
Chorus of shouts and catcalls.

CHORUS
Cho"rus, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chorused; p. pr. & vb. n. Chorusing.]

Defn: To sing in chorus; to exclaim simultaneously. W. D. Howells.

CHOSE
Chose, n.; pl. Choses. Etym: [F., fr. L. causa cause, reason. See
Cause.] (Law)

Defn: A thing; personal property. Chose in action, a thing of which
one has not possession or actual enjoyment, but only a right to it,
or a right to demand it by action at law, and which does not exist at
the time in specie; a personal right to a thing not reduced to
possession, but recoverable by suit at law; as a right to recover
money due on a contract, or damages for a tort, which can not be
enforced against a reluctant party without suit.
 -- Chose in possession, a thing in possession, as distinguished from
a thing in action.
 -- Chose local, a thing annexed to a place, as a mill.
 -- Chose transitory, a thing which is movable. Cowell. Blount.

CHOSE
Chose,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Choose.

CHOSEN
Cho"sen, p. p. of Choose.

Defn: Selected from a number; picked out; choice.
Seven hundred chosen men left-handed. Judg. xx. 16.

CHOSEN
Cho"sen, n.

Defn: One who, or that which is the object of choice or special
favor.

CHOU
Chou, n.; pl. Choux (#). [F., fr. L. caulis stalk.]

1. A cabbage.

2.  A kind of light pastry, usually in the form of a small round
cake, and with a filling, as of jelly or cream.

3.  A bunch, knot, or rosette of ribbon or other material, used as an
ornament in women's dress.

CHOUAN
Chou"an, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: One of the royalist insurgents in western France (Brittany,
etc.), during and after the French revolution.

CHOUGH
Chough, n. Etym: [OE. choughe, kowe (and cf. OE. ca), fr. AS. ceó;
cf. also D. kauw, OHG. chaha; perh. akin to E. caw. *22. Cf. Caddow.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the Crow family (Fregilus graculus) of Europe. It is
of a black color, with a long, slender, curved bill and red legs; --
also called chauk, chauk-daw, chocard, Cornish chough, red-legged
crow. The name is also applied to several allied birds, as the Alpine
chough. Cornish chough (Her.), a bird represented black, with red
feet, and beak; -- called also aylet and sea swallow.

CHOUICHA
Chou"i*cha, n. Etym: [Native name] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The salmon of the Columbia River or California. See Quinnat.

CHOUKA
Chou"ka, n. Etym: [Native name] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Indian four-horned antelope; the chikara.

CHOULE
Choule, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Jowl. Sir W. Scott.

CHOULTRY
Choul"try, n.

Defn: See Choltry.

CHOUSE
Chouse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Choused; p. pr. & vb. n. Chousing.] Etym:
[From Turk. cha\'d4sh a messenger or interpreter, one of whom,
attached to the Turkish embassy, in 1609 cheated the Turkish
merchants resident in England out of £4,000.]

Defn: To cheat, trick, defraud; -- followed by of, or out of; as, to
chouse one out of his money. [Colloq.]
The undertaker of the afore-cited poesy hath choused your highness.
Landor.

CHOUSE
Chouse, n.

1. One who is easily cheated; a tool; a simpleton; a gull. Hudibras.

2. A trick; sham; imposition. Johnson.

3. A swindler. B. Jonson.

CHOUT
Chout, n. Etym: [Mahratta chauth one fourth part.]

Defn: An assessment equal to a fourth part of the revenue. [India] J.
Mill.

CHOW
Chow, n. [Chin chou.]

Defn: A prefecture or district of the second rank in China, or the
chief city of such a district; -- often part of the name of a city,
as in Foochow.

CHOWCHOW
Chow"chow`, a. Etym: [Chin.]

Defn: Consisting of several kinds mingled together; mixed; as,
chowchow sweetmeats (preserved fruits put together).

Chowchow chop, the last lighter containing the small sundry packages
sent off to fill up a ship. S. W. Williams.

CHOWCHOW
Chow"chow`, n. (Com.)

Defn: A kind of mixed pickles.

CHOWDER
Chow"der, n. Etym: [F. chaudière a kettle, a pot. Cf. Caldron.]

1. (Cookery)

Defn: A dish made of fresh fish or clams, biscuit, onions, etc.,
stewed together.

2. A seller of fish. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Chowder beer, a liquor
made by boiling black spruce in water and mixing molasses with the
decoction.

CHOWDER
Chow"der, v. t.

Defn: To make a chowder of.

CHOWRY
Chow"ry, n. Etym: [Hind. chaunri.]

Defn: A whisk to keep off files, used in the East Indies. Malcom.

CHOWTER
Chow"ter, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OE. chowre, and Prov. E. chow, to
grumble.]

Defn: To grumble or mutter like a froward child. [Obs.] E. Phillips.

CHOY ROOT
Choy" root`.

Defn: See Chay root.

CHREMATISTICS
Chre`ma*tis"tics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science of wealth; the science, or a branch of the science,
of political economy.

CHREOTECHNICS
Chre`o*tech"nics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science of the useful arts, esp. agriculture, manufactures,
and commerce. [R.]

CHRESTOMATHIC
Chres`to*math"ic, a.

Defn: Teaching what is useful. "A chrestomathic school." Southey.

CHRESTOMATHY
Chres*tom"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A selection of passages, with notes, etc., to be used in
acquiring a language; as, a Hebrew chrestomathy.

CHRISM
Chrism, n. Etym: [OE. crisme, from AS. crisma; also OE. creme, fr.
OF. cresme, like the AS. word fr. LL. chrisma, fr. Gr. friare,
fricare, to rub, Skr. gharsh, E. friable, friction. Cf. Chrisom.]
(Gr. & R. C. Church

1. Olive oil mixed with balm and spices, consecrated by the bishop on
Maundy Thursday, and used in the administration of baptism,
confirmation, ordination, etc.

2. The same as Chrisom.

CHRISMAL
Chris"mal, a. Etym: [LL. chrismalis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to or used in chrism.

CHRISMATION
Chris*ma"tion, n. Etym: [LL. chrismatio.]

Defn: The act of applying the chrism, or consecrated oil.
Chrismation or cross-signing with ointment, was used in baptism. Jer.
Taylor.

CHRISMATORY
Chris"ma*to*ry, n. Etym: [LL. chrismatorium.]

Defn: A cruet or vessel in which chrism is kept.

CHRISOM
Chris"om, n. Etym: [See Chrism.]

1. A white cloth, anointed with chrism, or a white mantle thrown over
a child when baptized or christened. [Obs.]

2. A child which died within a month after its baptism; -- so called
from the chrisom cloth which was used as a shroud for it. [Obs.]
Blount.

CHRIST
Christ, n. Etym: [L. Christus, Gr. chri`ein to anoint. See Chrism.]

Defn: The Anointed; an appellation given to Jesus, the Savior. It is
synonymous with the Hebrew Messiah.

CHRISTCROSS
Christ"cross`, n.

1. The mark of the cross, as cut, painted, written, or stamped on
certain objects, -- sometimes as the sign of 12 o'clock on a dial.
The fescue of the dial is upon the christcross of noon. Old Play.
Nares.

2. The beginning and the ending. [Obs.] Quarles.

CHRISTCROSS-ROW
Christ"cross-row`,

Defn: The alphabet; -- formerly so called, either from the cross
usually set before it, or from a superstitious custom, sometimes
practiced, of writing it in the form of a cross, by way of a charm.
From infant conning of the Christcross-row. Wordsworth.

CHRISTEN
Chris"ten, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Christened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Christening.] Etym: [AS. cristnian to make a Christian, fr. cristen a
Christian.]

1. To baptize and give a Christian name to.

2. To give a name; to denominate. "Christen the thing what you will."
Bp. Burnet.

3. To Christianize. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

4. To use for the first time. [Colloq.]

CHRISTENDOM
Chris"ten*dom, n. Etym: [AS. cristend; cristen a Christian + -dom.]

1. The profession of faith in Christ by baptism; hence, the Christian
religion, or the adoption of it. [Obs.] Shak.

2. The name received at baptism; or, more generally, any name or
appelation. [Obs.]
Pretty, fond, adoptious christendoms. Shak.

3. That portion of the world in which Christianity prevails, or which
is governed under Christian institutions, in distinction from heathen
or Mohammedan lands.
The Arian doctrine which then divided Christendom. Milton
A wide and still widening Christendom. Coleridge.

4. The whole body of Christians. Hooker.

CHRISTIAN
Chris"tian, n. Etym: [L. christianus, Gr. cristen. See Christ.]

1. One who believes, or professes or is assumed to believe, in Jesus
Christ, and the truth as taught by Him; especially, one whose inward
and outward life is conformed to the doctrines of Christ.
The disciples were called Christians first in Antioch. Acts xi. 26.

2. One born in a Christian country or of Christian parents, and who
has not definitely becomes an adherent of an opposing system.

3. (Eccl.)
(a) One of a Christian denomination which rejects human creeds as
bases of fellowship, and sectarian names. They are congregational in
church government, and baptize by immersion. They are also called
Disciples of Christ, and Campbellites.
(b) One of a sect (called Christian Connection) of open-communion
immersionists. The Bible is their only authoritative rule of faith
and practice.

Note: In this sense, often pronounced, but not by the members of the
sects, kris"chan.

CHRISTIAN
Chris"tian, a.

1. Pertaining to Christ or his religion; as, Christian people.

3. Pertaining to the church; ecclesiastical; as, a Christian court.
Blackstone.

4. Characteristic of Christian people; civilized; kind; kindly;
gentle; beneficent.
The graceful tact; the Christian art. Tennyson.
Christian Commission. See under Commission.
 -- Christian court. Same as Ecclesiastical court.
 -- Christian era, the present era, commencing with the birth of
Christ. It is supposed that owing to an error of a monk (Dionysius
Exiguus, d. about 556) employed to calculate the era, its
commencement was fixed three or four years too late, so that 1890
should be 1893 or 1894.
 -- Christian name, the name given in baptism, as distinct from the
family name, or surname.

CHRISTIAN ERA
Christian Era.

Defn: The era in use in all Christian countries, which was intended
to commence with the birth of Christ. The era as now established was
first used by Dionysius Exiguus (died about 540), who placed the
birth of Christ on the 25th of December in the year of Rome 754,
which year he counted as 1 a. d. This date for Christ's birth is now
generally thought to be about four years too late.

CHRISTIANISM
Chris`tian*ism, n. Etym: [L. christianismus, Gr. christianisme.]

1. The Christian religion. [Obs.] Milton.

2. The Christian world; Christendom. [Obs.] Johnson

CHRISTIANITE
Chris"tian*ite, n. Etym: [In sense (a) named after Christian
Frederic, of Denmark; in sense (b) after Christian VII., of Denmark.]
(Min.)
(a) Same as Anorthite. [R.]
(b) See Phillipsite.

CHRISTIANITY
Chris*tian"i*ty, n. Etym: [OE. cristiente, OF. cristienté, F.
chrétienté, fr. L. christianitas. ]

1. The religion of Christians; the system of doctrines and precepts
taught by Christ.

2. Practical conformity of one's inward and outward life to the
spirit of the Christian religion

3. The body of Christian believers. [Obs.]
To Walys fled the christianitee Of olde Britons. Chaucer.

CHRISTIANIZATION
Chris`tian*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of converting or being converted to a true
Christianity.

CHRISTIANIZE
Chris"tian*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Christianized (; p. pr. vb. n.
Christianizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. christianiser, L. christianizare, fr.
Gr.

1. To make Christian; to convert to Christianity; as, to Christianize
pagans.

2. To imbue with or adapt to Christian principles.
Christianized philosophers. I. Taylor.

CHRISTIANIZE
Chris"tian*ize, v. i.

Defn: To adopt the character or belief of a Christian; to become
Christian.
The pagans began to Christianize. Latham.

CHRISTIANLIKE
Chris"tian*like`, a.

Defn: Becoming to a Christian.
A virtuous and a Christianlike conclusion. Shak.

CHRISTIANLY
Chris"tian*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner becoming the principles of the Christian religion.
Sufferings . . . patiently and Christianly borne. Sharp.

CHRISTIANLY
Chris"tian*ly, a.

Defn: Christianlike. Longfellow.

CHRISTIANNESS
Chris"tian*ness, n.

Defn: Consonance with the doctrines of Christianity. [Obs.] Hammond.

CHRISTIAN SCIENCE
Christian Science.

Defn: A system of healing disease of mind and body which teaches that
all cause and effect is mental, and that sin, sickness, and death
will be destroyed by a full understanding of the Divine Principle of
Jesus' teaching and healing. The system was founded by Rev. Mary
Baker Glover Eddy, of Concord, N. H., in 1866, and bases its teaching
on the Scriptures as understood by its adherents.

CHRISTIAN SCIENTIST
Christian Scientist.

Defn: A believer in Christian Science; one who practices its
teachings.

CHRISTIAN SENECA
Christian Seneca.

Defn: Joseph Hall (1574 -- 1656), Bishop of Norwich, a divine eminent
as a moralist.

CHRISTIAN SOCIALISM
Christian Socialism.

Defn: Any theory or system that aims to combine the teachings of
Christ with the teachings of socialism in their applications to life;
Christianized socialism; esp., the principles of this nature
advocated by F. D. Maurice, Charles Kingsley, and others in England
about 1850. -- Christian socialist.

CHRISTLESS
Christ"less, a.

Defn: Without faith in Christ; unchristian. Tennyson.

CHRISTLIKE
Christ"like`, a.

Defn: Resembling Christ in character, actions, etc.
 -- Christ"like`ness, n.

CHRISTLY
Christ"ly, a.

Defn: Christlike. H. Bushnell.

CHRISTMAS
Christ"mas, n. Etym: [Christ + mass.]

Defn: An annual church festival (December 25) and in some States a
legal holiday, in memory of the birth of Christ, often celebrated by
a particular church service, and also by special gifts, greetings,
and hospitality. Christmas box. (a) A box in which presents are
deposited at Christmas. (b) A present or small gratuity given to
young people and servants at Christmas; a Christmas gift.
 -- Christmas carol, a carol sung at, or suitable for, Christmas.
 -- Christmas day. Same as Christmas.
 -- Christmas eve, the evening before Christmas.
 -- Christmas fern (Bot.), an evergreen North American fern (Aspidium
acrostichoides), which is much used for decoration in winter.
 -- Christmas flower, Christmas rose, the black hellebore, a
poisonous plant of the buttercup family, which in Southern Europe
often produces beautiful roselike flowers midwinter.
 -- Christmas tree, a small evergreen tree, set up indoors, to be
decorated with bonbons, presents, etc., and illuminated on Christmas
eve.

CHRISTMASTIDE
Christ"mas*tide`, n. Etym: [Christmas + tide time.]

Defn: The season of Christmas.

CHRISTOCENTRIC
Chris"to*cen"tric, a. Etym: [Christ + centric.]

Defn: Making Christ the center, about whom all things are grouped, as
in religion or history; tending toward Christ, as the central object
of thought or emotion. J. W. Chadwick.

CHRISTOLOGY
Chris*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Crist + -logy.]

Defn: A treatise on Christ; that department of theology which treats
of the personality, attributes, or life of Christ.

CHRISTOM
Chris"tom, n.

Defn: See Chrisom. [Obs.] Shak.

CHRISTOPHANY
Chris*toph"a*ny, n. Etym: [Christ + Gr.

Defn: An appearance of Christ, as to his disciples after the
crucifixion.

CHRIST'S-THORN
Christ's-thorn`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: One of several prickly or thorny shrubs found in Palestine,
especially the Paliurus aculeatus, Zizyphus Spina-Christi, and Z.
vulgaris. The last bears the fruit called jujube, and may be
considered to have been the most readily obtainable for the Crown of
Thorns.

CHROMASCOPE
Chro"ma*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: An instrument for showing the optical effects of color.

CHROMATE
Chro"mate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chromate. See Chrome.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of chromic acid.

CHROMATIC
Chro*mat"ic, a. Etym: [L. chromaticus, Gr.

1. Relating to color, or to colors.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Proceeding by the smaller intervals (half steps or semitones)
of the scale, instead of the regular intervals of the diatonic scale.

Note: The intermediate tones were formerly written and printed in
colors. Chromatic aberration. (Opt.) See Aberration, 4.
 -- Chromatic printing, printing from type or blocks covered with
inks of various colors.
 -- Chromatic scale (Mus.), the scale consisting of thirteen tones,
including the eight scale tones and the five intermediate tones.

CHROMATICAL
Chro*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Chromatic. [Obs.]

CHROMATICALLY
Chro*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a chromatic manner.

CHROMATICS
Chro*mat"ics, n.

Defn: The science of colors; that part of optics which treats of the
properties of colors.

CHROMATIN
Chro"ma*tin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Tissue which is capable of being stained by dyes.

CHROMATISM
Chro"ma*tism, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Optics)

Defn: The state of being colored, as in the case of images formed by
a lens.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: An abnormal coloring of plants.

CHROMATOGENOUS
Chro`ma*tog"e*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. -genous.]

Defn: Producing color.

CHROMATOGRAPHY
Chro`ma*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A treatise on colors

CHROMATOLOGY
Chro`ma*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A treatise on colors.

CHROMATOPHORE
Chro"ma*to*phore`, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A contractile cell or vesicle containing liquid pigment and
capable of changing its form or size, thus causing changes of color
in the translucent skin of such animals as possess them. They are
highly developed and numerous in the cephalopods.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the granules of protoplasm, which in mass give color to
the part of the plant containing them.

CHROMATOSCOPE
Chro"ma*to*scope`, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Astron.)

Defn: A reflecting telescope, part of which is made to rotate
eccentrically, so as to produce a ringlike image of a star, instead
of a point; -- used in studying the scintillation of the stars.

CHROMATOSPHERE
Chro"ma*to*sphere`, n.

Defn: A chromosphere. [R.]

CHROMATROPE
Chro"ma*trope, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for exhibiting certain chromatic effects of light
(depending upon the persistence of vision and mixture of colors) by
means of rapidly rotating disks variously colored.

2. A device in a magic lantern or stereopticon to produce
kaleidoscopic effects.

CHROMATYPE
Chro"ma*type, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Photog.)

Defn: A colored photographic picture taken upon paper made sensitive
with potassium bichromate or some other salt of chromium.

2. The process by which such picture is made.

CHROME
Chrome, n.

Defn: Same as Chromium. Chrome alum (Chem.), a dark violet substance,
(SO4)3Cr2.K2SO4.24H2O, analogous to, and crystallizing like, common
alum. It is regarded as a double sulphate of chromium and potassium.
 -- Chrome green (a) The green oxide of chromium, Cr2O3, used in
enamel painting, and glass staining. (b) A pigment made by mixing
chrome yellow with Prussian blue.
 -- Chrome red, a beautiful red pigment originally prepared from the
basic chromate of lead, but now made from red oxide of lead.
 -- Chrome yellow, a brilliant yellow pigment, PbCrO4, used by
painters.

CHROME STEEL
Chrome steel.

Defn: Same as Chromium steel, under Steel.

CHROMIC
Chro"mic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, chromium; -- said of the
compounds of chromium in which it has its higher valence. Chromic
acid, an acid, H2CrO4, analogous to sulphuric acid, not readily
obtained in the free state, but forming well known salts, many of
which are colored pigments, as chrome yellow, chrome red, etc.
 -- Chromic anhydride, a brilliant red crystalline substance, CrO3,
regarded as the anhydride of chromic acid. It is one of the most
powerful oxidizers known.

CHROMID
Chro"mid, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Chromidæ, a family of fresh-water fishes abundant in
the tropical parts of America and Africa. Some are valuable food
fishes, as the bulti of the Nile.

CHROMIDROSIS
Chro`mi*dro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Secretion of abnormally colored perspiration.

CHROMISM
Chro"mism, n.

Defn: Same as Chromatism.

CHROMITE
Chro"mite, n.

1. (Min.)

Defn: A black submetallic mineral consisting of oxide of chromium and
iron; -- called also chromic iron.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound or salt of chromous hydroxide regarded as an acid.
[R.]

CHROMIUM
Chro"mi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A comparatively rare element occurring most abundantly in the
mineral chromite. Atomic weight 52.5. Symbol Cr. When isolated it is
a hard, brittle, grayish white metal, fusible with difficulty. Its
chief commercial importance is for its compounds, as potassium
chromate, lead chromate, etc., which are brilliantly colored and are
used dyeing and calico printing. Called also chrome.

CHROMO
Chro"mo, n.; pl. Chromos. Etym: [Abbrev. from chromolithograph.]

Defn: A chromolithograph.

CHROMOBLAST
Chro"mo*blast, n. Etym: [Gr. -blast.]

Defn: An embryonic cell which develops into a pigment cell.

CHROMOGEN
Chro"mo*gen, Etym: [Gr. -gen.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Vegetable coloring matter other than green; chromule.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Any colored compound, supposed to contain one or more
chromophores.

CHROMOGENIC
Chro"mo*gen"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Containing, or capable of forming, chromogen; as, chromogenic
bacteria.

CHROMOGRAPH
Chro"mo*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: An apparatus by which a number of copies of written matter,
maps, plans, etc., can be made; -- called also hectograph.

CHROMOLEUCITE
Chro`mo*leu"cite, n. Etym: [Gr. leucite.] (Bot.)

Defn: A chromoplastid.

CHROMOLITHOGRAPH
Chro`mo*lith"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. lithograph.]

Defn: A picture printed in tints and colors by repeated impressions
from a series of stones prepared by the lithographic process.

CHROMOLITHOGRAPHER
Chro`mo*li*thog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who is engaged in chromolithography.

CHROMOLITHOGRAPHIC
Chro"mo*lith`o*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or made by, chromolithography.

CHROMOLITHOGRAPHY
Chro"mo*li*thog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: Lithography adapted to printing in inks of various colors.

CHROMOPHANE
Chro"mo*phane, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A general name for the several coloring matters, red, green,
yellow, etc., present in the inner segments in the cones of the
retina, held in solution by fats, and slowly decolorized by light;
distinct from the photochemical pigments of the rods of the retina.

CHROMOPHORE
Chro"mo*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Any chemical group or residue (as NO

CHROMOPHOTOGRAPH
Chro`mo*pho"to*graph, n. [Gr.  color + photograph.]

Defn: A picture made by any of the processes for reproducing
photographs in colors. --Chro`mo*pho`to*graph"ic (#), a.

CHROMOPHOTOGRAPHY
Chro`mo*pho*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. photography.]

Defn: The art of producing photographs in colors.

CHROMOPHOTOLITHOGRAPH
Chro"mo*pho`to*lith"o*graph, n.

Defn: A photolithograph printed in colors.

CHROMOPLASTID
Chro`mo*plas"tid, n. Etym: [Gr. plastid.] (Bot.)

Defn: A protoplasmic granule of some other color than green; -- also
called chromoleucite.

CHROMOSOME
Chro"mo*some`, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: One of the minute bodies into which the chromatin of the
nucleus is resolved during mitotic cell division; the idant of
Weismann.

CHROMOSPHERE
Chro"mo*sphere, n. Etym: [Gr. sphere.] (Astron.)

Defn: An atmosphere of rare matter, composed principally of
incandescent hydrogen gas, surrounding the sun and enveloping the
photosphere. Portions of the chromosphere are here and there thrown
up into enormous tongues of flame.

CHROMOSPHERIC
Chro`mo*spher"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the chromosphere.

CHROMOTYPE
Chro"mo*type, n. Etym: [Gr. -type.]

1. A sheet printed in colors by any process, as a chromolithograph.
See Chromolithograph.

2. A photographic picture in the natural colors.

CHROMOUS
Chro"mous, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, chromium, when this element
has a valence lower than that in chromic compounds. Chromous acid, a
bluish gray powder, CrO.OH, of weak acid properties and regard as an
acid.

CHROMULE
Chro"mule, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A general name for coloring matter of plants other than
chlorophyll, especially that of petals.

CHRONIC
Chron"ic, a. Etym: [L. chronicus, Gr. chronique.]

1. Relating to time; according to time.

2. Continuing for a long time; lingering; habitual. Chronic disease,
one which is inveterate, of long continuance, or progresses slowly,
in distinction from an acute disease, which speedly terminates.

CHRONICAL
Chron"ic*al, a.

Defn: Chronic.
Partly on a chronical, and partly on a topical method. J. A.
Alexander.

CHRONICLE
Chron"i*cle, n. Etym: [OE. cronicle, fr. cronique, OF. cronique, F.
chronique, L. chronica, fr. Gr. Chronic.]

1. An historical register or account of facts or events disposed in
the order of time.

2. A narrative of events; a history; a record.

3. pl.

Defn: The two canonical books of the Old Testament in which
immediately follow 2 Kings.

Syn. - Register; record; annals. See History.

CHRONICLE
Chron"i*cle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chronicled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chronicling.]

Defn: To record in a history or chronicle; to record; to register.
Shak.

CHRONICLER
Chron"i*cler, n.

Defn: A writer of a chronicle; a recorder of events in the order of
time; an historian.
Such an honest chronicler as Griffith. Shak.

CHRONIQUE
Chro`nique", n. Etym: [F. See Chronicle.]

Defn: A chronicle. L. Addison.

CHRONOGRAM
Chron"o*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. chronogramme.]

1. An inscription in which certain numeral letters, made to appear
specially conspicuous, on being added together, express a particular
date or epoch, as in the motto of a medal struck by Gustavus Adolphus
in 1632: ChrIstVs DVX; ergo trIVMphVs. - the capitals of which give,
when added as numerals, the sum 1632.

2. The record or inscription made by a chronograph.

CHRONOGRAMMATIC; CHRONOGRAMMATICAL
Chron`o*gram*mat"ic, Chron`o*gram*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
chronogrammatique.]

Defn: Belonging to a chronogram, or containing one.

CHRONOGRAMMATIST
Chron`o*gram"ma*tist, n.

Defn: A writer of chronograms.

CHRONOGRAPH
Chron"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph: cf. F. chronographe.]

1. An instrument for measuring or recording intervals of time, upon a
revolving drum or strip of paper moved by clockwork. The action of
the stylus or pen is controlled by electricity.

2. Same as Chronogram, 1. [R.]

3. A chronoscope.

CHRONOGRAPHER
Chro*nog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who writes a chronography; a chronologer. Tooke.

CHRONOGRAPHIC
Chron`o*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a chronograph.

CHRONOGRAPHY
Chro*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. Chronograph.]

Defn: A description or record of past time; history. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

CHRONOLOGER
Chro*nol"o*ger, n.

Defn: Same as Chronologist.

CHRONOLOGIC; CHRONOLOGICAL
Chron`o*log"ic, Chron`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Relating to chronology; containing an account of events in the
order of time; according to the order of time; as, chronological
tables. Raleigh.
 -- Chron`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

CHRONOLOGIST; CHRONOLOGER
Chro*nol"o*gist, Chro*nol"o*ger, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A person who investigates dates of events and transactions; one
skilled in chronology.
That learned noise and dust of the chronologist is wholly to be
avoided. Locke.
THe most exact chronologers tell us that Christ was born in October,
and not in December. John Knox.

CHRONOLOGY
Chro*nol"o*gy, n.; pl. Chronologies. Etym: [Gr. chronologie.]

Defn: The science which treats of measuring time by regular divisions
or periods, and which assigns to events or transactions their proper
dates.
If history without chronology is dark and confused, chronology
without history is dry and insipid. A. Holmes.

CHRONOMETER
Chro*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. chronomètre.]

1. An instrument for measuring time; a timekeeper.

2. A portable timekeeper, with a heavy compensation balance, and
usually beating half seconds; -- intended to keep time with great
accuracy for use an astronomical observations, in determining
longitude, etc.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A metronome. Box chronometer. See under Box.
 -- Pocket chronometer, a chronometer in the form of a large watch.
 -- To rate a chronometer. See Rate, v. t.

CHRONOMETRIC; CHRONOMETRICAL
Chron`o*met"ric, Chron`o*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
chronométrique.]

Defn: Pertaining to a chronometer; measured by a chronometer.

CHRONOMETRY
Chro*nom"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chronométrie.]

Defn: The art of measuring time; the measuring of time by periods or
divisions.

CHRONOPHER
Chron"o*pher, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An instrument signaling the correct time to distant points by
electricity.

CHRONOPHOTOGRAPH
Chron`o*pho"to*graph, n. [Gr.  time + photograph.]

Defn: One of a set of photographs of a moving object, taken for the
purpose of recording and exhibiting successive phases of the motion.
--Chron`o*pho*tog"ra*phy, n.

CHRONOSCOPE
Chron"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring minute intervals of time; used in
determining the velocity of projectiles, the duration of short-lived
luminous phenomena, etc.

CHRYSALID
Chrys"a*lid, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a chrysalis; resembling a chrysalis.

CHRYSALID
Chrys"a*lid, n.; pl. Chrysalids.

Defn: See Chrysalis.

CHRYSALIS
Chrys"a*lis, n.; pl. Chrysalides. Etym: [L. chrysallis the gold-
colored pupa of butterflies, Gr. Aurelia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pupa state of certain insects, esp. of butterflies, from
which the perfect insect emerges. See Pupa, and Aurelia (a).

CHRYSANILINE
Chrys*an"i*line, n. Etym: [Gr. anilene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow substance obtained as a by-product in the manufacture
of rosaniline. It dyes silk a fine golden-yellow color.

CHRYSANTHEMUM
Chrys*an"the*mum, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of composite plants, mostly perennial, and of many
species including the many varieties of garden chrysanthemums (annual
and perennial), and also the feverfew and the oxeye daisy.

CHRYSAROBIN
Chrys`a*ro"bin, n. Etym: [Gr. araroba a foreign name of Goa powder +
-in.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter, yellow substance forming the essential constituent of
Goa powder, and yielding chrysophanic acid proper; hence formerly
called also chrysphanic acid.

CHRYSAURIN
Chrys*au"rin, n. Etym: [Gr. aurum gold. So called from its color.]

Defn: An orange-colored dyestuff, of artificial production.

CHRYSELEPHANTINE
Chrys`el*e*phan"tine, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Composed of, or adorned with, gold and ivory.

Note: The chryselephantine statues of the Greeks were built up with
inferior materials, veneered, as it were, with ivory for the flesh,
and gold decorated with color for the hair and garments.

CHRYSENE
Chry"sene, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: One of the higher aromatic hydrocarbons of coal tar, allied to
napthalene and anthracene. It is a white crystalline substance,
C18H12, of strong blue fluorescence, but generally colored yellow by
impurities.

CHRYSOBERYL
Chrys"o*ber`yl, n. Etym: [L. chrysoberyllus, Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral, found in crystals, of a yellow to green or brown
color, and consisting of aluminia and glucina. It is very hard, and
is often used as a gem.

CHRYSOCHLORE
Chrys"o*chlore, n. Etym: [Gr. chrysochlore.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South African mole of the genus Chrysochloris; the golden
mole, the fur of which reflects brilliant metallic hues of green and
gold.

CHRYSOCOLLA
Chrys"o*col`la, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous silicate of copper, occurring massive, of a blue or
greenish blue color.

CHRYSOGEN
Chrys"o*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance extracted from crude anthracene.

CHRYSOGRAPHY
Chry*sog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. The art of writing in letters of gold.

2. A writing executed in letters of gold.

CHRYSOIDINE
Chrys*o"ï*dine, n. Etym: [Gr. -oid + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An artificial, yellow, crystalline dye, C6H5N2.C6H3(NH2)2.
Also, one of a group of dyestuffs resembling chrysoïdine proper.

CHRYSOLITE
Chrys"o*lite, n. Etym: [L. chrysolithos, Gr. chrysolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral, composed of silica, magnesia, and iron, of a yellow
to green color. It is common in certain volcanic rocks; -- called
also olivine and peridot. Sometimes used as a gem. The name was also
early used for yellow varieties of tourmaline and topaz.

CHRYSOLOGY
Chry*sol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: That branch of political economy which relates to the
production of wealth.

CHRYSOPA
Chrys*o"pa, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of neuropterous insects. See Lacewing.

CHRYSOPHANE
Chrys"o*phane, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside extracted from rhubarb as a bitter, yellow,
crystalline powder, and yielding chrysophanic acid on decomposition.

CHRYSOPHANIC
Chrys`o*phan"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, or resembling, chrysophane.
Chrysophanic acid (Chem.), a yellow crystalline substance extracted
from rhubarb, yellow dock, sienna, chrysarobin, etc., and shown to be
a derivative of an anthracene. It is used in the treatment of skin
diseases; -- called also rhein, rheic acid, rhubarbarin, etc.

CHRYSOPRASE
Chrys"o*prase, n. Etym: [OE. crisopace, OF. crisoprace, F.
chrysoprase, L. chrysoprasus, fr. Gr. (Min.)

Defn: An apple-green variety of chalcedony, colored by nickel. It has
a dull flinty luster, and is sometimes used in jewelry.

CHRYSOPRASUS
Chry*sop"ra*sus, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Chrysoprase. Rev. xxi. 20.

CHRYSOSPERM
Chrys"o*sperm, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The seed of gold; a means of creating gold. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

CHRYSOTYPE
Chrys"o*type, n. Etym: [Gr. -type.]

1. A photographic picture taken upon paper prepared by the use of a
sensitive salt of iron and developed by the application of chloride
of gold. Abney.

2. 2process, invented by Sir J.Herschel.

CHTHONIAN
Chtho"ni*an, a. [Gr.  in or under the earth, fr. , , earth.]

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, gods or spirits of the
underworld; esp., relating to the underworld gods of the Greeks,
whose worship is widely considered as more primitive in form than
that of the Olympian gods. The characteristics of chthonian worship
are propitiatory and magical rites and generalized or euphemistic
names of the deities, which are supposed to have been primarily
ghosts.

CHTHONIC
Chthon"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the earth; earthy; as, chthonic religions.
[The] chthonic character of the wife of Zeus. Max Müller.

CHTHONOPHAGIA; CHTHONOPHAGY
Chthon`o*pha"gi*a, Chtho*noph"a*gy, n. Etym: [NL. chthonophagia; Gr.

Defn: A disease characterized by an irresistible desire to eat earth,
observed in some parts of the southern United States, the West
Indies, etc.

CHUB
Chub, n. Etym: [This word seems to signify a large or thick fish. Cf.
Sw. kubb a short and thick piece of wood, and perh. F. chabot chub.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A species to fresh-water fish of the Cyprinidæ or Carp family.
The common European species is Leuciscus cephalus; the cheven. In
America the name is applied to various fishes of the same family, of
the genera Semotilus, Squalius, Ceratichthys, etc., and locally to
several very different fishes, as the tautog, black bass, etc. Chub
mackerel (Zoöl.), a species of mackerel (Scomber colias) in some
years found in abundance on the Atlantic coast, but absent in others;
-- called also bull mackerel, thimble-eye, and big-eye mackerel.
 -- Chub sucker (Zoöl.), a fresh-water fish of the United States
(Erimyzon sucetta); -- called also creekfish.

CHUBBED
Chub"bed, a.

Defn: Chubby. [R.] H. Brooke.

CHUBBEDNESS
Chub"bed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being chubby.

CHUBBY
Chub"by, a.

Defn: Like a chub; plump, short, and thick. "Chubby faces." I.
Taylor.

CHUB-FACED
Chub"-faced`, a.

Defn: Having a plump, short face.

CHUCK
Chuck, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chucked; p. pr. & vb. n. Chucking.] Etym:
[Imitative of the sound.]

1. To make a noise resembling that of a hen when she calls her
chickens; to cluck.

2. To chuckle; to laugh. [R.] Marston.

CHUCK
Chuck, v. t.

Defn: To call, as a hen her chickens. Dryden.

CHUCK
Chuck, n.

1. The chuck or call of a hen.

2. A sudden, small noise.

3. A word of endearment; -- corrupted from chick. "Pray, chuck, come
hither." Shak.

CHUCK
Chuck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chucked; p. pr. & vb. n. Chucking.] Etym:
[F. choquer to strike. Cf. Shock, v. t.]

1. To strike gently; to give a gentle blow to.
Chucked the barmaid under the chin. W. Irving.

2. To toss or throw smartly out of the hand; to pitch. [Colloq.]
"Mahomet Ali will just be chucked into the Nile." Lord Palmerson.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: To place in a chuck, or hold by means of a chuck, as in
turning; to bore or turn (a hole) in a revolving piece held in a
chuck.

CHUCK
Chuck, n.

1. A slight blow or pat under the chin.

2. A short throw; a toss.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: A contrivance or machine fixed to the mandrel of a lathe, for
holding a tool or the material to be operated upon.

Chuck farthing, a play in which a farthing is pitched into a hole;
pitch farthing.
 -- Chuck hole, a deep hole in a wagon rut.
 -- Elliptic chuck, a chuck having a silder and an eccentric circle,
which, as the work turns round, give it a sliding motion across the
center which generates an ellipse. Knight.

CHUCK
Chuck, n.

1. A small pebble; -- called also chuckstone and chuckiestone.
[Scot.]

2. pl.

Defn: A game played with chucks, in which one or more are tossed up
and caught; jackstones. [Scot.]

CHUCK
Chuck, n.

Defn: A piece of the backbone of an animal, from between the neck and
the collar bone, with the adjoining parts, cut for cooking; as, a
chuck steak; a chuck roast. [Colloq.]

CHUCKLE
Chuc"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chuckled; p. pr. & vb. n. Chuckling.]
Etym: [From lst Chuck.]

1. To call, as a hen her chickens; to cluck. [Obs.] Dryden.

2. To fondle; to cocker. [Obs.] Dryden.

CHUCKLE
Chuc"kle, n.

Defn: A short, suppressed laugh; the expression of satisfaction,
exultation, or derision.

CHUCKLE
Chuc"kle, v. i. Etym: [From lst Chuck.]

Defn: To laugh in a suppressed or broken manner, as expressing inward
satisfaction, exultation, or derision.

CHUCKLEHEAD
Chuc"kle*head`, n.

Defn: A person with a large head; a numskull; a dunce. [Low] Knowles.

CHUCKLEHEADED
Chuc"kle*head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a large head; thickheaded; dull; stupid. Smart.

CHUCK-WILL'S-WIDOW
Chuck`-Will's-wid"ow, n. (Zool.)

Defn: A species of goatsucker (Antrostomus Carolinensis), of the
southern United States; -- so called from its note.

CHUD
Chud, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Chew, Cud.]

Defn: To champ; to bite. [Obs.] A. Stafford.

CHUET
Chu"et, n. Etym: [From Chew, v. t.]

Defn: Minced meat. [Obs.] Bacon.

CHUFA
Chu"fa, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Bot.)

Defn: A sedgelike plant (Cyperus esculentus) producing edible tubers,
native about the Mediterranean, now cultivated in many regions; the
earth almond.

CHUFF
Chuff, n. Etym: [Perh. a modification of chub: cf. W. cyff stock,
stump.]

Defn: A coarse or stupid fellow. Shak.

CHUFF
Chuff, a.

Defn: Stupid; churlish. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

CHUFFILY
Chuff"i*ly, adv.

Defn: Clownishly; surlily.

CHUFFINESS
Chuff"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being chuffy.

CHUFFY
Chuff"y, a.

1. Fat or puffed out in the cheeks.

2. Rough; clownish; surly.

CHULAN
Chu"lan, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The fragrant flowers of the Chloranthus inconspicuus, used in
China for perfuming tea.

CHUM
Chum, n. Etym: [Perh. a contraction fr. comrade or chamber fellow:
cf. also AS. cuma a comer, guest.]

Defn: A roommate, especially in a college or university; an old and
intimate friend.

CHUM
Chum, v. i. [imp. p. p. Chummed; p. pr. & vb. n. Chumming.]

Defn: To occupy a chamber with another; as, to chum together at
college. [U. S.]

CHUM
Chum, n.

Defn: Chopped pieces of fish used as bait. [U. S.]

CHUMP
Chump, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. kumbr a chopping, E. chop.]

Defn: A short, thick, heavy piece of wood. Morton. Chump end, the
thick end; as, the chump end of a joint of meat. Dickens.

CHUNAM
Chu*nam", n. Etym: [Hind. chuna, from Skr. curna powder, dust; or a
Dravidian word.]

Defn: Quicklime; also, plaster or mortar. [India] Whitworth.

CHUNK
Chunk, n. Etym: [Cf. Chump.]

Defn: A short, thick piece of anything. [Colloq. U. S. & Prov. Eng.]

CHUNKY
Chunk"y, a.

Defn: Short and thick. [U. S.] Kane.

CHUPATTY
Chu*pat"ty, n.; pl. -ties (#). [Hind. chapati.]

Defn: A kind of griddlecake of unleavened bread, used among the
natives of India. [Anglo-Indian]

CHUPRASSY; CHUPRASSIE
Chu*pras"sy Chu*pras"sie, n. [Hind. chaprassi, fr. chapras badge.]

Defn: A messenger or servant wearing an official badge. [Anglo-
Indian]

CHURCH
Church, n. Etym: [OE. chirche, chireche, cherche, Scot. kirk, from
AS. circe, cyrice; akin to D. kerk, Icel. kirkja, Sw. kyrka, Dan.
kirke, G. kirche, OHG. chirihha; all fr. Gr. ç\'d4ra hero, Zend. çura
strong, OIr. caur, cur, hero. Cf. Kirk.]

1. A building set apart for Christian worship.

2. A Jewish or heathen temple. [Obs.] Acts xix. 37.

3. A formally organized body of Christian believers worshiping
together. "When they had ordained them elders in every church." Acts
xiv. 23.

4. A body of Christian believers, holding the same creed, observing
the same rites, and acknowledging the same ecclesiastical authority;
a denomination; as, the Roman Catholic church; the Presbyterian
church.

5. The collective body of Christians.

6. Any body of worshipers; as, the Jewish church; the church of
Brahm.

7. The aggregate of religious influences in a community;
ecclesiastical influence, authority, etc.; as, to array the power of
the church against some moral evil.
Remember that both church and state are properly the rulers of the
people, only because they are their benefactors. Bulwer.

Note: Church is often used in composition to denote something
belonging or relating to the church; as, church authority; church
history; church member; church music, etc. Apostolic church. See
under Apostolic.
 -- Broad church. See Broad Church.
 -- Catholic or Universal church, the whole body of believers in
Christ throughout the world.
 -- Church of England, or English church, the Episcopal church
established and endowed in England by law.
 -- Church living, a benefice in an established church.
 -- Church militant. See under Militant.
 -- Church owl (Zoöl.), the white owl. See Barn owl.
 -- Church rate, a tax levied on parishioners for the maintenance of
the church and its services.
 -- Church session. See under Session.
 -- Church triumphant. See under Triumphant.
 -- Church work, work on, or in behalf of, a church; the work of a
particular church for the spread of religion.
 -- Established church, the church maintained by the civil authority;
a state church.

CHURCH
Church, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Churched; p. pr. & vb. n. Churching.]

Defn: To bless according to a prescribed form, or to unite with in
publicly returning thanks in church, as after deliverance from the
dangers of childbirth; as, the churching of women.

CHURCH-ALE
Church"-ale`, n.

Defn: A church or parish festival (as in commemoration of the
dedication of a church), at which much ale was used. Wright. Nares.

CHURCH-BENCH
Church"-bench`, n.

Defn: A seat in the porch of a church. Shak.

CHURCHDOM
Church"dom, n.

Defn: The institution, government, or authority of a church. [R.] Bp.
Pearson.

CHURCHGOER
Church"go`er, n.

Defn: One who attends church.

CHURCHGOING
Church"go`ing, a.

1. Habitually attending church.

2. Summoning to church.
The sound of the churchgoing bell. Cowper.

CHURCH-HAW
Church"-haw`, n. Etym: [Church + haw a yard.]

Defn: Churchyard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHURCHISM
Church"ism, n.

Defn: Strict adherence to the forms or principles of some church
organization; sectarianism.

CHURCHLESS
Church"less, a.

Defn: Without a church. T. Fuller.

CHURCHLIKE
Church"like`, a.

Defn: Befitting a church or a churchman; becoming to a clergyman.
Shak.

CHURCHLINESS
Church"li*ness, n.

Defn: Regard for the church.

CHURCHLY
Church"ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or suitable for, the church; ecclesiastical.

CHURCHMAN
Church"man, n.; pl. Churchmen.

1. An ecclesiastic or clergyman.

2. An Episcopalian, or a member of the Established Church of England.
"A zealous churchman." Macaulay.

3. One was is attached to, or attends, church.

CHURCHMANLY
Church"man*ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or becoming, a churchman. Milman.

CHURCHMANSHIP
Church"man*ship, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being a churchman; attachment to the
church.

CHURCH MODES
Church" modes`. (Mus.)

Defn: The modes or scales used in ancient church music. See
Gregorian.

CHURCHSHIP
Church"ship, n.

Defn: State of being a church. South.

CHURCHWARDEN
Church"ward`en, n.

1. One of the officers (usually two) in an Episcopal church, whose
duties vary in different dioceses, but always include the provision
of what is necessary for the communion service.

2. A clay tobacco pipe, with a long tube. [Slang, Eng.]
There was a small wooden table placed in front of the smoldering
fire, with decanters, a jar of tobacco, and two long churchwardens.
W. Black.

CHURCHWARDENSHIP
Church"ward`en*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a churchwarden.

CHURCHY
Church"y, a.

Defn: Relating to a church; unduly fond of church forms. [Colloq.]

CHURCHYARD
Church"yard`, n.

Defn: The ground adjoining a church, in which the dead are buried; a
cemetery.
Like graves in the holy churchyard. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Burial place; burying ground; graveyard; necropolis; cemetery;
God's acre.

CHURL
Churl, n. Etym: [AS. ceorl a freeman of the lowest rank, man,
husband; akin to D. karel, kerel, G. kerl, Dan. & Sw. karl, Icel.
karl, and to the E. proper name Charles (orig., man, male), and perh.
to Skr. jara lover. Cf. Carl, Charles's Wain.]

1. A rustic; a countryman or laborer. "A peasant or churl." Spenser.
Your rank is all reversed; let men of cloth Bow to the stalwart
churls in overalls. Emerson.

2. A rough, surly, ill-bred man; a boor.
A churl's courtesy rarely comes, but either for gain or falsehood.
Sir P. Sidney.

3. A selfish miser; an illiberal person; a niggard.
Like to some rich churl hoarding up his pelf. Drayton.

CHURL
Churl, a.

Defn: Churlish; rough; selfish. [Obs.] Ford.

CHURLISH
Churl"ish, a.

1. Like a churl; rude; cross-grained; ungracious; surly; illiberal;
niggardly. "Churlish benefits." Ld. Burleigh.
Half mankind maintain a churlish strife. Cowper.

2. Wanting pliancy; unmanageable; unyielding; not easily wrought; as,
a churlish soil; the churlish and intractable nature of some
minerals. Boyle.

CHURLISHLY
Churl"ish*ly, adv.

Defn: In a churlish manner.

CHURLISHNESS
Churl"ish*ness, n.

Defn: Rudeness of manners or temper; lack of kindness or courtesy.

CHURLY
Churl"y, a.

Defn: Rude; churlish; violent. Longfellow.

CHURME; CHIRM
Churme, Chirm, n. Etym: [See Chirm.]

Defn: Clamor, or confused noise; buzzing. [Obs.]
The churme of a thousand taunts and reproaches. Bacon.

CHURN
Churn, n. Etym: [OE. chirne, cherne, AS. ceren, cyrin; akin to D.
karn, Dan. kierne. See Churn, v. t.]

Defn: A vessel in which milk or cream is stirred, beaten, or
otherwise agitated (as by a plunging or revolving dasher) in order to
separete the oily globules from the other parts, and obtain butter.

CHURN
Churn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Churned; p. pr. & vb. n. Churning.] Etym:
[OE. chernen, AS. cernan; akin to LG. karnen, G. kernen, D. karnen,
Dan. kierne, Sw. kärna, and also to E. corn, kernel, the meaning
coming from the idea of extracting the kernel or marrow. See Kernel.]

1. To stir, beat, or agitate, as milk or cream in a churn, in order
to make butter.

2. To shake or agitate with violence.
Churned in his teeth, the foamy venom rose. Addison.

CHURN
Churn, v. i.

Defn: To perform the operation of churning.

CHURNING
Churn"ing, n.

1. The act of one who churns.

2. The quantity of butter made at one operation.

CHURR
Churr, n. [Cf. Chirr.]

Defn: A vibrant or whirring noise such as that made by some insects,
as the cockchafer, or by some birds, as the nightjar, the partridge,
etc.

CHURR
Churr, v. i.  [imp. & p. p. Churred; p. pr. & vb. n. Churr"ing.]

Defn: To make a churr, as a cockchafer.

That's the churring of the nightjar.
Hall Caine.

CHURR
Churr, v. t.

Defn: To utter by churring.

CHURRUS
Chur"rus, n. Etym: [Hind. charas.]

Defn: A powerfully narcotic and intoxicating gum resin which exudes
from the flower heads, seeds, etc., of Indian hemp.

CHURRWORM
Churr"worm`, n. Etym: [AS. cyrran, cerran, to turn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect that turns about nimbly; the mole cricket; -- called
also fan cricket. Johnson.

CHUSE
Chuse, v. t.

Defn: See Choose. [Obs.]

CHUTE
Chute, n. Etym: [F. chute, prop. a fall.]

1. A framework, trough, or tube, upon or through which objects are
made to slide from a higher to a lower level, or through which water
passes to a wheel.

2. See Shoot.

CHUTNEY; CHUTNEE
Chut"ney, Chut"nee, n. Etym: [Hind. chatni.]

Defn: A warm or spicy condiment or pickle made in India, compounded
of various vegetable substances, sweets, acids, etc.

CHYLACEOUS
Chy*la"ceous, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Possessed of the properties of chyle; consisting of chyle.

CHYLAQUEOUS
Chy*la"que*ous, a. Etym: [Chyle + aqueous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Consisting of chyle much diluted with water; -- said of a
liquid which forms the circulating fluid of some inferior animals.

CHYLE
Chyle, n. Etym: [NL. chylus, Gr. chyle; prob. akin to E. fuse to
melt.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A milky fluid containing the fatty matter of the food in a
state of emulsion, or fine mechanical division; formed from chyme by
the action of the intestinal juices. It is absorbed by the lacteals,
and conveyed into the blood by the thoracic duct.

CHYLIFACTION
Chyl`i*fac"tion, n. Etym: [Chyle + L. facere to make.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The act or process by which chyle is formed from food in animal
bodies; chylification, -- a digestive process.

CHYLIFACTIVE
Chyl`i*fac"tive, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Producing, or converting into, chyle; having the power to form
chyle.

CHYLIFEROUS
Chy*lif"er*ous, a.

Defn: [Chyle + -ferous: cf. F. chylifère.] (Physiol.) Transmitting or
conveying chyle; as, chyliferous vessels.

CHYLIFIC
Chy*lif"ic, a.

Defn: Chylifactive.

CHYLIFICATION
Chyl`i*fi*ca"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The formation of chyle. See Chylifaction.

CHYLIFICATORY
Chy*lif"i*ca*to*ry ( or ), a.

Defn: Chylifactive.

CHYLIFY
Chy"li*fy, v. t. & i. Etym: [Chyle + -ly.] (Physiol.)

Defn: To make chyle of; to be converted into chyle.

CHYLOPOETIC
Chy`lo*po*et"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. chylopoiei^n to make into juice,
chylo`s juice, chyle + poiei^n to make.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Concerned in the formation of chyle; as, the chylopoetic
organs.

CHYLOUS
Chy"lous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. chyleux.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Consisting of, or similar to, chyle.

CHYLURIA
Chy*lu"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition in which the urine contains chyle or fatty
matter, giving it a milky appearance.

CHYME
Chyme, n. Etym: [L. chymus chyle, Gr. chyme. See Chyle.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The pulpy mass of semi-digested food in the small intestines
just after its passage from the stomach. It is separated in the
intestines into chyle and excrement. See Chyle.

CHYMIC; CHYMIST; CHYMISTRY
Chym"ic, Chym"ist, Chym"is*try. [Obs.]

Defn: See Chemic, Chemist, Chemistry.

CHYMIFEROUS
Chy*mif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Chyme + -ferous.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Bearing or containing chyme.

CHYMIFICATION
Chym`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Chyme + L. facere to make: cf. F.
Chymification.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The conversion of food into chyme by the digestive action of
gastric juice.

CHYMIFY
Chym"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [Chyme + -fy: cf. F. chymifier.] (Physiol.)

Defn: To form into chyme.

CHYMOUS
Chy"mous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to chyme.

CHYOMETER
Chy*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Chem.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring liquids. It consists of a piston
moving in a tube in which is contained the liquid, the quantity
expelled being indicated by the graduation upon the piston rod.

CIBARIOUS
Ci*ba"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. cibaruus, fr. cibus food.]

Defn: Pertaining to food; edible. Johnson.

CIBATION
Ci*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. cibatio, fr. cibare to feed.]

1. The act of taking food.

2. (Alchemy)

Defn: The process or operation of feeding the contents of the
crucilbe with fresh material. B. Jonson.

CIBOL
Cib"ol, n. Etym: [F. ciboule, LL. cepula, cepola, dim. of L. cepa,
caepa, caepe, an onion. Cf. Chibbal, Cives.]

Defn: A perennial alliaceous plant (Allium fistulosum), sometimes
called Welsh onion. Its fistular leaves areused in cookery.

CIBORIUM
Ci*bo"ri*um, n.: pl. Ciboria. Etym: [LL., fr. L. ciborium a cup, fr.
Gr.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A canopy usually standing free and supported on four columns,
covering the high altar, or, very rarely, a secondary altar.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The coffer or case in which the host is kept; the pyx.

CICADA
Ci*ca"da, n.; pl. E. Cicadas, L. Cicadæ. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of the genus Cicada. They are large hemipterous
insects, with nearly transparent wings. The male makes a shrill sound
by pecular organs in the under side of the abdomen, consisting of a
pair of stretched membranes, acted upon by powerful muscles. A noted
American species (C. septendecim) is called the seventeen year
locust. Another common species is the dogday cicada.

CICALA
Ci*ca"la, n. Etym: [It., fr. L. cicada.]

Defn: A cicada. See Cicada. "At eve a dry cicala sung." Tennison.

CICATRICE
Cic"a*trice, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. cicatrix.]

Defn: A cicatrix.

CICATRICIAL
Cic`a*tri"cial, a. (Med.)

Defn: Relating to, or having the character of, a cicatrix. Dunglison.

CICATRICLE
Cic"a*tri`cle, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cicatricule, fr. L. cicatricula a
small scar, fr. cicatrix a scar.] (Biol.)

Defn: The germinating point in the embryo of a seed; the point in the
yolk of an egg at which development begins.

CICATRISIVE
Cic"a*tri`sive, a.

Defn: Tending to promote the formation of a cicatrix; good for
healing of a wound.

CICATRIX
Ci*ca"trix, n.; pl. Cicatrices. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: The pellicle which forms over a wound or breach of continuity
and completes the process of healing in the latter, and which
subsequently contracts and becomes white, forming the scar.

CICATRIZANT
Cic"a*tri`zant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cicatrisant, properly p. pr. of
cicatriser.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicine or application that promotes the healing of a sore
or wound, or the formation of a cicatrix.

CICATRIZATION
Cic`a*tri*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cicatrisation.] (Med.)

Defn: The process of forming a cicatrix, or the state of being
cicatrized.

CICATRIZE
Cic"a*trize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cicatrized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cicatrizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. cicatriser, fr. cicatrice, L. cicatrix,
scar.] (Med.)

Defn: To heal or induce the formation of a cicatrix in, as in wounded
or ulcerated flesh. Wiseman.

CICATRIZE
Cic"a*trize, v. i. (Med.)

Defn: To heal; to have a new skin.

CICATROSE
Cic"a*trose`, a.

Defn: Full of scars. Craig.

CICELY
Cic"e*ly, n. Etym: [L. seselis, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several umbelliferous plants, of the genera Myrrhis,
Osmorrhiza, etc.

CICERO
Cic"e*ro, n. (Print.)

Defn: Pica type; -- so called by French printers.

CICERONE
Ci`ce*ro"ne, n.; pl. It. Ciceroni, E. Cicerones. Etym: [It., fr. L.
Cicero, the Roman orator. So called from the ordinary talkativeness
of such a guide.]

Defn: One who shows strangers the curiosities of a place; a guide.
Every glib and loquacious hireling who shows strangers about their
picture galleries, palaces, and ruins, is termed by them [the
Italians] a cicerone, or a Cicero. Trench.

CICERONIAN
Cic`e*ro"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Ciceronianus, fr. Cicero, the orator.]

Defn: Resembling Cicero in style or action; eloquent.

CICERONIANISM
Cic`e*ro"ni*an*ism, n.

Defn: Imitation of, or resemblance to, the style or action Cicero; a
Ciceronian phrase or expression. "Great study in Ciceronianism, the
chief abuse of Oxford." Sir P. Sidney.

CICHORACEOUS
Cich`o*ra"ceous, a. Etym: [See Chicory.]

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, a suborder of composite plants of
which the chicory (Cichorium) is the type.

CICH-PEA
Cich"-pea`, n.

Defn: The chick-pea. Holland.

CICISBEISM
Ci*cis"be*ism, n.

Defn: The state or conduct of a cicisbeo.

CICISBEO
Ci`cis*be"o, n.; pl. It. Cicisbei. Etym: [It.]

1. A professed admirer of a married woman; a dangler about women.

2. A knot of silk or ribbon attached to a fan, walking stick, etc.
[Obs.]

CICLATOUN
Cic"la*toun`, n. Etym: [Of. ciclaton.]

Defn: A costly cloth, of uncertain material, used in the Middle Ages.
[Obs.] [Written also checklaton, chekelatoun.]
His robe was of ciclatoun, That coste many a Jane. Chaucer.

CICURATE
Cic"u*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. cicurare to tame, fr. cicur tame.]

Defn: To tame. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

CICURATION
Cic`u*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cicuration.]

Defn: The act of taming. [Obs.] Ray.

CICUTA
Ci*cu"ta, n. Etym: [L., the poison hemlock.] (Bot.)

Defn: a genus of poisonous umbelliferous plants, of which the water
hemlock or cowbane is best known.

Note: The name cicuta is sometimes erroneously applied to Conium
maculatum, or officinal hemlock.

CICUTOXIN
Cic`u*tox"in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The active principle of the water hemlock (Cicuta) extracted as
a poisonous gummy substance.

CID
Cid, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. Ar. seid lord.]

1. Chief or commander; in Spanish literature, a title of Ruy Diaz,
Count of Bivar, a champion of Christianity and of the old Spanish
royalty, in the 11th century.

2. An epic poem, which celebrates the exploits of the Spanish
national hero, Ruy Diaz.

CIDER
Ci"der, n. Etym: [F. cidre, OF. sidre, fr. L. sicera a kind of strong
drink, Gr. shakar to be intoxicated, shekar strong drink.]

Defn: The expressed juice of apples. It is used as a beverage, for
making vinegar, and for other purposes.

Note: Cider was formerly used to signify the juice of other fruits,
and other kinds of strong liquor, but was not applied to wine. Cider
brandy, a kind of brandy distilled from cider.
 -- Cider mill, a mill in which cider is made.
 -- Cider press, the press of a cider mill.

CIDERIST
Ci`der*ist, n.

Defn: A maker of cider. [Obs.] Mortimer.

CIDERKIN
Ci"der*kin, n. Etym: [Cider + -kin.]

Defn: A kind of weak cider made by steeping the refuse pomace in
water.
Ciderkin is made for common drinking, and supplies the place of small
beer. Mortimer.

CI-DEVANT
Ci`-de*vant", a. Etym: [F., hitherto, formerly.]

Defn: Former; previous; of times gone by; as, a cidevant governor.

CIERGE
Cierge, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. cera wax.]

Defn: A wax candle used in religous rites.

CIGAR
Ci*gar", n. Etym: [Sp. cigarro, orig., a kind of tobacco in the
island of Cuba: cf. F. cigare.]

Defn: A small roll of tobacco, used for smoking. Cigar fish (Zoöl.),
a fish (Decapterus punctatus), allied to the mackerel, found on the
coast of the Gulf of Mexico.

CIGARETTE
Cig`a*rette", n. Etym: [F. cigarette.]

Defn: A little cigar; a little fine tobacco rolled in paper for
smoking.

CILIA
Cil"i*a, n. pl. Cilium, the sing., is rarely used. Etym: [L. cilium
eyelid.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The eyelashes.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Small, generally microscopic, vibrating appendages lining
certain organs, as the air passages of the higher animals, and in the
lower animals often covering also the whole or a part of the
exterior. They are also found on some vegetable organisms. In the
Infusoria, and many larval forms, they are locomotive organs.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Hairlike processes, commonly marginal and forming a fringe like
the eyelash.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Small, vibratory, swimming organs, somewhat resembling true
cilia, as those of Ctenophora.

CILIARY
Cil"ia*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ciliaire.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the cilia, or eyelashes. Also applied to special
parts of the eye itself; as, the ciliary processes of the choroid
coat; the ciliary muscle, etc.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to or connected with the cilia in animal or
vegetable organisms; as, ciliary motion.

CILIATA
Cil`i*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Cilia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the orders of Infusoria, characterized by having cilia.
In some species the cilia cover the body generally, in others they
form a band around the mouth.

CILIATE; CILIATED
Cil"i*ate, Cil"i*a`ted, a.

Defn: Provided with, or surrounded by, cilia; as, a ciliate leaf;
endowed with vibratory motion; as, the ciliated epithelium of the
windpipe.

CILICE
Cil"ice, n. Etym: [F. See Cilicious.]

Defn: A kind of haircloth undergarment. Southey.

CILICIAN
Ci*li"cian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Cilicia in Asia Minor.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Cilicia.

CILICIOUS
Ci*li"cious, a. Etym: [L. cilicium a covering, orig. made of Cilician
goat's hair, fr. Cilicious Cilician, fr. Cilicia, a province of Asia
Minor.]

Defn: Made, or consisting, of hair. [Obs.]
A Cilicious or sackcloth habit. Sir T. Browne.

CILIFORM; CILIIFORM
Cil"i*form, Cil"i*i*form`, a. Etym: [Cilium + -form]

Defn: Having the form of cilia; very fine or slender.

CILIOGRADE
Cil"i*o*grade, a. Etym: [Cilium + L. gradi to step: cf. F.
ciliograde.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Moving by means of cilia, or cilialike organs; as, the
ciliograde Medusæ.

CILIUM
Cil"i*um, n. Etym: [L., eyelid.]

Defn: See Cilia.

CILL
Cill, n.

Defn: See Sill., n. a foundation.

CILLOSIS
Cil*lo"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. cilium eyelid.] (Med.)

Defn: A spasmodic trembling of the upper eyelid.

CIMA
Ci"ma, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A kind of molding. See Cyma.

CIMAR
Ci*mar", n.

Defn: See Simar.

CIMBAL
Cim"bal, n. Etym: [It. ciambella.]

Defn: A kind of confectionery or cake. [Obs.] Nares.

CIMBIA
Cim"bi*a, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A fillet or band placed around the shaft of a column as if to
strengthen it. [Written also cimia.]

CIMBRIAN
Cim"bri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Cimbri.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Cimbri. See Cimbric.

CIMBRIC
Cim"bric, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the Cimbri, an ancient tribe inhabiting Northern
Germany.
 -- n.

Defn: The language of the Cimbri.

CIMELIARCH
Ci*me"li*arch, n. Etym: [L. cimeliarcha, Gr.

Defn: A superintendent or keeper of a church's valuables; a
churchwarden. [Obs.] Bailey.

CIMETER
Cim"e*ter, n.

Defn: See Scimiter.

CIMEX
Ci"mex, n.; pl. Cimices. Etym: [L., a bug.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of hemipterous insects of which the bedbug is the best
known example. See Bedbug.

CIMIA
Cim"i*a, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Cimbia.

CIMISS
Ci"miss, n. Etym: [L. cimex, -icis, a bug.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bedbug. [Obs.] Wright.

CIMMERIAN
Cim*me"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. Cimmerius.] [Written also Kimmerian.]

1. Pertaining to the Cimmerii, a fabulous people, said to have lived,
in very ancient times, in profound and perpetual darkness.

2. Without any light; intensely dark.
In dark Cimmerian desert ever dwell. Milton.

CIMOLITE
Cim"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. Cimolus, an island of the Cyclades.] (Min.)

Defn: A soft, earthy, clayey mineral, of whitish or grayish color.

CINCH
Cinch, n. Etym: [Sp. cincha, fr. L. cingere to gird.]

1. A strong saddle girth, as of canvas. [West. U. S.]

2. A tight grip. [Colloq.]

CINCHONA
Cin*cho"na, n. Etym: [So named from the wife of Count Chinchon,
viceroy of Peru in the seventeenth century, who by its use was freed
from an intermittent fever, and after her return to Spain,
contributed to the general propagation of this remedy.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees growing naturally on the Andes in Peru and
adjacent countries, but now cultivated in the East Indies, producing
a medicinal bark of great value.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The bark of any species of cinchona containing three per cent.
or more of bitter febrifuge alkaloids; Peruvian bark; Jesuits' bark.

CINCHONACEOUS
Cin`cho*na"ceous, a.

Defn: Allied or pertaining to cinchona, or to the plants that produce
it.

CINCHONIC
Cin*chon"ic, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or obtained from, cinchona. Mayne.

CINCHONIDINE
Cin*chon"i*dine, n. Etym: [From Cinchona.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the quinine group of alkaloids, found especially in red
cinchona bark. It is a white crystalline substance, C19H22N2O, with a
bitter taste and qualities similar to, but weaker than, quinine; --
sometimes called also cinchonidia.

CINCHONINE
Cin"cho*nine, n. Etym: [From Cinchona: cf. F. cinchonine.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the quinine group of alkaloids isomeric with and
resembling cinchonidine; -- called also cinchonia.

CINCHONISM
Cin"cho*nism, n. Etym: [From Cinchona.] (Med.)

Defn: A condition produced by the excessive or long-continued use of
quinine, and marked by deafness, roaring in the ears, vertigo, etc.

CINCHONIZE
Cin"cho*nize, v. t.

Defn: To produce cinchonism in; to poison with quinine or with
cinchona.

CINCINNATI EPOCH
Cin`cin*na"ti ep"och. (Geol.)

Defn: An epoch at the close of the American lower Silurian system.
The rocks are well developed near Cincinnati, Ohio. The group
includes the Hudson River and Lorraine shales of New york.

CINCINNUS
Cin*cin"nus, n.; pl. -ni (#).  [Also cicinus, cicinnus.] [L., a curl
of hair.] (Bot.)

Defn: A form of monochasium in which the lateral branches arise
alternately on opposite sides of the false axis; -- called also
scorpioid cyme. --Cin*cin"nal (#), a.

CINCTURE
Cinc"ture, n. Etym: [L. cinctura, fr. cingere, cinctum, to gird.]

1. A belt, a girdle, or something worn round the body, -- as by an
ecclesiastic for confining the alb.

2. That which encompasses or incloses; an inclosure. "Within the
cincture of one wall." Bacon.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: The fillet, listel, or band next to the apophyge at the
extremity of the shaft of a column.

CINCTURED
Cinc"tured, n.

Defn: Having or wearing a cincture or gridle.

CINDER
Cin"der, n. Etym: [AS. sinder slag, dross; akin to Icel. sindr dross,
Sw. sinder, G. sinter, D. sintel; perh. influenced by F. cendre
ashes, fr. L. cinis. Cf. Sinter.]

1. Partly burned or vitrified coal, or other combustible, in which
fire is extinct.

2. A hot coal without flame; an ember. Swift.

3. A scale thrown off in forging metal.

4. The slag of a furnace, or scoriaceous lava from a volcano. Cinder
frame, a framework of wire in front of the tubes of a locomotive, to
arrest the escape of cinders.
 -- Cinder notch (Metal.), the opening in a blast furnace, through
which melted cinder flows out.

CINDERY
Cin"der*y, a.

Defn: Resembling, or composed of, cinders; full of cinders.

CINEFACTION
Cin`e*fac"tion, n. Etym: [LL. cinefactio: L. cinis ashes + facere to
make: cf. F. cinéfaction.]

Defn: Cineration; reduction to ashes. [Obs.]

CINEMATIC; CINEMATICAL
Cin`e*mat"ic, Cin`e*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: See Kinematic.

CINEMATICS
Cin`e*mat"ics, n. sing.

Defn: See Kinematics.

CINEMATOGRAPH
Cin`e*mat"o*graph, n. [Gr. , , motion + -graph.]

1.

Defn: A machine, combining magic lantern and kinetoscope features,
for projecting on a screen a series of pictures, moved rapidly (25 to
50 a second) and intermittently before an objective lens, and
producing by persistence of vision the illusion of continuous motion;
a moving-picture machine; also, any of several other machines or
devices producing moving pictorial effects. Other common names for
the cinematograph are animatograph, biograph, bioscope, electrograph,
electroscope, kinematograph, kinetoscope, veriscope, vitagraph,
vitascope, zoögyroscope, zoöpraxiscope, etc.

The cinematograph, invented by Edison in 1894, is the result of the
introduction of the flexible film into photography in place of glass.
Encyc. Brit.

2.  A camera for taking chronophotographs for exhibition by the
instrument described above.

CINEMATOGRAPHER
Cin`e*ma*tog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who exhibits moving pictures or who takes chronophotographs
by the cinematograph. -- Cin`e*mat`o*graph"ic (#), a. --
Cin`e*mat`o*graph"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

CINEMOGRAPH
Ci*ne"mo*graph, n. [Gr.  motion + -graph.]

Defn: An integrating anemometer.

CINERACEOUS
Cin`er*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. cineraceus, fr. cinis ashes.]

Defn: Like ashes; ash-colored; cinerous.

CINERARIA
Cin`e*ra"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. LL. cinerarius pert. to ashes, fr.
cinis ashes. So called from the ash-colored down on the leaves.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan genus of free-flowering composite plants, mostly from
South Africa. Several species are cultivated for ornament.

CINERARY
Cin"er*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. cinerarius, fr. cinis ashes.]

Defn: Pertaining to ashes; containing ashes. Cinerary urns, vessels
used by the ancients to preserve the ashes of the dead when burned.

CINERATION
Cin`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. cinis ashes: cf. F. cinération.]

Defn: The reducing of anything to ashes by combustion; cinefaction.

CINEREOUS
Ci*ne"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. cinereus, fr. cinis ashes.]

Defn: Like ashes; ash-colored; grayish.

CINERESCENT
Cin`er*es"cent, a.

Defn: Somewhat cinereous; of a color somewhat resembling that of wood
ashes.

CINERITIOUS
Cin`er*i"tious, a. Etym: [L. cineritius, cinericius, fr. cinis
ashes.]

Defn: Like ashes; having the color of ashes, -- as the cortical
substance of the brain.

CINERULENT
Ci*ner"u*lent, a.

Defn: Full of ashes. [Obs.]

CINGALESE
Cin`ga*lese", n. sing. & pl. Etym: [Cf. F. Cingalais.]

Defn: A native or natives of Ceylon descended from its primitive
inhabitants; also (sing.),

Defn: the language of the Cingalese.
 -- a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Cingalese. [Written also Singhalese.]

Note: Ceylonese is applied to the inhabitants of the island in
general.

CINGLE
Cin"gle, n. Etym: [L. cingula, cingulum, fr. cingere to gird.]

Defn: A girth. [R.] See Surcingle.

CINGULUM
Cin"gu*lum, n. Etym: [L., a girdle.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A distinct girdle or band of color; a raised spiral line as seen
on certain univalve shells.
(b) The clitellus of earthworms.
(c) The base of the crown of a tooth.

CINNABAR
Cin"na*bar, n. Etym: [L. cinnabaris, Gr. qinbar, Hind. shangarf.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: Red sulphide of mercury, occurring in brilliant red crystals,
and also in red or brown amorphous masses. It is used in medicine.

2. The artificial red sulphide of mercury used as a pigment;
vermilion. Cinnabar Græcorum (. Etym: [L. Graecorum, gen. pl., of the
Greeks.] (Med.) Same as Dragon's blood.
 -- Green cinnabar, a green pigment consisting of the oxides of
cobalt and zinc subjected to the action of fire.
 -- Hepatic cinnabar (Min.), an impure cinnabar of a liver-brown
color and submetallic luster.

CINNABARINE
Cin"na*ba*rine, a. Etym: [Cf. F. cinabarin.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, cinnabar; consisting of cinnabar,
or containing it; as, cinnabarine sand.

CINNAMENE
Cin"na*mene, n. Etym: [From Cinnamic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Styrene (which was formerly called cinnamene because obtained
from cinnamic acid). See Styrene.

CINNAMIC
Cin*nam"ic, a. Etym: [From Cinnamon.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, cinnamon. Cinnamic acid
(Chem.), a white, crystalline, odorless substance.
C6H5.C2H2C2H2.CO2H, formerly obtained from storax and oil of
cinnamon, now made from certain benzene derivatives in large
quantities, and used for the artificial production of indigo.

CINNAMOMIC
Cin`na*mom"ic, a. Etym: [L. cinnamomum cinnamon.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Cinnamic.

CINNAMON
Cin"na*mon, n. Etym: [Heb. qinnamon; cf. Gr. cinnamomum, cinnamon.
The Heb. word itself seems to have been borrowed from some other
language; cf. Malay kaju manis sweet wood.]
(a) The inner bark of the shoots of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, a tree
growing in Ceylon. It is aromatic, of a moderately pungent taste, and
is one of the best cordial, carminative, and restorative spices.
(b) Cassia. Cinnamon stone (Min.), a variety of garnet, of a cinnamon
or hyacinth red color, sometimes used in jewelry.
 -- Oil of cinnamon, a colorless aromatic oil obtained from cinnamon
and cassia, and consisting essentially of cinnamic aldehyde,
C6H5.C2H2.CHO.
 -- Wild cinnamon. See Canella.

CINNAMONE
Cin"na*mone, n. Etym: [Cinnamic + -one.]

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance, (C6H5.C2H2)2CO, the ketone of
cinnamic acid.

CINNAMYL
Cin"na*myl, n. Etym: [Cinnamic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical, (C6H5.C2H2)2C, of cinnamic compounds.
[Formerly written also cinnamule.]

CINNOLINE
Cin"no*line, n. Etym: [Cinnamic + quinoline.]

Defn: A nitrogenous organic base, C8H6N2, analogous to quinoline,
obtained from certain complex diazo compounds.

CINQUE
Cinque, n. Etym: [F. cinq, fr. L. quinque five. See Five.]

Defn: Five; the number five in dice or cards.

CINQUECENTIST
Cin`que*cen"tist, n.

1. An Italian of the sixteenth century, esp. a poet or artist.

2.  A student or imitator of the art or literature of the
Cinquecento.

CINQUECENTO
Cin`que*cen"to, n. & a. Etym: [It., five hundred, abbrev. for fifteen
hundred. The Cinquecento style was so called because it arose after
the year 1500.]

Defn: The sixteenth century, when applied to Italian art or
literature; as, the sculpture of the Cinquecento; Cinquecento style.

CINQUEFOIL
Cinque"foil`, n. Etym: [Cinque five + foil, F. feuille leaf. See
Foil.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several different species of the genus Potentilla;
-- also called five-finger, because of the resemblance of its leaves
to the fingers of the hand.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornamental foliation having five points or cups, used in
windows, panels, etc. Gwilt. Marsh cinquefoil, the Potentilla
palustris, a plant with purple flowers which grows in fresh-water
marshes.

CINQUE-PACE
Cinque"-pace`, n. Etym: [Cinque + pace.]

Defn: A lively dance (called also galliard), the steps of which were
regulated by the number five. [Obs.] Nares. Shak.

CINQUE PORTS
Cinque" Ports`. Etym: [Cinque + port.] (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: Five English ports, to which peculiar privileges were anciently
accorded; -- viz., Hastings, Romney, Hythe, Dover, and Sandwich;
afterwards increased by the addition of Winchelsea, Rye, and some
minor places. Baron of the Cinque Ports. See under Baron.

CINQUE-SPOTTED
Cinque"-spot`ted, a.

Defn: Five-spotted. [R.] Shak.

CINTER
Cin"ter, n. Etym: [F. cintre.] (Arch.)

Defn: See Center.

CINURA
Ci*nu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The group of Thysanura which includes Lepisma and allied forms;
the bristletails. See Bristletail, and Lepisma.

CION
Ci"on, n. Etym: [OF. cion. See Scion.]

Defn: See Scion.
The cion overruleth the stock; and the stock is but passive, and
giveth aliment, but no motion, to the graft. Bacon.

CIPHER
Ci"pher, n. Etym: [OF. cifre zero, F. Chiffre figure (cf. Sp.cifra,
LL. cifra), fr. Ar. çifrun, çafrun, empty, cipher, zero, fr. çafira
to be empty. Cf. Zero.]

1. (Arith.)

Defn: A character [0] which, standing by itself, expresses nothing,
but when placed at the right hand of a whole number, increases its
value tenfold.

2. One who, or that which, has no weight or influence.
Here he was a mere cipher. W. Irving.

3. A character in general, as a figure or letter. [Obs.]
This wisdom began to be written in ciphers and characters and letters
bearing the forms of creatures. Sir W. Raleigh.

4. A combination or interweaving of letters, as the initials of a
name; a device; a monogram; as, a painter's cipher, an engraver's
cipher, etc. The cut represents the initials N. W.

5. A private alphabet, system of characters, or other mode of
writing, contrived for the safe transmission of secrets; also, a
writing in such characters.
His father . . . engaged him when he was very young to write all his
letters to England in cipher. Bp. Burnet.
Cipher key, a key to assist in reading writings in cipher.

CIPHER
Ci"pher, a.

Defn: Of the nature of a cipher; of no weight or influence. "Twelve
cipher bishops." Milton.

CIPHER
Ci"pher, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ciphered; p. pr. & vb. n. Ciphering.]

Defn: To use figures in a mathematical process; to do sums in
arithmetic.
"T was certain he could write and cipher too. Goldsmith.

CIPHER
Ci"pher, v. t.

1. To write in occult characters.
His notes he ciphered with Greek characters. Hayward.

2. To get by ciphering; as, to cipher out the answer.

3. To decipher. [Obs.] Shak.

4. To designate by characters. [Obs.] Shak.

CIPHERER
Ci"pher*er, n.

Defn: One who ciphers.

CIPHERHOOD
Ci"pher*hood, n.

Defn: Nothingness. [R.] Goodwin.

CIPOLIN
Cip"o*lin, n. Etym: [It. cippollino, prop., a little onion, fr.
cipolla onion (cf. E. cibol). So called because its veins consist,
like onions, of different strata, one lying upon another.] (Min.)

Defn: A whitish marble, from Rome, containiing pale greenish zones.
It consists of calcium carbonate, with zones and cloudings of talc.

CIPPUS
Cip"pus, n.; pl. Cippi. Etym: [L., stake, post.]

Defn: A small, low pillar, square or round, commonly having an
inscription, used by the ancients for various purposes, as for
indicating the distances of places, for a landmark, for sepulchral
inscriptions, etc. Gwilt.

CIRC
Circ, n. Etym: [See Circus.]

Defn: An amphitheatrical circle for sports; a circus. [R.] T. Warton.

CIRCAR
Cir*car", n. Etym: [See Sircar.]

Defn: A district, or part of a province. See Sircar. [India]

CIRCASSIAN
Cir*cas"sian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Circassia, in Asia.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Circassia.

CIRCEAN
Cir*ce"an, a. Etym: [L. Circaeus.]

Defn: Having the characteristics of Circe, daughter of Sol and
Perseis, a mythological enchantress, who first charmed her victims
and then changed them to the forms of beasts; pleasing, but noxious;
as, a Circean draught.

CIRCENSIAL; CIRCENSIAN
Cir*cen"sial, Cir*cen"sian, a. Etym: [L. Circensis, ludi Circenses,
the games in the Circus Maximus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or held in, the Circus, In Rome.
The pleasure of the Circensian shows. Holyday.

CIRCINAL
Cir"ci*nal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Circinate.

CIRCINATE
Cir"ci*nate, a. Etym: [L. circinatus, p. p. of circinare to make
round, fr. circinus a pair of compasses, from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Rolled together downward, the tip occupying the center; -- a
term used in reference to foliation or leafing, as in ferns. Gray.

CIRCINATE
Cir"ci*nate, v. t.

Defn: To make a circle around; to encompass. [Obs.] Bailey.

CIRCINATION
Cir`ci*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. circinatio circle.]

1. An orbicular motion. [Obs.] bailey.

2. A circle; a concentric layer. [Obs.] "The circinations and
spherical rounds of onions." Sir T. Browne.

CIRCLE
Cir"cle, n. Etym: [OE. cercle, F. cercle, fr. L. circulus (Whence
also AS. circul), dim. of circus circle, akin to Gr. Circus, Circum-
.]

1. A plane figure, bounded by a single curve line called its
circumference, every part of which is equally distant from a point
within it, called the center.

2. The line that bounds sush a figure; a circumference; a ring.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: An instrument of observation, the graduated limb of which
consists of an entire circle.

Note: When it is fixed to a wall in an observatory, it is called a
mural circle; when mounted with a telescope on an axis and in Y's, in
the plane of the meridian, a meridian or transit circle; when
involving the principle of reflection, like the sextant, a reflecting
circle; and when that of repeating an angle several times
continuously along the graduated limb, a repeating circle.

4. A round body; a sphere; an orb.
It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth. Is. xi. 22.

5. Compass; circuit; inclosure.
In the circle of this forest. Shak.

6. A company assembled, or conceived to assemble, about a central
point of interest, or bound by a common tie; a class or division of
society; a coterie; a set.
As his name gradually became known, the circle of his acquaintance
widened. Macaulay.

7. A circular group of persons; a ring.

8. A series ending where it begins, and repeating itself.
Thus in a circle runs the peasant's pain. Dryden.

9. (Logic)

Defn: A form of argument in which two or more unproved statements are
used to prove each other; inconclusive reasoning.
That heavy bodies descend by gravity; and, again, that gravity is a
quality whereby a heavy body descends, is an impertinent circle and
teaches nothing. Glanvill.

10. Indirect form of words; circumlocution. [R.]
Has he given the lie, In circle, or oblique, or semicircle. J.
Fletcher.

11. A territorial division or district.

Note: The Circles of the Holy Roman Empire, ten in number, were those
principalities or provinces which had seats in the German Diet.
Azimuth circle. See under Azimuth.
 -- Circle of altitude (Astron.), a circle parallel to the horizon,
having its pole in the zenith; an almucantar.
 -- Circle of curvature. See Osculating circle of a curve (Below).
 -- Circle of declination. See under Declination.
 -- Circle of latitude. (a) (Astron.) A great circle perpendicular to
the plane of the ecliptic, passing through its poles. (b) (Spherical
Projection) A small circle of the sphere whose plane is perpendicular
to the axis.
 -- Circles of longitude, lesser circles parallel to the ecliptic,
diminishing as they recede from it.
 -- Circle of perpetual apparition, at any given place, the boundary
of that space around the elevated pole, within which the stars never
set. Its distance from the pole is equal to the latitude of the
place.
 -- Circle of perpetual occultation, at any given place, the boundary
of the space around the depressed pole, within which the stars never
rise.
 -- Circle of the sphere, a circle upon the surface of the sphere,
called a great circle when its plane passes through the center of the
sphere; in all other cases, a small circle.
 -- Diurnal circle. See under Diurnal.
 -- Dress circle, a gallery in a theater, generally the one
containing the prominent and more expensive seats.
 -- Druidical circles (Eng. Antiq.), a popular name for certain
ancient inclosures formed by rude stones circularly arranged, as at
Stonehenge, near Salisbury.
 -- Family circle, a gallery in a theater, usually one containing
inexpensive seats.
 -- Horary circles (Dialing), the lines on dials which show the
hours.
 -- Osculating circle of a curve (Geom.), the circle which touches
the curve at some point in the curve, and close to the point more
nearly coincides with the curve than any other circle. This circle is
used as a measure of the curvature of the curve at the point, and
hence is called circle of curvature.
 -- Pitch circle. See under Pitch.
 -- Vertical circle, an azimuth circle.
 -- Voltaic circle or circuit. See under Circuit.
 -- To square the circle. See under Square.

Syn.
 -- Ring; circlet; compass; circuit; inclosure.

CIRCLE
Cir"cle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circled; p. pr. & vb. n. Circling.]
Etym: [OE. cerclen, F. cercler, fr. L. circulare to make round. See
Circle, n., and cf. Circulate.]

1. To move around; to revolve around.
Other planets circle other suns. Pope.

2. To encompass, as by a circle; to surround; to inclose; to
encircle. Prior. Pope.
Their heads are circled with a short turban. Dampier.
So he lies, circled with evil. Coleridge.
To circle in, to confine; to hem in; to keep together; as, to circle
bodies in. Sir K. Digby.

CIRCLE
Cir"cle, v. i.

Defn: To move circularly; to form a circle; to circulate.
Thy name shall circle round the gaping through. Byron.

CIRCLED
Cir"cled, a.

Defn: Having the form of a circle; round. "Monthly changes in her
circled orb." Shak.

CIRCLER
Cir"cler, n.

Defn: A mean or inferior poet, perhaps from his habit of wandering
around as a stroller; an itinerant poet. Also, a name given to the
cyclic poets. See under Cyclic, a. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

CIRCLET
Cir"clet, n.

1. A little circle; esp., an ornament for the person, having the form
of a circle; that which encircles, as a ring, a bracelet, or a
headband.
Her fair locks in circlet be enrolled. Spenser.

2. A round body; an orb. Pope.
Fairest of stars . . . that crown'st the smiling morn With thy bright
circlet. Milton.

3. A circular piece of wood put under a dish at table. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

CIRCOCELE
Cir"co*cele, n.

Defn: See Cirsocele.

CIRCUIT
Cir"cuit, n. Etym: [F. circuit, fr. L. circuitus, fr. circuire or
circumire to go around; circum around + ire to go.]

1. The act of moving or revolving around, or as in a circle or orbit;
a revolution; as, the periodical circuit of the earth round the sun.
Watts.

2. The circumference of, or distance round, any space; the measure of
a line round an area.
The circuit or compass of Ireland is 1,800 miles. J. Stow.

3. That which encircles anything, as a ring or crown.
The golden circuit on my head. Shak.

4. The space inclosed within a circle, or within limits.
A circuit wide inclosed with goodliest trees. Milton.

5. A regular or appointed journeying from place to place in the
exercise of one's calling, as of a judge, or a preacher.

6.
(a) (Law) A certain division of a state or country, established by
law for a judge or judges to visit, for the administration of
justice. Bouvier. (b) (Methodist Church) A district in which an
itinerant preacher labors.

7. Circumlocution. [Obs.] "Thou hast used no circuit of words."
Huloet. Circuit court (Law), a court which sits successively in
different places in its circuit (see Circuit, 6). In the United
States, the federal circuit courts are commonly presided over by a
judge of the supreme court, or a special circuit judge, together with
the judge of the district court. They have jurisdiction within
statutory limits, both in law and equity, in matters of federal
cognizance. Some of the individual States also have circuit courts,
which have general statutory jurisdiction of the same class, in
matters of State cognizance.
 -- Circuit or Circuity of action (Law), a longer course of
proceedings than is necessary to attain the object in view.
 -- To make a circuit, to go around; to go a roundabout way.
 -- Voltaic or Galvanic circuit or circle, a continous electrical
communication between the two poles of a battery; an arrangement of
voltaic elements or couples with proper conductors, by which a
continuous current of electricity is established.

CIRCUIT
Cir"cuit, v. i.

Defn: To move in a circle; to go round; to circulate. [Obs.] J.
Philips.

CIRCUIT
Cir"cuit, v. t.

Defn: To travel around. [Obs.] "Having circuited the air." T. Warton.

CIRCUITEER
Cir`cuit*eer", n.

Defn: A circuiter. Pope.

CIRCUITER
Cir"cuit*er, n.

Defn: One who travels a circuit, as a circuit judge. [R.] R.
Whitlock.

CIRCUITION
Cir`cu*i"tion, n. Etym: [L. circuitio. See Circuit.]

Defn: The act of going round; circumlocution. [R.]

CIRCUITOUS
Cir*cu"i*tous, a. Etym: [LL. circuitosus.]

Defn: Going round in a circuit; roundabout; indirect; as, a
circuitous road; a circuitous manner of accompalishing an end.
 -- Cir*cu"i*tous*ly, adv.
 -- Cir*cu"i*tous*ness, n.

Syn.
 -- Tortuous; winding; sinuous; serpentine.

CIRCUITY
Cir*cu"i*ty, n.

Defn: A going round in a circle; a course not direct; a roundabout
way of proceeding.

CIRCULABLE
Cir"cu*la*ble, a.

Defn: That may be circulated.

CIRCULAR
Cir"cu*lar, a. Etym: [L. circularis, fr. circulus circle: cf. F.
circulaire. See Circle.]

1. In the form of, or bounded by, a circle; round.

2. repeating itself; ending in itself; reverting to the point of
beginning; hence, illogical; inconclusive; as, circular reasoning.

3. Adhering to a fixed circle of legends; cyclic; hence, mean;
inferior. See Cyclic poets, under Cyclic.
Had Virgil been a circular poet, and closely adhered to history, how
could the Romans have had Dido Dennis.

4. Addressed to a circle, or to a number of persons having a common
interest; circulated, or intended for circulation; as, a circular
letter.
A proclamation of Henry III., . . . doubtless circular throughout
England. Hallam.

5. Perfect; complete. [Obs.]
A man so absolute and circular In all those wished-for rarities that
may take A virgin captive. Massinger.
Circular are, any portion of the circumference of a circle.
 -- Circular cubics (Math.), curves of the third order which are
imagined to pass through the two circular points at infinity.
 -- Circular functions. (Math.) See under Function.
 -- Circular instruments, mathematical instruments employed for
measuring angles, in which the graduation extends round the whole
circumference of a circle, or 360º.
 -- Circular lines, straight lines pertaining to the circle, as
sines, tangents, secants, etc.
 -- Circular note or letter. (a) (Com.) See under Credit. (b)
(Diplomacy) A letter addressed in identical terms to a number of
persons.
 -- Circular numbers (Arith.), those whose powers terminate in the
same digits as the roots themselves; as 5 and 6, whose squares are 25
and 36. Bailey. Barlow.
 -- Circular points at infinity (Geom.), two imaginary points at
infinite distance through which every circle in the plane is, in the
theory of curves, imagined to pass.
 -- Circular polarization. (Min.) See under Polarization.
 -- Circular or Globular sailing (Naut.), the method of sailing by
the arc of a great circle.
 -- Circular saw. See under Saw.

CIRCULAR
Cir"cu*lar, n. Etym: [Cf. (for sense 1) F. circulaire, lettre
circulaire. See Circular, a.]

1. A circular letter, or paper, usually printed, copies of which are
addressed or given to various persons; as, a business circular.

2. A sleeveless cloak, cut in circular form.

CIRCULARISE
circularise v.

1. to canvass by distributing letters.
Syn. -- circularize.
[WordNet 1.5]

2. to distribute circulars to.
Syn. -- circularize.
[WordNet 1.5]

3. to to pass around, as information.
Syn. -- circulate, circularize, distribute, disseminate, propagate,
broadcast, spread, diffuse, disperse.
[WordNet 1.5]

CIRCULARITY
Cir`cu*lar"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. circularitas.]

Defn: The quality or state of being circular; a circular form.

CIRCULARLY
Cir"cu*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a circular manner.

CIRCULARY
Cir"cu*la*ry, a.

Defn: Circular; illogical. [Obs. & .] "Cross and circulary speeches."
Hooker.

CIRCULATE
Cir"cu*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ciorculated; P. pr. & vb. n.
Circulating.] Etym: [L. circulatus, p. p. of circulare, v. t., to
surround, make round, circulari, v. i., to gather into a circle. See
Circle.]

1. To move in a circle or circuitously; to move round and return to
the same point; as, the blood circulates in the body. Boyle.

2. To pass from place to place, from person to person, or from hand
to hand; to be diffused; as, money circulates; a story circulates.

Circulating decimal. See Decimal.
 -- Circulating library, a library whose books are loaned to the
public, usually at certain fixed rates.
 -- Circulating medium. See Medium.

CIRCULATE
Cir"cu*late, v. t.

Defn: To cause to pass from place to place, or from person to person;
to spread; as, to circulate a report; to circulate bills of credit.
Circulating pump. See under Pump.

Syn.
 -- To spread; diffuse; propagate; disseminate.

CIRCULATION
Cir`cu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. circulatio: cf. F. circulation.]

1. The act of moving in a circle, or in a course which brings the
moving body to the place where its motion began.
This continual circulation of human things. Swift.

2. The act of passing from place to place or person to person; free
diffusion; transmission.
The true doctrines of astronomy appear to have had some popular
circulation. Whewell.

3. Currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc., current for coin.

4. The extent to which anything circulates or is circulated; the
measure of diffusion; as, the circulation of a newspaper.

5. (Physiol.)

Defn: The movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system, by
which it is brought into close relations with almost every living
elementary constituent. Also, the movement of the sap in the vessels
and tissues of plants.

CIRCULATIVE
Cir"cu*la*tive, a.

Defn: Promoting circulation; circulating. [R.] Coleridge.

CIRCULATOR
Cir"cu*la`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. L. circulator a peddler.]

Defn: One who, or that which, circulates.

CIRCULATORIOUS
Cir`cu*la*to"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Travelling from house to house or from town to town; itinerant.
[Obs.] "Circulatorious jugglers." Barrow.

CIRCULATORY
Cir"cu*la*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. circulatorius pert. to a mountebank:
cf. F. circulatoire.]

1. Circular; as, a circulatory letter. Johnson.

2. Circulating, or going round. T. Warton.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: Subserving the purposes of circulation; as, circulatory organs;
of or pertaining to the organs of circulation; as, circulatory
diseases.

CIRCULATORY
Cir"cu*la*to*ry, n.

Defn: A chemical vessel consisting of two portions unequally exposed
to the heat of the fire, and with connecting pipes or passages,
through which the fluid rises from the overheated portion, and
descends from the relatively colder, maintaining a circulation.

CIRCULET
Cir"cu*let, n.

Defn: A circlet. [Obs.] Spenser.

CIRCULINE
Cir"cu*line, a.

Defn: Proceeding in a circle; circular. [Obs.] "With motion
circuline". Dr. H. More.

CIRCUM-
Cir"cum-. Etym: [Akin to circle, circus.]

Defn: A Latin preposition, used as a prefix in many English words,
and signifying around or about.

CIRCUMAGITATE
Cir`cum*ag"i*tate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. circum + agitate.]

Defn: To agitate on all sides. Jer. Taylor.

CIRCUMAMBAGE
Cir`cum*am"bage, n. Etym: [Pref. circum- + ambage, obs. sing. of
ambages.]

Defn: A roundabout or indirect course; indirectness. [Obs.] S.
Richardson.

CIRCUMAMBIENCY
Cir`cum*am"bi*en*cy, n.

Defn: The act of surrounding or encompassing. Sir T. Browne.

CIRCUMAMBIENT
Cir`cum*am"bi*ent, a. Etym: [Pref. circum- + ambient.]

Defn: Surrounding; inclosing or being on all sides; encompassing.
"The circumambient heaven." J. Armstrong.

CIRCUMAMBULATE
Cir`cum*am"bu*late, v. t. Etym: [L. circumambulatus, p. p. of
circumambulare to walk around; circum + ambulare. See Ambulate.]

Defn: To walk round about.
 -- Cir`cum*am`bu*la"tion, n.

CIRCUMBENDIBUS
Cir`cum*bend"i*bus, n.

Defn: A roundabout or indirect way. [Jocular] Goldsmith.

CIRCUMCENTER
Cir`cum*cen"ter, n. (Geom.)

Defn: The center of a circle that circumscribes a triangle.

CIRCUMCISE
Cir"cum*cise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumcised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Circumcising.] Etym: [L. circumcisus, p. p. of circumcidere to cut
around, to circumcise; circum + caedere to cut; akin to E. cæsura,
homicide, concise, and prob. to shed, v. t.]

1. To cut off the prepuce of foreskin of, in the case of males, and
the internal labia of, in the case of females.

2. (Script.)

Defn: To purify spiritually.

CIRCUMCISER
Cir"cum*ci`ser, n.

Defn: One who performs circumcision. Milton.

CIRCUMCISION
Cir`cum*cision, n. Etym: [L. circumcisio.]

1. The act of cutting off the prepuce or foreskin of males, or the
internal labia of females.

Note: The circumcision of males is practiced as a religious rite by
the Jews, Mohammedans, etc.

2. (Script.)
(a) The Jews, as a circumcised people.
(b) Rejection of the sins of the flesh; spiritual purification, and
acceptance of the Christian faith.

CIRCUMCLUSION
Cir`cum*clu"sion, n. Etym: [L. circumcludere, -clusum, to inclose.]

Defn: Act of inclosing on all sides. [R.]

CIRCUMCURSATION
Cir`cum*cur*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. circumcursare, -satum, to run round
about.]

Defn: The act of running about; also, rambling language. [Obs.]
Barrow.

CIRCUMDENUDATION
Cir`cum*den`u*da"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. circum- + denudation.] (Geol.)

Defn: Denudation around or in the neighborhood of an object. Hills of
circumdenudation, hills which have been produced by surface erosion;
the elevations which have been left, after denudation of a mass of
high ground. Jukes.

CIRCUMDUCE
Cir`cum*duce", v. t. Etym: [See Circumduct.] (Scots Law)

Defn: To declare elapsed, as the time allowed for introducing
evidence. Sir W. Scott.

CIRCUMDUCT
Cir`cum*duct", v. t. Etym: [L. circumductus, p. p. of circumducere to
lead around; circum + ducere to lead.]

1. To lead about; to lead astray. [R.]

2. (Law)

Defn: To contravene; to nullify; as, to circumduct acts of
judicature. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

CIRCUMDUCTION
Cir`cum*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. circumductio.]

1. A leading about; circumlocution. [R.] Hooker.

2. An annulling; cancellation. [R.] Ayliffe.

3. (Phisiol.)

Defn: The rotation of a limb round an imaginary axis, so as to
describe a concial surface.

CIRCUMESOPHAGAL
Cir`cum*e*soph"a*gal, a. Etym: [Pref. circum + esophagal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Surrounding the esophagus; -- in Zool. said of the nerve
commissures and ganglia of arthropods and mollusks.

CIRCUMESOPHAGEAL
Cir`cum*e`so*phag"e*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Circumesophagal.

CIRCUMFER
Cir"cum*fer, v. t. Etym: [L. circumferre; circum + ferre to bear. See
lst Bear.]

Defn: To bear or carry round. [Obs.] Bacon.

CIRCUMFERENCE
Cir*cum"fer*ence, n. Etym: [L. circumferentia.]

1. The line that goes round or encompasses a circular figure; a
periphery. Millon.

2. A circle; anything circular.
His ponderous shield . . . Behind him cast. The broad circumference
Hung on his shoulders like the moon. Milton.

3. The external surface of a sphere, or of any orbicular body.

CIRCUMFERENCE
Cir*cum"fer*ence, v. t.

Defn: To include in a circular space; to bound. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

CIRCUMFERENTIAL
Cir*cum`fer*en"tial, a. Etym: [LL. circumferentialis.]

Defn: Pertaining to the circumference; encompassing; encircling;
circuitous. Parkhurst.

CIRCUMFERENTIALLY
Cir*cum`fer*en"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to surround or encircle.

CIRCUMFERENTOR
Cir*cum`fer*en"tor, n. Etym: [See Circumfer.]

1. A surveying instrument, for taking horizontal angles and bearings;
a surveyor's compass. It consists of a compass whose needle plays
over a circle graduated to 360º, and of a horizontal brass bar at the
ends of which are standards with narrow slits for sighting, supported
on a tripod by a ball and socket joint.

2. A graduated wheel for measuring tires; a tire circle.

CIRCUMFLANT
Cir"cum*flant, a. Etym: [L. circumflans, p. pr. of circumflare.]

Defn: Blowing around. [Obs.] Evelyn.

CIRCUMFLECT
Cir"cum*flect, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumflected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Circumflecting.] Etym: [L. circumflectere. See Circumflex.]

1. To bend around.

2. To mark with the circumflex accent, as a vowel. [R.]

CIRCUMFLECTION
Cir`cum*flec"tion, n.

Defn: See Circumflexion.

CIRCUMFLEX
Cir"cum*flex, n. Etym: [L. circumflexus a bending round, fr.
circumflectere, circumflexum, to bend or turn about; circum +
flectere to bend. See Flexible.]

1. A wave of the voice embracing both a rise and fall or a fall and a
rise on the same a syllable. Walker.

2. A character, or accent, denoting in Greek a rise and of the voice
on the same long syllable, marked thus [~ or Accent, n., 2.

CIRCUMFLEX
Cir"cum*flex, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumflexed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Circumflexing.]

Defn: To mark or pronounce with a circumflex. Walker.

CIRCUMFLEX
Cir"cum*flex, a. Etym: [Cf. L. circumflexus, p. p.]

1. Moving or turning round; circuitous. [R.] Swift.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Curved circularly; -- applied to several arteries of the hip
and thigh, to arteries, veins, and a nerve of the shoulder, and to
other parts.

CIRCUMFLEXION
Cir`cum*flex"ion, n.

1. The act of bending, or causing to assume a curved form.

2. A winding about; a turning; a circuity; a fold.

CIRCUMFLUENCE
Cir*cum"flu*ence, n.

Defn: A flowing round on all sides; an inclosing with a fluid.

CIRCUMFLUENT; CIRCUMFLUOUS
Cir*cum"flu*ent, Cir*cum"flu*ous, a. Etym: [L. circumfluere, p. pr.
of circumfluere; circum + fluere to flow; also L. circumfluus.]

Defn: Flowing round; surrounding in the manner of a fluid. "The deep,
circumfluent waves." Pope.

CIRCUMFORANEAN; CIRCUMFORANEOUS
Cir`cum*fo*ra"ne*an, Cir`cum*fo*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L.
circumforaneus found in markets; circum + forum a market place.]

Defn: Going about or abroad; walking or wandering from house to
house. Addison.

CIRCUMFULGENT
Cir`cum*ful"gent, a. Etym: [Pref. circum- + fulgent.]

Defn: Shining around or about.

CIRCUMFUSE
Cir`cum*fuse", v. t. Etym: [L. circumfusus, p. p. of circumfundere to
pour around; circum + fundere to pour.]

Defn: To pour round; to spread round.
His army circumfused on either wing. Milton.

CIRCUMFUSILE
Cir`cum*fu"sile, a. Etym: [Pref. circum- + L. fusilis fusil, a.]

Defn: Capable of being poured or spread round. "Circumfusile gold."
Pope.

CIRCUMFUSION
Cir`cum*fu"sion, n. Etym: [L. circumfusio.]

Defn: The act of pouring or spreading round; the state of being
spread round. Swift.

CIRCUMGESTATION
Cir`cum*ges*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. circumgestare to carry around;
circum + gestare to carry.]

Defn: The act or process of carrying about. [Obs.]
Circumgestation of the eucharist to be adored. Jer. Taylor.

CIRCUMGYRATE
Cir`cum*gy"rate, v. t. & i. Etym: [Pref. circum- + gyrate.]

Defn: To roll or turn round; to cause to perform a rotary or circular
motion. Ray.

CIRCUMGYRATION
Cir`cum*gy*ra"tion, n.

Defn: The act of turning, rolling, or whirling round.
A certain turbulent and irregular circumgyration. Holland.

CIRCUMGYRATORY
Cir`cum*gy"ra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Moving in a circle; turning round. Hawthorne.

CIRCUMGYRE
Cir`cum*gyre", v. i.

Defn: To circumgyrate. [Obs.]

CIRCUMINCESSION
Cir`cum*in*ces"sion, n. Etym: [Pref. circum- + L. incedere, incessum,
to walk.] (Theol.)

Defn: The reciprocal existence in each other of the three persons of
the Trinity.

CIRCUMJACENCE
Cir`cum*ja"cence, n.

Defn: Condition of being circumjacent, or of bordering ou every side.

CIRCUMJACENT
Cir`cum*ja"cent, a. Etym: [L. circumjacens, p. pr. of circumjacere;
circum + jac to lie.]

Defn: Lying round; borderong on every side. T. Fuller.

CIRCUMJOVIAL
Cir`cum*jo"vi*al, n. Etym: [Pref. circum- + L. Jupiter, gen. Jovis,
Jove.]

Defn: One of the moons or satellites of the planet Jupiter. [Obs.]
Derham.

CIRCUMLITTORAL
Cir`cum*lit"to*ral, a. Etym: [Pref. circum- + littus, littoris,
shore; preferable form, litus, litoria.]

Defn: Adjointing the shore.

CIRCUMLOCUTION
Cir`cum*lo*cu"tion, n. Etym: [L. circumlocutio, fr. circumloqui, -
locutus, to make use of circumlocution; circum + loqui to speak. See
Loquacious.]

Defn: The use of many words to express an idea that might be
expressed by few; indirect or roundabout language; a periphrese.
the plain Billingagate way of calling names . . . would save
abundance of time lost by circumlocution. Swift.
Circumlocution office, a term of riducle for a governmental office
where business is delayed by passing through the hands of different
officials.

CIRCUMLOCUTIONAL
Cir`cum*lo*cu"tion*al, a.

Defn: Relating to, or consisting of, circumlocutions; periphrastic;
circuitous.

CIRCUMLOCUTORY
Cir`cum*loc"u*to*ry, a.

Defn: Characterised by circumlocution; periphrastic. Shenstone.
The officials set to work in regular circumlocutory order. Chambers's
Journal.

CIRCUMMERIDIAN
Cir`cum*me*rid"i*an, a. Etym: [Pref. circum- + meridian.]

Defn: About, or near, the meridian.

CIRCUMMURE
Cir`cum*mure", v. t. Etym: [Pref. circum- + mure, v. t.]

Defn: To encompass with a wall. Shak.

CIRCUMNAVIGABLE
Cir`cum*nav"i*ga*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being sailed round. Ray.

CIRCUMNAVIGATE
Cir`cum*nav"i*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumnavigated; p. pr. & vb.
n. Circumnavigating.] Etym: [L. circumnavigatus, p. p. of
circumnavigare to sail round; circum + navigare to navigate.]

Defn: To sail completely round.
Having circumnavigated the whole earth. T. Fuller.

CIRCUMNAVIGATION
Cir`cum*nav`i*ga"tion, n.

Defn: The act of circumnavigating, or sailing round. Arbuthnot.

CIRCUMNAVIGATOR
Cir`cum*nav"iga`tor, n.

Defn: One who sails round. W. Guthrie.

CIRCUMNUTATE
Cir`cum*nu"tate, v. i. Etym: [Pref. circum- + nutate.]

Defn: To pass through the stages of circumnutation.

CIRCUMNUTATION
Cir`cum*nu*ta"tion, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The successive bowing or bending in different directions of the
growing tip of the stems of many plants, especially seen in climbing
plants.

CIRCUMPOLAR
Cir`cum*po"lar, a. Etym: [Pref. circum- + polar.]

Defn: About the pole; -- applied to stars that revolve around the
pole without setting; as, circumpolar stars.

CIRCUMPOSITION
Cir`cum*po*si"tion, n. Etym: [L. circumpositio, fr. circumponere, -
positium, to place around.]

Defn: The act of placing in a circle, or round about, or the state of
being so placed. Evelyn.

CIRCUMROTARY; CIRCUMROTATORY
Cir`cum*ro"tary, Cir`cum*ro"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. circum- +
rotary, rotatory.]

Defn: turning, rolling, or whirling round.

CIRCUMROTATE
Cir`cum*ro"tate, v. t. & i. Etym: [L. circumrotare; circum + rotare
to turn round.]

Defn: To rotate about. [R.]

CIRCUMROTATION
Cir`cum*ro*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of rolling or revolving round, as a wheel;
circumvolution; the state of being whirled round. J. Gregory.

CIRCUMSCISSILE
Cir`cum*scis"sile, a. Etym: [Pref. circum- + scissle.] (Bot.)

Defn: Dehiscing or opening by a transverse fissure extending around
(a capsule or pod). See Illust. of Pyxidium.

CIRCUMSCRIBABLE
Cir`cum*scrib"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being circumscribed.

CIRCUMSCRIBE
Cir`cum*scribe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumscribed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Circumscribing.] Etym: [L. circumscribere, -scriptum; circum +
scribere to write, draw. See Soribe.]

1. to write or engare around. [R.]
Thereon is circumscribed this epitaph. Ashmole.

2. To inclose within a certain limit; to hem in; to surround; to
bound; to confine; to restrain.
To circumscribe royal power. Bancroft.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: To draw a line around si as to touch at certain points without
cutting. See Inscribe, 5.

Syn.
 -- To bound; limit; restrict; confine; abridge; restrain; environ;
encircle; inclose; encompass.

CIRCUMSCRIBER
Cir`cum*scrib"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, circumscribes.

CIRCUMSCRIPTIBLE
Cir`cum*scrip"ti*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being circumscribed or limited by bounds.

CIRCUMSCRIPTION
Cir`cum*scrip"tion, n. Etym: [L. circumscriptio. See Circumscribe.]

1. An inscription written around anything. [R.] Ashmole.

2. The exterior line which determines the form or magnitude of a
body; outline; periphery. Ray.

3. The act of limiting, or the state of being limited, by conditions
or restraints; bound; confinement; limit.
The circumscriptions of terrestrial nature. Johnson.
I would not my unhoused, free condition Put into circumscription and
confine. Shak.

CIRCUMSCRIPTIVE
Cir`cum*scrip"tive, a.

Defn: Circumscribing or tending to circumscribe; marcing the limits
or form of.

CIRCUMSCRIPTIVELY
Cir`cum*scrip"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a limited manner.

CIRCUMSCRIPTLY
Cir"cum*script`ly, adv.

Defn: In a literal, limited, or narrow manner. [R.] Milton.

CIRCUMSPECT
Cir"cum*spect, a. Etym: [L. circumspectus, p. p. of circumspicere to
look about one's self, to observe; circum + spicere, specere, to
look. See Spy.]

Defn: Attentive to all the circustances of a case or the probable
consequences of an action; cautious; prudent; wary.

Syn.
 -- See Cautious.

CIRCUMSPECTION
Cir`cum*spec"tion, n. Etym: [L. circumspectio.]

Defn: Attention to all the facts and circumstances of a case;
caution; watchfulness.
With silent circumspection, unespied. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Caution; prudence; watchfulness; deliberation; thoughtfulness;
wariness; forecast.

CIRCUMSPECTIVE
Cir`cum*spec"tive, a.

Defn: Looking around everi way; cautious; careful of consequences;
watchful of danger. "Circumspective eyes." Pope.

CIRCUMSPECTIVELY
Cir`cum*spec"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: Circumspectly.

CIRCUMSPECTLY
Cir"cum*spect"ly, adv.

Defn: In a circumspect manner; cautiously; warily.

CIRCUMSPECTNESS
Cir"cum*spect"ness, n.

Defn: Vigilance un guarding against evil from every quarter; caution.
[Travel] forces circumspectness on those abroad, who at home are
nursed in security. Sir H. Wotton.

CIRCUMSTANCE
Cir"cum*stance, n. Etym: [L. circumstantia, fr. circumstans, -antis,
p. pr. of circumstare to stand around; circum + stare to stand. See
Stand.]

1. That which attends, or relates to, or in some way affects, a fact
or event; an attendant thing or state of things.
The circumstances are well known in the country where they happened.
W. Irving.

2. An event; a fact; a particular incident.
The sculptor had in his thoughts the conqoeror weeping for new
worlds, or the like circumstances in histery. Addison.

3. Circumlocution; detail. [Obs.]
So without more circumstance at all I hold it fit that shake hands
and part. Shak.

4. pl.

Defn: Condition in regard to worldly estate; state of property;
situation; surroundings.
When men are easy in their circumstances, they are naturally enemies
to innovations. Addison.
Not a circumstance, of no account. [Colloq.] -- Under the
circumstances, taking all things into consideration.

Syn.
 -- Event; occurrence; incident; situation; condition; position;
fact; detail; item. See Event.

CIRCUMSTANCE
Cir"cum*stance, v. t.

Defn: To place in a particular situation; to suppy relative
incidents.
The poet took the matters of fact as they came down to him and
circumstanced them, after his own manner. Addison.

CIRCUMSTANCED
Cir"cum*stanced, p. a.

1. Placed in a particular position or condition; situated.
The proposition is, that two bodies so circumstanced will balance
each other. Whewell.

2. Governed by events or circumstances. [Poetic & R.] "I must be
circumstanced." Shak.

CIRCUMSTANT
Cir"cum*stant, a. Etym: [L. circumstans. See Circumstance.]

Defn: Standing or placed around; surrounding. [R.] "Circumstant
bodies." Sir K. Digby.

CIRCUMSTANTIABLE
Cir`cum*stan"tia*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being circumstantiated. [Obs.] Jer Taylor.

CIRCUMSTANTIAL
Cir`cum*stan"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. circonstanciel.]

1. Consisting in, or pertaining to, circumstances or particular
incidents.
The usual character of human testimony is substantial truth under
circumstantial variety. Paley.

2. Incidental; relating to, but not essential.
We must therefore distinguish between the essentials in religious
worship . . . and what is merely circumstantial. Sharp.

3. Abounding with circumstances; detailing or exhibiting all the
circumstances; minute; particular.
Tedious and circumstantial recitals. Prior.
Circumstantial evidence (Law), evidence obtained from circumstances,
which necessarily or usually attend facts of a particular nature,
from which arises presumption. According to some authorities
circumstantial is distinguished from positive evidence in that the
latter is the testimony of eyewitnesses to a fact or the admission of
a party; but the prevalent opinion now is that all such testimony is
dependent on circumstances for its support. All testimony is more or
less circumstantial. Wharton.

Syn.
 -- See Minute.

CIRCUMSTANTIAL
Cir`cum*stan"tial, n.

Defn: Something incidental to the main subject, but of less
importance; opposed to an essential; -- generally in the plural; as,
the circumstantials of religion. Addison.

CIRCUMSTANTIALITY
Cir`cum*stan`ti*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state, characteristic, or quality of being circumstantial;
particularity or minuteness of detail. "I will endeavor to describe
with sufficient circumstantiality." De Quincey.

CIRCUMSTANTIALLY
Cir`cum*stan"tial*ly, adv.

1. In respect to circumstances; not essentially; accidentally.
Of the fancy and intellect, the powers are only circumstantially
different. Glanvill.

2. In every circumstance or particular; minutely.
To set down somewhat circumstantially, not only the events, but the
manner of my trials. Boyle.

CIRCUMSTANTIATE
Cir`cum*stan"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumstantiated; p. pr. &
vb. n. Circumstantiating.] Etym: [See Circumstantiating (

1. To place in particular circumstances; to invest with particular
accidents or adjuncts. [R.]
If the act were otherwise circumstantiated, it might will that freely
which now it wills reluctantly. Bramhall.

2. To prove or confirm by circumstances; to entr into details
concerning.
Neither will time permint to circumstantiate these particulars, which
I have only touched in the general. State Trials (1661).

CIRCUMTERRANEOUS
Cir`cum*ter*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. circum- + L. terra earth.]

Defn: Being or dwelling around the earth. "Circumterraneous demouns."
H. Hallywell.

CIRCUMUNDULATE
Cir`cum*un"du*late, v. t. Etym: [Pref. circum- + undulate.]

Defn: To flow round, as waves. [R.]

CIRCUMVALLATE
Cir`cum*val"late, v. t. Etym: [L. circumvallatus, p. p. of
circumvallare to surround with a wall; circum + vallare to wall, fr.
vallum rampart.]

Defn: To surround with a rampart or wall. Johnson.

CIRCUMVALLATE
Cir`cum*val"late, a.

1. Surrounded with a wall; inclosed with a rampart.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Surrounded by a ridle or elevation; as, the circumvallate
papillæ, near the base of the tongue.

CIRCUMVALLATION
Cir`cum*val*la"tion, n. (Mil.)
(a) The act of surrounding with a wall or rampart.
(b) A line of field works made around a besieged place and the
besieging army, to protect the camp of the besiegers against the
attack of an enemy from without.

CIRCUMVECTION
Cir`cum*vec"tion, n. Etym: [L. circumvectio; circum + vehere to
carry.]

Defn: The act of carrying anything around, or the state of being so
carried.

CIRCUMVENT
Cir`cum*vent", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumvented; p. pr. vb. n.
Circumventing.] Etym: [L. circumventis, p. p. of circumvenire, to
come around, encompass, decieve; circum + venire to come, akin to E.
come.]

Defn: To gain advantage over by arts, stratagem, or deception; to
decieve; to delude; to get around.
I circumvented whom I could not gain. Dryden.

CIRCUMVENTION
Cir`cum*ven"tion, n. Etym: [L. circumventio.]

Defn: The act of prevailing over another by arts, address, or fraud;
deception; fraud; imposture; delusion.
A school in which he learns sly circumvention. Cowper.

CIRCUMVENTIVE
Cir`cum*vent"ive, a.

Defn: Tending to circumvent; deceiving by artifices; deluding.

CIRCUMVENTOR
Cir`cum*vent"or, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who circumvents; one who gains his purpose by cunning.

CIRCUMVEST
Cir`cum*vest", v. t. Etym: [L. circumvestire; circum + vestire to
clothe.]

Defn: To cover round, as woth a garment; to invest. [Obs.]
Circumvested with much prejudice. Sir H. Wotton.

CIRCUMVOLANT
Cir*cum"vo*lant, a. Etym: [L. circumvolans, p. pr. See
Circumvolation.]

Defn: Flying around.
The circumvolant troubles of humanity. G. Macdonald.

CIRCUMVOLATION
Cir`cum*vo*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. circumvolate. -volatum, to fly
around; circum + volare to fly.]

Defn: The act of flying round. [R.]

CIRCUMVOLUTION
Cir`cum*vo*lu"tion, n. Etym: [See Circumvolve.]

1. The act of rolling round; the state of being rolled.

2. A thing rolled round another. Arbuthnot.

3. A roundabout procedure; a circumlocution.
He had neither time nor temper for sentimental circumvolutions.
Beaconsfield.

CIRCUMVOLVE
Cir`cum*volve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumvolved; p. pr. vb. n.
Circumvolving.] Etym: [L. circumvolvere, -volutum; circum + volvere
to roll.]

Defn: To roll round; to cause to revolve; to put into a circular
motion. Herrick.

CIRCUMVOLVE
Cir`cum*volve", v. i.

Defn: To roll round; to revolve.

CIRCUS
Cir"cus, n.; pl. Circuses. Etym: [L. circus circle, ring, circus (in
sense 1). See Circle, and cf. Cirque.]

1. (Roman Antiq.)

Defn: A level oblong space surrounded on three sides by seats of
wood, earth, or stone, rising in tiers one above another, and divided
lengthwise through the middle by a barrier around which the track or
course was laid out. It was used for chariot races, games, and public
shows.

Note: The Circus Maximus at Rome could contain more than 100,000
spectators. Harpers' Latin Dict.

2. A circular inclosure for the exhibition of feats of horsemanship,
acrobatic displays, etc. Also, the company of performers, with their
equipage.

3. Circuit; space; inclosure. [R.]
The narrow circus of my dungeon wall. Byron.

CIRL BUNTING
Cirl" bun`ting. Etym: [Cf. It. cirlo.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European bunting (Emberiza cirlus).

CIRQUE
Cirque, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. circus.]

1. A circle; a circus; a circular erection or arrangement of objects.
A dismal cirque Of Druid stones upon a forlorn moor. Keats.

2. A kind of circular valley in the side of a mountain, walled around
by precipices of great height.

CIRRATE
Cir"rate, a. Etym: [L. cirratus having ringlets, fr. cirrus a curl.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Having cirri along the margin of a part or organ.

CIRRHIFEROUS
Cir*rhif"er*ous, a.

Defn: See Cirriferous.

CIRRHOSE
Cir"rhose, a.

Defn: Same as Cirrose.

CIRRHOSIS
Cir*rho"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. cirrhose. So called from the
yellowish appearance which the diseased liver often presents when
cut.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease of the liver in which it usually becomes smaller in
size and more dense and fibrous in consistence; hence sometimes
applied to similar changes in other organs, caused by increase in the
fibrous framework and decrease in the proper substance of the organ.

CIRRHOTIC
Cir*rhot"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, caused by, or affected with, cirrhosis; as,
cirrhotic degeneration; a cirrhotic liver.

CIRRHOUS
Cir"rhous, a.

Defn: See Cirrose.

CIRRHUS
Cir"rhus, n.

Defn: Same as Cirrus.

CIRRI
Cir"ri, n. pl.

Defn: See Cirrus.

CIRRIFEROUS
Cir*rif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Cirrus + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing cirri, as many plants and animals.

CIRRIFORM
Cir"ri*form, a. Etym: [Cirrus + -form.] (Biol.)

Defn: Formed like a cirrus or tendril; -- said of appendages of both
animals and plants.

CIRRIGEROUS
Cir*rig"er*ous, a. Etym: [Cirrus + -gerous.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having curled locks of hair; supporting cirri, or hairlike
appendages.

CIRRIGRADE
Cir"ri*grade, a. Etym: [Cirrus + L. gradi to walk.] (Biol.)

Defn: Moving or moved by cirri, or hairlike appendages.

CIRRIPED
Cir"ri*ped, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Cirripedia.

CIRRIPEDIA
Cir`ri*pe"di*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. cirrus curl + pes, pedis,
foot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Crustacea including the barnacles. When adult, they
have a calcareous shell composed of several pieces. From the opening
of the shell the animal throws out a group of curved legs, looking
like a delicate curl, whence the name of the group. See Anatifa.

CIRROBRANCHIATA
Cir`ro*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. E. cirrus + L. branchiae
gills.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Mollusca having slender, cirriform appendages
near the mouth; the Scaphopoda.

CIRRO-CUMULUS
Cir`ro-cu"mu*lus, n. Etym: [Cirrus + cumulus.] (Meteor.)

Defn: See under Cloud.

CIRROSE
Cir"rose, a. Etym: [See Cirrus.] (Bot.)
(a) Bearing a tendril or tendrils; as, a cirrose leaf.
(b) Resembling a tendril or cirrus. [Spelt also cirrhose.]

CIRROSTOMI
Cir`ros"to*mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. E. cirrus + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lowest group of vertebrates; -- so called from the cirri
around the mouth; the Leptocardia. See Amphioxus.

CIRRO-STRATUS
Cir`ro-stra"tus, n. Etym: [Cirrus + stratus.] (Meteor.)

Defn: See under Cloud.

CIRROUS
Cir"rous, a.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Cirrose.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Tufted; -- said of certain feathers of birds.

CIRRUS
Cir"rus, n.; pl. Cirri. Etym: [L., lock, curl, ringlet.] [Also
written cirrhus.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A tendril or clasper.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A soft tactile appendage of the mantle of many Mollusca, and of
the parapodia of Annelida. Those near the head of annelids are
Tentacular cirri; those of the last segment are caudal cirri.
(b) The jointed, leglike organs of Cirripedia. See Annelida, and
Polychæta.

Note: In some of the inferior animals the cirri aid in locomotion; in
others they are used in feeding; in the Annelida they are mostly
organs of touch. Some cirri are branchial in function.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The external male organ of trematodes and some other worms, and
of certain Mollusca.

4. (Meteor.)

Defn: See under Cloud.

CIRSOCELE
Cir"so*cele, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The varicose dilatation of the spermatic vein.

CIRSOID
Cir"soid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Med.)

Defn: Varicose. Cirsoid aneurism, a disease of an artery in which it
becomes dilated and elongated, like a varicose vein.

CIRSOTOMY
Cir*sot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: Any operation for the removal of varices by incision.
Dunglison.

CIS-
Cis-.

Defn: A Latin preposition, sometimes used as a prefix in English
words, and signifying on this side.

CISALPINE
Cis*al"pine, a. Etym: [L. Cisalpinus; cis on this side + Alpinus
Alpine.]

Defn: On the hither side of the Alps with reference to Rome, that is,
on the south side of the Alps; -- opposed to transalpine.

CISATLANTIC
Cis`at*lan"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. cis- + Atlantic.]

Defn: On this side of the Atlantic Ocean; -- used of the eastern or
the western side, according to the standpoint of the writer. Story.

CISCO
Cis"co, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Lake herring (Coregonus Artedi), valuable food fish of the
Great Lakes of North America. The name is also applied to C. Hoyi, a
related species of Lake Michigan.

CISELURE
Ci`se*lure", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The process of chasing on metals; also, the work thus chased.
Weale.

CISLEITHAN
Cis*lei"than, a. Etym: [Pref. cis- + Leitha.]

Defn: On the Austrian side of the river Leitha; Austrian.

CISMONTANE
Cis*mon"tane, a. Etym: [Pref. cis- + L. mons mountain.]

Defn: On this side of the mountains. See under Ultramontane.

CISPADANE
Cis"pa*dane`, a. Etym: [Pref. cis- + L. Padanus, pert. to the Padus
or Po.]

Defn: On the hither side of the river Po with reference to Rome; that
is, on the south side.

CISSOID
Cis"soid, n. Etym: [Gr. (Geom.)

Defn: A curve invented by Diocles, for the purpose of solving two
celebrated problems of the higher geometry; viz., to trisect a plane
angle, and to construct two geometrical means between two given
straight lines.

CIST
Cist, n. Etym: [L. cista box, chest, Gr. Chest.]

1. (Antiq.)

Defn: A box or chest. Specifically: (a) A bronze receptacle, round or
oval, frequently decorated with engravings on the sides and cover,
and with feet, handles, etc., of decorative castings. (b) A cinerary
urn. See Illustration in Appendix.

2. See Cyst.

CISTED
Cist"ed, a.

Defn: Inclosed in a cyst. See Cysted.

CISTERCIAN
Cis*ter"cian, n. Etym: [LL. Cistercium. F. Cîteaux, a convent not far
from Dijon, in France: cf. F. cistercien.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A monk of the prolific branch of the Benedictine Order,
established in 1098 at Cîteaux, in France, by Robert, abbot of
Molesme. For two hundred years the Cistercians followed the rule of
St. Benedict in all its rigor.
 -- a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Cistercians.

CISTERN
Cis"tern, n. Etym: [OE. cisterne, OF. cisterne, F. cisterne, fr. L.
cisterna, fr. cista box, chest. See Cist, and cf. chest.]

1. An artificial reservoir or tank for holding water, beer, or other
liquids.

2. A natural reservoir; a hollow place containing water. "The wide
cisterns of the lakes." Blackmore.

CISTIC
Cist"ic, a.

Defn: See Cystic.

CIT
Cit (, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. citizen.]

Defn: A citizen; an inhabitant of a city; a pert townsman; -- used
contemptuously. "Insulted as a cit". Johnson
Which past endurance sting the tender cit. Emerson.

CITABLE
Cit"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being cited.

CITADEL
Cit"a*del, n. Etym: [F. citadelle, It. citadella, dicitt city, fr. L.
civitas. See City.]

Defn: A fortress in or near a fortified city, commanding the city and
fortifications, and intended as a final point of defense. Syn. -
Stronghold. See Fortress.

CITAL
Cit"al, n. Etym: [From Cite]

1. Summons to appear, as before a judge. [R.] Johnson

2. Citation; quotation [R.] Johnson.

CITATION
Ci*ta"tion, n. Etym: [F. citation, LL. citatio, fr.L. citare to cite.
See Cite]

1. An official summons or notice given to a person to appear; the
paper containing such summons or notice.

2. The act of citing a passage from a book, or from another person,
in his own words; also, the passage or words quoted; quotation.
This horse load of citations and fathers. Milton.

3. Enumeration; mention; as, a citation of facts.

4. (Law)

Defn: A reference to decided cases, or books of authority, to prove a
point in law.

CITATOR
Ci*ta"tor, n.

Defn: One who cites. [R]

CITATORY
Ci"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [LL. citatirius.]

Defn: Having the power or form of a citation; as, letters citatory.

CITE
Cite, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cited; p. pr. & vb. n. Citing] Etym: [F.
citer, fr. L. citare, intens. of cire, ciere, to put in motion, to
excite; akin to Gr.

1. To call upon officially or authoritatively to appear, as before a
court; to summon.
The cited dead, Of all past ages, to the general doom Shall hasten.
Milton.
Cited by finger of God. De Quincey.

2. To urge; to enjoin. [R.] Shak.

3. To quote; to repeat, as a passage from a book, or the words of
another.
The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose. Shak.

4. To refer to or specify, as for support, proof, illustration, or
confirmation.
The imperfections which you have cited. Shak.

5. To bespeak; to indicate. [Obs.]
Aged honor cites a virtuous youth. Shak.

6. (Law)

Defn: To notify of a proceeding in court. Abbot

Syn.
 -- To quote; mention, name; refer to; adduce; select; call; summon.
See Quote.

CITER
Cit"er, n.

Defn: One who cites.

CITESS
Cit"ess, n. Etym: [From Cit.]

Defn: A city woman [R.]

CITHARA
Cith"a*ra, n. Etym: [L. Cf. Cittern, Guitar.] (Mus.)

Defn: An ancient instrument resembling the harp.

CITHARISTIC
Cith`a*ris"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining, or adapted, to the cithara.

CITHERN
Cith"ern, n.

Defn: See Cittern.

CITICISM
Cit"i*cism, n. Etym: [From cit.]

Defn: The manners of a cit or citizen.

CITIED
Cit"ied, a.

1. Belonging to, or resembling, a city. "Smoky, citied towns" [R.]
Drayton.

2. Containing, or covered with, cities. [R.] "The citied earth."
Keats.

CITIFIED
Cit"i*fied, a. Etym: [City +-fy.]

Defn: Aping, or having, the manners of a city.

CITIGRADAE
Cit`i*gra"dæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. citus swift (p. p. of cire,
ciere, to move) + gradi to walk. See Cite.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Arachnoidea, including the European tarantula and
the wolf spiders (Lycosidae) and their allies, which capture their
prey by rapidly running and jumping. See Wolf spider.

CITIGRADE
Cit"i*grade, a. Etym: [Cf. F. citigrade.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Citigradæ.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Citigradæ.

CITINER
Cit"i*ner, n.

Defn: One who is born or bred in a city; a citizen. [Obs.] Champan.

CITIZEN
Cit"i*zen, n. Etym: [OE. citisein, OF. citeain, F. citoyen, fr. cité
city. See City, and cf. Cit.]

1. One who enjoys the freedom and privileges of a city; a freeman of
a city, as distinguished from a foreigner, or one not entitled to its
franchises.
That large body of the working men who were not counted as citizens
and had not so much as a vote to serve as an anodyne to their
stomachs. G. Eliot.

2. An inhabitant of a city; a townsman. Shak.

3. A person, native or naturalized, of either sex, who owes
allegiance to a government, and is entitled to reciprocal protection
from it.

Note: This protection is . . . national protection, recognition of
the individual, in the face of foreign nations, as a member of the
state, and assertion of his security and rights abroad as well as at
home. Abbot

4. One who is domiciled in a country, and who is a citizen, though
neither native nor naturalized, in such a sense that he takes his
legal status from such country.

CITIZEN
Cit"i*zen, a.

1. Having the condition or qualities of a citizen, or of citizens;
as, a citizen soldiery.

2. Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of a city; characteristic of
citizens; effeminate; luxurious. [Obs.]
I am not well, But not so citizen a wanton as To seem to die ere
sick. Shak.

CITIZENESS
Cit"i*zen*ess, n.

Defn: A female citizen. [R.]

CITIZENSHIP
Cit"i*zen*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a citizen; the status of a citizen.

CITOLE
Cit"ole, n. Etym: [OF. citole, fr. L. cithara. See Cittern.] (Mus.)

Defn: A musical instrument; a kind of dulcimer. [Obs.]

CITRACONIC
Cit`ra*con"ic, a. Etym: [Citric + aconitic.]

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or having certain characteristics
of, citric and aconitic acids. Citraconic acid (Chem.), a white,
crystalline, deliquescent substance, C3H4(CO2H)2, obtained by
distillation of citric acid. It is a compound of the ethylene series.

CITRANGE
Cit"range, n.  [Citrus + orange.]

Defn: A citrous fruit produced by a cross between the sweet orange
and the trifoliate orange (Citrus trifoliata). It is more acid and
has a more pronounced aroma than the orange; the tree is hardier.
There are several varieties.

CITRATE
Cit"rate, n. Etym: [From Citric.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of citric acid.

CITRIC
Cit"ric, a. Etym: [Cf. F. citrique. See Citron.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the citron or lemon; as,
citric acid. Citric acid (Chem.), an organic acid, C3H4OH.(CO2H)3,
extracted from lemons, currants, gooseberies, etc., as a white
crystalline substance, having a pleasant sour taste.

CITRINATION
Cit`ri*na"tion, n. Etym: [See Citrine.]

Defn: The process by which anything becomes of the color of a lemon;
esp., in alchemy, the state of perfection in the philosopher's stone
indicated by its assuming a deep yellow color. Thynne.

CITRINE
Cit"rine, a. Etym: [F. citrin. See Citron.]

Defn: Like a citron or lemon; of a lemon color; greenish yellow.
Citrine ointment (Med.), a yellowish mercurial ointment, the
unquentum hydrargyri nitratis.

CITRINE
Cit"rine, n.

Defn: A yellow, pellucid variety of quartz.

CITRON
Cit"ron, n. Etym: [F. citron, LL. citro, fr. L. citrus citron tree
(cf. citreum, sc. malum, a citron), from Gr.

1. (Bot)

Defn: A fruit resembling a lemon, but larger, and pleasantly
aromatic. The thick rind, when candied, is the citron of commerce.

2. A citron tree.

3. A citron melon. Citron melon. (a) A small variety of muskmelon
with sugary greenish flesh. (b) A small variety of watermelon, whose
solid white flesh is used in making sweetmeats and preserves.
 -- Citron tree (Bot.), the tree which bears citrons. It was probably
a native of northern India, and is now understood to be the typical
form of Citrus Medica.

CITRUS
Cit"rus, n. Etym: [L., a citron tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees including the orange, lemon, citron, etc.,
originally natives of southern Asia.

CITTERN
Cit"tern, n. Etym: [L.cithara, Gr. Cithara, Gittern.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument shaped like a lute, but strung with wire and
played with a quill or plectrum. [Written also cithern.] Shak.

Note: Not to be confounded with zither.

CITTERN-HEAD
Cit"tern-head`, n.

Defn: Blockhead; dunce; -- so called because the handle of a cittern
usually ended with a carved head. Marsion

CITY
Cit"y (, n.; pl. Cities. Etym: [OE. cite, F. citcivitas citizenship,
state, city, fr. civis citizen; akin to Goth. heiwa (in heiwafrauja
man of the house), AS. heirath marriage, prop., providing a house, E.
hind a peasant.]

1. A large town.

2. A corporate town; in the United States, a town or collective body
of inhabitants, incorporated and governed by a mayor and aldermen or
a city council consisting of a board of aldermen and a common
council; in Great Britain, a town corporate, which is or has been the
seat of a bishop, or the capital of his see.
A city is a town incorporated; which is, or has been, the see of a
bishop; and though the bishopric has been dissolved, as at
Westminster, it yet remaineth a city. Blackstone
When Gorges constituted York a city, he of course meant it to be the
seat of a bishop, for the word city has no other meaning in English
law. Palfrey

3. The collective body of citizens, or inhabitants of a city. "What
is the city but the people" Shak.

Syn.
 -- See Village.

CITY
Cit"y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a city. Shak. City council. See under
Council.
 -- City court, The municipal court of a city. [U. S.] -- City ward,
a watchman, or the collective watchmen, of a city. [Obs.] Fairfax.

CIVE
Cive, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Chive.

CIVET
Civ"et, n. Etym: [F. civette (cf. It. zibetto) civet, civet cat, fr.
LGr. zub, zab, civet.]

1. A substance, of the consistence of butter or honey, taken from
glands in the anal pouch of the civet (Viverra civetta). It is of
clear yellowish or brownish color, of a strong, musky odor, offensive
when undiluted, but agreeble when a small portion is mixed with
another substance. It is used as a perfume.

2. (Zoöl)

Defn: The animal that produces civet (Viverra civetta); -- called
also civet cat. It is carnivorous, from two to three feet long, and
of a brownish gray color, with transverse black bands and spots on
the body and tail. It is a native of northern Africa and of Asia. The
name is also applied to other species.

CIVET
Civ"et, v. t.

Defn: To scent or perfume with civet. Cowper

CIVIC
Civ"ic, a. Etym: [L.civicus, fr. civis citizen. See City.]

Defn: Relating to, or derived from, a city or citizen; relating to
man as a member of society, or to civil affairs. Civic crown (Rom.
Antiq.), a crown or garland of oak leaves and acorns, bestowed on a
soldier who had saved the life of a citizen in battle.

CIVICISM
Civ"i*cism, n.

Defn: The principle of civil government.

CIVICS
Civ"ics, n.

Defn: The science of civil government.

CIVIL
Civ"il, a. Etym: [L. civilis, fr. civis citizen: cf. F. civil. See
City.]

1. Pertaining to a city or state, or to a citizen in his relations to
his fellow citizens or to the state; within the city or state.

2. Subject to government; reduced to order; civilized; not barbarous;
-- said of the community.
England was very rude and barbarous; for it is but even the other day
since England grew civil. Spenser.

3. Performing the duties of a citizen; obedient to government; --
said of an individual.
Civil men come nearer the saints of God than others; they come within
a step or two of heaven. Preston

4. Having the manners of one dwelling in a city, as opposed to those
of savages or rustics; polite; courteous; complaisant; affable.

Note: "A civil man now is one observant of slight external courtesies
in the mutual intercourse between man and man; a civil man once was
one who fulfilled all the duties and obligations flowing from his
position as a 'civis' and his relations to the other members of that
'civitas.'" Trench

5. Pertaining to civic life and affairs, in distinction from
military, ecclesiastical, or official state.

6. Relating to rights and remedies sought by action or suit distinct
from criminal proceedings. Civil action, an action to enforce the
rights or redress the wrongs of an individual, not involving a
criminal proceeding.
 -- Civil architecture, the architecture which is employed in
constructing buildings for the purposes of civil life, in distinction
from military and naval architecture, as private houses, palaces,
churches, etc.
 -- Civil death. (Law.) See under Death.
 -- Civil engineering. See under Engineering.
 -- Civil law. See under Law.
 -- Civil list. See under List.
 -- Civil remedy (Law), that given to a person injured, by action, as
opposed to a criminal prosecution.
 -- Civil service, all service rendered to and paid for by the state
or nation other than that pertaining to naval or military affairs.
 -- Civil service reform, the substitution of business principles and
methods for the spoils system in the conduct of the civil service,
esp. in the matter of appointments to office.
 -- Civil state, the whole body of the laity or citizens not included
under the military, maritime, and ecclesiastical states.
 -- Civil suit. Same as Civil action.
 -- CCivil war. See under War.
 -- Civil year. See under Year.

CIVILIAN
Ci*vil"ian, n. Etym: [From Civil]

1. One skilled in the civil law.
Ancient civilians and writers upon government. Swift.

2. A student of the civil law at a university or college. R. Graves.

3. One whose pursuits are those of civil life, not military or
clerical.

CIVILIST
Civ"il*ist, n.

Defn: A civilian. [R.] Warbur

CIVILITY
Ci*vil"i*ty, n.; pl. Civilities. Etym: [L. civilitas: cf. F.
civilité. See Civil.]

1. The state of society in which the relations and duties of a
citizen are recognized and obeyed; a state of civilization. [Obs.]
Monarchies have risen from barbarrism to civility, and fallen again
to ruin. Sir J. Davies.
The gradual depature of all deeper signification from the word
civility has obliged the creation of another word -- civilization.
Trench.

2. A civil office, or a civil process [Obs.]
To serve in a civility. Latimer.

3. Courtesy; politeness; kind attention; good breeding; a polite act
or expression.
The insolent civility of a proud man is, if possible, more shocking
than his rudeness could be. Chesterfield.
The sweet civilities of life. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Urbanity; affability; complaisance.

CIVILIZABLE
Civ"i*li`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being civilized.

CIVILIZATION
Civ`i*li*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. civilisation.]

1. The act of civilizing, or the state of being civilized; national
culture; refinement.
Our manners, our civilization, and all the good things connected with
manners, and with civilization, have, in this European world of ours,
depended for ages upon two principles -- . . . the spirit of a
gentleman, and spirit of religion. Burke

2. (Law)

Defn: Rendering a criminal process civil. [Obs.]

CIVILIZE
Civ"i*lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Civilized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Civilizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. civilizer, fr.L. civilis civil. See
Civil.]

1. To reclaim from a savage state; to instruct in the rules and
customs of civilization; to educate; to refine.
Yet blest that fate which did his arms dispose Her land to civilize,
as to subdue. Dryden

2. To admit as suitable to a civilized state. [Obs. or R.]
"Civilizing adultery." Milton.

Syn.
 -- To polish; refine; humanize.

CIVILIZED
Civ"i*lized, a.

Defn: Reclaimed from savage life and manners; instructed in arts,
learning, and civil manners; refined; cultivated.
Sale of conscience and duty in open market is not reconcilable with
the present state of civilized society. J. Quincy.

CIVILIZER
Civ"i*li*zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, civilizes or tends to civilize.

CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
Civil Service Commission.

Defn: In the United States, a commission appointed by the President,
consisting of three members, not more than two of whom may be
adherents of the same party, which has the control, through
examinations, of appointments and promotions in the classified civil
service. It was created by act of Jan, 16, 1883 (22 Stat. 403).

CIVIL SERVICE REFORM
Civil Service Reform.

Defn: The substitution of business principles and methods for
political methods in the conduct of the civil service. esp. the merit
system instead of the spoils system in making appointments to office.

CIVILY
Civ"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a civil manner; as regards civil rights and privileges;
politely; courteously; in a well bred manner.

CIVISM
Civ"ism, n. Etym: [Cf.F. civisme, fr.L. civis citizen.]

Defn: State of citizenship. [R.] Dyer.

CIZAR
Ciz"ar, v. i. Etym: [From Cizars.]

Defn: To clip with scissors. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

CIZARS
Ciz"ars, n. pl.

Defn: Scissors. [Obs.] Swift.

CIZE
Cize, n.

Defn: Bulk; largeness. [Obs.] See Size.

CLABBER
Clab"ber, n. Etym: [See Bonnyclabber]

Defn: Milk curdled so as to become thick.

CLABBER
Clab"ber, v. i.

Defn: To become clabber; to lopper.

CLACHAN
Clach"an, n. Etym: [Scot., fr.Gael.]

Defn: A small village containing a church. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott
Sitting at the clachon alehouse. R. L. Stevenson.

CLACK
Clack, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clacked;p. pr. & vb. n. Clacking.] Etym:
[Prob. of imitative origin; cf. F.claquer to clap, crack, D. klakken,
MHG. klac crack, Ir. clagaim I make a noise, ring. Cf. Clack, n.,
Clatter, Click.]

1. To make a sudden, sharp noise, or a succesion of such noises, as
by striking an object, or by collision of parts; to rattle; to click.
We heard Mr.Hodson's whip clacking on the ahoulders of the poor
little wretches. Thackeray.

2. To utter words rapidly and continually, or with abruptness; to let
the tongue run.

CLACK
Clack, v. t.

1. To cause to make a sudden, sharp noise, or succession of noises;
to click.

2. To utter rapidly and inconsiderately. Feltham. To clack wool, to
cut off the sheep's mark, in order to make the wool weigh less and
thus yield less duty. [Eng.]

CLACK
Clack, n. Etym: [Cf. F. claque a slap or smack, MHG. klac crack, W.
clec crack, gossip. See Clack, v. t.]

1. A sharp, abrupt noise, or succession of noises, made by striking
an object.

2. Anything that causes a clacking noise, as the clapper of a mill,
or a clack valve.

3. Continual or importunate talk; prattle; prating.
Whose chief intent is to vaunt his spiritual clack. South.
Clack box (Mach.), the box or chamber in which a clack valve works.
 -- Clack dish, a dish with a movable lid, formerly carried by
beggars, who clacked the lid to attract notice. Shak. Clack door
(Mining), removable cover of the opening through which access is had
to a pump valve.
 -- Clack valve (Mach.), a valve; esp. one hinged at one edge, which,
when raised from its seat, falls with a clacking sound.

CLACKER
Clack"er, n.

1. One who clacks; that which clacks; especially, the clapper of a
mill.

2. A claqueur. See Claqueur.

CLAD
Clad, v.t

Defn: To clothe. [Obs.] Holland.

CLAD
Clad,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Clothe.

CLADOCERA
Cla*doc"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of the Entomostraca.

Note: They have a bivalve shell, covering the body but not the head,
and from four to six pairs of legs and two pairs of antenæ, for use
in swimming. They mostly inhabit fresh water.

CLADOPHYLL
Clad"o*phyll, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A special branch, resembling a leaf, as in the apparent foliage
of the broom (Ruscus) and of the common cultivated smilax
(Myrsiphillum).

CLAGGY
Clag"gy, a. Etym: [Cf. Clog.]

Defn: Adhesive; -- said of a roof in a mine to which coal clings.

CLAIK
Claik, n.

Defn: See Clake.

CLAIM
Claim (klam), v. [imp. & p. p. Claimed (klamd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Claiming.] Etym: [OE. clamen, claimen, OF. clamer, fr. L. clamare to
cry out, call; akin to calare to proclaim, Gr. kal to sound, G. holen
to fetch, E. hale haul.]

1. To ask for, or seek to obtain, by virtue of authority, right, or
supposed right; to challenge as a right; to demand as due.

2. To proclaim. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. To call or name. [Obs.] Spenser.

4. To assert; to maintain. [Colloq.]

CLAIM
Claim, v. i.

Defn: To be entitled to anything; to deduce a right or title; to have
a claim.
We must know how the first ruler, from whom any one claims, came by
his authority. Locke.

CLAIM
Claim, n. Etym: [Of. claim cry, complaint, from clamer. See Claim,
v.t.]

1. A demand of a right or supposed right; a calling on another for
something due or supposed to be due; an assertion of a right or fact.

2. A right to claim or demand something; a title to any debt,
privilege, or other thing in possession of another; also, a title to
anything which another should give or concede to, or confer on, the
claimant. "A bar to all claims upon land." Hallam.

3. The thing claimed or demanded; that (as land) to which any one
intends to establish a right; as a settler's claim; a miner's claim.
[U.S. & Australia]

4. A laoud call. [Obs.] Spenser
To lay claim to, to demand as a right. "Doth he lay claim to thine
inheritance" Shak.

CLAIMABLE
Claim"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being claimed.

CLAIMANT
Claim"ant, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. clamant, p. pr. of clamer. Cf.Clamant.]

Defn: One who claims; one who asserts a right or title; a claimer.

CLAIMER
Claim"er, n.

Defn: One who claims; a claimant.

CLAIMLESS
Claim"less, a.

Defn: Having no claim.

CLAIRAUDIENCE
Clair*au"di*ence, n. [F. clair clear + F. & E. audience a hearing.
See Clear.]

Defn: Act of hearing, or the ability to hear, sounds not normally
audible; -- usually claimed as a special faculty of spiritualistic
mediums, or the like.

CLAIRAUDIENT
Clair*au"di*ent, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, clairaudience.

CLAIRAUDIENT
Clair*au"di*ent, n.

Defn: One alleged to have the power of clairaudience.

CLAIRE
Claire, n. [F.]

Defn: A small inclosed pond used for gathering and greening oysters.

CLAIR-OBSCUR
Clair"-ob*scur" (, n. Etym: [F. See Clare-obscure.]

Defn: See Chiaroscuro.

CLAIRVOYANCE
Clair*voy"ance, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A power, attributed to some persons while in a mesmeric state,
of discering objects not perceptible by the senses in their normal
condition.

CLAIRVOYANT
Clair*voy"ant, a. Etym: [F., fr. clair clear + voyant, p. pr. of voir
to see. See Clear, and Vision.]

Defn: Pertaining to clairvoyance; discerning objects while in a
mesmeric state which are not present to the senses.

CLAIRVOYANT
Clair*voy"ant n.

Defn: One who is able, when in a mesmeric state, to discern objects
not present to the senses.

CLAKE; CLAIK
Clake, Claik, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bernicle goose; -- called also clack goose.

CLAM
Clam, n. Etym: [Cf. Clamp, Clam, v. t., Clammy.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bivalve mollusk of many kinds, especially those that are
edible; as, the long clam (Mya arenaria), the quahog or round clam
(Venus mercenaria), the sea clam or hen clam (Spisula solidissima),
and other species of the United States. The name is said to have been
given originally to the Tridacna gigas, a huge East Indian bivalve.
You shall scarce find any bay or shallow shore, or cove of sand,
where you may not take many clampes, or lobsters, or both, at your
pleasure. Capt. John Smith (1616).
Clams, or clamps, is a shellfish not much unlike a coclke; it lieth
under the sand. Wood (1634).

2. (Ship Carp.)

Defn: Strong pinchers or forceps.

3. pl. (Mech.)

Defn: A kind of vise, usually of wood. Blood clam. See under Blood.

CLAM
Clam (clam), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clammed; p. pr. & vb. n. Clamming.]
Etym: [Cf. AS. clæman to clam, smear; akin to Icel. kleima to smear,
OHG. kleimjan, chleimen, to defile, or E. clammy.]

Defn: To clog, as with glutinous or viscous matter.
A swarm of wasps got into a honey pot, and there they cloyed and
clammed Themselves till there was no getting out again. L'Estrange.

CLAM
Clam, v. i.

Defn: To be moist or glutinous; to stick; to adhere. [R.] Dryden

CLAM
Clam, n.

Defn: Claminess; moisture. [R.] "The clam of death." Carlyle.

CLAM
Clam, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. clamor.]

Defn: A crash or clangor made by ringing all the bells of a chime at
once. Nares.

CLAM
Clam, v. t. & i.

Defn: To produce, in bell ringing, a clam or clangor; to cause to
clang. Nares.

CLAMANT
Cla"mant, a. Etym: [L. clamans, p. pr. of clamare to call. Cf.
Claimant.]

Defn: Crying earnestly, beseeching clamorousky. "Clamant children."
Thomson.

CLAMATION
Cla*ma"tion, n. Etym: [LL. clamatio, fr. L. clamare to call.]

Defn: The act of crying out. Sir T. Browne.

CLAMATORES
Clam`a*to"res, n. pl. Etym: [L. clamator, pl. clamatores, a bawler.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of passerine birds in which the vocal muscles are
but little developed, so that they lack the power of singing.

CLAMATORIAL
Clam`a*to"rial, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the Clamatores.

CLAMBAKE
Clam"bake, n.

Defn: The backing or steaming of clams on heated stones, between
layers of seaweed; hence, a picnic party, gathered on such an
occasion.

CLAMBER
Clam"ber, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clambered; p. pr. & vb. n. Clambering.]
Etym: [OE clambren, clameren, to heap together, climb; akin to Icel.
klambra to clamp, G. klammern. Cf. Clamp, Climb.]

Defn: To climb with difficulty, or with hands and feet; -- also used
figuratively.
The narrow street that clambered toward the mill. Tennyson.

CLAMBER
Clam"ber, n.

Defn: The act of clambering. T. Moore.

CLAMBER
Clam"ber, v. t.

Defn: To ascend by climbing with difficulty.
Clambering the walls to eye him. Shak.

CLAMJAMPHRIE
Clam*jam"phrie, n.

Defn: Low, worthless people; the rabble. [Scot.] Jamieson.

CLAMMILY
Clam"mi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a clammy manner. "Oozing so clammily." Hood.

CLAMMINESS
Clam"mi*ness, n.

Defn: State of being clammy or viscous.

CLAMMY
Clam"my, a. [Compar. Clammier; superl. Clammiest.] Etym: [Cf. AS.
clam clay. See Clam to clog, and cf. Clay.]

Defn: Having the quality of being viscous or adhesive; soft and
sticky; glutinous; damp and adhesive, as if covered with a cold
perspiration.

CLAMOR
Clam"or, n. Etym: [OF. clamour, clamur, F. clameur, fr. L. clamor,
fr. clamare to cry out. See Claim.]

1. A great outcry or vociferation; loud and continued shouting or
exclamation. Shak.

2. Any loud and continued noise. Addison.

3. A continued expression of dissatisfaction or discontent; a popular
outcry. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Outcry; exclamation; noise; uproar.

CLAMOR
Clam"or, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clamored; p. pr. & vb. n. Clamoring.]

1. To salute loudly. [R.]
The people with a shout Rifted the air, clamoring their god with
praise. Milton
.

2. To stun with noise. [R.] Bacon.

3. To utter loudly or repeatedly; to shout.
Clamored their piteous prayer incessantly. Longfellow.
To clamor bells, to repeat the strokes quickly so as to produce a
loud clang. Bp. Warbur

CLAMOR
Clam"or, v. i.

Defn: To utter loud sounds or outcries; to vociferate; to complain;
to make importunate demands.
The obscure bird Clamored the livelong night. Shak.

CLAMORER
Clam"or*er, n.

Defn: One who clamors.

CLAMOROUS
Clam"or*ous, a. Etym: [LL. clamorosus, for L. Clamosus: cf. OF.
clamoreux.]

Defn: Speaking and repeating loud words; full of clamor; calling or
demanding loudly or urgently; vociferous; noisy; bawling; loud;
turbulent. "My young ones were clamorous for a morning's excursion."
Southey.
 -- Clam"or*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Clam"or*ous*ness, n.

CLAMP
Clamp, n. Etym: [Cf. LG. & D. klamp, Dan. klampe, also D. klampen to
fasten, clasp. Cf. Clam, Cramp.]

1. Something rigid that holds fast or binds things together; a piece
of wood or metal, used to hold two or more pieces together.

2.
(a) An instrument with a screw or screws by which work is held in its
place or two parts are temporarily held together.
(b) (Joinery) A piece of wood placed across another, or inserted into
another, to bind or strengthen.

3. One of a pair of movable pieces of lead, or other soft material,
to cover the jaws of a vise and enable it to grasp without bruising.

4. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A thick plank on the inner part of a ship's side, used to
sustuan the ends of beams.

5. A mass of bricks heaped up to be burned; or of ore for roasting,
or of coal coking.

6. A mollusk. See Clam. [Obs.]
Clamp nails, nails used to fasten on clamps in ships.

CLAMP
Clamp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clamped p. pr. & vb. n. Clamping.]

1. To fasten with a clamp or clamps; to apply a clamp to; to place in
a clamp.

2. To cover, as vegetables, with earth. [Eng.]

CLAMP
Clamp, n. Etym: [Prob. an imitative word. Cf.Clank.]

Defn: A heavy footstep; a tramp.

CLAMP
Clamp, v. i.

Defn: To tread heavily or clumsily; to clump.
The policeman with clamping feet. Thackeray.

CLAMPER
Clamp"er, n.

Defn: An instrument of iron, with sharp prongs, attached to a boot or
shoe to enable the wearer to walk securely upon ice; a creeper. Kane.

CLAN
Clan, n. Etym: [Gael. clann offspring, descendants; akin to Ir.
clann, cland, offspring, tribe, family; perh. from L. plania scion,
slip, cutting. Cf. Plant, n.]

1. A tribe or collection of families, united under a chieftain,
regarded as having the same common ancestor, and bearing the same
surname; as, the clan of Macdonald. "I have marshaled my clan."
Campbell.

2. A clique; a sect, society, or body of persons; esp., a body of
persons united by some common interest or pursuit; -- sometimes used
contemptuously.
Partidge and the rest of his clan may hoot me. Smolett.
The whole clan of the enlightened among us. Burke.

CLANCULAR
Clan"cu*lar, a. Etym: [L. clancularius , from clanculum secretly,
adv. dim. of clam secretly.]

Defn: Conducted with secrecy; clandestine; concealed. [Obs.]
Not close and clancular, but frank and open. Barrow.

CLANCULARLY
Clan"cu*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: privately; secretly. [Obs.]

CLANDESTINE
Clan*des"tine, a. Etym: [L. clandestinus, fr. clam secretly; akin to
celare, E. conceal: cf. F. clandestin.]

Defn: Conducted with secrecy; withdrawn from public notice, usually
for an evil purpose; kept secret; hidden; private; underhand; as, a
clandestine marriage. Locke.

Syn.
 -- Hidden; secret; private; concealed; underhand; sly; stealthy;
surreptitious; furtive; fraudulent.
 -- Clan*des"tine*ly, adv.
 -- Clan*des"tine*ness, n.

CLANDESTINITY
Clan`des*tin"i*ty, n.

Defn: Privacy or secrecy. [R.]

CLANG
Clang, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clanged; p. pr. & vb. n. Clanging.] Etym:
[L. clangere; akin to Gr. clank.]

Defn: To strike together so as to produce a ringing metallic sound.
The fierce Caretes . . . clanged their sounding arms. Prior.

CLANG
Clang, v. i.

Defn: To give out a clang; to resound. "Clanging hoofs." Tennyson.

CLANG
Clang, n.

1. A loud, ringing sound, like that made by metallic substances when
clanged or struck together.
The broadsword's deadly clang, As if a thousand anvils rang. Sir W.
Scott.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Qualyty of tone.

CLANGOR
Clan"gor, n. Etym: [L., fr. clangere. See Clang, v. t.]

Defn: A sharp, harsh, ringing sound. Dryden.

CLANGOROUS
Clan"gor*ous, a. Etym: [LL. clangorosus.]

Defn: Making a clangor; having a ringing, metallic sound.

CLANGOUS
Clan"gous, a.

Defn: Making a clang, or a ringing metallic sound. [Obs.]

CLANJAMFRIE
Clan*jam"frie, n.

Defn: Same as Clamjamphrie. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

CLANK
Clank, n. Etym: [Akin to clink, and of imitative origin; cf. G. klang
sound, D. klank. Cf. Clang.]

Defn: A sharp, brief, ringing sound, made by a collision of metallic
or other sonorous bodies; -- usually expressing a duller or less
resounding sound than clang, and a deeper and stronger sound than
clink.
But not in chains to pine, His spirit withered with tyeur clank.
Byron.

CLANK
Clank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clanked; p. pr. & vb. n. Clanking.]

Defn: To cause to sound with a clank; as, the prisoners clank their
chains.

CLANK
Clank, v. i.

Defn: To sound with a clank.

CLANKLESS
Clank"less, a.

Defn: Without a clank. Byreon.

CLAN-NA-GAEL
Clan"-na-Gael", n. [Ir., clan of the Gaels.]

Defn: A secret society of Irish Fenians founded in Philadelphia in
1881.

CLANNISH
Clan"nish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a clan; closely united, like a clan;
disposed to associate only with one's clan or clique; actuated by the
traditions, prejudices, habits, etc., of a clan.
 -- Clan"nish*ly, adv.
 -- Clan"nish*ness, n.

CLANSHIP
Clan"ship, n.

Defn: A state of being united togheter as in a clan; an association
under a chieftain.

CLANSMAN
Clans"man, n.; pl. Clansmen.

Defn: One belonging to the same clan with another.

CLAP
Clap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Clapping.] Etym:
[AS. clappan; akin to Icel. & Sw. klappa, D, klappen, to clap, prate,
G. klaffen, v.i., to split open, yelp, klopfen, v.t. & i., to knock.]

1. To strike; to slap; to strike, or strike together, with a quick
motion, so, as to make a sharp noise; as, to clap one's hands; a
clapping of wings.
Then like a bird it sits and sings, And whets and claps its silver
wings. Marvell.

2. To thrust, drive, put, or close, in a hasty or abrupt manner; --
often followed by to, into, on, or upon.
He had just time to get in and clap to the door. Locke
Clap an extinguaisher upon your irony. Lamb.

3. To manifest approbation of, by striking the hands together; to
applaud; as, to clap a performance. To clap hands. (a) To pledge
faith by joining hands. [Obs.] Shak.
(b) To express contempt or derision. [Obs.] Lam. ii. 15. To clap hold
of, to seize roughly or quickly.
 -- To clap up. (a) To imprison hastily or without due formality. (b)
To make or contrive hastily. [Obs.] "Was ever match clapped up so
suddenly" Shak.

CLAP
Clap, v. i.

1. To knock, as at a door. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To strike the hands together in applause.
Their ladies bid them clap. Shak.

3. To come together suddenly with noise.
The doors around me clapped. Dryden.

4. To enter with alacrity and briskness; -- with to or into. [Obs.]
"Shall we clap into it roundly, without . . . saying we are hoarse"
Shak.

5. To talk noisily; to chatter loudly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CLAP
Clap, n.

1. A loud noise made by sudden collision; a bang. "Give the door such
a clap, as you go out, as will shake the whole room." Swift.

2. A burst of sound; a sudden explosion.
Horrible claps of thunder. Hakewill.

3. A single, sudden act or motion; a stroke; a blow.
What, fifty of my followers at a clap! Shak.

4. A striking of hands to express approbation.
Unextrected claps or hisses. Addison.

5. Noisy talk; chatter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

6. (Falconry)

Defn: The nether part of the beak of a hawk. Clap dish. See Clack
dish, under Clack, n.
 -- Clap net, a net for taking birds, made to close or clap together.

CLAP
Clap, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. clapoir.]

Defn: Gonorrhea.

CLAPBOARD
Clap"board, n.

1. A narrow board, thicker at one edge than at the other; -- used for
weatherboarding the outside of houses. [U. S.]

2. A stave for a cask. [Eng.] Halliwell.

CLAPBOARD
Clap"board, v. t.

Defn: To cover with clapboards; as, to clapboard the sides of a
house. [U. S.] Bartlett.

CLAPBREAD; CLAPCAKE
Clap"bread`, Clap"cake`, n.

Defn: Oatmeal cake or bread clapped or beaten till it is thin. [Obs.]
Halliwell.

CLAPE
Clape, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird; the flicker.

CLAPPER
Clap"per, n.

1. A person who claps.

2. That which strikes or claps, as the tongue of a bell, or the piece
of wood that strikes a mill hopper, etc. See Illust. of Bell. Clapper
rail (Zoöl.), an Americam species of rail (Rallus scepitans).

CLAPPER
Clap"per, n. Etym: [F. clapier.]

Defn: A rabbit burrow. [Obs.]

CLAPPERCLAW
Clap"per*claw, v. t. Etym: [Clap + claw.]

1. To fight and scratch. C. Smart.

2. To abuse with the tongue; to revile; to scold.

CLAPS
Claps, v. t.

Defn: Variant of Clasp [Obs.] Chaucer.

CLAPTRAP
Clap"trap`, n.

1. A contrivance for clapping in theaters. [Obs.]

2. A trick or device to gain applause; humbug.

CLAPTRAP
Clap"trap`, a.

Defn: Contrived for the purpose of making a show, or gaining
applause; deceptive; unreal.

CLAQUE
Claque, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A collection of persons employed to applaud at a theatrical
exhibition.

CLAQUEUR
Cla`queur", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: One of the claque employed to applaud at a theater.

CLARE
Clare, n.

Defn: A nun of the order of St.Clare.

CLARENCE
Clar"ence, n.

Defn: A close four-wheeled carriage, with one seat inside, and a seat
for the driver.

CLARENCEUX; CLARENCIEUX
Clar"en*ceux, Clar"en*cieux, n. (Her.)

Defn: See King-at-arms.

CLARENDON
Clar"en*don, n.

Defn: A style of type having a narrow and heave face. It is made in
all sizes.

Note: This line is in nonpareil Clarendon.

CLARE-OBSCURE
Clare"-ob*scure", n. Etym: [L. clarus clear + obscurus obscure; cf.
F. clair-obscur. Cf. Chiaroscuro.] (Painting)

Defn: See Chiaroscuro.

CLARET
Clar"et, n. Etym: [OE. claret, clare, clarry, OF. claret, clar, fr.
cler, F. clair, clear, fr. L. clarus clear. See Clear.]

Defn: The name firat given in England to the red wines of M

CLARIBELLA
Clar`i*bel"la, n. Etym: [NL., from L. clarus clear + bellus fine.]
(Mus.)

Defn: A soft, sweet stop, or set of open wood pipes in an organ.

CLARICHORD
Clar"i*chord, n. Etym: [F. clatocorde, fr.L. clarus clear + chorda
string. See Chord.]

Defn: A musical instrument, formerly in use, in form of a spinet; --
called also manichord and clavichord.

CLARIFICATION
Clar`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. clarification, L. clarificatio
glorification.]

1. The act or process of making clear or transparent, by freeing
visible impurities; as, the clarification of wine.

2. The act of freeing from obscurities.
The clarification of men's ideas. Whewell.

CLARIFIER
Clar"i*fi`er, n.

1. That which clarifies.

2. A vessel in which the process of clarification is conducted; as,
the clarifier in sugar works. Ure.

CLARIFY
Clar"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clarified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Clarifying.] Etym: [F. clarifier, from L. clarificare; clarus clear +
facere to make. See Clear, and Fact.]

1. To make clear or bright by freeing from feculent matter; to
defecate; to fine; -- said of liquids, as wine or sirup. "Boiled and
clarified." Ure.

2. To make clear; to free from obscurities; to brighten or
illuminate.
To clarify his reason, and to rectify his will. South.

3. To glorify. [Obs.]
Fadir, clarifie thi name. Wyclif (John ii. 28).

CLARIFY
Clar"i*fy, v. i.

1. To grow or become clear or transparent; to become free from
feculent impurities, as wine or other liquid under clarification.

2. To grow clear or bright; to clear up.
Whosoever hath his mind fraught with many thoughts, his wits and
understanding do clarify and break up in the discoursing with
another. Bacon.

CLARIGATE
Clar"i*gate, v. i. Etym: [L. clarigare]

Defn: To declare war with certain ceremonies. [Obs.] Holland.

CLARINET
Clar"i*net`, n. Etym: [F. clarinette, dim. of clarine, from L.
clarus. See Clear, and cf. Clarion.] (Mus.)

Defn: A wind instrument, blown by a single reed, of richer and fuller
tone than the oboe, which has a double reed. It is the leading
instrument in a military band.

Note: [Often improperly called clarionet.]

CLARINO
Cla*ri"no, n. Etym: [It. a trumpet.] (Mus.)

Defn: A reed stop in an organ.

CLARION
Clar"i*on, n. Etym: [OE. clarioun, OF. clarion, F. clairon, LL.
clario, claro; so called from its clear tone, fr. L. clarus clear.
See Clear.]

Defn: A kind of trumpet, whose note is clear and shrill.
He sounds his imperial clarion along the whole line of battle. E.
Everett.

CLARIONET
Clar`i*o*net", n. Etym: [See Clarion, Clarinet.] (Mus.)

Defn: See Clarinet.

CLARISONUS
Cla*ris"o*nus, a. Etym: [L. clarisonus; clarus + sonus.]

Defn: Having a clear sound. [Obs.] Ash.

CLARITUDE
Clar"i*tude, n. Etym: [L. claritudo, fr. clarus clear.]

Defn: Clearness; splendor. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

CLARITY
Clar"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. claritas, fr. clarus clear: cf. F. clarté.]

Defn: Clearness; brightness; splendor.
Floods, in whose more than crystal clarity, Innumerable virgin graces
row. Beaumont.

CLARO-OBSCURO
Cla"ro-ob*scu"ro, n.

Defn: See Chiaroscuro.

CLARRE
Clar`ré", n. Etym: [See Claret.]

Defn: Wine with a mixture of honey and species. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CLART
Clart, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Armor. kalar mud, mire, kalara to dirt, Sw.
lort mud.]

Defn: To daub, smear, or spread, as with mud, etc. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

CLARTY
Clart"y, a.

Defn: Sticky and foul; muddy; filthy; dirty. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

CLARY
Clar"y, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Clarion.]

Defn: To make a loud or shrill noise. [Obs.] Golding.

CLARY
Cla"ry, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. sclarea, scarlea, D. & G. scharlei, F.
sclarée.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Salvia sclarea) of the Sage family, used in flavoring
soups. Clary water, a composition of clary flowers with brandy, etc.,
formerly used as a cardiac.

CLASH
Clash, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Clashing.] Etym:
[Of imitative origin; cf. G. klatschen, Prov. G. kleschen, D.
kletsen, Dan. klaske, E. clack.]

1. To make a noise by striking against something; to dash noisily
together.

2. To meet in opposition; to act in a contrary direction; to come
onto collision; to interfere.
However some of his interests might clash with those of the chief
adjacent colony. Palfrey.

CLASH
Clash, v. t.

Defn: To strike noisily against or together.

CLASH
Clash n.

1. A loud noise resulting from collision; a noisy collision of
bodies; a collision.
The roll of cannon and clash of arms. Tennyson.

2. Opposition; contradiction; as between differing or contending
interests, views, purposes, etc.
Clashes between popes and kings. Denham.

CLASH GEAR
Clash gear. (Mach.)

Defn: A change-speed gear in which the gears are changed by sliding
endwise.

CLASHINGLY
Clash"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With clashing.

CLASP
Clasp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clasped; p. pr. & vb. n. Clasping] Etym:
[OE. claspen, clapsen, prob. akin to E. clap.]

1. To shut or fasten together with, or as with, a clasp; to shut or
fasten (a clasp, or that which fastens with a clasp).

2. To inclose and hold in the hand or with the arms; to grasp; to
embrace.

3. To surround and cling to; to entwine about. "Clasping ivy."
Milton.

CLASP
Clasp, n.

1. An adjustable catch, bent plate, or hook, for holding together two
objects or the parts of anything, as the ends of a belt, the covers
of a book, etc.

2. A close embrace; a throwing of the arms around; a grasping, as
with the hand. Clasp knife, a large knife, the blade of which folds
or shuts into the handle.
 -- Clasp lock, a lock which closes or secures itself by means of a
spring.

CLASPER
Clasp"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, clasps, as a tendril. "The claspers of
vines." Derham.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of a pair of organs used by the male for grasping the female
among many of the Crustacea.
(b) One of a pair of male copulatory organs, developed on the
anterior side of the ventral fins of sharks and other elasmobranchs.
See Illust. of Chimæra.

CLASPERED
Clasp"ered, a.

Defn: Furnished with tendrils.

CLASS
Class, n. Etym: [F. classe, fr. L. classis class, collection, fleet;
akin to Gr. claim, haul.]

1. A group of individuals ranked together as possessing common
characteristics; as, the different classes of society; the educated
class; the lower classes.

2. A number of students in a school or college, of the same standing,
or pursuing the same studies.

3. A comprehensive division of animate or inanimate objects, grouped
together on account of their common characteristics, in any
classification in natural science, and subdivided into orders,
families, tribes, gemera, etc.

4. A set; a kind or description, species or variety.
She had lost one class energies. Macaulay.

5. (Methodist Church)

Defn: One of the sections into which a church or congregation is
divided, and which is under the supervision of a class leader. Class
of a curve (Math.), the kind of a curve as expressed by the number of
tangents that can be drawn from any point to the curve. A circle is
of the second class.
 -- Class meeting (Methodist Church), a meeting of a class under the
charge of a class leader, for counsel and relegious instruction.

CLASS
Class, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Classed; p. pr. & vb. n. Classing.] Etym:
[Cf. F. classer. See Class, n.]

1. To arrange in classes; to classify or refer to some class; as, to
class words or passages.

Note: In scientific arrangement, to classify is used instead of to
class. Dana.

2. To divide into classes, as students; to form into, or place in, a
class or classes.

CLASS
Class, v. i.

Defn: To grouped or classed.
The genus or famiky under which it classes. Tatham.

CLASS DAY
Class day.

Defn: In American colleges and universities, a day of the
commencement season on which the senior class celebrates the
completion of its course by exercises conducted by the members, such
as the reading of the class histories and poem, the delivery of the
class oration, the planting of the class ivy, etc.

CLASSIBLE
Class"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being classed.

CLASSIC; CLASSICAL
Clas"sic, Clas"sic*al, a. Etym: [L. classicus relating to the classes
of the Roman people, and especially to the frist class; hence, of the
first rank, superior, from classis class: cf. F. classique. See
Class, n.]

1. Of or relating to the first class or rank, especially in
literature or art.
Give, as thy last memorial to the age, One classic drama, and reform
the stage. Byron.
Mr. Greaves may justly be reckoned a classical author on this subject
[Roman weights and coins]. Arbuthnot.

2. Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks and Romans, esp. to Greek
or Roman authors of the highest rank, or of the period when their
best literature was produced; of or pertaining to places inhabited by
the ancient Greeks and Romans, or rendered famous by their deeds.
Though throned midst Latium's classic plains. Mrs. Hemans.
The epithet classical, as applied to ancient authors, is determined
less by the purity of their style than by the period at which they
wrote. Brande & C.
He [Atterbury] directed the classical studies of the undergraduates
of his college. Macaulay.

3. Conforming to the best authority in literature and art; chaste;
pure; refined; as, a classical style.
Classical, provincial, and national synods. Macaulay.
Classicals orders. (Arch.) See under Order.

CLASSIC
Clas"sic, n.

1. A work of acknowledged excellence and authrity, or its author; --
originally used of Greek and Latin works or authors, but now applied
to authors and works of a like character in any language.
In is once raised him to the rank of a legitimate English classic.
Macaulay.

2. One learned in the literature of Greece and Rome, or a student of
classical literature.

CLASSICALISM
Clas"sic*al*ism, n.

1. A classical idiom, style, or expression; a classicism.

2. Adherence to what are supposed or assumed to be the classical
canons of art.

CLASSICALIST
Clas"sic*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who adheres to what he thinks the classical canons of art.
Ruskin.

CLASSICALITY; CLASSICALNESS
Clas`si*cal"i*ty, Clas"sic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being classical.

CLASSICALLY
Clas"sic*al*ly, adv.

1. In a classical manner; according to the manner of classical
authors.

2. In the manner of classes; according to a regular order of classes
or sets.

CLASSICISM
Clas"si*cism, n.

Defn: A classic idiom or expression; a classicalism. C. Kingsley.

CLASSICIST
Clas"si*cist, n.

Defn: One learned in the classics; an advocate for the classics.

CLASSIFIABLE
Clas"si*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being classified.

CLASSIFIC
Clas*sif"ic, a.

Defn: Characterizing a class or classes; relating to classification.

CLASSIFICATION
Clas`si*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. classification.]

Defn: The act of forming into a class or classes; a distibution into
groups, as classes, orders, families, etc., according to some common
relations or affinities. Artificial classification. (Science) See
under Artifitial.

CLASSIFICATORY
Clas"si*fi*ca`to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to classification; admitting of classification. "A
classificatory system." Earle.

CLASSIFIER
Clas"si*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who classifies.

CLASSIFY
Clas"si*fy, v. t. [imp. & pp. Classified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Classifying.] Etym: [L. classis class +

Defn: To distribute into classes; to arrange according to a system;
to arrnge in sets according to some method founded on common
properties or characters.

Syn.
 -- To arrange; distibute; rank.

CLASSIS
Clas"sis, n.; pl. Classes. Etym: [L. See Class, n.]

1. A class or order; sort; kind. [Obs.]
His opinion of that classis of men. Clarendon.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: An ecclesiastical body or judicat

CLASSMAN
Class"man, n.; pl. Classmen(#).

1. A member of a class; a classmate.

2. A candidate for graduation in arts who is placed in an honor
class, as opposed to a passman, who is not classified. [Oxford, Eng.]

CLASSMATE
Class"mate`, n.

Defn: One who is in the same class with another, as at school or
college.

CLASTIC
Clas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Pertaining to what may be taken apart; as, clastic anatomy (of
models).

2. (Min.)

Defn: Fragmental; made up of brokas, sandstone is a clastic rock.

CLATCH
Clatch, n. [Cf. Scot. clatch a slap, the noise caused by the
collision of soft bodies; prob. of imitative origin.] (Scot. & Dial.
Eng.)

1. A soft or sloppy lump or mass; as, to throw a clatch of mud.

2.  Anything put together or made in a careless or slipshod way;
hence, a sluttish or slipshod woman.

CLATCH
Clatch, v. t. & i.

Defn: To daub or smear, as with lime; to make or finish in a slipshod
way. [Scot.]

CLATHRATE
Clath"rate, a. Etym: [L. clathri latti

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Shaped like a lattice; cancellate. Gray.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the surface marked with raised lines resembling a
lattice, as many shells.

CLATTER
Clat"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clattered; p. pr. & vb. n. Clattering.]
Etym: [AS. cla a rattle, akin to D. klateren to rattle. Cf. Clack.]

1. To make a rattling sound by striking hard bodies together; to make
a succession of abrupt, rattling sounds.
Clattering loud with clamk. Longfellow.

2. To talk fast and noisily; to rattle with the tongue.
I see thou dost but clatter. Spenser.

CLATTER
Clat"ter, v. t.

Defn: To make a rattling noise with.
You clatter still your brazen kettle. Swift.

CLATTER
Clat"ter, n.

1. A rattling noise, esp. that made by the collision of hard bodies;
also, any loud, abrupt sound; a repetition of abrupt sounds.
The goose let fall a golden egg With cackle and with clatter.
Tennyson.

2. Commotion; disturbance. "Those mighty feats which made such a
clatter in story." Barrow.

3. Rapid, noisy talk; babble; chatter. "Hold still thy clatter."
Towneley Myst. (15 th Cent. ).
Throw by your clatter And handle the matter. B. Jonson

CLATTERER
Clat"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who clatters.

CLATTERINGLY
Clat"ter*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With clattering.

CLAUDE LORRAINE GLASS
Claude" Lor*raine" glass`. Etym: [Its name is supposed to be derived
from the similarity of the effects it gives to those of a picture by
Claude Lorrain (often written Lorraine).]

Defn: A slightly convex mirror, commonly of black glass, used as a
toy for viewing the reflected landscape.

CLAUDENT
Clau"dent, a. Etym: [L. claudens, p. pr. of claudere to shut.]

Defn: Shutting; confining; drawing together; as, a claudent muscle.
[R.] Jonson

CLAUDICANT
Clau"di*cant, a. Etym: [L. claudicans, p. pr. of claudicare to limp,
fr. claudus lame.]

Defn: Limping. [R.]

CLAUDICATION
Clau`di*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. claudicatio.]

Defn: A halting or limping. [R.] Tatler.

CLAUSE
Clause, n. Etym: [F. clause, LL. clausa, equiv. to L. clausula
clause, prop., close of claudere to shut, to end. See Close.]

1. A separate portion of a written paper, paragraph, or sentence; an
article, stipulation, or proviso, in a legal document.
The usual attestation clause to a will. Bouvier.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A subordinate portion or a subdivision of a sentence containing
a subject and its predicate.

CLAUSE
Clause, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Letters clause or close, under Letter.

CLAUSTRAL
Claus"tral, a. Etym: [F., fr. LL. claustralis, fr. L. claustrum. See
Cloister.]

Defn: Cloistral. Ayliffe

CLAUSTRUM
Claus"trum, n.; pl. Claustra. Etym: [L., a bolt or bar.] (Anat.)

Defn: A thin lamina of gray matter in each cerebral hemiphere of the
brain of man.
 -- Claus"tral, a.

CLAUSULAR
Clau"su*lar, a. Etym: [From L. clausula. See Clause, n.]

Defn: Consisting of, or having, clauses. Smart.

CLAUSURE
Clau"sure, n. Etym: [L. clausura. See Closure.]

Defn: The act of shutting up or confining; confinement. [R.] Geddes.

CLAVATE; CLAVATED
Cla"vate, Cla"va*ted, a. Etym: [L. clava club.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Club-shaped; having the form of a club; growing gradually
thicker toward the top.

Note: [See Illust. of Antennae.]

CLAVE
Clave,

Defn: imp. of Cleave. [Obs.]

CLAVECIN
Clav"e*cin, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The harpsichord.

CLAVEL
Cla"vel, n.

Defn: See Clevis.

CLAVELLATE
Clav"el*late, a.

Defn: See Clavate.

CLAVELLATED
Clav"el*la`ted, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. cineres clavelatti ashes of burnt
lees or dregs of wine, F. clavel an inferior sort of soda, E.
clavate.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: Said of potash, probably in reference to its having been
obtained from billets of wood by burning. [Obs.]

CLAVER
Clav"er, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Clover. Holland.

CLAVER
Clav"er, n.

Defn: Frivolous or nonsensical talk; prattle; chattering. [Scot. &
North of Eng.]
Emmy found herself entirely at a loss in the midst of their clavers.
Thackeray.

CLAVICHORD
Clav"i*chord, n. Etym: [F. clavicorde, fr. L. clavis key + chorda
string.] (Mus.)

Defn: A keyed stringed instrument, now superseded by the pianoforte.
See Clarichord.

CLAVICLE
Clav"i*cle, n. Etym: [F. clavicule, fr. L. clavicula a little key,
tendril, dim. of clavis key, akin to claudere to shut. See Close, and
cf. Clef.] (Anat.)

Defn: The collar bone, which is joined at one end to the scapula, or
shoulder blade, and at the other to the sternum, or breastbone. In
man each clavicle is shaped like the letter

CLAVICORN
Clav"i*corn, a. Etym: [Cf. F. clavicorne.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having club-shaped antennæ. See Antennæ -- n.

Defn: One of the Clavicornes.

CLAVICORNES
Clav`i*cor"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL.; Fr. L. clava club + cornu horn.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of beetles having club-shaped antennæ.

CLAVICULAR
Cla*vic"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. claviculaire. See Clavicle.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the clavicle.

CLAVIER
Cla"vi*er ( F. ), n. Etym: [F., fr. L. clavis key.] (Mus.)

Defn: The keyboard of an organ, pianoforte, or harmonium.

Note: Clavier (

CLAVIFORM
Clav"i*form, a. Etym: [L. clava club + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Club-shaped; clavate. Craig.

CLAVIGER
Clav"i*ger, n. Etym: [L., fr. clavis key + gerere to carry.]

Defn: One who carries the keys of any place.

CLAVIGER
Clav"i*ger, n. Etym: [L., fr. clava club + gerere to carry.]

Defn: One who carries a club; a club bearer.

CLAVIGEROUS
Cla*vig"er*ous, a.

Defn: Bearing a club or a key.

CLAVIS
Cla"vis, n.; pl. L. Claves, E. Clavises. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A key; a glossary.

CLAVUS
Cla"vus, n. Etym: [L., a nail.]

Defn: A callous growth, esp. one the foot; a corn.

CLAVY
Cla"vy, n.; pl. Clavies. Etym: [Cf. F. claveau centerpiece of an
arch.] (Arch.)

Defn: A mantelpiece.

CLAW
Claw, n. Etym: [AS. clawu, cla, cleó; akin to D. klaauw, G. Klaue,
Icel. klo, SW. & Dan. klo, and perh. to E. clew.]

1. A sharp, hooked nail, as of a beast or bird.

2. The whole foot of an animal armed with hooked nails; the pinchers
of a lobster, crab, etc.

3. Anything resembling the claw of an animal, as the curved and
forked end of a hammer for drawing nails.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: A slender appendage or process, formed like a claw, as the base
of petals of the pink. Gray. Claw hammer, a hammer with one end of
the metallic head cleft for use in extracting nails, etc.
 -- Claw hammer coat, a dress coat of the swallowtail pattern.
[Slang] -- Claw sickness, foot rot, a disease affecting sheep.

CLAW
Claw, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clawed; p. pr. & vb. n. Clawing.] Etym:
[AS. clawan. See Claw, n.]

1. To pull, tear, or scratch with, or as with, claws or nails.

2. To relieve from some uneasy sensation, as by scratching; to
tickle; hence, to flatter; to court. [Obs.]
Rich men they claw, soothe up, and flatter; the poor they contemn and
despise. Holland.

3. To rail at; to scold. [Obs.]
In the aforesaid preamble, the king fairly claweth the great
monasteries, wherein, saith he, religion, thanks be to God, is right
well kept and observed; though he claweth them soon after in another
acceptation. T. Fuller
Claw me, claw thee, stand by me and I will stand by you; -- an old
proverb. Tyndale. To claw away, to scold or revile. "The jade Fortune
is to be clawed away for it, if you should lose it." L'Estrange. To
claw (one) on the back, to tickle; to express approbation. (Obs.)
Chaucer.
 -- To claw (one) on the gall, to find falt with; to vex. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

CLAW
Claw, v. i.

Defn: To scrape, scratch, or dig with a claw, or with the hand as a
claw. "Clawing [in ash barrels] for bits of coal." W. D. Howells. To
claw off (Naut.), to turn to windward and beat, to prevent falling on
a lee shore.

CLAWBACK
Claw"back`, n.

Defn: A flatterer or sycophant. [Obs.] "Take heed of these
clawbacks." Latimer.

CLAWBACK
Claw"back`, a.

Defn: Flattering; sycophantic. [Obs.]
Like a clawback parasite. Bp. Hall.

CLAWBACK
Claw"back`, v. t.

Defn: To flatter. [Obs.] Warner.

CLAWED
Clawed, a.

Defn: Furnished with claws. N. Grew.

CLAWLESS
Claw"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of claws.

CLAY
Clay, n. Etym: [AS. clæg; akin to LG. klei, D. klei, and perh. to AS.
clam clay, L. glus, gluten glue, Gr. glue. Cf. Clog.]

1. A soft earth, which is plastuc, or may be molded with the hands,
consisting of hydrous silicate of alumunium. It is the result of the
wearing down and decomposition, in part, of rocks containing
aluminous minerals, as granite. Lime, magnesia, oxide of iron, and
other ingredients, are often present as impurities.

2. (Poetry & Script.)

Defn: Earth in general, as representing the elementary particles of
the human body; hence, the human body as formed from such particles.
I also am formed out of the clay. Job xxxiii. 6.
The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall
cover. Byron.
Bowlder clay. See under Bowlder.
 -- Brick clay, the common clay, containing some iron, and therefore
turning red when burned.
 -- Clay cold, cold as clay or earth; lifeless; inanimate.
 -- Clay ironstone, an ore of iron consisting of the oxide or
carbonate of iron mixed with clay or sand.
 -- Clay marl, a whitish, smooth, chalky clay.
 -- Clay mill, a mill for mixing and tempering clay; a pug mill.
 -- Clay pit, a pit where clay is dug.
 -- Clay slate (Min.), argillaceous schist; argillite.
 -- Fatty clays, clays having a greasy feel; they are chemical
compounds of water, silica, and aluminia, as halloysite, bole, etc.
 -- Fire clay , a variety of clay, entirely free from lime, iron, or
an alkali, and therefore infusible, and used for fire brick.
 -- Porcelain clay, a very pure variety, formed directly from the
decomposition of feldspar, and often called kaolin.
 -- Potter's clay, a tolerably pure kind, free from iron.

CLAY
Clay, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Claying.]

1. To cover or manure with clay.

2. To clarify by filtering through clay, as sugar.

CLAY-BRAINED
Clay"-brained`, a.

Defn: Stupid. [Obs.] Shak.

CLAYES
Clayes, n. pl. Etym: [F. claie hurdle.] (Fort.)

Defn: Wattles, or hurdles, made with stakes interwoven with osiers,
to cover lodgments. [Obs.]

CLAYEY
Clay"ey, a.

Defn: Consisting of clay; abounding with clay; partaking of clay;
like clay.

CLAYISH
Clay"ish, a.

Defn: Partaking of the nature of clay, or containing particles of it.

CLAYMORE
Clay"more`, n. Etym: [Gael. claidheamhmor a broadsword; Gael.
claidheamh sword + mor great, large. Cf. Claymore.]

Defn: A large two-handed sword used formerly by the Scottish
Highlanders.

CLAYTONIA
Clay*to"ni*a, n. Etym: [Named after Dr.John Clayton, an American
botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: An American genus of perennial herbs with delicate blossoms; --
sometimes called spring beauty.

CLEADING
Clead"ing, n. Etym: [Scot., clothing. See Cloth.]

1. A jacket or outer covering of wood, etc., to prevent radiation of
heat, as from the boiler, cylinder. etc., of a steam engine.

2. The planking or boarding of a shaft, cofferdam, etc.

CLEAN
Clean, a. [Compar. Cleaner (; superl. Cleanest.] Etym: [OE. clene,
AS. cl; akin to OHG. chleini pure, neat, graceful, small, G. klein
small, and perh. to W. glan clean, pure, bright; all perh. from a
primitive, meaning bright, shining. Cf. Glair.]

1. Free from dirt or filth; as, clean clothes.

2. Free from that which is useless or injurious; without defects; as,
clean land; clean timber.

3. Free from awkwardness; not bungling; adroit; dexterous; as, aclean
trick; a clean leap over a fence.

4. Free from errors and vulgarisms; as, a clean style.

5. Free from restraint or neglect; complete; entire.
When ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make clean
riddance of corners of thy field. Le

6. Free from moral defilement; sinless; pure.
Create in me a clean heart, O God. Ps. li. 10
That I am whole, and clean, and meet for Heaven Tennyson.

7. (Script.)

Defn: Free from ceremonial defilement.

8. Free from that which is corrupting to the morals; pure in tone;
healthy. "Lothair is clean." F. Harrison.

9. Well-proportioned; shapely; as, clean limbs. A clean bill of
health, a certificate from the proper authrity that a ship is free
from infection.
 -- Clean breach. See under Breach, n., 4.
 -- To make a clean breast. See under Breast.

CLEAN
Clean, adv.

1. Without limitation or remainder; quite; perfectly; wholly;
entirely. "Domestic broils clean overblown." Shak. "Clean contrary."
Milton.
All the people were passed clean over Jordan. Josh. iii. 17.

2. Without miscarriage; not bunglingly; dexterously. [Obs.] "Pope
came off clean with Homer." Henley.

CLEAN
Clean, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cleaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Cleaning.] Etym:
[See Clean, a., and cf. Cleanse.]

Defn: To render clean; to free from whatever is foul, offensive, or
extraneous; to purify; to cleanse. To clean out, to exhaust; to
empty; to get away from (one) all his money. [Colloq.] De Quincey.

CLEAN-CUT
Clean"-cut`, a.

Defn: See Clear-cut.

CLEANER
Clean"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, cleans.

CLEANING
Clean"ing, n.

1. The act of making clean.

2. The afterbirth of cows, ewes, etc. Gardner.

CLEANLILY
Clean"li*ly, adv.

Defn: In a cleanly manner.

CLEAN-LIMBED
Clean"-limbed`, a.

Defn: With well-proportioned, unblemished limbs; as, a clean-limbed
young fellow. Dickens.

CLEANLINESS
Clean"li*ness, n. Etym: [From Cleanly.]

Defn: State of being cleanly; neatness of person or dress.
Cleanliness from head to heel. Swift.

CLEANLY
Clean"ly, a. [Compar. Cleanlier; superl. Cleanliest.] Etym: [From
Clean.]

1. Habitually clean; pure; innocent. "Cleanly joys." Glanvill.
Some plain but cleanly country maid. Dryden.
Displays her cleanly platter on the board. Goldsmith.

2. Cleansing; fitted to remove moisture; dirt, etc. [Obs.] "With
cleanly powder dry their hair." Prior.

3. Adroit; skillful; dexterous; artful. [Obs.]
Through his fine handling and his cleanly play. Spenser.

CLEANLY
Clean"ly, adv.

1. In a clean manner; neatly.
He was very cleanly dressed. Dickens.

2. Innocently; without stain. Shak.

3. Adroitly; dexterously. Middleton.

CLEANNESS
Clean"ness, n. Etym: [AS. cl. See Clean.]

1. The state or quality of being clean.

2. Purity of life or language; freedom from licentious courses.
Chaucer.

CLEANSABLE
Cleans"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being cleansed. Sherwood.

CLEANSE
Cleanse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cleansed; p. pr. & vb. n. Cleansing.]
Etym: [AS. clænsian, fr. clæne clean. See Clean.]

Defn: To render clean; to free from fith, pollution, infection,
guilt, etc.; to clean.
If we walk in the light . . . the blood of Jesus Christ his son
cleanseth us from all sin. 1 John i. 7.
Can'st thou not minister to a mind diseased, And with some sweet
oblivious antidote Cleanse the suffed bosom of that perilous stuff
Which weighs upon the heart Shak.

CLEANSER
Cleans"er, n. Etym: [AS. cl.]

Defn: One who, or that which, cleanses; a detergent. Arbuthnot.

CLEAN-TIMBERED
Clean"-tim`bered, a.

Defn: Well-propotioned; symmetrical. [Poetic] Shak.

CLEAR
Clear, a. [Compar. Clearer; superl. Clearest.] Etym: [OE. cler,
cleer, OF. cler, F. clair, fr.L. clarus, clear, broght, loud,
distinct, renownwd; perh. akin to L. clamare to call, E. claim. Cf.
Chanticleer, Clairvoyant, Claret, Clarufy.]

1. Free from opaqueness; transparent; bright; light; luminous;
unclouded.
The stream is so transparent, pure, and clear. Denham.
Fair as the moon, clear as the sun. Canticles vi. 10.

2. Free from ambiquity or indistinctness; lucid; perspicuous; plain;
evident; manifest; indubitable.
One truth is clear; whatever is, is right. Pop

3. Able to perceive clearly; keen; acute; penetrating;
discriminating; as, a clear intellect; a clear head.
Mother of science! now I feel thy power Within me clear, not only to
discern Things in their causes, but to trace the ways Of highest
agents. Milton.

4. Not clouded with passion; serene; cheerful.
With a countenance as clear As friendship wears at feasts. Shak.

5. Easily or distinctly heard; audible; canorous.
Hark! the numbers soft and clear Gently steal upon the ear. Pope.

6. Without mixture; entirely pure; as, clear sand.

7. Without defect or blemish, such as freckles or knots; as, a clear
complexion; clear lumber.

8. Free from guilt or stain; unblemished.
Statesman, yet friend to truth! in soul sincere, In action faithful,
and in honor clear. Pope.

9. Without diminution; in full; net; as, clear profit.
I often wished that I had clear, For life, six hundred pounds a-year.
Swift
.

10. Free from impediment or obstruction; unobstructed; as, a clear
view; to keep clear of debt.
My companion . . . left the way clear for him. Addison.

11. Free from embarrassment; detention, etc.
The cruel corporal whispered in my ear, Five pounds, if rightly
tipped, would set me clear. Gay.
Clear breach. See under Breach, n., 4.
 -- Clear days (Law.), days reckoned from one day to another,
excluding both the first and last day; as, from Sunday to Sunday
there are six clear days.
 -- Clear stuff, boards, planks, etc., free from knots.

Syn.
 -- Manifest; pure; unmixed; pellucid; transparent; luminous;
obvious; visible; plain; evident; apparent; distinct; perspicuous.
See Manifest.

CLEAR
Clear, n. (Carp.)

Defn: Full extent; distance between extreme limits; especially; the
distance between the nearest surfaces of two bodies, or the space
between walls; as, a room ten feet square in the clear.

CLEAR
Clear, adv.

1. In a clear manner; plainly.
Now clear I understand What oft . . . thoughts have searched in vain.
Milton.

2. Without limitation; wholly; quite; entirely; as, to cut a piece
clear off.

CLEAR
Clear, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cleared; p. pr. & vb. n. Clearing.]

1. To render bright, transparent, or undimmed; to free from clouds.
He sweeps the skies and clears the cloudy north. Dryden.

2. To free from impurities; to clarify; to cleanse.

3. To free from obscurity or ambiguity; to relive of perplexity; to
make perspicuous.
Many knotty points there are Which all discuss, but few can clear.
Prior.

4. To render more quick or acute, as the understanding; to make
perspicacious.
Our common prints would clear up their understandings. Addison

5. To free from impediment or incumbrance, from defilement, or from
anything injurious, useless, or offensive; as, to clear land of trees
or brushwood, or from stones; to clear the sight or the voice; to
clear one's self from debt; -- often used with of, off, away, or out.
Clear your mind of cant. Dr. Johnson.
A statue lies hid in a block of marble; and the art of the statuary
only clears away the superfluous matter. Addison.

6. To free from the imputation of guilt; to justify, vindicate, or
acquit; -- often used with from before the thing imputed.
I . . . am sure he will clear me from partiality. Dryden.
How! wouldst thou clear rebellion Addison.

7. To leap or pass by, or over, without touching or fallure; as, to
clear a hedge; to clear a reef.

8. To gain without deduction; to net.
The profit which she cleared on the cargo. Macaulay.
To clear a ship at the customhouse, to exhibit the documents required
by law, give bonds, or perform other acts requisite, and procure a
permission to sail, and such papers as the law requires.
 -- To clear a ship for action, or To clear for action (Naut.), to
remove incumbrances from the decks, and prepare for an engagement.
 -- To clear the land (Naut.), to gain such a distance from shore as
to have sea room, and be out of danger from the land.
 -- To clear hawse (Naut.), to disentangle the cables when twisted.
 -- To clear up, to explain; to dispel, as doubts, cares or fears.

CLEAR
Clear, v. i.

1. To become free from clouds or fog; to become fair; -- often
fallowed by up, off, or away.
So foul a sky clears without a strom. Shak.
Advise him to stay till the weather clears up. Swift.

2. To disengage one's self frpm incumbrances, distress, or
entanglements; to become free. [He that clears at once will relapse;
for finding himself out of straits, he will revert to the customs;
but he that cleareth by degrees induceth a habit of frugality. Bacon.

3. (Banking)

Defn: To make exchanges of checks and bills, and settle balances, as
is done in a clearing house.

4. To obtain a clearance; as, the steamer cleared for Liverpool to-
day.
To clear out, to go or run away; to depart. [Colloq.]

CLEARAGE
Clear"age, n.

Defn: The act of reforming anything; clearance. [R.]

CLEARANCE
Clear"ance, n.

1. The act of clearing; as, to make a through clearance.

2. A certificate that a ship or vessel has been cleared at the
customhouse; permission to sail.
Every ship was subject to seizure for want of stamped clearances.
Durke

3. Clear or net profit. Trollope.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: The distance by which one object clears another, as the
distance between the piston and cylinder head at the end of a stroke
in a steam engine, or the least distance between the point of a
cogwell tooth and the bottom of a space between teeth of a wheel with
which it engages. Clearance space (Steam engine), the space inclosed
in one end of the cylinder, between the valve or valves and the
piston, at the beginning of a stroke; waste room. It includes the
space caused by the piston's clearance and the space in ports,
passageways, etc. Its volume is often expressed as a certain
proportion of the volume swept by the piston in a single stroke.

CLEARCOLE
Clear"cole`, n. [F. claire colle clear glue; clair clear (f. claire)
+ colle glue, Gr. ]

Defn: A priming of size mixed with whiting or white lead, used in
house painting, etc.; also, a size upon which gold leaf is applied in
gilding.

CLEARCOLE
Clear"cole`, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Clearcoled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Clearcoling.]

Defn: To coat or paint with clearcole.

CLEAR-CUT
Clear"-cut`, a.

1. Having a sharp, distinct outline, like that of a cameo.
She has . . . a cold and clear-cut face. Tennyson.

2. Concisely and distinctly expressed.

CLEAREDNESS
Clear"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being cleared.
Imputed by his friends to the clearedness, by his foes to the
searedness, of his conscience. T. Fuller.

CLEARER
Clear"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, clears.
Gold is a wonderful clearer of the understanding. Addison.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A tool of which the hemp for lines and twines, used by
sailmakers, is finished.

CLEAR-HEADED
Clear"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a clear understanding; quick of perception; intelligent.
"He was laborious and clear-headed." Macaulay.
 -- Clear"-head`ed*ness, n.

CLEARING
Clear"ing, n.

1. The act or process of making clear.
The better clearing of this point. South.

2. A tract of land cleared of wood for cultivation.
A lonely clearing on the shores of Moxie Lake. J. Burroughs.

3. A method adopted by banks and bankers for making an exchange of
checks held by each against the others, and settling differences of
accounts.

Note: In England, a similar method has been adopted by railroads for
adjusting their accounts with each other.

4. The gross amount of the balances adjusted in the clearing house.
Clearing house, the establishment where the business of clearing is
carried on. See above, 3.

CLEARLY
Clear"ly, adv.

Defn: In a clear manner.

CLEARNESS
Clear"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being clear.

Syn.
 -- Clearness, Perspicuity. Clearness has reference to our ideas, and
springs from a distinct conception of the subject under
consideration. Perspicuity has reference to the mode of expressing
our ideas and belongs essentially to style. Hence we speak of a
writer as having clear ideas, a clear arrangement, and perspicuous
phraseology. We do at times speak of a person's having great
clearness of style; but in such cases we are usually thinking of the
clearness of his ideas as manifested in language. "Whenever men think
clearly, and are thoroughly interested, they express themselves with
perspicuity and force." Robertson.

CLEAR-SEEING
Clear"-see`ing, a.

Defn: Having a clear physical or mental vision; having a clear
understanding.

CLEAR-SHINING
Clear"-shin`ing, a.

Defn: Shining brightly. Shak.

CLEAR-SIGHTED
Clear"-sight`ed, a.

Defn: Seeing with clearness; discerning; as, clear-sighted reason

CLEAR-SIGHTEDNESS
Clear"-sight`ed*ness, n.

Defn: Acute discernment.

CLEARSTARCH
Clear"starch`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clearstarched; p. pr. & vb. n.
Clearstraching.]

Defn: To stiffen with starch, and then make clear by clapping with
the hands; as, to clearstarch muslin.

CLEARSTARCHER
Clear"starch`er, n.

Defn: One who clearstarches.

CLEARSTORY; CLERESTORY
Clear"sto`ry, Clere"sto`ry, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The upper story of the nave of a church, containing windows,
and rising above the aisle roofs.

CLEARWING
Clear"wing`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lepidop terous insect with partially transparent wings, of
the family Ægeriadæ, of which the currant and peach-tree borers are
examples.

CLEAT
Cleat (klet), n. Etym: [OE. clete wedge; cf.D. kloot ball, Ger.
kloss, klotz, lump. clod, MHG. kloz lump, ball, wedge, OHG. chloz
ball, round mass.]

1. (Carp.)

Defn: A strip of wood or iron fastened on transversely to something
in order to give strength, prevent warping, hold position, etc.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A device made of wood or metal, having two arms, around which
turns may be taken with a line or rope so as to hold securely and yet
be readily released. It is bolted by the middle to a deck or mast,
etc., or it may be lashed to a rope.

CLEAT
Cleat, v. t.

Defn: To strengthen with a cleat.

CLEAVABLE
Cleav"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of cleaving or being divided.

CLEAVAGE
Cleav"age, n.

1. The act of cleaving or splitting.

2. (Crystallog.)

Defn: The quality possessed by many crystallized substances of
splitting readily in one or more definite directions, in which the
cohesive attraction is a minimum, affording more or less smooth
surfaces; the direction of the dividing plane; a fragment obtained by
cleaving, as of a diamond. See Parting.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: Division into laminæ, like slate, with the lamination not
necessarily parallel to the plane of deposition; -- usually produced
by pressure. Basal cleavage, cleavage parallel to the base of a
crystal, or to the plane of the lateral axes.
 -- Cell cleavage (Biol.), multiplication of cells by fission. See
Segmentation.
 -- Cubuc cleavage, cleavage parallel to the faces of a cube.
 -- Diagonal cleavage, cleavage parallel to ta diagonal plane.
 -- Egg clavage. (Biol.) See Segmentation.
 -- Lateral cleavage, cleavage parallel to the lateral planes.
 -- Octahedral, Dodecahedral, or Rhombohedral, cleavage, cleavage
parallel to the faces of an octahedron, dodecahedron, or
rhombohedron.
 -- Prismatic cleavage, cleavage parallel to a vertical prism.

CLEAVE
Cleave, v. i. [.. Cleaved (, Clave (, (Obs.); p. p. Cleaved; p. pr. &
vb. n. Cleaving.] Etym: [OE. cleovien, clivien, cliven, AS. cleofian,
clifian; akin to OS. klibon, G. kleben, LG. kliven, D. kleven, Dan.
klæbe, Sw. klibba, and also to G. kleiben to cleve, paste, Icel.
klifa to climb. Cf. Climb.]

1. To adhere closely; to stick; to hold fast; to cling.
My bones cleave to my skin. Ps. cii. 5.
The diseases of Egypt . . . shall cleave unto thee. Deut. xxviii. 60.
Sophistry cleaves close to and protects Sin's rotten trunk,
concealing its defects. Cowper.

2. To unite or be united closely in interest or affection; to adhere
with strong attachment.
Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall
cleave unto his wife. Gen. ii. 24.
Cleave unto the Lord your God. Josh. xxiii. 8.

3. To fit; to be adapted; to assimilate. [Poetic.]
New honors come upon him, Like our strange garments, cleave not to
their mold But with the aid of use. Shak.

CLEAVE
Cleave, v. t. [imp. Cleft, Clave (, Clove (, (Obsolescent); p. p.
Cleft, Cleaved ( or Cloven (; p. pr. & vb. n. Cleaving.] Etym: [OE.
cleoven, cleven, AS. cleófan; akin to OS. klioban, D. klooven, G.
klieben, Icel. kljufa, Sw. klyfva, Dan. klöve and prob. to Gr.
glubere to peel. Cf. Cleft.]

1. To part or divide by force; to split or rive; to cut.
O Hamlet, thou hast cleft my heart in twain. Shak.

2. To pert or open naturally; to divide.
Every beast that parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the cleft into two
claws. Deut. xiv. 6.

CLEAVE
Cleave, v. i.

Defn: To part; to open; to crack; to separate; as parts of bodies;
as, the ground cleaves by frost.
The Mount of Olives shall cleave in the midst. Zech. xiv. 4.

CLEAVELANDITE
Cleave"land*ite, n. Etym: [From Professor Parker Cleaveland.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of albite, white and lamellar in structure.

CLEAVER
Cleav"er, n.

Defn: One who cleaves, or that which cleaves; especially, a butcher's
instrument for cutting animal bodies into joints or pieces.

CLEAVERS
Cleav"ers, n. Etym: [From Cleave to stick.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Galium (G. Aparine), having a fruit set with
hooked bristles, which adhere to whatever they come in contact with;
-- called also, goose grass, catchweed, etc.

CLECHE
Clé`ché", a. Etym: [F. cléché.] (Her.)

Defn: Charged with another bearing of the same figure, and of the
color of the field, so large that only a narrow border of the first
bearing remains visible; -- said of any heraldic bearing. Compare
Voided.

CLECHY
Cle"chy, a.

Defn: See Cléché.

CLEDGE
Cledge, n. Etym: [Cf. Clay.] (Mining.)

Defn: The upper stratum of fuller's earth.

CLEDGY
Cledg"y, a.

Defn: Stiff, stubborn, clayey, or tenacious; as, a cledgy soil.
Halliwell.

CLEE
Clee, n.

Defn: A claw. [Holland.

CLEE
Clee, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The redshank.

CLEEK
Cleek, n.

1. A large hook or crook, as for a pot over a fire; specif., an iron-
headed golf club with a straight, narrow face and a long shaft.

2.  Act of cleeking; a clutch. [Scot.]

CLEEK
Cleek, v. t.  [pret. Claught; pret. & p. p. Cleeked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cleeking.] [ME. cleken, clechen, to seize, clutch; perh. akin to E.
clutch.] [Scot & Dial. Eng.]

1.

Defn: To seize; clutch; snatch; catch; pluck.

2.  To catch or draw out with a cleek, as a fish; to hook.

3. To hook or link (together); hence, to marry.  Scott.

CLEF
Clef, n. Etym: [F. clef key, a key in music, fr. L. clavis key. See
Clavicle.] (Mus.)

Defn: A character used in musical notation to determine the position
and pitch of the scale as represented on the staff.

Note: The clefs are three in number, called the C, F, and G clefs,
and are probably corruptions or modifications of these letters. They
indicate that the letters of absolute pitch belonging to the lines
upon which they are placed, are respectively C, F, and G. The F or
bass clef, and the G or treble clef, are fixed in their positions
upon the staff. The C clef may have three positions. It may be placed
upon the first or lower line of the staff, in which case it is called
soprano clef, upon the third line, in which case it called alto clef,
or upon the fourth line, in which case tenor clef. It rarely or never
is placed upon the second line, except in ancient music. See other
forms of C clef under C, 2. Alto clef, Bass clef. See under Alto,
Bass.

CLEFT
Cleft, imp. & p. p.

Defn: from Cleave.

CLEFT
Cleft, a.

1. Divided; split; partly divided or split.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Incised nearly to the midrob; as, a cleft leaf.

CLEFT
Cleft, n. Etym: [OE. clift; cf. Sw. klyft cave, den, Icel. kluft
cleft, Dan. klöft, G. kluft. See Cleave to split and cf. 2d Clift,
1st Clough.]

1. A space or opening made by splitting; a crack; a crevice; as, the
cleft of a rock. Is. ii. 21.

2. A piece made by splitting; as, a cleft of wood.

3. (Far.)

Defn: A disease in horses; a crack on the band of the pastern.
Branchial clefts. See under Branchial.

Syn.
 -- Crack; crevice; fissure; chink; cranny.

CLEFT-FOOTED
Cleft"-foot`ed, a.

Defn: Having a cloven foot.

CLEFTGRAFT
Cleft"graft`, v. t.

Defn: To ingraft by cleaving the stock and inserting a scion.
Mortimer.

CLEG
Cleg, n. Etym: [Northern Eng. & Scot. gleg: cf. Gael. crethleag.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A small breeze or horsefly. [North of Eng. & Scot.] Jamieson.

CLEISTOGAMIC; CLEISTOGAMOUS
Cleis`to*gam"ic, Cleis*tog"a*mous a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having, beside the usual flowers, other minute, closed flowers,
without petals or with minute petals; -- said of certain species of
plants which possess flowers of two or more kinds, the closed ones
being so constituted as to insure self-fertilization. Darwin.

CLEM
Clem, v. t. & i. Etym: [Cf. clam to clog, or G. klemmen to pinch,
Icel. kl, E. clamp.]

Defn: To starve; to famish. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

CLEMATIS
Clem"a*tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of flowering plants, of many species, mostly climbers,
having feathery styles, which greatly enlarge in the fruit; -- called
also virgin's bower.

CLEMENCE
Clem"ence, n.

Defn: Clemency. [Obs.] Spenser.

CLEMENCY
Clem"en*cy, n.; pl. Clemencies. Etym: [L. clementia, fr. clemens
mild, calm.]

1. Disposition to forgive and spare, as offenders; mildness of
temper; gentleness; tenderness; mercy.
Great clemency and tender zeal toward their subjects. Stowe.
They had applied for the royal clemency. Macaulay.

2. Mildness or softness of the elements; as, the clemency of the
season.

Syn.
 -- Mildness; tenderness; indulgence; lenity; mercy; gentleness;
compassion; kindness.

CLEMENT
Clem"ent, a. Etym: [L. clemens; -entis; cf. F. cl.]

Defn: Mild in temper and disposition; merciful; compassionate. Shak.
 -- Clem"ent*ly, adv.

CLEMENTINE
Clem"ent*ine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Clement, esp. to St.Clement of Rome and the
spurious homilies attributed to him, or to Pope Clement V. and his
compilations of canon law.

CLENCH
Clench, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Clinch.

CLEOPATRA'S NEEDLE
Cle`o*pa"tra's nee"dle. [So named after Cleopatra, queen of Egypt.]

Defn: Either of two obelisks which were moved in ancient times from
Heliopolis to Alexandria, one of which is now on the Thames
Embankment in London, and the other in Central Park, in the City of
New York.

 Some writers consider that only the obelisk now in Central Park is
properly called Cleopatra's needle.

CLEPE
Clepe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cleped or; p. pr. & vb. n. Cleping. Cf.
Ycleped.] Etym: [AS. clepan, cleopian, clipian, clypian, to cry,
call.]

Defn: To call, or name. [Obs.]
That other son was cleped Cambalo. Chaucer.

CLEPE
Clepe, v. i.

Defn: To make appeal; to cry out. [Obs.]
Wandering in woe, and to the heavens on high Cleping for vengeance of
this treachery. Mir. for Mag.

CLEPSINE
Clep"si*ne, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of freshwater leeches, furnished with a proboscis. They
feed upon mollusks and worms.

CLEPSYDRA
Clep"sy*dra, n. Etym: [L. from Gr.

Defn: A water clock; a contrivance for measuring time by the
graduated flow of a liquid, as of water, through a small aperture.
See Illust. in Appendix.

CLEPTOMANIA
Clep`to*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Kleptomania.

CLERESTORY
Clere"sto`ry, n.

Defn: Same as Clearstory.

CLERGEON
Cler"geon, n. Etym: [F., dim. of clerc. See Clerk.]

Defn: A chorister boy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CLERGIAL
Cler"gi*al, a.

Defn: Learned; erudite; clercial. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CLERGICAL
Cler"gi*cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the clergy; clerical; clerkily; learned.
[Obs.] Milton.

CLERGY
Cler"gy, n. Etym: [OE. clergie, clergi, clerge, OF. clergie, F.
clergie (fr. clerc clerc, fr. L. clericus priest) confused with OF.
clergié, F. clergé, fr. LL. clericatus office of priest, monastic
life, fr. L. clericus priest, LL. scholar, clerc. Both the Old French
words meant clergy, in sense 1, the former having also sense 2. See
Clerk.]

1. The body of men set apart, by due ordination, to the service of
God, in the Christian church, in distinction from the laity; in
England, usually restricted to the ministers of the Established
Church. Hooker.

2. Learning; also, a learned profession. [Obs.]
Sophictry . . . rhetoric, and other cleargy. Guy of Warwick.
Put their second sons to learn some clergy. State Papers (1515).

3. The privilege or benefit of clergy.
If convicted of a clergyable felony, he is entitled equally to his
clergy after as before conviction. Blackstone.
Benefit of clergy (Eng., Law), the exemption of the persons of
clergymen from criminal process before a secular judge -- a privilege
which was extended to all who could read, such persons being, in the
eye of the law, clerici, or clerks. This privilege was abridged and
modified by various statutes, and finally abolished in the reign of
George IV. (1827).
 -- Regular clergy, Secular clergy See Regular, n., and Secular, a.

CLERGYABLE
Cler"gy*a*ble, a.

Defn: Entitled to, or admitting, the benefit of clergy; as, a
clergyable felony. Blackstone.

CLERGYMAN
Cler"gy*man, n.; pl. Clergymen.

Defn: An ordained minister; a man regularly authorized to peach the
gospel, and administer its ordinances; in England usually restricted
to a minister of the Established Church.

CLERIC
Cler"ic, n. Etym: [AS., fr. L. clericus. See Clerk.]

Defn: A clerk, a clergyman. [R.] Bp. Horsley.

CLERIC
Cler"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Clerical.

CLERICAL
Cler"ic*al, a. Etym: [LL. clericalis. See Clerk.]

1. Of or pertaining to the clergy; suitable for the clergy. "A
clerical education." Burke.

2. Of or relating to a clerk or copyist, or to writing. "Clerical
work." E. Everett. A clerical error, an error made in copying or
writing.

CLERICALISM
Cler"ic*al*ism, n.

Defn: An excessive devotion to the interests of the sacerdotal order;
undue influence of the clergy; sacerdotalism.

CLERICITY
Cler*ic"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being a clergyman.

CLERISY
Cler"i*sy, n. Etym: [LL. clericia. See Clergy.]

1. The literati, or well educated class.

2. The clergy, or their opinions, as opposed to the laity.

CLERK
Clerk (; in Eng. ; 277), n. Etym: [Either OF. clerc, fr. L. clericus
a priest, or AS. clerc, cleric, clerk, priest, fr. L. clericus, fr.
Gr. Clergy.]

1. A clergyman or ecclesiastic. [Obs.]
All persons were styled clerks that served in the church of Christ.
Ayliffe.

2. A man who could read; a scholar; a learned person; a man of
letters. [Obs.] "Every one that could read . . . being accounted a
clerk." Blackstone.
He was no great clerk, but he was perfectly well versed in the
interests of Europe. Burke.

3. A parish officer, being a layman who leads in reading the
responses of the Episcopal church service, and otherwise assists in
it. [Eng.] Hook.
And like unlettered clerk still cry "Amen". Shak.

4. One employed to keep records or accounts; a scribe; an accountant;
as, the clerk of a court; a town clerk.
The clerk of the crown . . . withdrew the bill. Strype.

Note: In some cases, clerk is synonymous with secretary. A clerk is
always an officer subordinate to a higher officer, board,
corporation, or person; whereas a secretary may be either a
subordinate or the head of an office or department.

5. An assistant in a shop or store. [U. S.]

CLERK-ALE
Clerk"-ale` ( in Eng. , n.

Defn: A feast for the benefit of the parish clerk. [Eng.] T. Warton.

CLERKLESS
Clerk"less, a.

Defn: Unlearned. [Obs.] E. Waterhouse.

CLERKLIKE
Clerk"like`, a.

Defn: Scholarlike. [Obs.] Shak.

CLERKLINESS
Clerk"li*ness, n.

Defn: Scholarship. [Obs.]

CLERKLY
Clerk"ly, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a clerk. Cranmer.

CLERKLY
Clerk"ly, adv.

Defn: In a scholarly manner. [Obs.] Shak.

CLERKSHIP
Clerk"ship, n.

Defn: State, quality, or business of a clerk.

CLEROMANCY
Cler"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy; cf. F. cléromancie.]

Defn: A divination by throwing dice or casting lots.

CLERONOMY
Cle*ron"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Inheritance; heritage.

CLERSTORY
Cler"sto`ry, n.

Defn: See Clearstory.

CLEVER
Clev"er, a. Etym: [Origin uncertain. Cf. OE. cliver eager, AS. clyfer
(in comp.) cloven; or clifer a claw, perh. connected with E. cleave
to divide, split, the meaning of E. clever perh. coming from the idea
of grasping, seizing (with the mind).]

1. Possessing quickness of intellect, skill, dexterity, talent, or
adroitness; expert.
Though there were many clever men in England during the latter half
of the seventeenth century, there were only two great creative minds.
Macaulay.
Be good, sweet maid, and let who will be clever. C. Kingsley.

2. Showing skill or adroitness in the doer or former; as, a clever
speech; a clever trick. Byron.

3. Having fitness, propriety, or suitableness.
"T would sound more clever To me and to my heirs forever. Swift.

4. Well-shaped; handsome. "The girl was a tight, clever wench as any
was." Arbuthnot.

5. Good-natured; obliging. [U. S.]

Syn.
 -- See Smart.

CLEVERISH
Clev"er*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat clever. [R.]

CLEVERLY
Clev"er*ly, adv.

Defn: In a clever manner.
Never was man so clever absurd. C. Smart.

CLEVERNESS
Clev"er*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being clever; skill; dexterity; adroitness.

Syn.
 -- See Ingenuity.

CLEVIS
Clev"is, n. Etym: [Cf. Cleave to adhere, Clavel.]

Defn: A piece of metal bent in the form of an oxbow, with the two
ends perforated to receive a pin, used on the end of the tongue of a
plow, wagen, etc., to attach it to a draft chain, whiffletree, etc.;
-- called also clavel, clevy.

CLEW; CLUE
Clew, Clue, n. Etym: [OE. clewe, clowe, clue, AS. cleowen, cliwen,
clywe ball of thread; akin to D. kluwen, OHG. chliwa, chliuwa, G.
dim. kleuel, knäuel, and perch. to L. gluma hull, husk, Skr. glaus
sort of ball or tumor. Perch. akin to E. claw. *26. Cf. Knawel.]

1. A ball of thread, yarn, or cord; also, The thread itself.
Untwisting his deceitful clew. Spenser.

2. That which guides or directs one in anything of a doubtful or
intricate nature; that which gives a hint in the solution of a
mystery.
The clew, without which it was perilous to enter the vast and
intricate maze of countinental politics, was in his hands. Macaulay.

3. (Naut.) (a.)

Defn: A lower corner of a square sail, or the after corner of a fore-
and-aft sail. (b.)

Defn: A loop and thimbles at the corner of a sail. (c.)

Defn: A combination of lines or nettles by which a hammock is
suspended. Clew garnet (Naut.), one of the ropes by which the clews
of the courses of square-rigged vessels are drawn up to the lower
yards.
 -- Clew line (Naut.), a rope by which a clew of one of the smaller
square sails, as topsail, topgallant sail, or royal, is run up to its
yard.
 -- Clew-line block (Naut.), The block through which a clew line
reeves. See Illust. of Block.

CLEW
Clew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. & vb. n. Clewing.] Etym: [Cf. D. kluwenen.
See Clew, n.]

1. To direct; to guide, as by a thread. [Obs.]
Direct and clew me out the way to happiness. Beau. && Fl.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To move of draw (a sail or yard) by means of the clew garnets,
clew lines, etc.; esp. to draw up the clews of a square sail to the
yard. To clew down (Naut.), to force (a yard) down by hauling on the
clew lines.
 -- To clew up (Naut.), to draw (a sail) up to the yard, as for
furling.

CLICHE
Cli`ché", n. Etym: [F. cliché, from clicher to stereotype.]

Defn: A stereotype plate or any similar reproduction of ornament, or
lettering, in relief. Cliché casting, a mode of obtaining an
impression from a die or woodcut, or the like, by striking it
suddenly upon metal which has been fused and is just becoming solid;
also, the casting so obtained.

CLICK
Click, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clicked; p. pr. & vb. n. Clicking.] Etym:
[Prob. an onomatopoetic word: cf. OF. cliquier. See Clack, and cf.
Clink, Clique.]

Defn: To make a slight, sharp noise (or a succession of such noises),
as by gentle striking; to tick.
The varnished clock that clicked behind the door. Goldsmith.

CLICK
Click, v. t.

1. To more with the sound of a click.
She clicked back the bolt which held the window sash. Thackeray.

2. To cause to make a clicking noise, as by striking together, or
against something.
[Jove] clicked all his marble thumbs. Ben Jonson.
When merry milkmaids click the latch. Tennyson.

CLICK
Click, n.

1. A slight sharp noise, such as is made by the cocking of a pistol.

2. A kind of articulation used by the natives of Southern Africa,
consisting in a sudden withdrawal of the end or some other portion of
the tongue from a part of the mouth with which it is in contact,
whereby a sharp, clicking sound is produced. The sounds are four in
number, and are called cerebral, palatal, dental, and lateral clicks
or clucks, the latter being the noise ordinarily used in urging a
horse forward.

CLICK
Click, v. t. Etym: [OE. kleken, clichen. Cf. Clutch.]

Defn: To snatch. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

CLICK
Click, n. Etym: [Cf. 4th Click, and OF. clique latch.]

1. A detent, pawl, or ratchet, as that which catches the cogs of a
ratchet wheel to prevent backward motion. See Illust. of Ratched
wheel.

2. The latch of a door. [Prov. Eng.]

CLICK BEETLE
Click" bee"tle. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Elater.

CLICKER
Click"er, n.

1. One who stands before a shop door to invite people to buy. [Low,
Eng.]

2. (Print.)

Defn: One who as has charge of the work of a companionship.

CLICKET
Click"et, n. Etym: [OF. cliquet the latch of a door. See 5th Click.]

1. The knocker of a door. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A latch key. [Eng.] Chaucer.

CLICKY
Click"y, a.

Defn: Resembling a click; abounding in clicks. "Their strange clicky
language." The Century.

CLIDASTES
Cli*das"tes, n. Etym: [NL., prob. from Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of exinct marine reptiles, allied to the Mosasaurus.
See Illust. in Appendix.

CLIENCY
Cli"en*cy, n.

Defn: State of being a client.

CLIENT
Cli"ent, n. Etym: [L. cliens, -emtis, for cluens, one who hears (in
relation to his protector), a client, fr. L. cluere to be named or
called; akin to Gr. çry, and E. loud: cf. F. client. See Loud.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A citizen who put himself under the protection of a man of
distinction and influence, who was called his patron.

2. A dependent; one under the protection of another.
I do think they are your friends and clients, And fearful to disturb
you. B. Jonson.

3. (Law)

Defn: One who consults a legal adviser, or submits his cause to his
management.

CLIENTAGE
Cli"ent*age, n.

1. State of being client.

2. A body of clients. E. Everett.

CLIENTAL
Cli*en"tal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a client.
A dependent and cliental relation. Burke.
I sat down in the cliental chair. Dickens.

CLIENTED
Cli"ent*ed, a.

Defn: Supplied with clients. [R.]
The least cliented pettifiggers. R. Carew.

CLIENTELAGE
Cli*en"te*lage, n.

Defn: See Clientele, n., 2.

CLIENTELE
Cli`en*tele" ( or ), n. Etym: [L. clientela: cf. F. clientèle.]

1. The condition or position of a client; clientship. [Obs.] Bp.
Hall.

2. The clients or dependents of a nobleman of patron.

3. The persons who make habitual use of the services of another
person; one's clients, collectively; as, the clientele of a lawyer,
doctor, notary, etc.

CLIENTSHIP
Cli"ent*ship, n.

Defn: Condition of a client; state of being under the protection of a
patron. Dryden.

CLIFF
Cliff, n. Etym: [AS. clif, cloef; akin to OS. klif, D. klif, klip,
Icel. klif, Dan. & G. klippe, Sw. klippa; perh. orig. a climbing
place. See Climb.]

Defn: A high, steep rock; a precipice. Cliff swallow (Zoöl.), a North
American swallow (Petrochelidon lunifrons), which builds its nest
against cliffs; the eaves swallow.

CLIFF
Cliff, n. (Mus.)

Defn: See Clef. [Obs.]

CLIFF LIMESTONE
Cliff" lime"stone`. (Geol.)

Defn: A series of limestone strata found in Ohio and farther west,
presenting bluffs along the rivers and valleys, formerly supposed to
be of one formation, but now known to be partly Silurian and partly
Devonian.

CLIFFY
Cliff"y, a.

Defn: Having cliffs; broken; craggy.

CLIFT
Clift, n. Etym: [See 1st Cliff, n.]

Defn: A cliff. [Obs.]
That gainst the craggy clifts did loudly roar. Spenser.

CLIFT
Clift, n. Etym: [See Cleft, n.]

1. A cleft of crack; a narrow opening. [Obs.]

2. The fork of the legs; the crotch. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CLIFTED
Clift"ed, a. Etym: [From Clift a cleft.]

Defn: Broken; fissured.
Climb the Andeclifted side. Grainger.

CLIMACTER
Cli*mac"ter, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. climactère. See Climax.]

Defn: See Climacteric, n.

CLIMACTERIC
Cli*mac"ter*ic ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [L. climactericus, Gr.
Climacter.]

Defn: Relating to a climacteric; critical.

CLIMACTERIC
Cli*mac"ter*ic, n.

1. A period in human life in which some great change is supposed to
take place in the constitution. The critical periods are thought by
some to be the years produced by multiplying 7 into the odd numbers
3, 5, 7, and 9; to which others add the 81st year.

2. Any critical period.
It is your lot, as it was mine, to live during one of the grand
climacterics of the world. Southey.
Grand or Great climacteric, the sixty-third year of human life.
I should hardly yield my rigid fibers to be regenerated by them; nor
begin, in my grand climacteric, to squall in their new accents, or to
stammer, in my second cradle, the elemental sounds of their barbarous
metaphysics. Burke.

CLIMACTERICAL
Clim`ac*ter"ic*al, a. & n.

Defn: See Climacteric. Evelyn.

CLIMACTIC
Cli*mac"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a climax; forming, or of the nature of, a
climax, or ascending series.

A fourth kind of parallelism . . . is still sufficiently marked to be
noticed by the side of those described by Lowth, viz., climactic
parallelism (sometimes called "ascending rhythm").
S. R. Driver.

CLIMATAL
Cli"ma*tal, a.

Defn: Climatic. Dunglison.

CLIMATARCHIC
Cli`ma*tar"chic, a. Etym: [Climate + Gr.

Defn: Presiding over, or regulating, climates.

CLIMATE
Cli"mate, n. Etym: [F. climat, L. clima, -atis, fr. Gr. lean, v. i.
See Lean, v. i., and cf. Clime.]

1. (Anc. Geog.)

Defn: One of thirty regions or zones, parallel to the equator, into
which the surface of the earth from the equator to the pole was
divided, according to the successive increase of the length of the
midsummer day.

2. The condition of a place in relation to various phenomena of the
atmosphere, as temperature, moisture, etc., especially as they affect
animal or vegetable life.

CLIMATE
Cli"mate, v. i.

Defn: To dwell. [Poetic] Shak.

CLIMATIC
Cli*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a climate; depending on, or limited by, a
climate.

CLIMATICAL
Cli*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Climatic.

CLIMATIZE
Cli"ma*tize, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Climatized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Climatizing.]

Defn: To acclimate or become acclimated.

CLIMATOGRAPHY
Cli`ma*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Climate + -graphy.]

Defn: A description of climates.

CLIMATOLOGICAL
Cli`ma*to*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to climatology.

CLIMATOLOGIST
Cli`ma*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in, or who studies, climatology.

CLIMATOLOGY
Cli`ma*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Climate + -logy: cf. F. climatologie.]

Defn: The science which treats of climates and investigates their
phenomena and causes. Brande & C.

CLIMATURE
Cli"ma*ture, n. Etym: [Cf. F. climature.]

Defn: A climate. [Obs.] Shak.

CLIMAX
Cli"max, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. Ladder, Lean, v. i.]

1. Upward movement; steady increase; gradation; ascent. Glanvill.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of which the parts of a sentence or paragraph are so
arranged that each sicceeding one rise
"Tribulation worketh patience, patience experience, and experience
hope" -- a happy climax. J. D. Forbes.

3. The highest point; the greatest degree.
We must look higher for the climax of earthly good. I. Taylor.
To cap the climax, to surpass everything, as in excellence or in
absurdity. [Colloq.]

CLIMB
Climb, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Climbed, Obs. or Vulgar Clomb (; p. pr. &
vb. n. Climbing.] Etym: [AS. climban; akin to OHG. chlimban, G. & D.
klimmen, Icel. klifa, and E. cleave to adhere.]

1. To ascend or mount laboriously, esp. by use of the hands and feet.

2. To ascend as if with effort; to rise to a higher point.
Black vapors climb aloft, and cloud the day. Dryden.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: To ascend or creep upward by twining about a support, or by
attaching itself by tendrills, rootlets, etc., to a support or
upright surface.

CLIMB
Climb, v. t.

Defn: To ascend, as by means of the hands and feet, or laboriously or
slowly; to mount.

CLIMB
Climb, n.

Defn: The act of one who climbs; ascent by climbing. Warburton.

CLIMBABLE
Climb"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being climbed.

CLIMBER
Climb"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, climbs:
(a) (Bot.) A plant that climbs.
(b) (Zoöl.) A bird that climbs, as a woodpecker or a parrot.

CLIMBER
Climb"er, v. i. Etym: [From Climb; cf. Clamber.]

Defn: To climb; to mount with effort; to clamber. [Obs.] Tusser.

CLIMBING
Climb"ing,

Defn: p. pr. & vb. n. of Climb. Climbing fern. See under Fern.
 -- Climbing perch. (Zoöl.) See Anabas, and Labyrinthici.

CLIME
Clime, n. Etym: [L. clima. See Climate.]

Defn: A climate; a tract or region of the earth. See Climate.
Turn we to sutvey, Where rougher climes a nobler race display.
Goldsmith.

CLINANTHIUM
Cli*nan"thi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The receptacle of the flowers in a composite plant; -- also
called clinium.

CLINCH
Clinch (; 224), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clinched; p. pr. & vb. n.
Clinching.] Etym: [OE. clenchen, prop. causative of clink to cause to
clink, to strike; cf. D. klinken to tinkle, rivet. See Clink.]

1. To hold firmly; to hold fast by grasping or embracing tightly.
"Clinch the pointed spear." Dryden.

2. To set closely together; to close tightly; as, to clinch the teeth
or the first. Swift.

3. The bend or turn over the point of (something that has been driven
trough an object), so that it will hold fast; as, to clinch a nail.

4. To make conclusive; to confirm; to establish; as, to clinch an
argument. South.

CLINCH
Clinch, v. i.

Defn: To hold fast; to grasp something firmly; to seize or grasp one
another.

CLINCH
Clinch, n.

1. The act or process of holding fast; that which serves to hold
fast; a grip; a grasp; a clamp; a holdfast; as, to get a good clinch
of an antagonist, or of a weapon; to secure anything by a clinch.

2. A pun. Pope.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A hitch or bend by which a rope is made fast to the ring of an
anchor, or the breeching of a ship's gun to the ringbolts.

CLINCHER
Clinch"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, clinches; that which holds fast. Pope.

2. That which ends a dispute or controversy; a decisive argument.

CLINCHER-BUILT
Clinch"er-built, a.

Defn: See Clinker-built.

CLING
Cling, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clung, Clong (Obs.); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clinging.] Etym: [AS. clingan to adhere, to wither; akin to Dan.
klynge to cluster, crowd. Cf. Clump.]

Defn: To adhere closely; to stick; to hold fast, especially by
twining round or embracing; as, the tendril of a vine clings to its
support; -- usually followed by to or together.
And what hath life for thee That thou shouldst cling to it thus Mrs.
Hemans.

CLING
Cling, v. t.

1. To cause to adhere to, especially by twining round or embraching.
[Obs.]
I clung legs as close to his side as I could. Swift.

2. To make to dry up or wither. [Obs.]
If thou speak'st false, Upon the next tree shalt thou hang alive,
Till famine cling thee. Shak.

CLING
Cling, n.

Defn: Adherence; attachment; devotion. [R.]
A more tenacious cling to worldly respects. Milton.

CLINGSTONE
Cling"stone`, a.

Defn: Having the flesh attached closely to the stone, as in some
kinds of peaches.
 -- n.

Defn: A fruit, as a peach, whose flesh adheres to the stone.

CLINGY
Cling"y, a.

Defn: Apt to cling; adhesive. [R.]

CLINIC
Clin"ic, n. Etym: [See Clinical.]

1. One confined to the bed by sickness.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: One who receives baptism on a sick bed. [Obs.] Hook.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A school, or a session of a school or class, in which medicine
or surgery is taught by the examination and treatment of patients in
the presence of the pupils.

CLINICAL; CLINIC
Clin"ic*al, Clin"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. clinique. See Lean, v. i.]

1. Of or pertaining to a bed, especially, a sick bed.

2. Of or pertaining to a clinic, or to the study of disease in the
living subject. Clinical baptism, baptism administered to a person on
a sick bed.
 -- Clinical instruction, instruction by means of clinics.
 -- Clinical lecture (Med.), a discourse upon medical topics
illustrared by the exhibition and examination of living patients.
 -- Clinical medicine, Clinical surgery, that part of medicine or
surgery which is occupied with the investigation of disease in the
living subject.

CLINICALLY
Clin"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a clinical manner.

CLINIQUE
Cli*nique", n. Etym: [F.] (Med.)

Defn: A clinic.

CLINIUM
Clin"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: See Clinanthium.

CLINK
Clink, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clinked; p. pr. & vb. n. Clinking.] Etym:
[OE. clinken; akin to G. klingen, D. klinken, SW. klinga, Dan.
klinge; prob. of imitative origin. Cf. Clank, Clench, Click, v. i.]

Defn: To cause to give out a slight, sharp, tinkling, sound, as by
striking metallic or other sonorous bodies together.
And let me the canakin clink. Shak.

CLINK
Clink, v. i.

1. To give out a slight, sharp, thinkling sound. "The clinking
latch." Tennyson.

2. To rhyme. [Humorous]. Cowper.

CLINK
Clink, n.

Defn: A slight, sharp, tinkling sound, made by the collision of
sonorous bodies. "Clink and fall of swords." Shak.

CLINKANT
Clin"kant, a.

Defn: See Clnquant.

CLINKER
Clink"er, n. Etym: [From clink; cf. D. clinker a brick which is so
hard that it makes a sonorous sound, from clinken to clink. Cf.
Clinkstone.]

1. A mass composed of several bricks run together by the action of
the fire in the kiln.

2. Scoria or vitrified incombustible matter, formed in a grate or
furnace where anthracite coal in used; vitrified or burnt matter
ejected from a volcano; slag.

3. A scale of oxide of iron, formed in forging.

4. A kind of brick. See Dutch klinker, under Dutch.

CLINKER-BUILT
Clink"er-built, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Having the side planks (af a boat) so arranged that the lower
edge of each overlaps the upper edge of the plank next below it like
clapboards on a house. See Lapstreak.

CLINKSTONE
Clink"stone` (; 110), n. Etym: [Clink + stone; -- from its
sonorousness.] (Min.)

Defn: An igneous rock of feldspathic composition, lamellar in
structure, and clinking under the hammer. See Phonolite.

CLINODIAGONAL
Cli`no*di*ag"o*nal, n. Etym: [Gr. diagonal.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: That diagonal or lateral axis in a monoclinic crystal which
makes an oblique angle witch the vertical axis. See Crystallization.
 -- a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or the direction of, the clinidiagonal.

CLINODOME
Cli"no*dome`, n. Etym: [Gr. dome.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: See under Dome.

CLINOGRAPHIC
Cli"no*graph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. + -graph.]

Defn: Pertaining to that mode of projection in drawing in which the
rays of light are supposed to fall obliquely on the plane of
projection.

CLINOID
Cli"noid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Like a bed; -- applied to several processes on the inner side
of the sphenoid bone.

CLINOMETER
Cli*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Geol.)

Defn: An instrument for determining the dip of beds or strata, pr the
slope of an embankment or cutting; a kind of plumb level. Dana.

CLINOMETRIC
Clin`o*met"ric, a.

1. Pertaining to, or ascertained by, the clinometer.

2. Pertaining to the oblique crystalline forms, or to solids which
have oblique angles between the axes; as, the clinometric systems.

CLINOMETRY
Cli*nom"e*try, n. (geol.)

Defn: That art or operation of measuring the inclination of strata.

CLINOPINACOID
Cli`no*pin"a*coid, n. Etym: [Gr. pinacoid.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: The plane in crystals of the monoclinic system which is
parallel to the vertical and the inclined lateral (clinidiagonal)
axes.

CLINORHOMBIC
Cli`no*rhom"bic, a. Etym: [Gr. rhombic: cf. F. clinorhombique.]
(Crystallog.)

Defn: Possessing the qualities of a prism, obliquely inclined to a
rhombic base; monoclinic.

CLINOSTAT
Cli"no*stat, n. [Gr.  to incline +  to make to stand.] (Bot.)

Defn: An apparatus consisting of a slowly revolving disk, usually
regulated by  clockwork, by means of wich the action of external
agents, as light and gravity, on growing plants may be regulated or
eliminated.

CLINQUANT
Clin"quant, a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Glittering; dressed in, or overlaid with, tinsel finery. [Obs.]
Shak.

CLINQUANT
Clin"quant, n.

Defn: Tinse;l; Dutch gold.

CLIO
Cli"o, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The Muse who presided over history.

CLIONE
Cli*o"ne, n.

Defn: A genus of naked pteropods. One species (Clione papilonacea),
abundant in the Arctic Ocean, constitutes a part of the food of the
Greenland whale. It is sometimes incorrectly called Clio.

CLIP
Clip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clipped (; p. pr. & vb. n. Clipping.] Etym:
[OE. cluppen, clippen, to embrace, AS. clyran to embrace, clasp; cf.
OHG. kluft tongs, shears, Icel, klypa to pinch, squeeze, also OE.
clippen to cut, shear, Dan. klippe to clip, cut, SW. & Icel. klippa.]

1. To embrace, hence; to encompass.
O . . . that Neptune's arms, who clippeth thee about, Would bear thee
from the knowledge of thyself. Shak.

2. To cut off; as with shears or scissors; as, to clip the hair; to
clip coin.
Sentenced to have his ears clipped. Macaulay.

3. To curtail; to cut short.
All my reports go with the modest truth; No more nor clipped, but so.
Shak.
In London they clip their words after one manner about the court,
another in the city, and a third in the suburbs. Swift.

CLIP
Clip, v. i.

Defn: To move swiftly; -- usually with indefinite it.
Straight flies as chek, and clips it down the wind. Dryden.

CLIP
Clip, n.

1. An embrace. Sir P. Sidney.

2. A cutting; a shearing.

3. The product of a single shearing of sheep; a season's crop of
wool.

4. A clasp or holder for letters, papers, etc.

5. An embracing strap for holding parts together; the iron strap,
with loop, at the ends of a whiffletree. Knight.

6. (Far.)

Defn: A projecting flange on the upper edge of a horseshoe, turned up
so as to embrace the lower part of the hoof; -- called also toe clip
and beak. Youatt.

7. A blow or stroke with the hand; as, he hit him a clip. [Colloq. U.
S.]

CLIPPER
Clip"per, n.

1. One who clips; specifically, one who clips off the edges of coin.
The value is pared off from it into the clipper's pocket. Locke.

2. A machine for clipping hair, esp. the hair of horses.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel with a sharp bow, built and rigged for fast sailing.
 -- Clip"per-built` (, a.

Note: The name was first borne by "Baltimore clippers" famous as
privateers in the early wars of the United States.

CLIPPING
Clip"ping, n.

1. The act of embracing. [Obs.]

2. The act of cutting off, curtailing, or diminishing; the practice
of clipping the edges of coins.
clipping by Englishmen is robbing the honest man who receives clipped
money. Locke.

3. That which is clipped off or out of something; a piece separated
by clipping; as, newspaper clippings.

CLIQUE
Clique, n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. cliquer to click. See Click, v. i.]

Defn: A narrow circle of persons associated by common interests or
for the accomplishment of a common purpose; -- generally used in a
bad sense.

CLIQUE
Clique, v. i.

Defn: To To associate together in a clannish way; to act with others
secretly to gain a desired end; to plot; -- used with together.

CLIQUISH
Cli"quish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a clique; disposed to from cliques;
exclusive in spirit.
 -- Cli"*quish*ness, n.

CLIQUISM
Cli"quism, n.

Defn: The tendency to associate in cliques; the spirit of cliques.

CLITELLUS
Cli*tel"lus, n. Etym: [NL., prob. fr. L. clitellae a packsadle.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A thickened glandular portion of the body of the adult
earthworm, consisting of several united segments modified for
reproductive purposes.

CLITORIS
Cli"to*ris ( or ), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. labia pudendi.] (Anat.)

Defn: A small organ at the upper part of the vulva, homologous to the
penis in the male.

CLIVERS
Cliv"ers ( or ), n.

Defn: See Cleavers.

CLIVITY
Cliv"i*ty, n.; pl. Clivities. Etym: [L. clivus hill.]

Defn: Inclination; ascent or descent; a gradient. [R.]

CLOACA
Clo"a"ca, n.; pl. Cloacæ. Etym: [L.]

1. A sewer; as, the Cloaca Maxima of Rome.

2. A privy.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The common chamber into which the intestinal, urinary, and
generative canals discharge in birds, reptiles, amphibians, and many
fishes.

CLOACAL
Clo*a"cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a cloaca.

CLOAK
Cloak (; 110), n. Etym: [Of. cloque cloak (from the bell-like shape),
bell, F. cloche bell; perh. of Celtik origin and the same word as E.
clock. See 1st Clock.]

1. A loose outer garment, extending from the neck downwards, and
commonly without sleeves. It is longer than a cape, and is worn both
by men and by women.

2. That which conceals; a disguise or pretext; an excuse; a fair
pretense; a mask; a cover.
No man is esteemed any ways considerable for policy who wears
religion otherwise than as a cloak. South.
Cloak bag, a bag in which a cloak or other clothes are carried; a
portmanteau. Shak.

CLOAK
Cloak, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cloaked; p. pr. & vb. n. Cloaking.]

Defn: To cover with, or as with, a cloak; hence, to hide or conceal.
Now glooming sadly, so to cloak her matter. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- See Palliate.

CLOAKEDLY
Cloak"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a concealed manner.

CLOAKING
Cloak"ing, n.

1. The act of covering with a cloak; the act of concealing anything.
To take heed of their dissembings and cloakings. Strype.

2. The material of which of which cloaks are made.

CLOAKROOM
Cloak"room`, n.

Defn: A room, attached to any place of public resort, where cloaks,
overcoats, etc., may be deposited for a time.

CLOCHE
Cloche, n. [F., prop., bell.] (Aëronautics)

Defn: An apparatus used in controlling certain kinds of aëroplanes,
and consisting principally of a steering column mounted with a
universal joint at the base, which is bellshaped and has attached to
it the cables for controlling the wing-warping devices, elevator
planes, and the like.

CLOCK
Clock, n. Etym: [AS. clucge bell; akin to D. klok clock, bell, G.
glocke, Dan. klokke, Sw. klocka, Icel. klukka bell, LL. clocca, cloca
(whence F. cloche); al perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. clog
bell, clock, W. cloch bell. Cf. Cloak.]

1. A machine for measuring time, indicating the hour and other
divisions by means of hands moving on a dial plate. Its works are
moved by a weight or a spring, and it is often so constructed as to
tell the hour by the stroke of a hammer on a bell. It is not adapted,
like the watch, to be carried on the person.

2. A watcg, esp. one that strikes. [Obs.] Walton.

3. The striking of a clock. [Obs.] Dryden.

4. A figure or figured work on the ankle or side of a stocking.
Swift.

Note: The phrases what o'clock it is nine o'clock, etc., are
contracted from what of the clock it is nine of the clock, etc. Alarm
clock. See under Alarm.
 -- Astronomical clock. (a) A clock of superior construction, with a
compensating pendulum, etc., to measure time with great accuracy, for
use in astronomical observatories; -- called a regulator when used by
watchmakers as a standard for regulating timepieces. (b) A clock with
mechanism for indicating certain astronomical phenomena, as the
phases of the moon, position of the sun in the ecliptic, equation of
time, etc.
 -- Electric clock. (a) A clock moved or regulated by electricity or
electro-magnetism. (b) A clock connected with an electro-magnetic
recording apparatus.
 -- Ship's clock (Naut.), a clock arranged to strike from one to
eight strokes, at half hourly intervals, marking the divisions of the
ship's watches.
 -- Sidereal clock, an astronomical clock regulated to keep sidereal
time.

CLOCK
Clock, v. t.

Defn: To ornament with figured work, as the side of a stocking.

CLOCK
Clock, v. t. & i.

Defn: To call, as a hen. See Cluck. [R.]

CLOCK
Clock, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large beetle, esp. the European dung beetle (Scarabæus
stercorarius).

CLOCKLIKE
Clock"like`, a.

Defn: Like a clock or like clockwork; mechanical.
Their services are clocklike, to be set Blackward and vorward at
their lord's command. B. Jonson.

CLOCKWISE
Clock"wise`, a. & adv.

Defn: Like the motion of the hands of a clock; -- said of that
direction of a rotation about an axis, or about a point in a plane,
which is ordinarily reckoned negative.

CLOCKWORK
Clock"work`, n.

Defn: The machinery of a clock, or machinary resembling that of a
clock; machinery which produced regularity of movement.

CLOD
Clod, n. Etym: [OE. clodde, latter form of clot. See Clot.]

1. A lump or mass, especially of earth, turf, or clay. "Clods of a
slimy substance." Carew. "Clods of iron and brass." Milton.
"Clods of blood." E. Fairfax.
The earth that casteth up from the plow a great clod, is not so good
as that which casteth up a smaller clod. Bacon.

2. The ground; the earth; a spot of earth or turf.
The clod Where once their sultan's horse has trod. Swift.

3. That which is earthy and of little relative value, as the body of
man in comparison with the soul.
This cold clod of clay which we carry about with us. T. Burnet.

4. A dull, gross, stupid fellow; a dolt Dryden.

5. A pert of the shoulder of a beef creature, or of the neck piece
near the shoulder. See Illust. of Beef.

CLOD
Clod, v.i

Defn: To collect into clods, or into a thick mass; to coagulate; to
clot; as, clodded gore. See Clot.
Clodded in lumps of clay. G. Fletcher.

CLOD
Clod, v. t.

1. To pelt with clods. Jonson.

2. To throw violently; to hurl. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

CLODDISH
Clod"dish, a.

Defn: Resembling clods; gross; low; stupid; boorish. Hawthorne.
 -- Clod"dish*ness, n.

CLODDY
Clod"dy, a.

Defn: Consisting of clods; full of clods.

CLODHOPPER
Clod"hop`per, n.

Defn: A rude, rustic fellow.

CLODHOPPING
Clod"hop`ping, a.

Defn: Boorish; rude. C. Bronté.

CLODPATE
Clod"pate`, n.

Defn: A blockhead; a dolt.

CLODPATED
Clod"pat`ed, a.

Defn: Stupid; dull; doltish.

CLODPOLL
Clod"poll`, n. Etym: [Clod + poll head.]

Defn: A stupid fellow; a dolt. [Written also clodpole.] Shak.

CLOFF
Cloff, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Formerly an allowance of two pounds in every three hundred
weight after the tare and tret are subtracted; now used only in a
general sense, of small deductions from the original weight. [Written
also clough.] McCulloch.

CLOG
Clog, n. Etym: [OE. clogge clog, Scot. clag, n., a clot, v., to to
obstruct, cover with mud or anything adhesive; prob. of the same
origin as E. clay.]

1. That which hinders or impedes motion; hence, an encumbrance,
restraint, or impediment, of any kind.
All the ancient, honest, juridical principles and institutions of
England are so many clogs to check and retard the headlong course of
violence and opression. Burke.

2. A weight, as a log or block of wood, attached to a man or an
animal to hinder motion.
As a dog . . . but chance breaks loose, And quits his clog. Hudibras.
A clog of lead was round my feet. Tennyson.

3. A shoe, or sandal, intended to protect the feet from wet, or to
increase the apparent stature, and having, therefore, a very thick
sole. Cf. Chopine.
In France the peasantry goes barefoot; and the middle sort . . .
makes use of wooden clogs. Harvey.
Clog almanac, a primitive kind of almanac or calendar, formerly used
in England, made by cutting notches and figures on the four edges of
a clog, or square piece of wood, brass, or bone; -- called also a
Runic staff, from the Runic characters used in the numerical
notation.
 -- Clog dance, a dance performed by a person wearing clogs, or
thick-soled shoes.
 -- Clog dancer.

CLOG
Clog, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clogged; p. pr. & vb. n. Clogging.]

1. To encumber or load, especially with something that impedes
motion; to hamper.
The winds of birds were clogged with ace and snow. Dryden.

2. To obstruct so as to hinder motion in or through; to choke up; as,
to clog a tube or a channel.

3. To burden; to trammel; to embarrass; to perplex.
The commodities are clogged with impositions. Addison.
You 'll rue the time That clogs me with this answer. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Impede; hinder; obstruct; embarrass; burden; restrain; restrict.

CLOG
Clog, v. i.

1. To become clogged; to become loaded or encumbered, as with
extraneous matter.
In working through the bone, the teeth of the saw will begin to clog.
S. Sharp.

2. To coalesce or adhere; to unite in a mass.
Move it sometimes with a broom, that the seeds clog not together.
Evelyn.

CLOGGINESS
Clog"gi*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being clogged.

CLOGGING
Clog"ging, n.

Defn: Anything which clogs. Dr. H. More.

CLOGGY
Clog"gy, a.

Defn: Clogging, or having power to clog.

CLOISONNE
Cloi`son*né, a. Etym: [F., partitioned, fr. cloison a partition.]

Defn: Inlaid between partitions: -- said of enamel when the lines
which divide the different patches of fields are composed of a kind
of metal wire secured to the ground; as distinguished from champlevé
enamel, in which the ground is engraved or scooped out to receive the
enamel. S. Wells Williams.

CLOISTER
Clois"ter, n. Etym: [OF. cloistre, F. cloître, L. claustrum, pl.
claustra, bar, bolt, bounds, fr. claudere, clausum, to close. See
Close, v. t., and cf. Claustral.]

1. An inclosed place. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A covered passage or ambulatory on one side of a court; (pl.) the
series of such passages on the different sides of any court, esp.
that of a monastery or a college.
But let my due feet never fail To walk the studious cloister's pale.
Milton.

3. A monastic establishment; a place for retirement from the world
for religious duties.
Fitter for a cloister than a crown. Daniel.
Cloister garth (Arch.), the garden or open part of a court inclosed
by the cloisters.

Syn.
 -- Cloister, Monastery, Nunnery, Convent, Abbey, Priory. Cloister
and convent are generic terms, and denote a place of seclusion from
the world for persons who devote their lives to religious purposes.
They differ is that the distinctive idea of cloister is that of
seclusion from the world, that of convent, community of living. Both
terms denote houses for recluses of either sex. A cloister or convent
for monks is called a monastery; for nuns, a nunnery. An abbey is a
convent or monastic institution governed by an abbot or an abbess; a
priory is one governed by a prior or a prioress, and is usually
affiliated to an abbey.

CLOISTER
Clois"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cloistered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cloistering.]

Defn: To confine in, or as in, a cloister; to seclude from the world;
to immure.
None among them are throught worthy to be styled religious persons
but those that cloister themselves up in a monastery. Sharp.

CLOISTERAL
Clois"ter*al, a.

Defn: Cloistral. [Obs.] I. Walton.

CLOISTERED
Clois"tered, a.

1. Dwelling in cloisters; solitary. "Cloistered friars and vestal
nuns." Hudibras.
In cloistered state let selfish sages dwell, Proud that their heart
is narrow as their cell. Shenstone.

2. Furnished with cloisters. Sir H. Wotton.

CLOISTERER
Clois"ter*er, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. cloistier.]

Defn: One belonging to, or living in, a cloister; a recluse.

CLOISTRAL
Clois"tral, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or confined in, a cloister; recluse.
[Written also cloisteral.]
Best become a cloistral exercise. Daniel.

CLOISTRESS
Clois"tress, n.

Defn: A nun. [R.] Shak.

CLOKE
Cloke, n. & v.

Defn: See Cloak. [Obs.]

CLOMB; CLOMBEN
Clomb, Clomb"en,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Climb (for climbed). [Obs.]
The sonne, he sayde, is clomben up on hevene. Chaucer.

CLOMP
Clomp, n.

Defn: See Clamp.

CLONG
Clong,

Defn: imp. of Cling. [Obs.]

CLONIC
Clon"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. clonique.] (Med.)

Defn: Having an irregular, convulsive motion. Dunglison. Clonic
spasm. (Med.) See under Spasm.

CLONUS
Clo"nus, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  violent, confused motion.] (Med.)

Defn: A series of muscular contractions due to sudden stretching of
the muscle, -- a sign of certain neuropathies.

CLOOM
Cloom, v. t. Etym: [A variant of clam to clog.]

Defn: To close with glutinous matter. [Obs.] Mortimer.

CLOOP
Cloop, n. Etym: [An onomatopoeia.]

Defn: The sound made when a cork is forcibly drawn from a bottle.
"The cloop of a cork wrenched from a bottle." Thackeray.

CLOOT
Cloot, n. [Cf. G. dial. kleuzen to split.] (Scot. & Dial. Eng.)

1. One of the divisions of a cleft hoof, as in the ox; also, the
whole hoof.

2.  The Devil; Clootie; -- usually in the pl.  Burns.

CLOOTIE
Cloot"ie, n. (Scot. & Dial. Eng.)

1.

Defn: A little hoof.

2.  The Devil. "Satan, Nick, or Clootie."  Burns.

CLOSE
Close, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Closed; p. pr. & vb. n. Closing.] Etym:
[From OF. & F. clos, p. p. of clore to close, fr. L. claudere; akin
to G. schliessen to shut, and to E. clot, cloister, clavicle,
conclude, sluice. Cf. Clause, n.]

1. To stop, or fill up, as an opening; to shut; as, to close the
eyes; to close a door.

2. To bring together the parts of; to consolidate; as, to close the
ranks of an army; -- often used with up.

3. To bring to an end or period; to conclude; to complete; to finish;
to end; to consummate; as, to close a bargain; to close a course of
instruction.
One frugal supper did our studies close. Dryden.

4. To come or gather around; to inclose; to encompass; to confine.
The depth closed me round about. Jonah ii. 5.
But now thou dost thyself immure and close In some one corner of a
feeble heart. Herbert.
A closed sea, a sea within the jurisdiction of some particular
nation, which controls its navigation.

CLOSE
Close, v. i.

1. To come together; to unite or coalesce, as the parts of a wound,
or parts separated.
What deep wounds ever closed without a scar Byron.

2. To end, terminate, or come to a period; as, the debate closed at
six o'clock.

3. To grapple; to engange in hand-to-hand fight.
They boldly closed in a hand-to-hand contest. Prescott.
To close on or upon, to come to a mutual agreement; to agree on or
join in. "Would induce France and Holland to close upon some measures
between them to our disadvantage." Sir W. Temple.
 -- To close with. (a) To accede to; to consent or agree to; as, to
close with the terms proposed. (b) To make an agreement with.
 -- To close with the land (Naut.), to approach the land.

CLOSE
Close, n.

1. The manner of shutting; the union of parts; junction. [Obs.]
The doors of plank were; their close exquisite. Chapman.

2. Conclusion; cessation; ending; end.
His long and troubled life was drawing to a close. Macaulay.

3. A grapple in wrestling. Bacon.

4. (Mus.)
(a) The conclusion of a strain of music; cadence.
(b) A double bar marking the end.
At every close she made, the attending throng Replied, and bore the
burden of the song. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Conclusion; termination; cessation; end; ending; extremity;
extreme.

CLOSE
Close ( or ), n. Etym: [OF. & F. clos an inclosure, fr. clos, p. p.
of clore. See Close, v. t.]

1. An inclosed place; especially, a small field or piece of land
surrounded by a wall, hedge, or fence of any kind; -- specifically,
the precinct of a cathedral or abbey.
Closes surrounded by the venerable abodes of deans and canons.
Macaulay.

2. A narrow passage leading from a street to a court, and the houses
within. [Eng.] Halliwell

3. (Law)

Defn: The interest which one may have in a piece of ground, even
though it is not inclosed. Bouvier.

CLOSE
Close, a. [Compar. Closer; superl. Closest.] Etym: [Of. & F. clos, p.
p. of clore. See Close, v. t.]

1. Shut fast; closed; tight; as, a close box.
From a close bower this dainty music flowed. Dryden.

2. Narrow; confined; as, a close alley; close quarters. "A close
prison." Dickens.

3. Oppressive; without motion or ventilation; causing a feeling of
lassitude; -- said of the air, weather, etc.
If the rooms be low-roofed, or full of windows and doors, the one
maketh the air close, . . . and the other maketh it exceeding
unequal. Bacon.

4. Strictly confined; carefully quarded; as, a close prisoner.

5. Out of the way observation; secluded; secret; hidden. "He yet kept
himself close because of Saul." 1 Chron. xii. 1
"Her close intent." Spenser.

6. Disposed to keep secrets; secretive; reticent. "For servecy, no
lady closer." Shak.

7. Having the parts near each other; dense; solid; compact; as
applied to bodies; viscous; tenacious; not volatile, as applied to
liquids.
The golden globe being put into a press, . . . the water made itself
way through the pores of that very close metal. Locke.

8. Concise; to the point; as, close reasoning. "Where the original is
close no version can reach it in the same compass." Dryden.

9. Adjoining; near; either in space; time, or thought; -- often
followed by to.
Plant the spring crocuses close to a wall. Mortimer.
The thought of the Man of sorrows seemed a very close thing -- not a
faint hearsay. G. Eliot.

10. Short; as, to cut grass or hair close.

11. Intimate; familiar; confidential.
League with you I seek And mutual amity, so strait, so close, That I
with you must dwell, or you with me. Milton.

12. Nearly equal; almost evenly balanced; as, a close vote. "A close
contest." Prescott.

13. Difficult to obtain; as, money is close. Bartlett.

14. Parsimonious; stingy. "A crusty old fellow, as close as a vise."
Hawthorne.

15. Adhering strictly to a standard or original; exact; strict; as, a
close translation. Locke.

16. Accurate; careful; precise; also, attentive; undeviating; strict;
not wandering; as, a close observer.

17. (Phon.)

Defn: Uttered with a relatively contracted opening of the mouth, as
certain sounds of e and o in French, Italian, and German; -- opposed
to open. Close borough. See under Borough.
 -- Close breeding. See under Breeding.
 -- Close communion, communion in the Lord's supper, restricted to
those who have received baptism by immersion.
 -- Close corporation, a body or corporation which fills its own
vacancies.
 -- Close fertilization. (Bot.) See Fertilization.
 -- Close harmony (Mus.), compact harmony, in which the tones
composing each chord are not widely distributed over several octaves.
 -- Close time, a fixed period during which killing game or catching
certain fish is prohibited by law.
 -- Close vowel (Pron.), a vowel which is pronounced with a
diminished aperture of the lips, or with contraction of the cavity of
the mouth.
 -- Close to the wind (Naut.), directed as nearly to the point from
which the wind blows as it is possible to sail; closehauled; -- said
of a vessel.

CLOSE
Close, adv.

1. In a close manner.

2. Secretly; darkly. [Obs.]
A wondrous vision which did close imply The course of all her fortune
and posterity. Spenser.

CLOSE-BANDED
Close"-band`ed, a.

Defn: Closely united.

CLOSE-BARRED
Close"-barred`, a.

Defn: Firmly barred or closed.

CLOSE-BODIED
Close"-bod`ied, a.

Defn: Fitting the body exactly; setting close, as a garment. Ayliffe.

CLOSE-FIGHTS
Close"-fights`, n. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: Barriers with loopholes, formerly erected on the deck of a
vessel to shelter the men in a close engagement with an enemy's
boarders; -- called also close quarters. [Obs.]

CLOSEFISTED
Close"fist`ed, a.

Defn: Covetous; niggardly. Bp. Berkeley. "Closefisted contractors."
Hawthorne.

CLOSEHANDED
Close"hand`ed, a.

Defn: Covetous; penurious; stingy; closefisted.
 -- Close"hand`ed*ness, n.

CLOSEHAULED
Close"hauled`, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Under way and moving as nearly as possible toward the direction
from which the wind blows; -- said of a sailing vessel.

CLOSELY
Close"ly, adv.

1. In a close manner.

2. Secretly; privately. [Obs.]
That nought she did but wayle, and often steepe Her dainty couch with
tears which closely she did weepe. Spenser.

CLOSEMOUTHED
Close"mouthed`, a.

Defn: Cautious in speaking; secret; wary; uncommunicative.

CLOSEN
Clos"en, v. t.

Defn: To make close. [R.]

CLOSENESS
Close"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being close.
Half stifled by the closeness of the room. Swift.
We rise not against the piercing judgment of Augustus, nor the
extreme caution or closeness of Tiberius. Bacon.
An affectation of closeness and covetousness. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Narrowness; oppressiveness; strictness; secrecy; compactness;
conciseness; nearness; intimacy; tightness; stinginess; literalness.

CLOSER
Clos"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, closes; specifically, a boot closer. See
under Boot.

2. A finisher; that which finishes or terminates.

3. (Masonry)

Defn: The last stone in a horizontal course, if of a less size than
the others, or a piece of brick finishing a course. Gwilt.

CLOSEREEFED
Close"reefed`, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Having all the reefs taken in; -- said of a sail.

CLOSE-STOOL
Close"-stool`, n.

Defn: A utensil to hold a chamber vessel, for the use of the sick and
infirm. It is usually in the form of a box, with a seat and tight
cover.

CLOSET
Clos"et, n. Etym: [OF. closet little inclosure, dim. of clos. See
Close an inclosure.]

1. A small room or apartment for retirement; a room for privacy.
A chair-lumbered closet, just twelve feet by nine. Goldsmith.
When thou prayest, enter into thy closet. Matt. vi. 6.

2. A small apartment, or recess in the side of a room, for household
utensils, clothing, etc. Dryden. Closet sin, sin commited in privacy.
Bp. Hall.

CLOSET
Clos"et, v. t. [imp. & p. pr. & vb. n. Closeting.]

1. To shut up in, or as in, a closet; to conceal. [R.]
Bedlam's closeted and handcuffed charge. Cowper.

2. To make into a closet for a secret interview.
He was to call a new legislature, to closet its members. Bancroft.
He had been closeted with De Quadra. Froude.

CLOSE-TONGUED
Close"-tongued` (, a.

Defn: Closemouthed; silent. "Close-tongued treason." Shak.

CLOSH
Closh, n. Etym: [CF. F. clocher to limp, halt.]

Defn: A disease in the feet of cattle; laminitis. Crabb.

CLOSH
Closh, n. Etym: [CF. D. klossen to play at bowls.]

Defn: The game of ninepins. [Obs.] Halliwell.

CLOSURE
Clo"sure (, 135), n. Etym: [Of. closure, L. clausura, fr. clauedere
to shut. See Close, v. t.]

1. The act of shutting; a closing; as, the closure of a chink.

2. That which closes or shuts; that by which separate parts are
fastened or closed.
Without a seal, wafer, or any closure whatever. Pope.

3. That which incloses or confines; an inclosure.
O thou bloody prison . . . Within the guilty closure of thy walls
Richard the Second here was hacked to death. Shak.

4. A conclusion; an end. [Obs.] Shak.

5. (Parliamentary Practice)

Defn: A method of putting an end to debate and securing an immediate
vote upon a measure before a legislative body. It is similar in
effect to the previous question. It was first introduced into the
British House of Commons in 1882. The French word clôture was
originally applied to this proceeding.

CLOT
Clot, n. Etym: [OE. clot, clodde, clod; akin to D. kloot ball, G.
kloss clod, dumpling, klotz block, Dan. klods, Sw. klot bowl, globe,
klots block; cf. AS. clate bur. Cf. Clod, n., Clutter to clot.]

Defn: A concretion or coagulation; esp. a soft, slimy, coagulated
mass, as of blood; a coagulum. "Clots of pory gore." Addison.
Doth bake the egg into clots as if it began to poach. Bacon.

Note: Clod and clot appear to be radically the same word, and are so
used by early writers; but in present use clod is applied to a mass
of earth or the like, and clot to a concretion or coagulation of soft
matter.

CLOT
Clot, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Clotting.]

Defn: To concrete, coagulate, or thicken, as soft or fluid matter by
evaporation; to become a cot or clod.

CLOT
Clot, v. t.

Defn: To form into a slimy mass.

CLOTBUR
Clot"bur`, n. Etym: [Cf. Clote.]

1. The burdock. [Prov. Engl.] Prior.

2. Same as Cocklebur.

CLOTE
Clote, n. Etym: [AS. cl: cf. G. klette.]

Defn: The common burdock; the clotbur. [Obs.] Wyclif.

CLOTH
Cloth, n.; pl. Cloths (#; 115), except in the sense of garments, when
it is Clothes (klothz or kloz). Etym: [OE. clath cloth, AS. cla\'ed
cloth, garment; akin to D. kleed, Icel. klæ\'ebi, Dan. klæde, cloth,
Sw. kläde, G. kleid garment, dress.]

1. A fabric made of fibrous material (or sometimes of wire, as in
wire cloth); commonly, a woven fabric of cotton, woolen, or linen,
adapted to be made into garments; specifically, woolen fabrics, as
distinguished from all others.

2. The dress; raiment. [Obs.] See Clothes.
I'll ne'er distust my God for cloth and bread. Quarles.

3. The distinctive dress of any profession, especially of the clergy;
hence, the clerical profession.
Appeals were made to the priesthood. Would they tamely permit so
gross an insult to be offered to their cloth Macaulay.
The cloth, the clergy, are constituted for administering and for
giving the best possible effect to . . . every axiom. I. Taylor.
Body cloth. See under Body.
 -- Cloth of gold, a fabric woven wholly or partially of threads of
gold.
 -- Cloth measure, the measure of length and surface by which cloth
is measured and sold. For this object the standard yard is usually
divided into quarters and nails.
 -- Cloth paper, a coarse kind of paper used in pressing and
finishing woolen cloth.
 -- Cloth shearer, one who shears cloth and frees it from superfluous
nap.

CLOTHE
Clothe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clothed ( or Clad; p. pr. & vb. n.
Clothing.] Etym: [OE. clathen, clothen, clethen, AS. cla\'ebian,
clæ\'eban. See Cloth.]

1. To put garments on; to cover with clothing; to dress.
Go with me, to clothe you as becomes you. Shak.

2. To provide with clothes; as, to feed and clothe a family; to
clothe one's self extravagantly.
Drowsiness shall clothe a man with rags. Prov. xxiii. 21
The naked every day he clad, When he put on his clothes. Goldsmith.

3. Fig.: To cover or invest, as with a garment; as, to clothe one
with authority or power.
Language in which they can clothe their thoughts. Watts.
His sides are clothed with waving wood. J. Dyer.
Thus Belial, with with words clothed in reason's garb. Milton.

CLOTHE
Clothe, v. i.

Defn: To wear clothes. [Poetic]
Care no more to clothe eat. Shak.

CLOTHES
Clothes ( or ; 277), n. pl. Etym: [From Cloth.]

1. Covering for the human body; dress; vestments; vesture; -- a
general term for whatever covering is worn, or is made to be worn,
for decency or comfort.
She . . . speaks well, and has excellent good clothes. Shak.
If I may touch but his clothes, I shall be whole. Mark. v. 28.

2. The covering of a bed; bedclothes.
She turned each way her frighted head, Then sunk it deep beneath the
clothes. Prior.
Body clothes. See under Body.
 -- Clothes moth (Zoöl.), a small moth of the genus Tinea. The most
common species (T. flavifrontella)is yellowish white. The larvæ eat
woolen goods, furs, feathers, etc. They live in tubular cases made of
the material upon which they feed, fastened together with silk.

Syn.
 -- Garments; dress; clothing; apparel; attire; vesture; raiment;
garb; costume; habit; habiliments.

CLOTHESHORSE
Clothes"horse`, n.

Defn: A frame to hang clothes on.

CLOTHESLINE
Clothes"line`, n.

Defn: A rope or wire on which clothes are hung to dry.

CLOTHESPIN
Clothes"pin` ( or ), n.

Defn: A forked piece of wood, or a small spring clamp, used for
fastening clothes on a line.

CLOTHESPRESS
Clothes"press`, n.

Defn: A receptacle for clothes.

CLOTHIER
Cloth"ier, n.

1. One who makes cloths; one who dresses or fulls cloth. Hayward.

2. One who sells cloth or clothes, or who makes and sells clothes.

CLOTHING
Cloth"ing, n.

1. Garments in general; clothes; dress; raiment; covering.
From others he shall stand in need of nothing, Yet on his brothers
shall depend for clothing. Milton.
As for me, . . . my clothing was sackloth. Ps. xxxv. 13

2. The art of process of making cloth. [R.]
Instructing [refugees] in the art of clothing. Ray.

3. A covering of non-conducting material on the outside of a boiler,
or steam chamber, to prevent radiation of heat. Knight.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: See Card clothing, under 3d Card.

CLOTHRED
Clot"hred, p. p.

Defn: Clottered. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CLOTPOLL
Clot"poll`, n.

Defn: See Clodpoll. [Obs.] Shak.

CLOTTED
Clot"ted, a.

Defn: Composed of clots or clods; having the quality or form of a
clot; sticky; slimy; foul. "The clotted glebe." J. Philips.
When lust . . . Lets in defilement to the inward parts, The soul
grows clotted by contagion. Milton.

CLOTTER
Clot"ter, v. i. Etym: [From Clot.]

Defn: To concrete into lumps; to clot. [Obs.] "Clottered blood."
Chapman.

CLOTTY
Clot"ty, a. Etym: [From Clot, n.]

Defn: Full of clots, or clods. "Clotty matter." Harvey.

CLOTURE
Clô`ture", n. Etym: [F.] (Parliamentary Practice)

Defn: See Closure, 5.

CLOTWEED
Clot"weed`, n. Etym: [See Clote.]

Defn: Cocklebur.

CLOUD
Cloud, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. AS. cld a rock or hillock, the application
arising from the frequent resemblance of clouds to rocks or hillocks
in the sky or air.]

1. A collection of visible vapor, or watery particles, susponded in
the upper atmosphere.
I do set my bow in the cloud. Gen. ix. 13.

Note: A classification of clouds according to their chief forms was
first proposed by the meteorologist Howard, and this is still
substantially employed. The following varieties and subvarieties are
recognized: (a) Cirrus. This is the most elevated of all the forms of
clouds; is thin, long-drawn, sometimes looking like carded wool or
hair, sometimes like a brush or room, sometimes in curl-like or
fleecelike patches. It is the cat's-tail of the sailor, and the
mare's-tail of the landsman. (b) Cumulus. This form appears in large
masses of a hemispherical form, or nearly so, above, but flat below,
one often piled above another, forming great clouds, common in the
summer, and presenting the appearance of gigantic mountains crowned
with snow. It often affords rain and thunder gusts. (c) Stratus. This
form appears in layers or bands extending horizontally. (d) Nimbus.
This form is characterized by its uniform gray tint and ragged edges;
it covers the sky in seasons of continued rain, as in easterly
storms, and is the proper rain cloud. The name is sometimes used to
denote a raining cumulus, or cumulostratus. (e) Cirro-cumulus. This
form consists, like the cirrus, of thin, broken, fleecelice clouds,
but the parts are more or less rounded and regulary grouped. It is
popularly called mackerel sky. (f) Cirro-stratus. In this form the
patches of cirrus coalesce in long strata, between cirrus and
stratus. (g) Cumulo-stratus. A form between cumulus and stratus,
often assuming at the horizon a black or bluish tint.
 -- Fog, cloud, motionless, or nearly so, lying near or in contact
with the earth's surface.
 -- Storm scud, cloud lying quite low, without form, and driven
rapidly with the wind.

2. A mass or volume of smoke, or flying dust, resembling vapor. "A
thick cloud of incense." Ezek. viii. 11.

3. A dark vein or spot on a lighter material, as in marble; hence, a
blemish or defect; as, a cloud upon one's reputation; a cloud on a
title.

4. That which has a dark, lowering, or threatening aspect; that which
temporarily overshadows, obscures, or depresses; as, a cloud of
sorrow; a cloud of war; a cloud upon the intellect.

5. A great crowd or multitude; a vast collection. "So great a cloud
of witnesses." Heb. xii. 1.

6. A large, loosely-knitted scarf, worn by women about the head.
Cloud on a (or the) title (Law), a defect of title, usually
superficial and capable of removal by release, decision in equity, or
legislation.
 -- To be under a cloud, to be under suspicion or in disgrace; to be
in disfavor.
 -- In the clouds, in the realm of facy and imagination; beyond
reason; visionary.

CLOUD
Cloud, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clouded; p. pr. & vb. n. Clouding.]

1. To overspread or hide with a cloud or clouds; as, the sky is
clouded.

2. To darken or obscure, as if by hiding or enveloping with a cloud;
hence, to render gloomy or sullen.
One day too late, I fear me, noble lord, Hath clouded all thy happy
days on earth. Shak.
Be not disheartened, then, nor cloud those looks. Milton.
Nothing clouds men's minds and impairs their honesty like prejudice.
M. Arnold.

3. To blacken; to sully; to stain; to tarnish; to damage; -- esp.
used of reputation or character.
I would not be a stander-by to hear My sovereign mistress clouded so,
without My present vengeance taken. Shak.

4. To mark with, or darken in, veins or sports; to variegate with
colors; as, to cloud yarn.
And the nice conduct of a clouded cane. Pope.

CLOUD
Cloud, v. i.

Defn: To grow cloudy; to become obscure with clouds; -- often used
with up.
Worthies, away! The scene begins to cloud. Shak.

CLOUDAGE
Cloud"age, n.

Defn: Mass of clouds; cloudiness. [R.]
A scudding cloudage of shapes. Coleridge.

CLOUDBERRY
Cloud"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of raspberry (Rubus Chamæmerous) growing in the
northern regions, and bearing edible, amber-colored fruit.

CLOUD-BUILT
Cloud"-built, a.

Defn: Built of, or in, the clouds; airy; unsubstantial; imaginary.
Cowper.
So vanished my cloud-built palace. Goldsmith.

CLOUD-BURST
Cloud"-burst`, n.

Defn: A sudden copious rainfall, as the whole cloud had been
precipitated at once.

CLOUD-CAPPED
Cloud"-capped`, a.

Defn: Having clouds resting on the top or head; reaching to the
clouds; as, cloud-capped mountains.

CLOUD-COMPELLER
Cloud"-com*pel`ler, n.

Defn: Cloud-gatherer; -- an epithet applied to Zeus. [Poetic.] Pope.

CLOUDILY
Cloud"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a cloudy manner; darkly; obscurely. Dryden.

CLOUDINESS
Cloud"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being cloudy.

CLOUDING
Cloud"ing, n.

1. A mottled appearance given to ribbons and silks in the process of
dyeing.

2. A diversity of colors in yarn, recurring at regular intervals.
Knight.

CLOUDLAND
Cloud"land`, n.

Defn: Dreamland.

CLOUDLESS
Cloud"less, a.

Defn: Without a cloud; clear; bright.
A cloudless winter sky. Bankroft.
-- Cloud"less*ly, adv.
 -- Cloud"less*ness, n.

CLOUDLET
Cloud"let, n.

Defn: A little cloud. R. Browning.
Eve's first star through fleecy cloudlet peeping. Coleridge.

CLOUDY
Cloud"y (, a. [Compar. Cloudier (; superl. Cloudiest.] Etym: [From
Cloud, n.]

1. Overcast or obscured with clouds; clouded; as, a cloudy sky.

2. Consisting of a cloud or clouds.
As Moses entered into the tabernacle, the cloudy pillar descended.
Ex. xxxiii. 9

3. Indicating gloom, anxiety, sullenness, or ill-nature; not open or
cheerful. "A cloudy countenance." Shak.

4. Confused; indistinct; obscure; dark.
Cloudy and confused notions of things. Watts.

5. Lacking clearness, brightness, or luster. "A cloudy diamond."
Boyle.

6. Marked with veins or sports of dark or various hues, as marble.

CLOUGH
Clough, n. Etym: [OE. clough, cloghe, clou, clewch, AS. (assumed)
cloh, akin to G. klinge ravine.]

1. A cleft in a hill; a ravine; a narrow valley. Nares.

2. A sluice used in returning water to a channel after depositing its
sediment on the flooded land. Knight.

CLOUGH
Clough, n. (Com.)

Defn: An allowance in weighing. See Cloff.

CLOUT
Clout, n. Etym: [AS. clut a little cloth, piece of metal; cf. Sw.
klut, Icel. klutr a kerchief, or W. clwt a clout, Gael. clud.]

1. A cloth; a piece of cloth or leather; a patch; a rag.
His garments, nought but many ragged clouts, With thorns together
pinned and patched was. Spenser.
A clout upon that head where late the diadem stood. Shak.

2. A swadding cloth.

3. A piece; a fragment. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. The center of the butt at which archers shoot; -- probably once a
piece of white cloth or a nail head.
A'must shoot nearer or he'll ne'er hit the clout. Shak.

5. An iron plate on an axletree or other wood to keep it from
wearing; a washer.

6. A blow with the hand. [Low] Clout nail, a kind of wrought-iron
nail heaving a large flat head; -- used for fastening clouts to
axletrees, plowshares, etc., also for studding timber, and for
various purposes.

CLOUT
Clout, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Clouting.] Etym:
[OE. clutien. clouten, to patch. See Clout, n.]

1. To cover with cloth, leather, or other material; to bandage;
patch, or mend, with a clout.
And old shoes and clouted upon their feet. Josh. ix. 5.
Paul, yea, and Peter, too, had more skill in . . . clouting an old
tent than to teach lawyers. Latimer.

2. To join or patch clumsily.
If fond Bavius vent his clouted song. P. Fletcher

3. To quard with an iron plate, as an axletree.

4. To give a blow to; to strike. [Low]
The . . . queen of Spain took off one of her chopines and clouted
Olivarez about the noddle with it. Howell.

5. To stud with nails, as a timber, or a boot sole. Clouted cream,
clotted cream, i. e., cream obtained by warming new milk. A. Philips.

Note: "Clouted brogues" in Shakespeare and "clouted shoon" in Milton
have been understood by some to mean shoes armed with nails; by
others, patched shoes.

CLOUTERLY
Clout"er*ly, a. Etym: [From Clout, n.]

Defn: Clumsy; awkward. [Obs.]
Rough-hewn, cloutery verses. E. Phillips.

CLOVE
Clove,

Defn: imp. of Cleave. Cleft. Spenser. Clove hitch (Naut.) See under
Hitch.
 -- Clove hook (Naut.), an iron two-part hook, with jaws overlapping,
used in bending chain sheets to the clews of sails; -- called also
clip hook. Knight.

CLOVE
Clove, n. Etym: [D. kloof. See Cleave, v. t.]

Defn: A cleft; a gap; a ravine; -- rarely used except as part of a
proper name; as, Kaaterskill Clove; Stone Clove.

CLOVE
Clove, n. Etym: [OE. clow, fr. F. clou nail, clou de girofle a clove,
lit. nail of clove, fr. L. clavus nail, perh. akin to clavis key, E.
clavicle. The clove was so called from its resemblance to a nail. So
in D. kruidnagel clove, lit. herb-nail or spice-nail. Cf. Cloy.]

Defn: A very pungent aromatic spice, the unexpanded flower bud of the
clove tree (Eugenia, or Caryophullus, aromatica), a native of the
Molucca Isles. Clove camphor. (Chem.) See Eugenin.
 -- Clove gillyflower, Clove pink (Bot.), any fragrant self-colored
carnation.

CLOVE
Clove, n. Etym: [AS. clufe an ear of corn, a clove of garlic; cf.
cleófan to split, E. cleave.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the small bulbs developed in the axils of the scales of
a large bulb, as in the case of garlic.
Developing, in the axils of its skales, new bulbs, of what gardeners
call cloves. Lindley.

2. A weight. A clove of cheese is about eight pounds, of wool, about
seven pounds. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

CLOVEN
Clo"ven, p. p. & a.

Defn: from Cleave, v. t. To show the cloven foot or hoof, to reveal a
devilish character, or betray an evil purpose, notwithstanding
disguises, -- Satan being represented dramatically and symbolically
as having cloven hoofs.

CLOVEN-FOOTED; CLOVEN-HOOFED
Clo"ven-foot`ed, Clo"ven-hoofed`, a.

Defn: Having the foot or hoof divided into two parts, as the ox.

CLOVER
Clo"ver, n. Etym: [OE. claver, clover, AS. cl; akin to LG. & Dan.
klever, D. klaver, G. klee, Sw. kl.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of differend species of the genus Trifolium; as the
common red clover, T. pratense, the white, T. repens, and the hare's
foot, T. arvense. Clover weevil (Zoöl.) a small weevil (Apion
apricans), that destroys the seeds of clover.
 -- Clover worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a small moth (Asopia costalis),
often very destructive to clover hay.
 -- In clover, in very pleasant circumstances; fortunate. [Colloq.] -
- Sweet clover. See Meliot.

CLOVERED
Clo"vered, a.

Defn: Covered with growing clover.
Flocks thick nibbling through the clovered vale. Thomson.

CLOWE-GILOFRE
Clowe"-gi*lof`re, n. Etym: [See 3d Clove, and Gilliflower.]

Defn: Spice clove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CLOWN
Clown, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. klunni a clumsy, boorish fellow, North
Fries. kl clown, dial. Sw. klunn log, Dan. klunt log block, and E.
clump, n.]

1. A man of coarse nature and manners; an awkward fellow; an illbred
person; a boor. Sir P. Sidney.

2. One who works upon the soil; a rustic; a churl.
The clown, the child of nature, without guile. Cowper.

3. The fool or buffoon in a play, circus, etc.
The clown shall make those laugh whose lungs are tickle o'the sere.
Shak.

CLOWN
Clown, v. i.

Defn: To act as a clown; -- with it [Obs.]
Beclowns it properly indeed. B. Jonson.

CLOWNAGE
Clown"age, n.

Defn: Behavior or manners of a clown; clownery. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

CLOWNERY
Clown"er*y, n.

Defn: Clownishness. L'Estrange.

CLOWNISH
Clown"ish, a.

Defn: Of or resembling a clown, or characteristic of a clown;
ungainly; awkward. "Clownish hands." Spenser. "Clownish mimic."
Prior.
 -- Clown"ish*ly, adv.

Syn.
 -- Coarse; rough; clumsy; awkward; ungainly; rude; uncivil; ill-
bred; boorish; rustic; untutored.

CLOWNISHNESS
Clown"ish*ness, n.

Defn: The manners of a clown; coarseness or rudeness of behavior.
That plainness which the alamode people call clownishness. Locke.

CLOY
Cloy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cloyed (kloid); p. pr. & vb. n. Cloying.]
Etym: [OE. cloer to nail up, F. clouer, fr. OF. clo nail, F. clou,
fr. L. clavus nail. Cf. 3d Clove.]

1. To fill or choke up; to stop up; to clog. [Obs.]
The duke's purpose was to have cloyed the harbor by sinking ships,
laden with stones. Speed.

2. To glut, or satisfy, as the appetite; to satiate; to fill to
loathing; to surfeit.
[Who can] cloy the hungry edge of appetite By bare imagination of a
feast Shak.
He sometimes cloys his readers instead of satisfying. Dryden.

3. To penetrate or pierce; to wound.
Which, with his cruel tusk, him deadly cloyed. Spenser.
He never shod horse but he cloyed him. Bacon.

4. To spike, as a cannon. [Obs.] Johnson.

5. To stroke with a claw. [Obs.] Shak.

CLOYLESS
Cloy"less, a.

Defn: That does not cloy. Shak.

CLOYMENT
Cloy"ment, n.

Defn: Satiety. [Obs.] Shak.

CLUB
Club, n. Etym: [CF. Icel. klubba, klumba, club, klumbuf a clubfoot,
SW. klubba club, Dan. klump lump, klub a club, G. klumpen clump,
kolben club, and E. clump.]

1. A heavy staff of wood, usually tapering, and wielded the hand; a
weapon; a cudgel.
But make you ready your stiff bats and clubs; Rome and her rats are
at the point of battle. Shak.

2. Etym: [Cf. the Spanish name bastos, and Sp. baston staff, club.]

Defn: Any card of the suit of cards having a figure like the trefoil
or clover leaf. (pl.) The suit of cards having such figure.

3. An association of persons for the promotion of some common object,
as literature, science, politics, good fellowship, etc.; esp. an
association supported by equal assessments or contributions of the
members.
They talked At wine, in clubs, of art, of politics. Tennyson.
He [Goldsmith] was one of the nine original members of that
celebrated fraternity which has sometimes been called the Literary
Club, but which has always disclaimed that epithet, and still glories
in the simple name of the Club. Macaulay.

4. A joint charge of expense, or any person's share of it; a
contribution to a common fund.
They laid down the club. L'Estrange.
We dined at a French house, but paid ten shillings for our part of
the club. Pepys.
Club law, government by violence; lynch law; anarchy. Addison. -Club
moss (Bot.), an evergreen mosslike plant, much used in winter
decoration. The best know species is Lycopodium clavatum, but other
Lycopodia are often called by this name. The spores form a highly
inflammable powder.
 -- Club root (Bot.), a disease of cabbages, by which the roots
become distorted and the heads spoiled.
 -- Club topsail (Naut.), a kind of gaff topsail, used mostly by
yachts having a fore-and-aft rig. It has a short "club" or "jack
yard" to increase its spread.

CLUB
Club, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Clubbing.]

1. To beat with a club.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To throw, or allow to fall, into confusion.
To club a battalion implies a temporary inability in the commanding
officer to restore any given body of men to their natural front in
line or column. Farrow.

3. To unite, or contribute, for the accomplishment of a common end;
as, to club exertions.

4. To raise, or defray, by a proportional assesment; as, to club the
expense. To club a musket (Mil.), to turn the breach uppermost, so as
to use it as a club.

CLUB
Club, v. i.

1. To form a club; to combine for the promotion of some common
object; to unite.
Till grosser atoms, tumbling in the stream Of fancy, madly met, and
clubbed into a dream. Dryden.

2. To pay on equal or proportionate share of a common charge or
expense; to pay for something by contribution.
The owl, the raven, and the bat, Clubbed for a feather to his hat.
Swift.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: To drift in a current with an anchor out.

CLUBBABLE
Club"ba*ble, a.

Defn: Suitable for membership in a club; sociable. [Humorous.] G. W.
Curtis.

CLUBBED
Clubbed, a.

Defn: Shaped like a club; grasped like, or used as, a club. Skelton.

CLUBBER
Club"ber, n.

1. One who clubs.

2. A member of a club. [R.] Massinger.

CLUBBISH
Club"bish, a.

1. Rude; clownish. [Obs.]

2. Disposed to club together; as, a clubbish set.

CLUBBIST
Club"bist, n.

Defn: A member of a club; a frequenter of clubs. [R.] Burke.

CLUBFIST
Club"fist`, n.

1. A large, heavy fist.

2. A coarse, brutal fellow. [Obs.] Mir. for Mag.

CLUBFISTED
Club"fist`ed, a.

Defn: Having a large fist. Howell.

CLUBFOOT
Club"foot, n. Etym: [Club + foot.] (Med.)

Defn: A short, variously distorted foot; also, the deformity, usually
congenital, which such a foot exhibits; talipes.

CLUBFOOTED
Club"foot`ed, a.

Defn: Having a clubfoot.

CLUBHAND
Club"hand`, n. (Med.)

Defn: A short, distorted hand; also, the deformity of having such a
hand.

CLUBHAUL
Club"haul`, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To put on the other tack by dropping the lee anchor as soon as
the wind is out of the sails (which brings the vessel's head to the
wind), and by cutting the cable as soon as she pays off on the other
tack. Clubhauling is attempted only in an exigency.

CLUBHOUSE
Club"house`, n.

Defn: A house occupied by a club.

CLUBROOM
Club"room`, n.

Defn: The apartment in which a club meets. Addison.

CLUB-RUSH
Club"-rush`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A rushlike plant, the reed mace or cat-tail, or some species of
the genus Scirpus. See Bulrush.

CLUB-SHAPED
Club"-shaped, a.

Defn: Enlarged gradually at the end, as the antennæ of certain
insects.

CLUCK
Cluck, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clucked; p pr. & vb. n. Clucking.] Etym:
[AS. cloccian; cf. D. klokken, G. glucken, glucksen, LG. klukken,
Dan. klukke; all prob. of imitative origin.]

Defn: To make the noise, or utter the call, of a brooding hen. Ray.

CLUCK
Cluck, v. t.

Defn: To call together, or call to follow, as a hen does her
chickens.
She, poor hen, fond of no second brood, Has clucked three to the
wars. Shak.

CLUCK
Cluck, n.

1. The call of a hen to her chickens.

2. A click. See 3d Click, 2.

CLUCKING
Cluck"ing, n.

Defn: The noise or call of a brooding hen.

CLUE
Clue, n. Etym: [See Clew, n.]

Defn: A ball of thread; a thread or other means of guidance. Same as
Clew.
You have wound a goodly clue. Shak.
This clue once found unravels all the rest. Pope.
Serve as clues to guide us into further knowledge. Locke.

CLUM
Clum, interj.

Defn: Silence; hush. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CLUMBER
Clum"ber, n. Etym: [Named from the estate of the Duke of Newcastle.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of field spaniel, with short legs and stout body, which,
unlike other spaniels, hunts silently.

CLUMP
Clump, n. Etym: [Cf. D. klomp lump, G. klump, klumpen, Dan. klump,
Sw. kllimp; perh. akin to L. globus, E. globe. Cf. Club.]

1. An unshaped piece or mass of wood or other substance.

2. A cluster; a group; a thicket.
A clump of shrubby trees. Hawthorne.

3. The compressed clay of coal strata. Brande & C.

CLUMP
Clump, v. t.

Defn: To arrange in a clump or clumps; to cluster; to group.
Blackmore.

CLUMP
Clump, v. i.

Defn: To tread clumsily; to clamp. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

CLUMPER
Clump"er, v. t. Etym: [Cf. G. klümpern to clod. See Clump, n.]

Defn: To form into clumps or masses. [Obs.]
Vapors . . . clumpered in balls of clouds. Dr. H. More.

CLUMPS
Clumps, n.

Defn: A game in which questions are asked for the purpose of enabling
the questioners to discover a word or thing previously selected by
two persons who answer the questions; -- so called because the
players take sides in two "clumps" or groups, the "clump" which
guesses the word winning the game.

CLUMPY
Clump"y, a. Etym: [From Clump, n.]

Defn: Composed of clumps; massive; shapeless. Leigh Hunt.

CLUMSILY
Clum"si*ly, adv.

Defn: In a clumsy manner; awkwardly; as, to walk clumsily.

CLUMSINESS
Clum"si*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being clusy.
The drudging part of life is chiefly owing to clumsiness and
ignorance. Collier.

CLUMSY
Clum"sy, a. [Compar. Clumsier; superl. Clumsiest.] Etym: [OE. clumsed
benumbed, fr. clumsen to be benumbed; cf. Icel. klumsa lockjaw, dial.
Sw. klummsen benumbed with cold. Cf. 1st Clam, and 1st Clamp.]

1. Stiff or benumbed, as with cold. [Obs.]

2. Without skill or grace; wanting dexterity, nimbleness, or
readiness; stiff; awkward, as if benumbed; unwieldy; unhandy; hence;
ill-made, misshapen, or inappropriate; as, a clumsy person; a clumsy
workman; clumsy fingers; a clumsy gesture; a clumsy excuse.
But thou in clumsy verse, unlicked, unpointed, Hast shamefully defied
the Lord's anointed. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- See Awkward.

CLUNCH
Clunch, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. clinch to make fast]

Defn: .

1. (Mining)

Defn: Indurated clay. See Bind, n., 3.

2. One of the hard beds of the lower chalk. Dana.

CLUNG
Clung,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Cling.

CLUNG
Clung, a. Etym: [Prop. p. p. fr. OE. clingen to wither. See Cling, v.
i.]

Defn: Wasted away; shrunken. [Obs.]

CLUNIAC
Clu"ni*ac, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A monk of the reformed branch of the Benedictine Order, founded
in 912 at Cluny (or Clugny) in France.
 -- Also used as a.

CLUNIACENSIAN
Clu`ni*a*cen"sian, a.

Defn: Cluniac.

CLUPEOID
Clu"pe*oid, a. Etym: [L.clupea a kind of fish, NL., generic name of
the herring + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Herring family.

CLUSTER
Clus"ter, n. Etym: [AS. cluster, clyster; cf. LG. kluster (also Sw. &
Dan. klase a cluster of grapes, D. klissen to be entangled.)]

1. A number of things of the same kind growing together; a bunch.
Her deeds were like great clusters of ripe grapes, Which load the
bunches of the fruitful vine. Spenser.

2. A number of similar things collected together or lying contiguous;
a group; as, a cluster of islands. "Cluster of provinces." Motley.

3. A number of individuals grouped together or collected in one
place; a crowd; a mob.
As bees . . . Pour forth their populous youth about the hive In
clusters. Milton.
We loved him; but, like beasts And cowardly nobles, gave way unto
your clusters, Who did hoot him out o' the city. Shak.

CLUSTER
Clus"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clustered; p. pr. & vb. n. Clustering.]

Defn: To grow in clusters or assemble in groups; to gather or unite
in a cluster or clusters.
His sunny hair Cluster'd about his temples, like a god's. Tennyson.
The princes of the country clustering together. Foxe.

CLUSTER
Clus"ter, v. t.

Defn: To collect into a cluster or clusters; to gather into a bunch
or close body.
Not less the bee would range her cells, . . . The foxglove cluster
dappled bells. Tennyson.
Or from the forest falls the clustered snow. Thomson.
Clustered column (Arch.), a column which is composed, or appears to
be composed, of several columns collected together.

CLUSTERINGLY
Clus"ter*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In clusters.

CLUSTERY
Clus"ter*y, a. Etym: [From Cluster, n.]

Defn: Growing in, or full of, clusters; like clusters. Johnson.

CLUTCH
Clutch (kluch; 224), n. Etym: [OE. cloche, cloke, claw, Scot. clook,
cleuck, also OE. cleche claw, clechen, cleken, to seize; cf. AS.
gelæccan (where ge- is a prefix) to seize. Cf. Latch a catch.]

1. A gripe or clinching with, or as with, the fingers or claws;
seizure; grasp. "The clutch of poverty." Cowper.
An expiring clutch at popularity. Carlyle.
But Age, with his stealing steps, Hath clawed me in his clutch. Shak.

2. pl.

Defn: The hands, claws, or talons, in the act of grasping firmly; --
often figuratively, for power, rapacity, or cruelty; as, to fall into
the clutches of an adversary.
I must have . . . little care of myself, if I ever more come near the
clutches of such a giant. Bp. Stillingfleet.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: A device which is used for coupling shafting, etc., so as to
transmit motion, and which may be disengaged at pleasure.

4. Any device for gripping an object, as at the end of a chain or
tackle.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The nest complement of eggs of a bird. Bayonet clutch (Mach.),
a clutch in which connection is made by means of bayonets attached to
arms sliding on a feathered shaft. The bayonets slide through holes
in a crosshead fastened on the shaft.

CLUTCH
Clutch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clutched; p. pr. & vb. n. Clutching.]
Etym: [OE. clucchen. See Clutch, n.]

1. To seize, clasp, or gripe with the hand, hands, or claws; -- often
figuratively; as, to clutch power.
A man may set the poles together in his head, and clutch the whole
globe at one intellectual grasp. Collier.
Is this a dagger which I see before me . . . Come, let me clutch
thee. Shak.

2. To close tightly; to clinch.
Not that I have the power to clutch my hand. Shak.

CLUTCH
Clutch, v. i.

Defn: To reach (at something) as if to grasp; to catch or snatch; --
often followed by at.
Clutching at the phantoms of the stock market. Bankroft.

CLUTTER
Clut"ter, n. Etym: [Cf. W. cludair heap, pile, cludeirio to heap.]

1. A confused collection; hence, confusion; disorder; as, the room is
in a clutter.
He saw what a clutter there was with huge, overgrown pots, pans, and
spits. L'Estrange.

2. Clatter; confused noise. Swift.

CLUTTER
Clut"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cluttered; p. pr. & vb. n. Cluttering.]

Defn: To crowd together in disorder; to fill or cover with things in
disorder; to throw into disorder; to disarrange; as, to clutter a
room.

CLUTTER
Clut"ter, v. i.

Defn: To make a confused noise; to bustle.
It [the goose] cluttered here, it chuckled there. Tennyson.

CLUTTER
Clut"ter, v. t. Etym: [From Clod, n.]

Defn: To clot or coagulate, as blood. [Obs.] Holland.

CLYDESDALE
Clydes"dale, n.

Defn: One of a breed of heavy draft horses originally from
Clydesdale, Scotland. They are about sixteen hands high and usually
brown or bay.

CLYDESDALE TERRIER
Clydesdale terrier.

Defn: One of a breed of small silky-haired terriers related to, but
smaller than, the Skye terrier, having smaller and perfectly erect
ears.

CLYPEASTROID
Clyp`e*as"troid, a. Etym: [NL. Clypeaster (L. clupeus shield + aster
star) + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or related to the genus Clupeaster; -- applied to a group
of flattened sea urchins, with a rosette of pores on the upper side.

CLYPEATE
Clyp"e*ate, a. Etym: [L. clupeatus, p. p. of clupeare to arm with a
shield, fr. clupeus, clipeus shield.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Shaped like a round buckler or shield; scutate.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Furnished with a shield, or a protective plate or shell.

CLYPEIFORM
Clyp"e*i*form`, a. Etym: [L. clupeus shield + -form.]

Defn: Shield-shaped; clypeate.

CLYPEUS
Clyp"e*us, n.; pl. Clypei. Etym: [L., a shield.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The frontal plate of the head of an insect.

CLYSMIAN
Clys"mi*an, a. Etym: [Gr. Clyster.]

Defn: Connected with, or related to, the deluge, or to a cataclysm;
as, clysmian changes. Smart.

CLYSMIC
Clys"mic, a.

Defn: Washing; cleansing.

CLYSTER
Clys"ter, n. Etym: [L., fr. G. hlutrs pure, G. lauter: cf. F.
clystère] (Med.)

Defn: A liquid injected into the lower intestines by means of a
syringe; an injection; an enema. Clyster pipe, a tube or pipe used
for injections.

CLYTIE KNOT
Cly"tie knot.

Defn: In hair dressing, a loose, low coil at the back of the head,
like the knot on the head of the bust of Clytie by G. F. Watts.

CNEMIAL
Cne"mi*al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the shin bone. Cnemial crest, a crestlike
prominence on the proximal end of the tibia of birds and some
reptiles.

CNIDA
Cni"da, n.; pl. Cnidæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the peculiar stinging, cells found in Coelenterata; a
nematocyst; a lasso cell.

CNIDARIA
Cni*da"ri*a, n., pl. Etym: [NL. See Cnida.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A comprehensive group equivalent to the true Coelenterata,
i.e., exclusive of the sponges. They are so named from presence of
stinging cells (cnidae) in the tissues. See Coelenterata.

CNIDOBLAST
Cni"do*blast, n. Etym: [Cnida + -blast.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the cells which, in the Coelenterata, develop into
cnidæ.

CNIDOCIL
Cni"do*cil, n. Etym: [Cnida + cilium eyelash.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fine filiform process of a cnidoblast.

CO-
Co- (.

Defn: A form of the prefix com-, signifying with, together, in
conjunction, joint. It is used before vowels and some consonants. See
Com-.

COACERVATE
Co`a*cer"vate, a. Etym: [L. coacervatus, p. p. of coacervare to heap
up; co- + acervare. See Acervate.]

Defn: Raised into a pile; collected into a crowd; heaped. [R.] Bacon.

COACERVATE
Co`a*cer"vate, v. t.

Defn: To heap up; to pile. [R.]

COACERVATION
Co*ac`er*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. coacervatio.]

Defn: A heaping together. [R.] Bacon.

COACH
Coach (; 224), n. Etym: [F. coche, fr. It. cocchio, dim. of cocca
little boat, fr. L. concha mussel, mussel shell, Gr. çankha. Cf.
Conch, Cockboat, Cockle.]

1. A large, closed, four-wheeled carriage, having doors in the sides,
and generally a front and back seat inside, each for two persons, and
an elevated outside seat in front for the driver.

Note: Coaches have a variety of forms, and differ in respect to the
number of persons they can carry. Mail coaches and tallyho coaches
often have three or more seats inside, each for two or three persons,
and seats outside, sometimes for twelve or more.

2. A special tutor who assists in preparing a student for
examination; a trainer; esp. one who trains a boat's crew for a race.
[Colloq.]
Wareham was studying for India with a Wancester coach. G. Eliot.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A cabin on the after part of the quarterdeck, usually occupied
by the captain. [Written also couch.] [Obs.]
The commanders came on board and the council sat in the coach. Pepys.

4. (Railroad)

Defn: A first-class passenger car, as distinguished from a drawing-
room car, sleeping car, etc. It is sometimes loosely applied to any
passenger car.

COACH
Coach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coached; p. pr. & vb. n. Coaching.]

1. To convey in a coach. Pope.

2. To prepare for public examination by private instruction; to train
by special instruction. [Colloq.]
I coached him before he got his scholarship. G. Eliot.

COACH
Coach, v. i.

Defn: To drive or to ride in a coach; -- sometimes used with it.
[Colloq.] "Coaching it to all quarters." E. Waterhouse.

COACHBOX
Coach"box`.

Defn: The seat of a coachman.

COACHDOG
Coach"dog`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a breed of dogs trained to accompany carriages; the
Dalmatian dog.

COACHEE
Coach"ee, n.

Defn: A coachman [Slang]

COACHER
Coach"er, n.

1. A coachman. [Obs.]

2.  A coach horse.

3.  One who coaches; specif. (Baseball),

Defn: one of the side at the bat posted near first or third base to
direct a base runner.

COACHFELLOW
Coach"fel`low, n.

Defn: One of a pair of horses employed to draw a coach; hence (Fig.),
a comrade. Shak.

COACHMAN
Coach"man, n.; pl. Coachmen.

1. A man whose business is to drive a coach or carriage.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tropical fish of the Atlantic ocean (Dutes auriga); -- called
also charioteer. The name refers to a long, lashlike spine of the
dorsal fin.

COACHMANSHIP
Coach"man*ship, n.

Defn: Skill in driving a coach.

COACHWHIP SNAKE
Coach"whip` snake". (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, slender, harmless snake of the southern United States
(Masticophis flagelliformis).

Note: Its long and tapering tail has the scales so arranged and
colored as to give it a braided appearance, whence the name.

COACT
Co*act", v. t. Etym: [L. coactare, intens. fr. cogere, coactum, to
force. See Cogent.]

Defn: To force; to compel; to drive. [Obs.]
The faith and service of Christ ought to be voluntary and not
coacted. Foxe.

COACT
Co*act", v. i. Etym: [Pref. co- + act, v.i.]

Defn: To act together; to work in concert; to unite. [Obs.]
But if I tell you how these two did coact. Shak.

COACTION
Co*ac"tion, n. Etym: [L. coactio.]

Defn: Force; compulsion, either in restraining or impelling. Sojth.

COACTIVE
Co*ac"tive, a. Etym: [In sense 1, fr. 1st Coact; in sense 2, fr. 2d
Coact.]

1. Serving to compel or constrain; compulsory; restrictive.
Any coactive power or the civil kind. Bp. Warburton.

2. Acting in concurrence; united in action.
With what's unreal thou coactive art. Shak.

COACTIVELY
Co*ac"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a coactive manner.

COACTIVITY
Co`ac*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: Unity of action.

COADAPTATION
Co*ad`ap*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Mutual adaption. R. Owen.

COADAPTED
Co`a*dapt"ed, a.

Defn: Adapted one to another; as, coadapted pulp and tooth. R. Owen.

COADJUMENT
Co*ad"ju*ment, n.

Defn: Mutual help; coöperation. [R.] Johnson.

COADJUST
Co`ad*just", v. t.

Defn: To adjust by mutual adaptations. R. Owen.

COADJUSTMENT
Co`ad*just"ment, n.

Defn: Mutual adjustment.

COADJUTANT
Co*ad"ju*tant, a.

Defn: Mutually assisting or operating; helping. J. Philips.

COADJUTANT
Co*ad"ju*tant, n.

Defn: An assistant. R. North.

COADJUTING
Co*ad"ju*ting, a.

Defn: Mutually assisting. [Obs.] Drayton.

COADJUTIVE
Co*ad"ju*tive, a.

Defn: Rendering mutual aid; coadjutant. Feltham.

COADJUTOR
Co`ad*ju"tor, n. Etym: [L. See Co-, and Aid.]

1. One who aids another; an assistant; a coworker.
Craftily outwitting her perjured coadjutor. Sheridan.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The assistant of a bishop or of a priest holding a benefice.

COADJUTORSHIP
Co`ad*ju"tor*ship, n.

Defn: The state or office of a coadjutor; joint assistance. Pope.

COADJUTRESS; COADJUTRIX
Co`ad*ju"tress, Co`ad*ju"trix, n.

Defn: A female coadjutor or assistant. Holland. Smollett.

COADJUVANCY
Co*ad"ju*van*cy, n.

Defn: Joint help; coöperation. Sir T. Browne.

COADJUVANT
Co*ad"ju*vant, a.

Defn: Coöperating.

COADJUVANT
Co*ad"ju*vant, n. (Med.)

Defn: An adjuvant.

COADUNATE
Co*ad"u*nate, a. Etym: [L. coadunatus, p. p. of coadunare to unite.
See Adunation.] (Bot.)

Defn: United at the base, as contiguous lobes of a leaf.

COADUNATION
Co*ad`u*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. coadunatio.]

Defn: Union, as in one body or mass; unity. Jer. Taylor.
The coadunation of all the civilized provinces. Coleridge.

COADUNITION
Co*ad`u*ni"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. co- + pref. ad- + unition.]

Defn: Coadunation. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

COADVENTURE
Co`ad*ven"ture, n.

Defn: An adventure in which two or more persons are partakers.

COADVENTURE
Co`ad*ven"ture, v. i.

Defn: To share in a venture. Howell.

COADVENTURER
Co`ad*ven"tur*er, n.

Defn: A fellow adventurer.

COAFFOREST
Co`af*for"est, v. t.

Defn: To convert into, or add to, a forest. Howell.

COAG
Coag, n.

Defn: See Coak, a kind of tenon.

COAGENCY
Co*a"gen*cy, n.

Defn: Agency in common; joint agency or agent. Coleridge.

COAGENT
Co*a"gent, n.

Defn: An associate in an act; a coworker. Drayton.

COAGMENT
Co`ag*ment", v. t. Etym: [L. coagmentare, fr. coagmentum a joining
together, fr. cogere. See Cogent.]

Defn: To join together. [Obs.] Glanvill.

COAGMENTATION
Co*ag`men*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. coagmentatio.]

Defn: The act of joining, or the state of being joined, together;
union. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

COAGULABILITY
Co*ag`u*la*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being coagulable; capacity of being coagulated.
Ure.

COAGULABLE
Co*ag"u*la*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being coagulated. Boyle.

COAGULANT
Co*ag"u*lant, n. Etym: [L. coagulans, p. pr.]

Defn: That which produces coagulation.

COAGULATE
Co*ag"u*late, a. Etym: [L. coagulatus, p. p. of coagulare to
coagulate, fr. coagulum means of coagulation, fr. cogere, coactum, to
drive together, coagulate. See Cogent.]

Defn: Coagulated. [Obs.] Shak.

COAGULATE
Co*ag"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coagulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Coagulating.]

Defn: To cause (a liquid) to change into a curdlike or semisolid
state, not by evaporation but by some kind of chemical reaction; to
curdle; as, rennet coagulates milk; heat coagulates the white of an
egg.

COAGULATE
Co*ag"u*late, v. i.

Defn: To undergo coagulation. Boyle.

Syn.
 -- To thicken; concrete; curdle; clot; congeal.

COAGULATED
Co*ag"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: Changed into, or contained in, a coagulum or a curdlike mass;
curdled. Coagulated proteid (Physiol. Chem.), one of a class of
bodies formed in the coagulation of a albuminous substance by heat,
acids, or other agents.

COAGULATION
Co*ag`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. coagulatio.]

1. The change from a liquid to a thickened, curdlike, insoluble
state, not by evaporation, but by some kind of chemical reaction; as,
the spontaneous coagulation of freshly drawn blood; the coagulation
of milk by rennet, or acid, and the coagulation of egg albumin by
heat. Coagulation is generally the change of an albuminous body into
an insoluble modification.

2. The substance or body formed by coagulation.

COAGULATIVE
Co*ag"u*la*tive, a.

Defn: Having the power to cause coagulation; as, a coagulative agent.
Boyle.

COAGULATOR
Co*ag"u*la`tor, n.

Defn: That which causes coagulation. Hixley.

COAGULATORY
Co*ag"u*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving to coagulate; produced by coagulation; as, coagulatory
effects. Boyle.

COAGULUM
Co*ag"u*lum, n.; pl. Coagula. Etym: [L. See Coagulate, a.]

Defn: The thick, curdy precipitate formed by the coagulation of
albuminous matter; any mass of coagulated matter, as a clot of bloot.

COAITA
Co*ai"ta, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The native name of certain South American monkeys of the genus
Ateles, esp. A. paniscus. The black-faced coaita is Ateles ater. See
Illustration in Appendix.

COAK
Coak, n.

Defn: See Coke, n.

COAK
Coak, n.

1. (Carp.)

Defn: A kind of tenon connecting the face of a scarfed timber with
the face of another timber, or a dowel or pin of hard wood or iron
uniting timbers. [Also spelt coag.]

2. A metallic bushing or strengthening piece in the center of a
wooden block sheve.

COAK
Coak, v. t. (Carp.)

Defn: To unite, as timbers, by means of tenons or dowels in the edges
or face. Totten.

COAL
Coal, n. Etym: [AS. col; akin to D. kool, OHG. chol, cholo, G. kohle,
Icel. kol, pl., Sw. kol, Dan. kul; cf. Skr. jval to burn. Cf. Kiln,
Collier.]

1. A thoroughly charred, and extinguished or still ignited, fragment
from wood or other combustible substance; charcoal.

2. (Min.)

Defn: A black, or brownish black, solid, combustible substance, dug
from beds or veins in the earth to be used for fuel, and consisting,
like charcoal, mainly of carbon, but more compact, and often
affording, when heated, a large amount of volatile matter.

Note: This word is often used adjectively, or as the first part of
self-explaining compounds; as, coal-black; coal formation; coal
scuttle; coal ship. etc.

Note: In England the plural coals is used, for the broken mineral
coal burned in grates, etc.; as, to put coals on the fire. In the
United States the singular in a collective sense is the customary
usage; as, a hod of coal. Age of coal plants. See Age of Acrogens,
under Acrogen.
 -- Anthracite or Glance coal. See Anthracite.
 -- Bituminous coal. See under Bituminous.
 -- Blind coal. See under Blind.
 -- Brown coal, or Lignite. See Lignite.
 -- Caking coal, a bituminous coal, which softens and becomes pasty
or semi-viscid when heated. On increasing the heat, the volatile
products are driven off, and a coherent, grayish black, cellular mass
of coke is left.
 -- Cannel coal, a very compact bituminous coal, of fine texture and
dull luster. See Cannel coal.
 -- Coal bed (Geol.), a layer or stratum of mineral coal.
 -- Coal breaker, a structure including machines and machinery
adapted for crushing, cleansing, and assorting coal.
 -- Coal field (Geol.), a region in which deposits of coal occur.
Such regions have often a basinlike structure, and are hence called
coal basins. See Basin.
 -- Coal gas, a variety of carbureted hydrogen, procured from
bituminous coal, used in lighting streets, houses, etc., and for
cooking and heating.
 -- Coal heaver, a man employed in carrying coal, and esp. in putting
it in, and discharging it from, ships.
 -- Coal measures. (Geol.) (a) Strata of coal with the attendant
rocks. (b) A subdivision of the carboniferous formation, between the
millstone grit below and the Permian formation above, and including
nearly all the workable coal beds of the world.
 -- Coal oil, a general name for mineral oils; petroleum.
 -- Coal plant (Geol.), one of the remains or impressions of plants
found in the strata of the coal formation.
 -- Coal tar. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- To haul over the coals, to call to account; to scold or censure.
[Colloq.] -- Wood coal. See Lignite.

COAL
Coal, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coaled; p. pr. & vb. n. Coaling.]

1. To burn to charcoal; to char. [R.]
Charcoal of roots, coaled into great pieces. Bacon.

2. To mark or delineate with charcoal. Camden.

3. To supply with coal; as, to coal a steamer.

COAL
Coal, v. i.

Defn: To take in coal; as, the steaer coaled at Southampton.

COAL-BLACK
Coal"-black, a.

Defn: As black as coal; jet black; very black. Dryden.

COALERY
Coal"er*y, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Colliery.

COALESCE
Co`a*lesce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Coalesced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Coalescing.] Etym: [L. coalescere, coalitium; co- + alescere to grow
up, incho. fr. alere to nourish. See Aliment, n.]

1. To grow together; to unite by growth into one body; as, the parts
separated by a wound coalesce.

2. To unite in one body or product; to combine into one body or
community; as, vapors coalesce.
The Jews were incapable of coalescing with other nations. Campbell.
Certain combinations of ideas that, once coalescing, could not be
shaken loose. De Quincey.

Syn.
 -- See Add.

COALESCENCE
Co`a*les"cence, n.

Defn: The act or state of growing together, as similar parts; the act
of uniting by natural affinity or attraction; the state of being
united; union; concretion.

COALESCENT
Co`a*les"cent, a. Etym: [L. coalescens, p. pr.]

Defn: Growing together; cohering, as in the organic cohesion of
similar parts; uniting.

COALFISH
Coal"fish`, n. Etym: [Named from the dark color of the back.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The pollock; -- called also, coalsey, colemie, colmey, coal
whiting, etc. See Pollock.
(b) The beshow or candlefish of Alaska.
(c) The cobia.

COALGOOSE
Coal"goose`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cormorant; -- so called from its black color.

COALITE
Co"a*lite, v. i. Etym: [L. coalitus, p. p. of coalescere. See
Coalesce.]

Defn: To unite or coalesce. [Obs.]
Let them continue to coalite. Bolingbroke.

COALITE
Co"a*lite, v. t.

Defn: To cause to unite or coalesce. [Obs.]
Time has by degrees blended . . . and coalited the conquered with the
conquerors. Burke.

COALITION
Co`a*li"tion, n. Etym: [LL. coalitio: cf. F. coalition. See
Coalesce.]

1. The act of coalescing; union into a body or mass, as of separate
bodies or parts; as, a coalition of atoms. Bentley.

2. A combination, for temporary purposes, of persons, parties, or
states, having different interests.
A coalition of the puritan and the blackleg. J. Randolph.
The coalition between the religious and worldly enemies of popery.
Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Alliance; confederation; confederacy; league; combination;
conjunction; conspiracy; union.

COALITIONER
Co`a*li"tion*er, n.

Defn: A coalitionist.

COALITIONIST
Co`a*li"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who joins or promotes a coalition; one who advocates
coalition.

CO-ALLY
Co`-al*ly", n.; pl. Co-allies.

Defn: A joint ally. Kent.

COAL-METER
Coal"-me`ter, n.

Defn: A licensed or official coal measurer in London. See Meter.
Simmonds.

COALMOUSE
Coal"mouse`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small species of titmouse, with a black head; the coletit.

COALPIT
Coal"pit`, n.

1. A pit where coal is dug.

2. A place where charcoal is made. [U. S.]

COALSACK
Coal"sack`, n.  [Coal + 2d sack.] (Astron.)

Defn: Any one of the spaces in the Milky Way which are very black,
owing to the nearly complete absence of stars; esp., the large space
near the Southern Cross sometimes called the Black Magellanic Cloud.

COAL TAR
Coal" tar`.

Defn: A thick, black, tarry liquid, obtained by the distillation of
bituminous coal in the manufacture of illuminating gas; used for
making printer's ink, black varnish, etc. It is a complex mixture
from which many substances have been obtained, especially
hydrocarbons of the benzene or aromatic series.

Note: Among its important ingredients are benzene, aniline, phenol,
naphtalene, anthracene, etc., which are respectively typical of many
dye stuffs, as the aniline dyes, the phthaleïns, indigo, alizarin,
and many flavoring extracts whose artificial production is a matter
of great commercial importance.

COAL-WHIPPER
Coal"-whip`per, n.

Defn: One who raises coal out of the hold of a ship. [Eng.] Dickens.

COAL WORKS
Coal" works.

Defn: A place where coal is dug, including the machinery for raising
the coal.

COALY
Coal"y, a. Etym: [From Coal, n.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, coal; containing coal; of the
nature of coal.

COAMINGS
Coam"ings, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. Comb a crest.] (Naut.)

Defn: Raised pieces of wood of iron around a hatchway, skylight, or
other opening in the deck, to prevent water from running bellow; esp.
the fore-and-aft pieces of a hatchway frame as distinguished from the
transverse head ledges. [Written also combings.]

COANNEX
Co`an*nex", v. t.

Defn: To annex with something else.

COAPTATION
Co`ap*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. coaptatio, fr. coaptare to fit together;
co- + aptare. See Aptate.]

Defn: The adaptation or adjustment of parts to each other, as of a
broken bone or dislocated joint.

COARCT; COARCTATE
Co*arct", Co*arc"tate, v. t. Etym: [See Coarctate, a.]

1. To press together; to crowd; to straiten; to confine closely.
[Obs.] Bacon.

2. To restrain; to confine. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

COARCTATE
Co*arc"tate, a. Etym: [L. coarctatus, p. p. of coarctare to press
together; co- + arctare to press together, from arctus, p. p. See
Arctation.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pressed together; closely connected; -- applied to insects
having the abdomen separated from the thorax only by a constriction.
Coarctate pupa (Zoöl.), a pupa closely covered by the old larval
skin, as in most Diptera.

COARCTATION
Co`arc*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. coarctatio.]

1. Confinement to a narrow space. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. Pressure; that which presses. [Obs.] Ray.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A stricture or narrowing, as of a canal, cavity, or orifice.

COARSE
Coarse, a. [Compar. Coarser; superl. Coarsest.] Etym: [As this word
was anciently written course, or cours, it may be an abbreviation of
of course, in the common manner of proceeding, common, and hence,
homely, made for common domestic use, plain, rude, rough, gross, e.
g., "Though the threads be course." Gascoigne. See Course.]

1. Large in bulk, or composed of large parts or particles; of
inferior quality or appearance; not fine in material or close in
texture; gross; thick; rough; -- opposed to fine; as, coarse sand;
coarse thread; coarse cloth; coarse bread.

2. Not refined; rough; rude; unpolished; gross; indelicate; as,
coarse manners; coarse language.
I feel Of what coarse metal ye are molded. Shak.
To copy, in my coarse English, his beautiful expressions. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Large; thick; rough; gross; blunt; uncouth; unpolished;
inelegant; indelicate; vulgar.

COARSE-GRAINED
Coarse"-grained`, a.

Defn: Having a coarse grain or texture, as wood; hence, wanting in
refinement.

COARSELY
Coarse"ly, adv.

Defn: In a coarse manner; roughly; rudely; inelegantly; uncivilly;
meanly.

COARSEN
Coars"en, v. t.

Defn: To make coarse or vulgar; as, to coarsen one's character. [R.]
Graham.

COARSENESS
Coarse"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being coarse; roughness; melegance;
vulgarity; grossness; as, coarseness of food, texture, manners, or
language. "The coarseness of the sackcloth." Dr. H. More.
Pardon the coarseness of the illustration. L'Estrange.
A coarseness and vulgarity in all the proceedings. Burke.

COARTICULATION
Co`ar*tic`u*la"tion, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The unoin or articulation of bones to form a joint.

CO-ASSESSOR
Co`-as*sess"or, n.

Defn: A joint assessor.

COAST
Coast, n. Etym: [OF. coste, F. côte, rib, hill, shore, coast, L.
costa rib, side. Cf. Accost, v. t., Cutlet.]

1. The side of a thing. [Obs.] Sir I. Newton.

2. The exterior line, limit, or border of a country; frontier border.
[Obs.]
From the river, the river Euphrates, even to the uttermost sea, shall
your coast be. Deut. xi. 24.

3. The seashore, or land near it.
He sees in English ships the Holland coast. Dryden.
We the Arabian coast do know At distance, when the species blow.
Waller.
The coast is clear, the danger is over; no enemy in sight. Dryden.
Fig.: There are no obstacles. "Seeing that the coast was clear,
Zelmane dismissed Musidorus." Sir P. Sidney. Coast guard. (a) A body
of men originally employed along the coast to prevent smuggling; now,
under the control of the admiralty, drilled as a naval reserve.
[Eng.] (b) The force employed in lifesaving stations along the
seacoast. [U. S.] -- Coast rat (Zoöl.), a South African mammal
(Bathyergus suillus), about the size of a rabbit, remarkable for its
extensive burrows; -- called also sand mole.
 -- Coast waiter, a customhouse officer who superintends the landing
or shipping of goods for the coast trade. [Eng.]

COAST
Coast, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Coasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Coasting.] Etym:
[OE. costien, costeien, costen, OF. costier, costoier, F. côtoyer,
fr. Of. coste coast, F. côte. See Coast, n.]

1. To draw or keep near; to approach. [Obs.]
Anon she hears them chant it lustily, And all in haste she coasteth
to the cry. Shak.

2. To sail by or near the shore.
The ancients coasted only in their navigation. Arbuthnot.

3. To sail from port to port in the same country.

4. Etym: [Cf. OF. coste, F. côte, hill, hillside.]

Defn: To slide down hill; to slide on a sled, upon snow or ice.
[Local, U. S.]

COAST
Coast, v. t.

1. To draw near to; to approach; to keep near, or by the side of.
[Obs.] Hakluyt.

2. To sail by or near; to follow the coast line of.
Nearchus, . . . not knowing the compass, was fain to coast that
shore. Sir T. Browne.

3. To conduct along a coast or river bank. [Obs.]
The Indians . . . coasted me along the river. Hakluyt.

COASTAL
Coast"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a cast.

COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY
Coast and Geodetic Survey.

Defn: A bureau of the United States government charged with the
topographic and hydrographic survey of the coast and the execution of
belts of primary triangulation and lines of precise leveling in the
interior. It now belongs to the Department of Commerce and Labor.

COASTER
Coast"er, n.

1. A vessel employed in sailing along a coast, or engaged in the
coasting trade.

2. One who sails near the shore.

COASTING
Coast"ing, a.

Defn: Sailing along or near a coast, or running between ports along a
coast. Coasting trade, trade carried on by water between neighboring
ports of the same country, as distinguished fron foreign trade or
trade involving long voyages.
 -- Coasting vessel, a vessel employed in coasting; a coaster.

COASTING
Coast"ing, n.

1. A sailing along a coast, or from port to port; a carrying on a
coasting trade.

2. Sliding down hill; sliding on a sled upon snow or ice. [Local, U.
S.]

COASTWISE; COASTWAYS
Coast"wise`, Coast"ways`, adv.

Defn: By way of, or along, the coast.

COAT
Coat (; 110), n. Etym: [OF. cote, F. cotte, petticoat, cotte d'armes
coat of arms, cotte de mailles coat of mail, LL. cota, cotta, tunic,
prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. chozzo coarse mantle, G. klotze, D.
kot, hut, E. cot. Cf. Cot a hut.]

1. An outer garment fitting the upper part of the body; especially,
such a garment worn by men.
Let each His adamantine coat gird well. Milton.

2. A petticoat. [Obs.] "A child in coats." Locke.

3. The habit or vesture of an order of men, indicating the order or
office; cloth.
Men of his coat should be minding their prayers. Swift.
She was sought by spirits of richest coat. Shak.

4. An external covering like a garment, as fur, skin, wool, husk, or
bark; as, the horses coats were sleek.
Fruit of all kinds, in coat Rough or smooth rined, or bearded husk,
or shell. Milton.

5. A layer of any substance covering another; a cover; a tegument;
as, the coats of the eye; the coats of an onion; a coat of tar or
varnish.

6. Same as Coat of arms. See below.
Hark, countrymen! either renew the fight, Or tear the lions out of
England's coat. Shak.

7. A coat card. See below. [Obs.]
Here's a trick of discarded cards of us! We were ranked with coats as
long as old master lived. Massinger.
Coat armor. See under Armor.
 -- Coat of arms (Her.), a translation of the French cotte d'armes, a
garment of light material worn over the armor in the 15th and 16th
centuries. This was often charged with the heraldic bearings of the
wearer. Hence, an heraldic achievement; the bearings of any person,
taken together.
 -- Coat card, a card bearing a coated figure; the king, queen, or
knave of playing cards. "`I am a coat card indeed.' `Then thou must
needs be a knave, for thou art neither king nor queen.'" Rowley.
 -- Coat link, a pair of buttons or studs joined by a link, to hold
together the lappels of a double-breasted coat; or a button with a
loop for a single-breasted coat.
 -- Coat of mail, a defensive garment of chain mail. See Chain mail,
under Chain.
 -- Mast coat (Naut.), a piece of canvas nailed around a mast, where
it passes through the deck, to prevent water from getting below.
 -- Sail coat (Naut.), a canvas cover laced over furled sails, and
the like, to keep them dry and clean.

COAT
Coat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coated; p. pr. & vb. n. Coating.]

1. To cover with a coat or outer garment.

2. To cover with a layer of any substance; as, to coat a jar with tin
foil; to coat a ceiling.

COATEE
Coat*ee", n.

Defn: A coat with short flaps.

COATI
Co*a"ti ( or , n. Etym: [From the native name: cf. F. coati.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mammal of tropical America of the genus Nasua, allied to the
raccoon, but with a longer body, tail, and nose.

Note: The red coati (N. socialis), called also coati mondi, inhabits
Mexico and Central America. The brown coati (N. narica) is found in
Surinam and Brazil.

COATING
Coat"ing, n.

1. A coat or covering; a layer of any substance, as a cover or
protection; as, the coating of a retort or vial.

2. Cloth for coats; as, an assortment of coatings.

COATLESS
Coat"less, a.

Defn: Not wearing a coat; also, not possessing a coat.

COAX
Coax (; 110), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coaxed; p. pr. & vb. n. Coaxing.]
Etym: [Cf. OE. cokes fool, a person easily imposed upon, W. coeg
empty, foolish; F. coquin knave, rogue.]

Defn: To persuade by gentle, insinuating courtesy, flattering, or
fondling; to wheedle; to soothe.

Syn.
 -- To wheedle; cajole; flatter; persuade; entice.

COAX
Coax, n.

Defn: A simpleton; a dupe. [Obs.] Beau & Fl.

COAXATION
Co`ax*a"tion, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The act of croaking. [R] Dr. H. More.

COAXER
Coax"er, n.

Defn: One who coaxes.

COAXINGLY
Coax"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a coaxing manner; by coaxing.

COB
Cob, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. cop, copp, head, top, D. kop, G. kopf, kuppe,
LL. cuppa cup (cf. E. brainpan), and also W. cob tuft, spider, cop,
copa, top, summit, cobio to thump. Cf. Cop top, Cup, n.]

1. The top or head of anything. [Obs.] W. Gifford.

2. A leader or chief; a conspicuous person, esp. a rich covetous
person. [Obs.]
All cobbing country chuffs, which make their bellies and their bags
their god, are called rich cobs. Nash.

3. The axis on which the kernels of maize or indian corn grow. [U.
S.]

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spider; perhaps from its shape; it being round like a head.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young herring. B. Jonson.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish; -- also called miller's thumb.

7. A short-legged and stout horse, esp. one used for the saddle.
[Eng.]

8. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea mew or gull; esp., the black-backed gull (Larus marinus).
[Written also cobb.]

9. A lump or piece of anything, usually of a somewhat large size, as
of coal, or stone.

10. A cobnut; as, Kentish cobs. See Cobnut. [Eng.]

11. Clay mixed with straw. [Prov. Eng.]
The poor cottager contenteth himself with cob for his walls, and
thatch for his covering. R. Carew.

12. A punishment consisting of blows inflicted on the buttocks with a
strap or a flat piece of wood. Wright.

13. A Spanish coin formerly current in Ireland, worth abiut 4s. 6d.
[Obs.] Wright. Cob coal, coal in rounded lumps from the size of an
egg to that of a football; -- called also cobbles. Grose.
 -- Cob loaf, a crusty, uneven loaf, rounded at top. Wright.
 -- Cob money, a kind of rudely coined gold and silver money of
Spanish South America in the eighteenth century. The coins were of
the weight of the piece of eight, or one of its aliquot parts.

COB
Cob, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cobbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Cobbing.]

1. To strike [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. (Mining)

Defn: To break into small pieces, as ore, so as to sort out its
better portions. Raymond.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: To punish by striking on the buttocks with a strap, a flat
piece of wood, or the like.

COBAEA
Co*bæ"a, n. Etym: [Named after D. Cobo, a Spanish botanist.]

Defn: A genus of climbing plants, native of Mexico and South America.
C. scandens is a consrvatory climber with large bell-shaped flowers.

COBALT
Co"balt (; 277, 74), n. Etym: [G. kobalt, prob. fr. kobold, kobel,
goblin, MHG. kobolt; perh. akin to G. koben pigsty, hut, AS. cofa
room, cofgodas household gods, Icel. kofi hut. If so, the ending -old
stands for older -walt, -wald, being the same as -ald in E. herald
and the word would mean ruler or governor in a house, house spirit,
the metal being so called by miners, because it was poisonous and
troublesome. Cf. Kobold, Cove, Goblin.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A tough, lustrous, reddish white metal of the iron group, not
easily fusible, and somewhat magnetic. Atomic weight 59.1. Symbol Co.

Note: It occurs in nature in combination with arsenic, sulphur, and
oxygen, and is obtained from its ores, smaltite, cobaltite, asbolite,
etc. Its oxide colors glass or any flux, as borax, a fine blue, and
is used in the manufacture of smalt. It is frequently associated with
nickel, and both are characteristic ingredients of meteoric iron.

2. A commercial name of a crude arsenic used as fly poison. Cobalt
bloom. Same as Erythrite.
 -- Cobalt blue, a dark blue pigment consisting of some salt of
cobalt, as the phosphate, ignited with alumina; -- called also cobalt
ultramarine, and Thenard's blue.
 -- Cobalt crust, earthy arseniate of cobalt.
 -- Cobalt glance. (Min.) See Cobaltite.
 -- Cobalt green, a pigment consisting essentially of the oxides of
cobalt and zinc; -- called also Rinman's green.
 -- Cobalt yellow (Chem.), a yellow crystalline powder, regarded as a
double nitrite of cobalt and potassium.

COBALTIC
Co*balt"ic (; 74), a. Etym: [Cf. F. cobaltique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cobalt; -- said
especially of those compounds in which cobalt has higher valence; as,
cobaltic oxide. Luteo-cobaltic compounds (Chem.), an extensive series
of complex yellow compounds of ammonia and cobaltic salts.
 -- Roseo-cobaltic compounds (Chem.), an extensive series of complex
red compounds of cobalt and ammonia. Modifications of these are the
purpureo-cobaltic compounds.

COBALTIFEROUS
Co`balt*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Cobalt + -ferous.] (Min.)

Defn: Containing cobalt.

COBALTINE; COBALTITE
Co"balt*ine, Co"balt*ite n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a nearly silver-white color, composed of arsenic,
sulphur, and cobalt.

COBALTOUS
Co*balt"ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cobalt; -- said
esp. of cobalt compounds in which the metal has its lower valence.
Cobaltous chloride, a crystalline compound, CoCl2, of a pale rose
color when hydrous, blue when dehydrated. Its solution is used for a
sympathetic ink, the writing being nearly colorless when dried in the
air, owing to absorbed moisture, and becoming bright blue when
warmed.

COBBING
Cob"bing, a.

Defn: Haughty; purse-proud. See Cob, n., 2. [Obs.] Withals (1608).

COBBLE
Cob"ble, n.

Defn: A fishing boat. See Coble.

COBBLE
Cob"ble, n. Etym: [From Cob a lump. See Cob, n., 9, and cf. Copple,
Copplestone.]

1. A cobblestone. "Their slings held cobbles round." Fairfax.

2. pl.

Defn: Cob coal. See under Cob.

COBBLE
Cob"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cobbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Cobbling.]
Etym: [OF. cobler, copler, to join or knit together, couple, F.
coupler, L. copulare to couple, join. Cf. Couple, n. & v. t.]

1. To make or mend coarsely; to patch; to botch; as, to cobble shoes.
Shak. "A cobbled saddle." Thackeray.

2. To make clumsily. "Cobbled rhymes." Dryden.

3. To pave with cobblestones.

COBBLER
Cob"bler, n.

1. A mender of shoes. Addison.

2. A clumsy workman. Shak.

3. A beverage. See Sherry cobbler, under Sherry. Cobbler fish
(Zoöl.), a marine fish (Blepharis crinitus) of the Atlantic. The name
alludes to its threadlike fin rays.

COBBLESTONE
Cob"ble*stone`, n.

Defn: A large pebble; a rounded stone not too large to be handled; a
small boulder; -- used for paving streets and for other purposes.

COBBY
Cob"by, a. Etym: [From Cob, n.]

1. Headstrong; obstinate. [Obs.] Brockett.

2. Stout; hearty; lively. [Obs.]

COBELLIGERENT
Co`bel*lig"er*ent, a.

Defn: Carryng on war in conjunction with another power.

COBELLIGERENT
Co`bel*lig"er*ent, n.

Defn: A nation or state that carries on war in connection with
another.

COBIA
Co"bi*a, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An oceanic fish of large size (Elacate canada); the crabeater;
-- called also bonito, cubbyyew, coalfish, and sergeant fish.

COBIRON
Cob"i`ron, n. Etym: [From Cob the top.]

Defn: An andiron with a knob at the top. Bacon.

COBISHOP
Co`bish"op, n.

Defn: A joint or coadjutant bishop. Ayliffe.

COBLE
Co"ble, n. Etym: [AS. cuopel; cf. W. ceubal skiff, ferryboat.]

Defn: A flat-floored fishing boat with a lug sail, and a drop rudder
extending from two to four feet below the keel. It was originally
used on the stormy coast of Yorkshire, England.

COBNUT
Cob"nut`, n.

1. (Com.)

Defn: A large roundish variety of the cultivated hazelnut.

2. A game played by children with nuts.

COBOOSE
Co*boose", n.

Defn: See Caboose.

COBOURG
Co"bourg, n. Etym: [Named from the town of Coburg in Germany.]

Defn: A thin worsted fabric for women's dresses.

COBRA
Co"bra, n.

Defn: See Copra.

COBRA
Co"bra, n.

Defn: The cobra de capello.

COBRA DE CAPELLO
Co"bra de ca*pel"lo. Etym: [Pg., serpent of the hood.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hooded snake (Naia tripudians), a highly venomous serpent
inhabiting India.

COBSTONE
Cob"stone`, n.

Defn: Cobblestone. [Prov. Eng.]

COBSWAN
Cob"swan`, n.

Defn: A large swan. B. Jonson.

COBWALL
Cob"wall`, n. Etym: [Cob clay mixed with straw + wall.]

Defn: A wall made of clay mixed with straw.

COBWEB
Cob"web`, n. Etym: [Cob a spider + web.]

1. The network spread by a spider to catch its prey.

2. A snare of insidious meshes designed to catch the ignorant and
unwary.
I can not but lament thy splendid wit Entangled in the cobwebs of the
schools. Cowper.

3. That which is thin and unsubstantial, or flimsy and worthless;
rubbish.
The dust and cobwebs of that uncivil age. Sir P. Sidney.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European spotted flycatcher. Cobweb lawn, a fine linen,
mentioned in 1640 as being in pieces of fifteen yards. Beck. Draper's
Dict.
Such a proud piece of cobweb lawn. Beau. & Fl.
Cobweb micrometer, a micrometer in which threads of cobwed are
substituted for wires.

COBWEBBED
Cob"webbed`, a.

Defn: Abounding in cobwebs. "The cobwebbed cottage." Young.

COBWEBBY
Cob"web`by, a.

Defn: Abounding in cobwebs, or any fine web; resembling a cobweb.

COBWORK
Cob"work`, a.

Defn: Built of logs, etc., laid horizontally, with the ends
dovetailed together at the corners, as in a log house; in marine
work, often surrounding a central space filled with stones; as, a
cobwork dock or breakwater.

COCA
Co"ca, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. native name.]

Defn: The dried leaf of a South American shrub (Erythroxylon Coca).
In med., called Erythroxylon.

Note: Coca leaves resemble tea leaves in size, shape, and odor, and
are chewed (with an alkali) by natives of Peru and Bolivia to impart
vigor in prolonged exertion, or to sustain strength in absence of
food. Mexican coca, an American herb (Richardsonia scabra), yielding
a nutritious fodder. Its roots are used as a substitute for
ipecacuanha.

COCAGNE
Coc*agne", n. Etym: [F. cocagne, pays de cocagne; of uncertian
origin, cf. Prov. F. couque cake, Catal. coca, L. coquere to cook; as
if the houses in this country were covered with cakes. Cf. Cook,
Cockney.]

1. An imaginary country of idleness and luxury.

2. The land of cockneys; cockneydom; -- a term applied to London and
its suburbs. Smart.

COCAINE
Co"ca*ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A powerful alkaloid, C17H21NO4, obtained from the leaves of
coca. It is a bitter, white, crystalline substance, and is remarkable
for producing local insensibility to pain.

COCAINISM
Co*ca"in*ism, n. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition produced by the habitual and excessive use
of cocaine. -- Co*ca"in*ist, n.

COCAINIZE
Co*ca"in*ize, v. t.

Defn: To treat or anæsthetize with cocaine. -- Co*ca`in*i*za"tion
(#), n.

COCCIFEROUS
Coc*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. coccum a berry + -ferous. See Coccus.]

Defn: Bearing or producing berries; bacciferous; as, cocciferrous
trees or plants.

COCCINELLA
Coc`ci*nel"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. coccineus scarlet-colored. See
Cochoneal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small beetles of many species. They and their larvæ
feed on aphids or plant lice, and hence are of great benefit to man.
Also called ladybirds and ladybugs.

COCCOBACTERIUM
Coc`co*bac*te"ri*um, n.; pl. Coccobacteria. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
bacterium. So called from its round shape.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of the round variety of bacteria, a vegetable organism,
generally less than a thousandth of a millimeter in diameter.

COCCOLITE
Coc"co*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. coccalite.] (Min.)

Defn: A granular variety of pyroxene, green or white in color.

COCCOLITH
Coc"co*lith, n. Etym: [Gr. -lith.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of a kind of minute, calcareous bodies, probably vegetable,
often abundant in deep-sea mud.

COCCOSPHERE
Coc"co*sphere, n. Etym: [Gr. sphere.] (Biol.)

Defn: A small, rounded, marine organism, capable of braking up into
coccoliths.

COCCOSTEUS
Coc*cos"te*us, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of Devonian ganoid fishes, having the broad
plates about the head studded with berrylike tubercles.

COCCULUS INDICUS
Coc"cu*lus In"di*cus, n. Etym: [NL. cocculus (dim. of L. coccum
kermes berry) + L. Indicus of India.] (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit or berry of the Anamirta Cocculus, a climbing plant
of the East Indies. It is a poisonous narcotic and stimulant.

COCCUS
Coc"cus, n.; pl. Cocci. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Cochineal.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the separable carpels of a dry fruit.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of hemipterous insects, including scale insects, and
the cochineal insect (Coccus cacti).

3. (Biol.)

Defn: A form of bacteria, shaped like a globule.

COCCYGEAL
Coc*cyg"e*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the coccyx; as, the coccygeal vertebræ.
Coccygeal glands (Zoöl.) , glands situated at the base of the tail of
birds. They secrete the oil with which the plumage is dressed.

COCCYGEOUS
Coc*cyg"e*ous, a.

Defn: Coccygeal. [R.]

COCCYX
Coc"cyx, n.; pl. L. Coccyges. Etym: [L., cuckoo, Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The end of the vertebral column beyond the sacrum in man and
tailless monkeys. It is composed of several vertebræ more or less
consolidated.

COCHINEAL
Coch"i*neal, Etym: [Sp. cochinilla, dim. from L. coccineus, coccinus,
scarlet, fr. coccum the kermes berry, G. Quercus coccifera; but cf.
also Sp. cochinilla wood louse, dim. of cochina sow, akin to F.
cochon pig.]

Defn: A dyestuff consisting of the dried bodies of females of the
Coccus cacti, an insect native in Mexico, Central America, etc., and
found on several species of cactus, esp. Opuntia cochinellifera.

Note: These insects are gathered from the plant, killed by the
application of heat, and exposed to the sun to dry. When dried they
resemble small, rough berries or seeds, of a brown or purple color,
and form the cochineal of the shops, which is used for making
carmine, and also as a red dye.

Note: Cochineal contains as its essential coloring matter carminic
acid, a purple red amorphous substance which yields carmine red.

COCHINEAL FIG
Coch"i*neal fig, (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of Central and Southern Anerica, of the Cactus familly,
extensively cultivated for the sake of the cochineal insect, which
lives on it.

COCHIN FOWL
Co"chin fowl`, (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large variety of the domestic fowl, originally from Cochin
China (Anam).

COCHLEA
Coch"le*a, n. Etym: [L., a snail, or snail shell, Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: An appendage of the labyrinth of the internal ear, which is
elongated and coiled into a spiral in mammals. See Ear.

COCHLEAR
Coch"le*ar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the cochlea.

COCHLEARE
Coch`le*a"re, n. Etym: [L.]

1. A spoon. Andrews.

2. (Med)

Defn: A spoonful. Dungleson.

COCHLEARIFORM
Coch`le*ar"i*form, a. Etym: [Cochleare + -form.]

Defn: Spoon-shaped.

COCHLEARY
Coch"le*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. cochlearum penfor snails (meaning formerly
given, snail shell). See Cjchlea.]

Defn: Same as Cochleate.

COCHLEATE; COCHLEATED
Coch"le*ate, Coch"le*a`ted, a. Etym: [L. cochleatus spiral or screw-
formed. See Cochlea.]

Defn: Having the form of a snail shell; spiral; turbinated.

COCK
Cock, n. Etym: [AS. coc; of unkown origin, perh. in imitation of the
cry of the cock. Cf. Chicken.]

1. The male of birds, particulary of gallinaceous or domestic fowls.

2. A vane in the shape of a cock; a weathercock.
Drenched our steeples, drowned the cocks! Shak.

3. A chief man; a leader or master. [Humorous]
Sir Andrew is the cock of the club, since he left us. Addison.

4. The crow of a cock, esp. the first crow in the morning; cockcrow.
[Obs.]
He begins at curfew, and walks till the first cock. Shak.

5. A faucet or valve.

Note: Jonsons says, "The handly probably had a cock on the top;
things that were contrived to turn seem anciently to have had that
form, whatever was the reason." Skinner says, because it used to be
constructed in forma critæ galli, i.e., in the form of a cock's comb.

6. The style of gnomon of a dial. Chambers.

7. The indicator of a balance. Johnson.

8. The bridge piece which affords a bearing for the pivot of a
balance in a clock or watch. Knight. Ball cock. See under Ball.
 -- Chaparral cock. See under Chaparral.
 -- Cock and bull story, an extravagant, boastful story; a canard.
 -- Cock of the plains (Zoöl.) See Sage cock.
 -- Cock of the rock (Zoöl.), a South American bird (Rupicola
aurantia) having a beautiful crest.
 -- Cock of the walk, a chief or master; the hero of the hour; one
who has overcrowed, or got the better of, rivals or competitors.
 -- Cock of the woods. See Capercailzie.

COCK
Cock, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cocked; p. pr. & vb. n. Cocking.] Etym:
[Cf. Gael. coc to cock.]

1. To set erect; to turn up.
Our Lightfoot barks, and cocks his ears. Gay.
Dick would cock his nose in scorn. Swift.

2. To shape, as a hat, by turning up the brim.

3. To set on one side in a pert or jaunty manner.
They cocked their hats in each other's faces. Macaulay.

4. To turn (the eye) obliquely and partially close its lid, as an
expression of derision or insinuation. Cocked hat. (a) A hat with
large, stiff flaps turned up to a peaked crown, thus making its form
triangular; -- called also three-cornered hat. (b) A game similar to
ninepins, except that only three pins are used, which are set up at
the angles of a triangle.

COCK
Cock, v. i.

Defn: To strut; to swagger; to look big, pert, or menacing. Addison.

COCK
Cock, n.

Defn: The act of cocking; also, the turn so given; as, a cock of the
eyes; to give a hat a saucy cock.

COCK
Cock, n. Etym: [It. cocca notch of an arrow.]

1. The notch of an arrow or crossbow.

2. The hammer in the lock of a firearm. At cock, At full cock, with
the hammer raised and ready to fire; -- said of firearms, also,
jocularly, of one prepared for instant action.
 -- At half cock. See under Half.
 -- Cock feather (Archery), the feather of an arrow at right angles
to the direction of the cock or notch. Nares.

COCK
Cock, v. t.

Defn: To draw the hammer of (a firearm) fully back and set it for
firing.

COCK
Cock, v. i.

Defn: To draw back the hammer of a firearm, and set it for firing.
Cocked, fired, and missed his man. Byron.

COCK
Cock, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. kökkr lump, Dan. kok heap, or E. cock to
set erect.]

Defn: A small concial pile of hay.

COCK
Cock, v. t.

Defn: To put into cocks or heaps, as hay.
Under the cocked hay. Spenser.

COCK
Cock, n. Etym: [Of. coque, F. coche, a small vessel, L. concha muscle
shell, a vessel. See Coach, and cf.Cog

Defn: A small boat.
Yond tall anchoring bark [appears] Diminished to her cock; her cock,
a buoy Almost too small for sight. Shak.

COCK
Cock, n.

Defn: A corruption or disguise of the word God, used in oaths. [Obs.]
"By cock and pie." Shak.

COCKADE
Cock*ade", n. Etym: [F. cocarble, fr. coquard vain, OF. coquart, fr.
coq cock, prob. of imitative origin. The ornament is so named from
its resemblance to the crest of a cock. Cf. Coquette.]

Defn: A badge, usually in the form of a rosette, or knot, and
generally worn upon the hat; -- used as an indication of military or
naval service, or party allegiance, and in England as a part of the
livery to indicate that the wearer is the servant of a military or
naval officer.
Seduced by military liveries and cockades. Burke.

COCKADED
Cock*ad"ed, a.

Defn: Wearing a cockade. Young.

COCK-A-HOOP
Cock`-a-hoop", a.

Defn: Boastful; defiant; exulting. Also used adverbially.

COCKAL
Cock"al, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

1. A game played with sheep's bones instead of dice [Obs.]

2. The bone used in playing the game; -- called also huckle bone.
[Obs.] Nares.
A little transverse bone Which boys and bruckeled children call
(Playing for points and pins) cockal. Herrick.

COCKALEEKIE
Cock`a*leek"ie, n. Etym: [From cock + leek.]

Defn: A favorite soup in Scotland, made from a capon highly seasoned,
and boiled with leeks and prunes.

COCKAMAROO
Cock`a*ma*roo", n.

Defn: The Russian variety of bagatelle.

COCKATEEL
Cock"a*teel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Australian parrot (Calopsitta Novæ-Hollandiæ); -- so called
from its note.

COCKATOO
Cock`a*too, n. Etym: [Malayan kakatua.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the Parrot family, of the subfamily Cacatuinæ, having
a short, strong, and much curved beak, and the head ornamented with a
crest, which can be raised or depressed at will. There are several
genera and many species; as the broad-crested (Plictolophus, or
Cacatua, cristatus), the sulphur-crested (P. galeritus), etc. The
palm or great black cockatoo of Australia is Microglossus aterrimus.
Cock"a*trice, n. Etym: [OF. cocatrice crocodile, F. cocatrix,
cocatrice. The word is a corruption from the same source as E.
crocodile, but was confused with cock the bird, F. coq, whence arose
the fable that the animal was produced from a cock's egg. See
Crocodile.]

1. A fabulous serpent whose breath and look were said to be fatal.
See Basilisk.
That bare vowel, I, shall poison more Than the death-darting eye of
cockatrice. Shak.

2. (Her.)

Defn: A representation of this serpent. It has the head, wings, and
legs of a bird, and tail of a serpent.

3. (Script.)

Defn: A venomous serpent which which cannot now be identified.
The weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice's

Note: [Rev. Ver. basilisk's] den. Is. xi. 8.

4. Any venomous or deadly thing.
This little cockatrice of a king. Bacon.

COCKATRICE
Cock"a*trice (-tris; 277), n. [OF. cocatrice crocodile, F. cocatrix,
cocatrice. The word is a corruption from the same source as E.
crocodile, but was confused with cock the bird, F. coq, whence arose
the fable that the animal was produced from a cock's egg. See
Crocodile.]

1. A fabulous serpent whose breath and look were said to be fatal.
See Basilisk.

That bare vowel, I, shall poison more
Than the death-darting eye of cockatrice.
Shak.

2. (Her.) A representation of this serpent. It has the head, wings,
and legs of a bird, and tail of a serpent.

3. (Script.) A venomous serpent which which cannot now be identified.

The weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice's [Rev. Ver.
basilisk's] den.
Is. xi. 8.

4. Any venomous or deadly thing.

This little cockatrice of a king.
Bacon.

COCKBILL
Cock"bill, v. t. Etym: [See Cock to set erect.] (Naut.)

Defn: To tilt up one end of so as to make almost vertical; as, to
cockbill the yards as a sign of mourning. To cockbill the anchor, to
suspend it from the cathead preparatory to letting it go. See
Acockbill.

COCKBOAT
Cock"boat`, n. Etym: [See Cock a boat.]

Defn: A small boat, esp. one used on rivers or near the shore.

COCK-BRAINED
Cock"-brained`, a.

Defn: Giddy; rash. Milton.

COCKCHAFER
Cock"chaf`er, n. Etym: [See Chafer the beetle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beetle of the genus Melolontha (esp. M. vulgaris) and allied
genera; -- called also May bug, chafer, or dorbeetle.

COCKCROW; COCKCROWING
Cock"crow, Cock"crow`ing, n.

Defn: The time at which cooks first crow; the early morning.

COCKER
Cock"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cockered; p. pr. & vb. n. Cockering.]
Etym: [OE. cokeren; cf. W. cocru to indulge, fondle, E. cock the
bird, F. coqueliner to dandle (Cotgrave), to imitate the crow of a
cock, to run after the girls, and E. cockle, v.]

Defn: Th treat with too great tenderness; to fondle; to indulge; to
pamper.
Cocker thy child and he shall make thee afraid. Ecclesiasticus xxx.
9.
Poor folks cannot afford to cocker themselves up. J. Ingelow.

COCKER
Cock"er, n. Etym: [From Cock the bird.]

1. One given to cockfighting. [Obs.] Steele.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small dog of the spaniel kind, used for starting up
woodcocks, etc.

COCKER
Cock"er, n. Etym: [OE. coker qyiver, boot, AS. cocer quiver; akin to
G. köcher quiver, and perh. originally meaning receptacle, holder.
Cf. Quiver (for arrows).]

Defn: A rustic high shoe or half-boots. [Obs.] Drayton.

COCKEREL
Cock"er*el, n. Etym: [Prob. a double dim. of cock.]

Defn: A young cock.

COCKER SPANIEL
Cock"er span"iel.

Defn: One of a breed of small or medium-sized spaniels kept for
hunting or retrieving game or for household pets. They usually weigh
from eighteen to twenty-eight pounds. They have the head of fair
length, with square muzzle, the ears long and set low, the legs short
or of medium length, and the coat fine and silky, wavy but not curly.
Various colors are bred, as black, liver, red, black and white, black
and tan, etc.

COCKET
Cock"et, a. Etym: [F. coquet coquettish. See Coquette, n.]

Defn: Pert; saucy. [Obs.] Halliwell.

COCKET
Cock"et, n.

1. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A customhouse seal; a certified document given to a shopper as
a warrant that his goods have been duly enstered and have paid duty.

2. An office in a customhouse where goods intended for export are
entered. [Eng.]

3. A measure for bread. [Obs.] Blount.

COCKEYE
Cock"eye`, n. Etym: [From cock to turn up.]

Defn: A squinting eye. Forby.

COCKEYE
Cock"eye`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: The socket in the ball of a millstone, which sits on the
cockhead.

COCKFIGHT
Cock"fight`, n.

Defn: A match or contest of gamecocks.

COCKFIGHTING
Cock"fight`ing, n.

Defn: The act or practice of pitting gamecocks to fight.

COCKFIGHTING
Cock"fight`ing, a.

Defn: Addicted to cockfighting.

COCKHEAD
Cock"head`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: The rounded or pointed top of a grinding mill spindle, forming
a pivot on which the stone is balanced.

COCKHORSE
Cock"horse`, n.

1. A child's rocking-horse.
Ride a cockhorse to Banbury cross. Mother Goose.

2. A high or tall horse. [R.]

COCKHORSE
Cock"horse`, a.

1. Lifted up, as one is on a tall horse.

2. Lofty in feeling; exultant; pround; upstart.
Our painted fools and cockhorse peasantry. Marlowe.

COCKIELEEKIE
Cock`ie*leek"ie, n.

Defn: Same as Cockaleekie.

COCKING
Cock"ing, n.

Defn: Cockfighting. Ben Jonson.

COCKLE
Coc"kle, n. Etym: [OE. cockes cockles, AS. s sea cockles, prob, from
Celtic; cf. W. cocs cockles, Gael. cochull husk. Perh. influenced by
EF. coquille shell, a dim. from the root of E. conch. Cf. Coach.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bivalve mollusk, with radiating ribs, of the genus Cardium,
especially C. edule, used in Europe for food; -- sometimes applied to
similar shells of other genera.

2. A cockleshell.

3. The mineral black tourmaline or schorl; -- so called by the
Cornish miners. Raymond.

4. The fire chamber of a furnace. [Eng.] Knight.

5. A hop-drying kiln; an oast. Knight.

6. The dome of a heating furnace. Knight. Cockle hat, a hat
ornamented with a cockleshell, the badge of a pilgrim. Shak.
 -- Cockle stairs, winding or spiral stairs.

COCKLE
Coc"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cockled; p. pr. & vb. n. Cockling.]
Etym: [Of uncertian origin.]

Defn: To cause to contract into wrinkles or ridges, as some kinds of
cloth after a wetting. Cockling sea, waves dashing against each other
with a short and quick motion. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

COCKLE
Coc"kle, n. Etym: [AS. coccel, cocel; cf. Gael. cogall tares, husks,
cockle.] (Bot.)
(a) A plant or weed that grows among grain; the corn rose (Luchnis
Githage).
(b) The Lotium, or darnel.

COCKLEBUR
Coc"kle*bur`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A coarse, composite weed, having a rough or prickly fruit; one
of several species of the genus Xanthium; -- called also clotbur.

COCKLED
Coc"kled, a.

Defn: Inclosed in a shell.
The tender horns of cockled snails. Shak.

COCKLED
Coc"kled, a.

Defn: Wrinkled; puckered.
Showers soon drench the camlet's cockled grain. Gay.

COCKLER
Coc"kler, n.

Defn: One who takes and sells cockles.

COCKLESHELL
Coc"kle*shell`, n.

1. One of the shells or valves of a cockle.

2. A light boat.
To board the cockleshell in those plunding waters. W. Black.

COCKLOFT
Cock"loft` n. Etym: [Prop., a loft where cocks roost.]

Defn: An upper loft; a garret; the highest room in a building.
Dryden. Swift.

COCKMASTER
Cock"mas`ter, n.

Defn: One who breeds gamecocks. L'Estrange.

COCKMATCH
Cock"match`, n.

Defn: A cockfight.

COCKNEY
Cock"ney, n.; pl. Cockneys. Etym: [OE. cocknay, cokenay, a spoiled
child, effeminate person, an egg; prob. orig. a cock's egg, a small
imperfect egg; OE. cok cock + nay, neye, for ey egg (cf. Newt), AS.
æg. See 1st Cock, Egg, n.]

1. An effeminate person; a spoilt child. "A young heir or cockney,
that is his mother's darling." Nash (1592).
This great lubber, the world, will prove a cockney. Shak.

2. A native or resident of the city of London; -- used contemptuosly.
A cockney in a rural village was stared at as much as if he had
entered a kraal of Hottentots. Macaulay.

COCKNEY
Cock"ney, a.

Defn: Of or relating to, or like, cockneys.

COCKNEYDOM
Cock"ney*dom, n.

Defn: The region or home of cockneys; cockneys, collectively.
Thackeray.

COCKNEYFY
Cock"ney*fy, v. t. Etym: [Cockney + -fy.]

Defn: To form with the manners or character of a cockney. [Colloq.]

COCKNEYISH
Cock"ney*ish, a.

Defn: Characteristic of, or resembling, cockneys.

COCKNEYISM
Cock"ney*ism, n.

Defn: The charasteristics, manners, or dialect, of a cockney.

COCK-PADDLE
Cock"-pad`dle, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Lumpfish. [Scot.]

COCK-PADLE
Cock"-pad`le, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Lumpfish. [Scot.]

COCKPIT
Cock"pit`, n.

1. A pit, or inclosed area, for cockfights.
Henry the Eight had built . . . a cockpit. Macaulay.

2. The Privy Council room at Westminster; -- so called because built
on the site of the cockpit of Whitehall palace. Brande & C.

3. (Naut.)
(a) That part of a war vessel appropriated to the wounded during an
engagement.
(b) In yachts and other small vessels, a space lower than the rest of
the deck, which affords easy access to the cabin.

COCKROACH
Cock"roach, n. Etym: [Sp. cucaracha.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An orthopterus insect of the genus Blatta, and allied genera.

Note: The species are numerous, especially in hot countries. Those
most commonly infesting houses in Europe and North America are Blatta
orientalis, a large species often called black beetle, and the Croton
bug (Ectobia Germanica).

COCKSCOMB
Cocks"comb, n. Etym: [1st cock, n. + comb crest.]

1. See Coxcomb.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Celosia cristata), of many varieties, cultivated for
its broad, fantastic spikes of brilliant flowers; -- sometimes called
garden cockscomb. Also the Pedicularis, or lousewort, the Rhinanthus
Crista-galli, and the Onobrychis Crista-galli.

COCKSHEAD
Cocks"head`, n.

Defn: (Bot.) A leguminous herb (Onobrychis Caput-galli), having small
spiny-crested pods.

COCKSHUT
Cock"shut`, n.

Defn: A kind of net to catch woodcock. [Obs.] Nares. Cockshut time or
light, evening twilight; nightfall; -- so called in allusion to the
tome at which the cockshut used to be spread. [Obs.] Shak. B. Jonson.

COCKSHY
Cock"shy`, n.

1. A game in which trinkets are set upon sticks, to be thrown at by
the players; -- so called from an ancient popular sport which
consisted in "shying" or throwing cudgels at live cocks.

2. An object at which stones are flung.
"Making a cockshy of him," replied the hideous small boy. Dickens.

COCKSPUR
Cock"spur, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A variety of Cratægus, or hawthorn (C. Crus-galli), having
long, straight thorns; -- called also Cockspur thorn.

COCKSURE
Cock"sure`, a.

1. Perfectly safe. [Obs.]
We steal as in a castle, cocksure: . . . we walk invisible. Shak.

2. Quite certain. [Colloq.]
I throught myself cocksure of the horse which he readily promised me.
Pope.

COCKSWAIN
Cock"swain (, colloq. ), n. Etym: [Cock a boat + swain; hence, the
master of a boat.]

Defn: The steersman of a boat; a petty officer who has charge of a
boat and its crew.

COCKTAIL
Cock"tail`, n.

1. A beverage made of brandy, whisky, or gin, iced, flavored, and
sweetened. [U. S.]

2. (Stock Breeding)

Defn: A horse, not of pure breed, but having only one eighth or one
sixteenth impure blood in his veins. Darwin.

3. A mean, half-hearted fellow; a coward. [Slang, Eng.]
It was in the second affair that poor little Barney showed he was a
cocktail. Thackeray.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of rove beetle; -- so called from its habit of
elevating the tail.

COCKUP
Cock"up, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, highly esteemed, edible fish of India (Lates
calcarifer); -- also called begti.

COCKWEED
Cock"weed, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Peppergrass. Johnson.

COCKY
Cock"y, a. Etym: [See Cocket.]

Defn: Pert. [Slang]

COCKYOLLY BIRD; COCKYOLY BIRD
Cock`y*ol"ly bird or Cock`y*ol"y bird. [Cf. Cock, fowl; Yellow.]

Defn: A pet name for any small bird.

COCO; COCO PALM
Co"co, n. or Co"co palm.

Defn: See Cocoa.

COCOA; COCOA PALM
Co"coa, n., Co"coa palm` Etym: [Sp. & Pg. coco cocoanut, in Sp. also,
cocoa palm. The Portuguese name is said to have been given from the
monkeylike face at the base of the nut, fr. Pg. coco a bugbear, an
ugly mask to frighten children. Cf., however, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A palm tree producing the cocoanut (Cocos nucifera). It grows
in nearly all tropical countries, attaining a height of sixty or
eighty feet. The trunk is without branches, and has a tuft of leaves
at the top, each being fifteen or twenty feet in length, and at the
base of these the nuts hang in clusters; the cocoanut tree.

COCOA
Co"coa, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. cacao.]

Defn: A preparation made from the seeds of the chocolate tree, and
used in making, a beverage; also the beverage made from cocoa or
cocoa shells. Cocoa shells, the husks which separate from the cacao
seeds in preparing them for use.

COCOANUT
Co"coa*nut`, n.

Defn: The large, hard-shelled nut of the cocoa palm. It yields an
agreeable milky liquid and a white meat or albumen much used as food
and in making oil.

COCOBOLO; COCOBOLAS
Co`co*bo"lo, Co`co*bo"las, n. Etym: [Sp. cocobolo.] (Bot.)

Defn: A very beautiful and hard wood, obtained in the West India
Islands. It is used in cabinetmaking, for the handles of tools, and
for various fancy articles.

COCOON
Co*coon", n. Etym: [F. cocon, dim. of coque shell of egge and
insects, fr. L. concha mussel shell. See Conch.]

1. An oblong case in which the silkworn lies in its chrysalis state.
It is formed of threads of silk spun by the worm just before leaving
the larval state. From these the silk of commerce is prepared.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The case constructed by any insect to contain its larva or pupa.
(b) The case of silk made by spiders to protect their eggs.
(c) The egg cases of mucus, etc., made by leeches and other worms.

COCOONERY
Co*coon"er*y, n.

Defn: A building or apartment for silkworms, when feeding and forming
cocoons.

COCTIBLE
Coc"ti*ble, a. Etym: [See Coctile.]

Defn: Capable of being cooked. Blount.

COCTILE
Coc"tile, a. Etym: [L. coctilis, fr. coguere. See Cook.]

Defn: Made by baking, or exposing to heat, as a brick.

COCTION
Coc"tion, n. Etym: [L. coctio.]

1. Act of boiling.

2. (Med.)
(a) Digestion. [Obs.]
(b) The change which the humorists believed morbific matter undergoes
before elimination. [Obs.] Dunglison.

COCUS WOOD
Co"cus wood`.

Defn: A West Indian wood, used for making flutes and other musical
instruments.

COD
Cod, n. Etym: [AS. codd small bag; akin to Icel. koddi pillow, Sw.
kudde cushion; cf. W. cod, ciod, bag, shell.]

1. A husk; a pod; as, a peascod. [Eng.] Mortimer.

2. A small bag or pouch. [Obs.] Halliwell.

3. The scortum. Dunglison.

4. A pillow or cushion. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

COD
Cod, n. Etym: [Cf. G. gadde, and (in Heligoland) gadden, L. gadus
merlangus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An important edible fish (Gadus morrhua), Taken in immense
numbers on the northern coasts of Europe and America. It is
especially abundant and large on the Grand Bank of Newfoundland. It
is salted and dried in large quantities.

Note: There are several varieties; as shore cod, from shallow water;
bank cod, from the distant banks; and rock cod, which is found among
ledges, and is often dark brown or mottled with red. The tomcod is a
distinct species of small size. The bastard, blue, buffalo, or cultus
cod of the Pacific coast belongs to a distinct family. See Buffalo
cod, under Buffalo. Cod fishery, the business of fishing for cod.
 -- Cod line, an eighteen-thread line used in catching codfish.
McElrath.

CODA
Co"da, n. Etym: [It., tail, fr. L. cauda.] (Mus.)

Defn: A few measures added beyond the natural termination of a
composition.

CODDER
Cod"der, n.

Defn: A gatherer of cods or peas. [Obs. or Prov.] Johnson.

CODDING
Cod"ding, a.

Defn: Lustful. [Obs.] Shak.

CODDLE
Cod"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Coddling.]
Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. caddle to coax, spoil, fondle, and Cade, a. & v.
t.] [Written also codle.]

1. To parboil, or soften by boiling.
It [the guava fruit] may be coddled. Dampier.

2. To treat with excessive tenderness; to pamper.
How many of our English princes have been coddled at home by their
fond papas and mammas! Thackeray.
He [Lord Byron] never coddled his reputation. Southey.

CODDYMODDY
Cod"dy*mod"dy, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gull in the plumage of its first year.

CODE
Code, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. codex, caudex, the stock or

1. A body of law, sanctioned by legislation, in which the rules of
law to be specifically applied by the courts are set forth in
systematic form; a compilation of laws by public authority; a digest.

Note: The collection of laws made by the order of Justinian is
sometimes called, by way of eminence. "The Code" Wharton.

2. Any system of rules or regulations relating to one subject; as,
the medical code, a system of rules for the regulation of the
professional conduct of physicians; the naval code, a system of rules
for making communications at sea means of signals. Code civil or Code
Napoleon, a code enacted in France in 1803 and 1804, embodying the
law of rights of persons and of property generally. Abbot.

CODEFENDANT
Co`de*fend"ant, n.

Defn: A joint defendant. Blackstone.

CODEINE
Co*de"ine, n. Etym: [Gr. cod.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the opium alkaloids; a white crystalline substance,
C18H21NO3, similar to and regarded as a derivative of morphine, but
much feebler in its action; -- called also codeia.

CODETTA
Co*det"ta, n. Etym: [It., dim. of coda tail.] (Mus.)

Defn: A short passage connecting two sections, but not forming part
of either; a short coda.

CODEX
Co"dex, n.; pl. Codices. Etym: [L. See Code.]

1. A book; a manuscript.

2. A collection or digest of laws; a code. Burrill.

3. An ancient manuscript of the Sacred Scriptures, or any part of
them, particularly the New Testament.

4. A collection of canons. Shipley.

CODFISH
Cod"fish, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of fish. Same as Cod.

CODGER
Codg"er, n. Etym: [Cf. Cadger.]

1. A miser or mean person.

2. A singular or odd person; -- a familiar, humorous, or depreciatory
appellation. [Colloq.]
A few of us old codgers met at the fireside. Emerson.

CODICAL
Cod"i*cal, a.

Defn: Ralating to a codex, or a code.

CODICIL
Cod"i*cil, n. Etym: [L. codicillus, dim. of codex: cf. F. codicille.
See Code.] (Law)

Defn: A clause added to a will.

CODICILLARY
Cod`i*cil"la*ry, a. Etym: [L. codicillaris, codicillarius.]

Defn: Of the nature of a codicil.

CODIFICATION
Co`di*fi*ca"tion ( or ), n. Etym: [Cf. F. codification.]

Defn: The act or process of codifying or reducing laws to a code.

CODIFIER
Co"di*fi`er ( or ), n.

Defn: One who codifies.

CODIFY
Co"di*fy ( or ; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Codified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Codifying.] Etym: [Code + -fy: cf. F. codifier.]

Defn: To reduce to a code, as laws.

CODILLA
Co*dil"la, n. Etym: [Cf. L. codicula a little tail, dim. of cauda
tail.] (Com.)

Defn: The coarse tow of flax and hemp. McElrath.

CODILLE
Co*dille", n. Etym: [F. codile.]

Defn: A term at omber, signifying that the game is won. Pope.

CODIST
Co"dist, n.

Defn: A codifier; a maker of codes. [R.]

CODLE
Co"dle, v. t.

Defn: See Coddle.

CODLIN; CODLING
Cod"lin, Cod"ling, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. codæppel a quince.]
(a) An apple fit to stew or coddle.
(b) An immature apple.
A codling when 't is almost an apple. Shak.
Codling moth (Zoöl.), a small moth (Carpocapsa Pomonella), which in
the larval state (known as the apple worm) lives in apples, often
doing great damage to the crop.

CODLING
Cod"ling, n. Etym: [Dim. of cod the fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young cod; also, a hake.

COD LIVER
Cod" liv`er, n.

Defn: The liver of the common cod and allied species. Cod-liver oil,
an oil obtained fron the liver of the codfish, and used extensively
in medicine as a means of supplying the body with fat in cases of
malnutrition.

CODPIECE
Cod"piece`, n. Etym: [Cod, n., piece.]

Defn: A part of male dress in front of the breeches, formerly made
very conspicuous. Shak. Fosbroke.

COECILIAN
Coe*cil"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Cæcilian.

COEDUCATION
Co*ed`u*ca"tion, n.

Defn: An educating together, as of persons of different sexes or
races. Co*ed`u*ca"tion*al (, a.

COEFFICACY
Co*ef"fi*ca*cy, n.

Defn: Joint efficacy.

COEFFICIENCY
Co`ef*fi"cien*cy, n.

Defn: Joint efficiency; coöperation. Glanvill.

COEFFICIENT
Co`ef*fi"cient, a.

Defn: Coöperating; acting together to produce an effect.
Co`ef*fi"cient*ly, adv.

COEFFICIENT
Co`ef*fi"cient, n.

1. That which unites in action with something else to produce the
same effect.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. coefficient.] (Math.)

Defn: A number or letter put before a letter or quantity, known or
unknown, to show how many times the latter is to be taken; as, 6x;
bx; here 6 and b are coefficients of x.

3. (Physics)

Defn: A number, commonly used in computation as a factor, expressing
the amount of some change or effect under certain fixed conditions as
to temperature, length, volume, etc.; as, the coefficient of
expansion; the coefficient of friction. Arbitrary coefficient
(Math.), a literal coefficient placed arbitrarily in an algebraic,
expression, the value of the coefficient being afterwards determined
by the conditions of the problem.

COEHORN
Coe"horn, n. Etym: [From its inventor, Baron Coehorn.] (Mil.)

Defn: A small bronze mortar mounted on a wooden block with handles,
and light enough to be carried short distances by two men.

COELACANTH
Coel"a*canth ( or , a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having hollow spines, as some ganoid fishes.

COELECTRON
Co`e*lec"tron, n.

Defn: See Electron.

COELENTERA; COELENTERATA
Coe*len"te*ra or Coe*len`te*ra"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A comprehensive group of Invertebrata, mostly marine,
comprising the Anthozoa, Hydrozoa, and Ctenophora. The name implies
that the stomach and body cavities are one. The group is sometimes
enlarged so as to include the sponges.

COELENTERATE
Coe*len"ter*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Coelentra.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Coelentera.

COELIA
Coe"li*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A cavity.

Note: The word is applied to the ventricles of the brain, the
different venticles being indicated by prefixes like those
characterizing the parts of the brain in which the cavities are
found; as, epicoelia, mesocoelia, metacoelia, procoelia, etc. B. G.
Wilder.

COELIAC; CELIAC
Coe"li*ac, Ce"li*ac, a. Etym: [L. coeliacus, Gr.

Defn: Relating to the abdomen, or to the cavity of the abdomen.
Coeliac artery (Anat.), the artery which issues from the aorta just
below the diaphragm; -- called also coeliac axis.
 -- Coeliac flux, Coeliac passion (Med.), a chronic flux or diarrhea
of undigested food.

COELODONT
Coe"lo*dont, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having hollow teeth; -- said of a group lizards.
 -- n.

Defn: One of a group of lizards having hollow teeth.

COELOSPERMOUS
Coel`o*sper"mous ( or , a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Hollow-seeded; having the ventral face of the seedlike carpels
incurved at the ends, as in coriander seed.

COELUM
Coe"lum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: See Body cavity, under Body.

COEMPTION
Co*emp"tion, n. Etym: [L. coëmptio, fr. coëmere to buy up. See
Emption.]

Defn: The act of buying the whole quantity of any commodity. [R.]
Bacon.

COENDOO
Co*en"doo, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Brazilian porcupine (Cercolades, or Sphingurus,
prehensiles), remarkable for its prehensile tail.

COENENCHYM; COENENCHYMA
Coe*nen"chym, Coe*nen"chy*ma n. Etym: [NL. coenenchyma, fr. Gr.
parenchyma.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common tissue which unites the polyps or zooids of a
compound anthozoan or coral. It may be soft or more or less ossified.
See Coral.

COENESTHESIS
Coen`es*the"sis ( or ), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Common sensation or general sensibility, as distinguished from
the special sensations which are located in, or ascribed to, separate
organs, as the eye and ear. It is supposed to depend on the
ganglionic system.

COENOBITE
Coen"o*bite ( or ), n.

Defn: See Cenobite.

COENOECIUM
Coe*noe"ci*um ( or ), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common tissue which unites the various zooids of a
bryozoan.

COENOGAMY
Coe*nog"a*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The state of a community which permits promiscuous sexual
intercourse among its members; -- as in certain primitive tribes or
communistic societies. [Written also cenogamy.]

COENOSARC
Coen"o*sarc ( or ), n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common soft tissue which unites the polyps of a compound
hydroid. See Hydroidea.

COENURUS
Coe*nu"rus, n. Etym: [NL. fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larval stage of a tapeworm (Tænia coenurus) which forms
bladderlike sacs in the brain of sheep, causing the fatal disease
known as water brain, vertigo, staggers or gid.

Note: This bladder worm has on its surface numerous small heads, each
of which, when swallowed by a dog, becomes a mature tapeworm in the
dog's intestine.

COEQUAL
Co*e"qual, a. Etym: [L. coaequalis; co- + aequalis equal.]

Defn: Being on an equality in rank or power.
 -- n.

Defn: One who is on an equality with another.
In once he come to be a cardinal, He'll make his cap coequal with the
crown. Shak.

COEQUALITY
Co`e*qual"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being on an equality, as in rank or power.

COEQUALLY
Co*e"qual*ly, adv.

Defn: With coequality.

COERCE
Co*erce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coerced; p. pr. & vb. n. Coercing.]
Etym: [L. coërcere; co- + arcere to shut up, to press together. See
Ark.]

1. To restrain by force, especially by law or authority; to repress;
to curb. Burke.
Punishments are manifold, that they may coerce this profligate sort.
Ayliffe.

2. To compel or constrain to any action; as, to coerce a man to vote
for a certain candidate.

3. To compel or enforce; as, to coerce obedience.

Syn.
 -- To Coerce, Compel. To compel denotes to urge on by force which
cannot be resisted. The term aplies equally to physical and moral
force; as, compelled by hunger; compelled adverse circumstances;
compelled by parental affection. Coerce had at first only the
negative sense of checking or restraining by force; as, to coerce a
bad man by punishments or a prisoner with fetters. It has now gained
a positive sense., viz., that of driving a person into the
performance of some act which is required of him by another; as, to
coerce a man to sign a contract; to coerce obedience. In this sense
(which is now the prevailing one), coerce differs but little from
compel, and yet there is a distinction between them. Coercion is
usually acomplished by indirect means, as threats and intimidation,
physical force being more rarely employed in coercing.

COERCIBLE
Co"er"ci*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being coerced.
 -- Co*er"ci*ble*ness, n.

COERCION
Co*er"cion, n. Etym: [L. coercio, fr. coercere. See Coerce.]

1. The act or process of coercing.

2. (Law)

Defn: The application to another of either physical or moral force.
When the force is physical, and cannot be resisted, then the act
produced by it is a nullity, so far as concerns the party coerced.
When the force is moral, then the act, though voidable, is imputable
to the party doing it, unless he be so paralyzed by terror as to act
convulsively. At the same time coercion is not negatived by the fact
of submission under force. "Coactus volui" (I consented under
compulsion) is the condition of mind which, when there is volition
forced by coercion, annuls the result of such coercion. Wharton.

COERCITIVE
Co*er"ci*tive, a.

Defn: Coercive. "Coercitive power in laws." Jer. Taylor.

COERCIVE
Co*er"cive, a.

Defn: Serving or intended to coerce; having power to constrain.
 -- Co*er"cive*ly, adv.
 -- Co*er"cive*ness, n.
Coercive power can only influence us to outward practice. Bp.
Warburton.
Coercive or Coercitive force (Magnetism), the power or force which in
iron or steel produces a slowness or difficulty in imparting
magnetism to it, and also interposes an obstacle to the return of a
bar to its natural state when active magnetism has ceased. It plainly
depends on the molecular constitution of the metal. Nichol.
The power of resisting magnetization or demagnization is sometimes
called coercive force. S. Thompson.

COERULIGNONE
Coe`ru*lig"none, n. Etym: [L. coeruleus cerulean + lignum wood + E.
quinone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bluish violet, crystalline substance obtained in the
purification of crude wood vinegar. It is regarded as a complex
quinone derivative of diphenyl; -- called also cedriret.

COESSENTIAL
Co`es*sen"tial, a.

Defn: Partaking of the same essence.
 -- Co`es*sen"tial*ly, adv.
We bless and magnify that coessential Spirit, eternally proceeding
from both [The Father and the Son]. Hooker.

COESSENTIALITY
Co`es*sen`ti*al"i*ty ( or ; 106), n.

Defn: Participation of the same essence. Johnson.

COESTABLISHMENT
Co`es*tab"lish*ment, n.

Defn: Joint establishment. Bp. Watson.

COESTATE
Co`es*tate", n.

Defn: Joint estate. Smolett.

COETANEAN
Co`e*ta"ne*an, n.

Defn: A personcoetaneous with another; a contemporary. [R.]
A . . . coetanean of the late earl of SouthamptoAubrey.

COETANEOUS
Co`e*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. coaetaneus; co- + aetas age.]

Defn: Of the same age; beginning to exist at the same time;
contemporaneous.
 -- Co`e*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv.
And all [members of the body] are coetaneous. Bentley.

COETERNAL
Co`e*ter"nal, a.

Defn: Equally eternal.
 -- Co`e*ter"nal*ly, adv.
Hail, holy Light, offspring of Heaven first born! Or of the Eternal
coeternal beam. Milton.

COETERNITY
Co`e*ter"ni*ty, n.

Defn: Existence from eternity equally with another eternal being;
equal eternity.

COEVAL
Co*e"val, a. Etym: [L. coaevus; co- + aevum lifetime, age. See Age,
n.]

Defn: Of the same age; existing during the same period of time,
especially time long and remote; -- usually followed by with.
Silence! coeval with eternity! Pope.
Oaks coeval spread a mournful shade. Cowper.

COEVAL
Co*e"val, n.

Defn: One of the same age; a contemporary.
As if it were not enough to have outdone all your coevals in wit.
Pope.

COEVOUS
Co*e"vous, a.

Defn: Coeaval [Obs.] South.

COEXECUTOR
Co`ex*ec"u*tor, n.

Defn: A joint executor.

COEXECUTRIX
Co`ex*ec"u*trix, n.

Defn: A joint executrix.

COEXIST
Co`ex*ist, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Coexisted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Coexisting.]

Defn: To exist at the same time; -- sometimes followed by with.
Of substances no one has any clear idea, farther than of certain
simple ideas coexisting together. Locke.
So much purity and integrity . . . coexisting with so much decay and
so many infirmities. Warburton.

COEXISTENCE
Co`ex*ist"ence, n.

Defn: Existence at the same time with another; -- contemporary
existence.
Without the help, or so much as the coexistence, of any condition.
Jer. Taylor.

COEXISTENT
Co`ex*ist"ent, a.

Defn: Existing at the same time with another.
 -- n.

Defn: That which coexists with another.
The law of coexistent vibrations. Whewell.

COEXISTING
Co`ex*ist"ing, a.

Defn: Coexistent. Locke.

COEXTEND
Co`ex*tend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coextended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Coextending.]

Defn: To extend through the same space or time with another; to
extend to the same degree.
According to which the least body may be coextended with the
greatest. Boyle.
Has your English language one single word that is coextended through
all these significations Bentley.

COEXTENSION
Co`ex*ten"sion, n.

Defn: The act of extending equally, or the state of being equally
extended.

COEXTENSIVE
Co`ex*ten"sive, a.

Defn: Equally extensive; having as, consciousness and knowledge are
coextensive. Sir W. Hamilton.
 -- Co`ex*ten"sive*ly, adv.
 -- Co`ex*ten"sive*ness, n.

COFFEE
Cof"fee, n. Etym: [Turk. qahveh, Ar. qahuah wine, coffee, a decoction
of berries. Cf. Café.]

1. The "beans" or "berries" (pyrenes) obtained from the drupes of a
small evergreen tree of the genus Coffea, growing in Abyssinia,
Arabia, Persia, and other warm regions of Asia and Africa, and also
in tropical America.

2. The coffee tree.

Note: There are several species of the coffee tree, as, Coffea
Arabica, C. occidentalis, and C. Liberica. The white, fragrant
flowers grow in clusters at the root of the leaves, and the fruit is
a red or purple cherrylike drupe, with sweet pulp, usually containing
two pyrenes, commercially called "beans" or "berries".

3. The beverage made from the roasted and ground berry.
They have in Turkey a drink called coffee . . . This drink comforteth
the brain and heart, and helpeth digestion. Bacon.

Note: The use of coffee is said to have been introduced into England
about 1650, when coffeehouses were opened in Oxford and London.
Coffee bug (Zoöl.), a species of scale insect (Lecanium coffæa),
often very injurious to the coffee tree.
 -- Coffee rat (Zoöl.) See Musang.

COFFEEHOUSE
Cof"fee*house`, n.

Defn: A house of entertainment, where guests are supplied with coffee
and other refreshments, and where men meet for conversation.
The coffeehouse must not be dismissed with a cursory mention. It
might indeed, at that time, have been not improperly called a most
important political institution . . . The coffeehouses were the chief
organs through which the public opinion of the metropolis vented
itself . . . Every man of the upper or middle class went daily to his
coffeehouse to learn the news and discuss it. Every coffeehouse had
one or more orators, to whose eloquence the crowd listened with
admiration, and who soon became what the journalists of our own time
have been called -- a fourth estate of the realm. Macaulay.

COFFEEMAN
Cof"fee*man, n.

Defn: One who keeps a coffeehouse. Addison.

COFFEEPOT
Cof"fee*pot, n.

Defn: A covered pot im which coffee is prepared,

COFFEEROOM
Cof"fee*room`, n.

Defn: A public room where coffee and other refreshments may be
obtained.

COFFER
Cof"fer, n. Etym: [OF. cofre, F. coffre, L. cophinus basket, fr. Gr.
Coffin, n.]

1. A casket, chest, or trunk; especially, one used for keeping money
or other valuables. Chaucer.
In ivory coffers I have stuffed my crowns. Shak.

2. Fig.: Treasure or funds; -- usually in the plural.
He would discharge it without any burden to the queen's coffers, for
honor sake. Bacon.
Hold, here is half my coffer. Shak.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A panel deeply recessed in the ceiling of a vault, dome, or
portico; a caisson.

4. (Fort.)

Defn: A trench dug in the botton of a dry moat, and extending across
it, to enable the besieged to defend it by a raking fire.

5. The chamber of a canal lock; also, a caisson or a cofferdam.
Coffer dam. (Engin.) See Cofferdam, in the Vocabulary.
 -- Coffer fish. (Zoöl.) See Cowfish.

COFFER
Cof"fer, v. t.

1. To put into a coffer. Bacon.

2. (Mining.)

Defn: To secure from leaking, as a chaft, by ramming clay behind the
masonry or timbering. Raymond.

3. To form with or in a coffer or coffers; to turnish with a coffer
or coffers.

COFFERDAM
Cof"fer*dam, n.

Defn: A water-tight inclosure, as of piles packed with clay, from
which the water is pumped to expose the bottom (of a river, etc.) and
permit the laying of foundations, building of piers, etc.

COFFERER
Cof"fer*er, n.

Defn: One who keeps treasures in a coffer. [R.]

COFFERWORK
Cof"fer*work`, n. (Masonry)

Defn: Rubblework faced with stone. Knight.

COFFIN
Cof"fin, n. Etym: [OE., a basket, receptacle, OF. cofin, fr. L.
cophinus. See Coffer, n.]

1. The case in which a dead human body is inclosed for burial.
They embalmed him [Joseph], and he was put in a coffin. Gen. 1. 26.

2. A basket. [Obs.] Wyclif (matt. xiv. 20).

3. A casing or crust, or a mold, of pastry, as for a pie.
Of the paste a coffin I will rear. Shak.

4. A conical paper bag, used by grocers. [Obs.] Nares.

5. (Far.)

Defn: The hollow crust or hoof of a horse's foot, below the coronet,
in which is the coffin bone. Coffin bone, the foot bone of the horse
and allied animals, inclosed within the hoof, and corresponding to
the third phalanx of the middle finger, or toe, of most mammals.
 -- Coffin joint, the joint next above the coffin bone.

COFFIN
Cof"fin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coffined; p. pr. & vb. n. Coffining.]

Defn: To inclose in, or as in, a coffin.
Would'st thou have laughed, had I come coffined home Shak.
Devotion is not coffined in a cell. John Hall (1646).

COFFINLESS
Cof"fin*less, a.

Defn: Having no coffin.

COFFLE
Cof"fle, n. Etym: [Ar. kafala caravan.]

Defn: A gang of negro slaves being driven to market.

COG
Cog, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cogged; p. pr. & vb. n. Cogging.] Etym: [Cf.
W. coegio to make void, to beceive, from coeg empty, vain, foolish.
Cf. Coax, v. t.]

1. To seduce, or draw away, by adulation, artifice, or falsehood; to
wheedle; to cozen; to cheat. [R.]
I'll . . . cog their hearts from them. Shak.

2. To obtrude or thrust in, by falsehood or deception; as, to cog in
a word; to palm off. [R.]
Fustian tragedies . . . have, by concerted applauses, been cogged
upon the town for masterpieces. J. Dennis
To cog a die, to load so as to direct its fall; to cheat in playing
dice. Swift.

COG
Cog, v. i.

Defn: To deceive; to cheat; to play false; to lie; to wheedle; to
cajole.
For guineas in other men's breeches, Your gamesters will palm and
will cog. Swift.

COG
Cog, n.

Defn: A trick or deception; a falsehood. Wm. Watson.

COG
Cog, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. kugge a cog, or W. cocos the cogs of a wheel.]

1. (Mech.)

Defn: A tooth, cam, or catch for imparting or receiving motion, as on
a gear wheel, or a lifter or wiper on a shaft; originally, a separate
piece of wood set in a mortise in the face of a wheel.

2. (Carp.)
(a) A kind of tenon on the end of a joist, received into a notch in a
bearing timber, and resting flush with its upper surface.
(b) A tenon in a scarf joint; a coak. Knight.

3. (Mining.)

Defn: One of the rough pillars of stone or coal left to support the
roof of a mine.

COG
Cog, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with a cog or cogs. Cogged breath sound
(Auscultation), a form of interrupted respiration, in which the
interruptions are very even, three or four to each inspiration.
Quain.

COG
Cog, n. Etym: [OE. cogge; cf. D. kog, Icel. kuggr Cf. Cock a boat.]

Defn: A small fishing boat. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

COGENCY
Co"gen*cy, n. Etym: [See Cogent.]

Defn: The quality of being cogent; power of compelling conviction;
conclusiveness; force.
An antecedent argument of extreme cogency. J. H. Newman.

COGENIAL
Co*ge"ni*al, a.

Defn: Congenial. [Obs.]

COGENT
Co"gent, a. Etym: [L. cogens, p. pr. of cogere to drive together, to
force; co- + agere to drive. See Agent, a., and cf. Coact to force,
Coagulate, p. a.]

1. Compelling, in a physical sense; powerful. [Obs.]
The cogent force of nature. Prior.

2. Having the power to compel conviction or move the will;
constraining; conclusive; forcible; powerful; not easily reasisted.
No better nor more cogent reason. Dr. H. More.
Proofs of the most cogent description. Tyndall.
The tongue whose strains were cogent as commands, Revered at home,
and felt in foreign lands. Cowper.

Syn.
 -- Forcible; powerful; potent; urgent; strong; persuasive;
convincing; conclusive; influential.

COGENTLY
Co"gent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a cogent manner; forcibly; convincigly; conclusively. Locke.

COGGER
Cog"ger, n. Etym: [From Cog to wheedle.]

Defn: A flatterer or deceiver; a sharper.

COGGERY
Cog"ger*y, n.

Defn: Trick; deception. Bp. Watson.

COGGLE
Cog"gle, n. Etym: [See Cog small boat.]

Defn: A small fishing boat. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

COGGLE
Cog"gle, n. Etym: [Cf. Cobble a cobblestone.]

Defn: A cobblestone. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

COGITABILITY
Cog`i*ta*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being cogitable; conceivableness.

COGITABLE
Cog"i*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. cogitabilis, fr. cogitare to think.]

Defn: Capable of being brought before the mind as a throught or idea;
conceivable; thinkable.
Creation is cogitable by us only as a putting forth of divine power.
Sir W. Hamilton.

COGITABUND
Cog"i*ta*bund`, a. Etym: [L. cogitabundus.]

Defn: Full of thought; thoughtful. [R.] Leigh Hunt.

COGITATE
Cog"i*tate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cogitated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cogitating.] Etym: [L. cogitatus, p. p. of cogitare to reflect upon,
prob. fr. co- + the root of aio I say; hence, prop., to discuss with
one's self. Cf. Adage.]

Defn: To engage in continuous thought; to think.
He that calleth a thing into his mind, whether by impression or
recordation, cogitateth and considereth, and he that employeth the
faculty of his fancy also cogitateth. Bacon.

COGITATE
Cog"i*tate, v. t.

Defn: To think over; to plan.
He . . . is our witness, how we both day and night, revolving in our
minds, did cogitate nothing more than how to satisfy the parts of a
good pastor. Foxe.

COGITATION
Cog`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. cogitatio: cf. F. cogitation.]

Defn: The act of thinking; thought; meditation; contemplation. "Fixed
in cogitation deep." Milton.

COGITATIVE
Cog"i*ta*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. cogitativus.]

1. Possessing, or pertaining to, the power of thinking or meditating.
"Cogitative faculties." Wollaston.

2. Given to thought or contemplation. Sir H. Wotton.

COGMAN
Cog"man, n.

Defn: A dealer in cogware or coarse cloth. [Obs.] Wright.

COGNAC
Co"gnac`, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A kind of French brandy, so called from the town of Cognac.

COGNATE
Cog"nate, a. Etym: [L. cognatus; co- + gnatus, natus, p. p. of nasci,
anciently gnasci, to be born. See Nation, and cf. Connate.]

1. Allied by blood; kindred by birth; specifically (Law), related on
the mother's side.

2. Of the same or a similar nature; of the same family; proceeding
from the same stock or root; allied; kindred; as, a cognate language.

COGNATE
Cog"nate, n.

1. (Law)

Defn: One who is related to another on the female side. Wharton.

2. One of a number of things allied in origin or nature; as, certain
letters are cognates.

COGNATENESS
Cog"nate*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being cognate.

COGNATI
Cog*na"ti, n. pl. Etym: [L.] (Law)

Defn: Relatives by the mother's side. Wharton.

COGNATION
Cog*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. cognatio.]

1. Relationship by blood; descent from the same original; kindred.
As by our cognation to the body of the first Adam. Jer. Taylor.

2. Participation of the same nature. Sir T. Browne.
A like temper and cognation. Sir K. Digby.

3. (Law)

Defn: That tie of consanguinity which exists between persons
descended from the same mother; -- used in distinction from agnation.

COGNATUS
Cog*na"tus, n. Etym: [L., a kinsman.] (Law)

Defn: A person cinnected through cognation.

COGNISOR; COGNISEE
Cog`ni*sor" ( or ), Cog`ni*see, n.

Defn: See Cognizor, Cognizee.

COGNITION
Cog*ni"tion, n. Etym: [L. cognitio, fr. cognoscere, cognitum, to
become acquainted with, to know; co- + noscere, gnoscere, to get a
knowledge of. See Know, v. t.]

1. The act of knowing; knowledge; perception.
I will not be myself nor have cognation Of what I feel: I am all
patience. Shak.

2. That which is known.

COGNITIVE
Cog"ni*tive, a.

Defn: Knowing, or apprehending by the understanding; as, cognitive
power. South.

COGNIZABLE
Cog"ni*za*ble ( or , a. Etym: [F. connaissable, fr. connaître to
know, L. cognoscere. See Cognition.]

1. Capable of being known or apprehended; as, cognizable causes.

2. Fitted to be a subject of judicial investigation; capable of being
judicially heard and determined.
Cognizable both in the ecclesiastical and secular courts. Ayliffe.

COGNIZABLY
Cog"ni*za*bly, adv.

Defn: In a cognizable manner.

COGNIZANCE
Cog"ni*zance ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [OF. conissance, conoissance, F.
conaissance, LL. cognoscentia, fr. L. cognoscere to know. See
Cognition, and cf. Cognoscence, Connoisseur.]

1. Apprehension by the understanding; perception; observation.
Within the cognizance and lying under the control of their divine
Governor. Bp. Hurd

2. Recollection; recognition.
Who, soon as on that knight his eye did glance, Eftsoones of him had
perfect cognizance. Spenser.

3. (Law)
(a) Jurisdiction, or the power given by law to hear and decide
controversies.
(b) The hearing a matter judicially.
(c) An acknowledgment of a fine of lands and tenements or confession
of a thing done. [Eng.]
(d) A form of defense in the action of replevin, by which the
defendant insists that the goods were lawfully taken, as a distress,
by defendant, acting as servant for another. [Eng.] Cowell. Mozley &
W.

4. The distinguishing mark worn by an armed knight, usually upon the
helmet, and by his retainers and followers: Hence, in general, a
badge worn by a retainer or dependent, to indicate the person or
party to which he belonged; a token by which a thing may be known.
Wearing the liveries and cognizance of their master. Prescott.
This pale and angry rose, As cognizance of my blood-drinking hate.
Shak.

COGNIZANT
Cog"ni*zant ( or ), a. Etym: [See Cognizance, and cf. Connusant.]

Defn: Having cognizance or knowledge. (of).

COGNIZE
Cog"nize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Cognizant, Recognize.]

Defn: To know or perceive; to recognize.
The reasoning faculty can deal with no facts until they are cognized
by it. H. Spencer.

COGNIZEE
Cog`ni*zee" ( or ), n. (Law)

Defn: One to whom a fine of land was ackowledged. Blackstone.

COGNIZOR
Cog`ni*zor, n. Etym: [See Cognizance.] (Law)

Defn: One who ackowledged the right of the plaintiff or cognizee in a
fine; the defendant. Blackstone.

COGNOMEN
Cog*no"men, n. Etym: [L.: co- + (g)nomen name.]

1. The last of the three names of a person among the ancient Romans,
denoting his house or family.

2. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A surname.

COGNOMINAL
Cog*nom"i*nal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a cognomen; of the nature of a surname.

COGNOMINAL
Cog*nom"i*nal, n.

Defn: One bearing the same name; a namesake. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

COGNOMINATION
Cog*nom`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. cognominatio.]

Defn: A cognomen or surname. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

COGNOSCENCE
Cog*nos"cence, n. Etym: [LL. cognoscentia. See Cognizance.]

Defn: Cognizance. [R.] Dr. H. More.

COGNOSCENTE
Cog`nos*cen"te, n.; pl. Cognoscenti. Etym: [OIt. cognoscente, p. pr.
of cognoscere, It. conoscere to know.]

Defn: A conoisseur. Mason.

COGNOSCIBILITY
Cog*nos`ci*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being cognoscible. Cudworth.

COGNOSCIBLE
Cog*nos"ci*ble, a.

1. Capable of being known. "Matters intelligible and cognoscible."
Sir M. Hale.

2. Liable to judicial investigation. Jer. Taylor.

COGNOSCITIVE
Cog*nos"ci*tive, a.

Defn: Having the power of knowing. [Obs.] "An innate cognoscitive
power." Cudworth.

COGNOVIT
Cog*no"vit, n. Etym: [L., he has acknowledged.] (Law)

Defn: An instrument in writting whereby a defendant in an action
acknowledges a plaintiff's demand to be just. Mozley & W.

COGON
Co*gon", n. [Sp., prob. fr. a native name.]

Defn: A tall, coarse grass (Imperata arundinacea) of the Philippine
Islands and adjacent countries, used for thatching.

COGUARDIAN
Co*guard"i*an, n.

Defn: A joint guardian.

COGUE
Cogue, n. Etym: [Cf. Cog a small boat.]

Defn: A small wooden vessel; a pail. [Scot.] Jamieson.

COGWARE
Cog"ware`, n.

Defn: A coarse, narrow cloth, like frieze, used by the lower classes
in the sixteenth century. Halliwell.

COGWHEEL
Cog"wheel`, n.

Defn: A wheel with cogs or teeth; a gear wheel. See Illust. of
Gearing.

COHABIT
Co*hab"it, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cohabited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cohabiting.] Etym: [L. cohabitare; co- + habitare to dwell, to have
possession of (a place), freg. of habere to have. See Habit, n. & v.]

1. To inhabit or reside in company, or in the same place or country.
The Philistines were worsted by the captived ark . . . : they were
not able to cohabit with that holy thing. South.

2. To dwell or live together as husband and wife.
The law presumes that husband and wife cohabit together, even after a
voluntary separation has taken place between them. Bouvier.

Note: By the common law as existing in the United States, marriage is
presumed when a man and woman cohabit permanently together, being
reputed by those who know them to be husband and wife, and admitting
the relationship. Wharton.

COHABITANT
Co*hab"it*ant, n. Etym: [L. cohabitans, p. pr.]

Defn: One who dwells with another, or in the same place or country.
No small number of the Danes became peaceable cohabitants with the
Saxons in England. Sir W. Raleigh.

COHABITATION
Co*hab"i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. cohabitatio.]

1. The act or state of dwelling together, or in the same place with
another. Feltham.

2. (Law)

Defn: The living together of a man and woman in supposed sexual
relationship.
That the duty of cohabitation is released by the cruelty of one of
the parties is admitted. Lord Stowell.

COHABITER
Co*hab"it*er, n.

Defn: A cohabitant. Hobbes.

COHEIR
Co*heir, n.

Defn: A joint heir; one of two or more heirs; one of several entitled
to an inheritance.

COHEIRESS
Co*heir"ess, n.

Defn: A female heir who inherits with other heiresses; a joint
heiress.

COHEIRSHIP
Co*heir"ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a coheir.

COHERALD
Co*her"ald, n.

Defn: A joint herald.

COHERE
Co*here", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cohered; p. pr. & vb. n. Cohering.]
Etym: [L. cohaerere, cohaesum; co- + haerere to stick, adhere. See
Aghast, a.]

1. To stick together; to cleave; to be united; to hold fast, as parts
of the same mass.
Neither knows he . . . how the solid parts of the body are united or
cohere together. Locke.

2. To be united or connected together in subordination to one
purpose; to follow naturally and logically, as the parts of a
discourse, or as arguments in a train of reasoning; to be logically
consistent.
They have been inserted where they best seemed to cohere. Burke.

3. To suit; to agree; to fit. [Obs.]
Had time cohered with place, or place with wishing. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To cleave; unite; adhere; stick; suit; agree; fit; be consistent.

COHERENCE; COHERENCY
Co*her"ence, Co*her"en*cy, n. Etym: [L. cohaerentia: cf. F.
cohérence.]

1. A sticking or cleaving together; union of parts of the same body;
cohesion.

2. Connection or dependence, proceeding from the subordination of the
parts of a thing to one principle or purpose, as in the parts of a
discourse, or of a system of philosophy; consecutiveness.
Coherence of discourse, and a direct tendency of all the parts of it
to the argument in hand, are most eminently to be found in him.
Locke.

COHERENT
Co*her"ent, a. Etym: [L. cohaerens, p. pr. See Cohere.]

1. Sticking together; cleaving; as the parts of bodies; solid or
fluid. Arbuthnot.

2. Composed of mutually dependent parts; making a logical whole;
consistent; as, a coherent plan, argument, or discourse.

3. Logically consistent; -- applied to persons; as, a coherent
thinker. Watts.

4. Suitable or suited; adapted; accordant. [Obs.]
Instruct my daughter how she shall persever, That time and place,
with this deceit so lawful, May prove coherent. Shak.

COHERENTLY
Co*her"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a coherent manner.

COHERER
Co*her"er, n. (Elec.)

Defn: Any device in which an imperfectly conducting contact between
pieces of metal or other conductors loosely resting against each
other is materially improved in conductivity by the influence of
Hertzian waves; -- so called by Sir O. J. Lodge in 1894 on the
assumption that the impact of the electic waves caused the loosely
connected parts to cohere, or weld together, a condition easily
destroyed by tapping. A common form of coherer as used in wireless
telegraphy consists of a tube containing filings (usually a pinch of
nickel and silver filings in equal parts) between terminal wires or
plugs (called conductor plugs).

COHESIBILITY
Co*he`si*bil"i*ty ( or ), n.

Defn: The state of being cohesible. Good.

COHESIBLE
Co*he"si*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of cohesion.

COHESION
Co*he"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cohésion. See Cohere.]

1. The act or state of sticking together; close union.

2. (Physics)

Defn: That from of attraction by which the particles of a body are
united throughout the mass, whether like or unlike; -- distinguished
from adhesion, which unites bodies by their adjacent surfaces.
Solids and fluids differ in the degree of cohesion, which, being
increased, turns a fluid into a solid. Arbuthnot.

3. Logical agreement and dependence; as, the cohesion of ideas.
Locke.

COHESIVE
Co*he"sive, a.

1. Holding the particles of a homogeneous body together; as, cohesive
attraction; producing cohesion; as, a cohesive force.

2. Cohering, or sticking together, as in a mass; capable of cohering;
tending to cohere; as, cohesive clay. Cohesive attraction. See under
Attraction.
 -- Co*he"sive*ly, adv.
 -- Co*he"sive*ness, n.

COHIBIT
Co*hib"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cohibited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cohibiting.] Etym: [L. cohibitus, p. p. of cohibere to confine; co- +
habere to hold.]

Defn: To restrain. [Obs.] Bailey.

COHIBITION
Co`hi*bi"tion, n. Etym: [L. cohibitio.]

Defn: Hindrance; restraint. [Obs.]

COHOBATE
Co`ho*bate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cohobated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cohobating.] Etym: [LL. cohobare; prob. of Arabic origin: cf. F.
cohober.] (Anc. Chem.)

Defn: To repeat the distillation of, pouring the liquor back upon the
matter remaining in the vessel. Arbuthnot.

COHOBATION
Co`ho*ba"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cohobation.] (Anc. Chem.)

Defn: The process of cohobating. Grew.

COHORN
Co"horn, n. (Mil.)

Defn: See Coehorn.

COHORT
Co"hort, n. Etym: [L. cohors, prop. an inclosure: cf. F. cohorte. See
Court, n.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A body of about five or six hundred soldiers; the tenth part of
a legion.

2. Any band or body of warriors.
With him the cohort bright Of watchful cherubim. Milton.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A natural group of orders of plants, less comprehensive than a
class.

COHOSH
Co"hosh, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial American herb (Caulophyllum thalictroides), whose
roostock is used in medicine; -- also called pappoose root. The name
is sometimes also given to the Cimicifuga racemosa, and to two
species of Actæa, plants of the Crowfoot family.

COHUNE; COHUNE PALM
Co*hune", n., or Cohune palm . [Prob. fr. a native name in Honduras.]

Defn: A Central and South American pinnate-leaved palm (Attalea
cohune), the very large and hard nuts of which are turned to make
fancy articles, and also yield an oil used as a substitute for
coconut oil.

COIF
Coif (koif), n. Etym: [OF. coife, F. coiffe, LL. cofea, cuphia, fr.
OHG. kuppa, kuppha, miter, perh. fr. L. cupa tub. See Cup, n. ; but
cf. also Cop, Cuff the article of dress, Quoif, n.]

Defn: A cap. Specifically: (a) A close-fitting cap covering the sides
of the head, like a small hood without a cape. (b) An official
headdress, such as that worn by certain judges in England. [Writting
also quoif.]
From point and saucy ermine down To the plain coif and russet gown.
H. Brocke.
The judges, . . . althout they are not of the first magnitude, nor
need be of the degree of the coif, yet are they considerable. Bacon.

COIF
Coif (koif), v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. coiffer.]

Defn: To cover or dress with, or as with, a coif.
And coif me, where I'm bald, with flowers. J. G. Cooper.

COIFED
Coifed (koift), a.

Defn: Wearing a coif.

COIFFEUR
Coif`feur", n. [F.]

Defn: A hairdresser.

COIFFURE
Coif"fure, n. Etym: [F., fr. coiffer. See Coif.]

Defn: A headdress, or manner of dressing the hair. Addison.

COIGN
Coign, n.

Defn: A var. spelling of Coin, Quoin, a corner, wedge; -- chiefly
used in the phrase coign of vantage, a position advantageous for
action or observation.

From some shielded nook or coign of vantage.
The Century.

The lithosphere would be depressed on four faces; . . . the four
projecting coigns would stand up as continents.
Nature.

COIGNE
Coigne (koin), n. Etym: [See Coin, n.]

Defn: A quoin.
See you yound coigne of the Capitol yon corner stone Shak.

COIGNE; COIGNY
Coigne, Coign"y, n.

Defn: The practice of quartering one's self as landlord on a tenant;
a quartering of one's self on anybody. [Ireland] Spenser.

COIL
Coil (koil), v.t. [imp. & p. p. Coiled (koild); p. pr. & vb. n.
Coiling.] Etym: [OF. coillir, F. cueillir, to collect, gather
together, L. coligere; col- + legere to gather. See Legend, and cf.
Cull, v. t., Collect.]

1. To wind cylindrically or spirally; as, to coil a rope when not in
use; the snake coiled itself before springing.

2. To encircle and hold with, or as with, coils. [Obs. or R.] T.
Edwards.

COIL
Coil, v. i.

Defn: To wind itself cylindrically or spirally; to form a coil; to
wind; -- often with about or around.
You can see his flery serpents . . . Coiting, playing in the water.
Longfellow.

COIL
Coil, n.

1. A ring, series of rings, or spiral, into which a rope, or other
like thing, is wound.
The wild grapevines that twisted their coils from trec to tree. W.
Irving.

2. Fig.: Entanglement; toil; mesh; perplexity.

3. A series of connected pipes in rows or layers, as in a steam
heating apparatus. Induction coil. (Elec.) See under Induction.
 -- Ruhmkorff's coil (Elec.), an induction coil, sometimes so called
from Ruhmkorff (, a prominent manufacturer of the apparatus.

COIL
Coil, n. Etym: [Of Celtic origin; cf. Gael. goil fume, rage.]

Defn: A noise, tumult, bustle, or confusion. [Obs.] Shak.

COILON
Coi"lon, n. Etym: [F. See Cullion.]

Defn: A testicle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COIN
Coin (koin), n. Etym: [F. coin, formerly also coing, wedge, stamp,
corner, fr. L. cuneus wedge; prob. akin to E. cone, hone. See Hone,
n., and cf. Coigne, Quoin, Cuneiform.]

1. A quoin; a corner or external angle; a wegde. See Coigne, and
Quoin.

2. A piece of metal on which certain characters are stamped by
government authority, making it legally current as money; -- much
used in a collective sense.
It is alleged that it [a subsidy] exceeded all the current coin of
the realm. Hallam.

3. That which serves for payment or recompense.
The loss of present advantage to flesh and blood is repaid in a
nobler coin. Hammond.
Coin balance. See Illust. of Balance.
 -- To pay one in his own coin, to return to one the same kind of
injury or ill treatment as has been received from him. [Colloq.]

COIN
Coin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coined (koind); p. pr. & vb. n. Coining.]

1. To make of a definite fineness, and convert into coins, as a mass
of metal; to mint; to manufacture; as, to coin silver dollars; to
coin a medal.

2. To make or fabricate; to invent; to originate; as, to coin a word.
Some tale, some new pretense, he daily coined, To soothe his sister
and delude her mind. Dryden.

3. To acquire rapidly, as money; to make.
Tenants cannot coin rent just at quarter day. Locke.

COIN
Coin, v. i.

Defn: To manufacture counterfeit money.
They cannot touch me for coining. Shak.

COINAGE
Coin"age, n. Etym: [From Coin, v. t., cf. Cuinage.]

1. The act or process of converting metal into money.
The care of the coinage was committed to the inferior magistrates.
Arbuthnot.

2. Coins; the aggregate coin of a time or place.

3. The cost or expense of coining money.

4. The act or process of fabricating or inventing; formation;
fabrication; that which is fabricated or forged. "Unnecessary coinage
. . . of words." Dryden.
This is the very coinage of your brain. Shak.

COINCIDE
Co`in*cide", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Coincided; p. pr. & vb. n.
Coinciding.] Etym: [L. co- + incidere to fall on; in + cadere to
fall: cf. F. coïncider. See Chance, n.]

1. To occupy the same place in space, as two equal triangles, when
placed one on the other.
If the equator and the ecliptic had coincided, it would have rendered
the annual revoluton of the earth useless. Cheyne.

2. To occur at the same time; to be contemporaneous; as, the fall of
Granada coincided with the discovery of America.

3. To correspond exactly; to agree; to concur; as, our aims coincide.
The rules of right jugdment and of good ratiocination often coincide
with each other. Watts.

COINCIDENCE
Co*in"ci*dence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. coïncidence.]

1. The condition of occupying the same place in space; as, the
coincidence of circles, surfaces, etc. Bentley.

2. The condition or fact of happening at the same time; as, the
coincidence of the deaths of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson.

3. Exact correspondence in nature, character, result, circumstances,
etc.; concurrence; agreement.
The very concurrence and coincidence of ao many evidences . . .
carries a great weight. Sir M. Hale.
Those who discourse . . . of the nature of truth . . . affirm a
perfect coincidence between truth and goodness. South.

COINCIDENCY
Co*in"ci*den*cy, n.

Defn: Coincidence. [R.]

COINCIDENT
Co*in"ci*dent, a. Etym: [Cf. F. coïncident.]

Defn: Having coincidence; occupying the same place; contemporaneous;
concurrent; -- followed by with.
Christianity teaches nothing but what is perfectly suitable to, and
coincident with, the ruling principles of a virtuous and well-
inclined man. South.

COINCIDENT
Co*in"ci*dent, n.

Defn: One of two or more coincident events; a coincidence. [R.]
"Coincidents and accidents." Froude.

COINCIDENTAL
Co*in`ci*den"tal, a.

Defn: Coincident.

COINCIDENTLY
Co*in"ci*dent*ly, adv.

Defn: With coincidence.

COINCIDER
Co`in*cid"er, n.

Defn: One who coincides with another in an opinion.

COINDICATION
Co*in`di*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. coïdication.]

Defn: One of several signs or sumptoms indicating the same fact; as,
a coindication of disease.

COINER
Coin"er, n.

1. One who makes or stamps coin; a maker of money; -- usually, a
maker of counterfeit money.
Precautions such as are employed by coiners and receivers of stolen
goods. Macaulay.

2. An inventor or maker, as of words. Camden.

COINHABITANT
Co`in*hab"it*ant, n.

Defn: One who dwells with another, or with others. "Coinhabitants of
the same element." Dr. H. More.

COINHERE
Co`in*here", v. i.

Defn: To inhere or exist together, as in one substance. Sir W.
Hamilton.

COINHERITANCE
Co`in*her"it*ance, n.

Defn: Joint inheritance.

COINHERITOR
Co`in*her"it*or, n.

Defn: A coheir.

COINITIAL
Co`in*i"tial, a. (Math.)

Defn: Having a common beginning.

COINQUINATE
Co*in"qui*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. coinquinatus, p. p. of coinquinare to
defile. See Inquinate.]

Defn: Topollute. [Obs.] Skelton.

COINQUINATION
Co*in`qui*na"tion, n.

Defn: Defilement. [Obs.]

COINSTANTANEOUS
Co*in"stan*ta"ne*ous, a.

Defn: Happening at the same instant. C. Darwin.

COINSURANCE
Co`in*sur"ance, n.  [Co- + insurance.]

Defn: Insurance jointly with another or others; specif., that system
of fire insurance in which the insurer is treated as insuring himself
to the extent of that part of the risk not covered by his policy, so
that any loss is apportioned between him and the insurance company on
the principle of average, as in marine insurance or between other
insurers.

COINTENSE
Co`intense", a.

Defn: Equal in intensity or degree; as, the relations between 6 and
12, and 8 and 16, are cointense. H. Spencer.

COINTENSION
Co`in*ten"sion, n.

Defn: The condition of being of equal in intensity; -- applied to
relations; as, 3 : 6 and 6 : 12 are relations of cointension.
Cointension . . . is chosen indicate the equality of relations in
respect of the contrast between their terms. H. Spencer.

COIR
Coir (koir), n. Etym: [Tamil kayiru.]

1. A material for cordage, matting, etc., consisting of the prepared
fiber of the outer husk of the cocoanut. Homans.

2. Cordage or cables, made of this material.

COISTRIL
Cois"tril, n. Etym: [Prob. from OF. coustillier groom or lad. Cf.
Custrel.]

1. An inferior groom or lad employed by an esquire to carry the
knight's arms and other necessaries. [Written also coistrel.]

2. A mean, paltry fellow; a coward. [Obs.] Shak.

COIT
Coit (koit), n. Etym: [See Quoit.]

Defn: A quoit. [Obs.] Carew.

COIT
Coit, v. t.

Defn: To throw, as a stone. [Obs.] See Quoit.

COITION
Co*i"tion, n. Etym: [L. coitio, fr. coire to come together; co- + ire
to go.]

Defn: A coming together; sexual intercourse; copulation. Grew.

COJOIN
Co*join", v. t.

Defn: To join; to conjoin. [R.] Shak.

COJUROR
Co*ju"ror, n.

Defn: One who swears to another's credibility. W. Wotton.

COKE
Coke, n. Etym: [Perh. akin to cake, n.]

Defn: Mineral coal charred, or depriver of its bitumen, sulphur, or
other volatile matter by roasting in a kiln or oven, or by
distillation, as in gas works. It is lagerly used where [Written also
coak.] Gas coke, the coke formed in gas retorts, as distinguished
from that made in ovens.

COKE
Coke, v. t.

Defn: To convert into coke.

COKENAY
Coke"nay, n.

Defn: A cockney. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COKERNUT
Co"ker*nut`, n. (Com.)

Defn: The cocoanut.

Note: A mode of spelling introduced by the London customhouse to
distinguish more widely between this and other articles spelt much in
the same manner.

COKES
Cokes, n. Etym: [OE. Cf. Coax.]

Defn: A simpleton; a gull; a dupe. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

COKEWOLD
Coke"wold, n.

Defn: Cuckold. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COL; COL-
Col

Defn: - (with, together. See Com-.

COL
Col, n. Etym: [F., neck, fr. L. collum neck.]

Defn: A short ridge connecting two higher elevations or mountains;
the pass over such a ridge.

COLA
Co"la, n. [NL., fr. a native name.] (Bot.)
 (a) A genus of sterculiaceous trees, natives of tropical Africa,
esp. Guinea, but now naturalized in tropical America, esp. in the
West Indies and Brazil.
 (b) Same as Cola nut, below.

COLA
Co"la, n.,

Defn: L. pl. of Colon.

COLABORER
Co*la"bor*er, n.

Defn: One who labors with another; an associate in labor.

COLANDER
Col"an*der, n. Etym: [L. colans, -antis, p. pr. of colare to filter,
to strain, fr. colum a strainer. Cf. Cullis, Culvert.]

Defn: A utensil with a bottom perforated with little holes for
straining liquids, mashed vegetable pulp, etc.; a strainer of
wickerwork, perfprated metal, or the like.

COLA NUT; COLA SEED
Cola nut, Cola seed. (Bot.)

Defn: The bitter fruit of Cola acuminata, which is nearly as large as
a chestnut, and furnishes a stimulant, which is used in medicine.

COLATION
Co*la"tion, n. Etym: [See Colander.]

Defn: The act or process of straining or filtering. [R.]

COLATITUDE
Co*lat"i*tude (; 134), n. Etym: [Formed like cosine. See Cosine.]

Defn: The complement of the latitude, or the difference between any
latitude and ninety degrees.

COLATURE
Col"a*ture, n. Etym: [L. colatura, from colare: cf. F. colature. See
Colander.]

Defn: The process of straining; the matter strained; a strainer. [R.]

COLBERTINE
Col"ber*tine, n. Etym: [From Jean Baptiste Colbert, a minister of
Louis XIV., who encouraged the lace manufacture in France.]

Defn: A kind of lace. [Obs.]
Pinners edged with colbertine. Swift.
Difference rose between Mechlin, the queen of lace, and colbertine.
Young.

COLCHICINE
Col"chi*cine ( or ), n. Etym: [Cf. F. colchicine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A powerful vegetable alkaloid, C17H19NO5, extracted from the
Colchicum autumnale, or meadow saffron, as a white or yellowish
amorphous powder, with a harsh, bitter taste; -- called also
colchicia.

COLCHICUM
Col"chi*cum, n. Etym: [L., a plant with a poisonous root, fr.
Colchicus Colchian, fr. Colchis, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of bulbous-rooted plants found in many parts of Europe,
including the meadow saffron.

Note: Preparations made from the poisonous bulbs and seeds, and
perhaps from the flowers, of the Colchicum autumnale (meadow saffron)
are used as remedies for gout and rheumatism.

COLCOTHAR
Col"co*thar, n. Etym: [NL. colcothar vitrioli, fr. Ar. qolqotar.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Polishing rouge; a reddish brown oxide of iron, used in
polishing glass, and also as a pigment; -- called also crocus Martis.

COLD
Cold, a. [Compar. Colder; superl. Coldest.] Etym: [OE. cold, cald,
AS. cald, ceald; akin to OS. kald, D. koud, G. kalt, Icel. kaldr,
Dan. kold, Sw. kall, Goth. kalds, L. gelu frost, gelare to freeze.
Orig. p. p. of AS. calan to be cold, Icel. kala to freeze. Cf. Cool,
a., Chill, n.]

1. Deprived of heat, or having a low temperature; not warm or hot;
gelid; frigid. "The snowy top of cold Olympis." Milton.

2. Lacking the sensation of warmth; suffering from the absence of
heat; chilly; shivering; as, to be cold.

3. Not pungent or acrid. "Cold plants." Bacon

4. Wanting in ardor, intensity, warmth, zeal, or passion; spiritless;
unconcerned; reserved.
A cold and unconcerned spectator. T. Burnet.
No cold relation is a zealous citizen. Burke.

5. Unwelcome; disagreeable; unsatisfactory. "Cold news for me." "Cold
comfort." Shak.

6. Wanting in power to excite; dull; uninteresting.
What a deal of cold business doth a man misspend the better part of
life in! B. Jonson.
The jest grows cold . . . when in comes on in a second scene.
Addison.

7. Affecting the sense of smell (as of hunting dogs) but feebly;
having lost its odor; as, a cold scent.

8. Not sensitive; not acute.
Smell this business with a sense as cold As is a dead man's nose.
Shak.

9. Distant; -- said, in the game of hunting for some object, of a
seeker remote from the thing concealed.

10. (Paint.)

Defn: Having a bluish effect. Cf. Warm, 8. Cold abscess. See under
Abscess.
 -- Cold blast See under Blast, n., 2. Cold blood. See under Blood,
n., 8.
 -- Cold chill, an ague fit. Wright.
 -- Cold chisel, a chisel of peculiar strength and hardness, for
cutting cold metal. Weale.
 -- Cold cream. See under Cream.
 -- Cold slaw. See Cole slaw.
 -- In cold blood, without excitement or passion; deliberately.
He was slain in cold blood after thefight was over. Sir W. Scott.
To give one the cold shoulder, to treat one with neglect.

Syn.
 -- Gelid; bleak; frigid; chill; indifferent; unconcerned;
passionless; reserved; unfeeling; stoical.

COLD
Cold, n.

1. The relative absence of heat or warmth.

2. The sensation produced by the escape of heat; chilliness or
chillness.
When she saw her lord prepared to part, A deadly cold ran shivering
to her heart. Dryden.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid state of the animal system produced by exposure to
cold or dampness; a catarrh. Cold sore (Med.), a vesicular eruption
appearing about the mouth as the result of a cold, or in the course
of any disease attended with fever.
 -- To leave one out in the cold, to overlook or neglect him.
[Colloq.] Cold, v. i.

Defn: To become cold. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COLD-BLOODED
Cold"-blood`ed, a.

1. Having cold blood; -- said of fish or animals whose blood is but
little warmer than the water or air about them.

2. Deficient in sensibility or feeling; hard-hearted.

3. Not thoroughbred; -- said of animals, as horses, which are derived
from the common stock of a country.

COLDFINCH
Cold"finch`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A British wagtail.

COLD-HEARTED
Cold"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Wanting passion or feeling; indifferent.
 -- Cold"-heart`ed*ness, n.

COLDISH
Cold"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat cold; cool; chilly.

COLDLY
Cold"ly, adv.

Defn: In a cold manner; without warmth, animation, or feeling; with
indifference; calmly.
Withdraw unto some private place, And reason coldly of your
grievances. Shak.

COLDNESS
Cold"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being cold.

COLD-SHORT
Cold"-short`, a.

Defn: Brittle when cold; as, cold-short iron.

COLD-SHUT
Cold"-shut`, a. (Metal.)

Defn: Closed while too cold to become thoroughly welded; -- said of a
forging or casting.
 -- n.

Defn: An imperfection caused by such insufficient welding.

COLD WAVE
Cold" wave". (Meteor.)

Defn: In the terminology of the United States Weather Bureau, an
unusual fall in temperature, to or below the freezing point,
exceeding 16º in twenty-four hours or 20º in thirty-six hours,
independent of the diurnal range.

COLE
Cole, n. Etym: [OE. col, caul, AS. cawl, cawel, fr. L. caulis, the
stalk or stem of a plant, esp. a cabbage stalk, cabbage, akin to Gr.
Cauliflower, Kale.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the Brassica or Cabbage genus; esp. that form of B.
oleracea called rape and coleseed.

CO-LEGATEE
Co-leg`a*tee", n.

Defn: A joint legatee.

COLEGOOSE
Cole"goose`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Coalgoose.

COLEMANITE
Cole"man*ite, n. Etym: [From W.T. Coleman of San Francisco.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous borate of lime occurring in transparent colorless or
white crystals, also massive, in Southern California.

COLEMOUSE
Cole"mouse`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Coletit.

COLEOPTER
Co`le*op"ter, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Coleoptera.

COLEOPTERA
Co`le*op"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of insects having the anterior pair of wings (elytra)
hard and horny, and serving as coverings for the posterior pair,
which are membranous, and folded transversely under the others when
not in use. The mouth parts form two pairs of jaws (mandibles and
maxillæ) adapted for chewing. Most of the Coleoptera are known as
beetles and weevils.

COLEOPTERAL; COLEOPTEROUS
Co`le*op"ter*al, Co`le*op"ter*ous a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having wings covered with a case or sheath; belonging to the
Coleoptera.

COLEOPTERAN
Co`le*op"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the order of Coleoptera.

COLEOPTERIST
Co`le*op"ter*ist, n.

Defn: One versed in the study of the Coleoptera.

COLEORHIZA
Co`le*o*rhi"za, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A sheath in the embryo of grasses, inclosing the caulicle.
Gray.

COLEPERCH
Cole"perch`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of small black perch.

COLERA
Col"e*ra, n. Etym: [L. cholera. See Choler.]

Defn: Bile; choler. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COLERIDGIAN
Cole*ridg"i*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Samuel Taylor Coleridge, or to his poetry or
metaphysics.

COLESEED
Cole"seed`, n.

Defn: The common rape or cole.

COLESLAW
Cole"slaw`, n. Etym: [D. kool slaa cabbage salad.]

Defn: A salad made of sliced cabbage.

CO-LESSEE
Co`-les*see", n.

Defn: A partner in a lease taen.

CO-LESSOR
Co`-les*sor", n.

Defn: A partner in giving a lease.

COLESTAFF
Cole"staff`, n.

Defn: See Colstaff.

COLET; COLLET
Col"et, Col"letEtym: [Corrupted fr. acolyte.]

Defn: An inferior church servant. [Obs.] See Acolyte.

COLETIT; COALTIT
Cole"tit` or Coal"tit, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European titmouse (Parus ater), so named from its black
color; -- called also coalmouse and colemouse.

COLEUS
Co"le*us, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of several species of the Mint family, cultivated for
its bright-colored or variegated leaves.

COLEWORT
Cole"wort`, n. Etym: [AS. cawlwyrt; cawl cole + wyrt wort. Cf.
Collards.]

1. A variety of cabbage in which the leaves never form a compact
head.

2. Any white cabbage before the head has become firm.

COLFOX
Col"fox`, n.

Defn: A crafty fox. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COLIC
Col"ic, n. Etym: [F. colique, fr. L. colicus sick with the colic, GR.
Colon.] (Med.)

Defn: A severe paroxysmal pain in the abdomen, due to spasm,
obstruction, or distention of some one of the hollow viscera. Hepatic
colic, the severe pain produced by the passage of a gallstone from
the liver or gall bladder through the bile duct.
 -- Intestinal colic, or Ordinary colic, pain due to distention of
the intestines by gas.
 -- Lead colic, Painter's colic, a violent form of intestinal colic,
associated with obstinate constipation, produced by chronic lead
poisoning.
 -- Renal colic, the severe pain produced by the passage of a
calculus from the kidney through the ureter.
 -- Wind colic. See Intestinal colic, above.

COLIC
Col"ic, a.

1. Of or pertaining to colic; affecting the bowels. Milton.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the colon; as, the colic arteries.

COLICAL
Col"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of, colic. Swift.

COLICKY
Col"ick*y, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or troubled with, colic; as, a colicky disorder.

COLICROOT
Col"ic*root`, n.

Defn: A bitter American herb of the Bloodwort family, with the leaves
all radical, and the small yellow or white flowers in a long spike
(Aletris farinosa and A. aurea). Called sometimes star grass,
blackroot, blazing star, and unicorn root.

COLIN
Col"in, n. Etym: [F. colin; prop. a dim. of Colas, contr. fr. Nicolas
Nicholas.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American quail or bobwhite. The name is also applied to
other related species. See Bobwhite.

COLISEUM
Col`i*se"um, n. Etym: [NL. (cf. It. coliseo, colosseo), fr. L.
colosseus colossal, fr. colossus a colossus. See Colossus, and cf.
Colosseum.]

Defn: The amphitheater of Vespasian at Rome, the largest in the
world. [Written also Colosseum.]

COLITIS
Co*li"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammation of the large intestine, esp. of its mucous
membrane; colonitis.

COLL
Coll, v. t. Etym: [OF. coler, fr. L. collum neck.]

Defn: To embrace. [Obs.] "They coll and kiss him." Latimer.

COLLABORATEUR
Col*la`bo*ra*teur", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Collaborator.

COLLABORATION
Col*lab`o*ra"tion, n.

Defn: The act ofworking together; united labor.

COLLABORATOR
Col*lab"o*ra`tor, n. Etym: [L. collaborare to labor together; col- +
laborare to labor: cf. F. collaborateur.]

Defn: An associate in labor, especially in literary or scientific
labor.

COLLAGEN
Col"la*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The chemical basis of ordinary connective tissue, as of tendons
or sinews and of bone. On being boiled in water it becomes gelatin or
glue.

COLLAGENOUS
Col*lag"e*nous, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Containing or resembling collagen.

COLLAPSE
Col*lapse", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Collapsed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Collapsing] Etym: [L. collapsus, p. p. of collabi to collapse; col- +
labi to fall, slide. See Lapse.]

1. To fall together suddenly, as the sides of a hollow vessel; to
close by falling or shrinking together; to have the sides or parts of
(a thing) fall in together, or be crushed in together; as, a flue in
the boiler of a steam engine sometimes collapses.
A balloon collapses when the gas escapes from it. Maunder.

2. To fail suddenly and completely, like something hollow when
subject to too much pressure; to undergo a collapse; as, Maximilian's
government collapsed soon after the French army left Mexico; many
financial projects collapse after attaining some success and
importance.

COLLAPSE
Col*lapse", n.

1. A falling together suddenly, as of the sides of a hollow vessel.

2. A sudden and complete failure; an utter failure of any kind; a
breakdown. [Colloq.]

3. (Med.)

Defn: Extreme depression or sudden failing o

COLLAPSION
Col*lap"sion, n. Etym: [L. collapsio.]

Defn: Collapse. [R.] Johnson.

COLLAR
Col"lar, n. Etym: [OE. coler, coller, OF. colier, F. collier,
necklace, collar, fr. OF. col neck, F. cou, fr. L. collum; akin to
AS. heals, G. & Goth. hals. Cf. Hals, n.]

1. Something worn round the neck, whether for use, ornament,
restraint, or identification; as, the collar of a coat; a lady's
collar; the collar of a dog.

2. (Arch.)
(a) A ring or cinture.
(b) A collar beam.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The neck or line of junction between the root of a plant and
its stem. Gray.

4. An ornament worn round the neck by knights, having on it devises
to designate their rank or order.

5. (Zoöl.)
(a) A ringlike part of a mollusk in connection with esophagus.
(b) A colored ring round the neck of a bird or mammal.

6. (Mech.)

Defn: A ring or round flange upon, surrounding, or against an object,
and used for rastraining motion within given limits, or for holding
something to its place, or for hibing an opening around an object;
as, a collar on a shaft, used to prevent endwise motion of the shaft;
a collar surrounding a stovepipe at the place where it enters a wall.
The flanges of a piston and the gland of a stuffing box are sometimes
called collars.

7. (Naut.)

Defn: An eye formed in the bight or bend of a shroud or stay to go
over the masthead; also, a rope to which certain parts of rigging, as
dead-eyes, are secured.

8. (Mining)

Defn: A curb, or a horizontal timbering, around the mouth of a shaft.
Raymond. Collar beam (Arch.), a horizontal piece of timber connecting
and tying together two opposite rafters; -- also, called simply
collar.
 -- Collar of brawn, the quantity of brawn bound up in one parcel.
[Eng.] Johnson.
 -- Collar day, a day of great ceremony at the English court, when
persons, who are dignitaries of honorary orders, wear the collars of
those orders.
 -- To slip the collar, to get free; to disentangle one's self from
difficulty, labor, or engagement. Spenser.

COLLAR
Col"lar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collared; p. pr. & vb. n. Collaring.]

1. To seize by the collar.

2. To put a collar on. To collar beef (or other meat), to roll it up,
and bind it close with a string preparatory to cooking it.

COLLAR BONE
Col"lar bone`. (Anat.)

Defn: The clavicle.

COLLARDS
Col"lards, n., pl. Etym: [Corrupted fr. colewort.]

Defn: Young cabbage, used as "greens"; esp. a kind cultivated for
that purpose; colewort. [Colloq. Souther U. S.]

COLLARED
Col"lared, a.

1. Wearing a collar. "Collared with gold." Chaucer.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Wearing a collar; -- said of a man or beast used as a bearing
when a collar is represented as worn around the neck or loins.

3. Rolled up and bound close with a string; as, collared beef. See To
collar beef, under Collar, v. t.

COLLARET; COLLARETTE
Col`lar*et",  Col`la*rette", n. [F. collerette, dim. of collier. See
Collar.]

Defn: A small collar; specif., a woman's collar of lace, fur, or
other fancy material.

COLLATABLE
Col*lat"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being collated. Coleridge.

COLLATE
Col*late", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collated; p. pr. & vb. n. Collating.]
Etym: [From Collation.]

1. To compare critically, as books or manuscripts, in order to note
the points of agreement or disagreement.
I must collage it, word, with the original Hebrew. Coleridge.

2. To gather and place in order, as the sheets of a book for binding.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: To present and institute in a benefice, when the person
presenting is both the patron and the ordinary; -- followed by to.

4. To bestow or confer. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

COLLATE
Col*late", v. i. (Ecl.)

Defn: To place in a benefice, when the person placing is both the
patron and the ordinary.
If the bishop neglets to collate within six months, the right to do
it devolves on the archbishop. Encyc. Brit.

COLLATERAL
Col*lat"er*al, a. Etym: [LL. collateralis; col- + lateralis lateral.
See Lateral.]

1. Coming from, being on, or directed toward, the side; as,
collateral pressure. "Collateral light." Shak.

2. Acting in an indirect way.
If by direct or by collateral hand They find us touched, we will our
kingdom give . . . To you in satisfaction. Shak.

3. Related to, but not strictly a part of, the main thing or matter
under consideration; hence, subordinate; not chief or principal; as,
collateral interest; collateral issues.
That he [Attebury] was altogether in the wrong on the main question,
and on all the collateral questions springing out of it, . . . is
true. Macaulay.

4. Tending toward the same conclusion or result as something else;
additional; as, collateral evidence.
Yet the attempt may give Collateral interest to this homely tale.
Wordsworth.

5. (Genealogy)

Defn: Descending from the same stock or ancestor, but not in the same
line or branch or one from the other; -- opposed to lineal.

Note: Lineal descendants proceed one from another in a direct line;
collateral relations spring from a common ancestor, but from
different branches of that common stirps or stock. Thus the children
of brothers are collateral relations, having different fathers, but a
common grandfather. Blackstone.

Collateral assurance, that which is made, over and above the deed
itself.
 -- Collateral circulation (Med. & Physiol.), circulation established
through indirect or subordinate branches when the supply through the
main vessel is obstructed.
 -- Collateral issue. (Law) (a) An issue taken upon a matter aside
from the merits of the case. (b) An issue raised by a criminal
convict who pleads any matter allowed by law in bar of execution, as
pardon, diversity of person, etc. (c) A point raised, on cross-
examination, aside from the issue fixed by the pleadings, as to which
the answer of the witness, when given, cannot subsequently be
contradicted by the party asking the question.
 -- Collateral security, security for the performance of covenants,
or the payment of money, besides the principal security,

COLLATERAL
Col*lat"er*al, n.

1. A collateral relative. Ayliffe.

2. Collateral security; that which is pledged or deposited as
collateral security.

COLLATERALLY
Col*lat"er*al*ly, adv.

1. Side by side; by the side.
These pulleys . . . placed collaterally. Bp. Wilkins.

2. In an indirect or subordinate manner; indirectly.
The will hath force upon the conscience collaterally and indirectly.
Jer. Taylor.

3. In collateral relation; not lineally.

COLLATERALNESS
Col*lat"er*al*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being collateral.

COLLATION
Col*la"tion, n. Etym: [OE. collacioun speech, conference, reflection,
OF. collacion, F. collation, fr. L. collatio a bringing together,
comparing, fr. collatum (used as the supine of conferre); col- +
latium (used as the supine of ferre to bear), for tlatum. See
Tolerate, v. t.]

1. The act of collating or comparing; a comparison of one copy er
thing (as of a book, or manuscript) with another of a like kind;
comparison, in general. Pope.

2. (Print.)

Defn: The gathering and examination of sheets preparatory to binding.

3. The act of conferring or bestowing. [Obs.]
Not by the collation of the king . . . but by the people. Bacon.

4. A conference. [Obs.] Chaucer.

5. (Eccl. Law)

Defn: The presentation of a clergyman to a benefice by a bishop, who
has it in his own gift.

6. (Law)
(a) The act of comparing the copy of any paper with its original to
ascertain its conformity.
(b) The report of the act made by the proper officers.

7. (Scots Law)

Defn: The right which an heir has of throwing the whole heritable and
movable estates of the deceased into one mass, and sharing it equaly
with others who are of the same degree of kindred.

Note: This also obtains in the civil law, and is found in the code of
Louisiana. Bouvier.

8. (Eccles.)

Defn: A collection of the Lives of the Fathers or other devout work
read daily in monasteries.

9. A light repast or luncheon; as, a cold collation; -- first applied
to the refreshment on fast days that accompanied the reading of the
collation in monasteries.
A collation of wine and sweetmeats. Whiston.
Collation of seals (Old Law), a method of ascertaining the
genuineness of a seal by comparing it with another known to be
genuine. Bouvier.

COLLATION
Col*la"tion, v. i.

Defn: To partake of a collation. [Obs.]
May 20, 1658, I . . . collationed in Spring Garden. Evelyn.

COLLATIONER
Col*la"tion*er, n. (Print.)

Defn: One who examines the sheets of a book that has just been
printed, to ascertain whether they are correctly printed, paged, etc.
[Eng.]

COLLATITIOUS
Col`la*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. collatitius. See Collation.]

Defn: Brought together; contributed; done by contributions. [Obs.]
Bailey.

COLLATIVE
Col*la"tive, a. Etym: [L. collativus brought together. ]

Defn: Passing or held by collation; -- said of livings of which the
bishop and the patron are the same person.

COLLATOR
Col*la"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. One who collates manuscripts, books, etc. Addison.

2. (Eccl. Law)

Defn: One who collates to a benefice.

3. One who confers any benefit. [Obs.] Feltham.

COLLAUD
Col*laud", v. t. Etym: [L. collaudare; col- + laudare to praise.]

Defn: To join in praising. [Obs.] Howell.

COLLEAGUE
Col"league, n. Etym: [F. coll*gue, L. collega one chosen at the same
time with another, a partner in office; col- + legare to send or
choose as deputy. See Legate.]

Defn: A partner or associate in some civil or ecclesiastical office
or employment. It is never used of partners in trade or manufactures.

Syn.
 -- Helper; assistant; coadjutor; ally; associate; companion;
confederate.

COLLEAGUE
Col*league", v.t & i.

Defn: To unite or associate with another or with others. [R.] Shak.

COLLEAGUESHIP
Col"league*ship, n.

Defn: Partnership in office. Milton.

COLLECT
Col*lect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Collecting.] Etym: [L. collecrus, p. p. of collerige to bind
together; col- + legere to gather: cf. OF. collecter. See Legend, and
cf. Coil, v. t., Cull, v. t.]

1. To gather into one body or place; to assemble or bring together;
to obtain by gathering.
A band of men Collected choicely from each country. Shak.
'Tis memory alone that enriches the mind, by preserving what our
labor and industry daily collect. Watts.

2. To demand and obtain payment of, as an account, or other
indebtedness; as, to collect taxes.

3. To infer from observed facts; to conclude from premises.
[Archaic.] Shak.
Which sequence, I conceive, is very ill collected. Locke.
To collect one's self, to recover from surprise, embarrassment, or
fear; to regain self-control.

Syn.
 -- To gather; assemble; congregate; muster; accumulate; garner;
aggregate; amass; infer; deduce.

COLLECT
Col*lect", v. i.

1. To assemble together; as, the people collected in a crowd; to
accumulate; as, snow collects in banks.

2. To infer; to conclude. [Archaic]
Whence some collect that the former word imports a plurality of
persons. South.

COLLECT
Col"lect, n. Etym: [LL. collecta, fr. L. collecta a collection in
money; an assemblage, fr. collerige: cf. F. collecte. See Collect, v.
t.]

Defn: A short, comprehensive prayer, adapted to a particular day,
occasion, or condition, and forming part of a liturgy.
The noble poem on the massacres of Piedmont is strictly a collect in
verse. Macaulay.

COLLECTANEA
Col`lec*ta"ne*a, n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl. from L. collectaneus
collected, fr. colligere. See Collect, v. t.]

Defn: Passages selected from various authors, usually for purposes of
instruction; miscellany; anthology.

COLLECTED
Col*lect"ed, a.

1. Gathered together.

2. Self-possessed; calm; composed.

COLLECTEDLY
Col*lect"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Composedly; coolly.

COLLECTEDNESS
Col*lect"ed*ness, n.

Defn: A collected state of the mind; self-possession.

COLLECTIBLE
Col*lect"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being collected.

COLLECTION
Col*lec"tion, n. Etym: [L. collectio: cf. F. collection.]

1. The act or process of collecting or of gathering; as, the
collection of specimens.

2. That which is collected; as: (a) A gathering or assemblage of
objects or of persons. "A collection of letters." Macaulay.
(b) A gathering of money for charitable or other purposes, as by
passing a contribution box for freewill offerings. "The collection
for the saints." 1 Cor. xvi. 1
(c) (Usually in pl.) That which is obtained in payment of demands.
(d) An accumulation of any substance. "Collections of moisture."
Whewell. "A purulent collection." Dunglison.

3. The act of inferring or concluding from premises or observed
facts; also, that which is inferred. [Obs.]
We may safely say thus, that wrong collections have been hitherto
made out of those words by modern divines. Milton.

4. The jurisdiction of a collector of excise. [Eng.]

Syn.
 -- Gathering; assembly; assemblage; group; crowd; congregation;
mass; heap; compilation.

COLLECTIONAL
Col*lec"tion*al (-al), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to collecting.
The first twenty-five [years] must have been wasted for collectional
purposes. H. A. Merewether.

COLLECTIVE
Col*lect"ive, a. Etym: [L. collectivus: cf. F. collectif.]

1. Formed by gathering or collecting; gathered into a mass, sum, or
body; congregated or aggregated; as, the collective body of a nation.
Bp. Hoadley.

2. Deducing consequences; reasoning; inferring. [Obs.] "Critical and
collective reason." Sir T. Browne.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: Expressing a collection or aggregate of individuals, by a
singular form; as, a collective name or noun, like assembly, army,
juri, etc.

4. Tending to collect; forming a collection.
Local is his throne . . . to fix a point, A central point, collective
of his sons. Young.

5. Having plurality of origin or authority; as, in diplomacy, a note
signed by the representatives of several governments is called a
collective note. Collective fruit (Bot.), that which is formed from a
mass of flowers, as the mulberry, pineapple, and the like; -- called
also multiple fruit. Gray.

COLLECTIVE
Col*lect"ive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: A collective noun or name.

COLLECTIVELY
Col*lect"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a mass, or body; in a collected state; in the aggregate;
unitedly.

COLLECTIVENESS
Col*lect"ive*ness, n.

Defn: A state of union; mass.

COLLECTIVISM
Col*lect"iv*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. collectivisme.] (Polit. Econ.)

Defn: The doctrine that land and capital should be owned by society
collectively or as a whole; communism. W. G. Summer.

COLLECTIVIST
Col*lect"iv*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. collectiviste.]

Defn: An advocate of collectivism.
 -- a.

Defn: Relating to, or characteristic of, collectivism.

COLLECTIVITY
Col`lec*tiv"i*ty, n.

1. Quality or state of being collective.

2.  The collective sum. aggregate, or mass of anything; specif., the
people as a body; the state.

The proposition to give work by the collectivity is supposed to be in
contravention of the sacred principle of monopolistic competition.
W. D. Howells.

3.  (Polit. Econ.) Collectivism.

COLLECTOR
Col*lect"or, n. Etym: [LL. collector one who collects: cf. F.
collecteur.]

1. One who collects things which are separate; esp., one who makes a
business or practice of collecting works of art, objects in natural
history, etc.; as, a collector of coins.
I digress into Soho to explore a bookstall. Methinks I have been
thirty years a collector. Lamb.

2. A compiler of books; one who collects scattered passages and puts
them together in one book.
Volumes without the collector's own reflections. Addison.

3. (Com.)

Defn: An officer appointed and commissioned to collect and receive
customs, duties, taxes, or toll.
A great part of this is now embezzled . . . by collectors, and other
officers. Sir W. Temple.

4. One authorized to collect debts.

5. A bachelor of arts in Oxford, formerly appointed to superintend
some scholastic proceedings in Lent. Todd.

COLLECTORATE
Col*lect"or*ate, n.

Defn: The district of a collector of customs; a collectorship.

COLLECTORSHIP
Col*lect"or*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a collector of customs or of taxes.

COLLEEN
Col*leen", n. [Ir. cailin.]

Defn: A girl; a maiden. [Anglo-Irish]

Of all the colleens in the land
Sweet Mollie is the daisy.
The Century.

COLLEGATARY
Col*leg"a*ta*ry, n. Etym: [L. collegetarius. See Legatary.] (Law)

Defn: A joint legatee.

COLLEGE
Col"lege, n. Etym: [F. collège, L. collegium, fr. collega colleague.
See Colleague.]

1. A collection, body, or society of persons engaged in common
pursuits, or having common duties and interests, and sometimes, by
charter, peculiar rights and privileges; as, a college of heralds; a
college of electors; a college of bishops.
The college of the cardinals. Shak.
Then they made colleges of sufferers; persons who, to secure their
inheritance in the world to come, did cut off all their portion in
this. Jer. Taylor.

2. A society of scholars or friends of learning, incorporated for
study or instruction, esp. in the higher branches of knowledge; as,
the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge Universities, and many American
colleges.

Note: In France and some other parts of continental Europe, college
is used to include schools occupied with rudimentary studies, and
receiving children as pupils.

3. A building, or number of buildings, used by a college. "The gate
of Trinity College." Macaulay.

4. Fig.: A community. [R.]
Thick as the college of the bees in May. Dryden.
College of justice, a term applied in Scotland to the supreme civil
courts and their principal officers.
 -- The sacred college, the college or cardinals at Rome.

COLLEGIAL
Col*le"gi*al, n. Etym: [LL. collegialis.]

Defn: Collegiate. [R.]

COLLEGIAN
Col*le"gi*an, n.

Defn: A member of a college, particularly of a literary institution
so called; a student in a college.

COLLEGIATE
Col*le"gi*ate, a. Etym: [L. collegiatus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a college; as, collegiate studies; a
collegiate society. Johnson. Collegiate church. (a) A church which,
although not a bishop's seat, resembles a cathedral in having a
college, or chapter of canons (and, in the Church of England, a
dean), as Westminster Abbey. (b) An association of churches,
possessing common revenues and administered under the joint pastorate
of several ministers; as, the Reformed (Dutch) Collegiate Church of
New York.

COLLEGIATE
Col*le"gi*ate, n.

Defn: A member of a college. Burton.

COLLEMBOLA
Col*lem"bo*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Thysanura which includes Podura, and allied
forms.

COLLENCHYMA
Col*len"chy*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. parenchyma.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tissue of vegetable cells which are thickend at the angles
and (usually) elongated.

COLLET
Col"let, n. Etym: [F. collet, dim. fr. L. collum neck. See Collar.]

1. A small collar or neckband. Foxe.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A small metal ring; a small collar fastened on an arbor; as,
the collet on the balance arbor of a watch; a small socket on a stem,
for holding a drill.

3. (Jewelry)
(a) The part of a ring containing the bezel in which the stone is
set.
(b) The flat table at the base of a brilliant. See Illust. of
Brilliant.
How full the collet with his jewel is! Cowley.

COLLETERIAL
Col`le*te"ri*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the colleterium of insects. R. Owen.

COLLETERIUM
Col`le*te"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Colletic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An organ of female insects, containing a cement to unite the
ejected ova.

COLLETIC
Col*let"ic, a. Etym: [L. colleticus suitable for gluing, Gr.

Defn: Agglutinant.
 -- n.

Defn: An agglutinant.

COLLEY
Col"ley, n.

Defn: See Collie.

COLLIDE
Col*lide", v. i. Etym: [L. collidere, collisum; col- + laedere to
strike. See Lesion.]

Defn: To strike or dash against each other; to come into collision;
to clash; as, the vessels collided; their interests collided.
Across this space the attraction urges them. They collide, they
recoil, they oscillate. Tyndall.
No longer rocking and swaying, but clashing and colliding. Carlyle.

COLLIDE
Col*lide", v. t.

Defn: To strike or dash against. [Obs.]
Scintillations are . . . inflammable effluencies from the bodies
collided. Sir T. Browne.

COLLIDINE
Col"li*dine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of organic bases, C8H11N, usually pungent oily
liquids, belonging to the pyridine series, and obtained from bone
oil, coal tar, naphtha, and certain alkaloids.

COLLIE
Col"lie, n. Etym: [Gael. cuilean whelp, puppy, dog.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Scotch shepherd dog. There are two breeds, the rough-haired
and smooth-haired. It is remarkable for its intelligence, displayed
especially in caring for flocks. [Written also colly, colley.]

COLLIED
Col"lied, p. & a.

Defn: Darkened. See Colly, v. t.

COLLIER
Col"lier, n. Etym: [OE. colier. See Coal.]

1. One engaged in the business of digging mineral coal or making
charcoal, or in transporting or dealing in coal.

2. A vessel employed in the coal trade.

COLLIERY
Col"lier*y, n.; pl. Collieries. Etym: [Cf. Coalery, Collier.]

1. The place where coal is dug; a coal mine, and the buildings, etc.,
belonging to it.

2. The coal trade. [Obs.] Johnson.

COLLIFLOWER
Col"li*flow`er, n.

Defn: See Cauliflower.

COLLIGATE
Col"li*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Colligated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Colligating.] Etym: [L. colligatus, p. p. of colligare to collect;
co- + ligare to bind.]

1. To tie or bind together.
The pieces of isinglass are colligated in rows. Nicholson.

2. (Logic)

Defn: To bring together by colligation; to sum up in a single
proposition.
He had discovered and colligated a multitude of the most wonderful .
. . phenomena. Tundall.

COLLIGATE
Col"li*gate, a.

Defn: Bound together.

COLLIGATION
Col`li*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. colligatio.]

1. A binding together. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Logic)

Defn: That process by which a number of isolated facts are brought
under one conception, or summed up in a general proposition, as when
Kepler discovered that the various observed positions of the planet
Mars were points in an ellipse. "The colligation of facts." Whewell.
Colligation is not always induction, but induction is always
colligation. J. S. Mill.

COLLIMATE
Col"li*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collimated; p. p. & vb. n.
Collimating.] Etym: [See Collimation.] (Physics & Astron.)

Defn: To render parallel to a certain line or direction; to bring
into the same line, as the axes of telescopes, etc.; to render
parallel, as rays of light.

Collimating eyepiece, an eyepiece with a diagonal reflector for
illumination, used to determine the error of collimation in a transit
instrument by observing the image of a cross wire reflected from
mercury, and comparing its position in the field with that of the
same wire seen directly.
 -- Collimating lens (Optics), a lens used for producing parallel
rays of light.

COLLIMATION
Col`li*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. collimation, fr. a false reading
(collimare) for L. collineare to direct in a straight line; col- +
linea line. Cf. Collineation.]

Defn: The act of collimating; the adjustment of the line of the
sights, as the axial line of the telescope of an instrument, into its
proper position relative to the other parts of the instrument. Error
of collimation, the deviation of the line collimation of an
astronomical instrument from the position it ought to have with
respect to the axis of motion of the instrument.
 -- Line of collimation, the axial line of the telescope of an
astronomical or geodetic instrument, or the line which passes through
the optical center of the object glass and the intersection of the
cross wires at its focus.

COLLIMATOR
Col"li*ma`tor, n.

1. (Astron.)

Defn: A telescope arranged and used to determine errors of
collimation, both vertical and horizontal. Nichol.

2. (Optics)

Defn: A tube having a convex lens at one end and at the other a small
opening or slit which is at the principal focus of the lens, used for
producing a beam of parallel rays; also, a lens so used.

COLLIN
Col"lin, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A very pure form of gelatin.

COLLINE
Col"line, n. Etym: [F. colline, fr. L. collis a hill.]

Defn: A small hill or mount. [Obs.]
And watered park, full of fine collines and ponds. Evelyn.

COLLINEATION
Col*lin`e*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. collineare to direct in a straight
line. See Collimation.]

Defn: The act of aiming at, or directing in a line with, a fixed
object. [R.] Johnson.

COLLING
Coll"ing, n. Etym: [From Coll, v. t.]

Defn: An embrace; dalliance. [Obs.] Halliwell.

COLLINGLY
Coll"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With embraces. [Obs.] Gascoigne.

COLLINGUAL
Col*lin"gual, a.

Defn: Having, or pertaining to, the same language.

COLLIQUABLE
Col*liq"ua*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to melt, grow soft, or become fluid. [Obs.] Harvey.

COLLIQUAMENT
Col*liq"ua*ment, n.

Defn: The first rudiments of an embryo in generation. Dr. H. More.

COLLIQUATE
Col"li*quate, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Colliquated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Colliquating.] Etym: [Pref. col- + L. liquare, liquatum, to melt.]

Defn: To change from solid to fluid; to make or become liquid; to
melt. [Obs.]
The ore of it is colliquated by the violence of the fire. Boyle.
[Ice] will colliquate in water or warm oil. Sir T. Browne.

COLLIQUATION
Col`li*qua"tion, n.

1. A melting together; the act of melting; fusion.
When sand and ashes are well melted together and suffered to cool,
there is generated, by the colliquation, that sort of concretion we
call "glass". Boyle.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A processive wasting or melting away of the solid parts of the
animal system with copious excretions of liquids by one or more
passages. [Obs.]

COLLIQUATIVE
Col*liq"ua*tive, a.

Defn: Causing rapid waste or exhaustion; melting; as, collequative
sweats.

COLLIQUEFACTION
Col*liq`ue*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. colliquefactus melted; col- +
liquefacere; liquere to be liquid + facere to make.]

Defn: A melting together; the reduction of different bodies into one
mass by fusion.
The incorporation of metals by simple colliquefaction. Bacon.

COLLISH
Col"lish, n. (Shoemaking)

Defn: A tool to polish the edge of a sole. Knight.

COLLISION
Col*li"sion, n. Etym: [L. collisio, fr. collidere. See Collide.]

1. The act of striking together; a striking together, as of two hard
bodies; a violent meeting, as of railroad trains; a clashing.

2. A state of opposition; antagonism; interference.
The collision of contrary false principles. Bp. Warburton.
Sensitive to the most trifling collisions. W. Irving.

Syn.
 -- Conflict; clashing; encounter; opposition.

COLLISIVE
Col*li"sive, a.

Defn: Colliding; clashing. [Obs.]

COLLITIGANT
Col*lit"i*gant, a.

Defn: Disputing or wrangling. [Obs.] -- n.

Defn: One who litigates or wrangles. [Obs.]

COLLOCATE
Col"lo*cate, a. Etym: [L. collocatus, p. p. of collocare. See Couch.]

Defn: Set; placed. [Obs.] Bacon.

COLLOCATE
Col"lo*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collocated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Collocating.]

Defn: To set or place; to set; to station.
To marshal and collocate in order his battalions. E. Hall.

COLLOCATION
Col`lo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. collocatio.]

Defn: The act of placing; the state of being placed with something
else; disposition in place; arrangement.
The choice and collocation of words. Sir W. Jones.

COLLOCUTION
Col`lo*cu"tion, n. Etym: [L. collocutio, fr. colloqui, -locutum, to
converse; col- + loqui to speak. See Loquacious.]

Defn: A speaking or conversing together; conference; mutual
discourse. Bailey.

COLLOCUTOR
Col"lo*cu`tor, n. Etym: [L. collocutor]

Defn: One of the speakers in a dialogue. Derham.

COLLODION
Col*lo"di*on, n. Etym: [Gr. Colloid.] (Chem.)

Defn: A solution of pyroxylin (soluble gun cotton) in ether
containing a varying proportion of alcohol. It is strongly adhesive,
and is used by surgeons as a containing for wounds; but its chief
application is as a vehicle for the sensitive film in photography.
Collodion process (Photog.), a process in which a film of sensitized
collodion is used in preparing the plate for taking a picture.
 -- Styptic collodion, collodion containing an astringent, as tannin.

COLLODIONIZE
Col*lo"di*on*ize, v. t.

Defn: To prepare or treat with collodion. R. Hunt.

COLLODIOTYPE
Col*lo"di*o*type, n.

Defn: A picture obtained by the collodion process; a melanotype or
ambrotype.

COLLODIUM
Col*lo"di*um, n.

Defn: See Collodion.

COLLOGUE
Col*logue", v. i. Etym: [Cf. L. colloqui and E. dialogue. Cf.
Collocution.]

Defn: To talk or confer secretly and confidentially; to converse,
especially with evil intentions; to plot mischief. [Archaic or
Colloq.]
Pray go in; and, sister, salve the matter, Collogue with her again,
and all shall be well. Greene.
He had been colloguing with my wife. Thackeray.

COLLOID
Col"loid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid. Cf. Collodion.]

Defn: Resembling glue or jelly; characterized by a jellylike
appearance; gelatinous; as, colloid tumors.

COLLOID
Col"loid, n.

1. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A substance (as albumin, gum, gelatin, etc.) which is of a
gelatinous rather than a crystalline nature, and which diffuses
itself through animal membranes or vegetable parchment more slowly
than crystalloids do; -- opposed to crystalloid.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A gelatinous substance found in colloid degeneration and
colloid cancer. Styptic colloid (Med.), a preparation of astringent
and antiseptic substances with some colloid material, as collodion,
for ready use.

COLLOIDAL
Col*loid"al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, colloids.

COLLOIDALITY
Col`loi*dal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being colloidal.

COLLOP
Col"lop, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin; cf. OF. colp blow, stroke,
piece, F. coup, fr. L. colophus buffet, cuff, Gr. [Written also
colp.]

1. A small slice of meat; a piece of flesh.
God knows thou art a collop of my flesh. Shak.
Sweetbread and collops were with skewers pricked. Dryden.

2. A part or piece of anything; a portion.
Cut two good collops out of the crown land. Fuller.

COLLOPED
Col"loped, a.

Defn: Having ridges or bunches of flesh, like collops.
With that red, gaunt, and colloped neck astrain. R. Browning.

COLLOPHORE
Col"lo*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) A suckerlike organ at the base of the abdomen of insects
belonging to the Collembola.
(b) An adhesive marginal organ of the Lucernariae.

COLLOQUIAL
Col*lo"qui*al, a. Etym: [See Colloqui.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or used in, conversation, esp. common and
familiar conversation; conversational; hence, unstudied; informal;
as, colloquial intercourse; colloquial phrases; a colloquial style.
 -- Col*lo"qui*al*ly, adv.
His [Johnson's] colloquial talents were, indeed, of the highest
order. Macaulay.

COLLOQUIALISM
Col*lo"qui*al*ism, n.

Defn: A colloquial expression, not employed in formal discourse or
writing.

COLLOQUIALIZE
Col*lo"qui*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make colloquial and familiar; as, to colloquialize one's
style of writing.

COLLOQUIST
Col"lo*quist, n.

Defn: A speaker in a colloquy or dialogue. Malone.

COLLOQUY
Col"lo*quy, n.; pl. Colloquies. Etym: [L. colloquium. See
Collocution.]

1. Mutual discourse of two or more persons; conference; conversation.
They went to Worms, to the colloquy there about religion. A. Wood.

2. In some American colleges, a part in exhibitions, assigned for a
certain scholarship rank; a designation of rank in collegiate
scholarship.

COLLOTYPE
Col"lo*type, n. [Gr.  glue + -type.]

Defn: A photomechanical print made directly from a hardened film of
gelatin or other colloid; also, the process of making such prints.
According to one method, the film is sensitized with potassium
dichromate and exposed to light under a reversed negative. After the
dichromate has been washed out, the film is soaked in glycerin and
water. As this treatment causes swelling in those parts of the film
which have been acted on by light, a plate results from which
impressions can be taken with prepared ink. The albertype, phototype,
and heliotype are collotypes.

COLLOW
Col"low, n.

Defn: Soot; smut. See 1st Colly. [Obs.]

COLLUCTANCY
Col*luc"tan*cy, n. Etym: [L. colluctari to struggle with.]

Defn: A struggling to resist; a striving against; resistance;
opposition of nature. [Obs.]

COLLUCTATION
Col`luc*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. colluctatio, fr. colluctari to struggle
with; col- + luctari to struggle.]

Defn: A struggling; a contention. [Obs.]
Colluctation with old hags and hobgoblins. Dr. H. More.

COLLUDE
Col*lude", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Colluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Colluding.]
Etym: [L. colludere, -lusum; col- + ludere to play. See Ludicrous.]

Defn: To have secretly a joint part or share in an action; to play
into each other's hands; to conspire; to act in concert.
If they let things take their course, they will be represented as
colluding with sedition. Burke.

COLLUDER
Col*lud"er, n.

Defn: One who conspires in a fraud.

COLLUM
Col"lum, n.; pl. Colla. Etym: [L., neck.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A neck or cervix. Dunglison.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Collar. Gray.

COLLUSION
Col*lu"sion, n. Etym: [L. collusio: cf. F. collusion. See Collude.]

1. A secret agreement and cooperation for a fraudulent or deceitful
purpose; a playing into each other's hands; deceit; fraud; cunning.
The foxe, maister of collusion. Spenser.
That they [miracles] be done publicly, in the face of the world, that
there may be no room to suspect artifice and collusion. Atterbury.
By the ignorance of the merchants or dishonesty of the weavers, or
the collusion of both, the ware was bad and the price excessive.
Swift.

2. (Law)

Defn: An agreement between two or more persons to defraud a person of
his rights, by the forms of law, or to obtain an object forbidden by
law. Bouvier. Abbott.

Syn.
 -- Collusion, Connivance. A person who is guilty of connivance
intentionally overlooks, and thus sanctions what he was bound to
prevent. A person who is guilty of collusion unites with others
(playing into their hands) for fraudulent purposes.

COLLUSIVE
Col*lu"sive, a.

1. Characterized by collusion; done or planned in collusion.
"Collusive and sophistical arguings." J. Trapp. "Collusive divorces."
Strype.

2. Acting in collusion. "Collusive parties." Burke.
 -- Col*lu"sive*ly, adv.
 -- Col*lu"sive*ness, n.

COLLUSORY
Col*lu"so*ry, a. Etym: [L. collusorius.]

Defn: Collusive.

COLLUTORY
Col"lu*to*ry, n. Etym: [L. colluere, collutum, to wash.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicated wash for the mouth.

COLLUVIES
Col*lu"vi*es, n. [L., a collection of washings, dregs, offscourings,
fr. colluere to wash; col-+ luere to wash.]

1. A collection or gathering, as of pus, or rubbish, or odds and
ends.

2.  A medley; offscourings or rabble.

COLLY
Col"ly, n. Etym: [From Coal.]

Defn: The black grime or soot of coal. [Obs.] Burton.

COLLY
Col"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collied; p. pr. & vb. n. Collying.]

Defn: To render black or dark, as of with coal smut; to begrime.
[Archaic.]
Thou hast not collied thy face enough. B. Jonson.
Brief as the lighting in the collied night. Shak.

COLLY
Col"ly, n.

Defn: A kind of dog. See Collie.

COLLYBIST
Col"ly*bist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A money changer. [Obs.]
In the face of these guilty collybists. Bp. Hall.

COLLYRIUM
Col*lyr"i*um, n.; pl. E. Collyriums, L. Collyria. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.
(Med.)

Defn: An application to the eye, usually an eyewater.

COLOBOMA
Col`o*bo"ma, n. [NL. fr. Gr. , the part taken away in mutilation, fr.
to mutilate.] (Anat. & Med.)

Defn: A defect or malformation; esp., a fissure of the iris supposed
to be a persistent embryonic cleft.

COLOCOLO
Col`o*co"lo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American wild cat (Felis colocolo), of the size of the
ocelot.

COLOCYNTH
Col"ocynth, n. Etym: [L. colocynthis, Gr. Coloquintida.] (Med.)

Defn: The light spongy pulp of the fruit of the bitter cucumber
(Citrullus, or Cucumis, colocynthis), an Asiatic plant allied to the
watermelon; coloquintida. It comes in white balls, is intensely
bitter, and a powerful cathartic. Called also bitter apple, bitter
cucumber, bitter gourd.

COLOCYNTHIN
Col`o*cyn"thin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. colocynthine.] (Chem.)

Defn: The active medicinal principle of colocynth; a bitter, yellow,
crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside.

COLOGNE
Co*logne", n. Etym: [Originally made in Cologne, the French name of
Köln, a city in Germany.]

Defn: A perfumed liquid, composed of alcohol and certain aromatic
oils, used in the toilet; -- called also cologne water and eau de
cologne.

COLOGNE EARTH
Co*logne" earth`. Etym: [From Cologne the city.] (Min.)

Defn: An earth of a deep brown color, containing more vegetable than
mineral matter; an earthy variety of lignite, or brown coal.

COLOMBIER
Col"om*bier, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A large size of paper for drawings. See under Paper.

COLOMBIN
Co*lom"bin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Calumbin.

COLOMBO
Co*lom"bo, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Calumba.

COLON
Co"lon, n. Etym: [L. colon, colum, limb, member, the largest of the
intestines, fr. Gr. colon. Cf. Colic.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: That part of the large intestines which extends from the cæcum
to the rectum.

Note: [See Illust of Digestion.]

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A point or character, formed thus [:], used to separate parts
of a sentence that are complete in themselves and nearly independent,
often taking the place of a conjunction.

COLONEL
Colo"nel, n. Etym: [F. colonel, It. colonello, prop., the chief or
commander of a column, fr. colonna column, L. columna. See Column.]
(Mil.)

Defn: The chief officer of a regiment; an officer ranking next above
a lieutenant colonel and next below a brigadier general.

COLONELCY
Colo"nel*cy, n. (Mil.)

Defn: The office, rank, or commission of a colonel.

COLONELSHIP
Colo"nel*ship, n.

Defn: Colonelcy. Swift.

COLONER
Col"o*ner, n.

Defn: A colonist. [Obs.] Holland

COLONIAL
Co*lo"ni*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. colonial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a colony; as, colonial rights, traffic,
wars.

COLONIALISM
Co*lo"ni*al*ism, n.

1. The state or quality of, or the relationship involved in, being
colonial.

The last tie of colonialism which bound us to the mother country is
broken.
Brander Matthews.

2.  A custom, idea, feature of government, or the like,
characteristic of a colony.

3.  The colonial system or policy in political government or
extension of territory.

COLONICAL
Co*lon"i*cal, a. Etym: [L. colonus husbandman.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to husbandmen. [Obs.]

COLONIST
Col"o*nist, n.

Defn: A member or inhabitant of a colony.

COLONITIS
Col`o*ni"tis, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Colitis.

COLONIZATION
Col`o*ni*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. colonisation.]

Defn: Tha act of colonizing, or the state of being colonized; the
formation of a colony or colonies.
The wide continent of America invited colonization. Bancroft.

COLONIZATIONIST
Col`o*ni*za"tion*ist, n.

Defn: A friend to colonization, esp. (U. S. Hist) to the colonization
of Africa by emigrants from the colored population of the United
States.

COLONIZE
Col"o*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Colonized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Colonizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. coloniser.]

Defn: To plant or establish a colony or colonies in; to people with
colonists; to migrate to and settle in. Bacon.
They that would thus colonize the stars with inhabitants. Howell.

COLONIZE
Col"o*nize, v. i.

Defn: To remove to, and settle in, a distant country; to make a
colony. C. Buchanan.

COLONIZER
Col"o*ni`zer, n.

Defn: One who promotes or establishes a colony; a colonist. Bancroft.

COLONNADE
Col`on*nade", n. Etym: [F. colonnade, It. colonnata, fr. colonna
column. See Colonel.] (Arch.)

Defn: A series or range of columns placed at regular intervals with
all the adjuncts, as entablature, stylobate, roof, etc.

Note: When in front of a building, it is called a portico; when
surrounding a building or an open court or square, a peristyle.

COLONY
Col"o*ny, n.; pl. Colonies. Etym: [L. colonia, fr. colonus farmer,
fr. colere to cultivate, dwell: cf. F. colonie. Cf. Culture.]

1. A company of people transplanted from their mother country to a
remote province or country, and remaining subject to the jurisdiction
of the parent state; as, the British colonies in America.
The first settlers of New England were the best of Englishmen, well
educated, devout Christians, and zealous lovers of liberty. There was
never a colony formed of better materials. Ames.

2. The district or country colonized; a settlement.

3. A company of persons from the same country sojourning in a foreign
city or land; as, the American colony in Paris.

4. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: A number of animals or plants living or growing together,
beyond their usual range.

COLOPHANY
Col"o*pha`ny ( or ), n.

Defn: See Colophony.

COLOPHENE
Co"lo*phene ( or ), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, oily liquid, formerly obtained by distillation of
colophony. It is regarded as a polymeric form of terebenthene. Called
also diterebene.

COLOPHON
Col"o*phon, n. Etym: [L. colophon finishing stroke, Gr. culmen top,
collis hill. Cf. Holm.]

Defn: An inscription, monogram, or cipher, containing the place and
date of publication, printer's name, etc., formerly placed on the
last page of a book.
The colophon, or final description, fell into disuse, and . . . the
title page had become the principal direct means of identifying the
book. De Morgan.
The book was uninjured from title page to colophon. Sir W. Scott.

COLOPHONITE
Col"o*pho*nite ( or ), n. Etym: [Cf. F. colophonite. So named from
its resemblance to the color of colophony.] (Min.)

Defn: A coarsely granular variety of garnet.

COLOPHONY
Col"o*pho`ny ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Rosin.

COLOQUINTIDA
Col`o*quin"ti*da, n.

Defn: See Colocynth. Shak.

COLOR
Col"or, n. [Written also colour.] Etym: [OF. color, colur, colour, F.
couleur, L. color; prob. akin to celare to conceal (the color taken
as that which covers). See Helmet.]

1. A property depending on the relations of light to the eye, by
which individual and specific differences in the hues and tints of
objects are apprehended in vision; as, gay colors; sad colors, etc.

Note: The sensation of color depends upon a peculiar function of the
retina or optic nerve, in consequence of which rays of light produce
different effects according to the length of their waves or
undulations, waves of a certain length producing the sensation of
red, shorter waves green, and those still shorter blue, etc. White,
or ordinary, light consists of waves of various lengths so blended as
to produce no effect of color, and the color of objects depends upon
their power to absorb or reflect a greater or less proportion of the
rays which fall upon them.

2. Any hue distinguished from white or black.

3. The hue or color characteristic of good health and spirits; ruddy
complexion.
Give color to my pale cheek. Shak.

4. That which is used to give color; a paint; a pigment; as, oil
colors or water colors.

5. That which covers or hides the real character of anything;
semblance; excuse; disguise; appearance.
They had let down the boat into the sea, under color as though they
would have cast anchors out of the foreship. Acts xxvii. 30.
That he should die is worthy policy; But yet we want a color for his
death. Shak.

6. Shade or variety of character; kind; species.
Boys and women are for the most part cattle of this color. Shak.

7. A distinguishing badge, as a flag or similar symbol (usually in
the plural); as, the colors or color of a ship or regiment; the
colors of a race horse (that is, of the cap and jacket worn by the
jockey).
In the United States each regiment of infantry and artillery has two
colors, one national and one regimental. Farrow.

8. (Law)

Defn: An apparent right; as where the defendant in trespass gave to
the plaintiff an appearance of title, by stating his title specially,
thus removing the cause from the jury to the court. Blackstone.

Note: Color is express when it is asverred in the pleading, and
implied when it is implied in the pleading. Body color. See under
Body.
 -- Color blindness, total or partial inability to distinguish or
recognize colors. See Daltonism.
 -- Complementary color, one of two colors so related to each other
that when blended together they produce white light; -- so called
because each color makes up to the other what it lacks to make it
white. Artificial or pigment colors, when mixed, produce effects
differing from those of the primary colors, in consequence of partial
absorption.
 -- Of color (as persons, races, etc.), not of the white race; --
commonly meaning, esp. in the United States, of negro blood, pure or
mixed.
 -- Primary colors, those developed from the solar beam by the prism,
viz., red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet, which are
reduced by some authors to three, -- red, green, and violet-blue.
These three are sometimes called fundamental colors.
 -- Subjective or Accidental color, a false or spurious color seen in
some instances, owing to the persistence of the luminous impression
upon the retina, and a gradual change of its character, as where a
wheel perfectly white, and with a circumference regulary subdiveded,
is made to revolve rapidly over a dark object, the teeth, of the
wheel appear to the eye of different shades of color varying with the
rapidity of rotation. See Accidental colors, under Accidental.

COLOR
Col"or, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Colored; p. pr. & vb. n. Coloring.] Etym:
[F. colorer.]

1. To change or alter the bue or tint of, by dyeing, staining,
painting, etc.; to dye; to tinge; to aint; to stain.
The rays, to speak properly, are not colored; in them there is
nothing else than a certain power and disposition to stir up a
sensation of this or that color. Sir I. Newton.

2. To change or alter, as if by dyeing or painting; to give a false
appearance to; usually, to give a specious appearance to; to cause to
appear attractive; to make plausible; to palliate or excuse; as, the
facts were colored by his prejudices.
He colors the falsehood of Æneas by an express command from Jupiter
to forsake the queen. Dryden.

3. To hide. [Obs.]
That by his fellowship he color might Both his estate and love from
skill of any wight. Spenser.

COLOR
Col"or, v. i.

Defn: To acquire color; to turn red, especially in the face; to
blush.

COLORABLE
Col"or*a*ble, a.

Defn: Specious; plausible; having an appearance of right or justice.
"Colorable pretense for infidility." Bp. Stillingfleet.
 -- Col"or*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Col"or*a*bly, adv.
Colorable and subtle crimes, that seldom are taken within the walk of
human justice. Hooker.

COLORADO BEETLE
Col`o*ra"do bee"tle. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A yellowish beetle (Doryphora decemlineata), with ten
longitudinal, black, dorsal stripes. It has migrated eastwards from
its original habitat in Colorado, and is very destructive to the
potato plant; -- called also potato beetle and potato bug. See Potato
beetle.

COLORADO GROUP
Col`o*ra"do group. (Geol.)

Defn: A subdivision of the cretaceous formation of western North
America, especially developed in Colorado and the upper Missouri
region.

COLORADOITE
Col`o*ra"do*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Mercury telluride, an iron-black metallic mineral, found in
Colorado.

COLORATE
Col"or*ate, a. Etym: [L. coloratus, p. p. of colorare to color.]

Defn: Colored. [Obs.] Ray.

COLORATION
Col`or*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act or art of coloring; the state of being colored. Bacon.
The females . . . resemble each other in their general type of
coloration. Darwin.

COLORATURE
Col"or*a*ture, n. Etym: [Cf. G. coloratur, fr. LL. coloratura.]
(Mus.)

Defn: Vocal music colored, as it were, by florid ornaments, runs, or
rapid passages.

COLOR-BLIND
Col"or-blind, a.

Defn: Affected with color blindness. See Color blindness, under
Color, n.

COLORED
Col"ored, a.

1. Having color; tinged; dyed; painted; stained.
The lime rod, colored as the glede. Chaucer.
The colored rainbow arched wide. Spenser.

2. Specious; plausible; aborned so as to appear well; as, a highly
colored description. Sir G. C. Lewis.
His colored crime with craft to cloke. Spenser.

3. Of some other color than black or white.

4. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Of some other color than white; specifically applied to negroes
or persons having negro blood; as, a colored man; the colored people.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: Of some other color than green.
Colored, meaning, as applied to foliage, of some other color than
green. Gray.

Note: In botany, green is not regarded as a color, but white is.
Wood.

COLORIFIC
Col`or*if"ic, a. Etym: [L. color color + facere to make: cf. F.
colorifique.]

Defn: Capable of communicating color or tint to other bodies.

COLORIMETER
Col`or*im"e*ter, n. Etym: [Color + -meter: cf. F. colorimètre.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the depth of the color of anything,
especially of a liquid, by comparison with a standard liquid.

COLORIMETRY
Col`or*im"e*try, n. [See Colorimeter.]

1.

Defn: The quantitative determination of the depth of color of a
substance.

2.  A method of quantitative chemical analysis based upon the
comparison of the depth of color of a solution with that of a
standard liquid.

COLORING
Col"or*ing, n.

1. The act of applying color to; also, that which produces color.

2. Change of appearance as by addition of color; appearance; show;
disguise; misrepresentation.
Tell the whole story without coloring or gloss. Compton Reade.
Dead coloring. See under Dead.

COLORIST
Col"or*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. coloriste.]

Defn: One who colors; an artist who excels in the use of colors; one
to whom coloring is of prime importance.
Titian, Paul Veronese, Van Dyck, and the rest of the good colorists.
Dryden.

COLORLESS
Col"or*less, a.

1. Without color; not distinguished by any hue; transparent; as,
colorless water.

2. Free from any manifestation of partial or peculiar sentiment or
feeling; not disclosing likes, dislikes, prejudice, etc.; as,
colorless music; a colorless style; definitions should be colorless.

COLORMAN
Col"or*man, n.; pl. Colormen.

Defn: A vender of paints, etc. Simmonds.

COLOR SERGEANT
Col"or ser"geant.

Defn: See under Sergeant.

COLOSSAL
Co*los"sal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. cossal, L. colosseus. See Colossus.]

1. Of enormous size; gigantic; huge; as, a colossal statue. "A
colossal stride." Motley.

2. (Sculpture & Painting)

Defn: Of a size larger than heroic. See Heroic.

COLOSSEAN
Col`os*se"an, a.

Defn: Colossal. [R.]

COLOSSEUM
Col`os*se"um, n. Etym: [Neut., fr. L. coloseus gigantic. See
Coliseum.]

Defn: The amphitheater of Vespasian in Rome. [Also written Coliseum.]

COLOSSUS
Co*los"sus, n.; pl. L. Colossi, E. Colossuses. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. A statue of gigantic size. The name was especially applied to
certain famous statues in antiquity, as the Colossus of Nero in Rome,
the Colossus of Apollo at Rhodes.
He doth bestride the narrow world Like a colossus. Shak.

Note: There is no authority for the statement that the legs of the
Colossus at Rhodes extended over the mouth of the harbor. Dr. Wm.
Smith.

2. Any man or beast of gigantic size.

COLOSTRUM
Co*los"trum, n. Etym: [L., biestings.] (Med.)
(a) The first milk secreted after delivery; biestings.
(b) A mixture of turpentine and the yolk of an egg, formerly used as
an emulsion.

COLOTOMY
Co*lot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: An operation for opening the colon

COLOUR
Col"our, n.

Defn: See Color.

COLP
Colp, n.

Defn: See Collop.

COLPORTAGE
Col"por`tage, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The distribution of religious books, tracts, etc., by
colporteurs.

COLPORTER
Col"por`ter, n.

Defn: Same as Colporteur.

COLPORTEUR
Col"por`teur, n. Etym: [F. colporteur one who carries on his neck,
fr. colporter to carry on one's neck; col (L. collum) neck + porter
(L. portare) to carry.]

Defn: A hawker; specifically, one who travels about selling and
distributing religious tracts and books.

COLSTAFF
Col"staff`, n. Etym: [F. col neck + E. staff. Cf. Coll.]

Defn: A staff by means of which a burden is borne by two persons on
their shoulders.

COLT
Colt (; 110), n. Etym: [OE. colt a young horse, ass, or camel, AS.
colt; cf. dial. Sw. kullt a boy, lad.]

1. The young of the equine genus or horse kind of animals; --
sometimes distinctively applied to the male, filly being the female.
Cf. Foal.

Note: In sporting circles it is usual to reckon the age of colts from
some arbitrary date, as from January 1, or May 1, next preceding the
birth of the animal.

2. A young, foolish fellow. Shak.

3. A short knotted rope formerly used as an instrument of punishment
in the navy. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Colt's tooth, an imperfect or
superfluous tooth in young horses.
 -- To cast one's colt's tooth, to cease from youthful wantonness.
"Your colt's tooth is not cast yet." Shak.
 -- To have a colt's tooth, to be wanton. Chaucer.

COLT
Colt (; 110), v. i.

Defn: To frisk or frolic like a colt; to act licentiously or
wantonly. [Obs.]
They shook off their bridles and began to colt. Spenser.

COLT
Colt, v. t.

1. To horse; to get with young. Shak.

2. To befool. [Obs.] Shak.

COLTER
Col"ter, n. Etym: [AS. culter, fr. L. culter plowshare, knife. Cf.
Cutlass.]

Defn: A knife or cutter, attached to the beam of a plow to cut the
sward, in advance of the plowshare and moldboard. [Written also
coulter.]

COLTISH
Colt"ish, a.

Defn: Like a colt; wanton; frisky.
He was all coltish, full of ragery. Chaucer.
-- Colt"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Colt"ish*ness, n.

COLT PISTOL
Colt pistol. (Firearms)

Defn: A self-loading or semi-automatic pistol with removable magazine
in the handle holding seven cartridges. The recoil extracts and
ejects the empty cartridge case, and reloads ready for another shot.
Called also Browning, and Colt-Browning, pistol.

COLT REVOLVER
Colt revolver. (Firearms)

Defn: A revolver made according to a system using a patented
revolving cylinder, holding six cartridges, patented by Samuel Colt,
an American inventor, in 1835. With various modifications, it has for
many years been the standard for the United States army.

COLTSFOOT
Colts"foot`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial herb (Tussilago Farfara), whose leaves and
rootstock are sometimes employed in medicine. Butterbur coltsfoot
(Bot.), a European plant (Petasites vulgaris).

COLT'S TOOTH
Colt's" tooth`.

Defn: See under Colt.

COLUBER
Col"u*ber, n. Etym: [L., a serpent.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of harmless serpents.

Note: Linnæus placed in this genus all serpents, whether venomous or
not, whose scales beneath the tail are arranged in pairs; but by
modern writers it is greatly restricted.

COLUBRINE
Col"u*brine, a. Etym: [L. colubrinus.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: like or related to snakes of the genus Coluber.

2. Like a snake; cunning; crafty. Johnson.

COLUGO
Co*lu"go, n. Etym: [Prob. an aboriginal name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar East Indian mammal (Galleopithecus volans), having
along the sides, connecting the fore and hind limbs, a parachutelike
membrane, by means of which it is able to make long leaps, like the
flying squirrel; -- called also flying lemur.

COLUMBA
Co*lum"ba, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Calumba.

COLUMBAE
Co*lum"bæ, n. pl.; Etym: [L. columba pigeon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of birds, including the pigeons.

COLUMBARIUM
Col`um*ba"ri*um, n.; pl. L. Columbaria Etym: [L. See Columbary.]
(Rom. Antiq.)
(a) A dovecote or pigeon house.
(b) A sepulchral chamber with niches for holding cinerary urns.

COLUMBARY
Col"um*ba*ry, n.; pl. Columbaries. Etym: [L. columbarium, fr. columba
a dove.]

Defn: A dovecote; a pigeon house. Sir T. Browne.

COLUMBATE
Co*lum"bate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. colombate. See Columbium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of columbic acid; a niobate. See Columbium.

COLUMBATZ FLY
Co*lum"batz fly`. Etym: [From Kolumbatz, a mountain in Germany.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: See Buffalo fly, under Buffalo.

COLUMBELLA
Col`um*bel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. columba a dove. So called
from a fancied resemblance in color and form, of some species.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of univale shells, abundant in tropical seas. Some
species, as Columbella mercatoria, were formerly used as shell money.

COLUMBIA
Co*lum"bi*a, n.

Defn: America; the United States; -- a poetical appellation given in
honor of Columbus, the discoverer. Dr. T. Dwight.

COLUMBIAD
Co*lum"bi*ad, n. Etym: [From Columbia the United States.] (Mil.)

Defn: A form of seacoast cannon; a long, chambered gun designed for
throwing shot or shells with heavy charges of powder, at high angles
of elevation.

Note: Since the War of 1812 the Columbiad has been much modified form
now used in seacoast defense is often called the Rodman gun.

COLUMBIAN
Co*lum"bi*an, a. Etym: [From Columbia.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the United States, or to America.

COLUMBIC
Co*lum"bic, a. Etym: [From Columbium.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, columbium or niobium; niobic.
Columbic acid (Chem.), a weak acid derived from columbic or niobic
oxide, Nb2O5; -- called also niobic acid.

COLUMBIC
Co*lum"bic, a. Etym: [From Columbo.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the columbo root. Columbic acid
(Chem.), an organic acid extracted from the columbo root as a bitter,
yellow, amorphous substance.

COLUMBIER
Co*lum"bi*er, n.

Defn: See Colombier.

COLUMBIFEROUS
Col"um*bif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Columbium + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing or containing columbium.

COLUMBIN
Co*lum"bin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline, bitter substance. See Calumbin.

COLUMBINE
Col"um*bine, a. Etym: [L. columbinus, fr. columba dove.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a dove; dovelike; dove-colored. "Columbine
innocency." Bacon.

COLUMBINE
Col"um*bine, n. Etym: [LL. columbina, L. columbinus dovelike, fr.
columba dove: cf. F. colombine. Perh. so called from the beaklike
spurs of its flowers.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of several species of the genus Aquilegia; as, A.
vulgaris, or the common garden columbine; A. Canadensis, the wild red
columbine of North America.

2. The mistress or sweetheart of Harlequin in pantomimes. Brewer.

COLUMBITE
Co*lum"bite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. colombite. See Columbium.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a black color, submetallic luster, and high
specific specific gravity. It is a niobate (or columbate) of iron and
manganese, containing tantalate of iron; -- first found in New
England.

COLUMBIUM
Co*lum"bi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Columbia America.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare element of the vanadium group, first found in a variety
of the mineral columbite occurring in Connecticut, probably at
Haddam. Atomic weight 94.2. Symbol Cb or Nb. Now more commonly called
niobium.

COLUMBO
Co*lum"bo, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Calumba.

COLUMBUS DAY
Co*lum"bus Day.

Defn: The 12th day of October, on which day in 1492 Christopher
Columbus discovered America, landing on one of the Bahama Islands
(probably the one now commonly called Watling Island), and naming it
"San Salvador"; -- called also Discovery Day. This day is made a
legal holiday in many States of The United States.

COLUMELLA
Col`u*mel"la, n. Etym: [L., dim. of columen column. See Column.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) An axis to which a carpel of a compound pistil may be attached,
as in the case of the geranium; or which is left when a pod opens.
(b) A columnlike axis in the capsule of mosses.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A term applied to various columnlike parts; as, the columnella,
or epipterygoid bone, in the skull of many lizards; the columella of
the ear, the bony or cartilaginous rod connecting the tympanic
membrane with the internal ear.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) The upright pillar in the axis of most univalve shells.
(b) The central pillar or axis of the calicles of certain corals.

COLUMELLIFORM
Col`u*mel"li*form, a. Etym: [Columella + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like a little column, or columella.

COLUMN
Col"umn, n. Etym: [L. columna, fr. columen, culmen, fr. cellere (used
only in comp.), akin to E. excel, and prob. to holm. See Holm, and
cf. Colonel.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A kind of pillar; a cylindrical or polygonal support for a
roof, ceiling, statue, etc., somewhat ornamented, and usually
composed of base, shaft, and capital. See Order.

2. Anything resembling, in form or position, a column an
architecture; an upright body or mass; a shaft or obelisk; as, a
column of air, of water, of mercury, etc. ; the Column Vendôme; the
spinal column.

3. (Mil.)
(a) A body of troops formed in ranks, one behind the other; --
contradistinguished from line. Compare Ploy, and Deploy.
(b) A small army.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A number of ships so arranged as to follow one another in
single or double file or in squadrons; -- in distinction from "line",
where they are side by side.

5. (Print.)

Defn: A perpendicular set of lines, not extending across the page,
and separated from other matter by a rule or blank space; as, a
column in a newspaper.

6. (Arith.)

Defn: A perpendicular line of figures.

7. (Bot.)

Defn: The body formed by the union of the stamens in the Mallow
family, or of the stamens and pistil in the orchids. Attached column.
See under Attach, v. t.
 -- Clustered column. See under Cluster, v. t.
 -- Column rule, a thin strip of brass separating columns of type in
the form, and making a line between them in printing.

COLUMNAR
Co*lum"*nar, a. Etym: [L. columnaris, fr. columna.]

Defn: Formed in columns; having the form of a column or columns; like
the shaft of a column. Columnar epithelium (Anat.), epithelium in
which the cells are priismatic in form, and set upright on the
surface they cover.
 -- Columnar structure (Geol.), a structure consisting of more or
less regular columns, usually six-sided, but sometimes with eight or
more sides. The columns are often fractured transversely, with a cup
joint, showing a concave surface above. This structure is
characteristic of certain igneous rocks, as basalt, and is due to
contraction in cooling.

COLUMNARITY
Col`um*nar"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being columnar.

COLUMNATED
Co*lum"na*ted, a.

Defn: Having columns; as, columnated temples.

COLUMNED
Col"umned, a.

Defn: Having columns.
Troas and Ilion's columned citadel. Tennyson.

COLUMNIATION
Co*lum`ni*a"tion, n.

Defn: The employment or arrangement of columns in a structure. Gwilt.

COLURE
Co*lure", n.; pl. Colures. Etym: [F. colure, L. coluri, pl., fr. Gr.
(Astron. & Geog.)

Defn: One of two great circles intersecting at right angles in the
poles of the equator. One of them passes through the equinoctial
points, and hence is denominated the equinoctial colure; the other
intersects the equator at the distance of 90º from the former, and is
called the solstitial colure.
Thrice the equinoctial line He circled; four times crossed the car of
night From pole to pole, traversing each colure. Milton.

COLY
Co"ly, n.; pl. Colies. Etym: [NL. colius, prob. fr. Gr.

Defn: Any bird of the genus Colius and allied genera. They inhabit
Africa.

COLZA
Col"za, n. Etym: [F., fr. D. koolzaad, prob., cabbage seed; kool
(akin to E. cole) + zaad akin to E. seed.] (Bot.)

Defn: A variety of cabbage (Brassica oleracea), cultivated for its
seeds, which yield an oil valued for illuminating and lubricating
purposes; summer rape.

COM-
Com-.

Defn: A prefix from the Latin preposition cum, signifying with,
together, in conjunction, very, etc. It is used in the form com-
before b, m, p, and sometimes f, and by assimilation becomes col-
before l, cor- before r, and con- before any consonant except b, h,
l, m, p, r, and w. Before a vowel com- becomes co-; also before h, w,
and sometimes before other consonants.

COMA
Co"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Cemetery.]

Defn: A state of profound insensibility from which it is difficult or
impossible to rouse a person. See Carus.

COMA
Co"ma, n. Etym: [L., hair, fr. Gr.

1. (Astron.)

Defn: The envelope of a comet; a nebulous covering, which surrounds
the nucleus or body of a comet.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A tuft or bunch, -- as the assemblage of branches forming the
head of a tree; or a cluster of brachts when empty and terminating
the inflorescence of a plant; or a tuft of long hairs on certain
seeds. Coma Berenices ( Etym: [L.] (Astron.), a small constellation
north of Virgo; -- called also Berenice's Hair.

COMANCHES
Co*man"ches ( or ), n. pl.; sing. Comanche ( or ) . (Ethnol.)

Defn: A warlike, savage, and nomadic tribe of the Shoshone family of
Indians, inhabiting Mexico and the adjacent parts of the United
States; -- called also Paducahs. They are noted for plundering and
cruelty.

COMART
Co"mart`, n.

Defn: A covenant. [Obs.] Shak.

COMATE
Co"mate, a. Etym: [L. comatus, fr. comare to clothe with hair, fr.
coma hair.]

Defn: Encompassed with a coma, or bushy appearance, like hair; hairy.

CO-MATE
Co"-mate`, n. Etym: [Pref. co- + mate.]

Defn: A companion. Shak.

COMATOSE
Co"ma*tose` ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [From Coma lethargy.]

Defn: Relating to, or resembling, coma; drowsy; lethargic; as,
comatose sleep; comatose fever.

COMATOUS
Co"ma*tous, a.

Defn: Comatose.

COMATULA
Co*mat"u*la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. comatulus having hair neatly
curled, dim. fr. coma hair.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A crinoid of the genus Antedon and related genera. When young
they are fixed by a stem. When adult they become detached and cling
to seaweeds, etc., by their dorsal cirri; -- called also feather
stars.

COMATULID
Co*mat"u*lid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any crinoid of the genus Antedon or allied genera.

COMB
Comb (; 110), n. Etym: [AS.. camb; akin to Sw., Dan., & D. kam, Icel.
kambr, G. kamm, Gr. jambha tooth.]

1. An instrument with teeth, for straightening, cleansing, and
adjusting the hair, or for keeping it in place.

2. An instrument for currying hairy animals, or cleansing and
smoothing their coats; a currycomb.

3. (Manuf. & Mech.)
(a) A toothed instrument used for separating and cleansing wool,
flax, hair, etc.
(b) The serrated vibratory doffing knife of a carding machine.
(c) A former, commonly cone-shaped, used in hat manufacturing for
hardening the soft fiber into a bat.
(d) A tool with teeth, used for chasing screws on work in a lathe; a
chaser.
(e) The notched scale of a wire micrometer.
(f) The collector of an electrical machine, usually resembling a
comb.

4. (Zoöl.)
(a) The naked fleshy crest or caruncle on the upper part of the bill
or hood of a cock or other bird. It is usually red.
(b) One of a pair of peculiar organs on the base of the abdomen of
scorpions.

5. The curling crest of a wave.

6. The waxen framework forming the walls of the cells in which bees
store their honey, eggs, etc.; honeycomb. "A comb of honey." Wyclif.
When the bee doth leave her comb. Shak.

7. The thumbpiece of the hammer of a gunlock, by which it may be
cocked.

COMB
Comb, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Combed; p. pr. & vb. n. Combing.]

Defn: To disentangle, cleanse, or adjust, with a comb; to lay smooth
and straight with, or as with, a comb; as, to comb hair or wool. See
under Combing.
Comb down his hair; look, look! it stands upright. Shak.

COMB
Comb, v. i. Etym: [See Comb, n., 5.] (Naut.)

Defn: To roll over, as the top or crest of a wave; to break with a
white foam, as waves.

COMB; COMBE
Comb, Combe ( or ), n. Etym: [AS. comb, prob. of Celtic origin; cf.
W. cwm a dale, valley.]

Defn: That unwatered portion of a valley which forms its continuation
beyond and above the most elevated spring that issues into it.
[Written also coombe.] Buckland.
A gradual rise the shelving combe Displayed. Southey.

COMB
Comb, n.

Defn: A dry measure. See Coomb.

COMBAT
Com"bat ( or ; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Combated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Combating.] Etym: [F. combattre; pref. com- + battre to beat, fr. L.
battuere to strike. See Batter.]

Defn: To struggle or contend, as with an opposing force; to fight.
To combat with a blind man I disdain. Milton.
After the fall of the republic, the Romans combated only for the
choice of masters. Gibbon.

COMBAT
Com"bat, v. t.

Defn: To fight with; to oppose by force, argument, etc.; to contend
against; to resist.
When he the ambitious Norway combated. Shak.
And combated in silence all these reasons. Milton.
Minds combat minds, repelling and repelled. Goldsmith.

Syn.
 -- To fight against; resist; oppose; withstand; oppugn; antagonize;
repel; resent.

COMBAT
Com"bat, n. Etym: [Cf. F. combat.]

1. A fight; a contest of violence; a struggle for supremacy.
My courage try by combat, if thou dar'st. Shak.
The noble combat that 'twixt joy and sorrow was fought in Paulina.
Shak.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: An engagement of no great magnitude; or one in which the
parties engaged are not armies. Single combat, one in which a single
combatant meets a single opponent, as in the case of David and
Goliath; also a duel.

Syn.
 -- A battle; engagement; conflict; contest; contention; struggle;
fight, strife. See Battle, Contest.

COMBATABLE
Com"bat*a*ble ( or ), a. Etym: [Cf. F. combattable.]

Defn: Such as can be, or is liable to be, combated; as, combatable
foes, evils, or arguments.

COMBATANT
Com"bat*ant, a. Etym: [F. combattant, p. pr.]

Defn: Contending; disposed to contend. B. Jonson.

COMBATANT
Com"bat*ant, n. Etym: [F. combattant.]

Defn: One who engages in combat. "The mighty combatants." Milton.
A controversy which long survived the original combatants. Macaulay

COMBATER
Com"bat*er, n.

Defn: One who combats. Sherwood.

COMBATIVE
Com"bat*ive or

Defn: (

COMBATIVENESS
Com"bat*ive*ness, n.

1. The quality of being combative; propensity to contend or to
quarrel.

2. (Phren.)

Defn: A cranial development supposed to indicate a combative
disposition.

COMBATTANT
Com`bat`tant", a. Etym: [F.] (Her.)

Defn: In the position of fighting; -- said of two lions set face to
face, each rampant.

COMBBROACH
Comb"broach`, n.

Defn: A tooth of a wool comb. [Written also combrouch.]

COMBE
Combe ( or ), n.

Defn: See Comb.

COMBER
Comb"er, n.

1. One who combs; one whose occupation it is to comb wool, flax, etc.
Also, a machine for combing wool, flax, etc.

2. A long, curling wave.

COMBER
Com"ber, v. t.

Defn: To cumber. [Obs.] Spenser.

COMBER
Com"ber, n.

Defn: Encumbrance. [Obs.]

COMBER
Com"ber, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cabrilla. Also, a name applied to a species of wrasse.
[Prov. Eng.]

COMBINABLE
Com*bin"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. combinable.]

Defn: Capable of combinding; consistent with. [R.] M. Arnold.
 -- Com*bin"a*ble*ness, n.

COMBINATE
Com"bi*nate, a. Etym: [LL. combinatus, p. p.]

Defn: United; joined; betrothed. [R.]

COMBINATION
Com`bi*na"tion, n. Etym: [LL. combinatio. See Combine.]

1. The act or process of combining or uniting persons and things.
Making new compounds by new combinations. Boyle.
A solemn combination shall be made Of our dear souls. Shak.

2. The result of combining or uniting; union of persons or things;
esp. a union or alliance of persons or states to effect some purpose;
-- usually in a bad sense.
A combination of the most powerful men in Rome who had conspired my
ruin. Melmoth.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of uniting by chemical affinity, by which
substances unite with each other in definite proportions by weight to
form distinct compounds.

4. pl. (Math.)

Defn: The different arrangements of a number of objects, as letters,
into groups.

Note: In combinations no regard is paid to the order in which the
objects are arranged in each group, while in variations and
permutations this order is respected. Brande & C. Combination car, a
railroad car containing two or more compartments used for different
purposes. [U. S.] -- Combination lock, a lock in which the mechanism
is controlled by means of a movable dial (sometimes by several dials
or rings) inscribed with letters or other characters. The bolt of the
lock can not be operated until after the dial has been so turned as
to combine the characters in a certain order or succession.
 -- Combination room, in the University of Cambridge, Eng., a room
into which the fellows withdraw after dinner, for wine, dessert, and
conversation.
 -- Combination by volume (Chem.), the act, process, or ratio by
which gaseous elements and compounds unite in definite proportions by
volume to form distinct compounds.
 -- Combination by weight (Chem.), the act, process, or ratio, in
which substances unite in proportions by weight, relatively fixed and
exact, to form distinct compounds. See Law of definite proportions,
under Definite.

Syn.
 -- Cabal; alliance; association; league; union; confederacy;
coalition; conspiracy. See Cabal.

COMBINE
Com*bine", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Combined; p. pr. & vb. n. Combining.]
Etym: [LL. combinare, combinatum; L. com- + binus, pl. bini, two and
two, double: cf. F. combiner. See Binary.]

1. To unite or join; to link closely together; to bring into
harmonious union; to cause or unite so as to form a homogeneous, as
by chemical union.
So fitly them in pairs thou hast combined. Milton.
Friendship is the which really combines mankind. Dr. H. More.
And all combined, save what thou must combine By holy marriage. Shak.
Earthly sounds, though sweet and well combined. Cowper.

2. To bind; to hold by a moral tie. [Obs.]
I am combined by a sacred vow. Shak.

COMBINE
Com*bine", v. i.

1. To form a union; to agree; to coalesce; to confederate.
You with your foes combine, And seem your own destruction to design
Dryden.
So sweet did harp and voice combine. Sir W. Scott.

2. To unite by affinity or natural attraction; as, two substances,
which will not combine of themselves, may be made to combine by the
intervention of a third.

3. (Card Playing)

Defn: In the game of casino, to play a card which will take two or
more cards whose aggregate number of pips equals those of the card
played. Combining weight (Chem.), that proportional weight, usually
referred to hydrogen as a standard, and for each element fixed and
exact, by which an element unites with another to form a distinct
compound. The combining weights either are identical with, or are
multiples or multiples of, the atomic weight. See Atomic weight,
under Atomic, a.

COMBINED
Com*bined", a.

Defn: United closely; confederated; chemically united.

COMBINEDLY
Com*bin"ed*ly, adv. In combination or coöperation

Defn: ; jointly.

COMBINER
Com*bin"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, combines.

COMBING
Comb"ing, n.

1. The act or process of using a comb or a number of combs; as, the
combing of one's hair; the combing of wool.

Note: The process of combing is used in straightening wool of long
staple; short wool is carded.

2. pl.
(a) That which is caught or collected with a comb, as loose, tangled
hair.
(b) Hair arranged to be worn on the head.
The baldness, thinness, and . . . deformity of their hair is supplied
by borders and combings. Jer. Taylor.
(c) (Naut.)

Defn: See Coamings. Combing machine (Textile Manuf.), a machine for
combing wool, flax, cotton, etc., and separating the longer and more
valuable fiber from the shorter. See also Carding machine, under
Carding.

COMBLESS
Comb"less, a.

Defn: Without a comb or crest; as, a combless ceck.

COMBOLOIO
Com`bo*lo"io, n.

Defn: A Mohammedan rosary, consisting of ninety-nine beads. Byron.

COMB-SHAPED
Comb"-shaped`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pectinate.

COMBUST
Com*bust", a. Etym: [L. combustus, p. p. of comburere to burn up;
com- + burere (only in comp.), of uncertian origin; cf. bustum
fineral pyre, prurire to itch, pruna a live coal, Gr. plush to burn.]

1. Burnt; consumed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: So near the sun as to be obscured or eclipsed by his light, as
the moon or planets when not more than eight degrees and a half from
the sun. [Obs.]
Planets that are oft combust. Milton.

COMBUSTIBILITY
Com*bus`ti*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being combustible.

COMBUSTIBLE
Com*bus"ti*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. combustble.]

1. Capable of taking fire and burning; apt to catch fire;
inflammable.
Sin is to the soul like fire to combustible matter. South.

2. Ea
Arnold was a combustible character. W. Irving.

COMBUSTIBLE
Com*bus"ti*ble, n.

Defn: A substance that may bee set on fire, or which is liable to
take fire and burn.
All such combustibles as are cheap enough for common use go under the
name of fuel. Ure.

COMBUSTIBLENESS
Com*bus"ti*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Combustibility.

COMBUSTION
Com*bus"tion, n. Etym: [L. combustio: cf. F. combustion.]

1. The state of burning.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The combination of a combustible with a supporter of
combustion, producing heat, and sometimes both light and heat.
Combustion results is common cases from the mutual chemical action
and reaction of the combustible and the oxygen of the atmosphere,
whereby a new compound is formed. Ure.
Supporter of combustion (Chem.), a gas as oxygen, the combination of
which with a combustible, as coal, constitutes combustion.

3. Violent agitation; confusion; tumult. [Obs.]
There [were] great combustions and divisions among the heads of the
university. Mede.
But say from whence this new combustion springs. Dryden.

COMBUSTION CHAMBER
Com*bus"tion cham`ber. (Mech.)
 (a) A space over, or in front of , a boiler furnace where the gases
from the fire become more thoroughly mixed and burnt. (b) The
clearance space in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine
where the charge is compressed and ignited.

COMBUSTIOUS
Com*bus"tious, a.

Defn: Inflammable. [Obs.] Shak.

COME
Come, v. i. [imp. Came; p. p. Come; p. pr & vb. n. Coming.] Etym:
[OE. cumen, comen, AS. cuman; akin to OS.kuman, D. komen, OHG.
queman, G. kommen, Icel. koma, Sw. komma, Dan. komme, Goth. giman, L.
venire (gvenire), Gr. gam. *23. Cf. Base, n., Convene, Adventure.]

1. To move hitherward; to draw near; to approach the speaker, or some
place or person indicated; -- opposed to go.
Look, who comes yonder Shak.
I did not come to curse thee. Tennyson.

2. To complete a movement toward a place; to arrive.
When we came to Rome. Acts xxviii. 16.
Lately come from Italy. Acts vviii. 2.

3. To approach or arrive, as if by a journey or form a distance. "Thy
kingdom come." Matt. vi. 10.
The hour is comming, and now is. John. v. 25.
So quik bright things come to confusion. Shak.

4. To approach or arrive, as the result of a cause, or of the act of
another.
From whence come wars James iv. 1.
Both riches and honor come of thee! Chron. xxix. 12.

5. To arrive in sight; to be manifest; to appear.
Then butter does refuse to come. Hudibras.

6. To get to be, as the result of change or progress; -- with a
predicate; as, to come united.
How come you thus estranged Shak.
How come her eyes so bright Shak.

Note: Am come, is come, etc., are frequently used instead of have
come, has come, etc., esp. in poetry. The verb to be gives adjectival
significance to the participle as expressing a state or condition of
the subject, while the auxiliary have expresses simply the completion
of the action signified by the verb.
Think not that I am come to destroy. Matt. v. 17.
We are come off like Romans. Shak.
The melancholy days are come, the saddest of the year. Bryant.

Note: Come may properly be used (instead of go) in speaking of a
movement hence, or away, when there is reference to an approach to
the person addressed; as, I shall come home next week; he will come
to your house to-day. It is used with other verbs almost as an
auxiliary, indicative of approach to the action or state expressed by
the verb; as, how came you to do it Come is used colloquially, with
reference to a definite future time approaching, without an
auxilliary; as, it will be two years, come next Christmas; i. e.,
when Christmas shall come.
They were cried In meeting, come next Sunday. Lowell.
Come, in the imperative, is used to excite attention, or to invite to
motion or joint action; come, let us go. "This is the heir; come, let
us kill him." Matt. xxi. 38. When repeated, it sometimes expresses
haste, or impatience, and sometimes rebuke. "Come, come, no time for
lamentation now." Milton. To come, yet to arrive, future. "In times
to come." Dryden. "There's pippins and cheese to come." Shak.
 -- To come about. (a) To come to pass; to arrive; to happen; to
result; as, how did these things come about (b) To change; to come
round; as, the ship comes about. "The wind is come about." Shak.
On better thoughts, and my urged reasons, They are come about, and
won to the true side. B. Jonson.
-- To come abroad. (a) To move or be away from one's home or country.
"Am come abroad to see the world." Shak. (b) To become public or
known. [Obs.] "Neither was anything kept secret, but that it should
come abroad." Mark. iv. 22.
 -- To come across, to meet; to find, esp. by chance or suddenly. "We
come across more than one incidental mention of those wars." E. A.
Freeman. "Wagner's was certainly one of the strongest and most
independent natures I ever came across." H. R. Heweis.
 -- To come after. (a) To follow. (b) To come to take or to obtain;
as, to come after a book.
 -- To come again, to return. "His spirit came again and he revived."
Judges. xv. 19.
 -- To come and go. (a) To appear and disappear; to change; to
alternate. "The color of the king doth come and go." Shak. (b)
(Mech.) To play backward and forward.
 -- To come at. (a) To reach; to arrive within reach of; to gain; as,
to come at a true knowledge of ourselves. (b) To come toward; to
attack; as, he came at me with fury.
 -- To come away, to part or depart.
 -- To come between, to interverne; to separate; hence, to cause
estrangement.
 -- To come by. (a) To obtain, gain, acquire. "Examine how you came
by all your state." Dryden. (b) To pass near or by way of.
 -- To come down. (a) To descend. (b) To be humbled.
 -- To come down upon, to call to account, to reprimand. [Colloq.]
Dickens.
 -- To come home. (a) To retuen to one's house or family. (b) To come
close; to press closely; to touch the feelings, interest, or reason.
(b) (Naut.) To be loosened from the ground; -- said of an anchor.
 -- To come in. (a) To enter, as a town, house, etc. "The thief
cometh in." Hos. vii. 1. (b) To arrive; as, when my ship comes in.
(c) To assume official station or duties; as, when Lincoln came in.
(d) To comply; to yield; to surrender. "We need not fear his coming
in" Massinger. (e) To be brought into use. "Silken garments did not
come in till late." Arbuthnot. (f) To be added or inserted; to be or
become a part of. (g) To accrue as gain from any business or
investment. (h) To mature and yield a harvest; as, the crops come in
well. (i) To have sexual intercourse; -- with to or unto. Gen.
xxxviii. 16. (j) To have young; to bring forth; as, the cow will come
in next May. [U. S.] -- To come in for, to claim or receive. "The
rest came in for subsidies." Swift.
 -- To come into, to join with; to take part in; to agree to; to
comply with; as, to come into a party or scheme.
 -- To come it ever, to hoodwink; to get the advantage of. [Colloq.]
-- To come near or nigh, to approach in place or quality to be equal
to. "Nothing ancient or modern seems to come near it." Sir W. Temple.
 -- To come of. (a) To descend or spring from. "Of Priam's royal race
my mother came." Dryden. (b) To result or follow from. "This comes of
judging by the eye." L'Estrange.
 -- To come off. (a) To depart or pass off from. (b) To get free; to
get away; to escape. (c) To be carried through; to pass off; as, it
came off well. (d) To acquit one's self; to issue from (a contest,
etc.); as, he came off with honor; hence, substantively, a come off,
an escape; an excuse; an evasion. [Colloq.] (e) To pay over; to give.
[Obs.] (f) To take place; to happen; as, when does the race come off
(g) To be or become after some delay; as, the weather came off very
fine. (h) To slip off or be taken off, as a garment; to separate. (i)
To hurry away; to get through. Chaucer.
 -- To come off by, to suffer. [Obs.] "To come off by the worst."
Calamy.
 -- To come off from, to leave. "To come off from these grave
disquisitions." Felton.
 -- To come on. (a) To advance; to make progress; to thrive. (b) To
move forward; to approach; to supervene.
 -- To come out. (a) To pass out or depart, as from a country, room,
company, etc. "They shall come out with great substance." Gen. xv.
14. (b) To become public; to appear; to be published. "It is indeed
come out at last." Bp. Stillingfleet. (c) To end; to result; to turn
out; as, how will this affair come out he has come out well at last.
(d) To be introduced into society; as, she came out two seasons ago.
(e) To appear; to show itself; as, the sun came out. (f) To take
sides; to take a stand; as, he came out against the tariff.(g) To
publicly admit oneself to be homosexual.
 -- To come out with, to give publicity to; to disclose.
 -- To come over. (a) To pass from one side or place to another.
"Perpetually teasing their friends to come over to them." Addison.
(b) To rise and pass over, in distillation.
 -- To come over to, to join.
 -- To come round. (a) To recur in regular course. (b) To recover.
[Colloq.] (c) To change, as the wind. (d) To relent. J. H. Newman.
(e) To circumvent; to wheedle. [Colloq.] -- To come short, to be
deficient; to fail of attaining. "All have sinned and come short of
the glory of God." Rom. iii. 23.
 -- To come to. (a) To consent or yield. Swift. (b) (Naut.) (with the
accent on to) To luff; to brin the ship's head nearer the wind; to
anchor. (c) (with the accent on to) To recover, as from a swoon. (d)
To arrive at; to reach. (e) To amount to; as, the taxes come to a
large sum. (f) To fall to; to be received by, as an inheritance.
Shak.
 -- To come to blows. See under Blow.
 -- To come to grief. See under Grief.
 -- To come to a head. (a) To suppurate, as a boil. (b) To mature; to
culminate; as a plot.
 -- To come to one's self, to recover one's senses.
 -- To come to pass, to happen; to fall out.
 -- To come to the scratch. (a) (Prize Fighting) To step up to the
scratch or mark made in the ring to be toed by the combatants in
beginning a contest; hence: (b) To meet an antagonist or a difficulty
bravely. [Colloq.] -- To come to time. (a) (Prize Fighting) To come
forward in order to resume the contest when the interval allowed for
rest is over and "time" is called; hence: (b) To keep an appointment;
to meet expectations. [Colloq.] -- To come together. (a) To meet for
business, worship, etc.; to assemble. Acts i. 6. (b) To live together
as man and wife. Matt. i. 18.
 -- To come true, to happen as predicated or expected.
 -- To come under, to belong to, as an individual to a class.
 -- To come up (a) to ascend; to rise. (b) To be brought up; to
arise, as a question. (c) To spring; to shoot or rise above the
earth, as a plant. (d) To come into use, as a fashion.
 -- To come up the capstan (Naut.), to turn it the contrary way, so
as to slacken the rope about it.
 -- To come up the tackle fall (Naut.), to slacken the tackle gently.
Totten.
 -- To come up to, to rise to; to equal.
 -- To come up with, to overtake or reach by pursuit.
 -- To come upon. (a) To befall. (b) To attack or invade. (c) To have
a claim upon; to become dependent upon for support; as, to come upon
the town. (d) To light or chance upon; to find; as, to come upon hid
treasure.

COME
Come, v. t.

Defn: To carry through; to succeed in; as, you can't come any tricks
here. [Slang] To come it, to succeed in a trick of any sort. [Slang]

COME
Come, n.

Defn: Coming. Chaucer.

COME-ALONG
Come"-a*long`, n.

Defn: A gripping device, as for stretching wire, etc., consisting of
two jaws so attached to a ring that they are closed by pulling on the
ring.

CO-MEDDLE
Co-med"dle, v. t.

Defn: To mix; to mingle, to temper. [Obs.] Shak.

COMEDIAN
Co*me"di*an, n. Etym: [Cf. F. comédien.]

1. An actor or player in comedy. "The famous comedian, Roscius."
Middleton.

2. A writer of comedy. Milton.

COMEDIENNE
Co*mé`di*enne", n. Etym: [F., fem. of com.]

Defn: A women who plays in comedy.

COMEDIETTA
Co*me`di*et"ta, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A dramatic sketch; a brief comedy.

COMEDO
Com"e*do, n.; pl. Comedones. Etym: [L., a glutton. See Comestible.]
(Med.)

Defn: A small nodule or cystic tumor, common on the nose, etc., which
on pressure allows the escape of a yellow wormlike mass of retained
oily secretion, with a black head (dirt).

COMEDOWN
Come"down`, n.

Defn: A downfall; an humillation. [Colloq.]

COMEDY
Com"e*dy, n.; pl. Comedies. Etym: [F. comédie, L. comoedia, fr. Gr.
home) + Home, and Ode.]

Defn: A dramatic composition, or representation of a bright and
amusing character, based upon the foibles of individuals, the manners
of society, or the ludicrous events or accidents of life; a play in
which mirth predominates and the termination of the plot is happy; --
opposed to tragedy.
With all the vivacity if comedy. Macaulay.
Are come to play a pleasant comedy. Shak.

COMELILY
Come"li*ly, adv.

Defn: In a suitable or becoming manner. [R.] Sherwood.

COMELINESS
Come"li*ness, n. Etym: [See Comely.]

Defn: The quality or state of being comely.
Comeliness is a disposing fair Of things and actions in fit time and
place. Sir J. Davies.
Strength, comeliness of shape, or amplest merit. Milton.
Comeliness signifies something less forcible than beauty, less
elegant than grace, and less light than prettiness. Johnson.

COMELY
Come"ly, a. [Compar. Comelier; superl. Comeliest.] Etym: [OE.
comeliche, AS. cymlic; cyme suitable (fr. cuman to come, become) +
lic like.]

1. Pleasing or agreeable to the sight; well-proportioned; good-
looking; handsome.
He that is comely when old and decrepit, surely was very beautiful
when he was young. South.
Not once perceive their foul disfigurement But boast themselves more
comely than before. Milton.

2. Suitable or becoming; proper; agreeable.
This is a happier and more comely time Than when these fellows ran
about the streets, Crying confusion. Shak.
It is good to sing praises unto our God; for it is pleasant; and
praise is comely. Ps. cxlvii. 1.

COMELY
Come"ly, adv.

Defn: In a becoming manner. Ascham.

COME-OUTER
Come-out"er, n.

Defn: One who comes out or withdraws from a religious or other
organization; a radical reformer. [Colloq. U. S.]

COMER
Com"er, n.

Defn: One who comes, or who has come; one who has arrived, and is
present. All comers, all who come, or offer, to take part in a
matter, especially in a contest or controversy. "To prove it against
all comers." Bp. Stillingfleet.

COMES
Co"mes, n. Etym: [L., a companion.] (Mus.)

Defn: The answer to the theme (dux) in a fugue.

COMESSATION
Com`es*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. comissatio, comessatio.]

Defn: A reveling; a rioting. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

COMESTIBLE
Co*mes"ti*ble, a. Etym: [F. comestible, fr. L. comesus, comestus, p.
p. pf comedere to eat; com- + edere to eat.]

Defn: Suitable to be eaten; eatable; esculent.
Some herbs are most comestible. Sir T. Elyot.

COMESTIBLE
Co*mes"ti*ble, n.

Defn: Something suitable to be eaten; -- commonly in the plural.
Thackeray.

COMET
Com"et, n. Etym: [L. cometes, cometa, from Gr. coma: cf. F. comète.]
(Astron.)

Defn: A member of the solar system which usually moves in an
elongated orbit, approaching very near to the sun in its perihelion,
and receding to a very great distance from it at its aphelion. A
comet commonly consists of three parts: the nucleus, the envelope, or
coma, and the tail; but one or more of these parts is frequently
wanting. See Illustration in Appendix.

COMETARIUM
Com`e*ta"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Astron.)

Defn: An instrument, intended to represent the revolution of a comet
round the sun. Hutton.

COMETARY
Com"et*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. cométaire.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a comet. Cheyne.

COMET-FINDER; COMET-SEEKER
Com"et-find`er, or Com"et-seek`er, n. (Astron.)

Defn: A telescope of low power, having a large field of view, used
for finding comets.

COMETHER
Co*meth"er, n. [Prob. dial. pron. of come hither, used in calling
cows, etc.] [Dial. or Colloq., Brit.]

1.

Defn: Matter; affair.

2.  Friendly communication or association.

To put the, or one's, comether on, to exercise persuasion upon; to
get under one's influence; to beguile; to wheedle.

How does ut come about, sorr, that whin a man has put the comether on
wan woman he's sure bound to put ut on another
Kipling.

COMETIC
Co*met"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to a comet.

COMETOGRAPHER
Com`et*og"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who describes or writes about comets.

COMETOGRAPHY
Com`et*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Comet + -graphy: cf. F. cométographie.]

Defn: A description of, or a treatise concerning, comets.

COMETOLOGY
Com`et*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Comet + -logy.]

Defn: The department of astronomy relating to comets.

COMFIT
Com"fit, n. Etym: [F. confit, prop. a p. p., fr. confire to preserve,
pickle, fr. L. conficere to prepare; con- + facere to make. See Fact,
and cf. Confect.]

Defn: A dry sweetmeat; any kind of fruit, root, or seed preserved
with sugar and dried; a confection.

COMFIT
Com"fit, v. t.

Defn: To preserve dry with sugar.
The fruit which does so quickly waste, . . . Thou comfitest in sweets
to make it last. Cowley.

COMFITURE
Com"fi*ture, n. Etym: [F. confiture; cf. LL. confecturae sweetmeats,
confectura a preparing. See Comfit, and cf. Confiture.]

Defn: See Comfit, n.

COMFORT
Com"fort, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Comforted; p. pr. & vb. n. Comforting.]
Etym: [F. conforter, fr. L. confortare to strengthen much; con- +
fortis strong. See Fort.]

1. To make strong; to invigorate; to fortify; to corroborate. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
God's own testimony . . . doth not a little comfort and confirm the
same. Hooker.

2. To assist or help; to aid. [Obs.]
I . . . can not help the noble chevalier: God comfort him in this
necessity! Shak.

3. To impart strength and hope to; to encourage; to relieve; to
console; to cheer,
Light excelleth in comforting the spirits of men. Bacon.
That we may be adle to comfort them that are in any affliction. 2
Cor. i. 4. (Rev. Ver. ).
A perfect woman, nobly planned, To warn, to comfort, and command.
Wordsworth.

Syn.
 -- To cheer; solace; console; revive; encourage; enliven;
invigorate; inspirit, gladden; recreate; exhilarate; refresh;
animate; confirm; strengthen.
 -- To Comfort, Console, Solace. These verbs all suppose some
antecedent state of suffering or sorrow. Console in confined to the
act giving sympathetic relief to the mind under affliction or sorrow,
and points to some definite source of that relief; as, the presence
of his friend consoled him; he was much consoled by this
intelligence. The act of consoling commonly implies the inculcation
of resignation. Comfort points to relief afforded by the
communication of positive pleasure, hope, and strength, as well as by
the diminution of pain; as, "They brought the young man alive, and
were not a little comforted." Acts xx. 12.

Note: Solace is from L. solacium, which means according to Dumesnil,
consolation inwardly felt or applied to the case of the sufferer.
Hence, the verb to solace denotes the using of things for the purpose
of affording relief under sorrow or suffering; as, to solace one's
self with reflections, with books, or with active employments.

COMFORT
Com"fort, n. Etym: [OF. confort, fr. conforter.]

1. Assistance; relief; support. [Obs. except in the phrase "aid and
comfort." See 5 below.] Shak.

2. Encouragement; solace; consolation in trouble; also, that which
affords consolation.
In comfort of her mother's fears. Shak.
Cheer thy spirit with this comfort. Shak.
Speaking words of endearment where words of comfort availed not.
Longfellow.

3. A state of quiet enjoyment; freedom from pain, want, or anxiety;
also, whatever contributes to such a condition.
I had much joy and comfort in thy love. Phil. 7 (Rev. Ver. ).
He had the means of living in comfort. Macaulay.

4. A wadded bedquilt; a comfortable. [U. S.]

5. (Law)

Defn: Unlawful support, countenance, or encouragement; as, to give
aid and comfort to the enemy.

Syn.
 -- Comfort, Consolation. Comfort has two meanings:

1. Strength and relief received under affliction;

2. Positive enjoyment, of a quiet, permanent nature, together with
the sources thereof; as, the comfort of love; surrounded with
comforts; but it is with the former only that the word consolation is
brought into comparison. As thus compared, consolation points to some
specific source of relief for the afflicted mind; as, the
consolations of religion. Comfort supposes the relief to be afforded
by imparting positive enjoyment, as well as a diminution of pain.
"Consolation, or comfort, signifies some alleviation to that pain to
which it is not in our power to afford the proper and adequate
remedy; they imply rather an augmentation of the power of bearing,
than a diminution of the burden." Johnson.

COMFORTABLE
Com"fort*a*ble, a. Etym: [OF. confortable.]

1. Strong; vigorous; valiant. [Obs.] Wyclif.
Thy conceit is nearer death than thy powers. For my sake be
comfortable; hold death a while at the arm's end. Shak.

2. Serviceable; helpful. [Obs.]
Be comfortable to my mother, your mistress, and make much of her.
Shak.

3. Affording or imparting comfort or consolation; able to comfort;
cheering; as, a comfortable hope. "Kind words and comfortable."
Cowper.
A comfortable provision made for their subsistence. Dryden.

4. In a condition of comfort; having comforts; not suffering or
anxious; hence, contented; cheerful; as, to lead a comfortable life.
My lord leans wondrously to discontent; His comfortable temper has
forsook him: He is much out of health. Shak.

5. Free, or comparatively free, from pain or distress; -- used of a
sick person. [U. S.]

COMFORTABLE
Com"fort*a*ble, n.

Defn: A stuffed or quilted coverlet for a bed; a comforter; a
comfort. [U. S.]

COMFORTABLENESS
Com"fort*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: State of being comfortable or comforting manner.
Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem. Is. xl. 2.

COMFORTABLY
Com"fort*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a comfortable or comforting manner.

Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem.
Is. xl. 2.

COMFORTER
Com"fort*er, n.

1. One who administers comfort or consolation.
Let no comforter delight mine ear But such a one whose wrongs do suit
with mine. Shak.

2. (Script.)

Defn: The Holy Spirit, -- reffering to his office of comforting
believers.
But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send
in my name, he shall teach you all things. John xiv. 26.

3. A knit woolen tippet, long and narrow. [U. S.]
The American schoolboy takes off his comforter and unbuttons his
jacket before going in for a snowball fight. Pop. Sci. Monthly.

4. A wadded bedquilt; a comfortable. [U. S.] Job's comforter, a boil.
[Colloq.]

COMFORTLESS
Com"fort*less, a.

Defn: Without comfort or comforts; in want or distress; cheerless.
Comfortless through turanny or might. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- Forlorn; desolate; cheerless; inconsolable; disconsolate;
wretched; miserable.
 -- Com"fort*less*ly, adv.
 -- Com"fort*less*ness, n.
When all is coldly, comfortlessly costly. Milton.

COMFORTMENT
Com"fort*ment, n.

Defn: Act or process of administering comfort. [Obs.]
The gentle comfortment and entertainment of the said embassador.
Hakluyt.

COMFORTRESS
Com"fort*ress, n.

Defn: A woman who comforts.
To be your comfortress, and to preserve you. B. Jonson.

COMFREY
Com"frey, n. Etym: [Prob. from F. conferve, L. conferva, fr.
confervere to boil together, in medical language, to heal, grow
together. So called on account of its healing power, for which reason
it was also called consolida.] (Bot.)

Defn: A rough, hairy, perennial plant of several species, of the
genus Symphytum.

Note: A decoction of the mucilaginous root of the "common comfrey"
(S. officinale) is used in cough mixtures, etc.; and the gigantic
"prickly comfrey" (S. asperrimum) is somewhat cultivated as a forage
plant.

COMIC
Com"ic, a. Etym: [L. comicus pertaining to comedy, Gr. comique. See
Comedy.]

1. Relating to comedy, as distinct from tragedy.
I can not for the stage a drama lay, Tragic or comic, but thou
writ'st the play. B. Jonson.

2. Causing mirth; ludicrous. "Comic shows." Shak.

COMIC
Com"ic, n.

Defn: A comedian. [Obs.] Steele.

COMICAL
Com"ic*al, a.

1. Relating to comedy.
They deny it to be tragical because its catastrphe is a wedding,
which hath ever been accounted comical. Gay.

2. Exciting mirth; droll; laughable; as, a comical story. "Comical
adventures." Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Humorous; laughable; funny. See Droll.
 -- Com"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Com"ic*al"ness, n.

COMICALITY
Com`i*cal"i*ty, n.; pl. Comicalities.

Defn: The quality of being comical; something comical.

COMICRY
Com"ic*ry, n.

Defn: The power of exciting mirth; comicalness. [R.] H. Giles.

COMING
Com"ing, a.

1. Approaching; of the future, especially the near future; the next;
as, the coming week or year; the coming exhibition.
Welcome the coming, speed the parting, guest. Pope.
Your coming days and years. Byron.

2. Ready to come; complaisant; fond. [Obs.] Pope.

COMING
Com"ing, n.

1. Approach; advent; manifestation; as, the coming of the train.

2. Specifically: The Second Advent of Christ. Coming in.
(a) Entrance; entrance way; manner of entering; beginning. "The
goings out thereof, and the comings in thereof." Ezek. xliii. 11
(b) Income or revenue. "What are thy comings in" Shak.

COMITIA
Co*mi"ti*a, n., pl. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A public assembly of the Roman people for electing officers or
passing laws.

Note: There were three kinds of comitia: comitia curiata, or assembly
of the patricians, who voted in curiæ; comitia centuriata, or
assembly of the whole Roman people, who voted by centuries; and
comitia tributa, or assembly of the plebeians according to their
division into tribes.

COMITIAL
Co*mi"tial, a. Etym: [L. comitialis.]

Defn: Relating to the comitia, or popular assembles of the Romans for
electing officers and passing laws. Middleton.

COMITIVA
Co`mi*ti"va, n. [It.]

Defn: A body of followers; -- applied to the lawless or brigand bands
in Italy and Sicily.

COMITY
Com"i*ty, n.; pl. Comities. Etym: [L. comitas, fr. comis courteous,
kind.]

Defn: Mildness and suavity of manners; courtesy between equals;
friendly equals; friendly civility; as, comity of manners; the comity
of States. Comity of nations (International Law), the courtesy by
which nations recognize within their own territory, or in their
courts, the peculiar institutions of another nation or the rights and
privileges acquired by its citizens in their own land. By some
authorities private international law rests on this comity, but the
better opinion is that it is part of the common law of the land, and
hence is obligatory as law.

Syn.
 -- Civility; good breeding; courtesy; good will.

COMMA
Com"ma, n. Etym: [L. comma part of a sentence, comma, Gr. Capon.]

1. A character or point [,] marking the smallest divisions of a
sentence, written or printed.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A small interval (the difference beyween a major and minor half
step), seldom used except by tuners. Comma bacillus (Physiol.), a
variety of bacillus shaped like a comma, found in the intestines of
patients suffering from cholera. It is considered by some as having a
special relation to the disease; -- called also cholera bacillus.
 -- Comma butterfly (Zoöl.), an American butterfly (Grapta comma),
having a white comma-shaped marking on the under side of the wings.

COMMAND
Com*mand" (; 61), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Commanded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Commanding.] Etym: [OE. comaunden, commanden, OF. comander, F.
commander, fr. L. com- + mandare to commit to, to command. Cf.
Commend, Mandate.]

1. To order with authority; to lay injunction upon; to direct; to
bid; to charge.
We are commanded to forgive our enemies, but you never read that we
are commanded to forgive our friends. Bacon.
Go to your mistress: Say, I command her come to me. Shak.

2. To exercise direct authority over; to have control of; to have at
one's disposal; to lead.
Monmouth commanded the English auxiliaries. Macaulay.
Such aid as I can spare you shall command. Shak.

3. To have within a sphere of control, influence, access, or vision;
to dominate by position; to guard; to overlook.
Bridges commanded by a fortified house. Motley.
Up to the eastern tower, Whose height commands as subject all the
vale. Shak.
One side commands a view of the finest garden. Addison.

4. To have power or influence of the nature of authority over; to
obtain as if by ordering; to reeceive as a due; to challenge; to
claim; as, justice commands the respect and affections of the people;
the best goods command the best price.
'Tis not in mortals to command success. Addison.

5. To direct to come; to bestow. [Obs.]
I will command my blessing upon you. Lev. xxv. 21.

Syn.
 -- To bid; order; direct; dictate; charge; govern; rule; overlook.

COMMAND
Com*mand", v. i.

1. To have or to exercise direct authority; to govern; to sway; to
influence; to give an order or orders.
And reigned, commanding in his monarchy. Shak.
For the king had so commanded concerning [Haman]. Esth. iii. 2.

2. To have a view, as from a superior position.
Far and wide his eye commands. Milton.

COMMAND
Com*mand", n.

1. An authoritative order requiring obedience; a mandate; an
injunction.
A waiting what command their mighty chief Had to impose. Milton.

2. The possession or exercise of authority.
Command and force may often create, but can never cure, an aversion.
Locke.

3. Authority; power or right of control; leadership; as, the forces
under his command.

4. Power to dominate, command, or overlook by means of position;
scope of vision; survey.
Te steepy stand Which overlooks the vale with wide command. Dryden.

5. Control; power over something; sway; influence; as, to have
command over one's temper or voice; the fort has command of the
bridge.
He assumed an absolute command over his readers. Druden.

6. A body of troops, or any naval or military force or post, or the
whole territory under the authority or control of a particular
officer.

Word of command (Mil.), a word or phrase of definite and established
meaning, used in directing the movements of soldiers; as, aim; fire;
shoulder arms, etc.

Syn.
 -- Control; sway; power; authority; rule; dominion; sovereignty;
mandate; order; injunction; charge; behest. See Direction.

COMMANDABLE
Com*mand"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being commanded.

COMMANDANT
Com`man*dant", n. Etym: [F., orig. p. pr. of commander.]

Defn: A commander; the commanding officer of a place, or of a body of
men; as, the commandant of a navy-yard.

COMMANDATORY
Com*mand"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Mandatory; as, commandatory authority. [Obs.]

COMMANDEER
Com`man*deer", v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Commandeered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Commandeering.] [D. kommandeeren to command, in South Africa to
commandeer, fr. F. commander to command. See Command.]

1.  (Mil.)

Defn: To compel to perform military service; to seize for military
purposes; -- orig. used of the Boers.

2.  To take arbitrary or forcible possession of. [Colloq.]

COMMANDER
Com*mand"er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. commandeur. Cf. Commodore, Commender.]

1. A chief; one who has supreme authority; a leader; the chief
officer of an army, or of any division of it.
A leader and commander to the people. Is. lv. 4.

2. (Navy)

Defn: An officer who ranks next below a captain, -- ranking with a
lieutenant colonel in the army.

3. The chief officer of a commandery.

4. A heavy beetle or wooden mallet, used in paving, in sail lofts,
etc. Commander in chief, the military title of the officer who has
supreme command of the land or naval forces or the united forces of a
nation or state; a generalissimo. The President is commander in chief
of the army and navy of the United States.

Syn.
 -- See Chief.

COMMANDERSHIP
Com*mand"er*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a commander.

COMMANDERY
Com*mand"er*y, n.; pl. Commanderies. Etym: [F. commanderie.]

1. The office or rank of a commander. [Obs.]

2. A district or a manor with lands and tenements appertaining
thereto, under the control of a member of an order of knights who was
called a commander; -- called also a preceptory.

3. An assembly or lodge of Knights Templars (so called) among the
Freemasons. [U. S.]

4. A district under the administration of a military commander or
governor. [R.] Brougham.

COMMANDING
Com*mand"ing, a.

1. Exercising authority; actually in command; as, a commanding
officer.

2. Fitted to impress or control; as, a commanding look or presence.

3. Exalted; overlooking; having superior strategic advantages; as, a
commanding position.

Syn.
 -- Authoritative; imperative; imperious.

COMMANDINGLY
Com*mand"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a commanding manner.

COMMANDMENT
Com*mand"ment, n. Etym: [OF. commandement, F. commandement.]

1. An order or injunction given by authority; a command; a charge; a
precept; a mandate.
A new commandment I give unto you, that ye love one another. John
xiii. 34.

2. (Script.)

Defn: One of the ten laws or precepts given by God to the Israelites
at Mount Sinai.

3. The act of commanding; exercise of authority.
And therefore put I on the countenance Of stern commandment. Shak.

4. (Law)

Defn: The offense of commanding or inducing another to violate the
law. The Commandments, The Ten Commandments, the Decalogue, or
summary of God's commands, given to Moses at Mount Sinai. (Ex. xx.)

COMMANDO
Com*man"do, n. [D. See Command, v. t.]

Defn: In South Africa, a military body or command; also, sometimes,
an expedition or raid; as, a commando of a hundred Boers.

The war bands, called commandos, have played a great part in the . .
. military history of the country.
James Bryce.

COMMANDRESS
Com*mand"ress, n.

Defn: A woman invested with authority to command. Hooker.

COMMANDRY
Com*mand"ry, n.

Defn: See Commandery.

COMMARK
Com"mark`, n. Etym: [Of. comarque, or LL. commarca, commarcha; com- +
marcha, boundary. See March a confine.]

Defn: The frontier of a country; confines. [Obs.] Shelton.

COMMATERIAL
Com`ma*te"ri*al, a.

Defn: Consisting of the same material. [Obs.] Bacon.

COMMATIC
Com*mat"ic, a. Etym: [L. commaticus, Gr. Comma.]

Defn: Having short clauses or sentences; brief; concise.

COMMATISM
Com"ma*tism, n. Etym: [See Commatic.]

Defn: Conciseness in writing. Bp. Horsley.

COMMEASURABLE
Com*meas"ur*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. Commensurable.]

Defn: Having the same measure; commensurate; proportional.
She being now removed by death, a commeasurable grief took as full
possession of him as joy had one. I. Walton.

COMMEASURE
Com*meas"ure, v. t.

Defn: To be commensurate with; to equal. Tennyson.

COMMEMORABLE
Com*mem"o*ra"ble, a. Etym: [L. commemorabilis.]

Defn: Worthy to be commemorated.

COMMEMORATE
Com*mem"o*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Commemorated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Commemorating.] Etym: [L. commemoratus, p. p. of commemorare to
remember; com- + memorare to mention, fr. memor mindful. See Memory.]

Defn: To call to remembrance by a special act or observance; to
celebrate with honor and solemnity; to honor, as a person or event,
by some act of respect of affection, intended to preserve the
remembrance of the person or event; as, to commemorate the sufferings
and dying love of our Savior by the sacrament of the Lord's Supper;
to commemorate the Declaration of Independence by the observance of
the Fourth of July.
We are called upon to commemorate a revolution. Atterbury.

Syn.
 -- See Celebrate.

COMMEMORATION
Com*mem`o*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. commemoratio.]

1. The act of commemorating; an observance or celebration designed to
honor the memory of some person or event.
This sacrament was designed to be a standing commemoration of the
death and passion of our Lord. Abp. Tillotson.
The commonwealth which . . . chooses the most flagrant act of
murderous regicide treason for a feast of eternal commemoration.
Burke.

2. Whatever serves the purpose of commemorating; a memorial.
Commemoration day, at the University of Oxford, Eng., an annual
observance or ceremony in honor of the benefactors of the University,
at which time honorary degrees are conferred.

COMMEMORATIVE
Com*mem"o*ra*tive, a.

Defn: Tending or intended to commemorate. "A sacrifice commemorative
of Christ's offering up his body for us." Hammond.
An inscription commemorative of his victory. Sir G. C. Lewis.

COMMEMORATOR
Com*mem"o*ra`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who commemorates.

COMMEMORATORY
Com*mem"o*ra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving to commemorate; commomerative. Bp. Hooper.

COMMENCE
Com*mence", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Commenced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Commencing.] Etym: [F. commencer, OF. commencier, fr. L. com- +
initiare to begin. See Initiate.]

1. To have a beginning or origin; to originate; to start; to begin.
Here the anthem doth commence. Shak.
His heaven commences ere the world be past. Goldsmith.

2. To begin to be, or to act as. [Archaic]
We commence judges ourselves. Coleridge.

3. To take a degree at a university. [Eng.]
I question whether the formality of commencing was used in that age.
Fuller.

COMMENCE
Com*mence", v. t.

Defn: To enter upon; to begin; to perform the first act of.
Many a wooer doth commence his suit. Shak.

Note: It is the practice of good writers to use the verbal noun
(instead of the infinitive with to) after commence; as, he commenced
studying, not he commenced to study.

COMMENCEMENT
Com*mence"ment, n. Etym: [F. comencement.]

1. The first existence of anything; act or fact of commencing; rise;
origin; beginnig; start.
The time of Henry VII . . . nearly coincides with the commencement of
what is termed "modern history."

2. The day when degrees are conferred by colleges and universities
upon students and others.

COMMEND
Com*mend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Commended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Commending.] Etym: [L. commendare; com- + mandare to intrust to one's
charge, enjoin, command. Cf. Command, Mandate.]

1. To commit, intrust, or give in charge for care or preservation.
His eye commends the leading to his hand. Shak.
Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit. Luke xxiii. 46.

2. To recommend as worthy of confidence or regard; to present as
worthy of notice or favorable attention.
Among the objects of knowlwdge, two especially commend themselves to
our contemplation. Sir M. Hale.
I commend unto you Phebe our sister. Rom. xvi. 1.

3. To mention with approbation; to praise; as, to commend a person or
an act.
Historians commend Alexander for weeping when he read the actions of
Achilles. Dryden.

4. To mention by way of courtesy, implying remembrance and good will.
[Archaic]
Commend me to my brother. Shak.

COMMEND
Com*mend", n.

1. Commendation; praise. [Obs.]
Speak in his just commend. Shak.

2. pl.

Defn: Compliments; greetings. [Obs.]
Hearty commends and much endeared love to you. Howell.

COMMENDABLE
Com*mend"a*ble, a.

Note: (Formerly accented on the first syllable.) Etym: [L.
commendabilis.]

Defn: Worthy of being commended or praised; laudable; praiseworthy.
Order and decent ceremonies in the church are not only comely but
commendable. Bacon.
-- Com*mend"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Com*mend"a*bly, adv.

COMMENDAM
Com*men"dam, n. Etym: [LL. dare in commendam to give into trust.]
(Eng. Eccl. Law)

Defn: A vacant living or benefice commended to a cleric (usually a
bishop) who enjoyed the revenue until a pastor was provided. A living
so held was said to be held in commendam. The practice was abolished
by law in 1836.
There was [formerly] some sense for commendams. Selden.
Partnership in commendam. See under Partnership.

COMMENDATARY
Com*mend"a*ta*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. commendataire, LL.
commendatarius.]

Defn: One who holds a living in commendam.

COMMENDATION
Com`men*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. commendatio.]

1. The act of commending; praise; favorable representation in words;
recommendation.
Need we . . . epistles of commendatiom 2 Cor. iii. 1.
By the commendation of the great officers. Bacon.

2. That which is the ground of approbation or praise.
Good nature is the most godlike commendation of a man. Dryden.

3. pl.

Defn: A message of affection or respect; compliments; greeting.
[Obs.]
Hark you, Margaret; No princely commendations to my king Shak.

COMMENDATOR
Com*mend"a*tor ( or ), n. Etym: [LL.]

Defn: One who holds a benefice in commendam; a commendatary.
Chalmers.

COMMENDATORY
Com*mend"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. commendatorius.]

1. Serving to commend; containing praise or commendation; commending;
praising. "Commendatory verses." Pope.

2. Holding a benefice in commendam; as, a commendatory bishop. Burke.
Commendatory prayer (Book of Common Prayer), a prayer read over the
dying. "The commendatory prayer was said for him, and, as it ended,
he [William III.] died." Bp. Burnet.

COMMENDATORY
Com*mend"a*to*ry, n.

Defn: A commendation; eulogy. [R.] "Commendatories to our affection."
Sharp.

COMMENDER
Com*mend"er, n.

Defn: One who commends or praises.

COMMENSAL
Com*men"sal, n. Etym: [LL. commensalis; L. com- + mensa table: cf. F.
commensal. Cf. Mensal.]

1. One who eats at the same table. [Obs.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal, not truly parasitic, which lives in with, or on,
another, partaking usually of the same food. Both species may be
benefited by the association.

COMMENSAL
Com*men"sal, a.

Defn: Having the character of a commensal.

COMMENSALISM
Com*men"sal*ism, n.

Defn: The act of eating together; table fellowship.

COMMENSALITY
Com`men*sal"i*ty, n.

Defn: Fellowship at table; the act or practice of eating at the same
table. [Obs.] "Promiscuous commensality." Sir T. Browne.

COMMENSATION
Com`men*sa"tion, n.

Defn: Commensality. [Obs.]
Daniel . . . declined pagan commensation. Sir T. Browne.

COMMENSURABILITY
Com*men`su*ra*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. commensurabilite.]

Defn: The quality of being commersurable. Sir T. Browne.

COMMENSURABLE
Com*men"su*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. commensurabilis; pref. com- +
mensurable. See Commensurate, and cf. Commeasurable.]

Defn: Having a common measure; capable of being exactly measured by
the same number, quantity, or measure.
 -- Com*men"su*ra*ble*ness, n. Commensurable numbers or quantities
(Math.), those that can be exactly expressed by some common unit;
thus a foot and yard are commensurable, since both can be expressed
in terms of an inch, one being 12 inches, the other 36 inches.
 -- Numbers, or Quantities, commensurable in power, those whose
squares are commensurable.

COMMENSURABLY
Com*men"su*ra*bly, adv.

Defn: In a commensurable manner; so as to be commensurable.

COMMENSURATE
Com*men"su*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Commensurated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Commensurating.] Etym: [Pref. com- + mensurate.]

1. To reduce to a common measure. Sir T. Browne.

2. To proportionate; to adjust. T. Puller

COMMENSURATE
Com*men"su*rate, a.

1. Having a common measure; commensurable; reducible to a common
measure; as, commensurate quantities.

2. Equal in measure or extent; proportionate.
Those who are persuaded that they shall continue forever, can not
choose but aspire after a hapiness commensurate to their duration.
Tillotson.

COMMENSURATELY
Com*men"su*rate*ly, adv.

1. In a commensurate manner; so as to be equal or proportionate;
adequately.

2. With equal measure or extent. Goodwin.

COMMENSURATENESS
Com*men"su*rate*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being commensurate. Foster.

COMMENSURATION
Com*men`su*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. commensuration.]

Defn: The act of commensurating; the state of being commensurate.
All fitness lies in a particular commensuration, or proportion of one
thing to another. South.

COMMENT
Com"ment, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Commented; p. pr. & vb. n. Commenting.]
Etym: [F. commenter, L. commentary to meditate upon, explain, v.
intens, of comminisci, commentus, to reflect upon, invent; com- + the
root of meminisse to remember, mens mind. See Mind.]

Defn: To make remarks, observations, or criticism; especially, to
write notes on the works of an author, with a view to illustrate his
meaning, or to explain particular passages; to write annotations; --
often followed by on or upon.
A physician to comment on your malady. Shak.
Critics . . . proceed to comment on him. Dryden.
I must translate and comment. Pope.

COMMENT
Com"ment, v. t.

Defn: To comment on. [Archaic.] Fuller.

COMMENT
Com"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. comment.]

1. A remark, observation, or criticism; gossip; discourse; talk.
Their lavish comment when her name was named. Tennyson.

2. A note or observation intended to explain, illustrate, or
criticise the meaning of a writing, book, etc.; explanation;
annotation; exposition.
All the volumes of philosophy, With all their comments. Prior.

COMMENTARY
Com"men*ta*ry, n.; pl. Commentaries. Etym: [L. commentarius,
commentarium, note book, commentary: cf. F. commentaire. See Comment,
v. i.]

1. A series of comments or annotations; esp., a book of explanations
or expositions on the whole or a part of the Scriptures or of some
other work.
This letter . . . was published by him with a severe commentary.
Hallam.

2. A brief account of transactions or events written hastily, as if
for a memorandum; -- usually in the plural; as, Caesar's Commentaries
on the Gallic War.

COMMENTATE
Com"men*tate, v. t. & i. Etym: [L. commentatus, p. p. of commentari
to meditate.]

Defn: To write comments or notes upon; to make comments. [R.]
Commentate upon it, and return it enriched. Lamb.

COMMENTATION
Com`men*ta"tion, n.

1. The act or process of commenting or criticising; exposition. [R.]
The spirit of commentation. Whewell.

2. The result of the labors of a commentator.

COMMENTATOR
Com"men*ta`tor, n. Etym: [L. commentator: cf. F. commentateur.]

Defn: One who writes a commentary or comments; an expositor; an
annotator.
The commentator's professed object is to explain, to enforce, to
illustrate doctrines claimed as true. Whewell.

COMMENTATORIAL
Com`men*ta*to"ri*al ( or , a.

Defn: Pertaining to the making of commentaries. Whewell.

COMMENTATORSHIP
Com"men*ta`tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office or occupation of a commentator.

COMMENTER
Com"ment`er, n.

Defn: One who makes or writes comments; a commentator; an annotator.

COMMENTITIOUS
Com`men*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. commentitius.]

Defn: Fictitious or imaginary; unreal; as, a commentitious system of
religion. [Obs.] Warburton.

COMMERCE
Com"merce, n.

Note: (Formerly accented on the second syllable.) Etym: [F. commerce,
L. commercium; com- + merx, mercis, merchadise. See Merchant.]

1. The exchange or buying and selling of commodities; esp. the
exchange of merchandise, on a large scale, between different places
or communities; extended trade or traffic.
The public becomes powerful in proportion to the opulence and
extensive commerce of private men. Hume.

2. Social intercourse; the dealings of one person or class in society
with another; familiarity.
Fifteen years of thought, observation, and commerce with the world
had made him [Bunyan] wiser. Macaulay.

3. Sexual intercourse. W. Montagu.

4. A round game at cards, in which the cards are subject to exchange,
barter, or trade. Hoyle. Chamber of commerce. See Chamber.

Syn.
 -- Trade; traffic; dealings; intercourse; interchange; communion;
communication.

COMMERCE
Com*merce" ( or , v. i. [imp. & p. p. Commerced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Commercing.] Etym: [Cf. F. commercer, fr. LL. commerciare.]

1. To carry on trade; to traffic. [Obs.]
Beware you commerce not with bankrupts. B. Jonson.

2. To hold intercourse; to commune. Milton.
Commercing with himself. Tennyson.
Musicians . . . taught the people in angelic harmonies to commerce
with heaven. Prof. Wilson.

COMMERCE DESTROYER
Com"merce de*stroy"er. (Nav.)

Defn: A very fast, unarmored, lightly armed vessel designed to
capture or destroy merchant vessels of an enemy. Not being intended
to fight, they may be improvised from fast passenger steamers.

COMMERCIAL
Com*mer"cial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. commercial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to commerce; carrying on or occupied with
commerce or trade; mercantile; as, commercial advantages; commercial
relations. "Princely commercial houses." Macaulay. Commercial
college, a school for giving instruction in commercial knowledge and
business.
 -- Commercial law. See under Law.
 -- Commercial note paper, a small size of writing paper, usually
about 5 by 7½ or 8 inches.
 -- Commercial paper, negotiable paper given in due course of
business. It includes bills of exchange, promissory notes, bank
cheks, etc.
 -- Commercial traveler, an agent of a wholesale house who travels
from town to town to solicit orders.

Syn.
 -- See Mercantile.

COMMERCIALISM
Com*mer"cial*ism, n.

Defn: The commercial spirit or method. C. Kingsley.

COMMERCIALLY
Com*mer"cial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a commercial manner.

COMMIGRATE
Com"mi*grate, v. i. Etym: [L. commigrare, commigratum.]

Defn: To migrate together. [R.]

COMMIGRATION
Com`mi*gra"tion, n. Etym: [L. commigratio.]

Defn: Migration together. [R.] Woodward.

COMMINATION
Com`mi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. comminatio, from comminary to threaten;
com- + minari to threaten: cf. F. commination.]

1. A threat or threatening; a denunciation of punishment or
vengeance.
With terrible comminations to all them that did resist. I. Taylor.

2. An office in the liturgy of the Church of England, used on Ash
Wednesday, containing a recital of God's anger and judgments against
sinners.

COMMINATORY
Com*min"a*to"ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. comminatoire.]

Defn: Threatening or denouncing punishment; as, comminatory terms. B.
Jonson.

COMMINGLE
Com*min"gle, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Commingled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Commingling.]

Defn: To mingle together; to mix in one mass, or intimately; to
blend. Bacon.

COMMINGLER
Com*min"gler, n.

Defn: One that commingles; specif., a device for noiseless heating of
water by steam, in a vessel filled with a porous mass, as of pebbles.

COMMINUTE
Com"mi*nute, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Comminuted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Comminuting.] Etym: [L. comminutus, p. p. of comminuere to comminute;
com- + minuere to lessen. See Minute.]

Defn: To reduce to minute particles, or to a fine powder; to
pulverize; to triturate; to grind; as, to comminute chalk or bones;
to comminute food with the teeth. Pennant. Comminuted fracture. See
under Fracture.

COMMINUTION
Com`mi*nu"tion, n.

1. The act of reducing to a fine powder or to small particles;
pulverization; the state of being comminuted. Bentley.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: Fracture (of a bone) into a number of pieces. Dunglison.

3. Gradual diminution by the removal of small particles at a time; a
lessening; a wearing away.
Natural and necessary comminution of our lives. Johnson.

COMMISERABLE
Com*mis"er*a*ble, a.

Defn: Pitiable. [Obs.] Bacon.

COMMISERATE
Com*mis"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Commiserated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Commiserating.] Etym: [L. commiseratus, p. p. of commiserari to
commiserate; com- + miserari to pity. See Miserable.]

Defn: To feel sorrow, pain, or regret for; to pity.
Then must we those, who groan, beneath the weight Of age, disease, or
want, commiserate. Denham.
We should commiserate our mutual ignorance. Locke.

Syn.
 -- To pity; compassionate; lament; condole.

COMMISERATION
Com*mis`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [F. commis, fr. L. commiseratio a part of
an oration intended to exite compassion.]

Defn: The act of commiserating; sorrow for the wants, afflictions, or
distresses of another; pity; compassion.
And pluck commiseration of his state From brassy bosoms and rough
hearts of flint. Shak.

Syn.
 -- See Sympathy.

COMMISERATIVE
Com*mis"er*a*tive, a.

Defn: Feeling or expressing commiseration. Todd.

COMMISERATOR
Com*mis"er*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who pities.

COMMISSARIAL
Com`mis*sa"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a commissary.

COMMISSARIAT
Com`mis*sa"ri*at, n. Etym: [F. commissariat.] (Mil.)
(a) The organized system by which armies and military posts are
supplied with food and daily necessaries.
(b) The body of officers charged with such service.

COMMISSARY
Com"mis*sa*ry, n.; pl. Commissaries. Etym: [LL. commissarius, fr. L.
commissus, p. p. of committere to commit, intrust to. See Commit.]

1. One to whom is committed some charge, duty, or office, by a
superior power; a commissioner.
Great Destiny, the Commissary of God. Donne.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: An officer on the bishop, who exercises ecclesiastical
jurisdiction in parts of the diocese at a distance from the residence
of the bishop. Ayliffe.

3. (Mil.)
(a) An officer having charge of a special sevice; as, the commissary
of musters.
(b) An officer whose business is to provide food for a body of troops
or a military post; -- officially called commissary of subsistence.
[U. S.]
Washington wrote to the President of Congress . . . urging the
appointment of a commissary general, a quartermaster general, a
commissary of musters, and a commissary of artillery. W. Irving
Commissary general, an officer in charge of some special department
of army service; as: (a) The officer in charge of the commissariat
and transport department, or of the ordinace store department. [Eng.]
(b) The commissary general of subsistence. [U. S.] -- Commissary
general of subsistence (Mil. U. S.), the head of the subsistence
department, who has charge of the purchase and issue of provisions
for the army.

COMMISSARYSHIP
Com"mis*sa*ry*ship, n.

Defn: The office or employment of a commissary. Ayliffe.

COMMISSION
Com*mis"sion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. commissio. See Commit.]

1. The act of committing, doing, or performing; the act of
perpetrating.
Every commission of sin introduces into the soul a certain degree of
hardness. South.

2. The act of intrusting; a charge; instructions as to how a trust
shall be executed.

3. The duty or employment intrusted to any person or persons; a
trust; a charge.

4. A formal written warrant or authority, granting certain powers or
privileges and authorizing or commanding the performance of certain
duties.
Let him see our commission. Shak.

5. A certificate conferring military or naval rank and authority; as,
a colonel's commission.

6. A company of persons joined in the performance of some duty or the
execution of some trust; as, the interstate commerce commission.
A commission was at once appointed to examine into the matter.
Prescott.

7. (Com.)
(a) The acting under authority of, or on account of, another.
(b) The thing to be done as agent for another; as, I have three
commissions for the city.
(c) The brokerage or allowance made to a factor or agent for
transacting business for another; as, a commission of ten per cent on
sales. See Del credere. Commission of array. (Eng. Hist.) See under
Array.
 -- Commission of bankrupty, a commission apointing and empowering
certain persons to examine into the facts relative to an alleged
bankrupty, and to secure the bankrupt's lands and effects for the
creditors.
 -- Commission of lunacy, a commission authoring and inquiry whether
a person is a lunatic or not.
 -- Commission merchant, one who buys or sells goods on commission,
as the agent of others, receiving a rate per cent as his
compensation.
 -- Commission, or Commissioned, officer (Mil.), one who has a
commission, in distingtion from a noncommossioned or warrant officer.
 -- Commission of the peace, a commission under the great seal,
constituting one or more persons justices of the peace. [Eng.] -- To
put a vessel into commission (Naut.), to equip and man a goverment
vessel, and send it out on service after it has been laid up; esp.,
the formal act of tacking command of a vessel for service, hoisting
the flag, reading the orders, etc.
 -- To put a vessel out of commission (Naut.), to detach the officers
and crew and retire it from active service, temporarily or
permanently.
 -- To put the great seal, or the Treasury, into commission, to place
it in the hands of a commissioner or commissioners during the
abeyance of the ordinary administration, as between the going out of
one lord keeper and accession of another. [Eng.] -- The United States
Christians Commission, an organization among the people of the North,
during the Civil War, which afforded material comforts to the Union
soldiers, and performed services of a religious character in the
field and in hospitals.
 -- The United States Sanitary Commission, an organization formed by
the people of the North to coöperate with and supplement the medical
department of the Union armies during the Civil War.

Syn.
 -- Charge; warrant; authority; mandate; office; trust; employment.

COMMISSION
Com*mis"sion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Commissioned; p. pr & vb. n.
Commissioning.]

1. To give a commission to; to furnish with a commission; to empower
or authorize; as, to commission persons to perform certain acts; to
commission an officer.

2. To send out with a charge or commission.
A chosen band He first commissions to the Latian land. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To appoint; depute; authorize; empower; delegate; constitute;
ordain.

COMMISSIONAIRE
Com*mis`sion*aire", n. [F. commissionnaire. Cf. Commissioner.]

1. One intrusted with a commission, now only a small commission, as
an errand; esp., an attendant or subordinate employee in a public
office, hotel, or the like. The commissionaire familiar to European
travelers performs miscellaneous services as a light porter,
messenger, solicitor for hotels, etc.

2.  One of a corps of pensioned soldiers, as in London, employed as
doorkeepers, messengers, etc.

COMMISSIONAL; COMMISSIONARY
Com*mis"sion*al, Com*mis"sion*a*ry a.

Defn: Of pertaining to, or conferring, a commission; conferred by a
commission or warrant. [R.]
Delegate or commissionary authority. Bp. Hall.

COMMISSIONATE
Com*mis"sion*ate, v. t.

Defn: To commission [Obs.]

COMMISSIONER
Com*mis"sion*er, n.

1. A person who has a commission or warrant to perform some office,
or execute some bussiness, for the goverment, corporation, or person
employing him; as, a commissioner to take affidavits or to adjust
claims.
To another adress which requisted that a commission might be sent to
examine into the state of things in Ireland, William returned a
gracious answer, and desired the Commons to name the commissioners.
Macaulay.

2. An officer having charge of some department or bureau of the
public service.
Herbert was first commissioner of the Admiralty. Macaulay.
The commissioner of patents, the commissioner of the land office, the
commissioner of Indian affairs, are subotdinates of the secretary of
the interior. Bartlett.
Commissioner of deeds, an officer having authority to take
affidavits, depositions, acknowledgment of deeds, etc., for use in
the State by which he is appointed. [U. S.] -- County commissioners,
certain administrative officers in some of the States, invested by
local laws with various powers in reference to the roads,
courthouses, financial matters, etc., of the county. [U. S.]

COMMISSIONNAIRE
Com*mis`sion*naire" (; F. ), n. Etym: [F., fr. L. commissio.]

1. An agent or factor; a commission merchant.

2. One of a class of attendants, in some European cities, who perform
miscellaneous services for travelers.

COMMISSIONSHIP
Com*mis"sion*ship, n.

Defn: The office of commissioner. Sir W. Scott.

COMMISSIVE
Com*mis"sive, a.

Defn: Relating to commission; of the nature of, or involving,
commission. [R.]

COMMISSURAL
Com*mis"su*ral ( or ), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a commissure.

COMMISSURE
Com*mis"sure ( or ; 134-6), n. Etym: [L. commissura a joing together:
cf. F. commissure. See Commit.]

1. A joint, seam, or closure; the place where two bodies, or parts of
a body, meet and unite; an interstice, cleft, or juncture.

2. (Anat. & Zoöl.)
(a) The point of union between two parts, as the angles of the lips
or eyelids, the mandibles of a bird, etc.
(b) A collection of fibers connecting parts of the brain or spinal
marrow; a chiasma.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The line of junction or cohering face of two carpels, as in the
parsnip, caraway, etc.

COMMIT
Com*mit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Commited; p. pr. & vb. n. Commiting.]
Etym: [L. committere, commissum, to connect, commit; com- + mittere
to send. See Mission.]

1. To give in trust; to put into charge or keeping; to intrust; to
consign; -- used with to, unto.
Commit thy way unto the Lord. Ps. xxxvii. 5.
Bid him farewell, commit him to the grave. Shak.

2. To put in charge of a jailor; to imprison.
These two were commited. Clarendon.

3. To do; to perperate, as a crime, sin, or fault.
Thou shalt not commit adultery. Ex. xx. 14.

4. To join a contest; to match; -- followed by with. [R.] Dr. H.
More.

5. To pledge or bind; to compromise, expose, or endanger by some
decisive act or preliminary step; -- often used reflexively; as, to
commit one's self to a certain course.
You might have satisfied every duty of political friendship, without
commiting the honor of your sovereign. Junius.
Any sudden assent to the proposal . . . might possibly be considered
as committing the faith of the United States. Marshall.

6. To confound. [An obsolete Latinism.]
Committing short and long [quantities]. Milton.
To commit a bill (Legislation), to refer or intrust it to a committee
or others, to be considered and reported.
 -- To commit to memory, or To commit, to learn by heart; to
memorize.

Syn.
 -- To Commit, Intrust, Consign. These words have in common the idea
of transferring from one's self to the care and custody of another.
Commit is the widest term, and may express only the general idea of
delivering into the charge of another; as, to commit a lawsuit to the
care of an attorney; or it may have the special sense of intrusting
with or without limitations, as to a superior power, or to a careful
servant, or of consigning, as to writing or paper, to the flames, or
to prison. To intrust denotes the act of committing to the exercise
of confidence or trust; as, to intrust a friend with the care of a
child, or with a secret. To consign is a more formal act, and regards
the thing transferred as placed chiefly or wholly out of one's
immediate control; as, to consign a pupil to the charge of his
instructor; to consign goods to an agent for sale; to consign a work
to the press.

COMMIT
Com"mit, v. i.

Defn: To sin; esp., to be incontinent. [Obs.]
Commit not with man's sworn spouse. Shak.

COMMITMENT
Com*mit"ment, n.

1. The act of commiting, or putting in charge, keeping, or trust;
consigment; esp., the act of commiting to prison.
They were glad to compound for his bare commitment to the Tower,
whence he was within few days enlarged. Clarendon.

2. A warrant or order for the imprisonment of a person; -- more
frequently termed a mittimus.

3. The act of referring or intrusting to a committee for
consideration and report; as, the commitment of a petition or a bill.

4. A doing, or preperation, in a bad sense, as of a crime or blunder;
commission.

5. The act of pledging or engaging; the act of exposing, endangering,
or compromising; also, the state of being pledged or engaged.
Hamilton.

COMMITTABLE
Com*mit"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being committed.

COMMITTAL
Com*mit"tal, n.

Defn: The act of commiting, or the state of being committed;
commitment.

COMMITTEE
Com*mit"tee, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. comité company, and LL. comitatus
jurisdiction or territory of a count, county, assize, army. The word
was apparently influenced by the verb commit, but not directly formed
from it. Cf. County.]

Defn: One or more persons elected or appointed, to whom any matter or
bussiness is referred, either by a legislative body, or by a court,
or by any collective body of men acting together. Commitee of the
whole [house], a committee, embracing all the members present, into
which a legislative or deliberative body sometimes resolves itself,
for the purpose of considering a particular measure under the
operation of different rules from those governing the general
legislative proceedings. The committee of the whole has its own
chairman, and reports its action in the form of recommendations.
 -- Standing committee. See under Standing.

COMMITTEE
Com`mit*tee", n. Etym: [From Commit, v. t.] (Law)

Defn: One to whom the charge of the person or estate of another, as
of a lunatic, is committed by suitable authority; a guardian.

COMMITTEEMAN
Com*mit"tee*man, n.

Defn: A member of a committee.

COMMITTER
Com*mit"ter, n.

1. One who commits; one who does or perpetrates. South.

2. A fornicator. [Obs.] T. Decker.

COMMITTIBLE
Com*mit"ti*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being committed; liable to be committed. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.

COMMIX
Com*mix", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Commixed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Commixing.] Etym: [Pref. com+ + mix: cf. L. commixtus, p. p.of
commiscere. See Mix.]

Defn: To mix or mingle together; to blend.
The commixed impressions of all the colors do stir up and beget a
sensation of white. Sir I. Newton.
To commix With winds that sailors rail at. Shak.

COMMIXION
Com*mix"ion, n. Etym: [See Commix.]

Defn: Commixture. Shak.

COMMIXTION
Com*mix"tion, n. Etym: [L. commixtio.]

Defn: Commixture; mingling. [R.]
An exact commixtion of the ingredients. Boyle.

COMMIXTURE
Com*mix"ture, n. Etym: [L. commixtura.]

1. The act or process of mixing; the state of being mingled; the
blending of ingredients in one mass or compound.
In the commixture of anything that is more oily or sweet, such bodies
are least apt to putrefy. Bacon.

2. The mass formed by mingling different things; a compound; a
mixture. Bacon.

COMMODATE
Com"mo*date, n. Etym: [L. commodatum thing lent, loan.] (Scots Law)

Defn: A gratuitous loan.

COMMODE
Com*mode", n. Etym: [F. commode, fr. commode convenient, L. commodus;
com- + modus measure, mode. See Mode.]

1. A kind of headdress formerly worn by ladies, raising the hair and
fore part of the cap to a great height.
Or under high commodes, with looks erect. Granville.

2. A piece of furniture, so named according to temporary fashion; as:
(a) A cheat of drawers or a bureau. (b) A night stand with a
compartment for holding a chamber vessel. (c) A kind of close stool.
(d) A movable sink for a wash bowl, with closet.

COMMODIOUS
Com*mo"di*ous, a. Etym: [LL. commodiosus, fr. L. commodum
convenience, fr. commodus. See Commode.]

Defn: Adapted to its use or purpose, or to wants and necessities;
serviceable; spacious and convenient; roomy and comfortable; as, a
commodious house. "A commodious drab." Shak. "Commodious gold." Pope.
The haven was not commodious to winter in. Acts. xxvii. 12.

Syn.
 -- Convenient; suitable; fit; proper; advantageous; serviceable;
useful; spacious; comfortable.

COMMODIOUSLY
Com*mo"di*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a commodious manner.
To pass commodiously this life. Milton.

COMMODIOUSNESS
Com*mo"di*ous*ness, n.

Defn: State of being commodious; suitableness for its purpose;
convience; roominess.
Of cities, the greatness and riches increase according to the
commodiousness of their situation. Sir W. Temple.
The commodiousness of the harbor. Johnson.

COMMODITY
Com*mod"i*ty, n.; pl. Commodities. Etym: [F. commodit, fr. L.
commoditas. See Commode.]

1. Convenience; accommodation; profit; benefit; advantage; interest;
commodiousness. [Obs.]
Drawn by the commodity of a footpath. B. Jonson.
Men may seek their own commodity, yet if this were done with injury
to others, it was not to be suffered. Hooker.

2. That which affords convenience, advantage, or profit, especially
in commerce, including everything movable that is bought and sold
(except animals), -- goods, wares, merchandise, produce of land and
manufactures, etc.

3. A parcel or quantity of goods. [Obs.]
A commodity of brown paper and old ginger. Shak.

COMMODORE
Com"mo*dore`, n. Etym: [Prob. a corruption of commander, or Sp.
comendador a knight of a military order who holds a commandery; also
a superior of a monastery;, fr. LL. commendare to command. Cf.
Commend, Command, Commander.]

1. (U. S. Navy)

Defn: An officer who ranks next above a captain; sometimes, by
courtesy, the senior captain of a squadron. The rank of commodore
corresponds with that of brigadier general in the army.

2. (Brititsh Navy)

Defn: A captain commanding a squadron, or a division of a fleet, or
having the temporary rank of rear admiral.

3. A title given courtesy to the senior captain of a line of merchant
vessels, and also to the chief officer of a yachting or rowing club.

4. A familiar for the flagchip, or for the principal vessel of a
squadron or fleet.

COMMON
Com"mon, a. [Compar. Commoner; superl. Commonest.] Etym: [OE. commun,
comon, OF. comun, F. commun, fr. L. communis; com- + munis ready to
be of service; cf. Skr. mi to make fast, set up, build, Coth. gamains
common, G. gemein, and E. mean low, common. Cf. Immunity, Commune, n.
& v.]

1. Belonging or relating equally, or similary, to more than one; as,
you and I have a common interest in the property.
Though life and sense be common to men and brutes. Sir M. Hale.

2. Belonging to or shared by, affecting or serving, all the members
of a class, consired together; general; public; as, propertis common
to all plants; the common schools; the Book of Common Prayer.
Such actions as the common good requereth. Hocker.
The common enemy of man. Shak.

3. Often met with; usual; frequent; customary.
Grief more than common grief. Shak.

4. Not distinguished or exceptional; inconspicuous; ordinary;
plebeian; -- often in a depreciatory sense.
The honest, heart-felt enjoyment of common life. W. Irving.
This fact was infamous And ill beseeming any common man, Much more a
knight, a captain and a leader. Shak.
Above the vulgar flight of common souls. A. Murpphy.

5. Profane; polluted. [Obs.]
What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common. Acts x. 15.

6. Given to habits of lewdness; prostitute.
A dame who herself was common. L'Estrange.
Common bar (Law) Same as Blank bar, under Blank.
 -- Common barrator (Law), one who makes a business of instigating
litigation.
 -- Common Bench, a name sometimes given to the English Court of
Common Pleas.
 -- Common brawler (Law), one addicted to public brawling and
quarreling. See Brawler.
 -- Common carrier (Law), one who undertakes the office of carrying
(goods or persons) for hire. Such a carrier is bound to carry in all
cases when he has accommodation, and when his fixed price is
tendered, and he is liable for all losses and injuries to the goods,
except those which happen in consequence of the act of God, or of the
enemies of the country, or of the owner of the property himself.
 -- Common chord (Mus.), a chord consisting of the fundamental tone,
with its third and fifth.
 -- Common council, the representative (legislative) body, or the
lower branch of the representative body, of a city or other munisipal
corporation.
 -- Common crier, the crier of a town or city.
 -- Common divisor (Math.), a number or quantity that divides two or
more numbers or quantities without a remainder; a common measure.
 -- Common gender (Gram.), the gender comprising words that may be of
either the masculine or the feminine gender.
 -- Common law, a system of jurisprudence developing under the
guidance of the courts so as to apply a consistent and reasonable
rule to each litigated case. It may be superseded by statute, but
unless superseded it controls. Wharton.

Note: It is by others defined as the unwritten law (especially of
England), the law that receives its binding force from immemorial
usage and universal reception, as ascertained and expressed in the
judgments of the courts. This term is often used in contradistinction
from statute law. Many use it to designate a law common to the whole
country. It is also used to designate the whole body of English (or
other) law, as distinguished from its subdivisions, local, civil,
admiralty, equity, etc. See Law.
 -- Common lawyer, one versed in common law.
 -- Common lewdness (Law), the habitual performance of lewd acts in
public.
 -- Common multiple (Arith.) See under Multiple.
 -- Common noun (Gram.), the name of any one of a class of objects,
as distinguished from a proper noun (the name of a particular person
or thing).
 -- Common nuisance (Law), that which is deleterious to the health or
comfort or sense of decency of the community at large.
 -- Common pleas, one of the three superior courts of common law at
Westminster, presided over by a chief justice and four puisne judges.
Its jurisdiction is confined to civil matters. Courts bearing this
title exist in several of the United States, having, however, in some
cases, botth civil and criminal jurisdiction extending over the whole
State. In other States the jurisdiction of the common pleas is
limited to a county, and it is sometimes called a county court. Its
powers are generally defined by statute.
 -- Common prayer, the liturgy of the Church of England, or of the
Protestant Episcopal church of the United States, which all its
clergy are enjoined use. It is contained in the Book of Common
Prayer.
 -- Common school, a school maintained at the public expense, and
open to all.
 -- Common scold (Law), a woman addicted to scolding
indiscriminately, in public.
 -- Common seal, a seal adopted and used by a corporation.
 -- Common sense. (a) A supposed sense which was held to be the
common bond of all the others. [Obs.] Trench. (b) Sound judgment. See
under Sense.
 -- Common time (Mus.), that variety of time in which the measure
consists of two or of four equal portions.
 -- In common, equally with another, or with others; owned, shared,
or used, in community with others; affecting or affected equally.
 -- Out of the common, uncommon; extraordinary.
 -- Tenant in common, one holding real or personal property in common
with others, having distinct but undivided interests. See Joint
tenant, under Joint.
 -- To make common cause with, to join or ally one's self with.

Syn.
 -- General; public; popular; universal; frequent; ordinary;
customary; usual; familiar; habitual; vulgar; mean; trite; stale;
threadbare; commonplace. See Mutual, Ordinary, General.

COMMON
Com"mon, n.

1. The people; the community. [Obs.] "The weal o' the common." Shak.

2. An inclosed or uninclosed tract of ground for pleasure, for
pasturage, etc., the use of which belongs to the public; or to a
number of persons.

3. (Law)

Defn: The right of taking a profit in the land of another, in common
either with the owner or with other persons; -- so called from the
community of interest which arises between the claimant of the right
and the owner of the soil, or between the claimants and other
commoners entitled to the same right. Common appendant, a right
belonging to the owners or occupiers of arable land to put commonable
beasts upon the waste land in the manor where they dwell.
 -- Common appurtenant, a similar right applying to lands in other
manors, or extending to other beasts, besides those which are
generally commonable, as hogs.
 -- Common because of vicinage or neighborhood, the right of the
inhabitants of each of two townships, lying contiguous to each other,
which have usually intercommoned with one another, to let their
beasts stray into the other's fields.
 -- Common in gross or at large, a common annexed to a man's person,
being granted to him and his heirs by deed; or it may be claimed by
prescriptive right, as by a parson of a church or other corporation
sole. Blackstone.
 -- Common of estovers, the right of taking wood from another's
estate.
 -- Common of pasture, the right of feeding beasts on the land of
another. Burill.
 -- Common of piscary, the right of fishing in waters belonging to
another.
 -- Common of turbary, the right of digging turf upon the ground of
another.

COMMON
Com"mon, v. i.

1. To converse together; to discourse; to confer. [Obs.]
Embassadors were sent upon both parts, and divers means of entreaty
were commoned of. Grafton.

2. To participate. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

3. To have a joint right with others in common ground. Johnson.

4. To board together; to eat at a table in common.

COMMONABLE
Com"mon*a*ble, a.

1. Held in common. "Forests . . . and other commonable places."
Bacon.

2. Allowed to pasture on public commons.
Commonable beasts are either beasts of the plow, or such as manure
the ground. Blackstone.

COMMONAGE
Com"mon*age, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. communage.]

Defn: The right of pasturing on a common; the right of using anything
in common with others.
The claim of comonage . . . in most of the forests. Burke.

COMMONALTY
Com"mon*al*ty, n.; pl. Commonalties. Etym: [Of. communalté; F.
communauté, fr. communal. See Communal.]

1. The common people; those classes and conditions of people who are
below the rank of nobility; the commons.
The commonalty, like the nobility, are divided into several degrees.
Blackstone.
The ancient fare of our kings differed from that of the commonalty in
plenteousness only. Landon.

2. The majority or bulk of mankind. [Obs.] Hooker.

COMMONER
Com"mon*er, n.

1. One of the common people; one having no rank of nobility.
All below them [the peers] even their children, were commoners, and
in the eye law equal to each other. Hallam.

2. A member of the House of Commons.

3. One who has a joint right in common ground.
Much good land might be gained from forests . . . and from other
commonable places, so as always there be a due care taken that the
poor commoners have no injury. Bacon.

4. One sharing with another in anything. [Obs.] Fuller.

5. A student in the university of Oxford, Eng., who is not dependent
on any foundation for support, but pays all university charges; -- at
Cambrige called a pensioner.

6. A prostitute. [Obs.] Shak.

COMMONISH
Com"mon*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat common; commonplace; vulgar.

COMMONITION
Com`mo*ni"tion, n. Etym: [L. commonitio. See Monition.]

Defn: Advice; warning; instruction. [Obs.] Bailey.

COMMONITIVE
Com*mon"i*tive, a.

Defn: Monitory. [Obs.]
Only commemorative and commonitive. Bp. Hall.

COMMONITORY
Com*mon"i*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. commonitorius.]

Defn: Calling to mind; giving admonition. [Obs.] Foxe.

COMMONLY
Com"mon*ly, adv.

1. Usually; generally; ordinarily; frequently; for the most part; as,
confirmed habits commonly continue trough life.

2. In common; familiary. [Obs.] Spenser.

COMMONNESS
Com"mon*ness, n.

1. State or quality of being common or usual; as, the commonness of
sunlight.

2. Triteness; meanness.

COMMONPLACE
Com"mon*place`, a.

Defn: Common; ordinary; trite; as, a commonplace person, or
observation.

COMMONPLACE
Com"mon*place`, n.

1. An idea or expression wanting originality or interest; a trite or
customary remark; a platitude.

2. A memorandum; something to be frequently consulted or referred to.
Whatever, in my reading, occurs concerning this our fellow creature,
I do never fail to set it down by way of commonplace. Swift.
Commonplace book, a book in which records are made of things to be
remembered.

COMMONPLACE
Com"mon*place`, v. t.

Defn: To enter in a commonplace book, or to reduce to general heads.
Felton.

COMMONPLACE
Com"mon*place`, v. i.

Defn: To utter commonplaces; to indulge in platitudes. [Obs.] Bacon.

COMMONPLACENESS
Com"mon*place`ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being commonplace; commonness.

COMMONS
Com"mons, n. pl.,

1. The mass of the people, as distinguished from the titled chasses
or nobility; the commonalty; the common people. [Eng.]
'T is like the commons, rude unpolished hinds, Could send such
message to their sovereign. Shak.
The word commons in its present ordinary signification comprises all
the people who are under the rank of peers. Blackstone.

2. The House of Commons, or lower house of the British Parliament,
consisting of representatives elected by the qualified voters of
counties, boroughs, and universities.
It is agreed that the Commons were no part of the great council till
some ages after the Conquest. Hume.

3. Provisions; food; fare, -- as that provided at a common table in
colleges and universities.
Their commons, though but coarse, were nothing scant. Dryden.

4. A club or association for boarding at a common table, as in a
college, the members sharing the expenses equally; as, to board in
commons.

5. A common; public pasture ground.
To shake his ears, and graze in commons. Shak.
Doctors' Commons, a place near St. Paul's Chuchyard in London where
the doctors of civil law used to common together, and where were the
ecclesiastical and admiralty courts and offices having jurisdiction
of marriage licenses, divorces, registration of wills, etc.
 -- To be on short commons, to have small allowance of food.
[Colloq.]

COMMON SENSE
Com"mon sense".

Defn: See Common sense, under Sense.

COMMONTY
Com"mon*ty, n. (Scots Law)

Defn: A common; a piece of land in which two or more persons have a
common right. Bell.

COMMONWEAL
Com"mon*weal", n. [Common + weal.]

Defn: Commonwealth.
Such a prince, So kind a father of the commonweal. Shak.

COMMONWEALTH
Com"mon*wealth`, n. Etym: [Common + wealth well-being.]

1. A state; a body politic consisting of a certain number of men,
united, by compact or tacit agreement, under one form of government
and system of laws.
The trappings of a monarchy would set up an ordinary commonwealth.
Milton.

Note: This term is applied to governments which are considered as
free or popular, but rarely, or improperly, to an absolute
government. The word signifies, strictly, the common well-being or
happiness; and hence, a form of government in which the general
welfare is regarded rather than the welfare of any class.

2. The whole body of people in a state; the public.

3. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: Specifically, the form of government established on the death
of Charles I., in 1649, which existed under Oliver Cromwell and his
son Richard, ending with the abdication of the latter in 1659.

Syn.
 -- State; realm; republic.

COMMORANCE
Com"mo*rance, n.

Defn: See Commorancy.

COMMORANCY
Com"mo*ran*cy, n.

1. (Law)

Defn: A dwelling or ordinary residence in a place; habitation.
Commorancy consists in usually lying there. Blackstone.

2. (Am. Law)

Defn: Residence temporarily, or for a short time.

COMMORANT
Com"mo*rant, n. Etym: [L. commorans, p. pr. of commorari to abide;
com- + morari to delay.]

1. (Law)

Defn: Ordinarily residing; inhabiting.
All freeholders within the precinct . . . and all persons commorant
therein. Blackstone.

2. (Am. Law)

Defn: Inhabiting or occupying temporarily.

COMMORANT
Com"mo*rant, n.

Defn: A resident. Bp. Hacket.

COMMORATION
Com`mo*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. commoratio.]

Defn: The act of staying or residing in a place. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

COMMORIENT
Com*mo"ri*ent, a. Etym: [L. commoriens, p. pr. of commoriri.]

Defn: Dying together or at the same time. [R.] Sir G. Buck.

COMMORSE
Com*morse", n. Etym: [L. commorsus, p. p. of commordere to bite
sharply.]

Defn: Remorse. [Obs.] "With sad commorse." Daniel.

COMMOTE
Com*mote", v. t. Etym: [See Commove.]

Defn: To commove; to disturb; to stir up. [R.]
Society being more or less commoted and made uncomfortable.
Hawthorne.

COMMOTION
Com*mo"tion, n. Etym: [L. commotio: cf. F. commotion. See Motion.]

1. Disturbed or violent motion; agitation.
[What] commotion in the winds! Shak.

2. A popular tumult; public disturbance; riot.
When ye shall hear of wars and commotions. Luke xxi. 9.

3. Agitation, perturbation, or disorder, of mind; heat; excitement.
"He could not debate anything without some commotion." Clarendon.

Syn.
 -- Excitement; agitation; perturbation; disturbance; tumult;
disorder; violence.

COMMOVE
Com*move", v. t. [inp. & p. p. Commoved; p. pr. & vb. n. Commoving.]
Etym: [L. commovere, commotum; com- + movere to move.]

1. To urge; to persuade; to incite. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To put in motion; to disturb; to unsettle. [R.]
Straight the sands, Commoved around, in gathering eddies play.
Thomson.

COMMUNAL
Com"mu*nal ( or ), a. Etym: [Cf. F. communal.]

Defn: Pertaining to a commune.

COMMUNALISM
Com"mu*nal*ism, n.

Defn: A French theory of government which holds that commune should
be a kind of independent state, and the national government a
confederation of such states, having only limited powers. It is
advocated by advanced French republicans; but it should not be
confounded with communism.

COMMUNALIST
Com"mu*nal*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. communaliste.]

Defn: An advocate of communalism.

COMMUNALISTIC
Com`mu*nal*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to communalism.

COMMUNE
Com*mune", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Communed; p. pr. & vb. n. Communing.]
Etym: [OF. communier, fr. L. communicare to communicate, fr. communis
common. See Common, and cf. Communicate.]

1. To converse together with sympathy and confidence; to interchange
sentiments or feelings; to take counsel.
I would commune with you of such things That want no ear but yours.
Shak.

2. To receive the communion; to partake of the eucharist or Lord's
supper.
To commune under both kinds. Bp. Burnet.
To commune with one's self or one's heart, to think; to reflect; to
meditate.

COMMUNE
Com"mune, n.

Defn: Communion; sympathetic intercourse or conversation between
friends.
For days of happy commune dead. Tennyson.

COMMUNE
Com"mune, n. Etym: [F., fr. commun. See Common.]

1. The commonalty; the common people. [Obs.] Chaucer.
In this struggle -- to use the technical words of the time -- of the
"commune", the general mass of the inhabitants, against the
"prudhommes" or "wiser" few. J. R. Green.

2. A small terrotorial district in France under the government of a
mayor and municipal council; also, the inhabitants, or the
government, of such a district. See Arrondissement.

3. Absolute municipal self-government. The Commune of Paris, or The
Commune (a) The government established in Paris (1792-94) by a
usurpation of supreme power on the part of representatives chosen by
the communes; the period of its continuance is known as the "Reign of
Terror." (b) The revolutionary government, modeled on the commune of
1792, which the communists, so called, attempted to establish in
1871.

COMMUNICABILITY
Com*mu`ni*ca*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. communicabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being communicable; capability of being
imparted.

COMMUNICABLE
Com*mu"ni*ca*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. communicable, LL. communicabilis.]

1. Capable of being communicated, or imparted; as, a communicable
disease; communicable knowledge.

2. Communicative; free-speaking. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
 -- Com*mu"ni*ca*ble*ness, n.
 -- Com*mu"ni*ca"bly, adv.

COMMUNICANT
Com*mu"ni*cant, n. Etym: [L. communicans, p. pr.]

1. One who partakes of, or is entitled to partake of, the sacrament
of the Lord's supper; a church member.
A never-failing monthly communicant. Atterbury.

2. One who communicates. Foxe.

COMMUNICANT
Com*mu"ni*cant, a.

Defn: Communicating. [R.] Coleridge.

COMMUNICATE
Com*mu"ni*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Communicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Communicating.] Etym: [L. communicatus, p. p. of communicare to
communicate, fr. communis common. See Commune, v. i.]

1. To share in common; to participate in. [Obs.]
To thousands that communicate our loss. B. Jonson

2. To impart; to convey; as, to communicate a disease or a sensation;
to communicate motion by means of a crank.
Where God is worshiped, there he communicates his blessings and holy
influences. Jer. Taylor.

3. To make known; to recount; to give; to impart; as, to communicate
information to any one.

4. To administer the communion to. [R.]
She [the church] . . . may communicate him. Jer. Taylor.

Note: This verb was formerly followed by with before the person
receiving, but now usually takes to after it.
He communicated those thoughts only with the Lord Digby. Clarendon.

Syn.
 -- To impart; bestow; confer; reveal; disclose; tell; announce;
recount; make known.
 -- To Communicate, Impart, Reveal. Communicate is the more general
term, and denotes the allowing of others to partake or enjoy in
common with ourselves. Impart is more specific. It is giving to
others a part of what we had held as our own, or making them our
partners; as, to impart our feelings; to impart of our property, etc.
Hence there is something more intimate in imparting intelligence than
in communicating it. To reveal is to disclose something hidden or
concealed; as, to reveal a secret.

COMMUNICATE
Com*mu"ni*cate, v. i.

1. To share or participate; to possess or enjoy in common; to have
sympathy.
Ye did communicate with my affliction. Philip. iv. 4.

2. To give alms, sympathy, or aid.
To do good and to communicate forget not. Heb. xiii. 16.

3. To have intercourse or to be the means of intercourse; as, to
communicate with another on business; to be connected; as, a
communicating artery.
Subjects suffered to communicate and to have intercourse of traffic.
Hakluyt.
The whole body is nothing but a system of such canals, which all
communicate with one another. Arbutnot.

4. To partake of the Lord's supper; to commune.
The primitive Christians communicated every day. Jer. Taylor.

COMMUNICATION
Com*mu`ni*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. communicatio.]

1. The act or fact of communicating; as, communication of smallpox;
communication of a secret.

2. Intercourse by words, letters, or messages; interchange of
thoughts or opinions, by conference or other means; conference;
correspondence.
Argument . . . and friendly communication. Shak.

3. Association; company.
Evil communications corrupt manners. 1 Cor. xv. 33.

4. Means of communicating; means of passing from place to place; a
connecting passage; connection.
The Euxine Sea is conveniently situated for trade, by the
communication it has both with Asia and Europe. Arbuthnot.

5. That which is communicated or imparted; intelligence; news; a
verbal or written message.

6. Participation in the Lord's supper. Bp. Pearson.

7. (Rhet.)

Defn: A trope, by which a speaker assumes that his hearer is a
partner in his sentiments, and says we, instead of I or you. Beattie.

Syn.
 -- Correspondence; conference; intercourse.

COMMUNICATIVE
Com*mu"ni*ca*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. Communicatif, LL.
communicativus.]

Defn: Inclined to communicate; ready to impart to others.
Determine, for the future, to be less communicative. Swift.

COMMUNICATIVENESS
Com*mu"ni*ca*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being communicative. Norris.

COMMUNICATOR
Com*mu"ni*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who communicates. Boyle.

COMMUNICATORY
Com*mu"ni*ca"to*ry, a. Etym: [LL. communicatorius.]

Defn: Imparting knowledge or information.
Canonical and communicatory letters. Barrow.

COMMUNION
Com*mun"ion, n. Etym: [L. communio: cf. F. communion. See Common.]

1. The act of sharing; community; participation. "This communion of
goods." Blackstone.

2. Intercourse between two or more persons; esp., intimate
association and intercourse implying sympathy and confidence;
interchange of thoughts, purposes, etc.; agreement; fellowship; as,
the communion of saints.
We are naturally induced to seek communion and fellowship with
others. Hooker.
What communion hath light with darkness 2 Cor. vi. 14.
Bare communion with a good church can never alone make a good man.
South.

3. A body of Christians having one common faith and discipline; as,
the Presbyterian communion.

4. The sacrament of the eucharist; the celebration of the Lord's
supper; the act of partaking of the sacrament; as, to go to
communion; to partake of the communion. Close communion. See under
Close, a.
 -- Communion elements, the bread and wine used in the celebration of
the Lord's supper.
 -- Communion service, the celebration of the Lord's supper, or the
office or service therefor.
 -- Communion table, the table upon which the elements are placed at
the celebration of the Lord's supper.
 -- Communion in both kinds, participation in both the bread and wine
by all communicants.
 -- Communion in one kind, participation in but one element, as in
the Roman Catholic Church, where the laity partake of the bread only.

Syn.
 -- Share; participation; fellowship; converse; intercourse; unity;
concord; agreement.

COMMUNISM
Com"mu*nism, n. Etym: [F. communisme, fr. commun common.]

Defn: A scheme of equalizing the social conditions of life;
specifically, a scheme which contemplates the abolition of
inequalities in the possession of property, as by distributing all
wealth equally to all, or by holding all wealth in common for the
equal use and advantage of all.

Note: At different times, and in different countries, various schemes
pertaining to socialism in government and the conditions of domestic
life, as well as in the distribution of wealth, have been called
communism.

COMMUNIST
Com"mu*nist, n. Etym: [F. communiste.]

1. An advocate for the theory or practice of communism.

2. A supporter of the commune of Paris.

COMMUNISTIC
Com`mu*nis"tic, a.

1. Of or pertaining to communism or communists; as, communistic
theories.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Living or having their nests in common, as certain birds.

COMMUNITY
Com*mu"ni*ty, n.; pl. Communities. Etym: [L. communitas: cf. OF.
communité. Cf. Commonalty, and see Common.]

1. Common possession or enjoyment; participation; as, a community of
goods.
The original community of all things. Locke.
An unreserved community of thought and feeling. W. Irwing.

2. A body of people having common rights, privileges, or interests,
or living in the same place under the same laws and regulations; as,
a community of monks. Hence a number of animals living in a common
home or with some apparent association of interests.
Creatures that in communities exist. Wordsworth.

3. Society at large; a commonwealth or state; a body politic; the
public, or people in general.
Burdens upon the poorer classes of the community. Hallam.

Note: In this sense, the term should be used with the definite
article; as, the interests of the community.

4. Common character; likeness. [R.]
The essential community of nature between organic growth and
inorganic growth. H. Spencer.

5. Commonness; frequency. [Obs.]
Eyes . . . sick and blunted with community. Shak.

COMMUTABILITY
Com*mu`ta*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being commutable.

COMMUTABLE
Com*mut"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. commutabilis.]

Defn: Capable of being commuted or interchanged.
The predicate and subject are not commutable. Whately.

COMMUTABLENESS
Com*mut"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being commutable; interchangeableness.

COMMUTATION
Com`mu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. commutatio: cf. F. commutation.]

1. A passing from one state to another; change; alteration; mutation.
[R.]
So great is the commutation that the soul then hated only that which
now only it loves. South.

2. The act of giving one thing for another; barter; exchange. [Obs.]
The use of money is . . . that of saving the commutation of more
bulky commodities. Arbuthnot.

3. (Law)

Defn: The change of a penalty or punishment by the pardoning power of
the State; as, the commutation of a sentence of death to banishment
or imprisonment.
Suits are allowable in the spiritual courts for money agreed to be
given as a commutation for penance. Blackstone.

4. A substitution, as of a less thing for a greater, esp. a
substitution of one form of payment for another, or one payment for
many, or a specific sum of money for conditional payments or
allowances; as, commutation of tithes; commutation of fares;
commutation of copyright; commutation of rations. Angle of
commutation (Astron.), the difference of the geocentric longitudes of
the sun and a planet.
 -- Commutation of tithes, the substitution of a regular payment,
chargeable to the land, for the annual tithes in kind.
 -- Commutation ticket, a ticket, as for transportation, which is the
evidence of a contract for service at a reduced rate. See 2d Commute,
2.

COMMUTATION TICKET
Com`mu*ta"tion tick"et.

Defn: A ticket for transportation at a reduced rate in consideration
of some special circumstance, as increase of travel; specif., a
ticket for a certain number of, or for daily, trips between
neighboring places at a reduced rate, such as are commonly used by
those doing business in a city and living in a suburb. Commutation
tickets are excepted from the prohibition against special rates
contained in the Interstate Commerce Act of Feb. 4, 1887 (24 Stat.
379), and in 145 U. S. 263 it was held that party tickets were also
excepted as being "obviously within the commuting principle."

COMMUTATIVE
Com*mut"a*tive, a. Etym: [CF. F. commutatif.]

Defn: Relative to exchange; interchangeable; reciprocal.
 -- Com*mut"a*tive"ly, adv.
Rich traders, from their success, are presumed . . . to have
cultivated an habitual regard to commutative justice. Burke.

COMMUTATOR
Com"mu*ta`tor, n. (Elec.)

Defn: A piece of apparatus used for reversing the direction of an
electrical current; an attachment to certain electrical machines, by
means of which alternating currents are made to be continuous or to
have the same direction.

COMMUTE
Com*mute", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Commuted; p. pr. & vb. n. Commuting.]
Etym: [L. commutare, -mutatum; com- + mutare to change. See
Mutation.]

Defn: To exchange; to put or substitute something else in place of,
as a smaller penalty, obligation, or payment, for a greater, or a
single thing for an aggregate; hence; to lessen; to diminish; as, to
commute a sentence of death to one of imprisonment for life; to
commute tithes; to commute charges for fares.
The sounds water and fire, being once annexed to those two elements,
it was certainly more natural to call beings participating of the
first "watery", and the last "fiery", than to commute the terms, and
call them by the reverse. J. Harris
The utmost that could be obtained was that her sentence should be
commuted from burning to beheading. Macaulay.

COMMUTE
Com*mute", v. i.

1. To obtain or bargain for exemption or substitution; to effect a
commutation.
He . . . thinks it unlawful to commute, and that he is bound to pay
his vow in kind. Jer. Taylor.

2. To pay, or arrange to pay, in gross instead of part by part; as,
to commute for a year's travel over a route.

COMMUTER
Com*mut"er, n.

Defn: One who commutes; especially, one who commutes in traveling.

COMMUTUAL
Com*mu"tu*al, a. Etym: [Pref. com- + mutual.]

Defn: Mutual; reciprocal; united. [R.]
There, with commutual zeal, we both had strove. Pope.

COMOSE
Co"mose ( or ), a. Etym: [L. comosus hairy, from coma hair.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing a tuft of soft hairs or down, as the seeds of milkweed.
Gray.

COMPACT
Com*pact", p. p. & a Etym: [L. compactus, p. p. of compingere to join
or unite; com- + pangere to fasten, fix: cf. F. compacte. See Pact.]

1. Joined or held together; leagued; confederated. [Obs.] "Compact
with her that's gone." Shak.
A pipe of seven reeds, compact with wax together. Peacham.

2. Composed or made; -- with of. [Poetic]
A wandering fire, Compact of unctuous vapor. Milton.

3. Closely or firmly united, as the particles of solid bodies; firm;
close; solid; dense.
Glass, crystal, gems, and other compact bodies. Sir I. Newton.

4. Brief; close; pithy; not diffuse; not verbose; as, a compact
discourse.

Syn.
 -- Firm; close; solid; dense; pithy; sententious.

COMPACT
Com*pact", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Compacted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Compacting.]

1. To thrust, drive, or press closely together; to join firmly; to
consolidate; to make close; -- as the parts which compose a body.
Now the bright sun compacts the precious stone. Blackstone.

2. To unite or connect firmly, as in a system.
The whole body fitly joined together and compacted by that which
every joint supplieth. Eph. iv. 16.

COMPACT
Com"pact, n. Etym: [L. compactum, fr. compacisci, p. p. compactus, to
make an agreement with; com- + pacisci to make an agreement. See
Pact.]

Defn: An agreement between parties; a covenant or contract.
The law of nations depends on mutual compacts, treaties, leagues,
etc. Blackstone.
Wedlock is described as the indissoluble compact. Macaulay.
The federal constitution has been styled a compact between the States
by which it was ratified. Wharton.

Syn.
 -- See Covenant.

COMPACTED
Com*pact"ed, a.

Defn: Compact; pressed close; concentrated; firmly united.

COMPACTEDLY
Com*pact"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a compact manner.

COMPACTEDNESS
Com*pact"ed*ness, n.

Defn: A state of being compact.

COMPACTER
Com*pact"er, n.

Defn: One who makes a compact.

COMPACTIBLE
Com*pact"i*ble, a.

Defn: That may be compacted.

COMPACTION
Com*pac"tion, n. Etym: [L. compactio.]

Defn: The act of making compact, or the state of being compact.
[Obs.] Bacon.

COMPACTLY
Com*pact"ly, adv.

Defn: In a compact manner; with close union of parts; densely;
tersely.

COMPACTNESS
Com*pact"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being compact; close union of parts;
density.

COMPACTURE
Com*pac"ture, n. Etym: [L. compactura.]

Defn: Close union or connection of parts; manner of joining;
construction. [Obs.] "With comely compass and compacture strong."
Spenser.

COMPAGES
Com*pa"ges, n. sing & pl. Etym: [L., fr. compingere. See Compact, v.
t.]

Defn: A system or structure of many parts united.
A regular compages of pipes and vessels. Ray.

COMPAGINATE
Com*pag"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. compaginare, compaginatum.]

Defn: To unite or hold together; as, the side pieces compaginate the
frame. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

COMPAGINATION
Com*pag`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. compaginatio.]

Defn: Union of parts; structure. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

COMPANABLE
Com"pa*na*ble, a. Etym: [OF. compaignable.]

Defn: Companionable; sociable. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COMPANATOR
Com"pa*na`tor, n. Etym: [LL. companatores, pl.] (Eccl.)

Defn: Same as Impanator.

COMPANIABLE
Com*pan"i*a*ble, a.

Defn: Companionable; sociable. [Obs.] Bacon.

COMPANION
Com*pan"ion, n. Etym: [F. compagnon, OF. compaing, fr. as assumed LL.
companio (cf. companium fellowship, a mess), fr. L. com- + panis
bread. See Pantry.]

1. One who accompanies or is in company with another for a longer or
shorter period, either from choice or casually; one who is much in
the company of, or is associated with, another or others; an
associate; a comrade; a consort; a partner.
The companions of his fall. Milton.
The companion of fools shall smart for it. Prov. xiii. 20 (Rev. Ver.
)
Here are your sons again; and I must lose Two of the sweetest
companions in the world. Shak.
A companion is one with whom we share our bread; a messmate. Trench.

2. A knight of the lowest rank in certain orders; as, a companion of
the Bath.

3. A fellow; -- in contempt. [Obs.] Shak.

4. Etym: [Cf. OSp. compaña an outhouse, office.] (Naut.)
(a) A skylight on an upper deck with frames and sashes of various
shapes, to admit light to a cabin or lower deck.
(b) A wooden hood or penthouse covering the companion way; a
companion hatch. Companion hatch (Naut.), a wooden porch over the
entrance or staircase of the cabin.
 -- Companion ladder (Naut.), the ladder by which officers ascend to,
or descend from, the quarter-deck. Totten.
 -- Companion way (Naut.), a staircase leading to the cabin.
 -- Knights companions, in certain honorary orders, the members of
the lowest grades as distinguished from knights commanders, knights
grand cross, and the like.

Syn.
 -- Associate; comrade; mate; compeer; partner; ally; confederate;
coadjutor; accomplice.

COMPANION
Com*pan"ion, v. t.

1. To be a companion to; to attend on; to accompany. [R.] Ruskin.

2. To qualify as a companion; to make equal. [Obs.]
Companion me with my mistress. Shak.

COMPANIONABLE
Com*pan"ion*a*ble, a.

Defn: Fitted to be a companion; fit for good fellowship; agreeable;
sociable. "Each companionable guest." Mallett. "Companionable wit."
Clarendon.
 -- Com*pan"ion*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Com*pan"ion*a*bly, adv.

COMPANIONLESS
Com*pan"ion*less, a.

Defn: Without a companion.

COMPANIONSHIP
Com*pan"ion*ship, n.

Defn: Fellowship; association; the act or fact of keeping company
with any one. Shak.
He never seemed to avail himself of my sympathy other than by mere
companionship. W. Irwing

COMPANY
Com"pa*ny, n.; pl. Companies. Etym: [F. compagnie, fr. OF. compaing.
See Companion.]

1. The state of being a companion or companions; the act of
accompaying; fellowship; companionship; society; friendly
intercourse. Shak.
Evil company doth corrupt good manners. 1 Cor. xv. 33. (Rev. Ver. ).
Brethren, farewell: your company along I will not wish. Milton.

2. A companion or companions.
To thee and thy company I bid A hearty welcome. Shak.

3. An assemblage or association of persons, either permanent or
transient.
Thou shalt meet a company of prophets. 1 Sam. x. 5.

4. Guests or visitors, in distinction from the members of a family;
as, to invite company to dine.

5. Society, in general; people assembled for social intercourse.
Nature has left every man a capacity of being agreeable, though not
of shining in company. Swift.

6. An association of persons for the purpose of carrying on some
enterprise or business; a corporation; a firm; as, the East India
Company; an insurance company; a joint-stock company.

7. Partners in a firm whose names are not mentioned in its style or
title; -- often abbreviated in writing; as, Hottinguer & Co.

8. (Mil.)

Defn: A subdivision of a regiment of troops under the command of a
captain, numbering in the United States (full strength) 100 men.

9. (Naut.)

Defn: The crew of a ship, including the officers; as, a whole ship's
company.

10. The body of actors employed in a theater or in the production of
a play. To keep company with. See under Keep, v. t.

Syn.
 -- Assemblage; assembly; society; group; assembly; society; group;
circle; crowd; troop; crew; gang; corporation; association;
fraternity; guild; partnership; copartnery; union; club; party;
gathering.

COMPANY
Com"pa*ny, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Companied; p. pr. & vb. n.
Companying.]

Defn: To accompany or go with; to be companion to. [Obs.]

COMPANY
Com"pa*ny, v. i.

1. To associate.
Men which have companied with us all the time. Acts i. 21.

2. To be a gay companion. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. To have sexual commerce. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

COMPARABLE
Com"pa*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. comparabilis: cf. F. comparable.]

Defn: Capable of being compared; worthy of comparison.
There is no blessing of life comparable to the enjoyment of a
discreet and virtuous friend. Addison.
-- Com"pa*ra*ble*ness, n.
 -- Com"pa*ra*bly, adv.

COMPARATE
Com"pa*rate, n. Etym: [L. comparatum, fr. comparatus, p. p. of
comparare. See 1st Compare.] (Logic)

Defn: One of two things compared together.

COMPARATION
Com`pa*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. comparatio. See Compare to get.]

Defn: A making ready; provision. [Obs.]

COMPARATIVE
Com*par"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. comparativus: cf. F. comparatif.]

1. Of or pertaining to comparison. "The comparative faculty."
Granvill.

2. Proceeding from, or by the method of, comparison; as, the
comparative anatomy.

3. Estimated by comparison; relative; not positive or absolute, as
compared with another thing or state.
The recurrence of comparative warmth and cold. Whewell.
The bubble, by reason of its comparative levity to the fluid that
incloses it, would necessarily ascend to the top. Bentley.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: Expressing a degree greater or less than the positive degree of
the quality denoted by an adjective or adverb. The comparative degree
is formed from the positive by the use of -er, more, or less; as,
brighter, more bright, or less bright. Comparative sciences, those
which are based on a comprehensive comparison of the range of objects
or facts in any branch or department, and which aim to study out and
treat of the fundamental laws or systems of relation pervading them;
as, comparative anatomy, comparative physiology, comparative
philology.

COMPARATIVE
Com*par"a*tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: The comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs; also, the
form by which the comparative degree is expressed; as, stronger,
wiser, weaker, wore stormy, less windy, are all comparatives.
In comparatives is expressed a relation of two; as in superlatives
there is a relation of many.

2. An equal; a rival; a compeer. [Obs.]
Gerard ever was His full comparative. Beau. & Fl.

3. One who makes comparisons; one who affects wit. [Obs.] "Every
beardless vain comparative." Shak.

COMPARATIVELY
Com*par"a*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: According to estimate made by comparison; relatively; not
positively or absolutely.
With but comparatively few exceptions. Prescott.

COMPARATOR
Com"pa*ra`tor ( or ), n. Etym: [L., a comparater.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument or machine for comparing anything to be measured
with a standard measure; -- applied especially to a machine for
comparing standards of length.

COMPARE
Com*pare", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Compared; p. pr. & vb. n. Comparing.]
Etym: [L.comparare, fr. compar like or equal to another; com- + par
equal: cf. F. comparer. See Pair, Peer an equal, and cf. Compeer.]

1. To examine the character or qualities of, as of two or more
persons or things, for the purpose of discovering their resemblances
or differences; to bring into comparison; to regard with
discriminating attention.
Compare dead happiness with living woe. Shak.
The place he found beyond expression bright, Compared with aught on
earth. Milton.
Compare our faces and be judge yourself. Shak.
To compare great things with small. Milton.

2. To represent as similar, for the purpose of illustration; to
liken.
Solon compared the people unto the sea, and orators and counselors to
the winds; for that the sea would be calm and quiet if the winds did
not trouble it. Bacon.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: To inflect according to the degrees of comparison; to state
positive, comparative, and superlative forms of; as, most adjectives
of one syllable are compared by affixing "-er" and "-est" to the
positive form; as, black, blacker, blackest; those of more than one
syllable are usually compared by prefixing "more" and "most", or
"less" and "least", to the positive; as, beautiful, more beautiful,
most beautiful.

Syn.
 -- To Compare, Compare with, Compare to. Things are compared with
each other in order to learn their relative value or excellence. Thus
we compare Cicero with Demosthenes, for the sake of deciding which
was the greater orator. One thing is compared to another because of a
real or fanciful likeness or similarity which exists between them.
Thus it has been common to compare the eloquence of Demosthenes to a
thunderbolt, on account of its force, and the eloquence of Cicero to
a conflagration, on account of its splendor. Burke compares the parks
of London to the lungs of the human body.

COMPARE
Com*pare", v. i.

1. To be like or equal; to admit, or be worthy of, comparison; as,
his later work does not compare with his earlier.
I should compare with him in excellence. Shak.

2. To vie; to assume a likeness or equality.
Shall pack horses . . . compare with Cæsars Shak.

COMPARE
Com*pare", n.

1. Comparison. [Archaic]
His mighty champion, strong beyond compare. Milton.
Their small galleys may not hold compare With our tall ships. Waller.

2. Illustration by comprison; simile. [Obs.]
Rhymes full of protest, of oath, and big compare. Shak.
Beyond compare. See Beyond comparison, under Comparison.

COMPARE
Com*pare", v. t. Etym: [L. comparare to prepare, procure; com- +
parare. See Prepare, Parade.]

Defn: To get; to procure; to obtain; to acquire [Obs.]
To fill his bags, and richesse to compare. Spenser.

COMPARER
Com*par"er, n.

Defn: One who compares.

COMPARISON
Com*par"i*son ( or ), n. Etym: [F. comparaison, L. comparatio. See
1st Compare.]

1. The act of comparing; an examination of two or more objects with
the view of discovering the resemblances or differences; relative
estimate.
As sharp legal practitioners, no class of human beings can bear
comparison with them. Macaulay.
The miracles of our Lord and those of the Old Testament afford many
interesting points of comparison. Trench.

2. The state of being compared; a relative estimate; also, a state,
quality, or relation, admitting of being compared; as, to bring a
thing into comparison with another; there is no comparison between
them.

3. That to which, or with which, a thing is compared, as being equal
or like; illustration; similitude.
Whereto shall we liken the kingdom of God Or with what comparison
shall we compare it Mark iv. 30.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: The modification, by inflection or otherwise, which the
adjective and adverb undergo to denote degrees of quality or
quantity; as, little, less, least, are examples of comparison.

5. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which one person or thing is compared to another,
or the two are considered with regard to some property or quality,
which is common to them both; e.g., the lake sparkled like a jewel.

6. (Phren.)

Defn: The faculty of the reflective group which is supposed to
perceive resemblances and contrasts. Beyond comparison, so far
superior as to have no likeness, or so as to make comparison
needless.
 -- In comparison of, In comparison with, as compared with; in
proportion to. [Archaic] "So miserably unpeopled in comparison of
what it once was." Addison.
 -- Comparison of hands (Law), a mode of proving or disproving the
genuineness of a signature or writing by comparing it with another
proved or admitted to be genuine, in order to ascertain whether both
were written by the same person. Bouvier. Burrill.

COMPARISON
Com*par"i*son, v. t.

Defn: To compare. [Obs.] Wyclif.

COMPART
Com*part", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Comparted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Comparting.] Etym: [L. compartiri; com- + partiri, partire to share,
pars, partis, part, share: cf. OF. compartir. See Part, v. t.]

Defn: To divide; to mark out into parts or subdivisions. [R.]
The crystal surface is comparted all In niches verged with rubies.
Glover.

COMPARTITION
Com`par*ti"tion, n. Etym: [LL. compartitio.]

Defn: The act of dividing into parts or compartments; division; also,
a division or compartment. [Obs.]
Their temples . . . needed no compartitions. Sir H. Wotton.

COMPARTMENT
Com*part"ment, n. Etym: [F. compartiment, OF. compartir to divide.
See Compart.]

1. One of the parts into which an inclosed portion of space is
divided, as by partitions, or lines; as, the compartments of a
cabinet, a house, or a garden.
In the midst was placed a large compartment composed of grotesque
work. Carew.

2. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: One of the sections into which the hold of a ship is divided by
water-tight bulkheads.

COMPARTNER
Com*part"ner, n.

Defn: See Copartner. [Obs.]

COMPASS
Com"pass, n. Etym: [F. compas, fr. LL. compassus circle, prop., a
stepping together; com- + passus pace, step. See Pace, Pass.]

1. A passing round; circuit; circuitous course.
They fetched a compass of seven day's journey. 2 Kings iii. 9.
This day I breathed first; time is come round, And where I did begin,
there shall I end; My life is run his compass. Shak.

2. An inclosing limit; boundary; circumference; as, within the
compass of an encircling wall.

3. An inclosed space; an area; extent.
Their wisdom . . . lies in a very narrow compass. Addison.

4. Extent; reach; sweep; capacity; sphere; as, the compass of his
eye; the compass of imagination.
The compass of his argument. Wodsworth.

5. Moderate bounds, limits of truth; moderation; due limits; -- used
with within.
In two hundred years before (I speak within compass), no such
commission had been executed. Sir J. Davies.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: The range of notes, or tones, within the capacity of a voice or
instument.
You would sound me from my lowest note to the top of my compass.
Shak.

7. An instrument for determining directions upon the carth's surface
by means of a magnetized bar or needle turning freely upon a pivot
and pinting in a northerly and southerly direction.
He that firat discovered the use of the compass did more for the
supplying and increase of useful commodities than those who built
workhouses. Locke.

8. A pair of compasses. [R.]
To fix one foot of their compass wherever they please. Swift.

9. A circle; a continent. [Obs.]
The tryne compas [the threefold world containing earth, sea, and
heaven. Skeat.] Chaucer.
Azimuth compass. See under Azimuth.
 -- Beam compass. See under Beam.
 -- Compass card, the eircular card attached to the needles of a
mariner's compass, on which are marked the thirty-two points or
rhumbs.
 -- Compass dial, a small pocket compass fitted with a sundial to
tell the hour of the day.
 -- Compass plane (Carp.), a plane, convex in the direction of its
length on the under side, for smoothing the concave faces of curved
woodwork.
 -- Compass plant, Compass flower (Bot.), a plant of the American
prairies (Silphium laciniatum), not unlike a small sunflower;
rosinweed. Its lower and root leaves are vertical, and on the
prairies are disposed to present their edges north and south.
Its leaves are turned to the north as true as the magnet: This is the
compass flower. Longefellow.
-- Compass saw, a saw with a narrow blade, which will cut in a curve;
-- called also fret saw and keyhole saw.
 -- Compass timber (Shipbuilding), curved or crooked timber.
 -- Compass window (Arch.), a circular bay window or oriel window. It
has two or more magnetic needles permanently attached to a card,
which moves freely upon a pivot, and is read with reference to a mark
on the box representing the ship's head. The card is divided into
thirty-two points, called also rhumbs, and the glass-covered box or
bowl containing it is suspended in gimbals within the binnacle, in
order to preserve its horizontal position.
 -- Surveyor's compass, an instrument used in surveying for measuring
horizontal angles. See Circumferentor.
 -- Variation compass, a compass of delicate construction, used in
observations on the variations of the needle.
 -- To fetch a compass, to make a circuit.

COMPASS
Com"pass, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Compassed; p. pr. & vb. n. Compassing.]
Etym: [F. compasser, LL. compassare.]

1. To go about or entirely round; to make the circuit of.
Ye shall compass the city seven times. Josh. vi. 4.
We the globe can compass soon. Shak.

2. To inclose on all sides; to surround; to encircle; to envior; to
invest; to besiege; -- used with about, round, around, and round
about.
With terrors and with clamors compassed round. Milton.
Now all the blessings
Of a glad cast a trench about thee, and compass thee round.uke xix.
43.

3. To reach round; to circumvent; to get within one's power; to
obtain; to accomplish.
If I can chek my erring love, I will: If not, to compass her I'll use
my skill. Shak.
How can you to compass your designs Denham.

4. To curve; to bend into a circular form. [Obs. except in carpentry
and shipbuilding.] Shak.

5. (Law)

Defn: To purpose; to intend; to imagine; to plot.
Compassing and imagining the death of the king are synonymous terms;
compassing signifying the purpose or design of the mind or will, and
not, as in common speech, the carrying such design to effect.
Blackstone.

COMPASSABLE
Com"pass*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being compassed or accomplished. Burke.

COMPASSED
Com"passed, a.

Defn: Rounded; arched. [Obs.]
She came . . . into the compassed window. Shak.

COMPASSES
Com"pass*es, n., pl.

Defn: An instrument for describing circles, measuring figures, etc.,
consisting of two, or (rarely) more, pointed branches, or legs,
usually joined at the top by a rivet on which they move.

Note: The compasses for drawing circles have adjustable pen points,
pencil points, etc.; those used for measuring without adjustable
points are generally called dividers. See Dividers. Bow compasses.
See Bow-compass.
 -- Caliber compasses, Caliper compasses. See Calipers.
 -- Proportional, Triangular, etc., compasses. See under
Proportional, etc.

COMPASSING
Com"pass*ing, a. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: Curved; bent; as, compassing timbers.

COMPASSION
Com*pas"sion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. compassio, fr. compati to have
compassion; com- + pati to bear, suffer. See Patient.]

Defn: Literally, suffering with another; a sensation of sorrow
excited by the distress or misfortunes of another; pity;
commiseration.
Womanly igenuity set to work by womanly compassion. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Pity; sympathy; commiseration; fellow-feeling; mercy; condolence.
See Pity.

COMPASSION
Com*pas"sion, v. t.

Defn: To pity. [Obs.] Shak.

COMPASSIONABLE
Com*pas"sion*a*ble, a.

Defn: Deserving compassion or pity; pitiable. [R.] Barrow.

COMPASSIONATE
Com*pas"sion*ate, a.

1. Having a temper or disposition to pity; sympathetic; merciful.
There never was any heart truly great and generous, that was not also
tender and compassionate. South.

2. Complaining; inviting pity; pitiable. [R.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- Sympathizing; tender; merciful; pitiful.

COMPASSIONATE
Com*pas"sion*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Compassionated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Compassionating.]

Defn: To have compassion for; to pity; to commiserate; to sympathize
with.
Compassionates my pains, and pities me. Addison.

COMPASSIONATELY
Com*pas"sion*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a compassionate manner; mercifully. Clarendon.

COMPASSIONATENESS
Com*pas"sion*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being compassionate.

COMPASSLESS
Com"pass*less, a.

Defn: Having no compass. Knowles.

COMPATERNITY
Com`pa*ter"ni*ty, n. Etym: [LL. compaternitas, fr. compater
godfather; com- + pater father.]

Defn: The relation of a godfather to a person. [Obs.]
The relation of gossipred or compaternity by the cannon law is a
spiritual affinity. Sir J. Da

COMPATIBILITY
Com*pat`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. compatibilit.]

Defn: The quality or power of being compatible or congruous;
congruity; as, a compatibility of tempers; a compatibility of
properties.

COMPATIBLE
Com*pat"i*ble, a. Etym: [F., fr. LL.compatibilis, fr. L. compati. See
Compassion.]

Defn: Capable of existing in harmony; congruous; suitable; not
repugnant; -- usually followed by with.
Our poets have joined together such qualities as are by nature the
most compatible. Broome.

Syn.
 -- Consistent; suitable; agreeable; accordant.

COMPATIBLENESS
Com*pat"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Compatibility; consistency; fitness; agreement.

COMPATIBLY
Com*pat"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In a compatible manner.

COMPATIENT
Com*pa"tient, a. Etym: [L. compatients, p. pr. of compati. See
Compassion.]

Defn: Suffering or enduring together. [Obs.] Sir G. Buck.

COMPATRIOT
Com*pa"tri*ot, n. Etym: [F. compatriote, LL. compatriotus; com- +
patriota a native. See Patriot, and cf. Copatriot.]

Defn: One of the same country, and having like interests and feeling.
The distrust with which they felt themselves to be regarded by their
compatriots in America. Palfrey.

COMPATRIOT
Com*pa"tri*ot, a.

Defn: Of the same country; having a common sentiment of patriotism.
She [Britain] rears to freedom an undaunted race, Compatriot,
zealous, hospitable, kind. Thomson.

COMPATRIOTISM
Com*pa"tri*ot*ism, n.

Defn: The condition of being compatriots.

COMPEAR
Com*pear", v. i. Etym: [F. comparior, L. compar; com- + par to
appear.]

1. To appear. [Obs.]

2. (Law)

Defn: To appear in court personally or by attorney. [Scot]

COMPEER
Com*peer", Etym: [OE. comper, through French fr. L. compar; com- +
par equal. See Peer an equal, and cf. 1st Compare.]

Defn: An equal, as in rank, age, prowess, etc.; a companion; a
comrade; a mate.
And him thus answer 'd soon his bold compeer. Milton.

COMPEER
Com*peer", v. t.

Defn: To be equal with; to match. [R.]
In my rights, By me invested, he compeers the best. Shak.

COMPEER; COMPEIR
Com*peer", Com*peir", v. i.

Defn: See Conpear.

COMPEL
Com*pel", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Compelled; p. pr. & vb. n Compelling.]
Etym: [L. compellere, compilstum, to drive together, to compel, urge;
com- + pellere to drive: cf. OF. compellir. See Pulse.]

1. To drive or urge with force, or irresistibly; to force; to
constrain; to oblige; to necessitate, either by physical or moral
force.
Wolsey . . . compelled the people to pay up the whole subsidy at
once. Hallam.
And they compel one Simon . . . to bear his cross. Mark xv. 21.

2. To take by force or violence; to seize; to exact; to extort. [R.]
Commissions, which compel from each The sixth part of his substance.
Shak.

3. To force to yield; to overpower; to subjugate.
Easy sleep their weary limbs compelled. Dryden.
I compel all creatures to my will. Tennyson.

4. To gather or unite in a crowd or company. [A Latinism] "In one
troop compelled." Dryden.

5. To call forth; to summon. [Obs.] Chapman.
She had this knight from far compelled. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- To force; constrain; oblige; necessitate; coerce. See Coerce.

COMPEL
Com*pel", v. i.

Defn: To make one yield or submit. "If she can not entreat, I can not
compel." Shak.

COMPELLABLE
Com*pel"la*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being compelled or constrained. Blackstone.

COMPELLABLY
Com*pel"la*bly, adv.

Defn: By compulsion.

COMPELLATION
Com`pel*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. compellatio, fr. compellare to accost,
fr. compellere. See Compel.]

Defn: Style of address or salutation; an appellation. "Metaphorical
compellations." Milton.
He useth this endearing compellation, "My little children." Bp.
Beveridge.
The peculiar compellation of the kings in France is by "Sire," which
is nothing else but father. Sir W. Temple.

COMPELLATIVE
Com*pel"la*tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: The name by which a person is addressed; an appellative.

COMPELLATORY
Com*pel"la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving to compel; compulsory. [R.]

COMPELLER
Com*pel"ler, n.

Defn: One who compels or constrains.

COMPEND
Com"pend, n.

Defn: A compendium; an epitome; a summary.
A compend and recapitulation of the Mosaical law. Bp. Burnet.

COMPENDIARIOUS
Com*pen`di*a"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. compendiarius.]

Defn: Short; compendious. [Obs.] Bailey.

COMPENDIATE
Com*pen"di*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. compendiatus, p. p. of compendiare to
shorten, fr. compendium.]

Defn: To sum or collect together. [Obs.] Bp. King.

COMPENDIOUS
Com*pen"di*ous, a. Etym: [L. compendiosus.]

Defn: Containing the substance oe general principles of a subject or
work in a narrow compass; abridged; summarized.
More compendious and exeditious ways. Woodward.
Three things be required in the oration of a man having authority --
that it be compendious, sententious, and delectable. Sir T. Elyot.

Syn.
 -- Short; summary; abridged; condensed; comprehensive; succinct;
brief; concise.

COMPENDIOUSLY
Com*pen"di*ous*ly, dv.

Defn: In a compendious manner.
Compendiously exressed by the word chaos. Bentley.

COMPENDIOUSNESS
Com*pen"di*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being compendious.

COMPENDIUM
Com*pen"di*um, n.; pl. E. Compendiums, L. Compendia. Etym: [L.
compendium that which is wieghed, saved, or shortened, a short way,
fr. compendere to weigh; com- + pendere to weigh. See Pension, and
cf. Compend.]

Defn: A brief compilation or composition, containing the principal
heads, or general principles, of a larger work or system; an
abridgment; an epitome; a compend; a condensed summary.
A short system or compendium of a sience. I. Watts.

Syn.
 -- See Abridgment.

COMPENSATE
Com"pen*sate ( or ; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Compensated; p. pr. &
vb. n. Compensating.] Etym: [L. compensatus, p. p. of compensare,
prop., to weigh several things with one another, to balance with one
another, verb intens. fr. compendere. See Compendum.]

1. To make equal return to; to remunerate; to recompence; to give an
equivalent to; to requite suitably; as, to compensate a laborer for
his work, or a merchant for his losses.

2. To be equivalent in value or effect to; to counterbalance; to make
up for; to make amends for.
The length of the night and the dews thereof do compensate the heat
of the day. Bacon.
The pleasures of life do not compensate the miseries. Prior.

Syn.
 -- To recompense; remunerate; indemnify; reward; requite;
counterbalance.

COMPENSATE
Com"pen*sate, v. i.

Defn: To make amends; to supply an equivalent; -- followed by for;
as, nothing can compensate for the loss of reputation.

COMPENSATION
Com`pen*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. compensatio a weighing, a balancing of
accounts.]

1. The act or principle of compensating. Emerson.

2. That which constitutes, or is regarded as, an equivalent; that
which makes good the lack or variation of something else; that which
compensates for loss or privation; amends; remuneration; recompense.
The parliament which dissolved the monastic foundations . . .
vouchsafed not a word toward securing the slightest compensation to
the dispossessed owners. Hallam.
No pecuniary compensation can possibly reward them. Burke.

3. (Law)
(a) The extinction of debts of which two persons are reciprocally
debtors by the credits of which they are reciprocally creditors; the
payment of a debt by a credit of equal amount; a set-off. Bouvier.
Wharton.
(b) A recompense or reward for some loss or service.
(c) An equivalent stipulated for in contracts for the sale of real
eatate, in which it is customary to privide that errors in
description, etc., shall not avoid, but shall be the subject of
compensation. Compensation balance, or Compensated balance, a kind of
balance wheel for a timepiece. The rim is usually made of two
different expansibility under changes of temperature, so arranged as
to counteract each other and preserve uniformity of movement.
 -- Compensation pendulum. See Pendulum.

Syn.
 -- Recompense; reward; indemnification; consideration; requital;
satisfaction; set-off.

COMPENSATIVE
Com*pen"sa*tive, a. Etym: [LL. compensativus.]

Defn: Affording compensation.

COMPENSATIVE
Com*pen"sa*tive, n.

Defn: Compensation. [R.] Lamb.

COMPENSATOR
Com"pen*sa`tor, n.

1. One who, or that which, compensates; -- a name applied to various
mechanical devices.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: An iron plate or magnet placed near the compass on iron vessels
to neutralize the effect of the ship's attraction on the needle.

COMPENSATORY
Com*pen"sa*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving for compensation; making amends. Jer. Taylor.

COMPENSE
Com*pense", v. t. Etym: [F. compenser. See Compensate.]

Defn: To compensate. [Obs.] Bacon.

COMPERENDINATE
Com`pe*ren"di*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. comperendinatus, p. p. of
comperendinare to defer (the time of trial.)]

Defn: To delay. Bailey.

COMPESCE
Com*pesce", v. t. Etym: [L. compescere.]

Defn: To hold in check; to restrain. [R.] Carlyle.

COMPETE
Com*pete", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Competed; p. pr. & vb. n. Competing.]
Etym: [L. completere, competitum; com- + petere to seek. See
Petition.]

Defn: To contend emulously; to seek or strive for the same thing,
position, or reward for which another is striving; to contend in
rivalry, as for a prize or in business; as, tradesmen compete with
one another.
The rival statesmen, with eyes fixed on America, were all the while
competing for European alliances. Bancroft.

COMPETENCE; COMPETENCY
Com"pe*tence, Com"pe*ten*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. compétence, from L.
competentia agreement.]

1. The state of being competent; fitness; ability; adequacy; power.
The loan demonstrates, in regard to instrumental resources, the
competency of this kingdom to the assertion of the common cause.
Burke.
To make them act zealously is not in the competence of law. Burke.

2. Property or means sufficient for the necessaries and conveniences
of life; sifficiency without excess.
Reason's whole pleasure, all the joys of sense, Lie in three words --
health, peace, and competence. Pope.
Superfluity comes sooner by white hairs, but competency lives longer.
Shak.

3. (Law)
(a) Legal capacity or qualifications; fitness; as, the competency of
a witness or of a evidence.
(b) Right or authority; legal power or capacity to take cognizance of
a cause; as, the competence of a judge or court. Kent.

COMPETENT
Com"pe*tent (; 94), a. Etym: [F. compétent, p. pr. of compéter to be
in the competency of, LL. competere to strive after together, to
agree with; hence, to be fit. See Compete.]

1. Answering to all requirements; adeqouate; sufficient; suitable;
capable; legally qualified; fit. "A competent knowledge of the
world." Arrerbury. "Competent age." Grafton. "Competent statesmen."
Palfrey. /"A competent witness." Bouvier.

2. Rightfully or properly belonging; incident; -- followed by to.
[Rare, except in legal usage.]
That is the privillege of the infinite Author of things, . . . but is
not competent to any finite being. Locke.

Syn.
 -- See Qualified.

COMPETENTLY
Com"pe*tent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a competent manner; adequately; suitably.

COMPETIBLE
Com*pet"i*ble, a.

Defn: Compatible; suitable; consistent. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

COMPETITION
Com`pe*ti"tion, n. Etym: [L. competitio. See Conpete.]

Defn: The act of seeking, or endevearing to gain, what another is
endeavoring to gain at the same time; common strife for the same
objects; strife for superiority; emulous contest; rivalry, as for
approbation, for a prize, or as where two or more persons are engaged
in the same business and each seeking patronage; -- followed by for
before the object sought, and with before the person or thing
competed with.
Competition to the crown there is none, nor can be. Bacon.
A portrait, with which one of Titian's could not come in
competititon. Dryden.
There is no competition but for the second place. Dryden.
Where competition does not act at all there is complete monopoly. A.
T. Hadley.

Syn.
 -- Emulation; rivalry; rivalship; contest; struggle; contention;
opposition; jealousy. See Emulation.

COMPETITIVE
Com*pet"i*tive, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to competition; producing competition;
competitory; as, a competitive examination.

COMPETITOR
Com*pet"i*tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. compétiteur.]

1. One who seeks what another seeks, or claims what another claims;
one who competes; a rival.
And can not brook competitors in love. Shak.

2. An associate; a confederate. [Obs.]
Every hour more competitors Flock to their aid, and still their power
increaseth. Shak.

COMPETITORY
Com*pet"i*to*ry, a.

Defn: Acting in competition; competing; rival.

COMPETITRESS
Com*pet"i*tress, n.

Defn: A woman who competes.

COMPETITRIX
Com*pet"i*trix, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A competitress.

COMPILATION
Com"pi*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. compilatio: cf. F. compilation.]

1. The act or process of compiling or gathering together from various
sources.

2. That which is compiled; especially, a book or document composed of
materials gathering from other books or documents.
His [Goldsmith's] compilations are widely distinguished from the
compilations of ordinary bookmakers. Macaulay.

COMPILATOR
Com"pi*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Compiler. [Obs.]

COMPILE
Com*pile", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Compiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Compiling.]
Etym: [F. compiler, fr.L. compilare to plunder, pillage; com- +
pilare to plunder. See Pill, v. t., Pillage.]

1. To put together; to construct; to build. [Obs.]
Before that Merlin died, he did intend A brazen wall in compass to
compile. Spenser.

2. To contain or comprise. [Obs.]
Which these six books compile. Spenser.

3. To put together in a new form out of materials already existing;
esp., to put together or compose out of materials from other books or
documents.
He [Goldsmith] compiled for the use of schools a History of Rome.
Macaulay.

4. To write; to compose. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

COMPILEMENT
Com*pile"ment, n.

Defn: Compilation. [R.]

COMPILER
Com*pil"er, n. Etym: [OE. compiluor; cf. OF. compileor, fr. L.
compilator.]

Defn: One who compiles; esp., one who makes books by compilation.

COMPINGE
Com*pinge", v. t. Etym: [L. compingere.]

Defn: To compress; to shut up. [Obs.] Burton.

COMPLACENCE; COMPLACENCY
Com*pla"cence, Com*pla"cen*cy, n. Etym: [LL. complacentia: cf. F.
complaisance. See Complacent, and cf. Complaisance.]

1. Calm contentment; satisfaction; gratification.
The inward complacence we find in acting reasonably and virtuously.
Atterbury.
Others proclaim the infirmities of a great man with satisfaction and
complacency, if they discover none of the like in themselves.
Addison.

2. The cause of pleasure or joy. "O thou, my sole complacence."
Milton.

3. The manifestation of contentment or satisfaction; good nature;
kindness; civility; affability.
Complacency, and truth, and manly sweetness, Dwell ever on his
tongue, and smooth his thoughts. Addison.
With mean complacence ne'er betray your trust. Pope.

COMPLACENT
Com*pla"cent, a. Etym: [L. complacens very pleasing, p. pr. of
complacere; com- + placere to please: cf. F. complaisant. See Please
and cf. Complaisant.]

Defn: Self-satisfied; contented; kindly; as, a complacent temper; a
complacent smile.
They look up with a sort of complacent awe . . . to kings. Burke.

COMPLACENTIAL
Com`pla*cen"tial, a.

Defn: Marked by, or causing, complacence. [Obs.] "Complacential
love." Baxter.

COMPLACENTLY
Com*pla"cent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a complacent manner.

COMPLAIN
Com*plain", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Complained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Complaining.] Etym: [F. complaindre, LL. complangere; com- + L.
plangere to strike, beat, to beat the breast or head as a sign of
grief, to lament. See Plaint.]

1. To give utterance to expression of grief, pain, censure, regret.
etc.; to lament; to murmur; to find fault; -- commonly used with of.
Also, to creak or squeak, as a timber or wheel.
O lose of sight, of three I most complain! Milton.

2. To make a formal accusation; to make a charge.
Now, Master Shallow, you'll complain of me to the king Shak.

Syn.
 -- To repine; grumble; deplore; bewail; grieve; mourn; regret;
murmur.

COMPLAIN
Com*plain", v. t.

Defn: To lament; to bewail. [Obs.]
They might the grievance inwardly complain. Daniel.
By chaste Lucrece's soul that late complain'd Her wrongs to us. Shak.

COMPLAINABLE
Com*plain"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be complained of. [R.] Feltham.

COMPLAINANT
Com*plain"ant, n. Etym: [F. complaignant, p. pr. of complaindre.]

1. One who makes complaint.
Eager complainants of the dispute. Collier.

2. (Law)
(a) One who commences a legal process by a complaint.
(b) The party suing in equity, answering to the plaintiff at common
law.
He shall forfeit one moiety to the use of the town, and the other
moiety to the use of the complainant. Statutes of Mass.

COMPLAINER
Com*plain"er, n.

Defn: One who complains or laments; one who finds fault; a murmurer.
Beattie.
Speechless complainer, I will learn thy thought. Shak.

COMPLAINT
Com*plaint", n. Etym: [F. complainte. See Complain.]

1. Expression of grief, regret, pain, censure, or resentment;
lamentation; murmuring; accusation; fault-finding.
I poured out my complaint before him. Ps. cxlii. 2.
Grievous complaints of you. Shak.

2. Cause or subject of complaint or murmuring.
The poverty of the clergy in England hath been the complaint of all
who wish well to the church. Swift.

3. An ailment or disease of the body.
One in a complaint of his bowels. Arbuthnot.

4. (Law)

Defn: A formal allegation or charge against a party made or presented
to the appropriate court or officer, as for a wrong done or a crime
committed (in the latter case, generally under oath); an information;
accusation; the initial bill in proceedings in equity.

Syn.
 -- Lamentation; murmuring; sorrow; grief; disease; illness;
disorder; malady; ailment.

COMPLAINTFUL
Com*plaint"ful, a.

Defn: Full of complaint. [Obs.]

COMPLAISANCE
Com"plai*sance`, n. Etym: [F. complaisance. See Complaisant, and cf.
Complacence.]

Defn: Disposition to please or oblige; obliging compliance with the
wishes of others; a deportment indicative of a desire to please;
courtesy; civility.
These [ladies] . . . are by the just complaisance and gallantry of
our nation the most powerful part of our people. Addison.
They strive with their own hearts and keep them down, In complaisance
to all the fools in town. Young.

Syn.
 -- Civility; courtesy; urbanity; suavity; affability; good breeding.

COMPLAISANT
Com"plai*sant, a. Etym: [F. complaisant, p. pr. of complaire to
acquiesce as a favor, fr. L. complacere. See Complacent.]

Defn: Desirous to please; courteous; obliging; compliant; as, a
complaisant gentleman.
There are to whom my satire seems too bold: Scarce to wise Peter
complaisant enough. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Obliging; courteous; affable; gracious; civil; polite; well-bred.
See Obliging.
 -- Com"plai*sant`ly, adv.
 -- Com"plai*sant`ness, n.

COMPLANAR
Com*pla"nar, a.

Defn: See Coplanar.

COMPLANATE
Com"pla*nate ( or , a. Etym: [L. complanatus, p. p. of complanare to
make plane. See Plane, v. t.]

Defn: Flattened to a level surface. [R.]

COMPLANATE
Com"pla*nate, v. t.

Defn: To make level. [R.]

COMPLECTED
Com*plect"ed, a.

Defn: Complexioned. [Low, New Eng.]

COMPLEMENT
Com"ple*ment, n. Etym: [L. complementun: cf. F. complément. See
Complete, v. t., and cf. Compliment.]

1. That which fills up or completes; the quantity or number required
to fill a thing or make it complete.

2. That which is required to supply a deficiency, or to complete a
symmetrical whole.
History is the complement of poetry. Sir J. Stephen.

3. Full quantity, number, or amount; a complete set; completeness.
To exceed his complement and number appointed him which was one
hundred and twenty persons. Hakluyt.

4. (Math.)

Defn: A second quantity added to a given quantity to make equal to a
third given quantity.

5. Something added for ornamentation; an accessory. [Obs.]
Without vain art or curious complements. Spenser.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: The whole working force of a vessel.

7. (Mus.)

Defn: The interval wanting to complete the octave; -- the fourth is
the complement of the fifth, the sixth of the third.

8. A compliment. [Obs.] Shak. Arithmetical compliment of a logarithm.
See under Logarithm.
 -- Arithmetical complement of a number (Math.), the difference
between that number and the next higher power of 10; as, 4 is the
complement of 6, and 16 of 84.
 -- Complement of an arc or angle (Geom.), the difference between
that arc or angle and 90º.
 -- Complement of a parallelogram. (Math.) See Gnomon.
 -- In her complement (Her.), said of the moon when represented as
full.

COMPLEMENT
Com"ple*ment, v. t.

1. To supply a lack; to supplement. [R.]

2. To compliment. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

COMPLEMENTAL
Com`ple*men"tal, a.

1. Supplying, or tending to supply, a deficiency; fully completing.
"Complemental ceremony." Prynne.

2. Complimentary; courteous. [Obs.] Shak. Complemental air
(Physiol.), the air (averaging 100 cubic inches) which can be drawn
into the lungs in addition to the tidal air, by the deepest possible
inspiration.
 -- Complemental males (Zoöl.), peculiar small males living
parasitically on the ordinary hermaphrodite individuals of certain
barnacles.

COMPLEMENTARY
Com`ple*men"ta"ry, a.

Defn: Serving to fill out or to complete; as, complementary numbers.
Complementary colors. See under Color.
 -- Complementary angles (Math.), two angles whose sum is 90°.

COMPLEMENTARY
Com`ple*men"ta*ry, n. Etym: [See Complimentary.]

Defn: One skilled in compliments. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

COMPLETE
Com"plete", a. Etym: [L. completus, p. p. of complere to fill. See
Full, a., and cf. Comply, Compline.]

1. Filled up; with no part or element lacking; free from deficienty;
entire; perfect; consummate. "Complete perfections." Milton.
Ye are complete in him. Col. ii. 10.
That thou, dead corse, again in complete steel Revesit'st thus the
glimpses of the moon. Shak.

2. Finished; ended; concluded; completed; as, the edifice is
complete.
This course of vanity almost complete. Prior.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Having all the parts or organs which belong to it or to the
typical form; having calyx, corolla, stamens, and pistil.

Syn.
 -- See Whole.

COMPLETE
Com*plete", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Completed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Completing.]

Defn: To bring to a state in which there is no deficiency; to
perfect; to consummate; to accomplish; to fulfill; to finish; as, to
complete a task, or a poem; to complete a course of education.
Bred only and completed to the taste Of lustful appetence. Milton.
And, to complete her bliss, a fool for mate. Pope.

Syn.
 -- To perform; execute; terminate; conclude; finish; end; fill up;
achieve; realize; effect; consummate; accomplish; effectuate;
fulfill; bring to pass.

COMPLETELY
Com*plete"ly, adv.

Defn: In a complete manner; fully.

COMPLETEMENT
Com*plete"ment, n.

Defn: Act of completing or perfecting; completion. [Obs.] Dryden.

COMPLETENESS
Com*plete"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being complete.

COMPLETION
Com*ple"tion, n. Etym: [L. completio a filling, a fulfillment.]

1. The act or process of making complete; the getting through to the
end; as, the completion of an undertaking, an education, a service.
The completion of some repairs. Prescott.

2. State of being complete; fulfillment; accomplishment; realization.
Predictions receiving their completion in Christ. South.

COMPLETIVE
Com*ple"tive, a. Etym: [L. completivus: cf. F. compl.]

Defn: Making complete. [R.] J. Harris.

COMPLETORY
Com*ple"to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving to fulfill.
Completory of ancient presignifications. Barrow.

COMPLETORY
Com"ple*to"ry ( or ), n. Etym: [L. completorium.] (Eccl.)

Defn: Same as Compline.

COMPLEX
Com"plex, a. Etym: [L. complexus, p. p. of complecti to entwine
around, comprise; com- + plectere to twist, akin to plicare to fold.
See Plait, n.]

1. Composed of two or more parts; composite; not simple; as, a
complex being; a complex idea.
Ideas thus made up of several simple ones put together, I call
complex; such as beauty, gratitude, a man, an army, the universe.
Locke.

2. Involving many parts; complicated; intricate.
When the actual motions of the heavens are calculated in the best
possible way, the process is difficult and complex. Whewell.
Complex fraction. See Fraction.
 -- Complex number (Math.), in the theory of numbers, an expression
of the form a + bsq. root-1, when a and b are ordinary integers.

Syn.
 -- See Intricate.

COMPLEX
Com"plex, n. Etym: [L. complexus]

Defn: Assemblage of related things; colletion; complication.
This parable of the wedding supper comprehends in it the whole
complex of all the blessings and privileges exhibited by the gospel.
South.
Complex of lines (Geom.), all the possible straight lines in space
being considered, the entire system of lines which satisfy a single
relation constitute a complex; as, all the lines which meet a given
curve make up a complex. The lines which satisfy two relations
constitute a congruency of lines; as, the entire system of lines,
each one of which meets two given surfaces, is a congruency.

COMPLEXED
Com*plexed", a.

Defn: Complex, complicated. [Obs.] "Complexed significations." Sir T.
Browne.

COMPLEXEDNESS
Com*plex"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being complex or involved;
complication.
The complexedness of these moral ideas. Locke.

COMPLEXION
Com*plex"ion, n. Etym: [F. complexion, fr. L. complexio. See Complex,
a.]

1. The state of being complex; complexity. [Obs.]
Though the terms of propositions may be complex, yet . . . it is
proprly called a simple syllogism, since the complexion does not
belong to the syllogistic form of it. I. Watts.

2. A combination; a complex. [Archaic]
This paragraph is . . . a complexion of sophisms. Coleridge.

3. The bodily constitution; the temperament; habitude, or natural
disposition; character; nature. [Obs.]
If his complexion incline him to melancholy. Milton.
It is the complexion of them all to leave the dam. Shak.

4. The color or hue of the skin, esp. of the face.
Tall was her stature, her complexion dark. Wordswoorth.
Between the pale complexion of true love, And the red glow of scron
and proud disdain. Shak.

5. The general appearance or aspect; as, the complexion of the sky;
the complexion of the news.

COMPLEXIONAL
Com*plex"ion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to constitutional complexion.
A moral rather than a complexional timidity. Burke.

COMPLEXIONALLY
Com*plex"ion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Constitutionally. [R.]
Though corruptible, not complexionally vicious. Burke.

COMPLEXIONARY
Com*plex"ion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the complexion, or to the care of it. Jer.
Taylor.

COMPLEXIONED
Com*plex"ioned, a.

Defn: Having (such) a complexion; -- used in composition; as, a dark-
complexioned or a ruddy-complexioned person.
A flower is the best-complexioned grass, as a pearl is the best-
colored clay. Fuller.

COMPLEXITY
Com*plex"i*ty, n.; pl. Complexities. Etym: [Cf. F. complexité.]

1. The state of being complex; intricacy; entanglement.
The objects of society are of the greatest possible complexity.
Burke.

2. That which is complex; intricacy; complication.
Many-corridored complexities Of Arthur's palace. Tennyson.

COMPLEXLY
Com"plex`ly, adv.

Defn: In a complex manner; not simply.

COMPLEXNESS
Com"plex`ness, n.

Defn: The state of being complex; complexity. A. Smith.

COMPLEXUS
Com*plex"us, n. Etym: [L., an embracing.]

Defn: A complex; an aggregate of parts; a complication.

COMPLIABLE
Com*pli"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of bending or yielding; apt to yield; compliant.
Another compliable mind. Milton.
The Jews . . . had made their religion compliable, and accemodated to
their passions. Jortin.

COMPLIANCE
Com*pli"ance, n. Etym: [See Comply.]

1. The act of complying; a yielding; as to a desire, demand, or
proposal; concession; submission.
What compliances will remove dissension Swift.
Ready compliance with the wishes of his people. Macaulay.

2. A disposition to yield to others; complaisance.
A man of few words and of great compliance. Clarendon.

Syn.
 -- Concession; submission; consent; obedience; performance;
execution; acqquiescence; assent.

COMPLIANCY
Com*pli"an*cy, n.

Defn: Compliance; disposition to yield to others. Goldsmith.

COMPLIANT
Com*pli"ant, a.

Defn: Yielding; bending; pliant; submissive. "The compliant boughs."
Milton.

COMPLIANTLY
Com*pli"ant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a compliant manner.

COMPLICACY
Com"pli*ca*cy, n.

Defn: A state of being complicate or intricate. Mitford.

COMPLICANT
Com"pli*cant, a. Etym: [L. complicans, p. pr.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Overlapping, as the elytra of certain beetles.

COMPLICATE
Com"pli*cate, a. Etym: [L. complicatus, p. p. of complicare to fold
together. See Complex.]

1. Composed of two or more parts united; complex; complicated;
involved.
How poor, how rich, how abject, how august, How complicate, how
wonderful is man! Young.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Folded together, or upon itself, with the fold running
lengthwise.

COMPLICATE
Com"pli*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Complicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Complicating.]

Defn: To fold or twist together; to combine intricately; to make
complex; to combine or associate so as to make intricate or
difficult.
Nor can his complicated sinews fail. Young.
Avarice and luxury very often become one complicated principle of
action. Addison.
When the disease is complicated with other diseases. Arbuthnot.

COMPLICATELY
Com"pli*cate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a complex manner.

COMPLICATENESS
Com"pli*cate*ness, n.

Defn: Complexity. Sir M. Hale.

COMPLICATION
Com`pli*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. compliasion: cf. F. complication.]

1. The act or process of complicating; the state of being
complicated; intricate or confused relation of parts; entaglement;
complexity.
A complication of diseases. Macaulay.
Through and beyond these dark complications of the present, the New
England founders looked to the great necessities of future times.
Palfrey.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A disease or diseases, or adventitious circumstances or
conditions, coexistent with and modifying a primary disease, but not
necessarily connected with it.

COMPLICE
Com"plice, n.; pl. Complices. Etym: [F., fr. L. complex, -plicis,
closely connected with one, confederate. See Complicate, and cf.
Accomplice.]

Defn: An accomplice. [Obs.]
To quell the rebels and their complices. Shak.

COMPLICITY
Com*plic"i*ty, n.; pl. Complicities. Etym: [F. complicité.]

Defn: The state of being an accomplice; participation in guilt.

COMPLIER
Com*pli"er, n.

Defn: One who complies, yields, or obeys; one of an easy, yieldy
temper. Swift.

COMPLIMENT
Com"pli*ment, n. Etym: [F. compliment. It complimento, fr. comlire to
compliment, finish, suit, fr. L. complere to fill up. See Complete,
and cf. Complement.]

Defn: An expression, by word or act, of approbation, regard,
confidence, civility, or admiration; a flattering speech or
attention; a ceremonious greeting; as, to send one's compliments to a
friend.
Tedious waste of time, to sit and hear So many hollow compliments and
lies. Milton.
Many a compliment politely penned. Cowper.
To make one a compliment, to show one respect; to praise one in a
flattering way.Locke.
 -- To make one's compliments to, to offer formal courtesias to.
 -- To stand on compliment, to treat with ceremony.

Syn.
 -- See Adulation.

COMPLIMENT
Com"pli*ment, v. t.

Defn: To praise, flatter, or gratify, by expressions of approbation,
respect, or congratulation; to make or pay a compliment to.
Monarchs should their inward soul disguise; . . . Should compliment
their foes and shun their friends. Prior.

Syn.
 -- To praise; flatter; adulate; commend.

COMPLIMENT
Com"pli*ment, v. i.

Defn: To pass compliments; to use conventional expressions of
respect.
I make the interlocutors, upon occasion, compliment with one another.
Boyle.

COMPLIMENTAL
Com`pli*men"tal, a.

Defn: Complimentary. [Obs.]
Languages . . . grow rich and abundant in complimental phrases, and
such froth. Sir H. Wotton.
-- Com`pli*men"tal*ly, adv. [Obs.] Boyle.
 -- Com`pli*men"tal*ness, n. [Obs.] Hammond.

COMPLIMENTARY
Com`pli*men"ta*ry, a.

Defn: Expressive of regard or praise; of the nature of, or
containing, a compliment; as, a complimentary remark; a complimentary
ticket. "Complimentary addresses." Prescott.

COMPLIMENTATIVE
Com`pli*men"ta*tive, a.

Defn: Complimentary. [R.] Boswell.

COMPLIMENTER
Com"pli*ment`er, n.

Defn: One who compliments; one given to complimenting; a flatterer.

COMPLINE; COMPLIN
Com"pline, Com"plin, n. Etym: [From OE. complie, OF. complie, F.
complies, pl., fr. LL. completa (prop. fem. of L. completus) the
religious exercise which completes and closes the service of the day.
See Complete.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The last division of the Roman Catholic breviary; the seventh
and last of the canonical hours of the Western church; the last
prayer of the day, to be said after sunset.
The custom of godly man been to shut up the evening with a compline
of prayer at nine of the night. Hammond.

COMPLOT
Com"plot, n. Etym: [F. complot, prob. for comploit, fr.L.
complicitum, prop. p. p. of complicare, but equiv. to complicatio
complication, entangling. See Complicate, and cf. Plot.]

Defn: A plotting together; a confederacy in some evil design; a
conspiracy.
I know their complot is to have my life. Shak.

COMPLOT
Com*plot", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Complotted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Complotting.] Etym: [Cf. F. comploter, fr. complot.]

Defn: To plot or plan together; to conspire; to join in a secret
design.
We find them complotting together, and contriving a new scence of
miseries to the Trojans. Pope.

COMPLOTMENT
Com*plot"ment, n.

Defn: A plotting together. [R.]

COMPLOTTER
Com*plot"ter, n.

Defn: One joined in a plot. Dryden.

COMPLUTENSIAN
Com`plu*ten"sian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Complutum (now Alcala de Henares) a city
near Madrid; as, the Complutensian Bible.

COMPLUVIUM
Com*plu"vi*um, n. Etym: [L.] (Arch.)

Defn: A space left unroofed over the court of a Roman dwelling,
through which the rain fell into the impluvium or cistern.

COMPLY
Com*ply", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Complied; p. pr. & vb. n. Complying.]
Etym: [Perh. formed fr. compliment, influenced by ply, pliant, which
are of different origin: cf. It. complire to compliment, finish,
suit. See Compliment, Complete.]

1. To yield assent; to accord; agree, or acquiesce; to adapt one's
self; to consent or conform; -- usually followed by with.
Yet this be sure, in nothing to comply, Scandalous or forbidden in
our law. Milton.
They did servilely comply with the people in worshiping God by
sensible images. Tillotson.
He that complies against his will Is of his own opinion still.
Hudibras.

2. To be ceremoniously courteous; to make one's compliments. [Obs.]
Shak.

COMPLY
Com*ply", v. t. Etym: [See comply, v. i.]

1. To fulfill; to accomplish. [Obs.] Chapman.

2. Etym: [Cf. L. complicare to fold up. See Ply.]

Defn: To infold; to embrace. [Obs.]
Seemed to comply, Cloudlike, the daintie deitie. Herrick.

COMPO
Com"po, n.; pl. -pos (#).

Defn: Short for Composition; -- used, esp. in England, colloq. in
various trade applications; as :
 (a) A mortar made of sand and cement.
 (b) A carver's mixture of resin, whiting, and glue, used  instead of
plaster of Paris for ornamenting walls and cornices.
 (c) A composition for billiard balls.
 (d) A preparation of which printer's rollers are made.
 (e) A preparation used in currying leather.
 (f) Composition paid by a debtor.

COMPONE
Com*pone", v. t. Etym: [L. componere. See Compound.]

Defn: To compose; to settle; to arrange. [Obs.]
A good pretense for componing peace. Strype.

COMPONE
Com*po"ne, a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Compony.

COMPONENT
Com*po"nent, a. Etym: [L. componens, p. pr. of componere. See
Compound, v. t.]

Defn: Serving, or helping, to form; composing; constituting;
constituent.
The component parts of natural bodies. Sir I. Newton.

COMPONENT
Com*po"nent, n.

Defn: A constituent part; an ingredient. Component of force (Mech.),
a force which, acting conjointly with one or more forces, produces
the effect of a single force or resultant; one of a number of forces
into which a single force may be resolved.

COMPONY; COMPONE
Com*po"ny, Com*po"né, a. Etym: [F. componé.] (Her.)

Defn: Divided into squares of alternate tinctures in a single row; --
said of any bearing; or, in the case of a bearing having curved
lines, divided into patches of alternate colors following the curve.
If there are two rows it is called counter-compony.

COMPORT
Com*port", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Comported; p. pr. & vb. n.
Comporting.] Etym: [F. comporter, LL. comportare, fr.L. comportare to
bring together; com- + portare to carry. See Port demeanor.]

1. To bear or endure; to put up (with); as, to comport with an
injury. [Obs.] Barrow.

2. To agree; to accord; to suit; -- sometimes followed by with.
How ill this dullness doth comport with greatness. Beau. & Fl.
How their behavior herein comported with the institution. Locke.

COMPORT
Com*port", v. t.

1. To bear; to endure; to brook; to put with. [Obs.]
The malcontented sort That never can the present state comport.
Daniel.

2. To carry; to conduct; -- with a reflexive pronoun.
Observe how Lord Somers . . . comported himself. Burke.

COMPORT
Com"port (, formerly , n. Etym: [Cf.OF. comport.]

Defn: Manner of acting; behavior; conduct; deportment. [Obs.]
I knew them well, and marked their rude comport. Dryden.

COMPORTABLE
Com*port"a*ble, a.

Defn: Suitable; consistent. [Obs.] "Some comportable method." Wotton.

COMPORTANCE
Com*port"ance, n.

Defn: Behavior; comport. [Obs.]
Goodly comportance each to other bear. Spenser.

COMPORTATION
Com`por*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. comportatio.]

Defn: A bringing together. [Obs.] Bp. Richardson.

COMPORTMENT
Com*port"ment, n. Etym: [F. comportement.]

Defn: Manner of acting; behavior; bearing.
A graceful comportment of their bodies. Cowley.
Her serious and devout comportment. Addison.

COMPOSE
Com*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Composed; p. pr. & vb. n. Composing.]
Etym: [F. composer; com- + poser to place. The sense is that of L.
componere, but the prigin is different. See Pose, v. t.]

1. To form by putting together two or more things or parts; to put
together; to make up; to fashion.
Zeal ought to be composed of the hidhest degrees of all pious
affection. Bp. Sprat.

2. To form the substance of, or part of the substance of; to
constitute.
Their borrowed gold composed The calf in Oreb. Milton.
A few useful things . . . compose their intellectual possessions. I.
Watts.

3. To construct by mental labor; to design and execute, or put
together, in a manner involving the adaptation of forms of expression
to ideas, or to the laws of harmony or proportion; as, to compose a
sentence, a sermon, a symphony, or a picture.
Let me compose Something in verse as well as prose. Pope.
The genius that composed such works as the "Standard" and "Last
Supper". B. R. Haydon.

4. To dispose in proper form; to reduce to order; to put in proper
state or condition; to adjust; to regulate.
In a peaceful grave my corpse compose. Dryden.
How in safety best we may Compose our present evils. Milton.

5. To free from agitation or disturbance; to tranquilize; to soothe;
to calm; to quiet.
Compose thy mind; Nor frauds are here contrived, nor force designed.
Dryden.

6. (Print.)

Defn: To arrange (types) in a composing stick in order for printing;
to set (type).

COMPOSE
Com*pose", v. i.

Defn: To come to terms. [Obs.] Shak.

COMPOSED
Com*posed", a.

Defn: Free from agitation; calm; sedate; quiet; tranquil; self-
possessed.
The Mantuan there in sober triumph sate, Composed his posture, and
his look sedate. Pope.
-- Com*pos"ed*ly (, adv.
 -- Com*pos"ed*ness, n.

COMPOSER
Com*pos"er, n.

1. One who composes; an author. Specifically, an author of a piece of
music.
If the thoughts of such authors have nothing in them, they at least .
. . show an honest industry and a good intention in the composer.
Addison.
His [Mozart's] most brilliant and solid glory is founded upon his
talents as a composer. Moore (Encyc. of Mus. ).

2. One who, or that which, quits or calms; one who adjust a
difference.
Sweet composes of the pensive sGay.

COMPOSING
Com*pos"ing, a.

1. Tending to compose or soothe.

2. Pertaining to, or used in, composition. Composing frame (Print.),
a stand for holding cases of type when in use.
 -- Composing rule (Print.), a thin slip of brass or steel, against
which the type is arranged in a composing stick, or by the aid of
which stickfuls or handfuls or type are lifted; -- called also
setting rule.
 -- Composing stick (Print.), an instrument usually of metal, which
the compositor holds in his left hand, and in which he arranges the
type in words and lines. It has one open side, and one adjustable end
by means of which the length of the lines, and consequently the width
of the page or column, may be determined.

COMPOSITAE
Com*pos"i*tæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. compositus made up of parts.
See Composite.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large family of dicotyledonous plants, having their flowers
arranged in dense heads of many small florets and their anthers
united in a tube. The daisy, dandelion, and asters, are examples.

COMPOSITE
Com*pos"ite, a. Etym: [L. compositus made up of parts, p. p. of
componere. See Compound, v. t., and cf. Compost.]

1. Made up of distinct parts or elements; compounded; as, a composite
language.
Happiness, like air and water . . . is composite. Landor.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Belonging to a certain order which is composed of the Ionic
order grafted upon the Corinthian. It is called also the Roman or the
Italic order, and is one of the five orders recognized by the Italian
writers of the sixteenth century. See Capital.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to the order Compositæ; bearing involucrate heads of
many small florets, as the daisy, thistle, and dandelion. Composite
carriage, a railroad car having compartments of different classes.
[Eng.] -- Composite number (Math.), one which can be divided exactly
by a number exceeding unity, as 6 by 2 or 3.prime number.
 -- Composite photograph or portrait, one made by a combination, or
blending, of several distinct photographs. F. Galton.
 -- Composite sailing (Naut.), a combination of parallel and great
circle sailing.
 -- Composite ship, one with a wooden casing and iron frame.

COMPOSITE
Com*pos"ite, n.

Defn: That which is made up of parts or compounded of several
elements; composition; combination; compound. [R.]

COMPOSITION
Com`po*si"tion, n. Etym: [F. composition, fr. L. compositio. See
Composite.]

1. The act or art of composing, or forming a whole or integral, by
placing together and uniting different things, parts, or ingredients.
In specific uses:
(a) The invention or combination of the parts of any literary work or
discourse, or of a work of art; as, the composition of a poem or a
piece of music. "The constant habit of elaborate composition."
Macaulay.
(b) (Fine Arts) The art or practice of so combining the different
parts of a work of art as to produce a harmonious whole; also, a work
of art considered as such. See 4, below.
(c) The act of writing for practice in a language, as English, Latin,
German, etc.
(d) (Print.) The setting up of type and arranging it for printing.

2. The state of being put together or composed; conjunction;
combination; adjustment.
View them in composition with other things. I. Watts.
The elementary composition of bodies. Whewell.

3. A mass or body formed by combining two or more substances; as, a
chemical composition.
A omposition that looks . . . like marble. Addison.

4. A literary, musical, or artistic production, especially one
showing study and care in arrangement; -- often used of an elementary
essay or translation done as an educational exercise.

5. Consistency; accord; congruity. [Obs.]
There is no composition in these news That gives them credit. Shak.

6. Mutual agreement to terms or conditions for the settlement of a
difference or controversy; also, the terms or conditions of
settlement; agreement.
Thus we are agreed: I crave our composition may be written. Shak.

7. (Law)

Defn: The adjustment of a debt, or avoidance of an obligation, by
some form of compensation agreed on between the parties; also, the
sum or amount of compensation agreed upon in the adjustment.
Compositions for not taking the order of knighthood. Hallam.
Cleared by composition with their creditors. Blackstone.

8. Synthesis as opposed to analysis.
The investigation of difficult things by the method of analysis ought
ever to precede the method of composition. Sir I. Newton.
Composition cloth, a kind of clotch covered with a preparation making
it waterproof.
 -- Composition deed, an agreement for composition between a debtor
and several creditors.
 -- Composition plane (Crystallog.), the plane by which the two
individuals of a twin crystal are united in their reserved positions.
 -- Composition of forces (Mech.), the finding of a single force
(called the resultant) which shall be equal in effect to two or more
given forces (called the components) when acting in given directions.
Herbert.
 -- Composition metal, an alloy resembling brass, which is sometimes
used instead of copper for sheathing vessels; -- also called Muntz
metal and yellow metal.
 -- Composition of proportion (Math.), an arrangement of four
proportionals so that the sum of the arrangement of four
proportionals so that the sum of the third and fourth to the
fourth.COMPOSITIVE
Com*pos"i*tive, a. Etym: [L. compositivus.]

Defn: Having the quality of entering into composition; compounded.
[R.]

COMPOSITIVE
Com*pos"i*tive, a. [L. compositivus.]

Defn: Having the quality of entering into composition; compounded.
[R.]

COMPOSITOR
Com*pos"i*tor, n. Etym: [L., an arranger.]

1. One who composes or sets in order.

2. (Print.)

Defn: One who sets type and arranges it for use.

COMPOSITOUS
Com*pos"i*tous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to the Compositæ; composite. [R.] Darwin.

COMPOS-MENTIS
Com"pos-men"tis, n.

Defn: One who is compos mentis. [Colloq.]

COMPOSSIBLE
Com*pos"si*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. com- + possible.]

Defn: Able to exist with another thing; consistent. [R.]
Chillingworth.

COMPOST
Com"post, n.Etym: [OF. compost, fr. L. compositus, p. p. See
Composite.]

1. A mixture; a compound. [R.]
A sad compost of more bitter than sweet. Hammond.

2. (Agric.)

Defn: A mixture for fertilizing land; esp., a composition of various
substances (as muck, mold, lime, and stable manure) thoroughly
mingled and decomposed, as in a compost heap.
And do not spread the compost on the weeds To make them ranker. Shak.

COMPOST
Com"post, v. t.

1. To manure with compost.

2. To mingle, as different fertilizing substances, in a mass where
they will decompose and form into a compost.

COMPOSTURE
Com*pos"ture, n. Etym: [L. compositura, -postura, a joining.]

Defn: Manure; compost. [Obs.] Shak.

COMPOSURE
Com*po"sure, n. Etym: [From Compose.]

1. The act of composing, or that which is composed; a composition.
[Obs.]
Signor Pietro, who had an admirable way both of composure [in music]
and teaching. Evelyn.

2. Orderly adjustment; disposition. [Obs.]
Various composures and combinations of these corpuscles. Woodward.

3. Frame; make; temperament. [Obs.]
His composure must be rare indeed Whom these things can not blemish.
Shak.

4. A settled state; calmness; sedateness; tranquillity; repose. "We
seek peace and composure." Milton.
When the passions . . . are all silent, the mind enjoys its most
perfect composure. I. Watts.

5. A combination; a union; a bond. [Obs.] Shak.

COMPOTATION
Com`po*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. compotatio; com- + potare to drink.]

Defn: The act of drinking or tippling together. [R.]
The fashion of compotation. Sir W. Scott.

COMPOTATOR
Com"po*ta`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who drinks with another. [R.] Pope.

COMPOTE
Com"pote, n. Etym: [F. See Compost.]

Defn: A preparation of fruit in sirup in such a manner as to preserve
its form, either whole, halved, or quartered; as, a compote of pears.
Littr

COMPOTIER
Com`po`tier" (kôN`po`tya"), n.; pl. Compotiers (F. tya"). [F.]

Defn: A dish for holding compotes, fruit, etc.

COMPOUND
Com"pound, n. Etym: [Malay kompund a village.]

Defn: In the East Indies, an inclosure containing a house,
outbuildings, etc.

COMPOUND
Com*pound", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Compounded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Compounding.] Etym: [OE. componen, compounen, L. componere,
compositum; com-+ ponere to put set. The d is excrescent. See
Position, and cf. Componé.]

1. To form or make by combining different elements, ingredients, or
parts; as, to compound a medicine.
Incapacitating him from successfully compounding a tale of this sort.
Sir W. Scott.

2. To put together, as elements, ingredients, or parts, in order to
form a whole; to combine, mix, or unite.
We have the power of altering and compounding those images into all
the varieties of picture. Addison.

3. To modify or change by combination with some other thing or part;
to mingle with something else.
Only compound me with forgotten dust. Shak.

4. To compose; to constitute. [Obs.]
His pomp and all what state compounds. Shak.

5. To settle amicably; to adjust by agreement; to compromise; to
discharge from obligation upon terms different from those which were
stipulated; as, to compound a debt.
I pray, my lords, let me compound this strife. Shak.
To compound a felony, to accept of a consideration for forbearing to
prosecute, such compounding being an indictable offense. See
Theftbote.

COMPOUND
Com*pound", v. i.

Defn: To effect a composition; to come to terms of agreement; to
agree; to settle by a compromise; -- usually followed by with before
the person participating, and for before the thing compounded or the
consideration.
Here's a fellow will help you to-morrow; . . . compound with him by
the year. Shak.
They were at last glad to compound for his bare commitment to the
Tower. Clarendon.
Cornwall compounded to furnish ten oxen after Michaelmas for thirty
pounds. R. Carew.
Compound for sins they are inclined to By damning those they have no
mind to. Hudibras.

COMPOUND
Com"pound, a. Etym: [OE. compouned, p. p. of compounen. See Compound,
v. t.]

Defn: Composed of two or more elements, ingredients, parts; produced
by the union of several ingredients, parts, or things; composite; as,
a compound word.
Compound substances are made up of two or more simple substances. I.
Watts.
Compound addition, substraction, multiplication, division (Arith.),
the addition, substraction, etc., of compound numbers.
 -- Compound crystal (Crystallog.), a twin crystal, or one seeming to
be made up of two or more crystals combined according to regular laws
of composition.
 -- Compound engine (Mech.), a form of steam engine in which the
steam that has been used in a high-pressure cylinder is made to do
further service in a larger low-pressure cylinder, sometimes in
several larger cylinders, successively.
 -- Compound ether. (Chem.) See under Ether.
 -- Compound flower (Bot.), a flower head resembling a single flower,
but really composed of several florets inclosed in a common calyxlike
involucre, as the sunflower or dandelion.
 -- Compound fraction. (Math.) See Fraction.
 -- Compound fracture. See Fracture.
 -- Compound householder, a householder who compounds or arranges
with his landlord that his rates shall be included in his rents.
[Eng.] -- Compound interest. See Interest.
 -- Compound larceny. (Law) See Larceny.
 -- Compound leaf (Bot.), a leaf having two or more separate blades
or leaflets on a common leafstalk.
 -- Compound microscope. See Microscope.
 -- Compound motion. See Motion.
 -- Compound number (Math.), one constructed according to a varying
scale of denomination; as, 3 cwt., 1 qr., 5 lb.; -- called also
denominate number.
 -- Compound pier (Arch.), a clustered column.
 -- Compound quantity (Alg.), a quantity composed of two or more
simple quantities or terms, connected by the sign + (plus) or -
(minus). Thus, a + b - c, and bb - b, are compound quantities.
 -- Compound radical. (Chem.) See Radical.
 -- Compound ratio (Math.), the product of two or more ratios; thus
ab:cd is a ratio compounded of the simple ratios a:c and b:d.
 -- Compound rest (Mech.), the tool carriage of an engine lathe.
 -- Compound screw (Mech.), a screw having on the same axis two or
more screws with different pitch (a differential screw), or running
in different directions (a right and left screw).
 -- Compound time (Mus.), that in which two or more simple measures
are combined in one; as, 6-8 time is the joining of two measures of
3-8 time.
 -- Compound word, a word composed of two or more words;
specifically, two or more words joined together by a hyphen.

COMPOUND
Com"pound, n.

1. That which is compounded or formed by the union or mixture of
elements ingredients, or parts; a combination of simples; a compound
word; the result of composition. Shak.
Rare compound of oddity, frolic, and fun. Goldsmith.
When the word "bishopric" was first made, it was made as a compound.
Earle.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A union of two or more ingredients in definite proportions by
weight, so combined as to form a distinct substance; as, water is a
compound of oxygen and hydrogen.

Note: Every definite chemical compound always contains the same
elements, united in the same proportions by weight, and with the same
internal arrangement. Binary compound (Chem.). See under Binary.
 -- Carbon compounds (Chem.). See under Carbon.

COMPOUNDABLE
Com*pound"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be compounded.

COMPOUND CONTROL
Com"pound con*trol". (Aëronautics)

Defn: A system of control in which a separate manipulation, as of a
rudder, may be effected by either of two movements, in different
directions, of a single lever, etc.

COMPOUNDER
Com*pound"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, compounds or mixes; as, a compounder of
medicines.

2. One who attempts to bring persons or parties to terms of
agreement, or to accomplish, ends by compromises. "Compounder in
politics." Burke.

3. One who compounds a debt, obligation, or crime.
Religious houses made compounders For the horrid actions of their
founders. Hudibras.

4. One at a university who pays extraordinary fees for the degree he
is to take. [Eng.] A. Wood.

5. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: A Jacobite who favored the restoration of James II, on
condition of a general amnesty and of guarantees for the security of
the civil and ecclesiastical constitution of the realm.

COMPRADOR
Com`pra*dor, n. Etym: [Pg., a buyer.]

Defn: A kind of steward or agent. [China] S. W. Williams

COMPRECATION
Com`pre*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. comprecatio, fr. comprecari to pray to.
See Precarious.]

Defn: A praying together. [Obs.] Bp. Wilkins.

COMPREHEND
Com`pre*hend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Comprehended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Comprehending.] Etym: [L. comprehendere, comprehensum; com- +
prehendere to grasp, seize; prae before + hendere (used only in
comp.). See Get, and cf. Comprise.]

1. To contain; to embrace; to include; as, the states comprehended in
the Austrian Empire.
Who hath . . . comprehended the dust of the earth in a measure. Is.
xl. 12.

2. To take in or include by construction or implication; to comprise;
to imply.
Comprehended all in this one word, Discretion. Hobbes.
And if there be any other commandment, it is briefly comprehended in
this saying. Rom. xiii. 9.

3. To take into the mind; to grasp with the understanding; to
apprehend the meaning of; to understand.
At a loss to comprehend the question. W. Irwing.
Great things doeth he, which we can not comprehend. Job. xxxvii. 5.

Syn.
 -- To contain; include; embrace; comprise; inclose; grasp; embody;
involve; imply; apprehend; imagine; conceive; understand. See
Apprehend.

COMPREHENSIBILITY
Com`pre*hen`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being comprehensible; capability of
being understood.

COMPREHENSIBLE
Com"pre*hen"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. comprehensibilis: cf. F.
compreéhensible.]

1. Capable of being comprehended, included, or comprised.
Lest this part of knowledge should seem to any not comprehensible by
axiom, we will set down some heads of it. Bacon.

2. Capable of being understood; intelligible; conceivable by the
mind.
The horizon sets the bounds . . . between what is and what is not
comprehensible by us. Locke.

COMPREHENSIBLENESS
Com`pre*hen"si*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being comprehensible; comprehensibility.

COMPREHENSIBLY
Com`pre*hen"si*bly, adv.

1. With great extent of signification; comprehensively. Tillotson.

2. Intelligibly; in a manner to be comprehended or understood.

COMPREHENSION
Com`pre*hen"sion, n. Etym: [L. comprehensio: cf. F. compréhension.]

1. The act of comprehending, containing, or comprising; inclusion.
In the Old Testament there is a close comprehension of the New; in
the New, an open discovery of the Old. Hooker.

2. That which is comrehended or inclosed within narrow limits; a
summary; an epitome. [Obs.]
Though not a catalogue of fundamentals, yet . . . a comprehension of
them. Chillingworth.

3. The capacity of the mind to perceive and understand; the power,
act, or process of grasping with the intellect; perception;
understanding; as, a comprehension of abstract principles.

4. (Logic)

Defn: The complement of attributes which make up the notion signified
by a general term.

5. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which the name of a whole is put for a part, or
that of a part for a whole, or a definite number for an indefinite.

COMPREHENSIVE
Com`pre*hen"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. compréhensif.]

1. Including much; comprising many things; having a wide scope or a
full view.
A very comprehensive definition. Bentley.
Large and comprehensive idea. Channing.

2. Having the power to comprehend or understand many things. "His
comprehensive head." Pope.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Possessing peculiarities that are characteristic of several
diverse groups.

Note: The term is applied chiefly to early fossil groups which have a
combination of structures that appear in more fully developed or
specialized forms in later groups. Synthetic, as used by Agssiz, is
nearly synonymous.

Syn.
 -- Extensive; wide; large; full; compendious.

COMPREHENSIVELY
Com`pre*hen"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a comprehensive manner; with great extent of scope.

COMPREHENSIVENESS
Com`pre*hen"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being comprehensive; extensiveness of scope.
Compare the beauty and comprehensiveness of legends on ancient coins.
Addison.

COMPREHENSOR
Com`pre*hen"sor, n.

Defn: One who comprehends; one who has attained to a full knowledge.
[Obs.]
When I shall have dispatched this weary pilgrimage, and from a
traveler shall come to be a comprehensor, farewell faith and welcome
vision. Bp. Hall.

COMPRESS
Com*press", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Compressed; p. pr & vb. n.
Compressing.] Etym: [L. compressus, p. p. of comprimere to compress:
com- + premere to press. See Press.]

1. To press or squeeze together; to force into a narrower compass; to
reduce the volume of by pressure; to compact; to condense; as, to
compress air or water.
Events of centuries . . . compressed within the compass of a single
life. D. Webster.
The same strength of expression, though more compressed, runs through
his historical harangues. Melmoth.

2. To embrace sexually. [Obs.] Pope.

Syn.
 -- To crowd; squeeze; condense; reduce; abridge.

COMPRESS
Com"press, n. Etym: [F. compresse.] (Surg.)

Defn: A folded piece of cloth, pledget of lint, etc., used to cover
the dressing of wounds, and so placed as, by the aid of a bandage, to
make due pressure on any part.

COMPRESSED
Com*pressed", a.

1. Pressed together; compacted; reduced in volume by pressure.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Flattened lengthwise. Compessed air engine, an engine operated
by the elastic force of compressed air.

COMPRESSED YEAST
Com*pressed" yeast.

Defn: A cake yeast made by filtering the cells from the liquid in
which they are grown, subjecting to heavy pressure, and mixing with
starch or flour.

COMPRESSIBILITY
Com*press`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. compressibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being compressible of being compressible; as,
the compressibility of elastic fluids.

COMPRESSIBLE
Com*press"i*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. compressible.]

Defn: Capable of being pressed together or forced into a narrower
compass, as an elastic or spongy substance.

COMPRESSIBLENESS
Com*press"ible*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being compressible; compressibility.

COMPRESSION
Com*pres"sion, n. Etym: [L. compressio: cf. F. compression.]

Defn: The act of compressing, or state of being compressed.
"Compression of thought." Johnson.

COMPRESSION PROJECTILE
Com*pres"sion pro*jec"tile.

Defn: A projectile constructed so as to take the grooves of a rifle
by means of a soft copper band firmly attached near its base or,
formerly, by means of an envelope of soft metal. In small arms the
modern projectile, having a soft core and harder jacket, is subjected
to compression throughout the entire cylindrical part.

COMPRESSIVE
Com*press"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. compressif.]

Defn: Compressing, or having power or tendency to compress; as, a
compressive force.

COMPRESSOR
Com*press"or, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Anything which serves to compress; as:
(a) (Anat.) A muscle that compresses certain parts.
(b) (Surg.) An instrument for compressing an artery (esp., the
femoral artery) or other part.
(c) An apparatus for confining or flattening between glass plates an
object to be examined with the microscope; -- called also
compressorium.
(d) (Mach.) A machine for compressing gases; especially, an air
compressor.

COMPRESSURE
Com*pres"sure, n.

Defn: Compression.

COMPRINT
Com*print", v. t. & i.

1. To print together.

2. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: To print surreptitiously a work belonging to another. E.
Phillips.

COMPRINT
Com"print, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: The surreptitious printing of another's copy or book; a work
thus printed.

COMPRISAL
Com*pris"al, n.

Defn: The act of comprising or comprehending; a compendium or
epitome.
A comprisal . . . and sum of all wickedness. Barrow.

COMPRISE
Com*prise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Comprised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Comprising.] Etym: [From F. compris, comprise, p. p. of comprendre,
L. comprehendere. See Comprehend.]

Defn: To comprehend; to include.
Comprise much matter in few words. Hocker.
Friendship does two souls in one comprise. Roscommon.

Syn.
 -- To embrace; include; comprehend; contain; encircle; inclose;
involve; imply.

COMPROBATE
Com"pro*bate, v. i. Etym: [L. comprobatus, p. p. of comprobare, to
approve wholly.]

Defn: To agree; to concur. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

COMPROBATION
Com`pro*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. comprobatio.]

1. Joint attestation; proof. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. Approbation. [Obs.] Foxe.

COMPROMISE
Com"pro*mise, n. Etym: [F. compromis, fr. L. compromissum a mutual
promise to abide by the decision of an arbiter, fr. compromittere to
make such a promise; com- + promittere to promise. See Promise.]

1. A mutual agreement to refer matters in dispute to the decision of
arbitrators. [Obs.] Burrill.

2. A settlement by arbitration or by mutual consent reached by
concession on both sides; a reciprocal abatement of extreme demands
or rights, resulting in an agreement.
But basely yielded upon compromise That which his noble ancestors
achieved with blows. Shak.
All government, indeed every human benefit and enjoyment, every
virtue and every prudent act, is founded on compromise and barter.
Burke.
An abhorrence of concession and compromise is a never failing
characteristic of religious factions. Hallam.

3. A committal to something derogatory or objectionable; a
prejudicial concession; a surrender; as, a compromise of character or
right.
I was determined not to accept any fine speeches, to the compromise
of that sex the belonging to which was, after all, my strongest claim
and title to them. Lamb.

COMPROMISE
Com"pro*mise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Compromised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Compromising.] Etym: [From Compromise, n.; cf. Compromit.]

1. To bind by mutual agreement; to agree. [Obs.]
Laban and himself were compromised That all the eanlings which were
streaked and pied Should fall as Jacob's hire. Shak.

2. To adjust and settle by mutual concessions; to compound.
The controversy may easily be compromised. Fuller.

3. To pledge by some act or declaration; to endanger the life,
reputation, etc., of, by some act which can not be recalled; to
expose to suspicion.
To pardon all who had been compromised in the late disturbances.
Motley.

COMPROMISE
Com"pro*mise, v. i.

1. To agree; to accord. [Obs.]

2. To make concession for concilation and peace.

COMPROMISER
Com"pro*mi`ser, n.

Defn: One who compromises.

COMPROMISSORIAL
Com`pro*mis*so"ri*al, a.

Defn: Relating to compromise. [R.] Chalmers.

COMPROMIT
Com"pro*mit`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Compromitted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Compromitting.] Etym: [L. compromittere. See Compromise, n.]

1. To pledge by some act or declaration; to promise. State Trials
(1529).

2. To put to hazard, by some indiscretion; to endanger; to
compromise; as, to compromit the honor or the safety of a nation.

COMPROVINCIAL
Com`pro*vin"cial, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or associated in, the same province. [Obs.] -- n.

Defn: One who belongs to the same province. [Obs.]
The six islands, comprovincial In ancient times unto Great Britain.
Spenser.

COMPSOGNATHUS
Comp*sog"na*thus ( , n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Dinosauria found in the Jurassic formation, and
remarkable for having several birdlike features.

COMPT
Compt (kount, formerly kòmt; 215), n. Etym: [F. compte. See Count an
account.]

Defn: Account; reckoning; computation. [Obs.] Shak.

COMPT
Compt, v. t. Etym: [F. compter. See Count, v. t.]

Defn: To compute; to count. [Obs.] See Count.

COMPT
Compt, a. Etym: [L. comptus, p. p. of comere to care for, comb,
arrange, adorn.]

Defn: Neat; spruce. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

COMPTER
Compt"er, n.

Defn: A counter. [Obs.] Shak.

COMPTE RENDU
Compte" ren`du. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A report of an officer or agent.

COMPTIBLE
Compt"i*ble, a. Etym: [See Compt, v. t.]

Defn: Accountable; responsible; sensitive. [Obs.]
I am very comptible even to the least sinister usage. Shak.

COMPTLY
Compt"ly, adv.

Defn: Neatly. [Obs.] Sherwood.

COMPTOGRAPH
Comp"to*graph, n. [F. compter to count + -graph.]

Defn: A machine for adding numbers and making a printed record of the
sum.

COMPTOMETER
Comp*tom"e*ter, n. [See Count; -meter.]

Defn: A calculating machine; an arithmometer.

COMPTROL
Comp*trol", n. & v.

Defn: See Control.

COMPTROLER
Comp*trol"er, n.

Defn: A controller; a public officer whose duty it is to examine
certify accounts.

COMPULSATIVE
Com*pul"sa*tive, a. Etym: [From L. compulsare, v. intens. of
compellere. See Compel.]

Defn: Compulsatory. [R.] Shak.

COMPULSATIVELY
Com*pul"sa*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By compulsion. [R.]

COMPULSATORY
Com*pul"sa*to*ry, a.

Defn: Operating with force; compelling; forcing; constraininig;
resulting from, or enforced by, compulsion. [R.]
To recover of us, by strong hand And terms compulsatory, those
foresaid lands. Shak.

COMPULSION
Com*pul"sion, n. Etym: [L. compulsio. See Compel.]

Defn: The act of compelling, or the state of being compelled; the act
of driving or urging by force or by physical or moral constraint;
subjection to force.
If reasons were as plentiful as blackberries, I would give no man a
reason upon compulsion. Shak.
With what complusion and laborious flight We sunk thus low. Milton.

Syn.
 -- See Constraint.

COMPULSIVE
Com*pul"sive, a.

Defn: Having power to compel; exercising or applying compulsion.
Religion is . . . inconsistent with all compulsive motives. Sharp.

COMPULSIVELY
Com*pul"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: By compulsion; by force.

COMPULSORILY
Com*pul"so*ri*ly, adv. In a compulsory manner

Defn: ; by force or constraint.

COMPULSORY
Com*pul"so*ry, a. Etym: [LL. compulsorius.]

1. Having the power of compulsion; constraining.

2. Obligatory; enjoined by authority; necessary; due to complusion.
This contribution therestening fall infinitely short of their hopes,
they soon made it compulsory. Burke.

COMPUNCT
Com*punct", a. Etym: [LL. compunctus, p. p.]

Defn: Affected with compunction; conscience-stricken. [Obs.]

COMPUNCTION
Com*punc"tion, n. Etym: [OF. compunction, F. componction, L.
compunctio, fr. compungere, compunctum, to prick; com- + pungere to
prick, sting. See Pungent.]

1. A pricking; stimulation. [Obs.]
That acid piecering spirit which, with such activity and compunction,
invadeth the brains and nostrils. Sir T. Browne.

2. A picking of heart; poignant grief proceeding from a sense of
guilt or consciousness of causing pain; the sting of conscience.
He acknowledged his disloyalty to the king, with expressions of great
compunction. Clarendon.

Syn.
 -- Compunction, Remorse, Contrition. Remorse is anguish of soul
under a sense of guilt or consciousness of having offened God or
brought evil upon one's self or others. Compunction is the pain
occasioned by a wounded and awakened conscience. Neither of them
implies true contrition, which denotes self-condemnation,
humiliation, and repentance. We speak of the gnawings of remorse; of
compunction for a specific act of transgression; of deep contrition
in view of our past lives. See Regret.

COMPUNCTIONLESS
Com*punc"tion*less, a.

Defn: Without compunction.

COMPUNCTIOUS
Com*punc"tious, a.

Defn: Of the nature of compunction; caused by conscience; attended
with, or causing, compunction.
That no compunctious vistings of nature Shake my fell purpose. Shak.

COMPUNCTIOUSLY
Com*punc"tious*ly, adv.

Defn: With compunction.

COMPUNCTIVE
Com*punc"tive, a.

Defn: Sensitive in respect of wrongdoing; conscientious. [Obs.] Jer.
Taylor.

COMPURGATION
Com`pur*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. compurgatio, fr. compurgare to purify
wholly; com- + purgare to make pure. See Purge, v. t.]

1. (Law)

Defn: The act or practice of justifying or confirming a man's
veracity by the oath of others; -- called also wager of law. See
Purgation; also Wager of law, under Wager.

2. Exculpation by testimony to one's veracity or innocence.
He was privileged from his childhood from suspicion of incontinency
and needed no compurgation. Bp. Hacket.

COMPURGATOR
Com"pur*ga`tor, n. Etym: [LL.]

Defn: One who bears testimony or swears to the veracity or innocence
of another. See Purgation; also Wager of law, under Wager.
All they who know me . . . will say they have reason in this matter
to be my compurgators. Chillingworth.

COMPURGATORIAL
Com*pur`ga*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Relating to a compurgator or to compurgation. "Their
compurgatorial oath." Milman.

COMPUTABLE
Com*put"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. computabilis.]

Defn: Capable of being computed, numbered, or reckoned.
Not easily computable by arithmetic. Sir M. Hale.

COMPUTATION
Com`pu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. computatio: cf. F. computation.]

1. The act or process of computing; calculation; reckoning.
By just computation of the time. Shak.
By a computation backward from ourselves. Bacon.

2. The result of computation; the amount computed.

Syn.
 -- Reckoning; calculation; estimate; account.

COMPUTE
Com*pute", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Computed; p. pr. & vb. n. Computing.]
Etym: [L. computare. See Count, v. t.]

Defn: To determine calculation; to reckon; to count.
Two days, as we compute the days of heaven. Milton.
What's done we partly may compute, But know not what's resisted.
Burns.

Syn.
 -- To calculate; number; count; recken; estimate; enumerate; rate.
See Calculate.

COMPUTE
Com*pute", n. Etym: [L. computus: cf. F. comput.]

Defn: Computation. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

COMPUTER
Com*put"er, n.

Defn: One who computes.

COMPUTIST
Com"pu*tist, n.

Defn: A computer.

COMRADE
Com"rade ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [Sp. camarada, fr. L. camara, a
chamber; hence, a chamber-fellowship, and then a chamber-fellow: cf.
F. camarade. Cf. Chamber.]

Defn: A mate, companion, or associate.
And turned my flying comrades to the charge. J. Baillie.
I abjure all roofs, and choose . . . To be a comrade with the wolf
and owl. Shak.

COMRADERY
Com"rade*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. camarederie.]

Defn: The spirit of comradeship; comradeship. [R.]
"Certainly", said Dunham, with the comradery of the smoker. W. D.
Howells.

COMRADESHIP
Com"rade*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a comrade; intimate fellowship.

COMROGUE
Com"rogue`, n.

Defn: A fellow rogue. [Obs.]

COMTISM
Com"tism ( or ), n. Etym: [Named after the French philosopher,
Auguste Comte.]

Defn: Positivism; the positive philosophy. See Positivism.

COMTIST
Com"tist, n.

Defn: A disciple of Comte; a positivist.

CON; CON-
Con

Defn: - (cum, signifying with, together, etc. See Com-.

CON
Con, adv. Etym: [Abbrev. from L. contra against.]

Defn: Against the affirmative side; in opposition; on the negative
side; -- The antithesis of pro, and usually in connection with it.
See Pro.

CON
Con, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Conned; p. pr. & vb. n. Conning.] Etym: [AS.
cunnan to know, be able, and (derived from this) cunnian to try,
test. See Can, v. t. & i.]

1. To know; to understand; to acknowledge. [Obs.]
Of muses, Hobbinol, I con no skill. Spenser.
They say they con to heaven the highway. Spenser.

2. To study in order to know; to peruse; to learn; to commit to
memory; to regard studiously.
Fixedly did look Upon the muddy waters which he conned As if he had
been reading in a book. Wodsworth.
I did not come into Parliament to con my lesson. Burke.
To con answer, to be able to answer. [Obs.] -- To con thanks, to
thank; to acknowledge obligation. [Obs.] Shak.

CON
Con, v. t. Etym: [See Cond.] (Naut.)

Defn: To conduct, or superintend the steering of (a vessel); to watch
the course of (a vessel) and direct the helmsman how to steer.

CONACRE
Con*a"cre, v. t.

Defn: To underlet a proportion of, for a single crop; -- said of a
farm. [Ireland]

CONACRE
Con*a"cre, n.

Defn: A system of letting a proportion of a farm for a single crop.
[Ireland] Also used adjectively; as, the conacre system or principle.
Mozley & W.

CONARIUM
Co*na"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The pineal gland.

CONATION
Co*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. conatio.] (Philos.)

Defn: The power or act which directs or impels to effort of any kind,
whether muscular or psychical.
Of conation, in other words, of desire and will. J. S. Mill.

CONATIVE
Co"na*tive ( or ), a. Etym: [See Conatus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to conation.
This division of mind into the three great classes of the cognitive
faculties, the feelings, . . . and the exertive or conative powers, .
. . was first promulgated by Kant. Sir W. Hamilton.

CONATUS
Co*na"tus, n. Etym: [L., fr. conatus, p. p. of conari to attempt.]

Defn: A natural tendency inherent in a body to develop itself; an
attempt; an effort.
What conatus could give prickles to the porcupine or hedgehog, or to
the sheep its fleece Paley.

CONCAMERATE
Con*cam"er*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. concameratus, p. p. of concamerare to
arch over. See Camber.]

1. To arch over; to vault.
Of the upper beak an inch and a half consisteth of one concamerated
bone. Grew.

2. To divide into chambers or cells. Woodward.

CONCAMERATION
Con*cam`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. concameratio.]

1. An arch or vault.

2. A chamber of a multilocular shell. Glanvill.

CONCATENATE
Con*cat"e*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Concatenated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Concatenating.] Etym: [L. concatenatus, p. p. of concatenare to
concatenate. See Catenate.]

Defn: To link together; to unite in a series or chain, as things
depending on one another.
This all things friendly will concatenate. Dr. H. More

CONCATENATION
Con*cat`e*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. concatenatio.]

Defn: A series of links united; a series or order of things depending
on each other, as if linked together; a chain, a succession.
The stoics affirmed a fatal, unchangeable concatenation of causes,
reaching even to the illicit acts of man's will. South.
A concatenation of explosions. W. Irving.

CONCAUSE
Con*cause", n.

Defn: A joint cause. Fotherby.

CONCAVATION
Con`ca*va"tion, n.

Defn: The act of making concave.

CONCAVE
Con"cave ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [L. concavus; con- + cavus hollow: cf.
F. concave. See Cave a hollow.]

1. Hollow and curved or rounded; vaulted; -- said of the interior of
a curved surface or line, as of the curve of the of the inner surface
of an eggshell, in opposition to convex; as, a concave mirror; the
concave arch of the sky.

2. Hollow; void of contents. [R.]
As concave . . . as a worm-eaten nut. Shak.

CONCAVE
Con"cave, n. Etym: [L. concavum.]

1. A hollow; an arched vault; a cavity; a recess.
Up to the fiery concave towering hight. Milton.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A curved sheath or breasting for a revolving cylinder or roll.

CONCAVE
Con"cave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. concaved (; p. pr.& vb. n. Concaving.]

Defn: To make hollow or concave.

CONCAVED
Con"caved, a. (Her.)

Defn: Bowed in the form of an arch; -- called also arched.

CONCAVENESS
Con"cave*ness, n.

Defn: Hollowness; concavity.

CONCAVITY
Con*cav"i*ty, n.; pl. Concavities. Etym: [L. concavitas: cf. F.
concavité. See Concave.]

Defn: A concave surface, or the space bounded by it; the state of
being concave.

CONCAVO-CONCAVE
Con*ca`vo-con"cave, a.

Defn: Concave or hollow on both sides; double concave.

CONCAVO-CONVEX
Con*ca`vo-con"vex, a.

1. Concave on one side and convex on the other, as an eggshell or a
crescent.

2. (Optics)

Defn: Specifically, having such a combination of concave and convex
sides as makes the focal axis the shortest line between them. See
Illust. under Lens.

CONCAVOUS
Con*ca*"vous, a. Etym: [L. concavus.]

Defn: Concave. Abp. potter.
 -- Con*ca"vous*ly, adv.

CONCEAL
Con*ceal", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Concealed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Concealing.] Etym: [OF. conceler, L. concelare; con- + celareto hide;
akin to AS. helan, G. hehlen, E. hele (to cover), helmet. See Hell,
Helmet.]

Defn: To hide or withdraw from observation; to cover; to cover or
keep from sight; to prevent the discovery of; to withhold knowledge
of.
It is the glory of God to conceal a thing. Prov. xxv. 2.
Declare ye among the nations, . . . publish and conceal not. Jer. 1.
2.
He which finds him shall deserve our thanks, . . . He that conceals
him, death. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To hide; secrete; screen; cover; disguise; dissemble; mask; veil;
cloak; screen.
 -- To Conceal, Hide, Disguise, Dissemble, Secrete. To hide is the
generic term, which embraces all the rest. To conceal is simply not
make known what we wish to keep secret. In the Bible hide often has
the specific meaning of conceal. See 1 Sam. iii. 17, 18. To disguise
or dissemble is to conceal by assuming some false appearance. To
secrete is to hide in some place of secrecy. A man may conceal facts,
disguise his sentiments, dissemble his feelings, secrete stolen
goods.
Bur double griefs afflict concealing hearts. Spenser.
Both dissemble deeply their affections. Shak.
We have in these words a primary sense, which reveals a future state,
and a secondary sense, which hides and secretes it. Warburton.

CONCEALABLE
Con*ceal"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being concealed.

CONCEALED
Con*cealed", a.

Defn: Hidden; kept from sight; secreted.
 -- Con*ceal"ed*ly (, adv.
 -- Con*ceal"ed*ness, n. Concealed weapons (Law), dangerous weapons
so carried on the person as to be knowingly or willfully concealed
from sight, -- a practice forbidden by statute.

CONCEALER
Con*ceal"er, n.

Defn: One who conceals.

CONCEALMENT
Con*ceal"ment, n. Etym: [OF. concelement.]

1. The act of concealing; the state of being concealed.
But let concealment, like a worm i' the bud, Feed on her damask
cheek. Shak.
Some dear cause Will in concealment wrap me up awhile. Shak.

2. A place of hiding; a secret place; a retreat frem observation.
The cleft tree Offers its kind concealment to a few. Thomson.

3. A secret; out of the way knowledge. [Obs.]
Well read in strange concealments. Shak.

4. (Law)

Defn: Suppression of such facts and circumstances as in justice ought
to be made known. Wharton.

CONCEDE
Con*cede", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Conceded; p. pr. & vb. n. Conceding.]
Etym: [L. concedere, concessum; con- + cedere to go along, give way,
yield: cf. F. concéder. See Cede.]

1. To yield or suffer; to surrender; to grant; as. to concede the
point in question. Boyle.

2. To grant, as a right or privilege; to make concession of.

3. To admit to be true; to acknowledge.
We concede that their citizens were those who lived under different
forms. Burke.

Syn.
 -- To grant; allow; admit; yield; surrender.

CONCEDE
Con*cede", v. i.

Defn: To yield or make concession.
I wished you to concede to America, at a time when she prayed
concession at our feet. Burke.

CONCEIT
Con*ceit", n. Etym: [Through French, fr. L. conceptus a conceiving,
conception, fr. concipere to conceive: cf. OF. p. p. nom. conciez
conceived. See Conceive, and cf. Concept, Deceit.]

1. That which is conceived, imagined, or formed in the mind; idea;
thought; image; conception.
In laughing, there ever procedeth a conceit of somewhat ridiculous.
Bacon.
A man wise in his own conceit. Prov. xxvi. 12.

2. Faculty of conceiving ideas; mental faculty; apprehension; as, a
man of quick conceit. [Obs.]
How often, alas! did her eyes say unto me that they loved! and yet I,
not looking for such a matter, had not my conceit open to understand
them. Sir P. Sidney.

3. Quickness of apprehension; active imagination; lively fancy.
His wit's as thick as Tewksbury mustard; there's more conceit in him
than is in a mallet. Shak.

4. A fanciful, odd, or extravagant notion; a quant fancy; an
unnatural or affected conception; a witty thought or turn of
expression; a fanciful device; a whim; a quip.
On his way to the gibbet, a freak took him in the head to go off with
a conceit. L'Estrange.
Some to conceit alone their works confine, And glittering thoughts
struck out at every line. Pope.
Tasso is full of conceits . . . which are not only below the dignity
of heroic verse but contrary to its nature. Dryden.

5. An overweening idea of one's self; vanity.
Plumed with conceit he calls aloud. Cotton.

6. Design; pattern. [Obs.] Shak. In conceit with, in accord with;
agreeing or conforming.
 -- Out of conceit with, not having a favorable opinion of; not
pleased with; as, a man is out of conceit with his dress.
 -- To put [one] out conceit with, to make one indifferent to a
thing, or in a degree displeased with it.

CONCEIT
Con*ceit", v. t.

Defn: To conceive; to imagine. [Archaic]
The strong, by conceiting themselves weak, are therebly rendered as
inactive . . . as if they really were so. South.
One of two bad ways you must conceit me, Either a coward or a
flatterer. Shak.

CONCEIT
Con*ceit", v. i.

Defn: To form an idea; to think. [Obs.]
Those whose . . . vulgar apprehensions conceit but low of matrimonial
purposes. Milton.

CONCEITED
Con*ceit"ed, a.

1. Endowed with fancy or imagination. [Obs.]
He was . . . pleasantly conceited, and sharp of wit. Knolles.

2. Entertaining a flattering opinion of one's self; vain.
If you think me too conceited Or to passion quickly heated. Swift.
Conceited of their own wit, science, and politeness. Bentley.

3. Curiously contrived or designed; fanciful. [Obs.]
A conceited chair to sleep in. Evelyn.

Syn.
 -- Vain; proud; opinionated; egotistical.

CONCEITEDLY
Con*ceit"ed*ly, adv.

1. In an egotistical manner.

2. Fancifully; whimsically.

CONCEITEDNESS
Con*ceit"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being conceited; conceit; vanity. Addison.

CONCEITLESS
Con*ceit"less, a.

Defn: Without wit; stupid. [Obs.]
Think'st thou I am so shallow, so conceitless. To be seduced by thy
flattery Shak.

CONCEIVABLE
Con*ceiv"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. concevable.]

Defn: Capable of being conceived, imagined, or understood. "Any
conceivable weight." Bp. Wilkins.
It is not conceivable that it should be indeed that very person whose
shape and voice it assumed. Atterbury.
-- Con*ceiv"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Con*ceiv"a*bly, adv.

CONCEIVE
Con*ceive", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Conceived; p. pr. & vb. n.
Conceiving.] Etym: [OF. conzoivre, concever, conceveir, F. concevoir,
fr. L. oncipere to take, to conceive; con- + capere to seize or take.
See Capable, and cf. Conception.]

1. To receive into the womb and begin to breed; to begin the
formation of the embryo of.
She hath also conceived a son in her old age. Luke i. 36.

2. To form in the mind; to plan; to devise; to generate; to
originate; as, to conceive a purpose, plan, hope.
It was among the ruins of the Capitol that I first conceived the idea
of a work which has amused and exercised near twenty years of my
life. Gibbon.
Conceiving and uttering from the heart words of falsehood. Is. lix.
13.

3. To apprehend by reason or imagination; to take into the mind; to
know; to imagine; to comprehend; to understand. "I conceive you."
Hawthorne.
O horror, horror, horror! Tongue nor heart Cannot conceive nor name
thee! Shak.
You will hardly conceive him to have been bred in the same climate.
Swift.

Syn.
 -- To apprehend; imagine; suppose; understand; comprehend; believe;
think.

CONCEIVE
Con*ceive", v. i.

1. To have an embryo or fetus formed in the womb; to breed; to become
pregnant.
A virgin shall conceive, and bear a son. Isa. vii. 14.

2. To have a conception, idea, or opinion; think; -- with of.
Conceive of things clearly and distinctly in their own natures. I.
Watts.

CONCEIVER
Con*ceiv"er, n.

Defn: One who conceives.

CONCELEBRATE
Con*cel"e*brate, v. t. Etym: [L. concelebratus, p. p. of concelebrare
to concelebrate.]

Defn: To celebrate together. [Obs.] Holland.

CONCENT
Con*cent", n. Etym: [L. concentus, fr. concinere to sing together;
con- + canere to sing.]

1. Concert of voices; concord of sounds; harmony; as, a concent of
notes. [Archaic.] Bacon.
That undisturbed song of pure concent. Milton.

2. Consistency; accordance. [Obs.]
In concent to his own principles. Atterbury.

CONCENTER; CONCENTRE
Con*cen"ter, Con*cen"tre, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Concentered or
Concentred (; p. pr & vb. n. Concentering or Concentring (.] Etym:
[F. concentrer, fr. L. con- + centrum center. See Center, and cf.
Concentrate]

Defn: To come to one point; to meet in, or converge toward, a common
center; to have a common center.
God, in whom all perfections concenter. Bp. Beveridge.

CONCENTER; CONCENTRE
Con*cen"ter, Con*cen"tre, v. t.

Defn: To draw or direct to a common center; to bring together at a
focus or point, as two or more lines; to concentrate.
In thee concentering all their precious beams. Milton.
All is concentered in a life intense. Byren.

CONCENTRATE
Con*cen"trate ( or ), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Concentrated; p. pr. & vb.
n. Concentrating.] Etym: [Pref. con- + L. centrum center. Cf.
Concenter.]

1. To bring to, or direct toward, a common center; to unite more
closely; to gather into one body, mass, or force; to fix; as, to
concentrate rays of light into a focus; to concentrate the attention.
(He) concentrated whole force at his own camp. Motley.

2. To increase the strength and diminish the bulk of, as of a liquid
or an ore; to intensify, by getting rid of useless material; to
condense; as, to concentrate acid by evaporation; to concentrate by
washing; -- opposed to Ant: dilute.
Spirit of vinegar concentrated and reduced to its greatest strength.
Arbuthnot.

Syn.
 -- To combine; to condense; to consolidate.

CONCENTRATE
Con*cen"trate ( or ), v. i.

Defn: To approach or meet in a common center; to consolidate; as,
population tends to concentrate in cities.

CONCENTRATION
Con`cen*tra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. concentration.]

1. The act or process of concentrating; the process of becoming
concentrated, or the state of being concentrated; concentration.
Concentration of the lunar beams. Boyle.
Intense concetration of thought. Sir J. Herschel.

2. The act or process of reducing the volume of a liquid, as by
evaporation.
The acid acquires a higher degree of concentration. Knight.

3. (Metal.)

Defn: The act or process of removing the dress of ore and of reducing
the valuable part to smaller compass, as by currents of air or water.

CONCENTRATIVE
Con*cen"tra*tive, a.

Defn: Serving or tending to concentrate; characterized by
concentration.
A discrimination is only possible by a concentrative act, or act of
attention. Sir W. Hamilton.

CONCENTRATIVENESS
Con*cen"tra*tive*ness, n.

1. The quality of concentrating.

2. (Phren.)

Defn: The faculty or propensity which has to do with concentrating
the intellectual the intellectual powers. Combe.

CONCENTRATOR
Con"cen*tra`tor, n. (Mining)

Defn: An apparatus for the separation of dry comminuted ore, by
exposing it to intermittent puffs of air. Knight.

CONCENTRIC; CONCENTRICAL
Con*cen"tric, Con*cen"tric*al, a. Etym: [F. concentrique. See
Concenter.]

Defn: Having a common center, as circles of different size, one
within another.
Concentric circles upon the surface of the water. Sir I. Newton.
Concentrical rings like those of an onion. Arbuthnot.

CONCENTRIC
Con*cen"tric, n.

Defn: That which has a common center with something else.
Its pecular relations to its concentrics. Coleridge.

CONCENTRICALLY
Con*cen"tric*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a concentric manner.

CONCENTRICITY
Con`cen*tric"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being concentric.

CONCENTUAL
Con*cen"tu*al, a. [From Concent.]

Defn: Possesing harmony; accordant. [R.] Warton.

CONCEPT
Con"cept, n. Etym: [L. conceptus (cf. neut. conceptum fetus), p. p.
of concipere to conceive: cf. F. concept. See Conceit.]

Defn: An abstract general conception; a notion; a universal.
The words conception, concept, notion, should be limited to the
thought of what can not be represented in the imagination; as, the
thought suggested by a general term. Sir W. Hamilton.

CONCEPTACLE
Con*cep"ta*cle, n. Etym: [L. conceptaculum, fr. concipere to receive.
See Conceive.]

1. That in which anything is contained; a vessel; a receiver or
receptacle. [Obs.] Woodward.

2. (Bot.)
(a) A pericarp, opening longitudinally on one side and having the
seeds loose in it; a follicle; a double follicle or pair of
follicles.
(b) One of the cases containing the spores, etc., of flowerless
plants, especially of algae.

CONCEPTIBILITY
Con*cep`ti*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being conceivable; conceivableness. Cudworth.

CONCEPTIBLE
Con*cep"ti*ble, a. Etym: [See Conceive.]

Defn: Capable of being conceived; conceivable. Sir M. Hale.

CONCEPTION
Con*cep"tion, n. Etym: [F. conception, L. conceptio, fr. concipere to
conceive. See Conceive.]

1. The act of conceiving in the womb; the initiation of an embryonic
animal life.
I will greaty multiply thy sorrow and thy conception. Gen. iii. 16.

2. The state of being conceived; beginning.
Joy had the like conception in our eyes. Shak.

3. The power or faculty of apprehending of forming an idea in the
mind; the power of recalling a past sensation or perception.
Under the article of conception, I shall confine myself to that
faculty whose province it is to enable us to form a notion of our
past sensations, or of the objects of sense that we have formerly
perceived. Stewart.

4. The formation in the mind of an image, idea, or notion,
apprehension.
Conception consists in a conscious act of the understanding, bringing
any given object or impression into the same class with any number of
other objects or impression, by means of some character or characters
common to them all. Coleridge.

5. The image, idea, or notion of any action or thing which is formed
in the mind; a concept; a notion; a universal; the product of a
rational belief or judgment. See Concept.
He [Herodotus] says that the sun draws or attracts the water; a
metaphorical term obviously intended to denote some more general and
abstract conception than that of the visible operation which the word
primarily signifies. Whewell.

6. Idea; purpose; design.
Note this dangerous conception. Shak.

7. Conceit; affected sentiment or thought. [Obs.]
He . . . is full of conceptions, points of epigram, and witticism.
Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Idea; notion; perception; apprehemsion; comprehension.

CONCEPTIONAL
Con*cep"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to conception.

CONCEPTIONALIST
Con*cep"tion*al*ist, n.

Defn: A conceptualist.

CONCEPTIOUS
Con*cep"tious, a.

Defn: Apt to conceive; fruitful. [Obs.] Shak.

CONCEPTIVE
Con*cep"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. conceptif, L. conceptivus.]

Defn: Capable of conceiving. Sir T. Browne

CONCEPTUAL
Con*cep"tu*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to conception.

CONCEPTUALISM
Con*cep"tu*al*ism, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: A theory, intermediate between realism and nominalism, that the
mind has the power of forming for itself general conceptions of
individual or single objects. Stewart.

CONCEPTUALIST
Con*cep"tu*al*ist, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: One who maintains the theory of conceptualism. Stewart.

CONCERN
Con*cern", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Concerned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Concerning.] Etym: [F. concerner, LL. concernere to regard, concern,
fr. L. concernere to mix or mingle together, as in a sieve for
separating; con- + cernere to separate, sift, distinguish by the
senses, and especially by the eyes, to perceive, see. See Certain.]

1. To relate or belong to; to have reference to or connection with;
to affect the interest of; to be of importance to.
Preaching the kingdom of God, and teaching those things which concern
the Lord Jesus Christ. Acts xxviii. 31.
Our wars with France have affected us in our most tender interests,
and concerned us more than those with any other nation. Addison.
It much concerns a preacher first to learn The genius of his audience
and their turn. Dodsley.
Ignorant, so far as the usual instruction is concerned. J. F. Cooper.

2. To engage by feeling or sentiment; to interest; as, a good prince
concerns himself in the happiness of his subjects.
They think themselves out the reach of Providence, and no longer
concerned to solicit his favor. Rogers.

CONCERN
Con*cern", v. i.

Defn: To be of importance. [Obs.]
Which to deny concerns more than avails. Shak.

CONCERN
Con*cern", n.

1. That which relates or belongs to one; business; affair.
The private concerns of fanilies. Addison.

2. That which affects the welfare or happiness; interest; moment.
Mysterious secrets of a high concern. Roscommon.

3. Interest in, or care for, any person or thing; regard; solicitude;
anxiety.
O Marcia, let me hope thy kind concerns And gentle wishes follow me
to battle.--Addison.

4. (Com.)

Defn: Persons connected in business; a firm and its business; as, a
banking concern. The whole concern, all connected with a particular
affair or business.

Syn.
 -- Care; anxiety; solicitude; interest; regard; business; affair;
matter; moment. See Care.

CONCERNED
Con*cerned", a. Etym: [See Concern, v. t., 2.]

Defn: Disturbed; troubled; solicitous; as, to be much concerned for
the safety of a friend.

CONCERNEDLY
Con*cern"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a concerned manner; solicitously; sympathetically.

CONCERNING
Con*cern"ing, prep.

Defn: Pertaining to; regarding; having relation to; respecting; as
regards.
I have accepted thee concerning this thing. Gen. xix. 21.
The Lord hath spoken good concerning Israel. Num. x. 29.

CONCERNING
Con*cern"ing, a.

Defn: Important. [Archaic]
So great and so concerning truth. South.

CONCERNING
Con*cern"ing, n.

1. That in which one is concerned or interested; concern; affair;
interest. "Our everlasting concernments." I. Watts.
To mix with thy concernments I desist. Milton.

2. Importance; moment; consequence.
Let every action of concernment to begun with prayer. Jer. Taylor.

3. Concern; participation; interposition.
He married a daughter to the earl without any other approbation of
her father or concernment in it, than suffering him and her come into
his presence. Clarendon.

4. Emotion of mind; solicitude; anxiety.
While they are so eager to destory the fame of others, their ambition
is manifest in their concernment. Dryden.

CONCERT
Con*cert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Concerted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Concerting.] Etym: [F. concerter, It. concertare, conertare, prob.
from L. consertus, p. p. of conserere to join together; con- + serere
to join together, influenced by concertare to contend; con- + centare
to strive; properly, to try to decide; fr. cernere to distinguish.
See Series, and cf. Concern.]

1. To plan together; to settle or adjust by conference, agreement, or
consultation.
It was concerted to begin the siege in March. Bp. Burnet.

2. To plan; to devise; to arrange.
A commander had more trouble to concert his defense before the people
than to plan . . . the compaign. Burke.

CONCERT
Con*cert", v. i.

Defn: To act in harmony or conjunction; to form combined plans.
The ministers of Denmark were appointed to concert with Talbot. Bp.
Burnet

CONCERT
Con"cert, n. Etym: [F. concert, It. concerto, conserto, fr.
concertare. See Concert, v. t.]

1. Agreement in a design or plan; union formed by mutual
communication of opions and viewa; accordance in a scheme; harmony;
simultaneous action.
All these discontens, how ruinous soever, have arisen from the want
of a due communication and concert. Swift.

2. Musical accordance or harmony; concord.
Let us in concert to the season sing. Cowper.

3. A musical entertainment in which several voices or instruments
take part.
Visit by night your lady's chamber window With some sweet concert.
Shak.
And boding screech owls make the concert full. Shak.
Concert pitch. See under Pitch.

CONCERTANTE
Con`cer*tan"te (; It. ), n. Etym: [It., orig p. pr. of concertare to
form or perform a concert. See Concert.] (Mus.)

Defn: A concert for two or more principal instruments, with
orchestral accompaniment. Also adjectively; as, concertante parts.

CONCERTATION
Con`cer*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. concertatio.]

Defn: Strife; contention. [Obs.] Bailey.

CONCERTATIVE
Con*cer"ta*tive, a. Etym: [L. concertativus.]

Defn: Contentious; quarrelsome. [Obs.] Bailey.

CONCERTED
Con*cert"ed, a.

Defn: Mutually contrived or planned; agreed on; as, concerted
schemes, signals. Concerted piece (Mus.), a composition in parts for
several voices or instrument, as a trio, a quartet, etc.

CONCERTINA
Con`cer*ti"na, n. Etym: [From It. concerto a concert.]

Defn: A small musical imstrument on the principle of the accordion.
It is a small elastic box, or bellows, having free reeds on the
inside, and keys and handles on the outside of each of the two
hexagonal heads.

CONCERTINO
Con`cer*ti"no, n. Etym: [See Concertina.] (Mus.)

Defn: A piece for one or more solo instruments with orchestra; --
more concise than the concerto.

CONCERTION
Con*cer"tion, n.

Defn: Act of concerting; adjustment. [R.] Young.

CONCERTMEISTER
Con*cert`meis"ter, n. Etym: [G.] (Mus.)

Defn: The head violinist or leader of the strings in an orchestra;
the sub-leader of the orchestra; concert master.

CONCERTO
Con*cer"to (; It. ), n.; pl. Concertos. Etym: [It. See Concert, n.]
(Mus.)

Defn: A composition (usually in symphonic form with three movements)
in which one instrument (or two or three) stands out in bold relief
against the orchestra, or accompaniment, so as to display its
qualities or the performer's skill.

CONCERT OF EUROPE; EUROPEAN CONCERT
Concert of Europe, or European concert.

Defn: An agreement or understanding between the chief European powers
to take only joint action in the (European) Eastern Question.

CONCERT OF THE POWERS
Concert of the powers.

Defn: An agreement or understanding between the chief European
powers, the United States, and Japan in 1900 to take only joint
action in the Chinese aspect of the Eastern Question.

CONCESSION
Con*ces"sion, n. Etym: [L. concessio, fr. concedere: cf. F.
concession. See Concede.]

1. The act of conceding or yielding; usually implying a demand,
claim, or request, and thus distinguished from giving, which is
voluntary or spontaneous.
By mutual concession the business was adjusted. Hallam.

2. A thing yielded; an acknowledgment or admission; a boon; a grant;
esp. a grant by government of a privilege or right to do something;
as, a concession to build a canal.
This is therefore a concession , that he doth . . . believe the
Scriptures to be sufficiently plain. Sharp.
When a lover becomes satisfied by small compliances without further
pursuits, then expect to find popular assemblies content with small
concessions. Swift.

CONCESSIONAIRE; CONCESSIONNAIRE
Con*ces`sion*aire",  Con`ces`sion`naire", n. [F. concessionnaire.]

Defn: The beneficiary of a concession or grant.

CONCESSIONARY
Con*ces"sion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a concession. -- n.; pl. -ries.

Defn: A concessionaire.

CONCESSIONIST
Con*ces"sion*ist, n.

Defn: One who favors concession.

CONCESSIVE
Con*ces"sive, a. Etym: [L. concessivus.]

Defn: Implying concession; as, a concessive conjunction. Lowth.

CONCESSIVELY
Con*ces"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of concession.

CONCESSORY
Con*ces"so*ry, a.

Defn: Conceding; permissive.

CONCETTISM
Con*cet"tism, n.

Defn: The use of concetti or affected conceits. [R.] C. Kingsley.

CONCETTO
Con*cet"to (; It. ), n.; pl. Concetti. Etym: [It., fr. L. conceptus.
See Conceit.]

Defn: Affected wit; a conceit. Chesterfield.

CONCH
Conch, n. Etym: [L. concha, Gr. Coach, n.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name applied to various marine univalve shells; esp. to those
of the genus Strombus, which are of large size. S. gigas is the large
pink West Indian conch. The large king, queen, and cameo conchs are
of the genus Cassis. See Cameo.

Note: The conch is sometimes used as a horn or trumpet, as in fogs at
sea, or to call laborers from work.

2. In works of art, the shell used by Tritons as a trumpet.

3. One of the white natives of the Bahama Islands or one of their
descendants in the Florida Keys; -- so called from the commonness of
the conch there, or because they use it for food.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: See Concha, n.

5. The external ear. See Concha, n., 2.

CONCHA
Con"cha, n. Etym: [LL. (in sense 1), fr. concha. See Conch.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: The plain semidome of an apse; sometimes used for the entire
apse.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The external ear; esp. the largest and deepest concavity of the
external ear, surrounding the entrance to the auditory canal.

CONCHAL
Con"chal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the concha, or external ear; as, the conchal
cartilage.

CONCHIFER
Con"chi*fer, n. Etym: [Cf. F. conchofère.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Conchifera.

CONCHIFERA
Con*chif"e*ra, n, pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. concha + ferre to bear.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: That class of Mollusca which includes the bivalve shells; the
Lamellibranchiata. See Mollusca.

CONCHIFEROUS
Con*chif"er*ous, a.

Defn: Producing or having shells.

CONCHIFORM
Con"chi*form, a. Etym: [Conch + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like one half of a bivalve shell; shell-shaped.

CONCHININE
Con"chi*nine ( or ), n. Etym: [Formed by transposition fr.
cinchonine.]

Defn: See Quinidine.

CONCHITE
Con"chite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. conchite. See Conch.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil or petrified conch or shell.

CONCHITIC
Con*chit"ic, a.

Defn: Composed of shells; containing many shells.

CONCHOID
Con"choid, n. Etym: [Gr. conchoïde.] (Geom.)

Defn: A curve, of the fourth degree, first made use of by the Greek
geometer, Nicomedes, who invented it for the purpose of trisecting an
angle and duplicating the cube.

CONCHOIDAL
Con*choid"al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. conchoïdal.] (Min.)

Defn: Having elevations or depressions in form like one half of a
bivalve shell; -- applied principally to a surface produced by
fracture.

CONCHOLOGICAL
Con`cho*log"ic*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or connected with, conchology.

CONCHOLOGIST
Con*chol"o*gist, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One who studies, or is versed in, conchology.

CONCHOLOGY
Con*chol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Conch + -logy.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The science of Mollusca, and of the shells which they form;
malacology.

CONCHOMETER
Con*chom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Conch + -meter.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring shells, or the angle of their
spire.

CONCHOMETRY
Con*chom"e*try, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The art of measuring shells or their curves; conchyliometry.

CONCHO-SPIRAL
Con`cho-spi"ral, n.

Defn: A kind of spiral curve found in certain univalve shells.
Agassiz.

CONCHYLACEOUS; CONCHYLIACEOUS
Con`chy*la"ceous, Con*chyl`i*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. conchylium shell,
Gr. Conch.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to shells; resembling a shell; as,
conchyliaceous impressions. Kirwan.

CONCHYLIOLOGIST; CONCHYLIOLOGY
Con*chyl`i*ol"o*gist, n., Con*chyl`i*ol"o*gy, n.

Defn: See Conchologist, and Conchology.

CONCHYLIOMETRY
Con*chyl`i*om"e*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -metry.]

Defn: Same as Conchometry.

CONCHYLIOUS
Con*chyl"i*ous, a.

Defn: Conchylaceous.

CONCIATOR
Con"ci*a`tor, n. Etym: [It. conciatore, fr. conciare to adjust,
dress, fr. L. comtus, p. p. See Compt, a.] (Glass Works)

Defn: The person who weighs and proportions the materials to be made
into glass, and who works and tempers them.

CONCIERGE
Con`cierge", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: One who keeps the entrance to an edifice, public or private; a
doorkeeper; a janitor, male or female.

CONCIERGERIE
Con`cier`ge*rie", n. [F.]

1. The office or lodge of a concierge or janitor.

2.  A celebrated prison, attached to the Palais de Justice in Paris.

CONCILIABLE
Con*cil"i*a*ble, n. Etym: [L. conciliabulum, fr. concitium assembly:
cf. F. conciliabule. See Council.]

Defn: A small or private assembly, especially of an ecclesiastical
nature. [Obs.] Bacon.

CONCILIABLE
Con*cil"i*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. conciliable.]

Defn: Capable of being conciliated or reconciled. Milton.

CONCILIABULE
Con*cil"i*a*bule, n. Etym: [See Conciliable, n.]

Defn: An obscure ecclesiastical council; a conciliable. Milman.

CONCILIAR; CONCILIARY
Con*cil"i*ar, Con*cil"i*a*ry a. Etym: [Cf. F. conciliare.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or issued by, a council. Jer. Taylor.

CONCILIATE
Con*cil"i*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Conciliated; p. pr & vb. n.
Conciliating.] Etym: [L. conciliatus, p. p. of conciliare to draw or
bring together, unite, from concilium council. See Council.]

Defn: To win ower; to gain from a state of hostility; to gain the
good will or favor of; to make friendly; to mollify; to propitiate;
to appease.
The rapacity of his father's administration had excited such
universal discontent, that it was found expedient to conciliate the
nation. Hallam.

Syn.
 -- To reconcile; propitiate; appease; pacify.

CONCILIATION
Con*cil`i*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. conciliatio.]

Defn: The act or process of conciliating; the state of being
conciliated.
The house has gone further; it has declared conciliation admissible
previous to any submission on the part of America. Burke.

CONCILIATIVE
Con*cil"i*a*tive, a.

Defn: Conciliatory. Coleridge.

CONCILIATOR
Con*cil"i*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who conciliates.

CONCILIATORY
Con*cil"i*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to conciliate; pacific; mollifying; propitiating.
The only alternative, therefore, was to have recourse to the
conciliatory policy. Prescott.

CONCINNATE
Con*cin"nate, v. t. Etym: [L. concinnatus, p. p. of concinnare to
concinnate. See Concinnity.]

Defn: To place fitly together; to adapt; to clear. [Obs.] Holland.

CONCINNITY
Con*cin"ni*ty, n. Etym: [L. concinnitas, fr. concinnus skillfully put
together, beautiful. Of uncertain origin.]

Defn: Internal harmony or fitness; mutual adaptation of parts;
elegance; -- used chiefly of style of discourse. [R.]
An exact concinnity and eveness of fancy. Howell.

CONCINNOUS
Con*cin"nous, a. Etym: [L. concinnus.]

Defn: Characterized by concinnity; neat; elegant. [R.]
The most concinnous and most rotund of proffessors, M. Heyne. De
Quiency.

CONCIONATE
Con"cio*nate, v. i. Etym: [L. concionatus, p. p. of concionari to
adress.]

Defn: To preach. [Obs.] Lithgow.

CONCIONATOR
Con"cio*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. An haranguer of the people; a preacher.

2. (Old Law)

Defn: A common councilman. [Obs.]

CONCIONATORY
Con"cio*na`to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to preaching or public addresses. [Obs.]
Howell.

CONCISE
Con*cise", a. Etym: [L. concisus cut off, short, p. p. of concidere
to cut to pieces; con- + caedere to cut; perh. akin to scindere to
cleave, and to E. shed, v.t.; cf. F. concis.]

Defn: Expressing much in a few words; condensed; brief and compacted;
-- used of style in writing or speaking.
The concise style, which expresseth not enough, but leaves somewhat
to be understood. B. Jonson.
Where the author is . . . too brief and concise, amplify a little. I.
Watts.

Syn.
 -- Laconic; terse; brief; short; compendious; summary; succinct. See
Laconic, and Terse.

CONCISELY
Con*cise"ly, adv.

Defn: In a concise manner; briefly.

CONCISENESS
Con*cise"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being concise.

CONCISION
Con*ci"sion, n. Etym: [L. concisio: cf. F. concision. See Concise.]

Defn: A cutting off; a division; a schism; a faction. South.

CONCITATION
Con`ci*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. concitatio. See Concite.]

Defn: The act of stirring up, exciting, or agitating. [Obs.] "The
concitation of humors." Sir T. Browne.

CONCITE
Con*cite", v. t. Etym: [L. concitare; con- + citare. See Cite.]

Defn: To excite or stir up. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

CONCLAMATION
Con`cla*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. conclamatio.]

Defn: An outcry or shout of many together. [R.]
Before his funeral conclamation. May (Lucan).

CONCLAVE
Con"clave ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [F., fr. L. conclave a room that may
locked up; con- + clavis key. See Clavicle.]

1. The set of apartments within which the cardinals of the Roman
Catholic Church are continuously secluded while engaged in choosing a
pope.

2. The body of cardinals shut up in the conclave for the election of
a pope; hence, the body of cardinals.
It was said a cardinal, by reason of his apparent likelihood to step
into St. Peter's chair, that in two conclaves he went in pope and
came out again cardinal. South.

3. A private meeting; a close or secret assembly.
The verdicts pronounced by this conclave (Johnson's Club) on new
books, were speedily known over all London. Macaulay.
To be in conclave, to be engaged in a secret meeting; -- said of
several, or a considerable number of, persons.

CONCLAVIST
Con"cla`vist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. conclaviste, It. conclavista.]

Defn: One of the two ecclesiastics allowed to attend a cardinal in
the conclave.

CONCLUDE
Con*clude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Concluded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Concluding.] Etym: [L. concludere, conclusum; con- + claudere to
shut. See Close, v. t.]

1. To shut up; to inclose. [Obs.]
The very person of Christ [was] concluded within the grave. Hooker.

2. To include; to comprehend; to shut up together; to embrace. [Obs.]
For God hath concluded all in unbelief. Rom. xi. 32.
The Scripture hath concluded all under sin. Gal. iii. 22.

3. To reach as an end of reasoning; to infer, as from premises; to
close, as an argument, by inferring; -- sometimes followed by a
dependent clause.
No man can conclude God's love or hatred to any person by anything
that befalls him. Tillotson.
Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith. Rom. iii. 28.

4. To make a final determination or judgment concerning; to judge; to
decide.
But no frail man, however great or high, Can be concluded blest
before he die. Addison.
Is it concluded he shall be protector Shak.

5. To bring to an end; to close; to finish.
I will conclude this part with the speech of a counselor of state.
Bacon.

6. To bring about as a result; to effect; to make; as, to conclude a
bargain. "If we conclude a peace." Shak.

7. To shut off; to restrain; to limit; to estop; to bar; -- generally
in the passive; as, the defendant is concluded by his own plea; a
judgment concludes the introduction of further evidence argument.
If therefore they will appeal to revelation for their creation they
must be concluded by it. Sir M. Hale.

Syn.
 -- To infer; decide; determine; settle; close; finish; terminate;
end.

CONCLUDE
Con*clude", v. i.

1. To come to a termination; to make an end; to close; to end; to
terminate.
A train of lies, That, made in lust, conclude in perjuries. Dryden.
And, to conclude, The victory fell on us. Shak.

2. To form a final judgment; to reach a decision.
Can we conclude upon Luther's instability Bp. Atterbury.
Conclude and be agreed. Shak.

CONCLUDENCY
Con*clud"en*cy, n.

Defn: Deduction from premises; inference; conclusion. [Obs.] Sir M.
Hale.

CONCLUDENT
Con*clud"ent, a. Etym: [L. concludens, p. pr.]

Defn: Bringing to a close; decisive; conclusive. [Obs.]
Arguments highly consequential and concludent to my purpose. Sir M.
Hale.

CONCLUDER
Con*clud"er, n.

Defn: One who concludes.

CONCLUDINGLY
Con*clud"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Conclusively. [R.] Digby.

CONCLUSIBLE
Con*clu"si*ble, a.

Defn: Demonstrable; determinable. [Obs.] Hammond.

CONCLUSION
Con*clu"sion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. conclusio. See Conclude.]

1. The last part of anything; close; termination; end.
A fluorish of trumpets announced the conclusion of the contest.
Prescott.

2. Final decision; determination; result.
And the conclusion is, she shall be thine. Shak.

3. Any inference or result of reasoning.

4. (Logic)

Defn: The inferred proposition of a syllogism; the necessary
consequence of the conditions asserted in two related propositions
called premises. See Syllogism.
He granted him both the major and minor, but denied him the
conclusion. Addison.

5. Drawing of inferences. [Poetic]
Your wife Octavia, with her modest eyes And still conclusion. Shak.

6. An experiment, or something from which a conclusion may be drawn.
[Obs.]
We practice likewise all conclusions of grafting and inoculating.
Bacon.

7. (Law)
(a) The end or close of a pleading, e.g., the formal ending of an
indictment, "against the peace," etc.
(b) An estoppel or bar by which a person is held to a particular
position. Wharton. Conclusion to the country (Law), the conclusion of
a pleading by which a party "puts himself upon the country," i.e.,
appeals to the verdict of a jury. Mozley & W.
 -- In conclusion. (a) Finally. (b) In short.
 -- To try conclusions, to make a trial or an experiment.
Like the famous ape, To try conclusions, in the basket creep. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Inference; deduction; result; consequence; end; decision. See
Inference.

CONCLUSIVE
Con*clu"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. conclusif.]

Defn: Belonging to a close or termination; decisive; convincing;
putting an end to debate or question; leading to, or involving, a
conclusion or decision.
Secret reasons . . . equally conclusive for us as they were for them.
Rogers.
Conclusive evidence (Law), that of which, from its nature, the law
allows no contradiction or explanation.
 -- Conclusive presumption (Law), an inference which the law makes so
peremptorily that it will not allow it to be overthrown by any
contrary proof, however strong.

Syn.
 -- Final; ultimate; unanswerable. See Final.

CONCLUSIVELY
Con*clu"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In the way of conclusion; decisively; positively. Burke.

CONCLUSIVENESS
Con*clu"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being conclusive; decisiveness.

CONCLUSORY
Con*clu"so*ry, a.

Defn: Conclusive. [R.]

CONCOCT
Con*coct", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Concocted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Concocting.] Etym: [L. concoctus, p. p. of concoquere to cook
together, to digest, mature; con- + coquere to cook. See Cook.]

1. To digest; to convert into nourishment by the organs of nutrition.
[Obs.]
Food is concocted, the heart beats, the blood circulates. Cheyne.

2. To purify or refine chemically. [Obs.] Thomson.

3. To prepare from crude materials, as food; to invent or prepare by
combining different ingredients; as, to concoct a new dish or
beverage.

4. To digest in the mind; to devise; to make up; to contrive; to
plan; to plot.
He was a man of a feeble stomach, unable to concoct any great
fortune. Hayward.

5. To mature or perfect; to ripen. [Obs.] Bacon.

CONCOCTER
Con*coct"er, n.

Defn: One who concocts.

CONCOCTION
Con*coc"tion, n. Etym: [L. concoctio.]

1. A change in food produced by the organs of nutrition; digestion.
[Obs.]

2. The act of concocting or preparing by combining different
ingredients; also, the food or compound thus prepared.

3. The act of digesting in the mind; planning or devising;
rumination. Donne.

4. (Med.)

Defn: Abatement of a morbid process, as a fever and return to a
normal condition. [Obs.]

5. The act of perfecting or maturing. [Obs.] Bacon.

CONCOCTIVE
Con*coct"ive, a.

Defn: Having the power of digesting or ripening; digestive.
Hence the concoctive powers, with various art, Subdue the cruder
aliments to chyle. J. Armstrong.

CONCOLOR
Con"col`or, a. Etym: [L. concolor; con- + color color.]

Defn: Of the same color; of uniform color. [R.] "Concolor animals."
Sir T. Browne.

CONCOLOROUS
Con"col`or*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of the same color throughout.

CONCOMITANCE; CONCOMITANCY
Con*com"i*tance, Con*com"i*tan*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. concomitance, fr.
LL. concomitantia.]

1. The state of accompanying; accompaniment.
The secondary action subsisteth not alone, but in concomitancy with
the other. Sir T. Browne.

2. (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: The doctrine of the existence of the entire body of Christ in
the eucharist, under each element, so that the body and blood are
both received by comunication in one kind only.

CONCOMITANT
Con*com"i*tant, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. con- + comitari to accompany,
comes companion. See Count a nobleman.]

Defn: Accompanying; conjoined; attending.
It has pleased our wise Creator to annex to several objects, as also
to several of our thoughts, a concomitant pleasure. Locke.

CONCOMITANT
Con*com"i*tant, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, accompanies, or is collaterally
connected with another; a companion; an associate; an accompaniment.
Reproach is a concomitant to greatness. Addison.
The other concomitant of ingratitude is hardheartedness. South.

CONCOMITANTLY
Con*com"i*tant*ly, adv.

Defn: In company with others; unitedly; concurrently. Bp. pearson.

CONCORD
Con"cord, n. Etym: [F. concorde, L. concordia, fr. concors of the
same mind, agreeing; con- + cor, cordis, heart. See Heart, and cf.
Accord.]

1. A state of agreement; harmony; union.
Love quarrels oft in pleasing concord end. Milton.

2. Agreement by stipulation; compact; covenant; treaty or league.
[Obs.]
The concord made between Henry and Roderick. Davies.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: Agreement of words with one another, in gender, number, person,
or case.

4. (Old Law)

Defn: An agreement between the parties to a fine of land in reference
to the manner in which it should pass, being an acknowledgment that
the land in question belonged to the complainant. See Fine. Burril.

5. Etym: [Prob. influenced by chord.] (Mus.)

Defn: An agreeable combination of tones simultaneously heard; a
consonant chord; consonance; harmony.

CONCORD
Con"cord, n.

Defn: A variety of American grape, with large dark blue (almost
black) grapes in compact clusters.

CONCORD
Con*cord", v. i. Etym: [F. concorder, L. concordare.]

Defn: To agree; to act together. [Obs.] Clarendon.

CONCORDABLE
Con*cord"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. concordabilis.]

Defn: Capable of according; agreeing; harmonious.

CONCORDANCE
Con*cord"ance, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. concordantia.]

1. Agreement; accordance.
Contrasts, and yet concordances. Carlyle.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Concord; agreement. [Obs.] Aschlam.

3. An alphabetical verbal index showing the places in the text of a
book where each principal word may be found, with its immediate
context in each place.
His knowledge of the Bible was such, that he might have been called a
living concordance. Macaulay.

4. A topical index or orderly analysis of the contents of a book.

CONCORDANCY
Con*cord"an*cy, n.

Defn: Agreement. W. Montagu.

CONCORDANT
Con*cord"ant, a. Etym: [L. concordans, p. pr. of concordare: cf. F.
concordant. See Concord.]

Defn: Agreeing; correspondent; harmonious; consonant.
Were every one employed in points concordant to their natures,
professions, and arts, commonwealths would rise up of themselves. Sir
T. Browne

CONCORDANTLY
Con*cord"ant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a concordant manner.

CONCORDAT
Con*cor"dat, n. Etym: [F. concordat, L. concordato, prop. p. p. of
concordare. See Concord.]

1. A compact, covenant, or agreement concerning anything.

2. An agreement made between the pope and a sovereign or government
for the regulation of ecclesiastical matters with which both are
concerned; as, the concordat between Pope Pius VIL and Bonaparte in
1801. Hook.

CONCORD BUGGY
Con"cord bug"gy (kon"kerd). [From Concord, New Hampshire, where first
made.]

Defn: A kind of buggy having a body with low sides, and side springs.

CONCORDIST
Con*cord"ist, n.

Defn: The compiler of a concordance.

CONCORPORATE
Con*cor"po*rate, v. t. & i. Etym: [L. concorporatus, p. p. of
concorporare.]

Defn: To unite in one mass or body; to incorporate. [Archaic.] Jer.
Taylor.

CONCORPORATE
Con*cor"po*rate, a.

Defn: United in one body; incorporated. [Archaic] B. Jonson.

CONCORPORATION
Con*cor`po*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. concorporatio.]

Defn: Union of things in one mass or body. [R.] Dr. H. More.

CONCOURSE
Con"course, n. Etym: [F. concours, L. concursus, fr. concurrere to
run together. See Concur.]

1. A moving, flowing, or running together; confluence.
The good frame of the universe was not the product of chance or
fortuitous concourse of particles of matter. Sir M. Hale.

2. An assembly; a gathering formed by a voluntary or spontaneous
moving and meeting in one place.
Amidst the concourse were to be seen the noble ladies of Milan, in
gay, fantastic cars, shining in silk brocade. Prescott.

3. The place or point of meeting or junction of two bodies. [Obs.]
The drop will begin to move toward the concourse of the glasses. Sir
I. Newton.

4. An open space where several roads or paths meet; esp. an open
space in a park where several roads meet.

5. Concurrence; coöperation. [Obs.]
The divine providence is wont to afford its concourse to such
proceeding. Barrow.

CONCREATE
Con`cre*ate" ( or ), v. t.

Defn: To create at the same time.
If God did concreate grace with Adam. Jer. Taylor.

CONCREMATION
Con`cre*ma"tion ( or ), n. Etym: [L. concrematio, fr. concremare. See
Cremate.]

Defn: The act of burning different things together. [Obs.]

CONCREMENT
Con"cre*ment, n. Etym: [L. concrementum, fr. concrescere. See
Concrete.]

Defn: A growing together; the collection or mass formed by
concretion, or natural union. [Obs.]
The concrement of a pebble or flint. Sir M. Hale

CONCRESCENCE
Con*cres"cence, n. Etym: [L. concrescentia.]

Defn: Coalescence of particles; growth; increase by the addition of
particles. [R.] Sir W. Raleigh.

CONCRESCIBLE
Con*cres"ci*ble, a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Capable of being changed from a liquid to a solid state. [Obs.]
They formed a . . . fixed concrescible oil. Fourcroy (Trans. ).

CONCRESCIVE
Con*cres"cive, a.

Defn: Growing together, or into union; uniting. [R.] Eclec. Rev.

CONCRETE
Con"crete ( or ), a. Etym: [L. concretus, p. p. of concrescere to
grow together; con- + crescere to grow; cf. F. concret. See
Crescent.]

1. United in growth; hence, formed by coalition of separate particles
into one mass; united in a solid form.
The first concrete state, or consistent surface, of the chaos must be
of the same figure as the last liquid state. Bp. Burnet.

2. (Logic)
(a) Standing for an object as it exists in nature, invested with all
its qualities, as distingushed from standing for an attribute of an
object; -- opposed to abstract. Hence:
(b) Applied to a specific object; special; particular; -- opposed to
general. See Abstract, 3.
Concrete is opposed to a abstract. The names of individuals are
concrete, those of classes abstract. J. S. Mill.
Concrete terms, while they express the quality, do also express, or
imply, or refer to, some subject to which it belongs. I. Watts.
Concrete number, a number associated with, or applied to, a
particular object, as three men, five days, etc., as distinguished
from an abstract number, or one used without reference to a
particular object.
 -- Concrete quantity, a physical object or a collection of such
objects. Davies & Peck.
 -- Concrete science, a physical science, one having as its subject
of knowledge concrete things instead of abstract laws.
 -- Concrete sound or movement of the voice, one which slides
continuously up or down, as distinguished from a discrete movement,
in which the voice leaps at once from one line of pitch to another.
Rush.

CONCRETE
Con"crete, n.

1. A compound or mass formed by concretion, spontaneous union, or
coalescence of separate particles of matter in one body.
To divide all concretes, minerals and others, into the same number of
distinct substances. Boyle.

2. A mixture of gravel, pebbles, or broken stone with cement or with
tar, etc., used for sidewalks, roadways, foundations, etc., and esp.
for submarine structures.

3. (Logic)

Defn: A term designating both a quality and the subject in which it
exists; a concrete term.
The concretes "father" and "son" have, or might have, the abstracts
"paternity" and "filiety". J. S. Mill.

4. (Sugar Making)

Defn: Sugar boiled down from cane juice to a solid mass.

CONCRETE
Con*crete", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Concreted; p. pr & vb. n.
Concreting.]

Defn: To unite or coalesce, as separate particles, into a mass or
solid body.

Note: Applied to some substances, it is equivalent to indurate; as,
metallic matter concretes into a hard body; applied to others, it is
equivalent to congeal, thicken, inspissate, coagulate, as in the
concretion of blood. "The blood of some who died of the plague could
not be made to concrete." Arbuthnot.

CONCRETE
Con*crete", v. t.

1. To form into a mass, as by the cohesion or coalescence of separate
particles.
There are in our inferior world divers bodies that are concreted out
of others. Sir M. Hale.

2. To cover with, or form of, concrete, as a pavement.

CONCRETELY
Con*crete"ly, adv.

Defn: In a concrete manner.

CONCRETENESS
Con*crete"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being concrete.

CONCRETION
Con*cre"tion, n. Etym: [L. concretio.]

1. The process of concreting; the process of uniting or of becoming
united, as particles of matter into a mass; solidification.

2. A mass or nodule of solid matter formed by growing together, by
congelation, condensation, coagulation, induration, etc.; a clot; a
lump; a calculus.
Accidental ossifications or deposits of phosphates of lime in certain
organs . . . are called osseous concretions. Dunglison.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: A rounded mass or nodule produced by an aggregation of the
material around a center; as, the calcareous concretions common in
beds of clay.

CONCRETIONAL
Con*cre"tion*al, a.

Defn: Concretionary.

CONCRETIONARY
Con*cre"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or formed by, concretion or aggregation;
producing or containing concretions.

CONCRETIVE
Con*cre"tive, a.

Defn: Promoting concretion. Sir T. Browne.

CONCRETIVELY
Con*cre"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a concrete manner.

CONCRETURE
Con*cre"ture, n.

Defn: A mass formed by concretion. [Obs.] Johnson.

CONCREW
Con*crew", v. i. Etym: [See Concrete, a., and Accrue.]

Defn: To grow together. [Obs.] Spenser.

CONCRIMINATION
Con*crim`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: A joint accusation.

CONCUBINACY
Con*cu"bi*na*cy, n.

Defn: The practice of concubinage. [Obs.] Strype.

CONCUBINAGE
Con*cu"bi*nage, n.

1. The cohabiting of a man and a woman who are not legally married;
the state of being a concubine.

Note: In some countries, concubinage is marriage of an inferior kind,
or performed with less solemnity than a true or formal marriage; or
marriage with a woman of inferior condition, to whom the husband does
not convey his rank or quality. Under Roman law, it was the living of
a man and woman in sexual relations without marriage, but in
conformity with local law.

2. (Law)

Defn: A plea, in which it is alleged that the woman suing for dower
was not lawfully married to the man in whose lands she seeks to be
endowed, but that she was his concubine.

CONCUBINAL
Con*cu"bi*nal, a. Etym: [L. concubinalis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to concubinage.

CONCUBINARIAN
Con*cu`bi*na"ri*an, a. & n.

Defn: Concubinary.
The married and concubinarian, as well as looser clergy. Milman.

CONCUBINARY
Con*cu"bi*na*ry, a. Etym: [LL. concubinarius.]

Defn: Relating to concubinage; living in concubinage.

CONCUBINARY
Con*cu"bi*na*ry, n.; pl. Concubinaries.

Defn: One who lives in concubinage. Jer. Taylor.

CONCUBINATE
Con*cu"bi*nate, n. Etym: [L. concubinatus.]

Defn: Concubinage. [Obs.] Johnson.

CONCUBINE
Con"cu*bine, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. concubina; con- + cubare to lie
down, concumbere to lie together, akin to E. cubit.]

1. A woman who cohabits with a man without being his wife; a
paramour.

Note: Concubine has been sometimes, but rarely, used of a male
paramour as well as of a female. Trench.

2. A wife of inferior condition; a lawful wife, but not united to the
man by the usual ceremonies, and of inferior condition. Such were
Hagar and Keturah, the concubines of Abraham; and such concubines
were allowed by the Roman laws. Their children were not heirs of
their father.

CONCULCATE
Con*cul"cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Concultated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Conculcating.] Etym: [L. conculcatus, p. p. of conculcare to
conculcate fr. calx heel.]

Defn: To tread or trample under foot. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu --
Con`cul*ca"tion (, n. [Obs.]

CONCUPISCENCE
Con*cu"pis*cence, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. concupiscentia.]

Defn: Sexual lust; morbid carnal passion.
Concupiscence like a pestilence walketh in darkness. Horne.

CONCUPISCENT
Con*cu"pis*cent, a. Etym: [L. concupiscens, p. pr. of concupiscere,
v. incho. of concupere to long for; con- + cupere. See Covet.]

Defn: Having sexual lust; libidinous; lustful; lecherous; salacious.
Johnson.

CONCUPISCENTIAL
Con*cu`pis*cen"tial, a.

Defn: Relating to concupiscence. [Obs.] Johnson.

CONCUPISCENTIOUS
Con*cu`pis*cen"tious, a.

Defn: Concupiscent. [Obs.]

CONCUPISCIBLE
Con*cu`pis*ci*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. concupiscible.]

1. Exciting to, or liable to be affected by, concupiscence; provoking
lustful desires. Shak.

2. Exciting desire, good or evil.
The schools reduce all the passions to these two heads, the
concupiscible and irascible appetite. South.

CONCUPISCIBLENESS
Con*cu"pis*ci*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being concupiscible. [Obs.]

CONCUPY
Con"cu*py, n.

Defn: Concupiscence.

Note: [Used only in "Troilus and Cressida"] Shak.

CONCUR
Con*cur", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Concurred (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Concurring.] Etym: [L. concurrere to run together, agree; con- +
currere to run. See Current.]

1. To run together; to meet. [Obs.]
Anon they fierce encountering both concurred With grisly looks and
faces like their fates. J. Hughes.

2. To meet in the same point; to combine or conjoin; to contribute or
help toward a common object or effect.
When outward causes concur. Jer. Colier.

3. To unite or agree (in action or opinion); to join; to act jointly;
to agree; to coincide; to correspond.
Mr. Burke concurred with Lord Chatham in opinion. Fox.
Tories and Whigs had concurred in paying honor to Walker. Makaulay.
This concurs directly with the letter. Shak.

4. To assent; to consent. [Obs.] Milton.

Syn.
 -- To agree; unite; combine; conspire; coincide; approve; acquiesce;
assent.

CONCURRENCE
Con*cur"rence, n. Etym: [F., competition, equality of rights, fr. LL.
concurrentia competition.]

1. The act of concurring; a meeting or coming together; union;
conjunction; combination.
We have no other measure but our own ideas, with the concurence of
other probable reasons, to persuade us. Locke.

2. A meeting of minds; agreement in opinion; union in design or act;
-- implying joint approbation.
Tarquin the Proud was expelled by the universal concurrence of nobles
and people. Swift.

3. Agreement or consent, implying aid or contribution of power or
influence; coöperation.
We collect the greatness of the work, and the necessity of the divine
concurrence to it. Rogers.
An instinct that works us to its own purposes without our
concurrence. Burke.

4. A common right; coincidence of equal powers; as, a concurrence of
jurisdiction in two different courts.

CONCURRENCY
Con*cur"ren*cy, n.

Defn: Concurrence.

CONCURRENT
Con*cur"rent, a. Etym: [F. concurrent, L. concurrens, p. pr. of
concurrere.]

1. Acting in conjunction; agreeing in the same act or opinion;
contibuting to the same event of effect; coöperating.
I join with these laws the personal presence of the kings' son, as a
concurrent cause of this reformation. Sir J. Davies.
The concurrent testimony of antiquity. Bp. Warburton.

2. Conjoined; associate; concomitant; existing or happening at the
same time.
There is no difference the concurrent echo and the iterant but the
quickness or slowness of the return. Bacon.
Changes . . . concurrent with the visual changes in the eye. Tyndall.

3. Joint and equal in authority; taking cognizance of similar
questions; operating on the same objects; as, the concurrent
jurisdiction of courts.

4. (Geom.)

Defn: Meeting in one point.

Syn.
 -- Meeting; uniting; accompanying; conjoined; associated;
coincident; united.

CONCURRENT
Con*cur"rent, n.

1. One who, or that which, concurs; a joint or contributory cause.
To all affairs of importance there are three necessary concurrents .
. . time, industry, and faculties. Dr. H. More.

2. One pursuing the same course, or seeking the same objects; hence,
a rival; an opponent.
Menander . . . had no concurrent in his time that came near unto him.
Holland.

3. (Chron.)

Defn: One of the supernumerary days of the year over fifty-two
complete weeks; -- so called because they concur with the solar
cycle, the course of which they follow.

CONCURRENTLY
Con*cur"rent*ly, adv.

Defn: With concurrence; unitedly.

CONCURRENTNESS
Con*cur"rent*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being concurrent; concurrence.

CONCURRING
Con*cur"ring, a.

Defn: Agreeing. Concurring figure (Geom.), one which, being laid on
another, exactly meets every part of it, or one which correspondends
with another in all its parts.

CONCUSS
Con*cuss", v. t. Etym: [L. concussus, p. p. of concutere. See
Concussion.]

1. To shake or agitate. "Concussed with uncertainty." Daniel.

2. (Law)

Defn: To force (a person) to do something, or give up something, by
intimidation; to coerce. Wharton.

CONCUSSATION
Con`cus*sa"tion, n.

Defn: A violent shock or agitation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

CONCUSSION
Con*cus"sion, n. Etym: [L. concussio, fr. concutere, concussum, to
shake violenty; con- + quatere to shake. See Cashier, Quash.]

1. A shaking or agitation; a shock; caused by the collision of two
bodies.
It is believed that great ringing of bells, in populous cities, hath
dissipated pestilent air; which may be from the concussion of the
air. Bacon.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A condition of lowered functional activity, without visible
structural change, produced in an organ by a shock, as by fall or
blow; as, a concussion of the brain.

3. (Civil Law)

Defn: The unlawful forcing of another by threats of violence to yield
up something of value.
Then concussion, rapine, pilleries, Their catalogue of accusations
fill. Daniel.
Concussion fuse (Mil.), one that is ignited by the concussion of the
shell when it strikes.

Syn.
 -- See Shock.

CONCUSSIVE
Con*cus"sive, a.

Defn: Having the power or quality of shaking or agitating. Johnson.

COND
Cond, v. t. Etym: [OE. conduen, condien, F. conduire to conduct, fr.
L. conducere. See Conduct, and cf. Con (Naut.), Conn. Cun.] (Naut.)

Defn: To con, as a ship.

CONDEMN
Con*demn", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Condemned; p. pr. & vb. n. Condemning
( or ]. Etym: [L. condemnare; con- + damnare to condemn: cf. F.
condamner. See Damn.]

1. To pronounce to be wrong; to disapprove of; to censure.
Condemn the fault, and not the actor of it! Why, every fault's
condemned ere it be done. Shak.
Wilt thou condemn him that is most just Job xxxiv. 17.

2. To declare the guilt of; to make manifest the faults or
unworthiness of; to convict of guilt.
The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with this
generation, and shall condemn it. Matt. xii. 42.

3. To pronounce a judicial sentence against; to sentence to
punishment, suffering, or loss; to doom; -- with to before the
penalty.
Driven out from bliss, condemned In this abhorred deep to utter woe.
Milton.
To each his sufferings; all are men, Condemned alike to groan. Gray.
And they shall condemn him to death. Matt. xx. 18.
The thief condemned, in law already dead. Pope.
No flocks that range the valley free, To slaughter I condemn.
Goldsmith.

4. To amerce or fine; -- with in before the penalty.
The king of Egypt . . . condemned the land in a hundred talents of
silver. 2 Cron. xxxvi. 3.

5. To adjudge or pronounce to be unfit for use or service; to adjudge
or pronounce to be forfeited; as, the ship and her cargo were
condemned.

6. (Law)

Defn: To doom to be taken for public use, under the right of eminent
domain.

Syn.
 -- To blame; censure; reprove; reproach; upbraid; reprobate;
convict; doom; sentence; adjudge.

CONDEMNABLE
Con"dem*na"ble, a. Etym: [L. condemnabilis.]

Defn: Worthy of condemnation; blamable; culpable.

CONDEMNATION
Con"dem*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. condemnatio.]

1. The act of condemning or pronouncing to be wrong; censure; blame;
disapprobation.
In every other sense of condemnation, as blame, censure, reproof,
private judgment, and the like. Paley.

2. The act of judicially condemning, or adjudging guilty, unfit for
use, or forfeited; the act of dooming to punishment or forfeiture.
A legal and judicial condemnation. Paley.
Whose condemnation is pronounced. Shak.

3. The state of being condemned.
His pathetic appeal to posterity in the hopeless hour of
condemnation. W. Irving.

4. The ground or reason of condemning.
This is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men
loved darkness rather light, because their deeds were evil. John iii.
19.

CONDEMNATORY
Con*dem"na*to*ry, a.

Defn: Condemning; containing or imposing condemnation or censure; as,
a condemnatory sentence or decree.

CONDEMNED
Con*demned", a.

1. Pronounced to be wrong, guilty, worthless, or forfeited; adjudged
or sentenced to punishment, destruction, or confiscation.

2. Used for condemned persons.
Richard Savage . . . had lain with fifty pounds weight of irons on
his legs in the condemned ward of Newgate. Macaulay.

CONDEMNER
Con*dem"ner ( or ), n.

Defn: One who condemns or censures.

CONDENSABILITY
Con*den`sa*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being condensed.

CONDENSABLE
Con*den"sa*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. condensable.]

Defn: Capable of being condensed; as, vapor is condensable.

CONDENSATE
Con*den"sate, a. Etym: [L. condensatus, p. p. of condensare. See
Condense, v. t.]

Defn: Made dense; condensed.
Water . . . thickened or condensate. Peacham.

CONDENSATE
Con*den"sate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Condensated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Condensating.]

Defn: To condense. [R.] Hammond.

CONDENSATION
Con`den*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. condensatio: cf. F. condensation.]

1. The act or process of condensing or of being condensed; the state
of being condensed.
He [Goldsmith] was a great and perhaps an unequaled master of the
arts of selection and condensation. Macaulay.

2. (Physics)

Defn: The act or process of reducing, by depression of temperature or
increase of pressure, etc., to another and denser form, as gas to the
condition of a liquid or steam to water.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: A rearrangement or concentration of the different constituents
of one or more substances into a distinct and definite compound of
greater complexity and molecular weight, often resulting in an
increase of density, as the condensation of oxygen into ozone, or of
acetone into mesitylene. Condensation product (Chem.), a substance
obtained by the polymerization of one substance, or by the union of
two or more, with or without separation of some unimportant side
products.
 -- Surface condensation, the system of condensing steam by contact
with cold metallic surfaces, in distinction from condensation by the
injection of cold water.

CONDENSATIVE
Con*den"sa*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. condensatif.]

Defn: Having the property of condensing.

CONDENSE
Con*dense", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Condensed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Condensing.] Etym: [L. condensare; con- + densare to make thick or
dense, densus thick, dense: cf. F. condenser. See Dense, and cf.
Condensate.]

1. To make more close, compact, or dense; to compress or concentrate
into a smaller compass; to consolidate; to abridge; to epitomize.
In what shape they choose, Dilated or condensed, bright or obscure.
Milton.
The secret course pursued at Brussels and at Madrid may be condensed
into the usual formula, dissimulation, procrastination, and again
dissimulation. Motley.

2. (Chem. & Physics)

Defn: To reduce into another and denser form, as by cold or pressure;
as, to condense gas into a liquid form, or steam into water.
Condensed milk, milk reduced to the consistence of very thick cream
by evaporation (usually with addition of sugar) for preservation and
transportation.
 -- Condensing engine, a steam engine in which the steam is condensed
after having exerted its force on the piston.

Syn.
 -- To compress; contract; crowd; thicken; concentrate; abridge;
epitomize; reduce.

CONDENSE
Con*dense", v. i.

1. To become more compact; to be reduced into a denser form.
Nitrous acid is gaseous at ordinary temperatures, but condenses into
a very volatile liquid at the zero of Fahrenheit. H. Spencer.

2. (Chem.)
(a) To combine or unite (as two chemical substances) with or without
separation of some unimportant side products.
(b) To undergo polymerization.

CONDENSE
Con*dense", a. Etym: [L. condensus.]

Defn: Condensed; compact; dense. [R.]
The huge condense bodies of planets. Bentley.

CONDENSER
Con*dens"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, condenses.

2. (Physic) (a) An instrument for condensing air or other elastic
fluids, consisting of a cylinder having a movable piston to force the
air into a receiver, and a valve to prevent its escape. (b) An
instrument for concentrating electricity by the effect of induction
between conducting plates separated by a nonconducting plate. (c) A
lens or mirror, usually of short focal distance, used to concentrate
light upon an object.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus for receiving and condensing the volatile products
of distillation to a liquid or solid form, by cooling.

4. (Steam Engine)

Defn: An apparatus, separate from the cylinder, in which the exhaust
steam is condensed by the action of cold water or air. See Illust. of
Steam engine. Achromatic condenser (Optics), an achromatic lens used
as a condenser.
 -- Bull's-eye condenser, or Bull's-eye (Optics), a lens of short
focal distance used for concentrating rays of light.
 -- Injection condenser, a vessel in which steam is condensed by the
direct contact of water.
 -- Surface condenser, an apparatus for condensing steam, especially
the exhaust of a steam engine, by bringing it into contact with
metallic surface cooled by water or air.

CONDENSIBLE
Con*den"si*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being condensed; as, a gas condensible to a liquid
by cold.

CONDER
Cond"er, n. Etym: [From Cond.]

Defn: One who watches shoals of fish; a balker. See Balker.

CONDESCEND
Con`de*scend", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Condescended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Condescending.] Etym: [F. condescendre, LL. condescendere, fr. L.
con- + descendere. See Descend.]

1. To stoop or descend; to let one's self down; to submit; to waive
the privilege of rank or dignity; to accommodate one's self to an
inferior. "Condescend to men of low estate." Rom. xii. 16.
Can they think me so broken, so debased With corporal servitude, that
my mind ever Will condescend to such absurd commands Milton.
Spain's mighty monarch, In gracious clemency, does condescend, On
these conditions, to become your friend. Dryden.

Note: Often used ironically, implying an assumption of superiority.
Those who thought they were honoring me by condescending to address a
few words to me. F. W. Robinson.

2. To consent. [Obs.]
All parties willingly condescended heruento. R. Carew.

Syn.
 -- To yield; stoop; descend; deign; vouchsafe.

CONDESCENDENCE; CONDESCENDENCY
Con`de*scend"ence, Con`de*scend"en*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F.
condescendance.]

Defn: Condescension. [Obs.]

CONDESCENDINGLY
Con`de*scend"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a condescending manner. Atterbury.

CONDESCENSION
Con`de*scen"sion, n. Etym: [L. condescensio.]

Defn: The act of condescending; voluntary descent from one's rank or
dignity in intercourse with an inferior; courtesy toward inferiors.
It forbids pride . . . and commands humility, modesty, and
condescension to others. Tillotson.
Such a dignity and condescension . . . as are suitable to a superior
nature. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Complaisance; courtesy; affability.

CONDESCENT
Con`de*scent", n. Etym: [Cf. Condescend, Descent.]

Defn: An act of condescension. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

CONDIGN
Con*dign", a. Etym: [F. condigne, L. condignus very worthy; con- +
dignus worthy. See Deign, and cf. Digne.]

1. Worthy; suitable; deserving; fit. [Obs.]
Condign and worthy praise. Udall.
Herself of all that rule she deemend most condign. Spenser.

2. Deserved; adequate; suitable to the fault or crime. "Condign
censure." Milman.
Unless it were a bloody murderer . . . I never gave them condign
punishment. Shak.

CONDIGNITY
Con*dig"ni*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. condignité.] (Scholastic Theol.)

Defn: Merit, acguired by works, which can claim reward on the score
of general benevolence.
Such a worthiness of condignity, and proper merit of the heavenly
glory, cannot be found in any the best, most perfect, and excellent
of created beings. Bp. Bull.

CONDIGNLY
Con*dign"ly, adv.

Defn: According to merit.

CONDIGNNESS
Con*dign"ness, n.

Defn: Agreeableness to deserts; suitableness.

CONDIMENT
Con"di*ment, n. Etym: [L. condimentum, fr. condire. See Condite.]

Defn: Something used to give relish to food, and to gratify the
taste; a pungment and appetizing substance, as pepper or mustard;
seasoning.
As for radish and the like, they are for condiments, and not for
nourishment. Bacon.

CONDISCIPLE
Con`dis*ci"ple, n. Etym: [L. condiscipulus. See Disciple.]

Defn: A schoolfellow; a fellow-student. [R.]

CONDITE
Con"dite, a. Etym: [L. conditus, p. p. of condire to preserve,
pickle, season. See Recondite.]

Defn: Preserved; pickled. [Obs.] Burton.

CONDITE
Con*dite", v. t.

Defn: To pickle; to preserve; as, to condite pears, quinces, etc.
[Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

CONDITION
Con*di"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. conditio (better condicio)
agreement, compact, condition; con- + a root signifying to show,
point out, akin to dicere to say, dicare to proclaim, dedicate. See
Teach, Token.]

1. Mode or state of being; state or situation with regard to external
circumstances or influences, or to physical or mental integrity,
health, strength, etc.; predicament; rank; position, estate.
I am in my condition A prince, Miranda; I do think, a king. Shak.
And O, what man's condition can be worse Than his whom plenty starves
and blessings curse Cowley.
The new conditions of life. Darwin.

2. Essential quality; property; attribute.
It seemed to us a condition and property of divine powers and beings
to be hidden and unseen to others. Bacon.

3. Temperament; disposition; character. [Obs.]
The condition of a saint and the complexion of a devil. Shak.

4. That which must exist as the occasion or concomitant of something
else; that which is requisite in order that something else should
take effect; an essential qualification; stipulation; terms
specified.
I had as lief take her dowry with this condition, to be whipped at
the high cross every morning. Shak.
Many are apt to believe remission of sins, but they believe it
without the condition of repentance. Jer. Taylor.

5. (Law)

Defn: A clause in a contract, or agreement, which has for its object
to suspend, to defeat, or in some way to modify, the principal
obligation; or, in case of a will, to suspend, revoke, or modify a
devise or bequest. It is also the case of a future uncertain event,
which may or may not happen, and on the occurrence or non-occurrence
of which, the accomplishment, recission, or modification of an
obligation or testamentary disposition is made to depend. Blount.
Tomlins. Bouvier. Wharton. Equation of condition. (Math.) See under
Equation.
 -- On or Upon condition (that), used for if in introducing
conditional sentences. "Upon condition thou wilt swear to pay him
tribute . . . thou shalt be placed as viceroy under him." Shak.
 -- Conditions of sale, the terms on which it is proposed to sell
property by auction; also, the instrument containing or expressing
these terms.

Syn.
 -- State; situation; circumstances; station; case; mode; plight;
predicament; stipulation; qualification; requisite; article;
provision; arrangement. See State.

CONDITION
Con*di"tion, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Conditioned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Conditioning.]

1. To make terms; to stipulate.
Pay me back my credit, And I'll condition with ye. Beau. & Fl.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: To impose upon an object those relations or conditions without
which knowledge and thought are alleged to be impossible.
To think of a thing is to condition. Sir W. Hamilton.

CONDITION
Con*di"tion, v. t. Etym: [Cf. LL. conditionare. See Condition, n.]

1. To invest with, or limit by, conditions; to burden or qualify by a
condition; to impose or be imposed as the condition of.
Seas, that daily gain upon the shore, Have ebb and flow conditioning
their march. Tennyson.

2. To contract; to stipulate; to agree.
It was conditioned between Saturn and Titan, that Saturn should put
to death all his male children. Sir W. Raleigh.

3. (U. S. Colleges)

Defn: To put under conditions; to require to pass a new examination
or to make up a specified study, as a condition of remaining in one's
class or in college; as, to condition a student who has failed in
some branch of study.

4. To test or assay, as silk (to ascertain the proportion of moisture
it contains). McElrath.

Defn: train; acclimate.

CONDITIONAL
Con*di"tion*al, a. Etym: [L. conditionalis.]

1. Containing, implying, or depending on, a condition or conditions;
not absolute; made or granted on certain terms; as, a conditional
promise.
Every covenant of God with man . . . may justly be made (as in fact
it is made) with this conditional punishment annexed and declared.
Bp. Warburton.

2. (Gram. & Logic)

Defn: Expressing a condition or supposition; as, a conditional word,
mode, or tense.
A conditional proposition is one which asserts the dependence of one
categorical proposition on another. Whately.
The words hypothetical and conditional may be . . . used
synonymously. J. S. Mill.

CONDITIONAL
Con*di"tion*al, n.

1. A limitation. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. A conditional word, mode, or proposition.
Disjunctives may be turned into conditionals. L. H. Atwater.

CONDITIONALITY
Con*di`tion*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being conditional, or limited; limitation by
certain terms.

CONDITIONALLY
Con*di"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a conditional manner; subject to a condition or conditions;
not absolutely or positively. Shak.

CONDITIONATE
Con*di"tion*ate, a. Etym: [LL. conditionatus, p. p. See Condition, v.
t.]

Defn: Conditional. [Obs.]
Barak's answer is faithful, though conditionate. Bp. Hall.

CONDITIONATE
Con*di"tion*ate, v. t.

1. To qualify by conditions; to regulate. [Obs.]

2. To put under conditions; to render conditional.

CONDITIONED
Con*di"tioned, a.

1. Surrounded; circumstanced; in a certain state or condition, as of
property or health; as, a well conditioned man.
The best conditioned and unwearied spirit. Shak.

2. Having, or known under or by, conditions or relations; not
independent; not absolute.
Under these, thought is possible only in the conditioned interval.
Sir W. Hamilton.

CONDITIONLY
Con*di"tion*ly, adv.

Defn: Conditionally. [Obs.]

CONDITORY
Con"di*to*ry, n.; pl. Conditories. Etym: [L. conditorium, fr. condere
to hide. See Recondite.]

Defn: A repository for holding things; a hinding place.

CONDOG
Con*dog", v. i. Etym: [A punning corruption of concur.]

Defn: To concur; to agree. [Burlesque]

Note: This word appears in early dictionaries as a synonym for the
word agree; thus. "Agree; concurre, cohere, condog, condescend."
Cockeram.

CONDOLATORY
Con*do"la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Expressing condolence. Smart.

CONDOLE
Con*dole", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Condoled; p. pr. & vb. n. Condoling.]
Etym: [L. condolere; con- + dolere to feel pain, grieve. See
Doleful.]

Defn: To express sympathetic sorrow; to grieve in sympathy; --
followed by with.
Your friends would have cause to rejoice, rather than condole with
you. Sir W. Temple.

CONDOLE
Con*dole", v. t.

Defn: To lament or grieve over. [R.]
I come not, Samson, to condole thy chance. Milton.

CONDOLEMENT
Con*dole"ment, n.

1. Condolence. "A pitiful condolement." Milton.

2. Sorrow; mourning; lamentation. Shak.

CONDOLENCE
Con*do"lence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. condoléance.]

Defn: Expression of sympathy with another in sorrow or grief.
Their congratulations and their condolences. Steele.
A special mission of condolence. Macaulay.

CONDOLER
Con*dol"er, n.

Defn: One who condoles.

CONDONATION
Con`do*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. condonatio a giving away.]

1. The act of condoning or pardoning.

2. (Law)

Defn: Forgiveness, either express or implied, by a husband of his
wife or by a wife of her husband, for a breach of marital duty, as
adultery, with an implied condition that the offense shall not be
repeated. Bouvier. Wharton.

CONDONE
Con*done", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Condoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Condoning.]
Etym: [L. condonare, -donatum, to give up, remit, forgive; con- +
donare to give. See Donate.]

1. To pardon; to forgive.
A fraud which he had either concocted or condoned. W. Black.
It would have been magnanimous in the men then in power to have
overlooked all these things, and, condoning the politics, to have
rewarded the poetry of Burns. J. C. Shairp.

2. (Law)

Defn: To pardon; to overlook the offense of; esp., to forgive for a
violation of the marriage law; -- said of either the husband or the
wife.

CONDOR
Con"dor, n. Etym: [Sp. condor, fr. Peruvian cuntur.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large bird of the Vulture family (Sarcorhamphus
gryphus), found in the most elevated parts of the Andes.

CONDOTTIERE
Con`dot*tie"re, n.; pl. Condottieri. Etym: [It., captain.]

Defn: A military adventurer of the fourteenth and fifteenth
centuries, who sold his services, and those of his followers, to any
party in any contest.

CONDUCE
Con*duce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Conduced; p. pr. & vb. n. Conducing.]
Etym: [L. conducere to bring together, conduce, hire; con- + ducere
to lead. See Duke and cf. Conduct, n., Cond.]

Defn: To lead or tend, esp. with reference to a favorable or
desirable result; to contribute; -- usually followed by to or toward.
He was sensible how much such a union would conduce to the happiness
of both. Macaulay.
The reasons you allege do more conduce To the hot passion of
distemper'd blood. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To contribute; aid; assist; tend; subserve.

CONDUCE
Con*duce", v. t.

Defn: To conduct; to lead; to guide. [Obs.]
He was sent to conduce hither the princess. Sir H. Wotton.

CONDUCENT
Con*du"cent, a. Etym: [L. conducens, p. pr.]

Defn: Conducive; tending.
Conducent to the good success of this business. Abp. Laud.

CONDUCIBILITY
Con*du"ci*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being conducible; conducibleness. Bp.
Wilkins.

CONDUCIBLE
Con*du"ci*ble, a. Etym: [L. conducibilis.]

Defn: Conducive; tending; contributing. Bacon.
All his laws are in themselves conducible to the temporal interest of
them that observe them. Bentley.

CONDUCIBLENESS
Con*du"ci*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being conducible.

CONDUCIBLY
Con*du"ci*bly, adv.

Defn: In a manner to promote. [R.]

CONDUCIVE
Con*du"cive, a.

Defn: Loading or tending; helpful; contributive; tending to promote.
However conducive to the good or our country. Addison.

CONDUCIVENESS
Con*du"cive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of conducing.

CONDUCT
Con"duct, n. Etym: [LL. conductus defense, escort, fr. L. conductus,
p. p. of conducere. See Conduce, and cf. Conduit.]

1. The act or method of conducting; guidance; management.
Christianity has humanized the conduct of war. Paley.
The conduct of the state, the administration of its affairs. Ld.
Brougham.

2. Skillful guidance or management; generalship.
Conduct of armies is a prince's art. Waller.
Attacked the Spaniards . . . with great impetuosity, but with so
little conduct, that his forces were totally routed. Robertson.

3. Convoy; escort; guard; guide. [Archaic]
I will be your conduct. B. Jonson.
In my conduct shall your ladies come. Shak.

4. That which carries or conveys anything; a channel; a conduit; an
instrument. [Obs.]
Although thou been conduct of my chame. Shak.

5. The manner of guiding or carrying one's self; personal deportment;
mode of action; behavior.
All these difficulties were increased by the conduct of Shrewsbury.
Macaulay.
What in the conduct of our life appears So well designed, so luckily
begun, But when we have our wish, we wish undone Dryden.

6. Plot; action; construction; manner of development.
The book of Job, in conduct and diction. Macaulay.
Conduct money (Naut.), a portion of a seaman's wages retained till
the end of his engagement, and paid over only if his conduct has been
satisfactory.

Syn.
 -- Behavior; deportment; demeanor; bearing; management; guidance.
See Behavior.

CONDUCT
Con*duct", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Conducted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Conducting.] Etym: [See Conduct, n.]

1. To lead, or guide; to escort; to attend.
I can conduct you, lady, to a low But loyal cottage, where you may be
safe. Milton.

2. To lead, as a commander; to direct; to manage; to carry on; as, to
conduct the affairs of a kingdom.
Little skilled in the art of conducting a siege. Prescott.

3. To behave; -- with the reflexive; as, he conducted himself well.

4. (Physics)

Defn: To serve as a medium for conveying; to transmit, as heat,
light, electricity, etc.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: To direct, as the leader in the performance of a musical
composition.

CONDUCT
Con*duct", v. i.

1. To act as a conductor (as of heat, electricity, etc.); to carry.

2. To conduct one's self; to behave. [U. S.]

CONDUCTANCE
Con*duct"ance (kon*duk"tans), n.  [Conduct, v. + -ance.] (Elec.)

Defn: Conducting power; -- the reciprocal of resistance. A suggested
unit is the mho, the reciprocal of the ohm.

Conductance is an attribute of any specified conductor, and refers to
its shape, length, and other factors. Conductivity is an attribute of
any specified material without direct reference to its shape or other
factors.
Sloane's Elec. Dict.

CONDUCTIBILITY
Con*duct`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. conductibilité.]

1. Capability of being conducted; as, the conductibility of heat or
electricity.

2. Conductivity; capacity for receiving and transmitting.

CONDUCTIBLE
Con*duct"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being conducted.

CONDUCTION
Con*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. conductio a bringing together: cf. F.
conduction.]

1. The act of leading or guiding. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. The act of training up. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. (Physics)

Defn: Transmission through, or by means of, a conductor; also,
conductivity.
[The] communication [of heat] from one body to another when they are
in contact, or through a homogenous body from particle to particle,
constitutes conduction. Amer. Cyc.

CONDUCTIVE
Con*duct"ive, a.

Defn: Having the quality or power of conducting; as, the conductive
tissue of a pistil.
The ovarian walls . . . are seen to be distinctly conductive. Goodale
(Gray's Bot. ).

CONDUCTIVITY
Con`duc*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or power of conducting, or of receiving and
transmitting, as, the conductivity of a nerve. Thermal conductivity
(Physics), the quantity of heat that passes in unit time through unit
area of plate whose thickness is unity, when its opposite faces
differ in temperature by one degree. J. D. Everett.
 -- Thermometic conductivity (Physics), the thermal conductivity when
the unit of heat employed is the heat required to raise unit volume
of the substance one degree.

CONDUCTOR
Con*duct"or, n. Etym: [LL., a carrier, transporter, L., a lessee.]

1. One who, or that which, conducts; a leader; a commander; a guide;
a manager; a director.
Zeal, the blind conductor of the will. Dryden.

2. One in charge of a public conveyance, as of a railroad train or a
street car. [U. S.]

3. (Mus.)

Defn: The leader or director of an orchestra or chorus.

4. (Physics)

Defn: A substance or body capable of being a medium for the
transmission of certain forces, esp. heat or electricity;
specifically, a lightning rod.

5. (Surg.)

Defn: A grooved sound or staff used for directing instruments, as
lithontriptic forceps, etc.; a director.

6. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Leader. Prime conductor (Elec.), the largest conductor
of an electrical machine, serving to collect, accumulate, or retain
the electricity.

CONDUCTORY
Con*duct"o*ry, a. Etym: [LL. conductorius.]

Defn: Having the property of conducting. [R.]

CONDUCTRESS
Con*duct"ress, n.

Defn: A woman who leads or directs; a directress.

CONDUIT
Con"duit ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. conductus escort,
conduit. See Conduct.]

1. A pipe, canal, channel, or passage for conveying water or fluid.
All the conduits of my blood froze up. Shak.
This is the fountain of all those bitter waters, of which, through a
hundred different conduits, we have drunk. Burke.

2. (Arch.)
(a) A structure forming a reservoir for water. Oxf. Gloss.
(b) A narrow passage for private communication.

CONDUIT SYSTEM; CONDUIT RAILWAY
Con"duit sys"tem. (Elec.)

Defn: A system of electric traction, esp. for light railways, in
which the actuating current passes along a wire or rail laid in an
underground conduit, from which the current is "picked up" by a plow
or other device fixed to the car or electric locomotive.  Hence
Conduit railway.

CONDUPLICATE
Con*du"pli*cate, a. Etym: [L. conduplicatus, p. p. of conduplicare.
See Duplicate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Folded lengthwise along the midrib, the upper face being
within; -- said of leaves or petals in vernation or æstivation.

CONDUPLICATION
Con*du`pli*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. conduplicatio.]

Defn: A doubling together or folding; a duplication. [R.]

CONDURANGO
Con`du*ran"go, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Cundurango.

CONDURRITE
Con*dur"rite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of the mineral domeykite, or copper arsenide, from
the Condurra mine in Cornwall, England.

CONDYLAR
Con"dy*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a condyle. Condylar foramen (Anat.), a
formen in front of each condyle of the occipital bone; -- sometimes
called the anterior condylar foramen when a second, or posterior,
foramen is present behind the condyle, as often happens in man.

CONDYLE
Con"dyle ( or ), n. Etym: [L. condylus knuckle, joint, Gr. condyle.]
(Anat.)

Defn: A bony prominence; particularly, an eminence at the end of a
bone bearing a rounded articular surface; -- sometimes applied also
to a concave articular surface.

CONDYLOID
Con"dy*loid, a. Etym: [Condyle + -oid: cf. F. condyloïde.] (Anat.)

Defn: Shaped like or pertaining to a condyle.

CONDYLOMA; CONDYLOME
Con`dy*lo"ma, Con"dy*lome, n.; pl. Condylomata or, E. Condylomes.
Etym: [NL. condyloma, fr. Gr. -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A wartlike new growth on the outer skin or adjoining mucous
membrance.

Note: There are two kinds of condylomata, the pointed and the broad,
the latter being of syphilitic origin.

CONDYLOPOD
Con*dyl"o*pod, n. Etym: [Gr. -pod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An arthropod.

CONE
Cone, n. Etym: [L. conus cone (in sense 1), Gr. çana whetstone, L.
cuneus wedge, and prob. to E. hone. See Hone, n.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A solid of the form described by the revolution of a right-
angled triangle about one of the sides adjacent to the right angle; -
- called also a right cone. More generally, any solid having a
vertical point and bounded by a surface which is described by a
straight line always passing through that vertical point; a solid
having a circle for its base and tapering to a point or vertex.

2. Anything shaped more or less like a mathematical cone; as, a
volcanic cone, a collection of scoriæ around the crater of a volcano,
usually heaped up in a conical form.
Now had Night measured with her shadowy cone Half way up hill this
vast sublunar vault. Milton.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit or strobile of the Coniferæ, as of the pine, fir,
cedar, and cypress. It is composed of woody scales, each one of which
has one or two seeds at its base.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shell of the genus Conus, having a conical form. Cone of rays
(Opt.), the pencil of rays of light which proceed from a radiant
point to a given surface, as that of a lens, or conversely.
 -- Cone pulley. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Oblique or Scalene cone, a cone of which the axis is inclined to
the plane of its base.
 -- Eight cone. See Cone, 1.

CONE
Cone, v. t.

Defn: To render coneshaped; to bevel like the circular segment of a
cone; as, to cone the tires of car wheels.

CONE CLUTCH
Cone clutch. (Mach.)

Defn: A friction clutch with conical bearing surfaces.

CONEFLOWER
Cone"flow`er, n.

Defn: Any plant of the genus Rudbeckia; -- so called from the cone-
shaped disk of the flower head. Also, any plant of the related genera
Ratibida and Brauneria, the latter usually known as purple
coneflower.

CONE-IN-CONE
Cone"-in-cone", a. (Geol.)

Defn: Consisting of a series of parallel cones, each made up of many
concentric cones closely packed together; -- said of a kind of
structure sometimes observed in sedimentary rocks.

CONEINE
Co*ne"ine ( or ; 104), n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Conine.

CONE-NOSE
Cone"-nose`, n.

Defn: A large hemipterous insect of the family Reduviidæ, often found
in houses, esp. in the southern and western United States. It bites
severely, and is one of the species called kissing bugs. It is also
called big bedbug.

CONEPATE; CONEPATL
Co"ne*pate, Co"ne*patl, n. Etym: [Mexican conepatl and epatl.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The skunk.

CONE PULLEY
Cone" pul"ley.

Defn: A pulley for driving machines, etc., having two or more parts
or steps of different diameters; a pulley having a conical shape.

CONESTOGA WAGON; CONESTOGA WAIN
Con`es*to"ga wag`on, Con`es*to"ga wain. [From Conestoga,
Pennsylvania.]

Defn: A kind of large broad-wheeled wagon, usually covered, for
traveling in soft soil and on prairies.

CONEY
Co"ney ( or ), n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rabbit. See Cony.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish. See Cony.

CONFAB
Con"fab, n. Etym: [Contr. from confabulation.]

Defn: Familiar talk or conversation. [Colloq.]

CONFABULATE
Con*fab"u*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Confabulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Confabulating.] Etym: [L. confabulatus, p. p. of confabulary, to
converse together; con- + fabulary to speak, fr. fabula. See Fable.]

Defn: To talk familiarly together; to chat; to prattle.
I shall not ask Jean Jaques Rousseau If birds confabulate or no.
Cowper.

CONFABULATION
Con*fab`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. confabulatio.]

Defn: Familiar talk; easy, unrestrained, unceremonious conversation.
Friends' confabulations are comfortable at all times, as fire in
winter. Burton.

CONFABULATORY
Con*fab"u*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of the nature of familiar talk; in the form of a dialogue.
Weever.

CONFALON
Con"fa*lon, n. Etym: [F. See Confalon.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: One of a fraternity of seculars, also called Penitents.

CONFARREATION
Con*far`re*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. confarreatio, fr. confarreare to
marry; con- + farreum (sc. libum cake) a spelt cake, fr. farreus made
of spelt, fr. far a sort of grain.] (Antiq.)

Defn: A form of marriage among the Romans, in which an offering of
bread was made, in presence of the high priest and at least ten
witnesses.

CONFATED
Con*fat"ed, p.a.

Defn: Fated or decreed with something else. [R.] A. Tucker.

CONFECT
Con*fect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Confected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Confecting.] Etym: [L. confectus, p. p. of conficere to prepare. See
Comfit.]

1. To prepare, as sweetmeats; to make a confection of. [Obs.]
Saffron confected in Cilicia. W. Browne.

2. To construct; to form; to mingle or mix. [Obs.]
Of this were confected the famous everlasting lamps and tapers. Sir
T. Herbert.
[My joys] are still confected with some fears. Stirling.

CONFECT
Con"fect, n.

Defn: A comfit; a confection. [Obs.]
At supper eat a pippin roasted and sweetened with sugar of roses and
caraway confects. Harvey.

CONFECTION
Con*fec"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. confectio.]

1. A composition of different materials. [Obs.]
A new confection of mold. Bacon.

2. A preparation of fruits or roots, etc., with sugar; a sweetmeat.
Certain confections . . . are like to candied conserves, and are made
of sugar and lemons. Bacon.

3. A composition of drugs. Shak.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A soft solid made by incorporating a medicinal substance or
substances with sugar, sirup, or honey.

Note: The pharmacopoeias formerly made a distinction between
conserves (made of fresh vegetable substances and sugar) and
electuaries (medicinal substances combined with sirup or honey), but
the distinction is now abandoned and all are called confections.

CONFECTIONARY
Con*fec"tion*a*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. confectionaris a pharmacist.]

Defn: A confectioner. [Obs.]
He will take your daughters to be confectionaries, and to be cooks. 1
Sam. viii. 13.

CONFECTIONARY
Con*fec"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Prepared as a confection.
The biscuit or confectionary plum. Cowper.

CONFECTIONER
Con*fec"tion*er, n.

1. A compounder. [Obs.]
Canidia Neapolitana was confectioner of unguents. Haywood.

2. One whose occupation it is to make or sell confections, candies,
etc.

CONFECTIONERS' SUGAR
Con*fec"tion*ers' sug`ar.

Defn: A highly refined sugar in impalpable powder, esp. suited to
confectioners' uses.

CONFECTIONERY
Con*fec"tion*er*y, n.

1. Sweetmeats, in general; things prepared and sold by a
confectioner; confections; candies.

2. A place where candies, sweetmeats, and similar things are made or
sold.

CONFECTORY
Con*fec"to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the art of making sweetmeats. [Obs.] Beaumont.

CONFECTURE
Con*fec"ture, n.

Defn: Same as Confiture. [Obs.]

CONFEDER
Con*fed"er, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. conf. See Confederate.]

Defn: To confederate. [Obs.] Sir T. North.

CONFEDERACY
Con*fed"er*a*cy, n.; pl. Confederacies. Etym: [From Confederate, a.]

1. A league or compact between two or more persons, bodies of men, or
states, for mutual support or common action; alliance.
The friendships of the world are oft Confederacies in vice or leagues
of pleasure. Addison.
He hath heard of our confederacy. Shak.
Virginia promoted a confederacy. Bancroft.

2. The persons, bodies, states, or nations united by a league; a
confederation.
The Grecian common wealth, . . . the most heroic confederacy that
ever existed. Harris.
Virgil has a whole confederacy against him. Dryden.

3. (Law)

Defn: A combination of two or more persons to commit an unlawful act,
or to do a lawful act by unlawful means. See Conspiracy.

Syn.
 -- League; compact; alliance; association; union; combination;
confederation.

CONFEDERATE
Con*fed"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. confoederatus, p. p. of confoederare to
join by a league; con- + foederare to establish by treaty or league,
fr. foedus league, compact. See Federal.]

1. United in a league; allied by treaty; engaged in a confederacy;
banded together; allied.
All the swords In Italy, and her confederate arms, Could not have
made this peace. Shak.

2. (Amer. Hist.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the government of the eleven Southern
States of the United States which (1860-1865) attempted to establish
an independent nation styled the Confederate States of America; as,
the Confederate congress; Confederate money.

CONFEDERATE
Con*fed"er*ate, n.

1. One who is united with others in a league; a person or a nation
engaged in a confederacy; an ally; also, an accomplice in a bad
sense.
He found some of his confederates in gaol. Macaulay.

2. (Amer. Hist.)

Defn: A name designating an adherent to the cause of the States which
attempted to withdraw from the Union (1860-1865).

CONFEDERATE
Con*fed"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Confederated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Confederating.]

Defn: To unite in a legue or confederacy; to ally.
With these the Piercies them confederate. Daniel.

CONFEDERATE
Con*fed"er*ate, v. i.

Defn: To unite in a league; to join in a mutual contract or covenant;
to band together.
By words men . . . covenant and confederate. South.

CONFEDERATER
Con*fed"er*a`ter, n.

Defn: A confederate.

CONFEDERATION
Con*fed`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. confoederatio: cf. F. confédération.]

1. The act of confederating; a league; a compact for mutual support;
alliance, particulary of princes, nations, or states.
The three princes enter into some strict league and confederation
among themselves. Bacon.
This was no less than a political confederation of the colonies of
New England. Palfrey.

2. The parties that are confederated, considered as a unit; a
confederacy. Articles of confederation. See under Article.

CONFEDERATIVE
Con*fed"er*a*tive ( or ), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a confederation.

CONFEDERATOR
Con*fed"er*a`tor, n.

Defn: A confederate. Grafton.

CONFER
Con*fer", v.t. [imp. & p. p. Conferred; p. pr. & vb. n. Conferring.]
Etym: [L. conferre to bring together, contribute, consult; con- +
ferre to bear: cf. F. conférer. See 1st Bear.]

1. To bring together for comparison; to compare. [Obs.]
If we confer these observations with others of the like nature, we
may find cause to rectify the general opinion. Boyle.

2. To grant as a possession; to bestow.
The public marks of honor and reward Conferred upon me. Milton.

3. To contribute; to conduce. [Obs.]
The closeness and compactness of the parts resting together doth much
confer to the strength of the union. Glanvill.

CONFER
Con*fer", v. i.

Defn: To have discourse; to consult; to compare views; to deliberate.
Festus, when he had conferred with the council, answered. Acts xxv.
12.
You shall hear us confer of this. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To counsel; advise; discourse; converse.

CONFEREE
Con`fer*ee", n. Etym: [Cf. Referee.]

1. One who is conferred with, or who takes part in a conference; as,
the conferees on the part of the Senate.

2. One upon whom something is conferred.

CONFERENCE
Con"fer*ence, n. Etym: [F. conférence. See Confer.]

1. The act of comparing two or more things together; comparison.
[Obs.]
Helps and furtherances which . . . the mutual conference of all men's
collections and observations may afford. Hocker.

2. The act of consulting together formally; serious conversation or
discussion; interchange of views.
Nor with such free and friendly conference As he hath used of old.
Shak.

3. A meeting for consultation, discussion, or an interchange of
opinions.

4. A meeting of the two branches of a legislature, by their
committees, to adjust between them.

5. (Methodist Church)

Defn: A stated meeting of preachers and others, invested with
authority to take cognizance of ecclesiastical matters.

6. A voluntary association of Congregational churches of a district;
the district in which such churches are. Conference meeting, a
meeting for conference. Specifically, a meeting conducted (usually)
by laymen, for conference and prayer. [U. S.] -- Conference room, a
room for conference and prayer, and for the pastor's less formal
addresses. [U. S.]

CONFERENTIAL
Con`fer*en"tial, a.

Defn: Relating to conference. [R.] Clarke.

CONFERRABLE
Con*fer"ra*ble a.

Defn: Capable of being conferred.

CONFERREE
Con`fer*ree", n.

Defn: Same as Conferee.

CONFERRER
Con*fer"rer, n.

1. One who confers; one who converses. Johnson.

2. One who bestows; a giver.

CONFERRUMINATE; CONFERRUMINATED
Con`fer*ru"mi*nate, Con`fer*ru"mi*na`ted, a. Etym: [L. conferruminare
to cement. See Ferruminate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Closely united by the coalescence, or sticking together, of
contiguous faces, as in the case of the cotyledons of the live-oak
acorn.

CONFERVA
Con*fer"va, n.; pl. Confervæ. Etym: [L., a kind of water plant. See
Comfrey.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any unbranched, slender, green plant of the fresh-water algae.
The word is frequently used in a wider sense.

CONFERVACEOUS
Con`fer*va"ceous, a.

Defn: Belonging to the confervae.

CONFERVOID
Con*fer"void, a. Etym: [Conferva + -oid.]

Defn: Like, or related to, the confervae. Loudon.

CONFERVOUS
Con*fer"vous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to confervae; consisting of, or resembling, the
confervae.
Yon exiguous pool's confervous scum. O. W. Holmes.

CONFESS
Con*fess", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Confessed; p.pr. & vb.n. Confessing.]
Etym: [F. confesser, fr. L. confessus, p.p. of confiteri to confess;
con- + fateri to confess; akin to fari to speak. See 2d Ban, Fame.]

1. To make acknowledgment or avowal in a matter pertaining to one's
self; to acknowledge, own, or admit, as a crime, a fault, a debt.
And there confess Humbly our faults, and pardon beg. Milton.
I must confess I was most pleased with a beautiful prospect that none
of them have mentioned. Addison.

2. To acknowledge faith in; to profess belief in.
Whosoever, therefore, shall confess me before men, him will I
confess, also, before my Father which is in heaven. Matt. x. 32.
For the Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, neither angel,
nor spirit; but the Pharisees confess both. Acts xxiii. 8.

3. To admit as true; to assent to; to acknowledge, as after a
previous doubt, denial, or concealment.
I never gave it him. Send for him hither, And let him confess a
truth. Shak.
As I confess it needs must be. Tennyson.
As an actor confessed without rival to shine. Goldsmith.

4. (Eccl.)
(a) To make known or acknowledge, as one's sins to a priest, in order
to receive absolution; -- sometimes followed by the reflexive
pronoun.
Our beautiful votary took an opportunity of confessing herself to
this celebrated father. Addison.

(b) To hear or receive such confession; -- said of a priest.
He . . . heard mass, and the prince, his son, with him, and the most
part of his company were confessed. Ld. Berners.

5. To disclose or reveal, as an effect discloses its cause; to prove;
to attest.
Tall thriving trees confessed the fruitful mold. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Admit; grant; concede; avow; own; assent; recognize; prove;
exhibit; attest.
 -- To Confess, Acknowledge, Avow. Acknowledge is opposed to conceal.
We acknowledge what we feel must or ought to be made known. (See
Acknowledge.) Avow is opposed to withhold. We avow when we make an
open and public declaration, as against obloquy or opposition; as, to
avow one's principles; to avow one's participation in some act.
Confess is opposed to deny. We confess (in the ordinary sense of the
word) what we feel to have been wrong; as, to confess one's errors or
faults. We sometimes use confess and acknowledge when there is no
admission of our being in the wrong; as, this, I confess, is my
opinion; I acknowledge I have always thought so; but in these cases
we mean simply to imply that others may perhaps think us in the
wrong, and hence we use the words by way of deference to their
opinions. It was in this way that the early Christians were led to
use the Latin confiteor and confessio fidei to denote the public
declaration of their faith in Christianity; and hence the
corresponding use in English of the verb confess and the noun
confession.

CONFESS
Con*fess", v. i.

1. To make confession; to disclose sins or faults, or the state of
the conscience.
Every tongue shall confess to God. Rom. xiv. 11.

2. To acknowledge; to admit; to concede.
But since (And I confess with right) you think me bound. Tennyson.

CONFESSANT
Con*fess"ant, n. Etym: [F. confessant.]

Defn: One who confesses to a priest. [Obs.] Bacon.

CONFESSARY
Con*fess"a*ry, n. Etym: [LL. confessarius.]

Defn: One who makes a confession. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

CONFESSEDLY
Con*fess"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: By confession; without denial. [Written also confessly.]

CONFESSER
Con*fess"er, n.

Defn: One who makes a confession.

CONFESSION
Con*fes"sion, n. Etym: [F. confession, L. confessio.]

1. Acknowledgment; avowal, especially in a matter pertaining to one's
self; the admission of a debt, obligation, or crime.
With a crafty madness keeps aloof, When we would bring him on to some
confession Of his true state. Shak.

2. Acknowledgment of belief; profession of one's faith.
With the mouth confession is made unto salvation. Rom. x. 10.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: The act of disclosing sins or faults to a priest in order to
obtain sacramental absolution.
Auricular confession . . . or the private and special confession of
sins to a priest for the purpose of obtaining his absolution. Hallam.

4. A formulary in which the articles of faith are comprised; a creed
to be assented to or signed, as a preliminary to admission to
membership of a church; a confession of faith.

5. (Law)

Defn: An admission by a party to whom an act is imputed, in relation
to such act. A judicial confession settles the issue to which it
applies; an extrajudical confession may be explained or rebutted.
Wharton. Confession and avoidance (Law), a mode of pleading in which
the party confesses the facts as stated by his adversary, but alleges
some new matter by way of avoiding the legal effect claimed for them.
Mozley & W. Confession of faith, a formulary containing the articles
of faith; a creed.
 -- General confession, the confession of sins made by a number of
persons in common, as in public prayer.
 -- Westminster Confession. See Westminster Assembly, under Assembly.

CONFESSIONAL
Con*fes"sion*al, n. Etym: [F. confessional.]

Defn: The recess, seat, or inclosed place, where a priest sits to
hear confessions; often a small structure furnished with a seat for
the priest and with a window or aperture so that the penitent who is
outside may whisper into the priest's ear without being seen by him
or heard by others.

CONFESSIONAL
Con*fes"sion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a confession of faith. Confessional equality,
equality before the law of persons confessing different creeds.

CONFESSIONALISM
Con*fes"sion*al*ism, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: An exaggerated estimate of the importance of giving full assent
to any particular formula of the Christian faith. Shaff.

CONFESSIONALIST
Con*fes"sion*al*ist, n.

Defn: A priest hearing, or sitting to hear, confession. [R.] Boucher

CONFESSIONARY
Con*fes"sion*a*ry, n. Etym: [LL. confessionarium.]

Defn: A confessional. [Obs.] Johnson.

CONFESSIONARY
Con*fes"sion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to auricular confession; as, a confessionary litany.

CONFESSIONIST
Con*fes"sion*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. confessioniste.]

Defn: One professing a certain faith. Bp. Montagu.

CONFESSOR
Con*fess"or, n. Etym: [OF. confessor, F. confesseur, fr. L. & LL.
confessor.]

1. One who confesses; one who acknowledges a fault, or the truth of a
charge, at the risk of suffering; specifically, one who confesses
himself a follower of Christ and endures persecution for his faith.
He who dies for religion is a martyr; he who suffers for it is a
confessor. Latham.
Our religion which hath been sealed with the blood of so many martyrs
and confessors. Bacon.

2. A priest who hears the confessions of others and is authorized to
grant them absolution.

CONFESSORSHIP
Con*fess"or*ship, n.

Defn: The act or state of suffering persecution for religious faith.
Our duty to contend even to confessorship. J. H. Newman.

CONFESTLY
Con*fest"ly, adv.

Defn: See Cofessedly.

CONFETTI
Con*fet"ti, n. pl.; sing. -fetto. [It. Cf. Comfit.]

Defn: Bonbons; sweetmeats; confections; also, plaster or paper
imitations of, or substitutes for, bonbons, often used by carnival
revelers, at weddings, etc.

CONFIDANT; CONFIDANTE
Con`fi*dant"; 277), n. masc., Con`fi*dante", n. fem.Etym: [F.
confident, confidente, formerly also spelt confidant, confidante. See
Confide, and cf. Confident.]

Defn: One to whom secrets, especially those relating to affairs of
love, are confided or intrusted; a confidential or bosom friend.
You love me for no other end Than to become my confidant and friend;
As such I keep no secret from your sight. Dryden.

CONFIDE
Con*fide", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Confided; p.pr. & vb.n. Confiding.]
Etym: [L. confidere; con- + fidere to trust. See Faith, and cf.
Affiance.]

Defn: To put faith (in); to repose confidence; to trust; -- usually
followed by in; as, the prince confides in his ministers.
By thy command I rise or fall, In thy protection I confide. Byron.
Judge before friendships, then confide till death. Young.

CONFIDE
Con*fide", v. t.

Defn: To intrust; to give in charge; to commit to one's keeping; --
followed by to.
Congress may . . . confide to the Circuit jurisdiction of all
offenses against the United States. Story.

CONFIDENCE
Con"fi*dence, n. Etym: [L. confidentia firm trust in, self-
confidence: cf. F. confidence.]

1. The act of confiding, trusting, or putting faith in; trust;
reliance; belief; -- formerly followed by of, now commonly by in.
Society is built upon trust, and trust upon confidence of one
another's integrity. South.
A cheerful confidence in the mercy of God. Macaulay.

2. That in which faith is put or reliance had.
The Lord shall be thy confidence. Prov. iii. 26.

3. The state of mind characterized by one's reliance on himself, or
his circumstamces; a feeling of self-sufficiency; such assurance as
leads to a feeling of security; self-reliance; -- often with self
prefixed.
Your wisdom is consumed in confidence; Do not go forth to-day. Shak.
But confidence then bore thee on secure Either to meet no danger, or
to find Matter of glorious trial. Milton.

4. Private conversation; (pl.) secrets shared; as, there were
confidences between them.
Sir, I desire some confidence with you. Shak.
Confidence game, any swindling operation in which advantage is taken
of the confidence reposed by the victim in the swindler.
 -- Confidence man, a swindler.
 -- To take into one's confidence, to admit to a knowledge of one's
feelings, purposes, or affairs.

Syn.
 -- Trust; assurance; expectation; hope.
I am confident that very much be done. Boyle.

2. Trustful; without fear or suspicion; frank; unreserved.
Be confident to speak, Northumberland; We three are but thyself.
Shak.

3. Having self-reliance; bold; undaunted.
As confident as is the falcon's flight Against a bird, do I with
Mowbray fight. Shak.

4. Having an excess of assurance; bold to a fault; dogmatical;
impudent; presumptuous.
The fool rageth and is confident. Prov. xiv. 16.

5. Giving occasion for confidence. [R.]
The cause was more confident than the event was prosperious. Jer.
Taylor.

CONFIDENT
Con"fi*dent, n.

Defn: See Confidant. South. Dryden.

CONFIDENTIAL
Con`fi*den"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. confidentiel.]

1. Enjoying, or treated with, confidence; trusted in; trustworthy;
as, a confidential servant or clerk.

2. Communicated in confidence; secret. "Confidential messages."
Burke. Confidential communication (Law) See Privileged communication,
under Privileged.
 -- Confidential creditors, those whose claims are of such a
character that they are entitled to be paid before other creditors.
 -- Confidential debts, debts incurred for borrowed money, and
regarded as having a claim to be paid before other debts. McElrath.

CONFIDENTIALLY
Con`fi*den"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In confidence; in reliance on secrecy.

CONFIDENTLY
Con"fi*dent*ly, adv.

Defn: With confidence; with strong assurance; positively.

CONFIDENTNESS
Con"fi*dent*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being confident.

CONFIDER
Con*fid"er, n.

Defn: One who confides.

CONFIDING
Con*fid"ing, a.

Defn: That confides; trustful; unsuspicious.
 -- Con*fid"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Con*fid"ing*ness, n.

CONFIGURATE
Con*fig"ur*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. configuratus, p.p. of configurare to
form or after; con- + figurare to form, figura form. See Figure.]

Defn: To take form or position, as the parts of a complex structure;
to agree with a pattern.
Known by the name of uniformity; Where pyramids to pyramids relate
And the whole fabric doth configurate. Jordan.

CONFIGURATION
Con*fig`u*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. configuratio.]

1. Form, as depending on the relative disposition of the parts of a
thing' shape; figure.
It is the variety of configurations [of the mouth] . . . which gives
birth and origin to the several vowels. Harris.

2. (Astrol.)

Defn: Relative position or aspect of the planets; the face of the
horoscope, according to the relative positions of the planets at any
time.
They [astrologers] undertook . . . to determine the course of a man's
character and life from the configuration of the stars at the moment
of his birth. Whewell.

CONFIGURE
Con*fig"ure, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Configured; p.pr. & vb.n.
Configuring.] Etym: [L. configurare: cf. F. configurer. See
Configurate.]

Defn: To arrange or dispose in a certain form, figure, or shape.
Bentley.

CONFINABLE
Con*fin"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being confined, restricted, or limited.
Not confinable to any limits. Bp. Hall.

CONFINE
Con*fine", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Confined; p.pr. & vb.n. Confining.]
Etym: [F. confiner to border upon, LL. confinare to set bounds to;
con- + finis boundary, end. See Final, Finish.]

Defn: To restrain within limits; to restrict; to limit; to bound; to
shut up; to inclose; to keep close.
Now let not nature's hand Keep the wild flood confined! let order
die! Shak.
He is to confine himself to the compass of numbers and the slavery of
rhyme. Dryden.
To be confined, to be in childbed.

Syn.
 -- To bound; limit; restrain; imprison; immure; inclose;
circumscribe; restrict.

CONFINE
Con"fine or

Defn: (v. i. To have a common boundary; to border; to lie contiguous;
to touch; -- followed by on or with. [Obs.]
Where your g;oomy bounds Confine with heaven. Milton.
Beywixt hezven and earth and skies there stands a place. Confuining
on all three. Dryden.

CONFINE
Con"fine, n.

1. Common boundary; border; limit; -- used chiefly in the plural.
Events that came to pass within the confines of Judea. Locke.
And now in little space The confines met of emryrean heaven, And of
this world. Milton.
On the confines of the city and the Temple. Macaulay.

2. Apartment; place of restraint; prison. [Obs.]
Confines, wards, and dungeons. Shak.
The extravagant and erring spirit hies To his confine. Shak.

CONFINELESS
Con"fine`less ( or ), a.

Defn: Without limitation or end; boundless. Shak.

CONFINEMENT
Con*fine"ment, n.

1. Restraint within limits; imprisonment; any restraint of liberty;
seclusion.
The mind hates restraint, and is apt to fancy itself under
confinement when the sight is pent up. Addison.

2. Restraint within doors by sickness, esp. that caused by
childbirth; lying-in.

CONFINER
Con*fin"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, limits or restrains.

CONFINER
Con"fi`ner ( or , n.

Defn: One who lives on confines, or near the border of a country; a
borderer; a near neighbor. [Obs.] Bacon.
Happy confiners you of other lands, That shift your soil, and oft
'scape tyrants' hands. Daniel.

CONFINITY
Con*fin"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. confinité.]

Defn: Community of limits; contiguity. [R.] Bailey.

CONFIRM
Con*firm", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Confrmed; p.pr. & vb.n. Confirming.]
Etym: [OE. confermen, confirmen, OF. confermer, F. confirmer, fr. L.
confirmare; con- + firmare to make firm, fr. firmus firm. See Firm.]

1. To make firm or firmer; to add strength to; to establish; as,
health is confirmed by exercise.
Confirm the crown to me and to mine heirs. Shak.
Annd confirmed the same unto Jacob for a law. Ps. cv. 10.

2. To strengthen in judgment or purpose.
Confirmed, then, I resolve Adam shall share with me in bliss or woe.
Milton.

3. To give new assurance of the truth of; to render certain; to
verify; to corroborate; as, to confirm a rumor.
Your eyes shall witness and confirm my tale. Pope.
These likelihoods confirm her flight. Shak.

4. To render valid by formal assent; to complete by a necessary
sanction; to ratify; as, to confirm the appoinment of an official;
the Senate confirms a treaty.
That treaty so prejudicial ought to have been remitted rather than
confimed. Swift.

5. (Eccl.)

Defn: To administer the rite of confirmation to. See Confirmation, 3.
Those which are thus confirmed are thereby supposed to be fit for
admission to the sacrament. Hammond.

Syn.
 -- To strengthen; corroborate; substantiate; establish; fix; ratify;
settle; verify; assure.

CONFIRMABLE
Con*firm"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be confirmed.

CONFIRMANCE
Con*firm"ance, n.

Defn: Confirmation. [Obs.]

CONFIRMATION
Con`fir*ma"tion, n. Etym: [F. confirmation, L. confirmatio.]

1. The act of confirming or strengthening; the act of establishing,
ratifying, or sanctioning; as, the confirmation of an appointment.
Their blood is shed In confirmation of the noblest claim. Cowper.

2. That which confirms; that which gives new strength or assurance;
as to a statement or belief; additional evidence; proof; convincing
testimony.
Trifles light as air Are to the jealous confirmations strong As
proofs of holy writ. Shak.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: A rite supplemental to baptism, by which a person is admitted,
through the laying on of the hands of a bishop, to the full
privileges of the church, as in the Roman Catholic, the Episcopal
Church, etc.
This ordinance is called confirmation, because they who duly receive
it are confirmed or strengthened for the fulfillment of their
Christian duties, by the grace therein bestowed upon them. Hook.

4. (Law)

Defn: A conveyance by which a voidable estate is made sure and not
voliable, or by which a particular estate is increased; a contract,
express or implied, by which a person makes that firm and binding
which was before voidable.

CONFIRMATIVE
Con*firm"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. confirmativus: cf. F. confirmatif.]

Defn: Tending confirm or establish. Sherwood.
 -- Con*firm"a*tive*ly, adv.

CONFIRMATOR
Con"fir*ma`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who, or that which, confirms; a confirmer. Sir T. Browne.

CONFIRMATORY
Con*firm"a*to*ry, a. .

Defn: Serving to confirm; corroborative.
A fact confirmatory of the conclusion. I. Taylor.

2. Pertaining to the rite of confirmation. Compton.

CONFIRMEDLY
Con*firm"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: With confirmation.

CONFIRMEDNESS
Con*firm"ed*ness, n.

Defn: A fixed state.

CONFIRMEE
Con`fir*mee", n. Etym: [F. confirm, p.p. of confirmer.] (Law)

Defn: One to whom anuthing is confirmed.

CONFIRMER
Con*firm"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, confirms, establishes, or ratifies; one
who corroborates. Shak.

CONFIRMINGLY
Con*firm"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a confirming manner.

CONFISCABLE
Con*fis"ca*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. confiscable.]

Defn: Capable of being confiscated; liable to forfeiture.

CONFISCATE
Con"fis*cate ( or , a. Etym: [L. confiscatus, p.p. of confiscare to
confiscate, prop., to lay up in a chest; con- + fiscus basket, purse,
treasury. See Fiscal.]

Defn: Seized and appropriated by the government to the public use;
forfeited.
Lest that your goods too soon be confiscate. Shak.

CONFISCATE
Con"fis*cate ( or , v. t. [imp & p. p. Confiscated; p.pr & vb. n.
Confiscating.]

Defn: To seize as forfeited to the public treasury; to appropriate to
the public use.
It was judged that he should be banished and his whole estate
confiscated and seized. Bacon.

CONFISCATION
Con`fis*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. confiscatio.]

Defn: The act or process of taking property or condemning it to be
taken, as forfeited to the public use.
The confiscations following a subdued rebellion. Hallam.

CONFISCATOR
Con"fis*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L., a treasurer.]

Defn: One who confiscates. Burke.

CONFISCATORY
Con*fis"ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Effecting confiscation; characterized by confiscations.
"Confiscatory and exterminatory periods." Burke.

CONFIT
Con"fit, n.

Defn: Same as Comfit. [Obs.]

CONFITENT
Con"fi*tent, n. Etym: [L. confitens, p.pr.]

Defn: One who confesses his sins and faults. [Obs.]

CONFITEOR
Con*fit"e*or, n. Etym: [L., I confess. See Confess.] (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: A form of prayer in which public confession of sins is made.

CONFITURE
Con"fi*ture ( or , n.

Defn: The state or quality of being congenial; natural affinity;
adaptation; suitableness. Sir J. Reynolds.
If congeniality of tastes could have made a marriage happy, that
union should have been thrice blessed. Motley.

CONFIX
Con*fix", v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Confixed; p. pr. & vb. n. Confixing.]
[L. confixus, p. p. of configere to fasten together.]

Defn: To fix; to fasten. [Obs.]  Shak.

CONFIXURE
Con*fix"ure (; 135), n.

Defn: Act of fastening. [Obs.]

CONFLAGRANT
Con*fla"grant, a. [L. conflagrans, p. pr. of conflagrare; con- +
flagrare to blaze. See Flagrant.]

Defn: Burning together in a common flame. [R.] "The conflagrant
mass."  Milton.

CONFLAGRATION
Con`fla*gra"tion, n. [L. conflagratio: cf. F. conflagration.]

Defn: A fire extending to many objects, or over a large space; a
general burning.

Till one wide conflagration swallows all.
Pope.

CONFLATE
Con*flate", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Conflated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Conflating.] [L. conflatus, p. p. of conflare to blow together; con-
+ flare to blow.]

Defn: To blow together; to bring together; to collect;  to fuse
together; to join or weld; to consolidate.

The State-General, created and conflated by the passionate effort of
the whole nation.
Carlyle.

CONFLATION
Con*fla"tion, n. [L. conflatio.]

Defn: A blowing together, as of many instruments in a concert, or of
many fires in a foundry. [R.]  Bacon.

CONFLICT
Con"flict, n. [L. conflictus a striking together, fr. confligere, -
flictum, to strike together, to fight: cf. F. conflit, formerly also
conflict. See Conflict, v.]

1. A striking or dashing together; violent collision; as, a conflict
of elements or waves.

2.  A strife for the mastery; hostile contest; battle; struggle;
fighting.

As soon as he [Atterbury] was himself again, he became eager for
action and conflict.
Macaulay.

An irrepressible conflict between opposing and enduring forces.
W. H. Seward.

Conflict of laws, that branch of jurisprudence which deals with
individual litigation claimed to be subject to the conflicting laws
of two or more states or nations; -- often used as synonymous with
Private international law.

Syn. -- Contest; collision; struggle; combat; strife; contention;
battle; fight; encounter. See Contest.

CONFLICT
Con*flict", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Conflicted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Conflicting.] [L. conflictus, p. p. of confligere to conflict (cf.
conflictare); con- + fligere to strike; cf. Gr. fli`bein, qli`bein,
to press, L. flagrum whip.]

1. To strike or dash together; to meet in violent collision; to
collide. Shak.

Fire and water conflicting together.
Bacon.

2.  To maintain a conflict; to contend; to engage in strife or
opposition; to struggle.

A man would be content to . . . conflict with great difficulties, in
hopes of a mighty reward.
Abp. Tillotson.

3.  To be in opposition; to be contradictory.

The laws of the United States and of the individual States may, in
some cases, conflict with each other.
Wheaton.

Syn. -- To fight; contend; contest; resist; struggle; combat; strive;
battle.

CONFLICTING
Con*flict"ing, a.

Defn: Being in conflict or collision, or in opposition; contending;
contradictory; incompatible; contrary; opposing.

Torn with sundry conflicting passions.
Bp. Hurd.

CONFLICTIVE
Con*flict"ive, a.

Defn: Tending to conflict; conflicting.  Sir W. Hamilton.

CONFLUENCE
Con"flu*ence, n. [L. confluentia.]

1. The act of flowing together; the meeting or junction of two or
more streams; the place of meeting.

New York stood at the confluence of two rivers.
Bancroft.

2.  Any running together of separate streams or currents; the act of
meeting and crowding in a place; hence, a crowd; a concourse; an
assemblage.

You see this confluence, this great flood of vistors.
Shak.

The confluence . . . of all true joys.
Boyle.

CONFLUENT
Con"flu*ent, a. [L. confluens, -entis, p. pr. of confluere, -fluxum;
con- + fluere to flow.  See Fluent.]

1. Flowing together; meeting in their course; running one into
another.

These confluent steams make some great river's head.
Blackmore.

2.  (Bot.) Blended into one; growing together, so as to obliterate
all distinction.

3.  (Med.)
 (a) Running together or uniting, as pimples or pustules.
 (b) Characterized by having the pustules, etc., run together or
unite, so as to cover the surface; as, confluent smallpox.
Dunglison.

CONFLUENT
Con"flu*ent, n.

1. A small steam which flows into a large one.

2.  The place of meeting of steams, currents, etc. [Obs.]  Holland.

CONFLUX
Con"flux, n. [From L. confluxus, p. p. See Confluent.]

1. A flowing together; a meeting of currents. "The conflux of meeting
sap."  Shak.

The general conflux and concourse of the whole people.
Clarendon.

2.  A large assemblage; a passing multitude.

To the gates cast round thine eye, and see
What conflux issuing forth, or entering in.
Milton.

CONFLUXIBILITY
Con*flux`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The  tendency of fluids to run together. [R.] Boyle.

CONFLUXIBLE
Con*flux"i*ble, a.

Defn: Inclined to flow or run together. --Con*flux"i*ble*ness, n.

CONFOCAL
Con*fo"cal, a. (Math.)

Defn: Having the same foci; as, confocal quadrics.

CONFORM
Con*form", a. [L. conformis; con- + forma form: cf. F. conforme.]

Defn: Of the same form; similar in import; conformable.  Bacon.

Care must be taken that the interpretation be every way conform to
the analogy of faith.
Bp.Hall.

CONFORM
Con*form", v. i.

1. To be in accord or harmony; to comply; to be obedient; to submit;
-- with to or with.

A rule to which experience must conform.
Whewell.

2.  (Eng. Eccl. Hist.) To comply with the usages of the Established
Church; to be a conformist.

About two thousand ministers whose consciences did not suffer them to
conform were driven from their benefices in a day.
Macaulay.

CONFORM
Con*form", v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Conformed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Conforming.] [F. conformer, L. conformare, -formatum; con- + formare
to form, forma form. See Form.]

Defn: To shape in accordance with; to make like; to bring into
harmony or agreement with; -- usually with to or unto.

Demand of them wherefore they conform not themselves unto the order
of the church.
Hooker.

CONFORMABILITY
Con*form`a*bil"i*ty, n.

1. The state of being conformable.

2.  (Geol.) The parallelism of two sets of strata which are in
contact.

CONFORMABLE
Con*form"a*ble, a.

1. Corresponding in form, character, opinions, etc.; similar; like;
consistent; proper or suitable; --usually followed by to.

The fragments of Sappho give us a taste of her way of writing
perfectly conformable with that character.
Addison.

Conformable to Scripture as well as to philosophy.
Whewell.

To make matters somewhat conformable for the old knight.
Sir W. Scott.

2. Disposed to compliance or obedience; ready to follow directions;
submissive; compliant.

I have been to you a true and humble wife,
At all times to your will conformable.
Shak.

3.  (Geol.) Parallel, or nearly so; -- said of strata in contact.

CONFORMABLENESS
Con*form"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being conformable; conformability.

CONFORMABLY
Con*form"a*bly, adv.

Defn: With conformity or in conformity; suitably; agreeably.

Conformably to the law and nature of God.
Bp. Beveridge.

CONFORMANCE
Con*form"ance, n.

Defn: Conformity. [R.]  Marston.

CONFORMATE
Con*form"ate, a. [L. conformatus, p. p.  See Conform.]

Defn: Having the same form. [R.]

CONFORMATION
Con`for*ma"tion, n. [L. conformatio: cf. F. conformation.]

1. The act of conforming; the act of producing conformity.

The conformation of our hearts and lives to the duties of true
religion and morality.
I. Watts.

2.  The state of being conformed; agreement; hence; structure, as
depending on the arrangement of parts; form; arrangement.

In Hebrew poetry, there may be observed a certain conformation of the
sentences.
Lowth.

A structure and conformation of the earth.
Woodward.

CONFORMATOR
Con"for*ma`tor, n. [L., a framer.]

Defn: An apparatus for taking the conformation of anything, as of the
head for fitting a hat, or, in craniometry, finding the largest
horizontal area of the head.

CONFORMER
Con*form"er, n.

Defn: One who conforms; one who complies with established forms or
doctrines.

CONFORMIST
Con*form"ist, n.

Defn: One who conforms or complies; esp., one who conforms to the
Church of England, or to the Established Church, as distinguished
from a dissenter or nonconformist.

A cheeful conformist to your judgment.
Jer.Taylor.

CONFORMITY
Con*form"i*ty, n.; pl. Conformities (#). [Cf. F. conformité.]

1. Correspondence in form, manner, or character; resemblance;
agreement; congruity; -- followed by to, with, or between.

By our conformity to God.
Tillotson.

The end of all religion is but to draw us to a conformity with God.
Dr. H.More.

A conformity between the mental taste and the sensitive taste.
Addison.

2.  (Eng. Eccl. Hist.) Compliance with the usages of the Established
Church.

The king [James I.] soon afterward put forth a proclamation requiring
all ecclesiastical and civil officers to do their duty by enforcing
conformity.
Hallam.

CONFORTATION
Con`for*ta"tion, n. [Cf. F. confortation, LL. confortatio. Cf.
Comfort.]

Defn: The act of strengthening. [Obs.]  Bacon.

CONFOUND
Con*found" (kon*found"), v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Confounded; p. pr. &
vb. n. Confounding.] [F. confondre, fr. L. confundere, -fusum, to
pour together; con- + fundere to pour. See Fuse to melt, and cf.
Confuse.]

1. To mingle and blend, so that different elements can not be
distinguished; to confuse.

They who strip not ideas from the marks men use for them, but
confound them with words, must have endless dispute.
Locke.

Let us go down, and there confound their language.
Gen. xi. 7.

2.  To mistake for another; to identify falsely.

They [the tinkers] were generally vagrants and pilferers, and were
often confounded with the gypsies.
Macaulay.

3.  To throw into confusion or disorder; to perplex; to strike with
amazement; to dismay.

The gods confound...
The Athenians both within and out that wall.
Shak.

They trusted in thee and were not confounded.
Ps. xxii. 5.

So spake the Son of God, and Satan stood
A while as mute, confounded what to say.
Milton.

4.  To destroy; to ruin; to waste. [Obs.]

One man's lust these many lives confounds.
Shak.

How couldst thou in a mile confound an hour
Shak.

Syn. -- To abash; confuse; baffle; dismay; astonish; defeat; terrify;
mix; blend; intermingle. See Abash.

CONFOUNDED
Con*found"ed, a.

1. Confused; perplexed.

A cloudy and confounded philosopher.
Cudworth.

2.  Excessive; extreme; abominable. [Colloq.]

He was a most confounded tory.
Swift.

The tongue of that confounded woman.
Sir. W. Scott.

CONFOUNDEDLY
Con*found"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Extremely; odiously; detestably. [Colloq.] "Confoundedly sick."
Goldsmith.

CONFOUNDEDNESS
Con*found"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being confounded.

Their witty descant of my confoundedness.
Milton.

CONFOUNDER
Con*found"er, n.

Defn: One who confounds.

CONFRACT
Con"fract`, a. [L. confractus, p. p. of confringere.]

Defn: Broken in pieces; severed. [Obs.]

CONFRAGOSE
Con`fra*gose", a. [L. confragosus; con- + fragosus, fr. frangere. See
Fragile.]

Defn: Broken; uneven. [Obs.] "Confragose cataracts."  Evelyn.

CONFRATERNITY
Con`fra*ter"ni*ty, n.; pl. Confraternities (#). [LL. confraternitas:
cf. F. confraternité. See Fraternity.]

Defn: A society or body of men united for some purpose, or in some
profession; a brotherhood.

These live in one society and confraternity.
Stow.

CONFRERE
Con`frere", n. [F.]

Defn: Fellow member of a fraternity; intimate associate.

CONFRICATION
Con`fri*ca"tion, n. [L. confricatio, fr. confricare to rub
vigorously.]

Defn: A rubbing together; friction. [Obs.] Bacon.

CONFRIER
Con*fri"er, n. [Cf. F. confrère. See Friar.]

Defn: A confrère. [Obs.]  Weever.

CONFRONT
Con*front", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Confronted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Confronting.] [F. confronter; L. con- + frons the forehead or front.
See Front.]

1. To stand facing or in front of; to face; esp. to face hostilely;
to oppose with firmness.

We four, indeed, confronted were with four
In Russian habit.
Shak.

He spoke and then confronts the bull.
Dryden.

Hester caught hold of Pearl, and drew her forcibly into her arms,
confronting the old Puritan magistrate with almost a fierce
expression.
Hawthorne.

It was impossible at once to confront the might of France and to
trample on the liberties of England.
Macaulay.

2.  To put face to face; to cause to face or to meet; as, to confront
one with the proofs of his wrong doing.

3.  To set in opposition for examination; to put in contrast; to
compare.

When I confront a medal with a verse, I only show you the same design
executed by different hands.
Addison.

CONFRONTATION
Con`fron*ta"tion, n. [LL. confrontatio.]

Defn: Act of confronting.  H. Swinburne.

CONFRONTE
Con`fron`té", a. [F., p. p. confronter.] (Her.)

Defn: Same as Affronté.

CONFRONTER
Con*front"er, n.

Defn: One who confronts.

A confronter in authority.
Speed.

CONFRONTING
confronting n.

Defn: dealing with (a person or problem) directly; taking the bull by
the horns.
Syn. -- braving, coping with, grappling, tackling.
[WordNet 1.5 +PJC]

CONFRONTMENT
Con*front"ment, n.

Defn: The act of confronting; the state of being face to face.

CONFRONTMENT
Con*front"ment, n.

Defn: The act of confronting; the state of being face to face.

CONFUCIAN
Con*fu"cian, a.

Defn: Of, or relating to, Confucius, the great Chinese philosopher
and teacher. -- n.

Defn: A Confucianist.

CONFUCIANISM
Con*fu"cian*ism, n.

Defn: The political morality taught by Confucius and his disciples,
which forms the basis of the Chinese jurisprudence and education. It
can hardly be called a religion, as it does not inculcate the worship
of any god.  S. W. Williams.

CONFUCIANIST
Con*fu"cian*ist, n.

Defn: A follower of Confucius; a Confucian.  S. W. Williams.

CONFUS
Con*fus, a. [F. See Confuse, a.]

Defn: Confused, disturbed. [Obs.]  Chaucer.

CONFUSABILITY
Con*fus`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being confused.

CONFUSABLE
Con*fus"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being confused.

CONFUSE
Con*fuse", a. [F. confus, L. confusus, p. p. of confundere. See
Confound.]

Defn: Mixed; confounded. [Obs.] Baret.

CONFUSE
Con*fuse", v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Confused; p. pr. & vb. n. Confusing.]

1. To mix or blend so that things can not be distinguished; to jumble
together; to confound; to render indistinct or obscure; as, to
confuse accounts; to confuse one's vision.

A universal hubbub wild
Of stunning sounds and voices all confused.
Milton.

2.  To perplex; to disconcert; to abash; to cause to lose self-
possession.

Nor thou with shadowed hint confuse
A life that leads melodious days.
Tennyson.

Confused and sadly she at length replied.
Pope.

Syn. -- To abash; disorder; disarrange; disconcert; confound;
obscure; distract. See Abash.

CONFUSEDLY
Con*fus"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a confused manner.

CONFUSEDNESS
Con*fus"ed*ness, n.

Defn: A state of confusion.  Norris.

CONFUSELY
Con*fuse"ly, adv.

Defn: Confusedly; obscurely. [Obs.]

CONFUSION
Con*fu"sion, n. [F. confusion, L. confusio.]

1. The state of being mixed or blended so as to produce
indistinctness or error; indistinct combination; disorder; tumult.

The confusion of thought to which the Aristotelians were liable.
Whewell.

Moody beggars starving for a time
Of pellmell havoc and confusion.
Shak.

2.  The state of being abashed or disconcerted; loss self-possession;
perturbation; shame.

Confusion dwelt in every face
And fear in every heart.
Spectator.

3.  Overthrow; defeat; ruin.

Ruin seize thee, ruthless king,
Confusion on thy banners wait.
Gray.

4.  One who confuses; a confounder. [Obs.]  Chapmen.

Confusion of goods (Law), the intermixture of the goods of two or
more persons, so that their respective portions can no longer be
distinguished. Blackstone.  Bouvier.

CONFUSIVE
Con*fu"sive, a.

Defn: Confusing; having a tendency to confusion.  Bp. Hall.

CONFUTABLE
Con*fut"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be confuted.

A conceit . . . confutable by daily experience.
Sir T.Browne.

CONFUTANT
Con*fut"ant, n. [L. confutans, p. pr. of confutare.]

Defn: One who undertakes to confute.  Milton.

CONFUTATION
Con`fu*ta"tion, n. [L. confutatio: cf. F. confutation.]

Defn: The act or process of confuting; refutation.  "For the
edification of some and the confutation of others."  Bp. Horne.

CONFUTATIVE
Con*fut"a*tive, a.

Defn: Adapted or designed to confute.  Bp. Warburton

CONFUTE
Con*fute, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Confuted; p. pr. & vb. n. Confuting.]
[L. confutare to chek (a boiling liquid), to repress, confute; con- +
a root seen in futis a water vessel), prob. akin to fundere to pour:
cf. F. confuter. See Fuse to melt.]

Defn: To overwhelm by argument; to refute conclusively; to prove or
show to be false or defective; to overcome; to silence.

Satan stood . . . confuted and convinced
Of his weak arguing fallacious drift.
Milton.

No man's error can be confuted who doth not . . . grant some true
principle that contradicts his error.
Chillingworth.

I confute a good profession with a bad conversation.
Fuller.

Syn. -- To disprove; overthrow; sed aside; refute; oppugn. -- To
Confute, Refute. Refute is literally to and decisive evidence; as, to
refute a calumny, charge, etc. Confute is literally to check boiling,
as when cold water is poured into hot, thus serving to allay, bring
down, or neutralize completely. Hence, as applied to arguments (and
the word is never applied, like refute, to charges), it denotes, to
overwhelm by evidence which puts an end to the case and leaves an
opponent nothing to say; to silence; as, "the atheist is confuted by
the whole structure of things around him."

CONFUTEMENT
Con*fute"ment, n.

Defn: Confutation. [Obs.]  Milton.

CONFUTER
Con*fut"er, n.

Defn: One who confutes or disproves.

CONG
Cong, n. (Med.)

Defn: An abbreviation of Congius.

CONGE
Con"ge, v. i. [Imp. & p. p. Congeed; p. pr. & vb. n. Congeing.] [OF.
congier, congeer, F. congédier, fr. congé. See Congé, n.]

Defn: To take leave with the customary civilities; to bow or
courtesy.

I have congeed with the duke, done my adieu with his  nearest.
Shak.

CONGE
Con`gé" (kôN`zhay"; E. kon"je; 277), n. [F., leave, permission, fr.
L. commeatus a going back and forth, a leave of absence, furlough,
fr. commeare, -meatum, to go and come; com- + meare to go. Cf.
Permeate.] [Formerly written congie.]

1. The act of taking leave; parting ceremony; farewell; also,
dismissal.

Should she pay off old Briggs and give her her congé
Thackeray.

2.  The customary act of civility on any occasion; a bow or a
courtesy.

The captain salutes you with congé profound.
Swift.

3.  (Arch.) An apophyge. Gwilt.

Congé d'élire [F., leave to choose] (Eccl.), the sovereign's license
or permission to a dean and chapter to choose as bishop the person
nominated in the missive.

CONGEABLE
Con"ge*a*ble, a. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: Permissible; done lawfully; as, entry congeable.

CONGEAL
Con*geal", v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Congealed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Congealing.] [F. congeler, L. congelare, -gelatumn; con- + gelare to
freeze, gelu frost. See Gelid.]

1. To change from a fluid to a solid state by cold; to freeze.

A vapory deluge lies to snow congealed.
Thomson.

2.  To affect as if by freezing; to check the flow of, or cause to
run cold; to chill.

As if with horror to congeal his blood.
Stirling.

CONGEAL
Con*geal", v. i.

Defn: To grow hard, stiff, or thick, from cold or other causes; to
become solid; to freeze; to cease to flow; to run cold; to be
chilled.

Lest zeal, now melted . . .
Cool and congeal again to what it was.
Shak.

CONGEALABLE
Con*geal"a*ble, a. [Cf. F. congelable.]

Defn: Capable of being congealed. --Con*geal"a*ble*ness, n.

CONGEALEDNESS
Con*geal"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being congealed.  Dr. H.More.

CONGEALMENT
Con*geal"ment, n.

1. The act or the process of congealing; congeliation.

2.  That which is formed by congelation; a clot. [Obs.]

Wash the congealment from your wounds.
Shak.

CONGEE
Con"gee, n. & v.

Defn: See Congé, Conge. [Obs.]

And unto her his congee came to take.
Spenser.

CONGEE
Con*gee", n.

1. [Tamil kashi boilings.]

Defn: Boiled rice; rice gruel. [India]

2.  A jail; a lockup. [India]

Congee discharges, rice water discharges. Dunglison. -- Congee water,
water in which rice has been boiled.

CONGELATION
Con`ge*la"tion, n. [F. congélation, L. congelatio.]

1. The act or process of passing, or causing to pass, from a fluid to
a solid state, as by the abstraction of heat; the act or process of
freezing.

The capillary tubes are obstructed either by outward compression or
congelation of the fluid.
Arbuthnot.

2.  The state of being congealed.

3.  That which is congealed.

Sugar plums . . . with a multitude of congelations in jellies of
various colors.
Taller.

CONGENER
Con"ge*ner (; 277), n.  [From L. congener. See Congenerous.]

Defn: A thing of the same genus, species, or kind; a thing allied in
nature, character, or action.

The cherry tree has been often grafted on the laurel, to which it is
a congener.
P. Miller.

Our elk is more polygamous in his habits than any other deer except
his congener, the red deer of Europe.
Caton.

CONGENERACY
Con*gen"er*a*cy, n.

Defn: Similarity of origin; affinity. [Obs.]  Dr. H. More.

CONGENERIC; CONGENERICAL
Con`ge*ner"ic, Con`ge*ner"ic*al, a.

Defn: Belonging to the same genus; allied in origin, nature, or
action.  R. Owen.

CONGENEROUS
Con*gen"er*ous, a. [L. congener; con- + genus, generis, birth, kind,
race. See Genus, and cf. Congener.]

Defn: Allied in origin or cause; congeneric; as, congenerous
diseases. [Obs.]  Sir T. Browne.

-- Con*gen"er*ous*ness, n. [Obs.] Hallywell.

CONGENIAL
Con*gen"ial (; 106), a. [Pref. con- + genial.]

1. Partaking of the same nature; allied by natural characteristics;
kindred; sympathetic.

Congenial souls! whose life one avarice joins.
Pope.

2.  Naturally adapted; suited to the disposition. "Congenial clime."
C. J. Fox.

To defame the excellence with which it has no sympathy . . . is its
congenial work.
I. Taylor.

CONGENIALITY
Con*ge`ni*al"i*ty ( or ; 106), n.

Defn: The state or quality of being congenial; natural affinity;
adaptation; suitableness.  Sir J. Reynolds.

If congeniality of tastes could have made a marriage happy, that
union should have been thrice blessed.
Motley.

CONGENIALIZE
Con*gen"ial*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make congenial. [R.]

CONGENIALLY
Con*gen"ial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a congenial manner; as, congenially married or employed.

CONGENIALNESS
Con*gen"ial*ness, n.

Defn: Congeniality.

CONGENIOUS
Con*gen"ious, a.

Defn: Congeneric. [Obs.]

CONGENITAL
Con*gen"i*tal, a. Etym: [From Congenite.]

Defn: Existing at, or dating from, birth; pertaining to one from
birth; born with one; connate; constitutinal; natural; as, a
congenital deformity. See Connate.

CONGENITALLY
Con*gen"i*tal*ly, dv.

Defn: In a congenital manner.

CONGENITE
Con*gen"ite, a. Etym: [L. congenitus; con- + genitus, p.p. of gignere
to beget. See Generate.]

Defn: Congenital; connate; inborn. See Congenital. [Obs.]
Many conclusions, of moral and intellectual truths, seem . . . to be
congenite with us. Sir M. Hale.

CONGER
Con"ger, n. Etym: [L. conger, congrus, akin to Gr. congre.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The conger eel; -- called also congeree. Conger sea (Zoöl.),
the sea eel; a large species of eel (Conger vulgaris), which
sometimes grows to the length of ten feet.

CONGERIES
Con*ge"ri*es, n. sing & pl. Etym: [L., fr. congerere. See Congest.]

Defn: A collection of particles or bodies into one mass; a heap; an
aggregation.

CONGEST
Con*gest", v. t. Etym: [L. congestus, p. p. of congere to bring
together; con- + gerere. See Gerund.]

1. To collect or gather into a mass or aggregate; to bring together;
to accumulate.
To what will thy congested guilt amount Blackmore.

2. (Med.)

Defn: To cause an overfullness of the blood vessels (esp. the
capillaries) of an organ or part.

CONGESTED
Con*gest"ed, a.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Crowded together. Gray.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Containing an unnatural accumulation of blood; hyperæmic; --
said of any part of the body.

CONGESTION
Con*ges"tion, n. Etym: [L. congestio: cf. F. congestion.]

1. The act of gathering into a heap or mass; accumulation. [Obs.]
The congestion of dead bodies one upon another. Evelyn.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Overfullness of the capillary and other blood vessels, etc., in
any locality or organ (often producing other morbid symptoms); local
hyperas, arterial congestion; venous congestion; congestion of the
lungs.

CONGESTIVE
Con*gest"ive, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to, indicating, or attended with, congestion in some
part of the body; as, a congestive fever.

CONGIARY
Con"gi*a*ry, n.; pl. Congiaries. Etym: [L. congiarium, fr. congius a
liquid measure.]

Defn: A present, as of corn, wine, or oil, made by a Roman emperor to
the soldiers or the people; -- so called because measured to each in
a congius. Addison.

Note: In later years, when gifts of money were distributed, the name
congius was retained.

CONGIUS
Con"gi*us, n. Etym: [L.]

1. (Roman Antiq.)

Defn: A liquid measure containing about three quarts.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A gallon, or four quarts. [Often abbreviated to cong.]

CONGLACIATE
Con*gla"ci*ate (; 221), v. t. & i. Etym: [L. conglaciatus, p.p. of
conglaciare. See Glaciate.]

Defn: To turn to ice; to freeze. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

CONGLACIATION
Con*gla`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. conglaciation.]

Defn: The act or process of changing into ice, or the state of being
converted to ice; a freezing; congelation; also, a frost. Bacon.

CONGLOBATE
Con*glo"bate, a. Etym: [L. conglobatus, p.p. of conglobare to
conglobate. See Globate.]

Defn: Collected into, or forming, a rounded mass or ball; as, the
conglobate [lymphatic] glands; conglobate flowers.

CONGLOBATE
Con*glo"bate, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Conglobated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Conglobating.] Etym: [Cf. Conglore.]

Defn: To collect or form into a ball or rounded mass; to gather or
mass together.
Conglobated bubbles undissolved. Wordsworth.

CONGLOBATION
Con`glo*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. conglobatio: cf. F. conglobation.]

1. The act or process of forming into a ball. Sir T. Browne.

2. A round body.

CONGLOBE
Con*globe", v. t. [imp & p. p. Conglobed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Conglobing.] Etym: [L. conglobare: cf. F. conglober. Cf. Conglobate.]

Defn: To gather into a ball; to collect into a round mass.
Then founded, then conglobed Like things to like. Milton.

CONGLOBE
Con*globe", v. i.

Defn: To collect, unite, or coalesce in a round mass. Milton.

CONGLOBULATE
Con*glob"u*late, v. i. Etym: [Pref. con- + globule.]

Defn: To gather into a small round mass.

CONGLOMERATE
Con*glom"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. conglomeratus, p.p. of conglomerare to
roll together; con- + glomerare to wind into a ball. See Glomerate.]

1. Gathered into a ball or a mass; collected together; concentrated;
as, conglomerate rays of light.
Beams of light when they are multiplied and conglomerate. Bacon.
Fluids are separated in the liver and the other conglobate and
conglomerate glands. Cheyne.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Closely crowded together; densly clustered; as, conglomerate
flowers. Gray.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: Composed of stones, pebbles, or fragments of rocks, cemented
together.

CONGLOMERATE
Con*glom"er*ate, n.

1. That which is heaped together in a mass or conpacted from various
sources; a mass formed of fragments; collection; accumulation.
A conglomerate of marvelous anecdotes, marvelously heaped together.
Trench.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: A rock, composed or rounded fragments of stone cemented
together by another mineral substance, either calcareous, siliceous,
or argillaceous; pudding stone; -- opposed to agglomerate. See
Breccia.
A conglomerate, therefore, is simply gravel bound together by a
cement. Lyell.

CONGLOMERATE
Con*glom"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Conglomerated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Conglomerating.]

Defn: To gather into a ball or round body; to collect into a mass.

CONGLOMERATION
Con*glom`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. conglomeratio: cf. F.
conglomeration.]

Defn: The act or process of gathering into a mass; the state of being
thus collected; collection; accumulation; that which is
conglomerated; a mixed mass. Bacon.

CONGLUTIN
Con*glu"tin, n. Etym: [From Conglutinate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A variety of vegetable casein, resembling legumin, and found in
almonds, rye, wheat, etc.

CONGLUTINANT
Con*glu"ti*nant, a. Etym: [L., conglutinans, p.pr.]

Defn: Cementing together; uniting closely; causing to adhere;
promoting healing, as of a wound or a broken bone, by adhesion of the
parts.

CONGLUTINATE
Con*glu"ti*nate, a. Etym: [L. conglutinatus, p.p. of conglutinare to
glue; con- + glutinare to glue, gluten glue.]

Defn: Glued together; united, as by some adhesive substance.

CONGLUTINATE
Con*glu"ti*nate, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Conglutinated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Conglutinating.]

Defn: To glue together; to unite by some glutinous or tenacious
substance; to cause to adhere or to grow together.
Bones . . . have had their broken parts conglutinated within three or
four days. Boyle.

CONGLUTINATE
Con*glu"ti*nate, v. i.

Defn: To unite by the intervention of some glutinous substance; to
coalesce.

CONGLUTINATION
Con*glu`ti*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. conglutinatio: cf. F.
conglutination.]

Defn: A gluing together; a joining by means of some tenacious
substance; junction; union.
Conglutination of parts separated by a wound. Arbuthnot.

CONGLUTINATIVE
Con*glu"ti*na"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. conglutinatif.]

Defn: Conglutinant.

CONGO; CONGOU
Con"go, Con"gou, n. Etym: [Chin. kung-foo labor.]

Defn: Black tea, of higher grade (finer leaf and less dusty) than the
present bohea. See Tea.
Of black teas, the great mass is called Congou, or the "well worked",
a name which took the place of the Bohea of 150 years ago, and is now
itself giving way to the term "English breakfast tea." S. W.
Williams.

CONGO GROUP
Con"go group. [From Congo red.]

Defn: A group of artificial dyes with an affinity for vegetable
fibers, so that no mordant is required. Most of them are azo
compounds derived from benzidine or tolidine. Called also benzidine
dyes.

CONGO RED
Congo red. (Chem.)

Defn: An artificial red dye from which the Congo group received its
name. It is also widely used either in aqueous solution or as test
paper (Congo paper) for the detection of free acid, which turns it
blue.

CONGO SNAKE
Con"go snake". (Zoöl.)

Defn: An amphibian (Amphiuma means) of the order Urodela, found in
the southern United States. See Amphiuma.

CONGRATULANT
Con*grat"u*lant, a. Etym: [L. congratulans, p. pr.]

Defn: Rejoicing together; congratulatory.
With like joy Congratulant approached him. Milton.

CONGRATULATE
Con*grat"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Congratulated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Congratulating.] Etym: [L. congratulatus, p.p. of congratulari to
wish joy abundantly; con- + gratulari to wish joy, from gratus
pleasing. See Grateful.]

Defn: To address with expressions of sympathetic pleasure on account
of some happy event affecting the person addressed; to wish joy to.
It is the king's most sweet pleasure and affection to congratulate
the princess at her pavilion. Shak.
To congratulate one's self, to rejoice; to feel satisfaction; to
consider one's self happy or fortunate.

Syn.
 -- To Congratulate, Felicitate. To felicitate is simply to wish a
person joy. To congratulate has the additional signification of
uniting in the joy of him whom we congratulate. Hence they are by no
means synonymous. One who has lost the object of his affections by
her marriage to a rival, might perhaps felicitate that rival on his
success, but could never be expected to congratulate him on such an
event.
Felicitations are little better than compliments; congratulations are
the expression of a genuine sympathy and joy. Trench.

CONGRATULATE
Con*grat"u*late, v. i.

Defn: To express of feel sympathetic joy; as, to congratulate with
one's country. [R.] Swift.
The subjects of England may congratulate to themselves. Dryden.

CONGRATULATION
Con*grat`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. congratulatio: cf. F.
congratulation.]

Defn: The act of congratulating; an expression of sympathetic
pleasure.
With infinite congratulations for our safe arrival. Dr. J. Scott.

CONGRATULATOR
Con*grat"u*la`tor, n.

Defn: One who offers congratulation. Milton.

CONGRATULATORY
Con*grat"u*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Expressive of sympathetic joy; as, a congratulatory letter.

CONGREE
Con*gree", v. i. Etym: [Pref.on-+ L. gratus pleasing. Cf. Agree.]

Defn: To agree. [bs.] Shak.

CONGREET
Con*greet", v. t.

Defn: To salute mutually. [Obs.]

CONGREGATE
Con"gre*gate, a. Etym: [L. congregatus, p.p. of congregare to
congregate; on- + gregare to collect into a flock, fr. grex flock,
herd. See Gregarious.]

Defn: Collected; compact; close. [R.] Bacon.

CONGREGATE
Con"gre*gate, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Congregated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Congregating]

Defn: To collect into an assembly or assemblage; to assemble; to
bring into one place, or into a united body; to gather together; to
mass; to compact.
Any multitude of Christian men congregated may be termed by the name
of a church. Hooker.
Cold congregates all bodies. Coleridge.
The great receptacle Of congregated waters he called Seas. Milton.

CONGREGATE
Con"gre*gate, v. i.

Defn: To come together; to assemble; to meet.
Even there where merchants most do congregate. Shak.

CONGREGATION
Con`gre*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. congregatio: cf. F. congrégation.]

1. The act of congregating, or bringing together, or of collecting
into one aggregate or mass.
The means of reduction in the fire is but by the congregation of
homogeneal parts. Bacon.

2. A collection or mass of separate things.
A foul and pestilent congregation of vapors. Shak.

3. An assembly of persons; a gathering; esp. an assembly of persons
met for the worship of God, and for religious instruction; a body of
people who habitually so meet.
He [Bunyan] rode every year to London, and preached there to large
and attentive congregations. Macaulay.

4. (Anc. Jewish Hist.)

Defn: The whole body of the Jewish people; -- called also
Congregation of the Lord.
It is a sin offering for the congregation. Lev. iv. 21.

5. (R. C. Ch.)
(a) A body of cardinals or other ecclesiastics to whom as intrusted
some departament of the church business; as, the Congregation of the
Propaganda, which has charge of the missions of the Roman Catholic
Church.
(b) A company of religious persons forming a subdivision of a
monastic order.

6. The assemblage of Masters and Doctors at Oxford or Cambrige
University, mainly for the granting of degrees. [Eng.]

7. (Scotch Church Hist.)

Defn: the name assumed by the Protestant party under John Knox. The
leaders called themselves (1557) Lords of the Congregation.

CONGREGATIONAL
Con`gre*ga"tion*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a congregation; conducted, or participated in,
by a congregation; as, congregational singing.

2. Belonging to the system of Congregationalism, or to
Congregationalist; holding to the faith and polity of
Congregationalism; as, a Congregational church.

CONGREGATIONALISM
Con`gre*ga"tion*al*ism, n.

1. That system of church organization which vests all ecclesiastical
power in the assembled brotherhood of each local church.

2. The faith and polity of the Congregational churches, taken
collectively.

Note: In this sense (which is its usual signification)
Congregationalism is the system of faith and practice common to a
large body of evangelical Trinitarian churches, which recognize the
local brotherhood of each church as independent of all dictation in
ecclesiastical matters, but are united in fellowship and joint
action, as in councils for mutual advice, and in consociations,
conferences, missionary organizations, etc., and to whose membership
the designation "Congregationalists" is generally restricted; but
Unitarian and other churches are Congregational in their polity.

CONGREGATIONALIST
Con`gre*ga"tion*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who belongs to a Congregational church or society; one who
holds to Congregationalism.

CONGRESS
Con"gress, n.; pl. Congresses. Etym: [L. congressus, fr. congredi,
p.p. -gressus, to go or come together; con- + grati to go or step,
gradus step: cf. F. congr. See Grade.]

1. A meeting of individuals, whether friendly or hostile; an
encounter. [Obs.]
Here Pallas urges on, and Lausus there;congress in the field great
Jove withstands. Dryden.

2. A sudden encounter; a collision; a shock; -- said of things.
[Obs.]
From these laws may be deduced the rules of the congresses and
reflections of two bodies. Cheyne.

3. The coming together of a male and female in sexual commerce; the
act of coition. Pennant.

4. A gathering or assembly; a conference.

5. A formal assembly, as of princes, deputies, representatives,
envoys, or commissioners; esp., a meeting of the representatives of
several governments or societies to consider and determine matters of
common interest.
The European powers strove to . . . accommodate their differences at
the congress of Vienna. Alison.

6. The collective body of senators and representatives of the people
of a nation, esp. of a republic, constituting the chief legislative
body of the nation.

Note: In the Congress of the United States (which took the place of
the Federal Congress, March 4, 1789), the Senate consists of two
Senators from each State, chosen by the State legislature for a term
of six years, in such a way that the terms of one third of the whole
number expire every year; the House of Representatives consists of
members elected by the people of the several Congressional districts,
for a term of two years, the term of all ending at the same time. The
united body of Senators and Representatives for any term of two years
for which the whole body of Representatives is chosen is called one
Congress. Thus the session which began in December, 1887, was the
first (or long) session, and that which began in December, 1888, was
the second (or short) session, of the Fiftieth Congress. When an
extra session is had before the date of the first regular meeting of
a Congress, that is called the first session, and the following
regular session is called the second session.

7. The lower house of the Spanish Cortes, the members of which are
elected for three years. The Continental Congress, an assembly of
deputies from the thirteen British colonies in America, appointed to
deliberate in respect to their common interests. They first met in
1774, and from time thereafter until near the close of the
Revolution.
 -- The Federal Congress, the assembly of representatives of the
original States of the American Union, who met under the Articles of
Confederation from 1781 till 1789.
 -- Congress boot or gaiter, a high shoe or half-boot, coming above
the ankle, and having the sides made in part of some elastic material
which stretches to allow the boot to be drawn on and off. [U.S.] --
Congress water, a saline mineral water from the Congress spring at
Saratoga, in the State of New York.

Syn.
 -- Assembly; meeting; convention; convocation; council; diet;
conclave; parliament; legislature.

CONGRESSION
Con*gres"sion ( or , n. Etym: [L. congressio.]

Defn: A coming or bringing together, as in a public meeting, in a
dispute, in the act of comparing, or in sexual intercourse. [R.] Jer.
Taylor.

CONGRESSIONAL
Con*gres"sion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a congress, especially, to the Congress of
the United States; as, congressional debates.
Congressional and official labor. E. Everett.
Congressional District, one of the divisions into which a State is
periodically divided (according to population), each of which is
entitled to elect a Representative to the Congress of the United
States.

CONGRESSIVE
Con*gres"sive, a.

Defn: Encountering, or coming together. Sir T. Browne.

CONGRESSMAN
Con"gress*man, n.; pl. Congressmen (.

Defn: A member of the Congress of the United States, esp. of the
House of Representatives.

CONGREVE ROCKET
Con"greve rock"et.

Defn: See under Rocket.

CONGRUE
Con"grue", v. i. Etym: [L. congruere. See Congruous.]

Defn: To agree; to be suitable. [Obs.] Shak.

CONGRUENCE
Con"gru*ence, n. Etym: [L. congruentia: cf. OF. cornguence.]

Defn: Suitableness of one thing to another; agreement; consistency.
Holland.

CONGRUENCY
Con"gru*en*cy ( or ), n.

Defn: Congruence. Congruency of lines. (Geom.) See Complex of lines,
under Complex, n.

CONGRUENT
Con"gru*ent, a. Etym: [L. congruens, p.pr. of congruere: cf. F.
congruent.]

Defn: Possessing congruity; suitable; agreeing; corresponding.
The congruent and harmonious fitting of parts in a sentence. B.
Jonson.
Congruent figures (Geom.), concurring figures.

CONGRUISM
Con"gru*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. congruisme.] (Scholastic Theol.)

Defn: See Congruity.

CONGRUITY
Con*gru"i*ty ( or , n.; pl. Congruities. Etym: [Cf. F. congruit.]

1. The state or quality of being congruous; the relation or agreement
between things; fitness; harmony; correspondence; consistency.
With what congruity doth the church of Rome deny that her enemies do
at all appertain to the church of Christ Hooker.
A whole sentence may fail of its congruity by wanting one particle.
Sir P. Sidney.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: Coincidence, as that of lines or figures laid over one another.

3. (Scholastic Theol.)

Defn: That, in an imperfectly good persons, which renders it suitable
for God to bestow on him gifts of grace.

CONGRUOUS
Con"gru*ous, a. Etym: [L. congruus, fr. congruere to come together,
to coincide, to agree. Of uncertain origin.]

Defn: Suitable or concordant; accordant; fit; harmonious;
correspondent; consistent.
Not congruous to the nature of epic poetry. Blair.
It is no ways congruous that God should be always frightening men
into an acknowledgment of the truth. Atterbury.

CONGRUOUSLY
Con"gru*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a congruous manner.

CONHYDRINE
Con*hy"drine ( or , n. Etym: [Conium + hydrate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A vegetable alkaloid found with conine in the poison hemlock
(Conium maculatum). It is a white crystalline substance, C8H17NO,
easily convertible into conine.

CONIA
Co*ni"a ( or , n. Etym: [NL. See Conium.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Conine.

CONIC; CONICAL
Con"ic, Con"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. conique. See Cone.]

1. Having the form of, or resembling, a geometrical cone; round and
tapering to a point, or gradually lessening in circumference; as, a
conic or conical figure; a conical vessel.

2. Of or pertaining to a cone; as, conic sections. Conic section
(Geom.), a curved line formed by the intersection of the surface of a
right cone and a plane. The conic sections are the parabola, ellipse,
and hyperbola. The right lines and the circle which result from
certain positions of the plane are sometimes, though not generally
included.
 -- Conic sections, that branch of geometry which treats of the
parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola.
 -- Conical pendulum. See Pendulum.
 -- Conical projection, a method of delineating the surface of a
sphere upon a plane surface as if projected upon the surface of a
cone; -- much used by makers of maps in Europe.
 -- Conical surface (Geom.), a surface described by a right line
moving along any curve and always passing through a fixed point that
is not in the plane of that curve.

CONIC
Con"ic, n. (Math.)

Defn: A conic section.

CONICALITY
Con`i*cal"i*ty, n.

Defn: Conicalness.

CONICALLY
Con"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the form of a cone.

CONICALNESS
Con"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being conical.

CONICO-
Con"i*co- (, a. Etym: [See Conic.]

Defn: A combining form, meaning somewhat resembling a cone; as,
conico-cylindrical, resembling a cone and a cylinder; conico-
hemispherical; conico-subulate.

CONICOID
Con"i*coid, a. Etym: [Conic + -oid.] (Math.)

Defn: Same as Conoidal.

CONICS
Con"ics, n.

1. That branch of geometry which treats of the cone and the curves
which arise from its sections.

2. Conic sections.

CONIDIUM
Co*nid"i*um, n.; pl. Conida. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A peculiar kind of reproductive cell found in certain fungi,
and often containing zoöspores.

CONIFER
Co"ni*fer, n. Etym: [L. conifer; conus cone + ferre to bear: cf. F.
conifère.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tree or shrub bearing cones; one of the order Coniferae,
which includes the pine, cypress, and (according to some) the yew.

CONIFERIN
Co*nif"er*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside extracted from the cambium layer of coniferous
trees as a white crystalline substance.

CONIFEROUS
Co*nif"er*ous, a.
(a) Bearing cones, as the pine and cypress.
(b) Pertaining to the order Coniferae, of which the pine tree is the
type.

CONIFORM
Co"ni*form, a. Etym: [Cone + -form: cf. F. coniforme.]

Defn: Cone-shaped; conical.

CONIINE
Co*ni"ine ( or , n.

Defn: See Conine.

CONIMENE
Co"ni*mene, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Olibene.

CONINE
Co"nine ( or , n. Etym: [From Conium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A powerful and very poisonous vegetable alkaloid found in the
hemlock (Conium maculatum) and extracted as a colorless oil, C8H17N,
of strong repulsive odor and acrid taste. It is regarded as a
derivative of piperidine and likewise of one of the collidines. It
occasions a gradual paralysis of the motor nerves. Called also
coniine, coneine, conia, etc. See Conium, 2.

CONIROSTER
Co`ni*ros"ter, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Conirostres.

CONIROSTRAL
Co`ni*ros"tral, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Conirostres.

CONIROSTRES
Co`ni*ros"tres, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. conus cone + rostrum beak:
cf. F. conirostre.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of perching birds, including those which have a strong
conical bill, as the finches.

CONISOR
Con`i*sor", n. Etym: [Obs.]

Defn: See Cognizor.

CONISTRA
Co*nis"tra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Greek Antiq.)

Defn: Originally, a part of the palestra, or gymnasium among the
Greeks; either the place where sand was stored for use in sprinkling
the wrestlers, or the wrestling ground itself. Hence, a part of the
orchestra of the Greek theater.

CONITE
Co"nite, n. Etym: [Gr. conite. So called on account of its gray
color.] (Min.)

Defn: A magnesian variety of dolomite.

CONIUM
Co*ni"um ( or , n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of biennial, poisonous, white-flowered, umbelliferous
plants, bearing ribbed fruit ("seeds") and decompound leaves.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The common hemlock (Conium maculatum, poison hemlock, spotted
hemlock, poison parsley), a roadside weed of Europe, Asia, and
America, cultivated in the United States for medicinal purpose. It is
an active poison. The leaves and fruit are used in medicine.

CONJECT
Con*ject", v. t. Etym: [L. conjectus, p.p. of conjicere. See
Conjecture, n.]

Defn: To throw together, or to throw. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu.

CONJECT
Con*ject", v. t.

Defn: To conjecture; also, to plan. [Obs.]

CONJECTOR
Con*ject"or, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who guesses or conjectures. [Obs.]
A great conjector at other men by their writings. Milton.

CONJECTURABLE
Con*jec"tur*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being conjectured or guessed.

CONJECTURAL
Con*jec"tur*al, a. Etym: [L. conjecturalis: cf. F. conjectural.]

Defn: Dependent on conjecture; fancied; imagined; guessed at;
undetermined; doubtful.
And mak'st conjectural fears to come into me. Shak.
A slight expense of conjectural analogy. Hugh Miller.
Who or what such editor may be, must remain conjectural. Carlyle.

CONJECTURALIST
Con*jec"tur*al*ist, n.

Defn: A conjecturer. [R.] Month. rev.

CONJECTURALLY
Con*jec`tur*al"ly, n.

Defn: That which depends upon guess; guesswork. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

CONJECTURALLY
Con*jec`tur*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a conjectural manner; by way of conjecture. Boyle.

CONJECTURE
Con*jec"ture, n. Etym: [L. conjectura, fr. conjicere, conjectum, to
throw together, infer, conjecture; con- + jacere to throw: cf. F.
conjecturer. See Jet a shooting forth.]

Defn: An opinion, or judgment, formed on defective or presumptive
evidence; probable inference; surmise; guess; suspicion.
He [Herodotus] would thus have corrected his first loose conjecture
by a real study of nature. Whewell.
Conjectures, fancies, built on nothing firm. Milton.

CONJECTURE
Con*jec"ture, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Conjectured; p.pr. & vb.n.
Conjecturing.] Etym: [Cf. F. conjecturer. Cf. Conject.]

Defn: To arrive at by conjecture; to infer on slight evidence; to
surmise; to guess; to form, at random, opinions concerning.
Human reason can then, at the best, but conjecture what will be.
South.

CONJECTURE
Con*jec"ture, v. i.

Defn: To make conjectures; to surmise; to guess; to infer; to form an
opinion; to imagine.

CONJECTURER
Con*jec"tur*er, n.

Defn: One who conjectures. Hobbes.

CONJOIN
Con*join, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Conjoined; p.pr. & vb.n. Conjoining.]
Etym: [F. conjoindre, fr. L. conjungere, -junctum; con- + jungere to
join. See Join, and cf. Conjugate, Conjunction.]

Defn: To join together; to unite.
The English army, that divided was Into two parties, is now conjoined
in one. Shak.
If either of you know any inward impediment why you should not be
conjoined. Shak.
Let that which he learns next be nearly conjoined with what he knows
already. Locke.

CONJOIN
Con*join", v. i.

Defn: To unite; to join; to league. Shak.

CONJOINED
Con*joined", a. (Her.)

Defn: Joined together or touching.

CONJOINT
Con*joint", a. Etym: [F. conjoint, p.p. of conjoindre. See Conjoin,
and cf. Conjunct.]

Defn: United; connected; associated. "Influence conjoint." Glover.
Conjoint degrees (Mus.), two notes which follow each other
immediately in the order of the scale, as ut and re. Johnson.
Conjoint tetrachords (Mus.), two tetrachords or fourths, where the
same note is the highest of one and the lowest of the other; -- also
written conjunct.

CONJOINTLY
Con*joint"ly, adv.

Defn: In a conjoint manner; untitedly; jointly; together. Sir T.
Browne.

CONJOINTNESS
Con*joint"ness, n.

Defn: The qquality of being conjoint.

CONJUBILANT
Con*ju"bi*lant, a.

Defn: Shouting together for joy; rejoicing together. [R.] Neale.

CONJUGAL
Con"ju*gal, a. Etym: [L. conjugalis, fr. conjux husband, wife,
consort, fr. conjungere to unite, join in marriage. See Conjoin.]

Defn: Belonging to marriage; suitable or appropriate to the marriage
state or to married persons; matrimonial; connubial. "Conjugal
affection." Milton.

CONJUGALITY
Con`ju*gal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The conjugal state; sexual intercourse. [R.] Milton.

CONJUGALLY
Con"ju*gal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a conjugal manner; matrimonially; connubially.

CONJUGATE
Con"ju*gate, a. Etym: [L. conjugatus, p.p. or conjugare to unite;
con- + jugare to join, yoke, marry, jugum yoke; akin to jungere to
join. See Join.]

1. United in pairs; yoked together; coupled.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: In single pairs; coupled.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: Containing two or more radicals supposed to act the part of a
single one. [R.]

4. (Gram.)

Defn: Agreeing in derivation and radical signification; -- said of
words.

5. (Math.)

Defn: Presenting themselves simultaneously and having reciprocal
properties; -- frequently used in pure and applied mathematics with
reference to two quantities, points, lines, axes, curves, etc.
Conjugate axis of a hyperbola (Math.), the line through the center of
the curve, perpendicular to the line through the two foci.
 -- Conjugate diameters (Conic Sections), two diameters of an ellipse
or hyperbola such that each bisects all chords drawn parallel to the
other.
 -- Conjugate focus (Opt.) See under Focus.
 -- Conjugate mirrors (Optics), two mirrors so placed that rays from
the focus of one are received at the focus of the other, especially
two concave mirrors so placed that rays proceeding from the principal
focus of one and reflected in a parallel beam are received upon the
other and brought to the principal focus.
 -- Conjugate point (Geom.), an acnode. See Acnode, and Double point.
 -- Self-conjugate triangle (Conic Sections), a triangle each of
whose vertices is the pole of the opposite side with reference to a
conic.

CONJUGATE
Con`ju*gate, n. Etym: [L. conjugatum a combining, etymological
relationship.]

1. A word agreeing in derivation with another word, and therefore
generally resembling it in signification.
We have learned, in logic, that conjugates are sometimes in name
only, and not in deed. Abp. Bramhall.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A complex radical supposed to act the part of a single radical.
[R.]

CONJUGATE
Con"ju*gate, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Conjugated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Conjugating.]

1. To unite in marriage; to join. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: To inflect (a verb), or give in order the forms which it
assumed in its several voices, moods, tenses, numbers, and persons.

CONJUGATE
Con"ju*gate, v. i. (Biol.)

Defn: To unite in a kind of sexual union, as two or more cells or
individuals among the more simple plants and animals.

CONJUGATION
Con`ju*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. conjugatio conjugation (in senses 1 &
3).]

1. the act of uniting or combining; union; assemblage. [Obs.]
Mixtures and conjugations of atoms. Bentley.

2. Two things conjoined; a pair; a couple. [Obs.]
The sixth conjugations or pair of nerves. Sir T. Browne.

3. (Gram.)
(a) The act of conjugating a verb or giving in order its various
parts and inflections.
(b) A scheme in which are arranged all the parts of a verb.
(c) A class of verbs conjugated in the same manner.

4. (Biol.)

Defn: A kind of sexual union; -- applied to a blending of the
contents of two or more cells or individuals in some plants and lower
animals, by which new spores or germs are developed.

CONJUGATIONAL
Con`ju*ga"tion*al, a.

Defn: relating to conjugation. Ellis.

CONJUGIAL
Con*ju"gi*al, a. Etym: [L. conjugialis, fr. conjugium. Cf. Conjugal.]

Defn: Conjugal. [R.] Swedenborg.

CONJUGIUM
Con*ju"gi*um, n. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Law)

Defn: The marriage tie.

CONJUNCT
Con*junct", a. Etym: [L. conjunctus, p.p. See Conjoin.]

1. United; conjoined; concurrent. [Archaic]

2. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Conjoined.

CONJUNCTION
Con*junc"tion, n. Etym: [L. conjunctio: cf. F. conjunction. See
Conjoin.]

1. The act of conjoining, or the state of being conjoined, united, or
associated; union; association; league.
He will unite the white rose and the red: Smille heaven upon his fair
conjunction. Shak.
Man can effect no great matter by his personal strength but as he
acts in society and conjunction with others. South.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The meeting of two or more stars or planets in the same degree
of the zodiac; as, the conjunction of the moon with the sun, or of
Jupiter and Saturn. See the Note under Aspect, n., 6.

Note: Heavenly bodies are said to be in conjunction when they are
seen in the same part of the heavens, or have the same longitude or
right ascension. The inferior conjunction of an inferior planet is
its position when in conjunction on the same side of the sun with the
earth; the superior conjunction of a planet is its position when on
the side of the sun most distant from the earth.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: A connective or connecting word; an indeclinable word which
serves to join together sentences, clauses of a sentence, or words;
as, and, but, if.
Though all conjunctions conjoin sentences, yet, with respect to the
sense, some are conjunctive and some disjunctive. Harris.

CONJUNCTIONAL
Con*junc"tion*al, a.

Defn: Relating to a conjunction.

CONJUNCTIVA
Con`junc*ti"va, n. Etym: [NL., from L. conjunctivus connective.]
(Anat.)

Defn: The mucous membrane which covers the external surface of the
ball of the eye and the inner surface of the lids; the conjunctival
membrance.

CONJUNCTIVAL
Con`junc*ti"val, a.

1. Joining; connecting.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the conjunctiva.

CONJUNCTIVE
Con*junc"tive, a. Etym: [L. conjunctivus.]

1. Serving to unite; connecting together.

2. Closely united. [Obs.] Shak. Conjunctive mood (Gram.), the mood
which follows a conjunction or expresses contingency; the subjunctive
mood.
 -- Conjunctive tissue (Anat.), the tissue found in nearly all parts
of most animals. It yields gelatin on boiling, and consists of
vriously arranged fibers which are imbedded protoplasmic cells, or
corpuscles; -- called also cellular tissue and connective tissue.
Adipose or fatty tissue is one of its many forms, and cartilage and
bone are sometimes included by the phrase.

CONJUNCTIVELY
Con*junc"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In conjunction or union; together. Sir T. Browne.

CONJUNCTIVENESS
Con*junc"tive*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being conjunctive. Johnson.

CONJUNCTIVITIS
Con*junc`ti*vi"tis ( or , n. (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the conjunctiva.

CONJUNCTLY
Con*junct"ly, adv.

Defn: In union; conjointly; unitedly; together. Sir W. Hamilton.

CONJUNCTURE
Con*junc"ture, n. Etym: [Cf. F. conjoncture, LL. conjunctura.]

1. The act of joining, or state of being joined; union; connection;
combination.
The conjuncture of philosophy and divinity. Hobbes.
A fit conjuncture or circumstances. Addison.

2. A crisis produced by a combination of circumstances; complication
or combination of events or circumstances; plight resulting from
various conditions.
He [Chesterfield] had recently governed Ireland, at a momentous
conjuncture, with eminent firmness, wisdom, and humanity. Macaulay.

CONJURATION
Con`ju*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. conjuratio, cf. F. conjuration.]

1. The act of calling or summoning by a sacred name, or in solemn
manner; the act of binding by an oath; an earnest entreaty;
adjuration.
We charge you, in the name of God, take heed; . . . Under this
conjuration speak, my lord. Shak.

2. The act or process of invoking supernatural aid by the use of a
magical form of words; the practice of magic arts; incantation;
enchantment.
Pretended conjurations and prophecies of that event. Hallam.

3. A league for a criminal purpose; conspiracy. [Obs.] "The
conjuration of Catiline." Sir T. Elyot.

CONJURATOR
Con"ju*ra`tor, n. Etym: [LL.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: One who swears or is sworn with others; one bound by oath with
others; a compurgator. Burrill.

CONJURE
Con*jure", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Conjured; p.pr. & vb.n. Conjuring.]
Etym: [F. conjurer, fr. L. conjurare to swear together, to conspire;
con- + jurare to swear. See Jury.]

Defn: To call on or summon by a sacred name or in solemn manner; to
implore earnestly; to adjure.
I conjure you, let him know, Whate'er was done against him, Cato did
it. Addison.

CONJURE
Con*jure", v. i.

Defn: To combine together by an eath; to conspire; to confederate. [A
Latinism]
Drew after him the third part of Heaven's sons Conjured against the
Highest. Milton.

CONJURE
Con"jure, v. t.

Defn: To affect or effect by conjuration; to call forth or send away
by magic arts; to excite or alter, as if by magic or by the aid of
supernatural powers.
The habitation which your prophet . . . conjured the devil into.
Shak.
To conjure up, or make visible, as a spirit, by magic arts; hence, to
invent; as, to conjure up a story; to conjure up alarms.

CONJURE
Con"jure, v. i.

Defn: To practice magical arts; to use the tricks of a conjurer; to
juggle; to charm.
She conjures; away with her. Shak.

CONJUREMENT
Con*jure"ment, n.

Defn: Serious injunction; solemn demand or entreaty. [Obs.] Milton.

CONJURER
Con*jur"er, n.

Defn: One who conjures; one who calls, entreats, or charges in a
solemn manner.

CONJURER
Con"jur*er, n.

1. One who practices magic arts; one who pretends to act by the aid
super natural power; also, one who performs feats of legerdemain or
sleight of hand.
Dealing with witches and with conjurers. Shak.
From the account the loser brings, The conjurer knows who stole the
things. Prior.

2. One who conjectures shrewdly or judges wisely; a man of sagacity.
[Obs.] Addison.

CONJUROR
Con*ju"ror, n. (Law)

Defn: One bound by a common cath with others. [Obs.]

CONJURY
Con"ju*ry, n.

Defn: The practice of magic; enchantment. Motley.

CONN
Conn, v. t.

Defn: See Con, to direct a ship.

CONNASCENCE; CONNASCENCY
Con*nas"cence, Con*nas"cen*cy, n. Etym: [L. con- + nascentia birth,
fr. nascens, p.pr. of nasci to be born.]

1. The common birth of two or more at the same tome; production of
two or more together. Johnson.

2. That which is born or produced with another.

3. The act of growing together. [Obs.] Wiseman.

CONNASCENT
Con*nas"cent, a.

Defn: Born together; produced at the same time. Craig.

CONNATE
Con"nate, a. Etym: [L. connatus; con- + natus born, p.p. of nasci.
See Cognate.]

1. Born with another; being of the same birth.

2. Congenital; existing from birth. "Connate notions." South.
A difference has been made by some; those diseases or conditions
which are dependent on original conformation being called congenital;
while the diseases of affections that may have supervened during
gestation or delivery are called connate. Dunglison.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Congenitally united; growing from one base, or united at their
bases; united into one body; as, connate leaves or athers. See
Illust. of Connate-perfoliate.

CONNATE-PERFOLIATE
Con"nate-per*fo"li*ate, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Connate or coalescent at the base so as to produce a broad
foliaceous body through the center of which the stem passes; --
applied to leaves, as the leaves of the boneset.

CONNATION
Con*na"tion, n.

Defn: Connection by birth; natural union. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

CONNATURAL
Con*nat"u*ral, a. Etym: [Pref. con- + natural.]

1. Connected by nature; united in nature; inborn; inherent; natural.
These affections are connatural to us. L'Estrange.

2. Partaking of the same nature.
And mix with our connatural dust. Milton.

CONNATURALITY
Con*nat`u*ral"i*ty, n.

Defn: Participation of the same nature; natural union or connection.
[R.]
A congruity and connaturality between them. Sir M. Hale.

CONNATURALIZE
Con*nat"u*ral*ize, v. t.

Defn: To bring to the same nature as something else; to adapt. [Obs.]
Dr. J. Scott.

CONNATURALLY
Con*nat"u*ral*ly, adv.

Defn: By the act of nature; originally; from birth. Sir M. Hale.

CONNATURALNESS
Con*nat"u*ral*ness, n.

Defn: Participation of the same nature; natural union. I. Walton.

CONNATURE
Con*na"ture, n.

Defn: Participation in a common nature or character. [R.]
Connature was defined as likeness in kind between either two changes
in consciousness, or two states of consciousness. H. Spencer.

CONNECT
Con*nect", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Connected; p.pr. & vb.n. Connecting.]
Etym: [L. connectere, -nexum; con- + nectere to bind. See Annex.]

1. To join, or fasten together, as by something intervening; to
associate; to combine; to unite or link together; to establish a bond
or relation between.
He fills, he bounds, connect and equals all. Pope.
A man must the connection of each intermediate idea with those that
it connects before he can use it in a syllogism. Locke.

2. To associate (a person or thing, or one's self) with another
person, thing, business, or affair. Connecting rod (Mach.), a rod or
bar joined to, and connecting, two or more moving parts; esp. a rod
connecting a crank wrist with a beam, crosshead, piston rod, or
piston, as in a steam engine.

CONNECT
Con*nect", v. i.

Defn: To join, unite, or cohere; to have a close relation; as, one
line of railroad connects with another; one argument connect with
another.

CONNECTEDLY
Con*nect"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a connected manner.

CONNECTION
Con*nec"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. Connexion.]

1. The act of connecting, or the state of being connected; junction;
union; alliance; relationship.
He [Algazel] denied the possibility of a known connection between
cause and effect. Whewell.
The eternal and inserable connection between virtue and hapiness.
Atterbury.

2. That which connects or joins together; bond; tie.
Any sort of connection which is perceived or imagined between two or
more things. I. Taylor.

3. A relation; esp. a person connected with another by marriage
rather than by blood; -- used in a loose and indefinite, and
sometimes a comprehensive, sense.

4. The persons or things that are connected; as, a business
connection; the Methodist connection.
Men elevated by powerful connection. Motley.
At the head of a strong parliamentary connection. Macaulay.
Whose names, forces, connections, and characters were perfectly known
to him. Macaulay.
In this connection, in connection with this subject.

Note: [A phrase objected to by some writers.]

Note: This word was formerly written, as by Milton, with x instead of
t in the termination, connexion, and the same thing is true of the
kindred words inflexion, reflexion, and the like. But the general
usage at present is to spell them connection, inflection, reflection,
etc.

Syn.
 -- Union; coherence; continuity; junction; association; dependence;
intercourse; commerce; communication; affinity; relationship.

CONNECTIVE
Con*nect"ive, a.

Defn: Connecting, or adapted to connect; involving connection.
Connection tissue (Anat.) See Conjunctive tissue, under Conjunctive.

CONNECTIVE
Con*nect"ive, n.

Defn: That which connects. Specifically:
(a) (Gram.) A word that connect words or sentences; a conjunction or
preposition.
(b) (Bot.) That part of an anther which connects its thecæ, lobes, or
cells.

CONNECTIVELY
Con*nect"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: In connjunction; jointly.

CONNECTOR
Con*nect"or, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, connects; as:
(a) A flexible tube for connecting the ends of glass tubes in
pneumatic experiments.
(b) A device for holding two parts of an electrical conductor in
contact.

CONNER
Con"ner, n. Etym: [Cf. Cunner.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine European fish (Crenilabrus melops); also, the related
American cunner. See Cunner.

CONNEX
Con*nex", v. t. Etym: [L. connexus, p.p. See Connect.]

Defn: To connect. Sir M. Hale.

CONNEXION
Con*nex"ion, n. Etym: [L. connexio: cf. F. connexion.]

Defn: Connection. See Connection.

CONNEXIVE
Con*nex"ive, a.

Defn: See Connective.

CONNING TOWER
Con"ning tow"er, n.

Defn: The shotproof pilot house of a war vessel.

CONNIVANCE
Con*niv"ance, n. Etym: [Cf. F. connivence, L. conniventia.]

1. Intentional failure or forbearance to discover a fault or
wrongdoing; voluntary oversight; passive consent or co

2. (Law)

Defn: Corrupt or guilty assent to wrongdoing, not involving actual
participation in, but knowledge of, and failure to prevent or oppose
it.

Syn.
 -- See Collusion.

CONNIVE
Con*nive", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Connived; p.pr. & vb.n. Conniving.]
Etym: [L. connivere to shut the eues, connive, fr. con- + (perh.) a
word akin to nicere to beckon, nictare to wink.]

1. To open and close the eyes rapidly; to wink. [Obs.]
The artist is to teach them how to nod judiciously, and to connive
with either eye. Spectator.

2. To close the eyes upon a fault; to wink (at); to fail or forbear
by intention to discover an act; to permit a proceeding, as if not
aware of it; -- usually followed by at.
To connive at what it does not approve. Jer. Taylor.
In many of these, the directors were heartily concurring; in most of
them, they were encouraging, and sometimes commanding; in all they
were conniving. Burke.
The government thought it expedient, occasionally, to connive at the
violation of this rule. Macaulay.

CONNIVE
Con*nive", v. t.

Defn: To shut the eyes to; to overlook; to pretend not to see. [R. &
Obs.] "Divorces were not connived only, but with eye open allowed."
Milton.

CONNIVENCY
Con*niv"en*cy, n.

Defn: Connivance. [Obs.]

CONNIVENT
Con*niv"ent, a. Etym: [L. connivens, p. pr.]

1. Forbearing to see; designedly inattentive; as, connivent justice.
[R.] Milton.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Brought close together; arched inward so that the points meet;
converging; in close contact; as, the connivent petals of a flower,
wings of an insect, or folds of membrane in the human system, etc.

CONNIVER
Con*niv"er, n.

Defn: One who connives.

CONNOISSEUR
Con`nois*seur", n. Etym: [F. connaisseur, formerly connoisseur, fr.
connaître to know, fr. L. cognoscere to become acquainted with; co- +
noscere, gnoscere, to learn to know. See Know, amd cf. Cognizor.]

Defn: One well versed in any subject; a skillful or knowing person; a
critical judge of any art, particulary of one of the fine arts.
The connoisseur is "one who knows," as opposed to the dilettant, who
only "thinks he knows." Fairholt.

CONNOISSEURSHIP
Con`nois*seur"ship, n.

Defn: State of being a connoisseur.

CONNOTATE
Con"no*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. con- + notatus, p.p.of notare to mark.
Cf. Connote.]

Defn: To connote; to suggest or designate (something) as additional;
to include; to imply. Hammond.

CONNOTATION
Con`no*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. connotation.]

Defn: The act of connoting; a making known or designating something
additional; implication of something more than is asserted.

CONNOTATIVE
Con*no"ta*tive ( or ), a.

1. Implying something additional; illative.

2. (Log.)

Defn: Implying an attribute. See Connote. Connotative term, one which
denotes a subject and implies an attribute. J. S. Mill.

CONNOTATIVELY
Con*no"ta*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a connotative manner; expressing connotation.

CONNOTE
Con*note", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Connoted; p.pr. & vb.n. Connoting.]
Etym: [See Connotate, and Note.]

1. To mark along with; to suggest or indicate as additional; to
designate by implication; to include in the meaning; to imply.
Good, in the general notion of it, connotes also a certain
suitableness of it to some other thing. South.

2. (Logic)

Defn: To imply as an attribute.
The word "white" denotes all white things, as snow, paper, the foam
of the sea, etc., and ipmlies, or as it was termed by the schoolmen,
connotes, the attribute "whiteness." J. S. Mill.

CONNUBIAL
Con*nu"bi*al, a. Etym: [L. connubialis, fr. connubium marriage; con-
+ nubere to veil, to marry. See Nupital.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to marriage, or the marriage state; conjugal;
nuptial.
Nor Eve the rites Mysterious of connubial love refused. Milton.
Kind, connubial tenderness. Goldsmith.

CONNUBIALITY
Con*nu`bi*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being connubial; something characteristics of
the conjugal state; an expression of connubial tenderness.
Some connubialities which had begun to pass between Mr. and Mrs. B.
Dickens.

CONNUMERATION
Con*nu`mer*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. connumeratio, fr. L. connumerare, -
numeratum, to number with.]

Defn: A reckoning together. [R.] Porson.

CONNUSANCE
Con"nu*sance, n. (Law)

Defn: See Cognizance. [Obs.]

CONNUSANT
Con"nu*sant, a. (Law)

Defn: See Cognizant. [Obs.]

CONNUSOR
Con`nu*sor", n. (Law)

Defn: See Cognizor. [Obs.]

CONNUTRITIOUS
Con`nu*tri"tious, a.

Defn: Nutritious by force of habit; -- said of certain kinds of food.
[Obs.] Crabb.

CONNY
Con"ny, a. [Canny, Gunning.]

Defn: Brave; fine; canny. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

CONODONT
Co"no*dont, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar toothlike fossil of many forms, found especially in
carboniferous rocks. Such fossils are supposed by some to be the
teeth of marsipobranch fishes, but they are probably the jaws of
annelids.

CONOID
Co"noid, n. Etym: [Gr. conoïde.]

1. Anything that has a form resembling that of a cone.

2. (Geom.)
(a) A solid formed by the revolution of a conic section about its
axis; as, a parabolic conoid, elliptic conoid, etc.; -- more commonly
called paraboloid, ellipsoid, etc.
(b) A surface which may be generated by a straight line moving in
such a manner as always to meet a given straight line and a given
curve, and continue parallel to a given plane. Math. Dict.

CONOID
Co"noid

Defn: , Resembling a cone; conoidal.

CONOIDAL
Co*noid"al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. conoïdal.]

Defn: Nearly, but not exactly, conical. Lindley.

CONOIDIC; CONOIDICAL
Co*noid"ic, Co*noid"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a conoid; having the form of a conoid.

CONOMINEE
Co*nom`i*nee", n.

Defn: One nominated in conjunction with another; a joint nominee.
Kirby.

CONQUADRATE
Con*quad"rate, v. t. Etym: [L. conquadratus, p.p. of conquadrare.]

Defn: To bring into a square. [R.] Ash.

CONQUASSATE
Con*quas"sate, v. t. Etym: [L. conquassatus, p.p. of conquassare.]

Defn: To shake; to agitate. [Obs.] Harvey.
 -- Con`quas*sa"tion, n. [Obs.]

CONQUER
Con"quer, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Conquered; p.pr. & vb.n. Conquering.]
Etym: [OF. conquerre, F. conquérir, fr. L. conquirere, -quisitum, to
seek or search for, to bring together, LL., to conquer; con- +
quaerere to seek. See Quest.]

1. To gain or acquire by force; to take possession of by violent
means; to gain dominion over; to subdue by physical means; to reduce;
to overcome by force of arms; to cause to yield; to vanquish. "If
thou conquer Rome." Shak.
If we be conquer'd, let men conquer us. Shak.
We conquered France, but felt our captive's charms. Pope.

2. To subdue or overcome by mental or moral power; to surmount; as,
to conquer difficulties, temptatin, etc.
By winning words to conquer hearts, And make persuasion do the work
of fear. Milton.

3. To gain or obtain, overcoming obstacles in the way; to win; as, to
conquer freedom; to conquer a peace.

Syn.
 -- To subdue; vanquish; overcome; overpower; overthrow; defeat;
rout; discomfit; subjugate; reduce; humble; crush; surmount; subject;
master.
 -- To Conquer, Vanquish, Subdue, Subjugate, Overcome. These words
agree in the general idea expressed by overcome, -- that of bringing
under one's power by the exertion of force. Conquer is wider and more
general than vanquish, denoting usually a succession of conflicts.
Vanquish is more individual, and refers usually to a single conflict.
Thus, Alexander conquered Asia in a succession of battles, and
vanquished Darius in one decisive engagement. Subdue implies a more
gradual and continual pressure, but a surer and more final
subjection. We speak of a nation as subdued when its spirit is at
last broken, so that no further resistance is offered. Subjugate is
to bring completely under the yoke of bondage. The ancient Gauls were
never finally subdued by the Romans until they were completely
subjugated. These words, when used figuratively, have correspondent
meanings. We conquer our prejudices or aversions by a succesion of
conflicts; but we sometimes vanquish our reluctance to duty by one
decided effort: we endeavor to subdue our evil propensities by
watchful and persevering exertions. Subjugate is more commonly taken
in its primary meaning, and when used figuratively has generally a
bad sense; as, his reason was completely subjugated to the sway of
his passions.

CONQUER
Con"quer, v. i.

Defn: To gain the victory; to overcome; to prevail.
He went forth conquering and to conquer. Rev. vi. 2.
The champions resolved to conquer or to die. Waller.

CONQUERABLE
Con*quer*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being conquered or subdued. South.
 -- Con"quer*a*ble*ness, n.

CONQUERESS
Con"quer*ess, n.

Defn: A woman who conquers. Fairfax.

CONQUEROR
Con"quer*or, n. Etym: [OF. conquereor, fr. conquerre,]

Defn: One who conquers. The Conqueror (Eng. Hist.). William the
Norman (1027-1067) who invaded England, defeated Harold in the battle
of Hastings, and was crowned king, in 1066.

CONQUEST
Con"quest, n. Etym: [OF. conquest, conqueste, F. conquête, LL.
conquistum, conquista, prop. p.p. from L. conquirere. See Conquer.]

1. The act or process of conquering, or acquiring by force; the act
of overcoming or subduing opposition by force, whether physical or
moral; subjection; subjugation; victory.
In joys of conquest he resigns his breath. Addison.
Three years sufficed for the conquest of the country. Prescott.

2. That which is conquered; possession gained by force, physical or
moral.
Wherefore rejoice What conquest brings he home Shak.

3. (Feudal Law)

Defn: The acquiring of property by other means than by inheritance;
acquisition. Blackstone.

4. The act of gaining or regaining by successful strugle; as, the
conquest of liberty or peace. The Conquest (Eng. Hist.), the
subjugation of England by William of Normandy in 1066.

Syn.
 -- Victory; triumph; mastery; reduction; subjugation; subjection.

CONQUIAN
Con"qui*an, n. (Card Playing)

Defn: A game for two, played with 40 cards, in which each player
tries to form three or four of a kind or sequences.

CONSANGUINEAL
Con`san*guin"e*al, a.

Defn: Of the same blood; related by birth. Sir T. Browne.

CONSANGUINED
Con*san"guined, a.

Defn: Of kin blood; related. [R.] Johnson.

CONSANGUINEOUS
Con`san*guin"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. conguineus; con- + sanguis blood:
cf. F. consanguin. See Sanquine.]

Defn: Of the same blood; related by birth; descended from the same
parent or ancestor. Shak.

CONSANGUINITY
Con`san*guin"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. consanguinitas: cf. F.
consanguintit.]

Defn: The relation of person by blood, is distinction from affinity
or relation by marriage; blood relationship; as, lineal
consanguinity; collateral consanguinity.
Invoking aid by the ties of consanguinity. Prescott.

CONSARCINATION
Con*sar`ci*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. consarcinare, -natum, to patch
together.]

Defn: A patching together; patchwork. [Obs.] Bailey.

CONSCIENCE
Con"science, n. Etym: [F. conscience, fr. L. conscientia, fr.
consciens, p.pr. of conscire to know, to be conscious; con- + scire
to know. See Science.]

1. Knowledge of one's own thoughts or actions; consciousness. [Obs.]
The sweetest cordial we receive, at last, Is conscience of our
virtuous actions past. Denham.

2. The faculty, power, or inward principle which decides as to the
character of one's own actions, purposes, and affections, warning
against and condemning that which is wrong, and approving and
prompting to that which is right; the moral faculty passing judgment
on one's self; the moral sense.
My conscience hath a thousand several tongues, And every tongue
brings in a several tale, And every tale condemns me for a villain.
Shak.
As science means knowledge, conscience etymologically means self-
knowledge . . . But the English word implies a moral standard of
action in the mind as well as a consciousness of our own actions. . .
. Conscience is the reason, employed about questions of right and
wrong, and accompanied with the sentiments of approbation and
condemnation. Whewell.

3. The estimate or determination of conscience; conviction or right
or duty.
Conscience supposes the existence of some such [i.e., moral] faculty,
and properly signifies our consciousness of having acted agreeably or
contrary to its directions. Adam Smith.

4. Tenderness of feeling; pity. [Obs.] Chaucer. Conscience clause, a
clause in a general law exempting persons whose religious scruples
forbid compliance therewith, -- as from taking judicial oaths,
rendering military service, etc.
 -- Conscience money, stolen or wrongfully acquired money that is
voluntarily restored to the rightful possessor. Such money paid into
the United States treasury by unknown debtors is called the
Conscience fund.
 -- Court of Conscience, a court established for the recovery of
small debts, in London and other trading cities and districts. [Eng.]
Blackstone.
 -- In conscience, In all conscience, in deference or obedience to
conscience or reason; in reason; reasonably. "This is enough in
conscience." Howell. "Half a dozen fools are, in all conscience, as
many as you should require." Swift.
 -- To make conscience of, To make a matter of conscience, to act
according to the dictates of conscience concerning (any matter), or
to scruple to act contrary to its dictates.

CONSCIENCED
Con"scienced, a.

Defn: Having a conscience. [R.] "Soft-conscienced men." Shak.

CONSCIENCELESS
Con"science*less, a.

Defn: Without conscience; indifferent to conscience; unscrupulous.
Conscienceless and wicked patrons. Hookre.

CONSCIENT
Con"scient, a. Etym: [L. consciens, -entis, p.pr.]

Defn: Conscious. [R.] Bacon.

CONSCIENTIOUS
Con`sci*en"tious, a. Etym: [Cf. F. consciencieux, LL.
conscientiosus.]

1. Influenced by conscience; governed by a strict regard to the
dictates of conscience, or by the known or supposed rules of right
and wrong; -- said of a person.
The advice of wise and conscientious men. Prescott.

2. Characterized by a regard to conscience; conformed to the dictates
of conscience; -- said of actions.
A holy and conscientious course. Abp. Tillotson.

Syn.
 -- Scrupulous; exact; faithful; just; upright.

CONSCIENTIOUSLY
Con`sci*en"tious*ly, adv.

Defn: In a conscientious manner; as a matter of conscience; hence;
faithfully; accurately; completely.

CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
Con`sci*en"tious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being conscientious; a scrupulous regard to the
dictates of conscience.

CONSCIONABLE
Con"scion*a*ble, a. Etym: [Irregularly formed fr. conscience.]

Defn: Governed by, or according to, conscience; reasonable; just.
Let my debtors have conscionable satisfaction. Sir H. Wotton.

CONSCIONABLENESS
Con"scion*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being conscionable; reasonableness. Johnson.

CONSCIONABLY
Con"scion*a*bly, adv.

Defn: Reasonably; justly.

CONSCIOUS
Con"scious, a. Etym: [L. conscius; con- + scire to know. See
Conscience.]

1. Possessing the faculty of knowing one's own thoughts or mental
operations.
Some are thinking or conscious beings, or have a power of thought. I.
Watts.

2. Possessing knowledge, whether by internal, conscious experience or
by external observation; cognizant; aware; sensible.
Her conscious heart imputed suspicion where none could have been
felt. Hawthorne.
The man who breathes most healthilly is least conscious of his own
breathing. De Quincey.

3. Made the object of consciousness; known to one's self; as,
conscious guilt.
With conscious terrors vex me round. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Aware; apprised; sensible; felt; known.

CONSCIOUSLY
Con"scious*ly, adv.

Defn: In a conscious manner; with knowledge of one's own mental
operations or actions.

CONSCIOUSNESS
Con"scious*ness, n.

1. The state of being conscious; knowledge of one's own existence,
condition, sensations, mental operations, acts, etc.
Consciousness is thus, on the one hand, the recognition by the mind
or "ego" of its acts and affections; -- in other words, the self-
affirmation that certain modifications are known by me, and that
these modifications are mine. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. Immediate knowledge or perception of the presence of any object,
state, or sensation. See the Note under Attention.
Annihilate the consciousness of the object, you annihilate the
consciousness of the operation. Sir W. Hamilton.
And, when the steam Which overflowed the soul had passed away, A
consciousness remained that it had left. . . . images and precious
thoughts That shall not die, and can not be destroyed. Wordsworth.
The consciousness of wrong brought with it the consciousness of
weakness. Froude.

3. Feeling, persuasion, or expectation; esp., inward sense of guilt
or innocence. [R.]
An honest mind is not in the power of a dishonest: to break its peace
there must be some guilt or consciousness. Pope.

CONSCRIBE
Con*scribe", v. t. Etym: [L. conscribere. See Conscript.]

Defn: To enroll; to enlist. [Obs.] E. Hall.

CONSCRIPT
Con"script, a. Etym: [L. conscriptus, p.p. of conscribere to write
together, to enroll; con- + scribere to write. See Scribe.]

Defn: Enrolled; written; registered. Conscript fathers (Rom. Antiq.),
the senators of ancient Rome. When certain new senators were first
enrolled with the "fathers" the body was called Patres et Conscripti;
afterward all were called Patres conscripti.

CONSCRIPT
Con"script, n.

Defn: One taken by lot, or compulsorily enrolled, to serve as a
soldier or sailor.

CONSCRIPT
Con*script", v. t.

Defn: To enroll, by compulsion, for military service.

CONSCRIPTION
Con*scrip"tion, n. Etym: [L. conscriptio: cf. F. conscription.]

1. An enrolling or registering.
The conscription of men of war. Bp. Burnet.

2. A compulsory enrollment of men for military or naval service; a
draft.

CONSCRIPTION
Con*scrip"tion, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or of the nature of, a conspiration.

CONSECRATE
Con"se*crate, a. Etym: [L. consceratus, p.p. of conscerare to
conscerate; con- + sacrare to consecrate, sacer sacred. See Sacred.]

Defn: Consecrated; devoted; dedicated; sacred.
They were assembled in that consecrate place. Bacon.

CONSECRATE
Con"se*crate, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Consecrated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Consecrating.]

1. To make, or declare to be, sacred; to appropriate to sacred uses;
to set apart, dedicate, or devote, to the service or worship of God;
as, to consecrate a church; to give (one's self) unreservedly, as to
the service of God.
One day in the week is . . . consecrated to a holy rest. Sharp.

2. To set apart to a sacred office; as, to consecrate a bishop.
Thou shalt consecrate Aaron and his sons. Ex. xxix. 9.

3. To canonize; to exalt to the rank of a saint; to enroll among the
gods, as a Roman emperor.

4. To render venerable or revered; to hallow; to dignify; as, rules
or principles consecrated by time. Burke.

Syn.
 -- See Addict.

CONSECRATER
Con"se*cra`ter, n.

Defn: Consecrator.

CONSECRATION
Con`se*cra"tion, n. Etym: [L. consecratio: cf. F. consécration.]

Defn: The act or ceremony of consecrating; the state of being
consecrated; dedication.
Until the days of your consecration be at an end. Lev. viii. 33.
Consecration makes not a place sacred, but only solemny declares it
so. South.

CONSECRATOR
Con"se*cra`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who consecrates; one who performs the rites by which a
person or thing is devoted or dedicated to sacred purposes. [Written
also consecrater.]

CONSECRATORY
Con"se*cra*to*ry ( or ), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the act of consecration; dedicatory.
The consecratory prayer. Bp. Burnet.

CONSECTANEOUS
Con`sec*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. consectaneus.]

Defn: Following as a matter of course. Blount.

CONSECTARY
Con"sec*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. consectarius, fr. consectari to follow
after eagerly; con- + sectari to follow eagerly, fr. sequi to
follow.]

Defn: Following by consequence; consequent; deducible. [R.]
"Consectary impieties." Sir T. Browne.

CONSECTARY
Con"sec*ta*ry, n.

Defn: That which follows by consequence or is logically deducible;
deduction from premises; corollary. [R.] Milton.

CONSECUTE
Con"se*cute, v. t.

Defn: To follow closely; to endeavor to overtake; to pursue. [Obs.]
Bp. Burnet.

CONSECUTION
Con`se*cu"tion, n. Etym: [L. consecutio. See Consequent.]

1. A following, or sequel; actual or logical dependence. Sir M. Hale.

2. A succession or series of any kind. [Obs.] Sir I. Newton. Month of
consecution (Astron.), a month as reckoned from one conjunction of
the moon with the sun to another.

CONSECUTIVE
Con*sec"u*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. consécutif. See Consequent.]

1. Following in a train; suceeding one another in a regular order;
successive; uninterrupted in course or succession; with no interval
or break; as, fifty consecutive years.

2. Following as a consequence or result; actually or logically
dependent; consequential; succeeding.
The actions of a man consecutive to volition. Locke.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: Having similarity of sequence; -- said of certain parallel
progressions of two parts in a piece of harmony; as, consecutive
fifths, or consecutive octaves, which are forbidden. Consecutive
chords (Mus.), chords of the same kind suceeding one another without
interruption.

CONSECUTIVELY
Con*sec"u*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a consecutive manner; by way of sequence; successively.

CONSECUTIVENESS
Con*sec"u*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being consecutive.

CONSENSION
Con*sen"sion, n. Etym: [L. consensio.]

Defn: Agreement; accord. Bentley.

CONSENSUAL
Con*sen"su*al, a. Etym: [See Consent, v. i., and cf. Sensual.]

1. (Law)

Defn: Existing, or made, by the mutual consent of two or more
parties.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Excited or caused by sensation, sympathy, or reflex action, and
not by conscious volition; as, consensual motions. Consensual
contract (Law), a contract formed merely by consent, as a marriage
contract.

CONSENSUS
Con*sen"sus, n. Etym: [L. See Consent.]

Defn: Agreement; accord; consent.
That traditional consensus of society which we call public opinion.
Tylor.

CONSENT
Con*sent", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Consented; p.pr. & vb.n Consenting.]
Etym: [F. consentir, fr. L. consentire, -sensum, to feel together,
agree; con- + sentire to feel. See Sense.]

1. To agree in opinion or sentiment; to be of the same mind; to
accord; to concur.
And Saul was consenting unto his death. Acts. viii. 1.
Flourishing many years before Wyclif, and much consenting with him in
jugdment. Fuller.

2. To indicate or express a willingness; to yield to guidance,
persuasion, or necessity; to give assent or approval; to comply.
My poverty, but not my will, consents. Shak.
And whispering "I will ne'er consent," -- consented. Byron.

Syn.
 -- To accede; yield; assent; comply; agree; allow; concede; permit;
admit; concur; acquiesce.

CONSENT
Con*sent", v. t.

Defn: To grant; to allow; to assent to; to admit. [Obs.]
Interpreters . . . will not consent it to be a true story. Milton.

CONSENT
Con*sent", n. Etym: [Cf. OF. consent.]

1. Agreement in opinion or sentiment; the being of one mind; accord.
All with one consent began to make exuse. Luke xiv. 18.
They feil together all, as by consent. Shak.

2. Correspondence in parts, qualities, or operations; agreement;
harmony; coherence.
The melodious consent of the birds. Holland.
Such is the world's great harmony that springs From union, order,
full consent of things. Pope.

3. Voluntary accordance with, or concurrence in, what is done or
proposed by another; acquiescence; compliance; approval; permission.
Thou wert possessed of David's throne By free consent of all. Milton.

4. (Law)

Defn: Capable, deliberate, and voluntary assent or agreement to, or
concurrence in, some act or purpose, implying physical and mental
power and free action.

5. (Physiol.)

Defn: Sympathy. See Sympathy, 4.

Syn.
 -- Assent; acquiescence; concurrence; agreement; approval;
permission. See Assent. Age of consent (Law), an age, fixed by
statute and varying in different jurisdictions, at which one is
competent to give consent. Sexual intercourse with a female child
under the age of consent is punishable as rape.

CONSENTANEITY
Con*sen`ta*ne"i*ty, n.

Defn: Mutual agreement. [R.]

CONSENTANEOUS
Con`sen*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. consentaneus.]

Defn: Consistent; agreeable; suitable; accordant to; harmonious;
concurrent.
A good law and consentaneous to reason. Howell.
-- Con`sen*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Con`sen*ta"ne*ous*ness, n.

CONSENTANT
Con*sent"ant, a. Etym: [F., p. pr. of consentir.]

Defn: Consenting. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CONSENTER
Con*sent"er, a.

Defn: One who consents.

CONSENTIENT
Con*sen"tient, a. Etym: [L. consentients, p. pr. See Consent.]

Defn: Agreeing in mind; accordant.
The consentient judgment of the church. Bp. Pearson.

CONSENTINGLY
Con*sent"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With consent; in a compliant manner. Jer. Taylor.

CONSEQUENCE
Con"se*quence, n. Etym: [L., consequentia: cf. F. conséquence. See
Consequent.]

1. That which follows something on which it depends; that which is
produced by a cause; a result.
Shun to taste, And shun the bitter consequence. Milton.

2. (Logic)

Defn: A proposition collected from the agreement of other previous
propositions; any conclusion which results from reason or argument;
inference.

3. Chain of causes and effects; consecution.
Such fatal consequence unites us three. Milton.
Link follows link by necessary consequence. Coleridge.

4. Importance with respect to what comes after; power to influence or
produce an effect; value; moment; rank; distinction.
It is a matter of small consequence. Shak.
A sense of your own worth and consequence. Cowper.
In consequence, hence; for this cause.
 -- In consequence of, by reason of; as the effect of.

Syn.
 -- Effect; result; end. See Effect.

CONSEQUENCING
Con"se*quen`cing, n.

Defn: Drawing inference. [R.] Milton.

CONSEQUENT
Con"se*quent, a. Etym: [L. consequens, -entis, p. pr. of consequi to
follow; con- + sequi to follow: cf. F. conséquent. See Second, and
cf. Consecution.]

1. Following as a result, inference, or natural effect.
The right was consequent to, and built on, an act perfectly personal.
Locke.

2. (Logic)

Defn: Following by necessary inference or rational deduction; as, a
proposition consequent to other propositions. Consequent points,
Consequent poles (Magnetism), a number of poles distributed under
certain conditions, along the axis of a magnetized steel bar, which
regularly has but the two poles at the extremities.

CONSEQUENT
Con"se*quent, n.

1. That which follows, or results from, a cause; a result or natural
effect.
They were ill-governed, which is always a consequent of ill payment.
Sir J. Davies.

2. (Logic)

Defn: That which follows from propositions by rational deduction;
that which is deduced from reasoning or argumentation; a conclusion,
or inference.

3. (Math.)

Defn: The second term of a ratio, as the term b in the ratio a:b, the
first a, being the antecedent.

CONSEQUENTIAL
Con`se*quen"tial, a.

1. Following as a consequence, result, or logical inference;
consequenment.
All that is revealed in Scripture has a consequential necessity of
being believed . . . because it is of divine authority. Locke.
These kind of arguments . . . are highly consequential and concludent
to my purpose. Sir M. Hale.

2. Assuming or exhibiting an air of consequence; pretending to
importance; pompous; self-important; as, a consequential man. See
Consequence, n., 4.
His stately and consequential pace. Sir W. Scott.
Consequential damage (Law) (a) Damage so remote as not to be
actionable (b) Damage which although remote is actionable. (c)
Actionable damage, but not following as an immediate result of an
act.

CONSEQUENTIALLY
Con`se*quen"tial*ly, adv.

1. With just deduction of consequence; with right connection of
ideas; logically.
The faculty of writing consequentially. Addison.

2. By remote consequence; not immediately; eventually; as, to do a
thing consequentially. South.

3. In a regular series; in the order of cause and effect; with
logical concatenation; consecutively; continuously.

4. With assumed importance; pompously.

CONSEQUENTIALNESS
Con`se*quen"tial*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being consequential.

CONSEQUENTLY
Con"se*quent*ly, adv.

Defn: By consequence; by natural or logical sequence or connection.

Syn.
 -- See Accordingly.

CONSERTION
Con*ser"tion, n. Etym: [L. consertio, fr. conserere, -sertum to
connect; con- + serere to join.]

Defn: Junction; adaptation [R.]
Consertion of design, how exquisite. Young.

CONSERVABLE
Con*serv"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. conservabilitis.]

Defn: Capable of being preserved from decay or injury.

CONSERVANCY
Con*serv"an*cy, n.

Defn: Conservation, as from injury, defilement, or irregular use.
[An act was] passed in 1866, for vesting in the Conservators of the
River Thames the conservancy of the Thames and Isis. Mozley & W.

CONSERVANT
Con*serv"ant, a. Etym: [L. conservans, p.pr.]

Defn: Having the power or quality of conservation.

CONSERVATION
Con`ser*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. conservatio: cf. F. conservation.]

Defn: The act of preserving, guarding, or protecting; the keeping (of
a thing) in a safe or entire state; preservation.
A step necessary for the conservation of Protestantism. Hallam.
A state without the means of some change is without the means of its
conservation. Burke.
Conservation of areas (Astron.), the principle that the radius vector
drawn from a planet to the sun sweeps over equal areas in equal
times.
 -- Conservation of energy, or Conservation of force (Mech.), the
principle that the total energy of any material system is a quantity
which can neither be increased nor diminished by any action between
the parts of the system, though it may be transformed into any of the
forms of which energy is susceptible. Clerk Maxwell.

CONSERVATIONAL
Con`ser*va"tion*al, a.

Defn: Tending to conserve; preservative.

CONSERVATISM
Con*serv"a*tism, n. Etym: [For conservatism.]

Defn: The disposition and tendency to preserve what is established;
opposition to change; the habit of mind; or conduct, of a
conservative.

CONSERVATIVE
Con*serv"a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. conservatif.]

1. Having power to preserve in a safe of entire state, or from loss,
waste, or injury; preservative.

2. Tending or disposed to maintain existing institutions; opposed to
change or innovation.

3. Of or pertaining to a political party which favors the
conservation of existing institutions and forms of government as the
Conservative party in england; -- contradistinguished from Liberal
and Radical.
We have always been conscientuously attached to what is called the
Tory, and which might with more propierty be called the Conservative,
party. Quart. Rev. (1830).
Conservative system (Mech.), a material sustem of such a nature that
after the system has undergone any series of changes, and been
brought back in any manner to its original state, the whole work done
by external agents on the system is equal to the whole work done by
the system overcoming external forces. Clerk Maxwell.

CONSERVATIVE
Con*serv"a*tive, n.

1. One who, or that which, preserves from ruin, injury, innovation,
or radical change; a preserver; a conserver.
The Holy Spirit is the great conservative of the new life. Jer.
Taylor.

2. One who desires to maintain existing institutions and customs;
also, one who holds moderate opinions in politics; -- opposed to
revolutionary or radical.

3. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: A member of the Conservative party.

CONSERVATIVENESS
Con*serv"a*tive*ness, a.

Defn: The quality of being conservative.

CONSERVATOIRE
Con`ser"va*toire`, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A public place of instruction in any special branch, esp. music
and the arts. [See Conservatory, 3].

CONSERVATOR
Con"ser*va`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. conservateur.]

1. One who preserves from injury or violation; a protector; a
preserver.
The great Creator and Conservator of the world. Derham.

2. (Law)
(a) An officer who has charge of preserving the public peace, as a
justice or sheriff.
(b) One who has an official charge of preserving the rights and
privileges of a city, corporation, community, or estate.
The lords of the secret council were likewise made conservators of
the peace of the two kingdoms. Clarendon.
The conservator of the estate of an idiot. Bouvier.
Conservators of the River Thames, a board of comissioners instituted
by Parliament to have the conservancy of the Thames.

CONSERVATORY
Con*serv"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. conservatoire, LL.
conservatorius.]

Defn: Having the quality of preserving from loss, decay, or injury.

CONSERVATORY
Con*serv"a*to*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. conservatoire, LL.
conservatorium.]

1. That which preserves from injury. [Obs.] "A conservatory of life."
Jer. Taylor.

2. A place for preserving anything from loss, decay, waste, or
injury; particulary, a greenhouse for preserving exotic or tender
plants.

3. A public place of instruction, designed to preserve and perfect
the knowledge of some branch of science or art, esp. music.

CONSERVATRIX
Con`ser*va"trix, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A woman who preserves from loss, injury, etc.

CONSERVE
Con*serve", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Conserved; p.pr. & vb.n. Conserving.]
Etym: [F. conserver, L. conservare; con- + servare to keep, guard.
See Serve.]

1. To keep in a safe or sound state; to save; to preserve; to
protect.
The amity which . . . they meant to conserve and maintain with the
emperor. Strype.

2. To prepare with sugar, etc., for the purpose of preservation, as
fruits, etc.; to make a conserve of.

CONSERVE
Con"serve, n. Etym: [F. conserve, fr. conserver.]

1. Anything which is conserved; especially, a sweetmeat prepared with
sugar; a confection.
I shall . . . study broths, plasters, and conserves, till from a fine
lady I become a notable woman. Tatler.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A medicinal confection made of freshly gathered vegetable
substances mixed with finely powdered refined sugar. See Confection.

3. A conservatory. [Obs.] Evelyn.

CONSERVER
Con*serv"er, n.

Defn: One who conserves.

CONSIDER
Con*sid"er, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Considered; p.pr. & vb.n.
Considering.] Etym: [F. considérer, L. considerare, -sideratum, to
consider, view attentively, prob. fr. con- + sidus, sideris, star,
constellation; orig., therefore, to look at the stars. See Sidereal,
and cf. Desire.]

1. To fix the mind on, with a view to a careful examination; to thank
on with care; to ponder; to study; to meditate on.
I will consider thy testimonies. Ps. cxix. 95.
Thenceforth to speculations high or deep I turned my thoughts, and
with capacious mind Considered all things visible. Milton.

2. To look at attentively; to observe; to examine.
She considereth a field, and buyeth it. Prov. xxxi. 16.

3. To have regard to; to take into view or account; to pay due
attention to; to respect.
Consider, sir, the chance of war: the day Was yours by accident.
Shak.
England could grow into a posture of being more united at home, and
more considered abroad. Sir W. Temple.

4. To estamate; to think; to regard; to view.
Considered as plays, his works are absurd. Macaulay.

Note: The proper sense of consider is often blended with an idea of
the result of considering; as, "Blessed is he that considereth the
poor." Ps. xli. 1. ; i.e., considers with sympathy and pity. "Which
[services] if I have not enough considered." Shak. ; i.e., requited
as the sufficient considering of them would suggest. "Consider him
liberally." J. Hooker.

Syn.
 -- To ponder; weigh; revolve; study; reflect or meditate on;
contemplate; examine. See Ponder.

CONSIDER
Con*sid"er, v. i.

1. To think seriously; to make examination; to reflect; to
deliberate.
We will consider of your suit. Shak.
'T were to consider too curiously, to consider so. Shak.
She wished she had taken a moment to consider, before rushing down
stairs. W. Black

2. To hesitate. [Poetic & R.] Dryden.

CONSIDERABLE
Con*sid"er*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. considérable.]

1. Worthy of consideration, borne in mind, or attended to.
It is considerable, that some urns have had inscriptions on them
expressing that the lamps were burning. Bp. Wilkins.
Eternity is infinitely the most considerable duration. Tillotson.

2. Of some distinction; noteworthy; influential; respectable; -- said
of persons.
You are, indeed, a very considerable man. Junius.

3. Of importance or value.
In painting, not every action, nor every person, is considerable
enough to enter into the cloth. Dryden.
A considerable sum of money. Prescott.

CONSIDERABLENESS
Con*sid"er*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Worthiness of consideration; dignity; value; size; amount.

CONSIDERABLY
Con*sid"er*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a manner or to a degree not trifling or unimportant;
greatly; much.
The breeds . . . differ considerably from each other. Darwin.

CONSIDERANCE
Con*sid"er*ance, n. Etym: [L. considerantia.]

Defn: Act of considering; consideration. [Obs.] Shak.

CONSIDERATE
Con*sid"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. consideratus, p.p.]

1. Given to consideration or to sober reflection; regardful of
consequences or circumstances; circumspect; careful; esp. careful of
the rights, claims, and feelings of other.
Of dauntless courage and considerate pride. Milton.
considerate, and careful of his people. Dryden.
The wisest and most considerate men in the world. Sharp.

2. Having respect to; regardful. [R.]
They may be . . . more considerate of praise. Dr. H. More.

Syn.
 -- Thoughtful; reflective; careful; discreet; prudent; deliberate;
serious. See Thoughtful.
 -- Con*sid"er*ate*ly, adv.
 -- Con*sid"er*ate*ness, n.

CONSIDERATION
Con*sid`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. consideratio: cf. F. consid.]

1. The act or process of considering; continuous careful thought;
examination; contemplation; deliberation; attention.
Let us think with consideration. Sir P. Sidney.
Consideration, like an angel, came. Shak.

2. Attentive respect; appreciative regard; -- used especially in
diplomatic or stately correspondence.
The undersigned has the honor to repeat to Mr. Hulseman the assurance
of his high consideration. D. Webster.
The consideration with which he was treated. Whewell.

3. Thoughtful or sympathetic regard or notice.
Consideration for the poor is a doctrine of the church. Newman.

4. Claim to notice or regard; some degree of importance or
consequence.
Lucan is the only author of consideration among the Latin poets who
was not explained for . . . the Dauphin. Addison.

5. The result of delibration, or of attention and examonation;
matured opinion; a reflection; as, considerations on the choice of a
profession.

6. That which is, or should be, taken into account as a ground of
opinion or action; motive; reason.
He was obliged, antecedent to all other considerations, to search an
asylum. Dryden.
Some considerations which are necessary to the forming of a correct
judgment. Macaulay.

7. (Law)

Defn: The cause which moves a contracting party to enter into an
agreement; the material cause of a contract; the price of a
stripulation; compensation; equivalent. Bouvier.

Note: Consideration is what is done, or promised to be done, in
exchange for a promise, and "as a mere advantage to the promisor
without detriment to the promisee would not avail, the proper test is
detriment to the promisee." Wharton.

CONSIDERATIVE
Con*sid"er*a*tive, a.

Defn: Considerate; careful; thoughtful. [Archaic]
I love to be considerative. B. Jonson.

CONSIDERATOR
Con*sid"er*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who considers. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

CONSIDERER
Con*sid"er*er, n.

Defn: One who considers; a man of reflection; a thinker. Milton.

CONSIDERINGLY
Con*sid"er*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With consideration or deliberation.

CONSIGN
Con*sign", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Consigned 3; p.pr. & vb.n. Consigning.]
Etym: [F. consigner, L. consignare, -signatu,, to seal or sign; con-
+ signare, fr. signum mark. See Sign.]

1. To give, transfer, or deliver, in a formal manner, as if by
signing over into the possession of another, or into a different
state, with the sense of fixedness in that state, or permanence of
possession; as, to consign the body to the grave.
At the day of general account, good men are to be consigned over to
another state. Atterbury.

2. To give in charge; to commit; to intrust.
Atrides, parting for the Trojan war, Consigned the youthful consort
to his care. Pope.
The four evangelists consigned to writing that history. Addison.

3. (Com.)

Defn: To send or address (by bill of lading or otherwise) to an agent
or correspondent in another place, to be cared for or sold, or for
the use of such correspondent; as, to cosign a cargo or a ship; to
set apart.

4. To assign; to devote; to set apart.
The French commander consigned it to the use for which it was
intended by the donor. Dryden.

5. To stamp or impress; to affect. [Obs.]
Consign my spirit with great fear. Jer. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- To commit; deliver; intrust; resign. See Commit.

CONSIGN
Con*sign", v. i.

1. To submit; to surrender or yield one's self. [Obs.]
All lovers young, all lovers must Consign to thee, and come to dust.
Shak.

2. To yield consent; to agree; to acquiesce. [Obs.]
Augment or alter . . . And we'll consign thereto. Shak.

CONSIGNATARY
Con*sig"na*ta*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. Consignitary.]

Defn: A consignee. [Obs.] Jenkins.

CONSIGNATION
Con`sig*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. consignatio written proof, document:
cf. F. consignation comsignation.]

1. The act of consigning; the act of delivering or committing to
another person, place, or state. [Obs.]
So is despair a certain consignation to eternal ruin. Jer. Taylor.

2. The act of ratifying or establishing, as if signing; confirmation;
ratuficator.
A direct consignation of pardon. Jer. Taylor.

3. A stamp; an indication; a sign. [Obs.]
The most certain consignations of an excellent virtue. Jer. Taylor.

CONSIGNATORY
Con*sig"na*to*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. Consignitary.]

Defn: One of several that jointly sign a written instrument, as a
treaty. Fallows.

CONSIGNATURE
Con*sig"na*ture; 135), n.

Defn: Joint signature. [R.] Colgrave.

CONSIGNE
Con"signe, n. Etym: [F.] (Mil.)
(a) A countersign; a watchword.
(b) One who is orders to keep within certain limits.

CONSIGNEE
Con`sign*ee", n. Etym: [F. consign, p.p. of consigner.]

Defn: The person to whom goods or other things are consigned; a
factor; -- correlative to consignor.
Consigner and consignee are used by merchants to express generally
the shipper of merchandise, and the person to whom it is addressed,
by bill of lading or otherwise. De Colange.

CONSIGNER
Con*sign"er, n.

Defn: One who consigns. See Consignor.

CONSIGNIFICANT
Con`sig*nif"i*cant, a.

Defn: Having joint or equal signification; synonymous. [R.] Spelman.

CONSIGNIFICATION
Con*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Joint signification. [R.]

CONSIGNIFICATIVE
Con`sig*nif"i*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Consignificant; jointly significate. [R.]

CONSIGNIFY
Con*sig"ni*fy, v. t. Etym: [Pref. con- + sognify.]

Defn: To signify or denote in combination with something else.
The cipher . . . only serves to connote and consignify, and to change
the value or the figures. Horne Tooke.

CONSIGNMENT
Con*sign"ment, n.

1. The act of consigning; consignation.

2. (Com.)

Defn: The act of consigning or sending property to an agent or
correspondent in another place, as for care, sale, etc.

3. (Com.)

Defn: That which is consigned; the goods or commodities sent or
addressed to a consignee at one time or by one conveyance.
To increase your consignments of this valuable branch of national
commerce. Burke.

4. The writing by which anything is consigned.

CONSIGNOR
Con*sign"or ( or , n.

Defn: One who consigns something to another; -- opposed to consignee.
[Written also consigner.]

CONSILIENCE
Con*sil"i*ence, n. Etym: [con- + salire to leap.]

Defn: Act of concurring; coincidence; concurrence.
The consilience of inductions takes place when one class of facts
coincides with an induction obtained from another different class.
Whewell.

CONSIMILITUDE; CONSIMILITY
Con`si*mil"i*tude, Con`si*mil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. consimilitude.
See Similitude.]

Defn: Common resemblance. [Obs.] Aubrey.

CONSIST
Con*sist", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Consisted; p.pr. & vb.n. Consisting.]
Etym: [L. consistere to stand still or firm; con- + sistere to stand,
cause to stand, stare to stand: cf. F. consister. See Stand.]

1. To stand firm; to be in a fixed or permanent state, as a body
composed of parts in union or connection; to hold together; to be; to
exist; to subsist; to be supported and maintained.
He is before all things, and by him all things consist. Col. i. 17.

2. To be composed or made up; -- followed by of.
The land would consist of plains and valleys. T. Burnet.

3. To have as its substance or character, or as its foundation; to
be; -- followed by in.
If their purgation did consist in words. Shak.
A man's life consisteth not in the abudance of the things which he
possesseth. Luke xii. 15.

4. To be cosistent or harmonious; to be in accordance; -- formerly
used absolutely, now followed by with.
This was a consisting story. Bp. Burnet.
Health consists with temperance alone. Pope.
For orders and degrees Jar not with liberty, but well consist.
Milton.

5. To insist; -- followed by on. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- To Consist, Consist of, Consist in. The verb consist is employed
chiefly for two purposes, which are marked and distinguished by the
prepositions used. When we wish to indicate the parts which unite to
compose a thing, we use of; as when we say, "Macaulay's Miscellanies
consist chiefly of articles which were first published in the
Edinburgh Review." When we wish to indicate the true nature of a
thing, or that on which it depends, we use in; as, "There are some
artists whose skill consists in a certain manner which they have
affected." "Our safety consists in a strict adherence to duty."

CONSISTENCE; CONSISTENCY
Con*sist"ence, Con*sist"en*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. consistance.]

1. The condition of standing or adhering together, or being fixed in
union, as the parts of a body; existence; firmness; coherence;
solidity.
Water, being divided, maketh many circles, till it restore itself to
the natural consistence. Bacon.
We are as water, weak, and of no consistence. Jer. Taylor.
The same form, substance, and consistency. T. Burned.

2. A degree of firmness, density, or spissitude.
Let the expressed juices be boiled into the consistence of a sirup.
Arbuthnot.

3. That which stands together as a united whole; a combination.
The church of God, as meaning whole consistence of orders and
members. Milton.

4. Firmness of constitution or character; substantiality; durability;
persistency.
His friendship is of a noble make and a lasting consistency. South.

5. Agreement or harmony of all parts of a complex thing among
themselves, or of the same thing with itself at different times; the
harmony of conduct with profession; congruity; correspondence; as,
the consistency of laws, regulations, or judicial decisions;
consistency of opinions; consistency of conduct or of character.
That consistency of behavior whereby he inflexibly pursues those
measures which appear the most just. Addison.
Consistency, thou art a jewel. Popular Saying.

CONSISTENT
Con*sist"ent, a. Etym: [L. consistens, p.pr.: cf. F. consistant.]

1. Possessing firmness or fixedness; firm; hard; solid.
The humoral and consistent parts of the body. Harvey.

2. Having agreement with itself or with something else; having
harmony among its parts; possesing unity; accordant; harmonious;
congruous; compatible; uniform; not contradictory.
Show me one that has it in his power To act consistent with himself
an hour. Pope.
With reference to such a lord, to serve and to be free are terms not
consistent only, but equivalent. South.

3. Living or acting in conformity with one's belief or professions.
It was utterly to be at once a consistent Quaker and a conspirator.
Macaulay.

CONSISTENTLY
Con*sist"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a consistent manner.

CONSISTORIAL
Con`sis*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. consistorial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a consistory. "Consistorial laws." Hooker.
"Consistorial courts." Bp. Hoadley.

CONSISTORIAN
Con`sis*to"rian, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a Presbyterian consistory; -- a contemptuous term
of 17th century controversy.
You fall next on the consistorian schismatics; for so you call
Presbyterians. Milton.

CONSISTORY
Con*sis"to*ry ( or ; 277) n.; pl. Consistories. Etym: [L.
consistorium a place of assembly, the place where the emperor's
council met, fr. consistere: cf. F. consistoire, It. consistorio. See
Consist.]

1. Primarily, a place of standing or staying together; hence, any
solemn assembly or council.
To council summons all his mighty peers, Within thick clouds and dark
tenfold involved, A gloomy consistory. Milton.

2. (Eng. Ch.)

Defn: The spiritual court of a diocesan bishop held before his
chancellor or commissioner in his cathedral church or elsewhere.
Hook.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: An assembly of prelates; a session of the college of cardinals
at Rome.
Pius was then hearing of causes in consistory. Bacon.

4. A church tribunal or governing body.

Note: In some churches, as the Dutch Reformed in America, a
consistory is composed of the minister and elders of an individual
church, corresponding to a Presbyterian church session, and in
others, as the Reformed church in France, it is composed of ministers
and elders, corresponding to a presbytery. In some Lutheran countries
it is a body of clerical and lay officers appointed by the sovereign
to superintend ecclesiastical affairs.

5. A civil court of justice. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CONSISTORY
Con*sis"to*ry, a.

Defn: Of the nature of, or pertaining to, a consistory. "To hold
consistory session." Strype.

CONSOCIATE
Con*so"ci*ate, n. Etym: [L. nsociatus, p.p. of consociare to
associate, unite; con- + sociare to join, unite. See Social.]

Defn: An associate; an accomplice. [Archaic] "Wicked consociates."
Bp. Hall.

CONSOCIATE
Con*so"ci*ate, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Consociated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Consociating.]

1. To bring into alliance, confederacy, or relationship; to bring
together; to join; to unite. [R.]
Join pole to pole, consociate severed worlds. Mallet.

2. To unite in an ecclesiastical consociation. [U.S.]

CONSOCIATE
Con*so"ci*ate, v. i.

1. To be allied, confederated, or associated; to coalescence. [R.]
Bentley.

2. To form an ecclesiastical consociation. [U.S.]

CONSOCIATION
Con*so`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. consociatio.]

1. Intimate union; fellowship; alliance; companionship;
confederation; association; intimacy.
A friendly consociation with your kindred elements. Warburton.

2. A voluntary and permanent council or union of neighboring
Congregational churches, for mutual advice and co

Note: In Connecticut some of the Congregational churhes are
associated in consociations and the others in conferences.

CONSOCIATIONAL
Con*so`ci*a"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a consociation. [U.S.]

CONSOL
Con*sol", n.

Defn: A consolidated annuity (see Consols); -- chiefly in combination
or attributively.

CONSOLABLE
Con*sol"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. consolabilis: cf. F. consolable.]

Defn: Capable of receiving consolation.

CONSOLATE
Con"so*late, v. t. Etym: [L. consolatus, p.p. See Console, v. t.]

Defn: To console; to comfort. [Obs.] Shak.

CONSOLATION
Con`so*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. consolatio: cf. F. consolation.]

Defn: The act of consoling; the state of being consoled; allevation
of misery or distress of mind; refreshment of spirit; comfort; that
which consoles or comforts the spirit.
Against such cruelties With inward consolations recompensed. Milton.
Are the consolations of God small with thee Job xv. 11.

Syn.
 -- Comfort; solace; allevation. See Comfort.

CONSOLATION GAME; CONSOLATION MATCH; CONSOLATION POT; CONSOLATION
RACE
Con`so*la"tion game, match, pot, race, etc.

Defn: A game, match, etc., open only to losers in early stages of
contests.

CONSOLATO DEL MARE
Con`so*la"to del ma"re. Etym: [It., the consulate of the sea.]

Defn: A collection of maritime laws of disputed origin, supposed to
have been first published at Barcelona early in the 14th century. It
has formed the basis of most of the subsequent collections of
maritime laws. Kent. Bouvier.

CONSOLATOR
Con"so*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who consoles or comforts. Johnson.

CONSOLATORY
Con*sol"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. consolatorius.]

Defn: Of a consoling or comforting nature.
The punishment of tyrants is a noble and awful act of justice; and it
has with truth been said to be consolatory to the human mind. Burke.

CONSOLATORY
Con*sol"a*to*ry, n.

Defn: That which consoles; a speech or writing intended for
consolation. [R.] Milton.

CONSOLE
Con*sole", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Consoled; p.pr. & vb.n. Consoling.]
Etym: [L. consolari,. p.p. consolatus; con- + solari to console,
comfort: cf. F. consoler. See Solace.]

Defn: To cheer in distress or depression; to alleviate the grief and
raise the spirits of; to relieve; to comfort; to soothe.
And empty heads console with empty sound. Pope.
I am much consoled by the reflection that the religion of Christ has
been attacked in vain by all the wits and philosophers, and its
triumph has been complete. P. Henry.

Syn.
 -- To comfort; solace; soothe; cheer; sustain; encourage; support.
See Comfort.

CONSOLE
Con"sole, n. Etym: [F.] (Arch.)
(a) A bracket whose projection is not more than half its height.
(b) Any small bracket; also, a console table. Console table, a table
whose top is supported by two or more consoles instead of legs.

CONSOLER
Con*sol"er, n.

Defn: One who gives consolation.

CONSOLIDANT
Con*sol"i*dant, a. Etym: [L. consolidans, p.pr. of consolidare: cf.
F. consolidant.]

Defn: Serving to unite or consolidate; having the quality of
consolidating or making firm.

CONSOLIDATE
Con*sol"i*date, a. Etym: [L. consolidatus, p.pr. of consolidare to
make firm; con- + solidare to make firm; solidus solid. See Solid,
and cf. Consound.]

Defn: Formed into a solid mass; made firm; consolidated. [R.]
A gentleman [should learn to ride] while he is tender and the brawns
and sinews of his thighs not fully consolidate. Elyot.

CONSOLIDATE
Con*sol"i*date, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Consolidated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Consolidating.]

1. To make solid; to unite or press together into a compact mass; to
harden or make dense and firm.
He fixed and consolidated the earth. T. Burnet.

2. To unite, as various particulars, into one mass or body; to bring
together in close union; to combine; as, to consolidate the armies of
the republic.
Consolidating numbers into unity. Wordsworth.

3. (Surg.)

Defn: To unite by means of applications, as the parts of a broken
bone, or the lips of a wound. [R.]

Syn.
 -- To unite; combine; harden; compact; condense; compress.

CONSOLIDATE
Con*sol"i*date, v. i.

Defn: To grow firm and hard; to unite and become solid; as, moist
clay consolidates by drying.
In hurts and ulcers of the head, dryness maketh them more apt to
consolidate. Bacon.

CONSOLIDATED
Con*sol"i*da`ted, p.p. & a.

1. Made solid, hard, or compact; united; joined; solidified.
The Aggregate Fund . . . consisted of a great variety of taxes and
surpluses of taxes and duties which were [in 1715] consolidated.
Rees.
A mass of partially consolidated mud. Tyndall.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a small surface in proportion to bulk, as in the cactus.
Consolidated plants are evidently adapted and designed for very dry
regions; in such only they are found. Gray.
The Consolidated Fund, a British fund formed by consolidating (in
1787) three public funds (the Aggregate Fund, the General Fund, and
the South Sea Fund). In 1816, the larger part of the revenues of
Great Britian and Ireland was assigned to what has been known as the
Consolidated Fund of the United Kingdom, out of which are paid the
interest of the national debt, the salaries of the civil list, etc.

CONSOLIDATION
Con*sol`i*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. consolidatio a confirming: cf. F.
consolidation.]

1. The act or process of consolidating, making firm, or uniting; the
state of being consolidated; solidification; combination.
The consolidation of the marble and of the stone did not fall out at
random. Woodward.
The consolidation of the great European monarchies. Hallam.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: To organic cohesion of different circled in a flower; adnation.

3. (Law)

Defn: The combination of several actions into one.

CONSOLIDATIVE
Con*sol"i*da*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. consolidatif.]

Defn: Tending or having power to consolidate; healing.

CONSOLING
Con*sol"ing, a.

Defn: Adapted to console or comfort; cheering; as, this is consoling
news.

CONSOLS
Con"sols ( or , n. pl. Etym: [A contraction of consolidated
(annuities).]

Defn: The leading British funded government security.

Note: A considerable part of the public debt of Great Britian, which
had been contracted in the form of annuities yielding various rates
of interest, was, in 1757, consolidated into one fund at 3 per cent
interest, the account of which is kept at the Bank of England. This
debt has been diminished and increased at different times, and now
constitutes somewhat more than half of the entire national debt. The
stocks are transferable, and Their value in the market constantly
fluctuates; the price at any time being regarded as a gauge of the
national prosperity and public confidence.

CONSOMME
Con`som`me, n. Etym: [F., lit. p.p. of consommer to finish.]
(Cookery)

Defn: A clear soup or bouillion boiled down so as to be very rich.

CONSONANCE; CONSONANCY
Con"so*nance, Con"so*nan*cy, n. Etym: [L. consonantia: cf. F.
consonnance.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: Accord or agreement of sounds produced simultaneously, as a
note with its third, fifth, and eighth.

2. Agreement or congruity; harmony; accord; consistency;
suitableness.
The perfect consonancy of our persecuted church to the doctrines of
Scripture and antiquity. Hammond.
The optic nerve responds to the waves with which it is in consonance.
Tyndall.

3. Friendship; concord. [Obs.]
By the consonancy of our youth. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Agreement; accord; consistency; unison; harmony; congruity;
suitableness; agreeableness.

CONSONANT
Con"so*nant, a. Etym: [L. consonans, -antis; p.pr. of consonare to
sound at the same time, agree; con- + sonare to sound: cf. F.
consonnant. See Sound to make a noise.]

1. Having agreement; congruous; consistent; according; -- usually
followed by with or to.
Each one pretends that his opinion . . . is consonant to the words
there used. Bp. Beveridge.
That where much is given shall be much required is a thing consonant
with natural equity. Dr. H. More.

2. Having like sounds.
Consonant words and syllables. Howell.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: harmonizing together; accordant; as, consonant tones, consonant
chords.

4. Of or pertaining to consonants; made up of, or containing many,
consonants.
No Russian whose dissonant consonant name Almost shatters to
fragments the trumpet of fame. T. Moore.

CONSONANT
Con"so*nant, n. Etym: [L. consonans, -antis.]

Defn: An articulate sound which in utterance is usually combined and
sounded with an open sound called a vowel; a member of the spoken
alphabet other than a vowel; also, a letter or character representing
such a sound.

Note: Consonants are divided into various classes, as mutes,
spirants, sibilants, nasals, semivowels, etc. All of them are sounds
uttered through a closer position of the organs than that of a vowel
proper, although the most open of them, as the semivowels and nasals,
are capable of being used as if vowels, and forming syllables with
other closer consonants, as in the English feeble (taken (

Note: "A consonant is the result of audible friction, squeezing, or
stopping of the breath in some part of the mouth (or occasionally of
the throath.) The main distinction between vowels and consonants is,
that while in the former the mouth configuration merely modifies the
vocalized breath, which is therefore an essential element of the
vowels, in consonants the narrowing or stopping of the oral passage
is the foundation of the sound, and the state of the glottis is
something secondary." H. Sweet.

CONSONANTAL
Con`so*nan"tal

Defn: ,

CONSONANTIZE
Con"so*nant*ize, v. t.

Defn: To change into, or use as, a consonant. "The vowel is
consonantized, that is, made closer in position." Peile.

CONSONANTLY
Con"so*nant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a consonant, consistent, or congruous manner; agreeably.

CONSONANTNESS
Con"so*nant*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being consonant, agreeable, or
consistent.

CONSONOUS
Con"so*nous, a. Etym: [L. consonus. See Consonant.]

Defn: Agreeing in sound; symphonious.

CONSOPIATION
Con*so`pi*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of sleeping, or of lulling, to sleep. [Obs.] Pope.

CONSOPITE
Con"so*pite, a. Etym: [L. consopitus, p.p. of consopire.]

Defn: Lulled to sleep. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

CONSOPITE
Con"so*pite, v. t.

Defn: To lull to sleep; to quiet; to compose. [Obs.]
The operation of the masculine faculties of the soul were, for a
while, well slacked and consopited. Dr. H. More.

CONSORT
Con"sort, n. Etym: [L. consore, -sortis; con- + sors lot, fate,
share. See Sort.]

1. One who shares the lot of another; a companion; a partner;
especially, a wife or husband. Milton.
He single chose to live, and shunned to wed, Well pleased to want a
consort of his bed. Dryden.
The consort of the queen has passed from this troubled sphere.
Thakeray.
The snow-white gander, invariably accompanied by his darker consort.
Darwin.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A ship keeping company with another.

3. Concurrence; conjunction; combination; association; union. "By
Heaven's consort." Fuller. "Working in consort." Hare.
Take it singly, and is carries an air of levity; but, in consort with
the rest, has a meaning quite different. Atterbury.

4. Etym: [LL. consortium.]

Defn: An assembly or association of persons; a company; a group; a
combination. [Obs.]
In one consort there sat Cruel revenge and rancorious despite,
Disloyal treason, and heart-burning hate. Spenser.
Lord, place me in thy consort. Herbert.

5. Etym: [Perh. confused with concert.]

Defn: Harmony of sounds; concert, as of musical instruments. [Obs.]
Milton.
To make a sad consort`; Come, let us join our mournful song with
theirs. Spenser.

Prince consort, the husband of a queen regnant.
 -- Queen consort, the wife of a king, as distinguished from a queen
regnant, who rules alone, and a queen dowager, the window of a king.

CONSORT
Con*sort", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Consorted; p.pr. & vb.n. Consorting.]

Defn: To unite or to keep company; to associate; -- used with with.
Which of the Grecian chiefs consorts with thee Dryden.

CONSORT
Con*sort", v. t.

1. To unite or join, as in affection, harmony, company, marriage,
etc.; to associate.
He with his consorted Eve. Milton.
For all that pleasing is to living ears Was there consorted in one
harmony. Spenser.
He begins to consort himself with men. Locke.

2. To attend; to accompany. [Obs.]
Thou, wretched boy, that didst consort him here, Shalt with him
hence. Shak.

CONSORTABLE
Con*sort"a*ble, a.

Defn: Suitable for association or companionship. [Obs.] Sir H.
Wotton.

CONSORTION
Con*sor"tion, n. Etym: [L. consortio.]

Defn: Fellowship; association; companionship. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

CONSORTSHIP
Con"sort*ship, n.

Defn: The condition of a consort; fellowship; partnership. Hammond.

CONSOUND
Con"sound, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. F. consoude, fr L. consolida
comfrey (so called because supposed to have healing power); con- +
solidus solid, consolidare to make solid. Cf. Comfrey, Consolidate.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A name applied loosely to several plants of different genera,
esp. the comfrey.

CONSPECIFIC
Con`spe*cif"ic, a.

Defn: Of the same species.

CONSPECTUITY
Con`spec*tu"i*ty, n.; pl. Conspectuities.

Defn: The faculty of seeing; sight; eye.

Note: [A word of Menenius's making. Coriolanus ii. 1] Shak.

CONSPECTUS
Con*spec"tus, n.

Defn: A general sketch or outline of a subject; a synopsis; an
epitome.

CONSPERSION
Con*sper"sion, n. Etym: [L. conspersio, fr. conspergere to sprinkle.]

Defn: The act of sprinkling. [Obs.]
The conspersion washing the doorposts. Jer. Taylor.

CONSPICUITY
Con`spi*cu"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being clear or bright; brightness;
conspicuosness. [R.] Chapman.

CONSPICUOUS
Con*spic"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. conspicuus, fr. conspicere to get sight
of, to perceive; con- + spicere, specere, to look. See Spy]

1. Open to the view; obvious to the eye; easy to be seen; plainly
visible; manifest; attracting the eye.
It was a rock Of alabaster, piled up to the clouds, Conspicious far.
Milton.
Conspicious by her veil and hood, Signing the cross, the abbess
stood. Sir W. Scott.

2. Obvious to the mental eye; easily recognized; clearly defined;
notable; prominent; eminent; distinguished; as, a conspicuous
exellence, or fault.
A man who holds a conspicuous place in the political, eccesiastical,
and literary history of England. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Distinguished; eminent; famous; illustrious; prominent;
celebrated. See Distinguished.
 -- Con*spic"u*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Con*spic"u*ous*ness, n.

CONSPIRACY
Con*spir"a*cy, n.; pl. Conspiracies. Etym: [See Conspiration.]

1. A combination of men for an evil purpose; as agreement, between
two or more persons, to commit a crime in concert, as treason; a
plot.
When shapen was all his conspiracy From point to point. Chaucer.
They made a conspiracy against [Amaziah]. 2 Kings xiv. 19.
I had forgot that foul conspiracy
Of the beast Caliban and his confederates. Shak.

2. A concurence or general tendency, as of circumstances, to one
event, as if by agreement.
A conspiracy in all heavenly and earthly things. Sir P. Sidney.

3. (Law)

Defn: An agreement, manifesting itself in words or deeds, by which
two or more persons confederate to do an unlawful act, or to use
unlawful to do an act which is lawful; confederacy.

Syn.
 -- Combination; plot; cabal.

CONSPIRANT
Con*spir"ant, a. Etym: [L. conspirans, p.pr. of conspirare: cf. F.
conspirant.]

Defn: Engaging in a plot to commit a crime; conspiring. [Obs.] Shak.

CONSPIRATION
Con`spi*ra"tion, n. Etym: [F. conspiration, L. conspiratio.]

Defn: Agreement or concurrence for some end or purpose; conspiracy.
[R.]
As soon as it was day, certain Jews made a conspiration. Udall.
In our natural body every part has a nacassary sympathy with every
other, and all together form, by their harmonious onspiration, a
healthy whole. Sir W. Hamilton.

CONSPIRATOR
Con*spir"a*tor, n.

Defn: One who engages in a conspiracy; a plotter. 2 Sam. xv. 31.

CONSPIRE
Con*spire", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Conspired; p.pr. & vb.n. Conspiring.]
Etym: [F. conspirer, L. onspirare to blow together, harmonize, agree,
plot; con- + spirare to breathe, blow. See Spirit.]

1. To make an agreement, esp. a secret agreement, to do some act, as
to commit treason or a crime, or to do some unlawful deed; to plot
together.
They conspired against [Joseph] to slay him. Gen. xxxvii. 18.
You have conspired against our royal person, Joined with an enemy
proclaimed. Shak.

2. To concur to one end; to agree.
The press, the pulpit, and the stage Conspire to censure and expose
our age. Roscommon.

Syn.
 -- To unite; concur; complot; confederate; league.

CONSPIRE
Con*spire", v. t.

Defn: To plot; to plan; to combine for.
Angry clouds conspire your overthrow. Bp. Hall.

CONSPIRER
Con*spir"er, n.

Defn: One who conspires; a conspirator.

CONSPIRINGLY
Con*spir"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a conspirator; by conspiracy. Milton.

CONSPISSATION
Con`spis*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. conspissatio, fr. onspissare to make
thick.]

Defn: A making thick or viscous; thickness; inspissation. [R.] Dr. H.
More.

CONSPURCATE
Con*spur"cate, v. t. Etym: [L. conspurcatus, p.p. of conspurcare.]

Defn: To pollute; to defile. [Obs.] Cockeram.

CONSPURCATION
Con`spur*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. conspurcare, -spuratum, to defile.]

Defn: This act of defiling; defilement; pollution. Bp. Hall.

CONSTABLE
Con"sta*ble, n. Etym: [OE. conestable, constable, a constable (in
sense 1), OF. conestable, F. conn, LL. conestabulus, constabularius,
comes stabuli, orig., count of the stable, master of the horse,
equerry; comes ount (L. ompanion) + L. stabulum stable. See Count a
nobleman, and Stable.]

1. A high officer in the monarhical establishments of the Middle
Ages.

Note: The constable of France was the first officer of the crown, and
had the chief ommand of the army. It was also his duty to regulate
all matters of chivalry. The office was suppressed in 1627. The
constable, or lord high constable, of England, was one of the highest
officers of the crown, commander in chief of the forces, and keeper
of the peace of the nation. He also judicial cognizance of many
important matters. The office was as early as the Conquest, but has
been disused (except on great and solemn occasions), since the
attainder of Stafford, duke of Buckingham, in the reign of Henry
VIII.

2. (Law)

Defn: An officer of the peace having power as a conservator of the
public peace, and bound to exeute the warrants of judicial offiers.
Bouvier.

Note: In England, at the present time, the constable is a conservator
of the peace within his district, and is also charged by various
statutes with other duties, such as serving summons, precepts,
warrants, etc. In the United States, constables are town or its
officers of the peace, with powers similar to those of the constables
of England. In addition to their duties as conservators of the peace,
they are invested with others by statute, such as to execute civil as
well as criminal process in certain cases, to attend courts, keep
juries, etc. In some cities, there are officers called high
constables, who act as shiefs of the constabulary or police force. In
other cities the title of constable, as well as the office, is merged
in that of the polie officer. High constable, a constable having
certain duties and powers within a hundred. [Eng.] -- Petty
constable, a conservator of the peace within a parish or tithing; a
tithingman. [Eng.] -- Special constable, a person appointed to act as
constable of special occasions.
 -- To overrun, or outrun, the constable, the spend more than one's
income; to get into debt. [Colloq.] Smollett.

CONSTABLERY
Con"sta*bler*y ( or , n. Etym: [OF. conestablerie. Cf. Constabulary.]

1. The constabulary. [Obs.]

2. The distrit or jurisdiction of a constable. [Obs.]

CONSTABLESHIP
Con"sta*bleship, n.

Defn: The office or functions of a constable.

CONSTABLESS
Con"sta*bless, n.

Defn: The wife of a constable. [Obs.]

CONSTABLEWICK
Con"sta*ble*wick`, n. Etym: [Constable + wick a village]

Defn: The district to which a constable's power is limited. [Obs.]
Sir M. Hale.

CONSTABULARY
Con*stab"u*la*ry, a. Etym: [LL. constabularius an equerry. See
Constable.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to constables; consisting of constables.

CONSTABULARY
Con*stab"u*la*ry, n.

Defn: The collective body of constables in any town, district, or
country.

CONSTABULATORY
Con*stab"u*la*to*ry, n.

Defn: A constabulary. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

CONSTANCY
Con"stan*cy, n. Etym: [L. constantia: cf. F. constance. See
Constant.]

1. The state or quality of being constant or steadfast; freedom from
hange; stability; fixedness; immutabilitu; asm the constancy of God
in his nature and attributes.

2. Fixedness or firmness of mind; persevering resolution; especially,
firmness of mind under sufferings, steadiness in attashments, or
perseverance in enterprise; stability; fidelity.
A fellow of plain unoined constancy. Shak.
Constancy and contempt of danger. Prescott.

Syn.
 -- Fixedness; stability; firmness; steadiness; permanence;
steadfastness; resolution. See Firmness.

CONSTANT
Con"stant, a. Etym: [L. onstans, -antis, p.pr. of constare to stand
firm, to be consistent; con- + stare to stand: cf.F. constant. See
Stand and f. Cost, v. t.]

1. Firm; solid; fixed; immovable; -- opposed to fluid. [Obs.]
If . . . you mix them, you may turn these two fluid liquors into a
constant body. Boyle.

2. Not liable, or given, to change; permanent; regular; continuous;
continually recurring; steadfast; faithful; not fickle.
Both loving one fair maid, they yet remained constant friends. Sir P.
Sidney.
I am constant to my purposes. Shak.
His gifts, his constant ourtship, nothing gained. Dryden.
Onward the constant current sweeps. Longfellow.

3. (Math. & Physics)

Defn: Remaining unchanged or invariable, as a quantity, forc, law,
etc.

4. Consistent; logical. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- Fixed; steadfast; unchanging; permanent; unalterable; immutable;
perpetual; continual; resolute; firm; unshaken; determined.
 -- Constant, Continual, Perpetual. These words are sometimes used in
an absolute and sometimes in a qualified sense. Constant denotes, in
its absolute sense, unchangeably fixed; as, a constant mind or
purpose. In its qualified sense, it marks something as a "standing"
fact or occurence; as, liable to constant interruptions; constantly
called for. Continual, in its absolute sense, coincides with
continuous. See Continuous. In its qualified sense, it describes, a
thing as occuring in steady and rapid succession; as, a round of
continual calls; continually changing. Perpetual denotes, in its
absolute sense, what literally never ceases or comes to an end; as,
perpetual motion. In its qualified sense, it is used hyperbolically,
and denotes that which rarely ceases; as, perpetual disturbance;
perpetual noise; perpetual intermeddling.

CONSTANT
Con"stant, n.

1. That which is not subject to change; that which is invariable.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A quantity that does not change its value; -- used in
countradistinction variable. Absolute costant (Math.), one whose
value is absolutely the same under all cirumstanes, as the number 10,
or any numeral.
 -- Arbitrary constant, an undetermined constant in a differential
equation having the same value during all changes in the values of
the variables.

CONSTANTIA
Con*stan"ti*a ( or , n.

Defn: A superior wine, white and red, from Constantia, in Cape
Colony.

CONSTANTLY
Con"stant*ly, adv.

Defn: With constancy; steadily; continually; perseveringly; without
cessation; uniformly.
But she constantly affirmed that it was even so. Acts. xii. 15.

CONSTAT
Con"stat, n. Etym: [L., it is evident.] (Law)

Defn: A certificate showing what appears upon record touching a
matter in question.

CONSTATE
Con*state", v. t. Etym: [F. constater; L. con- + stare to stand.]

Defn: To ascertain; to verify; to establish; to prove. F. P. Cobbe.

CONSTELLATE
Con"stel*late ( or , v. i. Etym: [Pref. con- + L. stellatus, p.p. of
stellare to cover with stars, stella star. See Stellate.]

Defn: To join luster; to shine with united radiance, or one general
light. [R.]
The several things which engage our affections . . . shine forth and
constellate in God. Boule.

CONSTELLATE
Con"stel*late, v. t.

1. To unite in one luster or radiane, as stars. [R.]
Whe know how to constellate these lights. Boyle.

2. To set or adorn with stars or constellations; as, constellated
heavens. J. Barlow.

CONSTELLATION
Con`stel*la"tion, n. Etym: [F. constellation, L. constellatio.]

1. A cluster or group of fixed stars, or dvision of the heavens,
designated in most cases by the name of some animal, or of some
mythologial personage, within whose imaginary outline, as traced upon
the heavens, the group is included.
The constellations seem to have been almost purposely named and
delineated to cause as much confusion and inconvenience as possible.
Sir J. Herschel.

Note: In each of the constellations now recognized by astronomers
(about 90 in number) the brightest stars, both named and unnamed are
designated nearly in the order of brilliancy by the letters of the
Greek alphabet; as,

2. An assemblage of splendors or excellences.
The constellations of genius had already begun to show itself . . .
which was to shed a glory over the meridian and close of Philip's
reign. Prescott.

3. Fortune; fate; destiny. [Obs.]
It is constellation, which causeth all that a man doeth. Gower.

CONSTERNATION
Con`ster*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. consternatio, fr. consternare to
overome, perplex, an accessory form of consternere to trow down,
prostrate; con + sternere to spread out, throw down: cf. F.
consternation. See Straum.]

Defn: Amazement or horror that confounds the faculties, and
incapacitates for refletion; terror, combined with amaxement; dismay.
The chiefs around, In silence wrapped, in onsternation downed. Attend
the stern reply. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Alarm; fright; amazement; astonishment; surprise; panic;
returbation. See Alarm.

CONSTIPATE
Con"sti*pate, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Constipated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Constipating.] Etym: [L. constipatus, p.p. of constipare; con- +
stipare to crowd together. See Costive.]

1. To crowd or cram into a narrow compass; to press together or
condense. [Obs.]
Of cold the property is to condense and constipate. Bacon.

2. To stop (a channel) by filling it, and preventing passage through
it; as, to constipate the capillary vessels.

3. (Med.)

Defn: To render costive; to cause constipation in.

CONSTIPATION
Con`sti*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. constipatio a crowding together: cf.F.
constipation.]

1. Act of crowding anything into a less compass, or the state of
being crowded or pressed together; condensation. [Obs.]
Fullness of matter, or a pretty close constipation . . . of its
particles. Boyle.

2. A state of the bowels in which the evacuations are infrequent and
difficult, or the intestines become filled with hardened faces;
costiveness.

CONSTITUENCY
Con*stit"u*en*cy, n.; pl. Constituencies (.

Defn: A body of constituents, as the body of citizens or voters in a
representative district.

CONSTITUENT
Con*stit"u*ent, a. Etym: [L. constituens, -entis, p.pr. See
Constitute.]

1. Serving to form, compose, or make up; elemental; component.
Body, soul, and reason are the three parts necessarily constituent of
a man. Dryden.

2. Having the power of electing or appointing.
A question of right arises between the constituent and representative
body. Junius.

CONSTITUENT
Con*stit"u*ent, n.

1. The person or thing which constitutes, determines, or constructs.
Their first composure and origination require a higher and nobler
constituent than chance. Sir M. Hale

2. That which constitutes or composes, as a part, or an essential
part; a component; an element.
We know how to bring these constituents together, and to cause them
to form water. Tyndall.

3. One for whom another acts; especially, one who is represented by
another in a legislative assembly; -- correlative to representative.
The electors in the district of a representative in Congress, or in
the legislature of a State, are termed his constituents. Abbot.
To appeal from the representatives to the constituents. Macaulay.

4. (Law)

Defn: A person who appoints another to act for him as attorney in
fact. Burrill.

CONSTITUTE
Con"sti*tute, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Constituted; p.pr. & vb.n.
Constituting.] Etym: [L. constitutus, p.p. of constiture to
constitute; con- + statuere to place, set, fr. status station, fr.
stare to stand. See Stand.]

1. To cause to stand; to establish; to enact.
Laws appointed and constituted by lawful authority. Jer. Taylor.

2. To make up; to compose; to form.
Truth and reason constitute that intellectual gold that defies
destruction. Johnson.

3. To appoint, depute, or elect to an offie; to make and empower.
Me didst Thou constitute a priest of thine. Wordsworth.
Constituted authorities, the officers of government, collectively, as
of a nation, city, town, etc. Bartlett.

CONSTITUTE
Con"sti*tute, n.

Defn: An established law. [Obs.] T. Preston.

CONSTITUTER
Con"sti*tu`ter, n.

Defn: One who constitutes or appoints.

CONSTITUTION
Con`sti*tu"tion, n. Etym: [F. constitution, L. constitute.]

1. The act or process of constituting; the action of enacting,
establishing, or appointing; enactment; establishment; formation.

2. The state of being; that form of being, or structure and
connection of parts, which constitutes and characterizes a system or
body; natural condition; structure; texture; conformation.
The physical constitution of the sun. Sir J. Herschel.

3. The agregate of all one's inherited physical qualities; the
aggregate of the vital powers of an individual, with refernce to
ability to endure hardship, resist disease, etc.; as, a robust
constitution.
Our constitutions have never been enfeebled by the vices or luxuries
of the oid world. Story.

4. The aggregate of mental qualities; temperament.
He defended himself with . . . less passion than was expected from
his constitution. Clarendon.

5. The fundamental, organic law or principles of government of men,
embodied in written documents, or implied in the institutions and
usages of the country or society; also, a written instrument
embodying such organic law, and laying down fundamental rules and
principles for the conduct of affairs.
Our constitution had begun to exist in times when statesmen were not
much accustomed to frame exact definitions. Macaulay.

Note: In England the constitution is unwritten, and may be modified
from time to time by act of Parliament. In the United States a
constitution cannot ordinarily be modified, exept through such
processes as the constitution itself ordains.

6. An authoritative ordinance, regulation or enactment; especially,
one made by a Roman emperor, or one affecting ecclesiastical doctrine
or disipline; as, the constitutions of Justinian.
The positive constutions of our own churches. Hooker.
A constitution of Valentinian addressed to Olybrius, then prefect of
Rome, for the regulation of the conduct of advocates. George Long.
Apostolic constitutions. See under Apostolic.

CONSTITUTIONAL
Con`sti*tu"tion*al, a. Etym: [f. F. constitutionnel.]

1. Belonging to, or inherent in, the constitution, or in the
structure of body or mind; as, a constitutional infirmity;
constitutional ardor or dullness.

2. In accordance with, or authorized by, the constitution of a state
or a society; as, constitutional reforms.

3. Regulated by, dependent on, or secured by, a constitution; as,
constitutional government; constitutional rights. Hallam.

4. Relating to a constitution, or establishment form of government;
as, a constitutional risis.
The anient constitutional traditions of the state. Macaulay.

5. For the benefit or one's constitution or health; as, a
constitutional walk. [Colloq.] Constitutional law, law that relates
to the constitution, as a permanent system of political and juridical
government, as distinguished from statutory and common law, which
relate to matters subordinate to such constitution.

CONSTITUTIONAL
Con`sti*tu"tion*al, n.

Defn: A walk or other exercise taken for one's health or
constitution. [Colloq.] Thackeray.
The men trudged diurnal constitutionals along the different roads.
Compton Reade.

CONSTITUTIONALISM
Con`sti*tu"tion*al*ism, n.

Defn: The theory, principles, or authority of constitutional
government; attachment or adherene to a constitution or
constitutional government. Carlyle.

CONSTITUTIONALIST
Con`sti*tu"tion*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who advocates a constitutional form of government; a
constitutionalist.

CONSTITUTIONALITY
Con`sti*tu`tion*al"i*ty, n.; pl. -ties. Etym: [f. F.
constitutionalité.]

1. The quality or state of being constitutional, or inherent in the
natural frame.

2. The state of being consistent with the constitution or frame of
government, or of being authorized by its provisions. Burke.
Constitutionalities, bottomless cavilings and questionings about
written laws. Carlyle.

CONSTITUTIONALLY
Con`sti*tu"tion*al*ly, adv.

1. In accordance with the constitution or natural disposition of the
mind or body; naturally; as, he was constitutionally timid.
The English were constitutionally humane. Hallam.

2. In accordance with the constitution or fundamental law; legally;
as, he was not constitutionally appointed.
Nothing would indue them to acknowledge that [such] an assembly . . .
was constitutionally a Parliament. Macaulay.

CONSTITUTIONIST
Con`sti*tu"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who adheres to the constitution of the country.
Bolingbroke.

CONSTITUTIVE
Con"sti*tu`tive, a.

1. Tending or assisting to constitute or compose; elemental;
essential.
An ingredient and constitutive part of every virtue. Barrow.

2. Having power to enact, establish, or create; instituting;
determining. Sir W. Hamilton.

CONSTITUTIVELY
Con"sti*tu`tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a constitutive manner.

CONSTRAIN
Con*strain", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Constrained; p.pr. & vb.n.
Constraining.] Etym: [OF. constraindre, F. contrainde, L.
constringere; con- + stringere to draw tight. See Strain, and. cf.
Constrict, Conbstringere.]

1. To secure by bonds; to chain; to bond or con
He binds in hains The droway prophet, and his limbs constrains.
Dryden.
When winter frosts constrain the fields with old. Dryden.

2. To bring into a narrow compass; to compress.
How the strait stays the slender waist constrain. Gay.

3. To hold back by force; to restrain; to repress.
My sire in caves constrains the winds. Dryden.

4. To compel; to force; to necessiate; to oblige.
The love of Christ constraineth us. 2. Cor. v. 14.
I was constrained to appeal unto CActs xxviii. 19.

5. To violate; to ravish. [Obs.] Shak.

6. To produce in such a manner as to give an unnatural effet; as, a
constrained voice.

Syn.
 -- To compel; force; drive; impel; urge; press.

CONSTRAINABLE
Con*strain"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. constraignable, F.
contraignable.]

Defn: Capable of being constrained; liable to constraint, or to
restraint. Hooker.

CONSTRAINED
Con*strained", a.

Defn: Marked by constraint; not free; not voluntary; embarrassed; as,
a constrained manner; a constrained tone.

CONSTRAINEDLY
Con*strain"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: By constraint or compulsion; in a constrained manner. Hooker.

CONSTRAINER
Con*strain"er, n.

Defn: One who constrains.

CONSTRAINT
Con*straint", n. Etym: [OF. constrainte, F. constrainte.]

Defn: The act of constraining, or the state of being constrained;
that which compels to, or restrains from, action; compulsion;
restraint; necessity.
Long imprisonment and hard constraint. Spenser.
Not by constraint, but bDryden.

Syn.
 -- Compulsion; violence; necessity; urgency.
 -- Constraint, Compulsion. Constraint implies strong binding force;
as, the constraint of necessity; the constraint of fear. Compulsion
implies the exertion of some urgent impelling force; as, driven by
compulsion. The former prevents us from acting agreeably to our
wishes; the latter forces us to act contrary to our will. Compulsion
is always produced by some active agent; a constraint may be laid
upon us by the forms of civil society, or by other outward
circumstances. Crabb.

CONSTRAINTIVE
Con*straint"ive, a.

Defn: Constraining; compulsory. [R.] "Any constraintive vow." R.
Carew.

CONSTRICT
Con*strict", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Constricted; p.pr. & vb.n.
Constricting.] Etym: [L. constrictus, p.p. of constringere. See
Constrain.]

Defn: To draw together; to render narrower or smaller; to bind; to
cramp; to contract or ause to shrink.
Such things as constrict the fibers. Arbuthnot.
Membranous organs inclosing a cavity which their contraction
constrict. Todd & Bowman.

CONSTRICTED
Con*strict"ed, a.

1. Drawn together; bound; contracted; cramped.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Contracted or compressed so as to be smaller in certain places
or parts than in others.

CONSTRICTION
Con*stric"tion, n. Etym: [L. constrictio: cf. F. constriction.]

1. The act of constricting by means of some inherent power or by
movement or change in the thing itself, as distinguished from
compression.

2. The state of being constricted; the point where a thing is
constricted; a narrowing or binding.
A constriction of the parts inservient to speech. Grew.

CONSTRICTIVE
Con*strict"ive, a.

Defn: Serving or tending to bind or constrict.

CONSTRICTOR
Con*strict"or, n.

1. That which constricts, draws together, or contracts.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which contracts or closes an orifice, or which
compresses an organ; a sphincter.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A serpent that kills its prey by inclosing and crushing it with
its folds; as, the boa constrictor.

CONSTRINGE
Con*stringe", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Constringed; p.pr. & vb.n.
Constringing.] Etym: [L. constringere. See onstrain.]

Defn: To dawn together; to contract; to force to contract itself; to
constrict; to cause to shrink. [R.]
Strong liquors . . . intoxicate, constringe, harden the fibers, and
coagulate the fluids. Arbuthnot.

CONSTRINGENT
Con*strin"gent, a. Etym: [L. constringens, p.pr.]

Defn: Having the quality of contracting, binding, or compressing.
Thomson.

CONSTRUCT
Con*struct", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Constructed; p.pr. & vb.n.
Constructing.] Etym: [L. constructus, p.p. of construere to bring
together, to construct; con- + struere to pile up, set in order. See
Structure, and cf. Construe.]

1. To put together the constituent parts of (something) in their
proper place and order; to build; to form; to make; as, to construct
an edlifice.

2. To devise; to invent; to set in order; to arrange; as, to
construct a theory of ethics.

Syn.
 -- To build; erect; form; compile; make; fabricate; originate;
invent.

CONSTRUCT
Con"struct, a.

Defn: Formed by, or relating to, construction, interpretation, or
inference. Construct form or state (Heb. Gram.), that of a noun used
before another which has the genitive relation to it.

CONSTRUCTER
Con*struct"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, constructs or frames.

CONSTRUCTION
Con*struc"tion, n. Etym: [L. constructio: cf. F. construction.]

1. The process or art of constructing; the act of building; erection;
the act of devising and forming; fabrication; composition.

2. The form or manner of building or putting together the parts of
anything; structure; arrangement.
An astrolabe of peculiar construction. Whewell.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: The arrangement and connection of words in a sentence;
syntactical arrangement.
Some particles . . . in certain constructions have the sense of a
whole sentence contained in them. Locke.

4. The method of construing, interpreting, or explaining a
declaration or fact; an attributed sense or meaning; understanding;
explanation; interpretation; sense.
Any person . . . might, by the sort of construction that would be put
on this act, become liable to the penalties of treason. Hallam.
Strictly, the term [construction] signifies determining the meaning
and proper effect of language by a consideration of the subject
matter and attendant circumstances in connection with the words
employed. Abbott.
Interpretation properly precedes construction, but it does not go
beyond the written text. Parsons.
Construction of an equation (Math.), the drawing of such lines and
figures as will represent geometrically the quantities in the
equation, and their relations to each other.
 -- Construction train (Railroad), a train for transporting men and
materials for construction or repairs.

CONSTRUCTIONAL
Con*struc"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or deduced from, construction or interpretation.

CONSTRUCTIONIST
Con*struc"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who puts a certain construction upon some writing or
instrument, as the Constitutions of the United States; as, a strict
constructionist; a broad constructionist.

CONSTRUCTIVE
Con*struct"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. constructif.]

1. Having ability to construct or form; employed in construction; as,
to exhibit constructive power.
The constructive fingers of Watts. Emerson.

2. Derived from, or depending on, construction or interpretation; not
directly expressed, but inferred. Constructive crimes (Law), acts
having effects analogous to those of some statutory or common law
crimes; as, constructive treason. Constructive crimes are no longer
recognized by the courts.
 -- Constructive notice, notice imputed by construction of law.
 -- Constructive trust, a trust which may be assumed to exist, though
no actual mention of it be made.

CONSTRUCTIVELY
Con*struct"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a constructive manner; by construction or inference.
A neutral must have notice of a blockade, either actually by a formal
information, or constructively by notice to his government. Kent.

CONSTRUCTIVENESS
Con*struct"ive*ness, n.

1. Tendency or ability to form or construct.

2. (Phren.)

Defn: The faculty which enables one to construct, as in mechanical,
artistic, or literary matters.

CONSTRUCTOR
Con*struct"or, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. constructor.]

Defn: A constructer.

CONSTRUCTURE
Con*struc"ture, n.

Defn: That which is constructed or formed; an edifice; a fabric.
[Obs.]

CONSTRUE
Con*strue (; Archaic ), v. t. [imp & p. p. Construed; p. pr & vb. n.
Construing.] Etym: [L. construere: cf. F. construire. See Construct.]

1. To apply the rules of syntax to (a sentence or clause) so as to
exhibit the structure, arrangement, or connection of, or to discover
the sense; to explain the construction of; to interpret; to
translate.

2. To put a construction upon; to explain the sense or intention of;
to interpret; to understand.
Thus we are put to construe and paraphrase our own words to free
ourselves either from the ignorance or malice of our enemies. Bp.
Stilingfleet.
And to be dull was construed to be good. Pope.

CONSTUPRATE
Con"stu*prate, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Construprated; p.p. & vb.n.
Constuprating.] Etym: [L. constupratus, p.p. of constuprare to
ravish; con- + stuprare to ravish, stuprum rape.]

Defn: To ravish; to debauch. Burton.

CONSTUPRATION
Con`stu*pra"tion, n.

Defn: The act of ravishing; violation; defilement. Bp. Hall.

CONSUBSTANTIAL
Con`sub*stan"tial, a. Etym: [L. consubstantialis; con- +
substantialis: cf. F. consubstantiel. See Substantial.]

Defn: Of the same kind or nature; having the same substance or
essence; coessential.
Christ Jesus . . . coeternal and consubstantial with the Father and
with the Holy Ghost. Foxe.

CONSUBSTANTIALISM
Con`sub*stan"tial*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of consubstantiation.

CONSUBSTANTIALIST
Con`sub*stan"tial*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in consubstantiation. Barrow.

CONSUBSTANTIALITY
Con`sub*stan"ti*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. consubstantialité.]

Defn: Participation of the same nature; coexistence in the same
substance. "His [the Son's] . . . consubstantiality with the Father."
Hammend.

CONSUBSTANTIALLY
Con`sub*stan"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a consubstantial manner; with identity of substance or
nature.

CONSUBSTANTIATE
Con`sub*stan"ti*ate, v. t. [imp & p. p. Consubstantiated; p.pr & vb.
n. Consubstantiating.]

Defn: To cause to unite, or to regard as united, in one common
substance or nature. [R.]
His soul must be consubstantiated with reason. Jer. Taylor.

CONSUBSTANTIATE
Con`sub*stan"ti*ate, v. i.

Defn: To profess or belive the doctrine of consubstantion.
The consubstantiating church and priest. Dryden.

CONSUBSTANTIATE
Con`sub*stan"ti*ate, a.

Defn: Partaking of the same substance; united; consubstantial.
We must love her [the wife] that is thus consubstantiate with us.
Feltham.

CONSUBSTANTIATION
Con`sub*stan`ti*a"tion, n.

1. An identity or union of substance.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: The actual, substantial presence of the body of Christ with the
bread and wine of the sacrament of the Lord's Supper; impanation; --
opposed to transubstantiation.

Note: This view, held by Luther himself, was called consubstantiation
by non Lutheran writers in contradistinction to transsubstantiation,
the Catholic view.

CONSUETUDE
Con"sue*tude (; 144), n. Etym: [L. consuetudo. See Custom.]

Defn: Custom, habit; usage. [R.]
To observe this consuetude or law. Barnes
.

CONSUETUDINAL
Con`sue*tu"di*nal, a. Etym: [LL. consuetudinalis.]

Defn: According to custom; customary; usual. [R.]

CONSUETUDINARY
Con`sue*tu"di*na"ry, a. Etym: [LL. consuetudinarius.]

Defn: Customary.

CONSUETUDINARY
Con`sue*tu"di*na*ry, n.; pl. Consuetudinaries (.

Defn: A manual or ritual of customary devotional exercises.

CONSUL
Con"sul, n. Etym: [L., prob. fr. consulere to deliberate. See
Consult.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: One of the two chief magistrates of the republic.

Note: They were chosen annually, originally from the patricians only,
but later from the plebeians also.

2. A senator; a counselor. [Obs.]
Many of the consuls, raised and met, Are at the duke's already. Shak.
With kings and consuls of the earth. Job. iii. 14 (Douay Ver. )

3. (Fr. Hist.)

Defn: One of the three chief magistrates of France from 1799 to 1804,
who were called, respectively, first, second, and third consul.

4. An official comissioned to reside in some foreign country, to care
for the commercial interests of the citizens of the appointing
government, and to protect its seamen. Consul general, a consul of
the first rank, stationed in an important place, or having
jurisdiction in several places or over several consula.
 -- Vice consul, a consular officer holding the place of a consul
during the consul's absence or after he has been relieved.

CONSULAGE
Con"sul*age, n. (Com.)

Defn: A duty or tax paid by merchants for the protection of their
connerce by means of a consul in a foreign place.

CONSULAR
Con"su*lar, a. Etym: [L. consularis; cf. F. consulaire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a consul; performing the duties of a
consul; as, consular power; consular dignity; consular officers.

CONSULARY
Con"su*la"ry, a.

Defn: Consular. [Obs.] Holland.

CONSULATE
Con"su*late, n. Etym: [L. consulatus: cf. F. consulat.]

1. The office of a consul. Addison.

2. The jurisdiction or residence of a consul. Kent.

3. Consular government; term of office of a consul.

CONSULSHIP
Con"sul*ship, n.

1. The office of a consul; consulate.

2. The term of office of a consul.

CONSULT
Con*sult", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Consulted; p.pr. & vb.n. Consulting.]
Etym: [L. consultare, fr. consulere to consult: cf. f. consulter. Cf.
Counsel.]

Defn: To seek the opinion or advice of another; to take consel; to
deliberate together; to confer.
Let us consult upon to-morrow's business. Shak.
All the laws of England have been made by the kings England,
consulting with the nobility and commons. Hobbes.

CONSULT
Con*sult", v. t.

1. To ask advice of; to seek the opinion of; to apply to for
information or instruction; to refer to; as, to consult a physician;
to consult a dictionary.
Men fergot, or feared, to consult . . . ; they were content to
consult liberaries. Whewell.

2. To have reference to, in judging or acting; to have regard to; to
consider; as, to consult one's wishes.
We are . . . to consult the necessities of life, rather than matters
of ornament and delight. L'Estrange.

3. To deliberate upon; to take for. [Obs.]
Manythings were there consulted for the future, yet nothing was
positively resolved. Clarendon.

4. To bring about by counsel or contrivance; to devise; to contrive.
[Obs.]
Thou hast consulted shame to thy Hab. ii. 10.

CONSULT
Con*sult" ( or ), n.

1. The act of consulting or deliberating; consultation; also, the
result of consulation; determination; decision. [Obs.]
The council broke; And all grave consults dissolved in smoke. Dryden.

2. A council; a meeting for consultation. [Obs.] "A consult of
coquettes." Swift.

3. Agreement; concert [Obs.] Dryden.

CONSULTARY
Con*sult"a*ry, a.

Defn: Formed by consultation; resulting from conference. Consultary
response (Law), the opinion of a court on a special case. Wharton.

CONSULTATION
Con`sul*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. consultatio: cf. F. consultation.]

1. The act of consulting or conferring; deliberation of two or more
persons on some matter, with a view to a decision.
Thus they doubtful consultations dark Ended. Milton.

2. A council or conference, as of physicians, held to consider a
special case, or of lawyers restained in a cause. Writ of
consultation (Law), a writ by which a cause, improperly removed by
prohibition from one court to another, is returned to the court from
which it came; -- so called because the judges, on consultation, find
the prohibition ill-founded.

CONSULTATIVE
Con*sult"a*tive, a.

Defn: Pertaining to consultation; having the privilege or right of
conference. "A consultative . . . power." Abp. Bramhall.

CONSULTATORY
Con*sult"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Formed by, or resulting from, consultation; advisory. Bancroft.

CONSULTER
Con*sult"er, n.

Defn: One who consults, or asks counsel or information.

CONSULTING
Con*sult"ing, a.

Defn: That consults. Consulting physician (Med.), a physician who
consults with the attending practitioner regarding any case of
disease.

CONSULTIVE
Con*sult"ive, a.

Defn: Determined by, or pertaining to, consultation; deliberate;
consultative.
He that remains in the grace of God sins not by any deliberative,
consultive, knowing act. Jer. Taylor.

CONSUMABLE
Con*sum"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being consumed; that may be destroyed, dissipated,
wasted, or spent. "Consumable commodities." Locke.

CONSUME
Con*sume", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Consumed; p.pr. & vb.n. Consuming.]
Etym: [L. consumere to take wholly or complectely, to consume; con- +
sumere to take; sub + emere to buv. See Redeem.]

Defn: To destroy, as by decomposition, dissipation, waste, or fire;
to use up; to expend; to waste; to burn up; to eat up; to devour.
If he were putting to my house the brand That shall consume it. Shak.
Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor
rust doth consume. Matt. vi. 20 (Rev. Ver. ).
Let me alone . . . that I may consume them. Ex. xxxii. 10.

Syn.
 -- To destroy; swallow up; ingulf; absorb; waste; exhaust; spend;
expend; squander; lavish; dissipate.

CONSUME
Con*sume", v. i.

Defn: To waste away slowly.
Therefore, let Renedick, like covered fire, Consume away in sighs.
Shak.

CONSUMEDLY
Con*sum"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Excessively. [Low]
He's so consumedly pround of it. Thackeray.

CONSUMER
Con*sum"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, consumes; as, the consumer of food.

CONSUMER'S GOODS
Con*sum"er's goods. (Polit. Econ.)

Defn: Economic goods that directly satisfy human wants or desires,
such as food, clothes, pictures, etc.; -- called also consumption
goods, or goods of the first order, and opposed to producer's goods.

CONSUMER'S SURPLUS
Consumer's surplus. (Polit. econ.)

Defn: The excess that a purchaser would be willing to pay for a
commodity over that he does pay, rather than go without the
commodity; -- called also consumer's rent.

The price which a person pays for a thing can never exceed, and
seldom comes up to, that which he would be willing to pay rather than
go without it. . . . The excess of the price which he would be
willing to pay rather than go without it, over that which he actually
does pay, is the economic measure of this surplus satisfaction.  It
has some analogies to a rent; but is perhaps best called simply
consumer's surplus.
Alfred Marshall.

CONSUMINGLY
Con*sum"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a consuming manner.

CONSUMMATE
Con*sum"mate, a. Etym: [L. consummatus, p.p. or consummare to
accomplish, sum up; con- + summa sum. See Sum.]

Defn: Carried to the utmost extent or degree; of the highest quality;
complete; perfect. "A man of perfect and consummate virtue." Addison.
The little band held the post with consummate tenacity. Motley

CONSUMMATE
Con"sum*mate, v. t. [imp & p. p. Consummated; p. pr & vb. n.
Consummating.]

Defn: To bring to completion; to raise to the highest point or
degree; to complete; to finish; to perfect; to achieve.
To consummate this business happily. Shak.

CONSUMMATELY
Con*sum"mate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a consummate manner; completely. T. Warton.

CONSUMMATION
Con`sum*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. consummatio.]

Defn: The act of consummating, or the state of being consummated;
completed; completion; perfection; termination; end (as of the world
or of life).
"Tis a consummation Devoutly to be wished. Shak.
From its original to its consummation. Addison.
Quiet consummation have, And renownShak.
Consummation of marrige, completion of the connubial relation by
actual cohabition.

CONSUMMATIVE
Con*sum"ma*tive, a.

Defn: Serving to consummate; completing. "The final, the consummative
procedure of philosophy." Sir W. Hamilton.

CONSUMPTION
Con*sump"tion, n.. Etym: [L. consumptio: cf. F. consomption.]

1. The act or process of consuming by use, waste, etc.; decay;
destruction.
Every new advance of the price to the consumer is a new incentive to
him to retrench the quality of his consumption. Burke.

2. The state or process of being consumed, wasted, or diminished;
waste; diminution; loss; decay.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A progressive wasting away of the body; esp., that form of
wasting, attendant upon pulmonary phthisis and associated with cough,
spitting of blood, hectic fever, etc.; pulmonary phthisis; -- called
also pulmonary consumption. Consumption of the bowels (Med.),
inflammation and ulceration of the intestines from tubercular
disease.

Syn.
 -- Decline; waste; decay. See Decline.

CONSUMPTIVE
Con*sump"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. consomptif.]

1. Of or pertaining to consumption; having the quality of consuming,
or dissipating; destructive; wasting.
It [prayer] is not consumptive or our time. Sharp.
A long consumptive war. Addison.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Affected with, or inclined to, consumption.
The lean, consumptive wench, with coughs decayed. Dryden.

CONSUMPTIVE
Con*sump"tive, n.

Defn: One affected with consumption; as, a resort for consumptives.

CONSUMPTIVELY
Con*sump"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a way tending to or indication consumption. Beddoes.

CONSUMPTIVENESS
Con*sump"tive*ness, n.

Defn: A state of being consumptive, or a tendency to a consumption.

CONTABESCENT
Con`ta*bes"cent, a. Etym: [L. contabescenc, p.pr. of contabescere.]

Defn: Wasting away gradually. Darwin. - Con*ta*bes"cence, n.

CONTACT
Con"tact, n. Etym: [L. contactus, fr. contingere, -tactum, to touch
on all sides. See Contingent.]

1. A close union or junction of bodies; a touching or meeting.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: The property of two curves, or surfaces, which meet, and at the
point of meeting have a common direction.

3. (Mining)

Defn: The plane between two adjacent bodies of dissimilar rock.
Raymond. Contact level, a delicate level so pivoted as to tilt when
two parts of a measuring apparatus come into contact with each other;
-- used in precise determinations of lengths and in the accurate
graduation of instruments.

CONTACTION
Con*tac"tion, n.

Defn: Act of touching. [Obs.]

CONTAGION
Con*ta"gion, n. Etym: [L. contagio: cf. F. contagion. See Contact.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: The transmission of a disease from one person to another, by
direct or indirect contact.

Note: The term has been applied by some to the action of miasmata
arising from dead animal or vegetable matter, bogs, fens, etc., but
in this sense it is now abandoned. Dunglison.
And will he steal out of his wholesome bed To dare the vile contagion
of the night Shak.

2. That which serves as a medium or agency to transmit disease; a
virus produced by, or exhalation proceeding from, a diseased person,
and capable of reproducing the disease.

3. The act or means of communicating any influence to the mind or
heart; as, the contagion of enthusiasm. "The contagion of example."
Eikon Basilike.
When lust . . . Lets in defilement to the inward parts, The soul
grows clotted by contagion. Milton.

4. Venom; poison. [Obs.] "I'll touch my point with this contagion."
Shak.

Syn.
 -- See Infection.

CONTAGIONED
Con*ta"gioned, a.

Defn: Affected by contagion.

CONTAGIONIST
Con*ta"gion*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in the contagious character of certain
diseases, as of yellow fever.

CONTAGIOUS
Con*ta"gious, a. Etym: [L. contagiosus: cf. F. contagieux.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Communicable by contact, by a virus, or by a bodily exhalation;
catching; as, a contagious disease.

2. Conveying or generating disease; pestilential; poisonous; as,
contagious air.

3. Spreading or communicable from one to another; exciting similar
emotions or conduct in others.
His genius rendered his courage more contagious. Wirt.
The spirit of imitation is contagious. Ames.

Syn.
 -- Contagious, Infectious. These words have been used in very
diverse senses; but, in general, a contagious disease has considered
as one which is caught from another by contact, by the breath, by
bodily effluvia, etc.; while an infectious disease supposes some
entirely different cause acting by a hidden influence, like the
miasma of prison ships, of marshes, etc., infecting the system with
disease. "This distinction, though not universally admitted by
medical men, as to the literal meaning, of the words, certainly
applies to them in their figurative use. Thus we speak of the
contagious influence of evil associates; their contagion of bad
example, the contagion of fear, etc., when we refer to transmission
by proximity or contact. On the other hand, we speak of infection by
bad principles, etc., when we consider anything as diffused by some
hidden influence.

CONTAGIOUS DISEASE
Con*ta"gious dis*ease". (Med.)

Defn: A disease communicable by contact with a patient suffering from
it, or with some secretion of, or object touched by, such a patient.
Most such diseases have already been proved to be germ diseases, and
their communicability depends on the transmission of the living
germs.  Many germ diseases are not contagious, some special method of
transmission or inoculation of the germs being required.

CONTAGIOUSLY
Con*ta"gious*ly, adv.

Defn: In a contagious manner.

CONTAGIOUSNESS
Con*ta"gious*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being contagious.

CONTAGIUM
Con*ta"gi*um, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Contagion; contagious matter. "Contagium of measles." Tyndall.

CONTAIN
Con*tain", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contained; p.pr. & vb.n. Containing.]
Etym: [OE. contenen, conteinen, F. contenir, fr. L. continere, -
tentum; con- + tenere to hold. See Tenable, and cf. Countenance.]

1. To hold within fixed limits; to comprise; to include; to inclose;
to hold.
Behold, heaven and the heaven of heavens can not contain thee; how
much less this house! 2 Chron. vi. 18.
When that this body did contain a spirit. Shak.
What thy stores contain bring forth. Milton.

2. To have capacity for; to be able to hold; to hold; to be
equivalent to; as, a bushel contains four pecks.

3. To put constraint upon; to restrain; to confine; to keep within
bounds. [Obs., exept as used reflexively.]
The king's person contains the unruly people from evil occasions.
Spenser.
Fear not, my lord: we can contain ourselves. Shak.

CONTAIN
Con*tain", v. i.

Defn: To restrain desire; to live in continence or chastity.
But if they can not contain, let them marry. 1 Cor. vii. 9.

CONTAINABLE
Con*tain"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being contained or comprised. Boyle.

CONTAINANT
Con*tain"ant, n.

Defn: A container.

CONTAINER
Con*tain"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, contains.

CONTAINMENT
Con*tain"ment, n.

Defn: That which is contained; the extent; the substance. [Obs.]
The containment of a rich man's estate. Fuller.

CONTAMINABLE
Con*tam"i*na*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being contaminated.

CONTAMINATE
Con*tam"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contaminated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Contaminating.] Etym: [L. contaminatus, p.p. of contaminare to bring
into contact, to contaminate, fr. contamen contagion, for contagmen;
con- + root of tangere to touch. See Contact.]

Defn: To soil, stain, or corrupt by contact; to tarnish; to sully; to
taint; to pollute; to defile.
Shall we now Contaminate our figures with base bribes Shak.
I would neither have simplicity imposed upon, nor virtue
contaminated. Goldsmith.

Syn.
 -- To pollute; defile; sully; taint; tarnish; soil; stain; corrupt.

CONTAMINATE
Con*tam"i*nate, a.

Defn: Contaminated; defiled; polluted; tainted. "Contaminate drink."
Daniel.

CONTAMINATION
Con*tam`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. contaminatio.]

Defn: The act or process of contaminating; pollution; defilement;
taint; also, that which contaminates.

CONTAMITIVE
Con*tam"i*tive, a.

Defn: Tending or liable to contaminate.

CONTANGO
Con*tan"go, n.; pl. Contangoes. Etym: [Prob. a corruption of
contingent.]

1. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: The premium or interest paid by the buyer to the seller, to be
allowed to defer paying for the stock purchased until the next
fortnightly settlement day. [Eng.]

2. (Law)

Defn: The postponement of payment by the buyer of stock on the
payment of a premium to the seller. See Backwardation. N. Biddle.

CONTE
Conte, n.; pl. Contes (#). [F.]

Defn: A short narrative or tale, esp. one dealing with surprising or
marvelous events.

The conte (sic) is a tale something more than a sketch, it may be,
and something less than a short story. . . . The "Canterbury Tales"
are contes, most of them, if not all, and so are some of the "Tales
of a Wayside Inn."
Brander Matthews.

CONTECTION
Con*tec"tion, n. Etym: [L. contegere, -tectum, to cover up.]

Defn: A covering. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

CONTEK
Con"tek, n. Etym: [OE. conteck, conteke, contake, perh. a corruption
either of contact or contest.]

1. Quarrel; contention; contest. [Obs.]
Contek with bloody knife. Chaucer.

2
2

Defn: Contumely; reproach. [Obs.] Wyclif.

CONTEMN
Con*temn", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contemned; p.pr. & vb.n. Contemning (
or ).] Etym: [L. contemnere, -temptum; con- + temnere to slight,
despise: cf. OF. contemner.]

Defn: To view or treat with contempt, as mean and despicable; to
reject with disdain; to despise; to scorn.
Thy pompous delicacies I contemn. Milton.
One who contemned divine and human laws. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To despise; scorn; disdain; spurn; slight; neglect; underrate;
overlook.
 -- To Contemn, Despise, Scorn, Disdain. Contemn is the generic term,
and is applied especially to objects, qualities, etc., which are
deemed contemptible, and but rarely to individuals; to despise is to
regard or treat as mean, unbecoming, or worthless; to scorn is
stronger, expressing a quick, indignant contempt; disdain is still
stronger, denoting either unwarrantable pride and haughtiness or an
abhorrence of what is base.

CONTEMNER
Con*tem"ner ( or ), n.

Defn: One who contemns; a despiser; a scorner. "Contemners of the
gods." South.

CONTEMNINGLY
Con*tem"ning*ly, adv.

Defn: Contemptuously. [R.]

CONTEMPER
Con*tem"per, v. t. Etym: [L. contemperare, -temperatum; con- +
temperare to temper. Cf. Contemperate.]

Defn: To modify or temper; to allay; to qualify; to moderate; to
soften. [Obs.]
The antidotes . . . have allayed its bitterness and contempered its
malignancy. Johnson.

CONTEMPERATE
Con*tem"per*ate, v. t. Etym: [See Contemper.]

Defn: To temper; to moderate. [Obs.]
Moisten and contemperate the air. Sir T. Browne.

CONTEMPERATION
Con*tem`per*a"tion, n.

1. The act of tempering or moderating. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. Proportionate mixture or combination. "Contemperation of light and
shade." Boyle.

CONTEMPERATURE
Con*tem"per*a*ture, n.

Defn: The condition of being tempered; proportionate mixture;
temperature. [Obs.]
The different contemperature of the elements. SDouth.

CONTEMPLANCE
Con*tem"plance, n.

Defn: Contemplation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CONTEMPLANT
Con*tem"plant, a. Etym: [L. contemplans, p.pr.]

Defn: Given to contemplation; meditative. [R.] Coleridge.

CONTEMPLATE
Con"tem*plate, v. t. [imp & p. p. Contemplated (# or #); p.pr & vb.
n. Contemplating.] Etym: [L. contemplatus, p.p. of contemplari to
contemplate; con- + templum a space for observation marked out by the
augur. See Temple.]

1. To look at on all sides or in all its bearings; to view or
consider with continued attention; to regard with deliberate care; to
meditate on; to study.
To love, at least contemplate and admire, What I see excellent.
Milton.
We thus dilate Our spirits to the size of that they contemplate.
Byron.

2. To consider or have in view, as contingent or probable; to look
forward to; to purpose; to intend.
There remain some particulars to complete the information
contemplated by those resolutions. A. Hamilton.
If a treaty contains any stipulations which contemplate a state of
future war. Kent.

Syn.
 -- To view; behold; study; ponder; muse; meditate on; reflect on;
consider; intend; design; plan; propose; purpose. See Meditate.

CONTEMPLATE
Con"tem*plate, v. i.

Defn: To consider or think studiously; to ponder; to reflect; to
muse; to meditate.
So many hours must I contemplate. Shak.

CONTEMPLATION
Con`tem*pla"tion, n. Etym: [F. contemplation, L. contemplatio.]

1. The act of the mind in considering with attention; continued
attention of the mind to a particular subject; meditation; musing;
study.
In contemplation of created things, By steps we may ascend to God.
Milton.
Contemplation is keeping the idea which is brought into the mind for
some time actually in view. Locke.

2. Holy meditation. [Obs.]
To live in prayer and contemplation. Shak.

3. The act of looking forward to an event as about to happen;
expectation; the act of intending or purposing.
In contemplation of returning at an early date, he left. Reid.
To have in contemplation, to inted or purpose, or to have under
consideration.

CONTEMPLATIST
Con*tem"pla*tist, n.

Defn: A contemplator. [R.] I. Taylor.

CONTEMPLATIVE
Con*tem"pla*tive, a. Etym: [F. contemplatif, L. contemplativus.]

1. Pertaining to contemplation; addicted to, or employed in,
contemplation; meditative.
Fixed and contemplative their looks. Denham.

2. Having the power of contemplation; as, contemplative faculties.
Ray.

CONTEMPLATIVE
Con*tem"pla*tive, n. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A religious or either sex devoted to prayer and meditation,
rather than to active works of charity.

CONTEMPLATIVELY
Con*tem"pla*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: With contemplation; in a contemplative manner.

CONTEMPLATIVENESS
Con*tem"pla*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being contemplative; thoughtfulness.

CONTEMPLATOR
Con"tem*pla`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who contemplates. Sir T. Browne.

CONTEMPORANEITY
Con*tem`po*ra*ne"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being contemporaneous.
The lines of contemporaneity in the oölitic system. J. Philips.

CONTEMPORANEOUS
Con*tem`po*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. contemporaneus; con- + tempus
time. See Temporal, and cf. Contemporaneous.]

Defn: Living, existing, or occurring at the same time; contemporary.
The great age of Jewish philosophy, that of Aben Esra, Maimonides,
and Kimchi, had been contemporaneous with the later Spanish school of
Arabic philosophy. Milman
- Con*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ness, n.

CONTEMPORANEOUSLY
Con*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: At the same time with some other event.

CONTEMPORARINESS
Con*tem"po*ra*ri*ness, n.

Defn: Existence at the same time; contemporaneousness. Howell.

CONTEMPORARY
Con*tem"po*ra*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. con- + L. temporarius of belonging
to time, tempus time. See Temporal, and cf. Contemporaneous.]

1. Living, occuring, or existing, at the same time; done in, or
belonging to, the same times; contemporaneous.
This king [Henry VIII.] was contemporary with the greatest monarchs
of Europe. Strype.

2. Of the same age; coeval.
A grove born with himself he sees, And loves his old contemporary
trees. Cowley.

CONTEMPORARY
Con*tem"po*ra*ry, n.; pl. Contemporaries.

Defn: One who lives at the same time with another; as, Petrarch and
Chaucer were contemporaries.

CONTEMPT
Con*tempt", n. Etym: [L. contemptus, fr. contemnere: cf. OF.
contempt. See Contemn.]

1. The act of contemning or despising; the feeling with which one
regards that which is esteement mean, vile, or worthless; disdain;
scorn.
Criminal contempt of public feeling. Macaulay.
Nothing, says Longinus, can be great, the contempt of which is great.
Addison.

2. The state of being despised; disgrace; shame.
Contempt and begarry hangs upon thy back. Shaks.

3. An act or expression denoting contempt.
Little insults and contempts. Spectator.
The contempt and anger of his lip. Shak.

4. (Law)

Defn: Disobedience of the rules, orders, or process of a court of
justice, or of rules or orders of a legislative body; disorderly,
contemptuous, or insolent language or behavior in presence of a
court, tending to disturb its proceedings, or impair the respect due
to its authority.

Note: Contempt is in some jurisdictions extended so as to include
publications reflecting injuriously on a court of justice, or
commenting unfairly on pending proceedings; in other jurisdictions
the courts are prohibited by statute or by the constitution from thus
exercising this process.

Syn.
 -- Disdain; scorn; derision; mockery; contumely; neglect; disregard;
slight.

CONTEMPTIBILITY
Con*tempt`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being contemptible; contemptibleness. Speed.

CONTEMPTIBLE
Con*tempt"i*ble, a.

1. Worthy of contempt; deserving of scorn or disdain; mean; vile;
despicable. Milton.
The arguments of tyranny are ascontemptible as its force is dreadful.
Burke.

2. Despised; scorned; neglected; abject. Locke.

3. Insolent; scornful; contemptuous. [Obs.]
If she should make tender of her love, 't is very possible he 'll
scorn it; for the man . . . hath a contemptible spirit. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Despicable; abject; vile; mean; base; paltry; worthless; sorry;
pitiful; scurrile. See Contemptuous.
 -- Contemptible, Despicable, Pitiful, Paltry. Despicable is stronger
than contemptible, as despise is stronger than contemn. It implies
keen disapprobation, with a mixture of anger. A man is despicable
chiefly for low actions which mark his life, such as servility,
baseness, or mean adulation. A man is contemptible for mean qualities
which distinguish his character, especially those which show him to
be weak, foolish, or worthless. Treachery is despicable, egotism is
contemptible. Pitiful and paltry are applied to cases which are
beneath anger, and are simply contemptible in a high degree.

CONTEMPTIBLENESS
Con*tempt"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being contemptible, or of being
despised.

CONTEMPTIBLY
Con*tempt"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In a contemptible manner.

CONTEMPTUOUS
Con*temp"tu*ous, a.

Defn: Manifecting or expressing contempt or disdain; scornful;
haughty; insolent; disdainful.
A proud, contemptious behavior. Hammond.
Savage invectiveand contemptuous sarcasm. Macaulay.
Rome . . . entertained the most contemptuous opinion of the Jews.
Atterbury.

Syn.
 -- Scornful; insolent; haughty; disdainful; supercilious; insulting;
contumelious.
 -- Contemptuous, Contemptible. These words, from their similarity of
sound, are sometimes erroneously interchanged, as when a person
speaks of having "a very contemptible opinion of another."
Contemptible is applied to that which is the object of contempt; as,
contemptible conduct; acontemptible fellow. Contemptuous is applied
to that which indicates contempts; as, a contemptuous look; a
contemptuous remark; contemptuous treatment. A person, or whatever is
personal, as an action, an expression, a feeling, an opinion, may be
either contemptuous or contemptible; a thing may be contemptible, but
can not be contemptuous.

CONTEMPTUOUSLY
Con*temp"tu*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a contemptuous manner; with scorn or disdain; despitefully.
The apostles and most eminent Christians were poor, and used
contemptuously. Jer. Taylor.

CONTEMPTUOUSNESS
Con*temp"tu*ous*ness, n.

Defn: Disposition to or manifestion of contempt; insolence;
haughtiness.

CONTEND
Con*tend", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Contended; p.pr. & vb.n. Contending.]
Etym: [OF. contendre, L. contendere, -tentum; con- + tendere to
strech. See Tend.]

1. To strive in opposition; to contest; to dispute; to vie; to
quarrel; to fight.
For never two such kingdoms did content Without much fall of blood.
Shak.
The Lord said unto me, Distress not the Moabites, neither contend
with them in battle. Deut. ii. 9.
In ambitious strength I did Contend against thy valor. Shak.

2. To struggle or exert one's self to obtain or retain possession of,
or to defend.
You sit above, and see vain men below Contend for what you only can
bestow. Dryden.

3. To strive in debate; to engage in discussion; to dispute; to
argue.
The question which our author would contend for. Locke.
Many things he fiercely contended about were trivial. Dr. H. More.

Syn.
 -- To struggle; fight; combat; vie; strive; oppose; emulate;
contest; litigate; dispute; debate.

CONTEND
Con*tend", v. t.

Defn: To struggle for; to contest. [R.]
Carthage shall contend the world with Rome.Dryden.

CONTENDENT
Con*tend"ent, n. Etym: [L. contendens, p.pr.]

Defn: n antagonist; a contestant. [Obs.]
In all notable changes and revolutions the contendents have been
still made a prey to the third party. L'Estrange.

CONTENDER
Con*tend"er, n.

Defn: One who contends; a contestant.

CONTENDRESS
Con*tend"ress, n.

Defn: A female contestant. [R.]

CONTENEMENT
Con*ten"e*ment, n. Etym: [Pref. con- + tenemnt.] (Law)

Defn: That which is held together with another thing; that which is
connected with a tenetment, or thing holden, as a certin quantity of
land a Burrill.

CONTENT
Con*tent, a. Etym: [F. content, fr. L. contentus, p.p. of contenire
to hold together, restrain. See Contain.]

Defn: Contained within limits; hence, having the desires limited by
that which one has; not disposed to repine or grumble; satisfied;
contented; at rest.
Having food rainment, let us be therewith content. 1 Tim. vi. 8.

CONTENT
Con"tent ( or ; 277), n.; usually in pl., Contents.

1. That which is contained; the thing or things held by a receptacle
or included within specified limits; as, the contents of a cask or
bale or of a room; the contents of a book.
I shall prove these writings . . . authentic, and the contents true,
and worthy of a divine original. Grew.

2. Power of containing; capacity; extent; size. [Obs.]
Strong ship's, of great content. Bacon.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: Area or quantity of space or matter contained within certain
limits; as, solid contents; superficial contents.
The geometrical content, figure, and situation of all the lands of a
kingdom. Graunt.
Table of contents, or Contents, a table or list of topics in a book,
showing their order and the place where they may be found: a summary.

CONTENT
Con*tent", v. t. Etym: [F. contenter, LL. contentare, fr. L.
contentus, p.p. See Content, a.]

1. To satisfy the desires of; to make easy in any situation; to
appease or quiet; to gratify; to please.
Do not content yourselves with obscure and confused ideas, where
clearer are to be attained. I. Watts.
Pilate, willing to content the people, released Barabbas unto them.
Mark xv. 15.

2. To satisfy the expectations of; to pay; to requite.
Come the next Sabbath, and I will content you. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To satisfy; appease; plese. See Satiate.

CONTENT
Con*tent", n.

1. Rest or quietness of the mind in one's present condition; freedom
from discontent; satisfaction; contentment; moderate happiness.
Such is the fullness of my heart's content. Shak.

2. Acquiescence without examination. [Obs.]
The sense they humbly take upon content. Pope.

3. That which contents or satisfies; that which if attained would
make one happy.
So will I in England work your grace's full content. Shak.

4. (Eng. House of Lords)

Defn: An expression of assent to a bill or motion; an affirmate vote;
also, a member who votes "Content.".
Supposing the number of "Contents" and "Not contents" strictly equal
in number and consequence.Burke.

CONTENTATION
Con`ten*ta"tion, n. Etym: [LL. contentatio.]

Defn: Content; satisfaction. [Obs.] Bacon.

CONTENTED
Con*tent"ed, a.

Defn: Content; easy in mind; satisfied; quiet; willing.
 -- Con*tent"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Con*tent"ed*ness, n.

CONTENTFUL
Con*tent"ful, a.

Defn: Full of content. [Obs.] Barrow.

CONTENTION
Con*ten"tion, n. Etym: [F. contention, L. contentio. See Contend.]

1. A violent effort or struggle to obtain, or to resist, something;
contest; strife.
I would my arcontenion. Shak.

2. Strife in words; controversy; altercation quarrel; dispute; as, a
bone of contention.
Contentions and strivings about the law. Titus iii. 9.

3. Vehemence of endeavor; eagerness; ardor; zeal.
An end . . . worthy our utmost contenion to obtain. Rogers.

4. A point maintained in an argument, or a line of argument taken in
its support; the subject matter of discussion of strife; a position
taken or contended for.
All men seem agreed what is to be done; the contention is how the
subject is to be divided and defined. Bagehot.
This was my original contention, and I still maintain that you should
abide by your former decision. Jowett.

Syn.
 -- Struggle; strife; contest; quarrel; combat; conflict; feud;
litigation; controversy; dissension; variance; disagreement; debate;
competition; emulation.
 -- Contention, Strife. A struggle between two parties is the idea
common to these two words. Strife is a struggle for mastery;
contention is a struggle for the possession of some desired object,
or the accomplishment of some favorite end. Neither of the words is
necessairly used in a bad sense, since there may be a generous strife
or contention between two friends as to which shall incur danger or
submit to sacrifices. Ordinarily, however, these words denote a
struggle arising from bad passions. In that case, strife usually
springs from a quarrelsome temper, and contention from, a selfish
spirit which seeks its own aggrandizement, or is fearful lest others
should obtain too such. Strife has more reference to the manner than
to the object of a struggle, while contention takes more account of
the end to be gained.

CONTENTIOUS
Con*ten"tious, a. Etym: [L. contentiosus: cf. F. contentieux.]

1. Fond of contention; given to angry debate; provoking dispute or
contention; quarrelsome.
Despotic and contentious temper. Macaulay.

2. Relating to contention or strife; involving or characterized by
contention. Spenser.
More cheerfull; though not less contentious, regions. Brougham.

3. (Law)

Defn: Contested; litigated; litigious; having power to decide
controversy. Contentious jurisdiction (Eng. Eccl. Law), jurisdiction
over matters in controversy between parties, in contradistinction to
voluntary jurisdiction, or that exercised upon matters not opposed or
controverted.

Syn.
 -- Quarrelsome; pugnacious; dissentious; wrangling; litigious;
perverse; peevish. - Con*ten"tious*ly, adv.
 -- Con*ten"tious*ness, n.

CONTENTLESS
Con*tent"less, a. Etym: [Content + -less.]

Defn: Discontented; dissatisfied. [R.] Shak.

CONTENTLY
Con*tent"ly, adv.

Defn: In a contented manner. [Obs.]

CONTENTMENT
Con*tent"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. contentement. See Content, v. t.]

1. The state of being contented or satisfied; content.
Contentment without external honor is humility. Grew.
Godliness with contentment is great gain. 1 Tim. vi. 6.

2. The act or process of contenting or satisfying; as, the
contentment of avarice is impossible.

3. Gratification; pleasure; satisfaction. [Obs.]
At Paris the prince spent one whole day to give his mind some
contentment in viewing of a famous city. Sir H. Wotton.

CONTENTS
Con*tents ( or ; 277), n. pl.

Defn: See Content, n.

CONTERMINABLE
Con*ter"mi*na*ble, a.

Defn: Having the same bounds; terminating at the same time or place;
conterminous.
Love and life not conterminable. Sir H. Wotton.

CONTERMINAL
Con*ter"mi*nal, a. Etym: [LL. conterminalis.]

Defn: Conterminous.

CONTERMINANT
Con*ter"mi*nant, a.

Defn: Having the same limits; ending at the same time; conterminous.
Lamb.

CONTERMINATE
Con*ter"mi*nate, a. Etym: [L. conterminare to border upon, fr.
conterminus conterminous; con- + terminus border.]

Defn: Having the same bounds; conterminous. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

CONTERMINOUS
Con*ter"mi*nous, a. Etym: [L. conterminus. Cf. Conterminous.]

Defn: Having the same bounds, or limits; bordering upon; contiguous.
This conformed so many of them as were conterminous to the colonies
and garrisons, to the Roman laws. Sir M. Hale.

CONTERRANEAN; CONTERRANEOUS
Con`ter*ra"ne*an, Con`ter*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. conterraneus; con-
+ terra country.]

Defn: Of or belonging to the same country. Howell.

CONTESSERATION
Con*tes`ser*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. contesseratio, from contesserare to
contract friendship by means of the tesserae (friendship tokens).]

Defn: An assemblage; a collection; harmonious union. [Obs.]
That person of his [George Herbert], which afforded so unusual a
contesseration of elegancies. Oley.

CONTEST
Con*test", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contested; p.pr. & vb.n. Contesting.]
Etym: [F. contester, fr. L. contestari to call to witness, contestari
litem to introduce a lawsuit by calling witnesses, to bring an
action; con- + testari to be a witness, testic witness. See Testify.]

1. To make a subject of dispute, contention, litigation, or
emulation; to contend for; to call in question; to controvert; to
oppose; to dispute.
The people . . . contested not what was done. Locke.
Few philosophical aphorisms have been more frequenty repeated, few
more contested than this. J. D. Morell.

2. To strive earnestly to hold or maintain; to struggle to defend;
as, the troops contested every inch of ground.

3. (Law)

Defn: To make a subject of litigation; to defend, as a suit; to
dispute or resist; as a claim, by course of law; to controvert. To
contest an election. (Polit.) (a) To strive to be elected. (b) To
dispute the declared result of an election.

Syn.
 -- To dispute; controvert; debate; litigate; oppose; argue; contend.

CONTEST
Con*test", v. i.

Defn: To engage in contention, or emulation; to contend; to strive;
to vie; to emulate; -- followed usually by with.
The difficulty of an argument adds to the pleasure of contesting with
in, when there are hopes of victory. Bp. Burnet.
Of man, who dares in pomp with Jove contest Pope.

CONTEST
Con"test, n.

1. Earnest dispute; strife in argument; controversy; debate;
altercation.
Leave all noisy contests, all immodest clamors and brawling language.
I. Watts.

2. Earnest struggle for superiority, victory, defense, etc.;
competition; emulation; strife in arms; conflict; combat; encounter.
The late battle had, in effect, been a contest between one usurper
and another. Hallam.
It was fully expected that the contest there would be long and
fierce. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Conflict; combat; battle; encounter; shock; struggle; dispute;
altercation; debate; controvesy; difference; disagreement; strife.
 -- Contest, Conflict, Combat, Encounter. Contest is the broadest
term, and had originally no reference to actual fighting. It was, on
the contrary, a legal term signifying to call witnesses, and hence
came to denote first a struggle in argument, and then a struggle for
some common object between opposing parties, usually one of
considerable duration, and implying successive stages or acts.
Conflict denotes literally a close personal engagement, in which
sense it is applied to actual fighting. It is, however, more commonly
used in a figurative sense to denote strenuous or direct opposition;
as, a mental conflict; conflicting interests or passions; a conflict
of laws. An encounter is a direct meeting face to face. Usually it is
a hostile meeting, and is then very nearly coincident with conflict;
as, an encounter of opposing hosts. Sometimes it is used in a looser
sense; as, "this keen encounter of our wits." Shak. Combat is
commonly applied to actual fighting, but may be used figuratively in
reference to a strife or words or a struggle of feeling.

CONTESTABLE
Con*test"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. contestable.]

Defn: Capable of being contested; debatable.

CONTESTANT
Con*test"ant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. contestant.]

Defn: One who contests; an opponent; a litigant; a disputant; one who
claims that which has been awarded to another.

CONTESTATION
Con`tes*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. contestatio testimony: cf. F.
contestation a contesting.]

1. The act of contesting; emulation; rivalry; strife; dispute.
"Loverlike contestation." Milton.
After years spent in domestic, unsociable contestations, she found
means to withdraw. Clarendon.

2. Proof by witness; attestation; testimony. [Obs.]
A solemn contestation ratified on the part of God. Barrow.

CONTESTINGLY
Con*test"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a contending manner.

CONTEX
Con*tex, v. t.

Defn: To context. [Obs.] Boyle.

CONTEXT
Con*text", a. Etym: [L. contextus, p.p. of contexere to weave, to
unite; con- + texere to weave. See Text.]

Defn: Knit or woven together; close; firm. [Obs.]
The coats, without, are context and callous. Derham.

CONTEXT
Con"text, n. Etym: [L. contextus; cf. F. contexte .]

Defn: The part or parts of something written or printed, as of
Scripture, which precede or follow a text or quoted sentence, or are
so intimately associated with it as to throw light upon its meaning.
According to all the light that the contexts afford. Sharp.

CONTEXT
Con*text", v. t.

Defn: To knit or bind together; to unite closely. [Obs.] Feltham.
The whole world's frame, which is contexted only by commerce and
contracts. R. Junius.

CONTEXTURAL
Con*tex"tur*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to contexture or arrangement of parts; producing
contexture; interwoven. Dr. John Smith (1666).

CONTEXTURE
Con*tex"ture, n. Etym: [Cf. F. contexture.]

Defn: The arrangement and union of the constituent parts of a thing;
a weaving together of parts; structural character of a thing; system;
constitution; texture.
That wonderful contexture of all created beings. Dryden.
He was not of any delicate contexture; his limbs rather sturdy than
dainty. Sir H. Wotton.

CONTEXTURED
Con*tex"tured, a.

Defn: Formed into texture; woven together; arranged; composed. [R.]
Carlyle.

CONTICENT
Con"ti*cent, a. Etym: [L. conticens, p.pr. of conticere; con- +
tacere to be silent.]

Defn: Silent. [R.] "The guests sit conticent." Thackeray.

CONTIGNATION
Con`tig*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. contignatio, fr. contignare to join
with beams; con- + tignum beam.]

1. The act or process of framing together, or uniting, as beams in a
fabric. Burke.

2. A framework or fabric, as of beams. Sir H. Wotton.

CONTIGUATE
Con*tig"u*ate, a. Etym: [LL. contiguatus.]

Defn: Contiguous; touching. [Obs.] Holland.

CONTIGUITY
Con`ti*gu"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. contiguit, LL. contiguitas.]

Defn: The state of being contiguous; intimate association; nearness;
proximity.
The convicinity and contiguity of the two parishes. T. Warton.

CONTIGUOUS
Con*tig"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. contiguus; akin to contigere to touch on
all sides. See Contingent.]

Defn: In actual contact; touching; also, adjacent; near; neighboring;
adjoining.
The two halves of the paper did not appear fully divided . . . but
seemed contiguous at one of their angles. Sir I. Newton.
Sees no contiguous palace rear its head. Goldsmith.
Contiguous angles. See Adjacent angles, under Angle.

Syn.
 -- Adjoining; adjacent. See Adjacent. - Con*tig"u*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Con*tig"u*ous*ness, n.

CONTINENCE; CONTINENCY
Con"ti*nence, Con"ti*nen*cy, n. Etym: [F. continence, L. continentia.
See Continent, and cf. Countenance.]

1. Self-restraint; self-command.
He knew what to say; he knew also, when to leave off, -- a continence
which is practiced by few writers. Dryden.

2. The restraint which a person imposes upon his desires and
passions; the act or power of refraining from indulgence of the
sexual appetite, esp. from unlawful indulgence; sometimes, moderation
in sexual indulgence.
If they [the unmarried and widows] have not continency, let them
marry. 1 Cor. vii. 9 (Rev. Ver. ).
Chastity is either abstinence or continence: abstinence is that of
virgins or widows; continence, that of married persons. Jer. Taylor.

3. Uninterrupted course; continuity. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

CONTINENT
Con"ti*nent, a. Etym: [L. continens, -entis, prop., p. pr. of
continere to hold together, to repress: cf. F. continent. See
Contain.]

1. Serving to restrain or limit; restraining; opposing. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Exercising restraint as to the indulgence of desires or passions;
temperate; moderate.
Have a continent forbearance till the speed of his rage goes slower.
Shak.

3. Abstaining from sexual intercourse; exercising restraint upon the
sexual appetite; esp., abstaining from illicit sexual intercourse;
chaste.
My past life
Hath been as continent, as chaste, as true,
As I am now unhappy. Shak.

4. Not interrupted; connected; continuous; as, a continent fever.
[Obs.]
The northeast part of Asia is, if not continent with the west side of
America, yet certainly it is the least disoined by sea of all that
coast. Berrewood.

CONTINENT
Con"ti*nent, n. Etym: [L. continens, prop., a holding together: cf.
F. continent. See Continent, a.]

1. That which contains anything; a receptacle. [Obs.]
The smaller continent which we call a pipkin. Bp. Kennet.

2. One of the grand divisions of land on the globe; the main land;
specifically (Phys. Geog.), a large body of land differing from an
island, not merely in its size, but in its structure, which is that
of a large basin bordered by mountain chains; as, the continent of
North America.

Note: The continents are now usually regarded as six in number: North
America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. But
other large bodies of land are also reffered to as continents; as,
the Antarctic continent; the continent of Greenland. Europe, Asia,
and Africa are often grouped together as the Eastern Continent, and
North and South America as the Western Continent. The Continent, the
main land of Europe, as distinguished from the islands, especially
from England.

CONTINENTAL
Con`ti*nen"tal, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a continent.

2. Of or pertaining to the main land of Europe, in distinction from
the adjacent islands, especially England; as, a continental tour; a
continental coalition. Macaulay.
No former king had involved himself so frequently in the labyrinth of
continental alliances. Hallam.

3. (Amer. Hist.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the confederated colonies collectively, in
the time of the Revolutionary War; as, Continental money.
The army before Boston was designated as the Continental army, in
contradistinction to that under General Gage, which was called the
"Ministerial army." W. Irving.
Continental Congress. See under Congress.
 -- Continental system (Hist.), the blockade of Great Britain ordered
by Napoleon by the decree of Berlin, Nov. 21, 1806; the object being
to strike a blow at the maritime and commercial supremacy of Great
Britain, by cutting her off from all intercourse with the continent
of Europe.

CONTINENTAL
Con`ti*nen"tal, n. (Amer. Hist.)

Defn: A soldier in the Continental army, or a piece of the
Continental currency. See Continental, a., 3.

CONTINENTAL DRIVE
Con`ti*nen"tal drive. (Automobiles)

Defn: A transmission arrangement in which the longitudinal crank
shaft drives the rear wheels through a clutch, change-speed gear,
countershaft, and two parallel side chains, in order.

CONTINENTAL GLACIER
Continental glacier.

Defn: A broad ice sheet resting on a plain or plateau and spreading
outward from a central névé, or region of accumulation.

CONTINENTAL PRONUNCIATION
Continental pronunciation (of Latin and Greek.)

Defn: A method of pronouncing Latin and Greek in which the vowels
have their more familiar Continental values, as in German and
Italian, the consonants being pronounced mostly as in English. The
stricter form of this method of pronouncing Latin approaches the
Roman, the modified form the English, pronunciation. The Continental
method of Greek pronunciation is often called Erasmian.

CONTINENTAL SYSTEM
Continental system. (Hist.)

Defn: The system of commercial blockade aiming to exclude England
from commerce with the Continent instituted by the Berlin decree,
which Napoleon I. issued from Berlin Nov. 21, 1806, declaring the
British Isles to be in a state of blockade, and British subjects,
property, and merchandise subject to capture, and excluding British
ships from all parts of Europe under French dominion. The retaliatory
measures of England were followed by the Milan decree, issued by
Napoleon from Milan Dec. 17, 1807, imposing further restrictions, and
declaring every ship going to or from a port of England or her
colonies to be lawful prize.

CONTINENTLY
Con"ti*nent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a continent manner; chastely; moderately; temperately.

CONTINGENCE
Con*tin"gence, n.

Defn: See Contingency.

CONTINGENCY
Con*tin"gen*cy, n,; pl. Contingencies. Etym: [Cf. F. contingence.]

1. Union or connection; the state of touching or contact. "Point of
contingency." J. Gregory.

2. The quality or state of being contingent or casual; the
possibility of coming to pass.
Aristotle says we are not to build certain rules on the contingency
of human actions. South.

3. An event which may or may not occur; that which is possible or
probable; a fortuitous event; a chance.
The remarkable position of the queen rendering her death a most
important contingency. Hallam.

4. An adjunct or accessory. Wordsworth.

5. (Law)

Defn: A certain possible event that may or may not happen, by which,
when happening, some particular title may be affected.

Syn.
 -- Casualty; accident; chance.

CONTINGENT
Con*tin"gent, a. Etym: [L. contingens, -entis, p.pr. of contingere to
touch on all sides, to happen; con- + tangere to touch: cf. F.
contingent. See Tangent, Tact.]

1. Possible, or liable, but not certain, to occur; incidental;
casual.
Weighing so much actual crime against so much contingent advantage.
Burke.

2. Dependent on that which is undetermined or unknown; as, the
success of his undertaking is contingent upon events which he can not
control. "Uncertain and contingent causes." Tillotson.

3. (Law)

Defn: Dependent for effect on something that may or may not occur;
as, a contingent estate.
If a contingent legacy be left to any one when he attains, or if he
attains, the age of twenty-one. Blackstone.

CONTINGENT
Con*tin"gent, n.

1. An event which may or may not happen; that which is unforeseen,
undetermined, or dependent on something future; a contingency.
His understanding could almost pierce into future contingets. South.

2. That which falls to one in a division or apportionment among a
number; a suitable share; proportion; esp., a quota of troops.
From the Alps to the border of Flanders, contingents were required .
. . 200,000 men were in arms. Milman.

CONTINGENTLY
Con*tin"gent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a contingent manner; without design or foresight;
accidentally.

CONTINGENTNESS
Con*tin"gent*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being contingent; fortuitousness.

CONTINUABLE
Con*tin"u*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being continued [R.]

CONTINUAL
Con*tin"u*al, a. Etym: [OE. continuel, F. continuel. See Continue.]

1. Proceeding without interruption or cesstaion; continuous;
unceasing; lasting; abiding.
He that is of a merry heart hath a continual feast. Prov. xv. 15.

2. Occuring in steady and rapid succession; very frequent; often
repeated.
The eye is deligh by a continental succession of small landscapes. W.
Irwing.
Continual proportionals (Math.), quantities in continued proportion.
Brande & C.

Syn.
 -- Constant; prepetual; incessant; unceasing; uninterrupted;
unintermitted; continuous. See Constant, and Continuous.

CONTINUALLY
Con*tin"u*al*ly, adv.

1. Without cessation; unceasingly; continuously; as, the current
flows continually.
Why do not all animals continually increase in bigness Bentley.

2. In regular or repeated succession; very often.
Thou shalt eat bread at my table continually. 2 Sam. ix. 7.

CONTINUANCE
Con*tin"u*ance, n. Etym: [OF. continuance.]

1. A holding on, or remaining in a particular state; permanence, as
of condition, habits, abode, etc.; perseverance; constancy; duration;
stay.
Great plagues, and of long continuence. Deut. xxviii. 59.
Patient continuance i well-doing. Rom. ii. 7.

2. Uninterrupted succession; continuation; constant renewell;
perpetuation; propagation.
The brute immedistely regards his own preservation or the continuance
of his species. Addison.

3. A holding together; continuity. [Obs.] Bacon.

4. (Law)
(a) The adjournment of the proceedings in a cause from one day, or
from one stated term of a court, to another.
(b) The entry of such adjuornment and the grounds thereof on the
record.

CONTINUANT
Con*tin"u*ant, a.

Defn: Continuing; prolonged; sustained; as, a continuant sound.
 -- n.

Defn: A continuant sound; a letter whose sound may be prolonged.

CONTINUATE
Con*tin"u*ate, a. Etym: [L. continuatus, p.p. See Continue.]

1. Immediately united together; intimately connocted. [R.]
We are of Him and in Him, even as though our very flesh and bones
should be made continuate with his. Hooker.

2. Uninterrupted; unbroken; continual; continued.
An untirable and continuate goodness. Shak.

CONTINUATION
Con*tin`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. continuatio: cf. F. connuation.]

1. That act or state of continuing; the state of being continued;
uninterrupted extension or succession; prolongation; propagation.
Preventing the continuation of the royal line. Macaulay.

2. That which extends, increases, supplements, or carries on; as, the
continuation of a story.
My continuation of the version of Statius. Pope.

CONTINUATIVE
Con*tin"u*a*tive, n. Etym: [Cf. F. continuatif.]

1. (Logic)

Defn: A term or expression denoting continuance. [R.]
To these may be added continuatives; as, Rome remains to this day;
which includes, at least, two propositions, viz., Rome was, and Rome
is. I. Watts.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A word that continues the connection of sentences or subjects;
a connective; a conjunction.
Continuatives . . . consolidate sentences into one continuous whole.
Harris.

CONTINUATOR
Con*tin"u*a`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. continuateur.]

Defn: One who, or that which, continues; esp., one who continues a
series or a work; a continuer. Sir T. Browne.

CONTINUE
Con*tin"ue, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Continued; p.pr. & vb.n. Continuing.]
Etym: [F. continuer, L. continuare, -tinuatum, to connect, continue,
fr. continuus. See Continuous, and cf. Continuate.]

1. To remain ina given place or condition; to remain in connection
with; to abide; to stay.
Here to continue, and build up here A growing empire. Milton.
They continue with me now three days, and have nothing to eat. Matt.
xv. 32.

2. To be permanent or durable; to endure; to last.
But now thy kingdom shall not continue. 1 Sam. xiii. 14.

3. To be steadfast or constant in any course; to persevere; to abide;
to endure; to persist; to keep up or maintain a particular condition,
course, or series of actions; as, the army continued to advance.
If ye continue in my word, then are ye my disciples indeed. John
viii. 31.

Syn.
 -- To persevere; persist. See Persevere.

CONTINUE
Con*tin"ue, v. t.

1. To unite; to connect. [Obs.]
the use of the navel is to continue the infant unto the mother. Sir
T. browne.

2. To protract or extend in duration; to preserve or persist in; to
cease not.
O continue thy loving kindness unto them that know thee. Ps. xxxvi.
10.
You know how to make yourself happy by only continuing such a life as
you have been long acustomed to lead. Pope.

3. To carry onward or extend; to prolong or produce; to add to or
draw out in length.
A bridge of wond'rous length, From hell continued, reaching th'
utmost orb of this frall world. Milton.

4. To retain; to suffer or cause to remain; as, the trustees were
continued; also, to suffer to live.
And how shall we continue Claudio. Shak.

CONTINUED
Con*tin"ued, p.p. & a.

Defn: Having extension of time, space, order of events, exertion of
energy, etc.; extended; protacted; uninterrupted; also, resumed after
interruption; extending through a succession of issues, session,
etc.; as, a continued story. "Continued woe." Jenyns. "Continued
succession." Locke. Continued bass (Mus.), a bass continued through
an entire piece of music, while the other parts of the harmony are
indicated by figures beneath the bass; the same as thorough bass or
figured bass; basso continuo. [It.] -- Continued fever (Med.), a
fever which presents no interruption in its course.
 -- Continued fraction (Math.), a fraction whose numerator is 1, and
whose denominator is a whole number plus a fraction whose numerator
is 1 and whose denominator is a whole number, plus a fraction, and so
on.
 -- Continued proportion (Math.), a proportion composed of two or
more equal ratios, in which the consequent of each preceding ratio is
the same with the antecedent of the folowing one; as, 4 : 8 : 8 : 16
:: 16 : 32.

CONTINUEDLY
Con*tin"u*ed*ly ( or , adv.

Defn: Continuously.

CONTINUER
Con*tin"u*er, n.

Defn: One who continues; one who has the power of perseverance or
persistence. "Indulgent continuers in sin." Hammond.
I would my horse had the speed of your tongue, and so good a
continuer. Shak.

CONTINUITY
Con`ti*nu"i*ty, n.; pl. Continuities. Etym: [L. continuitas: cf. F.
continuit. See Continuous.]

Defn: the state of being continuous; uninterupted connection or
succession; close union of parts; cohesion; as, the continuity of
fibers. Grew.
The sight would be tired, if it were attracted by a continuity of
glittering objects. Dryden.
Law of continuity (Math. & Physics), the principle that nothing
passes from one state to another without passing through all the
intermediate states.
 -- Solution of continuity. (Math.) See under Solution.

CONTINUO
Con*ti"nu*o ( or , n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Basso continuo, or continued bass.

CONTINUOUS
Con*tin"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. continuus, fr. continere to hold
together. See Continent.]

1. Without break, cessation, or interruption; without intervening
space or time; uninterrupted; unbroken; continual; unceasing;
constant; continued; protracted; extended; as, a continuous line of
railroad; a continuous current of electricity.
he can hear its continuous murmur. Longfellow.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Not deviating or varying from uninformity; not interrupted; not
joined or articulated. Continuous brake (Railroad), a brake which is
attached to each car a train, and can be caused to operate in all the
cars simultaneously from a point on any car or on the engine.
 -- Continuous impost. See Impost.

Syn.
 -- Continuous, Continual. Continuous is the stronger word, and
denotes that the continuity or union of parts is absolute and
uninterrupted; as, a continuous sheet of ice; a continuous flow of
water or of argument. So Daniel Webster speaks of "a continuous and
unbroken strain of the martial airs of England." Continual, in most
cases, marks a close and unbroken succession of things, rather than
absolute continuity. Thus we speak of continual showers, implying a
repetition with occasional interruptions; we speak of a person as
liable to continual calls, or as subject to continual applications
for aid, etc. See Constant.

CONTINUOUSLY
Con*tin"u*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a continuous maner; without interruption.
 -- Con*tin"u*ous*ness, n.

CONTLINE
Cont"line`, n.

1. (Ropemaking)

Defn: The space between the strands on the outside of a rope. Knight.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The space between the bilges of two casks stowed side by side.

CONTORNIATE; CONTORNIATE
Con*tor"ni*ate, Con*tor"ni*a`te, n., Etym: [It. contorniato, p.pr. of
contorniare to make a circuit or outline, fr. contorno circuit,
outline. See Contour.] (Numis.)

Defn: A species of medal or medallion of bronze, having a deep furrow
on the contour or edge; -- supposed to have been struck in the days
of Constantine and his successors. R. S. Poole.

CONTORSION
Con*tor"sion, n.

Defn: See Contortion.

CONTORT
Con*tort", v. t. Etym: [L. contortus, p.p. of contorquere to twist;
con- + torquere to twist. See Torture.]

Defn: To twist, or twist together; to turn awry; to bend; to distort;
to wrest.
The vertebral arteries are variously contorted. Ray.
Kant contorted the term category from the proper meaning of
attributed. Sir W. Hamilton.

CONTORTED
Con*tort"ed, a.

1. Twisted, or twisted together. "A contorted chain of icicles."
Massinger.

2. (Bot.)
(a) Twisted back upon itself, as some parts of plants.
(b) Arranged so as to overlap each other; as, petals in contorted or
convolute æstivation.

CONTORTION
Con*tor"tion, n. Etym: [L. contortio: cf. F. contorsion. See Contort,
and cf. Torsion.]

Defn: A twisting; a writhing; wry motion; a twist; as, the contortion
of the muscles of the face. Swift.
All the contortions of the sibyl, without the inspiration. Burke.

CONTORTIONIST
Con*tor"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who makes or practices contortions.

CONTORTIVE
Con*tor"tive, a.

Defn: Expressing contortion.

CONTORTUPLICATE
Con`tor*tu"pli*cate, a. Etym: [L. contortuplicatus; contortus
contorted + plicare to fold.] (Bot.)

Defn: Plaited lengthwise and twisted in addition, as the bud of the
morning-glory. Gray.

CONTOUR
Con*tour", n. Etym: [F. contour, fr. contourner to mark the outlines;
con- + tourner to turn. See Turn.]

1. The outline of a figure or body, or the line or lines representing
such an outline; the line that bounds; periphery.
Titian's coloring and contours. A. Drummond.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: The outline of a horizontal section of the ground, or of works
of fortification. Contour feathers (Zoöl.), those feathers that form
the general covering of a bird.
 -- Contour of ground (Surv.), the outline of the surface of ground
with respect to its undulation, etc.
 -- Contour line (Topographical Suv.), the line in which a horizontal
plane intersects a portion of ground, or the corresponding line in a
map or chart.

CONTOURNE
Con`tour`ne, a. Etym: [F., p.p. of contourner to twist.] (Her.)

Defn: Turned in a direction which is not the usual one; -- said of an
animal turned to the sinister which is usually turned to the dexter,
or the like.

CONTOURNIATED
Con*tour"ni*a`ted, a. Etym: [Cf. Contorniate.] (Numis.)

Defn: Having furrowed edges, as if turned in a lathe.

CONTRA
Con"tra.

Defn: A Latin adverb and preposition, signifying against, contrary,
in opposition, etc., entering as a prefix into the composition of
many English words. Cf. Counter, adv. & pref.

CONTRABAND
Con"tra*band, n. Etym: [It. contrabando; contra + bando ban,
proclamation: cf. F. contrebande. See Ban an edict.]

1. Illegal or prohobited traffic.
Persons the most bound in duty to prevent contraband, and the most
interested in the seizures. Burke.

2. Goods or merchandise the importation or exportation of which is
forbidden.

3. A negro slave, during the Civil War, escaped to, or was brought
within, the Union lines. Such slave was considered contraband of war.
[U.S.] Contraband of war, that which, according to international law,
cannot be supplied to a hostile belligerent except at the risk of
seizure and condemnation by the aggrieved belligerent. Wharton.

CONTRABAND
Con"tra*band, a.

Defn: Prohibited or excluded by law or treaty; forbidden; as,
contraband goods, or trade.
The contraband will always keep pace, in some measure, with the fair
trade. Burke.

CONTRABAND
Con"tra*band, v. t.

1. To import illegaly, as prohibited goods; to smuggle. [Obs.]
Johnson.

2. To declare prohibited; to forbid. [Obs.]
The law severly contrabands Our taking business of men's hands.
Hudibras.

CONTRABANDISM
Con"tra*band*ism, n.

Defn: Traffic in contraband gods; smuggling.

CONTRABANDIST
Con"tra*band`ist, n.

Defn: One who traffic illegaly; a smuggler.

CONTRABASS
Con`tra*bass"

Defn: , n. (Mus.) Double bass; -- applied to any instrument of the
same deep range as the stringed double bass; as, the contrabass
ophicleide; the cotrabass tuba or bombardon.

CONTRABASSO
Con`tra*bas"so, n. Etym: [It. contrabasso.] (Mus.)

Defn: The largest kind of bass viol. See Violone.

CONTRACT
Con*tract", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contracted; p.pr. & vb.n.
Contracting.] Etym: [L. contractus, p.p. of contrahere to contract;
con- + trahere to draw: cf. F. contracter. See Trace, and cf.
Contract, n.]

1. To draw together or nearer; to reduce to a less compass; to
shorten, narrow, or lesen; as, to contract one's shpere of action.
In all things desuetude doth contract and narrow our faculties. Dr.
H. More.

2. To draw together so as to wrinkle; to knit.
Thou didst contract and purse thy brow. Shak.

3. To bring on; to incur; to acquire; as, to contract a habit; to
contract a debt; to contract a disease.
Each from each contract new strength and light. Pope.
Such behavior we contract by having much conversed with persons of
high statiSwift.

4. To enter into, with mutual obligations; to make a bargain or
covenant for.
We have contracted an inviolable amity, peace, and lague with the
aforesaid queen. Hakluyt.
Many persons . . . had contracted marriage within the degrees of
consanguinity . . . prohibited by law. Strype.

5. To betroth; to affiance.
The truth is, she and I, long since contracted, Are now so sure, that
nothing can dissolve us. Shak.

6. (Gram.)

Defn: To shorten by omitting a letter or letters or by reducing two
or more vowels or syllables to one.

Syn.
 -- To shorten; abridge; epitomize; narrow; lessen; condense; reduce;
confine; incur; assume.

CONTRACT
Con*tract", v. i.

1. To be drawn together so as to be diminished in size or extent; to
shrink; to be reduced in compass or in duration; as, iron contracts
in cooling; a rope contracts when wet.
Years contracting to a moment. Wordsworth.

2. To make an agreement; to covenant; to agree; to bargain; as, to
contract for carrying the mail.

CONTRACT
Con"tract, a.

Defn: Contracted: as, a contract verb. Goodwin.

CONTRACT
Con*tract", a. Etym: [L. contractus, p.p.]

Defn: Contracted; affianced; betrothed. [Obs.] Shak.

CONTRACT
Con"tract, n. Etym: [L. contractus, fr. contrahere: cf. F. contrat,
formerly also contract.]

1. (Law)

Defn: The agreement of two or more persons, upon a sufficient
consideration or cause, to do, or to abstain from doing, some act; an
agreement in which a party undertakes to do, or not to do, a
particular thing; a formal bargain; a compact; an interchange of
legal rights. Wharton.

2. A formal writing which contains the agreement of parties, with the
terms and conditions, and which serves as a proof of the obligation.

3. The act of formally betrothing a man and woman.
This is the the night of the contract. Longwellow.

Syn.
 -- Covenant; agreement; compact; stipulation; bargain; arrangement;
obligation. See Covenant.

CONTRACTED
Con*tract"ed, a.

1. Drawn together; shrunken; wrinkled; narrow; as, a contracted brow;
a contracted noun.

2. Narrow; illiberal; selfish; as, a contracted mind; contracted
views.

3. Bargained for; betrothed; as, a contracted peace.
Inquire me out contracted bachelors. Shak.

CONTRACTEDNESS
Con*tract"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being contracted; narrowness; meannes;
selfishness.

CONTRACTIBILITY
Con*tract`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being contracted; quality of being contractible;
as, the contractibiliy and dilatability of air. Arbuthnot.

CONTRACTIBLE
Con*tract"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of contraction.
Small air bladders distable and contractible. Arbuthnot.

CONTRACTIBLENESS
Con*tract"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Contractibility.

CONTRACTILE
Con*tract"ile, a. Etym: [Cf. F. contractile.]

Defn: tending to contract; having the power or property of
contracting, or of shrinking into shorter or smaller dimensions; as,
the contractile tissues.
The heart's contractile force. H. Brooke.
Each cilium seems to be composed of contractile substance. Hixley.
Contractile vacuole (Zoöl.), a pulsating cavity in the interior of a
protozoan, supposed to be excretory in function. There may be one,
two, or more.

CONTRACTILITY
Con`trac*til"i*ty, n.

1. The quality or property by which bodies shrink or contract.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The power possessed by the fibers of living muscle of
contracting or shortening.

Note: When subject to the will, as in the muscles of locomotion, such
power is called voluntary contractility; when not controlled by the
will, as in the muscles of the heart, it is involuntary
contractility.

CONTRACTION
Con*trac"tion, n. Etym: [L. contractio: cf. F. contraction.]

1. The act or process of contracting, shortening, or shrinking; the
state of being contracted; as, contraction of the heart, of the pupil
of the eye, or of a tendion; the contraction produced by cold.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The process of shortening an operation.

3. The act of incurring or becoming subject to, as liabilities,
obligation, debts, etc.; the process of becoming subject to; as, the
contraction of a disease.

4. Something contracted or abbreviated, as a word or phrase; -- as,
plenipo for plenipotentiary; crim. con. for criminal conversation,
etc.

5. (Gram.)

Defn: The shortening of a word, or of two words, by the omission of a
letter or letters, or by reducing two or more vowels or syllables to
one; as, ne'er for never; can't for can not; don't for do not; it's
for it is.

6. A marriage contract. [Obs.] Shak.

CONTRACTIVE
Con*tract"ive, a.

Defn: Tending to contract; having the property or power or power of
contracting.

CONTRACTOR
Con*tract"or, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who contracts; one of the parties to a bargain; one who
covenants to do anything for another; specifically, one who contracts
to perform work on a rather large scale, at a certain price or rate,
as in building houses or making a railroad.

CONTRACT SYSTEM
Con"tract sys"tem.

1. The sweating system.

2.  The system of employing convicts by selling their labor (to be
performed inside the prison) at a fixed price per day to contractors
who are allowed to have agents in the prison to superintend the work.

CONTRACT TABLET
Con"tract tablet. (Babylonian & Assyrian Antiq.)

Defn: A clay tablet on which was inscribed a contract, for safe
keeping.  Such tablets were inclosed in an outer case (often called
the envelope), on which was inscribed a duplicate of the inscription
on the inclosed tablet.

CONTRACTURE
Con*trac"ture, n. Etym: [L. contractura a drawing together.] (Med.)

Defn: A state of permanent rigidity or contraction of the muscles,
generally of the flexor muscles.

CONTRADANCE
Con"tra*dance`, n. Etym: [Pref. contra- + dance: cf. F. contrdance.
Cf. Country-dance.]

Defn: A dance in which the partners are arranged face to face, or in
opposite lines.

CONTRADICT
Con`tra*dict", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contradicted; p.pr. & vb.n
Contradicting.] Etym: [L. contradictus, p.p. of contradicere to speak
against; contra + dicere to speak. See Diction.]

1. To assert the contrary of; to oppose in words; to take issue with;
to gainsay; to deny the truth of, as of a statement or a speaker; to
impugn.
Dear Duff, I prithee, contradict thyself, And say it is not so. Shak.
The future can not contradict the past. Wordsworth.

2. To be contrary to; to oppose; to resist. [Obs.]
No truth can contradict another truth. Hooker.
A greater power than we can contradict Hath thwarted our intents.
Shak.

CONTRADICT
Con`tra*dict, v. i.

Defn: To oppose in words; to gainsay; to deny, or assert the contrary
of, something.
They . . . spake against those things which were spoken by Paul,
contradicting and blaspheming. Acts xiii. 45.

CONTRADICTABLE
Con`tra*dict"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being contradicting.

CONTRADICTER
Con`tra*dict"er, n.

Defn: one who contradicts. Swift.

CONTRADICTION
Con`tra*dic"tion, n. Etym: [L. contradictio answer, objection: cf. F.
contradiction.]

1. An assertion of the contrary to what has been said or affirmed;
denial of the truth of a statement or assertion; contrary
declaration; gainsaying.
His fair demands Shall be accomplished without contradiction. Shak.

2. Direct opposition or repugnancy; inconsistency; incongruity or
contrariety; one who, or that which, is inconsistent.
can be make deathless death That were to make Strange contradiction.
Milton.
We state our experience and then we come to a manly resolution of
acting in contradiction to it. Burke.
Both parts of a contradiction can not possibly be true. Hobbes.
Of contradictions infinite the slave. Wordsworth.
Principle of contradiction (Logic), the axiom or law of thought that
a thing cannot be and not be at the same time, or a thing must either
be or not be, or the same attribute can not at the same time be
affirmed and and denied of the same subject. It develops itself in
three specific forms which have been called the "Three Logical
Axioms." First. "A is A." Second, "A is not Not-A" Third, "Everything
is either A or Not-A."

CONTRADICTIONAL
Con`tra*dic"tion*al, a.

Defn: Contradictory; inconsistent; opposing. [R.] Milton.

CONTRADICTIOUS
Con`tra*dic"tious, a.

1. Filled with contradictions; inconsistent. [Obs.]

2. Inclined to contradict or cavil [Obs.] Sharp.
 -- Con`tra*dic"tious*ness, n. Norris.

CONTRADICTIVE
Con`tra*dict"ive, a.

Defn: Contradictory; inconsistent.
 -- Con`tra*dict"ive*ly, adv..

CONTRADICTOR
Con`tra*dict"or, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A contradicter.

CONTRADICTORILY
Con`tra*dict"o*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a contradictory manner. Sharp.

CONTRADICTORINESS
Con"tra*dict`o*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being contradictory; opposition; inconsistency.
J. Whitaker.

CONTRADICTORY
Con`tra*dict"o*ry, a. Etym: [LL. contradictorius: cf. F.
contradictoire.]

1. Affirming the contrary; implying a denial of what has been
asserted; also, mutually contradicting; inconsistent. "Contradictory
assertions." South.

2. Opposing or opposed; repugnant.
Schemes . . . contradictory to common sense. Addisn.

CONTRADICTORY
Con`tra*dict"o*ry, n.; pl. Contradictories (.

1. A proposition or thing which denies or opposes another;
contrariety.
It is common with princes to will contradictories. Bacon.

2. pl. (Logic)

Defn: propositions with the same terms, but opposed to each other
both in quality and quantity.

CONTRADISTINCT
Con`tra*dis*tinct", a.

Defn: Distinguished by opposite qualities. J. Goodwin.

CONTRADISTINCTION
Con`tra*dis*tinc"tion, n.

Defn: Distinction by contrast.
That there are such things as sins of infirmity in contradistinction
to those of presumption is not to be questioned. South.

CONTRADISTINCTIVE
Con`tra*dis*tinc"tive, a.

Defn: having the quality of contradistinction; distinguishing by
contrast.
 -- Con`tra*dis*tinc"tive, n.

CONTRADISTINGUISH
Con`tra*dis*tin"guish (; 144), v. t. [imp & p. p.
Contradistinguished; p. pr. & vb. n. Contradistinguishing.]

Defn: To distinguish by a contrast of opposite qualities.
These are our complex ideas of soul and body, as contradistinguished.
Locke.

CONTRAFAGETTO
Con`tra*fa*get"to, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: The double bassoon, an octave deeper than the bassoon.

CONTRAFISSURE
Con`tra*fis"sure, n. (Med.)

Defn: A fissure or fracture on the side opposite to that which
received the blow, or at some distance from it. Coxe.

CONTRAHENT
Con"tra*hent, a. Etym: [L. contrahens, p.pr. See Contract.]

Defn: Entering into covenant; contracting; as, contrahent parties.
[Obs.] Mede.

CONTRAINDICANT
Con"tra*in"di*cant, n. (Med.)

Defn: Something, as a symptom, indicating that the usual mode of
treatment is not to be followed. Burke.

CONTRAINDICATE
Con"tra*in*"di*cate, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contraindicated; p.pr. &
vb.n. Contraindicating.] (Med.)

Defn: To indicate, as by a symptom, some method of treatment contrary
to that which the general tenor of the case would seem to require.
Contraindicating symptoms must be observed. Harvey.

CONTRAINDICATION
Con"tra*in`di*ca"tion, n. (med.)

Defn: An indication or symptom which forbids the method of treatment
usual in such cases.

CONTRALTO
Con*tral"to ( or , n. Etym: [It., fr. contra + alto. See Alto.]
(Mus.)
(a) The part sung by the highest male or lowest female voices; the
alto or counter tenor.
(b) the voice or singer performing this part; as, her voice is a
contralto; she is a contralto.

Note: The usual range of the contralto voice is from G, below middle
C, to the C above that; though exceptionally it embraces two octaves.

CONTRALTO
Con*tral"to ( or , a. (Mus.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a contralto, or to the part in music called
contralto; as, a contralto voice.

CONTRAMURE
Con"tra*mure, n. Etym: [Cf. Countermure.] (fort.)

Defn: An outer wall. [Obs.] Chambers.

CONTRANATURAL
Con"tra*nat"u*ral, a. Etym: [Cf. Counternatural.]

Defn: Opposed to or against nature; unnatural. [R.] Bp. Rust.

CONTRAPLEX
Con"tra*plex, a.  [Contra- + -plex as in duplex.] (Teleg.)

Defn: Pertaining to the sending of two messages in opposite
directions at the same time.

CONTRAPOSITION
Con"tra*po*si"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. contra- + position: cf. f.
conterposition.]

1. A placing over against; opposite position. [Obs.] F. Potter.

2. (Logic)

Defn: A so-called immediate inference which consists in denying the
original subject of the contradictory predicate; e.g.: Every S is P;
therefore, no Not-P is S.

CONTRAPTION
Con*trap"tion, n.

Defn: A contrivance; a new-fangled device; -- used scornfully.
[Colloq. or Dial.] -- Con*trap"tious (#), a.

We all remember some of the extraordinary contraptions which have
been thus evolved and put upon the market.
F. M. Ware.

CONTRAPUNTAL
Con`tra*pun"tal, a. Etym: [It. contrappunto counterpoint. See
Counterpoint.] (Mus.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or according to the rules of, counterpoint.

CONTRAPUNTIST
Con`tra*pun"tist, n. Etym: [It. contrappuntista.] (Mus.)

Defn: One skilled in counterpoint. L. Mason.

CONTRAREMONSTRANT
Con"tra*re*mon"strant, n.

Defn: One who remonstrates in opposition or answer to a remonstraint.
[R.]
They did the synod wrong to make this distinction of
contraremonstrants and remonstrants. Hales.

CONTRARIANT
Con*tra"ri*ant, a. Etym: [LL. contrarians, p.pr. of contrariare to
oppose, fr. L. contrarius: cf. F. contrariant, p.pr. of contrarier to
contradict. See Contrary.]

Defn: Contrary; opposed; antagonistic; inconsistent; contradictory.
[R.]
The struggles of contrariant factions. Coleridge.

CONTRARIANTLY
Con*tra"ri*ant*ly, adv.

Defn: Contrarily. [Obs.]

CONTRARIES
Con"tra*ries ( or , n. pl. Etym: [Pl. of Contrary, n.] (Logic)

Defn: Propositions which directly and destructively contradict each
other, but of which the falsehood of one does not establish the truth
of the other.
If two universals differ in quality, they are contraries; as, every
vine is a tree; no vine is a tree. These can never be both true
together; but they may be both false. I. Watts.

CONTRARIETY
Con`tra*ri"e*ty n.; pl. Contrarieties. Etym: [L. contrarietas: cf. F.
contrariété.]

1. The state or quality of being contrary; opposition; repugnance;
disagreement; antagonism.
There is a contrariety between those things that conscience inclines
to, and those that entertain the senses. South.

2. Something which is contrary to, or inconsistent with, something
else; an inconsistency.
How can these contrarieties agree Shak.

Syn.
 -- Inconsistency; discrepancy; repugnance.

CONTRARILY
Con"tra*ri*ly or

Defn: (adv. In a contrary manner; in opposition; on the other side;
in opposite ways.

CONTRARINESS
Con"tra*ri*ness, n.

Defn: state or quality of being contrary; opposition; inconsistency;
contrariety; perverseness; obstinancy.

CONTRARIOUS
Con*tra"ri*ous, a. Etym: [LL. contrariosus: cf. OF. contrarios
contralius.]

Defn: Showing contrariety; repugnant; perverse. [Archaic] Milton.
She flew contrarious in the face of God. Mrs. Browning.

CONTRARIOUSLY
Con*tra"ri*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Contrarily; oppositely. Shak.

CONTRARIWISE
Con"tra*ri*wise ( or , adv.

1. On the contrary; oppositely; on the other hand.
Not rendering evil for evil, or railing for railing; but
contrariwise, blessing. 1 Pet. iii. 9.

2. In a contrary order; conversely.
Everything that acts upon the fluids must, at the same time, act upon
the solids, and contrariwise. Arbuthnot.

CONTRAROTATION
Con`tra*ro*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Circular motion in a direction contrary to some other circular
motion.

CONTRARY
Con"tra*ry ( or ; 48), a. Etym: [OE. contrarie, contraire, F.
contraire, fr. L. contrarius, fr. contra. See Contra-.]

1. Opposite; in an opposite direction; in opposition; adverse; as,
contrary winds.
And if ye walk contrary unto me, and will not hearken unto me. Lev.
xxvi. 21.
We have lost our labor; they are gone a contrary way. Shak.

2. Opposed; contradictory; repugnant; inconsistent.
Fame, if not double-faced, is double mouthed, And with contrary blast
proclaims most deeds. Milton.
The doctrine of the earth's motion appeared to be contrary to the
sacred Scripture. Whewell.

3. Given to opposition; perverse; forward; wayward; as, a contrary
disposition; a contrary child.

4. (Logic)

Defn: Affirming the opposite; so opposed as to destroy each other;
as, contrary propositions. Contrary motion (Mus.), the progression of
parts in opposite directions, one ascending, the other descending.

Syn.
 -- Adverse; repugnant; hostile; inimical; discordant; inconsistent.

CONTRARY
Con"tra*ry, n.; pl. Contraries (.

1. A thing that is of contrary or opposite qualities.
No contraries hold more antipathy Than I and such a knave. Shak.

2. An opponent; an enemy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. the opposite; a proposition, fact, or condition incompatible with
another; as, slender proofs which rather show the contrary. See
Converse, n., 1. Locke.

4. (Logic)

Defn: See Contraries. On the contrary, in opposition; on the other
hand. Swift.
 -- To the contrary, to an opposite purpose or intent; on the other
side. "They did it, not for want of instruction to the contrary." Bp.
Stillingfleet.

CONTRARY
Con"tra*ry, v. t. Etym: [F. contrarier. See Contrary, a.]

Defn: To contradict or oppose; to thwart. [Obs.]
I was advised not to contrary the king. Bp. Latimer.

CONTRAST
Con*trast", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Contrasted; p.pr. & vb.n.
Contrasting.] Etym: [F. contraster, LL. contrastare to resist,
withstand, fr. L. contra + stare to stand. See Stand.]

Defn: To stand in opposition; to exhibit difference, unlikeness, or
opposition of qualities.
The joints which divide the sandstone contrast finely with the
divisional planes which separate the basalt into pillars. Lyell.

CONTRAST
Con*trast", v. t.

1. To set in opposition, or over against, in order to show the
differences between, or the comparative excellences and defects of;
to compare by difference or contrariety of qualities; as, to contrast
the present with the past.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: To give greater effect to, as to a figure or other object, by
putting it in some relation of opposition to another figure or
object.
the figures of the groups must not be all on side . . . but must
contrast each other by their several position. Dryden.

CONTRAST
Con"trast, n. Etym: [F. contraste: cf. It. contrasto.]

1. The act of contrasting, or the state of being contrasted;
comparison by contrariety of qualities.
place the prospect of the soul In sober contrast with reality.
Wordsworth.

2. Opposition or dissimilitude of things or qualities; unlikeness,
esp. as shown by juxtaposition or comparison.
The contrasts and resemblances of the seasons. Whewell.

3. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The opposition of varied forms, colors, etc., which by such
juxtaposition more vividly express each other's pecularities.
Fairholt.

CONTRASTIMULANT
Con`tra*stim"u*lant, a.

Defn: Counteracting the effects of stimulants; relating to a course
of medical treatment based on a theory of contrastimulants.
 -- n. (Med.)

Defn: An agent which counteracts the effect of a stimulant.

CONTRATE
Con"trate, a. Etym: [See Contra-.]

Defn: Having cogs or teeth projecting parallel to the axis, instead
of radiating from it. [R.] Contrate wheel. See Crown wheel.

CONTRATENOR
Con"tra*ten`or, n. Etym: [Cf. Counter tenor.] (Mus.)

Defn: Counter tenor; contralto.

CONTRAVALLATION
Con`tra*val*la"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. contra- + vallation: cf. F.
contrevallation. Cf. Countervallation.] (Fort.)

Defn: A trench guarded with a parapet, constructed by besiegers, to
secure themselves and check sallies of the besieged.

CONTRAVENE
Con`tra*vene", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contravened; p.pr. & vb.n.
Contravening.] Etym: [LL. contravenire; L. contra + venire to come:
cf. F. contrevenir. See Come.]

1. To meet in the way of opposition; to come into conflict with; to
oppose; to contradict; to obstruct the operation of; to defeat.
So plain a proposition . . . was not likely to be contravened.
Southey.

2. To violate; to nullify; to be inconsistent with; as, to contravene
a law.
Laws that place the subjects in such a state contravene the first
principles of the compact of authority. Johnson.

Syn.
 -- To contradict; set aside; nullify; defeat; cross; obstruct;
baffle; thwart.

CONTRAVENER
Con`tra*ven"er, n.

Defn: One who contravenes.

CONTRAVENTION
Con`tra*ven"tion, n. Etym: [Cf.F. contravention.]

Defn: The act of contravening; opposition; obstruction;
transgression; violation.
Warrants in contravention of the acts of Parliament. Macaulay.
In contravention of all his marriage stipulations. Motley.

CONTRAVERSION
Con`tra*ver"sion, n.

Defn: A turning to the opposite side; antistrophe. Congreve.

CONTRAYERVA
Con`tra*yer"va, n. Etym: [Sp. contrayerba, literally, a counter herb,
hence, an antidote for poison, fr. l. contra + herba herb.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Dorstenia (D. Contrayerva), a South American
plant, the aromatic root of which is sometimes used in medicine as a
gentle stimulant and tonic.

CONTRECOUP
Con`tre*coup", n. Etym: [F., fr. contre (L. contra) + coup a blow.]
(med.)

Defn: A concussion or shock produced by a blow or other injury, in a
part or region opposite to that at which the blow is received, often
causing rupture or disorganisation of the parts affected.

CONTREDANSE
Con"tre*danse`, n. [Cf. F. contredanse (fr. E. Country-dance). ]

1.
 (a) A dance in which the partners are arranged face to face, or in
opposite lines.
 (b) The quadrille. [Obs.]

2.  (Music) A piece of music in the rhythm of such a dance.

CONTRETEMPS
Con`tre*temps", n. Etym: [F., fr. contre (L. conta) + temps time, fr.
L. tempus.]

Defn: An unexpected and untoward accident; something inopportune or
embarassing; a hitch.
In this unhappy contretemps. De Quincey.

CONTRIBUTABLE
Con*trib"u*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being contributed.

CONTRIBUTARY
Con*trib"u*ta*ry, a.

1. Contributory. [R.]

2. Tributary; contributing. [R.]
It was situated on the Ganges, at the place where this river received
a contributary stream. D'Anville (Trans. ).

CONTRIBUTE
Con*trib"ute, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contributed; p.pr. & vb.n.
Contributing.] Etym: [L. contributus, p.p. of contribuere to bring
together, to add; con- + tribuere to grant, impart. See Tribute.]

Defn: To give or grant i common with others; to give to a common
stock or for a common purpose; to furnish or suply in part; to give
(money or other aid) for a specified object; as, to contribute food
or fuel for the poor.
England contributes much more than any other of the allies. Addison.

CONTRIBUTE
Con*trib"ute, v. i.

1. To give a part to a common stock; to lend assistance or aid, or
give something, to a common purpose; to have a share in any act or
effect.
We are engaged in war; the secretary of state calls upon the colonies
to contribute. Burke.

2. To give or use one's power or influence for any object; to assist.
These men also contributed to obstruct the progress of wisdom.
Goldsmith.

CONTRIBUTION
Con`tri*bu"tion, n. Etym: [L. contributio: cf. F. contribution.]

1. The act of contributing.

2. That which is contributed; -- either the portion which an
individual furnishes to the common stock, or the whole which is
formed by the gifts of individuals.
A certain contribution for the poor saints which are at jerusalem.
Rom. xv. 26.
Aristotle's actual contributions to the physical sciences. Whewell.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: An irregular and arbitrary imposition or tax leved on the
people of a town or country.
These sums, . . . and the forced contributions paid by luckless
peasants, enabled him to keep his straggling troops together. Motley.

4. (Law)

Defn: Payment, by each of several jointly liable, of a share in a
loss suffered or an amount paid by one of their number for the common
benefit.

CONTRIBUTIONAL
Con`tri*bu"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or furnishing, a contribution.

CONTRIBUTION PLAN
Con`tri*bu"tion plan. (Life Insurance)

Defn: A plan of distributing surplus by giving to each policy the
excess of premiums and interest earned thereon over the expenses of
management, cost of insurance, and the policy value at the date of
computation. This excess is called the contribution of the policy.

CONTRIBUTIVE
Con*trib"u*tive, a.

Defn: Contributing, or tending to contribute. Fuller.

CONTRIBUTOR
Con*trib"u*tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, contributes; specifically, one who
writes articles for a newspaper or magazine.

CONTRIBUTORY
Con*trib"u*to*ry, a.

Defn: Contributing to the same stock or purpose; promoting the same
end; bringing assistance to some joint design, or increase to some
common stock; contributive. Milton.
Bonfires of contributory wood. Chapman.
Contributory negligence (Law), negligence by an injured party, which
combines with the negligence of the injurer in producing the injury,
and which bars recovery when it is the proximate cause of the injury.
Wharton.

CONTRIBUTORY
Con*trib"u*to*ry, n.; pl. Contributories (.

Defn: One who contributes, or is liable to be called upon to
contribute, as toward the discharge of a common indebtedness. Abbott.

CONTRIST
Con*trist", v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. contrister. See Contristate.]

Defn: To make sad. [Obs.]
To deject and contrist myself. Sterne.

CONTRISTATE
Con*tris"tate, v. t. & i. Etym: [L. contristatus, p.p. of contristare
to sadden; con- + tristis sad.]

Defn: To make sorrowful. [Obs.] Bacon.

CONTRITE
Con"trite, a. Etym: [L. contritus bruised, p. p. of contrere to
grind, bruise; con- + terere to rub, grind: cf. F. contrit See
Trite.]

1. Thoroughly bruised or broken. [Obs.]

2. Broken down with grief and penitence; deeply sorrowful for sin
because it is displeasing to God; humbly and thoroughly penitent.
A contrite heart, O God, thou wilt not despise. Ps. li. 17.
Be penitent, and for thy fault contrite. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Penitent; repentant; humble; sorrowful.

CONTRITE
Con"trite, n.

Defn: A contrite person. Hooker.

CONTRITE
Con"trite, v.

Defn: In a contrite manner.

CONTRITENESS
Con"trite`ness, n.

Defn: Deep sorrow and penitence for sin; contrition.

CONTRITION
Con*tri"tion, n. Etym: [F. contrition, L. contritio.]

1. The act of grinding or ribbing to powder; attrition; friction;
rubbing. [Obs.]
The breaking of their parts into less parts by contrition. Sir I.
Newton.

2. The state of being contrite; deep sorrow and repentance for sin,
because sin is displeasing to God; humble penitence; through
repentance.
My future days shall be one whole contrition. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- repentance; penitence; humiliation; compunction; self-reproach;
remorse.
 -- Contrition, Attrition, repentance.
 -- Contrition is deep sorrow and self-condemnation, with through
repetance for sin because it is displeasing to God, and implies a
feeling of love toward God. Attrition is sorrow for sin, or imperfect
repentance produced by fear of punishment or a sense of the baseness
of sin. Repentance is a penitent renunciation of, and turning from,
sin; thorough repentance produces a new life. Repentance is often
used as synonymous with contrition. See Compunction.

CONTRITURATE
Con*trit"u*rate, v. t.

Defn: To triturate; to pulverize. [R.]

CONTRIVABLE
Con*triv"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being contrived, planned, invented, or devised.
A perpetual motion may seem easily contrivable. Bp. Wilkins.

CONTRIVANCE
Con*triv"ance, n.

1. The act or faculty of contriving, inventing, devising, or
planning.
The machine which we are inspecting demonstrates, by its
construction, contrivance and design. Contrivance must have had a
contriver. Paley.

2. The thing contrived, invented, or planned; disposition of parts or
causes by design; a scheme; plan; atrifice; arrangement.
Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to provide for human
wants. Burke.

Syn.
 -- Device; plan; scheme; invention; machine; project; design;
artifice; shift. See Device.

CONTRIVE
Con*trive", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contrived; p.pr. & vb.n. Contriving.]
Etym: [OE. contriven, contreven, controven, to invent, OF. controver,
contruver; con- + trouver to find. See Troubadour, trover.]

Defn: To form by an exercise of ingenuity; to devise; to invent; to
design; to plan.
What more likely to contrive this admirable frame of the universe
than infinite wisdom. Tillotson.
neither do thou imagine that I shall contrive aught against his life.
Hawthorne.

Syn.
 -- To invent; discover; plan; design; project; plot; concert; hatch.

CONTRIVE
Con*trive", v. i.

Defn: To make devices; to form designs; to plan; to scheme; to plot.
The Fates with traitors do contrive. Shak.
Thou hast contrived against th very life Of the defendant. Shak.

CONTRIVEMENT
Con*trive"ment, n.

Defn: Contrivance; invention; arrangement; design; plan. [Obs.]
Consider the admirable contrivement and artifice of this great
fabric. Glanvill.
Active to meet their contrivements. Sir G. Buck.

CONTRIVER
Con*triv"er, n.

Defn: One who contrives, devises, plans, or schemas. Swift.

CONTROL
Con*trol", n. Etym: [F. contrôle a counter register, contr. fr.
contr-rôle; contre (L. contra) + rôle roll, catalogue. See Counter
and Roll, and cf. Counterroll.]

1. A duplicate book, register, or account, kept to correct or check
another account or register; a counter register. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. That which serves to check, restrain, or hinder; restraint. "Speak
without control." Dryden.

3. Power or authority to check or restrain; restraining or regulating
influence; superintendence; government; as, children should be under
parental control.
The House of Commons should exercise a control over all the
departments of the executive administration. Macaulay.
Board of control. See under Board.

CONTROL
Con*trol", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Controlled; p.pr. & vb.n. Controlling.]
Etym: [F. contrôler, fr. contrôle.] [Formerly written comptrol and
controul.]

1. To check by a counter register or duplicate account; to prove by
counter statements; to confute. [Obs.]
This report was controlled to be false. Fuller.

2. To exercise restraining or governing influence over; to check; to
counteract; to restrain; to regulate; to govern; to overpower.
Give me a staff of honor for mine age, But not a scepter to control
the world. Shak.
I feel my virtue struggling in my soul: But stronger passion does its
power control. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To restrain; rule; govern; manage; guide; regulate; hinder;
direct; check; curb; counteract; subdue.

CONTROLLABILITY
Con*trol`la*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being controlled; controllableness.

CONTROLLABLE
Con*trol"la*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being controlled, checked, or restrained; amenable
to command.
Passion is the drunkeness of the mind, and, therefore, . . . not
always controllable by reason. South.

CONTROLLABLENESS
Con*trol"la*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Capability of being controlled.

CONTROLLER
Con*trol"ler, n. Etym: [From control, v.t.: cf. F. contrôleur.]

1. One who, or that which, controls or restraines; one who has power
or authority to regulate or control; one who governs.
The great controller of our fate Deigned to be man, and lived in low
estate. Dryden.

2. An officer appointed to keep a counter register of accounts, or to
examine, rectify, or verify accounts. [More commonly written
controller.]

3. (Naut.)

Defn: An iron block, usually bolted to a ship's deck, for controlling
the running out of a chain cable. The links of the cable tend to drop
into hollows in the block, and thus hold fast until disengaged.

CONTROLLERSHIP
Con*trol"ler*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a controller.

CONTROLMENT
Con*trol"ment, n.

1. The power or act of controlling; the state of being rstrained;
control; restraint; regulation; superintendence.
You may do it without controlment. Shak.

2. Opposition; resistance; hostility. [Obs.]
Here have we war for war, and blood for blood, Controlment for
controlment. Shak.

CONTROVERSAL
Con`tro*ver"sal, a.

1. Turning or looking opposite ways. [Obs.]
The temple of Janus, with his two controversal faces. Milton.

2. Controversal. [Obs.] Boyle.

CONTROVERSARY
Con`tro*ver"sa*ry, a.

Defn: Controversial. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

CONTROVERSE
Con"tro*verse, n. Etym: [Cf. F. controverse.]

Defn: Controversy. [Obs.] Spenser.

CONTROVERSE
Con"tro*verse, v. t. Etym: [L. controversari, fr. controversus turned
against, disputed.]

Defn: To dispute; to controvert. [Obs.] "Controversed causes."
Hooker.

CONTROVERSER
Con"tro*ver`ser, n.

Defn: A disputant. [Obs.]

CONTROVERSIAL
Con`tro*ver"sial, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. controversialis.]

Defn: Relating to, or consisting of, controversy; disputatious;
polemical; as, controversial divinity.
Whole libraries of controversial books. Macaulay.

CONTROVERSIALIST
Con`tro*ver"sial*ist, n.

Defn: One who carries on a controversy; a disputant.
He [Johnson] was both intellectually and morally of the stuff of
which controversialists are made. Macaulay.

CONTROVERSIALLY
Con`tro*ver"sial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a controversial manner.

CONTROVERSION
Con`tro*ver"sion, n.

Defn: Act of controverting; controversy. [Obs.] Hooker.

CONTROVERSOR
Con"tro*ver`sor, n.

Defn: A controverser. [Obs.]

CONTROVERSY
Con"tro*ver`sy, n.; pl. Controversies. Etym: [L. controversia, fr.
controversus turned against, disputed; contro- = contra + versus,
p.p. of vertere to turn. See Verse.]

1. Contention; dispute; debate; discussion; agitation of contrary
opinions.
This left no room for controversy about the title. Locke.
A dispute is commonly oral, and a controversy in writing. Johnson.

2. Quarrel; strife; cause of variance; difference.
The Lord hath a controversy with the nations. Jer. xxv. 31.

3. A suit in law or equity; a question of right. [Obs.]
When any man that had a controversy came to the king for judgment. 2
Sam. xv. 2.

Syn.
 -- Dispute; debate; disputation; disagreement; altercation;
contention; wrangle; strife; quarrel.

CONTROVERT
Con"tro*vert, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Controverted; p.pr. & vb.n.
Controverting.] Etym: [See Controversy.]

Defn: To make matter of controversy; to dispute or oppose by
reasoning; to contend against in words or writings; to contest; to
debate.
Some controverted points had decided according to the sense of the
best jurists. Macaulay.

CONTROVERTER
Con"tro*ver`ter, n.

Defn: One who controverts; a controversial writer; a
controversialist.
Some controverters in divinity are like swaggerers in a tavern. B.
Jonson.

CONTROVERTIBLE
Con`tro*ver"ti*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being controverted; disputable; admitting of
question.
 -- Con`tro*ver"ti*bly, adv.

CONTROVERTIST
Con"tro*ver`tist, n.

Defn: One skilled in or given to controversy; a controversialist.
How unfriendly is the controvertist to the discernment of the critic!
Campbell.

CONTUBERNAL; CONTUBERNIAL
Con*tu"ber*nal, Con`tu*ber"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. contubernalis a tent
companion, fr. contubernium tent companionship.]

Defn: Living or messing together; familiar; in companionship.
Humble folk ben Christes friends: they ben contubernial with the
Lord, thy King. Chaucer.

CONTUMACIOUS
Con`tu*ma"cious, a. Etym: [L. contumax, -acis. See Contumacy.]

1. Exhibiting contumacy; contemning authority; obstinate; perverse;
stubborn; disobedient.
There is another very, efficacious method for subding the most
obstinate, contumacious sinner. Hammond.

2. (Law)

Defn: Willfully disobedient to the summous or prders of a court.
Blackstone.

Syn.
 -- Stubborn; obstinate; obdurate; disobedient; perverse; unyielding;
headstrong.
 -- Con`tu*ma"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Con`tu*ma"cious*ness, n.

CONTUMACY
Con"tu*ma*cy, n.; pl. Contumacies. Etym: [L. contumacia, fr.
contumax, -acis, insolent; prob. akin to contemnere to despise: cf.
F. contumace. Cf. Contemn.]

1. Stubborn perverseness; pertinacious resistance to authority.
The bishop commanded him . . . to be thrust into the stocks for his
manifest and manifold contumacy. Strype.

2. (Law)

Defn: A willful contempt of, and disobedience to, any lawful summons,
or to the rules and orders of court, as a refusal to appear in court
when legally summoned.

Syn.
 -- Stubbornness; perverseness; obstinacy.

CONTUMELIOUS
Con`tu*me"li*ous (or ; 106), a. Etym: [L. contumeliosus.]

1. Exhibiting contumely; rudely contemptuous; insolent; disdainful.
Scoffs, and scorns, and contumelious taunts. Shak.
Curving a contumelious lip. Tennyson.

2. Shameful; disgraceful. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
 -- Con`tu*me"li*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Con`tu*me"li*ous*ness, n.

CONTUMELY
Con"tu*me*ly, n. Etym: [L. contumelia, prob. akin to contemnere to
despise: cf. OF. contumelie. Cf. Contumacy.]

Defn: Rudeness compounded of haughtiness and contempt; scornful
insolence; despiteful treatment; disdain; contemptuousness in act or
speech; disgrace.
The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely. Shak.
Nothing aggravates tyranny so much as contumely. Burke.

CONTUSE
Con*tuse", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contused; p.pr. & vb.n. Contusing.]
Etym: [L. contusus, p.p. of contundere to beat, crush; con- + tundere
to beat, akin to Skr. tud (for stud) to strike, Goth. stautan. See
Stutter.]

1. To beat, pound, or together.
Roots, barks, and seeds contused together. Bacon.

2. To bruise; to injure or disorganize a part without breaking the
skin. Contused wound, a wound attended with bruising.

CONTUSION
Con*tu"sion, n. Etym: [L. contusio: cf. F. contusion.]

1. The act or process of beating, bruising, or pounding; the state of
being beaten or bruised.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A bruise; an injury attended with more or less disorganization
of the subcutaneous tissue and effusion of blood beneath the skin,
but without apparent wound.

CONUNDRUM
Co*nun"drum, n. Etym: [Origin unknown.]

1. A kind of riddle based upon some fanciful or fantastic resemblance
between things quite unlike; a puzzling question, of which the answer
is or involves a pun.
Or pun ambiguous, or conundrum quaint. J. Philips.

2. A question to which only a conjectural answer can be made.
Do you think life is long enough to let me speculate on conundrums
like that W. Black.

CONURE
Co*nure", n. Etym: [NL. conurus, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American parrakeet of the genus Conurus. Many species are
known. See Parrakeet.

CONUS
Co"nus, n. Etym: [L., a cone.]

1. A cone.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Linnean genus of mollusks having a conical shell. See Cone,
n., 4.

CONUSABLE
Con"u*sa*ble, a.

Defn: Cognizable; liable to be tried or judged. [Obs.] Bp. Barlow.

CONUSANT
Con"u*sant, a. (Law)

Defn: See Cognizant.

CONUSOR
Con`u*sor", n. (Law)

Defn: See Cognizor.

CONVALESCE
Con`va*lesce", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Convalesced; p.pr. & vb.n.
Convalescing.] Etym: [L. convalscere; con- + valescere to grow
strong, v. incho. of valere to be strong. See Vallant.]

Defn: To recover health and strength gradually, after sickness or
weakness; as, a patient begins to convalesce.

CONVALESCED
Con`va*lesced", a.

Defn: Convalescent. [R.]
He found the queen somewhat convalesced. J. Knox.

CONVALESCENCE; CONVALESCENCY
Con`va*les"cence, Con`va*les"cen*cy, n. Etym: [L. convalescentia: cf.
F. convalescence.]

Defn: The recovery of heath and strength after disease; the state of
a body renewing its vigor after sickness or weakness; the time
between the subsidence of a disease and complete restoration to
health.

CONVALESCENT
Con`va*les"cent, a. Etym: [L. convalescens, -entis, p.pr.: cf. F.
convalescent.]

1. Recovering from siclness or debility; partially restored to health
or strength.

2. Of or pertaining to convalescence.

CONVALESCENT
Con`va*les"cent, n.

Defn: One recovering from sickness.

CONVALESCENTLY
Con`va*les"cent*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a convalescent; with increasing strength or
vigor.

CONVALLAMARIN
Con*val"la*ma`rin, n. Etym: [Convalaria + L. amarus bitter.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline, poisonous substance, regarded as a
glucoside, extracted from the lily of the valley (Convallaria
Majalis). Its taste is first bitter, then sweet.

CONVALLARIA
Con`val*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., from L. convallis a valley; con- +
vallis valley.] (Bot. & Med.)

Defn: The lily of the valley.

CONVALLARIN
Con`val*la"rin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline glucoside, of an irritating taste,
extracted from the convallaria or lily of the valley.

CONVECTION
Con*vec"tion, n. Etym: [L. convectio, fr. convehere to bring
together; con- + vehere to carry.]

1. The act or process of conveying or transmitting.

2. (Physics)

Defn: A process of transfer or transmission, as of heat or
electricity, by means of currents in liquids or gases, resulting from
changes of temperature and other causes.
Liquids are generally heated by convection -- when heat is applied
from bellow. Nichol.

CONVECTIVE
Con*vec"tive, a.

Defn: Caused or accomplished by convection; as, a convective
discharge of electricity. Faraday.

CONVECTIVELY
Con*vec"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a convective manner. Hare.

CONVELLENT
Con*vel"lent, a. Etym: [L. convellens, p.pr. of convellere. See
Convulse.]

Defn: Tending to tear or pull up. [Obs.]
The ends of the fragment . . . will not yield to the convellent
force. Todd & Bowman.

CONVENABLE
Con*ven"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being convened or assembled.

CONVENABLE
Con"ve*na*ble, a. Etym: [F. convenable, fr. convenir. See Convene.]

Defn: Consistent; accordant; suitable; proper; as, convenable
remedies. [Obs.]
With his wod his work is convenable. Spenser.

CONVENANCE
Con"ve*nance, n. Etym: [F., fitness, suitableness.]

Defn: That which is suitable, agreeable, or convenient.
And they missed Their wonted convenance, cheerly hid the loss.
Emerson.

CONVENE
Con*vene", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Convened; p.pr. & vb.n. Convenong.]
Etym: [L. convenire; con- + venire to come: cf. F. convenir to agree,
to be fitting, OF. also, to assemble. See Come, and cf. Covenant.]

1. To come together; to meet; to unite. [R.]
In shortsighted men . . . the rays converge and convene in the eyes
before they come at the bottom. Sir I. Newton.

2. To come together, as in one body or for a public purpose; to meet;
to assemble. Locke.
The Parliament of Scotland now convened. Sir R. Baker.
Faint, underneath, the household fowls convene. Thomson.

Syn.
 -- To meet; to assemble; to congregate; to collect; to unite.

CONVENE
Con*vene", v. t.

1. To cause to assemble; to call together; to convoke.
And now the almighty father of the gods Convenes a council in the
blest abodes. Pope.

2. To summon judicially to meet or appear.
By the papal canon law, clerks . . . can not be convened before any
but an ecclesiastical judge. Ayliffe.

CONVENER
Con*ven"er, n.

1. One who convenes or meets with others. [Obs.]

2. One who calls an assembly together or convenes a meeting; hence,
the chairman of a committee or other organized body. [Scot.]

CONVENIENCE; CONVENIENCY
Con*ven"ience, Con*ven"ien*cy, n. Etym: [L. convenientia agreement,
fitness. See Convenient.]

1. The state or quality of being convenient; fitness or suitableness,
as of place, time, etc.; propriety.
Let's futher think of this; Weigh what convenience both of time and
means May fit us to our shape. Shak.
With all brief and plain conveniency, Let me have judgment. Shak.

2. Freedom from discomfort, difficulty, or trouble; commodiousness;
ease; accommodation.
Thus necessity invented stools, Convenience next suggested elbow
chairs. Cowper.
We are rather intent upon the end of God's glory than our own
conveniency. Jer. Taylor.

3. That which is convenient; that which promotes comfort or
advantage; that which is suited to one's wants; an accommodation.
A pair of spectacles and several other little conveniences. Swift.

4. A convenient or fit time; opportunity; as, to do something at
one's convenience.

CONVENIENT
Con*ven"ient, a. Etym: [L. conveniens, -entis, suitable, p.pr. of
convenire to be suitable, to come. See Convene, v. i.]

1. Fit or adapted; suitable; proper; becoming; appropriate. [Archaic]
Feed me with food convenient for me. Prov. xxx. 8.
Neither filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor jesting, which are not
convenient. Eph. v. 4.

2. Affording accommodation or advantage; well adapted to use; handly;
as, a convenient house; convenient implements or tools.

3. Seasonable; timely; opportune; as, a convenient occasion; a
convenient season. Acts xxiv. 25.

4. Near at hand; easy of access. [Colloq.]
Hereties used to be brought thither, convenient for burning.
Thackeray.

Syn.
 -- Fit; suitable; proper; adapted; fitted; suited; handly;
commodious.

CONVENIENTLY
Con*ven"ient*ly, adv.

Defn: In a convenient manner, form, or situation; without difficulty.

CONVENT
Con"vent, n. Etym: [L. conventus a meeting, LL. also, a convent. See
Convene, v. i.]

1. A coming together; a meeting. [Obs.]
A usual ceremony at their [the witches] convents or meetings. B.
Jonson.

2. An association or community of recluses devoted to a religious
life; a body of monks or nuns.
One of our convent, and his [the duke's] confessor. Shak.

3. A house occupied by a community of religious recluses; a monastery
or nunnery.
One seldom finds in Italy a spot of ground more agreeable than
ordinary that is not covered with a convent. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Nunnery; monastery; abbey. See Cloister.

CONVENT
Con*vent", v. i. Etym: [L. conventus, p.p. of convenire. See Convene,
v. i.]

1. To meet together; to concur. [obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. To be convenient; to serve. [Obs.]
When that is known and golden time convents. Shak.

CONVENT
Con*vent", v. t.

Defn: To call before a judge or judicature; to summon; to convene.
[Obs.] Shak.

CONVENTICAL
Con*vent"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or from, or pertaining to, a convent. "Conventical wages."
Sterne. Conventical prior. See Prior.

CONVENTICLE
Con*ven"ti*cle, n. Etym: [L. conventiculum, dim. of conventus: cf. F.
conventicule. See Convent, n.]

1. A small assembly or gathering; esp., a secret assembly.
They are commanded to abstain from all conventicles of men
whatsoever. Ayliffe.

2. An assembly for religious worship; esp., such an assembly held
privately, as in times of persecution, by Nonconformists or
Dissenters in England, or by Covenanters in Scotland; -- often used
opprobriously, as if those assembled were heretics or schismatics.
The first Christians could never have had recourse to nocturnal or
clandestine conventicles till driven to them by the violence of
persecution. Hammond.
A sort of men who . . . attend its [the curch of England's] service
in the morning, and go with their wives to a conventicle in the
afternoon. Swift.

CONVENTICLER
Con*ven"ti*cler, n.

Defn: One who supports or frequents conventicles. Dryden.

CONVENTICLING
Con*ven"ti*cling, a.

Defn: Belonging or going to, or resembling, a conventicle. [Obs.]
Conventicling schools . . . set up and taught secretly by fanatics.
South.

CONVENTION
Con*ven"tion, n. Etym: [L. conventio: cf. F. convention. See Convene,
v. i.]

1. The act of coming together; the state of being together; union;
coalition.
The conventions or associations of several particles of matter into
bodies of any certain denomination. Boyle.

2. General agreement or concurrence; arbitrary custom; usage;
conventionality.
There are thousands now Such women, but convention beats them down.
Tennyson.

3. A meeting or an assembly of persons, esp. of delegates or
representatives, to accomplish some specific object, -- civil,
social, political, or ecclesiastical.
He set himself to the making of good laws in a grand convention of
his nobles. Sir R. Baker.
A convention of delegates from all the States, to meet in
Philadelphia, for the sole and express purpose of reserving the
federal system, and correcting its defects. W. Irving.

4. (Eng. Hist)

Defn: An extraordinary assembly of the parkiament or estates of the
realm, held without the king's writ, -- as the assembly which
restored Charles II. to the throne, and that which declared the
throne to be abdicated by James II.
Our gratitude is due . . . to the Long Parliament, to the Convention,
and to William of Orange. Macaulay.

5. An agreement or contract less formal than, or preliminary to, a
traety; an informal compact, as between commanders of armies in
respect to suspension of hostilities, or between states; also, a
formal agreement between governments or sovereign powers; as, a
postal convetion between two governments.
This convention, I think from my soul, is nothing but a stipulation
for national ignominy; a truce without a suspension of hostilities.
Ld. Chatham.
The convention with the State of georgia has been ratified by their
Legislature. T. Jefferson.

CONVENTIONAL
Con*ven"tion*al, a. Etym: [L. conventionalis: cf. F. conventionnel.]

1. Formed by agreement or compact; stipulated.
Conventional services reserved by tenures upon grants, made out of
the crown or knights' service. Sir M. Hale.

2. Growing out of, or depending on, custom or tacit agreement;
sanctioned by general concurrence or usage; formal. "Conventional
decorum." Whewell.
The conventional language appropriated to monarchs. Motley.
The ordinary salutations, and other points of social behavior, are
conventional. Latham.

3. (Fine Arts)
(a) Based upon tradition, whether religious and historical or of
artistic rules.
(b) Abstracted; removed from close representation of nature by the
deliberate selection of what is to be represented and what is to be
rejected; as, a conventional flower; a conventional shell. Cf.
Conventionalize, v. t.

CONVENTIONALISM
Con*ven"tion*al*ism, n.

1. That which is received or established by convention or arbitrary
agreement; that which is in accordance with the fashion, tradition,
or usage.
All the artifice and conventionalism of life. Hawthorne.
They gaze on all with dead, dim eyes, -- wrapped in conventionalisms,
. . . simulating feelings according to a received standart. F. W.
Robertson.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The principles or practice of conventionalizing. See
Conventionalize, v. t.

CONVENTIONALIST
Con*ven"tion*al*ist, n.

1. One who adheres to a convention or treaty.

2. One who is governed by conventionalism.

CONVENTIONALITY
Con*ven`tion*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Conventionalities (.

Defn: The state of being conventional; adherence to social
formalities or usages; that which is established by conventional use;
one of the customary usages of social life.

CONVENTIONALIZATION
Con*ven`tion*al*i*za"tion, n. (Fine Arts)
(a) The act of making conventional.
(b) The state of being conventional.

CONVENTIONALIZE
Con*ven"tion*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Conventionalized; p.pr. &
vb.n. Conventionalizing.]

1. To make conventional; to bring under the influence of, or cause to
conform to, conventional rules; to establish by usage.

2. (Fine Arts)
(a) To represent by selecting the important features and those which
are expressible in the medium employed, and omitting the others.
(b) To represent according to an established principle, whether
religious or traditional, or based upon certain artistic rules of
supposed importance.

CONVENTIONALIZE
Con*ven"tion*al*ize, v. i. (Fine Arts)

Defn: To make designs in art, according to conventional principles.
Cf. Conventionalize, v. t., 2.

CONVENTIONALLY
Con*ven"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a conventional manner.

CONVENTIONARY
Con*ven"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Acting under contract; settled by express agreement; as,
conventionary tenants. [Obs.] R. Carew.

CONVENTIONER
Con*ven"tion*er, n.

Defn: One who belongs to a convention or assembly.

CONVENTIONIST
Con*ven"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who enters into a convention, covenant, or contract.

CONVENTUAL
Con*ven"tu*al, a. Etym: [LL. conventualis: cf. F. conventuel.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a convent; monastic. "A conventual garb."
Macaulay. Conventual church, a church attached or belonging to a
convent or monastery. Wordsworth.

CONVENTUAL
Con*ven"tu*al, n.

Defn: One who lives in a convent; a monk or num; a recluse. Addison.

CONVERGE
Con*verge", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Converged; p.pr. & vb.n. Converging.]
Etym: [Pref. con- + L. vergere to turn, incline; cf. F. converger.
See Verge, v. i.]

Defn: To tend to one point; to incline and approach nearer together;
as, lines converge.
The mountains converge into a single ridge. Jefferson.

CONVERGE
Con*verge", v. t.

Defn: To cause to tend to one point; to cause to incline and approach
nearer together.
I converge its rays to a focus of dazzling brilliancy. Tyndall.

CONVERGENCE; CONVERGENCY
Con*ver"gence, Con*ver"gen*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. convergence.]

Defn: The condition or quality of converging; tendency to one point.
The convergence or divergence of the rays falling on the pupil.
Berkeley.

CONVERGENT
Con*ver"gent, a. Etym: [Cf. F. convergent.]

Defn: tending to one point of focus; tending to approach each other;
converging.
As many rays of light, as conveniently can be let in, and made
convergent. Boyle.
The vast dome of its cathedral . . . directing its convergent curves
to heaven. Hallam.

CONVERGING
Con*ver"ging, a.

Defn: Tending to one point; approaching each other; convergent; as,
converging lines. Whewell. Converging rays(Opt.), rays of light,
which, proceeding from different points of an object, tend toward a
single point.
 -- Converging series (Math.), a series in which if an indefinitely
great number of terms be taken, their sum will become indefinitely
near in value to a fixed quantity, which is called the sum of the
series; -- opposed to a diverging series.

CONVERSABLE
Con*vers"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. conversable.]

Defn: Qualified for conversation; disposed to converse; sociable;
free in discourse.
While young, humane, conversable, and kind. Cowper.

CONVERSABLENESS
Con*vers"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being conversable; disposition to converse;
sociability.

CONVERSABLY
Con*vers"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a conversable manner.

CONVERSANCE
Con"ver*sance, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being conversant; habit of familiarity;
familiar acquaintance; intimacy. [R.]

CONVERSANCY
Con"ver*san*cy, n.

Defn: Conversance [R.]

CONVERSANT
Con"ver*sant, a. Etym: [L. conversans, p.pr. of conversari: cf. F.
conversant.]

1. Having frequent or customary intercourse; familiary associated;
intimately acquainted.
I have been conversant with the first persons of the age. Dryden.

2. Familiar or acquainted by use or study; well-informed; versed; --
generally used with with, sometimes with in.
Deeply conversant in the Platonic philosophy. Dryden.
he uses the different dialects as one who had been conversant with
them all. Pope.
Conversant only with the ways of men. Cowper.

3. Concerned; occupied.
Education . . . is conversant about children. W. Wotton.

CONVERSANT
Con*vers"ant, n.

Defn: One who converses with another; a convenser. [R.]

CONVERSANTLY
Con"ver*sant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a familiar manner.

CONVERSATION
Con`ver*sa"tion, n. Etym: [OE. conversacio (in senses 1 & 2), OF.
conversacion, F. conversation, fr. L. conversatio frequent abode in a
place, intercourse, LL. also, manner of life.]

1. General course of conduct; behavior. [Archaic]
Let your conversation be as it becometh the gospel. Philip. i. 27.

2. Familiar intercourse; intimate fellowship or association; close
acquaintance. "Conversation with the best company." Dryden.
I set down, out of long experience in business and much conversation
in books, what I thought pertinent to this business. Bacon.

3. Commerce; intercourse; traffic. [Obs.]
All traffic and mutual conversation. Hakluyt.

4. Colloqual discourse; oral interchange of sentiments and
observations; informal dialogue.
The influence exercised by his [Johnson's] conversation was
altogether without a parallel. Macaulay.

5. Sexual intercourse; as, criminal conversation.

Syn.
 -- Intercourse; communion; commerce; familiarity; discourse;
dialogue; colloque; talk; chat.
 -- Conversation, Talk. There is a looser sense of these words, in
which they are synonymous; there is a stricter sense, in which they
differ. Talk is usually broken, familiar, and versatile. Conversation
is more continuous and sustained, and turns ordinarily upon topics or
higher interest. Children talk to their parents or to their
companions; men converse together in mixed assemblies. Dr. Johnson
once remarked, of an evening spent in society, that there had been a
great deal of talk, but no conversation.

CONVERSATIONAL
Con`ver*sa"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to conversation; in the manner of one conversing;
as, a conversational style. Thackeray.

CONVERSATIONALIST
Con`ver*sa"tion*al*ist, n.

Defn: A conversationist.

CONVERSATIONED
Conver*sa"tioned, a.

Defn: Acquainted with manners and deportment; behaved. [Obs.]
Till she be better conversationed, . . . I'll keep As far from her as
the gallows. Beau. & Fl.

CONVERSATIONISM
Con`ver*sa"tion*ism, n.

Defn: A word or phrase used in conversation; a colloqualism.

CONVERSATIONIST
Con`ver*sa"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who converses much, or who excels in conversation. Byron.

CONVERSATIVE
Con*ver"sa*tive, a.

Defn: Relating to intercourse with men; social; -- opposed to
contemplative.
She chose . . . to endue him with the conversative qualities of
youth. Sir H. Wotton.

CONVERSAZIONE
Con`ver*sa`zio"ne (or ), n.; pl. Conversazioni. Etym: [It. See
Conversation.]

Defn: A meeting or assembly for conversation, particularly on
literary or scientific subjects. Gray.
These conversazioni [at Florence] resemble our card assemblies. A.
Drummond.

CONVERSE
Con*verse", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Conversed; p.pr. & vb.n. Conversing.]
Etym: [F. converser, L. conversari to associate with; con- + versari
to be turned, to live, remain, fr. versare to turn often, v. intens.
of vertere to turn See Convert.]

1. To keep company; to hold intimate intercourse; to commune; --
followed by with.
To seek the distant hills, and there converse With nature. Thomson.
Conversing with the world, we use the world's fashions. Sir W. Scott.
But to converse with heaven -This is not easy. Wordsworth.

2. To engage, in familiar colloqui; to interchange thoughts and
opinions in a free, informal manner; to chat; -- followed by with
before a person; by on, about, concerning, etc., before a thing.
Companions That do converse and waste the time together. Shak.
We had conversed so often on that subject. Dryden.

3. To have knowledge of, from long intercourse or study; -- said of
things.
According as the objects they converse with afford greater or less
variety. Locke.

Syn.
 -- To associate; commune; discourse; talk; chat.

CONVERSE
Con"verse, n.

1. Frequent intercourse; familiar communion; intimate association.
Glanvill.
"T is but to hold Converse with Nature's charms, and view her stores
unrolled. Byron.

2. Familiar discourse; free interchange of thoughts or views;
conversation; chat.
Formed by thy converse happily to steer From grave to gay, from
lively to severe. Pope.

CONVERSE
Con"verse

Defn: , a. Etym: [L. conversus, p.p. of convertere. See Convert.]
Turned about; reversed in order or relation; reciprocal; as, a
converse proposition.

CONVERSE
Con"verse, n.

1. (Logic)

Defn: A proposition which arises from interchanging the terms of
another, as by putting the predicate for the subject, and the subject
for the predicate; as, no virtue is vice, no vice is virtue.

Note: It should not (as is often done) be confounded with the
contrary or opposite of a proposition, which is formed by introducing
the negative not or no.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A proposition in which, after a conclusion from something
supposed has been drawn, the order is inverted, making the conclusion
the supposition or premises, what was first supposed becoming now the
conclusion or inference. Thus, if two sides of a sides of a triangle
are equal, the angles opposite the sides are equal; and the converse
is true, i.e., if these angles are equal, the two sides are equal.

CONVERSELY
Con"verse*ly ( or , adv.

Defn: In a converse manner; with change of order or relation;
reciprocally. J. S. Mill.

CONVERSER
Con*vers"er, n.

Defn: One who engages in conversation.

CONVERSIBLE
Con*ver"si*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being converted or reversed. Hammond.

CONVERSION
Con*ver"sion, n. Etym: [L. conversio: cf. F. conversion. See
Convert.]

1. The act of turning or changing from one state or condition to
another, or the state of being changed; transmutation; change.
Artificial conversion of water into ice. Bacon.
The conversion of the aliment into fat. Arbuthnot.

2. The act of changing one's views or course, as in passing from one
side, party, or from of religion to another; also, the state of being
so changed. "Conversion to Christianity." Prescott.

3. (Law)

Defn: An appropriation of, and dealing with the property of another
as if it were one's own, without right; as, the conversion of a
horse.
Or bring my action of conversion And trover for my goods. Hudibras.

4. (Logic)

Defn: The act of interchanging the terms of a proposition, as by
putting the subject in the place of the predicate, or the contrary.

5. (Math.)

Defn: A change or reduction of the form or value of a proposition;
as, the conversion of equations; the conversion of proportions.

6. (Mil.)
(a) A change of front, as a body of troops attacked in the flank.
(b) A change of character or use, as of smoothbore guns into rifles.

7. (Theol.)

Defn: A spiritual and moral change attending a change of belief with
conviction; a change of heart; a change from the service of the world
to the service of God; a change of the ruling disposition of the
soul, involving a transformation of the outward life.
He oft Frequented their assemblies, . . . and to them preached
Conversion and repentance, as to souls In prison under judgments
imminent. Milton.

CONVERSIVE
Con*ver"sive, a.

1. Capable of being converted or changed.

2. Ready to converse; social. [Archaic] Feltham.

CONVERT
Con*vert", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Converted; p.pr. & vb.n. Converting.]
Etym: [L. convertere, -versum; con- + vertere to turn: cf. F.
convertir. See Verse.]

1. To cause to turn; to turn. [Obs.]
O, which way shall I first convert myself B. Jonson.

2. To change or turn from one state or condition to another; to alter
in form, substance, or quality; to transform; to transmute; as, to
convert water into ice.
If the whole atmosphere were converted into water. T. Burnet.
That still lessens The sorrow, and converts it nigh to joy. Milton.

3. To change or turn from one belief or course to another, as from
one religion to another or from one party or sect to another.
No attempt was made to convert the Moslems. Prescott.

4. To produce the spiritual change called conversion in (any one); to
turn from a bad life to a good one; to change the heart and moral
character of (any one) from the controlling power of sin to that of
holiness.
He which converteth the sinner from the error of his way shall save a
soul from death. Lames v. 20.

5. To apply to any use by a diversion from the proper or intended
use; to appropriate dishonestly or illegally.
When a bystander took a coin to get it changed, and converted it, [it
was] held no larceny. Cooley.

6. To exchange for some specified equivalent; as, to convert goods
into money.

7. (Logic)

Defn: To change (one proposition) into another, so that what was the
subject of the first becomes the predicate of the second.

8. To turn into another language; to translate. [Obs.]
Which story . . . Catullus more elegantly converted. B. Jonson.
Converted guns, cast-iron guns lined with wrought-iron or steel
tubes. Farrow.
 -- Converting furnace (Steel Manuf.), a furnace in which wrought
iron is converted into steel by cementation.

Syn.
 -- To change; turn; transmute; appropriate.

CONVERT
Con*vert", v. i.

Defn: To be turned or changed in character or direction; to undergo a
change, physically or morally.
If Nebo had had the preaching that thou hast, they [the Neboites]
would have converted. Latimer.
A red dust which converth into worms. Sandys.
The public hope And eye to thee converting. Thomson.

CONVERT
Con"vert, n.

1. A person who is converted from one opinion or practice to another;
a person who is won over to, or heartily embraces, a creed, religious
system, or party, in which he has not previously believed;
especially, one who turns from the controlling power of sin to that
of holiness, or from unbelief to Christianity.
The Jesuits did not persuade the converts to lay aside the use of
images. Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. A lay friar or brother, permitted to enter a monastery for the
service of the house, but without orders, and not allowed to sing in
the choir.

Syn.
 -- Proselyte; neophyte.
 -- Convert, Proselyte, Pervert. A convert is one who turns from what
he believes to have been a decided error of faith or practice. Such a
change may relate to religion, politics, or other subjects. properly
considered, it is not confined to speculation alone, but affects the
whole current of one's feelings and the tenor of his actions. As such
a change carries with it the appearance of sincerity, the term
convert is usually taken in a good sense. Proselyte is a term of more
ambiguous use and application. It was first applied to an adherent of
one religious system who had transferred himself externally to some
other religious system; and is also applied to one who makes a
similar transfer in respect to systems of philosophy or speculation.
The term has little or no reference to the state of the heart.
Pervert is a term of recent origin, designed to express the contrary
of convert, and to stigmatize a person as drawn off perverted from
the true faith. It has been more particulary applied by members of
the Church of England to those who have joined the Roman Catholic
Church.

CONVERTEND
Con`ver*tend", n. Etym: [L. convertenus to be converted.] (Logic)

Defn: Any proposition which is subject to the process of conversion;
-- so called in its relation to itself as converted, after which
process it is termed the conversae. See Converse, n. (Logic).

CONVERTER
Con*vert"er, n.

1. One who converts; one who makes converts.

2. (Steel Manuf.)

Defn: A retort, used in the Bessemer process, in which molten cast
iron is decarburized and converted into steel by a blast of air
forced through the liquid metal.

CONVERTIBILITY
Con*vert`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being convertible; capability of
being exchanged; convertibleness.
The mutual convertibility of land into money, and of money into land.
Burke.

CONVERTIBLE
Con*vert"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. convertibilis: cf. F. convertible.]

1. Capable of being converted; susceptible of change; transmutable;
transformable.
Minerals are not convertible into another species, though of the same
genus. Harvey.

2. Capable of being exchanged or interchanged; reciprocal;
interchangeable.
So long as we are in the regions of nature, miraculous and
improbable, miraculous and incredible, may be allowed to remain
convertible terms. Trench.

CONVERTIBLENESS
Con*vert"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being convertible; convertibility.

CONVERTIBLY
Con*vert"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In a convertible manner.

CONVERTITE
Con"vert*ite, n. Etym: [Cf. It. convertito, p.p. of convertire to
convert.]

Defn: A convert. [Obs.] Shak.

CONVEX
Con"vex, a. Etym: [L. convexus vaulted, arched, convex, concave, fr.
convehere to bring together: cf. F. convexe. See Vehicle.]

Defn: Rising or swelling into a spherical or rounded form; regularly
protuberant or bulging; -- said of a spherical surface or curved line
when viewed from without, in opposition to concave.
Drops of water naturally form themselves into figures with a convex
surface. Whewell.
Double convex, convex on both sides; convexo-convex.

CONVEX
Con"vex, n.

Defn: A convex body or surface.
Half heaven's convex glitters with the flame. Tickell.

Note: This word was often pronounced con-vex' by early writers, as by
Milton, and occasionallyby later poets.

CONVEXED
Con"vexed ( or ), a.

Defn: Made convex; protuberant in a spherical form. Sir T. Browne.

CONVEXEDLY
Con*vex"ed*ly, dv.

Defn: In a convex form; convexly. Sir T. Browne.

CONVEXEDNESS
Con*vex"ed*ness, n.

Defn: Convexity.

CONVEXITY
Con*vex"i*ty, n.; pl. Convexities. Etym: [L. convexitas: cf. F.
convexité.]

Defn: The state of being convex; the exterior surface of a convex
body; roundness.
A smooth, uniform convexity and rotundity of a globe. Bentley.

CONVEXLY
Con"vex*ly, adv.

Defn: In a convex form; as, a body convexly shaped.

CONVEXNESS
Con"vex*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being convex; convexity.

CONVEXO-CONCAVE
Con*vex"o-con"cave (or ), a.

Defn: Convex on one side, and concave on the other. The curves of the
convex and concave sides may be alike or may be different. See
Meniscus.

CONVEXO-CONVEX
Con*vex"o-con"vex, a.

Defn: Convex on botConvex, a.

CONVEXO-PLANE
Con*vex"o-plane`, a.

Defn: Convex on one side, and flat on the other; plano-convex.

CONVEY
Con*vey", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Conveyed; p.pr. & vb.n. Conveying.]
Etym: [OF. conveir, convoier, to escort, convoy, F. convoyer, LL.
conviare, fr. L. con- + via way. See Viaduct, Voyage, and cf.
Convoy.]

1. To carry from one place to another; to bear or transport.
I will convey them by sea in fleats. 1 Kings v. 9.
Convey me to my bed, then to my grave. Shak.

2. To cause to pass from one place or person to another; to serve as
a medium in carrying (anything) from one place or person to another;
to transmit; as, air conveys sound; words convey ideas.

3. To transfer or deliver to another; to make over, as property; more
strictly (Law), to transfer (real estate) or pass (a title to real
estate) by a sealed writing.
The Earl of Desmond . . . secretly conveyed all his lands to feoffees
in trust. Spenser.

4. To impart or communicate; as, to convey an impression; to convey
information.
Men fill one another's heads with noise and sound, but convey not
thereby their thoughts. Locke.

5. To manage with privacy; to carry out. [Obs.]
I . . . will convey the business as I shall find means. Shak.

6. To carry or take away secretly; to steal; to thieve. [Obs.]

7. To accompany; to convoy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- To carry; transport; bear; transmit; trnsfer.

CONVEY
Con*vey", v. i.

Defn: To play the thief; to steal. [Cant]
But as I am Crack, I will convey, crossbite, and cheat upon
Simplicius. Marston.

CONVEYABLE
Con*vey"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being conveyed or transferred. Burke.

CONVEYANCE
Con*vey"ance, n.

1. The act of conveying, carrying, or transporting; carriage.
The long joirney was to be performed on horseback, -- the only sure
mode of conveyamce. Prescott.
Following th river downward, there is conveyance into the countries
named in the text. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. The instrument or means of carrying or transporting anything from
place to place; the vehicle in which, or means by which, anything is
carried from one place to another; as, stagecoaches, omnibuses, etc.,
are conveyances; a canal or aqueduct is a conveyance for water.
There pipes and these conveyances of our blood. Shak.

3. The act or process of transferring, transmitting, handing down, or
communicating; transmission.
Tradition is no infallible way of conveyance. Stillingfleet.

4. (Law)

Defn: The act by which the title to property, esp. real estate, is
transferred; transfer of ownership; an instrument in writing (as a
deed or mortgage), by which the title to property is conveyed from
one person to another.
[He] found the conveyances in law to be so firm, that in justice he
must decree the land to the earl. Clarendon.

5. Dishonest management, or artifice. [Obs.]
the very jesuits themselves . . . can not possibly devise any
juggling conveyance how to shift it off. Hakewill.

CONVEYANCER
Con*vey"an*cer, n. (Law)

Defn: One whose business is to draw up conveyances of property, as
deeds, mortgages, leases, etc. Burrill.

CONVEYANCING
Con*vey"an*cing, n. (Law)

Defn: The business of a conveyancer; the act or business of drawing
deeds, leases, or other writings, for transferring the title to
property from one person to another.

CONVEYER
Con*vey"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, conveys or carries, transmits or
transfers.

2. One given to artifices or secret practices; a juggler; a cheat; a
thief. [Obs.] Shak.

CONVEYOR
Con*vey"or, n. (Mach.)

Defn: A contrivance for carrying objects from place to place; esp.,
one for conveying grain, coal, etc., -- as a spiral or screw turning
in a pipe or trough, an endless belt with buckets, or a truck running
along a rope.

CONVICIATE
Con*vi"ci*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. conviciatus, p.p. of conviciari to
revile, fr. convicium loud reproach.]

Defn: To utter reproaches; to raise a clamor; to rail. [Obs.]
To conviciate instead of accusing. Laud.

CONVICINITY
Con`vi*cin"i*ty, n.; pl. Convicinities (.

Defn: Immediate vicinity; neighborhood.
The convicinity and contiguity of the two parishes. T. Warton.

CONVICIOUS
Con*vi"cious, a.

Defn: Expressing reproach; abusive; railing; taunting. [Obs.]
"Convicious words." Queen Elizabeth (1559).

CONVICT
Con*vict", p.a. Etym: [L. convictus, p.p. of convincere to convict,
prove. See Convice.]

Defn: Proved or found guilty; convicted. [Obs.] Shak.
Convict by flight, and rebel to all law. Milton.

CONVICT
Con"vict, n.

1. A person proved guilty of a crime alleged against him; one legally
convicted or sentenced to punishment for some crime.

2. A criminal sentenced to penal servitude.

Syn.
 -- Malefactor; culprit; felon; criminal.

CONVICT
Con*vict", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Convicted; p.pr. & vb.n. Convicting.]

1. To prove or find guilty of an offense or crime charged; to
pronounce guilty, as by legal decision, or by one's conscience.
He [Baxter] . . . had been convicted by a jury. Macaulay.
They which heard it, being convicted by their own conscience, went
out one by one. John viii. 9.

2. To prove or show to be false; to confute; to refute. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

3. To demonstrate by proof or evidence; to prove.
Imagining that these proofs will convict a testament, to have that in
it which other men can nowhere by reading find. Hooker.

4. To defeat; to doom to destruction. [Obs.]
A whole armado of convicted sail. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To confute; defect; convince; confound.

CONVICTIBLE
Con*victi*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being convicted. [R.] Ash.

CONVICTION
Con*vic"tion, n. Etym: [L. convictio proof: cf. F. conviction
conviction (in sense 3 & 4). See Convict, Convince.]

1. The act of convicting; the act of proving, finding, or adjudging,
guilty of an offense.
The greater certainty of conviction and the greater certainty of
punishment. Hallam.

2. (Law)

Defn: A judgment of condemnation entered by a court having
jurisdiction; the act or process of finding guilty, or the state of
being found guilty of any crime by a legal tribunal.
Conviction may accrue two ways. Blackstone.

3. The act of convincing of error, or of compelling the admission of
a truth; confutation.
For all his tedious talk is but vain boast, Or subtle shifts
conviction to evade. Milton.

4. The state of being convinced or convicted; strong persuasion or
belief; especially, the state of being convicted of sin, or by one's
conscience.
To call good evil, and evil good, against the conviction of their own
consciences. Swift.
And did you presently fall under the power of this conviction Bunyan.

Syn.
 -- Conviction; persuasion.
 -- Conviction respects soley matters of belief or faith; persuasion
respects matters of belief or practice. Conviction respects our most
important duties; persuasion is frequently applied to matters of
indifference. Crabb.
 -- Conviction is the result of the [operation of the] understanding;
persuasion, of the will. Conviction is a necessity of the mind,
persuasion an acquiescence of the inclination. C. J. Smith.
 -- Persuasion often induces men to act in opposition to their
conviction of duty.

CONVICTISM
Con"vict*ism, n.

Defn: The policy or practice of transporting convicts to penal
settlements. "The evils of convictism." W. Howitt.

CONVICTIVE
Con*vict"ive, a.

Defn: Convincing. [R.]
The best and most convictive argument. Glanwill.
-- Con*vict"ive*ly, adv.
 -- Con*vict"ive*ness, n.

CONVINCE
Con*vince", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Convinced; p.pr. & vb.n. Convincing.]
Etym: [L. convincere, -victum, to refute, prove; con- + vincere to
conquer. See Victor, and cf. Convict.]

1. To overpower; to overcome; to subdue or master. [Obs.]
His two chamberlains Will I with wine and wassail so convince That
memory, the warder of the brain, Shall be a fume. Shak.

2. To overcome by argument; to force to yield assent to truth; to
satisfy by proof.
Such convincing proofs and assurances of it as might enable them to
convince others. Atterbury.

3. To confute; to prove the fallacy of. [Obs.]
God never wrought miracle to convince atheism, because his ordinary
works convince it. Bacon.

4. To prove guilty; to convinct. [Obs.]
Which of you convinceth me of sin John viii. 46.
Seek not to convince me of a crime Which I can ne'er repent, nor you
can pardon. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To persuade; satisfy; convict.
 -- To Convince, persuade. To convince is an act of the
understanding; to persuade, of the will or feelings. The one is
effected by argument, the other by motives. There are cases, however,
in which persuade may seem to be used in reference only to the assent
of the understanding; as when we say, I am persuaded it is so; I can
not persuade myself of the fact. But in such instances there is
usually or always a degree of awakened feeling which has had its
share in producing the assent of the understanding.

CONVINCEMENT
Con*vince"ment, n.

Defn: Act of convincing, or state of being convinced; conviction.
[R.]
The fear of a convincement. Milton.

CONVINCER
Con*vin"cer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, convinces; one who wins over by proof.

CONVINCIBLE
Con*vin"ci*ble, a.

1. Capable of being convinced or won over.

2. Capable of being confuted and disproved by argument; refutable.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

CONVINCINGLY
Con*vin"cing*ly, adv.

Defn: in a convincing manner; in a manner to compel assent.

CONVINCINGNESS
Con*vin"cing*ness, n.

Defn: The power of convincing, or the quality of being convincing.

CONVIVAL
Con*viv"al, a. Etym: [L. convivalis. See Convive.]

Defn: pertaining to a feast or to festivity; convivial. [Obs.] "A
convival dish." Sir T. Browne.

CONVIVE
Con*vive", v. i. Etym: [L. convivari; akin to convivium a feast,
convivere to live or feast together; con- + vivere to live.]

Defn: To feast together; to be convivial. [Obs.] "There, in the full,
convive we." Shak.

CONVIVE
Con"vive, n. Etym: [L. conviva: cf. F. convive.]

Defn: A quest at a banquet. [R.] Beaumont.

CONVIVIAL
Con*viv"i*al, a. Etym: [From L. convivium a feast; con- + vivere to
live. See Victuals, and cf. Convive.]

Defn: Of or relating to a feast or entertainment, or to eating and
drinking, with accompanying festivity; festive; social; gay; jovial.
Which feasts convivial meetings we did name. Denham.

CONVIVIALIST
Con*viv"i*al*ist, n.

Defn: A person of convivial habits.

CONVIVIALITY
Con*viv`i*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Convivialities (.

Defn: The good humor or mirth indulged in upon festive occasions; a
convivial spirit or humor; festivity.

CONVIVIALLY
Con*viv"i*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a convivial manner.

CONVOCATE
Con"vo*cate, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Convocated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Convocating.] Etym: [L. convocatus, p.p. of convocare to convocate;
con- + vocare to call. See Vocal, and cf. Convoce.]

Defn: To convoke; to call together. [Obs.] May (Lucan).

CONVOCATION
Con`vo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. convocatio: cf. F. convocation. See
Convoke.]

1. The act of calling or assembling by summons.

2. An assembly or meeting.
In the first day there shall be a holy convocation. Ex. xii. 16.

3. (Ch. of Eng.)

Defn: An assembly of the clergy, by their representatives, to consult
on ecclesiastical affairs.

Note: In England, the provinces of Canterbury and York have each
their convocation, but no session for business were allowed from 1717
to 1861. The Convocation of Canterbury consists of two houses. In the
Convocation of York the business has been generally conducted in one
assembly.

4. (Oxf. University)

Defn: An academical assembly, in which the business of the university
is transacted.

Syn.
 -- meeting; assembly; congregation; congress; diet; convention;
synod; council.

CONVOCATIONAL
Con`vo*ca"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a convocation.

CONVOCATIONIST
Con`vo*ca"tion*ist, n.

Defn: An advocate or defender of convocation.

CONVOKE
Con*voke", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Convoked; p.pr. & vb.n. Convoking.]
Etym: [L. convocare: cf. F. convoquer. See Convocate.]

Defn: To call together; to summon to meet; to assemble by summons.
There remained no resource but the dreadful one of convoking a
parliament. palfrey.

Syn.
 -- To summon; assemble; convene. See Call.

CONVOLUTE
Con"vo*lute, a. Etym: [L. convolutus, p.p. of convolvere. See
Convolve.] (Bot.)

Defn: Rolled or wound together, one part upon another; -- said of the
leaves of plants in æstivation.

CONVOLUTED
Con"vo*lu`ted, a.

1. Having convolutions.
beaks recurved and convoluted like a ram's horn. Pennant.

2. Folded in tortuous windings.
A highly convoluted brain. North Amer. Rev.

CONVOLUTION
Con`vo*lu"tion, n.

1. The act of rolling anything upon itself, or one thing upon
another; a winding motion.
O'er the calm sea, in convolution swift, The feathered eddy floats.
Thomson.

2. The state of being rolled upon itself, or rolled or doubled
together; a tortuous or sinuous winding or fold, as of something
rolled or folded upon itself. Blackmore.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: An irregular, tortuous folding of an organ or part; as, the
convolutions of the intestines; the cerebral convolutions. See Brain.

CONVOLVE
Con*volve", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Convolved; p.pr. & vb.n. Convolving.]
Etym: [L. convolvere, -volutum; con- + volvere to roll. See Voluble.]

Defn: To roll or wind together; to roll or twist one part on another.
Then Satan first knew pain, And writhed him to and fro convolved.
Milton.

CONVOLVULACEOUS
Con*vol`vu*la"ceous, a. Etym: [From Convolvus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of which
the bindweed and the morning-glory are common examples.

CONVOLVULIN
Con*vol"vu*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside occurring in jalap (the root of a convolvulaceous
plant), and extracted as a colorless, tasteless, gummy mass of
powerful purgative properties.

CONVOLVULUS
Con*vol"vu*lus, n.; pl. L.Convolvuli, E. Convoluluses. Etym: [L.,
bindweed, fr. convolvere to roll around. So named from its twining
stems.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large genus of plants having monopetalous flowers, including
the common bindweed (C. arwensis), and formerly the morning-glory,
but this is now transferred to the genus Ipomæa.
The luster of the long convolvuluses That coiled around the stately
stems. Tennyson.

CONVOY
Con*voy", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Convoyed; p.pr. & vb.n. Convoying.]
Etym: [F. convoyer, OF. conveier, convoier. See Convey.]

Defn: To accompany for protection, either by sea or land; to attend
for protection; to escort; as, a frigate convoys a merchantman.
I know ye skillful to convoy The total freight of hope and joy.
Emerson.

CONVOY
Con"voy, n. Etym: [F. convoi.]

1. The act of attending for defense; the state of being so attended;
protection; escort.
To obtain the convoy of a man-of-war. Macaulay.

2. A vessel or fleet, or a train or trains of wagons, employed in the
transportation of munitions of war, money, subsistence, clothing,
etc., and having an armed escort.

3. A protection force accompanying ships, etc., on their way from
place to place, by sea or land; an escort, for protection or
guidance.
When every morn my bosom glowed To watch the convoy on the road.
Emerson.

4. Conveyance; means of transportation. [Obs.] Shak.

5. A drag or brake applied to the wheels of a carriage, to check
their velocity in going down a hill. Knight.

CONVOY PENNANT
Con"voy pen"nant. A white pennant with red border, carried :
 (a) Forward on all vessels on convoy duty.
 (b) Alone by a senior officer present during evolutions or drills,
when it commands "Silence."
 (c) Over a signal number, when it refers to the signal number of an
officer in the Annual Navy Register.

CONVULSE
Con*vulse", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Convulsed; p.pr. & vb.n. Convulsing.]
Etym: [L. convulsus, p.p. of convellere to tear up, to shake; con- +
vellere to pluck, pull.]

1. To contract violently and irregulary, as the muscular parts of an
animal body; to shake with irregular spasms, as in excessive
laughter, or in agony from grief or pain.
With emotions which checked his voice and convulsed his powerful
frame. Macaulay.

2. To agitate greatly; to shake violently.
The world is convulsed by the agonies of great nations. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- To agitate; disturb; shake; tear; rend.

CONVULSION
Con*vul"sion, n. Etym: [L. convulsio: cf. F. convulsion.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: An unnatural, violent, and unvoluntary contraction of the
muscular parts of an animal body.

2. Any violent and irregular motion or agitation; a violent shaking;
a tumult; a commotion.
Those two massy pillars, With horrible convulsion, to and fro He
tugged, he shook, till down they came. Milton.
Times of violence and convulsion. Ames.

Syn.
 -- Agitation; commotion; tumult; disturbance.

CONVULSIONAL
Con*vul"sion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or having, convulsions; convulsionary. [R.]
Lamb.

CONVULSIONARY
Con*vul"sion*a*ry (, a. Etym: [Cf. F. convulsionnaire.]

Defn: Pertaining to convulsion; convulsive. "Convulsionary
struggles." Sir W. Scott.

CONVULSIONARY
Con*vul"sion*a*ry, n.

Defn: A convulsionist.

CONVULSIONIST
Con*vul"sion*ist, n.

Defn: One who has convulsions; esp., one of a body of fanatics in
France, early in the eighteenth century, who went into convulsions
under the influence of religious emotion; as, the Convulsionists of
St. Médard.

CONVULSIVE
Con*vul"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. convulsif.]

Defn: Producing, or attended with, convulsions or spasms;
characterized by convulsions; convulsionary.
An irregular, convulsive movement may be necessary to throw off an
irregular, convulsive disease. Burke.

CONVULSIVELY
Con*vul"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: in a convulsive manner.

CONY
Co"ny ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [OE. coning, conig, coni, OF. connin,
conin, connil, fr. L. cuniculus a rabbit, cony, prob. an Hispanic
word.] [Written also coney.]

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) A rabbit, esp., the European rabbit (Lepus cuniculus).
(b) The chief hare.

Note: The cony of Scripture is thought to be Hyrax Syriacus, called
also daman, and cherogril. See Daman.

2. A simpleton. [Obs.]
It is a most simple animal; whence are derived our usual phrases of
cony and cony catcher. Diet's Dry Dinner (1599).

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) An important edible West Indian fish (Epinephelus apua); the hind
of Bermuda.
(b) A local name of the burbot. [Eng.]

CONY-CATCH
Co"ny-catch, v. t.

Defn: To deceive; to cheat; to trick. [Obs.]
Take heed, Signor Baptista, lest you be cony-catched in the this
business. Shak.

CONY-CATCHER
Co"ny-catch`er, n.

Defn: A cheat; a sharper; a deceiver. [Obs.] Minsheu.

CONYLENE
Con"y*lene, n. Etym: [Conine + acetylene.]

Defn: An oily substance, C8H14, obtained from several derivatives of
conine.

CONYRINE
Con"y*rine, n. Etym: [From Conine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A blue, fluorescent, oily base (regarded as a derivative of
pyridine), obtained from conine.

COO
Coo, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Cooed; p.pr. & vb.n. Cooing.]

1. To make a low repeated cry or sound, like the characteristic note
of pigeons or doves.
The stockdove only through the forest cooes, Mournfully hoarse.
Thomson.

2. To show affection; to act in a loving way. See under Bill, v. i.
"Billing or cooing." Byron.

COOEY; COOEE
Coo"ey, Coo"ee, n. Etym: [Of imitative origin.]

Defn: A peculiar whistling sound made by the Australian aborigenes as
a call or signal. [Written also cooie.]

COOK
Cook, v. i. Etym: [Of imitative origin.]

Defn: To make the noise of the cuckoo. [Obs. or R.]
Constant cuckoos cook on every side. The Silkworms (1599).

COOK
Cook, v. t. Etym: [Etymol. unknown.]

Defn: To throw. [Prov.Eng.] "Cook me that ball." Grose.

COOK
Cook, n. Etym: [AS. coc, fr. l. cocus, coquus, coquus, fr. coquere to
cook; akin to Gr. pac, and to E. apricot, biscuit, concoct,
dyspepsia, precocious. Cf. Pumpkin.]

1. One whose occupation is to prepare food for the table; one who
dresses or cooks meat or vegetables for eating.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish, the European striped wrasse.

COOK
Cook, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Cooked; p.pr & vb.n. Cooking.]

1. To prepare, as food, by boiling, roasting, baking, broiling, etc.;
to make suitable for eating, by the agency of fire or heat.

2. To concoct or prepare; hence, to tamper with or alter; to garble;
-- often with up; as, to cook up a story; to cook an account.
[Colloq.]
They all of them receive the same advices from abroad, and very often
in the same words; but their way of cooking it is so different.
Addison.

COOK
Cook, v. i.

Defn: To prepare food for the table.

COOKBOOK
Cook"book`, n.

Defn: A book of directions and receipts for cooking; a cookery book.
[U.S.]
"Just How": a key to the cookbooks. Mrs. A. D. T. Whitney.

COOKEE
Cook*ee", n.

Defn: A female cook. [R.]

COOKERY
Cook"er*y, n.

1. The art or process of preparing food for the table, by dressing,
compounding, and the application of heat.

2. A delicacy; a dainty. [Obs.] R. North.

COOKEY; COOKIE
Cook"ey, Cook"ie, n.

Defn: See Cooky.

COOKMAID
Cook"maid`, n.

Defn: A female servant or maid who dresses provisions and assists the
cook.

COOKROOM
Cook"room`, n.

Defn: A room for cookery; a kitchen; the galley or caboose of a ship.
Sir W. Raleigh.

COOKSHOP
Cook`shop, n.

Defn: An eating house. "A subterranean cookshop." Macaulay.

COOKY
Cook"y, n.; pl. Cookies. Etym: [Cf. D. koek cake, dim. koekje; akin
to G. kuchen, E. cake; or cf. OE. coket, prob., a sort of cake, and
prob. of French origin.]

Defn: A small, flat, sweetened cake of various kinds.

COOL
Cool, a. [Compar. Cooler; superl. Coolest.] Etym: [AS. col; akin to
D. koel, G. kühl, OHG. chouli, Dan. kölig, Sw. kylig, also to AS.
calan to be cold, Icel. kala. See Cold, and cf. Chill.]

1. Moderately cold; between warm and cold; lacking in warmth;
producing or promoting coolness.
Fanned with cool winds. Milton.

2. Not ardent, warm, fond, or passionate; not hasty; deliberate;
exercising self-control; self-possessed; dispassionate; indifferent;
as, a cool lover; a cool debater.
For a patriot, too cool. Goldsmith.

3. Not retaining heat; light; as, a cool dress.

4. Manifesting coldness or dislike; chilling; apathetic; as, a cool
manner.

5. Quietly impudent; negligent of propriety in matters of minor
importance, either ignorantly or willfully; presuming and selfish;
audacious; as, cool behavior.
Its cool stare of familiarity was intolerable. Hawthorne.

6. Applied facetiously, in a vague sense, to a sum of money, commonly
as if to give emphasis to the largeness of the amount.
He had lost a cool hundred. Fielding.
Leaving a cool thousand to Mr.Matthew Pocket. Dickens.

Syn.
 -- Calm; dispassionate; self-possessed; composed; repulsive; frigid;
alienated; impudent.

COOL
Cool, n.

Defn: A moderate state of cold; coolness; -- said of the temperature
of the air between hot and cold; as, the cool of the day; the cool of
the morning or evening.

COOL
Cool, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Cooled; p.pr. & vb.n. Cooling.]

1. To make cool or cold; to reduce the temperature of; as, ice cools
water.
Send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water, and
cool my tongue. Luke xvi. 24.

2. To moderate the heat or excitement of; to allay, as passion of any
kind; to calm; to moderate.
We have reason to cool our raging motions, our carnal stings, our
unbitted lusts. Shak.
To cool the heels, to dance attendance; to wait, as for admission to
a patron's house. [Colloq.] Dryden.

COOL
Cool, v. i.

1. To become less hot; to lose heat.
I saw a smith stand with his hammer, thus, the whilst his iron did on
the anvil cool. Shak.

2. To lose the heat of excitement or passion; to become more
moderate.
I will not give myself liberty to think, lest I should cool.
Congreve.

COOLER
Cool"er, n.

Defn: That which cools, or abates heat or excitement.
if acid things were used only as coolers, they would not be so proper
in this case. Arbuthnot.

2. Anything in or by which liquids or other things are cooled, as an
ice chest, a vessel for ice water, etc.

COOL-HEADED
Cool"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a temper not easily excited; free from passion.
 -- Cool"-head`ed*ness, n.

COOLIE
Coo"lie, n.

Defn: Same as Cooly.

COOLING
Cool"ing, p.a.

Defn: Adapted to cool and refresh; allaying heat. "The cooling
brook." Goldsmith. Cooling card, something that dashes hopes. [Obs.]
-- Cooling time (Law), such a lapse of time as ought, taking all the
circumstances of the case in view, to produce a subsiding of passion
previously provoked. Wharton.

COOLISH
Cool"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat cool.
The nights began to grow a little coolish. Goldsmith.

COOLLY
Cool"ly, a.

Defn: Coolish; cool. [Obs.] Spenser.

COOLLY
Cool"ly, adv.

Defn: In a cool manner; without heat or excessive cold; without
passion or ardor; calmly; deliberately; with indifference;
impudently.

COOLNESS
Cool"ness, n.

1. The state of being cool; a moderate degree of cold; a moderate
degree, or a want, of passion; want of ardor, zeal, or affection;
calmness.

2. Calm impudence; self-possession. [Colloq.]

COOLUNG
Coo"lung, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The great gray crane of India (Grus cinerea). [Also written
coolen and cullum.]

COOLY; COOLIE
Coo"ly, Coo"lie, n.; pl. Coolies. Etym: [Hind. k a laborer, porter:
cf. Turk. k, ky, slave.]

Defn: An East Indian porter or carrier; a laborer transported from
the East Indies, China, or Japan, for service in some other country.

COOM
Coom, n. Etym: [Cf. G. kahm mold gathered on liquids, D. kam, Sw.
kimrök pine soot, smoke black, Icel. kam grime, film of dirt.]

Defn: Soot; coal dust; refuse matter, as the dirty grease which comes
from axle boxes, or the refuse at the mouth of an oven. Phillips.
Bailey.

COOMB
Coomb, n. Etym: [AS. cumb a liquid measure, perh. from LL. cumba
boat, tomb of stone, fr. Gr. kumpf bowl.]

Defn: A dry measure of four bushels, or half a quarter. [Written also
comb.]

COOMB; COOMBE
Coomb, Coombe, n. Etym: [See Comb, Combe, in this sense.]

Defn: A hollow in a hillside. [Prov. Eng.] See Comb, Combe.

COON
Coon, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A raccoon. See Raccoon.

COONCAN
Coon"can, n. [Corrupt of conquian.]

Defn: A game of cards derived from conquian, played by two or more
players with one or two full packs of cards.

COONTIE
Coon"tie, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A cycadaceous plant of Florida and the West Indies, the Zamia
integrifolia, from the stems of which a kind of sago is prepared.

COOP
Coop, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. cypa a measure, D. kuip tub, Icel. kupa bowl,
G. kufe coop tub; all fr. L. cupa vat, tub, LL. cupa, copa, cup. See
Cup, and cf. Keeve.]

1. A barrel or cask for liquor. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. An inclosure for keeping small animals; a pen; especially, a
grated box for confining poultry.

3. A cart made close with boarde; a tumbrel. [Scotch]

COOP
Coop, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Cooped; p.pr. & vb.n. Cooping.]

Defn: To confine in a coop; hence, to shut up or confine in a narrow
compass; to cramp; -- usually followed by up, sometimes by in.
The Trojans coopet within their walls so long. Dryden.
The contempt of all other knowledge . . . coops the understanding up
within narrow bounds. Locke.

2. To work upon in the manner of a cooper. [Obs.] "Shaken tubs . . .
be new cooped." Holland.

Syn.
 -- To crowd; confine; imprison.

COOPEE
Coo*pee", n.

Defn: See Coupe. [Obs.] Johnson.

COOPER
Coop"er, n. Etym: [From Coop.]

Defn: One who makes barrels, hogsheads, casks, etc.

COOPER
Coop"er, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Coopered; p.pr. & vb.n. Coopering.]

Defn: To do the work of a cooper upon; as, to cooper a cask or
barrel.

COOPERAGE
Coop"er*age, n.

1. Work done by a cooper.

2. The price paid for coopers; work.

3. A place where coopers' work is done.

COOPERANT
Co*öp"er*ant, a. Etym: [Cf. F. coopérant.]

Defn: Operating together; as, coöperant forces.

COOPERATE
Co*öp"er*ate, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Coöperated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Coöperating.] Etym: [L. coöperatus, p.p. of coöperari to coöperate;
co + operari to work, opus work. See Operate.]

Defn: To act or operate jointly with another or others; to concur in
action, effort, or effect.
Whate'er coöperates to the common mirth. Crashaw.

COOPERATION
Co*öp`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. coöperatio: cf. F. coopération.]

1. The act of coöperating, or of operating together to one end; joint
operation; concurrent effort or labor.
Not holpen by the coöperation of angels. Bacon.

2. (Polit. Econ.)

Defn: The association of a number of persons for their benefit.

COOPERATIVE
Co*öp"er*a*tive, a.

Defn: Operating jointly to the same end. Coöperative society, a
society established on the principle of a joint-stock association,
for the production of commodities, or their purchase and distribution
for consumption, or for the borrowing and lending of capital among
its members.
 -- Coöperative store, a store established by a coöperative society,
where the members make their purchases and share in the profits or
losses.

COOPERATOR
Co*öp"er*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. coopérateur.]

Defn: One who labors jointly with others to promote the same end.
"Coöperators with the truth." Boyle.

COOPERING
Coop"er*ing, n.

Defn: Work done by a cooper in making or repairing barrels, casks,
etc.; the business of a cooper.

COOPERY
Coop"er*y, a.

Defn: Relating to a cooper; coopered. [Obs.]
Coopery vessels made of wood. Holland.

COOPERY
Coop"er*y, n.

Defn: The occupation of a cooper. Crabb.

COOPT
Co*öpt", v. t. Etym: [See Coöptate. Cf. F. coopter.]

Defn: To choose or elect in concert with another. [R.]
Each of the hundred was to coöpt three others. Jowett (Thysyd. ).

COOPTATE
Co*öp"tate, v. t. Etym: [L. coöptatus, p.p. of coötare to elect to
something; co- + optare to choose.]

Defn: To choose; to elect; to coöpt. [Obs.] Cockeram.

COOPTATION
Co`öp*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. coöptatio.]

Defn: The act of choosing; selection; choice. [Obs.]
The first election and coöptation of a friend. Howell.

COORDAIN
Co`ör*dain, v. t.

Defn: To ordain or appoint for some purpose along with another.

COORDINANCE
Co*ör"di*nance, n.

Defn: Joint ordinance.

COORDINATE
Co*ör"di*nate, a. Etym: [Pref. co- + L. ordinatus, p.p. of ordinare
to regulate. See Ordain.]

Defn: Equal in rank or order; not subordinate.
Whether there was one Supreme Governor of the world, or many
coördinate powers presiding over each country. Law.
Conjunctions joint sentences and coördinate terms. Rev. R. Morris.
Coördinate adjectives, adjectives disconnected as regards ane
another, but referring equally to the same subject.
 -- Coördinate conjunctions, conjunctions joining independent
propositions. Rev. R. Morris.

COORDINATE
Co*ör"di*nate , v. t. [imp. & p.p. Coördinated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Coördinating.]

1. To make coördinate; to put in the same order or rank; as, to
coördinate ideas in classification.

2. To give a common action, movement, or condition to; to regulate
and combine so as to produce harmonious action; to adjust; to
harmonize; as, to coördinate muscular movements.

COORDINATE
Co*ör"di*nate, n.

1. A thing of the same rank with another thing; one two or more
persons or things of equal rank, authority, or importance.
It has neither coördinate nor analogon; it is absolutely one.
Coleridge.

2. pl. (Math.)

Defn: Lines, or other elements of reference, by means of which the
position of any point, as of a curve, is defined with respect to
certain fixed lines, or planes, called coördinate axes and coördinate
planes. See Abscissa.

Note: Coördinates are of several kinds, consisting in some of the
different cases, of the following elements, namely: (a) (Geom. of Two
Dimensions) The abscissa and ordinate of any point, taken together;
as the abscissa PY and ordinate PX of the point P (Fig. 2, referred
to the coördinate axes AY and AX. (b) Any radius vector PA (Fig. 1),
together with its angle of inclination to a fixed line, APX, by which
any point A in the same plane is referred to that fixed line, and a
fixed point in it, called the pole, P. (c) (Geom. of Three
Dimensions) Any three lines, or distances, PB, PC, PD (Fig. 3), taken
parallel to three coördinate axes, AX, AY, AZ, and measured from the
corresponding coördinate fixed planes, YAZ, XAZ, XAY, to any point in
space, P, whose position is thereby determined with respect to these
planes and axes. (d) A radius vector, the angle which it makes with a
fixed plane, and the angle which its projection on the plane makes
with a fixed line line in the plane, by which means any point in
space at the free extremity of the radius vector is referred to that
fixed plane and fixed line, and a fixed point in that line, the pole
of the radius vector. Cartesian coördinates. See under Cartesian.
 -- Geographical coördinates, the latitude and longitude of a place,
by which its relative situation on the globe is known. The height of
the above the sea level constitutes a third coördinate.
 -- Polar coördinates, coördinates made up of a radius vector and its
angle of inclination to another line, or a line and plane; as those
defined in (b) and (d) above.
 -- Rectangular coördinates, coördinates the axes of which intersect
at right angles.
 -- Rectilinear coördinates, coördinates made up of right lines.
Those defined in (a) and (c) above are called also Cartesian
coördinates.
 -- Trigonometrical or Spherical coördinates, elements of reference,
by means of which the position of a point on the surface of a sphere
may be determined with respect to two great circles of the sphere.
 -- Trilinear coördinates, coördinates of a point in a plane,
consisting of the three ratios which the three distances of the point
from three fixed lines have one to another.

COORDINATELY
Co*ör"di*nate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a coördinate manner.

COORDINATENESS
Co*ör"di*nate*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being coördinate; equality of rank or authority.

COORDINATION
Co*ör`di*na"tion, n.

1. The act of coördinating; the act of putting in the same order,
class, rank, dignity, etc.; as, the coördination of the executive,
the legislative, and the judicial authority in forming a government;
the act of regulating and combining so as to produce harmonious
results; harmonious adjustment; as, a coördination of functions.
"Coördination of muscular movement by the cerebellum." Carpenter.

2. The state of being coördinate, or of equal rank, dignity, power,
etc.
In this high court of parliament, there is a rare coördination of
power. Howell.

COORDINATIVE
Co*ör"di*na*tive, a. (Gram.)

Defn: Expressing coördination. J. W. Gibbs.

COOT
Coot, n. Etym: [Cf. D. koet, W. cwtair; cwta short, bodtailed + iar
hen; cf. cwtau ro dock. Cf. Cut.]

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) A wading bird with lobate toes, of the genus Fulica. The common
European or bald coot is F. atra (see under bald); the American is F.
Americana.
(b) The surf duck or scoter. In the United States all the species of
(Edemia are called coots. See Scoter. "As simple as a coot."
Halliwell.

2. A stupid fellow; a simpleton; as, a silly coot. [Colloq.]

COOTER
Coot"er, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A fresh-water tortoise (Pseudemus concinna) of Florida.
(b) The box tortoise.

COOTFOOT
Coot`foot, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pharalope; -- so called because its toes are like the
coot's.

COOTHAY
Coo*thay", n.

Defn: A striped satin made in India. McElrath.

COP
Cop, n. Etym: [AS. cop; cf. G. kopf head. Cf. Cup, Cob.]

1. The top of a thing; the head; a crest. [Obs.]
Cop they used to call The tops of many hills. Dra

2. A conical or conical-ended mass of coiled thread, yarn, or roving,
wound upon a spindle, etc.

3. A tube or quill upon which silk is wound.

4. (Mil. Arch.)

Defn: same as Merlon.

5. A policeman. [Slang] Cop waste, a kind of cotton waste, composed
chiefly

COPAIBA; COPAIVA
Co*pai"ba, Co*pai"va, n. Etym: [Sp. & Pg., fr. Brazil. cupaúba.]
(Med.)

Defn: A more or less viscid, vellowish liquid, the bitter oleoresin
of several species of Copaifera, a genus of trees growing in South
America and the West Indies. It is stimulant and diuretic, and is
much used in affections of the mucous membranes; -- called also
balsam of copaiba. [Written also capivi.]

COPAL
Co"pal, Etym: [Sp., fr. Mexican copalli, Clavigero.]

Defn: A resinous substance flowing spontaneously from trees of
Zanzibar, Madagascar, and South America (Trachylobium Hornemannianum,
T. verrocosum, and Hymenæa Courbaril), and dug from earth where
forests have stood in Africa; -- used chiefly in making varnishes. Ur

COPALM
Co"palm`, n.

Defn: The yellowish, fragrant balsam yielded by the sweet gum; also,
the tree itself.

COPARCENARY
Co*par"ce*na*ry, n.; pl. Coparcenaries. Etym: [Pref. co- + parcenary]
(Law)

Defn: Partnership in inheritance; joint heirship; joint right of
sucession to an inheritance.

COPARCENER
Co*par"ce*ner, n. Etym: [Pref. co- + parcener.] (Law)

Defn: One who has an equal portion with others of an inheritance.
All the coparceners together make but one heir, and have but one
estate among them. blackstone.

COPARCENY
Co*par"ce*ny, n. Etym: [Abbrev. of Coparcenary.] (Law)

Defn: An equal share of an inheritance.

COPART
Co*part, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Compart]

Defn: To share. [Obs.]
For, of all miserias, I hold that chief Wretched to be, when none
coparts our grief. Webster (1661).

COPARTMENT
Co*part"ment, n.

Defn: A compartment. [Obs.] T. Warton.

COPARTNER
Co*part"ner, n.

Defn: One who is jointly concerned with one or more persons in
business, etc.; a partner; an associate; a partaker; a sharer.
the associates and copartners of our loss. Milton.

COPARTNERSHIP
Co*part"ner*ship, n.

1. The state of being a copartner or of having a joint interest in
any matter.

2. A partnership or firm; as, A. and B. have this day formed a
copartnership.

COPARTNERY
Co*part"ner*y, n.; pl. Copartneries (.

Defn: the state of being copartners in any undertaking. [R.]

COPATAIN
Cop"a*tain, a. Etym: [Formed fr. cop, in imitation of captain. See
Cop, Captain.]

Defn: Having a high crown, or a point or peak at top. [Obs.]
A copatain hat made on a Flemish block. Gascoigne.

COPATRIOT
Co*pa"tri*ot, n.

Defn: A joint patriot.

COPE
Cope, n. Etym: [A doublet of cape. See Cape, Cap.]

1. A covering for the head. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. Anything regarded as extended over the head, as the arch or
concave of the sky, the roof of a house, the arch over a door. "The
starry cope of heaven." Milton.

3. An ecclesiastical vestment or cloak, semicircular in form,
reaching from the shoulders nearly to the feet, and open in front
except at the top, whereit is united by a band or clasp. It is worn
in processions and on some other occasions. Piers plowman.
A hundred and sixty priests all in their copes. Bp. Burnet.

4. An ancient tribute due to the lord of the soil, out of the lead
mines in derbyshire, England.

5. (Founding)

Defn: The top part of a flask or mold; the outer part of a loam mold.
Knight. De Colange.

COPE
Cope, v. i.

Defn: To form a cope or arch; to bend or arch; to bow. [Obs.]
Some bending down and coping to ward the earth. Holland.

COPE
Cope, v. t. (Falconry)

Defn: To pare the beak or talons of (a hawk). J. H. Walsh.

COPE
Cope, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Coped; p.pr. & vb.n. Coping.] Etym: [OE.
copen, coupen, to buy, bargain, prob. from D. koopen to buy, orig.,
to bargain. See Chear.]

1. To exchange or barter. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To encounter; to meet; to have to do with.
Horatio, thou art e'en as just a man As e'er my conversation coped
withal. Shak.

3. To enter into or maintain a hostile contest; to struggle; to
combat; especially, to strive or contend on equal terms or with
success; to match; to equal; -- usually followed by with.
Host coped with host, dire was the din of war. Philips.
Their generals have not been able to cope with the troops of Athens.
Addison.

COPE
Cope, v. t.

1. To bargain for; to buy. [Obs.]

2. To make return for; to requite; to repay. [Obs.]
three thousand ducats due unto the Jew, We freely cope your courteous
pains withal. Shak.

3. To match one's self against; to meet; to encounter.
I love to cope him in these sullen fits. Shak.
They say he yesterday coped Hector in the battle, and struck him
down. Shak.

COPE-CHISEL
Cope"-chis`el, n.

Defn: A narrow chisel adapted for cutting a groove. Knight.

COPECK
Co"peck, n. Etym: [Russ. kopeika]

Defn: A Russian copper coin. See Kopeck.

COPED
Coped, a.

Defn: Clad in a cope.

COPELATA
Cop`e*la"ta, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Larvalla.

COPEMAN
Cope"man, n. Etym: [D. koopman, fr. koopen to buy. See Cope, v. i.
Chapman.]

Defn: A chapman; a dealer; a merchant. [Obs.]
He would have sold his part of paradise For ready money, had he met a
copeman. B. Jonson.

COPENHAGEN
Co`pen*ha"gen, n. [From Copenhagen, Denmark.]

1.

Defn: A sweetened hot drink of spirit and beaten eggs.

2.  A children's game in which one player is inclosed by a circle of
others holding a rope.

COPEPOD
Cop"e*pod, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Copepoda.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Copepoda.

COPEPODA
Co*pep"o*da, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Entomastraca, including many minute Crustacea, both
freshwater and marine.

Note: They have a distinct carapace. The eggs are carried in a pair
of external pouches. Some are parasites of fishes.

COPERNICAN
Co*per"ni*can, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Copernicus, a Prussian by birth (b. 1473, d.
1543), who taught the world the solar system now received, called the
Copernican system.

COPESMATE
Copes"mate`, n.

Defn: An associate or companion; a friend; a partner. [Obs.]
Misshapen time, copesmate of ugly Night. Shak.

COPESTONE
Cope"stone`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A stone for coping. See Coping.

COPIER
Cop"i*er, n. Etym: [From. Copy.]

1. One who copies; one who writes or transcribes from an original; a
transcriber.

2. An imitator; one who imitates an example; hence, a plagiarist.

COPING
Cop"ing, n. Etym: [See Cope, n.] (Arch.)

Defn: The highest or covering course of masonry in a wall, often with
sloping edges to carry off water; -- sometimes called capping. Gwill.

COPIOUS
Co"pi*ous, a. Etym: [L. copiosus, fr. copia abundance: cf. F.
copieux. See Copy, Opulent.]

Defn: Large in quantity or amount; plentiful; abundant; fruitful.
Kindly pours its copious treasures forth. Thomson.
Hail, Son of God, Savior of men! thy name Shall be the copious matter
of my song. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Ample; abundant; plentiful; plenteous; rich; full; exuberant;
overflowing; full. See Ample.

COPIOUSLY
Co"pi*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a copious manner.

COPIOUSNESS
Co"pi*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being copious; abudance; plenty; also,
diffuseness in style.
To imitatethe copiousness of Homer. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Abudance; plenty; richness; exuberance.

COPIST
Cop"ist, n. Etym: [F. copiste. See Copy.]

Defn: A copier. [Obs.] "A copist after nature." Shaftesbury.

COPLANAR
Co*plan"ar, a. Etym: [Pref. co- + plane.] (Math.)

Defn: Situated in one plane.

COPLAND
Cop"land`, n. Etym: [Cop + land.]

Defn: A piece of ground terminating in a point or acute angle. [Obs.]

COPORTION
Co*por"tion, n.

Defn: Equal share. [Obs.]
Myself will bear . . . coportion of your pack. Spenser.

COPPED
Copped, a. Etym: [From Cop.]

Defn: Rising to a point or head; conical; pointed; crested. Wiseman.

COPPEL
Cop"pel, n. & v.

Defn: See Cupel.

COPPER
Cop"per, n. Etym: [OE. coper (cf. D. koper, Sw. koppar, Dan. kobber,
G. kupfer), LL. cuper, fr. L. cuprum for earlier Cyprium, Cyprium
aes, i.e., Cyprian brass, fr. Gr. Cypreous.]

1. A common metal of a reddish color, both ductile and malleable, and
very tenacious. It is one of the best conductors of heat and
electricity. Symbol Cu. Atomic weight 63.3. It is one of the most
useful metals in itself, and also in its alloys, brass and bronze.

Note: Copper is the only metal which occurs native abundantly in
large masses; it is found also in various ores, of which the most
important are chalcopyrite, chalcocite, cuprite, and malachite.
Copper mixed with tin forms bell metal; with a smaller proportion,
bronze; and with zinc, it forms brass, pinchbeck, and other alloys.

2. A coin made of copper; a penny, cent, or other minor coin of
copper. [Colloq.]
My friends filled my pockets with coppers. Franklin.

3. A vessel, especially a large boiler, made of copper.

4. pl. Specifically (Naut.),

Defn: the boilers in the galley for cooking; as, a ship's coppers.

Note: Copper is often used adjectively, commonly in the sense of made
or consisting of copper, or resembling copper; as, a copper boiler,
tube, etc.
All in a hot and copper sky. Coleridge.

Note: It is sometimes written in combination; as, copperplate,
coppersmith, copper-colored. Copper finch. (Zoöl.) See Chaffinch.
 -- Copper glance, or Vitreous copper. (Min.) See Chalcocite.
 -- Indigo copper. (Min.) See Covelline.

COPPER
Cop"per, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Coppered; p.pr. & vb.n. Coppering.]

Defn: To cover or coat with copper; to sheathe with sheets of copper;
as, to copper a ship.

COPPERAS
Cop"per*as, n. Etym: [OE. coperose, F. couperose, fr. (assumed) L.
cuprirosa, equiv. to G. cha`lkanqos, i. e. copper flower, vitriol.
See Copper and Rose.]

Defn: Green vitriol, or sulphate of iron; a green crystalline
substance, of an astringent taste, used in making ink, in dyeing
black, as a tonic in medicine, etc. It is made on a large scale by
the oxidation of iron pyrites. Called also ferrous sulphate.

Note: The term copperas was formerly synonymous with vitriol, and
included the green, blue, and white vitriols, or the sulphates of
iron, copper, and zinc.

COPPER-BOTTOMED
Cop"per-bot`tomed, a.

Defn: Having a bottom made of copper, as a tin boiler or other
vessel, or sheathed with copper, as a ship.

COPPER-FACED
Cop"per-faced`, a.

Defn: Faced or covered with copper; as, copper-faced type.

COPPER-FASTENED
Cop"per-fas`tened, a.

Defn: Fastened with copper bolts, as the planks of ships, etc.; as, a
copper-fastened ship.

COPPERHEAD
Cop"per*head`, n. Etym: [From its color.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A poisonous American serpent (Ancistrodon conotortrix), closely
allied to the rattlesnake, but without rattles; -- called also
copper-belly, and red viper.

2. A nickname applied to a person in the Northern States who
sympathized with the South during the Civil War. [U.S.]

COPPERING
Cop"per*ing, n.

1. The act of covering with copper.

2. An envelope or covering of copper.

COPPERISH
Cop"per*ish, a.

Defn: Containing, or partaking of the nature of, copper; like copper;
as, a copperish taste.

COPPER-NICKEL
Cop"per-nick`el, n. (Min.)

Defn: Nicolite.

COPPER-NOSE
Cop"per-nose, n.

Defn: A red nose. Shak.

COPPERPLATE
Cop"per*plate, n.
(a) A plate of polished copper on which a design or writing is
engraved.
(b) An impression on paper taken from such a plate.

Note: In printing from a copper- or steel plate the lines are filled
with ink, the surface of the plate is wiped clean, the paper laid
upon it, and the impression taken by pressing it under the roller of
a plate press. Copperplate press. See Plate press, under Plate.

COPPERSMITH
Cop"per*smith, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to manufacture copper utensils; a
worker in copper.

COPPER WORKS
Cop"per works.

Defn: A place where copper is wrought or manufactured. Woodward.

COPPERWORM
Cop"per*worm, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The teredo; -- so called because it injures the bottoms of
vessels, where not protected by copper.
(b) The ringworm.

COPPERY
Cop"per*y, a.

Defn: Mixed with copper; containing copper, or made of copper; like
copper.

COPPICE
Cop"pice, n. Etym: [OF. copeiz, fr. coper, couper, to cut, F. couper,
fr. cop, coup, colp, a blow, F. coup, L. colaphus, fr. G. Copse, and
cf. Coup, Coupee.]

Defn: A grove of small growth; a thicket of brushwood; a wood cut at
certain times for fuel or other purposes. See Copse.
The rate of coppice lands will fall, upon the discovery of coal
mines. Locke.

COPPIN
Cop"pin, n.Etym: [See Cop.]

Defn: A cop of thread.

COPPLE
Cop"ple, n. Etym: [A dim. of Cop.]

Defn: Something rising in a conical shape; specifically, a hill
rising to a point.
A low cape, and upon it a copple not very high. Hakluyt.

COPPLE-CROWN
Cop"ple-crown, n.

Defn: A created or high-topped crown or head. "Like the copple-crown
the lapwing has." T. Randolph.
 -- Cop"ple-crowned`, a.

COPPLED
Cop"pled, a. Etym: [From Copple.]

Defn: Rising to a point; conical; copped. [Obs.] Woodward.

COPPLE DUST
Cop"ple dust`.

Defn: Cupel dust. [Obs.]
Powder of steel, or copple dust. Bacon.

COPPLESTONE
Cop"ple*stone`, n.

Defn: A cobblestone. [Obs.]

COPPS
Copps, n.

Defn: See Copse. [Obs.]

COPRA
Co"pra, n. Etym: [Malayálam koppara or Hind. khopra.] (Com.)

Defn: The dried meat of the cocoanut, from which cocoanut oil is
expressed. [Written also cobra, copperah, coppra.]

COPROLITE
Cop"ro*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. ko`pros dung + -lite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A piece of petrified dung; a fossil excrement.

COPROLITIC
Cop`ro*lit"ic, a.

Defn: Containing, pertaining to, or of the nature of, coprolites.

COPROPHAGAN
Co*proph"a*gan, n. Etym: [See Coprophagous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of beetle which feeds upon dung.

COPROPHAGOUS
Co*proph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feeding upon dung, as certain insects.

COP-ROSE
Cop-rose`, n. Etym: [F. coprose, of uncertain origin; cf. D.
klaproos, klapperroos.]

Defn: The red, or corn, poppy. [Written also cup-rose.]

COPS
Cops, n. Etym: [AS. cops, cosp, fetter.]

Defn: The connecting crook of a harrow. [Prov. Eng.]

COPSE
Copse, n. Etym: [Contr. from coppice.]

Defn: A wood of small growth; a thicket of brushwood. See Coppice.
Near yonder copse where once the garden smiled. Goldsmith.

COPSE
Copse, v. t.

1. To trim or cut; -- said of small trees, brushwood, tufts of grass,
etc. Halliwell.

2. To plant and preserve, as a copse. Swift.

COPSEWOOD
Copse"wood, n.

Defn: Brushwood; coppice. Macaulay.

COPSY
Cops"y, a.

Defn: Characterized by copses. "Copsy villages." "Copsy banks." J.
Dyer.

COPTIC
Cop"tic, a. Etym: [Abbrev. from L. Aegyptius an Egyprian, Gr. kibti,
pl. kibt.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Copts.
 -- n.

Defn: The language of the Copts.

COPTIC CHURCH
Coptic Church.

Defn: The native church of Egypt or church of Alexandria, which in
general organization and doctrines resembles the Roman Catholic
Church, except that it holds to the Monophysitic doctrine which was
condemned (a. d. 451) by the council of Chalcedon, and allows its
priests to marry. The "pope and patriarch" has jurisdiction over the
Abyssinian Church. Since the 7th century the Coptic Church has been
so isolated from modifying influences that in many respects it is the
most ancient monument of primitive Christian rites and ceremonies.
But centuries of subjection to Moslem rule have weakened and degraded
it.

COPTS
Copts, n. pl.; sing. Copt. Etym: [See Coptic.] (Etnol.)

1. An Egyptian race thought to be descendants of the ancient
Egyptians.

2. The principal sect of Christians in Egypt and the valley of the
Nile.

Note: they belong to the Jacobite sect of Monophysite Christians, and
for eleven centuries have had possession of the patriarchal chair of
Alexandria.

COPULA
Cop"u*la, n. Etym: [L., bond, band. See Couple.]

1. (Logic & Gram.)

Defn: The word which unites the subject and predicate.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The stop which connects the manuals, or the manuals with the
pedals; -- called also coupler.

COPULATE
Cop"u*late, a. Etym: [L. copulatus, p.p. of copulare to couple, fr.
copula. See Copula.]

1. Joined; associated; coupled. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Joining subject and predicate; copulative. F. A. March.

COPULATE
Cop"u*late, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Copulated; p.pr. & vb.n. Copulating.]

Defn: To unite in sexual intercourse; to come together in the act of
generation.

COPULATION
Cop`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. copulatio: cf. F. copulation.]

1. The act of coupling or joining; union; conjunction.
Wit, you know, is the unexpected copulation of ideas. Johnson.

2. The coming together of male and female in the act of generation;
sexual union; coition.

COPULATIVE
Cop"u*la"tive, a. Etym: [L. copulativus: cf. F. copulatif.]

Defn: Serving to couple, unite, or connect; as, a copulative
conjunction like "and".

COPULATIVE
Cop"u*la*tive, n.

1. Connection. [Obs.] Rycaut.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A copulative conjunction.

COPULATIVELY
Cop"u*la"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a copulative manner.

COPULATORY
Cop"u*la*tory, a.

1. Pertaining to copulation; tending or serving to unite; copulative.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Used in sexual union; as, the copulatory organs of insects.

COPY
Cop"y, n.; pl. Copies. Etym: [F. copie, fr. L. copia abundance,
number, LL. also, a transcript; co- + the root of opes riches. See
Opulent, and cf. Copious.]

1. An abundance or plenty of anything. [Obs.]
She was blessed with no more copy of wit, but to serve his humor
thus. B. Jonson.

2. An imitation, transcript, or reproduction of an original work; as,
a copy of a letter, an engraving, a painting, or a statue.
I have not the vanity to think my copy equal to the original. Denham.

3. An individual book, or a single set of books containing the works
of an author; as, a copy of the Bible; a copy of the works of
Addison.

4. That which is to be imitated, transcribed, or reproduced; a
pattern, model, or example; as, his virtues are an excellent copy for
imitation.
Let him first learn to write, after a copy, all the letters. Holder.

5. (print.)

Defn: Manuscript or printed matter to be set up in type; as, the
printers are calling for more copy.

6. A writing paper Bastard. See under Paper.

7. Copyhold; tenure; lease. [Obs.] Shak. Copy book, a book in which
copies are written or printed for learners to imitate.
 -- Examined copies (Law), those which have been compared with the
originals.
 -- Exemplified copies, those which are attested under seal of a
court.
 -- Certified or Office copies, those which are made or attested by
officers having charge of the originals, and authorized to give
copies officially. Abbot.

Syn.
 -- Imitation; transcript; duplicate; counterfeit.

COPY
Cop"y, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Copied; p.pr. & vb.n. Copying.] Etym: [Cf.
F. copir, fr. LL. copiare. See Copy, n.]

1. To make a copy or copies of; to write; print, engrave, or paint
after an original; to duplicate; to reproduce; to transcribe; as, to
copy a manuscript, inscription, design, painting, etc.; -- often with
out, sometimes with off.
I like the work well; ere it be demanded (As like enough it will),
I'd have it copied. Shak.
Let this be copied out, And keep it safe for our remembrance. Shak.

2. To imitate; to attempt to resemble, as in manners or course of
life.
We copy instinctively the voices of our companions, their accents,
and their modes of pronunciation. Stewart.

COPY
Cop"y, v. i.

1. To make a copy or copies; to imitate.

2. To yield a duplicate or transcript; as, the letter did not copy
well.
Some . . . never fail, when they copy, to follow the bad as well as
the good things. Dryden.

COPYER
Cop"y*er, n.

Defn: See Copier.

COPYGRAPH
Cop"y*graph, n.

Defn: A contrivance for producing manifold copies of a writing or
drawing.

Note: The writing or drawing is made with aniline ink on paper, and a
reverse copy transferred by pressure to a slab of gelatin softened
with glycerin. A large number of transcripts can be taken while the
ink is fresh.
Various names have been given to the process [the gelatin copying
process], some of them acceptable and others absurd; hectograph,
polygraph, copygraph, lithogram, etc. Knight.

COPYHOLD
Cop"y*hold`, n. (Eng. Law)
(a) A tenure of estate by copy of court roll; or a tenure for which
the tenant has nothing to show, except the rolls made by the steward
of the lord's court. Blackstone.
(b) Land held in copyhold. Milton.

Note: Copyholds do not exist in the United States.

COPYHOLDER
Cop"y*hold`er, n.

1. (Eng. Law)

Defn: One possessed of land in copyhold.

2. (print.)
(a) A device for holding copy for a compositor.
(b) One who reads copy to a proof reader.

COPYING
Cop"y*ing, a. & n.

Defn: From Copy, v. Copying ink. See under Ink.
 -- Copying paper, thin unsized paper used for taking copies of
letters, etc., in a copying press.
 -- Copying press, a machine for taking by pressure, an exact copy of
letters, etc., written in copying ink.

COPYIST
Cop"y*ist, n.

Defn: A copier; a transcriber; an imitator; a plagiarist.

COPYRIGHT
Cop"y*right, n.

Defn: The right of an author or his assignee, under statute, to print
and publish his literary or artistic work, exclusively of all other
persons. This right may be had in maps, charts, engravings, plays,
and musical compositions, as well as in books.

Note: In the United States a copyright runs for the term of twenty-
eight years, with right of renewal for fourteen years on certain
conditions. International copyright, an author's right in his
productions as secured by treaty between nations.

COPYRIGHT
Cop"y*right`, v. t.

Defn: To secure a copyright on.

COQUE
Coque, n. [F., prop., a shell.]

Defn: A small loop or bow of ribbon used in making hats, boas, etc.

COQUELICOT
Coque"li*cot`, n. Etym: [F.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The wild poppy, or red corn rose.

2. The color of the wild poppy; a color nearly red, like orange mixed
with scarlet.

COQUET
Co*quet", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Coquetted; p.pr. & vb.n. Coquetting.]

Defn: To attempt to attract the notice, admiration, or love of; to
treat with a show of tenderness or regard, with a view to deceive and
disappoint.
You are coquetting a maid of honor. Swift.

COQUET
Co*quet", v. i.

Defn: To trifle in love; to stimulate affection or interest; to play
the coquette; to deal playfully instead of seriously; to play (with);
as, we have coquetted with political crime.

COQUETRY
Co*quet"ry, n.; pl. Coquetries. Etym: [F. coquetterie.]

Defn: Attempts to attract admoration, notice, or love, for the mere
gratification of vanity; trifling in love. "Little affectations of
coquetry." Addison.

COQUETTE
Co*quette", n. Etym: [F., fr. coquet, coquette, coquettish, orig.,
cocklike, strutting like a cock, fr. coq a cock. Cf. Cock, Cocket,
Cocky, Cockade.]

1. A vain, trifling woman, who endeavors to attract admiration from a
desire to grafity vanity; a flirt; -- formerly sometimes applied also
to men.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tropical humming bird of the genus Lophornis, with very
elegant neck plumes. Several species are known. See Illustration
under Spangle, v. t.

COQUETTISH
Co*quet"tish, a.

Defn: Practicing or exhibiting coquetry; alluring; enticing.
A pretty, coquettish housemaid. W. Irving.

COQUETTISHLY
Co*quet"tish*ly, adv.

Defn: In a coquettish manner.

COQUILLA NUT
Co*quil"la nut. Etym: [Pg. coquilho, Sp. coquillo, dim. of coco a
cocoanut.] (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of a Brazilian tree (Attalea funifera of Martius.).

Note: Its shell is hazel-brown in color, very hard and close in
texture, and much used by turners in forming ornamental articles,
such as knobs for umbrella handles.

COQUILLE
Co*quille" (ko*kel"; F. ko`ke"y'), n. [F.] Lit., a shell; hence:
 (a) A shell or shell-like dish or mold in which viands are served.
 (b) The expansion of the guard of a sword, dagger, etc.
 (c) A form of ruching used as a dress trimming or for neckwear, and
named from the manner in which it is gathered or fulled.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]

COQUIMBITE
Co*quim"bite, n.

Defn: A mineral consisting principally of sulphate of iron; white
copperas; -- so called because found in the province of Coquimbo,
Chili.

COQUINA
Co*qui"na, n. Etym: [Sp., shellfish, cockle.]

Defn: A soft, whitish, coral-like stone, formed of broken shells and
corals, found in the southern United States, and used for roadbeds
and for building material, as in the fort at St. Augustine, Florida.

COR-
Cor-.

Defn: A prefix signifying with, together, etc. See Com-.

COR
Cor, n. Etym: [Heb. k.]

Defn: A Hebrew measure of capacity; a homer. [Written also core.]

CORA
Co"ra, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Arabian gazelle (Gazella Arabica), found from persia to
North Africa.

CORACLE
Cor"a*cle, n. Etym: [W. corwgl, cwrwgl, fr. corwg, cwrwg, any round
body or vessel, the trunk of the body, carcass.]

Defn: A boat made by covering a wicker frame with leather or
oilcloth. It was used by the ancient Britons, and is still used by
fisherman in Wales and some parts of Ireland. Also, a similar boat
used in Thibet and in Egypt.

CORACOID
Cor"a*coid, a.Etym: [Gr. ko`rax crow + e'i^dos form.]

1. Shaped like a crow's beak.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to a bone of the shoulder girdle in most birds,
reptiles, and amphibians, which is reduced to a process of the
scapula in most mammals.

CORACOID
Cor"a*coid, n.

Defn: The coracoid bone or process.

CORAGE
Cor"age (; OF. , n.

Defn: See Courage [Obs.]
To Canterbury with full devout corage. Chaucer.

CORAH
Co"rah, n. [Hind. kora virgin, plain.]

Defn: Plain; undyed; -- applied to Indian silk. -- n.

Defn: Corah silk.

CORAL
Cor"al, n. Etym: [Of. coral, F, corail, L. corallum, coralium, fr.
Gr. kora`llion.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hard parts or skeleton of various Anthozoa, and of a few
Hydrozoa. Similar structures are also formed by some Bryozoa.

Note: The large stony corals forming coral reefs belong to various
genera of Madreporaria, and to the hydroid genus, Millepora. The red
coral, used in jewelry, is the stony axis of the stem of a gorgonian
(Corallium rubrum) found chiefly in the Mediterranean. The fan
corals, plume corals, and sea feathers are species of Gorgoniacea, in
which the axis is horny. Organ-pipe coral is formed by the genus
Tubipora, an Alcyonarian, and black coral is in part the axis of
species of the genus Antipathes. See Anthozoa, Madrepora.

2. The ovaries of a cooked lobster; -- so called from their color.

3. A piece of coral, usually fitted with small bells and other
appurtenances, used by children as a plaything. Brain coral, or Brain
stone coral. See under Brain.
 -- Chain coral. See under Chain.
 -- Coral animal (Zoöl.), one of the polyps by which corals are
formed. They are often very erroneously called coral insects.
 -- Coral fish. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Coral reefs (Phys. Geog.), reefs, often of great extent, made up
chiefly of fragments of corals, coral sands, and the solid limestone
resulting from their consolidation. They are classed as fringing
reefs, when they border the land; barrier reefs, when separated from
the shore by a broad belt of water; atolls, when they constitute
separate islands, usually inclosing a lagoon. See Atoll.
 -- Coral root (Bot.), a genus (Corallorhiza) of orchideous plants,
of a yellowish or brownish red color, parasitic on roots of other
plants, and having curious jointed or knotted roots not unlike some
kinds of coral. See Illust. under Coralloid.
 -- Coral snake. (Zo) (a) A small, venomous, Brazilian snake (Elaps
corallinus), coral-red, with black bands. (b) A small, harmless,
South American snake (Tortrix scytale).
 -- Coral tree (Bot.), a tropical, leguminous plant, of several
species, with showy, scarlet blossoms and coral-red seeds. The best
known is Erythrina Corallodendron.
 -- Coral wood, a hard, red cabinet wood. McElrath.

CORALED
Cor"aled, a.

Defn: Having coral; covered with coral.

CORAL FISH
Cor"al fish`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bright-colored fish of the genera Chætodon, Pomacentrus,
Apogon, and related genera, which live among reef corals.

CORALLACEOUS
Cor`al*la"ceous, a.

Defn: Like coral, or partaking of its qualities.

CORALLIAN
Co*ral"li*an, n. (Geol.)

Defn: A deposit of coralliferous limestone forming a portion of the
middle division of the oölite; -- called also coral-rag.

CORALLIFEROUS
Cor`al*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. corallum coral + -ferous.]

Defn: Containing or producing coral.

CORALLIFORM
Cor"al*li*form, a. Etym: [L. corallum coral + -form.]

Defn: resembling coral in form.

CORALLIGENA
Cor`al*lig"e*na, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. corallum coral + root of
gignere to produce.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Anthozoa.

CORALLIGENOUS
Cor`al*lig"e*nous, a.

Defn: producing coral; coraligerous; coralliferous. Humble.

CORALLIGEROUS
Cor`al*lig"er*ous, a Etym: [L. corallum coral + -gerous.]

Defn: Producing coral; coraliferous.

CORALLIN
Cor"al*lin, n. Etym: [So named in allusion to the color of red
corallin, fr. L. corallum coral.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow coal-tar dyestuff which probably consists chiefly of
rosolic acid. See Aurin, and Rosolic acid under Rosolic. Red
corallin, a red dyestuff which is obtained by treating aurin or
rosolic acid with ammonia; -- called also pæonin.
 -- Yellow corallin. See Aurin.

CORALLINE
Cor"al*line ( or ), a. Etym: [Cf. L. corallinus coralred.]

Defn: Composed of corallines; as, coralline limestone.

CORALLINE
Cor"al*line, n. Etym: [Cf. F. coralline.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A submarine, semicalcareous or calcareous plant, consisting of
many jointed branches.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Formerly any slender coral-like animal; -- sometimes applied
more particulary to bryozoan corals.

CORALLINITE
Cor"al*lin*ite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil coralline.

CORALLITE
Cor"al*lite, n. Etym: [L. corallum coral.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral substance or petrifaction, in the form of coral.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the individual members of a compound coral; or that part
formed by a single coral animal. [Written also corallet.]

CORALLOID
Cor"al*loid, a. Etym: [L. corallum coral + -oid: cf. F. coralloïde.]

Defn: Having the form of coral; branching like coral.

CORALLOIDAL
Cor`al*loid"al, a.

Defn: resembling coral; coralloid. Sir T. browne.

CORALLUM
Co*ral"lum, n. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The coral or skeleton of a zoöphyte, whether calcareous of
horny, simple or compound. See Coral.

CORAL-RAG
Cor"al-rag`, n. (geol.)

Defn: Same as Corallian.

CORALWORT
Cor"al*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A cruciferous herb of certain species of Dentaria; -- called
also toothwort, tooth violet, or pepper root.

CORANACH
Cor"a*nach, n. Etym: [Gael. coranach, or corranach, a crying, the
Irish funeral cry (the keen), a dirge; comh with + ranaich a roaring,
ran to roar, shriek.]

Defn: A lamentation for the dead; a dirge. [Written also coranich,
corrinoch, coronach, cronach, etc.] [Scot.]

CORANT; CORANTO
Co*rant, Co*ran"to, n. Etym: [See Courant.]

Defn: A sprightly but somewhat stately dance, now out of fashion.
It is harder to dance a corant well, than a jig. Sir W. temple.
Dancing a coranto with him upon the heath. Macaulay.

CORB
Corb, n. Etym: [L. corbis basket. Cf. Corbeil, Corp.]

1. A basket used in coal mines, etc. see Corf.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornament in a building; a corbel.

CORBAN
Cor"ban, n. Etym: [Heb. qorban, akin to Ar. qurban.]

1. (Jewish Antiq.) An offering of any kind, devoted to God and
therefore not be appropriated to any other use; esp., an offering in
fulfillment of a vow.

Note: In the old Testament the hebrew word is usually translated
"oblation" as in Numb. xviii. 9, xxxi. 50.

Note: The traditionists laid down that a man might interdict himself
by vow, not only from using for himself, but from giving to another,
or receiving from him, some particular object, whether of food or any
other kind. A person might thus exempt himself from assisting parents
in distress, under plea of corban. Dr. W. Smith.

2. An alms basket; a vessel to receive gifts of charity; a treasury
of the church, where offerings are deposited.

CORBE
Corbe, a. Etym: [OF. corbe, fr. L. curvus. See Cuve.]

Defn: Crooked. [Obs.] "Corbe shoulder." Spenser.

CORBEIL
Cor"beil, n. Etym: [F. corbeile, fr. L. corbicula a little basket,
dim. of corbis basket. Cf. Corbel, Corb, Corvette.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A sculptured basket of flowers; a corbel. [Obs.]

2. pl. (Fort.)

Defn: Small gabions. Brande & C.

CORBEL
Cor"bel, n. Etym: [F. corbeau, for older corbel, dim. of L. corbis
basket. (Corbels were often in the form of a basket.) See Corbeil.]
(Arch.)

Defn: A bracket supporting a superincumbent object, or receiving the
spring of an arch. Corbels were employed largely in Gothic
architecture.

Note: A common form of corbel consists of courses of stones or
bricks, each projecting slightly beyond the next below it.

CORBEL
Cor"bel, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with a corbel or corbels; to support by a corbel; to
make in the form of a corbel. To corbel out, to furnish with a corbel
of courses, each projecting beyond the one next below it.

CORBELING; CORBELLING
Cor"bel*ing, Cor"bel*ling, n.

Defn: Corbel work or the construction of corbels; a series of corbels
or piece of continuous corbeled masonry, sometimes of decorative
purpose, as in the stalactite ornament of the Moslems.

CORBEL-TABLE
Cor"bel-ta`ble, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A horizontal row of corbels, with the panels or filling between
them; also, less properly used to include the stringcourse on them.

CORBIE; CORBY
Cor"bie or Cor"by, n.; pl. Corbies. Etym: [F. corbeau, OF. corbel,
dim. fr. L. corvus raven.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The raven. [Scot.]

2. (her.)

Defn: A raven, crow, or chough, used as a charge. Corbie crow, the
carrion crow. [Scot.]

CORBIESTEP
Cor"bie*step`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: One of the steps in which a gable wall is often finished in
place of a continuous slope; -- also called crowstep.

CORCHORUS
Cor"cho*rus, n. Etym: [Nl., fr. L. corchorus a poor kind of pulse,
Gr. ko`rchoros a wild plant of bitter taste.] (Bot.)

Defn: The common name of the kerria Japonica or Japan globeflower, a
yellow-flowered, perennial, rosaceous plant, seen in old-fashioned
gardens.

CORCLE; CORCULE
Cor"cle, Cor"cule, n. Etym: [L. corculum a little heart, dim. of cor
heart.] (Bot.)

Defn: The heart of the seed; the embryo or germ. [Obs.]

CORD
Cord, n. Etym: [F. corde, L. chorda catgut, chord, cord, fr. Gr.
haruspex soothsayer (inspector of entrails), Icel. görn, pl. garnir
gut, and E. yarn. Cf. Chord, Yarn.]

1. A string, or small rope, composed of several strands twisted
together.

2. A solid measure, equivalent to 128 cubic feet; a pile of wood, or
other coarse material, eight feet long, four feet high, and four feet
broad; -- originally measured with a cord or line.

3. Fig.: Any moral influence by which persons are caught, held, or
drawn, as if by a cord; an enticement; as, the cords of the wicked;
the cords of sin; the cords of vanity.
The knots that tangle human creeds, The wounding cords that bind and
strain The heart until it bleeds. Tennyson.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: Any structure having the appearance of a cord, esp. a tendon or
a nerve. See under Spermatic, Spinal, Umbilical, Vocal.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: See Chord. [Obs.] Cord wood, wood for fuel cut to the length of
four feet (when of full measure).

CORD
Cord (krd), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Corded; p. pr. & vb. n. Cording.]

1. To bind with a cord; to fasten with cords; to connect with cords;
to ornament or finish with a cord or cords, as a garment.

2. To arrange (wood, etc.) in a pile for measurement by the cord.

CORDAGE
Cord"age (krd"j), n. Etym: [F. cordage. See Cord.]

Defn: Ropes or cords, collectively; hence, anything made of rope or
cord, as those parts of the rigging of a ship which consist of ropes.

CORDAL
Cord"al (krd"al), n.

Defn: Same as Cordelle.

CORDATE
Cordate (kr"dt), a. Etym: [L. cor, cordis, heart.] (Bot.)

Defn: Heart-shaped; as, a cordate leaf.

CORDATELY
Cor"date*ly, adv.

Defn: In a cordate form.

CORDED
Cord"ed (krd"d), a.

1. Bound or fastened with cords.

2. Piled in a form for measurement by the cord.

3. Made of cords. [Obs.] "A corded ladder." Shak.

4. Striped or ribbed with cords; as, cloth with a corded surface.

5. (Her.)

Defn: Bound about, or wound, with cords.

CORDELIER
Cor`de*lier" (kr`dlr"), n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. cordel, F. cordeau,
dim. fr. corde string, rope. See Cord.]

1. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A Franciscan; -- so called in France from the girdle of knotted
cord worn by all Franciscans.

2. (Fr. Hist.)

Defn: A member of a French political club of the time of the first
Revolution, of which Danton and Marat were members, and which met in
an old Cordelier convent in Paris.

CORDELING
Cor"del*ing (kr"dlng), a. Etym: [F. cordeler to twist, fr. OF.
cordel. See Cordelier.]

Defn: Twisting.

CORDELLE
Cor*delle" (kr-dl"), n. Etym: [F., dim. of corde cord.]

Defn: A twisted cord; a tassel. Halliwell.

CORDIAL
Cor"dial (kr"jal, formally krd"yal; 106, 277), a. Etym: [LL.
cordialis, fr. L. cor heart: cf. F. cordial. See Heart.]

1. Proceeding from the heart. [Obs.]
A rib with cordial spirits warm. Milton.

2. Hearty; sincere; warm; affectionate.
He . . . with looks of cordial love Hung over her enamored. Milton.

3. Tending to revive, cheer, or invigorate; giving strength or
spirits.
Behold this cordial julep here That flames and dances in his crystal
bounds. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Hearty; sincere; heartfelt; warm; affectionate; cheering;
invigorating. See Hearty.

CORDIAL
Cor"dial, n.

1. Anything that comforts, gladdens, and exhilarates.
Charms to my sight, and cordials to my mind. Dryden.

2. (Med)

Defn: Any invigorating and stimulating preparation; as, a peppermint
cordial.

3. (Com.)

Defn: Aromatized and sweetened spirit, used as a beverage; a liqueur.

CORDIALITY
Cor*dial"i*ty (k, n.; pl. Cordialities (-t. Etym: [LL. cordialitas,
fr. cordialis sincere: cf. F. cordialité.]

1. Relation to the heart. [Obs.]
That the ancients had any respect of cordiality or reference unto the
heart, will much be doubted. Sir T. Browne.

2. Sincere affection and kindness; warmth of regard; heartiness.
Motley.

CORDIALIZE
Cor"dial*ize (kr"jal-z or krd"yal-z; 106), v. t.

1. To make into a cordial.

2. To render cordial; to reconcile.

CORDIALIZE
Cor"dial*ize, v. i.

Defn: To grow cordial; to feel or express cordiality. [R.]

CORDIALLY
Cor"dial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a cordial manner. Dr. H. More.

CORDIALNESS
Cor"dial*ness, n.

Defn: Cordiality. Cotgrave.

CORDIERITE
Cor"di*er*ite (k, n. Etym: [Named after the geologist Cordier.]
(Min.)

Defn: See Iolite.

CORDIFORM
Cor"di*form (kr"d-frm), a. Etym: [L. cor, cordis, heart + -form, cf.
F. cordiforme.]

Defn: Heart-shaped. Gray.

CORDILLERA
Cor*dil"ler*a (kr-dl"lr-; Sp. kr`d-ly"r), n. Etym: [Sp., fr. OSp.
cordilla, cordiella, dim. of cuerda a rope, string. See Cord.]
(Geol.)

Defn: A mountain ridge or chain.

Note: Cordillera is sometimes applied, in geology, to the system of
mountain chains near the border of a continent; thus, the western
cordillera of North America in the United States includes the Rocky
Mountains, Sierra Nevada, Coast and Cascade ranges.

CORDINER
Cor"di*ner (kr"d-nr), n.

Defn: A cordwainer. [Obs.]

CORDITE
Cord"ite, n. [From Cord, n.] (Mil.)

Defn: A smokeless powder composed of nitroglycerin, guncotton, and
mineral jelly, and used by the British army and in other services. In
making it the ingredients are mixed into a paste with the addition of
acetone and pressed out into cords  (of various diameters) resembling
brown twine, which are dried and cut to length. A variety containing
less nitroglycerin than the original is known  as cordite M. D.

CORDON
Cor"don (kr"dn; F. kr"dn"), n. Etym: [F., fr. corde. See Cord.]

1. A cord or ribbon bestowed or borne as a badge of honor; a broad
ribbon, usually worn after the manner of a baldric, constituting a
mark of a very high grade in an honorary order. Cf. Grand cordon.

2. The cord worn by a Franciscan friar. Sir E. Sandys.

3. (Fort.)

Defn: The coping of the scarp wall, which projects beyong the face of
the wall a few inches.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A line or series of sentinels, or of military posts, inclosing
or guarding any place or thing.

5. A rich and ornamental lace or string, used to secure a mantle in
some costumes of state. Cordon bleu (kd" bl Etym: [F., blue cordon],
a first-rate cook, or one worthy to be the cook of the cordons bleus,
or Knights of the Holy Ghost, famous for their good dinners.
 -- Cordon sanitaire (kd" s Etym: [F., sanitary cordon], a line of
troops or military posts around a district infected with disease, to
cut off communication, and thus prevent the disease from spreading.

CORDONNET
Cor`don`net" (kr`dn`n"), n. Etym: [F., dim. of cordon. See Cardon.]

Defn: Doubled and twisted thread, made of coarse silk, and used for
tassels, fringes, etc. McElrath.

CORDOVAN
Cor"do*van (kr"d-vn), n. Etym: [Sp. cordoban, fr. Cordova, or
Cordoba, in Spain. Cf. Cordwain.]

Defn: Same as Cordwain. in England the name is applied to leather
made from horsehide.

CORDUROY
Cor"du*roy` (kr"d-roi` or kr"d-roi"), n. Etym: [Prob. for F. corde du
roi king's cord.]

1. A sort of cotton velveteen, having the surface raised in ridges.

2. pl.

Defn: Trousers or breeches of corduroy. Corduroy road, a roadway
formed of logs laid side by side across it, as in marshy places; --
so called from its rough or ribbed surface, resembling corduroy.
[U.S.]

CORDUROY
Cor"du*roy`, v. t.

Defn: To form of logs laid side by side. "Roads were corduroyed."
Gemn. W.T. Sherman.

CORDWAIN
Cord"wain (krd"wn), n. Etym: [OE. cordewan, cordian, OF. cordoan,
cordouan, fr. Sp. cordoban. See Cordovan.]

Defn: A term used in the Middle Ages for Spanish leather (goatskin
tanned and dressed), and hence, any leather handsomely finished,
colored, gilded, or the like.
Buskins he wore of costliest cordwain. Spenser.

CORDWAINER
Cord"wain*er (-r), n. Etym: [OE. cordwaner, cordiner, fr. OF.
cordoanier, cordouanier, F. cordonnier.]

Defn: A worker in cordwain, or cordovan leather; a shoemaker.
[Archaic.]

CORDY
Cord"y (kôr"dy), a. [Compar. Cordier; superl. Cordiest.]

Defn: Of, or like, cord; having cords or cordlike parts.

CORE
Core (kr), n. Etym: [F. corps. See Corps.]

Defn: A body of individuals; an assemblage. [Obs.]
He was in a core of people. Bacon.

CORE
Core, n. Etym: [Cf. Chore.] (Mining.)

Defn: A miner's underground working time or shift. Raymond.

Note: The twenty-four hours are divided into three or four cores.

CORE
Core, n. Etym: [Heb. k: cf. Gr.

Defn: A Hebrew dry measure; a cor or homer. Num. xi. 32 (Douay
version).

CORE
Core, n. Etym: [OF. cor, coer, cuer, F. c, fr. L. cor heart. See
Heart.]

1. The heart or inner part of a thing, as of a column, wall, rope, of
a boil, etc.; especially, the central part of fruit, containing the
kernels or seeds; as, the core of an apple or quince.
A fever at the core, Fatal to him who bears, to all who ever bore.
Byron.

2. The center or inner part, as of an open space; as, the core of a
ssquare. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

3. The most important part of a thing; the essence; as, the core of a
subject.

4. (Founding)

Defn: The prtion of a mold which shapes the interior of a cylinder,
tube, or other hollow casting, or which makes a hole in or through a
casting; a part of the mold, made separate from and inserted in it,
for shaping some part of the casting, the form of which is not
determined by that of the pattern.

5. A disorder of sheep occasioned by worms in the liver. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

6. (Anat.)

Defn: The bony process which forms the central axis of the horns in
many animals. Core box (Founding), a box or mold, usually divisible,
in which cores are molded.
 -- Core print (Founding), a projecting piece on a pattern which
forms, in the mold, an impression for holding in place or steadying a
core.

CORE
Core, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cord (krd); p. pr. & vb. n. Coring.]

1. To take out the core or inward parts of; as, to core an apple.
He's likee a corn upon my great toe . . . he must be cored out.
Marston.

2. To form by means of a core, as a hole in a casting.

CO-REGENT
Co-re"gent (k-r"jent), n.

Defn: A joint regent or ruler.

CO-RELATION
Co`-re*la"tion (k`r-l"shn), n.

Defn: Corresponding relation.

CO-RELIGIONIST
Co`-re*li"gion*ist (-lj"n-st), n.

Defn: One of the same religion with another.

CORE LOSS
Core loss. (Elec.)

Defn: Energy wasted by hysteresis or eddy currents in the core of an
armature, transformer, etc.

COREOPSIS
Co`re*op"sis (k`r-p"ss), n. Etym: [NL., fr. GR. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbaceous composite plants, having the achenes two-
horned and remotely resembling some insect; tickseed. C. tinctoria,
of the Western plains, the commonest plant of the genus, has been
used in dyeing.

COREPLASTY
Cor"e*plas`ty (kor"e*plas`ty), n. [Gr. ko`rh pupil + -plasty.] (Med.)

Defn: A plastic operation on the pupil, as for forming an artificial
pupil. -- Cor`e*plas"tic (-plas"tik), a.

CORER
Cor"er (krr"rr), n.

Defn: That which cores; an instrument for coring fruit; as, an apple
corer.

CO-RESPONDENT
Co`-re*spond"ent (k`rr-spnd"ent), n. (Law)

Defn: One who is called upon to answer a summons or other proceeding
jointly with another.

CORF
Corf (krrf), n.; pl. Corves (k. Etym: [Cf.LG. & D. korf basket, G.
korb, fr. L. corbis.]

1. A basket.

2. (Mining)
(a) A large basket used in carrying or hoisting coal or ore.
(b) A wooden frame, sled, or low-wheeled wagon, to convey coal or ore
in the mines.

CORFIOTE; CORFUTE
Cor"fi*ote (kr"f-t), Cor"fute (kr"ft), n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Corfu, an island in the Mediterranean
Sea.

CORIACEOUS
Co`ri*a"ceous (k`r-"shs), a. Etym: [L. coriaceous, fr. corium
leather. See Cuirass.]

1. Consisting of or resembling, leather; leatherlike; tough.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Stiff, like leather or parchment.

CORIANDER
Co`ri*an"der (k`r-n"dr), n Etym: [L. coriandrum, fr. Gr. coriandre.]
(Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant, the Coriandrum sativum, the fruit or
seeds of which have a strong smell and a spicy taste, and in medicine
are considered as stomachic and carminative.

CORIDINE
Co"ri*dine (k"r-dn; 104), n. Etym: [From L. cortium leather.]

Defn: A colorless or yellowish oil, C10H15N, of a leathery odor,
occuring in coal tar, Dippel's oil, tobacco smoke, etc., regarded as
an organic base, homologous with pyridine. Also, one of a series of
metameric compounds of which coridine is a type. [Written also
corindine.]

CORINDON
Co*rin"don (k-rn"dn), n. (Min.)

Defn: See Corrundum.

CORINNE
Co`rinne" (k`rn"), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common gazelle (Gazella dorcas). See Gazelle. [Written also
korin.]

CORINTH
Cor"inth (kr"nth), n. Etym: [L. Corinthus, Gr. Currant.]

1. A city of Greece, famed for its luxury and extravagance.

2. A small fruit; a currant. [Obs.] Broome.

CORINTHIAC
Co*rin"thi*ac (k-rn"th-k), a. Etym: [L. Corinthiacus.]

Defn: Pertaining to Corinth.

CORINTHIAN
Co*rin"thi*an (-an), a.

1. Of or relating to Corinth.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Corinthian order of architecture,
invented by the Greeks, but more commonly used by the Romans.
This is the lightest and most ornamental of the three orders used by
the Greeks. Parker.

3. Debauched in character or practice; impure. Milton.

4. Of or pertaining to an amateur sailor or yachtsman; as, a
corinthian race (one in which the contesting yachts must be manned by
amateurs.)

CORINTHIAN
Co*rin"thi*an, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Corinth.

2. A gay, licentious person. [Obs.]

CORIUM
Co"ri*um (k"r-m), n. Etym: [L. corium leather.]

1. Armor made of leather, particularly that used by the Romans; used
also by Enlish soldiers till the reign of Edward I. Fosbroke.

2. (Anat.)
(a) Same as Dermis.
(b) The deep layer of mucous membranes beneath the epithelium.

CORIVAL
Co*ri"val (k-r"val), n.

Defn: A rival; a corrival.

CORIVAL
Co*ri"val, v. t.

Defn: To rival; to pretend to equal. Shak.

CORIVALRY; CORIVALSHIP
Co*ri"val*ry, Co*ri"val*ship, n.

Defn: Joint rivalry.

CORK
Cork (krk), n. Etym: [Cf. G., Dan., & Sw. kork, D. kurk; all fr. Sp.
corcho, fr. L. cortex, corticis, bark, rind. Cf. Cortex.]

1. The outer layer of the bark of the cork tree (Quercus Suber), of
which stoppers for bottles and casks are made. See Cutose.

2. A stopper for a bottle or cask, cut out of cork.

3. A mass of tabular cells formed in any kind of bark, in greater or
less abundance.

Note: Cork is sometimes used wrongly for calk, calker; calkin, a
sharp piece of iron on the shoe of a horse or ox. Cork jackets, a
jacket having thin pieces of cork inclosed within canvas, and used to
aid in swimming.
 -- Cork tree (Bot.), the species of oak (Quercus Suber of Southern
Europe) whose bark furnishes the cork of commerce.

CORK
Cork, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Corked (krkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Corking.]

1. To stop with a cork, as a bottle.

2. To furnish or fit with cork; to raise on cork.
Tread on corked stilts a prisoner's pace. Bp. Hall.

Note: To cork is sometimes used erroneously for to calk, to furnish
the shoe of a horse or ox with sharp points, and also in the meaning
of cutting with a calk.

CORKAGE
Cork"age (-j), n.

Defn: The charge made by innkeepers for drawing the cork and taking
care of bottles of wine bought elsewhere by a guest.

CORKED
Corked (krkt), a.

Defn: having acquired an unpleasant taste from the cork; as, a bottle
of wine is corked.

CORK FOSSIL
Cork" fos`sil (krk" fs`sl). (Min.)

Defn: A variety of amianthus which is very light, like cork.

CORKINESS
Cork"i*ness (--ns), n.

Defn: The quality of being corky.

CORKING PIN
Cork"ing pin` (krk"ng pn`).

Defn: A pin of a large size, formerly used attaching a woman's
headdress to a cork mold. [Obs.] Swift.

CORKSCREW
Cork"screw` (-skr"), n.

Defn: An instrument with a screw or a steel spiral for drawing corks
from bottles. Corkscrew starts, a spiral staircase around a solid
newel.

CORKSCREW
Cork"screw`, v. t.

Defn: To press forward in a winding way; as, to corksrew one's way
through a crowd. [Colloq.] Dickens.

CORKWING
Cork"wing` (-wng`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish; the goldsinny.

CORKWOOD
Cork"wood` (kôrk"wood`), n.

1. The wood of the cork oak. [Obs.]

2.  Any one of several trees or shrubs having light or corky wood;
esp.:
 (a) In the United States, the tree Leitneria floridana.
 (b) In the West Indies: (1) Either of the cotton trees Ochroma
lagopus and Pariti tiliaceum.  (2)

Defn: The tree producing the aligator apple. (3)

Defn: The blolly.

CORKY
Cork"y (-), a.

1. Consisting of, or like, cork; dry shriveled up.
Bind fast hiss corky arms. Shak.

2. Tasting of cork.

CORM
Corm (krm), n. Etym: [See Cormus.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A solid bulb-shaped root, as of the crocus. See Bulb.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Cormus, 2.

CORMOGENY
Cor*mog"e*ny (kr-mj"-n), n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The embryological history of groups or families of individuals.

CORMOPHYLOGENY
Cor`mo*phy*log"e*ny (kr`m-f-lj"-n), n. Etym: [Gr. phylogeny.] (Biol.)

Defn: The phylogeny of groups or families of individuals. Haeckel.

CORMOPHYTES; CORMOPHYTA
Cor"mo*phytes (kr"m-fts), Cor*moph"y*ta (kr-mf"-t), n. pl. Etym: [NL.
cormophyta, fr. Gr. trunk of a tree + (Bot.)

Defn: A term proposed by Endlicher to include all plants with an axis
containing vascular tissue and with foliage.

CORMORANT
Cor`mo*rant (kr"m-rant), n. Etym: [F. cormoran, fr. Armor. m a sea
raven; m sea + bran raven, with cor, equiv. to L. corvus raven,
pleonastically prefixed; or perh. fr. L. corvus marinus sea raven.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Phalacrocorax, a genus of sea birds having a sac
under the beak; the shag. Cormorants devour fish voraciously, and
have become the emblem of gluttony. They are generally black, and
hence are called sea ravens, and coalgeese. [Written also corvorant.]

2. A voracious eater; a glutton, or gluttonous servant. B. Jonson.

CORMORAUT
Cor"mo*raut, a.

Defn: Ravenous; voracious.
Cormorant, devouring time. Shak.

CORMUS
Cor"mus (kr"ms), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: See Corm.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A vegetable or animal made up of a number of individuals, such
as, for example, would be formed by a process of budding from a
parent stalk wherre the buds remain attached.

CORN
Corn (krn), n. Etym: [L. cornu horn: cf. F. corne horn, hornlike
excrescence. See Horn.]

Defn: A thickening of the epidermis at some point, esp. on the toees,
by friction or pressure. It is usually painful and troublesome.
Welkome, gentlemen! Ladies that have their toes Unplagued with corns,
will have a bout with you. Shak.

Note: The substance of a corn usually resembles horn, but where
moisture is present, as between the toes, it is white and sodden, and
is called a soft corn.

CORN
Corn, n. Etym: [AS. corn; akin to OS. korn, D. koren, G., Dan., Sw.,
& Icel. korn, Goth. ka, L. granum, Russ. zerno. Cf. Grain, Kernel.]

1. A single seed of certain plants, as wheat, rye, barley, and maize;
a grain.

2. The various farinaceous grains of the cereal grasses used for
food, as wheat, rye, barley, maize, oats.

Note: In Scotland, corn is generally restricted to oats, in the
United States, to maize, or Indian corn, of which there are several
kinds; as, yellow corn, which grows chiefly in the Northern States,
and is yellow when ripe; white or southern corn, which grows to a
great height, and has long white kernels; sweet corn, comprising a
number of sweet and tender varieties, grown chiefly at the North,
some of which have kernels that wrinkle when ripe and dry; pop corn,
any small variety, used for popping.

3. The plants which produce corn, when growing in the field; the
stalks and ears, or the stalks, ears, and seeds, after reaping and
before thrashing.
In one night, ere glimpse of morn, His shadowy flail had thrashed the
corn. Milton.

4. A small, hard particle; a grain. "Corn of sand." Bp. Hall. "A corn
of powder." Beau & Fl. Corn ball, a ball of popped corn stuck
together with soft candy from molasses or sugar.
 -- Corn bread, bread made of Indian meal.
 -- Corn cake, a kind of corn bread; johnny cake; hoecake.
 -- Corn cockle (Bot.), a weed (Agrostemma or Lychnis Githago),
having bright flowers, common in grain fields.
 -- Corn flag (Bot.), a plant of the genus Gladiolus; -- called also
sword lily.
 -- Corn fly. (Zoöl.) (a) A small fly which, in the larval state, is
injurious to grain, living in the stalk, and causing the disease
called "gout," on account of the swelled joints. The common European
species is Chlorops tæniopus. (b) A small fly (Anthomyia ze) whose
larva or maggot destroys seed corn after it has been planted.
 -- Corn fritter, a fritter having green Indian corn mixed through
its batter. [U. S.] -- Corn laws, laws regulating trade in corn,
especially those in force in Great Britain till 1846, prohibiting the
importation of foreign grain for home consumption, except when the
price rose above a certain rate.
 -- Corn marigold. (Bot.) See under Marigold.
 -- Corn oyster, a fritter containing grated green Indian corn and
butter, the combined taste resembling that of oysters. [U.S.] -- Corn
parsley (Bot.), a plant of the parsley genus (Petroselinum ssegetum),
a weed in parts of Europe and Asia.
 -- Corn popper, a utensil used in popping corn.
 -- Corn poppy (Bot.), the red poppy (Papaver Rhoeas), common in
European cornfields; -- also called corn rose.
 -- Corn rent, rent paid in corn.
 -- Corn rose. See Corn poppy.
 -- Corn salad (Bot.), a name given to several species of
Valerianella, annual herbs sometimes used for salad. V. olitoria is
also called lamb's lettuce.
 -- Corn stone, red limestone. [Prov. Eng.] -- Corn violet (Bot.), a
species of Campanula.
 -- Corn weevil. (Zoöl.) (a) A small weevil which causes great injury
to grain. (b) In America, a weevil (Sphenophorus zeæ) which attacks
the stalk of maize near the root, often doing great damage. See Grain
weevil, under Weevil.

CORN
Corn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Corned (krnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Corning.]

1. To preserve and season with salt in grains; to sprinkle with salt;
to cure by salting; now, specifically, to salt slightly in brine or
otherwise; as, to corn beef; to corn a tongue.

2. To form into small grains; to granulate; as, to corn gunpowder.

3. To feed with corn or (in Sctland) oats; as, to corn horses.
Jamieson.

4. To render intoxicated; as, ale strong enough to corn one.
[Colloq.] Corning house, a house or place where powder is corned or
granulated.

CORNAGE
Cor"nage (kr"nj), n. Etym: [OF.,, horn-blowing, tax on horned cattle,
fr. F. corne a horn, L. cornu.] (Law)

Defn: Anancient tenure of land, which obliged the tenant to give
notice of an invasion by blowing a horn.

CORNAMUTE
Cor"na*mute (kr"n-mt), n.

Defn: A cornemuse. [Obs.]

CORNBIND
Corn"bind` (krn"bnd`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A weed that binds stalks of corn, as Convolvulus arvensis,
Polygonum Convolvulus. [Prov. Eng.]

CORNCOB
Corn"cob` (krn"kb`), n.

Defn: The cob or axis on which the kernels of Indian corn grow.
[U.S.]

CORNCRAKE
Corn"crake` (-krk`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird (Crex crex or C. pratensis) which frequents grain
fields; the European crake or land rail; -- called also corn bird.

CORNCRIB
Corn"crib` (krn"krb`), n.

Defn: A crib for storing corn.

CORNCUTTER
Corn"cut`ter (-kt`tr), n.

1. A machine for cutting up stalks of corn for food of cattle.

2. An implement consisting of a long blade, attached to a handle at
nearly a right angle, used for cutting down the stalks of Indian
corn.

CORNDODGER
Corn"dodg`er (-dj`r), n.

Defn: A cake made of the meal of Indian corn, wrapped in a covering
of husks or paper, and baked under the embers. [U.S.] Bartlett.

CORNEA
Cor"ne*a (kr"n-), n.; pl. Corneas (-. Etym: [Fem. sing., fr. L.
corneus horny, fr. cornu a horn. See Horn.] (Anat.)

Defn: The transparent part of the coat of the eyeball which covers
the iris and pupil and admits light to the interior. See Eye.

CORNEAL
Cor"ne*al (-al), a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the cornea.

CORNEL
Cor"nel (-nl), n. Etym: [OF. cornille, cornoille, F. cornouille,
cornel berry, LL. cornolium cornel tree, fr. L. cornus, fr. cornu
horn, in allusion to the hardness of the wood. See Horn.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The cornelian cherry (Cornus Mas), a European shrub with
clusters of small, greenish flowers, followed by very acid but edible
drupes resembling cherries.

2. Any species of the genus Cornus, as C. florida, the flowering
cornel; C. stolonifera, the osier cornel; C. Canadensis, the dwarf
cornel, or bunchberry.

CORNELIAN
Cor*nel"ian (kr-nlyan), n. Etym: [F. cornaline, OF. corneline, fr. L.
cornu horn. So called from its horny appearance when broken. See
Horn, and cf. Carnelian.] (Min.)

Defn: Same as Carnelian.

CORNEMUSE
Corne"muse (krn"mz), n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A wind instrument nearly identical with the bagpipe. Drayton.

CORNEOCALCAREOUS
Cor"ne*o*cal*ca"re*ous (krn--kl-k"r-s), a.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Formed of a mixture of horny and calcareous materials, as some
shells and corals.

2. Horny on one side and calcareous on the other.

CORNEOUS
Cor"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. corneus, fr. cornu horn.]

Defn: Of a texture resembling horn; horny; hard. Sir T. Browne.

CORNER
Cor"ner (kr"nr), n. Etym: [OF. corniere, cornier, LL. cornerium,
corneria, fr. L. cornu horn, end, point. See Horn.]

1. The point where two converging lines meet; an angle, either
external or internal.

2. The space in the angle between converging lines or walls which
meet in a point; as, the chimney corner.

3. An edge or extremity; the part farthest from the center; hence,
any quarter or part.
From the four corners of the earth they come. Shak.

4. A secret or secluded place; a remote or out of the way place; a
nook.
This thing was not done in a corner. Acts xxvi. 26.

5. Direction; quarter.
Sits the wind in that corner! Shak.

6. The state of things produced by a combination of persons, who buy
up the whole or the available part of any stock or species of
property, which compels those who need such stock or property to buy
of them at their own price; as, a corner in a railway stock.
[Broker's Cant] Corner stone, the stone which lies at the corner of
two walls, and unites them; the principal stone; especially, the
stone which forms the corner of the foundation of an edifice; hence,
that which is fundamental importance or indispensable. "A prince who
regarded uniformity of faith as the corner stone of his government."
Prescott.
 -- Corner tooth, one of the four teeth which come in a horse's mouth
at the age of four years and a half, one on each side of the upper
and of the lower jaw, between the middle teeth and the tushes.

CORNER
Cor"ner, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cornered (-nrd);p. pr. & vb. n.
Cornering.]

1. To drive into a corner.

2. To drive into a position of great difficaulty or hopeless
embarrassment; as, to corner a person in argument.

3. To get command of (a stock, commodity, etc.), so as to be able to
put one's own price on it; as, to corner the shares of a railroad
stock; to corner petroleum.

CORNERCAP
Cor"ner*cap` (-kp`), n.

Defn: The chief ornament. [Obs.]
Thou makest the triumviry the cornercap of society. Shak.

CORNERED
Cor"nered (-nrd), p. a.

Defn: 1 Having corners or angles.

2. In a possition of great difficulty; brought to bay.

CORNERWISE
Cor"ner*wise` (-wz`), adv.

Defn: With the corner in front; diagonally; not square.

CORNET
Cor"net (kr"nt), n. Etym: [F. cornet, m. (for senses 1 & 2),
cornette, f. & m. (for senses 3 & 4), dim. of corne horn, L. cornu.
See Horn.]

1. (Mus.)
(a) An obsolete rude reed instrument (Ger. Zinken), of the oboe
family. (b) A brass instrument, with cupped mouthpiece, and furnished
with valves or pistons, now used in bands, and, in place of the
trumpet, in orchestras. See Cornet-à-piston. (c) A certain organ stop
or register.

2. A cap of paper twisted at the end, used by retailers to inclose
small wares. Cotgrave.

3. (Mil.)
(a) A troop of cavalry; -- so called from its being accompanied by a
cornet player. [Obs.] "A body of five cornets of horse." Clarendon.
(b) The standard of such a troop. [Obs.]
(c) The lowest grade of commissioned officer in a British cavalry
troop, who carried the standard. The office was abolished in 1871.

4. A headdress:
(a) A square cap anciently worn as a mark of certain professions.
(b) A part of a woman's headdress, in the 16th century.

5. Etym: [Cf. Coronet.] (Far.)

Defn: See Coronet, 2.

CORNET-A-PISTON
Cor"net-à-pis`ton (kr"nt--ps"tn; F. kr`n`ps`tn"), n.; pl. Cornets-à-
piston. Etym: [F.] (Mus.)

Defn: A brass wind instrument, like the trumpet, furnished with
valves moved by small pistons or sliding rods; a cornopean; a cornet.

CORNETCY
Cor"net*cy (kr"nt-s), n.

Defn: The commission or rank of a cornet.

CORNETER
Cor"net*er (kr"nt-r), n.

Defn: One who blows a cornet.

CORNEULE
Cor"neule (kr"nl), n. Etym: [F., dim. of corn the cornea.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the corneas of a compound eye in the invertebrates.
Carpenter.

CORNFIELD
Corn"field` (krn"fld`), n.

Defn: A field where corn is or has been growing; -- in England, a
field of wheat, rye, barley, or oats; in America, a field of Indian
corn.

CORNFLOOR
Corn"floor` (-flr`), n.

Defn: A thrashing floor. Hos. ix. 1.

CORNFLOWER
Corn"flow`er (-flou`r), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A conspicuous wild flower (Centaurea Cyanus), growing in
grainfields.

CORNIC
Cor"nic (kr"nk), a.

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, the dogwood (Cornus
florida).

CORNICE
Cor"nice (kr"ns), n. Etym: [F. corniche, It. cornice, LL. coronix,
cornix, fr. L. coronis a curved line, a flourish with the pen at the
end of a book or chapter, Gr. corona crown. sEE Crown, and cf.
Coronis.] (Arch.)

Defn: Any horizontal, molded or otherwise decorated projection which
crowns or finishes the part to which it is affixed; as, the cornice
of an order, pedestal, door, window, or house. Gwilt. Cornice ring,
the ring on a cannon next behind the muzzle ring.

CORNICED
Cor"niced (kr"nst), a.

Defn: Having a cornice.

CORNICLE
Cor"ni*cle (kr"n-k'l), n. Etym: [L. corniculum, dim. of cornu horn.]

Defn: A little horn. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

CORNICULAR
Cor*nic"u*lar (-lr), n. Etym: [L. cornicularius.]

Defn: A secretary or clerk. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CORNICULATE
Cor/nic"u*late (kr-nk"-lt), a. Etym: [L. corniculatus.]

1. Horned; having horns. Dr. H. More.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having processes resembling small horns.

CORNICULUM
Cor*nic"u*lum (kr-nk"-lm), n.; pl. Cornicula (-l. Etym: [L.
corniculum little horn.] (Anat.)

Defn: A small hornlike part or process.

CORNIFEROUS
Cor*nif"er*ous (kr-nf"r-s), a. Etym: [L. cornu horn + -ferous.]
(Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lowest period of the Devonian age.(See
the Diagram, under Geology.) The Corniferous period has been so
called from the numerous seams of hornstone which characterize the
later part of the period, as developed in the State of New York.

CORNIFIC
Cor*nif"ic (kr-nf"k), a. Etym: [L. cornu horn + facere to make.]

Defn: Producing horns; forming horn.

CORNIFICATION
Cor`ni*fi*ca"tion (kr`n-f-k"shn), n.

Defn: Conversion into, or formation of, horn; a becoming like horn.

CORNIFIED
Cor"ni*fied (kr"n-fd), a. Etym: [L. cornu horn + -fy.] (Anat.)

Defn: Converted into horn; horny.

CORNIFORM
Cor"ni*form (-frm), a. Etym: [L. cornu horn + -form.]

Defn: Having the shape of a horn; horn-shaped.

CORNIGEROUS
Cor*nig"er*ous (kr-nj"r-s), a. Etym: [L. corniger; cornu horn +
gerere to bear.]

Defn: Horned; having horns; as, cornigerous animals. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

CORNIN
Cor"nin (kr"nn), n. (Chem.)
(a) A bitter principle obtained from dogwood (Cornus florida), as a
white crystalline substance; -- called also cornic acid.
(b) An extract from dogwood used as a febrifuge.

CORNIPLUME
Cor"ni*plume (kr"n-plm), n. Etym: [L. cornu horn + pluma feather.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A hornlike tuft of feathers on the head of some birds.

CORNISH
Cor"nish (kr"nsh), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Cornwall, in England. Cornish chough. See
Chough.
 -- Cornish engine, a single-acting pumping engine, used in mines, in
Cornwall and elsewhere, and for water works. A heavy pump rod or
plunger, raised by the steam, forces up the water by its weight, in
descending.

CORNISH
Cor"nish, n.

Defn: The dialect, or the people, of Cornwall.

CORNIST
Cor"nist, n.

Defn: A performer on the cornet or horn.

CORNLOFT
Corn"loft` (krn"lft`), n.

Defn: A loft for corn; a granary.

CORNMUSE
Corn"muse (-mz), n.

Defn: A cornemuse.

CORNO DI BASSETTO
Cor"no di bas*set"to (kr"n d bs-st"t or bs-st"t); pl. Corni (-n di
basseto. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A tenor clarinet; -- called also basset horn, and sometimes
confounded with the English horn, which is a tenor oboe.

CORNO INGLESE
Cor"no In*gle"se (n-gl"z); pl. Corni Inglesi (-z. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A reed instrument, related to the oboe, but deeper in pitch;
the English horn.

CORNOPEAN
Cor*no"pe*an (kr-n"p-an), n. (Mus.)

Defn: An obsolete name for the cornet-à-piston.

CORNSHELLER
Corn"shell`er (krn"shl`r), n.

Defn: A machine that separates the kernels of corn from the cob.

CORNSHUCK
Corn"shuck` (-shk`), n.

Defn: The husk covering an ear of Indian corn. [Colloq. U.S.]

CORNSTALK
Corn"stalk` (-stk`), n.

Defn: A stalk of Indian corn.

CORNSTARCH
Corn"starch` (-strch`), n.

Defn: Starch made from Indian corn, esp. a fine white flour used for
puddings, etc.

CORNU
Cor"nu (kr"n), n; pl. Cornua (-n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A horn, or anything shaped like or resembling a horn.

CORNU AMMONIS
Cor"nu Am*mo"nis (m-m"ns); pl. Cornua Ammonis. Etym: [L., horn of
Ammon. See Ammonite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil shell, curved like a ram's horn; an obsolete name for
an ammonite.

CORNUCOPIA
Cor`nu*co"pi*a (kr`n-k"p-), n.; pl. Cornucopias (-. Etym: [L. cornu
copiae horn of plenty. See Horn, and Copious.]

1. The horn of plenty, from which fruits and flowers are represented
as issuing. It is an emblem of abundance.

2. pl. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of grasses bearing spikes of flowers resembling the
cornucopia in form.

Note: Some writers maintain that this word should be written, in the
singular, cornu copiæ, and in the plural, cornua copiæ.

CORNUTE; CORNUTED
Cor"nute (kr"nt or kr-nt"), Cor*nut"ed (kr-n"td), a. Etym: [L.
cornutus horned, from cornu horn.]

1. Bearing horns; horned; horn-shaped.

2. Cuckolded. [R.] "My being cornuted." LEstrange.

CORNUTE
Cor*nute" (kr-nt"), v. t.

Defn: To bestow horns upon; to make a cuckold of; to cuckold. [Obs.]
Burton.

CORNUTO
Cor*nu"to (kr-n"t), n. Etym: [It., fr. L. cornutus horned.]

Defn: A man that wears the horns; a cuckold. [R.] Shak.

CORNUTOR
Cor*nu"tor (-tr), n.

Defn: A cuckold maker. [R.] Jordan.

CORNY
Cor"ny (kr"n), a. Etym: [L. cornu horn.]

Defn: Strong, stiff, or hard, like a horn; resembling horn.
Up stood the cornu reed. Milton.

CORNY
Corn"y, a.

1. Producing corn or grain; furnished with grains of corn. [R.] "The
corny ear." Prior.

2. Containing corn; tasting well of malt. [R.]
A draught of moist and corny ale. Chaucer.

3. Tipsy. [Vulgar, Eng.] Forby.

COROCORE
Cor"o*core (kr"-kr), n.

Defn: A kind of boat of various forms, used in the Indian
Archipelago.

CORODY
Cor"o*dy (kr"-d), n. Etym: [LL. corrodium, corredium, conredium,
furniture, provision: cf. OF. conroi. See Curry.] (Old Law)

Defn: An allowance of meat, drink, or clothing due from an abbey or
other religious house for the sustenance of such of the king's
servants as he may designate to receive it. [Written also corrody.]

COROL
Cor"ol (kr"l), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A corolla.

COROLLA
Co*rol"la (k-rl"l), n. Etym: [L. corolla a little crown or garland,
dim. of corona. See Crown.] (Bot.)

Defn: The inner envelope of a flower; the part which surrounds the
organs of fructification, consisting of one or more leaves, called
petals. It is usually distinguished from the calyx by the fineness of
its texture and the gayness of its colors. See the Note under
Blossom.

COROLLACEOUS
Cor`ol*la"ceous (kr`l-l"shs), a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a corolla; having the form or
texture of a corolla.

COROLLARY
Cor"ol*la*ry (kr"l-l-r; 277), n.; pl. Corollaries (-r. Etym: [L.
corollarium gift, corollary, fr. corolla. See Corolla.]

1. That which is given beyond what is actually due, as a garland of
flowers in addition to wages; surplus; something added or
superfluous. [Obs.]
Now come, my Ariel; bring a corollary, Rather than want a spirit.
Shak.

2. Something which follows from the demonstration of a proposition;
an additional inference or deduction from a demonstrated proposition;
a consequence.

COROLLATE; COROLLATED
Cor"ol*late (kr"l-lt), Cor"ol*la`ted (-l`td), a.

Defn: Having a corolla or corollas; like a corolla.

COROLLET
Cor"ol*let (kr"l-lt), n. Etym: [Dim. fr. corolla.] (Bot.)

Defn: A floret in an aggregate flower. [Obs.] Martyn.

COROLLIFLORAL; COROLLIFLOROUS
Co*rol`li*flo"ral (k-rl`l-fl"ral), Co*rol`li*flo"rous (-fl"rs), a.
Etym: [Corolla + L. flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the stamens borne on the petals, and the latter free
from the calyx. Compare Calycifloral and Thalamifloral.

COROLLINE
Cor"ol*line (-ln), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a corolla.

COROMANDEL
Cor`o*man"del (kr`-mn"del), n. (Geol.)

Defn: The west coast, or a portion of the west coast, of the Bay of
Bengal. Coromandel gooseberry. See Carambola.
 -- Coromandel wood, Calamander wood.

CORONA
Co*ro"na (k-r"n), n.; pl. L. Coronæ (-nCoronas (-n. Etym: [L. corona
crown. See Crown.]

1. A crown or garland bestowed among the Romans as a reward for
distinguished services.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: The projecting part of a Classic cornice, the under side of
which is cut with a recess or channel so as to form a drip. See
Illust. of Column.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The upper surface of some part, as of a tooth or the skull; a
crown.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The shelly skeleton of a sea urchin.

5. (Astrol.)

Defn: A peculiar luminous apearance, or aureola, which surrounds the
sun, and which is seen only when the sun is totally eclipsed by the
moon.

6. (Bot.)
(a) An inner appendage to a petal or a corolla, often forming a
special cup, as in the daffodil and jonquil.
(b) Any crownlike appendage at the top of an organ.

7. (Meteorol.)
(a) A circle, usually colored, seen in peculiar states of the
atmosphere around and close to a luminous body, as the sun or moon.
(b) A peculiar phase of the aurora borealis, formed by the
concentration or convergence of luminous beams around the point in
the heavens indicated by the direction of the dipping needle.

8. A crown or circlet suspended from the roof or vaulting of
churches, to hold tapers lighted on solemn occasions. It is sometimes
formed of double or triple circlets, arranged pyramidically. Called
also corona lucis. Fairholt.

9. (Mus.)

Defn: A character [] called the pause or hold.

CORONACH
Cor"o*nach (kr"-nk), n.

Defn: See Coranach.

CORONAL
Cor"o*nal (kr"-nal or, esp. in science, k-r"nal; 277), a. Etym: [L.
coronalis: cf. F. coronal.]

1. Of or pertaining to a corona (in any of the senses).
The coronal light during the eclipse is faint. Abney.

2. Of or pertaining to a king's crown, or coronation.
The law and his coronal oath require his undeniable assent to what
laws the Parliament agree upon. Milton.

3. Of or pertaining to the top of the head or skull.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the shell of a sea urchin. Coronal suture
(Anat.), a suture extending across the skull between the parietal and
frontal bones; the frontoparietal suture.

CORONAL
Cor"o*nal, n.

1. A crown; wreath; garland. Spenser.

2. The frontal bone, over which the ancients wore their coronæ or
garlands. Hooper.

CORONAMEN
Cor`o*na"men (kr`-n"mn), n. Etym: [L., a crowning.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The upper margin of a hoof; a coronet.

CORONARY
Cor"o*na*ry (kr"-n-r), a. Etym: [L. coronarius: cf. F. coronaire.]

1. Of or pertaining to a crown; ferming, or adapted to form, a crown
or garland. "Coronary thorns." Bp. Pearson.
The catalogue of coronary plants is not large in Theophrastus. Sir T.
Browne.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Resembling, or situated like, a crown or circlet; as, the
coronary arteries and veins of the heart.

CORONARY
Cor"o*na*ry, n.

Defn: A small bone in the foot of a horse.

CORONARY BONE
Cor"o*na*ry bone.

Defn: The small pastern bone of the horse and allied animals.

CORONARY CUSHION
Coronary cushion.

Defn: A cushionlike band of vascular tissue at the upper border of
the wall of the hoof of the horse and allied animals. It takes an
important part in the secretion of the horny walls.

CORONATE; CORONATED
Cor"o*nate (kr"-nt), Cor"o*na`ted (-n`ted), a. Etym: [L. coronatus,
p. p. of coronare to crown, fr. corona. See Crown.]

1. Having or wearing a crown.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) Having the coronal feathers lengthened or otherwise
distinguished; -- said of birds.
(b) Girt about the spire with a row of tubercles or spines; -- said
of spiral shells.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: Having a crest or a crownlike appendage.

CORONATION
Cor`o*na"tion (kr`-n"shn), n. Etym: [See Coronate.]

1. The act or solemnity of crowning a sovereign; the act of investing
a prince with the insignia of royalty, on his succeeding to the
sovereignty.

2. The pomp or assembly at a coronation. Pope.

CORONEL
Coro"nel (kr"nel), n. Etym: [See Colonel.]

Defn: A colonel. [Obs.] Spenser.

CORONEL
Cor"o*nel (kr"-nl or kr"nl), n. Etym: [Cf. Cronel, Crown.] (Anc.
Armor)

Defn: The iron head of a tilting spear, divided into two, three, or
four blunt points. [Written also cronel.] Grose.

CORONER
Cor"o*ner (kr"-nr), n. Etym: [From OE. coronen to crown, OF. coroner,
fr. L. coronare, fr. corona crown. Formed as a translation of LL.
coronator coroner, fr. L. corona crown, the coroner having been
originally a prosecuting officer of the crown. See Crown.]

Defn: An officer of the peace whose principal duty is to inquire,
with the help of a jury, into the cause of any violent, sudden or
mysterious death, or death in prison, usually on sight of the body
and at the place where the death occurred. [In England formerly also
written and pronounced crowner.]

Note: In some of the United States the office of coroner is
abolished, that of medical examiner taking its place. Coroner's
inquest. See under Inquest.

CORONET
Cor"o*net (kr"-nt), n. Etym: [Dim. of OE. corone crown; cf. OF.
coronete. See Crown, and cf. Crownet, Cronet.]

1. An ornamental or honorary headdress, having the shape and
character of a crown; particularly, a crown worn as the mark of high
rank lower than sovereignty. The word is used by Shakespeare to
denote also a kingly crown.
Without a star, a coronet, or garter. Goldsmith.

Note: The coronet of the Prince of Wales consist of a circlet of gold
with four crosses pattée around the edge between as many fleurs-de-
lis. The center crosses are connected by an arch which is surmounted
by a globe or cross. The coronet of a British duke is adorned with
strawberry leaves; that of a marquis has leaves with pearls
interposed; that of an earl raises the pearls above the leaves; that
of a viscount is surrounded with pearls only; that of a baron has
only four pearls.

2. (Far.)

Defn: The upper part of a horse's hoof, where the horn terminates in
skin. James White.

3. (Anc. Armor)

Defn: The iron head of a tilting spear; a coronel. Crose.

CORONETED
Cor"o*net*ed (-nt-d), a.

Defn: Wearing, or entitled to wear, a coronet; of noble birth or
rank.

CORONIFORM
Co*ron"i*form (k-rn"-frm or k-r"n-), a. Etym: [L. corona crown + -
form.]

Defn: Having the form of a crown or coronet; resembling a crown.

CORONILLA
Cor`o*nil"la (kr`-nl"l), n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. corona crown: cf. F.
coronille.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants related to the clover, having their flowers
arranged in little heads or tufts resembling coronets.

CORONIS
Co*ro"nis (k-r"ns), n. Etym: [Gr. Cornice.]

1. In Greek grammar, a sign ['] sometimes placed over a contracted
syllable. W. W. Goodwin.

2. The curved line or flourish at the end of a book or chapter;
hence, the end. [R.] Bp. Hacket.

CORONIUM
Co*ro"ni*um, n. [NL. See Corona.] (Chem. & Astron.)

Defn: The principal gaseous substance forming the solar corona,
characterized by a green line in the coronal spectrum.

CORONOID
Cor"o*noid (kr"-noid), a. Etym: [Gr. -oid: cf. F. corono.] (Anat.)

Defn: Resembling the beak of a crow; as, the coronoid process of the
jaw, or of the ulna.

CORONULE
Cor"o*nule (kr"-nl), n. Etym: [L. coronula, dim. of corona crown.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A coronet or little crown of a seed; the downy tuft on seeds.
See Pappus. Martyn.

COROUN
Co*roun" (k-roun"), v. & n.

Defn: Crown. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COROZO; COROSSO
Co*ro"zo Co*ros"so (k-r"th or -s), n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. cerozo a kind of
palm tree.]

Defn: The name in Central America for the seed of a true palm; also,
a commercial name for the true ivory nut. See Ivory nut.

CORPORACE
Cor"po*race (kr"p-rs), n.

Defn: See Corporas.

CORPORAL
Cor"po*ral (kr"p-ral), n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. F. caporal, It.
caporale, fr. capo head, chief, L. caput. See Chief, and cf.
Caporal.] (Mil.)

Defn: A noncommissioned officer, next below a sergeant. In the United
States army he is the lowest noncomissioned officer in a company of
infantry. He places and relieves sentinels. Corporal's guard, a
detachment such as would be in charge of a corporal for guard duty,
etc.; hence, derisively, a very small number of persons.
 -- Lance corporal, an assistant corporal on private's pay. Farrow.
 -- Ship's corporal (Naut.), a petty officer who assists the master
at arms in his various duties.

CORPORAL
Cor"po*ral, a. Etym: [L. corporalis, fr. corpus body. See Corpse.]

1. Belonging or relating to the body; bodily. "Past corporal toil."
Shak.
Pillories and other corporal infections. Milton.
Corporal punishment (law), punishment applied to the body of the
offender, including the death penalty, whipping, and imprisonment.

2. Having a body or substance; not spiritual; material. In this sense
now usually written corporeal. Milton.
A corporal heaven . . . .where the stare are. Latimer.
What seemed corporal melted As breath into the wind. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Corporal, Bodily, Corporeal. Bodily is opposed to mental; as,
bodily affections. Corporeal refers to the whole physical structure
or nature, of the body; as, corporeal substance or frame. Corporal,
as now used, refers more to punishment or some infliction; as,
corporal punishment. To speak of corporeal punishment is an error.
Bodily austerities; the corporeal mold.

CORPORAL; CORPORALE
Cor"po*ral (kr"p-ral), Cor`po*ra"le (-r"l), n. Etym: [LL. corporale:
cf.F. corporal. See Corporal,a.]

Defn: A fine linen cloth, on which the sacred elements are
consecrated in the eucharist, or with which they are covered; a
communion cloth. Corporal oath, a solemn oath; -- so called from the
fact that it was the ancient usage for the party taking it to touch
the corporal, or cloth that covered the consecrated elements.

CORPORALITY
Cor`po*ral"i*ty (kr`p-rl"l-t), n.: pl. Corporalities (-t. Etym: [L.
corporalitas: cf. F.corporalit.]

1. The state of being or having a body; bodily existence;
corporeality; -- opposed to spirituality. Dr. H. More.

2. A confraternity; a guild. [Obs.] Milton.

CORPORALLY
Cor"po*ral*ly (kr"p-ral-ly), adv.

Defn: In or with the body; bodily; as, to be corporally present.
Sharp.

CORPORALSHIP
Cor"po*ral*ship, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A corporal's office.

CORPORAS
Cor"po*ras (kr"p-rs), n. Etym: [Prop. pl. of corporal.]

Defn: The corporal, or communion cloth. [Obs.] Fuller.

CORPORATE
Cor"po*rate (kr"p-rt), a. Etym: [L. corporatus, p. p. of corporare to
shape into a body, fr. corpus body. See Corpse.]

1. Formed into a body by legal enactment; united in an association,
and endowed by law with the rights and liabilities of an individual;
incorporated; as, a corporate town.

2. Belonging to a corporation or incorporated body. "Corporate
property." Hallam.

3. United; general; collectively one.
They answer in a joint and corporate voice. Shak.
Corporate member, an actual or voting member of a corporation, as
distinguished from an associate or an honorary member; as, a
corporate member of the American Board.

CORPORATE
Cor"po*rate (-rt), v. t.

Defn: To incorporate. [Obs.] Stow.

CORPORATE
Cor"po*rate, v. i.

Defn: To become incorporated. [Obs.]

CORPORATELY
Cor"po*rate*ly (-rt-l), adv.

1. In a corporate capacity; acting as a coprporate body.

2. In, or as regarda, the body. Fabyan.

CORPORATION
Cor`po*ra"tion (kr`p-r"shn), n. Etym: [L. corporatio incarnation: cf.
F. corporation corporation.]

Defn: A body politic or corporate, formed and authorized by law to
act as a single person, and endowed by law with the capacity of
succession; a society having the capacity of transacting business as
an individual.

Note: Corporations are aggregate or sole. Corporations aggregate
consist of two or more persons united in a society, which is
preserved by a succession of members, either forever or till the
corporation is dissolved by the power that formed it, by the death of
all its members, by surrender of its charter or franchises, or by
forfeiture. Such corporations are the mayor and aldermen of cities,
the head and fellows of a college, the dean and chapter of a
cathedral church, the stockholders of a bank or insurance company,
etc. A corporation sole consists of a single person, who is made a
body corporate and politic, in order to give him some legal
capacities, and especially that of succession, which as a natural
person he can not have. Kings, bishops, deans, parsons, and vicars,
are in England sole corporations. A fee will not pass to a
corporation sole without the word "successors" in the grant. There
are instances in the United States of a minister of a parish seized
of parsonage lands in the right of his parish, being a corporation
sole, as in Massachusetts. Corporations are sometimes classified as
public and private; public being convertible with municipal, and
private corporations being all corporations not municipal. Close
corporation. See under Close.

CORPORATOR
Cor"po*ra`tor (kr"p-r`tr), n.

Defn: A member of a corporation, esp. one of the original members.

CORPORATURE
Cor"po*ra*ture (kr"p-r-tr), n.

Defn: The state of being embodied; bodily existence. [Obs.] Dr. H.
More.

CORPOREAL
Cor*po"re*al (kr-p"r-al), a. Etym: [L. corporeus, fr. corpus body.]

Defn: Having a body; consisting of, or pertaining to, a material body
or substance; material; -- opposed to spiritual or immaterial.
His omnipotence That to corporeal substance could add Speed almost
spiritual. Milton.
Corporeal property, such as may be seen and handled (as opposed to
incorporeal, which can not be seen or handled, and exists only in
contemplation). Mozley & W.

Syn.
 -- Corporal; bodily. See Corporal.

CORPOREALISM
Cor*po"re*al*ism (-z'm), n.

Defn: Materialism. Cudworth.

CORPOREALIST
Cor*po"re*al*ist (kr-p"r-al-st), n.

Defn: One who denies the reality of spiritual existences; a
materialist.
Some corporealists pretended . . . to make a world without a God. Bp.
Berkeley.

CORPOREALITY
Cor*po`re*al"i*ty (-l"-t), n.: pl. Corporealities (-t.

Defn: The state of being corporeal; corporeal existence.

CORPOREALLY
Cor*po"re*al*ly (kr-p"r-al-l), adv.

Defn: In the body; in a bodily form or manner.

CORPOREALNESS
Cor*po"re*al*ness (-ns), n.

Defn: Corporeality; corporeity.

CORPOREITY
Cor`po*re"i*ty (kr`p-r"-t), n. Etym: [LL. corporeitas: cf. F.
corpor.]

Defn: The state of having a body; the state of being corporeal;
materiality.
The one attributed corporeity to God. Bp. Stillingfleet.
Those who deny light to be matter, do not therefore deny its
corporeity. Coleridge.

CORPORIFY
Cor*por"i*fy (kr-pr"-f), v. t. Etym: [L. corpus body + -fy: cf. F.
corporifier.]

Defn: To embody; to form into a body. [Obs.] Boyle.

CORPOSANT
Cor"po*sant (kr"p-znt), n. Etym: [It. corpo santo holy body.]

Defn: St. Elmo's fire. See under Saint.

CORPS
Corps (kr, pl. krz), n. sing. & pl. Etym: [F., fr. L. corpus body.
See Corpse.]

1. The human body, whether living or dead. [Obs.] See Corpse, 1.
By what craft in my corps, it cometh [commences] and where. Piers
Plowman.

2. A body of men; esp., an organized division of the military
establishment; as, the marine corps; the corps of topographical
engineers; specifically, an army corps.
A corps operating with an army should consist of three divisions of
the line, a brigade of artillery, and a regiment of cavalry. Gen.
Upton (U. S. Tactics. )

3. A body or code of laws. [Obs.]
The whole corps of the law. Bacon.

4. (Eccl.)

Defn: The land with which a prebend or other ecclesiastical office is
endowed. [Obs.]
The prebendaries over and above their reserved rents have a corps.
Bacon.
Army corps, or (French) Corps d'armée (k, a body containing two or
more divisions of a large army, organized as a complete army in
itself.
 -- Corps de logis (ke l Etym: [F., body of the house], the principal
mass of a building, considered apart from its wings.
 -- Corps diplomatique (k Etym: [F., diplomatic body], the body of
ministers or envoys accredited to a government.

CORPSE
Corpse (krps), n. Etym: [OF. cors (sometimes written corps), F.
corps, L. corpus; akin to AS. hrif womb. See Midriff, and cf. Corse,
Corselet, Corps, Cuerpo.]

1. A human body in general, whether living or dead; -- sometimes
contemptuosly. [Obs.]

Note: Formerly written (after the French form) corps. See Corps, n.,
1.

2. The dead body of a human being; -- used also Fig.
He touched the dead corpse of Public Credit, and it sprung upon its
feet. D. Webster.
Corpse candle. (a) A thick candle formerly used at a lich wake, or
the customary watching with a corpse on the night before its
interment. (b) A luminous appearance, resembling the flame of a
candle, sometimes seen in churchyards and other damp places,
superstitiously regarded as portending death.
 -- Corpse gate, the gate of a burial place through which the dead
are carried, often having a covered porch; -- called also lich gate.

CORPULENCE; CORPULENCY
Cor"pu*lence (kr"p-lens), Cor"pu*len*cy (kr"p-len-s), n. Etym: [L.
corpulentia: cf. F. corpulence.]

1. Excessive fatness; fleshiness; obesity.

2. Thickness; density; compactness. [Obs.]
The heaviness and corpulency of water requiring a great force to
divide it. Ray.

CORPULENT
Cor"pu*lent (-p-lent), a. Etym: [L. corpulentus, fr. corpus: cf. F.
corpulent. See Corpse.]

1. Very fat; obese.

2. Solid; gross; opaque. [Obs.] Holland.

Syn.
 -- Stout; fleshy; bulky; obese. See Stout.

CORPULENTLY
Cor"pu*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a corpulent manner.

CORPUS
Cor"pus (-ps), n.; pl. Corpora (-p. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A body, living or dead; the corporeal substance of a thing.
Corpus callosum (k; pl. Corpora callosa (-s Etym: [NL., callous body]
(Anat.), the great band of commissural fibers uniting the cerebral
hemispheries. See Brain.
 -- Corpus Christi (kr Etym: [L., body of Christ] (R. C. Ch.), a
festival in honor of the eucharist, observed on the Thursday after
Trinity Sunday.
 -- Corpus Christi cloth. Same as Pyx cloth, under Pyx.
 -- Corpus delicti (d Etym: [L., the body of the crime] (Law), the
substantial and fundamental fact of the comission of a crime; the
proofs essential to establish a crime.
 -- Corpus luteum (l; pl. Corpora lutea (-. Etym: [NL., luteous body]
(Anat.), the reddish yellow mass which fills a ruptured Grafian
follicle in the mammalian ovary.
 -- Corpus striatum (str; pl. Corpora striata (-t. Etym: [NL.,
striate body] (Anat.), a ridge in the wall of each lateral ventricle
of the brain.

CORPUSCLE
Cor"pus*cle (-ps-s'l), n. Etym: [L. corpusculum, dim. of corpus.]

1. A minute particle; an atom; a molecule.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A protoplasmic animal cell; esp., such as float free, like
blood, lymph, and pus corpuscles; or such as are imbedded in an
intercellular matrix, like connective tissue and cartilage
corpuscles. See Blood.
Virchow showed that the corpuscles of bone are homologous with those
of connective tissue. Quain's Anat.
Red blood corpuscles (Physiol.), in man, yellowish, biconcave,
circular discs varying from 1/3500 to 1/3200 of an inch in diameter
and about 1/12400 of an inch thick. They are composed of a colorless
stroma filled in with semifluid hæmoglobin and other matters. In most
mammals the red corpuscles are circular, but in the camels, birds,
reptiles, and the lower vertebrates generally, they are oval, and
sometimes more or less spherical in form. In Amphioxus, and most
invertebrates, the blood corpuscles are all white or colorless.
 -- White blood corpuscles (Physiol.), rounded, slightly flattened,
nucleated cells, mainly protoplasmic in composition, and possessed of
contractile power. In man, the average size is about 1/2500 of an
inch, and they are present in blood in much smaller numbers than the
red corpuscles.

CORPUSCULAR
Cor*pus"cu*lar (kr-ps"k-lr), a. Etym: [Cf. F. corpusculaire.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or composed of, corpuscles, or small particles.
Corpuscular philosophy, that which attempts to account for the
phenomena of nature, by the motion, figure, rest, position, etc., of
the minute particles of matter.
 -- Corpuscular theory (Opt.), the theory enunciated by Sir Isaac
Newton, that light consists in the emission and rapid progression of
minute particles or corpuscles. The theory is now generally rejected,
and supplanted by the undulatory theory.

CORPUSCULARIAN
Cor*pus`cu*la"ri*an (-l"r-an), a.

Defn: Corpuscular. [Obs.]

CORPUSCULARIAN
Cor*pus`cu*la"ri*an, n.

Defn: An adherent of the corpuscular philosophy. Bentley.

CORPUSCULE
Cor*pus"cule (kr-ps"kl), n.

Defn: A corpuscle. [Obs.]

CORPUSCULOUS
Cor*pus"cu*lous (-k-ls), a.

Defn: Corpuscular. Tyndall.

CORRADE
Cor*rade" (kr-rd"), v. t. Etym: [L. corradere, -rasum; cor- + radere
to rub.]

1. To gnaw into; to wear away; to fret; to consume. [Obs.] Dr. R.
Clerke.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: To erode, as the bed of a stream. See Corrosion.

CORRADIAL
Cor*ra"di*al (kr-r"d-al), a.

Defn: Radiating to or from the same point. [R.] Coleridge.

CORRADIATE
Cor*ra"di*ate (kr-r"d-t), v. t.

Defn: To converge to one point or focus, as light or rays.

CORRADIATION
Cor*ra`di*a"tion (kr-r`d-"shn), n.

Defn: A conjunction or concentration of rays in one point. Bacom

CORRAL
Cor*ral" (kr-rl"; Sp. kr-rl"), n. Etym: [Sp., a yard, a yard for
cattle, fr. corro a circle or ring, fr. L. currere to run. Cf.
Kraal.]

Defn: A pen for animals; esp., an inclosure made with wagons, by
emigrants in the vicinity of hostile Indians, as a place of security
for horses, cattle, etc.

CORRAL
Cor*ral", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Corraled (-rld" or -rld"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Corralling.]

Defn: To surround and inclose; to coop up; to put into an inclosed
space; -- primarily used with reference to securing horses and cattle
in an inclosure of wagons while traversing the plains, but in the
Southwestern United States now colloquially applied to the capturing,
securing, or penning of anything. Bartlett.

CORRASION
Cor*ra"sion (kr-r"zhn), n. Etym: [See Corrade.] (Geol.)

Defn: The erosion of the bed of a stream by running water,
principally by attrition of the detritus carried along by the stream,
but also by the solvent action of the water.

CORRASIVE
Cor*ra"sive (-sv), a.

Defn: Corrosive. [Obs.]
Corrasive sores which eat into the flesh. Holland.

CORRECT
Cor*rect" (kr-rkt"), a. Etym: [L. correctus, p. p. of corrigere to
make straight, to correct; cor- + regere to lead straight: cf. F.
correct. See Regular, Right, and cf. Escort.]

Defn: Set right, or made straight; hence, conformable to truth,
rectitude, or propriety, or to a just standard; nnot faulty or
imperfect; free from error; as, correct behavior; correct views.
Always use the most correct editions. Felton.

Syn.
 -- Accurate; right, exact; precise; regular; faultless. See
Accurate.

CORRECT
Cor*rect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Corrected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Correcting.]

1. To make right; to bring to the standard of truth, justice, or
propriety; to rectify; as, to correct manners or principles.
This is a defect in the first make of same men's minds which can
scarce ever be corrected afterwards. T. Burnet.

2. To remove or retrench the faults or errors of; to amend; to set
right; as, to correct the proof (that is, to mark upon the margin the
changes to be made, or to make in the type the changes so marked).

3. To bring back, or attempt to bring back, to propriety in morals;
to reprove or punish for faults or deviations from moral rectitude;
to chastise; to discipline; as, a child should be corrected for
lying.
My accuser is my 'prentice; and when I did correct him for his fault
the other day, he did vow upon his knees he would be even with me.
Shak.

4. To counteract the qualities of one thing by those of another; --
said of whatever is wrong or injurious; as, to correct the acidity of
the stomach by alkaline preparations.

Syn.
 -- To amend; rectify; emend; reform; improve; chastise; punish;
discipline; chasten. See Amend.

CORRECTIBLE; CORRECTABLE
Cor*rect"i*ble (-rk"t-b'l), Cor*rect"a*ble (-rk"t-b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being corrected.

CORRECTIFY
Cor*rect"i*fy (kr-rk"t-f), v. t.

Defn: To correct. [Obs.]
When your worship's plassed to correctify a lady. Beau & Fl.

CORRECTION
Cor*rec"tion (kr-rk"shn), n. Etym: [L. correctio: cf. F. correction.]

1. The act of correcting, or making that right which was wrong;
change for the better; amendment; rectification, as of an erroneous
statement.
The due correction of swearing, rioting, neglect of God's word, and
other scandalouss vices. Strype.

2. The act of reproving or punishing, or that which is intended to
rectify or to cure faults; punishment; discipline; chastisement.
Correction and instruction must both work Ere this rude beast will
profit. Shak.

3. That which is substituted in the place of what is wrong; an
emendation; as, the corrections on a proof sheet should be set in the
margin.

4. Abatement of noxious qualities; the counteraction of what is
inconvenient or hurtful in its effects; as, the correction of acidity
in the stomach.

5. An allowance made for inaccuracy in an instrument; as, chronometer
correction; compass correction. Correction line (Surv.), a parallel
used as a new base line in laying out township in the government
lands of the United States. The adoption at certain intervals of a
correction line is necessitated by the convergence of of meridians,
and the statute requirement that the townships must be squares.
 -- House of correction, a house where disorderly persons are
confined; a bridewell.
 -- Under correction, subject to correction; admitting the
possibility of error.

CORRECTIONAL
Cor*rec"tion*al (kr-rk"shn-al), a. Etym: [Cf. F. correctionnel.]

Defn: Tending to, or intended for, correction; used for correction;
as, a correctional institution.

CORRECTIONER
Cor*rec"tion*er (-r), n.

Defn: One who is, or who has been, in the house of correction. [Obs.]
Shak.

CORRECTIVE
Cor*rect"ive (krr-rk"tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. correctif.]

1. Having the power to correct; tending to rectify; as, corrective
penalties.
Mulberries are pectoral, corrective of billious alkali. Arbuthnot.

2. Qualifying; limiting. "The Psalmist interposeth . . . this
corrective particle." Holdsworth.

CORRECTIVE
Cor*rect"ive, n.

1. That which has the power of correcting, altering, or counteracting
what is wrong or injurious; as, alkalies are correctives of acids;
penalties are correctives of immoral conduct. Burke.

2. Limitation; restriction. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

CORRECTLY
Cor*rect"ly (kr-rkt"l), adv.

Defn: In a correct manner; exactly; acurately; without fault or
error.

CORRECTNESS
Cor*rect"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being correct; as, the correctness of
opinions or of manners; correctness of taste; correctness in writing
or speaking; the correctness of a text or copy.

Syn.
 -- Accuracy; exactness; precision; propriety.

CORRECTOR
Cor*rect"or (kr-rkt"r), n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who, or that which, corrects; as, a corrector of abuses; a
corrector of the press; an alkali is a corrector of acids.

CORRECTORY
Cor*rect"o*ry (--r), a.

Defn: Containing or making correction; corrective.

CORRECTRESS
Cor*rect"ress (-rs), n.

Defn: A woman who corrects.

CORREGIDOR
Cor*reg"i*dor (kr-rj"-dr; Sp. kr-r`h-dr"), n. Etym: [Sp., orig., a
corrector.]

Defn: The chief magistrate of a Spanish town.

CORREI
Cor"rei (kr"r), n. Etym: [Scot., perh. fr. Celt. cor a corner.]

Defn: A hollow in the side of a hill, where game usually lies. "Fleet
foot on the correi." Sir W. Scott.

CORRELATABLE
Cor`re*lat"a*ble (k3r`r-lt"-b'l), a.

Defn: Such as can be correlated; as, correlatable phenomena.

CORRELATE
Cor`re*late" (kr`r-lt" or kr"r-lt`), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Correlated;
p. pr. & vb. n. Correlating.] Etym: [Pref. cor- + relate.]

Defn: To have reciprocal or mutual relations; to be mutually related.
Doctrine and worship correlate as theory and practice. Tylor.

CORRELATE
Cor`re*late", v. t.

Defn: To put in relation with each other; to connect together by the
disclosure of a mutual relation; as, to correlate natural phenomens.
Darwin.

CORRELATE
Cor"re*late (kr"r-lt), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, stands in a reciprocal relation to
something else, as father to son; a correlative. South.

CORRELATION
Cor`re*la"tion (-l"shn), n. Etym: [LL. correlatio; L. cor- + relatio:
cf. F. corrélation. Cf. Correlation.]

Defn: Reciprocal relation; corresponding similarity or parallelism of
relation or law; capacity of being converted into, or of giving place
to, one another, under certain conditions; as, the correlation of
forces, or of zymotic diseases. Correlation of energy, the relation
to one another of different forms of energy; -- usually having some
reference to the principle of conservation of energy. See
Conservation of energy, under Conservation.
 -- Correlation of forces, the relation between the forces which
matter, endowed with various forms of energy, may exert.

CORRELATIVE
Cor*rel"a*tive (kr-rl"-tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. corrélatif.]

Defn: Having or indicating a reciprocal relation.
Father and son, prince and subject, stranger and citizen, are
correlative terms. Hume.

CORRELATIVE
Cor*rel"a*tive, n.

1. One who, or that which, stands in a reciprocal relation, or is
correlated, to some other person or thing. Locke.
Spiritual things and spiritual men are correlatives. Spelman.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: The antecedent of a pronoun.

CORRELATIVELY
Cor*rel"a*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a correlative relation.

CORRELATIVENESS
Cor*rel"a*tive*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being correlative.

CORRELIGIONIST
Cor`re*li"gion*ist (kr`r-lj"n-st), n.

Defn: A co-religion

CORREPTION
Cor*rep"tion (kr-rp"shn), n. Etym: [L. correptio, fr. corripere to
seize.]

Defn: Chiding; reproof; reproach. [Obs.]
Angry, passionate correption being rather apt to provoke, than to
amend. Hammond.

CORRESPOND
Cor`re*spond" (kr`r-spnd"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Corresponded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Corresponding.] Etym: [Pref. cor- + respond: cf. f.
correspondre.]

1. To be like something else in the dimensions and arrangement of its
parts; -- followed by with or to; as, concurring figures correspond
with each other throughout.
None of them [the forms of Sidney's sonnets] correspond to the
Shakespearean type. J. A. Symonds.

2. To be adapted; to be congruous; to suit; to agree; to fit; to
answer; -- followed by to.
Words being but empty sounds, any farther than they are signs of our
ideas, we can not but assent to them as they correspond to those
ideas we have, but no farther. Locke.

3. To have intercourse or communion; especially, to hold intercourse
or to communicate by sending and receiving letters; -- followed by
with.
After having been long in indirect communication with the exiled
family, he [Atterbury] began to correspond directly with the
Pretender. Macualay.

Syn.
 -- To agree; fit; answer; suit; write; address.

CORRESPONDENCE
Cor`re*spond"ence (-spnd"ens), n. Etym: [Cf. F. correspondance.]

1. Friendly intercourse; reciprocal exchange of civilities;
especially, intercourse between persons by means of letters.
Holding also good correspondence with the other great men in the
state. Bacon.
To facilitate correspondence between one part of London and another,
was not originally one of the objects of the post office. Macualay.

2. The letters which pass between correspondents.

3. Mutual adaptation, relation, or agreement, of one thing to
another; agreement; congruity; fitness; relation.

CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Cor`res*pond"ence school.

Defn: A school that teaches by correspondence, the instruction being
based on printed instruction sheets and the recitation papers written
by the student in answer to the questions or requirements of these
sheets. In the broadest sense of the term correspondence school may
be used to include any educational institution or department for
instruction by correspondence, as in a university or other
educational bodies, but the term is commonly applied to various
educational institutions organized on a commercial basis, some of
which offer a large variety of courses in general and technical
subjects, conducted by specialists.

CORRESPONDENCY
Cor`re*spond"en*cy (k$r`r--spnd"en-s), n.; pl. Correspondencies (-s.

Defn: Same as Correspondence, 3.
The correspondencies of types and antitypes . . . may be very
reasonable confirmations. S. Clarke.

CORRESPONDENT
Cor`re*spond"ent (-ent), a. Etym: [Cf. F. correspondant.]

Defn: Suitable; adapted; fit; corresponding; congruous; conformable;
in accord or agreement; obedient; willing.
Action correspondent or repugnant unto the law. Hooker.
As fast the correspondent passions rise. Thomson.
I will be correspondent to command. Shak.

CORRESPONDENT
Cor`re*spond"ent, n.

1. One with whom intercourse is carried on by letter. Macualay.

2. One who communicates information, etc., by letter or telegram to a
newspaper or periodical.

3. (Com.)

Defn: One who carries on commercial intercourse by letter or telegram
with a person or firm at a distance.

CORRESPONDENTLY
Cor`re*spond"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a a corresponding manner; conformably; suitably.

CORRESPONDING
Cor`re*spond"ing, a.

1. Answering; conformable; agreeing; suiting; as, corresponding
numbers.

2. Carrying on intercourse by letters. Corresponding member of a
society, one residing at a distance, who has been invited to
correspond with the society, and aid in carrying out its designs
without taking part in its management.

CORRESPONDINGLY
Cor`re*spond"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a corresponding manner; conformably.

CORRESPONSIVE
Cor`re*spon"sive (-r-spn"sv), a.

Defn: Corresponding; conformable; adapted. Shak.
 -- Cor`re*spon"sive*ly, adv.

CORRIDOR
Cor"ri*dor (kr"r-dr or -dr), n. Etym: [F., fr. Itt. corridpore, or
Sp. corredor; prop., a runner, hence, a running or long line, a
gallery, fr. L. currere to run. See Course.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A gallery or passageway leading to several apartments of a
house.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: The covered way lying round the whole compass of the
fortifications of a place. [R.]

CORRIDOR TRAIN
Cor"ri*dor train.

Defn: A train whose coaches are connected so as to have through its
entire length a continuous corridor, into which the compartments
open. [Eng.]

CORRIE
Cor"rie (kr"r), n.

Defn: Same as Correi. [Scot.] Geikie.

CORRIGENDUM
Cor`ri*gen"dum (kr`r-jn"dm), n.; pl. Corrigenda (-d. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A fault or error to be corrected.

CORRIGENT
Cor"ri*gent (kr"r--jent), n. Etym: [L. corrigens, p. pr. of corrigere
to correct.] (Med.)

Defn: A substance added to a medicine to mollify or modify its
action. Dunglison.

CORRIGIBILITY
Cor`ri*gi*bil"i*ty (-j-bl"-t), n.

Defn: Quality of being corrigible; capability of being corrected;
corrigibleness.

CORRIGIBLE
Cor"ri*gi*ble (kr"r-j-b'l), a. Etym: [LL. corribilis, fr. L.
corrigere to correct: cf. F. corrigible. See Correrct.]

1. Capable of being set right, amended, or reformed; as, a corrigible
fault.

2. Submissive to correction; docile. "Bending down his corrigible
neck." Shak.

3. Deserving chastisement; punishable. [Obs.]
He was taken up very short, and adjudged corrigible for such
presumptuous language. Howell.

4. Having power to correct; corrective. [Obs.]
The . . . .corrigible authority of this lies in our wills. Shak.

CORRIGIBLENESS
Cor"ri*gi*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being corrigible; corrigibility.

CORRIVAL
Cor*ri"val (kr-r"val), n.

Defn: A fellow rival; a competitor; a rival; also, a companion. [R.]
Shak.

CORRIVAL
Cor*ri"val, a.

Defn: Having rivaling claims; emulous; in rivalry. [R.] Bp.
Fleetwood.

CORRIVAL
Cor*ri"val, v. i. & t.

Defn: To compete with; to rival. [R.]

CORRIVALRY
Cor*ri"val*ry (kr-r"val-r), n.

Defn: Corivalry. [R.]

CORRIVALSHIP
Cor*ri"val*ship, n.

Defn: Corivalry. [R.]
By the corrivalship of Shager his false friend. Sir T. Herbert.

CORRIVATE
Cor"ri*vate (kr"r-vt), v. t. Etym: [L. corrivatus, p. p. of corrivare
to corrivate.]

Defn: To cause to flow together, as water drawn from several streams.
[Obs.] Burton.

CORRIVATION
Cor`ri*va"tion (-v"shn), n. Etym: [L. corrivatio.]

Defn: The flowing of different streams into one. [Obs.] Burton.

CORROBORANT
Cor*rob"o*rant (kr-rb"-rant), a. Etym: [L. corroborans, p. pr. See
Corroborate.]

Defn: Strengthening; supporting; corroborating. Bacon.
 -- n.

Defn: Anything which gives strength or support; a tonic.
The brain, with its proper corroborants, especially with sweet odors
and with music. Southey.

CORROBORATE
Cor*rob"o*rate (kr-rb"-rt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Corroborated (-r`td);
p. pr. & vb. n. Corroborating (-r`tng). ] Etym: [L. corroboratus, p.
p. of corroborare to corroborate; cor- + roborare to strengthen,
robur strength. See Robust.]

1. To make strong, or to give additional strength to; to strengthen.
[Obs.]
As any limb well and duly exercised, grows stronger, the nerves of
the body are corroborated thereby. I. Watts.

2. To make more certain; to confirm; to establish.
The concurrence of all corroborates the same truth. I. Taylor.

CORROBORATE
Cor*rob"o*rate (-rt), a.

Defn: Corroborated. [Obs.] Bacon.

CORROBORATION
Cor*rob`o*ra"tion (kr-rb`-r"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. corroboration.]

1. The act of corroborating, strengthening, or confirming; addition
of strength; confirmation; as, the corroboration of an argument, or
of information.

2. That which corroborates.

CORROBORATIVE
Cor*rob"o*ra*tive (kr-rb"-r-tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. corroboratif.]

Defn: Tending to strengthen of confirm.

CORROBORATIVE
Cor*rob"o*ra*tive, n.

Defn: A medicine that strengthens; a corroborant. Wiseman.

CORROBORATORY
Cor*rob"o*ra*to*ry (-t-r), a.

Defn: Tending to strengthen; corroborative; as, corroboratory facts.

CORROBOREE
Cor*rob"o*ree`, n. [Also corrobboree, corrobori, etc.] [Native name.]

1. A nocturnal festivity with which the Australian aborigines
celebrate tribal events of importance. Symbolic dances are given by
the young men of the tribe, while the women act as musicians.

2.  A song or chant made for such a festivity.

3.  A festivity or social gathering, esp. one of a noisy or
uproarious character; hence, tumult; uproar. [Australia]

CORROBORY
Cor*rob"o*ry, n. & v.

Defn: See Corroboree.

CORRODE
Cor*rode" (kr-rd") v. t. [imp. & p. p. Corroded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Corroding.] Etym: [L. corrodere, -rosum; cor + rodere to gnaw: cf. F.
corroder. See Rodent.]

1. To eat away by degrees; to wear away or diminish by gradually
separating or destroying small particles of, as by action of a strong
acid or a caustic alkali.
Aqua fortis corroding copper . . . is wont to reduce it to a green-
blue solution. Boyle.

2. To consume; to wear away; to prey upon; to impair.

CORRODE
Cor*rode", v. i.

Defn: To have corrosive action; to be subject to corrosion. Corroding
lead, lead sufficiently pure to be used in making white lead by a
process of corroding.

Syn.
 -- To canker; gnaw; rust; waste; wear away.

CORRODENT
Cor*rod"ent (kr-r"dent), a. Etym: [L. corrodens, p. pr. of
corrodere.]

Defn: Corrosive. [R.] Bp. King.

CORRODENT
Cor*rod"ent, n.

Defn: Anything that corrodes. Bp. King.

CORRODIATE
Cor*ro"di*ate (kr-r"d-t), v. t. Etym: [See Corrode.]

Defn: To eat away by degrees; to corrode. [Obs.] Sandys.

CORRODIBILITY
Cor*ro`di*bil"i*ty (kr-r`d-bl"-t), n.

Defn: The qualityof being corrodible. [R.] Johnson.

CORRODIBLE
Cor*rod"i*ble (kr-r"d-b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being corroded; corrosible. Sir T. Browne.

CORROSIBILITY
Cor*ro`si*bil"i*ty (kr-r`s-bl"-t), n.

Defn: Corrodibility. "Corrosibility . . . answers corrosiveness."
Boyle.

CORROSIBLE
Cor*ro"si*ble (kr-r"s-b'l), a.

Defn: Corrodible. Bailey.

CORROSIBLENESS
Cor*ro"si*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being corrosible. Bailey.

CORROSION
Cor*ro"sion (kr-r"zhn), n. Etym: [LL. corrosio: cf. F. corrosion. See
Corrode.]

Defn: The action or effect of corrosive agents, or the process of
corrosive change; as, the rusting of iron is a variety of corrosion.
Corrosion is a particular species of dissolution of bodies, either by
an acid or a saline menstruum. John Quincy.

CORROSIVE
Cor*ro"sive (kr-r"sv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. corrosif.]

1. Eating away; having the power of gradually wearing, changing, or
destroying the texture or substance of a body; as, the corrosive
action of an acid. "Corrosive liquors." Grew. "Corrosive
famine."Thomson.

2. Having the quality of fretting or vexing.
Care is no cure, but corrosive. Shak.
Corrosive sublimate (Chem.), mercuric chloride, HgCl2; so called
because obtained by sublimation, and because of its harsh irritating
action on the body tissue. Usually it is in the form of a heavy,
transparent, crystalline substance, easily soluble, and of an acrid,
burning taste. It is a virulent poison, a powerful antiseptic, and an
exellent antisyphilitic; called also mercuric bichloride. It is to be
carefully distinguished from calomel, the mild chloride of mercury.

CORROSIVE
Cor*ro"sive, n.

1. That which has the quality of eating or wearing away gradually.
[Corrosives] act either directly, by chemically destroying the part,
or indirectly by causing inflammation and gangrene. Dunglison.

2. That which has the power of fretting or irritating.
Such speeches . . . are grievous corrosives. Hooker.
-- Cor*ro"sive*ly, adv.
 -- Cor*ro"sive*ness, n.

CORROVAL
Cor*ro"val (kr-r"val), n.

Defn: A dark brown substance of vegetable origin, allied to curare,
and used by the natives of New Granada as an arrow poison.

CORROVALINE
Cor*ro"va*line (-v-ln or -ln), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous alkaloid extracted from corroval, and characterized
by its immediate action in paralyzing the heart.

CORRUGANT
Cor"ru*gant (kr"r-gant), a. Etym: [L. corrugans, p. pr. See
Corrugate.]

Defn: Having the power of contracting into wrinkles. Johnson.

CORRUGATE
Cor"ru*gate (kr"r-gt), a. Etym: [L. corrugatus, p. p. of corrugare;
cor-+ rugare to wrinkle, ruga wrinkle; of uncertain origin.]

Defn: Wrinkled; crumpled; furrowed; contracted into ridges and
furrows.

CORRUGATE
Cor"ru*gate (-gt), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Corrugated (-g`td); p. pr. &
vb. n. Corrugating (-g`tng).]

Defn: To form or shape into wrinkles or folds, or alternate ridges
and grooves, as by drawing, contraction, pressure, bending, or
otherwise; to wrinkle; to purse up; as, to corrugate plates of iron;
to corrugate the forehead. Corrugated iron, sheet iron bent into a
series of alternate ridges and grooves in parallel lines, giving it
greater stiffness.
 -- Corrugated paper, a thick, coarse paper corrugated in order to
give it elasticity. It is used as a wrapping material for fragile
articles, as bottles.

CORRUGATION
Cor`ru*ga"tion (kr`r-g"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. corrugation.]

Defn: The act corrugating; contraction into wrinkles or alternate
ridges and grooves.

CORRUGATOR
Cor"ru*ga`tor (kr"r-g`tr), n. Etym: [NL.; cf. F. corrugateur.]
(Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which contracts the skin of the forehead into
wrinkles.

CORRUGENT
Cor*ru"gent (kr-r"jent), a. (Anat.)

Defn: Drawing together; contracting; -- said of the corrugator.
[Obs.]

CORRUMP
Cor*rump" (kr-rmp"), v. t. Etym: [L. corrumpere.]

Defn: To corrupt. See Corrupt. [Obs.] Chauser.

CORRUMPABLE
Cor*rump"a*ble (--b'l), a.

Defn: Corruptible. [Obs.]

CORRUPT
Cor*rupt` (kr-rpt"), a. Etym: [L. corruptus, p. p. of corrumpere to
corrupt; cor- + rumpere to break. See Rupture.]

1. Changed from a sound to a putrid state; spoiled; tainted;
vitiated; unsound.
Who with such corrupt and pestilent bread would feed them. Knolles.

2. Changed from a state of uprightness, correctness, truth, etc., to
a worse state; vitiated; depraved; debased; perverted; as, corrupt
language; corrupt judges.
At what ease Might corrupt minds procure knaves as corrupt To swear
against you. Shak.

3. Abounding in errors; not genuine or correct; as, the text of the
manuscript is corrupt.

CORRUPT
Cor*rupt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Corrupted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Corrupting.]

1. To change from a sound to a putrid or putrescent state; to make
putrid; to putrefy.

2. To change from good to bad; to vitiate; to deprave; to pervert; to
debase; to defile.
Evil communications corrupt good manners. 1. Cor. xv. 33.

3. To draw aside from the path of rectitude and duty; as, to corrupt
a judge by a bribe.
Heaven is above all yet; there sits a Judge That no king can corrupt.
Shak.

4. To debase or render impure by alterations or innovations; to
falsify; as, to corrupt language; to corrupt the sacred text.
He that makes an ill use of it [language], though he does not corrupt
the fountains of knowledge, . . . yet he stops the pines. Locke.

5. To waste, spoil, or consume; to make worthless.
Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth, where moth and rust
doth corrupt. Matt. vi. 19.

CORRUPT
Cor*rupt" (kr-rpt"), v. i.

1. To become putrid or tainted; to putrefy; to rot. Bacon.

2. To become vitiated; to lose putity or goodness.

CORRUPTER
Cor*rupt"er (kr-rp"tr), n.

Defn: One who corrupts; one who vitiates or taints; as, a corrupter
of morals.

CORRUPTFUL
Cor*rupt"ful (-fl), a.

Defn: Tending to corrupt; full of corruption. [Obs.] "Corruptful
bribes." Spenser.

CORRUPTIBILITY
Cor*rupt`i*bil"i*ty (kr-rp`t-bl"-t), n. Etym: [L. corruptibilitas:
cf. F. corruptibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being corruptible; the possibility or liability
of being corrupted; corruptibleness. Burke.

CORRUPTIBLE
Cor*rupt"i*ble (kr-rp"t-b'l), a. Etym: [L. corruptibilis: cf. F.
corruptible.]

1. Capable of being made corrupt; subject to decay. "Our corruptible
bodies." Hooker.
Ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold. 1
Pet. i. 18.

2. Capable of being corrupted, or morally vitiated; susceptible of
depravation.
They systematically corrupt very corruptible race. Burke.
-- Cor*rupt"i*ble*ness, n.
 -- Cor*rupt"i*bly, adv.

CORRUPTIBLE
Cor*rupt"i*ble, n.

Defn: That which may decay and perish; the human body. [Archaic] 1
Cor. xv. 53.

CORRUPTINGLY
Cor*rupt"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner that corrupts.

CORRUPTION
Cor*rup"tion (kr-rp"shn), n. Etym: [F. corruption, L. corruptio.]

1. The act of corrupting or making putrid, or state of being corrupt
or putrid; decomposition or disorganization, in the process of
putrefaction; putrefaction; deterioration.
The inducing and accelerating of putrefaction is a subject of very
universal inquiry; for corruption is a reciprocal to "generation".
Bacon.

2. The product of corruption; putrid matter.

3. The act of corrupting or of impairing integrity, virtue, or moral
principle; the state of being corrupted or debased; loss of purity or
integrity; depravity; wickedness; impurity; bribery.
It was necessary, by exposing the gross corruptions of monasteries, .
. . to exite popular indignation against them. Hallam.
They abstained from some of the worst methods of corruption usual to
their party in its earlier days. Bancroft.

Note: Corruption, when applied to officers, trustees, etc., signifies
the inducing a violation of duty by means of pecuniary
considerations. Abbott.

4. The act of changing, or of being changed, for the worse; departure
from what is pure, simple, or correct; as, a corruption of style;
corruption in language. Corruption of blood (Law), taint or impurity
of blood, in consequence of an act of attainder of treason or felony,
by which a person is disabled from inheriting any estate or from
transmitting it to others.
Corruption of blood can be removed only by act of Parliament.
Blackstone.

Syn.
 -- Putrescence; putrefaction; defilement; contamination;
deprivation; debasement; adulteration; depravity; taint. See
Depravity.

CORRUPTIONIST
Cor*rup"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who corrupts, or who upholds corruption. Sydney Smith.

CORRUPTIVE
Cor*rupt"ive (kr-rp"tv), a. Etym: [L. corruptivus: cf. F. corruptif.]

Defn: Having the quality of taining or vitiating; tending to produce
corruption.
It should be endued with some corruptive quality for so speedy a
dissolution of the meat. Ray.

CORRUPTLESS
Cor*rupt"less (kr-rpt"ls), a.

Defn: Not susceptible of corruption or decay; incorruptible. Dryden.

CORRUPTLY
Cor*rupt"ly, adv.

Defn: In a corrupt manner; by means of corruption or corrupting
influences; wronfully.

CORRUPTNESS
Cor*rupt"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being corrupt.

CORRUPTRESS
Cor*rupt"ress (-rs), n.

Defn: A woman who corrupts.
Thou studied old corruptress. Beau & Fl.

CORSAC
Cor"sac (kr"sk), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The corsak.

CORSAGE
Cor"sage (kr"sj), n. Etym: [F. See Corset.]

Defn: The waist or bodice of a lady's dress; as. a low corsage.

CORSAIR
Cor"sair (kr"sr), n. Etym: [F. corsaire (cf. It. corsare, corsale,
Pr. corsari), LL. corsarius, fr. L. cursus a running, course, whence
Sp. corso cruise, corsa cruise, coasting voyage, corsear to cruise
against the enemy, to pirate, corsario cruising, a privateer
authorized to cruise against the enemy. See Course.]

1. A pirate; one who cruises about without authorization from any
government, to seize booty on sea or land.

2. A piratical vessel.
Barbary corsairs . . . infested the coast of the Mediterranean.
Prescott.

CORSAK
Cor"sak (kr"sk), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small foxlike mammal (Cynalopex corsac), found in Central
Asia. [Written also corsac.]

CORSE
Corse (krs or krs; 277), n. Etym: [OF. cors, F. corps. See Corpse.]

1. A living body or its bulk. [Obs.]
For he was strong, and of so mighty corse As ever wielded spear in
warlike hand. Spenser.

2. A corpse; the dead body of a human being. [Archaic or Poetic]
Set down the corse; or, by Saint Paul, I'll make a corse of him that
disobeys. Shak.

CORSELET
Corse"let (krs"lt), n. Etym: [F., dim. of OF. cors. F. corps, body.
See Corse.]

1. Armor for the body, as, the body breastplate and backpiece taken
together; -- also, used for the entire suit of the day, including
breastplate and backpiece, tasset and headpiece.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The thorax of an insect.

CORSEPRESENT
Corse"pres`ent (krs"prz`ent or krs"-), n. (Engl.Law)

Defn: An offering made to the church at the interment of a dead body.
Blackstone.

CORSET
Cor"set (kr"st), n. Etym: [F., dim. of OF. cors, F. corps, body. See
Corse.]

1. In the Middle Ages, a gown or basque of which the body was close
fitting, worn by both men and women.

2. An article of dress inclosing the chest and waist worn (chiefly by
women) to support the body or to modify its shape; stays.

CORSET
Cor"set (kr"st), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Corseted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Corseting.]

Defn: To inclose in corsets.

CORSLET
Cors"let (krs"lt), n.

Defn: A corselet. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

CORSNED
Cors"ned (krs"nd), n. Etym: [AS. corsn.] (AS. Laws)

Defn: The morsel of execration; a species of ordeal consisting in the
eating of a piece of bread consecrated by imprecation. If the
suspected person ate it freely, he was pronounced innocent; but if it
stuck in his throat, it was considered as a proof of his guilt.
Burril.

CORTEGE
Cor`tége" (kr`tzh"), n. Etym: [F., fr. It. corteggio train, fr. corte
court. See Court.]

Defn: A train of attendants; a procession.

CORTES
Cor"tes (kr"ts), n. pl. Etym: [Sp. & Pg., fr. corte court.]

Defn: The legislative assembly, composed of nobility, clergy, and
representatives of cities, which in Spain and in Portugal answers, in
some measure, to the Parliament of Great Britain.

CORTES GERAES
Cor"tes Ge*ra"es. [Pg.]

Defn: See Legislature, Portugal.

CORTEX
Cor"tex (kr"tks), n.; pl. Cortices (-t. Etym: [L., bark. Cf. Cork.]

1. Bark, as of a tree; hence, an outer covering.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Bark; rind; specifically, cinchona bark.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The outer or superficial part of an organ; as, the cortex or
gray exterior substance of the brain.

CORTICAL
Cor"ti*cal (kr"t-kal), a. Etym: [L. cortex bark: cf. F. cortical.]

Defn: Belonging to, or consisting of, bark or rind; resembling bark
or rind; external; outer; superficial; as, the cortical substance of
the kidney.

CORTICATE; CORTICATED
Cor"ti*cate (kr"t-kt), Cor"ti*ca`ted (-k`td), a. Etym: [L.
corticatus.]

Defn: Having a special outer covering of a nature unlike the interior
part.

CORTICIFER
Cor*tic"i*fer (kr-ts"-fr), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Gorgoniacea; -- so called because the fleshy part
surrounds a solid axis, like a bark.

CORTICIFEROUS
Cor`ti*cif"er*ous (kr`t-sf"r-s), a. Etym: [L. cortex, corticis, bark
-- -ferous: cf. F. corticif.]

1. Producing bark or something that resembling that resembles bark.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a barklike c

CORTICIFORM
Cor*tic"i*form (kr-ts"-frm), a. Etym: [L. cortex, corticis, bark + -
form: cf. F. corticiforme.]

Defn: Resembling, or having the form of, bark or rind.

CORTICINE
Cor"ti*cine (kr"t-sn), n. Etym: [F., fr. L. cortex, corticis, bark.]

Defn: A material for carpeting or floor covering, made of ground cork
and caoutchouc or India rubber.

CORTICOSE
Cor"ti*cose` (-ks`), a. Etym: [L. corticosus.]

Defn: Abounding in bark; resembling bark; barky.

CORTICOUS
Cor"ti*cous (-ks), a.

Defn: Relating to, or resembling, bark; corticose.

CORTILE
Cor"tile (kr"tl; It. kr-t"l), n. Etym: [It., fr. corte court.]

Defn: An open internal courtyard inclosed by the walls of a large
dwelling house or other large and stately building.

CORUNDUM
Co*run"dum (k-rn"dm), n.; pl. Corundums (-d. [Also corindon.] Etym:
[From Hind. kurand corundum stone.] (Min.)

Defn: The earth alumina, as found native in a crystalline state,
including sapphire, which is the fine blue variety; the oriental
ruby, or red sapphire; the oriental amethyst, or purple sapphire; and
adamantine spar, the hair-brown variety. It is the hardest substance
found native, next to the diamond.

Note: The name corundum is sometimes restricted to the non-
transparent or coarser kinds. Emery is a dark-colored granular
variety, usually admixed with magnetic iron ore.

CORUSCANT
Co*rus"cant (k-rs"kant), a. Etym: [L. coruscans, p. pr. See
Coruscate.]

Defn: Glittering in flashes; flashing. Howell.

CORUSCATE
Cor"us*cate (kr"s-kt or k-rs"kr), v. i. Etym: [L. coruscare to flash,
vibrate.]

Defn: To glitter in flashes; to flash.

Syn.
 -- To glisten; gleam; sparkle; radiate.

CORUSCATION
Cor`us*ca"tion (kr`s-k"shn), n. Etym: [L. coruscatio: cf. F.
coruscattion.]

1. A sudden flash or play of light.
A very vivid but exceeding short-lived splender, not to call
coruscation. Boyle.

2. A flash of intellectual brilliancy.
He might have illuminated his times with the incessant cor of his
genius. I. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- Flash; glitter; blaze; gleam; sparkle.

CORVE
Corve (krv), n.

Defn: See Corf.

CORVEE
Cor`vee" (kr`v" or -v"), n. Etym: [F. corvée, fr. LL. corvada,
corrogata, fr. L. corrogare to entreat togetther; cor- + rogare to
ask.] (Feudal Law)

Defn: An obligation to perform certain services, as the repair of
roads, for the lord or sovereign.

CORVEN
Cor"ven (kr"ven), obs.

Defn: p. p. of Carve. Chaucer.

CORVET; CORVETTE
Cor"vet (kr"vt), Cor*vette" (kr-vr"), n. Etym: [F. corvette, fr. Pg.
corveta or Sp. corbeta, fr. L. corbita a slow-sailing ship of burden,
fr, corbis basket. Cf. Corbeil.] (Naut.)

Defn: A war vessel, ranking next below a frigate, and having usually
only one tier of guns; -- called in the United States navy a sloop of
war.

CORVETTO
Cor*vet"to (-vt"t), n. (Min.)

Defn: A curvet. Peacham.

CORVINE
Cor"vine (kr"vn), a. Etym: [L. corvinus, fr. corvus crow.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the crow; crowlike.

CORVORANT
Cor"vo*rant (kr"v-rant), n.

Defn: See Cormorant.

CORYBANT
Cor"y*bant (kr"-bnt), n.; pl. E. Corybants (-bCorybantes (-b. Etym:
[L. Corybas, Gr.

Defn: One of the priests of Cybele in Phrygia. The rites of the
Corybants were accompanied by wild music, dancing, etc.

CORYBANTIASM
Cor`y*ban"ti*asm (-bn"t-z'm), n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A kind of frenzy in which the patient is tormented by fantastic
visions and want of sleep. Dunglison.

CORYBANTIC
Cor`y*ban"tic (kr`-bn"tk), a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the Corybantes or their
rites; frantic; frenzied; as, a corybantic dance.

CORYMB
Cor"ymb (kr"mb or -m; 220), n. Etym: [L. corymbus cluster of flowers,
Gr. (Bot.)
(a) A flat-topped or convex cluster of flowers, each on its own
footstalk, and arising from different points of a common axis, the
outermost blossoms expanding first, as in the hawthorn.
(b) Any flattish flower cluster, whatever be the order of blooming,
or a similar shaped cluster of fruit.

CORYMBED
Cor"ymbed (kr"mbd), a. (Bot.)

Defn: Corymbose.

CORYMBIFEROUS
Cor`ym*bif"er*ous (kr`m-bf"r-s), a. Etym: [L. corymbifer; corymbus a
cluster of flowers + ferre to bearcorimbif.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing corymbs of flowers or fruit.

CORYMBOSE
Co*rym"bose (k-rm"bs or kr"m-bs`), a. (Bot.)

Defn: Consisting of corymbs, or resembling them in form. [Written
also corymbous.]

CORYMBOSELY
Co*rym"bose*ly, adv.

Defn: In corymbs.

CORYPHAENOID
Cor`y*phæ"noid (kr`-f"noid), a. Etym: [NL. coruphaena + -oid.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to, or like, the genus Coryphæna. See Dolphin.

CORYPHEE
Co`ry`phee (k`r`f"), n. Etym: [F.] (Drama)

Defn: A ballet dancer.

CORYPHENE
Cor"y*phene` (kr"-fn`), n. Etym: [NL. coryphena, fr. Gr. coryph.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of the genus Coryphæna. See Dolphin. (2)

CORYPHEUS
Cor`y*phe"us (kr`-f"s), n.; pl. E. Corypheuses (-Coryphei (-f. Etym:
[L. coryphaeus, fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: The conductor, chief, or leader of the dramatic chorus; hence,
the chief or leader of a party or interest.
That noted corypheus [Dr. John Owen] of the Independent faction.
South.

CORYPHODON
Co*ryph"o*don (k-rf"-dn), n. Etym: [Gr. (Palen.)

Defn: A genus of extinct mammals from the eocene tertiary of Europe
and America. Its species varied in size between the tapir and
rhinoceros, and were allied to those animals, but had short,
plantigrade, five-toed feet, like the elephant.

CORYPHODONT
Co*ryph"o*dont (-dnt), a. (Paleon.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the genus Coryphodon.

CORYZA
Co*ry"za (k-r"z), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Nasal catarrh.

COSCINOMANCY
Cos*cin"o*man`cy (ks-sn"-mn`s or ks"s-n-), n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by means of a suspended sieve.

COSCOROBA
Cos`co*ro"ba (ks`k-r"b), n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, white, South American duck, of the genus Cascoroba,
resembling a swan.

COSECANT
Co*se"cant (k-s"knt), n. Etym: [For co. secans, an abbrev. of L.
complementi secans.] (Trig.)

Defn: The secant of the complement of an arc or angle. See Illust. of
Functions.

COSEN
Cos"en (kz"'n), v. t.

Defn: See Cozen.

COSENAGE
Cos"en*age (kz"'n-j), n.

Defn: See Cozenage.

COSENING
Cos"en*ing, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: Anything done deceitfully, and which could not be properly
designated by any special name, whether belonging to contracts or
not. Burrill.

COSENTIENT
Co*sen"tient (k-sn"shent), a.

Defn: Perceiving together.

COSEY
Co"sey (k"z), a.

Defn: See Cozy. Dickens.

COSHER
Cosh"er (ksh"r), v. t. Etym: [Ir. cosair a feast, a banquet or cf. F.
coucher to lie. Cf. Couch, Coshering.]

1. (Old Law)

Defn: To levy certain exactions or tribute upon; to lodge and eat at
the expense of. See Coshering.

2. To treat with hospitality; to pet. [Ireland]

COSHERER
Cosh"er*er (ksh"r-r), n.

Defn: One who coshers.

COSHERING
Cosh"er*ing, n. (Old Law)

Defn: A feudal prerogative of the lord of the soil entitling him to
lodging and food at his tenant's house. Burrill.
Sometimes he contrived, in deflance of the law, to live by coshering,
that is to say, by quartering himself on the old tentants of his
family, who, wretched as was their own condition, could not refuse a
portion of their pittance to one whom they still regarded as their
rightful lord. Macaulay.

COSIER
Co"sier (k"zhr), n. Etym: [Cf. OF. coussier maker of mattresses; or
couseor tailor, fr. OF. & F. coudre, p. p. cousu to sew, fr. L.
consuere to sew together; con- + seure to sew. See Sew to stitch.]

Defn: A tailor who botches his work. [Obs.] Shak.

COSIGNIFICATIVE
Co`sig*nif"i*ca*tive (k`s"), a.

Defn: Having the same signification. Cockerham.

COSIGNITARY
Co*sig"ni*ta*ry (k-sg"n-t-r), a. Etym: [Pref. co- + sign. Cf.
Signatory.]

Defn: Signing some important public document with another or with
others; as, a treaty violated by one of the cosignitary powers.

COSIGNITARY
Co*sig"ni*ta*ry, n.; pl. Cosignitaries (-r.

Defn: One who signs a treaty or public document along with others or
another; as, the cosignitaries of the treaty of Berlin.

COSILY
Co"si*ly (k"z-l), adv.

Defn: See Cozily.

COSINAGE
Cos"in*age (ks"'n-j), n. Etym: [See Cousinage.] (Law)
(a) Collateral relationship or kindred by blood; consanguinity.
Burrill.
(b) A writ to recover possession of an estate in lands, when a
stranger has entered, after the death of the grandfather's
grandfather, or other distant collateral relation. Blackstone.

COSINE
Co"sine (k"sn), n. Etym: [For co. sinus, an abbrev. of L. complementi
sinus.] (Trig.)

Defn: The sine of the complement of an arc or angle. See Illust. of
Functions.

COSMETIC; COSMETICAL
Cos*met"ic (kz-mt"k), Cos*met"ic*al (--kal), a. Etym: [Gr.
kosmitiko`s skilled in decorating, fr. ko`smos order, ornament: cf.
F. cosmétique. See Cosmos.]

Defn: Imparting or improving beauty, particularly the beauty of the
complexion; as, a cosmetical preparation.
First, robed in white, the nymph intent adores, With head uncovered,
the cosmetic powers. Pope.

COSMETIC
Cos*met"ic, n.

Defn: Any external application intended to beautify and improve the
complexion.

COSMIC; COSMICAL
Cos"mic (kz"mk), Cos"mic*al (-m-kal), a. Etym: [Gr. kosmiko`s of the
world, fr. ko`smos: cf. F. cosmique. See Cosmos.]

1. Pertaining to the universe, and having special reference to
universal law or order, or to the one grand harmonious system of
things; hence; harmonious; orderly.

2. Pertaining to the solar system as a whole, and not to the earth
alone.

3. Characteristic of the cosmos or universe; inconceivably great;
vast; as, cosmic speed. "Cosmic ranges of time." Tyndall.

4. (Astron.)

Defn: Rising or setting with the sun; -- the opposite of acronycal.

COSMICALLY
Cos"mic*al*ly, adv.

1. With the sun at rising or setting; as, a star is said to rise or
set cosmically when it rises or sets with the sun.

2. Universally. [R.] Emerson.

COSMOGONAL; COSMOGONIC; COSMOGONICAL
Cos*mog"o*nal (kz-mg"-nal), Cos`mo*gon"ic (kz`m-gn"k),
Cos`mo*gon"ic*al (-gn"-kal), a.

Defn: Belonging to cosmogony. B. Powell. Gladstone.

COSMOGONIST
Cos*mog"o*nist (kz-mg"-nst), n.

Defn: One who treats of the origin of the universe; one versed in
cosmogony.

COSMOGONY
Cos*mog"o*ny (-n), n.; pl. Cosmogonies (-n. Etym: [Gr. kosmogoni`a;
ko`smos the world + root of gi`gnesthai to be born: cf. F.
cosmogonie.]

Defn: The creation of the world or universe; a theory or account of
such creation; as, the poetical cosmogony of Hesoid; the cosmogonies
of Thales, Anaxagoras, and Plato.
The cosmogony or creation of the world has puzzled philosophers of
all ages. Goldsmith.

COSMOGRAPHER
Cos*mog"ra*pher (-r-fr), n.

Defn: One who describes the world or universe, including the heavens
and the earth.
The name of this island is nowhere found among the old and ancient
cosmographers. Robynson (More's Utopia).

COSMOGRAPHIC; COSMOGRAPHICAL
Cos`mo*graph"ic (kz`m-grf"k), Cos`mo*graph"ic*al (--kal), a. Etym:
[Cf. F. cosmographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to cosmography.

COSMOGRAPHICALLY
Cos`mo*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a cosmographic manner; in accordance with cosmography.

COSMOGRAPHY
Cos*mog"ra*phy (kz-mg"r-f), n.; pl. Cosmographies (-f. Etym: [Gr.
cosmographie.]

Defn: A description of the world or of the universe; or the science
which teaches the constitution of the whole system of worlds, or the
figure, disposition, and relation of all its parts.

COSMOLABE
Cos"mo*labe (kz"m-lb), n. Etym: [Gr. cosmolade.]

Defn: An instrument resembling the astrolabe, formerly used for
measuring the angles between heavenly bodies; -- called also
pantacosm.

COSMOLATRY
Cos*mol"a*try (kz-ml"-tr), n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Worship paid to the world. Cudworth.

COSMOLINE
Cos"mo*line (kz"m-ln), n. Etym: [Prob. fr. cosmetic + L. oleum oil.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A substance obtained from the residues of the distillation of
petroleum, essentially the same as vaseline, but of somewhat stiffer
consistency, and consisting of a mixture of the higher paraffines; a
kind of petroleum jelly.

COSMOLOGICAL
Cos`mo*log"ic*al (kz`m-lj"-kal), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to cosmology.

COSMOLOGIST
Cos*mol"o*gist (kz-ml"-jst), n.

Defn: One who describes the universe; one skilled in cosmology.

COSMOLOGY
Cos*mol"o*gy (kz-ml"-j), n. Etym: [Gr. ko`smos the world + -logy: cf.
F. cosmologie.]

Defn: The science of the world or universe; or a treatise relating to
the structure and parts of the system of creation, the elements of
bodies, the modifications of material things, the laws of motion, and
the order and course of nature.

COSMOMETRY
Cos*mom"e*try (kz-mm"-tr), n. Etym: [Gr. ko`smos the world + -metry.]

Defn: The art of measuring the world or the universe. Blount.

COSMOPLASTIC
Cos`mo*plas"tic (kz`m-pls"tk), a. Etym: [Gr. ko`smos the world +
pla`ssein to form.]

Defn: Pertaining to a plastic force as operative in the formation of
the world independently of God; world-forming. "Cosmoplastic and
hylozoic atheisms." Gudworth.

COSMOPOLITAN; COSMOPOLITE
Cos`mo*pol"i*tan (-pl"-tan), Cos*mop"o*lite (kz-mp"-lt), n. Etym:
[Gr. cosmopolitain, cosmopolite.]

Defn: One who has no fixed residence, or who is at home in every
place; a citizen of the world.

COSMOPOLITAN; COSMOPOLITE
Cos`mo*pol"i*tan, Cos*mop"o*lite, a.

1. Having no fixed residence; at home in any place; free from local
attachments or prejudices; not provincial; liberal.
In other countries taste is perphaps too exclusively national, in
Germany it is certainly too cosmopolite. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. Common everywhere; widely spread; found in all parts of the world.
The Cheiroptera are cosmopolitan. R. Owen.

COSMOPOLITANISM
Cos`mo*pol"i*tan*ism (kz`m-pl"-tan-z'm), n.

Defn: The quality of being cosmopolitan; cosmopolitism.

COSMOPOLITE
Cos*mop"o*lite (-mp"-lt), a. & n.

Defn: See Cosmopolitan.

COSMOPOLITICAL
Cos`mo*po*lit"ic*al (kz`m-p-lt"-kal), a.

Defn: Having the character of a cosmopolite. [R.] Hackluyt.

COSMOPOLITISM
Cos*mop"o*li*tism (kz-mp"-l-tz'm), n.

Defn: The condition or character of a cosmopolite; disregard of
national or local peculiarities and prejudices.

COSMORAMA
Cos`mo*ra"ma (kz`m-r"m or -r"m), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: An exhibition in which a series of views in various parts of
the world is seen reflected by mirrors through a series of lenses,
with such illumination, etc., as will make the views most closely
represent reality.

COSMORAMIC
Cos`mo*ram"ic (kz`m-rm"k), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a cosmorama.

COSMOS
Cos"mos (kz"ms), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. ko`smos order, harmony, the
world (from its perfect order and arrangement); akin to Skr. to
distinguish one's self.]

1. The universe or universality of created things; -- so called from
the order and harmony displayed in it.

2. The theory or description of the universe, as a system displaying
order and harmony. Humboldt.

COSMOSPHERE
Cos"mo*sphere (kz"m-sfr), n. Etym: [Gr. sphere.]

Defn: An apparattus for showing the position of the earth, at any
given time, with respect to the fixed stars. It consist of a hollow
glass globe, on which are depicted the stars and constellations, and
within which is a terrestrial globe.

COSMOTHEISM
Cos"mo*the`ism (kz"m-th`z'm), n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Same as Pantheism. [R.]

COSMOTHETIC
Cos`mo*thet"ic (kz`m-tht"k), a. Etym: [Gr. (Metaph.)

Defn: Assuming or positing the actual existence or reality of the
physical or external world. Cosmothetic idealists (Metaph.), those
who assume, without attempting to prove, the reality of external
objects as corresponding to, and being the ground of, the ideas of
which only the mind has direct cognizance.
The cosmothetic idealists . . . deny that mind is immediately
conscious of matter. Sir W. Hamilton.

COSOVEREIGN
Co*sov"er*eign (k-sv"r-n or k-sv"-), n.

Defn: A joint sovereign.

COSS
Coss (ks), n. Etym: [Cf. Pers. k a road measure of about two miles;
or Skr. kr.]

Defn: A Hindoo measure of distance, varying from one and a half to
two English miles. Whitworth.

COSS
Coss, n. Etym: [It. cosa.]

Defn: A thing (only in phrase below). Rule of Coss, an old name for
Algebra. Etym: [It. regola di cosa rule of thing, the unknown
quantity being called the cosa, or the thing.]

COSSACK
Cos"sack (ks"sk), n. Etym: [Russ. kozak', kazak': cf. Turk. kaz.]

Defn: One of a warlike, pastoral people, skillful as horsemen,
inhabiting different parts of the Russian empire and furnishing
valuable contingents of irregular cavalry to its armies, those of
Little Russia and those of the Don forming the principal divisions.

COSSACK POST
Cos"sack post. (Mil.)

Defn: An outpost consisting of four men, forming one of a single line
of posts substituted for the more formal line of sentinels and line
of pickets.

COSSAS
Cos"sas (ks"ss), n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Plain India muslin, of various qualities and widths.

COSSET
Cos"set (ks"st), n. Etym: [Cf. AS. cotsetla cottager, G. kossat,
kothsasse, fr. kot, koth E. (cot) hut, and cf. also E. cade, a., cot
a cade lamb.]

Defn: A lamb reared without the aid of the dam. Hence: A pet, in
general.

COSSET
Cos"set, v. t.

Defn: To treat as a pet; to fondle.
She was cosseted and posseted and prayed over and made much of. O. W.
Holmes.

COSSETTE
Cos*sette", n. [F.]

Defn: One of the small chips or slices into which beets are cut in
sugar making.

COSSIC; COSSICAL
Cos"sic (ks"sk), Cos"sic*al (-s-kal), a. Etym: [It. cossico. See 2d
Coss.]

Defn: Of or relating to algebra; as, cossic numbers, or the cossic
art. [Obs.] "Art of numbers cossical." Digges (1579).

COST
Cost (kst; 115), n. Etym: [L. costa rib. See Coast.]

1. A rib; a side; a region or coast. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
Betwixt the costs of a ship. B. Jonson.

2. (Her.)

Defn: See Cottise.

COST
Cost (kst; 115), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cost; p. pr. & vb. n. Costing.]
Etym: [OF. coster, couster, F. co, fr. L. constare to stand at, to
cost; con- + stare to stand. See Stand, and cf. Constant.]

1. To require to be given, expended, or laid out therefor, as in
barter, purchase, acquisition, etc.; to cause the cost, expenditure,
relinquishment, or loss of; as, the ticket cost a dollar; the effort
cost his life.
A d'amond gone, cost me two thousand ducats. Shak.
Though it cost me ten nights' watchings. Shak.

2. To require to be borne or suffered; to cause.
To do him wanton rites, whichcost them woe. Milton.
To cost dear, to require or occasion a large outlay of money, or much
labor, self-denial, suffering, etc.

COST
Cost, n. Etym: [OF. cost, F. co. See Cost, v. t. ]

1. The amount paid, charged, or engaged to be paid, for anything
bought or taken in barter; charge; expense; hence, whatever, as
labor, self-denial, suffering, etc., is requisite to secure benefitt.
One day shall crown the alliance on 't so please you, Here at my
house, and at my proper cost. Shak.
At less cost of life than is often expended in a skirmish, [Charles
V.] saved Europe from invasion. Prescott.

2. Loss of any kind; detriment; pain; suffering.
I know thy trains, Though dearly to my cost, thy gins and toils.
Milton.

3. pl. (Law)

Defn: Expenses incurred in litigation.

Note: Costs in actions or suits are either between attorney and
client, being what are payable in every case to the attorney or
counsel by his client whether he ultimately succeed or not, or
between party and party, being those which the law gives, or the
court in its discretion decrees, to the prevailing, against the
losing, party. Bill of costs. See under Bill.
 -- Cost free, without outlay or expense. "Her duties being to talk
French, and her privileges to live cost free and to gather scraps of
knowledge." Thackeray.

COSTA
Cos"ta (ks"t), n. Etym: [L., rib. See Coast.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A rib of an animal or a human being.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A rib or vein of a leaf, especially the midrib.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) The anterior rib in the wing of an insect.
(b) One of the riblike longitudinal ridges on the exterior of many
corals.

COSTAGE
Cost"age (kst"j; 115), n. Etym: [OF. coustage.]

Defn: Expense; cost. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COSTAL
Cos"tal (ks"tal), a. Etym: [Cf. F. costal. See Costa.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the ribs or the sides of the body; as, costal
nerves.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Relating to a costa, or rib. Costal cartilage. See Cartilage,
and Illust. of Thorax.

COSTAL-NERVED
Cos"tal-nerved` (ks"tal-nrvd`), a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the nerves spring from the midrib.

COSTARD
Cos"tard (ks"trd), n. Etym: [Prob. fr. OF. coste rib, side, F. côte,
and meaning orig., a ribbed apple, from the ribs or angles on its
sides. See Coast.]

1. An apple, large and round like the head.
Some [apples] consist more of air than water . . . ; others more of
water than wind, as your costards and pomewaters. Muffett.

2. The head; -- used contemptuously.
Try whether your costard or my bat be the harder. Shak.

COSTARDMONGER
Cos"tard*mon`ger (-mn`gr), n.

Defn: A costermonger.

COSTATE; COSTATED
Cos"tate (ks"tt), Cos"ta*ted (-t-td), a. Etym: [L. costatus, fr.
costa rib.]

Defn: Having ribs, or the appearance of ribs; (Bot.) having one or
more longitudinal ribs.

COSTEAN
Cos"tean` (ks"tn`), v. i. Etym: [Cornish cothas dropped + stean tin.]

Defn: To search after lodes. See Costeaning.

COSTEANING
Cos"tean`ing, n.

Defn: The process by which miners seek to discover metallic lodes. It
consist in sinking small pits through the superficial deposits to the
solid rock, and then driving from one pit to another across the
direction of the vein, in such manner as to cross all the veins
between the two pits.

COSTELLATE
Cos*tel"late (ks-tl"lt), a. Etym: [L. costa rib.]

Defn: Finely ribbed or costated.

COSTER
Cos"ter (ks"tr), n.Etym: [Abbrev. of costermonger.]

Defn: One who hawks about fruit, green vegetables, fish, etc.

COSTERMONGER
Cos"ter*mon`ger (ks"tr-mn`gr), n. Etym: [See Costard.]

Defn: An apple seller; a hawker of, or dealer in, any kind of fruit
or vegetables; a fruiterer. [Written also costardmonger.]

COSTIFEROUS
Cos*tif"er*ous (ks-tf"r-s), a. Etym: [Costa + -ferous.] (Anat.)

Defn: Rib-bearing, as the dorsal vertebræ.

COSTIVE
Cos"tive (ks"tv), a. Etym: [OF. costev, p. p. of costever, F.
constiper, L. constipare to press closely together, to cram; con- +
stipare to press together, cram. See Stipulate, Stiff, and cf.
Constipate.]

1. Retaining fecal matter in the bowels; having too slow a motion of
the bowels; constipated.

2. Reserved; formal; close; cold. [Obs.] "A costive brain." Prior.
"Costive of laughter." B. Jonson.
You must be frank, but without indiscretion; and close, but without
being costive. Lord Chesterfield.

3. Dry and hard; impermeable; unyielding. [Obs.]
Clay in dry seasons is costive, hardening with the sun and wind.
Mortimer.

COSTIVELY
Cos"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a costive manner.

COSTIVENESS
Cos"tive*ness, n.

1. An unnatural retention of the fecal matter of the bowels;
constipation.

2. Inability to express one's self; stiffness. [Obs.]
A reverend disputant of the same costiveness in public elocution with
myself. Wakefield.

COSTLESS
Cost"less (kst"ls; 115), a.

Defn: Costing nothing.

COSTLEWE
Cost"lewe (-l), a.

Defn: Costly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COSTLINESS
Cost"li*ness (-l-ns), n.

Defn: The quality of being costy; expensiveness; sumptuousness.

COSTLY
Cost"ly (kst"l; 115), a. Etym: [From Cost expense.]

1. Of great cost; expensive; dear.
He had fitted up his palace in the most costly and sumptuous style,
for the accomodation of the princess. Prescott.

2. Gorgeous; sumptuous. [Poetic.]
To show how costly summer was at hand. Shak.

COSTMARY
Cost"ma*ry (kst"m-r), n. Etym: [L. costum an Oriental aromatic plant
(Gr. kost, kust) + Maria Mary. Cf.Alecost.] (Bot.)

Defn: A garden plant (Chrysanthemum Balsamita) having a strong
balsamic smell, and nearly allied to tansy. It is used as a pot herb
and salad plant and in flavoring ale and beer. Called also alecost.

COSTON LIGHTS
Cos"ton lights.

Defn: Signals made by burning lights of different colors and used by
vessels at sea, and in the life-saving service; -- named after their
inventor.

COSTOTOME
Cos"to*tome (ks"t-tm), n. Etym: [Costa + Gr.

Defn: An instrument (chisel or shears) to cut the ribs and open the
thoracic cavity, in post-mortem examinations and dissections. Knight.

COSTREL
Cos"trel (ks"trl), n. Etym: [CF.W. costrel, OF. costrel, LL.
costrellum, a liquid measure, costrellus a wine cup.]

Defn: A bottle of leather, earthenware, or wood, having ears by which
it was suspended at the side. [Archaic]
A youth, that, following with a costrel, bore The means of goodly
welcome, flesh and wine. Tennyson.

COSTUME
Cos"tume` (ks"tm` or ks-tm"), n. Etym: [F. costume, It. costume
custom, dress, fr. L. consuetumen (not found), for consuetudo custom.
See Custom, and cf. Consuetude.]

1. Dress in general; esp., the distinctive style of dress of a
people, class, or period.

2. Such an arrangement of accessories, as in a picture, statue, poem,
or play, as is appropriate to the time, place, or other circumstances
represented or described.
I began last night to read Walter Scott's Lay of the Last Minstrel .
. . .I was extremely delighted with the poetical beauty of some parts
. . . .The costume, too, is admirable. Sir J. Mackintosh.

3. A character dress, used at fancy balls or for dramatic purposes.

COSTUMER
Cos"tum`er (-tm`r), n.

Defn: One who makes or deals in costumes, as for theaters, fancy
balls, etc.

CO-SUFFERER
Co-suf"fer*er (k-sf"fr-r), n.

Defn: One who suffers with another. Wycherley.

COSUPREME
Co`su*preme" (k`s-prm"), n.

Defn: A partaker of supremacy; one jointly supreme. Shak.

COSURETY
Co*sure"ty (k-shr"t; 136), n.; pl. Cosureties (-t.

Defn: One who is surety with another.

COSY
Co"sy (k"z), a.

Defn: See Cozy.

COT
Cot (kt), n. Etym: [OE. cot, cote, AS. cot, cote, cottage; akin to D.
& Icel. kot, G. koth, kot, kothe. Cf. Coat.]

1. A small house; a cottage or hut.
The sheltered cot, the cultivated farm. Goldsmith.

2. A pen, coop, or like shelter for small domestic animals, as for
sheep or pigeons; a cote.

3. A cover or sheath; as, a roller cot (the clothing of a drawing
roller in a spinning frame); a cot for a sore finger.

4. Etym: [Cf. Ir. cot.]

Defn: A small, rudely-formed boat. Bell cot. (Arch.) See under Bell.

COT
Cot (kt), n. Etym: [AS. cot cottage, bedchamber; or cf. OF. coite, F.
couette (E. quilt), LL. cottum, cottus, mattress. See Cot a cottage.]

Defn: A sleeping place of limited size; a little bed; a cradle; a
piece of canvas extended by a frame, used as a bed. [Written also
cott.]

COTANGENT
Co*tan"gent (k-tn"jent), n. Etym: [For co. tangens, an abbrev. of L.
complementi tangens. See Tangent.] (Trig.)

Defn: The tangent of the complement of an arc or angle. See Illust.
of Functions.

COTARNINE
Co*tar"nine (k-tr"nn or -nn), n. Etym: [F., fr. narcotine, by
transposition of letters.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline substance, C12H13NO3, obtained as a
product of the decomposition of narcotine. It has weak basic
properties, and is usually regarded as an alkaloid.

COTE
Cote (kt), n. Etym: [See 1st Cot.]

1. A cottage or hut. [Obs.]

2. A shed, shelter, or inclosure for small domestic animals, as for
sheep or doves.
Watching where shepherds pen their flocks, at eve, In hurdled cotes.
Milton.

COTE
Cote, v. t. Etym: [Prob. from F. c sode, OF. costet, LL. costatus,
costatum, fr. L. costu rib, side: cf. F. c to go or keep at the side
of. See Coast.]

Defn: To go side by side with; hence, to pass by; to outrun and get
before; as, a dog cotes a hare. [Obs.] Drayton.
We coted them on the way, and hither are they coming. Shak.

COTE
Cote, v. t. Etym: [See Quote.]

Defn: To quote. [Obs.] Udall.

COTEAU
Co`teau", n.; pl. Coteaux (#). [F., a hill.] [Canada & U. S.]

1. A hilly upland including the divide between two valleys; a divide.

2.  The side of a valley.

COTEMPORANEOUS
Co*tem`po*ra"ne*ous (k-tm`p-r"n-s), a. Etym: [See Contemporaneous.]

Defn: Living or being at the same time; contemporaneous.
 -- Co*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Co*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ness, n.

COTEMPORARY
Co*tem"po*ra*ry (k-tm"p-r-r), a.

Defn: Living or being at the same time; contemporary.

COTEMPORARY
Co*tem"po*ra*ry, n.; pl. Cotemporaries (-r.

Defn: One who lives at the same time with another; a contemporary.

COTENANT
Co*ten"ant (k-tn"ant), n.

Defn: A tenant in common, or a joint tenant.

COTERIE
Co`te*rie" (k`Te-r"; 277), n. Etym: [F., prob. from OF. coterie
servile tenure, fr. colier cotter; of German origin. See 1st Cot.]

Defn: A set or circle of persons who meet familiarly, as for social,
literary, or other purposes; a clique. "The queen of your coterie."
Thackeray.

COTERMINOUS
Co*ter"mi*nous (k-tr"m-ns), a. Etym: [Cf. Conterminous.]

Defn: Bordering; conterminous; -- followed by with.

COTGARE
Cot"gare` (kt"gr`), n.

Defn: Refuse wool. [Obs. or Prov.]

COTHURN
Co"thurn (k"thrn), n. Etym: [L. cothurnus, Gr. Cothurnus.]

Defn: A buskin anciently used by tragic actors on the stage; hence,
tragedy in general.
The moment had arrived when it was thought that the mask and the
cothurn might be assumed with effect. Motley.

COTHURNATE; COTHURNATED
Co*thur"nate (k-thr"nt), Co*thur"na*ted (-n-td), a.

1. Wearing a cothurn.

2. Relating to tragedy; solemn; grave.

COTHURNUS
Co*thur"nus (-ns), n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Same as Cothurn.

COTICULAR
Co*tic"u*lar (k-tk"-lr), a. Etym: [L. coticula a small touchstone,
dim. cos, cotis, whetstone.]

Defn: Pertaining to whetstones; like or suitable for whetstones.

COTIDAL
Co*tid"al (k-td"al), a.

Defn: Marking an equality in the tides; having high tide at the same
time. Cotidal lines (Phys. Geog.), lines on a map passing through
places that have high tide at the same time.

COTILLON; COTILLION
Co`til`lon" (k`t`yn" or k`tl`-;277), Co*til"lion (k-tl"yn), n. Etym:
[F. cotillon, fr. OF. cote coat, LL. cotta tunic. See Coat.]

1. A brisk dance, performed by eight persons; a quadrille.

2. A tune which regulates the dance.

3. A kind of woolen material for women's skrits.

COTINGA
Co*tin"ga (k-tn"g), n. Etym: [Native South American name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the family Cotingidæ, including numerous bright-
colored South American species; -- called also chatterers.

COTISE
Cot"ise (kt"s), n. (Her.)

Defn: See Cottise.

COTISED
Cot"ised (-st), a. (Her.)

Defn: See Cottised.

COTLAND
Cot"land (kt"lnd), n.

Defn: Land appendant to a cot or cottage, or held by a cottager or
cotter.

COTQUEAN
Cot"quean` (kt"kwn`), n. Etym: [Cot a cottage + quean.]

1. A man who busies himself with affairs which properly belong to
women. Addison.

2. A she-cuckold; a cucquean; a henhussy. [Obs.]
What, shall a husband be afraid of his wife's face We are a king,
cotquean, and we will reign in our pleasures. B. Jonson.

COTQUEANITY
Cot*quean"i*ty (kt-kwn"-t), n.

Defn: The condition, character, or conduct of a cotquean. [Obs.] B.
Jonson.

COTRUSTEE
Co`trus*tee" (k`trs-t"), n.

Defn: A joint trustee.

COTSWOLD
Cots"wold` (kts"wld`), n. Etym: [Cot a cottage or hut + wold an open
country.]

Defn: An open country abounding in sheepcotes, as in the Cotswold
hills, in Gloucestershire, England. Cotswold sheep, a long-wooled
breed of sheep, formerly common in the counties of Gloucester,
Hereford, and Worcester, Eng.; -- so called from the Cotswold Hills.
The breed is now chiefly amalgamated with others.

COTTA
Cot"ta, n. [LL. See Coat.]

1.  (Eccl.)

Defn: A surplice, in England and America usually one shorter and less
full than the ordinary surplice and with short sleeves, or sometimes
none.

2.  A kind of very coarse woolen blanket.

COTTAGE
Cot"tage (kt"tj; 48), n. Etym: [From Cot a cotttage.]

Defn: A small house; a cot; a hut.

Note: The term was formerly limited to a habitation for the poor, but
is now applied to any small tasteful dwelling; and at places of
summer resort, to any residence or lodging house of rustic
architecture, irrespective of size. Cottage allotment. See under
Alloment. [Eng.] -- Cottage cheese, the thick part of clabbered milk
strained, salted, and pressed into a ball.

COTTAGED
Cot"taged (-tjd), a.

Defn: Set or covered with cottages.
Even humble Harting's cottaged vale. Collins.

COTTAGELY
Cot"tage*ly (-tj-l), a.

Defn: Cottagelike; suitable for a cottage; rustic. [Obs.] Jer.
Taylor.

COTTAGER
Cot"ta*ger (kt"t-jr), n.

1. One who lives in a cottage.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who lives on the common, without paying any rent, or having
land of his own.

COTTER; COTTAR
Cot"ter, Cot"tar (kt"tr), n. Etym: [LL. cotarius, cottarius,
coterius. See Cot.]

Defn: A cottager; a cottier. Burns.
Through Sandwich Notch the West Wind sang Good morrow to the cotter.
Whittier.

COTTER
Cot"ter (kt"tr), n.

1. A piece of wood or metal, commonly wedge-shaped, used for
fastening together parts of a machine or structure. It is driven into
an opening through one or all of the parts.

Note: [See Illust.] In the United States a cotter is commonly called
a key.

2. A toggle.

COTTER
Cot"ter, v. t.

Defn: To fasten with a cotter.

COTTIER
Cot"ti*er (-t-r), n. Etym: [OF. cotier. See Coterie, and cf. Cotter.]

Defn: In Great Britain and Ireland, a person who hires a small
cottage, with or without a plot of land. Cottiers commonly aid in the
work of the landlord's farm. [Written also cottar and cotter.]

COTTISE
Cot"tise (kt"ts), n. Etym: [Cf. F. c side, L. costa rib.] (Her.)

Defn: A diminutive of the bendlet, containing one half its area or
one quarter the area of the bend. When a single cottise is used alone
it is often called a cost. See also Couple-close.

COTTISED
Cot"tised (-tst), a. (Her.)

Defn: Set between two cottises, -- said of a bend; or between two
barrulets, -- said of a bar or fess.

COTTOID
Cot"toid (kt"toid), a. Etym: [NL. cottus sculpin + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like a fish of the genus Cottus.
 -- n.

Defn: A fish belonging to, or resembling, the genus Cottus. See
Sculpin.

COTTOLENE
Cot"to*lene`, n.

Defn: A product from cottonseed, used as lard.

COTTON
Cot"ton (kt"t'n), n. Etym: [F. coton, Sp. algodon the cotton plant
and its wool, coton printed cotton, cloth, fr. Ar. qutun, alqutun,
cotton wool. Cf. Acton, Hacqueton.]

1. A soft, downy substance, resembling fine wool, consisting of the
unicellular twisted hairs which grow on the seeds of the cotton
plant. Long-staple cotton has a fiber sometimes almost two inches
long; short-staple, from two thirds of an inch to an inch and a half.

2. The cotton plant. See Cotten plant, below.

3. Cloth made of cotton.

Note: Cotton is used as an adjective before many nouns in a sense
which commonly needs no explanation; as, cottton bagging; cotton
clotch; cotton goods; cotton industry; cotton mill; cotton spinning;
cotton tick. Cotton cambric. See Cambric, n., 2.
 -- Cotton flannel, the manufactures' name for a heavy cotton fabric,
twilled, and with a long plush nap. In England it is called swan's-
down cotton, or Canton flannel.
 -- Cotton gin, a machine to separate the seeds from cotton, invented
by Eli Whitney.
 -- Cotton grass (Bot.), a genus of plants (Eriphorum) of the Sedge
family, having delicate capillary bristles surrounding the fruit
(seedlike achenia), which elongate at maturity and resemble tufts of
cotton.
 -- Cotton mouse (Zool.), a field mouse (Hesperomys gossypinus),
injurious to cotton crops.
 -- Cotton plant (Bot.), a plant of the genus Gossypium, of several
species, all growing in warm climates, and bearing the cotton of
commerce. The common species, originally Asiatic, is G. herbaceum.
 -- Cotton press, a building and machinery in which cotton bales are
compressed into smaller bulk for shipment; a press for baling cotton.
 -- Cotton rose (Bot.), a genus of composite herbs (Filago), covered
with a white substance resembling cotton.
 -- Cotton scale (Zoöl.), a species of bark louse (Pulvinaria
innumerabilis), which does great damage to the cotton plant.
 -- Cotton shrub. Same as Cotton plant.
 -- Cotton stainer (Zoöl.), a species of hemipterous insect
(Dysdercus suturellus), which seriously damages growing cotton by
staining it; -- called also redbug.
 -- Cotton thistle (Bot.), the Scotch thistle. See under Thistle.
 -- Cotton velvet, velvet in which the warp and woof are both of
cotton, and the pile is of silk; also, velvet made wholly of cotton.
 -- Cotton waste, the refuse of cotton mills.
 -- Cotton wool, cotton in its raw or woolly state.
 -- Cotton worm (Zool.), a lepidopterous insect (Aletia argillacea),
which in the larval state does great damage to the cotton plant by
eating the leaves. It also feeds on corn, etc., and hence is often
called corn worm, and Southern army worm.

COTTON
Cot"ton, v. i.

1. To rise with a regular nap, as cloth does. [Obs.]
It cottons well; it can not choose but bear A pretty nap. Family of
Love.

2. To go on prosperously; to succeed. [Obs.]
New, Hephestion, does not this matter cotton as I would Lyly.

3. To unite; to agree; to make friends; -- usually followed by with.
[Colloq.]
A quarrel will end in one of you being turned off, in which case it
will not be easy to cotton with another. Swift.
Didst see, Frank, how the old goldsmith cottoned in with his beggarly
companion Sir W. Scott.

4. To take a liking to; to stick to one as cotton; -- used with to.
[Slang]

COTTONADE
Cot"ton*ade` (kt"t'n-d`), n. Etym: [F. cottonade.]

Defn: A somewhat stoun and thick fabric of cotton.

COTTONARY
Cot"ton*a*ry (--r), a.

Defn: Relating to, or composed of, cotton; cottony. [Obs.]
Cottomary and woolly pillows. Sir T. Browne.

COTTON BATTING
Cot"ton bat"ting.

Defn: Cotton prepared in sheets or rolls for quilting, upholstering,
and similar purposes.

COTTONOUS
Cot"ton*ous (-s), a.

Defn: Resembling cotton. [R.] Evelyn.

COTTON SEED; COTTONSEED
Cotton seed, or, usually collectively, Cot"ton*seed`, n.

Defn: The seed of the cotton plant.

COTTONSEED MEAL
Cottonseed meal.

Defn: A meal made from hulled cotton seeds after the oil has been
expressed.

COTTONSEED OIL
Cottonseed oil.

Defn: A fixed, semidrying oil extracted from cottonseed. It is pale
yellow when pure (sp. gr., .92-.93). and is extensively used in soap
making, in cookery, and as an adulterant of other oils.

COTTON STATE
Cotton State.

Defn: Alabama; -- a nickname.

COTTONTAIL
Cot"ton*tail` (kt"t'n-tl`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American wood rabbit (Lepus sylvaticus); -- also called
Molly cottontail.

COTTONWEED
Cot"ton*weed` (-wd`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Cudweed.

COTTONWOOD
Cot"ton*wood` (-wd`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: An American tree of the genus Populus or polar, having the
seeds covered with abundant cottonlike hairs; esp., the P. monilifera
and P. angustifolia of the Western United States.

COTTONY
Cot"ton*y (-), a.

1. Covered with hairs or pubescence, like cotton; downy; nappy;
woolly.

2. Of or pertaining to cotton; resembling cotton in appearance or
character; soft, like cotton.

COTTREL
Cot"trel (kt"trl), n.

Defn: A trammel, or hook to support a pot over a fire. Knight.

COTYLA; COTYLE
Cot"y*la (kt"-l), Cot"y*le (kt"-l), n. Etym: [Gr. cotyla a measure.]
(Anat.)

Defn: A cuplike cavity or organ. Same as Acetabulum.

COTYLEDON
Cot`y*le"don (kt`-l"dn), n. Etym: [Gr.Cotyle.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the patches of villi found in some forms of placenta.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A leaf borne by the caulicle or radicle of an embryo; a seed
leaf.

Note: Many plants, as the bean and the maple, have two cotyledons,
the grasses only one, and pines have several. In one African plant
(Welwitschia) the cotyledons are permanent and grow to immense
proportions.

COTYLEDONAL
Cot`y*led"on*al (kt`-ld"n-al), a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a cotyledon.

COTYLEDONARY
Cot`y*led"on*a*ry (--r), a.

Defn: Having a cotyledon; tufted; as, the cotyledonary placenta of
the cow.

COTYLEDONOUS
Cot`y*led"on*ous (-s; 277), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a cotyledon or cotyledons; having a seed
lobe.

COTYLIFORM
Co*tyl"i*form (k-tl"-frm), a. Etym: [Cotyle + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Shaped like a cotyle or a cup.

COTYLIGEROUS
Cot`y*lig"er*ous (kt`-lj"r-s), a. Etym: [Cotyle + -gerous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having cotyles.

COTYLOID
Cot"y*loid (kt"-loid), a. Etym: [Cotyle + -oid] (Anat.)
(a) Shaped like a cup; as, the cotyloid cavity, which receives the
head of the thigh bone.
(b) Pertaining to a cotyloid cavity; as, the cotyloid ligament, or
notch.

COUCAL
Cou"cal (k"kl), n. Etym: [Prob. native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, Old World, ground cuckoo of the genus Centropus, of
several species.

COUCH
Couch (kouch), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Couched (koucht); p. pr. & vb. n.
Couching.] Etym: [F. coucher to lay down, lie down, OF. colchier, fr.
L. collocare to lay, put, place; col- + locare to place, fr. locus
place. See Locus.]

1. To lay upon a bed or other resting place.
Where unbruised youth, with unstuffed brain, Does couch his limbs,
there golden sleep doth reign. Shak.

2. To arrauge or dispose as in a bed; -- sometimes followed by the
reflexive pronoun.
The waters couch themselves as may be to the center of this globe, in
a spherical convexity. T. Burnet.

3. To lay or deposit in a bed or layer; to bed.
It is at this day in use at Gaza, to couch potsherds, or vessels of
earth, in their walls. Bacon.

4. (Paper Making)

Defn: To transfer (as sheets of partly dried pulp) from the wire
clotch mold to a felt blanket, for further drying.

5. To conceal; to include or involve darkly.
There is all this, and more, that lies naturally couched under this
allegory. L'Estrange.

6. To arrange; to place; to inlay. [Obs.] Chaucer.

7. To put into some form of language; to express; to phrase; -- used
with in and under.
A well-couched invective. Milton.
I had received a letter from Flora couched in rather cool terms.
Blackw. Mag.

8. (Med.)

Defn: To treat by pushing down or displacing the opaque lens with a
needle; as, to couch a cataract. To couch a spear or lance, to lower
to the position of attack; to place in rest.
He stooped his head, and couched his spear, And spurred his steed to
full career. Sir W. Scott.
To couch malt, to spread malt on a floor. Mortimer.

COUCH
Couch, v. i.

1. To lie down or recline, as on a bed or other place of rest; to
repose; to lie.
Where souls do couch on flowers, we 'll hand in hand. Shak.
If I court moe women, you 'll couch with moe men. Shak.

2. To lie down for concealment; to hide; to be concealed; to be
included or involved darkly.
We 'll couch in the castle ditch, till we see the light of our
fairies. Shak.
The half-hidden, hallf-revealed wonders, that yet couch beneath the
words of the Scripture. I. Taylor.

3. To bend the body, as in reverence, pain, labor, etc.; to stoop; to
crouch. [Obs.]
An aged squire That seemed to couch under his shield three-square.
Spenser.

COUCH
Couch, n. Etym: [F. couche, OF. colche, culche, fr. colchier. See
Couch, v. t. ]

1. A bed or place for repose or sleep; particularly, in the United
States, a lounge.
Gentle sleep . . . why liest thou with the vile In loathsome beds,
and leavest the kingly couch Shak.
Like one that wraps the drapery of his couch About him, and lies down
to pleasant dreams. Bryant.

2. Any place for repose, as the lair of a beast, etc.

3. A mass of steeped barley spread upon a floor to germinate, in
malting; or the floor occupied by the barley; as, couch of malt.

4. (Painting & Gilding)

Defn: A preliminary layer, as of color, size, etc.

COUCHANCY
Couch"an*cy (kouch"an-s), n.

Defn: State of lying down for repose. [R.]

COUCHANT
Couch"ant (kouch"ant), a. Etym: [F., p. pr. of coucher. See Couch, v.
t.]

1. Lying down with head erect; squatting.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Lying down with the head raised, which distinguishes the
posture of couchant from that of dormant, or sleeping; -- said of a
lion or other beast. Couchant and levant (Law), rising up and lying
down; -- said of beasts, and indicating that they have been long
enough on land, not belonging to their owner, to lie down and rise up
to feed, -- such time being held to include a day and night at the
least. Blackstone.

COUCHE
Cou`ché" (k`sh"), a. Etym: [F., p. p. of coucher. See Couch, v. t. ]
(Her.)
(a) Not erect; inclined; -- said of anything that is usually erect,
as an escutcheon.
(b) Lying on its side; thus, a chevron couché is one which emerges
from one side of the escutcheon and has its apex on the opposite
side, or at the fess point.

COUCHED
Couched (koucht), a. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Couch.

COUCHEE
Cou"chee (k"sh; F. k"sh"), n. Etym: [F. couch a sleeping place from
coucher. See Couch, v. t. ]

Defn: A reception held at the time of going to bed, as by a sovereign
or great prince. [Obs.] Dryden.
The duke's levees and couchees were so crowded that the antechambers
were full. Bp. Burnet.

COUCHER
Couch"er (kouch"r), n.

1. One who couches.

2. (Paper Manuf.)

Defn: One who couches paper.

3. Etym: [Cf. L. collectarius.] (O. Eng. Law)
(a) A factor or agent resident in a country for traffic. Blount. (b)
The book in which a corporation or other body registers its
particular acts. [Obs.] Cowell.

COUCH GRASS
Couch" grass` (grs`). (Bot.)

Defn: See Quitch grass.

COUCHING
Couch"ing, n.

1. (Med.)

Defn: The operation of putting down or displacing the opaque lens in
cataract.

2. Embroidering by laying the materials upon the surface of the
foundation, instead of drawing them through.

COUCHLESS
Couch"less (kouch"ls), a.

Defn: Having no couch or bed.

COUDEE
Cou"dee (k"d; F. k`d"), n. Etym: [F. coud, from coude elbow.]

Defn: A measure of length; the distance from the elbow to the end of
the middle finger; a cubit.

COUGAR
Cou"gar (k"gr), n. Etym: [F. couguar, from the native name in the
South American dialects, cuguacuara, cuguacuarana.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American feline quadruped (Felis concolor), resembling the
African panther in size and habits. Its color is tawny, without
spots; hence writers often called it the American lion. Called also
puma, panther, mountain lion, and catamount. See Puma.

COUGH
Cough (kf), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Coughed (kft); p. pr. & vb. n.
Coughing.] Etym: [Cf. D. kuchen, MHG. k to breathe, G. keuchen to
pant, and E. chincough, the first part of which is prob. akin to
cough; cf. also E. choke.]

Defn: To expel air, or obstructing or irritating matter, from the
lungs or air passages, in a noisy and violent manner.

COUGH
Cough, v. t.

1. To expel from the lungs or air passages by coughing; -- followed
by up; as, to cough up phlegm.

2. To bring to a specified state by coughing; as, he coughed himself
hoarse. To cough down, to silence or put down (an objectionable
speaker) by simulated coughing.

COUGH
Cough, n. Etym: [Cg. D. kuch. See Cough, v. i. ]

1. A sudden, noisy, and violent expulsion of air from the chest,
caused by irritation in the air passages, or by the reflex action of
nervous or gastric disorder, etc.

2. The more or less frequent repetition of coughing, constituting a
symptom of disease. Stomach cough, Ear cough, cough due to irritation
in the stomach or ear.

COUGHER
Cough"er (kf"r), n.

Defn: One who coughs.

COUHAGE
Cou"hage (kou"j), n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Cowhage.

COULD
Could (kd), imp. of Can. Etym: [OF. coude. The l was inserted by
mistake, under the influence of should and would.]

Defn: Was, should be, or would be, able, capable, or susceptible.
Used as an auxiliary, in the past tense or in the conditional
present.

COULEE
Cou`lee" (k`l"), n. Etym: [F. coulée, fr. couler to run or flow.]

Defn: A stream; (Geol.)

Defn: a stream of lava. Also, in the Western United States, the bed
of a stream, even if dry, when deep and having inclined sides;
distinguished from a cañon, which has precipitous sides.

COULEUR
Cou`leur", n. [F.]

1. Color; -- chiefly used in a few French phrases, as couler de rose,
color of rose; and hence, adjectively, rose-colored; roseate.

2.  A suit of cards, as hearts or clubs; --used in some French games.

COULISSE
Cou*lisse" (k-ls"; F. k`ls"), n. Etym: [F., fr. couler to flow,
glide.]

1. A piece of timber having a groove in which something glides.

2. One of the side scenes of the stage in a theater, or the space
included between the side scenes.

COULOIR
Cou`loir" (k`lwr"), n. Etym: [F., a strainer.]

1. A deep gorge; a gully.

2. (Hydraul. Engin.)

Defn: A dredging machine for excavating canals, etc.

COULOMB
Cou`lomb" (k`ln"), n. Etym: [From Coulomb, a French physicist and
electrican.] (Physics)

Defn: The standard unit of quantity in electrical measurements. It is
the quantity of electricity conveyed in one second by the current
produced by an electro-motive force of one volt acting in a circuit
having a resistance of one ohm, or the quantitty transferred by one
ampère in one second. Formerly called weber.

COULOMB METER
Cou`lomb" me"ter. (Elec.)

Defn: Any instrument by which electricity can be measured in
coulombs.

COULOMB'S LAW
Cou`lomb's" law. (Physics)

Defn: The law that the force exerted between two electric or magnetic
charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and
inversely to the square of the distance between them.

COULTER
Coul"ter (kl"tr), n.

Defn: Same as Colter.

COULTERNEB
Coul"ter*neb` (-nb`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The puffin.

COULURE
Cou*lure", n. [F., prop., a dropping.] (Hort.)

Defn: A disease affecting grapes, esp. in California, manifested by
the premature dropping of the fruit.

COUMARIC
Cou*mar"ic (k-mr"k), a.

Defn: Relating to, derived from, or like, the Dipterix odorata, a
tree of Guiana. Coumaric acid (Chem.), one of a series of aromatic
acids, related to cinnamic acid, the most important of which is a
white crystalline substance, HO.C6H4.C2H2.CO2H, obtained from the
tonka bean, sweet clover, etc., and also produced artifically.

COUMARIN
Cou"ma*rin (k"m-rn), n. Etym: [F., fr. coumarou, a tree of Guiana.]
(Chem.)

Defn: The concrete essence of the tonka bean, the fruit of Dipterix
(formerly Coumarouna) odorata and consisting essentially of coumarin
proper, which is a white crystalline substance, C9H6O2, of vanilla-
like odor, regarded as an anhydride of coumaric acid, and used in
flavoring. Coumarin in also made artificially.

COUMAROU
Cou"ma*rou, n. [See Coumarin.] (Bot.)

Defn: The tree (Dipteryx odorata) which bears the tonka bean; also,
the bean itself.

COUNCIL
Coun"cil (koun"sl), n. Etym: [F. concile, fr. L. concilium; con- +
calare to call, akin to Gr. hale, v., haul. Cf. Conciliate. This word
is often confounded with counsel, with which it has no connection.]

1. An assembly of men summoned or convened for consultation,
deliberation, or advice; as, a council of physicians for consultation
in a critical case.

2. A body of man elected or appointed to constitute an advisory or a
legislative assembly; as, a governor's council; a city council.
An old lord of the council rated me the other day. Shak.

3. Act of deliberating; deliberation; consultation.
Satan . . . void of rest, His potentates to council called by night.
Milton.
O great in action and in council wise. Pope.
Aulic council. See under Aulic.
 -- Cabinet council. See under Cabinet.
 -- City council, the legislative branch of a city government,
usually consisting of a board of aldermen and common council, but
sometimes otherwise constituted.
 -- Common council. See under Common.
 -- Council board, Council table, the table round which a council
holds consultation; also, the council itself in deliberation.
 -- Council chamber, the room or apartment in which a council meets.
 -- Council fire, the ceremonial fire kept burning while the Indians
hold their councils. [U.S.] Barilett.
 -- Council of war, an assembly of officers of high rank, called to
consult with the commander in chief in regard to measures or
importance or nesessity.
 -- Ecumenical council (Eccl.), an assembly of prelates or divines
convened from the whole body of the church to regulate matters of
doctrine or discipline.
 -- Executive council, a body of men elected as advisers of the chief
magistrate, whether of a State or the nation. [U.S.] -- Legislative
council, the upper house of a legislature, usually called the senate.
 -- Privy council. See under Privy. [Eng.]

Syn.
 -- Assembly; meeting; congress; diet; parliament; convention;
convocation; synod.

COUNCILIST
Coun"cil*ist (koun"sl-st), n.

Defn: One who belong to a council; one who gives an opinion. [Obs.]
I will in three months be an expert counsilist. Milton.

COUNCILMAN
Coun"cil*man (koun`sl-man), n.; pl. Councilmen (-men).

Defn: A member of a council, especially of the common council of a
city; a councilor.

COUNCILOR
Coun"cil*or (koun"sl-r), n.

Defn: A member of a council. [Written also councillor.]

Note: The distinction between councilor, a member of a council, and
counselor, one who gives councel, was not formerly made, but is now
very generally recognized and observed.

CO-UNE
Co`-une" (k`n"), v. t. Etym: [L. co- + unus one.]

Defn: To combine or unite. [Obs.] "Co-uned together." Feltham.

CO-UNITE
Co`-u*nite" (k`-nt"), v. t.

Defn: To unite. [Obs.]

CO-UNITE
Co`-u*nite", a.

Defn: United closely with another. [Obs.]

COUNSEL
Coun"sel (koun"sl), n. Etym: [OE. conc, F. conseil, fr. L. consilium,
fr. the root of consulere to consult, of uncertain origin. Cf.
Consult, Consul.]

1. Interchange of opinions; mutual advising; consultation.
All the chief priest and elders of the people took counsel against
Jesus, to put him to death. Matt. xxvii. 1.

2. Examination of consequences; exercise of deliberate judgment;
prudence.
They all confess, therefore, in the working of that first cause, that
counsel is used. Hooker.

3. Result of consultation; advice; instruction.
I like thy counsel; well hast thou advised. Shak.
It was ill counsel had misled the girl. Tennyson.

4. Deliberate purpose; design; intent; scheme; plan.
The counsel of the Lord standeth forever. Ps. xxxiii. 11.
The counsels of the wicked are deceit. Prov. xii. 5.

5. A secret opinion or purpose; a private matter.
Thilke lord . . . to whom no counsel may be hid. Gower.

6. One who gives advice, especially in legal matters; one
professionally engaged in the trial or management of a cause in
court; also, collectively, the legal advocates united in the
management of a case; as, the defendant has able counsel.
The King found his counsel as refractory as his judges. Macaulay.

Note: The some courts a distinction is observed between the attorney
and the counsel in a cause, the former being employed in the
management iof the more mechanical parts of the suit, the latter in
attending to the pleadings, managing the cause at the trial, and in
applying the law to the exigencies of the case during the whole
progress of the suit. In other courts the same person can exercise
the powers of each. See Attorney. Kent. In counsel, in secret. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
 -- To keep counsel, or To keep one's own counsel, to keep one's
thoughts, purposes, etc., undisclosed.
The players can not keep counsel: they 'll tell all. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Advice; consideration; consultation; purpose; scheme; opinion.

COUNSEL
Coun"sel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Counseled (-sld) or Counselled; p. pr.
& vb. n. Counseling or Counselling.] Etym: [OE. conseilen,
counseilen, F. conseiller, fr. L. consiliari, fr. consilium counsel.]

1. To give advice to; to advice, admonish, or instruct, as a person.
Good sir, I do in friendship counsel you To leave this place. Shak.

2. To advise or recommend, as an act or course.
They who counsel war. Milton.
Thus Belial, with words clothed in reson's garb, Counseled ignoble
ease and peaceful sloth. Milton.

COUNSELABLE
Coun"sel*a*ble (--b'l), a. Etym: [Written also counsellable.]

1. Willing to receive counsel or follow advice. [R.]
Few men of so great parts were upon all occasions more counselable
than he. Clarendon.

2. Suitable to be advised; advisable, wise. [Obs.]
He did not believe it counselable. Clarendon.

COUNSELOR
Coun"sel*or (koun"sl-r), n. [Written also counsellor.] Etym: [OE.
conseiler, F. conseiller, fr. L. consiliarius, fr. consilium
counsel.]

1. One who counsels; an adviser.
Can he that speaks with the tongue of an enemy be a good counselor,
or no Shak.

2. A member of council; one appointed to advise a sovereign or chief
magistrate.

Note: [See under Consilor.]

3. One whose profession is to give advice in law, and manage causes
for clients in court; a barrister.
Good counselors lack no clients. Shak.

COUNSELORSHIP
Coun"sel*or*ship (koun"sl-r-shp), n.

Defn: The function and rank or office of a counselor. Bacon.

COUNT
Count (kount), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Counted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Counting.] Etym: [OF. conter, and later (etymological spelling)
compter, in modern French thus distinguished; conter to relate (cf.
Recount, Account), compter to count; fr. L. computuare to reckon,
compute; com- + putare to reckon, settle, order, prune, orig., to
clean. See Pure, and cf. Compute.]

1. To tell or name one by one, or by groups, for the purpose of
ascertaining the whole number of units in a collection; to number; to
enumerate; to compute; to reckon.
Who can count the dust of Jacob Num. xxiii. 10.
In a journey of forty miles, Avaux counted only three miserable
cabins. Macaulay.

2. To place to an account; to ascribe or impute; to consider or
esteem as belonging.
Abracham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness.
Rom. iv. 3.

3. To esteem; to account; to reckon; to think, judge, or consider.
I count myself in nothing else so happy As in a soul remembering my
good friends. Shak.
To count out. (a) To exclude (one) will not particapate or cannot be
depended upon. (b) (House of Commons) To declare adjourned, as a
sitting of the House, when it is ascertained that a quorum is not
present. (c) To prevent the accession of (a person) to office, by a
fraudulent return or count of the votes cast; -- said of a candidate
really elected. [Colloq.]

Syn.
 -- To calculate; number; reckon; compute; enumerate. See Calculate.

COUNT
Count, v. i.

1. To number or be counted; to possess value or carry weight; hence,
to increase or add to the strength or influence of some party or
interest; as, every vote counts; accidents count for nothing.
This excellent man . . . counted among the best and wisest of English
statesmen. J. A. Symonds.

2. To reckon; to rely; to depend; -- with on or upon.
He was brewer to the palace; and it was apprehended that the
government counted on his voice. Macaulay.
I think it a great error to count upon the genius of a nation as a
standing argument in all ages. Swift.

3. To take account or note; -- with of. [Obs.] "No man counts of her
beauty." Shak.

4. (Eng. Law)

Defn: To plead orally; to argue a matter in court; to recite a count.
Burrill.

COUNT
Count, n. Etym: [F. conte and compte, with different meanings, fr. L.
computus a computation, fr. computare. See Count, v. t.]

1. The act of numbering; reckoning; also, the number ascertained by
counting.
Of blessed saints for to increase the count. Spenser.
By this count, I shall be much in years. Shak.

2. An object of interest or account; value; estimation. [Obs.] "All
his care and count." Spenser.

3. (Law)

Defn: A formal statement of the plaintiff's case in court; in a more
technical and correct sense, a particular allegation or charge in a
declaration or indictment, separately setting forth the cause of
action or prosecution. Wharton.

Note: In the old law books, count was used synonymously with
declaration. When the plaintiff has but a single cause of action, and
makes but one statement of it, that statement is called indifferently
count or declaration, most generally, however, the latter. But where
the suit embraces several causes, or the plaintiff makes several
different statements of the same cause of action, each statement is
called a count, and all of them combined, a declaration. Bouvier.
Wharton.

COUNT
Count, n. Etym: [F. conte, fr. L. comes, comitis, associate,
companion, one of the imperial court or train, properly, one who goes
with another; com- + ire to go, akin to Skr. i to go.]

Defn: A nobleman on the continent of Europe, equal in rank to an
English earl.

Note: Though the tittle Count has never been introduced into Britain,
the wives of Earls have, from the earliest period of its history,
been designated as Countesses. Brande & C. Count palatine. (a)
Formerly, the proprietor of a county who possessed royal prerogatives
within his county, as did the Earl of Chester, the Bishop of Durham,
and the Duke of Lancaster. [Eng.] See County palatine, under County.
(b) Originally, a high judicial officer of the German emperors;
afterward, the holder of a fief, to whom was granted the right to
exercise certain imperial powers within his own domains. [Germany]

COUNTABLE
Count"a*ble (--b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being numbered.

COUNTENANCE
Coun"te*nance (koun"t-nans), n. Etym: [OE. contenance, countenaunce,
demeanor, composure, F. contenance demeanor, fr. L. continentia
continence, LL. also, demeanor, fr. L. continere to hold together,
repress, contain. See Contain, and cf. Continence.]

1. Appearance or expression of the face; look; aspect; mien.
So spake the Son, and into terror changed His countenance. Milton.

2. The face; the features.
In countenance somewhat doth resemble you. Shak.

3. Approving or encouraging aspect of face; hence, favor, good will,
support; aid; encouragement.
Thou hast made him . . . glad with thy countenance. Ps. xxi. 6.
This is the magistrate's peculiar province, to give countenance to
piety and virtue, and to rebuke vice. Atterbury.

4. Superficial appearance; show; pretense. [Obs.]
The election being done, he made countenance of great discontent
thereat. Ascham.
In countenance, in an assured condition or aspect; free from shame or
dismay. "It puts the learned in countenance, and gives them a place
among the fashionable part of mankind." Addison.
 -- Out of countenance, not bold or assured; confounded; abashed.
"Their best friends were out of countenance, because they found that
the imputations . . . were well grounded." Clarendon.
 -- To keep the countenance, to preserve a composed or natural look,
undisturbed by passion or emotion. Swift.

COUNTENANCE
Coun"te*nance (koun"t-nans), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Countenanced (-
nanst); p. pr. & vb. n. Countenancing.]

1. To encourage; to favor; to approve; to aid; to abet.
This conceit, though countenanced by learned men, is not made out
either by experience or reason. Sir T. Browne.
Error supports custom, custom countenances error. Milton.

2. To make a show of; to pretend. [Obs.]
Which to these ladies love did countenance. Spenser.

COUNTENANCER
Coun"te*nan*cer (-nan-sr), n.

Defn: One who countenances, favors, or supports.

COUNTER
Coun"ter (koun"tr-).

Note: [See Counter, adv. ]

Defn: A prefix meaning contrary, opposite, in opposition; as,
counteract, counterbalance, countercheck. See Counter, adv. & a.

COUNTER
Count"er (koun"tr), n. Etym: [OE. countere, countour, a counter (in
sense 1), OF. contere, conteor, fr. conter to count. See Count, v. t.
]

1. One who counts, or reckons up; a calculator; a reckoner.

2. A piece of metal, ivory, wood, or bone, used in reckoning, in
keeping account of games, etc.
The old gods of our own race whose names . . . serve as counters
reckon the days of the week. E. B. Tylor.
What comes the wool to . . . I can not do it witthout counters. Shak.

3. Money; coin; -- used in contempt. [Obs.]
To lock such rascal counters from his friends. Shak.

4. A prison; either of two prisons formerly in London.
Anne Aysavugh . . . imprisoned in the Counter. Fuller.

5. A telltale; a contrivance attached to an engine, printing press,
or other machine, for the purpose of counting the revolutions or the
pulsations. Knight.

COUNTER
Coun"ter, n. Etym: [OE. countour, OF. contouer, comptouer, F.
comptoir, LL. computatorium, prop., a computing place, place of
accounts, fr. L. computare. See Count, v. t.]

Defn: A table or board on which money is counted and over which
business is transacted; a long, narrow table or bench, on which goods
are laid for examination by purchasers, or on which they are weighed
or measured.

COUNTER
Coun"ter, adv. Etym: [F. contre, fr. L. contra against. Cf. Contra-.]

1. Contrary; in opposition; in an opposite direction; contrariwise; -
- used chiefly with run or go.
Running counter to all the rules of virtue. Locks.

2. In the wrong way; contrary to the right course; as, a hound that
runs counter.
This is counter, you false Danish dogs! Shak.

3. At or against the front or face. [R.]
Which [darts] they never throw counter, but at the back of the flier.
Sandys.

COUNTER
Coun"ter, a.

Defn: Contrary; opposite; contrasted; opposed; adverse; antagonistic;
as, a counter current; a counter revolution; a counter poison; a
counter agent; counter fugue. "Innumerable facts attesting the
counter principle." I. Taylor. Counter approach (Fort.), a trench or
work pushed forward from defensive works to meet the approaches of
besiegers. See Approach.
 -- Counter bond (Law), in old practice, a bond to secure one who has
given bond for another.
 -- Counter brace. See Counter brace, in Vocabulary.
 -- Counter deed (Law), a secret writing which destroys, invalidates,
or alters, a public deed.
 -- Counter distinction, contradistinction. [Obs.] -- Counter drain,
a drain at the foot of the embankment of a canal or watercourse, for
carrying off the water that may soak through.
 -- Counter extension (Surg.), the fixation of the upper part of a
limb, while extension is practiced on the lower part, as in cases of
luxation or fracture.
 -- Counter fissure (Surg.) Same as Contrafissure.
 -- Counter indication. (Med.) Same as Contraindication.
 -- Counter irritant (Med.), an irritant to produce a blister, a
pustular eruption, or other irritation in some part of the body, in
order to relieve an existing irritation in some other part. "Counter
irritants are of as great use in moral as in physical diseases."
Macaulay.
 -- Counter irritation (Med.), the act or the result of applying a
counter irritant.
 -- Counter opening, an aperture or vent on the opposite side, or in
a different place. -Counter parole (Mil.), a word in addition to the
password, given in time of alarm as a signal.
 -- Counter plea (Law), a replication to a plea. Cowell.
 -- Counter pressure, force or pressure that acts in a contrary
direction to some other opposing pressure.
 -- Counter project, a project, scheme, or proposal brought forward
in opposition to another, as in the negotiation of a treaty. Swift.
 -- Counter proof, in engraving, a print taken off from another just
printed, which, by being passed through the press, gives a copy in
reverse, and of course in the same position as that of plate from
which the first was printed, the object being to enable the engraver
to inspect the state of the plate.
 -- Counter revolution, a revolution opposed to a former one, and
restoring a former state of things.
 -- Counter revolutionist, one engaged in, or befriending, a counter
revolution.
 -- Counter round (Mil.), a body of officers whose duty it is to
visit and inspect the rounds and sentinels.
 -- Counter sea (Naut.), a sea running in an opposite direction from
the wind.
 -- Counter sense, opposite meaning.
 -- Counter signal, a signal to answer or correspond to another.
 -- Counter signature, the name of a secretary or other officer
countersigned to a writing. . Tooke.
 -- Counter slope, an overhanging slope; as, a wall with a counter
slope. Mahan.
 -- Counter statement, a statement made in opposition to, or denial
of, another statement.
 -- Counter surety, a counter bond, or a surety to secure one who has
given security.
 -- Counter tally, a tally corresponding to another.
 -- Counter tide, contrary tide.

COUNTER
Coun"ter, n. Etym: [See Counter, adv., Contra.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The after part of a vessel's body, from the water line to the
stern, -- below and somewhat forward of the stern proper.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Same as Contra. Formerly used to designate any under part which
served for contrast to a principal part, but now used as equivalent
to counter tenor.

3. (Far.)

Defn: The breast, or thet part of a horse between the shoulders and
under the neck.

4. The back leather or heel part of a boot.

COUNTER
Coun"ter (koun"tr), n.

Defn: An encounter. [Obs.]
With kindly counter under mimic shade. Spenser.

COUNTER
Coun"ter, v. i. (Boxing)

Defn: To return a blow while receiving one, as in boxing.
His left hand countered provokingly. C. Kingsley.

COUNTERACT
Coun`ter*act" (koun`tr-kt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Counteracted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Counteracting.]

Defn: To act in opposition to; to hinder, defeat, or frustrate, by
contrary agency or influence; as, to counteract the effect of
medicines; to counteract good advice.

COUNTERACTION
Coun`ter*ac"tion (koun`tr-k"shn), n.

Defn: Action in opposition; hindrance resistance.
[They] do not . . . overcome the counteraction of a false principle
or of stubborn partiality. Johnson.

COUNTERACTIVE
Coun`ter*act"ive (-kt"v), a.

Defn: Tending to counteract.

COUNTERACTIVE
Coun`ter*act"ive, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, counteracts.

COUNTERACTIVELY
Coun`ter*act"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: By counteraction.

COUNTERBALANCE
Coun`ter*bal"ance (-bl"ans), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Counterbalanced (-
anst); p. pr. & vb. n. Counterbalancing.]

Defn: To oppose with an equal weight or power; to counteract the
power or effect of; to countervail; to equiponderate; to balance.
The remaining air was not able to counterbalance the mercurial
cylinder. Boyle.
The cstudy of mind is necessary to counterbalance and correct the
influence of the study of nature. Sir W. Hamilton.

COUNTERBALANCE
Coun"ter*bal`ance (koun"tr-bl`ans), n.

Defn: A weight, power, or agency, acting against or balancing
another; as:
(a) A mass of metal in one side of a driving wheel or fly wheel, to
balance the weight of a crank pin, etc., on the opposite side of the
wheel.
(b) A counterpoise to balance the weight of anything, as of a
drawbridge or a scale beam.
Money is the counterbalance to all other things purchasable by it.
Locke.

COUNTERBORE
Coun"ter*bore` (-br`), n.

1. A flat-bottomed cylindrical enlargement of the mouth of a hole,
usually of slight depth, as for receiving a cylindrical screw head.

2. A kind of pin drill with the cutting edge or edges normal to the
axis; -- used for enlarging a hole, or for forming a flat-bottomed
recess at its mouth.

COUNTERBORE
Coun`ter*bore" (koun`tr-br"), v. t.

Defn: To form a counterbore in, by boring, turning, or drilling; to
enlarge, as a hole, by means of a counterbore.

COUNTER BRACE
Coun"ter brace` (brs`).

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The brace of the fore-topsail on the leeward side of a vessel.

2. (Engin.)

Defn: A brace, in a framed structure, which resists a strain of a
character opposite to that which a main brace is designed to receive.

Note: In a quadrilateral system of bracing, the main brace is usually
in the direction of one diagonal, and the counter brace in the
direction of the other. Strains in counter braces are occasioned by
the live load only, as, in a roof, by the wind, or, in a bridge, by a
moving train.

COUNTERBRACE
Coun"ter*brace`, v. t.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: To brace in opposite directions; as, to counterbrace the yards,
i. e., to brace the head yards one way and the after yards another.

2. (Engin.)

Defn: To brace in such a way that opposite strains are resisted; to
apply counter braces to.

COUNTERBUFF
Coun`ter*buff" (koun`tr-bf"), v. t.

Defn: To strike or drive back or in an opposite direction; to stop by
a blow or impulse in front. Dryden.

COUNTERBUFF
Coun"ter*buff` (koun"tr-bf`), n.

Defn: A blow in an opposite direction; a stroke that stops motion or
cause a recoil.

COUNTERCAST
Coun"ter*cast` (koun"tr-kst`), n.

Defn: A trick; a delusive contrivance. [Obs.] Spenser.

COUNTERCASTER
Coun"ter*cast`er (-r), n.

Defn: A caster of accounts; a reckoner; a bookkeeper; -- used
conteptuously.

COUNTERCHANGE
Coun`ter*change" (koun`tr-chnj), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Counterchanged
(-chnjd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Counterchanging.]

1. To give and receive; to cause to change places; to exchange.

2. To checker; to diversify, as in heraldic counterchanging. See
Counterchaged, a., 2.
With-elms, that counterchange the floor Of this flat lawn with dusk
and bright. Tennyson.

COUNTERCHANGE
Coun"ter*change` (koun"tr-chnj`), n.

Defn: Exchange; reciprocation.

COUNTERCHANGED
Coun`ter*changed" (-chnjd"), a.

1. Exchanged.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Having the tinctures exchanged mutually; thus, if the field is
divided palewise, or and azure, and cross is borne counterchanged,
that part of the cross which comes on the azure side will be or, and
that on the or side will be azure.

COUNTERCHARGE
Coun"ter*charge` (koun"tr-chrj`), n.

Defn: An opposing charge.

COUNTERCHARM
Coun`ter*charm" (koun`tr-chrm"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Countercharmed
(-chrmd`); p. pr. & vb. n. Countercharming.]

Defn: To destroy the effect of a charm upon.

COUNTERCHARM
Coun"ter*charm` (koun"tr-chrm`), n.

Defn: That which has the power of destroying the effect of a charm.

COUNTERCHECK
Coun`ter*check" (koun`tr-chk"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Counterchecked (-
chckt"); p. pr. & vb. n. Counterchecking.]

Defn: To oppose or check by some obstacle; to check by a return
check.

COUNTERCHECK
Coun"ter*check` (koun"tr-chk`), n.

1. A check; a stop; a rebuke, or censure to check a reprover.

2. Any force or device designed to restrain another restraining
force; a check upon a check.
The system of checks and counterchecks. J. H. Newton.

COUNTERCLAIM
Coun"ter*claim` (-klm`), n. (Law)

Defn: A claim made by a person as an offset to a claim made on him.

COUNTER-COMPONY
Coun"ter-com*po`ny (-km-p`n), a. (Her.)

Defn: See Compony.

COUNTER-COUCHANT
Coun"ter-couch`ant (koun"tr-kouch"ant), a. (Her.)

Defn: Lying down, with their heads in opposite directions; -- said of
animals borne in a coat of arms.

COUNTER-COURANT
Coun"ter-cou*rant" (-k-rnt"), a. (Her.)

Defn: Running in opposite directions; -- said of animals borne in a
coast of arms.

COUNTERCURRENT
Coun"ter*cur`rent (koun"tr-kr`-rent), a.

Defn: Running in an opposite direction.

COUNTERCURRENT
Coun"ter*cur`rent, n.

Defn: A current running in an opposite direction to the main current.

COUNTERDRAW
Coun`ter*draw" (koun`tr-dr"), v. t. [imp. Counterdrew (-dr"); p. p.
Counterdrawn (-drn"); p. pr. & vb. n. Counterdrawing.]

Defn: To copy, as a design or painting, by tracing with a pencil on
oiled paper, or other transparent substance.

COUNTERFAISANCE
Coun"ter*fai"sance (koun"tr-f"zans), n.

Defn: See Counterfesance. [Obs.]

COUNTERFEIT
Coun"ter*feit (koun"tr-ft), a. Etym: [F. contrefait, p. p. of
contrefaire to counterfeit; contre (L. contra) + faire to make, fr.
L. facere. See Counter, adv., and Fact.]

1. Representing by imitation or likeness; having a resemblance to
something else; portrayed.
Look here upon this picture, and on this-The counterfeit presentment
of two brothers. Shak.

2. Fabricated in imitation of something else, with a view to defraud
by passing the false copy for genuine or original; as, counterfeit
antiques; counterfeit coin. "No counterfeit gem." Robinson (More's
Utopia).

3. Assuming the appearance of something; false; spurious; deceitful;
hypocritical; as, a counterfeit philanthropist. "An arrant
counterfeit rascal." Shak.

Syn.
 -- Forged; fictitious; spurious; false.

COUNTERFEIT
Coun"ter*feit, n.

1. That which resembles or is like another thing; a likeness; a
portrait; a counterpart.
Thou drawest a counterfeit Best in all Athens. Shak.
Even Nature's self envied the same, And grudged to see the
counterfeit should shame The thing itself. Spenser.

2. That which is made in imitation of something, with a view to
deceive by passing the false for the true; as, the bank note was a
counterfeit.
Never call a true piece of gold a counterfeit. Shak.
Some of these counterfeits are fabricated with such exquisite taste
and skill, that it is the achievement of criticism to distinguish
them from originals. Macaulay.

3. One who pretends to be what he is not; one who personates another;
an impostor; a cheat.
I fear thou art another counterfeit; And yet, in faith, thou bears'st
thee like a king. Shak.

COUNTERFEIT
Coun"ter*feit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Counterfeited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Counterfeiting.]

1. To imitate, or put on a semblance of; to mimic; as, to counterfeit
the voice of another person.
Full well they laughed with counterfeited glee At all his jokes, for
many a joke had he. Goldsmith.

2. To imitate with a view to deceiving, by passing the copy for that
which is original or genuine; to forge; as, to counterfeit the
signature of another, coins, notes, etc.

COUNTERFEIT
Coun"ter*feit, v. i.

1. To carry on a deception; to dissemble; to feign; to pretend.
The knave counterfeits well; a good knave. Shak.

2. To make counterfeits.

COUNTERFEITER
Coun"ter*feit`er (-ft`r), n.

1. One who counterfeits; one who copies or imitates; especially, one
who copies or forges bank notes or coin; a forger.
The coin which was corrupted by counterfeiters. Camden.

2. One who assumes a false appearance or semblance; one who makes
false pretenses.
Counterfeiters of devotion. Sherwood.

COUNTERFEITLY
Coun"ter*feit`ly, adv.

Defn: By forgery; falsely.

COUNTERFESANCE
Coun"ter*fe`sance (-f"zans), n. Etym: [OF. contrefaisance, fr.
contrefaire. See Counterfeit, a.]

Defn: The act of forging; forgery. [Obs.] [Written also
counterfaisance.]

COUNTERFLEURY
Coun"ter*fleu`ry (koun"tr-fl`r), a. Etym: [F. contrefleuri.] (Her.)

Defn: Counterflory.

COUNTERFLORY
Coun"ter*flo`ry (-fl`r), a. Etym: [See Counterfleury.] (Her.)

Defn: Adorned with flowers (usually fleurs-de-lis) so divided that
the tops appear on one side and the bottoms on the others; -- said of
any ordinary.

COUNTERFOIL
Coun"ter*foil` (-foil), n. Etym: [Counter- + foil a leaf.]

1. That part of a tally, formerly in the exchequer, which was kept by
an officer in that court, the other, called the stock, being
delivered to the person who had lent the king money on the account; -
- called also counterstock. [Eng.]

2. The part of a writing (as the stub of a bank check) in which are
noted the main particulars contained in the corresponding part, which
has been issued.

COUNTERFORCE
Coun"ter*force` (-frs`), n.

Defn: An opposing force.

COUNTERFORT
Coun"ter*fort` (-frt`), n.

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A kind of buttress of masonry to strengthen a revetment wall.

2. A spur or projection of a mountain. Imp. Dict.

COUNTERGAGE
Coun"ter*gage` (-gj`), n. (Carp.)

Defn: An adjustable gage, with double points for transferring
measurements from one timber to another, as the breadth of a mortise
to the place where the tenon is to be made. Knight.

COUNTERGLOW
Coun"ter*glow`, n. (Astron.)

Defn: An exceedingly faint roundish or somewhat oblong nebulous light
near the ecliptic and opposite the sun, best seen during September
and October, when in the constellations Sagittarius and Pisces. Its
cause is not yet understood. Called also Gegenschein.

COUNTERGUARD
Coun"ter*guard` (koun"tr-grd`), n. (Fort.)

Defn: A low outwork before a bastion or ravelin, consisting of two
lines of rampart parallel to the faces of the bastion, and protecting
them from a breaching fire.

COUNTERIRRITANT; COUNTERIRRITATION
Coun"ter*ir`ri*tant (-r"r-tant), n., Coun"ter*ir`ri*ta"tion, n.

Defn: See Counter irritant, etc., under Counter, a.

COUNTERIRRITATE
Coun"ter*ir"ri*tate (koun"tr-r"r-tt), v. t. (Med.)

Defn: To produce counter irritation in; to treat with one morbid
process for the purpose of curing another.

COUNTERJUMPER
Coun"ter*jump`er (koun"tr-jmp`r), n.

Defn: A salesman in a shop; a shopman; -- used contemtuously. [Slang]

COUNTERLATH
Coun"ter*lath`, n. (Building)
 (a) A batten laid lengthwise between two rafters to afford a bearing
for laths laid crosswise.
 (b) Any lath laid without actual measurement between two gauged
laths.
 (c) Any of a series of laths nailed to the timbers to raise the
sheet lathing above their surface to afford a key for plastering.
 (d) One of many laths used in preparing one side of a partition or
framed wall, when the other side has been covered in and finished.

COUNTERMAN
Coun"ter*man (koun"tr-man), n.; pl. Countermen (-men).

Defn: A man who attends at the counter of a shop to sell goods.
[Eng.]

COUNTERMAND
Coun`ter*mand" (koun`tr-mnd"), v. t. [imp & p. p. Countermanded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Countermanding.] Etym: [F. contremander; contre (L.
contra) + mander to command, fr. L. mandare. Cf. Mandate.]

1. To revoke (a former command); to cancel or rescind by giving an
order contrary to one previously given; as, to countermand an order
for goods.

2. To prohibit; to forbid. [Obs.]
Avicen countermands letting blood in choleric bodles. Harvey.

3. To oppose; to revoke the command of.
For us to alter anuthing, is to lift ourselves against God; and, as
it were, to countermand him. Hooker.

COUNTERMAND
Coun"ter*mand (koun"tr-mnd), n.

Defn: A contrary order; revocation of a former order or command.
Have you no countermand for Claudio yet, But he must die to-morrow
Shak.

COUNTERMANDABLE
Coun`ter*mand"a*ble (-mnd"-b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being countermanded; revocable. Bacon.

COUNTERMARCH
Coun`ter*march" (koun`tr-mrch"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Countermarched
(-mrcht"); p. pr. & vb. n. Countermarching.] (Mil.)

Defn: To march back, or to march in reversed order.
The two armies marched and countermarched, drew near and receded.
Macaulay.

COUNTERMARCH
Coun"ter*march` (koun"tr-mrch`), n.

1. A marching back; retrocession.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: An evolution by which a body of troops change front or reverse
the direction of march while retaining the same men in the front
rank; also, a movement by which the rear rank becomes the front one,
either with or without changing the right to the left.

3. A change of measures; alteration of conduct.
Such countermarches and retractions as we do not willingly impute to
wisdom. T. Burnet.

COUNTERMARK
Coun"ter*mark` (-mrk`), n.

1. A mark or token added to those already existing, in order to
afford security or proof; as, an additional or special mark put upon
a package of goods belonging to several persons, that it may not be
opened except in the presence of all; a mark added to that of an
artificer of gold or silver work by the Goldsmiths' Company of
London, to attest the standard quality of the gold or silver; a mark
added to an ancient coin or medal, to show either its change of value
or that it was taken from an enemy.

2. (Far.)

Defn: An artificial cavity made in the teeth of horses that have
outgrown their natural mark, to disguise their age.

COUNTERMARK
Coun`ter*mark" (koun`tr-mrk"), v. t.

Defn: To apply a countenmark to; as, to countermark silverware; to
countermark a horse's teeth.

COUNTERMINE
Coun"ter*mine` (koun"tr-mn`), n. Etym: [Counter- + mine underground
gallery: cf. F. contermine.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: An underground gallery excavated to intercept and destroy the
mining of an enemy.

2. A stratagem or plot by which another sratagem or project is
defeated.
Thinking himself contemned, knowing no countermine against contempt
but terror. Sir P. Sidney.

COUNTERMINE
Coun`ter*mine" (koun`tr-mn"), v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. contreminer.] [imp.
& p. p. Countermined; p. pr. & vb. n. Countermining.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: To oppose by means or a countermine; to intercept with a
countermine.

2. To frustrate or counteract by secret measures.

COUNTERMINE
Coun`ter*mine", v. i.

Defn: To make a countermine or counterplot; to plot secretly.
'Tis hard for man to countermine with God. Chapman.

COUNTERMOVE
Coun`ter*move" (koun`tr-mv"), v. t. & i.

Defn: To move in a contrary direction to.

COUNTERMOVE; COUNTERMOVEMENT
Coun"ter*move` (-mv`), n. Coun"ter*move`ment (-ment).

Defn: A movement in opposition to another.

COUNTERMURE
Coun"ter*mure` (-mr`), n. Etym: [Counter- + mure: cf. F. contremur.]
(Fort.)

Defn: A wall raised behind another, to supply its place when breached
or destroyed. [R.] Cf. Contramure. Knolles.

COUNTERMURE
Coun`ter*mure" (koun`tr-mr"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Countermured (-
mrd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Countermuring.] Etym: [Cf. F. contremurer.]

Defn: To fortify with a wall behind another wall. [R.] Kyd.

COUNTERNATURAL
Coun"ter*nat`u*ral (koun"tr-nt`-ral; 135), a.

Defn: Contrary to nature. [R.] Harvey.

COUNTER-PALY
Coun"ter-pa`ly (-p`l), a. Etym: [F. contre-palé.] (Her.)

Defn: Paly, and then divided fesswise, so that each vertical piece is
cut into two, having the colors used alternately or counterchanged.
Thus the escutcheon in the illustration may also be blazoned paly of
six per fess counterchanged argent and azure.

COUNTERPANE
Coun"ter*pane` (koun"tr-pn`), n. Etym: [See Counterpoint, corrupted
into counterpane, from the employment of pane-shaped figures in these
coverlets. ]

Defn: A coverlet for a bed, -- originally stitched or woven in
squares or figures.
On which a tissue counterpane was cast. Drayton.

COUNTERPANE
Coun"ter*pane`, n. Etym: [OF. contrepan a pledge, security; contre +
pan a skirt, also, a pawn or gage, F. pan a skirt. See Pane, and cf.
Pawn.] (O. Law)

Defn: A duplicate part or copy of an indenture, deed, etc.,
corresponding with the original; -- now called counterpart.
Read, scribe; give me the counterpane. B. Jonson.

COUNTERPART
Coun"ter*part` (koun"tr-prt`), n.

1. A part corresponding to another part; anything which answers, or
corresponds, to another; a copy; a duplicate; a facsimile.
In same things the laws of Normandy agreed with the laws of England,
so that they seem to be, as it were, copies or counterparts one of
another. Sir M. Hale.

2. (Law)

Defn: One of two corresponding copies of an instrument; a duplicate.

3. A person who closely resembles another.

4. A thing may be applied to another thing so as to fit perfectly, as
a seal to its impression; hence, a thing which is adapted to another
thing, or which suplements it; that which serves to complete or
complement anything; hence, a person or thing having qualities
lacking in another; an opposite.
O counterpart Of our soft sex, well are you made our lords. Dryden.

COUNTERPASSANT
Coun"ter*pas`sant (-ps"sant), a. Etym: [Counter- + passant:cf. F.
contrepassant.] (Her.)

Defn: Passant in opposite directions; -- said of two animals.

COUNTERPLEAD
Coun`ter*plead" (koun`tr-pld"), v. t.

Defn: To plead the contrary of; to plead against; to deny.

COUNTERPLOT
Coun`ter*plot" (koun`tr-plt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Counterplotted;p.
pr. & vb. n. Counterplotting.]

Defn: To oppose, as another plot, by plotting; to attempt to
frustrate, as a stratagem, by stratagem.
Every wile had proved abortive, every plot had been counterplotted.
De Quinsey.

COUNTERPLOT
Coun"ter*plot` (koun"tr-plt`), n.

Defn: A plot or artifice opposed to another. L'Estrange.

COUNTERPOINT
Coun"ter*point` (koun"tr-point`), n. Etym: [Counter- + point.]

Defn: An opposite point [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys.

COUNTERPOINT
Coun"ter*point`, n. Etym: [F. contrepoint; cf. It. contrappunto. Cf.
Contrapuntal.] (Mus.)
(a) The setting of note against note in harmony; the adding of one or
more parts to a given canto fermo or melody.
(b) The art of polyphony, or composite melody, i. e., melody not
single, but moving attended by one or more related melodies.
(c) Music in parts; part writing; harmony; polyphonic music. See
Polyphony.
Counterpoint, an invention equivalent to a new creation of music.
Whewell.

COUNTERPOINT
Coun"ter*point`, n. Etym: [OF. contrepoincte, corruption of earlier
counstepointe, countepointe, F. courtepointe, fr. L. culcita cushion,
mattress (see Quilt, and cf. Cushion) + puncta, fem. p. p. of pungere
to prick (see Point). The word properly meant a stitched quilt, with
the colors broken one into another.]

Defn: A coverlet; a cover for a bed, often stitched or broken into
squares; a counterpane. See 1st Counterpane.
Embroidered coverlets or counterpoints of purple silk. Sir T. North.

COUNTERPOISE
Coun"ter*poise` (koun"tr-poiz`; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Counterpoised (-poizd`); p. pr. & vb. n. Counterpoising.] Etym: [OE.
countrepesen, counterpeisen, F. contrepeser. See Counter, adv., and
Poise, v. t. ]

1. To act against with equal weight; to equal in weght; to balance
the weight of; to counterbalance.
Weigts, counterpoising one another. Sir K. Digby.

2. To act against with equal power; to balance.
So many freeholders of English will be able to beard and counterpoise
the rest. Spenser.

COUNTERPOISE
Coun"ter*poise` (koun"tr-poiz`), n. Etym: [OE. countrepese, OF.
contrepois, F. contrepods. See Counter, adv., and Poise, n.]

1. A weight sufficient to balance another, as in the opposite scale
of a balance; an equal weight.
Fastening that to our exact balance, we put a metalline counterpoise
into the opposite scale. Boyle.

2. An equal power or force acting in opposition; a force sufficient
to balance another force.
The second nobles are a counterpoise to the higher nobility, that
they grow not too potent. Bacon.

3. The relation of two weights or forces which balance each other;
equilibrum; equiponderance.
The pendulous round eart, with balanced air, In counterpoise. Milton.

COUNTERPOLE
Coun"ter*pole` (-pl`), n.

Defn: The exact opposite.
The German prose offers the counterpole to the French style. De
Quincey.

COUNTERPONDERATE
Coun`ter*pon"der*ate (-pn"dr-t), v. t.

Defn: TO equal in weight; to counterpoise; to equiponderate.

COUNTERPROVE
Coun`ter*prove" (koun`tr-prv"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Counterproved (-
prvd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Counterproving.]

Defn: To take a counter proof of, or a copy in reverse, by taking an
impression directly from the face of an original. See Counter proof,
under Counter.

COUNTERREVOLUTIONARY; COUNTER-REVOLUTIONARY
counterrevolutionary counter-revolutionary adj.

Defn: marked by opposition or antipathy to revolution; as, ostracized
for his counterrevolutionary tendencies. Opposite of revolutionary.
[WordNet 1.5]

COUNTER-ROLL
Coun"ter-roll` (-rl`), n. Etym: [Cf. Control.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A duplicate roll (record or account) kept by an officer as a
check upon another officer's roll. Burrill.

Note: As a verb this word is contracted into control. See Control.

COUNTERROLMENT
Coun`ter*rol"ment (koun`tr-rl"ment), n.

Defn: A counter account. See Control. [Obs.] Bacon.

COUNTER-SALIENT
Coun`ter-sa"li*ent (-s"l-ent or -sl"yent; 106), a. (Her.)

Defn: Leaping from each other; -- said of two figures on a coast of
arms.

COUNTERSCALE
Coun"ter*scale` (koun"tr-skl`), n.

Defn: Counterbalance; balance, as of one scale against another.
[Obs.] Howell.

COUNTERSCARF
Coun"ter*scarf` (-skrf`), n. Etym: [Counter- + scarp: cf. F.
contrescarpe.] (Fort.)

Defn: The exterior slope or wall of the ditch; -- sometimes, the
whole covered way, beyond the ditch, with its parapet and glacis; as,
the enemy have lodged themselves on the counterscarp.

COUNTERSEAL
Coun`ter*seal" (koun`tr-sl"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Countersealed (-
sld"); p. pr. & vb. n. Countersealing.]

Defn: To seal or ratify with another or others. Shak.

COUNTERSECURE
Coun`ter*se*cure" (-s-kr"), v. t.

Defn: To give additional security to or for. Burke.

COUNTERSHAFT
Coun"ter*shaft` (koun"tr-shft`), n. (Mach.)

Defn: An intermediate shaft; esp., one which receives motion from a
line shaft in a factory and transmits it to a machine.

COUNTERSIGN
Coun`ter*sign" (-sn`; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Countersigned (-
snd`); p. pr. & vb. n. Countersigning.] Etym: [Counter- + sign: cf.
F. contresigner.]

Defn: To sign on the opposite side of (an instrument or writing);
hence, to sign in addition to the signature of a principal or
superior, in order to attest the authenticity of a writing.

COUNTERSIGN
Coun"ter*sign`, a.

1. The signature of a secretary or other officer to a writing signed
by a principal or superior, to attest its authenticity.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A private signal, word, or phrase, which must be given in order
to pass a sentry; a watchword.

COUNTERSINK
Coun"ter*sink` (koun"tr-sk`; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Countersunk (-
s; p. pr. & vb. n. Countersinking.]

1. To chamfer or form a depression around the top of (a hole in wood,
metal, etc.) for the reception of the head of a screw or bolt below
the surface, either wholly or in part; as, to countersink a hole for
a screw.

2. To cause to sink even with or below the surface; as, to
countersink a screw or bolt into woodwork.

COUNTERSINK
Coun"ter*sink`, n.

1. An enlargement of the upper part of a hole, forming a cavity or
depression for receiving the head of a screw or bolt.

Note: In the United States a flaring cavity formed by chamfering the
edges of a round hole is called a countersink, while a cylindrical
flat-bottomed enlargement of the mouth of the hole is usually called
a conterbore.

2. A drill or cutting tool for countersinking holes.

COUNTERSTAND
Coun"ter*stand` (-st, n.

Defn: Resistance; opposition; a stand against.
Making counterstand to Robert Guiscard. Longfellow.

COUNTERSTEP
Coun"ter*step` (koun"tr-stp`), n.

Defn: A contrary method of procedure; opposite course of action.

COUNTERSTOCK
Coun"ter*stock` (-stk`), n.

Defn: See Counterfoil.

COUNTERSTROKE
Coun"ter*stroke` (-strk`), n.

Defn: A stroke or blow in return. Spenser.

COUNTERSUNK
Coun"ter*sunk` (-snk`), p. p. & a. from Countersink.

1. Chamfered at the top; -- said of a hole.

2. Sunk into a chamfer; as, a countersunk bolt.

3. Beveled on the lower side, so as to fit a chamfered countersink;
as, a countersunk nailhead.

COUNTERSWAY
Coun"ter*sway` (-sw`), n.

Defn: A swaying in a contrary direction; an opposing influence.
[Obs.]
A countersway of restraint, curbing their wild exorbitance. Milton.

COUNTER TENOR
Coun"ter ten`or (tn`r). Etym: [OF. contreteneur. Cf. Contratenor, and
see Tenor a part in music.] (Mus.)

Defn: One of the middle parts in music, between the tenor and the
treble; high tenor. Counter-tenor clef (Mus.), the C clef when placed
on the third line; -- also called alto clef.

COUNTERTERM
Coun"ter*term` (-trm`), n.

Defn: A term or word which is the opposite of, or antithesis to,
another; an antonym; -- the opposite of synonym; as, "foe" is the
counterterm of "friend". C. J. Smith.

COUNTERTIME
Coun"ter*time` (-tm`), n.

1. (Man.)

Defn: The resistance of a horse, that interrupts his cadence and the
measure of his manege, occasioned by a bad horseman, or the bad
temper of the horse.

2. Resistance; opposition. [Obs.]
Give not shus the countertime to fate. Dryden.

COUNTERTRIPPANT
Coun"ter*trip`pant (-trp`pant), a. (Her.)

Defn: Trippant in opposite directions. See Trippant.

COUNTERTRIPPING
Coun"ter*trip`ping (-trp`png), a. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Countertrippant.

COUNTERTURN
Coun"ter*turn` (-t, n.

Defn: The critical moment in a play, when, contrary to expectation,
the action is embroiled in new difficulties. Dryden.

COUNTERVAIL
Coun`ter*vail" (koun`tr-vl"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Countervailed (-
vld); p. pr. & vb. n. Countervailing.] Etym: [OF. contrevaloir;
contre (L. contra) + valoir to avail, fr. L. valere to be strong,
avail. See Vallant.]

Defn: To act against with equal force, power, or effect; to thwart or
overcome by such action; to furnish an equivalent to or for; to
counterbalance; to compensate.
Upon balancing the account, the profit at last will hardly
countervail the inconveniences that go allong with it. L'Estrange.

COUNTERVAIL
Coun"ter*vail` (koun"tr-vl`), n.

Defn: Power or value sufficient to obviate any effect; equal weight,
strength, or value; equivalent; compensation; requital. [Obs.]
Surely, the present pleasure of a sinful act is a poor countervail
for the bitterness of the review. South.

COUNTERVALLATION
Coun`ter*val*la"tion (-vl-l"sn), n. (Fort.)

Defn: See Contravallation.

COUNTERVIEW
Coun"ter*view` (koun"tr-v`), n.

1. An opposite or opposing view; opposition; a posture in which two
persons front each other.
Within the gates of hell sat Death and Sin, In counterview. Milton
M. Peisse has ably advocated the counterview in his preface and
appendixx. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. A position in which two dissimilar things illustrate each other by
opposition; contrast.
I have drawn some lines of Linger's character, on purpose to place it
in counterview, or contrast with that of the other company. Swift.

COUNTERVOTE
Coun`ter*vote" (koun`tr-vt"), v. t.

Defn: To vote in opposition ti; to balance or overcome by viting; to
outvote. Dr. J. Scott.

COUNTERWAIT
Coun`ter*wait", v. t.

Defn: To wait or watch for; to be on guard against. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COUNTERWEIGH
Coun`ter*weigh" (-w"), v. t.

Defn: To weigh against; to counterbalance.

COUNTER WEIGHT
Coun"ter *weight` (-wt`), n.

Defn: A counterpoise.

COUNTERWHEEL
Coun`ter*wheel" (-hwl"), v. t. (Mil.)

Defn: To cause to wheel or turn in an opposite direction.

COUNTERWORK
Coun`ter*work" (-wrk"), v. t.

Defn: To work in oppositeion to; to counteract.
That counterworksh folly and caprice. Pope.

COUNTESS
Count"ess (kount"s), n.; pl. Countesses (-. Etym: [F. comtesse. See
Count a nobleman.]

Defn: The wife of an earl in the British peerage, or of a count in
the Continental nobility; also, a lady possessed of the same dignity
in her own right. See the Note under Count.

COUNTINGHOUSE; COUNTINGROOM
Count"ing*house` (kount"ng-hous`), Count"ing*room` (kount"ng-rm`), n.
Etym: [See Count, v. ]

Defn: The house or room in which a merchant, trader, or manufacturer
keeps his books and transacts business.

COUNTLESS
Count"less (-ls), a.

Defn: Incapable of being counted; not ascertainable; innumerable.

COUNTOR
Count"or (kount"r), n. Etym: [From Count, v. t. (in sense 4).] (O.
Eng. Law)

Defn: An advocate or professional pleader; one who counted for his
client, that is, orally pleaded his cause. [Obs.] Burrill.

COUNTOUR; COUNTOURHOUSE
Coun*tour" (kn-tr"), Coun*tour"house` (-hous`), n. Etym: [See 2d
Counter.]

Defn: A merchant's office; a countinghouse. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COUNTRE-
Coun"tre- (koun"ter-).

Defn: Same as prefix Counter-. [Obs.]

COUNTREPLETE
Coun`tre*plete" (-plt"), v. t. Etym: [Countre- + plete to plead.]

Defn: To counterplead. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COUNTRETAILLE
Coun"tre*taille` (koun"tr-tl`), n. Etym: [F. contretaille; contre (L.
contra) + taille cut. See Tally.]

Defn: A counter tally; correspondence (in sound). [Obs.] At the
countretaille, in return. Chaucer.

COUNTRIFIED
Coun"tri*fied (kn"tr-fld), p. a.

Defn: Having the appearance and manners of a rustic; rude.
As being one who took no pride, And was a deal too countrified.
Lloyd.

COUNTRIFY
Coun"tri*fy (kn"tr-f), v. t.

Defn: To give a rural appearance to; to cause to appear rustic. Lamb.

COUNTRY
Coun"try (kn"tr), n.; pl. Countries (-tr. Etym: [F. contr, LL.
contrata, fr. L. contra over against, on the opposite side. Cf.
Counter, adv., Contra.]

1. A tract of land; a region; the territory of an independent nation;
(as distinguished from any other region, and with a personal pronoun)
the region of one's birth, permanent residence, or citizenship.
Return unto thy country, and to thy kindred. Gen. xxxxii. 9.
I might have learned this by my last exile, that change of countries
cannot change my state. Stirling.
Many a famous realm And country, whereof here needs no account
Milton.

2. Rural regions, as opposed to a city or town.
As they walked, on their way into the country. Mark xvi. 12 (Rev.
Ver. ).
God made the covatry, and man made the town. Cowper.
Only very great men were in the habit of dividing the year between
town and country. Macualay.

3. The inhabitants or people of a state or a region; the populace;
the public. Hence: (a) One's constituents. (b) The whole body of the
electors of state; as, to dissolve Parliament and appeal to the
country.
All the country in a general voice Cried hate upon him. Shak.

4. (Law)
(a) A jury, as representing the citizens of a country.
(b) The inhabitants of the district from which a jury is drawn.

5. (Mining.)

Defn: The rock through which a vein runs. Conclusion to the country.
See under Conclusion.
 -- To put, or throw, one's self upon the country, to appeal to one's
constituents; to stand trial before a jury.

COUNTRY
Coun"try, a.

1. Pertaining to the regions remote from a city; rural; rustic; as, a
country life; a country town; the country party, as opposed to city.

2. Destitute of refinement; rude; unpolished; rustic; not urbane; as,
country manners.

3. Pertaining, or peculiar, to one's own country.
She, bowing herself towards him, laughing the cruel tyrant to scorn,
spake in her country language. 2 Macc. vii. 27.

COUNTRY BANK
Coun"try bank. (Banking)

Defn: A national bank not in a reserve city. [Colloq., U. S.]

COUNTRY-BASE
Coun"try-base` (-bs`), n.

Defn: Same as Prison base.

COUNTRY CLUB
Coun"try club.

Defn: A club usually located in the suburbs or vicinity of a city or
town and devoted mainly to outdoor sports.

COUNTRY COUSIN
Coun"try cousin.

Defn: A relative from the country visiting the city and unfamiliar
with city manners and sights.

COUNTRY-DANCE
Coun"try-dance` (-dns`), n. Etym: [Prob. an adaptation of
contradance.]

Defn: See Contradance.
He had introduced the English country-dance to the knowledge of the
Dutch ladies. Macualay.

COUNTRYMAN
Coun"try*man (kn"tr-man), n.; pl. Countrymen (-men).

1. An inhabitant or native of a region. Shak.

2. One born in the same country with another; a compatriot; -- used
with a possessive pronoun.
In perils of waters, in perils of robbers, in perils by mine own
countrymen. 2 Cor. xi. 26.

3. One who dwells in the country, as distinguished from a townsman or
an inhabitant of a city; a rustic; a husbandman or farmer.
A simple countryman that brought her figs. Shak.

COUNTRY SEAT
Coun"try seat` (kn"tr st`).

Defn: A dwelling in the country, used as a place of retirement from
the city.

COUNTRYSIDE
Coun"try*side` (-sd`), n.

Defn: A particular rural district; a country neighborhood. [Eng.] W.
Black. Blackmore.

COUNTRYWOMAN
Coun"try*wom`an (-wm`an), n.; pl. Countrywomen (-w.

Defn: A woman born, or dwelling, in the country, as opposed to the
city; a woman born or dwelling in the same country with another
native or inhabitant. Shak.

COUNT-WHEEL
Count"-wheel` (kount"hwl`), n.

Defn: The wheel in a clock which regulates the number of strokes.

COUNTY
Coun"ty (koun"t), n.; pl. Counties (-t. Etym: [F. comt, fr. LL.
comitatus. See Count.]

1. An earldom; the domain of a count or earl. [Obs.]

2. A circuit or particular portion of a state or kingdom, separated
from the rest of the territory, for certain purposes in the
administration of justice and public affairs; -- called also a shire.
See Shire.
Every county, every town, every family, was in agitation. Macaulay.

3. A count; an earl or lord. [Obs.] Shak. County commissioners. See
Commissioner.
 -- County corporate, a city or town having the privilege to be a
county by itself, and to be governed by its own sheriffs and other
magistrates, irrespective of the officers of the county in which it
is situated; as London, York, Bristol, etc. [Eng.] Mozley & W.
 -- County court, a court whose jurisdiction is limited to county.
 -- County palatine, a county distingushed by particular privileges;
-- so called a palatio (from the palace), because the owner had
originally royal powers, or the same powers, in the administration of
justice, as the king had in his palace; but these powers are now
abridged. The counties palatine, in England, are Lancaster, Chester,
and Durham.
 -- County rates, rates levied upon the county, and collected by the
boards of guardians, for the purpose of defraying the expenses to
which counties are liable, such as repairing bridges, jails, etc.
[Eng.] -- County seat, a county town. [U.S.] -- County sessions, the
general quarter sessions of the peace for each county, held four
times a year. [Eng.] -- County town, the town of a county, where the
county business is transacted; a shire town.

COUP
Coup (k), n. Etym: [F., fr.L. colaphus a cuff, Gr.

Defn: A sudden stroke; an unexpected device or stratagem; -- a term
used in various ways to convey the idea of promptness and force. Coup
de grace (ke gr Etym: [F.], the stroke of mercy with which an
executioner ends by death the sufferings of the condemned; hence, a
decisive, finishing stroke.
 -- Coup de main (ke m Etym: [F.] (Mil.), a sudden and unexpected
movement or attack.
 -- Coup de soleil (k Etym: [F.] (Med.), a sunstroke. See Sunstroke.
 -- Coup d'état (k Etym: [F.] (Politics), a sudden, decisive exercise
of power whereby the existing government is subverted without the
consent of the people; an unexpected measure of state, more or less
violent; a stroke of policy.
 -- Coup d'oeil (k. Etym: [F.] (a) A single view; a rapid glance of
the eye; a comprehensive view of a scene; as much as can be seen at
one view. (b) The general effect of a picture. (c) (Mil.) The faculty
or the act of comprehending at a glance the weakness or strength of a
military position, of a certain arrangement of troops, the most
advantageous position for a battlefield, etc.

COUPABLE
Cou (k"p-b'l), a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Culpable. [Obs.]

COUPE
Cou`pé" (k`p"), n. Etym: [F., fr. coupé, p. p. of couper to cut. See
Coppice.]

1. The front compartment of a French diligence; also, the front
compartment (usually for three persons) of a car or carriage on
British railways.

2. A four-wheeled close carriage for two persons inside, with an
outside seat for the driver; -- so called because giving the
appearance of a larger carriage cut off.

COUPED
Couped (kpt), a. Etym: [F. couper to cut.] (Her.)

Defn: Cut off smoothly, as distinguished from erased; -- used
especially for the head or limb of an animal. See Erased.

COUPEE
Cou*pee" (k-p"; F. k`p), n. Etym: [F. coupé, n., properly p. p. of
couper to cut. Cf. Coupé, Coopee.]

Defn: A motion in dancing, when one leg is a little bent, and raised
from the floor, and with the other a forward motion is made.
Chambers.

COUPE-GORGE
Coupe`-gorge" (kp`grzh"), n. Etym: [F., cut throat.] (Mil.)

Defn: Any position giving the enemy such advantage that the troops
occupying it must either surrender or be cut to pieces. Farrow.

COUPLE
Cou"ple (kp"'l), n. Etym: [F. couple, fr. L. copula a bond, band; co-
+ apere, aptum, ti join. See Art, a., and cf.Copula.]

1. That which joins or links two things together; a bond or tie; a
coupler. [Obs.]
It is in some sort with friends as it is with dogs in couples; they
should be of the same size and humor. L'Estrange.
I'll go in couples with her. Shak.

2. Two of the same kind connected or considered together; a pair; a
brace. "A couple of shepherds." Sir P. Sidney. "A couple of drops"
Adduson. "A couple of miles." Dickens. "A couple of weeks." Carlyle.
Adding one to one we have the complex idea of a couple. Locke.
[Ziba] met him with a couple of asses saddled. 2 Sam. xvi. 1.

3. A male and female associated together; esp., a man and woman who
are married or betrothed.
Such were our couple, man and wife. Lloyd.
Fair couple linked in happy, nuptial league. Milton.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: See Couple-close.

5. (Elec.)

Defn: One of the pairs of plates of two metals which compose a
voltaic battery; -- called a voltaic couple or galvanic couple.

6. (Mech.)

Defn: Two rotations, movements, etc., which are equal in amount but
opposite in direction, and acting along parallel lines or around
parallel axes.

Note: The effect of a couple of forces is to produce a rotation. A
couple of rotations is equivalent to a motion of translation.

COUPLE
Cou"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coupled (kp"'ld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Coupling (-lng).] Etym: [F. coupler, fr. L. copulare. See Couple, n.,
and cf. Copulate, Cobble, v. ]

1. To link or tie, as one thing to another; to connect or fasten
together; to join.
Huntsman, I charge thee, tender well my hounds, . . . And couple
Clowder with the deep-mouthed brach. Shak.

2. To join in wedlock; to marry. [Colloq.]
A parson who couples all our beggars. Swift.

COUPLE
Cou"ple, v. i.

Defn: To come together as male and female; to copulate. [Obs.]
Milton. Bacon.

COUPLE-BEGGAR
Cou"ple-beg`gar (-bg`gr), n.

Defn: One who makes it his business to marry beggars to each other.
Swift.

COUPLE-CLOSE
Cou"ple-close` (kp"-kls`), n.; pl. Couple-closes (-kl

1. (Her.)

Defn: A diminutive of the chevron, containing one fourth of its
surface. Couple-closes are generally borne one on each side of a
chevron, and the blazoning may then be either a chevron between two
couple-closes or chevron cottised.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A pair of rafters framed together with a tie fixed at their
feet, or with a collar beam. [Engl.]

COUPLEMENT
Cou"ple*ment (kp"'l-ment), n. Etym: [Cf. OF. couplement.]

Defn: Union; combination; a coupling; a pair. [Obs.] Shak.
And forth together rode, a goodly couplement. Spenser.

COUPLER
Coup"ler (kp"lr), n.

Defn: One who couples; that which couples, as a link, ring, or
shackle, to connect cars. Coupler of an organ, a contrivance by which
any two or more of the ranks of keys, or keys and pedals, are
connected so as to act together when the organ is played.

COUPLET
Coup"let (-lt), n. Etym: [F. couplet, dim. of couple. See Couple, n.
]

Defn: Two taken together; a pair or couple; especially two lines of
verse that rhyme with each other.
A sudden couplet rushes on your mind. Crabbe.

COUPLING
Coup"ling (-lng), n.

1. The act of bringing or coming together; connection; sexual union.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A device or contrivance which serves to couple or connect
adjacent parts or objects; as, a belt coupling, which connects the
ends of a belt; a car coupling, which connects the cars in a train; a
shaft coupling, which connects the ends of shafts. Box coupling,
Chain coupling. See under Box, Chain.
 -- Coupling box, a coupling shaped like a journal box, for clamping
together the ends of two shafts, so that they may revolve together.
 -- Coupling pin, a pin or bolt used in coupling or joining together
railroad cars, etc.

COUPON
Cou"pon (k"pn; F. k`pn"), n. Etym: [F., fr. couper to cut, cut off.
See Coppice.]

1. (Com.)

Defn: A certificate of interest due, printed at the bottom of
transferable bonds (state, railroad, etc.), given for a term of
years, designed to be cut off and presented for payment when the
interest is due; an interest warrant.

2. A section of a ticket, showing the holder to be entitled to some
specified accomodation or service, as to a passage over a designated
line of travel, a particular seat in a theater, or the like.

COUPSTICK
Coup"stick` (koo"stik`), n. [Coup + stick.]

Defn: A stick or switch used among some American Indians in making or
counting a coup.

COUPURE
Cou*pure" (k-pr"), n. Etym: [F., fr. couper to cut.] (Fort.)

Defn: A passage cut through the glacis to facilitate sallies by the
besieged. Wilhelm.

COURAGE
Cour"age (kr"j;48), n. Etym: [OE. corage heart, mind, will, courage,
OF. corage, F. courage, fr. a LL. derivative of L. cor heart. See
Heart.]

1. The heart; spirit; temper; disposition. [Obs.]
So priketh hem nature in here corages. Chaucer.
My lord, cheer up your spirits; our foes are nigh, and this soft
courage makes your followers faint. Shak.

2. Heart; inclination; desire; will. [Obs.] Chaucer.
I'd such a courage to do him good. Shak.

3. That quality of mind which enables one to encounter danger and
difficulties with firmness, or without fear, or fainting of heart;
valor; boldness; resolution.
The king-becoming graces . . . Devotion, patience, courage,
fortitude, I have no relish of them. Shak.
Courage that grows from constitution often forsakes a man when he has
occasion for it. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Heroism; bravery; intrepidity; valor; gallantry; daring;
firmness; hardihood; boldness; dauntlessness; resolution. See
Heroism.
 -- Courage, Bravery, Fortitude, Intrepidity, Gallantry, Valor.
Courage is that firmness of spirit and swell of soul which meets
danger without fear. Bravery is daring and impetuous courage, like
that of one who has the reward continually in view, and displays his
courage in daring acts. Fortitude has often been styled "passive
courage," and consist in the habit of encountering danger and
enduring pain with a steadfast and unbroken spirit. Valor is courage
exhibited in war, and can not be applied to single combats; it is
never used figuratively. Intrepidity is firm, unshaken courage.
Gallantry is adventurous courage, which courts danger with a high and
cheerful spirit. A man may show courage, fortitude, or intrepidity in
the common pursuits of life, as well as in war. Valor, bravery, and
gallantry are displayed in the contest of arms. Valor belongs only to
battle; bravery may be shown in single combat; gallantry may be
manifested either in attack or defense; but in the latter ease, the
defense is usually turned into an attack.

COURAGE
Cour"age, v. t.

Defn: To inspire with courage. [Obs.]
Paul writeth unto Timothy . . . to courage him. Tyndale.

COURAGEOUS
Cour*a"geous (kr-"js), a. Etym: [F. courageux.]

Defn: Possessing, or characterized by, courage; brave; bold.
With this victory, the women became most courageous and proud, and
the men waxed . . . fearful and desperate. Stow.

Syn.
 -- Gallant; brave; bold; daring; valiant; valorous; heroic;
intrepid; fearless; hardy; stout; adventurous; enterprising. See
Gallant.

COURAGEOUSLY
Cour*a"geous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a courageous manner.

COURAGEOUSNESS
Cour*a"geous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being courageous; courage.

COURANT
Cou*rant" (k-rnt"), a. Etym: [F., p. pr. of courir to run, L.
currere. Cf. Current.] (Her.)

Defn: Represented as running; -- said of a beast borne in a coat of
arms.

COURANT
Cou*rant" (k-rnt"), n. Etym: [F. courante, fr. courant, p. pr.]

1. A piece of music in triple time; also, a lively dance; a coranto.

2. A circulating gazette of news; a newspaper.

COURANTO
Cou*ran"to (-rn"t), n.

Defn: A sprightly dance; a coranto; a courant.

COURAP
Cou*rap" (k-rp), n. (Med.)

Defn: A skin disease, common in India, in which there is perpetual
itching and eruption, esp. of the groin, breast, armpits, and face.

COURB
Courb (krb), a. Etym: [F. courbe, fr. L. curvus. See Curve, a.]

Defn: Curved; rounded. [Obs.]
Her neck is short, her shoulders courb. Gower.

COURB
Courb (krb), v. i. Etym: [F. courber. See Curs.]

Defn: To bend; to stop; to bow. [Obs.]
Then I courbed on my knees. Piers Plowman.

COURBARIL
Cour"ba*ril (kr"b-rl), n. Etym: [F. courbaril, from a South American
word.]

Defn: See Animé, n.

COURCHE
Courche (krsh), n. Etym: [Cf. Kerchief.]

Defn: A square piece of linen used formerly by women instead of a
cap; a kerchief. [Scot.] [Written also curch.] Jamieson.

COURIER
Cou"ri*er (k"r-r), n. Etym: [F. courrier, fr. courre, courir, to run,
L. currere. See Course, Current.]

1. A messenger sent with haste to convey letters or dispatches,
usually on public busuness.
The wary Bassa . . . by speedy couriers, advertised Solyman of the
enemy's purpose. Knolles.

2. An attendant on travelers, whose business it is to make
arrangements for their convenience at hotels and on the way.

COURLAN
Cour"lan (kr"ln), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American bird, of the genus Aramus, allied to the
rails.

COURSE
Course (krs), n. Etym: [F. cours, course, L. cursus, fr. currere to
run. See Current.]

1. The act of moving from one point to another; progress; passage.
And when we had finished our course from Tyre, we came to Ptolemais.
Acts xxi. 7.

2. THe ground or path traversed; track; way.
The same horse also run the round course at Newmarket. Pennant.

3. Motion, considered as to its general or resultant direction or to
its goal; line progress or advance.
A light by which the Argive squadron steers Their silent course to
Ilium's well known shore. Dennham.
Westward the course of empire takes its way. Berkeley.

4. Progress from point to point without change of direction; any part
of a progress from one place to another, which is in a straight line,
or on one direction; as, a ship in a long voyage makes many courses;
a course measured by a surveyor between two stations; also, a
progress without interruption or rest; a heat; as, one course of a
race.

5. Motion considered with reference to manner; or derly progress;
procedure in a certain line of thought or action; as, the course of
an argument.
The course of true love never did run smooth. Shak.

6. Customary or established sequence of evants; re currence of events
according to natural laws.
By course of nature and of law. Davies.
Day and night, Seedtime and harvest, heat and hoary frost, Shall hold
their course. Milton.

7. Method of procedure; manner or way of conducting; conduct;
behavior.
My lord of York commends the plot and the general course of the
action. Shak.
By perseverance in the course prescribed. Wodsworth.
You hold your course without remorse. Tennyson.

8. A series of motions or acts arranged in order; a succession of
acts or practices connectedly followed; as, a course of medicine; a
course of lectures on chemistry.

9. The succession of one to another in office or duty; order; turn.
He appointed . . . the courses of the priests 2 Chron. viii. 14.

10. That part of a meal served at one time, with its accompaniments.
He [Goldsmith] wore fine clothes, gave dinners of several courses,
paid court to venal beauties. Macualay.

11. (Arch.)

Defn: A continuous level range of brick or stones of the same height
throughout the face or faces of a building. Gwilt.

12. (Naut.)

Defn: The lowest sail on any mast of a square-rigged vessel; as, the
fore course, main course, etc.

13. pl. (Physiol.)

Defn: The menses. In course, in regular succession.
 -- Of course, by consequence; as a matter of course; in regular or
natural order.
 -- In the course of, at same time or times during. "In the course of
human events." T. Jefferson.

Syn.
 -- Way; road; route; passage; race; series; succession; manner;
method; mode; career; progress.

COURSE
Course, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coursed (krst)); p. pr. & vb. n.
Coursing.]

1. To run, hunt, or chase after; to follow hard upon; to pursue.
We coursed him at the heels. Shak.

2. To cause to chase after or pursue game; as, to course greyhounds
after deer.

3. To run through or over.
The bounding steed courses the dusty plain. Pope.

COURSE
Course, v. i.

1. To run as in a race, or in hunting; to pursue the sport of
coursing; as, the sportsmen coursed over the flats of Lancashire.

2. To move with speed; to race; as, the blood courses through the
veins. Shak.

COURSED
Coursed (krst), a.

1. Hunted; as, a coursed hare.

2. Arranged in courses; as, coursed masonry.

COURSER
Cours"er (krs"r), n. Etym: [F. coursier.]

1. One who courses or hunts.
leash is a leathern thong by which . . . a courser leads his
greyhound. Hanmer.

2. A swift or spirited horse; a racer or a war horse; a charger.
[Poetic.] Pope.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A grallatorial bird of Europe (Cursorius cursor), remarkable
for its speed in running. Sometimes, in a wider sense, applied to
running birds of the Ostrich family.

COURSEY
Cour"sey (kr"s), n. Etym: [Cf. OF. corsie, coursie, passage way to
the stern. See Course, n. ] (Naut.)

Defn: A space in the galley; a part of the hatches. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

COURSING
Cours"ing (krs"ng), n.

Defn: The pursuit or running game with dogs that follow by sight
instead of by scent.
In coursing of a deer, or hart, with greyhounds. Bacon

COURT
Court (krt), n. Etym: [OF. court, curt, cort, F. co, LL. cortis, fr.
L. cohors, cors, chors, gen. cohortis, cortis, chortis, an inclosure,
court, thing inclosed, crowd, throng; co- + a root akin to Gr.
garden, yard, orchard. See Yard, and cf. Cohort, Curtain.]

1. An inclosed space; a courtyard; an uncovered area shut in by the
walls of a building, or by different building; also, a space opening
from a street and nearly surrounded by houses; a blind alley.
The courts the house of our God. Ps. cxxxv. 2.
And round the cool green courts there ran a row Cf cloisters.
Tennyson.
Goldsmith took a garret in a miserable court. Macualay.

2. The residence of a sovereign, prince, nobleman, or ether
dignitary; a palace.
Attends the emperor in his royal court. Shak.
This our court, infected with their manners, Shows like a riotous
inn. Shak.

3. The collective body of persons composing the retinue of a
sovereign or person high in aithority; all the surroundings of a
sovereign in his regal state.
My lord, there is a nobleman of the court at door would speak with
you. Shak.
Love rules the court, the camp, the grove. Sir. W. Scott.

4. Any formal assembling of the retinue of a sovereign; as, to hold a
court.
The princesses held their court within the fortres. Macualay.

5. Attention directed to a person in power; conduct or address
designed to gain favor; courtliness of manners; civility; compliment;
flattery.
No solace could her paramour intreat Her once to show, ne court, nor
dalliance. Spenser.
I went to make my court to the Dike and Duches of Newcastle. Evelyn.

6. (Law)
(a) The hall, chamber, or place, where justice is administered.
(b) The persons officially assembled under authority of law, at the
appropriate time and place, for the administration of justice; an
official assembly, legally met together for the transaction of
judicial business; a judge or judges sitting for the hearing or trial
of causes.
(c) A tribunal established for the administration of justice.
(d) The judge or judges; as distinguished from the counsel or jury,
or both.
Most heartily I do beseech the court To give the judgment. Shak.

7. The session of a judicial assembly.

8. Any jurisdiction, civil, military, or ecclesiastical.

9. A place arranged for playing the game of tennis; also, one of the
divisions of a tennis court. Christian court, the English
ecclesiastical courts in the aggregate, or any one of them.
 -- Court breeding, education acquired at court.
 -- Court card. Same as Coat card.
 -- Court circular, one or more paragraphs of news respecting the
sovereign and the royal family, together with the proceedings or
movements of the court generally, supplied to the newspapers by an
officer specially charged with such duty. [Eng.] Edwards.
 -- Court day, a day on which a court sits to administer justice.
 -- Court dress, the dress prescribed for appearance at the court of
a sovereign.
 -- Court fool, a buffoon or jester, formerly kept by princes and
nobles for their amusement.
 -- Court guide, a directory of the names and adresses of the
nobility and gentry in a town.
 -- Court hand, the hand or manner of writing used in records and
judicial proceedings. Shak.
 -- Court lands (Eng. Law), lands kept in demesne, -- that is, for
the use of the lord and his family.
 -- Court marshal, one who acts as marshal for a court.
 -- Court party, a party attached to the court.
 -- Court rolls, the records of a court. SeeRoll.
 -- Court in banc, or Court in bank, The full court sitting at its
regular terms for the hearing of arguments upon questions of law, as
distinguished from a sitting at nisi prius.
 -- Court of Arches, audience, etc. See under Arches, Audience, etc.
 -- Court of Chancery. See Chancery, n.
 -- Court of Common pleas. (Law) See Common pleas, under Common.
 -- Court of Equity. See under Equity, and Chancery.
 -- Court of Inquiry (Mil.) , a court appointed to inquire into and
report on some military matter, as the conduct of an officer.
 -- Court of St. James, the usual designation of the British Court; -
- so called from the old palace of St. James, which is used for the
royal receptions, levees, and drawing-rooms.
 -- The court of the Lord, the temple at Jerusalem; hence, a church,
or Christian house of worship.
 -- General Court, the legislature of a State; -- so called from
having had, in the colonial days, judical power; as, the General
Court of Massachusetts. [U.S.] -- To pay one's court, to seek to gain
favor by attentions. "Alcibiades was assiduous in paying his court to
Tissaphernes." Jowett.
 -- To put out of court, to refuse further judicial hearing.

COURT
Court, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Courted; p. pr. & vb. n. Courting.]

1. To endeavor to gain the favor of by attention or flattery; to try
to ingratiate one's self with.
By one person, hovever, Portland was still assiduously courted.
Macualay.

2. To endeavor to gain the affections of; to seek in marriage; to
woo.
If either of you both love Katharina . . . leave shall you have to
court her at your pleasure. Shak.

3. To attempt to gain; to solicit; to seek.
They might almost seem to have courted the crown of martyrdem.
Prescott.
Guilt and misery . . . court privacy and silitude. De Quincey.

4. To invite by attractions; to allure; to attract.
A well-worn pathway courted us To one green wicket in a privet hedge.
Tennyson.

COURT
Court, v. i.

1. To play the lover; to woo; as, to go courting.

COURT-BARON
Court"-bar`on (-br`n), n. (Law)

Defn: An inferior court of civil jurisdiction, attached to a manor,
and held by the steward; a baron's court; -- now fallen into disuse.

COURTBRED
Court"bred` (-brd`), a.

Defn: Bred, or educated, at court; polished; courtly.

COURT-CRAFT
Court"-craft` (krt"krft`), n.

Defn: The artifices, intrigues, and plottings, at courts.

COURT-CUPBOARD
Court"-cup`board (-kb`brd), n.

Defn: A movable sideboard or buffet, on which plate and other
articles of luxury were displayed on special ocasions. [Obs.]
A way with the joint stools, remove the court-cupboard, look to the
plate. Shak.

COURTELLE
Courtelle n.

Defn: a wool-like fabric.
[WordNet 1.5]

COURTEOUS
Cour"te*ous (kr"t-s; 277), a. Etym: [OE. cortais, corteis, cortois,
rarely corteous, OF. corties, corteis, F. courtois. See Court.]

Defn: Of courtlike manners; pertaining to, or exxpressive of,
courtesy; characterized by courtesy; civil; obliging; well bred;
polite; affable; complaisant.
A patient and courteous bearing. Prescott.
His behavior toward his people is grave and courteous. Fuller.

COURTEOUSLY
Cour"te*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a courteous manner.

COURTEOUSNESS
Cour"te*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being courteous; politeness; courtesy.

COURTEPY
Cour"te*py (kr"t-p), n. Etym: [D. kort short + pije a coarse cloth.]

Defn: A short coat of coarse cloth. [Obs.]
Full threadbare was his overeste courtepy. Chaucer.

COURTER
Court"er (krt"r), n.

Defn: One who courts; one who plays the lover, or who solicits in
marriage; one who flatters and cajoles. Sherwood.

COURTESAN
Cour"te*san (kr"t-zn; 277), n. Etym: [F. courtisane, fr. courtisan
courtier, It. cortigiano; or directly fr. It. cortigiana, or Sp.
cortesana. See Court.]

Defn: A woman who prostitutes herself for hire; a prostitute; a
harlot.
Lasciviously decked like a courtesan. Sir H. Wotton.

COURTESANSHIP
Cour"te*san*ship, n.

Defn: Harlotry.

COURTESY
Cour"te*sy (kr"t-s), n.; pl. Courtesies (-s. Etym: [OE. cortaisie,
corteisie, courtesie, OF. curteisie, cortoisie, OF. curteisie,
cortoisie, F. courtoisie, fr. curteis, corteis. See Courteous.]

1. Politeness; civility; urbanity; courtliness.
And trust thy honest-offered courtesy, With oft is sooner found in
lowly sheds, With smoky rafters, than in tapestry walls And courts of
princes, where it first was named, And yet is most pretended. Milton.
Pardon me, Messer Claudio, if once more I use the ancient courtesies
of speech. Longfellow.

2. An act of civility or respect; an act of kindness or favor
performed with politeness.
My lord, for your many courtesies I thank you. Shak.

3. Favor or indulgence, as distinguished from right; as, a title
given one by courtesy. Courtesy title, a title assumed by a person,
or popularly conceded to him, to which he has no valid claim; as, the
courtesy title of Lord prefixed to the names of the younger sons of
noblemen.

Syn.
 -- Politiness; urbanity; civility; complaisance; affability;
courteousness; elegance; refinement; courtliness; good breeding. See
Politeness.

COURTESY
Courte"sy (krt"s), n. Etym: [See the preceding word.]

Defn: An act of civility, respect, or reverence, made by women,
consisting of a slight depression or dropping of the body, with
bending of the kness. [Written also curtsy.]
The lady drops a courtesy in token of obedience, and the ceremony
proceeds as usual. Golgsmith.

COURTESY
Courte"sy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Courtesied (-sd);; p. pr. & vb. n.
Courtesyng.]

Defn: To make a respectful salutation or movement of respect; esp.
(with reference to women), to bow the body slightly, with bending of
the knes.

COURTESY
Courte"sy, v. t.

Defn: To treat with civility. [Obs.]

COURTHOUSE
Court"house`, n.

1. A house in which established courts are held, or a house
appropriated to courts and public meetings. [U.S.]

2. A county town; -- so called in Virginia and some others of the
Southern States.
Providence, the county town of Fairfax, is unknown by that name, and
passes as Fairfax Court House. Barlett.

COURTIER
Court"ier (krt"yr), n. Etym: [From Court.]

1. One who is in attendance at the court of a prince; one who has an
appointment at court.
You know I am no courtier, nor versed in state affairs. Bacon.
This courtier got a frigate, and that a company. Macualay.

2. One who courts or solicits favor; one who flatters.
There was not among all our princes a greater courtier of the people
than Richard III. Suckling.

COURTIERY
Court"ier*y (-), n.

Defn: The manners of a courtier; courtliness. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

COURT-LEET
Court"-leet` (-lt`), n. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A court of record held once a year, in a particular hundred,
lordship, or manor, before the steward of the leet. Blackstone.

COURTLIKE
Court"like` (-lk`), a.

Defn: After the manner of a court; elegant; polite; courtly.

COURTLINESS
Court"li*ness (-l-ns), n. Etym: [From Courtly.]

Defn: The quality of being courtly; elegance or dignity of manners.

COURTLING
Court"ling (-lng), n. Etym: [Court + -ling.]

Defn: A sycophantic courtier. B. Jonson.

COURTLY
Court"ly (-l), a. Etym: [From Court.]

1. Relating or belonging to a court.

2. Elegant; polite; courtlike; flattering.
In courtly company or at my beads. Shak.

3. Disposed to favor the great; favoring the policy or party of the
court; obsequious. Macualay.

COURTLY
Court"ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of courts; politely; gracefully; elegantly.
They can produce nothing so courtly writ. Dryden

COURT-MARTIAL
Court`-mar"tial (krt`mr"shal), n.; pl. Courts-martial (k.

Defn: A court consisting of military or naval officers, for the trial
of one belonging to the army or navy, or of offenses against military
or naval law.

COURT-MARTIAL
Court`-mar"tial, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Court-martialed (-shald); p. pr.
& vb. n. Court-martialing.]

Defn: To subject to trial by a court-martial.

COURT-PLASTER
Court"-plas`ter (krt"pls`tr), n.

Defn: Sticking plaster made by coating taffeta or silk on one side
with some adhesive substance, commonly a mixture of isinglass and
glycerin.

COURTSHIP
Court"ship (krt"shp), n.

1. The act of paying court, with the intent to solicit a favor.
Swift.

2. The act of wooing in love; solicitation of woman to marriage.
This method of courtship, [by which] both sides are prepared for all
the matrimonial adventures that are to follow. Goldsmith.

3. Courtliness; elegance of manners; courtesy. [Obs.]
Trim gallants, full of courtship and of state. Shak.

4. Court policy; the character of a courtier; artifice of a court;
court-craft; finesse. [Obs.]
She [the Queen] being composed of courtship and Popery. Fuller.

COURT TENNIS
Court" ten"nis (krt" tn"ns).

Defn: See under Tennis.

COURTYARD
Court"yard (krt"yrd`), n.

Defn: A court or inclosure attached to a house.

COUSCOUS
Cous"cous` (ks"ks`), n.

Defn: A kind of food used by the natives of Western Africa, made of
millet flour with flesh, and leaves of the baobab; -- called also
lalo.

COUSCOUSOU
Cous`cou*sou" (ks`k-s"), n.

Defn: A favorite dish in Barbary. See Couscous.

COUSIN
Cous"in (kz"'n), n. Etym: [F. cousin, LL. cosinus, cusinus, contr.
from L. consobrinus the child of a mother's sister, cousin; con- +
sobrinus a cousin by the mother's side, a form derived fr. soror
(forsosor) sister. See Sister, and cf. Cozen, Coz.]

1. One collaterally related more remotely than a brother or sister;
especially, the son or daughter of an uncle or aunt.

Note: The children of brothers and sisters are usually denominated
first cousins, or cousins-german. In the second generation, they are
called second cousins. See Cater-cousin, and Quater-cousin.
Thou art, great lord, my father's sister's son, A cousin-german to
great Priam's seed. Shak.

2. A title formerly given by a king to a nobleman, particularly to
those of the council. In English writs, etc., issued by the crown, it
signifies any earl.
My noble lords and cousins, all, good morrow. Shak.

COUSIN
Cous"in, n.

Defn: Allied; akin. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COUSINAGE
Cous"in*age (-j), n. Etym: [F. cousinage, OF., also, cosinage. Cf.
Cosinage, Cozenage.]

Defn: Relationship; kinship. [Obs.] Wyclif.

COUSIN-GERMAN
Cous"in-ger"man (-jr"man), n. Etym: [Cousin + german closely akin.]

Defn: A first cousin. See Note under Cousin, 1.

COUSINHOOD
Cous"in*hood (-hd), n.

Defn: The state or condition of a cousin; also, the collective body
of cousins; kinsfolk.

COUSINLY
Cous"in*ly, a.

Defn: Like or becoming a cousin.

COUSINRY
Cous"in*ry (kz"'n-r), n.

Defn: A body or collection of cousins; the whole number of persons
who stand in the relation of cousins to a given person or persons.

COUSINSHIP
Cous"in*ship, n.

Defn: The relationship of cousins; state of being cousins;
cousinhood. G. Eliot.

COUSSINET
Cous"si*net` (ks"s-nt`), n. Etym: [F., dim. of coussin cushion. See
Cushionet.] (Arch.)
(a) A stone placed on the impost of a pier for receiving the first
stone of an arch.
(b) That part of the Ionic capital between the abacus and quarter
round, which forms the volute. Gwilt.

COUTEAU
Cou*teau" (k-t"), n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A knife; a dagger.

COUTH
Couth (kth), imp. & p. p. of Can. Etym: [See Can, and cf. Uncouth.]

Defn: Could; was able; knew or known; understood. [Obs.]
Above all other one Daniel He loveth, for he couth well Divine, that
none other couth; To him were all thing couth, As he had it of God's
grace. Gower.

COUVADE
Cou`vade" (k`vd"), n. Etym: [F., fr. couver. See Covey.]

Defn: A custom, among certain barbarous tribes, that when a woman
gives birth to a child her husband takes to his bed, as if ill.
The world-wide custom of the couvade, where at childbirth the husband
undergoes medical treatment, in many cases being put to bed for days.
Tylor.

COUVEUSE
Cou`veuse", n. [F.] (Med.)

Defn: An incubator for sickly infants, esp. those prematurely born.

COVARIANT
Co*va"ri*ant (k-v"r-ant), n. (Higher Alg.)

Defn: A function involving the coefficients and the variables of a
quantic, and such that when the quantic is lineally transformed the
same function of the new variables and coefficients shall be equal to
the old function multiplied by a factor. An invariant is a like
function involving only the coefficients of the quantic.

COVE
Cove (kv), n. Etym: [AS. cofa room; akin to G. koben pigsty, orig.,
hut, Icel kofi hut, and perh. to E. cobalt.]

1. A retired nook; especially, a small, sheltered inlet, creek, or
bay; a recess in the shore.
Vessels which were in readiness for him within secret coves and
nooks. Holland.

2. A strip of prairie extending into woodland; also, a recess in the
side of a mountain. [U.S.]

3. (Arch.)
(a) A concave molding.
(b) A member, whose section is a concave curve, used especially with
regard to an inner roof or ceiling, as around a skylight.

COVE
Cove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coved (kvd); p. pr. & vb. n. Coving.]
(Arch.)

Defn: To arch over; to build in a hollow concave form; to make in the
form of a cove.
The mosques and other buildings of the Arabians are rounded into
domes and coved roofs. H. Swinburne.
Coved ceiling, a ceiling, the part of which next the wail is
constructed in a cove.
 -- Coved vault, a vault composed of four coves meeting in a central
point, and therefore the reverse of a groined vault.

COVE
Cove, v. t. Etym: [CF. F. couver, It. covare. See Covey.]

Defn: To brood, cover, over, or sit over, as birds their eggs. [Obs.]
Not being able to cove or sit upon them [eggs], she [the female
tortoise] bestoweth them in the gravel. Holland.

COVE
Cove, n. Etym: [A gypsy word, covo that man, covi that woman.]

Defn: A boy or man of any age or station. [Slang]
There's a gentry cove here. Wit's Recreations (1654).
Now, look to it, coves, that all the beef and drink Be not filched
from us. Mrs. Browning.

COVELLINE; COVELLITE
Co*vel"line (k-vl"ln), Co*vel"lite (-lt), n. Etym: [After Covelli,
the discoverer.] (Min.)

Defn: A native sulphide of copper, occuring in masses of a dark blue
color; -- hence called indigo copper.

COVENABLE
Cov"e*na*ble (kv"-n-b'l), a. Etym: [OF. covenable, F. convenable. See
Covenant.]

Defn: Fit; proper; suitable. [Obs.] "A covenable day." Wyclif (Mark
vi. 21).

COVENABLY
Cov"e*na*bly (kv"-n-bly), adv.

Defn: Fitly; suitably. [Obs.] "Well and covenably." Chaucer.

COVENANT
Cov"e*nant (kv"-nant), n. Etym: [OF. covenant, fr. F. & OF. convenir
to agree, L. convenire. See Convene.]

1. A mutual agreement of two or more persons or parties, or one of
the stipulations in such an agreement.
Then Jonathan and David made a covenant. 1 Sam. xviiii. 3.
Let there be covenants drawn between us. Shak.
If we conclude a peace, It shall be with such strict and severe
covenants As little shall the Frenchmen gain thereby. Shak.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: An agreement made by the Scottish Parliament in 1638, and by
the English Parliament in 1643, to preserve the reformed religion in
Scotland, and to extirpate popery and prelacy; -- usually called the
"Solemn League and Covenant."
He [Wharton] was born in the days of the Covenant, and was the heir
of a covenanted house. Macualay.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: The promises of God as revealed in the Scriptures, conditioned
on certain terms on the part of man, as obedience, repentance, faith,
etc.
I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed after
thee in their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be a God
unto thee, and to thy seed after thee. Gen. xvii. 7.

4. A solemn compact between members of a church to maintain its
faith, discipline, etc.

5. (Law)
(a) An undertaking, on sufficient consideration, in writing and under
seal, to do or to refrain from some act or thing; a contract; a
stipulation; also, the document or writing containing the terms of
agreement.
(b) A form of action for the violation of a promise or contract under
seal.

Syn.
 -- Agreement; contract; compact; bargain; arrangement; stipulation.
 -- Covenant, Contract, Compact, Stipulation. These words all denote
a mutual agreement between two parties. Covenant is frequently used
in a religious sense; as, the covenant of works or of grace; a church
covenant; the Solemn League and Covenant. Contract is the word most
used in the business of life. Crabb and Taylor are wrong in saying
that a contract must always be in writing. There are oral and implied
contracts as well as written ones, and these are equally enforced by
law. In legal usage, the word covenant has an important place as
connected with contracts. A compact is only a stronger and more
solemn contract. The term is chiefly applied to political alliances.
Thus, the old Confederation was a compact between the States. Under
the present Federal Constitution, no individual State can, without
consent of Congress, enter into a compact with any other State or
foreign power. A stipulation is one of the articles or provisions of
a contract.

COVENANT
Cov"e*nant (kv"-nnt), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Covenanted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Covenanting.]

Defn: To agree (with); to enter into a formal agreement; to bind
one's self by contract; to make a stipulation.
Jupiter covenanted with him, that it should be hot or cold, wet or
dry, . . . as the tenant should direct. L'Estrange.
And they covenanted with him for thyrty pieces of silver. Matt. xxvi.
15.

Syn.
 -- To agree; contract; bargain; stipulate.

COVENANT
Cov"e*nant, v. t.

Defn: To grant or promise by covenant.
My covenant of peace that I covenanted with you. Wyclif.

COVENANTEE
Cov`e*nan*tee" (kv`-nan-t"), n. (Law)

Defn: The person in whose favor a covenant is made.

COVENANTER
Cov"e*nant*er (kv"-nnt-r), n.

1. One who makes a covenant.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who subscribed and defended the "Solemn League and
Covenant." See Covenant.

COVENANTING
Cov"e*nant*ing, a.

Defn: Belonging to a covenant. Specifically, belonging to the Scotch
Covenanters.
Be they covenanting traitors, Or the brood of false Argyle Aytoun.

COVENANTOR
Cov"e*nant*or` (-r`), n. (Law)

Defn: The party who makes a covenant. Burrill.

COVENOUS
Cov"e*nous (kv"-ns), a.

Defn: See Covinous, and Covin.

COVENT
Cov"ent (kv"ent), n. Etym: [OF. covent, F. couvent. See Convent.]

Defn: A convent or monastery. [Obs.] Bale. Covent Garden, a large
square in London, so called because originally it was the garden of a
monastery.

COVENTRY
Cov"en*try (kv"en-tr), n.

Defn: A town in the county of Warwick, England. To send to Coventry,
to exclude from society; to shut out from social intercourse, as for
ungentlemanly conduct.
 -- Coventry blue, blue thread of a superior dye, made at Coventry,
England, and used for embroidery.

COVER
Cov"er (kv"r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Covered (-rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Covering.] Etym: [OF. covrir, F. couvrir, fr. L. cooperire; co- +
operire to cover; probably fr. ob towards, over + the root appearing
in aperire to open. Cf. Aperient, Overt, Curfew.]

1. To overspread the surface of (one thing) with another; as, to
cover wood with paint or lacquer; to cover a table with a cloth.

2. To envelop; to clothe, as with a mantle or cloak.
And with the majesty of darkness round Covers his throune. Milton.
All that beauty than doth cover thee. Shak.

3. To invest (one's self with something); to bring upon (one's self);
as, he covered himself with glory.
The powers that covered themselves with everlasting infamy by the
partition of Poland. Brougham.

4. To hide sight; to conceal; to cloak; as, the snemy were covered
from our sight by the woods.
A cloud covered the mount. Exod. xxiv. 15.
In vain shou striv'st to cover shame with shame. Milton.

5. To brood or sit on; to incubate.
While the hen is covering her eggs, the male . . . diverts her with
his songs. Addison.

6. To overwhelm; to spread over.
The waters returned and covered the chariots and the horsemen. Ex.
xiv. 28.

7. To shelter, as from evil or danger; to protect; to defend; as, the
cavalry covered the retreat.
His calm and blameless life Does with substantial blessedness abound,
And the soft wings of peace cover him round. Cowley.

8. To remove from remembrance; to put away; to remit."Blessed is he
whose is covered." Ps. xxxii. 1.

9. To extend over; to be sufficient for; to comprehend, include, or
embrace; to account for or solve; to counterbalance; as, a mortgage
which fully covers a sum loaned on it; a law which covers all
possible cases of a crime; receipts than do not cover expenses.

10. To put the usual covering or headdress on.
Cover thy head . . . ; nay, prithee, be covered. Shak.

11. To copulate with (a female); to serve; as. a horse covers a mare;
-- said of the male. To cover ground or distance, to pass over; as,
the rider covered the ground in an hour.
 -- To cover one's short contracts (Stock Exchange), to buy stock
when the market rises, as a dealer who has sold short does in order
to protect himself.
 -- Covering party (Mil.), a detachment of troops sent for the
protection of another detachment, as of men working in the trenches.
 -- To cover into, to transfer to; as, to cover into the treasury.

Syn.
 -- To shelter; screen; shield; hide; overspread.

COVER
Cov"er (kv"r), n.

1. Anything which is laid, set, or spread, upon, about, or over,
another thing; an envelope; a lid; as, the cover of a book.

2. Anything which weils or conceals; a screen; disguise; a cloack.
"Under cover of the night." Macualay.
A hendsome cover for imperfections. Collier.

3. Shelter; protection; as, the troops fought under cover of the
batteries; the woods afforded a good cover.
Being compelled to lodge in the field . . . whilst his army was under
cover, they might be forced to retire. Clarendon.

4. (Huntig)

Defn: The woods, underbrush, etc., which shelter and conceal game;
covert; as, to beat a cover; to ride to cover.

5. That portion of a slate, tile, or shingle, which is hidden by the
overlap of the course above. Knight.

6. (Steam Engine)

Defn: The lap of a slide valve.

7. Etym: [Cf. F. couvert.]

Defn: A tablecloth, and the other table furniture; esp., the table
furniture for the use of one person at a meal; as, covers were laid
for fifty guests. To break cover, to start from a covert or lair; --
said of game.
 -- Under cover, in an envelope, or within a letter; -- said of a
written message.
Letters . . . dispatched under cover to her ladyship. Thackeray.

COVER
Cov"er, v. i.

Defn: To spread a table for a meal; to prepare a banquet. [Obs.]
Shak.

COVERAGE
Cov"er*age, n.

Defn: The aggregate of risks covered by the terms of a contract of
insurance.

COVERCHIEF
Cov"er*chief (chf), n. Etym: [See Kerchef.]

Defn: A covering for the head. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COVERCLE
Cov"er*cle (kv"r-k'l), n. Etym: [OF. covercle, F. couvercle, fr. L.
coöperculum fr. coöperire. See cover]

Defn: A small cover; a lid. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

COVER CROP
Cov"er crop.

Defn: A catch crop planted, esp. in orchards. as a protection to the
soil in winter, as well as for the benefit of the soil when plowed
under in spring.

COVERED
Cov"ered (kv"rd), a.

Defn: Under cover; screened; sheltered; not exposed; hidden. Covered
way (Fort.), a corridor or banquette along the top of the
counterscarp and covered by an embankment whose slope forms the
glacis. It gives the garrisonn an open line of communication around
the works, and a standing place beyond the ditch. See Illust. of
Ravelin.

COVERER
Cov"er*er (-r), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, covers.

COVERING
Cov"er*ing, n.

Defn: Anything which covers or conceals, as a roof, a screen, a
wrapper, clothing, etc.
Noah removed the covering of the ark. Gen. viii. 13.
They cause the naked to lodge without clothing, that they have no
covering in the cold. Job. xxiv. 7.
A covering over the well's mouth. 2 Sam. xvii. 19.

COVERLET
Cov"er*let (kv"r-lt), n. Etym: [F. couvre-lit; couvrir to cover + lit
bed, fr. L. lectus bed. See Cover.]

Defn: The uppermost cover of a bed or of any piece of furniture.
Lay her in lilies and in violets . . . And odored sheets and arras
coverlets. Spenser.

COVERLID
Cov"er*lid (-ld), n.

Defn: A coverlet.
All the coverlid was clocth of gold. Tennyson.

COVER-POINT
Cov"er-point` (-point!), n.

Defn: The fielder in the games of cricket and lacrosse who supports
"point."

COVERSED SINE
Co*versed" sine (k-vrst" sn`). Etym: [Co- (=co- in co- sine) + versed
sine.] (Geom.)

Defn: The versed sine of the complement of an arc or angle. See
Illust. of Functions.

COVER-SHAME
Cov"er-shame` (-shm`), n.

Defn: Something used to conceal infamy. [Obs.] Dryden.

COVERSIDE
Cov"er*side`, n.

Defn: A region of country having covers; a hunting country.

COVERT
Cov"ert (kv"rt), a. Etym: [OF. covert, F. couvert, p. p. of couvrir.
See Cover, v. t.]

1. Covered over; private; hid; secret; disguised.
How covert matters may be best disclosed. Shak.
Whether of open war or covert guile. Milton

2. Sheltered; not open or exposed; retired; protected; as, a covert
nook. Wordsworth.
Of either side the green, to plant a covert alley. Bacon.

3. (Law)

Defn: Under cover, authority or protection; as, a feme covert, a
married woman who is considered as being under the protection and
control of her husband. Covert way, (Fort.) See Covered way, under
Covered.

Syn.
 -- Hidden; secret; private; covered; disguised; insidious;
concealed. See Hidden.

COVERT
Cov"ert, n. Etym: [OF. See Covert, a.]

1. A place that covers and protects; a shelter; a defense.
A tabernacle . . . for a covert from storm. Is. iv. 6.
The highwayman has darted from his covered by the wayside. Prescott.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. couverte.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the special feathers covering the bases of the quills of
the wings and tail of a bird. See Illust. of Bird.

COVERT BARON
Cov"ert bar`on (br`n). (Law)

Defn: Under the protection of a husband; married. Burrill.

COVERTLY
Cov"ert*ly, adv.

Defn: Secretly; in private; insidiously.

COVERTNESS
Cov"ert*ness (kv"rt-ns), n.

Defn: Secrecy; privacy. [R.]

COVERTURE
Cov"er*ture (kv"r-tr; 135), n. Etym: [OF. coverture,F.couverture.]

1. Covering; shelter; defence; hiding.
Protected by walls or other like coverture. Woodward.
Beatrice, who even now Is couched in the woodbine coverture. Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: The condition of a woman during marriage, because she is
considered under the cover, influence, power, and protection of her
husband, and therefore called a feme covert, or femme couverte.

COVET
Cov"et (kv"t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Covered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Coveting.] Etym: [OF. coveitier, covoitier, F. convoiter, from a
derivative fr. L. cupere to desire; cf. Skr. kup to become excited.
Cf. Cupidity.]

1. To wish for with eagerness; to desire possession of; -- used in a
good sen
Covet earnestly the best gifts. 1. Cor. xxii. 31.
If it be a sin to covet honor, I am the most offending soul alive.
Shak.

2. To long for inordinately or unlawfully; to hanker after (something
forbidden).
Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house. Ex. xx. 17.

Syn: To long for; desire; hanker after; crave.

COVET
Cov"et, v. i.

Defn: To have or indulge inordinate desire.
Which [money] while some coveted after, they have erred from the
faith. 1 Tim. vi. 10.

COVETABLE
Cov"et*a*ble (kv"t--b'l), a.

Defn: That may be coveted; desirable.

COVETER
Cov"et*er (-r), n.

Defn: One who covets.

COVETISE
Cov"et*ise (-s), n. Etym: [OF. coveitise, F. convoitise. See Covet,
v. t. ]

Defn: Avarice. [Obs.] Spenser.

COVETIVENESS
Cov"et*ive*ness (-v-), n. (Phren.)

Defn: Acquisitiveness.

COVETOUS
Cov"et*ous (kv"t-s), a. Etym: [OF. coveitos, F. convoiteux. See
Covet, v. t.]

1. Very desirous; eager to obtain; -- used in a good sense. [Archaic]
Covetous of wisdom and fair virtue. Shak.
Covetous death bereaved us all, To aggrandize one funeral. Emerson.

2. Inordinately desirous; excessively eager to obtain and possess
(esp. money); avaricious; -- in a bad sense.
The covetous person lives as if the world were madealtogether for
him, and not he for the world. South.

Syn.
 -- Avaricious; parsimonious; penurious; misrely; niggardly. See
Avaricious.

COVETOUSLY
Cov"et*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a covetous manner.

COVETOUSNESS
Cov"et*ous*ness, n.

1. Strong desire. [R.]
When workmen strive to do better than well, They do confound their
skill in covetousness. Shak.

2. A strong or inordinate desire of obtaining and possessing some
supposed good; excessive desire for riches or money; -- in a bad
sense.
Covetousness, by a greed of getting more, deprivess itself of the
true end of getting. Sprat.

Syn.
 -- Avarice; cupidity; eagerness.

COVEY
Cov"ey (kv"), n. Etym: [OF. cov, F. couv, fr. cover, F. couver, to
sit or brood on, fr. L. cubare to lie down; cf. E. incubate. See
Cubit, and cf. Cove to brood.]

1. A brood or hatch of birds; an old bird with her brood of young;
hence, a small flock or number of birds together; -- said of game;
as, a covey of partridges. Darwin.

2. A company; a bevy; as, a covey of girls. Addison.

COVEY
Cov"ey, v. i.

Defn: To brood; to incubate. [Obs.]
[Tortoises] covey a whole year before they hatch. Holland.

COVEY
Cov"ey, n.

Defn: A pantry. [Prov. Eng.] Parker.

COVIN
Cov"in (kv"n), n. Etym: [OF. covine, covaine, fr. covenir to agree.
See Covenant.]

1. (Law)

Defn: A collusive agreement between two or more persons to prejudice
a third.

2. Deceit; fraud; artifice. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COVING
Cov"ing, n. (Arch.)
 (a) A cove or series of coves, as the concaved surface under the
overhang of a projecting upper story.
 (b) The splayed jambs of a flaring fireplace.

COVINOUS
Cov"in*ous (kv"n-s), a. (Law)

Defn: Deceitful; collusive; fraudulent; dishonest.

COW
Cow (kou), n. Etym: [See Cowl a hood.]

Defn: A chimney cap; a cowl

COW
Cow, n.; pl. Cows (kouz); old pl. Kine (k. Etym: [OE. cu, cou, AS. c;
akin to D. koe, G. kuh, OHG. kuo, Icel. k, Dan. & Sw. ko, L. bos ox,
cow, Gr. g. sq. root223. Cf. Beef, Bovine, Bucolic, Butter, Nylghau.]

1. The mature female of bovine animals.

2. The female of certain large mammals, as whales, seals, etc.

COW
Cow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cowed (koud);; p. pr. & vb. n. Cowing.]
Etym: [Cf. Icel. kuga, Sw. kufva to check, subdue, Dan. kue. Cf.
Cuff, v. t.]

Defn: To depress with fear; to daunt the spirits or courage of; to
overawe.
To vanquish a people already cowed. Shak.
THe French king was cowed. J. R. Green.

COW
Cow, n. Etym: [Prob. from same root as cow, v.t.] (Mining)

Defn: A wedge, or brake, to check the motion of a machine or car; a
chock. Knight.

COWAGE
Cow"age (kou1j), n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Cowhage.

COWALKER
Co`walk"er, n.

Defn: A phantasmic or "astral" body deemed to be separable from the
physical body and capable of acting independently; a doppelgänger.

COWAN
Cow"an (kou"an), n. Etym: [Cf. OF. couillon a coward, a cullion.]

Defn: One who works as a mason without having served a regular
apprenticeship. [Scot.]

Note: Among Freemasons, it is a cant term for pretender, interloper.

COWARD
Cow"ard (kou"rd), a. Etym: [OF. couard, coard, coart, n. and adj., F.
couard, fr. OF. coe, coue, tail, F. queue (fr. L. coda, a form of
cauda tail) + -ard; orig., short-tailed, as an epithet of the hare,
or perh., turning tail, like a scared dog. Cf. Cue, Queue, Caudal.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: Borne in the escutcheon with his tail doubled between his legs;
-- said of a lion.

2. Destitute of courage; timid; cowardly.
Fie, coward woman, and soft-hearted wretch. Shak.

3. Belonging to a coward; proceeding from, or expressive of, base
fear or timidity.
He raised the house with loud and coward cries. Shak.
Invading fears repel my coward joy. Proir.

COWARD
Cow"ard, n.

Defn: A person who lacks courage; a timid or pusillanimous person; a
poltroon.
A fool is nauseous, but a coward worse. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Craven; poltroon; dastard.

COWARD
Cow"ard, v. t.

Defn: To make timoroys; to frighten. [Obs.]
That which cowardeth a man's heart. Foxe.

COWARDICE
Cow"ard*ice (-s), n. Etym: [F. couardise, fr. couard. See Coward.]

Defn: Want of courage to face danger; extreme timidity;
pusillanimity; base fear of danger or hurt; lack of spirit.
The cowardice of doing wrong. Milton.
Moderation was despised as cowardice. Macualay.

COWARDIE
Cow"ard*ie (kou"rd-), n. Etym: [OF. couardie.]

Defn: Cowardice. [Obs.]

COWARDISH
Cow"ard*ish, a.

Defn: Cowardly. [Obs.] " A base and a cowardish mind." Robynson
(More's Utopia).

COWARDIZE
Cow"ard*ize (-, v. t.

Defn: To render cowardly. [Obs.]
God . . . cowardizeth . . . insolent spirits. Bp. Hall.

COWARDLINESS
Cow"ard*li*ness (-l-ns), n.

Defn: Cowardice.

COWARDLY
Cow"ard*ly, a.

1. Wanting courage; basely or weakly timid or fearful; pusillanimous;
spiritless.
The cowardly rascals that ran from the battle. Shak.

2. Proceeding from fear of danger or other consequences; befitting a
coward; dastardly; base; as, cowardly malignity. Macualay.
The cowardly rashness of those who dare not look danger in the face.
Burke.

Syn.
 -- Timid; fearful; timorous; dastardly; pusillanimous; recreant;
craven; faint-hearted; chicken-hearted; white-livered.

COWARDLY
Cow"ard*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a coward. Spenser.

COWARDSHIP
Cow"ard*ship, n.

Defn: Cowardice. [Obs.] Shak.

COWBANE
Cow"bane` (kou"bn`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A poisonous umbelliferous plant; in England, the Cicuta virosa;
in the United States, the Cicuta maculata and the Archemora rigida.
See Water hemlock.

COWBERRY
Cow"ber`ry (-br`r), n.; pl. Cowberries (-r. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Vaccinium (V. Vitis-id), which bears acid red
berries which are sometimes used in cookery; -- locally called
mountain cranberry.

COWBIRD
Cow"bird` (-brd`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cow blackbird (Molothrus ater), an American starling. Like
the European cuckoo, it builds no nest, but lays its eggs in the
nests of other birds; -- so called because frequently associated with
cattle.

COWBLAKES
Cow"blakes` (-blks`), n. pl.

Defn: Dried cow dung used as fuel.[Prov. Eng.] Simmonds.

COWBOY
Cow"boy` (-boi`), n.

1. A cattle herder; a drover; specifically, one of an adventurous
class of herders and drovers on the plains of the Western and
Southwestern United States.

2. One of the marauders who, in the Revolutionary War infested the
neutral ground between the American and British lines, and committed
depredations on the Americans.

COWCATCHER
Cow"catch`er (-kch`r), n.

Defn: A strong inclined frame, usually of wrought-iron bars, in front
of a locomotive engine, for catching or throwing off obstructions on
a railway, as cattle; the pilot. [U.S.]

COWDIE
Cow"die (kou"d), n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Kauri.

COWER
Cow"er (-r), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cowered (-rd);p. pr. & vb. n.
Cowering.] Etym: [Cf. Icel. kera to doze, liequiet, Sw. kura, Dan.
kure, G. kauern to cower, W. cwrian.]

Defn: To stoop by bending the knees; to crouch; to squat; hence, to
quail; to sink through fear.
Our dame sits cowering o'er a kitchen fire. Dryden.
Like falcons, cowering on the nest. Goldsmith.

COWER
Cow"er (kou"r), v. t.

Defn: To cherish with care. [Obs.]

COWFISH
Cow"fish` (-fch`), n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The grampus.
(b) A California dolphin (Tursiops Gillii).
(c) A marine plectognath fish (Ostracoin quadricorne, and allied
species), having two projections, like horns, in front; -- called
also cuckold, coffer fish, trunkfish.

COWHAGE
Cow"hage (kou"hj), n. Etym: [Cf. Hind. kaw, ko.] (Bot.)

Defn: A leguminous climbing plant of the genus Mucuna, having crooked
pods covered with sharp hairs, which stick to the fingers, causing
intolerable itching. The spiculæ are sometimes used in medicine as a
mechanical vermifuge. [Written also couhage, cowage, and cowitch.]

COWHEARTED
Cow"heart`ed (-hrt`d), a.

Defn: Cowardly.
The Lady Powis . . . patted him with her fan, and called him a
cowhearted fellow. R. North.

COWHERD
Cow"herd` (-hrd`), n. Etym: [AS. c; c cow + hyrde a herder.]

Defn: One whose occupation is to tend cows.

COWHIDE
Cow"hide` (-hd`), n.

1. The hide of a cow.

2. Leather made of the hide of a cow.

3. A coarse whip made of untanned leather.

COWHIDE
Cow"hide`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cowhided; p. pr. & vb. n. Cowhiding.]

Defn: To flog with a cowhide.

COWISH
Cow"ish (kou"sh), a. Etym: [From Cow, v. t.]

Defn: Timorous; fearful; cowardly. [R.] Shak.

COWISH
Cow"ish, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant (Peucedanum Cous) with edible tuberous
roots, found in Oregon. [Written also cous.]

COWITCH
Cow"itch (kou"ch; 224), n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Cowhage.

COWL
Cowl (koul), n. Etym: [AS cuhle, cugle, cugele; cf. dial. G. kogel,
gugel, OF. coule, goule; all fr. LL. cuculla, cucullus, fr. L.
cucullus cap, hood; perh. akin to celare to conceal, cella cell. Cf.
Cucullate.]

1. A monk's hood; -- usually attached to the gown. The nname was also
applied to the hood and garment together.
What differ more, you cry, than crown and cowl Pope.

2. A cowl-shaped cap, commonly turning with the wind, used to improve
the draft of a chimney, ventilatingshaft, etc.

3. A wire cap for the smokestack of a locomotive.

COWL
Cowl, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. cuvele, cuvel, dim. of F. cuve tub, vat, fr.
L. cupa. See Cup.]

Defn: A vessel carried on a pole between two persons, for conveyance
of water. Johnson.

COWLED
Cowled (kould), a.

Defn: Wearing a cowl; hooded; as, a cowled monk. "That cowled
churchman." Emerson.

COWLEECH
Cow"leech` (kou"lch`), n. Etym: [2d cow + leech a physician.]

Defn: One who heals disease of cows; a cow doctor.

COWLEECHING
Cow"leech`ing, n.

Defn: Healing the distemper of cows.

COWLICK
Cow"lick` (-lk`), n.

Defn: A tuft of hair turned up or awry (usually over the forehead),
as if licked by a cow.

COWLIKE
Cow"like` (-lk`), a.

Defn: Resembling a cow.
With cowlike udders and with oxlike eyes. Pope.

COWLSTAFF
Cowl"staff` (koul"stf`), n. Etym: [Cowl a vessel + staff.]

Defn: A staff or pole on which a vessel is supported between two
persons. Suckling.

COWORKER
Co`work"er (k`wrk"r), n.

Defn: One who works with another; a co

COW PARSLEY
Cow" pars`ley (kou` prs`l). (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant of the genus Chærophyllum (C. temulum
and C. sylvestre).

COW PARSNIP
Cow" pars`nip (-np). (Bot.)

Defn: A coarse umbelliferous weed of the genus Heracleum (H.
sphondylium in England, and H. lanatum in America).

COWPEA
Cow"pea` (-p`), n.

Defn: The seed of one or more leguminous plants of the genus
Dolichos; also, the plant itself. Many varieties are cultivated in
the southern part of the United States.

COWPER'S GLANDS
Cow"per's glands` (kou"prz glndz`). Etym: [After the discoverer,
William Cowper, an English surgeon.] (Anat.)

Defn: Two small glands discharging into the male urethra.

COW-PILOT
Cow"-pi`lot (kou"p`lt), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A handsomely banded, coral-reef fish, of Florida and the West
Indies (Pomacentrus saxatilis); -- called also mojarra.

COWPOCK
Cow"pock` (-pk`), n.

Defn: See Cowpox. Dunglison.

COWPOX
Cow"pox` (--pks`), n. (Med.)

Defn: A pustular eruptive disease of the cow, which, when
communicated to the human system, as by vaccination, protects from
the smallpox; vaccinia; -- called also kinepox, cowpock, and
kinepock. Dunglison.

COWQUAKE
Cow"quake` (-kwk`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants (Briza); quaking grass.

COWRIE
Cow"rie (-r), n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Kauri.

COWRIE; COWRY
Cow"rie Cow"ry (kou"r), n.; pl. Cowries (-r. Etym: [Hind. kaur.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine shell of the genus Cypræa.

Note: There are numerous species, many of them ornamental. Formerly
C. moneta and several other species were largely used as money in
Africa and some other countries, and they are still so used to some
extent. The value is always trifling, and varies at different places.

COWSLIP
Cow"slip` (-slp`), n. Etym: [AS. c, c, prob. orig., cow's droppings.
Cf. Slop, n.] (Bot.)

1. A common flower in England (Primula veris) having yellow blossoms
and appearing in early spring. It is often cultivated in the United
States.

2. In the United States, the marsh marigold (Caltha palustris),
appearing in wet places in early spring and often used as a pot herb.
It is nearer to a buttercup than to a true cowslip. See Illust. of
Marsh marigold. American cowslip (Bot.), a pretty flower of the West
(Dodecatheon Meadia), belonging to the same order (Primulaceæ) with
the English cowslip.
 -- French cowslip (Bot.), bear's-ear (Primula Auricula).

COWSLIPPED
Cow"slipped` (-slpt`), a.

Defn: Adorned with cowslips. "Cowslipped lawns." Keats.

COW'S LUNGWORT
Cow's" lung"wort` (kouz" lng"wrt`).

Defn: Mullein.

COW TREE
Cow" tree` (kou" tr`). Etym: [Cf. SP. palo de vaca.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tree (Galactodendron utile or Brosimum Galactodendron) of
South America, which yields, on incision, a nourishing fluid,
resembling milk.

COWWEED
Cow"weed" (-wEd`),, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Cow parsley.

COWWHEAT
Cow"wheat` (-hwt`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A weed of the genus Melampyrum, with black seeds, found on
European wheatfields.

COX
Cox (kks), n. Etym: [OE. cokes. Cf. Coax.]

Defn: A coxcomb; a simpleton; a gull. [Obs.]
Go; you're a brainless cox, a toy, a fop. Beau. & Fl.

COXA
Cox"a (kks"), n. Etym: [L., the hip.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The first joint of the leg of an insect or crustacean.

COXALGIA; COXALGY
Cox*al"gi*a (-l"j-), Cox"al`gy (kks"l`j), n. Etym: [NL. coxalgia, fr.
L. coxa hip. + Gr. coxalgie.] (Med.)

Defn: Pain in the hip.

COXCOMB
Cox"comb` (kks"km`), n. Etym: [A corrupted spelling of cock's comb.]

1.
(a) A strip of red cloth notched like the comb of a cock, which
licensed jesters formerly wore in their caps.
(b) The cap itself.

2. The top of the head, or the head itself.
We will belabor you a little better, And beat a little more care into
your coxcombs. Beau & Fl.

3. A vain, showy fellow; a conceited, silly man, fond of display; a
superficial pretender to knowledge or accomplishments; a fop.
Fond to be seen, she kept a bevy Of powdered coxcombs at her levee.
Goldsmith.
Some are bewildered in the maze of schools, And some made coxcombs,
nature meant but fools. Pope.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several plants of different genera, but
particularly to Celosia cristata, or garden cockscomb. Same as
Cockscomb.

COXCOMBICAL
Cox*comb"ic*al (kks-km"-kal), a.

Defn: Befitting or indicating a coxcomb; like a coxcomb; foppish;
conceited.
 -- Cox*comb"ic*al*ly, adv.
Studded all over in coxcombical fashion with little brass nails. W.
Irving.

COXCOMBLY
Cox"comb"ly (kks"km`l), a.

Defn: like a coxcomb. [Obs.] "You coxcombly ass, you!" Beau & Fl.

COXCOMBRY
Cox"comb`ry (-r), n.

Defn: The manners of a coxcomb; foppishness.

COXCOMICAL
Cox*com"ic*al (kks-km"-kal), a.

Defn: Coxcombical. [R.]

COXCOMICALLY
Cox*com"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Conceitedly. [R.]

COXSWAIN
Cox"swain` (kk"swn, Colloq. kk"s'n), n.

Defn: See Cockswain.

COY
Coy (koi), a. Etym: [OE. coi quiet, still, OF. coi, coit, fr.L.
quietus quiet, p. p. of quiescere to rest, quie rest; prob. akin to
E. while. See While, and cf. Quiet, Quit, Quite.]

1. Quiet; still. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Shrinking from approach or familiarity; reserved; bashful; shy;
modest; -- usually applied to women, sometimes with an implication of
coquetry.
Coy, and difficult to win. Cowper.
Coy and furtive graces. W. Irving.
Nor the coy maid, half willings to be pressed, Shall kiss the cup, to
pass it to the rest. Goldsmith.

3. Soft; gentle; hesitating.
Enforced hate, Instead of love's coy touch, shall rudely tear thee.
Shak.

Syn.
 -- Shy; shriking; reserved; modest; bashful; backward; distant.

COY
Coy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coyed (koid); p. pr. & vb. n. Coying.]

1. To allure; to entice; to decoy. [Obs.]
A wiser generation, who have the art to coy the fonder sort into
their nets. Bp. Rainbow.

2. To caress with the hand; to stroke.
Come sit thee down upon this flowery bed, While I thy amiable cheeks
do coy. Shak.

COY
Coy, v. i.

1. To behave with reserve or coyness; to shrink from approach or
familiarity. [Obs.]
Thus to coy it, With one who knows you too! Rowe.

2. To make difficulty; to be unwilling. [Obs.]
If he coyed To hear Cominius speak, I 'll keep at home. Shak.

COYISH
Coy"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat coy or reserved. Warner.

COYLY
Coy"ly, adv.

Defn: In a coy manner; with reserve.

COYNESS
Coy"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being coy; feigned o
When the kind nymph would coyness feign, And hides but to be found
again. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Reserve; shrinking; shyness; backwardness; modesty; bashfulness.

COYOTE
Coy"o*te (k"-t or k"t), n. Etym: [Spanish Amer., fr. Mexican coyotl.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A carnivorous animal (Canis latrans), allied to the dog, found
in the western part of North America; -- called also prairie wolf.
Its voice is a snapping bark, followed by a prolonged, shrill howl.

COYOTE STATE
Coyote State.

Defn: South Dakota; -- a nickname.

COYOTILLO
Co`yo*til"lo, n. [Mex. Sp. dim. See Coyote.]

Defn: A low rhamnaceous shrub (Karwinskia humboldtiana) of the
southwestern United States and Mexico. Its berries are said to be
poisonous to the coyote.

COYPU
Coy"pu (koi"p), n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American rodent (Myopotamus coypus), allied to the
beaver. It produces a valuable fur called nutria. [Written also
coypou.]

COYSTREL
Coys"trel (kois"trl), n.

Defn: Same as Coistril.

COZ
Coz (kz), n.

Defn: A contraction of cousin. Shak.

COZEN
Coz"en (kz"'n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cozened (-'nd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cozening (-'n-ng). ] Etym: [From cousin, hence, literally, to deceive
through pretext of relationship, F. cousiner.]

Defn: To cheat; to defrand; to beguile; to deceive, usually by small
arts, or in a pitiful way.
He had cozened the world by fine phrases. Macualay.
Children may be cozened into a knowledge of the letters. Locke.
Goring loved no man so well but that he would cozen him, and expose
him to public mirth for having been cozened. Clarendon.

COZEN
Coz"en, v. i.

Defn: To deceive; to cheat; to act deceitfully.
Some cogging,cozening slave. Shak.

COZENAGE
Coz"en*age (-j), n. Etym: [See Cozen, and cf. Cousinage.]

Defn: The art or practice of cozening; artifice; fraud. Shak.

COZENER
Coz"en*er (kz"'n-r), n.

Defn: One who cheats or defrauds.

COZIER
Co*zier (k"zhr), n.

Defn: See Cosier.

COZILY
Co"zi*ly (k"z-l), adv.

Defn: Snugly; comfortably.

COZINESS
Co"zi*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being cozy.

COZY
Co"zy (k"z), a. [Compar. Cozier (-z-r); superl. Coziest.] Etym: [Cf.
Scot. cosie, cozie, prob. from Gael. cosach abounding in hollows, or
cosagach full of holes or crevices, snug, sheltered, from cos a
hollow, a crevice.]

1. Snug; comfortable; easy; contented. [Written also cosey and cosy.]

2. Etym: [Cf. F. causer to chat, talk.]

Defn: Chatty; talkative; sociable; familiar. [Eng.]

COZY
Co"zy, n. Etym: [See Cozy,a.]

Defn: A wadded covering for a teakettle or other vessel to keep the
contents hot.

CRAB
Crab (krb), n. Etym: [AS. crabba; akin to D. krab, G. krabbe, krebs,
Icel. krabbi, Sw. krabba, Dan. krabbe, and perh. to E. cramp. Cf.
Crawfish.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the brachyuran Crustacea. They are mostly marine, and
usually have a broad, short body, covered with a strong shell or
carapace. The abdomen is small and curled up beneath the body.

Note: The name is applied to all the Brachyura, and to certain
Anomura, as the hermit crabs. Formerly, it was sometimes applied to
Crustacea in general. Many species are edible, the blue crab of the
Atlantic coast being one of the most esteemed. The large European
edible crab is Cancer padurus. Soft-shelled crabs are blue crabs that
have recently cast their shells. See Cancer; also, Box crab, Fiddler
crab, Hermit crab, Spider crab, etc., under Box, Fiddler. etc.

2. The zodiacal constellation Cancer.

3. Etym: [See Crab, a.] (Bot.)

Defn: A crab apple; -- so named from its harsh taste.
When roasted crabs hiss in the bowl, Then nightly sings the staring
owl. Shak.

4. A cudgel made of the wood of the crab tree; a crabstick. [Obs.]
Garrick.

5. (Mech.)
(a) A movable winch or windlass with powerful gearing, used with
derricks, etc.
(b) A form of windlass, or geared capstan, for hauling ships into
dock, etc.
(c) A machine used in ropewalks to stretch the yarn.
(d) A claw for anchoring a portable machine. Calling crab. (Zoöl.)
See Fiddler., n., 2.
 -- Crab apple, a small, sour apple, of several kinds; also, the tree
which bears it; as, the European crab apple (Pyrus Malus
var.sylvestris); the Siberian crab apple (Pyrus baccata); and the
American (Pyrus coronaria).
 -- Crab grass. (Bot.) (a) A grass (Digitaria, or Panicum,
sanguinalis); -- called also finger grass. (b) A grass of the genus
Eleusine (E. Indica); -- called also dog's-tail grass, wire grass,
etc.
 -- Crab louse (Zoöl.), a species of louse (Phthirius pubis),
sometimes infesting the human body.
 -- Crab plover (Zoöl.), an Asiatic plover (Dromas ardeola).
 -- Crab's eyes, or Crab's stones, masses of calcareous matter found,
at certain seasons of the year, on either side of the stomach of the
European crawfishes, and formerly used in medicine for absorbent and
antacid purposes; the gastroliths.
 -- Crab spider (Zoöl.), one of a group of spiders (Laterigradæ); --
called because they can run backwards or sideways like a crab.
 -- Crab tree, the tree that bears crab applies.
 -- Crab wood, a light cabinet wood obtained in Guiana, which takes a
high polish. McElrath.
 -- To catch a crab (Naut.), a phrase used of a rower: (a) when he
fails to raise his oar clear of the water; (b) when he misses the
water altogether in making a stroke.

CRAB
Crab (krb), v. t.

1. To make sour or morose; to embitter. [Obs.]
Sickness sours or crabs our nature. Glanvill.

2. To beat with a crabstick. [Obs.] J. Fletcher.

CRAB
Crab, v. i. (Naut.)

Defn: To drift sidewise or to leeward, as a vessel. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

CRAB
Crab, a. Etym: [Prob. from the same root as crab, n.]

Defn: Sour; rough; austere.
The crab vintage of the neighb'ring coast. Dryden.

CRABBED
Crab"bed (krb"bd), a. Etym: [See Crab,n.]

1. Characterized by or manifesting, sourness, peevishness, or
moroseness; harsh; cross; cynical; -- applied to feelings,
disposition, or manners.
Crabbed age and youth can not live together. Shak.

2. Characterized by harshness or roughness; unpleasant; -- applied to
things; as, a crabbed taste.

3. Obscure; difficult; perplexing; trying; as, a crabbed author.
"Crabbed eloquence." Chaucer.
How charming is divine philosophy! Not harsh and crabbed, as dull
fools suppose. Milton.

4. Cramped; irregular; as, crabbed handwriting.
 -- Crab"bed*ly, adv.
 -- Crab"bed*ness, n.

CRABBER
Crab"ber (krb"br), n.

Defn: One who catches crabs.

CRABBING
Crab"bing, n.

1. The act or art of catching crabs.

2. (Falconry)

Defn: The foghting of hawks with each other.

3. (Woolem Manuf.)

Defn: A process of scouring clocth be

CRABBISH
Crab"bish (krb"bsh), a.

Defn: Somewhat sour or cross.
The wips of the most crabbish Satyristes. Decker.

CRABBY
Crab"by (-b), a.

Defn: Crabbed; difficult, or perplexing. "Persius is crabby, because
ancient." Marston.

CRABEATER
Crab"eat`er (krb"t`r), n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The cobia.
(b) An etheostomoid fish of the southern United States (Hadropterus
nigrofasciatus).
(c) A small European heron (Ardea minuta, and other allied species).

CRABER
Cra"ber (kr"br), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The water rat. Walton.

CRABFACED
Crab"faced` (krb"fst`), a.

Defn: Having a sour, disagreeable countenance. Beau & Fl.

CRABSIDLE
Crab"si`dle (-s`d'l), v. i.

Defn: To move sidewise, as a crab. [Jocular]. Southey.

CRABSTICK
Crab"stick` (-stk`), n.

Defn: A stick, cane, or cudgel, made of the wood of the carb tree.

CRAB TREE
Crab" tree (tr`).

Defn: See under Crab.

CRAB-YAWS
Crab"-yaws` (krb"yz`), n. (Med.)

Defn: A disease in the West Indies. It is a kind of ulcer on the
soles of the feet, with very hard edges. See Yaws. Dunglison.

CRACHE
Crache (krch), v.

Defn: To scratch. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CRACK
Crack (krk), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cracked (krkt); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cracking.] Etym: [OE. cracken, craken, to crack, break, boast, AS.
cracian, cearcian, to crack; akin to D. kraken, G. krachen; cf. Skr.
garj to rattle, or perh. of imitative origin. Cf. Crake, Cracknel,
Creak.]

1. To break or burst, with or without entire separation of the parts;
as, to crack glass; to crack nuts.

2. To rend with grief or pain; to affect deeply with sorrow; hence,
to disorder; to distract; to craze.
O, madam, my old hear is cracked. Shak.
He thought none poets till their brains were cracked. Roscommon.

3. To cause to sound suddenly and sharply; to snap; as, to crack a
whip.

4. To utter smartly and sententiously; as, to crack a joke. B.
Jonson.

5. To cry up; to extol; -- followed by up. [Low] To crack a bottle,
to open the bottle and drink its contents.
 -- To crack a crib, to commit burglary. [Slang] -- To crack on, to
put on; as, to crack on more sail, or more steam. [Colloq.]

CRACK
Crack, v. i.

1. To burst or open in chinks; to break, with or without quite
separating into parts.
By misfortune it cracked in the coling. Boyle.
The mirror cracked from side to side. Tennyson.

2. To be ruined or impaired; to fail. [Collog.]
The credit . . . of exchequers cracks, when little comes in and much
goes out. Dryden.

3. To utter a loud or sharp, sudden sound.
As thunder when the clouds in autumn crack. Shak.

4. To utter vain, pompous words; to brag; to boast; -- with of.
[Archaic.]
Ethoipes of their sweet complexion crack. Shak.

CRACK
Crack, n.

1. A partial separation of parts, with or without a perceptible
opening; a chink or fissure; a narrow breach; a crevice; as, a crack
in timber, or in a wall, or in glass.

2. Ropture; flaw; breach, in a moral sense.
My love to thee is sound, sans crack or flaw. Shak.

3. A sharp, sudden sound or report; the sound of anything suddenly
burst or broken; as, the crack of a falling house; the crack of
thunder; the crack of a whip.
Will the stretch out to the crack of doom Shak.

4. The tone of voice when changed at puberty.
Though now our voices Have got the mannish crack. Shak.

5. Mental flaw; a touch of craziness; partial insanity; as, he has a
crack.

6. A crazy or crack-brained person. [Obs.]
I . . . can not get the Parliament to listen to me, who look upon me
as a crack and a projector. Addison.

7. A boast; boasting. [Obs.] "Crack and brags." Burton. "Vainglorius
cracks." Spenser.

8. Breach of chastity. [Obs.] Shak.

9. A boy, generally a pert, lively boy. [Obs.]
Val. 'Tis a noble child. Vir. A crack, madam. Shak.

10. A brief time; an instant; as, to be with one in a crack. [Eng. &
Scot. Colloq.]

11. Free conversation; friendly chat. [Scot.]
What is crack in English . . . Acrack . . . a chat with a good,
kindly human heart in it. P. P. Alexander.

CRACK
Crack, a.

Defn: Of superior excellence; having qualities to be boasted of.
[Colloq.]
One of our crack speakers in the Commons. Dickens.

CRACKAJACK
Crack"a*jack`, n.

1. An individual of marked ability or excellence, esp. in some sport;
as, he is a crackajack at tennis. [Slang]

2.  A preparation of popped corn, candied and pressed into small
cakes. [U. S.]

CRACKAJACK
Crack"a*jack`, a.

Defn: Of marked ability or excellence. [Slang]

CRACK-BRAINED
Crack"-brained` (-brnd`), a.

Defn: Having an impaired intellect; whimsical; crazy. Pope.

CRACKED
Cracked (krkt), a.

1. Coarsely ground or broken; as, cracked wheat.

2. Crack-brained. [Colloq.]

CRACKER
Crack"er (krk"r), n.

1. One who, or that which, cracks.

2. A noisy boaster; a swaggering fellow. [Obs.]
What cracker is this same that deafs our ears Shak.

3. A small firework, consisting of a little powder inclossed in a
thick paper cylinder with a fuse, and exploding with a sharp noise; -
- often called firecracker.

4. A thin, dry biscuit, often hard or crisp; as, a Boston cracker; a
Graham cracker; a soda cracker; an oyster cracker.

5. A nickname to designate a poor white in some parts of the Southern
United States. Bartlett.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pintail duck.

7. pl. (Mach.)

Defn: A pair of fluted rolls for grinding caoutchouc. Knight.

CRACKER STATE
Cracker State.

Defn: Georgia; -- a nickname. See Cracker, n. 5.

CRACKLE
Crac"kle (krk"k'l), v. i. Etym: [Dim. of crack.]

Defn: To make slight cracks; to make small, sharp, sudden noises,
rapidly or frequently repeated; to crepitate; as, burning thorns
crackle.
The unknown ice that crackles underneath them. Dryden.

CRACKLE
Crac"kle, n.

1. The noise of slight and frequent cracks or reports; a crackling.
The crackle of fireworks. Carlyle.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A kind of crackling sound or râle, heard in some abnormal
states of the lungs; as, dry crackle; moist crackle. Quain.

3. (Fine Arts)

Defn: A condition produced in certain porcelain, fine earthenware, or
glass, in which the glaze or enamel appears to be cracked in all
directions, making a sort of reticulated surface; as, Chinese
crackle; Bohemian crackle.

CRACKLED
Crac"kled (-k'ld), a. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Covered with minute cracks in the glaze; -- said of some kinds
of porcelain and fine earthenware.

CRACKLEWARE
Crac"kle*ware` (-wr`), n.

Defn: See Crackle, n., 3.

CRACKLING
Crac"kling (krk"klng), n.

1. The making of small, sharp cracks or reports, frequently repeated.
As the crackling of thorns under a pot, so is the laughter of the
fool. Eccl. vii. 6.

2. The well-browned, crisp rind of roasted pork.
For the first time in his life he tested crackling. Lamb.

3. pl.

Defn: Food for dogs, made from the refuse of tallow melting.

CRACK-LOO; CRACKALOO
Crack"-loo`, n. Also Crack"a*loo` .

Defn: A kind of gambling game consisting in pitching coins to or
towards the ceiling of a room so that they shall fall as near as
possible to a certain crack in the floor. [Gamblers' Cant, U. S.]

CRACKNEL
Crack"nel (krk"nl), n. Etym: [F. craquelin, fr. D. krakeling, fr.
krakken to crack. See Crack, v. t.]

Defn: A hard brittle cake or biscuit. Spenser.

CRACKSMAN
Cracks"man (krks"man), n., pl. Cracksmen (-men).

Defn: A burglar. [Slang]

CRACOVIAN
Cra*co"vi*an (kr-k"v-an), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Cracow in Poland.

CRACOVIENNE
Cra*co`vi*enne" (kr-k`v-n"), n. Etym: [F., fr. Cracow, the city.]
(Mus.)

Defn: A lively Polish dance, in 2-4 time.

CRACOWES
Cra"cowes (kr"kz), n. pl.

Defn: Long-toed boots or shoes formerly worn in many parts of Europe;
-- so called from Cracow, in Poland, where they were first worn in
the fourteenth century. Fairholt.

CRADLE
Cra"dle (krd'l), n. Etym: [AS. cradel, cradol, prob. from Celtic; cf.
Gael. creathall, Ir. craidhal, W. cryd a shaking or rocking, a
cradle; perh. akin to E. crate.]

1. A bed or cot for a baby, oscillating on rockers or swinginng on
pivots; hence, the place of origin, or in which anything is nurtured
or protected in the earlier period of existence; as, a cradle of
crime; the cradle of liberty.
The cradle that received thee at thy birth. Cowper.
No sooner was I crept out of my cradle But I was made a king, at nine
months old. Shak.

2. Infancy, or very early life.
From their cradles bred together. Shak.
A form of worship in which they had been educated from their cradles.
Clarendon.

3. (Agric.)

Defn: An implement consisting of a broad scythe for cutting grain,
with a set of long fingers parallel to the scythe, designed to
receive the grain, and to lay it eventlyin a swath.

4. (Engraving)

Defn: A tool used in mezzotint engraving, which, by a rocking motion,
raises burrs on the surface of the plate, so preparing the ground.

5. A framework of timbers, or iron bars, moving upon ways or rollers,
used to support, lift, or carry ships or other vessels, heavy guns,
etc., as up an inclined plane, or across a strip of land, or in
launching a ship.

6. (Med.)
(a) A case for a broken or dislocated limb.
(b) A frame to keep the bedclothes from conntact with the person.

7. (Mining)
(a) A machine on rockers, used in washing out auriferous earth; --
also called a rocker. [U.S.]
(b) A suspended scaffold used in shafts.

8. (Carp.)

Defn: The ribbing for vaulted ceilings and arches intended to be
covered with plaster. Knight.

9. (Naut.)

Defn: The basket or apparatus in which, when a line has been made
fast to a wrecked ship from the shore, the people are brought off
from the wreck. Cat's cradle. See under Cat.
 -- Cradle hole, a sunken place in a road, caused by thawing, or by
travel over a soft spot.
 -- Cradle scythe, a broad scythe used in a cradle for cutting grain.

CRADLE
Cra"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cradled (-d'ld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cradling (-dlng).]

1. To lay to rest, or rock, as in a cradle; to lull or quiet, as by
rocking.
It cradles their fears to sleep. D. A. Clark.

2. To nurse or train in infancy.
He that hath been cradled in majesty will not leave the throne to
play with beggars. Glanvill.

3. To cut and lay with a cradle, as grain.

4. To transport a vessel by means of a cradle.
In Lombardy . . . boats are cradled and transported over the grade.
Knight.
To cradle a picture, to put ribs across the back of a picture, to
prevent the panels from warping.

CRADLE
Cra"dle, v. i.

Defn: To lie or lodge, as in a cradle.
Withered roots and husks wherein the acorn cradled. Shak.

CRADLELAND
Cra"dle*land` (kra"d'l*land`), n.

Defn: Land or region where one was cradled; hence, land of origin.

CRADLING
Cra"dling (-dlng), n.

1. The act of using a cradle.

2. (Coopering)

Defn: Cutting a cask into two pieces lengthwise, to enable it to pass
a narrow place, the two parts being afterward united and rehooped.

3. (Carp.)

Defn: The framework in arched or coved ceilings to which the laths
are nailed. Knight.

CRAFT
Craft (krft), n. Etym: [AS. cr strength, skill, art, cunning; akin to
OS., G., Sw., & Dan. kraft strength, D. kracht, Icel. kraptr; perh.
originally, a drawing together, stretching, from the root of E.
cramp.]

1. Strength; might; secret power. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Art or skill; dexterity in particular manual employment; hence,
the occupation or employment itself; manual art; a trade.
Ye know that by this craft we have our wealth. Acts xix. 25.
A poem is the work of the poet; poesy is his skill or craft of
making. B. Jonson.
Since the birth of time, throughout all ages and nations, Has the
craft of the smith been held in repute. Longfellow.

3. Those engaged in any trade, taken collectively; a guild; as, the
craft of ironmongers.
The control of trade passed from the merchant guilds to the new craft
guilds. J. R. Green.

4. Cunning, art, or skill, in a bad sense, or applied to bad
purposes; artifice; guile; skill or dexterity employed to effect
purposes by deceit or shrewd devices.
You have that crooked wisdom which is called craft. Hobbes.
The chief priets and the scribes sought how they might take him by
craft, and put him to death. Mark xiv. 1.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel; vessels of any kind; -- generally used in a
collective sense.
The evolutions of the numerous tiny craft moving over the lake. Prof.
Wilson.
Small crafts, small vessels, as sloops, schooners, ets.

CRAFT
Craft, v.t.

Defn: To play tricks; to practice artifice. [Obs.]
You have crafted fair. Shak.

CRAFTER
crafter n.

Defn: a creator of great skill in the manual arts.
Syn. -- craftsman.
[WordNet 1.5]

CRAFTILY
Craft"i*ly (--l), adv. Etym: [See Crafty.]

Defn: With craft; artfully; cunningly.

CRAFTINESS
Craft"i*ness (krft"-ns), n.

Defn: Dexterity in devising and effecting a purpose; cunning;
artifice; stratagem.
He taketh the wise in their own craftiness. Job. v. 13.

CRAFTLESS
Craft"less (-ls), a.

Defn: Without craft or cunning.
Helpless, craftless, and innocent people. Jer. Taylor.

CRAFTSMAN
Crafts"man (krfts"man), n.; pl. Craftsmen (-men).

Defn: One skilled in some trade or manual occupation; an artificer; a
mechanic.

CRAFTSMANSHIP
Crafts"man*ship, n.

Defn: The work of a craftsman.

CRAFTSMASTER
Crafts"mas`ter (-ms`tr), n.

Defn: One skilled in his craft or trade; one of superior cunning.
In cunning persuasion his craftsmaster. Holland.

CRAFTY
Craft"y (krft"), a. Etym: [AS. cr.]

1. Relating to, or characterized by, craft or skill; dexterous.
[Obs.] "Crafty work." Piers Plowman.

2. Possessing dexterity; skilled; skillful.
A noble crafty man of trees. Wyclif.

3. Skillful at deceiving others; characterized by craft; cunning;
wily. "A pair of crafty knaves." Shak.
With anxious care and crafty wiles. J. Baillie.

Syn.
 -- Skillful; dexterous; cunning; artful; wily; Cunning.

CRAG
Crag (krg), n. Etym: [W. craig; akin to Gael. creag, Corn. karak,
Armor. karrek.]

1. A steep, rugged rock; a cough, broken cliff, or point of a rock,
on a ledge.
From crag to crag the signal fiew. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: A partially compacted bed of gravel mixed with shells, of the
Tertiary age.

CRAG
Crag, n. Etym: [A form of craw: cf. D. kraag neck, collar, G. kragen.
See Craw.]

1. The neck or throat [Obs.]
And bear the crag so stiff and so state. Spenser.

2. The neck piece or scrag of mutton. Johnson.

CRAGGED
Crag"ged (-gd), a.

Defn: Full of crags, or steep, broken
Into its cragged rents descend. J. Baillie.

CRAGGEDNESS
Crag"ged*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being cragged; cragginess.

CRAGGINESS
Crag"gi*ness (-g-ns), n.

Defn: The state of being craggy.

CRAGGY
Crag"gy (krg"g), a.

Defn: Full of crags; rugged with projecting points of rocks; as, the
craggy side of a mountain. "The craggy ledge." Tennyson.

CRAGSMAN
Crags"man (krgz"man), n.; pl. Cragsmen (-men).

Defn: One accustomed to climb rocks or crags; esp., one who makes a
business of climbing the cliffs overhanging the sea to get the eggs
of sea birds or the birds themselves.

CRAIE
Craie (kr), n.

Defn: See Crare. [Obs.]

CRAIG FLOUNDER
Craig" floun`der (krg" floun`dr). Etym: [Scot. craig a rock. See 1st
Crag.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pole flounder.

CRAIL
Crail (krl),, n. Etym: [See Creel.]

Defn: A creel or osier basket.

CRAKE
Crake (krk), v. t. & i. Etym: [See Crack.]

1. To cry out harshly and loudly, like the bird called crake.

2. To boast; to speak loudly and boastfully. [Obs.]
Each man may crake of that which was his own. Mir. for Mag.

CRAKE
Crake, n.

Defn: A boast. See Crack, n. [Obs.] Spenser.

CRAKE
Crake, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. kr crow, kr raven, Sw. kr, Dan. krage;
perh. of imitative origin. Cf. Crow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species or rail of the genera Crex and Porzana; -- so
called from its singular cry. See Corncrake.

CRAKEBERRY
Crake"ber`ry (-br`r), n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Crowberry.

CRAKER
Crak"er (krk"r), n.

Defn: One who boasts; a braggart. [Obs.] Old Play.

CRAM
Cram (krm), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crammed (krmd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cramming.] Etym: [AS. crammian to cram; akin to Icel. kremia to
squeeze, bruise, Sw. krama to press. Cf. Cramp.]

1. To press, force, or drive, particularly in filling, or in
thrustung one thing into another; to stuff; to crowd; to fill to
superfluity; as, to cram anything into a basket; to cram a room with
people.
Their storehouses crammed with grain. Shak.
He will cram his brass down our throats. Swift.

2. To fill with food to satiety; to stuff.
Children would be freer from disease if they were not crammed so much
as they are by fond mothers. Locke.
Cram us with praise, and make us As fat as tame things. Shak.

3. To put hastily through an extensive course of memorizing or study,
as in preparation for an examination; as, a pupil is crammed by his
tutor.

CRAM
Cram, v. i.

1. To eat greedly, and to satiety; to stuff.
Gluttony . . . . Cr, and blasphemes his feeder. Milton.

2. To make crude preparation for a special occasion, as an
examination, by a hasty and extensive course of memorizing or study.
[Colloq.]

CRAM
Cram, n.

1. The act of cramming.

2. Innformation hastily memorized; as. a cram from an examination.
[Colloq.]

3. (Weaving)

Defn: A warp having more than two threads passing through each dent
or split of the reed.

CRAMBO
Cram"bo, n. Etym: [Cf. Cramp, a., difficult.]

1. A game in which one person gives a word, to which another finds a
rhyme.
I saw in one corner . . . a cluster of men and women,diverting
themselves with a game at crambo. I heard several double rhymes . . .
which raised a great deal of mirth. Addison.

2. A werd rhyming with another word.
His similes in order set And every crambo he could get. Swift.
Dumb crambo, a game in which one party of players give a word which
rhymes with another, which last to be guessed by the opposing party,
who represent in dumb show what they think it to be.

CRAMMER
Cram"mer (krm"mr), n.

Defn: One who crams; esp., one who prepares a pupil hastily for an
exxamination, or a pupil who is thus prepared. Dickens.

CRAMOISIE; CRAMOISY
Cra*moi"sie Cra*moi"sy (kr-moi"z), a. Etym: [F. cramoisi crimson. See
Crimson.]

Defn: Crimson. [Obs.]
A splendid seignior, magnificent in cramoisy velevet. Motley.

CRAMP
Cramp (krmp), n. Etym: [OE. crampe, craumpe; akin to D. & Sw. kramp,
Dan. krampe, G. krampf (whence F. crampe), Icel. krappr strait,
narrow, and to E. crimp, crumple; cf. cram. See Grape.]

1. That which confines or contracts; a restraint; a shakle; a
hindrance.
A narrow fortune is a cramp to a great mind. L'Estrange.
Crippling his pleasures with the cramp of fear. Cowper.

2. (Masonry)

Defn: A device, usually of iron bent at the ends, used to hold
together blocks of stone, timbers, etc.; a cramp iron.

3. (Carp.)

Defn: A rectangular frame, with a tightening screw, used for
compressing the jionts of framework, etc.

4. A piece of wood having a curve corresponding to that of the upper
part of the instep, on which the upper leather of a boot is stretched
to give it the requisite shape.

5. (Med.)

Defn: A spasmodic and painful involuntary contraction of a muscle or
muscles, as of the leg.
The cramp, divers nights, gripeth him in his legs. Sir T. More.
Cramp bone, the patella of a sheep; -- formerly used as a charm for
the cramp. Halliwell. "He could turn cramp bones into chess men."
Dickens.
 -- Cramp ring, a ring formerly supposed to have virtue in averting
or curing cramp, as having been consecrated by one of the kings of
England on Good Friday.

CRAMP
Cramp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cramped (krp. pr. & vb. n. Cramping.]

1. To compress; to restrain from free action; to confine and
contract; to hinder.
The mind my be as much cramped by too much knowledge as by ignorance.
Layard.

2. To fasten or hold with, or as with, a cramp.

3. Hence, to bind together; to unite.
The . . . fabric of universal justic is well cramped and bolted
together in all its parts. Burke.

4. To form on a cramp; as, to cramp boot legs.

5. To afflict with cramp.
When the gout cramps my joints. Ford.
To cramp the wheels of wagon, to turn the front wheels out of line
with the hind wheels, so that one of them shall be against the body
of the wagon.

CRAMP
Cramp, a. Etym: [See Cramp, n.]

Defn: Knotty; difficult. [R.]
Care being taken not to add any of the cramp reasons for this
opinion. Coleridge.

CRAMPET
Cram"pet (krm"pt), n. Etym: [See Cramp,n.] (Mil.)

Defn: A cramp iron or cramp ring; a chape, as of a scabbard. [Written
also crampit and crampette.]

CRAMPFISH
Cramp"fish` (krmp"fsh`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The torpedo, or electric ray, the touch of which gives an
electric shock. See Electric fish, and Torpedo.

CRAMP IRON
Cramp" i`ron (`rn).

Defn: See Cramp, n., 2.

CRAMPIT
Cram"pit (krm"pt), n. (Mil.)

Defn: See Crampet.

CRAMPON
Cram"pon (krm"pn), n. Etym: [F. See Crampoons.] (Bot.)

Defn: An a

CRAMPONEE
Cram`po*nee" (krm`p-n"), a. Etym: [F. cramponn. See Crampoons.]
(Her.)

Defn: Having a cramp or square piece at the end; -- said of a cross
so furnished.

CRAMPOONS
Cram*poons" (krm-pnz"), n. pl. Etym: [F. crampon, fr. OHG. chramph
crooked; akin to G. krampf cramp. See Cramp,n., and cf. Crampon.]

1. A clutch formed of hooked pieces of iron, like double calipers,
for raising stones, lumber, blocks of ice, etc.

2. Iron insruments with sharp points, worn on the shoes to assist in
gaining or keeping a foothold.

CRAMPY
Cramp"y (krmp"),

1. Affected with cramp.

2. Productive of, or abounding in, cramps. "This crampy country."
Howitt.

CRAN; CRANE
Cran (krn), Crane (krn), n. Etym: [Scot., fr. Gael. crann.]

Defn: A measure for fresh herrings, -- as many as will fill a barrel.
[Scot.] H. Miller.

CRANAGE
Cran"age (krn"j), n. Etym: [See Crane.]

1. The liberty of using a crane, as for loading and unloading
vessels.

2. The money or price paid for the use of a crane.

CRANBERRY
Cran"ber*ry (krn"br-r), n.; pl. Cranberries (-r Etym: [So named from
its fruit being ripe in the spring when the cranes return. Dr.
Prior.] (Bot.)

Defn: A red, acid berry, much used for making sauce, etc.; also, the
plant producing it (several species of Vaccinum or Oxycoccus.) The
high cranberry or cranberry tree is a species of Viburnum (V.
Opulus), and the other is sometimes called low cranberry or marsh
cranberry to distinguish it.

CRANCH
Cranch (krnch), v. t.

Defn: See Craunch.

CRANDALL
Cran"dall (kran"dal), n. [Prob. from Crandall, a proper name.]
(Stonecutting)

Defn: A kind of hammer having a head formed of a group of pointed
steel bars, used for dressing ashlar, etc. -- v. t.

Defn: To dress with a crandall.

CRANE
Crane (krn), n. Etym: [AS. cran; akin to D. & LG. craan, G. kranich,
krahn (this in sense 2), Gr. grus, W. & Armor. garan, OSlav. zerav,
Lith. gerve, Icel. trani, Sw. trana, Dan. trane. Geranium.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wading bird of the genus Grus, and allied genera, of various
species, having a long, straight bill, and long legs and neck.

Note: The common European crane is Grus cinerea. The sand-hill crane
(G. Mexicana) and the whooping crane (G. Americana) are large
American species. The Balearic or crowned crane is Balearica
pavonina. The name is sometimes erroneously applied to the herons and
cormorants.

2. A machine for raising and lowering heavy weights, and, while
holding them suspended, transporting them through a limited lateral
distance. In one form it consists of a projecting arm or jib of
timber or iron, a rotating post or base, and the necessary tackle,
windlass, etc.; -- so called from a fancied similarity between its
arm and the neck of a crane See Illust. Of Derrick.

3. An iron arm with horizontal motion, attached to the side or back
of a fireplace, for supporting kettles, etc., over a fire.

4. A siphon, or bent pipe, for drawing liquors out of a cask.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: A forked post or projecting bracket to support spars, etc., --
generally used in pairs. See Crotch, 2. Crane fly (Zoöl.), a
dipterous insect with long legs, of the genus Tipula.
 -- Derrick crane. See Derrick.
 -- Gigantic crane. (Zoöl.) See Adjutant, n., 3.
 -- Traveling crane, Traveler crane, Traversing crane (Mach.), a
crane mounted on wheels; esp., an overhead crane consisting of a crab
or other hoisting apparatus traveling on rails or beams fixed
overhead, as in a machine shop or foundry.
 -- Water crane, a kind of hydrant with a long swinging spout, for
filling locomotive tenders, water carts, etc., with water.

CRANE
Crane (krn), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Craned (krnd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Craning.]

1. To cause to rise; to raise or lift, as by a crane; -- with up.
[R.]
What engines, what instruments are used in craning up a soul, sunk
below the center, to the highest heavens. Bates.
An upstart craned up to the height he has. Massinger.

2. To stretch, as a crane stretches its neck; as, to crane the neck
disdainfully. G. Eliot.

CRANE
crane, v. i.

Defn: to reach forward with head and neck, in order to see better;
as, a hunter cranes forward before taking a leap. Beaconsfield.
Thackeray.
The passengers eagerly craning forward over the bulwarks. Howells.

CRANE'S-BILL
Crane's"-bill` (krnz"bl`), n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The geranium; -- so named from the long axis of the fruit,
which resembles the beak of a crane. Dr. Prior.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: A pair of long-beaked forceps.

CRANG
Crang (krng), n.

Defn: See Krang.

CRANIA
Cra"ni*a (kr"n-), n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of living Brachiopoda; -- so called from its fancied
resemblance to the cranium or skull.

CRANIAL
Cra"ni*al (kr"n-al), a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the cranium.

CRANIOCLASM
Cra"ni*o*clasm (kr"n--klz'm), n. Etym: [Cranium + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The crushing of a child's head, as with the cranioclast or
craniotomy forceps in cases of very difficult delivery. Dunglison.

CRANIOCLAST
Cra"ni*o*clast (-klst), n. (Med.)

Defn: An instrument for crushing the head of a fetus, to facilitate
delivery in difficult eases.

CRANIOFACIAL
Cra`ni*o*fa"cial (-f"shal), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the cranium and face; as, the craniofacial
angle.

CRANIOGNOMY
Cra`ni*og"no*my (-g"n-m), n. Etym: [Cranium + Gr.

Defn: The science of the form and characteristics of the skull. [R.]

CRANIOLOGICAL
Cra`ni*o*log"ic*al (--lj"-kal), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to craniology.

CRANIOLOGIST
Cra`ni*ol"o*gist (-l"-jst), n.

Defn: One proficient in craniology; a phrenologist.

CRANIOLOGY
Cra`ni*ol"o*gy (-j), n. Etym: [Cranium + -logy.]

Defn: The department of science (as of ethnology or archæology) which
deals with the shape, size, proportions, indications, etc., of
skulls; the study of skulls.

CRANIOMETER
Cra`ni*om"e*ter (kr`n-m"-tr), n. Etym: [Cranium + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the size of skulls.

CRANIOMETRIC; CRANIOMETRICAL
Cra`ni*o*met"ric (--mt"rk), Cra`ni*o*met"ric*al (-r-kal), a.

Defn: Pertaining to craniometry.

CRANIOMETRY
Cra`ni*om"e*try (kr`n-m"-tr), n.

Defn: The art or act of measuring skulls.

CRANIOSCOPIST
Cra`ni*os"co*pist (kr`n-s"k-pst), n.

Defn: One skilled in, or who practices, cranioscopy.
It was found of equal dimension in a literary man whose skull puzzied
the cranioscopists. Coleridge.

CRANIOSCOPY
Cra`ni*os"co*py (-p), n. Etym: [Cranium + -scopy.]

Defn: Scientific examination of the cranium.

CRANIOTA
Cra`ni*o"ta (kr`n-t), n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. cranium.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A comprehensive division of the Vertebrata, including all those
that have a skull.

CRANIOTOMY
Cra`ni*ot"o*my (kr`n-t"-m), n. Etym: [Cranium + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The operation of opening the fetal head, in order to effect
delivery.

CRANIUM
Cra"ni*um (kr"n-m), n.; pl. E. Craniums (-Crania (-. Etym: [NL., fr.
Gr.

Defn: The skull of an animal; especially, that part of the skull,
either cartilaginous or bony, which immediately incloses the brain;
the brain case or brainpan. See Skull.

CRANK
Crank (krnk), n. Etym: [OE. cranke; akin to E. cringe, cringle,
crinkle, and to crank, a., the root meaning, probably, "to turn,
twist." See Cringe.]

1. (Mach.)

Defn: A bent portion of an axle, or shaft, or an arm keyed at right
angles to the end of a shaft, by which motion is imparted to or
received from it; also used to change circular into reciprocating
motion, or reciprocating into circular motion. See Bell crank.

2. Any bend, turn, or winding, as of a passage.
So many turning cranks these have, so many crooks. Spenser.

3. A twist or turn in speech; a conceit consisting in a change of the
form or meaning of a word.
Quips, and cranks, and wanton wiles. Milton.

4. A twist or turn of the mind; caprice; whim; crotchet; also, a fit
of temper or passion. [Prov. Eng.]
Violent of temper; subject to sudden cranks. Carlyle.

5. A person full of crotchets; one given to fantastic or
impracticable projects; one whose judgment is perverted in respect to
a particular matter. [Colloq.]

6. A sick person; an invalid. [Obs.]
Thou art a counterfeit crank, a cheater. Burton.
Crank axle (Mach.), a driving axle formed with a crank or cranks, as
in some kinds of locomotives.
 -- Crank pin (Mach.), the cylindrical piece which forms the handle,
or to which the connecting rod is attached, at the end of a crank, or
between the arms of a double crank.
 -- Crank shaft, a shaft bent into a crank, or having a crank
fastened to it, by which it drives or is driven.
 -- Crank wheel, a wheel acting as a crank, or having a wrist to
which a connecting rod is attached.

CRANK
Crank (krnk), a. Etym: [AS. cranc weak; akin to Icel. krangr, D. & G.
krank sick, weak (cf.D. krengen to careen). Cf. Crank, n.]

1. Sick; infirm. [Prov. Eng.]

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Liable to careen or be overest, as a ship when she is too
narrow, or has not sufficient ballast, or is loaded too high, to
carry full sail.

3. Full of spirit; brisk; lively; sprightly; overconfident;
opinionated.
He who was, a little before, bedrid, . . . was now crank and lusty.
Udall.
If you strong electioners did not think you were among the elect, you
would not be so crank about it. Mrs. Stowe.

CRANK
Crank, v. i. Etym: [See Crank, n. ]

Defn: To run with a winding course; to double; to crook; to wind and
turn.
See how this river comes me cranking in. Shak.

CRANKBIRD
Crank"bird` (-brd`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European woodpecker (Picus minor).

CRANKED
Cranked (krnkt), a.

Defn: Formed with, or having, a bend or crank; as, a cranked axle.

CRANKINESS
Crank"i*ness (krnk"-ns), n.

Defn: Crankness. Lowell.

CRANKLE
Cran"kle (krn"k'l), v. t. Etym: [Cf. Crinkle.]

Defn: To break into bends, turns, or angles; to crinkle.
Old Veg's stream . . . drew her humid train aslope, Crankling her
banks. J. Philips.

CRANKLE
Cran"kle, v. i.

Defn: To bend, turn, or wind.
Along the crankling path. Drayton.

CRANKLE
Cran"kle, n.

Defn: A bend or turn; a twist; a crinkle.

CRANKNESS
Crank"ness (krnk"ns), n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: Liability to be overset; -- said of a ship or other vessel.

2. Sprightliness; vigor; health.

CRANKY
Crank"y (-), a.

1. Full of spirit; crank.

2. Addicted to crotchets and whims; unreasonable in opinions;
crotchety. [Colloq.]

3. Unsteady; easy to upset; crank.

CRANNIED
Cran"nied (krn"nd), a.

Defn: Having crannies, chinks, or fissures; as, a crannied wall.
Tennyson.

CRANNOG; CRANNOGE
Cran"nog (krn"ng), Cran"noge (krn"nj), n. Etym: [From Celtic; cf.
Gael. crann a tree.]

Defn: One of the stockaded islands in Scotland and Ireland which in
ancient times were numerous in the lakes of both countries. They may
be regarded as the very latest class of prehistoric strongholds,
reaching their greatest development in early historic times, and
surviving through the Middle Ages. See also Lake dwellings, under
Lake. Encyc. Brit.

CRANNY
Cran"ny (krn"n), n.; pl. Crannies (-n. Etym: [F. cran notch, prob.
from L. crena (a doubful word).]

1. A small, narrow opening, fissure, crevice, or chink, as in a wall,
or other substance.
In a firm building, the cavities ought not to be filled with rubbish,
but with brick or stone fitted to the crannies. Dryden.
He peeped into every cranny. Arbuthnot.

2. (Glass Making)

Defn: A tool for forming the necks of bottles, etc.

CRANNY
Cran"ny, v. i. [imp & p. p. Crannied (-nd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crannying.]

1. To crack into, or become full of, crannies. [R.]
The ground did cranny everywhere. Golding.

2. To haunt, or enter by, crannies.
All tenantless, save to the cranning wind. Byron.

CRANNY
Cran"ny, a. Etym: [Perh. for cranky. See Crank, a. ]

Defn: Quick; giddy; thoughtless. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

CRANTARA
Cran*ta"ra (krn-t"r or -t"r), n. Etym: [Gael. cranntara.]

Defn: The fiery cross, used as a rallying signal in the Highlands of
Scotland.

CRANTS
Crants (krnts), n. Etym: [Cf. D. krans, G. kranz.]

Defn: A garland carried before the bier of a maiden. [Obs.]
Yet here she is allowed her virgin crants, Her maaiden strewments.
Shak.

CRAP
Crap (krap), n.

Defn: In the game of craps, a first throw of the dice in which the
total is two, three, or twelve, in which case the caster loses.

CRAPAUD
Cra*paud", n. [Written also crapawd, crapald, crepaud, etc.] [F.
crapaud.]

1.

Defn: A toad. [Obs.]

2.  (Pronounced kra`po") As a proper name, Johnny Crapaud, or
Crapaud, a nickname for a Frenchman.

CRAPAUDINE
Crap"au*dine (krp"-dn), a. Etym: [F., n.] (Arch.)

Defn: Turning on pivots at the top and bottom; -- said of a door.

CRAPAUDINE
Crap"au*dine, n. Etym: [F.] (Far.)

Defn: An ulcer on the coronet of a horse. Bailey.

CRAPE
Crape (krp), n. Etym: [F. cr, fr. L. crispus curled, crisped. See
Crisp.]

Defn: A thin, crimped stuff, made of raw silk gummed and twisted on
the mill. Black crape is much used for mourning garments, also for
the dress of some clergymen.
A saint in crape is twice a saint in lawn. Pope.
Crape myrtle (Bot.), a very ornamental shrub (Lagerströmia Indica)
from the East Indies, often planted in the Southern United States.
Its foliage is like that of the myrtle, and the flower has wavy
crisped petals.
 -- Oriental crape. See Canton crape.

CRAPE
Crape, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Craped (krpt); p. pr. & vb.n. Craping.]
Etym: [F. cr, fr. L. crispare to curl, crisp, fr. crispus. See Crape,
n.]

Defn: To form into ringlets; to curl; to crimp; to friz; as, to crape
the hair; to crape silk.
The hour for curling and craping the hair. Mad. D'Arblay.

CRAPEFISH
Crape"fish` (krp"fsh`), n.

Defn: Salted codfish hardened by pressure. Kane.

CRAPNEL
Crap"nel (krp"nel), n.

Defn: A hook or drag; a grapnel.

CRAPPIE
Crap"pie (krp"p), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of fresh-water bass of the genus Pomoxys, found in the
rivers of the Southern United States and Mississippi valley. There
are several species. [Written also croppie.]

CRAPPLE
Crap"ple (krp"p'l), n. Etym: [See Graple.]

Defn: A claw. [Obs.]

CRAPS
Craps (krps), n.

Defn: A gambling game with dice. [Local, U.S.]

CRAP SHOOTING
Crap shooting.

Defn: Same as Craps.

CRAPULA; CRAPULE
Crap"u*la (krp"-l), Crap"ule (krp"l), n. Etym: [L. crapula
intoxication.]

Defn: Same as Crapulence.

CRAPULENCE
Crap"u*lence (--lens), n.

Defn: The sickness occasioned by intemperance; surfeit. Bailey.

CRAPULENT; CRAPULOUS
Crap"u*lent (-lent), Crap"u*lous (-ls), a. Etym: [L. crapulentus,
crapulosus: cf. F. crapuleux.]

Defn: Surcharged with liquor; sick from excessive indulgence in
liquor; drunk; given to excesses. [R.]

CRAPY
Crap"y (krp"), a.

Defn: Resembling crape.

CRARE
Crare (krr), n. Etym: [OF. craier, creer, croyer, ship of war, LL.
craiera, creyera, perh. from G. krieger warrior, or D. krijger.]

Defn: A slow unwieldy trading vessel. [Obs.] [Written also crayer,
cray, and craie.] Shak.

CRASE
Crase (krz), v. t. Etym: [See Craze.]

Defn: To break in pieces; to crack. [Obs.] "The pot was crased."
Chaucer.

CRASH
Crash (kr), v. t. [imp & p. p. Crashed (kr; p. pr & vb. n. Crashing.]
Etym: [OE. crashen, the same word as crasen to break, E. craze. See
Craze.]

Defn: To break in pieces violently; to dash together with noise and
violence. [R.]
He shakt his head, and crasht his teeth for ire. Fairfax.

CRASH
Crash, v. i.

1. To make a loud, clattering sound, as of many things falling and
breaking at once; to break in pieces with a harsh noise.
Roofs were blazing and walls crashing in every part of the city.
Macualay.

2. To break with violence and noise; as, the chimney in falling
crashed through the roof.

CRASH
Crash, n.

1. A loud, sudden, confused sound, as of manu things falling and
breaking at once.
The wreck of matter and the crash of worlds. Addison.

2. Ruin; failure; sudden breaking down, as of a business house or a
commercial enterprise.

CRASH
Crash, n. Etym: [L. crassus coarse. See Crass.]

Defn: Coarse, heavy, narrow linen cloth, used esp. for towels.

CRASHING
Crash"ing, n.

Defn: The noise of many things falling and breaking at once.
There shall be . . . a great crashing from the hills. Zeph. i. 10.

CRASIS
Cra"sis (kr"ss), n. Etym: [LL., temperament, fr. Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: A mixture of constituents, as of the blood; constitution;
temperament.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A contraction of two vowels (as the final and initial vowels of
united words) into one long vowel, or into a dipthong; synæresis; as,
cogo for coago.

CRASPEDOTA
Cras`pe*do"ta (krs`p-d"t), n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hydroid or naked-eyed medusæ. See Hydroidea.

CRASPEDOTE
Cras"pe*dote (krs"p-dt), a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Craspedota.

CRASS
Crass (krs), a. Etym: [L. crassus thick, fat, gross, prob. orig.,
closely woven See Crease animal fat, and cf. Crate, Hurdle.]

Defn: Cross; thick; dense; coarse; not elaborated or refined. "Crass
and fumid exhalations." Sir. T. Browne. "Crass ignorance" Cudworth.

CRASSAMENT; CRASSAMENTUM
Cras"sa*ment (krs"s-ment), Cras`sa*men"tum (-mn"tm), n. Etym: [L.
crassamentum, fr. crassare to make thick. See Crass, a.]

Defn: A semisolid mass or clot, especially that formed in coagulation
of the blood.

CRASSIMENT
Cras"si*ment (krs"s-ment), n.

Defn: See Crassament.

CRASSITUDE
Cras"si*tude (-td), n. Etym: [L. crassitudo.]

Defn: Crossness; coarseness; thickness; density. Bacon.

CRASSNESS
Crass"ness (krs"ns), n.

Defn: Grossness. [Obs.] Glanvill.

CRASTINATION
Cras`ti*na"tion (krs`t-n"shn), n. Etym: [L. crastinus of to-morrow,
from cras to-morrow.]

Defn: Procrastination; a putting off till to-morrow. [Obs.]

CRATAEGUS
Cra*tæ"gus (kr-t"gs), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of small, hardy trees, including the hawthorn, much
used for ornamental purposes.

CRATCH
Cratch (krch; 224), n. Etym: [OE. crache, creche, F. cr crib, manger,
fr. OHG. krippa, krippea,G. krippe crib. See Crib.]

Defn: A manger or open frame for hay; a crib; a rack. [Obs.]
Begin from first where He encradled was, In simple cratch, wrapt in a
wad of hay. Spenser.
Cratch cradle, a representation of the figure of the cratch, made
upon the fingers with a string; cat's cradle; -- called also scratch
cradle.

CRATE
Crate (krt), n. Etym: [L. cratis hurdle; perh. akin to E. cradle. See
Hurdle, and cf. Crate a framework.]

1. A large basket or hamper of wickerwork, used for the
transportation of china, crockery, and similar wares.

2. A box or case whose sides are of wooden slats with interspaces, --
used especially for transporting fruit.

CRATE
Crate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crated; p. pr. & vb. n. Crating.]

Defn: To pack in a crate or case for transportation; as, to crate a
sewing machine; to crate peaches.

CRATER
Cra"ter (krtr), n. Etym: [L. crater, cratera, a mixing vessel, the
mouth of a volcano, Gr. ir to cook, Crail, in Holy Grail.]

1. The basinlike opening or mouth of a volcano, through which the
chief eruption comes; similarly, the mouth of a gevser, about which a
cone of silica is often built up.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: The pit left by the explosion of a mine.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation of the southen hemisphere; -- called also the
Cup.

CRATERIFORM
Cra*ter"i*form (kr-tr"-frm), a. Etym: [L. cratera + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of a shallow bowl; -- said of a corolla.

CRATEROUS
CRa"ter*ous (kr"tr-s), a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a crater. [R.] R. Browning.

CRAUNCH
Craunch (krnch), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Craunched (krncht);p. pr. &
vb. n. Craunching.] Etym: [See Crunch.]

Defn: To crush with the teeth; to chew with violence and noise; to
crunch. Swift.

CRAVAT
Cra*vat" (kr-vt"), n. Etym: [F. cravate, fr. Cravate a Croat, an
inhabitant of Croatia, one of a body of Austrian troops, from whom,
in 1636, this article of dress was adopted in France.]

Defn: A neckcloth; a piece of silk, fine muslin, or other cloth, worn
by men about the neck.
While his wig was combed and his cravat tied. Macualay.

CRAVATTED
Cra*vat`ted (kr-vt"td), a.

Defn: Wearing a cravat.
The young men faultlessly appointed, handsomely cravatted. Thackeray.

CRAVE
Crave (krv), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Craved (kr; p pr. & vb. n. Craving.]
Etym: [AS. crafian; akin to Icel. krefia, Sw. kr, Dan. kr.]

1. To ask with earnestness or importunity; to ask with submission or
humility; to beg; to entreat; to beseech; to implore.
I crave your honor's pardon. Shak.
Joseph . . . went in boldly unto Pilate, and craved the body of
Jesus. Mark xv. 43.

2. To call for, as a gratification; to long for; hence, to require or
demand; as, the stomach craves food.
His path is one that eminently craves weary walking. Edmund Gurney.

Syn.
 -- To ask; seek; beg; beseech; implore; entreat; solicit; request;
supplicate; adjure.

CRAVE
Crave, v. i.

Defn: To desire strongly; to feel an insatiable longing; as, a
craving appetite.
Once one may crave for love. Suckling.

CRAVEN
Cra"ven (kr"v'n), a. Etym: [OE. cravant, cravaunde, OF. cravant
struck down, p. p. of cravanter, crevanter, to break, crush, strike
down, fr. an assumed LL. crepantare, fr. L. crepans, p. pr. of
crepare to break, crack, rattle. Cf. Crevice, Crepitate.]

Defn: Cowardly; fainthearted; spiritless. "His craven heart." Shak.
The poor craven bridegroom said never a word. Sir. W. Scott.
In craven fear of the sarcasm of Dorset. Macualay.

CRAVEN
Cra"ven, n. Etym: [Formerly written also cravant and cravent.]

Defn: A recreant; a coward; a weak-hearted, spiritless fellow. See
Recreant, n.
King Henry. Is it fit this soldier keep his oath Fluellen.He is a
craven and a villain else. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Coward; poltroon; dastard.

CRAVEN
Cra"ven, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cravened (-v'nd);p. pr. & vb. n.
Cravening.]

Defn: To make recreant, weak, spiritless, or cowardly. [Obs.]
There is a prohibition so divine, That cravens my weak hand. Shak.

CRAVER
Crav"er (krv"r), n.

Defn: One who craves or begs.

CRAVING
Crav"ing (-ng), n.

Defn: Vehement or urgent desire; longing for; beseeching.
A succession of cravings and satiety. L'Estrange.
-- Crav"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Crav"ing*ness, n.

CRAW
Craw (kr), n. Etym: [Akin to D. kraag neck, collar, G. kragen, Sw. kr
craw, Dan. kro, and possibly to Gr.bronchus), or Crag neck.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The crop of a bird.
(b) The stomach of an animal.

CRAWFISH; CRAYFISH
Craw"fish` (kr"fsh`), Cray"fish` (kr"fsh`), n.; pl. -fishes or -fish.
Etym: [Corrupted fr. OE. crevis, creves, OF. crevice, F. , fr. OHG.
krebiz crab, G. krebs. See Crab. The ending -fish arose from
confusion with E. fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any crustacean of the family Astacidæ, resembling the lobster,
but smaller, and found in fresh waters. Crawfishes are esteemed very
delicate food both in Europe and America. The North American species
are numerous and mostly belong to the genus Cambarus. The blind
crawfish of the Mamoth Cave is Cambarus pellucidus. The common
European species is Astacus fluviatilis.

CRAWFORD
Craw"ford (kr"frd), n.

Defn: A Crawford peach; a well-known freestone peach, wich yellow
flesh, first raised by Mr. William Crawford, of New Jersey.

CRAWL
Crawl (krl), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Crawled (krld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crawling.] Etym: [Dan. kravle, or Icel. krafla, to paw, scrabble with
the hands; akin to Sw. kr to crawl; cf. LG. krabbeln, D. krabbelen to
scratch.]

1. To move slowly by drawing the body along the ground, as a worm; to
move slowly on hands and kness; to creep.
A worm finds what it searches after only by feeling, as it crawls
from one thing to another. Grew.

2. Hence, to move or advance in a feeble, slow, or timorous manner.
He was hardly able to crawl about the room. Arbuthnot.
The meanest thing that crawl'd beneath my eyes. Byron.

3. To advance slowly and furtively; to insinuate one's self; to
advance or gain influence by servile or obsequious conduct.
Secretly crawling up the battered walls. Knolles.
Hath crawled into the favor of the king. Shak.
Absurd opinions crawl about the world. South.

4. To have a sensation as of insect creeping over the body; as, the
flesh crawls. See Creep, v. i. ,7.

CRAWL
Crawl (krl), n.

Defn: The act or motion of crawling;

CRAWL
Crawl, n. Etym: [Cf. Kraal.]

Defn: A pen or inclosure of stakes and hurdles on the seacoast, for
holding fish.

CRAWLER
Crawl"er (krl"r), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, crawls; a creeper; a reptile.

CRAWL STROKE
Crawl stroke. (Swimming)

Defn: A racing stroke, in which the swimmer, lying flat on the water
with face submerged, takes alternate overhand arm strokes while
moving his legs up and down alternately from the knee.

CRAWLY
Crawl"y (krl"), a.

Defn: Creepy. [Colloq.]

CRAY; CRAYER
Cray (kr), Cray"er (-r), n.

Defn: See Crare. [Obs.]

CRAYFISH
Cray"fish (kr"fsh), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Crawfish.

CRAYON
Cray"on (kr"n), n. Etym: [F., a crayon, a lead pencil (crayon Conté
Conté's pencil, i. e., one made a black compound invented by Conté),
fr. craie chalk, L. creta; said to be, properly, Cretan earth, fr.
Creta the island Crete. Cf. Cretaceous.]

1. An implement for drawing, made of clay and plumbago, or of some
preparation of chalk, usually sold in small prisms or cylinders.
Let no day pass over you . . . without giving some strokes of the
pencil or the crayon. Dryden.

Note: The black crayon gives a deeper black than the lead pencil.
This and the colored crayons are often called chalks. The red crayon
is also called sanguine. See Chalk, and Sanguine.

2. A crayon drawing.

3. (Electricity)

Defn: A pencil of carbon used in producing electric light. Crayon
board, cardboard with a surface prepared for crayon drawing.
 -- Crayon drawing, the act or art of drawing with crayons; a drawing
made with crayons.

CRAYON
Cray"on, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crayoned (-nd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crayoning.] Etym: [Cf. F. crayonner.]

Defn: To sketch, as with a crayon; to sketch or plan.
He soon afterwards composed that discourse, conformably to the plan
which he had crayoned out. Malone.

CRAZE
Craze (krz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crazed (krzd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crazing.] Etym: [OE. crasen to break, fr. Scand., perh. through OF.;
cf. Sw. krasa to crackle, sl, to break to pieces, F. to crush, fr.
the Scand. Cf. Crash.]

1. To break into pieces; to crush; to grind to powder. See Crase.
God, looking forth, will trouble all his host, And craze their
chariot wheels. Milton.

2. To weaken; to impair; to render decrepit. [Obs.]
Till length of years, And sedentary numbness, craze my limbs. Milton.

3. To derange the intellect of; to render insane.
Any man . . . that is crazed and out of his wits. Tilloston.
Grief hath crazed my wits. Shak.

CRAZE
Craze, v. i.

1. To be crazed, or to act or appear as
She would weep and he would craze. Keats.

2. To crack, as the glazing of porcelain or pottery.

CRAZE
Craze, n.

1. Craziness; insanity.

2. A strong habitual desire or fancy; a crotchet.
It was quite a craze with him [Burns] to have his Jean dressed
genteelly. Prof. Wilson.

3. A temporary passion or infatuation, as for same new amusement,
pursuit, or fashion; as, the bric-a-brac craze; the æsthetic craze.
Various crazes concerning health and disease. W. Pater.

CRAZEDNESS
Craz"ed*ness (-d-ns), n.

Defn: A broken state; decrepitude; an impaired state of the
intellect.

CRAZE-MILL; CRAZING-MILL
Craze"-mill` (krz"m*l`), Craz"ing-mill` (kr"zng-), n. Etym: [See 1st
Craze.]

Defn: A mill for grinding tin ore.

CRAZILY
Cra"zi*ly (kr*"z-l), adv.

Defn: In a crazy manner.

CRAZINESS
Cra"zi*ness, n.

1. The state of being broken down or weakened; as, the craziness of a
ship, or of the limbs.

2. The state of being broken in mind; imbecility or weakness of
intellect; derangement.

CRAZY
Cra"zy (kr"z), a. Etym: [From Craze.]

1. Characterized by weakness or feeblness; decrepit; broken; falling
to decay; shaky; unsafe.
Piles of mean andcrazy houses. Macualay.
One of great riches, but a crazy constitution. Addison.
They . . . got a crazy boat to carry them to the island. Jeffrey.

2. Broken, weakened, or dissordered in intellect; shattered;
demented; deranged.
Over moist and crazy brains. Hudibras.

3. Inordinately desirous; foolishly eager. [Colloq.]
The girls were crazy to be introduced to him. R. B. Kimball.
Crazy bone, the bony projection at the end of the elbow (olecranon),
behind which passes the ulnar nerve; -- so called on account of the
curiously painful tingling felt, when, in a particular position, it
receives a blow; -- called also funny bone.
 -- Crazy quilt, a bedquilt made of pieces of silk or other material
of various sizes, shapes, and colors, fancifully stitched together
without definite plan or arrangement.

CREABLE
Cre"a*ble (kr"-b'l), a. Etym: [L. creabilis, from creare to create.
See Create.]

Defn: Capable of being created. [Obs.] I. Watts.

CREAGHT
Creaght (krt), n. Etym: [Ir. & Gael. graidh, graigh.]

Defn: A drove or herd. [Obs.] Haliwell.

CREAGHT
Creaght, v. i.

Defn: To graze. [Obs.] Sir. L. Davies.

CREAK
Creak (krk), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Creaked (krkt); p. pr. & vb. n.
Creaking.] Etym: [OE. creken, prob. of imitative origin; cf. E.
crack, and. D. kreiken to crackle, chirp.]

Defn: To make a prolonged sharp grating or ssqueaking sound, as by
the friction of hard substances; as, shoes creak.
The creaking locusts with my voice conspire. Dryden.
Doors upon their hinges creaked. Tennyson.

CREAK
Creak, v. t.

Defn: To produce a creaking sound with.
Creaking my shoes on the plain masonry. Shak.

CREAK
Creak (krk), n.

Defn: Thew sound produced by anuthing that creaks; a creaking. Roget.

CREAKING
CReak"ing, n.

Defn: A harsh grating or squeaking sound, or the act of making such a
sound.
Start not at the creaking of the door. Longfellow.

CREAM
Cream (krm), n. Etym: [F. cr, perh. fr. LL. crema cteam of milk; cf.
L. cremor thick juice or broth, perh. akin to cremare to burn.]

1. The rich, oily, and yellowish part of milk, which, when the milk
stands unagitated, rises, and collects on the surface. It is the part
of milk from which butter is obtained.

2. The part of any liquor that rises, and collects on the surface.
[R.]

3. A delicacy of several kinds prepared for the table from cream,
etc., or so as to resemble cream.

4. A cosmetic; a creamlike medicinal preparation.
In vain she tries her paste and creams, To smooth her skin or hide
its seams. Goldsmith.

5. The best or choicest part of a thing; the quintessence; as. the
cream of a jest or story; the cream of a collection of books or
pictures.
Welcome, O flower and cream of knights errant. Shelton.
Bavarian cream, a preparation of gelatin, cream, sugar, and eggs,
whipped; -- to be eaten cold.
 -- Cold cream, an ointment made of white wax, almond oil, rose
water, and borax, and used as a salve for the hands and lips.
 -- Cream cheese, a kind of cheese made from curd from which the
cream has not been taken off, or to which cream has been added.
 -- Cream gauge, an instrument to test milk, being usually a
graduated glass tube in which the milk is placed for the cream to
rise.
 -- Cream nut, the Brazil nut.
 -- Cream of lime. (a) A scum of calcium carbonate which forms on a
solution of milk of lime from the carbon dioxide of the air. (b) A
thick creamy emulsion of lime in water.
 -- Cream of tartar (Chem.), purified tartar or argol; so called
because of the crust of crystals which forms on the surface of the
liquor in the process of purification by recrystallization. It is a
white crystalline substance, with a gritty acid taste, and is used
very largely as an ingredient of baking powders; -- called also
potassium bitartrate, acid potassium tartrate, etc.

CREAM
Cream, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Creamed (krmd); p. pr. & vb. n. Creaming.]

1. To skim, or take off by skimming, as cream.

2. To take off the best or choicest part of.

3. To furnish with, or as with, cream.
Creaming the fragrant cups. Mrs. Whitney.
To cream butter (Cooking), to rub, stir, or beat, butter till it is
of a light creamy consistency.

CREAM
Cream, v. i.

Defn: To form or become covered with cream; to become thick like
cream; to assume the appearance of cream; hence, to grow stiff or
formal; to mantle.
There are a sort of men whose visages Do cream and mantle like a
standing pool. Shak.

CREAMCAKE
Cream"cake` (-kk`), n. (Cookery)

Defn: A kind of cake filled with custard made of cream, eggs, etc.

CREAM-COLORED
Cream"-col`ored (-kl`rd), a.

Defn: Of the color of cream; light yellow. "Cream-colored horses."
Hazlitt.

CREAMERY
Cream"er*y (-r-), n.; pl. Creameries (-. Etym: [CF. F. cr.]

1. A place where butter and cheese are made, or where milk and cream
are put up in cans for market.

2. A place or apparatus in which milk is set for raising cream.

3. An establishment where cream is sold.

CREAM-FACED
Cream"-faced` (krm"fst`), a.

Defn: White or pale, as the effect of fear, or as the natural
complexion.
Thou cream-faced loon. Shak.

CREAM-FRUIT
Cream"-fruit` (krm"frt`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of Sierra Leone which yields a wholesome, creamy juice.

CREAMINESS
Cream"i*ness (--ns), n.

Defn: The quality of being creamy.

CREAM LAID
Cream" laid` (krm" ld`).

Defn: See under Laid.

CREAM-SLICE
Cream"-slice` (-sls`), n.

Defn: A wooden knife with a long thin blade, used in handling cream
or ice cream.

CREAM-WHITE
Cream"-white` (-hwt`), a.

Defn: As white as cream.

CREAMY
Cream"y (krm"), a.

Defn: Full of, or containing, cream; resembling cream, in nature,
appearance, or taste; creamlike; unctuous. "Creamy bowis." Collins.
"Lines of creamy spray." Tennyson. "Your creamy words but cozen."
Beau & Fl.

CREANCE
Cre"ance (kr"ans), n. Etym: [F. créance, lit., credence, fr. L.
credere to trust. See Credence.]

1. Faith; belief; creed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. (Falconry)

Defn: A fine, small line, fastened to a hawk's leash, when it is
first lured.

CREANCE
Cre"ance (kr*"ans), v. i. & t.

Defn: To get on credit; to borrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CREANT
Cre"ant (kr"ant), a. Etym: [L. creans, p. pr. of creare to create.]

Defn: Creative; formative. [R.] Mrs. Browning.

CREASE
Crease (krs), n.

Defn: See Creese. Tennison.

CREASE
Crease, n. Etym: [Cf. LG. krus, G. krause, crispness, krausen, kr, to
crisp, curl, lay on folds; or perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Armor.kriz
a wrinkle, crease, kriza to wrinkle, fold, W. crych a wrinkle, crychu
to rumple, ripple, crease.]

1. A line or mark made by folding or doubling any pliable substance;
hence, a similar mark, howewer produced.

2. (Cricket)

Defn: One of the lines serving to define the limits of the bowler and
the striker. Bowling crease (Cricket), a line extending three feet
four inches on each side of the central strings at right angles to
the line between the wickets.
 -- Return crease (Cricket), a short line at each end of the bowling
crease and at right angles to it, extending toward the bowler.
 -- Popping crease (Cricket),, a line drawn in front of the wicket,
four feet distant from it, parallel to the bowling crease and at
least as long as the latter. J. H. Walsh (Encyc. of Rural Sports).

CREASE
Crease, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Creased (krst); p. pr. & vb. n.
Creasing.]

Defn: To make a crease or mark in, as by folding or doubling.
Creased, like dog's ears in a folio. Gray.

CREASER
Creas"er (krs"r), n.

1. A tool, or a sewing-mashine attachment, for making lines or
creases on leather or cloth, as guides to sew by.

2. A tool for making creases or beads, as in sheet iron, or for
rounding small tubes.

3. (Bookbinding)

Defn: A tool for making the band impression distinct on the back.
Knight.

CREASING
Creas"ing (krs"ng), n. (Arch.)

Defn: A layer of tiles forming a corona for a wall.

CREASOTE
Cre"a*sote (kr"-st), n.

Defn: See Creosote.

CREASY
Creas"y (krs"), a.

Defn: Full of creases. Tennyson.

CREAT
Cre"at (kr"t), n. Etym: [F. cr, ultimateli fr. L. creatus created,
begotten; cf. It. creato pupil, servant, Sp. criado a servant,
client.] (Man.)

Defn: An usher to a riding master.

CREATABLE
Cre*at"a*ble (kr-"t-b'l), a.

Defn: That may be created.

CREATE
Cre*ate" (kr-t"), a.Etym: [L. creatus, p. p. of creare to create;
akin to Gr. k to make, and to E. ending -cracy in aristocracy, also
to crescent, cereal.]

Defn: Created; composed; begotte. [Obs.]
Hearts create of duty and zeal. Shak.

CREATE
Cre*ate", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Created;p. pr. & vb. n. Creating.]

1. To bring into being; to form out of nothing; to cause to exist.
In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth. Gen. i. 1.

2. To effect by the agency, and under the laws, of causation; to be
the occasion of; to cause; to produce; to form or fashion; to renew.
Your eye in Scotland Would create soldiers. Shak.
Create in me a clean heart. Ps. li. 10.

3. To invest with a new form, office, or character; to constitute; to
appoint; to make; as, to create one a peer. "I create you companions
to our person." Shak.

CREATIC
Cre*at"ic (kr-t"k), a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Relating to, or produced by, flesh or animal food; as, creatic
nausea. [Written also kreatic.]

CREATIN
Cre"a*tin (kr"-tn), n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance found abundantly in
muscle tissue. [Written also kreatine.]

CREATININ
Cre*at"i*nin (kr-t"-nn), n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline, nitrogenous body closely related to
creatin but more basic in its properties, formed from the latter by
the action of acids, and occurring naturally in muscle tissue and in
urine. [Written also kretinine.]

CREATION
Cre*a"tion (kr-A"shn), n. Etym: [L. creatio: cf. F. cr. See Create.]

1. The act of creating or causing to exist. Specifically, the act of
bringing the universe or this world into existence.
From the creation to the general doom. Shak.
As when a new particle of matter dotn begin to exist, in rerum
natura, which had before no being; and this we call creation. Locke.

2. That which is created; that which is produced or caused to exist,
as the world or some original work of art or of the imagination;
nature.
We know that the whole creation groaneth. Rom. viii. 22.
A dagger of the mind, a false creation. Shak.
Choice pictures and creations of curious art. Beaconsfield.

3. The act of constituting or investing with a new character;
appointment; formation.
An Irish peer of recent creation. Landor.

CREATIONAL
Cre*a"tion*al (-al), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to creation.

CREATIONISM
Cre*a"tion*ism (-z'm), n.

Defn: The doctrine that a soul is specially created for each human
being as soon as it is formed in the womb; -- opposed to
traducianism.

CREATIVE
Cre*a"tive (-tv), a.

Defn: Having the power to create; exerting the act of creation.
"Creative talent." W. Irving.
The creative force exists in the germ. Whewell.

CREATIVENESS
Cre*a"tive*ness, n.

Defn: The qualiyu of being creative.

CREATOR
Crea*"tor (kr-"tr), n. Etym: [L. creator: cf. F. cr.]

Defn: One who creates, produces, or constitutes. Specifically, the
Supreme Being.
To sin's rebuke and my Creater's praise. Shak.
The poets and artists of Greece, who are at the same time its
prophets, the creators of its divinities, and the revealers of its
theological beliefs. Caird.

CREATORSHIP
Cre*a"tor*ship, n.

Defn: State or condition of a creator.

CREATRESS
Cre*a"tress, n. Etym: [L. creatrix: cf. F. cr.]

Defn: She who creates. Spenser.

CREATRIX
Cre*a"trix (-trks), n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A creatress. [R.]

CREATURAL
Crea"tur*al (kr"tr-al; 135), a.

Defn: Belonging to a creature; having the qualities of a creature.
[R.]

CREATURE
Crea"ture (kr"tr; 135), n. Etym: [F. cr, L. creatura. See Create.]

1. Anything created; anything not self-existent; especially, any
being created with life; an animal; a man.
He asked water, a creature so common and needful that it was against
the law of nature to deny him. Fuller.
God's first creature was light. Bacon.
On earth, join, all ye creatures, to extol Him first, him last, him
midst, and without end. Milton.
And most attractive is the fair result Of thought, the creature of a
polished mind. Cowper.

2. A human being, in pity, contempt, or endearment; as, a poor
creature; a pretty creature.
The world hath not a sweeter creature. Shak.

3. A person who owes his rise and fortune to another; a servile
dependent; an instrument; a tool.
A creature of the queen's, Lady Anne Bullen. Shak.
Both Charles himself and his creature, Laud. Macualay.

4. A general term among farmers for horses, oxen, etc. Creature
comforts, those which minister to the comfort of the body.

CREATURELESS
Crea"ture*less, a.

Defn: Without created beings; alone.
God was alone And creatureless at first. Donne.

CREATURELY
Crea"ture*ly, a.

Defn: Creatural; characteristic of a creature. [R.] "Creaturely
faculties." Cheyne.

CREATURESHIP
Crea"ture*ship, n.

Defn: The condition of being a creature.

CREATURIZE
Crea"tur*ize (-z), v. t.

Defn: To make like a creature; to degrade [Obs.]
Degrade and creaturize that mundane soul. Cudworth.

CREAZE
Creaze (krz), n. (Mining)

Defn: The tin ore which collects in the central part of the washing
pit or buddle.

CREBRICOSTATE
Cre`bri*cos"tate (kr`br-ks"tt), a. Etym: [L. creber close + costa
rib.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Marked with closely set ribs or ridges.

CREBRISULCATE
Cre`bri*sul"cate (kr`br-sl"kt), a. Etym: [L. creber close + sulcus
furrow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Marked with closely set transverse furrows.

CREBRITUDE
Creb"ri*tude (krb"r-td), n. Etym: [L. crebritudo, fr. creber close.]

Defn: Frequency. [Obs.] Bailey.

CREBROUS
Cre"brous (kr"brs), a. Etym: [L. creber close set, frequent.]

Defn: Frequent; numerous. [Obs.] Goodwin.

CRECHE
Creche (krsh), n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A public nursery, where the young children of poor women are
cared for during the day, while their mothers are at work.

CREDENCE
Cre"dence (kr"dens), n. Etym: [LL. credentia, fr. L. credens, -entis,
p. pr. of credere to trust, believe: cf. OF. credence. See Creed, and
cf. Credent, Creance.]

1. Reliance of the mind on evidence of facts derived from other
sources than personal knowledge; belief; credit; confidence.
To give credence to the Scripture miracles. Trench.
An assertion which might easily find credence. Macualay.

2. That which gives a claim to credit, belief, or confidence; as, a
letter of credence.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: The small table by the side of the altar or communion table, on
which the bread and wine are placed before being consecrated.

4. A cupboard, sideboard, or cabinet, particularly one intended for
the display of rich vessels or plate, and consisting chiefly of open
shelves for that purpose.

CREDENCE
Cre"dence, v. t.

Defn: To give credence to; to believe. [Obs.]

CREDENDUM
Cre*den"dum (kr-dn"dm), n.;pl. Credenda (-d. Etym: [L., fr. credere
to belive.] (Theol.)

Defn: A thing to be believed; an article of faith; -- distinguished
from agendum, a practical duty.
The great articles and credenda of Christianity. South.

CREDENT
Cre"dent (kr"dent), a. Etym: [. credens, -entis, p. pr. of credere to
trust, believe. See Creed.]

1. Believing; giving credence; credulous. [R.]
If with too credent esr you list songs. Shak.

2. Having credit or authority; credible. [Obs.]
For my authority bears of a credent bulk. Shak.

CREDENTIAL
Cre*den"tial (kr-dn"shal), a. Etym: [Cf. It. credenziale, fr. LL.
credentia. See Credence.]

Defn: Giving a title or claim to credit or confidence; accrediting.
Their credential letters on both sides. Camden.

CREDENTIAL
Cre*den"tial, n. Etym: [Cf. It. credenziale.]

1. That which gives a title to credit or confidence.

2. pl.

Defn: Testimonials showing that a person is entitled to credit, or
has right to exercise official power, as the letters given by a
government to an ambassador or envoy, or a certificate that one is a
duly elected delegate.
The committee of estates excepted against the credentials of the
English commissioners. Whitelocke.
Had they not shown undoubted credentials from the Divine Person who
sent them on such a message. Addison.

CREDIBILITY
Cred`i*bil"i*ty (krd`-bl"-t), n. Etym: [Cf. F. cr.]

Defn: The quality of being credible; credibleness; as, the
credibility of facts; the credibility of witnesses.

CREDIBLE
Cred"i*ble (krd"-b'l), a. Etym: [L. credibilis, fr. credere. See
Creed.]

Defn: Capable of being credited or believed; worthy of belief;
entiled to confidence; trustworthy.
Things are made credible either by the known condition and quality of
the utterer or by the manifest likelihood of truth in themselves.
Hooker.
A very diligent and observing person, and likewise very sober and
credible. Dampier.

CREDIBLENESS
Cred"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being credible; worthness of belief;
credibility. [R.] Boyle.

CREDIBLY
Cred"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In a manner inducing belief; as, I have been credibly informed
of the event.

CREDIT
Cred"it (krd"t), n. Etym: [F. cr (cf. It. credito), L. creditum loan,
prop. neut. of creditus, p. p. of credere to trust, loan, believe.
See Creed.]

1. Reliance on the truth of something said or done; belief; faith;
trust; confidence.
When Jonathan and the people heard these words they gave no credit
into them, nor received them. 1 Macc. x. 46.

2. Reputation derived from the confidence of others; esteem; honor;
good name; estimation.
John Gilpin was a citizen Of credit and renown. Cowper.

3. A ground of, or title to, belief or confidence; authority derived
from character or reputation.
The things which we properly believe, be only such as are received on
the credit of divine testimony. Hooker.

4. That which tends to procure, or add to, reputation or esteem; an
honor.
I published, because I was told I might please such as it was a
credit to please. Pope.

5. Influence derived from the good opinion, confidence, or favor of
others; interest.
Having credit enough with his master to provide for his own interest.
Clarendon.

6. (Com.)

Defn: Trust given or received; expectation of future playment for
property transferred, or of fulfillment or promises given; mercantile
reputation entitling one to be trusted; -- applied to individuals,
corporations, communities, or nations; as, to buy goods on credit.
Credit is nothing but the expectation of money, within some limited
time. Locke.

7. The time given for payment for lands or goods sold on trust; as, a
long credit or a short credit.

8. (Bookkeeping)

Defn: The side of an account on which are entered all items reckoned
as values received from the party or the category named at the head
of the account; also, any one, or the sum, of these items; -- the
opposite of debit; as, this sum is carried to one's credit, and that
to his debit; A has several credits on the books of B. Bank credit,
or Cash credit. See under Cash.
 -- Bill of credit. See under Bill.
 -- Letter of credit, a letter or notification addressed by a banker
to his correspondent, informing him that the person named therein is
entitled to draw a certain sum of money; when addressed to several
different correspondents, or when the money can be drawn in
fractional sums in several different places, it is called a circular
letter of credit.
 -- Public credit. (a) The reputation of, or general confidence in,
the ability or readiness of a government to fulfull its pecuniary
engagements. (b) The ability and fidelity of merchants or others who
owe largely in a community.
He touched the dead corpse of Public Credit, and it sprung upon its
feet. D. Webster.

CREDIT
Cred"it (krd"t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Credited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Crediting.]

1. To confide in the truth of; to give credence to; to put trust in;
to believe.
How shall they credit A poor unlearned virgin Shak.

2. To bring honor or repute upon; to do credit to; to raise the
estimation of.
You credit the church as much by your government as you did the
school formerly by your wit. South.

3. (Bookkeeping)

Defn: To enter upon the credit side of an account; to give credit
for; as, to credit the amount paid; to set to the credit of; as, to
credit a man with the interest paid on a bond. To credit with, to
give credit for; to assign as justly due to any one.
Crove, Helmholtz, and Meyer, are more than any others to be credited
with the clear enunciation of this doctrine. Newman.

CREDITABLE
Cred"it*a*ble (--b'l), a.

1. Worthy of belief. [Obs.]
Divers creditable witnesses deposed. Ludlow.

2. Deserving or possessing reputation or esteem; reputable;
estimable.
This gentleman was born of creditable parents. Goldsmith.

3. Bringing credit, reputation, or honor; honorable; as, such conduct
is highly creditable to him. Macualay.
He settled him in a good creditable way of living. Arbuthnot.

CREDITABLENESS
Cred"it*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being creditable.

CREDITABLY
Cred"it*a*bly (--bl), adv.

Defn: In a creditable manner; reputably; with credit.

CREDIT FONCIER
Cre`dit" fon`cier" (krd" fn`s"). Etym: [F. cr credit & foncier
relating to land, landed.]

Defn: A company licensed for the purpose of carrying out
improvements, by means of loans and advances upon real securities. ]

CREDIT MOBILIER
Cre`dit" mo`bi`lier" (m`b`ly"). Etym: [F. cr credit & mobilier
personal, pertaining to personal property.]

Defn: A joint stock company, formed for general banking business, or
for the construction of public works, by means of loans on personal
estate, after the manner of the crédit foncier on real estate. In
practice, however, this distinction has not been strictly observed.

CREDITOR
Cred"it*or (krd"t-r), n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. cr. See Credit.]

1. One who credits, believes, or trusts.
The easy creditors of novelties. Daniel.

2. One who gives credit in business matters; hence, one to whom money
is due; -- correlative to debtor.
Creditors have better memories than debtors. Franklin.

CREDITRESS; CREDITRIX
Cred"it*ress (krd"t-rs), Cred"i*trix (krd"-trks), n. Etym: [L.
creditrix.]

Defn: A female creditor.

CREDO
Cre"do (kr"d), n. Etym: [L. See Creed.]

Defn: The creed, as sung or read in the Roman Catholic church.
He repeated Aves and Credos. Macualay.

CREDULITY
Cre*du"li*ty (kr-d"l-t), n. Etym: [L. credulitas, fr. credulus: cf.
F. cr. See Credulous.]

Defn: Readiness of belief; a disposition to believe on slight
evidence.
That implict credulity is the mark of a feeble mind will not be
disputed. Sir W. Hamilton.

CREDULOUS
Cred"u*lous (krd"-ls; 135), a. Etym: [L. credulus, fr. credere. See
Creed.]

1. Apt to believe on slight evidence; easly imposed upon;
unsuspecting. Landor.
Eve, our credulous mother. Milton.

2. Believed too readily. [Obs.] Beau & Fl.

CREDULOUSLY
Cred"u*lous*ly, adv.

Defn: With credulity.

CREDULOUSNESS
Cred"u*lous*ness, n.

Defn: Readiness to believe on slight evidence; credulity.
Beyond all credulity is the credulousness of atheists. S. Clarke.

CREED
Creed (krd), n. Etym: [OE. credo, crede, AS. creda, fr. L. credo I
believe, at the beginning of the Apostles' creed, fr. credere to
believe; akin to OIr. cretin I believe, and Skr. ; crat trust + dh to
put. See Do, v. t., and cf. Credo, Grant.]

1. A definite summary of what is believed; esp., a summary of the
articles of Christian faith; a confession of faith for public use;
esp., one which is brief and comprehensive.
In the Protestant system the creed is not coördinate with, but always
subordinate to, the Bible. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

2. Any summary of principles or opinions professed or adhered to.
I love him not, nor fear him; there's my creed. Shak.
Apostles' creed, Athanasian creed, Nicene creed. See under Apostle,
Athanasian, Nicene.

CREED
Creed, v. t.

Defn: To believe; to credit. [Obs.]
That part which is so creeded by the people. Milton.

CREEDLESS
Creed"less, a.

Defn: Without a creed. Carlyle.

CREEK
Creek (krk), n. Etym: [AS. crecca; akin to D. kreek, Icel. kriki
crack, nook; cf. W. crig crack, crigyll ravine, creek. Cf. Crick,
Crook.]

1. A small inlet or bay, narrower and extending further into the land
than a cove; a recess in the shore of the sea, or of a river.
Each creek and cavern of the dangerous shore. Cowper.
They discovered a certain creek, with a shore. Acts xxvii. 39.

2. A stream of water smaller than a river and larger than a brook.
Lesser streams and rivulets are denominated creeks. Goldsmith.

3. Any turn or winding.
The passages of alleys, creeks, and narrow lands. Shak.

CREEKFISH
Creek"fish (krk"fsh), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chub sucker.

CREEKS
Creeks (krks), n. pl.; sing. Creek. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe or confederacy of North American Indians, including the
Muskogees, Seminoles, Uchees, and other subordinate tribes. They
formerly inhabited Georgia, Florida, and Alabama.

CREEKY
Creek"y (krk"), a.

Defn: Containing, or abounding in, creeks; characterized by creeks;
like a creek; winding. "The creeky shore." Spenser.

CREEL
Creel (krl), n. Etym: [Gael. craidhleag basket, creel.]

1. An osier basket, such as anglers use. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Spinning)

Defn: A bar or set of bars with skewers for holding paying-off
bobbins, as in the roving machine, throstle, and mule.

CREEP
Creep (krp), v. t. [imp. Crept (krpt) (Crope (kr, Obs.); p. p. Crept;
p. pr. & vb. n. Creeping.] Etym: [OE. crepen, creopen, AS. cre; akin
to D. kruipen, G. kriechen, Icel. krjupa, Sw. krypa, Dan. krybe. Cf.
Cripple, Crouch.]

1. To move along the ground, or on any other surface, on the belly,
as a worm or reptile; to move as a child on the hands and knees; to
crawl.
Ye that walk The earth, and stately tread, or lowly creep. Milton.

2. To move slowly, feebly, or timorously, as from unwillingness,
fear, or weakness.
The whining schoolboy . . . creeping, like snail, Unwillingly to
school. Shak.
Like guilty thing, Icreep. Tennyson.

3. To move in a stealthy or secret manner; to move imperceptibly or
clandestinely; to steal in; to insinuate itself or one's self; as,
age creeps upon us.
The sothistry which creeps into most of the books of argument. Locke.
Of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly
women. 2. Tim. iii. 6.

4. To slip, or to become slightly displaced; as, the collodion on a
negative, or a coat of varnish, may creep in drying; the quicksilver
on a mirror may creep.

5. To move or behave with servility or exaggerated humility; to fawn;
as, a creeping sycophant.
To come as humbly as they used to creep. Shak.

6. To grow, as a vine, clinging to the ground or to some other
support by means of roots or rootlets, or by tendrils, along its
length. "Creeping vines." Dryden.

7. To have a sensation as of insects creeping on the skin of the
body; to crawl; as, the sight made my flesh creep. See Crawl, v.
i.,4.

8. To drag in deep water with creepers, as for recovering a submarine
cable.

CREEP
Creep, n.

1. The act or process of creeping.

2. A distressing sensation, or sound, like that occasioned by the
creeping of insects.
A creep of undefinable horror. Blackwood's Mag.
Out of the stillness, with gathering creep, Like rising wind in
leaves. Lowell.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A slow rising of the floor of a gallery, occasioned by the
pressure of incumbent strata upon the pillars or sides; a gradual
movement of mining ground.

CREEPER
Creep"er (krp"r), n.

1. One who, or that which, creeps; any creeping thing.
Standing waters are most unwholesome, . . . full of mites,creepers;
slimy, muddy, unclean. Burton.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant that clings by rootlets, or by tendrils, to the ground,
or to trees, etc.; as, the Virginia creeper (Ampelopsis
quinquefolia).

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small bird of the genus Certhia, allied to the wrens. The
brown or common European creeper is C. familiaris, a variety of which
(var. Americana) inhabits America; -- called also tree creeper and
creeptree. The American black and white creeper is Mniotilta varia.

4. A kind of patten mounted on short pieces of iron instead of rings;
also, a fixture with iron points worn on a shoe to prevent one from
slipping.

5. pl.

Defn: A spurlike device strapped to the boot, which enables one to
climb a tree or pole; -- called often telegraph creepers.

6. A small, low iron, or dog, between the andirons.

7. pl.

Defn: An instrument with iron hooks or claws for dragging at the
bottom of a well, or any other body of water, and bringing up what
may lie there.

8. Any device for causing material to move steadily from one part of
a machine to another, as an apron in a carding machine, or an inner
spiral in a grain screen.

9. pl. (Arch.)

Defn: Crockets. See Crocket.

CREEPHOLE
Creep"hole` (-hl`), n.

1. A hole or retreat onto which an animal may creep, to escape notice
or danger.

2. A subterfuge; an excuse.

CREEPIE
Creep"ie (-), n.

Defn: A low stool. [Scot.]

CREEPINESS
Creep"i*ness (--ns), n.

Defn: An uneasy sensation as of insects creeping on the skin.
She felt a curious, uneasy creepiness. Mrs. Alexander.

CREEPING
Creep"ing, a.

1. Crawling, or moving close to the ground. "Every creeping thing."
Gen. vi. 20.

2. Growing along, and clinging to, the ground, or to a wall, etc., by
means of rootlets or tendrils.
Casements lined with creeping herbs. Cowper.
Ceeping crowfoot (Bot.), a plant, the Ranunculus repens.- Creeping
snowberry, an American plant (Chiogenes hispidula) with white berries
and very small round leaves having the flavor of wintergreen.

CREEPING CHARLIE
Creep"ing Char"lie.

Defn: The stonecrop (Sedum acre).

CREEPINGLY
Creep"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: by creeping slowly; in the manner of a reptile; insidiously;
cunningly.
How slily and creepingly did he address himself to our first parents.
South.

CREEPLE
Cree"ple (kr"p'l), n. Etym: [See Cripple.]

1. A creeping creature; a reptile. [Obs.]
There is one creeping beast, or long creeple (as the name is in
Devonshire), that hath a rattle at his tail that doth discover his
age. Morton (1632).

2. One who is lame; a cripple. [Obs.]
Thou knowest how lame a creeple this world is. Donne.

CREEPY
Creep"y (krp"), a.

Defn: Crawly; having or producing a sensation like that caused by
insects creeping on the skin. [Colloq.]
One's whole blood grew curdling and creepy. R. Browning.

CREES
Crees (krz), n. pl.; sing. Cree. (Ethnol.)

Defn: An Algonquin tribe of Indians, inhabiting a large part of
British America east of the Rocky Mountains and south of Hudson's
Bay.

CREESE
Creese (krs), n. Etym: [Malay. kris.]

Defn: A dagger or short sword used by the Malays, commonly having a
serpentine blade. [Written also crease and kris.]
From a Malayan creese to a sailor's jackknife. Julian Hawthorne.

CREMAILLERE
Cré`mail`lère" (kr`m`lyr" or -m`yr"), n. Etym: [F.] (Fort.)

Defn: An indented or zigzaged line of intrenchment.

CREMASTER
Cre*mas"ter (kr-ms"tr), n. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A thin muscle which serves to draw up the testicle.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The apex of the last abdominal segment of an insect.

CREMASTERIC
Crem`as*ter"ic (krm`3s-tr"k), a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the cremaster; as, the cremasteric artery.

CREMATE
Cre"mate (kr"mt or kr-mt"), v. t. Etym: [L. crematus, p. p. of
cremare to burn; cf. Skr. cr to cook.]

Defn: To burn; to reduce to ashes by the action of fire, either
directly or in an oven or retort; to incremate or incinerate; as, to
cremate a corpse, instead of burying it.

CREMATION
Cre*ma"tion (kr-m"shn), n. Etym: [L. crematio.]

Defn: A burning; esp., the act or practice of cremating the dead.
Without cremation . . . of their bodies. Sir T. Browne.

CREMATIONIST
Cre*ma"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who advocates the practice of cremation.

CREMATOR
Cre*ma"tor (-tr), n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who, or that which, cremmates or consumes to ashes.

CREMATORIUM; CREMATORY
Crem`a*to"ri*um (krm`-t"r-m), Crem"a*to*ry (krm"-t-r), n.; pl.
Crematoriums (-Crematories (-r. Etym: [NL. crematorium, fr. L.
cremator.]

Defn: A furnace for cremating corpses; a building containing such a
furnace.

CREMATORY
Crem"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or employed in, cremation.

CREME
Crême, n. [F.]

Defn: Cream; -- a term used esp. in cookery, names of liqueurs, etc.

CREMOCARP
Crem"o*carp (krm"-krp or kr"m-), n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The peculiar fruit of fennel, carrott, parsnip, and the like,
consisting of a pair of carpels pendent from a supporting axis.

CREMONA
Cre*mo"na (kr-m"n), n.

Defn: A superior kind of violin, formerly made at Cremona, in Italy.

CREMOR
Cre"mor (kr"mr), n. Etym: [L. CF. Cream.]

Defn: Cream; a substance resembling cream; yeast; scum.

CREMOSIN
Crem"o*sin (krm"-sn), n.

Defn: See Crimson. [Obs.]

CREMS
Crems (krmz), n.

Defn: See Krems.

CRENATE; CRENATED
Cre"nate (krnt), Cre"na*ted (kr"n-td), a. Etym: [L. crena notch. See
Cranny.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the margin cut into rounded teeth notches, or scallops.

CRENATION
Cre*na"tion (kr-n"shn), n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A rounded tooth on the edge of a leaf.

2. The condition of being crenate.

CRENATURE
Cren"a*ture (krn"-tr or kr"n-; 135), n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A rounded tooth or notch of a crenate leaf, or any part that is
crenate; -- called also crenelle.

2. The state of being crenated or notched.

CRENEL
Cre*nel" (kr-nl"), n.

Defn: See Crenelle.

CRENELATE
Cren"el*ate (krn"l-t or kr"nl-t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crenelated (-
`td); p. pr. & vb. n. Crenelating (-`tng).] Etym: [LL. crenellare,
kernellare: cf. F. cr to indent. See Crenelle.] [Written also
crenellate.]

1. To furnish with crenelles.

2. To indent; to notch; as, a crenelated leaf. Crenelated molding
(Arch.), a kind of indented molding used in Norman buildings.

CRENELATION
Cren`el*a"tion (-"shn), n.

Defn: The act of crenelating, or the state of being crenelated; an
indentation or an embrasure. [Written also crenellation.]

CRENELLE; CRENEL
Cre*nelle", Cre*nel" (kr-nl"), n. Etym: [OF. crenel, F. cr, LL.
crenellus, kernellus, dim. (prob.) fr. L. crena notch. See Crenny.]

1. An embrasure or indentation in a battlement; a loophole in a
fortress; an indentation; a notch. See Merlon, and Illust. of
Battlement.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Crenature.

CRENELLED
Cre*nelled" (kr a. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Crenate.

CRENGLE; CRENKLE
Cren"gle (krn"g'l), Cren"kle (-k'l), n.

Defn: See Cringle.

CRENULATE; CRENULATED
Cren"u*late (krn"-lt), Cren"u*la`ted (-l`td), a. Etym: [Dim. of
crenate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Minutely crenate.

CRENULATION
Cren`u*la"tion (-l"shn), n.

1. A minute crenation.

2. The state of being minutely scalloped.

CREOLE
Cre"ole (kr"l), n. Etym: [F. cr, Sp. criollo, from an American negro
word, perh. a corruption of a Sp. criadillo, dim. of criado servant,
formerly also, child, fr. L. creatus, p. p. of creare to create. Cf.
Create.]

Defn: One born of European parents in the American colonies of France
or Spain or in the States which were once such colonies, esp. a
person of French or Spanish descent, who is a native inhabitant of
Louisiana, or one of the States adjoining, bordering on the Gulf of
of Mexico.

Note: "The term creole negro is employed in the English West Indies
to distinguish the negroes born there from the Africans imported
during the time of the slave trade. The application of this term to
the colored people has led to an idea common in some parts of the
United States, though wholly unfounded, that it implies an admixture
greater or less of African blood." R. Hildreth.

Note: "The title [Creole] did not first belong to the descendants of
Spanish, but of French, settlers, But such a meaning implied a
certain excellence of origin, and so came early to include any native
of French or Spanish descent by either parent, whose nonalliance with
the slave race entitled him to social rank. Later, the term was
adopted by, not conceded to, the natives of mixed blood, and is still
so used among themselves. . . . Besides French and Spanish, there are
even, for convenience of speech, 'colored' Creoles; but there are no
Italian, or Sicilian, nor any English, Scotch, Irish, or 'Yankee'
Creoles, unless of parentage married into, and themselves thoroughly
proselyted in, Creole society." G. W. Cable.

CREOLE
Cre"ole (kr"l), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a Creole or the Creoles.

Note: In New Orleans the word Creole is applied to any product, or
variety of manufacture, peculiar to Louisiana; as, Creole ponies,
chickens, cows, shoes, eggs, wagons, baskets, etc.

CREOLEAN; CREOLIAN
Cre*o"le*an (kr-"l-an), Cre*o"li*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the Creoles.
 -- n.

Defn: A Creole.

CREOLE STATE
Creole State.

Defn: Louisiana; -- a nickname. See Creole, n. & a.

CREOSOL
Cre"o*sol (kr"-sl), n. Etym: [Cresote + phenol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless liquid resembling phenol or carbolic acid,
homologous with pyrocatechin, and obtained from beechwood tar and gum
guaiacum. [Written also creasol.]

CREOSOTE
Cre"o*sote (kr"-st), n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Wood-tar oil; an oily antiseptic liquid, of a burning smoky
taste, colorless when pure, but usually colored yellow or brown by
impurity or exposure. It is a complex mixture of various phenols and
their ethers, and is obtained by the distillation of wood tar,
especially that of beechwood.

Note: It is remarkable as an antiseptic and deodorizer in the
preservation of wood, flesh, etc., and in the prevention of
putrefaction; but it is a poor germicide, and in this respect has
been overrated. Smoked meat, as ham, owes its preservation and taste
to a small quantity of creosote absorbed from the smoke to which it
is exposed. Carbolic acid is phenol proper, while creosote is a
mixture of several phenols. Coal-tar creosote (Chem.), a colorless or
yellow, oily liquid, obtained in the distillation of coal tar, and
resembling wood-tar oil, or creosote proper, in composition and
properties.

CREOSOTE
Cre"o*sote, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Creosoted (-s"td); p. pr. & vb. n.
Creosoting.]

Defn: To saturate or impregnate with creosote, as timber, for the
prevention of decay.

CREOSOTE BUSH
Cre"o*sote bush.

Defn: A shrub (Covillea mexicana) found in desert regions from
Colorado to California and southward through Mexico. It has yellow
flowers and very resinous foliage with a strong odor of creosote.

CREPANCE; CREPANE
Cre"pance (kr"pans), Cre"pane (kr"pn), n. Etym: [Cf. L. crepare to
crack.] (Far.)

Defn: An injury in a horse's leg, caused by the shoe of one hind foot
striking and cutting the other leg. It sometimes forms an ulcer.

CREPE
Crêpe (krp), n.

Defn: Same as Crape.

CREPITANT
Crep"i*tant (krp"-tant), a. Etym: [See Crepitate.]

Defn: Having a crackling sound; crackling; rattling. Crepitant rale
(Med.), a peculiar crackling sound audible with inspiration in
pneumonia and other lung disease.

CREPITATE
Crep"i*tate (kr, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Crepitated (-t; p. pr. & vb. n.
Crepitating (-t.] Etym: [L. crepitatus, p. p. of crepitare to
crackle, v. intensive of crepare to crack. Cf. Crevice.]

Defn: To make a series of small, sharp, rapidly repeated explosions
or sounds, as salt in fire; to crackle; to snap.

CREPITATION
Crep`i*ta"tion (krp`-t"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. crépitation.]

1. The act of crepitating or crackling.

2. (Med.)
(a) A grating or crackling sensation or sound, as that produced by
rubbing two fragments of a broken bone together, or by pressing upon
cellular tissue containing air.
(b) A crepitant râle.

CREPITUS
Crep"i*tus (krp"-ts), n. Etym: [L., fr. crepare to crack.] (Med.)
(a) The noise produced bu a sudden discharge of wind from the bowels.
(b) Same as Crepitation, 2.

CREPON
Cre"pon (kr"pn; F. kr`pn"), n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A thin stuff made of the finest wool or silk, or of wool and
silk.

CREPT
Crept (krpt),

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Creep.

CREPUSCLE; CREPUSCULE
Cre*pus"cle (kr-ps"s'l), Cre*pus"cule (kr-ps"kl), n. Etym: [L.
crepusculum, fr. creper dusky, dark: cf. F. cr.]

Defn: Twilight. Bailey.

CREPUSCULAR; CREPUSCULOUS
Cre*pus"cu*lar (-k-lr), Cre*pus"cu*lous (-ls), a. Etym: [Cf. F. cr.]

1. Pertaining to twilight; glimmering; hence, imperfectly clear or
luminous.
This semihistorical and crepuscular period. Sir G. C. Lewis.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Flying in the twilight or evening, or before sunrise; -- said
certain birds and insects.
Others feed only in the twilight, as bats and owls, and are called
crepuscular. Whewell.

CREPUSCULINE
Cre*pus"cu*line, a.

Defn: Crepuscular. [Obs.] Sprat.

CRESCENCE
Cres"cence (krs"sens), n. Etym: [See Crescent.]

Defn: Increase; enlargement. [Obs.]
And toward the moon's attractive crescence bend. H. Brooke.

CRESCENDO
Cres*cen"do (krs-sn"d; It. kr-shn"d), a. & adv. Etym: [It., from
crescere to increase. See Crescent.] (Mus.)

Defn: With a constantly increasing volume of voice; with gradually
increasing strength and fullness of tone; -- a direction for the
performance of music, indicated by the mark, or by writing the word
on the score.

CRESCENDO
Cres*cen"do, n. (Mus.)
(a) A gradual increase in the strength and fullness of tone with
which a passage is performed.
(b) A pssage to be performed with constantly increasing volume of
tone.

CRESCENT
Cres"cent (krs"sent), n. Etym: [OE. cressent, cressaunt, crescent (in
sense 1), OF. creissant increasing, F. croissant, p. pr. of cro, OF.
creistre, fr. L. crescere to increase, v. incho.; akin to creare to
create. See Create, and cf. Accrue, Increase, Crescendo.]

1. The increasing moon; the moon in her first quarter, or when
defined by a concave and a convex edge; also, applied improperly to
the old or decreasing moon in a like state.

2. Anything having the shape of a crescent or new moon.

3. A representation of the increasing moon, often used as an emblem
or badge; as:
(a) A symbol of Artemis, or Diana.
(b) The ancient symbol of Byzantium or Constantinople. Hence:
(c) The emblem of the Turkish Empire, adopted after the taking of
Constantinople.
The cross of our faith is replanted, The pale, dying crescent is
daunted. Campbell.

4. Any one of three orders of knighthood; the first instituted by
Charles I., king of Naples and Sicily, in 1268; the second by René of
Anjou, in 1448; and the third by the Sultan Selim III., in 1801, to
be conferred upon foreigners to whom Turkey might be indebted for
valuable services. Brande & C.

5. (Her.)

Defn: The emblem of the increasing moon with horns directed upward,
when used in a coat of arms; -- often used as a mark of cadency to
distinguish a second son and his descendants.

CRESCENT
Cres"cent (krs"sent), a.

1. Shaped like a crescent.
Astarte, queen of heaven, with crescent horns. Milton.

2. Increasing; growing.
O, I see the crescent promise of my spirit hath not set. Tennyson.

CRESCENT
Cres"cent, v. t.

1. To form into a crescent, or something resembling a crescent. [R.]
Anna Seward.

2. To adorn with crescents.

CRESCENTIC
Cres*cen"tic (krs-sn"tk), a.

Defn: Crescent-shaped. "Crescentic lobes." R. Owen.

CRESCENTWISE
Cres"cent*wise` (krs"sent-wz`), adv.

Defn: In the form of a crescent; like a crescent. Tennyson.

CRESCIVE
Cres"cive (krs"sv), a. Etym: [L. crescere to increase.]

Defn: Increasing; growing. [R.]
Unseen, yet crescive in his faculty. Shak.

CRESOL
Cre"sol (kr"sl), n. Etym: [From Creosote.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of three metameric substances, CH3.C6H4.OH, homologous
with and resembling phenol. They are obtained from coal tar and wood
tar, and are colorless, oily liquids or solids.

Note: [Called also cresylic acid.]

CRESORCIN
Cre*sor"cin (kr-sr"sn), n. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Isorcin.

CRESS
Cress (krs), n.; pl. Cresses (kr. Etym: [OE. ces, cresse, kers,
kerse, AS. cresse, cerse; akin to D. kers, G. kresse, Dan. karse, Sw.
krasse, and possibly also to OHG. chresan to creep.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of various species, chiefly cruciferous. The leaves
have a moderately pungent taste, and are used as a salad and
antiscorbutic.

Note: The garden cress, called also peppergrass, is the Lepidium
sativum; the water cress is the Nasturtium officinale. Various other
plants are sometimes called cresses.
To strip the brook with mantling cresses spread. Goldsmith.
Bitter cress. See under Bitter.
 -- Not worth a cress, or "not worth a kers." a common old proverb,
now turned into the meaningless "not worth a curse." Skeat.

CRESSELLE
Cres*selle" (krs-sl"), n. Etym: [F. crécelle rattle.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A wooden rattle sometimes used as a substitute for a bell, in
the Roman Catholic church, during the latter part of Holy Week, or
the last week of Lent.

CRESSET
Cres"set (krs"st), n. Etym: [OF. crasset, cresset, sort of lamp or
torch; perh. of Dutch or German origin, and akin to E. cruse, F.
creuset crucible, E. crucible.]

1. An open frame or basket of iron, filled with combustible material,
to be burned as a beacon; an open lamp or firrepan carried on a pole
in nocturnal processions.
Starry lamps and blazing cressets, fed With naphtha and asphaltus.
Milton.
As a cresset true that darts its length Of beamy luster from a tower
of strength. Wordsworth.

2. (Coopering)

Defn: A small furnace or iron cage to hold fire for charring the
inside of a cask, and making the staves flexible. Knight.

CRESSY
Cress"y (krs"), a.

Defn: Abounding in cresses.
The cressy islets white in flower. Tennyson.

CREST
Crest (krst), n. Etym: [OF. creste, F. cr, L. crista.]

1. A tuft, or other excrescence or natural ornament, growing on
animal's head; the comb of a cock; the swelling on the head of a
serpent; the lengthened feathers of the crown or nape of bird, etc.
Darwin.
[Attack] his rising crest, and drive the serpent back. C. Pitt.

2. The plume of feathers, or other decoration, worn on a helmet; the
distinctive ornament of a helmet, indicating the rank of the weare;
hence, also, the helmet.
Stooping low his lofty crest. Sir W. Scott.
And on his head there stood upright A crest, in token of a knight.
Gower.

3. (Her.)

Defn: A bearing worn, not upon the shield, but usually above it, or
separately as an ornament for plate, liveries, and the like. It is a
relic of the ancient cognizance. See Cognizance, 4.

4. The upper curve of a horse's neck.
Throwing the base thong from his bending crest. Shak.

5. The ridge or top of wave.
Like wave with crest of sparkling foam. Sir W. Scott.

6. The summit of a hill or mountain ridge.

7. The helm or head, as typical of a high spirit; pride; courage.
Now the time is come That France must vail her lofty plumed crest.
Shak.

8. (Arch.)

Defn: The ornamental finishing which surmounts the ridge of a roof,
canopy, etc.
The finials of gables and pinnacles are sometimes called crest.
Parker.

9. (Engin.)

Defn: The top line of a slope or embankment. Crest tile, a tile made
to cover the ridge of a roof, fitting upon it like a saddle.
 -- Interior crest (Fort.), the highest line of the parapet.

CREST
Crest, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crested; p. pr. & vb. n. Cresting.]

1. To furnish with, or surmount as, a crest; to serve as a crest for.

His legs bestrid the ocean, his reared arm Crested the world. Shak.
Mid groves of clouds that crest the mountain's brow. Wordsworth.

2. To mark with lines or streaks, like, or regarded as like, waving
plumes.
Like as the shining sky in summer's night, . . . Is crested with
lines of fiery light. Spenser.

CREST
Crest (krst), v. i.

Defn: To form a crest.

CRESTED
Crest"ed (krst"d), a.

1. Having a crest.
But laced crested helm. Dryden.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a crest of feathers or hair upon the head. "The crested
bird." Dryden.

3. (Bott.)

Defn: Bearing any elevated appendage like a crest, as an elevated
line or ridge, or a tuft. Gray.

CRESTFALLEN
Crest"fall`en (-fl`'n), a.

1. With hanging head; hence, dispirited; dejected; cowed.
Let it make thee crestfullen; Ay, and allay this thy abortive pride.
Shak.

2. Having the crest, or upper part of the neck, hanging to one side;
-- said of a horse.

CRESTING
Crest"ing, n. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornamental finish on the top of a wall or ridge of a roof.

CRESTLESS
Crest"less, a.

Defn: Without a crest or escutcheon; of low birth. "Crestless
yeomen." Shak.

CRESYLIC
Cre*syl"ic (kr-sl"k), a. Etym: [From Creosote.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, cresol, creosote, etc. Cresylic
acid. (Chem.) See Cresol.

CRETACEOUS
Cre*ta"ceous (kr-t"shs), a. Etym: [L. cretaceus, fr. creta chalk. See
Crayon.]

Defn: Having the qualities of chalk;abounding with chalk; chalky; as,
cretaceous rocks and formations. See Chalk. Cretaceous acid, an old
name for carbonic acid.
 -- Cretaceous formation (Geol.), the series of strata of various
kinds, including beds of chalk, green sand, etc., formed in the
Cretaceous period; -- called also the chalk formation. See the
Diagram under Geology.
 -- Cretaceous period (Geol.), the time in the latter part of the
Mesozoic age during which the Cretaceous formation was deposited.

CRETACEOUS; CRETACIC
Cre*ta"ceous, a. Also Cre*tac"ic. (Geol.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, the period of time following
the Jurassic and preceding the Eocene.

CRETACEOUSLY
Cre*ta"ceous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a chalky manner; as chalk.

CRETAN
Cre"tan (kr"tan), a.

Defn: Pertaining to Crete, or Candia.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Crete or Candia.

CRETE
Crete (krt), n. Etym: [L. Cres, Cretis.]

Defn: A Cretan

CRETIAN
Cre"tian (kr"shan), a. & n.

Defn: See Cretan.

CRETIC
Cre"tic (kr"tk), n. Etym: [L. Creticus (sc. pes foot), Gr. (Gr. &
Lat. Pros.)

Defn: A poetic foot, composed of one short syllable between two long
ones (-Bentley.

CRETICISM
Cre"ti*cism (-t-sz'm), n.

Defn: Falsehood; lying; cretism.

CRETIN
Cre"tin (kr"tn), n. Etym: [F. crétin; of uncertain origin.]

Defn: One afflicted with cretinism.

CRETINISM
Cre"tin*ism (kr"tn-*z'm), n. Etym: [F. cr.]

Defn: A condition of endemic or inherited idiocy, accompanied by
physical degeneracy and deformity (usually with goiter), frequent in
certain mountain valleys, esp. of the Alps.

CRETINOUS
Cre"tin*ous (-s), a.

Defn: Having the characteristics of a cretin. "Cretinous
stupefaction." Ruskin.

CRETISM
Cre"tism (kr"tz'm), n. Etym: [Gr. Titus i. 12.]

Defn: A Cretan practice; iying; a falsehood.

CRETONNE
Cre*tonne" (kr-tn"), n. Etym: [F., gr. Creton, its first
manufacturer.]

1. A strong white fabric with warp of hemp and welt of flax.

2. A fabric with cotton warp and woolen weft.

3. A kind of chintz with a glossy surface.

CRETOSE
Cre"tose (kr"ts), a. Etym: [L. cretosus, fr. creta chalk.]

Defn: Chalky; cretaceous. [Obs.] Ash.

CREUTZER
Creut"zer

Defn: (kroitn. See Kreutzer.

CREUX
Creux (kr), n. Etym: [F., adj., hollow, n., a hollow.]

Defn: Used in English only in the expression en creux. Thus,
engraving en creux is engraving in intaglio, or by sinking or
hollowing out the design.

CREVALLE
Cre`val*le" (kr`vl-l"), n. Etym: [Prob. of same origin as cavally.
See Cavally.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The cavally or jurel. See Cavally, and Jurel.
(b) The pompano (Trachynotus Carolinus).

CREVASSE
Cre`vasse" (kr`vs"), n. Etym: [F. See Crevice.]

1. A deep crevice or fissure, as in embankment; one of the clefts or
fissure by which the mass of a glacier is divided.

2. A breach in the levee or embankment of a river, caused by the
pressure of the water, as on the lower Mississippi. [U.S.]

CREVET
Crev"et (krv"t), n. Etym: [Cf. Creut.]

Defn: A crucible or melting pot; a cruset. Crabb.

CREVICE
Crev"ice (krv"s), n. Etym: [OE. crevace, crevice. F. crevasse, fr.
crever to break, burst, fr. L. crepare to crack,break. Cf. Craven,
Crepitate, Crevasse.]

Defn: A narrow opening resulting from a split or crack or the
separation of a junction; a cleft; a fissure; a rent.
The mouse, Behind the moldering wainscot, shrieked, Or from the
crevice peered about. Tennyson.

CREVICE
Crev"ice, v. t.

Defn: To crack; to flaw. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

CREVICED
Crev"iced (-st), a.

Defn: Having a crevice or crevices; as, a creviced structure for
storing ears of corn.
Trickling through the creviced rock. J. Cunningham.

CREVIS
Crev"is (-s), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crawfish. [Prov. Eng.]

CREW
Crew (kr), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Manx shearwater.

CREW
Crew (kr), n. Etym: [From older accrue accession, reAccrue,
Crescent.]

1. A company of people associated together; an assemblage; a throng.
There a noble crew Of lords and ladies stood on every side. Spenser.
Faithful to whom to thy rebellious crew Milton.

2. The company of seamen who man a ship, vessel, or at; the company
belonging to a vessel or a boat.

Note: The word crew, in law, is ordinarily used as equivalent to
ship's company, including master and other officers. When the master
and other officers are excluded, the context always shows it. Story.
Burrill.

3. In an extended sense, any small body of men associated for a
purpose; a gang; as (Naut.), the carpenter's crew; the boatswain's
crew.

Syn.
 -- Company; band; gang; horde; mob; herd; throng; party.

CREW
Crew (kr),

Defn: imp. of Crow.

CREWEL
Crew"el (kr"l), n. Etym: [Perh. for clewel, dim. of clew a ball of
thread; or cf. D. krul curl, E. curl. sq. root26.]

Defn: Worsted yarn,, slackly twisted, used for embroidery.

CREWELWORK
Crew"el*work` (-wrk`), n.

Defn: Embroidery in crewels, commonly done upon some plain material,
such as linen.

CREWET
Crew"et (kr"t), n.

Defn: See Cruet.

CRIB
Crib (krb), n. Etym: [AS. crybb; akin to OS. kribbja, D. krib,
kribbe, Dan. krybbe, G. krippe, and perh. to MHG. krebe basket, G,
korb, and E. rip a sort of wicker basket.]

1. A manger or rack; a feeding place for animals.
The steer lion at one crib shall meet. Pope.

2. A stall for oxen or other cattle.
Where no oxen are, the crib is clean. Prov. xiv. 4.

3. A small inclosed bedstead or cot for a child.

4. A box or bin, or similar wooden structure, for storing grain,
salt, etc.; as, a crib for corn or oats.

5. A hovel; a hut; a cottage.
Why rather, Sleep, liest thou in smoky cribs, . . . Than in the
perfumed chambers of the great Shak.

6. (Mining)

Defn: A structure or frame of timber for a foundation, or for
supporting a roof, or for lining a shaft.

7. A structure of logs to be anchored with stones; -- used for docks,
pier, dams, etc.

8. A small raft of timber. [Canada]

9. A small theft; anything purloined;; a plagiaris [Colloq.]
The Latin version technically called a crib. Ld. Lytton.
Occasional perusal of the Pagan writers, assisted by a crib. Wilkie
Collins.

10. A miner's luncheon. [Cant] Raymond.

11. (Card Playing)

Defn: The discarded cards which the dealer can use in scoring points
in cribbage.

CRIB
Crib, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Cribbed (krbd); p.pr. & vb. n. Cribbing.]

1. To shut up or confine in a narrow habitation; to cage; to cramp.
If only the vital energy be not cribbed or cramped. I. Taylor.
Now I am cabin'd, cribbed, confined. Shak.

2. To pilfer or purloin; hence, to steal from an author; to
appropriate; to plagiarize; as, to crib a line from Milton. [Colloq.]
Child, being fond of toys, cribbed the necklace. Dickens.

CRIB
Crib, v. i.

1. To crowd together, or to be confined, as in a crib or in narrow
accommodations. [R.]
Who sought to make . . . bishops to crib in a Presbyterian trundle
bed. Gauden.

2. To make notes for dishonest use in recitation or examination.
[College Cant]

3. To seize the manger or other solid object with the teeth and draw
in wind; -- said of a horse.

CRIBBAGE
Crib"bage (krb"j), n. Etym: [From Crib, v. t., 2.]

Defn: A game of cards, played by two or four persons, in which there
is a crib. (See Crib, 11.) It is characterized by a great variety of
chances.
A man's fancy would be summed up in cribbage. John Hall.
Cribbage board, a board with holes and pegs, used by cribbage players
to score their game.

CRIBBER; CRIB-BITER
Crib"ber (krb"r), Crib"-bit`er (-bt"r), n.

Defn: A horse that has the habit of cribbing.

CRIBBING
Crib"bing (krb"bng), n.

1. The act of inclosing or confining in a crib or in close quarters.

2. Purloining; stealing; plagiarizing. [Colloq.]

3. (Mining)

Defn: A framework of timbers and plank backing for a shaft lining, to
prevent caving, percolation of water, etc.

4. A vicious habit of a horse; crib-biting. The horse lays hold of
the crib or manger with his teeth and draws air into the stomach with
a grunting sound.

CRIB-BITING
Crib"-bit`ing (krb"bt`ng), n.

Defn: Same as Cribbing, 4.

CRIBBLE
Crib"ble (krb"b'l), n. Etym: [F. crible, LL. criblus sieve, fr. L.
cribrum.]

1. A coarse sieve or screen.

2. Coarse flour or meal. [Obs.] Johnson.

CRIBBLE
Crib"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cribbled (-b'ld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cribbling (-blng).] Etym: [Cf. F. cribler.]

Defn: To cause to pass through a sieve or riddle; to sift.

CRIBBLE
Crib"ble, a.

Defn: Coarse; as, cribble bread. [Obs.] Huloet.

CRIBELLUM
Cri*bel"lum (krbl"lm), n. Etym: [L., a small sieve, dim. of cribrum
sieve.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar perforated organ of certain spiders (Ciniflonidæ),
used for spinning a special kind of silk.

CRIBRATE
Crib"rate (krb"rt), a. Etym: [L. cribratus, p.p. of cribrare to sift,
fr. cribrum a sieve.]

Defn: Cribriform.

CRIBRATION
Cri*bra"tion (kr-br"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. cribration, fr. L.
cribrare to sift. See Cribble, n.] (Pharmacy)

Defn: The act or process of separating the finer parts of drugs from
the coarser by sifting.

CRIBRIFORM
Crib"ri*form (krb"rfrm), a. Etym: [L. cribrum sieve + -form: cf. F.
cribriforme.]

Defn: Resembling, or having the form of, a sieve; pierced with hokes;
as, the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone; a cribriform compress.
Cribriform cells (Bot.), those which have here and there oblique or
transverse sieve plates, or places perforated with many holes.

CRIBROSE
Crib"rose (krb"rs), a. Etym: [L. cribrum sieve.]

Defn: Perforated like a sieve; cribriform.

CRIC
Cric (krk), n. Etym: [prob. fr. F. cric a jackscrew.]

Defn: The ring which turns inward and condenses the flame of a lamp.
Knight.

CRICK
Crick (krk), n. Etym: [See Creak.]

Defn: The creaking of a door, or a noise resembling it. [Obs.]
Johnson.

CRICK
Crick, n. Etym: [The same as creek a bending, twisting. See Creek,
Crook.]

1. A painful, spasmodic affection of the muscles of some part of the
body, as of the neck or back, rendering it difficult to move the
part.
To those also that, with a crick or cramp, have thei necks drawn
backward. Holland.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. cric.]

Defn: A small jackscrew. Knight.

CRICKET
Crick"et (krk"t), n. Etym: [OE. criket, OF. crequet, criquet; prob.
of German origin, and akin to E. creak; cf. D. kriek a cricket. See
Creak.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An orthopterous insect of the genus Gryllus, and allied genera.
The males make chirping, musical notes by rubbing together the basal
parts of the veins of the front wings.

Note: The common European cricket is Gryllus domesticus; the common
large black crickets of America are G. niger, G. neglectus, and
others. Balm cricket. See under Balm.
 -- Cricket bird, a small European bird (Silvia locustella); --
called also grasshopper warbler.
 -- Cricket frog, a small American tree frog (Acris gryllus); -- so
called from its chirping.

CRICKET
Crick"et, n. Etym: [AS. cricc, crycc, crooked staff, crutch. Perh.
first used in sense 1, a stool prob. having been first used as a
wicket. See Crutch.]

1. A low stool.

2. A game much played in England, and sometimes in America, with a
ball, bats, and wickets, the players being arranged in two contesting
parties or sides.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A small false roof, or the raising of a portion of a roof, so
as to throw off water from behind an obstacle, such as a chimney.

CRICKET
Crick"et, v. i.

Defn: To play at cricket. Tennyson.

CRICKETER
Crick"et*er (krk"t-r), n.

Defn: One who plays at cricket.

CRICOID
Cri"coid (kr"koid), a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Resembling a ring; -- said esp. of the cartilage at the larynx,
and the adjoining parts.

CRICOTHYROID
Cri`co*thy"roid (-k-th"roid), a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining both to the cricoid and the thyroid
cartilages.

CRIED
Cried (krd),

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Cry.

CRIER
Cri"er (kr"r), n. Etym: [Cf. F. crieur. See Cry.]

Defn: One who cries; one who makes proclamation. Specifically, an
officer who proclams the orders or directions of a court, or who
gives public notice by loud proclamation; as, a town-crier.
He openeth his mouth like a crier. Ecclus. xx. 15.

CRIME
Crime (krm), n.Etym: [F. crime, fr. L. crimen judicial decision, that
which is subjected to such a decision, charge, fault, crime, fr. the
root of cernere to decide judicially. See Certain.]

1. Any violation of law, either divine or human; an omission of a
duty commanded, or the commission of an act forbidden by law.

2. Gross violation of human law, in distinction from a misdemeanor or
trespass, or other slight offense. Hence, also, any aggravated
offense against morality or the public welfare; any outrage or great
wrong. "To part error from crime." Tennyson.

Note: Crimes, in the English common law, are grave offenses which
were originally capitally punished (murder, rape, robbery, arson,
burglary, and larceny), as distinguished from misdemeanors, which are
offenses of a lighter grade. See Misdemeanors.

3. Any great wickedness or sin; iniguity.
Nocrime was thine, if 'tis no crime to love. Pope.

4. That which occasion crime. [Obs.]
The tree of life, the crime of our first father's fall. Spenser.
Capital crime, a crime punishable with death.

Syn.
 -- Sin; vice; iniquity; wrong.
 -- Crime, Sin,Vice. Sin is the generic term, embracing wickedness of
every kind, but specifically denoting an offense as committed against
God. Crime is strictly a violation of law either human or divine; but
in present usage the term is commonly applied to actions contrary to
the laws of the State. Vice is more distinctively that which springs
from the inordinate indulgence of the natural appetites, which are in
themselves innocent. Thus intemperance, unchastity, duplicity, etc.,
are vices; while murder, forgery, etc., which spring from the
indulgence of selfish passions, are crimes.

CRIMEFUL
Crime"ful (krm"fl), a.

Defn: Criminal; wicked; contrary to law, right, or dury. [Obs.] Shak.

CRIMELESS
Crime"less, a.

Defn: Free from crime; innocent. Shak.

CRIMINAL
Crim"i*nal (krm"-nal), a. Etym: [L. criminalis, fr. crimen: cf. F.
criminel. See Crime.]

1. Guilty of crime or sin.
The neglect of any of the relative duties renders us criminal in the
sight of God. Rogers.

2. Involving a crime; of the nature of a crime; -- said of an act or
of conduct; as, criminal carelessness.
Foppish and fantastic ornaments are only indications of vice, not
criminal in themselves. Addison.

3. Relating to crime; -- opposed to civil; as, the criminal code.
The officers and servants of the crown, violating the personal
liberty, or other right of the subject . . . were in some cases
liable to criminal process. Hallam.
Criminal action (Law), an action or suit instituted to secure
conviction and punishment for a crime.
 -- Criminal conversation (Law), unlawful intercourse with a married
woman; adultery; -- usually abbreviated, crim. con.
 -- Criminal law, the law which relates to crimes.

CRIMINAL
Crim"i*nal, n.

Defn: One who has commited a crime; especially, one who is found
guilty by verdict, confession, or proof; a malefactor; a felon.

CRIMINALIST
Crim"i*nal*ist, n.

Defn: One versed in criminal law. [R.]

CRIMINALITY
Crim`i*nal"i*ty (krm`-nl"-t), n. Etym: [LL. criminalitas, fr. L.
criminalis. See Criminal.]

Defn: The quality or state of being criminal; that which constitutes
a crime; guiltiness; guilt.
This is by no means the only criterion of criminality. Blackstone.

CRIMINALLY
Crim"i*nal*ly (krm"-nal-l), adv.

Defn: In violation of law; wickedly.

CRIMINALNESS
Crim"i*nal*ness, n.

Defn: Criminality. [R.]

CRIMINATE
Crim"i*nate (kr, v. t. [imp & p. p. Criminated (-n; p. pr. & vb. n.
Criminating (-n.] Etym: [L. criminatus, p. p. of criminare,
criminari, to criminate, fr. crimen. See Crime.]

1. To accuse of, or charge with, a crime.
To criminate, with the heavy and ungrounded charge of disloyalty and
disaffection, an uncorrupt, independent, and reforming parliament.
Burke.

2. To involve in a crime or in its consequences; to render liable to
a criminal charge.
Impelled by the strongest pressure of hope and fear to criminate him.
Macaulay.

CRIMINATION
Crim`i*na"tion (krm`-n"shn), n. Etym: [L. criminatio.]

Defn: The act of accusing; accusation; charge; complaint.
The criminations and recriminations of the adverse parties. Macaulay.

CRIMINATIVE
Crim"i*na*tive (krm"-n-tv), a.

Defn: Charging with crime; accusing; criminatory. R. North.

CRIMINATORY
Crim"i*na*to*ry (-t-r), a.

Defn: Relating to, or involving, crimination; accusing; as, a
criminatory conscience.

CRIMINOLOGY
Crim`i*nol"o*gy (-nl"-j), n. Etym: [L. crimen, crimenis, crime + -
logy.]

Defn: A treatise on crime or the criminal population.
 -- Crim`i*nol"o*gist (-j, n.

CRIMINOUS
Crim"i*nous (krm"-ns), a. Etym: [L. criminosus, fr. crimen. See
Crime.]

Defn: Criminal; involving great crime or grave charges; very wicked;
heinous. [Obs.] Holland.
 -- Crim"i*nous*ly, adv..
 -- Crim"i*nous*ness,n. [Obs.]

CRIMOSIN
Crim"o*sin (krm"-zn), n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Crimson.

CRIMP
Crimp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crimped (krmt; 215); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crimping.] Etym: [Akin to D. krimpen to shrink, shrivel, Sw. krympa,
Dan. krympe, and to E. cramp. See Cramp.]

1. To fold or plait in regular undulation in such a way that the
material will retain the shape intended; to give a wavy apperance to;
as, to crimp the border of a cap; to crimp a ruffle. Cf. Crisp.
The comely hostess in a crimped cap. W. Irving.

2. To pinch and hold; to seize.

3. Hence, to entrap into the military or naval service; as, to crimp
seamen.
Coaxing and courting with intent to crimp him. Carlyle.

4. (Cookery)

Defn: To cause to contract, or to render more crisp, as the flesh of
a fish, by gashing it, when living, with a knife; as, to crimp skate,
etc. Crimping house, a low lodging house, into which men are decoyed
and plied with drink, to induce them to ship or enlist as sailors or
soldiers.
 -- Crimping iron. (a) An iron instrument for crimping and curling
the hair. (b) A crimping machine.
 -- Crimping machine, a machine with fluted rollers or with dies, for
crimping ruffles leather, iron, etc.
 -- Crimping pin, an instrument for crimping or puckering the border
of a lady's cap.

CRIMP
Crimp, a.

1. Easily crumbled; friable; brittle. [R.]
Now the fowler . . . treads the crimp earth. J. Philips.

2. Weak; inconsistent; contradictory. [R.]
The evidance is crimp; the witnesses swear backward and forward, and
contradict themselves. Arbuthnot.

CRIMP
Crimp, n.

1. A coal broker. [Prov. Eng.] De Foe.

2. One who decoys or entraps men into the military or naval service.
Marryat.

3. A keeper of a low lodging house where sailors and emigrants are
entrapped and fleeced.

4. Hair which has been crimped; -- usually in pl.

5. A game at cards. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Boot crimp. See under Boot.

CRIMPAGE
Crimp"age (-j), n.

Defn: The act or practice of crimping; money paid to a crimp for
shipping or enlisting men.

CRIMPER
Crimp"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, crimps; as: (a) A curved board or frame
over which the upper of a boot or shoe is stretched to the required
shape. (b) A device for giving hair a wavy apperance. (c) A machine
for crimping or ruffling textile fabrics.

CRIMPLE
Crim"ple (krm"p'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crimpled (-p'ld); p. pr. &
vb. n. Crimpling (-plng).] Etym: [Dim. of crimp, v. t. ]

Defn: To cause to shrink or draw together; to contract; to curl. [R.]
Wiseman.

CRIMPY
Crimp"y (krmp"), a.

Defn: Having a crimped appearance; frizzly; as, the crimpy wool of
the Saxony sheep.

CRIMSON
Crim"son (krm"z'n), n. Etym: [OE. crimson, OF. crimoisin, F. cramoisi
(cf. Sp. carmesi.) LL. carmesinus, fr. Ar. qermazi, fr. qermez
crimson, kermes, fr. Skr. k produced by a worm; k worm or insect +
jan to generate; akin to E. kin. CF. Carmine, Kermes.]

Defn: A deep red color tinged with blue; also, red color in general.
Theugh jour be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though
they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool. Is. i. 18.
A maid jet rosed over with the virgin crimson of modesty. Shak.

CRIMSON
Crim"son, a.

Defn: Of a deep red color tinged with blue; deep red. "A crimson
tide." Mrs. Hemans.
The blushing poppy with a crimson hue. Prior.

CRIMSON
Crim"son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crimsoned (-z'nd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crimsoning.]

Defn: To dye with crimson or deep red; to redden.
Signed in thy spoil and crimsoned in thy lethe. Shak.

CRIMSON
Crim"son, b. t.

Defn: To become crimson; to blush.
Ancient towers . . . beginning to crimson with the radiant luster of
a cloudless July morning. De Quincey.

CRINAL
Cri"nal (kr"nal), a. Etym: [L. crinalis, fr. crinis the hair.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the hair. [R.] Blount.

CRINATED
Cri"na*ted (kr"n-td), a.

Defn: Having hair; hairy.

CRINATORY
Cri"na*to*ry (kr"n-t-r), a.

Defn: Crinitory. Craig.

CRINCUM
Crin"cum (krn"km), n. Etym: [Cf. Crinkle.]

Defn: A twist or bend; a turn; a whimsey. [Colloq.] Hudibras.

CRINCUM-CRANCUM
Crin"cum-cran"cum (krn"km-krn"km), n.

Defn: A twist; a whimsey or whim. [Colloq.]

CRINED
Crined (krnd), a. Etym: [L. crinis hair.] (Her.)

Defn: Having the hair of a different tincture from the rest of the
body; as, a charge crined of a red tincture.

CRINEL; CRINET
Cri"nel (kr"nEl), Cri"net (kr"nt), n. Etym: [L. crinis hair.]

Defn: A very fine, hairlike feather. Booth.

CRINGE
Cringe (krnj), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crnged (krnjd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cringing.] Etym: [As. crincgang, cringan, crincan, to jield, fall;
akin to E. crank.]

Defn: To draw one's self together as in fear or servility; to bend or
crouch with base humility; to wince; hence; to make court in a
degrading manner; to fawn.
When they were come up to the place where the lions were, the boys
that went before were glad to cringe behind, for they were afraid of
the lions. Bunyan.
Sly hypocrite, . . . who more than thou Once fawned and cringed, and
servilely adored Heaven's awful monarch Milton.
Flatterers . . . are always bowing and cringing. Arbuthnot.

CRINGE
Cringe, v. t.

Defn: To contract; to draw together; to cause to shrink or wrinkle;
to distort. [Obs.]
Till like a boy you see him cringe his face, And whine aloud for
mercy. Shak.

CRINGE
Cringe, n.

Defn: Servile civility; fawning; a shrinking or bowing, as in fear or
servility. "With cringe and shrug, and bow obsequious." Cowper.

CRINGELING
Cringe"ling, n.

Defn: One who cringes meanly; a fawner.

CRINGER
Crin"ger (krn"jr), n.

Defn: One who cringes.

CRINGINGLY
Crin"ging*ly, adv.

Defn: In a cringing manner.

CRINGLE
Crin"gle (krn"g'l), n. Etym: [Icel. kringla orb; akin to kring
around, and to D. kring circle, and to E. cringe, crank.]

1. A withe for fastening a gate.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: An iron or pope thimble or grommet worked into or attached to
the edges and corners of a sail; -- usually in the plural. The
cringles are used for making fast the bowline bridles, earings, etc.

CRINICULTURAL
Crin`i*cul"tur*al (krn`-kl"tr-al; 135), a. Etym: [L. crinis hair +
cultura.]

Defn: Relating to the growth of hair. [R.]

CRINIGEROUS
Cri*nig"er*ous (kr-nj"r-s), a. Etym: [L. criniger; crinis hair +
gerere to bear.]

Defn: Bearing hair; hairy. [R.]

CRINITAL
Cri"ni*tal (kr"n-tal), a.

Defn: Same as Crinite,

1.
He the star crinital adoreth. Stanyhurst.

CRINITE
Cri"nite (kr"nt), a. Etym: [L. crinitus, p. p. of crinire to provide
or cover with hair, fr. crinis hair.]

1. Having the appearance of a tuft of hair; having a hairlike tail or
train. "Comate, crinite, caudate stars."

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearded or tufted with hairs. Gray.

CRINITORY
Cri"ni*to*ry (kr"n-t-r), a.

Defn: Of or relating to hair; as, a crinitory covering. T. Hook.

CRINKLE
Crin"kle (krn"k'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crinkled (-k'ld); p. pr. &
vb. n. Crinkling (-klng).] Etym: [A dim., fr. the root of cringe;
akin to D. krinkelen to wind or twist. Cf. Cringle, Cringe.]

Defn: To form with short turns, bends, or wrinkles; to mold into
inequalites or sinuosities; to cause to wrinkle or curl.
The houscrinkled to and fro. Chaucer.
Her face all bowsy, Comely crinkled, Wondrously wrinkled. Skelton.
The flames through all the casements pushing forth, Like red-not
devils crinkled into snakes. Mrs. Browning.

CRINKLE
Crin"kle, v. i.

Defn: To turn or wind; ti run in and out in many short bends or
turns; to curl; to run in wavws; to wrinkle; also, to rustle, as
stiff cloth when moved.
The green wheat crinkles like a lake. L. T. Trowbridge.
And all the rooms Were full of crinkling silks. Mrs. Browning.

CRINKLE
Crin"kle, n.

Defn: A winding or turn; wrinkle; sinuosity.
The crinkles in this glass, making objects appear double. A. Tucker.

CRINKLED
Crin"kled (krn"k'ld), a.

Defn: Having short bends, turns, or wrinkles; wrinkled; wavy; zigzag.
"The crinkled lightning." Lowell.

CRINKLY
Crin"kly (-kl), a.

Defn: Having crinkles; wavy; wrinkly.

CRINOID
Cri"noid (kr"noid), a. [See Crinoidea.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Crinoidal.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Crinoidea.

CRINOIDAL
Cri*noid"al (kr-noidal), a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of pertaining to crinoids; consisting of, or containing,
crinoids.

CRINOIDEA
Cri*noid"e*a (kr-noid"-), n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -oid: cf. F.
crino.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large class of Echinodermata, including numerous extinct
families and genera, but comparatively few living ones. Most of the
fossil species, like some that are recent, were attached by a jointed
stem. See Blastoidea, Cystoidea, Comatula.

CRINOIDEAN
Cri*noid"e*an (-an), n. (Zoöl)

Defn: One of the Crinoidea.

CRINOLINE
Crin"o*line (krn"-ln), n. Etym: [F., fr. crin hair,L. crinis.]

1. A kind of stiff cloth, used chiefly by women, for underskirts, to
expand the gown worn over it; -- so called because originally made of
hair.

2. A lady's skirt made of any stiff material; latterly, a hoop skirt.

CRINOSE
Cri*nose" (kr-ns"), a. Etym: [L. crinis hair.]

Defn: Hairy. [R.]

CRINOSITY
Cri*nos"i*ty (kr-ns"-t), n.

Defn: Hairiness. [R.]

CRINUM
Cri"num (kr"nm), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of bulbous plants, of the order Amaryllidace,
cultivated as greenhouse plants on account of their beauty.

CRIOSPHINX
Cri"o*sphinx` (kr"-sfnks`), n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A sphinx with the head of a ram.

CRIPPLE
Crip"ple (krp"p'l), n. Etym: [OE. cripel, crepel, crupel, AS. crypel
(akin to D. kreuple, G. kr, Dan. kr, Icel. kryppill), prop., one that
can not walk, but must creep, fr. AS. cre to creep. See Creep.]

Defn: One who creeps, halts, or limps; one who has lost, or never
had, the use of a limb or limbs; a lame person; hence, one who is
partially disabled.
I am a cripple in my limbs; but what decays are in my mind, the
reader must determine. Dryden.

CRIPPLE
Crip"ple (krp"p'l), a.

Defn: Lame; halting. [R.] "The cripple, tardy-gaited night." Shak.

CRIPPLE
Crip"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crippled (-p'ld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crippling (-plng).]

1. To deprive of the use of a limb, particularly of a leg or foot; to
lame.
He had crippled the joints of the noble child. Sir W. Scott.

2. To deprive of strength, activity, or capability for service or
use; to disable; to deprive of resources; as, to be financially
crippled.
More serious embarrassments . . . were crippling the energy of the
settlement in the Bay. Palfrey.
An incumbrance which would permanently cripple the body politic.
Macaulay.

CRIPPLED
Crip"pled (krp"p'ld), a.

Defn: Lamed; lame; disabled; impeded. "The crippled crone."
Longfellow.

CRIPPLENESS
Crip"ple*ness, n.

Defn: Lameness. [R.] Johnson.

CRIPPLER
Crip"pler (-plr), n.

Defn: A wooden tool used in graining leather. Knight.

CRIPPLING
Crip"pling (-plng), n.

Defn: Spars or timbers set up as a support against the side of a
building.

CRIPPLY
Crip"ply (-pl), a.

Defn: Lame; disabled; in a crippled condition. [R.] Mrs. Trollope.

CRISIS
Cri"sis (kr"ss), n.; pl. Crises (-s. Etym: [L. crisis, Gr. Certain.]

1. The point of time when it is to be decided whether any affair or
course of action must go on, or be modified or terminate; the
decisive moment; the turning point.
This hour's the very crisis of your fate. Dryden.
The very times of crisis for the fate of the country. Brougham.

2. (Med.)

Defn: That change in a disease which indicates whether the result is
to be recovery or death; sometimes, also, a striking change of
symptoms attended by an outward manifestation, as by an eruption or
sweat.
Till some safe crisis authorize their skill. Dryden.

CRISP
Crisp (krsp), a. Etym: [AS. crisp, fr. L. crispus; cf. carpere to
pluck, card (wool), and E. harvest. Cf. Crape.]

1. Curling in stiff curls or ringlets; as, crisp hair.

2. Curled with the ripple of the water. [Poetic]
You numphs called Naiads, of the winding brooks . . . Leave jour
crisp channels. Shak.

3. Brittle; friable; in a condition to break with a short, sharp
fracture; as, crisp snow.
The cakes at tea ate short and crisp. Goldsmith.

4. Possessing a certain degree of firmness and freshness; in a fresh,
unwilted condition.
It [laurel] has been plucked nine months, and yet looks as hale and
crisp as if it would last ninety years. Leigh Hunt.

5. Lively; sparking; effervescing.
Your neat crisp claret. Beau & Fl.

6. Brisk; crackling; cheerful; lively.
The snug, small room, and the crisp fire. Dickens.

CRISP
Crisp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crisped (krspt); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crisping.] Etym: [L. crispare, fr. crispus. See Crisp. a. ]

1. To curl; to form into ringlets, as hair, or the nap of cloth; to
interweave, as the branches of trees.

2. To cause to undulate irregularly, as crape or water; to wrinkle;
to cause to ripple. Cf. Crimp.
The lover with the myrtle sprays Adorns his crisped tresses. Drayton.
Along the crisped shades and bowers. Milton.
The crisped brooks, Rolling on orient pearl and sands of gold.
Milton.

3. To make crisp or brittle, as in cooking. Crisping iron, an
instrument by which hair or any textile fabric is crisped.
 -- Crisping pin, the simplest form of crisping iron. Is. iii. 22.

CRISP
Crisp, v. i.

Defn: To undulate or ripple. Cf. Crisp, v. t.
To watch the crisping ripples on the beach. Tennuson.

CRISP
Crisp, n.

Defn: That which is crisp or brittle; the state of being crisp or
brittle; as, burned to a crisp; specifically, the rind of roasted
pork; crackling.

CRISPATE; CRISPATED
Cris"pate (krs"pt), Cris"pa*ted (-p-td), a. Etym: [L. crispatus, p.
p. of crispare.]

Defn: Having a crisped appearance; irregularly curled or twisted.

CRISPATION
Cris*pa"tion (krs-p"shn), n. Etym: [CF. F. crispation.]

1. The act or process of curling, or the state of being curled.
Bacon.

2. A very slight convulsive or spasmodic contraction of certain
muscles, external or internal.
Few men can look down from a great height without creepings and
crispations. O. W. Holmes.

CRISPATURE
Cris"pa*ture (krs"p-tr; 135), n.

Defn: The state of being crispate.

CRISPER
Crisp"er (krs"pr), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, crisps or curls; an instrument for
making little curls in the nap of cloth, as in chinchilla.

CRISPIN
Cris"pin (krs"pn), n.

1. A shoemaker; -- jocularly so called from the patron sant of the
craft.

2. A member of a union or association of shoemakers.

CRISPLY
Crisp"ly (krsp"l), adv.

Defn: In a crisp manner.

CRISPNESS
Crisp"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being crisp.

CRISPY
Crisp"y (-), a.

1. Formed into short, close ringlets; frizzed; crisp; as, crispy
locks.

2. Crisp; brittle; as. a crispy pie crust.

CRISSAL
Cris"sal (krs"sal), a. (Zoöl.)

1. Pertaining to the crissum; as, crissal feathers.

2. Having highly colored under tail coverts; as, the crissal
thrasher.

CRISSCROSS
Criss"cross` (krs"krs`; 115), n. Etym: [A corruption of Christcross.]

1. A mark or cross, as the signature of a person who is unable to
write.

2. A child's game played on paper or on a slate, consisting of lines
arranged in the form of a cross.

CRISSCROSS
Criss"cross`, v. t.

Defn: To mark or cover with cross lines; as, a paper was crisscrossed
with red marks.

CRISSCROSS
Criss"cross` (krs"krs`;115), adv.

1. In opposite directions; in a way to cross something else; crossing
one another at various angles and in various ways.
Logs and tree luing crisscross in utter confusion. W. E. Boardman.

2. With opposition or hindrance; at cross purposes; contrarily; as,
things go crisscross.

CRISSCROSS-ROW
Criss"cross-row` (-r`), n.

Defn: See Christcross-row.

CRISSUM
Cris"sum (krs"sm),, n.; pl. Crissa (-s. Etym: [NL.; cf. L. crisso to
move the haunches.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: That part of a bird, or the feathers, surrounding the cloacal
opening; the under tail coverts.

CRISTATE
Cris"tate (krs"tt), a. Etym: [L. ctistatus, fr. crista crest.] (Bot.
& Zoöl.)

Defn: Crested.

CRITERION
Cri*te"ri*on (kr-t"r-n), n.; pl. Criteria (-Criterions (-. Etym: [Gr.
Certain.]

Defn: A standard of judging; any approved or established rule or
test, by which facts, principles opinions, and conduct are tried in
forming a correct judgment respecting them.
Of the diseases of the mind there is no criterion. Donne.
Inferences founded on such enduring criteria. Sir G. C. Lewis.

Syn.
 -- Standard; measure; rule.

CRITH
Crith (krth), n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: The unit for estimating the weight of a

CRITHOMANCY
Crith"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. crithomancie.]

Defn: A kind of divination by means of the dough of the cakes offered
in the ancient sacrifices, and the meal strewed over the victims.

CRITIC
Crit"ic (krt"k), n. Etym: [L. criticus, Gr. able to discuss, from
Certain, and cf. Critique.]

1. One skilled in judging of the merits of literary or artistic
works; a connoisseur; an adept; hence, one who examines literary or
artistic works, etc., and passes judgment upon them; a reviewer.
The opininon of the most skillful critics was, that nothing finer
[than Goldsmith's "Traveler"] had appeared in verse since the fourth
book of the "Dunciad." Macaulay.

2. One who passes a rigorous or captious judgment; one who censures
or finds fault; a harsh examiner or judge; a caviler; a carper.
When an author has many beauties consistent with virtue, piety, and
truth, let not little critics exalt themselves, and shower down their
ill nature. I. Watts.
You know who the critics are the men who have failed in literature
and art. Beaconsfield.

3. The art of criticism. [Obs.] Locke.

4. An act of criticism; a critique. [Obs.]
And make each day a critic on the last. Pope.

CRITIC
Crit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to critics or criticism; critical. [Obs.]
"Critic learning." Pope.

CRITIC
Crit"ic, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. critiquer.]

Defn: To criticise; to play the critic. [Obs.]
Nay, if you begin to critic once, we shall never have done. A.
Brewer.

CRITICAL
Crit"ic*al (krt"-kal), a. Etym: [See Critic, n., Crisis.]

1. Qualified to criticise, or pass judgment upon, literary or
artistic productions.
It is submitted to the judgment of more critical ears to direct and
determine what is graceful and what is not. Holder.

2. Pertaining to criticism or the critic's art; of the nature of a
criticism; accurate; as, critical knowledge; a critical dissertation.

3. Inclined to make nice distinctions, or to exercise careful
judgment and selection; exact; nicely judicious.
Virgil was so critical in the rites of religion. that he would never
have brought in such prayers as these, if they had not been agreeable
to the Roman customs. Bp. Stillingfleet.

4. Inclined to criticise or find fault; fastidious; captious;
censorious; exacting.
O gentle lady, do not put me to 't, For I am nothing, if not
critical. Shak.

5. Characterized by thoroughness and a reference to principles, as
becomes a critic; as, a critical analysis of a subject.

6. Etym: [See Crisis.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or indicating, a crisis, turning point, or
specially important juncture; important as regards consequences;
hence, of doubtful issue; attended with risk; dangerous; as, the
critical stage of a fever; a critical situation.
Our circumstances are indeed critical. Burke.
The small moment, the exact point, the critical minute, on which
every good work so much depends. South.
Critical angle (Optics), that angle of incidence of a luminous ray at
which it is wholly reflected, and no portion of it transmitted. The
sine of this angle is the reciprocal of the refractive index of the
medium.
 -- Critical philosophy, the metaphysical system of Kant; -- so
called from his most important work, the "Critique of Pure Reason." -
- Critical point (Physics), a certain temperature, different for
different gases, but always the same for each gas, regarded as the
limit above which no amount of pressure can produce condensation to a
liquid.

CRITICALLY
Crit"ic*al*ly, adv.

1. In a critical manner; with nice discernment; accurately; exactly.
Critically to discern good writers from bad. Dryden.

2. At a crisis; at a critical time; in a situation. place, or
condition of decisive consequence; as, a fortification critically
situated.
Coming critically the night before the session. Bp. Burnet.

CRITICALNESS
Crit"ic*al*ness, n.

1. The state or quality of being critical, or of occurring at a
critical time.

2. Accuracy in examination or decision; exactness.

CRITICASTER
Crit"ic*as`ter (krt"k-s`tr), n.

Defn: A contemptible or vicious critic.
The rancorous and reptile crew of poeticules, who decompose into
criticasters. Swinburne.

CRITICISABLE
Crit"i*cis`a*ble (krt"-sz`-b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being criticised.

CRITICISE
Crit"i*cise (krt"-sz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Criticised (-szd); p. pr.
& vb. n. Criticising.] Etym: [Written also, more analogically, but
less commonly, criticize.] Etym: [Cf. G. kritisiren. See Critic.]

1. To examine and judge as a critic; to pass literary or artistic
judgment upon; as, to criticise an author; to criticise a picture.

2. To express one's views as to the merit or demerit of; esp., to
animadvert upon; to find fault with; as, to criticise conduct.
Blackwood's Mag.

CRITICISE
Crit"i*cise, v. i.

1. To act as a critic; to pass literary or artistic judgment; to play
the critic; -- formerly used with on or upon.
Several of these ladies, indeed, criticised upon the form of the
association. Addison.

2. To discuss the merits or demerits of a thing or person; esp., to
find fault.
Cavil you may, but never criticise. Pope.

CRITICISER
Crit"i*ci`ser (-s`zr), n.

Defn: One who criticises; a critic.

CRITICISM
Crit"i*cism (krt"-sz'm), n.

1. The rules and principles which regulate the practice of the
critic; the art of judging with knowledge and propriety of the
beauties and faults of a literary performance, or of a production in
the fine arts; as, dramatic criticism.
The elements ofcriticism depend on the two principles of Beauty and
Truth, one of which is the final end or object of study in every one
of its pursuits: Beauty, in letters and the arts; Truth, in history
and sciences. Brande & C.
By criticism, as it was first instituted by Aristotle, was meant a
standard of judging well. Dryden.

2. The act of criticising; a critical judgment passed or expressed; a
critical observation or detailed examination and review; a critique;
animadversion; censure.
About the plan of "Rasselas" little was said by the critics; and yet
the faults of the plan might seem to invite severe criticism.
Macaulay.

CRITIQUE
Cri*tique" (kr-tk"), n. Etym: [F. critique, f., fr. Gr. Critic.]

1. The art of criticism. [Written also critic.] [R.]

2. A critical examination or estimate of a work of literature or art;
a critical dissertation or essay; a careful and through analysis of
any subject; a criticism; as, Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason."
I should as soon expect to see a critique on the poesy of a ring as
on the inscription of a medal. Addison.

3. A critic; one who criticises. [Obs.]
A question among critiques in the ages to come. Bp. Lincoln.

CRITIQUE
Cri*tique", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Critic, v.]

Defn: To criticise or pass judgment upon. [Obs.] Pope.

CRIZZEL
Criz"zel (krz"z'l), n. Etym: [Cf. grizzle darkish gray, or G.
griselig gravelly, granular, speckled.]

Defn: A kind of roughness on the surface of glass, which clouds its
transparency. [Written also crizzeling and crizzle.]

CROAK
Croak (krk), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Croaked. (krp. pr. & vb. n.
Croaking.] Etym: [From the primitive of AS. cracettan to croak as a
raven; akin to G. kr to croak, and to E. creak, crake.]

1. To make a low, hoarse noise in the throat, as a frog, a raven, or
a crow; hence, to make any hoarse, dismal sound.
Loud thunder to its bottom shook the bog, And the hoarse nation
croaked. Pope.

2. To complain; especially, to grumble; to forebode evil; to utter
complaints or forebodings habitually.
Marat . . . croaks with reasonableness. Carlyle.

CROAK
Croak, v. t.

Defn: To utter in a low, hoarse voice; to announce by croaking; to
forebode; as, to croak disaster.
The raven himself is hoarse, That croaks the fatal entrance of
Duncan. Shak.
Two ravens now began to croak Their nuptial song. Wordsworth.

CROAK
Croak, n.

Defn: The coarse, harsh sound uttered by a frog or a raven, or a like
sound.

CROAKER
Croak"er (-r), n.

1. One who croaks, murmurs, grumbles, or complains unreasonably; one
who habitually forebodes evil.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A small American fish (Micropogon undulatus), of the Atlantic
coast.
(a) An American fresh-water fish (Aplodinotus grunniens); -- called
also drum.
(c) The surf fish of California.

Note: When caught these fishes make a croaking sound; whence the
name, which is often corrupted into crocus.

CROAT
Cro"at (kr"t), n. Etym: [Cf. Cravat.]

1. A native of Croatia, in Austria; esp., one of the native Slavic
race.

2. An irregular soldier, generally from Croatia.

CROATIAN
Cro*a"tian (kr-"shan), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Croatia.
 -- n.

Defn: A Croat.

CROCEIN
Cro"ce*in (kr"s-n), n. Etym: [See Croceous.] (Chem.)

Defn: A name given to any one of several yellow or scarlet dyestuffs
of artificial production and complex structure. In general they are
diazo and sulphonic acid derivatives of benzene and naphthol.

CROCEOUS
Cro"ceous (kr"shs), a. Etym: [L. croceus, fr. crocus saffron. See
Crocus.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, saffron; deep reddish yellow. [R.]

CROCETIN
Cro"ce*tin (kr"s-tn), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A dyestuff, obtained from the Chinese croicin, which produces a
brilliant yellow.

CROCHE
Croche (krch), n. Etym: [OF. croche, equiv. to F. crochet, croc,
hook. See Crotchet, Crook.]

Defn: A little bud or knob at the top of a deer's antler.

CROCHET
Cro*chet" (kr-sh"), n. Etym: [F. crochet small hook. See Croche.]

Defn: A kind of knitting done by means of a hooked needle, with
worsted, silk, or cotton; crochet work. Commonly used adjectively.
Crochet hook, Crochet needle, a small hook, or a hooked needle (often
of bone), used in crochet work.

CROCHET
Cro*chet", v. t. & i. [imp. & p.p. Crocheted (shd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crocheting (-sh"ng).]

Defn: To knit with a crochet needle or hook; as, to rochett a shawl.

CROCIARY
Cro"ci*a*ry (kr"sh--r), n. Etym: [See Crosier.] (Eccl.)

Defn: One who carries the cross before an archbishop. [Obs.]

CROCIDOLITE
Cro*cid"o*lite (kr-sd"-lt), n. Etym: [Gr. kroky`s nap on cloth + -
lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occuring in silky fibers of a lavender blue color. It
is related to hornblende and is essentially a silicate of iron and
soda; -- called also blue asbestus. A silicified form, in which the
fibers penetrating quartz are changed to oxide of iron, is the yellow
brown tiger-eye of the jewelers.

CROCIN
Cro"cin (kr"sn), n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)
(a) The coloring matter of Chinese yellow pods, the fruit of Gardenia
grandiflora. Watts.
(b) A red powder (called also polychroite), which is made from the
saffron (Crocus sativus). See Polychroite.

CROCK
Crock (krk), n. Etym: [Cf. W. croeg cover, Scot. crochit covered.]

Defn: The loose black particles collected from combustion, as on pots
and kettles, or in a chimney; soot; smut; also, coloring matter which
rubs off from cloth.

CROCK
Crock, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Crocked (krkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Crocking.]

Defn: To soil by contact, as with soot, or with the coloring matter
of badly dyed cloth.

CROCK
Crock, v. i.

Defn: To give off crock or smut.

CROCK
Crock, n.

Defn: A low stool. "I . . . seated her upon a little crock." Tatler.

CROCK
Crock (krk), n. Etym: [AS. croc, croca, crog, croh; akin to D. kruik,
G. krug, Icel. krukka, Dan. krukke, Sw. kruka; but cf. W. crwc
bucket, pail, crochan pot, cregen earthen vessel, jar. Cf. Cruet.]

Defn: Any piece of crockery, especially of coarse earthenware; an
earthen pot or pitcher.
Like foolish flies about an honey crock. Spenser.

CROCK
Crock, v. t.

Defn: To lay up in a crock; as, to crock butter. Halliwell.

CROCKER
Crock"er (-r), n.

Defn: A potter. [Obs.] Wyclif.

CROCKERY
Crock"er*y ( krk"r-), n. Etym: [From Crock an earthen vessel.]

Defn: Earthenware; vessels formed of baked clay, especially the
coarser kinds.

CROCKET
Crock"et (krk"t), n. Etym: [OF. croquet, F. crochet, dim. of croc
hook. See Crook, and cf. Crotchet.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornament often resembling curved and bent foliage,
projecting from the sloping edge of a gable, spire, etc.

2. A croche, or knob, on the top of a stag's antler.
The antlers and the crockets. W. Black.

CROCKETED
Crock"et*ed, a. (Arch.)

Defn: Ornamented with crockets.

CROCKETING
Crock"et*ing, n. (Arch.)

Defn: Ornamentation with crockets. Ruskin.

CROCKY
Crock"y (-), a. Etym: [From Crock soot.]

Defn: Smutty.

CROCODILE
Croc"o*dile (krk"-dl; 277), n. Etym: [L. crocodilus, Gr. crocodile.
Cf. Cookatrice.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large reptile of the genus Crocodilus, of several species.
They grow to the length of sixteen or eighteen feet, and inhabit the
large rivers of Africa, Asia, and America. The eggs, laid in the
sand, are hatched by the sun's heat. The best known species is that
of the Nile (C. vulgaris, or C. Niloticus). The Florida crocodile (C.
Americanus) is much less common than the alligator and has longer
jaws. The name is also sometimes applied to the species of other
related genera, as the gavial and the alligator.

2. (Logic)

Defn: A fallacious dilemma, mythically supposed to have been first
used by a crocodile. Crocodile bird (Zoöl.), an African plover
(Pluvianus ægypticus) which alights upon the crocodile and devours
its insect parasites, even entering its open mouth (according to
reliable writers) in pursuit of files, etc.; -- called also Nile
bird. It is the trochilos of ancient writers.
 -- Crocodile tears, false or affected tears; hypocritical sorrow; --
derived from the fiction of old travelers, that crocodiles shed tears
over their prey.

CROCODILIA
Croc`o*dil"i*a (-dl"-), n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. crocodilus
crocodile.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of reptiles including the crocodiles, gavials,
alligators, and many extinct kinds.

CROCODILIAN
Croc`o*dil"i*an (krk`-dl"-an), a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the crocodile; characteristic of the
crocodile.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Crocodilia.

CROCODILITY
Croc`o*dil"i*ty (--t), n. (Logic)

Defn: A caption or sophistical mode of arguing. [R.]

CROCOISITE
Cro"cois*ite (kr"kois-t), n. Etym: [Cf. F. croco.] (Min.)

Defn: Same as Crocoite.

CROCOITE
Cro"co*ite (kr"k-t), n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Lead chromate occuring in crystals of a bright hyacinth red
color; -- called also red lead ore.

CROCONATE
Cro"con*ate (kr"kn-t), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt formed by the union of croconic acid with a base.

CROCONIC
Cro*con"ic (kr-kn"k), a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Of, pertaining to, or resembling saffron; having the color of
saffron; as, croconic acid.

2. Pertaining to, or derived from, croconic acid.

Croconic acid (Chem.), a yellow crystalline substance, C5O3(OH)2,
obtained from potassium carboxide, rhodizonic acid, and various
phenol and quinone derivatives of benzene, and forming yellow or
orange colored salts.

CROCOSE
Cro"cose (kr"ks), n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline sugar, metameric with glucose, obtained
from the coloring matter of saffron. [Written also crokose.]

CROCUS
Cro"cus (kr"ks), n. Etym: [L., saffron, fr. Gr. kark, Ar. kurkum,
Skr. ku.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of iridaceous plants, with pretty blossoms rising
separately from the bulb or corm. C. vernus is one of the earliest of
spring-blooming flowers; C. sativus produces the saffron, and
blossoms in the autumn.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A deep yellow powder; the oxide of some metal calcined to a red
or deep yellow color; esp., the oxide of iron (Crocus of Mars or
colcothar) thus produced from salts of irron, and used as a polishing
powder. Crocus of Venus (Old Chem.), oxide of copper.

CROESUS
Croe"sus (kr"ss), n. Etym: [L., fr. G.

Defn: A king of Lydia who flourished in the 6th century b. c., and
was renowned for his vast wealth; hence, a common appellation for a
very rich man; as, he is veritable Croesus.

CROFT
Croft (krft; 115), n. Etym: [AS. croft; akin to D. kroft hillock; cf.
Gael. croit hump, croft.]

Defn: A small, inclosed field, adjoining a house; a small farm.
A few small crofts of stone-encumbered ground. Wordsworth.

CROFTER
Croft"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who rents and tills a small farm or helding; as, the
crofters of Scotland.

CROFTING
Croft"ing, n.

1. Croftland. [Scot.] Jamieson.

2. (Textile Manuf.)

Defn: Exposing linen to the sun, on the grass, in the process of
bleaching.

CROFTLAND
Croft"land (-lnd), n.

Defn: Land of superior quality, on which successive crops are raised.
[Scot.] Jamieson.

CROFTON SYSTEM
Crof"ton sys"tem. [After Sir Walter Crofton, Irish penologist.]
(Penology)

Defn: A system of prison discipline employing for consecutive periods
cellular confinement, associated imprisonment under the mark system,
restraint intermediate between imprisonment and freedom, and
liberation on ticket of leave.

CROIS
Crois (krois). n. Etym: [OF.]

Defn: See Cross, n. [Obs.]

CROISADE; CROISADO
Croi*sade" (kroi-sd"), Croi*sa"do (-s"d), n. Etym: [F. criosade. See
Crusade.]

Defn: A holy war; a crusade. [Obs.] Bacon.

CROISE
Croise (krois), n. Etym: [F. crois crusader, fr. OF. crois, F. croix,
cross. See Cross.]

1. A pilgrim bearing or wearing a cross. [Obs.]

2. A crusader. [Obs.]
The conquesta of the croises extending over Palestine. Burke.

CROISSANTE
Crois`san`te" (krw`sn`t"), a. Etym: [F. croissant, adj. & n.,
crescent.] (Her.)

Defn: Terminated with crescent; -- said of a cross the ends of which
are so terminated.

CROKER
Cro"ker (kr"kr), n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A cultivator of saffron; a dealer in saffron. [Obs.] Holinshed.

CROMA
Cro"ma (kr"m), n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A quaver. [Obs.]

CROMLECH
Crom"lech (krm"l*k), n. Etym: [W. cromlech; crom bending or bent,
concave + llech a flat stone; akin to Ir. cromleac.] (Arch

Defn: A monument of rough stones composed of one or more large ones
supported in a horizontal position upon others. They are found
chiefly in countris inhabited by the ancient Celts, and are of a
period anterior to the introduction of Christianity into these
countries.

CROMORNA
Cro*mor"na (kr-mr"n), n. Etym: [F. cromorne (cf. It. cromorno0, fr.
G. krummhorn crooked horn, cornet, an organ pipe turned like a
trumpet; krumm crooked + horn horn.] (Mus.)

Defn: A certain reed stop in the organ, of a quality of tone
resembling that of the oboe. [Corruptly written cromona.]

CRONE
Crone (krn), n. Etym: [OD. kronie, karonie, an old sheep, OF.
carogne, F. charogne, carrion (also F. carogne illnatured woman.).
See Carrion, and Crony.]

1. An old ewe. [Obs.] Tusser.

2. An old woman; -- usually in contempt.
But still the crone was constant to her note. Dryden.

3. An old man; especially, a man who talks and acts like an old
woman. [R.]
The old crone [a negro man] lived in a hovel, . . . which his master
had given him. W. Irving.
A few old battered crones of office. Beaconsfield.

CRONEL
Cro"nel (kr"nl), n. Etym: [Cf. Coronel spearhead, Crown.]

Defn: The iron head of a tilting spear.

CRONET
Cro"net (kr"nt), n. Etym: [Cf. Coronet, Crownet.]

Defn: The coronet of a horse.

CRONIAN
Cro"ni*an (kr"n-an), a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Saturnian; -- applied to the North Polar Sea. [R.] Milton.

CRONSTEDTITE
Cron"stedt*ite (krn"stt-t), n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral consisting principally of silicate of iron, and
crystallizing in hexagonal prisms with perfect basal cleavage; -- so
named from the Swedish mineralogist Cronstedt.

CRONY
Cro"ny (kr"n), n.; pl. Cronies (-n. Etym: [Orig., an old woman. See
Crone.]

1. A crone. [Obs.] "Marry not an old crony." Burton.

2. An intimate companion; a familiar frend. [Colloq.]
He soon found his former cronies, though all rather the worse for the
wear and tear of time. W. Irving.

CROODLE
Croo"dle (kr"d'l), v. i. Etym: [Cf. Cruddle, Crudle.]

1. To cower or cuddle together, as from fear or cold; to lie close
and snug together, as pigs in straw. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Forby.
A dove to fly home her nest and croodle there. C. Kingsley.

2. To fawn or coax. [Obs.]

3. To coo. [Scot.]

CROOK
Crook (krk), n. Etym: [OE. crok; akin to Icel. kr hook,bend, SW.
krok, Dan. krog, OD. krooke; or cf. Gael. crecan crook, hook, W.
crwca crooked. Cf. Crosier, Crotchet, Crutch, Encroach.]

1. A bend, turn, or curve; curvature; flexure.
Through lanes, and crooks, and darkness. Phaer.

2. Any implement having a bent or crooked end. Especially: (a) The
staff used by a shepherd, the hook of which serves to hold a runaway
sheep. (b) A bishop's staff of office. Cf. Pastoral stafu.
He left his crook, he left his flocks. Prior.

3. A pothook. "As black as the crook." Sir W. Scott.

4. An artifice; trick; tricky device; subterfuge.
For all yuor brags, hooks, and crooks. Cranmer.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: A small tube, usually curved, applied to a trumpet, horn, etc.,
to change its pitch or key.

6. A person given to fraudulent practices; an accomplice of thieves,
forgers, etc. [Cant, U.S.] By hook or by crook, in some way or other;
by fair means or foul.

CROOK
Crook (krk), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crooked (krkt); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crooking.] Etym: [OE. croken; cf. Sw. kr, Dan. kr. See Crook, n.]

1. To turn from a straight line; to bend; to curve.
Crook the pregnant hinges of the knee. Shak.

2. To turn from the path of rectitude; to pervert; to misapply; to
twist. [Archaic]
There is no one thing that crooks youth more than such unlawfull
games. Ascham.
What soever affairs pass such a man's hands, he crooketh them to his
own ends. Bacon.

CROOK
Crook, v. i.

Defn: To bend; to curve; to wind; to have a curvature. " The port . .
. crooketh like a bow." Phaer.
Their shoes and pattens are snouted, and piked more than a finger
long, crooking upwards. Camden.

CROOKBACK
Crook"back` (krk"bk), n.

Defn: A crooked back; one who has a crooked or deformed back; a
hunchback.

CROOKBACK
Crook"back`, a.

Defn: Hunched. Shak. `

CROOKBILL
Crook"bill` ( -bl`), n. (Zoöl)

Defn: A New Zealand plover (Anarhynchus frontalis), remarkable for
having the end of the beak abruptly bent to the right.

CROOKED
Crook"ed (krk"d), a.

1. Characterized by a crook or curve; not straight; turning; bent;
twisted; deformed. "Crooked paths." Locke.
he is deformed, crooked, old, and sere. Shak.

2. Not straightforward; deviating from rectitude; distorted from the
right.
They are a perverse and crooked generation. Deut. xxxii. 5.

3. False; dishonest; fraudulent; as, crooked dealings. Crooked
whisky, whisky on wich the paiment of duty has been fraudulently
evaded. [Slang, U.S.] Barlett.

CROOKEDLY
Crook"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a curved or crooked manner; in a perverse or untoward
manner.

CROOKEDNESS
Crook"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being crooked; hence, deformity of
body or of mind; deviation from moral rectitude; perverseness.

CROOKEN
Crook"en (krk"'n), v. t.

Defn: To make crooked. [Obs.]

CROOKES SPACE
Crookes space (krooks). [After Sir William Crookes, English chemist,
who first described it.] (Physics)

Defn: The dark space within the negative-pole glow at the cathode of
a vacuum tube, observed only when the pressure is low enough to give
a striated discharge; -- called also Crookes layer.

CROOKES TUBE
Crookes" tube` (krks" tb`). (Phys.)

Defn: A vacuum tube in which the exhaustion is carried to a very high
degree, with the production of a distinct class of effects; -- so
called from W. Crookes who introduced it.

CROOKNECK
Crook"neck`, n.

Defn: Either of two varieties of squash, distinguished by their
tapering, recurved necks. The summer crookneck is botanically a
variety of the pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) and matures early in the
season. It is pale yellow in color, with warty excrescences. The
winter crookneck belongs to a distinct species (C. moschata) and is
smooth and often striped. [U. S.]

CROON
Croon (krn), v. i. Etym: [OE. croinen, cf. D. kreunen to moan.

1. To make a continuous hollow moan, as cattle do when in pain.
[Scot.] Jamieson.

2. To hum or sing in a low tone; to murmur softly.
Here an old grandmother was crooning over a sick child, and rocking
it to and fro. Dickens.

CROON
Croon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crooned (krnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Crooning.]

1. To sing in a low tone, as if to one's self; to hum.
Hearing such stanzas crooned in her praise. C. Bront

2. To soothe by singing softly.
The fragment of the childish hymn with which he sung and crooned
himself asleep. Dickens.

CROON
Croon, n.

1. A low, continued moan; a murmur.

2. A low singing; a plain, artless melody.

CROP
Crop (krp), n. Etym: [OE. crop, croppe, craw, top of a plant,
harvest, AS. crop, cropp, craw, top, bunch, ear of corn; akin to D.
krop craw, G. kropf, Icel. kroppr hump or bunch on the body, body;
but cf. also W. cropa, croppa, crop or craw of a bird, Ir. & Gael.
sgroban. Cf. Croup, Crupper, Croup.]

1. The pouchlike enlargement of the gullet of birds, serving as a
receptacle for food; the craw.

2. The top, end, or highest part of anything, especially of a plant
or tree. [Obs.] "Crop and root." Chaucer.

3. That which is cropped, cut, or gathered from a single felld, or of
a single kind of grain or fruit, or in a single season; especially,
the product of what is planted in the earth; fruit; harvest.
Lab'ring the soil, and reaping plenteous crop, Corn, wine, and oil.
Milton.

4. Grain or other product of the field while standing.

5. Anything cut off or gathered.
Guiltless of steel, and from the razor free, It falls a plenteous
crop reserved for thee. Dryden.

6. Hair cut close or short, or the act or style of so cutting; as, a
convict's crop.

7. (Arch.)

Defn: A projecting ornament in carved stone. Specifically, a finial.
[Obs.]

8. (Mining.)
(a) Tin ore prepared for smelting.
(b) Outcrop of a vein or seam at the surface. Knight.

9. A riding whip with a loop instead of a lash. Neck and crop,
altogether; roughly and at once. [Colloq.]

CROP
Crop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cropped (krpt); p. pr. & vb. n. Cropping.]

1. To cut off the tops or tips of; to bite or pull off; to browse; to
pluck; to mow; to reap.
I will crop off from the top of his young twigs a tender one. Ezek.
xvii. 22.

2. Fig.: To cut off, as if in harvest.
Death . . . .crops the growing boys. Creech.

3. To cause to bear a crop; as, to crop a field.

CROP
Crop, v. i.

Defn: To yield harvest. To crop out. (a) (Geol.) To appear above the
surface, as a seam or vein, or inclined bed, as of coal. (b) To come
to light; to be manifest; to appear; as, the peculiarities of an
author crop out.
 -- To crop up, to sprout; to spring up. "Cares crop up in villas."
Beaconsfield.

CROP-EAR
Crop"-ear` (krp"r`), n.

Defn: A person or animal whose ears are cropped.

CROP-EARED
Crop"-eared` (krp"rd`), a.

Defn: Having the ears cropped.

CROPFUL
Crop"ful (-fl), a.

Defn: Having a full crop or belly; satiated. Milton.

CROPPER
Crop"per (krp"pr), n.

1. One that crops.

2. A variety of pigeon with a large crop; a pouter.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: A machine for cropping, as for shearing off bolts or rod iron,
or for facing cloth.

4. A fall on one's head when riding at full speed, as in hunting;
hence, a sudden failure or collapse. [Slang.]

CROPSICK
Crop"sick` (kr"sk`), a.

Defn: Sick from excess in eating or drinking. [Obs.] "Cropsick
drunkards." Tate.
 -- Crop"sick`ness, n. [Obs.] Whitlock.

CROP-TAILED
Crop"-tailed` (-tld`), a.

Defn: Having the tail cropped.

CROQUANTE
Cro`quante", n. [F.]

Defn: A brittle cake or other crisp pastry.

CROQUET
Cro*quet" (kr-k"), n. Etym: [From French; cf. Walloon croque blow,
fillip. F. croquet a crisp biscuit, croquer to crunch, fr. croc a
crackling sound, of imitative origin. Croquet then properly meant a
smart tap on the ball.]

1. An open-air game in which two or more players endeavor to drive
wooden balls, by means of mallets, through a series of hoops or
arches set in the ground according to some pattern.

2. The act of croqueting.

CROQUET
Cro*quet", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Croqueted (-kd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Croqueting (-k"ng).]

Defn: In the game of croquet, to drive away an opponent's ball, after
putting one's own in contact with it, by striking one's own ball with
the mallet.

CROQUETTE
Cro*quette", n. Etym: [F., fr. croquer to crunch.] (Cookery)

Defn: A ball of minced meat, fowl, rice, or other ingredients, highly
seasoned, and fried.

CRORE
Crore (krr), n. Etym: [Hind. karor, Skr. koTi.]

Defn: Ten millions; as, a crore of rupees (which is nearly
$5,000,000). [East Indies] Malcolm.

CROSIER
Cro"sier (kr"zhr), n. Etym: [OE. rocer, croser, croyser, fr. croce
crosier, OF. croce, croche, F. crosse, fr. LL. crocea, crocia, from
the same German or Celtic sourse as F. croc hook; akin to E. crook.]

Defn: The pastoral staff of a bishop (also of an archbishop, being
the symbol of his office as a shepherd of the flock of God.

Note: The true shape of the crosier was with a hooked or curved top;
the archbishop's staff alone bore a cross instead of a crook, and was
of exceptional, not of regular form. Skeat.

CROSIERED
Cro"siered (-zhrd), a.

Defn: Bearing a crosier.

CROSLET
Cros"let (krs"lt; 115), n.

Defn: See Crosslet.

CROSS
Cross (krs; 115), n. Etym: [OE. crois, croys, cros; the former fr.
OF. crois, croiz, F. croix, fr. L. crux; the second is perh. directly
fr. Prov. cros, crotz. fr. the same L. crux; cf. Icel. kross. Cf.
Crucial, Crusade, Cruise, Crux.]

1. A gibbet, cosisting of two pieces of timber placed transversely
upon one another, in various forms, as a T, or +, with the horizontal
piece below the upper end of the upright, or as an X. It was
anciently used in the execution of criminals.
Nailed to the cross By his own nation. Milton.

2. The sign or mark of the cross, made with the finger, or in ink,
etc., or actually represented in some material; the symbol of
Christ's death; the ensign and chosen symbol of Christianity, of a
Christian people, and of Christendom.
The custom of making the sign of the cross with the hand or finger,
as a means of conferring blessing or preserving from evil, is very
old. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
Before the cross has waned the crescent's ray. Sir W. Scott.
Tis where the cross is preached. Cowper.

3. Affiction regarded as a test of patience or virtue; trial;
disappointment; opposition; misfortune.
Heaven prepares a good man with crosses. B. Jonson.

4. A piece of money stamped with the figure of a cross, also, that
side of such a piece on which the cross is stamped; hence, money in
general.
I should bear no cross if I did bear you; for I think you have no
money in your purse. Shak.

5. An appendage or ornament or anything in the form of a cross; a
badge or ornamental device of the general shape of a cross; hence,
such an ornament, even when varying considerably from that form;
thus, the Cross of the British Order of St. George and St. Michael
consist of a central medallion with seven arms radiating from it.

6. (Arch.)

Defn: A monument in the form of a cross, or surmounted bu a cross,
set up in a public place; as, a market cross; a boundary cross;
Charing Cross in London.
Dun-Edin's Cross, a pillared stone, Rose on a turret octagon. Sir W.
Scott.

7. (Her.)

Defn: A common heraldic bearing, of which there are many varieties.
See the Illustration, above.

8. The crosslike mark or symbol used instead of a signature by those
unable to write.
Five Kentish abbesses . . . .subscribed their names and crosses.
Fuller.

9. Church lands. [Ireland] [Obs.] Sir J. Davies.

10. A line drawn across or through another line.

11. Hence: A mixing of breeds or stock, especially in cattle
breeding; or the product of such intermixture; a hybrid of any kind.
Toning down the ancient Viking into a sort of a cross between Paul
Jones and Jeremy Diddler. Lord Dufferin.

12. (Surveying)

Defn: An instrument for laying of offsets perpendicular to the main
course.

13. (Mech.)

Defn: A pipe-fitting with four branches the axes of which usually
form's right angle. Cross and pile, a game with money, at which it is
put to chance whether a coin shall fall with that side up which bears
the cross, or the other, which is called pile, or reverse; the game
called heads or tails.
 -- Cross bottony or bottoné. See under Bottony.
 -- Cross estoilé (Her.). a cross, each of whose arms is pointed like
the ray of a star; that is, a star having four long points only.
 -- Cross of Calvary. See Calvary, 3.
 -- Southern cross. (Astron.) See under Southern.
 -- To do a thing on the cross, to act dishonestly; -- opposed to
acting on the square. [Slang] -- To take up the cross, to bear
troubles and afflictions with patience from love to Christ.

CROSS
Cross (krs), a.

1. Not parallel; lying or falling athwart; transverse; oblique;
intersecting.
The cross refraction of the second prism. Sir I. Newton.

2. Not accordant with what is wished or expected; interrupting;
adverse; contrary; thwarting; perverse. "A cross fortune." Jer.
Taylor.
The cross and unlucky issue of my design. Glanvill.
The article of the resurrection seems to lie marvelously cross to the
common experience of mankind. South.
We are both love's captives, but with fates so cross, One must be
happy by the other's loss. Dryden.

3. Characterized by, or in a state of, peevishness, fretfullness, or
ill humor; as, a cross man or woman.
He had received a cross answer from his mistress. Jer. Taylor.

4. Made in an opposite direction, or an inverse relation; mutually
inverse; interchanged; as, cross interrogatories; cross marriages, as
when a brother and sister marry persons standing in the same relation
to each other. Cross action (Law), an action brought by a party who
is sued against the person who has sued him, upon the same subject
matter, as upon the same contract. Burrill.
 -- Cross aisle (Arch.), a transept; the lateral divisions of a
cruciform church.
 -- Cross axie. (a) (Mach.) A shaft, windlass, or roller, worked by
levers at opposite ends, as in the copperplate printing press. (b) A
driving axle. with cranks set at an angle of 90º with each other.
 -- Cross bedding (Geol.), oblique lamination of horizontal beds, --
Cross bill. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Cross bitt. Same as Crosspiece.
 -- Cross bond, a form of bricklaying, in which the joints of one
stretcher course come midway between those of the stretcher courses
above and below, a course of headers and stretchers intervening. See
Bond, n., 8.
 -- Cross breed. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Cross breeding. See under Breeding.
 -- Cross buttock, a particular throw in wrestling; hence, an
unexpected defeat or repulse. Smollet.
 -- Cross country, across the country; not by the road. "The cross-
country ride." Cowper.
 -- Cross fertilization, the fertilization of the female products of
one physiological individual by the male products of another, -- as
the fertilization of the ovules of one plant by pollen from another.
See Fertilization.
 -- Cross file, a double convex file, used in dressing out the arms
or crosses of fine wheells.
 -- Cross fire (Mil.), lines of fire, from two or more points or
places, crossing each other.
 -- Cross forked. (Her.) See under Forked.
 -- Cross frog. See under Frog.
 -- Cross furrow, a furrow or trench cut across other furrows to
receive the water running in them and conduct it to the side of the
field.
 -- Cross handle, a handle attached transversely to the axis of a
tool, as in the augur. Knight.
 -- Cross lode (Mining), a vein intersecting the true or principal
lode.
 -- Cross purpose. See Cross-purpose, in the Vocabulary.
 -- Cross reference, a reference made from one part of a book or
register to another part, where the same or an allied subject is
treated of.
 -- Cross sea (Naut.), a chopping sea, in which the waves run in
contrary directions.
 -- Cross stroke, a line or stroke across something, as across the
letter t.
 -- Cross wind, a side wind; an unfavorable wind.
 -- Cross wires, fine wires made to traverse the field of view in a
telescope, and moved by a screw with a graduated head, used for
delicate astronomical observations; spider lines. Fixed cross wires
are also used in microscopes, etc.

Syn.
 -- Fretful; peevish. See Fretful.

CROSS
Cross, prep.

Defn: Athwart; across. [Archaic or Colloq.] A fox was taking a walk
one night cross a village. L'Estrange. To go cross lots, to go across
the fields; totake a short cut. [Colloq.]

CROSS
Cross, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crossed (krst; 115); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crossing.]

1. To put across or athwart; to cause to intersect; as, to cross the
arms.

2. To lay or draw something, as a line, across; as, to cross the
letter t.

3. To pass from one side to the other of; to pass or move over; to
traverse; as, to cross a stream.
A hunted hare . . . crosses and confounds her former track. I. Watts.

4. To pass, as objects going in an opposite direction at the same
time. "Your kind letter crossed mine." J. D. Forbes.

5. To run counter to; to thwart; to obstruct; to hinder; to clash or
interfere with.
In each thing give him way; cross him in nothing. Shak.
An oyster may be crossed onlove. Sheridan.

6. To interfere and cut off; to debar. [Obs.]
To cross me from the golden time I look for. Shak.

7. To make the sign of the cross upon; -- followed by the reflexive
pronoun; as, he crossed himself.

8. To cancel by marking crosses on or over, or drawing a line across;
to erase; -- usually with out, off, or over; as, to cross out a name.

9. To cause to interbreed; -- said of different stoocks or races; to
mix the breed of. To cross one's path, to oppose one's plans.
Macualay.

CROSS
Cross, v. i.

1. To lie or be athwart.

2. To move or pass from one side to the other, or from place to
place; to make a transit; as, to cross from New York to Liverpool.

3. To be inconsistent. [Obs.]
Men's actions do not always cross with reason. Sir P. Sidney.

4. To interbreed, as races; to mix distinct breeds.
If two individuals of distinct races cross, a third is invariably
produced different from either. Coleridge.

CROSS-ARMED
Cross"-armed` (krs"rmd), a.

Defn: With arms crossed.

CROSS-BANDED
Cross"-band`ed (-bnd`d), a.

Defn: A term used when a narrow ribbon of veneer is inserted into the
surfase of any piece of furniture, wainscoting, etc., so that the
grain of it is contrary to the general surface.

CROSSBAR
Cross"bar` (-br`), n.

Defn: A transverse bar or piece, as a bar across a door, or as the
iron bar or stock which passes through the shank of an anchor to
insure its turning fluke down. Russell. Crossbar shot, a projectile
which folds into a sphere for loading, but on leaving the gun expands
to a cross with a quarter ball at the end of each arm; -- used in
naval actions for cutting the enemy's rigging.

CROSSBARRED
Cross"barred` (-brd`), a.

1. Secured by, or furnished with, crossbars. Milton.

2. Made or patterned in lines crossing each other; as, crossbarred
muslin.

CROSSBEAK
Cross"beak` (-bk`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Crossbill.

CROSSBEAM
Cross"beam` (-bm`). n.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A girder.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A beam laid across the bitts, to which the cable is fastened
when riding at anchor.

CROSS-BEARER
Cross"-bear`er (-br`r), n. (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: A subdeacon who bears a cross before an archbishop or primate
on solemn occasions.

CROSSBILL
Cross"bill` (-bl`). (Law)

Defn: A bill brought by a defendant, in an equity or chancery suit,
against the plaintiff, respecting the matter in question in that
suit. Bouvier.

Note: In criminal practice, cross bills of indictment for assault, in
which the prosecutor in once case is the defendant in another, may be
tried together.

CROSSBILL
Cross"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the genus Loxia, allied to the finches. Their
mandibles are strongly curved and cross each other; the crossbeak.

CROSS-BIRTH
Cross"-birth` (-brth`), n. (Med.)

Defn: Any preternatural labor, in whiche the boly of the child lies
across the pelvis of the mother, so that the shoulder, arm, or trunk
is the part first presented at the mouth of the uterus.

CROSSBITE
Cross"bite` (-bt`), n.

Defn: A deeption; a cheat. [Obs.]

CROSSBITE
Cross"bite", b. t.

Defn: To deceive; to trick; to gull. [Obs.]

CROSSBONES
Cross"bones` (-bnz`), n. pl.

Defn: A representation of two of the leg bones or arm bones of a
skeleton, laid crosswise, often surmounted with a skull, and serving
as a symbol of death.
Crossbones, scythes, hourglasses, and other lugubrios emblems of
mortality. Hawthorne.

CROSSBOW
Cross"bow` (-b`), n. (Archery)

Defn: A weapon, used in discharging arrows, formed by placing a bow
crosswise on a stock.

CROSSBOWER
Cross"bow`er (-b`r), n.

Defn: A crossbowman.[Obs.]

CROSSBOWMAN
Cross"bow`man (-man), n.

Defn: One who shoots with a crossbow. See Arbalest.

CROSSBRED
Cross"bred` (-brd`), a. (Stock Breeding)

Defn: Produced by mixing distinct breeds; mongrel.

CROSSBREED
Cross"breed` (-brd`), n.

1. A breed or an animal produced from parents of different breeds; a
new variety, as of plants, combining the qualites of two parent
varieties or stocks.

2. Anything partaking of the natures of two different things; a
hybrid.

CROSS-BUN
Cross"-bun` (-bn`), n.

Defn: A bun or cake marked with a cross, and intended to be eaten on
Good Friday.

CROSS-BUTTOCK
Cross"-but`tock, n. (Wrestling)

Defn: A throw in which the wrestler turns his left side to his
opponent, places his left leg across both legs of his opponent, and
pulls him forward over his hip; hence, an unexpected defeat or
repulse.

CROSS-CROSSLET
Cross`-cross"let (-krs"lt; 115), n. (Her.)

Defn: A cross having the three upper ends crossed, so as to from
three small crosses.

CROSSCUT
Cross"cut` (-kt`)

Defn: , v. t. To cut across or through; to intersect.

CROSSCUT
Cross"cut`, n.

1. A short cut across; a path shorter than by the high road.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A level driven across the course of a vein, or across the main
workings, as from one gangway to another. Crosscut saw. (a) A saw,
the teeth of which are so set as to adapt it for sawing wood
crosswise of the grain rather than lengthwise. (b) A saw managed by
two men, one at each end, for cutting large logs crosswise.

CROSS-DAYS
Cross"-days` (-dz`), n. pl. (Eccl.)

Defn: The three days preceding the Feast of the Ascension.

CROSSE
Crosse, n. [F., crosier, hooked stick.]

Defn: The implement with which the ball is thrown and caught in the
game of lacrosse.

CROSSETTE
Cros*sette" (krs-st`), n. Etym: [F., dim. of crosse. See Crosier.]
(Arch.)
(a) A return in one of the corners of the architrave of a door or
window; -- called also ancon, ear, elbow.
(b) The shoulder of a joggled keystone.

CROSS-EXAMINATION
Cross"-ex*am`i*na"tion (krs"gz-m`-n"shn; 115), n. (Low)

Defn: The interrogating or questioning of a witness by the party
against whom he has been called and examined. See Examination.

CROSS-EXAMINE
Cross"-ex*am"ine (-m"n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cross-examined (-nd); p.
pr. & vb. n. Cross-examining.] (Low)

Defn: To examine or question, as a witness who has been called and
examined by the opposite party. "The opportunity to cross-examine the
witnesses." Kent.

CROSS-EXAMINER
Cross"-ex*am"in*er (-r), n.

Defn: One who cross-examines or conducts a crosse-examination.

CROSS-EYE
Cross"-eye` (-`), n.

Defn: See Strabismus.

CROSS-EYED
Cross"-eyed` (-d`), a.

Defn: Affected with strabismus; squint-eyed; squinting.

CROSS-FERTILIZE
Cross"-fer"ti*lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cross-fertilized; p. pr. &
vb. n. Cross-fertilizing.] (Bot.)

Defn: To fertilize, as the stigmas of a flower or plant, with the
pollen from another individual of the  same species.

CROSSFISH
Cross"fish` (-fsh`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A starfish.

CROSSFLOW
Cross"flow` (-fl`), v. i.

Defn: To flow across, or in a contrary direction. "His crossflowing
course." Milton.

CROSS-GARNET
Cross"-gar`net (krs"gr`nt), n.

Defn: A hinge having one strap perpendicular and the other strap
horizontal giving it the form of an Egyptian or T cross.

CROSSGRAINED
Cross"grained (-grnd`), a.

1. Having the grain or fibers run diagonally, or more or less
transversely an irregularly, so as to interfere with splitting or
planing.
If the stuff proves crossgrained, . . . then you must turn your stuff
to plane it the contrary way. Moxon.

2. Perverse; untractable; contrary.
She was none of your crossgrained, termagant, scolding jades.
Arbuthnot.

CROSSHATCH
Cross"hatch` (-hch`; 224), v. t.

Defn: To shade by means of crosshatching.

CROSSHATCHING
Cross"hatch`ing, n.

Defn: In drawing and line engraving, shading with lines that cross
one another at an angle.

CROSSHEAD
Cross"head` (-hd), n. (Mach.)

Defn: A beam or bar across the head or end of a rod, etc., or a block
attached to it and carrying a knuckle pin; as the solid crosspiece
running between parallel slides, which receives motion from the
piston of a steam engine and imparts it to the connecting rod, which
is hinged to the crosshead.

CROSSING
Cross"ing, n. Etym: [See Cross, v. t. ]

1. The act by which anything is crossed; as, the crossing of the
ocean.

2. The act of making the sign of the cross. Bp. Hall.

3. The act of interbreeding; a mixing of breeds.

4. Intersection, as of two paths or roads.

5. A place where anything (as a stream) is crossed; a paved walk
across a street.

6. Contradiction; thwarting; obstruction.
I do not bear these crossings. Shak.

CROSSJACK
Cross"jack` (krs"jk` or kr"jk`), n. (Naut.)

Defn: The lowest square sail, or the lower yard of the mizzenmast.

CROSSLEGGED
CRoss"legged` (-lgd`), a.

Defn: Having the legs crossed.

CROSSLET
Cross"let (-lEt), n. Etym: [Dim. of cross.]

1. A small cross. Spenser.

2. Etym: [Cf. OF. croisel crucible, and E. Cresset.]

Defn: A crucible. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CROSSLET
Cross"let, a. (Her.)

Defn: Crossed again; -- said of a cross the arms of which are
crossed. SeeCross-crosslet.

CROSSLY
Cross"ly, adv.

Defn: Athwart; adversely; unfortunately; peevishly; fretfully; with
ill humor.

CROSSNESS
Cross"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being cross; peevishness; fretfulness;
ill humor.

CROSSOPTERYGIAN
Cros*sop`ter*yg"i*an (krs-sp`tr-j-an), a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Crossopterygii.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Crossopterygii.

CROSSOPTERYGII
Cros*sop`te*ryg"i*i (krs-sp`t-rj-), n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of ganoid fishes including among living species the
bichir (Polypterus). See Brachioganoidei.

CROSSPATCH
Cross"patch` (-pch`; 224), n.

Defn: An ill-natured person. [Colloq.] "Crosspatch, draw the latch."
Mother Goose.

CROSS-PAWL
Cross"-pawl` (-pl`), n. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: Same as Cross-spale.

CROSSPIECE
Cross"piece` (krs"ps`; 115), n.

1. A piece of any structure which is fitted or framed crosswise.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A bar or timber connecting two knightheads or two bitts.

CROSS-PURPOSE
Cross"-pur`pose (-pr`ps), n.

1. A counter or opposing purpose; hence, that which is inconsistent
or contradictory. Shaftesbury.

2. pl.

Defn: A conversational game, in which questions and answers are made
so as to involve ludicrous combinations of ideas. Pepys. To be at
cross-purposes, to misunderstand or to act counter to one another
without intending it; -- said of persons.

CROSS-QUESTION
Cross"-ques`tion (-kws`chn), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cross-questioned (-
chnd), p. pr. & vb. n. Cross-questioning.]

Defn: To cross-examine; to subject to close questioning.

CROSS-READING
Cross"-read`ing (rd`ng), n.

Defn: The reading of the lines of a newspaper directly across the
page, instead of down the columns, thus producing a ludicrous
combination of ideas.

CROSSROAD
Cross"road` (-rd`), n.

Defn: A road that crosses another; an obscure road intersecting or
avoiding the main road.

CROSSROW
Cross"row` (-r`), n.

1. The alphabet; -- called also Christcross-row.
And from the crossrow plucks the letter G. Shak.

2. A row that crosses others.

CROSSRUFF
Cross"ruff` (-rf`), n. (Whist)

Defn: The play in whist where partners trump each a different suit,
and lead to each other for that purpose; -- called also seesaw.

CROSS-SPALE; CROSS-SPALL
Cross"-spale` (-spl`), Cross"-spall` (-spl`), n. Etym: [See Spale &
Spall.] (Shipbuilding)

Defn: One of the temporary wooden braces, placed horizontally across
a frame to hold it in position until the deck beams are in; a cross-
pawl.

CROSS-SPRINGER
Cross"-spring`er (-sprng`r), n. (Arch.)

Defn: One of the ribs in a groined arch, springing from the corners
in a diagonal direction.

Note: [See Illustr. of Groined vault.]

CROSS-STAFF
Cross"-staff` (-stf`), n.

1. An instrument formerly used at sea for taking the altitudes of
celestial bodies.

2. A surveyor's instrument for measuring offsets.

CROSS-STITCH
Cross"-stitch` (-stch`; 224), n.

Defn: A form of stitch, where the stitches are diagonal and in pairs,
the thread of one stitch crossing that of the other. "Tent and cross-
stitch." Sir W. Scott.
 -- Cross"-stitch`, v. t. & i.

CROSS-STONE
Cross"-stone` (-stn`), n. (Min.)

Defn: See Harmotome, and Staurotide.

CROSS-TAIL
Cross"-tail` (-tl`), n. (Steam Engine)

Defn: A bar connecting the ends of the side rods or levers of a
backaction or side-lever engine.

CROSS-TIE
Cross"-tie` (-t`), n. (Railroad)

Defn: A sleeper supporting and connecting the rails, and holding them
in place.

CROSS-TINING
Cross"-tin`ing (krs"tn`ng), n. (Agric.)

Defn: A mode of harrowing crosswise, or transversely to the ridges.
Crabb.

CROSSTREES
Cross"trees` (-trz`), n. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: Pieces of timber at a masthead, to which are attached the upper
shrouds. At the head of lower masts in large vessels, they support a
semicircular platform called the "top."

CROSS-VAULTING
Cross"-vault`ing (-vlt`ng), n. (Arch.)

Defn: Vaulting formed by the intersection of two or more simple
vaults.

CROSSWAY
Cross"way` (-w`), n.

Defn: See Crossroad.

CROSS-WEEK
Cross"-week` (-wk`), n.

Defn: Rogation week, when the cross was borne in processions.

CROSSWISE
Cross"wise` (-wz`), adv.

Defn: In the form of a cross; across; transversely. Longfellow.

CROSSWORT
Cross"wort` (-wrt`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several inconspicuous plants having leaves in
whorls of four, as species of Crucianella, Valantia, etc.

CROTALARIA
Crot`a*la"ri*a (krt`-l"r- or kr`t-l"r-A), n. Etym: [NL. See
Crotalum.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous plants; rattlebox.

Note: Crotalaria juncea furnishes the fiber called sunn or Bombay
hemp.

CROTALINE
Crot"a*line (krt"-ln or kr`t-), a. Etym: [See Crotalus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling, or pertaining to, the Crotalidae, or Rattlesnake
family.

CROTALO
Crot"a*lo (-l), n.

Defn: A Turkish musical instrument.

CROTALUM
Crot"a*lum (-lm), n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of castanet used by the Corybantes.

CROTALUS
Crot"a*lus (-ls), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of poisonous serpents, including the rattlesnakes.

CROTAPHITE
Crot"a*phite (krt"-ft), n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The temple or temporal fossa. Also used adjectively.

CROTAPHITIC
Crot`a*phit"ic (krt`-ft"k), n. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the temple; temporal.

CROTCH
Crotch (krch; 224), n.; pl. Crotches (-. Etym: [Cf. Crotchet,
Crutch.]

1. The angle formed by the parting of two legs or branches; a fork;
the point where a trunk divides; as, the crotch of a tree.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A stanchion or post of wood or iron, with two arms for
supporting a boom, spare yards, etc.; -- called also crane and
crutch. Totten.

CROTCH CHAIN
Crotch chain. (Logging)

Defn: A form of tackle for loading a log sideways on a sled, skidway,
etc.

CROTCHED
Crotched (krcht), a.

1. Having a crotch; forked.

2. Cross; peevish. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

CROTCHET
Crotch"et (krch"t; 224), n. Etym: [F. crochet, prop., a little hook,
a dim. from the same source as croc hook. See Crook, and cf. Crochet,
Crocket, Crosier.]

1. A forked support; a crotch.
The crotchets of their cot in columns rise. Dryden.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A time note, with a stem, having one fourth the value of a
semibreve, one half that of a minim, and twice that of a quaver; a
quarter note.

3. (Fort.)

Defn: An indentation in the glacis of the covered way, at a point
where a traverse is placed.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: The arrangement of a body of troops, either forward or
rearward, so as to form a line nearly perpendicular to the general
line of battle.

5. (Print.)

Defn: A bracket. See Bracket.

6. (Med.)

Defn: An instrument of a hooked form, used in certain cases in the
extraction of a fetus. Dunglison.

7. A perverse fancy; a whim which takes possession of the mind; a
conceit.
He ruined himself and all that trusted in him by crotchets that he
could never explain to any rational man. De Quincey.

CROTCHET
Crotch"et, v. i.

Defn: To play music in measured time. [Obs.] Donne.

CROTCHETED
Crotch"et*ed, a.

Defn: Marked or measured by crotchets; having musical notation.
Harmar (1587).

CROTCHETINESS
Crotch"et*i*ness (krch"t--ns), n.

Defn: The state or character of being crotchety, or whimsical.
This belief in rightness is a kind of conscientiousness, and when it
degenerates it becomes crotchetiness. J. Grote.

CROTCHETY
Crotch"et*y (krch"t-), a.

Defn: Given to crotchets; subject to whims; as, a crotchety man.

CROTON
Cro"ton (kr"tn), n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of euphorbiaceous plants belonging to tropical
countries. Croton oil (Med.), a viscid, acrid, brownish yellow oil
obtained from the seeds of Croton Tiglium, a small tree of the East
Indies. It is a most powerful drastic cathartic, and is used
externally as a pustulant.

CROTON BUG
Cro"ton bug` (bg`). Etym: [From the Croton water of New York.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, active, winged species of cockroach (Ectobia
Germanica), the water bug. It is common aboard ships, and in houses
in cities, esp. in those with hot-water pipes.

CROTONIC
Cro*ton"ic (kr-tn"k), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or derived from, a plant of the genus
Croton, or from croton oil. Crotonic acid (Chem.), a white
crystalline organic acid, C3H5.CO2H, of the ethylene, or acrylic acid
series. It was so named because formerly supposed to exist in croton
oil. Also, any acid metameric with crotonic acid proper.

Note: The acid characteristic of croton oil is tiglic or tiglinic
acid, a derivative of crotonic acid.

CROTONINE
Cro"ton*ine (kr"tn-n), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A supposed alkaloid obtained from croton oil by boiling it with
water and magnesia, since found to be merely a magnesia soap of the
oil. Watts.

CROTONYLENE
Cro*ton"y*lene (kr-tn"-ln), n. Etym: [Crotonic + acet-ylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, volatile, pungent liquid, C4H6, produced
artificially, and regarded as an unsaturated hydrocarbon of the
acetylene series, and analogous to crotonic acid.

CROTTLES
Crot"tles (krt"t'lz), n. pl. Etym: [Gael. crotal.]

Defn: A name given to various lichens gathered for dyeing. [Scot.]

CROUCH
Crouch (krouch; 129), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Crouched (kroucht); p. pr.
& vb. n. Crouching.] Etym: [OE. cruchen, crouchen, crouken; cf. E.
creep, G. krauchen, kriechen, or E. crook to bend, also crouch to
cross.]

1. To bend down; to stoop low; to lie close to the ground with the
logs bent, as an animal when waiting for prey, or in fear.
Now crouch like a cur. Beau. & Fl.

2. To bend servilely; to stoop meanly; to fawn; to cringe. "A
crouching purpose." Wordsworth.
Must I stand and crouch Under your testy humor Shak.

CROUCH
Crouch, v. t. Etym: [OE. cruchen, crouchen, from cruche, crouche,
cross. Cf. Crosier, Crook.]

1. To sign with the cross; to bless. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To bend, or cause to bend, as in humility or fear.
She folded her arms across her chest, And crouched her head upon her
breast. Colerige.

CROUCHED
Crouched (kroucht), a.

Defn: Marked with the sign of the cross. [Obs.] Crouched friar. See
Crutched friar, under Crutched.

CROUD
Croud (kroud), n. (Mus.)

Defn: See Crowd, a violin.

CROUKE
Crouke (krouk), n.

Defn: A crock; a jar. [Obs.] Chauser.

CROUP
Croup (krp), n. Etym: [F. croupe hind quarters, croup, rump, of
German or Icel. origin; cf. Icel. kryppa hump; akin to Icel. kroppr.
Cf. Crop.]

Defn: The hinder part or buttocks of certain quadrupeds, especially
of a horse; hence, the place behind the saddle.
So light to the croup the fair lady he swung, So light to the saddle
before her he sprung. Sir W. Scott.

CROUP
Croup (krp), n. Etym: [Scot. croup, cf. croup, crowp, to croak, to
cry or speak with a hoarse voice; cf. also LG. kropp, G. kropf, the
crop or craw of a bird, and tumor on the anterior part of the neck, a
wen, etc. Cf. Crop.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammatory affection of the larynx or trachea, accompanied
by a hoarse, ringing cough and stridulous, difficult breathing; esp.,
such an affection when associated with the development of a false
membrane in the air passages (also called membranous croup). See
False croup, under False, and Diphtheria.

CROUPADE
Crou*pade" (kr-pd"), n. Etym: [F., fr. croupe hind quarters.] (Man.)

Defn: A leap in which the horse pulls up his hind legs toward his
belly.

CROUPAL
Croup"al (krp"al), a.

Defn: Croupy.

CROUPER
Croup"er (krp"r), n.

Defn: See Crupper.

CROUPIER
Crou"pi*er (kr, n. Etym: [F.; prop., one who sits on the croup, and
hence, in the second place; an assistant. See 1st Croup.]

1. One who presides at a gaming table and collects the stakes.

2. One who, at a public dinner party, sits at the lower end of the
table as assistant chairman.

CROUPOUS
Croup"ous (krp"s), a. (Med.)

Defn: Relating to or resembling croup; especially, attended with the
formation of a deposit or membrance like that found in membranous
croup; as, croupous laryngitis. Croupous pneumonia, pneumonia
attended with deposition of fibrinous matter in the air vesicles of
the lungs; ordinary acute pneumonia.

CROUPY
Croup"y (krp"), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to croup; resembling or indicating croup; as,
a croupy cough.

CROUSE
Crouse (krs), a. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Brisk; lively; bold; self-complacent. [Scot.] Burns.

CROUSTADE
Crou`stade" (kr`std"), n. Etym: [F., fr. cro a crust, OF. crouste.]
(Cookery)

Defn: Bread baked in a mold, and scooped out, to serve minces upon.
Bishop.

CROUT
Crout (krout), n. Etym: [G. kraut.]

Defn: See Sourkrout.

CROUTON
Crou`ton" (kr`tn"), n. Etym: [F. cro, fr. cro a crust.] (Cookery)

Defn: Bread cut in various forms, and fried lightly in butter or oil,
to garnish hashes, etc.

CROW
Crow (kr), v. i. [imp. Crew (kr or Crowed (kr; p. p. Crowed (Crown
(krn), Obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Crowing.] Etym: [AS. cr; akin to D.
kraijen, G. kr, cf. Lith. groti to croak. sq. root24. Cf. Crake.]

1. To make the shrill sound characteristic of a cock, either in joy,
gayety, or defiance. "The cock had crown." Bayron.
The morning cock crew loud. Shak.

2. To shout in exultation or defiance; to brag.

3. To utter a sound expressive of joy or pleasure.
The sweetest little maid, That ever crowed for kisses. Tennyson.
To crow over, to exult over a vanquished antagonist.
Sennacherib crowing over poor Jerusalem. Bp. Hall.

CROW
Crow, n. Etym: [AS. cr a crow (in sense 1); akin to D. kraai, G. kr;
cf. Icel. kr crow. So named from its cry, from AS. cr to crow. See
Crow, v. i. ]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird, usually black, of the genus Corvus, having a strong
conical beak, with projecting bristles. It has a harsh, croaking
note. See Caw.

Note: The common crow of Europe, or carrion crow, is C. corone. The
common American crow is C. Americanus. See Carrion crow, and
Illustr., under Carrion.

2. A bar of iron with a beak, crook, or claw; a bar of iron used as a
lever; a crowbar.
Get me an iron crow, and bring it straight Unto my cell. Shak.

3. The cry of the cock. See Crow, v. i., 1.

4. The mesentery of a beast; -- so called by butchers. Carrion crow.
See under Carrion.
 -- Crow blackbird (Zoöl.), an American bird (Quiscalus quiscula); --
called also purple grackle.
 -- Crow pheasant (Zoöl.), an Indian cuckoo; the common coucal. It is
believed by the natives to give omens. See Coucal.
 -- Crow shrike (Zoöl.), any bird of the genera Gymnorhina, Craticus,
or Strepera, mostly from Australia.
 -- Red-legged crow. See Crough.
 -- As the crow flies, in a direct line.
 -- To pick a crow, To pluck a crow, to state and adjust a difference
or grievance (with any one).

CROWBAR
Crow"bar` (kr"br), n.

Defn: A bar of iron sharpened at one end, and used as a lever.

CROWBERRY
Crow`ber`ry (kr"br`r), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A heathlike plant of the genus Empetrum, and its fruit, a
black, scarcely edible berry; -- also called crakeberry.

CROWD
Crowd (kroud), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crowded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Crowding.] Etym: [OE. crouden, cruden, AS. cr; cf. D. kruijen to push
in a wheelbarrow.]

1. To push, to press, to shove. Chaucer.

2. To press or drive together; to mass together. "Crowd us and crush
us." Shak.

3. To fill by pressing or thronging together; hence, to encumber by
excess of numbers or quantity.
The balconies and verandas were crowded with spectators, anxious to
behold their future sovereign. Prescott.

4. To press by solicitation; to urge; to dun; hence, to treat
discourteously or unreasonably. [Colloq.] To crowd out, to press out;
specifically, to prevent the publication of; as, the press of other
matter crowded out the article.
 -- To crowd sail (Naut.), to carry an extraordinary amount of sail,
with a view to accelerate the speed of a vessel; to carry a press of
sail.

CROWD
Crowd, v. i.

1. To press together or collect in numbers; to swarm; to throng.
The whole company crowded about the fire. Addison.
Images came crowding on his mind faster than he could put them into
words. Macaulay.

2. To urge or press forward; to force one's self; as, a man crowds
into a room.

CROWD
Crowd, n. Etym: [AS. croda. See Crowd, v. t. ]

1. A number of things collected or closely pressed together; also, a
number of things adjacent to each other.
A crowd of islands. Pope.

2. A number of persons congregated or collected into a close body
without order; a throng.
The crowd of Vanity Fair. Macualay.
Crowds that stream from yawning doors.--Tennyson.

3. The lower orders of people; the populace; the vulgar; the rabble;
the mob.
To fool the crowd with glorious lies. Tennyson.
He went not with the crowd to see a shrine. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Throng; multitude. See Throng.

CROWD
Crowd, n. Etym: [W. crwth; akin to Gael. cruit. Perh. named from its
shape, and akin to Gr. curve. Cf. Rote.]

Defn: An ancient instrument of music with six strings; a kind of
violin, being the oldest known stringed instrument played with a bow.
[Written also croud, crowth, cruth, and crwth.]
A lackey that . . . can warble upon a crowd a little. B. Jonson.

CROWD
Crowd, v. t.

Defn: To play on a crowd; to fiddle. [Obs.] "Fiddlers, crowd on."
Massinger.

CROWDER
Crowd"er (kroud"r), n.

Defn: One who plays on a crowd; a fiddler. [Obs.] "Some blind
crowder." Sir P. Sidney.

CROWDER
Crowd"er, n.

Defn: One who crowds or pushes.

CROWDY
Crow"dy (krou"d), n.

Defn: A thick gruel of oatmeal and milk or water; food of the
porridge kind. [Scot.]

CROWFLOWER
Crow"flow`er (kr"flou`r), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of campion; according to Gerarde, the Lychnis Flos-
cuculi.

CROWFOOT
Crow"foot` (kr"ft`), n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The genus Ranunculus, of many species; some are common weeds,
others are flowering plants of considerable beauty.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A number of small cords rove through a long block, or euphroe,
to suspend an awning by.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A caltrop. [Written also crow's-foot.]

4. (Well Boring)

Defn: A tool with a side claw for recovering broken rods, etc.
Raymond.

CROWKEEPER
Crow"keep`er (-kp`r), n.

Defn: A person employed to scare off crows; hence, a scarecrow.
[Obs.]
Scaring the ladies like a crowkeeper. Shak.

CROWN
Crown (krn),

Defn: p. p. of Crow. [Obs.]

CROWN
Crown (kroun), n. Etym: [OE. corone, coroun, crune, croun, OF.
corone, corune, F. couronne, fr. L. corona crown, wreath; akin to Gr.
curvus curved, E. curve, curb, Gael. cruinn round, W. crwn. Cf.
Cornice, Corona, Coroner, Coronet.]

1. A wreath or garland, or any ornamental fillet encircling the head,
especially as a reward of victory or mark of honorable distinction;
hence, anything given on account of, or obtained by, faithful or
successful effort; a reward. "An olive branch and laurel crown."
Shak.
They do it to obtain a corruptible crown; but we an incorruptiblle. 1
Cor. ix. 25.
Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life.
Rev. ii. 10.

2. A royal headdress or cap of sovereignty, worn by emperors, kings,
princes, etc.

Note: Nobles wear coronets; the triple crown of the pope is usually
called a tiara. The crown of England is a circle of gold with
crosses, fleurs-de-lis, and imperial arches, inclosing a crimson
velvet cap, and ornamented with thousands of diamonds and precious
stones.

3. The person entitled to wear a regal or imperial crown; the
sovereign; -- with the definite article.
Parliament may be dissolved by the demise of the crown. Blackstone.
Large arrears of pay were due to the civil and military servants of
the crown. Macaulay.

4. Imperial or regal power or dominion; sovereignty.
There is a power behind the crown greater than the crown itself.
Junius.

5. Anything which imparts beauty, splendor, honor, dignity, or
finish.
The hoary head is a crown of glory, if it be found in the way of
righteousness. Prov. xvi. 31.
A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband. Prov. xvi. 4.

6. Highest state; acme; consummation; perfection.
Mutual love, the crown of all our bliss. Milton.

7. The topmost part of anything; the summit.
The steepy crown of the bare mountains. Dryden.

8. The topmost part of the head (see Illust. of Bird.); that part of
the head from which the hair descends toward the sides and back;
also, the head or brain.
From toe to crown he'll fill our skin with pinches. Shak.
Twenty things which I set down: This done, I twenty more-had in my
crown. Bunyan.

9. The part of a hat above the brim.

10. (Anat.)

Defn: The part of a tooth which projects above the gum; also, the top
or grinding surface of a tooth.

11. (Arch.)

Defn: The vertex or top of an arch; -- applied generally to about one
third of the curve, but in a pointed arch to the apex only.

12. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Corona.

13. (Naut.)
(a) That part of an anchor where the arms are joined to the shank.
(b) The rounding, or rounded part, of the deck from a level line. (c)
pl.

Defn: The bights formed by the several turns of a cable. Totten.

14. The upper range of facets in a rose diamond.

15. The dome of a furnace.

16. (Geom.)

Defn: The area inclosed between two concentric perimeters.

17. (Eccl.)

Defn: A round spot shaved clean on the top of the head, as a mark of
the clerical state; the tonsure.

18. A size of writing paper. See under Paper.

19. A coin stamped with the image of a crown; hence,a denomination of
money; as, the English crown, a silver coin of the value of five
shillings sterling, or a little more than $1.20; the Danish or
Norwegian crown, a money of account, etc., worth nearly twenty-seven
cents.

20. An ornaments or decoration representing a crown; as, the paper is
stamped with a crown. Crown of aberration (Astron.), a spurious
circle around the true circle of the sun.
 -- Crown antler (Zoöl.), the topmost branch or tine of an antler;
also, an antler having a cuplike top, with tines springing from the
rim.
 -- Crown bar, one of the bars which support the crown sheet of
steam-boiler furnace.
 -- Crown glass. See under Glass.
 -- Crown imperial. (Bot.) See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Crown jewels, the jewels appertaining to the sovereign while
wearing the crown. [Eng.] "She pawned and set to sale the crown
jewels." Milton.
 -- Crown land, land belonging to the crown, that is, to the
sovereign.
 -- Crown law, the law which governs criminal prosecutions. [Eng.] --
Crown lawyer, one employed by the crown, as in criminal cases. [Eng.]
-- Crown octavo. See under Paper.
 -- Crown office. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Crown paper. See under Paper.
 -- Crown piece. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Crown Prince, the heir apparent to a crown or throne.
 -- Crown saw. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Crown scab (Far.), a cancerous sore formed round the corners of a
horse's hoof.
 -- Crown sheet, the flat plate which forms the top of the furnace or
fire box of an internally fired steam boiler.
 -- Crown shell. (Zoöl.) See Acorn-shell.
 -- Crown side. See Crown office.
 -- Crown tax (Eccl. Hist.), a golden crown, or its value, which was
required annually from the Jews by the king of Syria, in the time of
the Maccabees. 1 Macc. x. 20.
 -- Crown wheel. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Crown work. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Pleas of the crown (Engl. law), criminal actions.

CROWN
Crown (kroun), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crowned (kround); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crowning.] Etym: [OE. coronen, corunen, crunien, crounien, OF.
coroner, F. couronner, fr. L. coronare, fr. corona a crown. See
Crown, n.]

1. To cover, decorate, or invest with a crown; hence, to invest with
royal dignity and power.
Her who fairest does appear, Crown her queen of all the year. Dryden.
Crown him, and say, "Long live our emperor." Shak.

2. To bestow something upon as a mark of honor, dignity, or
recompense; to adorn; to dignify.
Thou . . . hast crowned him with glory and honor. Ps. viii. 5.

3. To form the topmost or finishing part of; to complete; to
consummate; to perfect.
Amidst the grove that crowns yon tufted hill. Byron.
One day shall crown the alliance. Shak.
To crown the whole, came a proposition. Motley.

4. (Mech.)

Defn: To cause to round upward; to make anything higher at the middle
than at the edges, as the face of a machine pulley.

5. (Mil.)

Defn: To effect a lodgment upon, as upon the crest of the glacis, or
the summit of the breach. To crown a knot (Naut.), to lay the ends of
the strands over and under each other.

CROWN COLONY
Crown colony.

Defn: A colony of the British Empire not having an elective
magistracy or a parliament, but governed by a chief magistrate
(called Governor) appointed by the Crown, with executive councilors
nominated by him and not elected by the people.

CROWNED
Crowned (kround), p. p. & a.

1. Having or wearing a crown; surmounted, invested, or adorned, with
a crown, wreath, garland, etc.; honored; rewarded; completed;
consummated; perfected. "Crowned with one crest." Shak. "Crowned with
conquest." Milton.
With surpassing glory crowned. Milton.

2. Great; excessive; supreme. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CROWNER
Crown"er (kroun"r), n.

1. One who, or that which, crowns. Beau. & FL.

2. Etym: [Cf. Coroner.]

Defn: A coroner. [Prov. Eng. or Scot.]

CROWNET
Crown"et (kroun"t), n. Etym: [See Crown, Coronet.]

1. A coronet. [R.] P. Whitehead.

2. The ultimate end and result of an undertaking; a chief end. [Obs.]
O this false soul of Egypt! this grave charm . . . . Whose bosom was
my crownet, my chief end. Shak.

CROWN-IMPERIAL
Crown"-im*pe"ri*al (-m-p"r-al), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A spring-blooming plant (Fritillaria imperialis) of the Lily
family, having at the top of the stalk a cluster of pendent bell-
shaped flowers surmounted with a tuft of green leaves.

CROWNLAND
Crown"land`, n. [G. kronland.]

Defn: In Austria-Hungary, one of the provinces, or largest
administrative divisions of the monarchy; as, the crownland of Lower
Austria.

CROWNLESS
Crown"less, a.

Defn: Without a crown.

CROWNLET
Crown"let (-lt), n.

Defn: A coronet. [Poetic] Sir W. Scott.

CROWN OFFICE
Crown" of`fice (f`fs; 115). (Eng. Law)

Defn: The criminal branch of the Court of King's or Queen's Bench,
commonly called the crown side of the court, which takes cognizance
of all criminal cases. Burrill.

CROWNPIECE
Crown"piece` (-ps`), n.
(a) A piece or part which passes over the head, as in a bridle.
(b) A coin [In sense (b) properly crown piece.] See Crown, 19.

CROWN-POST
Crown"-post` (kroun"pst`), n.

Defn: Same as King-post.

CROWN-SAW
Crown"-saw` (-s`), n. Etym: [From its supposed resemblance to a
crown.] (Mech.)

Defn: A saw in the form of a hollow cylinder, with teeth on the end
or edge, and operated by a rotative motion.

Note: The trephine was the first of the class of crownsaws. Knight.

CROWN SIDE
Crown" side` (sd`).

Defn: See Crown office.

CROWN WHEEL
Crown" wheel` (hwl`). Etym: [Named from its resemblance to a crown.]
(Mach.)

Defn: A wheel with cogs or teeth set at right angles to its plane; --
called also a contrate wheel or face wheel.

CROWNWORK
Crown"work` (-wrk`), n. (Fort.)

Defn: A work consisting of two or more bastioned fronts, with their
outworks, covering an enceinte, a bridgehead, etc., and connected by
wings with the main work or the river bank.

CROW-QUILL
Crow"-quill` (kr"kwl`), n.

Defn: A quill of the crow, or a very fine pen made from such a quill.

CROWS
Crows (krz), n. pl.; sing. Crow. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians of the Dakota stock, living in Montana; --
also called Upsarokas.

CROW'S-FOOT
Crow's"-foot` (krz"ft`), n.; pl. Crow's-feet (-f.

1. pl.

Defn: The wrinkles that appear, as the effect of age or dissipation,
under and around the outer corners of the eyes. Tennyson.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A caltrop. [Written also crowfoot.]

3. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Bird's-mouth. [U.S.]

CROW-SILK
Crow"-silk` (kr"slk`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A filamentous fresh-water alga (Conferva rivularis of Linnaeus,
Rhizoclonium rivulare of Kutzing).

CROW'S-NEST
Crow's-nest` (krz"nst`), n. (Naut.)

Defn: A box or perch near the top of a mast, esp. in whalers, to
shelter the man on the lookout.

CROWSTEP
Crow"step` (kr"stp`), n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Corriestep.

CROWSTONE
Crow"stone` (kr"stn`), n. (Arch.)

Defn: The top stone of the gable end of a house. Halliwell.

CROWTH
Crowth (krouth), n.

Defn: An ancient musical instrument. See 4th Crowd.

CROWTOE
Crow"toe` (kr"t`), n. (Bot.)

1. The Lotus corniculatus. Dr. Prior.

2. An unidentified plant, probably the crowfoot. "The tufted
crowtoe." Milton.

CROW-TRODDEN
Crow"-trod`den (kr"trd`d'n), a.

Defn: Marked with crow's-feet, or wrinkles, about the eyes. [Poetic]
Do I look as if I were crow-trodden Beau. & FL.

CROYDON
Croy"don, n. [From Croydon, England.]

1.

Defn: A kind of carriage like a gig, orig. of wicker-work.

2.  A kind of cotton sheeting; also, a calico.

CROYLSTONE
Croyl"stone` (kroil"stn`), n. (Min.)

Defn: Crystallized cawk, in which the crystals are small.

CROYS
Croys (krois), n.

Defn: See Cross, n. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CROZE
Croze (krz), n. Etym: [Cf. Cross, and Crosier.]

Defn: A cooper's tool for making the grooves for the heads of casks,
etc.; also, the groove itself.

CROZIER
Cro"zier (kr"zhr), n.

Defn: See Crosier.

CROZIERED
Cro"ziered (-zhrd), a.

Defn: Crosiered.

CRUCIAL
Cru"cial (kr"shal), a. Etym: [F. crucial, fr. L. crux, crucis, cross,
torture. See Cross.]

1. Having the form of a cross; appertaining to a cross; cruciform;
intersecting; as, crucial ligaments; a crucial incision.

2. Severe; trying or searching, as if bringing to the cross;
decisive; as, a crucial test.

CRUCIAN CARP
Cru"cian carp` (-shan krp`). Etym: [Cf. Sw. karussa, G. karausche, F.
carousse, -assin, corassin, LL. coracinus, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of European carp (Carasius vulgaris), inferior to the
common carp; -- called also German carp.

Note: The gibel or Prussian carp is now generally considered a
variety of the crucian carp, or perhaps a hybrid between it and the
common carp.

CRUCIATE
Cru"ci*ate (kr"sh-t or -sht; 106), a. Etym: [L. cruciatus, p. p. of
cruciare to crucify, torture, fr. crux, crucis, a cross. See Cross.]

1. Tormented. [Obs.] Bale.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the leaves or petals arranged in the form of a cross;
cruciform.

CRUCIATE
Cru"ci*ate (kr"sh-t), v. t.

Defn: To torture; to torment. [Obs.] See Excruciate. Bale.

CRUCIATION
Cru`ci*a"tion (kr`sh-"shn), n. Etym: [LL. cruciatio.]

Defn: The act of torturing; torture; torment. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

CRUCIBLE
Cru"ci*ble (kr"s-b'l), n. Etym: [LL. crucubulum a hanging lamp, an
earthen pot for melting metals (cf. OF. croisel, creuseul, sort of
lamp, crucible, F. creuset crucible), prob. of German origin; cf.
OHG. kr, LG. kr, hanging lamp, kroos, kruus, mug, jug, jar, D. kroes
cup, crucible, Dan. kruus, Sw. krus, E. cruse. It was confused with
derivatives of L. crux cross (cf. Crosslet), and crucibles were said
to have been marked with a cross, to prevent the devil from marring
the chemical operation. See Cruse, and cf. Cresset.]

1. A vessel or melting pot, composed of some very refractory
substance, as clay, graphite, platinum, and used for melting and
calcining substances which require a strong degree of heat, as
metals, ores, etc.

2. A hollow place at the bottom of a furnace, to receive the melted
metal.

3. A test of the most decisive kind; a severe trial; as, the crucible
of affliction. Hessian crucible (Chem.), a cheap, brittle, and
fragile, but very refractory crucible, composed of the finest fire
clay and sand, and commonly used for a single heating; -- named from
the place of manufacture.

CRUCIBLE STEEL
Cru"ci*ble steel.

Defn: Cast steel made by fusing in crucibles crude or scrap steel,
wrought iron, and other ingredients and fluxes.

CRUCIFER
Cru"ci*fer (-fr), n. Etym: [See Cruciferous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the order Cruciferæ.

CRUCIFEROUS
Cru*cif"er*ous (kr-sf"r-s), a. Etym: [L. crux, crucis, cross + -
ferous: cf. F. crucif.]

1. Bearing a cross.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a family of plants which have
four petals arranged like the arms of a cross, as the mustard,
radish, turnip, etc.

CRUCIFIER
Cru"ci*fi`er (kr"s-f`r), n.

Defn: One who crucifies; one who subjects himself or another to a
painful trial.

CRUCIFIX
Cru"ci*fix (kr"s-fks), n.; pl. Crucifixes (-. Etym: [F. crucifix or
LL. crucifixum, fr. L. crux, crucis, cross + figere, fixum, to fix.
See Cross, and Fix, and cf. Crucify.]

1. A representation in art of the figure of Christ upon the cross;
esp., the sculptured figure affixed to a real cross of wood, ivory,
metal, or the like, used by the Roman Catholics in their devotions.
The cross, too, by degrees, become the crucifix. Milman.
And kissing oft her crucifix, Unto the block she drew. Warner.

2. The cross or religion of Christ. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

CRUCIFIXION
Cru`ci*fix"ion (kr`s-fk"shn), n.

1. The act of nailing or fastening a person to a cross, for the
purpose of putting him to death; the use of the cross as a method of
capital punishment.

2. The state of one who is nailed or fastened to a cross; death upon
a cross.

3. Intense suffering or affliction; painful trial.
Do ye prove What crucifixions are in love Herrick.

CRUCIFORM
Cru"ci*form (kr"s-frm), a. Etym: [L. crux, crucis, cress + -form: cf.
F. cruciforme.]

Defn: Cross-shaped; (Bot.) having four parts arranged in the form of
a cross.

CRUCIFY
Cru"ci*fy (-f), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crucified (-fd); p. pr. & vb.n.
Crucifying.] Etym: [F. crucifier, fr. (assumed) LL. crucificare, for
crucifigere, fr, L. crux, crucis, cross + figere to fix, the ending -
figere being changed to -ficare, F. -fier (in compounds), as if fr.
L. facere to do, make. See Cross, and Fix, and cf. Crucifix.]

1. To fasten to a cross; to put to death by nailing the hands and
feet to a cross or gibbet.
They cried, saying, Crucify him, cricify him. Luke xxiii. 21.

2. To destroy the power or ruling influence of; to subdue completely;
to mortify.
They that are Christ's have crucified the flesh, with the affections
and lusts. Gal. v. 24.

3. To vex or torment. Beau. & FL.

CRUCIGEROUS
Cru*cig"er*ous (kr-sj"r-s), a. Etym: [L. crux, cricis, cross + -
gerous.]

Defn: Bearing the cross; marked with the figure of a cross. Sir. T.
Browne.

CRUD
Crud (krd), n.

Defn: See Curd. [Obs.]

CRUDDLE
Crud"dle (-d'l), v. i.

Defn: To curdle. [Obs.]
See how thy blood cruddles at this. Bea

CRUDE
Crude (krd), a. [Compar. Cruder (-r); superl. Crudest.] Etym: [L.
crudus raw; akin to cruor blood (which flows from a wound). See Raw,
and cf. Cruel.]

1. In its natural state; not cooked or prepared by fire or heat;
undressed; not altered, refined, or prepared for use by any
artificial process; raw; as, crude flesh. "Common crude salt." Boyle.
Molding to its will each successive deposit of the crude materials.
I. Taylor.

2. Unripe; not mature or perfect; immature.
I come to pluck your berries harsh and crude. Milton.

3. Not reduced to order or form;unfinished; not arranged or prepared;
ill-considered; immature. "Crudeprojects." Macualay.
Crude, undigested masses of suggestion, furnishing rather raw
materials for composition. De Quincey.
The originals of Nature in their crude Conception. Milton.

4. Undigested; unconcocted; not brought into a form to give
nourishment. "Crude and inconcoct." Bacon.

5. Having, or displaying, superficial and undigested knowledge;
without culture or profudity; as, a crude reasoner.

6. (Paint.)

Defn: Harsh and offensive, as a color; tawdry or in bad taste, as a
combination of colors, or any design or work of art.

CRUDELY
Crude"ly, adv.

Defn: In a crude, immature manner.

CRUDENESS
Crude"ness, n.

Defn: A crude, undigested, or unprepared state; rawness; unripeness;
immatureness; unfitness for a destined use or purpose; as, the
crudeness of iron ore; crudeness of theories or plans.

CRUDITY
Cru"di*ty (kr"d-t), n.; pl. Crudities (-t. Etym: [L. cruditas, fr.
crudus: cf. F. crudit. See Crude.]

1. The condition of being crude; rawness.

2. That which is in a crude or undigested state; hence, superficial,
undigested views, not reduced to order or form. "Cridities in the
stomach." Arbuthnot.

CRUDLE
Cru"dle (-d'l), v. i.

Defn: See Cruddle.

CRUDY
Crud"y (krd"), a. Etym: [From Crud.]

Defn: Coagulated. [Obs.]
His cruel wounds with crudy blood congealed. Spenser.

CRUDY
Cru"dy (kr"d), a. Etym: [From Crude.]

Defn: Characterized by crudeness; raw. [Obs.]
The foolish and dull and crudy vapors. Shak.

CRUEL
Cru"el (kr"l), n.

Defn: See Crewel.

CRUEL
Cru"el (kr*"l), a. Etym: [F. cruel, fr. L. crudelis, fr. crudus. See
Crude.]

1. Disposed to give pain to others; willing or pleased to hurt,
torment, or afflict; destitute of sympathetic kindness and pity;
savage; inhuman; hard-hearted; merciless.
Behold a people cometh from the north country; . . . they are cruel
and have no mercy. Jer. vi. 22,23.

2. Causing, or fitted to cause, pain, grief, or misery.
Cruel wars, wasting the earth. Milton.
Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; and their wrath for it was
cruel. Gen. xlix. 7.

3. Attended with cruetly; painful; harsh.
You have seen cruel proof of this man's strength. Shak.

CRUELLY
Cru"el*ly, adv.

1. In a cruel manner.

2. Extremly; very. [Colloq.] Spectator.

CRUELNESS
Cru"el*ness, n.

Defn: Cruelty. [Obs.] Spenser.

CRUELS
Cru"els (kr"lz), n. pl. Etym: [Corrupt. fr. F. scrofula.]

Defn: Glandular scrofulous swellings in the neck.

CRUELTY
Cru"el*ty (-t), n.; pl. Cruelties (-t. Etym: [OF. cruelt, F. cruaut,
fr. L. crudelitas, fr. crudelis. See Cruel.]

1. The attribute or quality of being cruel; a disposition to give
unnecessary pain or suffering to others; inhumanity; barbarity.
Pierced through the heart with your stern cruelty. Shak.

2. A cruel and barbarous deed; inhuman treatment; the act of
willfully causing unnecessary pain.
Cruelties worthy of the dungeons of the Inquisition.
Macualay.

CRUENTATE
Cru"en*tate (kr"n-tt), a. Etym: [L. cruentatus, p. p. of cruentare to
make bloody, fr. cruentus bloody, fr. cruor. See Crude.]

Defn: Smeared with blood. [Obs.] Glanwill.

CRUENTOUS
Cru*en"tous (kr-n"ts), a. Etym: [L. cruentus.]

Defn: Bloody; cruentate. [Obs.]

CRUET
Cru"et, n. Etym: [Anglo-French cruet, a dim. from OF. crue, cruie; of
German or Celtic origin, and akin to E. crock an earthen vessel.]

1. A bottle or vessel; esp., aviai or small glass bottle for holding
vinegar, oil, pepper, or the like, for the table; a caster. Swift.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A vessel used to hold wine, oil, or water for the service of
the altar. Cruet stand, a frame for holding cruets; a caster.

CRUISE
Cruise (krs), n.

Defn: See Cruse, a small bottle.

CRUISE
Cruise (krz), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cruised (krzd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cruising.] Etym: [D. kruisen to move crosswise or in a zigzag, to
cruise, fr. kruis cross, fr. OF. crois, croiz, F. croix, or directly
fr. OF. croisier, F. croiser, to cross, cruise, fr. crois a cross.
See Cross.]

1. To sail back and forth on the ocean; to sail, as for the potection
of commerce, in search of an enemy, for plunder, or for pleasure.

Note: A ship cruises in any particular sea or ocean; as, in the
Baltic or in the Atlantic. She cruises off any cape; as, off the
Lizard; off Ushant. She cruises on a coast; as, on the coast of
Africa. A priate cruises to seize vessels; a yacht cruises for the
pleasure of the owner.
Ships of war were aent to cruise near the isle of Bute. Macualay.
'Mid sands, and rocks, and storms to cruise for pleasure. Young.

2. To wander hither and thither on land. [Colloq.]

CRUISE
Cruise, n.

Defn: A voyage made in various directions, as of an armed vessel, for
the protection of other vessels, or in search of an enemy; a sailing
to and fro, as for exploration or for pleasure.
He feigned a compliance with some of his men, who were bent upon
going a cruise to Manilla. Dampier.

CRUISER
Cruis"er (kr"zr), n.

Defn: One who, or a vessel that, cruises; -- usually an armed vessel.

CRUIVE
Cruive (krv), n.

Defn: A kind of weir or dam for trapping salmon; also, a hovel.
[Scot.]

CRULL
Crull (krl), a. Etym: [SeeCurl.]

Defn: Curly; curled. [Obs.]

CRULLER
Crul"ler (krl"lr), n. Etym: [Cf. Curl.]

Defn: A kind of sweet cake cut in strips and curled or twisted, and
fried crisp in boiling fat. [Also written kruller.]

CRUMB
Crumb (krm), n. Etym: [AS. cruma, akin to D. kruim, G. krume; cf. G.
krauen to scratch, claw.] [Written also crum.]

1. A small fragment or piece; especially, a small piece of bread or
other food, broken or cut off.
Desiring to be fed with the crumbs which fell from the rich man's
table. Luke xvi. 21.

2. Fig.: A little; a bit; as, a crumb of comfort.

3. The soft part of bread.
Dust unto dust, what must be, must; If you can't get crumb, you'd
best eat crust. Old Song.
Crumb brush, a brush for sweeping crumbs from a table.
 -- To a crum, with great exactness; completely.

CRUMB
Crumb, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crumbed (krmd); p. pr. & vb.n. Crumbing
(krm"ng).]

Defn: To break into crumbs or small pieces with the fingers; as, to
crumb bread. [Written also crum.]

CRUMBCLOTH
Crumb"cloth` (-kl, n.

Defn: A cloth to be laid under a dining table to receive falling
fragments, and keep the carpet or floor clean. [Written also
crumcloth.]

CRUMBLE
Crum"ble (krm"b'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crumbled (-b'ld); p. pr. &
vb. n. Crumbling (-blng).] Etym: [Dim. of crumb, v. t., akin to D.
krimelen G. kr.]

Defn: To break into small pieces; to cause to fall in pieces.
He with his bare wand can unthread thy joints, And crumble all thy
sinews. Milton.

CRUMBLE
Crum"ble, v. i.

Defn: To fall into small pieces; to break or part into small
fragments; hence, to fall to decay or ruin; to become disintegrated;
to perish.
If the stone is brittle, it will crumble and pass into the form of
gravel. Arbuthnot.
The league deprived of its principal supports must soon crumble to
pieces. Prescott.

CRUMBLY
Crum"bly (-bl), a.

Defn: EAsily crumbled; friable; brittle. "The crumbly soil."
Hawthorne.

CRUMENAL
Cru"me*nal (kr"m-nal), n. Etym: [L. crumena purse.]

Defn: A purse. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

CRUMMABLE
Crum"ma*ble (krm"mA-b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being crumbed or broken into small pieces.

CRUMMY
Crum"my (krm"m), a.

1. Full of crumb or crumbs.

2. Soft, as the crumb of bread is; not crusty.

CRUMP
Crump (krmp), a. Etym: [AS. crumb stooping, bent down; akin to OHG.
chrumb, G. krumm, Dan. krum, D. krom, and E. cramp.]

1. Crooked; bent. [Obs.]
Crooked backs and crump shoulders. Jer. Taylor.

2. Hard or crusty; dry baked; as, a crump loaf. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Hallivell.

CRUMPET
Crump"et (krmp"t), n. Etym: [Prob. from W. crempog, crammwgth, a
pancake or fritter.]

Defn: A kind of large. thin muffin or cake, light and spongy, and
cooked on a griddle or spider.

CRUMPLE
Crum"ple (krm"p'l), v. t. [imp & p. p. Crumpled (-p'ld); p. pr. & vb.
n. Crumpling (-plng).] Etym: [Dim. fr. crump, a.]

Defn: To draw or press into wrinkles or folds to crush together; to
rumple; as, to crumple paper.
They crumpled it into all shapes, and diligently scanned every
wrinkle that could be made. Addison.

CRUMPLE
Crum"ple, v. i.

Defn: To contract irregularly; to show wrinkless after being crushed
together; as, leaves crumple.

CRUMPY
Crump"y (krmp"Y), a.

Defn: Brittle; crisp. Wright.

CRUNCH
Crunch (krnch), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Crunched (krncht); p. pr. & vb.
n. Crunching.] Etym: [Prob. of imitative origin; or cf. D. schransen
to eat heartily, or E. scrunch.]

1. To chew with force and noise; to craunch.
And their white tusks crunched o'er the whiter skull. Byron.

2. To grind or press with violence and noise.
The ship crunched through the ice. Kane.

3. To emit a grinding or craunching noise.
The crunching and ratting of the loose stones. H. James.

CRUNCH
Crunch, v. t.

Defn: To crush with the teeth; to chew with a grinding noise; to
craunch; as, to crunch a biscuit.

CRUNK; CRUNKLE
Crunk (krnk), Crun"kle (krn"k'l), v. i. Etym: [Cf. Icel. kr to
croak.]

Defn: To cry like a crane. [Obs.] "The crane crunketh." Withals
(1608).

CRUNODAL
Cru*no"dal (kr-n"dal), a. (Geom.)

Defn: Possessing, or characterized by, a crunode; -- used of curves.

CRUNODE
Cru"node (kr"nd), n. Etym: [Prob. fr. L. crux a cross + E. node.]
(Geom.)

Defn: A point where one branch of a curve crosses another branch. See
Double point, under Double, a.

CRUOR
Cru"or (kr"r), n. Etym: [L., blood. See Crude.]

Defn: The coloring matter of the blood; the clotted portion of
coagulated blood, containing the coloring matter; gore.

CRUORIN
Cru"o*rin (--rn), n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The coloring matter of the blood in the living animal;
hæmoglobin.

CRUP
Crup (krp), a. Etym: [Cf. OHG. grop, G. grob, coarse.]

Defn: Short; brittle; as, crup cake. Todd.

CRUP
Crup (krp), n.

Defn: See Croup, the rump of a horse.

CRUPPER
Crup"per (krp"pr in U.S.; krp"r in Eng.), n. Etym: [F. croupi, fr.
croupe. See Croup the rump of a horse.] [Written also crouper.]

1. The buttocks or rump of a horse.

2. A leather loop, passing under a horse's tail, and buckled to the
saddle to keep it from slipping forwards.

CRUPPER
Crup"per, v. t.

Defn: To fit with a crupper; to place a crupper upon; as, to crupper
a horse.

CRURA
Cru"ra (kr"r), n. pl. (Anat.)

Defn: See Crus.

CRURAL
Cru"ral (-ral), a. Etym: [L. cruralis, fr. crus, cruris, leg: cf. F.
crural.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the thigh or leg, or to any of the parts
called crura; as, the crural arteries; crural arch; crural canal;
crural ring.

CRUS
Crus (krs), n.; pl. Crura (kr. Etym: [L., the leg.] (Anat.)
(a) That part of the hind limb between the femur, or thigh, and the
ankle, or tarsus; the shank.
(b) Often applied, especially in the plural, to parts which are
supposed to resemble a pair of legs; as, the crura of the diaphragm,
a pair of muscles attached to it; crura cerebri, two bundles of nerve
fibers in the base of the brain, connecting the medulla and the
forebrain.

CRUSADE
Cru*sade" (kr-sd"), n. Etym: [F. croisade, fr. Pr. crozada, or Sp
cruzada, or It. crociata, from a verb signifying to take the cross,
mark one's self with a cross, fr. L. crux cross; or possibly taken
into English directly fr. Pr. Cf. Croisade, Crosado, and see Cross.]

1. Any one of the military expeditions undertaken by Christian
powers, in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries, for the recovery of
the Holy Land from the Mohammedans.

2. Any enterprise undertaken with zeal and enthusiasm; as, a crusade
against intemperance.

3. A Portuguese coin. See Crusado.

CRUSADE
Cru*sade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Crusaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Crusading.]

Defn: To engage in a crusade; to attack in a zealous or hot-headed
manner. "Cease crusading against sense." M. Green.

CRUSADER
Cru*sad"er (-s"dr), n.

Defn: One engaged in a crusade; as, the crusaders of the Middle Ages.
Azure-eyed and golden-haired, Forth the young crusaders fared.
Longfellow.

CRUSADING
Cru*sad"ing, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a crusade; as, a crusading spirit.

CRUSADO
Cru*sa"do (-s"d), n. Etym: [Pg. cruzado, fr. cruz, fr. L. crux. See
Crusade, 3.]

Defn: An old Portuguese coin, worth about seventy cents. [Written
also cruade.] Shak.

CRUSE
Cruse (krs), n. Etym: [Akin to LG. kruus, kroos, mug, jug, jar, D.
kroes, G. krause, Icel. krus, Sw. krus, Dan. kruus. Cf. Crucible,
Cresset.]

1. A cup or dish.
Take with thee . . . a cruse of honey. 1 Kings xiv. 3.

2. A bottle for holding water, oil, honey, etc.
So David took . . . the cruse of water. 1 Sam. xxvi. 12.

CRUSET
Cru"set (kr"st), n. Etym: [Cf. F. creuset. See Cruse, Crucible.]

Defn: A goldsmith's crucible or melting pot.

CRUSH
Crush (krsh), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crushed (krsht); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crushing.] Etym: [OE. cruschen, crousshen, Of. cruisir, croissir, fr.
LL. cruscire, prob. of Ger. origin, from a derivative of the word
seen in Goth. kruistan to gnash; akin to Sw. krysta to squeeze, Dan.
kryste, Icel. kreysta.]

1. To press or bruise between two hard bodies; to squeeze, so as to
destroy the natural shape or integrity of the parts, or to force
together into a mass; as, to crush grapes.
Ye shall not offer unto the Lord that which is bruised, or crushed,
or broken, or cut. Lev. xxii. 24.
The ass . . . thrust herself unto the wall, and crushed Balaam's foot
against the wall. Num. xxii. 25.

2. To reduce to fine particles by pounding or grinding; to comminute;
as, to crush quartz.

3. To overwhelm by pressure or weight; to beat or force down, as by
an incumbent weight.
To crush the pillars which the pile sustain. Dryden.
Truth, crushed to earth, shall rise again. Bryant.

4. To oppress or burden grievously.
Thou shalt be only oppressed and crushed alway. Deut. xxviii. 33.

5. To overcome completely; to subdue totally.
Speedily overtaking and crushing the rebels. Sir. W. Scott.
To crush a cup, to drink. [Obs.] -- To crush out. (a) To force out or
separate by pressure, as juice from grapes. (b) To overcome or
destroy completely; to suppress.

CRUSH
Crush (krsh), v. i.

Defn: To be or become broken down or in, or pressed into a smaller
compass, by external weight or force; as, an eggshell crushes easily.

CRUSH
Crush, n.

1. A violent collision or compression; a crash; destruction; ruin.
The wreck of matter, and the crush of worlds. Addison.

2. Violent pressure, as of a crowd; a crowd which produced
uncomfortable pressure; as, a crush at a peception. Crush hat, a hat
which collapses, and can be carried under the arm, and when expanded
is held in shape by springs; hence, any hat not injured by
compressing.
 -- Crush room, a large room in a theater, opera house, etc., where
the audience may promenade or converse during the intermissions; a
foyer.
Politics leave very little time for the bow window at White's in the
day, or for the crush room of the opera at night. Macualay.

CRUSHER
Crush"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, crushes. Crusher gauge, an instrument
for measuring the explosive force of gunpowder, etc., by its effect
in compressing a piece of metal.

CRUSHING
Crush"ing, a.

Defn: That crushes; overwhelming. "The blow must be quick and
crushing." Macualay.

CRUST
Crust (krst), n. Etym: [L. crusta: cf. OF. crouste, F. cro; prob.
akin to Gr. crystal, from the same root as E. crude, raw. See Raw,
and cf. Custard.]

1. The hard external coat or covering of anything; the hard exterior
surface or outer shell; an incrustation; as, a crust of snow.
I have known the statute of an emperor quite hid under a crust of
dross. Addison.
Below this icy crust of conformity, the waters of infidelity lay dark
and deep as ever. Prescott.

2. (Cookery)
(a) The hard exterior or surface of bread, in distinction from the
soft part or crumb; or a piece of bread grown dry or hard.
(b) The cover or case of a pie, in distinction from the soft
contents.
(c) The dough, or mass of doughy paste, cooked with a potpie; -- also
called dumpling.
Th' impenetrable crust thy teeth defies. Dryden.
He that keeps nor crust nor crumb. Shak.
They . . . made the crust for the venison pasty. Macualay.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: The exterior portion of the earth, formerly universally
supposed to inclose a molten interior.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The shell of crabs, lobsters, etc.

5. (Med.)

Defn: A hard mass, made up of dried secretions blood, or pus,
occurring upon the surface of the body.

6. An incrustation on the interior of wine bottles, the result of the
ripening of the wine; a deposit of tartar, etc. See Beeswing.

CRUST
Crust, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Crusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Crusting.] Etym:
[Cf. OF. crouster, L. crustare. See Crust, n. ]

Defn: To cover with a crust; to cover or line with an incrustation;
to incrust.
The whole body is crusted over with ice. Boyle.
And now their legs, and breast, and bodies stood Crusted with bark.
Addison.
Very foul and crusted bottles. Swift.
Their minds are crusted over, like diamonds in the rock. Felton.

CRUST
Crust, v. i.

Defn: To gather or contract into a hard crust; to become incrusted.
The place that was burnt . . . crusted and healed. Temple.

CRUSTA
Crus"ta (krs"t), n. Etym: [L., shell, crust, inlaid work.]

1. A crust or shell.

2. A gem engraved, or a plate embossed in low relief, for inlaying a
vase or other object.

CRUSTACEA
Crus*ta"ce*a (krs-t"sh-), n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl. of NL. crustaceus
pert. to the crust or shell, from L. crusta the hard surfsce of a
body, rind, shell.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the classes of the arthropods, including lobsters and
crabs; -- so called from the crustlike shell with which they are
covered.

Note: The body usually consists of an anterior part, made up of the
head and thorax combined, called the cephalothorax, and of a
posterior jointed part called the abdomen, postabdomen, and
(improperly) tail. They breathe by means of gills variously attached
to some of the limbs or to the sides the body, according to the
group. They are divisible into two subclasses, Entomostraca and
Malacostraca, each of which includes several orders.

CRUSTACEAN
Crus*ta"cean (krs-t"shan; 97), a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Crustacea; crustaceous.
 -- n.

Defn: An animal belonging to the class Crustacea.

CRUSTACEOLOGICAL
Crus*ta`ce*o*log"ic*al (-sh--lj"-kal), a.

Defn: Pertaining to crustaceology.

CRUSTACEOLOGIST
Crus*ta`ce*ol"o*gist (-ll"-jst), n.

Defn: One versed in crustaceology; a crustalogist.

CRUSTACEOLOGY
Crus*ta`ce*ol"o*gy (-j), n. Etym: [Crustacea + -logy.]

Defn: That branch of Zoölogy which treats of the Crustacea;
malacostracology; carcinology.

CRUSTACEOUS
Crus*ta"ceous (krs-t"shs; 97), a. Etym: [NL. crustaceous. See
crustacea.]

1. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, crust or shell; having a
crustlike shell.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Crustacea; crustacean.

CRUSTACEOUSNESS
Crus*ta"ceous*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being crustaceous or having a crustlike
shell.

CRUSTAL
Crust"al (krst"al), a.

Defn: Relating to a crust.

CRUSTALOGICAL
Crus`ta*log"ic*al (krs`t-lj"-kal), a.

Defn: Pertaining to crustalogy.

CRUSTALOGIST
Crus*tal"o*gist (-t, n.

Defn: One versed in crustalogy.

CRUSTALOGY
Crus*tal"o*gy (krs-tl"-j), n. Etym: [L. crusta shell + -logy.]

Defn: Crustaceology.

CRUSTATED
Crus"ta*ted (krs"t-td), a. Etym: [L. crustatus, p. p. of crustare,
fr. crusta. See Crust.]

Defn: Covered with a crust; as, crustated basalt.

CRUSTATION
Crus*ta"tion (krs-t"shn), n.

Defn: An adherent crust; an incrustation. Pepys.

CRUSTED
Crust"ed (krst"d), a.

Defn: Incrusted; covered with, or containing, crust; as, old, crusted
port wine.

CRUSTIFIC
Crus*tif`ic (krs-tf"k), a. Etym: [L. crusta crust + -facere to make.]

Defn: Producing or forming a crust or skin. [R.]

CRUSTILY
Crust"i*ly (krst"-l*), adv.

Defn: In a crusty or surly manner; morosely.

CRUSTINESS
Crust"i*ness (--ns), n.

1. The state or quality of having crust or being like crust;
hardness.

2. The quality of being crusty or surly.
Old Christy forgot his usual crustiness. W. Irving.

CRUSTY
Crust"y (-), a.

1. Having the nature of crust; pertaining to a hard covering; as, a
crusty coat; a crusty surface or substance.

2. Etym: [Possibly a corruption of cursty. Cf. Curst, Curstness.]

Defn: Having a hard exterior, or a short, rough manner, though kind
at heart; snappish; peevish; surly.
Thou crusty batch of nature, what's the news Shak.

CRUT
Crut (krt), n. Etym: [Cf. F. cro crust.]

Defn: The rough, shaggy part of oak bark.

CRUTCH
Crutch (krch; 224), n.; pl. Crutches (-. Etym: [OE. cruche, AS.
crycc, cricc; akin to D. kruk, G. kr, Dan. krykke, Sw. krycka, and to
E. crook. See Crook, and cf. Cricket a low stool.]

1. A staff with a crosspiece at the head, to be placed under the arm
or shoulder, to support the lame or infirm in walking.
I'll lean upon one crutch, and fight with the other. Shak.
Rhyme is a crutch that lifts the weak alone. H. Smith.

2. A form of pommel for a woman's saddle, consisting of a forked rest
to hold the leg of the rider.

3. (Naut.)
(a) A knee, or piece of knee timber.
(b) A forked stanchion or post; a crotch. See Crotch.

CRUTCH
Crutch, v. t.

Defn: To support on crutches; to prop up. [R.]
Two fools that crutch their feeble sense on verse. Dryden.

CRUTCHED
Crutched (krcht), a.

1. Supported upon crutches.

2. Etym: [See Crouch, v. t., and Crouched, a. ]

Defn: Marked with the sign of the cross; crouched. Crutched friar
(Eccl.), one of a religious order, so called because its members bore
the sign of the cross on their staves and habits; -- called also
crossed friar and crouched friar.

CRUTH
Cruth (krth), n. Etym: [W. crwth.] (Mus.)

Defn: See 4th Crowd.

CRUX
Crux (krks), n.; pl. E. Cruxes (-, L. Cruces (kr. Etym: [L., cross,
torture, trouble.]

Defn: Anything that is very puzzling or difficult to explain. Dr.
Sheridan.
The perpetual crux of New Testament chronologists. Strauss.

CRUX ANSATA
Crux an*sa"ta. [L., cross with a handle.]

Defn: A cross in the shape of the ankh.

CRUZADO
Cru*za"do (kr-z"d), n.

Defn: A coin. See Crusado.

CRWTH
Crwth (krth), n. Etym: [W.] (Mus)

Defn: See 4th Crowd.

CRY
Cry (kr), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cried (krd); p. pr. & vb. n. Crying.]
Etym: [F. crier, cf. L. quiritare to raise a plaintive cry, scream,
shriek, perh. fr. queri to complain; cf. Skr. cvas to pant, hiss,
sigh. Cf. Quarrel a brawl, Querulous.]

1. To make a loud call or cry; to call or exclaim vehemently or
earnestly; to shout; to vociferate; to proclaim; to pray; to implore.
And about the ninth hour, Jesus cried with a loud voice. Matt. xxvii.
46.
Clapping their hands, and crying with loud voice. Shak.
Hear the voice of my supplications when I cry unto thee. Ps. xxviii.
2.
The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of
the Lord. Is. xl. 3.
Some cried after him to return. Bunyan.

2. To utter lamentations; to lament audibly; to express pain, grief,
or distress, by weeping and sobbing; to shed tears; to bawl, as a
child.
Ye shall cry for sorrow of heart. Is. lxv. 14.
I could find it in my heart to disgrace my man's apparel and to cry
like a woman. Shak.

3. To utter inarticulate sounds, as animals.
The young ravens which cry. Ps. cxlvii. 9.
In a cowslip's bell I lie There I couch when owls do cry. Shak.
To cry on or upon, to call upon the name of; to beseech."No longer on
Saint Denis will we cry." Shak.
 -- To cry out. (a) To exclaim; to vociferate; to scream; to clamor.
(b) To complain loudly; to lament.
 -- To cry out against, to complain loudly of; to censure; to blame.
 -- To cry out on or upon, to denounce; to censure. "Cries out upon
abuses." Shak.
 -- To cry to, to call on in prayer; to implore.
 -- To cry you mercy, to beg your pardon. "I cry you mercy, madam;
was it you" Shak.

CRY
Cry, v. t.

1. To utter loudly; to call out; to shout; to sound abroad; to
declare publicly.
All, all, cry shame against ye, yet I 'll speak. Shak.
The man . . . ran on,crying, Life! life! Eternal life! Bunyan.

2. To cause to do something, or bring to some state, by crying or
weeping; as, to cry one's self to sleep.

3. To make oral and public proclamation of; to declare publicly; to
notify or advertise by outcry, especially things lost or found, goods
to be sold, ets.; as, to cry goods, etc.
Love is lost, and thus she cries him. Crashaw.

4. Hence, to publish the banns of, as for marriage.
I should not be surprised if they were cried in church next Sabbath.
Judd.
To cry aim. See under Aim.
 -- To cry down, to decry; to depreciate; to dispraise; to condemn.
Men of dissolute lives cry down religion, because they would not be
under the restraints of it. Tillotson.
-- To cry out, to proclaim; to shout."Your gesture cries it out."
Shak.
 -- To cry quits, to propose, or declare, the abandonment of a
contest.
 -- To cry up, to enhance the value or reputation of by public and
noisy praise; to extol; to laud publicly or urgently.

CRY
Cry (kr), n.; pl. Cries (kr. Etym: [F. cri, fr. crier to cry. See
Cry, v. i. ]

1. A loud utterance; especially, the inarticulate sound produced by
one of the lower animals; as, the cry of hounds; the cry of wolves.
Milton.

2. Outcry; clamor; tumult; popular demand.
Again that cry was found to have been as unreasonable as ever.
Macaulay.

3. Any expression of grief, distress, etc., accompanied with tears or
sobs; a loud sound, uttered in lamentation.
There shall be a great cry throughout all the land. Ex. xi. 6.
An infant crying in the night, An infant crying for the light; And
with no language but a cry. Tennyson.

4. Loud expression of triumph or wonder or of popular acclamation or
favor. Swift.
The cry went once on thee. Shak.

5. Importunate supplication.
O, the most piteous cry of the poor souls. Shak.

6. Public advertisement by outcry; proclamation, as by hawkers of
their wares.
The street cries of London. Mayhew.

7. Common report; fame.
The cry goes that you shall marry her. Shak.

8. A word or phrase caught up by a party or faction and repeated for
effect; as, the party cry of the Tories.
All now depends upon a good cry. Beaconsfield.

9. A pack of hounds. Milton.
A cry more tunable Was never hollaed to, nor cheered with horn. Shak.

10. A pack or company of persons; -- in contempt.
Would not this . . . get me a fellowship in a cry of players Shak.

11. The cracklling noise made by block tin when it is bent back and
forth. A far cry, a long distance; -- in allusion to the sending of
criers or messengers through the territory of a Scottish clan with an
announcement or summons.

CRYAL
Cry"al (kr"al), n. Etym: [Cf. W. creyr, cryr, crychydd. Cf. Cruer a
hawk.]

Defn: The heron [Obs.] Ainsworth.

CRYER
Cry"er (-r), n. Etym: [F. faucon gruyer a falcon trained to fly at
the crane, fr. crye crane, fr. L. crus crane. Cf. Cryal.]

Defn: The female of the hawk; a falcon-gentil.

CRYING
Cry"ing, a.

Defn: Calling for notice; compelling attention; notorious; heinous;
as, a crying evil.
Too much fondness for meditative retirement is not the crying sin of
our modern Christianity. I. Taylor.

CRYOHYDRATE
Cry`o*hy"drate (kr`-h"drt), n. Etym: [Gr. hydrate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A substance, as salt, ammonium chloride, etc., which
crystallizes with water of crystallization only at low temperatures,
or below the freezing point of water. F. Guthrie.

CRYOLITE
Cry"o*lite (kr"-lt), n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. cryolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A fluoride of sodium and aluminum, found in Greenland, in white
cleavable masses; -- used as a source of soda and alumina.

CRYOMETER
Cry*om"e*ter, n. [Gr.  cold, frost + -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: A thermometer for the measurement of low temperatures, esp.
such an instrument containing alcohol or some other liquid of a lower
freezing point than mercury.

CRYOPHORUS
Cry*oph"o*rus (kr-f"-rs), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: An instrument used to illustrate the freezing of water by its
own evaporation. The ordinary form consist of two glass bulbs,
connected by a tube of the same material, and containing only a
quantity of water and its vapor, devoid of air. The water is in one
of the bulbs, and freezes when the other is cooled below 32º Fahr.

CRYPT
Crypt (krpt), n. Etym: [L. crypta vault, crypt, Gr. Crot, Crotto.]

1. A vault wholly or partly under ground; especially, a vault under a
church, whether used for burial purposes or for a subterranean chapel
or oratory.
Priesthood works out its task age after age, . . . treasuring in
convents and crypts the few fossils of antique learning. Motley.
My knees are bowed in crypt and shrine. Tennyson.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A simple gland, glandular cavity, or tube; a follicle; as, the
cryps of Lieberk.

CRYPTAL
Crypt"al (-al), a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to crypts.

CRYPTIC; CRYPTICAL
Cryp"tic (krp"tk), Cryp"tic*al (-t-kal), a. Etym: [L. crypticus, Gr.

Defn: Hidden; secret; occult. "Her [nature's] more cryptic ways of
working." Glanvill.

CRYPTICALLY
Cryp"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Secretly; occultly.

CRYPTIDINE
Cryp"ti*dine (krp"t-dn; 104), n. Etym: [Gr. krypto`s hidden.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the quinoline bases, obtained from coal tar as an oily
liquid, C11H11N; also, any one of several substances metameric with,
and resembling, cryptidine proper.

CRYPTOBRANCHIATA
Cryp`to*bran`chi*a"ta (krp`t-bra`k-"t), n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
krypto`s hidden + L. branchia a gill.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A division of the Amphibia; the Derotremata.
(b) A group of nudibranch mollusks.

CRYPTOBRANCHIATE
Cryp`to*bran"chi*ate (-br"k-t), a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having concealed or rudimentary gills.

CRYPTOCRYSTALLINE
Cryp`to*crys"tal*line (-krs"tal-ln), a. Etym: [Gr. krypto`s hidden +
E. crystalline.] (Geol.)

Defn: Indistinctly crystalline; -- applied to rocks and minerals,
whose state of aggregation is so fine that no distinct particles are
visible, even under the microscope.

CRYPTOGAM
Cryp"to*gam (krp"t-gm), n. Etym: [Cf. F. cryptogame. See
Cryptogamia.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant belonging to the Cryptogamia. Henslow.

CRYPTOGAMIA
Cryp`to*ga"mi*a (krp`t-g"m-), n.; pl. Cryptogamiæ (-. Etym: [NL., fr.
Gr. krypto`s hidden, secret + ga`mos marriage.] (Bot.)

Defn: The series or division of flowerless plants, or those never
having true stamens and pistils, but propagated by spores of various
kinds.

Note: The subdivisions have been variously arranged. The following
arrangement recognizes four classes: --I. Pteridophyta, or Vascular
Acrogens. These include Ferns, Equiseta or Scouring rushes,
Lycopodiaceæ or Club mosses, Selaginelleæ, and several other smaller
orders. Here belonged also the extinct coal plants called
Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, and Calamites. II. Bryophita, or Cellular
Acrogens. These include Musci, or Mosses, Hepaticæ, or Scale mosses
and Liverworts, and possibly Characeæ, the Stoneworts. III. Algæ,
which are divided into Florideæ, the Red Seaweeds, and the orders
Dictyoteæ, Oösporeæ, Zoösporeæ, Conjugatæ, Diatomaceæ, and
Cryptophyceæ. IV. Fungi. The molds, mildews, mushrooms, puffballs,
etc., which are variously grouped into several subclasses and many
orders. The Lichenes or Lichens are now considered to be of a mixed
nature, each plant partly a Fungus and partly an Alga.

CRYPTOGAMIAN; CRYPTOGAMIC; CRYPTOGAMOUS
Cryp`to*ga"mi*an (krp`t-g"m-an), Cryp`to*gam"ic (krp`t-gm"k),
Cryp*to"gam*ous a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the series Cryptogamia, or to plants of
that series.

CRYPTOGAMIST
Cryp*tog"a*mist (-mst), n.

Defn: One skilled in cryptogamic botany.

CRYPTOGRAM
Cryp"to*gram (krp"t-grm), n.

Defn: A cipher writing. Same as Cryptograph.

CRYPTOGRAPH
Cryp"to*graph (-grf), n. Etym: [Gr. krypto`s hidden + -graph: cf. F.
cryptographe.]

Defn: Cipher; something written in cipher. "Decipherers of
cryptograph." J. Earle.

CRYPTOGRAPHAL
Cryp*tog"ra*phal (krp-tg"r-fal), a.

Defn: Pertaining to cryptography; cryptographical. Boyle.

CRYPTOGRAPHER
Cryp*tog"ra*pher (krp-tg"r-fr), n.

Defn: One who writes in cipher, or secret characters.

CRYPTOGRAPHIC; CRYPTOGRAPHICAL
Cryp`to*graph"ic (krp`t-grf"k), Cryp`to*graph"ic*al (krp`t-grf"-kal),
a.

Defn: Relating to cryptography; written in secret characters or in
cipher, or with sympathetic ink.

CRYPTOGRAPHIST
Cryp*tog"ra*phist (krp-tg"r-fst), n.

Defn: Same as Cryptographer.

CRYPTOGRAPHY
Cryp*tog"ra*phy (-f), n. Etym: [Cf. F. cryptographie.]

Defn: The act or art of writing in secret characters; also, secret
characters, or cipher.

CRYPTOLOGY
Cryp*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. krypto`s hidden + -logy.]

Defn: Secret or enigmatical language. Johnson.

CRYPTONYM
Cryp"to*nym (krp"t-nm), n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A secret name; a name by which a person is known only to the
initiated.

CRYPTOPINE
Cryp"to*pine (krp"t-pn; 104), n. Etym: [Gr. krypto`s hidden + E.
opium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless crystalline alkaloid obtained in small quantities
from opium.

CRYPTURI
Cryp*tu"ri (krp-t"r), n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of flying, dromTinamou.

CRYSTAL
Crys"tal (krs"tal), n. Etym: [OE. cristal, F. cristal, L. crystallum
crystal, ice, fr. Gr. crystalla, fr. L. crystallum; prob. akin to E.
crust. See Crust, Raw.]

1. (Chem. & Min.)

Defn: The regular form which a substance tends to assume in
solidifying, through the inherent power of cohesive attraction. It is
bounded by plane surfaces, symmetrically arranged, and each species
of crystal has fixed axial ratios. See Crystallization.

2. The material of quartz, in crystallization transparent or nearly
so, and either colorless or slightly tinged with gray, or the like; -
- called also rock crystal. Ornamental vessels are made of it. Cf.
Smoky quartz, Pebble; also Brazilian pebble, under Brazilian.

3. A species of glass, more perfect in its composition and
manufacture than common glass, and often cut into ornamental forms.
See Flint glass.

4. The glass over the dial of a watch case.

5. Anything resembling crystal, as clear water, etc.
The blue crystal of the seas. Byron.
Blood crystal. See under Blood.
 -- Compound crystal. See under Compound.
 -- Iceland crystal, a transparent variety of calcite, or
crystallized calcium carbonate, brought from Iceland, and used in
certain optical instruments, as the polariscope.
 -- Rock crystal, or Mountain crystal, any transparent crystal of
quartz, particularly of limpid or colorless quartz.

CRYSTAL
Crys"tal, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or like, crystal; clear; transparent; lucid;
pellucid; crystalline.
Through crystal walls each little mote will peep. Shak.
By crystal streams that murmur through the meads. Dryden.
The crystal pellets at the touch congeal, And from the ground
rebounds the ratting hail. H. Brooks.

CRYSTALLIN
Crys"tal*lin (-ln), n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: See Gobulin.

CRYSTALLINE
Crys"tal*line (krs"tal-ln or -ln; 277), a. Etym: [L. crystallinus,
from Gr. cristallin. See Crystal.]

1. Consisting, or made, of crystal.
Mount, eagle, to my palace crystalline. Shak.

2. Formed by crystallization; like crystal in texture.
Their crystalline structure. Whewell.

3. Imperfectly crystallized; as, granite is only crystalline, while
quartz crystal is perfectlly crystallized.

4. Fig.: Resembling crystal; pure; transparent; pellucid. "The
crystalline sky." Milton. Crystalline heavens, or Crystalline
spheres, in the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, two transparent
spheres imagined to exist between the region of the fixed stars and
the primum mobile (or outer circle of the heavens, which by its
motion was supposed to carry round all those within it), in order to
explain certain movements of the heavently bodies.
 -- Crystalline lens (Anat.), the capsular lenslike body in the eye,
serving to focus the rays of light. It consists of rodlike cells
derived from the external embryonic epithelium.

CRYSTALLINE
Crys"tal*line, n.

1. A crystalline substance.

2. See Aniline. [Obs.]

CRYSTALLITE
Crys"tal*lite (krs"tal-lt), n. Etym: [See Crystal.] (Min.)

Defn: A minute mineral form like those common in glassy volcanic
rocks and some slags, not having a definite crystalline outline and
not referable to any mineral species, but marking the first step in
the crystallization process. According to their form crystallites are
called trichites, belonites, globulites, etc.

CRYSTALLIZABLE
Crys"tal*li`za*ble (krs"tal-l`z-b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being crystallized; that may be formed into
crystals.

CRYSTALLIZATION
Crys`tal*li*za"tion (krs`tal-l-z"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F.
cristallization.]

1. (Chem. & Min.)

Defn: The act or process by which a substance in solidifying assumes
the form and sructure of a crystal, or becomes crystallized.

2. The body formed by crystallizing; as, silver on precipitation
forms arborescent crystallizations.

Note: The systems of crystallization are the several classes to which
the forms are mathematically referable. They are most simply
described according to the relative lengths and inclinations of
certain assumed lines called axes; but the real distinction is the
degree of symmetry characterizing them. 1. The Isometric, or
Monometric, system has the axes all equal, as in the cube,
octahedron, etc. 2. The Tetragonal, or Dimetric, system has a varying
vertical axis, while the lateral are equal, as in the right square
prism. 3. The Orthorhombic, or Trimetric, system has the three axes
unequal, as in the rectangular and rhombic prism. In this system, the
lateral axes are called, respectively, macrodiagonal and
brachydiagonal.
 -- The preceding are erect forms, the axes intersecting at right
angles. The following are oblique. 4. The Monoclinic system, having
one of the intersections oblique, as in the oblique rhombic prism. In
this system, the lateral axes are called respectively, clinodiagonal
and orthodiagonal. 5. The Triclinic system, having all the three
intersections oblique, as in the oblique rhomboidal prism. There is
also: 6. The Hexagonal system (one division of which is called
Rhombohedral), in which there are three equal lateral axes, and a
vertical axis of variable length, as in the hexagonal prism and the
rhombohedron.

Note: The Diclinic system, sometimes recognized, with two oblique
intersections, is only a variety of the Triclinic.

CRYSTALLIZE
Crys"tal*lize (krs"tal-lz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crystallized (-lzd);
p. pr. & vb. n. Crystallizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. cristalliser. See
Crystal.]

Defn: To cause to form crystals, or to assume the crystalline form.

CRYSTALLIZE
Crys"tal*lize, v. i.

Defn: To be converted into a crystal; to take on a crystalline form,
through the action of crystallogenic or cohesive attraction.

CRYSTALLOGENIC; CRYSTALLOGENICAL
Crys`tal*lo*gen"ic (-l-jn"k), Crys`tal*lo*gen"ic*al (--kal), a.

Defn: Pertaining to the production of crystals; crystal-producing;
as, crystallogenic attraction.

CRYSTALLOGENY
Crys`tal*log"e*ny (krs`tal-lj"-n), n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science which pertains to the production of crystals.

CRYSTALLOGRAPHER
Crys`tal*log"ra*pher (krs`tal-lg"r-fr), n.

Defn: One who describes crystals, or the manner of their formation;
one versed in crystallography.

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC; CRYSTALLOGRAPHICAL
Crys`tal*lo*graph"ic (-l-grf"k), Crys`tal*lo*graph"ic*al (--kal), a.
Etym: [Cf. F. crystallographique.]

Defn: Pertaining to crystallography.

CRYSTALLOGRAPHICALLY
Crys`tal*lo*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of crystallography.

CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
Crys`tal*log"ra*phy (krs`tal-lg"r-f), n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F.
cristallographie. See Crystal.]

1. The doctrine or science of crystallization, teaching the system of
forms among crystals, their structure, and their methods of
formation.

2. A discourse or treatise on crystallization.

CRYSTALLOID
Crys"tal*loid (krs"tal-loid), a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Crystal-like; transparent like crystal.

CRYSTALLOID
Crys"tal*loid, n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A body which, in solution, diffuses readily through animal
membranes, and generally is capable of being crystallized; -- opposed
to colloid.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the microscopic particles resembling crystals,
consisting of protein matter, which occur in certain plant cells; --
called also protein crystal.

CRYSTALLOLOGY; CRISTALLOLOGY
Crys`tal*lol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of the crystalline structure of inorganic bodies.

CRYSTALLOMANCY
Crys"tal*lo*man`cy (-l-mn`s), n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by means of a crystal or other transparent body,
especially a beryl.

CRYSTALLOMETRY
Crys`tal*lom"e*try (-lm"-tr), n. Etym: [Gr. -metry.]

Defn: The art of measuring crystals.

CRYSTALLURGY
Crys"tal*lur`gy (-lr`j), n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Crystallizaton.

CTENOCYST
Cte"no*cyst (t"n-sst), n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An organ of the Ctenophora, supposed to be sensory.

CTENOID
Cte"noid (t"noid or tn"oid), a. (Zoöl.)
(a) Having a comblike margin, as a ctenoid scale.
(b) Pertaining to the Ctenoidei.
 -- n.

Defn: A ctenoidean.

CTENOIDEAN
Cte*noid"e*an (t-noid"-an), a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Relating to the Ctenoidei.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Ctenoidei.

CTENOIDEI
Cte*noid"e*i (--), n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of fishes, established by Agassiz, characterized by
having scales with a pectinated margin, as in the perch. The group is
now generally regarded as artificial.

CTENOPHORA
Cte*noph"o*ra (t-nf"-r), n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of Coelenterata, commonly ellipsoidal in shape,
swimming by means of eight longitudinal rows of paddles. The separate
paddles somewhat resemble combs.

CTENOPHORE
Cten"o*phore (tn"-fr), n.

Defn: (Zoöl.) One of the Ctenophora.

CTENOPHORIC; CTENOPHOROUS
Cten`o*phor"ic (tn`-fr"k), Cte*noph"o*rous (t-nf"-rs), a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ctenophora.

CTENOSTOMATA
Cten`o*stom"a*ta (tn`-stm"-t), n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Bryozoa, usually having a circle of bristles
below the tentacles.

CUB
Cub (kb), n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. cuib cub, whelp, young dog, Ir. & Gael.
cu dog; akin to E. hound.]

1. A young animal, esp. the young of the bear.

2. Jocosely or in contempt, a boy or girl, esp. an awkward, rude,
illmannered boy.
O, thuo dissembling cub! what wilt thou be When time hath sowed a
drizzle on thy case Shak.

CUB
Cub, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Cubbed (kp. pr. & vb. n. Cubbing.]

Defn: To bring forth; -- said of animals, or in contempt, of persons.
"Cubb'd in a cabin." Dryden.

CUB
Cub, n. Etym: [Cf. Cub a young animal.]

1. A stall for cattle. [Obs.]
I would rather have such . . . .in cubor kennel than in my closet or
at my table. Landor.

2. A cupboard. [Obs.] Laud.

CUB
Cub, v. t.

Defn: To shut up or confine. [Obs.] Burton.

CUBAN
Cu"ban (k"ban), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Cuba or its inhabitants.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Cuba.

CUBATION
Cu*ba"tion (k-b"shn), n. Etym: [L. cubatio, fr. cubare to lie down.]

Defn: The act of lying down; a reclining. [Obs.]

CUBATORY
Cu"ba*to*ry (k"b-t-r), a. Etym: [L. cubator he who lies down, fr.
cubare.]

Defn: Lying down; recumbent. [R.]

CUBATURE
Cu"ba*ture (k"b-tr; 135), n. Etym: [L. cubus cube: cf. F. cubature.
See Cube.]

Defn: The process of determining the solid or cubic contents of a
body.

CUBBRIDGE-HEAD
Cub"bridge-head` (kb"rjj-hd), n. (Naut.)

Defn: A bulkhead on the forecastle and half deck of a ship.

CUBBY; CUBBYHOLE
Cub"by (kb"b), Cub"by*hole` (-hl`), n. Etym: [See Cub a stall.]

Defn: A snug or confined place.

CUBDRAWN
Cub"*drawn` (kb"drn`), a.

Defn: Sucked by cubs. [R.]
This night, wherein the cub-drawn bear would couch. Shak.

CUBE
Cube (kb), n. Etym: [F. cube, L. cubus, fr. Gr.

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A regular solid body, with six equal square sides.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The product obtained by taking a number or quantity three times
as a factor; as, 4x4=16, and 16x4=64, the cube of 4. Cube ore (Min.),
pharmacosiderite. It commonly crystallizes in cubes of a green color.
 -- Cube root. (Math.), the number or quantity which, multiplied into
itself, and then into the product, produces the given cube; thus, 3
is the cube root of 27, for 3x3x3 = 27.
 -- Cube spar (Min.), anhydrite; anhydrous calcium sulphate.

CUBE
Cube, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cubed (kbd); p. pr. & vb. n. Cubing.]

Defn: To raise to the third power; to obtain the cube of.

CUBEB
Cu"beb (k"bb), n. Etym: [F. cub (cf. It. cubebe, Pr., Sp., Pg., & NL.
cubeba), fr. Ar. kab.]

Defn: The small, spicy berry of a species of pepper (Piper Cubeba; in
med., Cubeba officinalis), native in Java and Borneo, but now
cultivated in various tropical countries. The dried unripe fruit is
much used in medicine as a stimulant and purgative.

CUBEBIC
Cu*beb"ic (k-bb"k), a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, cubebs; as, cubebic acid (a
soft olive-green resin extracted from cubebs).

CUBHOOD
Cub"hood (kb"hd), n.

Defn: The state of being a cub. [Jocose] "From cubhood to old age."
W. B. Dawkins.

CUBIC; CUBICAL
Cu"bic (k"bk), Cu"bic*al (-b-kal), a. Etym: [L. cubicus, Gr. cubique.
See Cube.]

1. Having the form or properties of a cube; contained, or capable of
being contained, in a cube.

2. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Isometric or monometric; as, cubic cleavage. See
Crystallization. Cubic equation, an equation in which the highest
power of the unknown quantity is a cube.
 -- Cubic foot, a volume equivalent to a cubical solid which measures
a foot in each of its dimensions.
 -- Cubic number, a number produced by multiplying a number into
itself, and that product again by the same number. See Cube.
 -- Cubical parabola (Geom.), two curves of the third degree, one
plane, and one on space of three dimensions.

CUBIC
Cu"bic, n. (Geom.)

Defn: A curve of the third degree. Circular cubic. See under
Circular.

CUBICALLY
Cu"bic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a cubical method.

CUBICALNESS
Cu"bic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being cubical.

CUBICLE
Cu"bi*cle (k"b-k'l), n. Etym: [L. cubiculum.]

Defn: A loding room; esp., a sleeping place partitioned off from a
large dormitory.

CUBICULAR
Cu*bic"u*lar (k-k"-lr), a. Etym: [L. cubicularis, fr. cubiculum a
sleeping room, fr. cubare to lie down.]

Defn: Belonging to a chamber or bedroom. [Obs.] Howell.

CUBIFORM
Cu"bi*form (k"b-frm), a.

Defn: Of the form of a cube.

CUBILE
Cu*bi"le (k-b"l), n. Etym: [L., bed.]

Defn: The lowest course of stones in a building.

CUBILOSE
Cu"bi*lose` (k"b-ls`), n. Etym: [L. cubile bed, nest.]

Defn: A mucilagenous secretion of certain birds found as the
characteristic ingredient of edible bird's-nests.

CUBISM
Cu"bism (ku"biz'm), n. (Painting)

Defn: A movement or phase in post-impressionism (which see, below). -
- Cu"bist (#), n.

CUBIT
Cu"bit (k"bt), n. Etym: [L. cubitum, cubitus; elbow, ell, cubit, fr.
(because the elbow serves focubare to lie down, recline; cf. Gr.
Incumbent, Covey.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The forearm; the ulna, a bone of the arm extending from elbow
to wrist. [Obs.]

2. A measure of length, being the distance from the elbow to the
extremity of the middle finger.

Note: The cubit varies in length in different countries, the Roman
cubit being 17,47 inches, the Greek 18,20, the Hebrew somewhat
longer, and the English 18 inches.

CUBITAL
Cu"bit*al (k"bt-al), a. Etym: [L. cubitalis.]

1. Of or pertaining to the cubit or ulna; as, the cubital nerve; the
cubital artery; the cubital muscle.

2. Of the length of a cubit. Sir. T. Browne.

CUBITAL
Cu"bit*al, n.

Defn: A sleeve covering the arm from the elbow to the hand. Crabb.

CUBITED
Cu"bit*ed, a.

Defn: Having the measure of a cubit.

CUBLESS
Cub"less (kb"ls), a.

Defn: Having no cubs. Byron.

CUBOID
Cu"boid (k"boid), a. Etym: [Cube + -oid: cf. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Cube-shaped, or nearly so; as, the cuboid bone of the foot.
 -- n. (Anat.)

Defn: The bone of the tarsus, which, in man and most mammals,
supports the metatarsals of the fourth and fifth toes.

CUBOIDAL
Cu*boid"al (k-boid"al), a. (Anat.)

Defn: Cuboid.

CUBO-OCTAHEDRAL
Cu`bo-oc`ta*he"dral (k`b-k`t-hdral), a.

Defn: Presenting a combination of a cube and an octahedron.

CUBO-OCTAHEDRON
Cu`bo-oc`ta*he"dron (-drn), n. (Crystallog.)

Defn: A combination of a cube and octahedron, esp. one in which the
octahedral faces meet at the middle of the cubic edges.

CUCA
Cu"ca (k"k), n. Etym: [Sp., fr. native name.]

Defn: See Coca.

CUCKING STOOL
Cuck"ing stool` (k. Etym: [Cf. AS. scealfingstol, a word of similar
meaning, allied to scealfor a diver, mergus avis; or possibly from F.
coquine a hussy, slut, jade, f. of coquin, OE. cokin, a rascal; or
cf. Icel. k to dung, k dung, the name being given as to a disgracing
or infamous punishment.]

Defn: A kind of chair formerly used for punishing scolds, and also
dishonest tradesmen, by fastening them in it, usually in front of
their doors, to be pelted and hooted at by the mob, but sometimes to
be taken to the water and ducked; -- called also a castigatory, a
tumbrel, and a trebuchet; and often, but not so correctly, a ducking
stool. Sir. W. Scott.

CUCKOLD
Cuck"old (kk"ld), n. Etym: [OE. kukeweld, cokewold, cokold, fr. OF.
coucoul, cucuault, the last syllable being modified by the OE. suffix
-wold (see Herald); cf. F. cocu a cuckold, formerly also, a cuckoo,
and L. cuculus a cuckoo. The word alludes to the habit of the female
cuckoo, who lays her eggs in the nests of other birds, to be hatched
by them.]

1. A man whose wife is unfaithful; the husband of an adulteress.
Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A West Indian plectognath fish (Ostracion triqueter).
(b) The cowfish.

CUCKOLD
Cuck"old, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cuckolded;p. pr. & vb. n. Cuckolding.]

Defn: To make a cuckold of, as a husband, by seducing his wife, or by
her becoming an adulteress. Shak.

CUCKOLDIZE
Cuck"old*ize (-z), v. t.

Defn: To cuckold. Dryden.

CUCKOLDLY
Cuck"old*ly, a.

Defn: Having the qualities of a cuckold; mean-spirited; sneaking.
Shak.

CUCKOLDOM
Cuck"ol*dom (-l-dm), n.

Defn: The state of a cuckold; cuckolds, collectively. Addison.

CUCKOLDRY
Cuck"old*ry (-ld-r), n.

Defn: The state of being a cuckold; the practice of making cuckolds.

CUCKOLD'S KNOT
Cuck"old's knot` (kk"ldz nt`). (Naut.)

Defn: A hitch or knot, by which a rope is secured to a spar, the two
parts of the rope being crossed and seized together; -- called also
cuckold's neck. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

CUCKOO
Cuck"oo (kk"), n. Etym: [OE. coccou, cukkow, F. coucou, prob. of
imitative origin; cf. L. cuculus, Gr. k, G. kuckuk, D. koekoek.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird belonging to Cuculus, Coccyzus, and several allied
genera, of many species.

Note: The European cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) builds no nest of its
own, but lays its eggs in the nests of other birds, to be hatched by
them. The American yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus Americanus) and the
black-billed cuckoo (C. erythrophthalmus) build their own nests.
Cuckoo bee (Zool.), a bee, parasitic in the larval stage in the nests
of other bees, feeding either upon their food or larvae. They belong
to the genera Nomada, Melecta, Epeolus, and others.
 -- Cuckoo clock, a clock so constructed that at the time for
striking it gives forth sounds resembling the cry of the cuckoo.
 -- Cuckoo dove (Zoöl.), a long-tailed pigeon of the genus
Macropygia. Many species inhabit the East Indies.
 -- Cuckoo fish (Zoöl.), the European red gurnard (Trigla cuculus).
The name probably alludes to the sound that it utters.
 -- Cuckoo falcon (Zoöl.), any falcon of the genus Baza. The genus
inhabits Africa and the East Indies.
 -- Cuckoo maid (Zoöl.), the wryneck; -- called also cuckoo mate.
 -- Cuckoo ray (Zoöl.), a British ray (Raia miraletus).
 -- Cuckoo spit, or Cuckoo spittle. (a) A frothy secretion found upon
plants, exuded by the larvae of certain insects, for concealment; --
called also toad spittle and frog spit. (b) (Zoöl.) A small
hemipterous insect, the larva of which, living on grass and the
leaves of plants, exudes this secretion. The insects belong to
Aphrophora, Helochara, and allied genera.
 -- Ground cuckoo, the chaparral cock.

CUCKOOBUD
Cuck"oo*bud" (kk"-bd`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Ranunculus (R. bulbosus); -- called also
butterflower, buttercup, kingcup, goldcup. Shak.

CUCKOOFLOWER
Cuck"oo*flow`er (-flou`r), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Cardamine (C. pratensis), or lady's smock. Its
leaves are used in salads. Also, the ragged robin (Lychnis Flos-
cuculi).

CUCKOOPINT
Cuck"oo*pint` (-pnt`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Arum (A. maculatum); the European wake-
robin.

CUCQUEAN
Cuc"quean` (kk"kwn`), n. Etym: [Cuckold + quean.]

Defn: A woman whose husband is unfaithful to her. [Obs.]

CUCUJO
Cu*cu"jo (k-k"h), n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fire beetle of Mexico and the West Indies.

CUCULLATE; CUCULLATED
Cu"cul*late (k"kl-lt or k-kl"lt), Cu"cul*la`ted (-l`td or -l-td), a.
Etym: [LL. cullatus, fr. L. cucullus a cap, hood. See Cowl a hood.]

1. Hooded; cowled; covered, as with a hood. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the edges toward the base rolled inward, as the leaf of
the commonest American blue violet.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) Having the prothorax elevated so as to form a sort of hood,
receiving the head, as in certain insects.
(b) Having a hoodlike crest on the head, as certain birds, mammals,
and reptiles.

CUCULLUS
Cu*cul"lus, n.; pl. Cuculli (#). [L., a hood.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A hood-shaped organ, resembling a cowl or monk's hood, as
certain concave and arched sepals or petals.

2.  (Zoöl.) A color marking or structure on the head somewhat
resembling a hood.

CUCULOID
Cu"cu*loid (kk-loid), a. Etym: [L.cuculus a cuckoo + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or belonging to the cuckoos (Cuculidæ).

CUCUMBER
Cu"cum*ber (k`km-br, formerly kou"km-br), n.Etym: [OE. cucumer,
cocumber, cucumber, fr. L. cucmis, gen.cucumeris; cf. OF. cocombre,F.
concombre.] (Bot.)

Defn: A creeping plant, and its fruit, of several species of the
genus Cucumis, esp. Cucumis sativus, the unripe fruit of which is
eaten either fresh or picked. Also, similar plants or fruits of
several other genera. See below. Bitter cucumber (Bot.), the
Citrullus or Cucumis Colocynthis. SeeColocynth.
 -- Cucumber beetle. (Zoöl.) (a) A small, black flea-beetle
(Crepidodera cucumeris), which destroys the leaves of cucumber,
squash, and melon vines. (b) The squash beetle.
 -- Cucumber tree.(a) A large ornamental or shade tree of the genus
Magnolia (M. acuminata), so called from a slight resemblance of its
young fruit to a small cucumber. (b) An East Indian plant (Averrhoa
Bilimbi) which produces the fruit known as bilimbi.
 -- Jamaica cucumber, Jerusalem cucumber, the prickly-fruited gherkin
(Cucumis Anguria).
 -- Snake cucumber, a species (Cucumis flexuosus) remarkable for its
long, curiously-shaped fruit.
 -- Squirting cucumber, a plant (Ecbalium Elaterium) whose small oval
fruit separates from the footstalk when ripe and expels its seeds and
juice with considerable force through the opening thus made. See
Elaterium.
 -- Star cucumber,a climbing weed (Sicyos angulatus) with prickly
fruit.

CUCUMIFORM
Cu*cu"mi*form (k-k"m-frm), a. Etym: [L. cucumis cucumber + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of a cucumber; having the form of a cylinder
tapered and rounded at the ends, and either straight or curved.

CUCUMIS
Cu"cu*mis (kk--ms), n. Etym: [L., cucumber.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including the cucumber, melon, and same kinds
of gourds.

CUCURBIT; CUCURBITE
Cu*cur"bit Cu*cur"bite (k-kr"bt), n. Etym: [L. cucurbita a gourd: cf.
F. cucurbite. See Gourd.] (Chem.)

Defn: A vessel of flask for distillation, used with, or forming part
of, an alembic; a matrass; -- originally in the shape of a gourd,
with a wide mouth. See Alembic.

CUCURBITACEOUS
Cu*cur`bi*ta"ceous (-b-t"shs), a. Etym: [Cf. F. cucurbitac.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a family of plants of which
the cucumber, melon, and gourd are common examples.

CUCURBITIVE
Cu*cur"bi*tive (k-kr"b-tv), a.

Defn: Having the shape of a gourd seed; -- said of certain small
worms.

CUD
Cud (kd), n Etym: [AS. cudu, cwudu,cwidu,cweodo, of uncertain origin;
cf, G. k bait, Icel. kvi womb, Goth. qipus. Cf. Quid.]

1. That portion of food which is brought up into the mouth by
ruminating animals from their first stomach, to be cheved a second
time.
Whatsoever parteth the hoof, and is cloven-footed, and cheweth the
cud, among the beasts, that shall ye eat. Levit. xi. 3

2. A portion of tobacco held in the mouth and chewed; a quid. [Low]

3. The first stomach of ruminating beasts. Crabb. To chew the cud, to
ruminate; to meditate; used with of; as, to chew the cud of bitter
memories.
Chewed the thrice turned cudof wrath. Tennyson.

CUDBEAR
Cud"bear` (kd"br`), n Etym: [Also cudbeard, corrupted fr. the name of
Dr. Cuthbert Gordon, a Scotchman, who first brought it into notice.]

1. A powder of a violet red color, difficult to moisten with water,
used for making violet or purple dye. It is prepared from certain
species of lichen, especially Lecanora tartarea. Ure.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A lichen (Lecanora tartarea), from which the powder is
obtained.

CUDDEN
Cud"den (kd"d'n), n. Etym: [For sense 1, cf. Scot.cuddy an ass; for
sense 2, see 3d Cuddy.]

1. A clown; a low rustic; a dolt. [Obs.]
The slavering cudden, propped upon his staff. Dryden.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The coalfish. See 3d Cuddy.

CUDDLE
Cud"dle (kd"d'l), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Cuddled (-d'ld); p.pr. & vb. n.
Cuddling (-dlng).] Etym: [Prob. for couthle, fr. couth known; cf. OE.
kuppen to cuddle, or cu to make friends with. SeeCouth, Uncouth,
Can.]

Defn: To
She cuddles low beneath the brake; Nor would she stay, nor dares she
fly. Prior.

CUDDLE
Cud"dle, v. t.

Defn: To embrace closely; to foundle. Forby.

CUDDLE
Cud"dle, n.

Defn: A close embrace.

CUDDY
Cud"dy (-d), n. Etym: [See Cudden. ]

1. An ass; esp., one driven by a huckster or greengrocer. [Scot.]

2. Hence: A blockhead; a lout. Hood.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: A lever mounted on a tripod for lifting stones, leveling up
railroad ties, etc. Knight.

CUDDY
Cud"dy (kd"d), n. Etym: [Prob. a contraction fr. D. kajuit cabin: cf.
F.cahute hut.] (Naut.)

Defn: A small cabin: also, the galley or kitchen of a vessel.

CUDDY
Cud"dy, n. Etym: [Scot.; cf. Gael. cudaig, cudainn, or E.cuttlefish,
or cod, codfish.] (Zoöl)

Defn: The coalfish (Pollachius carbonarius). [Written also cudden.]

CUDGEL
Cudg"el (kj"l), n. Etym: [OE. kuggel; cf. G. keule club (with a round
end), kugel ball, or perh. W. cogyl cudgel, or D. cudse, kuds,
cudgel.]

Defn: A staff used in cudgel play, shorter than the quarterstaff, and
wielded with one hand; hence, any heavy stick used as a weapon.
He getteth him a grievous crabtree cudgel and . . . falls to rating
of them as if they were dogs. Bunyan.
Cudgel play, a fight or sportive contest with cudgels.
 -- To cross the cudgels, to forbear or give up the contest; -- a
phrase borrowed from the practice of cudgel players, who lay one
cudgel over another when the contest is ended.
 -- To take up cudgels for, to engage in a contest in behalf of (some
one or something).

CUDGEL
Cudg"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cudgeled or Cudgelled (-; p. pr. & vb.
n. Cudgeling or cudgelling.]

Defn: To beat with a cudgel.
An he here, I would cudgel him like a dog. Shak.
To cudgel one's brains, to exercise one's wits.

CUDGELER
Cudg"el*er (-r), n.

Defn: One who beats with a cudgel. [Written also cudgeller.]

CUDWEED
Cud"weed` (kd"wd`), n Etym: [Apparently fr. cud. + weed, but perh. a
corruption of cottonweed; or of cut weed, so called from its use as
an application to cuts and chafings.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small composite plant with cottony or silky stem and leaves,
primarily a species of Gnaphalium, but the name is now given to many
plants of different genera, as Filago, Antennaria, etc.; cottonweed.

CUE
Cue (k, n. Etym: [ OF. coue, coe, F. queue, fr. L. coda, cauda, tail.
Cf. Caudal, Coward, Queue.]

1. The tail; the end of a thing; especially, a tail-like twist of
hair worn at the back of the head; a queue.

2. The last words of a play actor's speech, serving as an intimation
for the next succeeding player to speak; any word or words which
serve to remind a player to speak or to do something; a catchword.
When my cue comes, call me, and I will answer. Shak.

3. A hint or intimation.
Give them [the servants] their cue to attend in two lines as he
leaves the house. Swift.

4. The part one has to perform in, or as in, a play.
Were it my cueto fight, I should have known it Without a prompter.
Shak.

5. Humor; temper of mind. [Colloq.] Dickens.

6. A straight tapering rod used to impel the balls in playing
billiards.

CUE
Cue, v. t.

Defn: To form into a cue; to braid; to twist.

CUE
Cue, n. Etym: [From q, an abbreviation for quadrans a farthing.]

Defn: A small portion of bread or beer; the quantity bought with a
farthing or half farthing. [Obs.]

Note: The term was formerly current in the English universities, the
letter q being the mark in the buttery books to denote such a
portion. Nares.
Hast thou worn Gowns in the university, tossed logic, Sucked
philosophy, eat cues Old Play.

CUERPO
Cuer"po (kwr"p), n. Etym: [Sp. cuerpo, fr. L. corpus body. See
Corpse.]

Defn: The body. In cuerpo, without full dress, so that the shape of
the Body is exposed; hence, naked or uncovered.
Exposed in cuerpo to their rage. Hudibras.

CUESTA
Cues"ta, n. [Sp.]

Defn: A sloping plain, esp. one with the upper end at the crest of a
cliff; a hill or ridge with one face steep and the opposite face
gently sloping. [Southwestern U. S.]

CUFF
Cuff (kf), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cuffed (k; p. pr. & vb. n. Cuffing.]
Etym: [Cf. Sw. kuffa to knock, push,kufva to check, subdue, and E.
cow, v. t. ]

1. To strike; esp., to smite with the palm or flat of the hand; to
slap.
I swear I'll cuff you, if you strike again. Shak.
They with their quills did all the hurt they could, And cuffed the
tender chickens from their food. Dryden.

2. To buffet. "Cuffed by the gale." Tennyson.

CUFF
Cuff, v. i.

Defn: To fight; to scuffle; to box.
While the peers cuff to make the rabble sport. Dryden.

CUFF
Cuff, n.

Defn: A blow; esp.,, a blow with the open hand; a box; a slap.
Snatcheth his sword, and fiercely to him flies; Who well it wards,
and quitten cuff with cuff. Spenser.
Many a bitter kick and cuff. Hudibras.

CUFF
Cuff, n. Etym: [Perh. from F. coiffe headdress, hood, or coif; as if
the cuff were a cap for the hand. Cf. Coif.]

1. The fold at the end of a sleeve; the part of a sleeve turned back
from the hand.
He would visit his mistress in a morning gown, band,short cuffs, and
a peaked beard. Arbuthnot.

2. Any ornamental appendage at the wrist, whether attached to the
sleeve of the garment or separate;especially, in modern times, such
an appendage of starched linen, or a substitute for it of paper, or
the like.

CUFFY
Cuf"fy (k, n.

Defn: A name for a negro. [Slang]

CUFIC
Cu"fic (k`fk), a. Etym: [So called from the town of Cufa, in the
province of Bagdad.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the older characters of the Arabic
language. [Written also Kufic.]

CUI BONO
Cui` bo"no. [L.]

Defn: Lit., for whose benefit; incorrectly understood, it came to be
used in the sense, of what good or use; and hence, (what) purpose;
object; specif., the ultimate object of life.

CUINAGE
Cuin"age (kwn`j), n.Etym: [Corrupted fr. coinage.]

Defn: The stamping of pigs of tin, by the proper officer, with the
arms of the duchy of Cornwall.

CUIRASS
Cui*rass" (kw-rs`, or kw`rs; 277), n.; pl. Cuirasses(-. Etym: [
F.cuirasse, orig., a breascuir, cuirie influenced by It. corazza, or
Sp. cora, fr. an assumed LL. coriacea, fr. L. coriacevs, adj., of
leather, fr. corium leather, hide; akin to Gr. skora hide, Lith.
skura hide, leather. Cf. Coriaceous.]

1.
(a) A piece of defensive armor, covering the body from the neck to
the girdle.
(b) The breastplate taken by itself.

Note: The cuirass covered the body before and behind. It consisted of
two parts, a breast- and backpiece of iron fastened together by means
of straps and buckles or other like contrivances. It was originally,
as the name imports, made of leather, but afterward of metal. Crose.

2. (Zoöl)

Defn: An armor of bony plates, somewhat resembling a cuirass.

CUIRASSED
Cui*rassed" (kw-rst` or kw`rst), a.

1. Wearing a cuirass.

2. (Zoöl)

Defn: Having a covering of bony plates, resembling a cuirass;- said
of certain fishes.

CUIRASSIER
Cui`ras*sier" (kw`rs-sr"), n. Etym: [F. cuirassier. See Curass.]

Defn: A soldier armed with a cuirass. Milton.

CUIR BOUILLI
Cuir" bou`illi". [F.]

Defn: In decorative art, boiled leather, fitted by the process to
receive impressed patterns, like those produced by chasing metal, and
to retain the impression permanently.

CUISH
Cuish (kws), n. Etym: [F. cuisse thigh, fr. L. coxa hip: cf. F.
cuissard, OF, cuissot, armor for the thigh, cuish. Cf. Hough.]

Defn: Defensive armor for the thighs. [ Written also cuisse, and
quish.]

CUISINE
Cui`sine" (kw`zn"), n. Etym: [F., fr. L. coquina kitchen, fr. coquere
to cook. See Kitchen.]

1. The kitchen or cooking department.

2. Manner or style of cooking.

CULASSE
Cu`lasse" (ku`ls"), n. Etym: [F., fr. cul back.]

Defn: The lower faceted portion of a brilliant-cut diamond.

CULDEE
Cul*dee" (k, n. Etym: [ Prob. fr. Gael.cuilteach; cf. Ir. ceilede.]

Defn: One of a class of anchorites who lived in various parts of
Scotland, Ireland, and Wales.
The pure Culdees Were Albyn's earliest priests of God. Campbell.

CUL-DE-SAC
Cul`-de-sac" (ku`de-sk" or kul`de-sk"), n.; pl. Culs-de-sac (ku`- or
kulz`-). Etym: [ F., lit., bottom of a bag.]

1. A passage with only one outlet, as a street closed at one end; a
blind alley; hence, a trap.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: a position in which an army finds itself with no way of exit
but to the front.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: Any bag-shaped or tubular cavity, vessel, or organ, open only
at one end.

CULERAGE
Cul"er*age (kl"r-j), n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Culrage.

CULEX
Cu"lex (k"lks), n. Etym: [L., a gnat.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of dipterous insects, including the gnat and mosquito.

CULICID
Cu"li*cid, a. [L. culex, -icis, gnat.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the Mosquito family (Culicidæ). -- n.

Defn: A culicid insect.

CULICIFORM
Cu*lic"i*form (k-ls"i-frm). a. Etym: [L. culex a gnat + -form:cf. F.
culiciforme.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Gnat-shaped.

CULINARILY
Cu"li*na*ri*ly (k`l-n-r-l), adv.

Defn: In the manner of a kitchen; in connection with a kitchen or
cooking.

CULINARY
Cu"li*na*ry (k"l-n-r), a. Etym: [L. culinarius, fr. culina kitchen,
perh. akin to carbo coal: cf. F. culinare.]

Defn: Relating to the kitchen, or to the art of cookery; used in
kitchens; as, a culinary vessel; the culinary art.

CULL
Cull (kl), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Culled (kld); p. pr.& Culling.] Etym:
[OE., OF. cuillir, coillir, F.cueillir, to gather, pluck, pick, fr.
L. colligere. See Coil, v. t., and cf. Collect.]

Defn: To separate, select, or pick out; to choose and gather or
collect; as, to cuil flowers.
From his herd he culls, For slaughter, from the fairest of his bulls.
Dryden.
Whitest honey in fairy gardens culled. Tennyson.

CULL
Cull, n.

Defn: A cully; a dupe; a gull. See Gully.

CULLENDER
Cul"len*der (kl"ln-dr), n.

Defn: A strainer. See Colander.

CULLER
Cull"er (kl"r), n.

Defn: One who piks or chooses; esp., an inspector who select wares
suitable for market.

CULLET
Cul"let (kl"lt), n. Etym: [From Cull, v. t. ]

Defn: Broken glass for remelting.

CULLET
Cul"let, n. Etym: [A dim. from F. cul back.]

Defn: A small central plane in the back of a cut gem. See Collet, 3
(b).

CULLIBILITY
Cul`li*bil"i*ty (-l-bl"-ty), n. Etym: [From cully to trick, cheat.]

Defn: Gullibility. [R.] Swift.

CULLIBLE
Cul"li*ble (kl"l-b'l), a.

Defn: Easily deceived; gullible.

CULLING
Cull"ing (kl"ng), n

1. The act of one who culls.

2. pl.

Defn: Anything separated or selected from a mass.

CULLION
Cul"lion (kl"yn), n. Etym: [OF. couillon, coillon, F. co, a vile
fellow, coward, dupe, from OF. couillon, coillon, testicle, fr. il
the scrotum, fr. L. coleus a leather bag, the scrotum.]

Defn: A mean wretch; a base fellow; a poltroon; a scullion. "Away,
base cullions." Shak.

CULLIONLY
Cul"lion*ly, a.

Defn: Mean; base. Shak.

CULLIS
Cul"lis (k, n. Etym: [OF. coleïs, F. coulis, fr. OF. & F. couler to
strain, to flow, fr. L. colare to filter, strain; cf. LL. coladicium.
Cf. Colander.]

Defn: A strong broth of meat, strained and made clear for invalids;
also, a savory jelly. [Obs.]
When I am exellent at caudles And cullises . . . you shall be welcome
to me. Beau. & Fl.

CULLIS
Cul"lis, n.; pl. Cullises (-. Etym: [F.coulisse groove, fr. the same
source as E. cullis broth.] (Arch.)

Defn: A gutter in a roof; a channel or groove.

CULLS
Culls (klz), n. pl. Etym: [From Cull,, v. t.]

1. Refuse timber, from which the best part has been culled out.

2. Any refuse stuff, as rolls not properly baked.

CULLY
Cul"ly (kl"l), n.; pl. Cullies (-l. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. cullion.]

Defn: A person easily deceived, tricked, or imposed on; a mean dupe;
a gull.
I have learned that . . . I am not the first cully whom she has
passed upon for a countess. Addison.

CULLY
Cul"ly, v. t. Etym: [See Cully,n., and cf. D. kullen to cheat, gull.]

Defn: To trick, cheat, or impose on; to deceive. "Tricks to cully
fools." Pomfret.

CULLYISM
Cul"ly*ism (-z'm), n.

Defn: The state of being a cully.
Less frequent instances of eminent cullyism. Spectator.

CULM
Culm (klm), n. Etym: [L. culmus stark, stem; akin to colasmus.
SeeHalm.] (Bot.)

Defn: The stalk or stem of grain and grasses (including the bamboo),
jointed and usually hollow.

CULM
Culm, n. Etym: [Perh. from W. cwlm knot or tie, applied to this
species of coal, which is much found in balls or knots in some parts
of Wales: cf. OE. culme smoke, soot.] (Min.)
(a) Mineral coal that is not bituminous; anthracite, especially when
found in small masses.
(b) The waste of the Pennsylvania anthracite mines, consisting of
fine coal, dust, etc., and used as fuel. Raymond.

CULMEN
Cul"men (kl"mn), n. Etym: [L., fr. cellere (in comp.) to impel; cf.
celsus pushed upward, lofty.]

1. Top; summit; acme. R. North.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dorsal ridge of a bird's bill.

CULMIFEROUS
Cul*mif"er*ous (kl-mf"r-s), a. Etym: [L. culmus stalk or stem + -
ferous: cf. F. culmif.]

Defn: Having jointed stems or culms.

CULMIFEROUS
Cul*mif"er*ous (kl-mf"r-s), a.Etym: [2d culm + -ferous.] (Min.)

Defn: Containing, or abounding in, culm or glance coal.

CULMINAL
Cul"mi*nal (kl"m-nal), a.

Defn: Pertaining to a culmen.

CULMINANT
Cul"mi*nant (-nant), a.

Defn: Being vertical, or at the highest point of altitude; hence,
predominant. [R.]

CULMINATE
Cul"mi*nate (kl"m-nt), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Culminated (-n`td); p. pr.
& vb. n. Culminating (-n Etym: [L. cuimen top or ridge. See Column.]

1. To reach its highest point of altitude; to come to the meridian;
to be vertical or directly overhead.
As when his beams at noon Culminate from the equator. Milton.

2. To reach the highest point, as of rank, size, power, numbers, etc.
The reptile race culminated in the secondary era. Dana.
The house of Burgundy was rapidly culminating. Motley.

CULMINATE
Cul"mi*nate (kl"m-nt), a.

Defn: Growing upward, as distinguished from a laterral growth; --
applied to the growth of corals. Dana.

CULMINATION
Cul"mi*na"tion (kl`m-n"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F.culmination]

1. The attainment of the highest point of altitude reached by a
heavently body; passage across the meridian; transit.

2. Attainment or arrival at the highest pitch of glory, power, etc.

CULPA
Cul"pa (kl"p), n. Etym: [L.] (Law)

Defn: Negligence or fault, as distinguishable from dolus (deceit,
fraud), which implies intent, culpa being imputable to defect of
intellect, dolus to defect of heart. Wharton.

CULPABILITY
Cul`pa*bil"i*ty (kl`p-bl`-t), n.; pl. Culpabilities (-t. Etym: [Cf.
F. culpabilité.]

Defn: The state of being culpable.

CULPABLE
Cul"pa*ble (kl"p-b'l), a. Etym: [OE. culpable, coulpable, coupable,
F. coupable, formerly also coupable, formerly also coulpable,
culpable, fr. L. culpabilis, fr. culpare to blame, fr. culpa fault.]

1. Deserving censure; worthy of blame; faulty; immoral; criminal.
State Trials (1413).
If he acts according to the best reason he hath, he is not culpable,
though he be mistaken in his measures. Sharp.

2. Guilty; as, clpable of a crime. [Obs.] Spenser.
 -- Cul"pa*ble*ness, n.
 -- Cul"pa*bly, adv.

CULPATORY
Cul"pa*to*ry (-t-r), a.

Defn: Expressing blame; censuring; reprehensory; inculpating.
Adjectives . . . commonly used by Latian authors in a culpatory
sense. Walpole.

CULPE
Culpe (klp), n. Etym: [F. coulpe, fr.L.culpa.]

Defn: Blameworthiness. [Obs.]
Banished out of the realme . . . without culpe. E. Hall.

CULPON
Cul"pon (kl"pn), n. Etym: [See Coupon.]

Defn: A shered; a fragment; a strip of wood. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CULPRIT
Cul"prit (kl"prt), n. Etym: [Prob. corrupted for culpate, fr. Law
Latin culpatus the accused, p. p. of L. culpare to blame. See
Culpable.]

1. One accused of, or ar
An author is in the condition of a culprit; the public are his
judges. Prior.

2. One quilty of a fault; a criminal.

CULRAGE
Cul"rage (kl"rj), n. Etym: [OE. culrage, culrache; prob. fr. F. cul
the buttok + F. & E. rage; F. curage.] (Bot.)

Defn: Smartweed (Polygonum Hydropiper).

CULT
Cult (klt) n .Etym: [F. culte, L. cultus care, culture, fr. colere to
cultivate. Cf. Cultus.]

1. Attentive care; homage; worship.
Every one is convinced of the reality of a better self, and of.
thecult or homage which is due to it. Shaftesbury.

2. A system of religious belief and worship.
That which was the religion of Moses is the ceremonial or cult of the
religion of Christ. Coleridge.

CULTCH
Cultch (klch;224), n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Empty oyster shells and other substances laid down on oyster
grounds to furnish points for the attachment of the spawn of the
oyster. [Also written cutch.]

CULTER
Cul"ter (kl"tr), n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A colter. See Colter.

CULTIROSTRAL
Cul`ti*ros"tral (-t-rs"tral), a. Etym: [See Cultirostres.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a bill shaped like the colter of a plow, or like a
knife, as the heron, stork, etc.

CULTIROSTRES
Cul`ti*ros"tres (-trz), n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. culter colter of a
plow, knife + rostrum bill.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of wading birds including the stork, heron, crane, etc.

CULTIVABLE
Cul"ti*va*ble (kl"t-v-b'l), a. Etym: [Cf. F. cultivable.]

Defn: Capable of being cultivated or tilled. Todd.

CULTIVATABLE
Cul"ti*va`ta*ble (kl"t-v`t-b'l), a.

Defn: Cultivable.

CULTIVATE
Cul"ti*vate (kl"t-vt), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Cultivated (-v`td); p.pr. &
vb. n. Cultivating (-v`-t*ng).] Etym: [LL. cultivatus, p.p. of
cultivare to cultivate, fr. cultivus cultivated, fr. L. cultus, p.p.
of colere to till, cultivate. Cf. Colony.]

1. To bestow attention, care, and labor upon, with a view to valuable
returns; to till; to fertilize; as, to cultivate soil.

2. To direct special attention to; to devote time and thought to; to
foster; to cherish.
Leisure . . . to cultivate general literature. Wordsworth.

3. To seek the society of; to court intimacy with.
I ever looked on Lord Keppel as one of the greatest and best men of
his age; and I loved and cultivated him accordingly. Burke.

4. To improve by labor, care, or study; to impart culture to; to
civilize; to refine.
To cultivate the wild, licentious savage. Addison.
The mind of man hath need to be prepared for piety and virtue; it
must be cultivated to the end. Tillotson.

5. To raise or produce by tillage; to care for while growing; as, to
cultivate corn or grass.

CULTIVATION
Cul`ti*va"tion (kl`t-v"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. cultivation.]

1. The art or act of cultivating; improvement for agricultural
purposes or by agricultural processes; tillage; production by
tillage.

2. Bestowal of time or attention for self-improvement or for the
benefit of others; fostering care.

3. The state of being cultivated; advancement in physical,
intellectual, or moral condition; refinement; culture.
Italy . . . was but imperfectly reduced to cultivation before the
irruption of the barbarians. Hallam.

CULTIVATOR
Cul"ti*va`tor (kl"t-v`tr), n. Etym: [Cf. F. cultivateur.]

1. One who cultivates; as, a cultivator of the soil; a cultivator of
literature. Whewell.

2. An agricultural implement used in the tillage of growing crops, to
loosen the surface of the earth and kill the weeds; esp., a
triangular frame set with small shares, drawn by a horse and by
handles.

Note: In a broader signification it includes any complex implement
for pulverizing or stirring the surface of the soil, as harrows,
grubbers, horse hoes, etc.

CULTRATE; CULTRATED
Cul"trate (kl"trt), Cul"tra*ted (-tr-td), a. Etym: [L. cultratus
knife-shaped, fromculter, cultri, knife.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Sharp-edged and pointed; shaped like a pruning knife, as the
beak of certain birds.

CULTRIFORM
Cul"tri*form (-tr-frm), a. Etym: [L. culter, cultri, knife + -form.]
(Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Shaped like a pruning knife; cultrate.

CULTRIVOROUS
Cul*triv"o*rous (kl-trb"-rs), a. Etym: [L. culter, cultri, knife +
vorare to devour.]

Defn: Devouring knives; swallowing, or pretending to swallow, knives;
-- applied to persons who have swallowed, or have seemed to swallow,
knives with impunity. Dunglison.

CULTURABLE
Cul"tur*a*ble (kl"tr--b'l; 135), a.

Defn: Capable of, or fit for, being cultivated; capable or becoming
cultured. London Spectator.

CULTURAL
Cul"tur*al (kl"tr-al), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to culture.

CULTURE
Cul"ture (kl"tr; 135), n. Etym: [F. culture, L. cultura, fr. colere
to till, cultivate; of uncertain origin. Cf. Colony.]

1. The act or practice of cultivating, or of preparing the earth for
seed and raising crops by tillage; as, the culture of the soil.

2. The act of, or any labor or means employed for, training,
disciplining, or refining the moral and intellectual nature of man;
as. the culture of the mind.
If vain our toil We ought to blame theculture, not the soil. Pepe.

3. The state of being cultivated; result of cultivation; physical
improvement; enlightenment and discipline acquired by mental and
moral training; civilization; refinement in manners and taste.
What the Greeks expressed by their humanitas, we less happily try to
express by the more artificial word culture. J. C. Shairp.
The list of all the items of the general life of a people represents
that whole which we call its culture. Tylor.
Culture fluid, a fluid in which the germs of microscopic organisms
are made to develop, either for purposes of study or as a means of
modifying their virulence.

CULTURE
Cul"ture, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Cultured (-trd; 135); p. pr. & vb. n.
Culturing.]

Defn: To cultivate; to educate.
They came . . . into places well inhabited and cultured. Usher.

CULTURED
Cul"tured (kl"trd), a.

1. Under culture; cultivated. "Cultured vales." Shenstone.

2. Characterized by mental and moral training; disciplined; refined;
well-educated.
The sense of beauty in nature, even among cultured people, is less
often met with than other mental endowments. I. Taylor.
The cunning hand and cultured brain. Whittier.

CULTURE FEATURES
Culture features. (Surv.)

Defn: The artificial features of a district as distinguished from the
natural.

CULTURELESS
Cul"ture*less, a.

Defn: Having no culture.

CULTURE MYTH
Culture myth.

Defn: A myth accounting for the discovery of arts and sciences or the
advent of a higher civilization, as in the Prometheus myth.

CULTURIST
Cul"tur*ist, n.

1. A cultivator.

2. One who is an advocate of culture.
The culturists, by which term I mean not those who esteem culture (as
what intelligent man does notJ. C. Shairp

CULTUS
Cul"tus (kl"ts), n. sing. & pl.; E. pl.Cultuses (-. Etym: [L.,
cultivation, culture. See Cult.]

Defn: Established or accepted religious rites or usages of worship;
state of religious development. Cf.Cult, 2.

CULTUS COD
Cul"tus cod` (kd`). Etym: [Chinook cultus of little worth.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Cod, and Buffalo cod, under Buffalo.

CULVER
Cul"ver (k"vr), n. Etym: [AS. culfre, perh. fr. L. columba.]

Defn: A dove. "Culver in the falcon's fist." Spenser.

CULVER
Cul"ver, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. Culverin.]

Defn: A culverin.
Falcon and culver on each tower Stood prompt their deadly hail to
shower. Sir W. Scott.

CULVERHOUSE
Cul"ver*house` (-hous`), n.

Defn: A dovecote.

CULVERIN
Cul"ver*in (kl"vr-n), n.Etym: [F. coulevrine, prop. fem. of
couleuvrin like a serpent, fr. couleuvre adder, fr. L. coluber,
colubra.]

Defn: A long cannon of the 16th century, usually an 18-pounder with
serpent-shaped handles.
Trump, and drum, and roaring culverin. Mac

CULVERKEY
Cul"ver*key` (-k`), n.

1. A bunch of the keys or samaras of the ash tree. Wright.

2. An English meadow plant, perhaps the columbine or the bluebell
squill (Scilla nutans). [Obs.]
A girl cropping culverkeys and cowslips to make garlands. Walton.

CULVER'S PHYSIC; CULVER'S ROOT
Cul"ver's phys"ic, or Cul"ver's root`. [So called after a Dr. Culver,
who used it.] (Bot.)

Defn: The root of a handsome erect herb (Leptandra, syn. Veronica,
Virginica) common in most moist woods of North America , used as an
active cathartic and emetic; also, the plant itself.

CULVERT
Cul"vert (kl"vrt), n. Etym: [Prob. from OF. coulouere, F. couloir,
channel, gutter, gallery, fr. couler to flow. See Cullis.]

Defn: A transverse drain or waterway of masonry under a road,
railroad, canal, etc.; a small bridge.

CULVERTAIL
Cul"ver*tail` (kl"vr-tl`), n. (Carp.)

Defn: Dovetail.

CULVERTAILED
Cul"ver*tailed` (-tld`), a.

Defn: United or fastened by a dovetailed joint.

CUMACEA
Cu*ma"ce*a (k-m"sh- or -s-), n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of marine Crustacea, mostly of small size.

CUMBENT
Cum"bent (km"bent), a. Etym: [Cf. Recumbent, Covey.]

Defn: Lying down; recumbent. J. Dyer.

CUMBER
Cum"ber (km"br), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Cumbered (-brd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cumbering.] Etym: [OE. combren, cumbren,OF. combrer to hinder, from
LL. cumbrus a heap, fr. L. cumulus; cf. Skr. to increase, grow
strong. Cf. Cumulate.]

Defn: To rest upon as a troublesome or useless weight or load; to be
burdensome or oppressive to; to hinder or embarrass in attaining an
object, to obstruct or occupy uselessly; to embarrass; to trouble.
Why asks he what avails him not in fight, And would but cumber and
retard his flight Dryden.
Martha was cumbered about much serving. Luke x. 40.
Cut it down; why cumbereth it the ground Luke xiii. 7.
The multiplying variety of arguments, especially frivolous ones, . .
. but cumbers the memory. Locke.

CUMBER
Cum"ber (km"br), n. Etym: [Cf. encombre hindrance, impediment. See
Cuber,v.]

Defn: Trouble; embarrassment; distress. [Obs.] [Written also comber.]
A place of much distraction and cumber. Sir H. Wotton.
Sage counsel in cumber. Sir W. Scott.

CUMBERSOME
Cum"ber*some (k, a.

1. Burdensome or hindering, as a weight or drag; embarrassing;
vexatious; cumbrous.
To perform a cumbersome obedience. Sir. P. Sidney.

2. Not easily managed; as, a cumbersome contrivance or machine.
He holds them in utter contempt, as lumbering, cumbersome,
circuitous. I. Taylor.
-- Cum"ber*some*ly, adv.
 -- Cum"ber*some*ness,n.

CUMBRANCE
Cum"brance (km"brans), n.

Defn: Encumbrance. [Obs.]
Extol not riches then, the toil of fools, The wise man's cumbrance,
if not snare. Milton.

CUMBRIAN
Cum"bri*an (km"br-an), a.

Defn: Pertaining to Cumberland, England, or to a system of rocks
found there. Cumbrian system (Geol.), the slate or graywacke system
of rocks, now included in the Cambrian or Silurian system; -- so
called because most prominent at Cumberland.

CUMBROUS
Cum"brous (km"brs), a.

1. Rendering action or motion difficult or toilsome; serving to
obstruct or hinder; burdensome; clogging.
He sunk beneath the cumbrous weight. Swift.
That cumbrousand unwieldy style which disfigures English composition
so extensively. De Quincey.

2. Giving trouble; vexatious. [Obs.]
A clud of cumbrous gnats. Spenser.
-- Cum"brous*ly, adv.
 -- Cum"brous*ness, n.

CUMENE
Cu"mene (k"mn), n. Etym: [From Cumin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless oily hydrocarbon, C6H5.C3H7, obtained by the
distillation of cuminic acid; -- called also cumol.

CUMFREY
Cum"frey (km"fr), n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Comfrey.

CUMIC
Cu"mic (k"mk), a. (Chem.)

Defn: See Cuming.

CUMIDINE
Cu"mi*dine (k"m-dn or -dn), n. Etym: [From Cumin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A strong, liquid, organic base, C3H7.C6H4.NH2, homologous with
aniline.

CUMIN
Cum"in (km"n), n. Etym: [OE.comin, AS. cymen, fr. L. cuminum,
Gr.kamm, Heb. kamm; cf. OF. comin, F. cumin. Cf. Kummel.] (Bot.)

Defn: A dwarf umbelliferous plant, somewhat resembling fennel
(Cuminum Cyminum), cultivated for its seeds, which have a bitterish,
warm taste, with an aromatic flavor, and are used like those of anise
and caraway. [Written also cummin.]
Rank-smelling rue, and cumin good for eyes. Spenser.
Black cumin (Bot.), a plant (Nigella sativa) with pungent seeds, used
by the Afghans, etc.

CUMINIC
Cu*min"ic (k-mn"k), a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, cumin, or from oil of caraway;
as, cuminic acid. Cuminic acid (Chem.), white crystalline substance,
C3H7.C6H4.CO2H, obtained from oil of caraway.

CUMINIL
Cu"mi*nil (k"m-nl), n .

Defn: A substance, analogous to benzil, obtained from oil of caraway.

CUMINOL
Cu"mi*nol (-nl), n. Etym: [Cuminic + L. oleum.]

Defn: A liquid, C3H7.C6H4.CHO, obtained from oil of caraway; --
called also cuminic aldehyde.

CUMMERBUND
Cum"mer*bund`, n. [Written also kummerbund, cummerband, etc.] [Hind.
kamarband, fr. Per. Kamar loins + band fastening.]

Defn: A sash for the waist; a girdle. [India]

CUMMIN
Cum"min (km"mn), n.

Defn: Same as Cumin.
Ye pay tithe of mint, and cummin. Matt. xxiii. 23.

CUMQUAT
Cum"quat, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Kumquat.

CUMSHAW
Cum"shaw (km"sha), n. Etym: [Chin. kom-tsie.]

Defn: A present or bonus; -- originally applied to that paid on ships
which entered the port of Canton. S. Wells Williams.

CUMSHAW
Cum"shaw, v. t.

Defn: To give or make a present to.

CUMU-CIRRO-STRATUS
Cu"mu-cir`ro-stra"tus (k`m*-sr`r-str"ts), n. (Meteor.)

Defn: Nimbus, or rain cloud. See Nimbus, and Cloud.

CUMULATE
Cu"mu*late (k"m-lt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cumulated (-l`td); p. pr. &
vb. n. Cumulating (-l`tng).] Etym: [L. cumulatus, p. p. of cumulare
to heap up, fr. cumulus a heap. See Cumber.]

Defn: To gather or throw into a heap; to heap together; to
accumulate.
Shoals of shells, bedded and cumulated heap upon heap. Woodward.

CUMULATION
Cu`mu*la"tion (k`m-l"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. cumulation.]

Defn: The act of heaping together; a heap. See Accumulation.

CUMULATIST
Cu"mu*la*tist (k"m-l-tst), n.

Defn: One who accumulates; one who collects. [R.]

CUMULATIVE
Cu"mu*la*tive (k"m-l-tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. cumulatif.]

1. Composed of parts in a heap; forming a mass; agregated. "As for
knowledge which man receiveth by teaching, it is cumulative, njt
original." Bacon

2. Augmenting, gaining, or giving force, by successive additions; as,
a cumulative argument, i. e., one whose force increases as the
statement proceeds.
The argument . . . is in very truth not logical and single, but moral
and cumulative. Trench.

3. (Law)
(a) Tending to prove the same point to which other evidence has been
offered; -- said of evidence.
(b) Given by same testator to the same legatee; -- said of a legacy.
Bouvier. Wharton.

Cumulative action (Med.), that action of certain drugs, by virtue of
which they produce, when administered in small doses repeated at
considerable intervals, the same effect as if given in a single large
dose.
 -- Cumulative poison, a poison the action of which is cumulative.
 -- Cumulative vote or system of voting (Politics), that system which
allows to each voter as many votes as there are persons to be voted
for, and permits him to accumulate these votes upon one person, or to
distribute them among the candidates as he pleases.

CUMULOSE
Cu"mu*lose` (k"m-ls`), a. Etym: [From Cumulus.]

Defn: Full of heaps.

CUMULOSTRATUS
Cu"mu*lo*stra"tus (k"m-l-str"ts), n. (Meteor.)

Defn: A form of cloud. See Cloud.

CUMULUS
Cu"mu*lus (k"m-ls), n.; pl. Cumuli (-l. Etym: [L., a heap. See
Cumber.] (Meteor.)

Defn: One of the four principal forms of clouds. SeeCloud.

CUN
Cun (kn), v. t. Etym: [See Cond.]

Defn: To con (a ship). [Obs.]

CUN
Cun, v. t. Etym: [See 1st Con.]

Defn: To know. See Con. [Obs.]

CUNABULA
Cu*nab"u*la (k-nb"-l), n. pl. Etym: [L., a cradle, earliest abode,
fr. cunae cradle.]

1. The earliest abode; original dwelling place; originals; as, the
cunabula of the human race.

2. (Bibliography)

Defn: The extant copies of the first or earliest printed books, or of
such as were printed in the 15th century.

CUNCTATION
Cunc*ta"tion (knk-t"shn), n. Etym: [L. cunctatio, fr. cunctari, p.p.
cunctatus, to delay.]

Defn: Delay; procrastination. [R.] Carlyle.

CUNCTATIVE
Cunc"ta*tive (knk"t-tv), a.

Defn: Slow; tardy; dilatory; causing delay.

CUNCTATOR
Cunc*ta"tor (knk-t"tr), n. Etym: [L., lit., a delayer; -- applied as
a surname to Q. Fabius Maximus.]

Defn: One who delays or lingers. [R.]

CUNCTIPOTENT
Cunc*tip"o*tent (knk-tp"-tent), a. Etym: [L. cunctipotens; cunctus
all + potens powerful.]

Defn: All-powerful; omnipotent. [R] "God cunctipotent." Neale (Trans.
Rhythm of St. Bernard).

CUND
Cund (k*nd), v. t. Etym: [See Cond.]

Defn: To con (a ship). [Obs.]

CUNDURANGO
Cun`du*ran"go (kn`d-rn"g), n. (Med.)

Defn: The bark of a South American vine (Gonolobus Condurango) of the
Milkweed family. It has been supposed, but erroneously, to be a cure
for cancer. [Written also condurango.]

CUNEAL
Cu"ne*al (k"n-al), Etym: [L. cuneus a wege. See Coin.]

Defn: Relating to a wedge; wedge-shaped.

CUNEATE; CUNEATED
Cu"ne*ate (k"n-t), Cu"ne*a`ted (-`tEd), a. Etym: [L.cuneatus, fr.
cuneus a wege SeeCoin.]

Defn: Wedge-shaped; (Bot.), wedge-shaped, with the point at the base;
as, a cuneate leaf.

CUNEATIC
Cu`ne*at"ic (k`n-t"k), a.

Defn: Cuneiform. "Cuneatic decipherment." Sayce.

CUNEIFORM; CUNIFORM
Cu*ne"i*form (k-n"-frm), Cu"ni*form (k"n-frm), a. Etym: [L. cuneus a
wedge + -form: cf. F. cunei-forme. See Coin.]

1. Wedge-shaped; as, a cuneiform bone; -- especially applied to the
wedge-shaped or arrowheaded characters of ancient Persian and
Assyrian inscriptions. See Arrowheaded.

2. Pertaining to, or versed in, the ancient wedge-shaped characters,
or the inscriptions in them. "A cuneiform scholar." Rawlinson.

CUNEIFORM; CUNIFORM
Cu*ne"i*form, Cu"ni*form, n.

1. The wedge-shaped characters used in ancient Persian and Assyrian
inscriptions. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

2. (Anat.)
(a) One of the three tarsal bones supporting the first, second third
metatarsals. They are usually designated as external, middle, and
internal, or ectocuniform, mesocuniform, and entocuniform,
respectively.
(b) One of the carpal bones usually articulating wich the ulna; --
called also pyramidal and ulnare.

CUNETTE
Cu*nette" (k-nt"), n. Etym: [F.] (Fort.)

Defn: A drain trench, in a ditch or moat; -- called also cuvette.

CUNNER
Cun"ner (kn"nr), n. Etym: [Cf. Conner.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A small edible fish of the Atlantic coast (Ctenolabrus
adspersus); -- called also chogset, burgall, blue perch, and bait
stealer. [Written also conner.]
(b) A small shellfish; the limpet or patella.

CUNNING
Cun"ning (kn"nng), a. Etym: [AS. cunnan to know, to be able. See 1st
Con, Can.]

1. Knowing; skillfull; dexterous. "A cunning workman." Ex. xxxviii.
23.
"Tis beauty truly blent, whose red and white Nature's own sweet and
cunning hand laid on. Shak.
Esau was a cunning hunter. Gen xxv. 27.

2. Wrought with, or exibiting, skill or ingenuity; ingenious;
curious; as, cunning work.
Over them Arachne high did lift
Her cunning web. Spenser.

3. Crafty; sly; artful; designid; deceitful.
They are resolved to be cunning; let others run the hazard of being
sincere. South.

4. Pretty or pleasing; as, a cunning little boy. [Colloq. U.S.]
Barlett.

Syn.
 -- Cunning, Artful, Sly, Wily, Crafty. These epithets agree in
expressing an aptitude for attaining some end by peculiar and secret
means. Cunning is usually low; as, a cunning trick. Artful is more
ingenious and inventive; as, an artful device. Sly implies a turn for
what is double or concealed; as, sly humor; a sly evasion. Crafty
denotes a talent for dexterously deceiving; as, a crafty manager.
Wily describes a talent for the use of stratagems; as, a wily
politician. "Acunning man often shows his dexterity in simply
concealing. An artful man goes further, and exerts his ingenuity in
misleading. A crafty man mingles cunning with art, and so shapes his
actions as to lull suspicions. The young may be cunning, but the
experienced only can be crafty. Slyness is a vulgar kind of cunning;
the sly man goes cautiously and silently to work. Wiliness is a
species of cunning or craft applicable only to cases of attack and
defence." Crabb.

CUNNING
Cun"ning, n. Etym: [AS. cunnung trial, or Icel. kunnandi knowledge.
See Cunning, a.]

1. Knowledge; art; skill; dexterity. [Archaic]
Let my right hand forget her cunning. Ps. cxxxvii. 5.
A carpenter's desert Stands more in cunning than in power. Chapman.

2. The faculty or act of using stratagem to accomplish a purpose;
fraudulent skill or dexterity; deceit; craft.
Discourage cunning in a child; cunning is the ape of wisdom. Locke.
We take cunning for a sinister or crooked wisdom. Bacon.

CUNNINGLY
Cun"ning*ly (kn"nng-l), adv.

Defn: In a cunning manner; with cunning.

CUNNINGMAN
Cun"ning*man` (-mn`), n.

Defn: A fortune teller; one who pretends to reveal mysteries. [Obs.]
Hudibras.

CUNNINGNESS
Cun"ning*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being cunning; craft.

CUP
Cup (kp), n. Etym: [AS. cuppe, LL. cuppa cup; cf. L. cupa tub, cask;
cf. also Gr. k pit, hollow, OSlav. kupa cup. Cf. Coop, Cupola, Cowl a
water vessel, and Cob, Coif, Cop.]

1. A small vessel, used commonly to drink from; as, a tin cup, a
silver cup, a wine cup; especially, in modern times, the pottery or
porcelain vessel, commonly with a handle, used with a saucer in
drinking tea, coffee, and the like.

2. The contents of such a vessel; a cupful.
Give me a cup of sack, boy. Shak.

3. pl.

Defn: Repeated potations; social or exessive indulgence in
intoxicating drinks; revelry.
Thence from cups to civil broils. Milton.

4. That which is to be received or indured; that which is allotted to
one; a portion.
O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me. Matt.
xxvi. 39.

5. Anything shaped like a cup; as, the cup of an acorn, or of a
flower.
The cowslip's golden cup no more I see. Shenstone.

6. (Med.)

Defn: A cupping glass or other vessel or instrument used to produce
the vacuum in cupping. Cup and ball, a familiar toy of children,
having a cup on the top of a piece of wood to which, a ball is
attached by a cord; the ball, being thrown up, is to be caught in the
cup; bilboquet. Milman.- Cup and can, familiar companions.
 -- Dry cup, Wet cup (Med.), a cup used for dry or wet cupping. See
under Cupping.
 -- To be in one's cups, to be drunk.

CUP
Cup, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cupped (kpt); p. pr. & vb. n. Cupping.]

1. To supply with cups of wine. [R.]
Cup us, till the world go round. Shak.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: To apply a cupping apparatus to; to subject to the operation of
cupping. See Cupping.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: To make concave or in the form of a cup; as, to cup the end of
a screw.

CUPBEARER
Cup"bear`er (-br`r), n.

1. One whose office it is to fill and hand the cups at an
enterainment.

2. (Antiq.)

Defn: One of the attendants of a prince or noble, permanently charged
with the performance of this office for his master. "I was the king's
cupbearer." Neh. i. 11.

CUPBOARD
Cup"board (kb"brd), n. Etym: [Cup + board.]

1. A board or shelf for cups and dishes. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. A small closet in a room, with shelves to receive cups, dishes,
food, etc.; hence, any small closet. Cupboard love, interested love,
or that which has an eye to the cupboard. "A cupboard love is seldom
true." Poor Robin. [Colloq.] -- To cry cupboard, to call for food; to
express hunger. [Colloq.] "My stomach cries cupboard." W. Irving.

CUPBOARD
Cup"board, v. t.

Defn: To collect, as into a cupboard; to hoard. [R.] Shak.

CUPEL
Cu"pel (k"pl), n. Etym: [LL. cupella cup (cf. L. cupella, small cask,
dim. of cupa) : cf. F. coupelle. See Cup, and cf. Coblet.]

Defn: A shallow porus cup, used in refining precious metals, commonly
made of bone ashes (phosphate of lime). [Written also coppel.] Cupel
dust, powder used in purifying metals.

CUPEL
Cu*pel" (k-pl"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cupelled (-pld"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cupelling.]

Defn: To refine by means of a cupel.

CUPELLATION
Cu`pel*la"tion (k`pl-l"shn), n. Etym: [See Cupel.]

Defn: The act or process of refining gold or silver, etc., in a
cupel.

Note: The process consist in exposing the cupel containing the metal
to be assayed or refined to a hot blast, by which the lead, copper,
tin, etc., are oxidized, dissolved, and carried down into the porous
cupel, leaving the unoxidizable precious metal. If lead is not
already present in the alloy it must be added before cupellation.

CUPFUL
Cup"ful (kp"fl), n.; pl. Cupfuls (-f.

Defn: As much as a cup will hold.

CUP-GALL
Cup"-gall` (-gl`), n.

Defn: A kind of oak-leaf gall. See Gall.

CUPID
Cu"pid (k"pd), n . Etym: [L.Cupido, fr. cupido desire, desire of
love, fr. cupidus. See Cupidity.] (Rom. Myth.)

Defn: The god of love, son of Venus; usually represented as a naked,
winged boy with bow and arrow.
Pretty dimpled boys, like smiling cupids. Shak.

CUPIDITY
Cu*pid"i*ty (k-pd"-t), n. Etym: [F. cupidite, L. cupiditas, fr.
cupidus longing, desiring, fr. cupere to long for, desire. See
Covet.]

1. A passionate desire; love. [Obs.]

2. Eager or inordinate desire, especially for wealth; greed of gain;
avarice; covetousness.
With the feelings of political distrust were mingled those of
cupidity and envy, as the Spaniard saw the fairest provinces of the
south still in the hands of the accursed race of Ishmael. Prescott.

CUP-MOSS
Cup"-moss` (kp"ms`; 115), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of lichen, of the genus Cladonia.

CUPOLA
Cu"po*la (k"p-l), n.; pl. Cupolas (-l. Etym: [It. cupola, LL. cupula,
cuppula (cf. L. cupula little tub). fr. cupa, cuppa, cup; cf. L. cupa
tub. So called on account of its resemblance to a cup turned over.
See Cup, and cf.Cupule.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A roof having a rounded form, hemispherical or nearly so; also,
a celing having the same form. When on a large scale it is usually
called dome.

2. A small structure standing on the top of a dome; a lantern.

3. A furnace for melting iron or other metals in large quantity, --
used chiefly in foundries and steel works.

4. A revoling shot-proof turret for heavy ordnance.

5. (Anat.)

Defn: The top of the spire of the cochlea of the ear.

CUPPER
Cup"per (kp"pr), n. Etym: [Fropm cup.]

Defn: One who performs the operation of cupping.

CUPPING
Cup"ping (kp"png), n. (Med.)

Defn: The operation of drawing blood to or from the surface of the
person by forming a partial vacuum over the spot. Also, sometimes, a
similar operation for drawing pus from an abscess. Cupping glass, a
glass cup in which a partial vacuum is produced by heat, in the
process of cupping.
 -- Dry cupping, the application of a cupping instrument without
scarification, to draw blood to the surface, produce counter
irritation, etc.
 -- Wet cupping, the operation of drawing blood by the application of
a cupping instrument after scarification.

CUPPY
Cup"py, a.

1. Hollow; cuplike; also, full of cups, or small depressions.

2.  Characterized by cup shakes; -- said of timber.

CUPREOUS
Cu"pre*ous (k"pr-s), a. Etym: [L. cupreus, fr. cuprum.]

Defn: Consisting of copper or resembling copper; coppery.

CUPRIC
Cu"pric (k"prk), a Etym: [From Cuprum.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, copper; containing copper;
-- said of those compounds of copper in which this element is present
in its lowest proportion.

CUPRIFEROUS
Cu*prif"er*ous (k-prf"r-s), a. Etym: [Cuprum + -ferous.]

Defn: Containing copper; as, cupriferous silver.

CUPRITE
Cu"prite (k"prt), n. (Min.)

Defn: The red oxide of copper; red copper; an important ore of
copper, occurring massive and in isometric crystals.

CUPROID
Cu"proid (k"proid), n. Etym: [Cuprum + -oid.]

Defn: (Crystalloq.) A solid related to a tetrahedron, and contained
under twelve equal triangles.

CUP-ROSE
Cup"-rose (kp"rz), n.

Defn: Red poppy. See Cop-rose.

CUPROUS
Cu"prous (k"prs), a. Etym: [From Cuprum.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, copper; containing copper;
-- said of those compounds of copper in which this element is present
in its highest proportion.

CUPRUM
Cu"prum (k"prm), n. Etym: [L.] (Chem.)

Defn: Copper.

CUP SHAKE
Cup shake. (Forestry)

Defn: A shake or fissure between the annual rings of a tree, found
oftenest near the roots.

CUPULATE
Cu"pu*late (k"p-lt), a.

Defn: Having or bearing cupeles; cupuliferous.

CUPULE
Cu"pule (k"pl), n. Etym: [See Cupola.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A cuplet or little cup, as the acorn; the husk or bur of the
filbert, chestnut, etc.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sucker or acetabulum.

CUPULIFEROUS
Cu`pu*lif"er*ous (k`p-lf"r-s), a. Etym: [Cupule + -ferous: cf. F.
cupulif.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants ot which
the oak and the chestnut are examples, -- trees bearing a smooth,
solid nut inclosed in some kind of cup or bur; bearing, or furnished
with, a cupule.

CUR
Cur (kr), n. Etym: [OE. curre, kur; cf. dial. Sw. kurre dog, OD.
korre watchdog, and Icel. kurra to murmur, grumble, Sw. kurra to
rumble, croak, Dan. kurre to coo, whirr; prob. of imitative origin.]

1. A mongrel or inferior dog.
They . . . like to village curs, Bark when their fellows do. Shak.

2. A worthless, snarling fellow; -- used in contempt.
What would you have, you curs, That like nor peace nor war Shak.

CURABILITY
Cur`a*bil"i*ty (kr`-bl"-t), n.

Defn: The state of being curable; curableness.

CURABLE
Cur"a*ble (kr"-b'l), a. Etym: [Cf. F. curable. See Cure, v. t.]

Defn: Capable of being cured; admitting remedy. "Curable diseases."
Harvey.
 -- Cur"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Cur`a*bly, adv.

CURACAO; CURACOA
Cu`ra*çao", Cu`ra*çoa", (k`r-s"), n.

Defn: A liqueur, or cordial, flavored with orange peel, cinnamon, and
mace; -- first made at the island of Curaçcao.

CURACY
Cu"ra*cy (k"r-s), n.; pl. Curacies (-s. Etym: [See Cure, Curate.]

Defn: The office or employment of a curate.

CURARE; CURARI
Cu*ra"re Cu*ra"ri (k-r"r), n. Etym: [Native name. Cf. Wourall.]

Defn: A black resinoid extract prepared by the South American Indians
from the bark of several species of Strychnos (S. toxifera, etc.). It
sometimes has little effect when taken internally, but is quickly
fatal when introduced into the blood, and used by the Indians as an
arrow poison. [Written also urari, woorali, woorari, etc.]

CURARINE
Cu"ra*rine (k"r-rn or k-r"rn; 104), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A deadly alkaloid extracted from the curare poison and from the
Strychnos toxifera. It is obtained in crystalline colorless salts.

CURARIZE
Cu"ra*rize (-rz), v. t.

Defn: To poison with curare.

CURASSOW
Cu*ras"sow (k-rs"s), n. Etym: [Native name in Brazil.] (Zool.)

Defn: A large gallinaceous bird of the American genera Crax, Ourax,
etc., of the family Cracidæ.

Note: The crested curassow (Crax alector) is black, and about the
size of a small hen-turkey, with an erectile crest of curled
feathers. It ranges from Mexico to Brazil. The galeated curassow or
cushew bird (Ourax Pauxi) is similar in size, and has a large,
hollow, blue, pear-shaped protuberance on the head.

CURAT
Cu"rat (k"rt), n. Etym: [SeeCuirass.]

Defn: A cuirass or breastplate. [Obs.] Spenser.

CURATE
Cu"rate (k"rt), n. Etym: [LL. curatus, prop., one who is charged with
the care (L. cura) of souls. See Cure, n., and cf. Cur]

Defn: One who has the cure souls; originally, any clergyman, but now
usually limited to one who assist a rector or vicar Hook.
All this the good old man performed alone, He spared no pains, for
curate he had none. Dryden.

CURATESHIP
Cu"rate*ship, n.

Defn: A curacy.

CURATION
Cu*ra"tion (k-r"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. OF.curacion.]

Defn: Cure; healing. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CURATIVE
Cur"a*tive (kr"-tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F.curatif. See Cure, v. t.]

Defn: Relating to, or employed in, the cure of diseases; tending to
cure. Arbuthnot.

CURATOR
Cu*ra"tor (k-r"tr). n. Etym: [L., fr. curare to take care of, fr.
cura care.]

1. One who has the care and superintendence of anything, as of a
museum; a custodian; a keeper.

2. One appointed to act as guardian of the estate of a person not
legally competent to manage it, or of an absentee; a trustee; a
guardian.

CURATORSHIP
Cu*ra"tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a curator.

CURATRIX
Cu*ra"trix (-trks), n. Etym: [L.]

1. A woman who cures.

2. A woman who is a guardian or custodian. Burrill.

CURB
Curb (krb), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Curbed (krbd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Curbing.] Etym: [F. courber to bend, curve, L.curvare, fr. curvus
bent, curved; cf. Gr. Curve.]

1. To bend or curve [Obs.]
Crooked and curbed lines. Holland.

2. To guide and manage, or restrain, as with a curb; to bend to one's
will; to subject; to subdue; to restrain; to confine; to keep in
check.
Part wield their arms, part curb the foaming steed. Milton.
Where pinching want must curbthy warm desires. Prior.

3. To furnish wich a curb, as a well; also, to restrain by a curb, as
a bank of earth.

CURB
Curb, v. i.

Defn: To bend; to crouch; to cringe. [Obs.]
Virtue itself of vice must pardon beg, Yea, curb and woo for leave to
do him good. Shak.

CURB
Curb, n.

1. That which curbs, restrains, or subdues; a check or hindbrance;
esp., a chain or strap attached to the upper part of the branches of
a bit, and capable of being drawn tightly against the lower jaw of
the horse.
He that before ran in the pastures wild Felt the stiff curb control
his angry jaws. Drayton.
By these men, religion,that should be The curb, is made the spur of
tyranny. Denham.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An assemblage of three or more pieces of timber, or a metal
member, forming a frame around an opening, and serving to maintain
the integrity of that opening; also, a ring of stone serving a
similar purpose, as at the eye of a dome.

3. A frame or wall round the mouth of a well; also, a frame within a
well to prevent the earth caving in.

4. A curbstone.

5. (Far.)

Defn: A swelling on the back part of the hind leg of a horse, just
behind the lowest part of the hock joint, generally causing lameness.
James Law. Curb bit, a stiff bit having branches by which a leverage
is obtained upon the jaws of horse. Knight.
 -- Curb pins (Horology), the pins on the regulator which restrain
the hairspring.
 -- Curb plate (Arch.), a plate serving the purpose of a curb.
 -- Deck curb. See under Deck.

CURBLESS
Curb"less, a.

Defn: Having no curb or restraint.

CURB ROOF
Curb" roof` (rf`).

Defn: A roof having a double slope, or composed, on each side, of two
parts which have unequal inclination; a gambrel roof.

CURBSTONE
Curb"stone` (krb"stn`), n.

Defn: A stone Curbstone broker.See under Broker.

CURCH
Curch (krch), n.

Defn: See Courche.

CURCULIO
Cur*cu"li*o (kr-r"l-), n.; pl. Curculios (-. Etym: [L., a grain
weevil.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a large group of beetles (Rhynchophora) of many genera;
-- called also weevils, snout beetles, billbeetles, and billbugs.
Many of the species are very destructive, as the plum curculio, the
corn, grain, and rice weevils, etc.

CURCULIONIDOUS
Cur`cu*li*on"i*dous (kr`-k-l-n"-ds), a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Curculionideæ, or weevil tribe.

CURCUMA
Cur"cu*ma (kr"k-m), n. Etym: [Cf. F., It., & Sp. curcuma; all fr. Ar.
kurkum. Cf. Turmeric.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the order Scitamineæ, including the
turmeric plant (Curcuma longa). Curcuma paper. (Chem.) See Turmeric
paper, under Turmeric.

CURCUMIN
Cur"cu*min (-mn), n. (Chem.)

Defn: The coloring principle of turmeric, or curcuma root, extracted
as an orange yellow crystalline substance, C14H14O4, with a green
fluorescence.

Note: It possesses acid properties and with alkalies forms brownish
salts. This change in color from yellow to brown is the
characteristic reaction of tumeric paper. See Turmeric paper, under
Turmeric.

CURD
Curd (krd), n. Etym: [Of Celtic origin; cf. Gael. gruth, Ir, gruth,
cruth, curd, cruthaim I milk.] [Sometimes written crud.]

1. The coagulated or thickened part of milk, as distingushed from the
whey, or watery part. It is eaten as food, especially when made into
cheese.
Curds and cream, the flower of country fare. Dryden.

2. The coagulated part of any liquid.

3. The edible flower head of certain brassicaceous plants, as the
broccoli and cauliflower.
Broccoli should be cut while the curd, as the flowering mass is
termed, is entire. R. Thompson.
Cauliflowers should be cut for use while the head, or curd, is still
close and compact. F. Burr.

CURD
Curd (krd), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Curded;p. pr. &* vb. n. Curding.]

Defn: To cause to coagulate or thicken; to cause to congeal; to
curdle.
Does it curd thy blood To say I am thy mother Shak.

CURD
Curd, v. i.

Defn: To become coagulated or thickened; to separate into curds and
whey Shak.

CURDINESS
Curd"i*ness (--ns), n.

Defn: The state of being curdy.

CURDLE
Cur"dle (kr"d'l), v. i. Etym: [From Curd.] [Sometimes written crudle
and cruddle.]

1. To change into curd; to coagulate; as, rennet causes milk to
curdle. Thomson.

2. To thicken; to congeal.
Then Mary could feel her heart's blood curdle cold. Southey.

CURDLE
Cur"dle, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Curdled (-d'ld); p.pr. & vb. n. Curdling
(-dlng).]

1. To change into curd; to cause to coagulate. "To curdle whites of
eggs" Boyle.

2. To congeal or thicken.
My chill blood is curdled in my veins. Dryden.

CURDLESS
Curd"less (krd"ls), a.

Defn: Destitute of curd.

CURDY
Curd"y (krd"), a.

Defn: Like curd; full of curd; coagulated. "A curdy mass." Arbuthnot.

CURE
Cure (k, n. Etym: [OF, cure care, F., also, cure, healing, cure of
souls, L. cura care, medical attendance, cure; perh. akin to cavere
to pay heed, E. cution. Cure is not related to care.]

1. Care, heed, or attention. [Obs.]
Of study took he most cure and most heed. Chaucer.
Vicarages of greatcure, but small value. Fuller.

2. Spiritual charge; care of soul; the office of a parish priest or
of a curate; hence, that which is committed to the charge of a parish
priest or of a curate; a curacy; as, to resign a cure; to obtain a
cure.
The appropriator was the incumbent parson, and had the cure of the
souls of the parishioners. Spelman.

3. Medical or hygienic care; remedial treatment of disease; a method
of medical treatment; as, to use the water cure.

4. Act of healing or state of being healed; restoration to health
from disease, or to soundness after injury.
Past hope! pastcure! past help. Shak.
I do cures to-day and to-morrow. Luke xii. 32.

5. Means of the removal of disease or evil; that which heals; a
remedy; a restorative.
Cold, hunger, prisons, ills without a cure. Dryden.
The proper cure of such prejudices. Bp. Hurd.

CURE
Cure, v. t. [imp.& p.p. Cured (krd); p. pr. & vb. n. Curing.] Etym:
[OF. curer to take care, to heal, F., only, to cleanse, L. curare to
take care, to heal, fr. cura. See Cure,.]

1. To heal; to restore to health, soundness, or sanity; to make well;
-- said of a patient.
The child was cured from that very hour. Matt. xvii. 18.

2. To subdue or remove by remedial means; to remedy; to remove; to
heal; -- said of a malady.
To cure this deadly grief. Shak.
Then he called his twelve disciples together, and gave them power . .
. to cure diseases. Luke ix. 1.

3. To set free from (something injurious or blameworthy), as from a
bad habit.
I never knew any man cured of inattention. Swift.

4. To prepare for preservation or permanent keeping; to preserve, as
by drying, salting, etc.; as, to cure beef or fish; to cure hay.

CURE
Cure, v. i.

1. To pay heed; to care; to give attention. [Obs.]

2. To restore health; to effect a cure.
Whose smile and frown, like to Achilles' spear, Is able with the
change to kill and cure. Shak.

3. To become healed.
One desperate grief cures with another's languish. Shak.

CURE
Cu`ré" (k`r"), n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. curatus. See Curate.]

Defn: A curate; a pardon.

CUREALL
Cure"*all` (kr"l`), n.

Defn: A remedy for all diseases, o

CURELESS
Cure"less, a.

Defn: Incapable of cure; incurable.
With patience undergo A cureless ill, since fate will have it so.
Dryden.

CURER
Cur"er (-r), n.

1. One who cures; a healer; a physician.

2. One who prepares beef, fish, etc., for preservation by drying,
salting, smoking, etc.

CURETTE
Cu*rette" (k-rt"), n.Etym: [F., fr. curer to cleanse.] (Med.)

Defn: A scoop or ring with either a blunt or a cutting edge, for
removing substances from the walls of a cavity, as from the eye, ear,
or womb.

CURFEW
Cur"few (kr"f), n. Etym: [OE. courfew, curfu, fr. OF. cuevrefu,
covrefeu, F. couvre-feu; covrir to cover + feu fire, fr. L. focus
fireplace, hearth. See Cover, and Focus.]

1. The ringing of an evening bell, originally a signal to the
inhabitants to cover fires, extinguish lights, and retire to rest, --
instituted by William the Conqueror; also, the bell itself.
He begins at curfew, and walks till the first cock. Shak.
The village curfew, as it tolled profound. Campbell.

2. A utensil for covering the fire. [Obs.]
For pans, pots, curfews, counters and the like. Bacon.

CURIA
Cu"ri*a (k"r-), n.; pl. Curle (-. Etym: [L.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)
(a) One of the thirty parts into which the Roman people were divided
by Romulus.
(b) The place of assembly of one of these divisions.
(c) The place where the meetings of the senate were held; the senate
house.

2. (Middle Ages)

Defn: The court of a sovereign or of a feudal lord; also; his
residence or his household. Burrill.

3. (Law)

Defn: Any court of justice.

4. The Roman See in its temporal aspects, including all the machinery
of administration; -- called also curia Romana.

CURIAL
Cu"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the papal curia; as, the curial etiquette
of the Vatican. -- n.

Defn: A member of a curia, esp. of that of Rome or the later Italian
sovereignties.

CURIALISM
Cu"ri*a*lism (k"r--lz'm), n.

Defn: The wiew or doctrins of the ultramontane party in the Latin
Church. Gladstone.

CURIALIST
Cu"ri*a*list (k"r--lst), n.

Defn: One who belongs to the ultramontane party in the Latin Church.
Shipley.

CURIALISTIC
Cu`ri*a*lis"tic (-ls"tk), a. Etym: [L.curialis belonging to the
imperial court, fr. curia, LL., also, counselors and retinue of a
king.]

1. Pertaining to a court.

2. Relating or belonging to the ultramonate party in the Latin
Church.

CURIALITY
Cu`ri*al"i*ty (-l"-t), n. Etym: [Cf. LL. curialitas courtesy, fr.
curialis.]

Defn: The privileges, prerogatives, or retinue of a court. [Obs.]
Bacon.

CURIET
Cu"ri*et (k"r-t), n.

Defn: A cuirass. [Obs.] Spenser.

CURING
Cur"ing (kr"ng),

Defn: p. a. & vb. n. of Cure. Curing house, a building in which
anything is cured; especially, in the West Indies, a building in
which sugar is drained and dried.

CURIO
Cu"ri*o (k"r-), n.; pl.Curios (-. Etym: [Abbreviation of curiosity.]

Defn: Any curiosity or article of virtu.
The busy world, which does not hunt poets as collectors hunt for
curios. F. Harrison.

CURIOLOGIC
Cu`ri*o*log"ic (--lj"k), a. Etym: [Gr. Cyriologic.]

Defn: Pertaining to a rude kind of hieroglyphics, in which a thing is
represented by its picture instead of by a symbol.

CURIOSITY
Cu`ri*os"i*ty (k`r-s"-t), n.; pl. Curiosities (-t. Etym: [OE.
curiouste, curiosite, OF. curioseté, curiosité, F. curiosit, fr. L.
curiositas, fr. curiosus. See Currious, and cf. Curio.]

1. The state or quality or being curious; nicety; accuracy;
exactness; elaboration. [Obs.] Bacon.
When thou wast in thy gilt and thy perfume, they mocked thee for too
much curiosity. Shak.
A screen accurately cut in tapiary work . . . with great curiosity.
Evelin.

2. Disposition to inquire, investigate, or seek after knowledge; a
desire to gratify the mind with new information or objects of
interest; inquisitiveness. Milton.

3. That which is curious, or fitted to excite or reward attention.
We took a ramble together to see the curiosities of this great town.
Addison.
There hath been practiced also a curiosity, to set a tree upon the
north side of a wall, and, at a little hieght, to draw it through the
wall, etc. Bacon.

CURIOSO
Cu`ri*o"so (k`r-"z or k`r-"s), n.; pl. Curiosos (-zor -s. Etym: [It.
See Curious.]

Defn: A virtuoso.

CURIOUS
Cu"ri*ous (k"r-s), a. Etym: [OF. curios, curius, F. curieux, L.
curiosus careful, inquisitive, fr. cura care. See Cure.]

1. Difficult to please or satisfy; solicitous to be correct; careful;
scrupulous; nice; exact. [Obs.]
Little curious in her clothes. Fuller.
How shall we, If he be curious, work upon his faith Bean &

2. Exhibiting care or nicety; artfully constructed; elaborate;
wrought with elegance or skill.
To devise curious works. Ex. xxxv. 32
His body couched in a curious bed. Shak.

3. Careful or anxious to learn; eager for knowledge; given to
research or inquiry; habitually inquisitive; prying; -- sometimes
with after or of.
It is a picurious after things that were elegant and beatiful should
not have been as curious as to their origin, their uses, and their
natural history. Woodward.

4. Exciting attention or inquiry; awakening surprise; inviting and
rewarding inquisitiveness; not simple or plain; strange; rare.
"Acurious tale" Shak.
A multitude of curious analogies. Mocaulay.
Many a quaint and curiousvolume of forgotten lore. E. A. Poe.
Abstruse investigations in recondite branches of learning or sciense
often bring to light curious results. C. J. Smith.
Curious arts, magic. [Obs.]
Many . . . which used curious arts brought their books together, and
burned them. Acts xix. 19.

Syn.
 -- Inquisitive; prying. See Inquisitive.

CURIOUSLY
Cu"ri*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a curious manner.

CURIOUSNESS
Cu"ri*ous*ness, n.

1. Carefulness; painstaking. [Obs.]
My father's care With curiousness and cost did train me up.
Massinger.

2. The state of being curious; exactness of workmanship; ingenuity of
contrivance.

3. Inquisitiveness; curiosity.

CURL
Curl (krl), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Curled (krld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Curling.] Etym: [Akin to D. krullen, Dan. kr, dial. Sw. krulla to
curl, crisp; possibly akin to E. crook. Cf. Curl, n., Cruller.]

1. To twist or form into ringlets; to crisp, as the hair.
But curl their locks with bodkins and with braid. Cascoigne.

2. To twist or make onto coils, as a serpent's body.
Of his tortuous train, Curled many a wanton wreath in sight of Eve.
Milton.

3. To deck with, or as with, curls; to ornament.
Thicker than the snaky locks That curledMegæra. Milton.
Curling with metaphors a plain intention. Herbert.

4. To raise in waves or undulations; to ripple.
Seas would be pools without the brushing air To curl the waves.
Dryden.

5. (Hat Making)

Defn: To shape (the brim) into a curve.

CURL
Curl, v. i.

1. To contract or bend into curis or ringlets, as hair; to grow in
curls or spirals, as a vine; to be crinkled or contorted; to have a
curly appearance; as, leaves lie curled on the ground.
Thou seest it [hair] will not curl by nature. Shak.

2. To move in curves, spirals, or undulations; to contract in curving
outlines; to bend in a curved form; to make a curl or curls. "Cirling
billows." Dryden.
Then round her slender waist he curled. Dryden.
Curling smokes from village tops are seen. Pope.
Gayly curl the waves before each dashing prow. Byron.
He smiled a king of sickly smile, and curled up on the floor. Bret
Harte.
. 358

3. To play at the game called curling. [Scot.]

CURL
Curl (krl), n. Etym: [Akin to D. krul, Dan. kr. See Curl, v. ]

1. A ringlet, especially of hair; anything of a spiral or winding
form.
Under a coronet, his flowing hair In curls on either cheek played.
Milton.

2. An undulating or waving line or streak in any substance, as wood,
glass, etc.; flexure; sinuosity.
If the glass of the prisms . . . be without those numberless waves or
curls which usually arise from the sand holes. Sir I. Newton.

3. A disease in potatoes, in which the leaves, at their first
appearance, seem curled and shrunken. Blue curls. (Bot.) See under
Blue.

CURLED
Curled (lrld), a.

Defn: Having curls; curly; sinuous; wavy; as, curled maple (maple
having fibers which take a sinnuous course). Curled hair (Com.), the
hair of the manes and tails of horses, prepared for upholstery
purposes. McElrath.

CURLEDNESS
Curl"ed*ness, n.

Defn: State of being curled; curliness.

CURLER
Curl"er (-r), n.

1. One who, or that which, curls.

2. A player at the game called curling. Burns.

CURLEW
Cur"lew (kr"l), n. Etym: [F. courlieu, corlieu, courlis; perh. of
imitative origin, but cf. OF. corlieus courier; L. currere to run +
levis light.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wading bird of the genus Numenius, remarkable for its long,
slender, curved bill.

Note: The common European curlew is N. arquatus. The long-billed (N.
longirostris), the Hudsonian (N. Hudsonicus), and the Eskimo curlew
(N. borealis, are American species. The name is said to imitate the
note of the European species. Curlew Jack (Zoöl.) the whimbrel or
lesser curlew.
 -- Curlew sandpiper (Zoöl.), a sandpiper (Tringa ferruginea, or
subarquata), common in Europe, rare in America, resembling a curlew
in having a long, curved bill. See Illustation in Appendix.

CURLINESS
Curl"i*ness (krl"-ns), n.

Defn: State of being curly.

CURLING
Curl"ing, n.

1. The act or state of that which curls; as, the curling of smoke
when it rises; the curling of a ringlet; also, the act or process of
one who curls something, as hair, or the brim of hats.

2. A scottish game in which heavy weights of stone or iron are
propelled by hand over the ice towards a mark.
Curling . . . is an amusement of the winter, and played on the ice,
by sliding from one mark to another great stones of 40 to 70 pounds
weight, of a hemispherical form, with an iron or wooden handle at
top. The object of the player is to lay his stone as near to the mark
as possible, to guard that of his partner, which has been well laid
before, or to strike off that of his antagonist. Pennant (Tour in
Scotland. 1772).
Curling irons, Curling tong, an instrument for curling the hair; --
commonly heated when used.

CURLINGLY
Curl"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With a curl, or curls.

CURLY
Curl"y (krl"), a.

Defn: Curling or tending to curl; having curls; full of ripples;
crinkled.

CURLYCUE
Curl"y*cue (krl"-k), n. Etym: [Cf. F. caracole.]

Defn: Some thing curled or spiral,, as a flourish made with a pen on
paper, or with skates on the ice; a trick; a frolicsome caper.
[Sometimes written carlicue.] [ Colloq. U.S.] To cut a curlycue, to
make a flourish; to cut a caper.
I gave a flourishing about the room and cut a curlycue with my right
foot. McClintock.

CURMUDGEON
Cur*mudg"eon (kr-mj"n), n. Etym: [OE. cornmudgin, where -mudgin is
prob. from OF. muchier, mucier, F. musser to hide; of uncertain
origin; cf. OE. muchares skulking thieves, E. miche, micher.]

Defn: An avaricious, grasping fellow; a miser; a niggard; a churl.
A gray-headed curmudgeon of a negro. W. Irving.

CURMUDGEONLY
Cur*mudg"eon*ly, a.

Defn: Like a curmudgeon; niggardly; churlish; as, a curmudgeonly
fellow.

CURMURRING
Cur*mur"ring (kr-mr"rng), n.

Defn: Murmuring; grumbling; -- sometimes applied to the rumbling
produced by a slight attack of the gripes. [Scot.] Burns.

CURR
Curr (kr), v. i. Etym: [Prob. imitative.]

Defn: To coo. [Scot.]
The owlets hoot, the owlets curr. Wordsworth.

CURRANT
Cur"rant (kr"rant), n. Etym: [F. corinthe (raisins de Corinthe
raisins of Corinth) currant (in sense 1), from the city of Corinth in
Greece, whence, probably, the small dried grape (1) was first
imported, the Ribes fruit (2) receiving the name from its resemblance
to that grape.]

1. A small kind of seedless raisin, imported from the Levant, chiefly
from Zante and Cephalonia; -- used in cookery.

2. The acid fruit or berry of the Ribes rubrum or common red currant,
or of its variety, the white currant.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A shrub or bush of several species of the genus Ribes (a genus
also including the gooseberry); esp., the Ribes rubrum. Black
currant,a shrub or bush (Ribes nigrum and R. floridum) and its black,
strong-flavored, tonic fruit.
 -- Cherry currant, a variety of the red currant, having a strong,
symmetrical bush and a very large berry.
 -- Currant borer (Zoöl.), the larva of an insect that bores into the
pith and kills currant bushes; specif., the larvae of a small
clearwing moth (Ægeria tipuliformis) and a longicorn beetle
(Psenocerus supernotatus).
 -- Currant worm (Zoöl.), an insect larva which eats the leaves or
fruit of the currant. The most injurious are the currant sawfly
(Nematus ventricosus), introduced from Europe, and the spanworm
(Eufitchia ribearia). The fruit worms are the larva of a fly (Epochra
Canadensis), and a spanworm (Eupithecia).
 -- Flowering currant, Missouri currant, a species of Ribes (R.
aureum), having showy yellow flowers.

CURRENCY
Cur"ren*cy (kr"rn-c), n.; pl. Currencies (-s. Etym: [Cf. LL.
currentia a current, fr. L. currens, p. pr. of currere to run. See
Current.]

1. A continued or uninterrupted course or flow like that of a sream;
as, the currency of time. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

2. The state or quality of being current; general acceptance or
reception; a passing from person to person, or from hand to hand;
circulation; as, a report has had a long or general currency; the
currency of bank notes.

3. That which is in circulation, or is given and taken as having or
representing value; as, the currency of a country; a specie currency;
esp., government or bank notes circulating as a substitute for
metallic money.

4. Fluency; readiness of utterance. [Obs.]

5. Current value; general estimation; the rate at which anything is
generally valued.
He . . . takes greatness of kingdoms according to their bulk and
currency, and not after intrinsic value. Bacon.
The bare name of Englishman . . . too often gave a transient currency
to the worthless and ungrateful. W. Irving.

CURRENT
Cur"rent (kr"rent), a. Etym: [OE. currant, OF. curant, corant, p. pr.
of curre, corre, F. courre, courir, to run, from L. currere; perh.
akin to E. horse. Cf. Course, Concur, Courant, Coranto.]

1. Running or moving rapidly. [Archaic]
Like the current fire, that renneth Upon a cord. Gower.
To chase a creature that was current then In these wild woods, the
hart with golden horns. Tennyson.

2. Now passing, as time; as, the current month.

3. Passing from person to person, or from hand to hand; circulating
through the community; generally received; common; as, a current
coin; a current report; current history.
That there was current money in Abraham's time is past doubt.
Arbuthnot.
Your fire-new stamp of honor is scarce current. Shak.
His current value, which is less or more as men have occasion for
him. Grew.

4. Commonly estimated or acknowledged.

5. Fitted for general acceptance or circulation; authentic; passable.
O Buckingham, now do I play the touch To try if thou be current gold
indeed. Shak.
Account current. See under Account.
 -- Current money, lawful money. Abbott.

CURRENT
Cur"rent, n. Etym: [Cf. F. courant. See Current, a. ]

1. A flowing or passing; onward motion. Hence: A body of fluid moving
continuously in a certain direction; a stream; esp., the swiftest
part of it; as, a current of water or of air; that which resembles a
stream in motion; as, a current of electricity.
Two such silver currents, when they join, Do glorify the banks that
bound them in. Shak.
The surface of the ocean is furrowed by currents, whose direction . .
. the navigator should know. Nichol.

2. General course; ordinary procedure; progressive and connected
movement; as, the current of time, of events, of opinion, etc.
Current meter, an instrument for measuring the velocity, force, etc.,
of currents.
 -- Current mill, a mill driven by a current wheel.
 -- Current wheel, a wheel dipping into the water and driven by the
current of a stream or by the ebb and flow of the tide.

Syn.
 -- Stream; course. See Stream.

CURRENTLY
Cur"rent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a current manner; generally; commonly; as, it is currently
believed.

CURRENTNESS
Cur"rent*ness, n.

1. The quality of being current; currency; circulation; general
reception.

2. Easiness of pronunciation; fluency. [Obs.]
When currentness [combineth] with staidness, how can the language . .
. sound other than most full of sweetness Camden.

CURRICLE
Cur"ri*cle (kr"r-k'l), n. Etym: [L.curriculum a running, a race
course, fr. currere to run. See Current, and cf. Curriculum.]

1. A small or short course.
Upon a curricle in this world depends a long course of the next. Sir
T. Browne.

2. A two-wheeled chaise drawn by two horses abreast.

CURRICULUM
Cur*ric"u*lum (kr-rk"-lm), n.; pl. E. Curriculums (-lCurricula (-l.
Etym: [L. See Curricle.]

1. A race course; a place for running.

2. A course; particularly, a specified fixed course of study, as in a
university.

CURRIE
Cur"rie (kr"r), n. & v.

Defn: See 2d & 3d Curry.

CURRIED
Cur"ried (-r, p.a. Etym: [See Curry, v. t., and Curry, n.]

1. Dressed by currying; cleaned; prepared.

2. Prepared with curry; as, curried rice, fowl, etc.

CURRIER
Cur"ri*er (k"r-r), n. Etym: [From 1st Curry.]

Defn: One who curries and dresses leather, after it is tanned.

CURRISH
Cur"rish (kr"rsh), a. Etym: [From Cur.]

Defn: Having the qualities, or exhibiting the characteristics, of a
cur; snarling; quarrelsome; snappish; churlish; hence, also
malicious; malignant; brutal.
Thy currish spirit Governed a wolf. Shak.
Some currish plot, -- some trick. Lockhart.
-- Cur"rish*ly, adv.
 -- Cur"rish*ness, n.

CURRY
Cur"ry (kr"r), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Curried (-rd); p.pr. & vb. n.
Currying.] Etym: [OE. curraien, curreien, OF. cunreer, correier, to
prepare, arrange, furnish, curry (a horse), F. corroyer to curry
(leather) (cf. OF. conrei, conroi, order, arrangement, LL.
conredium); cor- (L.com-) + roi, rei, arrangement, order; prob. of
German origin, and akin to E. ready. See Ready, Greith, and cf.
Corody, Array.]

1. To dress or prepare for use by a process of scraping, cleansing,
beating, smoothing, and coloring; -- said of leather.

2. To dress the hair or coat of (a horse, ox, or the like) with a
currycomb and brush; to comb, as a horse, in order to make clean.
Your short horse is soon curried. Beau. & FL.

3. To beat or bruise; to drub; -- said of persons.
I have seen him curry a fellow's carcass handsomely. Beau. & FL.
To curry favor, to seek to gain favor by flattery or attentions. See
Favor, n.

CURRY
Cur"ry, n. Etym: [Tamil kari.] [Written also currie.]

1. (Cookery)

Defn: A kind of sauce much used in India, containing garlic, pepper,
ginger, and other strong spices.

2. A stew of fowl, fish, or game, cooked with curry. Curry powder
(Cookery), a condiment used for making curry, formed of various
materials, including strong spices, as pepper, ginger, garlic,
coriander seed, etc.

CURRY
Cur"ry (kr"r), v. t.

Defn: To flavor or cook with curry.

CURRYCOMB
Cur"ry*comb` (kr"r-km`), n.

Defn: A kind of card or comb having rows of metallic teeth or
serrated ridges, used in curryng a horse.

CURRYCOMB
Cur"ry*comb`, v. t.

Defn: To comb with a currycomb.

CURSE
Curse (krs), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Cursed (krst) or Curst; p. pr. & vb.
n. Cursing.] Etym: [AS. cursian, corsian, perh. of Scand. origin; cf.
Dan. korse to make the sign of the cross, Sw. korsa, fr. Dan. & Sw.
kors cross, Icel kross, all these Scand. words coming fr. OF. crois,
croiz, fr. L. crux cross. Cf. Cross.]

1. To call upon divine or supernatural power to send injury upon; to
imprecate evil upon; to execrate.
Thou shalt not . . . curse the ruler of thy people. Ex. xxii. 28.
Ere sunset I'll make thee curse the deed. Shak.

2. To bring great evil upon; to be the cause of serious harm or
unhappiness to; to furnish with that which will be a cause of deep
trouble; to afflict or injure grievously; to harass or torment.
On impious realms and barbarous kings impose Thy plagues, and curse
'em with such sons as those. Pope.
To curse by bell, book, and candle. See under Bell.

CURSE
Curse, v. i.

Defn: To utter imprecations or curses; to affirm or deny with
imprecations; to swear.
Then began he to curse and to swear. Matt. xxi. 74.
His spirits hear me, And yet I need must curse. Shak.

CURSE
Curse, n. Etym: [AS. curs. See Curse, v. t.]

1. An invocation of, or prayer for, harm or injury; malediction.
Lady, you know no rules of charity, Which renders good for bad,
blessings for curses. Shak.

2. Evil pronounced or invoked upon another, solemnly, or in passion;
subjection to, or sentence of, divine condemnation.
The priest shall write these curses in a book. Num. v. 23.
Curses, like chickens, come home to roost. Old Proverb.

3. The cause of great harm, evil, or misfortune; that which brings
evil or severe affliction; torment.
The common curse of mankind, folly and ignorance. Shak.
All that I eat, or drink, or shall beget, Is propagated curse.
Milton.
The curse of Scotland (Card Playing), the nine of diamonds.
 -- Not worth a curse. See under Cress.

Syn.
 -- Malediction; imprecation; execration. See Malediction.

CURSED
Curs"ed (krs"d), a.

Defn: Deserving a curse; execrable; hateful; detestable; abominable.
Let us fly this cursed place. Milton.
This cursed quarrel be no more renewed. Dryden.

CURSEDLY
Curs"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a cursed manner; miserably; in a manner to be detested;
enormously. [Low]

CURSEDNESS
Curs"ed*ness, n.

1. The state of being under a curse or of being doomed to execration
or to evil.

2. Wickedness; sin; cursing. Chaucer.

3. Shrewishness. "My wife's cursedness." Chaucer.

CURSER
Curs"er (krs"r), n.

Defn: One who curses.

CURSHIP
Cur"ship (kr"shp), n. Etym: [Cur +-ship.]

Defn: The state of being a cur; one who is currish. [Jocose]
How durst he, I say, oppose thy curship! Hudibras.

CURSITATING
Cur"si*ta`ting (kr"s-t`tng), a. Etym: [See Cursitor.]

Defn: Moving about slightly. [R.] H. Bushnell.

CURSITOR
Cur"si*tor (kr"s-tr), n. Etym: [LL. cursitor, equiv. to L. cursor,
fr. cursare to run hither and thither, fr. currere to run. See
Current, and cf. Cursor.]

1. A courier or runner. [Obs.] "Cursitors to and fro." Holland.

2. (Eng.Law)

Defn: An officer in the Court of Chancery, whose business is to make
out original writs.

CURSIVE
Cur"sive (kr"sv), a. Etym: [LL. cursivus: cf. F. cursif See
Cursitor.]

Defn: Running; flowing. Cursive hand,a running handwriting.

CURSIVE
Cur"sive, n.

1. A character used in cursive writing.

2. A manuscript, especially of the New Testament, written in small,
connected characters or in a running hand; -- opposed to uncial.
Shipley.

CURSOR
Cur"sor (kr"sr), n. Etym: [L., a runner. See Cursitor.]

Defn: Any part of a mathematical instrument that moves or slides
backward and forward upon another part.

CURSORARY
Cur"so*ra*ry (-s-r-r), a.

Defn: Cursory; hasty. [Obs.]
With a cursorary eye o'erglanced the articles. Shak.

CURSORES
Cur*so"res (kr-s"rEz), n. pl. Etym: [L. cursor, pl. cursores, a
runner.] (Zoöl.)
(a) An order of running birds including the ostrich, emu, and allies;
the Ratitaæ.
(b) A group of running spiders; the wolf spiders.

CURSORIAL
Cur*so"ri*al (kr-s"r-al), a. (Zoöl.)
(a) Adapted to running or walking, and not to prehension; as, the
limbs of the horse are cursorial. See Illust. of Aves.
(b) Of or pertaining to the Cursores.

CURSORILY
Cur"so*ri*ly (kr"s-r-l), adv.

Defn: In a running or hasty manner; carelessly.

CURSORINESS
Cur"so*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being cursory; superficial performance; as,
cursoriness of view.

CURSORY
Cur"so*ry (kr"s-r), a. Etym: [L. cursorius, fr. cursor. See Cursor.]

1. Running about; not stationary. [Obs.]

2. Characterized by haste; hastily or superficially performed;
slight; superficial; careless.
Events far too important to be treated in a cursory manner. Hallam.

CURST
Curst (krst),

Defn: imp. & p.p. of Curse.

CURST
Curst, a. Etym: [SeeCurse.]

Defn: Froward; malignant; mischievous; malicious; snarling. [Obs.]
Though his mind Be ne'er so curst, his tonque is kind. Crashaw.

CURSTFULLY
Curst"ful*ly (-fl-l), adv.

Defn: Peevishly; vexatiously; detestably. [Obs.] "Curstfully mad."
Marston.

CURSTNESS
Curst"ness (krst"ns), n.

Defn: Peevishness; malignity; frowardness; crabbedness; surliness.
[Obs.] Shak.

CURT
Curt (krt), a. Etym: [L. curtus; cf. Skr. kart to cut. Cf. Curtail.]

Defn: Characterized by exessive brevity; short; rudely concise; as,
curt limits; a curt answer.
The curt, yet comprehensive reply. W. Irving.

CURTAIL
Cur*tail" (kr-tl"), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Curtailed (-tld"); p.pr. &
vb.n. Curtailing.] Etym: [See Curtal.]

Defn: To cut off the end or tail, or any part, of; to shorten; to
abridge; to diminish; to reduce.
I, that am curtailed of this fair proportion. Shak.
Our incomes have been curtailed; his salary has been doubled.
Macualay.

CURTAIL
Cur"tail (kr"tl), n.

Defn: The scroll termination of any architectural member, as of a
step, etc.

CURTAIL DOG
Cur"tail dog` (d.

Defn: A dog with a docked tail; formerly, the dog of a person not
qualified to course, which, by the forest laws, must have its tail
cut short, partly as a mark, and partly from a notion that the tail
is necessary to a dog in running; hence, a dog not fit for sporting.
Hope is a curtail dog in some affairs. Shak.

CURTAILER
Cur*tail"er (kr-tl"r), n.

Defn: One who curtails.

CURTAILMENT
Cur*tail"ment (kr-tl"ment), n.

Defn: The act or result of curtailing or cutting off. Bancroft.

CURTAIN
Cur"tain (kr"tn; 48), n. Etym: [OE.cortin, curtin,fr. OF. cortine,
curtine, F. courtine, LL. cortina, curtian (in senses 1 and 2), also,
small court, small inclosure surrounded by walls, from cortis court.
See Court.]

1. A hanging screen intended to darken or conceal, and admitting of
being drawn back or up, and reclosed at pleasure; esp., drapery of
cloth or lace hanging round a bed or at a window; in theaters, and
like places, a movable screen for concealing the stage.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: That part of the rampart and parapet which is between two
bastions or two gates. See Illustrations of Ravelin and Bastion.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: That part of a wall of a building which is between two
pavilions, towers, etc.

4. A flag; an ensign; -- in contempt. [Obs.] Shak. Behind the
curtain, in concealment; in secret.
 -- Curtain lecture, a querulous lecture given by a wife to her
husband within the bed curtains, or in bed. Jerrold.
A curtain lecture is worth all the sermons in the world for teaching
the virtues of patience and long-suffering. W. Irving.
-- The curtain falls, the performance closes.
 -- The curtain rises, the performance begins.
 -- To draw the curtain, to close ot over an object, or to remove it;
hence: (a) To hide or to disclose an object. (b) To commence or close
a performance.
 -- To drop the curtain, to end the tale, or close the performance.

CURTAIN
Cur"tain, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Curtained (-tnd; 48); p. pr. & vb. n.
Curtaining.]

Defn: To inclose as with curtains; to furnish with curtains.
So when the sun in bed Curtained with cloudy red. Milton.

CURTAL
Cur"tal (kr"tal), a. Etym: [OF. courtault, F. courtaud, having a
docked tail (cf. It. cortaldo), fr. court short, L. curtus. See Curt,
and Curtail.]

Defn: Curt; brief; laconic.
Essays and curtal aphorisms. Milton.
Curtal dog. See Curtail dog.

CURTAL
Cur"tal, n.

Defn: A horse with a docked tail; hence, anything cut short. [Obs]
Nares.

CURTAL AX; CURTLE AX; CURTELASSE
Cur"tal ax`, Cur"tle ax`, Curte"lasse (krt"las).

Defn: A corruption of Cutlass.

CURTAL FRIAR
Cur"tal fri`ar (fr`r).

Defn: A friar who acted as porter at the gate of a monastery. Sir W.
Scott.

CURTANA
Cur*ta"na (kr-t"n), n.

Defn: The pointless sword carried before English monarchs at their
coronation, and emblematically considered as the sword of mercy; --
also called the sword of Edward the Confessor.

CURTATE
Cur"tate (kr"tt), a. Etym: [L. curtatus, p.p. of curtare to shorten,
fr. curtus. See Curt.] (Astron.)

Defn: Shortened or reduced; -- said of the distance of a planet from
the sun or earth, as measured in the plane of the ecliptic, or the
distance from the sun or earth to that point where a perpendicular,
let fall from the planet upon the plane of the ecliptic, meets the
ecliptic. Curtate cycloid. (Math.) See Cycloid.

CURTATION
Cur*ta"tion (kr-t"shn), n. (Astron.)

Defn: The interval by which the curtate distance of a planet is less
than the true distance.

CURTEIN
Cur*tein" (kr-tn"), n.

Defn: Same as Curtana.

CURTES
Cur*tes" (kr-ts"), a.

Defn: Courteous. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CURTESY
Cur"te*sy (kr"t-s), n.; pl. Curtesies (-s. Etym: [Either fr.
courlesy, the lands being held as it were by favor; or fr. court (LL.
curtis), the husband being regarded as holding the lands as a vassal
of the court. See Court, Courtesy.] (Law)

Defn: the life estate which a husband has in the lands of his
deceased wife, which by the common law takes effect where he has had
issue by her, born alive, and capable of inheriting the lands. Mozley
& W.

CURTILAGE
Cur"ti*lage (k, n. Etym: [OF. cortillage, curtillage, fr. cortil
court, courtyard, LL. cortis court. See Court.] (Law)

Defn: A yard, courtyard, or piece of ground, included within the
fence surrounding a dwelling house. Burrill.

CURTLY
Curt"ly (krt"l), adv.

Defn: In a curt manner.

CURTNESS
Curt"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of bing curt.

CURTSY
Curt"sy (krt"s), n.

Defn: Same as Courtesy, an act of respect.

CURULE
Cu"rule (k"rl), a. Etym: [L. curulis, fr. currus a charoit: cf. F.
curule.]

1. Of or pertaining to a charoit.

2. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a kind of chair appropriated to Roman
magistrates and dignitaries; pertaining to, having, or conferring,
the right to sit in the curule chair; hence, official.

Note: The curule chair was usually shaped like a camp stool, and
provided with curved legs. It was at first ornamented with ivory, and
later sometimes made of ivory and inlaid with gold. Curule dignity
right of sitting in the curule chair.

CURURO
Cu*ru"ro (k-r"r), n. Etym: [Chilian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Chilian burrowing rodent of the genus Spalacopus.

CURVAL; CURVANT
Cur"val (kr"val), Cur"vant (-vant), a. Etym: [L. curvans, p. pr. ]
(Her.)

Defn: Bowed; bent; curved.

CURVATE; CURVATED
Cur"vate (kr"vt), Cur"va*ted (-v-td), a. Etym: [L. curvatus p. p. of
curvare to curve, fr. curvus. See Curve.]

Defn: Bent in a regular form; curved.

CURVATION
Cur*va"tion (kr-v"shn), n. Etym: [L. curvatio.]

Defn: The act of bending or crooking.

CURVATIVE
Cur"va*tive (kr"v-tv), a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the margins only a little curved; -- said of leaves.
Henslow.

CURVATURE
Cur"va*ture (kr"v-tr; 135), n. Etym: [L. curvatura. See Curvate.]

1. The act of curving, or the state of being bent or curved; a
curving or bending, normal or abnormal, as of a line or surface from
a rectilinear direction; a bend; a curve. Cowper.
The elegant curvature of their fronds. Darwin.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The amount of degree of bending of a mathematical curve, or the
tendency at any point to depart from a tangent drawn to the curve at
that point. Aberrancy of curvature (Geom.), the deviation of a curve
from a curcular form. -Absolute curvature. See under Absolute.
 -- Angle of curvature (Geom.), one that expresses the amount of
curvature of a curve.
 -- Chord of curvature. See under Chord.
 -- Circle of curvature. See Osculating circle of a curve, under
Circle.
 -- Curvature of the spine (Med.), an abnormal curving of the spine,
especially in a lateral direction.
 -- Radius of curvature, the radius of the circle of curvature, or
osculatory circle, at any point of a curve.

CURVE
Curve (krv), a. Etym: [L. curvus bent, curved. See Cirb.]

Defn: Bent without angles; crooked; curved; as, a curve line; a curve
surface.

CURVE
Curve, n. Etym: [See Curve, a., Cirb.]

1. A bending without angles; that wcich is bent; a flexure; as, a
curve in a railway or canal.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A line described according to some low, and having no finite
portion of it a straight line. Axis of a curve. See under Axis.
 -- Curve of quickest descent. See Brachystochrone.
 -- Curve tracing (Math.), the process of determining the shape,
location, singular points, and other perculiarities of a curve from
its equation.
 -- Plane curve (Geom.), a curve such that when a plane passes
through three points of the curve, it passes through all the other
points of the curve. Any other curve is called a curve of double
curvature, or a twisted curve.

CURVE
Curve, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Curved (krvd); p. pr. & vb. n. Curving.]
Etym: [L. curvare., fr. curvus. See Curve, a., Curb.]

Defn: To bend; to crook; as, to curve a line; to curve a pipe; to
cause to swerve from a straight course; as, to curve a ball in
pitching it.

CURVE
Curve, v. i.

Defn: To bend or turn gradually from a given direction; as, the road
curves to the right.

CURVEDNESS
Curv"ed*ness (-d-ns), n.

Defn: The state of being curved.

CURVET
Cur"vet (kr"vt or kr-vt"; 277), n. Etym: [OE. corvet, It.corvetta:
cf. F. courbette. See Curve, and cf. Corvetto.]

1. (Man.)

Defn: A particular leap of a horse, when he raises both his fore legs
at once, equally advanced, and, as his fore legs are falling, raises
his hind legs, so that all his legs are in the air at once.

2. A prank; a frolic.

CURVET
Cur"vet, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Curveted or -vetted; p.pr. & vb. n.
Curveting or -vetting.] Etym: [Cf. It. corvettare. See Curvet, n.]

1. To make a curvet; to leap; to bound. 'Oft and high he did curvet."
Drayton.

2. To leap and frisk; to frolic. Shak.

CURVET
Cur"vet, v. t.

Defn: To cause to curvet. Landor.

CURVICAUDATE
Cur`vi*cau"date (kr`v-k"dt), a. Etym: [L. curvus bent + E. caudate.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a curved or crooked tail.

CURVICOSTATE
Cur`vi*cos"tate (kr`v-ks"tt), a. Etym: [L. curvus + E. costate.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having bent ribs.

CURVIDENTATE
Cur`vi*den"tate (kr`v-dn"tt), a. Etym: [L. curvus + E. dentate.]

Defn: Having curved teeth.

CURVIFORM
Cur"vi*form (kr"v-frm), a. Etym: [L. curvus + -form.]

Defn: Having a curved form.

CURVILINEAD
Cur`vi*lin"e*ad (kr`v-ln"-d), n. (Geom.)

Defn: An instrument for drawing curved lines.

CURVILINEAL; CURVILINEAR
Cur`vi*lin"e*al (-al), Cur`vi*lin"e*ar (-r), a. Etym: [L. curvus bent
+ E. lineal, linear.]

Defn: Consisting of, or bounded by, curved lines; as, a curvilinear
figure.

CURVILINEARITY
Cur`vi*lin`e*ar"i*ty (-r"-t), n.

Defn: The state of being curvilinear or of being bounded by curved
lines.

CURVILINEARLY
Cur`vi*lin"e*ar*ly (-r-l), adv.

Defn: In a curvilinear manner.

CURVINERVED
Cur"vi*nerved` (-nrvd`), a. Etym: [L. curvus bent + E. nerve. ]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having the ribs or the veins of the leaves curved; -- called
also curvinervate and curve-veined.

CURVIROSTRAL
Cur`vi*ros"tral (-rs"tral), a. Etym: [L. curvus + E. rostral.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a crooked beak, as the crossbill.

CURVIROSTRES
Cur"vi*ros"tres (-rs"trz), n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. curvus curved +
rostrum beak, rostrum.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of passerine birds, including the creepers and
nuthatches.

CURVISERIAL
Cur`vi*se"ri*al (-s"r-al), a. Etym: [L. curvus bent + E. serial.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Distributed in a curved line, as leaves along a stem.

CURVITY
Cur"vi*ty (kr"v-y), n. Etym: [L. curvitas, from curvus bent: cf. F.
curvité.]

Defn: The state of being curved; a bending in a regular form;
crookedness. Holder.

CURVOGRAPH
Cur"vo*graph (kr"v-grf), n. Etym: [L. curvus bent + -graph.] (Geom.)

Defn: An arcograph.

CUSCUS
Cus"cus, n. [The same word as Couscous, fr. F. couscous couscous, Ar.
kuskus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A soft grass (Pennisetum typhoideum) found in all tropical
regions, used as food for men and cattle in Central Africa.

CUSCUS OIL
Cuscus oil.

Defn: Same as Vetiver oil.

CUSHAT
Cush"at (ksh"t), n. Etym: [AS. cusceote.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ringdove or wood pigeon.
Scarce with cushat's homely song can vie. Sir W. Scott.

CUSHEWBIRD
Cush"ew*bird (ksh"-brd`), n. (Zoöl)

Defn: The galeated curassow. See Curassow.

CUSHION
Cush"ion (ksh"n), n. Etym: [OE. cuischun, quisshen, OF. coissin,
cuissin, F. coussin, fr. (assumed) LL. culcitinum, dim. of L. culcita
cushion, mattress, pillow. See Quilt, and cf. Counterpoint a
coverlet.]

1. A case or bag stuffed with some soft and elastic material, and
used to sit or recline upon; a soft pillow or pad.
Two cushions stuffed with straw, the seat to raise. Dryden.

2. Anything resembling a cushion in properties or use; as:
(a) a pad on which gilders cut gold leaf;
(b) a mass of steam in the end of the cylinder of a steam engine to
receive the impact of the piston;
(c) the elastic edge of a billiard table.

3. A riotous kind of dance, formerly common at weddings; -- called
also cushion dance. Halliwell. Cushion capital.(Arch.) A capital so
sculptured as to appear like a cushion pressed down by the weight of
its entablature. (b) A name given to a form of capital, much used in
the Romanesque style, modeled like a bowl, the upper part of which is
cut away on four sides, leaving vertical faces.
 -- Cushion star (Zoöl.) a pentagonal starfish belonging to
Goniaster, Astrogonium, and other allied genera; -- so called from
its form.

CUSHION
Cush"ion (ksh"n), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Cushioned (-nd); p. pr. & vb.
Cushioning.]

1. To seat or place on, or as on a cushion.
Many who are cushioned on thrones would have remained in obscurity.
Bolingbroke.

2. To furnish with cushions; as, to cushion a chaise.

3. To conceal or cover up, as under a cushion. Cushioned hammer, a
dead-stroke hammer. See under Dead-stroke.

CUSHIONET
Cush"ion*et (ksh"n-t), n. Etym: [OF. coissinet, F. coussinet. See
Cushion, and cf. Coussinet.]

Defn: A little cushion.

CUSHIONLESS
Cush"ion*less, a.

Defn: Hot furnished with a cushion.
Rows of long, cushionless benches, supplying the place of pews.
Hawthorne.

CUSHION TIRE
Cushion tire.

Defn: A thick solid-rubber tire, as for a bicycle, with a hollow
groove running lengthwise on the inside.

CUSHIONY
Cush"ion*y (-), a.

Defn: Like a cushion; soft; pliable.
A flat and cushiony noce. Dickens.

CUSHITE
Cush"ite (ksh"t), n.

Defn: A descendant of Cush, the son of Ham and grandson of Noah.

CUSK
Cusk (ksk), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, edible, marine fish (Brosmius brosme), allied to the
cod, common on the northern coasts of Europe and America; -- called
also tusk and torsk.

CUSKIN
Cus"kin (ks"kn), n.

Defn: A kind of drinking cup. [Obs.]

CUSP
Cusp (ksp), n. Etym: [L. cuspis, -idis, point, pointed end.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A triangular protection from the intrados of an arch, or from
an inner curve of tracery.

2. (Astrol.)

Defn: The beginning or first entrance of any house in the
calculations of nativities, etc.

3. (Astron)

Defn: The point or horn of the crescent moon or other crescent-shaped
luminary.

4. (Math.)

Defn: A multiple point of a curve at which two or more branches of
the curve have a common tangent.

5. (Anat.)

Defn: A prominence or point, especially on the crown of a tooth.

6. (Bot.)

Defn: A sharp and rigid point.

CUSP
Cusp, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Cusped (kspt); p.pr. & vb. n. Cusping.]

Defn: To furnish with a cusp or cusps.

CUSPATED
Cus"pa*ted (ks"p-td), a.

Defn: Ending in a point.

CUSPID
Cus"pid (ks"pd), n. Etym: [See Cusp.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the canine teeth; -- so called from having but one point
or cusp on the crown. See Tooth.

CUSPIDAL
Cus"pi*dal (-p-dal), a. Etym: [From L. cuspis, cuspidis. See Cusp.]

Defn: Ending in a point.

CUSPIDATE
Cus"pi*date (-dt), v. t.

Defn: To make pointed or sharp.

CUSPIDATE; CUSPIDATED
Cus"pi*date (ks"p-dt), Cus"pi*da`ted (-d`td), a. Etym: [L.
cuspidatus, p.p. of cuspidare to make pointed, fr. cuspis. See Cusp.]

Defn: Having a sharp end, like the point of a spear; terminating in a
hard point; as, a cuspidate leaf.

CUSPIDOR
Cus"pi*dor (-dr), n. Etym: [Pg. cuspideria, fr. cuspir to spit.]

Defn: Any ornamental vessel used as a spittoon; hence, to avoid the
common term, a spittoon of any sort.

CUSPIS
Cus"pis (ks"ps), n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A point; a sharp end.

CUSSEDNESS
Cuss"ed*ness, n.  [Cussed (for cursed) + -ness.]

Defn: Disposition to willful wrongdoing; malignity; perversity;
cantankerousness; obstinacy. [Slang or Colloq., U. S.]

In her opinion it was all pure "cussedness."
Mrs. Humphry Ward.

Disputatiousness and perversity (what the Americans call
"cussedness").
James Bryce.

CUSTARD
Cus"tard (ks"trd), n. Etym: [Prob. the same word as OE. crustade,
crustate, a pie made with a crust, fr. L. crustatus covered with a
crust, p. p. of crustare, fr. crusta crust; cf. OF. croustade pasty,
It. crostata, or F. coutarde. See Crust, and cf. Crustated.]

Defn: A mixture of milk and eggs, sweetened, and baked or boiled.
Custard apple (Bot.), a low tree or shrub of tropical America,
including several species of Anona (A. squamosa, reticulata, etc.),
having a roundish or ovate fruit the size of a small orange,
containing a soft, yellowish, edible pulp.
 -- Custard coffin, pastry, or crust, which covers or coffins a
custard [Obs.] Shak.

CUSTODE
Cus"tode (ks"td), n. Etym: [F. or It. custode, fr. L. custos, -odis.]

Defn: See Custodian.

CUSTODIAL
Cus*to"di*al (ks-t"d-al), a. Etym: [Cf. F. custodial, fr. L.
custodia. See Custody.]

Defn: Relating to custody or guardianship.

CUSTODIAN
Cus*to"di*an (ks-t"d-an), n. Etym: [From Custody.]

Defn: One who has care or custody, as of some public building; a
keeper or superintendent.

CUSTODIANSHIP
Cus*to"di*an*ship, n.

Defn: Office or duty of a custodian.

CUSTODIER
Cus*to"di*er (-r), n. Etym: [Cf. LL. custodiarus.]

Defn: A custodian. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

CUSTODY
Cus"to*dy (ks"t-d), n. Etym: [L. custodia, fr. custos guard; prob.
akin to Gr. hide. Seee Hide to cover.]

1. A keeping or guarding; care, watch, inspection, for keeping,
preservation, or security.
A fleet of thirty ships for the custody of the narrow seas. Bacon.

2. Judicial or penal safe-keeping.
Jailer, take him to thy custody. Shak.

3. State of being guarded and watched to prevent escape; restraint of
liberty; confinement; imprisonment.
What pease will be given To us enslaved, but custody severe, And
stripes and arbitrary punishment Milton.

CUSTOM
Cus"tom (ks"tm), n. Etym: [OF. custume, costume, Anglo-Norman
coustome, F. coutume, fr. (assumed) LL. consuetumen custom, habit,
fr. L. consuetudo, -dinis, fr. consuescere to accustom, verb
inchoative fr. consuere to be accustomed; con- + suere to be
accustomed, prosuus one's own; akin to E. so, adv. Cf. Consuetude,
Costume.]

1. Frequent repetition of the same act; way of acting common to many;
ordinary manner; habitual practice; usage; method of doing or living.
And teach customs which are not lawful. Acts xvi. 21.
Moved beyong his custom, Gama said. Tennyson.
A custom More honored in the breach than the observance. Shak.

2. Habitual buying of goods; practice of frequenting, as a shop,
manufactory, etc., for making purchases or giving orders; business
support.
Let him have your custom, but not your votes. Addison.

3. (Law)

Defn: Long-established practice, considered as unwritten law, and
resting for authority on long consent; usage. See Usage, and
Prescription.

Note: Usage is a fact. Custom is a law. There can be no custom
without usage, though there may be usage without custom. Wharton.

4. Familiar aquaintance; familiarity. [Obs.]
Age can not wither her, nor custom stale Her infinite variety. Shak.
Custom of merchants, a system or code of customs by which affairs of
commerce are regulated.
 -- General customs, those which extend over a state or kingdom.
 -- Particular customs, those which are limited to a city or
district; as, the customs of London.

Syn.
 -- Practice; fashion. See Habit, and Usage.

CUSTOM
Cus"tom, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. costumer. Cf. Accustom.]

1. To make familiar; to accustom. [Obs.] Gray.

2. To supply with customers. [Obs.] Bacon.

CUSTOM
Cus"tom, v. i.

Defn: To have a custom. [Obs.]
On a bridge he custometh to fight. Spenser.

CUSTOM
Cus"tom, n. Etym: [OF. coustume, F. coutume, tax, i. e., the usual
tax. See 1st Custom.]

Defn: 1 the customary toll,tax, or tribute.
Render, therefore, to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute is due;
custom to whom custom. Rom. xiii. 7.

2. pl.

Defn: Duties or tolls imposed by law on commodities, imported or
exported.

CUSTOM
Cus"tom, v. t.

Defn: To pay the customs of. [Obs.] Marlowe.

CUSTOMABLE
Cus"tom*a*ble (--b'l), a. Etym: [Cf. OF. coustumable.]

1. Customary. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

2. Subject to the payment of customs; dutiable.

CUSTOMABLENESS
Cus"tom*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being customable; conformity to custom. [Obs.]

CUSTOMABLY
Cus"tom*a*bly, adv.

Defn: Usually. [Obs.] Milton.

CUSTOMARILY
Cus"tom*a*ri*ly (--r-l), adv.

Defn: In a customary manner; habitually.

CUSTOMARINESS
Cus"tom*a*ri*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being customary.

CUSTOMARY
Cus"tom*a*ry (ks"tm--r), a. Etym: [CF. OF. coustumier, F. coutumier.
See Custom, and cf. Customer.]

1. Agreeing with, or established by, custom; established by common
usage; conventional; habitual.
Even now I met him With customary compliment. Shak.
A formal customary attendance upon the offices. South.

2. (Law)

Defn: Holding or held by custom; as, customary tenants; customary
service or estate.

CUSTOMARY
Cus"tom*a*ry, n. Etym: [OF. coustumier, F. coutumier.]

Defn: A book containing laws and usages, or customs; as, the
Customary of the Normans. Cowell.

CUSTOMER
Cus"tom*er (ks"tm-r), n. Etym: [A doublet of customary, a.: cf. LL.
custumarius toll gatherer. See Custom.]

1. One who collect customs; a toll gatherer. [Obs.]
The customers of the small or petty custom and of the subsidy do
demand of them custom for kersey cloths. Hakluyt.

2. One who regularly or repeatedly makes purchases of a trader; a
purchaser; a buyer.
He has got at last the character of a good customer; by this means he
gets credit for something considerable, and then never pays for it.
Goldsmith.

3. A person with whom a business house has dealings; as, the
customers of a bank. J. A. H. Murray.

4. A peculiar person; -- in an indefinite sense; as, a queer
customer; an ugly customer. [Colloq.] Dickens.

5. A lewd woman. [Obs.] Shak.

CUSTOMHOUSE
Cus"tom*house" (-hous`), n.

Defn: The building where customs and duties are paid, and where
vessels are entered or cleared. Customhouse broker, an agent who acts
for merchants in the business of entering and clearing goods and
vessels.

CUSTOS
Cus"tos (ks"ts), n.; pl. Custodes (k. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A keeper; a custodian; a superintendent. [Obs.] Custos
rotulorum (r Etym: [LL., keeper of the rolls] (Eng. Law), the
principal justice of the peace in a county, who is also keeper of the
rolls and records of the sessions of the peace.

CUSTREL
Cus"trel (ks"trel), n Etym: [OF. coustillier. See Coistril.]

Defn: An armor-bearer to a knight. [Obs.]

CUSTREL
Cus"trel, n.

Defn: See Costrel. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

CUSTUMARY
Cus"tu*ma*ry (-t-m-r), a.

Defn: See Customary. [Obs.]

CUT
Cut (kt), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Cut; p.pr. & vb. n. Cutting.] Etym: [OE.
cutten, kitten, ketten; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. cwtau to
shorten, curtail, dock, cwta bobtailed, cwt tail, skirt, Gael.
cutaich to shorten, curtail, dock, cutach short, docked, cut a
bobtail, piece, Ir. cut a short tail, cutach bobtailed. Cf. Coot.]

1. To sparate the parts of with, or as with, a sharp instrument; to
make an incision in; to gash; to sever; to divide.
You must cut this flesh from off his breast. Shak.
Before the whistling winds the vessels fly, With rapid swiftness cut
the liquid way. Pope.

2. To sever and cause to fall for the purpose of gathering; to hew;
to mow or reap.
Thy servants can skill to cut timer. 2. Chron. ii. 8

3. To sever and remove by cutting; to cut off; to dock; as, to cut
the hair; to cut the nails.

4. To castrate or geld; as, to cut a horse.

5. To form or shape by cutting; to make by incision, hewing, etc.; to
carve; to hew out.
Why should a man. whose blood is warm within, Sit like his grandsire
cut in alabaster Shak.
Loopholes cut through thickest shade. Milton.

6. To wound or hurt deeply the snsibilities of; to pierce; to
lacerate; as, sarcasm cuts to the quick.
The man was cut to the heart. Addison.

7. To intersect; to cross; as, one line cuts another at right angles.

8. To refuse to recognize; to ignorre; as, to cut a person in the
street; to cut one's acquaintance. [Colloq.]

9. To absent one's self from; as, to cut an appointment, a
recitation. etc. [Colloq.]
An English tradesman is always solicitous to cut the shop whenever he
can do so with impunity. Thomas Hamilton.
To cut a caper. See under Caper.
 -- To cut the cards, to divide a pack of cards into portions, in
order to determine the deal or the trump, or to change the cards to
be dealt.
 -- To cut a dash or a figure, to make a display. [Colloq.] -- To cut
down. (a) To sever and cause to fall; to fell; to prostrate. "Timber
. . . cut down in the mountains of Cilicia." Knolles. (b) To put
down; to abash; to humble, [Obs] "So great is his natural eloquence,
that he cuts doun the finest orator." Addison (c) To lessen; to
retrench; to curtail; as, to cut down expenses. (d) (Naut.) To raze;
as, to cut down a frigate into a sloop.
 -- To cut the knot or the Gordian knot, to dispose of a difficulty
summarily; to solve it by prompt, arbitrary action, rather than by
skill or patience.
 -- To cut lots, to determine lots by cuttings cards; to draw lots.
 -- To cut off. (a) To sever; to separate.
I would to God, . . . The king had cut off my brother's. Shak.
(b) To put an untimely death; to put an end to; to destroy. "Irencut
off by martyrdom." Addison. (c) To interrupt; as, to cut off
communication; to cut off (the flow of) steam from (the boiler to) a
steam engine. (d) To intercept; as,, to cut off an enemy's retreat.
(e) To end; to finish; as, to cut off further debate.
 -- To cut out. (a) To remove by cutting or carving; as, to cut out a
piece from a board. (b) To shape or form by cutting; as, to cut out a
garment. " A large forest cut out into walks." Addison. (c) To
scheme; to contrive; to prepare; as, to cut out work for another day.
"Every man had cut out a place for himself." Addison. (d) To step in
and take the place of; to supplant; as, to cut out a rival. [Colloq.]
(e) To debar. "I am cut out from anything but common
acknowledgments." Pope. (f) To seize and carry off (a vessel) from a
harbor, or from under the guns of an enemy.
 -- To cut to pieces. (a) To cut into pieces; as, to cut cloth to
pieces. (b) To slaughter; as, to cut an army to pieces.
 -- To cut a play (Drama), to shorten it by leaving out passages, to
adapt it for the stage.
 -- To cut rates (Railroads, etc.), to reduce the charges for
transportation below the rates established between competing lines.
 -- To cut short, to arrest or check abruptly; to bring to a sudden
termination. "Achilles cut him short, and thus replied." Dryden.
 -- To cut stick, to make off clandestinely or precipitately. [Slang]
-- To cut teeth, to put forth teeth; to have the teeth pierce through
the gum and appear.
 -- To have cut one's eyeteeth, to be sharp and knowing. [Colloq.] --
To cut one's wisdom teeth, to come to years of discretion.
 -- To cut under, to undersell; as, to cut under a competitor in
trade.
 -- To cut up. (a) To cut to pieces; as, to cut up an animal, or
bushes. (b) To damage or destroy; to injure; to wound; as, to cut up
a book or its author by severe criticism. "This doctrine cuts up all
government by the roots." Locke. (c) To afflict; to discourage; to
demoralize; as, the death of his friend cut him up terribly.
[Colloq.] Thackeray.

CUT
Cut (kt), v. i.

1. To do the work of an edged tool; to serve in dividing or gashing;
as, a knife cuts well.

2. To admit of incision or severance; to yield to a cutting
instrument.
Panels of white wood that cuts like cheese. Holmes.

3. To perform the operation of dividing, severing, incising,
intersecting, etc.; to use a cutting instrument.
He saved the lives of thousands by manner of cutting for the stone.
Pope.

4. To make a stroke with a whip.

5. To interfere, as a horse.

6. To move or make off quickly. [Colloq.]

7. To divide a pack of cards into two portion to decide the deal or
trump, or to schange the order of the cards to be dealt. To cut
across, to pass over or through in the most direct way; as, to cut
across a field.
 -- To cut and run, to make off suddenly and quickly; -- from the
cutting of a ship's cable, when there is not time to raise the
anchor. [Colloq.] -- To cut in or into, to interrupt; to jont an
anything suddenly.
 -- To cut up. (a) To play pranks. [Colloq.] (b) To divide into
portions well or ill; to have the property left at one's death turn
out well or poorly when divided among heirs, legatees, etc. [Slang.]
"When I die, may I cut up as well as Morgan Pendennis." Thackeray.

CUT
Cut, n.

1. An opening made with an edged instrument; a cleft; a gash; a
slash; a wound made by cutting; as, a sword cut.

2. A stroke or blow or cutting motion with an edged instrument; a
stroke or blow with a whip.

3. That which wounds the feelings, as a harsh remark or criticism, or
a sarcasm; personal discourtesy, as neglecting to recognize an
acquaintance when meeting him; a slight.
Rip called him by name, but the cur snarled, snapped his teeth, and
passed on. This was an unkind cut indeed. W. Irving.

4. A notch, passage, or channel made by cutting or digging; a furrow;
a groove; as, a cut for a railroad.
This great cut or ditch Secostris . . . purposed to have made a great
deal wider and deeper. Knolles.

5. The surface left by a cut; as, a smooth or clear cut.

6. A portion severed or cut off; a division; as, a cut of beef; a cut
of timber.
It should be understood, moreover, . . . that the group are not
arbitrary cuts, but natural groups or types. Dana.

7. An engraved block or plate; the impression from such an engraving;
as, a book illustrated with fine cuts.

8.
(a) The act of dividing a pack cards.
(b) The right to divide; as, whose cut is it

9. Manner in which a thing is cut or formed; shape; style; fashion;
as, the cut of a garment.
With eyes severe and beard of formal cut. Shak.

10. A common work horse; a gelding. [Obs.]
He'll buy me a cut, forth for to ride. Beau. & Fl.

11. The failure of a college officer or student to be present at any
appointed exercise. [College Cant]

12. A skein of yarn. Wright. A cut in rates (Railroad), a reduction
in fare, freight charges, etc., below the established rates.
 -- A short cut, a cross route which shortens the way and cuts off a
circuitous passage.
 -- The cut of one's jib, the general appearance of a person.
[Colloq.] -- To draw cuts, to draw lots, as of paper, etc., cut
unequal lengths.
Now draweth cut . . . The which that hath the shortest shall begin.
Chaucer.

CUT
Cut (kt), a.

1. Gashed or divided, as by a cutting instrument.

2. Formed or shaped as by cuttting; carved.

3. Overcome by liquor; tipsy. [Slang] Cut and dried, prepered
beforehand; not spontaneous.
 -- Cut glass, glass having a surface ground and polished in facets
or figures.
 -- Cut nail, a nail cut by machinery from a rolled plate of iron, in
distinction from a wrought nail.
 -- Cut stone, stone hewn or chiseled to shape after having been
split from the quarry.

CUTANEOUS
Cu*ta"ne*ous (k-t"n-s), a. Etym: [Cf. F. cutan, fr. L. cutis skin.
See Cuticle.]

Defn: Of pertaining to the skin; existing on, or affecting, the skin;
as, a cutaneous disease; cutaneous absorption; cutaneous respiration.

CUTAWAY
Cut"a*way` (kt"-w`), a.

Defn: Having a part cut off or away; having the corners rounded or
cut away. Cutaway coat, a coat whose skirts are cut away in front so
as not to meet at the bottom.

CUTCH
Cutch (kch; 224), n.

Defn: See Catechu.

CUTCH
Cutch, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Cultch.

CUTCHERY
Cutch"er*y (kch"r-), n. Etym: [Hind. kachahri.]

Defn: A hindoo hall of justice. Malcom.

CUTE
Cute (kt), a. Etym: [An abbrev. of acute.]

Defn: Clever; sharp; shrewd; ingenious; cunning. [Colloq.]

CUTENESS
Cute"ness, n.

Defn: Acuteness; cunning. [Colloq.]

CUTGRASS
Cut"grass` (kt"grs`).

Defn: A grass with leaves having edges furnished with very minute
hooked prickles, which form a cutting edge; one or more species of
Leersia.

CUTICLE
Cu"ti*cle (k"t-k'l), n. Etym: [L. cuticula, dim. of cuttis skin; akin
to E. hide skin of an animal.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The scarfskin or epidermis. See Skin.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The outermost skin or pellicle of a plant, found especially in
leaves and young stems.

3. A thin skin formed on the surface of a liquid.

CUTICULAR
Cu*tic"u*lar (k-tk"-lr), a.

Defn: Pertaining to the cuticle, or external coat of the skin;
epidermal.

CUTIN
Cu"tin (k"tn), n. Etym: [L. cutis skin, outside.] (Bot.)

Defn: The substance which, added to the material of a cell wall,
makes it waterproof, as in cork.

CUTINIZATION
Cu`tin*i*za"tion (k`tn--z"shn), n. (Bot.)

Defn: The conversion of cell walls into a material which repels
water, as in cork.

CUTINIZE
Cu"tin*ize (k"tn-z), v. t. & i.

Defn: To change into cutin.

CUTIS
Cu"tis (k"ts), n. Etym: [L. See Cuticle.] (Anat.)

Defn: See Dermis.

CUTLASS
Cut"lass (kt"lass), n.; pl. Cutlasses (-Ez). Etym: [F. coutelas (cf.
It. coltellaccio), augm. fr. L. cuttellus a smallknife, dim. of
culter knife. See Colter, and cf. Curtal ax.]

Defn: A short, heavy, curving sword, used in the navy. See Curtal ax.
Cutlass fish, (Zoöl.), a peculiar, long, thin, marine fish (Trichirus
lepturus) of the southern United States and West Indies; -- called
also saber fish, silver eel, and, improperly, swordfish.

CUTLER
Cut"ler (kUt"lEr), n. Etym: [OE. coteler, F. coutelier, LL.
cultellarius, fr. L. cultellus. See Cutlass.]

Defn: One who makes or deals in cutlery, or knives and other cutting
instruments.

CUTLERY
Cut"ler*y (kt"lr-), n.

1. The business of a cutler.

2. Edged or cutting instruments, collectively.

CUTLET
Cut"let (kt"lt), n. Etym: [F. c, prop., little rib, dim. of c rib,
fr. L. costa. See Coast.]

Defn: A piece of meat, especially of veal or mutton, cut for
broiling.

CUTLING
Cut"ling (kt"lng), n., Etym: [Cf. Cuttle a knife.]

Defn: The art of making edged tools or cutlery. [Obs.] Milton.

CUT-OFF
Cut"-off` (kt"f`; 115), n.

1. That which cuts off or shortens, as a nearer passage or road.

2. (Mach.)
(a) The valve gearing or mechanism by which steam is cut off from
entering the cylinder of a steam engine after a definite point in a
stroke, so as to allow the remainder of the stroke to be made by the
expansive force of the steam already let in. See Expansion gear,
under Expansion.
(b) Any device for stopping or changing a current, as of grain or
water in a spout.

CUTOSE
Cu"tose (k"ts), n. Etym: [L. cutis skin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A variety of cellulose, occuring as a fine transparent membrane
covering the aerial organs of plants, and forming an essential
ingredient of cork; by oxidation it passes to suberic acid.

CUT-OUT
Cut"-out` (kt"out`), n.
(a) (Telegraphy) A species of switch for changing the current from
one circuit to another, or for shortening a circuit.
(b) (Elec.) A divice for breaking or separating a portion of circuit.

CUTPURSE
Cut"purse` (kt"prs`), n.

Defn: One who cuts purses for the sake of stealing them or their
contents (an act common when men wore purses fastened by a string to
their girdles); one who steals from the person; a pickpocket
To have an open ear, a quick eye, and a nimble hand, is necessary for
a cutpurse. Shak.

CUTTER
Cut"ter (kt"tr), n.

1. One who cuts; as, a stone cutter; a die cutter; esp., one who cuts
out garments.

2. That which cuts; a machine or part of a machine, or a tool or
instrument used for cutting, as that part of a mower which severs the
stalk, or as a paper cutter.

3. A fore tooth; an incisor. Ray.

4. (Naut.)
(a) A boat used by ships of war.
(b) A fast sailing vessel with one mast, rigged in most essentials
like a sloop. A cutter is narrower end deeper than a sloop of the
same length, and depends for stability on a deep keel, often heavily
weighted with lead.
(c) A small armed vessel, usually a steamer, in the revenue marine
service; -- also called revenue cutter.

5. A small, light one-horse sleigh.

6. An officer in the exchequer who notes by cutting on the tallies
the sums paid.

7. A ruffian; a bravo; a destroyer. [Obs.]

8. A kind of soft yellow brick, used for facework; -- so called from
the facility with which it can be cut. Cutter bar.(Mach.) (a) A bar
which carries a cutter or cutting tool, as in a boring machine. (b)
The bar to which the triangular knives of a harvester are attached.
 -- Cutter head (Mach.), a rotating head, which itself forms a
cutter, or a rotating stock to which cutters may be attached, as in a
planing or matching machine. Knight.

CUTTHROAT
Cut"throat` (kt"thrt`), n.

Defn: One who cuts throats; a murderer; an assassin.

CUTTHROAT
Cut"throat`, a.

Defn: Murderous; cruel; barbarous.

CUTTING
Cut"ting (kt"tng), n.

1. The act or process of making an incision, or of severing, felling,
shaping, etc.

2. Something cut, cut off, or cut out, as a twig or

CUTTING
Cut"ting, a.

1. Adapted to cut; as, a cutting tool.

2. Chilling; penetratinn; sharp; as, a cutting wind.

3. Severe; sarcastic; biting; as, a cutting reply.

CUTTINGLY
Cut"ting*ly, adv.

Defn: In a cutting manner.

CUTTLE
Cut"tle (kt"t'l), n. Etym: [OF. cultel, coltel, coutel, fr. L.
cultellus. See Cutlass.]

Defn: A knife. [Obs.] Bale.

CUTTLE; CUTTLEFISH
Cut"tle (kt"t'l), Cut"tle*fish` (-fsh`), n. Etym: [OE. codule, AS.
cudele; akin to G. kuttelfish; cf. G. k, D. keutel, dirt from the
guts, G. kuttel bowels, entrails. AS. cwip womb, Gith. qipus belly,
womb.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cephalopod of the genus Sepia, having an internal shell,
large eyes, and ten arms furnished with denticulated suckers, by
means of which it secures its prey. The name is sometimes applied to
dibranchiate cephalopods generally.

Note: It has an ink bag, opening into the siphon, from which, when
pursued, it throws out a dark liquid that clouds the water, enabling
it to escape observation.

2. A foul-mouthed fellow. "An you play the saucy cuttle me." Shak.

CUTTLE BONE
Cut"tle bone` (bn`).

Defn: The shell or bone of cuttlefishes, used for various purposes,
as for making polishing powder, etc.

CUTTOO PLATE
Cut*too" plate` (kt-t" plt`).

Defn: A hood over the end of a wagon wheel hub to keep dirt away from
the axle.

CUTTY
Cut"ty, a. Etym: [Cf. Ir. & Gael. cut a short tail, cutach bobtailed.
See Cut.]

Defn: Short; as, a cutty knife; a cutty sark. [Scot.]

CUTTY
Cut"ty (kt"t), n. Etym: [Scotch.]

1. A short spoon.

2. A short tobacco pipe. Ramsay.

3. A light or unchaste woman. Sir W. Scott.

CUTTYSTOOL
Cut"ty*stool` (-stl`), n.

1. A low stool [Scot.]

2. A seat in old Scottish churches, where offenders were made to sit,
for public rebuke by the minister.

CUTWAL
Cut"wal (kt"wl), n. Etym: [Per. kotw.]

Defn: The chief police officer of a large city. [East Indies]

CUTWATER
Cut"wa`ter (kt"wa`tr), n. (Naut.)

1. The fore part of a ship's prow, which cuts the water.

2. A starling or other structure attached to the pier of a birdge,
with an angle or edge directed up stream, in order better to resist
the action of water, ice, etc.; the sharpened upper end of the pier
itself.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea bird of the Atlantic (Rhynchops nigra); -- called also
black skimmer, scissorsbill, and razorbill. See Skimmer.

CUTWORK
Cut"work` (kt"wrk`), n. (Fine Arts)

Defn: An ancient term for embroidery, esp. applied to the earliest
form of lace, or to that early embroidery on linen and the like, from
which the manufacture of lace was developed.

CUTWORM
Cut"worm` (-wrm`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A caterpillar which at night eats off young plants of cabbage,
corn, etc., usually at the ground. Some kinds ascend fruit trees and
eat off the flower buds. During the day, they conceal themselves in
the earth. The common cutworms are the larvæ of various species of
Agrotis and related genera of noctuid moths.

CUVETTE
Cu*vette" (k-wt"), n. Etym: [F., dim. of cuve a tub.]

1. A pot, bucket, or basin, in which molten plate glass is carried
from the melting pot to the casting table.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: A cunette. 3. (Spectrometry) (Analytical chemistry)

Defn: A small vessel with at least two flat and transparent sides,
used to hold a liquid sample to be analysed in the light path of a
spectrometer.

Note: The shape and materials vary; for ultraviolet spectrometry,
quartz is typically used. For visible-light spectrometry, plastic
cuvettes may be employed. Occasionally, small vessels used for other
laboratory purposes are called cuvettes. cuvette holder,
(Spectrometry) A small device used to hold one or more cuvettes[3],
shaped specifically to fit in the sample chamber of a particular type
of spectrometer, with openings to permit light to pass through the
holder and the cuvettes, and designed so as to hold the cuvette
accurately and reproducibly within the light path of the
spectrometer. For cuvettes with a square horizontal cross-section,
the compartments will have a corresponding square cross-section, usu.
slightly larger than the cuvette.

CYAMELIDE
Cy*am"e*lide (s-m"-ld or -ld; 104), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white amorphous substance, regarded as a polymeric
modification of isocyanic acid.

CYAMELLONE
Cy*am"el*lone (s-m"l-ln), n. (Chem)

Defn: A complex derivative of cyanogen, regarded as an acid, and
known chiefly in its salts; -- called also hydromellonic acid.

CYANATE
Cy"a*nate (s"-nt), n. Etym: [Cf. F. cuanate. See Cyanic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of cyanic acid. Ammonium cyanate (Chem.), a remarkable
white crystalline substance, NH4.O.CN, which passes, on standing, to
the organic compound, urea, CO.(NH)2.

CYANAURATE
Cy`an*au"rate (s`n-"rt), n.

Defn: See Aurocyanide.

CYANEAN
Cy*a"ne*an (s-"n-an), a. Etym: [Gr. kya`neos dark blue.]

Defn: Having an azure color. Pennant.

CYANIC
Cy*an"ic (s-n"k), a. Etym: [Gr. cyanique. Cf. Kyanite.]

1. Pertaining to, or containing, cyanogen.

2. Of or pertaining to a blue color. Cyanic acid (Chem.), an acid,
HOCN, derived from cyanogen, well known in its salts, but never
isolated in the free state.
 -- Cyanic colors (Bot.), those colors (of flowers) having some tinge
of blue; -- opposed to xanthic colors. A color of either series may
pass into red or white, but not into the opposing color. Red and pure
white are more common among flowers of cyanic tendency than in those
of the other class.

CYANIDE
Cy"a*nide (s"-nd or -nd; 104), n. Etym: [Cf. F. cyanide. See Cyanic.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A compound formed by the union of cyanogen with an element or
radical.

CYANIN
Cy"a*nin (s"-nn), n. Etym: [See Cyanic.] (Chem.)

Defn: The blue coloring matter of flowers; -- called also anthokyan
and anthocyanin.

CYANINE
Cy"a*nine (s"-nn or -nn; 104), n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of artificial blue or red dyes obtained from
quinoline and lepidine and used in calico printing.

CYANITE
Cy"a*nite (-nt), n. Etym: [See Cyanic.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occuring in thin-bladed crystals and crystalline
aggregates, of a sky-blue color. It is a silicate of aluminium.
[Written also kyanite.]

CYANOGEN
Cy*an"o*gen (s-n"-jn), n. Etym: [Gr. -gen: cf. F. cyanogène. So
called because it produced blue dyes.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, inflammable, poisonous gas, C2N2, with a peach-
blossom odor, so called from its tendency to form blue compounds;
obtained by heating ammonium oxalate, mercuric cyanide, etc. It is
obtained in combination, forming an alkaline cyanide when nitrogen or
a nitrogenous compound is strongly ignited with carbon and soda or
potash. It conducts itself like a member of the halogen group of
elements, and shows a tendency to form complex compounds. The name is
also applied to the univalent radical, CN (the half molecule of
cyanogen proper), which was one of the first compound radicals
recognized.

Note: Cyanogen is found in the commercial substances, potassium
cyanide, or prussiate of potash, yellow prussiate of potash, Prussian
blue, Turnbull's blue, prussic acid, etc.

CYANOMETER
Cy`a*nom"e*ter (s`-nm"-tr), n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. cyanomètre.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring degress of blueness.

CYANOPATHY
Cy`a*nop"a*thy (-np"-th), n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A disease in which the body is colored blue in its surface,
arising usually from a malformation of the heart, which causes an
imperfect arterialization of the blood; blue jaundice.

CYANOPHYLL
Cy*an"o*phyll (s-n"-fl), n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A blue coloring matter supposed by some to be one of the
component parts ofchlorophyll.

CYANOSED
Cy"a*nosed (s"-nst), a. Etym: [See Cyanic.]

Defn: Rendered blue, as the surface of the body, from cyanosis or
deficient a

CYANOSIS
Cy`a*no"sis (s`-n"ss), n. Etym: [NL. See Cyanic.] (Med.)

Defn: A condition in which, from insufficient aCyanopathy.

CYANOSITE
Cy*an"o*site (s-n"-st), n. Etym: [See Cyanic.] (Min.)

Defn: Native sulphate of copper. Cf. Blue vitriol, under Blue.

CYANOTIC
Cy`a*not"ic (s`-nt"k), a. (Med.)

Defn: Relating to cyanosis; affected with cyanosis; as, a cyanotic
patient; having the hue caused by cyanosis; as, a cyanitic skin.

CYANOTYPE
Cy*an"o*type (s-n"-tp), n. Etym: [Cyanide + -type.]

Defn: A photographic picture obtained by the use of a cyanide.

CYANURATE
Cy"an"u*rate (s-n"-rt), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of cyanuric acid.

CYANURET
Cy*an"u*ret (-rt), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A cyanide. [Obs.]

CYANURIC
Cy`a*nu"ric (s`-n"rk), a. Etym: [Cyanic + uric: Cf. F. cyanurique.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, cyanic and uric acids.

CYANURIC ACID
Cyanuric acid (Chem.),

Defn: an organic acid, C3O3N3H3, first obtained by heating uric acid
or urea, and called pyrouric acid; afterwards obtained from isocyanic
acid. It is a white crystalline substance, odorless and almost
tasteless; -- called also tricarbimide.

CYATHIFORM
Cy*ath"i*form (s-th"-frm), a. Etym: [L. cyathus a cup (Gr, ky`aqos) -
form:cf. F. cyathiforme.]

Defn: In the form of a cup, a little widened at the top.

CYATHOLITH
Cy*ath"olith (s-th"-lth), n. Etym: [Gr. ky`aqos a cup + -lith.]
(Biol.)

Defn: A kind of coccolith, which in shape resembles a minute cup
widened at the top, and varies in size from

CYATHOPHYLLOID
Cy`a*tho*phyl"loid (s`-th-fl"loid), a. Etym: [NL. cyathophyllum, fr.
Gr. ky`aqos a cup + fy`llon a leaf.] (Pale

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the family Cyathophyllidæ.

CYATHOPHYLLOID
Cy`a*tho*phyl"loid, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil coral of the family Cyathophyllidæ; sometimes extended
to fossil corals of other related families belonging to the group
Rugosa; -- also called cup corals. Thay are found in paleozoic rocks.

CYCAD
Cy"cad (s"kd), n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the natural order Cycadeceæ, as the sago palm,
etc.

CYCADACEOUS
Cyc`a*da"ceous (sk`-d"shs or s`k-), a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, an order of plants like the
palms, but having exogenous wood. The sago palm is an example.

CYCAS
Cy"cas (s"ks), n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin. Linnæus derives it from
one of the "obscure Greek words."] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees, intermediate in character between the palms
and the pines. The pith of the trunk of some species furnishes a
valuable kind of sago.

CYCLAMEN
Cyc"la*men (sk"l-mn), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. kykla`minos, kyklami`s.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the Primrose family, having depressed
rounded corms, and pretty nodding flowers with the petals so reflexed
as to point upwards, whence it is called rabbit's ears. It is also
called sow bread, because hogs are said to eat the corms.

CYCLAMIN
Cyc"la*min (-mn), n.

Defn: A white amorphous substance, regarded as a glucoside, extracted
from the corm of Cyclamen Europæum.

CYCLAS
Cy"clas (s"kls), n. Etym: [Cf.Ciclatoun.]

Defn: A long gown or surcoat (cut off in front), worn in the Middle
Ages. It was sometimes embroidered or interwoven with gold. Also, a
rich stuff from which the gown was made.

CYCLE
Cy"cle (s"k'l), n. Etym: [F. ycle, LL. cyclus, fr. Gr. cakra wheel,
circle. See Wheel.]

1. An imaginary circle or orbit in the heavens; one of the celestial
spheres. Milton.

2. An interval of time in which a certain succession of events or
phenomena is completed, and then returns again and again, uniformly
and continually in the same order; a periodical space of time marked
by the recurrence of something peculiar; as, the cucle of the
seasons, or of the year.
Wages . . . bear a full proportion . . . to the medium of provision
during the last bad cycle of twenty years. Burke.

3. An age; a long period of time.
Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay. Tennyson.

4. An orderly list for a given time; a calendar. [Obs.]
We . . . present our gardeners with a complete cycle of what is
requisite to be done throughout every month of the year. Evelyn.

5. The circle of subjects connected with the exploits of the hero or
heroes of some particular period which have severed as a popular
theme for poetry, as the legend aof Arthur and the knights of the
Round Table, and that of Charlemagne and his paladins.

6. (Bot.)

Defn: One entire round in a circle or a spire; as, a cycle or set of
leaves. Gray.

7. A bicycle or tricycle, or other light velocipede. Calippic cycle,
a period of 76 years, or four Metonic cycles; -- so called from
Calippus, who proposed it as an improvement on the Metonic cycle.
 -- Cycle of eclipses, a priod of about 6,586 days, the time of
revolution of the moon's node; -- called Saros by the Chaldeans.
 -- Cycle of indiction, a period of 15 years, employed in Roman and
ecclesiastical chronology, not founded on any astronomical period,
but having reference to certain judicial acts which took place at
stated epochs under the Greek emperors.
 -- Cycle of the moon, or Metonic cycle, a period of 19 years, after
the lapse of which the new and full moon returns to the same day of
the year; -- so called from Meton, who first proposed it.
 -- Cycle of the sun, Solar cycle, a period of 28 years, at the end
of which time the days of the month return to the same days of the
week. The dominical or Sunday letter follows the same order; hence
the solar cycle is also called the cycle of the Sunday letter. In the
Gregorian calendar the solar cycle is in general interrupted at the
end of the century.

CYCLE
Cy"cle (s"k'l), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Cycled. (-k'ld); p.pr. & vb. n.
Cycling (-kl.]

1. To pass through a cycle of changes; to recur in cycles. Tennyson.
Darwin.

2. To ride a bicycle, tricycle, or other form of cycle.

CYCLIC; CYCLICAL
Cyc"lic (sk"lk or s"klk), Cyc"lic*al (sk"l-kal), a. Etym: [Cf. F.
cycluque, Gr.Cycle.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a cycle or circle; moving in cycles; as,
cyclical time. Coleridge. Cyclic chorus, the chorus which performed
the songs and dances of the dithyrambic odes at Athens, dancing round
the altar of Bacchus in a circle.
 -- Cyclic poets, certain epic poets who followed Homer, and wrote
merely on the Trojan war and its heroes; -- so called because keeping
within the circle of a singe subject. Also, any series or coterie of
poets writing on one subject. Milman.

CYCLIDE
Cy"clide (s"kld), n. Etym: [Gr. (Geom.)

Defn: A surface of the fourth degree, having certain special
relations to spherical surfaces. The tore or anchor ring is one of
the cyclides.

CYCLING
Cy"cling (s"klng), n.

Defn: The act, art, or practice, of riding a cycle, esp. a bicycle or
tricycle.

CYCLIST
Cy"clist (s"klst), n.

Defn: A cycler.

CYCLO-
Cy"clo- (s"kl-). Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form meaning circular, of a circle or wheel.

CYCLOBRANCHIATE
Cy`clo*bran"chi*ate (s`kl-brn"k-t), a. Etym: [Cyclo- + branchiate.]
(Zoöl)

Defn: Having the gills around the margin of the body, as certain
limpets.

CYCLOGANOID
Cy`clo*ga"noid (s`kl-g"noid or -gn"oid), a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Cycloganoidei.

CYCLOGANOID
Cy`clo*ga"noid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Cycloganoidei.

CYCLOGANOIDEI
Cy`clo*ga*noi"de*i (s"kl-g-noi"d-), n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
ganoidei. See Ganoid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of ganoid fishes, having cycloid scales. The bowfin
(Amia calva) is a living example.

CYCLOGRAPH
Cy"clo*graph (s"kl-grf), n. Etym: [Cyclo- + -graph.]

Defn: See Arcograph.

CYCLOID
Cy"cloid (s"kloid), n. Etym: [Cyclo- + -oid: cf. F. cycloïde.]
(Geom.)

Defn: A curve generated by a point in the plane of a circle when the
circle is rolled along a straight line, keeping always in the same
plane.

Note: The common cycloid is the curve described when the generating
point (p) is on the circumference of the generating circle; the
curtate cycloid, when that point lies without the circumference; the
prolate or inflected cycloid, when the generating point (p) lies
within that circumference.

CYCLOID
Cy"cloid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Cycloidei. Cycloid scale (Zoöl.), a
fish scale which is thin and shows concentric lines of growth,
without serrations on the margin.

CYCLOID
Cy"cloid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Cycloidei.

CYCLOIDAL
Cy*cloid"al (-al), a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a cycloid; as, the cycloidal
space is the space contained between a cycloid and its base.
Cycloidal engine. See Geometric lathe.

CYCLOIDEI
Cy*cloi"de*i (s-kloi"d-), n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes, formerly proposed by Agassiz, for those
with thin, smooth scales, destitute of marginal spines, as the
herring and salmon. The group is now regarded as artificial.

CYCLOIDIAN
Cy*cloid"i*an (s-kloid"-an), a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as 2d and 3d Cycloid.

CYCLOMETER
Cy*clom"e*ter (s-klm"-tr), n. Etym: [Cyclo- + -meter.]

Defn: A contrivance for recording the revolutions of a wheel, as of a
bicycle.

CYCLOMETRY
Cy*clom"e*try (-tr), n. Etym: [Cyclo- + -metry: cf. F. cyclom.]
(Geom.)

Defn: The art of measuring circles.

CYCLONE
Cy"clone (s"kln), n. Etym: [Gr. (Meteor.)

Defn: A violent storm, often of vast extent, characterized by high
winds rotating about a calm center of low atmospheric pressure. This
center moves onward, often with a velocity of twenty or thirty miles
an hour.

Note: The atmospheric disturbance usually accompanying a cyclone,
marked by an onward moving area of high pressure, is called an
anticyclone.

CYCLONE CELLAR; CYCLONE PIT
Cyclone cellar or pit .

Defn: A cellar or excavation used for refuge from a cyclone, or
tornado. [Middle U. S.]

CYCLONIC
Cy*clon"ic (s-kln"k), a.

Defn: Pertaining to a cyclone.

CYCLONOSCOPE
Cy*clo"no*scope, n.  [Cyclone + -scope.]

Defn: An apparatus to assist in locating the center of a cyclone.

CYCLOP
Cy"clop (s"klp), n.

Defn: See Note under Cyclops, 1.

CYCLOPEAN
Cy`clo*pe"an (s`kl-p"an), a. Etym: [L. Cyclopeus, Gr. cyclopeen.]

Defn: Pertaining to the Cyclops; characteristic of the Cyclops; huge;
gigantic; vast and rough; massive; as, Cyclopean labors; Cyclopean
architecture.

CYCLOPEDIA; CYCLOPAEDIA
Cy`clo*pe"di*a Cy`clo*pae"di*a (s`kl-p"d-), n. Etym: [NL., from Gr.
ky`klos circle + paidei`a the bringing up of a child, education,
erudition, fr. paidey`ein to bring up a child. See Cycle, and cf.
Encyclopedia, Pedagogue.]

Defn: The circle or compass of the arts and sciences (originally, of
the seven so-called liberal arts and sciences); circle of human
knowledge. Hence, a work containing, in alphabetical order,
information in all departments of knowledge, or on a particular
department or branch; as, a cyclopedia of the physical sciences, or
of mechanics. See Encyclopedia.

CYCLOPEDIC
Cy`clo*ped"ic (s`kl-pd"k or -p"dk), a.

Defn: Belonging to the circle of the sciences, or to a cyclopedia; of
the nature of a cyclopedia; hence, of great range, extent, or amount;
as, a man of cyclopedic knowledge.

CYCLOPEDIST
Cy`clo*pe"dist (-p"dst), n.

Defn: A maker of, or writer for, a cyclopedia.

CYCLOPIC
Cy*clop"ic (s-klp"k), a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the Cyclops; Cyclopean.

CYCLOPS
Cy"clops (s"klps), n. sing. & pl. Etym: [L. Cyclops, Gr.

1. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: One of a race of giants, sons of Neptune and Amphitrite, having
but one eye, and that in the middle of the forehead. They were fabled
to inhabit Sicily, and to assist in the workshops of Vulcan, under
Mt. Etna.

Note: Pope, in his translation of the "Odyssey," uniformly spells
this word Cyclop, when used in the singular.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of minute Entomostraca, found both in fresh and salt
water. See Copepoda.

3. A portable forge, used by tinkers, etc.

CYCLORAMA
Cy`clo*ra"ma (s`kl-r"m or -r"m), n. Etym: [Cyclo- + Gr.

Defn: A pictorial view which is extended circularly, so that the
spectator is surrounded by the objects represented as by things in
nature. The realistic effect is increased by putting, in the space
between the spectator and the picture, things adapted to the scene
represented, and in some places only parts of these objects, the
completion of them being carried out pictorially.

CYCLOSCOPE
Cy"clo*scope (s"kl-skp), n. Etym: [Cyclo- + -scope.]

Defn: A machine for measuring at any moment velocity of rotation, as
of a wheel of a steam engine. Knight.

CYCLOSIS
Cy*clo"sis (s-kl"ss), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Cyclone.] (Bot.)

Defn: The circulation or movement of protoplasmic granules within a
living vegetable cell.

CYCLOSTOMATA
Cy`clo*stom"a*ta (s`kl-stm"-t)

Defn:

CYCLOSTOME
Cy*clos"to*me, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Bryozoa, in which the cells have circular
apertures.

CYCLOSTOME; CYCLOSTOMOUS
Cy"clo*stome (s"kl-stm), Cy*clos"to*mous (s-kls"t-ms), a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Cyclostomi.

CYCLOSTOMI
Cy*clos"to*mi (s-kls"t-m), n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Cyclostomata.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A glass of fishes having a suckerlike mouth, without jaws, as
the lamprey; the Marsipobranchii.

CYCLOSTYLAR
Cy`clo*sty"lar (s`kl-st"r), a. Etym: [Cyclo- + Gr.

Defn: Relating to a structure composed of a circular range of
columns, without a core or building within. Weale.

CYCLOSTYLE
Cy"clo*style (s"kl-stl), n. Etym: [Cyclo + style.]

Defn: A contrivance for producing manifold copies of writing or
drawing. The writing or drawing is done with a style carrying a small
wheel at the end which makes minute punctures in the paper, thus
converting it into a stencil. Copies are transferred with an inked
roller.

CYDER
Cy"der (s"dr), n.

Defn: See Cider. [Archaic]

CYDONIN
Cy*do"nin (s-d"nn), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A peculiar mucilaginous substance extracted from the seeds of
the quince (Cydonia vulgaris), and regarded as a variety of amylose.

CYGNET
Cyg"net (sg"nt), n. Etym: [Dim. of F. cygne swan, L. cycnus. cygnus,
fr. Gr. cugne seems to be an etymological spelling of OF. cisne, fr.
LL. cecinus, cicinus, perh. ultimately also fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young swan. Shak.

CYGNUS
Cyg"nus (sg"ns), n. Etym: [L., a swan.] (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation of the northern hemisphere east of, or
following, Lyra; the Swan.

CYLINDER
Cyl"in*der (sl"n-dr), n. Etym: [F. cylindre, OF. cilindre, L.
cylindrus, fr. Gr. Calender the machine.]

1. (Geom.)
(a) A solid body which may be generated by the rotation of a
parallelogram round one its sides; or a body of rollerlike form, of
which the longitudinal section is oblong, and the cross section is
circular.
(b) The space inclosed by any cylindrical surface. The space may be
limited or unlimited in length.

2. Any hollow body of cylindrical form, as:
(a) The chamber of a steam engine in which the piston is moved by the
force of steam.
(b) The barrel of an air or other pump.
(c) (Print.) The revolving platen or bed which produces the
impression or carries the type in a cylinder press.
(d) The bore of a gun; the turning chambered breech of a revolver.

3. The revolving square prism carryng the cards in a Jacquard loom.
Cylinder axis. (Anat.) SeeAxis cylinder, under Axis.
 -- Cylinder engine (Paper Making), a machine in which a cylinder
takes up the pulp and delivers it in a continuous sheet to the
dryers.
 -- Cylinder escapement. See Escapement.
 -- Cylinder glass. See Glass.
 -- Cylinder mill. See Roller mill.
 -- Cylinder press. See Press.

CYLINDRACEOUS
Cyl`in*dra"ceous (-dr"shs), a. Etym: [Cf. F. cylyndrac]

Defn: Cylindrical, or approaching a cylindrical form.

CYLINDRIC; CYLINDRICAL
Cy*lin"dric (s-ln"drk), Cy*lin"dric*al (-dr-kal), a. Etym:
[Gr.cylindrique.]

Defn: Having the form of a cylinder, or of a section of its convex
surface; partaking of the properties of the cylinder. Cylindrical
lens, a lens having one, or more than one, cylindrical surface.
 -- Cylindric, or Cylindrical, surface (Geom.), a surface described
by a straight line that moves according to any law, but so as to be
constantly parallel to a given line.
 -- Cylindrical vault. (Arch.) See under Vault, n.

CYLINDRICALLY
Cy*lin"dric*al*ly (s-ln"dr-kal-l), adv.

Defn: In the manner or shape of a cylinder; so as to be cylindrical.

CYLINDRICITY
Cyl*`in*dric"i*ty (sl`n-drs"-t), n

Defn: The quality or condition of being cylindrical.

CYLINDRIFORM
Cy*lin"dri*form (s-ln"dr-frm), a. Etym: [L. cylindrus (Gr. -form:
cf.F. cylindriforme.]

Defn: Having the form of a cylinder.

CYLINDROID
Cyl"in*droid (sl"n-droid), n. Etym: [Gr. -oid: cf. F. cylindro.]

1. A solid body resembling a right cylinder, but having the bases or
ends elliptical.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A certain surface of the third degree, described by a moving
straight line; -- used to illustrate the motions of a rigid body and
also the forces acting on the body.

CYLINDROMETRIC
Cy*lin`dro*met"ric (s-ln`dr-mt"rk), a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Belonging to a scale used in measuring cylinders.

CYMA
Cy"ma (s"m) n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Cyme]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A member or molding of the cornice, the profile of which is
wavelike in form.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A cyme. See Cyme. Cyma recta, or Cyma, a cyma, hollow in its
upper part and swelling below.
 -- Cyma reversa, or Ogee, a cyma swelling out on the upper part and
hollow below.

CYMAR
Cy*mar" (s-mr"), n. Etym: [F. simarre. See Chimere.]

Defn: A sight covering; a scarf. See Simar.
Her body shaded with a light cymar. Dryden.

CYMATIUM
Cy*ma"ti*um (s-m"sh-m), n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: A capping or crowning molding in classic architecture.

CYMBAL
Cym"bal (sm"bal). n. Etym: [OE. cimbale, simbale, OF. cimbale, F.
cymbale, L. cymbalum, fr. Gr. kubha pot. Cf. Chime.]

1. A musical instrument used by the ancients. It is supposed to have
been similar to the modern kettle drum, though perhaps smaller.

2. A musical instrument of brass, shaped like a circular dish or a
flat plate, with a handle at the back; -- used in pairs to produce a
sharp ringing sound by clashing them together.

Note: In orchestras, one cymbal is commonly attached to the bass
drum, and the other heid in the drummer's left hand, while his right
hand uses the drumstick.

3. A musical instrument used by gypsies and others, made of steel
wire, in a triangular form, on which are movable rings.

CYMBALIST
Cym"bal*ist, n.

Defn: A performer upon cymbals.

CYMBIFORM
Cym"bi*form (sm"b-frm),, a. Etym: [L. cymba boat (Gr. -form: cf. F.
cymbiforme.]

Defn: Shaped like a boat; (Bot.) elongated and having the upper
surface decidedly concave, as the glumes of many grasses.

CYMBIUM
Cym"bi*um (sm"b-m), n. Etym: [L., a small cup, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine univalve shells; the gondola.

CYME
Cyme (sm), n. Etym: [L. cyma the young sprount of a cabbage, fr. Gr.
(Bot.)

Defn: A flattish or convex flower cluster, of the centrifugal or
determinate type, differing from a corymb chiefly in the order of the
opening of the blossoms.

CYMENE
Cy"mene (s"mn), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, liquid, combustible hydrocarbon, CH3.C6H4.C3H7, of
pleasant odor, obtained from oil of cumin, oil of caraway, carvacrol,
camphor, etc.; -- called also paracymene, and formerly camphogen.

CYMENOL
Cy"me*nol (s"m-nl), n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Carvacrol.

CYMIDINE
Cy"mi*dine ( s"m-dn or -dn; 104), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid organic base, C10H13.NH2, derived from cymene.

CYMIFEROUS
Cy*mif"er*ous (s-mf"r-s), a. Etym: [Cyme + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing cymes.

CYMLING; CYMBLING
Cym"ling, Cymb"ling (sm"lng), n.

Defn: A scalloped or "pattypan" variety of summer squash.

CYMOGENE
Cy"mo*gene (s"m-jn), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A highly volatile liquid, condensed by cold and pressure from
the first products of the distillation of petroleum; -- used for
producing low temperatures.

CYMOGRAPH
Cy"mo*graph, n.  [Cyma + -graph.]
 (a) An instrument for making tracings of the outline or contour of
profiles, moldings, etc.
 (b) Var. of Kymograph. --Cy`mo*graph"ic (#), a.

CYMOGRAPH
Cy"mo*graph, v. t.

Defn: To trace or copy with a cymograph.

CYMOID
Cy"moid (s"moid), a. Etym: [Cyme + -oid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of a cyme.

CYMOMETER
Cy*mom"e*ter, n. [Gr.  wave -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for exhibiting and measuring wave motion; specif.
(Elec.),

Defn: an instrument for determining the frequency of electic wave
oscillations, esp. in connection with wireless telegraphy.

CYMOPHANE
Cym"o*phane (sm"-fn or s"m-), n. Etym: [Gr.cymophane. So named in
allusion to a peculiar opalescence often seen in it.] (Min.)

Defn: See Chrysoberyl.

CYMOPHANOUS
Cy*moph"a*nous (s-mf"-ns or s-), a.

Defn: Having a wavy, floating light; opalescent; chatoyant.

CYMOSCOPE
Cy"mo*scope, n. [Gr.  wave + -scope.] (Elec.)

Defn: Any device for detecting the presence of electric waves. The
influence of electric waves on the resistance of a particular kind of
electric circuit, on the magnetization of steel, on the polarization
of an electrolytic cell, or on the electric condition of a vacuum has
been applied in the various cymoscopes.

CYMOSE; CYMOUS
Cy"mose (s"ms; 277), Cy"mous (s"ms), a. Etym: [L. cymosus full of
shoots: cf. FF. cymeux. See Cyme.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the nature of a cyme, or derived from a cyme; bearing,
or pertaining to, a cyme or cymes.

CYMRIC
Cym"ric (km"rk), a. Etym: [W. Cymru Wales.]

Defn: Welsh.
 -- n.

Defn: The Welsh language. [Written also Kymric.]

CYMRY
Cym"ry (-r), n. Etym: [W., pl.]

Defn: A collective term for the Welsh race; -- so called by
themselves . [Written also Cymri, Cwmry, Kymry, etc.]

CYMULE
Cy"mule (s"ml), n. Etym: [Cf. L. cymula a tender sprout, dim. of
cyna. See Cyme.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small cyme, or one of very few flowers.

CYNANCHE
Cy*nan"che (s-nn"k), n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Quinsy.] (Med.)

Defn: Any disease of the tonsils, throat, or windpipe, attended with
inflammation, swelling, and difficulty of breathing and swallowing.

CYNANTHROPY
Cy*nan"thro*py (s-nn"thr-p), n. Etym: [Gr. cynanthropie.] (Med.)

Defn: A kind of madness in which men fancy themselves changed into
dogs, and imitate the voice and habits of that animal.

CYNARCTOMACHY
Cyn`arc*tom"a*chy (sn`rk-tm"-k). n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Bear baiting with a dog. Hudibras.

CYNARRHODIUM
Cyn`ar*rho"di*um (sn`r-r"d-m), n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A fruit like that of the rose, consisting of a cup formed of
the calyx tube and receptacle, and containing achenes.

CYNEGETICS
Cyn`e*get"ics (sn`-jt"ks), n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The art of hunting with dogs.

CYNIC; CYNICAL
Cyn"ic (sn"k), Cyn"ic*al (--kal), a. Etym: [L. cynicus of the sect of
Cynics, fr. Gr. Hound.]

1. Having the qualities of a surly dog; snarling; captious; currish.
I hope it is no very cynical asperity not to confess obligations
where no benefit has been received. Johnson.

2. Pertaining to the Dog Star; as, the cynic, or Sothic, year; cynic
cycle.

3. Belonging to the sect of philosophers called cynics; having the
qualities of a cynic; pertaining to, or resembling, the doctrines of
the cynics.

4. Given to sneering at rectitude and the conduct of life by moral
principles; disbelieving in the reality of any human purposes which
are not suggested or directed by self-interest or self-indulgence;
as, a cynical man who scoffs at pretensions of integrity;
characterized by such opinions; as, cynical views of human nature.

Note: In prose, cynical is used rather than cynic, in the senses 1
and 4. Cynic spasm (Med.), a convulsive contraction of the muscles of
one side of the face, producing a sort of grin, suggesting certain
movements in the upper lip of a dog.

CYNIC
Cyn"ic, n. (Gr. Philos)

1. One of a sect or school of philosophers founded by Antisthenes,
and of whom Diogenes was a disciple. The first Cynics were noted for
austere lives and their scorn for social customs and current
philosophical opinions. Hence the term Cynic symbolized, in the
popular judgment, moroseness, and contempt for the views of others.

2. One who holds views resembling those of the Cynics; a snarler; a
misanthrope; particularly, a person who believes that human conduct
is directed, either consciously or unconsciously, wholly by self-
interest or self-indulgence, and that appearances to the contrary are
superficial and untrustworthy.
He could obtain from one morose cynic, whose opinion it was
impossible to despise, scarcely any not acidulated with scorn.
Macaulay.

CYNICALLY
Cyn"ic*al*ly (sn"-kal-l), adv.

Defn: In a cynical manner.

CYNICALNESS
Cyn"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being cynical.

CYNICISM
Cyn"i*cism (sn"-sz'm), n.

Defn: The doctrine of the Cynics; the quality of being cynical; the
mental state, opnions, or conduct, of a cynic; morose and
contemptuous views and opinions.

CYNOIDEA
Cy*noi"de*a (s-noi"d-a), n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Carnivora, including the dogs, wolves, and foxes.

CYNOREXIA
Cyn`o*rex"i*a (sn`-rks"-), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A voracious appetite, like that of a starved dog.

CYNOSURAL
Cy`no*su"ral (s`n-sh"ral or sn`-), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a cynosure.

CYNOSURE
Cy"no*sure (s"n-shr or sn"-shr; 277), n. Etym: [L. Cynosura
theconstellation Cynosure, Gr. Cynic.]

1. The constellation of the Lesser Bear, to which, as containing the
polar star, the eyes of mariners and travelers were often directed.

2. That which serves to direct. Southey.

3. Anything to which attention is strongly turned; a center of
attraction.
Where perhaps some beauty lies, The cynosure of neighboring eyes.
Milton.

CYON
Cy"on (s"n), n.

Defn: See Cion, and Scion.

CYPERACEOUS
Cyp`er*a"ceous (sp`r-"shs or s`pr-), a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a large family of plants of
which the sedge is the type.

CYPERUS
Cyp"e*rus (sp"-rs), n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A large genus of plants belonging to the Sedge family, and
including the species called galingale, several bulrushes, and the
Egyptian papyrus.

CYPHER
Cy"pher (s"fr), n. & v.

Defn: See Cipher.

CYPHONAUTES
Cyph`o*nau"tes (sf`-n"tz), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The free-swimming, bivalve larva of certain Bryozoa.

CYPHONISM
Cyph"o*nism (sf`-nz'm or s, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A punishment sometimes used by the ancients, consisting in the
besmearing of the criminal with honey, and exposing him to insects.
It is still in use among some Oriental nations.

CYPRAEA
Cy*præ"a (s-pr"), n. Etym: [NL.; cf. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of mollusks, including the cowries. See Cowrie.

CYPRES
Cy`pres" (s`pr" or s`prs"), n. Etym: [OF., nearly.] (Law)

Defn: A rule for construing written instruments so as to conform as
nearly to the intention of the parties as is consistent with law.
Mozley & W.

CYPRESS
Cy"press (s"prs), n.; pl. Cypresses (- Etym: [OE. cipres, cipresse,
OF. cipres, F. cypr, L. cupressus, cyparissus (cf. the usual Lat.
form cupressus), fr. Gr. g, Gen. vi. 14.] (Bot)

Defn: A coniferous tree of the genus Cupressus. The species are
mostly evergreen, and have wood remarkable for its durability.

Note: Among the trees called cypress are the common Oriental cypress,
Cupressus sempervirens, the evergreen American cypress, C. thyoides
(now called Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea), and the deciduous American
cypress, Taxodium distichum. As having anciently been used at
funerals, and to adorn tombs, the Oriental species is an emblem of
mourning and sadness. Cypress vine (Bot.), a climbing plant with red
or white flowers (Ipotoea Quamoclit, formerly Quamoclit vulgaris).

CYPRIAN
Cyp"ri*an (sp"r-an), a. Etym: [L. Cyprius, fr. Cyprus, Gr.

1. Belonging to Cyprus.

2. Of, pertaining, or conducing to, lewdness.

CYPRIAN
Cyp"ri*an, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Cyprus, especially of ancient Cyprus; a
Cypriot.

2. A lewd woman; a harlot.

CYPRINE
Cyp"rine (sp"rn or s"prn), a. Etym: [Cf. Cypress.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the cypress.

CYPRINE
Cyp"rine, a. Etym: [See Cyprinoid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Cyprinoid.

CYPRINODONT
Cy*prin"o*dont (s-prn"-dnt), n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Cyprinodontidae, a family of fishes including the
killifishes or minnows. See Minnow.

CYPRINOID
Cyp"ri*noid (sp"r-noid), a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like the carp (Cyprinus).
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Cyprinidae, or Carp family, as the goldfish, barbel,
etc.

CYPRIOT
Cyp"ri*ot (sp"r-t), n. Etym: [F. Cypriot, Chypriot.]

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Cyprus.

CYPRIPEDIUM
Cyp`ri*pe"di*um (sp`r-p"d-m), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Cypris Venus + pes,
pedis, foot.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of orchidaceous plants including the lady's slipper.

CYPRIS
Cy"pris (s"prs), n.; pl. Cyprides (s. Etym: [L. Cypris, the Cyprian
goddess Venus, Gr. Cyprian.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small, bivalve, freshwater Crustacea, belonging to
the Ostracoda; also, a member of this genus.

CYPRUS
Cy"prus (s"prs), n. Etym: [OE. cipres, cypirs; perh. so named as
being first manufactured in Cyprus. Cf. Cipers.]

Defn: A thin, transparent stuff, the same as, or corresponding to,
crape. It was either white or black, the latter being most common,
and used for mourning. [Obs.]
Lawn as white as driven snow, Cyprus black as e'er was crow. Shak.

CYPRUSLAWN
Cy"prus*lawn` (-ln`), n.

Defn: Same as Cyprus. Milton.

CYPSELA
Cyp"se*la (sp"s-l), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A one-seeded, one-called, indehiscent fruit; an achene with the
calyx tube adherent.

CYPSELIFORM
Cyp*sel"i*form (sp-sl"-frm), a. Etym: [L. cypselus a kind of swallow,
Gr. -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or belonging to the swifts (Cypselidæ.)

CYRENAIC
Cyr`e*na"ic (sr`-n"k or s`r-), a. Etym: [L. Cyrenaicus, fr. Cyrene,
in Libya.]

Defn: Pertaining to Cyrenaica, an ancient country of northern Africa,
and to Cyrene, its principal city; also, to a school of philosophy
founded by Aristippus, a native of Cyrene.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Cyrenaica; also, a disciple of the school of
Aristippus. See Cyrenian, n.

CYRENIAN
Cy*re"ni*an (s-r"n-an), a.

Defn: Pertaining to Cyrene, in Africa; Cyrenaic.

CYRENIAN
Cy*re"ni*an, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Cyrene.

2. One of a school of philosophers, established at Cyrene by
Aristippus, a disciple of Socrates. Their doctrines were nearly the
same as those of the Epicureans.

CYRIOLOGIC
Cyr`i*o*log"ic (sr`--lj"k or s`r-), a. Etym: [See Curiologic.]

Defn: Relating to capital letters.

CYRTOSTYLE
Cyr"to*style (sr"t-stl), n. Etym: [Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: A circular projecting portion.

CYST
Cyst (sst), n. Etym: [Gr. Cyme.]

1. (Med.)
(a) A pouch or sac without opening, usually membranous and containing
morbid matter, which is accidentally developed in one of the natural
cavaties or in the substance of an organ.
(b) In old authors, the urinary bladder, or the gall bladder.
[Written also cystis.]

2. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the bladders or air vessels of certain algæ, as of the
great kelp of the Pacific, and common rockweeds (Fuci) of our shores.
D. C. Eaton.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) A small capsule or sac of the kind in which many immature
entozoans exit in the tissues of living animals; also, a similar form
in Rotifera, etc.
(b) A form assumed by Protozoa inwhich they become saclike and
quiescent. It generally precedes the production of germs. See
Encystment.

CYSTED
Cyst"ed (ss"td), a.

Defn: Inclosed in a cyst.

CYSTIC
Cyst"ic (ss"tk), a. Etym: [Cf. F. cystique.]

1. Having the form of, or living in, a cyst; as, the cystic entozoa.

2. Containing cysts; cystose; as, cystic sarcoma.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or contained in, a cyst; esp., pertaining to, or
contained in, either the urinary bladder or the gall bladder. Cystic
duct, the duct from the gall bladder which unites with the hepatic to
form the common bile duct.
 -- Cystic worm (Zoöl.), a larval tape worm, as the cysticercus and
echinococcus.

CYSTICERCE; CYSTICERCUS
Cys"ti*cerce (ss"t-srs), Cys`ti*cer"cus (-sr"ks), n. Etym: [NL.
cysticercus, fr. Gr. cysticerque.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larval form of a tapeworm, having the head and neck of a
tapeworm attached to a saclike body filled with fluid; -- called also
bladder worm, hydatid, and measle (as, pork measle).

Note: These larvae live in the tissues of various living animals,
and, when swallowed by a suitable carnivorous animal, develop into
adult tapeworms in the intestine. See Measles, 4, Tapeworm.

CYSTICULE
Cys"ti*cule (ss"t-kl), n. Etym: [Dim. of cyst.] (Anat.)

Defn: An appendage of the vestibular ear sac of fishes. Owen.

CYSTID
Cys"tid (ss"td), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Cystidea.

CYSTIDEA
Cys*tid"e*a (ss-td"-), n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Crinoidea, mostly fossils of the Paleozoic rocks.
They were usually roundish or egg-shaped, and often unsymmetrical;
some were sessile, others had short stems.

CYSTIDEAN
Cys*tid"e*an (-td"-an), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Cystidea.

CYSTINE
Cyst"ine (ss"tn; 104), n. Etym: [See Cyst.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance, C3H7NSO2, containing sulphur,
occuring as a constituent of certain rare urinary calculi, and
occasionally found as a sediment in urine.

CYSTIS
Cys"tis (ss"ts), n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A cyst. See Cyst.

CYSTITIS
Cys*ti"tis (ss-t"ts), n. Etym: [Cyst + -itis: cf. F. cystite.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the bladder.

CYSTOCARP
Cys"to*carp (ss"t-krp), n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A minute vesicle in a red seaweed, which contains the
reproductive spores.

CYSTOCELE
Cys"to*cele (-sl), n. Etym: [Gr. cystocele.] (Med.)

Defn: Hernia in which the urinary bladder protrudes; vesical hernia.

CYSTOID; CYSTOIDEAN
Cys"toid, Cys*toid"e*an, n.

Defn: Same as Cystidean.

CYSTOIDEA
Cys*toi"de*a (ss-toi"d-), n.

Defn: Same as Cystidea.

CYSTOLITH
Cys"to*lith (ss"t-lth), n. Etym: [Gr. -lith.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A concretion of mineral matter within a leaf or other part of a
plant.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A urinary calculus.

CYSTOLITHIC
Cys`to*lith"ic (-lth"k), a. (Med.)

Defn: Relating to stone in the bladder.

CYSTOPLAST
Cys"to*plast (-plst), n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A nucleated cell having an envelope or cell wall, as a red
blood corpuscle or an epithelial cell; a cell concerned in growth.

CYSTOSE
Cyst"ose (ss"ts), a.

Defn: Containing, or resembling, a cyst or cysts; cystic; bladdery.

CYSTOTOME
Cys"to*tome (ss"t-tm), n. Etym: [Gr. cystotome.] (Surg.)

Defn: A knife or instrument used in cystotomy.

CYSTOTOMY
Cys*tot"o*my (ss-tt"-m), n. Etym: [Gr. cystotomie.]

Defn: The act or practice of opening cysts; esp., the operation of
cutting into the bladder, as for the extraction of a calculus.

CYTHEREAN
Cyth`er*e"an (sth`r--"an), a. Etym: [L. Cythereus, from Cythera, Gr.
Cerigo, an island in the Ægean Sea, celebrated for the worship of
Venus.]

Defn: Pertaining to the goddess Venus.

CYTOBLAST
Cy"to*blast (s"t-blst), n. Etym: [Gr. -blast.] (Biol.)

Defn: The nucleus of a cell; the germinal or active spot of a
cellule, through or in which cell development takes place.

CYTOBLASTEMA
Cy`to*blas*te"ma (-bls-t"m), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: See Protoplasm.

CYTOCOCCUS
Cy`to*coc"cus (-kk"ks), n.; pl. Cytococci (-s. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Biol.)

Defn: The nucleus of the cytula or parent cell. Hæckel.

CYTODE
Cy"tode (s"td), n. Etym: [Gr. Cyst.] (Biol.)

Defn: A nonnucleated mass of protoplasm, the supposed simplest form
of independent life differing from the amoeba, in which nuclei are
present.

CYTOGENESIS
Cy`to*gen"e*sis (s`t-jn"-ss), n. Etym: [Gr. genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: Development of cells in animal and vegetable organisms. See
Gemmation, Budding, Karyokinesis; also Cell development, under Cell.

CYTOGENIC; CYTOGENETIC
Cy`to*gen"ic (s`t-jn"k), Cy`to*ge*net"ic (-j-nt"k), a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to cytogenesis or cell development.

CYTOGENOUS
Cy*tog"e*nous (s-tj"-ns), a. (Anat.)

Defn: Producing cells; -- applied esp. to lymphatic, or adenoid,
tissue.

CYTOGENY
Cy*tog"e*ny (-n), n . (Biol.)

Defn: Cell production or development; cytogenesis.

CYTOID
Cy"toid (s"toid), a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Cell-like; -- applied to the corpuscles of lymph, blood, chyle,
etc.

CYTOPLASM
Cy"to*plasm (s"t-plz'm), n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The substance of the body of a cell, as distinguished from the
karyoplasma, or substance of the nucleus.
 -- Cy`to*plas"mic (-pl, a.

CYTULA
Cyt"u*la (st"-l), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The fertilized egg cell or parent cell, from the development of
which the child or other organism is formed. Hæckel.

CZAR
Czar (zär), n. Etym: [Russ. tsare, fr. L. Caesar Cæsar; cf. OPol.
czar, Pol. car. ]

Defn: A king; a chief; the title of the emperor of Russia. [Written
also tzar.]

CZAREVNA
Cza*rev"na (z-rv"n), n. Etym: [Russ. tsarevna.]

Defn: The title of the wife of the czarowitz.

CZARINA
Cza*ri"na (z-r"n), n. Etym: [Cf. G. Zarin, Czarin, fem., Russ.
tsaitsa.]

Defn: The title of the empress of Russia.

CZARINIAN
Cza*rin"i*an (z-rn"-an), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the czar or the czarina; czarish.

CZARISH
Czar"ish (zr"sh), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the czar.

CZAROWITZ
Czar"o*witz (zr"-wts or tr"-vch), n.; pl. Czarowitzes (-. Etym:
[Russ. tsar.]

Defn: The title of the eldest son of the czar of Russia.

CZECH
Czech (chk; 204), n.

1. One of the Czechs.

2. The language of the Czechs (often called Bohemian), the harshest
and richest of the Slavic languages.

CZECHIC
Czech"ic (chk"k), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Czechs. "One Czechic realm." The
Nation.

CZECHS
Czechs (chks), n. pl.; sing. Czech. Etym: [Named after their
chieftain, Czech.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: The most westerly branch of the great Slavic family of nations,
numbering now more than 6,000,000, and found principally in Bohemia
and Moravia.

D

1. The fourth letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonent.
The English letter is from Latin, which is from Greek, which took it
from Phoenician, the probable ultimate origin being Egyptian. It is
related most nearly to t and th; as, Eng. deep, G. tief; Eng.
daughter, G. tochter, Gr. duhitr. See Guide to Pronunciation, sq.
root178, 179, 229.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The nominal of the second tone in the model major scale (that
in C), or of the fourth tone in the relative minor scale of C (that
in A minor), or of the key tone in the relative minor of F.

3. As a numeral D stands for 500. in this use it is not the initial
of any word, or even strictly a letter, but one half of the sign

DAB
Dab, n. Etym: [Perh. corrupted fr. adept.]

Defn: A skillful hand; a dabster; an expert. [Colloq.]
One excels at a plan or the titlepage, another works away at the body
of the book, and the therd is a dab at an index. Goldsmith.

DAB
Dab, n. Etym: [Perh. so named from its quickness in diving beneath
the sand. Cf. Dabchick.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name given to several species of Pleuronectes . TheAmerican
rough dab is Hippoglossoides platessoides.

DAB
Dab, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Dabbed; p.pr.& vb.n. Dabbing.] Etym: [OE.
dabben to strice; akin to OD. dabben to pinch, knead, fumble, dabble,
and perh. to G. tappen to grope.]

1. To strike or touch gently, as with a soft or moist substance; to
tap; hence, to besmear with a dabber.
A sore should . . . be wiped . . . only by dabbing it over with fine
lint. S. Sharp.

2. To strike by a thrust; to hit with a sudden blow or thrust. "To
dab him in the neck." Sir T. More.

DAB
Dab, n.

1. A gentle blow with the hand or some soft substance; a sudden blow
or hit; a peck.
Astratch of her clame, a dab of her beack. Hawthorne.

2. A small mass of anything soft or moist.

DABB
Dabb, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, spine-tailed lizard (Uromastix spinipes), found in
Egypt, Arabia, and Palestine; -- called also dhobb, and dhabb.

DABBER
Dab"ber, n.

Defn: That with which one dabs; hence, a pad or other device used by
printers, engravers, etc., as for dabbing type or engraved plates
with ink.

DABBLE
Dab"ble, v. t. [imp.&p.p Dabbled; p.pr.&vb.n. Dabbling.] Etym: [Freq.
of dab: cf. OD. dabbelen.]

Defn: To wet by little dips or strokes; to spatter; to sprinkle; to
moisten; to wet. "Bright hair dabbled in blood." Shak.

DABBLE
Dab"ble, v. i.

1. To play in water, as with the hands; to paddle or splash in mud or
water.
Wher the duck dabbles Wordsworth.

2. To work in slight or superficial manner; to do in a small way; to
tamper; to meddle. "Dabbling here and there with the text."
Atterbury.
During the ferst year at Dumfries, Burns for the ferst time began to
dabble in politics. J. C. Shairp.

DABBLER
Dab"bler, n.

1. One who dabbles.

2. One who dips slightly into anything; a superficial meddler. "our
dabblers in politics." Swift.

DABBLINGLY
Dab"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dabbling manner.

DABCHICK
Dab"chick`, n. Etym: [For dabchick. See Dap, Dip, cf. Dipchick.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A small water bird (Podilymbus podiceps), allied to the grebes,
remarkable for its quickness in diving; -- called also dapchick,
dobchick, dipchick, didapper, dobber, devil-diver, hell-diver, and
pied-billed grebe.

DABOIA
Da*boi"a, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large and highly venomous Asiatic viper (Daboia xanthica).

DABSTER
Dab"ster, n. Etym: [Cf. Dab an expert.]

Defn: One who is skilled; a master of his business; a proficient; an
adept. [Colloq.]

Note: Sometimes improperly used for dabbler; as, "I am but a dabster
with gentle art."

DACAPO
Da`ca"po. Etym: [It., from [the] head or beginning.] (Mus.)

Defn: From the beginning; a direction to return to, and end with, the
first strain; -- indicated by the letters D. C. Also, the strain so
repeated.

DACE
Dace, n. Etym: [Written also dare, dart, fr. F. dard dase, dart, of
German origin. Dace is for an older darce, fr. an OF. nom. darz. See
Dart a javelin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European cyprinoid fish (Squalius leuciscus or
Leuciscus vulgaris); -- called also dare.

Note: In America the name is given to several related fishes of the
genera Squalius, Minnilus, etc. The black-nosed dace is Rhinichthys
atronasus the horned dace is Semotilus corporalis. For red dace, see
Redfin.

DACHSHUND
Dachs"hund`, n. Etym: [G., from dachs badger + hund dog.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a breed of small dogs with short crooked legs, and long
body; -- called also badger dog. There are two kinds, the rough-
haired and the smooth-haired.

DACIAN
Da"cian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Dacia or the Dacians.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of ancient Dacia.

DACOIT
Da*coit" (da*koit"), n. [Hind. dsakait, dsakayat.]

Defn: One of a class of robbers, in India, who act in gangs.

DACOITY
Da*coit"y, n.

Defn: The practice of gang robbery in India; robbery committed by
dacoits.

DACOTAHS
Da*co"tahs, n. pl.; sing. Dacotan (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Same as Dacotas. Longfellow.

DACTYL
Dac"tyl, n. Etym: [L. dactylus, Gr. Digit.]

1. (Pros.)

Defn: A poetical foot of three sylables (-- ~ ~), one long followed
by two short, or one accented followed by two unaccented; as, L.
tëgmînê, E. mer"ciful; -- so called from the similarity of its
arrangement to that of the joints of a finger. [Written also
dactyle.]

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A finger or toe; a digit.
(b) The claw or terminal joint of a leg of an insect or crustacean.

DACTYLAR
Dac"tyl*ar, a.

1. Pertaining to dactyl; dactylic.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a finger or toe, or to the claw of an
insect crustacean.

DACTYLET
Dac"tyl*et, n. Etym: [Dactyl + .]

Defn: A dactyl. [Obs.]

DACTYLIC
Dac*tyl"ic, a. Etym: [L. dactylicus, Gr. , fr. .]

Defn: Pertaining to, consisting chiefly or wholly of, dactyls; as,
dactylic verses.

DACTYLIC
Dac*tyl"ic, n.

1. A line consisting chiefly or wholly of dactyls; as, these lines
are dactylics.

2. pl.

Defn: Dactylic meters.

DACTYLIOGLYPH
Dactyl"i*o*glyph, n. Etym: [Gr. an engraver of gems; finger ring (fr.
finger) + to engrave.] (Fine Arts)
(a) An engraver of gems for rings and other ornaments.
(b) The inscription of the engraver's name on a finger ring or gem.

DACTYLIOGLYPHY
Dac*tyl`i*og"ly*phy, n.

Defn: The art or process of gem engraving.

DACTYLIOGRAPHY
Dac*tyl`i*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. finger ring + .] (Fine Arts)
(a) The art of writing or engraving upon gems.
(b) In general, the literature or history of the art.

DACTYLIOLOGY
Dac*tyl`i* ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. finger ring + .] (Fine Arts)
(a) That branch of archæology which has to do with gem engraving.
(b) That branch of archæology which has to do with finger rings.

DACTYLIOMANCY
Dac*tyl"i*o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. dakty`lios + -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by means of finger rings.

DACTYLIST
Dac"tyl*ist, n.

Defn: A writer of dactylic verse.

DACTYLITIS
Dac`tyl*i"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. finger + -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammatory affection of the fingers. Gross.

DACTYLOLOGY
Dac`tyl*o"logy, n. Etym: [Gr. finger + -logy.]

Defn: The art of communicating ideas by certain movements and
positions of the fingers; -- a method of conversing practiced by the
deaf and dumb.

Note: There are two different manual alphabets, the one hand alphabet
(which was perfected by Abbé de l'Epée, who died in 1789), and the
two hand alphabet. The latter was probably based on the manual
alphabet published by George Dalgarus of Aberdeen, in 1680. See
Illustration in Appendix.

DACTYLOMANCY
Dac*tyl"o*man`cy, n.

Defn: Dactylio mancy. [R.] Am. Cyc.

DACTYLONOMY
Dac`tyl*on"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. finger + law, distribution.]

Defn: The art of numbering or counting by the fingers.

DACTYLOPTEROUS
Dac`tyl*op"ter*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. finger + wing, fin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the inferior rays of the pectoral fins partially or
entirely free, as in the gurnards.

DACTYLOTHECA
Dac`ty*lo*the"ca, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. finger, toe + case, box.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The scaly covering of the toes, as in birds.

DACTYLOZOOID
Dac`tyl*o*zo"oid, n. Etym: [Gr. finger + E. zooid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of zooid of Siphonophora which has an elongated or even
vermiform body, with one tentacle, but no mouth. See Siphonophora.

DAD
Dad, n. Etym: [Prob. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. daid, Gael. daidein,
W. tad, OL. , , Skr. tata.]

Defn: Father; -- a word sometimes used by children.
I was never so bethumped withwords, Since I first called my brother's
father dad. Shak.

DADDLE
Dad"dle, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Daddled, p.pr. & vb.n. Daddling.] Etym:
[Prob. freq. of dade.]

Defn: To toddle; to walk unsteadily, like a child or an old man;
hence, to do anything slowly or feebly.

DADDOCK
Dad"dock, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. dad a large piece.]

Defn: The rotten body of a tree. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

DADDY
Dad"dy, n.

Defn: Diminutive of Dad. Dryden.

DADDY LONGLEGS
Dad"dy long"legs`.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An arachnidan of the genus Phalangium, and allied genera,
having a small body and four pairs of long legs; -- called also
harvestman, carter, and grandfather longlegs.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name applied to many species of dipterous insects of the
genus Tipula, and allied genera, with slender bodies, and very long,
slender legs; the crane fly; -- called also father longlegs.

DADE
Dade, v. t. Etym: [Of. uncertain origin. Cf. Dandle, Daddle.]

Defn: To hold up by leading strings or by the hand, as a child while
he toddles. [Obs.]
Little children when they learn to go By painful mothers daded to and
fro. Drayton.

DADE
Dade, v. i.

Defn: To walk unsteadily, as a child in leading strings, or just
learning to walk; to move slowly. [Obs.]
No sooner taught to dade, but from their mother trip. Drayton.

DADO
Da"do, n.; pl. Dadoes. Etym: [It. dado die, cube, pedestal; of the
same origin as E. die, n. See Die, n.] (Arch.)
(a) That part of a pedestal included between the base and the cornice
(or surbase); the die. See Illust. of Column. Hence:
(b) In any wall, that part of the basement included between the base
and the base course. See Base course, under Base.
(c) In interior decoration, the lower part of the wall of an
apartment when adorned with moldings, or otherwise specially
decorated.

DAEDAL; DAEDALIAN
Dæ"dal, Dæ*dal"ian, a. Etym: [L. daedalus cunningly wrought, fr. Gr.
; cf. to work cunningly. The word also alludes to the mythical
Dædalus (Gr. , lit., the cunning worker).]

1. Cunningly or ingeniously formed or working; skillful; artistic;
ingenious.
Our bodies decked in our dædalian arms. Chapman.
The dædal hand of Nature. J. Philips.
The doth the dædal earth throw forth to thee, Out of her fruitful,
abundant flowers. Spenser.

2. Crafty; deceitful. [R.] Keats.

DAEDALOUS
Dæd"a*lous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a variously cut or incised margin; -- said of leaves.

DAEMON; DAEMONIC
Dæ"mon, n., Dæ*mon"ic (, a.

Defn: See Demon, Demonic.

DAFF
Daff, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Doff.]

Defn: To cast aside; to put off; to doff. [Obs.]
Canst thou so daff me Thou hast killed my child. Shak.

DAFF
Daff, n. Etym: [See Daft.]

Defn: A stupid, blockish fellow; a numskull. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DAFF
Daff, v. i.

Defn: To act foolishly; to be foolish or sportive; to toy. [Scot.]
Jamieson.

DAFF
Daff, v. t.

Defn: To daunt. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

DAFFODIL
Daf"fo*dil, n. Etym: [OE. affodylle, prop., the asphodel, fr. LL.
affodillus (cf. D. affodille or OF. asphodile, aphodille, F.
asphodèle), L. asphodelus, fr. Gr. . The initial d in English is not
satisfactorily explained. See Asphodel.] (Bot.)
(a) A plant of the genus Asphodelus.
(b) A plant of the genus Narcissus (N. Pseudo-narcissus). It has a
bulbous root and beautiful flowers, usually of a yellow hue. Called
also daffodilly, daffadilly, daffadowndilly, daffydowndilly, etc.
With damasc roses and daffadowndillies set. Spenser.
Strow me the ground with daffadowndillies, And cowslips, and
kingcups, and loved lilies. Spenser.
A college gown That clad her like an April Daffodilly. Tennyson
And chance-sown daffodil. Whittier.

DAFT
Daft, a. Etym: [OE. daft, deft, deft, stupid; prob. the same word as
E. deft. See Deft.]

1. Stupid; folish; idiotic; also, delirious; insance; as, he has gone
daft.
Let us think no more of this daft business Sir W. Scott.

2. Gay; playful; frolicsome. [Scot.] Jamieson.

DAFTNESS
Daft"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being daft.

DAG
Dag, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dague, LL. daga, D. dagge (fr. French); all
prob. fr. Celtic; Cf. Gael. dag a pistol, Armor. dag dagger, W.
dager, dagr, Ir. daigear. Cf. Dagger.]

1. A dagger; a poniard. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. A large pistol formerly used. [Obs.]
The Spaniards discharged their dags, and hurt some. Foxe.
A sort of pistol, called dag, was used about the same time as hand
guns and harquebuts. Grose.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The unbrunched antler of a young deer.

DAG
Dag, n. Etym: [Of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. dagg, Icel. dögg. sq.
root71. See Dew.]

Defn: A misty shower; dew. [Obs.]

DAG
Dag, n. Etym: [OE. dagge (cf. Dagger); or cf. AS. dag what is
dangling.]

Defn: A loose end; a dangling shred.
Daglocks, clotted locks hanging in dags or jags at a sheep's tail.
Wedgwood.

DAG
Dag, v. t. Etym: [1, from Dag dew. 2, from Dag a loose end.]

1. To daggle or bemire. [Prov. Eng.] Johnson.

2. To cut into jags or points; to slash; as, to dag a garment. [Obs.]
Wright.

DAG
Dag, v. i.

Defn: To be misty; to drizzle. [Prov. Eng.]

DAGGER
Dag"ger, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. daggen to pierce, F. daguer. See Dag a
dagger.]

1. A short weapon used for stabbing. This is the general term: cf.
Poniard, Stiletto, Bowie knife, Dirk, Misericorde, Anlace.

2. (Print.)

Defn: A mark of reference in the form of a dagger [|]. It is the
second in order when more than one reference occurs on a page; --
called also obelisk. Dagger moth (Zoöl.), any moth of the genus
Apatalea. The larvæ are often destructive to the foliage of fruit
trees, etc.
 -- Dagger of lath, the wooden weapon given to the Vice in the old
Moralities. Shak.
 -- Double dagger, a mark of reference [||] which comes next in order
after the dagger.
 -- To look, or speak, daggers, to look or speak fiercely or
reproachfully.

DAGGER
Dag"ger, v. t.

Defn: To pierce with a dagger; to stab. [Obs.]

DAGGER
Dag"ger, n. Etym: [Perh. from diagonal.]

Defn: A timber placed diagonally in a ship's frame. Knight.

DAGGES
Dagges, n. pl. Etym: [OE. See Dag a loose end.]

Defn: An ornamental cutting of the edges of garments, introduced
about a. d. 1346, according to the Chronicles of St Albans. [Obs.]
Halliwell.

DAGGLE
Dag"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Daggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Daggling.]
Etym: [Freq. of dag, v. t., 1.]

Defn: To trail, so as to wet or befoul; to make wet and limp; to
moisten.
The warrior's very plume, I say, Was daggled by the dashing spray.
Sir W. Scott.

DAGGLE
Dag"gle, v. i.

Defn: To run, go, or trail one's self through water, mud, or slush;
to draggle.
Nor, like a puppy [have I] daggled through the town. Pope.

DAGGLE-TAIL; DAGGLE-TAILED
Dag"gle-tail`, Dag"gle-tailed`, a.

Defn: Having the lower ends of garments defiled by trailing in mire
or filth; draggle-tailed.

DAGGLE-TAIL
Dag"gle-tail`, n.

Defn: A slovenly woman; a slattern; a draggle-tail.

DAGLOCK
Dag"lock`, n. Etym: [Dag a loose and + lock.]

Defn: A dirty or clotted lock of wool on a sheep; a taglock.

DAGO
Da"go, n.; pl. Dagos. Etym: [Cf. Sp. Diego, E. James.]

Defn: A nickname given to a person of Spanish (or, by extension,
Portuguese or Italian) descent. [U. S.]

DAGOBA
Da*go"ba, n. Etym: [Singhalese dagoba.]

Defn: A dome-shaped structure built over relics of Buddha or some
Buddhist saint. [East Indies]

DAGON
Da"gon, Etym: [Heb. Dagon, fr. dag a fish: cf. Gr. .]

Defn: The national god of the Philistines, represented with the face
and hands and upper part of a man, and the tail of a fish. W. Smith.
This day a solemn feast the people hold To Dagon, their sea idol.
Milton.
They brought it into the house of Dagon. 1 Sam. v. 2.

DAGON
Dag"on, n. Etym: [See Dag a loose end.]

Defn: A slip or piece. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DAGSWAIN
Dag"swain`, n. Etym: [From Dag a loose end]

Defn: Acoarse woolen fabric made of daglocks, or the refuse of wool.
"Under coverlets made of dagswain." Holinshed.

DAG-TAILED
Dag"-tailed`, a. Etym: [Dag a loose end + tail.]

Defn: Daggle-tailed; having the tail clogged with daglocks. "Dag-
tailed sheep." Bp. Hall.

DAGUERREAN; DAGUERREIAN
Da*guer"re*an, Da*guerre"i*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Daguerre, or to his invention of the
daguerreotype.

DAGUERREOTYPE
Da*guerre"o*type, n. Etym: [From Daguerre the inventor + -type.]

1. An early variety of photograph, produced on a silver plate, or
copper plate covered with silver, and rendered sensitive by the
action of iodine, or iodine and bromine, on which, after exposure in
the camera, the latent image is developed by the vapor of mercury.

2. The process of taking such pictures.

DAGUERREOTYPE
Da*guerre"o*type, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Daguerreotyped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Daguerreotyping.]

1. To produce or represent by the daguerreotype process, as a
picture.

2. To impress with great distinctness; to imprint; to imitate
exactly.

DAGUERREOTYPER; DAGUERREOTYPIST
Da*guerre"o*ty`per, Da*guerre"o*ty`pist, n.

Defn: One who takes daguerreotypes.

DAGUERREOTYPY
Da*guerre"o*ty`py, n.

Defn: The art or process of producing pictures by method of Daguerre.

DAHABEAH
Da`ha*be"ah, n. Etym: [Ar.]

Defn: A nile boat

DAHLIA
Dah"lia, n.; pl. Dahlias. Etym: [Named after Andrew Dahl a Swedish
botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants native to Mexico and Central America, of the
order Compositæ; also, any plant or flower of the genus. The numerous
varieties of cultivated dahlias bear conspicuous flowers which differ
in color.

DAHLIN
Dah"lin, n. Etym: [From Dahlia.] (Chem.)

Defn: A variety of starch extracted from the dahlia; -- called also
inulin. See Inulin.

DAHOON
Da*hoon" (da*hoon"), [Origin unknown.]

Defn: An evergreen shrub or small tree (Ilex cassine) of the southern
United States, bearing red drupes and having soft, white, close-
grained wood; -- called also dahoon holly.

DAILINESS
Dai"li*ness, n.

Defn: Daily occurence. [R.]

DAILY
Dai"ly, a. Etym: [AS. dæglic; dæg day + -lic like. See Day.]

Defn: Happening, or belonging to, each successive day; diurnal; as,
daily labor; a daily bulletin.
Give us this day our daily bread. Matt. vi. 11.
Bunyan has told us . . . that in New England his dream was the daily
subject of the conversation of thousands. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Daily, Diurnal. Daily is Anglo-Saxon, and diurnal is Latin. The
former is used in reference to the ordinary concerns of life; as,
daily wants, daily cares, daily employments. The latter is
appropriated chiefly by astronomers to what belongs to the
astronomical day; as, the diurnal revolution of the earth.
Man hath his daily work of body or mind Appointed, which declares his
dignity, And the regard of Heaven on all his ways. Milton.
Half yet remains unsung, but narrower bound Within the visible
diurnal sphere. Milton.

DAILY
Dai"ly, n.; pl. Dailies (.

Defn: A publication which appears regularly every day; as, the
morning dailies.

DAILY
Dai"ly, adv.

Defn: Every day; day by day; as, a thing happens daily.

DAIMIO
Dai"mi*o, n.; pl. Daimios. Etym: [Jap., fr. Chin. tai ming great
name.]

Defn: The title of the feudal nobles of Japan.daimyo
The daimios, or territorial nobles, resided in Yedo and were divided
into four classes. Am. Cyc.

DAINT
Daint, n. Etym: [See Dainty, n.]

Defn: Something of exquisite taste; a dainty. [Obs.] -- a.

Defn: Dainty. [Obs.]
To cherish him with diets daint. Spenser.

DAINTIFY
Dain"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Daintified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Daintifying.] Etym: [Dainty + -fy.]

Defn: To render dainty, delicate, or fastidious. "Daintified
emotion." Sat. rev.

DAINTILY
Dain"ti*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dainty manner; nicely; scrupulously; fastidiously;
deliciously; prettily.

DAINTINESS
Dain"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being dainty; nicety; niceness; elegance;
delicacy; deliciousness; fastidiousness; squeamishness.
The daintiness and niceness of our captains Hakluyt.
More notorious for the daintiness of the provision . . . than for the
massiveness of the dish. Hakewill.
The duke exeeded in the daintiness of his leg and foot, and the earl
in the fine shape of his hands, Sir H. Wotton.

DAINTREL
Dain"trel, n. Etym: [From daint or dainty; cf. OF. daintier.]

Defn: Adelicacy. [Obs.] Halliwell.

DAINTY
Dain"ty, n.; pl. Dainties. Etym: [OE. deinie, dainte, deintie,
deyntee, OF. deintié delicacy, orig., dignity, honor, fr. L.
dignitas, fr. dignus worthy. See Deign, and cf. Dignity.]

1. Value; estimation; the gratification or pleasure taken in
anything. [Obs.]
I ne told no deyntee of her love. Chaucer.

2. That which is delicious or delicate; a delicacy.
That precious nectar may the taste renew Of Eden's dainties, by our
parents lost. Beau. & Fl.

3. A term of fondness. [Poetic] B. Jonson.

Syn.
 -- Dainty, Delicacy. These words are here compared as denoting
articles of food. The term delicacy as applied to a nice article of
any kind, and hence to articles of food which are particularly
attractive. Dainty is stronger, and denotes some exquisite article of
cookery. A hotel may be provided with all the delicacies of the
season, and its table richly covered with dainties.
These delicacies I mean of taste, sight, smell, herbs, fruits, and
flowers, Walks and the melody of birds. Milton.
[A table] furnished plenteously with bread, And dainties, remnants of
the last regale. Cowper.

DAINTY
Dain"ty, a. [Compar. Daintier; superl. Daintiest.]

1. Rare; valuable; costly. [Obs.]
Full many a deynté horse had he in stable. Chaucer.

Note: Hence the proverb "dainty maketh dearth," i. e., rarity makes a
thing dear or precious.

2. Delicious to the palate; toothsome.
Dainty bits Make rich the ribs. Shak.

3. Nice; delicate;elegant, in form, manner, or breeding; well-formed;
neat; tender.
Those dainty limbs which nature lent For gentle usage and soft
delicacy. Milton.
Iwould be the girdle. About her dainty, dainty waist. Tennyson.

4. Requirinig daintles. Hence; Overnice; hard to please; fastidious;
sqrupulous; ceremonious.
Thew were a fine and Dainty people. Bacon.
And let us not be dainty of leave taking, But shift away. Shak.
To make dainty, to assume or affect delicacy or fastidiousness.
[Obs.]
Ah ha, my mistresses! which of you all Will now deny to dance She
that makes dainty, She, I'll swear, hath corns. Shak.

DAIRA
Da"ï*ra, n. [Turk. daire circuit department, fr. Ar. daïrah circle.]

Defn: Any of several valuable estates of the Egyptian khedive or his
family. The most important are the Da"i*ra Sa"ni*eh, or Sa"ni*yeh,
and the Da"i*ra Khas"sa, administered by the khedive's European
bondholders, and known collectively as the Daira, or the Daira
estates.

DAIRY
Dai"ry, n.;pl. Dairies. Etym: [OE. deierie, from deie, daie, maid; of
Scand. origin; cf. Icel. deigja maid, dairymaid, Sw. deja, orig., a
baking maid, fr. Icel. deig. Dough.]

1. The place, room, or house where milk is kept, and converted into
butter or cheese.
What stores my dairies and my folds contain. Dryden.

2. That department of farming which is concerned in the production of
milk, and its conversion into butter and cheese.
Grounds were turned much in England either to feeding or dairy; and
this advanced the trade of English butter. Temple.

3. A dairy farm. [R.]

Note: Dairy is much used adjectively or in combination; as, dairy
farm, dairy countries, dairy house or dairyhouse, dairyroom,
dairywork, etc.

DAIRYING
Dai"ry*ing, n.

Defn: The business of conducting a dairy.

DAIRYMAID
Dai"ry*maid`, n.

Defn: A female servant whose business is the care of the dairy.

DAIRYMAN
Dai"ry*man, n.; pl. Dairymen (.

Defn: A man who keeps or takes care of a dairy.

DAIRYWOMAN
Dai"ry*wom`an, n.; pl. Dairywomen (.

Defn: A woman who attends to a dairy.

DAIS
Da"is (da"îs), n. Etym: [OE. deis, des, table, dais, OF. deis table,
F. dais a canopy, L. discus a quoit, a dish (from the shape), LL.,
table, fr. Gr. a quoit, a dish. See Dish.]

1. The high or principal table, at the end of a hall, at which the
chief guests were seated; also, the chief seat at the high table.
[Obs.]

2. A platform slightly raised above the floor of a hall or large
room, giving distinction to the table and seats placed upon it for
the chief guests.

3. A canopy over the seat of a person of dignity. [Obs.] Shiply.

DAISIED
Dai"sied, a.

Defn: Full of daisies; adorned with daisies. "The daisied green."
Langhorne.
The grass all deep and daisied. G. Eliot.

DAISY
Dai"sy, n.; pl. Daisies. Etym: [OE. dayesye, AS. dæges day's eye,
daisy. See Day, and Eye.] (Bot.)
(a) A genus of low herbs (Bellis), belonging to the family Compositæ.
The common English and classical daisy is B. prennis, which has a
yellow disk and white or pinkish rays.
(b) The whiteweed (Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum), the plant commonly
called daisy in North America; -- called also oxeye daisy. See
Whiteweed.

Note: The word daisy is also used for composite plants of other
genera, as Erigeron, or fleabane. Michaelmas daisy (Bot.), any plant
of the genus Aster, of which there are many species.
 -- Oxeye daisy (Bot.), the whiteweed. See Daisy (b).

DAK
Dak, n. Etym: [Hind. .]

Defn: Post; mail; also, the mail or postal arrangements; -- spelt
also dawk, and dauk. [India] Dak boat, a mail boat. Percy Smith.
 -- Dak bungalow, a traveler's rest-house at the and of a dak stage.
 -- To travel by dak, to travel by relays of palanquines or other
carriage, as fast as the post along a road.

DAKER; DAKIR
Da"ker, Da"kir, n. Etym: [See Dicker.] (O. Eng. & Scots Law)

Defn: A measure of certain commodities by number, usually ten or
twelve, but sometimes twenty; as, a daker of hides consisted of ten
skins; a daker of gloves of ten pairs. Burrill.

DAKER HEN
Da"ker hen`. Etym: [Perh. fr. W. crecial the daker hen; crec a sharp
noise (creg harsh, hoarse, crechian to scream) + iar hen; or cf. D.
duiken to dive, plunge.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The corncrake or land rail.

DAKOIT; DAKOITY
Da*koit", n., Da*koit"y, n.

Defn: See Dacoit, Dacoity.

DAKOTA GROUP
Da*ko"ta group`. (Geol.)

Defn: A subdivision at the base of the cretaceous formation in
Western North America; -- so named from the region where the strata
were first studied.

DAKOTAS
Da*ko"tas, n. pl.; sing. Dacota (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: An extensive race or stock of Indians, including many tribes,
mostly dwelling west of the Mississippi River; -- also, in part,
called Sioux. [Written also Dacotahs.]

DAL
Dal, n. Etym: [Hind.]

Defn: Split pulse, esp. of Cajanus Indicus. [East Indies]

DALE
Dale, n. Etym: [AS. dæl; akin to LG., D., Sw., Dan., OS., & Goth.
dal, Icel. dalr, OHG. tal, G. thal, and perth. to Gr. a rotunda, Skr.
dhara depth. Cf. Dell.]

1. A low place between hills; a vle or valley.
Where mountaines rise, umbrageous dales descend. Thomson.

2. A trough or spout to carry off water, as from a pump. Knight.

DALESMAN
Dales"man, n.; pl. Dalesmen (.

Defn: One living in a dale; -- a term applied particularly to the
inhabitants of the valleys in the north of England, Norway, etc.
Macaulay.

DALF
Dalf,

Defn: imp. of Delve. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DALLES
Dalles (dalz), n. pl. [F. dalle a tube, gutter, trough.]

Defn: A rapid, esp. one where the channel is narrowed between rock
walls. [Northwestern U. S. & Canada]

The place below, where the compressed river wound like a silver
thread among the flat black rocks, was the far-famed Dalles of the
Columbia.
F. H. Balch.

DALLIANCE
Dal"li*ance, n. Etym: [From Dally.]

1. The act of dallying, trifling, or fondling; interchange of
caresses; wanton play.
Look thou be true, do not give dalliance Too mnch the rein. Shak.
O, the dalliance and the wit, The flattery and the strifeTennyson.

2. Delay or procrastination. Shak.

3. Entertaining discourse. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DALLIER
Dal"li*er, n.

Defn: One Who fondles; a trifler; as, dalliers with pleasant words.
Asham.

DALLOP
Dal"lop, n. Etym: [Etymol. unknown.]

Defn: A tuft or clump. [Obs.] Tusser.

DALLY
Dal"ly, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dallied; p. pr. & vb. n. Dallying.] Etym:
[OE. , dailien; cf. Icel. pylja to talk, G. dallen, dalen, dahlen, to
trifle, talk nonsense, OSw. tule a droll or funny man; or AS. dol
foolish, E. dull.]

1. To waste time in effeminate or voluptuous pleasures, or in
idleness; to fool away time; to delay unnecessarily; to tarry; to
trifle.
We have trifled too long already; it is madness to dally any longer.
Calamy.
We have put off God, and dallied with his grace. Barrow.

2. To interchange caresses, especially with one of the opposite sex;
to use fondling; to wanton; to sport.
Not dallying with a brace of courtesans. Shak.
Our aerie . . . dallies with the wind. Shak.

DALLY
Dal"ly, v. t.

Defn: To delay unnecessarily; to while away.
Dallying off the time with often skirmishes. Knolles.

DALMANIA
Dal*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [From Dalman, the geologist.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of trilobites, of many species, common in the Upper
Silurian and Devonian rocks.

DALMANITES
Dal`ma*ni"tes, n.

Defn: Same as Dalmania.

DALMATIAN
Dal*ma"tian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Dalmatia. Dalmatian dog (Zoöl.), a carriage
dog, shaped like a pointer, and having black or bluish spots on a
white ground; the coach dog.

DALMATICA; DALMATIC
Dal*mat"i*ca, n., Dal*mat"ic (, n. Etym: [LL. dalmatica: cf. F.
dalmatique.]

1. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A vestment with wide sleeves, and with two stripes, worn at
Mass by deacons, and by bishops at pontifical Mass; -- imitated from
a dress originally worn in Dalmatia.

2. A robe worn on state ocasions, as by English kings at their
coronation.

DAL SEGNO
Dal` se"gno. Etym: [It., from the sign.] (Mus.)

Defn: A direction to go back to the sign Segno.

DALTONIAN
Dal*to"ni*an, n.

Defn: One afflicted with color blindness.

DALTONISM
Dal"ton*ism, n.

Defn: Inability to perceive or distinguish certain colors, esp. red;
color blindness. It has various forms and degrees. So called from the
chemist Dalton, who had this infirmity. Nichol.

DAM
Dam, n. Etym: [OE. dame mistress, lady; also, mother, dam. See Dame.]

1. A female parent; -- used of beasts, especially of quadrupeds;
sometimes applied in contempt to a human mother.
Our sire and dam, now confined to horses, are a relic of this age
(13th century) . . . .Dame is used of a hen; we now make a great
difference between dame and dam. T. L. K. Oliphant.
The dam runs lowing up end down, Looking the way her harmless young
one went. Shak.

2. A kind or crowned piece in the game of draughts.

DAM
Dam, n. Etym: [Akin to OLG., D., & Dan. dam, G. & Sw. damm, Icel.
dammr, and AS. fordemman to stop up, Goth. Faúrdammjan.]

1. A barrier to prevent the flow of a liquid; esp., a bank of earth,
or wall of any kind, as of masonry or wood, built across a water
course, to confine and keep back flowing water.

2. (Metal.)

Defn: A firebrick wall, or a stone, which forms the front of the
hearth of a blast furnace. Dam plate (Blast Furnace), an iron plate
in front of the dam, to strengthen it.

DAM
Dam, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dammed; p. pr. & vb. n. Damming.]

1. To obstruct or restrain the flow of, by a dam; to confine by
constructing a dam, as a stream of water; -- generally used with in
or up.
I'll have the current in this place dammed up. Shak.
A weight of earth that dams in the water. Mortimer.

2. To shut up; to stop up; to close; to restrain.
The strait pass was dammed With dead men hurt behind, and cowards.
Shak.
To dam out, to keep out by means of a dam.

DAMAGE
Dam"age, n. Etym: [OF. damage, domage, F. dommage, fr. assumed LL.
damnaticum, from L. damnum damage. See Damn.]

1. Injury or harm to person, property, or reputation; an inflicted
loss of value; detriment; hurt; mischief.
He that sendeth a message by the hand of a fool cutteth off the feet
and drinketh damage. Prov. xxvi. 6.
Great errors and absurdities many commit for want of a friend to tell
them of them, to the great damage both of their fame and fortune.
Bacon.

2. pl. (Law)

Defn: The estimated reparation in money for detriment or injury
sustained; a compensation, recompense, or satisfaction to one party,
for a wrong or injury actually done to him by another.

Note: In common-law action, the jury are the proper judges of
damages. Consequential damage. See under Consequential.
 -- Exemplary damages (Law), damages imposed by way of example to
others.
 -- Nominal damages (Law), those given for a violation of a right
where no actual loss has accrued.
 -- Vindictive damages, those given specially for the punishment of
the wrongdoer.

Syn.
 -- Mischief; injury; harm; hurt; detriment; evil; ill. See Mischief.

DAMAGE
Dam"age, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Damages; p. pr. & vb. n. Damaging.]
Etym: [Cf. OF. damagier, domagier. See Damage, n.]

Defn: To ocassion damage to the soudness, goodness, or value of; to
hurt; to injure; to impair.
He . . . came up to the English admiral and gave him a broadside,
with which he killed many of his men and damaged the ship. Clarendon.

DAMAGE
Dam"age, v. i.

Defn: To receive damage or harm; to be injured or impaired in
soudness or value; as. some colors in damage in sunlight.

DAMAGEABLE
Dam"age*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. dammageable, for sense 2.]

1. Capable of being injured or impaired; liable to, or susceptible
of, damage; as, a damageable cargo.

2. Hurtful; pernicious. [R.]
That it be not demageable unto your royal majesty. Hakluit.

DAMAGE FEASANT
Dam"age fea`sant. Etym: [OF. damage + F. faisant doing, p. pr. See
Feasible.] (Law)

Defn: Doing injury; trespassing, as cattle. Blackstone.

DAMAN
Da"man, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small herbivorous mammal of the genus Hyrax. The species
found in Palestine and Syria is Hyrax Syriacus; that of Northern
Africa is H. Brucei; -- called also ashkoko, dassy, and rock rabbit.
See Cony, and Hyrax.

DAMAR
Dam"ar, n.

Defn: See Dammar.

DAMARA
Da*ma"ra, n. [The name is supposed to be from Hottentot dama
vanquished.]

Defn: A native of Damaraland, German Southwest Africa. The Damaras
include an important and warlike Bantu tribe, and the Hill Damaras,
who are Hottentots and mixed breeds hostile to the Bantus.

DAMASCENE
Dam"as*cene, a. Etym: [L. Damascenus of Damascus, fr. Damascus the
city, Gr. . See Damask, and cf. Damaskeen, Damaskin, Damson.]

Defn: Of or relating to Damascus.

DAMASCENE
Dam"as*cene, n.

Defn: A kind of plume, now called damson. See Damson.

DAMASCENE
Dam"as*cene, v. t.

Defn: Same as Damask, or Damaskeen, v. t. "Damascened armor."
Beaconsfield. "Cast and damascened steel." Ure.

DAMASCUS
Da*mas"cus, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A city of Syria. Damascus blade, a sword or scimiter, made
chiefly at Damascus, having a variegated appearance of watering, and
proverbial for excellence.
 -- Damascus iron, or Damascus twist, metal formed of thin bars or
wires of iron and steel elaborately twisted and welded together; used
for making gun barrels, etc., of high quality, in which the surface,
when polished and acted upon by acid, has a damasc appearance.
 -- Damascus steel. See Damask steel, under Damask, a.

DAMASCUS STEEL
Da*mas"cus steel.

Defn: See Damask steel, under Damask.

DAMASK
Dam"ask, n. Etym: [From the city Damascus, L. Damascus, Gr. , Heb.
Dammesq, Ar. Daemeshq; cf. Heb. d'meseq damask; cf. It. damasco, Sp.
damasco, F. damas. Cf. Damascene, DamassÉ.]

1. Damask silk; silk woven with an elaborate pattern of flowers and
the like. "A bed of ancient damask." W. Irving.

2. Linen so woven that a pattern in produced by the different
directions of the thread, without contrast of color.

3. A heavy woolen or worsted stuff with a pattern woven in the same
way as the linen damask; -- made for furniture covering and hangings.

4. Damask or Damascus steel; also, the peculiar markings or "water"
of such steel.

5. A deep pink or rose color. Fairfax.

DAMASK
Dam"ask, a.

1. Pertaining to, or originating at, the city of Damascus; resembling
the products or manufactures of Damascus.

2. Having the color of the damask rose.
But let concealment, like a worm i' the bud, Feed on her damask
cheek. Shak.
Damask color, a deep rose-color like that of the damask rose.
 -- Damask plum, a small dark-colored plum, generally called damson.
 -- Damask rose (Bot.), a large, pink, hardy, and very fragrant
variety of rose (Rosa damascena) from Damascus. "Damask roses have
not been known in England above one hundred years." Bacon.
 -- Damask steel, or Damascus steel, steel of the kind originally
made at Damascus, famous for its hardness, and its beautiful texture,
ornamented with waving lines; especially, that which is inlaid with
damaskeening; -- formerly much valued for sword blades, from its
great flexibility and tenacity.

DAMASK
Dam"ask, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Damasked; p. pr. & vb. n. Damasking.]

Defn: To decorate in a way peculiar to Damascus or attributed to
Damascus; particularly: (a) with flowers and rich designs, as silk;
(b) with inlaid lines of gold, etc., or with a peculiar marking or
"water," as metal. See Damaskeen.
Mingled metal damasked o'er with gold. Dryde
On the soft, downy bank, damasked with flowers. Milton.

DAMASKEEN; DAMASKEN
Dam"as*keen`, Dam"as*ken, v. t. Etym: [F. damaschinare. See
Damascene, v.]

Defn: To decorate, as iron, steel, etc., with a peculiar marking or
"water" produced in the process of manufacture, or with designs
produced by inlaying or incrusting with another metal, as silver or
gold, or by etching, etc., to damask.
Damaskeening is is partly mosaic work, partly engraving, and partly
carving. Ure.

DAMASKIN
Dam"as*kin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. damasquin, adj., It. damaschino, Sp.
damasquino. See Damaskeen.]

Defn: A sword of Damask steel.
No old Toledo blades or damaskins. Howell

DAMASSE
Da*mas*sé", a. Etym: [F. damassé, fr. damas. See Damask.]

Defn: Woven like damask.
 -- n.

Defn: A damassé fabric, esp. one of linen.

DAMASSIN
Dam"as*sin, n. Etym: [F., fr. damas. See Damask.]

Defn: A kind of modified damask or blocade.

DAMBONITE
Dambo*nite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dambonite.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline, sugary substance obtained from an African
caotchouc.

DAMBOSE
Dam"bose, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline vari ety of fruit sugar obtained from dambonite.

DAME
Dame, n. Etym: [F. dame, LL. domna, fr. L. domina mistress, lady,
fem. of dominus master, ruler, lord; akin to domare to tame, subdue.
See Tame, and cf. Dam mother, Dan, Danger, Dangeon, Dungeon, Dominie,
Don, n., Duenna.]

1. A mistress of a family, who is a lady; a womam in authority;
especially, a lady.
Then shall these lords do vex me half so much, As that proud dame,
the lord protector's wife. Shak.

2. The mistress of a family in common life, or the mistress of a
common school; as, a dame's school.
In the dame's classes at the village school. Emerson.

3. A woman in general, esp. an elderly woman.

4. A mother; -- applied to human beings and quadrupeds. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

DAMEWORT
Dame"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A cruciferrous plant (Hesperis matronalis), remarkable for its
fragrance, especially toward the close of the day; -- called also
rocket and dame's violet. Loudon.

DAMIANA
Da`mi*a"na, n. Etym: [NL.; of uncertain origin.] (Med.)

Defn: A Mexican drug, used as an aphrodisiac.

Note: There are several varieties derived from different plants, esp.
from a species of Turnera and from Bigelovia veneta. Wood & Bache.

DAMIANIST
Da"mi*an*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Damian, patriarch of Alexandria in the 6th
century, who held heretical opinions on the doctrine of the Holy
Trinity.

DAMMAR; DAMMARA
Dam"mar, Dam"ma*ra, n. Etym: [Jav. & Malay. damar.]

Defn: An oleoresin used in making varnishes; dammar gum; dammara
resin. It is obtained from certain resin trees indigenous to the East
Indies, esp. Shorea robusta and the dammar pine. Dammar pine, (Bot.),
a tree of the Moluccas (Agathis, or Dammara, orientalis), yielding
dammar.

DAMMARA
Dam"ma*ra, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A large tree of the order Coniferæ, indigenous to the East
Indies and Australasia; -- called also Agathis. There are several
species.

DAMN
Damn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Damned; p. pr. & vb. n. Damning.] Etym:
[OE. damnen dap), OF. damner, dampner, F. damner, fr. L. damnare,
damnatum, to condemn, fr. damnum damage, a fine, penalty. Cf.
Condemn, Damage.]

1. To condemn; to declare guilty; to doom; to adjudge to punishment;
to sentence; to censhure.
He shall not live; look, with a spot I damn him. Shak.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: To doom to punishment in the future world; to consign to
perdition; to curse.

3. To condemn as bad or displeasing, by open expression, as by
denuciation, hissing, hooting, etc.
You are not so arrant a critic as to damn them [the works of modern
poets] . . . without hearing. Pope.
Damn with faint praise, assent with civil leer, And without sneering
teach the rest to sneer. Pope.

Note: Damn is sometimes used interjectionally, imperatively, and
intensively.

DAMN
Damn, v. i.

Defn: To invoke damnation; to curse. "While I inwardly damn."
Goldsmith.

DAMNABILITY
Dam`na*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being damnable; damnableness. Sir T. More.

DAMNABLE
Dam"na*ble, a. Etym: [L. damnabilis, fr. damnare: cf. F. damnable.
See Damn.]

1. Liable to damnation; deserving, or for which one deserves, to be
damned; of a damning nature.
A creature unprepared unmeet for dealth, And to transport him in the
mind hi is, Were damnable. Shak.

2. Odious; pernicious; detestable.
Begin, murderer; . . . leave thy damnable faces. Shak.

DAMNABLENESS
Dam"na*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of deserving damnation; execrableness.
The damnableness of this most execrable impiety. Prynne.

DAMNABLY
Dam"na*bly, adv.

1. In a manner to incur sever

2. Odiously; detestably; excessively. [Low]

DAMNATION
Dam*na"tion, n. Etym: [F. damnation, L. damnatio, fr. damnare. See
Damn.]

1. The state of being damned; condemnation; openly expressed
disapprobation.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: Condemnation to everlasting punishment in the future state, or
the punishment itself.
How can ye escape the damnation of hell Matt. xxiii. 33.
Wickedness is sin, and sin is damnation. Shak.

3. A sin daserving of everlasting punishment. [R.]
The deep damnation of his taking-off. Shak.

DAMNATORY
Dam"na*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. damnatorius, fr. damnator a condemner.]

Defn: Doo "Damnatory invectives." Hallam.

DAMNED
Damned, a.

1. Sentenced to punishment in a future state; condemned; consigned to
perdition.

2. Hateful; detestable; abominable.
But, O, what damned minutes tells he o'er Who doats, yet doubts,
suspects, yet strongly loves. Shak.

DAMNIFIC
Dam*nif"ic, a. Etym: [L. damnificus; damnum damage, loss + facere to
make. See Damn.]

Defn: Procuring or causing loss; mischievous; injurious.

DAMNIFICATION
Dam`ni*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [LL. damnificatio.]

Defn: That which causes damage or loss.

DAMNIFY
Dam"ni*fy, v. t. Etym: [LL. damnificare, fr. L. damnificus: cf. OF.
damnefier. See Damnific.]

Defn: To cause loss or damage to; to injure; to imparir. [R.]
This work will ask as many more officials to make expurgations and
expunctions, that the commonwealth of learning be not damnified.
Milton.

DAMNING
Damn"ing, a.

Defn: That damns; damnable; as, damning evidence of guilt.

DAMNINGNESS
Damn"ing*ness, n.

Defn: Tendency to bring damnation. "The damningness of them [sins]."
Hammond.

DAMNUM
dam"num, n. Etym: [L.] (law)

Defn: Harm; detriment, either to character or property.

DAMOSEL; DAMOSELLA; DAMOISELLE
Dam"o*sel, Dam`o*sel"la, Da`moi`selle", n.

Defn: See Damsel. [Archaic]

DAMOURITE
Dam"our*ite, n. Etym: [Ater the French chemist Damour.] (Min.)

Defn: A kind of Muscovite, or potash mica, containing water.

DAMP
Damp, n. Etym: [Akin to LG., D., & Dan. damp vapor, steam, fog, G.
dampf, Icel. dampi, Sw. damb dust, and to MNG. dimpfen to smoke, imp.
dampf.]

1. Moisture; humidity; fog; fogginess; vapor.
Night . . . with black air Accompanied, with damps and dreadful
gloom. Milton.

2. Dejection; depression; cloud of the mind.
Even now, while thus I stand blest in thy presence, A secret damp of
grief comes o'er my soul. Addison.
It must have thrown a damp over your autumn excursion. J. D. Forbes.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A gaseous prodact, formed in coal mines, old wells, pints, etc.
Choke damp, a damp consisting principally of carboniCarbonic acid,
under Carbonic.
 -- Damp sheet, a curtain in a mine gallery to direct air currents
and prevent accumulation of gas.
 -- Fire damp, a damp consisting chiefly of light carbureted
hydrogen; -- so called from its tendence to explode when mixed with
atmospheric air and brought into contact with flame.

DAMP
Damp, a. [Compar. Damper; superl. Dampest.]

1. Being in a state between dry and wet; moderately wet; moist;
humid.
O'erspread with a damp sweat and holy fear. Dryden.

2. Dejected; depressed; sunk. [R.]
All these and more came flocking, but with looks Downcast and damp.
Milton.

DAMP
Damp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Damped; p. pr. & vb. n. Damping.] Etym:
[OE. dampen to choke, suffocate. See Damp, n.]

1. To render damp; to moisten; to make humid, or moderately wet; to
dampen; as, to damp cloth.

2. To put out, as fire; to depress or deject; to deaden; to cloud; to
check or restrain, as action or vigor; to make dull; to weaken; to
discourage. "To damp your tender hopes." Akenside.
Usury dulls and damps all industries, improvements, and new
inventions, wherein money would be stirring if it were not for this
slug. Bacon.
How many a day has been damped and darkened by an angry word! Sir J.
Lubbock.
The failure of his enterprise damped the spirit of the soldiers.
Macaulay.

DAMPEN
Damp"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dampened; p. pr. & vb. n. Dampening.]

1. To make damp or moist; to make slightly wet.

2. To depress; to check; to make dull; to lessen.
In a way that considerably dampened our enthusiasm. The Century.

DAMPEN
Damp"en, v. i.

Defn: To become damp; to deaden. Byron.

DAMPER
Damp"er, n.

Defn: That which damps or checks; as: (a) A valve or movable plate in
the flue or other part of a stove, furnace, etc., used to check or
regulate the draught of air. (b) A contrivance, as in a pianoforte,
to deaden vibrations; or, as in other pieces of mechanism, to check
some action at a particular time.
Nor did Sabrina's presence seem to act as any damper at the modest
little festivities. W. Black.

DAMPISH
Damp"ish, a.

Defn: Moderately damp or moist.
 -- Damp"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Damp"ish*ness, n.

DAMPNE
Damp"ne, v. t.

Defn: To damn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DAMPNESS
Damp"ness, n.

Defn: Moderate humidity; moisture; fogginess; moistness.

DAMP OFF
Damp" off`.

Defn: To decay and perish through excessive moisture.

DAMPY
Damp"y, a.

1. Somewhat damp. [Obs.] Drayton.

2. Dejected; gloomy; sorrowful. [Obs.] "Dispel dampy throughts."
Haywards.

DAMSEL
Dam"sel, n. Etym: [OE. damosel, damesel, damisel, damsel, fr. OF.
damoisele, damisele, gentlewoman, F. demoiselle young lady; cf. OF.
damoisel young nobleman, F. damoiseau; fr. LL. domicella,
dominicella, fem., domicellus, dominicellus, masc., dim. fr. L.
domina, dominus. See Dame, and cf. Demoiselle, Doncella.]

1. A young person, either male or female, of noble or gentle
extraction; as, Damsel Pepin; Damsel Richard, Prince of Wales. [Obs.]

2. A young unmarried woman; a gerl; a maiden.
With her train of damsels she was gone, In shady walks the scorching
heat to shum. Dryden.
Sometimes a troop of damsels glad, . . . Goes by to towered Cameleot.
Tennyson.

3. (Milling)

Defn: An attachment to a millstone spindle for shaking the hoppe

DAMSON
Dam"son, n. Etym: [OE. damasin the Damascus plum, fr. L. Damascenus.
See Damascene.]

Defn: A small oval plum of a blue color, the fruit of a variety of
the Prunus domestica; -- called also damask plum.

DAN
Dan, n. Etym: [OE. dan, danz, OF. danz (prop. only nom.), dan,
master, fr. L. dominus. See Dame.]

Defn: A title of honor equivalent to master, or sir. [Obs.]
Old Dan Geoffry, in gently spright The pure wellhead of poetry did
dwell. Spenser.
What time Dan Abraham left the Chaldee land. Thomson.

DAN
Dan, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Mining)

Defn: A small truck or sledge used in coal mines.

DANAIDE
Da"na*ide, n. Etym: [From the mythical Danaides, who were condemned
to fill with water a vessel full of holes.] (Mach.)

Defn: A water wheel having a vertical axis, and an inner and outer
tapering shell, between which are vanes or floats attached usually to
both shells, but sometimes only to one.

DANAITE
Da"na*ite, n. Etym: [Named after J. Freeman Dana.] (Min.)

Defn: A cobaltiferous variety of arsenopyrite.

DANALITE
Da"na*lite, n. Etym: [Named after James Dwight Dana.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occuring in octahedral crystals, also massive, of a
reddish color. It is a silicate of iron, zinc manganese, and
glicinum, containing sulphur.

DANBURITE
Dan"bu*rite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A borosilicate of lime, first found at Danbury, Conn. It is
near the topaz in form. Dana.

DANCE
Dance, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Danced; p. pr. & vb. n. Dancing.] Etym:
[F. danser, fr. OHG. dans to draw; akin to dinsan to draw, Goth.
apinsan, and prob. from the same root (meaning to stretch) as E.
thin. See Thin.]

1. To move with measured steps, or to a musical accompaniment; to go
through, either alone or in company with others, with a regulated
succession of movements, (commonly) to the sound of music; to trip or
leap rhytmically.
Jack shall pipe and Gill shall dance. Wiher.
Good shepherd, what fair swain is this Which dances with your dauther
Shak.

2. To move nimbly or merrily; to express pleasure by motion; to
caper; to frisk; to skip about.
Then, 'tis time to dance off. Thackeray.
More dances my rapt heart Than when I first my wedded mistress saw.
Shak.
Shadows in the glassy waters dance. Byron.
Where rivulets dance their wayward round. Wordsworth.
To dance on a rope, or To dance on nothing, to be hanged.

DANCE
Dance, v. t.

Defn: To cause to dance, or move nimbly or merrily about, or up and
down; to dandle.
To dance our ringlets to the whistling wind. Shak.
Thy grandsire loved thee well; Many a time he danced thee on his
knee. Shak.
To dance attendance, to come and go obsequiously; to be or remain in
waiting, at the beck and call of another, with a view to please or
gain favor.
A man of his place, and so near our favor, To dance attendance on
their lordships' pleasure. Shak.

DANCE
Dance, n. Etym: [F. danse, of German origin. See Dance, v. i.]

1. The leaping, tripping, or measured stepping of one who dances; an
amusement, in which the movements of the persons are regulated by
art, in figures and in accord with music.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A tune by which dancing is regulated, as the minuet, the waltz,
the cotillon, etc.

Note: The word dance was used ironically, by the older writers, of
many proceedings besides dancing.
Of remedies of love she knew parchance For of that art she couth the
olde dance. Chaucer.
Dance of Death (Art), an allegorical representation of the power of
death over all, -- the old, the young, the high, and the low, being
led by a dancing skeleton.
 -- Morris dance. See Morris.
 -- To lead one a dance, to cause one to go through a series of
movements or experiences as if guided by a partner in a dance not
understood.

DANCER
Dan"cer, n.

Defn: One who dances or who practices dancing. The merry dancers,
beams of the northern lights when they rise and fall alternately
without any considerable change of length. See Aurora borealis, under
Aurora.

DANCERESS
Dan"cer*ess, n.

Defn: A female dancer. [Obs.] Wyclif.

DANCETTE
Dan`cet`té", a. Etym: [Cf. F. danché dancetté, dent tooth.] (Her.)

Defn: Deeply indented; having large teeth; thus, a fess dancetté has
only three teeth in the whole width of the escutcheon.

DANCING
Dan"cing, p. a. & vb. n.

Defn: from Dance. Dancing girl, one of the women in the East Indies
whose profession is to dance in the temples, or for the amusement of
spectators. There are various classes of dancing girls.
 -- Dancing master, a teacher of dancing.
 -- Dancing school, a school or place where dancing is taught.

DANCY
Dan"cy, a. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Dancetté.

DANDELION
Dan"de*li`on, n. Etym: [F. dent de lion lion's tooth, fr. L. dens
tooth + leo lion. See Tooth, n., and Lion.] (Bot.)

Defn: A well-known plant of the genus Taraxacum (T. officinale,
formerly called T. Dens-leonis and Leontodos Taraxacum) bearing
large, yellow, compound flowers, and deeply notched leaves.

DANDER
Dan"der, n. Etym: [Corrupted from dandruff.]

1. Dandruff or scurf on the head.

2. Anger or vexation; rage [Low] Halliwell.

DANDER
Dan"der, v. i. Etym: [See Dandle.]

Defn: To wander about; to saunter; to talk incoherently. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

DANDI
Dan"di, n. Etym: [Hind. , fr. an oar.]

Defn: A boatman; an oarsman. [India]

DANDIE
Dan"die, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a breed of small terriers; -- called also Dandie
Dinmont.

DANDIE DINMONT; DANDIE
Dan"die Din"mont, or Dan"die, n.

1.

Defn: In Scott's "Guy Mannering", a Border farmer of eccentric but
fine character, who owns two terriers claimed to be the progenitors
of the Dandie Dinmont terriers.

2.  One of a breed of terriers with short legs, long body, and rough
coat, originating in the country about the English and Scotch border.

DANDIFIED
Dan"di*fied, a.

Defn: Made up like a dandy; having the dress or manners of a dandy;
buckish.

DANDIFY
Dan"di*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dandified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dandifying.] Etym: [Dandy + -fy.]

Defn: To cause to resemble a dandy; to make dandyish.

DANDIPRAT
Dan"di*prat, n. Etym: [Dandy + brat child.]

1. A little fellow; -- in sport or contempt. "A dandiprat hop-thumb."
Stanyhurst.

2. A small coin.
Henry VII. stamped a small coin called dandiprats. Camden.

DANDLE
Dan"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dandled; p. pr. & vb. n. Dandling.]
Etym: [Cf. G. dändeln to trifly, dandle, OD. & Prov. G. danten, G.
tand trifly, prattle; Scot. dandill, dander, to go about idly, to
trifly.]

1. To move up and down on one's knee or in one's arms, in
affectionate play, as an infant.
Ye shall be dandled . . . upon her knees. Is.

2. To treat with fondness, as if a child; to fondle; to toy with; to
pet.
They have put me in a silk gown and gaudy fool's cap; I as ashamed to
be dandled thus. Addison.
The book, thus dandled into popularity by bishops and good ladies,
contained many pieces of nursery eloquence. Jeffrey.

3. To play with; to put off or delay by trifles; to wheedle. [Obs.]
Captains do so dandle their doings, and dally in the service, as it
they would not have the enemy subdued. Spenser.

DANDLER
Dan"dler, n.

Defn: One who dandles or fondles.

DANDRIFF
Dan"driff, n.

Defn: See Dandruff. Swift.

DANDRUFF
Dandruff, n. Etym: [Prob. from W. toncrust, peel, skin + AS. dr
dirty, draffy, or W. drwg bad: cf. AS. tan a letter, an eruption. sq.
root240.]

Defn: A scurf which forms on the head, and comes off in small or
particles. [Written also dandriff.]

DANDY
Dan"dy, n.; pl. Dandies. Etym: [Cf. F. dandin, ninny, silly fellow,
dandiner to waddle, to play the fool; prob. allied to E. dandle.
Senses 2&3 are of uncertain etymol.]

1. One who affects special finery or gives undue attention to dress;
a fop; a coxcomb.

2. (Naut.)
(a) A sloop or cutter with a jigger on which a lugsail is set.
(b) A small sail carried at or near the stern of small boats; --
called also jigger, and mizzen.

3. A dandy roller. See below. Dandy brush, a yard whalebone brush.
 -- Dandy fever. See Dengue.
 -- Dandy line, a kind of fishing line to which are attached several
crosspieces of whalebone which carry a hook at each end.
 -- Dandy roller, a roller sieve used in machines for making paper,
to press out water from the pulp, and set the paper.

DANDY-COCK; DANDY-HEN
Dan"dy-cock` (, n. masc., Dan"dy-hen` (, n. fem. Etym: [See Dandy.]

Defn: A bantam fowl.

DANDYISE; DANDYIZE
Dan"dy*ise, v. t. & i.

Defn: To make, or to act, like a dandy; to dandify.

DANDYISH
Dan"dy*ish, a.

Defn: Like a dandy.

DANDYISM
Dan"dy*ism, n.

Defn: The manners and dress of a dandy; foppishness. Byron.

DANDYLING
Dan"dy*ling, n. Etym: [Dandy + .]

Defn: A little or insignificant dandy; a contemptible fop.

DANE
Dane, n. Etym: [LL. Dani: cf. AS. Dene.]

Defn: A native, or a naturalized inhabitant, of Denmark. Great Dane.
(Zoöl.) See Danish dog, under Danish.

DANEGELD; DANEGELT
Dane"geld`, Dane"gelt`, n. Etym: [AS. danegeld. See Dane, and Geld,
n.] (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: An annual tax formerly laid on the English nation to buy off
the ravages of Danish invaders, or to maintain forces to oppose them.
It afterward became a permanent tax, raised by an assessment, at
first of one shilling, afterward of two shillings, upon every hide of
land throughout the realm. Wharton's Law Dict. Tomlins.

DANEWORT
Dane"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A fetid European species of elder (Sambucus Ebulus); dwarf
elder; wallwort; elderwort; -- called also Daneweed, Dane's weed, and
Dane's-blood.

Note: [Said to grow on spots where battles were fought against the
Danes.]

DANG
Dang,

Defn: imp. of Ding. [Obs.]

DANG
Dang, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Ding.]

Defn: To dash. [Obs.]
Till she, o'ercome with anguish, shame, and rage, Danged down to hell
her loathsome carriage. Marlowe.

DANGER
Dan"ger, n. Etym: [OE. danger, daunger, power, arrogance, refusal,
difficulty, fr. OF. dagier, dongier (with same meaning), F. danger
danger, fr. an assumed LL. dominiarium power, authority, from L.
dominium power, property. See Dungeon, Domain, Dame.]

1. Authority; jurisdiction; control. [Obs.]
In dangerhad he . . . the young girls. Chaucer.

2. Power to harm; subjection or liability to penalty. [Obs.] See In
one's danger, below.
You stand within his danger, do you not Shak.
Covetousness of gains hath brought [them] in dangerof this statute.
Robynson (More's Utopia).

3. Exposure to injury, loss, pain, or other evil; peril; risk;
insecurity.

4. Difficulty; sparingness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

5. Coyness; disdainful behavior. [Obs.] Chaucer. In one's danger, in
one's power; liable to a penalty to be inflicted by him. [Obs.] This
sense is retained in the proverb, "Out of debt out of danger."
Those rich man in whose debt and danger they be not. Robynson (More's
Utopia).
-- To do danger, to cause danger. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- Peril; hazard; risk; jeopardy.
 -- Danger, Peril, Hazard, Risk, Jeopardy. Danger is the generic
term, and implies some contingent evil in prospect. Peril is instant
or impending danger; as, in peril of one's life. Hazard arises from
something fortuitous or beyond our control; as, the hazard of the
seas. Risk is doubtful or uncertain danger, often incurred
voluntarily; as, to risk an engagement. Jeopardy is extreme danger.
Danger of a contagious disease; the perils of shipwreck; the hazards
of speculation; the risk of daring enterprises; a life brought into
jeopardy.

DANGER
Dan"ger, v. t.

Defn: To endanger. [Obs.] Shak.

DANGERFUL
Dan"ger*ful, a.

Defn: Full of danger; dangerous. [Obs.] -- Dan"ger*ful*ly, adv.
[Obs.] Udall.

DANGERLESS
Dan"ger*less, a.

Defn: Free from danger. [R.]

DANGEROUS
Dan"ger*ous, a. Etym: [OE., haughty, difficult, dangerous, fr. OF.
dangereus, F. dangereux. See Danger.]

1. Attended or beset with danger; full of risk; perilous; hazardous;
unsafe.
Our troops set forth to-morrow; stay with us; The ways are dangerous.
Shak.
It is dangerous to assert a negative. Macaulay.

2. Causing danger; ready to do harm or injury.
If they incline to think you dangerous To less than gods. Milton.

3. In a condition of danger, as from illness; threatened with death.
[Colloq.] Forby. Bartlett.

4. Hard to suit; difficult to please. [Obs.]
My wages ben full strait, and eke full small; My lord to me is hard
and dangerous. Chaucer.

5. Reserved; not affable. [Obs.] "Of his speech dangerous." Chaucer.
 -- Dan"ger*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Dan"ger*ous*ness, n.

DANGLE
Dan"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dangled; p. pr. & vb. n. Dangling.]
Etym: [Akin to Dan. dangle, dial. Sw. dangla, Dan. dingle, Sw.
dingla, Icel. dingla; perh. from E. ding.]

Defn: To hang loosely, or with a swinging or jerking motion.
he'd rather on a gibbet dangle Than miss his dear delight, to
wrangle. Hudibras.
From her lifted hand Dangled a length of ribbon. Tennyson.
To dangle about or after, to hang upon importunately; to court the
favor of; to beset.
The Presbyterians, and other fanatics that dangle after them, are
well inclined to pull down the present establishment. Swift.

DANGLE
Dan"gle, v. t.

Defn: To cause to dangle; to swing, as something suspended loosely;
as, to dangle the feet.
And the bridegroom stood dangling his bonnet and plume. Sir W. Scott.

DANGLEBERRY
Dan"gle*ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A dark blue, edible berry with a white bloom, and its shrub
(Gaylussacia frondosa) closely allied to the common huckleberry. The
bush is also called blue tangle, and is found from New England to
Kentucky, and southward.

DANGLER
Dan"gler, n.

Defn: One who dangles about or after others, especially after women;
a trifler. " Danglers at toilets." Burke.

DANIEL
Dan"i*el, n.

Defn: A Hebrew prophet distinguished for sagacity and ripeness of
judgment in youth; hence, a sagacious and upright judge.
A Daniel come to judgment. Shak.

DANISH
Dan"ish, a. Etym: [See Dane.]

Defn: Belonging to the Danes, or to their language or country.
 -- n.

Defn: The language of the Danes. Danish dog (Zoöl.), one of a large
and powerful breed of dogs reared in Denmark; -- called also great
Dane. See Illustration in Appendix.

DANITE
Dan"ite, n.

1. A descendant of Dan; an Israelite of the tribe of Dan. Judges
xiii. 2.

2. Etym: [So called in remembrance of the prophecy in Gen. xlix. 17,
"Dan shall be a serpent by the way," etc.]

Defn: One of a secret association of Mormons, bound by an oath to
obey the heads of the church in all things. [U. S.]

DANK
Dank, a. Etym: [Cf. dial, Sw. dank a moist place in a field, Icel.
dökk pit, pool; possibly akin to E. damp or to daggle dew.]

Defn: Damp; moist; humid; wet.
Now that the fields are dank and ways are mire. Milton.
Cheerless watches on the cold, dank ground. Trench.

DANK
Dank, n.

Defn: Moisture; humidity; water. [Obs.]

DANK
Dank, n.

Defn: A small silver coin current in Persia.

DANKISH
Dank"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat dank.
 -- Dank"ish*ness, n.
In a dark and dankish vault at home. Shak.

DANNEBROG
Dan"ne*brog, n.

Defn: The ancient battle standard of Denmark, bearing figures of
cross and crown. Order of Dannebrog, an ancient Danish order of
knighthood.

DANSEUSE
Dan`seuse", n. Etym: [F., fr. danser to dance.]

Defn: a professional female dancer; a woman who dances at a public
exhibition as in a ballet.

DANSK
Dansk, a. Etym: [Dan.]

Defn: Danish. [Obs.]

DANSKER
Dansk"er, n.

Defn: A Dane. [Obs.]
Inquire me first what Danskers are in Paris. Shak.

DANTEAN
Dan*te"an, a.

Defn: Relatingto, emanating from or resembling, the poet Dante or his
writings.

DANTESQUE
Dan*tesque", a. Etym: [Cf. It. Dantesco.]

Defn: Dantelike; Dantean. Earle.

DANUBIAN
Da*nu"bi*an, a.

Defn: Pertainingto, or bordering on, the river Danube.

DAP
Dap, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Dip.] (Angling)

Defn: To drop the bait gently on the surface of the water.
To catch a club by dapping with a grasshoper. Walton.

DAPATICAL
Da*pat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. dapaticus, fr. daps feast.]

Defn: Sumptuous in cheer. [Obs.] Bailey.

DAPHNE
Daph"ne, n. Etym: [L., a laurel tree, from Gr. .]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of diminutive Shrubs, mostly evergreen, and with
fragrant blossoms.

2. (Myth.)

Defn: A nymph of Diana, fabled to have been changed into a laurel
tree.

DAPHNETIN
Daph"ne*tin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless crystalline substance, C9H6O4, extracted from
daphnin.

DAPHNIA
Daph"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of the genus Daphnia.

DAPHNIN
Daph"nin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. daphnine.] (Chem.)
(a) A dark green bitter resin extracted from the mezereon (Daphne
mezereum) and regarded as the essential principle of the plant. [R.]
(b) A white, crystalline, bitter substance, regarded as a glucoside,
and extracted from Daphne mezereum and D. alpina.

DAPHNOMANCY
Daph"no*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. da`fnh the laurel + -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by means of the laurel.

DAPIFER
Dap"i*fer, n. Etym: [L., daps a feast + ferre to bear.]

Defn: One who brings meat to the table; hence, in some countries, the
official title of the grand master or steward of the king's or a
nobleman's household.

DAPPER
Dap"per, a. Etym: [OE. daper; prob. fr. D. dapper brave, valiant;
akin to G. tapfer brave, OHG. taphar heavy, weighty, OSlav. dobrû
good, Russ. dobrui. Cf. Deft.]

Defn: Little and active; spruce; trim; smart; neat in dress or
appearance; lively.
He wondered how so many provinces could be held in subjection by such
a dapper little man. Milton.
The dapper ditties that I wont devise. Spenser.
Sharp-nosed, dapper steam yachts. Julian Hawthorne.

DAPPERLING
Dap"per*ling, n.

Defn: A dwarf; a dandiprat. [r.]

DAPPLE
Dap"ple, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. depill a spot, a dot, a dog with spots
over the eyes, dapi a pool, and E. dimple.]

Defn: One of the spots on a dappled animal.
He has . . . as many eyes on his body as my gray mare hath dapples.
Sir P. Sidney.

DAPPLE; DAPPLED
Dap"ple, Dap"pled, a.

Defn: Marked with spots of different shades of color; spotted;
variegated; as, a dapple horse.
Some dapple mists still floated along the peaks. Sir W. Scott.

Note: The word is used in composition to denote that some color is
variegated or marked with spots; as, dapple-bay; dapple-gray.
His steed was all dapple-gray. Chaucer.
O, swiftly can speed my dapple-gray steed. Sir W. Scott.

DAPPLE
Dap"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dappled; p. pr. & vb. n. Dappling.]

Defn: To variegate with spots; to spot.
The gentle day, . . . Dapples the drowsy east with spots of gray.
Shak.
The dappled pink and blushing rose. Prior.

DARBIES
Dar"bies, n. pl.

Defn: Manacles; handcuffs. [Cant]
Jem Clink will fetch you the darbies. Sir W. Scott.

Note: In "The Steel Glass" by Gascoigne, printed in 1576, occurs the
line "To binde such babes in father Derbies bands."

DARBY
Dar"by, n.

Defn: A plasterer's float, having two handles; -- used in smoothing
ceilings, etc.

DARBYITE
Dar"by*ite, n.

Defn: One of the Plymouth Brethren, or of a sect among them; -- so
called from John N. Darby, one of the leaders of the Brethren.

DARDANIAN
Dar*da"ni*an, a. & n.Etym: [From L. Dardania, poetic name of Troy.]

Defn: Trojan.

DARE
Dare, v. i. [imp. Durst or Dared (; p. p. Dared; p. pr. & vb. n.
Daring.] Etym: [OE. I dar, dear, I dare, imp. dorste, durste, AS. ic
dear I dare, imp. dorste. inf. durran; akin to OS. gidar, gidorsta,
gidurran, OHG. tar, torsta, turran, Goth. gadar, gadaúrsta, Gr.
tharsei^n, tharrei^n, to be bold, tharsy`s bold, Skr. Dhrsh to be
bold. sq. root70.]

Defn: To have adequate or sufficient courage for any purpose; to be
bold or venturesome; not to be afraid; to venture.
I dare do all that may become a man; Who dares do more is none. Shak.
Why then did not the ministers use their new law Bacause they durst
not, because they could not. Macaulay.
Who dared to sully her sweet love with suspicion. Thackeray.
The tie of party was stronger than the tie of blood, because a
partisan was more ready to dare without asking why. Jowett (Thu

Note: The present tense, I dare, is really an old past tense, so that
the third person is he dare, but the form he dares is now often used,
and will probably displace the obsolescent he dare, through
grammatically as incorrect as he shalls or he cans. Skeat.
The pore dar plede (the poor man dare plead). P. Plowman.
You know one dare not discover you. Dryden.
The fellow dares nopt deceide me. Shak.
Here boldly spread thy hands, no venom'd weed Dares blister them, no
slimly snail dare creep. Beau. & Fl.

Note: Formerly durst was also used as the present. Sometimes the old
form dare is found for durst or dared.

DARE
Dare, v. y. [imp. & p. p. Dared; p. pr. & vb. n. Daring.]

1. To have courage for; to attempt courageously; to venture to do or
to undertake.
What high concentration of steady feeling makes men dare every thing
and do anything Bagehot.
To wrest it from barbarism, to dare its solitudes. The Century.

2. To challenge; to provoke; to defy.
Time, I dare thee to discover Such a youth and such a lover. Dryden.

DARE
Dare, n.

1. The quality of daring; venturesomeness; boldness; dash. [R.]
It lends a luster . . . A large dare to our great enterprise. Shak.

2. Defiance; challenge.
Childish, unworthy dares Are not enought to part our powers. Chapman.
Sextus Pompeius Hath given the dare to Cæsar. Shak.

DARE
Dare, v. i. Etym: [OE. darien, to lie hidden, be timid.]

Defn: To lurk; to lie hid. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DARE
Dare, v. t.

Defn: To terrify; to daunt. [Obs.]
For I have done those follies, those mad mischiefs, Would dare a
woman. Beau. & Fl.
To dare larks, to catch them by producing terror through to use of
mirrors, scarlet cloth, a hawk, etc., so that they lie still till a
net is thrown over them. Nares.

DARE
Dare, n. Etym: [See Dace.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small fish; the dace.

DARE-DEVIL
Dare"-dev`il, n.

Defn: A reckless fellow. Also used adjectively; as, dare-devil
excitement.
A humorous dare-devil -- the very man To suit my prpose. Ld. Lytton.

DARE-DEVILTRY
Dare"-dev`il*try, n; pl. Dare-deviltries (.

Defn: Reckless mischief; the action of a dare-devil.

DAREFUL
Dare"ful, a.

Defn: Full af daring or of defiance; adveturous. [R.] Shak.

DARER
Dar"er, n.

Defn: One who dares or defies.

DARG; DARGUE
Darg, Dargue, n. Etym: [Scot., contr. fr. day work.]

Defn: A day's work; also, a fixed amount of work, whether more or
less than that of a day. [Local, Eng. & Scott]

DARIC
Dar"ic, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Antiq.)
(a) A gold coin of ancient Persia, weighing usually a little more
than 128 grains, and bearing on one side of the figure of an archer.
(b) A silver coin of about 86 grains, having the figure of an archer,
and hence, in modern times, called a daric.

2. Any very pure gold coin.

DARING
Dar"ing, n.

Defn: Boldness; fearlessness; adventurousness; also, a daring act.

DARING
Dar"ing, a.

Defn: Bold; fearless; adventurous; as, daring spirits.
 -- Dar"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Dar"ing*ness, n.

DARIOLE
Da`ri*ole", n. [F.]

1. A crustade. [Obs.]

2.  A shell or cup of pastry filled with custard, whipped cream,
crushed macaroons, etc.

DARK
Dark, a. Etym: [OE. dark, derk, deork, AS. dearc, deorc; cf. Gael. &
Ir. dorch, dorcha, dark, black, dusky.]

1. Destitute, or partially destitute, of light; not receiving,
reflecting, or radiating light; wholly or partially black, or of some
deep shade of color; not light-colored; as, a dark room; a dark day;
dark cloth; dark paint; a dark complexion.
O dark, dark, dark, amid the blaze of noon, Irrecoverable dark, total
eclipse Without all hope of day! milton.
In the dark and silent grave. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Not clear to the understanding; not easily
The dark problems of existence. Shairp.
What may seem dark at the first, will afterward be found more plain.
Hooker.
What's your dark meaning, mouse, of this light word Shak.

3. Destitute of knowledge and culture; in moral or intellectual
darkness; unrefined; ignorant.
The age wherin he lived was dark, but he Cobld not want light who
taught the world oto see. Denhan.
The tenth century used to be reckoned by mediæval historians as the
darkest part of this intellectual night. Hallam.

4. Evincing blaxk or foul traits of character; vile; wicked;
atrocious; as, a dark villain; a dark deed.
Left him at large to his own dark designs. Milton.

5. Foreboding evil; gloomy; jealous; suspicious.
More dark and dark our woes. Shak.
A deep melancholy took possesion of him, and gave a dark tinge to all
his views of human nature. Macaulay.
There is, in every true woman-s heart, a spark of heavenly fire,
which beams and blazes in the dark hour of adversity. W. Irving.

6. Deprived of sight; blind. [Obs.]
He was, I think, at this time quite dark, and so had been for some
years. Evelyn.

Note: Dark is sometimes used to qualify another adjective; as, dark
blue, dark green, and sometimes it forms the first part of a
compound; as, dark-haired, dark-eyed, dark-colored, dark-seated,
dark-working. A dark horse, in racing or politics, a horse or a
candidate whose chances of success are not known, and whose
capabilities have not been made the subject of general comment or of
wagers. [Colloq.] -- Dark house, Dark room, a house or room in which
madmen were confined. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- Dark lantern. See Lantern.
 -- The Dark Ages, a period of stagnation and obscurity in literature
and art, lasting, according to Hallam, nearly 1000 years, from about
500 to about 1500 A. D.. See Middle Ages, under Middle.
 -- The Dark and Bloody Ground, a phrase applied to the State of
Kentucky, and said to be the significance of its name, in allusion to
the frequent wars that were waged there between Indians.
 -- The dark day, a day (May 19, 1780) when a remarkable and
unexplained darkness extended over all New England.
 -- To keep dark, to reveal nothing. [Low]

DARK
Dark, n.

1. Absence of light; darkness; obscurity; a place where there is
little or no light.
Here stood he in the dark, his sharp sword out. Shak.

2. The condition of ignorance; gloom; secrecy.
Look, what you do, you do it still i' th' dark. Shak.
Till we perceive by our own understandings, we are as mucdark, and as
void of knowledge, as before. Locke.

3. (Fine Arts)

Defn: A dark shade or dark passage in a painting, engraving, or the
like; as, the light and darks are well contrasted.
The lights may serve for a repose to the darks, and the darks to the
lights. Dryden.

DARK
Dark, v. t.

Defn: To darken to obscure. [Obs.] Milton.

DARKEN
Dark"en, v. t. [Imp. & p. p. Darkened; p. pr. & vb. n. Darkening.]
Etym: [AS. deorcian. See Dark, a.]

1. To make dark or black; to deprite of light; to obscure; as, a
darkened room.
They [locusts] covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land
was darkened. Ex. x. 15.
So spake the Sovran Voice; and clouds began To darken all the hill.
Milton.

2. To render dim; to deprive of vision.
Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see. Rom. xi. 10.

3. To cloud, obscure, or perplex; to render less clear or
intelligible.
Such was his wisdom that his confidence did seldom darkenhis
foresight. Bacon.
Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge Job.
xxxviii. 2.

4. To cast a gloom upon.
With these forced thoughts, I prithee, darken not The mirth of the
feast. Shak.

5. To make foul; to sully; to tarnish.
I must not think there are Evils enough to darken all his goodness.
Shak.

DARKEN
Dark"en, v. i.

Defn: To grow or darker.

DARKENER
Dark"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, darkens.

DARKENING
Dark"en*ing, n.

Defn: Twilight; gloaming. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wright.

DARKFUL
Dark"ful, a.

Defn: Full of darkness. [Obs.]

DARKISH
Dark"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat dark; dusky.

DARKLE
Dar"kle, v. i. Etym: [Freq. of dark.]

Defn: To grow dark; to show indistinctly. Thackeray.

DARKLING
Dark"ling, adv. Etym: [Dark + the adverbial suffix -ling.]

Defn: In the dark. [Poetic]
So, out went the candle, and we were left darkling. Shak.
As the wakeful bird Sings darkling. Milton.

DARKLING
Dark"ling, p. pr. & a.

1. Becoming dark or gloomy; frowing.
His honest brows darkling as he looked towards me. Thackeray.

2. Dark; gloomy. "The darkling precipice." Moore.

DARKLY
Dark"ly, adv.

1. With imperfect light, clearness, or knowledge; obscurely; dimly;
blindly; uncertainly.
What fame to future times conveys but darkly down. Dryden.
so softly dark and darkly pure. Byron.

2. With a dark, gloomy, cruel, or menacing look.
Looking darkly at the clerguman. Hawthorne.

DARKNESS
Dark"ness, n.

1. The absence of light; blackness; obscurity; gloom.
And darkness was upon the face of the deep. Gen. i. 2.

2. A state of privacy; secrecy.
What I tell you in darkness, that speak ye in light. Matt. x. 27.

3. A state of ignorance or error, especially on moral or religious
subjects; hence, wickedness; impurity.
Men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil.
John. iii. 19.
Pursue these sons of darkness: drive them out From all heaven's
bounds. Milton.

4. Want of clearness or perspicuity; obscurity; as, the darkness of a
subject, or of a discussion.

5. A state of distress or trouble.
A day of clouds and of thick darkness. Joel. ii. 2.
Prince of darkness, the Devil; Satan. "In the power of the Prince of
darkness." Locke.

Syn.
 -- Darkness, Dimness, Obscurity, Gloom. Darkness arises from a
total, and dimness from a partial, want of light. A thing is obscure
when so overclouded or covered as not to be easily perceived. As tha
shade or obscurity increases, it deepens into gloom. What is dark is
hidden from view; what is obscure is difficult to perceive or
penetrate; the eye becomes dim with age; an impending storm fills the
atmosphere with gloom. When taken figuratively, these words have a
like use; as, the darkness of ignorance; dimness of discernment;
obscurity of reasoning; gloom of superstition.

DARKSOME
Dark"some, a.

Defn: Dark; gloomy; obscure; shaded; cheerless. [Poetic]
He brought him through a darksome narrow pass To a broad gate, all
built of beaten gold. Spenser.

DARKY
Dark"y, n.

Defn: A negro. [Sleng]

DARLING
Dar"ling, n. Etym: [OE. derling, deorling, AS. deórling; deóre dear +
-ling. See Dear, and -ling.]

Defn: One dearly beloved; a favorite.
And can do naught but wail her darling's loss. Shak.

DARLING
Dar"ling, a.

Defn: Dearly beloved; regarded with especial kindness and tenderness;
favorite. "Some darling science." I. Watts. "Darling sin." Macaulay.

DARLINGTONIA
Dar`ling*to"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named after Dr. William Darlington, a
botanist of West Chester, Penn.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of California pitcher plants consisting of a single
species. The long tubular leaves are hooded at the top, and
frequently contain many insects drowned in the secretion of the
leaves.

DARN
Darn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Darned; p. pr. & vb. n. Darning.] Etym:
[OE. derne, prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. darnio to piece, break in
pieces, W. & Arm. to E. tear. Cf. Tear, v. t.]

Defn: To mend as a rent or hole, with interlacing stitches of yarn or
thread by means of a needle; to sew together with yarn or thread.
He spent every day ten hours in his closet, in darning his stockins.
Swift.
Darning last. See under Last.
 -- Darning needle. (a) A long, strong needle for mending holes or
rents, especially in stockings. (b) (Zoöl.) Any species of dragon
fly, having a long, cylindrical body, resembling a needle. These
flies are harmless and without stings.

Note: [In this sense, usually written with a hyphen.] Called also
devil's darning-needle.

DARN
Darn, n.

Defn: A place mended by darning.

DARN
Darn, v. t.

Defn: A colloquial euphemism for Damn.

DARNEL
Dar"nel, n. Etym: [OE. darnel, dernel, of uncertain origin; cf. dial.
F. darnelle, Sw. dår-repe; perh. named from a supposed intoxicating
quality of the plant, and akin to Sw. dåra to infatuate, OD. door
foolish, G. thor fool, and Ee. dizzy.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any grass of the genus Lolium, esp. the Lolium temulentum
(bearded darnel), the grains of which have been reputed poisonous.
Other species, as Lolium perenne (rye grass or ray grass), and its
variety L. Italicum (Italian rye grass), are highly esteemed for
pasture and for making hay.

Note: Under darnel our early herbalists comprehended all kinds of
cornfield weeds. Dr. Prior.

DARNER
Darn"er, n.

Defn: One who mends by darning.

DARNEX; DARNIC
Dar"nex, Dar"nic, n.

Defn: Same as Dornick.

DAROO
Da*roo", n. (Bot.)

Defn: The Egyptian sycamore (Ficus Sycamorus). See Sycamore.

DARR
Darr, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European black tern.

DARRAIGN; DARRAIN
Dar"raign, Dar"rain,, v. t. Etym: [OF. deraisnier to explain, defend,
to maintain in legal action by proof and reasonings, LL. derationare;
de- + rationare to discourse, contend in law, fr. L. ratio reason, in
LL., legal cause. Cf. Arraign, and see Reason.]

1. To make ready to fight; to array. [Obs.]
Darrain your battle, for they are at hand. Shak.

2. To fight out; to contest; to decide by combat. [Obs.] "To darrain
the battle." Chaucer .

DARREIN
Dar"rein, a. Etym: [OF. darrein, darrain, fr. an assumed LL.
deretranus; L. de + retro back, backward.] (Law)

Defn: Last; as, darrein continuance, the last continuance.

DART
Dart, n. Etym: [OF. dart, of German origin; cf. OHG. tart javelin,
dart, AS. dara, daro, Sw. dart dagger, Icel. darra dart.]

1. A pointed missile weapon, intended to be thrown by the hand; a
short lance; a javelin; hence, any sharp-pointed missile weapon, as
an arrow.
And he [Joab] took three darts in his hand, and thrust them through
the heart of Absalom. 2 Sa. xviii. 14.

2. Anything resembling a dart; anything that pierces or wounds like a
dart.
The artful inquiry, whose venomed dart Scarce wounds the hearing
while it stabs the heart. Hannan More.

3. A spear set as a prize in running. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish; the dace. See Dace. Dart sac (Zoöl.), a sac connected
with the reproductive organs of land snails, which contains a dart,
or arrowlike structure.

DART
Dart, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Darted; p. pr. & vb. n. Darting.]

1. To throw with a sudden effort or thrust, as a dart or other
missile weapon; to hurl or launch.

2. To throw suddenly or rapidly; to send forth; to emit; to shoot;
as, the sun darts forth his beams.
Or what ill eyes malignant glances dart Pope.

DART
Dart, v. i.

1. To fly or pass swiftly, as a dart.

2. To start and run with velocity; to shoot rapidly along; as, the
deer darted from the thicket.

DARTARS
Dar"tars, n. Etym: [F. dartre eruption, dandruff.

Defn: A kind of scab or ulceration on the skin of lambs.

DARTER
Dart"er, n.

1. One who darts, or who throw darts; that which darts.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The snakebird, a water bird of the genus Plotus; -- so called
because it darts out its long, snakelike neck at its prey. See
Snakebird.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small fresh-water etheostomoid fish. The group includes
numerous genera and species, all of them American. See Etheostomoid.

DARTINGLY
Dart"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Like a dart; rapidly.

DARTLE
Dar"tle, v. t. & i.

Defn: To pierce or shoot through; to dart repeatedly: --
frequentative of dart.
My star that dartles the red and the blue. R. Browning.

DARTOIC
Dar*to"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the dartos.

DARTOID
Dar"toid, a. Etym: [Dartos + -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Like the dartos; dartoic; as, dartoid tissue.

DARTOS
Dar"tos, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. flayed.] (Anat.)

Defn: A thin layer of peculiar contractile tissue directly beneath
the skin of the scrotum.

DARTROUS
Dar"trous, a. Etym: [F. dartreux. See Dartars.] (Med.)

Defn: Relating to, or partaking of the nature of, the disease called
tetter; herpetic. Dartroud diathesis, A morbid condition of the
system predisposing to the development of certain skin deseases, such
as eczema, psoriasis, and pityriasis. Also called rheumic diathesis,
and hipretism. Piffard.

DARWINIAN
Dar*win"i*an, a. Etym: [From the name of Charles Darwin, an English
scientist.]

Defn: Pertaining to Darwin; as, the Darwinian theory, a theory of the
manner and cause of the supposed development of living things from
certain original forms or elements.

Note: This theory was put forth by Darwin in 1859 in a work entitled
"The Origin of species by Means of Natural Selection." The author
argues that, in the struggle for existence, those plants and
creatures best fitted to the requirements of the situation in which
they are placed are the ones that will live; in other words, that
Nature selects those which are survive. This is the theory of natural
selection or the survival of the fillest. He also argues that natural
selection is capable of modifying and producing organisms fit for
their circumstances. See Development theory, under Development.

DARWINIAN
Dar*win"i*an, n.

Defn: An advocate of Darwinism.

DARWINIANISM
Dar*win"i*an*ism, n.

Defn: Darwinism.

DARWINISM
Dar"win*ism, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The theory or doctrines put forth by Darwin. See above. Huxley.

DASE
Dase, v. t.

Defn: See Daze. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DASEWE
Dase"we, v. i. Etym: [OE. dasewen, daswen; cf. AS. dysegian to be
foolish.]

Defn: To become dim-sighted; to become dazed or dazzled. [Obs.]
Chauscer.

DASH
Dash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Dashing.] Etym:
[Of. Scand. origin; cf. Dan daske to beat, strike, Sw. & Icel. daska,
Dan. & Sw. dask blow.]

1. To throw with violence or haste; to cause to strike violently or
hastily; -- often used with against.
If you dash a stone against a stone in the botton of the water, it
maketh a sound. Bacon.

2. To break, as by throwing or by collision; to shatter; to crust; to
frustrate; to ruin.
Thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel. Ps. ii. 9.
A brave vessel, . . . Dashed all to pieces. Shak.
To perplex and dash Maturest counsels. Milton.

3. To put to shame; to confound; to confuse; to abash; to depress.
South.
Dash the proud gamesPope.

4. To throw in or on in a rapid, careless manner; to mix, reduce, or
adulterate, by throwing in something of an inferior quality; to
overspread partially; to bespatter; to touch here and there; as, to
dash wine with water; to dash paint upon a picture.
I take care to dash the character with such particular circumstance
as may prevent ill-natured applications. Addison.
The very source and fount of day Is dashed with wandering isles of
night. Tennyson.

5. To form or sketch rapidly or carelessly; to execute rapidly, or
with careless haste; -- with off; as, to dash off a review or sermon.

6. To erase by a stroke; to strike out; knock out; -- with out; as,
to dash out a word.

DASH
Dash, v. i.

Defn: To rust with violence; to move impetuously; to strike
violently; as, the waves dash upon rocks.
[He] dashed through thick and thin. Dryden.
On each hand the gushing waters play, And down the rough cascade all
dashing fall. Thomson.

DASH
Dash, n.

1. Violent striking together of two bodies; collision; crash.

2. A sudden check; abashment; frustration; ruin; as, his hopes
received a dash.

3. A slight admixture, infusion, or adulteration; a partial
overspreading; as, wine with a dash of water; red with a dash of
purple.
Innocence when it has in it a dash of folly. Addison.

4. A rapid movement, esp. one of short duration; a quick stroke or
blow; a sudden onset or rush; as, a bold dash at the enemy; a dash of
rain.
She takes upon her bravely at first dash. Shak.

5. Energy in style or action; animation; spirit.

6. A vain show; a blustering parade; a flourish; as, to make or cut a
great dash. [Low]

7. (Punctuation)

Defn: A mark or line [--], in writing or printing, denoting a sudden
break, stop, or transition in a sentence, or an abrupt change in its
construction, a long or significant pause, or an unexpected or
epigrammatic turn of sentiment. Dashes are also sometimes used
instead of marks or parenthesis. John Wilson.

8. (Mus.)
(a) The sign of staccato, a small mark [.
(b) The line drawn through a figure in the thorough bass, as a
direction to raise the interval a semitone.

9. (Racing)

Defn: A short, spirited effort or trial of speed upon a race course;
-- used in horse racing, when a single trial constitutes the race.

DASHBOARD
Dash"board`, n.

1. A board placed on the fore part of a carriage, sleigh, or other
vechicle, to intercept water, mud, or snow, thrown up by the heels of
the horses; -- in England commonly called splashboard.

2. (Naut.)
(a) The float of a paddle wheel.
(b) A screen at the bow af a steam launch to keep off the spray; --
called also sprayboard.

DASHEEN
Dash`een", n.

Defn: A tropical aroid (of the genus Caladium, syn. Colocasia) having
an edible farinaceous root. It is related to the taro and to the
tanier, but is much superior to it in quality and is as easily cooked
as the potato. It is a staple food plant of the tropics, being
prepared like potatoes, and has been introduced into the Southern
United States.

DASHER
Dash"er, n.

1. That which dashes or agitates; as, the dasher of a churn.

2. A dashboard or splashboard. [U. S.]

3. One who makes an ostentatious parade. [Low]

DASHING
Dash"ing, a.

Defn: Bold; spirited; showy.
The dashing and daring spirit is preferable to the listless. T.
Campbell.

DASHINGLY
Dash"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Conspicuously; showily. [Colloq.]
A dashingly dressed gentleman. Hawthorne.

DASHISM
Dash"ism, n.

Defn: The character of making ostentatious or blustering parade or
show. [R. & Colloq.]
He must fight a duel before his claim to . . . dashism can be
universally allowed. V. Knox.

DASHPOT
Dash"pot`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: A pneumatic or hydraulic cushion for a falling weight, as in
the valve gear of a steam engine, to prevent shock.

Note: It consists of a chamber, containing air or a liquid, in which
a piston (a), attached to the weight, falls freely until it enters a
space (as below the openings, b) from which the air or liquid can
escape but slowly (as through cock c), when its fall is gradually
checked.

Note: A cataract of an engine is sometimes called a dashpot.

DASHY
Dash"y, a. Etym: [From Dash.]

Defn: Calculated to arrest attention; ostentatiously fashionable;
showy. [Colloq.]

DASTARD
Das"tard, n. Etym: [Prob. from Icel. dæstr exhausted. breathless, p.
p. of dæsa to groan, lose one's breath; cf. dasask to become
exhausted, and E. daze.]

Defn: One who meanly shrinks from danger; an arrant coward; a
poltroon.
You are all recreants and dashtards, and delight to live in slavery
to the nobility. Shak.

DASTARD
Das"tard, a.

Defn: Meanly shrinking from danger; cowardly; dastardly. "Their
dastard souls." Addison.

DASTARD
Das"tard, v. t.

Defn: To dastardize. [R.] Dryden.

DASTARDIZE
Das"tard*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dastardized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dastardizing.]

Defn: To make cowardly; to intimidate; to dispirit; as, to dastardize
my courage. Dryden.

DASTARDLINESS
Das"tard*li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being dastardly; cowardice; base fear.

DASTARDLY
Das"tard*ly, a.

Defn: Meanly timid; cowardly; base; as, a dastardly outrage.

DASTARDNESS
Das"tard*ness, n.

Defn: Dastardliness.

DASTARDY
Das"tard*y, n.

Defn: Base timidity; cowardliness.

DASWE
Das"we, v. i.

Defn: See Dasewe [Obs.] Chaucer.

DASYMETER
Da*sym"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. rough, thick + -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for testing the density of gases, consisting of a
thin glass globe, which is weighed in the gas or gases, and then in
an atmosphere of known density.

DASYPAEDAL
Das`y*pæ"dal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Dasypædic.

DASYPAEDES
Das`y*pæ"des, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. hairy, shaggy + , , a
child.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Those birds whose young are covered with down when hatched.

DASYPAEDIC
Das`y*pæ"dic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Dasypædes; ptilopædic.

DASYURE
Das"y*ure, n. Etym: [Gr. thick, shaggy + tail: cf. F. dasyure.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A carnivorous marsupial quadruped of Australia, belonging to
the genus Dasyurus. There are several species.

DASYURINE
Das`y*u"rine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, the dasyures.

DATA
Da"ta, n. pl. Etym: [L. pl. of datum.]

Defn: See Datum.

DATABLE
Dat"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be dated; having a known or ascertainable date.
"Datable almost to a year." The Century.

DATARIA
Da*ta"ri*a, n. Etym: [LL., fr. L. datum given.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Formerly, a part of the Roman chancery; now, a separate office
from which are sent graces or favors, cognizable in foro externo,
such as appointments to benefices. The name is derived from the word
datum, given or dated (with the indications of the time and place of
granting the gift or favor).

DATARY
Da"ta*ry, n. Etym: [LL. datarius. See Dataria.]

1. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: An officer in the pope's court, having charge of the Dataria.

2. The office or employment of a datary.

DATE
Date, n.Etym: [F. datte, L. dactylus, fr. Gr. , prob. not the same
word as finger, but of Semitic origin.] (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of the date palm; also, the date palm itself.

Note: This fruit is somewhat in the shape of an olive, containing a
soft pulp, sweet, esculent, and wholesome, and inclosing a hard
kernel. Date palm, or Date tree (Bot.), the genus of palms which bear
dates, of which common species is Phoenix dactylifera. See Illust.
 -- Date plum (Bot.), the fruit of several species of Diospyros,
including the American and Japanese persimmons, and the European
lotus (D. Lotus).
 -- Date shell, or Date fish (Zoöl.), a bivalve shell, or its
inhabitant, of the genus Pholas, and allied genera. See Pholas.

DATE
Date, n. Etym: [F. date, LL. data, fr. L. datus given, p.p. of dare
to give; akin to Gr. , OSlaw. dati, Skr. da. Cf. Datum, Dose, Dato,
Die.]

1. That addition to a writing, inscription, coin, etc., which
specifies the time (as day, month, and year) when the writing or
inscription was given, or executed, or made; as, the date of a
letter, of a will, of a deed, of a coin. etc.
And bonds without a date, they say, are void. Dryden.

2. The point of time at which a transaction or event takes place, or
is appointed to take place; a given point of time; epoch; as, the
date of a battle.
He at once, Down the long series of eventful time, So fixed the dates
of being, so disposed To every living soul of every kind The field of
motion, and the hour of rest. Akenside.

3. Assigned end; conclusion. [R.]
What Time would spare, from Steel receives its date. Pope.

4. Given or assigned length of life; dyration. [Obs.]
Good luck prolonged hath thy date. Spenser.
Through his life's whole date. Chapman.
To bear date, to have the date named on the face of it; -- said of a
writing.

DATE
Date, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dated; p. pr. & vb. n. Dating.] Etym: [Cf.
F. dater. See 2d Date.]

1. To note the time of writing or executing; to express in an
instrument the time of its execution; as, to date a letter, a bond, a
deed, or a charter.

2. To note or fix the time of, as of an event; to give the date of;
as, to date the building of the pyramids.

Note: We may say dated at or from a place.
The letter is dated at Philadephia. G. T. Curtis.
You will be suprised, I don't question, to find among your
correspondencies in foreign parts, a letter dated from Blois.
Addison.
In the countries of his jornal seems to have been written; parts of
it are dated from them. M. Arnold.

DATE
Date, v. i.

Defn: To have beginning; to begin; to be dated or reckoned; -- with
from.
The Batavian republic dates from the successes of the French arms. E.
Everett.

DATELESS
Date"less, a.

Defn: Without date; having no fixed time.

DATE LINE
Date line.

Defn: The hypothetical line on the surface of the earth fixed by
international or general agreement as a boundary on one side of which
the same day shall have a different name and date in the calendar
from its name and date on the other side.

 Speaking generally, the date line coincides with the meridian 180º
from Greenwich. It deflects between north latitudes 80º and 45º, so
that all Asia lies to the west, all North America, including the
Aleutian Islands, to the east of the line; and between south
latitudes 12º and 56º, so that Chatham Island and the Tonga group lie
to the west of it. A vessel crossing this line to the westward sets
the date forward by one day, as from Sunday to Monday. A vessel
crossing the line to the eastward sets the date back by one day, as
from Monday to Sunday. Hawaii has the same day name as San Francisco;
Manila, the same day name as Australia, and this is one day later
than the day of Hawaii. Thus when it is Monday May 1st at San
Francisco it is Tuesday may 2d at Manila.

DATER
Dat"er, n.

Defn: One who dates.

DATISCIN
Da*tis"cin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline glucoside extracted from the bastard hemp
(Datisca cannabina).

DATIVE
Da"tive, a. Etym: [L. dativus appropriate to giving, fr. dare to
give. See 2d Date.]

1. (Gram.)

Defn: Noting the case of a noun which expresses the remoter object,
and is generally indicated in English by to or for with the
objective.

2. (Law)
(a) In one's gift; capable of being disposed of at will and pleasure,
as an office.
(b) Removable, as distinguished from perpetual; -- said of an
officer.
(c) Given by a magistrate, as distinguished from being cast upon a
party by the law. Burril. Bouvier. Dative executor, one appointed by
the judge of probate, his office answering to that of an
administrator.

DATIVE
Da"tive, n. Etym: [L. dativus.]

Defn: The dative case. See Dative, a.,

1.

DATIVELY
Da"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: As a gift. [R.]

DATOLITE
Dat"o*lite, n. Etym: [From. Gr. to divide + -lite; in allusion to the
granular structure of a massive variety.] (Min.)

Defn: A borosilicate of lime commonly occuring in glassy,, greenish
crystals. [Written also datholite.]

DATUM
Da"tum, n.; pl. Data. Etym: [L. See 2d Date.]

1. Something given or admitted; a fact or principle granted; that
upon which an inference or an argument is based; -- used chiefly in
the plural.
Any writer, therefore, who . . . furnishes us with data sufficient to
determine the time in which he wrote. Priestley.

2. pl. (Math.)

Defn: The quantities or relations which are assumed to be given in
any problem. Datum line (Surv.), the horizontal or base line, from
which the heights of points are reckoned or measured, as in the plan
of a railway, etc.

DATURA
Da*tu"ra, n. Etym: [NL.; cf. Skr. dhatt, Per. & Ar. tat, Tat.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of solanaceous plants, with large funnel-shaped flowers
and a four-celled, capsular fruit.

Note: The commonest species are the thorn apple (D. stramonium), with
a prickly capsule (see Illust. of capsule), white flowers and green
stem, and D. tatula, with a purplish tinge of the stem and flowers.
Both are narcotic and dangerously poisonous.

DATURINE
Da*tu"rine, n. Etym: [From Datura.] (Chem.)

Defn: Atropine; -- called also daturia and daturina.

DAUB
Daub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Daubed; p. pr. & vb. n. Daubing.] Etym:
[OE. dauben to smear, OF. dauber to plaster, fr. L. dealbare to
whitewash, plaster; de- + albare to whiten, fr. albus white, perh.
also confused with W. dwb plaster, dwbio to plaster, Ir. & OGael. dob
plaster. See Alb, and cf. Dealbate.]

1. To smear with soft, adhesive matter, as pitch, slime, mud, etc.;
to plaster; to bedaub; to besmear.
She took for him an ark of bulrushes, and daubed it with slime and
with pitch. Ex. ii. 3.

2. To paint in a coarse or unskillful manner.
If a picture is daubed with many bright and glaring colors, the
vulgar admire it is an excellent piece. I. Watts.
A lame, imperfect piece, rudely daubed over. Dryden.

3. To cover with a specious or deceitful exterior; to disguise; to
conceal.
So smooth he daubed his vice with show of virtue. Shak.

4. To flatter excessively or glossy. [R.]
I can safely say, however, that, without any daubing at all, I am
very sincerely your very affectionate, humble servant. Smollett.

5. To put on without taste; to deck gaudily. [R.]
Let him be daubed with lace. Dryden.

DAUB
Daub, v. i.

Defn: To smear; to play the flatterer.
His conscience . . . will not daub nor flatter. South.

DAUB
Daub, n.

1. A viscous, sticky application; a spot smeared or dabed; a smear.

2. (Paint.)

Defn: A picture coarsely executed.
Did you . . . take a look at the grand picture . . . 'T is a
melancholy daub, my lord. Sterne.

DAUBER
Daub"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, daubs; especially, a coarse, unskillful
painter.

2. (Copperplate Print.)

Defn: A pad or ball of rags, covered over with canvas, for inking
plates; a dabber.

3. A low and gross flattere.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The mud wasp; the mud dauber.

DAUBERY; DAUBRY
Daub"er*y, or Daub"ry, n.

Defn: A daubing; specious coloring; false pretenses.
She works by charms, by spells, by the figure, and such daubery as
this is. Shak.

DAUBING
Daub"ing, n.

1. The act of one who daubs; that which is daubed.

2. A rough coat of mortar put upon a wall to give it the appearance
of stone; rough-cast.

3. In currying, a mixture of fish oil and tallow worked into leather;
-- called also dubbing. Knight.

DAUBREELITE
Dau"bree*lite, n. Etym: [From Daubrée, a French mineralogist.] (Min.)

Defn: A sulphide of chromium observed in some meteoric irons.

DAUBY
Daub"y, a.

Defn: Smeary; viscous; glutinous; adhesive. "Dauby wax."

DAUGHTER
Daugh"ter, n.; pl. Daughters; obs. pl. Daughtren. Etym: [OE.
doughter, doghter, dohter, AS. dohtor, dohter; akin to OS. dohtar, D.
dochter, G. tochter, Icel. d, Sw. dotter, Dan. dotter, datter, Goth.
daúhtar,, OSlav. d, Russ. doche, Lith. dukt, Gr. , Zendughdhar, Skr.
duhit; possibly originally, the milker, cf. Skr. duh to milk. sq.
root68, 245.]

1. The female offspring of the human species; a female child of any
age; -- applied also to the lower animals.

2. A female descendant; a woman.
This woman, being a daughter of Abraham. Luke xiii. 16.
Dinah, the daughter of Leah, which she bare unto Jacob, went out to
see the daughter of the land. Gen. xxxiv. 1.

3. A son's wife; a daughter-in-law.
And Naomi said, Turn again, my daughters. Ruth. i. 11.

4. A term of adress indicating parental interest.
Daughter, be of good comfort. Matt. ix. 22.
Daughter cell (Biol.), one of the cells formed by cell division. See
Cell division, under Division.

DAUGHTER-IN-LAW
Daugh"ter-in-law`, n.; pl. Daughters-in-law.

Defn: The wife of one's son.

DAUGHTERLINESS
Daugh"ter*li*ness, n.

Defn: The state of a daughter, or the conduct becoming a daughter.

DAUGHTERLY
Daugh"ter*ly, a.

Defn: Becoming a daughter; filial.
Sir Thomas liked her natural and dear daughterly affection towards
him. Cavendish.

DAUK
Dauk, v. t.

Defn: See Dawk, v. t., to cut or gush.

DAUN
Daun, n.

Defn: A variant of Dan, a title of honor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DAUNT
Daunt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Daunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Daunting.] Etym:
[OF. danter, F. dompter to tame, subdue, fr. L. domitare, v. intens.
of domare to tame. See Tame.]

1. To overcome; to conquer. [Obs.]

2. To repress or subdue the courage of; to check by fear of danger;
to cow; to intimidate; to dishearten.
Some presences daunt and discourage us. Glanvill.

Syn.
 -- To dismay; appall. See Dismay.

DAUNTER
Daunt"er, n.

Defn: One who daunts.

DAUNTLESS
Daunt"less, a.

Defn: Incapable of being daunted; undaunted; bold; fearless;
intrepid.
Dauntless he rose, and to the fight returned. Dryden.
-- Daunt"less*ly, adv.
 -- Daunt"less*ness, n.

DAUPHIN
Dau"phin, n. Etym: [F. dauphin, prop., a dolphin, from L. delphinus.
See Dolphin. The name was given, for some reason unexplained, to
Guigo, count of Vienne, in the 12th century, and was borne by
succeeding counts of Vienne. In 1349, Dauphiny was bequeathed to
Philippe de Valois, king of France, on condition that the heir of the
crown should always hold the title of Dauphin de Viennois.]

Defn: The title of the eldest son of the king of France, and heir to
the crown. Since the revolution of 1830, the title has been
discontinued.

DAUPHINESS; DAUPHINE
Dau"phin*ess, or Dau"phine, n.

Defn: The title of the wife of the dauphin.

DAUW
Dauw, n. Etym: [D.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The striped quagga, or Burchell's zebra, of South Africa
(Asinus Burchellii); -- called also peechi, or peetsi.

DAVENPORT
Dav"en*port, n. Etym: [From the name of the original maker. Encyc.
Dict.]

Defn: A kind of small writing table, generally somewhat ornamental,
and forming a piece of furniture for the parlor or boudoir.
A much battered davenport in one of the windows, at which sat a lady
writing. A. B. Edwards.

DAVIDIC
Da*vid"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to David, the king and psalmist of Israel, or
to his family.

DAVIT
Dav"it, n. Etym: [Cf. F. davier forceps, davit, cooper's instrument,
G. david davit; all probably from the proper name David.] (Naut.)
(a) A spar formerly used on board of ships, as a crane to hoist the
flukes of the anchor to the top of the bow, without injuring the
sides of the ship; -- called also the fish davit. (b) pl.

Defn: Curved arms of timber or iron, projecting over a ship's side of
stern, having tackle to raise or lower a boat, swing it in on deck,
rig it out for lowering, etc.; -- called also boat davits. Totten.

DAVY JONES
Da"vy Jones".

Defn: The spirit of the sea; sea devil; -- a term used by sailors.
This same Davy Jones, according to the mythology of sailors, is the
fiend that presides over all the evil spirits of the deep, and is
seen in various shapes warning the devoted wretch of death and woe.
Smollett.
Davy Jones's Locker, the ocean, or bottom of the ocean.
 -- Gone to Davy Jones's Locker, dead, and buried in the sea; thrown
overboard.

DAVY LAMP
Da"vy lamp`.

Defn: See Safety lamp, under Lamp.

DAVYNE
Da"vyne, n. Etym: [See Davyum.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of nephelite from Vesuvius.

DAVYUM
Da"vy*um, n. Etym: [Named after Sir Humphry Davy, the English
chemist.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element found in platinum ore. It is a white
malleable substance. Symbol Da. Atomic weight 154.

DAW
Daw, n. Etym: [OE. dawe; akin to OHG. taha, MHG. tahe, tahele, G.
dohle. Cf. Caddow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European bird of the Crow family (Corvus monedula), often
nesting in church towers and ruins; a jackdaw.
The loud daw, his throat displaying, draw The whole assembly of his
fellow daws. Waller.

Note: The daw was reckoned as a silly bird, and a daw meant a
simpleton. See in Shakespeare: -- "Then thou dwellest with daws too."
(Coriolanus iv. 5, 1. 47.) Skeat.

DAW
Daw, v. i. Etym: [OE. dawen. See Dawn.]

Defn: To dawn. [Obs.] See Dawn.

DAW
Daw, v. t. Etym: [Contr. fr. Adaw.]

1. To rouse. [Obs.]

2. To daunt; to terrify. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

DAWDLE
Daw"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dawdled; p. pr. & vb. n. Dawdling.]
Etym: [Cf. Daddle.]

Defn: To waste time in trifling employment; to trifle; to saunter.
Come some evening and dawdle over a dish of tea with me. Johnson.
We . . . dawdle up and down Pall Mall. Thackeray.

DAWDLE
Daw"dle, v. t.

Defn: To waste by trifling; as, to dawdle away a whole morning.

DAWDLE
Daw"dle, n.

Defn: A dawdler. Colman & Carrick.

DAWDLER
Daw"dler, n.

Defn: One who wastes time in trifling employments; an idler; a
trifler.

DAWE
Dawe, n. Etym: [See Day.]

Defn: Day. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DAWISH
Daw"ish, a.

Defn: Like a daw.

DAWK
Dawk, n.

Defn: See Dak.

DAWK
Dawk, v. t. Etym: [Prov. E. dauk to cut or pierce with a jerk; cf.
OE. dalk a dimple. Cf. Ir. tolch, tollachd, tolladh, a hole, crevice,
toll to bore, pierce, W. tyllu.]

Defn: To cut or mark with an incision; to gash. Moxon.

DAWK
Dawk, n.

Defn: A hollow, crack, or cut, in timber. Moxon.

DAWN
Dawn, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dawned; p. pr. & vb. n. Dawning.] Etym:
[OE. dawnen, dawen, dagen, daien, AS. dagian to become day, to dawn,
fr. dæg day; akin to D. dagen, G. tagen, Icel. daga, Dan. dages, Sw.
dagas. See Day.

1. To begin to grow light in the morning; to grow light; to break, or
begin to appear; as, the day dawns; the morning dawns.
In the end of the Sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day
of the week, came Mary Magdalene . . . to see the sepulcher. Matt.
xxviii. 1.

2. To began to give promise; to begin to appear or to expand. "In
dawning youth." Dryden.
When life awakes, and dawns at every line. Pope.
Dawn on our darkness and lend us thine aid. Heber,

DAWN
Dawn, n.

1. The break of day; the first appeareance of light in the morning;
show of approaching sunrise.
And oft at dawn, deep noon, or falling eve. Thomson.
No sun, no moon, no morn, no noon, No dawn, no dusk, no proper time
of day. Hood.

2. First opening or expansion; first appearance; beginning; rise.
"The dawn of time." Thomson.
These tender circumstances diffuse a dawn of serenity over the soul.
Pope.

DAWSONITE
Daw"son*ite, n. Etym: [Named after J. W. Dawson of Montreal.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous carbonate of alumina and soda, occuring in white,
bladed crustals.

DAY
Day, n. Etym: [OE. day, dai,, dei, AS. dæg; akin to OS., D., Dan., &
Sw. dag, G, tag, Icel. dagr, Goth. dags; cf. Skr. dah (for dhagh ) to
burn. *69. Cf. Dawn.]

1. The time of light, or interval between one night and the next; the
time between sunrise and sunset, or from dawn to darkness; hence, the
light; sunshine.

2. The period of the earth's revolution on its axis.
 -- ordinarily divided into twenty-four hours. It is measured by the
interval between two successive transits of a celestial body over the
same meridian, and takes a specific name from that of the body. Thus,
if this is the sun, the day (the interval between two successive
transits of the sun's center over the same meridian) is called a
solar day; if it is a star, a sidereal day; if it is the moon, a
lunar day. See Civil day, Sidereal day, below.

3. Those hours, or the daily recurring period, allotted by usage or
law for work.

4. A specified time or period; time, considered with reference to the
existence or prominence of a person or thing; age; time.
A man who was great among the Hellenes of his day. Jowett (Thucyd. )
If my debtors do not keep their day, . . . I must with patience all
the terms attend. Dryden.

5. (Preceded by the) Some day in particular, as some day of contest,
some anniversary, etc.
The field of Agincourt, Fought on the day of Crispin Crispianus.
Shak.
His name struck fear, his conduct won the day. Roscommon.

Note: Day is much used in self-explaining compounds; as, daybreak,
daylight, workday, etc.

Anniversary day. See Anniversary, n.
 -- Astronomical day, a period equal to the mean solar day, but
beginning at noon instead of at midnight, its twenty-four hours being
numbered from 1 to 24; also, the sidereal day, as that most used by
astronomers.
 -- Born days. See under Born.
 -- Canicular days. See Dog day.
 -- Civil day, the mean solar day, used in the ordinary reckoning of
time, and among most modern nations beginning at mean midnight; its
hours are usually numbered in two series, each from 1 to 12. This is
the period recognized by courts as constituting a day. The
Babylonians and Hindoos began their day at sunrise, the Athenians and
Jews at sunset, the ancient Egyptians and Romans at midnight.
 -- Day blindness. (Med.) See Nyctalopia.
 -- Day by day, or Day after day, daily; every day; continually;
without intermission of a day. See under By. "Day by day we magnify
thee." Book of Common Prayer.
 -- Days in bank (Eng. Law), certain stated days for the return of
writs and the appearance of parties; -- so called because originally
peculiar to the Court of Common Bench, or Bench (bank) as it was
formerly termed. Burrill.
 -- Day in court, a day for the appearance of parties in a suit.
 -- Days of devotion (R. C. Ch.), certain festivals on which devotion
leads the faithful to attend mass. Shipley.
 -- Days of grace. See Grace.
 -- Days of obligation (R. C. Ch.), festival days when it is
obligatory on the faithful to attend Mass. Shipley.
 -- Day owl, (Zoöl.), an owl that flies by day. See Hawk owl.
 -- Day rule (Eng. Law), an order of court (now abolished) allowing a
prisoner, under certain circumstances, to go beyond the prison limits
for a single day.
 -- Day school, one which the pupils attend only in daytime, in
distinction from a boarding school.
 -- Day sight. (Med.) See Hemeralopia.
 -- Day's work (Naut.), the account or reckoning of a ship's course
for twenty-four hours, from noon to noon.
 -- From day to day, as time passes; in the course of time; as, he
improves from day to day.
 -- Jewish day, the time between sunset and sunset.
 -- Mean solar day (Astron.), the mean or average of all the apparent
solar days of the year.
 -- One day, One of these days, at an uncertain time, usually of the
future, rarely of the past; sooner or later. "Well, niece, I hope to
see you one day fitted with a husband." Shak.
 -- Only from day to day, without certainty of continuance;
temporarily. Bacon.
 -- Sidereal day, the interval between two successive transits of the
first point of Aries over the same meridian. The Sidereal day is 23
h. 56 m. 4.09 s. of mean solar time.
 -- To win the day, to gain the victory, to be successful. S. Butler.
 -- Week day, any day of the week except Sunday; a working day.
 -- Working day. (a) A day when work may be legally done, in
distinction from Sundays and legal holidays. (b) The number of hours,
determined by law or custom, during which a workman, hired at a
stated price per day, must work to be entitled to a day's pay.

DAYAKS
Day"aks, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: See Dyaks.

DAYBOOK
Day"book, n.

Defn: A journal of accounts; a primary record book in which are
recorded the debts and credits, or accounts of the day, in their
order, and from which they are transferred to the journal.

DAYBREAK
Day"break`, n.

Defn: The time of the first appearance of light in the morning.

DAY-COAL
Day"-coal`, n. (Mining)

Defn: The upper stratum of coal, as nearest the light or surface.

DAYDREAM
Day"dream`, n.

Defn: A vain fancy speculation; a reverie; a castle in the air;
unfounded hope.
Mrs. Lambert's little daydream was over. Thackeray.

DAYDREAMER
Day"dream`er, n.

Defn: One given to draydreams.

DAYFLOWER
Day"flow`er, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus consisting mostly of tropical perennial herbs
(Commelina), having ephemeral flowers.

DAYFLY
Day"fly`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A neuropterous insect of the genus Ephemera and related genera,
of many species, and inhabiting fresh water in the larval state; the
ephemeral fly; -- so called because it commonly lives but one day in
the winged or adult state. See Ephemeral fly, under Ephemeral.

DAY-LABOR
Day"-la`bor, n.

Defn: Labor hired or performed by the day. Milton.

DAY-LABORER
Day"-la`bor*er, n.

Defn: One who works by the day; -- usually applied to a farm laborer,
or to a workman who does not work at any particular trade. Goldsmith.

DAYLIGHT
Day"light`, n.

1. The light of day as opposed to the darkness of night; the light of
the sun, as opposed to that of the moon or to artificial light.

2. pl.

Defn: The eyes. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

DAY LILY
Day" lil`y. (Bot.)
(a) A genus of plants (Hemerocallis) closely resembling true lilies,
but having tuberous rootstocks instead of bulbs. The common species
have long narrow leaves and either yellow or tawny-orange flowers.
(b) A genus of plants (Funkia) differing from the last in having
ovate veiny leaves, and large white or blue flowers.

DAYMAID
Day"maid`, n.

Defn: A dairymaid. [Obs.]

DAYMARE
Day"mare`, n. Etym: [Day + mare incubus.] (Med.)

Defn: A kind of incubus which occurs during wakefulness, attended by
the peculiar pressure on the chest which characterizes nightmare.
Dunglison.

DAY-NET
Day"-net`, n.

Defn: A net for catching small birds.

DAY-PEEP
Day"-peep`, n.

Defn: The dawn. [Poetic] Milton.

DAYSMAN
Days"man, n. Etym: [From day in the sense of day fixed for trial.]

Defn: An umpire or arbiter; a mediator.
Neither is there any daysman betwixt us. Job ix. 33.

DAYSPRING
Day"spring, n.

Defn: The beginning of the day, or first appearance of light; the
dawn; hence, the beginning. Milton.
The tender mercy of our God; whereby the dayspring from on high hath
visited us. Luke i. 78.

DAY-STAR
Day"-star`, n.

1. The morning star; the star which ushers in the day.
A dark place, until the day dawn, and the day-star arise in your
hearts. 2 Peter i. 19.

2. The sun, as the orb of day. [Poetic]
So sinks the day-star in the ocean bed, And yet anon repairs his
drooping head, And tricks his beams, and with new-spangled ore Flames
in the forehead of the morning sky. Milton.

DAYTIME
Day"time`, n.

Defn: The time during which there is daylight, as distinguished from
the night.

DAYWOMAN
Day"wom`an, n.

Defn: A dairymaid. [Obs.]

DAZE
Daze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dazed; p. pr. & vb. n. Dazing.] Etym: [OE.
dasen, prob. from Icel. dasask to become weary, a reflexive verb; cf.
Sw. dasa to lie idle, and OD. daesen to be foolish, insane, daes,
dwaes, D. dwaas, foolish, insane, AS. dw, dysig, stupid. Dizzy,
Doze.]

Defn: To stupefy with excess of light; with a blow, with cold, or
with fear; to confuse; to benumb.
While flashing beams do daze his feeble eyen. Spenser.
Such souls, Whose sudden visitations daze the world. Sir H. Taylor.
He comes out of the room in a dazed state, that is an odd though a
sufficient substitute for interest. Dickens.

DAZE
Daze, n.

1. The state of being dazed; as, he was in a daze. [Colloq.]

2. (Mining)

Defn: A glittering stone.

DAZZLE
Daz"zle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dazzled; p. pr. & vb. n. Dazzling.]
Etym: [Freq. of daze.]

1. To overpower with light; to confuse the sight of by brilliance of
light.
Those heavenly shapes Will dazzle now the earthly, with their blaze
Insufferably bright. Milton.
An unreflected light did never yet Dazzle the vision feminine. Sir H.
Taylor.

2. To bewilder or surprise with brilliancy or display of any kind.
"Dazzled and drove back his enemies." Shak.

DAZZLE
Daz"zle, v. i.

1. To be overpoweringly or intensely bright; to excite admiration by
brilliancy.
Ah, friend! to dazzle, let the vain design. Pope.

2. To be overpowered by light; to be confused by excess of
brightness.
An overlight maketh the eyes dazzle. Bacon.
I dare not trust these eyes; They dance in mists, and dazzle with
surprise. Dryden.

DAZZLE
Daz"zle, n.

Defn: A light of dazzling brilliancy.

DAZZLEMENT
Daz"zle*ment, n.

Defn: Dazzling flash, glare, or burst of light. Donne.

DAZZLINGLY
Daz"zling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dazzling manner.

DE-
De-.

Defn: A prefix from Latin de down, from, away; as in debark, decline,
decease, deduct, decamp. In words from the French it is equivalent to
Latin dis- apart, away; or sometimes to de. Cf. Dis-. It is negative
and opposite in derange, deform, destroy, etc. It is intensive in
deprave, despoil, declare, desolate, etc.

DEACON
Dea"con, n. Etym: [OE. diakne, deakne, deken, AS. diacon, deacon, L.
diaconus, fr. Gr. dean.]

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: An officer in Christian churches appointed to perform certain
subordinate duties varying in different communions. In the Roman
Catholic and Episcopal churches, a person admitted to the lowest
order in the ministry, subordinate to the bishops and priests. In
Presbyterian churches, he is subordinate to the minister and elders,
and has charge of certain duties connected with the communion service
and the care of the poor. In Congregational churches, he is
subordinate to the pastor, and has duties as in the Presbyterian
church.

2. The chairman of an incorporated company. [Scot.]

DEACON
Dea"con, v. t.

Defn: To read aloud each line of (a psalm or hymn) before singing it,
-- usually with off. [Colloq. New. Eng.] See Line, v. t.

Note: The expression is derived from a former custom in the
Congregational churches of New England. It was part of the office of
a deacon to read aloud the psalm given out, one line at a time, the
congregation singing each line as soon as read; -- called, also,
lining out the psalm.

DEACONESS
Dea"con*ess, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: A female deacon; as:
(a) (Primitive Ch.) One of an order of women whose duties resembled
those of deacons. (b) (Ch. of Eng. and Prot. Epis. Ch.)

Defn: A woman set apart for church work by a bishop.
(c) A woman chosen as a helper in church work, as among the
Congregationalists.

DEACONHOOD
Dea"con*hood, n.

Defn: The state of being a deacon; office of a deacon; deaconship.

DEACONRY
Dea"con*ry, n.

Defn: See Deaconship.

DEACONSHIP
Dea"con*ship, n.

Defn: The office or ministry of a deacon or deaconess.

DEAD
Dead, a. Etym: [OE. ded, dead, deed, AS. deád; akin to OS. d, D.
dood, G. todt, tot, Icel. dau, Sw. & Dan. död, Goth. daubs; prop. p.
p. of an old verb meaning to die. See Die, and cf. Death.]

1. Deprived of life; -- opposed to alive and living; reduced to that
state of a being in which the organs of motion and life have
irrevocably ceased to perform their functions; as, a dead tree; a
dead man. "The queen, my lord, is dead." Shak.
The crew, all except himself, were dead of hunger. Arbuthnot.
Seek him with candle, bring him dead or living. Shak.

2. Destitute of life; inanimate; as, dead matter.

3. Resembling death in appearance or quality; without show of life;
deathlike; as, a dead sleep.

4. Still as death; motionless; inactive; useless; as, dead calm; a
dead load or weight.

5. So constructed as not to transmit sound; soundless; as, a dead
floor.

6. Unproductive; bringing no gain; unprofitable; as, dead capital;
dead stock in trade.

7. Lacking spirit; dull; lusterless; cheerless; as, dead eye; dead
fire; dead color, etc.

8. Monotonous or unvaried; as, a dead level or pain; a dead wall.
"The ground is a dead flat." C. Reade.

9. Sure as death; unerring; fixed; complete; as, a dead shot; a dead
certainty.
I had them a dead bargain. Goldsmith.

10. Bringing death; deadly. Shak.

11. Wanting in religious spirit and vitality; as, dead faith; dead
works. "Dead in trespasses." Eph. ii. 1.

12. (Paint.)
(a) Flat; without gloss; -- said of painting which has been applied
purposely to have this effect.
(b) Not brilliant; not rich; thus, brown is a dead color, as compared
with crimson.

13. (Law)

Defn: Cut off from the rights of a citizen; deprived of the power of
enjoying the rights of property; as, one banished or becoming a monk
is civilly dead.

14. (Mach.)

Defn: Not imparting motion or power; as, the dead spindle of a lathe,
etc. See Spindle. Dead ahead (Naut.), directly ahead; -- said of a
ship or any object, esp. of the wind when blowing from that point
toward which a vessel would go.
 -- Dead angle (Mil.), an angle or space which can not be seen or
defended from behind the parapet.
 -- Dead block, either of two wooden or iron blocks intended to serve
instead of buffers at the end of a freight car.
 -- Dead calm (Naut.), no wind at all.
 -- Dead center, or Dead point (Mach.), either of two points in the
orbit of a crank, at which the crank and connecting rod lie a
straight line. It corresponds to the end of a stroke; as, A and B are
dead centers of the crank mechanism in which the crank C drives, or
is driven by, the lever L.
 -- Dead color (Paint.), a color which has no gloss upon it.
 -- Dead coloring (Oil paint.), the layer of colors, the preparation
for what is to follow. In modern painting this is usually in
monochrome.
 -- Dead door (Shipbuilding), a storm shutter fitted to the outside
of the quarter-gallery door.
 -- Dead flat (Naut.), the widest or midship frame.
 -- Dead freight (Mar. Law), a sum of money paid by a person who
charters a whole vessel but fails to make out a full cargo. The
payment is made for the unoccupied capacity. Abbott.
 -- Dead ground (Mining), the portion of a vein in which there is no
ore.
 -- Dead hand, a hand that can not alienate, as of a person civilly
dead. "Serfs held in dead hand." Morley. See Mortmain.
 -- Dead head (Naut.), a rough block of wood used as an anchor buoy.
 -- Dead heat, a heat or course between two or more race horses,
boats, etc., in which they come out exactly equal, so that neither
wins.
 -- Dead horse, an expression applied to a debt for wages paid in
advance. [Law] -- Dead language, a language which is no longer spoken
or in common use by a people, and is known only in writings, as the
Hebrew, Greek, and Latin.
 -- Dead letter. (a) A letter which, after lying for a certain fixed
time uncalled for at the post office to which it was directed, is
then sent to the general post office to be opened. (b) That which has
lost its force or authority; as, the law has become a dead letter.
 -- Dead-letter office, a department of the general post office where
dead letters are examined and disposed of.
 -- Dead level, a term applied to a flat country.
 -- Dead lift, a direct lift, without assistance from mechanical
advantage, as from levers, pulleys, etc.; hence, an extreme
emergency. "(As we say) at a dead lift." Robynson (More's Utopia).
 -- Dead line (Mil.), a line drawn within or around a military
prison, to cross which involves for a prisoner the penalty of being
instantly shot.
 -- Dead load (Civil Engin.), a constant, motionless load, as the
weight of a structure, in distinction from a moving load, as a train
of cars, or a variable pressure, as of wind.
 -- Dead march (Mus.), a piece of solemn music intended to be played
as an accompaniment to a funeral procession.
 -- Dead nettle (Bot.), a harmless plant with leaves like a nettle
(Lamium album).
 -- Dead oil (Chem.), the heavy oil obtained in the distillation of
coal tar, and containing phenol, naphthalus, etc.
 -- Dead plate (Mach.), a solid covering over a part of a fire grate,
to prevent the entrance of air through that part.
 -- Dead pledge, a mortgage. See Mortgage.
 -- Dead point. (Mach.) See Dead center.
 -- Dead reckoning (Naut.), the method of determining the place of a
ship from a record kept of the courses sailed as given by compass,
and the distance made on each course as found by log, with allowance
for leeway, etc., without the aid of celestial observations.
 -- Dead rise, the transverse upward curvature of a vessel's floor.
 -- Dead rising, an elliptical line drawn on the sheer plan to
determine the sweep of the floorheads throughout the ship's length.
 -- Dead-Sea apple. See under Apple.
 -- Dead set. See under Set.
 -- Dead shot. (a) An unerring marksman. (b) A shot certain to be
made.
 -- Dead smooth, the finest cut made; -- said of files.
 -- Dead wall (Arch.), a blank wall unbroken by windows or other
openings.
 -- Dead water (Naut.), the eddy water closing in under a ship's
stern when sailing.
 -- Dead weight. (a) A heavy or oppressive burden. Dryden. (b)
(Shipping) A ship's lading, when it consists of heavy goods; or, the
heaviest part of a ship's cargo. (c) (Railroad) The weight of rolling
stock, the live weight being the load. Knight.
 -- Dead wind (Naut.), a wind directly ahead, or opposed to the
ship's course.
 -- To be dead, to die. [Obs.]
I deme thee, thou must algate be dead. Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- Inanimate; deceased; extinct. See Lifeless.

DEAD
Dead, adv.

Defn: To a degree resembling death; to the last degree; completely;
wholly. [Colloq.]
I was tired of reading, and dead sleepy. Dickens.
Dead drunk, so drunk as to be unconscious.

DEAD
Dead, n.

1. The most quiet or deathlike time; the period of profoundest
repose, inertness, or gloom; as, the dead of winter.
When the drum beat at dead of night. Campbell.

2. One who is dead; -- commonly used collectively.
And Abraham stood up from before his dead. Gen. xxiii. 3.

DEAD
Dead, v. t.

Defn: To make dead; to deaden; to deprive of life, force, or vigor.
[Obs.]
Heaven's stern decree, With many an ill, hath numbed and deaded me.
Chapman.

DEAD
Dead, v. i.

Defn: To die; to lose life or force. [Obs.]
So iron, as soon as it is out of the fire, deadeth straightway.
Bacon.

DEAD BEAT
Dead` beat".

Defn: See Beat, n., 7. [Low, U.S.]

DEADBEAT
Dead"beat`, a. (Physics)

Defn: Making a beat without recoil; giving indications by a single
beat or excursion; -- said of galvanometers and other instruments in
which the needle or index moves to the extent of its deflection and
stops with little or no further oscillation. Deadbeat escapement. See
under Escapement.

DEADBORN
Dead"born`, a.

Defn: Stillborn. Pope.

DEADEN
Dead"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deadened; p. pr. & vb. n. Deadening.]
Etym: [From Dead; cf. AS. d to kill, put to death. See Dead, a.]

1. To make as dead; to impair in vigor, force, activity, or
sensation; to lessen the force or acuteness of; to blunt; as, to
deaden the natural powers or feelings; to deaden a sound.

As harper lays his open palm Upon his harp, to deaden its vibrations.
Longfellow.

2. To lessen the velocity or momentum of; to retard; as, to deaden a
ship's headway.

3. To make vapid or spiritless; as, to deaden wine.

4. To deprive of gloss or brilliancy; to obscure; as, to deaden
gilding by a coat of size.

DEADENER
Dead"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, deadens or checks.

DEAD-EYE
Dead"-eye`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A round, flattish, wooden block, encircled by a rope, or an
iron band, and pierced with three holes to receive the lanyard; --
used to extend the shrouds and stays, and for other purposes. Called
also deadman's eye. Totten.

DEADHEAD
Dead"head`, n.

1. One who receives free tickets for theaters, public conveyances,
etc. [Colloq. U. S.]

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A buoy. See under Dead, a.

DEADHEARTED; DEAD-HEARTED
Dead"*heart`ed, a.

Defn: Having a dull, faint heart; spiritless; listless.
 -- Dead"*heart`ed*ness, n. Bp. Hall.

DEADHOUSE
Dead"house`, n.

Defn: A morgue; a place for the temporary reception and exposure of
dead bodies.

DEADISH
Dead"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat dead, dull, or lifeless; deathlike.
The lips put on a deadish paleness. A. Stafford.

DEADLATCH
Dead"latch`, n.

Defn: A kind of latch whose bolt may be so locked by a detent that it
can not be opened from the inside by the handle, or from the outside
by the latch key. Knight.

DEADLIGHT
Dead"light`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A strong shutter, made to fit open ports and keep out water in
a storm.

DEADLIHOOD
Dead"li*hood, n.

Defn: State of the dead. [Obs.]

DEADLINESS
Dead"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being deadly.

DEADLOCK
Dead"lock`, n.

1. A lock which is not self-latching, but requires a key to throw the
bolt forward.

2. A counteraction of things, which produces an entire stoppage; a
complete obstruction of action.
Things are at a deadlock. London Times.
The Board is much more likely to be at a deadlock of two to two. The
Century.

DEADLY
Dead"ly, a.

1. Capable of causing death; mortal; fatal; destructive; certain or
likely to cause death; as, a deadly blow or wound.

2. Aiming or willing to destroy; implacable; desperately hostile;
flagitious; as, deadly enemies.
Thy assailant is quick, skillful, and deadly. Shak.

3. Subject to death; mortal. [Obs.]
The image of a deadly man. Wyclif (Rom. i. 23).
Deadly nightshade (Bot.), a poisonous plant; belladonna. See under
Nightshade.

DEADLY
Dead"ly, adv.

1. In a manner resembling, or as if produced by, death. "Deadly
pale." Shak.

2. In a manner to occasion death; mortally.
The groanings of a deadly wounded man. Ezek. xxx. 24.

3. In an implacable manner; destructively.

4. Extremely. [Obs.] "Deadly weary." Orrery. "So deadly cunning a
man." Arbuthnot.

DEADNESS
Dead"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being destitute of life, vigor, spirit, activity,
etc.; dullness; inertness; languor; coldness; vapidness;
indifference; as, the deadness of a limb, a body, or a tree; the
deadness of an eye; deadness of the affections; the deadness of beer
or cider; deadness to the world, and the like.

DEAD-PAY
Dead"-pay`, n.

Defn: Pay drawn for soldiers, or others, really dead, whose names are
kept on the rolls.
O you commanders, That, like me, have no dead-pays. Massinger.

DEAD-RECKONING
Dead"-reck`on*ing, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See under Dead, a.

DEADS
Deads, n. pl. (Mining)

Defn: The substances which inclose the ore on every side.

DEAD-STROKE
Dead"-stroke`, a. (Mech.)

Defn: Making a stroke without recoil; deadbeat. Dead-stroke hammer
(Mach.), a power hammer having a spring interposed between the
driving mechanism and the hammer head, or helve, to lessen the recoil
of the hammer and reduce the shock upon the mechanism.

DEADWOOD
Dead"wood`, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A mass of timbers built into the bow and stern of a vessel to
give solidity.

2. Dead trees or branches; useless material.

DEADWORKS
Dead"works`, n. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: The parts of a ship above the water when she is laden.

DEAF
Deaf, a. Etym: [OE. def, deaf, deef, AS. deáf; akin to D. doof, G.
taub, Icel. daufr, Dan. döv, Sw. döf, Goth. daubs, and prob. to E.
dumb (the original sense being, dull as applied to one of the
senses), and perh. to Gr. toben to rage. Cf. Dumb.]

1. Wanting the sense of hearing, either wholly or in part; unable to
perceive sounds; hard of hearing; as, a deaf man.
Come on my right hand, for this ear is deaf. Shak.

2. Unwilling to hear or listen; determinedly inattentive; regardless;
not to be persuaded as to facts, argument, or exhortation; -- with
to; as, deaf to reason.
O, that men's ears should be To counsel deaf, but not to flattery!
Shak.

3. Deprived of the power of hearing; deafened.
Deaf with the noise, I took my hasty flight. Dryden.

4. Obscurely heard; stifled; deadened. [R.]
A deaf murmur through the squadron went. Dryden.

5. Decayed; tasteless; dead; as, a deaf nut; deaf corn. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
If the season be unkindly and intemperate, they [peppers] will catch
a blast; and then the seeds will be deaf, void, light, and naught.
Holland.
Deaf and dumb, without the sense of hearing or the faculty of speech.
See Deaf-mute.

DEAF
Deaf, v. t.

Defn: To deafen. [Obs.] Dryden.

DEAFEN
Deaf"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deafened; p. pr. & vb. n. Deafening.]
Etym: [From Deaf.]

1. To make deaf; to deprive of the power of hearing; to render
incapable of perceiving sounds distinctly.
Deafened and stunned with their promiscuous cries. Addison.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: To render impervious to sound, as a partition or floor, by
filling the space within with mortar, by lining with paper, etc.

DEAFENING
Deaf"en*ing, n.

Defn: The act or process of rendering impervious to sound, as a floor
or wall; also, the material with which the spaces are filled in this
process; pugging.

DEAFLY
Deaf"ly, adv.

Defn: Without sense of sounds; obscurely.

DEAFLY
Deaf"ly, a.

Defn: Lonely; solitary. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

DEAF-MUTE
Deaf"-mute`, n.

Defn: A person who is deaf and dumb; one who, through deprivation or
defect of hearing, has either failed the acquire the power of speech,
or has lost it. [See Illust. of Dactylology.]
Deaf-mutes are still so called, even when, by artificial methods,
they have been taught to speak imperfectly.

DEAF-MUTISM
Deaf"-mut`ism, n.

Defn: The condition of being a deaf-mute.

DEAFNESS
Deaf"ness, n.

1. Incapacity of perceiving sounds; the state of the organs which
prevents the impression which constitute hearing; want of the sense
of hearing.

2. Unwillingness to hear; voluntary rejection of what is addressed to
the understanding. Nervous deafness, a variety of deafness dependent
upon morbid change in some portion of the nervous system, especially
the auditory nerve.

DEAL
Deal, n. Etym: [OE. del, deel, part, AS. d; akin to OS. d, D. & Dan.
deel, G. theil, teil, Icel. deild, Sw. del, Goth. dails. Dole.]

1. A part or portion; a share; hence, an indefinite quantity, degree,
or extent, degree, or extent; as, a deal of time and trouble; a deal
of cold.
Three tenth deals [parts of an ephah] of flour. Num. xv. 9.
As an object of science it [the Celtic genius] may count for a good
deal . . . as a spiritual power. M. Arnold.
She was resolved to be a good deal more circumspect. W. Black.

Note: It was formerly limited by some, every, never a, a thousand,
etc.; as, some deal; but these are now obsolete or vulgar. In
general, we now qualify the word with great or good, and often use it
adverbially, by being understood; as, a great deal of time and pains;
a great (or good) deal better or worse; that is, better by a great
deal, or by a great part or difference.

2. The process of dealing cards to the players; also, the portion
disturbed.
The deal, the shuffle, and the cut. Swift.

3. Distribution; apportionment. [Colloq.]

4. An arrangement to attain a desired result by a combination of
interested parties; -- applied to stock speculations and political
bargains. [Slang]

5. Etym: [Prob. from D. deel a plank, threshing floor. See Thill.]

Defn: The division of a piece of timber made by sawing; a board or
plank; particularly, a board or plank of fir or pine above seven
inches in width, and exceeding six feet in length. If narrower than
this, it is called a batten; if shorter, a deal end.

Note: Whole deal is a general term for planking one and one half
inches thick.

6. Wood of the pine or fir; as, a floor of deal. Deal tree, a fir
tree. Dr. Prior.

DEAL
Deal, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dealt; p. pr. & vb. n. Dealing.] Etym: [OE.
delen, AS. d, fr. d share; akin to OS. d, D. deelen, G. theilen,
teilen, Icel. deila, Sw. dela, Dan. dele, Goth. dailjan. See Deal,
n.]

1. To divide; to separate in portions; hence, to give in portions; to
distribute; to bestow successively; -- sometimes with out.
Is not to deal thy bread to the hungry Is. lviii. 7.
And Rome deals out her blessings and her gold. Tickell.
The nightly mallet deals resounding blows. Gay.
Hissing through the skies, the feathery deaths were dealt. Dryden.

2. Specifically: To distribute, as cards, to the players at the
commencement of a game; as, to deal the cards; to deal one a jack.

DEAL
Deal, v. i.

1. To make distribution; to share out in portions, as cards to the
players.

2. To do a distributing or retailing business, as distinguished from
that of a manufacturer or producer; to traffic; to trade; to do
business; as, he deals in flour.
They buy and sell, they deal and traffic. South.
This is to drive to wholesale trade, when all other petty merchants
deal but for parcels. Dr. H. More.

3. To act as an intermediary in business or any affairs; to manage;
to make arrangements; -- followed by between or with.
Sometimes he that deals between man and man, raiseth his own credit
with both, by pretending greater interest than he hath in either.
Bacon.

4. To conduct one's self; to behave or act in any affair or towards
any one; to treat.
If he will deal clearly and impartially, . . . he will acknowledge
all this to be true. Tillotson.

5. To contend (with); to treat (with), by way of opposition, check,
or correction; as, he has turbulent passions to deal with. To deal
by, to treat, either well or ill; as, to deal well by servants. "Such
an one deals not fairly by his own mind." Locke.
 -- To deal in. (a) To have to do with; to be engaged in; to
practice; as, they deal in political matters. (b) To buy and sell; to
furnish, as a retailer or wholesaler; as, they deal in fish.
 -- To deal with. (a) To treat in any manner; to use, whether well or
ill; to have to do with; specifically, to trade with. "Dealing with
witches." Shak. (b) To reprove solemnly; to expostulate with.
The deacons of his church, who, to use their own phrase, "dealt with
him" on the sin of rejecting the aid which Providence so manifestly
held out. Hawthorne.
Return . . . and I will deal well with thee. Gen. xxxii. 9.

DEALBATE
De*al"bate, v. t. Etym: [L. dealbatus, p. p. of dealbare. See Daub.]

Defn: To whiten. [Obs.] Cockeram.

DEALBATION
De`al*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. dealbatio: cf. F. déalbation.]

Defn: Act of bleaching; a whitening. [Obs.]

DEALER
Deal"er, n.

1. One who deals; one who has to do, or has concern, with others;
esp., a trader, a trafficker, a shopkeeper, a broker, or a merchant;
as, a dealer in dry goods; a dealer in stocks; a retail dealer.

2. One who distributes cards to the players.

DEALFISH
Deal"fish`, n. Etym: [From deal a long, narrow plank.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A long, thin fish of the arctic seas (Trachypterus arcticus).

DEALING
Deal"ing, n.

Defn: The act of one who deals; distribution of anything, as of cards
to the players; method of business; traffic; intercourse;
transaction; as, to have dealings with a person. Double dealing,
insincere, treacherous dealing; duplicity.
 -- Plain dealing, fair, sincere, honorable dealing; honest,
outspoken expression of opinion.

DEALTH
Dealth, n.

Defn: Share dealt. [Obs.]

DEAMBULATE
De*am"bu*late, v. i. Etym: [L. deambulare, deambulatum; de- +
ambulare to walk.]

Defn: To walk abroad. [Obs.] Cockeram.

DEAMBULATION
De*am`bu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. deambulatio.]

Defn: A walking abroad; a promenading. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

DEAMBULATORY
De*am"bu*la*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. deambulator a traveler.]

Defn: Going about from place to place; wandering; of or pertaining to
a deambulatory. [Obs.] "Deambulatory actors." Bp. Morton.

DEAMBULATORY
De*am"bu*la*to*ry, n. Etym: [L. deambulatorium.]

Defn: A covered place in which to walk; an ambulatory.

DEAN
Dean, n. Etym: [OE. dene, deene, OF. deien, dien, F. doyen, eldest of
a corporation, a dean, L. decanus the chief of ten, one set over ten
persons, e. g., over soldiers or over monks, from decem ten. See Ten,
and cf. Decemvir.]

1. A dignitary or presiding officer in certain ecclesiastical and lay
bodies; esp., an ecclesiastical dignitary, subordinate to a bishop.
Dean of cathedral church, the chief officer of a chapter; he is an
ecclesiastical magistrate next in degree to bishop, and has immediate
charge of the cathedral and its estates.
 -- Dean of peculiars, a dean holding a preferment which has some
peculiarity relative to spiritual superiors and the jurisdiction
exercised in it. [Eng.] -- Rural dean, one having, under the bishop,
the especial care and inspection of the clergy within certain
parishes or districts of the diocese.

2. The collegiate officer in the universities of Oxford and
Cambridge, England, who, besides other duties, has regard to the
moral condition of the college. Shipley.

3. The head or presiding officer in the faculty of some colleges or
universities.

4. A registrar or secretary of the faculty in a department of a
college, as in a medical, or theological, or scientific department.
[U.S.]

5. The chief or senior of a company on occasion of ceremony; as, the
dean of the diplomatic corps; -- so called by courtesy. Cardinal
dean, the senior cardinal bishop of the college of cardinals at Rome.
Shipley.
 -- Dean and chapter, the legal corporation and governing body of a
cathedral. It consists of the dean, who is chief, and his canons or
prebendaries.
 -- Dean of arches, the lay judge of the court of arches.
 -- Dean of faculty, the president of an incorporation or barristers;
specifically, the president of the incorporation of advocates in
Edinburgh.
 -- Dean of guild, a magistrate of Scotch burghs, formerly, and
still, in some burghs, chosen by the Guildry, whose duty is to
superintend the erection of new buildings and see that they conform
to the law.
 -- Dean of a monastery, Monastic dean, a monastic superior over ten
monks.
 -- Dean's stall. See Decanal stall, under Decanal.

DEANERY
Dean"er*y, n.; pl. Deaneries (.

1. The office or the revenue of a dean. See the Note under Benefice,
n., 3.

2. The residence of a dean. Shak.

3. The territorial jurisdiction of a dean.
Each archdeaconry is divided into rural deaneries, and each deanery
is divided into parishes. Blackstone.

DEANSHIP
Dean"ship, n.

Defn: The office of a dean.
I dont't value your deanship a straw. Swift.

DEAR
Dear, a. [Compar. Dearer; superl. Dearest.] Etym: [OE. dere, deore,
AS. deóre; akin to OS. diuri, D. duur, OHG. tiuri, G. theuer, teuer,
Icel. d, Dan. & Sw. dyr. Cf. Darling, Dearth.]

1. Bearing a high price; high-priced; costly; expensive.
The cheapest of us is ten groats too dear. Shak.

2. Marked by scarcity or dearth, and exorbitance of price; as, a dear
year.

3. Highly valued; greatly beloved; cherished; precious. "Hear me,
dear lady." Shak.
Neither count I my life dear unto myself. Acts xx. 24.
And the last joy was dearer than the rest. Pope.
Dear as remember'd kisses after death. Tennyson.

4. Hence, close to the heart; heartfelt; present in mind; engaging
the attention. (a) Of agreeable things and interests.
[I'll] leave you to attend him: some dear cause Will in concealment
wrap me up awhile. Shak.
His dearest wish was to escape from the bustle and glitter of
Whitehall. Macaulay.
(b) Of disagreeable things and antipathies.
In our dear peril. Shak.
Would I had met my dearest foe in heaven Or ever I had seen that day.
Shak.

DEAR
Dear, n.

Defn: A dear one; lover; sweetheart.
That kiss I carried from thee, dear. Shak.

DEAR
Dear, adv.

Defn: Dearly; at a high price.
If thou attempt it, it will cost thee dear. Shak.

DEAR
Dear, v. t.

Defn: To endear. [Obs.] Shelton.

DEARBORN
Dear"born, n.

Defn: A four-wheeled carriage, with curtained sides.

DEAR-BOUGHT
Dear"-bought`, a.

Defn: Bought at a high price; as, dear-bought experience.

DEARE
Deare,

Defn: variant of Dere, v. t. & n. [Obs.]

DEARIE
Dear"ie, n.

Defn: Same as Deary. Dickens.

DEARLING
Dear"ling, n.

Defn: A darling. [Obs.] Spenser.

DEAR-LOVED
Dear"-loved`, a.

Defn: Greatly beloved. Shak.

DEARLY
Dear"ly, adv.

1. In a dear manner; with affection; heartily; earnestly; as, to love
one dearly.

2. At a high rate or price; grievously.
He buys his mistress dearly with his throne. Dryden.

3. Exquisitely. [Obs.] Shak.

DEARN
Dearn, a. Etym: [AS. derne, dyrne, dierne, hidden, secret. Cf.
Derne.]

Defn: Secret; lonely; solitary; dreadful. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- Dearn"ly, adv. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DEARN
Dearn, v. t.

Defn: Same as Darn. [Obs.]

DEARNESS
Dear"ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being dear; costliness; excess of price.
The dearness of corn. Swift.

2. Fondness; preciousness; love; tenderness.
The dearness of friendship. Bacon.

DEARTH
Dearth, n. Etym: [OE. derthe, fr. dere. See Dear.]

Defn: Scarcity which renders dear; want; lack; specifically, lack of
food on account of failure of crops; famine.
There came a dearth over all the land of Egypt. Acts vii. 11.
He with her press'd, she faint with dearth. Shak.
Dearth of plot, and narrowness of imagination. Dryden.

DEARTICULATE
De`ar*tic"u*late, v. t.

Defn: To disjoint.

DEARWORTH
Dear"worth`, a. Etym: [See Derworth.]

Defn: Precious. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

DEARY
Dear"y, n.

Defn: A dear; a darling. [Familiar]

DEAS
De"as, n.

Defn: See Dais. [Scot.]

DEATH
Death, n. Etym: [OE. deth, dea, AS. deá; akin to OS. d, D. dood, G.
tod, Icel. dau, Sw. & Dan. död, Goth. daupus; from a verb meaning to
die. See Die, v. i., and cf. Dead.]

1. The cessation of all vital phenomena without capability of
resuscitation, either in animals or plants.

Note: Local death is going on at times and in all parts of the living
body, in which individual cells and elements are being cast off and
replaced by new; a process essential to life. General death is of two
kinds; death of the body as a whole (somatic or systemic death), and
death of the tissues. By the former is implied the absolute cessation
of the functions of the brain, the circulatory and the respiratory
organs; by the latter the entire disappearance of the vital actions
of the ultimate structural constituents of the body. When death takes
place, the body as a whole dies first, the death of the tissues
sometimes not occurring until after a considerable interval. Huxley.

2. Total privation or loss; extinction; cessation; as, the death of
memory.
The death of a language can not be exactly compared with the death of
a plant. J. Peile.

3. Manner of dying; act or state of passing from life.
A death that I abhor. Shak.
Let me die the death of the righteous. Num. xxiii. 10.

4. Cause of loss of life.
Swiftly flies the feathered death. Dryden.
He caught his death the last county sessions. Addison.

5. Personified: The destroyer of life, -- conventionally represented
as a skeleton with a scythe.
Death! great proprietor of all. Young.
And I looked, and behold a pale horse; and his name that at on him
was Death. Rev. vi. 8.

6. Danger of death. "In deaths oft." 2 Cor. xi. 23.

7. Murder; murderous character.
Not to suffer a man of death to live. Bacon.

8. (Theol.)

Defn: Loss of spiritual life.
To be death. Rom. viii. 6.

9. Anything so dreadful as to be like death.
It was death to them to think of entertaining such doctrines.
Atterbury.
And urged him, so that his soul was vexed unto death. Judg. xvi. 16.

Note: Death is much used adjectively and as the first part of a
compound, meaning, in general, of or pertaining to death, causing or
presaging death; as, deathbed or death bed; deathblow or death blow,
etc. Black death. See Black death, in the Vocabulary.
 -- Civil death, the separation of a man from civil society, or the
debarring him from the enjoyment of civil rights, as by banishment,
attainder, abjuration of the realm, entering a monastery, etc.
Blackstone.
 -- Death adder. (Zoöl.) (a) A kind of viper found in South Africa
(Acanthophis tortor); -- so called from the virulence of its venom.
(b) A venomous Australian snake of the family Elapidæ, of several
species, as the Hoplocephalus superbus and Acanthopis antarctica.
 -- Death bell, a bell that announces a death.
The death bell thrice was heard to ring. Mickle.
-- Death candle, a light like that of a candle, viewed by the
superstitious as presaging death.
 -- Death damp, a cold sweat at the coming on of death.
 -- Death fire, a kind of ignis fatuus supposed to forebode death.
And round about in reel and rout, The death fires danced at night.
Coleridge.
-- Death grapple, a grapple or struggle for life.
 -- Death in life, a condition but little removed from death; a
living death. [Poetic] "Lay lingering out a five years' death in
life." Tennyson.
 -- Death knell, a stroke or tolling of a bell, announcing a death.
 -- Death rate, the relation or ratio of the number of deaths to the
population.
At all ages the death rate is higher in towns than in rural
districts. Darwin.
-- Death rattle, a rattling or gurgling in the throat of a dying
person.
 -- Death's door, the boundary of life; the partition dividing life
from death.
 -- Death stroke, a stroke causing death.
 -- Death throe, the spasm of death.
 -- Death token, the signal of approaching death.
 -- Death warrant. (a) (Law) An order from the proper authority for
the execution of a criminal. (b) That which puts an end to
expectation, hope, or joy.
 -- Death wound. (a) A fatal wound or injury. (b) (Naut.) The
springing of a fatal leak.
 -- Spiritual death (Scripture), the corruption and perversion of the
soul by sin, with the loss of the favor of God.
 -- The gates of death, the grave.
Have the gates of death been opened unto thee Job xxxviii. 17.
-- The second death, condemnation to eternal separation from God.
Rev. ii. 11.
 -- To be the death of, to be the cause of death to; to make die. "It
was one who should be the death of both his parents." Milton.

Syn.
 -- Death, Decrase, Departure, Release. Death applies to the
termination of every form of existence, both animal and vegetable;
the other words only to the human race. Decease is the term used in
law for the removal of a human being out of life in the ordinary
course of nature. Demise was formerly confined to decease of princes,
but is now sometimes used of distinguished men in general; as, the
demise of Mr. Pitt. Departure and release are peculiarly terms of
Christian affection and hope. A violent death is not usually called a
decease. Departure implies a friendly taking leave of life. Release
implies a deliverance from a life of suffering or sorrow.

DEATHBED
Death"bed, n.

Defn: The bed in which a person dies; hence, the closing hours of
life of one who dies by sickness or the like; the last sickness.
That often-quoted passage from Lord Hervey in which the Queen's
deathbed is described. Thackeray.

DEATHBIRD
Death"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Tengmalm's or Richardson's owl (Nyctale Tengmalmi); -- so
called from a superstition of the North American Indians that its
note presages death.

DEATHBLOW
Death"blow`, n.

Defn: A mortal or crushing blow; a stroke or event which kills or
destroys.
The deathblow of my hope. Byron.

DEATHFUL
Death"ful, a.

1. Full of death or slaughter; murderous; destructive; bloody.
These eyes behold The deathful scene. Pope.

2. Liable to undergo death; mortal.
The deathless gods and deathful earth. Chapman.

DEATHFULNESS
Death"ful*ness, n.

Defn: Appearance of death. Jer. Taylor.

DEATHLESS
Death"less, a.

Defn: Not subject to death, destruction, or extinction; immortal;
undying; imperishable; as, deathless beings; deathless fame.

DEATHLIKE
Death"like`, a.

1. Resembling death.
A deathlike slumber, and a dead repose. Pope.

2. Deadly. [Obs.] "Deathlike dragons." Shak.

DEATHLINESS
Death"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being deathly; deadliness. Southey.

DEATHLY
Death"ly, a.

Defn: Deadly; fatal; mortal; destructive.

DEATHLY
Death"ly, adv.

Defn: Deadly; as, deathly pale or sick.

DEATH'S-HEAD
Death's"-head`, n.

Defn: A naked human skull as the emblem of death; the head of the
conventional personification of death.
I had rather be married to a death's-head with a bone in his mouth.
Shak.
Death's-head moth (Zoöl.), a very large European moth (Acherontia
atropos), so called from a figure resembling a human skull on the
back of the thorax; -- called also death's-head sphinx.

DEATH'S-HERB
Death's"-herb`, n.

Defn: The deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna). Dr. Prior.

DEATHSMAN
Deaths"man, n.

Defn: An executioner; a headsman or hangman. [Obs.] Shak.

DEATHWARD
Death"ward, adv.

Defn: Toward death.

DEATHWATCH
Death"watch` (; 224), n.

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) A small beetle (Anobium tessellatum and other allied species). By
forcibly striking its head against woodwork it makes a ticking sound,
which is a call of the sexes to each other, but has been imagined by
superstitious people to presage death.
(b) A small wingless insect, of the family Psocidæ, which makes a
similar but fainter sound; -- called also deathtick.
She is always seeing apparitions and hearing deathwatches. Addison.
I did not hear the dog howl, mother, or the deathwatch beat.
Tennyson.

2. The guard set over a criminal before his execution.

DEAURATE
De*au"rate, a. Etym: [L. deauratus, p. p. of deaurare to gild; de- +
aurum gold.]

Defn: Gilded. [Obs.]

DEAURATE
De*au"rate, v. t.

Defn: To gild. [Obs.] Bailey.

DEAURATION
De`au*ra"tion, n.

Defn: Act of gilding. [Obs.]

DEAVE
Deave, v. t. Etym: [See Deafen.]

Defn: To stun or stupefy with noise; to deafen. [Scot.]

DEBACCHATE
De*bac"chate, v. i. Etym: [L. debacchatus, p. p. of debacchari to
rage; de- + bacchari to rage like a bacchant.]

Defn: To rave as a bacchanal. [R.] Cockeram.

DEBACCHATION
De`bac*cha"tion, n. Etym: [L. debacchatio.]

Defn: Wild raving or debauchery. [R.] Prynne.

DEBACLE
De*ba"cle, n. Etym: [F. débâcle, fr. débâcler to unbar, break loose;
pref. dé- (prob. = L. dis) + bâcler to bolt, fr. L. baculum a stick.]
(Geol.)

Defn: A breaking or bursting forth; a violent rush or flood of waters
which breaks down opposing barriers, and hurls forward and disperses
blocks of stone and other débris.

DEBAR
De*bar", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Debarred; p. pr. & vb. n. Debarring.]
Etym: [Pref. de- + bar.]

Defn: To cut off from entrance, as if by a bar or barrier; to
preclude; to hinder from approach, entry, or enjoyment; to shut out
or exclude; to deny or refuse; -- with from, and sometimes with of.
Yet not so strictly hath our Lord imposed Labor, as to debar us when
we need Refreshment. Milton.
Their wages were so low as to debar them, not only from the comforts
but from the common decencies of civilized life. Buckle.

DEBARB
De*barb", v. t. Etym: [Pref. de- + L. barba beard.]

Defn: To deprive of the beard. [Obs.] Bailey.

DEBARK
De"bark", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Debarked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Debarking.] Etym: [F. débarquer; pref. dé- (L. dis-) + barque. See
Bark the vessel, and cf. Disbark.]

Defn: To go ashore from a ship or boat; to disembark; to put ashore.

DEBARKATION
De`bar*ka"tion, n.

Defn: Disembarkation.
The debarkation, therefore, had to take place by small steamers. U.
S. Grant.

DEBARMENT
De*bar"ment, n.

Defn: Hindrance from approach; exclusion.

DEBARRASS
De*bar"rass, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. débarrasser. See Embarrass.]

Defn: To disembarrass; to relieve. [R.]

DEBASE
De*base", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Debased; p. pr. & vb. n. Debasing.]
Etym: [Pref. de- + base. See Base, a., and cf. Abase.]

Defn: To reduce from a higher to a lower state or grade of worth,
dignity, purity, station, etc.; to degrade; to lower; to deteriorate;
to abase; as, to debase the character by crime; to debase the mind by
frivolity; to debase style by vulgar words.
The coin which was adulterated and debased. Hale.
It is a kind of taking God's name in vain to debase religion with
such frivolous disputes. Hooker.
And to debase the sons, exalts the sires. Pope.

Syn.
 -- To abase; degrade. See Abase.

DEBASED
De*based", a. (Her.)

Defn: Turned upside down from its proper position; inverted;
reversed.

DEBASEMENT
De*base"ment, n.

Defn: The act of debasing or the state of being debased. Milton.

DEBASER
De*bas"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, debases.

DEBASINGLY
De*bas"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner to debase.

DEBATABLE
De*bat"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. debatable. See Debate.]

Defn: Liable to be debated; disputable; subject to controversy or
contention; open to question or dispute; as, a debatable question.
The Debatable Land or Ground, a tract of land between the Esk and the
Sark, claimed by both England and Scotland; the Batable Ground.

DEBATE
De*bate", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Debated; p. pr. & vb. n. Debating.]
Etym: [OF. debatre, F. débattre; L. de + batuere to beat. See Batter,
v. t., and cf. Abate.]

1. To engage in combat for; to strive for.
Volunteers . . . thronged to serve under his banner, and the cause of
religion was debated with the same ardor in Spain as on the plains of
Palestine. Prescott.

2. To contend for in words or arguments; to strive to maintain by
reasoning; to dispute; to contest; to discuss; to argue for and
against.
A wise council . . . that did debate this business. Shak.
Debate thy cause with thy neighbor himself. Prov. xxv. 9.

Syn.
 -- To argue; discuss; dispute; controvert. See Argue, and Discuss.

DEBATE
De*bate", v. i.

1. To engage in strife or combat; to fight. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Well could he tourney and in lists debate. Spenser.

2. To contend in words; to dispute; hence, to deliberate; to
consider; to discuss or examine different arguments in the mind; --
often followed by on or upon.
He presents that great soul debating upon the subject of life and
death with his intimate friends. Tatler.

DEBATE
De*bate", n. Etym: [F. débat, fr. débattre. See Debate, v. t.]

1. A fight or fighting; contest; strife. [Archaic]
On the day of the Trinity next ensuing was a great debate . . . and
in that murder there were slain . . . fourscore. R. of Gloucester.
But question fierce and proud reply Gave signal soon of dire debate.
Sir W. Scott.

2. Contention in words or arguments; discussion for the purpose of
elucidating truth or influencing action; strife in argument;
controversy; as, the debates in Parliament or in Congress.
Heard, noted, answer'd, as in full debate. Pope.

3. Subject of discussion. [R.]
Statutes and edicts concerning this debate. Milton.

DEBATEFUL
De*bate"ful, a.

Defn: Full of contention; contentious; quarrelsome. [Obs.] Spenser.

DEBATEFULLY
De*bate"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: With contention. [Obs.]

DEBATEMENT
De*bate"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. debatement a beating.]

Defn: Controversy; deliberation; debate. [R.]
A serious question and debatement with myself. Milton.

DEBATER
De*bat"er, n.

Defn: One who debates; one given to argument; a disputant; a
controvertist.
Debate where leisure serves with dull debaters. Shak.

DEBATING
De*bat"ing, n.

Defn: The act of discussing or arguing; discussion. Debating society
or club, a society or club for the purpose of debate and improvement
in extemporaneous speaking.

DEBATINGLY
De*bat"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a debate.

DEBAUCH
De*bauch", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Debauched; p. pr. & vb. n.
Debauching.] Etym: [F. débaucher, prob. originally, to entice away
from the workshop; pref. dé- (L. dis- or de) + OF. bauche, bauge,
hut, cf. F. bauge lair of a wild boar; prob. from G. or Icel., cf.
Icel. balkr. See Balk, n.]

Defn: To lead away from purity or excellence; to corrupt in character
or principles; to mar; to vitiate; to pollute; to seduce; as, to
debauch one's self by intemperance; to debauch a woman; to debauch an
army.
Learning not debauched by ambition. Burke.
A man must have got his conscience thoroughly debauched and hardened
before he can arrive to the height of sin. South.
Her pride debauched her judgment and her eyes. Cowley.

DEBAUCH
De*bauch", n. Etym: [Cf. F. débauche.]

1. Excess in eating or drinking; intemperance; drunkenness; lewdness;
debauchery.
The first physicians by debauch were made. Dryden.

2. An act or occasion of debauchery.
Silenus, from his night's debauch, Fatigued and sick. Cowley.

DEBAUCHED
De*bauched", a.

Defn: Dissolute; dissipated. "A coarse and debauched look." Ld.
Lytton.

DEBAUCHEDLY
De*bauch"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a profligate manner.

DEBAUCHEDNESS
De*bauch"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being debauched; intemperance. Bp. Hall.

DEBAUCHEE
Deb`au*chee", n. Etym: [F. dé, n., properly p. p. of débaucher. See
Debauch, v. t.]

Defn: One who is given to intemperance or bacchanalian excesses; a
man habitually lewd; a libertine.

DEBAUCHER
De*bauch"er, n.

Defn: One who debauches or corrupts others; especially, a seducer to
lewdness.

DEBAUCHERY
De*bauch"er*y, n.; pl. Debaucheries (.

1. Corruption of fidelity; seduction from virtue, duty, or
allegiance.
The republic of Paris will endeavor to complete the debauchery of the
army. Burke.

2. Excessive indulgence of the appetites; especially, excessive
indulgence of lust; intemperance; sensuality; habitual lewdness.
Oppose . . . debauchery by temperance. Sprat.

DEBAUCHMENT
De*bauch"ment, n.

Defn: The act of corrupting; the act of seducing from virtue or duty.

DEBAUCHNESS
De*bauch"ness, n.

Defn: Debauchedness. [Obs.]

DEBEIGE
De*beige", n. Etym: [F. de of + beige the natural color of wool.]

Defn: A kind of woolen or mixed dress goods. [Written also debage.]

DEBEL
De*bel", v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. débeller. See Debellate.]

Defn: To conquer. [Obs.] Milton.

DEBELLATE
De*bel"late, v. t. Etym: [L. debellatus, p. p. of debellare to
subdue; de- + bellum war.]

Defn: To subdue; to conquer in war. [Obs.] Speed.

DEBELLATION
Deb`el*la"tion, n. Etym: [LL. debellatio.]

Defn: The act of conquering or subduing. [Obs.]

DE BENE ESSE
De be"ne es"se. Etym: [L.] (Law)

Defn: Of well being; of formal sufficiency for the time;
conditionally; provisionally. Abbott.

DEBENTURE
De*ben"ture, n. Etym: [L. debentur they are due, fr. debere to owe;
cf. F. debentur. So called because these receipts began with the
words Debentur mihi.]

1. A writing acknowledging a debt; a writing or certificate signed by
a public officer, as evidence of a debt due to some person; the sum
thus due.

2. A customhouse certificate entitling an exporter of imported goods
to a drawback of duties paid on their importation. Burrill.

Note: It is applied in England to deeds of mortgage given by railway
companies for borrowed money; also to municipal and other bonds and
securities for money loaned.

DEBENTURED
De*ben"tured, a.

Defn: Entitled to drawback or debenture; as, debentured goods.

DEBENTURE STOCK
Debenture stock. (Finance)

Defn: The debt or series of debts, collectively, represented by a
series of debentures; a debt secured by a trust deed of property for
the benefit of the holders of shares in the debt or of a series of
debentures. By the terms of much debenture stock the holders are not
entitled to demand payment until the winding up of the company or
default in payment; in the winding up of the company or default in
payment; in the case of railway debentures, they cannot demand
payment of the principal, and the debtor company cannot redeem the
stock, except by authority of an act of Parliament. [Eng.]

DEBILE
Deb"ile, a. Etym: [L. debilis: cf. F. débile. See Debility.]

Defn: Weak. [Obs.] Shak.

DEBILITANT
De*bil"i*tant, a. Etym: [L. debilitants, p. pr.] (Med.)

Defn: Diminishing the energy of organs; reducing excitement; as, a
debilitant drug.

DEBILITATE
De*bil"i*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Debilitated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Debilitating.] Etym: [L. debilitatus, p. p. of debilitare to
debilitate, fr. debilis. See Debility.]

Defn: To impair the strength of; to weaken; to enfeeble; as, to
debilitate the body by intemperance.
Various ails debilitate the mind. Jenyns.
The debilitated frame of Mr. Bertram was exhausted by this last
effort. Sir W. Scott.

DEBILITATION
De*bil`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. debilitatio: cf. F. débilitation.]

Defn: The act or process of debilitating, or the condition of one who
is debilitated; weakness.

DEBILITY
De*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. debilitas, fr. debilis weak, prob. fr. de-
+ habilis able: cf. F. débilité. See Able, a.]

Defn: The state of being weak; weakness; feebleness; languor.
The inconveniences of too strong a perspiration, which are debility,
faintness, and sometimes sudden death. Arbuthnot.

Syn.
 -- Debility, Infirmity, Imbecility. An infirmity belongs, for the
most part, to particular members, and is often temporary, as of the
eyes, etc. Debility is more general, and while it lasts impairs the
ordinary functions of nature. Imbecility attaches to the whole frame,
and renders it more or less powerless. Debility may be constitutional
or may be the result or superinduced causes; Imbecility is always
constitutional; infirmity is accidental, and results from sickness or
a decay of the frame. These words, in their figurative uses, have the
same distinctions; we speak of infirmity of will, debility of body,
and an Imbecility which affects the whole man; but Imbecility is
often used with specific reference to feebleness of mind.

DEBIT
Deb"it, n. Etym: [L. debitum what is due, debt, from debere to owe:
cf. F. débit. See Debt.]

Defn: A debt; an entry on the debtor (Dr.) side of an account; --
mostly used adjectively; as, the debit side of an account.

DEBIT
Deb"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Debited; p. pr. & vb. n. Debiting.]

1. To charge with debt; -- the opposite of, and correlative to,
credit; as, to debit a purchaser for the goods sold.

2. (Bookkeeping)

Defn: To enter on the debtor (Dr.) side of an account; as, to debit
the amount of goods sold.

DEBITOR
Deb"it*or, n. Etym: [L. See Debtor.]

Defn: A debtor. [Obs.] Shak.

DEBITUMINIZATION
De`bi*tu`mi*ni*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of depriving of bitumen.

DEBITUMINIZE
De`bi*tu"mi*nize, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of bitumen.

DEBLAI
Dé`blai", n. Etym: [F.] (Fort.)

Defn: The cavity from which the earth for parapets, etc. (remblai),
is taken.

DEBONAIR
Deb`o*nair", a. Etym: [OE. debonere, OF. de bon aire, debonaire, of
good descent or lineage, excellent, debonair, F. débonnaire debonair;
de of (L. de) + bon good (L. bonus) + aire. See Air, and Bounty, and
cf. Bonair.]

Defn: Characterized by courteousness, affability, or gentleness; of
good appearance and manners; graceful; complaisant.
Was never prince so meek and debonair. Spenser.

DEBONAIRITY
Deb`o*nair"i*ty, n. Etym: [OF. debonaireté, F. débonnaireté.]

Defn: Debonairness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DEBONAIRLY
Deb`o*nair"ly, adv.

Defn: Courteously; elegantly.

DEBONAIRNESS
Deb`o*nair"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being debonair; good humor; gentleness;
courtesy. Sterne.

DEBOSH
De*bosh", v. t. Etym: [Old form of debauch.]

Defn: To debauch. [Obs.] "A deboshed lady." Beau. & Fl.

DEBOSHMENT
De*bosh"ment, n.

Defn: Debauchment. [Obs.]

DEBOUCH
De*bouch", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Debouched; p. pr. & vb. n.
Debouching.] Etym: [F. déboucher; pref. dé- (L. dis- or de) + boucher
to stop up, fr. bouche mouth, fr. L. bucca the cheek. Cf.
Disembogue.]

Defn: To march out from a wood, defile, or other confined spot, into
open ground; to issue.
Battalions debouching on the plain. Prescott.

DEBOUCHE
Dé`bou`ché", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A place for exit; an outlet; hence, a market for goods.
The débouchés were ordered widened to afford easy egress. The
Century.

DEBOUCHURE
Dé`bou`chure", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The outward opening of a river, of a valley, or of a strait.

DEBRIS
Dé`bris", n. Etym: [F., fr. pref. dé- (L. dis) + briser to break,
shatter; perh. of Celtic origin.]

1. (Geol.)

Defn: Broken and detached fragments, taken collectively; especially,
fragments detached from a rock or mountain, and piled up at the base.

2. Rubbish, especially such as results from the destruction of
anything; remains; ruins.

DEBRUISED
De*bruised", a. Etym: [Cf. OF. debruisier to shatter, break. Cf.
Bruise.] (Her.)

Defn: Surmounted by an ordinary; as, a lion is debruised when a bend
or other ordinary is placed over it, as in the cut.
The lion of England and the lilies of France without the baton
sinister, under which, according to the laws of heraldry, they where
debruised in token of his illegitimate birth. Macaulay.

DEBT
Debt, n. Etym: [OE. dette, F. dette, LL. debita, fr. L. debitus owed,
p. p. of debere to owe, prop., to have on loan; de- + habere to have.
See Habit, and cf. Debit, Due.]

1. That which is due from one person to another, whether money,
goods, or services; that which one person is bound to pay to another,
or to perform for his benefit; thing owed; obligation; liability.
Your son, my lord, has paid a soldier's debt. Shak.
When you run in debt, you give to another power over your liberty.
Franklin.

2. A duty neglected or violated; a fault; a sin; a trespass. "Forgive
us our debts." Matt. vi. 12.

3. (Law)

Defn: An action at law to recover a certain specified sum of money
alleged to be due. Burrill. Bond debt, Book debt, etc. See under
Bond, Book, etc.
 -- Debt of nature, death.

DEBTED
Debt"ed, p. a.

Defn: Indebted; obliged to. [R.]
I stand debted to this gentleman. Shak.

DEBTEE
Debt*ee", n. (Law)

Defn: One to whom a debt is due; creditor; -- correlative to debtor.
Blackstone.

DEBTLESS
Debt"less, a.

Defn: Free from debt. Chaucer.

DEBTOR
Debt"or, n. Etym: [OE. dettur, dettour, OF. detor, detur, detour, F.
débiteur, fr. L. debitor, fr. debere to owe. See Debt.]

Defn: One who owes a debt; one who is indebted; -- correlative to
creditor.
[I 'll] bring your latter hazard back again, And thankfully rest
debtor for the first. Shak.
In Athens an insolvent debtor became slave to his creditor. Mitford.
Debtors for our lives to you. Tennyson.

DEBULLIATE
De*bul"li*ate, v. i. Etym: [Pref. dé- + L. bullire to boil.]

Defn: To boil over. [Obs.]

DEBULLITION
Deb`ul*li"tion, n. Etym: [See Debulliate.]

Defn: A bubbling or boiling over. [Obs.] Bailey.

DEBURSE
De*burse", v. t. & i. Etym: [Pref. de + L. bursa purse.]

Defn: To disburse. [Obs.] Ludlow.

DEBUSCOPE
De"bu*scope, n. Etym: [From the inventor, Debus, a French optician +
-scope.] (Opt.)

Defn: A modification of the kaleidoscope; -- used to reflect images
so as to form beautiful designs.

DEBUT
Dé`but", n. Etym: [F. début, prop., the first cast or throw at play,
fr. but aim, mark. See Butt an end.]

Defn: A beginning or first attempt; hence, a first appearance before
the public, as of an actor or public speaker.

DEBUTANT; DEBUTANTE
De`bu`tant", n.; fem. De`bu`tante" (. Etym: [F., p. pr. of débuter to
have the first throw, to make one's début. See Début.]

Defn: A person who makes his (or her) first appearance before the
public.

DECA-
Dec"a-. Etym: [Cf. Ten.]

Defn: A prefix, from Gr. de`ka, signifying ten; specifically (Metric
System), a prefix signifying the weight or measure that is ten times
the principal unit.

DECACERATA
De*cac`e*ra"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. de`ka ten + ke`ras a
horn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Cephalopoda which includes the squids,
cuttlefishes, and others having ten arms or tentacles; -- called also
Decapoda. [Written also Decacera.] See Dibranchiata.

DECACHORD; DECACHORDON
Dec"a*chord, Dec`a*chor"don, n. Etym: [Gr. deka`chordos tenstringed;
de`ka ten + chordj` a string.]

1. An ancient Greek musical instrument of ten strings, resembling the
harp.

2. Something consisting of ten parts. W. Watson.

DECACUMINATED
Dec`a*cu"mi*na`ted, a. Etym: [L. decacuminare to cut off the top. See
Cacuminate.]

Defn: Having the point or top cut off. [Obs.] Bailey.

DECAD
Dec"ad, n.

Defn: A decade.
Averill was a decad and a half his elder. Tennyson.

DECADAL
Dec"a*dal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to ten; consisting of tens.

DECADE
Dec"ade, n. Etym: [F. décade, L. decas, -adis, fr. Gr. Ten.]

Defn: A group or division of ten; esp., a period of ten years; a
decennium; as, a decade of years or days; a decade of soldiers; the
second decade of Livy. [Written also decad.]
During this notable decade of years. Gladstone.

DECADENCE; DECADENCY
De*ca"dence, De*ca"den*cy, n. Etym: [LL. decadentia; L. de- + cadere
to fall: cf. F. décadence. See Decay.]

Defn: A falling away; decay; deterioration; declension. "The old
castle, where the family lived in their decadence.' Sir W. Scott.

DECADENT
De*ca"dent, a.

Defn: Decaying; deteriorating.

DECADIST
Dec"a*dist, n.

Defn: A writer of a book divided into decades; as, Livy was a
decadist. [R.]

DECAGON
Dec"a*gon, n. Etym: [Pref. deca- + Gr. décagone.] (Geom.)

Defn: A plane figure having ten sides and ten angles; any figure
having ten angles. A regular decagon is one that has all its sides
and angles equal.

DECAGONAL
De*cag"o*nal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a decagon; having ten sides.

DECAGRAM; DECAGRAMME
Dec"a*gram, Dec"a*gramme, n. Etym: [F. décagramme; Gr. gramme. See
Gram.]

Defn: A weight of the metric system; ten grams, equal to about 154.32
grains avoirdupois.

DECAGYNIA
Dec`a*gyn"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan order of plants characterized by having ten styles.

DECAGYNIAN; DECCAGYNOUS
Dec`a*gyn"i*an, Dec*cag"y*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. décagyne.] (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to the Decagynia; having ten styles.

DECAHEDRAL
Dec`a*he"dral, a.

Defn: Having ten sides.

DECAHEDRON
Dec`a*he"dron, n.; pl. E. Decahedrons, L. Decahedra. Etym: [Pref.
deca- + Gr. 'e`dra a seat, a base, fr. 'e`zesthai to sit: cf. F.
décaèdre.] (Geom.)

Defn: A solid figure or body inclosed by ten plane surfaces. [Written
also, less correctly, decaedron.]

DECALCIFICATION
De*cal`ci*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The removal of calcareous matter.

DECALCIFY
De*cal"ci*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decalcified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Decalcifying.]

Defn: To deprive of calcareous matter; thus, to decalcify bones is to
remove the stony part, and leave only the gelatin.

DECALCOMANIA; DECALCOMANIE
De*cal`co*ma"ni*a, De*cal`co*ma"nie, n. Etym: [F. décalcomanie.]

Defn: The art or process of transferring pictures and designs to
china, glass, marble, etc., and permanently fixing them thereto.

DECALITER; DECALITRE
Dec"a*li`ter, Dec"a*li`tre, n. Etym: [F. décalitre; Gr. litre. See
Liter.]

Defn: A measure of capacity in the metric system; a cubic volume of
ten liters, equal to about 610.24 cubic inches, that is, 2.642 wine
gallons.

DECALOG
Dec"a*log, n.

Defn: Decalogue.

DECALOGIST
De*cal"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who explains the decalogue. J. Gregory.

DECALOGUE
Dec"a*logue, n. Etym: [F. décalogue, L. decalogus, fr. Gr. Ten.]

Defn: The Ten Commandments or precepts given by God to Moses on Mount
Sinai, and originally written on two tables of stone.

DECAMERON
De*cam"e*ron, n. Etym: [It. decamerone, fr. Gr. décaméron.]

Defn: A celebrated collection of tales, supposed to be related in ten
days; -- written in the 14th century, by Boccaccio, an Italian.

DECAMETER; DECAMETRE
Dec"a*me`ter, Dec"a*me`tre, n. Etym: [F. décamètre; Gr. mètre. See
Meter.]

Defn: A measure of length in the metric system; ten meters, equal to
about 393.7 inches.

DECAMP
De*camp", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Decamped; p. pr. & vb. n. Decamping.]
Etym: [F. décamper; pref. dé- (L. dis) + camp camp. See Camp.]

1. To break up a camp; to move away from a camping ground, usually by
night or secretly. Macaulay.

2. Hence, to depart suddenly; to run away; -- generally used
disparagingly.
The fathers were ordered to decamp, and the house was once again
converted into a tavern. Goldsmith.

DECAMPMENT
De*camp"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. décampement.]

Defn: Departure from a camp; a marching off.

DECANAL
Dec"a*nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. décanal. See Dean.]

Defn: Pertaining to a dean or deanery.
His rectorial as well as decanal residence. Churton.
Decanal side, the side of the choir on which the dean's tall is
placed.
 -- Decanal stall, the stall allotted to the dean in the choir, on
the right or south side of the chancel. Shipley.

DECANDRIA
De*can"dri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan class of plants characterized by having ten stamens.

DECANDRIAN; DECANDROUS
De*can"dri*an, De*can"drous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. décandre.] (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to the Decandria; having ten stamens.

DECANE
Dec"ane, n. Etym: [See Deca-.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon, C10H22, of the paraffin series, including
several isomeric modifications.

DECANGULAR
Dec*an"gu*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. deca- + angular.]

Defn: Having ten angles.

DECANI
De*ca"ni, a. Etym: [L., lit., of the dean.]

Defn: Used of the side of the choir on which the dean's stall is
placed; decanal; -- correlative to cantoris; as, the decanal, or
decani, side.

DECANT
De*cant", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Decanting.]
Etym: [F. décanter (cf. It. decantare), prop., to pour off from the
edge of a vessel; pref. dé- (L. de) + OF. cant (It. canto) edge,
border, end. See Cant an edge.]

Defn: To pour off gently, as liquor, so as not to disturb the
sediment; or to pour from one vessel into another; as, to decant
wine.

DECANTATE
De*can"tate, v. t.

Defn: To decant. [Obs.]

DECANTATION
De`can*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. décantation.]

Defn: The act of pouring off a clear liquor gently from its lees or
sediment, or from one vessel into another.

DECANTER
De*cant"er, n.

1. A vessel used to decant liquors, or for receiving decanted
liquors; a kind of glass bottle used for holding wine or other
liquors, from which drinking glasses are filled.

2. One who decants liquors.

DECAPHYLLOUS
De*caph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Pref. deca- + Gr. décaphylle.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having ten leaves.

DECAPITATE
De*cap"i*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decapitated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Decapitating.] Etym: [LL. decapitatus, p. p. of decapitare; L. de- +
caput head. See Chief.]

1. To cut off the head of; to behead.

2. To remove summarily from office. [Colloq. U. S.]

DECAPITATION
De*cap`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [LL. decapitatio: cf. F. décapitation.]

Defn: The act of beheading; beheading.

DECAPOD
Dec"a*pod, n. Etym: [Cf. F. décapode.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A crustacean with ten feet or legs, as a crab; one of the
Decapoda. Also used adjectively.

DECAPODA
De*cap"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The order of Crustacea which includes the shrimps, lobsters,
crabs, etc.

Note: They have a carapace, covering and uniting the somites of the
head and thorax and inclosing a gill chamber on each side, and
usually have five (rarely six) pairs of legs. They are divided into
two principal groups: Brachyura and Macrura. Some writers recognize a
third (Anomura) intermediate between the others.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the dibranchiate cephalopods including the
cuttlefishes and squids. See Decacera.

DECAPODAL; DECAPODOUS
Dec*ap"o*dal, Dec*ap"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the decapods; having ten feet; ten-footed.

DECARBONATE
De*car"bon*ate, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of carbonic acid.

DECARBONIZATION
De*car`bon*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The action or process of depriving a substance of carbon.

DECARBONIZE
De*car"bon*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decarbonized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Decarbonizing.]

Defn: To deprive of carbon; as, to decarbonize steel; to decarbonize
the blood. Decarbonized iron. See Malleable iron.
 -- Decarbonized steel, homogenous wrought iron made by a steel
process, as that of Bessemer; ingot iron.

DECARBONIZER
De*car"bon*i`zer, n.

Defn: He who, or that which, decarbonizes a substance.

DECARBURIZATION
De*car`bu*ri*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act, process, or result of decarburizing.

DECARBURIZE
De*car"bu*rize, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of carbon; to remove the carbon from.

DECARD
De*card", v. t.

Defn: To discard. [Obs.]
You have cast those by, decarded them. J. Fletcher.

DECARDINALIZE
De*car"di*nal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To depose from the rank of cardinal.

DECASTERE
Dec"a*stere, n. Etym: [L. décastère; Gr. stère a stere.] (Metric
System)

Defn: A measure of capacity, equal to ten steres, or ten cubic
meters.

DECASTICH
Dec"a*stich, n. Etym: [Pref. deca- + Gr.

Defn: A poem consisting of ten lines.

DECASTYLE
Dec"a*style, a. Etym: [Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: Having ten columns in front; -- said of a portico, temple, etc.
 -- n.

Defn: A portico having ten pillars or columns in front.

DECASYLLABIC
Dec`a*syl*lab"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. deca- + syllabic: cf. F.
décasyllabique, décasyllable.]

Defn: Having, or consisting of, ten syllables.

DECATHLON
De*cath"lon, n. [See Deca-; Pentathlon.]

Defn: In the modern Olympic Games, a composite contest consisting of
a 100-meter run, a broad jump, putting the shot, a running high-jump,
a 400-meter run, throwing the discus, a 100-meter hurdle race, pole
vaulting, throwing the javelin, and a 1500-meter run.

DECATOIC
Dec`a*to"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, decane.

DECAY
De*cay", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Decayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Decaying.]
Etym: [OF. decaeir, dechaer, decheoir, F. déchoir, to decline, fall,
become less; L. de- + cadere to fall. See Chance.]

Defn: To pass gradually from a sound, prosperous, or perfect state,
to one of imperfection, adversity, or dissolution; to waste away; to
decline; to fail; to become weak, corrupt, or disintegrated; to rot;
to perish; as, a tree decays; fortunes decay; hopes decay.
Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth
accumulates and men decay. Goldsmith.

DECAY
De*cay", v. t.

1. To cause to decay; to impair. [R.]
Infirmity, that decays the wise. Shak.

2. To destroy. [Obs.] Shak.

DECAY
De*cay", n.

1. Gradual failure of health, strength, soundness, prosperity, or of
any species of excellence or perfection; tendency toward dissolution
or extinction; corruption; rottenness; decline; deterioration; as,
the decay of the body; the decay of virtue; the decay of the Roman
empire; a castle in decay.
Perhaps my God, though he be far before, May turn, and take me by the
hand, and more -May strengthen my decays. Herbert.
His [Johnson's] failure was not to be ascribed to intellectual decay.
Macaulay.
Which has caused the decay of the consonants to follow somewhat
different laws. James Byrne.

2. Destruction; death. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. Cause of decay. [R.]
He that plots to be the only figure among ciphers, is the decay of
the whole age. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Decline; consumption. See Decline.

DECAYED
De*cayed", a.

Defn: Fallen, as to physical or social condition; affected with
decay; rotten; as, decayed vegetation or vegetables; a decayed
fortune or gentleman.
 -- De*cay"ed*ness, n.

DECAYER
De*cay"er, n.

Defn: A causer of decay. [R.]

DECEASE
De*cease", n. Etym: [OE. deses, deces, F. décès, fr. L. decessus
departure, death, fr. decedere to depart, die; de- + cedere to
withdraw. See Cease, Cede.]

Defn: Departure, especially departure from this life; death.
His decease, which he should accomplish at Jerusalem. Luke ix. 31.
And I, the whilst you mourn for his decease, Will with my mourning
plaints your plaint increase. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- Death; departure; dissolution; demise; release. See Death.

DECEASE
De*cease", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Deceased; p. pr. & vb. n. Deceasing.]

Defn: To depart from this life; to die; to pass away.
She's dead, deceased, she's dead. Shak.
When our summers have deceased. Tennyson.
Inasmuch as he carries the malignity and the lie with him, he so far
deceases from nature. Emerson.

DECEASED
De*ceased", a.

Defn: Passed away; dead; gone. The deceased, the dead person.

DECEDE
De*cede", v. i. Etym: [L. decedere. See Decease, n.]

Defn: To withdraw. [Obs.] Fuller.

DECEDENT
De*ce"dent, a. Etym: [L. decedens, p. pr. of decedere.]

Defn: Removing; departing. Ash.

DECEDENT
De*ce"dent, n.

Defn: A deceased person. Bouvier.

DECEIT
De*ceit", n. Etym: [OF. deceit, des, decept (cf. deceite, de), fr. L.
deceptus deception, fr. decipere. See Deceive.]

1. An attempt or disposition to deceive or lead into error; any
declaration, artifice, or practice, which misleads another, or causes
him to believe what is false; a contrivance to entrap; deception; a
wily device; fraud.
Making the ephah small and the shekel great, and falsifying the
balances by deceit. Amos viii. 5.
Friendly to man, far from deceit or guile. Milton.
Yet still we hug the dear deceit. N. Cotton.

2. (Law)

Defn: Any trick, collusion, contrivance, false representation, or
underhand practice, used to defraud another. When injury is thereby
effected, an action of deceit, as it called, lies for compensation.

Syn.
 -- Deception; fraud; imposition; duplicity; trickery; guile;
falsifying; double-dealing; stratagem. See Deception.

DECEITFUL
De*ceit"ful, a.

Defn: Full of, or characterized by, deceit; serving to mislead or
insnare; trickish; fraudulent; cheating; insincere.
Harboring foul deceitful thoughts. Shak.

DECEITFULLY
De*ceit"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: With intent to deceive.

DECEITFULNESS
De*ceit"ful*ness, n.

1. The disposition to deceive; as, a man's deceitfulness may be
habitual.

2. The quality of being deceitful; as, the deceitfulness of a man's
practices.

3. Tendency to mislead or deceive. "The deceitfulness of riches."
Matt. xiii. 22.

DECEITLESS
De*ceit"less, a.

Defn: Free from deceit. Bp. Hall.

DECEIVABLE
De*ceiv"a*ble, a. Etym: [F. décevable.]

1. Fitted to deceive; deceitful. [Obs.]
The fraud of deceivable traditions. Milton.

2. Subject to deceit; capable of being misled.
Blind, and thereby deceivable. Milton.

DECEIVABLENESS
De*ceiv"a*ble*ness, n.

1. Capability of deceiving.
With all deceivableness of unrighteousness. 2 Thess. ii. 10.

2. Liability to be deceived or misled; as, the deceivableness of a
child.

DECEIVABLY
De*ceiv"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a deceivable manner.

DECEIVE
De*ceive", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deceived; p. pr. & vb. n. Deceiving.]
Etym: [OE. deceveir, F. décevoir, fr. L. decipere to catch, insnare,
deceive; de- + capere to take, catch. See Capable, and cf. Deceit,
Deception.]

1. To lead into error; to cause to believe what is false, or
disbelieve what is true; to impose upon; to mislead; to cheat; to
disappoint; to delude; to insnare.
Evil men and seducers shall wax worse and worse, deceiving, and being
deceived. 2 Tim. iii. 13.
Nimble jugglers that deceive the eye. Shak.
What can 'scape the eye Of God all-seeing, or deceive his heart
Milton.

2. To beguile; to amuse, so as to divert the attention; to while
away; to take away as if by deception.
These occupations oftentimes deceived The listless hour. Wordsworth.

3. To deprive by fraud or stealth; to defraud. [Obs.]
Plant fruit trees in large borders, and set therein fine flowers, but
thin and sparingly, lest they deceive the trees. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Deceive, Delude, Mislead. Deceive is a general word applicable to
any kind of misrepresentation affecting faith or life. To delude,
primarily, is to make sport of, by deceiving, and is accomplished by
playing upon one's imagination or credulity, as by exciting false
hopes, causing him to undertake or expect what is impracticable, and
making his failure ridiculous. It implies some infirmity of judgment
in the victim, and intention to deceive in the deluder. But it is
often used reflexively, indicating that a person's own weakness has
made him the sport of others or of fortune; as, he deluded himself
with a belief that luck would always favor him. To mislead is to
lead, guide, or direct in a wrong way, either willfully or
ignorantly.

DECEIVER
De*ceiv"er, n.

Defn: One who deceives; one who leads into error; a cheat; an
impostor.
The deceived and the deceiver are his. Job xii. 16.

Syn.
 -- Deceiver, Impostor. A deceiver operates by stealth and in private
upon individuals; an impostor practices his arts on the community at
large. The one succeeds by artful falsehoods, the other by bold
assumption. The faithless friend and the fickle lover are deceivers;
the false prophet and the pretended prince are impostors.

DECEMBER
De*cem"ber, n. Etym: [F. décembre, from L. December, fr. decem ten;
this being the tenth month among the early Romans, who began the year
in March. See Ten.]

1. The twelfth and last month of the year, containing thirty-one
days. During this month occurs the winter solstice.

2. Fig.: With reference to the end of the year and to the winter
season; as, the December of his life.

DECEMBRIST
De*cem"brist, n. (Russian Hist.)

Defn: One of those who conspired for constitutional government
against the Emperor Nicholas on his accession to the throne at the
death of Alexander I., in December, 1825; -- called also Dekabrist.

He recalls the history of the decembrists . . . that gallant band of
revolutionists.
G. Kennan.

DECEMDENTATE
De`cem*den"tate, a. Etym: [L. decem ten + E. dentate.]

Defn: Having ten points or teeth.

DECEMFID
De*cem"fid, a. Etym: [L. decem ten + root of findere to cleave.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Cleft into ten parts.

DECEMLOCULAR
De`cem*loc"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. decem ten + E. locular.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having ten cells for seeds.

DECEMPEDAL
De*cem"pe*dal, a. Etym: [L. decem ten + E. pedal.]

1. Ten feet in length.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having ten feet; decapodal. [R.] Bailey.

DECEMVIR
De*cem"vir, n.; pl. E. Decemvirs, L. Decemviri. Etym: [L., fr. decem
ten + vir a man.]

1. One of a body of ten magistrates in ancient Rome.

Note: The title of decemvirs was given to various bodies of Roman
magistrates. The most celebrated decemvirs framed "the laws of the
Twelve Tables," about 450 B. C., and had absolute authority for three
years.

2. A member of any body of ten men in authority.

DECEMVIRAL
De*cem"vi*ral, a. Etym: [L. decemviralis.]

Defn: Pertaining to the decemvirs in Rome.

DECEMVIRATE
De*cem"vi*rate, n. Etym: [L. decemviratus.]

1. The office or term of office of the decemvirs in Rome.

2. A body of ten men in authority.

DECEMVIRSHIP
De*cem"vir*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a decemvir. Holland.

DECENCE
De"cence, n.

Defn: Decency. [Obs.] Dryden.

DECENCY
De"cen*cy, n.; pl. Decencies. Etym: [L. decentia, fr. decens: cf. F.
décence. See Decent.]

1. The quality or state of being decent, suitable, or becoming, in
words or behavior; propriety of form in social intercourse, in
actions, or in discourse; proper formality; becoming ceremony;
seemliness; hence, freedom from obscenity or indecorum; modesty.
Observances of time, place, and of decency in general. Burke.
Immodest words admit of no defense, For want of decency is want of
sense. Roscommon.

2. That which is proper or becoming.
The external decencies of worship. Atterbury.
Those thousand decencies, that daily flow From all her words and
actions. Milton.

DECENE
De"cene, n. Etym: [L. decem ten.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the higher hydrocarbons, C10H20, of the ethylene series.

DECENNARY
De*cen"na*ry, n.; pl. Decennaries. Etym: [L. decennium a period of
ten years; decem ten + annus a year.]

1. A period of ten years.

2. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A tithing consisting of ten neighboring families. Burrill.

DECENNIAL
De*cen"ni*al, a. Etym: [See Decennary.]

Defn: Consisting of ten years; happening every ten years; as, a
decennial period; decennial games. Hallam.

DECENNIAL
De*cen"ni*al, n.

Defn: A tenth year or tenth anniversary.

DECENNIUM
De*cen"ni*um, n.; pl. Decenniums, L. Decennia. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A period of ten years. "The present decennium." Hallam. "The
last decennium of Chaucer's life." A. W. Ward.

DECENNOVAL; DECENNOVARY
De*cen"no*val, De*cen"no*va*ry, a. Etym: [L. decem ten + novem nine.]

Defn: Pertaining to the number nineteen; of nineteen years. [R.]
Holder.

DECENT
De"cent, a. Etym: [L. decens, decentis, p. pr. of decere to be
fitting or becoming; akin to decus glory, honor, ornament, Gr. d to
grant, to give; and perh. akin to E. attire, tire: cf. F. décent. Cf.
Decorate, Decorum, Deig.]

1. Suitable in words, behavior, dress, or ceremony; becoming; fit;
decorous; proper; seemly; as, decent conduct; decent language. Shak.
Before his decent steps. Milton.

2. Free from immodesty or obscenity; modest.

3. Comely; shapely; well-formed. [Archaic]
A sable stole of cyprus lawn Over thy decent shoulders drawn. Milton.
By foreign hands thy decent limbs composed. Pope.

4. Moderate, but competent; sufficient; hence, respectable; fairly
good; reasonably comfortable or satisfying; as, a decent fortune; a
decent person.
A decent retreat in the mutability of human affairs. Burke.
-- De"cent*ly, adv.
 -- De"cent*ness, n.

DECENTRALIZATION
De*cen`tral*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The action of decentralizing, or the state of being
decentralized. "The decentralization of France." J. P. Peters.

DECENTRALIZE
De*cen"tral*ize, v. t.

Defn: To prevent from centralizing; to cause to withdraw from the
center or place of concentration; to divide and distribute (what has
been united or concentrated); -- esp. said of authority, or the
administration of public affairs.

DECEPTIBLE
De*cep"ti*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being deceived; deceivable. Sir T. Browne.
 -- De*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (, n.

DECEPTION
De*cep"tion, n. Etym: [F. déception, L. deceptio, fr. decipere,
deceptum. See Deceive.]

1. The act of deceiving or misleading. South.

2. The state of being deceived or misled.
There is one thing relating either to the action or enjoyments of man
in which he is not liable to deception. South.

3. That which deceives or is intended to deceive; false
representation; artifice; cheat; fraud.
There was of course room for vast deception. Motley.

Syn.
 -- Deception, Deceit, Fraud, Imposition. Deception usually refers to
the act, and deceit to the habit of the mind; hence we speak of a
person as skilled in deception and addicted to deceit. The practice
of deceit springs altogether from design, and that of the worst kind;
but a deception does not always imply aim and intention. It may be
undesigned or accidental. An imposition is an act of deception
practiced upon some one to his annoyance or injury; a fraud implies
the use of stratagem, with a view to some unlawful gain or advantage.

DECEPTIOUS
De*cep"tious, a. Etym: [LL. deceptiosus.]

Defn: Tending deceive; delusive. [R.]
As if those organs had deceptious functions. Shak.

DECEPTIVE
De*cep"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. déceptif. See Deceive.]

Defn: Tending to deceive; having power to mislead, or impress with
false opinions; as, a deceptive countenance or appearance.
Language altogether deceptive, and hiding the deeper reality from our
eyes. Trench.
Deceptive cadence (Mus.), a cadence on the subdominant, or in some
foreign key, postponing the final close.

DECEPTIVELY
De*cep"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner to deceive.

DECEPTIVENESS
De*cep"tive*ness, n.

Defn: The power or habit of deceiving; tendency or aptness to
deceive.

DECEPTIVITY
De`cep*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: Deceptiveness; a deception; a sham. [R.] Carlyle.

DECEPTORY
De*cep"to*ry, a. Etym: [L. deceptorius, from decipere.]

Defn: Deceptive. [R.]

DECERN
De*cern", v. t. Etym: [L. decernere. See Decree.]

1. To perceive, discern, or decide. [Obs.] Granmer.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: To decree; to adjudge.

DECERNITURE
De*cern"i*ture, n. (Scots Law)

Defn: A decree or sentence of a court. Stormonth.

DECERP
De*cerp", v. t. Etym: [L. decerpere; de- + carpere to pluck.]

Defn: To pluck off; to crop; to gather. [Obs.]

DECERPT
De*cerpt", a. Etym: [L. decerptus, p. p. of decerpere.]

Defn: Plucked off or away. [Obs.]

DECERPTIBLE
De*cerp"ti*ble, a.

Defn: That may be plucked off, cropped, or torn away. [Obs.] Bailey.

DECERPTION
De*cerp"tion, n.

1. The act of plucking off; a cropping.

2. That which is plucked off or rent away; a fragment; a piece.
Glanvill.

DECERTATION
De`cer*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. decertatio, fr. decertare, decertatum;
de- + certare to contend.]

Defn: Contest for mastery; contention; strife. [R.] Arnway.

DECESSION
De*ces"sion, n. Etym: [L. decessio, fr. decedere to depart. See
Decease, n.]

Defn: Departure; decrease; -- opposed to accesion. [Obs.] Jer.
Taylor.

DECHARM
De*charm", v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. décharmer. See Charm.]

Defn: To free from a charm; to disenchant.

DECHRISTIANIZE
De*chris"tian*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dechristianized; p. pr. & vb.
n. Dechristianizing.]

Defn: To turn from, or divest of, Christianity.

DECIARE
Dec"i*are`, n. [F. déciare; pref. déci- tenth (fr. L. decimus) + are.
See 2d Are.] (Metric System)

Defn: A measure of area, the tenth part of an are; ten square meters.

DECIDABLE
De*cid"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being decided; determinable.

DECIDE
De*cide", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decided; p. pr. & vb. n. Deciding.]
Etym: [L. decidere; de- + caedere to cut, cut off; prob. akin to E.
shed, v.: cf. F. décider. Cf. Decision.]

1. To cut off; to separate. [Obs.]
Our seat denies us traffic here; The sea, too near, decides us from
the rest. Fuller.

2. To bring to a termination, as a question, controversy, struggle,
by giving the victory to one side or party; to render judgment
concerning; to determine; to settle.
So shall thy judgment be; thyself hast decided it. 1 Kings xx. 40.
The quarrel toucheth none but us alone; Betwixt ourselves let us
decide it then. Shak.

DECIDE
De*cide", v. i.

Defn: To determine; to form a definite opinion; to come to a
conclusion; to give decision; as, the court decided in favor of the
defendant.
Who shall decide, when doctors disagree Pope.

DECIDED
De*cid"ed, a.

1. Free from ambiguity; unequivocal; unmistakable; unquestionable;
clear; evident; as, a decided advantage. "A more decided taste for
science." Prescott.

2. Free from doubt or wavering; determined; of fixed purpose; fully
settled; positive; resolute; as, a decided opinion or purpose.

Syn.
 -- Decided, Decisive. We call a thing decisive when it has the power
or quality of deciding; as, a decisive battle; we speak of it as
decided when it is so fully settled as to leave no room for doubt;
as, a decided preference, a decided aversion. Hence, a decided
victory is one about which there is no question; a decisive victory
is one which ends the contest. Decisive is applied only to things;
as, a decisive sentence, a decisive decree, a decisive judgment.
Decided is applied equally to persons and things. Thus we speak of a
man as decided in his whole of conduct; and as having a decided
disgust, or a decided reluctance, to certain measures. "A politic
caution, a guarded circumspection, were among the ruling principles
of our forefathers in their most decided conduct." Burke. "The
sentences of superior judges are final, decisive, and irrevocable.
Blackstone.

DECIDEDLY
De*cid"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a decided manner; indisputably; clearly; thoroughly.

DECIDEMENT
De*cide"ment, n.

Defn: Means of forming a decision. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

DECIDENCE
Dec"i*dence, n. Etym: [L. decidens falling off.]

Defn: A falling off. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

DECIDER
De*cid"er, n.

Defn: One who decides.

DECIDUA
De*cid"u*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. deciduus. See Deciduous.] (Anat.)

Defn: The inner layer of the wall of the uterus, which envelops the
embryo, forms a part of the placenta, and is discharged with it.

DECIDUATA
De*cid`u*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Mammalia in which a decidua is thrown off with, or
after, the fetus, as in the human species.

DECIDUATE
De*cid"u*ate, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Possessed of, or characterized by, a decidua.

DECIDUITY
Dec`i*du"i*ty, n.

Defn: Deciduousness. [R.]

DECIDUOUS
De*cid"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. deciduus, fr. dec to fall off; de- +
cadere to fall. See Chance.] (Biol.)

Defn: Falling off, or subject to fall or be shed, at a certain
season, or a certain stage or interval of growth, as leaves (except
of evergreens) in autumn, or as parts of animals, such as hair,
teeth, antlers, etc.; also, shedding leaves or parts at certain
seasons, stages, or intervals; as, deciduous trees; the deciduous
membrane.

DECIDUOUSNESS
De*cid"u*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being deciduous.

DECIGRAM; DECIGRAMME
Dec"i*gram, Dec"i*gramme, n. Etym: [F. décigramme; pref. déci- tenth
(fr. L. decimus) + gramme.]

Defn: A weight in the metric system; one tenth of a gram, equal to
1.5432 grains avoirdupois.

DECIL; DECILE
Dec"il, Dec"ile, n. Etym: [F. décil, fr. L. decem tendecile.]
(Astrol.)

Defn: An aspect or position of two planets, when they are distant
from each other a tenth part of the zodiac, or 36º.

DECILITER; DECILITRE
Dec"i*li`ter, Dec"i*li`tre, n. Etym: [F. décilitre; pref. déci- tenth
(L. decimus) + litre. See Liter.]

Defn: A measure of capacity or volume in the metric system; one tenth
of a liter, equal to 6.1022 cubic inches, or 3.38 fluid ounces.

DECILLION
De*cil"lion, n. Etym: [L. decem ten + the ending of million.]

Defn: According to the English notation, a million involved to the
tenth power, or a unit with sixty ciphers annexed; according to the
French and American notation, a thousand involved to the eleventh
power, or a unit with thirty-three ciphers annexed. [See the Note
under Numeration.]

DECILLIONTH
De*cil"lionth, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a decillion, or to the quotient of unity divided
by a decillion.

DECILLIONTH
De*cil"lionth, n.
(a) The quotient of unity divided by a decillion.
(b) One of a decillion equal parts.

DECIMAL
Dec"i*mal, a. Etym: [F. décimal (cf. LL. decimalis), fr. L. decimus
tenth, fr. decem ten. See Ten, and cf. Dime.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to decimals; numbered or proceeding by tens;
having a tenfold increase or decrease, each unit being ten times the
unit next smaller; as, decimal notation; a decimal coinage. Decimal
arithmetic, the common arithmetic, in which numeration proceeds by
tens.
 -- Decimal fraction, a fraction in which the denominator is some
power of 10, as -- Decimal point, a dot or full stop at the left of a
decimal fraction. The figures at the left of the point represent
units or whole numbers, as 1.05.

DECIMAL
Dec"i*mal, n.

Defn: A number expressed in the scale of tens; specifically, and
almost exclusively, used as synonymous with a decimal fraction.
Circulating, or Circulatory, decimal, a decimal fraction in which the
same figure, or set of figures, is constantly repeated; as,
0.354354354; -- called also recurring decimal, repeating decimal, and
repetend.

DECIMALISM
Dec"i*mal*ism, n.

Defn: The system of a decimal currency, decimal weights, measures,
etc.

DECIMALIZE
Dec"i*mal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To reduce to a decimal system; as, to decimalize the currency.
 -- Dec`i*mal*i*za"tion, n.

DECIMALLY
Dec"i*mal*ly, adv.

Defn: By tens; by means of decimals.

DECIMATE
Dec"i*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decimated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Decimating.] Etym: [L. decimatus, p. p. of decimare to decimate (in
senses 1 & 2), fr. decimus tenth. See Decimal.]

1. To take the tenth part of; to tithe. Johnson.

2. To select by lot and punish with death every tenth man of; as, to
decimate a regiment as a punishment for mutiny. Macaulay.

3. To destroy a considerable part of; as, to decimate an army in
battle; to decimate a people by disease.

DECIMATION
Dec`i*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. decimatio: cf. F. décimation.]

1. A tithing. [Obs.] State Trials (1630).

2. A selection of every tenth person by lot, as for punishment. Shak.

3. The destruction of any large proportion, as of people by
pestilence or war. Milman.

DECIMATOR
Dec"i*ma`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. decimator.]

Defn: One who decimates. South.

DECIME
Dé`cime", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A French coin, the tenth part of a franc, equal to about two
cents.

DECIMETER; DECIMETRE
Dec"i*me`ter, Dec"i*me`tre, n. Etym: [F. décimètre; pref. déci- tenth
(fr. L. decimus) + mètre. See Meter.]

Defn: A measure of length in the metric system; one tenth of a meter,
equal to 3.937 inches.

DECIMOSEXTO
Dec`i*mo*sex"to, n. Etym: [Prop., in sixteenth; fr. L. decimus tenth
+ sextus sixth.]

Defn: A book consisting of sheets, each of which is folded into
sixteen leaves; hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a size of
book; -- usually written 16mo or 16º.

DECIMOSEXTO
Dec`i*mo*sex"to, a.

Defn: Having sixteen leaves to a sheet; as, a decimosexto form, book,
leaf, size.

DECINE
De"cine (; 104), n. Etym: [From L. decem ten.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the higher hydrocarbons, C10H15, of the acetylene
series; -- called also decenylene.

DECIPHER
De*ci"pher, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deciphered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Deciphering.] Etym: [Pref. de- + cipher. Formed in imitation of F.
déchiffrer. See Cipher.]

1. To translate from secret characters or ciphers into intelligible
terms; as, to decipher a letter written in secret characters.

2. To find out, so as to be able to make known the meaning of; to
make out or read, as words badly written or partly obliterated; to
detect; to reveal; to unfold.

3. To stamp; to detect; to discover. [R.]
You are both deciphered, . . . For villains. Shak.

DECIPHERABLE
De*ci"pher*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being deciphered; as, old writings not decipherable.

DECIPHERER
De*ci"pher*er, n.

Defn: One who deciphers.

DECIPHERESS
De*ci"pher*ess, n.

Defn: A woman who deciphers.

DECIPHERMENT
De*ci"pher*ment, n.

Defn: The act of deciphering.

DECIPIENCY
De*cip"i*en*cy, n. Etym: [L. decipiens, p. pr. of decipere. See
Deceive.]

Defn: State of being deceived; hallucination. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

DECIPIUM
De*cip"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. decipere to deceive.] (Chem.)

Defn: A supposed rare element, said to be associated with cerium,
yttrium, etc., in the mineral samarskite, and more recently called
samarium. Symbol Dp. See Samarium.

DECISION
De*ci"sion, n. Etym: [L. decisio, fr. decidere, decisum: cf. F.
décision. See Decide.]

1. Cutting off; division; detachment of a part. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

2. The act of deciding; act of settling or terminating, as a
controversy, by giving judgment on the matter at issue;
determination, as of a question or doubt; settlement; conclusion.
The decision of some dispute. Atterbury.

3. An account or report of a conclusion, especially of a legal
adjudication or judicial determination of a question or cause; as, a
decision of arbitrators; a decision of the Supreme Court.

4. The quality of being decided; prompt and fixed determination;
unwavering firmness; as, to manifest great decision.

Syn.
 -- Decision, Determination, Resolution. Each of these words has two
meanings, one implying the act of deciding, determining, or
resolving; and the other a habit of mind as to doing. It is in the
last sense that the words are here compared. Decision is a cutting
short. It implies that several courses of action have been presented
to the mind, and that the choice is now finally made. It supposes,
therefore, a union of promptitude and energy. Determination is the
natural consequence of decision. It is the settling of a thing with a
fixed purpose to adhere. Resolution is the necessary result in a mind
which is characterized by firmness. It is a spirit which scatters
(resolves) all doubt, and is ready to face danger or suffering in
carrying out one's determinations. Martin Luther was equally
distinguished for his prompt decision, his steadfast determination,
and his inflexible resolution.

DECISIVE
De*ci*sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. décisif. See Decision.]

1. Having the power or quality of deciding a question or controversy;
putting an end to contest or controversy; final; conclusive. "A
decisive, irrevocable doom." Bates. "Decisive campaign." Macaulay.
"Decisive proof." Hallam.

2. Marked by promptness and decision.
A noble instance of this attribute of the decisive character. J.
Foster.

Syn.
 -- Decided; positive; conclusive. See Decided.
 -- De*ci"sive*ly, adv.
 -- De*ci"sive*ness, n.

DECISORY
De*ci"so*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. décisoire. See Decision.]

Defn: Able to decide or determine; having a tendency to decide. [R.]

DECISTERE
Dec"i*stere, n. Etym: [F. décistère; pref. déci- tenth (fr. L.
decimus) + stère a stere.] (Metric System)

Defn: The tenth part of the stere or cubic meter, equal to 3.531
cubic feet. See Stere.

DECITIZENIZE
De*cit"i*zen*ize, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of the rights of citizenship. [R.]
We have no law -- as the French have -- to decitizenize a citizen.
Edw. Bates.

DECIVILIZE
De*civ"i*lize, v. t.

Defn: To reduce from civilization to a savage state. [R.] Blackwood's
Mag.

DECK
Deck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decked; p. pr. & vb. n. Decking.] Etym: [D.
dekken to cover; akin to E. thatch. See Thatch.]

1. To cover; to overspread.
To deck with clouds the uncolored sky. Milton.

2. To dress, as the person; to clothe; especially, to clothe with
more than ordinary elegance; to array; to adorn; to embellish.
Deck thyself now with majesty and excellency. Job xl. 10.
And deck my body in gay ornaments. Shak.
The dew with spangles decked the ground. Dryden.

3. To furnish with a deck, as a vessel.

DECK
Deck, n. Etym: [D. dek. See Deck, v.]

1. The floorlike covering of the horizontal sections, or
compartments, of a ship. Small vessels have only one deck; larger
ships have two or three decks.

Note: The following are the more common names of the decks of vessels
having more than one. Berth deck (Navy), a deck next below the gun
deck, where the hammocks of the crew are swung.
 -- Boiler deck (River Steamers), the deck on which the boilers are
placed.
 -- Flush deck, any continuous, unbroken deck from stem to stern.
 -- Gun deck (Navy), a deck below the spar deck, on which the ship's
guns are carried. If there are two gun decks, the upper one is called
the main deck, the lower, the lower gun deck; if there are three, one
is called the middle gun deck.
 -- Half-deck, that portion of the deck next below the spar deck
which is between the mainmast and the cabin.
 -- Hurricane deck (River Steamers, etc.), the upper deck, usually a
light deck, erected above the frame of the hull.
 -- Orlop deck, the deck or part of a deck where the cables are
stowed, usually below the water line.
 -- Poop deck, the deck forming the roof of a poop or poop cabin,
built on the upper deck and extending from the mizzenmast aft.
 -- Quarter-deck, the part of the upper deck abaft the mainmast,
including the poop deck when there is one.
 -- Spar deck. (a) Same as the upper deck. (b) Sometimes a light deck
fitted over the upper deck.
 -- Upper deck, the highest deck of the hull, extending from stem to
stern.

2. (arch.)

Defn: The upper part or top of a mansard roof or curb roof when made
nearly flat.

3. (Railroad)

Defn: The roof of a passenger car.

4. A pack or set of playing cards.
The king was slyly fingered from the deck. Shak.

5. A heap or store. [Obs.]
Who . . . hath such trinkets Ready in the deck. Massinger.
Between decks. See under Between.
 -- Deck bridge (Railroad Engineering), a bridge which carries the
track upon the upper chords; -- distinguished from a through bridge,
which carries the track upon the lower chords, between the girders.
 -- Deck curb (Arch.), a curb supporting a deck in roof construction.
 -- Deck floor (Arch.), a floor which serves also as a roof, as of a
belfry or balcony.
 -- Deck hand, a sailor hired to help on the vessel's deck, but not
expected to go aloft.
 -- Deck molding (Arch.), the molded finish of the edge of a deck,
making the junction with the lower slope of the roof.
 -- Deck roof (Arch.), a nearly flat roof which is not surmounted by
parapet walls.
 -- Deck transom (Shipbuilding), the transom into which the deck is
framed.
 -- To clear the decks (Naut.), to remove every unnecessary
incumbrance in preparation for battle; to prepare for action.
 -- To sweep the deck (Card Playing), to clear off all the stakes on
the table by winning them.

DECKEL
Deck"el, n. (Paper Making)

Defn: Same as Deckle.

DECKER
Deck"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, decks or adorns; a coverer; as, a table
decker.

2. A vessel which has a deck or decks; -- used esp. in composition;
as, a single-decker; a three-decker.

DECKLE
Dec"kle, n. Etym: [Cf. G. deckel cover, lid.] (Paper Making)

Defn: A separate thin wooden frame used to form the border of a hand
mold, or a curb of India rubber or other material which rests on, and
forms the edge of, the mold in a paper machine and determines the
width of the paper. [Spelt also deckel, and deckle.]

DECKLE EDGE
Dec"kle edge`.

Defn: The rough, untrimmed edge of paper left by the deckle; also, a
rough edge in imitation of this.

DECKLE-EDGED
Dec"kle-edged`, a.

Defn: Having a deckle edge; as, deckle-edged paper; a deckle-edged
book.

DECLAIM
De*claim", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Declaimed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Declaiming.] Etym: [L. declamare; de- + clamare to cry out: cf. F.
déclamer. See Claim.]

1. To speak rhetorically; to make a formal speech or oration; to
harangue; specifically, to recite a speech, poem, etc., in public as
a rhetorical exercise; to practice public speaking; as, the students
declaim twice a week.

2. To speak for rhetorical display; to speak pompously, noisily, or
theatrically; to make an empty speech; to rehearse trite arguments in
debate; to rant.
Grenville seized the opportunity to declaim on the repeal of the
stamp act. Bancroft.

DECLAIM
De*claim", v. t.

1. To utter in public; to deliver in a rhetorical or set manner.

2. To defend by declamation; to advocate loudly. [Obs.] "Declaims his
cause." South.

DECLAIMANT
De*claim"ant, n.

Defn: A declaimer. [R.]

DECLAIMER
De*claim"er, n.

Defn: One who declaims; an haranguer.

DECLAMATION
Dec`la*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. declamatio, from declamare: cf. F.
déclamation. See Declaim.]

1. The act or art of declaiming; rhetorical delivery; haranguing;
loud speaking in public; especially, the public recitation of
speeches as an exercise in schools and colleges; as, the practice
declamation by students.
The public listened with little emotion, but with much civility, to
five acts of monotonous declamation. Macaulay.

2. A set or harangue; declamatory discourse.

3. Pretentious rhetorical display, with more sound than sense; as,
mere declamation.

DECLAMATOR
Dec"la*ma`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A declaimer. [R.] Sir T. Elyot.

DECLAMATORY
De*clam"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. declamatorius: cf. F. déclamatoire.]

1. Pertaining to declamation; treated in the manner of a rhetorician;
as, a declamatory theme.

2. Characterized by rhetorical display; pretentiously rhetorical;
without solid sense or argument; bombastic; noisy; as, a declamatory
way or style.

DECLARABLE
De*clar"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being declared. Sir T. Browne.

DECLARANT
De*clar"ant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. déclarant, p. pr. of déclarer.] (Law)

Defn: One who declares. Abbott.

DECLARATION
Dec`la*ra"tion, n. Etym: [F. déclaration, fr. L. declaratio, fr.
declarare. See Declare.]

1. The act of declaring, or publicly announcing; explicit asserting;
undisguised token of a ground or side taken on any subject;
proclamation; exposition; as, the declaration of an opinion; a
declaration of war, etc.

2. That which is declared or proclaimed; announcement; distinct
statement; formal expression; avowal.
Declarations of mercy and love . . . in the Gospel. Tillotson.

3. The document or instrument containing such statement or
proclamation; as, the Declaration of Independence (now preserved in
Washington).
In 1776 the Americans laid before Europe that noble Declaration,
which ought to be hung up in the nursery of every king, and blazoned
on the porch of every royal palace. Buckle.

4. (Law)

Defn: That part of the process in which the plaintiff sets forth in
order and at large his cause of complaint; the narration of the
plaintiff's case containing the count, or counts. See Count, n., 3.
Declaration of Independence. (Amer. Hist.) See under Independence.
 -- Declaration of rights. (Eng. Hist) See Bill of rights, under
Bill.
 -- Declaration of trust (Law), a paper subscribed by a grantee of
property, acknowledging that he holds it in trust for the purposes
and upon the terms set forth. Abbott.

DECLARATIVE
De*clar"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. declarativus, fr. declarare: cf. F.
déclaratif.]

Defn: Making declaration, proclamation, or publication; explanatory;
assertive; declaratory. "Declarative laws." Baker.
The "vox populi," so declarative on the same side. Swift.

DECLARATIVELY
De*clar"a*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By distinct assertion; not impliedly; in the form of a
declaration.
The priest shall expiate it, that is, declaratively. Bates.

DECLARATOR
Dec"la*ra`tor, n. Etym: [L., an announcer.] (Scots Law)

Defn: A form of action by which some right or interest is sought to
be judicially declared.

DECLARATORILY
De*clar"a*to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a declaratory manner.

DECLARATORY
De*clar"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. déclaratoire.]

Defn: Making declaration, explanation, or exhibition; making clear or
manifest; affirmative; expressive; as, a clause declaratory of the
will of the legislature. Declaratory act (Law), an act or statute
which sets forth more clearly, and declares what is, the existing
law.

DECLARE
De*clare", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Declared; p. pr. & vb. n. Declaring.]
Etym: [F. déclarer, from L. declarare; de + clarare to make clear,
clarus, clear, bright. See Clear.]

1. To make clear; to free from obscurity. [Obs.] "To declare this a
little." Boyle.

2. To make known by language; to communicate or manifest explicitly
and plainly in any way; to exhibit; to publish; to proclaim; to
announce.
This day I have begot whom I declare My only Son. Milton.
The heavens declare the glory of God. Ps. xix. 1.

3. To make declaration of; to assert; to affirm; to set forth; to
avow; as, he declares the story to be false.
I the Lord . . . declare things that are right. Isa. xlv. 19.

4. (Com.)

Defn: To make full statement of, as goods, etc., for the purpose of
paying taxes, duties, etc. To declare off, to recede from an
agreement, undertaking, contract, etc.; to renounce.
 -- To declare one's self, to avow one's opinion; to show openly what
one thinks, or which side he espouses.

DECLARE
De*clare", v. i.

1. To make a declaration, or an open and explicit avowal; to proclaim
one's self; -- often with for or against; as, victory declares
against the allies.
Like fawning courtiers, for success they wait, And then come smiling,
and declare for fate. Dryden.

2. (Law)

Defn: To state the plaintiff's cause of action at law in a legal
form; as, the plaintiff declares in trespass.

DECLAREDLY
De*clar"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Avowedly; explicitly.

DECLAREDNESS
De*clar"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being declared.

DECLAREMENT
De*clare"ment, n.

Defn: Declaration. [Obs.]

DECLARER
De*clar"er, n.

Defn: One who makes known or proclaims; that which exhibits. Udall.

DECLASS
De*class", v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Declassed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Declassing.] [Cf. F. déclasser.]

Defn: To remove from a class; to separate or degrade from one's
class.  North Am. Rev.

DECLENSION
De*clen"sion, n. Etym: [Apparently corrupted fr. F. déclinaison, fr.
L. declinatio, fr. declinare. See Decline, and cf. Declination.]

1. The act or the state of declining; declination; descent; slope.
The declension of the land from that place to the sea. T. Burnet.

2. A falling off towards a worse state; a downward tendency;
deterioration; decay; as, the declension of virtue, of science, of a
state, etc.
Seduced the pitch and height of all his thoughts To base declension.
Shak.

3. Act of courteously refusing; act of declining; a declinature;
refusal; as, the declension of a nomination.

4. (Gram.)
(a) Inflection of nouns, adjectives, etc., according to the
grammatical cases.
(b) The form of the inflection of a word declined by cases; as, the
first or the second declension of nouns, adjectives, etc.
(c) Rehearsing a word as declined.

Note: The nominative was held to be the primary and original form,
and was likened to a perpendicular line; the variations, or oblique
cases, were regarded as fallings (hence called casus, cases, or
fallings) from the nominative or perpendicular; and an enumerating of
the various forms, being a sort of progressive descent from the
noun's upright form, was called a declension. Harris. Declension of
the needle, declination of the needle.

DECLENSIONAL
De*clen"sion*al, a.

Defn: Belonging to declension.
Declensional and syntactical forms. M. Arnold.

DECLINABLE
De*clin"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. déclinable. See Decline.]

Defn: Capable of being declined; admitting of declension or
inflection; as, declinable parts of speech.

DECLINAL
De*clin"al, a.

Defn: Declining; sloping.

DECLINATE
Dec"li*nate, a. Etym: [L. declinatus, p. p. of declinare. See
Decline.]

Defn: Bent downward or aside; (Bot.) bending downward in a curve;
declined.

DECLINATION
Dec`li*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. declinatio a bending aside, an avoiding:
cf. F. déclination a decadence. See Declension.]

1. The act or state of bending downward; inclination; as, declination
of the head.

2. The act or state of falling off or declining from excellence or
perfection; deterioration; decay; decline. "The declination of
monarchy." Bacon.
Summer . . . is not looked on as a time Of declination or decay.
Waller.

3. The act of deviating or turning aside; oblique motion; obliquity;
withdrawal.
The declination of atoms in their descent. Bentley.
Every declination and violation of the rules. South.

4. The act or state of declining or refusing; withdrawal; refusal;
averseness.
The queen's declination from marriage. Stow.

5. (Astron.)

Defn: The angular distance of any object from the celestial equator,
either northward or southward.

6. (Dialing)

Defn: The arc of the horizon, contained between the vertical plane
and the prime vertical circle, if reckoned from the east or west, or
between the meridian and the plane, reckoned from the north or south.

7. (Gram.)

Defn: The act of inflecting a word; declension. See Decline, v. t.,
4. Angle of declination, the angle made by a descending line, or
plane, with a horizontal plane.
 -- Circle of declination, a circle parallel to the celestial
equator.
 -- Declination compass (Physics), a compass arranged for finding the
declination of the magnetic needle.
 -- Declination of the compass or needle, the horizontal angle which
the magnetic needle makes with the true north-and-south line.

DECLINATOR
Dec"li*na`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. déclinateur. See Decline.]

1. An instrument for taking the declination or angle which a plane
makes with the horizontal plane.

2. A dissentient. [R.] Bp. Hacket.

DECLINATORY
De*clin"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [LL. declinatorius, fr. L. declinare: cf.
F. déclinatoire.]

Defn: Containing or involving a declination or refusal, as of
submission to a charge or sentence. Blackstone. Declinatory plea (O.
Eng. Law), the plea of sanctuary or of benefit of clergy, before
trial or conviction; -- now abolished.

DECLINATURE
De*clin"a*ture, n.

Defn: The act of declining or refusing; as, the declinature of an
office.

DECLINE
De*cline", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Declined; p. pr. & vb. n. Declining.]
Etym: [OE. declinen to bend down, lower, sink, decline (a noun), F.
décliner to decline, refuse, fr. L. declinare to turn aside, inflect
(a part of speech), avoid; de- + clinare to incline; akin to E. lean.
See Lean, v. i.]

1. To bend, or lean downward; to take a downward direction; to bend
over or hang down, as from weakness, weariness, despondency, etc.; to
condescend. "With declining head." Shak.
He . . . would decline even to the lowest of his family. Lady
Hutchinson.
Disdaining to decline, Slowly he falls, amidst triumphant cries.
Byron.
The ground at length became broken and declined rapidly. Sir W.
Scott.

2. To tend or draw towards a close, decay, or extinction; to tend to
a less perfect state; to become diminished or impaired; to fail; to
sink; to diminish; to lessen; as, the day declines; virtue declines;
religion declines; business declines.
That empire must decline Whose chief support and sinews are of coin.
Waller.
And presume to know . . . Who thrives, and who declines. Shak.

3. To turn or bend aside; to deviate; to stray; to withdraw; as, a
line that declines from straightness; conduct that declines from
sound morals.
Yet do I not decline from thy testimonies. Ps. cxix. 157.

4. To turn away; to shun; to refuse; -- the opposite of accept or
consent; as, he declined, upon principle.

DECLINE
De*cline", v. t.

1. To bend downward; to bring down; to depress; to cause to bend, or
fall.
In melancholy deep, with head declined. Thomson.
And now fair Phoebus gan decline in haste His weary wagon to the
western vale. Spenser.

2. To cause to decrease or diminish. [Obs.] "You have declined his
means." Beau. & Fl.
He knoweth his error, but will not seek to decline it. Burton.

3. To put or turn aside; to turn off or away from; to refuse to
undertake or comply with; reject; to shun; to avoid; as, to decline
an offer; to decline a contest; he declined any participation with
them.
Could I Decline this dreadful hour Massinger.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: To inflect, or rehearse in order the changes of grammatical
form of; as, to decline a noun or an adjective.

Note: Now restricted to such words as have case inflections; but
formerly it was applied both to declension and conjugation.
After the first declining of a noun and a verb. Ascham.

5. To run through from first to last; to repeat like a schoolboy
declining a noun. [R.] Shak.

DECLINE
De*cline", n. Etym: [F. déclin. See Decline, v. i.]

1. A falling off; a tendency to a worse state; diminution or decay;
deterioration; also, the period when a thing is tending toward
extinction or a less perfect state; as, the decline of life; the
decline of strength; the decline of virtue and religion.
Their fathers lived in the decline of literature. Swift.

2. (Med.)

Defn: That period of a disorder or paroxysm when the symptoms begin
to abate in violence; as, the decline of a fever.

3. A gradual sinking and wasting away of the physical faculties; any
wasting disease, esp. pulmonary consumption; as, to die of a decline.
Dunglison.

Syn.
 -- Decline, Decay, Consumption. Decline marks the first stage in a
downward progress; decay indicates the second stage, and denotes a
tendency to ultimate destruction; consumption marks a steady decay
from an internal exhaustion of strength. The health may experience a
decline from various causes at any period of life; it is naturally
subject to decay with the advance of old age; consumption may take
place at almost any period of life, from disease which wears out the
constitution. In popular language decline is often used as synonymous
with consumption. By a gradual decline, states and communities lose
their strength and vigor; by progressive decay, they are stripped of
their honor, stability, and greatness; by a consumption of their
resources and vital energy, they are led rapidly on to a completion
of their existence.

DECLINED
De*clined", a.

Defn: Declinate.

DECLINER
De*clin"er, n.

Defn: He who declines or rejects.
A studious decliner of honors. Evelyn.

DECLINOMETER
Dec`li*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Decline + -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the declination of the magnetic
needle.

DECLINOUS
De*clin"ous, a.

Defn: Declinate.

DECLIVITOUS; DECLIVOUS
De*cliv"i*tous, De*cli"vous, a.

Defn: Descending gradually; moderately steep; sloping; downhill.

DECLIVITY
De*cliv"i*ty, n.; pl. Declivities. Etym: [L. declivitas, fr. declivis
sloping, downhill; de + clivus a slope, a hill; akin to clinare to
incline: cf. F. déclivité. See Decline.]

1. Deviation from a horizontal line; gradual descent of surface;
inclination downward; slope; -- opposed to acclivity, or ascent; the
same slope, considered as descending, being a declivity, which,
considered as ascending, is an acclivity.

2. A descending surface; a sloping place.
Commodious declivities and channels for the passage of the waters.
Derham.

DECOCT
De*coct", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decocted; p. pr. & vb. n. Decocting.]
Etym: [L. decoctus, p. p. of decoquere to boil down; de- + coquere to
cook, boil. See Cook to decoct.]

1. To prepare by boiling; to digest in hot or boiling water; to
extract the strength or flavor of by boiling; to make an infusion of.

2. To prepare by the heat of the stomach for assimilation; to digest;
to concoct.

3. To warm, strengthen, or invigorate, as if by boiling. [R.] "Decoct
their cold blood." Shak.

DECOCTIBLE
De*coct"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being boiled or digested.

DECOCTION
De*coc"tion, n. Etym: [F. décoction, L. decoctio.]

1. The act or process of boiling anything in a watery fluid to
extract its virtues.
In decoction . . . it either purgeth at the top or settleth at the
bottom. Bacon.

2. An extract got from a body by boiling it in water.
If the plant be boiled in water, the strained liquor is called the
decoction of the plant. Arbuthnot.
In pharmacy decoction is opposed to infusion, where there is merely
steeping. Latham.

DECOCTURE
De*coc"ture, n.

Defn: A decoction. [R.]

DECOHERER
De`co*her"er, n. [Pref. de- + coherer.] (Elec.)

Defn: A device for restoring a coherer to its normal condition after
it has been affected by an electric wave, a process usually
accomplished by some method of tapping or shaking, or by rotation of
the coherer.

DECOLLATE
De*col"late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decollated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Decollating.] Etym: [L. decollatus, p. p. of decollare to behead; de-
+ collum neck.]

Defn: To sever from the neck; to behead; to decapitate.
The decollated head of St. John the Baptist. Burke.

DECOLLATED
De*col"la*ted, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Decapitated; worn or cast off in the process of growth, as the
apex of certain univalve shells.

DECOLLATION
De`col*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. decollatio: cf. F. décollation.]

1. The act of beheading or state of one beheaded; -- especially used
of the execution of St. John the Baptist.

2. A painting representing the beheading of a saint or martyr, esp.
of St. John the Baptist.

DECOLLETAGE
Dé`col`le*tage" (da`ko`l'*tazh), n. [F. See Décolleté.] (Costume)

Defn: The upper border or part of a décolleté corsage.

DECOLLETE
Dé`col`le*té", a. Etym: [F., p. p. of décolleter to bare the neck and
shoulders; dé- + collet collar, fr. L. collum neck.]

Defn: Leaving the neck and shoulders uncovered; cut low in the neck,
or low-necked, as a dress.

DECOLLING
De*col"ling, n.

Defn: Beheading. [R.]
By a speedy dethroning and decolling of the king. Parliamentary
History (1648).

DECOLOR
De*col"or, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. décolorer, L. decolorare. Cf.
Discolor.]

Defn: To deprive of color; to bleach.

DECOLORANT
De*col"or*ant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. décolorant, p. pr.]

Defn: A substance which removes color, or bleaches.

DECOLORATE
De*col"or*ate, a. Etym: [L. decoloratus, p. p. of decolorare.]

Defn: Deprived of color.

DECOLORATE
De*col"or*ate, v. t.

Defn: To decolor.

DECOLORATION
De*col`or*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. decoloratio: cf. F. décoloration.]

Defn: The removal or absence of color. Ferrand.

DECOLORIZE
De*col"or*ize, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of color; to whiten. Turner.
 -- De*col`or*i*za"tion, n.

DECOMPLEX
De"com*plex`, a. Etym: [Pref. de- (intens.) + complex.]

Defn: Repeatedly compound; made up of complex constituents.

DECOMPOSABLE
De`com*pos"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being resolved into constituent elements.

DECOMPOSE
De`com*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decomposed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Decomposing.] Etym: [Cf. F. décomposer. Cf. Discompose.]

Defn: To separate the constituent parts of; to resolve into original
elements; to set free from previously existing forms of chemical
combination; to bring to dissolution; to rot or decay.

DECOMPOSE
De`com*pose", v. i.

Defn: To become resolved or returned from existing combinations; to
undergo dissolution; to decay; to rot.

DECOMPOSED
De`com*posed", a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Separated or broken up; -- said of the crest of birds when the
feathers are divergent.

DECOMPOSITE
De`com*pos"ite, a. Etym: [Pref. de- (intens.) + composite.]

1. Compounded more than once; compounded with things already
composite.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: See Decompound, a., 2.

DECOMPOSITE
De`com*pos"ite, n.

Defn: Anything decompounded.
Decomposites of three metals or more. Bacon.

DECOMPOSITION
De*com`po*si"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. de- (in sense 3 intensive) +
composition: cf. F. décomposition. Cf. Decomposition.]

1. The act or process of resolving the constituent parts of a
compound body or substance into its elementary parts; separation into
constituent part; analysis; the decay or dissolution consequent on
the removal or alteration of some of the ingredients of a compound;
disintegration; as, the decomposition of wood, rocks, etc.

2. The state of being reduced into original elements.

3. Repeated composition; a combination of compounds. [Obs.]
Decomposition of forces. Same as Resolution of forces, under
Resolution.
 -- Decomposition of light, the division of light into the prismatic
colors.

DECOMPOUND
De`com*pound", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decompounded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Decompounding.] Etym: [Pref. de- (intens. in sense 1) + compound, v.
t.]

1. To compound or mix with that is already compound; to compound a
second time.

2. To reduce to constituent parts; to decompose.
It divides and decompounds objects into . . . parts. Hazlitt.

DECOMPOUND
De`com*pound", a. Etym: [Pref. de- (intens.) + compound, a.]

1. Compound of what is already compounded; compounded a second time.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Several times compounded or divided, as a leaf or stem;
decomposite.

DECOMPOUND
De`com*pound", n.

Defn: A decomposite.

DECOMPOUNDABLE
De`com*pound"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being decompounded.

DECONCENTRATE
De`con*cen"trate, v. t.

Defn: To withdraw from concentration; to decentralize. [R.]

DECONCENTRATION
De*con`cen*tra"tion, n.

Defn: Act of deconcentrating. [R.]

DECONCOCT
De`con*coct", v. t.

Defn: To decompose. [R.] Fuller.

DECONSECRATE
De*con"se*crate, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of sacredness; to secularize.
 -- De*con`se*cra"tion, n.

DECORAMENT
Dec"o*ra*ment, n. Etym: [L. decoramentum. See Decorate, v. t.]

Defn: Ornament. [Obs.] Bailey.

DECORATE
Dec"o*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decorated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Decorating.] Etym: [L. decoratus, p. p. of decorare, fr. decus
ornament; akin to decere to be becoming. See Decent.]

Defn: To deck with that which is becoming, ornamental, or honorary;
to adorn; to beautify; to embellish; as, to decorate the person; to
decorate an edifice; to decorate a lawn with flowers; to decorate the
mind with moral beauties; to decorate a hero with honors.
Her fat neck was ornamented with jewels, rich bracelets decorated her
arms. Thackeray.

Syn.
 -- To adorn; embellish; ornament; beautify; grace. See Adorn.
Decorated style (Arch.), a name given by some writers to the
perfected English Gothic architecture; it may be considered as having
flourished from about a. d. 1300 to a. d. 1375.

DECORATION
Dec`o*ra"tion, n. Etym: [LL. decoratio: cf. F. décoration.]

1. The act of adorning, embellishing, or honoring; ornamentation.

2. That which adorns, enriches, or beautifies; something added by way
of embellishment; ornament.
The hall was celebrated for . . . the richness of its decoration.
Motley.

3. Specifically, any mark of honor to be worn upon the person, as a
medal, cross, or ribbon of an order of knighthood, bestowed for
services in war, great achievements in literature, art, etc.
Decoration Day, a day, May 30, appointed for decorating with flowers
the graves of the Union soldiers and sailors, who fell in the Civil
War in the United States; Memorial Day. [U.S.]

DECORATION DAY
Decoration Day.

Defn: = Memorial Day. [U. S.]

DECORATIVE
Dec"o*ra*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. décoratif.]

Defn: Suited to decorate or embellish; adorning.
 -- Dec"o*ra*tive*ness, n. Decorative art, fine art which has for its
end ornamentation, rather than the representation of objects or
events.

DECORATOR
Dec"o*ra`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. décorateur.]

Defn: One who decorates, adorns, or embellishes; specifically, an
artisan whose business is the decoration of houses, esp. their
interior decoration.

DECORE
De*core", v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. décorer. See Decorate.]

Defn: To decorate; to beautify. [Obs.]
To decore and beautify the house of God. E. Hall.

DECOREMENT
De*core"ment, n.

Defn: Ornament. [Obs.]

DECOROUS
De*co"rous, a. Etym: [L. dec, fr. decor comeliness, beauty; akin to
decere. See Decent, and cf. Decorum.]

Defn: Suitable to a character, or to the time, place, and occasion;
marked with decorum; becoming; proper; seemly; befitting; as, a
decorous speech; decorous behavior; a decorous dress for a judge.
A decorous pretext the war. Motley.
-- De*co"rous*ly, adv.
 -- De*co"rous*ness, n.

DECORTICATE
De*cor"ti*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decorticated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Decorticating.] Etym: [L. decorticatus, p. p. of decorticare to bark;
de- + cortex bark.]

Defn: To divest of the bark, husk, or exterior coating; to husk; to
peel; to hull. "Great barley dried and decorticated." Arbuthnot.

DECORTICATION
De*cor`ti*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. decorticatio: cf. F. décortication.]

Defn: The act of stripping off the bark, rind, hull, or outer coat.

DECORTICATOR
De*cor"ti*ca`tor, n.

Defn: A machine for decorticating wood, hulling grain, etc.; also, an
instrument for removing surplus bark or moss from fruit trees.

DECORUM
De*cor"um, n. Etym: [L. dec, fr. dec. See Decorous.]

Defn: Propriety of manner or conduct; grace arising from suitableness
of speech and behavior to one's own character, or to the place and
occasion; decency of conduct; seemliness; that which is seemly or
suitable.
Negligent of the duties and decorums of his station. Hallam.
If your master Would have a queen his beggar, you must tell him, That
majesty, to keep decorum, must No less beg than a kingdom. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Decorum, Dignity. Decorum, in accordance with its etymology, is
that which is becoming in outward act or appearance; as, the decorum
of a public assembly. Dignity springs from an inward elevation of
soul producing a corresponding effect on the manners; as, dignity of
personal appearance.

DECOY
De*coy", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decoyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Decoying.]
Etym: [Pref. de- + coy; orig., to quiet, soothe, caress, entice. See
Coy.]

Defn: To lead into danger by artifice; to lure into a net or snare;
to entrap; to insnare; to allure; to entice; as, to decoy troops into
an ambush; to decoy ducks into a net.
Did to a lonely cot his steps decoy. Thomson.
E'en while fashion's brightest arts decoy, The heart, distrusting,
asks if this be joy. Goldsmith.

Syn.
 -- To entice; tempt; allure; lure. See Allure.

DECOY
De*coy", n.

1. Anything intended to lead into a snare; a lure that deceives and
misleads into danger, or into the power of an enemy; a bait.

2. A fowl, or the likeness of one, used by sportsmen to entice other
fowl into a net or within shot.

3. A place into which wild fowl, esp. ducks, are enticed in order to
take or shoot them.

4. A person employed by officers of justice, or parties exposed to
injury, to induce a suspected person to commit an offense under
circumstances that will lead to his detection.

DECOY-DUCK
De*coy"-duck`, n.

Defn: A duck used to lure wild ducks into a decoy; hence, a person
employed to lure others into danger. Beau. & Fl.

DECOYER
De*coy"er, n.

Defn: One who decoys another.

DECOY-MAN
De*coy"-man`, n.; pl. Decoy-men (.

Defn: A man employed in decoying wild fowl.

DECREASE
De*crease", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Decreased; p. pr. & vb. n.
Decreasing.] Etym: [OE. decrecen, fr. OF. decreistre, F. décroître,
or from the OF. noun (see Decrease, n.), fr. L. decrescere to grow
less; de + crescere to grow. See Crescent, and cf. Increase.]

Defn: To grow less, -- opposed to increase; to be diminished
gradually, in size, degree, number, duration, etc., or in strength,
quality, or excellence; as, they days decrease in length from June to
December.
He must increase, but I must decrease. John iii. 30.

Syn.
 -- To Decrease, Diminish. Things usually decrease or fall off by
degrees, and from within, or through some cause which is
imperceptible; as, the flood decreases; the cold decreases; their
affection has decreased. Things commonly diminish by an influence
from without, or one which is apparent; as, the army was diminished
by disease; his property is diminishing through extravagance; their
affection has diminished since their separation their separation. The
turn of thought, however, is often such that these words may be
interchanged.
The olive leaf, which certainly them told The flood decreased.
Drayton.
Crete's ample fields diminish to our eye; Before the Boreal blasts
the vessels fly. Pope.

DECREASE
De*crease", v. t.

Defn: To cause to grow less; to diminish gradually; as, extravagance
decreases one's means.
That might decrease their present store. Prior.

DECREASE
De*crease", n. Etym: [OE. decrees, OF. decreis, fr. decreistre. See
Decrease, v.]

1. A becoming less; gradual diminution; decay; as, a decrease of
revenue or of strength.

2. The wane of the moon. Bacon.

DECREASELESS
De*crease"less, a.

Defn: Suffering no decrease. [R.]
It [the river] flows and flows, and yet will flow, Volume
decreaseless to the final hour. A. Seward.

DECREASING
De*creas"ing, a.

Defn: Becoming less and less; diminishing.
 -- De*creas"ing*ly, adv. Decreasing series (Math.), a series in
which each term is numerically smaller than the preceding term.

DECREATION
De`cre*a"tion, n.

Defn: Destruction; -- opposed to creation. [R.] Cudworth.

DECREE
De*cree", n. Etym: [OE. decre, F. décret, fr. L. decretum, neut.
decretus, p. p. of decernere to decide; de- + cernere to decide. See
Certain, and cf. Decreet, Decretal.]

1. An order from one having authority, deciding what is to be done by
a subordinate; also, a determination by one having power, deciding
what is to be done or to take place; edict, law; authoritative ru
"The decrees of Venice." Sh
There went out a decree from Cæsar Augustus that all the world should
be taxed. Luke ii. 1.
Poor hand, why quiverest thou at this decree Shak.

2. (Law)
(a) A decision, order, or sentence, given in a cause by a court of
equity or admiralty.
(b) A determination or judgment of an umpire on a case submitted to
him. Brande.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: An edict or law made by a council for regulating any business
within their jurisdiction; as, the decrees of ecclesiastical
councils.

Syn.
 -- Law; regulation; edict; ordinance. See Law.

DECREE
De*cree", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decreed; p. pr. & vb. n. Decreeing.]

1. To determine judicially by authority, or by decree; to constitute
by edict; to appoint by decree or law; to determine; to order; to
ordain; as, a court decrees a restoration of property.
Thou shalt also decree a thing, and it shall be established unto
thee. Job xxii. 28.

2. To ordain by fate.

DECREE
De*cree", v. i.

Defn: To make decrees; -- used absolutely.
Father eternal! thine is to decree; Mine, both in heaven and earth to
do thy will. Milton.

DECREEABLE
De*cree"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being decreed.

DECREER
De*cre"er, n.

Defn: One who decrees. J. Goodwin.

DECREET
De*creet", n. Etym: [Cf. Decree.] (Scots Law)

Defn: The final judgment of the Court of Session, or of an inferior
court, by which the question at issue is decided.

DECREMENT
Dec"re*ment, n. Etym: [L. decrementum, fr. decrescere. See Decrease.]

1. The state of becoming gradually less; decrease; diminution; waste;
loss.
Twit me with the decrements of my pendants. Ford.
Rocks, mountains, and the other elevations of the earth suffer a
continual decrement. Woodward.

2. The quantity lost by gradual diminution or waste; -- opposed to
Ant: increment.

3. (Crystallog.)

Defn: A name given by Haüy to the successive diminution of the layers
of molecules, applied to the faces of the primitive form, by which he
supposed the secondary forms to be produced.

4. (Math.)

Defn: The quantity by which a variable is diminished. Equal decrement
of life. (a) The decrease of life in a group of persons in which the
assumed law of mortality is such that of a given large number of
persons, all being now of the same age, an equal number shall die
each consecutive year. (b) The decrease of life in a group of persons
in which the assumed law of mortality is such that the ratio of those
dying in a year to those living through the year is constant, being
independent of the age of the persons.

DECREPIT
De*crep"it, a. Etym: [L. decrepitus, perhaps orig., noised out,
noiseless, applied to old people, who creep about quietly; de- +
crepare to make a noise, rattle: cf. F. décrépit. See Crepitate.]

Defn: Broken down with age; wasted and enfeebled by the infirmities
of old age; feeble; worn out. "Beggary or decrepit age." Milton.
Already decrepit with premature old age. Motley.

Note: Sometimes incorrectly written decrepid.

DECREPITATE
De*crep"i*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decrepitated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Decrepitating.] Etym: [Cf. F. décrépiter.]

Defn: To roast or calcine so as to cause a crackling noise; as, to
decrepitate salt.

DECREPITATE
De*crep"i*tate, v. i.

Defn: To crackle, as salt in roasting.

DECREPITATION
De*crep`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. décrépitation.]

Defn: The act of decrepitating; a crackling noise, such as salt makes
when roasting.

DECREPITNESS
De*crep"it*ness, n.

Defn: Decrepitude. [R.] Barrow.

DECREPITUDE
De*crep"i*tude, n. Etym: [Cf. F. décrépitude.]

Defn: The broken state produced by decay and the infirmities of age;
infirm old age.

DECRESCENDO
De`cres*cen"do, a. & adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: With decreasing volume of sound; -- a direction to performers,
either written upon the staff (abbreviated Dec., or Decresc.), or
indicated by the sign.

DECRESCENT
De*cres"cent, a. Etym: [L. decrescens, p. pr. of decrescere. See
Decrease.]

Defn: Becoming less by gradual diminution; decreasing; as, a
decrescent moon.

DECRESCENT
De*cres"cent, n. (Her.)

Defn: A crescent with the horns directed towards the sinister.
Cussans.

DECRETAL
De*cre"tal, a. Etym: [L. decretalis, fr. decretum. See Decree.]

Defn: Appertaining to a decree; containing a decree; as, a decretal
epistle. Ayliffe.

DECRETAL
De*cre"tal, n. Etym: [LL. decretale, neut. of L. decretalis. See
Decretal, a.]

1. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: An authoritative order or decree; especially, a letter of the
pope, determining some point or question in ecclesiastical law. The
decretals form the second part of the canon law.

2. (Canon Law)

Defn: The collection of ecclesiastical decrees and decisions made, by
order of Gregory IX., in 1234, by St. Raymond of Pennafort.

DECRETE
De*crete", n. Etym: [L. decretum. See Decree.]

Defn: A decree. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DECRETION
De*cre"tion, n. Etym: [From L. decrescere, decretum. See Decrease.]

Defn: A decrease. [Obs.] Pearson.

DECRETIST
De*cre"tist, n. Etym: [LL. decretista, fr. decretum: cf. F.
décrétiste. See Decree, n.]

Defn: One who studies, or professes the knowledge of, the decretals.

DECRETIVE
De*cre"tive, a. Etym: [From L. decretum. See Decree, n.]

Defn: Having the force of a decree; determining.
The will of God is either decretive or perceptive. Bates.

DECRETORIAL
Dec`re*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Decretory; authoritative. Sir T. Browne.

DECRETORILY
Dec"re*to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a decretory or definitive manner; by decree.

DECRETORY
Dec"re*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. decretorius, from decretum. See Decree.]

1. Established by a decree; definitive; settled.
The decretory rigors of a condemning sentence. South.

2. Serving to determine; critical. "The critical or decretory days."
Sir T. Browne.

DECREW
De*crew", v. i. Etym: [F. décrue, n., decrease, and décru, p. p. of
décroître. See Decrease, and cf. Accrue.]

Defn: To decrease. [Obs.] Spenser.

DECRIAL
De*cri"al, n. Etym: [See Decry.]

Defn: A crying down; a clamorous censure; condemnation by censure.

DECRIER
De*cri"er, n.

Defn: One who decries.

DECROWN
De*crown", v. t.

Defn: To deprive of a crown; to discrown. [R.] Hakewill.

DECRUSTATION
De`crus*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. décrustation.]

Defn: The removal of a crust.

DECRY
De*cry", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decried; p. pr. & vb. n. Decrying.]
Etym: [F. décrier, OF. descrier; pref. des- (L. dis-) + crier to cry.
See Cry, and cf. Descry.]

Defn: To cry down; to censure as faulty, mean, or worthless; to
clamor against; to blame clamorously; to discredit; to disparage.
For small errors they whole plays decry. Dryden.
Measures which are extolled by one half of the kingdom are naturally
decried by the other. Addison.

Syn.
 -- To Decry, Depreciate, Detract, Disparage. Decry and depreciate
refer to the estimation of a thing, the former seeking to lower its
value by clamorous censure, the latter by representing it as of
little worth. Detract and disparage also refer to merit or value,
which the former assails with caviling, insinuation, etc., while the
latter willfully underrates and seeks to degrade it. Men decry their
rivals and depreciate their measures. The envious detract from the
merit of a good action, and disparage the motives of him who performs
it.

DECUBATION
Dec`u*ba"tion, n. Etym: [From L. decubare; de- + cubare. See
Decumbent.]

Defn: Act of lying down; decumbence. [Obs.] Evelyn.

DECUBITUS
De*cu"bi*tus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. de- + cubare, to lie down: cf. F.
décubitus.] (Med.)

Defn: An attitude assumed in lying down; as, the dorsal decubitus.

DECULASSEMENT; DECULASSMENT
Dé`cu`lasse`ment", n. [F.] Also, sometimes, Anglicized
Dec`u*lass"ment. (Ordnance)

Defn: An accidental blowing off of, or other serious damage to, the
breechblock of a gun; also, a removal of the breechblock for the
purpose of disabling the gun.

DECUMAN
Dec"u*man, a. Etym: [L. decumanus of the tenth, and by metonymy,
large, fr. decem ten.]

Defn: Large; chief; -- applied to an extraordinary billow, supposed
by some to be every tenth in order. [R.] Also used substantively.
"Such decuman billows." Gauden. "The baffled decuman." Lowell.

DECUMBENCE; DECUMBENCY
De*cum"bence, De*cum"ben*cy, n.

Defn: The act or posture of lying down.
The ancient manner of decumbency. Sir T. Browne.

DECUMBENT
De*cum"bent, a. Etym: [L. decumbens, -entis, p. pr. of decumbere; de-
+ cumbere (only in comp.), cubare to lie down.]

1. Lying down; prostrate; recumbent.
The decumbent portraiture of a woman. Ashmole.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Reclining on the ground, as if too weak to stand, and tending
to rise at the summit or apex; as, a decumbent stem. Gray.

DECUMBENTLY
De*cum"bent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a decumbent posture.

DECUMBITURE
De*cum"bi*ture, n.

1. Confinement to a sick bed, or time of taking to one's bed from
sickness. Boyle.

2. (Astrol.)

Defn: Aspect of the heavens at the time of taking to one's sick bed,
by which the prognostics of recovery or death were made.

DECUPLE
Dec"u*ple, a. Etym: [F. décuple, L. decuplus, fr. decem ten.]

Defn: Tenfold. [R.]

DECUPLE
Dec"u*ple, n.

Defn: A number ten times repeated. [R.]

DECUPLE
Dec"u*ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decupled; p. pr. & vb. n. Decupling.]

Defn: To make tenfold; to multiply by ten. [R.]

DECURION
De*cu"ri*on, n. Etym: [L. decurio, decurionis, fr. decuria a squad of
ten, fr. decem ten.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A head or chief over ten; especially, an officer who commanded
a division of ten soldiers.

DECURIONATE
De*cu"ri*on*ate, n. Etym: [L. decurionatus, fr. decurio.]

Defn: The office of a decurion.

DECURRENCE
De*cur"rence, n.

Defn: The act of running down; a lapse. [R.] Gauden.

DECURRENT
De*cur"rent, a. Etym: [L. decurrens, -entis, p. pr. of decurrere to
run down; de- + currere to run: cf. F. décurrent.] (Bot.)

Defn: Extending downward; -- said of a leaf whose base extends
downward and forms a wing along the stem.
 -- De*cur"rent*ly, adv.

DECURSION
De*cur"sion, n. Etym: [L. decursio, fr. decurrere. See Decurrent.]

Defn: A flowing; also, a hostile incursion. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

DECURSIVE
De*cur"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. décursif. See Decurrent.]

Defn: Running down; decurrent.

DECURSIVELY
De*cur"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a decursive manner. Decursively pinnate (Bot.), having the
leaflets decurrent, or running along the petiole; -- said of a leaf.

DECURT
De*curt", v. t. Etym: [L. decurtare; de- + curtare.]

Defn: To cut short; to curtail. [Obs.] Bale.

DECURTATION
De`cur*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. decurtatio.]

Defn: Act of cutting short. [Obs.]

DECURY
Dec"u*ry, n.; pl. Decuries. Etym: [L. decuria, fr. decem ten.]

Defn: A set or squad of ten men under a decurion. Sir W. Raleigh.

DECUSSATE
De*cus"sate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decussated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Decussating.] Etym: [L. decussatus, p. p. of decussare to cross like
an X, fr. decussis (orig. equiv. to decem asses) the number ten,
which the Romans represented by X.]

Defn: To cross at an acute angle; to cut or divide in the form of X;
to intersect; -- said of lines in geometrical figures, rays of light,
nerves, etc.

DECUSSATE; DECUSSATED
De*cus"sate, De*cus"sa*ted, a.

1. Crossed; intersected.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing in pairs, each of which is at right angles to the next
pair above or below; as, decussated leaves or branches.

3. (Rhet.)

Defn: Consisting of two rising and two falling clauses, placed in
alternate opposition to each other; as, a decussated period.

DECUSSATELY
De*cus"sate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a decussate manner.

DECUSSATION
De`cus*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. decussatio.]

Defn: Act of crossing at an acute angle, or state of being thus
crossed; an intersection in the form of an X; as, the decussation of
lines, nerves, etc.

DECUSSATIVE
De*cus"sa*tive, a.

Defn: Intersecting at acute angles. Sir T. Browne.

DECUSSATIVELY
De*cus"sa*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: Crosswise; in the form of an X. "Anointed decussatively." Sir
T. Browne.

DECYL
De"cyl, n. Etym: [L. decem ten + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon radical, C10H21, never existing alone, but
regarded as the characteristic constituent of a number of compounds
of the paraffin series.

DECYLIC
De*cyl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Allied to, or containing, the radical decyl.

DEDALIAN
De*dal"ian, a.

Defn: See Dædalian.

DEDALOUS
Ded"a*lous, a.

Defn: See Dædalous.

DEDANS
De*dans", n. Etym: [F.] (Court Tennis)

Defn: A division, at one end of a tennis court, for spectators.

DEDE
Dede, a.

Defn: Dead. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DEDECORATE
De*dec"o*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. dedecoratus, p. p. of dedecorare to
disgrace. See Decorate.]

Defn: To bring to shame; to disgrace. [Obs.] Bailey.

DEDECORATION
De*dec`o*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. dedecoratio.]

Defn: Disgrace; dishonor. [Obs.] Bailey.

DEDECOROUS
De*dec"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. dedecorus. See Decorous.]

Defn: Disgraceful; unbecoming. [R.] Bailey.

DEDENTITION
De`den*ti"tion, n.

Defn: The shedding of teeth. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

DEDICATE
Ded"i*cate, p. a. Etym: [L. dedicatus, p. p. of dedicare to affirm,
to dedicate; de- + dicare to declare, dedicate; akin to dicere to
say. See Diction.]

Defn: Dedicated; set apart; devoted; consecrated. "Dedicate to
nothing temporal." Shak.

Syn.
 -- Devoted; consecrated; addicted.

DEDICATE
Ded"i*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dedicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dedicating.]

1. To set apart and consecrate, as to a divinity, or for sacred uses;
to devote formally and solemnly; as, to dedicate vessels, treasures,
a temple, or a church, to a religious use.
Vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, . . . which also king David
did dedicate unto the Lord. 2 Sam. viii. 10, 11.
We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting
place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might
live. . . . But in a larger sense we can not dedicate, we can not
consecrate, we can not hallow this ground. A. Lincoln.

2. To devote, set apart, or give up, as one's self, to a duty or
service.
The profession of a soldier, to which he had dedicated himself.
Clarendon.

3. To inscribe or address, as to a patron.
He complied ten elegant books, and dedicated them to the Lord
Burghley. Peacham.

Syn.
 -- See Addict.

DEDICATEE
Ded`i*ca*tee", n.

Defn: One to whom a thing is dedicated; -- correlative to dedicator.

DEDICATION
Ded`i*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. dedicatio.]

1. The act of setting apart or consecrating to a divine Being, or to
a sacred use, often with religious solemnities; solemn appropriation;
as, the dedication of Solomon's temple.

2. A devoting or setting aside for any particular purpose; as, a
dedication of lands to public use.

3. An address to a patron or friend, prefixed to a book, testifying
respect, and often recommending the work to his special protection
and favor.

DEDICATOR
Ded"i*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. dédicateur.]

Defn: One who dedicates; more especially, one who inscribes a book to
the favor of a patron, or to one whom he desires to compliment.

DEDICATORIAL
Ded`i*ca*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Dedicatory.

DEDICATORY
Ded"i*ca*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. dédicatoire.]

Defn: Constituting or serving as a dedication; complimental. "An
epistle dedicatory." Dryden.

DEDICATORY
Ded"i*ca*to*ry, n.

Defn: Dedication. [R.] Milton.

DEDIMUS
Ded"i*mus, n. Etym: [L. dedimus we have given, fr. dare to give. So
called because the writ began, Dedimus potestatem, etc.] (Law)

Defn: A writ to commission private persons to do some act in place of
a judge, as to examine a witness, etc. Bouvier.

DEDITION
De*di"tion, n. Etym: [L. deditio, fr. dedere to give away, surrender;
de- + dare to give.]

Defn: The act of yielding; surrender. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

DEDOLENT
Ded"o*lent, a. Etym: [L. dedolens, p. pr. of dedolere to give over
grieving; de- + dolere to grieve.]

Defn: Feeling no compunction; apathetic. [R.] Hallywell.

DEDUCE
De*duce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deduced; p. pr. & vb. n. Deducing.]
Etym: [L. deducere; de- + ducere to lead, draw. See Duke, and cf.
Deduct.]

1. To lead forth. [A Latinism]
He should hither deduce a colony. Selden.

2. To take away; to deduct; to subtract; as, to deduce a part from
the whole. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. To derive or draw; to derive by logical process; to obtain or
arrive at as the result of reasoning; to gather, as a truth or
opinion, from what precedes or from premises; to infer; -- with from
or out of.
O goddess, say, shall I deduce my rhymes From the dire nation in its
early times Pope.
Reasoning is nothing but the faculty of deducing unknown truths from
principles already known. Locke.
See what regard will be paid to the pedigree which deduces your
descent from kings and conquerors. Sir W. Scott.

DEDUCEMENT
De*duce"ment, n.

Defn: Inference; deduction; thing deduced. [R.] Dryden.

DEDUCIBILITY
De*du`ci*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Deducibleness.

DEDUCIBLE
De*du"ci*ble, a.

1. Capable of being deduced or inferred; derivable by reasoning, as a
result or consequence.
All properties of a triangle depend on, and are deducible from, the
complex idea of three lines including a space. Locke.

2. Capable of being brought down. [Obs.]
As if God [were] deducible to human imbecility. State Trials (1649).

DEDUCIBLENESS
De*du"ci*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being deducible; deducibility.

DEDUCIBLY
De*du"ci*bly, adv.

Defn: By deduction.

DEDUCIVE
De*du"cive, a.

Defn: That deduces; inferential.

DEDUCT
De*duct", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deducted; p. pr. & vb. n. Deducting.]
Etym: [L. deductus, p. p. of deducere to deduct. See Deduce.]

1. To lead forth or out. [Obs.]
A people deducted out of the city of Philippos. Udall.

2. To take away, separate, or remove, in numbering, estimating, or
calculating; to subtract; -- often with from or out of.
Deduct what is but vanity, or dress. Pope.
Two and a half per cent should be deducted out of the pay of the
foreign troops. Bp. Burnet.
We deduct from the computation of our years that part of our time
which is spent in . . . infancy. Norris.

3. To reduce; to diminish. [Obs.] "Do not deduct it to days."
Massinger.

DEDUCTIBLE
De*duct"i*ble, a.

1. Capable of being deducted, taken away, or withdrawn.
Not one found honestly deductible From any use that pleased him. Mrs.
Browning.

2. Deducible; consequential.

DEDUCTION
De*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. deductio: cf. F. déduction.]

1. Act or process of deducing or inferring.
The deduction of one language from another. Johnson.
This process, by which from two statements we deduce a third, is
called deduction. J. R. Seely.

2. Act of deducting or taking away; subtraction; as, the deduction of
the subtrahend from the minuend.

3. That which is deduced or drawn from premises by a process of
reasoning; an inference; a conclusion.
Make fair deductions; see to what they mount. Pope.

4. That which is deducted; the part taken away; abatement; as, a
deduction from the yearly rent.

Syn.
 -- See Induction.

DEDUCTIVE
De*duct"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. L. deductivus derivative.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to deduction; capable of being deduced from
premises; deducible.
All knowledge of causes is deductive. Glanvill.
Notions and ideas . . . used in a deductive process. Whewell.

DEDUCTIVELY
De*duct"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: By deduction; by way of inference; by consequence. Sir T.
Browne.

DEDUCTOR
De*duc"tor, n. Etym: [L., a guide. See Deduce.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pilot whale or blackfish.

DEDUIT
De*duit", n. Etym: [F. déduit. Cf. Deduct.]

Defn: Delight; pleasure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DEDUPLICATION
De*du`pli*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. de- + duplication.] (Biol.)

Defn: The division of that which is morphologically one organ into
two or more, as the division of an organ of a plant into a pair or
cluster.

DEED
Deed, a.

Defn: Dead. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DEED
Deed, n. Etym: [AS. d; akin to OS. dad, D. & Dan. daad, G. thai, Sw.
dåd, Goth. d; fr. the root of do. See Do, v. t.]

1. That which is done or effected by a responsible agent; an act; an
action; a thing done; -- a word of extensive application, including,
whatever is done, good or bad, great or small.
And Joseph said to them, What deed is this which ye have done Gen.
xliv. 15.
We receive the due reward of our deeds. Luke xxiii. 41.
Would serve his kind in deed and word. Tennyson.

2. Illustrious act; achievement; exploit. "Knightly deeds." Spenser.
Whose deeds some nobler poem shall adorn. Dryden.

3. Power of action; agency; efficiency. [Obs.]
To be, both will and deed, created free. Milton.

4. Fact; reality; -- whence we have indeed.

5. (Law)

Defn: A sealed instrument in writing, on paper or parchment, duly
executed and delivered, containing some transfer, bargain, or
contract.

Note: The term is generally applied to conveyances of real estate,
and it is the prevailing doctrine that a deed must be signed as well
as sealed, though at common law signing was formerly not necessary.
Blank deed, a printed form containing the customary legal
phraseology, with blank spaces for writing in names, dates,
boundaries, etc.

6. Performance; -- followed by of. [Obs.] Shak. In deed, in fact; in
truth; verily. See Indeed.

DEED
Deed, v. t.

Defn: To convey or transfer by deed; as, he deeded all his estate to
his eldest son. [Colloq. U. S.]

DEEDFUL
Deed"ful, a.

Defn: Full of deeds or exploits; active; stirring. [R.] "A deedful
life." Tennyson.

DEEDLESS
Deed"less, a.

Defn: Not performing, or not having performed, deeds or exploits;
inactive.
Deedless in his tongue. Shak.

DEED POLL
Deed" poll`. (Law)

Defn: A deed of one part, or executed by only one party, and
distinguished from an indenture by having the edge of the parchment
or paper cut even, or polled as it was anciently termed, instead of
being indented. Burrill.

DEEDY
Deed"y, a.

Defn: Industrious; active. [R.] Cowper.

DEEM
Deem, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deemed; p. pr. & vb. n. Deeming.] Etym:
[OE. demen to judge, condemn, AS. d, fr. d doom; akin to OFries. d,
OS. ad, D. doemen, OHG. tuommen, Icel. dæma, Sw. dömma, Dan. dömme,
Goth. d. See Doom, n., and cf. Doom, v.]

1. To decide; to judge; to sentence; to condemn. [Obs.]
Claudius . . . Was demed for to hang upon a tree. Chaucer.

2. To account; to esteem; to think; to judge; to hold in opinion; to
regard.
For never can I deem him less him less than god. Dryden.

DEEM
Deem, v. i.

1. To be of opinion; to think; to estimate; to opine; to suppose.
And deemest thou as those who pore, With aged eyes, short way before
Emerson.

2. To pass judgment. [Obs.] Spenser.

DEEM
Deem, n.

Defn: Opinion; judgment. [Obs.] Shak.

DEEMSTER
Deem"ster, n. Etym: [Deem + -ster; i. e., doomster. Cf. Dempster.]

Defn: A judge in the Isle of Man who decides controversies without
process. Cowell.

DEEP
Deep, a. [Compar. Deeper; superl. Deepest.] Etym: [OE. dep, deop, AS.
deóp; akin to D. diep, G. tief, Icel. dj, Sw. diup, Dan. dyb, Goth.
diups; fr. the root of E. dip, dive. See Dip, Dive.]

1. Extending far below the surface; of great perpendicular dimension
(measured from the surface downward, and distinguished from high,
which is measured upward); far to the bottom; having a certain depth;
as, a deep sea.
The water where the brook is deep. Shak.

2. Extending far back from the front or outer part; of great
horizontal dimension (measured backward from the front or nearer
part, mouth, etc.); as, a deep cave or recess or wound; a gallery ten
seats deep; a company of soldiers six files deep.
Shadowing squadrons deep. Milton.
Safely in harbor Is the king's ship in the deep nook. Shak.

3. Low in situation; lying far below the general surface; as, a deep
valley.

4. Hard to penetrate or comprehend; profound; -- opposed to shallow
or superficial; intricate; mysterious; not obvious; obscure; as, a
deep subject or plot.
Speculations high or deep. Milton.
A question deep almost as the mystery of life. De Quincey.
O Lord, . . . thy thought are very deep. Ps. xcii. 5.

5. Of penetrating or far-reaching intellect; not superficial;
thoroughly skilled; sagacious; cunning.
Deep clerks she dumbs. Shak.

6. Profound; thorough; complete; unmixed; intense; heavy; heartfelt;
as, deep distress; deep melancholy; deep horror. "Deep despair."
Milton. "Deep silence." Milton. "Deep sleep." Gen. ii. 21. "Deeper
darkness." Hoole. "Their deep poverty." 2 Cor. viii. 2.
An attitude of deep respect. Motley.

7. Strongly colored; dark; intense; not light or thin; as, deep blue
or crimson.

8. Of low tone; full-toned; not high or sharp; grave; heavy. "The
deep thunder." Byron.
The bass of heaven's deep organ. Milton.

9. Muddy; boggy; sandy; -- said of roads. Chaucer.
The ways in that vale were very deep. Clarendon.
A deep line of operations (Military), a long line.
 -- Deep mourning (Costume), mourning complete and strongly marked,
the garments being not only all black, but also composed of
lusterless materials and of such fashion as is identified with
mourning garments.

DEEP
Deep, adv.

Defn: To a great depth; with depth; far down; profoundly; deeply.
Deep-versed in books, and shallow in himself. Milton.
Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring. Pope.

Note: Deep, in its usual adverbial senses, is often prefixed to an
adjective; as, deep-chested, deep-cut, deep-seated, deep-toned, deep-
voiced, "deep-uddered kine."

DEEP
Deep, n.

1. That which is deep, especially deep water, as the sea or ocean; an
abyss; a great depth.
Courage from the deeps of knowledge springs. Cowley.
The hollow deep of hell resounded. Milton.
Blue Neptune storms, the bellowing deeps resound. Pope.

2. That which is profound, not easily fathomed, or incomprehensible;
a moral or spiritual depth or abyss.
Thy judgments are a great. Ps. xxxvi. 6.
Deep of night, the most quiet or profound part of night; dead of
night.
The deep of night is crept upon our talk. Shak.

DEEPEN
Deep"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deepened; p. pr. & vb. n. Deepening.]

1. To make deep or deeper; to increase the depth of; to sink lower;
as, to deepen a well or a channel.
It would . . . deepen the bed of the Tiber. Addison.

2. To make darker or more intense; to darken; as, the event deepened
the prevailing gloom.
You must deepen your colors. Peacham.

3. To make more poignant or affecting; to increase in degree; as, to
deepen grief or sorrow.

4. To make more grave or low in tone; as, to deepen the tones of an
organ.
Deepens the murmur of the falling floods. Pope.

DEEPEN
Deep"en, v. i.

Defn: To become deeper; as, the water deepens at every cast of the
lead; the plot deepens.
His blood-red tresses deepening in the sun. Byron.

DEEP-FET
Deep"-fet`, a.

Defn: Deeply fetched or drawn. [Obs.] "Deep-fet groans." Shak.

DEEP-LAID
Deep"-laid`, a.

Defn: Laid deeply; formed with cunning and sagacity; as, deep-laid
plans.

DEEPLY
Deep"ly, adv.

1. At or to a great depth; far below the surface; as, to sink deeply.

2. Profoundly; thoroughly; not superficially; in a high degree;
intensely; as, deeply skilled in ethics.
He had deeply offended both his nobles and people. Bacon.
He sighed deeply in his spirit. Mark viii. 12.

3. Very; with a tendency to darkness of color.
The deeply red juice of buckthorn berries. Boyle.

4. Gravely; with low or deep tone; as, a deeply toned instrument.

5. With profound skill; with art or intricacy; as, a deeply laid plot
or intrigue.

DEEP-MOUTHED
Deep"-mouthed`, a.

Defn: Having a loud and sonorous voice. "Deep-mouthed dogs." Dryden.

DEEPNESS
Deep"ness, n.

1. The state or quality of being deep, profound, mysterious,
secretive, etc.; depth; profundity; -- opposed to shallowness.
Because they had no deepness of earth. Matt. xiii. 5.

2. Craft; insidiousness. [R.] J. Gregory.

DEEP-READ
Deep"-read`, a.

Defn: Profoundly book-learned. "Great writers and deep-read men."
L'Estrange.

DEEP-SEA
Deep"-sea`, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the deeper parts of the sea; as, a deep-sea
line (i. e., a line to take soundings at a great depth); deep-sea
lead; deep-sea soundings, explorations, etc.

DEEP-WAISTED
Deep"-waist`ed, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Having a deep waist, as when, in a ship, the poop and
forecastle are much elevated above the deck.

DEER
Deer, n. sing. & pl. Etym: [OE. der, door, animal, wild animal, AS.
deór; akin to D. dier, OFries. diar, G. thier, tier, Icel. d, Dan.
dyr, Sw. djur, Goth. dius; of unknown origin.

1. Any animal; especially, a wild animal. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Mice and rats, and such small deer. Shak.
The camel, that great deer. Lindisfarne MS.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A ruminant of the genus Cervus, of many species, and of related
genera of the family Cervidæ. The males, and in some species the
females, have solid antlers, often much branched, which are shed
annually. Their flesh, for which they are hunted, is called venison.

Note: The deer hunted in England is Cervus elaphus, called also stag
or red deer; the fallow deer is C. dama; the common American deer is
C. Virginianus; the blacktailed deer of Western North America is C.
Columbianus; and the mule deer of the same region is C. macrotis. See
Axis, Fallow deer, Mule deer, Reindeer.

Note: Deer is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a
compound; as, deerkiller, deerslayer, deerslaying, deer hunting, deer
stealing, deerlike, etc. Deer mouse (Zoöl.), the white-footed mouse
(Hesperomys leucopus) of America.
 -- Small deer, petty game, not worth pursuing; -- used
metaphorically. (See citation from Shakespeare under the first
definition, above.) "Minor critics . . . can find leisure for the
chase of such small deer." G. P. Marsh.

DEERBERRY
Deer"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A shrub of the blueberry group (Vaccinium stamineum); also, its
bitter, greenish white berry; -- called also squaw huckleberry.

DEERGRASS
Deer"grass`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An American genus (Rhexia) of perennial herbs, with opposite
leaves, and showy flowers (usually bright purple), with four petals
and eight stamens, -- the only genus of the order Melastomaceæ
inhabiting a temperate clime.

DEERHOUND
Deer"hound`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a large and fleet breed of hounds used in hunting deer;
a staghound.

DEERLET
Deer"let, n. Etym: [Deer + -let.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A chevrotain. See Kanchil, and Napu.

DEER-NECK
Deer"-neck`, n.

Defn: A deerlike, or thin, ill-formed neck, as of a horse.

DEERSKIN
Deer"skin`, n.

Defn: The skin of a deer, or the leather which is made from it.
Hakluyt. Longfellow.

DEERSTALKER
Deer"stalk`er, n.

Defn: One who practices deerstalking.

DEERSTALKING
Deer"stalk`ing, n.

Defn: The hunting of deer on foot, by stealing upon them unawares.

DEER'S-TONGUE
Deer's"-tongue`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Liatris odoratissima) whose fleshy leaves give out a
fragrance compared to vanilla. Wood.

DEES
Dees, n. pl.

Defn: Dice. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DEES
Dees, n.

Defn: A dais. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DEESIS
De*e"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: An invocation of, or address to, the Supreme Being.

DEESS
De"ess, n. Etym: [F. déesse, fem. of dieu god.]

Defn: A goddess. [Obs.] Croft.

DEEV
Deev, n. (Hind. & Pers. Myth.)

Defn: See Dev.

DEFACE
De*face", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defaced; p. pr. & vb. n. Defacing.]
Etym: [OE. defacen to disfigure, efface, OF. desfacier; L. dis- +
facies face. See Face, and cf. Efface.]

1. To destroy or mar the face or external appearance of; to
disfigure; to injure, spoil, or mar, by effacing or obliterating
important features or portions of; as, to deface a monument; to
deface an edifice; to deface writing; to deface a note, deed, or
bond; to deface a record. "This high face defaced." Emerson.
So by false learning is good sense defaced. Pope.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. défaire.]

Defn: To destroy; to make null. [Obs.]
[Profane scoffing] doth . . . deface the reverence of religion.
Bacon.
For all his power was utterly defaste [defaced]. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- See Efface.

DEFACEMENT
De*face"ment, n.

1. The act of defacing, or the condition of being defaced; injury to
the surface or exterior; obliteration.

2. That which mars or disfigures. Bacon.

DEFACER
De*fa"cer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, defaces or disfigures.

DE FACTO
De` fac"to. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Actually; in fact; in reality; as, a king de facto, --
distinguished from a king de jure, or by right.

DEFAIL
De*fail", v. t. Etym: [F. défaillir to fail; pref. dé- (L. de) +
faillir. See Fail, and cf. Default.]

Defn: To cause fail. [Obs.]

DEFAILANCE
De*fail"ance, n. Etym: [F. défaillance.]

Defn: Failure; miscarriage. [Obs.]
Possibility of defailance in degree or continuance. Comber.

DEFAILURE
De*fail"ure, n.

Defn: Failure. [Obs.] Barrow.

DEFALCATE
De*fal"cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defalcated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Defalcating.] Etym: [LL. defalcatus, p. p. of defalcare to deduct,
orig., to cut off with a sickle; L. de- + falx, a sickle. See
Falchion.]

Defn: To cut off; to take away or deduct a part of; -- used chiefly
of money, accounts, rents, income, etc.
To show what may be practicably and safely defalcated from the [the
estimates]. Burke.

DEFALCATE
De*fal"cate, v. i.

Defn: To commit defalcation; to embezzle money held in trust. "Some
partner defalcating, or the like." Carlyle.

DEFALCATION
De`fal*ca"tion, n. Etym: [LL. defalcatio: cf. F. défalcation.]

1. A lopping off; a diminution; abatement; deficit. Specifically:
Reduction of a claim by deducting a counterclaim; set-off. Abbott.

2. That which is lopped off, diminished, or abated.

3. An abstraction of money, etc., by an officer or agent

DEFALCATOR
Def"al*ca`tor, n.

Defn: A defaulter or embezzler. [Modern]

DEFALK
De*falk", v. t. Etym: [F. défalquer. See Defalcate.]

Defn: To lop off; to bate. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

DEFAMATION
Def`a*ma"tion, n. Etym: [OE. diffamacioun, F. diffamation. See
Defame.]

Defn: Act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous
communication, written or oral; the wrong of maliciously injuring the
good name of another; slander; detraction; calumny; aspersion.

Note: In modern usage, written defamation bears the title of libel,
and oral defamation that of slander. Burrill.

DEFAMATORY
De*fam"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Containing defamation; injurious to reputation; calumnious;
slanderous; as, defamatory words; defamatory writings.

DEFAME
De*fame", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Defaming.]
Etym: [OE. defamen, diffamen, from F. diffamer, or OF. perh. defamer,
fr. L. diffamare (cf. defamatus infamous); dis- (in this word
confused with de) + fama a report. See Fame.]

1. To harm or destroy the good fame or reputation of; to disgrace;
especially, to speak evil of maliciously; to dishonor by slanderous
reports; to calumniate; to asperse.

2. To render infamous; to bring into disrepute.
My guilt thy growing virtues did defame; My blackness blotted thy
unblemish'd name. Dryden.

3. To charge; to accuse. [R.]
Rebecca is . . . defamed of sorcery practiced on the person of a
noble knight. Sir W. Scott.

Syn.
 -- To asperse; slander; calumniate; vilify. See Asperse.

DEFAME
De*fame", n.

Defn: Dishonor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DEFAMER
De*fam"er, n.

Defn: One who defames; a slanderer; a detractor; a calumniator.

DEFAMINGLY
De*fam"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a defamatory manner.

DEFAMOUS
Def"a*mous, a.

Defn: Defamatory. [Obs.]

DEFATIGABLE
De*fat"i*ga*ble, a. Etym: [See Defatigate.]

Defn: Capable of being wearied or tired out. [R.] Glanvill.

DEFATIGATE
De*fat"i*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. defatigatus, p. p. of defatigare; de-
+ fatigare to weary. See Fatigue.]

Defn: To weary or tire out; to fatigue. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.

DEFATIGATION
De*fat`i*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. defatigatio.]

Defn: Weariness; fatigue. [R.] Bacon.

DEFAULT
De*fault", n. Etym: [OE. defaute, OF. defaute, defalte, fem., F.
défaut, masc., LL. defalta, fr. a verb meaning, to be deficient, to
want, fail, fr. L. de- + fallere to deceive. See Fault.]

1. A failing or failure; omission of that which ought to be done;
neglect to do whaas, this evil has happened through the governor's
default.

2. Fault; offense; ill deed; wrong act; failure in virtue or wisdom.
And pardon craved for his so rash default. Spenser.
Regardless of our merit or default. Pope.

3. (Law)

Defn: A neglect of, or failure to take, some step necessary to secure
the benefit of law, as a failure to appear in court at a day
assigned, especially of the defendant in a suit when called to make
answer; also of jurors, witnesses, etc. In default of, in case of
failure or lack of.
Cooks could make artificial birds and fishes in default of the real
ones. Arbuthnot.
-- To suffer a default (Law), to permit an action to be called
without appearing to answer.

DEFAULT
De*fault", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Defaulted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Defaulting.]

1. To fail in duty; to offend.
That he gainst courtesy so foully did default. Spenser.

2. To fail in fulfilling a contract, agreement, or duty.

3. To fail to appear in court; to let a case go by default.

DEFAULT
De*fault", v. t.

1. To fail to perform or pay; to be guilty of neglect of; to omit;
as, to default a dividend.
What they have defaulted towards him as no king. Milton.

2. (Law)

Defn: To call a defendant or other party whose duty it is to be
present in court, and make entry of his default, if he fails to
appear; to enter a default against.

3. To leave out of account; to omit. [Obs.]
Defaulting unnecessary and partial discourses. Hales.

DEFAULTER
De*fault"er, n.

1. One who makes default; one who fails to appear in court when court
when called.

2. One who fails to perform a duty; a delinquent; particularly, one
who fails to account for public money intrusted to his care; a
peculator; a defalcator.

DEFEASANCE
De*fea"sance, n. Etym: [OF. defesance, fr. defesant, F. défaisant, p.
pr. of defaire, F. défaire, to undo. See Defeat.]

1. A defeat; an overthrow. [Obs.]
After his foes' defeasance. Spenser.

2. A rendering null or void.

3. (Law)

Defn: A condition, relating to a deed, which being performed, the
deed is defeated or rendered void; or a collateral deed, made at the
same time with a feoffment, or other conveyance, containing
conditions, on the performance of which the estate then created may
be defeated.

Note: Mortgages were usually made in this manner in former times, but
the modern practice is to include the conveyance and the defeasance
in the same deed.

DEFEASANCED
De*fea"sanced, a. (Law)

Defn: Liable to defeasance; capable of being made void or forfeited.

DEFEASIBLE
De*fea"si*ble, a. Etym: [See Defeasance.]

Defn: Capable of being annulled or made void; as, a defeasible title.
 -- De*fea"si*ble*ness, n.

DEFEAT
De*feat", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defeated; p. pr. & vb. n. Defeating.]
Etym: [From F. défait, OF. desfait, p. p. ofe défaire, OF. desfaire,
to undo; L. dis- + facere to do. See Feat, Fact, and cf. Disfashion.]

1. To undo; to disfigure; to destroy. [Obs.]
His unkindness may defeat my life. Shak.

2. To render null and void, as a title; to frustrate, as hope; to
deprive, as of an estate.
He finds himself naturally to dread a superior Being that can defeat
all his designs, and disappoint all his hopes. Tillotson.
The escheators . . . defeated the right heir of his succession.
Hallam.
In one instance he defeated his own purpose. A. W. Ward.

3. To overcome or vanquish, as an army; to check, disperse, or ruin
by victory; to overthrow.

4. To resist with success; as, to defeat an assault.
Sharp reasons to defeat the law. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To baffle; disappoint; frustrate.

DEFEAT
De*feat", n. Etym: [Cf. F. défaite, fr. défaire. See Defeat, v.]

1. An undoing or annulling; destruction. [Obs.]
Upon whose property and most dear life A damned defeat was made.
Shak.

2. Frustration by rendering null and void, or by prevention of
success; as, the defeat of a plan or design.

3. An overthrow, as of an army in battle; loss of a battle; repulse
suffered; discomfiture; -- opposed to victory.

DEFEATURE
De*fea"ture, n. Etym: [OF. desfaiture a killing, disguising, prop.,
an undoing. See Defeat, and cf. Disfeature.]

1. Overthrow; defeat. [Obs.] "Nothing but loss in their defeature."
Beau. & Fl.

2. Disfigurement; deformity. [Obs.] "Strange defeatures in my face."
Shak.

DEFEATURED
De*fea"tured, p. p.

Defn: Changed in features; deformed. [R.]
Features when defeatured in the . . . way I have described. De
Quincey.

DEFECATE
Def"e*cate, a. Etym: [L. defaecatus, p. p. of defaecare to defecate;
de- + faex, faecis, dregs, less.]

Defn: Freed from anything that can pollute, as dregs, lees, etc.;
refined; purified.
Till the soul be defecate from the dregs of sense. Bates.

DEFECATE
Def"e*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defecated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Defecating.]

1. To clear from impurities, as lees, dregs, etc.; to clarify; to
purify; to refine.
To defecate the dark and muddy oil of amber. Boyle.

2. To free from extraneous or polluting matter; to clear; to purify,
as from that which materializes.
We defecate the notion from materiality. Glanvill.
Defecated from all the impurities of sense. Bp. Warburton.

DEFECATE
Def"e*cate, v. i.

1. To become clear, pure, or free. Goldsmith.

2. To void excrement.

DEFECATION
Def`e*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. defaecatio: cf. F. défécation.]

1. The act of separating from impurities, as lees or dregs;
purification.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act or process of voiding excrement.

DEFECATOR
Def"e*ca`tor, n.

Defn: That which cleanses or purifies; esp., an apparatus for
removing the feculencies of juices and sirups. Knight.

DEFECT
De*fect", n. Etym: [L. defectus, fr. deficere, defectum, to desert,
fail, be wanting; de- + facere to make, do. See Fact, Feat, and cf.
Deficit.]

1. Want or absence of something necessary for completeness or
perfection; deficiency; -- opposed to superfluity.
Errors have been corrected, and defects supplied. Davies.

2. Failing; fault; imperfection, whether physical or moral; blemish;
as, a defect in the ear or eye; a defect in timber or iron; a defect
of memory or judgment.
Trust not yourself; but, your defects to know, Make use of every
friend -- any every foe. Pope.
Among boys little tenderness is shown to personal defects. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Deficiency; imperfection; blemish. See Fault.

DEFECT
De*fect", v. i.

Defn: To fail; to become deficient. [Obs.] "Defected honor." Warner.

DEFECT
De*fect", v. t.

Defn: To injure; to damage. "None can my life defect." [R.] Troubles
of Q. Elizabeth (1639).

DEFECTIBILITY
De*fect`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Deficiency; imperfection. [R.] Ld. Digby. Jer. Taylor.

DEFECTIBLE
De*fect"i*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to defect; imperfect. [R.] "A defectible understanding."
Jer. Taylor.

DEFECTION
De*fec"tion, n. Etym: [L. defectio: cf. F. défection. See Defect.]

Defn: Act of abandoning a person or cause to which one is bound by
allegiance or duty, or to which one has attached himself; desertion;
failure in duty; a falling away; apostasy; backsliding. "Defection
and falling away from God." Sir W. Raleigh.
The general defection of the whole realm. Sir J. Davies.

DEFECTIONIST
De*fec"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who advocates or encourages defection.

DEFECTIOUS
De*fec"tious, a.

Defn: Having defects; imperfect. [Obs.] "Some one defectious piece."
Sir P. Sidney.

DEFECTIVE
De*fect"ive, a. Etym: [L. defectivus: cf. F. défectif. See Defect.]

1. Wanting in something; incomplete; lacking a part; deficient;
imperfect; faulty; -- applied either to natural or moral qualities;
as, a defective limb; defective timber; a defective copy or account;
a defective character; defective rules.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Lacking some of the usual forms of declension or conjugation;
as, a defective noun or verb.
 -- De*fect"ive*ly, adv.
 -- De*fect"ive*ness, n.

DEFECTUOSITY
De*fec`tu*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. défectuosité.]

Defn: Great imperfection. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

DEFECTUOUS
De*fec"tu*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. défectueux.]

Defn: Full of defects; imperfect. [Obs.] Barrow.

DEFEDATION
Def`e*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. defoedare, defoedatum, to defile; de- +
foedare to foul, foedus foul.]

Defn: The act of making foul; pollution. [Obs.]

DEFENCE
De*fence", n. & v. t.

Defn: See Defense.

DEFEND
De*fend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defended; p. pr. & vb. n. Defending.]
Etym: [F. défendre, L. defendere; de- + fendere (only in comp.) to
strike; perh. akin to Gr. dint. Cf. Dint, Defense, Fend.]

1. To ward or fend off; to drive back or away; to repel. [A Latinism
& Obs.]
Th' other strove for to defend The force of Vulcan with his might and
main. Spenser.

2. To prohibit; to forbid. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Which God defend that I should wring from him. Shak.

3. To repel danger or harm from; to protect; to secure against;
attack; to maintain against force or argument; to uphold; to guard;
as, to defend a town; to defend a cause; to defend character; to
defend the absent; -- sometimes followed by from or against; as, to
defend one's self from, or against, one's enemies.
The lord mayor craves aid . . . to defend the city. Shak.
God defend the right! Shak.
A village near it was defended by the river. Clarendon.

4. (Law.)

Defn: To deny the right of the plaintiff in regard to (the suit, or
the wrong charged); to oppose or resist, as a claim at law; to
contest, as a suit. Burrill.

Syn.
 -- To Defend, Protect. To defend is literally to ward off; to
protect is to cover so as to secure against approaching danger. We
defend those who are attacked; we protect those who are liable to
injury or invasion. A fortress is defended by its guns, and protected
by its wall.
As birds flying, so will the Lord of hosts defend Jerusalem;
defending also he will deliver it. Is. xxxi. 5.
Leave not the faithful side That gave thee being, still shades thee
and protects. Milton.

DEFENDABLE
De*fend"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. défendable.]

Defn: Capable of being defended; defensible. [R.]

DEFENDANT
De*fend"ant, a. Etym: [F. défendant, p. pr. of défendre. See Defend.]

1. Serving, or suitable, for defense; defensive. [Obs.]
With men of courage and with means defendant. Shak.

2. Making defense.

DEFENDANT
De*fend"ant, n.

1. One who defends; a defender.
The rampiers and ditches which the defendants had cast up. Spotswood.

2. (Law)

Defn: A person required to make answer in an action or suit; --
opposed to plaintiff. Abbott.

Note: The term is applied to any party of whom a demand is made in
court, whether the party denies and defends the claim, or admits it,
and suffers a default; also to a party charged with a criminal
offense.

DEFENDEE
De`fen*dee", n.

Defn: One who is defended. [R. & Ludicrous]

DEFENDER
De*fend"er, n. Etym: [Cf. Fender.]

Defn: One who defends; one who maintains, supports, protects, or
vindicates; a champion; an advocate; a vindicator.
Provinces . . . left without their ancient and puissant defenders.
Motley.

DEFENDRESS
De*fend"ress, n.

Defn: A female defender. [R.]
Defendress of the faith. Stow.

DEFENSATIVE
De*fen"sa*tive, n. Etym: [L. defensare, defensatum, to defend
diligently, intens. of defendere. See Defend.]

Defn: That which serves to protect or defend.

DEFENSE; DEFENCE
De*fense", De*fence", n. Etym: [F. défense, OF. defense, fem.,
defens, masc., fr. L. defensa (cf. Fence.]

1. The act of defending, or the state of being defended; protection,
as from violence or danger.
In cases of defense 't is best to weigh The enemy more mighty than he
seems. Shak.

2. That which defends or protects; anything employed to oppose
attack, ward off violence or danger, or maintain security; a guard; a
protection.
War would arise in defense of the right. Tennyson.
God, the widow's champion and defense. Shak.

3. Protecting plea; vindication; justification.
Men, brethren, and fathers, hear ye my defense. Acts xxii. 1.

4. (Law)

Defn: The defendant's answer or plea; an opposing or denial of the
truth or validity of the plaintiff's or prosecutor's case; the method
of proceeding adopted by the defendant to protect himself against the
plaintiff's action.

5. Act or skill in making defense; defensive plan or policy; practice
in self defense, as in fencing, boxing, etc.
A man of great defense. Spenser.
By how much defense is better than no skill. Shak.

6. Prohibition; a prohibitory ordinance. [Obs.]
Severe defenses . . . against wearing any linen under a certain
breadth. Sir W. Temple.

DEFENSE
De*fense", v. t.

Defn: To furnish with defenses; to fortify. [Obs.] [Written also
defence.]
Better manned and more strongly defensed. Hales.

DEFENSELESS
De*fense"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of defense; unprepared to resist attack; unable to
oppose; unprotected.
 -- De*fense"less*ly, adv.
 -- De*fense"less*ness, n.

DEFENSER
De*fens"er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. défenseur, L. defensor. Cf. Defensor.]

Defn: Defender. [Obs.] Foxe.

DEFENSIBILITY
De*fen`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being defended.

DEFENSIBLE
De*fen"si*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. défensable, LL. defensabilis,
defensibilis. See Defense, and cf. Defendable.]

1. Capable of being defended; as, a defensible city, or a defensible
cause.

2. Capable of offering defense. [Obs.] Shak.

DEFENSIBLENESS
De*fen"si*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Capability of being defended; defensibility. Priestley.

DEFENSIVE
De*fen"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. défensif.]

1. Serving to defend or protect; proper for defense; opposed to
offensive; as, defensive armor.
A moat defensive to a house. Shak.

2. Carried on by resisting attack or aggression; -- opposed to
offensive; as, defensive war.

3. In a state or posture of defense. Milton.

DEFENSIVE
De*fen"sive, n.

Defn: That which defends; a safeguard.
Wars preventive, upon just fears, are true defensive. Bacon.
To be on the defensive, To stand on the defensive, to be or stand in
a state or posture of defense or resistance, in opposition to
aggression or attack.

DEFENSIVELY
De*fen"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: On the defensive.

DEFENSOR
De*fen"sor, n. Etym: [L. See Defenser.]

1. A defender. Fabyan.

2. (Law)

Defn: A defender or an advocate in court; a guardian or protector.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: The patron of a church; an officer having charge of the
temporal affairs of a church.

DEFENSORY
De*fen"so*ry, a. Etym: [L. defensorius.]

Defn: Tending to defend; defensive; as, defensory preparations.

DEFER
De*fer", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deferred; p. pr. & vb. n. Deferring.]
Etym: [OE. differren, F. différer, fr. L. differre to delay, bear
different ways; dis- + ferre to bear. See Bear to support, and cf.
Differ, Defer to offer.]

Defn: To put off; to postpone to a future time; to delay the
execution of; to delay; to withhold.
Defer the spoil of the city until night. Shak.
God . . . will not long defer To vindicate the glory of his name.
Milton.

DEFER
De*fer", v. i.

Defn: To put off; to delay to act; to wait.
Pius was able to defer and temporize at leisure. J. A. Symonds.

DEFER
De*fer", v. t. Etym: [F. déférer to pay deference, to yield, to bring
before a judge, fr. L. deferre to bring down; de- + ferre to bear.
See Bear to support, and cf. Defer to delay, Delate.]

1. To render or offer. [Obs.]
Worship deferred to the Virgin. Brevint.

2. To lay before; to submit in a respectful manner; to refer; -- with
to.
Hereupon the commissioners . . . deferred the matter to the Earl of
Northumberland. Bacon.

DEFER
De*fer", v. i.

Defn: To yield deference to the wishes of another; to submit to the
opinion of another, or to authority; -- with to.
The house, deferring to legal right, acquiesced. Bancroft.

DEFERENCE
Def"er*ence, n. Etym: [F. déférence. See 3d Defer.]

Defn: A yielding of judgment or preference from respect to the wishes
or opinion of another; submission in opinion; regard; respect;
complaisance.
Deference to the authority of thoughtful and sagacious men. Whewell.
Deference is the most complicate, the most indirect, and the most
elegant of all compliments. Shenstone.

Syn.
 -- Deference, Reverence, Respect. Deference marks an inclination to
yield one's opinion, and to acquiesce in the sentiments of another in
preference to one's own. Respect marks the estimation that we have
for another, which makes us look to him as worthy of high confidence
for the qualities of his mind and heart. Reverence denotes a mingling
of fear with a high degree of respect and esteem. Age, rank, dignity,
and personal merit call for deference; respect should be paid to the
wise and good; reverence is due to God, to the authors of our being,
and to the sanctity of the laws.

DEFERENT
Def"er*ent, a. Etym: [L. deferens, p. pr. of deferre. See 3d Defer.]

Defn: Serving to carry; bearing. [R.] "Bodies deferent." Bacon.

DEFERENT
Def"er*ent, n.

1. That which carries or conveys.
Though air be the most favorable deferent of sounds. Bacon.

2. (Ptolemaic Astron.)

Defn: An imaginary circle surrounding the earth, in whose periphery
either the heavenly body or the center of the heavenly body's
epicycle was supposed to be carried round.

DEFERENTIAL
Def`er*en"tial, a. Etym: [See Deference.]

Defn: Expressing deference; accustomed to defer.

DEFERENTIALLY
Def`er*en"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: With deference.

DEFERMENT
De*fer"ment, n. Etym: [See 1st Defer.]

Defn: The act of delaying; postponement. [R.]
My grief, joined with the instant business, Begs a deferment.
Suckling.

DEFERRER
De*fer"rer, n.

Defn: One who defers or puts off.

DEFERVESCENCE; DEFERVESCENCY
De`fer*ves"cence, De`fer*ves"cency, n. Etym: [L. defervescere to grow
cool.]

1. A subsiding from a state of ebullition; loss of heat;
lukewarmness.
A defervescency in holy actions. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The subsidence of a febrile process; as, the stage of
defervescence in pneumonia.

DEFEUDALIZE
De*feu"dal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of the feudal character or form.

DEFIANCE
De*fi"ance, n. Etym: [OF. defiance, desfiance, challenge, fr. desfier
to challenge, F. défier. See Defy.]

1. The act of defying, putting in opposition, or provoking to combat;
a challenge; a provocation; a summons to combat.
A war without a just defiance made. Dryden.
Stood for her cause, and flung defiance down. Tennyson.

2. A state of opposition; willingness to flight; disposition to
resist; contempt of opposition.
He breathed defiance to my ears. Shak.

3. A casting aside; renunciation; rejection. [Obs.] "Defiance to thy
kindness." Ford. To bid defiance, To set at defiance, to defy; to
disregard recklessly or contemptuously. Locke.

DEFIANT
De*fi"ant, a. Etym: [Cf. F. défiant, p. pr. of défier. See Defy.]

Defn: Full of defiance; bold; insolent; as, a defiant spirit or act.
In attitude stern and defiant. Longfellow.
-- De*fi"ant*ly, adv.
 -- De*fi"ant*ness, n.

DEFIATORY
De*fi"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [See Defy.]

Defn: Bidding or manifesting defiance. [Obs.] Shelford.

DEFIBRINATE
De*fi"bri*nate, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of fibrin, as fresh blood or lymph by stirring with
twigs.

DEFIBRINATION
De*fi`bri*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of depriving of fibrin.

DEFIBRINIZE
De*fi"bri*nize, v. t.

Defn: To defibrinate.

DEFICIENCE
De*fi"cience, n.

Defn: Same as Deficiency.
Thou in thyself art perfect, and in thee Is no deficience found.
Milton.

DEFICIENCY
De*fi"cien*cy, n.; pl. Deficiencies. Etym: [See Deficient.]

Defn: The state of being deficient; inadequacy; want; failure;
imperfection; shortcoming; defect. "A deficiencyof blood." Arbuthnot.
[Marlborough] was so miserably ignorant, that his deficiencies made
him the ridicule of his contemporaries. Buckle.
Deficiency of a curve (Geom.), the amount by which the number of
double points on a curve is short of the maximum for curves of the
same degree.

DEFICIENT
De*fi"cient, a. Etym: [L. deficiens, -entis, p. pr. of deficere to be
wanting. See Defect.]

Defn: Wanting, to make up completeness; wanting, as regards a
requirement; not sufficient; inadequate; defective; imperfect;
incomplete; lacking; as, deficient parts; deficient estate; deficient
strength; deficient in judgment.
The style was indeed deficient in ease and variety. Macaulay.
Deficient number. (Arith.) See under Abundant.
 -- De*fi"cient-ly, adv.

DEFICIT
Def"i*cit, n. Etym: [Lit., it is wanting, 3d person pres. indic. of
L. deficere, cf. F. déficit. See Defect.]

Defn: Deficiency in amount or quality; a falling short; lack; as, a
deficit in taxes, revenue, etc. Addison.

DEFIER
De*fi"er, n. Etym: [See Defy.]

Defn: One who dares and defies; a contemner; as, a defier of the
laws.

DEFIGURATION
De*fig`u*ra"tion, n.

Defn: Disfiguration; mutilation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

DEFIGURE
De*fig"ure, v. t. Etym: [Pref. de- (intens.) + figure.]

Defn: To delineate. [Obs.]
These two stones as they are here defigured. Weever.

DEFILADE
De`fi*lade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defiladed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Defilading.] Etym: [Cf. F. défiler to defile, and défilade act of
defiling. See 1st Defile.] (Mil.)

Defn: To raise, as a rampart, so as to shelter interior works
commanded from some higher point.

DEFILADING
De`fi*lad"ing, n. (Mil.)

Defn: The art or act of determining the directions and heights of the
lines of rampart with reference to the protection of the interior
from exposure to an enemy's fire from any point within range, or from
any works which may be erected. Farrow.

DEFILE
De*file", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Defiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Defiling.]
Etym: [F. défiler; pref. dé-, for des- (L. dis-) + file a row or
line. See File a row.]

Defn: To march off in a line, file by file; to file off.

DEFILE
De*file", v. t. (Mil.)

Defn: Same as Defilade.

DEFILE
De*file", n. Etym: [Cf. F. défilé, fr. défiler to defile.]

1. Any narrow passage or gorge in which troops can march only in a
file, or with a narrow front; a long, narrow pass between hills,
rocks, etc.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: The act of defilading a fortress, or of raising the exterior
works in order to protect the interior. See Defilade.

DEFILE
De*file", v. t. Etym: [OE. defoulen, -foilen, to tread down, OF.
defouler; de- + fouler to trample (see Full, v. t.), and OE. defoulen
to foul (influenced in form by the older verb defoilen). See File to
defile, Foul, Defoul.]

1. To make foul or impure; to make filthy; to dirty; to befoul; to
pollute.
They that touch pitch will be defiled. Shak.

2. To soil or sully; to tarnish, as reputation; to taint.
He is . . . among the greatest prelates of this age, however his
character may be defiled by . . . dirty hands. Swift.

3. To injure in purity of character; to corrupt.
Defile not yourselves with the idols of Egypt. Ezek. xx. 7.

4. To corrupt the chastity of; to debauch; to violate.
The husband murder'd and the wife defiled. Prior.

5. To make ceremonially unclean; to pollute.
That which dieth of itself, or is torn with beasts, he shall not eat
to defile therewith. Lev. xxii. 8.

DEFILEMENT
De*file"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. défilement. See Defile] (Mil.)

Defn: The protection of the interior walls of a fortification from an
enfilading fire, as by covering them, or by a high parapet on the
exposed side.

DEFILEMENT
De*file"ment, n. Etym: [From 3d Defile.]

Defn: The act of defiling, or state of being defiled, whether
physically or morally; pollution; foulness; dirtiness; uncleanness.
Defilements of the flesh. Hopkins.
The chaste can not rake into such filth without danger of defilement.
Addison.

DEFILER
De*fil"er, n.

Defn: One who defiles; one who corrupts or violates; that which
pollutes.

DEFILIATION
De*fil`i*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. de- + filius son.]

Defn: Abstraction of a child from its parents. Lamb.

DEFINABLE
De*fin"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Define.]

Defn: Capable of being defined, limited, or explained; determinable;
describable by definition; ascertainable; as, definable limits;
definable distinctions or regulations; definable words.
 -- De*fin"a*bly, adv.

DEFINE
De*fine", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defined; p. pr. & vb. n. Defining.]
Etym: [OE. definer, usually, to end, to finish, F. définir to define,
L. definire to limit, define; de- + finire to limit, end, finis
boundary, limit, end. See Final, Finish.]

1. To fix the bounds of; to bring to a termination; to end. "To
define controversies." Barrow.

2. To determine or clearly exhibit the boundaries of; to mark the
limits of; as, to define the extent of a kingdom or country.

3. To determine with precision; to mark out with distinctness; to
ascertain or exhibit clearly; as, the defining power of an optical
instrument.
Rings . . . very distinct and well defined. Sir I. Newton.

4. To determine the precise signification of; to fix the meaning of;
to describe accurately; to explain; to expound or interpret; as, to
define a word, a phrase, or a scientific term.
They define virtue to be life ordered according to nature. Robynson
(More's Utopia).

DEFINE
De*fine", v. i.

Defn: To determine; to decide. [Obs.]

DEFINEMENT
De*fine"ment, n.

Defn: The act of defining; definition; description. [Obs.] Shak.

DEFINER
De*fin"er, n.

Defn: One who defines or explains.

DEFINITE
Def"i*nite, a. Etym: [L. definitis, p. p. of definire: cf. F. défini.
See Define.]

1. Having certain or distinct; determinate in extent or greatness;
limited; fixed; as, definite dimensions; a definite measure; a
definite period or interval.
Elements combine in definite proportions. Whewell.

2. Having certain limits in signification; determinate; certain;
precise; fixed; exact; clear; as, a definite word, term, or
expression.

3. Determined; resolved. [Obs.] Shak.

4. Serving to define or restrict; limiting; determining; as, the
definite article. Definite article (Gram.), the article the, which is
used to designate a particular person or thing, or a particular class
of persons or things; -- also called a definitive. See Definitive, n.
 -- Definite inflorescence. (Bot.) See Determinate inflorescence,
under Determinate.
 -- Law of definite proportions (Chem.), the essential law of
chemical combination that every definite compound always contains the
same elements in the same proportions by weight; and, if two or more
elements form more than one compound with each other, the relative
proportions of each are fixed. Compare Law of multiple proportions,
under Multiple.

DEFINITE
Def"i*nite, n.

Defn: A thing defined or determined. [Obs.]

DEFINITELY
Def"i*nite*ly, adv.

Defn: In a definite manner; with precision; precisely; determinately.

DEFINITENESS
Def"i*nite*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being definite; determinateness; precision;
certainty.

DEFINITION
Def`i*ni"tion, n. Etym: [L. definitio: cf. F. définition.]

1. The act of defining; determination of the limits; as, the
telescope accurate in definition.

2. Act of ascertaining and explaining the signification; a
description of a thing by its properties; an explanation of the
meaning of a word or term; as, the definition of "circle;" the
definition of "wit;" an exact definition; a loose definition.
Definition being nothing but making another understand by words what
the term defined stands for. Locke.

3. Description; sort. [R.] "A new creature of another definition."
Jer. Taylor.

4. (Logic)

Defn: An exact enunciation of the constituents which make up the
logical essence.

5. (Opt.)

Defn: Distinctness or clearness, as of an image formed by an optical
instrument; precision in detail.

Syn.
 -- Definition, Explanation, Description. A definition is designed to
settle a thing in its compass and extent; an explanation is intended
to remove some obscurity or misunderstanding, and is therefore more
extended and minute; a description enters into striking particulars
with a view to interest or impress by graphic effect. It is not
therefore true, though often said, that description is only an
extended definition. "Logicians distinguish definitions into
essential and accidental. An essential definition states what are
regarded as the constituent parts of the essence of that which is to
be defined; and an accidental definition lays down what are regarded
as circumstances belonging to it, viz., properties or accidents, such
as causes, effects, etc." Whately.

DEFINITIONAL
Def`i*ni"tion*al, a.

Defn: Relating to definition; of the nature of a definition; employed
in defining.

DEFINITIVE
De*fin"i*tive, a. Etym: [L. definitivus: cf. F. définitif.]

1. Determinate; positive; final; conclusive; unconditional; express.
A strict and definitive truth. Sir T. Browne.
Some definitive . . . scheme of reconciliation. Prescott.

2. Limiting; determining; as, a definitive word.

3. Determined; resolved. [Obs.] Shak.

DEFINITIVE
De*fin"i*tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: A word used to define or limit the extent of the signification
of a common noun, such as the definite article, and some pronouns.

Note: Definitives . . . are commonly called by grammarians articles.
. . . They are of two kinds, either those properly and strictly so
called, or else pronominal articles, such as this, that, any, other,
some, all, no, none, etc. Harris (Hermes).

DEFINITIVELY
De*fin"i*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a definitive manner.

DEFINITIVENESS
De*fin"i*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being definitive.

DEFINITUDE
De*fin"i*tude, n.

Defn: Definiteness. [R.]
Definitude . . . is a knowledge of minute differences. Sir W.
Hamilton.

DEFIX
De*fix", v. t. Etym: [L. defixus, p. p. of defigere to fix; de- +
figere to fix.]

Defn: To fix; to fasten; to establish. [Obs.] "To defix their
princely seat . . . in that extreme province." Hakluyt.

DEFLAGRABILITY
Def`la*gra*bil"i*ty, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The state or quality of being deflagrable.
The ready deflagrability . . . of saltpeter. Boyle.

DEFLAGRABLE
De*fla"gra*ble, a. Etym: [See Deflagrate.] (Chem.)

Defn: Burning with a sudden and sparkling combustion, as niter;
hence, slightly explosive; liable to snap and crackle when heated, as
salt.

DEFLAGRATE
Def"la*grate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Deflagrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Deflagrating.] Etym: [L. deflagratus, p. p. of deflagrare to burn up;
de- + flagrare to flame, burn.] (Chem.)

Defn: To burn with a sudden and sparkling combustion, as niter; also,
to snap and crackle with slight explosions when heated, as salt.

DEFLAGRATE
Def"la*grate, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To cause to burn with sudden and sparkling combustion, as by
the action of intense heat; to burn or vaporize suddenly; as, to
deflagrate refractory metals in the oxyhydrogen flame.

DEFLAGRATION
Def`la*gra"tion, n. Etym: [L. deflagratio: cf. F. déflagration.]

1. A burning up; conflagration. "Innumerable deluges and
deflagrations." Bp. Pearson.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of deflagrating.

DEFLAGRATOR
Def"la*gra`tor, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A form of the voltaic battery having large plates, used for
producing rapid and powerful combustion.

DEFLATE
De*flate", v. t. Etym: [Pref. de- down + L. flare, flatus to blow.]

Defn: To reduce from an inflated condition.

DEFLECT
De*flect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deflected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Deflecting.] Etym: [L. deflectere; de- + flectere to bend or turn.
See Flexible.]

Defn: To cause to turn aside; to bend; as, rays of light are often
deflected.
Sitting with their knees deflected under them. Lord (1630).

DEFLECT
De*flect", v. i.

Defn: To turn aside; to deviate from a right or a horizontal line, or
from a proper position, course or direction; to swerve.
At some part of the Azores, the needle deflecteth not, but lieth in
the true meridian. Sir T. Browne.
To deflect from the line of truth and reason. Warburton.

DEFLECTABLE
De*flect"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being deflected.

DEFLECTED
De*flect"ed, a.

1. Turned aside; deviating from a direct line or course.

2. Bent downward; deflexed.

DEFLECTION
De*flec"tion, n. Etym: [L. deflexio, fr. deflectere: cf. F.
déflexion.]

1. The act of turning aside, or state of being turned aside; a
turning from a right line or proper course; a bending, esp. downward;
deviation.
The other leads to the same point, through certain deflections.
Lowth.

2. (Gunnery)

Defn: The deviation of a shot or ball from its true course.

3. (Opt.)

Defn: A deviation of the rays of light toward the surface of an
opaque body; inflection; diffraction.

4. (Engin.)

Defn: The bending which a beam or girder undergoes from its own
weight or by reason of a load.

DEFLECTIONIZATION
De*flec`tion*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of freeing from inflections. Earle.

DEFLECTIONIZE
De*flec"tion*ize, v. t.

Defn: To free from inflections.
Deflectionized languages are said to be analytic. Earle.

DEFLECTIVE
De*flect"ive, a.

Defn: Causing deflection. Deflective forces, forces that cause a body
to deviate from its course.

DEFLECTOR
De*flect"or, n. (Mech.)

Defn: That which deflects, as a diaphragm in a furnace, or a come in
a lamp (to deflect and mingle air and gases and help combustion).

DEFLEXED
De*flexed", a.

Defn: Bent abruptly downward.

DEFLEXION
De*flex"ion, n.

Defn: See Deflection.

DEFLEXURE
De*flex"ure, n. Etym: [From L. deflectere, deflexum. See Deflect.]

Defn: A bending or turning aside; deflection. Bailey.

DEFLORATE
De*flo"rate, a. Etym: [LL. defloratus, p. p. of deflorare. See
Deflour.] (Bot.)

Defn: Past the flowering state; having shed its pollen. Gray.

DEFLORATION
Def`lo*ra"tion, n. Etym: [LL. defloratio: cf. F. défloration.]

1. The act of deflouring; as, the defloration if a virgin. Johnson.

2. That which is chosen as the flower or choicest part; careful
culling or selection. [R.]
The laws of Normandy are, in a great measure, the defloration of the
English laws. Sir M. Hale.

DEFLOUR
De*flour", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defloured; p. pr. & vb. n.
Deflouring.] Etym: [F. déflorer, LL. deflorare; L. de- + flos,
floris, flower. See Flower, and cf. Deflorate.]

1. To deprive of flowers.

2. To take away the prime beauty and grace of; to rob of the choicest
ornament.
He died innocent and before the sweetness of his soul was defloured
and ravished from him. Jer. Taylor.

3. To deprive of virginity, as a woman; to violate; to ravish; also,
to seduce.

DEFLOURER
De*flour"er, n.

Defn: One who deflours; a ravisher.

DEFLOW
De*flow", v. i. Etym: [Pref. de- + flow: cf. L. defluere.]

Defn: To flow down. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

DEFLOWER
De*flow"er, v. t. Etym: [Pref. de- + flower.]

Defn: Same as Deflour.
An earthquake . . . deflowering the gardens. W. Montagu.
If a man had deflowered a virgin. Milton.

DEFLOWERER
De*flow"er*er, n.

Defn: See Deflourer. Milton.

DEFLUOUS
Def"lu*ous, a. Etym: [L. defluus, fr. defluere to flow down; de- +
fluere to flow.]

Defn: Flowing down; falling off. [Obs.] Bailey.

DEFLUX
De*flux", n. Etym: [L. defluxus, fr. defluere, defluxum.]

Defn: Downward flow. [Obs.] Bacon.

DEFLUXION
De*flux"ion, n. Etym: [L. defluxio.] (Med.)

Defn: A discharge or flowing of humors or fluid matter, as from the
nose in catarrh; -- sometimes used synonymously with inflammation.
Dunglison.

DEFLY
Def"ly, adv.

Defn: Deftly. [Obs.] Spenser.

DEFOEDATION
Def`oe*da"tion, n.

Defn: Defedation. [Obs.]

DEFOLIATE; DEFOLIATED
De*fo"li*ate, De*fo"li*a`ted. a.

Defn: Deprived of leaves, as by their natural fall.

DEFOLIATION
De*fo`li*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. defoliare, defoliatum, to shed leaves;
L. de- + folium leaf: cf. F. défoliation.]

Defn: The separation of ripened leaves from a branch or stem; the
falling or shedding of the leaves.

DEFORCE
De*force", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deforced; p. pr. & vb. n. Deforcing.]
Etym: [OF. deforcier; de- or des- (L. de or dis-) + forcier, F.
forcer. See Force, v.] (Law)
(a) To keep from the rightful owner; to withhold wrongfully the
possession of, as of lands or a freehold.
(b) (Scots Law) To resist the execution of the law; to oppose by
force, as an officer in the execution of his duty. Burrill.

DEFORCEMENT
De*force"ment, n. Etym: [OF.] (Law)
(a) A keeping out by force or wrong; a wrongful withholding, as of
lands or tenements, to which another has a right.
(b) (Scots Law) Resistance to an officer in the execution of law.
Burrill.

DEFORCEOR
De*force"or, n.

Defn: Same as Deforciant. [Obs.]

DEFORCIANT
De*for"ciant, n. Etym: [OF. deforciant, p. pr. of deforcier. See
Deforce.] (Eng. Law)
(a) One who keeps out of possession the rightful owner of an estate.
(b) One against whom a fictitious action of fine was brought. [Obs.]
Burrill.

DEFORCIATION
De*for`ci*a"tion, n. (Law)

Defn: Same as Deforcement, n.

DEFOREST
De*for"est, v. t.

Defn: To clear of forests; to dis U. S. Agric. Reports.

DEFORM
De*form", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deformed; p. pr. & vb. n. Deforming.]
Etym: [L. deformare; de- + formare to form, shape, fr. forma: cf. F.
déformer. See Form.]

1. To spoil the form of; to mar in form; to misshape; to disfigure.
Deformed, unfinished, sent before my time Into this breathing world.
Shak.

2. To render displeasing; to deprive of comeliness, grace, or
perfection; to dishonor.
Above those passions that this world deform. Thomson.

DEFORM
De*form", a. Etym: [L. deformis; de- + forma form: cf. OF. deforme,
F. difforme. Cf. Difform.]

Defn: Deformed; misshapen; shapeless; horrid. [Obs.]
Sight so deform what heart of rock could long Dry-eyed behold Milton.

DEFORMATION
Def`or*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. deformatio: cf. F. déformation.]

1. The act of deforming, or state of anything deformed. Bp. Hall.

2. Transformation; change of shape.

DEFORMED
De*formed", a.

Defn: Unnatural or distorted in form; having a deformity; misshapen;
disfigured; as, a deformed person; a deformed head.
 -- De*form"ed*ly, adv.
 -- De*form"ed*ness, n.

DEFORMER
De*form"er, n.

Defn: One who deforms.

DEFORMITY
De*form"i*ty, n.; pl. Deformities. Etym: [L. deformitas, fr.
deformis: cf. OF. deformeté, deformité, F. difformité. See Deform, v.
& a., and cf. Disformity.]

1. The state of being deformed; want of proper form or symmetry; any
unnatural form or shape; distortion; irregularity of shape or
features; ugliness.
To make an envious mountain on my back, Where sits deformity to mock
my body. Shak.

2. Anything that destroys beauty, grace, or propriety; irregularity;
absurdity; gross deviation from other or the established laws of
propriety; as, deformity in an edifice; deformity of character.
Confounded, that her Maker's eyes Should look so near upon her foul
deformities. Milton.

DEFORSER
De*fors"er, n. Etym: [From Deforce.] Etym: [Written also deforsor.]

Defn: A deforciant. [Obs.] Blount.

DEFOUL
De*foul", v. t. Etym: [See Defile, v. t.]

1. To tread down. [Obs.] Wyclif.

2. To make foul; to defile. [Obs.] Wyclif.

DEFRAUD
De*fraud", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defrauded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Defrauding.] Etym: [L. defraudare; de- + fraudare to cheat, fr.
fraus, fraudis, fraud: cf. OF. defrauder. See Fraud.]

Defn: To deprive of some right, interest, or property, by a deceitful
device; to withhold from wrongfully; to injure by embezzlement; to
cheat; to overreach; as, to defraud a servant, or a creditor, or the
state; -- with of before the thing taken or withheld.
We have defrauded no man. 2 Cor. vii. 2.
Churches seem injured and defrauded of their rights. Hooker.

DEFRAUDATION
De`frau*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. defraudatio: cf. F. défraudation.]

Defn: The act of defrauding; a taking by fraud. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

DEFRAUDER
De*fraud"er, n.

Defn: One who defrauds; a cheat; an embezzler; a peculator.

DEFRAUDMENT
De*fraud"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. defraudement.]

Defn: Privation by fraud; defrauding. [Obs.] Milton.

DEFRAY
De*fray", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defrayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Defraying.]
Etym: [F. défrayer; pref. dé- (L. de or dis-) + frais expense, fr.
LL. fredum, fridum, expense, fine by which an offender obtained peace
from his sovereign, or more likely, atoned for an offense against the
public peace, fr. OHG. fridu peace, G. friede. See Affray.]

1. To pay or discharge; to serve in payment of; to provide for, as a
charge, debt, expenses, costs, etc.
For the discharge of his expenses, and defraying his cost, he allowed
him . . . four times as much. Usher.

2. To avert or appease, as by paying off; to satisfy; as, to defray
wrath. [Obs.] Spenser.

DEFRAYAL
De*fray"al, n.

Defn: The act of defraying; payment; as, the defrayal of necessary
costs.

DEFRAYER
De*fray"er, n.

Defn: One who pays off expenses.

DEFRAYMENT
De*fray"ment, n.

Defn: Payment of charges.

DEFT
Deft, a. Etym: [OE. daft, deft, becoming, mild, gentle, stupid (cf.
OE. daffe, deffe, fool, coward), AS. dæft (in derivatives only) mild,
gentle, fitting, seasonable; akin to dafen, gedafen, becoming, fit,
Goth. gadaban to be fit. Cf. Daft, Daff, Dapper.]

Defn: Apt; fit; dexterous; clever; handy; spruce; neat. [Archaic or
Poetic] "The deftest way." Shak. "Deftest feats." Gay.
The limping god, do deft at his new ministry. Dryden.
Let me be deft and debonair. Byron.

DEFTLY
Deft"ly, adv. Etym: [Cf. Defly.]

Defn: Aptly; fitly; dexterously; neatly. "Deftly dancing." Drayton.
Thyself and office deftly show. Shak.

DEFTNESS
Deft"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being deft. Drayton.

DEFUNCT
De*funct". a. Etym: [L. defunctus, p. p. of defungi to acquit one's
self of, to perform, finish, depart, die; de + fungi to perform,
discharge: cf. F. défunt. See Function.]

Defn: Having finished the course of life; dead; deceased. "Defunct
organs." Shak.
The boar, defunct, lay tripped up, near. Byron.

DEFUNCT
De*funct", n.

Defn: A dead person; one deceased.

DEFUNCTION
De*func"tion, n. Etym: [L. defunctio performance, death.]

Defn: Death. [Obs.]
After defunction of King Pharamond. Shak.

DEFUNCTIVE
De*func"tive, a.

Defn: Funereal. [Obs.] "Defunctive music." Shak.

DEFUSE
De*fuse", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Diffuse.]

Defn: To disorder; to make shapeless. [Obs.] Shak.

DEFY
De*fy", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defied; p. pr. & vb. n. Defying.] Etym:
[F. défier, OF. deffier, desfier, LL. disfidare to disown faith or
fidelity, to dissolve the bond of allegiance, as between the vassal
and his lord; hence, to challenge, defy; fr. L. dis- + fides faith.
See Faith, and cf. Diffident, Affiance.]

1. To renounce or dissolve all bonds of affiance, faith, or
obligation with; to reject, refuse, or renounce. [Obs.]
I defy the surety and the bond. Chaucer.
For thee I have defied my constant mistress. Beau. & Fl.

2. To provoke to combat or strife; to call out to combat; to
challenge; to dare; to brave; to set at defiance; to treat with
contempt; as, to defy an enemy; to defy the power of a magistrate; to
defy the arguments of an opponent; to defy public opinion.
I once again Defy thee to the trial of mortal fight. Milton.
I defy the enemies of our constitution to show the contrary. Burke.

DEFY
De*fy", n.

Defn: A challenge. [Obs.] Dryden.

DEGAGE
Dé`ga`gé", a. [F., p. p. of dégager to disengage. See De-, lst Gage,
and cf. Disgage.]

Defn: Unconstrained; easy; free. Vanbrugh.

A graceful and dégagé manner.
Poe.

DEGARNISH
De*gar"nish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Degarnished; p. pr. & vb. n.
Degarnishing.] Etym: [F. dégarnir; pref. dé-, des- (L. dis-) + garnir
to furnish. See Garnish, and cf. Disgarnish.]

1. To strip or deprive of entirely, as of furniture, ornaments, etc.;
to disgarnish; as, to degarnish a house, etc. [R.]

2. To deprive of a garrison, or of troops necessary for defense; as,
to degarnish a city or fort. [R.] Washington.

DEGARNISHMENT
De*gar"nish*ment, n.

Defn: The act of depriving, as of furniture, apparatus, or a
garrison. [R.]

DEGENDER; DEGENER
De*gen"der, De*gen"er, v. i. Etym: [See Degenerate.]

Defn: To degenerate. [Obs.] "Degendering to hate." Spenser.
He degenereth into beastliness. Joye.

DEGENERACY
De*gen"er*a*cy, n. Etym: [From Degenerate, a.]

1. The act of becoming degenerate; a growing worse.
Willful degeneracy from goodness. Tillotson.

2. The state of having become degenerate; decline in good qualities;
deterioration; meanness.
Degeneracy of spirit in a state of slavery. Addison.
To recover mankind out of their universal corruption and degeneracy.
S. Clarke.

DEGENERATE
De*gen"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. degeneratus, p. p. of degenerare to
degenerate, cause to degenerate, fr. degener base, degenerate, that
departs from its race or kind; de- + genus race, kind. See Kin
relationship.]

Defn: Having become worse than one's kind, or one's former state;
having declined in worth; having lost in goodness; deteriorated;
degraded; unworthy; base; low.
Faint-hearted and degenerate king. Shak.
A degenerate and degraded state. Milton.
Degenerate from their ancient blood. Swift.
These degenerate days. Pope.
I had planted thee a noble vine . . . : how then art thou turned into
the degenerate plant of a strange vine unto me Jer. ii. 21.

DEGENERATE
De*gen"er*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Degenerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Degenerating.]

1. To be or grow worse than one's kind, or than one was originally;
hence, to be inferior; to grow poorer, meaner, or more vicious; to
decline in good qualities; to deteriorate.
When wit transgresseth decency, it degenerates into insolence and
impiety. Tillotson.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: To fall off from the normal quality or the healthy structure of
its kind; to become of a lower type.

DEGENERATELY
De*gen"er*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a degenerate manner; unworthily.

DEGENERATENESS
De*gen"er*ate*ness, n.

Defn: Degeneracy.

DEGENERATION
De*gen`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dégénération.]

1. The act or state of growing worse, or the state of having become
worse; decline; degradation; debasement; degeneracy; deterioration.
Our degeneration and apostasy. Bates.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: That condition of a tissue or an organ in which its vitality
has become either diminished or perverted; a substitution of a lower
for a higher form of structure; as, fatty degeneration of the liver.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: A gradual deterioration, from natural causes, of any class of
animals or plants or any particular or organs; hereditary degradation
of type.

4. The thing degenerated. [R.]
Cockle, aracus, . . . and other degenerations. Sir T. Browne.
Amyloid degeneration, Caseous degeneration, etc. See under Amyloid,
Caseous, etc.

DEGENERATIONIST
De*gen`er*a"tion*ist, n. (Biol.)

Defn: A believer in the theory of degeneration, or hereditary
degradation of type; as, the degenerationists hold that savagery is
the result of degeneration from a superior state.

DEGENERATIVE
De*gen"er*a*tive, a.

Defn: Undergoing or producing degeneration; tending to degenerate.

DEGENEROUS
De*gen"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. degener. See Degenerate.]

Defn: Degenerate; base. [Obs.] "Degenerous passions." Dryden.
"Degenerous practices." South.

DEGENEROUSLY
De*gen"er*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Basely. [Obs.]

DEGERM
De*germ", v. t. (Milling)

Defn: To extract the germs from, as from wheat grains.

DEGERMINATOR
De*ger"mi*na`tor, n. (Milling)

Defn: A machine for breaking open the kernels of wheat or other grain
and removing the germs.

DEGLAZE
De*glaze", v. t.

Defn: To remove the glaze from, as pottery or porcelain, so as to
give a dull finish.

DEGLAZING
De*glaz"ing, n.

Defn: The process of giving a dull or ground surface to glass by acid
or by mechanical means. Knight.

DEGLORIED
De*glo"ried, a.

Defn: Deprived of glory; dishonored. [Obs.] "With thorns degloried."
G. Fletcher.

DEGLUTINATE
De*glu"ti*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deglutinated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Deglutinating.] Etym: [L. deglutinatus, p. p. of deglutinare to
deglutinate; de- + glutinare to glue, gluten glue.]

Defn: To loosen or separate by dissolving the glue which unties; to
unglue.

DEGLUTINATION
De*glu`ti*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act of ungluing.

DEGLUTITION
Deg`lu*ti"tion, n. Etym: [L. deglutire to swallow down; de- + glutire
to swallow: cf. F. déglutition. See Glut.]

Defn: The act or process of swallowing food; the power of swallowing.
The muscles employed in the act of deglutition. Paley.

DEGLUTITIOUS
Deg`lu*ti"tious, a.

Defn: Pertaining to deglutition. [R.]

DEGLUTITORY
De*glu"ti*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving for, or aiding in, deglutition.

DEGRADATION
Deg`ra*da"tion, n. Etym: [LL. degradatio, from degradare: cf. F.
dégradation. See Degrade.]

1. The act of reducing in rank, character, or reputation, or of
abasing; a lowering from one's standing or rank in office or society;
diminution; as, the degradation of a peer, a knight, a general, or a
bishop.
He saw many removes and degradations in all the other offices of
which he had been possessed. Clarendon.

2. The state of being reduced in rank, character, or reputation;
baseness; moral, physical, or intellectual degeneracy; disgrace;
abasement; debasement.
The . . . degradation of a needy man of letters. Macaulay.
Deplorable is the degradation of our nature. South.
Moments there frequently must be, when a sidegradation of his state.
Blair.

3. Diminution or reduction of strength, efficacy, or value;
degeneration; deterioration.
The development and degradation of the alphabetic forms can be
traced. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

4. (Geol.)

Defn: A gradual wearing down or wasting, as of rocks and banks, by
the action of water, fro

5. (Biol.)

Defn: The state or condition of a species or group which exhibits
degraded forms; degeneration.
The degradation of the species man is observed in some of its
varieties. Dana.

6. (Physiol.)

Defn: Arrest of development, or degeneration of any organ, or of the
body as a whole. Degradation of energy, or Dissipation of energy
(Physics), the transformation of energy into some form in which it is
less available for doing work.

Syn.
 -- Abasement; debasement; reduction; decline.

DEGRADE
De*grade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Degraded; p. pr. & vb. n. Degrading.]
Etym: [F. dégrader, LL. degradare, fr. L. de- + gradus step, degree.
See Grade, and cf. Degree.]

1. To reduce from a higher to a lower rank or degree; to lower in
rank' to deprive of office or dignity; to strip of honors; as, to
degrade a nobleman, or a general officer.
Prynne was sentenced by the Star Chamber Court to be degraded from
the bar. Palfrey.

2. To reduce in estimation, character, or reputation; to lessen the
value of; to lower the physical, moral, or intellectual character of;
to debase; to bring shame or contempt upon; to disgrace; as, vice
degrades a man.
O miserable mankind, to what fall Degraded, to what wretched state
reserved! Milton.
He pride . . . struggled hard against this degrading passion.
Macaulay.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: To reduce in altitude or magnitude, as hills and mountains; to
wear down.

Syn.
 -- To abase; demean; lower; reduce. See Abase.

DEGRADE
De*grade", v. i. (Biol.)

Defn: To degenerate; to pass from a higher to a lower type of
structure; as, a family of plants or animals degrades through this or
that genus or group of genera.

DEGRADED
De*grad"ed, a.

1. Reduced in rank, character, or reputation; debased; sunken; low;
base.
The Netherlands . . . were reduced practically to a very degraded
condition. Motley.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Having the typical characters or organs in a partially
developed condition, or lacking certain parts.
Some families of plants are degraded dicotyledons. Dana.

3. Etym: [Cf. F. degré step.] (Her.)

Defn: Having steps; -- said of a cross each of whose extremities
finishes in steps growing larger as they leave the center; -- termed
also on degrees.

DEGRADEMENT
De*grade"ment, n.

Defn: Deprivation of rank or office; degradation. [R.] Milton.

DEGRADINGLY
De*grad"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a degrading manner.

DEGRAS; DEGRAS
Dé`gras", Deg"ras, n. [F.; cf. F. gras, a. & n., fat.]

Defn: A semisolid emulsion produced by the treatment of certain skins
with oxidized fish oil, which extracts their soluble albuminoids. It
was formerly solely a by-product of chamois leather manufacture, but
is now made for its own sake, being valuable as a dressing for hides.

DEGRAVATION
Deg`ra*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. degravare, degravatum, to make heavy.
See Grave, a.]

Defn: The act of making heavy. [Obs.] Bailey.

DEGREASE
De*grease", v. t.

Defn: To remove grease or fatty matter from, as wool or silk.

DEGREE
De*gree", n. Etym: [F. degré, OF. degret, fr. LL. degradare. See
Degrade.]

1. A step, stair, or staircase. [Obs.]
By ladders, or else by degree. Rom. of R.

2. One of a series of progressive steps upward or downward, in
quality, rank, acquirement, and the like; a stage in progression;
grade; gradation; as, degrees of vice and virtue; to advance by slow
degrees; degree of comparison.

3. The point or step of progression to which a person has arrived;
rank or station in life; position. "A dame of high degree." Dryden.
"A knight is your degree." Shak. "Lord or lady of high degree."
Lowell.

4. Measure of advancement; quality; extent; as, tastes differ in kind
as well as in degree.
The degree of excellence which proclaims genius, is different in
different times and different places. Sir. J. Reynolds.

5. Grade or rank to which scholars are admitted by a college or
university, in recognition of their attainments; as, the degree of
bachelor of arts, master, doctor, etc.

Note: In the United States diplomas are usually given as the evidence
of a degree conferred. In the humanities the first degree is that of
bachelor of arts (B. A. or A. B.); the second that of master of arts
(M. A. or A. M.). The degree of bachelor (of arts, science, divinity,
law, etc.) is conferred upon those who complete a prescribed course
of undergraduate study. The first degree in medicine is that of
doctor of medicine (M. D.). The degrees of master and doctor are
sometimes conferred, in course, upon those who have completed certain
prescribed postgraduate studies, as doctor of philosophy (Ph. D.);
but more frequently the degree of doctor is conferred as a
complimentary recognition of eminent services in science or letters,
or for public services or distinction (as doctor of laws (LL. D.) or
doctor of divinity (D. D.), when they are called honorary degrees.
The youth attained his bachelor's degree, and left the university.
Macaulay.

5. (Genealogy)

Defn: A certain distance or remove in the line of descent,
determining the proximity of blood; one remove in the chain of
relationship; as, a relation in the third or fourth degree.
In the 11th century an opinion began to gain ground in Italy, that
third cousins might marry, being in the seventh degree according to
the civil law. Hallam.

7. (Arith.)

Defn: Three figures taken together in numeration; thus, 140 is one
degree, 222,140 two degrees.

8. (Algebra)

Defn: State as indicated by sum of exponents; more particularly, the
degree of a term is indicated by the sum of the exponents of its
literal factors; thus, a2b2c is a term of the sixth degree. The
degree of a power, or radical, is denoted by its index, that of an
equation by the greatest sum of the exponents of the unknown
quantities in any term; thus, ax4 + bx2 = c, and mx2y2 + nyx = p, are
both equations of the fourth degree.

9. (Trig.)

Defn: A 360th part of the circumference of a circle, which part is
taken as the principal unit of measure for arcs and angles. The
degree is divided into 60 minutes and the minute into 60 seconds.

10. A division, space, or interval, marked on a mathematical or other
instrument, as on a thermometer.

11. (Mus.)

Defn: A line or space of the staff.

Note: The short lines and their spaces are added degrees.
Accumulation of degrees. (Eng. Univ.) See under Accumulation.
 -- By degrees, step by step; by little and little; by moderate
advances. "I 'll leave by degrees." Shak.
 -- Degree of a curve or surface (Geom.), the number which expresses
the degree of the equation of the curve or surface in rectilinear
coördinates. A straight line will, in general, meet the curve or
surface in a number of points equal to the degree of the curve or
surface and no more.
 -- Degree of latitude (Geog.), on the earth, the distance on a
meridian between two parallels of latitude whose latitudes differ
from each other by one degree. This distance is not the same on
different parts of a meridian, on account of the flattened figure of
the earth, being 68.702 statute miles at the equator, and 69.396 at
the poles.
 -- Degree of longitude, the distance on a parallel of latitude
between two meridians that make an angle of one degree with each
other at the poles -- a distance which varies as the cosine of the
latitude, being at the equator 69.16 statute miles.
 -- To a degree, to an extreme; exceedingly; as, mendacious to a
degree.
It has been said that Scotsmen . . . are . . . grave to a degree on
occasions when races more favored by nature are gladsome to excess.
Prof. Wilson.

DEGU
De"gu, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American rodent (Octodon Cumingii), of the family
Octodontidæ.

DEGUM
De*gum", v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Degummed; p. pr. & vb. n. Degumming.]

Defn: To deprive of, or free from, gum; as, to degum ramie.

DEGUST
De*gust", v. t. Etym: [L. degustare: cf. F. déguster. See Gust to
taste.]

Defn: To taste. [Obs.] Cockeram.

DEGUSTATION
Deg`us*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. degustatio: cf. F. dégustation.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: Tasting; the appreciation of sapid qualities by the taste
organs. Bp. Hall.

DEHISCE
De*hisce", v. i. Etym: [L. dehiscere; de- + hiscere to gape.]

Defn: To gape; to open by dehiscence.

DEHISCENCE
De*his"cence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. déhiscence.]

1. The act of gaping.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A gaping or bursting open along a definite line of attachment
or suture, without tearing, as in the opening of pods, or the
bursting of capsules at maturity so as to emit seeds, etc.; also, the
bursting open of follicles, as in the ovaries of animals, for the
expulsion of their contents.

DEHISCENT
De*his"cent, a. Etym: [L. dehiscens, -entis, p. pr. Cf. F.
déhiscent.]

Defn: Characterized by dehiscence; opening in some definite way, as
the capsule of a plant.

DEHONESTATE
De`ho*nes"tate, v. t. Etym: [L. dehonestatus, p. p. of dehonestare to
dishonor; de- + honestare to make honorable. Cf. Dishonest, and see
Honest.]

Defn: To disparage. [Obs.]

DEHONESTATION
De*hon`es*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. dehonestatio.]

Defn: A dishonoring; disgracing. [Obs.] Gauden.

DEHORN
De*horn", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dehorned; p. pr. & vb. n. Dehorning.]

Defn: To deprive of horns; to prevent the growth or the horns of
(cattle) by burning their ends soon after they start. See Dishorn.
"Dehorning cattle." Farm Journal (1886).

DEHORS
De*hors", prep. Etym: [F., outside.] (Law)

Defn: Out of; without; foreign to; out of the agreement, record,
will, or other instrument.

DEHORS
De*hors", n. (Mil.)

Defn: All sorts of outworks in general, at a distance from the main
works; any advanced works for protection or cover. Farrow.

DEHORT
De*hort", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dehorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Dehorting.]
Etym: [L. dehortari; de- + hortari to urge, exhort.]

Defn: To urge to abstain or refrain; to dissuade. [Obs.]
The apostles vehemently dehort us from unbelief. Bp. Ward.
"Exhort" remains, but dehort, a word whose place neither "dissuade"
nor any other exactly supplies, has escaped us. Trench.

DEHORTATION
De`hor*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. dehortatio.]

Defn: Dissuasion; advice against something. [R.]

DEHORTATIVE
De*hort"a*tive, a.

Defn: Dissuasive. [R.]

DEHORTATORY
De*hort"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. dehortatorius.]

Defn: Fitted or designed to dehort or dissuade. Bp. Hall.

DEHORTER
De*hort"er, n.

Defn: A dissuader; an adviser to the contrary. [Obs.]

DEHUMANIZE
De*hu"man*ize, v. t.

Defn: To divest of human qualities, such as pity, tenderness, etc.;
as, dehumanizing influences.

DEHUSK
De*husk", v. t.

Defn: To remove the husk from. [Obs.] "Wheat dehusked upon the
floor." Drant.

DEHYDRATE
De*hy"drate, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To deprive of water; to render free from water; as, to
dehydrate alcohol.

DEHYDRATION
De`hy*dra"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of freeing from water; also, the condition
of a body from which the water has been removed.

DEHYDROGENATE
De*hy"dro*gen*ate, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To deprive of, or free from, hydrogen.

DEHYDROGENATION
De*hy`dro*gen*a"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process or freeing from hydrogen; also, the
condition resulting from the removal of hydrogen.

DEICIDE
De"i*cide, n. Etym: [L. deicida a deicide (in sense 2); deus god +
cædere to cut, kill: cf. F. déicide.]

1. The act of killing a being of a divine nature; particularly, the
putting to death of Jesus Christ. [R.]
Earth profaned, yet blessed, with deicide. Prior.

2. One concerned in putting Christ to death.

DEICTIC
Deic"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Logic)

Defn: Direct; proving directly; -- applied to reasoning, and opposed
to elenchtic or refutative.

DEICTICALLY
Deic"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner to show or point out; directly; absolutely;
definitely.
When Christ spake it deictically. Hammond.

DEIFIC; DEIFICAL
De*if"ic, De*if"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. deificus; deus god + facere to
make: cf. F. déifigue.]

Defn: Making divine; producing a likeness to God; god-making. "A
deifical communion." Homilies.

DEIFICATION
De`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [LL. deificare to deify: cf. F.
déification. See Deify.]

Defn: The act of deifying; exaltation to divine honors; apotheosis;
excessive praise.

DEIFIED
De"i*fied, a.

Defn: Honored or worshiped as a deity; treated with supreme regard;
godlike.

DEIFIER
De"i*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who deifies.

DEIFORM
De"i*form, a. Etym: [L. deus a god + -form.]

1. Godlike, or of a godlike form. Dr. H. More.

2. Conformable to the will of God. [R.] Bp. Burnet.

DEIFORMITY
De`i*for"mi*ty, n.

Defn: Likeness to deity. [Obs.]

DEIFY
De"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deified; p. pr. & vb. n. Deifying.]
Etym: [F. déifier, LL. deificare, fr. L. deificus. See Deific, Deity,
-fy.]

1. To make a god of; to exalt to the rank of a deity; to enroll among
the deities; to apotheosize; as, Julius Cæsar was deified.

2. To praise or revere as a deity; to treat as an object of supreme
regard; as, to deify money.
He did again to extol and deify the pope. Bacon.

3. To render godlike.
By our own spirits are we deified. Wordsworth.

DEIGN
Deign, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deigned; p. pr. & vb. n. Deigning.] Etym:
[OE. deinen, deignen, OF. degner, deigner, daigner, F. daigner, fr.
L. dignari to deem worthy, deign, fr. dignus worthy; akin to decere
to be fitting. See Decent, and cf. Dainty, Dignity, Condign,
Disdain.]

1. To esteem worthy; to consider worth notice; -- opposed to disdain.
[Obs.]
I fear my Julia would not deign my lines. Shak.

2. To condescend to give or bestow; to stoop to furnish; to
vouchsafe; to allow; to grant.
Nor would we deign him burial of his men. Shak.

DEIGN
Deign, v. i.

Defn: To think worthy; to vouchsafe; to condescend; -- followed by an
infinitive.
O deign to visit our forsaken seats. Pope.
Yet not Lord Cranstone deigned she greet. Sir W. Scott.
Round turned he, as not deigning Those craven ranks to see. Macaulay.

Note: In early English deign was often used impersonally.
Him deyneth not to set his foot to ground. Chaucer.

DEIGNOUS
Deign"ous, a. Etym: [For disdeignous, OF. desdeignos, desdaigneus, F.
dédaigneux. See Disdain.]

Defn: Haughty; disdainful. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DEIL
Deil, n.

Defn: Devil; -- spelt also deel. [Scot.] Deil's buckie. See under
Buckie.

DEINOCERAS
Dei*noc"e*ras, n. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)

Defn: See Dinoceras.

DEINORNIS
Dei*nor"nis, n. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)

Defn: See Dinornis.

DEINOSAUR
Dei"no*saur, n. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)

Defn: See Dinosaur.

DEINOTHERIUM
Dei`no*the"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)

Defn: See Dinotherium.

DEINTEGRATE
De*in"te*grate, v. t. Etym: [L. deintegrare to impair; de- +
integrare to make whole.]

Defn: To disintegrate. [Obs.]

DEINTEOUS; DEINTEVOUS
Dein"te*ous, Dein"te*vous, a.

Defn: Rare; excellent; costly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DEIPAROUS
De*ip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. deus a god + parere to bring forth.]

Defn: Bearing or bringing forth a god; -- said of the Virgin Mary.
[Obs.] Bailey.

DEIPNOSOPHIST
Deip*nos"o*phist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One of an ancient sect of philosophers, who cultivated learned
conversation at meals.

DEIS
De"is, n.

Defn: See Dais.

DEISM
De"ism, n. Etym: [L. deus god: cf. F. déisme. See Deity.]

Defn: The doctrine or creed of a deist; the belief or system of those
who acknowledge the existence of one God, but deny revelation.

Note: Deism is the belief in natural religion only, or those truths,
in doctrine and practice, which man is to discover by the light of
reason, independent of any revelation from God. Hence, deism implies
infidelity, or a disbelief in the divine origin of the Scriptures.

DEIST
De"ist, n. Etym: [L. deus god: cf. F. déiste. See Deity.]

Defn: One who believes in the existence of a God, but denies revealed
religion; a freethinker.

Note: A deist, as denying a revelation, is opposed to a Christian;
as, opposed to the denier of a God, whether atheist or patheist, a
deist is generally denominated theist. Latham.

Syn.
 -- See Infidel.

DEISTIC; DEISTICAL
De*is"tic, De*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, savoring of, or consisting in, deism; as, a
deistic writer; a deistical book.
The deistical or antichristian scheme. I. Watts.

DEISTICALLY
De*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: After the manner of deists.

DEISTICALNESS
De*is"tic*al*ness, n.

Defn: State of being deistical.

DEITATE
De"i*tate, a.

Defn: Deified. [Obs.] Granmer.

DEITY
De"i*ty, n.; pl. Deities. Etym: [OE. deite, F. déité, fr. L. deitas,
fr. deus a god; akin to divus divine, Jupiter, gen. Jovis, Jupiter,
dies day, Gr. d divine, as a noun, god, daiva divine, dy sky, day,
hence, the sky personified as a god, and to the first syllable of E.
Tuesday, Gael. & Ir. dia God, W. duw. Cf. Divine, Journey, Journal,
Tuesday.]

1. The collection of attributes which make up the nature of a god;
divinity; godhead; as, the deity of the Supreme Being is seen in his
works.
They declared with emphasis the perfect deity and the perfect manhood
of Christ. Milman.

2. A god or goddess; a heathen god.
To worship calves, the deities
Of Egypt. Milton.
The Deity, God, the Supreme Being.
This great poet and philosopher [Simonides], the more he contemplated
the nature of the Deity, found that he waded but the more out of his
depth. Addison.

DEJECT
De*ject", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dejected; p. pr. & vb. n. Dejecting.]
Etym: [L. dejectus, p. p. of dejicere to throw down; de- + jacere to
throw. See Jet a shooting forth.]

1. To cast down. [Obs. or Archaic]
Christ dejected himself even unto the hells. Udall.
Sometimes she dejects her eyes in a seeming civility; and many
mistake in her a cunning for a modest look. Fuller.

2. To cast down the spirits of; to dispirit; to discourage; to
dishearten.
Nor think, to die dejects my lofty mind. Pope.

DEJECT
De*ject", a. Etym: [L. dejectus, p. p.]

Defn: Dejected. [Obs.]

DEJECTA
De*jec"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., neut. pl. from L. dejectus, p. p.]

Defn: Excrements; as, the dejecta of the sick.

DEJECTED
De*ject"ed, a.

Defn: Cast down; afflicted; low-spirited; sad; as, a dejected look or
countenance.
 -- De*ject"ed*ly, adv.
 -- De*ject"ed*ness, n.

DEJECTER
De*ject"er, n.

Defn: One who casts down, or dejects.

DEJECTION
De*jec"tion, n. Etym: [L. dejectio a casting down: cf. F. déjection.]

1. A casting down; depression. [Obs. or Archaic] Hallywell.

2. The act of humbling or abasing one's self.
Adoration implies submission and dejection. Bp. Pearson.

3. Lowness of spirits occasioned by grief or misfortune; mental
depression; melancholy.
What besides, Of sorrow, and dejection, and despair, Our frailty can
sustain, thy tidings bring. Milton.

4. A low condition; weakness; inability. [R.]
A dejection of appetite. Arbuthnot.

5. (Physiol.)
(a) The discharge of excrement.
(b) Fæces; excrement. Ray.

DEJECTLY
De*ject"ly, adv.

Defn: Dejectedly. [Obs.]

DEJECTORY
De*jec"to*ry, a. Etym: [L. dejector a dejecter.]

1. Having power, or tending, to cast down.

2. Promoting evacuations by stool. Ferrand.

DEJECTURE
De*jec"ture, n.

Defn: That which is voided; excrements. Arbuthnot.

DEJERATE
Dej"er*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. dejeratus, p. p. of dejerare to swear;
de- + jurare to swear.]

Defn: To swear solemnly; to take an oath. [Obs.] Cockeram.

DEJERATION
Dej`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. dejeratio.]

Defn: The act of swearing solemnly. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

DEJEUNE
Dé`jeu`né", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A déjeuner.
Take a déjeuné of muskadel and eggs. B. Jonson.

DEJEUNER
Dé`jeu`ner", n. Etym: [F. déjeuner breakfast, as a verb, to
breakfast. Cf. Dinner.]

Defn: A breakfast; sometimes, also, a lunch or collation.

DE JURE
De` ju"re. Etym: [L.]

Defn: By right; of right; by law; -- often opposed to be facto.

DEKA-
Dek"a-. (Metric System)

Defn: A prefix signifying ten. See Deca-.

DEKABRIST
Dek"a*brist, n.

Defn: A Decembrist.

DEKAGRAM
Dek"a*gram, n.

Defn: Same as Decagram.

DEKALITER
Dek"a*li`ter, n.

Defn: Same as Decaliter.

DEKAMETER
Dek"a*me`ter, n.

Defn: Same as Decameter.

DEKASTERE
Dek"a*stere`, n.

Defn: Same as Decastere.

DEKLE
De"kle, n. (Paper Making)

Defn: See Deckle.

DEL
Del, n. Etym: [See Deal, n.]

Defn: Share; portion; part. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DELACERATION
De*lac`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. delacerare, delaceratum, to tear in
pieces. See Lacerate.]

Defn: A tearing in pieces. [Obs.] Bailey.

DELACRYMATION
De*lac`ry*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. delacrimatio, fr. delacrimare to
weep. See Lachrymation.]

Defn: An involuntary discharge of watery humors from the eyes;
wateriness of the eyes. [Obs.] Bailey.

DELACTATION
De`lac*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. de- + L. lactare to suck milk, from
lac milk.]

Defn: The act of weaning. [Obs.] Bailey.

DELAINE
De*laine", n. Etym: [See Muslin delaine, under Muslin.]

Defn: A kind of fabric for women's dresses.

DELAMINATION
De*lam`i*na"tion, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Formation and separation of laminæ or layers; one of the
methods by which the various blastodermic layers of the ovum are
differentiated.

Note: This process consists of a concentric splitting of the cells of
the blastosphere into an outer layer (epiblast) and an inner layer
(hypoblast). By the perforation of the resultant two-walled vesicle,
a gastrula results similar to that formed by the process of
invagination.

DELAPSATION
De`lap*sa"tion, n.

Defn: See Delapsion. Ray.

DELAPSE
De*lapse", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Delapsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Delapsing.]
Etym: [L. delapsus, p. p. of delabi to fall down; de- + labi to fall
or side.]

Defn: To pass down by inheritance; to lapse. [Obs.]
Which Anne derived alone the right, before all other, Of the delapsed
crown from Philip. Drayton.

DELAPSION
De*lap"sion, n.

Defn: A falling down, or out of place; prolapsion.

DELASSATION
De`las*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. delassare, delassatum, to tire out; de-
+ lassare to tire.]

Defn: Fatigue.
Able to continue without delassation. Ray.

DELATE
De*late", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Delated; p. pr. & vb. n. Delating.]
Etym: [L. delatus, used as p. p. of deferre. See Tolerate, and cf. 3d
Defer, Delay, v.] [Obs. or Archaic]

1. To carry; to convey.
Try exactly the time wherein sound is delated. Bacon.

2. To carry abroad; to spread; to make public.
When the crime is delated or notorious. Jer. Taylor.

3. To carry or bring against, as a charge; to inform against; to
accuse; to denounce.
As men were delated, they were marked down for such a fine. Bp.
Burnet.

4. To carry on; to conduct. Warner.

DELATE
De*late", v. i.

Defn: To dilate. [Obs.] Goodwin.

DELATION
De*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. delatio accusation: cf. F. délation.]

1. Conveyance. [Obs. or Archaic]
In delation of sounds, the inclosure of them preserveth them. Bacon.

2. (Law)

Defn: Accusation by an informer. Milman.

DELATOR
De*la"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: An accuser; an informer. [R.] Howell.

DELAWARE
Del"a*ware, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An American grape, with compact bunches of small, amber-colored
berries, sweet and of a good flavor.

DELAWARES
Del"a*wares, n. pl.; sing. Delaware. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the valley of the
Delaware River, but now mostly located in the Indian Territory.

DELAY
De*lay", n.; pl. Delays. Etym: [F. délai, fr. OF. deleer to delay, or
fr. L. dilatum, which, though really from a different root, is used
in Latin only as a p. p. neut. of differre to carry apart, defer,
delay. See Tolerate, and cf. Differ, Delay, v.]

Defn: A putting off or deferring; procrastination; lingering
inactivity; stop; detention; hindrance.
Without any delay, on the morrow I sat on the judgment seat. Acts
xxv. 17.
The government ought to be settled without the delay of a day.
Macaulay.

DELAY
De*lay", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Delayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Delaying.]
Etym: [OF. deleer, delaier, fr. the noun délai, or directly fr. L.
dilatare to enlarge, dilate, in LL., to put off. See Delay, n., and
cf. Delate, 1st Defer, Dilate.]

1. To put off; to defer; to procrastinate; to prolong the time of or
before.
My lord delayeth his coming. Matt. xxiv. 48.

2. To retard; to stop, detain, or hinder, for a time; to retard the
motion, or time of arrival, of; as, the mail is delayed by a heavy
fall of snow.
Thyrsis! whose artful strains have oft delayed The huddling brook to
hear his madrigal. Milton.

3. To allay; to temper. [Obs.]
The watery showers delay the raging wind. Surrey.

DELAY
De*lay", v. i.

Defn: To move slowly; to stop for a time; to linger; to tarry.
There seem to be certain bounds to the quickness and slowness of the
succession of those ideas, . . . beyond which they can neither delay
nor hasten. Locke.

DELAYER
De*lay"er, n.

Defn: One who delays; one who lingers.

DELAYINGLY
De*lay"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By delays. [R.] Tennyson.

DELAYMENT
De*lay"ment, n.

Defn: Hindrance. [Obs.] Gower.

DEL CREDERE
Del` cred"er*e. Etym: [It., of belief or trust.] (Mercantile Law)

Defn: An agreement by which an agent or factor, in consideration of
an additional premium or commission (called a del credere
commission), engages, when he sells goods on credit, to insure,
warrant, or guarantee to his principal the solvency of the purchaser,
the engagement of the factor being to pay the debt himself if it is
not punctually discharged by the buyer when it becomes due.

DELE
De"le, imperative sing. of L. delere to destroy. Etym: [Cf. Delete.]
(Print.)

Defn: Erase; remove; -- a direction to cancel something which has
been put in type; usually expressed by a peculiar form of d, thus: .

DELE
De"le, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deled; p. pr. & vb. n. Deleing.] Etym:
[From the preceding word.] (Print.)

Defn: To erase; to cancel; to delete; to mark for omission.

DELE
Dele, v. t. Etym: [See Deal.]

Defn: To deal; to divide; to distribute. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DELEBLE
Del"e*ble, a. Etym: [L. delebilis. See 1st Dele.]

Defn: Capable of being blotted out or erased. "An impression easily
deleble." Fuller.

DELECTABLE
De*lec"ta*ble, a. Etym: [OF. delitable, OF. delitable, F. délectable,
fr. L. delectabilis, fr. delectare to delight. See Delight.]

Defn: Highly pleasing; delightful.
Delectable both to behold and taste. Milton.
-- De*lec"ta*ble*ness, n.
 -- De*lec"ta*bly, adv.

DELECTATE
De*lec"tate, v. t. Etym: [L. delectatus, p. p. of delectare. See
Delight.]

Defn: To delight; to charm. [R.]

DELECTATION
De`lec*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. delectatio: cf. F. délectation.]

Defn: Great pleasure; delight.

DELECTUS
De*lec"tus, n. Etym: [L., selection, from deligere, delectum, to
select.]

Defn: A name given to an elementary book for learners of Latin or
Greek. G. Eliot.

DELEGACY
Del`e*ga*cy, n. Etym: [From Delegate, a.]

1. The act of delegating, or state of being delegated; deputed power.
[Obs.]
By way of delegacy or grand commission. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. A body of delegates or commissioners; a delegation. [Obs.] Burton.

DELEGATE
Del"e*gate, n. Etym: [L. delegatus, p. p. of delegare to send,
delegate; de- + legare to send with a commission, to depute. See
Legate.]

1. Any one sent and empowered to act for another; one deputed to
represent; a chosen deputy; a representative; a commissioner; a
vicar.

2.
(a) One elected by the people of a territory to represent them in
Congress, where he has the right of debating, but not of voting.
(b) One sent by any constituency to act as its representative in a
convention; as, a delegate to a convention for nominating officers,
or for forming or altering a constitution. [U.S.] Court of delegates,
formerly, the great court of appeal from the archbishops' courts and
also from the court of admiralty. It is now abolished, and the privy
council is the immediate court of appeal in such cases. [Eng.]

DELEGATE
Del"e*gate, a. Etym: [L. delegatus, p. p.]

Defn: Sent to act for a represent another; deputed; as, a delegate
judge. "Delegate power." Strype.

DELEGATE
Del"e*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Delegated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Delegating.]

1. To send as one's representative; to empower as an ambassador; to
send with power to transact business; to commission; to depute; to
authorize.

2. To intrust to the care or management of another; to transfer; to
assign; to commit.
The delegated administration of the law. Locke.
Delegated executive power. Bancroft.
The power exercised by the legislature is the people's power,
delegated by the people to the legislative. J. B. Finch.

DELEGATION
Del`e*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. delegatio: cf. F. délégation.]

1. The act of delegating, or investing with authority to act for
another; the appointment of a delegate or delegates.

2. One or more persons appointed or chosen, and commissioned to
represent others, as in a convention, in Congress, etc.; the
collective body of delegates; as, the delegation from Massachusetts;
a deputation.

3. (Rom. Law)

Defn: A kind of novation by which a debtor, to be liberated from his
creditor, gives him a third person, who becomes obliged in his stead
to the creditor, or to the person appointed by him. Pothier.

DELEGATORY
Del"e*ga*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. delegatorius pert. to an assignment.]

Defn: Holding a delegated position. Nash.

DELENDA
De*len"da, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. delere to destroy.]

Defn: Things to be erased or blotted out.

DELENIFICAL
Del`e*nif"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. delenificus; delenire to soothe +
facere to make. See Lenient.]

Defn: Assuaging pain. [Obs.] Bailey.

DELETE
De*lete", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deleted; p. pr. & vb. n. Deleting.]
Etym: [L. deletus, p. p. of delere to destroy. Cf. 1st Dele.]

Defn: To blot out; to erase; to expunge; to dele; to omit.
I have, therefore, . . . inserted eleven stanzas which do not appear
in Sir Walter Scott's version, and have deleted eight. Aytoun.

DELETERIOUS
Del`e*te"ri*ous, a. Etym: [LL. deleterius noxious, Gr. delere to
destroy.]

Defn: Hurtful; noxious; destructive; pernicious; as, a deleterious
plant or quality; a deleterious example.
 -- Del`e*te"ri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Del`e*te"ri*ous*ness, n.

DELETERY
Del"e*ter*y, a. Etym: [LL. deleterius: cf. F. délétère.]

Defn: Destructive; poisonous. [Obs.] "Deletery medicines." Hudibras.

DELETERY
Del"e*ter*y, n.

Defn: That which destroys. [Obs.]
They [the Scriptures] are the only deletery of heresies. Jer. Taylor.

DELETION
De*le"tion, n. Etym: [L. deletio, fr. delere. See Delete.]

Defn: Act of deleting, blotting out, or erasing; destruction. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
A total deletion of every person of the opposing party. Sir M. Hale.

DELETITIOUS
Del`e*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. deleticius.]

Defn: Of such a nature that anything may be erased from it; -- said
of paper.

DELETIVE
Del"e*tive, a.

Defn: Adapted to destroy or obliterate. [R.] Evelyn.

DELETORY
Del"e*to*ry, n. Etym: [See Delete.]

Defn: That which blots out. [Obs.] "A deletory of sin." Jer. Taylor.

DELF
Delf, n. Etym: [AS. delf a delving, digging. See Delve.]

Defn: A mine; a quarry; a pit dug; a ditch. [Written also delft, and
delve.] [Obs.]
The delfts would be so flown with waters, that no gins or machines
could . . . keep them dry. Ray.

DELF
Delf, n.

Defn: Same as Delftware.

DELFT
Delft, n.

Defn: Same as Delftware.

DELFTWARE
Delft"ware`, n.
(a) Pottery made at the city of Delft in Holland; hence:
(b) Earthenware made in imitation of the above; any glazed
earthenware made for table use, and the like.

DELIBATE
Del"i*bate, v. t. Etym: [L. delibatus, p. p. of delibare to taste;
de- + libare to taste.]

Defn: To taste; to take a sip of; to dabble in. [Obs.]

DELIBATION
Del`i*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. delibatio: cf. F. délibation.]

Defn: Act of tasting; a slight trial. [Obs.] Berkeley.

DELIBER
Del"i*ber, v. t. & i.

Defn: To deliberate. [Obs.]

DELIBERATE
De*lib"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. deliberatus, p. p. of deliberare to
deliberate; de- + librare to weigh. See Librate.]

1. Weighing facts and arguments with a view a choice or decision;
carefully considering the probable consequences of a step;
circumspect; slow in determining; -- applied to persons; as, a
deliberate judge or counselor. "These deliberate fools." Shak.

2. Formed with deliberation; well-advised; carefully considered; not
sudden or rash; as, a deliberate opinion; a deliberate measure or
result.
Settled visage and deliberate word. Shak.

3. Not hasty or sudden; slow. Hooker.
His enunciation was so deliberate. W. Wirt.

DELIBERATE
De*lib"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deliberated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Deliberating.]

Defn: To weigh in the mind; to consider the reasons for and against;
to consider maturely; to reflect upon; to ponder; as, to deliberate a
question.

DELIBERATE
De*lib"er*ate, v. i.

Defn: To take counsel with one's self; to weigh the arguments for and
against a proposed course of action; to reflect; to consider; to
hesitate in deciding; -- sometimes with on, upon, concerning.
The woman the deliberation is lost. Addison.

DELIBERATELY
De*lib"er*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: With careful consideration, or deliberation; circumspectly;
warily; not hastily or rashly; slowly; as, a purpose deliberately
formed.

DELIBERATENESS
De*lib"er*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being deliberate; calm consideration;
circumspection.

DELIBERATION
De*lib`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. deliberatio: cf. F. délibération.]

1. The act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons
for and against a choice or measure; careful consideration; mature
reflection.
Choosing the fairest way with a calm deliberation. W. Montagu.

2. Careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against
a measure; as, the deliberations of a legislative body or council.

DELIBERATIVE
De*lib"er*a*tive, a. Etym: [L. deliberativus: cf. F. délibératif.]

Defn: Pertaining to deliberation; proceeding or acting by
deliberation, or by discussion and examination; deliberating; as, a
deliberative body.
A consummate work of deliberative wisdom. Bancroft.
The court of jurisdiction is to be distinguished from the
deliberative body, the advisers of the crown. Hallam.

DELIBERATIVE
De*lib"er*a*tive, n.

1. A discourse in which a question is discussed, or weighed and
examined. Bacon.

2. A kind of rhetoric employed in proving a thing and convincing
others of its truth, in order to persuade them to adopt it.

DELIBERATIVELY
De*lib"er*a*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a deliberative manner; circumspectly; considerately.

DELIBERATOR
De*lib"er*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who deliberates.

DELIBRATE
Del"i*brate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Delibrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Delibrating.] Etym: [L. delibratus, p. p. of delibrare to delibrate;
de from + liber bark.]

Defn: To strip off the bark; to peel. [Obs.] Ash.

DELIBRATION
Del`i*bra"tion, n.

Defn: The act of stripping off the bark. [Obs.] Ash.

DELICACY
Del"i*ca*cy, n.; pl. Delicacies. Etym: [From Delicate, a.]

1. The state or condition of being delicate; agreeableness to the
senses; delightfulness; as, delicacy of flavor, of odor, and the
like.
What choice to choose for delicacy best. Milton.

2. Nicety or fineness of form, texture, or constitution; softness;
elegance; smoothness; tenderness; and hence, frailty or weakness; as,
the delicacy of a fiber or a thread; delicacy of a hand or of the
human form; delicacy of the skin; delicacy of frame.

3. Nice propriety of manners or conduct; susceptibility or tenderness
of feeling; refinement; fastidiousness; and hence, in an exaggerated
sense, effeminacy; as, great delicacy of behavior; delicacy in doing
a kindness; delicacy of character that unfits for earnest action.
You know your mother's delicacy in this point. Cowper.

4. Addiction to pleasure; luxury; daintiness; indulgence; luxurious
or voluptuous treatment.
And to those dainty limbs which Nature lent For gentle usage and soft
delicacy Milton.

5. Nice and refined perception and discrimination; critical niceness;
fastidious accuracy.
That Augustan delicacy of taste which is the boast of the great
public schools of England. Macaulay.

6. The state of being affected by slight causes; sensitiveness; as,
the delicacy of a chemist's balance.

7. That which is alluring, delicate, or refined; a luxury or
pleasure; something pleasant to the senses, especially to the sense
of taste; a dainty; as, delicacies of the table.
The merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the abundance of
her delicacies. Rev. xviii. 3.

8. Pleasure; gratification; delight. [Obs.]
He Rome brent for his delicacie. Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- See Dainty.

DELICATE
Del"i*cate, a. Etym: [L. delicatus pleasing the senses, voluptuous,
soft and tender; akin to deliciae delight: cf. F. délicat. See
Delight.]

1. Addicted to pleasure; luxurious; voluptuous; alluring. [R.]
Dives, for his delicate life, to the devil went. Piers Plowman.
Haarlem is a very delicate town. Evelyn.

2. Pleasing to the senses; refinedly; hence, adapted to please a nice
or cultivated taste; nice; fine; elegant; as, a delicate dish;
delicate flavor.

3. Slight and shapely; lovely; graceful; as, "a delicate creature."
Shak.

4. Fine or slender; minute; not coarse; -- said of a thread, or the
like; as, delicate cotton.

5. Slight or smooth; light and yielding; -- said of texture; as,
delicate lace or silk.

6. Soft and fair; -- said of the skin or a surface; as, a delicate
cheek; a delicate complexion.

7. Light, or softly tinted; -- said of a color; as; as, a delicate
blue.

8. Refined; gentle; scrupulous not to trespass or offend;
considerate; -- said of manners, conduct, or feelings; as, delicate
behavior; delicate attentions; delicate thoughtfulness.

9. Tender; not able to endure hardship; feeble; frail; effeminate; --
said of constitution, health, etc.; as, a delicate child; delicate
health.
A delicate and tender prince. Shak.

10. Requiring careful handling; not to be rudely or hastily dealt
with; nice; critical; as, a delicate subject or question.
There are some things too delicate and too sacred to be handled
rudely without injury to truth. F. W. Robertson.

11. Of exacting tastes and habits; dainty; fastidious.

12. Nicely discriminating or perceptive; refinedly critical;
sensitive; exquisite; as, a delicate taste; a delicate ear for music.

13. Affected by slight causes; showing slight changes; as, a delicate
thermometer.

DELICATE
Del"i*cate, n.

1. A choice dainty; a delicacy. [R.]
With abstinence all delicates he sees. Dryden.

2. A delicate, luxurious, or effeminate person.
All the vessels, then, which our delicates have, -- those I mean that
would seem to be more fine in their houses than their neighbors, --
are only of the Corinth metal. Holland.

DELICATELY
Del"i*cate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a delicate manner.

DELICATENESS
Del"i*cate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being delicate.

DELICATESSEN
Del`i*ca*tes"sen, n. pl. [G., fr. F. délicatesse.]

Defn: Relishes for the table; dainties; delicacies. "A dealer in
delicatessen".  G. H. Putnam.

DELICES
Del"i*ces, n. pl. Etym: [F. délices, fr. L. deliciae.]

Defn: Delicacies; delights. [Obs.] "Dainty delices." Spenser.

DELICIATE
De*li"ci*ate, v. t.

Defn: To delight one's self; to indulge in feasting; to revel. [Obs.]

DELICIOUS
De*li"cious, a. Etym: [OF. delicieus, F. délicieux, L. deliciosus,
fr. deliciae delight, fr. delicere to allure. See Delight.]

1. Affording exquisite pleasure; delightful; most sweet or grateful
to the senses, especially to the taste; charming.
Some delicious landscape. Coleridge.
One draught of spring's delicious air. Keble.
Were not his words delicious Tennyson.

2. Addicted to pleasure; seeking enjoyment; luxurious; effeminate.
[Obs.]
Others, lastly, of a more delicious and airy spirit, retire
themselves to the enjoyments of ease and luxury. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Delicious, Delightful. Delicious refers to the pleasure derived
from certain of the senses, particularly the taste and smell; as,
delicious food; a delicious fragrance. Delightful may also refer to
most of the senses (as, delightful music; a delightful prospect;
delightful sensations), but has a higher application to matters of
taste, feeling, and sentiment; as, a delightful abode, conversation,
employment; delightful scenes, etc.
Like the rich fruit he sings, delicious in decay. Smith.
No spring, nor summer, on the mountain seen, Smiles with gay fruits
or with delightful green. Addison.

DELICIOUSLY
De*li"cious*ly, adv.

Defn: Delightfully; as, to feed deliciously; to be deliciously
entertained.

DELICIOUSNESS
De*li"cious*ness, n.

1. The quality of being delicious; as, the deliciousness of a repast.

2. Luxury. "To drive away all superfluity and deliciousness." Sir T.
North.

DELICT
De*lict", n. Etym: [L. delictum fault.] (Law)

Defn: An offense or transgression against law; (Scots Law) an offense
of a lesser degree; a misdemeanor.
Every regulation of the civil code necessarily implies a delict in
the event of its violation. Jeffrey.

DELIGATE
Del"i*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. deligatus, p. p. of deligare to bind up;
de- + ligare to bind.] (Surg.)

Defn: To bind up; to bandage.

DELIGATION
Del`i*ga"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. déligation.] (Surg.)

Defn: A binding up; a bandaging. Wiseman.

DELIGHT
De*light", n. Etym: [OE. delit, OF. delit, deleit, fr. delitier, to
delight. See Delight, v. t.]

1. A high degree of gratification of mind; a high-wrought state of
pleasurable feeling; lively pleasure; extreme satisfaction; joy.
Sounds and sweet airs, that give delight and hurt not. Shak.
A fool hath no delight in understanding. Prov. xviii. 2.

2. That which gives great pleasure or delight.
Heaven's last, best gift, my ever new delight. Milton.

3. Licentious pleasure; lust. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DELIGHT
De*light", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Delighted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Delighting.] Etym: [OE. deliten, OF. delitier, deleitier, F.
délecter, fr. L. delectare to entice away, to delight (sc. by
attracting or alluring), intens. of delicere to allure, delight; de-
+ lacere to entice, allure; cf. laqueus a snare. Cf. Delectate,
Delicate, Delicious, Dilettante, Elicit, Lace.]

Defn: To give delight to; to affect with great pleasure; to please
highly; as, a beautiful landscape delights the eye; harmony delights
the ear.
Inventions to delight the taste. Shak.
Delight our souls with talk of knightly deeds. Tennyson.

DELIGHT
De*light", v. i.

Defn: To have or take great delight or pleasure; to be greatly
pleased or rejoiced; -- followed by an infinitive, or by in.
Love delights in praises. Shak.
I delight to do thy will, O my God. Ps. xl. 8.

DELIGHTABLE
De*light"a*ble, a. Etym: [See Delectable.]

Defn: Capable of delighting; delightful. [Obs.]
Many a spice delightable. Rom. of R.

DELIGHTED
De*light"ed, a.

Defn: Endowed with delight.
If virtue no delighted beauty lack. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Glad; pleased; gratified. See Glad.

DELIGHTEDLY
De*light"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: With delight; gladly.

DELIGHTER
De*light"er, n.

Defn: One who gives or takes delight.

DELIGHTFUL
De*light"ful, a.

Defn: Highly pleasing; affording great pleasure and satisfaction.
"Delightful bowers." Spenser. "Delightful fruit." Milton.

Syn.
 -- Delicious; charming. See Delicious.
 -- De*light"ful*ly, adv.
 -- De*light"ful*ness, n.

DELIGHTING
De*light"ing, a.

Defn: Giving delight; gladdening.
 -- De*light"ing*ly, adv. Jer. Taylor.

DELIGHTLESS
De*light"less, a.

Defn: Void of delight. Thomson.

DELIGHTOUS
De*light"ous a. Etym: [OF. delitos.]

Defn: Delightful. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

DELIGHTSOME
De*light"some, a.

Defn: Very pleasing; delightful. "Delightsome vigor." Grew.
Ye shall be a delightsome land, . . . saith the Lord. Mal. iii. 12.
-- De*light"some*ly, adv.
 -- De*light"some*ness, n.

DELIGNATE
De*lig"nate, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Delignated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Delignating.] [Pref. de- + L. lignum wood.]

1.

Defn: To clear or strip of wood (by cutting down trees). [R.]
Fuller.

2.  To strip or remove the wood from; as, to delignate ramie, in the
preparation of ribbons of the fiber for further working.

DELILAH
De*li"lah, n.

Defn: The mistress of Samson, who betrayed him (Judges xvi.); hence,
a harlot; a temptress.
Other Delilahs on a smaller scale Burns met with during his Dumfries
sojourn. J. C. Shairp.

DELIMIT
De*lim"it, v. t. Etym: [L. delimitare: cf. F. délimitier.]

Defn: To fix the limits of; to demarcate; to bound.

DELIMITATION
De*lim`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. delimitatio: cf. F. délimitation.]

Defn: The act or process of fixing limits or boundaries; limitation.
Gladstone.

DELINE
De*line", v. t.

1. To delineate. [Obs.]

2. To mark out. [Obs.] R. North.

DELINEABLE
De*lin"e*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being, or liable to be, delineated. Feltham.

DELINEAMENT
De*lin"e*a*ment, Etym: [See Delineate.]

Defn: Delineation; sketch. Dr. H. More.

DELINEATE
De*lin"e*ate, a. Etym: [L. delineatus, p. p. of delineare to
delineate; de- + lineare to draw, fr. linea line. See Line.]

Defn: Delineated; portrayed. [R.]

DELINEATE
De*lin"e*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Delineated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Delineating.]

1. To indicate by lines drawn in the form or figure of; to represent
by sketch, design, or diagram; to sketch out; to portray; to picture;
in drawing and engraving, to represent in lines, as with the pen,
pencil, or graver; hence, to represent with accuracy and minuteness.
See Delineation.
Adventurous to delineate nature's form. Akenside.

2. To portray to the mind or understanding by words; to set forth; to
describe.
Customs or habits delineated with great accuracy. Walpole.

DELINEATION
De*lin`e*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. delineatio: cf. F. délinéation.]

1. The act of representing, portraying, or describing, as by lines,
diagrams, sketches, etc.; drawing an outline; as, the delineation of
a scene or face; in drawing and engraving, representation by means of
lines, as distinguished from representation by means of tints shades;
accurate and minute representation, as distinguished from art that is
careless of details, or subordinates them excessively.

2. A delineated picture; representation; sketch; description in
words.
Their softest delineations of female beauty. W. Irving.

Syn.
 -- Sketch; portrait; outline. See Sketch.

DELINEATOR
De*lin"e*a`tor, n.

1. One who, or that which, delineates; a sketcher.

2. (Surv.)

Defn: A perambulator which records distances and delineates a
profile, as of a road.

DELINEATORY
De*lin"e*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: That delineates; descriptive; drawing the outline; delineating.

DELINEATURE
De*lin"e*a*ture, n.

Defn: Delineation. [Obs.]

DELINITION
Del`i*ni"tion, n. Etym: [L. delinere to smear. See Liniment.]

Defn: A smearing. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

DELINQUENCY
De*lin"quen*cy, n.; pl. Delinquencies. Etym: [L. delinquentia, fr.
delinquens.]

Defn: Failure or omission of duty; a fault; a misdeed; an offense; a
misdemeanor; a crime.
The delinquencies of the little commonwealth would be represented in
the most glaring colors. Motley.

DELINQUENT
De*lin"quent a. Etym: [L. delinquens, -entis, p. pr. of delinquere to
fail, be wanting in one's duty, do wrong; de- + linquere to leave.
See Loan, n.]

Defn: Failing in duty; offending by neglect of duty.

DELINQUENT
De*lin"quent, n.

Defn: One who fails or neglects to perform his duty; an offender or
transgressor; one who commits a fault or a crime; a culprit.
A delinquent ought to be cited in the place or jurisdiction where the
delinquency was committed. Ayliffe.

DELINQUENTLY
De*lin"quent*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to fail in duty.

DELIQUATE
Del"i*quate, v. i. Etym: [L. deliquatus, p. p. of deliquare to clear
off, de- + liquare to make liquid, melt, dissolve.]

Defn: To melt or be dissolved; to deliquesce. [Obs.] Boyle.

DELIQUATE
Del"i*quate, v. t.

Defn: To cause to melt away; to dissolve; to consume; to waste.
[Obs.]
Dilapidating, or rather deliquating, his bishopric. Fuller.

DELIQUATION
Del`i*qua"tion, n.

Defn: A melting. [Obs.]

DELIQUESCE
Del`i*quesce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Deliquesced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Deliquescing.] Etym: [L. deliquescere to melt, dissolve; de- +
liquescere to become fluid, melt, fr. liquere to be fluid. See
Liquid.] (Chem.)

Defn: To dissolve gradually and become liquid by attracting and
absorbing moisture from the air, as certain salts, acids, and
alkalies.
In very moist air crystals of strontites deliquesce. Black.

DELIQUESCENCE
Del`i*ques"cence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. déliquescence.]

Defn: The act of deliquescing or liquefying; process by which
anything deliquesces; tendency to melt.

DELIQUESCENT
Del`i*ques"cent, a. Etym: [L. deliquescens, -entis, p. pr. of
deliquescere: cf. F. déliquescent.]

1. Dissolving; liquefying by contact with the air; capable of
attracting moisture from the atmosphere and becoming liquid; as,
deliquescent salts.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Branching so that the stem is lost in branches, as in most
deciduous trees. Gray.

DELIQUIATE
De*liq"ui*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. deliquia a flowing off, a gutter,
deliquium a flowing down, fr. deliquare. See Deliquate.]

Defn: To melt and become liquid by absorbing water from the air; to
deliquesce. Fourcroy.

DELIQUIATION
De*liq`ui*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of deliquating.

DELIQUIUM
De*liq"ui*um, n. Etym: [L. See Deliquiate.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A melting or dissolution in the air, or in a moist place; a
liquid condition; as, a salt falls into a deliquium. [R.]

2. A sinking away; a swooning. [Obs.] Bacon.

3. A melting or maudlin mood. Carlyle.

DELIRACY
De*lir"a*cy, n. Etym: [See Delirate.]

Defn: Delirium. [Obs.]

DELIRAMENT
De*lir"a*ment, n. Etym: [L. deliramentum, fr. delirare. See
Delirium.]

Defn: A wandering of the mind; a crazy fancy. [Obs.] Heywood.

DELIRANCY
De*lir"an*cy, n.

Defn: Delirium. [Obs.] Gauden.

DELIRANT
De*lir"ant, a. Etym: [L. delirans, -antis, p. pr. of delirare. See
Delirium.]

Defn: Delirious. [Obs.] Owen.

DELIRATE
De*lir"ate, v. t. & i. Etym: [L. deliratus, p. p. of delirare. See
Delirium.]

Defn: To madden; to rave. [Obs.]
An infatuating and delirating spirit in it. Holland.

DELIRATION
Del`i*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. deliratio.]

Defn: Aberration of mind; delirium. J. Motley.
Deliration or alienation of the understanding. Mede.

DELIRIANT
De*lir"i*ant, n. Etym: [See Delirium.] (Med.)

Defn: A poison which occasions a persistent delirium, or mental
aberration (as belladonna).

DELIRIFACIENT
De*lir`i*fa"cient, a. Etym: [Delirium + L. faciens, -entis, p. pr. of
facere to make.] (Med.)

Defn: Producing, or tending to produce, delirium.
 -- n.

Defn: Any substance which tends to cause delirium.

DELIRIOUS
De*lir"i*ous, a. Etym: [From Delirium.]

Defn: Having a delirium; wandering in mind; light-headed; insane;
raving; wild; as, a delirious patient; delirious fancies.
 -- De*lir"i*ous*ly, adv.
 -- De*lir"i*ous*ness, n.

DELIRIUM
De*lir"i*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. delirare to rave, to wander in mind,
prop., to go out of the furrow in plowing; de- + lira furrow, track;
perh. akin to G. geleise track, rut, and E. last to endure.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A state in which the thoughts, expressions, and actions are
wild, irregular, and incoherent; mental aberration; a roving or
wandering of the mind, -- usually dependent on a fever or some other
disease, and so distinguished from mania, or madness.

2. Strong excitement; wild enthusiasm; madness.
The popular delirium [of the French Revolution] at first caught his
enthusiastic mind. W. Irving.
The delirium of the preceding session (of Parliament). Motley.
Delirium tremens (. Etym: [L., trembling delirium] (Med.), a violent
delirium induced by the excessive and prolonged use of intoxicating
liquors.
 -- Traumatic delirium (Med.), a variety of delirium following
injury.

Syn.
 -- Insanity; frenzy; madness; derangement; aberration; mania;
lunacy; fury. See Insanity.

DELIT
De*lit", n.

Defn: Delight. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DELITABLE
De*lit"a*ble, a.

Defn: Delightful; delectable. [Obs.]

DELITESCENCE
Del`i*tes"cence, n. Etym: [See Delitescent.]

1. Concealment; seclusion; retirement.
The delitescence of mental activities. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The sudden disappearance of inflammation.

DELITESCENCY
Del`i*tes"cen*cy, n.

Defn: Concealment; seclusion.
The mental organization of the novelist must be characterized, to
speak craniologically, by an extraordinary development of the passion
for delitescency. Sir W. Scott.

DELITESCENT
Del`i*tes"cent, a. Etym: [L. delitescens, -entis, p. pr. of
delitescere to lie hid.]

Defn: Lying hid; concealed.

DELITIGATE
De*lit"i*gate, v. i. Etym: [L. delitigare to rail. See Litigate.]

Defn: To chide; to rail heartily. [Obs.]

DELITIGATION
De*lit`i*ga"tion, n.

Defn: Chiding; brawl. [Obs.]

DELIVER
De*liv"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Delivered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Delivering.] Etym: [F. délivrer, LL. deliberare to liberate, give
over, fr. L. de + liberare to set free. See Liberate.]

1. To set free from restraint; to set at liberty; to release; to
liberate, as from control; to give up; to free; to save; to rescue
from evil actual or feared; -- often with from or out of; as, to
deliver one from captivity, or from fear of death.
He that taketh warning shall deliver his soul. Ezek. xxxiii. 5.
Promise was that I Should Israel from Philistian yoke deliver.
Milton.

2. To give or transfer; to yield possession or control of; to part
with (to); to make over; to commit; to surrender; to resign; -- often
with up or over, to or into.
Thou shalt deliver Pharaoh's cup into his hand. Gen. xl. 13.
The constables have delivered her over. Shak.
The exalted mind All sense of woe delivers to the wind. Pope.

3. To make over to the knowledge of another; to communicate; to
utter; to speak; to impart.
Till he these words to him deliver might. Spenser.
Whereof the former delivers the precepts of the art, and the latter
the perfection. Bacon.

4. To give forth in action or exercise; to discharge; as, to deliver
a blow; to deliver a broadside, or a ball.
Shaking his head and delivering some show of tears. Sidney.
An uninstructed bowler . . . thinks to attain the jack by delivering
his bowl straightforward. Sir W. Scott.

5. To free from, or disburden of, young; to relieve of a child in
childbirth; to bring forth; -- often with of.
She was delivered safe and soon. Gower.
Tully was long ere he could be delivered of a few verses, and those
poor ones. Peacham.

6. To discover; to show. [Poetic]
I 'll deliver Myself your loyal servant. Shak.

7. To deliberate. [Obs.] Chaucer.

8. To admit; to allow to pass. [Obs.] Bacon.

Syn.
 -- To Deliver, Give Forth, Discharge, Liberate, Pronounce, Utter.
Deliver denotes, literally, to set free. Hence the term is
extensively applied to cases where a thing is made to pass from a
confined state to one of greater freedom or openness. Hence it may,
in certain connections, be used as synonymous with any or all of the
above-mentioned words, as will be seen from the following examples:
One who delivers a package gives it forth; one who delivers a cargo
discharges it; one who delivers a captive liberates him; one who
delivers a message or a discourse utters or pronounces it; when
soldiers deliver their fire, they set it free or give it forth.

DELIVER
De*liv"er, a. Etym: [OF. delivre free, unfettered. See Deliver, v.
t.]

Defn: Free; nimble; sprightly; active. [Obs.]
Wonderly deliver and great of strength. Chaucer.

DELIVERABLE
De*liv"er*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being, or about to be, delivered; necessary to be
delivered. Hale.

DELIVERANCE
De*liv"er*ance, n. Etym: [F. délivrance, fr. délivrer.]

1. The act of delivering or freeing from restraint, captivity, peril,
and the like; rescue; as, the deliverance of a captive.
He hath sent me to heal the broken-hearted, to preach deliverance to
the captives. Luke iv. 18.
One death or one deliverance we will share. Dryden.

2. Act of bringing forth children. [Archaic] Shak.

3. Act of speaking; utterance. [Archaic] Shak.

Note: In this and in the preceding sense delivery is the word more
commonly used.

4. The state of being delivered, or freed from restraint.
I do desire deliverance from these officers. Shak.

5. Anything delivered or communicated; esp., an opinion or decision
expressed publicly. [Scot.]

6. (Metaph.)

Defn: Any fact or truth which is decisively attested or intuitively
known as a psychological or philosophical datum; as, the deliverance
of consciousness.

DELIVERER
De*liv"er*er, n.

1. One who delivers or rescues; a preserver.

2. One who relates or communicates.

DELIVERESS
De*liv"er*ess, n.

Defn: A female de [R.] Evelyn.

DELIVERLY
De*liv"er*ly, adv.

Defn: Actively; quickly; nimbly. [Obs.]
Swim with your bodies, And carry it sweetly and deliverly. Beau. &
Fl.

DELIVERNESS
De*liv"er*ness, n.

Defn: Nimbleness; agility. [Obs.]

DELIVERY
De*liv"er*y, n.; pl. Deliveries (.

1. The act of delivering from restraint; rescue; release; liberation;
as, the delivery of a captive from his dungeon.

2. The act of delivering up or over; surrender; transfer of the body
or substance of a thing; distribution; as, the delivery of a fort, of
hostages, of a criminal, of goods, of letters.

3. The act or style of utterance; manner of speaking; as, a good
delivery; a clear delivery.

4. The act of giving birth; parturition; the expulsion or extraction
of a fetus and its membranes.

5. The act of exerting one's strength or limbs.
Neater limbs and freer delivery. Sir H. Wotton.

6. The act or manner of delivering a ball; as, the pitcher has a
swift delivery.

DELL
Dell, n. Etym: [AS. del, akin to E. dale; cf. D. delle, del, low
ground. See Dale.]

1. A small, retired valley; a ravine.
In dells and dales, concealed from human sight. Tickell.

2. A young woman; a wench. [Obs.]
Sweet doxies and dells. B. Jonson.

DELLA CRUSCA
Del"la Crus"ca.

Defn: A shortened form of Academia della Crusca, an academy in
Florescence, Italy, founded in the 16th century, especially for
conversing the purity of the Italian language.

Note: The Accademia della Crusca (literally, academy of the bran or
chaff) was so called in allusion to its chief object of bolting or
purifying the national language.

DELLACRUSCAN
Del`la*crus"can, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Accademia della Crusca in Florence. The
Dellacruscan School, a name given in satire to a class of affected
English writers, most of whom lived in Florence, about a. d. 1785.

DELOO
De"loo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The duykerbok.

DELOUL
De*loul", n. Etym: [Prob. of Arabic or Bedouin origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A special breed of the dromedary used for rapid traveling; the
swift camel; -- called also herire, and maharik.

DELPH
Delph, n.

Defn: Delftware.
Five nothings in five plates of delph. Swift.

DELPH
Delph, n. (Hydraul. Engin.)

Defn: The drain on the land side of a sea embankment. Knight.

DELPHIAN
Del"phi*an, a.

Defn: Delphic.

DELPHIC
Del"phic, a. Etym: [L. Delphicus, fr. Gr. Delphi, a town of Phocis,
in Greece, now Kastri.] (Gr. Antiq.)

1. Of or relating to Delphi, or to the famous oracle of that place.

2. Ambiguous; mysterious. "If he is silent or delphic." New York
Times.

DELPHIN; DELPHINE
Del"phin, Del"phine, a. Etym: [See Dauphin.]

Defn: Pertaining to the dauphin of France; as, the Delphin classics,
an edition of the Latin classics, prepared in the reign of Louis
XIV., for the use of the dauphin (in usum Delphini).

DELPHIN
Del"phin, n. Etym: [L. delphinus a dolphin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A fatty substance contained in the oil of the dolphin and the
porpoise; -- called also phocenin.

DELPHINE
Del"phine, a. Etym: [L. delphinus a dolphin, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the dolphin, a genus of fishes.

DELPHINIC
Del*phin"ic, a. Etym: [See Delphin, n.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the dolphin; phocenic.
Delphinic acid. (Chem.) See Valeric acid, under Valeric. [Obs.]

DELPHINIC
Del*phin"ic, a. Etym: [From NL. Delphinium, the name of the genus.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the larkspur; specifically,
relating to the stavesacre (Delphinium staphisagria).

DELPHININE
Del"phi*nine (; 104), n. Etym: [Cf. F. delphinine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous alkaloid extracted from the stavesacre (Delphinium
staphisagria), as a colorless amorphous powder.

DELPHINOID
Del"phi*noid, a. Etym: [L. delphinus a dolphin + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the dolphin.

DELPHINOIDEA
Del`phi*noi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Cetacea which comprises the dolphins,
porpoises, and related forms.

DELPHINUS
Del*phi"nus, n. Etym: [L., a dolphin, fr. Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Cetacea, including the dolphin. See Dolphin,

1.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The Dolphin, a constellation near the equator and east of
Aquila.

DELSARTE; DELSARTE SYSTEM
Del*sarte", n., or Delsarte system.

Defn: A system of calisthenics patterned on the theories of François
Delsarte (1811 -- 71), a French teacher of dramatic and musical
expression.

DELTA
Del"ta, n.; pl. Deltas. Etym: [Gr. Delta of the Nile.]

Defn: A tract of land shaped like the letter delta (as, the delta of
the Ganges, of the Nile, or of the Mississippi.

DELTA CONNECTION
Delta connection. (Elec.)

Defn: One of the usual forms or methods for connecting apparatus to a
three-phase circuit, the three corners of the delta or triangle, as
diagrammatically represented, being connected to the three wires of
the supply circuit.

DELTA CURRENT
Delta current. (Elec.)

Defn: The current flowing through a delta connection.

DELTAFICATION
Del`ta*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Delta + L. facere to make.]

Defn: The formation of a delta or of deltas. [R.]

DELTAIC
Del*ta"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to, or like, a delta.

DELTHYRIS
Del*thy"ris, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. de`lta the name of the letter
thy`ra door.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name formerly given to certain Silurian brachiopod shells of
the genus Spirifer. Delthyris limestone (Geol.), one of the divisions
of the Upper Silurian rocks in New York.

DELTIC
Del"tic, a.

Defn: Deltaic.

DELTIDIUM
Del*tid"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. de`lta, the letter (Zoöl.)

Defn: The triangular space under the beak of many brachiopod shells.

DELTOHEDRON
Del`to*he"dron, n. Etym: [Gr. de`lta, the letter 'e`dra seat, base.]
(Crystallog.)

Defn: A solid bounded by twelve quadrilateral faces. It is a
hemihedral form of the isometric system, allied to the tetrahedron.

DELTOID
Del"toid, a. Etym: [Gr. deltoeidh`s delta-shaped; de`lta the name of
the letter ei^dos form: cf. F. deltoïde. See Delta.]

Defn: Shaped like the Greek Deltoid leaf (Bot.), a leaf in the form
of a triangle with the stem inserted at the middle of the base.
 -- Deltoid muscle (Anat.), a triangular muscle in the shoulder which
serves to move the arm directly upward.

DELUDABLE
De*lud"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being deluded; liable to be imposed on gullible. Sir
T. Browne.

DELUDE
De*lude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Deluding.]
Etym: [L. deludere, delusum; de- + ludere to play, make sport of,
mock. See Ludicrous.]

1. To lead from truth or into error; to mislead the mind or judgment
of to beguile; to impose on; to dupe; to make a fool of.
To delude the nation by an airy phantom. Burke.

2. To frustrate or disappoint.
It deludes thy search. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To mislead; deceive; beguile; cajole; cheat; dupe. See Deceive.

DELUDER
De*lud"er, n.

Defn: One who deludes; a deceiver; an impostor.

DELUGE
Del"uge, n. Etym: [F. déluge, L. diluvium, fr. diluere wash away; di-
= dis- + luere, equiv. to lavare to wash. See Lave, and cf.
Diluvium.]

1. A washing away; an overflowing of the land by water; an
inundation; a flood; specifically, The Deluge, the great flood in the
days of Noah (Gen. vii.).

2. Fig.: Anything which overwhelms, or causes great destruction. "The
deluge of summer." Lowell.
A fiery deluge fed With ever-burning sulphur unconsumed. Milton.
As I grub up some quaint old fragment of a [London] street, or a
house, or a shop, or tomb or burial ground, which has still survived
in the deluge. F. Harrison.
After me the deluge. (Aprés moi le déluge.) Madame de Pompadour.

DELUGE
Del"uge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deluged; p. pr. & vb. n. Deluging.]

1. To overflow with water; to inundate; to overwhelm.
The deluged earth would useless grow. Blackmore.

2. To overwhelm, as with a deluge; to cover; to overspread; to
overpower; to submerge; to destroy; as, the northern nations deluged
the Roman empire with their armies; the land is deluged with woe.
At length corruption, like a general fldeluge all. Pope.

DELUNDUNG
De*lun"dung, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian carnivorous mammal (Prionodon gracilis),
resembling the civets, but without scent pouches. It is handsomely
spotted.

DELUSION
De*lu"sion n. Etym: [L. delusio, fr. deludere. See Delude.]

1. The act of deluding; deception; a misleading of the mind. Pope.

2. The state of being deluded or misled.

3. That which is falsely or delusively believed or propagated; false
belief; error in belief.
And fondly mourned the dear delusion gone. Prior.

Syn.
 -- Delusion, Illusion. These words both imply some deception
practiced upon the mind. Delusion is deception from want of
knowledge; illusion is deception from morbid imagination. An illusion
is a false show, a mere cheat on the fancy or senses. It is, in other
words, some idea or image presented to the bodily or mental vision
which does not exist in reality. A delusion is a false judgment,
usually affecting the real concerns of life. Or, in other words, it
is an erroneous view of something which exists indeed, but has by no
means the qualities or attributes ascribed to it. Thus we speak of
the illusions of fancy, the illusions of hope, illusive prospects,
illusive appearances, etc. In like manner, we speak of the delusions
of stockjobbing, the delusions of honorable men, delusive appearances
in trade, of being deluded by a seeming excellence. "A fanatic,
either religious or political, is the subject of strong delusions;
while the term illusion is applied solely to the visions of an
uncontrolled imagination, the chimerical ideas of one blinded by
hope, passion, or credulity, or lastly, to spectral and other ocular
deceptions, to which the word delusion is never applied." Whately.

DELUSIONAL
De*lu"sion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to delusions; as, delusional monomania.

DELUSIVE
De*lu"sive, a. Etym: [See Delude.]

Defn: Apt or fitted to delude; tending to mislead the mind;
deceptive; beguiling; delusory; as, delusive arts; a delusive dream.
Delusive and unsubstantial ideas. Whewell.
-- De*lu"sive*ly, adv.
 -- De*lu"sive*ness, n.

DELUSORY
De*lu"so*ry a.

Defn: Delusive; fallacious. Glanvill.

DELVE
Delve v. t. [imp. & p. p. Delved; p. pr. & vb. n. Delving.] Etym:
[AS. delfan to dig; akin to OS. bidelban to bury, D. delven to dig,
MHG. telben, and possibly to E. dale. Cf. Delf a mine.]

1. To dig; to open (the ground) as with a spade.
Delve of convenient depth your thrashing flooDryden.

2. To dig into; to penetrate; to trace out; to fathom.
I can not delve him to the root. Shak.

DELVE
Delve, v. i.

Defn: To dig or labor with a spade, or as with a spade; to labor as a
drudge.
Delve may I not: I shame to beg. Wyclif (Luke xvi. 3).

DELVE
Delve, n. Etym: [See Delve, v. t., and cf. Delf a mine.]

Defn: A place dug; a pit; a ditch; a den; a cave.
Which to that shady delve him brought at last
The very tigers from their delves Look out. Moore.

DELVER
Delv"er, n.

Defn: One who digs, as with a spade.

DEMAGNETIZE
De*mag"net*ize, v. t.

1. To deprive of magnetic properties. See Magnetize.
If the bar be rapidly magnetized and demagnetized. A. Cyc.

2. To free from mesmeric influence; to demesmerize.
 -- De*mag`net*i*za"tion, n.
 -- De*mag"net*i`zer, n.

DEMAGOG
Dem"a*gog, n.

Defn: Demagogue.

DEMAGOGIC; DEMAGOGICAL
Dem`a*gog"ic, Dem`a*gog"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. démagogique.]

Defn: Relating to, or like, a demagogue; factious.

DEMAGOGISM
Dem"a*gog*ism, n.

Defn: The practices of a demagogue.

DEMAGOGUE
Dem"a*gogue, n. Etym: [Gr. act: cf. F. démagogue.]

Defn: A leader of the rabble; one who attempts to control the
multitude by specious or deceitful arts; an unprincipled and factious
mob orator or political leader.

DEMAGOGY
Dem"a*gog`y, n. Etym: [Cf. F. démagogie, Gr.

Defn: Demagogism.

DEMAIN
De*main", n. Etym: [See Demesne.]

1. Rule; management. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. (Law)

Defn: See Demesne.

DEMAND
De*mand", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Demanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Demanding.]
Etym: [F. demander, LL. demandare to demand, summon, send word, fr.
L. demandare to give in charge, intrust; de- + mandare to commit to
one's charge, commission, order, command. Cf. Mandate, Commend.]

1. To ask or call for with authority; to claim or seek from, as by
authority or right; to claim, as something due; to call for urgently
or peremptorily; as, to demand a debt; to demand obedience.
This, in our foresaid holy father's name, Pope Innocent, I do demand
of thee. Shak.

2. To inquire authoritatively or earnestly; to ask, esp. in a
peremptory manner; to question.
I did demand what news from Shrewsbury. Shak.

3. To require as necessary or useful; to be in urgent need of; hence,
to call for; as, the case demands care.

4. (Law)

Defn: To call into court; to summon. Burrill.

DEMAND
De*mand", v. i.

Defn: To make a demand; to inquire.
The soldiers likewise demanded of him, saying, And what shall we do
Luke iii. 14.

DEMAND
De*mand", n. Etym: [F. demande, fr. demander. See Demand, v. t.]

1. The act of demanding; an asking with authority; a peremptory
urging of a claim; a claiming or challenging as due; requisition; as,
the demand of a creditor; a note payable on demand.
The demand [is] by the word of the holy ones. Dan. iv. 17.
He that has confidence to turn his wishes into demands will be but a
little way from thinking he ought to obtain them. Locke.

2. Earnest inquiry; question; query. Shak.

3. A diligent seeking or search; manifested want; desire to posses;
request; as, a demand for certain goods; a person's company is in
great demand.
In 1678 came forth a second edition [Pilgrim's Progress] with
additions; and the demand became immense. Macaulay.

4. That which one demands or has a right to demand; thing claimed as
due; claim; as, demands on an estate.

5. (Law)
(a) The asking or seeking for what is due or claimed as due.
(b) The right or title in virtue of which anything may be claimed;
as, to hold a demand against a person.
(c) A thing or amount claimed to be due.

DEMANDABLE
De*mand"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be demanded or claimed. "All sums demandable." Bacon.

DEMANDANT
De*mand"ant n. Etym: [F. demandant, p. pr. of demander.]

Defn: One who demands; the plaintiff in a real action; any plaintiff.

DEMANDER
De*mand"er, n.

Defn: One who demands.

DEMANDRESS
De*mand"ress, n.

Defn: A woman who demands.

DEMANTOID
De*man"toid, n. Etym: [G. demant diamond + -oid.] (Min.)

Defn: A yellow-green, transparent variety of garnet found in the
Urals. It is valued as a gem because of its brilliancy of luster,
whence the name.

DEMARCATE
De*mar"cate, v. t. Etym: [See Demarcation.]

Defn: To mark by bounds; to set the limits of; to separate; to
discriminate. Wilkinson.

DEMARCATION
De`mar*ca"tion, n. Etym: [F. démarcation; pref. dé- (L. de) + marquer
to mark, of German origin. See Mark.]

Defn: The act of marking, or of ascertaining and setting a limit;
separation; distinction.
The speculative line of demarcation, where obedience ought to end and
resistance must begin, is faint, obscure, and not easily definable.
Burke.

DEMARCH
De*march", n. Etym: [F. démarche. See March, n.]

Defn: March; walk; gait. [Obs.]

DEMARCH
De*march, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A chief or ruler of a deme or district in Greece.

DEMARKATION
De`mar*ka"tion, n.

Defn: Same as Demarcation.

DEMATERIALIZE
De`ma*te"ri*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of material or physical qualities or
characteristics.
Dematerializing matter by stripping if of everything which . . . has
distinguished matter. Milman.

DEME
Deme, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A territorial subdivision of Attica (also of modern Greece),
corresponding to a township. Jowett (Thucyd).

2. (Biol.)

Defn: An undifferentiated aggregate of cells or plastids.

DEMEAN
De*mean", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Demeaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Demeaning.]
Etym: [OF. demener to conduct, guide, manage, F. se démener to
struggledé- (L. de) + mener to lead, drive, carry on, conduct, fr. L.
minare to drive animals by threatening cries, fr. minari to threaten.
See Menace.]

1. To manage; to conduct; to treat.
[Our] clergy have with violence demeaned the matter. Milton.

2. To conduct; to behave; to comport; -- followed by the reflexive
pronoun.
They have demeaned themselves Like men born to renown by life or
death. Shak.
They answered . . . that they should demean themselves according to
their instructions. Clarendon.

3. To debase; to lower; to degrade; -- followed by the reflexive
pronoun.
Her son would demean himself by a marriage with an artist's daughter.
Thackeray.

Note: This sense is probably due to a false etymology which regarded
the word as connected with the adjective mean.

DEMEAN
De*mean", n. Etym: [OF. demene. See Demean, v. t.]

1. Management; treatment. [Obs.]
Vile demean and usage bad. Spenser.

2. Behavior; conduct; bearing; demeanor. [Obs.]
With grave demean and solemn vanity. West.

DEMEAN
De*mean", n. Etym: [See Demesne.]

1. Demesne. [Obs.]

2. pl.

Defn: Resources; means. [Obs.]
You know How narrow our demeans are. Massinger.

DEMEANANCE
De*mean"ance, n.

Defn: Demeanor. [Obs.] Skelton.

DEMEANOR
De*mean"or, n. [Written also demeanour.] Etym: [For demeanure, fr.
demean. See Demean, v. t.]

1. Management; treatment; conduct. [Obs.]
God commits the managing so great a trust . . . wholly to the
demeanor of every grown man. Milton.

2. Behavior; deportment; carriage; bearing; mien.
His demeanor was singularly pleasing. Macaulay.
The men, as usual, liked her artless kindness and simple refined
demeanor. Thackeray.

DEMEANURE
De*mean"ure, n.

Defn: Behavior. [Obs.] Spenser.

DEMENCY
De"men*cy, n. Etym: [L. dementia, fr. demens mad. See Dement.]

Defn: Dementia; loss of mental powers. See Insanity.

DEMENT
De*ment", v. t. Etym: [L. dementare, fr. demens, -mentis, out of
one's mind, mad; de + mens mind. See Mental, and cf. Dementate.]

Defn: To deprive of reason; to make mad. [R.] Bale.

DEMENT
De*ment", a. Etym: [L. demens, -mentis.]

Defn: Demented; dementate. [R.] J. H. Newman.

DEMENTATE
De*men"tate, a. Etym: [L. dementatus, p. p. See Dement, v. t.]

Defn: Deprived of reason.
Arise, thou dementate sinner! Hammond.

DEMENTATE
De*men"tate v. t.

Defn: To deprive of reason; to dement. [R.] Burton.

DEMENTATION
De`men*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of depriving of reason; madness. Whitlock.

DEMENTED
De*ment"ed, a. Etym: [From Dement.]

Defn: Insane; mad; of unsound mind.
 -- De*ment"ed*ness, n.

DEMENTIA
De*men"ti*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. demens. See Dement.]

Defn: Insanity; madness; esp. that form which consists in weakness or
total loss of thought and reason; mental imbecility; idiocy.

DEMEPHITIZE
De*meph"i*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Demephitized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Demephitizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. méphitiser to infect with mephitis.]

Defn: To purify from mephitic.
 -- De*meph`i*ti*za"tion, n.

DEMERGE
De*merge", v. t. Etym: [L. demergere.]

Defn: To plunge down into; to sink; to immerse. [Obs.]
The water in which it was demerged. Boyle.

DEMERIT
De*mer"it, n. Etym: [F. démérite demerit (in sense 2), OF. demerite
demerit (in sense 1), fr. L. demerere to deserve well, LL., to
deserve well or ill; de- + merere to deserve. See De-, and Merit.]

1. That which one merits or deserves, either of good or ill; desert.
[Obs.]
By many benefits and demerits whereby they obliged their adherents,
[they] acquired this reputation. Holland.

2. That which deserves blame; ill desert; a fault; a vice;
misconduct; -- the opposite of Ant: merit.
They see no merit or demerit in any man or any action. Burke.
Secure, unless forfeited by any demerit or offense. Sir W. Temple.

3. The state of one who deserves ill.

DEMERIT
De*mer"it, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. démériter to deserve ill. See Demerit,
n.]

1. To deserve; -- said in reference to both praise and blame. [Obs.]
If I have demerited any love or thanks. Udall.
Executed as a traitor . . . as he well demerited. State Trials
(1645).

2. To depreciate or cry down. [R.] Bp. Woolton.

DEMERIT
De*mer"it, v. i.

Defn: To deserve praise or blame.

DEMERSE
De*merse", v. t. Etym: [L. demersus, p. p. of demergere. See Merge.]

Defn: To immerse. [Obs.] Boyle.

DEMERSED
De*mersed", a. (Bot.)

Defn: Situated or growing under water, as leaves; submersed.

DEMERSION
De*mer"sion n. Etym: [L. demersio.]

1. The act of plunging into a fluid; a drowning.

2. The state of being overwhelmed in water, or as if in water. Ray.

DEMESMERIZE
De*mes"mer*ize, v. t.

Defn: To relieve from mesmeric influence. See Mesmerize.

DEMESNE
De*mesne", n. Etym: [OE. demeine, demain, rule, demesne, OF. demeine,
demaine, demeigne, domaine, power, F. domaine domain, fr. L. dominium
property, right of ownership, fr. dominus master, proprietor, owner.
See Dame, and cf. DEmain, Domain, Danger, Dungeon.] (Law)

Defn: A lord's chief manor place, with that part of the lands
belonging thereto which has not been granted out in tenancy; a house,
and the land adjoining, kept for the proprietor's own use. [Written
also demain.] Wharton's Law Dict. Burrill. Ancient demesne. (Eng.
Law) See under Ancient.

DEMESNIAL
De*mesn"i*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a demesne; of the nature of a demesne.

DEMI-
Dem"i-. Etym: [F. demi-, fr. L. dimidius half; di- = dis- + medius
middle. See Medium, and cf. Demy, Dimidiate.]

Defn: A prefix, signifying half.

DEMI
De*mi", n.

Defn: See Demy, n.

DEMIBASTION
Dem"i*bas"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. demi-bastion.] (Fort.)

Defn: A half bastion, or that part of a bastion consisting of one
face and one flank.

DEMIBRIGADE
Dem"i*bri*gade", n. Etym: [Cf. F. demi-brigade.]

Defn: A half brigade.

DEMICADENCE
Dem"i*ca`dence n. (Mus.)

Defn: An imperfect or half cadence, falling on the dominant instead
of on the key note.

DEMICANNON
Dem"i*can"non, n. (Mil. Antiq.)

Defn: A kind of ordnance, carrying a ball weighing from thirty to
thirty-six pounds. Shak.

DEMICIRCLE
Dem"i*cir`cle, n. Etym: [Cf. F. demi-cercle.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring angles, in surveying, etc. It
resembles

DEMICULVERIN
Dem"i*cul"ver*in, n. (Mil. Antiq.)

Defn: A kind of ordnance, carrying a ball weighing from nine to
thirteen pounds.

DEMIDEIFY
Dem"i*de"i*fy v. t.

Defn: To deify in part. Cowper.

DEMIDEVIL
Dem"i*dev`il, n.

Defn: A half devil. Shak.

DEMIGOD
Dem"i*god, n.

Defn: A half god, or an inferior deity; a fabulous hero, the
offspring of a deity and a mortal.

DEMIGODDESS
Dem"i*god`dess, n.

Defn: A female demigod.

DEMIGORGE
Dem"i*gorge`, n. Etym: [Cf. F. demi-gorge.] (Fort.)

Defn: Half the gorge, or entrance into a bastion, taken from the
angle of the flank to the center of the bastion.

DEMIGRATE
Dem"i*grate, v. i. Etym: [L. demigrare, demigratum, to emigrate. See
De-, and Migrate.]

Defn: To emigrate. [Obs.] Cockeram.

DEMIGRATION
Dem`i*gra"tion n. Etym: [L. demigratio.]

Defn: Emigration. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

DEMIGROAT
Dem"i*groat`, n.

Defn: A half groat.

DEMI-ISLAND
Dem"i-is`land, n.

Defn: Peninsula. [Obs.] Knolles.

DEMIJOHN
Dem"i*john, n. Etym: [F. dame-jeanne, i. e., Lady Jane, a corruption
of Ar. damajana, damjana, prob. fr. Damaghan a town in the Persian
province of Khorassan, one famous for its glass works.]

Defn: A glass vessel or bottle with a large body and small neck,
inclosed in wickerwork.

DEMILANCE
Dem"i*lance`, n.

Defn: A light lance; a short spear; a half pike; also, a demilancer.

DEMILANCER
Dem"i*lan`cer, n.

Defn: A soldier of light cavalry of the 16th century, who carried a
demilance.

DEMILUNE
Dem"i*lune`, n. Etym: [F. demi-lune.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A work constructed beyond the main ditch of a fortress, and in
front of the curtain between two bastions, intended to defend the
curtain; a ravelin. See Ravelin.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: A crescentic mass of granular protoplasm present in the
salivary glands.

Note: Each crescent is made of polyhedral cells which under some
circumstances are supposed to give rise to new salivary cells.

DEMIMAN
Dem"i*man`, n.

Defn: A half man. [R.] Knolles.

DEMIMONDE
Dem`i*monde", n. Etym: [F.; demi + monde world, L. mundus.]

Defn: Persons of doubtful reputation; esp., women who are kept as
mistresses, though not public prostitutes; demireps. Literary
demimonde, writers of the lowest kind.

DEMINATURED
Dem"i*na"tured, a.

Defn: Having half the nature of another. [R.] Shak.

DEMIQUAVER
Dem"i*qua`ver, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A note of half the length of the quaver; a semiquaver. [R.]

DEMIRELIEF; DEMIRELIEVO
Dem`i*re*lief", Dem`i*re*lie"vo, n.

Defn: Half relief. See Demi-rilievo.

DEMIREP
Dem"i*rep`, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. demi-reputation.]

Defn: A woman of doubtful reputation or suspected character; an
adventuress. [Colloq.] De Quincey.

DEMI-RILIEVO
Dem"i-ri*lie"vo, n. Etym: [Pref. demi- + It. rilievo.] (Fine Arts)
(a) Half relief; sculpture in relief of which the figures project
from the background by one half their full roundness.
(b) A work of sculpture of the above character. See Alto-rilievo.

DEMISABILITY
De*mis`a*bil"i*ty, n. (Law)

Defn: The state of being demisable.

DEMISABLE
De*mis"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Demise.] (Law)

Defn: Capable of being leased; as, a demisable estate.

DEMISE
De*mise", n. Etym: [F. démettre, p. p. démis, démise, to put away,
lay down; pref. dé- (L. de or dis-) + mettre to put, place, lay, fr.
L. mittere to send. See Mission, and cf. Dismiss, Demit.]

1. Transmission by formal act or conveyance to an heir or successor;
transference; especially, the transfer or transmission of the crown
or royal authority to a successor.

2. The decease of a royal or princely person; hence, also, the death
of any illustrious person.
After the demise of the Queen [of George II.], in 1737, they
[drawing-rooms] were held but twice a week. P. Cunningham.

3. (Law)

Defn: The conveyance or transfer of an estate, either in fee for life
or for years, most commonly the latter. Bouvier.

Note: The demise of the crown is a transfer of the crown, royal
authority, or kingdom, to a successor. Thus, when Edward IV. was
driven from his throne for a few months by the house of Lancaster,
this temporary transfer of his dignity was called a demise. Thus the
natural death of a king or queen came to be denominated a demise, as
by that event the crown is transferred to a successor. Blackstone.
Demise and redemise, a conveyance where there are mutual leases made
from one to another of the same land, or something out of it.

Syn.
 -- Death; decease; departure. See Death.

DEMISE
De*mise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Demised; p. pr. & vb. n. Demising.]

1. To transfer or transmit by succession or inheritance; to grant or
bestow by will; to bequeath. "Power to demise my lands." Swift.
What honor Canst thou demise to any child of mine Shak.

2. To convey; to give. [R.]
His soul is at his conception demised to him. Hammond.

3. (Law)

Defn: To convey, as an estate, be lease; to lease.

DEMISEMIQUAVER
Dem`i*sem"i*qua`ver, (Mus.)

Defn: A short note, equal in time to the half of a semiquaver, or the
thirty-second part of a whole note.

DEMISS
De*miss", a. Etym: [L. demissus, p. p. of demittere.]

Defn: Cast down; humble; submissive. [Obs.]
He down descended like a most demiss And abject thrall. Spenser.

DEMISSION
De*mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. demissio, fr. demittere. See Demit.]

1. The act of demitting, or the state of being demitted; a letting
down; a lowering; dejection. "Demission of mind." Hammond.
Demission of sovereign authority. L'Estrange.

2. Resignation of an office. [Scot.]

DEMISSIONARY
De*mis"sion*a*ry, a.

1. Pertaining to transfer or conveyance; as, a demissionary deed.

2. Tending to lower, depress, or degrade.

DEMISSIVE
De*miss"ive, a. Etym: [See Demiss.]

Defn: Downcast; submissive; humble. [R.]
They pray with demissive eyelids. Lord (1630).

DEMISSLY
De*miss"ly, adv.

Defn: In a humble manner. [Obs.]

DEMISUIT
Dem"i*suit`, n. (Mil. Antiq.)

Defn: A suit of light armor covering less than the whole body, as
having no protection for the legs below the things, no vizor to the
helmet, and the like.

DEMIT
De*mit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Demitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Demitting.]
Etym: [L. demittere to send or bring down, to lower; de- + mittere to
send. Cf. Demise.]

1. To let fall; to depress. [R.]
They [peacocks] demit and let fall the same [i. e., their train]. Sir
T. Browne.

2. To yield or submit; to humble; to lower; as, to demit one's self
to humble duties. [R.]

3. To lay down, as an office; to resign. [Scot.]
General Conway demitted his office. Hume.

DEMI-TASSE
De*mi"-tasse", n. [F., half cup.]

Defn: A small cup for, or of, black coffee.

DEMITINT
Dem"i*tint`, n. (Fine Arts)
(a) That part of a painting, engraving, or the like, which is neither
in full darkness nor full light.
(b) The shade itself; neither the darkest nor the lightest in a
composition. Also called half tint.

DEMITONE
Dem"i*tone`, n. (Mus.)

Defn: Semitone. [R.]

DEMIURGE
Dem"i*urge, n. Etym: [Gr. dhmioyrgo`s a worker for the people, a
workman, especially the marker of the world, the Creator; dh`mios
belonging to the people (fr. dh^mos the people) + 'e`rgon a work.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: The chief magistrate in some of the Greek states.

2. God, as the Maker of the world.

3. According to the Gnostics, an agent or one employed by the Supreme
Being to create the material universe and man.

DEMIURGIC
Dem`i*ur"gic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to a demiurge; formative; creative. "Demiurgic
power." De Quincey.

DEMIVILL
Dem"i*vill`, n. (Old Law)

Defn: A half-vill, consisting of five freemen or frankpledges.
Blackstone.

DEMIVOLT
Dem"i*volt`, n. Etym: [Cf. F. demi-volte.] (Man.)

Defn: A half vault; one of the seven artificial motions of a horse,
in which he raises his fore legs in a particular manner.

DEMIWOLF
Dem"i*wolf`, n.

Defn: A half wolf; a mongrel dog, between a dog and a wolf.

DEMOBILIZATION
De*mob`i*li*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. démobilisation. See
Mobilization.] (Mil.)

Defn: The disorganization or disarming of troops which have
previously been mobilized or called into active service; the change
from a war footing to a peace footing.

DEMOBILIZE
De*mob"i*lize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. démobiliser.] (Mil.)

Defn: To disorganize, or disband and send home, as troops which have
been mobilized.

DEMOCRACY
De*moc"ra*cy, n.; pl. Democracies. Etym: [F. démocratie, fr. Gr.
dhmokrati`a; dh^mos the people + kratei^n to be strong, to rule,
kra`tos strength.]

1. Government by the people; a form of government in which the
supreme power is retained and directly exercised by the people.

2. Government by popular representation; a form of government in
which the supreme power is retained by the people, but is indirectly
exercised through a system of representation and delegated authority
periodically renewed; a constitutional representative government; a
republic.

3. Collectively, the people, regarded as the source of government.
Milton.

4. The principles and policy of the Democratic party, so called.
[U.S.]

DEMOCRAT
Dem"o*crat, n. Etym: [Cf. F. démocrate.]

1. One who is an adherent or advocate of democracy, or government by
the people.
Whatever they call him, what care I, Aristocrat, democrat, autocrat.
Tennyson.

2. A member of the Democratic party. [U.S.]

DEMOCRATIC
Dem`o*crat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. démocratique.]

1. Pertaining to democracy; favoring democracy, or constructed upon
the principle of government by the people.

2. Relating to a political party so called.

3. Befitting the common people; -- opposed to aristocratic. The
Democratic party, the name of one of the chief political parties in
the United States.

DEMOCRATICAL
Dem`o*crat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Democratic.
The democratical was democratically received. Algernon Sidney.

DEMOCRATICALLY
Dem`o*crat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a democratic manner.

DEMOCRATISM
De*moc"ra*tism, n.

Defn: The principles or spirit of a democracy. [R.]

DEMOCRATIST
De*moc"ra*tist, n.

Defn: A democrat. [R.] Burke.

DEMOCRATIZE
De*moc"ra*tize v. t.

Defn: To render democratic.

DEMOCRATY
De*moc"ra*ty, n.

Defn: Democracy. [Obs.] Milton.

DEMOGORGON
De`mo*gor"gon, n. Etym: [First me the scholiast, gorgo`s fierce,

Defn: , A mysterious, terrible, and evil divinity, regarded by some
as the author of creation, by others as a great magician who was
supposed to command the spirits of the lower world. See Gorgon.
Orcus and Ades, and the dreaded name Of Demogorgon. Milton.

DEMOGRAPHY
De*mog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: The study of races, as to births, marriages, mortality, health,
etc.
 -- Dem`o*graph"ic, a.

DEMOISELLE
De`moi`selle", n. Etym: [F. See Damsel.]

1. A young lady; a damsel; a lady's maid.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Numidian crane (Antropoides virgo); -- so called on account
of the grace and symmetry of its form and movements.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beautiful, small dragon fly of the genus Agrion.

DEMOLISH
De*mol"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Demolished; p. pr. & vb. n.
Demolishing.] Etym: [F. démolir, fr. L. demoliri, p. p. demolitus;
de- + moliri to set a thing in motion, to work, construct, from moles
a huge mass or structure. See Mole a mound, and Finish.]

Defn: To throw or pull down; to raze; to destroy the fabric of; to
pull to pieces; to ruin; as, to demolish an edifice, or a wall.
I expected the fabric of my book would long since have been
demolished, and laid even with the ground. Tillotson.

Syn.
 -- To Demolish, Overturn, Destroy, Dismantle, Raze. That is
overturned or overthrown which had stood upright; that is destroyed
whose component parts are scattered; that is demolished which had
formed a mass or structure; that is dismantled which is stripped of
its covering, as a vessel of its sails, or a fortress of its
bastions, etc.; that is razed which is brought down smooth, and level
to the ground. An ancient pillar is overturned or overthrown as the
result of decay; as city is destroyed by an invasion of its enemies;
a monument, the walls of a castle, a church, or any structure, real
or imaginary, may be demolished; a fortress may be dismantled from
motives of prudence, in order to render it defenseless; a city may be
razed by way of punishment, and its ruins become a memorial of
vengeance.

DEMOLISHER
De*mol"ish`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, demolishes; as, a demolisher of towns.

DEMOLISHMENT
De*mol"ish*ment, n.

Defn: Demolition.

DEMOLITION
Dem`o*li"tion, n. Etym: [L. demolitio, fr. demoliri: cf. F.
démolition. See Demolish.]

Defn: The act of overthrowing, pulling down, or destroying a pile or
structure; destruction by violence; utter overthrow; -- opposed to
construction; as, the demolition of a house, of military works, of a
town, or of hopes.

DEMOLITIONIST
Dem`o*li"tion*ist, n.

Defn: A demolisher. [R.] Carlyle.

DEMON
De"mon, n. Etym: [F. démon, L. daemon a spirit, an evil spirit, fr.
Gr.

1. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A spirit, or immaterial being, holding a middle place between
men and deities in pagan mythology.
The demon kind is of an inSydenham.

2. One's genius; a tutelary spirit or internal voice; as, the demon
of Socrates. [Often written dæmon.]

3. An evil spirit; a devil.
That same demon that hath gulled thee thus. Shak.

DEMONESS
De"mon*ess, n.

Defn: A female demon.

DEMONETIZATION
De*mon`e*ti*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of demonetizing, or the condition of being demonetized.

DEMONETIZE
De*mon"e*tize (; see Monetary), v. t.

Defn: To deprive of current value; to withdraw from use, as money.
They [gold mohurs] have been completely demonetized by the [East
India] Company. R. Cobden.

DEMONIAC; DEMONIACAL
De*mo"ni*ac, Dem`o*ni"a*cal, a. Etym: [L. daemoniacus, fr. daemon;
cf. F. démoniaque. See Demon.]

1. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, a demon or evil spirit;
devilish; as, a demoniac being; demoniacal practices.
Sarcastic, demoniacal laughter. Thackeray.

2. Influenced or produced by a demon or evil spirit; as, demoniac or
demoniacal power. "Demoniac frenzy." Milton.

DEMONIAC
De*mo"ni*ac, n.

1. A human being possessed by a demon or evil spirit; one whose
faculties are directly controlled by a demon.
The demoniac in the gospel was sometimes cast into the fire. Bates.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of Anabaptists who maintain that the demons or
devils will finally be saved.

DEMONIACALLY
Dem`o*ni"a*cal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a demoniacal manner.

DEMONIACISM
Dem`o*ni"a*cism, n.

Defn: The state of being demoniac, or the practices of demoniacs.

DEMONIAL
De*mo"ni*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a demon. [Obs.] Cudworth.

DEMONIAN
De*mo"ni*an, a.

Defn: Relating to, or having the nature of, a demon. "Demonian
spirits." Milton.

DEMONIANISM
De*mo"ni*an*ism, n.

Defn: The state of being possessed by a demon or by demons.

DEMONIASM
De*mo"ni*asm, n.

Defn: See Demonianism. [R.]

DEMONIC
De*mo"nic, a. Etym: [L. daemonicus, Gr. daimoniko`s.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a demon or to demons; demoniac. "Demonic
ambushes." Lowell.

DEMONISM
De"mon*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. démonisme.]

Defn: The belief in demons or false gods.
The established theology of the heathen world . . . rested upon the
basis of demonism. Farmer.

DEMONIST
De"mon*ist, n.

Defn: A believer in, or worshiper of, demons.

DEMONIZE
De"mon*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Demonized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Demonizing.] Etym: [Cf. LL. daemonizare to be possessed by a demon,
Gr.

1. To convert into a demon; to infuse the principles or fury of a
demon into.

2. To control or possess by a demon.

DEMONOCRACY
De`mon*oc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Gr. dai`mwn demon + kra`tos strength: cf.
F. démonocratie.]

Defn: The power or government of demons.
A demonocracy of unclean spirits. H. Taylor.

DEMONOGRAPHER
De`mon*og"ra*pher, n. Etym: [Demon + -graph + -er.]

Defn: A demonologist. [R.] Am. Cyc.

DEMONOLATRY
De`mon*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr. dai`mwn demon + latrei`a worship,
démonolâtrie.]

Defn: The worship of demons.

DEMONOLOGER
De`mon*ol"o*ger, n.

Defn: One versed in demonology. R. North.

DEMONOLOGIC; DEMONOLOGICAL
De`mon*o*log"ic, De`mon*o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. démonologique.]

Defn: Of or Pertaining to demonology.

DEMONOLOGIST
De`mon*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who writes on, or is versed in, demonology.

DEMONOLOGY
De`mon*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Demon + -logy: cf. F. démonologie.]

Defn: A treatise on demons; a supposititious science which treats of
demons and their manifestations. Sir W. Scott.

DEMONOMAGY
De`mon*om"a*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. dai`mwn demon + magic.]

Defn: Magic in which the aid of demons is invoked; black or infernal
magic. Bp. Hurd.

DEMONOMANIA
De*mon`o*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Demon + mania.]

Defn: A form of madness in which the patient conceives himself
possessed of devils.

DEMONOMIST
De*mon"o*mist n.

Defn: One in subjection to a demon, or to demons. [R.] Sir T.
Herbert.

DEMONOMY
De*mon"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The dominion of demons. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.

DEMONRY
De"mon*ry, n.

Defn: Demoniacal influence or possession. J. Baillie.

DEMONSHIP
De"mon*ship, n.

Defn: The state of a demon. Mede.

DEMONSTRABILITY
De*mon`stra*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being demonstrable; demonstrableness.

DEMONSTRABLE
De*mon"stra*ble, a. Etym: [L. demonstrabilis: cf. OF. demonstrable,
F. démontrable.]

1. Capable of being demonstrated; that can be proved beyond doubt or
question.
The grand articles of our belief are as demonstrable as geometry.
Glanvill.

2. Proved; apparent. [Obs.] Shak.

DEMONSTRABLENESS
De*mon"stra*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being demonstrable; demonstrability.

DEMONSTRABLY
De*mon"stra*bly, adv.

Defn: In a demonstrable manner; incontrovertibly; clearly.
Cases that demonstrably concerned the public cause. Clarendon.

DEMONSTRANCE
De*mon"strance, n. Etym: [OF. demonstrance.]

Defn: Demonstration; proof. [Obs.] Holland.

DEMONSTRATE
Dem"on*strate, v. t. Etym: [L. demonstratus, p. p. of demonstrare to
demonstrate; de- + monstrare to show. See Monster.]

1. To point out; to show; to exhibit; to make evident. Shak.

2. To show, or make evident, by reasoning or proof; to prove by
deduction; to establish so as to exclude the possibility of doubt or
denial.
We can not demonstrate these things so as to show that the contrary
often involves a contradiction. Tillotson.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: To exhibit and explain (a dissection or other anatomical
preparation).

DEMONSTRATER
Dem"on*stra`ter, n.

Defn: See Demonstrator.

DEMONSTRATION
Dem`on*stra"tion, n. Etym: [L. demonstratio: cf. F. démonstration.]

1. The act of demonstrating; an exhibition; proof; especially, proof
beyond the possibility of doubt; indubitable evidence, to the senses
or reason.
Those intervening ideas which serve to show the agreement of any two
others are called "proofs;" and where agreement or disagreement is by
this means plainly and clearly perceived, it is called demonstration.
Locke.

2. An expression, as of the feelings, by outward signs; a
manifestation; a show.
Did your letters pierce the queen to any demonstration of grief Shak.
Loyal demonstrations toward the prince. Prescott.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The exhibition and explanation of a dissection or other
anatomical preparation.

4. (Mil.) a decisive exhibition of force, or a movement indicating an
attack.

5. (Logic)

Defn: The act of proving by the syllogistic process, or the proof
itself.

6. (Math.)

Defn: A course of reasoning showing that a certain result is a
necessary consequence of assumed premises; -- these premises being
definitions, axioms, and previously established propositions. Direct,
or Positive, demonstration (Logic & Math.), one in which the correct
conclusion is the immediate sequence of reasoning from axiomatic or
established premises; -- opposed to Indirect, or Negative,
demonstration (called also reductio ad absurdum), in which the
correct conclusion is an inference from the demonstration that any
other hypothesis must be incorrect.

DEMONSTRATIVE
De*mon"stra*tive, a. Etym: [F. démonstratif, L. demonstrativus.]

1. Having the nature of demonstration; tending to demonstrate; making
evident; exhibiting clearly or conclusively. "Demonstrative figures."
Dryden.
An argument necessary and demonstrative. Hooker.

2. Expressing, or apt to express, much; displaying feeling or
sentiment; as, her nature was demonstrative.

3. Consisting of eulogy or of invective. "Demonstrative eloquence."
Blair. Demonstrative pronoun (Gram.), a pronoun distinctly
designating that to which it refers.

DEMONSTRATIVE
De*mon"stra*tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: A demonstrative pronoun; as, "this" and "that" are
demonstratives.

DEMONSTRATIVELY
De*mon"stra*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner fitted to demonstrate; clearly; convincingly;
forcibly.

DEMONSTRATIVENESS
De*mon"stra*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being demonstrative.

DEMONSTRATOR
Dem"on*stra`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. démonstrateur.]

1. One who demonstrates; one who proves anything with certainty, or
establishes it by indubitable evidence.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A teacher of practical anatomy.

DEMONSTRATORY
De*mon"stra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to demonstrate; demonstrative. Johnson.

DEMORAGE
De*mor"age (; 48), n.

Defn: Demurrage. [Obs.] Pepys (1663).

DEMORALIZATION
De*mor`al*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. démoralisation.]

Defn: The act of corrupting or subverting morals. Especially: The act
of corrupting or subverting discipline, courage, hope, etc., or the
state of being corrupted or subverted in discipline, courage, etc.;
as, the demoralization of an army or navy.

DEMORALIZE
De*mor"al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Demoralized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Demoralizing.] Etym: [F. démoraliser; pref. dé- (L. dis- or de) +
moraliser. See Moralize.]

Defn: To corrupt or undermine in morals; to destroy or lessen the
effect of moral principles on; to render corrupt or untrustworthy in
morals, in discipline, in courage, spirit, etc.; to weaken in spirit
or efficiency.
The demoralizing example of profligate power and prosperous crime.
Walsh.
The vices of the nobility had demoralized the army. Bancroft.

DEMOSTHENIC
Dem`os*then"ic, a. Etym: [L. Demosthenicus: cf. F. Démosthénique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or in the style of, Demosthenes, the Grecian
orator.

DEMOTE
De*mote", v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Demoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Demoting.]
[Pref. de- + mote, as in promote; cf. L. demovere to remove.]

Defn: To reduce to a lower grade, as in school.

DEMOTIC
De*mot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. démotique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the people; popular; common. Demotic
alphabet or character, a form of writing used in Egypt after six or
seven centuries before Christ, for books, deeds, and other such
writings; a simplified form of the hieratic character; -- called also
epistolographic character, and enchorial character. See Enchorial.

DEMOTICS
De*mot"ics, n.

Defn: The department of knowledge relative to the care and culture of
the people; sociology in its broadest sense; -- in library
cataloguing.

DEMOUNT
De*mount", v. i.

Defn: To dismount. [R.]

DEMOUNTABLE
De*mount"a*ble, [See De-; Mount.]

Defn: Capable of being dismounted; -- said of a form of rim, for an
automobile wheel, which can be removed with its tire from the wheel.

DEMPNE
Demp"ne v. t.

Defn: To damn; to condemn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DEMPSTER; DEMSTER
Demp"ster, Dem"ster, n. Etym: [See Deemster.]

1. A deemster.

2. (O. Scots Law)

Defn: An officer whose duty it was to announce the doom or sentence
pronounced by the court.

DEMULCE
De*mulce", v. t. Etym: [L. demulcere; de- + mulcere to stroke,
soothe.]

Defn: To soothe; to mollify; to pacify; to soften. [R.] Sir T. Elyot.

DEMULCENT
De*mul"cent, a. Etym: [L. demulcens, p. pr. of demulcere.]

Defn: Softening; mollifying; soothing; assuasive; as, oil is
demulcent.

DEMULCENT
De*mul"cent, n. (Med.)

Defn: A substance, usually of a mucilaginous or oily nature, supposed
to be capable of soothing an inflamed nervous membrane, or protecting
i

DEMULSION
De*mul"sion, n.

Defn: The act of soothing; that which soothes. Feltham.

DEMUR
De*mur", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Demurred; p. pr. & vb. n. Demurring.]
Etym: [OF. demurer, demorer, demourer, to linger, stay, F. demeurer,
fr. L. demorari; de- + morari to delay, tarry, stay, mora delay;
prob. originally, time for thinking, reflection, and akin to memor
mindful. See Memory.]

1. To linger; to stay; to tarry. [Obs.]
Yet durst not demur nor abide upon the camp. Nicols.

2. To delay; to pause; to suspend proceedings or judgment in view of
a doubt or difficulty; to hesitate; to put off the determination or
conclusion of an affair.
Upon this rub, the English embassadors thought fit to demur. Hayward.

3. To scruple or object; to take exception; as, I demur to that
statement.

4. (Law)

Defn: To interpose a demurrer. See Demurrer, 2.

DEMUR
De*mur", v. t.

1. To suspend judgment concerning; to doubt of or hesitate about.
[Obs.]
The latter I demur, for in their looks Much reason, and in their
actions, oft appears. Milton.

2. To cause delay to; to put off. [Obs.]
He demands a fee, And then demurs me with a vain delay. Quarles.

DEMUR
De*mur", n. Etym: [OF. demor, demore, stay, delay. See Demur, v. i.]

Defn: Stop; pause; hesitation as to proceeding; suspense of decision
or action; scruple.
All my demurs but double his attacks; At last he whispers, "Do; and
we go snacks." Pope.

DEMURE
De*mure", a. Etym: [Perh. from OF. de murs (i. e., de bonnes murs of
good manners); de of + murs, mours, meurs, mors, F. m, fr. L. mores
(sing. mos) manners, morals (see Moral); or more prob. fr. OF. meür,
F. mûr mature, ripe (see Mature) in a phrase preceded by de, as de
mûre conduite of mature conduct.]

1. Of sober or serious mien; composed and decorous in bearing; of
modest look; staid; grave.
Sober, steadfast, and demure. Milton.
Nan was very much delighted in her demure way, and that delight
showed itself in her face and in her clear bright eyes. W. Black.

2. Affectedly modest, decorous, or serious; making a show of gravity.
A cat lay, and looked so demure, as if there had been neither life
nor soul in her. L'Estrange.
Miss Lizzy, I have no doubt, would be as demure and coquettish, as if
ten winters more had gone over her head. Miss Mitford.

DEMURE
De*mure", v. i.

Defn: To look demurely. [Obs.] Shak.

DEMURELY
De*mure"ly, adv.

Defn: In a demure manner; soberly; gravely; -- now, commonly, with a
mere show of gravity or modesty.
They . . . looked as demurely as they could; for 't was a hanging
matter to laugh unseasonably. Dryden.

DEMURENESS
De*mure"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being demure; gravity; the show of gravity or
modesty.

DEMURITY
De*mur"i*ty, n.

Defn: Demureness; also, one who is demure. Sir T. Browne.

DEMURRABLE
De*mur"ra*ble, a.

Defn: That may be demurred to. Stormonth.

DEMURRAGE
De*mur"rage, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. demorage delay. See Demur.] (Law)
(a) The detention of a vessel by the freighter beyond the time
allowed in her charter party for loading, unloading, or sailing.
(b) The allowance made to the master or owner of the ship for such
delay or detention.
The claim for demurrage ceases as soon as the ship is cleared out and
ready for sailing. M`Culloch.

Note: The term is also applied to similar delays and allowances in
land carriage, by wagons, railroads, etc.

DEMURRAL
De*mur"ral, n.

Defn: Demur; delay in acting or deciding.
The same causes of demurral existed which prevented British troops
from assisting in the expulsion of the French from Rome. Southey.

DEMURRER
De*mur"rer, n.

1. One who demurs.

2. (Law)

Defn: A stop or pause by a party to an action, for the judgment of
the court on the question, whether, assuming the truth of the matter
alleged by the opposite party, it is sufficient in law to sustain the
action or defense, and hence whether the party resting is bound to
answer or proceed further. Demurrer to evidence, an exception taken
by a party to the evidence offered by the opposite party, and an
objecting to proceed further, on the allegation that such evidence is
not sufficient in law to maintain the issue, and a reference to the
court to determine the point. Bouvier.

DEMY
De*my", n.; pl. Demies. Etym: [See Demi-.]

1. A printing and a writing paper of particular sizes. See under
Paper.

2. A half fellow at Magdalen College, Oxford. [Written also demi.]
He was elected into Magdalen College as a demy; a term by which that
society denominates those elsewhere called "scholars," young men who
partake of the founder's benefaction, and succeed in their order to
vacant fellowships. Johnson.

DEMY
De*my", a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or made of, the size of paper called demy; as, a
demy book.

DEN
Den, n. Etym: [AS. denn; perh. akin to G. tenne floor, thrashing
floor, and to AS. denu valley.]

1. A small cavern or hollow place in the side of a hill, or among
rocks; esp., a cave used by a wild beast for shelter or concealment;
as, a lion's den; a den of robbers.

2. A squalid place of resort; a wretched dwelling place; a haunt; as,
a den of vice. "Those squalid dens, which are the reproach of great
capitals." Addison.

3. Any snug or close retreat where one goes to be alone. [Colloq.]

4. Etym: [AS. denu.]

Defn: A narrow glen; a ravine; a dell. [Old Eng. & Scotch] Shak.

DEN
Den, v. i.

Defn: To live in, or as in, a den.
The sluggish salvages that den below. G. Fletcher.

DENARCOTIZE
De*nar"co*tize, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of narcotine; as, to denarcotize opium.
 -- De*nar`co*ti*za"tion, n.

DENARIUS
De*na"ri*us, n.; pl. Denarii. Etym: [L. See 2d Denier.]

Defn: A Roman silver coin of the value of about fourteen cents; the
"penny" of the New Testament; -- so called from being worth
originally ten of the pieces called as.

DENARY
Den"a*ry, a. Etym: [L. denarius. See 2d Denier.]

Defn: Containing ten; tenfold; proceeding by tens; as, the denary, or
decimal, scale.

DENARY
Den"a*ry, n.

1. The number ten; a division into ten.

2. A coin; the Anglicized form of denarius. Udall.

DENATIONALIZATION
De*na`tion*al*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dénationalisation.]

Defn: The or process of denationalizing.

DENATIONALIZE
De*na"tion*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Denationalized; p. pr. & vb.
n. Denationalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. dénationaliser.]

Defn: To divest or deprive of national character or rights.
Bonaparte's decree denationalizes, as he calls it, all ships that
have touched at a British port. Cobbett.
An expatriated, denationalized race. G. Eliot.

DENATURALIZE
De*nat"u*ral*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Denaturalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Denaturalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. dénaturaliser.]

1. To render unnatural; to alienate from nature.

2. To renounce the natural rights and duties of; to deprive of
citizenship; to denationalize. [R.]
They also claimed the privilege, when aggrieved, of denaturalizing
themselves, or, in other words, of publicly renouncing their
allegiance to their sovereign, and of enlisting under the banners of
his enemy. Prescott.

DENATURE
De*na"ture, v. t.  [De- + nature.]

Defn: To deprive of its natural qualities; change the nature of.

DENAY
De*nay", v. t. Etym: [See Deny.]

Defn: To deny. [Obs.]
That with great rage he stoutly doth denay. Spenser.

DENAY
De*nay", n.

Defn: Denial; refusal. [Obs.] Shak.

DENDRACHATE
Den"dra*chate, n. Etym: [L. dendrachates; Gr. dendrachate,
dendragate.] (Min.)

Defn: Arborescent or dendritic agate.

DENDRIFORM
Den"dri*form, a. Etym: [Gr. -form.]

Defn: Resembling in structure a tree or shrub.

DENDRITE
Den"drite, n. Etym: [Gr. dendrite.] (Min.)

Defn: A stone or mineral on or in which are branching figures
resembling shrubs or trees, produced by a foreign mineral, usually an
oxide of manganese, as in the moss agate; also, a crystallized
mineral having an arborescent form, e. g., gold or silver; an
arborization.

DENDRITIC; DENDRITICAL
Den*drit"ic, Den*drit"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a dendrite, or to arborescent crystallization;
having a form resembling a shrub or tree; arborescent.

DENDROCOELA
Den`dro*c, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the Turbellaria in which the digestive cavity
gives off lateral branches, which are often divided into smaller
branchlets.

DENDROID; DENDROIDAL
Den"droid, Den*droid"al, a. Etym: [Gr. dendroïde.]

Defn: Resembling a shrub or tree in form; treelike.

DENDROLITE
Den"dro*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. dendrolithe.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A petrified or fossil shrub, plant, or part of a plant.

DENDROLOGIST
Den*drol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in the natural history of trees.

DENDROLOGOUS
Den*drol"o*gous, a.

Defn: Relating to dendrology.

DENDROLOGY
Den*drol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. dendrologie.]

Defn: A discourse or treatise on trees; the natural history of trees.

DENDROMETER
Den*drom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. dendromètre.]

Defn: An instrument to measure the height and diameter of trees.

DENEGATE
Den"e*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. denegatus, p. p. of denegare. See Deny.]

Defn: To deny. [Obs.]

DENEGATION
Den`e*ga"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dénégation.]

Defn: Denial. [Obs.]

DENGUE
Den"gue, n. Etym: [See Note, below.] (Med.)

Defn: A specific epidemic disease attended with high fever, cutaneous
eruption, and severe pains in the head and limbs, resembling those of
rheumatism; -- called also breakbone fever. It occurs in India,
Egypt, the West Indies, etc., is of short duration, and rarely fatal.

Note: This disease, when it first appeared in the British West India
Islands, was called the dandy fever, from the stiffness and
constraint which it grave to the limbs and body. The Spaniards of the
neighboring islands mistook the term for their word dengue, denoting
prudery, which might also well express stiffness, and hence the term
dengue became, as last, the name of the disease. Tully.

DENIABLE
De*ni"a*ble, a. Etym: [See Deny.]

Defn: Capable of being, or liable to be, denied.

DENIAL
De*ni"al, n. Etym: [See Deny.]

1. The act of gainsaying, refusing, or disowning; negation; -- the
contrary of affirmation.
You ought to converse with so much sincerity that your bare
affirmation or denial may be sufficient. Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. A refusal to admit the truth of a statement, charge, imputation,
etc.; assertion of the untruth of a thing stated or maintained; a
contradiction.

3. A refusal to grant; rejection of a request.
The commissioners, . . . to obtain from the king's subjects as much
as they would willingly give, . . . had not to complain of many
peremptory denials. Hallam.

4. A refusal to acknowledge; disclaimer of connection with;
disavowal; -- the contrary of confession; as, the denial of a fault
charged on one; a denial of God. Denial of one's self, a declining of
some gratification; restraint of one's appetites or propensities;
self-denial.

DENIANCE
De*ni"ance, n.

Defn: Denial. [Obs.] E. Hall.

DENIER
De*ni"er, n.

Defn: One who denies; as, a denier of a fact, or of the faith, or of
Christ.

DENIER
De*nier", n. Etym: [F. denier, fr. L. denarius a Roman silver coin
orig. equiv. to ten asses, later, a copper, fr. deni ten by ten, fr.
the root of decem ten; akin to E. ten. See Ten, and cf. Denary,
Dinar.]

Defn: A small copper coin of insignificant value.
My dukedom to a beggarly denier. Shak.

DENIGRATE
Den"i*grate, v. t. Etym: [L. denigrare; de- + nigrare to blacken,
niger black.]

1. To blacken thoroughly; to make very black. Boyle.

2. Fig.: To blacken or sully; to defame. [R.]
To denigrate the memory of Voltaire. Morley.

DENIGRATION
Den`i*gra"tion, n. Etym: [L. denigratio.]

1. The act of making black. Boyle.

2. Fig.: A blackening; defamation.
The vigorous denigration of science. Morley.

DENIGRATOR
Den"i*gra`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, blackens.

DENIM
Den"im, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin.]

Defn: A coarse cotton drilling used for overalls, etc.

DENITRATION
Den`i*tra"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. de- + nitrate.]

Defn: A disengaging, or removal, of nitric acid.

DENITRIFICATION
De*ni`tri*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of freeing from nitrogen; also, the
condition resulting from the removal of nitrogen.

DENITRIFY
De*ni"tri*fy, v. t. Etym: [Pref. de- + nitrogen + -fy.]

Defn: To deprive of, or free from, nitrogen.

DENIZATION
Den`i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of making one a denizen or adopted citizen;
naturalization. Hallam.

DENIZE
De*nize", v. t.

Defn: To make a denizen; to confer the rights of citizenship upon; to
naturalize. [Obs.]
There was a private act made for denizing the children of Richard
HillStrype.

DENIZEN
Den"i*zen, n. Etym: [OF. denzein, deinzein, prop., one living (a city
or country); opposed to forain foreign, and fr. denz within, F. dans,
fr. L. de intus, prop., from within, intus being from in in. See In,
and cf. Foreign.]

1. A dweller; an inhabitant. "Denizens of air." Pope.
Denizens of their own free, independent state. Sir W. Scott.

2. One who is admitted by favor to all or a part of the rights of
citizenship, where he did not possess them by birth; an adopted or
naturalized citizen.

3. One admitted to residence in a foreign country.
Ye gods, Natives, or denizens, of blest abodes. Dryden.

DENIZEN
Den"i*zen, v. t.

1. To constitute (one) a denizen; to admit to residence, with certain
rights and privileges.
As soon as denizened, they domineer. Dryden.

2. To provide with denizens; to populate with adopted or naturalized
occupants.
There [islets] were at once denizened by various weeds. J. D. Hooker.

DENIZENATION
Den`i*zen*a"tion, n.

Defn: Denization; denizening. Abbott.

DENIZENIZE
Den"i*zen*ize, v. t.

Defn: To constitute (one) a denizen; to denizen. Abbott.

DENIZENSHIP
Den"i*zen*ship, n.

Defn: State of being a denizen.

DENMARK SATIN
Den"mark sat"in.

Defn: See under Satin.

DENNET
Den"net, n.

Defn: A light, open, two-wheeled carriage for one horse; a kind of
gig. ("The term and vehicle common about 1825." Latham.)

DENOMINABLE
De*nom"i*na*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being denominated or named. Sir T. Browne.

DENOMINATE
De*nom"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Denominated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Denominating.] Etym: [L. denominatus, p. p. of denominare to name;
de- + nominare to call by name. See Nominate.]

Defn: To give a name to; to characterize by an epithet; to entitle;
to name; to designate.
Passions commonly denominating selfish. Hume.

DENOMINATE
De*nom"i*nate, a. Etym: [L. denominatus, p. p.]

Defn: Having a specific name or denomination; specified in the
concrete as opposed to abstract; thus, 7 feet is a denominate
quantity, while 7 is mere abstract quantity or number. See Compound
number, under Compound.

DENOMINATION
De*nom`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. denominatio metonymy: cf. F.
dénomination a naming.]

1. The act of naming or designating.

2. That by which anything is denominated or styled; an epithet; a
name, designation, or title; especially, a general name indicating a
class of like individuals; a category; as, the denomination of units,
or of thousands, or of fourths, or of shillings, or of tons.
Those [qualities] which are classed under the denomination of
sublime. Burke.

3. A class, or society of individuals, called by the same name; a
sect; as, a denomination of Christians.

Syn.
 -- Name; appellation; title. See Name.

DENOMINATIONAL
De*nom`i*na"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a denomination, especially to a sect or society.
"Denominational differences." Buckle.

DENOMINATIONALISM
De*nom`i*na"tion*al*ism, n.

Defn: A denominational or class spirit or policy; devotion to the
interests of a sect or denomination.

DENOMINATIONALIST
De*nom`i*na"tion*al*ist, n.

Defn: One imbued with a denominational spirit. The Century.

DENOMINATIONALLY
De*nom`i*na"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a denominational manner; by denomination or sect.

DENOMINATIVE
De*nom`i*na"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. dénominatif.]

1. Conferring a denomination or name.

2. (Logic)

Defn: Connotative; as, a denominative name.

3. Possessing, or capable of possessing, a distinct denomination or
designation; denominable.
The least denominative part of time is a minute. Cocker.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: Derived from a substantive or an adjective; as, a denominative
verb.

DENOMINATIVE
De*nom`i*na"tive, n.

Defn: A denominative name or term; denominative verb. Jer. Taylor.
Harkness.

DENOMINATIVELY
De*nom`i*na"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By denomination.

DENOMINATOR
De*nom"i*na`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dénominateur.]

1. One who, or that which, gives a name; origin or source of a name.
This opinion that Aram . . . was the father and denomination of the
Syrians in general. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. (Arith.)

Defn: That number placed below the line in vulgar fractions which
shows into how many parts the integer or unit is divided.

Note: Thus, in denominator, showing that the integer is divided into
five parts; and the numerator, 3, shows how many parts are taken.

3. (Alg.)

Defn: That part of any expression under a fractional form which is
situated below the horizontal line signifying division.

Note: In this sense, the denominator is not necessarily a number, but
may be any expression, either positive or negative, real or
imaginary. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. )

DENOTABLE
De*not"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Denote.]

Defn: Capable of being denoted or marked. Sir T. Browne.

DENOTATE
De*no"tate, v. t. Etym: [L. denotatus, p. p. of denotare.]

Defn: To mark off; to denote. [Archaic]
These terms denotate a longer time. Burton.
What things should be denotated and signified by the color. Urquhart.

DENOTATION
De`no*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. denotatio: cf. F. dénotation.]

Defn: The marking off or separation of anything. Hammond.

DENOTATIVE
De*not"a*tive, a.

Defn: Having power to denote; designating or marking off.
Proper names are preëminently denotative; telling us that such as
object has such a term to denote it, but telling us nothing as to any
single attribute. Latham.

DENOTE
De*note", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Denoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Denoting.]
Etym: [L. denotare; de- + notare to mark, nota mark, sign, note: cf.
F. dénoter. See Note.]

1. To mark out plainly; to signify by a visible sign; to serve as the
sign or name of; to indicate; to point out; as, the hands of the
clock denote the hour.
The better to denote her to the doctor. Shak.

2. To be the sign of; to betoken; to signify; to mean.
A general expression to denote wickedness of every sort. Gilpin.

DENOTEMENT
De*note"ment, n.

Defn: Sign; indication. [R.]

Note: A word found in some editions of Shakespeare.

DENOTIVE
De*not"ive, a.

Defn: Serving to denote.

DENOUEMENT
Dé`noue`ment", n. Etym: [F. dénouement, fr. dénouer to untie; pref.
dé- (L. dis-) + nouer to tie, fr. L. nodus knot, perh. for gnodus and
akin to E. knot.]

1. The unraveling or discovery of a plot; the catastrophe, especially
of a drama or a romance.

2. The solution of a mystery; issue; outcome.

DENOUNCE
De*nounce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Denounced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Denouncing.] Etym: [F. dénoncer, OF. denoncier, fr. L. denuntiare,
denunciare; de- + nunciare, nuntiare, to announce, report, nuntius a
messenger, message. See Nuncio, and cf. Denunciate.]

1. To make known in a solemn or official manner; to declare; to
proclaim (especially an evil). [Obs.]
Denouncing wrath to come. Milton.
I denounce unto you this day, that ye shall surely perish. Deut. xxx.
18.

2. To proclaim in a threatening manner; to threaten by some outward
sign or expression.
His look denounced desperate. Milton.

3. To point out as deserving of reprehension or punishment, etc.; to
accuse in a threatening manner; to invoke censure upon; to
stigmatize.
Denounced for a heretic. Sir T. More.
To denounce the immoralities of Julius Cæsar. Brougham.

DENOUNCEMENT
De*nounce"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. denoncement.]

Defn: Solemn, official, or menacing announcement; denunciation.
[Archaic]
False is the reply of Cain, upon the denouncement of his curse. Sir
T. Browne.

DENOUNCER
De*noun"cer n.

Defn: One who denounces, or declares, as a menace.
Here comes the sad denouncer of my fate. Dryden.

DENSE
Dense, a. Etym: [L. densus; akin to Gr. dense.]

1. Having the constituent parts massed or crowded together; close;
compact; thick; containing much matter in a small space; heavy;
opaque; as, a dense crowd; a dense forest; a dense fog.
All sorts of bodies, firm and fluid, dense and rare. Ray.
To replace the cloudy barrier dense. Cowper.

2. Stupid; gross; crass; as, dense ignorance.

DENSELY
Dense"ly, adv.

Defn: In a dense, compact manner.

DENSENESS
Dense"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being dense; density.

DENSIMETER
Den*sim"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. densus dense + -meter: cf. F.
densimètre.]

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the specific gravity or density
of a substance.

DENSITY
Den"si*ty, n. Etym: [L. densitas; cf. F. densité.]

1. The quality of being dense, close, or thick; compactness; --
opposed to rarity.

2. (Physics)

Defn: The ratio of mass, or quantity of matter, to bulk or volume,
esp. as compared with the mass and volume of a portion of some
substance used as a standard.

Note: For gases the standard substance is hydrogen, at a temperature
of 0º Centigrade and a pressure of 760 millimeters. For liquids and
solids the standard is water at a temperature of 4º Centigrade. The
density of solids and liquids is usually called specific gravity, and
the same is true of gases when referred to air as a standard.

3. (Photog.)

Defn: Depth of shade. Abney.

DENT
Dent, n. Etym: [A variant of Dint.]

1. A stroke; a blow. [Obs.] "That dent of thunder." Chaucer.

2. A slight depression, or small notch or hollow, made by a blow or
by pressure; an indentation.
A blow that would have made a dent in a pound of butter. De Quincey.

DENT
Dent, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dented; p. pr. & vb. n. Denting.]

Defn: To make a dent upon; to indent.
The houses dented with bullets. Macaulay.

DENT
Dent, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. dens, dentis, tooth. See Tooth.] (Mach.)

Defn: A tooth, as of a card, a gear wheel, etc. Knight.

DENTAL
Den"tal, a. Etym: [L. dens, dentis, tooth: cf. F. dental. See Tooth.]

1. Of or pertaining to the teeth or to dentistry; as, dental surgery.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: Formed by the aid of the teeth; -- said of certain
articulations and the letters representing them; as, d t are dental
letters. Dental formula (Zoöl.), a brief notation used by zoölogists
to denote the number and kind of teeth of a mammal.
 -- Dental surgeon, a dentist.

DENTAL
Den"tal, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dentale. See Dental, a.]

1. An articulation or letter formed by the aid of the teeth.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine mollusk of the genus Dentalium, with a curved conical
shell resembling a tooth. See Dentalium.

DENTALISM
Den"tal*ism, n.

Defn: The quality of being formed by the aid of the teeth.

DENTALIUM
Den*ta"li*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. dens, dentis, tooth.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine mollusks belonging to the Scaphopoda, having
a tubular conical shell.

DENTARY
Den"ta*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or bearing, teeth.
 -- n.

Defn: The distal bone of the lower jaw in many animals, which may or
may not bear teeth.

DENTATE; DENTATED
Den"tate, Den"ta*ted, a. Etym: [L. dentatus, fr. dens, dentis,
tooth.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Toothed; especially, with the teeth projecting straight out,
not pointed either forward or backward; as, a dentate leaf.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having teeth or toothlike points. See Illust. of Antennæ.

DENTATE-CILIATE
Den"tate-cil"i*ate, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the margin dentate and also ciliate or fringed with
hairs.

DENTATELY
Den"tate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dentate or toothed manner; as, dentately ciliated, etc.

DENTATE-SINUATE
Den"tate-sin"u*ate, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a form intermediate between dentate and sinuate.

DENTATION
Den*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Formation of teeth; toothed form. [R.]
How did it [a bill] get its barb, its dentation Paley.

DENTED
Dent"ed, a. Etym: [From Dent, v. t.]

Defn: Indented; impressed with little hollows.

DENTEL
Dent"el, n.

Defn: Same as Dentil.

DENTELLE
Den*telle", n. Etym: [F.] (Bookbinding)

Defn: An ornamental tooling like lace. Knight.

DENTELLI
Den*tel"li, n. pl. Etym: [It., sing. dentello, prop., little tooth,
dim. of dente tooth, L. dens, dentis. Cf. Dentil.]

Defn: Modillions. Spectator.

DENTEX
Den"tex, n. Etym: [NL., cf. L. dentix a sort of sea fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An edible European marine fish (Sparus dentex, or Dentex
vulgaris) of the family Percidæ.

DENTICETE
Den`ti*ce"te, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. dens, dentis, tooth + cetus,
pl. cete, whale, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Cetacea in which the teeth are developed,
including the sperm whale, dolphins, etc.

DENTICLE
Den"ti*cle, n. Etym: [L. denticulus a little tooth, dim. of dens,
dentis, tooth. See Dental, and cf. Dentelli.]

Defn: A small tooth or projecting point.

DENTICULATE; DENTICULATED
Den*tic"u*late, Den*tic"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. denticulatus, fr.
denticulus. See Denticle.]

Defn: Furnished with denticles; notched into little toothlike
projections; as, a denticulate leaf of calyx.
 -- Den*tic"u*late*ly, adv.

DENTICULATION
Den*tic`u*la"tion, n.

1. The state of being set with small notches or teeth. Grew.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: A diminutive tooth; a denticle.

DENTIFEROUS
Den*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. dens, dentis, tooth + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing teeth; dentigerous.

DENTIFORM
Den"ti*form, a. Etym: [L. dens, dentis, tooth + -form: cf. F.
dentiforme.]

Defn: Having the form of a tooth or of teeth; tooth-shaped.

DENTIFRICE
Den"ti*frice, n. Etym: [L. dentifricium; dens, dentis, tooth +
fricare to rub: cf. F. dentifrice. See Tooth, and Friction.]

Defn: A powder or other substance to be used in cleaning the teeth;
tooth powder.

DENTIGEROUS
Den*tig"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. dens, dentis, tooth + -gerous.]

Defn: Bearing teeth or toothlike structures.

DENTIL
Den"til, n. Etym: [LL. dentillus, for L. denticulus. Cf. Dentelli,
Denticle, Dentile.] (Arch.)

Defn: A small square block or projection in cornices, a number of
which are ranged in an ornamental band; -- used particularly in the
Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite orders.

DENTILABIAL
Den`ti*la"bi*al, a.

Defn: Formed by the teeth and the lips, or representing a sound so
formed.
 -- n.

Defn: A dentilabial sound or letter.

DENTILATED
Den"ti*la`ted, a.

Defn: Toothed.

DENTILATION
Den`ti*la"tion, n.

Defn: Dentition.

DENTILAVE
Den"ti*lave, n. Etym: [L. dens, dentis, tooth + lavare to wash.]

Defn: A wash for cleaning the teeth.

DENTILE
Den"tile, n. Etym: [LL. dentillus, for L. denticulus. See Dentil.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A small tooth, like that of a saw.

DENTILINGUAL
Den`ti*lin"gual, a. Etym: [L. dens tooth + E. lingual.]

Defn: Produced by applying the tongue to the teeth or to the gums; or
representing a sound so formed.
 -- n.

Defn: A dentilingual sound or letter.
The letters of this fourth, dentilingual or linguidental, class,
viz., d, t, s, z, l, r. Am. Cyc.

DENTILOQUIST
Den*til"o*quist, n.

Defn: One who speaks through the teeth, that is, with the teeth
closed.

DENTILOQUY
Den*til"o*quy, n. Etym: [L. dens, dentis, tooth + loqui to speak.]

Defn: The habit or practice of speaking through the teeth, or with
them closed.

DENTINAL
Den"ti*nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to dentine.

DENTINE
Den"tine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dentine.] (Anat.)

Defn: The dense calcified substance of which teeth are largely
composed. It contains less animal matter than bone, and in the teeth
of man is situated beneath the enamel.

DENTIPHONE
Den"ti*phone, n. Etym: [L. dens, dentis, tooth + Gr.

Defn: An instrument which, placed against the teeth, conveys sound to
the auditory nerve; an audiphone. Knight.

DENTIROSTER
Den`ti*ros"ter, n.; pl. Dentirostres. Etym: [NL., fr. L. dens,
dentis, tooth + rostrum bill, beak: cf. F. dentirostre.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dentirostral bird.

DENTIROSTRAL
Den`ti*ros"tral, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a toothed bill; -- applied to a group of passerine
birds, having the bill notched, and feeding chiefly on insects, as
the shrikes and vireos. See Illust. (N) under Beak.

DENTIROSTRATE
Den`ti*ros"trate, a.

Defn: Dentirostral.

DENTISCALP
Den"ti*scalp, n. Etym: [L. dens tooth + scalpere to scrape.]

Defn: An instrument for scraping the teeth.

DENTIST
Den"tist, n. Etym: [From L. dens, dentis, tooth: cf. F. dentiste. See
Tooth.]

Defn: One whose business it is to clean, extract, or repair natural
teeth, and to make and insert artificial ones; a dental surgeon.

DENTISTIC; DENTISTICAL
Den*tis"tic, Den*tis"ti*cal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to dentistry or to dentists. [R.]

DENTISTRY
Den"tist*ry, n.

Defn: The art or profession of a dentist; dental surgery.

DENTITION
Den*ti"tion, n. Etym: [L. dentitio, fr. dentire to cut teeth, fr.
dens, dentis, tooth. See Dentist.]

1. The development and cutting of teeth; teething.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The system of teeth peculiar to an animal.

DENTIZE
Den"tize, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Dentized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dentizing.] Etym: [L. dens, dentis, tooth.]

Defn: To breed or cut new teeth. [R.]
The old countess . . . did dentize twice or thrice. Bacon.

DENTOID
Den"toid, a. Etym: [L. dens, dentis, tooth + -oid.]

Defn: Shaped like a tooth; tooth-shaped.

DENTOLINGUAL
Den`to*lin"gual, a.

Defn: Dentilingual.

DENTURE
Den"ture, n. Etym: [L. dens, dentis, tooth: cf. F. denture, OF.
denteure.] (Dentistry)

Defn: An artificial tooth, block, or set of teeth.

DENUDATE
De*nud"ate, v. t. Etym: [L. denudatus, p. p. of denudare. See
Denude.]

Defn: To denude. [Obs. or R.]

DENUDATION
Den`u*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. denudatio: cf. F. dénudation.]

1. The act of stripping off covering, or removing the surface; a
making bare.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: The laying bare of rocks by the washing away of the overlying
earth, etc.; or the excavation and removal of them by the action of
running water.

DENUDE
De*nude", v. t. Etym: [L. denudare; de- + nudare to make naked or
bare, nudus naked. See Nude.]

Defn: To divest of all covering; to make bare or naked; to strip; to
divest; as, to denude one of clothing, or lands.

DENUNCIATE
De*nun"ci*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. denuntiatus, denunciatus, p. p. of
denuntiare, -ciare. See Denounce.]

Defn: To denounce; to condemn publicly or solemnly. [R.]
To denunciate this new work. Burke.

DENUNCIATION
De*nun`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. denuntiatio, -ciatio.]

1. Proclamation; announcement; a publishing. [Obs.]
Public . . . denunciation of banns before marriage. Bp. Hall.

2. The act of denouncing; public menace or accusation; the act of
inveighing against, stigmatizing, or publicly arraigning;
arraignment.

3. That by which anything is denounced; threat of evil; public menace
or accusation; arraignment.
Uttering bold denunciations of ecclesiastical error. Motley.

DENUNCIATIVE
De*nun"ci*a*tive, a. Etym: [L. denuntiativus, -ciativus, monitory.]

Defn: Same as Denunciatory. Farrar.

DENUNCIATOR
De*nun"ci*a`tor, n. Etym: [L. denuntiator, -ciator, a police
officer.]

Defn: One who denounces, publishes, or proclaims, especially intended
or coming evil; one who threatens or accuses.

DENUNCIATORY
De*nun"ci*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Characterized by or containing a denunciation; minatory;
accusing; threatening; as, severe and denunciatory language.

DENUTRITION
De`nu*tri"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The opposition of nutrition; the failure of nutrition causing
the breaking down of tissue.

DENY
De*ny", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Denied; p. pr. & vb. n. Denying.] Etym:
[OE. denien, denaien, OF. denier, deneer, F. dénier, fr. L. denegare;
de- + negare to say no, deny. See Negation.]

1. To declare not to be true; to gainsay; to contradict; -- opposed
to affirm, allow, or admit.

Note: We deny what another says, or we deny the truth of an
assertion, the force of it, or the assertion itself.

2. To refuse (to do something or to accept something); to reject; to
decline; to renounce. [Obs.] "If you deny to dance." Shak.

3. To refuse to grant; to withhold; to refuse to gratify or yield to;
as, to deny a request.
Who finds not Providence all good and wise, Alike in what it gives,
and what denies Pope.
To some men, it is more agreeable to deny a vicious inclination, than
to gratify it. J. Edwards.

4. To disclaim connection with, responsibility for, and the like; to
refuse to acknowledge; to disown; to abjure; to disavow.
The falsehood of denying his opinion. Bancroft.
Thou thrice denied, yet thrice beloved. Keble.
To deny one's self, to decline the gratification of appetites or
desires; to practice self-denial.
Let him deny himself, and take up his cross. Matt. xvi. 24.

DENY
De*ny", v. i.

Defn: To answer in
Then Sarah denied, saying, I laughed not; for she was afraid. Gen.
xviii. 15.

DENYINGLY
De*ny"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of one denies a request. Tennyson.

DEOBSTRUCT
De`ob*struct", v. t.

Defn: To remove obstructions or impediments in; to clear from
anything that hinders the passage of fluids; as, to deobstruct the
pores or lacteals. Arbuthnot.

DEOBSTRUENT
De*ob"stru*ent, a. (Med.)

Defn: Removing obstructions; having power to clear or open the
natural ducts of the fluids and secretions of the body; aperient.
 -- n.

Defn: (Med.) A medicine which removes obstructions; an aperient.

DEODAND
De"o*dand`, n. Etym: [LL. deodandum, fr. L. Deo dandum to be given to
God.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: A personal chattel which had caused the death of a person, and
for that reason was given to God, that is, forfeited to the crown, to
be applied to pious uses, and distributed in alms by the high
almoner. Thus, if a cart ran over a man and killed him, it was
forfeited as a deodand.

Note: Deodands are unknown in American law, and in 1846 were
abolished in England.

DEODAR
De`o*dar", n. Etym: [Native name, fr. Skr. d, prop., timber of the
gods.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of cedar (Cedrus Deodara), growing in India, highly
valued for its size and beauty as well as for its timber, and also
grown in England as an ornamental tree.

DEODATE
De"o*date`, n. Etym: [L. Deo to God (Deus God) + datum thing given.]

Defn: A gift or offering to God. [Obs.]
Wherein that blessed widow's deodate was laid up. Hooker.

DEODORANT
De*o"dor*ant, n.

Defn: A deodorizer.

DEODORIZATION
De*o`dor*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of depriving of odor, especially of offensive odors
resulting from impurities.

DEODORIZE
De*o"dor*ize, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of odor, especially of such as results from
impurities.

DEODORIZER
De*o"dor*i`zer, n.

Defn: He who, or that which, deodorizes; esp., an agent that destroys
offensive odors.

DEONERATE
De*on"er*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. deoneratus, p. p. of deonerare. See
Onerate.]

Defn: To unload; to disburden. [Obs.] Cockeram.

DEONTOLOGICAL
De*on`to*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to deontology.

DEONTOLOGIST
De`on*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in deontology.

DEONTOLOGY
De`on*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science relat J. Bentham.

DEOPERCULATE
De`o*per"cu*late, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the lid removed; -- said of the capsules of mosses.

DEOPPILATE
De*op"pi*late, v. t.

Defn: To free from obstructions; to clear a passage through. [Obs.]
Boyle.

DEOPPILATION
De*op`pi*la"tion, n.

Defn: Removal of whatever stops up the passages. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

DEOPPILATIVE
De*op"pi*la*tive, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Deobstruent; aperient. [Obs.] Harvey.

DEORDINATION
De*or`di*na"tion, n. Etym: [LL. deordinatio depraved morality.]

Defn: Disorder; dissoluteness. [Obs.]
Excess of rideordination. Jer. Taylor.

DEOSCULATE
De*os"cu*late, v. t. Etym: [L. deosculatus, p. p. of deosculari. See
Osculate.]

Defn: To kiss warmly. [Obs.] -- De*os`cu*la"tion, n. [Obs.]

DEOXIDATE
De*ox"i*date, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To deoxidize.

DEOXIDATION
De*ox`i*da"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of reducing from the state of an oxide.

DEOXIDIZATION
De*ox`i*di*za"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Deoxidation.

DEOXIDIZE
De*ox"i*dize, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To deprive of oxygen; to reduce from the state of an oxide.

DEOXIDIZER
De*ox"i*di`zer, n. (Chem.)

Defn: That which removes oxygen; hence, a reducing agent; as, nascent
hydrogen is a deoxidizer.

DEOXYGENATE
De*ox"y*gen*ate, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To deoxidize. [Obs.]

DEOXYGENATION
De*ox`y*gen*a"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or operation of depriving of oxygen.

DEOXYGENIZE
De*ox"y*gen*ize, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To deoxidize.

DEPAINT
De*paint", p. p. Etym: [F. dépeint, p. p. of dépeindre to paint, fr.
L. depingere. See Depict, p. p.]

Defn: Painted. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DEPAINT
De*paint", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depainted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Depainting.]

1. To paint; to picture; hence, to describe; to delineate in words;
to depict. [Obs.]
And do unwilling worship to the saint That on his shield depainted he
did see. Spenser.
In few words shall see the nature of many memorable persons . . .
depainted. Holland.

2. To mark with, or as with, color; to color.
Silver drops her vermeil cheeks depaint. Fairfax.

DEPAINTER
De*paint"er n.

Defn: One who depaints. [Obs.]

DEPARDIEUX
De*par"dieux`, interj. Etym: [OF., a corruption of de part Dieu,
lit., on the part of God.]

Defn: In God's name; certainly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DEPART
De*part", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Departed; p. pr. & vb. n. Departing.]
Etym: [OE. departen to divide, part, depart, F. départir to divide,
distribute, se départir to separate one's self, depart; pref. dé- (L.
de) + partir to part, depart, fr. L. partire, partiri, to divide, fr.
pars part. See Part.]

1. To part; to divide; to separate. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To go forth or away; to quit, leave, or separate, as from a place
or a person; to withdraw; -- opposed to arrive; -- often with from
before the place, person, or thing left, and for or to before the
destination.
I will depart to mine own land. Num. x. 30.
Ere thou from hence depart. Milton.
He which hath no stomach to this fight, Let him depart. Shak.

3. To forsake; to abandon; to desist or deviate (from); not to adhere
to; -- with from; as, we can not depart from our rules; to depart
from a title or defense in legal pleading.
If the plan of the convention be found to depart from republican
principles. Madison.

4. To pass away; to perish.
The glory is departed from Israel. 1 Sam. iv. 21.

5. To quit this world; to die.
Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace. Luke ii. 29.
To depart with, to resign; to part with. [Obs.] Shak.

DEPART
De*part", v. t.

1. To part thoroughly; to dispart; to divide; to separate. [Obs.]
Till death departed them, this life they lead. Chaucer.

2. To divide in order to share; to apportion. [Obs.]
And here is gold, and that full great plentee, That shall departed
been among us three. Chaucer.

3. To leave; to depart from. "He departed this life." Addison. "Ere I
depart his house." Shak.

DEPART
De*part", n. Etym: [Cf. F. départ, fr. départir.]

1. Division; separation, as of compound substances into their
ingredients. [Obs.]
The chymists have a liquor called water of depart. Bacon.

2. A going away; departure; hence, death. [Obs.]
At my depart for France. Shak.
Your loss and his depart. Shak.

DEPARTABLE
De*part"a*ble, a.

Defn: Divisible. [Obs.] Bacon.

DEPARTER
De*part"er, n.

1. One who refines metals by separation. [Obs.]

2. One who departs.

DEPARTMENT
De*part"ment, n. Etym: [F. département, fr. départir. See Depart, v.
i.]

1. Act of departing; departure. [Obs.]
Sudden departments from one extreme to another. Wotton.

2. A part, portion, or subdivision.

3. A distinct course of life, action, study, or the like; appointed
sphere or walk; province.
Superior to Pope in Pope's own peculiar department of literature.
Macaulay.

4. Subdivision of business or official duty; especially, one of the
principal divisions of executive government; as, the treasury
department; the war department; also, in a university, one of the
divisions of instructions; as, the medical department; the department
of physics.

5. A territorial division; a district; esp., in France, one of the
districts composed of several arrondissements into which the country
is divided for governmental purposes; as, the Department of the
Loire.

6. A military subdivision of a country; as, the Department of the
Potomac.

DEPARTMENTAL
De`part*men"tal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a department or division. Burke.

DEPARTMENT STORE
De*part"ment store.

Defn: A store keeping a great variety of goods which are arranged in
several departments, esp. one with dry goods as the principal stock.

DEPARTURE
De*par"ture, n. Etym: [From Depart.]

1. Division; separation; putting away. [Obs.]
No other remedy . . . but absolute departure. Milton.

2. Separation or removal from a place; the act or process of
departing or going away.
Departure from this happy place. Milton.

3. Removal from the present life; death; decease.
The time of my departure is at hand. 2 Tim. iv. 6.
His timely departure . . . barred him from the knowledge of his son's
miseries. Sir P. Sidney.

4. Deviation or abandonment, as from or of a rule or course of
action, a plan, or a purpose.
Any departure from a national standard. Prescott.

5. (Law)

Defn: The desertion by a party to any pleading of the ground taken by
him in his last antecedent pleading, and the adoption of another.
Bouvier.

6. (Nav. & Surv.)

Defn: The distance due east or west which a person or ship passes
over in going along an oblique line.

Note: Since the meridians sensibly converge, the departure in
navigation is not measured from the beginning nor from the end of the
ship's course, but is regarded as the total easting or westing made
by the ship or person as he travels over the course. To take a
departure (Nav. & Surv.), to ascertain, usually by taking bearings
from a landmark, the position of a vessel at the beginning of a
voyage as a point from which to begin her dead reckoning; as, the
ship took her departure from Sandy Hook.

Syn.
 -- Death; demise; release. See Death.

DEPASCENT
De*pas"cent, a. Etym: [L. depascens, p. pr. of depascere; de- +
pascere to feed.]

Defn: Feeding. [R.]

DEPASTURE
De*pas"ture, v. t. & i.

Defn: To pasture; to feed; to graze; also, to use for pasture. [R.]
Cattle, to graze and departure in his grounds. Blackstone.
A right to cut wood upon or departure land. Washburn.

DEPATRIATE
De*pa"tri*ate, v. t. & i. Etym: [L. de- + patria one's country.]

Defn: To withdraw, or cause to withdraw, from one's country; to
banish. [Obs.]
A subject born in any state May, if he please, depatriate. Mason.

DEPAUPERATE
De*pau"per*ate, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Depauperated; p. pr. & vb.
n. Depauperating.] Etym: [LL. depauperatus, p. p. depauperare to
impoverish; L. de- + pauperare to make poor, pauper poor.]

Defn: To make poor; to impoverish.
Liming does not depauperate; the ground will last long, and bear
large grain. Mortimer.
Humility of mind which depauperates the spirit. Jer. Taylor.

DEPAUPERATE
De*pau"per*ate, a. Etym: [L. depauperatus, p. p.] (Bot.)

Defn: Falling short of the natural size, from being impoverished or
starved. Gray.

DEPAUPERIZE
De*pau"per*ize, v. t.

Defn: To free from paupers; to rescue from poverty. [R.]

DEPEACH
De*peach", v. t. Etym: [L. dépêcher. See Dispatch.]

Defn: To discharge. [Obs.]
As soon as the party . . . before our justices shall be depeached.
Hakluyt.

DEPECTIBLE
De*pec"ti*ble, a. Etym: [L. depectere to comb off; de- + pectere to
comb.]

Defn: Tough; thick; capable of extension. [Obs.]
Some bodies are of a more depectible nature than oil. Bacon.

DEPECULATION
De*pec`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. depeculari, p. p. depeculatus, to rob.
See Peculate.]

Defn: A robbing or embezzlement. [Obs.]
Depeculation of the public treasure. Hobbes.

DEPEINCT
De*peinct", v. t. Etym: [See Depaint.]

Defn: To paint. [Obs.] Spenser.

DEPEND
De*pend", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Depended; p. pr. & vb. n. Depending.]
Etym: [F. dépendre, fr. L. depend; de- + pend to hang. See Pendant.]

1. To hang down; to be sustained by being fastened or attached to
something above.
And ever-living lamps depend in rows. Pope.

2. To hang in suspense; to be pending; to be undetermined or
undecided; as, a cause depending in court.
You will not think it unnatural that those who have an object
depending, which strongly engages their hopes and fears, should be
somewhat inclined to superstition. Burke.

3. To rely for support; to be conditioned or contingent; to be
connected with anything, as a cause of existence, or as a necessary
condition; -- followed by on or upon, formerly by of.
The truth of God's word dependeth not of the truth of the
congregation. Tyndale.
The conclusion . . . that our happiness depends little on political
institutions, and much on the temper and regulation of our own minds.
Macaulay.
Heaven forming each on other to depend. Pope.

4. To trust; to rest with confidence; to rely; to confide; to be
certain; -- with on or upon; as, we depend on the word or assurance
of our friends; we depend on the mail at the usual hour.
But if you 're rough, and use him like a dog, Depend upon it -- he
'll remain incog. Addison.

5. To serve; to attend; to act as a dependent or retainer. [Obs.]
Shak.

6. To impend. [Obs.] Shak.

DEPENDABLE
De*pend"a*ble, a.

Defn: Worthy of being depended on; trustworthy. "Dependable
friendships." Pope.

DEPENDANT; DEPENDANCE; DEPENDANCY
De*pend"ant, De*pend"ance, n., De*pend"an*cy, n.

Defn: See Dependent, Dependence, Dependency.

Note: The forms dependant, dependance, dependancy are from the
French; the forms dependent, etc., are from the Latin. Some
authorities give preference to the form dependant when the word is a
noun, thus distinguishing it from the adjective, usually written
dependent.

DEPENDENCE
De*pend"ence, n. Etym: [LL. dependentia, fr. L. dependens. See
Dependent, and cf. Dependance.]

1. The act or state of depending; state of being dependent; a hanging
down or from; suspension from a support.

2. The state of being influenced and determined by something;
subjection (as of an effect to its cause).
The cause of effects, and the dependence of one thing upon another.
Bp. Burnet.

3. Mutu
So dark adependence or order. Sir T. More.

4. Subjection to the direction or disposal of another; inability to
help or provide for one's self.
Reduced to a servile dependence on their mercy. Burke.

5. A resting with confidence; reliance; trust.
Affectionate dependence on the Creator is the spiritual life of the
soul. T. Erskine.

6. That on which one depends or relies; as, he was her sole
dependence.

7. That which depends; anything dependent or suspended; anything
attached a subordinate to, or contingent on, something else.
Like a large cluster of black grapes they show And make a large
dependence from the bough. Dryden.

8. A matter depending, or in suspense, and still to be determined;
ground of controversy or quarrel. [Obs.]
To go on now with my first dependence. Beau. & Fl.

DEPENDENCY
De*pend"en*cy, n.; pl. Dependencies (.

1. State of being dependent; dependence; state of being subordinate;
subordination; concatenation; connection; reliance; trust.
Any long series of action, the parts of which have very much
dependency each on the other. Sir J. Reynolds.
So that they may acknowledge their dependency on the crown of
England. Bacon.

2. A thing hanging down; a dependence.

3. That which is attached to something else as its consequence,
subordinate, satellite, and the like.
This earth and its dependencies. T. Burnet.
Modes I call such complex ideas which . . . are considered as
dependencies on or affections of substances. Locke.

4. A territory remote from the kingdom or state to which it belongs,
but subject to its dominion; a colony; as, Great Britain has its
dependencies in Asia, Africa, and America.

Note: Dependence is more used in the abstract, and dependency in the
concrete. The latter is usually restricted in meaning to 3 and 4.

DEPENDENT
De*pend"ent, a. Etym: [L. dependens, -entis, p. pr. dependere. See
Depend, and cf. Dependant.]

1. Hanging down; as, a dependent bough or leaf.

2. Relying on, or subject to, something else for support; not able to
exist, or sustain itself, or to perform anything, without the will,
power, or aid of something else; not self-sustaining; contingent or
conditioned; subordinate; -- often with on or upon; as, dependent on
God; dependent upon friends.
England, long dependent and degraded, was again a power of the first
rank. Macaulay.
Dependent covenant or contract (Law), one not binding until some
connecting stipulation is performed.
 -- Dependent variable (Math.), a varying quantity whose changes are
arbitrary, but are regarded as produced by changes in another
variable, which is called the independent variable.

DEPENDENT
De*pend"ent, n.

1. One who depends; one who is sustained by another, or who relies on
another for support of favor; a hanger-on; a retainer; as, a numerous
train of dependents.
A host of dependents on the court, suborned to play their part as
witnesses. Hallam.

2. That which depends; corollary; consequence.
With all its circumstances and dependents. Prynne.

Note: See the Note under Dependant.

DEPENDENTLY
De*pend"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dependent manner.

DEPENDER
De*pend"er, n.

Defn: One who depends; a dependent.

DEPENDINGLY
De*pend"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: As having dependence. Hale.

DEPEOPLE
De*peo"ple, v. t.

Defn: To depopulate. [Obs.]

DEPERDIT
De*per"dit, n. Etym: [LL. deperditum, fr. L. deperditus, p. p. of
deperdere; de- + perdere to lose, destroy.]

Defn: That which is lost or destroyed. [R.] Paley.

DEPERDITELY
De*per"dite*ly

Defn: , adv. Hopelessly; despairingly; in the manner of one ruined;
as, deperditely wicked. [Archaic]

DEPERDITION
Dep`er*di"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. déperdition.]

Defn: Loss; destruction. [Archaic] Sir T. Browne.

DEPERTIBLE
De*per"ti*ble, a. Etym: [See Depart.]

Defn: Divisible. [Obs.] Bacon.

DEPHASE
De*phase", v. t. (Elec.)

Defn: To put out of phase, as two parts of a single alternating
current.

DEPHLEGM
De*phlegm", v. t. Etym: [Pref. de- + phlegm water; cf. F. déphlegmer,
déflegmer.] (O. Chem.)

Defn: To rid of phlegm or water; to dephlegmate. [Obs.] Boyle.

DEPHLEGMATE
De*phleg"mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dephlegmated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dephlegmating.] Etym: [See Dephlegm.] (Chem.)

Defn: To deprive of superabundant water, as by evaporation or
distillation; to clear of aqueous matter; to rectify; -- used of
spirits and acids.

DEPHLEGMATION
De`phleg*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. déflegmation.] (Chem.)

Defn: The operation of separating water from spirits and acids, by
evaporation or repeated distillation; -- called also concentration,
especially when acids are the subject of it. [Obs.]

DEPHLEGMATOR
De*phleg"ma*tor, n.

Defn: An instrument or apparatus in which water is separated by
evaporation or distillation; the part of a distilling apparatus in
which the separation of the vapors is effected.

DEPHLEGMATORY
De*phleg"ma*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or producing, dephlegmation.

DEPHLEGMEDNESS
De*phlegm"ed*ness, n.

Defn: A state of being freed from water. [Obs.] Boyle.

DEPHLOGISTICCATE
De`phlo*gis"tic*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dephlogisticated; p. pr. &
vb. n. Dephlogisticating.] Etym: [Pref. de- + phlosticate: cf. F.
déphlogistiguer.] (O. Chem.)

Defn: To deprive of phlogiston, or the supposed principle of
inflammability. Priestley. Dephlogisticated air, oxygen gas; -- so
called by Dr. Priestly and others of his time.
 -- De`phlo*gis`ti*ca"tion, n.

DEPHOSPHORIZATION
De*phos`phor*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of freeing from phosphorous.

DEPICT
De*pict", p. p. Etym: [L. depictus, p. p. of depingere to depict; de-
+ pingere to paint. See Paint, and cf. Depaint, p. p.]

Defn: Depicted. Lydgate.

DEPICT
De*pict", p. p. Etym: [L. depictus, p. p. of depinger to depict; de-
+ pingere to paint. See Paint, and cf. Depaint, p. p.]

Defn: Depicted. Lydgate.

DEPICT
De*pict", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depicted; p. pr. & vb. n. Depicting.]

1. To form a colored likeness of; to represent by a picture; to
paint; to portray.
His arms are fairly depicted in his chamber. Fuller.

2. To represent in words; to describe vividly.
Cæsar's gout was then depicted in energetic language. Motley.

DEPICTION
De*pic"tion, n. Etym: [L. depictio.]

Defn: A painting or depicting; a representation.

DEPICTURE
De*pic"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depictured; p. pr. & vb. n.
Depicturing.]

Defn: To make a picture of; to paint; to picture; to depict.
Several persons were depictured in caricature. Fielding.

DEPILATE
Dep"i*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depilated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Depilating.] Etym: [L. depilatus, p. p. of depilare to depilate; de-
+ pilare to put forth hairs, pilus hair.]

Defn: To strip of hair; to husk. Venner.

DEPILATION
Dep`i*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dépilation.]

Defn: Act of pulling out or removing the hair; unhairing. Dryden.

DEPILATORY
De*pil"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. dépilatoire.]

Defn: Having the quality or power of removing hair.
 -- n.

Defn: An application used to take off hair.

DEPILOUS
Dep"i*lous, a. Etym: [Pref. de- + pilous: cf. L. depilis.]

Defn: Hairless. Sir t. Browne.

DEPLANATE
De*pla"nate, a. Etym: [L. deplanetus, p. p. of deplanare to make
level. See Plane, v. t.] (Bot.)

Defn: Flattened; made level or even.

DEPLANT
De*plant", v. t. Etym: [Pref. de- + plan: cf. F. déplanter, L.
deplantare to take off a twig. See Plant, v. t.]

Defn: To take up (plants); to transplant. [R.]

DEPLANTATION
De`plan*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. déplantation.]

Defn: Act of taking up plants from beds.

DEPLETE
De*plete", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depleted; p. pr. & vb. n. Depleting.]
Etym: [From L. deplere to empty out; de- + plere to fill. Forined
like replete, complete. See Fill, Full, a.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: To empty or unload, as the vessels of human system, by
bloodletting or by medicine. Copland.

2. To reduce by destroying or consuming the vital powers of; to
exhaust, as a country of its strength or resources, a treasury of
money, etc. Saturday Review.

DEPLETION
De*ple"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. déplétion.]

1. The act of depleting or emptying.

2. (Med.)

Defn: the act or process of diminishing the quantity of fluid in the
vessels by bloodletting or otherwise; also excessive evacuation, as
in severe diarrhea.

DEPLETIVE
De*ple"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. déplétif.]

Defn: Able or fitted to deplete.
 -- n.

Defn: A substance used to deplete.

DEPLETORY
De*ple"to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving to deplete.

DEPLICATION
Dep`li*ca"tion, n. Etym: [LL. deplicare to unfold; L. de- + plicare
to fold.]

Defn: An unfolding, untwisting, or unplaiting. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

DEPLOITATION
Dep`loi*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. Exploitation, Deploy.]

Defn: Same as Exploitation.

DEPLORABILITY
De*plor`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Deplorableness. Stormonth.

DEPLORABLE
De*plor"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. déplorable.]

Defn: Worthy of being deplored or lamented; lamentable; causing
grief; hence, sad; calamitous; grievous; wretched; as, life's evils
are deplorable.
Individual sufferers are in a much more deplorable conditious than
any others. Burke.

DEPLORABLENESS
De*plor"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: State of being deplorable.

DEPLORABLY
De*plor"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a deplorable manner.

DEPLORATE
De*plo"rate, a. Etym: [L. deploratus, p. p. of deplorare. See
Deplore.]

Defn: Deplorable. [Obs.]
A more deplorate estate. Baker.

DEPLORATION
Dep`lo*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. deploratio: cf. F. déploration.]

Defn: The act of deploring or lamenting; lamentation. Speed.

DEPLORE
De*plore", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deplored; p. pr. & vb. n. Deploring.]
Etym: [L. deplorare; de- + plorare to cry out, wail, lament; prob.
akin to pluere to rain, and to E. flow: cf. F. déplorer. Cf. Flow.]

1. To feel or to express deep and poignant grief for; to bewail; to
lament; to mourn; to sorrow over.
To find her, or forever to deplore Her loss. Milton.
As some sad turtle his lost love deplores. Pope.

2. To complain of. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To regard as hopeless; to give up. [Obs.] Bacon.

Syn.
 -- To Deplore, Mourn, Lament, Bewail, Bemoan. Mourn is the generic
term, denoting a state of grief or sadness. To lament is to express
grief by outcries, and denotes an earnest and strong expression of
sorrow. To deplore marks a deeper and more prolonged emotion. To
bewail and to bemoan are appropriate only to cases of poignant
distress, in which the grief finds utterance either in wailing or in
moans and sobs. A man laments his errors, and deplores the ruin they
have brought on his family; mothers bewail or bemoan the loss of
their children.

DEPLORE
De*plore", v. i.

Defn: To lament. Gray.

DEPLOREDLY
De*plor"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Lamentably.

DEPLOREDNESS
De*plor"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being deplored or deplorable. [R.] Bp. Hail.

DEPLOREMENT
De*plore"ment, n.

Defn: Deploration. [Obs.]

DEPLORER
De*plor"er, n.

Defn: One who deplores.

DEPLORINGLY
De*plor"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a deploring manner.

DEPLOY
De*ploy", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Deployed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Deploying.] Etym: [F. déployer; pref. dé = dés (L. dis) + ployer,
equiv. to plier to fold, fr. L. plicare. See Ply, and cf. Display.]
(Mil.)

Defn: To open out; to unfold; to spread out (a body of troops) in
such a way that they shall display a wider front and less depth; --
the reverse of ploy; as, to deploy a column of troops into line of
battle.

DEPLOY; DEPLOYMENT
De*ploy", De*ploy"ment, n. (Mil.)

Defn: The act of deploying; a spreading out of a body of men in order
to extend their front. -Wilhelm.
Deployments . . . which cause the soldier to turn his back to the
enemy are not suited to war.H.L. Scott.

DEPLUMATE
De*plu"mate, a. Etym: [LL. diplumatus, p. p. of deplumare. See
Deplume.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Destitute or deprived of features; deplumed.

DEPLUMATION
Dep`lu*ma"tion, n. Etym: [See Deplumate.]

1. The stripping or falling off of plumes or feathers. Bp.
Stillingfleet

2. (Med.)

Defn: A disease of the eyelids, attended with loss of the eyelashes.
Thomas.

DEPLUME
De*plume", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deplumed; p. pr. & vb. n. Depluming.]
Etym: [LL. deplumare; L. de- + plumare to cover with feathers, pluma
feather: cf. deplumis featherless, and F. déplumer.]

1. To strip or pluck off the feather of; to deprive of of plumage.
On the depluming of the pope every bird had his own feather. Fuller.

2. To lay bare; to expose.
The exposure and depluming of the leading humbugs of the age. De
Quincey.

DEPOLARIZATION
De*po`lar*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dépolarisation.]

Defn: The act of depriving of polarity, or the result of such action;
reduction to an unpolarized condition. Depolarization of light
(Opt.), a change in the plane of polarization of rays, especially by
a crystalline medium, such that the light which had been extinguished
by the analyzer reappears as if the polarization had been anulled.
The word is inappropriate, as the ray does not return to the
unpolarized condition.

DEPOLARIZE
De*po"lar*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depolarized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Depolarizing.] Etym: [Pref. de- + polarize: cf. F. dépolarizer.]

1. (Opt.)

Defn: To deprive of polarity; to reduce to an unpolarized condition.

Note: This word has been inaccurately applied in optics to describe
the effect of a polarizing medium, as a crystalline plate, in causing
the reappearance of a ray, in consequence of a change in its plane of
polarization, which previously to the change was intercepted by the
analyzer.

2. (Elec.)

Defn: To free from polarization, as the negative plate of the voltaic
battery.

DEPOLARIZER
De*po"lar*i`zer, n. (Elec.)

Defn: A substance used to prevent polarization, as upon the negative
plate of a voltaic battery.

DEPOLISH
De*pol"ish, v. t.

Defn: To remove the polish or glaze from.

DEPOLISHING
De*pol"ish*ing, n. (Ceramics)

Defn: The process of removing the vitreous glaze from porcelain,
leaving the dull luster of the surface of ivory porcelian. Knight.

DEPONE
De*pone", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deponed; p. pr. & vb. n. Deponing.]
Etym: [L. deponere, depositum, to put down, in LL., to assert under
oath; de- + ponere to put, place. See Position, and cf. Deposit.]

1. To lay, as a stake; to wager. [Obs.] Hudibras.

2. To lay down. [R.] Southey.

3. To assert under oath; to depose. [A Scotticism]
Sprot deponeth that he entered himself thereafter in conference.
State Trials(1606).

DEPONE
De*pone", v. i.

Defn: To testify under oath; to depose; to bear witness. [A
Scotticism]
The fairy Glorians, whose credibility on this point can not be called
in question, depones to the confinement of Merlin in a tree. Dunlop.

DEPONENT
De*po"nent, n. Etym: [L. deponenes, -entis, laying down. See Depone,
v. t.]

1. (Law)

Defn: One who deposes or testifies under oath; one who gives
evidence; usually, one who testifies in writing.

2. (Gr. & Lat. Gram.)

Defn: A deponent verb.

Syn.
 -- Deponent, Affiant. These are legal terms describing a person who
makes a written declaration under oath, with a view to establish
certain facts. An affiant is one who makes an affidavit, or
declaration under oath, in order to establish the truth of what he
says. A deponenet is one who makes a deposition, or gives written
testimony under oath, to be used in the trial of some case before a
court of justice. See under Deposition.

DEPONENT
De*po"nent, a. Etym: [L. deponens, -entis, laying down (its proper
passive meaning), p. pr. of deponere: cf. F. déponent. See Depone.]
(Gram.)

Defn: Having a passive form with an active meaning, as certain latin
and Greek verbs.

DEPOPULACY
De*pop"u*la*cy, n.

Defn: Depopulation; destruction of population. [R.] Chapman.

DEPOPULATE
De*pop"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depopulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Depopulating.] Etym: [L. depopulatus, p. p. of depopulari to ravage;
de- + populari to ravage, fr. populus people: cf. OF. depopuler, F.
dépeupler. See People.]

Defn: To deprive of inhabitants, whether by death or by expulsion; to
reduce greatly the populousness of; to dispeople; to unpeople.
Where is this viper, That would depopulate the city Shak.

Note: It is not synonymous with laying waste or destroying, being
limited to the loss of inhabitants; as, an army or a famine may
depopulate a country. It rarely expresses an entire loss of
inhabitants, but often a great diminution of their numbers; as, the
deluge depopulated the earth.

DEPOPULATE
De*pop"u*late, v. i.

Defn: To become dispeopled. [R.]
Whether the country be depopulating or not. Goldsmith.

DEPOPULATION
De*pop`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. depopulatio pillaging: cf. F.
dépopulation depopulation.]

Defn: The act of depopulating, or condition of being depopulated;
destruction or explusion of inhabitants.
The desolation and depopulation [of St.Quentin] were now complete.
Motley.

DEPOPULATOR
De*pop"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [L., pillager.]

Defn: One who depopulates; a dispeopler.

DEPORT
De*port", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deported; p. pr. & vb. n. Deporting.]
Etym: [F. déporter to transport for life, OF., to divert, amuse, from
L. deportare to carry away; de- + portare to carry. See Port
demeanor.]

1. To transport; to carry away; to exile; to send into banishment.
He told us he had been deported to Spain. Walsh.

2. To carry or demean; to conduct; to behave; -- followed by the
reflexive pronoun.
Let an ambassador deport himself in the most graceful manner befor a
prince. Pope.

DEPORT
De*port", n.

Defn: Behavior; carrige; demeanor; deportment. [Obs.] "Goddesslike
deport." Milton.

DEPORTATION
De`por*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. depotatio: cf.F. déportation.]

Defn: The act of deporting or exiling, or the state of being
deported; banishment; transportation.
In their deportations, they had often the favor of their conquerors.
Atterbury.

DEPORTMENT
De*port"ment, n. Etym: [F. déportement misconduct, OF., demeanor. See
Deport.]

Defn: Manner of deporting or demeaning one's self; manner of acting;
conduct; carrige; especially, manner of acting with respect to the
courtesies and duties of life; behavior; demeanor; bearing.
The gravity of his deportment carried him safe through many
difficulties. Swift.

DEPORTURE
De*por"ture, n.

Defn: Deportment. [Obs.]
Stately port and majestical deporture. Speed.

DEPOSABLE
De*pos"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being deposed or deprived of office. Howell.

DEPOSAL
De*pos"al, n.

Defn: The act of deposing from office; a removal from the throne.
Fox.

DEPOSE
De*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deposed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Deposing.]Etym: [FF. déposer, in the sense of L. deponere to put
down; but from pref. dé- (L. de) + poser to place. See Pose, Pause.]

1. To lay down; to divest one's self of; to lay aside. [Obs.]
Thus when the state one Edward did depose, A greater Edward in his
room arose. Dryden.

2. To let fall; to deposit. [Obs.]
Additional mud deposed upon it. Woodward.

3. To remove from a throne or other high station; to dethrone; to
divest or deprive of office.
A tyrant over his subjects, and therefore worthy to be deposed.
Prynne.

4. To testify under oath; to bear testimony to; -- now usually said
of bearing testimony which is officially written down for future use.
Abbott.
To depose the yearly rent or valuation of lands. Bacon.

5. To put under oath. [Obs.]
Depose him in the justice of his cause. Shak.

DEPOSE
De*pose", v. i.

Defn: To bear witness; to testify under oath; to make deposition.
Then, seeing't was he that made you to despose, Your oath, my lord,
is vain and frivolous. Shak.

DEPOSER
De*pos"er, n.

1. One who deposes or degrades from office.

2. One who testifies or deposes; a deponent.

DEPOSIT
De*pos"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depoited; p. pr. & vb. n. Depositing.]
Etym: [L. depositus, p. p. of deponere. See Depone, and cf. Deposit,
n.]

1. To lay down; to place; to put; to let fall or throw down (as
sediment); as, a crocodile deposits her eggs in the sand; the waters
deposited a rich alluvium.
The fear is deposited in conscience. Jer. Taylor.

2. To lay up or away for safekeeping; to put up; to store; as, to
deposit goods in a warehouse.

3. To lodge in some one's hands for sale keeping; to commit to the
custody of another; to intrust; esp., to place in a bank, as a sum of
money subject to order.

4. To lay aside; to rid one's self of. [Obs.]
If what is written prove useful to you, to the depositing that which
i can not deem an error. Hammond.

Note: Both this verb and the noun following written deposite.

DEPOSIT
De*pos"it, n. Etym: [L. depositum, fr. depositus, p. p. of deponere:
cf. F. dépôt, OF. depost. See Deposit, v. t., and cf. Depot.]

1. That is deposited, or laid or thrown down; as, a deposit in a
flue; especially, matter precipitated from a solution (as the
siliceous deposits of hot springs), or that which is mechanically
deposited (as the mud, gravel, etc., deposits of a river).
The deposit already formed affording to the succeeding portion of the
charged fluid a basis. Kirwan.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A natural occurrence of a useful mineral under the conditions
to invite exploitation. Raymond.

3. That which is placed anywhere, or in any one's hands, for safe
keeping; somthing intrusted to the care of another; esp., money
lodged with a bank or banker, subject to order; anything given as
pledge or security.

4. (Law)
(a) A bailment of money or goods to be kept gratuitously for the
bailor.
(b) Money lodged with a party as earnest or security for the
performance of a duty assumed by the person depositing.

5. A place of deposit; a depository. [R.] Bank of deposit. See under
Bank.
 -- In deposit, or On deposit, in trust or safe keeping as a deposit;
as, coins were recieved on deposit.

DEPOSITARY
De*pos"i*ta*ry, n.; pl. Depositaries. Etym: [L. depositarius, fr.
deponere. See Deposit.]

1. One with whom anything is lodged in the trust; one who receives a
deposit; -- the correlative of depositor.
I . . . made you my guardians, my depositaries. Shak.
The depositaries of power, who are mere delegates of the people.J.S.
Mill.

2. A storehouse; a depository. Bp. Hurd.

3. (Law)

Defn: One to whom goods are bailed, to be kept for the bailor without
a recompense. Kent.

DEPOSITION
Dep`o*si"tion, n. Etym: [L. depositio, fr. deponere: cf. F.
déposition. See Deposit.]

1. The act of depositing or deposing; the act of laying down or
thrown down; precipitation.
The deposition of rough sand and rolled pebbles. H. Miller.

2. The act of bringing before the mind; presentation.
The influence of princes upon the dispositions of their courts needs
not the deposition of their examples, since it hath the authority of
a known principle. W. Montagu.

3. The act of setting aside a sovereign or a public officer;
deprivation of authority and dignity; displacement; removal.

Note: A deposition differs from an abdication, an abdication being
voluntary, and a deposition compulsory.

4. That which is deposited; matter laid or thrown down; sediment;
alluvial matter; as, banks are sometimes depositions of alluvial
matter.

5. An opinion, example, or statement, laid down or asserted; a
declaration.

6. (Law)

Defn: The act of laying down one's testimony in writing; also,
testimony laid or taken down in writting, under oath or affirmation,
befor some competent officer, and in reply to interrogatories and
cross-interrogatories.

Syn.
 -- Deposition, Affidavit. Affidavit is the wider term. It denotes
any authorized ex parte written statement of a person, sworn to or
affirmed before some competent magistrate. It is made without cross-
examination, and requires no notice to an opposing party. It is
generally signed by the party making it, and may be drawn up by
himself or any other person. A deposition is the written testimony of
a witness, taken down in due form of law, and sworn to or affirmed by
the deponent. It must be taken before some authorized magistrate, and
upon a prescribed or reasonable notice to the opposing party, that
may attend and cross-examine. It is generally written down from the
mouth of the witness by the magistrate, or some person for him, and
in his presence.

DEPOSITOR
De*pos"i*tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. deponere. See Depone.]

Defn: One who makes a deposit, especially of money in bank; -- the
correlative of depository.

DEPOSITORY
De*pos"i*to*ry, n.; pl. Depositories (.

1. A place where anything is deposited for sale or keeping; as,
warehouse is a depository for goods; a clerk's office is a depository
for records.

2. One with whom something is deposited; a depositary.
I am the sole depository of my own secret, and it shall perish with
me. Junius.

DEPOSITUM
De*pos"i*tum, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Deposit.

DEPOSITURE
De*pos"i*ture, n.

Defn: The act of depositing; deposition. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

DEPOT
De"pot, n. Etym: [F. dépôt, OF. depost, fr. L. depositum a deposit.
See Deposit, n.]

1. A place of deposit storing of goods; a warehouse; a storehouse.
The islands of Guernsey and Jersey are at present the great depots of
this kingdom. Brit Critic (1794).

2. (Mil.)
(a) A military station where stores and provisions are kept, or where
recruits are assembled and drilled.
(b) (Eng. & France) The headquarters of a regiment, where all
supplies are recieved and distributed, recruits are assembled and
instructed, infirm or disabled soldiers are taken care of, and all
the wants of the regiment are provided for.

3. A railway station; a building for the accommodation and protection
of railway passenges or freight. [U. S.]

Syn.
 -- See Station.

DEPPER
Dep"per, a.

Defn: Deeper. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DEPRAVATION
Dep`ra*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. depravitio, from depravare: cf. F.
dépravation. See Deprave.]

1. Detraction; depreciation. [Obs.]
To stubborn critics, apt, without a theme, For depravation. Shak.

2. The act of depraving, or making anything bad; the act of
corrupting.

3. The state of being depraved or degenerated; degeneracy; depravity.
The depravation of his moral character destroyed his judgment. Sir G.
C. Lewis.

4. (Med.)

Defn: Change for the worse; deterioration; morbid perversion.

Syn.
 -- Depravity; corruption. See Depravity.

DEPRAVE
De*prave", n. t. [imp. & p. p. Depraved; p. pr. & vb. n. Depraving.]
Etym: [L. depravare, depravatum; de- + pravus crooked, distorted,
perverse, wicked.]

1. To speak ill of; to depreciate; to malign; to revile. [Obs.]
And thou knowest, conscience, I came not to chide Nor deprave thy
person with a proud heart. Piers Plowman.

2. To make bad or worse; to vitiate; to corrupt.
Whose pride depraves each other better part. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- To corrupt; vitiate; contaminate; pollute.

DEPRAVEDLY
De*prav"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a depraved manner.

DEPRAVEDNESS
De*prav"ed*ness, n.

Defn: Depravity. Hammond.

DEPRAVEMENT
De*prave"ment, n.

Defn: Depravity. [Obs.] Milton.

DEPRAVER
De*prav"er, n.

Defn: One who deprave or corrupts.

DEPRAVINGLY
De*prav"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a depraving manner.

DEPRAVITY
De*prav"i*ty, n. Etym: [From Deprave: cf. L. pravitas crookedness,
perverseness.]

Defn: The stae of being depraved or corrupted; a vitiated state of
moral character; general badness of character; wickedness of mind or
heart; absence of religious feeling and principle. Total depravity.
See Original sin, and Calvinism.

Syn.
 -- Corruption; vitiation; wickedness; vice; contamination;
degeneracy.
 -- Depravity, Depravation, Corruption. Depravilty is a vitiated
state of mind or feeling; as, the depravity of the human heart;
depravity of public morals. Depravation points to the act or process
of making depraved, and hence to the end thus reached; as, a gradual
depravation of principle; a depravation of manners, of the heart,
etc. Corruption is the only one of these words which applies to
physical substances, and in reference to these denotes the process by
which their component parts are dissolved. Hence, when figuratively
used, it denotes an utter vitiation of principle or feeling.
Depravity applies only to the mind and heart: we can speak of a
depraved taste, or a corrupt taste; in the first we introduce the
notion that there has been the influence of bad training to pervert;
in the second, that there is a want of true principle to pervert; in
the second, that there is a want of true principles to decide. The
other two words have a wider use: we can speak of the depravation or
the corruption of taste and public sentiment. Depravity is more or
less open; corruption is more or less disguised in its operations.
What is depraved requires to be reformed; what is corrupt requires to
be purified.

DEPRECABLE
Dep"re*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. deprecabilis exorable.]

Defn: That may or should be deprecated. Paley.

DEPRECATE
Dep"re*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deprecated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Deprecating.] Etym: [L. deprecatus, p. p. of deprecari to avert by
player, to deprecate; de- + precari to pray. See Pray.]

Defn: To pray against, as an evil; to seek to avert by player; to
desire the removal of; to seek deliverance from; to express deep
regret for; to disapprove of strongly.
His purpose was deprecated by all round him, and he was with
difficulty induced to adandon it. Sir W. Scott.

DEPRECATINGLY
Dep"re*ca`tingly, adv.

Defn: In a deprecating manner.

DEPRECATION
Dep`re*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. deprecatio; cf. F. déprécation.]

1. The act of deprecating; a praying against evil; prayer that an
evil may be removed or prevented; strong expression of
disapprobation.
Humble deprecation. Milton.

2. Entreaty for pardon; petitioning.

3. An imprecation or curse. [Obs.] Gilpin.

DEPRECATIVE
Dep"re*ca*tive, a. Etym: [L. deprecativus: cf. F. déprécatif.]

Defn: Serving to deprecate; deprecatory.
 -- Dep"re*ca*tive*ly, adv.

DEPRECATOR
Dep"re*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who deprecates.

DEPRECATORY
Dep"re*ca*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. deprecatorius.]

Defn: Serving to deprecate; tending to remove or avert evil by
prayer; apologetic.
Humble and deprecatory letters. Bacon.

DEPRECIATE
De*pre"ci*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depreciated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Depreciating.] Etym: [L. depretiatus, depreciatus, p. p. of
depretiare, -ciare, to depreciate; de- + pretiare to prize, fr.
pretium price. See Price.]

Defn: To lessen in price or estimated value; to lower the worth of;
to represent as of little value or claim to esteem; to undervalue.
Addison.
Which . . . some over-severe phoilosophers may look upon
fastidiously, or undervalue and depreciate. Cudworth.
To prove that the Americans ought not to be free, we are obliged to
depreciate the value of freedom itself. Burke.

Syn.
 -- To decry; disparage; traduce; lower; detract; underrate. See
Decry.

DEPRECIATE
De*pre"ci*ate, v. i.

Defn: To fall in value; to become of less worth; to sink in
estimation; as, a paper currency will depreciate, unless it is
convertible into specie.

DEPRECIATION
De*pre`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dépréciation.]

1. The act of lessening, or seeking to lessen, price, value, or
reputation.

2. The falling of value; reduction of worth. Burke.

3. the state of being depreciated.

DEPRECIATIVE
De*pre"ci*a`tive, a.

Defn: Tending, or intended, to depreciate; expressing depreciation;
undervaluing.
 -- De*pre"ci*a`tive*ly, adv.

DEPRECIATOR
De*pre"ci*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who depreciates.

DEPRECIATORY
De*pre"ci*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to depreciate; undervaluing; depreciative.

DEPREDABLE
Dep"re*da*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to depredation. [Obs.] "Made less depredable." Bacon.

DEPREDATE
Dep"re*date, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depredated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Depredating.] Etym: [L. depraedatus, p. p. of depraedari to plunder;
de- + praedari to plunder, praeda plunder, prey. See Prey.]

Defn: To subject to plunder and pillage; to despoil; to lay waste; to
prey upon.
It makes the substance of the body . . . less apt to be consumed and
depredated by the spirits. Bacon.

DEPREDATE
Dep"re*date, v. i.

Defn: To take plunder or prey; to commit waste; as, the troops
depredated on the country.

DEPREDATION
Dep`re*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. depraedatio: cf. F. déprédation.]

Defn: The act of depredating, or the state of being depredated; the
act of despoiling or making inroads; as, the sea often makes
depredation on the land.

DEPREDATOR
Dep"re*da`tor, n. Etym: [L. depraedator.]

Defn: One who plunders or pillages; a spoiler; a robber.

DEPREDATORY
Dep"re*da`to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending or designed to depredate; characterized by depredation;
plundering; as, a depredatory incursion.

DEPREDICATE
De*pred"i*cate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. de- (intensive) + predicate.]

Defn: To proclaim; to celebrate. [R.]

DEPREHEND
Dep`re*hend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deprehended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Deprehending.] Etym: [L. deprehendere, deprehensum; de- + prehendere
to lay hold of, seize. See Prehensile.]

1. To take unwares or by surprise; to seize, as a person commiting an
unlawful act; to catch; to apprehend.
The deprehended adulteress.Jer. Taylor.

2. To detect; to discover; to find out.
The motion . . . are to be deprehended by experience. Bacon.

DEPREHENSIBLE
Dep`re*hen"si*ble, a.

Defn: That may be caught or discovered; apprehensible. [Obs.] Petty.
 -- Dep`re*hen"si*ble*ness, n. [Obs.]

DEPREHENSION
Dep`re*hen"sion, n. Etym: [L. deprehensio.]

Defn: A catching; discovery. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

DEPRESS
De*press", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depressed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Depressing.] Etym: [L. depressus, p. p. of deprimere; de- + premere
to press. See Press.]

1. To press down; to cause to sink; to let fall; to lower; as, to
depress the muzzle of a gun; to depress the eyes. "With lips
depressed." Tennyson.

2. To bring down or humble; to abase, as pride.

3. To cast a gloom upon; to sadden; as, his spirits were depressed.

4. To lessen the activity of; to make dull; embarrass, as trade,
commerce, etc.

5. To lessen in price; to cause to decline in value; to cheapen; to
depreciate.

6. (Math.)

Defn: To reduce (an equation) in a lower degree. To depress the pole
(Naut.), to cause the sidereal pole to appear lower or nearer the
horizon, as by sailing toward the equator.

Syn.
 -- To sink; lower; abase; cast down; deject; humble; degrade;
dispirit; discourage.

DEPRESS
De*press", a. Etym: [L. depressus, p. p.]

Defn: Having the middle lower than the border; concave. [Obs.]
If the seal be depress or hollow. Hammond.

DEPRESSANT
De*press"ant, n. (Med.)

Defn: An agent or remedy which lowers the vital powers.

DEPRESSED
De*pressed", a.

1. Pressed or forced down; lowed; sunk; dejected; dispirited; sad;
humbled.

2. (Bot.)
(a) Concave on the upper side; -- said of a leaf whose disk is lower
than the border.
(b) Lying flat; -- said of a stem or leaf which lies close to the
ground.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the vertical diameter shorter than the horizontal or
transverse; -- said of the bodies of animals, or of parts of the
bodies.

DEPRESSINGLY
De*press"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a depressing manner.

DEPRESSION
De*pres"sion, n. Etym: [L. depressio: cf. F. dépression.]

1. The act of depressing.

2. The state of being depressed; a sinking.

3. A falling in of the surface; a sinking below its true place; a
cavity or hollow; as, roughness consists in little protuberances and
depressions.

4. Humiliation; abasement, as of pride.

5. Dejection; despondency; lowness.
In a great depression of spirit. Baker.

6. Diminution, as of trade, etc.; inactivity; dullness.

7. (Astron.)

Defn: The angular distance of a celestial object below the horizon.

8. (Math.)

Defn: The operation of reducing to a lower degree; -- said of
equations.

9. (Surg.)

Defn: A method of operating for cataract; couching. See Couch, v. t.,
8. Angle of depression (Geod.), one which a descending line makes
with a horizontal plane.
 -- Depression of the dewpoint (Meteor.), the number of degreees that
the dew-point is lower than the actual temperature of the atmosphere.
 -- Depression of the pole, its apparent sinking, as the spectator
goes toward the equator.
 -- Depression of the visible horizon. (Astron.) Same as Dip of the
horizon, under Dip.

Syn.
 -- Abasement; reduction; sinking; fall; humiliation; dejection;
melancholy.

DEPRESSIVE
De*press"ive, a.

Defn: Able or tending to depress or cast down.
 -- De*press"ive*ness, n.

DEPRESSOMOTOR
De*pres`so*mo"tor, a. (Med.)

Defn: Depressing or diminishing the capacity for movement, as
depressomotor nerves, which lower or inhibit muscular activity.
 -- n.

Defn: Any agent that depresses the activity of the motor centers, as
bromides, etc.

DEPRESSOR
De*press"or, n.

1. One who, or that which, presses down; an oppressor.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle that depresses or tends to draw down a part. Depressor
nerve (Physiol.), a nerve which lowers the activity of an organ; as,
the depressor nerve of the heart.

DEPRIMENT
Dep"ri*ment, a. Etym: [L. deprimens, p. pr. of deprimere. See
Depress.]

Defn: Serving to depress. [R.] "Depriment muscles." Derham.

DEPRISURE
De*pri"sure, n. Etym: [F. dépriser to undervalue; pref. dé- (L. dis-)
+ priser to prize, fr. prix price, fr. L. pretium. See Dispraise.]

Defn: Low estimation; disesteem; contempt. [Obs.]

DEPRIVABLE
De*priv"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being, or liable to be, deprived; liable to be
deposed.
Kings of Spain . . . deprivable for their tyrannies. Prynne.

DEPRIVATION
Dep`ri*va"tion, n. Etym: [LL. deprivatio.]

1. The act of depriving, dispossessing, or bereaving; the act of
deposing or divesting of some dignity.

2. The state of being deprived; privation; loss; want; bereavement.

3. (Eccl. Law)

Defn: the taking away from a clergyman his benefice, or other
spiritual promotion or dignity.

Note: Deprivation may be a beneficio or ab officio; the first takes
away the living, the last degrades and deposes from the order.

DEPRIVE
De*prive", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deprived; p. pr. & vb. n. Depriving.]
Etym: [LL. deprivare, deprivatium, to divest of office; L. de- +
privare to bereave, deprive: cf. OF. depriver. See Private.]

1. To take away; to put an end; to destroy. [Obs.]
'Tis honor to deprive dishonored life. Shak.

2. To dispossess; to bereave; to divest; to hinder from possessing;
to debar; to shut out from; -- with a remoter object, usually
preceded by of.
God hath deprived her of wisdom. Job xxxix. 17.
It was seldom that anger deprived him of power over himself.
Macaulay.

3. To divest of office; to depose; to dispossess of dignity,
especially ecclesiastical.
A miniser deprived for inconformity. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- To strip; despoil; rob; abridge.

DEPRIVEMENT
De*prive"ment, n.

Defn: Deprivation. [R.]

DEPRIVER
De*priv"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, deprives.

DEPROSTRATE
De*pros"trate, a.

Defn: Fully prostrate; humble; low; rude. [Obs.]
How may weak mortal ever hope to file His unsmooth tongue, and his
deprostrate style. G. Fletcher.

DEPROVINCIALIZE
De`pro*vin"cial*ize, v. t.

Defn: To divest of provincial quality or characteristics.

DEPTH
Depth, n. Etym: [From Deep; akin to D. diepte, Icel. d, d, Goth.
diupi.]

1. The quality of being deep; deepness; perpendicular measurement
downward from the surface,or horizontal measurement backward from the
front; as, the depth of a river; the depth of a body of troops.

2. Profoundness; extent or degree of intensity; abundance;
completeness; as, depth of knowledge, or color.
Mindful of that heavenly love Which knows no end in depth or height.
Keble.

3. Lowness; as, depth of sound.

4. That which is deep; a deep, or the deepest, part or place; the
deep; the middle part; as, the depth of night, or of winter.
From you unclouded depth above. Keble.
The depth closed me round about. Jonah ii. 5.

5. (Logic)

Defn: The number of simple elements which an abstract conception or
notion includes; the comprehension or content.

6. (Horology)

Defn: A pair of toothed wheels which work together. [R.]

Depth of a sail (Naut.), the extent of a square sail from the head
rope to the foot rope; the length of the after leach of a staysail or
boom sail; -- commonly called the drop of sail.

DEPTHEN
Depth"en, v. t.

Defn: To deepen. [Obs.]

DEPTHLESS
Depth"less, a.

1. Having no depth; shallow.

2. Of measureless depth; unfathomable.
In clouds of depthless night. Francis.

DEPUCELATE
De*pu"ce*late, v. t. Etym: [L. de + LL. pucella virgin, F. pucelle:
cf. F. dépuceler.]

Defn: To deflour; to deprive of virginity. [Obs.] Bailey.

DEPUDICATE
De*pu"di*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. depudicatus, p. p. of depudicare.]

Defn: To deflour; to dishonor. [Obs.]

DEPULSE
De*pulse", v. t. Etym: [L. depulsus, p. p. of depellere to drive out;
de- + pellere to drive.]

Defn: To drive away. [Obs.] Cockeram.

DEPULSION
De*pul"sion, n. Etym: [L. depulsio.]

Defn: A driving or thrusting away. [R.] Speed.

DEPULSORY
De*pul"so*ry, a. Etym: [L. depulsorius.]

Defn: Driving or thrusting away; averting. [R.] Holland.

DEPURANT
Dep"u*rant, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Depurative.

DEPURATE
Dep"u*rate, a. Etym: [LL. depuratus, p. p. of depurare to purify; L.
de- + purare to purify, purus clean, pure. Cf. Depure.]

Defn: Depurated; cleansed; freed from impurities. Boyle.

DEPURATE
Dep"u*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depurated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Depurating.]

Defn: To free from impurities, heterogeneous matter, or feculence; to
purify; to cleanse.
To depurate the mass of blood. Boyle.

DEPURATION
Dep`u*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dépuration.]

Defn: The act or process of depurating or freeing from foreign or
impure matter, as a liquid or wound.

DEPURATIVE
Dep"u*ra*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. dépuratif.] (Med.)

Defn: Purifying the blood or the humors; depuratory.
 -- n.

Defn: A depurative remedy or agent; or a disease which is believed to
be depurative.

DEPURATOR
Dep"u*ra`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, cleanses.

DEPURATORY
Dep"u*ra*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. dépuratoire.]

Defn: Depurating; tending to depurate or cleanse; depurative.

DEPURE
De*pure", v. t. Etym: [F. dépurer. See Depurate.]

Defn: To depurate; to purify. [Obs.]
He shall first be depured and cleansed before that he shall be laid
up for pure gold in the treasures of God. Sir T. More.

DEPURGATORY
De*pur"ga*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving to purge; tending to cleanse or purify. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.

DEPURITION
Dep`u*ri"tion, n.

Defn: See Depuration.

DEPUTABLE
Dep"u*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Fit to be deputed; suitable to act as a deputy. Carlyle.

DEPUTATION
Dep`u*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. députation. See Depute.]

1. The act of deputing, or of appointing or commissioning a deputy or
representative; office of a deputy or delegate; vicegerency.
The authority of conscience stands founded upon its vicegerency and
deputation under God. South.

2. The person or persons deputed or commissioned by another person,
party, or public body to act in his or its behalf; delegation; as,
the general sent a deputation to the enemy to propose a truce. By
deputation, or In deputation, by delegated authority; as substitute;
through the medium of a deputy. [Obs.]
Say to great Cæsar this: In deputation I kiss his conquering hand.
Shak.

DEPUTATOR
Dep"u*ta`tor, n.

Defn: One who deputes, or makes a deputation. [R.] Locke.

DEPUTE
De*pute", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deputed; p. pr. & vb. n. Deputing.]
Etym: [F. députer, fr. L. deputare to esteem, consider, in LL., to
destine, allot; de- + putare to clean, prune, clear up, set in order,
reckon, think. See Pure.]

1. To appoint as deputy or agent; to commission to act in one's
place; to delegate.
There is no man deputed of the king to hear thee. 2. Sam. xv. 3.
Some persons, deputed by a meeting. Macaulay.

2. To appoint; to assign; to choose. [R.]
The most conspicuous places in cities are usually deputed for the
erection of statues. Barrow.

DEPUTE
De*pute", n.

Defn: A person deputed; a deputy. [Scot.]

DEPUTIZE
Dep"u*tize, v. t.

Defn: To appoint as one's deputy; to empower to act in one's stead;
to depute.

DEPUTY
Dep"u*ty, n.; pl. Deputies. Etym: [F. député, fr. LL. deputatus. See
Depute.]

1. One appointed as the substitue of another, and empowered to act
for him, in his name or his behalf; a substitute in office; a
lieutenant; a representative; a delegate; a vicegerent; as, the
deputy of a prince, of a sheriff, of a township, etc.
There was then [in the days of Jehoshaphat] no king in Edom; a deputy
was king. 1 Kings xxii. 47.
God's substitute, His deputy anointed in His sight. Shak.

Note: Deputy is used in combination with the names of various
executive officers, to denote an assistant empowered to act in their
name; as, deputy collector, deputy marshal, deputy sheriff.

2. A member of the Chamber of Deputies. [France] Chamber of Deputies,
one of the two branches of the French legilative assembly; --
formerly called Corps Législatif. Its members, called deputies, are
elected by the people voting in districts.

Syn.
 -- Substitute; representative; legate; delegate; envoy; agent;
factor.

DEQUANTITATE
De*quan"ti*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. de- + quantatas, -atis. See
Quantity.]

Defn: To diminish the quantity of; to disquantity. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

DEQUEEN
De*queen", v. t. (Apiculture)

Defn: To remove the queen from (a hive of bees).

DERACINATE
De*rac"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deracinated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Deracinating.] Etym: [F. déraciner; pref. dé- (L. dis) + racine root,
fr. an assumed LL. radicina, fr. L. radix, radicis, root.]

Defn: To pluck up by the roots; to extirpate. [R.]
While that the colter rusts That should deracinate such savagery.
Shak.

DERACINATION
De*rac`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act of pulling up by the roots; eradication. [R.]

DERAIGN; DERAIN
De*raign", De*rain", v. t. Etym: [See Darraign.] (Old Law)

Defn: To prove or to refute by proof; to clear (one's self). [Obs.]

DERAIGNMENT; DERAINMENT
De*raign"ment, De*rain"ment, n. Etym: [See Darraign.]

1. The act of deraigning. [Obs.]

2. The renunciation of religious or monastic vows. [Obs.] Blount.

DERAIL
De*rail", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Derailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Derailing.]

Defn: To cause to run off from the rails of a railroad, as a
locomotive. Lardner.

DERAILMENT
De*rail"ment, n.

Defn: The act of going off, or the state of being off, the rails of a
railroad.

DERANGE
De*range", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deranged; p. pr. & vb. n. Deranging.]
Etym: [F. déranger; pref. dé- = dés- (L. dis) + ranger to range. See
Range, and cf. Disarrange, Disrank.]

1. To put out of place, order, or rank; to disturb the proper
arrangement or order of; to throw into disorder, confusion, or
embarrassment; to disorder; to disarrange; as, to derange the plans
of a commander, or the affairs of a nation.

2. To disturb in action or function, as a part or organ, or the whole
of a machine or organism.
A sudden fall deranges some of our internal parts. Blair.

3. To disturb in the orderly or normal action of the intellect; to
render insane.

Syn.
 -- To disorder; disarrange; displace; unsettle; disturb; confuse;
discompose; ruffle; disconcert.

DERANGED
De*ranged", a.

Defn: Disordered; especially, disordered in mind; crazy; insane.
The story of a poor deranged parish lad. Lamb.

DERANGEMENT
De*range"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dérangement.]

Defn: The act of deranging or putting out of order, or the state of
being deranged; disarrangement; disorder; confusion; especially,
mental disorder; insanity.

Syn.
 -- Disorder; confusion; embarrassment; irregularity; disturbance;
insanity; lunacy; madness; delirium; mania. See Insanity.

DERANGER
De*ran"ger, n.

Defn: One who deranges.

DERAY
De*ray", n. Etym: [OF. derroi, desroi, desrei; pref. des- (L. dis-) +
roi, rei, rai, order. See Array.]

Defn: Disorder; merriment. [Obs.]

DERBIO
Der"bi*o, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large European food fish (Lichia glauca).

DERBY
Der"by (; usually in Eng.; 85), n.

1. A race for three-old horses, run annually at Epsom (near London),
for the Derby stakes. It was instituted by the 12th Earl of Derby, in
1780. Derby Day, the day of the annual race for the Derby stakes, --
Wednesday of the week before Whitsuntide.

2. A stiff felt hat with a dome-shaped crown.

DERBYSHIRE SPAR
Der"by*shire spar". (Min.)

Defn: A massive variety of fluor spar, found in Derbyshire, England,
and wrought into vases and other ornamental work.

DERDOING
Der*do"ing, a. Etym: [See Dere, v. t.]

Defn: Doing daring or chivalrous deeds. [Obs.] "In derdoing arms."
Spenser.

DERE
Dere, v. t. Etym: [AS. derian to hurt.]

Defn: To hurt; to harm; to injure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DERE
Dere, n.

Defn: Harm. [Obs.] Robert of Brunne.

DERECHO
De*re"cho, n. [Sp. derecho straight.]

Defn: A straight wind without apparent cyclonic tendency, usually
accompanied with rain and often destructive, common in the prairie
regions of the United States.

DEREINE; DEREYNE
De*reine, De*reyne", v. t.

Defn: Same as Darraign. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DERELICT
Der"e*lict, a. Etym: [L. derelictus, p. p. of derelinquere to forsake
wholly, to abandon; de- + relinquere to leave. See Relinquish.]

1. Given up or forsaken by the natural owner or guardian; left and
abandoned; as, derelict lands.
The affections which these exposed or derelict children bear to their
mothers, have no grounds of nature or assiduity but civility and
opinion. Jer. Taylor.

2. Lost; adrift; hence, wanting; careless; neglectful; unfaithful.
They easily prevailed, so as to seize upon the vacant, unoccupied,
and derelict minds of his [Chatham's] friends; and instantly they
turned the vessel wholly out of the course of his policy. Burke.
A government which is either unable or unwilling to redress such
wrongs is derelict to its highest duties. J. Buchanan.

DERELICT
Der"e*lict, n. (Law)
(a) A thing voluntary abandoned or willfully cast away by its proper
owner, especially a ship abandoned at sea.
(b) A tract of land left dry by the sea, and fit for cultivation or
use.

DERELICTION
Der`e*lic"tion, n. Etym: [L. derelictio.]

1. The act of leaving with an intention not to reclaim or resume; an
utter forsaking abandonment.
Cession or dereliction, actual or tacit, of other powers. Burke.

2. A neglect or omission as if by willful abandonment.
A total dereliction of military duties. Sir W. Scott.

3. The state of being left or abandoned.

4. (Law)

Defn: A retiring of the sea, occasioning a change of high-water mark,
whereby land is gained.

DERELIGIONIZE
De`re*li"gion*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make irreligious; to turn from religion. [R.]
He would dereligionize men beyond all others. De Quincey.

DERELING
Dere"ling, n.

Defn: Darling. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DERELING
Dere"ling, n.

Defn: Darling. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DERF
Derf, a. Etym: [Icel. djafr.]

Defn: Strong; powerful; fierce. [Obs.] -- Derf"ly, adv. [Obs.]

DERIDE
De*ride", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Derided; p. pr. & vb. n. Deriding.]
Etym: [L. deridere, derisum; de- + rid to laugh. See Ridicule.]

Defn: To laugh at with contempt; to laugh to scorn; to turn to
ridicule or make sport of; to mock; to scoff at.
And the Pharisees, also, . . . derided him. Luke xvi. 14.
Sport that wrinkled Care derides. And Laughter holding both his
sides. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To mock; laugh at; ridicule; insult; taunt; jeer; banter; rally.
 -- To Deride, Ridicule, Mock, Taunt. A man may ridicule without any
unkindness of feeling; his object may be to correct; as, to ridicule
the follies of the age. He who derides is actuated by a severe a
contemptuous spirit; as, to deride one for his religious principles.
To mock is stronger, and denotes open and scornful derision; as, to
mock at sin. To taunt is to reproach with the keenest insult; as, to
taunt one for his misfortunes. Ridicule consists more in words than
in actions; derision and mockery evince themselves in actions as well
as words; taunts are always expressed in words of extreme bitterness.

DERIDER
De*rid"er, n.

Defn: One who derides, or laughs at, another in contempt; a mocker; a
scoffer.

DERIDINGLY
De*rid"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of derision or mockery.

DE RIGUEUR
De ri`gueur". [F. See 2d Rigor.]

Defn: According to strictness (of etiquette, rule, or the like);
obligatory; strictly required.

DERISION
De*ri"sion, n. Etym: [L. derisio: cf. F. dérision. See Deride.]

1. The act of deriding, or the state of being derided; mockery;
scornful or contemptuous treatment which holds one up to ridicule.
He that sitteth in the heavens shall laugh; the Lord shall have them
in derision. Ps. ii. 4.
Saderision called. Milton.

2. An object of derision or scorn; a laughing-stock.
I was a derision to all my people. Lam. iii. 14.

Syn.
 -- Scorn; mockery; contempt; insult; ridicule.

DERISIVE
De*ri"sive, a.

Defn: Expressing, serving for, or characterized by, derision.
"Derisive taunts." Pope.
 -- De*ri"sive*ly, adv.
 -- De*ri"sive*ness, n.

DERISORY
De*ri"so*ry, a. Etym: [L. derisorius: cf. F. dérisoire.]

Defn: Derisive; mocking. Shaftesbury.

DERIVABLE
De*riv"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Derive.]

Defn: That can be derived; obtainable by transmission; capable of
being known by inference, as from premises or data; capable of being
traced, as from a radical; as, income is derivable from various
sources.
All honor derivable upon me. South.
The exquisite pleasure derivable from the true and beautiful
relations of domestic life. H. G. Bell.
The argument derivable from the doxologies. J. H. Newman.

DERIVABLY
De*riv"a*bly, adv.

Defn: By derivation.

DERIVAL
De*riv"al, n.

Defn: Derivation. [R.]
The derival of e from a. Earle.

DERIVATE
Der"i*vate, a. Etym: [L. derivatus, p. p. of derivare. See Derive.]

Defn: Derived; derivative. [R.] H. Taylor.
 -- n.

Defn: A thing derived; a derivative. [R.]

DERIVATE
Der"i*vate, v. t.

Defn: To derive. [Obs.] Huloet.

DERIVATION
Der`i*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. derivatio: cf. F. dérivation. See
Derive.]

1. A leading or drawing off of water from a stream or source. [Obs.]
T. Burnet.

2. The act of receiving anything from a source; the act of procuring
an effect from a cause, means, or condition, as profits from capital,
conclusions or opinions from evidence.
As touching traditional communication, . . . I do not doubt but many
of those truths have had the help of that derivation. Sir M. Hale.

3. The act of tracing origin or descent, as in grammar or genealogy;
as, the derivation of a word from an Aryan root.

4. The state or method of being derived; the relation of origin when
established or asserted.

5. That from which a thing is derived.

6. That which is derived; a derivative; a deduction.
From the Euphrates into an artificial derivation of that river.
Gibbon.

7. (Math.)

Defn: The operation of deducing one function from another according
to some fixed law, called the law of derivation, as the of
differentiation or of integration.

8. (Med.)

Defn: A drawing of humors or fluids from one part of the body to
another, to relieve or lessen a morbid process.

DERIVATIONAL
Der`i*va"tion*al, a.

Defn: Relating to derivation. Earle.

DERIVATIVE
De*riv"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. derivativus: cf. F. dérivatif.]

Defn: Obtained by derivation; derived; not radical, original, or
fundamental; originating, deduced, or formed from something else;
secondary; as, a derivative conveyance; a derivative word. Derivative
circulation, a modification of the circulation found in some parts of
the body, in which the arteries empty directly into the veins without
the interposition of capillaries. Flint.
 -- De*riv"a*tive*ly, adv.
 -- De*riv"a*tive*ness, n.

DERIVATIVE
De*riv"a*tive, n.

1. That which is derived; anything obtained or deduced from another.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A word formed from another word, by a prefix or suffix, an
internal modification, or some other change; a word which takes its
origin from a root.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A chord, not fundamental, but obtained from another by
inversion; or, vice versa, a ground tone or root implied in its
harmonics in an actual chord.

4. (Med.)

Defn: An agent which is adapted to produce a derivation (in the
medical sense).

5. (Math.)

Defn: A derived function; a function obtained from a given function
by a certain algebraic process.

Note: Except in the mode of derivation the derivative is the same as
the differential coefficient. See Differential coefficient, under
Differential.

6. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance so related to another substance by modification or
partial substitution as to be regarded as derived from it; thus, the
amido compounds are derivatives of ammonia, and the hydrocarbons are
derivatives of methane, benzene, etc.

DERIVE
De*rive", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Derived; p. pr. & vb. n. Deriving.]
Etym: [F. dériver, L. derivare; de- + rivus stream, brook. See
Rival.]

1. To turn the course of, as water; to divert and distribute into
subordinate channels; to diffuse; to communicate; to transmit; --
followed by to, into, on, upon. [Obs.]
For fear it [water] choke up the pits . . . they [the workman] derive
it by other drains. Holland.
Her due loves derived to that vile witch's share. Spenser.
Derived to us by tradition from Adam to Noah. Jer. Taylor.

2. To receive, as from a source or origin; to obtain by descent or by
transmission; to draw; to deduce; -- followed by from.

3. To trace the origin, descent, or derivation of; to recognize
transmission of; as, he derives this word from the Anglo-Saxon.
From these two causes . . . an ancient set of physicians derived all
diseases. Arbuthnot.

4. (Chem.)

Defn: To obtain one substance from another by actual or theoretical
substitution; as, to derive an organic acid from its corresponding
hydrocarbon.

Syn.
 -- To trace; deduce; infer.

DERIVE
De*rive", v. i.

Defn: To flow; to have origin; to descend; to proceed; to be deduced.
Shak.
Power from heaven Derives, and monarchs rule by gods appointed.
Prior.

DERIVEMENT
De*rive"ment, n.

Defn: That which is derived; deduction; inference. [Obs.]
I offer these derivements from these subjects. W. Montagu.

DERIVER
De*riv"er, n.

Defn: One who derives.

DERK
Derk, a.

Defn: Dark. [Obs.] Chaucer.

-DERM
-derm. Etym: [See Derm, n.]

Defn: A suffix or terminal formative, much used in anatomical terms,
and signifying skin, integument, covering; as, blastoderm, ectoderm,
etc.

DERM
Derm, n. Etym: [Gr. derme. See Tear, v. t.]

1. The integument of animal; the skin.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: See Dermis.

DERMA
Der"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Derm.] (Anat.)

Defn: See Dermis.

DERMAL
Derm"al, a. Etym: [From Derm.]

1. Pertaining to the integument or skin of animals; dermic; as, the
dermal secretions.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the dermis or true skin.

DERMAPTERA; DERMAPTERAN
Der*map"te*ra, Der*map"ter*an (, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Dermoptera, Dermopteran.

DERMATIC; DERMATINE
Der*mat"ic, Der"ma*tine, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the skin.

DERMATITIS
Der`ma*ti"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the skin.

DERMATOGEN
Der*mat"o*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.)

Defn: Nascent epidermis, or external cuticle of plants in a forming
condition.

DERMATOGEN
Der*mat"o*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.)

Defn: Nascent epidermis, or external cuticle of plants in a forming
condition.

DERMATOGRAPHY
Der*ma*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: An anatomical description of, or treatise on, the skin.

DERMATOID
Der"ma*toid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid: cf. F. dermatoïde. Cf. Dermoid.]

Defn: Resembling

DERMATOLOGIST
Der`ma*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who discourses on the skin and its diseases; one versed in
dermatology.

DERMATOLOGY
Der`ma*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. dermatologie.]

Defn: The science which treats of the skin, its structure, functions,
and diseases.

DERMATOPATHIC
Der`ma*to*path"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to skin diseases, or their cure.

DERMATOPHYTE
Der*mat"o*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A vegetable parasite, infesting the skin.

DERMESTES
Der*mes"tes, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of coleopterous insects, the larvæ of which feed animal
substances. They are very destructive to dries meats, skins, woolens,
and furs. The most common species is D. lardarius, known as the bacon
beetle.

DERMESTOID
Der*mes"toid, a. Etym: [Dermestes + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to or resembling the genus Dermestes.
The carpet beetle, called the buffalo moth, is a dermestoid beetle.
Pop. Sci. Monthly.

DERMIC
Der"mic, a.

1. Relating to the derm or skin.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the dermis; dermal.
Underneath each nail the deep or dermic layer of the integument is
peculiarly modified. Huxley.
Dermic remedies (Med.), such as act through the skin.

DERMIS
Der"mis, n. Etym: [NL. See Derm.] (Anat.)

Defn: The deep sensitive layer of the skin beneath the scarfskin or
epidermis; -- called also true skin, derm, derma, corium, cutis, and
enderon. See Skin, and Illust. in Appendix.

DERMOBRANCHIATA
Der`mo*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of nudibranch mollusks without special gills.

DERMOBRANCHIATE
Der`mo*bran"chi*ate, a. Etym: [Derm + branchiate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the skin modified to serve as a gill.

DERMOHAEMAL
Der`mo*hæ"mal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or in relation with, both dermal and hæmal
structures; as, the dermohæmal spines or ventral fin rays of fishes.

DERMOID
Der"moid, a. Etym: [Derm + -oid: cf. F. dermoïde.]

Defn: Same as Dermatoid. Dermoid cyst (Med.), a cyst containing skin,
or structures connected with skin, such as hair.

DERMONEURAL
Der`mo*neu"ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or in relation with, both dermal and neural
structures; as, the dermoneural spines or dorsal fin rays of fishes.
Owen.

DERMOPATHIC
Der`mo*path"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Dermatopathic.

DERMOPHYTE
Der"mo*phyte, n.

Defn: A dermatophyte.

DERMOPTERA
Der*mop"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of insects which includes the earwigs
(Forticulidæ).

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of lemuroid mammals having a parachutelike web of skin
between the fore and hind legs, of which the colugo (Galeopithecus)
is the type. See Colugo.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Mammalia; the Cheiroptera. [Written also
Dermaptera, and Dermatoptera.]

DERMOPTERAN
Der*mop"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect which has the anterior pair of wings coriaceous, and
does not use them in flight, as the earwig.

DERMOPTERI
Der*mop"te*ri, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Dermopterygii.

DERMOPTERYGII
Der*mop`te*ryg"i*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of fishlike animals including the Marsipobranchiata and
Leptocardia.

DERMOSKELETON
Der`mo*skel"e*ton, n. Etym: [Derm + skeleton.] (Anat.)

Defn: See Exoskeleton.

DERMOSTOSIS
Der`mos*to"sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Ossification of the dermis.

DERN
Dern, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A gatepost or doorpost. [Local Eng.] C. Kingsley.

DERN
Dern, a. Etym: [See Dearn, a.]

1. Hidden; concealed; secret. [Obs.] "Ye must be full dern." Chaucer.

2. Solitary; sad. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

DERNE
Derne, v. t. & i. Etym: [AS. dyrnan to hide. See Dern, a., Dearn, a.]

Defn: To hide; to skulk. [Scot.]
He at length escaped them by derning himself in a foxearth. H.
Miller.

DERNFUL
Dern"ful, a.

Defn: Secret; hence, lonely; sad; mournful. [Obs.] "Dernful noise."
Spenser.

DERNIER
Der`nier", a. Etym: [F., from OF. darrein, derrain. See Darrein.]

Defn: Last; final. Dernier ressort ( Etym: [F.], last resort or
expedient.

DERNLY
Dern"ly, adv.

Defn: Secretly; grievously; mournfully. [Obs.] Spenser.

DEROGANT
Der"o*gant, a. Etym: [L. derogans, p. pr.]

Defn: Derogatory. [R.] T. Adams.

DEROGATE
Der"o*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Derogated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Derogating.] Etym: [L. derogatus, p. p. of derogare to derogate; de-
+ rogare to ask, to ask the people about a law. See Rogation.]

1. To annul in part; to repeal partly; to restrict; to limit the
action of; -- said of a law.
By several contrary customs, . . . many of the civil and canon laws
are controlled and derogated. Sir M. Hale.

2. To lessen; to detract from; to disparage; to depreciate; -- said
of a person or thing. [R.]
Anything . . . that should derogate, minish, or hurt his glory and
his name. Sir T. More.

DEROGATE
Der"o*gate, v. i.

1. To take away; to detract; to withdraw; -- usually with from.
If we did derogate from them whom their industry hath made great.
Hooker.
It derogates little from his fortitude, while it adds infinitely to
the honor of his humanity. Burke.

2. To act beneath one-s rank, place, birth, or character; to
degenerate. [R.]
You are a fool granted; therefore your issues, being foolish, do not
derogate. Shak.
Would Charles X. derogate from his ancestors Would he be the
degenerate scion of that royal line Hazlitt.

DEROGATE
Der"o*gate, n. Etym: [L. derogatus, p. p.]

Defn: Diminished in value; dishonored; degraded. [R.] Shak.

DEROGATELY
Der"o*gate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a derogatory manner.

DEROGATION
Der`o*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. derogatio: cf. F. dérogation.]

1. The act of derogating, partly repealing, or lessening in value;
disparagement; detraction; depreciation; -- followed by of, from, or
to.
I hope it is no derogation to the Christian religion. Locke.
He counted it no derogation of his manhood to be seen to weep. F. W.
Robertson.

2. (Stock Exch.)

Defn: An alteration of, or subtraction from, a contract for a sale of
stocks.

DEROGATIVE
De*rog"a*tive, a.

Defn: Derogatory.
 -- De*rog"a*tive*ly, adv. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

DEROGATOR
Der"o*ga`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A detractor.

DEROGATORILY
De*rog"a*to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a derogatory manner; disparagingly. Aubrey.

DEROGATORINESS
De*rog"a*to*ri*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being derogatory.

DEROGATORY
De*rog"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to derogate, or lessen in value; expressing derogation;
detracting; injurious; -- with from to, or unto.
Acts of Parliament derogatory from the power of subsequent
Parliaments bind not. Blackstone.
His language was severely censured by some of his brother peers as
derogatory to their other. Macaulay.
Derogatory clause in a testament (Law), a sentence of secret
character inserted by the testator alone, of which he reserves the
knowledge to himself, with a condition that no will he may make
thereafter shall be valid, unless this clause is inserted word for
word; -- a precaution to guard against later wills extorted by
violence, or obtained by suggestion.

DEROTREMATA
Der`o*tre"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tribe of aquatic Amphibia which includes Amphiuma,
Menopoma, etc. They have permanent gill openings, but no external
gills; -- called also Cryptobranchiata. [Written also Derotrema.]

DERRE
Der"re, a.

Defn: Dearer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DERRICK
Der"rick, n. Etym: [Orig., a gallows, from a hangman named Derrick.
The name is of Dutch origin; D. Diederik, Dierryk, prop. meaning,
chief of the people; cf. AS. peódric, E. Theodoric, G. Dietrich. See
Dutch, and Rich.]

Defn: A mast, spar, or tall frame, supported at the top by stays or
guys, with suitable tackle for hoisting heavy weights, as stones in
building. Derrick crane, a combination of the derrick and the crane,
having facility for hoisting and also for swinging the load
horizontally.

DERRING
Der"ring, a.

Defn: Daring or warlike. [Obs.]
Drad for his derring doe and bloody deed. Spenser.

DERRINGER
Der"rin*ger, n. Etym: [From the American inventor.]

Defn: A kind of short-barreled pocket pistol, of very large caliber,
often carrying a half-ounce ball.

DERTH
Derth, n.

Defn: Dearth; scarcity. [Obs.] Spenser.

DERTROTHECA
Der`tro*the"ca, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The horny covering of the end of the bill of birds.

DERVISH; DERVISE; DERVIS
Der"vish, Der"vise, Der"vis, n. Etym: [Per. derw, fr. OPer. derew to
beg, ask alms: cf. F. derviche.]

Defn: A Turkish or Persian monk, especially one who professes extreme
poverty and leads an austere life.

DERWORTH
Der"worth, a. Etym: [AS. deórwurpe, lit., dearworth.]

Defn: Precious. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

DESCANT
Des"cant, n. Etym: [OF. descant, deschant, F. déchant, discant, LL.
discantus, fr. L. dis + cantus singing, melody, fr. canere to sing.
See Chant, and cf. Descant, v. i., Discant.]

1. (Mus.)
(a) Originally, a double song; a melody or counterpoint sung above
the plain song of the tenor; a variation of an air; a variation by
ornament of the main subject or plain song.
(b) The upper voice in part music.
(c) The canto, cantus, or soprano voice; the treble. Grove.
Twenty doctors expound one text twenty ways, as children make descant
upon plain song. Tyndale.
She [the nightingale] all night long her amorous descant sung.
Milton.

Note: The term has also been used synonymously with counterpoint, or
polyphony, which developed out of the French déchant, of the 12th
century.

2. A discourse formed on its theme, like variations on a musical air;
a comment or comments.
Upon that simplest of themes how magnificent a descant! De Quincey.

DESCANT
Des*cant", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Descanted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Descanting.] Etym: [From descant; n.; or directly fr. OF. descanter,
deschanter; L. dis- + cantare to sing.]

1. To sing a variation or accomplishment.

2. To comment freely; to discourse with fullness and particularity;
to discourse at large.
A virtuous man should be pleased to find people descanting on his
actions. Addison.

DESCANTER
Des*cant"er, n.

Defn: One who descants.

DESCEND
De*scend", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Descended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Descending.] Etym: [F. descendre, L. descendere, descensum; de- +
scandere to climb. See Scan.]

1. To pass from a higher to a lower place; to move downwards; to come
or go down in any way, as by falling, flowing, walking, etc.; to
plunge; to fall; to incline downward; -- the opposite of ascend.
The rain descended, and the floods came. Matt. vii. 25.
We will here descend to matters of later date. Fuller.

2. To enter mentally; to retire. [Poetic]
[He] with holiest meditations fed, Into himself descended. Milton.

3. To make an attack, or incursion, as if from a vantage ground; to
come suddenly and with violence; -- with on or upon.
And on the suitors let thy wrath descend. Pope.

4. To come down to a lower, less fortunate, humbler, less virtuous,
or worse, state or station; to lower or abase one's self; as, he
descended from his high estate.

5. To pass from the more general or important to the particular or
less important matters to be considered.

6. To come down, as from a source, original, or stock; to be derived;
to proceed by generation or by transmission; to fall or pass by
inheritance; as, the beggar may descend from a prince; a crown
descends to the heir.

7. (Anat.)

Defn: To move toward the south, or to the southward.

8. (Mus.)

Defn: To fall in pitch; to pass from a higher to a lower tone.

DESCEND
De*scend", v. t.

Defn: To go down upon or along; to pass from a higher to a lower part
of; as, they descended the river in boats; to descend a ladder.
But never tears his cheek descended. Byron.

DESCENDANT
De*scend"ant, a. Etym: [F. descendant, p. pr. of descendre. Cf.
Descendent.]

Defn: Descendent.

DESCENDANT
De*scend"ant, n.

Defn: One who descends, as offspring, however remotely; --
correlative to ancestor or ascendant.
Our first parents and their descendants. Hale.
The descendant of so many kings and emperors. Burke.

DESCENDENT
De*scend"ent, a. Etym: [L. descendens, -entis, p. pr. of descendre.
Cf. Descendant.]

Defn: Descending; falling; proceeding from an ancestor or source.
More than mortal grace Speaks thee descendent of ethereal race. Pope.

DESCENDER
De*scend"er, n.

Defn: One who descends.

DESCENDIBILITY
De*scend`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being descendible; capability of being
transmitted from ancestors; as, the descendibility of an estate.

DESCENDIBLE
De*scend"i*ble, a.

1. Admitting descent; capable of being descended.

2. That may descend from an ancestor to an heir. "A descendant
estate." Sir W. Jones.

DESCENDING
De*scend"ing, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to descent; moving downwards. Descending
constellations or signs (Astron.), those through which the planets
descent toward the south.
 -- Descending node (Astron.), that point in a planet's orbit where
it intersects the ecliptic in passing southward.
 -- Descending series (Math.), a series in which each term is
numerically smaller than the preceding one; also, a series arranged
according to descending powers of a quantity.

DESCENDINGLY
De*scend"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a descending manner.

DESCENSION
De*scen"sion, n. Etym: [OF. descension, L. descensio. See Descent.]

Defn: The act of going downward; descent; falling or sinking;
declension; degradation. Oblique descension (Astron.), the degree or
arc of the equator which descends, with a celestial object, below the
horizon of an oblique sphere.
 -- Right descension, the degree or arc of the equator which descends
below the horizon of a right sphere at the same time with the object.
[Obs.]

DESCENSIONAL
De*scen"sion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to descension. Johnson.

DESCENSIVE
De*scen"sive, a.

Defn: Tending to descend; tending downwards; descending. Smart.

DESCENSORY
De*scen"so*ry, n. Etym: [NL. descensorium: cf. OF. descensoire. See
Descend.]

Defn: A vessel used in alchemy to extract oils.

DESCENT
De*scent", n. Etym: [F. descente, fr. descendre; like vente, from
vendre. See Descend.]

1. The act of descending, or passing downward; change of place from
higher to lower.

2. Incursion; sudden attack; especially, hostile invasion from sea; -
- often followed by upon or on; as, to make a descent upon the enemy.
The United Provinces . . . ordered public prayer to God, when they
feared that the French and English fleets would make a descent upon
their coasts. Jortin.

3. Progress downward, as in station, virtue, as in station, virtue,
and the like, from a higher to a lower state, from a higher to a
lower state, from the more to the less important, from the better to
the worse, etc.

2. Derivation, as from an ancestor; procedure by generation; lineage;
birth; extraction. Dryden.

5. (Law)

Defn: Transmission of an estate by inheritance, usually, but not
necessarily, in the descending line; title to inherit an estate by
reason of consanguinity. Abbott.

6. Inclination downward; a descending way; inclined or sloping
surface; declivity; slope; as, a steep descent.

7. That which is descended; descendants; issue.
If care of our descent perplex us most, Which must be born to certain
woe. Milton.

8. A step or remove downward in any scale of gradation; a degree in
the scale of genealogy; a generation.
No man living is a thousand descents removed from Adam himself.
Hooker.

9. Lowest place; extreme downward place. [R.]
And from the extremest upward of thy head, To the descent and dust
below thy foot. Shak.

10. (Mus.)

Defn: A passing from a higher to a lower tone.

Syn.
 -- Declivity; slope; degradation; extraction; lineage; assault;
invasion; attack.

DESCRIBABLE
De*scrib"a*ble, a.

Defn: That can be described; capable of description.

DESCRIBE
De*scribe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Described; p. pr. & vb. n.
Describing.] Etym: [L. describere, descriptum; de- + scribere to
write: cf. OE. descriven, OF. descrivre, F. décrire. See Scribe, and
cf. Descry.]

1. To represent by drawing; to draw a plan of; to delineate; to trace
or mark out; as, to describe a circle by the compasses; a torch waved
about the head in such a way as to describe a circle.

2. To represent by words written or spoken; to give an account of; to
make known to others by words or signs; as, the geographer describes
countries and cities.

3. To distribute into parts, groups, or classes; to mark off; to
class. [Obs.]
Passed through the land, and described it by cities into seven parts
in a book. Josh. xviii. 9.

Syn.
 -- To set forth; represent; delineate; relate; recount; narrate;
express; explain; depict; portray; chracterize.

DESCRIBE
De*scribe", v. i.

Defn: To use the faculty of describing; to give a description; as,
Milton describes with uncommon force and beauty.

DESCRIBENT
De*scrib"ent, n. Etym: [L. describens, p. pr. of describere.] (Geom.)

Defn: Same as Generatrix.

DESCRIBER
De*scrib"er, n.

Defn: One who describes.

DESCRIER
De*scri"er, n.

Defn: One who descries.

DESCRIPTION
De*scrip"tion, n. Etym: [F. description, L. descriptio. See
Describe.]

1. The act of describing; a delineation by marks or signs.

2. A sketch or account of anything in words; a portraiture or
representation in language; an enumeration of the essential qualities
of a thing or species.
Milton has descriptions of morning. D. Webster.

3. A class to which a certain representation is applicable; kind;
sort.
A difference . . . between them and another description of public
creditors. A. Hamilton.
The plates were all of the meanest description. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Account; definition; recital; relation; detail; narrative;
narration; explanation; delineation; representation; kind; sort. See
Definition.

DESCRIPTIVE
De*scrip"tive, a. Etym: [L. descriptivus: cf. F. descriptif.]

Defn: Tending to describe; having the quality of representing;
containing description; as, a descriptive figure; a descriptive
phrase; a descriptive narration; a story descriptive of the age.
Descriptive anatomy, that part of anatomy which treats of the forms
and relations of parts, but not of their textures.
 -- Descriptive geometry, that branch of geometry. which treats of
the graphic solution of problems involving three dimensions, by means
of projections upon auxiliary planes. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ) --
De*scrip"tive*ly, adv.
 -- De*scrip"tive*ness, n.

DESCRIVE
De*scrive", v. t. Etym: [OF. descrivre. See Describe.]

Defn: To describe. [Obs.] Spenser.

DESCRY
De*scry", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Descried; p. pr. & vb. n. Descrying.]
Etym: [OE. descrien, discrien, to espy, prob. from the proclaiming of
what was espied, fr. OF. descrier to proclaim, cry down, decry, F.
décrier. The word was confused somewhat with OF. descriven, E.
describe, OF. descrivre, from L. describere. See Decry.]

1. To spy out or discover by the eye, as objects distant or obscure;
to espy; to recognize; to discern; to discover.
And the house of Joseph sent to descry Bethel. Judg. i. 23.
Edmund, I think, is gone . . . to descry The strength o' the enemy.
Shak.
And now their way to earth they had descried. Milton.

2. To discover; to disclose; to reveal. [R.]
His purple robe he had thrown aside, lest it should descry him.
Milton.

Syn.
 -- To see; behold; espy; discover; discern.

DESCRY
De*scry"

Defn: , Discovery or view, as of an army seen at a distance. [Obs.]
Near, and on speedy foot; the main descry Stands on the hourly
thought. Shak.

DESECATE
Des"e*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. desecare to cut off.]

Defn: To cut, as with a scythe; to mow. [Obs.]

DESECRATE
Des"e*crate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Desecrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Desecrating.] Etym: [L. desecratus, p. p. of desecrare (also
desacrare) to consecrate, dedicate; but taken in the sense if to
divest of a sacred character; de- + sacrare to consecrate, fr. sacer
sacred. See Sacred.]

Defn: To divest of a sacred character or office; to divert from a
sacred purpose; to violate the sanctity of; to profane; to put to an
unworthy use; -- the opposite of consecrate.
The [Russian] clergy can not suffer corporal punishment without being
previously desecrated. W. Tooke.
The founders of monasteries imprecated evil on those who should
desecrate their donations. Salmon.

DESECRATER
Des"e*cra`ter, n.

Defn: One who desecrates; a profaner. Harper's Mag.

DESECRATION
Des`e*cra"tion, n.

Defn: The act of desecrating; profanation; condition of anything
desecrated.

DESECRATOR
Des"e*cra`tor, n.

Defn: One who desecrates. "Desecrators of the church." Morley.

DESEGMENTATION
De*seg`men*ta"tion, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The loss or obliteration of division into segments; as, a
desegmentation of the body.

DESERT
De*sert", n. Etym: [OF. deserte, desserte, merit, recompense, fr.
deservir, desservir, to merit. See Deserve.]

Defn: That which is deserved; the reward or the punishment justly
due; claim to recompense, usually in a good sense; right to reward;
merit.
According to their deserts will I judge them. Ezek. vii. 27.
Andronicus, surnamed Pius For many good and great deserts to Rome.
Shak.
His reputation falls far below his desert. A. Hamilton.

Syn.
 -- Merit; worth; excellence; due.

DESERT
Des"ert, n. Etym: [F. désert, L. desertum, from desertus solitary,
desert, pp. of deserere to desert; de- + serere to join together. See
Series.]

1. A deserted or forsaken region; a barren tract incapable of
supporting population, as the vast sand plains of Asia and Africa are
destitute and vegetation.
A dreary desert and a gloomy waste. Pope.

2. A tract, which may be capable of sustaining a population, but has
been left unoccupied and uncultivated; a wilderness; a solitary
place.
He will make her wilderness like Eden, and her desert like the garden
of the Lord. Is. li. 3.

Note: Also figuratively.
Before her extended Dreary and vast and silent, the desert of life.
Longfellow.

DESERT
Des"ert, a. Etym: [Cf. L. desertus, p. p. of deserere, and F. désert.
See 2d Desert.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a desert; forsaken; without life or
cultivation; unproductive; waste; barren; wild; desolate; solitary;
as, they landed on a desert island.
He . . . went aside privately into a desert place. Luke ix. 10.
Full many a flower is born to blush unseen, And waste its sweetness
on the desert air. Gray.
Desert flora (Bot.), the assemblage of plants growing naturally in a
desert, or in a dry and apparently unproductive place.
 -- Desert hare (Zoöl.), a small hare (Lepus sylvaticus, var.
Arizonæ) inhabiting the deserts of the Western United States.
 -- Desert mouse (Zoöl.), an American mouse (Hesperomys eremicus),
living in the Western deserts.

DESERT
De*sert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deserted; p. pr. & vb. n. Deserting.]
Etym: [Cf. L. desertus, p. p. of deserere to desert, F. déserter. See
2d Desert.]

1. To leave (especially something which one should stay by and
support); to leave in the lurch; to abandon; to forsake; -- implying
blame, except sometimes when used of localities; as, to desert a
friend, a principle, a cause, one's country. "The deserted fortress."
Prescott.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To abandon (the service) without leave; to forsake in violation
of duty; to abscond from; as, to desert the army; to desert one's
colors.

DESERT
De*sert", v. i.

Defn: To abandon a service without leave; to quit military service
without permission, before the expiration of one's term; to abscond.
The soldiers . . . deserted in numbers. Bancroft.

Syn.
 -- To abandon; forsake; leave; relinquish; renounce; quit; depart
from; abdicate. See Abandon.

DESERTER
De*sert"er (, n.

Defn: One who forsakes a duty, a cause or a party, a friend, or any
one to whom he owes service; especially, a soldier or a seaman who
abandons the service without leave; one guilty of desertion.

DESERTFUL
De*sert"ful, a.

Defn: Meritorious. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

DESERTION
De*ser"tion, n. Etym: [L. desertio: cf. F. désertion.]

1. The act of deserting or forsaking; abandonment of a service, a
cause, a party, a friend, or any post of duty; the quitting of one's
duties willfully and without right; esp., an absconding from military
or naval service.
Such a resignation would have seemed to his superior a desertion or a
reproach. Bancroft.

2. The state of being forsaken; desolation; as, the king in his
desertion.

3. Abandonment by God; spiritual despondency.
The spiritual agonies of a soul under desertion. South.

DESERTLESS
De*sert"less, a.

Defn: Without desert. [R.]

DESERTLESSLY
De*sert"less*ly, adv.

Defn: Undeservedly. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

DESERTNESS
Des"ert*ness, n.

Defn: A deserted condition. [R.] "The desertness of the country."
Udall.

DESERTRIX; DESERTRICE
De*sert"rix, De*sert"rice, n. Etym: [L. desertrix.]

Defn: A feminine deserter. Milton.

DESERVE
De*serve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deserved; p. pr. & vb. n. Deserving.]
Etym: [OF. deservir, desservir, to merit, L. deservire to serve
zealously, be devoted to; de- + servire to serve. See Serve.]

1. To earn by service; to be worthy of (something due, either good or
evil); to merit; to be entitled to; as, the laborer deserves his
wages; a work of value deserves praise.
God exacteth of thee less than thine iniquity deserveth. Job xi. 6.
John Gay deserved to be a favorite. Thackeray.
Encouragement is not held out to things that deserve reprehension.
Burke.

2. To serve; to treat; to benefit. [Obs.]
A man that hath So well deserved me. Massinger.

DESERVE
De*serve", v. i.

Defn: To be worthy of recompense; -- usually with ill or with well.
One man may merit or deserve of another. South.

DESERVEDLY
De*serv"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: According to desert (whether good or evil); justly.

DESERVEDNESS
De*serv"ed*ness, n.

Defn: Meritoriousness.

DESERVER
De*serv"er, n.

Defn: One who deserves.

DESERVING
De*serv"ing, n.

Defn: Desert; merit.
A person of great deservings from the republic. Swift.

DESERVING
De*serv"ing, a.

Defn: Meritorious; worthy; as, a deserving or act.
 -- De*serv"ing*ly, adv.

DESHABILLE
Des`ha*bille, n. Etym: [F. déshabillé, fr. déshabiller to undress;
pref. dés- (L. dis-) + habiller to dress. See Habiliment, and cf.
Dishabille.]

Defn: An undress; a careless toilet.

DESICCANT
De*sic"cant, a. Etym: [L. desiccans, p. pr. of desiccare. See
Desiccate.]

Defn: Drying; desiccative.
 -- n.

Defn: (Med.) A medicine or application for drying up a sore. Wiseman.

DESICCATE
Des"ic*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Desiccated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Desiccating.] Etym: [L. desiccatus, p. p. of desiccare to dry up; de-
+ siccare to dry, siccus dry. See Sack wine.]

Defn: To dry up; to deprive or exhaust of moisture; to preserve by
drying; as, to desiccate fish or fruit.
Bodies desiccated by heat or age. Bacon.

DESICCATE
Des"ic*cate, v. i.

Defn: To become dry.

DESICCATION
Des`ic*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dessiccation.]

Defn: The act of desiccating, or the state of being desiccated.

DESICCATIVE
De*sic"ca*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. dessicatif.]

Defn: Drying; tending to dry. Ferrand.
 -- n. (Med.)

Defn: An application for drying up secretions.

DESICCATOR
Des"ic*ca`tor, n.

1. One who, or that which, desiccates.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A short glass jar fitted with an air-tight cover, and
containing some desiccating agent, as sulphuric acid or calcium
chloride, above which is suspended the material to be dried, or
preserved from moisture.

DESICCATORY
De*sic"ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Desiccative.

DESIDERABLE
De*sid"er*a*ble, a.

Defn: Desirable. [R.] "Good and desiderable things." Holland.

DESIDERATA
De*sid`e*ra"ta, n. pl.

Defn: See Desideratum.

DESIDERATE
De*sid"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Desiderated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Desiderating.] Etym: [L. desideratus, p. p. of desiderare to desire,
miss. See Desire, and cf. Desideratum.]

Defn: To desire; to feel the want of; to lack; to miss; to want.
Pray have the goodness to point out one word missing that ought to
have been there -- please to insert a desiderated stanza. You can
not. Prof. Wilson.
Men were beginning . . . to desiderate for them an actual abode of
fire. A. W. Ward.

DESIDERATION
De*sid`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. desideratio.]

Defn: Act of desiderating; also, the thing desired. [R.] Jeffrey.

DESIDERATIVE
De*sid"er*a*tive, a. Etym: [L. desiderativus.]

Defn: Denoting desire; as, desiderative verbs.

DESIDERATIVE
De*sid"er*a*tive, n.

1. An object of desire.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A verb formed from another verb by a change of termination, and
expressing the desire of doing that which is indicated by the
primitive verb.

DESIDERATUM
De*sid`e*ra"tum, n.; pl. Desiderata. Etym: [L., fr. desideratus, p.
p. See Desiderate.]

Defn: Anything desired; that of which the lack is felt; a want
generally felt and acknowledge.

DESIDIOSE; DESIDIOUS
De*sid"i*ose`, De*sid"i*ous, a. Etym: [L. desidiosus, fr. desidia a
sitting idle, fr. desid to sit idle; de- + sed to sit.]

Defn: Idle; lazy. [Obs.]

DESIDIOUSNESS
De*sid"i*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being desidiose, or indolent. [Obs.] N.
Bacon.

DESIGHT
De*sight", n. Etym: [Pref. de- + sight.]

Defn: An unsightly object. [Obs.]

DESIGHTMENT
De*sight"ment, n.

Defn: The act of making unsightly; disfigurement. [R.]
To substitute jury masts at whatever desightment or damage in risk.
London Times.

DESIGN
De*sign", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Designed; p. pr. & vb. n. Designing.]
Etym: [F. désigner to designate, cf. F. dessiner to draw, dessin
drawing, dessein a plan or scheme; all, ultimately, from L. designare
to designate; de- + signare to mark, mark out, signum mark, sign. See
Sign, and cf. Design, n., Designate.]

1. To draw preliminary outline or main features of; to sketch for a
pattern or model; to delineate; to trace out; to draw. Dryden.

2. To mark out and exhibit; to designate; to indicate; to show; to
point out; to appoint.
We shall see Justice design the victor's chivalry. Shak.
Meet me to-morrow where the master And this fraternity shall design.
Beau. & Fl.

3. To create or produce, as a work of art; to form a plan or scheme
of; to form in idea; to invent; to project; to lay out in the mind;
as, a man designs an essay, a poem, a statue, or a cathedral.

4. To intend or purpose; -- usually with for before the remote
object, but sometimes with to.
Ask of politicians the end for which laws were originally designed.
Burke.
He was designed to the study of the law. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To sketch; plan; purpose; intend; propose; project; mean.

DESIGN
De*sign", v. i.

Defn: To form a design or designs; to plan. Design for, to intend to
go to. [Obs.] "From this city she designed for Collin [Cologne]."
Evelyn.

DESIGN
De*sign", n. Etym: [Cf. dessein, dessin.]

1. A preliminary sketch; an outline or pattern of the main features
of something to be executed, as of a picture, a building, or a
decoration; a delineation; a plan.

2. A plan or scheme formed in the mind of something to be done;
preliminary conception; idea intended to be expressed in a visible
form or carried into action; intention; purpose; -- often used in a
bad sense for evil intention or purpose; scheme; plot.
The vast design and purposTennyson.
The leaders of that assembly who withstood the designs of a besotted
woman. Hallam.
A . . . settled design upon another man's life. Locke.
How little he could guess the secret designs of the court! Macaulay.

3. Specifically, intention or purpose as revealed or inferred from
the adaptation of means to an end; as, the argument from design.

4. The realization of an inventive or decorative plan; esp., a work
of decorative art considered as a new creation; conception or plan
shown in completed work; as, this carved panel is a fine design, or
of a fine design.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: The invention and conduct of the subject; the disposition of
every part, and the general order of the whole. Arts of design, those
into which the designing of artistic forms and figures enters as a
principal part, as architecture, painting, engraving, sculpture.
 -- School of design, one in which are taught the invention and
delineation of artistic or decorative figures, patterns, and the
like.

Syn.
 -- Intention; purpose; scheme; project; plan; idea.
 -- Design, Intention, Purpose. Design has reference to something
definitely aimed at. Intention points to the feelings or desires with
which a thing is sought. Purpose has reference to a settled choice or
determination for its attainment. "I had no design to injure you,"
means it was no part of my aim or object. "I had no intention to
injure you," means, I had no wish or desire of that kind. "My purpose
was directly the reverse," makes the case still stronger.
Is he a prudent man . . . that lays designs only for a day, without
any prospect to the remaining part of his life Tillotson.
I wish others the same intention, and greater successes. Sir W.
Temple.
It is the purpose that makes strong the vow. Shak.

DESIGNABLE
Des"ig*na*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being designated or distinctly marked out;
distinguishable. Boyle.

DESIGNATE
Des"ig*nate, a. Etym: [L. designatus, p. p. of designare. See Design,
v. t.]

Defn: Designated; appointed; chosen. [R.] Sir G. Buck.

DESIGNATE
Des"ig*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Designated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Designating.]

1. To mark out and make known; to point out; to name; to indicate; to
show; to distinguish by marks or description; to specify; as, to
designate the boundaries of a country; to designate the rioters who
are to be arrested.

2. To call by a distinctive title; to name.

3. To indicate or set apart for a purpose or duty; -- with to or for;
to designate an officer for or to the command of a post or station.

Syn.
 -- To name; denominate; style; entitle; characterize; describe.

DESIGNATION
Des`ig*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. designatio: cf. F. désignation.]

1. The act of designating; a pointing out or showing; indication.

2. Selection and appointment for a purpose; allotment; direction.

3. That which designates; a distinguishing mark or name; distinctive
title; appellation.
The usual designation of the days of the week. Whewell.

4. Use or application; import; intention; signification, as of a word
or phrase.
Finite and infinite seem . . . to be attributed primarily, in their
first designation, only to those things have parts. Locke.

DESIGNATIVE
Des"ig*na*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. désignatif.]

Defn: Serving to designate or indicate; pointing out.

DESIGNATOR
Des"ig*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An officer who assigned to each his rank and place in public
shows and ceremonies.

2. One who designates.

DESIGNATORY
Des"ig*na*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving to designate; designative; indicating. [R.]

DESIGNEDLY
De*sign"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: By design; purposely; intentionally; -- opposed to
accidentally, ignorantly, or inadvertently.

DESIGNER
De*sign"er, n.

1. One who designs, marks out, or plans; a contriver.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: One who produces or creates original works of art or
decoration.

3. A plotter; a schemer; -- used in a bad sense.

DESIGNFUL
De*sign"ful, a.

Defn: Full of design; scheming. [R.] -- De*sign"ful*ness, n. [R.]
Barrow.

DESIGNING
De*sign"ing, a.

Defn: Intriguing; artful; scheming; as, a designing man.

DESIGNING
De*sign"ing, n.

Defn: The act of making designs or sketches; the act of forming
designs or plans.

DESIGNLESS
De*sign"less, a.

Defn: Without design. [Obs.] -- De*sign"less*ly, adv. [Obs.]

DESIGNMENT
De*sign"ment, n.

1. Delineation; sketch; design; ideal; invention. [Obs.]
For though that some mean artist's skill were shown In mingling
colors, or in placing light, Yet still the fair designment was his
own. Dryden.

2. Design; purpose; scheme. [Obs.] Shak.

DESILVER
De*sil"ver, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of silver; as, to desilver lead.

DESILVERIZATION
De*sil`ver*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or the process of freeing from silver; also, the
condition resulting from the removal of silver.

DESILVERIZE
De*sil"ver*ize, v. t.

Defn: To deprive, or free from, silver; to remove silver from.

DESINENCE
Des"i*nence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. désinence.]

Defn: Termination; ending. Bp. Hall.

DESINENT
Des"i*nent, a. Etym: [L. desinens, p. pr. of desinere, desitum, to
leave off, cease; de- + sinere to let, allow.]

Defn: Ending; forming an end; lowermost. [Obs.] "Their desinent
parts, fish." B. Jonson.

DESINENTIAL
Des`i*nen"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. désinentiel.]

Defn: Terminal.
Furthermore, b, as a desinential element, has a dynamic function.
Fitzed. Hall.

DESIPIENT
De*sip"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. desipiens, p. pr. of desipere to be
foolish; de- + sapere to be wise.]

Defn: Foolish; silly; trifling. [R.]

DESIRABILITY
De*sir`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being desirable; desirableness.

DESIRABLE
De*sir"a*ble, a. Etym: [F. désirable, fr. L. desiderabilis. See
Desire, v. t.]

Defn: Worthy of desire or longing; fitted to excite desire or a wish
to possess; pleasing; agreeable.
All of them desirable young men. Ezek. xxiii. 12.
As things desirable excite Desire, and objects move the appetite.
Blackmore.

DESIRABLENESS
De*sir"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being desirable.
The desirableness of the Austrian alliance. Froude.

DESIRABLY
De*sir"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a desirable manner.

DESIRE
De*sire", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Desired; p. pr. & vb. n. Desiring.]
Etym: [F. désirer, L. desiderare, origin uncertain, perh. fr. de- +
sidus star, constellation, and hence orig., to turn the eyes from the
stars. Cf. Consider, and Desiderate, and see Sidereal.]

1. To long for; to wish for earnestly; to covet.
Neither shall any man desire thy land. Ex. xxxiv. 24.
Ye desire your child to live. Tennyson.

2. To express a wish for; to entreat; to request.
Then she said, Did I desire a son of my lord 2 Kings iv. 28.
Desire him to go in; trouble him no more. Shak.

3. To require; to demand; to claim. [Obs.]
A doleful case desires a doleful song. Spenser.

4. To miss; to regret. [Obs.]
She shall be pleasant while she lives, and desired when she dies.
Jer. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- To long for; hanker after; covet; wish; ask; request; solicit;
entreat; beg.
 -- To Desire, Wish. In desire the feeling is usually more eager than
in wish. "I wish you to do this" is a milder form of command than "I
desire you to do this," though the feeling prompting the injunction
may be the usage C. J. Smith.

DESIRE
De*sire", n. Etym: [F. désir, fr. désirer. See Desire, v. t.]

1. The natural longing that is excited by the enjoyment or the
thought of any good, and impels to action or effort its continuance
or possession; an eager wish to obtain or enjoy.
Unspeakable desire to see and know. Milton.

2. An expressed wish; a request; petition.
And slowly was my mother brought To yield consent to my desire.
Tennyson.

3. Anything which is desired; an object of longing.
The Desire of all nations shall come. Hag. ii. 7.

4. Excessive or morbid longing; lust; appetite.

5. Grief; regret. [Obs.] Chapman.

Syn.
 -- Wish; appetency; craving; inclination; eagerness; aspiration;
longing.

DESIREFUL
De*sire"ful, a.

Defn: Filled with desire; eager. [R.]
The desireful troops. Godfrey (1594).

DESIREFULNESS
De*sire"ful*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being desireful; eagerness to obtain and possess.
[R.]
The desirefulness of our minds much augmenteth and increaseth our
pleasure. Udall.

DESIRELESS
De*sire"less, a.

Defn: Free from desire. Donne.

DESIRER
De*sir"er, n.

Defn: One who desires, asks, or wishes.

DESIROUS
De*sir"ous, a. Etym: [F. désireux, OF. desiros, fr. desir. See
Desire, n.]

Defn: Feeling desire; eagerly wishing; solicitous; eager to obtain;
covetous.
Jesus knew that they were desirous to ask him. John xvi. 19.
Be not desirous of his dainties. Prov. xxiii. 3.

DESIROUSLY
De*sir"ous*ly, adv.

Defn: With desire; eagerly.

DESIROUSNESS
De*sir"ous*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being desirous.

DESIST
De*sist", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Desisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Desisting.]
Etym: [L. desistere; de- + sistere to stand, stop, fr. stare to
stand: cf. F. désister. See Stand.]

Defn: To cease to proceed or act; to stop; to forbear; -- often with
from.
Never desisting to do evil. E. Hall.
To desist from his bad practice. Massinger.
Desist (thou art discern'd, And toil'st in vain). Milton.

DESISTANCE
De*sist"ance, n. Etym: [Cf. F. desistance.]

Defn: The act or state of desisting; cessation. [R.] Boyle.
If fatigue of body or brain were in every case followed by desistance
. . . then would the system be but seldom out of working order. H.
Spencer.

DESISTIVE
De*sist"ive, a. Etym: [See Desist.]

Defn: Final; conclusive; ending. [R.]

DESITION
De*si"tion, n. Etym: [See Desinent.]

Defn: An end or ending. [R.]

DESITIVE
Des"i*tive, a.

Defn: Final; serving to complete; conclusive. [Obs.] "Desitive
propositions." I. Watts.

DESITIVE
Des"i*tive, n. (Logic)

Defn: A proposition relating to or expressing an end or conclusion.
[Obs.] I. Watts.

DESK
Desk, n. Etym: [OE. deske, the same word as dish, disk. See Dish, and
cf. Disk.]

1. A table, frame, or case, usually with sloping top, but often with
flat top, for the use writers and readers. It often has a drawer or
repository underneath.

2. A reading table or lectern to support the book from which the
liturgical service is read, differing from the pulpit from which the
sermon is preached; also (esp. in the United States), a pulpit.
Hence, used symbolically for "the clerical profession."

DESK
Desk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Desked; p. pr. & vb. n. Desking.]

Defn: To shut up, as in a desk; to treasure.

DESKWORK
Desk"work`, n.

Defn: Work done at a desk, as by a clerk or writer. Tennyson.

DESMAN
Des"man, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. desman musk.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An amphibious, insectivorous mammal found in Russia (Myogale
moschata). It is allied to the moles, but is called muscrat by some
English writers. [Written also dæsman.]

DESMID; DESMIDIAN
Des"mid, Des*mid"i*an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A microscopic plant of the family Desmidiæ, a group of
unicellular algæ in which the species have a greenish color, and the
cells generally appear as if they consisted of two coalescing halves.

DESMINE
Des"mine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Stilbite. It commonly occurs in bundles or tufts of
crystals.

DESMOBACTERIA
Des`mo*bac*te"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [Gr. bacteria.]

Defn: See Microbacteria.

DESMODONT
Des"mo*dont, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A member of a group of South American blood-sucking bats, of
the genera Desmodus and Diphylla. See Vampire.

DESMOGNATHOUS
Des*mog"na*thous, a. Etym: [Gr. desmo`s bond + (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the maxillo-palatine bones united; -- applied to a group
of carinate birds (Desmognathæ), including various wading and
swimming birds, as the ducks and herons, and also raptorial and other
kinds.

DESMOID
Des"moid, a. Etym: [Gr. desmo`s ligament + -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Resembling, or having the characteristics of, a ligament;
ligamentous.

DESMOLOGY
Des*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. desmo`s ligament + -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of the ligaments. [R.]

DESMOMYARIA
Des`mo*my*a"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Tunicata which includes the Salpæ. See Salpa.

DESOLATE
Des"o*late, a. Etym: [L. desolatus, p. p. of desolare to leave alone,
forsake; de- + solare to make lonely, solus alone. See Sole, a.]

1. Destitute or deprived of inhabitants; deserted; uninhabited;
hence, gloomy; as, a desolate isle; a desolate wilderness; a desolate
house.
I will make Jerusalem . . . a den of dragons, and I will make the
cities of Judah desolate, without an inhabitant. Jer. ix. 11.
And the silvery marish flowers that throng The desolate creeks and
pools among. Tennyson.

2. Laid waste; in a ruinous condition; neglected; destroyed; as,
desolate altars.

3. Left alone; forsaken; lonely; comfortless.
Have mercy upon, for I am desolate. Ps. xxv. 16.
Voice of the poor and desolate. Keble.

4. Lost to shame; dissolute. [Obs.] Chaucer.

5. Destitute of; lacking in. [Obs.]
I were right now of tales desolate. Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- Desert; uninhabited; lonely; waste.

DESOLATE
Des"o*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Desolated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Desolating.]

1. To make desolate; to leave alone; to deprive of inhabitants; as,
the earth was nearly desolated by the flood.

2. To lay waste; to ruin; to ravage; as, a fire desolates a city.
Constructed in the very heart of a desolating war. Sparks.

DESOLATELY
Des"o*late*ly, adv.

Defn: In a desolate manner.

DESOLATENESS
Des"o*late*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being desolate.

DESOLATER
Des"o*la`ter, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, desolates or lays waste. Mede.

DESOLATION
Des`o*la"tion, n. Etym: [F. désolation, L. desolatio.]

1. The act of desolating or laying waste; destruction of inhabitants;
depopulation.
Unto the end of the war desolations are determined. Dan. ix. 26.

2. The state of being desolated or laid waste; ruin; solitariness;
destitution; gloominess.
You would have sold your king to slaughter, . . . And his whole
kingdom into desolation. Shak.

3. A place or country wasted and forsaken.
How is Babylon become a desolation! Jer. l. 23.

Syn.
 -- Waste; ruin; destruction; havoc; devastation; ravage; sadness;
destitution; melancholy; gloom; gloominess.

DESOLATOR
Des"o*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Same as Desolater. Byron.

DESOLATORY
Des"o*la*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. desolatorius.]

Defn: Causing desolation. [R.] Bp. Hall.

DESOPHISTICATE
De`so*phis"ti*cate, v. t.

Defn: To clear from sophism or error. [R.] Hare.

DESOXALIC
Des`ox*al"ic, a. Etym: [F. pref. des- from + E. oxalic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Made or derived from oxalic acid; as, desoxalic acid.

DESPAIR
De*spair", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Despaired; p. pr. & vb. n.
Despairing.] Etym: [OE. despeiren, dispeiren, OF. desperer, fr. L.
desperare; de- + sperare to hope; akin to spes hope, and perh. to
spatium space, E. space, speed; cf. OF. espeir hope, F. espoir. Cf.
Prosper, Desperate.]

Defn: To be hopeless; to have no hope; to give up all hope or
expectation; -- often with of.
We despaired even of life. 2 Cor. i. 8.
Never despair of God's blessings here. Wake.

Syn.
 -- See Despond.

DESPAIR
De*spair", v. t.

1. To give up as beyond hope or expectation; to despair of. [Obs.]
I would not despair the greatest design that could be attempted.
Milton.

2. To cause to despair. [Obs.] Sir W. Williams.

DESPAIR
De*spair", n. Etym: [Cf. OF. despoir, fr. desperer.]

1. Loss of hope; utter hopelessness; complete despondency.
We in dark dreams are tossing to and fro, Pine with regret, or sicken
with despair. Keble.
Before he [Bunyan] was ten, his sports were interrupted by fits of
remorse and despair. Macaulay.

2. That which is despaired of. "The mere despair of surgery he
cures." Shak.

Syn.
 -- Desperation; despondency; hopelessness.

DESPAIRER
De*spair"er, n.

Defn: One who despairs.

DESPAIRFUL
De*spair"ful, a.

Defn: Hopeless. [Obs.] Spenser.

DESPAIRING
De*spair"ing, a.

Defn: Feeling or expressing despair; hopeless.
 -- De*spair"ing*ly, adv.
 -- De*spair"ing*ness, n.

DESPARPLE
De*spar"ple, v. t. & i. Etym: [OF. desparpeillier.]

Defn: To scatter; to disparkle. [Obs.] Mandeville.

DESPATCH
De*spatch", n. & v.

Defn: Same as Dispatch.

DESPECIFICATE
De`spe*cif"i*cate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. de- (intens.) + specificate.]

Defn: To discriminate; to separate according to specific
signification or qualities; to specificate; to desynonymize. [R.]
Inaptitude and ineptitude have been usefully despecificated. Fitzed.
Hall.

DESPECIFICATION
De*spec`ifi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Discrimination.

DESPECT
De*spect", n. Etym: [L. despectus, fr. despicere. See Despite, n.]

Defn: Contempt. [R.] Coleridge.

DESPECTION
De*spec"tion, n. Etym: [L. despectio.]

Defn: A looking down; a despising. [R.] W. Montagu.

DESPEED
De*speed", v. t.

Defn: To send hastily. [Obs.]
Despeeded certain of their crew. Speed.

DESPEND
De*spend", v. t.

Defn: To spend; to squander. See Dispend. [Obs.]
Some noble men in Spain can despend Howell.

DESPERADO
Des`per*a"do, n.; pl. Desperadoes. Etym: [OSp. desperado, p. p. of
desperar, fr. L. desperare. See Desperate.]

Defn: A reckless, furious man; a person urged by furious passions,
and regardless of consequence; a wild ruffian.

DESPERATE
Des"per*ate, a. Etym: [L. desperatus, p. p. of desperare. See
Despair, and cf. Desperado.]

1. Without hope; given to despair; hopeless. [Obs.]
I am desperate of obtaining her. Shak.

2. Beyond hope; causing despair; extremely perilous; irretrievable;
past cure, or, at least, extremely dangerous; as, a desperate
disease; desperate fortune.

3. Proceeding from, or suggested by, despair; without regard to
danger or safety; reckless; furious; as, a desperate effort.
"Desperate expedients." Macaulay.

4. Extreme, in a bad sense; outrageous; -- used to mark the extreme
predominance of a bad quality.
A desperate offendress against nature. Shak.
The most desperate of reprobates. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Hopeless; despairing; desponding; rash; headlong; precipitate;
irretrievable; irrecoverable; forlorn; mad; furious; frantic.

DESPERATE
Des"per*ate, n.

Defn: One desperate or hopeless. [Obs.]

DESPERATELY
Des"per*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a desperate manner; without regard to danger or safety;
recklessly; extremely; as, the troops fought desperately.
She fell desperately in love with him. Addison.

DESPERATENESS
Des"per*ate*ness n.

Defn: Desperation; virulence.

DESPERATION
Des`per*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. desperatio: cf. OF. desperation.]

1. The act of despairing or becoming desperate; a giving up of hope.
This desperation of success chills all our industry. Hammond.

2. A state of despair, or utter hopeless; abandonment of hope;
extreme recklessness; reckless fury.
In the desperation of the moment, the officers even tried to cut
their way through with their swords. W. Irving.

DESPICABILITY
Des`pi*ca*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Despicableness. [R.] Carlyle.

DESPICABLE
Des"pi*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. despicabilis, fr. despicari to despise;
akin to despicere. See Despise.]

Defn: Fit or deserving to be despised; contemptible; mean; vile;
worthless; as, a despicable man; despicable company; a despicable
gift.

Syn.
 -- Contemptible; mean; vile; worthless; pitiful; paltry; sordid;
low; base. See Contemptible.

DESPICABLENESS
Des"pi*ca*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being despicable; meanness; vileness;
worthlessness.

DESPICABLY
Des"pi*ca*bly, adv.

Defn: In a despicable or mean manner; contemptibly; as, despicably
stingy.

DESPICIENCY
Des*pi"cien*cy, n. Etym: [L. despicientia. See Despise.]

Defn: A looking down; despection. [Obs.]

DESPISABLE
De*spis"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. despisable.]

Defn: Despicable; contemptible. [R.]

DESPISAL
De*spis"al, n.

Defn: A despising; contempt. [R.]
A despisal of religion. South.

DESPISE
De*spise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Despised; p. pr. & vb. n. Despising.]
Etym: [OF. despis-, in some forms of despire to despise, fr. L.
despicere, despectum, to look down upon, despise; de- + spicere,
specere, to look. See Spy, and cf. Despicable, Despite.]

Defn: To look down upon with disfavor or contempt; to contemn; to
scorn; to disdain; to have a low opinion or contemptuous dislike of.
Fools despise wisdom and instruction. Prov. i. 7.
Men naturally despise those who court them, but respect those who do
not give way to them. Jowett (Thucyd. ).

Syn.
 -- To contemn; scorn; disdain; slight; undervalue. See Contemn.

DESPISEDNESS
De*spis"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being despised.

DESPISEMENT
De*spise"ment, n.

Defn: A despising. [R.] Holland.

DESPISER
De*spis"er, n.

Defn: One who despises; a contemner; a scorner.

DESPISINGLY
De*spis"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Contemptuously.

DESPITE
De*spite", n. Etym: [OF. despit, F. dépit, fr. L. despectus contempt,
fr. despicere. See Despise, and cf. Spite, Despect.]

1. Malice; malignity; spite; malicious anger; contemptuous hate.
With all thy despite against the land of Israel. Ezek. xxv. 6.

2. An act of malice, hatred, or defiance; contemptuous defiance; a
deed of contempt.
A despite done against the Most High. Milton.
In despite, in defiance of another's power or inclination.
 -- In despite of, in defiance of; in spite of. See under Spite.
"Seized my hand in despite of my efforts to the contrary." W. Irving.
 -- In your despite, in defiance or contempt of you; in spite of you.
[Obs.]

DESPITE
De*spite", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Despited; p. pr. & vb. n. Despiting.]
Etym: [OF. despitier, fr. L. despectare, intens. of despicere. See
Despite, n.]

Defn: To vex; to annoy; to offend contemptuously. [Obs.] Sir W.
Raleigh.

DESPITE
De*spite", prep.

Defn: In spite of; against, or in defiance of; notwithstanding; as,
despite his prejudices.

Syn.
 -- See Notwithstanding.

DESPITEFUL
De*spite"ful, a. Etym: [See Despite, and cf. Spiteful.]

Defn: Full of despite; expressing malice or contemptuous hate;
malicious.
 -- De*spite"ful*ly, adv.
 -- De*spite"ful*ness, n.
Haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters. Rom. i. 30.
Pray for them which despitefully use you. Matt. v. 44.
Let us examine him with despitefulness and fortune. Book of Wisdom
ii. 19.

DESPITEOUS
Des*pit"e*ous, a. Etym: [OE. despitous, OF. despiteus, fr. despit;
affected in form by E. piteous. See Despite.]

Defn: Feeling or showing despite; malicious; angry to excess; cruel;
contemptuous. [Obs.] "Despiteous reproaches." Holland.

DESPITEOUSLY
Des*pit"e*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Despitefully. [Obs.]

DESPITOUS
De*spit"ous, a.

Defn: Despiteous; very angry; cruel. [Obs.]
He was to sinful man not despitous. Chaucer.
- De*spit"ous*ly, adv. [Obs.]

DESPOIL
De*spoil", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Despoiled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Despoiling.] Etym: [OF. despoiller, F. dépouiller, L. despoliare,
despoliatum; de- + spoliare to strip, rob, spolium spoil, booty. Cf.
Spoil, Despoliation.]

1. To strip, as of clothing; to divest or unclothe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To deprive for spoil; to plunder; to rob; to pillage; to strip; to
divest; -- usually followed by of.
The clothed earth is then bare, Despoiled is the summer fair. Gower.
A law which restored to them an immense domain of which they had been
despoiled. Macaulay.
Despoiled of innocence, of faith, of bliss. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To strip; deprive; rob; bereave; rifle.

DESPOIL
De*spoil", n.

Defn: Spoil. [Obs.] Wolsey.

DESPOILER
De*spoil"er, n.

Defn: One who despoils.

DESPOILMENT
De*spoil"ment, n.

Defn: Despoliation. [R.]

DESPOLIATION
De*spo`li*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. despoliatio. See Despoil.]

Defn: A stripping or plundering; spoliation. Bailey.

DESPOND
De*spond", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Desponded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Desponding.] Etym: [L. despond, desponsum, to promise away, promise
in marriage, give up, to lose (courage); de- + spond to promise
solemnly. See Sponsor.]

Defn: To give up, the will, courage, or spirit; to be thoroughly
disheartened; to lose all courage; to become dispirited or depressed;
to take an unhopeful view.
I should despair, or at least despond. Scott's Letters.
Others depress their own minds, [and] despond at the first
difficulty. Locke.
We wish that . . . desponding patriotism may turn its eyes
hitherward, and be assured that foundations of our national power
still stand strong. D. Webster.

Syn.
 -- Despond, Dispair. Despair implies a total loss of hope, which
despond does not, at least in every case; yet despondency is often
more lasting than despair, or than desperation, which impels to
violent action.

DESPOND
De*spond" n.

Defn: Despondency. [Obs.]
The slough of despond. Bunyan.

DESPONDENCE
De*spond"ence, n.

Defn: Despondency.
The people, when once infected, lose their relish for happiness [and]
saunter about with looks of despondence. Goldsmith.

DESPONDENCY
De*spond"en*cy, n.

Defn: The state of desponding; loss of hope and cessation of effort;
discouragement; depression or dejection of the mind.
The unhappy prince seemed, during some days, to be sunk in
despondency. Macaulay.

DESPONDENT
De*spond"ent, a. Etym: [L. despondens, -entis, p. pr. of despond.]

Defn: Marked by despondence; given to despondence; low-spirited; as,
a despondent manner; a despondent prisoner.
 -- De*spond"ent*ly, adv.

DESPONDER
De*spond"er, n.

Defn: One who desponds.

DESPONDINGLY
De*spond"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a desponding manner.

DESPONSAGE
De*spon"sage, n. Etym: [From L. desponsus, p. p. See Despond.]

Defn: Betrothal. [Obs.]
Ethelbert . . . went peaceably to King Offa for desponsage of
Athilrid, his daughter. Foxe.

DESPONSATE
De*spon"sate, v. t. Etym: [L. desponsatus, p. p. of desponsare,
intens. of despondere to betroth. See Despond.]

Defn: To betroth. [Obs.] Johnson.

DESPONSATION
Des`pon*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. desponsatio: cf. OF. desponsation.]

Defn: A betrothing; betrothal. [Obs.]
For all this desponsation of her . . . she had not set one step
toward the consummation of her marriage. Jer. Taylor.

DESPONSORY
De*spon"so*ry, n.; pl. Desponsories (.

Defn: A written pledge of marriage. Clarendon.

DESPORT
De*sport", v. t. & i.

Defn: See Disport.

DESPOT
Des"pot, n. Etym: [F. despote, LL. despotus, fr. Gr. potens. See
Potent.]

1. A master; a lord; especially, an absolute or irresponsible ruler
or sovereign.
Irresponsible power in human hands so naturally leads to it, that
cruelty has become associated with despot and tyrant. C. J. Smith.

2. One who rules regardless of a constitution or laws; a tyrant.

DESPOTAT
Des"po*tat, n. Etym: [Cf. F. despotat.]

Defn: The station or government of a despot; also, the domain of a
despot. Freeman.

DESPOTIC; DESPOTICAL
Des*pot"ic, Des*pot"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. despotique.]

Defn: Having the character of, or pertaining to, a despot; absolute
in power; possessing and abusing unlimited power; evincing despotism;
tyrannical; arbitrary.
 -- Des*pot"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Des*pot"ic*al*ness, n.

DESPOTISM
Des"po*tism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. despotisme.]

1. The power, spirit, or principles of a despot; absolute control
over others; tyrannical sway; tyranny. "The despotism of vice."
Byron.

2. A government which is directed by a despot; a despotic monarchy;
absolutism; autocracy.
Despotism . . . is the only form of government which may with safety
to itself neglect the education of its infant poor. Bp. Horsley.

DESPOTIST
Des"po*tist, n.

Defn: A supporter of despotism. [R.]

DESPOTIZE
Des"po*tize, v. t.

Defn: To act the despot.

DESPREAD
De*spread", v. t. & i.

Defn: See Dispread.

DESPUMATE
Des"pu*mate, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Despumated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Despumating.] Etym: [L. despumatus, p. p. of despumare to despume;
de- + spumare to foam, froth, spuma froth, scum.]

Defn: To throw off impurities in spume; to work off in foam or scum;
to foam.

DESPUMATION
Des`pu*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. despumatio: cf. F. despumation.]

Defn: The act of throwing up froth or scum; separation of the scum or
impurities from liquids; scumming; clarification.

DESPUME
De*spume", v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. despumer. See Despumate.]

Defn: To free from spume or scum. [Obs.]
If honey be despumed. Holland.

DESQUAMATE
Des"qua*mate, v. i. Etym: [L. desquamatus, p. p. of desquamare to
scale off; de- + squama scale.] (Med.)

Defn: To peel off in the form of scales; to scale off, as the skin in
certain diseases.

DESQUAMATION
Des`qua*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. desquamation.] (Med.)

Defn: The separation or shedding of the cuticle or epidermis in the
form of flakes or scales; exfoliation, as of bones.

DESQUAMATIVE; DESQUAMATORY
De*squam"a*tive, De*squam"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or attended with, desquamation.

DESQUAMATORY
De*squam"a*to*ry, n. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument formerly used in removing the laminæ of
exfoliated bones.

DESS
Dess, n.

Defn: Dais. [Obs.]

DESSERT
Des*sert", n. Etym: [F., fr. desservir to remove from table, to clear
the table; pref. des- (L. dis-) + servir to serve, to serve at table.
See Serve.]

Defn: A service of pastry, fruits, or sweetmeats, at the close of a
feast or entertainment; pastry, fruits, etc., forming the last course
at dinner.
"An 't please your honor," quoth the peasant, "This same dessert is
not so pleasant." Pope.
Dessert spoon, a spoon used in eating dessert; a spoon intermediate
in size between a teaspoon and a tablespoon.
 -- Dessert-spoonful, n., pl. Dessert-spoonfuls, as much as a dessert
spoon will hold, usually reckoned at about two and a half fluid
drams.

DESTEMPER
Des*tem"per, n. Etym: [Cf. F. détrempe, fr. détremper.]

Defn: A kind of painting. See Distemper.

DESTIN
Des"tin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. destin.]

Defn: Destiny. [Obs.] Marston.

DESTINABLE
Des"ti*na*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. destinable.]

Defn: Determined by destiny; fated. Chaucer.

DESTINABLY
Des"ti*na*bly, adv.

Defn: In a destinable manner.

DESTINAL
Des"ti*nal, a.

Defn: Determined by destiny; fated. [Obs.] "The order destinal."
Chaucer.

DESTINATE
Des"ti*nate, a. Etym: [L. destinatus, p. p. of destinare. See
Destine.]

Defn: Destined. [Obs.] "Destinate to hell." Foxe.

DESTINATE
Des"ti*nate, v. t.

Defn: To destine, design, or choose. [Obs.] "That name that God . . .
did destinate." Udall.

DESTINATION
Des`ti*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. destinatio determination: cf. F.
destination destination.]

1. The act of destining or appointing.

2. Purpose for which anything is destined; predetermined end, object,
or use; ultimate design.

3. The place set for the end of a journey, or to which something is
sent; place or point aimed at.

Syn.
 -- Appointment; design; purpose; intention; destiny; lot; fate; end.

DESTINE
Des"tine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Destined; p. pr. & vb. n. Destining.]
Etym: [F. destiner, L. destinare; de + the root of stare to stand.
See Stand, and cf. Obstinate.]

Defn: To determine the future condition or application of; to set
apart by design for a future use or purpose; to fix, as by destiny or
by an authoritative decree; to doom; to ordain or preordain; to
appoint; -- often with the remoter object preceded by to or for.
We are decreed, Reserved, and destined to eternal woe. Milton.
Till the loathsome opposite Of all my heart had destined, did obtain.
Tennyson.
Not enjoyment and not sorrow Is our destined end or way. Longfellow.

Syn.
 -- To design; mark out; determine; allot; choose; intend; devote;
consecrate; doom.

DESTINIST
Des"ti*nist, n.

Defn: A believer in destiny; a fatalist. [R.]

DESTINY
Des"ti*ny, n.; pl. Destinies. Etym: [OE. destinee, destene, F.
destinée, from destiner. See Destine.]

1. That to which any person or thing is destined; predetermined
state; condition foreordained by the Divine or by human will; fate;
lot; doom.
Thither he Will come to know his destiny. Shak.
No man of woman born, Coward or brave, can shun his destiny. Bryant.

2. The fixed order of things; invincible necessity; fate; a
resistless power or agency conceived of as determining the future,
whether in general or of an individual.
But who can turn the stream of destiny Spenser.
Fame comes only when deserved, and then is as inevitable as destiny,
for it is destiny. Longfellow.
The Destinies (Anc. Myth.), the three Parcæ, or Fates; the supposed
powers which preside over human life, and determine its circumstances
and duration.
Marked by the Destinies to be avoided. Shak.

DESTITUENT
De*stit"u*ent, a. Etym: [L. destituens, p. pr. of destituere.]

Defn: Deficient; wanting; as, a destituent condition. [Obs.] Jer.
Taylor.

DESTITUTE
Des"ti*tute, a. Etym: [L. destitutus, p. p. of destituere to set
away, leave alone, forsake; de + statuere to set. See Statute.]

1. Forsaken; not having in possession (something necessary, or
desirable); deficient; lacking; devoid; -- often followed by of.
In thee is my trust; leave not my soul destitute. Ps. cxli. 8.
Totally destitute of all shadow of influence. Burke.

2. Not possessing the necessaries of life; in a condition of want;
needy; without possessions or resources; very poor.
They wandered about in sheepskins and goatskins; being destitute,
afflicted, tormented. Heb. xi. 37.

DESTITUTE
Des"ti*tute, v. t.

1. To leave destitute; to forsake; to abandon. [Obs.]
To forsake or destitute a plantation. Bacon.

2. To make destitute; to cause to be in want; to deprive; -- followed
by of. [Obs.]
Destituted of all honor and livings. Holinshed.

3. To disappoint. [Obs.]
When his expectation is destituted. Fotherby.

DESTITUTELY
Des"ti*tute*ly, adv.

Defn: In destitution.

DESTITUTENESS
Des"ti*tute*ness, n.

Defn: Destitution. [R.] Ash.

DESTITUTION
Des`ti*tu"tion, n. Etym: [L. destitutio a forsaking.]

Defn: The state of being deprived of anything; the state or condition
of being destitute, needy, or without resources; deficiency; lack;
extreme poverty; utter want; as, the inundation caused general
destitution.

DESTRER; DEXTRER
Des*trer", Dex"trer, n. Etym: [OF. destrier, fr. L. dextra on the
right side. The squire led his master's horse beside him, on his
right hand. Skeat.]

Defn: A war horse. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DESTRIE
De*strie", v. t.

Defn: To destroy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DESTROY
De*stroy", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Destroyed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Destroying.] Etym: [OE. destroien, destruien, destrien, OF.
destruire, F. détruire, fr. L. destruere, destructum; de + struere to
pile up, build. See Structure.]

1. To unbuild; to pull or tear down; to separate virulently into its
constituent parts; to break up the structure and organic existence
of; to demolish.
But ye shall destroy their altars, break their images, and cut down
their groves. Ex. xxxiv. 13.

2. To ruin; to bring to naught; to put an end to; to annihilate; to
consume.
I will utterly pluck up and destroy that nation. Jer. xii. 17.

3. To put an end to the existence, prosperity, or beauty of; to kill.
If him by force he can destroy, or, worse, By some false guile
pervert. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To demolish; lay waste; consume; raze; dismantle; ruin; throw
down; overthrow; subvert; desolate; devastate; deface; extirpate;
extinguish; kill; slay. See Demolish.

DESTROYABLE
De*stroy"a*ble, a.

Defn: Destructible. [R.]
Plants . . . scarcely destroyable by the weather. Derham.

DESTROYER
De*stroy"er, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. destruior.]

Defn: One who destroys, ruins, kills, or desolates.

DESTRUCT
De*struct", v. t. Etym: [L. destructus, p. p. of destruere. See
Destroy.]

Defn: To destroy. [Obs.] Mede.

DESTRUCTIBILITY
De*struc`ti*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. destructibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being capable of destruction; destructibleness.

DESTRUCTIBLE
De*struc"ti*ble, a. Etym: [L. destructibilis.]

Defn: Liable to destruction; capable of being destroyed.

DESTRUCTIBLENESS
De*struc"ti*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being destructible.

DESTRUCTION
De*struc"tion, n. Etym: [L. destructio: cf. F. destruction. See
Destroy.]

1. The act of destroying; a tearing down; a bringing to naught;
subversion; demolition; ruin; slaying; devastation.
The Jews smote all their enemies with the stroke of the sword, and
slaughter, and destruction. Esth. ix. 5.
'Tis safer to be that which we destroy Than by destruction dwell in
doubtful joy. Shak.
Destruction of venerable establishment. Hallam.

2. The state of being destroyed, demolished, ruined, slain, or
devastated.
This town came to destruction. Chaucer.
Thou castedst them down into destruction. Ps. lxxiii. 18.

2. A destroying agency; a cause of ruin or of devastation; a
destroyer.
The destruction that wasteth at noonday. Ps. xci. 6.

Syn.
 -- Demolition; subversion; overthrow; desolation; extirpation;
extinction; devastation; downfall; extermination; havoc; ruin.

DESTRUCTIONIST
De*struc"tion*ist, n.

1. One who delights in destroying that which is valuable; one whose
principles and influence tend to destroy existing institutions; a
destructive.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: One who believes in the final destruction or complete
annihilation of the wicked; -- called also annihilationist. Shipley.

DESTRUCTIVE
De*struc"tive, a. Etym: [L. destructivus: cf. F. destructif.]

Defn: Causing destruction; tending to bring about ruin, death, or
devastation; ruinous; fatal; productive of serious evil; mischievous;
pernicious; -- often with of or to; as, intemperance is destructive
of health; evil examples are destructive to the morals of youth.
Time's destructive power. Wordsworth.
Destructive distillation. See Distillation.
 -- Destructive sorties ( (Logic), a process of reasoning which
involves the denial of the first of a series of dependent
propositions as a consequence of the denial of the last; a species of
reductio ad absurdum. Whately.

Syn.
 -- Mortal; deadly; poisonous; fatal; ruinous; malignant; baleful;
pernicious; mischievous.

DESTRUCTIVE
De*struc"tive, n.

Defn: One who destroys; a radical reformer; a destructionist.

DESTRUCTIVELY
De*struc"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a destructive manner.

DESTRUCTIVENESS
De*struc"tive*ness, n.

1. The quality of destroying or ruining. Prynne.

2. (Phren.)

Defn: The faculty supposed to impel to the commission of acts of
destruction; propensity to destroy.

DESTRUCTOR
De*struc"tor, n. Etym: [L., from destruere. See Destroy, and cf.
Destroyer.]

Defn: A destroyer. [R.]
Fire, the destructive and the artificial death of things. Boyle.

DESTRUIE
De*struie", v. t.

Defn: To destroy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DESUDATION
Des`u*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. desudatio, fr. desudare to sweat greatly;
de + sudare to sweat.] (Med.)

Defn: A sweating; a profuse or morbid sweating, often succeeded by an
eruption of small pimples.

DESUETE
De*suete", a. Etym: [L. desuetus, p. p. of desuescere to disuse.]

Defn: Disused; out of use. [R.]

DESUETUDE
Des"ue*tude, n. Etym: [L. desuetudo, from desuescere, to grow out of
use, disuse; de + suescere to become used or accustomed: cf. F.
désuétude. See Custom.]

Defn: The cessation of use; disuse; discontinuance of practice,
custom, or fashion.
The desuetude abrogated the law, which, before, custom had
established. Jer. Taylor.

DESULPHURATE
De*sul"phu*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Desulphurated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Desulphurating.]

Defn: To deprive of sulphur.

DESULPHURATION
De*sul`phu*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. désulfuration.]

Defn: The act or process of depriving of sulphur.

DESULPHURIZE
De*sul"phur*ize, v. t.

Defn: To desulphurate; to deprive of sulphur.
 -- De*sul`phur*i*za"tion, n.

DESULTORILY
Des"ul*to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a desultory manner; without method; loosely; immethodically.

DESULTORINESS
Des"ul*to*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being desultory or without order or method;
unconnectedness.
The seeming desultoriness of my method. Boyle.

DESULTORIOUS
Des`ul*to"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Desultory. [R.]

DESULTORY
Des"ul*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. desultorius, fr. desultor a leaper, fr.
desilire, desultum, to leap down; de + salire to leap. See
Saltation.]

1. Leaping or skipping about. [Obs.]
I shot at it [a bird], but it was so desultory that I missed my aim.
Gilbert White.

2. Jumping, or passing, from one thing or subject to another, without
order or rational connection; without logical sequence; disconnected;
immethodical; aimless; as, desultory minds. Atterbury.
He [Goldsmith] knew nothing accurately; his reading had been
desultory. Macaulay.

3. Out of course; by the way; as a digression; not connected with the
subject; as, a desultory remark.

Syn.
 -- Rambling; roving; immethodical; discursive; inconstant;
unsettled; cursory; slight; hasty; loose.

DESUME
De*sume", v. t. Etym: [L. desumere; de + sumere to take.]

Defn: To select; to borrow. [Obs.] Sir. M. Hale.

DESYNONYMIZATION
De`syn*on`y*mi*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of desynonymizing.

DESYNONYMIZE
De`syn*on"y*mize, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of synonymous character; to discriminate in use; --
applied to words which have been employed as synonyms. Coleridge.
Trench.

DETACH
De*tach", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detached; p. pr. & vb. n. Detaching.]
Etym: [F. détacher (cf. It. distaccare, staccare); pref. dé (L. dis)
+ the root found also in E. attach. See Attach, and cf. Staccato.]

1. To part; to separate or disunite; to disengage; -- the opposite of
attach; as, to detach the coats of a bulbous root from each other; to
detach a man from a leader or from a party.

2. To separate for a special object or use; -- used especially in
military language; as, to detach a ship from a fleet, or a company
from a regiment.

Syn.
 -- To separate; disunite; disengage; sever; disjoin; withdraw;; draw
off. See Detail.

DETACH
De*tach", v. i.

Defn: To push asunder; to come off or separate from anything; to
disengage.
[A vapor] detaching, fold by fold, From those still heights.
Tennyson.

DETACHABLE
De*tach"a*ble, a.

Defn: That can be detached.

DETACHED
De*tached", a.

Defn: Separate; unconnected, or imperfectly connected; as, detached
parcels. "Extensive and detached empire." Burke. Detached escapement.
See Escapement.

DETACHMENT
De*tach"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. détachement.]

1. The act of detaching or separating, or the state of being
detached.

2. That which is detached; especially, a body of troops or part of a
fleet sent from the main body on special service.
Troops . . . widely scattered in little detachments. Bancroft.

3. Abstraction from worldly objects; renunciation.
A trial which would have demanded of him a most heroic faith and the
detachment of a saint. J. H. Newman.

DETAIL
De"tail, n. Etym: [F. détail, fr. détailler to cut in pieces, tell in
detail; pref. dé- (L. de or dis-) + tailler to cut. See Tailor.]

1. A minute portion; one of the small parts; a particular; an item; -
- used chiefly in the plural; as, the details of a scheme or
transaction.
The details of the campaign in Italy. Motley.

2. A narrative which relates minute points; an account which dwells
on particulars.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: The selection for a particular service of a person or a body of
men; hence, the person or the body of men so selected. Detail
drawing, a drawing of the full size, or on a large scale, of some
part of a building, machine, etc.
 -- In detail, in subdivisions; part by part; item; circumstantially;
with particularity.

Syn.
 -- Account; relation; narrative; recital; explanation; narration.

DETAIL
De"tail, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Detailing.]
Etym: [Cf. F. détailler to cut up in pieces, tell in detail. See
Detail, n.]

1. To relate in particulars; to particularize; to report minutely and
distinctly; to enumerate; to specify; as, he detailed all the facts
in due order.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To tell off or appoint for a particular service, as an officer,
a troop, or a squadron.

Syn.
 -- Detail, Detach. Detail respect the act of individualizing the
person or body that is separated; detach, the removing for the given
end or object.

DETAILER
De*tail"er, n.

Defn: One who details.

DETAIN
De*tain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detained; p. pr. & vb. n. Detaining.]
Etym: [F. détenir, L. detinere, detentum; de + tenere to hold. See
Tenable.]

1. To keep back or from; to withhold.
Detain not the wages of the hireling. Jer. Taylor.

2. To restrain from proceeding; to stay or stop; to delay; as, we
were detained by an accident.
Let us detain thee, until we shall have made ready a kid for thee.
Judges xiii. 15.

3. To hold or keep in custody.

Syn.
 -- To withhold; retain; stop; stay; arrest; check; retard; delay;
hinder.

DETAIN
De*tain", n.

Defn: Detention. [Obs.] Spenser.

DETAINDER
De*tain"der, n. (Law)

Defn: A writ. See Detinue.

DETAINER
De*tain"er, n.

1. One who detains.

2. (Law)
(a) The keeping possession of what belongs to another; detention of
what is another's, even though the original taking may have been
lawful. Forcible detainer is indictable at common law.
(b) A writ authorizing the keeper of a prison to continue to keep a
person in custody.

DETAINMENT
De*tain"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. detenement.]

Defn: Detention. [R.] Blackstone.

DETECT
De*tect", a. Etym: [L. detectus, p. p. of detegere to uncover,
detect; de + tegere to cover. See Tegument.]

Defn: Detected. [Obs.] Fabyan.

DETECT
De*tect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detected; p. pr. & vb. n. Detecting.]

1. To uncover; to discover; to find out; to bring to light; as, to
detect a crime or a criminal; to detect a mistake in an account.
Plain good intention . . . is as easily discovered at the first view,
as fraud is surely detected at last. Burke.
Like following life through creatures you dissect, You lose it in the
moment you detect. Pope.

2. To inform against; to accuse. [Obs.]
He was untruly judged to have preached such articles as he was
detected of. Sir T. More.

Syn.
 -- To discover; find out; lay bare; expose.

DETECTABLE; DETECTIBLE
De*tect"a*ble, De*tect"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being detected or found out; as, parties not
detectable. "Errors detectible at a glance." Latham.

DETECTER
De*tect"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, detects or brings to light; one who
finds out what another attempts to conceal; a detector.

DETECTION
De*tec"tion, n. Etym: [L. detectio an uncovering, revealing.]

Defn: The act of detecting; the laying open what was concealed or
hidden; discovery; as, the detection of a thief; the detection of
fraud, forgery, or a plot.
Such secrets of guilt are never from detection. D. Webster.

DETECTIVE
De*tect"ive, a.

Defn: Fitted for, or skilled in, detecting; employed in detecting
crime or criminals; as, a detective officer.

DETECTIVE
De*tect"ive, n.

Defn: One who business it is so detect criminals or discover matters
of secrecy.

DETECTOR
De*tect"or, n. Etym: [L., a revealer.]

Defn: One who, or that which, detects; a detecter. Shak.
A deathbed's detector of the heart. Young.
Bank-note detector, a publication containing a description of genuine
and counterfeit bank notes, designed to enable persons to
discriminate between them.
 -- Detector l. See under Lock.

DETECTOR BAR
De*tect"or bar. (Railroads)

Defn: A bar, connected with a switch, longer than the distance
between any two consecutive wheels of a train (45 to 50 feet), laid
inside a rail and operated by the wheels so that the switch cannot be
thrown until all the train is past the switch.

DETENEBRATE
De*ten"e*brate, v. t. Etym: [L. de + tenebrare to make dark, fr.
tenebrae darkness.]

Defn: To remove darkness from. [Obs.] Ash.

DETENT
De*tent", n. Etym: [F. détente, fr. détendre to unbend, relax; pref.
dé- (L. dis- or de) + tendre to stretch. See Distend.] (Mech.)

Defn: That which locks or unlocks a movement; a catch, pawl, or dog;
especially, in clockwork, the catch which locks and unlocks the
wheelwork in striking.

DETENTION
De*ten"tion, n. Etym: [L. detentio: cf. F. détention. See Detain.]

1. The act of detaining or keeping back; a withholding.

2. The state of being detained (stopped or hindered); delay from
necessity.

3. Confinement; restraint; custody.
The archduke Philip . . . found himself in a sort of honorable
detention at Henry's court. Hallam.

DETER
De*ter", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deterred; p. pr. & vb. n. Deterring.]
Etym: [L. deterrere; de + terrere to frighten, terrify. See Terror.]

Defn: To prevent by fear; hence, to hinder or prevent from action by
fear of consequences, or difficulty, risk, etc. Addison.
Potent enemies tempt and deter us from our duty. Tillotson.
My own face deters me from my glass. Prior.

DETERGE
De*terge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deterged; p. pr. & vb. n. Deterging.]
Etym: [L. detergere, detersum; de + tergere to rub or wipe off: cf.
F. déterger.]

Defn: To cleanse; to purge away, as foul or offending matter from the
body, or from an ulcer.

DETERGENCY
De*ter"gen*cy, n.

Defn: A cleansing quality or power. De Foe.

DETERGENT
De*ter"gent, a. Etym: [L. detergens, -entis, p. pr. of detergere: cf.
F. détergent.]

Defn: Cleansing; purging.
 -- n.

Defn: A substance which cleanses the skin, as water or soap; a
medicine to cleanse wounds, ulcers, etc.

DETERIORATE
De*te"ri*o*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deteriorated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Deteriorating.] Etym: [L. deterioratus, p. p. of deteriorate to
deteriorate, fr. deterior worse, prob. a comparative fr. de down,
away.]

Defn: To make worse; to make inferior in quality or value; to impair;
as, to deteriorate the mind. Whately.
The art of war . . . was greatly deteriorated. Southey.

DETERIORATE
De*te"ri*o*rate, v. i.

Defn: To grow worse; to be impaired in quality; to degenerate.
Under such conditions, the mind rapidly deteriorates. Goldsmith.

DETERIORATION
De*te`ri*o*ra"tion, n. Etym: [LL. deterioratio: cf. F.
détérioration.]

Defn: The process of growing worse, or the state of having grown
worse.

DETERIORITY
De*te`ri*or"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. deterior worse. See Deteriorate.]

Defn: Worse state or quality; inferiority. "The deteriority of the
diet." [R.] Ray.

DETERMENT
De*ter"ment, n. Etym: [From Deter.]

Defn: The act of deterring; also, that which deters. Boyle.

DETERMINABILITY
De*ter`mi*na*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being determinable; determinableness. Coleridge.

DETERMINABLE
De*ter"mi*na*ble, a. Etym: [L. determinabilis finite. See Determine,
v. t.]

Defn: Capable of being determined, definitely ascertained, decided
upon, or brought to a conclusion.
Not wholly determinable from the grammatical use of the words. South.

DETERMINABLENESS
De*ter"mi*na*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Capability of being determined; determinability.

DETERMINACY
De*ter"mi*na*cy, n.

Defn: Determinateness. [R.]

DETERMINANT
De*ter"mi*nant, a. Etym: [L. determinans, p. pr. of determinare: cf.
F. déterminant.]

Defn: Serving to determine or limit; determinative.

DETERMINANT
De*ter"mi*nant, n.

1. That which serves to determine; that which causes determination.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The sum of a series of products of several numbers, these
products being formed according to certain specified laws; thus, the
determinant of the nine numbers. a, b, c,a', b', c',a'\'b7, b'\'b7,
c'\'b7, is a b' c'\'b7 -- a b'\'b7 c' + a' b'\'b7 c] -- a' b c'\'b7 +
a'\'b7 b' c. The determinant is written by placing the numbers from
which it is formed in a square between two vertical lines. The theory
of determinants forms a very important branch of modern mathematics.

3. (Logic)

Defn: A mark or attribute, attached to the subject or predicate,
narrowing the extent of both, but rendering them more definite and
precise. Abp. Thomson.

DETERMINATE
De*ter"mi*nate, a. Etym: [L. determinatus, p. p. of determinare. See
Determine.]

1. Having defined limits; not uncertain or arbitrary; fixed;
established; definite.
Quantity of words and a determinate number of feet. Dryden.

2. Conclusive; decisive; positive.
The determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God. Acts ii. 23.

3. Determined or resolved upon. [Obs.]
My determinate voyage. Shak.

4. Of determined purpose; resolute. [Obs.]
More determinate to do than skillful how to do. Sir P. Sidney.
Determinate inflorescence (Bot.), that in which the flowering
commences with the terminal bud of a stem, which puts a limit to its
growth; -- also called centrifugal inflorescence.
 -- Determinate problem (Math.), a problem which admits of a limited
number of solutions.
 -- Determinate quantities, Determinate equations (Math.), those that
are finite in the number of values or solutions, that is, in which
the conditions of the problem or equation determine the number.

DETERMINATE
De*ter"mi*nate, v. t.

Defn: To bring to an end; to determine. See Determine. [Obs.]
The sly, slow hours shall not determinate The dateless limit of thy
dear exile. Shak.

DETERMINATELY
De*ter"mi*nate*ly, adv.

1. In a determinate manner; definitely; ascertainably.
The principles of religion are already either determinately true or
false, before you think of them. Tillotson.

2. Resolutely; unchangeably.
Being determinately . . . bent to marry. Sir P. Sidney.

DETERMINATENESS
De*ter"mi*nate*ness, n.

Defn: State of being determinate.

DETERMINATION
De*ter`mi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. determinatio boundary, end: cf. F.
détermination.]

1. The act of determining, or the state of being determined.

2. Bringing to an end; termination; limit.
A speedy determination of that war. Ludlow.

3. Direction or tendency to a certain end; impulsion.
Remissness can by no means consist with a constant determination of
the will . . . to the greatest apparent good. Locke.

4. The quality of mind reaches definite conclusions; decision of
character; resoluteness.
He only is a well-made man who has a good determination. Emerson.

5. The state of decision; a judicial decision, or ending of
controversy.

6. That which is determined upon; result of deliberation; purpose;
conclusion formed; fixed resolution.
So bloodthirsty a determination to obtain convictions. Hallam.

7. (Med.)

Defn: A flow, rush, or tendency to a particular part; as, a
determination of blood to the head.

8. (Physical Sciences)

Defn: The act, process, or result of any accurate measurement, as of
length, volume, weight, intensify, etc.; as, the determination of the
ohm or of the wave length of light; the determination of the salt in
sea water, or the oxygen in the air.

9. (Logic)
(a) The act of defining a concept or notion by giving its essential
constituents.
(b) The addition of a differentia to a concept or notion, thus
limiting its extent; -- the opposite of generalization.

10. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: The act of determining the relations of an object, as regards
genus and species; the referring of minerals, plants, or animals, to
the species to which they belong; classification; as, I am indebted
to a friend for the determination of most of these shells.

Syn.
 -- Decision; conclusion; judgment; purpose; resolution; resolve;
firmness. See Decision.

DETERMINATIVE
De*ter"mi*na*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. déterminatif.]

Defn: Having power to determine; limiting; shaping; directing;
conclusive.
Incidents . . . determinative of their course. I. Taylor.
Determinative tables (Nat. Hist.), tables presenting the specific
character of minerals, plants, etc., to assist in determining the
species to which a specimen belongs.

DETERMINATIVE
De*ter"mi*na*tive, n.

Defn: That which serves to determine.
Explanatory determinatives . . . were placed after words phonetically
expressed, in order to serve as an aid to the reader in determining
the meaning. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

DETERMINATOR
De*ter"mi*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who determines. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

DETERMINE
De*ter"mine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Determined; p. pr. & vb. n.
Determining.] Etym: [F. déterminer, L. determinare, determinatum; de
+ terminare limit, terminus limit. See Term.]

1. To fix the boundaries of; to mark off and separate.
[God] hath determined the times before appointed. Acts xvii. 26.

2. To set bounds to; to fix the determination of; to limit; to bound;
to bring to an end; to finish.
The knowledge of men hitherto hath been determined by the view or
sight. Bacon.
Now, where is he that will not stay so long Till his friend sickness
hath determined me Shak.

3. To fix the form or character of; to shape; to prescribe
imperatively; to regulate; to settle.
The character of the soul is determined by the character of its God.
J. Edwards.
Something divinely beautiful . . . that at some time or other might
influence or even determine her course of life. W. Black.

4. To fix the course of; to impel and direct; -- with a remoter
object preceded by to; as, another's will determined me to this
course.

5. To ascertain definitely; to find out the specific character or
name of; to assign to its true place in a system; as, to determine an
unknown or a newly discovered plant or its name.

6. To bring to a conclusion, as a question or controversy; to settle
authoritative or judicial sentence; to decide; as, the court has
determined the cause.

7. To resolve on; to have a fixed intention of; also, to cause to
come to a conclusion or decision; to lead; as, this determined him to
go immediately.

8. (Logic)

Defn: To define or limit by adding a differentia.

9. (Physical Sciences)

Defn: To ascertain the presence, quantity, or amount of; as, to
determine the parallax; to determine the salt in sea water.

DETERMINE
De*ter"mine, v. i.

1. To come to an end; to end; to terminate. [Obs.]
He who has vented a pernicious doctrine or published an ill book must
know that his life determine not together. South.
Estates may determine on future contingencies. Blackstone.

2. To come to a decision; to decide; to resolve; -- often with on.
"Determine on some course." Shak.
He shall pay as the judges determine. Ex. xxi. 22.

DETERMINED
De*ter"mined, a.

Defn: Decided; resolute. "Adetermined foe."" Sparks.

DETERMINEDLY
De*ter"min*ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a determined manner; with determination.

DETERMINER
De*ter"min*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, determines or decides.

DETERMINISM
De*ter"min*ism, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: The doctrine that the will is not free, but is inevitably and
invincibly determined by motives.
Its superior suitability to produce courage, as contrasted with
scientific physical determinism, is obvious. F. P. Cobbe.

DETERMINIST
De*ter"min*ist, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: One who believes in determinism. Also adj.; as, determinist
theories.

DETERRATION
De`ter*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. de + terra earth: cf. F. déterrer to
unearth.]

Defn: The uncovering of anything buried or covered with earth; a
taking out of the earth or ground. Woodward.

DETERRENCE
De*ter"rence, n.

Defn: That which deters; a deterrent; a hindrance. [R.]

DETERRENT
De*ter"rent, a. Etym: [L. deterrens, p. pr. of deterrere. See Deter.]

Defn: Serving to deter. "The deterrent principle." E. Davis.

DETERRENT
De*ter"rent, n.

Defn: That which deters or prevents.

DETERSION
De*ter"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. détersion. See Deterge.]

Defn: The act of deterging or cleansing, as a sore.

DETERSIVE
De*ter"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. détersif.]

Defn: Cleansing; detergent.
 -- n.

Defn: A cleansing agent; a detergent.

DETERSIVELY
De*ter"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a way to cleanse.

DETERSIVENESS
De*ter"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of cleansing.

DETEST
De*test", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detested; p. pr. & vb. n. Detesting.]
Etym: [L. detestare, detestatum, and detestari, to curse while
calling a deity to witness, to execrate, detest; de + testari to be a
witness, testify, testis a witness: cf. F. détester. See Testify.]

1. To witness against; to denounce; to condemn. [Obs.]
The heresy of Nestorius . . . was detested in the Eastern churches.
Fuller.
God hath detested them with his own mouth. Bale.

2. To hate intensely; to abhor; to abominate; to loathe; as, we
detest what is contemptible or evil.
Who dares think one thing, and another tell, My heart detests him as
the gates of hell. Pope.

Syn.
 -- To abhor; abominate; execrate. See Hate.

DETESTABILITY
De*test`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capacity of being odious. [R.] Carlyle.

DETESTABLE
De*test"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. detestabilis: cf. F. détestable.]

Defn: Worthy of being detested; abominable; extremely hateful; very
odious; deserving abhorrence; as, detestable vices.
Thou hast defiled my sanctuary will all thy detestable things, and
with all thine abominations. Ezek. v. 11.

Syn.
 -- Abominable; odious; execrable; abhorred.

DETESTABLENESS
De*test"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being detestable.

DETESTABLY
De*test"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a detestable manner.

DETESTATE
De*tes"tate, v. t.

Defn: To detest. [Obs.] Udall.

DETESTATION
Det`es*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. detestatio: cf. F. détestation.]

Defn: The act of detesting; extreme hatred or dislike; abhorrence;
loathing.
We are heartily agreed in our detestation of civil war. Burke.

DETESTER
De*test"er, n.

Defn: One who detes

DETHRONE
De*throne", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dethroned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dethroning.] Etym: [Pref. de- + throne: cf. F. détrôner; pref. dé-
(L. dis-) + trône throne. See Throne.]

Defn: To remove or drive from a throne; to depose; to divest of
supreme authority and dignity. "The Protector was dethroned." Hume.

DETHRONEMENT
De*throne"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. détrônement.]

Defn: Deposal from a throne; deposition from regal power.

DETHRONER
De*thron"er, n.

Defn: One who dethrones.

DETHRONIZATION
De*thron`i*za"tion, n.

Defn: Dethronement. [Obs.] Speed.

DETHRONIZE
De*thron"ize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. LL. dethronizare.]

Defn: To dethrone or unthrone. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

DETINUE
Det"i*nue, n. Etym: [OF. detinu, detenu, p. p. of detenir to detain.
See Detain.]

Defn: A person or thing detained; (Law)

Defn: a form of action for the recovery of a personal chattel
wrongfully detained. Writ of detinue (Law), one that lies against him
who wrongfully detains goods or chattels delivered to him, or in
possession, to recover the thing itself, or its value and damages,
from the detainer. It is now in a great measure superseded by other
remedies.

DETONATE
Det"o*nate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Detonated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Detonating.] Etym: [L. detonare, v. i., to thunder down; de + tonare
to thunder; akin to E. thunder. See Thunder, and cf. Detonize.]

Defn: To explode with a sudden report; as, niter detonates with
sulphur.

DETONATE
Det"o*nate, v. t.

Defn: To cause to explode; to cause to burn or inflame with a sudden
report.

DETONATING
Det"o*na`ting, a. & n.

Defn: from Detonate. Detonating gas, a mixture of two volumes of
hydrogen with one volume of oxygen, which explodes with a loud report
upon ignition.
 -- Detonating powder, any powder or solid substance, as fulminate of
mercury, which when struck, explodes with violence and a loud report.
 -- Detonating primer, a primer exploded by a fuse; -- used to
explode gun cotton in blasting operations.
 -- Detonating tube, a strong tube of glass, usually graduated,
closed at one end, and furnished with two wires passing through its
sides at opposite points, and nearly meeting, for the purpose of
exploding gaseous mixtures by an electric spark, as in gas analysis,
etc.

DETONATION
Det`o*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. détonation.]

Defn: An explosion or sudden report made by the instantaneous
decomposition or combustion of unstable substances' as, the
detonation of gun cotton.

DETONATOR
Det`o*na`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, detonates.

DETONIZATION
Det`o*ni*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of detonizing; detonation.

DETONIZE
Det"o*nize, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Detonate.] [imp. & p. p.Detonized;
p. pr. & vb. n. Detonizing.]

Defn: To explode, or cause to explode; to burn with an explosion; to
detonate.

DETORSION
De*tor"sion, n.

Defn: Same as Detortion.

DETORT
De*tort", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Detorting.]
Etym: [L. detortus, p. p. of detorquere to turn away; de + torquere
to turn about, twist: cf. F. détorquer, détordre.]

Defn: To turn form the original or plain meaning; to pervert; to
wrest. Hammond.

DETORTION
De*tor"tion, n.

Defn: The act of detorting, or the state of being detorted; a
twisting or warping.

DETOUR
De`tour", n. Etym: [F. détour, fr. détourner to turn aside; pref. dé-
(L. dis-) + tourner to turn. See Turn.]

Defn: A turning; a circuitous route; a deviation from a direct
course; as, the detours of the Mississippi.

DETRACT
De*tract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detracted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Detracting.] Etym: [L. detractus, p. p. of detrahere to detract; de +
trahere to draw: cf. F. détracter. See Trace.]

1. To take away; to withdraw.
Detract much from the view of the without. Sir H. Wotton.

2. To take credit or reputation from; to defame.
That calumnious critic . . . Detracting what laboriously we do.
Drayton.

Syn.
 -- To derogate; decry; disparage; depreciate; asperse; vilify;
defame; traduce. See Decry.

DETRACT
De*tract", v. i.

Defn: To take away a part or something, especially from one's credit;
to lessen reputation; to derogate; to defame; -- often with from.
It has been the fashion to detract both from the moral and literary
character of Cicero. V. Knox.

DETRACTER
De*tract"er, n.

Defn: One who detracts; a detractor.
Other detracters and malicious writers. Sir T. North.

DETRACTINGLY
De*tract"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a detracting manner.

DETRACTION
De*trac"tion, n. Etym: [F. détraction, L. detractio.]

1. A taking away or withdrawing. [Obs.]
The detraction of the eggs of the said wild fowl. Bacon.

2. The act of taking away from the reputation or good name of
another; a lessening or cheapening in the estimation of others; the
act of depreciating another, from envy or malice; calumny.

Syn.
 -- Depreciation; disparagement; derogation; slander; calumny;
aspersion; censure.

DETRACTIOUS
De*trac"tious, a.

Defn: Containing detraction; detractory. [R.] Johnson.

DETRACTIVE
De*tract"ive, a.

1. Tending to detractor draw. [R.]

2. Tending to lower in estimation; depreciative.

DETRACTIVENESS
De*tract"ive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being detractive.

DETRACTOR
De*tract"or, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. détracteur.]

Defn: One who detracts; a derogator; a defamer.
His detractors were noisy and scurrilous. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Slanderer; calumniator; defamer; vilifier.

DETRACTORY
De*tract"o*ry, a.

Defn: Defamatory by denial of desert; derogatory; calumnious. Sir T.
Browne.

DETRACTRESS
De*tract"ress, n.

Defn: A female detractor. Addison.

DETRAIN
De*train", v. i. & t.

Defn: To alight, or to cause to alight, from a railway train. [Eng.]
London Graphic.

DETRECT
De*trect", v. t. Etym: [L. detrectare; de + tractare, intens. of
trahere to draw.]

Defn: To refuse; to decline. [Obs.] "To detrect the battle."
Holinshed.

DETRIMENT
Det"ri*ment, n. Etym: [L. detrimentum, fr. deterere, detritum, to rub
or wear away; de + terere to rub: cf. F. détriment. See Trite.]

1. That which injures or causes damage; mischief; harm; diminution;
loss; damage; -- used very generically; as, detriments to property,
religion, morals, etc.
I can repair That detriment, if such it be. Milton.

2. A charge made to students and barristers for incidental repairs of
the rooms they occupy. [Eng.]

Syn.
 -- Injury; loss; damage; disadvantage; prejudice; hurt; mischief;
harm.

DETRIMENT
Det"ri*ment, v. t.

Defn: To do injury to; to hurt. [Archaic]
Other might be determined thereby. Fuller.

DETRIMENTAL
Det`ri*men"tal, a.

Defn: Causing detriment; injurious; hurtful.
Neither dangerous nor detrimental to the donor. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Injurious; hurtful; prejudicial; disadvantageous; mischievous;
pernicious.

DETRIMENTALNESS
Det`ri*men"tal*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being detrimental; injuriousness.

DETRITAL
De*tri"tal, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or composed of, detritus.

DETRITE
De*trite", a. Etym: [L. detritus, p. p.]

Defn: Worn out.

DETRITION
De*tri"tion, n. Etym: [LL. detritio. See Detriment.]

Defn: A wearing off or away.
Phonograms which by process long-continued detrition have reached a
step of extreme simplicity. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

DETRITUS
De*tri"tus, n. Etym: [F. détritus, fr. L. detritus, p. p. of
deterere. See Detriment.]

1. (Geol.)

Defn: A mass of substances worn off from solid bodies by attrition,
and reduced to small portions; as, diluvial detritus.

Note: For large portions, the word débris is used.

2. Hence: Any fragments separated from the body to which they
belonged; any product of disintegration.
The mass of detritus of which modern languages are composed. Farrar.

DETRUDE
De*trude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detruded; p. pr. & vb. n. Detruding.]
Etym: [L. detrudere, detrusum; de + trudere to thrust, push.]

Defn: To thrust down or out; to push down with force. Locke.

DETRUNCATE
De*trun"cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detruncated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Detruncating.] Etym: [L. detruncatus, p. p. of detruncare to cut off;
de + truncare to maim, shorten, cut off. See Truncate.]

Defn: To shorten by cutting; to cut off; to lop off.

DETRUNCATION
De`trun*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. detruncatio: cf. F. détroncation.]

Defn: The act of lopping or cutting off, as the head from the body.

DETRUSION
De*tru"sion, n. Etym: [L. detrusio. See Detrude.]

Defn: The act of thrusting or driving down or outward; outward
thrust.
 -- De*tru"sive, a.

DETTE
Dette, n.

Defn: Debt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DETTELES
Dette"les, a.

Defn: Free from debt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DETUMESCENCE
De`tu*mes"cence, n. Etym: [L. detumescere to cease swelling; de +
tumescere, tumere, to swell.]

Defn: Diminution of swelling; subsidence of anything swollen. [R.]
Cudworth.

DETUR
De"tur, n. Etym: [L. detur let it be given.]

Defn: A present of books given to a meritorious undergraduate student
as a prize. [Harvard Univ., U. S.]

DETURB
De*turb", v. t. Etym: [L. deturbare.]

Defn: To throw down. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

DETURBATE
De*tur"bate, v. t. Etym: [LL. deturbatus, p. p. of deturbare, fr. L.
deturbare to thrust down.]

Defn: To evict; to remove. [Obs.] Foxe.

DETURBATION
Det`ur*ba"tion, n.

Defn: The act of deturbating. [Obs.]

DETURN
De*turn", v. t. Etym: [Pref. de- + turn. Cf. Detour.]

Defn: To turn away. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

DETURPATE
De*tur"pate, v. t. Etym: [L. deturpare; de + turpare to make ugly,
defile, turpis ugly, foul.]

Defn: To defile; to disfigure. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

DETURPATION
Det`ur*pa"tion, n.

Defn: A making foul. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

DEUCE
Deuce, n. Etym: [F. deux two, OF. deus, fr. L. duo. See Two.]

1. (Gaming)

Defn: Two; a card or a die with two spots; as, the deuce of hearts.

2. (Tennis)

Defn: A condition of the score beginning whendeuce, which decides the
game.

DEUCE
Deuce, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. dusius, Armor, dus, teûz, phantom, specter;
Gael. taibhs, taibhse, apparition, ghost; or fr. OF. deus God, fr. L.
deus (cf. Deity.)]

Defn: The devil; a demon. [A euphemism, written also deuse.] [Low]

DEUCED
Deu"ced, a.

Defn: Devilish; excessive; extreme. [Low] -- Deu"ced*ly, adv.

DEUSE; DEUSED
Deuse, n.; Deu"sed (, a.

Defn: See Deuce, Deuced.

DEUTEROCANONICAL
Deu`ter*o*ca*non"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. canonical.]

Defn: Pertaining to a second canon, or ecclesiastical writing of
inferior authority; -- said of the Apocrypha, certain Epistles, etc.

DEUTEROGAMIST
Deu`ter*og"a*mist, n. Etym: [See Deuterogamy.]

Defn: One who marries the second time.

DEUTEROGAMY
Deu`ter*og"a*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A second marriage, after the death of the first husband of
wife; -- in distinction from bigamy, as defined in the old canon law.
See Bigamy. Goldsmith.

DEUTEROGENIC
Deu`ter*o*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: Of secondary origin; -- said of certain rocks whose material
has been derived from older rocks.

DEUTERONOMIST
Deu`ter*on"o*mist, n.

Defn: The writer of Deuteronomy.

DEUTERONOMY
Deu`ter*on"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. Deuteronomium.] (Bibl.)

Defn: The fifth book of the Pentateuch, containing the second giving
of the law by Moses.

DEUTEROPATHIA; DEUTEROPATHY
Deu`ter*o*pa*thi"a, Deu`ter*op"a*thy, n. Etym: [NL. deuteropathia,
fr. Gr. deutéropathie.] (Med.)

Defn: A sympathetic affection of any part of the body, as headache
from an overloaded stomach.

DEUTEROPATHIC
Deu`ter*o*path"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to deuteropathy; of the nature of deuteropathy.

DEUTEROSCOPY
Deu`ter*os"co*py, n. Etym: [Gr. -scopy.]

1. Second sight.
I felt by anticipation the horrors of the Highland seers, whom their
gift of deuteroscopy compels to witness things unmeet for mortal eye.
Sir W. Scott.

2. That which is seen at a second view; a meaning beyond the literal
sense; the second intention; a hidden signification. Sir T. Browne.

DEUTEROZOOID
Deu`ter*o*zo"oid, n. Etym: [Gr. zooid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the secondary, and usually sexual, zooids produced by
budding or fission from the primary zooids, in animals having
alternate generations. In the tapeworms, the joints are
deuterozooids.

DEUTHYDROGURET
Deut`hy*drog"u*ret, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Deutohydroguret.

DEUTO-; DEUT-
Deu"to- or Deut- (dut-) Etym: [Contr. from Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix which formerly properly indicated the second in a
regular series of compound in the series, and not to its composition,
but which is now generally employed in the same sense as bi- or di-,
although little used.

DEUTOHYDROGURET
Deu`to*hy*drog"u*ret, n. Etym: [Pref. deut-, deuto- + hydroguret.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A compound containing in the molecule two atoms of hydrogen
united with some other element or radical. [Obs.]

DEUTOPLASM
Deu"to*plasm, n. Etym: [Pref. deuto- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The lifeless food matter in the cytoplasm of an ovum or a cell,
as distinguished from the active or true protoplasm; yolk substance;
yolk.

DEUTOPLASTIC
Deu`to*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. deuto- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or composed of, deutoplasm.

DEUTOSULPHURET
Deu`to*sul"phu*ret, n. Etym: [Pref. deuto- + sulphuret.] (Chem.)

Defn: A disulphide. [Obs.]

DEUTOXIDE
Deu*tox"ide (; 104), n. Etym: [Pref. deut- + oxide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound containing in the molecule two atoms of oxygen
united with some other element or radical; -- usually called dioxide,
or less frequently, binoxide.

DEUTZIA
Deut"zi*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named after Jan Deutz of Holland.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs with pretty white flowers, much cultivated.

DEV; DEVA
Dev, or De"va (, n. Etym: [Skr. d. Cf. Deity.] (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: A god; a deity; a divine being; an idol; a king.

DEVANAGARI
De`va*na"ga*ri, n. Etym: [Skr. d; d god + nagara city, i. e., divine
city.]

Defn: The character in which Sanskrit is written.

DEVAPORATION
De*vap`o*ra"tion, n.

Defn: The change of vapor into water, as in the formation of rain.

DEVAST
De*vast", v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. dévaster. See Devastate.]

Defn: To devastate. [Obs.] Bolingbroke.

DEVASTATE
Dev"as*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Devastated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Devastating.] Etym: [L. devastatus, p. p. of devastare to devastate;
de + vastare to lay waste, vastus waste. See Vast.]

Defn: To lay waste; to ravage; to desolate.
Whole countries . . . were devastated. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- To waste; ravage; desolate; destroy; demolish; plunder; pillage.

DEVASTATION
Dev`as*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dévastation.]

1. The act of devastating, or the state of being devastated; a laying
waste.
Even now the devastation is begun, And half the business of
destruction done. Goldsmith.

2. (Law)

Defn: Waste of the goods of the deceased by an executor or
administrator. Blackstone.

Syn.
 -- Desolation; ravage; waste; havoc; destruction; ruin; overthrow.

DEVASTATOR
Dev"as*ta`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who, or that which, devastates. Emerson.

DEVASTAVIT
Dev`as*ta"vit, n. Etym: [L., he has wasted.] (Law)

Defn: Waste or misapplication of the assets of a deceased person by
an executor or an administrator. Bouvier.

DEVATA
De"va*ta, n. Etym: [Hind., fr. Skr. d god.] (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: A deity; a divine being; a good spirit; an idol. [Written also
dewata.]

DEVE
Deve, a. Etym: [See Deaf.]

Defn: Deaf. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DEVELIN
Dev"el*in, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European swift. [Prov. Eng.]

DEVELOP
De*vel"op, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Developed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Developing.] Etym: [F. déveloper; dé- (L. dis-) + OF. voluper,
voleper, to envelop, perh. from L. volup agreeably, delightfully, and
hence orig., to make agreeable or comfortable by enveloping, to keep
snug (cf. Voluptuous); or. perh. fr. a derivative of volvere,
volutum, to roll (cf. Devolve). Cf. Envelop.] [Written also
develope.]

1. To free from that which infolds or envelops; to unfold; to lay
open by degrees or in detail; to make visible or known; to disclose;
to produce or give forth; as, to develop theories; a motor that
develops 100 horse power.
These serve to develop its tenets. Milner.
The 20th was spent in strengthening our position and developing the
line of the enemy. The Century.

2. To unfold gradually, as a flower from a bud; hence, to bring
through a succession of states or stages, each of which is
preparatory to the next; to form or expand by a process of growth; to
cause to change gradually from an embryo, or a lower state, to a
higher state or form of being; as, sunshine and rain develop the bud
into a flower; to develop the mind.
The sound developed itself into a real compound. J. Peile.
All insects . . . acquire the jointed legs before the wings are fully
developed. Owen.

3. To advance; to further; to prefect; to make to increase; to
promote the growth of.
We must develop our own resources to the utmost. Jowett (Thucyd).

4. (Math.)

Defn: To change the form of, as of an algebraic expression, by
executing certain indicated operations without changing the value.

5. (Photog.)

Defn: To cause to become visible, as an invisible or latent image
upon plate, by submitting it to chemical agents; to bring to view. To
develop a curved surface on a place (Geom.), to produce on the plane
an equivalent surface, as if by rolling the curved surface so that
all parts shall successively touch the plane.

Syn.
 -- To uncover; unfold; evolve; promote; project; lay open; disclose;
exhibit; unravel; disentangle.

DEVELOP
De*vel"op, v. i.

1. To go through a process of natural evolution or growth, by
successive changes from a less perfect to a more perfect or more
highly organized state; to advance from a simpler form of existence
to one more complex either in structure or function; as, a blossom
develops from a bud; the seed develops into a plant; the embryo
develops into a well-formed animal; the mind develops year by year.
Nor poets enough to understand That life develops from within. Mrs.
Browning.

2. To become apparent gradually; as, a picture on sensitive paper
develops on the application of heat; the plans of the conspirators
develop.

DEVELOPABLE
De*vel"op*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being developed. J. Peile. Developable surface
(Math.), a surface described by a moving right line, and such that
consecutive positions of the generator intersect each other. Hence,
the surface can be developed into a plane.

DEVELOPER
De*vel"op*er, n.

1. One who, or that which, develops.

2. (Photog.)

Defn: A reagent by the action of which the latent image upon a
photographic plate, after exposure in the camera, or otherwise, is
developed and visible.

DEVELOPMENT
De*vel"op*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. développement.] [Written also
developement.]

1. The act of developing or disclosing that which is unknown; a
gradual unfolding process by which anything is developed, as a plan
or method, or an image upon a photographic plate; gradual advancement
or growth through a series of progressive changes; also, the result
of developing, or a developed state.
A new development of imagination, taste, and poetry. Channing.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The series of changes which animal and vegetable organisms
undergo in their passage from the embryonic state to maturity, from a
lower to a higher state of organization.

3. (Math.)
(a) The act or process of changing or expanding an expression into
another of equivalent value or meaning.
(b) The equivalent expression into which another has been developed.

4. (mus.)

Defn: The elaboration of a theme or subject; the unfolding of a
musical idea; the evolution of a whole piece or movement from a
leading theme or motive. Development theory (Biol.), the doctrine
that animals and plants possess the power of passing by slow and
successive stages from a lower to a higher state of organization, and
that all the higher forms of life now in existence were thus
developed by uniform laws from lower forms, and are not the result of
special creative acts. See the Note under Darwinian.

Syn.
 -- Unfolding; disclosure; unraveling; evolution; elaboration;
growth.

DEVELOPMENTAL
De*vel`op*men"tal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the process of
development; as, the developmental power of a germ. Carpenter.

DEVENUSTATE
Dev`e*nus"tate, v. t. Etym: [L. devenustatus, p. p. of devenustare to
disfigure; de + venustus lovely, graceful.]

Defn: To deprive of beauty or grace. [Obs.]

DEVERGENCE; DEVERGENCY
De*ver"gence, De*ver"gen*cy, n.

Defn: See Divergence. [Obs.]

DEVEST
De*vest", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Devested; p. pr. & vb. n. Devesting.]
Etym: [L. devestire to undress; de + vestire to dress: cf. OF.
devestir, F. dévêtir. Cf. Divest.]

1. To divest; to undress. Shak.

2. To take away, as an authority, title, etc., to deprive; to
alienate, as an estate.

Note: This word is now generally written divest, except in the legal
sense.

DEVEST
De*vest", v. i. (Law)

Defn: To be taken away, lost, or alienated, as a title or an estate.

DEVEX
De*vex", a. Etym: [L. devexus, from devehere to carry down.]

Defn: Bending down; sloping. [Obs.]

DEVEX
De*vex", n.

Defn: Devexity. [Obs.] May (Lucan).

DEVEXITY
De*vex"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. devexitas, fr. devexus. See Devex, a.]

Defn: A bending downward; a sloping; incurvation downward; declivity.
[R.] Davies (Wit's Pilgr.)

DEVI
De"vi, n.

Defn: ; fem. of Deva. A goddess.

DEVIANT
De"vi*ant, a.

Defn: Deviating. [Obs.]

DEVIATE
De"vi*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Deviated; p. pr. & vb. n. Deviating.]
Etym: [L. deviare to deviate; de + viare to go, travel, via way. See
Viaduct.]

Defn: To go out of the way; to turn aside from a course or a method;
to stray or go astray; to err; to digress; to diverge; to vary.
Thus Pegasus, a nearer way to take, May boldly deviate from the
common track. Pope.

Syn.
 -- To swerve; stray; wander; digress; depart; deflect; err.

DEVIATE
De"vi*ate, v. t.

Defn: To cause to deviate. [R.]
To deviate a needle. J. D. Forbes.

DEVIATION
De`vi*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. deviatio: cf. F. déviation.]

1. The act of deviating; a wandering from the way; variation from the
common way, from an established rule, etc.; departure, as from the
right course or the path of duty.

2. The state or result of having deviated; a transgression; an act of
sin; an error; an offense.

2. (Com.)

Defn: The voluntary and unnecessary departure of a ship from, or
delay in, the regular and usual course of the specific voyage
insured, thus releasing the underwriters from their responsibility.
Deviation of a falling body (Physics), that deviation from a strictly
vertical line of descent which occurs in a body falling freely, in
consequence of the rotation of the earth.
 -- Deviation of the compass, the angle which the needle of a ship's
compass makes with the magnetic meridian by reason of the magnetism
of the iron parts of the ship.
 -- Deviation of the line of the vertical, the difference between the
actual direction of a plumb line and the direction it would have if
the earth were a perfect ellipsoid and homogeneous, -- caused by the
attraction of a mountain, or irregularities in the earth's density.

DEVIATOR
De"vi*a`tor, n. Etym: [L., a forsaker.]

Defn: One who, or that which, deviates.

DEVIATORY
De"vi*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to deviate; devious; as, deviatory motion. [R.] Tully.

DEVICE
De*vice", n. Etym: [OE. devis, devise, will, intention, opinion,
invention, fr. F. devis architect's plan and estimates (in OF.,
division, plan, wish), devise device (in sense 3), in OF. also,
division, wish, last will, fr. deviser. See Devise, v. t., and cf.
Devise, n.]

1. That which is devised, or formed by design; a contrivance; an
invention; a project; a scheme; often, a scheme to deceive; a
stratagem; an artifice.
His device in against Babylon, to destroy it. Jer. li. 11.
Their recent device of demanding benevolences. Hallam.
He disappointeth the devices of the crafty. Job v. 12.

2. Power of devising; invention; contrivance.
I must have instruments of my own device. Landor.

3.
(a) An emblematic design, generally consisting of one or more figures
with a motto, used apart from heraldic bearings to denote the
historical situation, the ambition, or the desire of the person
adopting it. See Cognizance.
(b) Improperly, an heraldic bearing.
Knights-errant used to distinguish themselves by devices on their
shields. Addison.
A banner with this strange device -Excelsior. Longfellow.

4. Anything fancifully conceived. Shak.

5. A spectacle or show. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

6. Opinion; decision. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Syn.
 -- Contrivance; invention; design; scheme; project; stratagem;
shift.
 -- Device, Contrivance. Device implies more of inventive power, and
contrivance more of skill and dexterity in execution. A device
usually has reference to something worked out for exhibition or show;
a contrivance usually respects the arrangement or disposition of
things with reference to securing some end. Devices were worn by
knights-errant on their shields; contrivances are generally used to
promote the practical convenience of life. The word device is often
used in a bad sense; as, a crafty device; contrivance is almost
always used in a good sense; as, a useful contrivance.

DEVICEFUL
De*vice"ful, a.

Defn: Full of devices; inventive. [R.]
A carpet, rich, and of deviceful thread. Chapman.

DEVICEFULLY
De*vice"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In a deviceful manner. [R.]

DEVIL
Dev"il, n. Etym: [AS. deófol, deóful; akin to G. , Goth. diabaúlus;
all fr. L. diabolus the devil, Gr. gal to fall. Cf. Diabolic.]

1. The Evil One; Satan, represented as the tempter and spiritual of
mankind.
[Jesus] being forty days tempted of the devil. Luke iv. 2.
That old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the
whole world. Rev. xii. 9.

2. An evil spirit; a demon.
A dumb man possessed with a devil. Matt. ix. 32.

3. A very wicked person; hence, any great evil. "That devil
Glendower." "The devil drunkenness." Shak.
Have not I chosen you twelve, and one of you is a devil John vi. 70.

4. An expletive of surprise, vexation, or emphasis, or, ironically,
of negation. [Low]
The devil a puritan that he is, . . . but a timepleaser. Shak.
The things, we know, are neither rich nor rare, But wonder how the
devil they got there. Pope.

5. (Cookery)

Defn: A dish, as a bone with the meat, broiled and excessively
peppered; a grill with Cayenne pepper.
Men and women busy in baking, broiling, roasting oysters, and
preparing devils on the gridiron. Sir W. Scott.

6. (Manuf.)

Defn: A machine for tearing or cutting rags, cotton, etc. Blue
devils. See under Blue.
 -- Cartesian devil. See under Cartesian.
 -- Devil bird (Zoöl.), one of two or more South African drongo
shrikes (Edolius retifer, and E. remifer), believed by the natives to
be connected with sorcery.
 -- Devil may care, reckless, defiant of authority; -- used
adjectively. Longfellow.
 -- Devil's apron (Bot.), the large kelp (Laminaria saccharina, and
L. longicruris) of the Atlantic ocean, having a blackish, leathery
expansion, shaped somewhat like an apron.
 -- Devil's coachhorse. (Zoöl.) (a) The black rove beetle (Ocypus
olens). [Eng.] (b) A large, predacious, hemipterous insect (Prionotus
cristatus); the wheel bug. [U.S.] -- Devil's darning-needle. (Zoöl.)
See under Darn, v. t.
 -- Devil's fingers, Devil's hand (Zoöl.), the common British
starfish (Asterias rubens); -- also applied to a sponge with stout
branches. [Prov. Eng., Irish & Scot.] -- Devil's riding-horse
(Zoöl.), the American mantis (Mantis Carolina).
 -- The Devil's tattoo, a drumming with the fingers or feet. "Jack
played the Devil's tattoo on the door with his boot heels." F.
Hardman (Blackw. Mag.).
 -- Devil worship, worship of the power of evil; -- still practiced
by barbarians who believe that the good and evil forces of nature are
of equal power.
 -- Printer's devil, the youngest apprentice in a printing office,
who runs on errands, does dirty work (as washing the ink rollers and
sweeping), etc. "Without fearing the printer's devil or the sheriff's
officer." Macaulay.
 -- Tasmanian devil (Zoöl.), a very savage carnivorous marsupial of
Tasmania (Dasyurus, or Diabolus, ursinus).
 -- To play devil with, to molest extremely; to ruin. [Low]

DEVIL
Dev"il, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deviled or Devilled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Deviling or Devilling.]

1. To make like a devil; to invest with the character of a devil.

2. To grill with Cayenne pepper; to season highly in cooking, as with
pepper.
A deviled leg of turkey. W. Irving.
deviled egg a hard-boiled egg, sliced into halves and with the yolk
removed and replaced with a paste, usually made from the yolk and
mayonnaise, seasoned with salt and/or spices such as paprika.

DEVIL-DIVER; DEVIL BIRD
Dev"il-div`er, Dev"il bird` (, n.. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small water bird. See Dabchick.

DEVILESS
Dev"il*ess, n.

Defn: A she-devil. [R.] Sterne.

DEVILET
Dev"il*et, n.

Defn: A little devil. [R.] Barham.

DEVILFISH
Dev"il*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A huge ray (Manta birostris or Cephaloptera vampyrus) of the Gulf
of Mexico and Southern Atlantic coasts. Several other related species
take the same name. See Cephaloptera.
(b) A large cephalopod, especially the very large species of Octopus
and Architeuthis. See Octopus.
(c) The gray whale of the Pacific coast. See Gray whale.
(d) The goosefish or angler (Lophius), and other allied fishes. See
Angler.

DEVILING
Dev"il*ing, n.

Defn: A young devil. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

DEVILISH
Dev"il*ish, a.

1. Resembling, characteristic of, or pertaining to, the devil;
diabolical; wicked in the extreme. "Devilish wickedness." Sir P.
Sidney.
This wisdom descendeth not from above, but is earthly, sensual,
devilish. James iii. 15.

2. Extreme; excessive. [Colloq.] Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Diabolical; infernal; hellish; satanic; wicked; malicious;
detestable; destructive.
 -- Dev"il*ish*ly, adv.
 -- Dev"il*ish*ness, n.

DEVILISM
Dev"il*ism, n.

Defn: The state of the devil or of devils; doctrine of the devil or
of devils. Bp. Hall.

DEVILIZE
Dev"il*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make a devil of. [R.]
He that should deify a saint, should wrong him as much as he that
should devilize him. Bp. Hall.

DEVILKIN
Dev"il*kin, n.

Defn: A little devil; a devilet.

DEVILMENT
Dev"il*ment, n.

Defn: Deviltry. Bp. Warburton.

DEVILRY
Dev"il*ry, n.; pl. Devilries (.

1. Conduct suitable to the devil; extreme wickedness; deviltry.
Stark lies and devilry. Sir T. More.

2. The whole body of evil spirits. Tylor.

DEVIL'S DARNING-NEEDLE
Dev"il's darn"ing-nee`dle. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dragon fly. See Darning needle, under Darn, v. t.

DEVILSHIP
Dev"il*ship, n.

Defn: The character or person of a devil or the devil. Cowley.

DEVILTRY
Dev"il*try, n.; pl. Deviltries (.

Defn: Diabolical conduct; malignant mischief; devilry. C. Reade.

DEVILWOOD
Dev"il*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of tree (Osmanthus Americanus), allied to the European
olive.

DEVIOUS
De"vi*ous, a. Etym: [L. devius; de + via way. See Viaduct.]

1. Out of a straight line; winding; varying from directness; as, a
devious path or way.

2. Going out of the right or common course; going astray; erring;
wandering; as, a devious step.

Syn.
 -- Wandering; roving; rambling; vagrant.
 -- De"vi*ous*ly, adv.
 -- De"vi*ous*ness, n.

DEVIRGINATE
De*vir"gin*ate, a. Etym: [L. devirginatus, p. p. of devirginare.]

Defn: Deprived of virginity. [R.]

DEVIRGINATE
De*vir"gin*ate, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of virginity; to deflour. [R.] Sandys.

DEVIRGINATION
De*vir`gi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. devirginatio.]

Defn: A deflouring. [R.] Feltham.

DEVISABLE
De*vis"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Devise.]

1. Capable of being devised, invented, or contrived.

2. Capable of being bequeathed, or given by will.

DEVISAL
De*vis"al, n.

Defn: A devising. Whitney.

DEVISE
De*vise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Devised; p. pr. & vb. n. Devising.]
Etym: [OF. deviser to distribute, regulate, direct, relate, F., to
chat, fr. L. divisus divided, distributed, p. p. of dividere. See
Divide, and cf. Device.]

1. To form in the mind by new combinations of ideas, new applications
of principles, or new arrangement of parts; to formulate by thought;
to contrive; to excogitate; to invent; to plan; to scheme; as, to
devise an engine, a new mode of writing, a plan of defense, or an
argument.
To devise curious works. Ex. CCTV. 32.
Devising schemes to realize his ambitious views. Bancroft.

2. To plan or scheme for; to purpose to obtain.
For wisdom is most riches; fools therefore They are which fortunes do
by vows devise. Spenser.

3. To say; to relate; to describe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. To imagine; to guess. [Obs.] Spenser.

5. (Law)

Defn: To give by will; -- used of real estate; formerly, also, of
chattels.

Syn.
 -- To bequeath; invent; discover; contrive; excogitate; imagine;
plan; scheme. See Bequeath.

DEVISE
De*vise", v. i.

Defn: To form a scheme; to lay a plan; to contrive; to consider.
I thought, devised, and Pallas heard my prayer. Pope.

Note: Devise was formerly followed by of; as, let us devise of ease.
Spenser.

DEVISE
De*vise", n. Etym: [OF. devise division, deliberation, wish, will,
testament. See Device.]

1. The act of giving or disposing of real estate by will; --
sometimes improperly applied to a bequest of personal estate.

2. A will or testament, conveying real estate; the clause of a will
making a gift of real property.
Fines upon devises were still exacted. Bancroft.

3. Property devised, or given by will.

DEVISE
De*vise", n.

Defn: Device. See Device. [Obs.]

DEVISEE
Dev`i*see", n. (Law)

Defn: One to whom a devise is made, or real estate given by will.

DEVISER
De*vis"er, n.

Defn: One who devises.

DEVISOR
De*vis"or, n. (Law)

Defn: One who devises, or gives real estate by will; a testator; --
correlative to devisee.

DEVITABLE
Dev"i*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. devitare to avoid; de + vitare to shun,
avoid.]

Defn: Avoidable. [Obs.]

DEVITALIZE
De*vi"tal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of life or vitality.
 -- De*vi`tal*i*za"tion, n.

DEVITATION
Dev`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. devitatio.]

Defn: An avoiding or escaping; also, a warning. [Obs.] Bailey.

DEVITRIFICATION
De*vit`ri*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of devitrifying, or the state of being
devitrified. Specifically, the conversion of molten glassy matter
into a stony mass by slow cooling, the result being the formation of
crystallites, microbites, etc., in the glassy base, which are then
called devitrification products.

DEVITRIFY
De*vit"ri*fy, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of glasslike character; to take away vitreous luster
and transparency from.

DEVOCALIZE
De*vo"cal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make toneless; to deprive of vowel quality.
 -- De*vo`cal*i*za"tion, n.
If we take a high vowel, such as (i) [= nearly i of bit], and
devocalize it, we obtain a hiss which is quite distinct enough to
stand for a weak (jh). H. Sweet.

DEVOCATION
Dev`o*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. devocare to call off or away; de + vocare
to call.]

Defn: A calling off or away. [R.] Hallywell.

DEVOID
De*void", v. t. Etym: [OE. devoiden to leave, OF. desvuidier,
desvoidier, to empty out. See Void.]

Defn: To empty out; to remove.

DEVOID
De*void", a. Etym: [See Devoid, v. t.]

1. Void; empty; vacant. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Destitute; not in possession; -- with of; as, devoid of sense;
devoid of pity or of pride.

DEVOIR
De*voir", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. debere to owe. See Due.]

Defn: Duty; service owed; hence, due act of civility or respect; --
now usually in the plural; as, they paid their devoirs to the ladies.
"Do now your devoid, young knights!" Chaucer.

DEVOLUTE
Dev"o*lute, v. t. Etym: [L. devolutus, p. p. of devolvere. See
Devolve.]

Defn: To devolve. [Obs.] Foxe.

DEVOLUTION
Dev`o*lu"tion, n. Etym: [LL. devolutio: cf. F. dévolution.]

1. The act of rolling down. [R.]
The devolution of earth down upon the valleys. Woodward.

2. Transference from one person to another; a passing or devolving
upon a successor.
The devolution of the crown through a . . . channel known and
conformable to old constitutional requisitions. De Quincey.

DEVOLVE
De*volve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Devolved; p. pr. & vb. n. Devolving.]
Etym: [L. devolvere, devolutum, to roll down; de + volvere to roll
down; de + volvere to roll. See Voluble.]

1. To roll onward or downward; to pass on.
Every headlong stream Devolves its winding waters to the main.
Akenside.
Devolved his rounded periods. Tennyson.

2. To transfer from one person to another; to deliver over; to hand
down; -- generally with upon, sometimes with to or into.
They devolved a considerable share of their power upon their
favorite. Burke.
They devolved their whole authority into the hands of the council of
sixty. Addison.

DEVOLVE
De*volve", v. i.

Defn: To pass by transmission or succession; to be handed over or
down; -- generally with on or upon, sometimes with to or into; as,
after the general fell, the command devolved upon (or on) the next
officer in rank.
His estate . . . devolved to Lord Somerville. Johnson.

DEVOLVEMENT
De*volve"ment, n.

Defn: The act or process of devolving;; devolution.

DEVON
De"von, n.

Defn: One of a breed of hardy cattle originating in the country of
Devon, England. Those of pure blood have a deep red color. The small,
longhorned variety, called North Devons, is distinguished by the
superiority of its working oxen.

DEVONIAN
De*vo"ni*an, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Devon or Devonshire in England; as, the
Devonian rocks, period, or system. Devonian age (Geol.), the age next
older than the Carboniferous and later than the Silurian; -- called
also the Age of fishes. The various strata of this age compose the
Devonian formation or system, and include the old red sandstone of
Great Britain. They contain, besides plants and numerous
invertebrates, the bony portions of many large and remarkable fishes
of extinct groups. See the Diagram under Geology.

DEVONIAN
De*vo"ni*an, n.

Defn: The Devonian age or formation.

DEVORATION
Dev`o*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. devoratio. See Devour.]

Defn: The act of devouring. [Obs.] Holinshed.

DEVOTARY
De*vo"ta*ry, n. Etym: [See Devote, Votary.]

Defn: A votary. [Obs.] J. Gregory.

DEVOTE
De*vote", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Devoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Devoting.]
Etym: [L. devotus, p. p. of devovere; de + vovere to vow. See Vow,
and cf. Devout, Devow.]

1. To appropriate by vow; to set apart or dedicate by a solemn act;
to consecrate; also, to consign over; to doom; to evil; to devote one
to destruction; the city was devoted to the flames.
No devoted thing that a man shall devote unto the Lord . . . shall be
sold or redeemed. Lev. xxvii. 28.

2. To execrate; to curse. [Obs.]

3. To give up wholly; to addict; to direct the attention of wholly or
compound; to attach; -- often with a reflexive pronoun; as, to devote
one's self to science, to one's friends, to piety, etc.

Thy servant who is devoted to thy fear. Ps. cxix. 38.
They devoted themselves unto all wickedness. Grew.
A leafless and simple branch . . . devoted to the purpose of
climbing. Gray.

Syn.
 -- To addict; apply; dedicate; consecrate; resign; destine; doom;
consign. See Addict.

DEVOTE
De*vote", a. Etym: [L. devotus, p. p.]

Defn: Devoted; addicted; devout. [Obs.] Milton.

DEVOTE
De*vote", n.

Defn: A devotee. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys.

DEVOTED
De*vot"ed, a.

Defn: Consecrated to a purpose; strongly attached; zealous; devout;
as, a devoted admirer.
 -- De*vot"ed*ly, adv.
 -- De*vot"ed*ness, n.

DEVOTEE
Dev`o*tee", n.

Defn: One who is wholly devoted; esp., one given wholly to religion;
one who is superstitiously given to religious duties and ceremonies;
a bigot.
While Father Le Blanc was very devout he was not a devotee. A. S.
Hardy.

DEVOTEMENT
De*vote"ment, n.

Defn: The state of being devoted, or set apart by a vow. [R.] Bp.
Hurd.

DEVOTER
De*vot"er, n.

Defn: One who devotes; a worshiper.

DEVOTION
De*vo"tion, n. Etym: [F. dévotion, L. devotio.]

1. The act of devoting; consecration.

2. The state of being devoted; addiction; eager inclination; strong
attachment love or affection; zeal; especially, feelings toward God
appropriately expressed by acts of worship; devoutness.
Genius animated by a fervent spirit of devotion. Macaulay.

3. Act of devotedness or devoutness; manifestation of strong
attachment; act of worship; prayer. "The love of public devotion."
Hooker.

4. Disposal; power of disposal. [Obs.]
They are entirely at our devotion, and may be turned backward and
forward, as we please. Godwin.

5. A thing consecrated; an object of devotion. [R.]
Churches and altars, priests and all devotions, Tumbled together into
rude chaos. Beau. & Fl.
Days of devotion. See under Day.

Syn.
 -- Consecration; devoutness; religiousness; piety; attachment;
devotedness; ardor; earnestness.

DEVOTIONAL
De*vo"tion*al, a. Etym: [L. devotionalis.]

Defn: Pertaining to, suited to, or used in, devotion; as, a
devotional posture; devotional exercises; a devotional frame of mind.

DEVOTIONALIST; DEVOTIONIST
De*vo"tion*al*ist, De*vo"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One given to devotion, esp. to excessive formal devotion.

DEVOTIONALITY
De*vo`tion*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The practice of a devotionalist. A. H. Clough.

DEVOTIONALLY
De*vo"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a devotional manner; toward devotion.

DEVOTO
De*vo"to, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A devotee. Dr. J. Scott.

DEVOTOR
De*vo"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A worshiper; one given to devotion. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

DEVOUR
De*vour", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Devoured; p. pr. & vb. n. Devouring.]
Etym: [F. dévorer, fr. L. devorare; de + vorare to eat greedily,
swallow up. See Voracious.]

1. To eat up with greediness; to consume ravenously; to feast upon
like a wild beast or a glutton; to prey upon.
Some evil beast hath devoured him. Gen. xxxvii. 20.

2. To seize upon and destroy or appropriate greedily, selfishly, or
wantonly; to consume; to swallow up; to use up; to waste; to
annihilate.
Famine and pestilence shall devour him. Ezek. vii. 15.
I waste my life and do my days devour. Spenser.

3. To enjoy with avidity; to appropriate or take in eagerly by the
senses.
Longing they look, and gaping at the sight, Devour her o'er with vast
delight. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To consume; waste; destroy; annihilate.

DEVOURABLE
De*vour"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be devoured.

DEVOURER
De*vour"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, devours.

DEVOURINGLY
De*vour"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a devouring manner.

DEVOUT
De*vout", a. Etym: [OE. devot, devout, F. dévot, from L. devotus
devoted, p. p. of devovere. See Devote, v. t.]

1. Devoted to religion or to religious feelings and duties; absorbed
in religious exercises; given to devotion; pious; reverent;
religious.
A devout man, and one that feared God. Acts x. 2.
We must be constant and devout in the worship of God. Rogers.

2. Expressing devotion or piety; as, eyes devout; sighs devout; a
devout posture. Milton.

3. Warmly devoted; hearty; sincere; earnest; as, devout wishes for
one's welfare. The devout, devoutly religious persons, those who are
sincerely pious.

Syn.
 -- Holy; pure; religious; prayerful; pious; earnest; reverent;
solemn; sincere.

DEVOUT
De*vout", n.

1. A devotee. [Obs.] Sheldon.

2. A devotional composition, or part of a composition; devotion.
[Obs.] Milton.

DEVOUTFUL
De*vout"ful, a.

1. Full of devotion. [R.]

2. Sacred. [R.]
To take her from austerer check of parents, To make her his by most
devoutful rights. Marston.

DEVOUTLESS
De*vout"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of devotion.
 -- De*vout"less*ly, adv.
 -- De*vout"less*ness, n.

DEVOUTLY
De*vout"ly, adv.

1. In a devout and reverent manner; with devout emotions; piously.
Cast her fair eyes to heaven and prayed devoutly. Shak.

2. Sincerely; solemnly; earnestly.
'T is a consummation Devoutly to be wished. Shak.

DEVOUTNESS
De*vout"ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being devout.

DEVOVE
De*vove", v. t. Etym: [See Devote, v. t.]

Defn: To devote. [Obs.] Cowley.

DEVOW
De*vow", v. t. Etym: [F. dévouer, L. devovere. See Devote, v. t.]

1. To give up; to devote. [Obs.]

2. Etym: [Cf. OF. desvoer. Cf. Disavow.]

Defn: To disavow; to disclaim. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

DEVULGARIZE
De*vul"gar*ize, v. t.

Defn: To free from what is vulgar, common, or narrow.
Shakespeare and Plutarch's "Lives" are very devulgarizing books. E.
A. Abbott.

DEW
Dew, n. Etym: [AS. deáw; akin to D. dauw, G. thau, tau, Icel. dögg,
Sw. dagg, Dan. dug; cf. Skr. dhav, dhav, to flow. Dag dew.]

1. Moisture from the atmosphere condensed by cool bodies upon their
surfaces, particularly at night.
Her tears fell with the dews at even. Tennyson.

2. Figuratively, anything which falls lightly and in a refreshing
manner. "The golden dew of sleep." Shak.

3. An emblem of morning, or fresh vigor. "The dew of his youth."
Longfellow.

Note: Dew is used in combination; as, dew-bespangled, dew-drenched,
dewdrop, etc.

DEW
Dew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dewed; p. pr. & vb. n. Dewing.]

Defn: To wet with dew or as with dew; to bedew; to moisten; as with
dew.
The grasses grew A little ranker since they dewed them so. A. B.
Saxton.

DEW
Dew, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Due, or Duty. [Obs.] Spenser.

DEWAR VESSEL
Dew"ar ves`sel (du"er). [After Sir James Dewar, British physicist.]

Defn: A double-walled glass vessel for holding liquid air, etc.,
having the space between the walls exhausted so as to prevent
conduction of heat, and sometimes having the glass silvered to
prevent absorption of radiant heat; -- called also, according to the
particular shape, Dewar bulb, Dewar tube, etc.

DEWBERRY
Dew"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)
(a) The fruit of certain species of bramble (Rubus); in England, the
fruit of R. cæsius, which has a glaucous bloom; in America, that of
R. canadensis and R. hispidus, species of low blackberries.
(b) The plant which bears the fruit.
Feed him with apricots and dewberries. Shak.

DEWCLAW
Dew"claw`, n.

Defn: In any animal, esp. of the Herbivora, a rudimentary claw or
small hoof not reaching the ground.
Some cut off the dewclaws [of greyhounds]. J. H. Walsh.

DEWDROP
Dew"drop`, n.

Defn: A drop of dew. Shak.

DEWFALL
Dew"fall`, n.

Defn: The falling of dew; the time when dew begins to fall.

DEWINESS
Dew"i*ness, n.

Defn: State of being dewy.

DEWLAP
Dew"lap`, n. Etym: [Dew + lap to lick.]

1. The pendulous skin under the neck of an ox, which laps or licks
the dew in grazing.

2. The flesh upon the human throat, especially when with age.
[Burlesque]
On her withered dewlap pour the ale. Shak.

DEWLAPPED
Dew"lapped`, a.

Defn: Furnished with a dewlap.

DEWLESS
Dew"less, a.

Defn: Having no dew. Tennyson.

DEW-POINT
Dew"-point`, n. (Meteor.)

Defn: The temperature at which dew begins to form. It varies with the
humidity and temperature of the atmosphere.

DEWRET
Dew"ret`, v. t. Etym: [Dew + ret, v. t.]

Defn: To ret or rot by the process called dewretting.

DEWRETTING
Dew"ret`ting, n.

Defn: Dewrotting; the process of decomposing the gummy matter of flax
and hemp and setting the fibrous part, by exposure on a sward to dew,
rain, and sunshine.

DEWROT
Dew"rot`, v. t.

Defn: To rot, as flax or hemp, by exposure to rain, dew, and sun. See
Dewretting.

DEWWORM
Dew"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Earthworm.

DEWY
Dew"y, a.

1. Pertaining to dew; resembling, consisting of, or moist with, dew.
A dewy mist Went and watered all the ground. Milton.
When dewy eve her curtain draws. Keble.

2. Falling gently and beneficently, like the dew.
Dewy sleep ambrosial. Cowper.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling a dew-covered surface; appearing as if covered with
dew.

DEXTER
Dex"ter, a. Etym: [L.,; akin to Gr. dakshi (cf. daksh to be strong,
suit); Goth. taihswa, OHG. zeso. Cf. Dexterous.]

1. Pertaining to, or situated on, the right hand; right, as opposed
to sinister, or left.
On sounding wings a dexter eagle flew. Pope.

2. (Her.)

Defn: On the right-hand side of a shield, i. e., towards the right
hand of its wearer. To a spectator in front, as in a pictorial
representation, this would be the left side. Dexter chief, or Dexter
point (Her.), a point in the dexter upper corner of the shield, being
in the dexter extremity of the chief, as A in the cut.
 -- Dexter base, a point in the dexter lower part or base of the
shield, as B in the cut.

DEXTERICAL
Dex*ter"i*cal, a.

Defn: Dexterous. [Obs.]

DEXTERITY
Dex*ter"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. dexteritas, fr. dexter: cf. F. dextérité.
See Dexter.]

1. Right-handedness.

2. Readiness and grace in physical activity; skill and ease in using
the hands; expertness in manual acts; as, dexterity with the chisel.
In youth quick bearing and dexterity. Shak.

3. Readiness in the use or control of the mental powers; quickness
and skill in managing any complicated or difficult affair;
adroitness.
His wisdom . . . was turned . . . into a dexterity to deliver
himself. Bacon.
He had conducted his own defense with singular boldness and
dexterity. Hallam.

Syn.
 -- Adroitness; activity; nimbleness; expertness; skill; cleverness;
art; ability; address; tact; facility; aptness; aptitude; faculty.
See Skill.

DEXTEROUS
Dex"ter*ous, a. Etym: [L. dexter. See Dexter.] [Written also
dextrous.]

1. Ready and expert in the use of the body and limbs; skillful and
active with the hands; handy; ready; as, a dexterous hand; a
dexterous workman.

2. Skillful in contrivance; quick at inventing expedients; expert;
as, a dexterous manager.
Dexterous the craving, fawning crowd to quit. Pope.

3. Done with dexterity; skillful; artful; as, dexterous management.
"Dexterous sleights of hand." Trench.

Syn.
 -- Adroit; active; expert; skillful; clever; able; ready; apt;
handy; versed.

DEXTEROUSLY
Dex"ter*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dexterous manner; skillfully.

DEXTEROUSNESS
Dex"ter*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being dexterous; dexterity.

DEXTRAD
Dex"trad, adv. Etym: [L. dextra the right hand + ad to.] (Anat.)

Defn: Toward the right side; dextrally.

DEXTRAL
Dex"tral, a. Etym: [From Dexter.]

Defn: Right, as opposed to sinistral, or left. Dextral shell (Zoöl.),
a spiral shell the whorls of which turn from left right, or like the
hands of a watch when the apex of the spire is toward the eye of the
observer.

DEXTRALITY
Dex*tral"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being on the right-hand side; also, the quality of
being right-handed; right-handedness. Sir T. Browne.

DEXTRALLY
Dex"tral*ly

Defn: (adv. Towards the right; as, the hands of a watch rotate
dextrally.

DEXTRER
Dex*trer", n.

Defn: A war horse; a destrer. [Obs.] "By him baiteth his dextrer."
Chaucer.

DEXTRIN
Dex"trin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dextrine, G. dextrin. See Dexter.] (Chem.)

Defn: A translucent, gummy, amorphous substance, nearly tasteless and
odorless, used as a substitute for gum, for sizing, etc., and
obtained from starch by the action of heat, acids, or diastase. It is
of somewhat variable composition, containing several carbohydrates
which change easily to their respective varieties of sugar. It is so
named from its rotating the plane of polarization to the right; --
called also British gum, Alsace gum, gommelin, leiocome, etc. See
Achroödextrin, and Erythrodextrin.

DEXTRO-
Dex"tro-.

Defn: A prefix, from L. dexter, meaning, pertaining to, or toward,
the right; (Chem. & Opt.)

Defn: having the property of turning the plane of polarized light to
the right; as, dextrotartaric acid.

DEXTROGEROUS
Dex*trog"er*ous, a. (Physics & Chem.)

Defn: See Dextrogyrate.

DEXTROGLUCOSE
Dex`tro*glu"cose`, n. Etym: [Dextro- + glucose.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Dextrose.

DEXTROGYRATE
Dex`tro*gy"rate, a. Etym: [Dextro- + gyrate.] (Chem. & Opt.)

Defn: Same as Dextrorotatory.

DEXTRONIC
Dex*tron"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, dextrose; as, dextronic acid.
Dextronic acid, a sirupy substance obtained by the partial oxidation
of various carbohydrates, as dextrose, etc.

DEXTROROTARY
Dex`tro*ro"ta*ry, a. (Physics & Chem.)

Defn: See Dextrotatory.

DEXTROROTATORY
Dex`tro*ro"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [Dextro- + rotatory.] (Chem. & Opt.)

Defn: Turning, or causing to turn, toward the right hand; esp.,
turning the plane of polarization of luminous rays toward the right
hand; as, dextrorotatory crystals, sugars, etc. Cf. Levorotatory.

DEXTRORSAL; DEXTRORSE
Dex*tror"sal, Dex"trorse`, a. Etym: [L. dextrorsum, contr. fr.
dextrovorsum, dextroversum, toward the right side; dexter right +
versus, vorsus, p. p. of vertere, vortere, to turn.]

Defn: Turning from the left to the right, in the ascending line, as
in the spiral inclination of the stem of the common morning-glóry.

Note: At present scientists predicate dextrorse or sinistrorse
quality of the plant regarded objectively; formerly the plant was
regarded subjectively, and what is now called dextrorse was then
considered sinistrorse.

DEXTROSE
Dex"trose`, n. Etym: [See Dexter.] (Chem.)

Defn: A sirupy, or white crystalline, variety of sugar, C6H12O6 (so
called from turning the plane of polarization to the right),
occurring in many ripe fruits. Dextrose and levulose are obtained by
the inversion of cane sugar or sucrose, and hence called invert
sugar. Dextrose is chiefly obtained by the action of heat and acids
on starch, and hence called also starch sugar. It is also formed from
starchy food by the action of the amylolytic ferments of saliva and
pancreatic juice.

Note: The solid products are known to the trade as grape sugar; the
sirupy products as glucose, or mixing sirup. These are harmless, but
are only about half as sweet as cane or sucrose.

DEXTROUS; DEXTROUSLY; DEXTROUSNESS
Dex"trous, a., Dex"trous*ly, adv., Dex"trous*ness, n.

Defn: Same as Dexterous, Dexterously, etc.

DEY
Dey, n. Etym: [See Dairy.]

Defn: A servant who has charge of the dairy; a dairymaid. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

DEY
Dey, n.; pl. Deys. Etym: [Turk. dai, orig., a maternal uncle, then a
friendly title formerly given to middle-aged or old people,
especially among the Janizaries; and hence, in Algiers, consecrated
at length to the commanding officer of that corps, who frequently
became afterward pasha or regent of that province; hence the European
misnomer of dey, as applied to the latter: cf. F. dey.]

Defn: The governor of Algiers; -- so called before the French
conquest in 1830.

DEYE
Deye, v. i.

Defn: To die. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DEYNTE; DEYNTEE
Deyn"te, Deyn"tee, n. & a.

Defn: See Dainty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DEZINCIFICATION
De*zinc`i*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of freeing from zinc; also, the condition
resulting from the removal of zinc.

DEZINCIFY
De*zinc"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [Pref. de- + zinc + -fy.]

Defn: To deprive of, or free from, zinc.

DHOLE
Dhole, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fierce, wild dog (Canis Dukhunensis), found in the mountains
of India. It is remarkable for its propensity to hunt the tiger and
other wild animals in packs.

DHONY
Dho"ny, n.

Defn: A Ceylonese boat. See Doni.

DHOORRA; DHOURRA; DHURRA
Dhoor"ra, Dhour"ra, or Dhur"ra (, n.

Defn: Indian millet. See Durra.

DHOW
Dhow, n. Etym: [Ar. dao]

Defn: A coasting vessel of Arabia, East Africa, and the Indian Ocean.
It has generally but one mast and a lateen sail. [Also written dow.]

DI-
Di-. Etym: [Gr. bis twice. See Two, and cf. Bi-, Dia-. The L. pref.
dis- sometimes assumes the form di-. See Dis-.]

Defn: A prefix, signifying twofold, double, twice; (Chem.)

Defn: denoting two atoms, radicals, groups, or equivalents, as the
case may be. See Bi-,

2.

DIA-; DI-
Di"a-, Di-. Etym: [Gr. Two, and cf. 1st Di-.]

Defn: A prefix denoting through; also, between, apart, asunder,
across. Before a vowel dia- becomes di-; as, diactinic; dielectric,
etc.

DIABASE
Di"a*base, n. Etym: [F. diabase, fr. Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A basic, dark-colored, holocrystalline, igneous rock,
consisting essentially of a triclinic feldspar and pyroxene with
magnetic iron; -- often limited to rocks pretertiary in age. It
includes part of what was early called greenstone.

DIABATERIAL
Di*ab`a*te"ri*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Diabase.]

Defn: Passing over the borders. [R.] Mitford.

DIABETES
Di`a*be"tes, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. Diabase.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease which is attended with a persistent, excessive
discharge of urine. Most frequently the urine is not only increased
in quantity, but contains saccharine matter, in which case the
disease is generally fatal. Diabetes mellitus Etym: [NL., sweet
diabetes], that form of diabetes in which the urine contains
saccharine matter.
 -- Diabetes insipidus Etym: [NL., lit., diabetes], the form of
diabetes in which the urine contains no abnormal constituent.

DIABETIC; DIABETICAL
Di`a*bet"ic, Di`a*bet"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to diabetes; as, diabetic or diabetical treatment.
Quian. Diabetic sugar. (Chem.) Same as Dextrose.

DIABLERIE; DIABLEY
Dia`ble*rie", Di*ab"le*y, n. Etym: [F. diablerie, fr. diable devil,
L. diabolus. See Devil.]

Defn: Devilry; sorcery or incantation; a diabolical deed; mischief.

DIABOLIC; DIABOLICAL
Di`a*bol"ic, Di`a*bol"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. diabolicus, Gr. diabolique.
See Devil.]

Defn: Pertaining to the devil; resembling, or appropriate, or
appropriate to, the devil; devilish; infernal; impious; atrocious;
nefarious; outrageously wicked; as, a diabolic or diabolical temper
or act. "Diabolic power." Milton. "The diabolical institution."
Motley.
 -- Di`a*bol"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Di`a*bol"ic*al*ness, n.

DIABOLIFY
Di`a*bol"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. diabolus devil + -fy.]

Defn: To ascribed diabolical qualities to; to change into, or to
represent as, a devil. [R.] Farindon.

DIABOLISM
Di*ab"o*lism, n.

1. Character, action, or principles appropriate to the devil.

2. Possession by the devil. Bp. Warburton.

DIABOLIZE
Di*ab"o*lize, v. t.

Defn: To render diabolical. [R.]

DIABOLO
Di*ab"o*lo (di*ab"o*lo), n.

Defn: An old game or sport (revived under this name) consisting in
whirling on a string, fastened to two sticks, a small somewhat spool-
shaped object (called the diabolo) so as to balance it on a string,
toss it in the air and catch it, etc.

DIACATHOLICON
Di`a*ca*thol"i*con, n. Etym: [Pref. dia- + catholicon.] (Med.)

Defn: A universal remedy; -- name formerly to a purgative electuary.

DIACAUSTIC
Di`a*caus"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. dia- + caustic.] (Opt.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or possessing the properties of, a species of
caustic curves formed by refraction. See Caustic surface, under
Caustic.

DIACAUSTIC
Di`a*caus"tic, n.

1. (Med.)

Defn: That which burns by refraction, as a double convex lens, or the
sun's rays concentrated by such a lens, sometimes used as a cautery.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A curved formed by the consecutive intersections of rays of
light refracted through a lens.

DIACHYLON; DIACHYLUM
Di*ach"y*lon, Di*ach"y*lum, n. Etym: [NL. diachylum, fr. Gr. (Med. &
Chem.)

Defn: A plaster originally composed of the juices of several plants
(whence its name), but now made of an oxide of lead and oil, and
consisting essentially of glycerin mixed with lead salts of the fat
acids.

DIACID
Di*ac"id, a. Etym: [Pref. di- + acid.] (Chem.)

Defn: Divalent; -- said of a base or radical as capable of saturating
two acid monad radicals or a dibasic acid. Cf. Dibasic, a., and
Biacid.

DIACODIUM
Di`a*co"di*um, n. Etym: [L., from Gr.

Defn: A sirup made of poppies.

DIACONAL
Di*ac"o*nal, a. Etym: [LL. diaconalis: cf. F. diaconal. Cf. Deacon.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a deacon.

DIACONATE
Di*ac"o*nate, n. Etym: [L. diaconatus: cf. F. diaconat.]

Defn: The office of a deacon; deaconship; also, a body or board of
deacons.

DIACONATE
Di*ac"o*nate, a.

Defn: Governed by deacons. "Diaconate church." T. Goodwin.

DIACOPE
Di*ac"o*pe, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: Tmesis.

DIACOUSTIC
Di`a*cous"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. di- + acoustic.]

Defn: Pertaining to the science or doctrine of refracted sounds.

DIACOUSTICS
Di`a*cous"tics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. diacoustique.]

Defn: That branch of natural philosophy which treats of the
properties of sound as affected by passing through different mediums;
-- called also diaphonics. See the Note under Acoustics.

DIACRITIC; DIACRITICAL
Di`a*crit"ic, Di`a*crit"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Critic.]

Defn: That separates or distinguishes; -- applied to points or marks
used to distinguish letters of similar form, or different sounds of
the same letter, as, a, â, ä, o, ô, etc. "Diacritical points." Sir W.
Jones.
A glance at this typography will reveal great difficulties, which
diacritical marks necessarily throw in the way of both printer and
writer. A. J. Ellis.

DIACTINIC
Di`ac*tin"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. di- + actinic.] (Physics)

Defn: Capable of transmitting the chemical or actinic rays of light;
as, diactinic media.

DIADELPHIA
Di`a*del"phi*a, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan class of plants whose stamens are united into two
bodies or bundles by their filaments.

DIADELPHIAN; DIADELPHOUS
Di`a*del"phi*an, Di`a*del"phous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. diadelphe.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the class Diadelphia; having the stamens
united into two bodies by their filaments (said of a plant or
flower); grouped into two bundles or sets by coalescence of the
filaments (said of stamens).

DIADEM
Di"a*dem, n. Etym: [F. diadème, L. diadema, fr. Gr. da to bind.]

1. Originally, an ornamental head band or fillet, worn by Eastern
monarchs as a badge of royalty; hence (later), also, a crown, in
general. "The regal diadem." Milton.

2. Regal power; sovereignty; empire; -- considered as symbolized by
the crown.

3. (Her.)

Defn: An arch rising from the rim of a crown (rarely also of a
coronet), and uniting with others over its center. Diadem lemur.
(Zoöl.) See Indri.
 -- Diadem spider (Zoöl.), the garden spider.

DIADEM
Di"a*dem, v. t.

Defn: To adorn with a diadem; to crown.
Not so, when diadem'd with rays divine. Pope.
To terminate the evil, To diadem the right. R. H. Neale.

DIADROM
Di"a*drom, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A complete course or vibration; time of vibration, as of a
pendulum. [Obs.] Locke.

DIAERESIS; DIERESIS
Di*ær"e*sis, Di*er"e*sis, n.; pl. Diæreses or Diereses. Etym: [L.
diaeresis, Gr. Heresy.]

1. (Gram.)

Defn: The separation or resolution of one syllable into two; -- the
opposite of synæresis.

2. A mark consisting of two dots [..], placed over the second of two
adjacent vowels, to denote that they are to be pronounced as distinct
letters; as, coöperate, aërial.

DIAERETIC
Di`æ*ret"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Caustic. [Obs.]

DIAGEOTROPIC
Di`a*ge`o*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Relating to, or exhibiting, diageotropism.

DIAGEOTROPISM
Di`a*ge*ot"ro*pism, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The tendency of organs (as roots) of plants to assume a
position oblique or transverse to a direction towards the center of
the earth.

DIAGLYPH
Di"a*glyph, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An intaglio. Mollett.

DIAGLYPHIC; DIAGLYPHTIC
Di`a*glyph"ic, Di`a*glyph"tic, a.

Defn: Represented or formed by depressions in the general surface;
as, diaglyphic sculpture or engraving; -- opposed to anaglyphic.

DIAGNOSE
Di`ag*nose", v. t. & i.

Defn: To ascertain by diagnosis; to diagnosticate. See Diagnosticate.

DIAGNOSIS
Di`ag*no"sis, n.; pl. Diagnoses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Know.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: The art or act of recognizing the presence of disease from its
signs or symptoms, and deciding as to its character; also, the
decision arrived at.

2. Scientific determination of any kind; the concise description of
characterization of a species.

3. Critical perception or scrutiny; judgment based on such scrutiny;
esp., perception pf, or judgment concerning, motives and character.
The quick eye for effects, the clear diagnosis of men's minds, and
the love of epigram. Compton Reade.
My diagnosis of his character proved correct. J. Payn.
Differential diagnosis (Med.), the determination of the
distinguishing characteristics as between two similar diseases or
conditions.

DIAGNOSTIC
Di`ag*nos"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. diagnostique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or furnishing, a diagnosis; indicating the
nature of a disease.

DIAGNOSTIC
Di`ag*nos"tic, n.

Defn: The mark or symptom by which one disease is known or
distinguished from others.

DIAGNOSTICATE
Di`ag*nos"ti*cate, v. t. & i. Etym: [From Diagnostic.]

Defn: To make a diagnosis of; to recognize by its symptoms, as a
disease.

DIAGNOSTICS
Di`ag*nos"tics, n.

Defn: That part of medicine which has to do with ascertaining the
nature of diseases by means of their symptoms or signs.
His rare skill in diagnostics. Macaulay.

DIAGOMETER
Di`a*gom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: A sort of electroscope, invented by Rousseau, in which the dry
pile is employed to measure the amount of electricity transmitted by
different bodies, or to determine their conducting power. Nichol.

DIAGONAL
Di*ag"o*nal, a. Etym: [L. diagonalis, fr. Gr. knee: cf. F. diagonal.]
(Geom.)

Defn: Joining two not adjacent angles of a quadrilateral or
multilateral figure; running across from corner to corner; crossing
at an angle with one of the sides. Diagonal bond (Masonry),
herringbone work. See Herringbone, a.
 -- Diagonal built (Shipbuilding), built by forming the outer skin of
two layers of planking, making angles of about 45º with the keel, in
opposite directions.
 -- Diagonal cleavage. See under Cleavage.
 -- Diagonal molding (Arch.), a chevron or zigzag molding.
 -- Diagonal rib. (Arch.) See Cross-springer.
 -- Diagonal scale, a scale which consists of a set of parallel
lines, with other lines crossing them obliquely, so that their
intersections furnish smaller subdivisions of the unit of measure
than could be conveniently marked on a plain scale.
 -- Diagonal stratification. (Geol.) Same as Cross bedding, under
Cross, a.

DIAGONAL
Di*ag"o*nal, n.

1. A right line drawn from one angle to another not adjacent, of a
figure of four or more sides, and dividing it into two parts.

2. (Engin.)

Defn: A member, in a framed structure, running obliquely across a
panel.

3. A diagonal cloth; a kind of cloth having diagonal stripes, ridges,
or welts made in the weaving.

DIAGONALLY
Di*ag"o*nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a diagonal direction.

DIAGONIAL
Di`a*go"ni*al, a.

Defn: Diagonal; diametrical; hence; diametrically opposed. [Obs.]
Sin can have no tenure by law at all, but is rather an eternal
outlaw, and in hostility with law past all atonement; both diagonal
contraries, as much allowing one another as day and night together in
one hemisphere. Milton.

DIAGRAM
Di"a*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. diagramme. See Graphic.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A figure or drawing made to illustrate a statement, or
facilitate a demonstration; a plan.

2. Any simple drawing made for mathematical or scientific purposes,
or to assist a verbal explanation which refers to it; a mechanical
drawing, as distinguished from an artistical one. Indicator diagram.
(Steam Engine) See Indicator card, under indicator

DIAGRAM
Di"a*gram, v. t.

Defn: To put into the form of a diagram.

DIAGRAMMATIC
Di`a*gram*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a diagram; showing by
diagram.
 -- Di`a*gram*mat"ic*ly, adv.

DIAGRAPH
Di"a*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. diagraphe. See Diagram.]

Defn: A drawing instrument, combining a protractor and scale.

DIAGRAPHIC; DIAGRAPHICAL
Di`a*graph"ic, Di`a*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. diagraphique.]

Defn: Descriptive.

DIAGRAPHICS
Di`a*graph"ics, n.

Defn: The art or science of descriptive drawing; especially, the art
or science of drawing by mechanical appliances and mathematical rule.

DIAHELIOTROPIC
Di`a*he`li*o*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Relating or, or manifesting, diaheliotropism.

DIAHELIOTROPISM
Di`a*he`li*ot"ro*pism, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tendency of leaves or other organs of plants to have their
dorsal surface faced towards the rays of light.

DIAL
Di"al, n. Etym: [LL. dialis daily, fr. L. dies day. See Deity.]

1. An instrument, formerly much used for showing the time of day from
the shadow of a style or gnomon on a graduated arc or surface; esp.,
a sundial; but there are lunar and astral dials. The style or gnomon
is usually parallel to the earth's axis, but the dial plate may be
either horizontal or vertical.

2. The graduated face of a timepiece, on which the time of day is
shown by pointers or hands.

3. A miner's compass. Dial bird (Zoöl.), an Indian bird (Copsychus
saularius), allied to the European robin. The name is also given to
other related species.
 -- Dial lock, a lock provided with one or more plates having numbers
or letters upon them. These plates must be adjusted in a certain
determined way before the lock can be operated.
 -- Dial plate, the plane or disk of a dial or timepiece on which
lines and figures for indicating the time are placed.

DIAL
Di"al, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dialed or Dialled; p. pr. & vb. n. Dialing
or Dialling.]

1. To measure with a dial.
Hours of that true time which is dialed in heaven. Talfourd.

2. (Mining)

Defn: To survey with a dial. Raymond.

DIALECT
Di"a*lect, n. Etym: [F. dialecte, L. dialectus, fr. Gr. Dialogue.]

1. Means or mode of expressing thoughts; language; tongue; form of
speech.
This book is writ in such a dialect As may the minds of listless men
affect. Bunyan. The universal dialect of the world. South.

2. The form of speech of a limited region or people, as distinguished
from ether forms nearly related to it; a variety or subdivision of a
language; speech characterized by local peculiarities or specific
circumstances; as, the Ionic and Attic were dialects of Greece; the
Yorkshire dialect; the dialect of the learned.
In the midst of this Babel of dialects there suddenly appeared a
standard English language. Earle.
[Charles V.] could address his subjects from every quarter in their
native dialect. Prescott.

Syn.
 -- Language; idiom; tongue; speech; phraseology. See Language, and
Idiom.

DIALECTAL
Di`a*lec"tal, a.

Defn: Relating to a dialect; dialectical; as, a dialectical variant.

DIALECTIC
Di`a*lec"tic, n.

Defn: Same as Dialectics.
Plato placed his dialectic above all sciences. Liddell & Scott.

DIALECTIC; DIALECTICAL
Di`a*lec"tic, Di`a*lec"tic*al, a. Etym: [L. dialecticus, Gr.
dialectique. See Dialect.]

1. Pertaining to dialectics; logical; argumental.

2. Pertaining to a dialect or to dialects. Earle.

DIALECTICALLY
Di`a*lec"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dialectical manner.

DIALECTICIAN
Di`a*lec*ti"cian, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dialecticien.]

Defn: One versed in dialectics; a logician; a reasoner.

DIALECTICS
Di`a*lec"tics, n. Etym: [L. dialectica (sc. ars), Gr. dialectique.]

Defn: That branch of logic which teaches the rules and modes of
reasoning; the application of logical principles to discursive
reasoning; the science or art of discriminating truth from error;
logical discussion.

Note: Dialectics was defined by Aristotle to be the method of arguing
with probability on any given problem, and of defending a tenet
without inconsistency. By Plato, it was used in the following senses:

1. Discussion by dialogue as a method of scientific investigation.

2. The method of investigating the truth by analysis.

3. The science of ideas or of the nature and laws of being -- higher
metaphysics. By Kant, it was employed to signify the logic of
appearances or illusions, whether these arise from accident or error,
or from those necessary limitations which, according to this
philosopher, originate in the constitution of the human intellect.

DIALECTOLOGY
Di`a*lec*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Dialect + -logy.]

Defn: That branch of philology which is devoted to the consideration
of dialects. Beck.

DIALECTOR
Di`a*lec"tor, n.

Defn: One skilled in dialectics.

DIALING
Di"al*ing, n.

1. The art of constructing dials; the science which treats of
measuring time by dials. [Written also dialling.]

2. A method of surveying, especially in mines, in which the bearings
of the courses, or the angles which they make with each other, are
determined by means of the circumferentor.

DIALIST
Di"al*ist, n.

Defn: A maker of dials; one skilled in dialing.

DIALLAGE
Di*al"la*ge, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which arguments are placed in various points of
view, and then turned to one point. Smart.

DIALLAGE
Di"al*lage, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A dark green or bronze-colored laminated variety of pyroxene,
common in certain igneous rocks.

DIALLEL
Di"al*lel, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Meeting and intersecting, as lines; not parallel; -- opposed to
parallel. [Obs.] Ash.

DIALLYL
Di*al"lyl, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A volatile, pungent, liquid hydrocarbon, C6H10, consisting of
two allyl radicals, and belonging to the acetylene series.

DIALOGICAL
Di`a*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Relating to a dialogue; dialogistical. Burton.

DIALOGICALLY
Di`a*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner or nature of a dialogue. Goldsmith.

DIALOGISM
Di*al"o*gism, n. Etym: [Gr. dialogisme. See Dialogue.]

Defn: An imaginary speech or discussion between two or more;
dialogue. Fulke.

DIALOGIST
Di*al"o*gist, n. Etym: [L. dialogista: cf. F. dialogiste.]

1. A speaker in a dialogue.

2. A writer of dialogues. P. Skelton.

DIALOGISTIC; DIALOGISTICAL
Di*al`o*gis"tic, Di*al`o*gis"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to a dialogue; having the form or nature of a
dialogue.
 -- Di*al`o*gis"tic*al*ly, adv.

DIALOGITE
Di*al"o*gite, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Native carbonate of manganese; rhodochrosite.

DIALOGIZE
Di*al"o*gize, v. t. Etym: [Gr. dialogiser.]

Defn: To discourse in dialogue. Fotherby.

DIALOGUE
Di"a*logue, n. Etym: [OE. dialogue, L. dialogus, fr. Gr. dialogue.
See Legend.]

1. A conversation between two or more persons; particularly, a formal
conservation in theatrical performances or in scholastic exercises.

2. A written composition in which two or more persons are represented
as conversing or reasoning on some topic; as, the Dialogues of Plato.

DIALOGUE
Di"a*logue, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. dialoguer.]

Defn: To take part in a dialogue; to dialogize. [R.] Shak.

DIALOGUE
Di"a*logue, v. t.

Defn: To express as in dialogue. [R.]
And dialogued for him what he would say. Shak.

DIALYPETALOUS
Di`al*y*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having separate petals; polypetalous.

DIALYSIS
Di*al"y*sis, n.; pl. Dialyses. Etym: [L., separation, fr. Gr.

1. (Gram.)

Defn: Diæresis. See Diæresis,

1.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: Same as Asyndeton.

3. (Med.)
(a) Debility.
(b) A solution of continuity; division; separation of parts.

4. (Chem.)

Defn: The separation of different substances in solution, as
crystalloids and colloids, by means of their unequal diffusion,
especially through natural or artificial membranes.

DIALYTIC
Di`a*lyt"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Dialysis.]

Defn: Having the quality of unloosing or separating. Clarke. Dialytic
telescope, an achromatic telescope in which the colored dispersion
produced by a single object lens of crown glass is corrected by a
smaller concave lens, or combination of lenses, of high dispersive
power, placed at a distance in the narrower part of the converging
cone of rays, usually near the middle of the tube.

DIALYZATE
Di*al"y*zate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The material subjected to dialysis.

DIALYZATION
Di`a*ly*za"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of dialysis.

DIALYZE
Di"a*lyze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dialyzed; p. pr. & vb. n. Dialyzing.]
(Chem.)

Defn: To separate, prepare, or obtain, by dialysis or osmose; to pass
through an animal membrane; to subject to dialysis. [Written also
dialyse.]

DIALYZED
Di"a*lyzed, a.

Defn: Prepared by diffusion through an animal membrane; as, dialyzed
iron.

DIALYZER
Di"a*ly`zer, n.

Defn: The instrument or medium used to effect chemical dialysis.

DIAMAGNET
Di`a*mag"net, n. Etym: [Pref. dia- + magnet.]

Defn: A body having diamagnetic polarity.

DIAMAGNETIC
Di`a*mag*net"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or exhibiting the phenomena of, diamagnetism;
taking, or being of a nature to take, a position at right angles to
the lines of magnetic force. See Paramagnetic. Diamagnetic
attraction. See under Attraction.

DIAMAGNETIC
Di`a*mag*net"ic, n.

Defn: Any substance, as bismuth, glass, phosphorous, etc., which in a
field of magnetic force is differently affected from the ordinary
magnetic bodies, as iron; that is, which tends to take a position at
right angles to the lines of magnetic force, and is repelled by
either pole of the magnet.

DIAMAGNETICALLY
Di`a*mag*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of, or according to, diamagnetism.

DIAMAGNETISM
Di`a*mag"net*ism, n.

1. The science which treats of diamagnetic phenomena, and of the
properties of diamagnetic bodies.

2. That form or condition of magnetic action which characterizes
diamagnetics.

DIAMANTIFEROUS
Di`a*man*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [F. diamant diamond + -ferous.]

Defn: Yielding diamonds.

DIAMANTINE
Di`a*man"tine, a.

Defn: Adamantine. [Obs.]

DIAMETER
Di*am"e*ter, n. Etym: [F. diamètre, L. diametros, fr. Gr. Meter.]

1. (Geom.)
(a) Any right line passing through the center of a figure or body, as
a circle, conic section, sphere, cube, etc., and terminated by the
opposite boundaries; a straight line which bisects a system of
parallel chords drawn in a curve.
(b) A diametral plane.

2. The length of a straight line through the center of an object from
side to side; width; thickness; as, the diameter of a tree or rock.

Note: In an elongated object the diameter is usually taken at right
angles to the longer axis.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: The distance through the lower part of the shaft of a column,
used as a standard measure for all parts of the order. See Module.
Conjugate diameters. See under Conjugate.

DIAMETRAL
Di*am"e*tral, a. Etym: [Gr. F. diamétral.]

Defn: Pertaining to a diameter; diametrical. Diametral curve,
Diametral surface (Geom.), any line or surface which bisects a system
of parallel chords drawn in a curve or surface.
 -- Diametral planes (Crystal.), planes in which two of the axes lie.

DIAMETRAL
Di*am"e*tral, n.

Defn: A diameter. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

DIAMETRALLY
Di*am"e*tral*ly, adv.

Defn: Diametrically.

DIAMETRIC; DIAMETRICAL
Di*am"e*tric, Di*am"e*tric*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a diameter.

2. As remote as possible, as if at the opposite end of a diameter;
directly adverse.

DIAMETRICALLY
Di*am"e*tric*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a diametrical manner; directly; as, diametrically opposite.
Whose principles were diametrically opposed to his. Macaulay.

DIAMIDE
Di*am"ide (; 104), n. Etym: [Pref. di- + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any compound containing two amido groups united with one or
more acid or negative radicals, -- as distinguished from a diamine.
Cf. Amido acid, under Amido, and Acid amide, under Amide.

DIAMIDO-
Di*am"i*do- (, a. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix or combining form of Diamine.

Note: [Also used adjectively.]

DIAMINE
Di*am"ine (; 104), n. Etym: [Pref. di- + amine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound containing two amido groups united with one or more
basic or positive radicals, -- as contrasted with a diamide.

Note: In chemical nomenclature, if any amine or diamine is named by
prefixing the nitrogen group, the name of the latter takes the form
of amido, diamido, etc., thus ethylene diamine, C2H4.(NH2)2, is also
called diamido-ethylene.

DIAMOND
Di"a*mond, n. Etym: [OE. diamaund, diamaunt, F. diamant, corrupted,
fr. L. adamas, the hardest iron, steel, diamond, Gr. Adamant, Tame.]

1. A precious stone or gem excelling in brilliancy and beautiful play
of prismatic colors, and remarkable for extreme hardness.

Note: The diamond is native carbon in isometric crystals, often
octahedrons with rounded edges. It is usually colorless, but some are
yellow, green, blue, and even black. It is the hardest substance
known. The diamond as found in nature (called a rough diamond) is
cut, for use in jewelry, into various forms with many reflecting
faces, or facets, by which its brilliancy is much increased. See
Brilliant, Rose. Diamonds are said to be of the first water when very
transparent, and of the second or third water as the transparency
decreases.

2. A geometrical figure, consisting of four equal straight lines, and
having two of the interior angles acute and two obtuse; a rhombus; a
lozenge.

3. One of a suit of playing cards, stamped with the figure of a
diamond.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: A pointed projection, like a four-sided pyramid, used for
ornament in lines or groups.

5. (Baseball)

Defn: The infield; the square space, 90 feet on a side, having the
bases at its angles.

6. (Print.)

Defn: The smallest kind of type in English printing, except that
called brilliant, which is seldom seen.

Note: * This line is printed in the type called Diamond. Black
diamond, coal; (Min.) See Carbonado.
 -- Bristol diamond. See Bristol stone, under Bristol.
 -- Diamond beetle (Zoöl.), a large South American weevil (Entimus
imperialis), remarkable for its splendid luster and colors, due to
minute brilliant scales.
 -- Diamond bird (Zoöl.), a small Australian bird (Pardalotus
punctatus, family Ampelidæ.). It is black, with white spots.
 -- Diamond drill (Engin.), a rod or tube the end of which is set
with black diamonds; -- used for perforating hard substances, esp.
for boring in rock.
 -- Diamond finch (Zoöl.), a small Australian sparrow, often kept in
a cage. Its sides are black, with conspicuous white spots, and the
rump is bright carmine.
 -- Diamond groove (Iron Working), a groove of V-section in a roll.
 -- Diamond mortar (Chem.), a small steel mortar used for pulverizing
hard substances.
 -- Diamond-point tool, a cutting tool whose point is diamond-shaped.
 -- Diamond snake (Zoöl.), a harmless snake of Australia (Morelia
spilotes); the carpet snake.
 -- Glazier's diamond, a small diamond set in a glazier's tool, for
cutting glass.

DIAMOND
Di"a*mond, a.

Defn: Resembling a diamond; made of, or abounding in, diamonds; as, a
diamond chain; a diamond field.

DIAMOND ANNIVERSARY; DIAMOND JUBILEE
Diamond anniversary, jubilee, etc.

Defn: One celebrated upon the completion of sixty, or, according to
some, seventy-five, years from the beginning of the thing
commemorated.

DIAMOND-BACK
Di"a*mond-back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The salt-marsh terrapin of the Atlantic coast (Malacoclemmys
palustris).

DIAMONDED
Di"a*mond*ed, a.

1. Having figures like a diamond or lozenge.

2. Adorned with diamonds; diamondized. Emerson.

DIAMONDIZE
Di"a*mond*ize, v. t.

Defn: To set with diamonds; to adorn; to enrich. [R.]
Diamondizing of your subject. B. Jonson.

DIAMOND-SHAPED
Di"a*mond-shaped`, a.

Defn: Shaped like a diamond or rhombus.

DIAMOND STATE
Diamond State.

Defn: Delaware; -- a nickname alluding to its small size.

DIAMYLENE
Di*am"y*lene, n. Etym: [Pref. di- + amylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon, C10H20, of the ethylene series, regarded
as a polymeric form of amylene.

DIAN
Di"an, a

Defn: , Diana. [Poetic]

DIANA
Di*a"na, n. Etym: [L. Diana.] (Myth.)

Defn: The daughter of Jupiter and Latona; a virgin goddess who
presided over hunting, chastity, and marriage; -- identified with the
Greek goddess Artemis.
And chaste Diana haunts the forest shade. Pope.
Diana monkey (Zoöl.), a handsome, white-bearded monkey of West Africa
(Cercopithecus Diana).

DIANDRIA
Di*an"dri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan class of plants having two stamens.

DIANDRIAN
Di*an"dri*an, a.

Defn: Diandrous.

DIANDROUS
Di*an"drous, n. Etym: [Cf. F. diandre.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the class Diandria; having two stamens.

DIANIUM
Di*a"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Diana; either as the name of the
Roman goddess, or from its use in OE. as a name of silver.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Columbium. [Obs.]

DIANOETIC
Di`a*no*et"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Metaph.)

Defn: Pertaining to the discursive faculty, its acts or products.
I would employ . . . dianoetic to denote the operation of the
discursive, elaborative, or comparative faculty. Sir W. Hamilton.

DIANOIALOGY
Di`a*noi*al"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of the dianoetic faculties, and their operations.
Sir W. Hamilton.

DIANTHUS
Di*an"thus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants containing some of the most popular of
cultivated flowers, including the pink, carnation, and Sweet William.

DIAPASE
Di"a*pase, n.

Defn: Same as Diapason. [Obs.]
A tuneful diapase of pleasures. Spenser.

DIAPASM
Di"a*pasm, n. Etym: [L. diapasma, Gr. diapasme.]

Defn: Powdered aromatic herbs, sometimes made into little balls and
strung together. [Obs.]

DIAPASON
Di`a*pa"son, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. i. e., diapason. Cf. Panacea.]

1. (Gr. Mus.)

Defn: The octave, or interval which includes all the tones of the
diatonic scale.

2. Concord, as of notes an octave apart; harmony.
The fair music that all creatures made . . . In perfect diapason.
Milton.

3. The entire compass of tones.
Through all the compass of the notes it ran, The diapason closing
full in man. Dryden.

4. A standard of pitch; a tuning fork; as, the French normal
diapason.

5. One of certain stops in the organ, so called because they extend
through the scale of the instrument. They are of several kinds, as
open diapason, stopped diapason, double diapason, and the like.

DIAPEDESIS
Di`a*pe*de"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The passage of the corpuscular elements of the blood from the
blood vessels into the surrounding tissues, without rupture of the
walls of the blood vessels.

DIAPENTE
Di`a*pen"te, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. diapente.]

1. (Anc. Mus.)

Defn: The interval of the fifth.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A composition of five ingredients.

DIAPER
Di"a*per, n. Etym: [OF. diaspre, diapre, diaspe, sort of figured
cloth, It. diaspro jasper, diaspo figured cloth, from L.jaspis a
green-colored precious stone. See Jasper.]

1. Any textile fabric (esp. linen or cotton toweling) woven in diaper
pattern. See 2.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Surface decoration of any sort which consists of the constant
repetition of one or more simple figures or units of design evenly
spaced.

3. A towel or napkin for wiping the hands, etc.
Let one attend him with a silver basin, . . . Another bear the ewer,
the third a diaper. Shak.

4. An infant's breechcloth.

DIAPER
Di"a*per, v. t.

1. To ornament with figures, etc., arranged in the pattern called
diaper, as cloth in weaving. "Diapered light." H. Van Laun.
Engarlanded and diapered With in wrought flowers. Tennyson.

2. To put a diaper on (a child).

DIAPER
Di"a*per, v. i.

Defn: To draw flowers or figures, as upon cloth. "If you diaper on
folds." Peacham.

DIAPERING
Di"a*per*ing, n.

Defn: Same as Diaper, n.,

2.

DIAPHANE
Di"a*phane, n. Etym: [Cf. F. diaphane diaphanous. See Diaphanous.]

Defn: A woven silk stuff with transparent and colored figures; diaper
work.

DIAPHANED
Di"a*phaned, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. diaphaner to make transparent. See
Diaphanous.]

Defn: Transparent or translucent. [R.]

DIAPHANEITY
Di`a*pha*ne"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. diaphanéité. See Diaphanous.]

Defn: The quality of being diaphanous; transparency; pellucidness.

DIAPHANIC
Di`a*phan"ic, a. Etym: [See Diaphanous.]

Defn: Having power to transmit light; transparent; diaphanous.

DIAPHANIE
Di*aph"a*nie, n.

Defn: The art of imitating

DIAPHANOMETER
Di`a*pha*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the transparency of the air.

DIAPHANOSCOPE
Di`a*phan"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Photog.)

Defn: A dark box constructed for viewing transparent pictures, with
or without a lens.

DIAPHANOTYPE
Di`a*phan"o*type, n. Etym: [Gr. -type.] (Photog.)

Defn: A colored photograph produced by superimposing a translucent
colored positive over a strong uncolored one.

DIAPHANOUS
Di*aph"a*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. diaphane. See Phantom, and cf. Diaphane,
Diaphanic.]

Defn: Allowing light to pass through, as porcelain; translucent or
transparent; pellucid; clear.
Another cloud in the region of them, light enough to be fantastic and
diaphanous. Landor.

DIAPHANOUSLY
Di*aph"a*nous*ly, adv.

Defn: Translucently.

DIAPHEMETRIC
Di*aph`e*met"ric, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Relating to the measurement of the tactile sensibility of
parts; as, diaphemetric compasses. Dunglison.

DIAPHONIC; DIAPHONICAL
Di`a*phon"ic, Di`a*phon"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Diacoustic.

DIAPHONICS
Di`a*phon"ics, n.

Defn: The doctrine of refracted sound; diacoustics.

DIAPHORESIS
Di`a*pho*re"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Perspiration, or an increase of perspiration.

DIAPHORETIC; DIAPHORETICAL
Di`a*pho*ret"ic, Di`a*pho*ret"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. diaphoreticus, Gr.
diaphorétique. See Diaphoresis.]

Defn: Having the power to increase perspiration.

DIAPHORETIC
Di`a*pho*ret"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine or agent which promotes perspiration.

Note: Diaphoretics differ from sudorifics; the former only increase
the insensible perspiration, the latter excite the sensible discharge
called sweat. Parr.

DIAPHOTE
Di"a*phote, n. Etym: [Pref. dia- + Gr. (Elec.)

Defn: An instrument designed for transmitting pictures by telegraph.
Fallows.

DIAPHRAGM
Di"a*phragm, n. Etym: [L. diaphragma, Gr. fareire to stuff: cf. F.
diaphragme. See Farce.]

1. A dividing membrane or thin partition, commonly with an opening
through it.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The muscular and tendinous partition separating the cavity of
the chest from that of the abdomen; the midriff.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A calcareous plate which divides the cavity of certain shells
into two parts.

4. (Opt.)

Defn: A plate with an opening, which is generally circular, used in
instruments to cut off marginal portions of a beam of light, as at
the focus of a telescope.

5. (Mach.)

Defn: A partition in any compartment, for various purposes. Diaphragm
pump, one in which a flexible diaphragm takes the place of a piston.

DIAPHRAGMATIC
Di`a*phrag*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. diaphragmatique.]

Defn: Pertaining to a diaphragm; as, diaphragmatic respiration; the
diaphragmatic arteries and nerves.

DIAPHYSIS
Di*aph"y*sis, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An abnormal prolongation of the axis of inflorescence.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The shaft, or main part, of a bone, which is first ossified.

DIAPNOIC
Di`ap*no"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. diapnoïque.] (Med.)

Defn: Slightly increasing an insensible perspiration; mildly
diaphoretic.
 -- n.

Defn: A gentle diaphoretic.

DIAPOPHYSICAL
Di*ap`o*phys"ic*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to a diapophysis.

DIAPOPHYSIS
Di`a*poph"y*sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Dia-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.)

Defn: The dorsal transverse, or tubercular, process of a vertebra.
See Vertebra.

DIARCHY
Di"arch*y, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A form of government in which the supreme power is vested in
two persons.

DIARIAL; DIARIAN
Di*a"ri*al, Di*a"ri*an, a. Etym: [See Diary.]

Defn: Pertaining to a diary; daily.

DIARIST
Di"a*rist, n.

Defn: One who keeps a diary.

DIARRHEA; DIARRHOEA
Di`ar*rhe"a, Di`ar*rhoe"a, n. Etym: [L. diarrhoea, Gr. stream. See
Stream.] (Med.)

Defn: A morbidly frequent and profuse discharge of loose or fluid
evacuations from the intestines, without tenesmus; a purging or
looseness of the bowels; a flux.

DIARRHEAL; DIARRHOEAL
Di`ar*rhe"al, Di`ar*rhoe"al a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to diarrhea; like diarrhea.

DIARRHETIC; DIARRHOETIC
Di`ar*rhet"ic, Di`ar*rhoet"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Producing diarrhea, or a purging.

DIARTHRODIAL
Di`ar*thro"di*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Relating to diarthrosis, or movable articulations.

DIARTHROSIS
Di`ar*thro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A form of articulation which admits of considerable motion; a
complete joint; abarticulation. See Articulation.

DIARY
Di"a*ry, n.; pl. Diaries. Etym: [L. diarium, fr. dies day. See
Deity.]

Defn: A register of daily events or transactions; a daily record; a
journal; a blank book dated for the record of daily memoranda; as, a
diary of the weather; a physician's diary.

DIARY
Di"a*ry, a.

Defn: lasting for one day; as, a diary fever. [Obs.] "Diary ague."
Bacon.

DIASPORA
Di*as"po*ra, n. [Gr. . See Diaspore.] Lit., "Dispersion." -- applied
collectively:
 (a) To those Jews who, after the Exile, were scattered through the
Old World, and afterwards to Jewish Christians living among heathen.
Cf. James i.1.
 (b) By extension, to Christians isolated from their own communion,
as among the Moravians to those living, usually as missionaries,
outside of the parent congregation.

DIASPORE
Di"a*spore, n. Etym: [From Gr. diaspore.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrate of alumina, often occurring in white lamellar masses
with brilliant pearly luster; -- so named on account of its
decrepitating when heated before the blowpipe.

DIASTASE
Di"a*stase, n. Etym: [Gr. diastase. Cf. Diastasis.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A soluble, nitrogenous ferment, capable of converting starch
and dextrin into sugar.

Note: The name is more particularly applied to that ferment formed
during the germination of grain, as in the malting of barley; but it
is also occasionally used to designate the amylolytic ferment
contained in animal fluids, as in the saliva.

DIASTASIC
Di`a*sta"sic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, diastase; as, diastasic
ferment.

DIASTASIS
Di*as"ta*sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Diastase.] (Surg.)

Defn: A forcible of bones without fracture.

DIASTATIC
Di`a*stat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Diastase.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Relating to diastase; having the properties of diastase;
effecting the conversion of starch into sugar.
The influence of acids and alkalies on the diastatic action of
saliva. Lauder Brunton.

DIASTEM
Di"a*stem, n. Etym: [L. diastema, Gr. diastème.]
(a) Intervening space; interval.
(b) (Anc. Mus.) An interval.

DIASTEMA
Di`a*ste"ma, n. Etym: [L. See Diastem.] (Anat.)

Defn: A vacant space, or gap, esp. between teeth in a jaw.

DIASTER
Di*as"ter, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A double star; -- applied to the nucleus of a cell, when,
during cell division, the loops of the nuclear network separate into
two groups, preparatory to the formation of two daughter nuclei. See
Karyokinesis.

DIASTOLE
Di*as"to*le, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: The rhythmical expansion or dilatation of the heart and
arteries; -- correlative to systole, or contraction.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A figure by which a syllable naturally short is made long.

DIASTOLIC
Di`as*tol"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to diastole.

DIASTYLE
Di"a*style, n. Etym: [L. diastylus, Gr. diastyle.] (Arch.)

Defn: See under Intercolumniation.

DIATESSARON
Di`a*tes"sa*ron, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Anc. Mus.)

Defn: The interval of a fourth.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: A continuous narrative arranged from the first four books of
the New Testament.

3. An electuary compounded of four medicines.

DIATHERMAL
Di`a*ther"mal, a. Etym: [Gr. Diathermous.]

Defn: Freely permeable by radiant heat.

DIATHERMANCY; DIATHERMANEITY
Di`a*ther"man*cy, Di`a*ther`ma*ne"i*ty, n. Etym: [See Diathermanous.]

Defn: The property of transmitting radiant heat; the quality of being
diathermous. Melloni.

DIATHERMANISM
Di`a*ther"ma*nism, n.

Defn: The doctrine or the phenomena of the transmission of radiant
heat. Nichol.

DIATHERMANOUS
Di`a*ther"ma*nous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having the property of transmitting radiant heat; diathermal; -
- opposed to athermanous.

DIATHERMIC
Di`a*ther"mic, a.

Defn: Affording a free passage to heat; as, diathermic substances.
Melloni.

DIATHERMOMETER
Di`a*ther*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter. See Diathermal.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for examining the thermal resistance or heat-
conducting power of liquids.

DIATHERMOUS
Di`a*ther"mous, a.

Defn: Same as Diathermal.

DIATHESIS
Di*ath"e*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Bodily condition or constitution, esp. a morbid habit which
predisposes to a particular disease, or class of diseases.

DIATHETIC
Di`a*thet"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or dependent on, a diathesis or special
constitution of the body; as, diathetic disease.

DIATOM
Di"a*tom, n. Etym: [Gr. Diatomous.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the Diatomaceæ, a family of minute unicellular Algæ
having a siliceous covering of great delicacy, each individual
multiplying by spontaneous division. By some authors diatoms are
called Bacillariæ, but this word is not in general use.

2. A particle or atom endowed with the vital principle.
The individual is nothing. He is no more than the diatom, the bit of
protoplasm. Mrs. E. Lynn Linton.

DIATOMIC
Di`a*tom"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. di- + atomic.] (Chem.)
(a) Containing two atoms.
(b) Having two replaceable atoms or radicals.

DIATOMOUS
Di*at"o*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. Diatom.] (Min.)

Defn: Having a single, distinct, diagonal cleavage; -- said of
crystals. Mohs.

DIATONIC
Di`a*ton"ic, a. Etym: [L. diatonicus, diatonus, Gr. diatonique. See
Tone.] (Mus.)

Defn: Pertaining to the scale of eight tones, the eighth of which is
the octave of the first. Diatonic scale (Mus.), a scale consisting of
eight sounds with seven intervals, of which two are semitones and
five are whole tones; a modern major or minor scale, as distinguished
from the chromatic scale.

DIATONICALLY
Di`a*ton"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a diatonic manner.

DIATRIBE
Di"a*tribe, n. Etym: [L. diatriba a learned discussion, Gr. terere,
F. trite: cf. F. diatribe.]

Defn: A prolonged or exhaustive discussion; especially, an
acrimonious or invective harangue; a strain of abusive or railing
language; a philippic.
The ephemeral diatribe of a faction. John Morley.

DIATRIBIST
Di*at"ri*bist, n.

Defn: One who makes a diatribe or diatribes.

DIATRYMA
Di`a*try"ma, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct eocene bird from New Mexico, larger than the
ostrich.

DIAZEUCTIC; DIAZEUTIC
Di`a*zeuc"tic, Di`a*zeu"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anc. Mus.)

Defn: Disjoining two fourths; as, the diazeutic tone, which, like
that from F to G in modern music, lay between two fourths, and, being
joined to either, made a fifth. [Obs.]

DIAZO-
Di*az"o- (. Etym: [Pref. di- + azo-] (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively), meaning pertaining
to, or derived from, a series of compounds containing a radical of
two nitrogen atoms, united usually to an aromatic radical; as, diazo-
benzene, C6H5.N2.OH.

Note: Diazo compounds are in general unstable, but are of great
importance in recent organic chemistry. They are obtained by a
partial reduction of the salts of certain amido compounds. Diazo
reactions (Chem.), a series of reactions whereby diazo compounds are
employed in substitution. These reactions are of great importance in
organic chemistry.

DIAZOTIZE
Di*az"o*tize, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To subject to such reactions or processes that diazo compounds,
or their derivatives, shall be produced by chemical exchange or
substitution.

DIB
Dib, v. i.

Defn: To dip. [Prov. Eng.] Walton.

DIB
Dib, n.

1. One of the small bones in the knee joints of sheep uniting the
bones above and below the joints.

2. pl.

Defn: A child's game, played with dib bones.

DIBASIC
Di*ba"sic, a. Etym: [Pref. di- + basic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having two acid hydrogen atoms capable of replacement by basic
atoms or radicals, in forming salts; bibasic; -- said of acids, as
oxalic or sulphuric acids. Cf. Diacid, Bibasic.

Note: In the case of certain acids dibasic and divalent are not
synonymous; as, tartaric acid is tetravalent and dibasic, lactic acid
is divalent but monobasic.

DIBASICITY
Di`ba*sic"i*ty, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The property or condition of being dibasic.

DIBBER
Dib"ber, n.

Defn: A dibble. Halliwell.

DIBBLE
Dib"ble, n. Etym: [See Dibble, v. i.]

Defn: A pointed implement used to make holes in the ground in which
no set out plants or to plant seeds.

DIBBLE
Dib"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dibbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Dibbling.]
Etym: [Freq. of Prov. E. dib, for dip to thrust in. See Dip.]

Defn: To dib or dip frequently, as in angling. Walton.

DIBBLE
Dib"ble, v. t.

1. To plant with a dibble; to make holes in (soil) with a dibble, for
planting.

2. To make holes or indentations in, as if with a dibble.
The clayey soil around it was dibbled thick at the time by the tiny
hoofs of sheep. H. Miller.

DIBBLER
Dib"bler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, dibbles, or makes holes in the ground
for seed.

DIBRANCHIATA
Di*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of cephalopods which includes those with two gills, an
apparatus for emitting an inky fluid, and either eight or ten
cephalic arms bearing suckers or hooks, as the octopi and squids. See
Cephalopoda.

DIBRANCHIATE
Di*bran"chi*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having two gills.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Dibranchiata.

DIBS
Dibs, n.

Defn: A sweet preparation or treacle of grape juice, much used in the
East. Johnston.

DIBSTONE
Dib"stone` (; 110), n.

Defn: A pebble used in a child's game called dibstones. Locke.

DIBUTYL
Di*bu"tyl, n. Etym: [Pref. di- + butyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon, C8H18, of the marsh-gas series, being one
of several octanes, and consisting of two butyl radicals. Cf. Octane.

DICACIOUS
Di*ca"cious, a. Etym: [L. dicax, dicacis, fr. dicere to say.]

Defn: Talkative; pert; saucy. [Obs.]

DICACITY
Di*cac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. dicacitas: cf. F. dicacité. See Dicacious.]

Defn: Pertness; sauciness. [Obs.]

DICALCIC
Di*cal"cic, a. Etym: [Pref. di- + calcic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having two atoms or equivalents of calcium to the molecule.

DICARBONIC
Di`car*bon"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. di- + carbonic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Containing two carbon residues, or two carboxyl or radicals;
as, oxalic acid is a dicarbonic acid.

DICAST
Di"cast, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A functionary in ancient Athens answering nearly to the modern
juryman.

DICASTERY
Di*cas"ter*y, n. Etym: [Gr. Dicast.]

Defn: A court of justice; judgment hall. [R.] J. S. Mill.

DICE
Dice, n.; pl. of Die.

Defn: Small cubes used in gaming or in determining by chance; also,
the game played with dice. See Die, n. Dice coal, a kind of coal
easily splitting into cubical fragments. Brande & C.

DICE
Dice, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Diced; p. pr. & vb. n. Dicing.]

1. To play games with dice.
I . . . diced not above seven times a week. Shak.

2. To ornament with squares, diamonds, or cubes.

DICEBOX
Dice"box`, n.

Defn: A box from which dice are thrown in gaming. Thackeray.

DICENTRA
Di*cen"tra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbaceous plants, with racemes of two-spurred or
heart-shaped flowers, including the Dutchman's breeches, and the more
showy Bleeding heart (D. spectabilis). [Corruptly written dielytra.]

DICEPHALOUS
Di*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having two heads on one body; double-headed.

DICER
Di"cer, n.

Defn: A player at dice; a dice player; a gamester.
As false as dicers' oaths. Shak.

DICH
Dich, v. i.

Defn: To ditch. [Obs.]

DICHASTIC
Di*chas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Capable of subdividing spontaneously.

DICHLAMYDEOUS
Di`chla*myd"e*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having two coverings, a calyx and in corolla.

DICHLORIDE
Di*chlo"ride, n. Etym: [Pref. di- + chloride.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Bichloride.

DICHOGAMOUS
Di*chog"a*mous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Manifesting dichogamy.

DICHOGAMY
Di*chog"a*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The condition of certain species of plants, in which the
stamens and pistil do not mature simultaneously, so that these plants
can never fertilize themselves.

DICHOTOMIST
Di*chot"o*mist, n.

Defn: One who dichotomizes. Bacon.

DICHOTOMIZE
Di*chot"o*mize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dichotomized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dichotomizing.] Etym: [See Dichotomous.]

1. To cut into two parts; to part into two divisions; to divide into
pairs; to bisect. [R.]
The apostolical benediction dichotomizes all good things into grace
and peace. Bp. Hall.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: To exhibit as a half disk. See Dichotomy,

3. "[The moon] was dichotomized." Whewell.

DICHOTOMIZE
Di*chot"o*mize, v. i.

Defn: To separate into two parts; to branch dichotomously; to become
dichotomous.

DICHOTOMOUS
Di*chot"o*mous, a. Etym: [L. dichotomos, Gr.

Defn: Regularly dividing by pairs from bottom to top; as, a
dichotomous stem.
 -- Di*chot"o*mous*ly, adv.

DICHOTOMY
Di*chot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. dichotomie. See Dichotomous.]

1. A cutting in two; a division.
A general breach or dichotomy with their church. Sir T. Browne.

2. Division or distribution of genera into two species; division into
two subordinate parts.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: That phase of the moon in which it appears bisected, or shows
only half its disk, as at the quadratures.

4. (Biol.)

Defn: Successive division and subdivision, as of a stem of a plant or
a vein of the body, into two parts as it proceeds from its origin;
successive bifurcation.

5. The place where a stem or vein is forked.

6. (Logic)

Defn: Division into two; especially, the division of a class into two
subclasses opposed to each other by contradiction, as the division of
the term man into white and not white.

DICHROIC
Di*chro"ic, a. Etym: [See Dichroism.]

Defn: Having the property of dichroism; as, a dichroic crystal.

DICHROISCOPE
Di*chro"i*scope, n.

Defn: Same as Dichroscope.

DICHROISM
Di"chro*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Opt.)

Defn: The property of presenting different colors by transmitted
light, when viewed in two different directions, the colors being
unlike in the direction of unlike or unequal axes.

DICHROITE
Di"chro*ite, n. Etym: [See Dichroism.] (Min.)

Defn: Iolite; -- so called from its presenting two different colors
when viewed in two different directions. See Iolite.

DICHROITIC
Di`chro*it"ic, a.

Defn: Dichroic.

DICHROMATE
Di*chro"mate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of chromic acid containing two equivalents of the acid
radical to one of the base; -- called also bichromate.

DICHROMATIC
Di`chro*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. di- + chromatic: cf. Gr.

1. Having or exhibiting two colors.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having two color varieties, or two phases differing in color,
independently of age or sex, as in certain birds and insects.

DICHROMATISM
Di*chro"ma*tism, n.

Defn: The state of being dichromatic.

DICHROMIC
Di*chro"mic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Furnishing or giving two colors; -- said of defective vision,
in which all the compound colors are resolvable into two elements
instead of three. Sir J. Herschel.

DICHROOUS
Di"chro*ous, a.

Defn: Dichroic.

DICHROSCOPE
Di"chro*scope, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An instrument for examining the dichroism of crystals.

DICHROSCOPIC
Di`chro*scop"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the dichroscope, or to observations with it.

DICING
Di"cing, n.

1. An ornamenting in squares or cubes.

2. Gambling with dice. J. R. Green.

DICKCISSEL
Dick*cis"sel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American black-throated bunting (Spiza Americana).

DICKENS
Dick"ens, n. or interj. Etym: [Perh. a contr. of the dim. devilkins.]

Defn: The devil. [A vulgar euphemism.]
I can not tell what the dickens his name is. Shak.

DICKER
Dick"er, n. Etym: [Also daker, dakir; akin to Icel. dekr, Dan. deger,
G. decher; all prob. from LL. dacra, dacrum, the number ten, akin to
L. decuria a division consisting of ten, fr. decem ten. See Ten.]

1. The number or quantity of ten, particularly ten hides or skins; a
dakir; as, a dicker of gloves. [Obs.]
A dicker of cowhides. Heywood.

2. A chaffering, barter, or exchange, of small wares; as, to make a
dicker. [U.S.]
For peddling dicker, not for honest sales. Whittier.

DICKER
Dick"er, v. i. & t.

Defn: To negotiate a dicker; to barter. [U.S.] "Ready to dicker. and
to swap." Cooper.

DICKEY; DICKY
Dick"ey, Dick"y, n.

1. A seat behind a carriage, for a servant.

2. A false shirt front or bosom.

3. A gentleman's shirt collar. [Local, U. S.]

DICLINIC
Di*clin"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Having two of the intersections between the three axes oblique.
See Crystallization.

DICLINOUS
Dic"li*nous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having the stamens and pistils in separate flowers. Gray.

DICOCCOUS
Di*coc"cous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Composed pf two coherent, one-seeded carpels; as, a dicoccous
capsule.

DICOTYLEDON
Di*cot`y*le"don, n. Etym: [Pref. di- + cotyledon.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant whose seeds divide into two seed lobes, or cotyledons,
in germinating.

DICOTYLEDONOUS
Di*cot`y*le"don*ous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having two cotyledons or seed lobes; as, a dicotyledonous
plant.

DICROTAL; DICROTOUS
Di"cro*tal, Di"cro*tous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Dicrotic.

DICROTIC
Di*crot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)
(a) Of or pertaining to dicrotism; as, a dicrotic pulse.
(b) Of or pertaining to the second expansion of the artery in the
dicrotic pulse; as, the dicrotic wave.

DICROTISM
Di"cro*tism, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: A condition in which there are two beats or waves of the
arterial pulse to each beat of the heart.

DICTA
Dic"ta, n. pl. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Dictum.

DICTAGRAPH
Dic"ta*graph.

Defn: Var. of Dictograph.

DICTAMEN
Dic*ta"men, n. Etym: [LL., fr. dictare to dictate.]

Defn: A dictation or dictate. [R.] Falkland.

DICTAMNUS
Dic*tam"nus, n. Etym: [L. See Dittany.] (Bot.)

Defn: A suffrutescent, D. Fraxinella (the only species), with strong
perfume and showy flowers. The volatile oil of the leaves is highly
inflammable.

DICTAPHONE
Dic"ta*phone, n.  [Dictate + -phone, as in telephone.]

Defn: A form of phonographic recorder and reproducer adapted for use
in dictation, as in business.

DICTATE
Dic"tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dictated; p. pr. & vb. n. Dictating.]
Etym: [L. dictatus, p. p. of dictare, freq. of dicere to say. See
Diction, and cf. Dight.]

1. To tell or utter so that another may write down; to inspire; to
compose; as, to dictate a letter to an amanuensis.
The mind which dictated the Iliad. Wayland.
Pages dictated by the Holy Spirit. Macaulay.

2. To say; to utter; to communicate authoritatively; to deliver (a
command) to a subordinate; to declare with authority; to impose; as,
to dictate the terms of a treaty; a general dictates orders to his
troops.
Whatsoever is dictated to us by God must be believed. Watts.

Syn.
 -- To suggest; prescribe; enjoin; command; point out; urge;
admonish.

DICTATE
Dic"tate, v. i.

1. To speak as a superior; to command; to impose conditions (on).
Who presumed to dictate to the sovereign. Macaulay.

2. To compose literary works; to tell what shall be written or said
by another.
Sylla could not skill of letters, and therefore knew not how to
dictate. Bacon.

DICTATE
Dic"tate, n. Etym: [L. dictatum. See Dictate, v. t.]

Defn: A statement delivered with authority; an order; a command; an
authoritative rule, principle, or maxim; a prescription; as, listen
to the dictates of your conscience; the dictates of the gospel.
I credit what the Grecian dictates say. Prior.

Syn.
 -- Command; injunction; direction suggestion; impulse; admonition.

DICTATION
Dic*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. dictatio.]

1. The act of dictating; the act or practice of prescribing; also
that which is dictated.
It affords security against the dictation of laws. Paley.

2. The speaking to, or the giving orders to, in an overbearing
manner; authoritative utterance; as, his habit, even with friends,
was that of dictatio.

DICTATOR
Dic*ta"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. One who dictates; one who prescribes rules and maxims
authoritatively for the direction of others. Locke.

2. One invested with absolute authority; especially, a magistrate
created in times of exigence and distress, and invested with
unlimited power.
Invested with the authority of a dictator, nay, of a pope, over our
language. Macaulay.

DICTATORIAL
Dic`ta*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. dictatorial.]

1. Pertaining or suited to a dictator; absolute.
Military powers quite dictatorial. W. Irving.

2. Characteristic of a dictator; imperious; dogmatical; overbearing;
as, a dictatorial tone or manner.
 -- Dic`ta*to"ri*al*ly, adv.
 -- Dic`ta*to"ri*al*ness, n.

DICTATORIAN
Dic`ta*to"ri*an, a.

Defn: Dictatorial. [Obs.]

DICTATORSHIP
Dic*ta"tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office, or the term of office, of a dictator; hence,
absolute power.

DICTATORY
Dic"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. dictatorius.]

Defn: Dogmatical; overbearing; dictatorial. Milton.

DICTATRESS
Dic*ta"tress, n.

Defn: A woman who dictates or commands.
Earth's chief dictatress, ocean's mighty queen. Byron.

DICTATRIX
Dic*ta"trix, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A dictatress.

DICTATURE
Dic*ta"ture, n. Etym: [L. dictatura: cf. F. dictature.]

Defn: Office of a dictator; dictatorship. [R.] Bacon.

DICTION
Dic"tion, n. Etym: [L. dicto a saying, a word, fr. dicere, dictum, to
say; akin to dicare to proclaim, and to E. teach, token: cf. F.
diction. See Teach, and cf. Benison, Dedicate, Index, Judge, Preach,
Vengeance.]

Defn: Choice of words for the expression of ideas; the construction,
disposition, and application of words in discourse, with regard to
clearness, accuracy, variety, etc.; mode of expression; language; as,
the diction of Chaucer's poems.
His diction blazes up into a sudden explosion of prophetic grandeur.
De Quincey.

Syn.
 -- Diction, Style, Phraseology. Style relates both to language and
thought; diction, to language only; phraseology, to the mechanical
structure of sentences, or the mode in which they are phrased. The
style of Burke was enriched with all the higher graces of
composition; his diction was varied and copious; his phraseology, at
times, was careless and cumbersome. "Diction is a general term
applicable alike to a single sentence or a connected composition.
Errors in grammar, false construction, a confused disposition of
words, or an improper application of them, constitute bad diction;
but the niceties, the elegancies, the peculiarities, and the beauties
of composition, which mark the genius and talent of the writer, are
what is comprehended under the name of style." Crabb.

DICTIONALRIAN
Dic`tion*al"ri*an, n.

Defn: A lexicographer. [R.]

DICTIONARY
Dic"tion*a*ry, n.; pl. Dictionaries. Etym: [Cf. F. dictionnaire. See
Diction.]

1. A book containing the words of a language, arranged
alphabetically, with explanations of their meanings; a lexicon; a
vocabulary; a wordbook.
I applied myself to the perusal of our writers; and noting whatever
might be of use to ascertain or illustrate any word or phrase,
accumulated in time the materials of a dictionary. Johnson.

2. Hence, a book containing the words belonging to any system or
province of knowledge, arranged alphabetically; as, a dictionary of
medicine or of botany; a biographical dictionary.

DICTOGRAPH
Dic"to*graph, n. [L. dictum a thing said + E. -graph.]

Defn: A telephonic instrument for office or other similar use, having
a sound-magnifying device enabling the ordinary mouthpiece to be
dispensed with. Much use has been made of it for overhearing, or for
recording, conversations for the purpose of obtaining evidence for
use in litigation.

 The makers of this instrument spell it dictograph.

DICTUM
Dic"tum, n.; pl. L. Dicta, E. Dictums. Etym: [L., neuter of dictus,
p. p. of dicere to say. See Diction, and cf. Ditto.]

1. An authoritative statement; a dogmatic saying; an apothegm.
A class of critical dicta everywhere current. M. Arnold.

2. (Law)
(a) A judicial opinion expressed by judges on points that do not
necessarily arise in the case, and are not involved in it.
(b) (French Law) The report of a judgment made by one of the judges
who has given it. Bouvier.
(c) An arbitrament or award.

DICTYOGEN
Dic*ty"o*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant with netveined leaves, and monocotyledonous embryos,
belonging to the class Dictyogenæ, proposed by Lindley for the orders
Dioscoreaceæ, Smilaceæ, Trilliaceæ, etc.

DICYANIDE
Di*cy"a*nide, n. Etym: [Pref. di- + cyanogen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of a binary type containing two cyanogen groups or
radicals; -- called also bicyanide.

DICYEMATA
Di`cy*e"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of worms parasitic in cephalopods. They are remarkable
for the extreme simplicity of their structure. The embryo exists in
two forms.

DICYEMID
Di`cy*e"mid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or belonging to the Dicyemata.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Dicyemata.

DICYNODONT
Di*cyn"o*dont, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: One of a group of extinct reptiles having the jaws armed with a
horny beak, as in turtles, and in the genus Dicynodon, supporting
also a pair of powerful tusks. Their remains are found in triassic
strata of South Africa and India.

DID
Did, imp.

Defn: of Do.

DIDACTIC; DIDACTICAL
Di*dac"tic, Di*dac"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. docere to teach: cf. F.
didactique. See Docile.]

Defn: Fitted or intended to teach; conveying instruction; preceptive;
instructive; teaching some moral lesson; as, didactic essays.
"Didactical writings." Jer. Taylor.
The finest didactic poem in any language. Macaulay.

DIDACTIC
Di*dac"tic, n.

Defn: A treatise on teaching or education. [Obs.] Milton.

DIDACTICALLY
Di*dac"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a didactic manner.

DIDACTICISM
Di*dac"ti*cism, n.

Defn: The didactic method or system.

DIDACTICITY
Di`dac*tic"i*ty, n.

Defn: Aptitude for teaching. Hare.

DIDACTICS
Di*dac"tics, n.

Defn: The art or science of teaching.

DIDACTYL
Di*dac"tyl, n. Etym: [Gr. didactyle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal having only two digits.

DIDACTYLOUS
Di*dac"tyl*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having only two digits; two-toed.

DIDAL
Di"dal, n.

Defn: A kind of triangular spade. [Obs.]

DIDAPPER
Di"dap`per, n. Etym: [For divedapper. See Dive, Dap, Dip, and cf.
Dabchick.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Dabchick.

DIDASCALAR
Di*das"ca*lar, a.

Defn: Didascalic. [R.]

DIDASCALIC
Di`das*cal"ic, a. Etym: [L. didascalius, Gr. didascalique.]

Defn: Didactic; preceptive. [R.] Prior.

DIDDLE
Did"dle, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Daddle.]

Defn: To totter, as a child in walking. [Obs.] Quarles.

DIDDLE
Did"dle, v. t. Etym: [Perh. from AS. dyderian to deceive, the letter
r being changed to l.]

Defn: To cheat or overreach. [Colloq.] Beaconsfield.

DIDDLER
Did"dler, n.

Defn: A cheat. [Colloq.] Jeremy Diddler, a character in a play by
James Kenney, entitled "Raising the wind." The name is applied to any
needy, tricky, constant borrower; a confidence man.

DIDELPHIA
Di*del"phi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The subclass of Mammalia which includes the marsupials. See
Marsupialia.

DIDELPHIAN
Di*del"phi*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or relating to the Didelphia.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Didelphia.

DIDELPHIC
Di*del"phic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the uterus double; of or pertaining to the Didelphia.

DIDELPHID
Di*del"phid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Didelphic.

DIDELPHID
Di*del"phid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marsupial animal.

DIDELPHOUS
Di*del"phous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Didelphic.

DIDELPHOUS
Di*del"phous, n. Etym: [NL. See Didelphia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Formerly, any marsupial; but the term is now restricted to an
American genus which includes the opossums, of which there are many
species. See Opossum. [Written also Didelphis.] See Illustration in
Appendix. Cuvier.

DIDELPHYC
Di*del"phyc, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Didelphic.

DIDELPHYS
Di*del"phys, n. [NL. See Didelphia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Formerly, any marsupial; but the term is now restricted to an
American genus which includes the opossums, of which there are many
species. See Opossum. [Written also Didelphis.] See Illustration in
Appendix.  Cuvier.

DIDINE
Di"dine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the genus Didus, or the dodo.

DIDO
Di"do, n.; pl. Didos (.

Defn: A shrewd trick; an antic; a caper. To cut a dido, to play a
trick; to cut a caper; -- perhaps so called from the trick of Dido,
who having bought so much land as a hide would cover, is said to have
cut it into thin strips long enough to inclose a spot for a citadel.

DIDONIA
Di*do"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. So called in allusion to the classical
story of Dido and the bull's hide.] (Geom.)

Defn: The curve which on a given surface and with a given perimeter
contains the greatest area. Tait.

DIDRACHM; DIDRACHMA
Di"drachm, Di*drach"ma, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A two-drachma piece; an ancient Greek silver coin, worth nearly
forty cents.

DIDST
Didst

Defn: , the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.

DIDUCEMENT
Di*duce"ment, n.

Defn: Diduction; separation into distinct parts. Bacon.

DIDUCTION
Di*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. diductio, fr. diducere, diductum, to draw
apart; di- = dis- + ducere to lead, draw.]

Defn: The act of drawing apart; separation.

DIDYM
Di"dym, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Didymium.

DIDYMIUM
Di*dym"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic substance usually associated with the metal
cerium; -- hence its name. It was formerly supposed to be an element,
but has since been found to consist of two simpler elementary
substances, neodymium and praseodymium. See Neodymium, and
Praseodymium.

DIDYMOUS
Did"y*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing in pairs or twins.

DIDYNAMIA
Did`y*na"mi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan class of plants having four stamens disposed in pairs
of unequal length.

DIDYNAMIAN
Did`y*na"mi*an, a.

Defn: Didynamous.

DIDYNAMOUS
Di*dyn"a*mous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Didynamia; containing four stamens
disposed in pairs of unequal length.

DIE
Die, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Died; p. pr. & vb. n. Dying.] Etym: [OE.
deyen, dien, of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. deyja; akin to Dan. döe, Sw.
dö, Goth. diwan (cf. Goth. afd to harass), OFries. d to kill, OS.
doian to die, OHG. touwen, OSlav. daviti to choke, Lith. dovyti to
torment. Cf. Dead, Death.]

1. To pass from an animate to a lifeless state; to cease to live; to
suffer a total and irreparable loss of action of the vital functions;
to become dead; to expire; to perish; -- said of animals and
vegetables; often with of, by, with, from, and rarely for, before the
cause or occasion of death; as, to die of disease or hardships; to
die by fire or the sword; to die with horror at the thought.
To die by the roadside of grief and hunger. Macaulay.
She will die from want of care. Tennyson.

2. To suffer death; to lose life.
In due time Christ died for the ungodly. Rom. v. 6.

3. To perish in any manner; to cease; to become lost or extinct; to
be extinguished.
Letting the secret die within his own breast. Spectator.
Great deeds can not die. Tennyson.

4. To sink; to faint; to pine; to languish, with weakness,
discouragement, love, etc.
His heart died within, and he became as a stone. 1 Sam. xxv. 37.
The young men acknowledged, in love letters, that they died for
Rebecca. Tatler.

5. To become indifferent; to cease to be subject; as, to die to
pleasure or to sin.

6. To recede and grow fainter; to become imperceptible; to vanish; --
often with out or away.
Blemishes may die away and disappear amidst the brightness.
Spectator.

7. (Arch.)

Defn: To disappear gradually in another surface, as where moldings
are lost in a sloped or curved face.

8. To become vapid, flat, or spiritless, as liquor. To die in the
last ditch, to fight till death; to die rather than surrender.
"There is one certain way," replied the Prince [William of Orange] "
by which I can be sure never to see my country's ruin, -- I will die
in the last ditch." Hume (Hist. of Eng. ).
-- To die out, to cease gradually; as, the prejudice has died out.

Syn.
 -- To expire; decease; perish; depart; vanish.

DIE
Die, n.; pl. in 1 and (usually) in 2, Dice (dis); in 4 & 5, Dies
(diz). Etym: [OE. dee, die, F. dé, fr. L. datus given, thrown, p. p.
of dare to give, throw. See Date a point of time.]

1. A small cube, marked on its faces with spots from one to six, and
used in playing games by being shaken in a box and thrown from it.
See Dice.

2. Any small cubical or square body.
Words . . . pasted upon little flat tablets or dies. Watts.

3. That which is, or might be, determined, by a throw of the die;
hazard; chance.
Such is the die of war. Spenser.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: That part of a pedestal included between base and cornice; the
dado.

5. (Mach.)
(a) A metal or plate (often one of a pair) so cut or shaped as to
give a certain desired form to, or impress any desired device on, an
object or surface, by pressure or by a blow; used in forging metals,
coining, striking up sheet metal, etc.
(b) A perforated block, commonly of hardened steel used in connection
with a punch, for punching holes, as through plates, or blanks from
plates, or for forming cups or capsules, as from sheet metal, by
drawing.
(c) A hollow internally threaded screw-cutting tool, made in one
piece or composed of several parts, for forming screw threads on
bolts, etc.; one of the separate parts which make up such a tool.
Cutting die (Mech.), a thin, deep steel frame, sharpened to a cutting
edge, for cutting out articles from leather, cloth, paper, etc.
 -- The die is cast, the hazard must be run; the step is taken, and
it is too late to draw back; the last chance is taken.

DIECIAN; DIECIOUS
Di*e"cian, a., Di*e"cious, a. (Bot.)

Defn: See Dioecian, and Dioecious.

DIEDRAL
Di*e"dral, a.

Defn: The same as Dihedral.

DIEGESIS
Di`e*ge"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A narrative or history; a recital or relation.

DIELECTRIC
Di`e*lec"tric, n. Etym: [Pref. dia- + electric.] (Elec.)

Defn: Any substance or medium that transmits the electric force by a
process different from conduction, as in the phenomena of induction;
a nonconductor. separating a body electrified by induction, from the
electrifying body.

DIELYTRA
Di*el"y*tra, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Dicentra.

DIENCEPHALON
Di`en*ceph"a*lon, n. Etym: [NL. See Dia-, and Encephalon.] (Anat.)

Defn: The interbrain or thalamencephalon; -- sometimes abbreviated to
dien. See Thalamencephalon.

DIERESIS
Di*er"e*sis, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Same as Diæresis.

DIESEL ENGINE; DIESEL MOTOR
Die"sel en`gine or mo`tor. [After Dr. Rudolf Diesel, of Munich, the
inventor.]

Defn: A type of internal-combustion engine in which the air drawn in
by the suction stroke is so highly compressed that the heat generated
ignites the fuel (usually crude oil), the fuel being automatically
sprayed into the cylinder under pressure. The Diesel engine has a
very high thermal efficiency.

DIESINKER
Die"sink`er, n.

Defn: An engraver of dies for stamping coins, medals, etc.

DIESINKING
Die"sink`ing, n.

Defn: The process of engraving dies.

DIES IRAE
Di"es I"ræ.

Defn: Day of wrath; -- the name and beginning of a famous mediæval
Latin hymn on the Last Judgment.

DIESIS
Di"e*sis, n.; pl. Dieses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A small interval, less than any in actual practice, but used in
the mathematical calculation of intervals.

2. (Print.)

Defn: The mark ||; -- called also double dagger.

DIES JURIDICUS
Di"es ju*rid"i*cus; pl. Dies juridici. Etym: [L.] (Law)

Defn: A court day.

DIES NON
Di"es non". Etym: [L. dies non juridicus.] (Law)

Defn: A day on which courts are not held, as Sunday or any legal
holiday.

DIESTOCK
Die"stock`, n.

Defn: A stock to hold the dies used for cutting screws.

DIET
Di"et, n. Etym: [F. diète, L. diaeta, fr. Gr.

1. Course of living or nourishment; what is eaten and drunk
habitually; food; victuals; fare. "No inconvenient diet." Milton.

2. A course of food selected with reference to a particular state of
health; prescribed allowance of food; regimen prescribed.
To fast like one that takes diet. Shak.
Diet kitchen, a kitchen in which diet is prepared for invalids; a
charitable establishment that provides proper food for the sick poor.

DIET
Di"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dieted; p. pr. & vb. n. Dieting.]

1. To cause to take food; to feed. [R.] Shak.

2. To cause to eat and drink sparingly, or by prescribed rules; to
regulate medicinally the food of.
She diets him with fasting every day. Spenser.

DIET
Di"et, v. i.

1. To eat; to take one's meals. [Obs.]
Let him . . . diet in such places, where there is good company of the
nation, where he traveleth. Bacon.

2. To eat according to prescribed rules; to ear sparingly; as, the
doctor says he must diet.

DIET
Di"et, n. Etym: [F. diète, LL. dieta, diaeta, an assembly, a day's
journey; the same word as diet course of living, but with the sense
changed by L. dies day: cf. G. tag dayReichstag.]

Defn: A legislative or administrative assembly in Germany, Poland,
and some other countries of Europe; a deliberative convention; a
council; as, the Diet of Worms, held in 1521.

DIETARIAN
Di`e*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who lives in accordance with prescribed rules for diet; a
dieter.

DIETARY
Di"et*a*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to diet, or to the rules of diet.

DIETARY
Di"et*a*ry, n.; pl. Dietaries (.

Defn: A rule of diet; a fixed allowance of food, as in workhouse,
prison, etc.

DIETER
Di"et*er, n.

Defn: One who diets; one who prescribes, or who partakes of, food,
according to hygienic rules.

DIETETIC; DIETETICAL
Di`e*tet"ic, Di`e*tet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. diététique. See Diet.]

Defn: Of or performance to diet, or to the rules for regulating the
kind and quantity of food to be eaten.

DIETETICALLY
Di`e*tet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dietetical manner.

DIETETICS
Di`e*tet"ics, n.

Defn: That part of the medical or hygienic art which relates to diet
or food; rules for diet.
To suppose that the whole of dietetics lies in determining whether or
not bread is more nutritive than potatoes. H. Spencer.

DIETETIST
Di`e*tet"ist, n.

Defn: A physician who applies the rules of dietetics to the cure of
diseases. Dunglison.

DIETHYLAMINE
Di*eth`yl*am"ine, n. Etym: [Pref. di- + ethylamine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, volatile, alkaline liquid, NH(C2H5)2, having a
strong fishy odor resembling that of herring or sardines. Cf.
Methylamine.

DIETIC
Di*et"ic, a.

Defn: Dietetic.

DIETICAL
Di*et"ic*al, a.

Defn: Dietetic. [R.] Ferrand.

DIETINE
Di"et*ine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. diétine.]

Defn: A subordinate or local assembly; a diet of inferior rank.

DIETIST; DIETITIAN
Di"et*ist, Di`e*ti"tian, n.

Defn: One skilled in dietetics. [R.]

DIFFAME
Dif*fame`, n. Etym: [See Defame.]

Defn: Evil name; bad reputation; defamation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DIFFARREATION
Dif*far`re*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. diffarreatio; dif- = farreum a spelt
cake. See Confarreation.]

Defn: A form of divorce, among the ancient Romans, in which a cake
was used. See Confarreation.

DIFFER
Dif"fer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Differed; p. pr. & vb. n. Differing.]
Etym: [L. differre; dif- = dis- + ferre to bear, carry: cf. F.
différer. See 1st Bear, and cf. Defer, Delay.]

1. To be or stand apart; to disagree; to be unlike; to be
distinguished; -- with from.
One star differeth from another star in glory. 1 Cor. xv. 41.
Minds differ, as rivers differ. Macaulay.

2. To be of unlike or opposite opinion; to disagree in sentiment; --
often with from or with.

3. To have a difference, cause of variance, or quarrel; to dispute;
to contend.
We 'll never differ with a crowded pit. Rowe.

Syn.
 -- To vary; disagree; dissent; dispute; contend; oppose; wrangle.
 -- To Differ with, Differ from. Both differ from and aiffer with are
used in reference to opinions; as, "I differ from you or with you in
that opinion."" In all other cases, expressing simple unlikeness,
differ from is used; as, these two persons or things differ entirely
from each other.
Severely punished, not for differing from us in opinion, but for
committing a nuisance. Macaulay.
Davidson, whom on a former occasion we quoted, to differ from him. M.
Arnold.
Much as I differ from him concerning an essential part of the
historic basis of religion. Gladstone.
I differ with the honorable gentleman on that point. Brougham.
If the honorable gentleman differs with me on that subject, I differ
as heartily with him, and shall always rejoice to differ. Canning.

DIFFER
Dif"fer, v. t.

Defn: To cause to be different or unlike; to set at variance. [R.]
But something 'ts that differs thee and me. Cowley.

DIFFERENCE
Dif"fer*ence, n. Etym: [F. différence, L. differentia.]

1. The act of differing; the state or measure of being different or
unlike; distinction; dissimilarity; unlikeness; variation; as, a
difference of quality in paper; a difference in degrees of heat, or
of light; what is the difference between the innocent and the guilty
Differencies of administration, but the same Lord. 1 Cor. xii. 5.

2. Disagreement in opinion; dissension; controversy; quarrel; hence,
cause of dissension; matter in controversy.
What was the difference It was a contention in public. Shak.
Away therefore went I with the constable, leaving the old warden and
the young constable to compose their difference as they could. T.
Ellwood.

3. That by which one thing differs from another; that which
distinguishes or causes to differ;; mark of distinction;
characteristic quality; specific attribute.
The marks and differences of sovereignty. Davies.

4. Choice; preference. [Obs.]
That now be chooseth with vile difference To be a beast, and lack
intelligence. Spenser.

5. (Her.)

Defn: An addition to a coat of arms to distinguish the bearings of
two persons, which would otherwise be the same. See Augmentation, and
Marks of cadency, under Cadency.

6. (Logic)

Defn: The quality or attribute which is added to those of the genus
to constitute a species; a differentia.

7. (Math.)

Defn: The quantity by which one quantity differs from another, or the
remainder left after subtracting the one from the other. Ascensional
difference. See under Ascensional.

Syn.
 -- Distinction; dissimilarity; dissimilitude; variation; diversity;
variety; contrariety; disagreement; variance; contest; contention;
dispute; controversy; debate; quarrel; wrangle; strife.

DIFFERENCE
Dif"fer*ence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Differenced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Differencing.]

Defn: To cause to differ; to make different; to mark as different; to
distinguish.
Thou mayest difference gods from men. Chapman.
Kings, in receiving justice and undergoing trial, are not differenced
from the meanest subject. Milton.
So completely differenced by their separate and individual characters
that we at once acknowledge them as distinct persons. Sir W. Scott.

DIFFERENT
Dif"fer*ent, a. Etym: [L. differens, -entis, p. pr. of differre: cf.
F. différent.]

1. Distinct; separate; not the same; other. "Five different
churches." Addison.

2. Of various or contrary nature, form, or quality; partially or
totally unlike; dissimilar; as, different kinds of food or drink;
different states of health; different shapes; different degrees of
excellence.
Men are as different from each other, as the regions in which they
are born are different. Dryden.

Note: Different is properly followed by from. Different to, for
different from, is a common English colloquialism. Different than is
quite inadmissible.

DIFFERENTIA
Dif`fer*en"ti*a, n.; pl. Differentiæ. Etym: [L. See Difference.]
(Logic)

Defn: The formal or distinguishing part of the essence of a species;
the characteristic attribute of a species; specific difference.

DIFFERENTIAL
Dif`fer*en"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. différentiel.]

1. Relating to or indicating a difference; creating a difference;
discriminating; special; as, differential characteristics;
differential duties; a differential rate.
For whom he produced differential favors. Motley.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a differential, or to differentials.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: Relating to differences of motion or leverage; producing
effects by such differences; said of mechanism. Differential
calculus. (Math.) See under Calculus.
 -- Differential coefficient, the limit of the ratio of the increment
of a function of a variable to the increment of the variable itself,
when these increments are made indefinitely small.
 -- Differential coupling, a form of slip coupling used in light
machinery to regulate at pleasure the velocity of the connected
shaft.
 -- Differential duties (Polit. Econ.), duties which are not imposed
equally upon the same products imported from different countries.
 -- Differential galvanometer (Elec.), a galvanometer having two
coils or circuits, usually equal, through which currents passing in
opposite directions are measured by the difference of their effect
upon the needle.
 -- Differential gearing, a train of toothed wheels, usually an
epicyclic train, so arranged as to constitute a differential motion.
 -- Differential motion, a mechanism in which a simple differential
combination produces such a change of motion or force as would, with
ordinary compound arrangements, require a considerable train of
parts. It is used for overcoming great resistance or producing very
slow or very rapid motion.
 -- Differential pulley. (Mach.) (a) A portable hoisting apparatus,
the same in principle as the differential windlass. (b) A hoisting
pulley to which power is applied through a differential gearing.
 -- Differential screw, a compound screw by which a motion is
produced equal to the difference of the motions of the component
screws.
 -- Differential thermometer, a thermometer usually with a U-shaped
tube terminating in two air bulbs, and containing a colored liquid,
used for indicating the difference between the temperatures to which
the two bulbs are exposed, by the change of position of the colored
fluid, in consequence of the different expansions of the air in the
bulbs. A graduated scale is attached to one leg of the tube.
 -- Differential windlass, or Chinese windlass, a windlass whose
barrel has two parts of different diameters. The hoisting rope winds
upon one part as it unwinds from the other, and a pulley sustaining
the weight to be lifted hangs in the bight of the rope. It is an
ancient example of a differential motion.

DIFFERENTIAL
Dif`fer*en"tial, n.

1. (Math.)

Defn: An increment, usually an indefinitely small one, which is given
to a variable quantity.

Note: According to the more modern writers upon the differential and
integral calculus, if two or more quantities are dependent on each
other, and subject to increments of value, their differentials need
not be small, but are any quantities whose ratios to each other are
the limits to which the ratios of the increments approximate, as
these increments are reduced nearer and nearer to zero.

2. A small difference in rates which competing railroad lines, in
establishing a common tariff, allow one of their number to make, in
order to get a fair share of the business. The lower rate is called a
differential rate. Differentials are also sometimes granted to
cities.

3. (Elec.)
(a) One of two coils of conducting wire so related to one another or
to a magnet or armature common to both, that one coil produces polar
action contrary to that of the other.
(b) A form of conductor used for dividing and distributing the
current to a series of electric lamps so as to maintain equal action
in all. Knight. Partial differential (Math.), the differential of a
function of two or more variables, when only one of the variables
receives an increment.
 -- Total differential (Math.), the differential of a function of two
or more variables, when each of the variables receives an increment.
The total differential of the function is the sum of all the partial
differentials.

DIFFERENTIALLY
Dif`fer*en"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In the way of differentiation.

DIFFERENTIATE
Dif`fer*en"ti*ate, v. t.

1. To distinguish or mark by a specific difference; to effect a
difference in, as regards classification; to develop differential
characteristics in; to specialize; to desynonymize.
The word then was differentiated into the two forms then and than.
Earle.
Two or more of the forms assumed by the same original word become
differentiated in signification. Dr. Murray.

2. To express the specific difference of; to describe the properties
of (a thing) whereby it is differenced from another of the same
class; to discriminate. Earle.

3. (Math.)

Defn: To obtain the differential, or differential coefficient, of;
as, to differentiate an algebraic expression, or an equation.

DIFFERENTIATE
Dif`fer*en"ti*ate, v. i. (Biol.)

Defn: To acquire a distinct and separate character. Huxley.

DIFFERENTIATION
Dif`fer*en`ti*a"tion, n.

1. The act of differentiating.
Further investigation of the Sanskrit may lead to differentiation of
the meaning of such of these roots as are real roots. J. Peile.

2. (Logic)

Defn: The act of distinguishing or describing a thing, by giving its
different, or specific difference; exact definition or determination.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: The gradual formation or production of organs or parts by a
process of evolution or development, as when the seed develops the
root and the stem, the initial stem develops the leaf, branches, and
flower buds; or in animal life, when the germ evolves the digestive
and other organs and members, or when the animals as they advance in
organization acquire special organs for specific purposes.

4. (Metaph.)

Defn: The supposed act or tendency in being of every kind, whether
organic or inorganic, to assume or produce a more complex structure
or functions.

DIFFERENTIATOR
Dif`fer*en"ti*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, differentiates.

DIFFERENTLY
Dif"fer*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a different manner; variously.

DIFFERINGLY
Dif"fer*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a differing or different manner. Boyle.

DIFFICILE
Dif"fi*cile, a. Etym: [L. difficilis: cf. F. difficile. See
Difficult.]

Defn: Difficult; hard to manage; stubborn. [Obs.] --
Dif"fi*cile*ness, n. [Obs.] Bacon.

DIFFICILITATE
Dif`fi*cil"i*tate, v. t.

Defn: To make difficult. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

DIFFICULT
Dif"fi*cult, a. Etym: [From Difficulty.]

1. Hard to do or to make; beset with difficulty; attended with labor,
trouble, or pains; not easy; arduous.

Note: Difficult implies the notion that considerable mental effort or
skill is required, or that obstacles are to be overcome which call
for sagacity and skill in the agent; as, a difficult task; hard work
is not always difficult work; a difficult operation in surgery; a
difficult passage in an author.
There is not the strength or courage left me to venture into the
wide, strange, and difficult world, alone. Hawthorne.

2. Hard to manage or to please; not easily wrought upon; austere;
stubborn; as, a difficult person.

Syn.
 -- Arduous; painful; crabbed; perplexed; laborious; unaccommodating;
troublesome. See Arduous.

DIFFICULT
Dif"fi*cult, v. t.

Defn: To render difficult; to impede; to perplex. [R.] Sir W. Temple.

DIFFICULTATE
Dif"fi*cult*ate, v. t.

Defn: To render difficult; to difficilitate. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

DIFFICULTLY
Dif"fi*cult*ly, adv.

Defn: With difficulty. Cowper.

DIFFICULTNESS
Dif"fi*cult*ness, n.

Defn: Difficulty. [R.] Golding.

DIFFICULTY
Dif"fi*cul*ty, n.; pl. Difficulties. Etym: [L. difficultas, fr.
difficilis difficult; dif- = dis- + facilis easy: cf. F. difficulté.
See Facile.]

1. The state of being difficult, or hard to do; hardness;
arduousness; -- opposed to easiness or facility; as, the difficulty
of a task or enterprise; a work of difficulty.
Not being able to promote them [the interests of life] on account of
the difficulty of the region. James Byrne.

2. Something difficult; a thing hard to do or to understand; that
which occasions labor or perplexity, and requires skill perseverance
to overcome, solve, or achieve; a hard enterprise; an obstacle; an
impediment; as, the difficulties of a science; difficulties in
theology.
They lie under some difficulties by reason of the emperor's
displeasure. Addison.

3. A controversy; a falling out; a disagreement; an objection; a
cavil.
Measures for terminating all local difficulties. Bancroft.

4. Embarrassment of affairs, especially financial affairs; -- usually
in the plural; as, to be in difficulties.
In days of difficulty and pressure. Tennyson.

Syn.
 -- Impediment; obstacle; obstruction; embarrassment; perplexity;
exigency; distress; trouble; trial; objection; cavil. See Impediment.

DIFFIDE
Dif*fide", v. i. Etym: [L. diffidere. See Diffident.]

Defn: To be distrustful. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

DIFFIDENCE
Dif"fi*dence, n. Etym: [L. diffidentia.]

1. The state of being diffident; distrust; want of confidence; doubt
of the power, ability, or disposition of others. [Archaic]
That affliction grew heavy upon me, and weighed me down even to a
diffidence of God's mercy. Donne.

2. Distrust of one's self or one's own powers; lack of self-reliance;
modesty; modest reserve; bashfulness.
It is good to speak on such questions with diffidence. Macaulay.
An Englishman's habitual diffidence and awkwardness of adress. W.
Irving.

Syn.
 -- Humility; bashfulness; distrust; suspicion; doubt; fear;
timidity; apprehension; hesitation. See Humility, and Bashfulness.

DIFFIDENCY
Dif"fi*den*cy, n.

Defn: See Diffidence. [Obs.]

DIFFIDENT
Dif"fi*dent, a. Etym: [L. diffidens, -entis, p. pr. of diffidere;
dif- = dis + fidere to trust; akin to fides faith. See Faith, and cf.
Defy.]

1. Wanting confidence in others; distrustful. [Archaic]
You were always extremely diffident of their success. Melmoth.

2. Wanting confidence in one's self; distrustful of one's own powers;
not self-reliant; timid; modest; bashful; characterized by modest
reserve.
The diffident maidens, Folding their hands in prayer. Longfellow.

Syn.
 -- Distrustful; suspicious; hesitating; doubtful; modest; bashful;
lowly; reserved.

DIFFIDENTLY
Dif"fi*dent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a diffident manner.
To stand diffidently against each other with their thoughts in battle
array. Hobbes.

DIFFIND
Dif*find, v. t. Etym: [L. diffindere, diffissum; dif- = findere to
split.]

Defn: To split. [Obs.] Bailey.

DIFFINE
Dif*fine", v. t.

Defn: To define. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DIFFINITIVE
Dif*fin"i*tive, a. Etym: [For definitive.]

Defn: Definitive; determinate; final. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

DIFFISSION
Dif*fis"sion, n. Etym: [See Diffind.]

Defn: Act of cleaving or splitting. [R.] Bailey.

DIFFLATION
Dif*fla"tion, n. Etym: [LL. difflatio, fr. L. difflare, difflatum, to
disperse by blowing.]

Defn: A blowing apart or away. [Obs.] Bailey.

DIFFLUENCE; DIFFLUENCY
Dif"flu*ence, Dif"flu*en*cy, n.

Defn: A flowing off on all sides; fluidity. [R.]

DIFFLUENT
Dif"flu*ent, a. Etym: [L. diffluens, p. pr. of diffluere to flow off;
dif- = dis- + fluere to flow.]

Defn: Flowing apart or off; dissolving; not fixed. [R.] Bailey.

DIFFORM
Dif"form`, a. Etym: [Cf. F. difforme, fr. L. dif- = dis- + forma
form. Cf. Deform.]

Defn: Irregular in form; -- opposed to uniform; anomalous; hence,
unlike; dissimilar; as, to difform corolla, the parts of which do not
correspond in size or proportion; difform leaves.
The unequal refractions of difform rays. Sir I. Newton.

DIFFORMITY
Dif*form"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. difformité. See Difform, Deformity.]

Defn: Irregularity of form; diversity of form; want of uniformity.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

DIFFRACT
Dif*fract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Diffracted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Diffracting.] Etym: [L. diffractus, p. p. of diffringere to break in
pieces; dif- = dis- + frangere to break. See Fracture.]

Defn: To break or separate into parts; to deflect, or decompose by
deflection, a

DIFFRACTION
Dif*frac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. diffraction.] (Opt.)

Defn: The deflection and decomposition of light in passing by the
edges of opaque bodies or through narrow slits, causing the
appearance of parallel bands or fringes of prismatic colors, as by
the action of a grating of fine lines or bars.
Remarked by Grimaldi (1665), and referred by him to a property of
light which he called diffraction. Whewell.
Diffraction grating. (Optics) See under Grating.
 -- Diffraction spectrum. (Optics) See under Spectrum.

DIFFRACTIVE
Dif*frac"tive, a.

Defn: That produces diffraction.

DIFFRANCHISE; DIFFRANCHISEMENT
Dif*fran"chise, Dif*fran"chise*ment.

Defn: See Disfranchise, Disfranchisement.

DIFFUSATE
Dif*fus"ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Material which, in the process of catalysis, has diffused or
passed through the separating membrane.

DIFFUSE
Dif*fuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Diffused; p. pr. & vb. n. Diffusing.]
Etym: [L. diffusus, p. p. of diffundere to pour out, to diffuse; dif-
= dis- + fundere to pour. See Fuse to melt.]

Defn: To pour out and cause to spread, as a fluid; to cause to flow
on all sides; to send out, or extend, in all directions; to spread;
to circulate; to disseminate; to scatter; as to diffuse information.
Thence diffuse His good to worlds and ages infinite. Milton.
We find this knowledge diffused among all civilized nations. Whewell.

Syn.
 -- To expand; spread; circulate; extend; scatter; disperse; publish;
proclaim.

DIFFUSE
Dif*fuse", v. i.

Defn: To pass by spreading every way, to diffuse itself.

DIFFUSE
Dif*fuse", a. Etym: [L. diffusus, p. p.]

Defn: Poured out; widely spread; not restrained; copious; full; esp.,
of style, opposed to concise or terse; verbose; prolix; as, a diffuse
style; a diffuse writer.
A diffuse and various knowledge of divine and human things. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Prolix; verbose; wide; copious; full. See Prolix.

DIFFUSED
Dif*fused", a.

Defn: Spread abroad; dispersed; loose; flowing; diffuse.
It grew to be a widely diffused opinion. Hawthorne.
-- Dif*fus"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Dif*fus"ed*ness, n.

DIFFUSELY
Dif*fuse"ly, adv.

Defn: In a diffuse manner.

DIFFUSENESS
Dif*fuse"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being diffuse; especially, in writing, the use
of a great or excessive number of word to express the meaning;
copiousness; verbosity; prolixity.

DIFFUSER
Dif*fus"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, diffuses.

DIFFUSIBILITY
Dif*fu`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being diffusible; capability of being poured or
spread out.

DIFFUSIBLE
Dif*fu"si*ble, a.

1. Capable of flowing or spreading in all directions; that may be
diffused.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Capable of passing through animal membranes by osmosis.

DIFFUSIBLENESS
Dif*fu"si*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Diffusibility.

DIFFUSION
Dif*fu"sion, n. Etym: [L. diffusio: cf. F. diffusion.]

1. The act of diffusing, or the state of being diffused; a spreading;
extension; dissemination; circulation; dispersion.
A diffusion of knowledge which has undermined superstition. Burke.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act of passing by osmosis through animal membranes, as in
the distribution of poisons, gases, etc., through the body. Unlike
absorption, diffusion may go on after death, that is, after the blood
ceases to circulate.

Syn.
 -- Extension; spread; propagation; circulation; expansion;
dispersion.

DIFFUSIVE
Dif*fu"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. diffusif.]

Defn: Having the quality of diffusing; capable of spreading every way
by flowing; spreading widely; widely reaching; copious; diffuse. "A
plentiful and diffusive perfume." Hare.

DIFFUSIVELY
Dif*fu"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a diffusive manner.

DIFFUSIVENESS
Dif*fu"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being diffusive or diffuse;
extensiveness; expansion; dispersion. Especially of style:
Diffuseness; want of conciseness; prolixity.
The fault that I find with a modern legend, it its diffusiveness.
Addison.

DIFFUSIVITY
Dif`fu*siv"i*ty, n.

Defn: Tendency to become diffused; tendency, as of heat, to become
equalized by spreading through a conducting medium.

DIG
Dig, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dug or Digged (; p. pr. & vb. n. Digging.
 -- Digged is archaic.] Etym: [OE. diggen, perh. the same word as
diken, dichen (see Dike, Ditch); cf. Dan. dige to dig, dige a ditch;
or akin to E. 1st dag.

1. To turn up, or delve in, (earth) with a spade or a hoe; to open,
loosen, or break up (the soil) with a spade, or other sharp
instrument; to pierce, open, or loosen, as if with a spade.
Be first to dig the ground. Dryden.

2. To get by digging; as, to dig potatoes, or gold.

3. To hollow out, as a well; to form, as a ditch, by removing earth;
to excavate; as, to dig a ditch or a well.

4. To thrust; to poke. [Colloq.]
You should have seen children . . . dig and push their mothers under
the sides, saying thus to them: Look, mother, how great a lubber doth
yet wear pearls. Robynson (More's Utopia).
To dig down, to undermine and cause to fall by digging; as, to dig
down a wall.
 -- To dig from, out of, out, or up, to get out or obtain by digging;
as, to dig coal from or out of a mine; to dig out fossils; to dig up
a tree. The preposition is often omitted; as, the men are digging
coal, digging iron ore, digging potatoes.
 -- To dig in, to cover by digging; as, to dig in manure.(b) To
entrench oneself so as to give stronger resistance; -- used of
warfare. Also figuratively, esp. in the phrase to dig in one's heels.

DIG
Dig, v. i.

1. To work with a spade or other like implement; to do servile work;
to delve.
Dig for it more than for hid treasures. Job iii. 21.
I can not dig; to beg I am ashamed. Luke xvi. 3.

2. (Mining)

Defn: To take ore from its bed, in distinction from making
excavations in search of ore.

3. To work like a digger; to study ploddingly and laboriously. [Cant,
U.S.]

DIG
Dig, n.

1. A thrust; a punch; a poke; as, a dig in the side or the ribs. See
Dig, v. t.,

4. [Colloq.]

2. A plodding and laborious student. [Cant, U.S.]

DIGAMIST
Dig"a*mist, n. Etym: [Gr. Bigamist.]

Defn: One who marries a second time; a deuterogamist. Hammond.

DIGAMMA
Di*gam"ma, n. Etym: [Gr. gammas placed one above the other.] (Gr.
Gram.)

Defn: A letter (

Note: This form identifies it with the Latin F, though in sound it is
said to have been nearer V. It was pronounced, probably, much like
the English W.

DIGAMMATE; DIGAMMATED
Di*gam"mate, Di*gam"mated, a.

Defn: Having the digamma or its representative letter or sound; as,
the Latin word vis is a digammated form of the Greek . Andrews.

DIGAMOUS
Dig"a*mous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a second marriage, that is, one after the death
of the first wife or the first husband.

DIGAMY
Dig"a*my, n. Etym: [Gr. Bigamy.]

Defn: Act, or state, of being twice married; deuterogamy. [R.]

DIGASTRIC
Di*gas"tric, a. Etym: [Gr. digastrique.] (Anat.)
(a) Having two bellies; biventral; -- applied to muscles which are
fleshy at each end and have a tendon in the middle, and esp. to the
muscle which pulls down the lower jaw.
(b) Pertaining to the digastric muscle of the lower jaw; as, the
digastric nerves.

DIGENEA
Di*ge"ne*a, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Trematoda in which alternate generations occur,
the immediate young not resembling their parents.

DIGENESIS
Di*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Pref. di- + genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: The faculty of multiplying in two ways; -- by ova fecundated by
spermatic fluid, and asexually, as by buds. See Parthenogenesis.

DIGENOUS
Dig"e*nous, a. Etym: [Pref. di- + -genous.] (Biol.)

Defn: Sexually reproductive. Digenous reproduction. (Biol.) Same as
Digenesis.

DIGERENT
Dig"er*ent, . Etym: [L. digerens, p. pr. of digerere. See Digest.]

Defn: Digesting. [Obs.] Bailey.

DIGEST
Di*gest", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Digested; p. pr. & vb. n. Digesting.]
Etym: [L. digestus, p. p. of digerere to separate, arrange, dissolve,
digest; di- = dis- + gerere to bear, carry, wear. See Jest.]

1. To distribute or arrange methodically; to work over and classify;
to reduce to portions for ready use or application; as, to digest the
laws, etc.
Joining them together and digesting them into order. Blair.
We have cause to be glad that matters are so well digested. Shak.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: To separate (the food) in its passage through the alimentary
canal into the nutritive and nonnutritive elements; to prepare, by
the action of the digestive juices, for conversion into blood; to
convert into chyme.

3. To think over and arrange methodically in the mind; to reduce to a
plan or method; to receive in the mind and consider carefully; to get
an understanding of; to comprehend.
Feelingly digest the words you speak in prayer. Sir H. Sidney.
How shall this bosom multiplied digest The senate's courtesy Shak.

4. To appropriate for strengthening and comfort.
Grant that we may in such wise hear them [the Scriptures], read,
mark, learn, and inwardly digest them. Book of Common Prayer.

5. Hence: To bear comfortably or patiently; to be reconciled to; to
brook.
I never can digest the loss of most of Origin's works. Coleridge.

6. (Chem.)

Defn: To soften by heat and moisture; to expose to a gentle heat in a
boiler or matrass, as a preparation for chemical operations.

7. (Med.)

Defn: To dispose to suppurate, or generate healthy pus, as an ulcer
or wound.

8. To ripen; to mature. [Obs.]
Well-digested fruits. Jer. Taylor.

9. To quiet or abate, as anger or grief.

DIGEST
Di*gest", v. i.

1. To undergo digestion; as, food digests well or ill.

2. (Med.)

Defn: To suppurate; to generate pus, as an ulcer.

DIGEST
Di"gest, n. Etym: [L. digestum, pl. digesta, neut., fr. digestus, p.
p.: cf. F. digeste. See Digest, v. t.]

Defn: That which is digested; especially, that which is worked over,
classified, and arranged under proper heads or titles; esp. (Law),

Defn: a compilation of statutes or decisions analytically arranged.
The term is applied in a general sense to the Pandects of Justinian
(see Pandect), but is also specially given by authors to compilations
of laws on particular topics; a summary of laws; as, Comyn's Digest;
the United States Digest.
A complete digest of Hindu and Mahommedan laws after the model of
Justinian's celebrated Pandects. Sir W. Jones.
They made a sort of institute and digest of anarchy, called the
Rights of Man. Burke.

DIGESTEDLY
Di*gest"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a digested or well-arranged manner; methodically.

DIGESTER
Di*gest"er, n.

1. One who digests.

2. A medicine or an article of food that aids digestion, or
strengthens digestive power.
Rice is . . . a great restorer of health, and a great digester. Sir
W. Temple.

3. A strong closed vessel, in which bones or other substances may be
subjected, usually in water or other liquid, to a temperature above
that of boiling, in order to soften them.

DIGESTIBILITY
Di*gest`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being digestible.

DIGESTIBLE
Di*gest"i*ble, a. Etym: [F. digestible, L. digestibilis.]

Defn: Capable of being digested.

DIGESTIBLENESS
Di*gest"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being digestible; digestibility.

DIGESTION
Di*ges"tion, n. Etym: [F. digestion, L. digestio.]

1. The act or process of digesting; reduction to order;
classification; thoughtful consideration.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The conversion of food, in the stomach and intestines, into
soluble and diffusible products, capable of being absorbed by the
blood.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Generation of pus; suppuration.

DIGESTIVE
Di*gest"ive, a. Etym: [F. digestif, L. digestivus.]

Defn: Pertaining to digestion; having the power to cause or promote
digestion; as, the digestive ferments.
Digestive cheese and fruit there sure will be. B. Jonson.
Digestive apparatus, the organs of food digestion, esp. the
alimentary canal and glands connected with it.
 -- Digestive salt, the chloride of potassium.

DIGESTIVE
Di*gest"ive, n.

1. That which aids digestion, as a food or medicine. Chaucer.
That digestive [a cigar] had become to me as necessary as the meal
itself. Blackw. Mag.

2. (Med.)
(a) A substance which, when applied to a wound or ulcer, promotes
suppuration. Dunglison.
(b) A tonic. [R.]

DIGESTOR
Di*gest"or, n.

Defn: See Digester.

DIGESTURE
Di*ges"ture, n.

Defn: Digestion. [Obs.] Harvey.

DIGGABLE
Dig"ga*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being dug.

DIGGER
Dig"ger, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, digs. Digger wasp (Zoöl.), any one of
the fossorial Hymenoptera.

DIGGERS
Dig"gers, n. pl.; sing. Digger. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A degraded tribe of California Indians; -- so called from their
practice of digging roots for food.

DIGGING
Dig"ging, n.

1. The act or the place of excavating.

2. pl.

Defn: Places where ore is dug; especially, certain localities in
California, Australia, and elsewhere, at which gold is obtained.
[Recent]

3. pl.

Defn: Region; locality. [Low]

DIGHT
Dight, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dight or Dighted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dighting.] Etym: [OF. dihten, AS. dihtan to dictate, command,
dispose, arrange, fr. L. dictare to say often, dictate, order; cf. G.
dichten to write poetry, fr. L. dictare. See Dictate.]

1. To prepare; to put in order; hence, to dress, or put on; to array;
to adorn. [Archaic] "She gan the house to dight." Chaucer.
Two harmless turtles, dight for sacrifice. Fairfax.
The clouds in thousand liveries dight. Milton.

2. To have sexual intercourse with. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DIGHTER
Dight"er, n.

Defn: One who dights. [Obs.]

DIGIT
Dig"it, n. Etym: [L. digitus finger; prob. akin to Gr. toe. Cf.
Dactyl.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the terminal divisions of a limb appendage; a finger or
toe.
The ruminants have the "cloven foot," i. e., two hoofed digits on
each foot. Owen.

2. A finger's breadth, commonly estimated to be three fourths of an
inch.

3. (Math.)

Defn: One of the ten figures or symbols, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9, by which all numbers are expressed; -- so called because of the
use of the fingers in counting and computing.

Note: By some authorities the symbol 0 is not included with the
digits.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: One twelfth part of the diameter of the sun or moon; -- a term
used to express the quantity of an eclipse; as, an eclipse of eight
digits is one which hides two thirds of the diameter of the disk.

DIGIT
Dig"it, v. t.

Defn: To point at or out with the finger. [R.]

DIGITAL
Dig"i*tal, a. Etym: [L. digitals.]

Defn: Of or performance to the fingers, or to digits; done with the
fingers; as, digital compression; digital examination.

DIGITALIN
Dig"i*tal`in, n. Etym: [Cf. F. digitaline.]
(a) (Med.) Any one of several extracts of foxglove (Digitalis), as
the "French extract," the "German extract," etc., which differ among
themselves in composition and properties.
(b) (Chem.) A supposedly distinct vegetable principle as the
essential ingredient of the extracts. It is a white, crystalline
substance, and is regarded as a glucoside.

DIGITALIS
Dig`i*ta"lis, n. Etym: [NL.: cf. F. digitale. So named (according to
Linnæus) from its finger-shaped corolla.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including the foxglove.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The dried leaves of the purple foxglove (Digitalis purpurea),
used in heart disease, disturbance of the circulation, etc.

DIGITATE
Dig"i*tate, v. t. Etym: [LL. digitatus, p. p. of digitare, fr. L.
digitus. See Digit.]

Defn: To point out as with the finger. [R.] Robinson (Eudoxa).

DIGITATE; DIGITATED
Dig"i*tate, Dig"i*ta`ted, a. Etym: [L. digitatus having fingers.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having several leaflets arranged, like the fingers of the hand,
at the extremity of a stem or petiole. Also, in general,
characterized by digitation.
 -- Dig"i*tate*ly, adv.

DIGITATION
Dig`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. digitation.]

Defn: A division into fingers or fingerlike processes; also, a
fingerlike process.

DIGITIFORM
Dig"i*ti*form, a. Etym: [L. digitus a finger + -form.]

Defn: Formed like a finger or fingers; finger-shaped; as, a
digitiform root.

DIGITIGRADE
Dig"i*ti*grade, a. Etym: [L. digitus finger, toe + gradi to step,
walk: cf. F. digitigrade.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Walking on the toes; -- distinguished from plantigrade.

DIGITIGRADE
Dig"i*ti*grade, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal that walks on its toes, as the cat, lion, wolf, etc.;
-- distinguished from a plantigrade, which walks on the palm of the
foot.

DIGITIPARTITE
Dig`i*ti*par"tite, a. Etym: [L. digitus finger + partite.] (Bot.)

Defn: Parted like the fingers.

DIGITIZE
Dig"i*tize, v. t. Etym: [Digit + -ize.]

Defn: To finger; as, to digitize a pen. [R.] Sir T. Browne. computers
to convert (information, a signal, an image) into a form expressible
in binary notation

DIGITORIUM
Dig`i*to"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. digitus a finger.]

Defn: A small dumb keyboard used by pianists for exercising the
fingers; -- called also dumb piano.

DIGITULE
Dig"i*tule, n. Etym: [L. digitulus, dim. of digitus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A little finger or toe, or something resembling one.

DIGLADIATE
Di*gla"di*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. digladiari; di- = dis- + gladius a
sword.]

Defn: To fight like gladiators; to contend fiercely; to dispute
violently. [Obs.]
Digladiating like Æschines and Demosthenes. Hales.

DIGLADIATION
Di*gla`di*a"tion, n.

Defn: Act of digladiating. [Obs.] "Sore digladiations and contest."
Evelyn.

DIGLOTTISM
Di*glot"tism, n. Etym: [Gr. Glottis.]

Defn: Bilingualism. [R.] Earle.

DIGLYPH
Di"glyph, n. Etym: [Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: A projecting face like the triglyph, but having only two
channels or grooves sunk in it.

DIGNATION
Dig*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. dignatio.]

Defn: The act of thinking worthy; honor. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

DIGNE
Digne, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. dignus. See Design.]

1. Worthy; honorable; deserving. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Suitable; adequate; fit. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. Haughty; disdainful. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DIGNIFICATION
Dig`ni*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [See Dignify.]

Defn: The act of dignifying; exaltation.

DIGNIFIED
Dig"ni*fied, a.

Defn: Marked with dignity; stately; as, a dignified judge.

DIGNIFY
Dig"ni*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dignified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dignifying.] Etym: [OF. dignifier, fr. LL. d; L. dignus worthy +
ficare (in comp.), facere to make. See Deign, and Fact.]

Defn: To invest with dignity or honor; to make illustrious; to give
distinction to; to exalt in rank; to honor.
Your worth will dignity our feast. B. Jonson.

Syn.
 -- To exalt; elevate; prefer; advance; honor; illustrate; adorn;
ennoble.

DIGNITARY
Dig"ni*ta*ry, n.; pl. Dignitaries. Etym: [Cf. F. dignitaire, fr. L.
dignitas.]

Defn: One who possesses exalted rank or holds a position of dignity
or honor; especially, one who holds an ecclesiastical rank above that
of a parochial priest or clergyman.

DIGNITY
Dig"ni*ty, n.; pl. Dignities. Etym: [OE. dignete, dignite, OF.
digneté, dignité, F. dignité, fr. L. dignitas, from dignus worthy.
See Dainty, Deign.]

1. The state of being worthy or honorable; elevation of mind or
character; true worth; excellence.

2. Elevation; grandeur.
The dignity of this act was worth the audience of kings. Shak.

3. Elevated rank; honorable station; high office, political or
ecclesiastical; degree of excellence; preferment; exaltation.
Macaulay.
And the king said, What honor and dignity hath been done to Mordecai
for this Esth. vi. 3.
Reuben, thou art my firstborn, . . . the excellency of dignity, and
the excellency of power. Gen. xlix. 3.

4. Quality suited to inspire respect or reverence; loftiness and
grace; impressiveness; stateliness; -- said of
A letter written with singular energy and dignity of thought
Macaulay.

5. One holding high rank; a dignitary.
These filthy dreamers . . . speak evil of dignities. Jude. 8.

6. Fundamental principle; axiom; maxim. [Obs.]
Sciences concluding from dignities, and principles known by
themselves. Sir T. Browne.

Syn.
 -- See Decorum. To stand upon one's dignity, to have or to affect a
high notion of one's own rank, privilege, or character.
They did not stand upon their dignity, nor give their minds to being
or to seeming as elegant and as fine as anybody else. R. G. White.

DIGNOTION
Dig*no"tion, n. Etym: [L. dignoscere to distinguish; di- = dis- +
gnoscere, noscere, to learn to know.]

Defn: Distinguishing mark; diagnostic. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

DIGONOUS
Dig"o*nous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having two angles. Smart.

DIGRAM
Di"gram, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A digraph.

DIGRAPH
Di"graph, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Two signs or characters combined to express a single
articulated sound; as ea in head, or th in bath.

DIGRAPHIC
Di*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a digraph. H. Sweet.

DIGRESS
Di*gress", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Digressed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Digressing.] Etym: [L. digressus, p. p. of digredi to go apart, to
deviate; di- = dis- + gradi to step, walk. See Grade.]

1. To step or turn aside; to deviate; to swerve; especially, to turn
aside from the main subject of attention, or course of argument, in
writing or speaking.
Moreover she beginneth to digress in latitude. Holland.
In the pursuit of an argument there is hardly room to digress into a
particular definition as often as a man varies the signification of
any term. Locke.

2. To turn aside from the right path; to transgress; to offend. [R.]
Thy abundant goodness shall excuse This deadly blot on thy digressing
son. Shak.

DIGRESS
Di*gress", n.

Defn: Digression. [Obs.] Fuller.

DIGRESSION
Di*gres"sion, n. Etym: [L. digressio: cf. F. digression.]

1. The act of digressing or deviating, esp. from the main subject of
a discourse; hence, a part of a discourse deviating from its main
design or subject.
The digressions I can not excuse otherwise, than by the confidence
that no man will read them. Sir W. Temple.

2. A turning aside from the right path; transgression; offense. [R.]
Then my digression is so vile, so base, That it will live engraven in
my face. Shak.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The elongation, or angular distance from the sun; -- said
chiefly of the inferior planets. [R.]

DIGRESSIONAL
Di*gres"sion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or having the character of, a digression;
departing from the main purpose or subject. T. Warton.

DIGRESSIVE
Di*gress"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. digressif.]

Defn: Departing from the main subject; partaking of the nature of
digression. Johnson.

DIGRESSIVELY
Di*gress"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of digression.

DIGUE
Digue, n. Etym: [F. See Dike.]

Defn: A bank; a dike. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

DIGYNIA
Di*gyn"i*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan order of plants having two styles.

DIGYNIAN; DIGYNOUS
Di*gyn"i*an, Dig"y*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. digyne.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Digynia; having two styles.

DIHEDRAL
Di*he"dral, a. Etym: [Gr. Diedral.]

Defn: Having two plane faces; as, the dihedral summit of a crystal.
Dihedral angle, the angular space contained between planes which
intersect. It is measured by the angle made by any two lines at right
angles to the two planes.

DIHEDRON
Di*he"dron, n. Etym: [See Dihedral.]

Defn: A figure with two sides or surfaces. Buchanan.

DIHEXAGONAL
Di`hex*ag"o*nal, a. Etym: [Pref. di- + hexagonal.]
(a) Consisting of two hexagonal parts united; thus, a dihexagonal
pyramid is composed of two hexagonal pyramids placed base to base.
(b) Having twelve similar faces; as, a dihexagonal prism.

DIIAMB
Di`i*amb", n.

Defn: A diiambus.

DIIAMBUS
Di`i*am"bus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Lambus.] (Pros.)

Defn: A double iambus; a foot consisting of two iambuses (

DIIODIDE
Di*i"o*dide (; 104), n. Etym: [Pref. di- + iodine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of a binary type containing two atoms of iodine; --
called also biniodide.

DIISATOGEN
Di`i*sat"o*gen, n. Etym: [Pref. di- + isatine + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A red crystalline nitrogenous substance or artificial
production, which by reduction passes directly to indigo.

DIJUDICANT
Di*ju"di*cant, n. Etym: [L. dijudicans, p. pr.]

Defn: One who dijudicates. [R.] Wood.

DIJUDICATE
Di*ju"di*cate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dijudicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dijucating.] Etym: [L. dijudicatus, p. p. of dijudicare to decide;
di- = dis- + judicare to judge.]

Defn: To make a judicial decision; to decide; to determine. [R.]
Hales.

DIJUDICATION
Di*ju`di*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. dijudicatio.]

Defn: The act of dijudicating; judgment. [R.] Cockeram.

DIKA
Di"ka, n. Etym: [Native West African name.]

Defn: A kind of food, made from the almondlike seeds of the Irvingia
Barteri, much used by natives of the west coast of Africa; -- called
also dika bread.

DIKE
Dike, n. Etym: [OE. dic, dike, diche, ditch, AS. d dike, ditch; akin
to D. dijk dike, G. deich, and prob. teich pond, Icel. d dike, ditch,
Dan. dige; perh. akin to Gr. dough; or perh. to Gr. Ditch.]

1. A ditch; a channel for water made by digging.
Little channels or dikes cut to every bed. Ray.

2. An embankment to prevent inundations; a levee.
Dikes that the hands of the farmers had raised . . . Shut out the
turbulent tides. Longfellow.

3. A wall of turf or stone. [Scot.]

4. (Geol.)

Defn: A wall-like mass of mineral matter, usually an intrusion of
igneous rocks, filling up rents or fissures in the original strata.

DIKE
Dike, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Diked; p. pr. & vb. n. Diking.] Etym: [OE.
diken, dichen, AS. dician to dike. See Dike.]

1. To surround or protect with a dike or dry bank; to secure with a
bank.

2. To drain by a dike or ditch.

DIKE
Dike, v. i.

Defn: To work as a ditcher; to dig. [Obs.]
He would thresh and thereto dike and delve. Chaucer.

DIKER
Dik"er, n.

1. A ditcher. Piers Plowman.

2. One who builds stone walls; usually, one who builds them without
lime. [Scot.]

DILACERATE
Di*lac"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dilacerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dilacerating.] Etym: [L. dilaceratus, p. p. of dilacerare to tear
apart; di- = dis- + lacerare to tear.]

Defn: To rend asunder; to tear to pieces. Sir T. Browne.

DILACERATION
Di*lac`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. dilaceratio: cf. F. dilacération.]

Defn: The act of rending asunder. Arbuthnot.

DILANIATE
Di*la"ni*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. dilaniatus, p. p. of dilaniare to
dilacerate; di- = dis- + laniare to tear to pieces.]

Defn: To rend in pieces; to tear. [R.] Howell.

DILANIATION
Di*la`ni*a"tion, n.

Defn: A rending or tearing in pieces; dilaceration. [R.]

DILAPIDATE
Di*lap"i*date, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dilapidated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dilapidating.] Etym: [L. dilapidare to scatter like stones; di- =
dis- + lapidare to throw stones, fr. lapis a stone. See Lapidary.]

1. To bring into a condition of decay or partial ruin, by misuse or
through neglect; to destroy the fairness and good condition of; --
said of a building.
If the bishop, parson, or vicar, etc., dilapidates the buildings, or
cuts down the timber of the patrimony. Blackstone.

2. To impair by waste and abuse; to squander.
The patrimony of the bishopric of Oxon was much dilapidated. Wood.

DILAPIDATE
Di*lap"i*date, v. i.

Defn: To get out of repair; to fall into partial ruin; to become
decayed; as, the church was suffered to dilapidate. Johnson.

DILAPIDATED
Di*lap"i*da`ted, a.

Defn: Decayed; fallen into partial ruin; injured by bad usage or
neglect.
A deserted and dilapidated buildings. Cooper.

DILAPIDATION
Di*lap`i*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. dilapidatio: cf. F. dilapidation.]

1. The act of dilapidating, or the state of being dilapidated,
reduced to decay, partially ruined, or squandered.
Tell the people that are relived by the dilapidation of their public
estate. Burke.

2. Ecclesiastical waste; impairing of church property by an
incumbent, through neglect or by intention.
The business of dilapidations came on between our bishop and the
Archibishop of York. Strype.

3. (Law)

Defn: The pulling down of a building, or suffering it to fall or be
in a state of decay. Burrill.

DILAPIDATOR
Di*lap"i*da`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dilapidateur.]

Defn: One who causes dilapidation. Strype.

DILATABILITY
Di*la`ta*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dilatabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being dilatable, or admitting expansion; --
opposed to contractibility. Ray.

DILATABLE
Di*lat"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. dilatable.]

Defn: Capable of expansion; that may be dilated; -- opposed to
contractible; as, the lungs are dilatable by the force of air; air is
dilatable by heat.

DILATATION
Dil`a*ta"tion, n. Etym: [OE. dilatacioun, F. dilatation, L.
dilatatio, fr. dilatare. See Dilate, and cf. 2d Dilation.]

1. Prolixity; diffuse discourse. [Obs.] "What needeth greater
dilatation" Chaucer.

2. The act of dilating; expansion; an enlarging on al

3. (Anat.)

Defn: A dilation or enlargement of a canal or other organ.

DILATATOR
Dil`a*ta"tor, n. Etym: [NL. Cf. L. dilatator a propagator.] (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which dilates any part; a dilator.

DILATE
Di*late", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dilated; p. pr. & vb. n. Dilating.]
Etym: [L. dilatare; either fr. di- = dis- + latus wide, not the same
word as latus, used as p. p. of ferre to bear (see Latitude); or fr.
dilatus, used as p. p. of differre to separate (see Delay, Tolerate,
Differ, and cf. Dilatory): cf. F. dilater.]

1. To expand; to distend; to enlarge or extend in all directions; to
swell; -- opposed to contract; as, the air dilates the lungs; air is
dilated by increase of heat.

2. To enlarge upon; to relate at large; to tell copiously or
diffusely. [R.]
Do me the favor to dilate at full What hath befallen of them and thee
till now. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To expand; swell; distend; enlarge; spread out; amplify;
expatiate.

DILATE
Di*late", v. i.

1. To grow wide; to expand; to swell or extend in all directions.
His heart dilates and glories in his strength. Addison.

2. To speak largely and copiously; to dwell in narration; to enlarge;
-- with on or upon.
But still on their ancient joys dilate. Crabbe.

DILATE
Di*late", a.

Defn: Extensive; expanded. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

DILATED
Di*lat"ed, a.

1. Expanded; enlarged. Shak.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Widening into a lamina or into lateral winglike appendages.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the margin wide and spreading.

DILATEDLY
Di*lat"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dilated manner. Feltham.

DILATER
Di*lat"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, dilates, expands, o r enlarges.

DILATION
Di*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. dilatio. See Dilatory.]

Defn: Delay. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

DILATION
Di*la"tion, n. Etym: [From dilate, v., cf. Dilatation, Dilator.]

Defn: The act of dilating, or the state of being dilated; expansion;
dilatation. Mrs. Browning.
At first her eye with slow dilation rolled. Tennyson.
A gigantic dilation of the hateful figure. Dickens.

DILATIVE
Di*lat"ive, a.

Defn: Causing dilation; tending to dilate, on enlarge; expansive.
Coleridge.

DILATOMETER
Dil`a*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Dilate + -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the dilatation or expansion of a
substance, especially of a fluid.

DILATOR
Di*lat"or, n. Etym: [See Dilate.]

1. One who, or that which, widens or expands.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle that dilates any part.

3. (Med.)

Defn: An instrument for expanding a part; as, a urethral dilator.

DILATORILY
Dil"a*to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: With delay; tardily.

DILATORINESS
Dil"a*to*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being dilatory; lateness; slowness; tardiness;
sluggishness.

DILATORY
Dil"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. dilatorius, fr. dilator a delayer, fr.
dilatus, used as p. p. of differe to defer, delay: cf. F. dilatoire.
See Dilate, Differ, Defer.]

1. Inclined to defer or put off what ought to be done at once; given
the procrastination; delaying; procrastinating; loitering; as, a
dilatory servant.

2. Marked by procrastination or delay; tardy; slow; sluggish; -- said
of actions or measures.
Alva, as usual, brought his dilatory policy to bear upon hiMotley.
Dilatory plea (Law), a plea designed to create delay in the trial of
a cause, generally founded upon some matter not connected with the
merits of the case.

Syn.
 -- Slow; delaying; sluggish; inactive; loitering; behindhand;
backward; procrastinating. See Slow.

DILDO
Dil"do, n.

Defn: A burden in popular songs. [Obs.]
Delicate burthens of dildos and fadings. Shak.

DILDO
Dil"do, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A columnar cactaceous plant of the West Indies (Cereus
Swartzii).

DILECTION
Di*lec"tion, n. Etym: [L. dilectio: dilection. See Diligent.]

Defn: Love; choice. [Obs.] T. Martin.

DILEMMA
Di*lem"ma, n. Etym: [L. dilemma, Gr. Lemma.]

1. (Logic)

Defn: An argument which presents an antagonist with two or more
alternatives, but is equally conclusive against him, whichever
alternative he chooses.

Note: The following are instances of the dilemma. A young rhetorician
applied to an old sophist to be taught the art of pleading, and
bargained for a certain reward to be paid when he should gain a
cause. The master sued for his reward, and the scholar endeavored to
dilemma. "If I gain my cause, I shall withhold your pay, because the
judge's award will be against you; if I lose it, I may withhold it,
because I shall not yet have gained a cause." "On the contrary," says
the master, "if you gain your cause, you must pay me, because you are
to pay me when you gain a cause; if you lose it, you must pay me,
because the judge will award it." Johnson.

2. A state of things in which evils or obstacles present themselves
on every side, and it is difficult to determine what course to
pursue; a vexatious alternative or predicament; a difficult choice or
position.
A strong dilemma in a desperate case! To act with infamy, or quit the
place. Swift.
Horns of a dilemma, alternatives, each of which is equally difficult
of encountering.

DILETTANT
Dil"et*tant`, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to dilettanteism; amateur; as, dilettant
speculation. Carlyle.

DILETTANT
Dil`et*tant", n.

Defn: A dilettante.
Though few art lovers can be connoisseurs, many are dilettants.
Fairholt.

DILETTANTE
Dil`et*tan"te, n.; pl. Dilettanti. Etym: [It., prop. p. pr. of
dillettare to take delight in, fr. L. delectare to delight. See
Delight, v. t.]

Defn: An admirer or lover of the fine arts; popularly, an amateur;
especially, one who follows an art or a branch of knowledge,
desultorily, or for amusement only.

The true poet is not an eccentric creature, not a mere artist living
only for art, not a dreamer or a dilettante, sipping the nectar of
existence, while he keeps aloof from its deeper interests. J. C.
Shairp.

DILETTANTEISH
Dil`et*tan"te*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat like a dilettante.

DILETTANTEISM
Dil`et*tan"te*ism, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being a dilettante; the desultory
pursuit of art, science, or literature.

DILETTANTISH
Dil`et*tant"ish, a.

Defn: Dilettanteish.

DILETTANTISM
Dil`et*tant"ism, n.

Defn: Same as Dilettanteism. F. Harrison.

DILIGENCE
Dil"i*gence, n. Etym: [F. diligence, L. diligentia.]

1. The quality of being diligent; carefulness; careful attention; --
the opposite of negligence.

2. Interested and persevering application; devoted and painstaking
effort to accomplish what is undertaken; assiduity in service.
That which ordinary men are fit for, I am qualified in; and the best
of me is diligence. Shak.

3. (Scots Law)

Defn: Process by which persons, lands, or effects are seized for
debt; process for enforcing the attendance of witnesses or the
production of writings. To do one's diligence, give diligence, use
diligence, to exert one's self; to make interested and earnest
endeavor.
And each of them doth all his diligence To do unto the festé
reverence. Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- Attention; industry; assiduity; sedulousness; earnestness;
constancy; heed; heedfulness; care; caution.
 -- Diligence, Industry. Industry has the wider sense of the two,
implying an habitual devotion to labor for some valuable end, as
knowledge, property, etc. Diligence denotes earnest application to
some specific object or pursuit, which more or less directly has a
strong hold on one's interests or feelings. A man may be diligent for
a time, or in seeking some favorite end, without meriting the title
of industrious. Such was the case with Fox, while Burke was eminent
not only for diligence, but industry; he was always at work, and
always looking out for some new field of mental effort.
The sweat of industry would dry and die, But for the end it works to.
Shak.
Diligence and accuracy are the only merits which an historical writer
ascribe to himself. Gibbon.

DILIGENCE
Di`li*gence", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A four-wheeled public stagecoach, used in France.

DILIGENCY
Dil"i*gen*cy, n. Etym: [L. diligentia.]

Defn: Diligence; care; persevering endeavor. [Obs.] Milton.

DILIGENT
Dil"i*gent, a. Etym: [F. diligent, L. diligens, -entis, p. pr. of
diligere, dilectum, to esteem highly, prefer; di- = dis- + legere to
choose. See Legend.]

1. Prosecuted with careful attention and effort; careful;
painstaking; not careless or negligent.
The judges shall make diligent inquisition. Deut. xix. 18.

2. Interestedly and perseveringly attentive; steady and earnest in
application to a subject or pursuit; assiduous; industrious.
Seest thou a man diligent in his business he shall stand before
kings. Prov. xxii. 29.
Diligent cultivation of elegant literature. Prescott.

Syn.
 -- Active; assiduous; sedulous; laborious; persevering; attentive;
industrious.

DILIGENTLY
Dil"i*gent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a diligent manner; not carelessly; not negligently; with
industry or assiduity.
Ye diligently keep commandments of the Lord your God. Deut. vi. 17.

DILL
Dill, n. Etym: [AS dile; akin to D. dille, OHG. tilli, G. dill,
dille, Sw. dill, Dan. dild.] (Bot.)

Defn: An herb (Peucedanum graveolens), the seeds of which are
moderately warming, pungent, and aromatic, and were formerly used as
a soothing medicine for children; -- called also dill-seed. Dr.
Prior.

DILL
Dill, v. t. Etym: [OE. dillen, fr. dul dull, a.]

Defn: To still; to calm; to soothe, as one in pain. [Obs.]

DILLING
Dil"ling, n.

Defn: A darling; a favorite. [Obs.]
Whilst the birds billing, Each one with his dilling. Drayton.

DILLUING
Dil*lu"ing, n. (Min.)

Defn: A process of sorting ore by washing in a hand sieve. [Written
also deluing.]

DILLY
Dil"ly, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. diligence.]

Defn: A kind of stagecoach. "The Derby dilly." J. H. Frere.

DILLY-DALLY
Dil"ly-dal`ly, v. i. Etym: [See Dally.]

Defn: To loiter or trifle; to waste time.

DILOGICAL
Di*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Ambiguous; of double meaning. [Obs.] T. Adams.

DILOGY
Dil"o*gy, n.; pl. Dilogies. Etym: [L. dilogia, Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: An ambiguous speech; a figure in which a word is used an
equivocal sense. [R.]

DILUCID
Di*lu"cid, a. Etym: [L. dilucidus, fr. dilucere to be light enough to
distinguish objects apart. See Lucid.]

Defn: Clear; lucid. [Obs.] Bacon.
 -- Di*lu"cid*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Di`lu*cid"i*ty, n. [Obs.]

DILUCIDATE
Di*lu"ci*date, v. t. Etym: [L. dilucidatus, p. p. of dilucidare.]

Defn: To elucidate. [Obs.] Boyle.

DILUCIDATION
Di*lu`ci*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. dilucidatio.]

Defn: The act of making clear. [Obs.] Boyle.

DILUENT
Dil"u*ent, a. Etym: [L. diluens, p. pr. diluere. See Dilute.]

Defn: Diluting; making thinner or weaker by admixture, esp. of water.
Arbuthnot.

DILUENT
Dil"u*ent, n.

1. That which dilutes.

2. (Med.)

Defn: An agent used for effecting dilution of the blood; a weak
drink.
There is no real diluent but water. Arbuthnot.

DILUTE
Di*lute", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Diluted; p. pr. & vb. n. Diluting.]
Etym: [L. dilutus, p. p. of diluere to wash away, dilute; di- = dis-
+ luere, equiv. to lavare to wash, lave. See Lave, and cf. Deluge.]

1. To make thinner or more liquid by admixture with something; to
thin and dissolve by mixing.
Mix their watery store. With the chyle's current, and dilute it more.
Blackmore.

2. To diminish the strength, flavor, color, etc., of, by mixing; to
reduce, especially by the addition of water; to temper; to attenuate;
to weaken.
Lest these colors should be diluted and weakened by the mixture of
any adventitious light. Sir I. Newton.

DILUTE
Di*lute", v. i.

Defn: To become attenuated, thin, or weak; as, it dilutes easily.

DILUTE
Di*lute", a. Etym: [L. dilutus, p. p.]

Defn: Diluted; thin; weak.
A dilute and waterish exposition. Hopkins.

DILUTED
Di*lut"ed, a.

Defn: Reduced in strength; thin; weak.
 -- Di*lut"ed*ly, adv.

DILUTENESS
Di*lute"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being dilute. Bp. Wilkins.

DILUTER
Di*lut"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, dilutes or makes thin, more liquid, or
weaker.

DILUTION
Di*lu"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dilution.]

Defn: The act of diluting, or the state of being diluted. Arbuthnot.

DILUVIAL
Di*lu"vi*al, a. Etym: [L. diluvialis. fr. diluvium.]

1. Of or pertaining to a flood or deluge, esp. to the great deluge in
the days of Noah; diluvian.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Effected or produced by a flood or deluge of water; -- said of
coarse and imperfectly stratified deposits along ancient or existing
water courses. Similar unstratified deposits were formed by the
agency of ice. The time of deposition has been called the Diluvian
epoch.

DILUVIALIST
Di*lu"vi*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who explains geological phenomena by the Noachian deluge.
Lyell.

DILUVIAN
Di*lu"vi*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. diluvien.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a deluge, esp. to the Noachian deluge;
diluvial; as, of diluvian origin. Buckland.

DILUVIATE
Di*lu"vi*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. diluviare.]

Defn: To run as a flood. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys.

DILUVIUM
Di*lu"vi*um, n.; pl. E. Diluviums, L. Diluvia. Etym: [L. diluvium.
See Dilute, Deluge.] (Geol.)

Defn: A deposit of superficial loam, sand, gravel, stones, etc.,
caused by former action of flowing waters, or the melting of glacial
ice.

Note: The accumulation of matter by the ordinary operation of water
is termed alluvium.

DIM
Dim, a. [Compar. Dimmer; superl. Dimmest.] Etym: [AS. dim; akin to
OFries. dim, Icel. dimmr: cf. MHG. timmer, timber; of uncertain
origin.]

1. Not bright or distinct; wanting luminousness or clearness; obscure
in luster or sound; dusky; darkish; obscure; indistinct; overcast;
tarnished.
The dim magnificence of poetry. Whewell.
How is the gold become dim! Lam. iv. 1.
I never saw The heavens so dim by day. Shak.
Three sleepless nights I passed in sounding on, Through words and
things, a dim and perilous way. Wordsworth.

2. Of obscure vision; not seeing clearly; hence, dull of
apprehension; of weak perception; obtuse.
Mine eye also is dim by reason of sorrow. Job xvii. 7.
The understanding is dim. Rogers.

Note: Obvious compounds: dim-eyed; dim-sighted, etc.

Syn.
 -- Obscure; dusky; dark; mysterious; imperfect; dull; sullied;
tarnished.

DIM
Dim, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dimmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Dimming.]

1. To render dim, obscure, or dark; to make less bright or distinct;
to take away the luster of; to darken; to dull; to obscure; to
eclipse.
A king among his courtiers, who dims all his attendants. Dryden.
Now set the sun, and twilight dimmed the ways. Cowper.

2. To deprive of distinct vision; to hinder from seeing clearly,
either by dazzling or clouding the eyes; to darken the senses or
understanding of.
Her starry eyes were dimmed with streaming tears. C. Pitt.

DIM
Dim, v. i.

Defn: To grow dim. J. C. Shairp.

DIMBLE
Dim"ble, n. Etym: [Prob. orig., a cavity, and the same word as
dimple. See Dimple.]

Defn: A bower; a dingle. [Obs.] Drayton.

DIME
Dime, n. Etym: [F. dîme tithe, OF. disme, fr. L. decimus the tenth,
fr. decem ten. See Decimal.]

Defn: A silver coin of the United States, of the value of ten cents;
the tenth of a dollar. Dime novel, a novel, commonly sensational and
trashy, which is sold for a dime, or ten cents.

DIMENSION
Di*men"sion, n. Etym: [L. dimensio, fr. dimensus, p. p. of dimetiri
to measure out; di- = dis- + metiri to measure: cf. F. dimension. See
Measure.]

1. Measure in a single line, as length, breadth, height, thickness,
or circumference; extension; measurement; -- usually, in the plural,
measure in length and breadth, or in length, breadth, and thickness;
extent; size; as, the dimensions of a room, or of a ship; the
dimensions of a farm, of a kingdom.
Gentlemen of more than ordinary dimensions. W. Irving.
Space of dimension, extension that has length but no breadth or
thickness; a straight or curved line.
 -- Space of two dimensions, extension which has length and breadth,
but no thickness; a plane or curved surface.
 -- Space of three dimensions, extension which has length, breadth,
and thickness; a solid.
 -- Space of four dimensions, as imaginary kind of extension, which
is assumed to have length, breadth, thickness, and also a fourth
imaginary dimension. Space of five or six, or more dimensions is also
sometimes assumed in mathematics.

2. Extent; reach; scope; importance; as, a project of large
dimensions.

3. (Math.)

Defn: The degree of manifoldness of a quantity; as, time is quantity
having one dimension; volume has three dimensions, relative to
extension.

4. (Alg.)

Defn: A literal factor, as numbered in characterizing a term. The
term dimensions forms with the cardinal numbers a phrase equivalent
to degree with the ordinal; thus, a2b2c is a term of five dimensions,
or of the fifth degree.

5. pl. (Phys.)

Defn: The manifoldness with which the fundamental units of time,
length, and mass are involved in determining the units of other
physical quantities. Thus, since the unit of velocity varies directly
as the unit of length and inversely as the unit of time, the
dimensions of velocity are said to be length ÷ time; the dimensions
of work are mass × (length)2 ÷ (time)2; the dimensions of density are
mass ÷ (length)3. Dimension lumber, Dimension scantling, or Dimension
stock (Carp.), lumber for building, etc., cut to the sizes usually in
demand, or to special sizes as ordered.
 -- Dimension stone, stone delivered from the quarry rough, but
brought to such sizes as are requisite for cutting to dimensions
given.

DIMENSIONAL
Di*men"sion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to dimension.

DIMENSIONED
Di*men"sioned, a.

Defn: Having dimensions. [R.]

DIMENSIONLESS
Di*men"sion*less, a.

Defn: Without dimensions; having no appreciable or noteworthy extent.
Milton.

DIMENSITY
Di*men"si*ty, n.

Defn: Dimension. [R.] Howell.

DIMENSIVE
Di*men"sive, a.

Defn: Without dimensions; marking dimensions or the limits.
Who can draw the soul's dimensive lines Sir J. Davies.

DIMERA
Dim"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) A division of Coleoptera, having two joints to the tarsi.
(b) A division of the Hemiptera, including the aphids.

DIMERAN
Dim"er*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Dimera.

DIMEROUS
Dim"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Composed of, or having, two parts of each kind.

Note: A dimerous flower has two sepals, two petals, two stamens, and
two pistils.

DIMETER
Dim"e*ter, a. Etym: [L. dimeter, Gr.

Defn: Having two poetical measures or meters.
 -- n.

Defn: A verse of two meters.

DIMETHYL
Di*meth"yl, n. Etym: [Pref. di- + methyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Ethane; -- sometimes so called because regarded as consisting
of two methyl radicals. See Ethane.

DIMETRIC
Di*met"ric, a. Etym: [See Dimeter, a.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: Same as Tetragonal. Dana.

DIMICATION
Dim`i*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. dimicatio, fr. dimicare to fight.]

Defn: A fight; contest. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

DIMIDIATE
Di*mid"i*ate, a. Etym: [L. dimidiatus, p. p. of dimidiare to halve,
fr. dimidius half. See Demi-.]

1. Divided into two equal parts; reduced to half in shape or form.

2. (Biol.)
(a) Consisting of only one half of what the normal condition
requires; having the appearance of lacking one half; as, a dimidiate
leaf, which has only one side developed.
(b) Having the organs of one side, or half, different in function
from the corresponding organs on the other side; as, dimidiate
hermaphroditism.

DIMIDIATE
Di*mid"i*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dimidiated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dimidiating.]

1. To divide into two equal parts. [Obs.] Cockeram.

2. (Her.)

Defn: To represent the half of; to halve.

DIMIDIATION
Di*mid`i*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. dimidiatio.]

Defn: The act of dimidiating or halving; the state of being
dimidiate.

DIMINISH
Di*min"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Diminished; p. pr. & vb. n.
Diminishing.] Etym: [Pref. di- (= L. dis-) + minish: cf. L.
diminuere, F. diminuer, OE. diminuen. See Dis-, and Minish.]

1. To make smaller in any manner; to reduce in bulk or amount; to
lessen; -- opposed to augment or increase.
Not diminish, but rather increase, the debt. Barrow.

2. To lessen the authority or dignity of; to put down; to degrade; to
abase; to weaken.
This doth nothing diminish their opinion. Robynson (More's Utopia).
I will diminish them, that they shall no more rule over the nations.
Ezek. xxix. 15.
O thou . . . at whose sight all the stars Hide their diminished
heads. Milton.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: To make smaller by a half step; to make (an interval) less than
minor; as, a diminished seventh.

4. To take away; to subtract.
Neither shall ye diminish aught from it. Deut. iv. 2.
Diminished column, one whose upper diameter is less than the lower.
 -- Diminished, or Diminishing, scale, a scale of gradation used in
finding the different points for drawing the spiral curve of the
volute. Gwilt.
 -- Diminishing rule (Arch.), a board cut with a concave edge, for
fixing the entasis and curvature of a shaft.
 -- Diminishing stile (Arch.), a stile which is narrower in one part
than in another, as in many glazed doors.

Syn.
 -- To decrease; lessen; abate; reduce; contract; curtail; impair;
degrade. See Decrease.

DIMINISH
Di*min"ish, v. i.

Defn: To become or appear less or smaller; to lessen; as, the
apparent size of an object diminishes as we recede from it.

DIMINISHABLE
Di*min"ish*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being diminished or lessened.

DIMINISHER
Di*min"ish*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, diminishes anything. Clerke (1637).

DIMINISHINGLY
Di*min"ish*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner to diminish.

DIMINISHMENT
Di*min"ish*ment, n.

Defn: Diminution. [R.] Cheke.

DIMINUENDO
Di*min`u*en"do, adv. Etym: [It., p. pr. of diminuere to diminish.]
(Mus.)

Defn: In a gradually diminishing manner; with abatement of tone;
decrescendo; -- expressed on the staff by Dim., or Dimin., or the
sign.

DIMINUENT
Di*min"u*ent, a. Etym: [L. diminuens, p. pr. of diminuere. See
Diminish.]

Defn: Lessening. Bp. Sanderson.

DIMINUTAL
Dim`i*nu"tal, a.

Defn: Indicating or causing diminution. Earle.

DIMINUTE
Dim"i*nute, a.

Defn: Small; diminished; diminutive. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

DIMINUTELY
Dim"i*nute*ly, adv.

Defn: Diminutively. [Obs.]

DIMINUTION
Dim`i*nu"tion, n. Etym: [L. diminutio, or perh. rather deminutio: cf.
F. diminution. See Diminish.]

1. The act of diminishing, or of making or becoming less; state of
being diminished; reduction in size, quantity, or degree; -- opposed
to augmentation or increase.

2. The act of lessening dignity or consideration, or the state of
being deprived of dignity; a lowering in estimation; degradation;
abasement.
The world's opinion or diminution of me. Eikon Basilike.
Nor thinks it diminution to be ranked In military honor next.
Philips.

3. (Law)

Defn: Omission, inaccuracy, or defect in a record.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: In counterpoint, the imitation of, or reply to, a subject, in
notes of half the length or value of those the subject itself.

Syn.
 -- Decrease; decay; abatement; reduction; deduction; decrement.

DIMINUTIVAL
Di*min`u*ti"val, a.

Defn: Indicating diminution; diminutive. "Diminutival forms" [of
words]. Earle.
 -- n.

Defn: A diminutive. Earle.

DIMINUTIVE
Di*min"u*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. L. deminutivus, F. diminutif.]

1. Below the average size; very small; little.

2. Expressing diminution; as, a diminutive word.

3. Tending to diminish. [R.]
Diminutive of liberty. Shaftesbury.

DIMINUTIVE
Di*min"u*tive, n.

1. Something of very small size or value; an insignificant thing.
Such water flies, diminutives of nature. Shak.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A derivative from a noun, denoting a small or a young object of
the same kind with that denoted by the primitive; as, gosling,
eaglet, lambkin.
Babyisms and dear diminutives. Tennyson.

Note: The word sometimes denotes a derivative verb which expresses a
diminutive or petty form of the action, as scribble.

DIMINUTIVELY
Di*min"u*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a diminutive manner.

DIMINUTIVENESS
Di*min"u*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being diminutive; smallness; littleness;
minuteness.

DIMISH
Dim"ish, a.

Defn: See Dimmish.

DIMISSION
Di*mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. dimissio. See Dimit, and cf. Dismission.]

Defn: Leave to depart; a dismissing. [Obs.] Barrow.

DIMISSORY
Dim"is*so*ry, a. Etym: [L. dimissorius: cf. F. dimissoire. See
Dimit.]

Defn: Sending away; dismissing to another jurisdiction; granting
leave to depart. Letters dimissory (Eccl.), letters given by a bishop
dismissing a person who is removing into another diocese, and
recommending him for reception there. Hook.

DIMIT
Di*mit", v. t. Etym: [L. dimittere to send away, ledi- = dis- +
mittere to send. See Dismiss.]

Defn: To dismiss, let go, or release. [Obs.]

DIMITY
Dim"i*ty, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. Gr. diemet, of F. dimite, démitte. Cf.
Samite.]

Defn: A cotton fabric employed for hangings and furniture coverings,
and formerly used for women's under-garments. It is of many patterns,
both plain and twilled, and occasionally is printed in colors.

DIMLY
Dim"ly, adv.

Defn: In a dim or obscure manner; not brightly or clearly; with
imperfect sight.

DIMMISH; DIMMY
Dim"mish, Dim"my, a.

Defn: Somewhat dim; as, dimmish eyes. "Dimmy clouds." Sir P. Sidney.

DIMNESS
Dim"ness, n. Etym: [AS. dimness.]

1. The state or quality

2. Dullness, or want of clearness, of vision or of intellectual
perception. Dr. H. More.

Syn.
 -- Darkness; obscurity; gloom. See Darkness.

DIMORPH
Di"morph`, n. Etym: [Gr. Di-) + (Crystallog.)

Defn: Either one of the two forms of a dimorphous substance; as,
calcite and aragonite are dimorphs.

DIMORPHIC
Di*mor"phic, a.

Defn: Having the property of dimorphism; dimorphous.

DIMORPHISM
Di*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dimorphisme.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Difference of form between members of the same species, as when
a plant has two kinds of flowers, both hermaphrodite (as in the
partridge berry), or when there are two forms of one or both sexes of
the same species of butterfly.
Dimorphism is the condition of the appearance of the same species
under two dissimilar forms. Darwin.

2. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Crystallization in two independent forms of the same chemical
compound, as of calcium carbonate as calcite and aragonite.

DIMORPHOUS
Di*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. dimorphe.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Characterized by dimorphism; occurring under two distinct
forms, not dependent on sex; dimorphic.

2. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Crystallizing under two forms fundamentally different, while
having the same chemical composition.

DIMPLE
Dim"ple, n. Etym: [Prob. a nasalized dim. of dip. See Dip, and cf.
Dimble.]

1. A slight natural depression or indentation on the surface of some
part of the body, esp. on the cheek or chin. Milton.
The dimple of her chin. Prior.

2. A slight indentation on any surface.
The garden pool's dark surface . . . Breaks into dimples small and
bright. Wordsworth.

DIMPLE
Dim"ple, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dimpled; p. pr. & vb. n. Dimpling.]

Defn: To form dimples; to sink into depressions or little
inequalities.
And smiling eddies dimpled on the main. Dryden.

DIMPLE
Dim"ple, v. t.

Defn: To mark with dimples or dimplelike depressions. Shak.

DIMPLEMENT
Dim"ple*ment, n.

Defn: The state of being dimpled, or marked with gentle depressions.
[R.]
The ground's most gentle dimplement. Mrs. Browning.

DIMPLY
Dim"ply, a.

Defn: Full of dimples, or small depressions; dimpled; as, the dimply
pool. Thomson.

DIM-SIGHTED
Dim"-sight`ed, a.

Defn: Having dim sight; lacking perception.
 -- Dim"-sight`ed*ness, n.

DIMYA; DIMYARIA
Dim"y*a, Dim`y*a"ri*a (, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of lamellibranchiate mollusks having an anterior and
posterior adductor muscle, as the common clam. See Bivalve.

DIMYARIAN
Dim`y*a"ri*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the Dimya.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Dimya.

DIMYARY
Dim"y*a*ry, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Dimyarian.

DIN
Din, n. Etym: [AS. dyne, dyn; akin to Icel. dynr, and to AS. dynian
to resound, Icel. dynja to pour down like hail or rain; cf. Skr.
dhuni roaring, a torrent, dhvan to sound. Cf. Dun to ask payment.]

Defn: Loud, confused, harsh noise; a loud, continuous, rattling or
clanging sound; clamor; roar.
Think you a little din can daunt mine ears Shak.
He knew the battle's din afar. Sir W. Scott.
The dust and din and steam of town. Tennyson.

DIN
Din, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dinned; p. pr. & vb. n. Dinning.] Etym: [AS.
dynian. See Din, n.]

1. To strike with confused or clanging sound; to stun with loud and
continued noise; to harass with clamor; as, to din the ears with
cries.

2. To utter with a din; to repeat noisily; to ding.
This hath been often dinned in my ears. Swift.
To din into, to fix in the mind of another by frequent and noisy
repetitions. Sir W. Scott.

DIN
Din, v. i.

Defn: To sound with a din; a ding.
The gay viol dinning in the dale. A. Seward.

DINAPHTHYL
Di*naph"thyl, n. Etym: [Pref. di- + naphthylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, crystalline hydrocarbon, C20H14, obtained from
naphthylene, and consisting of a doubled naphthylene radical.

DINAR
Di"nar, n. Etym: [Ar. d, from Gr. denarius. See Denier.]

1. A petty money of accounts of Persia.

2. An ancient gold coin of the East.

DINARCHY
Di"nar*chy, n.

Defn: See Diarchy.

DINE
Dine, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dined; p. pr. & vb. n. Dining.] Etym: [F.
dîner, OF. disner, LL. disnare, contr. fr. an assumed disjunare; dis-
+ an assumed junare (OF. juner) to fast, for L. jejunare, fr. jejunus
fasting. See Jejune, and cf. Dinner, D.]

Defn: To eat the principal regular meal of the day; to take dinner.
Now can I break my fast, dine, sup, and sleep. Shak.
To dine with Duke Humphrey, to go without dinner; -- a phrase common
in Elizabethan literature, said to be from the practice of the poor
gentry, who beguiled the dinner hour by a promenade near the tomb of
Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, in Old Saint Paul's.

DINE
Dine, v. t.

1. To give a dinner to; to furnish with the chief meal; to feed; as,
to dine a hundred men.
A table massive enough to have dined Johnnie Armstrong and his merry
men. Sir W. Scott.

2. To dine upon; to have to eat. [Obs.] "What will ye dine." Chaucer.

DINER
Din"er, n.

Defn: One who dines.

DINER-OUT
Din"er-out`, n.

Defn: One who often takes his dinner away from home, or in company.
A brilliant diner-out, though but a curate. Byron.

DINETICAL
Di*net"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Revolving on an axis. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

DING
Ding, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dinged, Dang (Obs.), or Dung (Obs.); p. pr.
& vb. n. Dinging.] Etym: [OE. dingen, dengen; akin to AS. dencgan to
knock, Icel. dengja to beat, hammer, Sw. dänga, G. dengeln.]

1. To dash; to throw violently. [Obs.]
To ding the book a coit's distance from him. Milton.

2. To cause to sound or ring. To ding (anything) in one's ears, to
impress one by noisy repetition, as if by hammering.

DING
Ding, v. i.

1. To strike; to thump; to pound. [Obs.]
Diken, or delven, or dingen upon sheaves. Piers Plowman.

2. To sound, as a bell; to ring; to clang.
The fretful tinkling of the convent bell evermore dinging among the
mountain echoes. W. Irving.

3. To talk with vehemence, importunity, or reiteration; to bluster.
[Low]

DING
Ding, n.

Defn: A thump or stroke, especially of a bell.

DINGDONG
Ding"dong`, n. Etym: [See Ding.]

1. The sound of, or as of, repeated strokes on a metallic body, as a
bell; a repeated and monotonous sound.

2. (Horol.)

Defn: An attachment to a clock by which the quarter hours are struck
upon bells of different tones.

DINGDONG THEORY
Ding"dong` the"o*ry. (Philol.)

Defn: The theory which maintains that the primitive elements of
language are reflex expressions induced by sensory impressions; that
is, as stated by Max Müller, the creative faculty gave to each
general conception as it thrilled for the first time through the
brain a phonetic expression; -- jocosely so called from the analogy
of the sound of a bell induced by the stroke of the clapper.

DINGEY; DINGY; DINGHY
Din"gey, Din"gy, Din"ghy, n. Etym: [Bengalee dingi.]

1. A kind of boat used in the East Indies. [Written also dinghey.]
Malcom.

2. A ship's smallest boat.

DINGILY
Din"gi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dingy manner.

DINGINESS
Din"gi*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being dingy; a dusky hue.

DINGLE
Din"gle, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin: cf. AS. ding prison; or perh.
akin to dimble.]

Defn: A narrow dale; a small dell; a small, secluded, and embowered
valley.

DINGLE-DANGLE
Din"gle-dan`gle, adv.

Defn: In a dangling manner.

DINGO
Din"go, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wild dog found in Australia, but supposed to have introduced
at a very early period. It has a wolflike face, bushy tail, and a
reddish brown color.

DINGTHRIFT
Ding"thrift`, n.

Defn: A spendthrift. [Obs.]
Wilt thou, therefore, a drunkard be, A dingthrift and a knave Drant.

DINGY
Din"gy, a. [Compar. Dingier; superl. Dingiest.] Etym: [Prob. fr.
dung. Cf. Dungy.]

Defn: Soiled; sullied; of a dark or dusky color; dark brown; dirty.
"Scraps of dingy paper." Macaulay.

DINICHTHYS
Di*nich"thys, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of large extinct Devonian ganoid fishes. In some parts
of Ohio remains of the Dinichthys are abundant, indicating animals
twenty feet in length.

DINING
Din"ing, n. & a.

Defn: from Dine, a.

Note: Used either adjectively or as the first part of a compound; as,
dining hall or dining-hall, dining room, dining table, etc.

DINK
Dink, a. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Trim; neat. [Scot.] Burns.
 -- Dink"ly, adv.

DINK
Dink, v. t.

Defn: To deck; -- often with out or up. [Scot.]

DINMONT
Din"mont, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wether sheep between one and two years old. [Scot.]

DINNER
Din"ner, n. Etym: [F. dîner, fr. dîner to dine. See Dine.]

1. The principal meal of the day, eaten by most people about midday,
but by many (especially in cities) at a later hour.

2. An entertainment; a feast.
A grand political dinner. Tennyson.

Note: Dinner is much used, in an obvious sense, either adjectively or
as the first part of a compound; as, dinner time, or dinner-time,
dinner bell, dinner hour, etc.

DINNERLESS
Din"ner*less, a.

Defn: Having no dinner. Fuller.

DINNERLY
Din"ner*ly, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to dinner. [R.]
The dinnerly officer. Copley.

DINOCERAS
Di*noc"e*ras, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of large extinct Eocene mammals from Wyoming; -- called
also Uintatherium. See Illustration in Appendix.

Note: They were herbivorous, and remarkable for three pairs of
hornlike protuberances on the skull. The males were armed with a pair
of powerful canine tusks.

DINORNIS
Di*nor"nis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct, ostrichlike birds of gigantic size, which
formerly inhabited New Zealand. See Moa. [Written also Deinornis.]

DINOSAUR; DINOSAURIAN
Di"no*saur, Di`no*sau"ri*an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: One of the Dinosauria. [Written also deinosaur, and
deinosaurian.]

DINOSAURIA
Di`no*sau"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An order of extinct mesozoic reptiles, mostly of large size
(whence the name). Notwithstanding their size, they present birdlike
characters in the skeleton, esp. in the pelvis and hind limbs. Some
walked on their three-toed hind feet, thus producing the large "bird
tracks," so-called, of mesozoic sandstones; others were five-toed and
quadrupedal. See Illust. of Compsognathus, also Illustration of
Dinosaur in Appendix.

DINOTHERE; DINOTHERIUM
Di"no*there, Di`no*the"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. dinotherium, fr. Gr.
(Paleon.)

Defn: A large extinct proboscidean mammal from the miocene beds of
Europe and Asia. It is remarkable fora pair of tusks directed
downward from the decurved apex of the lower jaw.

DINOXIDE
Din*ox"ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Dioxide.

DINSOME
Din"some, a.

Defn: Full of din. [Scot.] Burns.

DINT
Dint, n. Etym: [OE. dint, dent, dunt, a blow, AS. dynt; akin to Icel.
dyntr a dint, dynta to dint, and perh. to L. fendere (in
composition). Cf. 1st Dent, Defend.]

1. A blow; a stroke. [Obs.] "Mortal dint." Milton. "Like thunder's
dint." Fairfax.

2. The mark left by a blow; an indentation or impression made by
violence; a dent. Dryden.
Every dint a sword had beaten in it [the shield]. Tennyson.

3. Force; power; -- esp. in the phrase by dint of.
Now you weep; and, I perceive, you feel The dint of pity. Shak.
It was by dint of passing strength That he moved the massy stone at
length. Sir W. Scott.

DINT
Dint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Dinting.]

Defn: To make a mark or cavity on or in, by a blow or by pressure; to
dent. Donne. Tennyson.

DINUMERATION
Di*nu`mer*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. dinumeratio; di- = dis- + numerare to
count, fr. numerus number.]

Defn: Enumeration. [Obs.] Bullokar.

DIOCESAN
Di*oc"e*san, a. Etym: [LL. dioecesanus: cf. F. diocésain.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a diocese; as, diocesan missions.

DIOCESAN
Di*oc"e*san, n.

1. A bishop, viewed in relation to his diocese; as, the diocesan of
New York.

2. pl.

Defn: The clergy or the people of a diocese. Strype.

DIOCESE
Di"o*cese, n.; pl. Dioceses. Etym: [OE. diocise, OF. diocise, F.
diocése, L. dioecesis, fr. Gr. Economy.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The circuit or extent of a bishop's jurisdiction; the district
in which a bishop exercises his ecclesiastical authority.
[Frequently, but improperly, spelt diocess.]

DIOCESENER
Di`o*ce"se*ner, n.

Defn: One who belongs to a diocese. [Obs.] Bacon.

DIODON
Di"o*don, n. Etym: [Gr. diodon.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of spinose, plectognath fishes, having the teeth of
each jaw united into a single beaklike plate. They are able to
inflate the body by taking in air or water, and, hence, are called
globefishes, swellfishes, etc. fishes, and sea hedgehogs.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of whales.

DIODONT
Di"o*dont, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the genus Diodon.
 -- n.

Defn: A fish of the genus Diodon, or an allied genus.

DIOECIA
Di*oe"ci*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan class of plants having the stamens and pistils on
different plants.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A subclass of gastropod mollusks in which the sexes are
separate. It includes most of the large marine species, like the
conchs, cones, and cowries.

DIOECIAN; DIOECIOUS
Di*oe"cian, Di*oe"cious, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Having the sexes in applied to plants in which the female
flowers occur on one individual and the male flowers on another of
the same species, and to animals in which the ovum is produced by one
individual and the sperm cell by another; -- opposed to monoecious.

DIOECIOUSLY
Di*oe"cious*ly, adv. (Biol.)

Defn: In a dioecious manner. Dioeciously hermaphrodite (Bot.), having
flowers structurally perfect, but practically dioecious, -- those on
one plant producing no pollen, and those on another no ovules.

DIOECIOUSNESS
Di*oe"cious*ness, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The state or quality of being dioecious.

DIOECISM
Di*oe"cism, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The condition of being dioecious.

DIOGENES
Di*og"e*nes, n.

Defn: A Greek Cynic philosopher (412-323 B. C.) who lived much in
Athens and was distinguished for contempt of the common aims and
conditions of life, and for sharp, caustic sayings. Diogenes' crab
(Zoöl.), a species of terrestrial hermit crabs (Cenobita Diogenes),
abundant in the West Indies and often destructive to crops.
 -- Diogenes' tub, the tub which the philosopher Diogenes is said to
have carried about with him as his house, in which he lived.

DIOICOUS
Di*oi"cous, a.

Defn: See Dioecious.

DIOMEDEA
Di*om`e*de"a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large sea birds, including the albatross. See
Albatross.

DIONAEA
Di`o*næ"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: An insectivorous plant. See Venus's flytrap.

DIONYSIA
Di`o*ny"si*a, n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. .] (Class. Antiq.)

Defn: Any of the festivals held in honor of the Olympian god
Dionysus. They correspond to the Roman Bacchanalia; the greater
Dionysia were held at Athens in March or April, and were celebrated
with elaborate performances of both tragedies and comedies.

DIONYSIAC
Di`o*ny"si*ac, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Dionysus or to the Dionysia; Bacchic; as, a
Dionysiac festival; the Dionysiac theater at Athens.

DIONYSIAN
Di`o*ny"sian, a.

Defn: Relating to Dionysius, a monk of the 6th century; as, the
Dionysian, or Christian, era. Dionysian period, a period of 532
years, depending on the cycle of the sun, or 28 years, and the cycle
of the moon, or 19 years; -- sometimes called the Greek paschal
cycle, or Victorian period.

DIOPHANTINE
Di`o*phan"tine, a.

Defn: Originated or taught by Diophantus, the Greek writer on
algebra. Diophantine analysis (Alg.), that branch of indeterminate
analysis which has for its object the discovery of rational values
that satisfy given equations containing squares or cubes; as, for
example, to find values of x and y which make x2 + y2 an exact
square.

DIOPSIDE
Di*op"side, n. Etym: [Gr. diopside.] (Min.)

Defn: A crystallized variety of pyroxene, of a clear, grayish green
color; mussite.

DIOPTASE
Di*op"tase, n. Etym: [Gr. dioptase.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous silicate of copper, occurring in emerald-green
crystals.

DIOPTER; DIOPTRA
Di*op"ter, Di*op"tra, n. Etym: [L. dioptra, fr. Gr. Dioptric.]

Defn: An optical instrument, invented by Hipparchus, for taking
altitudes, leveling, etc.

DIOPTRE
Di*op"tre, n. Etym: [F. See 2d Dioptric.] (Optics)

Defn: A unit employed by oculists in numbering glasses according to
the metric system; a refractive power equal to that of a glass whose
principal focal distance is one meter.

DIOPTRIC
Di*op"tric, a. (Optics)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the dioptre, or to the metric system of
numbering glasses.
 -- n.

Defn: A dioptre. See Dioptre.

DIOPTRIC; DIOPTRICAL
Di*op"tric, Di*op"tric*al, a. Etym: [Gr. dioptrique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to dioptrics; assisting vision by means of the
refraction of light; refractive; as, the dioptric system; a dioptric
glass or telescope. "Dioptrical principles." Nichol. Dioptric curve
(Geom.), a Cartesian oval. See under Cartesian.

DIOPTRICS
Di*op"trics, n. Etym: [Gr. dioptrique.] (Optics)

Defn: The science of the refraction of light; that part of
geometrical optics which treats of the laws of the refraction of
light in passing from one medium into another, or through different
mediums, as air, water, or glass, and esp. through different lenses;
-- distinguished from catoptrics, which refers to reflected light.

DIOPTRY
Di*op"try, n. (Optics)

Defn: A dioptre.

DIORAMA
Di`o*ra"ma, n. Etym: [Gr. diorama. Cf. Panorama.]

1. A mode of scenic representation, invented by Daguerre and Bouton,
in which a painting is seen from a distance through a large opening.
By a combination of transparent and opaque painting, and of
transmitted and reflected light, and by contrivances such as screens
and shutters, much diversity of scenic effect is produced.

2. A building used for such an exhibition.

DIORAMIC
Di`o*ram"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a diorama.

DIORISM
Di"o*rism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Definition; logical direction. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

DIORISTIC
Di`o*ris"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Distinguishing; distinctive; defining. [R.] --
Di`o*ris"tic*al*ly, adv. [R.] Dr. H. More.

DIORITE
Di"o*rite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. diorite. See Diorism.] (Min.)

Defn: An igneous, crystalline in structure, consisting essentially of
a triclinic feldspar and hornblende. It includes part of what was
called greenstone.

DIORITIC
Di`o*rit"ic, a.

Defn: Containing diorite.

DIORTHOTIC
Di`or*thot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Relating to the correcting or straightening out of something;
corrective.

DIOSCOREA
Di`os*co"re*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named after Dioscorides the Greek
physician.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants. See Yam.

DIOTA
Di*o"ta, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A vase or drinking cup having two handles or ears.

DIOXIDE
Di*ox"ide (; 104), n. Etym: [Pref. di- + oxide.] (Chem.)
(a) An oxide containing two atoms of oxygen in each molecule;
binoxide.
(b) An oxide containing but one atom or equivalent of oxygen to two
of a metal; a suboxide. [Obs.] Carbon dioxide. See Carbonic acid,
under Carbonic.

DIOXINDOL
Di`ox*in"dol, n. Etym: [Pref. di- + oxygen + indol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance obtained by the
reduction of isatin. It is a member of the indol series; -- hence its
name.

DIP
Dip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dipped or Dipt (p. pr. & vb. n. Dipping.]
Etym: [OE. dippen, duppen, AS. dyppan; akin to Dan. dyppe, Sw. doppa,
and to AS. d to baptize, OS. d, D. doopen, G. taufen, Sw. döpa, Goth.
daupjan, Lith. dubus deep, hollow, OSlav. dupl hollow, and to E.
dive. Cf. Deep, Dive.]

1. To plunge or immerse; especially, to put for a moment into a
liquid; to insert into a fluid and withdraw again.
The priest shall dip his finger in the blood. Lev. iv. 6.
[Wat'ry fowl] now dip their pinions in the briny deep. Pope.
While the prime swallow dips his wing. Tennyson.

2. To immerse for baptism; to baptize by immersion. Book of Common
Prayer. Fuller.

3. To wet, as if by immersing; to moisten. [Poetic]
A cold shuddering dew Dips me all o'er. Milton.

4. To plunge or engage thoroughly in any affair.
He was . . . dipt in the rebellion of the Commons. Dryden.

5. To take out, by dipping a dipper, ladle, or other receptacle, into
a fluid and removing a part; -- often with out; as, to dip water from
a boiler; to dip out water.

6. To engage as a pledge; to mortgage. [Obs.]
Live on the use and never dip thy lands. Dryden.
Dipped candle, a candle made by repeatedly dipping a wick in melted
tallow.
 -- To dip snuff, to take snuff by rubbing it on the gums and teeth.
[Southern U. S.] -- To dip the colors (Naut.), to lower the colors
and return them to place; -- a form of naval salute.

DIP
Dip, v. i.

1. To immerse one's self; to become plunged in a liquid; to sink.
The sun's rim dips; the stars rush out. Coleridge.

2. To perform the action of plunging some receptacle, as a dipper,
ladle. etc.; into a liquid or a soft substance and removing a part.
Whoever dips too deep will find death in the pot. L'Estrange.

3. To pierce; to penetrate; -- followed by in or into.
When I dipt into the future. Tennyson.

4. To enter slightly or cursorily; to engage one's self desultorily
or by the way; to partake limitedly; -- followed by in or into.
"Dipped into a multitude of books." Macaulay.

5. To incline downward from the plane of the horizon; as, strata of
rock dip.

6. To dip snuff. [Southern U.S.]

DIP
Dip, n.

1. The action of dipping or plunging for a moment into a liquid. "The
dip of oars in unison." Glover.

2. Inclination downward; direction below a horizontal line; slope;
pitch.

3. A liquid, as a sauce or gravy, served at table with a ladle or
spoon. [Local, U.S.] Bartlett.

4. A dipped candle. [Colloq.] Marryat. Dip of the horizon (Astron.),
the angular depression of the seen or visible horizon below the true
or natural horizon; the angle at the eye of an observer between a
horizontal line and a tangent drawn from the eye to the surface of
the ocean.
 -- Dip of the needle, or Magnetic dip, the angle formed, in a
vertical plane, by a freely suspended magnetic needle, or the line of
magnetic force, with a horizontal line; -- called also inclination.
 -- Dip of a stratum (Geol.), its greatest angle of inclination to
the horizon, or that of a line perpendicular to its direction or
strike; -- called also the pitch.

DIPASCHAL
Di*pas"chal, a. Etym: [Pref. di- + paschal.]

Defn: Including two passovers. Carpenter.

DIPCHICK
Dip"chick`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Dabchick.

DIPETALOUS
Di*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. di- + petalous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having two petals; two-petaled.

DIPHENYL
Di*phe"nyl, n. Etym: [Pref. di- + phenyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance, C6H5.C6H5, obtained by leading
benzene through a heated iron tube. It consists of two benzene or
phenyl radicals united.

DIPHTHERIA
Diph*the"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. membrane): cf. depsere to
knead.] (Med.)

Defn: A very dangerous contagious disease in which the air passages,
and especially the throat, become coated with a false membrane,
produced by the solidification of an inflammatory exudation. Cf.
Group.

DIPHTHERIAL; DIPHTHERIC
Diph*the"ri*al, Diph*ther"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to diphtheria; diphtheritic.

DIPHTHERITIC
Diph`the*rit"ic, a. (Med.)

1. Pertaining to, or connected with, diphtheria.

2. Having characteristics resembling those of diphtheria; as,
diphtheritic inflammation of the bladder.

DIPHTHONG
Diph"thong (; 115, 277), n. Etym: [L. diphthongus, Gr. diphthongue.]
(Orthoëpy)
(a) A coalition or union of two vowel sounds pronounced in one
syllable; as, ou in out, oi in noise; -- called a proper diphthong.
(b) A vowel digraph; a union of two vowels in the same syllable, only
one of them being sounded; as, ai in rain, eo in people; -- called an
improper diphthong.

DIPHTHONG
Diph"thong, v. t.

Defn: To form or pronounce as a diphthong; diphthongize. [R.]

DIPHTHONGAL
Diph*thon"gal, a.

Defn: Relating or belonging to a diphthong; having the nature of a
diphthong.
 -- Diph*thon"gal*ly, adv.

DIPHTHONGALIZE
Diph*thon"gal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make into a diphthong; to pronounce as a diphthong.

DIPHTHONGATION
Diph`thon*ga"tion, n.

Defn: See Diphthongization.

DIPHTHONGIC
Diph*thong"ic, a.

Defn: Of the nature of diphthong; diphthongal. H. Sweet.

DIPHTHONGIZATION
Diph`thong*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of changing into a diphthong. H. Sweet.

DIPHTHONGIZE
Diph"thong*ize, v. t. & i.

Defn: To change into a diphthong, as by affixing another vowel to a
simple vowel. "The diphthongized long vowels." H. Sweet.

DIPHYCERCAL
Diph`y*cer"cal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the tail fin divided into two equal parts by the
notochord, or end of the vertebral column; protocercal. See
Protocercal.

DIPHYGENIC
Diph`y*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. -genic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having two modes of embryonic development.

DIPHYLLOUS
Diph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. diphylle.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having two leaves, as a calyx, etc.

DIPHYODONT
Diph"y*o*dont, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having two successive sets of teeth (deciduous and permanent),
one succeeding the other; as, a diphyodont mammal; diphyodont
dentition; -- opposed to monophyodont.
 -- n.

Defn: An animal having two successive sets of teeth.

DIPHYOZOOID
Diph`y*o*zo"oid, n. Etym: [Gr. zooid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the free-swimming sexual zooids of Siphonophora.

DIPLANAR
Di*pla"nar, a. Etym: [Pref. di- + plane.] (Math.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to two planes.

DIPLEIDOSCOPE
Di*plei"do*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Astron.)

Defn: An instrument for determining the time of apparent noon. It
consists of two mirrors and a plane glass disposed in the form of a
prism, so that, by the reflections of the sun's rays from their
surfaces, two images are presented to the eye, moving in opposite
directions, and coinciding at the instant the sun's center is on the
meridian.

DIPLEX
Di"plex, a. [Pref. di- + -plex, as in duplex.] (Teleg.)

Defn: Pertaining to the sending of two messages in the same direction
at the same time. Diplex and contraplex are the two varieties of
duplex.

DIPLOBLASTIC
Dip`lo*blas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. -blast + -ic.] (Biol.)

Defn: Characterizing the ovum when it has two primary germinal
layers.

DIPLOCARDIAC
Dip`lo*car"di*ac, a. Etym: [Gr. cardiac.] (Anat.)

Defn: Having the heart completely divided or double, one side
systemic, the other pulmonary.

DIPLOCOCCUS
Dip`lo*coc"cus, n.; pl. Diplococci. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A form of micrococcus in which cocci are united in a binary
manner. See Micrococcus.

DIPLOE
Dip"lo*ë, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The soft, spongy, or cancellated substance between the plates
of the skull.

DIPLOETIC
Dip`lo*et"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Diploic.

DIPLOGENIC
Dip`lo*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Partaking of the nature of two bodies; producing two
substances. Wright.

DIPLOGRAPH
Dip"lo*graph, n. [Gr.  double + -graph.]

Defn: An instrument used for double writing, as one for producing
embossed writing for the blind and ordinary writing at the same time.
-- Dip`lo*graph"ic*al (#), a. -- Dip*log"ra*phy (#), n.

DIPLOIC
Di*plo"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the diploë.

DIPLOID
Dip"loid, n. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A solid bounded by twenty-four similar quadrilateral faces. It
is a hemihedral form of the hexoctahedron.

DIPLOMA
Di*plo"ma, n.; pl. Diplomas. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Double.]

Defn: A letter or writing, usually under seal, conferring some
privilege, honor, or power; a document bearing record of a degree
conferred by a literary society or educational institution.

DIPLOMACY
Di*plo"ma*cy, n. Etym: [F. diplomatie. This word, like supremacy,
retains the accent of its original. See Diploma.]

1. The art and practice of conducting negotiations between nations
(particularly in securing treaties), including the methods and forms
usually employed.

2. Dexterity or skill in securing advantages; tact.

3. The body of ministers or envoys resident at a court; the
diplomatic body. [R.] Burke.

DIPLOMAT; DIPLOMATE
Dip"lo*mat, Dip"lo*mate, n. Etym: [F. diplomate.]

Defn: A diplomatist.

DIPLOMATE
Dip"lo*mate, v. t.

Defn: To invest with a title o [R.] Wood.

DIPLOMATIAL
Dip`lo*ma"tial, a.

Defn: Diplomatic. [R.]

DIPLOMATIC; DIPLOMATICAL
Dip`lo*mat"ic, Dip`lo*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. diplomatique.]

1. Pertaining to diplomacy; relating to the foreign ministers at a
court, who are called the diplomatic body.

2. Characterized by tact and shrewdness; dexterous; artful; as,
diplomatic management.

3. Pertaining to diplomatics; paleographic. Astle.

DIPLOMATIC
Dip`lo*mat"ic, n.

Defn: A minister, official agent, or envoy to a foreign court; a
diplomatist.

DIPLOMATICALLY
Dip`lo*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to the rules of diplomacy; in the manner of a
diplomatist; artfully.

DIPLOMATICS
Dip`lo*mat"ics, n.

Defn: The science of diplomas, or the art of deciphering ancient
writings, and determining their age, authenticity, etc.; paleography.

DIPLOMATISM
Di*plo"ma*tism, n.

Defn: Diplomacy. [R.]

DIPLOMATIST
Di*plo"ma*tist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. diplomatiste a student of
diplomatics.]

Defn: A person employed in, or skilled in, diplomacy; a diplomat.
In ability, Avaux had no superior among the numerous able diplomatics
whom his country then possessed. Macaulay.

DIPLOPIA; DIPLOPY
Di*plo"pi*a, Dip"lo*py, n. Etym: [NL. diplopia, from Gr. diplopie.]
(Med.)

Defn: The act or state of seeing double.

Note: In crossed or heteronymous diplopia the image seen by the right
eye is upon the left hand, and that seen by the left eye is upon the
right hand. In homonymous diplopia the image seen by the right eye is
on the right side, that by the left eye on the left side. In vertical
diplopia one image stands above the other.

DIPLOPOD
Dip"lo*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Diplopoda.

DIPLOPODA
Di*plop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of myriapods having two pairs of legs on each segment;
the Chilognatha.

DIPLOSTEMONOUS
Dip`lo*stem"o*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having twice as many stamens as petals, as the geranium. R.
Brown.

DIPLOSTEMONY
Dip`lo*stem"o*ny, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The condition of being diplostemonous.

DIPNEUMONA
Dip*neu"mo*na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of spiders having only two lunglike organs. [Written
also Dipneumones.]

DIPNOI
Dip"no*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of ganoid fishes, including the living genera Ceratodus
and Lepidosiren, which present the closest approximation to the
Amphibia. The air bladder acts as a lung, and the nostrils open
inside the mouth. See Ceratodus, and Illustration in Appendix.

DIPODY
Dip"o*dy, n.; pl. Dipodies. Etym: [Gr. (Pros.)

Defn: Two metrical feet taken together, or included in one measure.
Hadley.
Trochaic, iambic, and anapestic verses . . . are measured by
dipodies. W. W. Goodwin.

DIPOLAR
Di*po"lar, a. Etym: [Pre. di- + polar. Cf. Bipolar.]

Defn: Having two poles, as a magnetic bar.

DIPPEL'S OIL
Dip"pel's oil`. (Chem.) Etym: [From the name of the inventor.]

Defn: See Bone oil, under Bone.

DIPPER
Dip"per, n.

1. One who, or that which, dips; especially, a vessel used to dip
water or other liquid; a ladle.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A small grebe; the dabchick.
(b) The buffel duck.
(c) The water ouzel (Cinolus aquaticus) of Europe.
(d) The American dipper or ouzel (Cinclus Mexicanus). The Dipper
(Astron.), the seven principal stars in the constellation of the
Great Bear; popularly so called from their arrangement in the form of
a dipper; -- called also Charles's Wain. See Ursa Major, under Ursa.

DIPPING
Dip"ping, n.

1. The act or process of immersing.

2. The act of inclining downward.

3. The act of lifting or moving a liquid with a dipper, ladle, or the
like.

4. The process of cleaning or brightening sheet metal or metalware,
esp. brass, by dipping it in acids, etc.

5. The practice of taking snuff by rubbing the teeth or gums with a
stick or brush dipped in snuff. [U.S.] Dipping needle, a magnetic
needle suspended at its center of gravity, and moving freely in a
vertical plane, so as to indicate on a graduated circle the magnetic
dip or inclination.

DIPRISMATIC
Di`pris*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Prefix di- + prismatic.]

Defn: Doubly prismatic.

DIPROPARGYL
Di`pro*par"gyl, n. Etym: [Prefix di- + propargyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A pungent, mobile, volatile liquid, C6H6, produced artificially
from certain allyl derivatives. Though isomeric with benzine, it is
very different in its chemical relations. Called also dipropinyl.

DIPROPYL
Di*pro"pyl, n. Etym: [Pref. di- + propyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the hexane paraffins, found in petroleum, consisting of
two propyl radicals. See Hexane.

DIPROTODON
Di*pro"to*don, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct Quaternary marsupial from Australia, about as large
as the hippopotamus; -- so named because of its two large front
teeth. See Illustration in Appendix.

DIPSAS
Dip"sas, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. A serpent whose bite was fabled to produce intense thirst. Milton.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of harmless colubrine snakes.

DIPSETIC
Dip*set"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Tending to produce thirst. Wright.

DIPSEY; DIPSIE; DIPSY
Dip"sey, Dip"sie, Dip"sy, a.

Defn: Deep-sea; as, a dipsey line; a dipsy lead. [Sailor's Cant]

DIPSEY; DIPSIE; DIPSY
Dip"sey, Dip"sie, Dip"sy, n.

1. A sinker attached to a fishing line; also, a line having several
branches, each with such a sinker, used in deep-sea fishing. [Local,
U. S.]

2.  (Naut.) A deep-sea lead. [Rare]

DIPSOMANIA
Dip`so*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid an uncontrollable craving (often periodic) for drink,
esp. for alcoholic liquors; also improperly used to denote acute and
chronic alcoholism.

DIPSOMANIAC
Dip`so*ma"ni*ac, n.

Defn: One who has an irrepressible desire for alcoholic drinks.

DIPSOMANIACAL
Dip`so*ma*ni"a*cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to dipsomania.

DIPSOSIS
Dip*so"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Excessive thirst produced by disease.

DIPTERA
Dip"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. diptère.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive order of insects having only two functional wings
and two balancers, as the house fly, mosquito, etc. They have a
suctorial proboscis, often including two pairs of sharp organs
(mandibles and maxillæ) with which they pierce the skin of animals.
They undergo a complete metamorphosis, their larvæ (called maggots)
being usually without feet.

DIPTERAL
Dip"ter*al, a.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having two wings only; belonging to the order Diptera.

2. (Anc. Arch.)

Defn: Having a double row of columns on each on the flanks, as well
as in front and rear; -- said of a temple.

DIPTERAN
Dip"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect of the order Diptera.

DIPTEROCARPUS
Dip`te*ro*car"pus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees found in the East Indies, some species of
which produce a fragrant resin, other species wood oil. The fruit has
two long wings.

DIPTEROUS
Dip"ter*ous, a.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having two wings, as certain insects; belonging to the order
Diptera.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having two wings; two-winged.

DIPTERYGIAN
Dip`ter*yg"i*an, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having two dorsal fins; -- said of certain fishes.

DIPTOTE
Dip"tote, n. Etym: [Gr. diptote.] (Gram.)

Defn: A noun which has only two cases. Andrews.

DIPTYCH
Dip"tych, n. Etym: [L. diptycha, pl., fr. Gr.

1. Anything consisting of two leaves. Especially:
(a) (Roman Antiq.) A writing tablet consisting of two leaves of rigid
material connected by hinges and shutting together so as to protect
the writing within.
(b) A picture or series of pictures painted on two tablets connected
by hinges. See Triptych.

2. A double catalogue, containing in one part the names of living,
and in the other of deceased, ecclesiastics and benefactors of the
church; a catalogue of saints.

DIPYRE
Di*pyre", n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of the scapolite group; -- so called from the double
effect of fire upon it, in fusing it, and rendering it
phosphorescent.

DIPYRENOUS
Di`py*re"nous, a. Etym: [Pref. di- + pyrene.] (Bot.)

Defn: Containing two stones or nutlets.

DIPYRIDINE
Di*pyr"i*dine (; 104), n. Etym: [Pref. di- + pyridine.] (Geom.)

Defn: A polymeric form of pyridine, C10H10N2, obtained as a colorless
oil by the action of sodium on pyridine.

DIPYRIDYL
Di*pyr"i*dyl, n. Etym: [Pref. di- + pyridine + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline nitrogenous base, C10H8N2, obtained by the
reduction of pyridine.

DIRADIATION
Di*ra`di*a"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. di- + radiation.]

Defn: The emission and diffusion of rays of light.

DIRE
Dire, a. [Compar. Direr; superl. Direst.] Etym: [L. dirus; of
uncertain origin.]

1. Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens.

2. Evil in great degree; dreadful; dismal; horrible; terrible;
lamentable.
Dire was the tossing, deep the groans. Milton.
Gorgons and hydras and chimeras dire. Milton.

DIRECT
Di*rect", a. Etym: [L. directus, p. p. of dirigere to direct: cf. F.
direct. See Dress, and cf. Dirge.]

1. Straight; not crooked, oblique, or circuitous; leading by the
short or shortest way to a point or end; as, a direct line; direct
means.
What is direct to, what slides by, the question. Locke.

2. Straightforward; not of crooked ways, or swerving from truth and
openness; sincere; outspoken.
Be even and direct with me. Shak.

3. Immediate; express; plain; unambiguous.
He howhere, that I know, says it in direct words. Locke.
A direct and avowed interference with elections. Hallam.

4. In the line of descent; not collateral; as, a descendant in the
direct line.

5. (Astron.)

Defn: In the direction of the general planetary motion, or from west
to east; in the order of the signs; not retrograde; -- said of the
motion of a celestial body. Direct action. (Mach.) See Direct-acting.
 -- Direct discourse (Gram.), the language of any one quoted without
change in its form; as, he said "I can not come;" -- correlative to
indirect discourse, in which there is change of form; as, he said
that he could not come. They are often called respectively by their
Latin names, oratio directa, and oratio obliqua.
 -- Direct evidence (Law), evidence which is positive or not
inferential; -- opposed to circumstantial, or indirect, evidence.
 -- This distinction, however, is merely formal, since there is no
direct evidence that is not circumstantial, or dependent on
circumstances for its credibility. Wharton.
 -- Direct examination (Law), the first examination of a witness in
the orderly course, upon the merits. Abbott.
 -- Direct fire (Mil.), fire, the direction of which is perpendicular
to the line of troops or to the parapet aimed at.
 -- Direct process (Metal.), one which yields metal in working
condition by a single process from the ore. Knight.
 -- Direct tax, a tax assessed directly on lands, etc., and polls,
distinguished from taxes on merchandise, or customs, and from excise.

DIRECT
Di*rect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Directed; p. pr. & vb. n. Directing.]

1. To arrange in a direct or straight line, as against a mark, or
towards a goal; to point; to aim; as, to direct an arrow or a piece
of ordnance.

2. To point out or show to (any one), as the direct or right course
or way; to guide, as by pointing out the way; as, he directed me to
the left-hand road.
The Lord direct your into the love of God. 2 Thess. iii. 5.
The next points to which I will direct your attention. Lubbock.

3. To determine the direction or course of; to cause to go on in a
particular manner; to order in the way to a certain end; to regulate;
to govern; as, to direct the affairs of a nation or the movements of
an army.
I will direct their work in truth. Is. lxi. 8.

4. To point out to with authority; to instruct as a superior; to
order; as, he directed them to go.
I 'll first direct my men what they shall do. Shak.

5. To put a direction or address upon; to mark with the name and
residence of the person to whom anything is sent; to superscribe; as,
to direct a letter.

Syn.
 -- To guide; lead; conduct; dispose; manage; regulate; order;
instruct; command.

DIRECT
Di*rect", v. i.

Defn: To give direction; to point out a course; to act as guide.
Wisdom is profitable to direct. Eccl. x. 10.

DIRECT
Di*rect", n. (Mus.)

Defn: A character, thus [ Moore (Encyc. of Music).

DIRECT-ACTING
Di*rect"-act`ing, a. (Mach.)

Defn: Acting directly, as one part upon another, without the
intervention of other working parts. Direct-acting steam engine, one
in which motion is transmitted to the crank without the intervention
of a beam or lever; -- also called direct-action steam engine.
 -- Direct-acting steam pump, one in which the steam piston rod is
directly connected with the pump rod; -- also called direct-action
steam pump.

DIRECT ACTION
Direct action. (Trade unions)

Defn: See Syndicalism, below.

DIRECT-COUPLED
Di*rect"-cou"pled, a.

Defn: Coupled without intermediate connections, as an engine and a
dynamo.

Direct-coupled antenna (Wireless Teleg.), an antenna connected
electrically with one point of a closed oscillation circuit in
syntony with it and earthed.

DIRECT CURRENT
Direct current. (Elec.)
 (a) A current flowing in one direction only; -- distinguished from
alternating current. When steady and not pulsating a direct current
is often called a continuous current.
 (b) A direct induced current, or momentary current of the same
direction as the inducing current, produced by stopping or removing
the latter; also, a similar current produced by removal of a magnet.

DIRECTER
Di*rect"er, n.

Defn: One who directs; a director. Directer plane (Geom.), the plane
to which all right-lined elements in a warped surface are parallel.

DIRECTION
Di*rec"tion, n. Etym: [L. directio: cf. F. direction.]

1. The act of directing, of aiming, regulating, guiding, or ordering;
guidance; management; superintendence; administration; as, the
direction o.
I do commit his youth To your direction. Shak.
All nature is but art, unknown to thee;direction, which thou canst
not see. Pope.

2. That which is imposed by directing; a guiding or authoritative
instruction; prescription; order; command; as, he grave directions to
the servants.
The princes digged the well . . . by the direction of the law giver.
Numb. xxi. 18.

3. The name and residence of a person to whom any thing is sent,
written upon the thing sent; superscription; address; as, the
direction of a letter.

4. The line or course upon which anything is moving or aimed to move,
or in which anything is lying or pointing; aim; line or point of
tendency; direct line or course; as, the ship sailed in a
southeasterly direction.

5. The body of managers of a corporation or enterprise; board of
directors.

6. (Gun.)

Defn: The pointing of a piece with reference to an imaginary vertical
axis; -- distinguished from elevation. The direction is given when
the plane of sight passes through the object. Wilhelm.

Syn.
 -- Administration; guidance; management; superintendence; oversight;
government; order; command; guide; clew. Direction, Control, Command,
Order. These words, as here compared, have reference to the exercise
of power over the actions of others. Control is negative, denoting
power to restrain; command is positive, implying a right to enforce
obedience; directions are commands containing instructions how to
act. Order conveys more prominently the idea of authority than the
word direction. A shipmaster has the command of his vessel; he gives
orders or directions to the seamen as to the mode of sailing it; and
exercises a due control over the passengers.

DIRECTIVE
Di*rect"ive, a. Etym: [LL. directivus: cf. F. directif.]

1. Having power to direct; tending to direct, guide, or govern;
showing the way. Hooker.
The precepts directive of our practice in relation to God. Barrow.

2. Able to be directed; manageable. [Obs.]
Swords and bows Directive by the limbs. Shak.

DIRECTLY
Di*rect"ly, adv.

1. In a direct manner; in a straight line or course. "To run directly
on." Shak.
Indirectly and directly too Thou hast contrived against the very life
Of the defendant. Shak.

2. In a straightforward way; without anything intervening; not by
secondary, but by direct, means.

3. Without circumlocution or ambiguity; absolutely; in express terms.
No man hath hitherto been so impious as plainly and directly to
condemn prayer. Hooker.

4. Exactly; just.
Stand you directly in Antonius' way. Shak.

5. Straightforwardly; honestly.
I have dealt most directly in thy affair. Shak.

6. Manifestly; openly. [Obs.]
Desdemona is directly in love with him. Shak.

7. Straightway; next in order; without delay; immediately. "Will she
go now to bed' Directly.'" Shak.

8. Immediately after; as soon as.
Directly he stopped, the coffin was removed. Dickens.

Note: This use of the word is common in England, especially in
colloquial speech, but it can hardly be regarded as a well-sanctioned
or desirable use. Directly proportional (Math.), proportional in the
order of the terms; increasing or decreasing together, and with a
constant ratio; -- opposed to inversely proportional.

Syn.
 -- Immediately; forthwith; straightway; instantly; instantaneously;
soon; promptly; openly; expressly.
 -- Directly, Immediately, Instantly, Instantaneously. Directly
denotes, without any delay or diversion of attention; immediately
implies, without any interposition of other occupation; instantly
implies, without any intervention of time. Hence, "I will do it
directly," means, "I will go straightway about it." "I will do it
immediately," means, "I will do it as the very next thing." "I will
do it instantly," allows not a particle of delay. Instantaneously,
like instantly, marks an interval too small to be appreciable, but
commonly relates to physical causes; as, the powder touched by fire
instantaneously exploded.

DIRECTNESS
Di*rect"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being direct; straightness; straightforwardness;
immediateness.

DIRECT NOMINATION
Direct nomination. (Political Science)

Defn: The nomination or designation of candidates for public office
by direct popular vote rather than through the action of a convention
or body of elected nominating representatives or delegates. The term
is applied both to the nomination of candidates without any
nominating convention, and, loosely, to the nomination effected, as
in the case of candidates for president or senator of the United
States, by the election of nominating representatives pledged or
instructed to vote for certain candidates dssignated by popular vote.

DIRECTOIRE STYLE
Di`rec`toire" style. (Dressmaking)

Defn: A style of dress prevalent at the time of the French Directory,
characterized by great extravagance of design and imitating the Greek
and Roman costumes.

DIRECTOR
Di*rect"or, n. Etym: [Cf. F. directeur.]

1. One who, or that which, directs; one who regulates, guides, or
orders; a manager or superintendent.
In all affairs thou sole director. Swift.

2. One of a body of persons appointed to manage the affairs of a
company or corporation; as, the directors of a bank, insurance
company, or railroad company.
What made directors cheat in South-Sea year Pope.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: A part of a machine or instrument which directs its motion or
action.

4. (Surg.)

Defn: A slender grooved instrument upon which a knife is made to
slide when it is wished to limit the extent of motion of the latter,
or prevent its injuring the parts beneath.

DIRECTORATE
Di*rect"o*rate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. directorat.]

Defn: The office of director; also, a body of directors taken
jointly.

DIRECTORIAL
Di*rec*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. directorial.]

1. Having the quality of a director, or authoritative guide;
directive.

2. Pertaining to: director or directory; specifically, relating to
the Directory of France under the first republic. See Directory, 3.
Whoever goes to the directorial presence under this passport. Burke.

DIRECTORSHIP
Di*rect"or*ship, n.

Defn: The condition or office of a director; directorate.

DIRECTORY
Di*rect"o*ry, a. Etym: [L. directorius.]

Defn: Containing directions; enjoining; instructing; directorial.

DIRECTORY
Di*rect"o*ry, n.; pl. Directories (.

1. A collection or body of directions, rules, or ordinances; esp., a
book of directions for the conduct of worship; as, the Directory used
by the nonconformists instead of the Prayer Book.

2. A book containing the names and residences of the inhabitants of
any place, or of classes of them; an address book; as, a business
directory.

3. Etym: [Cf. F. directoire.]

Defn: A body of directors; board of management; especially, a
committee which held executive power in France under the first
republic.

4. Direction; guide. [R.] Whitlock.

DIRECT PRIMARY
Direct primary. (Political Science)

Defn: A primary by which direct nominations of candidates for office
are made.

DIRECTRESS
Di*rect"ress, n.

Defn: A woman who directs. Bp. Hurd.

DIRECTRIX
Di*rect"rix, n.; pl. E. Directrixes (, L. Directrices (.

1. A directress. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

2. (Geom.)
(a) A line along which a point in another line moves, or which in any
way governs the motion of the point and determines the position of
the curve generated by it; the line along which the generatrix moves
in generating a surface.
(b) A straight line so situated with respect to a conic section that
the distance of any point of the curve from it has a constant ratio
to the distance of the same point from the focus.

DIREFUL
Dire"ful, a. Etym: [Dire + -ful.]

Defn: Dire; dreadful; terrible; calamitous; woeful; as, a direful
fiend; a direful day.
 -- Dire"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Dire"ful*ness, n.

DIRELY
Dire"ly, adv.

Defn: In a dire manner. Drayton.

DIREMPT
Di*rempt", a. Etym: [L. diremptus, p. p. of dirimere to take apart,
separate; di- = dis- + emere to buy, orig., to take.]

Defn: Divided; separated. [Obs.] Stow.

DIREMPT
Di*rempt", v. t.

Defn: To separate by force; to tear apart. [Obs.] Holinshed.

DIREMPTION
Di*remp"tion, n. Etym: [L. diremptio.]

Defn: A tearing apart; violent separation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

DIRENESS
Dire"ness, n. Etym: [Dire- + -ness.]

Defn: Terribleness; horror; woefulness. Shak.

DIREPTION
Di*rep"tion, n. Etym: [L. direptio, fr. diripere to tear asunder,
plunder; di- = dis- + rapere to seize and carry off.]

Defn: The act of plundering, despoiling, or snatching away. [R.]
Speed.

DIREPTITIOUS
Di*rep*ti"tious, a.

Defn: Characterized by direption. [R.] Encyc. Dict.

DIREPTITIOUSLY
Di*rep*ti"tious*ly, adv.

Defn: With plundering violence; by violent injustice. [R.] Strype.

DIRGE
Dirge, n. Etym: [Contraction of Lat. dirige, direct thou (imperative
of dirigere), the first word of a funeral hymn (Lat. transl. of Psalm
v. 8) beginning, "Dirige, Domine, in conspectu tuo vitam meam." See
Direct, a., and cf. Dirige.]

Defn: A piece of music of a mournful character, to accompany funeral
rites; a funeral hymn.
The raven croaked, and hollow shrieks of owls Sung dirges at her
funeral. Ford.

DIRGEFUL
Dirge"ful, a.

Defn: Funereal; moaning.
Soothed sadly by the dirgeful wind. Coleridge.

DIRIGE
Dir"i*ge, n. Etym: [L. See Dirge.]

Defn: A service for the dead, in the Roman Catholic Church, being the
first antiphon of Matins for the dead, of which Dirige is the first
word; a dirge.
Evensongs and placebo and dirige. Wyclif.
Resort, I pray you, unto my sepulture To sing my dirige with great
devotion. Lamentation of Mary Magdalene.

DIRIGENT
Dir"i*gent, a. Etym: [L. dirigens, p. pr. of dirigere. See Direct,
a.]

Defn: Directing. Baxter.

DIRIGENT
Dir"i*gent, n. (Geom.)

Defn: The line of motion along which a describent line or surface is
carried in the genesis of any plane or solid figure; a directrix.
Hutton.

DIRIGIBLE
Dir"i*gi*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being directed; steerable; as, a dirigible balloon.

DIRIMENT
Dir"i*ment, a. Etym: [L. dirimens, p. pr. of dirimere. See Dirempt.]
(Law)

Defn: Absolute. Diriment impediment (R. C. Ch.), an impediment that
nullifies marriage.

DIRK
Dirk, n. Etym: [Ir. duirc.]

Defn: A kind of dagger or poniard; -- formerly much used by the
Scottish Highlander. Dirk knife, a clasp knife having a large,
dirklike blade.

DIRK
Dirk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dirked; p. pr. & vb. n. Dirking.]

Defn: To stab with a dirk. Sir W. Scott.

DIRK
Dirk, a. Etym: [See Dark, a.]

Defn: Dark. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DIRK
Dirk, v. t.

Defn: To darken. [Obs.] Spenser.

DIRKNESS
Dirk"ness, n.

Defn: Darkness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DIRL
Dirl, v. i. & t. Etym: [Cf. Drill, Thrill.]

Defn: To thrill; to vibrate; to penetrate. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

DIRT
Dirt, n. Etym: [OE. drit; kin to Icel. drit excrement, drita to dung,
OD. drijten to dung, AS. gedritan.]

1. Any foul of filthy substance, as excrement, mud, dust, etc.;
whatever, adhering to anything, renders it foul or unclean; earth;
as, a wagonload of dirt.
Whose waters cast up mire and dirt. Is. lvii. 20.

2. Meanness; sordidness.
Honors . . . thrown away upon dirt and infamy. Melmoth.

3. In placer mining, earth, gravel, etc., before washing. Dirt bed
(Geom.), a layer of clayey earth forming a stratum in a geological
formation. Dirt beds are common among the coal measures.
 -- Dirt eating. (a) The use of certain kinds of clay for food,
existing among some tribes of Indians; geophagism. Humboldt. (b)
(Med.) Same as Chthonophagia.
 -- Dirt pie, clay or mud molded by children in imitation of pastry.
Otway (1684).
 -- To eat dirt, to submit in a meanly humble manner to insults; to
eat humble pie.

DIRT
Dirt, v. t.

Defn: To make foul of filthy; to dirty. Swift.

DIRTILY
Dirt"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dirty manner; foully; nastily; filthily; meanly; sordidly.

DIRTINESS
Dirt"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being dirty; filthiness; foulness; nastiness;
baseness; sordidness.

DIRTY
Dirt"y, a. [Compar. Dirtier; superl. Dirtiest.]

1. Defiled with dirt; foul; nasty; filthy; not clean or pure; serving
to defile; as, dirty hands; dirty water; a dirty white. Spenser.

2. Sullied; clouded; -- applied to color. Locke.

3. Sordid; base; groveling; as, a dirty fellow.
The creature's at his dirty work again. Pope.

4. Sleety; gusty; stormy; as, dirty weather.
Storms of wind, clouds of dust, an angry, dirty sea. M. Arnold.

Syn.
 -- Nasty; filthy; foul. See Nasty.

DIRTY
Dirt"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dirtied; p. pr. & vb. n. Dirtying.]

1. To foul; to make filthy; to soil; as, to dirty the clothes or
hands.

2. To tarnish; to sully; to scandalize; -- said of reputation,
character, etc.

DIRUPTION
Di*rup"tion, n. Etym: [L. diruptio, fr. dirumpere. See Disrupt, a.]

Defn: Disruption.

DIS-
Dis- (; 258)

Defn: .

1. A prefix from the Latin, whence F. dés, or sometimes dé-, dis-.
The Latin dis- appears as di- before b, d, g, l, m, n, r, v, becomes
dif- before f, and either dis- or di- before j. It is from the same
root as bis twice, and duo, E. two. See Two, and cf. Bi-, Di-, Dia-.
Dis- denotes separation, a parting from, as in distribute,
disconnect; hence it often has the force of a privative and negative,
as in disarm, disoblige, disagree. Also intensive, as in dissever.

Note: Walker's rule of pronouncing this prefix is, that the s ought
always to be pronounced like z, when the next syllable is accented
and begins with "a flat mute [b, d, v, g, z], a liquid [l, m, n, r],
or a vowel; as, disable, disease, disorder, disuse, disband, disdain,
disgrace, disvalue, disjoin, dislike, dislodge, dismay, dismember,
dismiss, dismount, disnatured, disrank, disrelish, disrobe." Dr.
Webster's example in disapproving of Walker's rule and pronouncing
dis- as diz in only one (disease) of the above words, is followed by
recent orthoëpists. See Disable, Disgrace, and the other words,
beginning with dis-, in this Dictionary.

2. A prefix from Gr. Di-.

DIS
Dis, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: The god Pluto. Shak.

DISABILITY
Dis`a*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Disabilities (.

1. State of being disabled; deprivation or want of ability; absence
of competent physical, intellectual, or moral power, means, fitness,
and the like.
Grossest faults, or disabilities to perform what was covenanted.
Milton.
Chatham refused to see him, pleading his disability. Bancroft.

2. Want of legal qualification to do a thing; legal incapacity or
incompetency.
The disabilities of idiocy, infancy, and coverture. Abbott.

Syn.
 -- Weakness; inability; incompetence; impotence; incapacity;
incompetency; disqualification.
 -- Disability, Inability. Inability is an inherent want of power to
perform the thing in question; disability arises from some
deprivation or loss of the needed competency. One who becomes
deranged is under a disability of holding his estate; and one who is
made a judge, of deciding in his own case. A man may decline an
office on account of his inability to discharge its duties; he may
refuse to accept a trust or employment on account of some disability
prevents him from entering into such engagements.

DISABLE
Dis*a"ble, a.

Defn: Lacking ability; unable. [Obs.] "Our disable and unactive
force." Daniel.

DISABLE
Dis*a"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disabled; p. pr. & vb. n. Disabling.]

1. To render unable or incapable; to destroy the force, vigor, or
power of action of; to deprive of competent physical or intellectual
power; to incapacitate; to disqualify; to make incompetent or unfit
for service; to impair.
A Christian's life is a perpetual exercise, a wrestling and warfare,
for which sensual pleasure disables him. Jer. Taylor.
And had performed it, if my known offense Had not disabled me.
Milton.
I have disabled mine estate. Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: To deprive of legal right or qualification; to render legally
incapable.
An attainder of the ancestor corrupts the blood, and disables his
children to inherit. Blackstone.

3. To deprive of that which gives value or estimation; to declare
lacking in competency; to disparage; to undervalue. [Obs.] "He
disabled my judgment." Shak.

Syn.
 -- To weaken; unfit; disqualify; incapacitate.

DISABLEMENT
Dis*a"ble*ment, n.

Defn: Deprivation of ability; incapacity. Bacon.

DISABUSE
Dis`a*buse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disabused; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disabusing.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + abuse; cf. F. désabuser.]

Defn: To set free from mistakes; to undeceive; to disengage from
fallacy or deception; to set right.
To undeceive and disabuse the people. South.
If men are now sufficiently enlightened to disabuse themselves or
artifice, hypocrisy, and superstition, they will consider this event
as an era in their history. J. Adams.

DISACCOMMODATE
Dis`ac*com"mo*date, v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + accommodate.]

Defn: To put to inconvenience; to incommode. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

DISACCOMMODATION
Dis`ac*com`mo*da"tion, n.

Defn: A state of being unaccommodated or unsuited. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

DISACCORD
Dis`ac*cord", v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. désaccorder to cause discord.]

Defn: To refuse to assent. [Obs.] Spenser.

DISACCORD
Dis`ac*cord", n.

Defn: Disagreement. Pop. Sci. Monthly.

DISACCORDANT
Dis`ac*cord"ant, a.

Defn: Not accordant. Fabyan.

DISACCUSTOM
Dis`ac*cus"tom, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. désaccoutumer.]

Defn: To destroy the force of habit in; to wean from a custom.
Johnson.

DISACIDIFY
Dis`a*cid"i*fy, v. t.

Defn: To free from acid.

DISACKNOWLEDGE
Dis`ac*knowl"edge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disacknowledged; p. pr. & vb.
n. Disacknowledging.]

Defn: To refuse to acknowledge; to deny; to disown. [Obs.] South.

DISACQUAINT
Dis`ac*quaint", v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + acquaint: cf. OF.
desacointier.]

Defn: To render unacquainted; to make unfamiliar. [Obs.]
While my sick heart With dismal smart Is disacquainted never.
Herrick.

DISACQUAINTANCE
Dis`ac*quaint"ance, n.

Defn: Neglect of disuse of familiarity, or familiar acquaintance.
[Obs.] South.

DISACRYL
Dis*ac"ryl, n. Etym: [Pref. dis- (Gr. acrolein + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white amorphous substance obtained as a polymeric
modification of acrolein.

DISADORN
Dis`a*dorn", v. t.

Defn: To deprive of ornaments. Congreve.

DISADVANCE
Dis`ad*vance" (; 61), v. t. & i. Etym: [Pref. dis- + advance: cf. OF.
desavancier.]

Defn: To draw back, or cause to draw back. [Obs.] Spenser.

DISADVANTAGE
Dis`ad*van"tage (; 48, 61), n. Etym: [Cf. F. désavantage.]

1. Deprivation of advantage; unfavorable or prejudicial quality,
condition, circumstance, or the like; that which hinders success, or
causes loss or injury.
I was brought here under the disadvantage of being unknown by sight
to any of you. Burke.
Abandoned by their great patron, the faction henceforward acted at
disadvantage. Palfrey.

2. Loss; detriment; hindrance; prejudice to interest, fame, credit,
profit, or other good.
They would throw a construction on his conduct, to his disadvantage
before the public. Bancroft.

Syn.
 -- Detriment; injury; hurt; loss; damage.

DISADVANTAGE
Dis`ad*van"tage, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. désavantager.]

Defn: To injure the interest of; to be detrimental to.

DISADVANTAGEABLE
Dis`ad*van"tage*a*ble, a.

Defn: Injurious; disadvantageous. [Obs.] Bacon.

DISADVANTAGEOUS
Dis*ad`van*ta"geous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. désavantageux.]

Defn: Attended with disadvantage; unfavorable to success or
prosperity; inconvenient; prejudicial; -- opposed to advantageous;
as, the situation of an army is disadvantageous for attack or
defense.
Even in the disadvantageous position in which he had been placed, he
gave clear indications of future excellence. Prescott.
-- Dis*ad`van*ta"geous*ly, adv.
 -- Dis*ad`van*ta"geous*ness, n.

DISADVENTURE
Dis`ad*ven"ture, n. Etym: [Pref. dis- + adventure: cf. OF.
desaventure.]

Defn: Misfortune; mishap. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

DISADVENTUROUS
Dis`ad*ven"tur*ous, a.

Defn: Unprosperous; unfortunate. [Obs.] Spenser.

DISADVISE
Dis`ad*vise", v. t.

Defn: To advise against; to dissuade from. [R.] Boyle.

DISAFFECT
Dis`af*fect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disaffected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disaffecting.]

1. To alienate or diminish the affection of; to make unfriendly or
less friendly; to fill with discontent and unfriendliness.
They had attempted to disaffect and discontent his majesty's late
army. Clarendon.

2. To disturb the functions of; to disorder.
It disaffects the bowels. Hammond.

3. To lack affection for; to be alienated from, or indisposed toward;
to dislike. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

DISAFFECTED
Dis`af*fect"ed, a.

Defn: Alienated in feeling; not wholly loyal. J. H. Newman.
 -- Dis`af*fect"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Dis`af*fect"ed*ness, n.

DISAFFECTION
Dis`af*fec"tion, n.

1. State of being disaffected; alienation or want of affection or
good will, esp. toward those in authority; unfriendliness; dislike.
In the making laws, princes must have regard to . . . the affections
and disaffections of the people. Jer. Taylor.

2. Disorder; bad constitution. [R.] Wiseman.

Syn.
 -- Dislike; disgust; discontent; unfriendliness; alienation;
disloyalty; hostility.

DISAFFECTIONATE
Dis`af*fec"tion*ate, a.

Defn: Not disposed to affection; unfriendly; disaffected. [R.]
Blount.

DISAFFIRM
Dis`af*firm", v. t.

1. To assert the contrary of; to contradict; to deny; -- said of that
which has been asserted.

2. (Law)

Defn: To refuse to confirm; to annul, as a judicial decision, by a
contrary judgment of a superior tribunal.

DISAFFIRMANCE
Dis`af*firm"ance, n.

1. The act of disaffirming; denial; negation.

2. (Law)

Defn: Overthrow or annulment by the decision of a superior tribunal;
as, disaffirmance of judgment.

DISAFFIRMATION
Dis*af`fir*ma"tion, n.

Defn: The act of disaffirming; negation; refutation.

DISAFFOREST
Dis`af*for"est, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disafforested; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disafforesting.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + afforest: cf. OF. desaforester.]
(Eng. Law)

Defn: To reduce from the privileges of a forest to the state of
common ground; to exempt from forest laws.
By charter 9 Henry III. many forests were disafforested. Blackstone.

DISAGGREGATE
Dis*ag"gre*gate, v. t.

Defn: To destroy the aggregation of; to separate into component
parts, as an aggregate mass.

DISAGGREGATION
Dis*ag`gre*ga"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. désagrégation.]

Defn: The separation of an aggregate body into its component parts.

DISAGREE
Dis`a*gree", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Disagreed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disageeing.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + agree: cf. F. désagréer to
displease.]

1. To fail to accord; not to agree; to lack harmony; to differ; to be
unlike; to be at variance.
They reject the plainest sense of Scripture, because it seems
disagree with what they call reason. Atterbury.

2. To differ in opinion; to hold discordant views; to be at
controversy; to quarrel.
Who shall decide, when doctors disagree Pope.

3. To be unsuited; to have unfitness; as, medicine sometimes
disagrees with the patient; food often disagrees with the stomach or
the taste.

Note: Usually followed by with, sometimes by to, rarely by from; as,
I disagree to your proposal.

Syn.
 -- To differ; vary; dissent.

DISAGREEABLE
Dis`a*gree"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. désagréable.]

1. Not agreeable, conformable, or congruous;
Preach you truly the doctrine which you have received, and each
nothing that is disagreeable thereunto. Udall.

2. Exciting repugnance; offensive to the feelings or
That which is disagreeable to one is many times agreeable to another,
or disagreeable in a less degree. Wollaston.

DISAGREEABLENESS
Dis`a*gree"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being; disagreeable; unpleasantness.

DISAGREEABLY
Dis`a*gree"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a disagreeable manner; unsuitably; offensively.

DISAGREEANCE
Dis`a*gree"ance, n.

Defn: Disagreement. [Obs.]

DISAGREEMENT
Dis`a*gree"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. désagrément disagreeable
circumstance, disagreeableness.]

1. The state of disagreeing; a being at variance; dissimilitude;
diversity.

2. Unsuitableness; unadaptedness. [R.]

3. Difference of opinion or sentiment.

4. A falling out, or controversy; difference.

Syn.
 -- Difference; diversity; dissimilitude; unlikeness; discrepancy;
variance; dissent; misunderstanding; dissension; division; dispute;
jar; wrangle; discord.

DISAGREER
Dis`a*gre"er, n.

Defn: One who disagrees. Hammond.

DISALLIEGE
Dis`al*liege", v. t.

Defn: To alienate from allegiance. [Obs. & R.] Milton.

DISALLOW
Dis`al*low", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disallowed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disallowing.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + allow: cf. OF. desalouer, desloer,
to blame, dissuade.]

Defn: To refuse to allow; to deny the force or validity of; to disown
and reject; as, the judge disallowed the executor's charge.
To whom coming, as unto a living stone, disallowed indeed of men, but
chosen of God. 1 Pet. ii. 4.
That the edicts of Cæsar we may at all times disallow, but the
statutes of God for no reason we may reject. Milton.

Note: This verb was sometimes followed by of; as, "What follows, if
we disallow of this" Shak. See Allow.

Syn.
 -- To disapprove; prohibit; censure; reject.

DISALLOWABLE
Dis`al*low"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not allowable; not to be suffered. Raleigh.
 -- Dis`al*low"a*ble*ness, n.

DISALLOWANCE
Dis`al*low"ance, n.

Defn: The act of disallowing; refusal to admit or permit; rejection.

Syn.
 -- Disapprobation; prohibition; condemnation; censure; rejection.

DISALLY
Dis`al*ly", v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + ally: cf. F. désaltier.]

Defn: To part, as an alliance; to sunder. [R.] "Disallied their
nuptials." Milton.

DISANCHOR
Dis*an"chor, v. t. & i. Etym: [Pref. dis- + anchor: cf. F.
désancrer.]

Defn: To raise the anchor of, as a ship; to weigh anchor. [Obs.]
Heywood.

DISANGELICAL
Dis`an*gel"ic*al, a.

Defn: Not angelical. [R.] "Disangelical nature." Coventry.

DISANIMATE
Dis*an"i*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disanimated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disanimating.]

1. To deprive of life. [R.] Cudworth.

2. To deprive of spirit; to dishearten. Shak.

DISANIMATION
Dis*an`i*ma"tion, n.

1. Privation of life. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. The state of being disanimated or discouraged; depression of
spirits.

DISANNEX
Dis`an*nex", v. t.

Defn: To disunite; to undo or repeal the annexation of. State Trials
(1608).

DISANNUL
Dis`an*nul", v. t.

Defn: To annul completely; to render void or of no effect.
For the Lord of hosts hath purposed, and who shall disannul Isaiah
xiv. 27.

Note: The prefix in this word an its derivatives is intensive, and
not negative.

DISANNULLER
Dis`an*nul"ler, n.

Defn: One who disannuls.

DISANNULMENT
Dis`an*nul"ment, n.

Defn: Complete annulment.

DISANOINT
Dis`a*noint", v. t.

Defn: To invalidate the consecration of; as, to disanoint a king.
[Obs.] Milton.

DISAPPAREL
Dis`ap*par"el, v. t. Etym: [See Apparel, v. t.] Etym: [Pref. dis- +
apparel: cf. OF. desapareiller.]

Defn: To disrobe; to strip of apparel; to make naked.
Drink disapparels the soul. Junius (1635).

DISAPPEAR
Dis`ap*pear", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Disappeared; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disappearing.]

1. To cease to appear or to be perceived; to pass from view,
gradually or suddenly; to vanish; to be no longer seen; as, darkness
disappears at the approach of light; a ship disappears as she sails
from port.

2. To cease to be or exist; as, the epidemic has disappeared.

DISAPPEARANCE
Dis`ap*pear"ance, n.

Defn: The act of disappearing; cessation of appearance; removal from
sight; vanishing. Addison.

DISAPPEARING
Dis`ap*pear"ing,

Defn: p. pr. & vb. n. of Disappear.

Disappearing carriage (Ordnance), a carriage for heavy coast guns on
which the gun is raised above the parapet for firing and upon
discharge is lowered behind the parapet for protection. The standard
type of disappearing carriage in the coast artillery of the United
States army is the Buffington-Crozier carriage, in which the gun
trunnions are secured at the upper and after ends of a pair of heavy
levers, at the lower ends of which is attached a counterweight of
lead. The levers are pivoted at their middle points, which are, with
the top carriage, permitted restrained motion along the slightly
inclined chassis rails. The counterweight is held in place by a pawl
and ratchet. When the gun is loaded the pawl is released and the
counterweight sinks, raising the gun to the firing position above the
parapet. The recoil following the discharge returns the gun to the
loading position, the counterweight rising until the pawl engages the
ratchet.

DISAPPENDENCY
Dis`ap*pend"en*cy, n.

Defn: A detachment or separation from a former connection. [R.]

DISAPPENDENT
Dis`ap*pend"ent, a.

Defn: Freed from a former connection or dependence; disconnected.
[R.]

DISAPPOINT
Dis`ap*point", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disapointed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disappointing.] Etym: [OF. desapointier, F. désappointer; pref. des-
(L. dis-) + apointier, F. appointier, to appoint. See Appoint.]

1. To defeat of expectation or hope; to hinder from the attainment of
that which was excepted, hoped, or desired; to balk; as, a man is
disappointed of his hopes or expectations, or his hopes, desires,
intentions, expectations, or plans are disappointed; a bad season
disappoints the farmer of his crops; a defeat disappoints an enemy of
his spoil.
I was disappointed, but very agreeably. Macaulay.

Note: Disappointed of a thing not obtained; disappointed in a thing
obtained.

2. To frustrate; to fail; to hinder of result.
His retiring foe Shrinks from the wound, and disappoints the blow.
Addison.

Syn.
 -- To tantalize; fail; frustrate; balk; baffle; delude; foil;
defeat. See Tantalize.

DISAPPOINTED
Dis`ap*point"ed, a.

1. Defeated of expectation or hope; balked; as, a disappointed person
or hope.

2. Unprepared; unequipped. [Obs.]
Cut off even in the blossoms of my sin, Unhouseled, disappointed,
unaneled. Shak.

DISAPPOINTMENT
Dis`ap*point"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. désappointement.]

1. The act of disappointing, or the state of being disappointed;
defeat or failure of expectation or hope; miscarriage of design or
plan; frustration.
If we hope for things of which we have not thoroughly considered the
value, our disappointment will be greater our pleasure in the
fruition of them. Addison.
In disappointment thou canst bless. Keble.

2. That which disappoints.

Syn.
 -- Miscarriage; frustration; balk.

DISAPPRECIATE
Dis`ap*pre"ci*ate, v. t. Etym: [See Appreciate.]

Defn: To undervalue; not to esteem.
 -- Dis`ap*pre`ci*a"tion, n.

DISAPPROBATION
Dis*ap`pro*ba"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. dis- + approbation: cf. F.
désapprobation. Cf. Disapprove.]

Defn: The act of disapproving; mental condemnation of what is judged
wrong, unsuitable, or inexpedient; feeling of censure.
We have ever expressed the most unqualified disapprobation of all the
steps. Burke.

DISAPPROBATORY
Dis*ap"pro*ba`to*ry, a.

Defn: Containing disapprobation; serving to disapprove.

DISAPPROPRIATE
Dis`ap*pro"pri*ate, a. (Law)

Defn: Severed from the appropriation or possession of a spiritual
corporation.
The appropriation may be severed, and the church become
disappropriate, two ways. Blackstone.

DISAPPROPRIATE
Dis`ap*pro"pri*ate, v. t.

1. To release from individual ownership or possession. Milton.

2. (Law)

Defn: To sever from appropriation or possession a spiritual
corporation.
Appropriations of the several parsonages . . . would heave been, by
the rules of the common law, disappropriated. Blackstone.

DISAPPROPRIATION
Dis`ap*pro`pri*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of disappropriating.

DISAPPROVAL
Dis`ap*prov"al, n.

Defn: Disapprobation; dislike; censure; adverse judgment.

DISAPPROVE
Dis`ap*prove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disapproved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disapproving.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + approve: cf. F. déapprouver. Cf.
Disapprobation.]

1. To pass unfavorable judgment upon; to condemn by an act of the
judgment; to regard as wrong, unsuitable, or inexpedient; to censure;
as, to disapprove the conduct of others.

2. To refuse official approbation to; to disallow; to decline to
sanction; as, the sentence of the court-martial was disapproved by
the commander in chief.

Note: This verb is often followed by of; as, to disapprove of an
opinion, of such conduct. See Approve.

DISAPPROVER
Dis`ap*prov"er, n.

Defn: One who disapproves.

DISAPPROVINGLY
Dis`ap*prov"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a disapproving manner.

DISARD
Dis"ard, n.

Defn: See Dizzard. [Obs.] Burton.

DISARM
Dis*arm", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disarming; p. pr. & vb. n. Disarming.]
Etym: [OE. desarmen, F. désarmer; pref. dés- (L. dis-) + armer to
arm. See Arm.]

1. To deprive of arms; to take away the weapons of; to deprive of the
means of attack or defense; to render defenseless.
Security disarms the best-appointed army. Fuller.
The proud was half disarmed of pride. Tennyson.

2. To deprive of the means or the disposition to harm; to render
harmless or innocuous; as, to disarm a man's wrath.

DISARMAMENT
Dis*arm"a*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. désarmement.]

Defn: The act of disarming.

DISARMATURE
Dis*ar"ma*ture, n. Etym: [Pref. dis- + armature.]

Defn: The act of divesting of armature. [R.]

DISARMED
Dis*armed", a.

1. Deprived of arms.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Deprived of claws, and teeth or beaks. Cussans.

DISARMER
Dis*arm"er, n.

Defn: One who disarms.

DISARRANGE
Dis`ar*range", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disarranged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disarranging.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + arrange: cf. F. désarranger.]

Defn: To unsettle or disturb the order or due arrangement of; to
throw out of order.

DISARRANGEMENT
Dis`ar*range"ment, n.

Defn: The act of disarranging, or the state of being disarranged;
confusion; disorder. Cowper.

DISARRAY
Dis`ar*ray", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disarrayed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disarraying.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + array, v.: cf. OF. desarroyer,
desarreier.]

1. To throw into disorder; to break the array of.
Who with fiery steeds Oft disarrayed the foes in battle ranged.
Fenton.

2. To take off the dress of; to unrobe.
So, as she bade, the witch they disarrayed. Spenser.

DISARRAY
Dis`ar*ray", n. Etym: [Cf. F. désarroi.]

1. Want of array or regular order; disorder; confusion.
Disrank the troops, set all in disarray. Daniel.

2. Confused attire; undress. Spenser.

DISARRAYMENT
Dis`ar*ray"ment, n.

Defn: Disorder. [R.] Feltham.

DISARTICULATE
Dis`ar*tic"u*late, v. t.

Defn: To sunder; to separate, as joints.
 -- Dis`ar*tic`u*la"tion, n.

DISARTICULATOR
Dis`ar*tic"u*la`tor, n.

Defn: One who disarticulates and prepares skeletons.

DISASSENT
Dis`as*sent", v. i.

Defn: To dissent. [Obs.]

DISASSENT
Dis`as*sent", n.

Defn: Dissent. [Obs.] E. Hall.

DISASSENTER
Dis`as*sent"er, n.

Defn: One who disassents; a dissenter. [Obs.] State Trials (1634).

DISASSIDUITY
Dis*as`si*du"i*ty, n.

Defn: Want of as siduity or care. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

DISASSIMILATE
Dis`as*sim"i*late, v. t. (Physiol.)

Defn: To subject to disassimilation.

DISASSIMILATION
Dis`as*sim`i*la"tion, n. (Physics)

Defn: The decomposition of complex substances, within the organism,
into simpler ones suitable only for excretion, with evolution of
energy, -- a normal nutritional process the reverse of assimilation;
downward metabolism.
The breaking down of already existing chemical compounds into simpler
ones, sometimes called disassimilation. Martin.

DISASSIMILATIVE
Dis`as*sim"i*la*tive, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Having power to disassimilate; of the nature of
disassimilation.
Disassimilative processes constitute a marked feature in the life of
animal cells. McKendrick.

DISASSOCIATE
Dis`as*so"ci*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disassociated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disassociating.]

Defn: To disconnect from things associated; to disunite; to
dissociate. Florio.

DISASTER
Dis*as"ter, n. Etym: [F. désastre; pref. dés- (L. dis-) + astre star,
fr. L. astrum; a word of astrological origin. See Aster, Astral,
Star.]

1. An unpropitious or baleful aspect of a planet or star; malevolent
influence of a heavenly body; hence, an ill portent. [Obs.]
Disasters in the sun. Shak.

2. An adverse or unfortunate event, esp. a sudden and extraordinary
misfortune; a calamity; a serious mishap.
But noble souls, through dust and heat, Rise from disaster and defeat
The stronger. Longfellow.

Syn.
 -- Calamity; misfortune; mishap; mischance; visitation;
misadventure; ill luck. See Calamity.

DISASTER
Dis*as"ter, v. t.

1. To blast by the influence of a baleful star. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

2. To bring harm upon; to injure. [R.] Thomson.

DISASTERLY
Dis*as"ter*ly, adv.

Defn: Disastrously. [Obs.] Drayton.

DISASTROUS
Dis*as"trous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. désastreux. See Disaster.]

1. Full of unpropitious stellar influences; unpropitious; ill-boding.
[Obs.]
The moon In dim eclipse, disastrous twilight sheds. Milton.

2. Attended with suffering or disaster; very unfortunate; calamitous;
ill-fated; as, a disastrous day; a disastrous termination of an
undertaking.
Wherein I spake of most disastrous chances. Shak.
-- Dis*as"trous*ly, adv.
 -- Dis*as"trous*ness, n.

DISATTIRE
Dis`at*tire", v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + attire: cf. OF. desatirier.]

Defn: To unrobe; to undress. Spenser.

DISAUGMENT
Dis`aug*ment", v. t.

Defn: To diminish. [R.]

DISAUTHORIZE
Dis*au"thor*ize, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of credit or authority; to discredit. [R.] W.
Wotton.

DISAVAUNCE
Dis`a*vaunce", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Disadvance.]

Defn: To retard; to repel; to do damage to. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DISAVENTURE
Dis`a*ven"ture, n. Etym: [See Disadventure, Adventure.]

Defn: Misfortune. [Obs.] Spenser.

DISAVENTUROUS
Dis`a*ven"tur*ous, a.

Defn: Misadventurous; unfortunate. [Obs.] Spenser.

DISAVOUCH
Dis`a*vouch", v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + avouch. Cf. Disavow.]

Defn: To disavow. [R.] Daniel.

DISAVOW
Dis`a*vow", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disavowed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disavowing.] Etym: [F. désavouer; pref. dés- (L. dis-) + avouer to
avow. See Avow, and cf. Disavouch.]

1. To refuse strongly and solemnly to own or acknowledge; to deny
responsibility for, approbation of, an the like; to disclaim; to
disown; as, he was charged with embezzlement, but he disavows the
crime.
A solemn promise made and disavowed. Dryden.

2. To deny; to show the contrary of; to disprove.
Yet can they never Toss into air the freedom of my birth, Or disavow
my blood Plantagenet's. Ford.

DISAVOWAL
Dis`a*vow"al, n.

Defn: The act of disavowing, disclaiming, or disowning; rejection and
denial.
An earnest disavowal of fear often proceeds from fear. Richardson.

DISAVOWANCE
Dis`a*vow"ance, n.

Defn: Disavowal. [Obs.] South.

DISAVOWER
Dis`a*vow"er, n.

Defn: One who disavows.

DISAVOWMENT
Dis`a*vow"ment, n.

Defn: Disavowal. [R.] Wotton.

DISBAND
Dis*band" (; see Dis-), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disbanded; p. pr. & vb.
n. Disbanding.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + band: cf. OF. desbander, F.
débander, to unbind, unbend. See Band, and cf. Disbend, Disbind.]

1. To loose the bands of; to set free; to disunite; to scatter; to
disperse; to break up the organization of; especially, to dismiss
from military service; as, to disband an army.
They disbanded themselves and returned, every man to his own
dwelling. Knolles.

2. To divorce. [Obs.]
And therefore . . . she ought to be disbanded. Milton.

DISBAND
Dis*band", v. i.

Defn: To become separated, broken up, dissolved, or scattered;
especially, to quit military service by breaking up organization.

When both rocks and all things shall disband. Herbert.
Human society would in a short space disband. Tillotson.

DISBANDMENT
Dis*band"ment, n.

Defn: The act of disbanding.

DISBAR
Dis*bar", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disbarred; p. pr. & vb. n. Disbarring.]
(Law)

Defn: To expel from the bar, or the legal profession; to deprive (an
attorney, barrister, or counselor) of his status and privileges as
such. Abbott.

DISBARK
Dis*bark", v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + bark a small ship: cf. OF.
desbarquer, F. débarquer. Cf. Debark, Disembark.]

Defn: To disembark. Pope.

DISBARK
Dis*bark", v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + bark rind.]

Defn: To strip of bark; to bark. [R.] Boyle.

DISBARMENT
Dis*bar"ment, n.

Defn: Act of disbarring.

DISBASE
Dis*base", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Debase.]

Defn: To debase or degrade. [Obs.]
Nor you nor your house were so much as spoken of before I disbased
myself. B. Jonson.

DISBECOME
Dis`be*come", v. t.

Defn: To misbecome. [Obs.] Massinger.

DISBELIEF
Dis*be*lief", n.

Defn: The act of disbelieving;; a state of the mind in which one is
fully persuaded that an opinion, assertion, or doctrine is not true;
refusal of assent, credit, or credence; denial of belief.
Our belief or disbelief of a thing does not alter the nature of the
thing. Tillotson.
No sadder proof can be given by a man of his own littleness that
disbelief in great men. Carlyle.

Syn.
 -- Distrust; unbelief; incredulity; doubt; skepticism.
 -- Disbelief, Unbelief. Unbelief is a mere failure to admit;
disbelief is a positive rejection. One may be an unbeliever in
Christianity from ignorance or want of inquiry; a unbeliever has the
proofs before him, and incurs the guilt of setting them aside.
Unbelief is usually open to conviction; disbelief is already
convinced as to the falsity of that which it rejects. Men often tell
a story in such a manner that we regard everything they say with
unbelief. Familiarity with the worst parts of human nature often
leads us into a disbelief in many good qualities which really exist
among men.

DISBELIEVE
Dis`be*lieve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disbelieved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disbelieving.]

Defn: Not to believe; to refuse belief or credence to; to hold not to
be true or actual.
Assertions for which there is abundant positive evidence are often
disbelieved, on account of what is called their improbability or
impossibility. J. S. Mill.

DISBELIEVER
Dis`be*liev"er, n.

Defn: One who disbelieves, or refuses belief; an unbeliever.
Specifically, one who does not believe the Christian religion. I.
Watts.

DISBENCH
Dis*bench", v. t.

1. To drive from a bench or seat. [R.] Shak.

2. (Eng. Law)

Defn: To deprive (a bencher) of his privileges. Mozley & W.

DISBEND
Dis*bend, v. t.

Defn: To unbend. [Obs.] Stirling.

DISBIND
Dis*bind", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Disband.]

Defn: To unbind; to loosen. [Obs.] Mede.

DISBLAME
Dis*blame", v. t. Etym: [OE. desblamen, OF. desblasmer; pref. des-
(L. dis-) + blasmer, F. blâmer, to blame.]

Defn: To clear from blame. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DISBODIED
Dis*bod"ied, a.

Defn: Disembodied. [R.]

DISBOSCATION
Dis`bos*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. dis- + F. bosquet grove.]

Defn: Converting forest land into cleared or arable land; removal of
a forest. Sir W. Scott.

DISBOWEL
Dis*bow"el, v. t. Etym: [See Bowel, v. t.]

Defn: To disembowel. [R.] Spenser.

DISBRANCH
Dis*branch", v. t. Etym: [See Branch, v.]

Defn: To divest of a branch or branches; to tear off. Shak.

DISBUD
Dis*bud", v. t. Etym: [See Bud, v.] (Hort.)

Defn: To deprive of buds or shoots, as for training, or economizing
the vital strength of a tree.

DISBURDEN
Dis*bur"den, v. t. Etym: [See Burden, v. t.] Etym: [Cf. Disburthen.]

Defn: To rid of a burden; to free from a load borne or from something
oppressive; to unload; to disencumber; to relieve.
He did it to disburden a conscience. Feltham.
My mediations . . . will, I hope, be more calm, being thus
disburdened. Hammond.

Syn.
 -- To unload; unburden; discharge; free.

DISBURDEN
Dis*bur"den, v. i.

Defn: To relieve one's self of a burden; to ease the mind. Milton.

DISBURGEON
Dis*bur"geon, v. t.

Defn: To strip of burgeons or buds; to disbud. [R.] Holland.

DISBURSE
Dis*burse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disbursed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disbursing.] Etym: [OF. desbourser, F. débourser; pref. des- (L. dis-
) + bourse purse. See Burse, and cf. Dispurse.]

Defn: To pay out; to expend; -- usually from a public fund or
treasury.
The duty of collecting and disbursing his revenues. Macaulay.
Disbursing officer, an officer in any department of the public
service who is charged with the duty of paying out public money.

DISBURSEMENT
Dis*burse"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. déboursement.]

1. The act of disbursing or paying out.
The disbursement of the public moneys. U. S. Statutes.

2. That which is disbursed or paid out; as, the annual disbursements
exceed the income.

DISBURSER
Dis*burs"er, n.

Defn: One who disburses money.

DISBURTHEN
Dis*bur"then, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disburthened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disburthening.] Etym: [Cf. Disburden.]

Defn: To disburden; to relieve of a load. [Archaic]

DISC
Disc, n. Etym: [See Disk, Dish.]

Defn: A flat round plate; (Biol.)

Defn: a circular structure either in plants or animals; as, a blood
disc, a germinal disc, etc. Same as Disk.

DISCAGE
Dis*cage", v. t.

Defn: To uncage. [R.] Tennyson.

DISCAL
Disc"al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a disk; as, discal cells.

DISCALCEATE
Dis*cal"ce*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. discalceatus unshod; dis- + calceus
shoe.]

Defn: To pull off shoes or sandals from. [Obs.] Cockeram.

DISCALCEATED
Dis*cal"ce*at`ed, a.

Defn: Deprived off shoes or sandals; unshod; discalced.

DISCALCEATION
Dis*cal`ce*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of pulling off the shoes or sandals. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

DISCALCED
Dis*calced", a.

Defn: Unshod; barefooted; -- in distinction from calced. "The
foundation of houses of discalced friars." Cardinal Manning's St.
Teresa.

DISCAMP
Dis*camp", v. t. Etym: [See Decamp.]

Defn: To drive from a camp. [Obs.] Holland.

DISCANDY
Dis*can"dy, v. i.

Defn: To melt; to dissolve; to thaw. [Obs.]

DISCANT
Dis"cant, n.

Defn: See Descant, n.

DISCAPACITATE
Dis*ca*pac"i*tate, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of capacity; to incapacitate. [R.]

DISCARD
Dis*card", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discarded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Discarding.]

1. (Card Playing)

Defn: To throw out of one's hand, as superfluous cards; to lay aside
(a card or cards).

2. To cast off as useless or as no longer of service; to dismiss from
employment, confidence, or favor; to discharge; to turn away.
They blame the favorites, and think it nothing extraordinary that the
queen should . . . resolve to discard them. Swift.

3. To put or thrust away; to reject.
A man discards the follies of boyhood. I. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- To dismiss; displace; discharge; cashier.

DISCARD
Dis*card", v. i. (Card Playing)

Defn: To make a discard.

DISCARD
Dis*card", n. (Card Playing)

Defn: The act of discarding; also, the card or cards discarded.

DISCARDURE
Dis*car"dure, n.

Defn: Rejection; dismissal. [R.] Hayter.

DISCARNATE
Dis*car"nate, a. Etym: [L. dis- + carnatus fleshy, fr. caro, carnis,
flesh.]

Defn: Stripped of flesh. [Obs.] "Discarnate bones." Glanvill.

DISCASE
Dis*case", v. t.

Defn: To strip; to undress. Shak.

DISCEDE
Dis*cede", v. i. Etym: [L. discedere; dis- + cedere to yield.]

Defn: To yield or give up; to depart. [Obs.]
I dare not discede from my copy a tittle. Fuller.

DISCEPT
Dis*cept", v. i. Etym: [L. disceptare.]

Defn: To debate; to discuss. [R.]
One dissertates, he is candid; Two must discept, -- has
distinguished. R. Browning.

DISCEPTATION
Dis`cep*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. disceptatio.]

Defn: Controversy; disputation; discussion. [Archaic]
Verbose janglings and endless disceptations. Strype.

DISCEPTATOR
Dis`cep*ta"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who arbitrates or decides. [R.] Cowley.

DISCERN
Dis*cern", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discerned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Discerning.] Etym: [F. discerner, L. discernere, discretum; dis- +
cernere to separate, distinguish. See Certain, and cf. Discreet.]

1. To see and identify by noting a difference or differences; to note
the distinctive character of; to discriminate; to distinguish.
To discern such buds as are fit to produce blossoms. Boyle.
A counterfeit stone which thine eye can not discern from a right
stone. Robynson (More's Utopia).

2. To see by the eye or by the understanding; to perceive and
recognize; as, to discern a difference.
And [I] beheld among the simple ones, I discerned among the youths, a
young man void of understanding. Prov. vii. 7.
Our unassisted sight . . . is not acute enough to discern the minute
texture of visible objects. Beattie.
I wake, and I discern the truth. Tennyson.

Syn.
 -- To perceive; distinguish; discover; penetrate; discriminate;
espy; descry; detect. See Perceive.

DISCERN
Dis*cern", v. i.

1. To see or understand the difference; to make distinction; as, to
discern between good and evil, truth and falsehood.
More than sixscore thousand that cannot discern between their right
hand their left. Jonah iv. 11.

2. To make cognizance. [Obs.] Bacon.

DISCERNANCE
Dis*cern"ance, n.

Defn: Discernment. [Obs.]

DISCERNER
Dis*cern"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, discerns, distinguishes, perceives, or
judges; as, a discerner of truth, of right and wrong.
A great observer and discerner of men's natures. Clarendon.

DISCERNIBLE
Dis*cern"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. discernibilis.]

Defn: Capable of being discerned by the eye or the understanding; as,
a star is discernible by the eye; the identity of difference of ideas
is discernible by the understanding.
The effect of the privations and sufferings . . . was discernible to
the last in his temper and deportment. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Perceptible; distinguishable; apparent; visible; evident;
manifest.

DISCERNIBLENESS
Dis*cern"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being discernible.

DISCERNIBLY
Dis*cern"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In a manner to be discerned; perceptibly; visibly. Hammond.

DISCERNING
Dis*cern"ing, a.

Defn: Acute; shrewd; sagacious; sharp-sighted. Macaulay.

DISCERNINGLY
Dis*cern"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a discerning manner; with judgment; judiciously; acutely.
Garth.

DISCERNMENT
Dis*cern"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. discernement.]

1. The act of discerning.

2. The power or faculty of the mind by which it distinguishes one
thing from another; power of viewing differences in objects, and
their relations and tendencies; penetrative and discriminate mental
vision; acuteness; sagacity; insight; as, the errors of youth often
proceed from the want of discernment.

Syn.
 -- Judgment; acuteness; discrimination; penetration; sagacity;
insight.
 -- Discernment, Penetration, Discrimination. Discernment is keenness
and accuracy of mental vision; penetration is the power of seeing
deeply into a subject in spite of everything that intercepts the
view; discrimination is a capacity of tracing out minute distinctions
and the nicest shades of thought. A discerning man is not easily
misled; one of a penetrating mind sees a multitude of things which
escape others; a discriminating judgment detects the slightest
differences.

DISCERP
Dis*cerp", v. t. Etym: [L. discerpere, discerptum; dis- + carpere to
pluck.]

1. To tear in pieces; to rend. [R.] Stukeley.

2. To separate; to disunite. [R.] Bp. Hurd.

DISCERPIBILITY; DISCERPTIBILITY
Dis*cerp`i*bil"i*ty, Dis*cerp`ti*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability or liableness to be discerped. [R.] Wollaston.

DISCERPIBLE; DISCERPTIBLE
Dis*cerp"i*ble, Dis*cerp"ti*ble, a. Etym: [See Discerp.]

Defn: Capable of being discerped. [R.]

DISCERPTION
Dis*cerp"tion, n. Etym: [L. discerptio.]

Defn: The act of pulling to pieces, or of separating the parts. Bp.
Hall.

DISCERPTIVE
Dis*cerp"tive, a.

Defn: Tending to separate or disunite parts. Encys. Dict.

DISCESSION
Dis*ces"sion, n. Etym: [L. discessio, fr. discedere, discessum. See
Discede.]

Defn: Departure. [Obs.]

DISCHARGE
Dis*charge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discharged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Discharging.] Etym: [OE. deschargen, dischargen, OF. deschargier, F.
décharger; pref. des- (L. dis) + chargier, F. charger. See Charge.]

1. To relieve of a charge, load, or burden; to empty of a load or
cargo; to unburden; to unload; as, to discharge a vessel.

2. To free of the missile with which anything is charged or loaded;
to let go the charge of; as, to discharge a bow, catapult, etc.;
especially, said of firearms, -- to fire off; to shoot off; also, to
relieve from a state of tension, as a Leyden jar.
The galleys also did oftentimes, out of their prows, discharge their
great pieces against the city. Knolles.
Feeling in other cases discharges itself in indirect muscular
actions. H. Spencer.

3. To of something weighing upon or impeding over one, as a debt,
claim, obligation, responsibility, accusation, etc.; to absolve; to
acquit; to clear.
Discharged of business, void of strife. Dryden.
In one man's fault discharge another man of his duty. L'Estrange.

4. To relieve of an office or employment; to send away from service;
to dismiss.
Discharge the common sort With pay and thanks. Shak.
Grindal . . . was discharged the government of his see. Milton.

5. To release legally from confinement; to set at liberty; as, to
discharge a prisoner.

6. To put forth, or remove, as a charge or burden; to take out, as
that with which anything is loaded or filled; as, to discharge a
cargo.

7. To let fly, as a missile; to shoot.
They do discharge their shot of courtesy. Shak.

8. To set aside; to annul; to dismiss.
We say such an order was "discharged on appeal." Mozley & W.
The order for Daly's attendance was discharged. Macaulay.

9. To throw off the obligation of, as a duty or debt; to relieve
one's self of, by fulfilling conditions, performing duty, trust, and
the like; hence, to perform or ex
Had I a hundred tongues, a wit so large As could their hundred
offices discharge. Dryden.

10. To send away (a creditor) satisfied by payment; to pay one's debt
or obligation to. [Obs.]
If he had The present money to discharge the Jew. Shak.

11. To give forth; to emit or send out; as, a pipe discharges water;
to let fly; to give expression to; to utter; as, to discharge a
horrible oath.

12. To prohibit; to forbid. [Scot. Obs.] Sir W. Scott. Discharging
arch (Arch.), an arch over a door, window, or other opening, to
distribute the pressure of the wall above. See Illust. of Lintel.
 -- Discharging piece, Discharging strut (Arch.), a piece set to
carry thrust or weight to a solid point of support.
 -- Discharging rod (Elec.), a bent wire, with knobs at both ends,
and insulated by a glass handle. It is employed for discharging a
Leyden jar or an electrical battery. See Discharger.

Syn.
 -- See Deliver.

DISCHARGE
Dis*charge", v. i.

Defn: To throw off or deliver a load, charge, or burden; to unload;
to emit or give vent to fluid or other contents; as, the water pipe
discharges freely.
The cloud, if it were oily or fatty, would not discharge. Bacon.

DISCHARGE
Dis*charge", n. Etym: [Cf. F. décharge. See Discharge, v. t.]

1. The act of discharging; the act of relieving of a charge or load;
removal of a load or burden; unloading; as, the discharge of a ship;
discharge of a cargo.

2. Firing off; explosive removal of a charge; explosion; letting off;
as, a discharge of arrows, of artillery.

3. Act of relieving of something which oppresses or weighs upon one,
as an obligation, liability, debt, accusation, etc.; acquittance; as,
the discharge of a debtor.

4. Act of removing, or getting rid of, an obligation, liability,
etc.; fulfillment, as by the payment of a debt, or the performance of
a trust or duty.
Indefatigable in the discharge of business. Motley.
Nothing can absolve us from the discharge of those duties.
L'Estrange.

5. Release or dismissal from an office, employment, etc.; dismission;
as, the discharge of a workman by his employer.

6. Legal release from confinement; liberation; as, the discharge of a
prisoner.

7. The state of being discharged or relieved of a debt, obligation,
office, and the like; acquittal.
Too secure of our discharge From penalty. Milton.

8. That which discharges or releases from an obligation, liability,
penalty, etc., as a price of ransom, a legal document.
Death, who sets all free, Hath paid his ransom now and full
discharge. Milton.

9. A flowing or issuing out; emission; vent; evacuation; also, that
which is discharged or emitted; as, a rapid discharge of water from
the pipe.
The hemorrhage being stopped, the next occurrence is a thin serous
discharge. S. Sharp.

Charge and discharge. (Equity Practice) See under Charge, n.
 -- Paralytic discharge (Physiol.), the increased secretion from a
gland resulting from the cutting of all of its nerves.

DISCHARGER
Dis*char"ger, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, discharges. Specifically, in
electricity, an instrument for discharging a Leyden jar, or
electrical battery, by making a connection between the two surfaces;
a discharging rod.

DISCHEVELE
Dis*chev"ele, a.

Defn: Disheveled. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DISCHURCH
Dis*church", v. t.

Defn: To deprive of status as a church, or of membership in a church.
Bp. Hall.

DISCIDE
Dis*cide", v. t. Etym: [L. discidere; dis- + caedere to cut.]

Defn: To divide; to cleave in two. [Obs.] Spenser.

DISCIFEROUS
Dis*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Disc- + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing disks.

DISCIFLORAL; DISCIFLOROUS
Dis`ci*flo"ral, Dis`ci*flo"rous, a. Etym: [See Disk, and Floral.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Bearing the stamens on a discoid outgrowth of the receptacle; -
- said of a subclass of plants. Cf. Calycifloral.

DISCIFORM
Dis"ci*form, a.

Defn: Discoid.

DISCINA
Dis*ci"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. discus disk, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Branchiopoda, having a disklike shell, attached by
one valve, which is perforated by the peduncle.

DISCINCT
Dis*cinct, a. Etym: [L. discinctus, p. p. of discingere to ungird;
dis- + cingere to gird.]

Defn: Ungirded; loosely dressed. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

DISCIND
Dis*cind", v. t. Etym: [L. discindere; dis- + scindere to cut,
split.]

Defn: To part; to divide. [Obs.] Boyle.

DISCIPLE
Dis*ci"ple, n. Etym: [OE. disciple, deciple, OF. disciple, fr. L.
discipulus, fr. discere to learn (akin to docere to teach; see
Docile) + prob. a root meaning to turn or drive, as in L. pellere to
drive (see Pulse).]

Defn: One who receives instruction from another; a scholar; a
learner; especially, a follower who has learned to believe in the
truth of the doctrine of his teacher; an adherent in doctrine; as,
the disciples of Plato; the disciples of our Savior. The disciples,
or The twelve disciples, the twelve selected companions of Jesus; --
also called the apostles.
 -- Disciples of Christ. See Christian, n., 3, and Campbellite.

Syn.
 -- Learner; scholar; pupil; follower; adherent.

DISCIPLE
Dis*ci"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discipled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Discipling.]

1. To teach; to train. [Obs.]
That better were in virtues discipled. Spenser.

2. To punish; to discipline. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. To make disciples of; to convert to doctrines or principles. [R.]
Sending missionaries to disciple all nations. E. D. Griffin.

DISCIPLESHIP
Dis*ci"ple*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a disciple or follower in doctrines and
precepts. Jer. Taylor.

DISCIPLESS
Dis*ci"pless, n.

Defn: A female disciple. [Obs.]

DISCIPLINABLE
Dis"ci*plin*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. disciplinable. See Discipline.]

1. Capable of being disciplined or improved by instruction and
training.

2. Liable or deserving to be disciplined; subject to disciplinary
punishment; as, a disciplinable offense.

DISCIPLINABLENESS
Dis"ci*plin*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being improvable by discipline. Sir M. Hale.

DISCIPLINAL
Dis"ci*plin*al, a.

Defn: Relating to discipline. Latham.

DISCIPLINANT
Dis"ci*plin*ant, n. Etym: [See Discipline.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A flagellant. See Flagellant.

DISCIPLINARIAN
Dis`ci*plin*a"ri*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to discipline. "Displinarian system." Milman.

DISCIPLINARIAN
Dis`ci*plin*a"ri*an, n.

1. One who disciplines; one who excels in training, especially with
training, especially with regard to order and obedience; one who
enforces rigid discipline; a stickler for the observance of rules and
methods of training; as, he is a better disciplinarian than scholar.

2. A Puritan or Presbyterian; -- because of rigid adherence to
religious or church discipline. [Obs.]

DISCIPLINARY
Dis"ci*plin*a*ry, a. Etym: [LL. disciplinarius flogging: cf. F.
disciplinaire.]

Defn: Pertaining to discipline; intended for discipline; corrective;
belonging to a course of training.
Those canons . . . were only disciplinary. Bp. Ferne.
The evils of the . . . are disciplinary and remedial. Buckminster.

DISCIPLINE
Dis`ci*pline, n. Etym: [F. discipline, L. disciplina, from
discipulus. See Disciple.]

1. The treatment suited to a disciple or learner; education;
development of the faculties by instruction and exercise; training,
whether physical, mental, or moral.
Wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity. Bacon.
Discipline aims at the removal of bad habits and the substitution of
good ones, especially those of order, regularity, and obedience. C.
J. Smith.

2. Training to act in accordance with established rules; accustoming
to systematic and regular action; drill.
Their wildness lose, and, quitting nature's part, Obey the rules and
discipline of art. Dryden.

3. Subjection to rule; submissiveness to order and control; habit of
obedience.
The most perfect, who have their passions in the best discipline, are
yet obliged to be constantly on their guard. Rogers.

4. Severe training, corrective of faults; instruction by means of
misfortune, suffering, punishment, etc.
A sharp discipline of half a century had sufficed to educate
Macaulay.

5. Correction; chastisement; punishment inflicted by way of
correction and training.
Giving her the discipline of the strap. Addison.

6. The subject matter of instruction; a branch of knowledge. Bp.
Wilkins.

7. (Eccl.)

Defn: The enforcement of methods of correction against one guilty of
ecclesiastical offenses; reformatory or penal action toward a church
member.

8. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Self- inflicted and voluntary corporal punishment, as penance,
or otherwise; specifically, a penitential scourge.

9. (Eccl.)

Defn: A system of essential rules and duties; as, the Romish or
Anglican discipline.

Syn.
 -- Education; instruction; training; culture; correction;
chastisement; punishment.

DISCIPLINE
Dis"ci*pline, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disciplined; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disciplining.] Etym: [Cf. LL. disciplinarian to flog, fr. L.
disciplina discipline, and F. discipliner to discipline.]

1. To educate; to develop by instruction and exercise; to train.

2. To accustom to regular and systematic action; to bring under
control so as to act systematically; to train to act together under
orders; to teach subordination to; to form a habit of obedience in;
to drill.
Ill armed, and worse disciplined. Clarendon.
His mind . . . imperfectly disciplined by nature. Macaulay.

3. To improve by corrective and penal methods; to chastise; to
correct.
Has he disciplined Aufidius soundly Shak.

4. To inflict ecclesiastical censures and penalties upon.

Syn.
 -- To train; form; teach; instruct; bring up; regulate; correct;
chasten; chastise; punish.

DISCIPLINER
Dis"ci*plin*er, n.

Defn: One who disciplines.

DISCLAIM
Dis*claim", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disclaimed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disclaiming.]

1. To renounce all claim to deny; ownership of, or responsibility
for; to disown; to disavow; to reject.
He calls the gods to witness their offense; Disclaims the war,
asserts his innocence. Dryden.
He disclaims the authority of Jesus. Farmer.

2. To deny, as a claim; to refuse.
The payment was irregularly made, if not disclaimed. Milman.

3. (Law)

Defn: To relinquish or deny having a claim; to disavow another's
claim; to decline accepting, as an estate, interest, or office.
Burrill.

Syn.
 -- To disown; disavow; renounce; repudiate.

DISCLAIM
Dis*claim", v. t.

Defn: To disavow or renounce all part, claim, or share. Blackstone.
Disclaim in, Disclaim from, to disown; to disavow. [Obs.] "Nature
disclaims in thee." Shak.

DISCLAIMER
Dis*claim"er, n.

1. One who disclaims, disowns, or renounces.

2. (Law)

Defn: A denial, disavowal, or renunciation, as of a title, claim,
interest, estate, or trust; relinquishment or waiver of an interest
or estate. Burrill.

3. A public disavowal, as of pretensions, claims, opinions, and the
like. Burke.

DISCLAMATION
Dis`cla*ma"tion, n.

Defn: A disavowing or disowning. Bp. Hall.

DISCLAME
Dis*clame", v. t.

Defn: To disclaim; to expel. [Obs.] "Money did love disclame."
Spenser.

DISCLAUNDER
Dis*claun"der, v. t. Etym: [From OE. disclaundre, n., for sclandre,
esclandre, OF. esclandre. See Sclaundre, Slander.]

Defn: To injure one's good name; to slander. [Obs.]

DISCLOAK
Dis*cloak", v. t.

Defn: To take off a cloak from; to uncloak. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

DISCLOSE
Dis*close", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disclosed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disclosing.] Etym: [OE. desclosen, disclosen, fr. disclos, desclos,
not shut in, open, OF. desclos, p. p. of desclore to open, F.
déclore; pref. des- (L. dis-) + clore to shut, fr. L. claudere to
shut. See Close, and cf. Disclusion.]

1. To unclose; to open; -- applied esp. to eggs in the sense of to
hatch.
The ostrich layeth her eggs under sand, where the heat of the
discloseth them. Bacon.

2. To remove a cover or envelope from;; to set free from inclosure;
to uncover.
The shells being broken, . . . the stone included in them is thereby
disclosed and set at liberty. Woodward.

3. To lay open or expose to view; to cause to appear; to bring to
light; to reveal.
How softly on the Spanish shore she plays, Disclosing rock, and
slope, and forest brown! Byron.
Her lively looks a sprightly mind disclose. Pope.

4. To make known, as that which has been kept secret or hidden; to
reveal; to expose; as, events have disclosed his designs.
If I disclose my passion, Our friendship 's an end. Addison.

Syn.
 -- To uncover; open; unveil; discover; reveal; divulge; tell; utter.

DISCLOSE
Dis*close", n.

Defn: Disclosure. [Obs.] Shak. Young.

DISCLOSED
Dis*closed", p. a. (Her.)

Defn: Represented with wings expanded; -- applied to doves and other
birds not of prey. Cussans.

DISCLOSER
Dis*clos"er, n.

Defn: One who discloses.

DISCLOSURE
Dis*clo"sure, n. Etym: [See Disclose, v. t., and cf. Closure.]

1. The act of disclosing, uncovering, or revealing; bringing to
light; exposure.
He feels it [his secret] beating at his heart, rising to his throat,
and demanding disclosure. D. Webster.

2. That which is disclosed or revealed.
Were the disclosures of 1695 forgotten Macaulay.

DISCLOUD
Dis*cloud", v. t.

Defn: To clear from clouds. [Archaic] Fuller.

DISCLOUT
Dis*clout", v. t.

Defn: To divest of a clout. [R.]

DISCLUSION
Dis*clu"sion, n. Etym: [L. disclusio, fr. discludere, disclusum, to
separate. See Disclose.]

Defn: A shutting off; exclusion. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

DISCOAST
Dis*coast", v. i. Etym: [Pref. dis- + coast: cf. It. discostare.]

Defn: To depart; to quit the coast (that is, the side or border) of
anything; to be separated. [Obs.]
As far as heaven and earth discoasted lie. G. Fletcher.
To discoast from the plain and simple way of speech. Barrow.

DISCOBLASTIC
Dis`co*blas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Applied to a form of egg cleavage seen in osseous fishes, which
occurs only in a small disk that separates from the rest of the egg.

DISCOBOLUS
Dis*cob"o*lus, n.; pl. Discoboli. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Fine Arts)
(a) A thrower of the discus.
(b) A statue of an athlete holding the discus, or about to throw it

Note: The Discobolus of Myron was a famous statue of antiquity, and
several copies or imitations of it have been preserved.

DISCODACTYL
Dis`co*dac"tyl, n. Etym: [See Discodactylia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the tree frogs.

DISCODACTYLIA
Dis`co*dac*tyl"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of amphibians having suctorial disks on the toes, as
the tree frogs.

DISCODACTYLOUS
Dis`co*dac"tyl*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having sucking disks on the toes, as the tree frogs.

DISCOHERENT
Dis`co*her"ent, a.

Defn: Incoherent. [R.]

DISCOID
Dis"coid, a. Etym: [Gr. discoïde. See Disk.]

Defn: Having the form of a disk, as those univalve shells which have
the whorls in one plane, so as to form a disk, as the pearly
nautilus. Discoid flower (Bot.), a compound flower, consisting of
tubular florets only, as a tansy, lacking the rays which are seen in
the daisy and sunflower.

DISCOID
Dis"coid, n.

Defn: Anything having the form of a discus or disk; particularly, a
discoid shell.

DISCOIDAL
Dis*coid"al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. discoïdal.]

Defn: Disk-shaped; discoid.

DISCOLITH
Dis"co*lith, n. Etym: [Gr. -lith.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of a species of coccoliths, having an oval discoidal body,
with a thick strongly refracting rim, and a thinner central portion.
One of them measures about

DISCOLOR
Dis*col"or, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discolored; p. pr. & vb. n.
Discoloring.] Etym: [OE. descolouren, OF. descolorer, F. décolorer,
fr. L. dis- + cololare, coloratum, to color, color color. See Color.]
[Written also discolour.]

1. To alter the natural hue or color of; to change to a different
color; to stain; to tinge; as, a drop of wine will discolor water;
silver is discolored by sea water.

2. To alter the true complexion or appearance of; to put a false hue
upon.
To discolor all your ideas. Wat

DISCOLORATE
Dis*col"or*ate, v. t.

Defn: To discolor. [R.] Fuller.

DISCOLORATION
Dis*col`or*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. decoloration.]

1. The act of discoloring, or the state of being discolored;
alteration of hue or appearance. Darwin.

2. A discolored spot; a stain. Arbuthnot.

DISCOLORED
Dis*col"ored, a.

1. Altered in color;

2. Variegated; of divers colors. [R.]
That ever wore discolored arms. Chapman.

DISCOMFIT
Dis*com"fit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discomfited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Discomfiting.] Etym: [OF. desconfit, p. p. of desconfire, F.
déconfire; fr. L. dis- + conficere to make ready, prepare, bring
about. See Comfit, Fact.]

1. To scatter in fight; to put to rout; to defeat.
And his proud foes discomfit in victorious field. Spenser.

2. To break up and frustrate the plans of; to balk
Well, go with me and be not so discomfited. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To defeat; overthrow; overpower; vanquish; conquer; baffle;
frustrate; confound; discourage.

DISCOMFIT
Dis*com"fit, a.

Defn: Discomfited; overthrown. [Obs.]

DISCOMFIT
Dis*com"fit, n.

Defn: Rout; overthrow; discomfiture.
Such as discomfort as shall quite despoil him. Milton.

DISCOMFITURE
Dis*com"fi*ture, n. Etym: [OF. desconfiture, F. déconfiture. See
Discomfort, v. t., and cf. Comfiture.]

Defn: The act of discomfiting, or the state of being discomfited;
rout; overthrow; defeat; frustration; confusion and dejection.
Every man's sword was against his fellow, and there was a very great
discomfiture. 1 Sam. xiv. 20.
A hope destined to end . . . in discomfiture and disgrace. Macaulay.

DISCOMFORT
Dis*com"fort, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discomforted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Discomforting.] Etym: [OF. desconforter, F. déconforter, to
discourage; pref. des- (L dis-) + conforter. See Comfort.]

1. To discourage; to deject.
His funeral shall not be in our camp, Lest it discomfort us. Shak.

2. To destroy or disturb the comfort of; to deprive oas, a smoky
chimney discomforts a family.

DISCOMFORT
Dis*com"fort, n. Etym: [OF. desconfort, F. déconfort. See Discomfort,
v. t.]

1. Discouragement. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Want of comfort; uneasiness, mental or physical; disturbance of
peace; inquietude; pain; distress; sorrow. "An age of spiritual
discomfort." M. Arnold.
Strive against all the discomforts of thy sufferings. Bp. Hall.

DISCOMFORTABLE
Dis*com"fort*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. desconfortable.]

1. Causing discomfort; occasioning uneasiness; making sad. [Obs.] Sir
P. Sidney.

2. Destitute of comfort; uncomfortable. [R.]
A labyrinth of little discomfortable garrets. Thackeray.
-- Dis*com"fort*a*ble*ness, n. [Obs.]

DISCOMMEND
Dis`com*mend", v. t.

1. To mention with disapprobation; to blame; to disapprove. [R.]
Spenser.
By commending something in him that is good, and discommending the
same fault in others. Jer. Taylor.

2. To expose to censure or ill favor; to put out of the good graces
of any one.
A compliance will discommend me to Mr. Coventry. Pepys.

DISCOMMENDABLE
Dis`com*mend"a*ble, a.

Defn: Deserving, disapprobation or blame.
 -- Dis`com*mend"a*ble*ness, n.

DISCOMMENDATION
Dis*com`men*da"tion, n.

Defn: Blame; censure; reproach. [R.] Ayliffe.

DISCOMMENDER
Dis`com*mend"er, n.

Defn: One who discommends; a dispraiser. Johnson.

DISCOMMISSION
Dis`com*mis"sion, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of a commission or trust. [R.] Laud.

DISCOMMODATE
Dis*com"mo*date, v. t. Etym: [L. dis- + commodatus, p. p. of
commodare to make fit or suitable, fr. commodus fit, commodious. See
Commodious, and cf. Discommode.]

Defn: To discommode. [Obs.] Howell.

DISCOMMODE
Dis`com*mode", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discommoded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Discommoding.] Etym: [See Discommodate.]

Defn: To put inconvenience; to incommode; to trouble. [R.]

Syn.
 -- To incommode; annoy; inconvenience.

DISCOMMODIOUS
Dis`com*mo"di*ous, a.

Defn: Inconvenient; troublesome; incommodious. [R.] Spenser.
 -- Dis`com*mo"di*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Dis`com*mo"di*ous*ness, n.

DISCOMMODITY
Dis`com*mod"i*ty, n.

Defn: Disadvantage; inconvenience. Bacon.

DISCOMMON
Dis*com"mon, v. t.

1. To deprive of the right of common. [R.] Bp. Hall.

2. To deprive of privileges. [R.] T. Warton.

3. (Law)

Defn: To deprive of commonable quality, as lands, by inclosing or
appropriating. Burrill.

DISCOMMUNITY
Dis`com*mu"ni*ty, n.

Defn: A lack of common possessions, properties, or relationship.
Community of embryonic structure reveals community of descent; but
dissimilarity of embryonic development does not prove discommunity of
descent. Darwin.

DISCOMPANY
Dis*com"pa*ny, v. t.

Defn: To free from company; to dissociate. [R.]
It she be alone now, and discompanied. B. Jonson.

DISCOMPLEXION
Dis`com*plex"ion, v. t.

Defn: To change the complexion or hue of. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

DISCOMPLIANCE
Dis`com*pli"ance, n.

Defn: Failure or refusal to comply; noncompliance.
A compliance will discommend me to Mr. Coventry, and a discompliance
to my lord chancellor. Pepys.

DISCOMPOSE
Dis`com*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discomposed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Discomposing.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + compose: cf. OF. decomposer, F.
décomposer.]

1. To disarrange; to interfere with; to disturb; to disorder; to
unsettle; to break up.
Or discomposed the headdress of a prude. Pope.

2. To throw into disorder; to ruffle; to destroy the composure or
equanimity; to agitate.
Opposition . . . discomposeth the mind's serenity. Glanvill.

3. To put out of place or service; to discharge; to displace. [Obs.]
Bacon.

Syn.
 -- To disorder; derange; unsettle; disturb; disconcert; agitate;
ruffle; fret; vex.

DISCOMPOSED
Dis`com*posed", a.

Defn: Disordered; disturbed; disquieted.
 -- Dis`com*pos"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Dis`com*pos"ed*ness, n.

DISCOMPOSITION
Dis*com`po*si"tion, n.

Defn: Inconsistency; discordance. [Obs.] Donne.

DISCOMPOSURE
Dis`com*po"sure, n.

1. The state of being discomposed; disturbance; disorder; agitation;
perturbation.
No discomposure stirred her features. Akenside.

2. Discordance; disagreement of parts. [Obs.] Boyle.

DISCOMPT
Dis*compt", v. t. Etym: [See Discount.]

Defn: To discount. See Discount. Hudibras.

DISCONCERT
Dis`con*cert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disconcerted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disconcerting.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + concert: cf. OF. desconcerter, F.
déconcerter.]

1. To break up the harmonious progress of; to throw into disorder or
confusion; as, the emperor disconcerted the plans of his enemy.

2. To confuse the faculties of; to disturb the composure of; to
discompose; to abash.
The embrace disconcerted the daughter-in-law somewhat, as the
caresses of old gentlemen unshorn and perfumed with tobacco might
well do. Thackeray.

Syn.
 -- To discompose; derange; ruffle; confuse; disturb; defeat;
frustrate.

DISCONCERT
Dis`con*cert", n.

Defn: Want of concert; disagreement. Sir W. Temple.

DISCONCERTION
Dis`con*cer"tion, n.

Defn: The act of disconcerting, or state of being disconcerted;
discomposure; perturbation. [R.] State Trials (1794).

DISCONDUCIVE
Dis`con*du"cive, a.

Defn: Not conductive; impeding; disadvantageous. [R.]

DISCONFORMABLE
Dis`con*form"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not conformable.
Disconformable in religion from us. Stow (1603).

DISCONFORMITY
Dis`con*form"i*ty, n.

Defn: Want of conformity or correspondence; inconsistency;
disagreement.
Those . . . in some disconformity to ourselves. Milton.
Disagreement and disconformity betwixt the speech and the conception
of the mind. Hakewill.

DISCONGRUITY
Dis`con*gru"i*ty, n.

Defn: Incongruity; disagreement; unsuitableness. Sir M. Hale.

DISCONNECT
Dis`con*nect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disconnected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disconnecting.]

Defn: To dissolve the union or connection of; to disunite; to sever;
to separate; to disperse.
The commonwealth itself would . . . be disconnected into the dust and
powder of individuality. Burke.
This restriction disconnects bank paper and the precious metals.
Walsh.

DISCONNECTION
Dis`con*nec"tion, n.

Defn: The act of disconnecting, or state of being disconnected;
separation; want of union.
Nothing was therefore to be left in all the subordinate members but
weakness, disconnection, and confusion. Burke.

DISCONSECRATE
Dis*con"se*crate, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of consecration or sacredness. [R.]

DISCONSENT
Dis`con*sent", v. i.

Defn: To differ; to disagree; to dissent. [Obs.] Milton.

DISCONSOLACY
Dis*con"so*la`cy, n.

Defn: The state of being disconsolate. [Obs.] Barrow.

DISCONSOLATE
Dis*con"so*late, n.

Defn: Disconsolateness. [Obs.] Barrow.

DISCONSOLATE
Dis*con"so*late, a. Etym: [LL. disconsolatus; L. dis- + consolatus,
p. p. of consolari to console. See Console, v. t.]

1. Destitute of consolation; deeply dejected and dispirited;
hopelessly sad; comfortless; filled with grief; as, a bereaved and
disconsolate parent.
One morn a Peri at the gate Of Eden stood disconsolate. Moore.
The ladies and the knights, no shelter nigh, Were dropping wet,
disconsolate and wan. Dryden.

2. Inspiring dejection; saddening; cheerless; as, the disconsolate
darkness of the winter nights. Ray.

Syn.
 -- Forlorn; melancholy; sorrowful; desolate; woeful; hopeless;
gloomy.
 -- Dis*con"so*late*ly, adv.
 -- Dis*con"so*late*ness, n.

DISCONSOLATED
Dis*con"so*la`ted, a.

Defn: Disconsolate. [Obs.]
A poor, disconsolated, drooping creature. Sterne.

DISCONSOLATION
Dis*con`so*la"tion, n.

Defn: Dejection; grief. [R.] Bp. Hall.

DISCONTENT
Dis`con*tent", a.

Defn: Not content; discontented; dissatisfied. Jer. Taylor.
Passion seemed to be much discontent, but Patience was very quiet.
Bunyan.

DISCONTENT
Dis`con*tent", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discontented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Discontenting.]

Defn: To deprive if content; to make uneasy; to dissatisfy. Suckling.

DISCONTENT
Dis`con*tent", n.

1. Want of content; uneasiness and inquietude of mind;
dissatisfaction; disquiet.
Now is the winter of our discontent Made glorious summer by this sun
of York. Shak.
The rapacity of his father's administration had excited such
universal discontent. Hallam

2. A discontented person; a malcontent. [R.]
Thus was the Scotch nation full of discontents. Fuller.

DISCONTENTATION
Dis*con`ten*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Discontent. [Obs.] Ascham.

DISCONTENTED
Dis`con*tent"ed, p. p. & a.

Defn: Dissatisfied; uneasy in mind; malcontent.
And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt,
and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto him. 1
Sam. xxii. 2.
-- Dis`con*tent"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Dis`con*tent"ed*ness, n.

DISCONTENTFUL
Dis`con*tent"ful, a.

Defn: Full of discontent. [R.]

DISCONTENTING
Dis`con*tent"ing, a.

1. Discontented. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Causing discontent; dissatisfying. Milton.

DISCONTENTIVE
Dis`con*tent"ive, a.

Defn: Relating or tending to discontent. [R.] "Pride is ever
discontentive." Feltham.

DISCONTENTMENT
Dis`con*tent"ment, n.

Defn: The state of being discontented; uneasiness; inquietude. Bacon.

DISCONTINUABLE
Dis`con*tin"u*a*ble, a.

Defn: Admitting of being discontinued. [R.]

DISCONTINUANCE
Dis`con*tin"u*ance, n.

1. The act of discontinuing, or the state of being discontinued; want
of continued connection or continuity; breaking off; cessation;
interruption; as, a discontinuance of conversation or intercourse;
discontinuance of a highway or of travel.

2. (Law)
(a) A breaking off or interruption of an estate, which happened when
an alienation was made by a tenant in tail, or other tenant, seized
in right of another, of a larger estate than the tenant was entitled
to, whereby the party ousted or injured was driven to his real
action, and could not enter. This effect of such alienation is now
obviated by statute in both England and the United States.
(b) The termination of an action in practice by the voluntary act of
the plaintiff; an entry on the record that the plaintiff discontinues
his action.
(c) That technical interruption of the proceedings in pleading in an
action, which follows where a defendant does not answer the whole of
the plaintiff's declaration, and the plaintiff omits to take judgment
for the part unanswered. Wharton's Law Dict. Burrill.

Syn.
 -- Cessation; intermission; discontinuation; separation; disunion;
disjunction; disruption; break.

DISCONTINUATION
Dis`con*tin`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. discontinuation.]

Defn: Breach or interruption of continuity; separation of parts in a
connected series; discontinuance.
Upon any discontinuation of parts, made either by bubbles or by
shaking the glass, the whole mercury falls. Sir I. Newton.

DISCONTINUE
Dis`con*tin"ue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discontinued; p. pr. & vb. n.
Discontinuing.] Etym: [Cf. F. discontinuer.]

Defn: To interrupt the continuance of; to intermit, as a practice or
habit; to put an end to; to cause to cease; to cease using, to stop;
to leave off.
Set up their conventicles again, which had been discontinued. Bp.
Burnet.
I have discontinued school Above a twelvemonth. Shak.
Taught the Greek tongue, discontinued before in these parts the space
of seven hundred years. Daniel.
They modify and discriminate the voice, without appearing to
discontinue it. Holder.

DISCONTINUE
Dis`con*tin"ue, v. i.

1. To lose continuity or cohesion of parts; to be disrupted or broken
off. Bacon.

2. To be separated or severed; to part.
Thyself shalt discontinue from thine heritage. Jer. xvii. 4.

DISCONTINUEE
Dis`con*tin`u*ee", n. (Law)

Defn: One whose possession of an estate is broken off, or
discontinued; one whose estate is subject to discontinuance.

DISCONTINUER
Dis`con*tin"u*er, n.

Defn: One who discontinues, or breaks off or away from; an absentee.
He was no gadder abroad, not discontinuer from his convent for a long
time. Fuller.

DISCONTINUITY
Dis*con`ti*nu"i*ty, n.

Defn: Want of continuity or cohesion; disunion of parts.
"Discontinuity of surface." Boyle.

DISCONTINUOR
Dis`con*tin"u*or, n. (Law)

Defn: One who deprives another of the possession of an estate by
discontinuance. See Discontinuance, 2.

DISCONTINUOUS
Dis`con*tin"u*ous, a.

1. Not continuous; interrupted; broken off.
A path that is zigzag, discontinuous, and intersected at every turn
by human negligence. De Quincey.

2. Exhibiting a dissolution of continuity; gaping. "Discontinuous
wound." Milton. Discontinuous function (Math.), a function which for
certain values or between certain values of the variable does not
vary continuously as the variable increases. The discontinuity may,
for example, consist of an abrupt change in the value of the
function, or an abrupt change in its law of variation, or the
function may become imaginary.

DISCONVENIENCE
Dis`con*ven"ience, n.

Defn: Unsuitableness; incongruity. [Obs.] Bacon.

DISCONVENIENT
Dis`con*ven"ient, a.

Defn: Not convenient or congruous; unsuitable; ill-adapted. [Obs.]
Bp. Reynolds.

DISCOPHORA
Dis*coph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. to bear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of acalephs or jellyfishes, including most of the
large disklike species.
 -- Dis*coph"o*rous, a.

DISCORD
Dis"cord`, n. Etym: [OE. discord, descord, OF. discorde, descorde, F.
discorde, from L. discordia, fr. discors, -cordis, discordant,
disagreeable; dis- + cor, cordis, heart; cf. F. discord, n., and OF.
descorder, discorder, F. discorder, to discord, L. discordare, from
discors. See Heart, and cf. Discord, v. i.]

1. Want of concord or agreement; absence of unity or harmony in
sentiment or action; variance leading to contention and strife;
disagreement; -- applied to persons or to things, and to thoughts,
feelings, or purposes.
A false witness that speaketh lies, and he that soweth discord among
brethren. Prov. vi. 19.
Peace to arise out of universal discord fomented in all parts of the
empire. Burke.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Union of musical sounds which strikes the ear harshly or
disagreeably, owing to the incommensurability of the vibrations which
they produce; want of musical concord or harmony; a chord demanding
resolution into a concord.
For a discord itself is but a harshness of divers sounds mBacon.
Apple of discord. See under Apple.

Syn.
 -- Variance; difference; opposition; contrariety; clashing;
dissension; contention; strife; disagreement; dissonance.

DISCORD
Dis*cord", v. i. Etym: [OE. discorden, descorden, from the French.
See Discord, n.]

Defn: To disagree; to be discordant; to jar; to clash; not to suit.
[Obs.]
The one discording with the other. Bacon.

DISCORDABLE
Dis*cord"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. descordable.]

Defn: That may produce discord; disagreeing; discordant. [R.]
Halliwell.

DISCORDANCE; DISCORDANCY
Dis*cord"ance, Dis*cord"an*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. discordance.]

Defn: State or quality of being discordant; disagreement;
inconsistency.
There will arise a thousand discordances of opinion. I. Taylor.

DISCORDANT
Dis*cord"ant, a. Etym: [OE. discordant, descordaunt, OF. descordant,
discordant, F. discordant, p. pr. of discorder, OF. also, descorder.
See Discord, n.]

1. Disagreeing; incongruous; being at variance; clashing; opposing;
not harmonious.
The discordant elements out of which the emperor had compounded his
realm did not coalesce. Motley.

2. Etym: [See Discord, n.,

2.] (Mus.)

Defn: Dissonant; not in harmony or musical concord; harsh; jarring;
as, discordant notes or sounds.
For still their music seemed to start Discordant echoes in each
heart. Longfellow.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: Said of strata which lack conformity in direction of bedding,
either as in unconformability, or as caused by a fault.

Syn.
 -- Disagreeing; incongruous; contradictory; repugnant; opposite;
contrary; inconsistent; dissonant; harsh; jarring; irreconcilable.
 -- Dis*cord"ant*ly, adv.
 -- Dis*cord"ant*ness, n. [R.]

DISCORDFUL
Dis*cord"ful, a.

Defn: Full of discord; contentious. [Obs.] "His discordful dame."
Spenser.

DISCORDOUS
Dis*cord"ous, a.

Defn: Full of discord. [Obs.]

DISCORPORATE
Dis*cor"po*rate, a.

Defn: Deprived of the privileges or form of a body corporate. [Obs.]
Jas. II.

DISCORRESPONDENT
Dis*cor`re*spond"ent, a.

Defn: Incongruous. W. Montagu.

DISCOST
Dis*cost", v. i.

Defn: Same as Discoast. [Obs.]

DISCOUNSEL
Dis*coun"sel, v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + counsel: cf. OF.
desconseiller.]

Defn: To dissuade. [Obs.] Spenser.

DISCOUNT
Dis"count`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discounted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Discounting.] Etym: [OF. desconter, descompter, to deduct, F.
décompter to discount; pref. des- (L. dis-) + conter, compter. See
Count, v.]

1. To deduct from an account, debt, charge, and the like; to make an
abatement of; as, merchants sometimes discount five or six per cent
for prompt payment of bills.

2. To lend money upon, deducting the discount or allowance for
interest; as, the banks discount notes and bills of exchange.
Discount only unexceptionable paper. Walsh.

3. To take into consideration beforehand; to anticipate and form
conclusions concerning (an event).

4. To leave out of account; to take no notice of. [R.]
Of the three opinions (I discount Brown's). Sir W. Hamilton.

DISCOUNT
Dis"count`, v. i.

Defn: To lend, or make a practice of lending, money, abating the
discount; as, the discount for sixty or ninety days.

DISCOUNT
Dis"count`, n. Etym: [Cf. F. décompte. See Discount, v. t.]

1. A counting off or deduction made from a gross sum on any account
whatever; an allowance upon an account, debt, demand, price asked,
and the like; something taken or deducted.

2. A deduction made for interest, in advancing money upon, or
purchasing, a bill or note not due; payment in advance of interest
upon money.

3. The rate of interest charged in discounting. At a discount, below
par, or below the nominal value; hence, colloquially, out of favor;
poorly esteemed; depreciated.
 -- Bank discount, a sum equal to the interest at a given rate on the
principal (face) of a bill or note from the time of discounting until
it become due.
 -- Discount broker, one who makes a business of discounting
commercial paper; a bill broker.
 -- Discount day, a particular day of the week when a bank discounts
bills.
 -- True discount, the interest which, added to a principal, will
equal the face of a note when it becomes due. The principal yielding
this interest is the present value of the note.

DISCOUNTABLE
Dis*count"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being, or suitable to be, discounted; as, certain
forms are necessary to render notes discountable at a bank.

DISCOUNTENANCE
Dis*coun"te*nance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discountenanced; p. pr. & vb.
n. Discountenancing.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + countenance: cf. OF.
descontenancer, F. décontenancer.]

1. To ruffle or discompose the countenance of; to put of countenance;
to put to shame; to abash.
How would one look from his majestic brow . . . Discountenance her
despised! Milton.
The hermit was somewhat discountenanced by this observation. Sir W.
Scott.

2. To refuse to countenance, or give the support of one's approval
to; to give one's influence against; to restrain by cold treatment;
to discourage.
A town meeting was convened to discountenance riot. Bancroft.

DISCOUNTENANCE
Dis*coun"te*nance, n.

Defn: Unfavorable aspect; unfriendly regard; cold treatment;
disapprobation; whatever tends to check or discourage.
He thought a little discountenance on those persons would suppress
that spirit. Clarendon.

DISCOUNTENANCER
Dis*coun"te*nan*cer, n.

Defn: One who discountenances; one who disfavors. Bacon.

DISCOUNTER
Dis"count`er, n.

Defn: One who discounts; a discount broker. Burke.

DISCOURAGE
Dis*cour"age (; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discouraged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Discouraging.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + courage: cf. OF. descoragier, F.
décourager: pref. des- (L. dis-) + corage, F. courage. See Courage.]

1. To extinguish the courage of; to dishearten; to depress the
spirits of; to deprive of confidence; to deject; -- the opposite of
encourage; as, he was discouraged in his undertaking; he need not be
discouraged from a like attempt.
Fathers, provoke not your children to anger, lest they be
discouraged. Col. iii. 21.

2. To dishearten one with respect to; to discountenance; to seek to
check by disfavoring; to deter one from; as, they discouraged his
efforts.

Syn.
 -- To dishearten; dispirit; depress; deject; dissuade; disfavor.

DISCOURAGE
Dis*cour"age, n.

Defn: Lack of courage; cowardliness.

DISCOURAGEABLE
Dis*cour"age*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being discouraged; easily disheartened. Bp. Hall.

DISCOURAGEMENT
Dis*cour"age*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. descouragement, F.
découragement.]

1. The act of discouraging, or the state of being discouraged;
depression or weakening of confidence; dejection.

2. That which discourages; that which deters, or tends to deter, from
an undertaking, or from the prosecution of anything; a determent; as,
the revolution was commenced under every possible discouragement.
"Discouragements from vice." Swift.

DISCOURAGER
Dis*cour"a*ger, n.

Defn: One who discourages.
The promoter of truth and the discourager of error. Sir G. C. Lewis.

DISCOURAGING
Dis*cour"a*ging, a.

Defn: Causing or indicating discouragement.
 -- Dis*cour"a*ging*ly, adv.

DISCOURE
Dis*coure", v. t.

Defn: To discover. [Obs.]
That none might her discoure. Spenser.

DISCOURSE
Dis*course", n. Etym: [L. discursus a running to and fro, discourse,
fr. discurrere, discursum, to run to and fro, to discourse; dis- +
currere to run: cf. F. discours. See Course.]

1. The power of the mind to reason or infer by running, as it were,
from one fact or reason to another, and deriving a conclusion; an
exercise or act of this power; reasoning; range of reasoning faculty.
[Obs.]
Difficult, strange, and harsh to the discourses of natural reason.
South.
Sure he that made us with such large discourse, Looking before and
after, gave us not That capability and godlike reason To fust in us
unused. Shak.

2. Conversation; talk.
In their discourses after supper. Shak.
Filling the head with variety of thoughts, and the mouth with copious
discourse. Locke.

3. The art and manner of speaking and conversing.
Of excellent breeding, admirable discourse. Shak.

4. Consecutive speech, either written or unwritten, on a given line
of thought; speech; treatise; dissertation; sermon, etc.; as, the
preacher gave us a long discourse on duty.

5. Dealing; transaction. [Obs.]
Good Captain Bessus, tell us the discourse Betwixt Tigranes and our
king, and how We got the victory. Beau. & Fl.

DISCOURSE
Dis*course", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Discoursed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Discoursing.]

1. To exercise reason; to employ the mind in judging and inferring;
to reason. [Obs.] "Have sense or can discourse." Dryden.

2. To express one's self in oral discourse; to expose one's views; to
talk in a continuous or formal manner; to hold forth; to speak; to
converse.
Bid me discourse, I will enchant thine ear. Shak.

3. To relate something; to tell. Shak.

4. To treat of something in writing and formally.

DISCOURSE
Dis*course", v. t.

1. To treat of; to expose or set forth in language. [Obs.]
The life of William Tyndale . . . is sufficiently and at large
discoursed in the book. Foxe.

2. To utter or give forth; to speak.
It will discourse mosShak.

3. To talk to; to confer with. [Obs.]
I have spoken to my brother, who is the patron, to discourse the
minister about it. Evelyn.

DISCOURSER
Dis*cours"er, n.

1. One who discourse; a narrator; a speaker; an haranguer.
In his conversation he was the most clear discourser. Milward.

2. The writer of a treatise or dissertation.
Philologers and critical discoursers. Sir T. Browne.

DISCOURSIVE
Dis*cours"ive, a. Etym: [See Discursive.]

1. Reasoning; characterized by reasoning; passing from premises to
consequences; discursive. Milton.

2. Containing dialogue or conversation; interlocutory.
The epic is everywhere interlaced with dialogue or discoursive
scenes. Dryden.

3. Inclined to converse; conversable; communicative; as, a
discoursive man. [R.]

DISCOURSIVE
Dis*cours"ive, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being discoursive or able to reason.
[R.] Feltham.

DISCOURTEOUS
Dis*cour"te*ous (; see Courteous, 277), a. Etym: [Pref. dis- +
courteous: cf. OF. discortois.]

Defn: Uncivil; rude; wanting in courtesy or good manners;
uncourteous.
 -- Dis*cour"te*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Dis*cour"te*ous*ness, n.

DISCOURTESY
Dis*cour"te*sy, n. Etym: [Pref. dis- + courtesy: cf. OF.
descourtoisie.]

Defn: Rudeness of behavior or language; ill manners; manifestation of
disrespect; incivility.
Be calm in arguing; for fierceness makes Error a fault, and truth
discourtesy. Herbert.

DISCOURTSHIP
Dis*court"ship, n.

Defn: Want of courtesy. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

DISCOUS
Disc"ous, a. Etym: [L. discus disk. See Disk.]

Defn: Disklike; discoid.

DISCOVENANT
Dis*cov"e*nant, v. t.

Defn: To dissolve covenant with.

DISCOVER
Dis*cov"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discovered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Discovering.] Etym: [OE. discoveren, discuren, descuren, OF.
descovrir, descouvrir, F. découvrir; des- (L. dis-) + couvrir to
cover. See Cover.]

1. To uncover. [Obs.]
Whether any man hath pulled down or discovered any church. Abp.
Grindal.

2. To disclose; to lay open to view; to make visible; to reveal; to
make known; to show (what has been secret, unseen, or unknown).
Go, draw aside the curtains, and discover The several caskets to this
noble prince. Shak.
Prosperity doth best discover vice; but adversity doth best discover
virtue. Bacon.
We will discover ourselves unto them. 1 Sam. xiv. 8.
Discover not a secret to another. Prov. xxv. 9.

3. To obtain for the first time sight or knowledge of, as of a thing
existing already, but not perceived or known; to find; to ascertain;
to espy; to detect.
Some to discover islands far away. Shak.

4. To manifest without design; to show.
The youth discovered a taste for sculpture. C. J. Smith.

5. To explore; to examine. [Obs.]

Syn.
 -- To disclose; bring out; exhibit; show; manifest; reveal;
communicate; impart; tell; espy; find; out; detect.
 -- To Discover, Invent. We discover what existed before, but
remained unknown; we invent by forming combinations which are either
entirely new, or which attain their end by means unknown before.
Columbus discovered America; Newton discovered the law of
gravitation; Whitney invented the cotton gin; Galileo invented the
telescope.

DISCOVER
Dis*cov"er, v. i.

Defn: To discover or show one's self. [Obs.]
This done, they discover. Decke
Nor was this the first time that they discovered to be followers of
this world. Milton.

DISCOVERABILITY
Dis*cov`er*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being discoverable. [R.] Carlyle.

DISCOVERABLE
Dis*cov"er*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being discovered, found out, or perceived; as, many
minute animals are discoverable only by the help of the microscope;
truths discoverable by human industry.

DISCOVERER
Dis*cov"er*er, n.

1. One who discovers; one who first comes to the knowledge of
something; one who discovers an unknown country, or a new principle,
truth, or fact.
The discoverers and searchers of the land. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. A scout; an explorer. Shak.

DISCOVERMENT
Dis*cov"er*ment, n.

Defn: Discovery. [Obs.]

DISCOVERT
Dis*cov"ert, a. Etym: [Cf. F. découvert uncovered, OF. descovert. See
Discover, Covert.] (Law)

Defn: Not covert; not within the bonds of matrimony; unmarried; --
applied either to a woman who has never married or to a widow.

DISCOVERT
Dis*cov"ert, n.

Defn: An uncovered place or part. [Obs.] At discovert, uncovered.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

DISCOVERTURE
Dis*cov"er*ture, n. Etym: [Pref. dis- + coverture: cf. OF.
descoverture.]

1. Discovery. [Obs.]

2. (Law)

Defn: A state of being released from coverture; freedom of a woman
from the coverture of a husband.

DISCOVERY
Dis*cov"er*y, n.; pl. Discoveries (.

1. The action of discovering; exposure to view; laying open; showing;
as, the discovery of a plot.

2. A making known; revelation; disclosure; as, a bankrupt is bound to
make a full discovery of his assets.
In the clear discoveries of the next [world]. South.

3. Finding out or ascertaining something previously unknown or
unrecognized; as, Harvey's discovery of the circulation of the blood.
A brilliant career of discovery and conquest. Prescott.
We speak of the "invention" of printing, the discovery of America.
Trench.

4. That which is discovered; a thing found out, or for the first time
ascertained or recognized; as, the properties of the magnet were an
important discovery.

5. Exploration; examination. [Obs.]

DISCOVERY DAY
Dis*cov"er*y Day.

Defn: = Columbus Day, above.

DISCRADLE
Dis*cra"dle, v. t.

Defn: To take from a cradle. [R.]
This airy apparition first discradled From Tournay into Portugal.
Ford.

DISCREDIT
Dis*cred"it, n. Etym: [Cf. F. discrédit.]

1. The act of discrediting or disbelieving, or the state of being
discredited or disbelieved; as, later accounts have brought the story
into discredit.

2. Hence, some degree of dishonor or disesteem; ill repute; reproach;
-- applied to persons or things.
It is the duty of every Christian to be concerned for the reputation
or discredit his life may bring on his profession. Rogers.

Syn.
 -- Disesteem; disrepute; dishonor; disgrace; ignominy; scandal;
disbelief; distrust.

DISCREDIT
Dis*cred"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discredited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Discrediting.] Etym: [Cf. F. discréditer.]

1. To refuse credence to; not to accept as true; to disbelieve; as,
the report is discredited.

2. To deprive of credibility; to destroy confidence or trust in; to
cause disbelief in the accuracy or authority of.
An occasion might be given to the . . . papists of discrediting our
common English Bible. Strype.

2. To deprive of credit or good repute; to bring reproach upon; to
make less reputable; to disgrace.
He. . . least discredits his travels who returns the same man he
went. Sir H. Wotton.

DISCREDITABLE
Dis*cred"it*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not creditable; injurious to reputation; disgraceful;
disreputable.
 -- Dis*cred"it*a*bly, adv.

DISCREDITOR
Dis*cred"it*or, n.

Defn: One who discredits.

DISCREET
Dis*creet", a. [Compar. Discreeter; superl. Discreetest.] Etym: [F.
discret, L. discretus separated (whence the meaning reserved,
prudent), p. p. of discernere. See Discern, and cf. Discrete.]

1. Possessed of discernment, especially in avoiding error or evil,
and in the adaptation of means to ends; prudent; sagacious;
judicious; not rash or heedless; cautious.
It is the discreet man, not the witty, nor the learned, nor the
brave, who guides the conversation, and gives measures to society.
Addison.
Satire 's my weapon, but I 'm too discreet To run amuck, and tilt at
all I meet. Pope.
The sea is silent, the sea is discreet. Longfellow.

2. Differing; distinct. [Obs.] Spenser.
 -- Dis*creet"ly, adv.
 -- Dis*creet"ness, n.

DISCREPANCE; DISCREPANCY
Dis*crep"ance, Dis*crep"an*cy, n.; pl. -ances, -ancies. Etym: [L.
disrepantia: cf. OF. discrepance. See Discrepant.]

Defn: The state or quality of being discrepant; disagreement;
variance; discordance; dissimilarity; contrariety.
There hath been ever a discrepance of vesture of youth and age, men
and women. Sir T. Elyot.
There is no real discrepancy between these two genealogies. G. S.
Faber.

DISCREPANT
Dis*crep"ant, a. Etym: [L. discrepans, -antis, p. pr. of discrepare
to sound differently or discordantly; dis- + crepare to rattle,
creak: cf. OF. discrepant. See Crepitate.]

Defn: Discordant; at variance; disagreeing; contrary; different.
The Egyptians were . . . the most oddly discrepant from the rest in
their manner of worship. Cudworth.

DISCREPANT
Dis*crep"ant, n.

Defn: A dissident. J. Taylor.

DISCRETE
Dis*crete", a. Etym: [L. discretus, p. p. of discernere. See
Discreet.]

1. Separate; distinct; disjunct. Sir M. Hale.

2. Disjunctive; containing a disjunctive or discretive clause; as, "I
resign my life, but not my honor," is a discrete proposition.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Separate; not coalescent; -- said of things usually coalescent.
Discrete movement. See Concrete movement of the voice, under
Concrete, a.
 -- Discrete proportion, proportion where the ratio of the means is
different from that of either couplet; as, 3:6::8:16, 3 bearing the
same proportion to 6 as 8 does to 16. But 3 is not to 6 as 6 to 8. It
is thus opposed to continued or continual proportion; as, 3:6::12:24.
 -- Discrete quantity, that which must be divided into units, as
number, and is opposed to continued quantity, as duration, or
extension.

DISCRETE
Dis*crete", v. t.

Defn: To separate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

DISCRETELY
Dis*crete"ly, adv.

Defn: Separately; disjunctively.

DISCRETION
Dis*cre"tion, n. Etym: [F. discrétion, L. discretio separation,
difference, discernment, fr. discernere, discretum. See Discreet,
Discern.]

1. Disjunction; separation. [Obs.] Mede.

2. The quality of being discreet; wise conduct and management;
cautious discernment, especially as to matters of propriety and self-
control; prudence; circumspection; wariness.
The better part of valor is discretion. Shak.
The greatest parts without discretion may be fatal to their owner.
Hume.

3. Discrimination.
Well spoken, with good accent and good discretion. Shak.

4. Freedom to act according to one's own judgment; unrestrained
exercise of choice or will. At discretion, without conditions or
stipulations.

DISCRETIONAL; DISCRETIONARY
Dis*cre"tion*al, Dis*cre"tion*a*ry,Etym: [Cf. F. discrétionnaire.]

Defn: Left to discretion; unrestrained except by discretion or
judgment; as, an ambassador with discretionary powers.

DISCRETIONALLY; DISCRETIONARILY
Dis*cre"tion*al*ly, Dis*cre"tion*a*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: At discretion; according to one's discretion or judgment.

DISCRETIVE
Dis*cre"tive, a. Etym: [L. discretivus. See Discrete.]

Defn: Marking distinction or separation; disjunctive. Discretive
proposition (Logic & Gram.), one that expresses distinction,
opposition, or variety, by means of discretive particles, as but,
though, yet, etc.; as, travelers change their climate, but not their
temper.

DISCRETIVELY
Dis*cre"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a discretive manner.

DISCRIMINABLE
Dis*crim"i*na*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being discriminated. [Obs.] Bailey.

DISCRIMINAL
Dis*crim"i*nal, a. Etym: [L. discriminalis serving to divide.]

Defn: In palmistry, applied to the line which marks the separation
between the hand and the arm.

DISCRIMINANT
Dis*crim"i*nant, n. Etym: [L. discriminans, p. pr. of discriminare.]
(Math.)

Defn: The eliminant of the n partial differentials of any homogenous
function of n variables. See Eliminant.

DISCRIMINATE
Dis*crim"i*nate, a. Etym: [L. discriminatus, p. p. of discriminare to
divide, separate, fr. discrimen division, distinction, decision, fr.
discernere. See Discern, and cf. Criminate.]

Defn: Having the difference marked; distinguished by certain tokens.
Bacon.

DISCRIMINATE
Dis*crim"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discriminated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Discriminating.]

Defn: To set apart as being different; to mark as different; to
separate from another by discerning differences; to distinguish.
Cowper.
To discriminate the goats from the sheep. Barrow.

DISCRIMINATE
Dis*crim"i*nate, v. i.

1. To make a difference or distinction; to distinguish accurately;
as, in judging of evidence, we should be careful to discriminate
between probability and slight presumption.

2.
(a) To treat unequally.
(b) (Railroads) To impose unequal tariffs for substantially the same
service.

DISCRIMINATELY
Dis*crim"i*nate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a discriminating manner; distinctly.

DISCRIMINATENESS
Dis*crim"i*nate*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being discriminated; distinctness.

DISCRIMINATING
Dis*crim"i*na`ting, a.

Defn: Marking a difference; distinguishing.
 -- Dis*crim"i*na`ting*ly, adv.
And finds with keen discriminating sight, Black's not so black; --
nor white so very white. Canning.

DISCRIMINATION
Dis*crim`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. discriminatio the contrasting of
opposite thoughts.]

1. The act of discriminating, distinguishing, or noting and marking
differences.
To make an anxious discrimination between the miracle absolute and
providential. Trench.

2. The state of being discriminated, distinguished, or set apart. Sir
J. Reynolds.

3. (Railroads)

Defn: The arbitrary imposition of unequal tariffs for substantially
the same service.
A difference in rates, not based upon any corresponding difference in
cost, constitutes a case of discrimination. A. T. Hadley.

4. The quality of being discriminating; faculty of nicely
distinguishing; acute discernment; as, to show great discrimination
in the choice of means.

5. That which discriminates; mark of distinction.

Syn.
 -- Discernment; penetration; clearness; acuteness; judgment;
distinction. See Discernment.

DISCRIMINATIVE
Dis*crim"i*na*tive, a.

1. Marking a difference; distinguishing; distinctive; characteristic.
That peculiar and discriminative form of life. Johnson.

2. Observing distinctions; making differences; discriminating.
"Discriminative censure." J. Foster. "Discriminative Providence." Dr.
H. More.

DISCRIMINATIVELY
Dis*crim"i*na*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: With discrimination or distinction. J. Foster.

DISCRIMINATOR
Dis*crim"i*na`tor, n. Etym: [LL.]

Defn: One who discriminates.

DISCRIMINATORY
Dis*crim"i*na*to*ry, a.

Defn: Discriminative.

DISCRIMINOUS
Dis*crim"i*nous, a. Etym: [LL. discriminosus, fr. L. discrimen the
dangerous, decisive moment. See Discriminate, a.]

Defn: Hazardous; dangerous. [Obs.] Harvey.

DISCRIVE
Dis*crive", v. t. Etym: [OF. descrivre. See Describe.]

Defn: To describe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DISCROWN
Dis*crown", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discrowned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Discrowning.]

Defn: To deprive of a crown.
The end had crowned the work; it not unreasonably discrowned the
workman. Motley.

DISCRUCIATE
Dis*cru"ci*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discruciated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Discruciating.] Etym: [L. discruciatus, p. p. of discruciare. See
Cruciate.]

Defn: To torture; to excruciate. [Obs.]
Discruciate a man in deep distress. Herrick.

DISCUBITORY
Dis*cu"bi*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. discumbere, discubitum, to lie down,
recline at table; dis- + cumbere (in comp.) to lie down.]

Defn: Leaning; fitted for a reclining posture. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

DISCULPATE
Dis*cul"pate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disculpated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disculpating.] Etym: [LL. disculpatus, p. p. of disculpare to
disculpate; dis- + L. culpare to blame, culpa fault.]

Defn: To free from blame or the imputation of a fault; to exculpate.
I almost fear you think I begged it, but I can disculpate myself.
Walpole.

DISCULPATION
Dis`cul*pa"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. disculpation.]

Defn: Exculpation. Burke.

DISCULPATORY
Dis*cul"pa*to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to exculpate; exculpatory.

DISCUMBENCY
Dis*cum"ben*cy, n. Etym: [From L. discumbens, p. pr. of discumbere.
See Discubitory.]

Defn: The act of reclining at table according to the manner of the
ancients at their meals. Sir T. Browne.

DISCUMBER
Dis*cum"ber, v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + cumber: cf. OF. descombrer.]

Defn: To free from that which cumbers or impedes; to disencumber.
[Archaic] Pope.

DISCURE
Dis*cure", v. t. Etym: [See Discover.]

Defn: To discover; to reveal; to discoure. [Obs.]
I will, if please you it discure, assay To ease you of that ill, so
wisely as I may. Spenser.

DISCURRENT
Dis*cur"rent, a.

Defn: Not current or free to circulate; not in use. [Obs.] Sir E.
Sandys.

DISCURSION
Dis*cur"sion, n. Etym: [LL. discursio a running different ways. See
Discourse.]

Defn: The act of discoursing or reasoning; range, as from thought to
thought. Coleridge.

DISCURSIST
Dis*cur"sist, n.

Defn: A discourser. [Obs.] L. Addison.

DISCURSIVE
Dis*cur"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. discursif. See Discourse, and cf.
Discoursive.]

1. Passing from one thing to another; ranging over a wide field;
roving; digressive; desultory. "Discursive notices." De Quincey.
The power he [Shakespeare] delights to show is not intense, but
discursive. Hazlitt.
A man rather tacit than discursive. Carlyle.

2. Reasoning; proceeding from one ground to another, as in reasoning;
argumentative.
Reason is her being, Discursive or intuitive. Milton.
-- Dis*cur"sive*ly, adv.
 -- Dis*cur"sive*ness, n.

DISCURSORY
Dis*cur`so*ry, a.

Defn: Argumentative; discursive; reasoning. [R.] Bp. Hall.

DISCURSUS
Dis*cur"sus, n. Etym: [L.] (Logic)

Defn: Argumentation; ratiocination; discursive reasoning.

DISCUS
Dis"cus, n.; pl. E. Discuses, L. Disci. Etym: [L. See Disk.]

1.
(a) A quoit; a circular plate of some heavy material intended to be
pitched or hurled as a trial of strength and skill.
(b) The exercise with the discus.

Note: This among the Greeks was one of the chief gymnastic exercises
and was included in the Pentathlon (the contest of the five
exercises). The chief contest was that of throwing the discus to the
greatest possible distance.

2. A disk. See Disk.

DISCUSS
Dis*cuss", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discussed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Discussing.] Etym: [L. discussus, p. p. of discutere to strike
asunder (hence came the sense to separate mentally, distinguish);
dis- + quatere to shake, strike. See Quash.]

1. To break to pieces; to shatter. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. To break up; to disperse; to scatter; to dissipate; to drive away;
-- said especially of tumors.
Many arts were used to discuss the beginnings of new affection. Sir
H. Wotton.
A pomade . . . of virtue to discuss pimples. Rambler.

3. To shake; to put away; to finish. [Obs.]
All regard of shame she had discussed. Spenser.

4. To examine in detail or by disputation; to reason upon by
presenting favorable and adverse considerations; to debate; to sift;
to investigate; to ventilate. "We sat and . . . discussed the farm .
. . and the price of grain." Tennyson. "To discuss questions of
taste." Macaulay.

5. To deal with, in eating or drinking. [Colloq.]
We sat quietly down and discussed a cold fowl that we had brought
with us. Sir S. Baker.

6. (Law)

Defn: To examine or search thoroughly; to exhaust a remedy against,
as against a principal debtor before proceeding against the surety.
Burrill.

Syn.
 -- To Discuss, Examine, Debate. We speak of examining a subject when
we ponder it with care, in order to discover its real state, or the
truth respecting it. We speak of discussing a topic when we examine
it thoroughly in its distinct parts. The word is very commonly
applied to matters of opinion. We may discuss a subject without
giving in an adhesion to any conclusion. We speak of debating a point
when we examine it in mutual argumentation between opposing parties.
In debate we contend for or against some conclusion or view.

DISCUSSER
Dis*cuss"er, n.

Defn: One who discusses; one who sifts or examines. Wood.

DISCUSSION
Dis*cus"sion, n. Etym: [L. discussio a shaking, examination,
discussion: cf. F. discussion.]

1. The act or process of discussing by breaking up, or dispersing, as
a tumor, or the like.

2. The act of discussing or exchanging reasons; examination by
argument; debate; disputation; agitation.
The liberty of discussion is the great safeguard of all other
liberties. Macaulay.
Discussion of a problem or an equation (Math.), the operation of
assigning different reasonable values to the arbitrary quantities and
interpreting the result. Math. Dict.

DISCUSSIONAL
Dis*cus"sion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to discussion.

DISCUSSIVE
Dis*cuss"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. discussif.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Able or tending to discuss or disperse tumors or coagulated
matter.

2. Doubt-dispelling; decisive. [R.]
A kind of peremptory and discussive voice. Hopkins.

DISCUSSIVE
Dis*cuss"ive, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine that discusses or disperses morbid humors; a
discutient.

DISCUTIENT
Dis*cu"tient, a. Etym: [L. discutiens, p. pr. of discutere. See
Discuss.] (Med.)

Defn: Serving to disperse morbid matter; discussive; as, a discutient
application.
 -- n.

Defn: An agent (as a medicinal application) which serves to disperse
morbid matter. "Foment with discutiens." Wiseman.

DISDAIN
Dis*dain", n. Etym: [OE. desdain, disdein, OF. desdein, desdaing, F.
dédain, fr. the verb. See Disdain, v. t.]

1. A feeling of contempt and aversion; the regarding anything as
unworthy of or beneath one; scorn.
How my soul is moved with just disdain! Pope.

Note: Often implying an idea of haughtiness.
Disdain and scorn ride sparkling in her eyes. Shak.

2. That which is worthy to be disdained or regarded with contempt and
aversion. [Obs.]
Most loathsome, filthy, foul, and full of vile disdain. Spenser.

3. The state of being despised; shame. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- Haughtiness; scorn; contempt; arrogance; pride. See Haughtiness.

DISDAIN
Dis*dain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disdained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disdaining.] Etym: [OE. disdainen, desdainen, OF. desdeigner,
desdaigner, F. dédaigner; des- (L. dis-) + daigner to deign, fr. L.
dignari to deem worthy. See Deign.]

1. To think unworthy; to deem unsuitable or unbecoming; as, to
disdain to do a mean act.
Disdaining . . . that any should bear the armor of the best knight
living. Sir P. Sidney.

2. To reject as unworthy of one's self, or as not deserving one's
notice; to look with scorn upon; to scorn, as base acts, character,
etc.
When the Philistine . . . saw Dawid, he disdained him; for he was but
a youth. 1 Sam. xvii. 42.
'T is great, 't manly to disdain disguise. Young.

Syn.
 -- To contemn; despise; scorn. See Contemn.

DISDAIN
Dis*dain", v. i.

Defn: To be filled with scorn; to feel contemptuous anger; to be
haughty.
And when the chief priests and scribes saw the marvels that he did .
. . they disdained. Genevan Testament (Matt. xxi. 15).

DISDAINED
Dis*dained", a.

Defn: Disdainful. [Obs.]
Revenge the jeering and disdained contempt Of this proud king. Shak.

DISDAINFUL
Dis*dain"ful, a.

Defn: Full of disdain; expressing disdain; scornful; contemptuous;
haughty.
From these Turning disdainful to an equal good. Akenside.
-- Dis*dain"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Dis*dain"ful*ness, n.

DISDAINISHLY
Dis*dain"ish*ly, adv.

Defn: Disdainfully. [Obs.] Vives.

DISDAINOUS
Dis*dain"ous, a. Etym: [OF. desdeignos, desdaigneux, F. dédaigneux.]

Defn: Disdainful. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

DISDAINOUSLY
Dis*dain"ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Disdainfully. [Obs.] Bale.

DISDEIFY
Dis*de"i*fy, v. t.

Defn: To divest or deprive of deity or of a deific rank or condition.
Feltham.

DISDEIGN
Dis*deign", v. t.

Defn: To disdain. [Obs.]
Guyon much disdeigned so loathly sight. Spenser.

DISDIACLAST
Dis*di"a*clast, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: One of the dark particles forming the doubly refracting disks
of muscle fibers.

DISDIAPASON
Dis*di`a*pa"son, n. Etym: [Pref. dis- (Gr. diapason.] (Anc. Mus.)

Defn: An interval of two octaves, or a fifteenth; -- called also
bisdiapason.

DISEASE
DIs*ease", n. Etym: [OE. disese, OF. desaise; des- (L. dis-) + aise
ease. See Ease.]

1. Lack of ease; uneasiness; trouble; vexation; disquiet. [Obs.]
So all that night they passed in great disease. Spenser.
To shield thee from diseases of the world. Shak.

2. An alteration in the state of the body or of some of its organs,
interrupting or disturbing the performance of the vital functions,
and causing or threatening pain and weakness; malady; affection;
illness; sickness; disorder; -- applied figuratively to the mind, to
the moral character and habits, to institutions, the state, etc.
Diseases desperate grown, By desperate appliances are relieved. Shak.
The instability, injustice, and confusion introduced into the public
counsels have, in truth, been the mortal diseases under which popular
governments have every where perished. Madison.
Disease germ. See under Germ.

Syn.
 -- Distemper; ailing; ailment; malady; disorder; sickness; illness;
complaint; indisposition; affection.
 -- Disease, Disorder, Distemper, Malady, Affection. Disease is the
leading medical term. Disorder meanirregularity of the system.
Distemper is now used by physicians only of the diseases of animals.
Malady is not a medical term, and is less used than formerly in
literature. Affection has special reference to the part, organ, or
function disturbed; as, his disease is an affection of the lungs. A
disease is usually deep-seated and permanent, or at least prolonged;
a disorder is often slight, partial, and temporary; malady has less
of a technical sense than the other terms, and refers more especially
to the suffering endured. In a figurative sense we speak of a disease
mind, of disordered faculties, and of mental maladies.

DISEASE
Dis*ease", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Diseased; p. pr. & vb. n. Diseasing.]

1. To deprive of ease; to disquiet; to trouble; to distress. [Obs.]
His double burden did him sore disease. Spenser.

2. To derange the vital functions of; to afflict with disease or
sickness; to disorder; -- used almost exclusively in the participle
diseased.
He was diseased in body and mind. Macaulay.

DISEASED
Dis*eased", a.

Defn: Afflicted with disease.
It is my own diseased imagination that torments me. W. Irving.

Syn.
 -- See Morbid.

DISEASEDNESS
Dis*eas"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being diseased; a morbid state; sickness. [R.] T.
Burnet.

DISEASEFUL
Dis*ease"ful, a.

1. Causing uneasiness. [Obs.]
Disgraceful to the king and diseaseful to the people. Bacon.

2. Abounding with disease; producing diseases; as, a diseaseful
climate. [R.]

DISEASEFULNESS
Dis*ease"ful*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being diseaseful; trouble; trial. [R.] Sir P.
Sidney.

DISEASEMENT
Dis*ease"ment, n.

Defn: Uneasiness; inconvenience. [Obs.] Bacon.

DISEDGE
Dis*edge", v. t.

Defn: To deprive of an edge; to blunt; to dull.
Served a little to disedge The sharpness of that pain about her
heart. Tennyson.

DISEDIFY
Dis*ed"i*fy, v. t.

Defn: To fail of edifying; to injure. [R.]

DISELDER
Dis*eld"er, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of an elder or elders, or of the office of an elder.
[Obs.] Fuller.

DISELENIDE
Di*sel"e*nide (; 104), n. Etym: [Pref. di- + selenide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A selenide containing two atoms of selenium in each molecule.

DISEMBARK
Dis`em*bark", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disembarked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disembarking.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + embark: cf. F. désembarquer.]

Defn: To remove from on board a vessel; to put on shore; to land; to
debark; as, the general disembarked the troops.

Go to the bay, and disembark my coffers. Shak.

DISEMBARK
Dis`em*bark", v. i.

Defn: To go ashore out of a ship or boat; to leave a ship; to debark.
And, making fast their moorings, disembarked. Cowper.

DISEMBARKATION
Dis*em`bar*ka"tion, n.

Defn: The act of disembarking.

DISEMBARKMENT
Dis`em*bark"ment, n.

Defn: Disembarkation. [R.]

DISEMBARRASS
Dis`em*bar"rass, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disembarrassed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disembarrassing.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + embarrass: cf. F.
désembarasser.]

Defn: To free from embarrassment, or perplexity; to clear; to
extricate.
To disembarrass himself of his companion. Sir W. Scott.

DISEMBARRASSMENT
Dis`em*bar"rass*ment, n.

Defn: Freedom or relief from impediment or perplexity.

DISEMBAY
Dis`em*bay", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disembayed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disembaying.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + embay.]

Defn: To clear from a bay. Sherburne.

DISEMBELLISH
Dis`em*bel"lish, v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + embellish: cf. F.
désembellir.]

Defn: To deprive of embellishment; to disadorn. Carlyle.

DISEMBITTER
Dis`em*bit"ter, v. t.

Defn: To free from

DISEMBODIED
Dis`em*bod"ied, a.

Defn: Divested of a body; ceased to be corporal; incorporeal.
The disembodied spirits of the dead. Bryant.

DISEMBODIMENT
Dis`em*bod"i*ment, n.

Defn: The act of disembodying, or the state of being disembodied.

DISEMBODY
Dis`em*bod"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disembodied; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disembodying.]

1. To divest of the or corporeal existence.
Devils embodied and disembodied. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To disarm and disband, as a body of soldiers,-Wilhelm.

DISEMBOGUE
Dis`em*bogue", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disembogued; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disemboguing.] Etym: [Sp. desembocar; pref. des- (L. dis-) + embocar
to put into the mouth, fr. en (L. in) + boca mouth, fr. L. bucca
cheek. Cf. Debouch, Embogue.]

1. To pour out or discharge at the mouth, as a stream; to vent; to
discharge into an ocean, a lake, etc.
Rolling down, the steep Timavdisembogues his waves. Addison.

2. To eject; to cast forth. [R.] Swift.

DISEMBOGUE
Dis`em*bogue", v. i.

Defn: To become discharged; to flow put; to find vent; to pour out
contents.
Volcanos bellow ere they disembogue. Young.

DISEMBOGUEMENT
Dis`em*bogue"ment, n.

Defn: The act of disemboguing; discharge. Mease.

DISEMBOSSOM
Dis`em*bos"som, v. t.

Defn: To separate from the bosom. [R.] Young.

DISEMBOWEL
Dis`em*bow"el, v. t. Etym: [See Embowel.]

1. To take or let out the bowels or interior parts of; to eviscerate.
Soon after their death, they are disemboweled. Cook.
Roaring floods and cataracts that sweep From disemboweled earth the
virgin gold. Thomson.

2. To take or draw from the body, as the web of a spider. [R.] "Her
disemboweled web." J. Philips.

DISEMBOWELMENT
Dis`em*bow"el*ment, n.

Defn: The act of disemboweling, or state of being disemboweled;
evisceration.

DISEMBOWERED
Dis`em*bow"ered, a.

Defn: Deprived of, or removed from, a bower. [Poetic] Bryant.

DISEMBRANGLE
Dis`em*bran"gle, v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + em = en (L. in) +
brangle.]

Defn: To free from wrangling or litigation. [Obs.] Berkeley.

DISEMBROIL
Dis`em*broil", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disembroiled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disembroiling.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + embroil.]

Defn: To disentangle; to free from perplexity; to extricate from
confusion.
Vaillant has disembroiled a history that was lost to the world before
his time. Addison.

DISEMPLOY
Dis`em*ploy", v. t.

Defn: To throw out of employment. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

DISEMPLOYMENT
Dis`em*ploy"ment, n.

Defn: The state of being disemployed, or deprived of employment.
This glut of leisure and disemployment. Jer. Taylor.

DISEMPOWER
Dis`em*pow"er, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of power; to divest of strength. H. Bushnell.

DISENABLE
Dis`en*a"ble, v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + enable.]

Defn: To disable; to disqualify.
The sight of it might damp me and disenable me to speak. State Trials
(1640).

DISENAMOR
Dis`en*am"or, v. t.

Defn: To free from the captivity of love. Shelton.

DISENCHAINED
Dis`en*chained", a.

Defn: Freed from restraint; unrestrained. [Archaic] E. A. Poe.

DISENCHANT
Dis`en*chant", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disenchanted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disenchanting.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + enchant: cf. F. désenchanter.]

Defn: To free from enchantment; to deliver from the power of charms
or spells; to free from fascination or delusion.
Haste to thy work; a noble stroke or two Ends all the charms, and
disenchants the grove. Dryden.

DISENCHANTER
Dis`en*chant"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, disenchants.

DISENCHANTMENT
Dis`en*chant"ment, n. Etym: [Pref. dis- + enchantment: cf. F.
désenchantement.]

Defn: The act of disenchanting, or state of being disenchanted.
Shelton.

DISENCHARM
Dis`en*charm", v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + en (L. in) + charm.]

Defn: To free from the influence of a charm or spell; to disenchant.
[R.] Jer. Taylor.

DISENCLOSE
Dis`en*close, v. t.

Defn: See Disinclose.

DISENCOURAGEMENT
Dis`en*cour"age*ment, n.

Defn: Discouragement. [Obs.] Spectator.

DISENCRESE
Dis`en*crese", v. i. Etym: [Pref. dis- + OE. encrese, E. increase.]

Defn: To decrease. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DISENCRESE
Dis`en*crese", n.

Defn: Decrease. [Obs.]

DISENCUMBER
Dis`en*cum"ber, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disencumbered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disencumbering.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + encumber: cf. F. désencombrer.]

Defn: To free from encumbrance, or from anything which clogs,
impedes, or obstructs; to disburden. Owen.
I have disencumbered myself from rhyme. Dryden.

DISENCUMBRANCE
Dis`en*cum"brance, n.

Defn: Freedom or deliverance from encumbrance, or anything burdensome
or troublesome. Spectator.

DISENDOW
Dis`en*dow", v. t.

Defn: To deprive of an endowment, as a church. Gladstone.

DISENDOWMENT
Dis`en*dow"ment, n.

Defn: The act of depriving of an endowment or endowments.
[The] disendowment of the Irish Church. G. B. Smith.

DISENFRANCHISE
Dis`en*fran"chise, v. t.

Defn: To disfranchise; to deprive of the rights of a citizen.
 -- Dis`en*fran"chise*ment, n.

DISENGAGE
Dis`en*gage" (, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disengaged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disengaging.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + engage: cf. F. désengager.]

Defn: To release from that with which anything is engaged, engrossed,
involved, or entangled; to extricate; to detach; to set free; to
liberate; to clear; as, to disengage one from a party, from broils
and controversies, from an oath, promise, or occupation; to disengage
the affections a favorite pursuit, the mind from study.
To disengage him and the kingdom, great sums were to be borrowed.
Milton.
Caloric and light must be disengaged during the process. Transl. of
Lavoisier.

Syn.
 -- To liberate; free; loose; extricate; clear; disentangle; detach;
withdraw; wean.

DISENGAGE
Dis`en*gage", v. i.

Defn: To release one's self; to become detached; to free one's self.
From a friends's grave how soon we disengage! Young.

DISENGAGED
Dis`en*gaged", a.

Defn: Not engaged; free from engagement; at leisure; free from
occupation or care; vacant.
 -- Dis`en*ga"ged*ness, n.

DISENGAGEMENT
Dis`en*gage"ment, n. Etym: [Pref. dis- + engagement: cf. F.
désengagement.]

1. The act of disengaging or setting free, or the state of being
disengaged.
It is easy to render this disengagement of caloric and light evident
to the senses. Transl. of Lavoisier.
A disengagement from earthly trammels. Sir W. Jones.

2. Freedom from engrossing occupation; leisure.
Disengagement is absolutely necessary to enjoyment. Bp. Butler.

DISENGAGING
Dis`en*ga"ging, a.

Defn: Loosing; setting free; detaching. Disengaging machinery. See
under Engaging.

DISENNOBLE
Dis`en*no"ble, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of that which ennobles; to degrade.
An unworthy behavior degrades and disennobles a man. Guardian.

DISENROLL
Dis`en*roll", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Disenrolled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disenrolling.]

Defn: To erase from a roll or list. [Written also disenrol.] Donne.

DISENSANITY
Dis`en*san"i*ty, n. Etym: [Pref. dis- + en (L. in) + sanity.]

Defn: Insanity; folly. [Obs.]
What tediosity and disensanity Is here among! Beau. & Fl.

DISENSHROUDED
Dis`en*shroud"ed, a.

Defn: Freed from a shroudlike covering; unveiled.
The disenshrouded statue. R. Browning.

DISENSLAVE
Dis`en*slave", v. t.

Defn: To free from bondage or slavery; to disenthrall.
He shall disenslave and redeem his soul. South.

DISENTAIL
Dis`en*tail", v. t. (Law)

Defn: To free from entailment.

DISENTANGLE
Dis`en*tan"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disentangled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disentangling.]

1. To free from entanglement; to release from a condition of being
intricately and confusedly involved or interlaced; to reduce to
orderly arrangement; to straighten out; as, to disentangle a skein of
yarn.

2. To extricate from complication and perplexity; disengage from
embarrassing connection or intermixture; to disembroil; to set free;
to separate.
To disentangle truth from error. Stewart.
To extricate and disentangle themselves out of this labyrinth.
Clarendon.
A mind free and disentangled from all corporeal mixtures. Bp.
Stillingfleet.

Syn.
 -- To loose; extricate; disembarrass; disembroil; clear; evolve;
disengage; separate; detach.

DISENTANGLEMENT
Dis`en*tan"gle*ment, n.

Defn: The act of disentangling or clearing from difficulties. Warton.

DISENTER
Dis`en*ter", v. t.

Defn: See Disinter.

DISENTHRALL
Dis`en*thrall", v. t. Etym: [See Enthrall.]

Defn: To release from thralldom or slavery; to give freedom to; to
disinthrall. [Written also disenthral.] Milton.

DISENTHRALLMENT
Dis`en*thrall"ment, n.

Defn: Liberation from bondage; emancipation; disinthrallment.
[Written also disenthralment.]

DISENTHRONE
Dis`en*throne", v. t.

Defn: To dethrone; to depose from sovereign authority. Milton.

DISENTITLE
Dis`en*ti"tle, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of title or claim.
Every ordinary offense does not disentitle a son to the love of his
father. South.

DISENTOMB
Dis`en*tomb", v. t.

Defn: To take out from a tomb; a disinter.

DISENTRAIL
Dis`en*trail", v. t.

Defn: To disembowel; to let out or draw forth, as the entrails.
[Obs.]
As if he thought her soul to disentrail. Spenser.

DISENTRANCE
Dis`en*trance", v. t.

Defn: To awaken from a trance or an enchantment. Hudibras.

DISENTWINE
Dis`en*twine", v. t.

Defn: To free from being entwined or twisted. Shelley.

DISEPALOUS
Di*sep"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. di- + sepalous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having two sepals; two-sepaled.

DISERT
Dis*ert", a. Etym: [L. disertus, for dissertus, p. p.: cf. F. disert.
See Dissert.]

Defn: Eloquent. [Obs.]

DISERTITUDE
Dis*er"ti*tude, n. Etym: [L. disertitud

Defn: Eloquence. [Obs.]

DISERTY
Dis*ert"y, adv.

Defn: Expressly; clearly; eloquently. [Obs.] Holland.

DISESPOUSE
Dis`es*pouse", v. t.

Defn: To release from espousal or plighted faith. [Poetic] Milton.

DISESTABLISH
Dis`es*tab"lish, v. t.

Defn: To unsettle; to break up (anything established); to deprive, as
a church, of its connection with the state. M. Arnold.

DISESTABLISHMENT
Dis`es*tab"lish*ment, n.

1. The act or process of unsettling or breaking up that which has
been established; specifically, the withdrawal of the support of the
state from an established church; as, the disestablishment and
disendowment of the Irish Church by Act of Parliament.

2. The condition of being disestablished.

DISESTEEM
Dis`es*teem", n.

Defn: Want of esteem; low estimation, inclining to dislike; disfavor;
disrepute.
Disesteem and contempt of the public affairs. Milton.

DISESTEEM
Dis`es*teem", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disesteemed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disesteeming.]

1. To feel an absence of esteem for; to regard with disfavor or
slight contempt; to slight.
But if this sacred gift you disesteem. Denham.
Qualities which society does not disesteem. Ld. Lytton.

2. To deprive of esteem; to bring into disrepute; to cause to be
regarded with disfavor. [Obs.]
What fables have you vexed, what truth redeemed, Antiquities
searched, opinions disesteemed B. Jonson.

DISESTEEMER
Dis`es*teem"er, n.

Defn: One who disesteems. Boyle.

DISESTIMATION
Dis*es`ti*ma"tion, n.

Defn: Disesteem.

DISEXERCISE
Dis*ex"er*cise, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of exercise; to leave untrained. [Obs.]
By disexercising and blunting our abilities. Milton.

DISFAME
Dis*fame", n.

Defn: Disrepute. [R.] Tennyson.

DISFANCY
Dis*fan"cy, v. t.

Defn: To dislike. [Obs.]

DISFASHION
Dis*fash"ion, v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + fashion. See Fashion, and cf.
Defeat.]

Defn: To disfigure. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

DISFAVOR
Dis*fa"vor, n. Etym: [Pref. dis- + favor: cf. OF. disfaveur, F.
défaveur.] [Written also disfavour.]

1. Want of favor of favorable regard; disesteem; disregard.
The people that deserved my disfavor. Is. x. 6 (1551).
Sentiment of disfavor against its ally. Gladstone.

2. The state of not being in favor; a being under the displeasure of
some one; state of unacceptableness; as, to be in disfavor at court.

3. An unkindness; a disobliging act.
He might dispense favors and disfavors. Clarendon.

DISFAVOR
Dis*fa"vor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disfavored; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disfavoring.]

1. To withhold or withdraw favor from; to regard with disesteem; to
show disapprobation of; to discountenance.
Countenanced or disfavored according as they obey. Swift.

2. To injure the form or looks of. [R.] B. Jonson.

DISFAVORABLE
Dis*fa"vor*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. défavorable.]

Defn: Unfavorable. [Obs.] Stow.

DISFAVORABLY
Dis*fa"vor*a*bly, adv.

Defn: Unpropitiously. [Obs.]

DISFAVORER
Dis*fa"vor*er, n.

Defn: One who disfavors. Bacon.

DISFEATURE
Dis*fea"ture, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Defeature.]

Defn: To deprive of features; to mar the features of. [R.]

DISFELLOWSHIP
Dis*fel"low*ship, v. t. Etym: [See Fellowship, v. t.]

Defn: To exclude from fellowship; to refuse intercourse with, as an
associate.
An attempt to disfellowship an evil, but to fellowship the evildoer.
Freewill Bapt. Quart.

DISFIGURATION
Dis*fig`u*ra"tion, n. Etym: [See Disfigure, and cf. Defiguration.]

Defn: The act of disfiguring, or the state of being disfigured;
defacement; deformity; disfigurement. Gauden.

DISFIGURE
Dis*fig"ure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disfigured; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disfiguring.] Etym: [OF. desfigurer, F. défigurer; pref. des- (L.
dis-) + figurer to fashion, shape, fr. L. figurare, fr. figura
figure. See Figure, and cf. Defiguration.]

Defn: To mar the figure of; to render less complete, perfect, or
beautiful in appearance; to deface; to deform.
Disfiguring not God's likeness, but their own. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To deface; deform; mar; injure.

DISFIGURE
Dis*fig"ure, n.

Defn: Disfigurement; deformity. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DISFIGUREMENT
Dis*fig"ure*ment, n.

1. Act of disfiguring, or state of being disfigured; deformity.
Milton.

2. That which disfigures; a defacement; a blot.
Uncommon expressions . . . are a disfigurement rather than any
embellishment of discourse. Hume.

DISFIGURER
Dis*fig"ur*er, n.

Defn: One who disfigures.

DISFLESH
Dis*flesh", v. t.

Defn: To reduce the flesh or obesity of. [Obs.] Shelton.

DISFOREST
Dis*for"est, v. t.

1. To disafforest. Fuller.

2. To clear or deprive of forests or trees.

DISFORESTATION
Dis*for`es*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of clearing land of forests. Daniel.

DISFORMITY
Dis*form"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. Deformity.]

Defn: Discordance or diversity of form; unlikeness in form.
Uniformity or disformity in comparing together the respective figures
of bodies. S. Clarke.

DISFRANCHISE
Dis*fran"chise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disfranchised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disfranchising.] Etym: [Cf. Diffranchise.]

Defn: To deprive of a franchise or chartered right; to dispossess of
the rights of a citizen, or of a particular privilege, as of voting,
holding office, etc.
Sir William Fitzwilliam was disfranchised. Fabyan (1509).
He was partially disfranchised so as to be made incapable of taking
part in public affairs. Thirlwall.

DISFRANCHISEMENT
Dis*fran"chise*ment, n.

Defn: The act of disfranchising, or the state disfranchised;
deprivation of privileges of citizenship or of chartered immunities.
Sentenced first to dismission from the court, and then to
disfranchisement and expulsion from the colony. Palfrey.

DISFRIAR
Dis*fri"ar, v. t.

Defn: To depose or withdraw from the condition of a friar. [Obs.]
Many did quickly unnun and disfriar themselves. Fuller.

DISFROCK
Dis*frock", v. t.

Defn: To unfrock.

DISFURNISH
Dis*fur"nish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disfurnished; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disfurnishing.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + furnish.]

Defn: To deprive of that with which anything is furnished (furniture,
equipments, etc.); to strip; to render destitute; to divest.
I am a thing obscure, disfurnished of All merit, that can raise me
higher. Massinger.

DISFURNISHMENT
Dis*fur"nish*ment, n.

Defn: The act of disfurnishing, or the state of being disfurnished.
Daniel.

DISFURNITURE
Dis*fur"ni*ture, n.

Defn: The act of disfurnishing, or the state of being disfurnished.
[Obs.]

DISFURNITURE
Dis*fur"ni*ture, v. t.

Defn: To disfurnish. [R.] East.

DISGAGE
Dis*gage", v. t.

Defn: To free from a gage or pledge; to disengage. [Obs.] Holland.

DISGALLANT
Dis*gal"lant, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of gallantry. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

DISGARLAND
Dis*gar"land, v. t.

Defn: To strip of a garland. [Poetic] "Thy locks disgarland."
Drummond.

DISGARNISH
Dis*gar"nish, v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + garnish. See Degarnish.]

Defn: To divest of garniture; to disfurnish; to dismantle. Bp. Hall.

DISGARRISON
Dis*gar"ri*son, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of a garrison. Hewyt.

DISGAVEL
Dis*gav"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disgaveled or Disgaveled; p. pr. &
vb. n. Disgaveling.] Etym: [See Gavelkind.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: To deprive of that principal quality of gavelkind tenure by
which lands descend equally among all the sons of the tenant; -- said
of lands. Burrill.

DISGEST
Dis*gest", v. t.

Defn: To digest. [Obs.] Bacon.

DISGESTION
Dis*ges"tion, n.

Defn: Digestion. [Obs.]

DISGLORIFY
Dis*glo"ri*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disglorified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disglorifying.]

Defn: To deprive of glory; to treat with indignity. [R.]
Disglorified, blasphemed, and had in scorn. Milton.

DISGLORY
Dis*glo"ry, n.

Defn: Dishonor. [Obs.]
To the disglory of God's name. Northbrooke.

DISGORGE
Dis*gorge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disgorged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disgorging.] Etym: [F. dégorger, earlier desgorger; pref. dé-, des-
(L. dis-) + gorge. See Gorge.]

1. To eject or discharge by the throat and mouth; to vomit; to pour
forth or throw out with violence, as if from the mouth; to discharge
violently or in great quantities from a confined place.
This mountain when it rageth, . . . casteth forth huge stones,
disgorgeth brimstone. Hakluyt.
They loudly laughed To see his heaving breast disgorge the briny
draught. Dryden.

2. To give up unwillingly as what one has wrongfully seized and
appropriated; to make restitution of; to surrender; as, he was
compelled to disgorge his ill-gotten gains.

DISGORGE
Dis*gorge", v. i.

Defn: To vomit forth what anything contains; to discharge; to make
restitution.
See where it flows, disgorging at seven mouths Into the sea. Milton.

DISGORGEMENT
Dis*gorge"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dégorgement.]

Defn: The act of disgorging; a vomiting; that which is disgorged. Bp.
Hall.

DISGOSPEL
Dis*gos"pel, v. i.

Defn: To be inconsistent with, or act contrary to, the precepts of
the gospel; to pervert the gospel. [Obs.] Milton.

DISGRACE
Dis*grace", n. Etym: [F. disgrâce; pref. dis- (L. dis-) + grâce. See
Grace.]

1. The condition of being out of favor; loss of favor, regard, or
respect.
Macduff lives in disgrace. Shak.

2. The state of being dishonored, or covered with shame; dishonor;
shame; ignominy.
To tumble down thy husband and thyself From top of honor to
disgrace's feet Shak.

3. That which brings dishonor; cause of shame or reproach; great
discredit; as, vice is a disgrace to a rational being.

4. An act of unkindness; a disfavor. [Obs.]
The interchange continually of favors and disgraces. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Disfavor; disesteem; opprobrium; reproach; discredit;
disparagement; dishonor; shame; infamy; ignominy; humiliation.

DISGRACE
Dis*grace", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disgraced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disgracing.] Etym: [Cf. F. disgracier. See Disgrace, n.]

1. To put out favor; to dismiss with dishonor.
Flatterers of the disgraced minister. Macaulay.
Pitt had been disgraced and the old Duke of Newcastle dismissed. J.
Morley.

2. To do disfavor to; to bring reproach or shame upon; to dishonor;
to treat or cover with ignominy; to lower in estimation.
Shall heap with honors him they now disgrace. Pope.
His ignorance disgraced him. Johnson.

3. To treat discourteously; to upbraid; to revile.
The goddess wroth gan foully her disgrace. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- To degrade; humble; humiliate; abase; disparage; defame;
dishonor; debase.

DISGRACEFUL
Dis*grace"ful, a.

Defn: Bringing disgrace; causing shame; shameful; dishonorable;
unbecoming; as, profaneness is disgraceful to a man.
 -- Dis*grace"ful*fy, adv.
 -- Dis*grace"ful*ness, n.
The Senate have cast you forth disgracefully. B. Jonson.

DISGRACER
Dis*gra"cer, n.

Defn: One who disgraces.

DISGRACIOUS
Dis*gra"cious, a. Etym: [Cf. F. disgracieux.]

Defn: Wanting grace; unpleasing; disagreeable. Shak.

DISGRACIVE
Dis*gra"cive, a.

Defn: Disgracing. [Obs.] Feltham.

DISGRADATION
Dis`gra*da"tion, n. (Scots Law)

Defn: Degradation; a stripping of titles and honors.

DISGRADE
Dis*grade", v. t.

Defn: To degrade. [Obs.] Foxe.

DISGRADUATE
Dis*grad"u*ate, v. t.

Defn: To degrade; to reduce in rank. [Obs.] Tyndale.

DISGREGATE
Dis"gre*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. disgregare; dis- + gregare to collect,
fr. grex, gregis, flock or herd.]

Defn: To disperse; to scatter; -- opposite of congregate. [Obs.]

DISGREGATION
Dis`gre*ga"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The process of separation, or the condition of being separate,
as of the molecules of a body.

DISGRUNTLE
Dis*grun"tle, v. t.

Defn: To dissatisfy; to disaffect; to anger. [Colloq.]

DISGUISE
Dis*guise" (; 232), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disguised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disguising.] Etym: [OE. desguisen, disgisen, degisen, OF. desguisier,
F. déguiser; pref. des- (L. dis-) + guise. See Guise.]

1. To change the guise or appearance of; especially, to conceal by an
unusual dress, or one intended to mislead or deceive.
Bunyan was forced to disguise himself as a wagoner. Macaulay.

2. To hide by a counterfeit appearance; to cloak by a false show; to
mask; as, to disguise anger; to disguise one's sentiments, character,
or intentions.
All God's angels come to us disguised. Lowell.

3. To affect or change by liquor; to intoxicate.
I have just left the right worshipful, and his myrmidons, about a
sneaker or five gallons; the whole magistracy was pretty well
disguised before I gave them the ship. Spectator.

Syn.
 -- To conceal; hide; mask; dissemble; dissimulate; feign; pretend;
secrete. See Conceal.

DISGUISE
Dis*guise", n.

1. A dress or exterior put on for purposes of concealment or of
deception; as, persons doing unlawful acts in disguise are subject to
heavy penalties.
There is no passion steals into the heart more imperceptibly and
covers itself under more disguises, than pride. Addison.

2. Artificial language or manner assumed for deception; false
appearance; counterfeit semblance or show.
That eye which glances through all disguises. D. Webster.

3. Change of manner by drink; intoxication. Shak.

4. A masque or masquerade. [Obs.]
Disguise was the old English word for a masque. B. Jonson.

DISGUISEDLY
Dis*guis"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In disguise.

DISGUISEDNESS
Dis*guis"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being disguised.

DISGUISEMENT
Dis*guise"ment, n.

Defn: Disguise. [R.] Spenser.

DISGUISER
Dis*guis"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, disguises. Shak.

2. One who wears a disguise; an actor in a masquerade; a masker.
[Obs.] E. Hall.

DISGUISING
Dis*guis"ing, n.

Defn: A masque or masquerade. [Obs.]

DISGUST
Dis*gust", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disgusted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disgusting.] Etym: [OF. desgouster, F. dégoûter; pref. des- (L. dis-)
+ gouster to taste, F. goûter, fr. L. gustare, fr. gustus taste. See
Gust to taste.]

Defn: To provoke disgust or strong distaste in; to cause (any one)
loathing, as of the stomach; to excite aversion in; to offend the
moral taste of; -- often with at, with, or by.
To disgust him with the world and its vanities. Prescott.
Ærius is expressly declared . . . to have been disgusted at failing.
J. H. Newman.
Alarmed and disgusted by the proceedings of the convention. Macaulay.

DISGUST
Dis*gust", n. Etym: [Cf. OF. desgoust, F. dégoût. See Disgust, v. t.]

Defn: Repugnance to what is offensive; aversion or displeasure
produced by something loathsome; loathing; strong distaste; -- said
primarily of the sickening opposition felt for anything which offends
the physical organs of taste; now rather of the analogous repugnance
excited by anything extremely unpleasant to the moral taste or higher
sensibilities of our nature; as, an act of cruelty may excite
disgust.
The manner of doing is more consequence than the thing done, and upon
that depends the satisfaction or disgust wherewith it is received.
Locke.
In a vulgar hack writer such oddities would have excited only
disgust. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Nausea; loathing; aversion; distaste; dislike; disinclination;
abomination. See Dislike.

DISGUSTFUL
Dis*gust"ful, a.

Defn: Provoking disgust; offensive to the taste; exciting aversion;
disgusting.
That horrible and disgustful situation. Burke.

DISGUSTFULNESS
Dis*gust"ful*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being disgustful.

DISGUSTING
Dis*gust"ing, a.

Defn: That causes disgust; sickening; offensive; revolting.
 -- Dis*gust"ing*ly, adv.

DISH
Dish, n. Etym: [AS. disc, L. discus dish, disc, quoit, fr. Gr. Dais,
Desk, Disc, Discus.]

1. A vessel, as a platter, a plate, a bowl, used for serving up food
at the table.
She brought forth butter in a lordly dish. Judg. v. 25.

2. The food served in a dish; hence, any particular kind of food; as,
a cold dish; a warm dish; a delicious dish. "A dish fit for the
gods." Shak.
Home-home dishes that drive one from home. Hood.

3. The state of being concave, or like a dish, or the degree of such
concavity; as, the dish of a wheel.

4. A hollow place, as in a field. Ogilvie.

5. (Mining)
(a) A trough about 28 inches long, 4 deep, and 6 wide, in which ore
is measured.
(b) That portion of the produce of a mine which is paid to the land
owner or proprietor.

DISH
Dish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dished; p. pr. & vb. n. Dishing.]

1. To put in a dish, ready for the table.

2. To make concave, or depress in the middle, like a dish; as, to
dish a wheel by inclining the spokes.

3. To frustrate; to beat; to ruin. [Low] To dish out.

1. To serve out of a dish; to distribute in portions at table.

2. (Arch.) To hollow out, as a gutter in stone or wood.
 -- To dish up, to take (food) from the oven, pots, etc., and put in
dishes to be served at table.

DISHABILITATE
Dis`ha*bil"i*tate, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Disability.]

Defn: To disqualify. [R.]

DISHABILLE
Dis`ha*bille", n. Etym: [See Deshabille.]

Defn: An undress; a loose, negligent dress; deshabille.
They breakfast in dishabille. Smollett.

DISHABIT
Dis*hab"it, v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + habit to inhabit.]

Defn: To dislodge. [Obs.]
Those sleeping stones . . . from their fixed beds of lime Had been
dishabited. Shak.

DISHABITED
Dis*hab"it*ed, p. a.

Defn: Rendered uninhabited. "Dishabited towns." R. Carew.

DISHABITUATE
Dis`ha*bit"u*ate, v. t.

Defn: To render unaccustomed.

DISHABLE
Dis*ha"ble, v. t.

1. To disable. [Obs.]

2. To disparage. [Obs.]
She oft him blamed . . . and him dishabled quite. Spenser.

DISHALLOW
Dis*hal"low, v. t.

Defn: To make unholy; to profane. Tennyson.
Nor can the unholiness of the priest dishallow the altar. T. Adams.

DISHARMONIOUS
Dis`har*mo"ni*ous, a.

Defn: Unharmonious; discordant. [Obs.] Hallywell.

DISHARMONY
Dis*har"mo*ny, n.

Defn: Want of harmony; discord; incongruity. [R.]
A disharmony in the different impulses that constitute it [our
nature]. Coleridge.

DISHAUNT
Dis*haunt", v. t.

Defn: To leave; to quit; to cease to haunt. Halliwell.

DISHCLOTH
Dish"cloth`, n.

Defn: A cloth used for washing dishes.

DISHCLOUT
Dish"clout`, n.

Defn: A dishcloth. [Obsolescent]

DISHEART
Dis*heart", v. t.

Defn: To dishearten. [Obs.]

DISHEARTEN
Dis*heart"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disheartened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disheartening.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + hearten.]

Defn: To discourage; to deprive of courage and hope; to depress the
spirits of; to deject.
Regiments . . . utterly disorganized and disheartened. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- To dispirit; discourage; depress; deject; deter; terrify.

DISHEARTENMENT
Dis*heart"en*ment, n.

Defn: Discouragement; dejection; depression of spirits.

DISHEIR
Dis*heir", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Disherit.]

Defn: To disinherit. [Obs.] Dryden.

DISHELM
Dis*helm", v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + helm helmet.]

Defn: To deprive of the helmet. [Poetic]
Lying stark, Dishelmed and mute, and motionlessly pale. Tennyson.

DISHERISON
Dis*her"i*son, n. Etym: [See Disherit.]

Defn: The act of disheriting, or debarring from inheritance;
disinhersion. Bp. Hall.

DISHERIT
Dis*her"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disherited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disheriting.] Etym: [F. déshériter; pref. dés- (L. dis-) + hériter to
inherit. See Inherit, and cf. Dusheir, Disinherit.]

Defn: To disinherit; to cut off, or detain, from the possession or
enjoyment of an inheritance. [Obs.] Spenser.

DISHERITANCE
Dis*her"it*ance, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. desheritance.]

Defn: The act of disinheriting or state of being disinherited;
disinheritance. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

DISHERITOR
Dis*her"it*or, n. (Law)

Defn: One who puts another out of his inheritance.

DISHEVEL
Di*shev"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disheveled or Dishevelled; p. pr. &
vb. n. Disheveling or Dishevelling.] Etym: [OF. descheveler, F.
décheveler, LL. discapillare; dis- + L. capillus the hair of the
head. See Capillary.]

1. To suffer (the hair) to hang loosely or disorderly; to spread or
throw (the hair) in disorder; -- used chiefly in the passive
participle.
With garments rent and hair disheveled, Wringing her hands and making
piteous moan. Spenser.

2. To spread loosely or disorderly.
Like the fair flower disheveled in the wind. Cowper.

DISHEVEL
Di*shev"el, v. i.

Defn: To be spread in disorder or hang negligently, as the hair. [R.]
Sir T. Herbert.

DISHEVELE
Di*shev"ele, p. p. & a.

Defn: Disheveled. [Obs.]
Dishevele, save his cap, he rode all bare. Chaucer.

DISHEVELED
Di*shev"eled, a.

1. Having in loose disorder; disarranged; as, disheveled hair.

2. Having the hair in loose disorder.
The dancing maidens are disheveled Mænads. J. A. Symonds.

DISHFUL
Dish"ful, n.; pl. Dishfuls (.

Defn: As much as a dish holds when full.

DISHING
Dish"ing, a.

Defn: Dish-shaped; concave.

DISHONEST
Dis*hon"est, a. Etym: [Pref. dis- + honest: cf. F. déshonnête, OF.
deshoneste.]

1. Dishonorable; shameful; indecent; unchaste; lewd. [Obs.]
Inglorious triumphs and dishonest scars. Pope.
Speak no foul or dishonest words before them [the women]. Sir T.
North.

2. Dishonored; disgraced; disfigured. [Obs.]
Dishonest with lopped arms the youth appears, Spoiled of his nose and
shortened of his ears. Dryden.

3. Wanting in honesty; void of integrity; faithless; disposed to
cheat or defraud; not trustworthy; as, a dishonest man.

4. Characterized by fraud; indicating a want of probity; knavish;
fraudulent; unjust.
To get dishonest gain. Ezek. xxii. 27.
The dishonest profits of men in office. Bancroft.

DISHONEST
Dis*hon"est, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. deshonester.]

Defn: To disgrace; to dishonor; as, to dishonest a maid. [Obs.]
I will no longer dishonest my house. Chapman.

DISHONESTLY
Dis*hon"est*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dishonest manner.

DISHONESTY
Dis*hon"es*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. deshonesté, F. déshonnêteté.]

1. Dishonor; dishonorableness; shame. [Obs.] "The hidden things of
dishonesty." 2 Cor. iv. 2.

2. Want of honesty, probity, or integrity in principle; want of
fairness and straightforwardness; a disposition to defraud, deceive,
or betray; faithlessness.

3. Violation of trust or of justice; fraud; any deviation from
probity; a dishonest act.

4. Lewdness; unchastity. Shak.

DISHONOR
Dis*hon"or, n. Etym: [OE. deshonour, dishonour, OF. deshonor,
deshonur, F. déshonneur; pref. des- (L. dis-) + honor, honur, F.
honneur, fr. L. honor. See Honor.] [Written also dishonour.]

1. Lack of honor; disgrace; ignominy; shame; reproach.
It was not meet for us to see the king's dishonor. Ezra iv. 14.
His honor rooted in dishonor stood. Tennyson.

2. (Law)

Defn: The nonpayment or nonacceptance of commercial paper by the
party on whom it is drawn.

Syn.
 -- Disgrace; ignominy; shame; censure; reproach; opprobrium.

DISHONOR
Dis*hon"or, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dishonored; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dishonoring.] Etym: [OE. deshonouren, F. déshonorer; pref. dés- (L.
dis-) + honorer to honor, fr. L. honorare. See Honor, v. t.] [Written
also dishonour.]

1. To deprive of honor; to disgrace; to bring reproach or shame on;
to treat with indignity, or as unworthy in the sight of others; to
stain the character of; to lessen the reputation of; as, the duelist
dishonors himself to maintain his honor.
Nothing . . . that may dishonor Our law, or stain my vow of Nazarite.
Milton.

2. To violate the chastity of; to debauch. Dryden.

3. To refuse or decline to accept or pay; -- said of a bill, check,
note, or draft which is due or presented; as, to dishonor a bill
exchange.

Syn.
 -- To disgrace; shame; debase; degrade; lower; humble; humiliate;
debauch; pollute.

DISHONORABLE
Dis*hon"or*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. déshonorable.]

1. Wanting in honor; not honorable; bringing or deserving dishonor;
staining the character, and lessening the reputation; shameful;
disgraceful; base.

2. Wanting in honor or esteem; disesteemed.
He that is dishonorable in riches, how much more in poverty! Ecclus.
x. 31.
To find ourselves dishonorable graves. Shak.
-- Dis*hon"or*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Dis*hon"or*a*bly, adv.

DISHONORARY
Dis*hon"or*a*ry, a.

Defn: Bringing dishonor on; tending to disgrace; lessening
reputation. Holmes.

DISHONORER
Dis*hon"or*er, n.

Defn: One who dishonors or disgraces; one who treats another
indignity. Milton.

DISHORN
Dis*horn", v. t.

Defn: To deprive of horns; as, to dishorn cattle. "Dishorn the
spirit." Shak.

DISHORSE
Dis*horse", v. t.

Defn: To dismount. Tennyson.

DISHOUSE
Dis*house", v. t.

Defn: To deprive of house or home. "Dishoused villagers." James
White.

DISHUMOR
Dis*hu"mor, n.

Defn: Ill humor. [Obs.]

DISHUMOR
Dis*hu"mor, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of humor or desire; to put out of humor. [Obs.] B.
Jonson.

DISHWASHER
Dish"wash`er, n.

1. One who, or that which, washes dishes.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European bird; the wagtail.

DISHWATER
Dish"wa`ter, n.

Defn: Water in which dishes have been washed. "Suds and dishwater."
Beau. & Fl.

DISILLUSION
Dis`il*lu"sion, n.

Defn: The act or process of freeing from an illusion, or the state of
being freed therefrom. Lowell.

DISILLUSION
Dis`il*lu"sion, v. t.

Defn: To free from an illusion; to disillusionize.

DISILLUSIONIZE
Dis`il*lu"sion*ize, v. t.

Defn: To disenchant; to free from illusion. "The bitter
disillusionizing experience of postnuptial life." W. Black.

DISILLUSIONMENT
Dis`il*lu"sion*ment, n.

Defn: The act of freeing from an illusion, or the state of being
freed therefrom.

DISIMBITTER
Dis`im*bit"ter, v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + imbitter. Cf. Disembitter.]

Defn: To free from bitterness.

DISIMPARK
Dis`im*park", v. t.

Defn: To free from the barriers or restrictions of a park. [R.]
Spectator.

DISIMPASSIONED
Dis`im*pas"sioned, a.

Defn: Free from warmth of passion or feeling.

DISIMPROVE
Dis`im*prove", v. t.

Defn: To make worse; -- the opposite of improve. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

DISIMPROVE
Dis`im*prove", v. i.

Defn: To grow worse; to deteriorate.

DISIMPROVEMENT
Dis`im*prove"ment, n.

Defn: Reduction from a better to a worse state; as, disimprovement of
the earth.

DISINCARCERATE
Dis`in*car"cer*ate, v. t.

Defn: To liberate from prison. [R.] Harvey.

DISINCLINATION
Dis*in`cli*na"tion, n.

Defn: The state of being disinclined; want of propensity, desire, or
affection; slight aversion or dislike; indisposition.
Disappointment gave him a disinclination to the fair sex. Arbuthnot.
Having a disinclination to books or business. Guardian.

Syn.
 -- Unwillingness; disaffection; alienation; dislike; indisposition;
distaste; aversion; repugnance.

DISINCLINE
Dis`in*cline", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disinclined; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disinclining.]

Defn: To incline away the affections of; to excite a slight aversion
in; to indispose; to make unwilling; to alienate.
Careful . . . to disincline them from any reverence or affection to
the Queen. Clarendon.
To social scenes by nature disinclined. Cowper.

DISINCLOSE
Dis`in*close", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Disenclose.]

Defn: To free from being inclosed.

DISINCORPORATE
Dis`in*cor"po*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disincorporated; p. pr. & vb.
n. Disincorporating.]

1. To deprive of corporate powers, rights, or privileges; to divest
of the condition of a corporate body.

2. To detach or separate from a corporation. Bacon.

DISINCORPORATE
Dis`in*cor"po*rate, a.

Defn: Separated from, or not included in, a corporation;
disincorporated. Bacon.

DISINCORPORATION
Dis`in*cor`po*ra"tion, n.

Defn: Deprivation of the rights and privileges of a corporation. T.
Warton.

DISINFECT
Dis`in*fect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disinfected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disinfecting.]

Defn: To free from infectious or contagious matter; to destroy
putrefaction; to purify; to make innocuous.
When the infectious matter and the infectious matter and the
odoriferous matter are one . . . then to deodorize is to disinfect.
Ure.

DISINFECTANT
Dis`in*fect"ant, n.

Defn: That which disinfects; an agent for removing the causes of
infection, as chlorine.

DISINFECTION
Dis`in*fec"tion, n.

Defn: The act of disinfecting; purification from infecting matter.

DISINFECTOR
Dis`in*fect"or, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, disinfects; an apparatus for applying
disinfectants.

DISINFLAME
Dis`in*flame", v. t.

Defn: To divest of flame or ardor. Chapman.

DISINGENUITY
Dis*in`ge*nu"i*ty, n.

Defn: Disingenuousness. [Obs.] Clarendon.

DISINGENUOUS
Dis`in*gen"u*ous, a.

1. Not noble; unbecoming true honor or dignity; mean; unworthy; as,
disingenuous conduct or schemes.

2. Not ingenuous; wanting in noble candor or frankness; not frank or
open; uncandid; unworthily or meanly artful.
So disingenuous as not to confess them [faults]. Pope.
-- Dis`in*gen"u*ous*ly, adv. T. Warton.
 -- Dis`in*gen"u*ous*ness, n. Macaulay.

DISINHABITED
Dis`in*hab"it*ed, a.

Defn: Uninhabited. [Obs.]

DISINHERISON
Dis`in*her"i*son, n. Etym: [See Disinherit, v. t., and cf.
Disherison.]

Defn: Same as Disherison. Bacon.

DISINHERIT
Dis`in*her"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disinherited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disinheriting.] Etym: [Cf. Disherit, Disheir.]

1. To cut off from an inheritance or from hereditary succession; to
prevent, as an heir, from coming into possession of any property or
right, which, by law or custom, would devolve on him in the course of
descent.
Of how fair a portion Adam disinherited his whole posterity! South.

2. To deprive of heritage; to dispossess.
And disinherit Chaos, that reigns here. Milton.

DISINHERITANCE
Dis`in*her"it*ance, n.

Defn: The act of disinheriting, or the condition of being;
disinherited; disherison.

DISINHUME
Dis`in*hume", v. t.

Defn: To disinter. [R.]

DISINSURE
Dis`in*sure", v. t.

Defn: To render insecure; to put in danger. [Obs.] Fanshawe.

DISINTEGRABLE
Dis*in"te*gra*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being disintegrated, or reduced to fragments or
powder.
Argillo-calcite is readily disintegrable by exposure. Kirwan.

DISINTEGRATE
Dis*in"te*grate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disintegrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disintegrating.] Etym: [L. dis- + integratus, p. p. of integrare to
renew, repair, fr. integer entire, whole. See Integer.]

Defn: To separate into integrant parts; to reduce to fragments or to
powder; to break up, or cause to fall to pieces, as a rock, by blows
of a hammer, frost, rain, and other mechanical or atmospheric
influences.
Marlites are not disintegrated by exposure to the atmosphere, at
least in six years. Kirwan.

DISINTEGRATE
Dis*in"te*grate, v. i.

Defn: To decompose into integrant parts; as, chalk rapidly
disintegrates.

DISINTEGRATION
Dis*in`te*gra"tion, n.
(a) The process by which anything is disintegrated; the condition of
anything which is disintegrated. Specifically
(b) (Geol.) The wearing away or falling to pieces of rocks or strata,
produced by atmospheric action, frost, ice, etc.
Society had need of further disintegration before it could begin to
reconstruct itself locally. Motley.

DISINTEGRATOR
Dis*in"te*gra`tor, n. (Mech.)

Defn: A machine for grinding or pulverizing by percussion.

DISINTER
Dis`in*ter", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disinterred; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disinterring.]

1. To take out of the grave or tomb; to unbury; to exhume; to dig up.

2. To bring out, as from a grave or hiding place; to bring from
obscurity into view. Addison.

DISINTERESS
Dis*in"ter*ess, v. t. Etym: [F. désintéresser to deprive of interest
in; pref. dés- (L. dis-) + intéresser to interest, fr. L. interesse
to import, concern. See Interest, and cf. Disinterest.]

Defn: To deprive or rid of interest in, or regard for; to disengage.
[Obs.]

DISINTERESSMENT
Dis*in"ter*ess*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. désintéressement.]

Defn: Disinterestedness; impartiality; fairness. [Obs.] Prior.

DISINTEREST
Dis*in"ter*est, p. a.

Defn: Disinterested. [Obs.]
The measures they shall walk by shall be disinterest and even. Jer.
Taylor.

DISINTEREST
Dis*in"ter*est, n.

1. What is contrary to interest or advantage; disadvantage. [Obs.]
Glanvill.

2. Indifference to profit; want of regard to private advantage;
disinterestedness. [Obs.] Johnson.

DISINTEREST
Dis*in"ter*est, v. t.

Defn: To divest of interest or interested motives. [Obs.] Feltham.

DISINTERESTED
Dis*in"ter*est*ed, a. Etym: [Cf. Disinteressed.]

Defn: Not influenced by regard to personal interest or advantage;
free from selfish motive; having no relation of interest or feeling;
not biased or prejudiced; as, a disinterested decision or judge.
The happiness of disinterested sacrifices. Channing.

Syn.
 -- Unbiased; impartial; uninterested; indifferent.

DISINTERESTEDLY
Dis*in"ter*est*ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a disinterested manner; without bias or prejudice.

DISINTERESTEDNESS
Dis*in"ter*est*ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being disinterested; impartiality.
That perfect disinterestedness and self-devotion of which man seems
to be incapable, but which is sometimes found in woman. Macaulay.

DISINTERESTING
Dis*in"ter*est*ing, a.

Defn: Uninteresting. [Obs.] "Disinteresting passages." Bp. Warburton.

DISINTERMENT
Dis`in*ter"ment, n.

Defn: The act of disinterring, or taking out of the earth;
exhumation.

DISINTHRALL
Dis`in*thrall", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disinthralled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disinthralling.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + inthrall. Cf. Disenthrall.]

Defn: To free from thralldom; to disenthrall. [Written also
disinthral.]

DISINTHRALLMENT
Dis`in*thrall"ment, n.

Defn: A releasing from thralldom or slavery; disenthrallment.
[Written also disinthralment.]

DISINTRICATE
Dis*in"tri*cate, v. t.

Defn: To disentangle. [R.] "To disintricate the question." Sir W.
Hamilton.

DISINURE
Dis`in*ure", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disinured; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disinuring.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + inure.]

Defn: To render unaccustomed or unfamiliar.
We are hindered and disinured . . . towards the true knowledge.
Milton.

DISINVESTITURE
Dis`in*ves"ti*ture, n.

Defn: The act of depriving of investiture. [Obs.] Ogilvie.

DISINVIGORATE
Dis`in*vig"or*ate, v. t.

Defn: To enervate; to weaken. [R.] Sydney Smith.

DISINVOLVE
Dis`in*volve", v. t.

Defn: To uncover; to unfold or unroll; to disentangle. [R.] Dr. H.
More.

DISJECTION
Dis*jec"tion, n. Etym: [L. disjicere, disjectum, to throw asunder,
disperse; dis- + jacere to throw.]

Defn: Destruction; dispersion. Bp. Horsley.

DISJOIN
Dis*join", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disjoined; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disjoining.] Etym: [OF. desjoindre, F. disjoindre, déjoindre, fr. L.
disjungere; dis- + jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Disjoint,
Disjunct.]

Defn: To part; to disunite; to separate; to sunder.
That marriage, therefore, God himself disjoins. Milton.
Never let us lay down our arms against France, till we have utterly
disjoined her from the Spanish monarchy. Addison.
Windmill Street consisted of disjoined houses. Pennant.

Syn.
 -- To disunite; separate; detach; sever; dissever; sunder;
disconnect.

DISJOIN
Dis*join", v. i.

Defn: To become separated; to part.

DISJOINT
Dis*joint", a. Etym: [OF. desjoint, p. p. of desjoindre. See
Disjoin.]

Defn: Disjointed; unconnected; -- opposed to conjoint. Milton.

DISJOINT
Dis*joint", n. Etym: [From OF. desjoint, p. p. of desjoindre. See
Disjoint, v. t.]

Defn: Difficult situation; dilemma; strait. [Obs.] "I stand in such
disjoint." Chaucer.

DISJOINT
Dis*joint", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disjointed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disjointing.]

1. To separate the joints of; to separate, as parts united by joints;
to put out of joint; to force out of its socket; to dislocate; as, to
disjoint limbs; to disjoint bones; to disjoint a fowl in carving.
Yet what could swords or poisons, racks or flame, But mangle and
disjoint the brittle frame Prior.

2. To separate at junctures or joints; to break where parts are
united; to break in pieces; as, disjointed columns; to disjoint and
edifice.
Some half-ruined wall Disjointed and about to fall. Longfellow.

3. To break the natural order and relations of; to make incoherent;
as, a disjointed speech.

DISJOINT
Dis*joint", v. i.

Defn: To fall in pieces. Shak.

DISJOINTED
Dis*joint"ed, a.

Defn: Separated at the joints; disconnected; incoherent.
 -- Dis*joint"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Dis*joint"ed*ness, n.

DISJOINTLY
Dis*joint"ly, adv.

Defn: In a disjointed state. Sandys.

DISJUDICATION
Dis*ju`di*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Judgment; discrimination. See Dijudication. [Obs.] Boyle.

DISJUNCT
Dis*junct", a. Etym: [L. disjunctus, p. p. of disjungere to disjoin.
See Disjoin, and cf. Disjoint.]

1. Disjoined; separated. [R.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the head, thorax, and abdomen separated by a deep
constriction. Disjunct tetrachords (Mus.), tetrachords so disposed to
each other that the gravest note of the upper is one note higher than
the acutest note of the other.

DISJUNCTION
Dis*junc"tion, n. Etym: [L. disjunctio.]

1. The act of disjoining; disunion; separation; a parting; as, the
disjunction of soul and body.

2. A disjunctive proposition. Coleridge.

DISJUNCTIVE
Dis*junc"tive, a. Etym: [L. disjunctivus: cf. F. disjonctif.]

1. Tending to disjoin; separating; disjoining.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Pertaining to disjunct tetrachords. "Disjunctive notes." Moore
(Encyc. of Music). Disjunctive conjunction (Gram.), one connecting
grammatically two words or clauses, expressing at the same time an
opposition or separation inherent in the notions or thoughts; as,
either, or, neither, nor, but, although, except, lest, etc.
 -- Disjunctive proposition, one in which the parts are connected by
disjunctive conjunctions; as it is either day or night.
 -- Disjunctive syllogism (Logic), one in which the major proposition
is disjunctive; as, the earth moves in a circle or an ellipse; but in
does not move in a circle, therefore it moves in an ellipse.

DISJUNCTIVE
Dis*junc"tive, n.
(a) (Gram.) A disjunctive conjunction.
(b) (Logic) A disjunctive proposition.

DISJUNCTIVELY
Dis*junc"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a disjunctive manner; separately. Dr. H. More.

DISJUNCTURE
Dis*junc"ture, n.

Defn: The act of disjoining, or state of being disjoined; separation.
Fuller.

DISK
Disk, n. Etym: [L. discus, Gr. Dish.] [Written also disc.]

1. A discus; a quoit.
Some whirl the disk, and some the javelin dart. Pope.

2. A flat, circular plate; as, a disk of metal or paper.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: The circular figure of a celestial body, as seen projected of
the heavens.

4. (Biol.)

Defn: A circular structure either in plants or animals; as, a blood
disk; germinal disk, etc.

5. (Bot.)
(a) The whole surface of a leaf.
(b) The central part of a radiate compound flower, as in sunflower.
(c) A part of the receptacle enlarged or expanded under, or around,
or even on top of, the pistil.

6. (Zoöl.)
(a) The anterior surface or oral area of coelenterate animals, as of
sea anemones.
(b) The lower side of the body of some invertebrates, especially when
used for locomotion, when it is often called a creeping disk.
(c) In owls, the space around the eyes. Disk engine, a form of rotary
steam engine.
 -- Disk shell (Zoöl.), any species of Discina.

DISK CLUTCH
Disk clutch. (Engin.)

Defn: A friction clutch in which the gripping surfaces are disks or
more or less resemble disks.

DISKINDNESS
Dis*kind"ness, n.

Defn: Unkindness; disservice. [R.] A. Tucker.

DISKLESS
Disk"less, a.

Defn: Having no disk; appearing as a point and not expanded into a
disk, as the image of a faint star in a telescope.

DISLADE
Dis*lade", v. t.

Defn: To unlade. [Obs.] Heywood.

DISLEAL
Dis*leal", a. Etym: [See Disloyal, Leal.]

Defn: Disloyal; perfidious. [Obs.] "Disleal knight." Spenser.

DISLEAVE
Dis*leave", v. t.

Defn: To deprive of leaves. [R.]
The cankerworms that annually that disleaved the elms. Lowell.

DISLIKE
Dis*like", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disliked; p. pr. & vb. n. Disliking.]

1. To regard with dislike or aversion; to disapprove; to disrelish.
Every nation dislikes an impost. Johnson.

2. To awaken dislike in; to displease. "Disliking countenance."
Marston. "It dislikes me." Shak.

DISLIKE
Dis*like", n.

1. A feeling of positive and usually permanent aversion to something
unpleasant, uncongenial, or offensive; disapprobation; repugnance;
displeasure; disfavor; -- the opposite of liking or fondness.
God's grace . . . gives him continual dislike to sin. Hammond.
The hint malevolent, the look oblique, The obvious satire, or implied
dislike. Hannah More.
We have spoken of the dislike of these excellent women for Sheridan
and Fox. J. Morley.
His dislike of a particular kind of sensational stories. A. W. Ward.

2. Discord; dissension. [Obs.] Fairfax.

Syn.
 -- Distaste; disinclination; disapprobation; disfavor; disaffection;
displeasure; disrelish; aversion; reluctance; repugnance; disgust;
antipathy.
 -- Dislike, Aversion, Reluctance, Repugnance, Disgust, Antipathy.
Dislike is the more general term, applicable to both persons and
things and arising either from feeling or judgment. It may mean
little more than want of positive liking; but antipathy, repugnance,
disgust, and aversion are more intense phases of dislike. Aversion
denotes a fixed and habitual dislike; as, an aversion to or for
business. Reluctance and repugnance denote a mental strife or
hostility something proposed (repugnance being the stronger); as, a
reluctance to make the necessary sacrifices, and a repugnance to the
submission required. Disgust is repugnance either of taste or moral
feeling; as, a disgust at gross exhibitions of selfishness. Antipathy
is primarily an instinctive feeling of dislike of a thing, such as
most persons feel for a snake. When used figuratively, it denotes a
correspondent dislike for certain persons, modes of acting, etc. Men
have an aversion to what breaks in upon their habits; a reluctance
and repugnance to what crosses their will; a disgust at what offends
their sensibilities; and are often governed by antipathies for which
they can give no good reason.

DISLIKEFUL
Dis*like"ful, a.

Defn: Full of dislike; disaffected; malign; disagreeable. [Obs.]
Spenser.

DISLIKELIHOOD
Dis*like"li*hood, n.

Defn: The want of likelihood; improbability. Sir W. Scott.

DISLIKEN
Dis*lik"en, v. t.

Defn: To make unlike; to disguise. [Obs.] Shak.

DISLIKENESS
Dis*like"ness, n.

Defn: Unlikeness. [R.] Locke.

DISLIKER
Dis*lik"er, n.

Defn: One who dislikes or disrelishes.

DISLIMB
Dis*limb", v. t.

Defn: To tear limb from limb; to dismember. [Obs.] Bailey.

DISLIMN
Dis*limn", v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + limn.]

Defn: To efface, as a picture. [Obs.] Shak.

DISLINK
Dis*link", v. t.

Defn: To unlink; to disunite; to separate. [R.] Tennyson.

DISLIVE
Dis*live", v. t.

Defn: To deprive of life. [Obs.]
Telemachus dislived Amphimedon. Chapman.

DISLOCATE
Dis"lo*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dislocated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dislocating.] Etym: [LL. dislocatus, p. p. of dislocare; dis- +
locare to place, fr. locus place. See Locus.]

Defn: To displace; to put out of its proper place. Especially, of a
bone: To remove from its normal connections with a neighboring bone;
to put out of joint; to move from its socket; to disjoint; as, to
dislocate your bones. Shak.
After some time the strata on all sides of the globe were dislocated.
Woodward.
And thus the archbishop's see, dislocated or out of joint for a time,
was by the hands of his holiness set right again. Fuller.

DISLOCATE
Dis"lo*cate, a. Etym: [LL. dislocatus, p. p.]

Defn: Dislocated. Montgomery.

DISLOCATION
Dis`lo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dislocation.]

1. The act of displacing, or the state of being displaced. T. Burnet.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: The displacement of parts of rocks or portions of strata from
the situation which they originally occupied. Slips, faults, and the
like, are dislocations.

3. (Surg.)

Defn: The act of dislocating, or putting out of joint; also, the
condition of being thus displaced.

DISLODGE
Dis*lodge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dislodged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dislodging.] Etym: [OF. deslogier, F. déloger; pref. des- (L. dis-) +
OF. logier, F. loger. See Lodge.]

1. To drive from a lodge or place of rest; to remove from a place of
quiet or repose; as, shells resting in the sea at a considerate depth
are not dislodged by storms.

2. To drive out from a place of hiding or defense; as, to dislodge a
deer, or an enemy.
The Volscians are dislodg'd. Shak.

DISLODGE
Dis*lodge", v. i.

Defn: To go from a place of rest. [R.]
Where Light and Darkness in perpetual round Lodge and dislodge by
turns. Milton.

DISLODGE
Dis*lodge", n.

Defn: Dwelling apart; separation. [R.]

DISLODGMENT
Dis*lodg"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. délogement, OF. deslogement.]

Defn: The act or process of dislodging, or the state of being
dislodged.

DISLOIGN
Dis*loign", v. t. Etym: [OF. desloignier. See Eloign.]

Defn: To put at a distance; to remove. [Obs.]
Low-looking dales, disloigned from common gaze. Spenser.

DISLOYAL
Dis*loy"al, a. Etym: [Pref. dis- + loyal: cf. OF. desloial, desleal,
F. déloyal. See Loyal.]

Defn: Not loyal; not true to a sovereign or lawful superior, or to
the government under which one lives; false where allegiance is due;
faithless; as, a subject disloyal to the king; a husband disloyal to
his wife.
Without a thought disloyal. Mrs. Browning.

Syn.
 -- Disobedient; faithless; untrue; treacherous; perfidious;
dishonest; inconstant; disaffected.

DISLOYALLY
Dis*loy"al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a disloyal manner.

DISLOYALTY
Dis*loy"al*ty, n. Etym: [Pref. dis- + loyalty: cf. OF. desloiauté,
deslealté, F. déloyauté.]

Defn: Want of loyalty; lack of fidelity; violation of allegiance.

DISMAIL
Dis*mail", v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + mail: cf. OF. desmaillier.]

Defn: To divest of coat of mail. Spenser.

DISMAL
Dis"mal, a. Etym: [Formerly a noun; e. g., "I trow it was in the
dismalle." Chaucer. Of uncertain origin; but perh. (as suggested by
Skeat) from OF. disme, F. dîme, tithe, the phrase dismal day properly
meaning, the day when tithes must be paid. See Dime.]

1. Fatal; ill-omened; unlucky. [Obs.]
An ugly fiend more foul than dismal day. Spenser.

2. Gloomy to the eye or ear; sorrowful and depressing to the
feelings; foreboding; cheerless; dull; dreary; as, a dismal outlook;
dismal stories; a dismal place.
Full well the busy whisper, circling round, Convey'd the dismal
tidings when he frowned. Goldsmith.
A dismal description of an English November. Southey.

Syn.
 -- Dreary; lonesome; gloomy; dark; ominous; ill-boding; fatal;
doleful; lugubrious; funereal; dolorous; calamitous; sorrowful; sad;
joyless; melancholy; unfortunate; unhappy.

DISMALLY
Dis"mal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dismal manner; gloomily; sorrowfully; uncomfortably.

DISMALNESS
Dis"mal*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being dismal; gloominess.

DISMAN
Dis*man", v. t.

Defn: To unman. [Obs.] Feltham.

DISMANTLE
Dis*man"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dismantled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dismantling.] Etym: [F. démanteler, OF. desmanteler; pref: des- (L.
dis-) + manteler to cover with a cloak, defend, fr. mantel, F.
manteau, cloak. See Mantle.]

1. To strip or deprive of dress; to divest.

2. To strip of furniture and equipments, guns, etc.; to unrig; to
strip of walls or outworks; to break down; as, to dismantle a fort, a
town, or a ship.
A dismantled house, without windows or shutters to keep out the rain.
Macaulay.

3. To disable; to render useless. Comber.

Syn.
 -- To demoDemol.

DISMARCH
Dis*march", v. i.

Defn: To march away. [Obs.]

DISMARRY
Dis*mar"ry, v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + marry: cf. OF. desmarier, F.
démarier.]

Defn: To free from the bonds of marriage; to divorce. [Obs.] Ld.
Berners.

DISMARSHAL
Dis*mar"shal, v. t.

Defn: To disarrange; to derange; to put in disorder. [R.] Drummond.

DISMASK
Dis*mask", v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + mask: cf. F. démasquer.]

Defn: To divest of a mask. Shak.

DISMAST
Dis*mast", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dismasted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dismasting.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + mast: cf. F. démâter.]

Defn: To deprive of a mast of masts; to break and carry away the
masts from; as, a storm dismasted the ship.

DISMASTMENT
Dis*mast"ment, n.

Defn: The act of dismasting; the state of being dismasted. [R.]
Marshall.

DISMAW
Dis*maw", v. t.

Defn: To eject from the maw; to disgorge. [R.] Shelton.

DISMAY
Dis*may", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dismayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Dismaying.]
Etym: [OE. desmaien, dismaien, OF. esmaier; pref. es- (L. ex) + OHG.
magan to be strong or able; akin to E. may. In English the pref. es-
was changed to dis- (L. dis-). See May, v. i.]

1. To disable with alarm or apprehensions; to depress the spirits or
courage of; to deprive or firmness and energy through fear; to daunt;
to appall; to terrify.
Be not afraid, neither be thou dismayed. Josh. i. 9.
What words be these What fears do you dismay Fairfax.

2. To render lifeless; to subdue; to disquiet. [Obs.]
Do not dismay yourself for this. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- To terrify; fright; affright; frighten; appall; daunt;
dishearthen; dispirit; discourage; deject; depress.
 -- To Dismay, Daunt, Appall. Dismay denotes a state of deep and
gloomy apprehension. To daunt supposes something more sudden and
startling. To appall is the strongest term, implying a sense of
terror which overwhelms the faculties.
So flies a herd of beeves, that hear, dismayed, The lions roaring
through the midnight shade. Pope.
Jove got such heroes as my sire, whose soul No fear could daunt, nor
earth nor hell control. Pope.
Now the last ruin the whole host appalls; Now Greece has trembled in
her wooden walls. Pope.

DISMAY
Dis*may", v. i.

Defn: To take dismay or fright; to be filled with dismay. [Obs.]
Shak.

DISMAY
Dis*may", n. Etym: [Cf. OF. esmai, F. émoi. See Dismay, v. t.]

1. Loss of courage and firmness through fear; overwhelming and
disabling terror; a sinking of the spirits; consternation.
I . . . can not think of such a battle without dismay. Macaulay.
Thou with a tiger spring dost leap upon thy prey, And tear his
helpless breast, o'erwhelmed with wild dismay. Mrs. Barbauld.

2. Condition fitted to dismay; ruin. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- Dejection; discouragement; depression; fear; fright; terror;
apprehension; alarm; affright.

DISMAYEDNESS
Dis*may"ed*ness, n.

Defn: A state of being dismayed; dejection of courage;
dispiritedness.

DISMAYFUL
Dis*may"ful, a.

Defn: Terrifying. Spenser.

DISME
Disme, n. Etym: [OF. See Dime.]

Defn: A tenth; a tenth part; a tithe. Ayliffe.

DISMEMBER
Dis*mem"ber, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dismembered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dismembering.] Etym: [OF. desmembrer, F. démembrer; pref. des- (L.
dis) + OF. & F. membre limb. See Member.]

1. To tear limb from limb; to dilacerate; to disjoin member from
member; to tear or cut in pieces; to break up.
Fowls obscene dismembered his remains. Pope.
A society lacerated and dismembered. Gladstone.
By whose hands the blow should be struck which would dismember that
once mighty empire. Buckle.

2. To deprive of membership. [Obs.]
They were dismembered by vote of the house. R. North.

Syn.
 -- To disjoint; dislocate; dilacerate; mutilate; divide; sever.

DISMEMBERMENT
Dis*mem"ber*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. desmembrement, F. démembrement.]

Defn: The act of dismembering, or the state of being dismembered;
cutting in piece; m
The Castilians would doubtless have resented the dismemberment of the
unwieldy body of which they formed the head. Macaulay.

DISMETTLED
Dis*met"tled, a.

Defn: Destitute of mettle, that is, or fire or spirit. [R.]
Llewellyn.

DISMISS
Dis*miss", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dismissed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dismissing.] Etym: [L. dis- + missus, p. p. of mittere to send: cf.
dimittere, OF. desmetre, F. démettre. See Demise, and cf. Dimit.]

1. To send away; to give leave of departure; to cause or permit to
go; to put away.
He dismissed the assembly. Acts xix. 41.
Dismiss their cares when they dismiss their flock. Cowper.
Though he soon dismissed himself from state affairs. Dryden.

2. To discard; to remove or discharge from office, service, or
employment; as, the king dismisses his ministers; the matter
dismisses his servant.

3. To lay aside or reject as unworthy of attentions or regard, as a
petition or motion in court.

DISMISS
Dis*miss", n.

Defn: Dismission. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

DISMISSAL
Dis*miss"al, n.

Defn: Dismission; discharge.
Officeholders were commanded faithfully to enforce it, upon pain of
immediate dismissal. Motley.

DISMISSION
Dis*mis"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. L. dimissio.]

1. The act dismissing or sending away; permission to leave; leave to
depart; dismissal; as, the dismission of the grand jury.

2. Removal from office or employment; discharge, either with honor or
with disgrace.

3. Rejection; a setting aside as trivial, invalid, or unworthy of
consideration.

DISMISSIVE
Dis*miss"ive, a.

Defn: Giving dismission.

DISMORTGAGE
Dis*mort"gage (; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dismortaged; p. pr. & vb.
n. Dismortgaging.]

Defn: To redeem from mortgage. [Obs.] Howell.

DISMOUNT
Dis*mount", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dismounted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dismounting.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + mount: cf. OF. desmonter, F.
démonter.]

1. To come down; to descend. [Poetic]
But now the bright sun ginneth to dismount. Spenser.

2. To alight from a horse; to descend or get off, as a rider from his
beast; as, the troops dismounted.

DISMOUNT
Dis*mount", v. t.

1. To throw or bring down from an elevation, place of honor and
authority, or the like.
Dismounted from his authority. Barrow.

2. To throw or remove from a horse; to unhorse; as, the soldier
dismounted his adversary.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: To take down, or apart, as a machine.

4. To throw or remove from the carriage, or from that on which a
thing is mounted; to break the carriage or wheels of, and render
useless; to deprive of equipments or mountings; -- said esp. of
artillery.

DISNATURALIZE
Dis*nat"u*ral*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make alien; to deprive of the privileges of birth. Locke.

DISNATURED
Dis*na"tured, a. Etym: [Pref. dis- + nature: cf. OF. desnaturé, F.
dénaturé.]

Defn: Deprived or destitute of natural feelings; unnatural. [Obs.]
Shak.

DISOBEDIENCE
Dis`o*be"di*ence, n.

Defn: Neglect or refusal to obey; violation of a command or
prohibition.
He is undutiful to him other actions, and lives in open disobedience.
Tillotson.

DISOBEDIENCY
Dis`o*be"di*en*cy, n.

Defn: Disobedience.

DISOBEDIENT
Dis`o*be"di*ent, a. Etym: [Pref. dis- + obedient. See Disobey,
Obedient.]

1. Neglecting or refusing to obey; omitting to do what is commanded,
or doing what is prohibited; refractory; not observant of duty or
rules prescribed by authority; -- applied to persons and acts.
This disobedient spirit in the colonies. Burke.
Disobedient unto the word of the Lord. 1 Kings xiii. 26.

2. Not yielding.
Medicines used unnecessarily contribute to shorten life, by sooner
rendering peculiar parts of the system disobedient to stimuli. E.
Darwin.

DISOBEDIENTLY
Dis`o*be"di*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a disobedient manner.

DISOBEISANCE
Dis`o*bei"sance, n. Etym: [F. désobéissance.]

Defn: Disobedience. [Obs.] E. Hall.

DISOBEISANT
Dis`o*bei"sant, a. Etym: [F. désobéissant.]

Defn: Disobedient. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DISOBEY
Dis`o*bey", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disobeyed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disobeying.] Etym: [F. désobéir; pref. dés- (L. dis-) + obéir. See
Obey, and cf. Disobedient.]

Defn: Not to obey; to neglect or refuse to obey (a superior or his
commands, the laws, etc.); to transgress the commands of (one in
authority); to violate, as an order; as, refractory children disobey
their parents; men disobey their Maker and the laws.
Not to disobey her lord's behest. Tennyson.

DISOBEY
Dis`o*bey", v. i.

Defn: To refuse or neglect to obey; to violate commands; to be
disobedient.
He durst not know how to disobey. Sir P. Sidney.

DISOBEYER
Dis`o*bey"er, n.

Defn: One who disobeys.

DISOBLIGATION
Dis*ob`li*ga"tion, n.

1. The act of disobliging.

2. A disobliging act; an offense. [Obs.] Clarendon.

3. Release from obligation. Jer. Taylor.

DISOBLIGATORY
Dis*ob"li*ga*to*ry, a.

Defn: Releasing from obligation. "Disobligatory power." Charles I.

DISOBLIGE
Dis`o*blige", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disobliged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disobliging.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + oblige: cf. F. désobliger.]

1. To do an act which contravenes the will or desires of; to offend
by an act of unkindness or incivility; to displease; to refrain from
obliging; to be unaccommodating to.
Those . . . who slight and disoblige their friends, shall infallibly
come to know the value of them by having none when they shall most
need them. South.
My plan has given offense to some gentlemen, whom it would not be
very safe to disoblige. Addison.

2. To release from obligation. [Obs.]
Absolving and disobliging from a more general command for some just
and reasonable cause. Milton.

DISOBLIGEMENT
Dis`o*blige"ment, n.

Defn: Release from obligation. [Obs.]

DISOBLIGER
Dis`o*bli"ger, n.

Defn: One who disobliges.

DISOBLIGING
Dis`o*bli"ging, a.

1. Not obliging; not disposed to do a favor; unaccommodating; as, a
disobliging person or act.

2. Displeasing; offensive. [Obs.] Cov. of Tongue.
 -- Dis`o*bli"ging*ly, adv.
 -- Dis`o*bli"ging*ness, n.

DISOCCIDENT
Dis*oc"ci*dent, v. t.

Defn: To turn away from the west; to throw out of reckoning as to
longitude. [Obs.] Marvell.

DISOCCUPATION
Dis*oc`cu*pa"tion, n.

Defn: The state of being unemployed; want of occupation. [R.]

DISOPINION
Dis`o*pin"ion, n.

Defn: Want or difference of belief; disbelief. [Obs.] Bp. Reynolds.

DISOPPILATE
Dis*op"pi*late, v. t. Etym: [L. dis- + oppilatus, p. p. of oppilare
to shut up.]

Defn: To open. [Obs.] Holland.

DISORB
Dis*orb", v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + orb.]

Defn: To throw out of the proper orbit; to unsphere. Shak.

DISORD
Dis*ord", n.

Defn: Disorder. [Obs.] Holland.

DISORDEINED
Dis`or*deined", a. Etym: [See Ordain.]

Defn: Inordinate; irregular; vicious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DISORDER
Dis*or"der, n. Etym: [Pref. dis- + order: cf. F. désordre.]

1. Want of order or regular disposition; lack of arrangement;
confusion; disarray; as, the troops were thrown into disorder; the
papers are in disorder.

2. Neglect of order or system; irregularity.
From vulgar bounds with brave disorder part, And snatch a grace
beyond the reach of art. Pope.

3. Breach of public order; disturbance of the peace of society;
tumult. Shak.

4. Disturbance of the functions of the animal economy of the soul;
sickness; derangement. "Disorder in the body." Locke.

Syn.
 -- Irregularity; disarrangement; confusion; tumult; bustle;
disturbance; disease; illness; indisposition; sickness; ailment;
malady; distemper. See Disease.

DISORDER
Dis*or"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disordered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disordering.]

1. To disturb the order of; to derange or disarrange; to throw into
confusion; to confuse.
Disordering the whole frame or jurisprudence. Burke.
The burden . . . disordered the aids and auxiliary rafters into a
common ruin. Jer. Taylor.

2. To disturb or interrupt the regular and natural functions of
(either body or mind); to produce sickness or indisposition in; to
discompose; to derange; as, to disorder the head or stomach.
A man whose judgment was so much disordered by party spirit.
Macaulay.

3. To depose from holy orders. [Obs.] Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To disarrange; derange; confuse; discompose.

DISORDERED
Dis*or"dered, a.

1. Thrown into disorder; deranged; as, a disordered house, judgment.

2. Disorderly. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- Dis*or"dered*ly, adv.
 -- Dis*or"dered*ness, n.

DISORDERLINESS
Dis*or"der*li*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being disorderly.

DISORDERLY
Dis*or"der*ly, a.

1. Not in order; marked by disorder; disarranged; immethodical; as,
the books and papers are in a disorderly state.

2. Not acting in an orderly way, as the functions of the body or
mind.

3. Not complying with the restraints of order and law; tumultuous;
unruly; lawless; turbulent; as, disorderly people; disorderly
assemblies.

4. (Law)

Defn: Offensive to good morals and public decency; notoriously
offensive; as, a disorderly house.

Syn.
 -- Irregular; immethodical; confused; tumultuous; inordinate;
intemperate; unruly; lawless; vicious.

DISORDERLY
Dis*or"der*ly, adv.

Defn: In a disorderly manner; without law or order; irregularly;
confusedly.
Withdraw yourselves from every brother that walketh disorderly. 2
Thess. iii. 6.
Savages fighting disorderly with stones. Sir W. Raleigh.

DISORDINANCE
Dis*or"di*nance, n.

Defn: Disarrangement; disturbance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DISORDINATE
Dis*or"di*nate, a.

Defn: Inordinate; disorderly. [Obs.] "With disordinate gestures."
Prynne.

DISORDINATELY
Dis*or"di*nate*ly, adv.

Defn: Inordinately. [Obs.] E. Hall.

DISORDINATION
Dis*or`di*na"tion, n.

Defn: The state of being in disorder; derangement; confusion. [Obs.]
Bacon.

DISORGANIZATION
Dis*or`gan*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. désorganisation. See
Disorganize, v. t.]

1. The act of disorganizing; destruction of system.

2. The state of being disorganized; as, the disorganization of the
body, or of government.
The magazine of a pawnbroker in such total disorganization, that the
owner can never lay his hands upon any one article at the moment he
has occasion for it. Sir W. Scott.

DISORGANIZE
Dis*or"gan*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disorganized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disorganizing.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + organize: cf. F. désorganiser.]

Defn: To destroy the organic structure or regular system of (a
government, a society, a party, etc.); to break up (what is
organized); to throw into utter disorder; to disarrange.
Lyford . . . attempted to disorganize the church. Eliot (1809).

DISORGANIZER
Dis*or"gan*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who disorganizes or causes disorder and confusion.

DISORIENT
Dis*o"ri*ent, v. t.

Defn: To turn away from the cast; to confuse as to which way is east;
to cause to lose one's bearings. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

DISORIENTATE
Dis*o"ri*en*tate, v. t.

Defn: To turn away from the east, or (figuratively) from the right or
the truth. [R.]

DISOWN
Dis*own", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disowned; p. pr. & vb. n. Disowning.]

1. To refuse to own or acknowledge as belonging to one's self; to
disavow or deny, as connected with one's self personally; as, a
parent can hardly disown his child; an author will sometimes disown
his writings.

2. To refuse to acknowledge or allow; to deny.
Then they, who brother's better claim disown, Expel their parents,
and usurp the throne. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To disavow; disclaim; deny; abnegate; renounce; disallow.

DISOWNMENT
Dis*own"ment, n.

Defn: Act of disowning. [R.]

DISOXIDATE
Dis*ox"i*date, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To deoxidate; to deoxidize. [R.]

DISOXIDATION
Dis*ox`i*da"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Deoxidation. [R.]

DISOXYGENATE
Dis*ox"y*gen*ate, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To deprive of oxygen; to deoxidize. [R.]

DISOXYGENATION
Dis*ox`y*gen*a"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Deoxidation. [R.]

DISPACE
Dis*pace", v. i. Etym: [Pref. dis- asunder, different ways, to and
fro + pace.]

Defn: To roam. [Obs.]
In this fair plot dispacing to and fro. Spenser.

DISPAIR
Dis*pair", v. t.

Defn: To separate (a pair). [R.]
I have . . . dispaired two doves. Beau. & Fl.

DISPAND
Dis*pand", v. t. Etym: [L. dispandere to spread out; pref. dis- +
pandere, pansum, to spread out.]

Defn: To spread out; to expand. [Obs.] Bailey.

DISPANSION
Dis*pan"sion, n. Etym: [See Dispand.]

Defn: Act of dispanding, or state of being dispanded. [Obs.]

DISPARADISED
Dis*par"a*dised, a.

Defn: Removed from paradise. [R.] Cockeram.

DISPARAGE
Dis*par"age (; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disparaged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disparaging.] Etym: [OF. desparagier, F. déparager, to marry
unequally; pref. des- (L. dis-) + F. parage extraction, lineage, from
L. par equal, peer. See Peer.]

1. To match unequally; to degrade or dishonor by an unequal marriage.
[Obs.]
Alas! that any of my nation Should ever so foul disparaged be.
Chaucer.

2. To dishonor by a comparison with what is inferior; to lower in
rank or estimation by actions or words; to speak slightingly of; to
depreciate; to undervalue.
Those forbidding appearances which sometimes disparage the actions of
men sincerely pious. Bp. Atterbury.
Thou durst not thus disparage glorious arms. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To decry; depreciate; undervalue; underrate; cheapen; vilify;
reproach; detract from; derogate from; degrade; debase. See Decry.

DISPARAGE
Dis"pa*rage`, n.

Defn: Inequality in marriage; marriage with an inferior. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Dissuaded her from such a disparage. Spenser.

DISPARAGEMENT
Dis*par"age*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. desparagement.]

1. Matching any one in marriage under his or her degree; injurious
union with something of inferior excellence; a lowering in rank or
estimation. [Eng.]
And thought that match a foul disparagement. Spenser.

2. Injurious comparison with an inferior; a depreciating or
dishonoring opinion or insinuation; diminution of value; dishonor;
indignity; reproach; disgrace; detraction; -- commonly with to.
It ought to be no disparagement to a star that it is not the sun.
South.
Imitation is a disparagement and a degradation in a Christian
minister. I. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- Indignity; derogation; detraction; reproach; dishonor;
debasement; degradation; disgrace.

DISPARAGER
Dis*par"a*ger, n.

Defn: One who disparages or dishonors; one who vilifies or disgraces.

DISPARAGINGLY
Dis*par"a*ging*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner to disparage or dishonor; slightingly.

DISPARATE
Dis"pa*rate, a. Etym: [L. disparatus, p. p. of disparare to part,
separate; dis- + parare to make ready, prepare.]

1. Unequal; dissimilar; separate.
Connecting disparate thoughts, purely by means of resemblances in the
words expressing them. Coleridge.

2. (Logic)

Defn: Pertaining to two coördinate species or divisions.

DISPARATES
Dis"pa*rates, n. pl.

Defn: Things so unequal or unlike that they can not be compared with
each other.

DISPARITION
Dis`pa*ri"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. disparition.]

Defn: Act of disappearing; disappearance. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

DISPARITY
Dis*par"i*ty, n.; pl. Disparities. Etym: [LL. disparitas, fr. L.
dispar unlike, unequal; dis- + par equal: cf. F. disparité. See Par,
Peer.]

Defn: Inequality; difference in age, rank, condition, or excellence;
dissimilitude; -- followed by between, in, of, as to, etc.; as,
disparity in, or of, years; a disparity as to color.
The disparity between God and his intelligent creatures. I. Taylor.
The disparity of numbers was not such as ought to cause any
uneasiness. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Inequality; unlikeness; dissimilitude; disproportion; difference.

DISPARK
Dis*park", v. t.

1. To throw (a park or inclosure); to treat (a private park) as a
common.
The Gentiles were made to be God's people when the Jews' inclosure
was disparked. Jer. Taylor.

2. To set at large; to release from inclosure.
Till his free muse threw down the pale, And did at once dispark them
all. Waller.

DISPARKLE
Dis*par"kle, v. t. Etym: [OF. desparpeillier.]

Defn: To scatter abroad. [Obs.] Holland.

DISPART
Dis*part", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disparted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disparting.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + part: cf. OF. despartir.]

Defn: To part asunder; to divide; to separate; to sever; to rend; to
rive or split; as, disparted air; disparted towers. [Archaic]
Them in twelve troops their captain did dispart. Spenser.
The world will be whole, and refuses to be disparted. Emerson.

DISPART
Dis*part", v. i.

Defn: To separate, to open; to cleave.

DISPART
Dis*part", n.

1. (Gun.)

Defn: The difference between the thickness of the metal at the mouth
and at the breech of a piece of ordnance.
On account of the dispart, the line of aim or line of metal, which is
in a plane passing through the axis of the gun, always makes a small
angle with the axis. Eng. Cys.

2. (Gun.)

Defn: A piece of metal placed on the muzzle, or near the trunnions,
on the top of a piece of ordnance, to make the line of sight parallel
to the axis of the bore; -- called also dispart sight, and muzzle
sight.

DISPART
Dis*part", v. t.

1. (Gun.)

Defn: To make allowance for the dispart in (a gun), when taking aim.
Every gunner, before he shoots, must truly dispart his piece. Lucar.

2. (Gun.)

Defn: To furnish with a dispart sight.

DISPASSION
Dis*pas"sion, n.

Defn: Freedom from passion; an undisturbed state; apathy. Sir W.
Temple.

DISPASSIONATE
Dis*pas"sion*ate, a.

1. Free from passion; not warped, prejudiced, swerved, or carried
away by passion or feeling; judicial; calm; composed.
Wise and dispassionate men. Clarendon.

2. Not dictated by passion; not proceeding from temper or bias;
impartial; as, dispassionate proceedings; a dispassionate view.

Syn.
 -- Calm; cool; composed serene; unimpassioned; temperate; moderate;
impartial; unruffled.
 -- Dis*pas"sion*ate*ly, adv.
 -- Dis*pas"sion*ate*ness, n.

DISPASSIONED
Dis*pas"sioned, a.

Defn: Free from passion; dispassionate. [R.] "Dispassioned men."
Donne.

DISPATCH
Dis*patch" (; 224), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispatched; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dispatching.] Etym: [OF. despeechier, F. dépêcher; prob. from pref.
des- (L. dis-) + (assumed) LL. pedicare to place obstacles in the
way, fr. L. pedica fetter, fr. pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf.
Impeach, Despatch.] [Written also despatch.]

1. To dispose of speedily, as business; to execute quickly; to make a
speedy end of; to finish; to perform.
Ere we put ourselves in arms, dispatch we The business we have talked
of. Shak.
[The] harvest men . . . almost in one fair day dispatcheth all the
harvest work. Robynson (More's Utopia).

2. To rid; to free. [Obs.]
I had clean dispatched myself of this great charge. Udall.

3. To get rid of by sending off; to send away hastily.
Unless dispatched to the mansion house in the country . . . they
perish among the lumber of garrets. Walpole.

4. To send off or away; -- particularly applied to sending off
messengers, messages, letters, etc., on special business, and
implying haste.
Even with the speediest expedition I will dispatch him to the
emperor's couShak.

5. To send out of the world; to put to death.
The company shall stone them with stones, and dispatch them with
their swords. Ezek. xxiii. 47.

Syn.
 -- To expedite; hasten; speed; accelerate; perform; conclude;
finish; slay; kill.

DISPATCH
Dis*patch", v. i.

Defn: To make haste; to conclude an affair; to finish a matter of
business.
They have dispatched with Pompey. Shak.

DISPATCH
Dis*patch", n. Etym: [Cf. OF. despeche, F. dépêche. See Dispatch, v.
t.] [Written also despatch.]

1. The act of sending a message or messenger in haste or on important
business.

2. Any sending away; dismissal; riddance.
To the utter dispatch of all their most beloved comforts. Milton.

3. The finishing up of a business; speedy performance, as of
business; prompt execution; diligence; haste.
Serious business, craving quick dispatch. Shak.
To carry his scythe . . . with a sufficient dispatch through a
sufficient space. Paley.

4. A message dispatched or sent with speed; especially, an important
official letter sent from one public officer to another; -- often
used in the plural; as, a messenger has arrived with dispatches for
the American minister; naval or military dispatches.

5. A message transmitted by telegraph. [Modern] Dispatch boat, a
swift vessel for conveying dispatches; an advice boat.
 -- Dispatch box, a box for carrying dispatches; a box for papers and
other conveniences when traveling.

Syn.
 -- Haste; hurry; promptness; celerity; speed. See Haste.

DISPATCHER
Dis*patch"er, n.

Defn: One who dispatches.

DISPATCHFUL
Dis*patch"ful, a.

Defn: Bent on haste; intent on speedy execution of business or any
task; indicating haste; quick; as, dispatchful looks. Milton.

DISPATCHMENT
Dis*patch"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. despechement.]

Defn: The act of dispatching. [Obs.] State Trials (1529).

DISPATHY
Dis"pa*thy, n.; pl. Dispathies. Etym: [Pref. dis- + Gr. Pathos.]

Defn: Lack of sympathy; want of passion; apathy. [R.]
Many discrepancies and some dispathies between us. Southey.

DISPAUPER
Dis*pau"per, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of the claim of a pauper to public support; to
deprive of the privilege of suing in forma pauperis.

DISPAUPERIZE
Dis*pau"per*ize, v. t.

Defn: To free a state of pauperism, or from paupers. J. S. Mill.

DISPEED
Dis*peed", v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + speed.]

Defn: To send off with speed; to dispatch. [Obs.] Knolles.
Then they dispeeded themselves of the Cid and of their mother-in-law,
DoSouthey.

DISPEL
Dis*pel", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Dispelling.]
Etym: [L. dispellere; dis- + pellere to push, drive. See Pulse a
beating.]

Defn: To drive away by scattering, or so to cause to vanish; to clear
away; to banish; to dissipate; as, to dispel a cloud, vapors, cares,
doubts, illusions.
[Satan] gently raised their fainting courage, and dispelled their
fears. Milton.
I saw myself the lambent easy light Gild the brown horror, and dispel
the night. Dryden.

DISPENCE
Dis*pence", v. i. & n.

Defn: See Dispense. [Obs.]

DISPEND
Dis*pend", v. t. Etym: [OF. despendre, L. dispendere to weigh out,
dispense; dis- + pendere to weigh. See Pension, Spend, and cf.
Dispense.]

Defn: To spend; to lay out; to expend. [Obs.] Spenser.
Able to dispend yearly twenty pounds and above. Fuller.

DISPENDER
Dis*pend"er, n.

Defn: One who dispends or expends; a steward. [Obs.] Wyclif (1 Cor.
iv. 1).

DISPENSABLE
Dis*pen"sa*ble, a. Etym: [LL. dispensabilis. See Dispense.]

1. Capable of being dispensed or administered.

2. Capable of being dispensed with. Coleridge.

DISPENSABLENESS
Dis*pen"sa*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being dispensable.

DISPENSARY
Dis*pen"sa*ry, n.; pl. Dispensaries. Etym: [Cf. F. dispensaire.]

1. A place where medicines are prepared and dispensed; esp., a place
where the poor can obtain medical advice and medicines gratuitously
or at a nominal price.

2. A dispensatory. Pope.

DISPENSATION
Dis`pen*sa"tion, n. Etym: [F. dispensation, L. dispensatio.]

1. The act of dispensing or dealing out; distribution; often used of
the distribution of good and evil by God to man, or more generically,
of the acts and modes of his administration.
To respect the dispensations of Providence. Burke.

2. That which is dispensed, dealt out, or appointed; that which is
enjoined or bestowed; especially (Theol.),

Defn: a system of principles, promises, and rules ordained and
administered; scheme; economy; as, the Patriarchal, Mosaic, and
Christian dispensations.
Neither are God's methods or intentions different in his
dispensations to each private man. Rogers.

3. The relaxation of a law in a particular case; permission to do
something forbidden, or to omit doing something enjoined;
specifically, in the Roman Catholic Church, exemption from some
ecclesiastical law or obligation to God which a man has incurred of
his own free will (oaths, vows, etc.).
A dispensation was obtained to enable Dr. Barrow to marry. Ward.

DISPENSATIVE
Dis*pen"sa*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. dispensatif.]

Defn: Granting dispensation.

DISPENSATIVELY
Dis*pen"sa*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By dispensation. Wotton.

DISPENSATOR
Dis"pen*sa`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A distributer; a dispenser. Bacon.

DISPENSATORILY
Dis*pen"sa*to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In the way of dispensation; dispensatively.

DISPENSATORY
Dis*pen"sa*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. dispensatorius relating to management.
See Dispense, v. t.]

Defn: Granting, or authorized to grant, dispensations. "Dispensatory
power." Bp. Rainbow.

DISPENSATORY
Dis*pen"sa*to*ry, n.; pl. Dispensatories (.

Defn: A book or medicinal formulary containing a systematic
description of drugs, and of preparations made from them. It is
usually, but not always, distinguished from a pharmacopoeia in that
it issued by private parties, and not by an official body or by
government.

DISPENSE
Dis*pense", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispensed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dispensing.] Etym: [F. dispenser, L. dispensare, intens. of
dispendere. See Dispend.]

1. To deal out in portions; to distribute; to give; as, the steward
dispenses provisions according directions; Nature dispenses her
bounties; to dispense medicines.
He is delighted to dispense a share of it to all the company. Sir W.
Scott.

2. To apply, as laws to particular cases; to administer; to execute;
to manage; to direct.
While you dispense the laws, and guide the state. Dryden.

3. To pay for; to atone for. [Obs.]
His sin was dispensed With gold, whereof it was compensed. Gower.

4. To exempt; to excuse; to absolve; -- with from.
It was resolved that all members of the House who held commissions,
should be dispensed from parliamentary attendance. Macaulay.
He appeared to think himself born to be supported by others, and
dispensed from all necessity of providing for himself. Johnson.

DISPENSE
Dis*pense", v. i.

1. To compensate; to make up; to make amends. [Obs.]
One loving hour For many years of sorrow can dispense. Spenser.

2. To give dispensation.
He [the pope] can also dispense in all matters of ecclesiastical law.
Addis & Arnold (Cath. Dict. )
To dispense with. (a) To permit the neglect or omission of, as a
form, a ceremony, an oath; to suspend the operation of, as a law; to
give up, release, or do without, as services, attention, etc.; to
forego; to part with. (b) To allow by dispensation; to excuse; to
exempt; to grant dispensation to or for. [Obs.] "Conniving and
dispensing with open and common adultery." Milton. (c) To break or go
back from, as one's word. [Obs.] Richardson.

DISPENSE
Dis*pense", n. Etym: [Cf. F. dispense dispensation. See Dispense, v.
t.]

Defn: Dispensation; exemption. [Obs.]

DISPENSE
Dis*pense", n. Etym: [OF. despense, F. dépense.]

Defn: Expense; profusion; outlay. [Obs.]
It was a vault built for great dispense. Spenser.

DISPENSER
Dis*pens"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, dispenses; a distributer; as, a
dispenser of favors.

DISPEOPLE
Dis*peo"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispeopled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dispeopling.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + people: cf. F. dépeupler.]

Defn: To deprive of inhabitants; to depopulate.
Leave the land dispeopled and desolate. Sir T. More.
A certain island long before dispeopled . . . by sea rivers. Milton.

DISPEOPLER
Dis*peo"pler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, dispeoples; a depopulator. Gay.

DISPERGE
Dis*perge", v. t. Etym: [L. dispergere. See Disperse.]

Defn: To sprinkle. [Obs.]

DISPERMOUS
Di*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Gr. disperme.] (Bot.)

Defn: Containing only two seeds; two-seeded.

DISPERPLE
Dis*per"ple, v. t. Etym: [OF. desparpe.]

Defn: To scatter; to sprinkle. [Obs.]
Odorous water was Disperpled lightly on my head and neck. Chapman.

DISPERSAL
Dis*per"sal, n.

Defn: The act or result of dispersing or scattering; dispersion.
Darwin.

DISPERSE
Dis*perse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispersed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dispersing.] Etym: [L. dispersus, p. p. of dispergere to strew,
scatter. See Sparse.]

1. To scatter abroad; to drive to different parts; to distribute; to
diffuse; to spread; as, the Jews are dispersed among all nations.
The lips of the wise disperse knowledge. Prov. xv. 7.
Two lions, in the still, dark night, A herd of beeves disperse.
Cowper.

2. To scatter, so as to cause to vanish; to dissipate; as, to
disperse vapors.
Dispersed are the glories. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To scatter; dissipate; dispel; spread; diffuse; distribute; deal
out; disseminate.

DISPERSE
Dis*perse", v. i.

1. To separate; to go or move into different parts; to vanish; as,
the company dispersed at ten o'clock; the clouds disperse.

2. To distribute wealth; to share one's abundance with others.
He hath dispersed, he hath given to the poor. Ps. cxii. 9.

DISPERSED
Dis*persed", a.

Defn: Scattered.
 -- Dis*pers"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Dis*pers"ed*ness, n. Dispersed harmony (Mus.), harmony in which
the tones composing the chord are widely separated, as by an octave
or more.

DISPERSENESS
Dis*perse"ness, n.

Defn: Dispersedness. [Obs.]

DISPERSER
Dis*pers"er, n.

Defn: One that disperses.

DISPERSION
Dis*per"sion, n. Etym: [CF. F. dispersion.]

1. The act or process of scattering or dispersing, or the state of
being scattered or separated; as, the Jews in their dispersion
retained their rites and ceremonies; a great dispersion of the human
family took place at the building of Babel.
The days of your slaughter and of your dispersions are accomplished.
Jer. xxv. 34.

2. (Opt.)

Defn: The separation of light into its different colored rays,
arising from their different refrangibilities. Dispersion of the
optic axes (Crystallog.), the separation of the optic axes in biaxial
crystals, due to the fact that the axial angle has different values
for the different colors of the spectrum.

DISPERSIVE
Dis*pers"ive, a.

Defn: Tending to disperse. Dispersive power (Opt.), the relative
effect of a material in separating the different rays of light by
refraction, as when the substance is formed into a prism.
 -- Dis*pers"ive*ness, n.

DISPERSONATE
Dis*per"son*ate, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of personality or individuality. [R.]
We multiply; we dispersonate ourselves. Hare.

DISPIRIT
Dis*pir"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispirited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dispiriting.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + spirit.]

1. To deprive of cheerful spirits; to depress the spirits of; to
dishearten; to discourage.
Not dispirited with my afflictions. Dryden.
He has dispirited himself by a debauch. Collier.

2. To distill or infuse the spirit of. [Obs. or R.]
This makes a man master of his learning, and dispirits the book into
the scholar. Fuller.

Syn.
 -- To dishearten; discourage; deject; damp; depress; cast down;
intimidate; daunt; cow.

DISPIRITED
Dis*pir"it*ed, a.

Defn: Depressed in spirits; disheartened; daunted.
 -- Dis*pir"it*ed*ly, adv.
 -- Dis*pir"it*ed, n.

DISPIRITMENT
Dis*pir"it*ment, n.

Defn: Depression of spirits; discouragement. [R.]
Procter, in evident distress and dispiritment, was waiting the slow
conclusion of this. Carlyle.

DISPITEOUS
Dis*pit"e*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. dis- + piteous. Cf. Despiteous.]

Defn: Full of despite; cruel; spiteful; pitiless. Spenser.
 -- Dis*pit"e*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.]

DISPLACE
Dis*place", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Displaced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Displacing.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + place: cf. F. déplacer.]

1. To change the place of; to remove from the usual or proper place;
to put out of place; to place in another situation; as, the books in
the library are all displaced.

2. To crowd out; to take the place of.
Holland displaced Portugal as the mistress of those seas. London
Times.

3. To remove from a state, office, dignity, or employment; to
discharge; to depose; as, to displace an officer of the revenue.

4. To dislodge; to drive away; to banish. [Obs.]
You have displaced the mirth. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To disarrange; derange; dismiss; discard.

DISPLACEABLE
Dis*place"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being displaced.

DISPLACEMENT
Dis*place"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. déplacement.]

1. The act of displacing, or the state of being displaced; a putting
out of place.
Unnecessary displacement of funds. A. Hamilton.
The displacement of the sun by parallax. Whewell.

2. The quantity of anything, as water, displaced by a floating body,
as by a ship, the weight of the displaced liquid being equal to that
of the displacing body.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: The process of extracting soluble substances from organic
material and the like, whereby a quantity of saturated solvent is
displaced, or removed, for another quantity of the solvent. Piston
displacement (Mech.), the volume of the space swept through, or
weight of steam, water, etc., displaced, in a given time, by the
piston of a steam engine or pump.

DISPLACENCY
Dis*pla"cen*cy, n. Etym: [LL. displacentia, for L. displicentia, fr.
displicere to displease; dis- + placere to please. See Displease, and
cf. Displeasance.]

Defn: Want of complacency or gratification; envious displeasure;
dislike. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

DISPLACER
Dis*pla"cer, n.

1. One that displaces.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The funnel part of the apparatus for solution by displacement.

DISPLANT
Dis*plant", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Di; p. pr. & vb. n. Displanting.]
Etym: [Pref. dis- + plant: cf. OF. desplanter, F. déplanter.]

1. To remove (what is planted or fixed); to unsettle and take away;
to displace; to root out; as, to displant inhabitants.
I did not think a look, Or a poor word or two, could have displanted
Such a fixed constancy. Beau. & Fl.

2. To strip of what is planted or settled; as, to displant a country
of inhabitants. Spenser.

DISPLANTATION
Dis`plan*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of displanting; removal; displacement. Sir W. Raleigh.

DISPLAT
Dis*plat", v. t.

Defn: To untwist; to uncurl; to unplat. [Obs.] Hakewill.

DISPLAY
Dis*play", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Displayed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Displaying.] Etym: [OE. displaien, desplaien, OF. despleier,
desploier, F. déployer; pref. des- (L. dis-) + pleier, ploier, plier,
F. ployer, plier, to fold, bend, L. plicare. See Ply, and cf. Deploy,
Splay.]

1. To unfold; to spread wide; to expand; to stretch out; to spread.
The northern wind his wings did broad display. Spenser.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To extend the front of (a column), bringing it into line.
Farrow.

3. To spread before the view; to show; to exhibit to the sight, or to
the mind; to make manifest.
His statement . . . displays very clearly the actual condition of the
army. Burke.

4. To make an exhibition of; to set in view conspicuously or
ostentatiously; to exhibit for the sake of publicity; to parade.
Proudly displaying the insignia of their order. Prescott.

5. (Print.)

Defn: To make conspicuous by large or prominent type.

6. To discover; to descry. [Obs.]
And from his seat took pleasure to display The city so adorned with
towers. Chapman.

Syn.
 -- To exhibit; show; manifest; spread out; parade; expand; flaunt.

DISPLAY
Dis*play", v. i.

Defn: To make a display; to act as one making a show or
demonstration. Shak.

DISPLAY
Dis*play", n.

1. An opening or unfolding; exhibition; manifestation.
Having witnessed displays of his power and grace. Trench.

2. Ostentatious show; exhibition for effect; parade.
He died, as erring man should die, Without display, without parade.
Byron.

DISPLAYED
Dis*played", a.

1. Unfolded; expanded; exhibited conspicuously or ostentatiously.

2. (Her.)

Defn: With wings expanded; -- said of a bird of pray, esp. an eagle.

3. (Print.)

Defn: Set with lines of prominent type interspersed, to catch the
eye.

DISPLAYER
Dis*play"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, displays.

DISPLE
Dis"ple, v. t.

Defn: To discipline; to correct. [Obs.]
And bitter Penance, with an iron whip, Was wont him once to disple
every day. Spenser.

DISPLEASANCE
Dis*pleas"ance, n. Etym: [OF. desplaisance, F. déplaisance. Cf.
Displacency.]

Defn: Displeasure; discontent; annoyance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DISPLEASANT
Dis*pleas"ant, a. Etym: [OF. desplaisant, F. déplaisant. See
Displease.]

Defn: Unpleasing; offensive; unpleasant. [Obs.] Speed.
 -- Dis*pleas"ant*ly, adv. [Obs.] Strype.
 -- Dis*pleas"ant*ness, n. [Obs.]

DISPLEASE
Dis*please", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Displeased; p. pr. & vb. n.
Displeasing.] Etym: [OF. desplaisir, whence F. déplaisir displeasure;
pref. des- (L. dis-) + plaisir to please. See Please, and cf.
Displeasure.]

1. To make not pleased; to excite a feeling of disapprobation or
dislike in; to be disagreeable to; to offend; to vex; -- often
followed by with or at. It usually expresses less than to anger, vex,
irritate, or provoke.
God was displeased with this thing. 1 Chron. xxi. 7.
Wilt thou be displeased at us forever Psalms lxxxv. 5 (Bk. of Com.
Prayer).
This virtuous plaster will displease Your tender sides. J. Fletcher.
Adversity is so wholesome . . . why should we be displeased therewith
Barrow.

2. To fail to satisfy; to miss of. [Obs.]
I shall displease my ends else. Beau. & Fl.

Syn.
 -- To offend; disgust; vex; annoy; dissatisfy; chafe; anger;
provoke; affront.

DISPLEASE
Dis*please", v. i.

Defn: To give displeasure or offense. [Obs.]

DISPLEASEDLY
Dis*pleas"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: With displeasure. [R.]

DISPLEASEDNESS
Dis*pleas"ed*ness, n.

Defn: Displeasure. [R.] South.

DISPLEASER
Dis*pleas"er, n.

Defn: One who displeases.

DISPLEASING
Dis*pleas"ing, a.

Defn: Causing displeasure or dissatisfaction; offensive;
disagreeable.
 -- Dis*pleas"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Dis*pleas"ing*ness, n. Locke.

DISPLEASURE
Dis*pleas"ure, n. Etym: [Pref. dis- + pleasure: cf. OF. desplaisir,
F. déplaisir. Cf. Displease.]

1. The feeling of one who is displeased; irritation or uneasiness of
the mind, occasioned by anything that counteracts desire or command,
or which opposes justice or a sense of propriety; disapprobation;
dislike; dissatisfaction; disfavor; indignation.
O Lord, rebuke me not in thine anger, neither chasten me in thy hot
displeasure. Ps. vi. 1.
Undoubtedly he will relent, and turn From his displeasure. Milton.

2. That which displeases; cause of irritation or annoyance; offense;
injury.
Hast thou delight to see a wretched man Do outrage and displeasure to
himself Shak.

3. State of disgrace or disfavor; disfavor. [Obs.]
He went into Poland, being in displeasure with the pope for overmuch
familiarity. Peacham.

Syn.
 -- Dissatisfaction; disapprobation; disfavor; distaste; dislike;
anger; hate; aversion; indignation; offense.

DISPLEASURE
Dis*pleas"ure, v. t.

Defn: To displease. [Obs.] Bacon.

DISPLENISH
Dis*plen"ish, v. t.

Defn: To deprive or strip, as a house of furniture, or a barn of
stock. [Scot.]

DISPLICENCE; DISPLICENCY
Dis"pli*cence, Dis"pli*cen*cy, n. Etym: [L. displicentia. See
Displacency.]

Defn: Dislike; dissatisfaction; discontent. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

DISPLODE
Dis*plode", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disploded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disploding.] Etym: [L. displodere, displosum; dis- + plodere,
plaudere, to clap, strike, beat.]

Defn: To discharge; to explode.
In posture to displode their second tire Of thunder. Milton.

DISPLODE
Dis*plode", v. i.

Defn: To burst with a loud report; to explode. "Disploding engines."
Young.

DISPLOSION
Dis*plo"sion, n.

Defn: Explosion.
The vast displosion dissipates the clouds. Young.

DISPLOSIVE
Dis*plo"sive, a.

Defn: Explosive.

DISPLUME
Dis*plume", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Displumed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Displuming.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + plume: cf. OF. desplumer, F.
déplumer.]

Defn: To strip of, or as of, a plume, or plumes; to deprive of
decoration; to dishonor; to degrade.
Displumed, degraded, and metamorphosed. Burke.

DISPOLINE
Dis"po*line, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of several isomeric organic bases of the quinoline series
of alkaloids.

DISPOND
Dis*pond", n.

Defn: See Despond.

DISPONDEE
Di*spon"dee, n. Etym: [L. dispondeus, Gr. (Gr.

Defn: A double spondee; a foot consisting of four long syllables.

DISPONE
Dis*pone", v. t. Etym: [L. disponere. See Disposition.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: To dispose.

2. To dispose of. Chaucer.

3. (Scots Law)

Defn: To make over, or convey, legally.
He has disponed . . . the whole estate. Sir W. Scott.

DISPONEE
Dis`po*nee", n. (Scots Law)

Defn: The person to whom any property is legally conveyed.

DISPONER
Dis*pon"er, n. (Scots Law)

Defn: One who legally transfers property from himself to another.

DISPONGE
Dis*ponge", v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + sponge.]

Defn: To sprinkle, as with water from a sponge. [Poetic & Rare]
[Written also dispunge.]
O sovereign mistress of true melancholy, The poisonous damp of night
disponge upon me. Shak.

DISPOPE
Dis*pope", v. t.

Defn: To refuse to consider as pope; to depose from the popedom.
One whom they disposed. Tennyson.

DISPOROUS
Di*spor"ous, a. Etym: [Pref. di- + sporous.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having two spores.

DISPORT
Dis*port", n. Etym: [OF. desport, deport. See Disport, v. i., and cf.
Sport.]

Defn: Play; sport; pastime; diversion; playfulness. Milton.

DISPORT
Dis*port", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Disported; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disporting.] Etym: [OF. se desporter; pref. des- (L. dis-) + F.
porter to carry; orig. therefore, to carry one's self away from work,
to go to amuse one's self. See Port demeanor, and cf. Sport.]

Defn: To play; to wanton; to move in gayety; to move lightly and
without restraint; to amuse one's self.
Where light disports in ever mingling dyes. Pope.
Childe Harold basked him in the noontide sun, Disporting there like
any other fly. Byron.

DISPORT
Dis*port", v. t. Etym: [OF. desporter. See Disport, v. i.]

1. To divert or amuse; to make merry.
They could disport themselves. Buckle.

2. To remove from a port; to carry away. Prynne.

DISPORTMENT
Dis*port"ment, n.

Defn: Act of disporting; diversion; play. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

DISPOSABLE
Dis*pos"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Dispose.]

Defn: Subject to disposal; free to be used or employed as occasion
may require; not assigned to any service or use.
The great of this kingdom . . . has easily afforded a disposable
surplus. Burke.

DISPOSAL
Dis*pos"al, n. Etym: [From Dispose.]

1. The act of disposing, or disposing of, anything; arrangement;
orderly distribution; a putting in order; as, the disposal of the
troops in two lines.

2. Ordering; regulation; adjustment; management; government;
direction.
The execution leave to high disposal. Milton.

3. Regulation of the fate, condition, application, etc., of anything;
the transference of anything into new hands, a new place, condition,
etc.; alienation, or parting; as, a disposal of property.
A domestic affair of great importance, which is no less than the
disposal of my sister Jenny for life. Tatler.

4. Power or authority to dispose of, determine the condition of,
control, etc., especially in the phrase at, or in, the disposal of.
The sole and absolute disposal of him an his concerns. South.

Syn.
 -- Disposition; dispensation; management; conduct; government;
distribution; arrangement; regulation; control.

DISPOSE
Dis*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disposed; p. pr. & vb. n. Disposing.]
Etym: [F. disposer; pref. dis- + poser to place. See Pose.]

1. To distribute and put in place; to arrange; to set in order; as,
to dispose the ships in the form of a crescent.
Who hath disposed the whole world Job xxxiv. 13.
All ranged in order and disposed with grace. Pope.
The rest themselves in troops did else dispose. Spenser.

2. To regulate; to adjust; to settle; to determine.
The knightly forms of combat to dispose. Dryden.

3. To deal out; to assign to a use; to bestow for an object or
purpose; to apply; to employ; to dispose of.
Importuned him that what he designed to bestow on her funeral, he
would rather dispose among the poor. Evelyn.

4. To give a tendency or inclination to; to adapt; to cause to turn;
especially, to incline the mind of; to give a bent or propension to;
to incline; to make inclined; -- usually followed by to, sometimes by
for before the indirect object.
Endure and conquer; Jove will soon dispose To future good our past
and present woes. Dryden.
Suspicions dispose kings to tyranny, husbands to jealousy, and wise
men to irresolution and melancholy. Bacon.
To dispose of. (a) To determine the fate of; to exercise the power of
control over; to fix the condition, application, employment, etc. of;
to direct or assign for a use.
Freedom to order their actions and dispose of their possessions and
persons. Locke.

(b) To exercise finally one's power of control over; to pass over
into the control of some one else, as by selling; to alienate; to
part with; to relinquish; to get rid of; as, to dispose of a house;
to dispose of one's time.
More water . . . than can be disposed of. T. Burnet.
I have disposed of her to a man of business. Tatler.
A rural judge disposed of beauty's prize. Waller.

Syn.
 -- To set; arrange; order; distribute; adjust; regulate; adapt; fit;
incline; bestow; give.

DISPOSE
Dis*pose", v. i.

Defn: To bargain; to make terms. [Obs.]
She had disposed with Cæsar. Shak.

DISPOSE
Dis*pose", n.

1. Disposal; ordering; management; power or right of control. [Obs.]
But such is the dispose of the sole Disposer of empires. Speed.

2. Cast of mind; disposition; inclination; behavior; demeanor. [Obs.]
He hath a person, and a smooth dispose To be suspected. Shak.

DISPOSED
Dis*posed", p. a.

1. Inclined; minded.
When he was disposed to pass into Achaia. Acts xviii. 27.

2. Inclined to mirth; jolly. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Well disposed, in
good condition; in good health. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DISPOSEDNESS
Dis*pos"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being disposed or inclined; inclination;
propensity. [R.]

DISPOSEMENT
Dis*pose"ment, n.

Defn: Disposal. [Obs.] Goodwin.

DISPOSER
Dis*pos"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, disposes; a regulator; a director; a
bestower.
Absolute lord and disposer of all things. Barrow.

DISPOSINGLY
Dis*pos"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner to dispose.

DISPOSITED
Dis*pos"it*ed, a. Etym: [See Disposition.]

Defn: Disposed. [Obs.] Glanvill.

DISPOSITION
Dis`po*si"tion, n. Etym: [F. disposition, dispositio, fr. disponere
to dispose; dis- + ponere to place. See Position, and cf. Dispone.]

1. The act of disposing, arranging, ordering, regulating, or
transferring; application; disposal; as, the disposition of a man's
property by will.
Who have received the law by the disposition of angels. Acts vii. 53.
The disposition of the work, to put all things in a beautiful order
and harmony, that the whole may be of a piece. Dryden.

2. The state or the manner of being disposed or arranged;
distribution; arrangement; order; as, the disposition of the trees in
an orchard; the disposition of the several parts of an edifice.

3. Tendency to any action or state resulting from natural
constitution; nature; quality; as, a disposition in plants to grow in
a direction upward; a disposition in bodies to putrefaction.

4. Conscious inclination; propension or propensity.
How stands your disposition to be married Shak.

5. Natural or prevailing spirit, or temperament of mind, especially
as shown in intercourse with one's fellow-men; temper of mind. "A man
of turbulent disposition." Hallam. "He is of a very melancholy
disposition." Shak.
His disposition led him to do things agreeable to his quality and
condition wherein God had placed him. Strype.

6. Mood; humor.
As I perchance hereafter shall think meet To put an antic disposition
on. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Disposal; adjustment; regulation; arrangement; distribution;
order; method; adaptation; inclination; propensity; bestowment;
alienation; character; temper; mood.
 -- Disposition, Character, Temper. Disposition is the natural humor
of a person, the predominating quality of his character, the
constitutional habit of his mind. Character is this disposition
influenced by motive, training, and will. Temper is a quality of the
fiber of character, and is displayed chiefly when the emotions,
especially the passions, are aroused.

DISPOSITIONAL
Dis`po*si"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to disposition.

DISPOSITIONED
Dis`po*si"tioned, a.

Defn: Having (such) a disposition; -- used in compounds; as, well-
dispositioned.

DISPOSITIVE
Dis*pos"i*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. dispositif.]

1. Disposing; tending to regulate; decretive. [Obs.]
His dispositive wisdom and power. Bates.

2. Belonging to disposition or natural, tendency. [Obs.] "Dispositive
holiness." Jer. Taylor.

DISPOSITIVELY
Dis*pos"i*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dispositive manner; by natural or moral disposition.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Do dispositively what Moses is recorded to have done literally, . . .
break all the ten commandments at once. Boyle.

DISPOSITOR
Dis*pos"it*or, n. Etym: [L. See Disposition.]

1. A disposer.

2. (Astrol.)

Defn: The planet which is lord of the sign where another planet is.
[Obs.] Crabb.

DISPOSSESS
Dis`pos*sess" (; see Possess), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispossessed; p.
pr. & vb. n. Dispossessing.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + possess: cf. F.
déposséder.]

Defn: To put out of possession; to deprive of the actual occupancy
of, particularly of land or real estate; to disseize; to eject; --
usually followed by of before the thing taken away; as, to dispossess
a king of his crown.
Usurp the land, and dispossess the swain. Goldsmith.

DISPOSSESSION
Dis`pos*ses"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dépossession.]

1. The act of putting out of possession; the state of being
dispossessed. Bp. Hall.

2. (Law)

Defn: The putting out of possession, wrongfully or otherwise, of one
who is in possession of a freehold, no matter in what title; --
called also ouster.

DISPOSSESSOR
Dis`pos*sess"or, n.

Defn: One who dispossesses. Cowley.

DISPOST
Dis*post", v. t.

Defn: To eject from a post; to displace. [R.] Davies (Holy Roode).

DISPOSURE
Dis*po"sure, n. Etym: [From Dispose.]

1. The act of disposing; power to dispose of; disposal; direction.
Give up My estate to his disposure. Massinger.

2. Disposition; arrangement; position; posture. [Obs.]
In a kind of warlike disposure. Sir H. Wotton.

DISPRAISABLE
Dis*prais"a*ble, a.

Defn: Blamable. [R.]

DISPRAISE
Dis*praise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispraised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dispraising.] Etym: [OE. dispreisen, OF. desprisier, despreisier, F.
dépriser; pref. des- (L. dis-) + prisier, F. priser, to prize,
praise. See Praise, and cf. Disprize, Depreciate.]

Defn: To withdraw praise from; to notice with disapprobation or some
degree of censure; to disparage; to blame.
Dispraising the power of his adversaries. Chaucer.
I dispraised him before the wicked, that the wicked might not fall in
love with him. Shak.

DISPRAISE
Dis*praise", n. Etym: [Cf. OF. despris. See Dispraise, v. t.]

Defn: The act of dispraising; detraction; blame censure; reproach;
disparagement. Dryden.
In praise and in dispraise the same. Tennyson.

DISPRAISER
Dis*prais"er, n.

Defn: One who blames or dispraises.

DISPRAISINGLY
Dis*praising*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of dispraise.

DISPREAD
Dis*pread", v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + spread.]

Defn: To spread abroad, or different ways; to spread apart; to open;
as, the sun dispreads his beams. Spenser.

DISPREAD
Dis*pread", v. i.

Defn: To extend or expand itself. [R.]
While tyrant Hdispreading through the sky. Thomson.

DISPREADER
Dis*pread"er, n.

Defn: One who spreads abroad.
Dispreaders both of vice and error. Milton.

DISPREJUDICE
Dis*prej"u*dice, v. t.

Defn: To free from prejudice. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

DISPREPARE
Dis`pre*pare", v. t.

Defn: To render unprepared. [Obs.] Hobbes.

DISPRINCE
Dis*prince", v. t.

Defn: To make unlike a prince. [R.]
For I was drench'd with ooze, and torn with briers, . . . And, all
one rag, disprinced from head to heel. Tennyson.

DISPRISON
Dis*pris"on, v. t.

Defn: To let loose from prison, to set all liberty. [R.] Bulwer.

DISPRIVILEGE
Dis*priv"i*lege, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of a privilege or privileges. [R.]

DISPRIZE
Dis*prize", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Dispraise.]

Defn: To do preciate. [R.] Cotton (Ode to Lydia).

DISPROFESS
Dis`pro*fess", v. t.

Defn: To renounce the profession or pursuit of.
His arms, which he had vowed to disprofess. Spenser.

DISPROFIT
Dis*prof"it, n.

Defn: Loss; damage. Foxe.

DISPROFIT
Dis*prof"it, v. i. & i.

Defn: To be, or to cause to be, without profit or benefit. [Obs. or
Archaic] Bale.

DISPROFITABLE
Dis*prof"it*a*ble, a.

Defn: Unprofitable. [Obs.]

DISPROOF
Dis*proof", n. Etym: [Pref. dis- + proof. Cf. Disprove.]

Defn: A proving to be false or erroneous; confutation; refutation;
as, to offer evidence in disproof of a statement.
I need not offer anything farther in support of one, or in disproof
of the other. Rogers.

DISPROPERTY
Dis*prop"er*ty, v. t.

Defn: To cause to be no longer property; to dispossess of. [R.] Shak.

DISPROPORTION
Dis`pro*por"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. dis- + proportion: cf. F.
disproportion.]

1. Want of proportion in form or quantity; lack of symmetry; as, the
arm may be in disproportion to the body; the disproportion of the
length of a building to its height.

2. Want of suitableness, adequacy, or due proportion to an end or
use; unsuitableness; disparity; as, the disproportion of strength or
means to an object.

DISPROPORTION
Dis`pro*por"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disproportioned; p. pr. & vb.
n. Disproportioning.]

Defn: To make unsuitable in quantity, form, or fitness to an end; to
violate symmetry in; to mismatch; to join unfitly.
To shape my legs of an unequal size; To disproportion me in every
part. Shak.
A degree of strength altogether disproportioned to the extent of its
territory. Prescott.

DISPROPORTIONABLE
Dis`pro*por"tion*a*ble, a.

Defn: Disproportional; unsuitable in form, size, quantity, or
adaptation; disproportionate; inadequate.
 -- Dis`pro*por"tion*a*ble*ness, n. Hammond.
 -- Dis`pro*por"tion*a*bly, adv.

DISPROPORTIONAL
Dis`pro*por"tion*al, a.

Defn: Not having due proportion to something else; not having
proportion or symmetry of parts; unsuitable in form, quantity or
value; inadequate; unequal; as, a disproportional limb constitutes
deformity in the body; the studies of youth should not be
disproportional to their understanding.

DISPROPORTIONALITY
Dis`pro*por`tion*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being disproportional. Dr. H. More.

DISPROPORTIONALLY
Dis`pro*por"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a disproportional manner; unsuitably in form, quantity, or
value; unequally.

DISPROPORTIONATE
Dis`pro*por"tion*ate, a.

Defn: Not proportioned; unsymmetrical; unsuitable to something else
in bulk, form, value, or extent; out of proportion; inadequate; as,
in a perfect body none of the limbs are disproportionate; it is
wisdom not to undertake a work disproportionate means.
 -- Dis`pro*por"tion*ate*ly, adv.
 -- Dis`pro*por"tion*ate*ness, n.

DISPROPRIATE
Dis*pro"pri*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. dis- + propriare to appropriate, fr.
proprius one's own, proper.]

Defn: To cancel the appropriation of; to disappropriate. [R.]

DISPROVABLE
Dis*prov"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being disproved or refuted. Boyle.

DISPROVAL
Dis*prov"al, n.

Defn: Act of disproving; disproof. [R.]

DISPROVE
Dis*prove", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disproved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disproving.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + prove: cf. OF. desprover.]

1. To prove to be false or erroneous; to confute; to refute.
That false supposition I advanced in order to disprove it. Atterbury.

2. To disallow; to disapprove of. [Obs.] Stirling.

DISPROVER
Dis*prov"er, n.

Defn: One who disproves or confutes.

DISPROVIDE
Dis`pro*vide", v. t.

Defn: Not to provide; to fail to provide. [Obs.] Boyle.

DISPUNCT
Dis*punct", a.

Defn: Wanting in punctilious respect; discourteous. [Obs.]
That were dispunct to the ladies. B. Jonson.

DISPUNCT
Dis*punct", v. t. Etym: [See 1st Dispunge.]

Defn: To expunge. [Obs.] Foxe.

DISPUNGE
Dis*punge", v. t. Etym: [L. dispungere to prick apart, i. e., check
off the debts and credits of an account; dis- + pungere to prick.]

Defn: To expunge; to erase. [Obs.]

DISPUNGE
Dis*punge", v. t.

Defn: See Disponge. [Obs.]

DISPUNISHABLE
Dis*pun"ish*a*ble, a.

Defn: Without penal restraint; not punishable. [R.] Swift.

DISPURPOSE
Dis*pur"pose, v. t.

Defn: To dissuade; to frustrate; as, to dispurpose plots. [R.] A.
Brewer.

DISPURSE
Dis*purse", v. t.

Defn: To disburse. [Obs.] Shak.

DISPURVEY
Dis`pur*vey", v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + purvey: cf. OF. desporveoir,
F. dépourvoir.]

Defn: To disfurnish; to strip. [Obs.] Heywood.

DISPURVEYANCE
Dis`pur*vey"ance, n.

Defn: Want of provisions; [Obs.] Spenser.

DISPUTABLE
Dis`pu*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. disputabilis: cf. F. disputable. See
Dispute, v. i.]

1. Capable of being disputed; liable to be called in question,
controverted, or contested; or doubtful certainty or propriety;
controvertible; as, disputable opinions, propositions, points, or
questions.
Actions, every one of which is very disputable. Jer. Taylor.

2. Disputatious; contentious. [Obs.] Shak.

DISPUTABLENESS
Dis`pu*ta*ble*ness, n.

Defn: State of being disputable.

DISPUTACITY
Dis`pu*tac"i*ty, n. Etym: [See Dispute, v. i.]

Defn: Proneness to dispute. [Obs.] Bp. Ward.

DISPUTANT
Dis"pu*tant, a. Etym: [L. disputants, p. pr. of disputare: cf. F.
disputant. See Dispute, v. i.]

Defn: Disputing; engaged in controversy. Milton.

DISPUTANT
Dis"pu*tant, n.

Defn: One who disputes; one who argues
A singularly eager, acute, and pertinacious disputant. Macaulay.

DISPUTATION
Dis`pu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [OE. desputeson, disputacion, OF.
desputeison, F. disputation, fr. L. disputatio. See Dispute, v. i.]

1. The act of disputing; a reasoning or argumentation in opposition
to something, or on opposite sides; controversy in words; verbal
contest respecting the truth of some fact, opinion, proposition, or
argument.

2. A rhetorical exercise in which parties reason in opposition to
each other on some question proposed.

DISPUTATIOUS
Dis`pu*ta"tious, a.

Defn: Inclined to dispute; apt to civil or controvert; characterized
by dispute; as, a disputatious person or temper.
The Christian doctrine of a future life was no recommendation of the
new religion to the wits and philosophers of that disputations
period. Buckminster.
-- Dis`pu*ta"tious*ly, adv.
 -- Dis`pu*ta"tious*ness, n.

DISPUTATIVE
Dis*put"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. disputativus.]

Defn: Disposed to dispute; inclined to cavil or to reason in
opposition; as, a disputative temper. I. Watts.

DISPUTE
Dis*pute", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Disputed; p. pr. & vb. n. Disputing.]
Etym: [OE. desputen, disputen, OF. desputer, disputer, F. disputer,
from L. disputare, disputatum; dis- + putare to clean; hence, fig.,
to clear up, set in order, reckon, think. See Putative, Pure.]

Defn: To contend in argument; to argue against something maintained,
upheld, or claimed, by another; to discuss; to reason; to debate; to
altercate; to wrangle.
Therefore disputed [reasoned, Rev. Ver
.] he in synagogue with the Jews. Acts xvii. 17.

DISPUTE
Dis*pute", v. t.

1. To make a subject of disputation; to argue pro and con; to
discuss.
The rest I reserve it be disputed how the magistrate is to do herein.
Milton.

2. To oppose by argument or assertion; to attempt to overthrow; to
controvert; to express dissent or opposition to; to call in question;
to deny the truth or validity of; as, to dispute assertions or
arguments.
To seize goods under the disputed authority of writs of assistance.
Bancroft.

3. To strive or contend about; to contest.
To dispute the possession of the ground with the Spaniards. Prescott.

4. To struggle against; to resist. [Obs.]
Dispute it [grief] like a man. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To controvert; contest; gainsay; doubt; question; argue; debate;
discuss; impugn. See Argue.

DISPUTE
Dis*pute", n. Etym: [Cf. F. dispute. See Dispute, v. i.]

1. Verbal controversy; contest by opposing argument or expression of
opposing views or claims; controversial discussion; altercation;
debate.
Addicted more To contemplation and profound dispute. Milton.

2. Contest; struggle; quarrel. De Foe. Beyond dispute, Without
dispute, indisputably; incontrovertibly.

Syn.
 -- Altercation; controversy; argumentation; debate; discussion;
quarrel; disagreement; difference; contention; wrangling. See
Altercation.

DISPUTELESS
Dis*pute"less, a.

Defn: Admitting no dispute; incontrovertible. Bailey.

DISPUTER
Dis*put"er, n.

Defn: One who disputes, or who is given to disputes; a controvertist.
Where is the disputer of this world 1 Cor. i. 20.

DISPUTISON
Dis*pu"ti*son, n. Etym: [See Disputation.]

Defn: Dispute; discussion. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DISQUALIFICATION
Dis*qual`i*fi*ca"tion, n.

1. The act of disqualifying, or state of being disqualified; want of
qualification; incompetency; disability; as, the disqualification of
men for holding certain offices.

2. That which disqualifies; that which incapacitates or makes unfit;
as, conviction of crime is a disqualification of a person for office;
sickness is a disqualification for labor.
I must still retain the consciousness of those disqualifications
which you have been pleased to overlook. Sir J. Shore.

DISQUALIFY
Dis*qual"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disqualified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disqualifying.]

1. To deprive of the qualities or properties necessary for any
purpose; to render unfit; to incapacitate; -- with for or from before
the purpose, state, or act.
My common illness disqualifies me for all conversation; I mean my
deafness. Swift.
Me are not disqualified by their engagements in trade from being
received in high society. Southey.

2. To deprive of some power, right, or privilege, by positive
restriction; to disable; to debar legally; as, a conviction of
perjury disqualifies a man to be a witness.

DISQUANTITY
Dis*quan"ti*ty, v. t.

Defn: To diminish the quantity of; to lessen. [Obs.] Shak.

DISQUIET
Dis*qui"et, a.

Defn: Deprived of quiet; impatient; restless; uneasy. [R.] Shak.

DISQUIET
Dis*qui"et, n.

Defn: Want of quiet; want of tranquility in body or mind; uneasiness;
restlessness; disturbance; anxiety. Swift.

DISQUIET
Dis*qui"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disquieted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disquieting.]

Defn: To render unquiet; to deprive of peace, rest, or tranquility;
to make uneasy or restless; to disturb.
Why art thou cast down, O my soul, and why art thou disquieted within
me Ps. xlii. 11.
As quiet as these disquieted times will permit. Sir W. Scott.

Syn.
 -- To harass; disturb; vex; fret; excite; agitate.

DISQUIETAL
Dis*qui"et*al, n.

Defn: The act of disquieting; a state of disquiet. [Obs.]
[It] roars and strives 'gainst its disquietal. Dr. H. More.

DISQUIETER
Dis*qui"et*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, disquiets, or makes uneasy; a
disturber.

DISQUIETFUL
Dis*qui"et*ful, a.

Defn: Producing inquietude or uneasiness. [R.] Barrow.

DISQUIETIVE
Dis*qui"et*ive, a.

Defn: Tending to disquiet. [R.]

DISQUIETLY
Dis*qui"et*ly, adv.

Defn: In a disquiet manner; uneasily; as, he rested disquietly that
night. [R.] Wiseman.

DISQUIETMENT
Dis*qui"et*ment, n.

Defn: State of being disquieted; uneasiness; harassment. [R.]
Hopkins.

DISQUIETNESS
Dis*qui"et*ness, n.

Defn: Disturbance of quiet in body or mind; restlessness; uneasiness.
Hooker.

DISQUIETOUS
Dis*qui"et*ous, a.

Defn: Causing uneasiness. [R.]
So distasteful and disquietous to a number of men. Milton.

DISQUIETTUDE
Dis*qui"et*tude, n.

Defn: Want of peace or tranquility; uneasiness; disturbance;
agitation; anxiety.
Fears and disquietude, and unavoidable anxieties of mind. Abp. Sharp.

DISQUISITION
Dis`qui*si"tion, n. Etym: [L. disquisitio, fr. disquirere to inquire
diligently, investigate; dis- + quaerere to seek. See Quest.]

Defn: A formal or systematic inquiry into, or discussion of, any
subject; a full examination or investigation of a matter, with the
arguments and facts bearing upon it; elaborate essay; dissertation.
For accurate research or grave disquisition he was not well
qualified. Macaulay.

DISQUISITIONAL
Dis`qui*si"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to disquisition; of the nature of disquisition.

DISQUISITIONARY
Dis`qui*si"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to disquisition; disquisitional.

DISQUISITIVE
Dis*quis"i*tive, a.

Defn: Relating to disquisition; fond discussion or investigation;
examining; inquisitive.

DISQUISITORIAL
Dis*quis`i*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Disquisitory.

DISQUISITORY
Dis*quis"i*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to disquisition; disquisitive. Ed. Rev.

DISRANGE
Dis*range", v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + range: cf. OF. desrengier, F.
dérangier. See Derange, Disrank.]

Defn: To disarrange. [Obs.] Wood.

DISRANK
Dis*rank" (; see Dis-), v. t. Etym: [Cf. Derange.]

1. To degrade from rank. [Obs.]

2. To throw out of rank or into confusion. Decker.

DISRATE
Dis*rate", v. t.

Defn: To reduce to a lower rating or rank; to degrade. Marryat.

DISRAY
Dis*ray", variant

Defn: of Disarray. [Obs.] Holland.

DISREALIZE
Dis*re"al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To divest of reality; to make uncertain. [Obs.] Udall.

DISREGARD
Dis`re*gard", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disregarded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disregarding.]

Defn: Not to regard; to pay no heed to; to omit to take notice of; to
neglect to observe; to slight as unworthy of regard or notice; as, to
disregard the admonitions of conscience.
Studious of good, man disregarded fame. Blackmore.

DISREGARD
Dis`re*gard", n.

Defn: The act of disregarding, or the state of being disregarded;
intentional neglect; omission of notice; want of attention; slight.
The disregard of experience. Whewell.

DISREGARDER
Dis`re*gard"er, n.

Defn: One who disregards.

DISREGARDFUL
Dis`re*gard"ful, a.

Defn: Neglect; negligent; heedless; regardless.

DISREGARDFULLY
Dis`re*gard"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: Negligently; heedlessly.

DISRELISH
Dis*rel"ish (; see Dis-), n.

1. Want of relish; dislike (of the palate or of the mind); distaste;
a slight degree of disgust; as, a disrelish for some kinds of food.
Men love to hear of their power, but have an extreme disrelish to be
told of their duty. Burke.

2. Absence of relishing or palatable quality; bad taste;
nauseousness. Milton.

DISRELISH
Dis*rel"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disrelished; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disrelishing.]

1. Not to relish; to regard as unpalatable or offensive; to feel a
degree of disgust at. Pope.

2. To deprive of relish; to make nauseous or disgusting in a slight
degree. Milton.

DISREMEMBER
Dis`re*mem"ber, v. t.

Defn: To fail to remember; to forget. [Obs. or Archaic]

DISREPAIR
Dis`re*pair", n.

Defn: A state of being in bad condition, and wanting repair.
The fortifications were ancient and in disrepair. Sir W. Scott.

DISREPUTABILITY
Dis*rep`u*ta*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being disreputable. [R.]

DISREPUTABLE
Dis*rep"u*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Not reputable; of bad repute; not in esteem; dishonorable;
disgracing the reputation; tending to bring into disesteem; as, it is
disreputable to associate familiarly with the mean, the lewd, and the
profane.
Why should you think that conduct disreputable in priests which you
probably consider as laudable in yourself Bp. Watson.

Syn.
 -- Dishonorable; discreditable; low; mean; disgraceful; shameful.

DISREPUTABLY
Dis*rep"u*ta*bly, adv.

Defn: In a disreputable manner.

DISREPUTATION
Dis*rep`u*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Loss or want of reputation or good name; dishonor; disrepute;
disesteem. "A disreputation of piety." Jer. Taylor.

DISREPUTE
Dis`re*pute", n.

Defn: Loss or want of reputation; ill character; disesteem;
discredit.
At the beginning of the eighteenth century astrology fell into
general disrepute. Sir W. Scott.

Syn.
 -- Disesteem; discredit; dishonor; disgrace.

DISREPUTE
Dis`re*pute", v. t.

Defn: To bring into disreputation; to hold in dishonor. [R.]
More inclined to love them tan to disrepute them. Jer. Taylor.

DISRESPECT
Dis`re*spect", n.

Defn: Want of respect or reverence; disesteem; incivility;
discourtesy.
Impatience of bearing the least affront or disrespect. Pope.

DISRESPECT
Dis`re*spect", v. t.

Defn: To show disrespect to.
We have disrespected and slighted God. Comber.

DISRESPECTABILITY
Dis`re*spect`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Want of respectability. Thackeray.

DISRESPECTABLE
Dis`re*spect"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not respectable; disreputable. M. Arnold.

DISRESPECTER
Dis`re*spect"er, n.

Defn: One who disrespects.

DISRESPECTFUL
Dis`re*spect"ful, a.

Defn: Wanting in respect; manifesting disesteem or lack of respect;
uncivil; as, disrespectful behavior.
 -- Dis`re*spect"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Dis`re*spect"ful*ness, n.

DISRESPECTIVE
Dis`re*spect"ive, a.

Defn: Showing want of respect; disrespectful. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

DISREVERENCE
Dis*rev"er*ence, v. t.

Defn: To treat irreverently or with disrespect. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

DISROBE
Dis*robe" (; see Dis-), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Disrobed; p. pr. &
vb. n. Disrobing.]

Defn: To divest of a robe; to undress; figuratively, to strip of
covering; to divest of that which clothes or decorates; as, autumn
disrobes the fields of verdure.
Two great peers were disrobed of their glory. Sir H. Wotton.

DISROBER
Dis*rob"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, disrobes.

DISROOF
Dis*roof", v. t.

Defn: To unroof. [R.] Carlyle.

DISROOT
Dis*root", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disrooted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disrooting.]

Defn: To tear up the roots of, or by the roots; hence, to tear from a
foundation; to uproot.
A piece of ground disrooted from its situation by subterraneous
inundations. Goldsmith.

DISROUT
Dis*rout", v. i. Etym: [Cf. OF. desrouter, F. dérouter.]

Defn: To put to rout. Taylor (1630).

DISRUDDER
Dis*rud"der, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of the rudder, as a ship.

DISRULILY
Dis*ru"li*ly, adv.

Defn: In a disorderly manner. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

DISRULY
Dis*ru"ly, a.

Defn: Unruly; disorderly. [Obs.]

DISRUPT
Dis*rupt", a. Etym: [L. disruptus, diruptus, p. p. of disrumpere, to
break or burst asunder; dis- + rumpere to break, burst. See Rupture.]

Defn: Rent off; torn asunder; severed; disrupted.

DISRUPT
Dis*rupt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disrupted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disrupting.]

Defn: To break asunder; to rend. Thomson.

DISRUPTION
Dis*rup"tion, n. Etym: [L. disruptio, diruptio.]

Defn: The act or rending asunder, or the state of being rent asunder
or broken in pieces; breach; rent; dilaceration; rupture; as, the
disruption of rocks in an earthquake; disruption of a state.

DISRUPTIVE
Dis*rupt"ive, a.

Defn: Causing, or tending to cause, disruption; caused by disruption;
breaking through; bursting; as, the disruptive discharge of an
electrical battery. Nichol.

DISRUPTURE
Dis*rup"ture, n.

Defn: Disruption. [R.] Jefferson.

DISSATISFACTION
Dis*sat`is*fac"tion, n.

Defn: The state of being dissatisfied, unsatisfied, or discontented;
uneasiness proceeding from the want of gratification, or from
disappointed wishes and expectations.
The ambitious man has little happiness, but is subject to much
uneasiness and dissatisfaction. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Discontent; discontentment; displeasure; disapprobation;
distaste; dislike.

DISSATISFACTORY
Dis*sat`is*fac"to*ry, a.

Defn: Causing dissatisfaction; unable to give content;
unsatisfactory; displeasing.
To have reduced the different qualifications in the different States
to one uniform rule, would probably have been as dissatisfactory to
some of the States, as difficult for the Convention. A. Hamilton.
-- Dis*sat`is*fac"to*ri*ness, n.

DISSATISFY
Dis*sat"is*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dissatisfied; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dissatisfying.]

Defn: To render unsatisfied or discontented; to excite uneasiness in
by frustrating wishes or expectations; to displease by the want of
something requisite; as, to be dissatisfied with one's fortune.
The dissatisfied factions of the autocracy. Bancroft.

DISSEAT
Dis*seat", v. t.

Defn: To unseat. [R.] Shak.

DISSECT
Dis*sect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dissected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dissecting.] Etym: [L. dissectus, p. p. of dissecare; dis- + secare
to cut. See Section.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: To divide into separate parts; to cut in pieces; to separate
and expose the parts of, as an animal or a plant, for examination and
to show their structure and relations; to anatomize.

2. To analyze, for the purposes of science or criticism; to divide
and examine minutely.
This paragraph . . . I have dissected for a sample. Atterbury.

DISSECTED
Dis*sect"ed, a.

1. Cut into several parts; divided into sections; as, a dissected
map.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Cut deeply into many lobes or divisions; as, a dissected leaf.

DISSECTIBLE
Dis*sect"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being dissected, or separated by dissection. Paley.

DISSECTING
Dis*sect"ing, a.

1. Dividing or separating the parts of an animal or vegetable body;
as, a dissecting aneurism, one which makes its way between or within
the coats of an artery.

2. Of or pertaining to, or received during, a dissection; as, a
dissecting wound.

3. Used for or in dissecting; as, a dissecting knife; a dissecting
microscope.

DISSECTION
Dis*sec"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dissection.]

1. The act of dissecting an animal or plant; as, dissection of the
human body was held sacrilege till the time of Francis I.

2. Fig.: The act of separating or dividing for the purpose of
critical examination.

3. Anything dissected; especially, some part, or the whole, of an
animal or plant dissected so as to exhibit the structure; an
anatomical so prepared. Dissection wound, a poisoned wound incurred
during the dissection of a dead body.

DISSECTOR
Dis*sect"or, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dissecteur.]

Defn: One who dissects; an anatomist.

DISSEIZE
Dis*seize", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disseized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disseizing.] Etym: [Pref. dis- + seize: cf. F. dessaisir.] (Law)

Defn: To deprive of seizin or possession; to dispossess or oust
wrongfully (one in freehold possession of land); -- followed by of;
as, to disseize a tenant of his freehold. [Written also disseise.]
Which savage beasts strive as eagerly to keep and hold those golden
mines, as the Arimaspians to disseize them thereof. Holland.

DISSEIZEE
Dis`sei*zee", n. (Law)

Defn: A person disseized, or put out of possession of an estate
unlawfully; -- correlative to disseizor. [Written also disseisee.]

DISSEIZIN
Dis*sei"zin, n. Etym: [OF. dessaisine.] (Law)

Defn: The act of disseizing; an unlawful dispossessing and ouster of
a person actually seized of the freehold. [Written also disseisin.]
Blackstone.

DISSEIZOR
Dis*sei"zor, n. (Law)

Defn: One who wrongfully disseizes, or puts another out of possession
of a freehold. [Written also disseisor.] Blackstone.

DISSEIZORESS
Dis*sei"zor*ess, n. (Law)

Defn: A woman disseizes.

DISSEIZURE
Dis*sei"zure, n.

Defn: Disseizin. Speed.

DISSEMBLANCE
Dis*sem"blance, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dissemblance. See Dissemble.]

Defn: Want of resemblance; dissimilitude. [R.] Osborne.

DISSEMBLANCE
Dis*sem"blance, n. Etym: [Dissemble + -ance.]

Defn: The act or art of dissembling; dissimulation. [Obs.]

DISSEMBLE
Dis*sem"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dissembled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dissembling.] Etym: [OF. dissembler to be dissimilar; pref. dis- (L.
dis-) + F. sembler to seem, L. simulare to simulate; cf. L.
dissimulare to dissemble. See Simulate, and cf. Dissimulate.]

1. To hide under a false semblance or seeming; to feign (something)
not to be what it really is; to put an untrue appearance upon; to
disguise; to mask.
Dissemble all your griefs and discontents. Shak.
Perhaps it was right to dissemble your love, But -- why did you kick
me down stairs J. P. Kemble.

2. To put on the semblance of; to make pretense of; to simulate; to
feign.
He soon dissembled a sleep. Tatler.

Syn.
 -- To conceal; disguise; cloak; cover; equivocate. See Conceal.

DISSEMBLE
Dis*sem"ble, v. i.

Defn: To conceal the real fact, motives,
He that hateth dissembleth with his lips. Prov. xxvi. 24.
He [an enemy] dissembles when he assumes an air of friendship. C. J.
Smith.

DISSEMBLER
Dis*sem"bler, n.

Defn: One who dissembles; one who conceals his opinions or
dispositions under a false appearance; a hypocrite.
It is the weakest sort of politicians that are the greatest
dissemblers. Bacon.
Priests, princes, women, no dissemblers here. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Dissembler, Hypocrite. A person is called a dissembler with
reference to his concealment of his real character, and a hypocrite
with reference to his assumption of a false character. But hypocrite
is the stronger word, being commonly used to characterize a person
who is habitually insincere and false, especially one who makes
professions of goodness when his aims are selfish and his life
corrupt.

DISSEMBLING
Dis*sem"bling, a.

Defn: That dissembles; hypocritical; false.
 -- Dis*sem"bling*ly, adv.

DISSEMINATE
Dis*sem"i*nate, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Disseminated; p. pr. & vb.
n. Disseminating.] Etym: [L. disseminatus, p. p. of disseminare to
disseminate; dis- + seminare to sow, semen seed. See Seminary.]

1. To sow broadcast or as seed; to scatter for growth and
propagation, like seed; to spread abroad; to diffuse; as, principles,
ideas, opinions, and errors are disseminated when they are spread
abroad for propagation.

2. To spread or extend by dispersion.
A nearly uniform and constant fire or heat disseminated throughout
the body of the earth. Woodward.

Syn.
 -- To spread; diffuse; propagate; circulate; disperse; scatter.

DISSEMINATED
Dis*sem"i*na`ted, p. a. (Min.)

Defn: Occurring in small portions scattered through some other
substance.

DISSEMINATION
Dis*sem`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. disseminatio: cf. F. dissémination.]

Defn: The act of disseminating, or the state of being disseminated;
diffusion for propagation and permanence; a scattering or spreading
abroad, as of ideas, beliefs, etc.
The universal dissemination of those writings. Wayland.

DISSEMINATIVE
Dis*sem"i*na*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to disseminate, or to become disseminated.
The effect of heresy is, like the plague, infectious and
disseminative. Jer. Taylor.

DISSEMINATOR
Dis*sem"i*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who, or that which, disseminates, spreads, or propagates;
as, disseminators of disease.

DISSENSION
Dis*sen"sion, n. Etym: [L. dissensio: cf. F. dissension. See
Dissent.]

Defn: Disagreement in opinion, usually of a violent character,
producing warm debates or angry words; contention in words; partisan
and contentious divisions; breach of friendship and union; strife;
discord; quarrel.
Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and disputation with them.
Acts xv. 2.
Debates, dissension, uproars are thy joy. Dryden.
A seditious person and raiser-up of dissension among the people.
Robynson (More's Utopia).

DISSENSIOUS
Dis*sen"sious, a.

Defn: Disposed to discord; contentious; dissentious. [R.] Ascham.
 -- Dis*sen"sious*ly, adv. Chapman.

DISSENT
Dis*sent", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dissented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dissenting.] Etym: [L. dissentire, dissentum; dis- + sentire to feel,
think. See Sense.]

1. To differ in opinion; to be of unlike or contrary sentiment; to
disagree; -- followed by from.
The bill passed . . . without a dissenting voice. Hallam.
Opinions in which multitudes of men dissent from us. Addison.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: To differ from an established church in regard to doctrines,
rites, or government.

3. To differ; to be of a contrary nature. Hooker.

DISSENT
Dis*sent", n.

1. The act of dissenting; difference of opinion; refusal to adopt
something proposed; nonagreement, nonconcurrence, or disagreement.
The dissent of no small number [of peers] is frequently recorded.
Hallam.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: Separation from an established church, especially that of
England; nonconformity.
It is the dissidence of dissent and the protestantism of the
Protestant religion. Burke.

3. Contrariety of nature; diversity in quality. [Obs.]
The dissent of the metals. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Disagreement; variance; difference; nonconcurrence;
nonconformity.

DISSENTANEOUS
Dis`sen*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. dissentaneus.]

Defn: Disagreeing; contrary; differing; -- opposed to consentaneous.
[R.] Barrow.

DISSENTANY
Dis"sen*ta*ny, a.

Defn: Dissentaneous; inconsistent. [Obs.] Milton.

DISSENTATION
Dis`sen*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Dissension. [Obs.] W. Browne.

DISSENTER
Dis*sent"er, n.

1. One who dissents; one who differs in opinion, or declares his
disagreement.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: One who separates from the service and worship of an
established church; especially, one who disputes the authority or
tenets of the Church of England; a nonconformist.
Dissenters from the establishment of their several countries. Burke.
Robert Brown is said to have the first formal dissenter. Shipley.

Note: "The word is commonly applied only to Protestants. The Roman
Catholics are generally referred to as a distinct class." Brande & C.

DISSENTERISM
Dis*sent"er*ism, n.

Defn: The spirit or principles of dissenters. Ed. Rev.

DISSENTIATE
Dis*sen"ti*ate, v. t.

Defn: To throw into a state of dissent. [R.] Feltham.

DISSENTIENT
Dis*sen"tient, a. Etym: [L. dissentiens, p. pr. of dissentire. See
Dissent, v. i.]

Defn: Disagreeing; declaring dissent; dissenting.
 -- n.

Defn: One who dissents. Macaulay.

DISSENTIOUS
Dis*sen"tious, a.

Defn: Marked by dissensions; apt to breed discord; quarrelsome;
contentious; factious.
 -- Dis*sen"tious*ly, adv.

DISSENTIVE
Dis*sent"ive, a.

Defn: Disagreeing; inconsistent. [Obs.] Feltham.

DISSEPIMENT
Dis*sep"i*ment, n. Etym: [L. dissaepimentum, fr. dissaepire; dis- +
saepire to hedge in, inclose.]

1. A separating tissue; a partition; a septum.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the partitions which divide a compound ovary into cells.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the transverse, calcareous partitions between the
radiating septa of a coral.

DISSERT
Dis*sert", v. i. Etym: [L. dissertus, p. p. of disserere; dis- +
serere to join, connect: cf. F. disserter. See Series.]

Defn: To discourse or dispute; to discuss. [R.]
We have disserted upon it a little longer than was necessary.
Jeffrey.

DISSERTATE
Dis"ser*tate, v. i. Etym: [L. dissertatus, p. p. of dissertare to
discuss, intents, fr. disserere. See Dissert.]

Defn: To deal in dissertation; to write dissertations; to discourse.
[R.] J. Foster.

DISSERTATION
Dis`ser*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. dissertatio: cf. F. dissertation.]

Defn: A formal or elaborate argumentative discourse, oral or written;
a disquisition; an essay; a discussion; as, Dissertations on the
Prophecies.

DISSERTATIONAL
Dis`ser*ta"tion*al, a.

Defn: Relating to dissertations; resembling a dissertation.

DISSERTATIONIST
Dis`ser*ta"tion*ist, n.

Defn: A writer of dissertations.

DISSERTATOR
Dis"ser*ta`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. dissertateur.]

Defn: One who writers a dissertation; one who discourses. Boyle.

DISSERTLY
Dis*sert"ly, adv.

Defn: See Disertly. [Obs.]

DISSERVE
Dis*serve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Di; p. pr. & vb. n. Disserving.]
Etym: [Pref. dis- + serve: cf. F. desservir.]

Defn: To fail to serve; to do injury or mischief to; to damage; to
hurt; to harm.
Have neither served nor disserved the interests of any party. Jer.
Taylor.

DISSERVICE
Dis*serv"ice, n. Etym: [Pref. dis- + service: cf. F. desservice.]

Defn: Injury; mischief.
We shall rather perform good offices unto truth than any disservice
unto their relators. Sir T. Browne.

DISSERVICEABLE
Dis*serv"ice*a*ble, a.

Defn: Calculated to do disservice or harm; not serviceable;
injurious; harmful; unserviceable. Shaftesbury.
 -- Dis*serv"ice*a*ble*ness, n. Norris.
 -- Dis*serv"ice*a*bly, adv.

DISSETTLE
Dis*set"tle, v. t.

Defn: To unsettle. [Obs.]

DISSETTLEMENT
Dis*set"tle*ment, n.

Defn: The act of unsettling, or the state of being unsettled.
Marvell.

DISSEVER
Dis*sev"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dissevered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dissevering.] Etym: [OE. dessevrer; pref. des- (L. dis-) + sevrer to
sever, F. sevrer to wean, L. separate to separate. In this word the
prefix is intensive. See Dis-, and Sever.]

Defn: To part in two; to sever thoroughly; to sunder; to disunite; to
separate; to disperse.
The storm so dissevered the company . . . that most of therm never
met again. Sir P. Sidney.
States disserved, discordant, belligerent. D. Webster.

DISSEVER
Dis*sev"er, v. i.

Defn: To part; to separate. Chaucer.

DISSEVERANCE
Dis*sev"er*ance, n. Etym: [OF. dessevrance.]

Defn: The act of disserving; separation.

DISSEVERATION
Dis*sev`er*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of disserving; disseverance. [Obs.]

DISSEVERMENT
Dis*sev"er*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. dessevrement.]

Defn: Disseverance. Sir W. Scott.

DISSHADOW
Dis*shad"ow, v. t.

Defn: To free from shadow or shade. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

DISSHEATHE
Dis*sheathe", v. i.

Defn: To become unsheathed. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

DISSHIP
Dis*ship", v. t.

Defn: To dismiss from service on board ship. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

DISSHIVER
Dis*shiv"er, v. t. & i.

Defn: To shiver or break in pieces. [Obs.]

DISSIDENCE
Dis"si*dence, n. Etym: [L. dissidentia: cf. F. dissidence. See
Dissident, a.]

Defn: Disagreement; dissent; separation from the established
religion. I. Taylor.
It is the dissidence of dissent. Burke.

DISSIDENT
Dis"si*dent, a. Etym: [L. dissidens, -entis, p. pr. of dissidere to
sit apart, to disagree; dis- + sedere to sit: cf. F. dissident. See
Sit.]

Defn: No agreeing; dissenting; discordant; different.
Our life and manners be dissident from theirs. Robynson (More's
Utopia).

DISSIDENT
Dis"si*dent, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: One who disagrees or dissents; one who separates from the
established religion.
The dissident, habituated and taught to think of his dissidencI.
Taylor.

DISSIDENTLY
Dis"si*dent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dissident manner.

DISSILIENCE; DISSILIENCY
Dis*sil"i*ence, Dis*sil"i*en*cy, n.

Defn: The act of leaping or starting asunder. Johnson.

DISSILIENT
Dis*sil"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. dissiliens, -entis, p. pr. of dissilire
to leap asunder: dis- + salire to leap.]

Defn: Starting asunder; bursting and opening with an elastic force;
dehiscing explosively; as, a dissilient pericarp.

DISSILITION
Dis`si*li"tion, n.

Defn: The act of bursting or springing apart. [R.] Boyle.

DISSIMILAR
Dis*sim"i*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. dis- + similar: cf. F. dissimilaire.]

Defn: Not similar; unlike; heterogeneous; as, the tempers of men are
as dissimilar as their features.
This part very dissimilar to any other. Boyle.

DISSIMILARITY
Dis*sim`i*lar"i*ty, n.

Defn: Want of resemblance; unlikeness; dissimilitude; variety; as,
the dissimilarity of human faces and forms. Sir W. Jones.

DISSIMILARLY
Dis*sim"i*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dissimilar manner; in a varied style.
With verdant shrubs dissimilarly gay. C. Smart.

DISSIMILATE
Dis*sim"i*late, v. t.

Defn: To render dissimilar.

DISSIMILATION
Dis*sim`i*la"tion, n.

Defn: The act of making dissimilar. H. Sweet.

DISSIMILE
Dis*sim"i*le, n. Etym: [L. dissimile, neut. dissimilis unlike.]
(Rhet.)

Defn: Comparison or illustration by contraries.

DISSIMILITUDE
Dis`si*mil"i*tude, n. Etym: [L. dissimilitudo, fr. dissimilis: cf. F.
dissimilitude.]

1. Want of resemblance; unlikeness; dissimilarity.
Dissimilitude between the Divinity and images. Stillingfleet.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: A comparison by contrast; a dissimile.

DISSIMULATE
Dis*sim"u*late, a. Etym: [L. dissimulatus, p. p. of dissimulare. See
Dissemble.]

Defn: Feigning; simulating; pretending. [Obs.] Henryson.

DISSIMULATE
Dis*sim"u*late, v. i.

Defn: To dissemble; to feign; to pretend.

DISSIMULATION
Dis*sim`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. dissimulatio: cf. F. dissimulation.]

Defn: The act of dissembling; a hiding under a false appearance;
concealment by feigning; false pretension; hypocrisy.
Let love be without dissimulation. Rom. xii. 9.
Dissimulation . . . when a man lets fall signs and arguments that he
is not that he is. Bacon.
Simulation is a pretense of what is not, and dissimulation a
concealment of what is. Tatler.

DISSIMULATOR
Dis*sim"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who dissimulates; a dissembler.

DISSIMULE
Dis*sim"ule, v. t. & i. Etym: [F. dissimuler. See Dissimulate.]

Defn: To dissemble. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DISSIMULER
Dis*sim"u*ler, n.

Defn: A dissembler. [Obs.]

DISSIMULOUR
Dis*sim"u*lour, n. Etym: [OF. dissimuleur.]

Defn: A dissembler. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DISSIPABLE
Dis"si*pa*ble, a. Etym: [L. dissipabilis.]

Defn: Capable of being scattered or dissipated. [R.]
The heat of those plants is very dissipable. Bacon.

DISSIPATE
Dis"si*pate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dissipated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dissipating.] Etym: [L. dissipatus, p. p. of dissipare; dis- + an
obsolete verb sipare, supare. to throw.]

1. To scatter completely; to disperse and cause to disappear; -- used
esp. of the dispersion of things that can never again be collected or
restored.
Dissipated those foggy mists of error. Selden.
I soon dissipated his fears. Cook.
The extreme tendency of civilization is to dissipate all intellectual
energy. Hazlitt.

2. To destroy by wasteful extravagance or lavish use; to squander.
The vast wealth . . . was in three years dissipated. Bp. Burnet.

Syn.
 -- To disperse; scatter; dispel; spend; squander; waste; consume;
lavish.

DISSIPATE
Dis"si*pate, v. i.

1. To separate into parts and disappear; to waste away; to scatter;
to disperse; to vanish; as, a fog or cloud gradually dissipates
before the rays or heat of the sun; the heat of a body dissipates.

2. To be extravagant, wasteful, or dissolute in the pursuit of
pleasure; to engage in dissipation.

DISSIPATED
Dis"si*pa`ted, a.

1. Squandered; scattered. "Dissipated wealth." Johnson.

2. Wasteful of health, money, etc., in the pursuit of pleasure;
dissolute; intemperate.
A life irregular and dissipated. Johnson.

DISSIPATION
Dis`si*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. dissipatio: cf. F. dissipation.]

1. The act of dissipating or dispersing; a state of dispersion or
separation; dispersion; waste.
Without loss or dissipation of the matter. Bacon.
The famous dissipation of mankind. Sir M. Hale.

2. A dissolute course of life, in which health, money, etc., are
squandered in pursuit of pleasure; profuseness in vicious indulgence,
as late hours, riotous living, etc.; dissoluteness.
To reclaim the spendthrift from his dissipation and extravagance. P.
Henry.

3. A trifle which wastes time or distracts attention.
Prevented from finishing them [the letters] a thousand avocations and
dissipations. Swift.
Dissipation of energy. Same as Degradation of energy, under
Degradation.

DISSIPATIVE
Dis"si*pa*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to dissipate. Dissipative system (Mech.), an assumed
system of matter and motions in which forces of friction and
resistances of other kinds are introduced without regard to the heat
or other molecular actions which they generate; -- opposed to
conservative system.

DISSIPATIVITY
Dis`si*pa*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: The rate at which palpable energy is dissipated away into other
forms of energy.

DISSITE
Dis"site, a. Etym: [L. dissitus.]

Defn: Lying apart. [Obs.]
Lands far dissite and remote asunder. Holland.

DISSLANDER
Dis*slan"der, v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- (intens.) + slander.]

Defn: To slander. [Obs.] Legend of Dido.

DISSLANDER
Dis*slan"der, n.

Defn: Slander. [Obs.] E. Hall.

DISSLANDEROUS
Dis*slan"der*ous, a.

Defn: Slanderous. [Obs.]

DISSOCIABILITY
Dis*so`cia*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Want of sociability; unsociableness. Bp. Warburton.

DISSOCIABLE
Dis*so"cia*ble, a. Etym: [L. dissociabilis, fr. issociare: cf. F.
dissociable. See Dissociate.]

1. Not
They came in two and two, though matched in the most dissociable
manner. Spectator.

2. Having a tendency to dissolve social connections; unsuitable to
society; unsociable.

DISSOCIAL
Dis*so"cial, a. Etym: [Pref. dis- + social: cf. L. dissocialis. See
Dissociate, v. t.]

Defn: Unfriendly to society; contracted; selfish; as, dissocial
feelings.

DISSOCIALIZE
Dis*so"cial*ize, v. t.

Defn: To render unsocial.

DISSOCIATE
Dis*so"ci*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dissociated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dissociating.] Etym: [L. dissociatus, p. p. of dissociare to
dissociate; dis- + sociare to unite, associate, socius companion. See
Social.]

Defn: To separate from fellowship or union; to disunite; to disjoin;
as, to dissociate the particles of a concrete substance.
Before Wyclif's death in 1384, John of Gaunt had openly dissociated
himself from the reformer. A. W. Ward.

DISSOCIATION
Dis*so`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. dissociatio: cf. F. dissociation.]

1. The act of dissociating or disuniting; a state of separation;
disunion.
It will add infinitely dissociation, distraction, and confusion of
these confederate republics. Burke.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The process by which a compound body breaks up into simpler
constituents; -- said particularly of the action of heat on gaseous
or volatile substances; as, the dissociation of the sulphur
molecules; the dissociation of ammonium chloride into hydrochloric
acid and ammonia.

DISSOCIATIVE
Dis*so"ci*a*tive, a.

Defn: Tending or leading to dissociation.

DISSOLUBILITY
Dis`so*lu*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being dissoluble; capacity of being dissoluble;
capacity of being dissolved by heat or moisture, and converted into a
fluid.

DISSOLUBLE
Dis"so*lu*ble, a. Etym: [L. dissolubilis: cf. F. dissoluble. See
Dissolve, and cf. Dissolvable.]

1. Capable of being dissolved; having its parts separable by heat or
moisture; convertible into a fluid. Woodward.

2. Capable of being disunited.

DISSOLUBLENESS
Dis"so*lu*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being dissoluble; dissolubility. Boyle.

DISSOLUTE
Dis"so*lute, a. Etym: [L. dissolutus, p. p. of dissolvere: cf. F.
dissolu. See Dissolve.]

1. With nerves unstrung; weak. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Loosed from restraint; esp., loose in morals and conduct;
recklessly abandoned to sensual pleasures; profligate; wanton; lewd;
debauched. "A wild and dissolute soldier." Motley.

Syn.
 -- Uncurbed; unbridled; disorderly; unrestrained; reckless; wild;
wanton; vicious; lax; licentious; lewd;

DISSOLUTELY
Dis"so*lute*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dissolute manner.

DISSOLUTENESS
Dis"so*lute*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being dissolute; looseness of morals and
manners; addictedness to sinful pleasures; debauchery; dissipation.
Chivalry had the vices of dissoluteness. Bancroft.

DISSOLUTION
Dis`so*lu"tion, n. Etym: [OE. dissolucioun dissoluteness, F.
dissolution, fr. L. dissolutio, fr. dissolvere. See Dissolve.]

1. The act of dissolving, sundering, or separating into component
parts; separation.
Dissolutions of ancient amities. Shak.

2. Change from a solid to a fluid state; solution by heat or
moisture; liquefaction; melting.

3. Change of form by chemical agency; decomposition; resolution.
The dissolution of the compound. South.

4. The dispersion of an assembly by terminating its sessions; the
breaking up of a partnership.
Dissolution is the civil death of Parliament. Blackstone.

5. The extinction of life in the human body; separation of the soul
from the body; death.
We expected Immediate dissolution. Milton.

6. The state of being dissolved, or of undergoing liquefaction.
A man of continual dissolution and thaw. Shak.

7. The new product formed by dissolving a body; a solution. Bacon.

8. Destruction of anything by the separation of its parts; ruin.
To make a present dissolution of the world. Hooker.

9. Corruption of morals; dissipation; dissoluteness. [Obs. or R.]
Atterbury.

DISSOLVABILITY
Dis*solv`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capacity of being dissolved; solubility. Richardson.

DISSOLVABLE
Dis*solv"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Dissolve, cf. Dissoluble.]

Defn: Capable of being dissolved, or separated into component parts;
capable of being liquefied; soluble.
 -- Dis*solv"a*ble*ness, n.
Though everything which is compacted be in its own nature
dissolvable. Cudworth.
Such things as are not dissolvable by the moisture of the tongue. Sir
I. Newton.

DISSOLVATIVE
Dis*solv"a*tive, n.

Defn: Having the power to dissolve anything; solvent. [Obs.]
Frampton.

DISSOLVE
Dis*solve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dissolved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dissolving.] Etym: [L. dissolvere, dissolutum; dis- + solvere to
loose, free. See Solve, and cf. Dissolute.]

1. To separate into competent parts; to disorganize; to break up;
hence, to bring to an end by separating the parts, sundering a
relation, etc.; to terminate; to destroy; to deprive of force; as, to
dissolve a partnership; to dissolve Parliament.
Lest his ungoverned rage dissolve the life. Shak.

2. To break the continuity of; to disconnect; to disunite; to sunder;
to loosen; to undo; to separate.
Nothing can dissolve us. Shak.
Down fell the duke, his joints dissolved asunder. Fairfax.
For one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected
them with another. The Declaration of Independence.

3. To convert into a liquid by means of heat, moisture, etc.,; to
melt; to liquefy; to soften.
As if the world were all dissolved to tears. Shak.

4. To solve; to clear up; to resolve. "Dissolved the mystery."
Tennyson.
Make interpretations and dissolve doubts. Dan. v. 16.

5. To relax by pleasure; to make powerless.
Angels dissolved in hallelujahs lie. Dryden.

6. (Law)

Defn: To annul; to rescind; to discharge or release; as, to dissolve
an injunction.

Syn.
 -- See Adjourn.

DISSOLVE
Dis*solve", v. i.

1. To waste away; to be dissipated; to be decomposed or broken up.

2. To become fluid; to be melted; to be liquefied.
A figure Trenched in ice, which with an hour's heat Dissolves to
water, and doth lose his form. Shak.

3. To fade away; to fall to nothing; to lose power.
The charm dissolves apace. Shak.

DISSOLVENT
Dis*solv"ent, a. Etym: [L. dissolvens, -entis, p. pr. of dissolvere.]

Defn: Having power to dissolve power to dissolve a solid body; as,
the dissolvent juices of the stomach. Ray.

DISSOLVENT
Dis*solv"ent, n.

1. That which has the power of dissolving or melting other
substances, esp. by mixture with them; a menstruum; a solvent.
Melted in the crucible dissolvents. A. Smith.
The secret treaty of December acted as an immediate dissolvent to the
truce. Mothley.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A remedy supposed capable of dissolving concretions in the
body, such as calculi, tubercles, etc.

DISSOLVER
Dis*solv"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, has power to dissolve or dissipate.
Thou kind dissolver of encroaching care. Otway.

DISSOLVING
Dis*solv"ing, a.

Defn: Melting; breaking up; vanishing.
 -- Dis*solv"ing*ly, adv. Dissolving view, a picture which grows dim
and is gradually replaced by another on the same field; -- an effect
produced by magic lanterns.

DISSONANCE
Dis"so*nance, n. Etym: [L. dissonantia: cf. F. dissonance.]

1. A mingling of discordant sounds; an inharmonious combination of
sounds; discord.
Filled the air with barbarous dissonance. Milton.

2. Want of agreement; incongruity. Milton.

DISSONANCY
Dis"so*nan*cy, n.

Defn: Discord; dissonance.

DISSONANT
Dis"so*nant, a. Etym: [L. dissonans, -antis, p. pr. of dissonare to
disagree in sound, be discordant; dis- + sonare to sound: cf. F.
dissonant. See Sonant.]

1. Sounding harshly; discordant; unharmonious.
With clamor of voices dissonant and loud. Longfellow.

2. Disagreeing; incongruous; discrepfrom or to. "Anything dissonant
to truth." South.
What can be dissonant from reason and nature than that a man,
naturally inclined to clemency, should show himself unkind and
inhuman Hakewill.

DISSPIRIT
Dis*spir"it, v. t.

Defn: See Dispirit.

DISSUADE
Dis*suade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dissuaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dissuading.] Etym: [L. dissuadere, dissuasum; dis- + suadere to
advise, persuade: cf. F. dissuader. See Suasion.]

1. To advise or exhort against; to try to persuade (one from a
course). [Obsolescent]
Mr. Burchell, on the contrary, dissuaded her with great ardor: and I
stood neuter. Goldsmith.
War, therefore, open or concealed, alike My voice dissuades. Milton.

2. To divert by persuasion; to turn from a purpose by reasons or
motives; -- with from; as, I could not dissuade him from his purpose.
I have tried what is possible to dissuade him. Mad. D' Arblay.

DISSUADER
Dis*suad"er, n.

Defn: One who dissuades; a dehorter.

DISSUASION
Dis*sua"sion, n. Etym: [L. dissuasio: cf. F. dissuasion. See
Dissuade.]

1. The act of dissuading; exhortation against a thing; dehortation.
In spite of all the dissuasions of his friends. Boyle.

2. A motive or consideration tending to dissuade; a dissuasive.

DISSUASIVE
Dis*sua"sive, a.

Defn: Tending to dissuade or divert from a measure or purpose;
dehortatory; as, dissuasive advice.
 -- n.

Defn: A dissuasive argument or counsel; dissuasion; dehortation.
Prynne.
 -- Dis*sua"sive*ly, adv.

DISSUASORY
Dis*sua"so*ry, n.

Defn: A dissuasive. [R.]
This virtuous and reasonable person, however, has ill luck in all his
dissuasories. Jeffrey.

DISSUNDER
Dis*sun"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dissundered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dissundering.] Etym: [Pref. dis- (intens) + sunder.]

Defn: To separate; to sunder; to destroy. [R.] Chapman.

DISSWEETEN
Dis*sweet"en, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of sweetness. [R.] Bp. Richardson.

DISSYLLABIC
Dis`syl*lab"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. dissyllabique. See Dissylable.]

Defn: Consisting of two syllabas, a dissyllabic foot in poetry. B.
Jons

DISSYLLABIFICATION
Dis`syl*lab`i*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: A formi

DISSYLLABIFY
Dis`syl*lab"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [Dissyllable + -fly.]

Defn: To form into two syllables. Ogilvie.

DISSYLLABIZE
Dis*syl"la*bize, v. t.

Defn: To form into two syllables; to dyssyllabify.

DISSYLLABLE
Dis*syl"la*ble, n. Etym: [F. dissyllabe, L. disyllabus, adj., of two
syllables, fr. Gr. Syllable.]

Defn: A word of two syllables; as, pa-per.

DISSYMMETRICAL
Dis`sym*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Not having symmetry; asymmetrical; unsymmetrical.

DISSYMMETRY
Dis*sym"me*try, n. Etym: [Pref. dis- + symmetry.]

Defn: Absence or defect of symmetry; asymmetry.

DISSYMPATHY
Dis*sym"pa*thy, n.

Defn: Lack of sympathy; want of interest; indifference. [R.]

DISTAD
Dis"tad, adv. Etym: [Distal + L. ad toward.] (Anat.)

Defn: Toward a distal part; on the distal side of; distally.

DISTAFF
Dis"taff, n.; pl. Distaffs, rarely Distaves. Etym: [OE. distaf,
dysestafe, AS. distaef; cf. LG. diesse the bunch of flax on a
distaff, and E. dizen. See Staff.]

1. The staff for holding a bunch of flax, tow, or wool, from which
the thread is drawn in spinning by hand.
I will the distaff hold; come thou and spin. Fairfax.

2. Used as a symbol of the holder of a distaff; hence, a woman;
women, collectively.
His crown usurped, a distaff on the throne. Dryden.
Some say the crozier, some say the distaff was too busy. Howell.

Note: The plural is regular, but Distaves occurs in Beaumont &
Fletcher. Descent by distaff, descent on the mother's side.
 -- Distaff Day, or Distaff's Day, the morrow of the Epiphany, that
is, January 7, because working at the distaff was then resumed, after
the Christmas festival; -- called also Rock Day, a distaff being
called a rock. Shipley.

DISTAIN
Dis*tain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Distaining.] Etym: [OE. desteinen, OF. desteindre to take away the
color, F. déteindre; pref. des- (L. dis-) + F. teindre to tinge, dye,
L. tingere. See Tinge, and cf. Stain.]

Defn: To tinge with a different color from the natural or proper one;
to stain; to discolor; to sully; to tarnish; to defile; -- used
chiefly in poetry. "Distained with dirt and blood." Spenser.
[She] hath . . . distained her honorable blood. Spenser.
The worthiness of praise distains his worth. Shak.

DISTAL
Dis"tal, a. Etym: [From Distant.] (Physiol.)
(a) Remote from the point of attachment or origin; as, the distal end
of a bone or muscle; -- opposed to proximal.
(b) Pertaining to that which is distal; as, the distal tuberosities
of a bone.

DISTALLY
Dis"tal*ly, adv. (Anat.)

Defn: Toward a distal part.

DISTANCE
Dis"tance, n. Etym: [F. distance, L. distantia.]

1. The space between two objects; the length of a line, especially
the shortest line joining two points or things that are separate;
measure of separation in place.
Every particle attracts every other with a force . . . inversely
proportioned to the square of the distance. Sir I. Newton.

2. Remoteness of place; a remote place.
Easily managed from a distance. W. Irving.
'T is distance lends enchantment to the view. T. Campbell.
[He] waits at distance till he hears from Cato. Addison.

3. (Racing)

Defn: A space marked out in the last part of a race course.
The horse that ran the whole field out of distance. L'Estrange.

Note: In trotting matches under the rules of the American
Association, the distance varies with the conditions of the race,
being 80 yards in races of mile heaths, best two in three, and 150
yards in races of two-mile heats. At that distance from the winning
post in placed the distance post. If any horse has not reached this
distance post before the first horse in that heat has reached the
winning post, such horse is distanced, and disqualified for cunning
again during that race.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: Relative space, between troops in ranks, measured from front to
rear; -- contrasted with interval, which is measured from right to
left. "Distance between companies in close column is twelve yards."
Farrow.

5. Space between two antagonists in fencing. Shak.

6. (Painting)

Defn: The part of a picture which contains the representation of
those objects which are the farthest away, esp. in a landscape.

Note: In a picture, the Middle distance is the central portion
between the foreground and the distance or the extreme distance. In a
perspective drawing, the Point of distance is the point where the
visual rays meet.

7. Ideal disjunction; discrepancy; contrariety. Locke.

8. Length or interval of time; period, past or future, between two
eras or events.
Ten years' distance between one and the other. Prior.
The writings of Euclid at the distance of two thousand years.
Playfair.

9. The remoteness or reserve which respect requires; hence, respect;
ceremoniousness.
I hope your modesty Will know what distance to the crown is due.
Dryden.
'T is by respect and distance that authority is upheld. Atterbury.

10. A withholding of intimacy; alienation; coldness; disagreement;
variance; restraint; reserve.
Setting them [factions] at distance, or at least distrust amongst
themselves. Bacon.
On the part of Heaven, Now alienated, distance and distaste. Milton.

11. Remoteness in succession or relation; as, the distance between a
descendant and his ancestor.

12. (Mus.)

Defn: The interval between two notes; as, the distance of a fourth or
seventh. Angular distance, the distance made at the eye by lines
drawn from the eye to two objects.
 -- Lunar distance. See under Lunar.
 -- North polar distance (Astron.), the distance on the heavens of a
heavenly body from the north pole. It is the complement of the
declination.
 -- Zenith distance (Astron.), the arc on the heavens from a heavenly
body to the zenith of the observer. It is the complement of the
altitude.
 -- To keep one's distance, to stand aloof; to refrain from
familiarity.
If a man makes keep my distance, the comfort is he keeps his at the
same time. Swift.

DISTANCE
Dis"tance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distanced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Distancing.]

1. To place at a distance or remotely.
I heard nothing thereof at Oxford, being then miles distanced thence.
Fuller.

2. To cause to appear as if at a distance; to make seem remote.
His peculiar art of distancing an object to aggrandize his space. H.
Miller.

3. To outstrip by as much as a distance (see Distance, n., 3); to
leave far behind; to surpass greatly.
He distanced the most skillful of his contemporaries. Milner.

DISTANCY
Dis"tan*cy, n.

Defn: Distance. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

DISTANT
Dis"tant, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. distans, -antis, p. pr. of distare to
stand apart, be separate or distant; dis- + stare to stand. See
Stand.]

1. Separated; having an intervening space; at a distance; away.
One board had two tenons, equally distant. Ex. xxxvi. 22.
Diana's temple is not distant far. Shak.

2. Far separated; far off; not near; remote; -- in place, time,
consanguinity, or connection; as, distant times; distant relatives.
The success of these distant enterprises. Prescott.

3. Reserved or repelling in manners; cold; not cordial; somewhat
haughty; as, a distant manner.
He passed me with a distant bow. Goldsmith.

4. Indistinct; faint; obscure, as from distance.
Some distant knowledge. Shak.
A distant glimpse. W. Irving.

5. Not conformable; discrepant; repugnant; as, a practice so widely
distant from Christianity.

Syn.
 -- Separate; far; remote; aloof; apart; asunder; slight; faint;
indirect; indistinct.

DISTANTIAL
Dis*tan"tial, a.

Defn: Distant. [Obs.]
More distantial from the eye. W. Montagu.

DISTANTLY
Dis"tant*ly, adv.

Defn: At a distance; remotely; with reserve.

DISTASTE
Dis*taste", n.

1. Aversion of the taste; dislike, as of food or drink; disrelish.
Bacon.

2. Discomfort; uneasiness.
Prosperity is not without many fears and distastes, and adversity is
not without comforts and hopes. Bacon.

3. Alienation of affection; displeasure; anger.
On the part of Heaven, Now alienated, distance and distaste. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Disrelish; disinclination; dislike; aversion; displeasure;
dissatisfaction; disgust.

DISTASTE
Dis*taste", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distasted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Distasting.]

1. Not to have relish or taste for; to disrelish; to loathe; to
dislike.
Although my will distaste what it elected. Shak.

2. To offend; to disgust; to displease. [Obs.]
He thought in no policy to distaste the English or Irish by a course
of reformation, but sought to please them. Sir J. Davies.

3. To deprive of taste or relish; to make unsavory or distasteful.
Drayton.

DISTASTE
Dis*taste", v. i.

Defn: To be distasteful; to taste ill or disagreeable. [Obs.]
Dangerous conceits are, in their natures, poisons, Which at the are
scarce found to distaste. Shak.

DISTASTEFUL
Dis*taste"ful, a.

1. Unpleasant or disgusting to the taste; nauseous; loathsome.

2. Offensive; displeasing to the feelings; disagreeable; as, a
distasteful truth.
Distasteful answer, and sometimes unfriendly actions. Milton.

3. Manifesting distaste or dislike; repulsive. "Distasteful looks."
Shak.

Syn.
 -- Nauseous; unsavory; unpalatable; offensive; displeasing;
dissatisfactory; disgusting. - Dis*taste"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Dis*taste"ful*ness, n.

DISTASTEIVE
Dis*taste"ive, a.

Defn: Tending to excite distaste. [Obs.] -- n.

Defn: That which excites distaste or aversion. [Obs.] Whitlock.

DISTASTURE
Dis*tas"ture, n.

Defn: Something which excites distaste or disgust. [Obs.] Speed.

DISTEMPER
Dis*tem"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distempered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Distempering.] Etym: [OF. destemprer, destremper, to distemper, F.
détremper to soak, soften, slake (lime); pref. des- (L. dis-) + OF.
temprer, tremper, F. tremper, L. temperare to mingle in due
proportion. See Temper, and cf. Destemprer.]

1. To temper or mix unduly; to make disproportionate; to change the
due proportions of. [Obs.]
When . . . the humors in his body ben distempered. Chaucer.

2. To derange the functions of, whether bodily, mental, or spiritual;
to disorder; to disease. Shak.
The imagination, when completely distempered, is the most incurable
of all disordered faculties. Buckminster.

3. To deprive of temper or moderation; to disturb; to ruffle; to make
disaffected, ill-humored, or malignant. "Distempered spirits."
Coleridge.

4. To intoxicate. [R.]
The courtiers reeling, And the duke himself, I dare not say
distempered, But kind, and in his tottering chair carousing.
Massinger.

5. (Paint.)

Defn: To mix (colors) in the way of distemper; as, to distemper
colors with size. [R.]

DISTEMPER
Dis*tem"per, n. Etym: [See Distemper, v. t., and cf. Destemprer.]

1. An undue or unnatural temper, or disproportionate mixture of
parts. Bacon.

Note: This meaning and most of the following are to be referred to
the Galenical doctrine of the four "humors" in man. See Humor.
According to the old physicians, these humors, when unduly tempered,
produce a disordered state of body and mind.

2. Severity of climate; extreme weather, whether hot or cold. [Obs.]
Those countries . . . under the tropic, were of a distemper
uninhabitable. Sir W. Raleigh.

3. A morbid state of the animal system; indisposition; malady;
disorder; -- at present chiefly applied to diseases of brutes; as, a
distemper in dogs; the horse distemper; the horn distemper in cattle.
They heighten distempers to diseases. Suckling.

4. Morbid temper of the mind; undue predominance of a passion or
appetite; mental derangement; bad temper; ill humor. [Obs.]
Little faults proceeding on distemper. Shak.
Some frenzy distemper had got into his head. Bunyan.

5. Political disorder; tumult. Waller.

6. (Paint.)
(a) A preparation of opaque or body colors, in which the pigments are
tempered or diluted with weak glue or size (cf. Tempera) instead of
oil, usually for scene painting, or for walls and ceilings of rooms.
(b) A painting done with this preparation.

Syn.
 -- Disease; disorder; sickness; illness; malady; indisposition;
ailment. See Disease.

DISTEMPERANCE
Dis*tem"per*ance, n.

Defn: Distemperature. [Obs.]

DISTEMPERATE
Dis*tem"per*ate, a. Etym: [LL. distemperatus, p. p.]

1. Immoderate. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Diseased; disordered. [Obs.] Wodroephe.

DISTEMPERATELY
Dis*tem"per*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: Unduly. [Obs.]

DISTEMPERATURE
Dis*tem"per*a*ture, n.

1. Bad temperature; intemperateness; excess of heat or cold, or of
other qualities; as, the distemperature of the air. [Obs.]

2. Disorder; confusion. Shak.

3. Disorder of body; slight illness; distemper.
A huge infectious troop Of pale distemperatures and foes to life.
Shak.

4. Perturbation of mind; mental uneasiness.
Sprinkled a little patience on the heat of his distemperature. Sir W.
Scott.

DISTEMPERMENT
Dis*tem"per*ment, n.

Defn: Distempered state; distemperature. [Obs.] Feltham.

DISTEND
Dis*tend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Distending.] Etym: [L. distendere, distentum, distensum; dis- +
tendere to stretch, stretch out: cf. F. distendre to distend,
détendre to unbend. See Tend, and cf. Detent.]

1. To extend in some one direction; to lengthen out; to stretch. [R.]
But say, what mean those colored streaks in heaven Distended as the
brow of God appeased Milton.

2. To stretch out or extend in all directions; to dilate; to enlarge,
as by elasticity of parts; to inflate so as to produce tension; to
cause to swell; as, to distend a bladder, the stomach, etc.
The warmth distends the chinks. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To dilate; expand; enlarge; swell; inflate.

DISTEND
Dis*tend", v. i.

Defn: To become expanded or inflated; to swell. "His heart distends
with pride." Milton.

DISTENSIBILITY
Dis*ten`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or capacity of being distensible. [R.]

DISTENSIBLE
Dis*ten"si*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being distended or dilated.

DISTENSION
Dis*ten"sion, n.

Defn: Same as Distention.

DISTENSIVE
Dis*ten"sive, a.

Defn: Distending, or capable of being distended.

DISTENT
Dis*tent", a. Etym: [L. distentus, p. p. See Distend.]

Defn: Distended. [Poetic] Thomson.

DISTENT
Dis*tent", n.

Defn: Breadth. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

DISTENTION
Dis*ten"tion, n. Etym: [L. distentio: cf. F. distension.]

1. The act of distending; the act of stretching in breadth or in all
directions; the state of being Distended; as, the distention of the
lungs.

2. Breadth; extent or space occupied by the thing distended.

DISTER
Dis*ter", v. t. Etym: [L. dis- + terra earth, country; cf. Sp. & Pg.
desterrar.]

Defn: To banish or drive from a country. [Obs.] Howell.

DISTERMINATE
Dis*ter"mi*nate, a. Etym: [L. disterminatus, p. p. of disterminare to
limit. See Terminate.]

Defn: Separated by bounds. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

DISTERMINATION
Dis*ter`mi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. disterminatio.]

Defn: Separation by bounds. [Obs.] Hammond.

DISTHENE
Dis"thene, n. Etym: [Gr. disthène.] (Min.)

Defn: Cyanite or kyanite; -- so called in allusion to its unequal
hardness in two different directions. See Cyanite.

DISTHRONE
Dis*throne", v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- + throne: cf. OF. desthroner, F.
détroner.]

Defn: To dethrone. [Obs.]

DISTHRONIZE
Dis*thron"ize, v. t.

Defn: To dethrone. [Obs.] Spenser.

DISTICH
Dis"tich, n. Etym: [L. distichon, Gr. stigan to ascend: cf. F.
distique. See Stirrup.] (Pros.)

Defn: A couple of verses or poetic lines making complete sense; an
epigram of two verses.

DISTICH; DISTICHOUS
Dis"tich, Dis"tich*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. Distich, n.]

Defn: Disposed in two vertical rows; two-ranked.

DISTICHOUSLY
Dis"tich*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a distichous manner.

DISTIL
Dis*til", v. t. & i.

Defn: See Distill.

DISTILL
Dis*till", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Distilled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Distilling.] Etym: [F. distiller, from L. destillare, destillatum; de
+ stillare to drop, stilla a drop, prob. fr. stiria frozen drop,
icicle; prob. akin to stare, E. stand. Cf. Still, n. & v., Instill.]
[Written also distil.]

1. To drop; to fall in drops; to trickle.
Soft showers distilled, and suns grew warm in vain. Pope.

2. To flow gently, or in a small stream.
The Euphrates distilleth out of the mountains of Armenia. Sir W.
Raleigh.

3. To practice the art of distillation. Shak.

DISTILL
Dis*till", v. t.

1. To let fall or send down in drops.
Or o'er the glebe distill the kindly rain. Pope.
The dew which on the tender grass The evening had distilled. Drayton.

2. To obtain by distillation; to extract by distillation, as spirits,
essential oil, etc.; to rectify; as, to distill brandy from wine; to
distill alcoholic spirits from grain; to distill essential oils from
flowers, etc.; to distill fresh water from sea water. "Distilling
odors on me." Tennyson.

3. To subject to distillation; as, to distill molasses in making rum;
to distill barley, rye, corn, etc.

4. To dissolve or melt. [R.]
Swords by the lightning's subtle force distilled. Addison.

DISTILLABLE
Dis*till"a*ble, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Capable of being distilled; especially, capable of being
distilled without chemical change or decomposition; as, alcohol is
distillable; olive oil is not distillable.

DISTILLATE
Dis*till"ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The product of distillation; as, the distillate from molasses.

DISTILLATION
Dis`til*la"tion, n. Etym: [F. distillation, L. destillatio.]

1. The act of falling in drops, or the act of pouring out in drops.

2. That which falls in drops. [R.] Johnson

3. (Chem.)

Defn: The separation of the volatile parts of a substance from the
more fixed; specifically, the operation of driving off gas or vapor
from volatile liquids or solids, by heat in a retort or still, and
the condensation of the products as far as possible by a cool
receiver, alembic, or condenser; rectification; vaporization;
condensation; as, the distillation of illuminating gas and coal, of
alcohol from sour mash, or of boric acid in steam.

Note: The evaporation of water, its condensation into clouds, and its
precipitation as rain, dew, frost, snow, or hail, is an illustration
of natural distillation.

4. The substance extracted by distilling. Shak. Destructive
distillation (Chem.), the distillation, especially of complex solid
substances, so that the ultimate constituents are separated or
evolved in new compounds, -- usually requiring a high degree of heat;
as, the destructive distillation of soft coal or of wood.
 -- Dry distillation, the distillation of substances by themselves,
or without the addition of water or of other volatile solvent; as,
the dry distillation of citric acid.
 -- Fractional distillation. (Chem.) See under Fractional.

DISTILLATORY
Dis*til"la*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. distillatoire.]

Defn: Belonging to, or used in, distilling; as, distillatory vessels.
 -- n.

Defn: A distillatory apparatus; a still.

DISTILLER
Dis*till"er, n.

1. One who distills; esp., one who extracts alcoholic liquors by
distillation.

2. The condenser of a distilling apparatus.

DISTILLERY
Dis*till"er*y, n.; pl. Distilleries. Etym: [F. distillerie.]

1. The building and works where distilling, esp. of alcoholic
liquors, is carried on.

2. The act of distilling spirits. [R.] Todd.

DISTILLMENT
Dis*till"ment, n.

Defn: Distillation; the substance obtained by distillation. [Obs.]
Shak.

DISTINCT
Dis*tinct", a. Etym: [L. distinctus, p. p. of distinguere: cf. F.
distinct. See Distinguish.]

1. Distinguished; having the difference marked; separated by a
visible sign; marked out; specified. [Obs.]
Wherever thus created -- for no place Is yet distinct by name.
Milton.

2. Marked; variegated. [Obs.]
The which [place] was dight With divers flowers distinct with rare
delight. Spenser.

3. Separate in place; not conjunct; not united by growth or
otherwise; -- with from.
The intention was that the two armies which marched out together
should afterward be distinct. Clarendon.

4. Not identical; different; individual.
To offend, and judge, are distinct offices. Shak.

5. So separated as not to be confounded with any other thing; not
liable to be misunderstood; not confused; well-defined; clear; as, we
have a distinct or indistinct view of a prospect.
Relation more particular and distinct. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Separate; unconnected; disjoined; different; clear; plain;
conspicuous; obvious.

DISTINCT
Dis*tinct", v. t.

Defn: To distinguish. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

DISTINCTION
Dis*tinc"tion, n. Etym: [L. distinctio: cf. F. distinction.]

1. A marking off by visible signs; separation into parts; division.
[Obs.]
The distinction of tragedy into acts was not known. Dryden.

2. The act of distinguishing or denoting the differences between
objects, or the qualities by which one is known from others; exercise
of discernment; discrimination.
To take away therefore that error, which confusion breedeth,
distinction is requisite. Hooker.

3. That which distinguishes one thing from another; distinguishing
quality; sharply defined difference; as, the distinction between real
and apparent good.
The distinction betwixt the animal kingdom and the inferior parts of
matter. Locke.

4. Estimation of difference; regard to differences or distinguishing
circumstance.
Maids, women, wives, without distinction, fall. Dryden.

5. Conspicuous station; eminence; superiority; honorable estimation;
as, a man of distinction.
Your country's own means of distinction and defense. D. Webster.

Syn.
 -- Difference; variation, variety; contrast; diversity; contrariety;
disagreement; discrimination; preference; superiority; rank; note;
eminence.

DISTINCTIVE
Dis*tinc"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. distinctif.]

1. Marking or expressing distinction or difference; distinguishing;
characteristic; peculiar.
The distinctive character and institutions of New England. Bancroft.

2. Having the power to distinguish and discern; discriminating.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

DISTINCTIVELY
Dis*tinc"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: With distinction; plainly.

DISTINCTIVENESS
Dis*tinc"tive*ness, n.

Defn: State of being distinctive.

DISTINCTLY
Dis*tinct"ly, adv.

1. With distinctness; not confusedly; without the blending of one
part or thing another; clearly; plainly; as, to see distinctly.

2. With meaning; significantly. [Obs.]
Thou dost snore distinctly; There's meaning in thy snores. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Separately; clearly; plainly; obviously.

DISTINCTNESS
Dis*tinct"ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being distinct; a separation or difference
that prevents confusion of parts or things.
The soul's . . . distinctness from the body. Cudworth.

2. Nice discrimination; hence, clearness; precision; as, he stated
his arguments with great distinctness.

Syn.
 -- Plainness; clearness; precision; perspicuity.

DISTINCTURE
Dis*tinc"ture, n.

Defn: Distinctness. [R.]

DISTINGUISH
Dis*tin"guish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distinguished; p. pr. & vb. n.
Distinguishing.] Etym: [F. distinguer, L. distinguere, distinctum;
di- = dis- + stinguere to quench, extinguish; prob. orig., to prick,
and so akin to G. stechen, E. stick, and perh. sting. Cf.
Extinguish.]

1. Not set apart from others by visible marks; to make distinctive or
discernible by exhibiting differences; to mark off by some
characteristic.
Not more distinguished by her purple vest, Than by the charming
features of her face. Dryden.
Milton has distinguished the sweetbrier and the eglantine. Nares.

2. To separate by definition of terms or logical division of a
subject with regard to difference; as, to distinguish sounds into
high and low.
Moses distinguished the causes of the flood into those that belong to
the heavens, and those that belong to the earth. T. Burnet.

3. To recognize or discern by marks, signs, or characteristic quality
or qualities; to know and discriminate (anything) from other things
with which it might be confounded; as, to distinguish the sound of a
drum.
We are enabled to distinguish good from evil, as well as truth from
falsehood. Watts.
Nor more can you distinguish of a man, Than of his outward show.
Shak.

4. To constitute a difference; to make to differ.
Who distinguisheth thee 1 Cor. iv. 7. (Douay version).

5. To separate from others by a mark of honor; to make eminent or
known; to confer distinction upon; -- with by or for."To distinguish
themselves by means never tried before." Johnson.

Syn.
 -- To mark; discriminate; differentiate; characterize; discern;
perceive; signalize; honor; glorify.

DISTINGUISH
Dis*tin"guish, v. i.

1. To make distinctions; to perceive the difference; to exercise
discrimination; -- with between; as, a judge distinguishes between
cases apparently similar, but differing in principle.

2. To become distinguished or distinctive; to make one's self or
itself discernible. [R.]
The little embryo . . . first distinguishes into a little knot. Jer.
Taylor.

DISTINGUISHABLE
Dis*tin"guish*a*ble, a.

1. Capable of being distinguished; separable; divisible; discernible;
capable of recognition; as, a tree at a distance is distinguishable
from a shrub.
A simple idea being in itself uncompounded . . . is not
distinguishable into different ideas. Locke.

2. Worthy of note or special regard. Swift.

DISTINGUISHABLENESS
Dis*tin"guish*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being distinguishable.

DISTINGUISHABLY
Dis*tin"guish*a*bly, adv.

Defn: So as to be distinguished.

DISTINGUISHED
Dis*tin"guished, a.

1. Marked; special.
The most distinguished politeness. Mad. D' Arblay.

2. Separated from others by distinct difference; having, or
indicating, superiority; eminent or known; illustrious; -- applied to
persons and deeds.

Syn.
 -- Marked; noted; famous; conspicuous; celebrated; transcendent;
eminent; illustrious; extraordinary; prominent.
 -- Distinguished, Eminent, Conspicuous, Celebrated, Illustrious. A
man is eminent, when he stands high as compared with those around
him; conspicuous, when he is so elevated as to be seen and observed;
distinguished, when he has something which makes him stand apart from
others in the public view; celebrated, when he is widely spoken of
with honor and respect; illustrious, when a splendor is thrown around
him which confers the highest dignity.

DISTINGUISHEDLY
Dis*tin"guish*ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a distinguished manner. [R.] Swift.

DISTINGUISHER
Dis*tin"guish*er, n.

1. One who, or that which, distinguishes or separates one thing from
another by marks of diversity. Sir T. Browne.

2. One who discerns accurately the difference of things; a nice or
judicious observer. Dryden.

DISTINGUISHING
Dis*tin"guish*ing, a.

Defn: Constituting difference, or distinction from everything else;
distinctive; peculiar; characteristic.
The distinguishing doctrines of our holy religion. Locke.
Distinguishing pennant (Naut.), a special pennant by which any
particular vessel in a fleet is recognized and signaled. Simmonds.

DISTINGUISHINGLY
Dis*tin"guish*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With distinction; with some mark of preference. Pope.

DISTINGUISHMENT
Dis*tin"guish*ment, n.

Defn: Observation of difference; distinction. Graunt.

DISTITLE
Dis*ti"tle, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of title or right. [R.] B. Jonson.

DISTOMA
Dis"to*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of parasitic, trematode worms, having two suckers for
attaching themselves to the part they infest. See 1st Fluke,

2.

DISTORT
Dis*tort", a. Etym: [L. distortus, p. p. of distorquere to twist,
distort; dis- + torquere to twist. See Torsion.]

Defn: Distorted; misshapen. [Obs.]
Her face was ugly and her mouth distort. Spenser.

DISTORT
Dis*tort", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distorted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Distorting.]

1. To twist of natural or regular shape; to twist aside physically;
as, to distort the limbs, or the body.
Whose face was distorted with pain. Thackeray.

2. To force or put out of the true posture or direction; to twist
aside mentally or morally.
Wrath and malice, envy and revenge, do darken and distort the
understandings of men. Tillotson.

3. To wrest from the true meaning; to pervert; as, to distort
passages of Scripture, or their meaning.

Syn.
 -- To twist; wrest; deform; pervert.

DISTORTER
Dis*tort"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, distorts.

DISTORTION
Dis*tor"tion, n. Etym: [L. distortio: cf. F. distortion.]

1. The act of distorting, or twisting out of natural or regular
shape; a twisting or writhing motion; as, the distortions of the face
or body.

2. A wresting from the true meaning. Bp. Wren.

3. The state of being distorted, or twisted out of shape or out of
true position; crookedness; perversion.

4. (Med.)

Defn: An unnatural deviation of shape or position of any part of the
body producing visible deformity.

DISTORTIVE
Dis*tort"ive, a.

Defn: Causing distortion.

DISTRACT
Dis*tract", a. Etym: [L. distractus, p. p. of distrahere to draw
asunder; dis- + trahere to draw. See Trace, and cf. Distraught.]

1. Separated; drawn asunder. [Obs.]

2. Insane; mad. [Obs.] Drayton.

DISTRACT
Dis*tract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distracted, old p. p. Distraught; p.
pr. & vb. n. Distracting.]

1. To draw apart or away; to divide; to disjoin.
A city . . . distracted from itself. Fuller.

2. To draw (the sight, mind, or attention) in different directions;
to perplex; to confuse; as, to distract the eye; to distract the
attention.
Mixed metaphors . . . distract the imagination. Goldsmith.

3. To agitate by conflicting passions, or by a variety of motives or
of cares; to confound; to harass.
Horror and doubt distract His troubled thoughts. Milton.

4. To unsettle the reason of; to render insane; to craze; to madden;
-- most frequently used in the participle, distracted.
A poor mad soul; . . . poverty hath distracted her. Shak.

DISTRACTED
Dis*tract"ed, a.

Defn: Mentally disordered; unsettled; mad.
My distracted mind. Pope.

DISTRACTEDLY
Dis*tract"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Disjointedly; madly. Shak.

DISTRACTEDNESS
Dis*tract"ed*ness, n.

Defn: A state of being distracted; distraction. Bp. Hall.

DISTRACTER
Dis*tract"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, distracts away.

DISTRACTFUL
Dis*tract"ful, a.

Defn: Distracting. [R.] Heywood.

DISTRACTIBLE
Dis*tract"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being drawn aside or distracted.

DISTRACTILE
Dis*tract"ile, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Tending or serving to draw apart.

DISTRACTING
Dis*tract"ing, a.

Defn: Tending or serving to distract.

DISTRACTION
Dis*trac"tion, n. Etym: [L. distractio: cf. F. distraction.]

1. The act of distracting; a drawing apart; separation.
To create distractions among us. Bp. Burnet.

2. That which diverts attention; a diversion. "Domestic
distractions." G. Eliot.

3. A diversity of direction; detachment. [Obs.]
His power went out in such distractions as Beguiled all species.
Shak.

4. State in which the attention is called in different ways;
confusion; perplexity.
That ye may attend upon the Lord without distraction. 1 Cor. vii. 3

5. Confusion of affairs; tumult; disorder; as, political
distractions.
Never was known a night of such distraction. Dryden.

6. Agitation from violent emotions; perturbation of mind; despair.
The distraction of the children, who saw both their parents together,
would have melted the hardest heart. Tatler.

7. Derangement of the mind; madness. Atterbury.

Syn.
 -- Perplexity; confusion; disturbance; disorder; dissension; tumult;
derangement; madness; raving; franticness; furiousness.

DISTRACTIOUS
Dis*trac"tious, a.

Defn: Distractive. [Obs.]

DISTRACTIVE
Dis*trac"tive, a.

Defn: Causing perplexity; distracting. "Distractive thoughts." Bp.
Hall.

DISTRAIN
Dis*train", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distrained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Distraining.] Etym: [OE. destreinen to force, OF. destreindre to
press, oppress, force, fr. L. distringere, districtum, to draw
asunder, hinder, molest, LL., to punish severely; di- = stringere to
draw tight, press together. See Strain, and cf. Distress, District,
Distraint.]

1. To press heavily upon; to bear down upon with violence; hence, to
constrain or compel; to bind; to distress, torment, or afflict.
[Obs.] "Distrained with chains." Chaucer.

2. To rend; to tear. [Obs.]
Neither guile nor force might it [a net] distrain. Spenser.

3. (Law)
(a) To seize, as a pledge or indemnification; to take possession of
as security for nonpayment of rent, the reparation of an injury done,
etc.; to take by distress; as, to distrain goods for rent, or of an
amercement.
(b) To subject to distress; to coerce; as, to distrain a person by
his goods and chattels.

DISTRAIN
Dis*train", v. i.

Defn: To levy a distress.
Upon whom I can distrain for debt. Camden.

DISTRAINABLE
Dis*train"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being, or liable to be, distrained. Blackstone.

DISTRAINER
Dis*train"er, n.

Defn: Same as Distrainor.

DISTRAINOR
Dis*train"or, n. (Law)

Defn: One who distrains; the party distraining goods or chattels.
Blackstone.

DISTRAINT
Dis*traint", n. Etym: [OF. destrainte distress, force.] (Law)

Defn: The act or proceeding of seizing personal property by distress.
Abbott.

DISTRAIT
Dis`trait", a. Etym: [F. See Distract.]

Defn: Absent-minded; lost in thought; abstracted.

DISTRAUGHT
Dis*traught", p. p. & a. Etym: [OE. distract, distrauht. See
Distract, a.]

1. Torn asunder; separated. [Obs.] "His greedy throat . . .
distraught." Spenser.

2. Distracted; perplexed. "Distraught twixt fear and pity." Spenser.
As if thou wert distraught and mad with terror. Shak.
To doubt betwixt our senses and our souls Which are the most
distraught and full of pain. Mrs. Browning.

DISTRAUGHTED
Dis*traught"ed, a.

Defn: Distracted. [Obs.] Spenser.

DISTREAM
Dis*tream", v. i. Etym: [Pref. dis- (intens.) + stream.]

Defn: To flow. [Poetic]
Yet o'er that virtuous blush distreams a tear. Shenstone.

DISTRESS
Dis*tress", n. Etym: [OE. destresse, distresse, OF. destresse,
destrece, F. détresse, OF. destrecier to distress, (assumed) LL.
districtiare, fr. L. districtus, p. p. of distringere. See Distrain,
and cf. Stress.]

1. Extreme pain or suffering; anguish of body or mind; as, to suffer
distress from the gout, or from the loss of friends.
Not fearing death nor shrinking for distress. Shak.

2. That which occasions suffering; painful situation; misfortune;
affliction; misery.
Affliction's sons are brothers in distress. Burns.

3. A state of danger or necessity; as, a ship in distress, from
leaking, loss of spars, want of provisions or water, etc.

4. (Law)
(a) The act of distraining; the taking of a personal chattel out of
the possession of a wrongdoer, by way of pledge for redress of an
injury, or for the performance of a duty, as for nonpayment of rent
or taxes, or for injury done by cattle, etc.
(b) The thing taken by distraining; that which is seized to procure
satisfaction. Bouvier. Kent. Burrill.
If he were not paid, he would straight go and take a distress of
goods and cattle. Spenser.
The distress thus taken must be proportioned to the thing distrained
for. Blackstone.
Abuse of distress. (Law) See under Abuse.

Syn.
 -- Affliction; suffering; pain; agony; misery; torment; anguish;
grief; sorrow; calamity; misfortune; trouble; adversity. See
Affliction.

DISTRESS
Dis*tress", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distressed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Distressing.] Etym: [Cf. OF. destrecier. See Distress, n.]

1. To cause pain or anguish to; to pain; to oppress with calamity; to
afflict; to harass; to make miserable.
We are troubled on every side, yet not distressed. 2 Cor. iv. 8.

2. To compel by pain or suffering.
Men who can neither be distressed nor won into a sacrifice of duty.
A. Hamilton.

3. (Law)

Defn: To seize for debt; to distrain.

Syn.
 -- To pain; grieve; harass; trouble; perplex; afflict; worry; annoy.

DISTRESSEDNESS
Dis*tress"ed*ness, n.

Defn: A state of being distressed or greatly pained.

DISTRESSFUL
Dis*tress"ful, a.

Defn: Full of distress; causing, indicating, or attended with,
distress; as, a distressful situation. "Some distressful stroke."
Shak. "Distressful cries." Pope.
 -- Dis*tress"ful*ly, adv.

DISTRESSING
Dis*tress"ing, a.

Defn: Causing distress; painful; unpleasant.

DISTRESSING
Dis*tress"ing, adv.

Defn: In a distressing manner.

DISTRIBUTABLE
Dis*trib"u*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being distributed. Sir W. Jones.

DISTRIBUTARY
Dis*trib"u*ta*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to distribute or be distributed; that distributes;
distributive.

DISTRIBUTE
Dis*trib"ute, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distributed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Distributing.] Etym: [L. distributus, p. p. of distribuere to divide,
distribute; dis- + tribuere to assign, give, allot. See Tribute.]

1. To divide among several or many; to deal out; to apportion; to
allot.
She did distribute her goods to all them that were nearest of
kindred. Judith xvi. 24.

2. To dispense; to administer; as, to distribute justice. Shak.

3. To divide or separate, as into classes, orders, kinds, or species;
to classify; to assort, as specimens, letters, etc.

4. (Printing)
(a) To separate (type which has been used) and return it to the
proper boxes in the cases.
(b) To spread (ink) evenly, as upon a roller or a table.

5. (Logic)

Defn: To employ (a term) in its whole extent; to take as universal in
one premise.
A term is said to be distributed when it is taken universal, so as to
stand for everything it is capable of being applied to. Whately.

Syn.
 -- To dispense; deal out; apportion; allot; share; assign; divide.

DISTRIBUTE
Dis*trib"ute, v. i.

Defn: To make distribution.
Distributing to the necessity of saints. Rom. xii. 13.

DISTRIBUTER
Dis*trib"u*ter, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, distributes or deals out anything; a
dispenser. Addison.

DISTRIBUTING
Dis*trib"u*ting, a.

Defn: That distributes; dealing out. Distributing past office, an
office where the mails for a large district are collected to be
assorted according to their destination and forwarded.

DISTRIBUTION
Dis`tri*bu"tion, n. Etym: [L. distributio: cf. F. distribution.]

1. The act of distributing or dispensing; the act of dividing or
apportioning among several or many; apportionment; as, the
distribution of an estate among heirs or children.
The phenomena of geological distribution are exactly analogous to
those of geography. A. R. Wallace.

2. Separation into parts or classes; arrangement of anything into
parts; disposition; classification.

3. That which is distributed. "Our charitable distributions."
Atterbury.

4. (Logic)

Defn: A resolving a whole into its parts.

5. (Print.)

Defn: The sorting of types and placing them in their proper boxes in
the cases.

6. (Steam Engine)

Defn: The steps or operations by which steam is supplied to and
withdrawn from the cylinder at each stroke of the piston; viz.,
admission, suppression or cutting off, release or exhaust, and
compression of exhaust steam prior to the next admission.
Geographical distribution, the natural arrangements of animals and
plants in particular regions or districts.

Syn.
 -- Apportionments; allotment; dispensation; disposal; dispersion;
classification; arrangement.

DISTRIBUTIONAL
Dis`tri*bu"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to distribution. Huxley.

DISTRIBUTIONIST
Dis`tri*bu"tion*ist, n.

Defn: A distributer. [R.] Dickens.

DISTRIBUTIVE
Dis*trib"u*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. distributif.]

1. Tending to distribute; serving to divide and assign in portions;
dealing to each his proper share. "Distributive justice." Swift.

2. (Logic)

Defn: Assigning the species of a general term.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: Expressing separation; denoting a taking singly, not
collectively; as, a distributive adjective or pronoun, such as each,
either, every; a distributive numeral, as (Latin) bini (two by two).
Distributive operation (Math.), any operation which either consists
of two or more parts, or works upon two or more things, and which is
such that the result of the total operation is the same as the
aggregated result of the two or more partial operations. Ordinary
multiplication is distributive, since a × (b + c) = ab + ac, and (a +
b) × c = ac + bc.
 -- Distributive proportion. (Math.) See Fellowship.

DISTRIBUTIVE
Dis*trib"u*tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: A distributive adjective or pronoun; also, a distributive
numeral.

DISTRIBUTIVELY
Dis*trib"u*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By distribution; singly; not collectively; in a distributive
manner.

DISTRIBUTIVENESS
Dis*trib"u*tive*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being distributive.

DISTRIBUTOR
Dis*trib"u*tor, n. [L.] One that distributes; a distributer; specif.:
 (a) A machine for distributing type.
 (b) An appliance, as a roller, in a printing press, for distributing
ink.
 (c) An apparatus for distributing an electric current, either to
various points in rotation, as in some motors, or along two or more
lines in parallel, as in a distributing system.

DISTRICT
Dis"trict, a. Etym: [L. districtus, p. p.]

Defn: Rigorous; stringent; harsh. [Obs.]
Punishing with the rod of district severity. Foxe.

DISTRICT
Dis"trict, n. Etym: [LL. districtus district, fr. L. districtus, p.
p. of distringere: cf. F. district. See Distrain.]

1. (Feudal Law)

Defn: The territory within which the lord has the power of coercing
and punishing.

2. A division of territory; a defined portion of a state, town, or
city, etc., made for administrative, electoral, or other purposes;
as, a congressional district, judicial district, land district,
school district, etc.
To exercise exclusive legislation . . . over such district not
exceeding ten miles square. The Constitution of the United States.

3. Any portion of territory of undefined extent; a region; a country;
a tract.
These districts which between the tropics lie. Blackstone.
Congressional district. See under Congressional.
 -- District attorney, the prosecuting officer of a district or
district court.
 -- District court, a subordinate municipal, state, or United States
tribunal, having jurisdiction in certain cases within a judicial
district.
 -- District judge, one who presides over a district court.
 -- District school, a public school for the children within a school
district. [U.S.]

Syn.
 -- Division; circuit; quarter; province; tract; region; country.

DISTRICT
Dis"trict, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Districted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Districting.]

Defn: To divide into districts or limited portions of territory; as,
legislatures district States for the choice of representatives.

DISTRICTION
Dis*tric"tion, n. Etym: [L. districtio a stretching out.]

Defn: Sudden display; flash; glitter. [R.]
A smile . . . breaks out with the brightest distriction. Collier.

DISTRICTLY
Dis"trict*ly, adv.

Defn: Strictly. [Obs.] Foxe.

DISTRINGAS
Dis*trin"gas, n. Etym: [L., that you distrain, fr. distringere. See
Distrain.] (Law)

Defn: A writ commanding the sheriff to distrain a person by his goods
or chattels, to compel a compliance with something required of him.

DISTROUBLE
Dis*trou"ble, v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- (intens.) + trouble.]

Defn: To trouble. [Obs.] Spenser.

DISTRUST
Dis*trust", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distrusted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Distrusting.] Etym: [Cf. Mistrust.]

Defn: To feel absence of trust in; not to confide in or rely upon; to
deem of questionable sufficiency or reality; to doubt; to be
suspicious of; to mistrust.
Not distrusting my health. 2 Mac. ix. 22.
To distrust the justice of your cause. Dryden.
He that requireth the oath doth distrust that other. Udall.
Of all afraid, Distrusting all, a wise, suspicious maid. Collins.

Note: Mistrust has been almost wholly driven out by distrust. T. L.
K. Oliphant.

DISTRUST
Dis*trust", n.

1. Doubt of sufficiency, reality, or sincerity; want of confidence,
faith, or reliance; as, distrust of one's power, authority, will,
purposes, schemes, etc.

2. Suspicion of evil designs.
Alienation and distrust . . . are the growth of false principles. D.
Webster.

3. State of being suspected; loss of trust. Milton.

DISTRUSTER
Dis*trust"er, n.

Defn: One who distrusts.

DISTRUSTFUL
Dis*trust"ful, a.

1. Not confident; diffident; wanting confidence or thrust; modest;
as, distrustful of ourselves, of one's powers.
Distrustful sense with modest caution speaks. Pope.

2. Apt to distrust; suspicious; mistrustful. Boyle.
 -- Dis*trust"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Dis*trust"ful*ness, n.

DISTRUSTING
Dis*trust"ing, a.

Defn: That distrusts; suspicious; lacking confidence in.
 -- Dis*trust"ing*ly, adv.

DISTRUSTLESS
Dis*trust"less, a.

Defn: Free from distrust. Shenstone.

DISTUNE
Dis*tune", v. t.

Defn: To put out of tune. [Obs.]

DISTURB
Dis*turb", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disturbed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disturbing.] Etym: [OE. desturben, destourben, OF. destorber,
desturber, destourber, fr. L. disturbare, disturbatum; dis- + turbare
to disturb, trouble, turba disorder, tumult, crowd. See Turbid.]

1. To throw into disorder or confusion; to derange; to interrupt the
settled state of; to excite from a state of rest.
Preparing to disturb With all-cofounding war the realms above.
Cowper.
The bellow's noise disturbed his quiet rest. Spenser.
The utmost which the discontented colonies could do, was to disturb
authority. Burke.

2. To agitate the mind of; to deprive of tranquillity; to disquiet;
to render uneasy; as, a person is disturbed by receiving an insult,
or his mind is disturbed by envy.

3. To turn from a regular or designed course. [Obs.]
And disturb His inmost counsels from their destined aim. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To disorder; disquiet; agitate; discompose; molest; perplex;
trouble; incommode; ruffle.

DISTURB
Dis*turb", n.

Defn: Disturbance. [Obs.] Milton.

DISTURBANCE
Dis*turb"ance, n. Etym: [OF. destorbance.]

1. An interruption of a state of peace or quiet; derangement of the
regular course of things; disquiet; disorder; as, a disturbance of
religious exercises; a disturbance of the galvanic current.

2. Confusion of the mind; agitation of the feelings; perplexity;
uneasiness.
Any man . . . in a state of disturbance and irritation. Burke.

3. Violent agitation in the body politic; public commotion; tumult.
The disturbance was made to support a general accusation against the
province. Bancroft.

4. (Law)

Defn: The hindering or disquieting of a person in the lawful and
peaceable enjoyment of his right; the interruption of a right; as,
the disturbance of a franchise, of common, of ways, and the like.
Blackstone.

Syn.
 -- Tumult; brawl; commotion; turmoil; uproar; hubbub; disorder;
derangement; confusion; agitation; perturbation; annoyance.

DISTURBATION
Dis`tur*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. disturbatio.]

Defn: Act of disturbing; disturbance. [Obs.] Daniel.

DISTURBER
Dis*turb"er, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. destorbeor.]

1. One who, or that which, disturbs of disquiets; a violator of
peace; a troubler.
A needless disturber of the peace of God's church and an author of
dissension. Hooker.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who interrupts or incommodes another in the peaceable
enjoyment of his right.

DISTURN
Dis*turn", v. t. Etym: [OF. destourner, F. détourner. See Detour.]

Defn: To turn aside. [Obs.] Daniel.

DISTYLE
Dis"tyle, a. Etym: [Gr. distyle.] (Arch.)

Defn: Having two columns in front; -- said of a temple, portico, or
the like. Distyle in antis, having columns between two antæ. See
Anta.

DISULPHATE
Di*sul"phate, n. Etym: [Pref. di- + sulphate.] (Chem.)
(a) A salt of disulphuric or pyrosulphuric acid; a pyrosulphate.
(b) An acid salt of sulphuric acid, having only one equivalent of
base to two of the acid.

DISULPHIDE
Di*sul"phide (; 104), n. Etym: [Pref. di- + sulphide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of sulphur containing two atoms of sulphur in
each molecule; -- formerly called disulphuret. Cf. Bisulphide.

DISULPHURET
Di*sul"phu*ret, n. Etym: [Pref. di- + sulphuret.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Disulphide.

DISULPHURIC
Di`sul*phu"ric, a. Etym: [Pref. di- + sulphuric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Applied to an acid having in each molecule two atoms of sulphur
in the higher state of oxidation. Disulphuric acid, a thick oily
liquid, H2S2O7, called also Nordhausen acid (from Nordhausen in the
Harts, where it was originally manufactured), fuming sulphuric acid,
and especially pyrosulphuric acid. See under Pyrosulphuric.

DISUNIFORM
Dis*u"ni*form, a.

Defn: Not uniform. [Obs.]

DISUNION
Dis*un"ion, n. Etym: [Pref. dis- + union: cf. F. désunion.]

1. The termination of union; separation; disjunction; as, the
disunion of the body and the soul.

2. A breach of concord and its effect; alienation.
Such a disunion between the two houses as might much clouClarendon.

3. The termination or disruption of the union of the States forming
the United States.
I have not accustomed myself to hang over the precipice of disunion.
D. Webster.

DISUNIONIST
Dis*un"ion*ist, n.

Defn: An advocate of disunion, specifically, of disunion of the
United States.

DISUNITE
Dis`u*nite", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disunited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disuniting.]

1. To destroy the union of; to divide; to part; to sever; to disjoin;
to sunder; to separate; as, to disunite particles of matter.

2. To alienate in spirit; to break the concord of.
Go on both in hand, O nations, never be disunited, be the praise . .
. of all posterity! Milton.

DISUNITE
Dis`u*nite", v. i.

Defn: To part; to fall asunder; to become separated.
The joints of the body politic do separate and disunite. South.

DISUNITER
Dis`u*nit"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, disjoins or causes disunion.

DISUNITY
Dis*u"ni*ty, n.

Defn: A state of separation or disunion; want of unity. Dr. H. More.

DISUSAGE
Dis*us"age, n.

Defn: Gradual cessation of use or custom; neglect of use; disuse.
[R.] Hooker.

DISUSE
Dis*use" (; see Dis-), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disused; p. pr. & vb. n.
Disusing.]

1. To cease to use; to discontinue the practice of.

2. To disaccustom; -- with to or from; as, disused to toil. "Disuse
me from . . . pain." Donne.

DISUSE
Dis*use", n.

Defn: Cessation of use, practice, or exercise; inusitation;
desuetude; as, the limbs lose their strength by disuse.
The disuse of the tongue in the only . . . remedy. Addison.
Church discipline then fell into disuse. Southey.

DISUTILIZE
Dis*u"til*ize, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of utility; to render useless. [R.] Mrs. Browning.

DISVALUATION
Dis*val`u*a"tion, n.

Defn: Disesteem; depreciation; disrepute. Bacon.

DISVALUE
Dis*val"ue (; see Dis-), v. t.

Defn: To undervalue; to depreciate. Shak.

DISVALUE
Dis*val"ue, n.

Defn: Disesteem; disregard. B. Jonson.

DISVANTAGEOUS
Dis`van*ta"geous, a. Etym: [Pref. dis- + vantage.]

Defn: Disadvantageous. [Obs.] "Disadvantageous ground." Drayton.

DISVELOP
Dis*vel"op, v. t.

Defn: To develop. [Obs.]

DISVENTURE
Dis*ven"ture, n.

Defn: A disadventure. [Obs.] Shelton.

DISVOUCH
Dis*vouch", v. t.

Defn: To discredit; to contradict. [Obs.] Shak.

DISWARN
Dis*warn", v. t. Etym: [Pref. dis- (intens.) + warn.]

Defn: To dissuade from by previous warning. [Obs.]

DISWITTED
Dis*wit"ted, a.

Defn: Deprived of wits or understanding; distracted. [Obs.] Drayton.

DISWONT
Dis*wont", v. t.

Defn: To deprive of wonted usage; to disaccustom. [R.] Bp. Hall.

DISWORKMANSHIP
Dis*work"man*ship, n.

Defn: Bad workmanship. [Obs.] Heywood.

DISWORSHIP
Dis*wor"ship, v. t.

Defn: To refuse to worship; to treat as unworthy. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

DISWORSHIP
Dis*wor"ship, n.

Defn: A deprivation of honor; a cause of disgrace; a discredit.
[Obs.] Milton.

DISWORTH
Dis*worth", v. t.

Defn: To deprive of worth; to degrade. [Obs.] Feltham.

DISYOKE
Dis*yoke", v. t.

Defn: To unyoke; to free from a yoke; to disjoin. [Poetic] R.
Browning.

DIT
Dit, n. Etym: [Ditty.]

1. A word; a decree. [Obs.]

2. A ditty; a song. [Obs.]

DIT
Dit, v. t. Etym: [AS. dyttan, akin to Icel. ditta.]

Defn: To close up. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

DITATION
Di*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. ditare to enrich, fr. dis, ditis, same as
dives, rich.]

Defn: The act of making rich; enrichment. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

DITCH
Ditch (; 224), n.; pl. Ditches. Etym: [OE. dich, orig. the same word
as dik. See Dike.]

1. A trench made in the earth by digging, particularly a trench for
draining wet land, for guarding or fencing inclosures, or for
preventing an approach to a town or fortress. In the latter sense, it
is called also a moat or a fosse.

2. Any long, narrow receptacle for water on the surface of the earth.

DITCH
Ditch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ditched; p. pr. & vb. n. Ditching.]

1. To dig a ditch or ditches in; to drain by a ditch or ditches; as,
to ditch moist land.

2. To surround with a ditch. Shak.

3. To throw into a ditch; as, the engine was ditched and turned on
its side.

DITCH
Ditch, v. i.

Defn: To dig a ditch or ditches. Swift.

DITCHER
Ditch"er, n.

Defn: One who digs ditches.

DITE
Dite, v. t. Etym: [See Dight.]

Defn: To prepare for action or use; to make ready; to dight. [Obs.]
His hideous club aloft he dites. Spenser.

DITEREBENE
Di*ter"e*bene, n. Etym: [Pref. di- + terebene.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Colophene.

DITHECAL; DITHECOUS
Di*the"cal, Di*the"cous, a. Etym: [Pref. di- + theca.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having two thecæ, cells, or compartments.

DITHEISM
Di"the*ism, n. Etym: [Pref. di- + theism: cf. F. dithéisme.]

Defn: The doctrine of those who maintain the existence of two gods or
of two original principles (as in Manicheism), one good and one evil;
dualism.

DITHEIST
Di"the*ist, n.

Defn: One who holds the doctrine of ditheism; a dualist. Cudworth.

DITHEISTIC; DITHEISTICAL
Di`the*is"tic, Di`the*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to ditheism; dualistic.

DITHIONIC
Di`thi*on"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. di- + -thionic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Containing two equivalents of sulphur; as, dithionic acid.
Dithionic acid (Chem.), an unstable substance, H2S2O6, known only in
its solutions, and in certain well-defined salts.

DITHYRAMB
Dith"y*ramb, n. Etym: [L. dithyrambus, Gr. dithyrambe.]

Defn: A kind of lyric poetry in honor of Bacchus, usually sung by a
band of revelers to a flute accompaniment; hence, in general, a poem
written in a wild irregular strain. Bentley.

DITHYRAMBIC
Dith`y*ram"bic, a. Etym: [L. dithyrambicus, Gr. dithyrambique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a dithyramb; wild and boisterous.
"Dithyrambic sallies." Longfellow.
 -- n.

Defn: A dithyrambic poem; a dithyramb.

DITHYRAMBUS
Dith`y*ram"bus, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Dithyramb.

DITION
Di"tion, n. Etym: [L. ditio, dicio: cf. F. dition.]

Defn: Dominion; rule. [Obs.] Evelyn.

DITIONARY
Di"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Under rule; subject; tributary. [Obs.] Chapman.

DITIONARY
Di"tion*a*ry, n.

Defn: A subject; a tributary. [Obs.] Eden.

DITOKOUS
Di"to*kous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) Having two kinds of young, as certain annelids.
(b) Producing only two eggs for a clutch, as certain birds do.

DITOLYL
Di*tol"yl, n. Etym: [Pref. di- + tolyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline, aromatic hydrocarbon, C14H14, consisting
of two radicals or residues of toluene.

DITONE
Di"tone`, n. Etym: [Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: The Greek major third, which comprehend two major tones (the
modern major third contains one major and one minor whole tone).

DITRICHOTOMOUS
Di`tri*chot"o*mous, a. Etym: [Pref. di- + trichotomous.]

1. Divided into twos or threes.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Dividing into double or treble ramifications; -- said of a leaf
or stem. [R.] Loudon.

DITROCHEAN
Di`tro*che"an, a. (Pros.)

Defn: Containing two trochees.

DITROCHEE
Di*tro"chee, n. Etym: [L. ditrochaeus, Gr. (Pros.)

Defn: A double trochee; a foot made up of two trochees.

DITROITE
Dit"ro*ite, n. Etym: [Named from Ditro in Transylvania.] (Min.)

Defn: An igneous rock composed of orthoclase, elæolite, and sodalite.

DITT
Ditt, n.

Defn: See Dit, n.,

2. [Obs.] Spenser.

DITTANDER
Dit*tan"der, n. Etym: [See Dittany.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of peppergrass (Lepidium latifolium).

DITTANY
Dit"ta*ny, n. Etym: [OE. dytane, detane, dytan, OF. ditain, F.
dictame, L. dictamnum, fr. Gr. Dicte in Crete. Cf. Dittander.] (Bot.)
(a) A plant of the Mint family (Origanum Dictamnus), a native of
Crete.
(b) The Dictamnus Fraxinella. See Dictamnus.
(c) In America, the Cunila Mariana, a fragrant herb of the Mint
family.

DITTIED
Dit"tied, a. Etym: [From Ditty.]

Defn: Set, sung, or composed as a ditty; -- usually in composition.
Who, with his soft pipe, and smooth-dittied song. Milton.

DITTO
Dit"to, n.; pl. Dittos (. Etym: [It., detto, ditto, fr. L. dictum.
See Dictum.]

Defn: The aforesaid thing; the same (as before). Often contracted to
do., or to two "turned commas" ("), or small marks. Used in bills,
books of account, tables of names, etc., to save repetition.
A spacious table in the center, and a variety of smaller dittos in
the corners. Dickens.

DITTO
Dit"to, adv.

Defn: As before, or aforesaid; in the same manner; also.

DITTOLOGY
Dit*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A double reading, or twofold interpretation, as of a Scripture
text. [R.]

DITTY
Dit"ty, n.; pl. Ditties. Etym: [OE. dite, OF. ditié, fr. L. dictatum,
p. p. neut. of dictare to say often, dictate, compose. See Dictate,
v. t.]

1. A saying or utterance; especially, one that is short and
frequently repeated; a theme.
O, too high ditty for my simple rhyme. Spenser.

2. A song; a lay; a little poem intended to be sung. "Religious,
martial, or civil ditties." Milton.ditties sing. Sandys.

DITTY
Dit"ty, v. i.

Defn: To sing; to warble a little tune.
Beasts fain would sing; birds ditty to their notes. Herbert.

DITTY-BAG
Dit"ty-bag`, n.

Defn: A sailor's small bag to hold thread, needles, tape, etc.; --
also called sailor's housewife.

DITTY-BOX
Dit"ty-box`, n.

Defn: A small box to hold a sailor's thread, needless, comb, etc.

DIUREIDE
Di*u"re*ide, n. Etym: [Di- + ureide.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of complex nitrogenous substances regarded as
containing two molecules of urea or their radicals, as uric acid or
allantoin. Cf. Ureide.

DIURESIS
Di`u*re"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Diuretic.] (Med.)

Defn: Free excretion of urine.

DIURETIC
Di`u*ret"ic, a. Etym: [L. diureticus, Gr. diurétique.] (Med.)

Defn: Tending to increase the secretion and discharge of urine.
 -- n.

Defn: A medicine with diuretic properties. Diuretic salt (Med.),
potassium acetate; -- so called because of its diuretic properties.

DIURETICAL
Di`u*ret"ic*al, a.

Defn: Diuretic. [Obs.] Boyle.

DIURETICALNESS
Di`u*ret"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being diuretical; diuretic property.

DIURNA
Di*ur"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. diurnus belonging to the day.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Lepidoptera, including the butterflies; -- so
called because they fly only in the daytime.

DIURNAL
Di*ur"nal, a. Etym: [L. diurnalis, fr. dies day. See Deity, and cf.
Journal.]

1. Relating to the daytime; belonging to the period of daylight,
distinguished from the night; -- opposed to Ant: nocturnal; as,
diurnal heat; diurnal hours.

2. Daily; recurring every day; performed in a day; going through its
changes in a day; constituting the measure of a day; as, a diurnal
fever; a diurnal task; diurnal aberration, or diurnal parallax; the
diurnal revolution of the earth.
Ere twice the horses of the sun shall bring Their fiery torcher his
diurnal ring. Shak.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Opening during the day, and closing at night; -- said of
flowers or leaves.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Active by day; -- applied especially to the eagles and hawks
among raptorial birds, and to butterflies (Diurna) among insects.
Diurnal aberration (Anat.), the aberration of light arising from the
effect of the earth's rotation upon the apparent direction of motion
of light.
 -- Diurnal arc, the arc described by the sun during the daytime or
while above the horizon; hence, the arc described by the moon or a
star from rising to setting.
 -- Diurnal circle, the apparent circle described by a celestial body
in consequence of the earth's rotation.
 -- Diurnal motion of the earth, the motion of the earth upon its
axis which is described in twentyfour hours.
 -- Diurnal motion of a heavenly body, that apparent motion of the
heavenly body which is due to the earth's diurnal motion.
 -- Diurnal parallax. See under Parallax.
 -- Diurnal revolution of a planet, the motion of the planet upon its
own axis which constitutes one complete revolution.

Syn.
 -- See Daily.

DIURNAL
Di*ur"nal, n. Etym: [Cf. F. diurnal a prayerbook. See Diurnal, a.]

1. A daybook; a journal. [Obs.] Tatler.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A small volume containing the daily service for the "little
hours," viz., prime, tierce, sext, nones, vespers, and compline.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A diurnal bird or insect.

DIURNALIST
Di*ur"nal*ist, n.

Defn: A journalist. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

DIURNALLY
Di*ur"nal*ly, adv.

Defn: Daily; every day.

DIURNALNESS
Di*ur"nal*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being diurnal.

DIURNATION
Di`ur*na"tion, n.

1. Continuance during the day. [Obs.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The condition of sleeping or becoming dormant by day, as is the
case of the bats.

DIUTURNAL
Di`u*tur"nal, a. Etym: [L. diuturnus, fr. diu a long time, by day;
akin to dies day.]

Defn: Of long continuance; lasting. [R.] Milton.

DIUTURNITY
Di`u*tur"ni*ty, n. Etym: [L. diuturnitas.]

Defn: Long duration; lastingness. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

DIVA
Di"va (de"va), n.; It. pl. Dive (de"va). [It., prop. fem. of divo
divine, L. divus.]

Defn: A prima donna.

DIVAGATION
Di`va*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. divagari to wander about; di- = dis- +
vagari to stroll about: cf. F. divagation. See Vagary.]

Defn: A wandering about or going astray; digression.
Let us be set down at Queen's Crawley without further divagation.
Thackeray.

DIVALENT
Div"a*lent, a. Etym: [Pref. di- + L. valens, valentis, p. pr. See
Valence.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having two units of combining power; bivalent. Cf. Valence.

DIVAN
Di*van", n. Etym: [Per. diwan a book of many leaves, an account book,
a collection of books, a senate, council: cf. Ar. daiwan, F. divan.]

1. A book; esp., a collection of poems written by one author; as, the
divan of Hafiz. [Persia]

2. In Turkey and other Oriental countries: A council of state; a
royal court. Also used by the poets for a grand deliberative council
or assembly. Pope.

3. A chief officer of state. [India]

4. A saloon or hall where a council is held, in Oriental countries,
the state reception room in places, and in the houses of the richer
citizens. Cushions on the floor or on benches are ranged round the
room.

5. A cushioned seat, or a large, low sofa or couch; especially, one
fixed to its place, and not movable.

6. A coffee and smoking saloon. [Colloq.]

DIVARICATE
Di*var"i*cate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Divaricated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Divaricating.] Etym: [L. divaricatus, p. p. of divaricare to stretch
apart; di- = dis- + varicare to straddle, fr. varicus straddling, fr.
varus stretched outwards.]

1. To part into two branches; to become bifid; to fork.

2. To diverge; to be divaricate. Woodward.

DIVARICATE
Di*var"i*cate, v. t.

Defn: To divide into two branches; to cause to branch apart.

DIVARICATE
Di*var"i*cate, a. Etym: [L. divaricatus, p. p.]

1. Diverging; spreading asunder; widely diverging.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Forking and diverging; widely diverging; as the branches of a
tree, or as lines of sculpture, or color markings on animals, etc.

DIVARICATELY
Di*var"i*cate*ly, adv.

Defn: With divarication.

DIVARICATION
Di*var`i*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. divarication.]

1. A separation into two parts or branches; a forking; a divergence.

2. An ambiguity of meaning; a disagreement of difference in opinion.
Sir T. Browne.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: A divergence of lines of color sculpture, or of fibers at
different angles.

DIVARICATOR
Di*var`i*ca"tor, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the muscles which open the shell of brachiopods; a
cardinal muscle. See Illust. of Brachiopoda.

DIVAST
Di*vast", a.

Defn: Devastated; laid waste. [Obs.]

DIVE
Dive, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dived, colloq. Dove (, a relic of the AS.
strong forms deáf, dofen; p. pr. & vb. n. Diving.] Etym: [OE. diven,
duven, AS. d to sink, v. t., fr. d, v. i.; akin to Icel. d, G.
taufen, E. dip, deep, and perh. to dove, n. Cf. Dip.]

1. To plunge into water head foremost; to thrust the body under, or
deeply into, water or other fluid.
It is not that pearls fetch a high price because men have dived for
them. Whately.

Note: The colloquial form dove is common in the United States as an
imperfect tense form.
All [the walruses] dove down with a tremendous splash. Dr. Hayes.
When closely pressed it [the loon] dove . . . and left the young bird
sitting in the water. J. Burroughs.

2. Fig.: To plunge or to go deeply into any subject, question,
business, etc.; to penetrate; to explore. South.

DIVE
Dive, v. t.

1. To plunge (a person or thing) into water; to dip; to duck. [Obs.]
Hooker.

2. To explore by diving; to plunge into. [R.]
The Curtii bravely dived the gulf of fame. Denham.
He dives the hollow, climbs the steeps. Emerson.

DIVE
Dive, n.

1. A plunge headforemost into water, the act of one who dives,
literally or figuratively.

2. A place of low resort. [Slang]
The music halls and dives in the lower part of the city. J.
Hawthorne.

DIVEDAPPER
Dive"dap`per, n. Etym: [See Dive, Didapper.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A water fowl; the didapper. See Dabchick.

DIVEL
Di*vel", v. t. Etym: [L. divellere; dit- = dis- + vellere to pluck.]

Defn: To rend apart. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

DIVELLENT
Di*vel"lent, a. Etym: [L. divellens, p. pr.]

Defn: Drawing asunder. [R.]

DIVELLICATE
Di*vel"li*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. di- = vellicatus, p. p. of vellicare
to pluck, fr. vellere to pull.]

Defn: To pull in pieces. [Obs. or R.]

DIVER
Div"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, dives.
Divers and fishers for pearls. Woodward.

2. Fig.: One who goes deeply into a subject, study, or business. "A
diver into causes." Sir H. Wotton.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird of certain genera, as Urinator (formerly Colymbus), or
the allied genus Colymbus, or Podiceps, remarkable for their agility
in diving.

Note: The northern diver (Urinator imber) is the loon; the black
diver or velvet scoter (Oidemia fusca) is a sea duck. See Loon, and
Scoter.

DIVERB
Di"verb, n. Etym: [L. diverbium the colloquial part of a comedy,
dialogue; di- = dis- + verbum word.]

Defn: A saying in which two members of the sentence are contrasted;
an antithetical proverb. [Obs.]
Italy, a paradise for horses, a hell for women, as the diverb goes.
Burton.

DIVERBERATE
Di*ver"ber*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. diverberatus, p. p. of diverberare to
strike asunder; di- = dis- + verberare. See Verberate.]

Defn: To strike or sound through. [R.] Davies (Holy Roode).

DIVERBERATION
Di*ver`ber*a"tion, n.

Defn: A sounding through.

DIVERGE
Di*verge", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Diverged; p. pr. & vb. n. Diverging.]
Etym: [L. di- = dis- + vergere to bend, incline. See Verge.]

1. To extend from a common point in different directions; to tend
from one point and recede from each other; to tend to spread apart;
to turn aside or deviate (as from a given direction); -- opposed to
converge; as, rays of light diverge as they proceed from the sun.

2. To differ from a typical form; to vary from a normal condition; to
dissent from a creed or position generally held or taken.

DIVERGEMENT
Di*verge"ment, n.

Defn: Divergence.

DIVERGENCE; DIVERGENCY
Di*ver"gence, Di*ver"gen*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. divergence.]

1. A receding from each other in moving from a common center; the
state of being divergent; as, an angle is made by the divergence of
straight lines.
Rays come to the eye in a state of divergency.

2. Disagreement; difference.
Related with some divergence by other writers. Sir G. C. Lewis.

DIVERGENT
Di*ver"gent, a. Etym: [Cf. F. divergent. See Diverge.]

1. Receding farther and farther from each other, as lines radiating
from one point; deviating gradually from a given direction; --
opposed to convergent.

2. (Optics)

Defn: Causing divergence of rays; as, a divergent lens.

3. Fig.: Disagreeing from something given; differing; as, a divergent
statement. Divergent series. (Math.) See Diverging series, under
Diverging.

DIVERGING
Di*ver"ging, a.

Defn: Tending in different directions from a common center; spreading
apart; divergent. Diverging series (Math.), a series whose terms are
larger as the series is extended; a series the sum of whose terms
does not approach a finite limit when the series is extended
indefinitely; -- opposed to a converging series.

DIVERGINGLY
Di*ver"ging*ly, adv.

Defn: In a diverging manner.

DIVERS
Di"vers, a. Etym: [F. divers, L. diversus turned in different
directions, different, p. p. of divertere. See Divert, and cf.
Diverse.]

1. Different in kind or species; diverse. [Obs.]
Every sect of them hath a divers posture. Bacon.
Thou shalt not sow thy vineyard with divers seeds. Deut. xxii. 9.

2. Several; sundry; various; more than one, but not a great number;
as, divers philosophers. Also used substantively or pronominally.
Divers of Antonio's creditors. Shak.

Note: Divers is now limited to the plural; as, divers ways (not
divers way). Besides plurality it ordinarily implies variety of kind.

DIVERSE
Di"verse, a. Etym: [The same word as divers. See Divers.]

1. Different; unlike; dissimilar; distinct; separate.
The word . . . is used in a sense very diverse from its original
import. J. Edwards.
Our roads are diverse: farewell, love! said she. R. Browning.

2. Capable of various forms; multiform.
Eloquence is a great and diverse thing. B. Jonson.

DIVERSE
Di*verse", adv.

Defn: In different directions; diversely.

DIVERSE
Di*verse", v. i.

Defn: To turn aside. [Obs.]
The redcross knight diverst, but forth rode Britomart. Spenser.

DIVERSELY
Di"verse*ly, adv.

1. In different ways; differently; variously. "Diversely
interpreted." Bacon.
How diversely love doth his pageants play. Spenser.

2. In different directions; to different points.
On life's vast ocean diversely we sail. Pope.

DIVERSENESS
Di*verse"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being diverse.

DIVERSIFIABILITY
Di*ver`si*fi`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or capacity of being diversifiable. Earle.

DIVERSIFIABLE
Di*ver"si*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being diversified or varied. Boyle.

DIVERSIFICATION
Di*ver`si*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [See Diversify.]

1. The act of making various, or of changing form or quality. Boyle.

2. State of diversity or variation; variegation; modification;
change; alternation.
Infinite diversifications of tints may be produced. Adventurer.

DIVERSIFIED
Di*ver"si*fied, a.

Defn: Distinguished by various forms, or by a variety of aspects or
objects; variegated; as, diversified scenery or landscape.

DIVERSIFIER
Di*ver"si*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, diversifies.

DIVERSIFORM
Di*ver"si*form, a. Etym: [L. diversus diverse + -form.]

Defn: Of a different form; of varied forms.

DIVERSIFY
Di*ver"si*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Diversified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Diversifying.] Etym: [F. diversifier, LL. diversificare, fr. L.
diversus diverse + ficare (in comp.), akin to facere to make. See
Diverse.]

Defn: To make diverse or various in form or quality; to give variety
to; to variegate; to distinguish by numerous differences or aspects.
Separated and diversified on from another. Locke.
Its seven colors, that diversify all the face of nature. I. Taylor.

DIVERSILOQUENT
Di`ver*sil"o*quent, a. Etym: [L. diversus diverse + loquens, p. pr.
of loqui to speak.]

Defn: Speaking in different ways. [R.]

DIVERSION
Di*ver"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. diversion. See Divert.]

1. The act of turning aside from any course, occupation, or object;
as, the diversion of a stream from its channel; diversion of the mind
from business.

2. That which diverts; that which turns or draws the mind from care
or study, and thus relaxes and amuses; sport; play; pastime; as, the
diversions of youth. "Public diversions." V. Knox.
Such productions of wit and humor as expose vice and folly, furnish
useful diversion to readers. Addison.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: The act of drawing the attention and force of an enemy from the
point where the principal attack is to be made; the attack, alarm, or
feint which diverts.

Syn.
 -- Amusement; entertainment; pastime; recreation; sport; game; play;
solace; merriment.

DIVERSITY
Di*ver"si*ty, n.; pl. Diversities. Etym: [F. diversité, L.
diversitas, fr. diversus. See Diverse.]

1. A state of difference; dissimilitude; unlikeness.
They will prove opposite; and not resting in a bare diversity, rise
into a contrariety. South.

2. Multiplicity of difference; multiformity; variety. "Diversity of
sounds." Shak. "Diversities of opinion." Secker.

3. Variegation. "Bright diversities of day." Pope.

Syn.
 -- See Variety.

DIVERSIVOLENT
Di`ver*siv"o*lent, a. Etym: [L. diversus diverse + volens, -entis, p.
pr. of velle to wish.]

Defn: Desiring different things. [Obs.] Webster (White Devil).

DIVERSORY
Di*ver"so*ry, a.

Defn: Serving or tending to divert; also, distinguishing. [Obs.]

DIVERSORY
Di*ver"so*ry, n. Etym: [L. diversorium, deversorium, an inn or
lodging.]

Defn: A wayside inn. [Obs. or R.] Chapman.

DIVERT
Di*vert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Diverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Diverting.]
Etym: [F. divertir, fr. L. divertere, diversum, to go different ways,
turn aside; di- = dis- + vertere to turn. See Verse, and cf.
Divorce.]

1. To turn aside; to turn off from any course or intended
application; to deflect; as, to divert a river from its channel; to
divert commerce from its usual course.
That crude apple that diverted Eve. Milton.

2. To turn away from any occupation, business, or study; to cause to
have lively and agreeable sensations; to amuse; to entertain; as,
children are diverted with sports; men are diverted with works of wit
and humor.
We are amused by a tale, diverted by a comedy. C. J. Smith.

Syn.
 -- To please; gratify; amuse; entertain; exhilarate; delight;
recreate. See Amuse.

DIVERT
Di*vert", v. i.

Defn: To turn aside; to digress. [Obs.]
I diverted to see one of the prince's palaces. Evelyn.

DIVERTER
Di*vert"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, diverts, turns off, or pleases.

DIVERTIBLE
Di*vert"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being diverted.

DIVERTICLE
Di*ver"ti*cle, n. Etym: [L. diverticulum, deverticulum, a bypath, fr.
divertere to turn away.]

1. A turning; a byway; a bypath. [Obs.] Hales.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A diverticulum.

DIVERTICULAR
Div`er*tic"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to a diverticulum.

DIVERTICULUM
Div`er*tic"u*lum, n.; pl. Diverticula. Etym: [L. See Diverticle.]
(Anat.)

Defn: A blind tube branching out of a longer one.

DIVERTIMENTO
Di*ver`ti*men"to, n.; pl. -ti. Etym: [It.] (Mus.

Defn: ) A light and pleasing composition.

DIVERTING
Di*vert"ing, a.

Defn: Amusing; entertaining.
 -- Di*vert"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Di*vert"ing*ness, n.

DIVERTISE
Di*vert"ise, v. t. Etym: [F. divertir, p. pr. divertissant.]

Defn: To divert; to entertain. [Obs.] Dryden.

DIVERTISEMENT
Di*vert"ise*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. the next word.]

Defn: Diversion; amusement; recreation. [R.]

DIVERTISSEMENT
Di`ver`tisse`ment", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A short ballet, or other entertainment, between the acts of a
play. Smart.

DIVERTIVE
Di*vert"ive, a. Etym: [From Divert.]

Defn: Tending to divert; diverting; amusing; interesting.
Things of a pleasant and divertive nature. Rogers.

DIVES
Di"ves, n. Etym: [L., rich.]

Defn: The name popularly given to the rich man in our Lord's parable
of the "Rich Man and Lazarus" (Luke xvi. 19-31). Hence, a name for a
rich worldling.

DIVEST
Di*vest", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Divested; p. pr. & vb. n. Divesting.]
Etym: [LL. divestire (di- = dis- + L. vestire to dress), equiv. to L.
devestire. It is the same word as devest, but the latter is rarely
used except as a technical term in law. See Devest, Vest.]

1. To unclothe; to strip, as of clothes, arms, or equipage; --
opposed to invest.

2. Fig.: To strip; to deprive; to dispossess; as, to divest one of
his rights or privileges; to divest one's self of prejudices,
passions, etc.
Wretches divested of every moral feeling. Goldsmith.
The tendency of the language to divest itself of its gutturals.
Earle.

3. (Law)

Defn: See Devest. Mozley & W.

DIVESTIBLE
Di*vest"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being divested.

DIVESTITURE
Di*vest"i*ture, n.

Defn: The act of stripping, or depriving; the state of being
divested; the deprivation, or surrender, of possession of property,
rights, etc.

DIVESTMENT
Di*vest"ment, n.

Defn: The act of divesting. [R.]

DIVESTURE
Di*ves"ture, n.

Defn: Divestiture. [Obs.]

DIVET
Div"et, n.

Defn: See Divot.

DIVIDABLE
Di*vid"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Divide.]

1. Capable of being divided; divisible.

2. Divided; separated; parted. [Obs.] Shak.

DIVIDANT
Di*vid"ant, a.

Defn: Different; distinct. [Obs.] Shak.

DIVIDE
Di*vide", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Divided; p. pr. & vb. n. Dividing.]
Etym: [L. dividere, divisum; di- = dis- + root signifying to part;
cf. Skr. vyadh to pierce; perh. akin to L. vidua widow, and E. widow.
Cf. Device, Devise.]

1. To part asunder (a whole); to sever into two or more parts or
pieces; to sunder; to separate into parts.
Divide the living child in two. 1 Kings iii. 25.

2. To cause to be separate; to keep apart by a partition, or by an
imaginary line or limit; as, a wall divides two houses; a stream
divides the towns.
Let it divide the waters from the waters. Gen. i. 6.

3. To make partition of among a number; to apportion, as profits of
stock among proprietors; to give in shares; to distribute; to mete
out; to share.
True justice unto people to divide. Spenser.
Ye shall divide the land by lot. Num. xxxiii. 54.

4. To disunite in opinion or interest; to make discordant or hostile;
to set at variance.
If a kingdom be divided against itself, that kingdom can not stand.
Mark iii. 24.
Every family became now divided within itself. Prescott.

5. To separate into two parts, in order to ascertain the votes for
and against a measure; as, to divide a legislative house upon a
question.

6. (Math.)

Defn: To subject to arithmetical division.

7. (Logic)

Defn: To separate into species; -- said of a genus or generic term.

8. (Mech.)

Defn: To mark divisions on; to graduate; as, to divide a sextant.

9. (Music)

Defn: To play or sing in a florid style, or with variations. [Obs.]
Spenser.

Syn.
 -- To sever; dissever; sunder; cleave; disjoin; disunite; detach;
disconnect; part; distribute; share.

DIVIDE
Di*vide", v. i.

1. To be separated; to part; to open; to go asunder. Milton.
The Indo-Germanic family divides into three groups. J. Peile.

2. To cause separation; to disunite.
A gulf, a strait, the sea intervening between islands, divide less
than the matted forest. Bancroft.

3. To break friendship; to fall out. Shak.

4. To have a share; to partake. Shak.

5. To vote, as in the British Parliament, by the members separating
themselves into two parties (as on opposite sides of the hall or in
opposite lobbies), that is, the ayes dividing from the noes.
The emperors sat, voted, and divided with their equals. Gibbon.

DIVIDE
Di*vide", n.

Defn: A dividing ridge of land between the tributaries of two
streams; a watershed.

DIVIDED
Di*vid"ed, a.

1. Parted; disunited; distributed.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Cut into distinct parts, by incisions which reach the midrib; -
- said of a leaf.

DIVIDEDLY
Di*vid"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Separately; in a divided manner.

DIVIDEND
Div"i*dend, n. Etym: [L. dividendum thing to be divided, neut. of the
gerundive of dividere: cf. F. dividende.]

1. A sum of money to be divided and distributed; the share of a sum
divided that falls to each individual; a distribute sum, share, or
percentage; -- applied to the profits as appropriated among
shareholders, and to assets as apportioned among creditors; as, the
dividend of a bank, a railway corporation, or a bankrupt estate.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A number or quantity which is to be divided.

DIVIDENT
Div"i*dent, n.

Defn: Dividend; share. [Obs.] Foxe.

DIVIDER
Di*vid"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, divides; that which separates anything
into parts.

2. One who deals out to each his share.
Who made me a judge or a divider over you Luke xii. 14.

3. One who, or that which, causes division.
Hate is of all things the mightiest divider. Milton.
Money, the great divider of the world. Swift.

4. pl.

Defn: An instrument for dividing lines, describing circles, etc.,
compasses. See Compasses.

Note: The word dividers is usually applied to the instrument as made
for the use of draughtsmen, etc.; compasses to the coarser instrument
used by carpenters.

DIVIDING
Di*vid"ing, a.

Defn: That divides; separating; marking divisions; graduating.
Dividing engine, a machine for graduating circles (as for
astronomical instruments) or bars (as for scales); also, for spacing
off and cutting teeth in wheels.
 -- Dividing sinker. (Knitting Mach.). See under Sinker.

DIVIDINGLY
Di*vid"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By division.

DIVI-DIVI
Di"vi-di"vi, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small tree of tropical America (Cæsalpinia coriaria), whose
legumes contain a large proportion of tannic and gallic acid, and are
used by tanners and dyers.

DIVIDUAL
Di*vid"u*al, a. Etym: [See Dividuous.]

Defn: Divided, shared, or participated in, in common with others.
[R.] Milton.

DIVIDUALLY
Di*vid"u*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By dividing. [R.]

DIVIDUOUS
Di*vid"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. dividuus divisible, divided, fr.
dividere.]

Defn: Divided; dividual. [R.]
He so often substantiates distinctions into dividuous,
selfsubsistent. Coleridge.

DIVINATION
Div`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. divinatio, fr. divinare, divinatum, to
foresee, foretell, fr. divinus: cf. F. divination. See Divine.]

1. The act of divining; a foreseeing or foretelling of future events;
the pretended art discovering secret or future by preternatural
means.
There shall not be found among you any one that . . . useth
divination, or an observer of times, or an enchanter. Deut. xviii.
10.

Note: Among the ancient heathen philosophers natural divination was
supposed to be effected by a divine afflatus; artificial divination
by certain rites, omens, or appearances, as the flight of birds,
entrails of animals, etc.

2. An indication of what is future or secret; augury omen;
conjectural presage; prediction.
Birds which do give a happy divination of things to come. Sir T.
North.

DIVINATOR
Div"i*na`tor, n. Etym: [L. See Divination.]

Defn: One who practices or pretends to divination; a diviner. [R.]
Burton.

DIVINATORY
Di*vin"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. divinatoire.]

Defn: Professing, or relating to, divination. "A natural divinatory
instinct." Cowley.

DIVINE
Di*vine", a. Etym: [Compar. Diviner (; superl. Divinest.] Etym: [F.
divin, L. divinus divine, divinely inspired, fr. divus, dius,
belonging to a deity; akin to Gr. deus, God. See Deity.]

1. Of or belonging to God; as, divine perfections; the divine will.
"The immensity of the divine nature." Paley.

2. Proceeding from God; as, divine judgments. "Divine protection."
Bacon.

3. Appropriated to God, or celebrating his praise; religious; pious;
holy; as, divine service; divine songs; divine worship.

4. Pertaining to, or proceeding from, a deity; partaking of the
nature of a god or the gods. "The divine Apollo said." Shak.

5. Godlike; heavenly; excellent in the highest degree; supremely
admirable; apparently above what is human. In this application, the
word admits of comparison; as, the divinest mind. Sir J. Davies. "The
divine Desdemona." Shak.
A divine sentence is in the lips of the king. Prov. xvi. 10.
But not to one in this benighted age Is that diviner inspiration
given. Gray.

6. Presageful; foreboding; prescient. [Obs.]
Yet oft his heart, divine of something ill, Misgave him. Milton.

7. Relating to divinity or theology.
Church history and other divine learning. South.

Syn.
 -- Supernatural; superhuman; godlike; heavenly; celestial; pious;
holy; sacred; preëminent.

DIVINE
Di*vine", n. Etym: [L. divinus a soothsayer, LL., a theologian. See
Divine, a.]

1. One skilled in divinity; a theologian. "Poets were the first
divines." Denham.

2. A minister of the gospel; a priest; a clergyman.
The first divines of New England were surpassed by none in extensive
erudition. J. Woodbridge.

DIVINE
Di*vine", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Divined; p. pr. & vb. n. Divining.]
Etym: [L. divinare: cf. F. deviner. See Divination.]

1. To foresee or foreknow; to detect; to anticipate; to conjecture.
A sagacity which divined the evil designs. Bancroft.

2. To foretell; to predict; to presage.
Darest thou . . . divine his downfall Shak.

3. To render divine; to deify. [Obs.]
Living on earth like angel new divined. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- To foretell; predict; presage; prophesy; prognosticate; forebode;
guess; conjecture; surmise.

DIVINE
Di*vine", v. i.

1. To use or practice divination; to foretell by divination; to utter
prognostications.
The prophets thereof divine for money. Micah iii. 11.

2. To have or feel a presage or foreboding.
Suggest but truth to my divining thoughts. Shak.

3. To conjecture or guess; as, to divine rightly.

DIVINELY
Di*vine"ly, adv.

1. In a divine or godlike manner; holily; admirably or excellently in
a supreme degree.
Most divinely fair. Tennyson.

2. By the agency or influence of God.
Divinely set apart . . . to be a preacher of righteousness. Macaulay.

DIVINEMENT
Di*vine"ment, n.

Defn: Divination. [Obs.]

DIVINENESS
Di*vine"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being divine; superhuman or supreme excellence.
Shak.

DIVINER
Di*vin"er, n.

1. One who professes divination; one who pretends to predict events,
or to reveal occult things, by supernatural means.
The diviners have seen a lie, and have told false dreams; they
comfort in vain. Zech. x. 2.

2. A conjecture; a guesser; one who makes out occult things. Locke.

DIVINERESS
Di*vin"er*ess, n.

Defn: A woman who divines. Dryden.

DIVING
Div"ing, a.

Defn: That dives or is used or diving. Diving beetle (Zoöl.), any
beetle of the family Dytiscidæ, which habitually lives under water; -
- called also water tiger.
 -- Diving bell, a hollow inverted vessel, sometimes bell-shaped, in
which men may descend and work under water, respiration being
sustained by the compressed air at the top, by fresh air pumped in
through a tube from above.
 -- Diving dress. See Submarine armor, under Submarine.
 -- Diving stone, a kind of jasper.

DIVINIFY
Di*vin"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. divinus divine + -fy.]

Defn: To render divine; to deify. [Obs.] "Blessed and divinified
soul." Parth. Sacra (1633).

DIVINING
Di*vin"ing, a.

Defn: That divines; for divining. Divining rod, a rod, commonly of
witch hazel, with forked branches, used by those who pretend to
discover water or metals under ground.

DIVININGLY
Di*vin"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a divining manner.

DIVINISTRE
Div`i*nis"tre, n.

Defn: A diviner. [Obs.] " I am no divinistre." Chaucer.

DIVINITY
Di*vin"i*ty, n.; pl. Divinities. Etym: [F. divinité, L. divinitas.
See Divine, a.]

1. The state of being divine; the nature or essence of God; deity;
godhead.
When he attributes divinity to other things than God, it is only a
divinity by way of participation. Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. The Deity; the Supreme Being; God.
This the divinity that within us. Addison.

3. A pretended deity of pagans; a false god.
Beastly divinities, and droves of gods. Prior.

4. A celestial being, inferior to the supreme God, but superior to
man.
God . . . employing these subservient divinities. Cheyne.

5. Something divine or superhuman; supernatural power or virtue;
something which inspires awe.
They say there is divinity in odd numbers. Shak.
There's such divinity doth hedge a king. Shak.

6. The science of divine things; the science which treats of God, his
laws and moral government, and the way of salvation; theology.
Divinity is essentially the first of the professions. Coleridge.
, casuistry.

DIVINITY CALF
Di*vin"i*ty calf`. (Bookbinding)

Defn: Calf stained dark brown and worked without gilding, often used
for theological books.

DIVINIZATION
Div`i*ni*za"tion, n.

Defn: A making divine. M. Arnold.

DIVINIZE
Div"i*nize, v. t.

Defn: To invest with a divine character; to deify. [R.] M. Arnold.
Man had divinized all those objects of awe. Milman.

DIVISIBILITY
Di*vis`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. divisibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being divisible; the property of bodies by which
their parts are capable of separation.
Divisibility . . . is a primary attribute of matter. Sir W. Hamilton.

DIVISIBLE
Di*vis"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. divisibilis, fr. dividere: cf. F.
divisible. See Divide.]

Defn: Capable of being divided or separated.
Extended substance . . . is divisible into parts. Sir W. Hamilton.
Divisible contract (Law), a contract containing agreements one of
which can be separated from the other.
 -- Divisible offense (Law), an offense containing a lesser offense
in one of a greater grade, so that on the latter there can be an
acquittal, while on the former there can be a conviction.
 -- Di*vis"i*ble*ness, n.
 -- Di*vis"i*bly, adv.

DIVISIBLE
Di*vis"i*ble, n.

Defn: A divisible substance. Glanvill.

DIVISION
Di*vi"sion, n. Etym: [F. division, L. divisio, from dividere. See
Divide.]

1. The act or process of diving anything into parts, or the state of
being so divided; separation.
I was overlooked in the division of the spoil. Gibbon.

2. That which divides or keeps apart; a partition.

3. The portion separated by the divining of a mass or body; a
distinct segment or section.
Communities and divisions of men. Addison.

4. Disunion; difference in opinion or feeling; discord; variance;
alienation.
There was a division among the people. John vii. 43.

5. Difference of condition; state of distinction; distinction;
contrast. Chaucer.
I will put a division between my people and thy people. Ex. viii. 23.

6. Separation of the members of a deliberative body, esp. of the
Houses of Parliament, to ascertain the vote.
The motion passed without a division. Macaulay.

7. (Math.)

Defn: The process of finding how many times one number or quantity is
contained in another; the reverse of multiplication; also, the rule
by which the operation is performed.

8. (Logic)

Defn: The separation of a genus into its constituent species.

9. (Mil.)
(a) Two or more brigades under the command of a general officer.
(b) Two companies of infantry maneuvering as one subdivision of a
battalion.
(c) One of the larger districts into which a country is divided for
administering military affairs.

10. (Naut.)

Defn: One of the groups into which a fleet is divided.

11. (Mus.)

Defn: A course of notes so running into each other as to form one
series or chain, to be sung in one breath to one syllable.

12. (Rhet.)

Defn: The distribution of a discourse into parts; a part so
distinguished.

13. (Biol.)

Defn: A grade or rank in classification; a portion of a tribe or of a
class; or, in some recent authorities, equivalent to a subkingdom.
Cell division (Biol.), a method of cell increase, in which new cells
are formed by the division of the parent cell. In this process, the
cell nucleus undergoes peculiar differentiations and changes, as
shown in the figure (see also Karyokinesis). At the same time the
protoplasm of the cell becomes gradually constricted by a furrow
transverse to the long axis of the nuclear spindle, followed, on the
completion of the division of the nucleus, by a separation of the
cell contents into two masses, called the daughter cells.
 -- Long division (Math.), the process of division when the
operations are mostly written down.
 -- Short division (Math.), the process of division when the
operations are mentally performed and only the results written down;
-- used principally when the divisor is not greater than ten or
twelve.

Syn.
 -- compartment; section; share; allotment; distribution; separation;
partition; disjunction; disconnection; difference; variance; discord;
disunion.

DIVISIONAL
Di*vi"sion*al, a.

Defn: That divides; pas, a divisional line; a divisional general; a
divisional surgeon of police. Divisional planes (Geol.), planes of
separation between rock masses. They include joints.

DIVISIONALLY
Di*vi"sion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to be divisional.

DIVISIONARY
Di*vi"sion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Divisional.

DIVISIONOR
Di*vi"sion*or, n.

Defn: One who divides or makes division. [Obs.] Sheldon.

DIVISIVE
Di*vi"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. divisif.]

1. Indicating division or distribution. Mede.

2. Creating, or tending to create, division, separation, or
difference.
It [culture] is after all a dainty and divisive quality, and can not
reach to the depths of humanity. J. C. Shairp.
-- Di*vi"sive*ly, adv.
 -- Di*vi"sive*ness, n. Carlyle.

DIVISOR
Di*vi"sor, n. Etym: [L., fr. dividere. See Divide.] (Math.)

Defn: The number by which the dividend is divided. Common divisor.
(Math.) See under Common, a.

DIVORCE
Di*vorce", n. Etym: [F. divorce, L. divortium, fr. divortere,
divertere, to turn different ways, to separate. See Divert.]

1. (Law)
(a) A legal dissolution of the marriage contract by a court or other
body having competent authority. This is properly a divorce, and
called, technically, divorce a vinculo matrimonii. "from the bond of
matrimony."
(b) The separation of a married woman from the bed and board of her
husband -- divorce a mensa et toro (or thoro), "from bed board."

2. The decree or writing by which marriage is dissolved.

3. Separation; disunion of things closely united.
To make divorce of their incorporate league. Shak.

4. That which separates. [Obs.] Shak. Bill of divorce. See under
Bill.

DIVORCE
Di*vorce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Divorced; p. pr. & vb. n. Divorcing.]
Etym: [Cf. F. divorcer. See Divorce, n.]

1. To dissolve the marriage contract of, either wholly or partially;
to separate by divorce.

2. To separate or disunite; to sunder.
It [a word] was divorced from its old sense. Earle.

3. To make away; to put away.
Nothing but death Shall e'er divorce my dignities. Shak.

DIVORCEABLE
Di*vorce"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being divorced.

DIVORCEE
Di*vor`cee", n.

Defn: A person divorced.

DIVORCELESS
Di*vorce"less, a.

Defn: Incapable of being divorced or separated; free from divorce.

DIVORCEMENT
Di*vorce"ment, n.

Defn: Dissolution of the marriage tie; divorce; separation.
Let him write her a divorcement. Deut. xxiv. 1.
The divorcement of our written from our spoken language. R. Morris.

DIVORCER
Di*vor"cer, n.

Defn: The person or cause that produces or effects a divorce.
Drummond.

DIVORCIBLE
Di*vor"ci*ble, a.

Defn: Divorceable. Milton.

DIVORCIVE
Di*vor"cive, a.

Defn: Having power to divorce; tending to divorce. "This divorcive
law." Milton.

DIVOT
Div"ot, n.

Defn: A thin, oblong turf used for covering cottages, and also for
fuel. [Scot.] Simmonds.

DIVULGATE
Di*vul"gate, a. Etym: [L. divulgatus, p. p. of divulgare. See
Divulge.]

Defn: Published. [Obs.] Bale.

DIVULGATE
Di*vul"gate, v. t.

Defn: To divulge. [Obs.] Foxe.

DIVULGATER
Div"ul*ga`ter, n.

Defn: A divulger. [R.]

DIVULGATION
Div`ul*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. divulgatio: cf. F. divulgation.]

Defn: The act of divulging or publishing. [R.]
Secrecy hath no use than divulgation. Bp. Hall.

DIVULGE
Di*vulge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Divulged; p. pr. & vb. n. Divulging.]
Etym: [F. divulguer, L. divulgare; di- = dis- + vulgare to spread
among the people, from vulgus the common people. See Vulgar.]

1. To make public; to several or communicate to the public; to tell
(a secret) so that it may become generally known; to disclose; --
said of that which had been confided as a secret, or had been before
unknown; as, to divulge a secret.
Divulge not such a love as mine. Cowper.

2. To indicate publicly; to proclaim. [R.]
God . . . marks The just man, and divulges him through heaven.
Milton.

3. To impart; to communicate.
Which would not be
To them [animals] made common and divulged. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To publish; disclose; discover; uncover; reveal; communicate;
impart; tell.

DIVULGE
Di*vulge", v. i.

Defn: To become publicly known. [R.] "To keep it from divulging."
Shak.

DIVULSIVE
Di*vul"sive, a.

Defn: Tending to pull asunder, tear, or rend; distracting.

DIXIE
Dix"ie, n.

Defn: A colloquial name for the Southern portion of the United
States, esp. during the Civil War. [U.S.]

DIZEN
Diz"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dizened; p. pr. & vb. n. Dizening.] Etym:
[Perh. orig., to dress in a foolish manner, and allied to dizzy: but
cf. also OE. dysyn (Palsgrave) to put tow or flax on a distaff, i.
e., to dress it. Cf. Distaff.]

1. To dress; to attire. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. To dress gaudily; to overdress; to bedizen; to deck out.
Like a tragedy queen, he has dizened her out. Goldsmith.
To-morrow when the masks shall fall That dizen Nature's carnival.
Emerson.

DIZZ
Dizz, v. t. Etym: [See Dizzy.]

Defn: To make dizzy; to astonish; to puzzle. [Obs.] Gayton.

DIZZARD
Diz"zard, n. Etym: [See Dizzy, and cf. Disard.]

Defn: A blockhead. [Obs.] [Written also dizard, and disard.] --
Diz"zard*ly, adv. [Obs.]

DIZZILY
Diz"zi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dizzy manner or state.

DIZZINESS
Diz"zi*ness, n. Etym: [AS. dysigness folly. See Dizzy.]

Defn: Giddiness; a whirling sensation in the head; vertigo.

DIZZY
Diz"zy, a. [Compar. Dizzier; superl. Dizziest.] Etym: [OE. dusi,
disi, desi, foolish, AS. dysig; akin to LG. düsig dizzy, OD. deuzig,
duyzig, OHG. tusig foolish, OFries. dusia to be dizzy; LG. dusel
dizziness, duselig, dusselig, D. duizelig, dizzy, Dan. dösig drowsy,
slepy, döse to make dull, drowsy, dös dullness, drowsiness, and to
AS. dw foolish, G. thor fool. Daze, Doze.]

1. Having in the head a sensation of whirling, with a tendency to
fall; vertiginous; giddy; hence, confused; indistinct.
Alas! his brain was dizzy. Drayton.

2. Causing, or tending to cause, giddiness or vertigo.
To climb from the brink of Fleet Ditch by a dizzy ladder. Macaulay.

3. Without distinct thought; unreflecting; thoughtless; heedless.
"The dizzy multitude." Milton.

DIZZY
Diz"zy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dizzied; p. pr. & vb. n. Dizzying.]

Defn: To make dizzy or giddy; to give the vertigo to; to confuse.
If the jangling of thy bells had not dizzied thy understanding. Sir
W. Scott.

DJEREED; DJERRID
Djer*eed" or Djer*rid" (, n. Etym: [F. djerid, fr. Ar. See Jereed.]
(a) A blunt javelin used in military games in Moslem countries.
(b) A game played with it. [Written also jereed, jerrid, etc.]

DJINNEE
Djin"nee, n.; pl. Jjinn ( or Djinns (.

Defn: See Jinnee, Jinn.

DO.
Do. (, n.

Defn: An abbreviation of Ditto.

DO
Do, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A syllable attached to the first tone of the major diatonic
scale for the purpose of solmization, or solfeggio. It is the first
of the seven syllables used by the Italians as manes of musical
tones, and replaced, for the sake of euphony, the syllable Ut,
applied to the note C. In England and America the same syllables are
used by mane as a scale pattern, while the tones in respect to
absolute pitch are named from the first seven letters of the
alphabet.

DO
Do, v. t. or auxiliary. [imp. Din; p. p. Done; p. pr. & vb. n. Doing.
This verb, when transitive, is formed in the indicative, present
tense, thus: I do, thou doest (dost , he does (doeth (doth (dost. As
an independent verb, dost is obsolete or rare, except in poetry.
"What dost thou in this world" Milton. The form doeth is a verb
unlimited, doth, formerly so used, now being the auxiliary form. The
second pers, sing., imperfect tense, is didst (didest ( Etym: [AS. d;
akin to D. doen, OS. duan, OHG. tuon, G. thun, Lith. deti, OSlav. d,
OIr. dénim I do, Gr. dha, and to E. suffix -dom, and prob. to L.
facere to do, E. fact, and perh. to L. -dere in some compounfds, as
addere to add, credere to trust. Deed, Deem, Doom, Fact, Creed,
Theme.]

1. To place; to put. [Obs.] Tale of a Usurer (about 1330).

2. To cause; to make; -- with an infinitive. [Obs.]
My lord Abbot of Westminster did do shewe to me late certain
evidences. W. Caxton.
I shall . . . your cloister do make. Piers Plowman.
A fatal plague which many did to die. Spenser.
We do you to wit [i. e., We make you to know] of the grace of God
bestowed on the churches of Macedonia. 2 Cor. viii. 1.

Note: We have lost the idiom shown by the citations (do used like the
French faire or laisser), in which the verb in the infinitive
apparently, but not really, has a passive signification, i. e., cause
. . . to be made.

3. To bring about; to produce, as an effect or result; to effect; to
achieve.
The neglecting it may do much danger. Shak.
He waved indifferently' twixt doing them neither good not harm. Shak.

4. To perform, as an action; to execute; to transact to carry out in
action; as, to do a good or a bad act; do our duty; to do what I can.
Six days shalt thou labor and do all thy work. Ex. xx. 9.
We did not do these things. Ld. Lytton.
You can not do wrong without suffering wrong. Emerson.
Hence: To do homage, honor, favor, justice, etc., to render homage,
honor, etc.

5. To bring to an end by action; to perform completely; to finish; to
accomplish; -- a sense conveyed by the construction, which is that of
the past participle done. "Ere summer half be done." "I have done
weeping." Shak.

6. To make ready for an object, purpose, or use, as food by cooking;
to cook completely or sufficiently; as, the meat is done on one side
only.

7. To put or bring into a form, state, or condition, especially in
the phrases, to do death, to put to death; to slay; to do away (often
do away with), to put away; to remove; to do on, to put on; to don;
to do off, to take off, as dress; to doff; to do into, to put into
the form of; to translate or transform into, as a text.
Done to death by slanderous tongues. Shak.
The ground of the difficulty is done away. Paley.
Suspicions regarding his loyalty were entirely done away. Thackeray.
To do on our own harness, that we may not; but we must do on the
armor of God. Latimer.
Then Jason rose and did on him a fair Blue woolen tunic. W. Morris
(Jason).
Though the former legal pollution be now done off, yet there is a
spiritual contagion in idolatry as much to be shunned. Milton.
It ["Pilgrim's Progress"] has been done into verse: it has been done
into modern English. Macaulay.

8. To cheat; to gull; to overreach. [Colloq.]
He was not be done, at his time of life, by frivolous offers of a
compromise that might have secured him seventy-five per cent. De
Quincey.

9. To see or inspect; to explore; as, to do all the points of
interest. [Colloq.]

10. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: To cash or to advance money for, as a bill or note.

Note: (a) Do and did are much employed as auxiliaries, the verb to
which they are joined being an infinitive. As an auxiliary the verb
do has no participle. "I do set my bow in the cloud." Gen. ix. 13.
[Now archaic or rare except for emphatic assertion.]
Rarely . . . did the wrongs of individuals to the knowledge of the
public. Macaulay.
(b) They are often used in emphatic construction. "You don't say so,
Mr. Jobson.
 -- but I do say so." Sir W. Scott. "I did love him, but scorn him
now." Latham. (c) In negative and interrogative constructions, do and
did are in common use. I do not wish to see them; what do you think
Did Cæsar cross the Tiber He did not. "Do you love me" Shak. (d) Do,
as an auxiliary, is supposed to have been first used before
imperatives. It expresses entreaty or earnest request; as, do help
me. In the imperative mood, but not in the indicative, it may be used
with the verb to be; as, do be quiet. Do, did, and done often stand
as a general substitute or representative verb, and thus save the
repetition of the principal verb. "To live and die is all we have to
do." Denham. In the case of do and did as auxiliaries, the sense may
be completed by the infinitive (without to) of the verb represented.
"When beauty lived and died as flowers do now." Shak. "I . . . chose
my wife as she did her wedding gown." Goldsmith.
My brightest hopes giving dark fears a being. As the light does the
shadow. Longfellow.
In unemphatic affirmative sentences do is, for the most part, archaic
or poetical; as, "This just reproach their virtue does excite."
Dryden. To do one's best, To do one's diligence (and the like), to
exert one's self; to put forth one's best or most or most diligent
efforts. "We will . . . do our best to gain their assent." Jowett
(Thucyd.).
 -- To do one's business, to ruin one. [Colloq.] Wycherley.
 -- To do one shame, to cause one shame. [Obs.] -- To do over. (a) To
make over; to perform a second time. (b) To cover; to spread; to
smear. "Boats . . . sewed together and done over with a kind of slimy
stuff like rosin." De Foe.
 -- To do to death, to put to death. (See 7.) [Obs.] -- To do up. (a)
To put up; to raise. [Obs.] Chaucer. (b) To pack together and
envelop; to pack up. (c) To accomplish thoroughly. [Colloq.] (d) To
starch and iron. "A rich gown of velvet, and a ruff done up with the
famous yellow starch." Hawthorne.
 -- To do way, to put away; to lay aside. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- To do with, to dispose of; to make use of; to employ; -- usually
preceded by what. "Men are many times brought to that extremity, that
were it not for God they would not know what to do with themselves."
Tillotson.
 -- To have to do with, to have concern, business or intercourse
with; to deal with. When preceded by what, the notion is usually
implied that the affair does not concern the person denoted by the
subject of have. "Philology has to do with language in its fullest
sense." Earle. "What have I to do with you, ye sons of Zeruiah 2 Sam.
xvi. 10.

DO
Do, v. i.

1. To act or behave in any manner; to conduct one's self.
They fear not the Lord, neither do they after . . . the law and
commandment. 2 Kings xvii. 34.

2. To fare; to be, as regards health; as, they asked him how he did;
how do you do to-day

3. Etym: [Perh. a different word. OE. dugen, dowen, to avail, be of
use, AS. dugan. See Doughty.]

Defn: To succeed; to avail; to answer the purpose; to serve; as, if
no better plan can be found, he will make this do.
You would do well to prefer a bill against all kings and parliaments
since the Conquest; and if that won't do; challenge the crown.
Collier.
To do by. See under By.
 -- To do for. (a) To answer for; to serve as; to suit. (b) To put an
end to; to ruin; to baffle completely; as, a goblet is done for when
it is broken. [Colloq.]
Some folks are happy and easy in mind when their victim is stabbed
and done for. Thackeray.
-- To do withal, to help or prevent it. [Obs.] "I could not do
withal." Shak.
 -- To do without, to get along without; to dispense with.
 -- To have done, to have made an end or conclusion; to have
finished; to be quit; to desist.
 -- To have done with, to have completed; to be through with; to have
no further concern with.
 -- Well to do, in easy circumstances.

DO
Do, n.

1. Deed; act; fear. [Obs.] Sir W. Scott.

2. Ado; bustle; stir; to do. [R.]
A great deal of do, and a great deal of trouble. Selden.

3. A cheat; a swindle. [Slang, Eng.]

DOAB
Do"ab, Etym: [Pers. & Hind. doab, prop., two waters.]

Defn: A tongue or tract of land included between two rivers; as, the
doab between the Ganges and the Jumna. [India] Am. Cyc.

DOABLE
Do"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being done. Carlyle.

DO-ALL
Do"-all`, n.

Defn: General manager; factotum.
Under him, Dunstan was the do-all at court, being the king's
treasurer, councilor, chancellor, confessor, all things. Fuller.

DOAND
Do"and, p. pr.

Defn: Doing. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

DOAT
Doat, v. i.

Defn: See Dote.

DOBBER
Dob"ber, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Dabchick.

2. A float to a fishing line. [Local, U. S.]

DOBBIN
Dob"bin, n.

1. An old jaded horse. Shak.

2. Sea gravel mixed with sand. [Prov. Eng.]

DOBBY
Dob"by, n. (Weaving)

Defn: An apparatus resembling a Jacquard for weaving small figures
(usually about 12 - 16 threads, seldom more than 36 - 40 threads).

DOBCHICK
Dob"chick`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Dabchick.

DOBELL'S SOLUTION
Do*bell's" so*lu"tion. (Med.)

Defn: An aqueous solution of carbolic acid, borax, sodium
bicarbonate, and glycerin, used as a spray in diseases of the nose
and throat.

DOBSON
Dob"son, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The aquatic larva of a large neuropterous insect (Corydalus
cornutus), used as bait in angling. See Hellgamite.

DOBULE
Dob"ule, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European dace.

DOCENT
Do"cent, a. Etym: [L. docens, -entis, p. pr. of docere to teach.]

Defn: Serving to instruct; teaching. [Obs.]

DOCETAE
Do*ce"tæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: Ancient heretics who held that Christ's body was merely a
phantom or appearance.

DOCETIC
Do*cet"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, held by, or like, the Docetæ. "Docetic
Gnosticism." Plumptre.

DOCETISM
Doc"e*tism, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The doctrine of the Docetæ.

DOCHMIAC
Doch"mi*ac, a. (Pros.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, the dochmius.

DOCHMIUS
Doch"mi*us, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Pros.)

Defn: A foot of five syllables (usually

DOCIBILITY; DOCIBLENESS
Doc`i*bil"i*ty, Doc"i*ble*ness, n. Etym: [L. docibilitas.]

Defn: Aptness for being taught; teachableness; docility.
To persons of docibility, the real character may be easily taught in
a few days. Boyle.
The docibleness of dogs in general. Walton.

DOCIBLE
Doc"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. docibilis, fr. docere to teach.]

Defn: Easily taught or managed; teachable. Milton.

DOCILE
Doc"ile, a. Etym: [L. docilis,fr. docere to teach; cf. Gr. discere to
learn, Gr. docile. Cf. Doctor, Didactic, Disciple.]

1. Teachable; easy to teach; docible. [Obs.]

2. Disposed to be taught; tractable; easily managed; as, a docile
child.
The elephant is at once docible and docile. C. J. Smith.

DOCILITY
Do*cil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. docilitas, fr. docilis: cf. F. docilité.]

1. teachableness; aptness for being taught; docibleness. [Obs. or R.]

2. Willingness to be taught; tractableness.
The humble docility of little children is, in the New Testament,
represented as a necessary preparative to the reception of the
Christian faith. Beattie.

DOCIMACY
Doc"i*ma*cy, n. Etym: [Gr. docimasie.]

Defn: The art or practice of applying tests to ascertain the nature,
quality, etc., of objects, as of metals or ores, of medicines, or of
facts pertaining to physiology.

DOCIMASTIC
Doc`i*mas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. docimastique.]

Defn: Proving by experiments or tests. Docimastic art, metallurgy, or
the art of assaying metals; the art of separating metals from foreign
matters, and determining the nature and quantity of metallic
substances contained in any ore or mineral.

DOCIMOLOGY
Doc`i*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A treatise on the art of testing, as in assaying metals, etc.

DOCITY
Doc"i*ty, n.

Defn: Teachableness. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.]

DOCK
Dock, n. Etym: [AS. docce; of uncertain origin; cf. G. docken-
blätter, Gael. dogha burdock, OF. doque; perh. akin to L. daucus,
daucum, Gr. Burdock.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants (Rumex), some species of which are well-known
weeds which have a long taproot and are difficult of extermination.

Note: Yellow dock is Rumex crispus, with smooth curly leaves and
yellow root, which that of other species is used medicinally as an
astringent and tonic.

DOCK
Dock, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. dockr a short tail, Fries. dok a little
bundle or bunch, G. docke bundle, skein, a short and thick column.]

1. The solid part of an animal's tail, as distinguished from the
hair; the stump of a tail; the part of a tail left after clipping or
cutting. Grew.

2. A case of leather to cover the clipped or cut tail of a horse.

DOCK
Dock, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Docked; p. pr. & vb. n. Docking.] Etym:
[See Dock a tail. Cf. W. tociaw, and twciaw, to dock, clip.]

1. to cut off, as the end of a thing; to curtail; to cut short; to
clip; as, to dock the tail of a horse.
His top was docked like a priest biforn. Chaucer.

2. To cut off a part from; to shorten; to deduct from; to subject to
a deduction; as, to dock one's wages.

3. To cut off, bar, or destroy; as, to dock an entail.

DOCK
Dock, n. Etym: [Akin to D. dok; of uncertain origin; cf. LL. doga
ditch, L. doga ditch, L. doga sort of vessel, Gr.

1. An artificial basin or an inclosure in connection with a harbor or
river, -- used for the reception of vessels, and provided with gates
for keeping in or shutting out the tide.

2. The slip or water way extending between two piers or projecting
wharves, for the reception of ships; -- sometimes including the piers
themselves; as, to be down on the dock.

3. The place in court where a criminal or accused person stands.
Balance dock, a kind of floating dock which is kept level by pumping
water out of, or letting it into, the compartments of side chambers.
 -- Dry dock, a dock from which the water may be shut or pumped out,
especially, one in the form of a chamber having walls and floor,
often of masonry and communicating with deep water, but having
appliances for excluding it; -- used in constructing or repairing
ships. The name includes structures used for the examination,
repairing, or building of vessels, as graving docks, floating docks,
hydraulic docks, etc.
 -- Floating dock, a dock which is made to become buoyant, and, by
floating, to lift a vessel out of water.
 -- Graving dock, a dock for holding a ship for graving or cleaning
the bottom, etc.
 -- Hydraulic dock, a dock in which a vessel is raised clear of the
water by hydraulic presses.
 -- Naval dock, a dock connected with which are naval stores,
materials, and all conveniences for the construction and repair of
ships.
 -- Sectional dock, a form of floating dock made in separate sections
or caissons.
 -- Slip dock, a dock having a sloping floor that extends from deep
water to above high-water mark, and upon which is a railway on which
runs a cradle carrying the ship.
 -- Wet dock, a dock where the water is shut in, and kept at a given
level, to facilitate the loading and unloading of ships; -- also
sometimes used as a place of safety; a basin.

DOCK
Dock, v. t.

Defn: To draw, law, or place (a ship) in a dock, for repairing,
cleaning the bottom, etc.

DOCKAGE
Dock"age, n.

Defn: A charge for the use of a dock.

DOCK-CRESS
Dock"-cress`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Nipplewort.

DOCKET
Dock"et, n. Etym: [Dock to cut off + dim. suffix -et.]

1. A small piece of paper or parchment, containing the heads of a
writing; a summary or digest.

2. A bill tied to goods, containing some direction, as the name of
the owner, or the place to which they are to be sent; a label.
Bailey.

3. (Law)
(a) An abridged entry of a judgment or proceeding in an action, or
register or such entries; a book of original, kept by clerks of
courts, containing a formal list of the names of parties, and minutes
of the proceedings, in each case in court.
(b) (U. S.) A list or calendar of causes ready for hearing or trial,
prepared for the use of courts by the clerks.

4. A list or calendar of business matters to be acted on in any
assembly. On the docket, in hand; in the plan; under consideration;
in process of execution or performance. [Colloq.]

DOCKET
Dock"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Docketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Docketing.]

1. To make a brief abstract of (a writing) and indorse it on the back
of the paper, or to indorse the title or contents on the back of; to
summarize; as, to docket letters and papers. Chesterfield.

2. (Law)
(a) To make a brief abstract of and inscribe in a book; as, judgments
regularly docketed.
(b) To enter or inscribe in a docket, or list of causes for trial.

3. To mark with a ticket; as, to docket goods.

DOCKYARD
Dock"yard`, n.

Defn: A yard or storage place for all sorts of naval stores and
timber for shipbuilding.

DOCOGLOSSA
Doc`o*glos"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of gastropods, including the true limpets, and having
the teeth on the odontophore or lingual ribbon.

DOCQUET
Doc"quet, n. & v.

Defn: See Docket.

DOCTOR
Doc"tor, n. Etym: [OF. doctur, L. doctor, teacher, fr. docere to
teach. See Docile.]

1. A teacher; one skilled in a profession, or branch of knowledge
learned man. [Obs.]
One of the doctors of Italy, Nicholas Macciavel. Bacon.

2. An academical title, originally meaning a men so well versed in
his department as to be qualified to teach it. Hence: One who has
taken the highest degree conferred by a university or college, or has
received a diploma of the highest degree; as, a doctor of divinity,
of law, of medicine, of music, or of philosophy. Such diplomas may
confer an honorary title only.

3. One duly licensed to practice medicine; a member of the medical
profession; a physician.
By medicine life may be prolonged, yet death Will seize the doctor
too. Shak.

4. Any mechanical contrivance intended to remedy a difficulty or
serve some purpose in an exigency; as, the doctor of a calico-
printing machine, which is a knife to remove superfluous coloring
matter; the doctor, or auxiliary engine, called also donkey engine.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The friar skate. [Prov. Eng.] Doctors' Commons. See under
Commons.
 -- Doctor's stuff, physic, medicine. G. Eliot.
 -- Doctor fish (Zoöl.), any fish of the genus Acanthurus; the
surgeon fish; -- so called from a sharp lancetlike spine on each side
of the tail. Also called barber fish. See Surgeon fish.

DOCTOR
Doc"tor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Doctored; p. pr. & vb. n. Doctoring.]

1. To treat as a physician does; to apply remedies to; to repair; as,
to doctor a sick man or a broken cart. [Colloq.]

2. To confer a doctorate upon; to make a doctor.

3. To tamper with and arrange for one's own purposes; to falsify; to
adulterate; as, to doctor election returns; to doctor whisky. [Slang]

DOCTOR
Doc"tor, v. i.

Defn: To practice physic. [Colloq.]

DOCTORAL
Doc"tor*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. doctoral.]

Defn: Of or relating to a doctor, or to the degree of doctor.
Doctoral habit and square cap. Wood.

DOCTORALLY
Doc"tor*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a doctor.[R.]

DOCTORATE
Doc"tor*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. doctorat.]

Defn: The degree, title, or rank, of a doctor.

DOCTORATE
Doc"tor*ate, v. t.

Defn: To make (one) a doctor.
He was bred . . . in Oxford and there doctorated. Fuller.

DOCTORESS
Doc"tor*ess, n.

Defn: A female doctor.[R.]

DOCTORLY
Doc"tor*ly, a.

Defn: Like a doctor or learned man. [Obs.] "Doctorly prelates." Foxe.

DOCTORSHIP
Doc"tor*ship, n.

Defn: Doctorate. [R.] Clarendon.

DOCTRESS
Doc"tress, n.

Defn: A female doctor. [R.]

DOCTRINABLE
Doc"tri*na*ble, a.

Defn: Of the nature of, or constituting, doctrine. [Obs.] Sir P.
Sidney.

DOCTRINAIRE
Doc`tri*naire", n. Etym: [F. See Doctrine.]

Defn: One who would apply to political or other practical concerns
the abstract doctrines or the theories of his own philosophical
system; a propounder of a new set of opinions; a dogmatic theorist.
Used also adjectively; as, doctrinaire notions.

Note: In french history, the Doctrinaires were a constitutionalist
party which originated after the restoration of the Bourbons, and
represented the interests of liberalism and progress. After the
Revolution of July, 1830, when they came into power, they assumed a
conservative position in antagonism with the republicans and
radicals. Am. Cyc.

DOCTRINAL
Doc"tri*nal, a. Etym: [LL. doctrinalis, fr. L. doctrina: cf. F.
doctrinal. See Doctrine.]

1. Pertaining to, or containing, doctrine or something taught and to
be believed; as, a doctrinal observation. "Doctrinal clauses."
Macaulay.

2. Pertaining to, or having to do with, teaching.
The word of God serveth no otherwise than in the nature of a
doctrinal instrument. Hooker.

DOCTRINAL
Doc"tri*nal, n.

Defn: A matter of doctrine; also, a system of doctrines. T. Goodwin.
Sir T. Elyot.

DOCTRINALLY
Doc"tri*nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a doctrinal manner or for; by way of teaching or positive
direction.

DOCTRINARIAN
Doc"tri*na"ri*an, n.

Defn: A doctrinaire. J. H. Newman.

DOCTRINARIANISM
Doc`tri*na"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The principles or practices of the Doctrinaires.

DOCTRINE
Doc"trine, n. Etym: [F. doctrine, L. doctrina, fr. doctor. See
Doctor.]

1. Teaching; instruction.
He taught them many things by parables, and said unto them in his
doctrine, Hearken. Mark iv. 2.

2. That which is taught; what is held, put forth as true, and
supported by a teacher, a school, or a sect; a principle or position,
or the body of principles, in any branch of knowledge; any tenet or
dogma; a principle of faith; as, the doctrine of atoms; the doctrine
of chances. "The doctrine of gravitation." I. Watts.
Articles of faith and doctrine. Hooker.
The Monroe doctrine (Politics), a policy enunciated by President
Monroe (Message, Dec. 2, 1823), the essential feature of which is
that the United States will regard as an unfriendly act any attempt
on the part of European powers to extend their systems on this
continent, or any interference to oppress, or in any manner control
the destiny of, governments whose independence had been acknowledged
by the United States.

Syn.
 -- Precept; tenet; principle; maxim; dogma.
 -- Doctrine, Precept. Doctrine denotes whatever is recommended as a
speculative truth to the belief of others. Precept is a rule down to
be obeyed. Doctrine supposes a teacher; precept supposes a superior,
with a right to command. The doctrines of the Bible; the precepts of
our holy religion.
Unpracticed he to fawn or seek for power By doctrines fashioned to
the varying hour. Goldsmith.

DOCUMENT
Doc"u*ment, n. Etym: [LL. documentum, fr. docere to teach: cf. F.
document. See Docile.]

1. That which is taught or authoritatively set forth; precept;
instruction; dogma. [Obs.]
Learners should not be too much crowded with a heap or multitude of
documents or ideas at one time. I. Watts.

2. An example for instruction or warning. [Obs.]
They were forth with stoned to death, as a document to others. Sir W.
Raleigh.

3. An original or official paper relied upon as the basis, proof, or
support of anything else; -- in its most extended sense, including
any writing, book, or other instrument conveying information in the
case; any material substance on which the thoughts of men are
represented by any species of conventional mark or symbol.
Saint Luke . . . collected them from such documents and testimonies
as he . . . judged to be authentic. Paley.

DOCUMENT
Doc"u*ment, v. t.

1. To teach; to school. [Obs.]
I am finely documented by my own daughter. Dryden.

2. To furnish with documents or papers necessary to establish facts
or give information; as, a a ship should be documented according to
the directions of law.

DOCUMENTAL
Doc`u*men"tal, a.

1. Of or pertaining to instruction. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

2. Of or pertaining to written evidence; documentary; as, documental
testimony.

DOCUMENTARY
Doc`u*men"ta*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to written evidence; contained or certified in
writing. "Documentary evidence." Macaulay.

DODD; DOD
Dodd, Dod, v. t. Etym: [OE. dodden.]

Defn: To cut off, as wool from sheep's tails; to lop or clip off.
Halliwell.

DODDART
Dod"dart, n.

Defn: A game much like hockey, played in an open field; also, the,
bent stick for playing the game. [Local, Eng.] Halliwell.

DODDED
Dod"ded, a. Etym: [See Dodd.]

Defn: Without horns; as, dodded cattle; without beards; as, dodded
corn. Halliwell.

DODDER
Dod"der, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. dodder, Sw. dodra, G. dotter.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Cuscuta. It is a leafless parasitical vine
with yellowish threadlike stems. It attaches itself to some other
plant, as to flax, goldenrod, etc., and decaying at the root. is
nourished by the plant that supports it.

DODDER
Dod"der, v. t. & i. Etym: [Cf. AS. dyderian to deceive, delude, and
E. didder, dudder.]

Defn: To shake, tremble, or totter. "The doddering mast." Thomson.

DODDERED
Dod"dered, a.

Defn: Shattered; infirm. "A laurel grew, doddered with age." Dryden.

DODECAGON
Do*dec"a*gon, n. Etym: [Gr. dodécagone.] (Geom.)

Defn: A figure or polygon bounded by twelve sides and containing
twelve angles.

DODECAGYNIA
Do*dec`a*gyn"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan order of plants having twelve styles.

DODECAGYNIAN; DODECAGYNOUS
Do*dec`a*gyn"i*an, Do`de*cag"y*nous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Dodecagynia; having twelve styles.

DODECAHEDRAL
Do*dec`a*he"dral, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, a dodecahedion; consisting of twelve
equal sides. Dodecahedral cleavage. See under Cleavage.

DODECAHEDRON
Do*dec`a*he"dron, n. Etym: [Gr. dodécaèdre.] (Geom. & Crystallog.)

Defn: A solid having twelve faces.

Note: The regular dodecahedron is bounded by twelve equal and regular
pentagons; the pyritohedron (see Pyritohedron) is related to it; the
rhombic dodecahedron is bounded by twelve equal rhombic faces.

DODECANDRIA
Do`de*can"dri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan class of plants including all that have any number of
stamens between twelve and nineteen.

DODECANDRIAN; DODECANDROUS
Do`de*can"dri*an, Do`de*can"drous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Dodecandria; having twelve stamens, or
from twelve to nineteen.

DODECANE
Do"de*cane, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a group of thick oily hydrocarbons, C12H26, of the
paraffin series.

DODECASTYLE
Do*dec"a*style, a. Etym: [Gr. dodécastyle.] (Arch.)

Defn: Having twelve columns in front.
 -- n.

Defn: A dodecastyle portico, or building.

DODECASYLLABIC
Do*dec`a*syl*lab"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. syllabic.]

Defn: Having twelve syllables.

DODECASYLLABLE
Do*dec"a*syl`la*ble, n.

Defn: A word consisting of twelve syllables.

DODECATEMORY
Do*dec`a*tem"o*ry, n. Etym: [Gr. dodécatémorie.] (Astron.)

Defn: A tern applied to the twelve houses, or parts, of the zodiac of
the primum mobile, to distinguish them from the twelve signs; also,
any one of the twelve signs of the zodiac.

DODGE
Dodge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dodged; p. pr. & vb. n. Dodging.] Etym:
[Of uncertain origin: cf. dodder, v., daddle, dade, or dog, v. t.]

1. To start suddenly aside, as to avoid a blow or a missile; to shift
place by a sudden start. Milton.

2. To evade a duty by low craft; to practice mean shifts; to use
tricky devices; to play fast and loose; to quibble.
Some dodging casuist with more craft than sincerity. Milton.

DODGE
Dodge, v. t.

1. To evade by a sudden shift of place; to escape by starting aside;
as, to dodge a blow aimed or a ball thrown.

2. Fig.: To evade by craft; as, to dodge a question; to dodge
responsibility. [Colloq.] S. G. Goodrich.

3. To follow by dodging, or suddenly shifting from place to place.
Coleridge.

DODGE
Dodge, n.

Defn: The act of evading by some skillful movement; a sudden starting
aside; hence, an artful device to evade, deceive, or cheat; a cunning
trick; an artifice. [Colloq.]
Some, who have a taste for good living, have many harmless arts, by
which they improve their banquet, and innocent dodges, if we may be
permitted to use an excellent phrase that has become vernacular since
the appearance of the last dictionaries. Thackeray.

DODGER
Dodg"er, n.

1. One who dodges or evades; one who plays fast and loose, or uses
tricky devices. Smart.

2. A small handbill. [U. S.]

3. See Corndodger.

DODGERY
Dodg"er*y, n.

Defn: trickery; artifice. [Obs.] Hacket.

DODIPATE; DODIPOLL
Dod"i*pate, Dod"i*poll, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. OE. dodden to cut off, to
shear, and first applied to shaven-polled priests.]

Defn: A stupid person; a fool; a blockhead.
Some will say, our curate is naught, an ass-head, a dodipoll.
Latimer.

DODKIN
Dod"kin, n. Etym: [D. duitken, dim. of duit. See Doit, and cf.
Doitkin.]

Defn: A doit; a small coin. Shelton.

DODMAN
Dod"man, n.

1. A snail; also, a snail shell; a hodmandod. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Nares.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any shellfish which casts its shell, as a lobster. [Prov. Eng.]

DODO
Do"do, n.; pl. Dodoes. Etym: [Said to be fr. Pg. doudo silly, foolish
(cf. Booby); this is fr. Prov. E. dold, the same word as E. dolt.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, extinct bird (Didus ineptus), formerly inhabiting the
Island of Mauritius. It had short, half-fledged wings, like those of
the ostrich, and a short neck and legs; -- called also dronte. It was
related to the pigeons.

DOE
Doe, n. Etym: [AS. da; cf. Dan. daa, daa-dyr, deer, and perh. L.
dama. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A female deer or antelope; specifically, the female of the
fallow deer, of which the male is called a buck. Also applied to the
female of other animals, as the rabbit. See the Note under Buck.

DOE
Doe, n.

Defn: A feat. [Obs.] See Do, n. Hudibras.

DOEGLIC
Doeg"lic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, the doegling; as, doeglic acid
(Chem.), an oily substance resembling oleic acid.

DOEGLING
Doeg"ling, n. Etym: [Native name in Faroe Islands.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The beaked whale (Balænoptera rostrata), from which doegling
oil is obtained.

DOE, JOHN
Doe, John. (Law)

Defn: The fictitious lessee acting as plaintiff in the common-law
action of ejectment, the fictitious defendant being usually
denominated Richard Roe. Hence, a fictitious name for a party, real
or fictitious, to any action or proceeding.

DOER
Do"er, m. Etym: [From Do, v. t. & i.]

1. One who does; one performs or executes; one who is wont and ready
to act; an actor; an agent.
The doers of the law shall be justified. Rom. ii. 13.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: An agent or attorney; a factor. Burrill.

DOES
Does.

Defn: The 3d pers. sing. pres. of Do.

DOESKIN
Doe"skin`, n.

1. The skin of the doe.

2. A firm woolen cloth with a smooth, soft surface like a doe's skin;
-- made for men's wear.

DOFF
Doff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Doffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Doffing.] Etym: [Do
+ off. See Do, v. t., 7.]

1. To put off, as dress; to divest one's self of; hence,
figuratively, to put or thrust away; to rid one's self of. And made
us doff our easy robes of peace. Shak.
At night, or in the rain, He dons a surcoat which he doffs at morn.
Emerson.

2. To strip; to divest; to undress.
Heaven's King, who doffs himself our flesh to wear. Crashaw.

DOFF
Doff, v. i.

Defn: To put off dress; to take off the hat.

DOFFER
Doff"er, n. (Mach.)

Defn: A revolving cylinder, or a vibrating bar with teeth, in a
carding machine, which doffs, or strips off, the cotton from the
cards. Ure.

DOG
Dog, n. Etym: [AS. docga; akin to D. dog mastiff, Dan. dogge, Sw.
dogg.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A quadruped of the genus Canis, esp. the domestic dog (C.
familiaris).

Note: The dog is distinguished above all others of the inferior
animals for intelligence, docility, and attachment to man. There are
numerous carefully bred varieties, as the beagle, bloodhound,
bulldog, coachdog, collie, Danish dog, foxhound, greyhound, mastiff,
pointer, poodle, St. Bernard, setter, spaniel, spitz dog, terrier,
etc. There are also many mixed breeds, and partially domesticated
varieties, as well as wild dogs, like the dingo and dhole. (See these
names in the Vocabulary.)

2. A mean, worthless fellow; a wretch.
What is thy servant, which is but a dog, that he should do this great
thing 2 Kings viii. 13 (Rev. Ver. )

3. A fellow; -- used humorously or contemptuously; as, a sly dog; a
lazy dog. [Colloq.]

4. (Astron.)

Defn: One of the two constellations, Canis Major and Canis Minor, or
the Greater Dog and the Lesser Dog. Canis Major contains the Dog Star
(Sirius).

5. An iron for holding wood in a fireplace; a firedog; an andiron.

6. (Mech.)
(a) A grappling iron, with a claw or claws, for fastening into wood
or other heavy articles, for the purpose of raising or moving them.
(b) An iron with fangs fastening a log in a saw pit, or on the
carriage of a sawmill.
(c) A piece in machinery acting as a catch or clutch; especially, the
carrier of a lathe, also, an adjustable stop to change motion, as in
a machine tool.

Note: Dog is used adjectively or in composition, commonly in the
sense of relating to, or characteristic of, a dog. It is also used to
denote a male; as, dog fox or g-fox, a male fox; dog otter or dog-
otter, dog wolf, etc.; -- also to denote a thing of cheap or mean
quality; as, dog Latin. A dead dog, a thing of no use or value. 1
Sam. xxiv. 14.
 -- A dog in the manger, an ugly-natured person who prevents others
from enjoying what would be an advantage to them but is none to him.
 -- Dog ape (Zoöl.), a male ape.
 -- Dog cabbage, or Dog's cabbage (Bot.), a succulent herb, native to
the Mediterranean region (Thelygonum Cynocrambe).
 -- Dog cheap, very cheap. See under Cheap.
 -- Dog ear (Arch.), an acroterium. [Colloq.] -- Dog flea (Zoöl.), a
species of flea (Pulex canis) which infests dogs and cats, and is
often troublesome to man. In America it is the common flea. See Flea,
and Aphaniptera.
 -- Dog grass (Bot.), a grass (Triticum caninum) of the same genus as
wheat.
 -- Dog Latin, barbarous Latin; as, the dog Latin of pharmacy.
 -- Dog lichen (Bot.), a kind of lichen (Peltigera canina) growing on
earth, rocks, and tree trunks, -- a lobed expansion, dingy green
above and whitish with fuscous veins beneath.
 -- Dog louse (Zoöl.), a louse that infests the dog, esp. Hæmatopinus
piliferus; another species is Trichodectes latus.
 -- Dog power, a machine operated by the weight of a dog traveling in
a drum, or on an endless track, as for churning.
 -- Dog salmon (Zoöl.), a salmon of northwest America and northern
Asia; -- the gorbuscha; -- called also holia, and hone.
 -- Dog shark. (Zoöl.) See Dogfish.
 -- Dog's meat, meat fit only for dogs; refuse; offal.
 -- Dog Star. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Dog wheat (Bot.), Dog grass.
 -- Dog whelk (Zoöl.), any species of univalve shells of the family
Nassidæ, esp. the Nassa reticulata of England.
 -- To give, or throw, to the dogs, to throw away as useless. "Throw
physic to the dogs; I'll none of it." Shak.
 -- To go to the dogs, to go to ruin; to be ruined.

DOG
Dog, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dogged; p. pr. & vb. n. Dogging.]

Defn: To hunt or track like a hound; to follow insidiously or
indefatigably; to chase with a dog or dogs; to worry, as if by dogs;
to hound with importunity.
I have been pursued, dogged, and waylaid. Pope.
Your sins will dog you, pursue you. Burroughs.
Eager ill-bred petitioners, who do not so properly supplicate as hunt
the person whom they address to, dogging him from place to place,
till they even extort an answer to their rude requests. South.

DOGAL
Do"gal, a. Etym: [LL. dogalis for ducalis. See Doge.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a doge.[R.]

DOGATE
Do"gate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dogat, It. dogato. See Doge, and cf.
Dogeate.]

Defn: The office or dignity of a doge.

DOGBANE
Dog"bane`, n. Etym: [Said to be poisonous to dogs. Cf. Apocynaceous.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A small genus of perennial herbaceous plants, with poisonous
milky juice, bearing slender pods pods in pairs.

DOG BEE
Dog" bee`.

Defn: A male or drone bee. Halliwell.

DOGBERRY
Dog"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The berry of the dogwood; -- called also dogcherry. Dr. Prior.
Dogberry tree (Bot.), the dogwood.

DOGBOLT
Dog"bolt`, n. (Gun.)

Defn: The bolt of the cap-square over the trunnion of a cannon.
Knight.

DOG-BRIER
Dog"-bri`er, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The dog-rose.

DOGCART
Dog"cart`, n.

Defn: A light one-horse carriage, commonly two-wheeled, patterned
after a cart. The original dogcarts used in England by sportsmen had
a box at the back for carrying dogs.

DOG DAY; DOGDAY
Dog" day` or Dog"day`.

Defn: One of the dog days. Dogday cicada (Zoöl.), a large American
cicada (C. pruinosa), which trills loudly in midsummer.

DOG DAYS
Dog" days`.

Defn: A period of from four to six weeks, in the summer, variously
placed by almanac makers between the early part of July and the early
part of September; canicular days; -- so called in reference to the
rising in ancient times of the Dog Star (Sirius) with the sun.
Popularly, the sultry, close part of the summer.

Note: The conjunction of the rising of the Dog Star with the rising
of the sun was regarded by the ancients as one of the causes of the
sultry heat of summer, and of the maladies which then prevailed. But
as the conjunction does not occur at the same time in all latitudes,
and is not constant in the same region for a long period, there has
been much variation in calendars regarding the limits of the dog
days. The astronomer Roger Long states that in an ancient calendar in
Bede (died 735) the beginning of dog days is placed on the 14th of
July; that in a calendar prefixed to the Common Prayer, printed in
the time of Queen Elizabeth, they were said to begin on the 6th of
July and end on the 5th of September; that, from the Restoration
(1660) to the beginning of New Style (1752), British almanacs placed
the beginning on the 19th of July and the end on the 28th of August;
and that after 1752 the beginning was put on the 30th of July, the
end on the 7th of September. Some English calendars now put the
beginning on July 3d, and the ending on August 11th. A popular
American almanac of the present time (1890) places the beginning on
the 25th of July, and the end on the 5th of September.

DOGDRAW
Dog"draw`, n. (Eng. Forest Law)

Defn: The act of drawing after, or pursuing, deer with a dog. Cowell.

DOGE
Doge, n. Etym: [It doge, dogio, for duce, duca, fr. L. dux, ducis, a
leader, commander. See Duke.]

Defn: The chief magistrate in the republics of Venice and Genoa.

DOG-EARED
Dog"-eared`, a.

Defn: Having the corners of the leaves turned down and soiled by
careless or long-continued usage; -- said of a book.
Statute books before unopened, not dog-eared. Ld. Mansfield.

DOGEATE
Doge"ate, n.

Defn: Dogate. Wright.

DOGELESS
Doge"less, a.

Defn: Without a doge. Byron.

DOG-FACED
Dog"-faced`, a.

Defn: Having a face resembling that of a dog. Dog-faced baboon
(Zoöl.), any baboon of the genus Cynocephalus. See Drill.

DOG FANCIER
Dog" fan`cier.

Defn: One who has an unusual fancy for, or interest in, dogs; also,
one who deals in dogs.

DOGFISH
Dog"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

1. A small shark, of many species, of the genera Mustelus, Scyllium,
Spinax, etc.

Note: The European spotted dogfishes (Scyllium catudus, and S.
canicula) are very abundant; the American smooth, or blue dogfish is
Mustelus canis; the common picked, or horned dogfish (Squalus
acanthias) abundant on both sides of the Atlantic.

2. The bowfin (Amia calva). See Bowfin.

3. The burbot of Lake Erie.

DOG-FOX
Dog"-fox`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A male fox. See the Note under Dog, n.,

6. Sir W. Scott.
(b) The Arctic or blue fox; -- a name also applied to species of the
genus Cynalopex.

DOGGED
Dog"ged, a. Etym: [Fron. Dog.]

1. Sullen; morose. [Obs. or R.]
The sulky spite of a temper naturally dogged. Sir W. Scott.

2. Sullenly obstinate; obstinately determined or persistent; as,
dogged resolution; dogged work.

DOGGEDLY
Dog"ged*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dogged manner; sullenly; with obstinate resolution.

DOGGEDNESS
Dog"ged*ness, n.

1. Sullenness; moroseness. [R.]

2. Sullen or obstinate determination; grim resolution or persistence.

DOGGER
Dog"ger, n. Etym: [D., fr. dogger codfish, orig. used in the catching
of codfish.] (Naut.)

Defn: A two-masted fishing vessel, used by the Dutch.

DOGGER
Dog"ger, n.

Defn: A sort of stone, found in the mines with the true alum rock,
chiefly of silica and iron.

DOGGEREL
Dog"ger*el, a. Etym: [OE. dogerel.]

Defn: Low in style, and irregular in measure; as, doggerel rhymes.
This may well be rhyme doggerel, quod he. Chaucer.

DOGGEREL
Dog"ger*el, n.

Defn: A sort of loose or irregular verse; mean or undignified poetry.
Doggerel like that of Hudibras. Addison.
The ill-spelt lines of doggerel in which he expressed his reverence
for the brave sufferers. Macaulay.

DOGGERMAN
Dog"ger*man, n.

Defn: A sailor belonging to a dogger.

DOGGET
Dog"get, n.

Defn: Docket. See Docket. [Obs.]

DOGGISH
Dog"gish, a.

Defn: Like a dog; having the bad qualities of a dog; churlish;
growling; brutal.
 -- Dog"*gish*ly, adv.
 -- Dog"gish*ness, n.

DOGGREL
Dog"grel, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Doggerel.

DOG-HEADED
Dog"-head`ed, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a head shaped like that of a dog; -- said of certain
baboons.

DOG-HEARTED
Dog"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Inhuman; cruel. Shak.

DOGHOLE
Dog"hole`, n.

Defn: A place fit only for dogs; a vile, mean habitation or
apartment. Dryden.

DOG-LEGGED
dog"-leg`ged, a. (Arch)

Defn: Noting a flight of stairs, consisting of two or more straight
portions connected by a platform (landing) or platforms, and running
in opposite directions without an intervening wellhole.

DOGMA
Dog"ma, n.; pl. E. Dogmas, L. Dogmata. Etym: [L. dogma, Gr. pl. , fr.
decet it is becoming. Cf. Decent.]

1. That which is held as an opinion; a tenet; a doctrine.
The obscure and loose dogmas of early antiquity. Whewell.

2. A formally stated and authoritatively settled doctrine; a
definite, established, and authoritative tenet.

3. A doctrinal notion asserted without regard to evidence or truth;
an arbitrary dictum.

Syn.
 -- tenet; opinion; proposition; doctrine.
 -- Dogma, Tenet. A tenet is that which is maintained as true with
great firmness; as, the tenets of our holy religion. A dogma is that
which is laid down with authority as indubitably true, especially a
religious doctrine; as, the dogmas of the church. A tenet rests on
its own intrinsic merits or demerits; a dogma rests on authority
regarded as competent to decide and determine. Dogma has in our
language acquired, to some extent, a repulsive sense, from its
carrying with it the idea of undue authority or assumption. this is
more fully the case with its derivatives dogmatical and dogmatism.

DOGMATIC
Dog*mat"ic, n.

Defn: One of an ancient sect of physicians who went by general
principles; -- opposed to the Empiric.

DOGMATIC; DOGMATICAL
Dog*mat"ic, Dog*mat`ic*al, a. Etym: [L. dogmaticus, Gr. dogmatique.]

1. Pertaining to a dogma, or to an established and authorized
doctrine or tenet.

2. Asserting a thing positively and authoritatively; positive;
magisterial; hence, arrogantly authoritative; overbearing.
Critics write in a positive, dogmatic way. Spectator.
[They] are as assertive and dogmatical as if they were omniscient.
Glanvill.
Dogmatic theology. Same as Dogmatics.

Syn.
 -- Magisterial; arrogant. See Magisterial.

DOGMATICALLY
Dog*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dogmatic manner; positively; magisterially.

DOGMATICALNESS
Dog*mat"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being dogmatical; positiveness.

DOGMATICIAN
Dog`ma*ti"cian, n.

Defn: A dogmatist.

DOGMATICS
Dog*mat"ics, n.

Defn: The science which treats of Christian doctrinal theology.

DOGMATISM
Dog"ma*tism, n.

Defn: The manner or character of a dogmatist; arrogance or
positiveness in stating opinion.
The self-importance of his demeanor, and the dogmatism of his
conversation. Sir W. Scott.

DOGMATIST
Dog"ma*tist, n. Etym: [L. dogmatistes, Gr.

Defn: One who dogmatizes; one who speaks dogmatically; a bold and
arrogant advancer of principles.
I expect but little success of all this upon the dogmatist; his
opinioned assurance is paramount to argument. Glanvill.

DOGMATIZE
Dog"ma*tize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dogmatized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dogmatizing.] Etym: [L. dogmatizare to lay down an opinion, Gr.
dogmatiser. See Dogma.]

Defn: To assert positively; to teach magisterially or with bold and
undue confidence; to advance with arrogance.
The pride of dogmatizing schools. Blackmore.

DOGMATIZE
Dog"ma*tize, v. t.

Defn: To deliver as a dogma. [R.]

DOGMATIZER
Dog"ma*ti`zer, n.

Defn: One who dogmatizes; a bold asserter; a magisterial teacher.
Hammond.

DOG-ROSE
Dog"-rose`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A common European wild rose, with single pink or white flowers.

DOG'S-BANE
Dog's"-bane`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Dogbane.

DOG'S-EAR
Dog's"-ear`, n.

Defn: The corner of a leaf, in a book, turned down like the ear of a
dog. Gray.
 -- Dog's"-eared`, a. Cowper.

DOGSHIP
Dog"ship, n.

Defn: The character, or individuality, of a dog.

DOGSHORE
Dog"shore`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: One of several shores used to hold a ship firmly and prevent
her moving while the blocks are knocked away before launching.

DOGSICK
Dog"sick`, a.

Defn: Sick as a dog sometimes is very sick. [Colloq.]

DOGSKIN
Dog"skin, n.

Defn: The skin of a dog, or leather made of the skin. Also used
adjectively.

DOGSLEEP
Dog"sleep`, n.

1. Pretended sleep. Addison.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The fitful naps taken when all hands are kept up by stress.

DOG'S-TAIL GRASS
Dog's"-tail grass`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A hardy species of British grass (Cynosurus cristatus) which
abounds in grass lands, and is well suited for making straw plait; --
called also goldseed.

DOG STAR
Dog" Star`.

Defn: Sirius, a star of the constellation Canis Major, or the Greater
Dog, and the brightest star in the heavens; -- called also Canicula,
and, in astronomical charts, a Canis Majoris. See Dog days.

DOG'S-TONGUE
Dog's"-tongue`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Hound's-tongue.

DOGTIE
Dog"tie`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A cramp.

DOGTOOTH
Dog"tooth`, n.; pl. Dogteeth (.

1. See Canine tooth, under Canine.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornament common in Gothic architecture, consisting of
pointed projections resembling teeth; -- also called tooth ornament.
Dogtooth spar (Min.), a variety of calcite, in acute crystals,
resembling the tooth of a dog. See Calcite.
 -- Dogtooth violet (Bot.), a small, bulbous herb of the Lily family
(genus Erythronium). It has two shining flat leaves and commonly one
large flower. [Written also dog's-tooth violet.]

DOGTRICK
Dog"trick`, n.

Defn: A gentle trot, like that of a dog.

DOGVANE
Dog"vane`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A small vane of bunting, feathers, or any other light material,
carried at the masthead to indicate the direction of the wind.
Totten.

DOGWATCH
Dog"watch`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A half watch; a watch of two hours, of which there are two, the
first dogwatch from 4 to 6 o'clock, p.m., and the second dogwatch
from 6 to 8 o'clock, P. M. Totten.

DOG-WEARY
Dog"-wea`ry, a.

Defn: Extremely weary. Shak.

DOGWOOD
Dog"wood`, n. Etym: [So named from skewers (dags) being made of it.
Dr. Prior. See Dag, and Dagger.] (Bot.)

Defn: The Cornus, a genus of large shrubs or small trees, the wood of
which is exceedingly hard, and serviceable for many purposes.

Note: There are several species, one of which, Cornus mascula, called
also cornelian cherry, bears a red acid berry. C. florida is the
flowering dogwood, a small American tree with very showy blossoms.
Dogwood tree. (a) The dogwood or Cornus. (b) A papilionaceous tree
(Piscidia erythring) growing in Jamaica. It has narcotic properties;
-- called also Jamaica dogwood.

DOHTREN
Doh"tren, n. pl.

Defn: Daughters. [Obs.]

DOILY
Doi"ly, n. Etym: [So called from the name of the dealer.]

1. A kind of woolen stuff. [Obs.] "Some doily petticoats." Dryden.
A fool and a doily stuff, would now and then find days of grace, and
be worn for variety. Congreve.

2. A small napkin, used at table with the fruit, etc.; -- commonly
colored and fringed.

DOING
Do"ing, n.; pl. Doings (.

Defn: Anything done; a deed; an action good or bad; hence, in the
plural, conduct; behavior. See Do.
To render an account of his doings. Barrow.

DOIT
Doit, n. Etym: [D. duit, Icel. pveit, prop., a piece cut off. See
Thwaite a piece of ground, Thwite.]

1. A small Dutch coin, worth about half a farthing; also, a similar
small coin once used in Scotland; hence, any small piece of money.
Shak.

2. A thing of small value; as, I care not a doit.

DOITKIN
Doit"kin, n.

Defn: A very small coin; a doit.

DOKIMASTIC
Dok`i*mas"tic, a.

Defn: Docimastic.

DOKO
Do"ko, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Lepidosiren.

DOLABRA
Do*la"bra, n. Etym: [L., fr. dolare to hew.]

Defn: A rude ancient ax or hatchet, seen in museums.

DOLABRIFORM
Do*lab"ri*form, a. Etym: [L. dolabra a mattock + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like the head of an ax or hatchet, as some leaves, and
also certain organs of some shellfish.

DOLCE; DOLCEMENTE
Dol"ce, Dol`ce*men"te, adv. Etym: [It., fr. L. dulcis sweet, soft.]
(Mus.)

Defn: Softly; sweetly; with soft, smooth, and delicate execution.

DOLCINO; DULCINO
Dol*ci"no, or Dul*ci"no (, n. Etym: [Cf. It. dolcigno sweetish.]
(Mus.)

Defn: A small bassoon, formerly much used. Simmonds.

DOLDRUMS
Dol"drums, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. Gael. doltrum grief, vexation]

Defn: A part of the ocean near the equator, abounding in calms,
squalls, and light, baffling winds, which sometimes prevent all
progress for weeks; -- so called by sailors. To be in the doldrums,
to be in a state of listlessness ennui, or tedium.

DOLE
Dole, n. Etym: [OE. deol, doel, dol, OF. doel, fr. doloir to suffer,
fr. L. dolere; perh. akin to dolare to hew.]

Defn: grief; sorrow; lamentation. [Archaic]
And she died. So that day there was dole in Astolat. Tennyson.

DOLE
Dole, n. Etym: [L. dolus: cf. F. dol.] (Scots Law)

Defn: See Dolus.

DOLE
Dole, n. Etym: [AS. dal portion; same word as d. See Deal.]

1. Distribution; dealing; apportionment.
At her general dole, Each receives his ancient soul. Cleveland.

2. That which is dealt out; a part, share, or portion also, a scanty
share or allowance.

3. Alms; charitable gratuity or portion.
So sure the dole, so ready at their call, They stood prepared to see
the manna fall. Dryden.
Heaven has in store a precious dole. Keble.

4. A boundary; a landmark. Halliwell.

5. A void space left in tillage. [Prov. Eng.] Dole beer, beer
bestowed as alms. [Obs.] -- Dole bread, bread bestowed as alms.
[Obs.] -- Dole meadow, a meadow in which several persons have a
common right or share.

DOLE
Dole, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Doled; p. pr. & vb. n. Doling.]

Defn: To deal out in small portions; to distribute, as a dole; to
deal out scantily or grudgingly.
The supercilious condescension with which even his reputed friends
doled out their praises to him. De Quincey.

DOLEFUL
Dole"ful, a.

Defn: Full of dole or grief; expressing or exciting sorrow;
sorrowful; sad; dismal.
With screwed face and doleful whine. South.
Regions of sorrow, doleful shades. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Piteous; rueful; sorrowful; woeful; melancholy; sad gloomy;
dismal; dolorous; woe-begone. - Dole"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Dole"ful*ness, n.

DOLENT
Do"lent, a. Etym: [L. dolens, p. pr. of dolere: cf. F. dolent. See
Dole sorrow.]

Defn: Sorrowful. [Obs.] Ford.

DOLENTE
Do*len"te, a. & adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Plaintively. See Doloroso.

DOLERITE
Dol"er*ite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Geol. & Min.)

Defn: A dark-colored, basic, igneous rock, composed essentially of
pyroxene and a triclinic feldspar with magnetic iron. By many authors
it is considered equivalent to a coarse-grained basalt.

DOLERITIC
Dol`er*it"ic, a.

Defn: Of the nature of dolerite; as, much lava is doleritic lava.
Dana.

DOLESOME
Dole"some, a.

Defn: Doleful; dismal; gloomy; sorrowful.
 -- Dole"some*ly, adv.
 -- Dole"some*ness, n.

DOLF
Dolf, imp.

Defn: of Delve. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DOLICHOCEPHALIC; DOLICHOCEPHALOUS
Dol`i*cho*ce*phal"ic, Dol`i*cho*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the cranium, or skull, long to its breadth; long-headed;
-- opposed to brachycephalic.
 -- Dol`i*cho*ceph"al, a. & n.

DOLICHOCEPHALY; DOLICHOCEPHALISM
Dol`i*cho*ceph"a*ly, Dol`i*cho*ceph"a*lism, n. Etym: [Cf. F.
dolichcéphalie.]

Defn: The quality or condition of being dolichocephalic.

DOLIOFORM
Do"li*o*form, a. Etym: [L. dolium large jar + -form.] (Biol.)

Defn: Barrel-shaped, or like a cask in form.

DOLIOLUM
Do*li"o*lum, n. Etym: [L. doliolum a small cask.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of freeswimming oceanic tunicates, allied to Salpa, and
having alternate generations.

DO-LITTLE
Do"-lit`tle, n.

Defn: One who performs little though professing much. [Colloq.]
Great talkers are commonly dolittles. Bp. Richardson.

DOLIUM
Do"li*um, n. Etym: [L. large jar.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large univalve mollusks, including the partridge
shell and tun shells.

DOLL
Doll, n. Etym: [A contraction of Dorothy; or less prob. an
abbreviation of idol; or cf. OD. dol a whipping top, D. dollen to
rave, and E. dull.]

Defn: A child's puppet; a toy baby for a little girl.

DOLLAR
Dol"lar, n. Etym: [D. daalder, LG. dahler, G. thaler, an abbreviation
of Joachimsthaler, i. e., a piece of money first coined, about the
year 1518, in the valley (G. thal) of St. Joachim, in Bohemia. See
Dale.]

1.
(a) A silver coin of the United States containing 371.25 grains of
silver and 41.25 grains of alloy, that is, having a total weight of
412.5 grains.
(b) A gold coin of the United States containing 23.22 grains of gold
and 2.58 grains of alloy, that is, having a total weight of 25.8
grains, nine-tenths fine. It is no longer coined.

Note: Previous to 1837 the silver dollar had a larger amount of
alloy, but only the same amount of silver as now, the total weight
being 416 grains. The gold dollar as a distinct coin was first made
in 1849. The eagles, half eagles, and quarter eagles coined before
1834 contained 24.75 grains of gold and 2.25 grains of alloy for each
dollar.

2. A coin of the same general weight and value, though differing
slightly in different countries, current in Mexico, Canada, parts of
South America, also in Spain, and several other European countries.

3. The value of a dollar; the unit commonly employed in the United
States in reckoning money values. Chop dollar. See under 9th Chop.
 -- Dollar fish (Zoöl.), a fish of the United States coast
(Stromateus triacanthus), having a flat, roundish form and a bright
silvery luster; -- called also butterfish, and Lafayette. See
Butterfish.
 -- Trade dollar, a silver coin formerly made at the United States
mint, intended for export, and not legal tender at home. It contained
378 grains of silver and 42 grains of alloy.

DOLLARDEE
Dol`lar*dee", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of sunfish (Lepomis pallidus), common in the United
States; -- called also blue sunfish, and copper-nosed bream.

DOLLMAN
Doll"man, n.

Defn: See Dolman.

DOLLY
Dol"ly, n.; pl. Dollies (.

1. (Mining)

Defn: A contrivance, turning on a vertical axis by a handle or winch,
and giving a circular motion to the ore to be washed; a stirrer.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A tool with an indented head for shaping the head of a rivet.
Knight.

3. In pile driving, a block interposed between the head of the pile
and the ram of the driver.

4. A small truck with a single wide roller used for moving heavy
beams, columns, etc., in bridge building.

5. A compact, narrow-gauge locomotive used for moving construction
trains, switching, etc.

DOLLY
Dol"ly, n.

Defn: A child's mane for a doll. Dolly shop, a shop where rags, old
junk, etc., are bought and sold; usually, in fact, an unlicensed
pawnbroker's shop, formerly distinguished by the sign of a black
doll. [England]

DOLLY VARDEN
Dol"ly Var"den.

1. A character in Dickens's novel "Barnaby Rudge," a beautiful,
lively, and coquettish girl who wore a cherry-colored mantle and
cherry-colored ribbons.

2. A style of light, bright-figured dress goods for women; also, a
style of dress. Dolly Varden trout (Zoöl.), a trout of northwest
America; -- called also bull trout, malma, and red-spotted trout. See
Malma.

DOLMAN
Dol"man, n. Etym: [Turk. d: cf. F. doliman.]

1. A long robe or outer garment, with long sleeves, worn by the
Turks. [Written also doliman.]

2. A cloak of a peculiar fashion worn by women.

DOLMEN
Dol"men, n. Etym: [Armor. taol, tol, table + mean, maen, men, stone:
cf. F. dolmen.]

Defn: A cromlech. See Cromlech. [Written also tolmen.]

DOLOMITE
Dol"o*mite, n. Etym: [After the French geologist Dolomieu.] (Geol. &
Min.)

Defn: A mineral consisting of the carbonate of lime and magnesia in
varying proportions. It occurs in distinct crystals, and in extensive
beds as a compact limestone, often crystalline granular, either white
or clouded. It includes much of the common white marble. Also called
bitter spar.

DOLOMITIC
Dol`o*mit"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to dolomite.

DOLOMIZE
Dol"o*mize, v. t.

Defn: To convert into dolomite.
 -- Dol`o*mi*za"tion, n.

DOLOR
Do"lor, n. Etym: [OE. dolor, dolur, dolour, F. douleur, L. dolor, fr.
dolere. See 1st Dole.]

Defn: Pain; grief; distress; anguish. [Written also dolour.] [Poetic]
Of death and dolor telling sad tidings. Spenser.

DOLORIFEROUS
Dol`or*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. dolor pain + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing pain. Whitaker.

DOLORIFIC; DOLORIFICAL
Dol`or*if"ic, Dol`or*if"ic*al, a. Etym: [LL. dolorificus; L. dolor
pain + facere to make.]

Defn: Causing pain or grief. Arbuthnot.

DOLOROSO
Do`lo*ro"so, a. & adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Plaintive; pathetic; -- used adverbially as a musical
direction.

DOLOROUS
Dol"or*ous, a. Etym: [L. dolorosus, from dolor: cf. F. douloureux.
See Dolor.]

1. Full of grief; sad; sorrowful; doleful; dismal; as, a dolorous
object; dolorous discourses.
You take me in too dolorous a sense; I spake to you for your comfort.
Shak.

2. Occasioning pain or grief; painful.
Their dispatch is quick, and less dolorous than the paw of the bear
or teeth of the lion. Dr. H. More.
-- Dol"or*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Dol"or*ous*ness, n.

DOLPHIN
Dol"phin, n. Etym: [F. dauphin dolphin, dauphin, earlier spelt also
doffin; cf. OF. dalphinal of the dauphin; fr. L. delphinus, Gr.
garbha; perh. akin to E. calf. Cf. Dauphin, Delphine.]

1. (Zool.)
(a) A cetacean of the genus Delphinus and allied genera (esp. D.
delphis); the true dolphin.
(b) The Coryphæna hippuris, a fish of about five feet in length,
celebrated for its surprising changes of color when dying. It is the
fish commonly known as the dolphin. See Coryphænoid.

Note: The dolphin of the ancients (D. delphis) is common in the
Mediterranean and Atlantic, and attains a length of from six to eight
feet.

2. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A mass of iron or lead hung from the yardarm, in readiness to
be dropped on the deck of an enemy's vessel.

3. (Naut.)
(a) A kind of wreath or strap of plaited cordage.
(b) A spar or buoy held by an anchor and furnished with a ring to
which ships may fasten their cables. R. H. Dana.
(c) A mooring post on a wharf or beach.
(d) A permanent fender around a heavy boat just below the gunwale.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.

4. (Gun.)

Defn: In old ordnance, one of the handles above the trunnions by
which the gun was lifted.

5. (Astron.)

Defn: A small constellation between Aquila and Pegasus. See
Delphinus, n.,

2. Dolphin fly (Zoöl.), the black, bean, or collier, Aphis (Aphis
fable), destructive to beans.
 -- Dolphin striker (Naut.), a short vertical spar under the
bowsprit.

DOLPHINET
Dol"phin*et, n.

Defn: A female dolphin. [R.] Spenser.

DOLT
Dolt, n. Etym: [OE. dulte, prop. p. p. of dullen to dull. See Dull.]

Defn: A heavy, stupid fellow; a blockhead; a numskull; an ignoramus;
a dunce; a dullard.
This Puck seems but a dreaming dolt. Drayton.

DOLT
Dolt, v. i.

Defn: To behave foolishly. [Obs.]

DOLTISH
Dolt"ish, a.

Defn: Doltlike; dull in intellect; stupid; blockish; as, a doltish
clown.
 -- Dolt"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Dolt"ish*ness, n.

DOLUS
Do"lus, n. Etym: [L., deceit; akin to Gr. (Law)

Defn: Evil intent, embracing both malice and fraud. See Culpa.
Wharton.

DOLVEN
Dolv"en, p. p.

Defn: of Delve. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

-DOM
-dom (.

Defn: A suffix denoting:
(a) Jurisdiction or property and jurisdiction, dominion, as in
kingdom earldom.
(b) State, condition, or quality of being, as in wisdom, freedom.

Note: It is from the same root as doom meaning authority and
judgment. . See Doom.

DOM
Dom, n. Etym: [Pg. See Don.]

1. A title anciently given to the pope, and later to other church
dignitaries and some monastic orders. See Don, and Dan.

2. In Portugal and Brazil, the title given to a member of the higher
classes.

DOMABLE
Dom"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. domabilis, fr. domare to tame.]

Defn: Capable of being tamed; tamable.

DOMABLENESS
Dom"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Tamableness.

DOMAGE
Dom"age, n. Etym: [See Damage.]

1. Damage; hurt. [Obs.] Chapman.

2. Subjugation. [Obs.] Hobbes.

DOMAIN
Do*main", n. Etym: [F. domaine, OF. demaine, L. dominium, property,
right of ownership, fr. dominus master, owner. See Dame, and cf
Demesne, Dungeon.]

1. Dominion; empire; authority.

2. The territory over which dominion or authority is exerted; the
possessions of a sovereign or commonwealth, or the like. Also used
figuratively.
The domain of authentic history. E. Everett.
The domain over which the poetic spirit ranges. J. C. Shairp.

3. Landed property; estate; especially, the land about the mansion
house of a lord, and in his immediate occupancy; demesne. Shenstone.

4. (Law)

Defn: Ownership of land; an estate or patrimony which one has in his
own right; absolute proprietorship; paramount or sovereign ownership.
Public domain, the territory belonging to a State or to the general
government; public lands. [U.S.]in the public domain may be used by
anyone wihout restriction.
 -- Right of eminent domain, that superior dominion of the sovereign
power over all the property within the state, including that
previously granted by itself, which authorizes it to appropriate any
part thereof to a necessary public use, reasonable compensation being
made.

DOMAL
Do"mal, a. Etym: [L. domus house.] (Astrol.)

Defn: Pertaining to a house. Addison.

DOMANIAL
Do*ma"ni*al, a.

Defn: Of or relating to a domain or to domains.

DOME
Dome, n. Etym: [F. dôme, It. duomo, fr. L. domus a house, domus Dei
or Domini, house of the Lord, house of God; akin to Gr. timber. See
Timber.]

1. A building; a house; an edifice; -- used chiefly in poetry.
Approach the dome, the social banquet share. Pope.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A cupola formed on a large scale.

Note: "The Italians apply the term il duomo to the principal church
of a city, and the Germans call every cathedral church Dom; and it is
supposed that the word in its present English sense has crept into
use from the circumstance of such buildings being frequently
surmounted by a cupola." Am. Cyc.

3. Any erection resembling the dome or cupola of a building; as the
upper part of a furnace, the vertical steam chamber on the top of a
boiler, etc.

4. (Crystallog.)

Defn: A prism formed by planes parallel to a lateral axis which meet
above in a horizontal edge, like the roof of a house; also, one of
the planes of such a form.

Note: If the plane is parallel to the longer diagonal (macrodiagonal)
of the prism, it is called a macrodome; if parallel to the shorter
(brachydiagonal), it is a brachydome; if parallel to the inclined
diagonal in a monoclinic crystal, it is called a clinodome; if
parallel to the orthodiagonal axis, an orthodome. Dana.

DOME
Dome, n. Etym: [See Doom.]

Defn: Decision; judgment; opinion; a court decision. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DOMEBOOK
Dome"book`, n. Etym: [Dome doom + book.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A book said to have been compiled under the direction of King
Alfred. It is supposed to have contained the principal maxims of the
common law, the penalties for misdemeanors, and the forms of judicial
proceedings. Domebook was probably a general name for book of
judgments. Burrill.

DOMED
Domed, a.

Defn: Furnished with a dome; shaped like a dome.

DOMESDAY
Domes"day`, n.

Defn: A day of judgment. See Doomsday. [Obs.] Domesday Book, the
ancient record of the survey of most of the lands of England, made by
order of William the Conqueror, about 1086. It consists of two
volumes, a large folio and a quarto, and gives the proprietors'
tenures, arable land, woodland, etc. [Written also Doomsday Book.]

DOMESMAN
Domes"man, n.; pl. Domesmen. Etym: [See Doom.]

Defn: A judge; an umpire. [Obs.]

DOMESTIC
Do*mes"tic, a. Etym: [L. domesticus, fr. domus use: cf. F.
domestique. See 1st Dome.]

1. Of or pertaining to one's house or home, or one's household or
family; relating to home life; as, domestic concerns, life, duties,
cares, happiness, worship, servants.
His fortitude is the more extraordinary, because his domestic
feelings were unusually strong. Macaulay.

4. Of or pertaining to a nation considered as a family or home, or to
one's own country; intestine; not foreign; as, foreign wars and
domestic dissensions. Shak.

3. Remaining much at home; devoted to home duties or pleasures; as, a
domestic man or woman.

4. Living in or near the habitations of man; domesticated; tame as
distinguished from wild; as, domestic animals.

5. Made in one's own house, nation, or country; as, domestic
manufactures, wines, etc.

DOMESTIC
Do*mes"tic, n.

1. One who lives in the family of an other, as hired household
assistant; a house servant.
The master labors and leads an anxious life, to secure plenty and
ease to the domestic. V. Knox.

2. pl. (Com.)

Defn: Articles of home manufacture, especially cotton goods. [U. S.]

DOMESTICAL
Do*mes"tic*al, a.

Defn: Domestic. [Obs.]
Our private and domestical matter. Sir. P. Sidney.

DOMESTICAL
Do*mes"tic*al, n.

Defn: A family; a household. [Obs.]

DOMESTICALLY
Do*mes"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a domestic manner; privately; with reference to domestic
affairs.

DOMESTICANT
Do*mes"ti*cant, a.

Defn: Forming part of the same family. [Obs.] Sir E. Dering.

DOMESTICATE
Do*mes"ti*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Domesticated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Domesticating.] Etym: [LL. domesticatus, p. p. of domesticare to
reside in, to tame. See Domestic, a.]

1. To make domestic; to habituate to home life; as, to domesticate
one's self.

2. To cause to be, as it were, of one's family or country; as, to
domesticate a foreign custom or word.

3. To tame or reclaim from a wild state; as, to domesticate wild
animals; to domesticate a plant.

DOMESTICATION
Do*mes`ti*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. domestication.]

Defn: The act of domesticating, or accustoming to home; the action of
taming wild animals.

DOMESTICATOR
Do*mes"ti*ca`tor, n.

Defn: One who domesticates.

DOMESTICITY
Do`mes*tic"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. domesticitas: cf. F. domesticité.]

Defn: The state of being domestic; domestic character; household
life.

DOMETT
Dom"ett, n.

Defn: A kind of baize of which the ward is cotton and the weft
woolen. Blakely.

DOMEYKITE
Do"mey*kite, n. Etym: [Named after Domeyko, a mineralogist of Chili.]
(Min.)

Defn: A massive mineral of tin-white or steel-gray color, an arsenide
of copper.

DOMICAL
Dom"i*cal, a.

Defn: Relating to, or shaped like, a dome.

DOMICILE
Dom"i*cile, n. Etym: [L. domicilium; domus house + (prob.) root of
celare to conceal: cf. F. domicile. See Dome, and Conceal.]

1. An abode or mansion; a place of permanent residence, either of an
individual or a family.

2. (Law)

Defn: A residence at a particular place accompanied with an intention
to remain there for an unlimited time; a residence accepted as a
final abode. Wharton.

DOMICILE
Dom"i*cile, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Domiciled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Domiciling.] Etym: [Cf. F. domicilier. Cf. Domiciliate.]

Defn: To establish in a fixed residence, or a residence that
constitutes habitancy; to domiciliate. Kent.

DOMICILIAR
Dom`i*cil"i*ar, n.

Defn: A member of a household; a domestic.

DOMICILIARY
Dom`i*cil"i*a*ry, a. Etym: [LL. domiciliarius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a domicile, or the residence of a person or
family.
The personal and domiciliary rights of the citizen scrupulously
guarded. Motley.
Domiciliary visit (Law), a visit to a private dwelling, particularly
for searching it, under authority.

DOMICILIATE
Dom`i*cil"i*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Domiciliated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Domiciliating.] Etym: [See Domicile.]

1. To establish in a permanent residence; to domicile.

2. To domesticate. Pownall.

DOMICILIATION
Dom`i*cil`i*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of domiciliating; permanent residence; inhabitancy.
Milman.

DOMICULTURE
Dom"i*cul`ture, n. Etym: [L. domus house + E. culture. See 1st Dome.]

Defn: The art of house-keeping, cookery, etc. [R.] R. Park.

DOMIFY
Dom"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. domus + -fy: cf. F. domifier.]

1. (Astrol.)

Defn: To divide, as the heavens, into twelve houses. See House, in
astrological sense. [Obs.]

2. To tame; to domesticate. [Obs.] Johnson.

DOMINA
Dom"i*na, n. Etym: [L., lady. See Dame.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: Lady; a lady; -- a title formerly given to noble ladies who
held a barony in their own right. Burrill.

DOMINANCE; DOMINANCY
Dom"i*nance, Dom"i*nan*cy, n.

Defn: Predominance; ascendency; authority.

DOMINANT
Dom"i*nant, a. Etym: [L. dominans, -antis, p. pr. of dominari: cf. F.
dominant. See Dominate.]

Defn: Ruling; governing; prevailing; controlling; predominant; as,
the dominant party, church, spirit, power.
The member of a dominant race is, in his dealings with the subject
race, seldom indeed fraudulent, . . . but imperious, insolent, and
cruel. Macaulay.
Dominant estate or tenement (Law), the estate to which a servitude or
easement is due from another estate, the estate over which the
servitude extends being called the servient estate or tenement.
Bouvier. Wharton's Law Dict.
 -- Dominant owner (Law), one who owns lands on which there is an
easement owned by another.

Syn.
 -- Governing; ruling; controlling; prevailing; predominant;
ascendant.

DOMINANT
Dom"i*nant, n. (Mus.)

Defn: The fifth tone of the scale; thus G is the dominant of C, A of
D, and so on. Dominant chord (Mus.), the chord based upon the
dominant.

DOMINATE
Dom"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dominated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dominating.] Etym: [L. dominatus, p. p. of dominari to dominate, fr.
dominus master, lord. See Dame, and cf. Domineer.]

Defn: To predominate over; to rule; to govern. "A city dominated by
the ax." Dickens.
We everywhere meet with Slavonian nations either dominant or
dominated. W. Tooke.

DOMINATE
Dom"i*nate, v. i.

Defn: To be dominant. Hallam.

DOMINATION
Dom`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [F. domination, L. dominatio.]

1. The act of dominating; exercise of power in ruling; dominion;
supremacy; authority; often, arbitrary or insolent sway.
In such a people, the haugtiness of domination combines with the
spirit of freedom. Burke.

2. A ruling party; a party in power. [R.] Burke.

3. pl.

Defn: A high order of angels in the celestial hierarchy; -- a meaning
given by the schoolmen.
Thrones, dominations, princedoms, virtues, powers. Milton.

DOMINATIVE
Dom"i*na*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. dominatif.]

Defn: Governing; ruling; imperious. Sir E. Sandys.

DOMINATOR
Dom"i*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A ruler or ruling power. "Sole dominator of Navarre." Shak.
Jupiter and Mars are dominators for this northwest part of the world.
Camden.

DOMINE
Dom"i*ne, n. Etym: [See Dominie.]

1. A name given to a pastor of the Reformed Church. The word is also
applied locally in the United States, in colloquial speech, to any
clergyman.

2. Etym: [From Sp. domine a schoolmaster.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West Indian fish (Epinula magistralis), of the family
Trichiuridæ. It is a long-bodied, voracious fish.

DOMINEER
Dom`i*neer", v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Domineered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Domineering.] Etym: [F. dominer, L. dominari: cf. OD. domineren to
feast luxuriously. See Dominate, v. t.]

Defn: To rule with insolence or arbitrary sway; to play the master;
to be overbearing; to tyrannize; to bluster; to swell with conscious
superiority or haughtiness; -- often with over; as, to domineer over
dependents.
Go to the feast, revel and domineer. Shak.
His wishes tend abroad to roam, And hers to domineer at home. Prior.

DOMINEERING
Dom`i*neer"ing, a.

Defn: Ruling arrogantly; overbearing.
A violent, brutal, domineering old reprobate. Blackw. Mag.

Syn.
 -- Haughty; overbearing; lordly. See Imperious.
 -- Dom`i*neer"ing*ly, adv.

DOMINICAL
Do*min"ic*al, a. Etym: [LL. dominicalis, for L. dominicus belonging
to a master or lord (dominica dies the Lord's day), fr. dominus
master or lord: cf. F. dominical. See Dame.]

1. Indicating, or pertaining to, the Lord's day, or Sunday.

2. Relating to, or given by, our Lord; as, the dominical (or Lord's)
prayer. Howell.
Some words altered in the dominical Gospels. Fuller.
Dominical altar (Eccl.), the high altar.
 -- Dominical letter, the letter which, in almanacs, denotes Sunday,
or the Lord's day (dies Domini). The first seven letters of the
alphabet are used for this purpose, the same letter standing for
Sunday during a whole year (except in leap year, when the letter is
changed at the end of February). After twenty-eight years the same
letters return in the same order. The dominical letters go backwards
one day every common year, and two every leap year; e. g., if the
dominical letter of a common year be G, F will be the dominical
letter for the next year. Called also Sunday letter. Cf. Solar cycle,
under Cycle, n.

DOMINICAL
Do*min"ic*al, n.

Defn: The Lord's day or Sunday; also, the Lord's prayer. [Obs.]

DOMINICAN
Do*min"i*can, a. Etym: [NL. Dominicanus, fr. Dominicus, Dominic, the
founder: cf. F. Dominicain.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to St. Dominic (Dominic de Guzman), or to the
religions communities named from him. Dominican nuns, an order of
nuns founded by St. Dominic, and chiefly employed in teaching.
 -- Dominican tertiaries (the third order of St. Dominic). See
Tertiary.

DOMINICAN
Do*min"i*can, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of an order of mendicant monks founded by Dominic de
Guzman, in 1215. A province of the order was established in England
in 1221. The first foundation in the United States was made in 1807.
The Master of the Sacred Palace at Rome is always a Dominican friar.
The Dominicans are called also preaching friars, friars preachers,
black friars (from their black cloak), brothers of St. Mary, and in
France, Jacobins.

DOMINICIDE
Do*min"i*cide, n. Etym: [L. dominus master + caedere to cut down,
kill.]

1. The act of killing a master.

2. One who kills his master.

DOMINIE
Dom"i*nie, n. Etym: [L. dominus master. See Don, Dame.]

1. A schoolmaster; a pedagogue. [Scot.]
This was Abel Sampson, commonly called, from occupation as a
pedagogue, Dominie Sampson. Sir W. Scott.

2. A clergyman. See Domine, 1. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]

DOMINION
Do*min"ion, n. Etym: [LL. dominio, equiv. to L. dominium. See Domain,
Dungeon.]

1. Sovereign or supreme authority; the power of governing and
controlling; independent right of possession, use, and control;
sovereignty; supremacy.
I praised and honored him that liveth forever, whose dominion is an
everlasting dominion. Dan. iv. 34.
To choose between dominion or slavery. Jowett (Thucyd. ).

2. Superior prominence; predominance; ascendency.
Objects placed foremost ought . . . have dominion over things
confused and transient. Dryden.

3. That which is governed; territory over which authority is
exercised; the tract, district, or county, considered as subject; as,
the dominions of a king. Also used figuratively; as, the dominion of
the passions.

4. pl.

Defn: A supposed high order of angels; dominations. See Domination,
3. Milton.
By him were all things created . . . whether they be thrones, or
dominions, or principalities, or powers. Col. i. 16.

Syn.
 -- Sovereignty; control; rule; authority; jurisdiction; government;
territory; district; region.

DOMINION DAY
Do*min"ion Day.

Defn: In Canada, a legal holiday, July lst, being the anniversary of
the proclamation of the formation of the Dominion in 1867.

DOMINO
Dom"i*no, n.; pl. Dominos or (esp. the pieces for a game) Dominoes.
Etym: [F. domino, or It. dominò, or Sp. dominó, fr. L. dominus
master. The domino was orig. a hood worn by the canons of a
cathedral. See Don, Dame.]

1. A kind of hood worn by the canons of a cathedral church; a sort of
amice. Kersey.

2. A mourning veil formerly worn by women.

3. A kind of mask; particularly, a half mask worn at masquerades, to
conceal the upper part of the face. Dominos were formerly worn by
ladies in traveling.

4. A costume worn as a disguise at masquerades, consisting of a robe
with a hood adjustable at pleasure.

5. A person wearing a domino.

6. pl.

Defn: A game played by two or more persons, with twenty-eight pieces
of wood, bone, or ivory, of a flat, oblong shape, plain at the back,
but on the face divided by a line in the middle, and either left
blank or variously dotted after the manner of dice. The game is
played by matching the spots or the blank of an unmatched half of a
domino already played Hoyle.

7. One of the pieces with which the game of dominoes is played.
Hoyle. fall like dominoes. To fall sequentially, as when one object
in a line, by falling against the next object, causes it in turn to
fall, and that second object causes a third to fall, etc.; the
process can be repeated an indefinite number of times. Derived from
an entertainment using dominoes arranged in a row, each standing on
edge and therefore easily knocked over; when the first is made to
fall against the next, it starts a sequence which ends when all have
fallen. For amusement, people have arranged such sequences involving
thousands of dominoes, arrayed in fanciful patterns. Domino theory. A
political theory current in the 1960's, according to which the
conversion of one country in South Asia to communism will start a
sequential process causing all Asian countries to convert to
Communism. The apparent assumption was that an Asian country with a
Western orientation was as politically unstable as a domino standing
on edge. Used by some as a justification for American involvement in
the Vietnam war, 1964-1972.

DOMINO WHIST
Dom"i*no whist.

Defn: A game of cards in which the suits are played in sequence,
beginning with a 5 or 9, the player who gets rid of his cards first
being the winner.

DOMINUS
Dom"i*nus, n.; pl. Domini. Etym: [L., master. See Dame.]

Defn: Master; sir; -- a title of respect formerly applied to a knight
or a clergyman, and sometimes to the lord of a manor. Cowell.

DOMITABLE
Dom"i*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. domitare to tame, fr. domare.]

Defn: That can be tamed. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

DOMITE
Do"mite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A grayish variety of trachyte; -- so called from the Puy-de-
Dôme in Auvergne, France, where it is found.

DON
Don, n. Etym: [Sp. don; akin to Pg. dom, It. donno; fr. L. dominus
master. See Dame, and cf. Domine, Dominie, Domino, Dan, Dom.]

1. Sir; Mr; Signior; -- a title in Spain, formerly given to noblemen
and gentlemen only, but now common to all classes.
Don is used in Italy, though not so much as in Spain France talks of
Dom Calmet, England of Dom Calmet, England of Dan Lydgate. Oliphant.

2. A grand personage, or one making pretension to consequence;
especially, the head of a college, or one of the fellows at the
English universities. [Univ. Cant] "The great dons of wit." Dryden.

DON
Don, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Donned; p. pr. & vb. n. Donning.] Etym: [Do
+ on; -- opposed to doff. See Do, v. t., 7.]

Defn: To put on; to dress in; to invest one's self with.
Should I don this robe and trouble you. Shak.
At night, or in the rain, He dons a surcoat which he doffs at morn.
Emerson.

DONA; DONYA
Do"ña, n. Etym: [Sp. doña. See Duenna.]

Defn: Lady; mistress; madam; -- a title of respect used in Spain,
prefixed to the Christian name of a lady.

DONABLE
Do"na*ble, a. Etym: [L. donabilis, fr. donare to donate.]

Defn: Capable of being donated or given. [R.]

DONARY
Do"na*ry, n. Etym: [L. donarium, fr. donare.]

Defn: A thing given to a sacred use. [R.] Burton.

DONAT
Don"at, n. Etym: [From Donatus, a famous grammarian.]

Defn: A grammar. [Obs.] [Written also donet.]

DONATARY
Don"a*ta*ry, n.

Defn: See Donatory.

DONATE
Do"nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Donated; p. pr. & vb. n. Donating.]
Etym: [L. donatus, p. p. of donare to donate, fr. donum gift, fr.
dare to give. See 2d Date.]

Defn: To give; to bestow; to present; as, to donate fifty thousand
dollars to a college.

DONATION
Do*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. donatio; cf. F. donation.]

1. The act of giving or bestowing; a grant.
After donation there an absolute change and alienation of the
property of the thing given. South.

2. That which is given as a present; that which is transferred to
another gratuitously; a gift.
And some donation freely to estate On the bless'd lovers. Shak.

3. (Law)

Defn: The act or contract by which a person voluntarily transfers the
title to a thing of which be is the owner, from himself to another,
without any consideration, as a free gift. Bouvier. Donation party, a
party assembled at the house of some one, as of a clergyman, each one
bringing some present. [U.S.] Bartlett.

Syn.
 -- Gift; present; benefaction; grant. See Gift.

DONATISM
Don"a*tism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. Donatisme.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The tenets of the Donatists.

DONATIST
Don"a*tist, n. Etym: [LL. Donatista: cf. F. Donatiste.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Donatus, the leader of a body of North African
schismatics and purists, who greatly disturbed the church in the 4th
century. They claimed to be the true church.

DONATISTIC
Don`a*tis"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Donatism.

DONATIVE
Don"a*tive, n. Etym: [L. donativum, fr. donare: cf. F. donatif. See
Donate.]

1. A gift; a largess; a gratuity; a present. "The Romans were
entertained with shows and donatives." Dryden.

2. (Eccl. Law)

Defn: A benefice conferred on a person by the founder or patron,
without either presentation or institution by the ordinary, or
induction by his orders. See the Note under Benefice, n.,

3.

DONATIVE
Don"a*tive, a.

Defn: Vested or vesting by donation; as, a donative advowson.
Blackstone.

DONATOR
Do*na"tor, n. Etym: [L. Cf. Donor.] (Law)

Defn: One who makes a gift; a donor; a giver.

DONATORY
Don"a*to*ry, n. (Scots Law)

Defn: A donee of the crown; one the whom, upon certain condition,
escheated property is made over.

DO-NAUGHT
Do"-naught`, n. Etym: [Do + naught.]

Defn: A lazy, good-for-nothing fellow.

DONAX
Do"nax, n. Etym: [L., reed, also a sea fish, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A canelike grass of southern Europe (Arundo Donax), used for
fishing rods, etc.

DONCELLA
Don*cel"la, n. Etym: [Sp., lit., a maid. Cf. Damsel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A handsome fish of Florida and the West Indies (Platyglossus
radiatus). The name is applied also to the ladyfish (Harpe rufa) of
the same region.

DONE
Done,

Defn: p. p. from Do, and formerly the infinitive.

1. Performed; executed; finished.

2. It is done or agreed; let it be a match or bargain; -- used
elliptically. Done brown, a phrase in cookery; applied figuratively
to one who has been thoroughly deceived, cheated, or fooled.
[Colloq.] -- Done for, tired out; used up; collapsed; destroyed;
dead; killed. [Colloq.] -- Done up. (a) Wrapped up. (b) Worn out;
exhausted. [Colloq.]

DONE
Done, a. Etym: [Prob. corrupted from OF. doné, F. donné, p. p. of OF.
doner, F. donner, to give, issue, fr. L. donare to give. See Donate,
and cf. Donee.]

Defn: Given; executed; issued; made public; -- used chiefly in the
clause giving the date of a proclamation or public act.

DONEE
Do*nee", n. Etym: [OF. doné, F. donné, p. p. See the preceding word.]

1. The person to whom a gift or donation is made.

2. (Law)

Defn: Anciently, one to whom lands were given; in later use, one to
whom lands and tenements are given in tail; in modern use, one on
whom a power is conferred for execution; -- sometimes called the
appointor.

DONET
Don"et, n.

Defn: Same as Donat. Piers Plowman.

DONGOLA
Don"go*la, n.

1. A government of Upper Egypt.

2.  Dongola kid.

Dongola kid, D. leather, leather made by the Dongola process. -- D.
process, a process of tanning goatskin, and now also calfskin and
sheepskin, with a combination of vegetable and mineral agents, so
that it resembles kid. -- D. race, a boat race in which the crews are
composed of a number of pairs, usually of men and women.

DONI
Do"ni, n. Etym: [Tamil t.] (Naut.)

Defn: A clumsy craft, having one mast with a long sail, used for
trading purposes on the coasts of Coromandel and Ceylon. [Written
also dhony, doney, and done.]

Balfour.

DONIFEROUS
Do*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. donum gift + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing gifts. [R.]

DONJON
Don"jon, n. Etym: [See Dungeon.]

Defn: The chief tower, also called the keep; a massive tower in
ancient castles, forming the strongest part of the fortifications.
See Illust. of Castle.

DONKEY
Don"key, n.; pl. Donkeys. Etym: [Prob. dun, in allusion to the color
of the animal + a dim. termination.]

1. An ass; or (less frequently) a mule.

2. A stupid or obstinate fellow; an ass. Donkey engine, a small
auxiliary engine not used for propelling, but for pumping water into
the boilers, raising heavy weights, and like purposes.
 -- Donkey pump, a steam pump for feeding boilers, extinguishing
fire, etc.; -- usually an auxiliary.
 -- Donkey's eye (Bot.), the large round seed of the Mucuna pruriens,
a tropical leguminous plant.

DONNA
Don"na, n. Etym: [It. donna, L. domina. See Don, Dame.]

Defn: A lady; madam; mistress; -- the title given a lady in Italy.

DONNAT
Don"nat, n. Etym: [Corrupted from do-naught.]

Defn: See Do-naught. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

DONNEE
Don`née", n. [F., fr. donner to give.]

Defn: Lit., given; hence, in a literary work, as a drama or tale,
that which is assumed as to characters, situation, etc., as a basis
for the plot or story.  W. E. Henley.

That favorite romance donnée of the heir kept out of his own.
Saintsbury.

DONNISM
Don"nism, n. Etym: [Don, n., 2.]

Defn: Self-importance; loftiness of carriage. [Cant, Eng.
Universities]

DONOR
Do"nor, n. Etym: [F. donneur, OF. daneor, fr. donner. See Donee, and
cf. Donator.]

1. One who gives or bestows; one who confers anything gratuitously; a
benefactor.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who grants an estate; in later use, one who confers a
power; -- the opposite of donee. Kent.
Touching, the parties unto deeds and charters, we are to consider as
well the donors and granters as the donees or grantees. Spelman.

DO-NOTHING
Do"-noth`ing, a.

Defn: Doing nothing; inactive; idle; lazy; as, a do-nothing policy.

DO-NOTHINGISM; DO-NOTHINGNESS
Do"-noth`ing*ism, Do"-noth`ing*ness, n.

Defn: Inactivity; habitual sloth; idleness. [Jocular] Carlyle. Miss
Austen.

DONSHIP
Don"ship, n.

Defn: The quality or rank of a don, gentleman, or knight. Hudibras.

DONZEL
Don"zel, n. Etym: [Cf. It. donzello, Sp. doncel, OF. danzel. See
Damsel, Don, n.]

Defn: A young squire, or knight's attendant; a page. [Obs.] Beau. &
Fl.

DOO
Doo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dove. [Scot.]

DOOB GRASS
Doob" grass`. Etym: [Hind. d.] (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial, creeping grass (Cynodon dactylon), highly prized,
in Hindostan, as food for cattle, and acclimated in the United
States. [Written also doub grass.]

DOODLE
Doo"dle, n. Etym: [Cf. Dawdle.]

Defn: A trifler; a simple fellow.

DOODLESACK
Doo"dle*sack`, n. Etym: [Cf. G. dudelsack.]

Defn: The Scotch bagpipe. [Prov. Eng.]

DOOLE
Doole, n.

Defn: Sorrow; dole. [Obs.] Spenser.

DOOLY
Doo"ly, n.; pl. Doolies. Etym: [Skr. d.]

Defn: A kind of litter suspended from men's shoulders, for carrying
persons or things; a palanquin. [Written also doolee and doolie.]
[East Indies]
Having provided doolies, or little bamboo chairs slung on four men's
shoulders, in which I put my papers and boxes, we next morning
commenced the ascent. J. D. Hooker.

DOOM
Doom, n. Etym: [As. d; akin to OS. d, OHG. tuom, Dan. & Sw. dom,
Icel. d, Goth. d, Gr. do, v. t. Do, v. t., and cf. Deem, -dom.]

1. Judgment; judicial sentence; penal decree; condemnation.
The first dooms of London provide especially the recovery of cattle
belonging to the citizens. J. R. Green.
Now against himself he sounds this doom. Shak.

2. That to which one is doomed or sentenced; destiny or fate, esp.
unhappy destiny; penalty.
Ere Hector meets his doom. Pope.
And homely household task shall be her doom. Dryden.

3. Ruin; death.
This is the day of doom for Bassianus. Shak.

4. Discriminating opinion or judgment; discrimination; discernment;
decision. [Obs.]
And there he learned of things and haps to come, To give
foreknowledge true, and certain doom. Fairfax.

Syn.
 -- Sentence; condemnation; decree; fate; destiny; lot; ruin;
destruction.

DOOM
Doom, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Doomed; p. pr. & vb. n. Dooming.]

1. To judge; to estimate or determine as a judge. [Obs.] Milton.

2. To pronounce sentence or judgment on; to condemn; to consign by a
decree or sentence; to sentence; as, a criminal doomed to chains or
death.
Absolves the just, and dooms the guilty souls. Dryden.

3. To ordain as penalty; hence, to mulct or fine.
Have I tongue to doom my brother's death Shak.

4. To assess a tax upon, by estimate or at discretion. [New England]
J. Pickering.

5. To destine; to fix irrevocably the destiny or fate of; to appoint,
as by decree or by fate.
A man of genius . . . doomed to struggle with difficulties. Macaulay.

DOOMAGE
Doom"age, n.

Defn: A penalty or fine for neglect. [Local, New England]

DOOMFUL
Doom"ful, a.

Defn: Full of condemnation or destructive power. [R.] "That doomful
deluge." Drayton.

DOOM PALM
Doom" palm`. Etym: [Ar. daum, dum: cf. F. doume.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of palm tree (Hyphæne Thebaica), highly valued for
the fibrous pulp of its fruit, which has the flavor of gingerbread,
and is largely eaten in Egypt and Abyssinia. [Written also doum
palm.]

DOOMSDAY
Dooms"day`, n. Etym: [AS. d. See Doom, and Day.]

1. A day of sentence or condemnation; day of death. "My body's
doomsday." Shak.

2. The day of the final judgment.
I could not tell till doomsday. Chaucer.
Doomsday Book. See Domesday Book.

DOOMSMAN
Dooms"man, n. Etym: [Doom + man.]

Defn: A judge; an umpire. [Obs.] Hampole.

DOOMSTER
Doom"ster, n.

Defn: Same as Dempster. [Scot.]

DOOR
Door, n. Etym: [OE. dore, dure, AS. duru; akin to OS. dura, dor, D.
deur, OHG. turi, door, tor gate, G. thür, thor, Icel. dyrr, Dan. dör,
Sw. dörr, Goth. daur, Lith. durys, Russ. dvere, Olr. dorus, L. fores,
Gr. dur, dvara. . Cf. Foreign.]

1. An opening in the wall of a house or of an apartment, by which to
go in and out; an entrance way.
To the same end, men several paths may tread, As many doors into one
temple lead. Denham.

2. The frame or barrier of boards, or other material, usually turning
on hinges, by which an entrance way into a house or apartment is
closed and opened.
At last he came unto an iron door That fast was locked. Spenser.

3. Passage; means of approach or access.
I am the door; by me if any man enter in, he shall be saved. John x.
9.

4. An entrance way, but taken in the sense of the house or apartment
to which it leads.
Martin's office is now the second door in the street. Arbuthnot.
Blank door, Blind door, etc. (Arch.) See under Blank, Blind, etc.
 -- In doors, or Within doors, within the house.
 -- Next door to, near to; bordering on.
A riot unpunished is but next door to a tumult. L'Estrange.
-- Out of doors, or Without doors, and, colloquially, Out doors, out
of the house; in open air; abroad; away; lost.
His imaginary title of fatherhood is out of doors. Locke.
-- To lay (a fault, misfortune, etc.) at one's door, to charge one
with a fault; to blame for.
 -- To lie at one's door, to be imputable or chargeable to.
If I have failed, the fault lies wholly at my door. Dryden.

Note: Door is used in an adjectival construction or as the first part
of a compound (with or without the hyphen), as, door frame, doorbell
or door bell, door knob or doorknob, door latch or doorlatch, door
jamb, door handle, door mat, door panel.

DOORCASE
Door"case`, n.

Defn: The surrounding frame into which a door shuts.

DOORCHEEK
Door"cheek`, n.

Defn: The jamb or sidepiece of a door. Ex. xii. 22 (Douay version).

DOORGA
Door"ga, n. Etym: [Skr. Durga.] (Myth.)

Defn: A Hindoo divinity, the consort of Siva, represented with ten
arms. [Written also Durga.] Malcom.

DOORING
Door"ing, n.

Defn: The frame of a door. Milton.

DOORKEEPER
Door"keep`er, n.

Defn: One who guards the entrance of a house or apartment; a porter;
a janitor.

DOORLESS
Door"less, a.

Defn: Without a door.

DOORNAIL
Door"nail`, n.

Defn: The nail or knob on which in ancient doors the knocker struck;
-- hence the old saying, "As dead as a doornail."

DOORPLANE
Door"plane`, n.

Defn: A plane on a door, giving the name, and sometimes the
employment, of the occupant.

DOORPOST
Door"post`, n.

Defn: The jamb or sidepiece of a doorway.

DOORSILL
Door"sill`, n.

Defn: The sill or threshold of a door.

DOORSTEAD
Door"stead, n.

Defn: Entrance or place of a door. [Obs. or Local] Bp. Warburton.

DOORSTEP
Door"step`, n.

Defn: The stone or plank forming a step before an outer door.

DOORSTONE
Door"stone`, n.

Defn: The stone forming a threshold.

DOORSTOP
Door"stop`, n. (Carp.)

Defn: The block or strip of wood or similar material which stops, at
the right place, the shutting of a door.

DOORWAY
Door"way`, n.

Defn: The passage of a door; entrance way into a house or a room.

DOORYARD
Door"yard`, n.

Defn: A yard in front of a house or around the door of a house.

DOP; DOOP
Dop, Doop, n.

Defn: A little copper cup in which a diamond is held while being cut.

DOP
Dop, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Dap, Dip.]

Defn: To dip. [Obs.] Walton.

DOP
Dop, n.

Defn: A dip; a low courtesy. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

DOPE
Dope (dop), n. [D. doop a dipping, fr. doopen to dip. Cf. Dip.]

1. Any thick liquid or pasty preparation, as of opium for medicinal
purposes, of grease for a lubricant, etc.

2.  Any preparation, as of opium, used to stupefy or, in the case of
a race horse, to stimulate. [Slang or Cant]

3.  An absorbent material; esp., in high explosives, the sawdust,
infusorial earth, mica, etc., mixed with nitroglycerin to make a damp
powder (dynamite, etc.) less dangerous to transport, and ordinarily
explosive only by suitable fulminating caps.

4.  Information concerning the previous performances of race horses,
or other facts concerning them which may be of assistance in judging
of their chances of winning future races; sometimes, similar
information concerning other sports. [Sporting Slang]

DOPE
Dope, v. t.

1. To treat or affect with dope; as, to dope nitroglycerin; specif.:
 (a) To give stupefying drugs to; to drug. [Slang]
 (b) To administer a stimulant to (a horse) to increase his speed. It
is a serious offense against the laws of racing. [Race-track Slang]

2.  To judge or guess; to predict the result of, as by the aid of
dope. [Slang]

DOPE-BOOK
Dope"-book`, n.

Defn: A chart of previous performances, etc., of race horses. [Race-
track Slang]

DOPEY
Dop"ey, a.

Defn: Affected by "dope"; esp., sluggish or dull as though under the
influence of a narcotic. [Slang]

DOPPELGANGER
Dop"pel*gäng`er, n. [G.]

Defn: A spiritual or ghostly double or counterpart; esp., an
apparitional double of a living person; a cowalker.

DOPPER
Dop"per, n. Etym: [D. dooper.] [Written also doper.]

Defn: An Anabaptist or Baptist. [Contemptuous] B. Jonson.

DOPPLERITE
Dop"pler*ite, n. Etym: [Named after the physicist and mathematician
Christian Doppler.] (Min.)

Defn: A brownish black native hydrocarbon occurring in elastic or
jellylike masses.

DOQUET
Doq"uet, n.

Defn: A warrant. See Docket.

DOR
Dor, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. dora drone, locust, D. tor beetle, L. taurus a
kind of beetle. Cf. Dormouse.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large European scaraboid beetle (Geotrupes stercorarius),
which makes a droning noise while flying. The name is also applied to
allied American species, as the June bug. Called also dorr,
dorbeetle, or dorrbeetle, dorbug, dorrfly, and buzzard clock.

DOR
Dor, n. Etym: [Cf. Dor a beetle, and Hum, Humbug.]

Defn: A trick, joke, or deception. Beau. & Fl. To give one the dor,
to make a fool of him. [Archaic] P. Fletcher.

DOR
Dor, v. t.

Defn: To make a fool of; to deceive. [Obs.] [Written also dorr.] B.
Jonson.

DORADO
Do*ra"do, n. Etym: [Sp. dorado gilt, fr. dorar to gild, fr. L.
deaurare. See 1st Dory, and cf. Fl Dorado.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: A southern constellation, within which is the south pole of the
ecliptic; -- called also sometimes Xiphias, or the Swordfish.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, oceanic fish of the genus Coryphæna.

DORBEETLE
Dor"bee`tle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See 1st Dor.

DOREE
Do"ree, n. Etym: [See Dory.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European marine fish (Zeus faber), of a yellow color. See
Illust. of John Doree.

Note: The popular name in England is John Doree, or Dory, well known
to be a corruption of F. jaune-dorée, i. e., golden-yellow. See 1st
Dory.

DORETREE
Dore"tree`, n.

Defn: A doorpost. [Obs.] "As dead as a doretree." Piers Plowman.

DORHAWK
Dor"hawk`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European goatsucker; -- so called because it eats the dor
beetle. See Goatsucker. [Written also dorrhawk.] Booth.

DORIAN
Do"ri*an, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks of Doris; Doric; as, a
Dorian fashion.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Same as Doric, 3. "Dorian mood." Milton. Dorian mode (Mus.),
the first of the authentic church modes or tones, from D to D,
resembling our D minor scale, but with the B natural. Grove.

DORIAN
Do"ri*an, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Doris in Greece.

DORIC
Dor"ic, a. Etym: [L. Doricus, Gr.

1. Pertaining to Doris, in ancient Greece, or to the Dorians; as, the
Doric dialect.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, the oldest and simplest of the
three orders of architecture used by the Greeks, but ranked as second
of the five orders adopted by the Romans. See Abacus, Capital, Order.

Note: This order is distinguished, according to the treatment of
details, as Grecian Doric, or Roman Doric.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: Of or relating to one of the ancient Greek musical modes or
keys. Its character was adapted both to religions occasions and to
war.

DORIC
Dor"ic, n.

Defn: The Doric dialect.

DORICISM
Dor"i*cism, n.

Defn: A Doric phrase or idiom.

DORIS
Do"ris, n. Etym: [L. Doris, the daughter of Oceanus, and wife of
Nereus, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of nudibranchiate mollusks having a wreath of branchiæ
on the back.

DORISM
Do"rism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A Doric phrase or idiom.

DORKING FOWL
Dor"king fowl`. Etym: [From the town of Dorking in England.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a breed of large-bodied domestic fowls, having five
toes, or the hind toe double. There are several strains, as the
white, gray, and silver-gray. They are highly esteemed for the table.

DORMANCY
Dor"man*cy, n. Etym: [From Dormant.]

Defn: The state of being dormant; quiescence; abeyance.

DORMANT
Dor"mant, a. Etym: [F., p. pr. of dormir to sleep, from L. dormire;
cf. Gr. dra, OSlav. dr.]

1. Sleeping; as, a dormant animal; hence, not in action or exercise;
quiescent; at rest; in abeyance; not disclosed, asserted, or insisted
on; as, dormant passions; dormant claims or titles.
It is by lying dormant a long time, or being . . . very rarely
exercised, that arbitrary power steals upon a people. Burke.

2. (Her.)

Defn: In a sleeping posture; as, a lion dormant; -- distinguished
from couchant. Dormant partner (Com.), a partner who takes no share
in the active business of a company or partnership, but is entitled
to a share of the profits, and subject to a share in losses; --
called also sleeping or silent partner.
 -- Dormant window (Arch.), a dormer window. See Dormer.
 -- Table dormant, a stationary table. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DORMANT
Dor"mant, n. Etym: [See Dormant, a.] (Arch.)

Defn: A large beam in the roof of a house upon which portions of the
other timbers rest or " sleep." Arch. Pub. Soc.
 -- Called also dormant tree, dorman tree, dormond, and dormer.
Halliwell.

DORMER; DORMER WINDOW
Dor"mer, or Dor"mer win"dow (, n. Etym: [Literally, the window of a
sleeping apartment. F. dormir to sleep. See Dormant, a. & n.] (Arch.)

Defn: A window pierced in a roof, and so set as to be vertical while
the roof slopes away from it. Also, the gablet, or houselike
structure, in which it is contained.

DORMITIVE
Dor"mi*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. dormitif, fr. dormire to sleep.]

Defn: Causing sleep; as, the dormitive properties of opium. Clarke.
 -- n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine to promote sleep; a soporific; an opiate.

DORMITORY
Dor"mi*to*ry, n.; pl. Dormitories. Etym: [L. dormitorium, fr.
dormitorius of or for sleeping, fr. dormire to sleep. See Dormant.]

1. A sleeping room, or a building containing a series of sleeping
rooms; a sleeping apartment capable of containing many beds; esp.,
one connected with a college or boarding school. Thackeray.

2. A burial place. [Obs.] Ayliffe.
My sister was interred in a very honorable manner in our dormitory,
joining to the parish church. Evelyn.

DORMOUSE
Dor"mouse, n.; pl. Dormice. Etym: [Perh. fr. F. dormir to sleep
(Prov. E. dorm to doze) + E. mouse; or perh. changed fr. F. dormeuse,
fem., a sleeper, though not found in the sense of a dormouse.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European rodent of the genus Myoxus, of several
species. They live in trees and feed on nuts, acorns, etc.; -- so
called because they are usually torpid in winter.

DORMY
Dor"my, a. [Origin uncertain.] (Golf)

Defn: Up, or ahead, as many holes as remain to be played; -- said of
a player or side.

 A player who is dormy can not be beaten, and at the worst must halve
the match. Encyc. of Sport.

DORN
Dorn, n. Etym: [Cf. G. dorn thorn, D. doorn, and G. dornfisch
stickleback.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A British ray; the thornback.

DORNICK; DORNOCK
Dor"nick, or Dor"nock, n.

Defn: A coarse sort of damask, originally made at Tournay (in
Flemish, Doornick), Belgium, and used for hangings, carpets, etc.
Also, a stout figured linen manufactured in Scotland. [Formerly
written also darnex, dornic, dorneck, etc.] Halliwell. Jamieson.

Note: Ure says that dornock, a kind of stout figured linen, derives
its name from a town in Scotland where it was first manufactured for
tablecloths.

DORP
Dorp, n. Etym: [LG. & D. dorp. See Thorpe.]

Defn: A hamlet. "A mean fishing dorp." Howell.

DORR
Dorr, n.

Defn: The dorbeetle; also, a drone or an idler. See 1st Dor. Robynson
(More's Utopia).

DORR
Dorr, v. t.

1. To deceive. [Obs.] See Dor, v. t.

2. To deafen with noise. [Obs.] Halliwell.

DORRFLY
Dorr"fly`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See 1st Dor.

DORRHAWK
Dorr"hawk`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Dorhawk.

DORSAD
Dor"sad, adv. Etym: [Dorsum +L. ad towards.] (Anat.)

Defn: Toward the dorsum or back; on the dorsal side; dorsally.

DORSAL
Dor"sal, a. Etym: [F. dorsal, LL. dorsalis, fr. L. dorsualis, fr.
dorsum back; cf. Gr. Dorse, Dorsel, Dosel.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or situated near, the back, or dorsum, of an
animal or of one of its parts; notal; tergal; neural; as, the dorsal
fin of a fish; the dorsal artery of the tongue; -- opposed to
ventral.

2. (Bot.)
(a) Pertaining to the surface naturally inferior, as of a leaf.
(b) Pertaining to the surface naturally superior, as of a creeping
hepatic moss. Dorsal vessel (Zoöl.), a central pulsating blood vessel
along the back of insects, acting as a heart.

DORSAL
Dor"sal, n. Etym: [LL. dorsale, neut. fr. dorsalis. See Dorsal, a.]
(Fine Arts)

Defn: A hanging, usually of rich stuff, at the back of a throne, or
of an altar, or in any similar position.

DORSALE
Dor"sale, n.

Defn: Same as Dorsal, n.

DORSALLY
Dor"sal*ly, adv. (Anat.)

Defn: On, or toward, the dorsum, or back; on the dorsal side of;
dorsad.

DORSE
Dorse, n. Etym: [Cf. L. dorsum the back. See Dorsel, Dosel.]

1. Same as dorsal, n. [Obs.]

2. The back of a book. [Obs.]
Books, all richly bound, with gilt dorses. Wood.

DORSE
Dorse, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Baltic or variable cod (Gadus callarias), by some believed
to be the young of the common codfish.

DORSEL
Dor"sel, n. Etym: [See Dosser.]

1. A pannier.

2. Same as Dorsal, n.

DORSER
Dor"ser, n.

Defn: See Dosser.

DORSIBRANCHIATA
dor`si*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. dorsum back +
branchiae gills.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of chætopod annelids in which the branchiæ are along
the back, on each side, or on the parapodia. [See Illusts. under
Annelida and Chætopoda.]

DORSIBRANCHIATE
Dor`si*bran"chi*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having branchiæ along the back; belonging to the
Dorsibranchiata.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Dorsibranchiata.

DORSIFEROUS
Dor*sif"er*ous,. Etym: [Dorsum + -ferous; cf. F. dorsifère.] (Biol.)

Defn: Bearing, or producing, on the back; -- applied to ferns which
produce seeds on the back of the leaf, and to certain Batrachia, the
ova of which become attached to the skin of the back of the parent,
where they develop; dorsiparous.

DORSIMESON
Dor`si*mes"on, n. Etym: [Dorsum + meson.]

Defn: (Anat.) See Meson.

DORSIPAROUS
Dor*sip"a*rous, a. Etym: [Dorsum + L. parere to bring forth.] (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Dorsiferous.

DORSIVENTRAL
Dor`si*ven"tral, a. Etym: [Dorsum + ventral.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Having distinct upper and lower surfaces, as most common
leaves. The leaves of the iris are not dorsiventral.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: See Dorsoventral.

DORSOVENTRAL
Dor`so*ven"tral, a. Etym: [dorsum + ventral.] (Anat.)

Defn: From the dorsal to the ventral side of an animal; as, the
dorsoventral axis.

DORSUM
Dor"sum, n. Etym: [L.]

1. The ridge of a hill.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The back or dorsal region of an animal; the upper side of an
appendage or part; as, the dorsum of the tongue.

DORTOUR; DORTURE
Dor"tour, Dor"ture, n. Etym: [F. dortoir, fr. L. dormitorium.]

Defn: A dormitory. [Obs.] Bacon.

DORY
Do"ry, n.; pl. Dories. Etym: [Named from 1st color, fr. F. dorée
gilded, fr. dorer to gild, L. deaurare. See Deaurate, and cf.
Aureole.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European fish. See Doree, and John Doree.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American wall-eyed perch; -- called also doré. See Pike
perch.

DORY
Do"ry, n.; pl. Dories (.

Defn: A small, strong, flat-bottomed rowboat, with sharp prow and
flaring sides.

DORYPHORA
Do*ryph"o*ra, n. Etym: [NL. See Doryphoros.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of plant-eating beetles, including the potato beetle.
See Potato beetle.

DORYPHOROS
Do*ryph"o*ros, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Fine Arts)

Defn: A spear bearer; a statue of a man holding a spear or in the
attitude of a spear bearer. Several important sculptures of this
subject existed in antiquity, copies of which remain to us.

DOSAGE
Dos"age (dos"ayj), n. [Cf. F. dosage. See Dose, v.]

1.  (Med.)

Defn: The administration of medicine in doses; specif., a scheme or
system of grading doses of medicine according to age, etc.

2.  The process of adding some ingredient, as to wine, to give
flavor, character, or strength.

DOS--DOS
Dos`-à-dos", adv. [F.]

Defn: Back to back; as, to sit dos-à-dos in a dogcart; to dance dos-
à-dos, or so that two dancers move forward and pass back to back.

DOS--DOS
Dos`-à-dos", n.

Defn: A sofa, open carriage, or the like, so constructed that the
occupants sit back to back.

DOSE
Dose, n. Etym: [F. dose, Gr. dare to give. See Date point of time.]

1. The quantity of medicine given, or prescribed to be taken, at one
time.

2. A sufficient quantity; a portion; as much as one can take, or as
falls to one to receive.

3. Anything nauseous that one is obliged to take; a disagreeable
portion thrust upon one.
I am for curing the world by gentle alteratives, not by violent
doses. W. Irving.
I dare undertake that as fulsome a dose as you give him, he shall
readily take it down. South.

DOSE
Dose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dosed; p. pr. & vb. n. dosing.] Etym: [Cf.
F. doser. See Dose, n.]

1. To proportion properly (a medicine), with reference to the patient
or the disease; to form into suitable doses.

2. To give doses to; to medicine or physic to; to give potions to,
constantly and without need.
A self-opinioned physician, worse than his distemper, who shall dose,
and bleed, and kill him, "secundum artem." South

3. To give anything nauseous to.

DOSEL
Dos"el, n. Etym: [OF. dossel; cf. LL. dorsale. See Dorsal, and cf.
Dorse, Dorsel.]

Defn: Same as Dorsal, n. [R.]

DOSIMETRY
Do*sim"e*try, n. [NL. dosis dose + -metry.] (Med.)

Defn: Measurement of doses; specif., a system of therapeutics which
uses but few remedies, mostly alkaloids, and gives them in doses
fixed by certain rules. --Do`si*met"ric (#), a. --Do*sim"e*trist (#),
n.

DOSOLOGY
Do*sol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Dose +-logy.]

Defn: Posology. [R.] Ogilvie.

DOSS
Doss, n. [Etym. uncertain.]

Defn: A place to sleep in; a bed; hence, sleep. [Slang]

DOSSEL
Dos"sel, n. Etym: [See Dosel, n.]

Defn: Same as Dorsal, n.

DOSSER
Dos"ser, n. Etym: [LL. dosserum, or F.dossier bundle of papers, part
of a basket resting on the back, fr. L. dorsum back. See Dorsal, and
cf. Dosel.] [Written also dorser and dorsel.]

1. A pannier, or basket.
To hire a ripper's mare, and buy new dossers. Beau. & Fl.

2. A hanging tapestry; a dorsal.

DOSS HOUSE
Doss house.

Defn: A cheap lodging house.

They [street Arabs] consort together and sleep in low doss houses
where they meet with all kinds of villainy.
W. Besant.

DOSSIER
Dos`sier" (dos`syay"; E. dos"si*er), n. [F., back of a thing, bulging
bundle of papers, fr. dos back.]

Defn: A bundle containing the papers in reference to some matter.

DOSSIL
Dos"sil, n. Etym: [OE. dosil faucet of a barrel, OF. dosil, duisil,
spigot, LL. diciculus, ducillus, fr. L. ducere to lead, draw. See
Duct, Duke.]

1. (Surg.)

Defn: A small ovoid or cylindrical roil or pledget of lint, for
keeping a sore, wound, etc., open; a tent.

2. (Printing)

Defn: A roll of cloth for wiping off the face of a copperplate,
leaving the ink in the engraved lines.

DOST
Dost, 2d pers. sing. pres.

Defn: of Do.

DOT
Dot, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. dos, dotis, dowry. See Dower, and cf. Dote
dowry.] (Law)

Defn: A marriage portion; dowry. [Louisiana]

DOT
Dot, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. dott small spot, speck; of uncertain origin.]

1. A small point or spot, made with a pen or other pointed
instrument; a speck, or small mark.

2. Anything small and like a speck comparatively; a small portion or
specimen; as, a dot of a child.

DOT
Dot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Dotting.]

1. To mark with dots or small spots; as, to dot a line.

2. To mark or diversify with small detached objects; as, a landscape
dotted with cottages.

DOT
Dot, v. i.

Defn: To make dots or specks.

DOTAGE
Do"tage, n. Etym: [From Dote, v. i.]

1. Feebleness or imbecility of understanding or mind, particularly in
old age; the childishness of old age; senility; as, a venerable man,
now in his dotage.
Capable of distinguishing between the infancy and the dotage of Greek
literature. Macaulay.

2. Foolish utterance; drivel.
The sapless dotages of old Paris and Salamanca. Milton.

3. Excessive fondness; weak and foolish affection.
The dotage of the nation on presbytery. Bp. Burnet.

DOTAL
Do"tal, a. Etym: [L. dotalis, fr. dos, dotis, dowry: cf. F. dotal.
See Dot dowry.]

Defn: Pertaining to dower, or a woman's marriage portion;
constituting dower, or comprised in it. Garth.

DOTANT
Do"tant, n.

Defn: A dotard. [Obs.] Shak.

DOTARD
Do"tard, n. Etym: [Dote, v. i.]

Defn: One whose mind is impaired by age; one in second childhood.
The sickly dotard wants a wife. Prior.

DOTARDLY
Do"tard*ly, a.

Defn: Foolish; weak. Dr. H. More.

DOTARY
Do"ta*ry, n.

Defn: A dotard's weakness; dotage. [Obs.] Drayton.

DOTATION
Do*ta"tion, n. Etym: [LL. dotatio, fr. L. dotare to endow, fr. dos,
dotis, dower: cf. F. dotation. See Dot dowry.]

1. The act of endowing, or bestowing a marriage portion on a woman.

2. Endowment; establishment of funds for support, as of a hospital or
eleemosynary corporation. Blackstone.

DOTE
Dote, n. Etym: [See Dot dowry.]

1. A marriage portion. [Obs.] See 1st Dot, n. Wyatt.

2. pl.

Defn: Natural endowments. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

DOTE
Dote, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Doted;p. pr. & vb. n. Doting.] Etym: [OE.
doten; akin to OD. doten, D. dutten, to doze, Icel. dotta to nod from
sleep, MHG. t to keep still: cf. F. doter, OF. radoter (to dote,
rave, talk idly or senselessly), which are from the same source.]
[Written also doat.]

1. To act foolishly. [Obs.]
He wol make him doten anon right. Chaucer.

2. To be weak-minded, silly, or idiotic; to have the intellect
impaired, especially by age, so that the mind wanders or wavers; to
drivel.
Time has made you dote, and vainly tell Of arms imagined in your
lonely cell. Dryden.
He survived the use of his reason, grew infatuated, and doted long
before he died. South.

3. To be excessively or foolishly fond; to love to excess; to be
weakly affectionate; -- with on or upon; as, the mother dotes on her
child.
Sing, siren, for thyself, and I will dote. Shak.
What dust we dote on, when 't is man we love. Pope.

DOTE
Dote, n.

Defn: An imbecile; a dotard. Halliwell.

DOTED
Dot"ed, a.

1. Stupid; foolish. [Obs.]
Senseless speech and doted ignorance. Spenser.

2. Half-rotten; as, doted wood. [Local, U. S.]

DOTEHEAD
Dote"head`, n.

Defn: A dotard. [R.] Tyndale.

DOTER
Dot"er, n.

1. One who dotes; a man whose understanding is enfeebled by age; a
dotard. Burton.

2. One excessively fond, or weak in love. Shak.

DOTERY
Dot"er*y, n.

Defn: The acts or speech of a dotard; drivel. [R.]

DOTH
Doth, 3d pers. sing. pres.

Defn: of Do.

DOTING
Dot"ing, a.

Defn: That dotes; silly; excessively fond.
 -- Dot"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Dot"ing*ness, n.

DOTISH
Dot"ish, a.

Defn: Foolish; weak; imbecile. Sir W. Scott.

DOTTARD
Dot"tard, n. Etym: [For Dotard ]

Defn: An old, decayed tree. [R.] Bacon.

DOTTED
Dot"ted, a.

Defn: Marked with, or made of, dots or small spots; diversified with
small, detached objects. Dotted note (Mus.), a note followed by a dot
to indicate an increase of length equal to one half of its simple
value; thus, a dotted semibreve is equal to three minims, and a
dotted quarter to three eighth notes.
 -- Dotted rest, a rest lengthened by a dot in the same manner as a
dotted note.

Note: Notes and rests are sometimes followed by two dots, to indicate
an increase of length equal to three quarters of their simple value,
and they are then said to be double-dotted.

DOTTEREL
Dot"ter*el, a. Etym: [Cf. Dottard.]

Defn: Decayed. "Some old dotterel trees." [Obs.] Ascham.

DOTTEREL
Dot"ter*el, n. Etym: [From Dote, v. i.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European bird of the Plover family (Eudromias, or Charadrius,
morinellus). It is tame and easily taken, and is popularly believed
to imitate the movements of the fowler.
In catching of dotterels we see how the foolish bird playeth the ape
in gestures. Bacon.

Note: The ringed dotterel (or ring plover) is Charadrius hiaticula.

2. A silly fellow; a dupe; a gull. Barrow.

DOTTING PEN
Dot"ting pen`.

Defn: See under Pun.

DOTTREL
Dot"trel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Dotterel.

DOTTY
Dot"ty, a. [From 2d Dot.]

1. Composed of, or characterized by, dots.

2.  [Perh. a different word; cf. Totty.] Unsteady in gait; hence,
feeble; half-witted. [Eng.]

DOTY
Do"ty, a. Etym: [See Dottard.]

Defn: Half-rotten; as, doty timber. [Local, U. S.]

DOUANE
Dou`ane", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A customhouse.

DOUANIER
Dou`a"nier", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An officer of the French customs. [Anglicized form douaneer.]

DOUAR
Dou"ar, n. Etym: [F., fr. Ar. d.]

Defn: A village composed of Arab tents arranged in streets.

DOUAY BIBLE
Dou"ay Bi"ble. Etym: [From Douay, or Douai, a town in France.]

Defn: A translation of the Scriptures into the English language for
the use of English-speaking Roman Catholics; -- done from the Latin
Vulgate by English scholars resident in France. The New Testament
portion was published at Rheims, A. D. 1582, the Old Testament at
Douai, A. D. 1609-10. Various revised editions have since been
published. [Written also Doway Bible. Called also the Rheims and
Douay version.]

DOUB GRASS
Doub" grass`.(Bot.)

Defn: Doob grass.

DOUBLE
Dou"ble, a. Etym: [OE. doble, duble, double, OF. doble, duble,
double, F. double, fr. L. duplus, fr. the root of duo two, and perh.
that of plenus full; akin to Gr. Two, and Full, and cf. Diploma,
Duple.]

1. Twofold; multiplied by two; increased by its equivalent; made
twice as large or as much, etc.
Let a double portion of thy spirit be upon me. 2 Kings ii. 9.
Darkness and tempest make a double night. Dryden.

2. Being in pairs; presenting two of a kind, or two in a set
together; coupled.
[Let] The swan, on still St. Mary's lake, Float double, swan and
shadow. Wordsworth.

3. Divided into two; acting two parts, one openly and the other
secretly; equivocal; deceitful; insincere.
With a double heart do they speak. Ps. xii. 2.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the petals in a flower considerably increased beyond the
natural number, usually as the result of cultivation and the expense
of the stamens, or stamens and pistils. The white water lily and some
other plants have their blossoms naturally double.

Note: Double is often used as the first part of a compound word,
generally denoting two ways, or twice the number, quantity, force,
etc., twofold, or having two. Double base, or Double bass (Mus.), the
largest and lowest-toned instrument in the violin form; the
contrabasso or violone.
 -- Double convex. See under Convex.
 -- Double counterpoint (Mus.), that species of counterpoint or
composition, in which two of the parts may be inverted, by setting
one of them an octave higher or lower.
 -- Double court (Lawn Tennis), a court laid out for four players,
two on each side.
 -- Double dagger (Print.), a reference mark (||) next to the dagger
(|) in order; a diesis.
 -- Double drum (Mus.), a large drum that is beaten at both ends.
 -- Double eagle, a gold coin of the United States having the value
of 20 dollars.
 -- Double entry. See under Bookkeeping.
 -- Double floor (Arch.), a floor in which binding joists support
flooring joists above and ceiling joists below. See Illust. of
Double-framed floor.
 -- Double flower. See Double, a., 4.
 -- Double-framed floor (Arch.), a double floor having girders into
which the binding joists are framed.
 -- Double fugue (Mus.), a fugue on two subjects.
 -- Double letter. (a) (Print.) Two letters on one shank; a ligature.
(b) A mail requiring double postage.
 -- Double note (Mus.), a note of double the length of the semibreve;
a breve. See Breve.
 -- Double octave (Mus.), an interval composed of two octaves, or
fifteen notes, in diatonic progression; a fifteenth.
 -- Double pica. See under Pica.
 -- Double play (Baseball), a play by which two players are put out
at the same time.
 -- Double plea (Law), a plea alleging several matters in answer to
the declaration, where either of such matters alone would be a
sufficient bar to the action. Stephen.
 -- Double point (Geom.), a point of a curve at which two branches
cross each other. Conjugate or isolated points of a curve are called
double points, since they possess most of the properties of double
points (see Conjugate). They are also called acnodes, and those
points where the branches of the curve really cross are called
crunodes. The extremity of a cusp is also a double point.
 -- Double quarrel. (Eccl. Law) See Duplex querela, under Duplex.
 -- Double refraction. (Opt.) See Refraction.
 -- Double salt. (Chem.) (a) A mixed salt of any polybasic acid which
has been saturated by different bases or basic radicals, as the
double carbonate of sodium and potassium, NaKCO3.6H2O. (b) A
molecular combination of two distinct salts, as common alum, which
consists of the sulphate of aluminium, and the sulphate of potassium
or ammonium.
 -- Double shuffle, a low, noisy dance.
 -- Double standard (Polit. Econ.), a double standard of monetary
values; i. e., a gold standard and a silver standard, both of which
are made legal tender.
 -- Double star (Astron.), two stars so near to each other as to be
seen separate only by means of a telescope. Such stars may be only
optically near to each other, or may be physically connected so that
they revolve round their common center of gravity, and in the latter
case are called also binary stars.
 -- Double time (Mil.). Same as Double-quick.
 -- Double window, a window having two sets of glazed sashes with an
air space between them.

DOUBLE
Dou"ble, adv.

Defn: Twice; doubly.
I was double their age. Swift.

DOUBLE
Dou"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Doubled; p. pr. & vb. n. Doubling.]
Etym: [OE. doblen, dublen, doublen, F. doubler, fr. L. duplare, fr.
duplus. See Double, a.]

1. To increase by adding an equal number, quantity, length, value, or
the like; multiply by two; to double a sum of money; to double a
number, or length.
Double six thousand, and then treble that. Shak.

2. To make of two thicknesses or folds by turning or bending together
in the middle; to fold one part upon another part of; as, to double
the leaf of a book, and the like; to clinch, as the fist; -- often
followed by up; as, to double up a sheet of paper or cloth. Prior.
Then the old man Was wroth, and doubled up his hands. Tennyson.

3. To be the double of; to exceed by twofold; to contain or be worth
twice as much as.
Thus reënforced, against the adverse fleet, Still doubling ours,
brave Rupert leads the way. Dryden.

4. To pass around or by; to march or sail round, so as to reverse the
direction of motion.
Sailing along the coast, the doubled the promontory of Carthage.
Knolles.

5. (Mil.)

Defn: To unite, as ranks or files, so as to form one from each two.

DOUBLE
Dou"ble, v. i.

1. To be increased to twice the sum, number, quantity, length, or
value; to increase or grow to twice as much.
'T is observed in particular nations, that within the space of three
hundred years, notwithstanding all casualties, the number of men
doubles. T. Burnet.

2. To return upon one's track; to turn and go back over the same
ground, or in an opposite direction.
Doubling and turning like a hunted hare. Dryden.
Doubling and doubling with laborious walk. Wordsworth.

3. To play tricks; to use sleights; to play false.
What penalty and danger you accrue, If you be found to double. J.
Webster.

4. (Print.)

Defn: To set up a word or words a second time by mistake; to make a
doublet. To double upon (Mil.), to inclose between two fires.

DOUBLE
Dou"ble, n.

1. Twice as much; twice the number, sum, quantity, length, value, and
the like.
If the thief be found, let him pay double. Ex. xxii. 7.

2. Among compositors, a doublet (see Doublet,

2.); among pressmen, a sheet that is twice pulled, and blurred.

3. That which is doubled over or together; a doubling; a plait; a
fold.
Rolled up in sevenfold double Of plagues. Marston.

4. A turn or circuit in running to escape pursues; hence, a trick; a
shift; an artifice.
These men are too well acquainted with the chase to be flung off by
any false steps or doubles. Addison.

5. Something precisely equal or counterpart to another; a
counterpart. Hence, a wraith.
My charming friend . . . has, I am almost sure, a double, who
preaches his afternoon sermons for him. Atlantic Monthly.

6. A player or singer who prepares to take the part of another player
in his absence; a substitute.

7. Double beer; strong beer.

8. (Eccl.)

Defn: A feast in which the antiphon is doubled, hat is, said twice,
before and after the Psalms, instead of only half being said, as in
simple feasts. Shipley.

9. (Lawn Tennis)

Defn: A game between two pairs of players; as, a first prize for
doubles.

10. (Mus.)

Defn: An old term for a variation, as in Bach's Suites.

DOUBLE-ACTING
Dou"ble-act`ing, a.

Defn: Acting or operating in two directions or with both motions;
producing a twofold result; as, a double-acting engine or pump.

DOUBLE-BANK
Dou"ble-bank", v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To row by rowers sitting side by side in twos on a bank or
thwart. To double-bank an oar, to set two men to pulling one oar.

DOUBLE-BANKED
Dou"ble-banked`, a.

Defn: Applied to a kind of rowing in which the rowers sit side by
side in twos, a pair of oars being worked from each bank or thwart.

DOUBLE-BARRELED; DOUBLE-BARRELLED
Dou"ble-bar`reled, or Dou"ble-bar`relled, a.

Defn: Having two barrels; -- applied to a gun.

DOUBLE-BEAT VALVE
Dou"ble-beat` valve".

Defn: See under Valve.

DOUBLE-BREASTED
Dou"ble-breast`ed, a.

Defn: Folding or lapping over on the breast, with a row of buttons
and buttonholes on each side; as, a double-breasted coat.

DOUBLE-CHARGE
Dou"ble-charge`, v. t.

1. To load with a double charge, as of gunpowder.

2. To overcharge. Shak.

DOUBLE DEALER
Dou"ble deal"er.

Defn: One who practices double dealing; a deceitful, trickish person.
L'Estrange.

DOUBLE DEALING
Dou"ble deal"ing.

Defn: False or deceitful dealing. See Double dealing, under Dealing.
Shak.

DOUBLE-DECKER
Dou"ble-deck"er, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A man-of-war having two gun decks.

2. A public conveyance, as a street car, with seats on the roof.
[Colloq.]

DOUBLE-DYE
Dou"ble-dye`, v. t.

Defn: To dye again or twice over.
To double-dye their robes in scarlet. J. Webster.

DOUBLE-DYED
Dou"ble-dyed`, a.

Defn: Dyed twice; thoroughly or intensely colored; hence; firmly
fixed in opinions or habits; as, a double-dyed villain.

DOUBLE-ENDER
Dou"ble-end"er, n.
(a) (Naut.) A vessel capable of moving in either direction, having
bow and rudder at each end. (b) (Railroad)

Defn: A locomotive with pilot at each end. Knight.

DOUBLE-ENTENDRE
Dou"ble-en*ten"dre, n. Etym: [F. double double + entendre to mean.
This is a barbarous compound of French words. The true French
equivalent is double entente.]

Defn: A word or expression admitting of a double interpretation, one
of which is often obscure or indelicate.

DOUBLE-EYED
Dou"ble-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having a deceitful look. [R.] "Deceitful meanings is double-
eyed." Spenser.

DOUBLE-FACED
Dou"ble-faced`, a.

1. Having two faces designed for use; as, a double-faced hammer.

2. Deceitful; hypocritical; treacherous. Milton.

DOUBLE FIRST
Dou"ble first`. (Eng. Universities)
(a) A degree of the first class both in classics and mathematics.
(b) One who gains at examinations the highest honor both in the
classics and the mathematics. Beaconsfield.

DOUBLEGANGER
Dou"ble*gang`er, n. [G. doppelgänger; doppel double + gänger walker.]

Defn: An apparition or double of a living person; a doppelgänger.

Either you are Hereward, or you are his doubleganger.
C. Kingsley.

DOUBLE-HANDED
Dou"ble-hand"ed, a.

1. Having two hands.

2. Deceitful; deceptive. Glanvill.

DOUBLE-HEADED
Dou"ble-head"ed, a.

Defn: Having two heads; bicipital. Double-headed rail (Railroad), a
rail whose flanges are duplicates, so that when one is worn the other
may be turned uppermost.

DOUBLEHEARTED
Dou"ble*heart"ed, a.

Defn: Having a false heart; deceitful; treacherous. Sandys.

DOUBLE-HUNG
Dou"ble-hung`, a.

Defn: Having both sashes hung with weights and cords; -- said of a
window.

DOUBLE-LOCK
Dou"ble-lock`, v. t.

Defn: To lock with two bolts; to fasten with double security. Tatler.

DOUBLE-MILLED
Dou"ble-milled`, a.

Defn: Twice milled or fulled, to render more compact or fine; -- said
of cloth; as, double-milled kerseymere.

DOUBLEMINDED
Dou"ble*mind"ed, a.

Defn: Having different minds at different times; unsettled;
undetermined.
A double-minded man is unstable in all his ways. Jas. i. 8.

DOUBLENESS
Dou"ble*ness, n.

1. The state of being double or doubled.

2. Duplicity; insincerity. Chaucer.

DOUBLE PEDRO
Double pedro.

Defn: Cinch (the game).

DOUBLE-QUICK
Dou"ble-quick`, a. (Mil.)

Defn: Of, or performed in, the fastest time or step in marching, next
to the run; as, a double-quick step or march.

DOUBLE-QUICK
Dou"ble-quick`, n.

Defn: Double-quick time, step, or march.

Note: Double-quick time requires 165 steps, each 33 inches in length,
to be taken in one minute. The number of steps may be increased up to
180 per minute.

DOUBLE-QUICK
Dou"ble-quick`, v. i. & t. (Mil.)

Defn: To move, or cause to move, in double-quick time.

DOUBLER
Dou"bler, n.

1. One who, or that which, doubles.

2. (Elec.)

Defn: An instrument for augmenting a very small quantity of
electricity, so as to render it manifest by sparks or the
electroscope.

DOUBLE-RIPPER
Dou"ble-rip"per, n.

Defn: A kind of coasting sled, made of two sleds fastened together
with a board, one before the other. [Local, U. S.]

DOUBLE-SHADE
Dou"ble-shade`, v. t.

Defn: To double the natural darkness of (a place). Milton.

DOUBLE-SURFACED
Dou"ble-sur"faced, a.

Defn: Having two surfaces; -- said specif. of aëroplane wings or
aërocurves which are covered on both sides with fabric, etc., thus
completely inclosing their frames.

DOUBLET
Doub"let, n. Etym: [In sense 3, OF. doublet; in sense 4, F. doublet,
dim. of double double. See Double, a.]

1. Two of the same kind; a pair; a couple.

2. (Print.)

Defn: A word or words unintentionally doubled or set up a second
time.

3. A close-fitting garment for men, covering the body from the neck
to the waist or a little below. It was worn in Western Europe from
the 15th to the 17th century.

4. (Lapidary Work)

Defn: A counterfeit gem, composed of two pieces of crystal, with a
color them, and thus giving the appearance of a naturally colored
gem. Also, a piece of paste or glass covered by a veneer of real
stone.

5. (Opt.)

Defn: An arrangement of two lenses for a microscope, designed to
correct spherical aberration and chromatic dispersion, thus rendering
the image of an object more clear and distinct. W. H. Wollaston.

6. pl. (See No. 1.)

Defn: Two dice, each of which, when thrown, has the same number of
spots on the face lying uppermost; as, to throw doublets.

7. pl. Etym: [Cf. Pr. doblier, dobler draughtboard.]

Defn: A game somewhat like backgammon. Halliwell.

8. One of two or more words in the same language derived by different
courses from the same original from; as, crypt and grot are doublets;
also, guard and ward; yard and garden; abridge and abbreviate, etc.

DOUBLETHREADED
Dou"ble*thread`ed, a.

1. Consisting of two threads twisted together; using two threads.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: Having two screw threads instead of one; -- said of a screw in
which the pitch is equal to twice the distance between the centers of
adjacent threads.

DOUBLE-TONGUE
Dou"ble-tongue`, n.

Defn: Deceit; duplicity.
Now cometh the sin of double-tongue, such as speak fair before folk
and wickedly behind. Chaucer.

DOUBLE-TONGUED
Dou"ble-tongued`, a.

Defn: Making contrary declarations on the same subject; deceitful.
Likewise must the deacons be grave, not double-tongued. 1 Tim. iii.
8.

DOUBLE-TONGUING
Dou"ble-tongu`ing, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A peculiar action of the tongue by flute players in
articulating staccato notes; also, the rapid repetition of notes in
cornet playing.

DOUBLETREE
Dou"ble*tree`, n.

Defn: The bar, or crosspiece, of a carriage, to which the singletrees
are attached.

DOUBLETS
Doub"lets, n. pl.

Defn: See Doublet, 6 and 7.

DOUBLING
Dou"bling, n.

1. The act of one that doubles; a making double; reduplication; also,
that which is doubled.

2. A turning and winding; as, the doubling of a hunted hare; shift;
trick; artifice. Dryden.

3. (Her.)

Defn: The lining of the mantle borne about the shield or escutcheon.

4. The process of redistilling spirits, to improve the strength and
flavor. Doubling a cape, promontory, etc. (Naut.), sailing around or
passing beyond a cape, promontory, etc.

DOUBLOON
Doub*loon", n. Etym: [F. doublon, Sp. doblon. See Double, a., and cf.
Dupion.]

Defn: A Spanish gold coin, no longer issued, varying in value at
different times from over fifteen dollars to about five. See Doblon
in Sup.

DOUBLURE
Dou`blure", n. [F.]

1. (Bookbinding) The lining of a book cover, esp. one of unusual
sort, as of tooled leather, painted vellum, rich brocade, or the
like.

2.  (Paleon.) The reflexed margin of the trilobite carapace.

DOUBLY
Dou"bly, adv.

1. In twice the quantity; to twice the degree; as, doubly wise or
good; to be doubly sensible of an obligation. Dryden.

2. Deceitfully. "A man that deals doubly." Huloet.

DOUBT
Doubt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dou; p. pr. & vb. n. Doubting.] Etym: [OE.
duten, douten, OF. duter, doter, douter, F. douter, fr. L. dubitare;
akin to dubius doubtful. See Dubious.]

1. To waver in opinion or judgment; to be in uncertainty as to belief
respecting anything; to hesitate in belief; to be undecided as to the
truth of the negative or the affirmative proposition; to b e
undetermined.
Even in matters divine, concerning some things, we may lawfully
doubt, and suspend our judgment. Hooker.
To try your love and make you doubt of mine. Dryden.

2. To suspect; to fear; to be apprehensive. [Obs.]

Syn.
 -- To waver; vacillate; fluctuate; hesitate; demur; scruple;
question.

DOUBT
Doubt, v. t.

1. To question or hold questionable; to withhold assent to; to
hesitate to believe, or to be inclined not to believe; to withhold
confidence from; to distrust; as, I have heard the story, but I doubt
the truth of it.
To admire superior sense, and doubt their own! Pope.
I doubt not that however changed, you keep So much of what is
graceful. Tennyson.
To doubt not but.
I do not doubt but I have been to blame. Dryden.
We doubt not now But every rub is smoothed on our way. Shak.

Note: That is, we have no doubt to prevent us from believing, etc.
(or notwithstanding all that may be said to the contrary) -- but
having a preventive sense, after verbs of "doubting" and "denying"
that convey a notion of hindrance. E. A. Abbott.

2. To suspect; to fear; to be apprehensive of. [Obs.]
Edmond [was a] good man and doubted God. R. of Gloucester.
I doubt some foul play. Shak.
That I of doubted danger had no fear. Spenser.

3. To fill with fear; to affright. [Obs.]
The virtues of the valiant Caratach More doubt me than all Britain.
Beau. & Fl.

DOUBT
Doubt, n. Etym: [OE. dute, doute, F. doute, fr. douter to doubt. See
Doubt, v. i.]

1. A fluctuation of mind arising from defect of knowledge or
evidence; uncertainty of judgment or mind; unsettled state of opinion
concerning the reality of an event, or the truth of an assertion,
etc.; hesitation.
Doubt is the beginning and the end of our efforts to know. Sir W.
Hamilton.
Doubt, in order to be operative in requiring an acquittal, is not the
want of perfect certainty (which can never exist in any question of
fact) but a defect of proof preventing a reasonable assurance of
quilt. Wharton.

2. Uncertainty of condition.
Thy life shall hang in doubt before thee. Deut. xxviii. 66.

3. Suspicion; fear; apprehension; dread. [Obs.]
I stand in doubt of you. Gal. iv. 20.
Nor slack her threatful hand for danger's doubt. Spenser.

4. Difficulty expressed or urged for solution; point unsettled;
objection.
To every doubt your answer is the same. Blackmore.
No doubt, undoubtedly; without doubt.
 -- Out of doubt, beyond doubt. [Obs.] Spenser.

Syn.
 -- Uncertainty; hesitation; suspense; indecision; irresolution;
distrust; suspicion; scruple; perplexity; ambiguity; skepticism.

DOUBTABLE
Doubt"a*ble, a. Etym: [OF. doutable, L. dubitabilis, from dubitare.
Cf. Dubitable.]

1. Capable of being doubted; questionable.

2. Worthy of being feared; redoubtable. [Obs.]

DOUBTANCE
Doubt"ance, n. Etym: [OF. doutance. Cf. Dubitancy.]

Defn: State of being in doubt; uncertainty; doubt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DOUBTER
Doubt"er, n.

Defn: One who doubts; one whose opinion is unsettled; one who
scruples.

DOUBTFUL
Doubt"ful, a.

1. Not settled in opinion; undetermined; wavering; hesitating in
belief; also used, metaphorically, of the body when its action is
affected by such a state of mind; as, we are doubtful of a fact, or
of the propriety of a measure.
Methinks I should know you, and know this man; Yet I am doubtful.
Shak.
With doubtful feet and wavering resolution. Milton.

2. Admitting of doubt; not obvious, clear, or certain; questionable;
not decided; not easy to be defined, classed, or named; as, a
doubtful case, hue, claim, title, species, and the like.
Beauty is but a vain and doubtful good. Shak.
Is it a great cruelty to expel from our abode the enemy of our peace,
or even the doubtful friend [i. e., one as to whose sincerity there
may be doubts] Bancroft.

3. Characterized by ambiguity; dubious; as, a doubtful expression; a
doubtful phrase.

4. Of uncertain issue or event.
We . . . have sustained one day in doubtful fight. Milton.
The strife between the two principles had been long, fierce, and
doubtful. Macaulay.

5. Fearful; apprehensive; suspicious. [Obs.]
I am doubtful that you have been conjunct And bosomed with her. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Wavering; vacillating; hesitating; undetermined; distrustful;
dubious; uncertain; equivocal; ambiguous; problematical;
questionable.

DOUBTFULLY
Doubt"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In a doubtful manner.
Nor did the goddess doubtfully declare. Dryden.

DOUBTFULNESS
Doubt"ful*ness, n.

1. State of being doubtful.

2. Uncertainty of meaning; ambiguity; indefiniteness. " The
doubtfulness of his expressions." Locke.

3. Uncertainty of event or issue. Bacon.

DOUBTING
Doubt"ing, a.

Defn: That is uncertain; that distrusts or hesitates; having doubts.
 -- Doubt"ing*ly, adv.

DOUBTLESS
Doubt"less, a.

Defn: Free from fear or suspicion. [Obs.]
Pretty child, sleep doubtless and secure. Shak.

DOUBTLESS
Doubt"less, adv.

Defn: Undoubtedly; without doubt.

DOUBTLESSLY
Doubt"less*ly, adv.

Defn: Unquestionably. Beau. & Fl.

DOUBTOUS
Doubt"ous, a. Etym: [OF. dotos, douteus, F. douteux.]

Defn: Doubtful. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DOUC
Douc, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A monkey (Semnopithecus nemæus), remarkable for its varied and
brilliant colors. It is a native of Cochin China.

DOUCE
Douce, a. Etym: [F. doux, masc., douce, fem., sweet, fr. L. duleis
sweet.]

1. Sweet; pleasant. [Obs.]

2. Sober; prudent; sedate; modest. [Scot.]
And this is a douce, honest man. Sir W. Scott.

DOUCEPERE
Douce"pere`, n. Etym: [F. les douze pairs the twelve peers of France,
renowned in romantic fiction.]

Defn: One of the twelve peers of France, companions of Charlemagne in
war. [Written also douzepere.] [Obs.]
Big-looking like a doughty doucepere. Spenser.

DOUCET; DOWSET
Dou"cet, Dow"set, n. Etym: [F. doucet sweet, dim. of doux. See
Douce.]

1. A custard. [Obs.]

2. A dowcet, or deep's testicle.

DOUCEUR
Dou`ceur", n. Etym: [F., fr. doux sweet. See Douce.]

1. Gentleness and sweetness of manner; agreeableness. Chesterfield.

2. A gift for service done or to be done; an honorarium; a present;
sometimes, a bribe. Burke.

DOUCHE
Douche, n. Etym: [F., fr. It. doccia, fr. docciare to flow, pour, fr.
an assumed LL. ductiare, fr. L. ducere, ductum, to lead, conduct
(water). See Duct.]

1. A jet or current of water or vapor directed upon some part of the
body to benefit it medicinally; a douche bath.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A syringe.

DOUCINE
Dou"cine, n. Etym: [F.] (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Cyma, under Cyma.

DOUCKER
Douck"er, n. Etym: [From aouck, for duck. See Duck, v. t.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A grebe or diver; -- applied also to the golden-eye, pochard,
scoter, and other ducks. [Written also ducker.] [Prov. Eng.]

DOUGH
Dough, n. Etym: [OE. dagh, dogh, dow, AS. dah; akin to D. deeg, G.
teig, Icel. deig, Sw. deg, Dan. deig, Goth. daigs; also, to Goth.
deigan to knead, L. fingere to form, shape, Skr. dih to smear; cf.
Gr. Feign, Figure, Dairy, Duff.]

1. Paste of bread; a soft mass of moistened flour or meal, kneaded or
unkneaded, but not yet baked; as, to knead dough.

2. Anything of the consistency of such paste. To have one's cake
dough. See under Cake.

DOUGH-BAKED
Dough"-baked`, a.

Defn: Imperfectly baked; hence, not brought to perfection;
unfinished; also, of weak or dull understanding. [Colloq.] Halliwell.

DOUGHBIRD
Dough"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Eskimo curlew (Numenius borealis). See Curlew.

DOUGHFACE
Dough"face`, n.

Defn: A contemptuous nickname for a timid, yielding politician, or
one who is easily molded. [Political cant, U. S.]

DOUGH-FACED
Dough"-faced`, a.

Defn: Easily molded; pliable.

DOUGHFACEISM
Dough"face`ism, n.

Defn: The character of a doughface; truckling pliability.

DOUGHINESS
Dough"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being doughy.

DOUGH-KNEADED
Dough"-knead`ed, a.

Defn: Like dough; soft.
He demeans himself . . . like a dough-kneaded thing. Milton.

DOUGHNUT
Dough"nut, n.

Defn: A small cake (usually sweetened) fried in a kettle of boiling
lard.

DOUGHTILY
Dough"ti*ly, adv.

Defn: In a doughty manner.

DOUGHTINESS
Dough"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being doughty; valor; bravery.

DOUGHTREN
Dough"tren, n. pl. Etym: [See Daughter.]

Defn: Daughters. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DOUGHTY
Dough"ty, a. [Compar. Doughtier; superl. Doughtiest.] Etym: [OE.
duhti, dohti, douhti, brave, valiant, fit, useful, AS, dyhtig; akin
to G. tüchtig, Dan. dygtig, Sw. dygdig virtuous, and fr. AS. dugan to
avail, be of use, be strong, akin to D. deugen, OHG. tugan, G.
taugen, Icel. & Sw. duga, Dan. due, Goth. dugan, but of uncertain
origin; cf. Skr. duh to milk, give milk, draw out, or Gr.

Defn: Able; strong; valiant; redoubtable; as, a doughty hero.
Sir Thopas wex [grew] a doughty swain. Chaucer.
Doughty families, hugging old musty quarrels to their hearts, buffet
each other from generation to generation. Motley.

Note: Now seldom used, except in irony or burlesque.

DOUGHY
Dough"y, a.

Defn: Like dough; soft and heavy; pasty; crude; flabby and pale; as,
a doughy complexion.

DOULOCRACY
Dou*loc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A government by slaves. [Written also dulocracy.] Hare.

DOUM PALM
Doum" palm` (doom" päm`).

Defn: See Doom palm.

DOUPE
Doupe, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The carrion crow. [Written also dob.] [Prov. Eng.]

DOUR
Dour, a. Etym: [Cf. F. dur, L. durus.]

Defn: Hard; inflexible; obstinate; sour in aspect; hardy; bold.
[Scot.]
A dour wife, a sour old carlin. C. Reade.

DOURA
Dou"ra, n.

Defn: A kind of millet. See Durra.

DOUROUCOULI
Dou`rou*cou"li, n.

Defn: See Durukuli.

DOUSE
Douse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Doused; p. pr. & vb. n. Dousing.] Etym:
[Cf. Dowse, and OD. donsen to strike with the fist on the back, Sw.
dunsa to fall down violently and noisily; perh. akin to E. din.]

1. To plunge suddenly into water; to duck; to immerse; to dowse. Bp.
Stillingfleet.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To strike or lower in haste; to slacken suddenly; as, douse the
topsail.

DOUSE
Douse, v. i.

Defn: To fall suddenly into water. Hudibras.

DOUSE
Douse, v. t. Etym: [AS. dwæscan. (Skeat.)]

Defn: To put out; to extinguish. [Slang] " To douse the glim." Sir W.
Scott.

DOUSING-CHOCK
Dous"ing-chock`, n. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: One of several pieces fayed across the apron and lapped in the
knightheads, or inside planking above the upper deck. Ham. Nav.
Encyc.

DOUT
Dout, v. t. Etym: [Do + out. Cf. Doff.]

Defn: To put out. [Obs.] "It douts the light." Sylvester.

DOUTER
Dout"er, n.

Defn: An extinguisher for candles. [Obs.]

DOVE
Dove, n. Etym: [OE. dove, duve, douve, AS. d; akin to OS. d, D. duif,
OHG. t, G. taube, Icel. d, Sw. dufva, Dan. due, Goth. d; perh. from
the root of E. dive.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A pigeon of the genus Columba and various related genera. The
species are numerous.

Note: The domestic dove, including the varieties called fantails,
tumblers, carrier pigeons, etc., was derived from the rock pigeon
(Columba livia) of Europe and Asia; the turtledove of Europe,
celebrated for its sweet, plaintive note, is C. turtur or Turtur
vulgaris; the ringdove, the largest of European species, is C.
palumbus; the Carolina dove, or Mourning dove, is Zenaidura macroura;
the sea dove is the little auk (Mergulus alle or Alle alle). See
Turtledove, Ground dove, and Rock pigeon. The dove is a symbol of
innocence, gentleness, and affection; also, in art and in the
Scriptures, the typical symbol of the Holy Ghost.

2. A word of endearment for one regarded as pure and gentle.
O my dove, . . . let me hear thy voice. Cant. ii. 14.
Dove tick (Zoöl.), a mite (Argas reflexus) which infests doves and
other birds.
 -- Soiled dove, a prostitute. [Slang]

DOVECOT; DOVECOTE
Dove"cot`, Dove"cote`, n.

Defn: A small house or box, raised to a considerable height above the
ground, and having compartments, in which domestic pigeons breed; a
dove house.
Like an eagle in a dovecote, I Fluttered your Volscians in Corioli.
Shak.

DOVE-EYED
Dove"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having eyes like a dove; meekeyed; as, dove-eyed Peace.

DOVEKIE
Dove"kie, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A guillemot (Uria grylle), of the arctic regions. Also applied
to the little auk or sea dove. See under Dove.

DOVELET
Dove"let, n.

Defn: A young or small dove. Booth.

DOVELIKE
Dove"like`, a.

Defn: Mild as a dove; gentle; pure and lovable. Longfellow.

DOVE PLANT
Dove" plant`. (Bot.)

Defn: A Central American orchid (Peristeria elata), having a flower
stem five or six feet high, with numerous globose white fragrant
flowers. The column in the center of the flower resembles a dove; --
called also Holy Spirit plant.

DOVER'S POWDER
Do"ver's Pow"der. Etym: [From Dr. Dover, an English physician.]
(Med.)

Defn: A powder of ipecac and opium, compounded, in the United States,
with sugar of milk, but in England (as formerly in the United States)
with sulphate of potash, and in France (as in Dr. Dover's original
prescription) with nitrate and sulphate of potash and licorice. It is
an anodyne diaphoretic.

DOVE'S-FOOT
Dove's"-foot`, n. (Bot.)
(a) A small annual species of Geranium, native in England; -- so
called from the shape of the leaf.
(b) The columbine. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

DOVESHIP
Dove"ship, n.

Defn: The possession of dovelike qualities, harmlessness and
innocence. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

DOVETAIL
Dove"tail`, n. (Carp.)

Defn: A flaring tenon, or tongue (shaped like a bird's tail spread),
and a mortise, or socket, into which it fits tightly, making an
interlocking joint between two pieces which resists pulling a part in
all directions except one. Dovetail molding (Arch.), a molding of any
convex section arranged in a sort of zigzag, like a series of
dovetails.
 -- Dovetail saw (Carp.), a saw used in dovetailing.

DOVETAIL
Dove"tail`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dovetailed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dovetailing.]

1. (Carp.)
(a) To cut to a dovetail.
(b) To join by means of dovetails.

2. To fit in or connect strongly, skillfully, or nicely; to fit
ingeniously or complexly.
He put together a piece of joinery so crossly indented and
whimsically dovetailed . . . that it was indeed a very curious show.
Burke.

DOVISH
Dov"ish, a.

Defn: Like a dove; harmless; innocent. "Joined with dovish
simplicity." Latimer.

DOW
Dow, n.

Defn: A kind of vessel. See Dhow.

DOW
Dow, v. t. Etym: [F. douer. See Dower.]

Defn: To furnish with a dower; to endow. [Obs.] Wyclif.

DOWABLE
Dow"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Dow, v. t.]

Defn: Capable of being endowed; entitled to dower. Blackstone.

DOWAGER
Dow"a*ger, n. Etym: [OF. douagiere, fr. douage dower. See Dower.]

1. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A widow endowed, or having a jointure; a widow who either
enjoys a dower from her deceased husband, or has property of her own
brought by her to her husband on marriage, and settled on her after
his decease. Blount. Burrill.

2. A title given in England to a widow, to distinguish her from the
wife of her husband's heir bearing the same name; -- chiefly applied
to widows of personages of rank.
With prudes for proctors, dowagers for deans. Tennyson.
Queen dowager, the widow of a king.

DOWAGERISM
Dow"a*ger*ism, n.

Defn: The rank or condition of a dowager; formality, as that of a
dowager. Also used figuratively.
Mansions that have passed away into dowagerism. Thackeray.

DOWCET
Dow"cet, n. Etym: [See Doucet.]

Defn: One of the testicles of a hart or stag. [Spelt also doucet.] B.
Jonson.

DOWDY
Dow"dy, a. [Compar. Dowdier; superl. Dowdiest.] Etym: [Scot. dawdie
slovenly, daw, da sluggard, drab, Prov. E. dowd flat, dead.]

Defn: Showing a vulgar taste in dress; awkward and slovenly in dress;
vulgar-looking.
 -- Dow"di*ly, adv.
 -- Dow"di*ness, n.

DOWDY
Dow"dy, n.; pl. Dowdies (.

Defn: An awkward, vulgarly dressed, inelegant woman. Shak. Dryden.

DOWDYISH
Dow"dy*ish, a.

Defn: Like a dowdy.

DOWEL
Dow"el, n. Etym: [Cf. G. döbel peg, F. douelle state of a cask,
surface of an arch, douille socket, little pipe, cartridge.] (Mech.)

1. A pin, or block, of wood or metal, fitting into holes in the
abutting portions of two pieces, and being partly in one piece and
partly in the other, to keep them in their proper relative position.

2. A piece of wood driven into a wall, so that other pieces may be
nailed to it. Dowel joint, a joint secured by a dowel or dowels.
 -- Dowel pin, a dowel. See Dowel, n.,

1.

DOWEL
Dow"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Doweled or Dowelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Doweling or Dowelling.]

Defn: To fasten together by dowels; to furnish with dowels; as, a
cooper dowels pieces for the head of a cask.

DOWER
Dow"er, n. Etym: [F. douaire, LL. dotarium, from L. dotare to endow,
portion, fr. dos dower; akin to Gr. dare to give. See 1st Date, and
cf. Dot dowry, Dotation.]

1. That with which one is gifted or endowed; endowment; gift.
How great, how plentiful, how rich a dower! Sir J. Davies.
Man in his primeval dower arrayed. Wordsworth.

2. The property with which a woman is endowed; especially:
(a) That which a woman brings to a husband in marriage; dowry. [Obs.]
His wife brought in dower Cilicia's crown. Dryden.
(b) (Law)

Defn: That portion of the real estate of a man which his widow enjoys
during her life, or to which a woman is entitled after the death of
her husband. Blackstone.

Note: Dower, in modern use, is and should be distinguished from
dowry. The former is a provision for a widow on her husband's death;
the latter is a bride's portion on her marriage. Abbott. Assignment
of dower. See under Assignment.

DOWERED
Dow"ered, p. a.

Defn: Furnished with, or as with, dower or a marriage portion. Shak.

DOWERLESS
Dow"er*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of dower; having no marriage portion. Shak.

DOWERY
Dow"er*y, n.

Defn: See Dower.

DOWITCHER
Dow"itch*er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The red-breasted or gray snipe (Macrorhamphus griseus); --
called also brownback, and grayback.

DOWL
Dowl, n.

Defn: Same as Dowle.

DOWLAS
Dow"las, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. Doullens, a town of Picardy, in France,
formerly celebrated for this manufacture.]

Defn: A coarse linen cloth made in the north of England and in
Scotland, now nearly replaced by calico. Shak.

DOWLE
Dowle, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. douille soft. Cf. Ductile.]

Defn: Feathery or wool-like down; filament of a feather. Shak.
No feather, or dowle of a feather. De Quincey.

DOWN
Down, n. Etym: [Akin to LG. dune, dun, Icel. d, Sw. dun, Dan. duun,
G. daune, cf. D. dons; perh. akin to E. dust.]

1. Fine, soft, hairy outgrowth from the skin or surface of animals or
plants, not matted and fleecy like wool; esp.:
(a) (Zoöl.) The soft under feathers of birds. They have short stems
with soft rachis and bards and long threadlike barbules, without
hooklets.
(b) (Bot.) The pubescence of plants; the hairy crown or envelope of
the seeds of certain plants, as of the thistle.
(c) The soft hair of the face when beginning to appear.
And the first down begins to shade his face. Dryden.

2. That which is made of down, as a bed or pillow; that which affords
ease and repose, like a bed of down
When in the down I sink my head, Sleep, Death's twin brother, times
my breath. Tennyson.
Thou bosom softness, down of all my cares! Southern.

Down tree (Bot.), a tree of Central America (Ochroma Lagopus), the
seeds of which are enveloped in vegetable wool.

DOWN
Down, v. t.

Defn: To cover, ornament, line, or stuff with down. [R.] Young.

DOWN
Down, n. Etym: [OE. dun, doun, AS. d; of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. d
hill, fortified hill, Gael. dun heap, hillock, hill, W. din a
fortified hill or mount; akin to E. town. See Town, and cf. Down,
adv. & prep., Dune.]

1. A bank or rounded hillock of sand thrown up by the wind along or
near the shore; a flattish-topped hill; -- usually in the plural.
Hills afford prospects, as they must needs acknowledge who have been
on the downs of Sussex. Ray.
She went by dale, and she went by down. Tennyson.

2. A tract of poor, sandy, undulating or hilly land near the sea,
covered with fine turf which serves chiefly for the grazing of sheep;
-- usually in the plural. [Eng.]
Seven thousand broad-tailed sheep grazed on his downs. Sandys.

3. pl.

Defn: A road for shipping in the English Channel or Straits of Dover,
near Deal, employed as a naval rendezvous in time of war.
On the 11th [June, 1771] we run up the channel . . . at noon we were
abreast of Dover, and about three came to an anchor in the Downs, and
went ashore at Deal. Cook (First Voyage).

4. pl. Etym: [From the adverb.]

Defn: A state of depression; low state; abasement. [Colloq.]
It the downs of life too much outnumber the ups. M. Arnold.

DOWN
Down, adv. Etym: [For older adown, AS. ad, ad, prop., from or off the
hill. See 3d Down, and cf. Adown, and cf. Adown.]

1. In the direction of gravity or toward the center of the earth;
toward or in a lower place or position; below; -- the opposite of up.

2. Hence, in many derived uses, as:
(a) From a higher to a lower position, literally or figuratively; in
a descending direction; from the top of an ascent; from an upright
position; to the ground or floor; to or into a lower or an inferior
condition; as, into a state of humility, disgrace, misery, and the
like; into a state of rest; -- used with verbs indicating motion.
It will be rain to-night. Let it come down. Shak.
I sit me down beside the hazel grove. Tennyson.
And that drags down his life. Tennyson.
There is not a more melancholy object in the learned world than a man
who has written himself down. Addison.
The French . . . shone down [i. e., outshone] the English. Shak.

(b) In a low or the lowest position, literally or figuratively; at
the bottom of a decent; below the horizon; of the ground; in a
condition of humility, dejection, misery, and the like; in a state of
quiet.
I was down and out of breath. Shak.
The moon is down; I have not heard the clock. Shak.
He that is down needs fear no fall. Bunyan.

3. From a remoter or higher antiquity.
Venerable men! you have come down to us from a former generation. D.
Webster.

4. From a greater to a less bulk, or from a thinner to a thicker
consistence; as, to boil down in cookery, or in making decoctions.
Arbuthnot.

Note: Down is sometimes used elliptically, standing for go down, come
down, tear down, take down, put down, haul down, pay down, and the
like, especially in command or exclamation.
Down, therefore, and beg mercy of the duke. Shak.
If he be hungry more than wanton, bread alone will down. Locke.
Down is also used intensively; as, to be loaded down; to fall down;
to hang down; to drop down; to pay down.
The temple of Herè at Argos was burnt down. Jowett (Thucyd. ).
Down, as well as up, is sometimes used in a conventional sense; as,
down East.
Persons in London say down to Scotland, etc., and those in the
provinces, up to London. Stormonth.
Down helm (Naut.), an order to the helmsman to put the helm to
leeward.
 -- Down on or upon (joined with a verb indicating motion, as go,
come, pounce), to attack, implying the idea of threatening power.
Come down upon us with a mighty power. Shak.
-- Down with, take down, throw down, put down; -- used in energetic
command. "Down with the palace; fire it." Dryden.
 -- To be down on, to dislike and treat harshly. [Slang, U.S.] -- To
cry down. See under Cry, v. t.
 -- To cut down. See under Cut, v. t.
 -- Up and down, with rising and falling motion; to and fro; hither
and thither; everywhere. "Let them wander up and down." Ps. lix. 15.

DOWN
Down, prep. Etym: [From Down, adv.]

1. In a descending direction along; from a higher to a lower place
upon or within; at a lower place in or on; as, down a hill; down a
well.

2. Hence: Towards the mouth of a river; towards the sea; as, to sail
or swim down a stream; to sail down the sound. Down the country,
toward the sea, or toward the part where rivers discharge their
waters into the ocean.
 -- Down the sound, in the direction of the ebbing tide; toward the
sea.

DOWN
Down, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Downed; p. pr. & vb. n. Downing.]

Defn: To cause to go down; to make descend; to put down; to
overthrow, as in wrestling; hence, to subdue; to bring down. [Archaic
or Colloq.] "To down proud hearts." Sir P. Sidney.
I remember how you downed Beauclerk and Hamilton, the wits, once at
our house. Madame D'Arblay.

DOWN
Down, v. i.

Defn: To go down; to descend. Locke.

DOWN
Down, a.

1. Downcast; as, a down look. [R.]

2. Downright; absolute; positive; as, a down denial. [Obs.] Beau. &
Fl.

3. Downward; going down; sloping; as, a down stroke; a down grade; a
down train on a railway. Down draught, a downward draft, as in a
flue, chimney, shaft of a mine, etc.
 -- Down in the mouth, chopfallen; dejected.

DOWNBEAR
Down"bear`, v. t.

Defn: To bear down; to depress.

DOWNCAST
Down"cast`, a.

Defn: Cast downward; directed to the ground, from bashfulness,
modesty, dejection, or guilt.
'T is love, said she; and then my downcast eyes, And guilty dumbness,
witnessed my surprise. Dryden.
- Down"cast`ly, adv.
 -- Down"cast`ness, n.

DOWNCAST
Down"cast`, n.

1. Downcast or melancholy look.
That downcast of thine eye. Beau. & Fl.

2. (mining)

Defn: A ventilating shaft down which the air passes in circulating
through a mine.

DOWNCOME
Down"come`, n.

1. Sudden fall; downfall; overthrow. Milton.

2. (Iron Manuf.)

Defn: A pipe for leading combustible gases downward from the top of
the blast furnace to the hot-blast stoves, boilers, etc., where they
are burned.

DOWNCOMER
Down"com`er, n. A pipe to conduct something downwards; specif.:
 (a) (Iron Manuf.) A pipe for leading the hot gases from the top of a
blast furnace downward to the regenerators, boilers, etc.
 (b) (Steam Engin.) In some water-tube boilers, a tube larger in
diameter than the water tubes to conduct the water from each top drum
to a bottom drum, thus completing the circulation.

DOWNFALL
Down"fall`, n.

1. A sudden fall; a body of things falling.
Those cataracts or downfalls aforesaid. Holland.
Each downfall of a flood the mountains pour. Dryden.

2. A sudden descent from rank or state, reputation or happiness;
destruction; ruin.
Dire were the consequences which would follow the downfall of so
important a place. Motley.

DOWNFALLEN
Down"fall`en, a.

Defn: Fallen; ruined. Carew.

DOWNFALLING
Down"fall`ing, a.

Defn: Falling down.

DOWNGYVED
Down"gyved`, a.

Defn: Hanging down like gyves or fetters. [Poetic & Rare] Shak.

DOWNHAUL
Down"haul`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope to haul down, or to assist in hauling down, a sail; as,
a staysail downhaul; a trysail downhaul.

DOWNHEARTED
Down"heart`ed, a.

Defn: Dejected; low-spirited.

DOWNHILL
Down"hill`, adv.

Defn: Towards the bottom of a hill; as, water runs downhill.

DOWNHILL
Down"hill`, a.

Defn: Declivous; descending; sloping. "A downhill greensward."
Congrewe.

DOWNHILL
Down"hill`, n.

Defn: Declivity; descent; slope.
On th' icy downhills of this slippery life. Du Bartas (Trans. ).

DOWNINESS
Down"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being downy.

DOWNLOOKED
Down"looked`, a.

Defn: Having a downcast countenance; dejected; gloomy; sullen. [R.]
Dryden.

DOWNLYING
Down"ly`ing, n.

Defn: The time of retiring to rest; time of repose. Cavendish. At the
downlying, at the travail in childbirth. [Scot.]

DOWNPOUR
Down"pour`, n.

Defn: A pouring or streaming downwards; esp., a heavy or continuous
shower.

DOWNRIGHT
Down"right`, adv.

1. Straight down; perpendicularly.

2. In plain terms; without ceremony.
We shall chide downright, id I longer stay. Shak.

3. Without delay; at once; completely. [Obs.]
She fell downright into a fit. Arbuthnot.

DOWNRIGHT
Down"right`, a.

1. Plain; direct; unceremonious; blunt; positive; as, he spoke in his
downright way.
A man of plain, downright character. Sir W. Scott.

2. Open; artless; undisguised; absolute; unmixed; as, downright
atheism.
The downright impossibilities charged upon it. South.
Gloomy fancies which in her amounted to downright insanity. Prescott.
-- Down"right`ly, adv.
 -- Down"right`ness, n.

DOWN-SHARE
Down"-share`, n.

Defn: A breastplow used in paring off turf on downs. [Eng.] Knight.

DOWNSITTING
Down"sit`ting, n.

Defn: The act of sitting down; repose; a resting.
Thou knowest my downsitting and my uprising. Ps. cxxxix. 2.

DOWNSTAIRS
Down"stairs, adv.

Defn: Down the stairs; to a lower floor.
 -- a.

Defn: Below stairs; as, a downstairs room.

DOWNSTEEPY
Down"steep`y, a.

Defn: Very steep. [Obs.] Florio.

DOWNSTREAM
Down"stream`, adv.

Defn: Down the stream; as, floating downstream.

DOWNSTROKE
Down"stroke`, n. (Penmanship)

Defn: A stroke made with a downward motion of the pen or pencil.

DOWNTHROW
Down"throw`, n. (Geol.)

Defn: The sudden drop or depression of the strata of rocks on one
side of a fault. See Throw, n.

DOWNTROD; DOWNTRODDEN
Down"trod`, Down"trod`den, a.

Defn: Trodden down; trampled down; abused by superior power. Shak.

DOWNWARD; DOWNWARDS
Down"ward, Down"wards, adv. Etym: [AS. ad. See Down, adv., and -
ward.]

1. From a higher place to a lower; in a descending course; as, to
tend, move, roll, look, or take root, downward or downwards. "Looking
downwards." Pope.
Their heads they downward bent. Drayton.

2. From a higher to a lower condition; toward misery, humility,
disgrace, or ruin.
And downward fell into a groveling swine. Milton.

3. From a remote time; from an ancestor or predecessor; from one to
another in a descending line.
A ring the county wears, That downward hath descended in his house,
From son to son, some four or five descents. Shak.

DOWNWARD
Down"ward, a.

1. Moving or extending from a higher to a lower place; tending toward
the earth or its center, or toward a lower level; declivous.
With downward force That drove the sand along he took his way.
Dryden.

2. Descending from a head, origin, or source; as, a downward line of
descent.

3. Tending to a lower condition or state; depressed; dejected; as,
downward thoughts. Sir P. Sidney.

DOWNWEED
Down"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Cudweed, a species of Gnaphalium.

DOWNWEIGH
Down`weigh", v. t.

Defn: To weigh or press down.
A different sin downweighs them to the bottom. Longfellow.

DOWN-WIND
Down"-wind`, adv.

Defn: With the wind.

DOWNY
Down"y, a.

1. Covered with down, or with pubescence or soft hairs. "A downy
feather." Shak.
Plants that . . . have downy or velvet rind upon their leaves. Bacon.

2. Made of, or resembling, down. Hence, figuratively: Soft; placid;
soothing; quiet. "A downy shower." Keble. "Downy pillow." Pope.
Time steals on with downy feet. Young.

3. Cunning; wary. [Slang, Eng.] Latham.

DOWRAL
Dow"ral, a.

Defn: Of or relating to a dower. [R.]

DOWRESS
Dow"ress, n.

Defn: A woman entitled to dower. Bouvier.

DOWRY
Dow"ry, n.; pl. Dowries. Etym: [Contr. from dowery; cf. LL. dotarium.
See Dower.]

1. A gift; endowment. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. The money, goods, or estate, which a woman brings to her husband
in marriage; a bride's portion on her marriage. See Note under Dower.
Shak. Dryden.

3. A gift or presents for the bride, on espousal. See Dower.
Ask me never so much dowry and gift, and I will give . . .; but give
me the damsel to wife. Gen. xxxiv. 12.

DOWSE
Dowse, v. t. Etym: [Cf. 1st Douse.]

1. To plunge, or duck into water; to immerse; to douse.

2. Etym: [Cf. OD. doesen to strike, Norw. dusa to break.]

Defn: To beat or thrash. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

DOWSE
Dowse, v. i.

Defn: To use the dipping or divining rod, as in search of water, ore,
etc.
Adams had the reputation of having dowsed successfully for more than
a hundred wells. Eng. Cyc.

DOWSE
Dowse, n.

Defn: A blow on the face. [Low] Colman.

DOWSER
Dows"er, n.

1. A divining rod used in searching for water, ore, etc., a dowsing
rod. [Colloq.]

2. One who uses the dowser or divining rod. Eng. Cyc.

DOWST
Dowst, n.

Defn: A dowse. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

DOWVE
Dow"ve, n.

Defn: A dove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DOXOLOGICAL
Dox`o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to doxology; giving praise to God. Howell.

DOXOLOGIZE
Dox*ol"o*gize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Doxologized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Doxologizing.]

Defn: To give glory to God, as in a doxology; to praise God with
doxologies.

DOXOLOGY
Dox*ol"o*gy, n.; pl. Doxologies. Etym: [LL. doxologia, Gr. doxologie.
See Dogma, and Legend.]

Defn: In Christian worship: A hymn expressing praise and honor to
God; a form of praise to God designed to be sung or chanted by the
choir or the congregation.
David breaks forth into these triumphant praises and doxologies.
South.

DOXY
Dox"y, n.; pl. Doxies. Etym: [See Duck a pet.]

Defn: A loose wench; a disreputable sweetheart. Shak.

DOYEN
Doy`en", n. [F. See Dean.]

Defn: Lit., a dean; the senior member of a body or group; as, the
doyen of French physicians. "This doyen of newspapers."  A. R.
Colquhoun.

DOYLY
Doy"ly, n.

Defn: See Doily.

DOZE
Doze, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dozed; p. pr. & vb. n. Dozing.] Etym:
[Prob. akin to daze, dizzy: cf. Icel. d to doze, Dan. döse to make
dull, heavy, or drowsy, dös dullness, drowsiness, dösig drowsy, AS.
dw dull, stupid, foolish. Dizzy.]

Defn: To slumber; to sleep lightly; to be in a dull or stupefied
condition, as if half asleep; to be drowsy.
If he happened to doze a little, the jolly cobbler waked him.
L'Estrange.

DOZE
Doze, v. t.

1. To pass or spend in drowsiness; as, to doze away one's time.

2. To make dull; to stupefy. [Obs.]
I was an hour . . . in casting up about twenty sums, being dozed with
much work. Pepys.
They left for a long time dozed and benumbed. South.

DOZE
Doze, n.

Defn: A light sleep; a drowse. Tennyson.

DOZEN
Doz"en, n.; pl. Dozen (before another noun), Dozens (. Etym: [OE.
doseine, dosein, OF. doseine, F. douzaine, fr. douze twelve, fr. L.
duodecim; duo two + decem ten. See Two, Ten, and cf. Duodecimal.]

1. A collection of twelve objects; a tale or set of twelve; with or
without of before the substantive which follows. "Some six or seven
dozen of Scots." "A dozen of shirts to your back." "A dozen sons."
"Half a dozen friends." Shak.

2. An indefinite small number. Milton. A baker's dozen, thirteen; --
called also a long dozen.

DOZENTH
Doz"enth, a.

Defn: Twelfth. [R.]

DOZER
Doz"er, n.

Defn: One who dozes or drowses.

DOZINESS
Doz"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being dozy; drowsiness; inclination to sleep.

DOZY
Doz"y, a.

Defn: Drowsy; inclined to doze; sleepy; sluggish; as, a dozy head.
Dryden.

DOZZLED
Doz"zled, a. [

Defn: Stupid; heavy. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

DRAB
Drab, n. Etym: [AS. drabbe dregs, lees; akin to D. drab, drabbe,
dregs, G. treber; for sense 1, cf. also Gael. drabag a slattern,
drabach slovenly. Cf. Draff.]

1. A low, sluttish woman. King.

2. A lewd wench; a strumpet. Shak.

3. A wooden box, used in salt works for holding the salt when taken
out of the boiling pans.

DRAB
Drab, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drabbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Drabbing.]

Defn: To associate with strumpets; to wench. Beau. & Fl.

DRAB
Drab, n. Etym: [F. drap cloth: LL. drappus, trapus, perh. orig., a
firm, solid stuff, cf. F. draper to drape, also to full cloth; prob.
of German origin; cf. Icel. drepa to beat, strike, AS. drepan, G.
treffen; perh. akin to E. drub. Cf. Drape, Trappings.]

1. A kind of thick woolen cloth of a dun, or dull brownish yellow, or
dull gray, color; -- called also drabcloth.

2. A dull brownish yellow or dull gray color.

DRAB
Drab, a.

Defn: Of a color between gray and brown.
 -- n.

Defn: A drab color.

DRABBER
Drab"ber, n.

Defn: One who associates with drabs; a wencher. Massinger.

DRABBET
Drab"bet, n.

Defn: A coarse linen fabric, or duck.

DRABBISH
Drab"bish, a.

Defn: Somewhat drab in color.

DRABBISH
Drab"bish, a.

Defn: Having the character of a drab or low wench. "The drabbish
sorceress." Drant.

DRABBLE
Drab"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drabbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Drabbling.]
[Drab, Draff.]

Defn: To draggle; to wet and befoul by draggling; as, to drabble a
gown or cloak. Halliwell.

DRABBLE
Drab"ble, v. i.

Defn: To fish with a long line and rod; as, to drabble for barbels.

DRABBLER
Drab"bler, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of canvas fastened by lacing to the bonnet of a sail,
to give it a greater depth, or more drop.

DRABBLE-TAIL
Drab"ble-tail`, n.

Defn: A draggle-tail; a slattern. Halliwell.

DRACAENA
Dra*cæ"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of liliaceous plants with woody stems and funnel-shaped
flowers.

Note: Dracæna Draco, the source of the dragon's blood of the
Canaries, forms a tree, sometimes of gigantic size.

DRACANTH
Dra"canth, n.

Defn: A kind of gum; -- called also gum tragacanth, or tragacanth.
See Tragacanth.

DRACHM
Drachm, n. Etym: [See Drachma.]

1. A drachma.

2. Same as Dram.

DRACHMA
Drach"ma, n.; pl. E. Drachmas, L. Drachmæ. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Dram.]

1. A silver coin among the ancient Greeks, having a different value
in different States and at different periods. The average value of
the Attic drachma is computed to have been about 19 cents.

2. A gold and silver coin of modern Greece worth 19.3 cents.

3. Among the ancient Greeks, a weight of about 66.5 grains; among the
modern Greeks, a weight equal to a gram.

DRACHME
Drach"me, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Drachma.

DRACIN
Dra"cin, n.Etym: [Cf. F. dracine.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Draconin.

DRACO
Dra"co, n. Etym: [L. See Dragon.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: The Dragon, a northern constellation within which is the north
pole of the ecliptic.

2. A luminous exhalation from marshy grounds.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of lizards. See Dragon, 6.

DRACONIAN
Dra*co"ni*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Draco, a famous lawgiver of Athens, 621 b. c.
Draconian code, or Draconian laws, a code of laws made by Draco.
Their measures were so severe that they were said to be written in
letters of blood; hence, any laws of excessive rigor.

DRACONIC
Dra*con"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to Draco, the Athenian lawgiver; or to the
constellation Draco; or to dragon's blood.

DRACONIN
Dra*co"nin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. draconine. See Draco.] (Chem.)

Defn: A red resin forming the essential basis of dragon's blood; --
called also dracin.

DRACONTIC
Dra*con"tic, a. Etym: [From L. draco dragon, in allusion to the terms
dragon's head and dragon's tail.] (Astron.)

Defn: Belonging to that space of time in which the moon performs one
revolution, from ascending node to ascending node. See Dragon's head,
under Dragon. [Obs.] "Dracontic month." Crabb.

DRACONTINE
Dra*con"tine, a. Etym: [L. draco dragon.]

Defn: Belonging to a dragon. Southey.

DRACUNCULUS
Dra*cun"cu*lus, n.; pl. Dracunculi. Etym: [L., dim. of draco dragon.]
(Zoöl.)
(a) A fish; the dragonet.
(b) The Guinea worm (Filaria medinensis).

DRAD
Drad, p. p. & a.

Defn: Dreaded. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DRADDE
Drad"de, imp.

Defn: of Dread. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DRADGE
Dradge, n. (Min.)

Defn: Inferior ore, separated from the better by cobbing. Raymond.

DRAFF
Draff, n. Etym: [Cf. D. draf the sediment of ale, Icel. draf draff,
husks. Cf. 1st Drab.]

Defn: Refuse; lees; dregs; the wash given to swine or cows; hogwash;
waste matter.
Prodigals lately come from swine keeping, from eating draff and
husks. Shak.
The draff and offal of a bygone age. Buckle.
Mere chaff and draff, much better burnt. Tennyson.

DRAFF
Draff, n. Etym: [The same word as draught. OE. draught, draht, fr.
AS. dragan to draw. See Draw, and cf. Draught.]

1. The act of drawing; also, the thing drawn. Same as Draught.
Everything available for draft burden. S. G. Goodrich.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A selecting or detaching of soldiers from an army, or from any
part of it, or from a military post; also from any district, or any
company or collection of persons, or from the people at large; also,
the body of men thus drafted.
Several of the States had supplied the deficiency by drafts to serve
for the year. Marshall.

3. An order from one person or party to another, directing the
payment of money; a bill of exchange.
I thought it most prudent to deter the drafts till advice was
received of the progress of the loan. A. Hamilton.

4. An allowance or deduction made from the gross veight of goods.
Simmonds.

5. A drawing of lines for a plan; a plan delineated, or drawn in
outline; a delineation. See Draught.

6. The form of any writing as first drawn up; the first rough sketch
of written composition, to be filled in, or completed. See Draught.

7. (Masonry)
(a) A narrow border left on a finished stone, worked differently from
the rest of its face.
(b) A narrow border worked to a plane surface along the edge of a
stone, or across its face, as a guide to the stone-cutter.

8. (Milling)

Defn: The slant given to the furrows in the dress of a millstone.

9. (Naut.)

Defn: Depth of water necessary to float a ship. See Draught.

10. A current of air. Same as Draught.

DRAFFISH
Draff"ish, a.

Defn: Worthless; draffy. Bale.

DRAFFY
Draff"y, a.

Defn: Dreggy; waste; worthless.
The dregs and draffy part. Beau. & Fl.

DRAFT
Draft, a.

1. Pertaining to, or used for, drawing or pulling (as vehicles,
loads, etc.). Same as Draught.

2. Relating to, or characterized by, a draft, or current of air. Same
as Draught.

Note: The forms draft and draught, in the senses above-given, are
both on approved use. Draft box, Draft engine, Draft horse, Draft
net, Draft ox, Draft tube. Same as Draught box, Draught engine, etc.
See under Draught.

DRAFT
Draft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drafted; p. pr. & vb. n. Drafting.]

1. To draw the outline of; to delineate.

2. To compose and write; as, to draft a memorial.

3. To draw from a military band or post, or from any district,
company, or society; to detach; to select.
Some royal seminary in Upper Egypt, from whence they drafted novices
to supply their colleges and temples. Holwell.

4. To transfer by draft.
All her rents been drafted to London. Fielding.

DRAFTSMAN
Drafts"man, n.

Defn: See Draughtsman.

DRAG
Drag, n. Etym: [See 3d Dredge.]

Defn: A confection; a comfit; a drug. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DRAG
Drag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dragged; p. pr. & vb. n. Dragging.] Etym:
[OE. draggen; akin to Sw. dragga to search with a grapnel, fr. dragg
grapnel, fr. draga to draw, the same word as E. draw. Draw.]

1. To draw slowly or heavily onward; to pull along the ground by main
force; to haul; to trail; -- applied to drawing heavy or resisting
bodies or those inapt for drawing, with labor, along the ground or
other surface; as, to drag stone or timber; to drag a net in fishing.
Dragged by the cords which through his feet were thrust. Denham.
The grossness of his nature will have weight to drag thee down.
Tennyson.
A needless Alexandrine ends the song That, like a wounded snake,
drags its slow length along. Pope.

2. To break, as land, by drawing a drag or harrow over it; to harrow;
to draw a drag along the bottom of, as a stream or other water;
hence, to search, as by means of a drag.
Then while I dragged my brains for such a song. Tennyson.

3. To draw along, as something burdensome; hence, to pass in pain or
with difficulty.
Have dragged a lingering life. Dryden.
To drag an anchor (Naut.), to trail it along the bottom when the
anchor will not hold the ship.

Syn.
 -- See Draw.

DRAG
Drag, v. i.

1. To be drawn along, as a rope or dress, on the ground; to trail; to
be moved onward along the ground, or along the bottom of the sea, as
an anchor that does not hold.

2. To move onward heavily, laboriously, or slowly; to advance with
weary effort; to go on lingeringly.
The day drags through, though storms keep out the sun. Byron.
Long, open panegyric drags at best. Gay.

3. To serve as a clog or hindrance; to hold back.
A propeller is said to drag when the sails urge the vessel faster
than the revolutions of the screw can propel her. Russell.

4. To fish with a dragnet.

DRAG
Drag, n. Etym: [See Drag, v. t., and cf. Dray a cart, and 1st
Dredge.]

1. The act of dragging; anything which is dragged.

2. A net, or an apparatus, to be drawn along the bottom under water,
as in fishing, searching for drowned persons, etc.

3. A kind of sledge for conveying heavy bodies; also, a kind of low
car or handcart; as, a stone drag.

4. A heavy coach with seats on top; also, a heavy carriage. [Collog.]
Thackeray.

5. A heavy harrow, for breaking up ground.

6.
(a) Anything towed in the water to retard a ship's progress, or to
keep her head up to the wind; esp., a canvas bag with a hooped mouth,
so used. See Drag sail (below).
(b) Also, a skid or shoe, for retarding the motion of a carriage
wheel.
(c) Hence, anything that retards; a clog; an obstacle to progress or
enjoyment.
My lectures were only a pleasure to me, and no drag. J. D. Forbes.

7. Motion affected with slowness and difficulty, as if clogged. "Had
a drag in his walk." Hazlitt.

8. (Founding)

Defn: The bottom part of a flask or mold, the upper part being the
cope.

9. (Masonry)

Defn: A steel instrument for completing the dressing of soft stone.

10. (Marine Engin.)

Defn: The difference between the speed of a screw steamer under sail
and that of the screw when the ship outruns the screw; or between the
propulsive effects of the different floats of a paddle wheel. See
Citation under Drag, v. i., 3. Drag sail (Naut.), a sail or canvas
rigged on a stout frame, to be dragged by a vessel through the water
in order to keep her head to the wind or to prevent drifting; --
called also drift sail, drag sheet, drag anchor, sea anchor, floating
anchor, etc.
 -- Drag twist (Mining), a spiral hook at the end of a rod for
cleaning drilled holes.

DRAGANTINE
Dra*gan"tine, n. Etym: [See Dracanth.]

Defn: A mucilage obtained from, or containing, gun tragacanth.

DRAGBAR
Drag"bar`, n.

Defn: Same as Drawbar (b). Called also draglink, and drawlink. [U.
S.]

DRAGBOLT
Drag"bolt`, n.

Defn: A coupling pin. See under Coupling. [U. S.]

DRAGEES
Dra`gées", n. pl. Etym: [F. See 3d Dredge.] (Pharmacy)

Defn: Sugar-coated medicines.

DRAGGLE
Drag"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Draggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Draggling.]
Etym: [Freq. of drag. Drawl.]

Defn: To wet and soil by dragging on the ground, mud, or wet grass;
to drabble; to trail. Gray.
With draggled nets down-hanging to the tide. Trench.

DRAGGLE
Drag"gle, v. i.

Defn: To be dragged on the ground; to become wet or dirty by being
dragged or trailed in the mud or wet grass. Hudibras.

DRAGGLE-TAIL
Drag"gle-tail`, n.

Defn: A slattern who suffers her gown to trail in the mire; a
drabble-tail.

DRAGGLE-TAILED
Drag"gle-tailed`, a.

Defn: Untidy; sluttish; slatternly. W. Irving.

DRAG LINE; DRAG ROPE
Drag line or drag rope . (Aëronautics)

Defn: A guide rope.

DRAGLINK
Drag"link`, n. (Mach.)
(a) A link connecting the cranks of two shafts.
(b) A drawbar.

DRAGMAN
Drag"man, n.; pl. Dragmen (.

Defn: A fisherman who uses a dragnet. Sir M. Hale.

DRAGNET
Drag"net`, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. drægnet.]

Defn: A net to be drawn along the bottom of a body of water, as in
fishing.

DRAGOMAN
Drag"o*man, n.; pl. Dragomans. Etym: [From F. dragoman, or Sp.
dragoman, or It. dragomanno; all fr. LGr. tarjuman, from the same
source as E. targum. Cf. Drogman, Truchman.]

Defn: An interpreter; -- so called in the Levant and other parts of
the East.

DRAGON
Drag"on, n. Etym: [F. dragon, L. draco, fr. Gr. dar to see), and so
called from its terrible eyes. Cf. Drake a dragon, Dragoon.]

1. (Myth.)

Defn: A fabulous animal, generally represented as a monstrous winged
serpent or lizard, with a crested head and enormous claws, and
regarded as very powerful and ferocious.
The dragons which appear in early paintings and sculptures are
invariably representations of a winged crocodile. Fairholt.

Note: In Scripture the term dragon refers to any great monster,
whether of the land or sea, usually to some kind of serpent or
reptile, sometimes to land serpents of a powerful and deadly kind. It
is also applied metaphorically to Satan.
Thou breakest the heads of the dragons in the waters. Ps. lxxiv. 13.
Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder; the young lion and the
dragon shalt thou trample under feet. Ps. xci. 13.
He laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil and
Satan, and bound him a thousand years. Rev. xx. 2.

2. A fierce, violent person, esp. a woman. Johnson.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation of the northern hemisphere figured as a dragon;
Draco.

4. A luminous exhalation from marshy grounds, seeming to move through
the air as a winged serpent.

5. (Mil. Antiq.)

Defn: A short musket hooked to a swivel attached to a soldier's belt;
-- so called from a representation of a dragon's head at the muzzle.
Fairholt.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small arboreal lizard of the genus Draco, of several species,
found in the East Indies and Southern Asia. Five or six of the hind
ribs, on each side, are prolonged and covered with weblike skin,
forming a sort of wing. These prolongations aid them in making long
leaps from tree to tree. Called also flying lizard.

7. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of carrier pigeon.

8. (Her.)

Defn: A fabulous winged creature, sometimes borne as a charge in a
coat of arms.

Note: Dragon is often used adjectively, or in combination, in the
sense of relating to, resembling, or characteristic of, a dragon.
Dragon arum (Bot.), the name of several species of Arisæma, a genus
of plants having a spathe and spadix. See Dragon root(below).
 -- Dragon fish (Zoöl.), the dragonet.
 -- Dragon fly (Zoöl.), any insect of the family Libellulidæ. They
have finely formed, large and strongly reticulated wings, a large
head with enormous eyes, and a long body; -- called also mosquito
hawks. Their larvæ are aquatic and insectivorous.
 -- Dragon root (Bot.), an American aroid plant (Arisæma Dracontium);
green dragon.
 -- Dragon's blood, a resinous substance obtained from the fruit of
several species of Calamus, esp. from C. Rotang and C. Draco, growing
in the East Indies. A substance known as dragon's blood is obtained
by exudation from Dracæna Draco; also from Pterocarpus Draco, a tree
of the West Indies and South America. The color is red, or a dark
brownish red, and it is used chiefly for coloring varnishes, marbles,
etc. Called also Cinnabar Græcorum.
 -- Dragon's head. (a) (Bot.) A plant of several species of the genus
Dracocephalum. They are perennial herbs closely allied to the common
catnip. (b) (Astron.) The ascending node of a planet, indicated,
chiefly in almanacs, by the symbol Encyc. Brit.
 -- Dragon shell (Zoöl.), a species of limpet.
 -- Dragon's skin, fossil stems whose leaf scars somewhat resemble
the scales of reptiles; -- a name used by miners and quarrymen.
Stormonth.
 -- Dragon's tail (Astron.), the descending node of a planet,
indicated by the symbol Dragon's head (above).
 -- Dragon's wort (Bot.), a plant of the genus Artemisia (A.
dracunculus).
 -- Dragon tree (Bot.), a West African liliaceous tree (Dracæna
Draco), yielding one of the resins called dragon's blood. See
Dracæna.
 -- Dragon water, a medicinal remedy very popular in the earlier half
of the 17th century. "Dragon water may do good upon him." Randolph
(1640).
 -- Flying dragon, a large meteoric fireball; a bolide.

DRAGONET
Drag"on*et, n.

1. A little dragon. Spenser.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small British marine fish (Callionymuslyra); -- called also
yellow sculpin, fox, and gowdie.

DRAGONISH
Drag"on*ish, a.

Defn: resembling a dragon. Shak.

DRAGONLIKE
Drag"on*like`, a.

Defn: Like a dragon. Shak.

DRAGONNADE
Drag`on*nade", n. Etym: [F., fr. dragon dragoon, because Louis XIV.,
in persecuting the Protestants of his kingdom, quartered dragoons
upon them.]

Defn: The severe persecution of French Protestants under Louis XIV.,
by an armed force, usually of dragoons; hence, a rapid and
devastating incursion; dragoonade.
He learnt it as he watched the dragonnades, the tortures, the
massacres of the Netherlands. C. Kingsley.

DRAGON'S BLOOD; DRAGON'S HEAD; DRAGON'S TAIL
Drag"on's blood, Drag"on's head, Drag"on's tail.

Defn: See Dragon's blood, Dragon's head, etc., under Dragon.

DRAGOON
Dra*goon", n. Etym: [F. dragon dragon, dragoon, fr. L. draco dragon,
also, a cohort's standard (with a dragon on it). The name was given
from the sense standard. See Dragon.]

1. ((Mil.)

Defn: Formerly, a soldier who was taught and armed to serve either on
horseback or on foot; now, a mounted soldier; a cavalry man.

2. A variety of pigeon. Clarke. Dragoon bird (Zoöl.), the umbrella
bird.

DRAGOON
Dra*goon", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dragooned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dragooning.]

1. To harass or reduce to subjection by dragoons; to persecute by
abandoning a place to the rage of soldiers.

2. To compel submission by violent measures; to harass; to persecute.
The colonies may be influenced to anything, but they can be dragooned
to nothing. Price.
Lewis the Fourteenth is justly censured for trying to dragoon his
subjects to heaven. Macaulay.

DRAGOONADE
Drag`oon*ade", n.

Defn: See Dragonnade.

DRAGOONER
Dra*goon"er, n.

Defn: A dragoon. [Obs.]

DRAIL
Drail, v. t. & i. [

Defn: To trail; to draggle. [Obs.] South.

DRAIN
Drain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drained; p. pr. & vb. n. Draining.] Etym:
[AS. drehnigean to drain, strain; perh. akin to E. draw.]

1. To draw off by degrees; to cause to flow gradually out or off;
hence, to cause the exhaustion of.
Fountains drain the water from the ground adjacent. Bacon.
But it was not alone that the he drained their treasure and hampered
their industry. Motley.

2. To exhaust of liquid contents by drawing them off; to make
gradually dry or empty; to remove surface water, as from streets, by
gutters, etc.; to deprive of moisture; hence, to exhaust; to empty of
wealth, resources, or the like; as, to drain a country of its specie.
Sinking waters, the firm land to drain, Filled the capacious deep and
formed the main. Roscommon.

3. To filter.
Salt water, drained through twenty vessels of earth, hath become
fresh. Bacon.

DRAIN
Drain, v. i.

1. To flow gradually; as, the water of low ground drains off.

2. To become emptied of liquor by flowing or dropping; as, let the
vessel stand and drain.

DRAIN
Drain, n.

1. The act of draining, or of drawing off; gradual and continuous
outflow or withdrawal; as, the drain of specie from a country.

2. That means of which anything is drained; a channel; a trench; a
water course; a sewer; a sink.

3. pl.

Defn: The grain from the mashing tub; as, brewers' drains. [Eng.]
Halliwell. Box drain, Counter drain. See under Box, Counter.
 -- Right of drain (Law), an easement or servitude by which one man
has a right to convey water in pipes through or over the estate of
another. Kent.

DRAINABLE
Drain"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being drained.

DRAINAGE
Drain"age, n.

1. A draining; a gradual flowing off of any liquid; also, that which
flows out of a drain.

2. The mode in which the waters of a country pass off by its streams
and rivers.

3. (Engin.)

Defn: The system of drains and their operation, by which superfluous
water is removed from towns, railway beds, mines, and other works.

4. Area or district drained; as, the drainage of the Po, the Thames,
etc. Latham.

5. (Surg.)

Defn: The act, process, or means of drawing off the pus or fluids
from a wound, abscess, etc. Drainage tube (Surg.), a tube introduced
into a wound, etc., to draw off the discharges.

DRAINE
Draine, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The missel thrush.

DRAINER
Drain"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, drains.

DRAINING
Drain"ing, vb. n. Etym: of Drain, v. t. (Agric.)

Defn: The art of carrying off surplus water, as from land. Draining
tile. Same as Draintile.

DRAINPIPE
Drain"pipe`, n.

Defn: A pipe used for carrying off surplus water.

DRAINTILE
Drain"tile`, n.

Defn: A hollow tile used in making drains; -- called also draining
tile.

DRAINTRAP
Drain"trap`, n.

Defn: See 4th Trap, 5.

DRAKE
Drake, n. Etym: [Akin to LG. drake, OHG. antrache, anetrecho, G.
enterich, Icel. andriki, Dan. andrik, OSw. andrak, andrage, masc.,
and fr. AS. ened, fem., duck; akin to D. eend, G. ente, Icel. önd,
Dan. and, Sw. and, Lith. antis, L. anas, Gr. ati a water fowl. rich.
Cf. Gulaund.]

1. The male of the duck kind.

2. Etym: [Cf. Dragon fly, under Dragon.]

Defn: The drake fly.
The drake will mount steeple height into the air. Walton.
Drake fly, a kind of fly, sometimes used in angling.
The dark drake fly, good in August. Walton.

DRAKE
Drake, n. Etym: [AS. draca dragon, L. draco. See Dragon.]

1. A dragon. [Obs.]
Beowulf resolves to kill the drake. J. A. Harrison (Beowulf).

2. A small piece of artillery. [Obs.]
Two or three shots, made at them by a couple of drakes, made them
stagger. Clarendon.

DRAKE
Drake, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dravik, W. drewg, darnel, cockle, etc.]

Defn: Wild oats, brome grass, or darnel grass; -- called also drawk,
dravick, and drank. [Prov. Eng.] Dr. Prior.

DRAKESTONE
Drake"stone, n.

Defn: A flat stone so thrown along the surface of water as to skip
from point to point before it sinks; also, the sport of so throwing
stones; -- sometimes called ducks and drakes.
Internal earthquakes, that, not content with one throe, run along
spasmodically, like boys playing at what is called drakestone. De
Quincey.

DRAM
Dram, n. Etym: [OF. drame, F. drachme, L. drachma, drachm, drachma,
fr. Gr. Drachm, Drachma.]

1. A weight; in Apothecaries' weight, one eighth part of an ounce, or
sixty grains; in Avoirdupois weight, one sixteenth part of an ounce,
or 27.34375 grains.

2. A minute quantity; a mite.
Were I the chooser, a dram of well-doing should be preferred before
many times as mush the forcible hindrance of evildoing. Milton.

3. As much spirituous liquor as is usually drunk at once; as, a dram
of brandy; hence, a potation or potion; as, a dram of poison. Shak.

4. (Numis.)

Defn: A Persian daric. Ezra ii. 69. Fluid dram, or Fluid drachm. See
under Fluid.

DRAM
Dram, v. i. & t.

Defn: To drink drams; to ply with drams. [Low] Johnson. Thackeray.

DRAMA
Dra"ma, n. Etym: [L. drama, Gr. daryti.]

1. A composition, in prose or poetry, accommodated to action, and
intended to exhibit a picture of human life, or to depict a series of
grave or humorous actions of more than ordinary interest, tending
toward some striking result. It is commonly designed to be spoken and
represented by actors on the stage.
A divine pastoral drama in the Song of Solomon. Milton.

2. A series of real events invested with a dramatic unity and
interest. "The drama of war." Thackeray.
Westward the course of empire takes its way; The four first acts
already past, A fifth shall close the drama with the day; Time's
noblest offspring is the last. Berkeley.
The drama and contrivances of God's providence. Sharp.

3. Dramatic composition and the literature pertaining to or
illustrating it; dramatic literature.

Note: The principal species of the drama are tragedy and comedy;
inferior species are tragi-comedy, melodrama, operas, burlettas, and
farces. The romantic drama, the kind of drama whose aim is to present
a tale or history in scenes, and whose plays (like those of
Shakespeare, Marlowe, and others) are stories told in dialogue by
actors on the stage. J. A. Symonds.

DRAMATIC; DRAMATICAL
Dra*mat"ic, Dra*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. dramatique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the drama; appropriate to, or having the
qualities of, a drama; theatrical; vivid.
The emperor . . . performed his part with much dramatic effect.
Motley.

DRAMATICALLY
Dra*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dramatic manner; theatrically; vividly.

DRAMATIS PERSONAE
Dram"a*tis per*so"næ. Etym: [L.]

Defn: The actors in a drama or play.

DRAMATIST
Dram"a*tist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dramatiste.]

Defn: The author of a dramatic composition; a writer of plays.

DRAMATIZABLE
Dram"a*ti`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being dramatized.

DRAMATIZATION
Dram`a*ti*za"tion, n.

Defn: Act of dramatizing.

DRAMATIZE
Dram"a*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dramatized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dramatizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. dramatiser.]

Defn: To compose in the form of the drama; to represent in a drama;
to adapt to dramatic representation; as, to dramatize a novel, or an
historical episode.
They dramatized tyranny for public execration. Motley.

DRAMATURGIC
Dram`a*tur"gic, a.

Defn: Relating to dramaturgy.

DRAMATURGIST
Dram"a*tur`gist, n.

Defn: One versed in dramaturgy. Carlyle.

DRAMATURGY
Dram"a*tur`gy, n. Etym: [Gr. work: cf. F. dramaturgie.]

Defn: The art of dramatic composition and representation.

DRAMMING
Dram"ming, n.

Defn: The practice of drinking drams.

DRAMSELLER
Dram"sell`er, n.

Defn: One who sells distilled liquors by the dram or glass.

DRAMSHOP
Dram"shop`, n.

Defn: A shop or barroom where spirits are sold by the dram.

DRANK
Drank, imp.

Defn: of Drink.

DRANK
Drank, n. Etym: [Cf. 3d Drake.]

Defn: Wild oats, or darnel grass. See Drake a plant. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

DRAP D'ETE
Drap` d'é*té". Etym: [F., clot of summer.]

Defn: A thin woolen fabric, twilled like merino.

DRAPE
Drape, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Draped; p. pr. & vb. n. Draping.] Etym:
[F. draper, fr. drap cloth. See 3d Drab.]

1. To cover or adorn with drapery or folds of cloth, or as with
drapery; as, to drape a bust, a building, etc.
The whole people were draped professionally. De Quincey.
These starry blossoms, [of the snow] pure and white, Soft falling,
falling, through the night, Have draped the woods and mere. Bungay.

2. To rail at; to banter. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

DRAPE
Drape, v. i.

1. To make cloth. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. To design drapery, arrange its folds, etc., as for hangings,
costumes, statues, etc.

DRAPER
Dra"per, n. Etym: [F. drapier.]

Defn: One who sells cloths; a dealer in cloths; as, a draper and
tailor.

DRAPERIED
Dra"per*ied, a.

Defn: Covered or supplied with drapery. [R.] Byron.

DRAPERY
Dra"per*y, n.; pl. Draperies. Etym: [F. draperie.]

1. The occupation of a draper; cloth-making, or dealing in cloth.
Bacon.

2. Cloth, or woolen stuffs in general.
People who ought to be weighing out grocery or measuring out drapery.
Macaulay.

3. A textile fabric used for decorative purposes, especially when
hung loosely and in folds carefully disturbed; as: (a) Garments or
vestments of this character worn upon the body, or shown in the
representations of the human figure in art. (b) Hangings of a room or
hall, or about a bed.
Like one that wraps the drapery of his couch About him, and lies down
to pleasant dreams. Bryant.
All the decent drapery of life is to be rudely torn off. Burke.
Casting of draperies. See under Casting.
The casting of draperies . . . is one of the most important of an
artist's studies. Fairholt.

DRAPET
Dra"pet, n. Etym: [Dim. of drap.]

Defn: Cloth. [Obs.] Spenser.

DRASTIC
Dras"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. drastique. See Drama.] (Med.)

Defn: Acting rapidly and violently; efficacious; powerful; -- opposed
to bland; as, drastic purgatives.
 -- n. (Med.)

Defn: A violent purgative. See Cathartic.

DRASTY
Dras"ty, a. Etym: [AS. dærstan, dresten, dregs.]

Defn: Filthy; worthless. [Obs.] "Drasty ryming." Chaucer.

DRAUGH
Draugh, n.

Defn: See Draft. [Obs.]

DRAUGHT
Draught, n. Etym: [The same as draft, the spelling with gh indicating
an older pronunciation. See Draft, n., Draw.]

1. The act of drawing or pulling; as:
(a) The act of moving loads by drawing, as by beasts of burden, and
the like.
A general custom of using oxen for all sort of draught would be,
perhaps, the greatest improvement. Sir W. Temple.

(b) The drawing of a bowstring. [Obs.]
She sent an arrow forth with mighty draught. Spenser.

(c) Act of drawing a net; a sweeping the water for fish.
Upon the draught of a pond, not one fish was left. Sir M. Hale.

(d) The act of drawing liquor into the mouth and throat; the act of
drinking.
In his hands he took the goblet, but a while the draught forbore.
Trench.

(e) A sudden attack or drawing upon an enemy. [Obs.]
By drawing sudden draughts upon the enemy when he looketh not for
you. Spenser.
(f) (Mil.)

Defn: The act of selecting or detaching soldiers; a draft (see Draft,
n., 2)
(g) The act of drawing up, marking out, or delineating;
representation. Dryden.

2. That which is drawn; as:
(a) That which is taken by sweeping with a net.
Launch out into the deep, and let down your nets for a draught. Luke
v. 4.
He laid down his pipe, and cast his net, which brought him a very
great draught. L'Estrange.
(b) (Mil.)

Defn: The force drawn; a detachment; -- in this sense usually written
draft.
(c) The quantity drawn in at once in drinking; a potion or potation.
Disguise thyself as thou wilt, still, Slavery, . . . still thou art a
bitter draught. Sterne.
Low lies that house where nut-brown draughts inspired. Goldsmith.

(d) A sketch, outline, or representation, whether written, designed,
or drawn; a delineation.
A draught of a Toleration Act was offered to the Parliament by a
private member. Macaulay.
No picture or draught of these things from the report of the eye.
South.
(e) (Com.)

Defn: An order for the payment of money; -- in this sense almost
always written draft.
(f) A current of air moving through an inclosed place, as through a
room or up a chimney. Thackeray.
He preferred to go and sit upon the stairs, in . . . a strong draught
of air, until he was again sent for. Dickens.

3. That which draws; as:
(a) A team of oxen or horses. Blackstone.
(b) A sink or drain; a privy. Shak. Matt. xv. 17. (c) pl. (Med.)

Defn: A mild vesicatory; a sinapism; as, to apply draughts to the
feet.

4. Capacity of being drawn; force necessary to draw; traction.
The Hertfordshire wheel plow . . . is of the easiest draught.
Mortimer.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: The depth of water necessary to float a ship, or the depth a
ship sinks in water, especially when laden; as, a ship of twelve feet
draught.

6. (Com.)

Defn: An allowance on weighable goods. [Eng.] See Draft,

4.

7. A move, as at chess or checkers. [Obs.] Chaucer.

8. The bevel given to the pattern for a casting, in order that it may
be drawn from the sand without injury to the mold.

9. (Masonry)

Defn: See Draft, n.,

7. Angle of draught, the angle made with the plane over which a body
is drawn by the line in which the pulling force acts, when the latter
has the direction best adapted to overcome the obstacles of friction
and the weight of the body.
 -- Black draught. See under Black, a.
 -- Blast draught, or Forced draught, the draught produced by a
blower, as by blowing in air beneath a fire or drawing out the gases
from above it.
 -- Natural draught, the draught produced by the atmosphere flowing,
by its own weight, into a chimney wherein the air is rarefied by
heat.
 -- On draught, so as to be drawn from the wood (as a cask, barrel,
etc.) in distinction from being bottled; as, ale on draught.
 -- Sheer draught. See under Sheer.

DRAUGHT
Draught, a.

1. Used for drawing vehicles, loads, etc.; as, a draught beast;
draught hooks.

2. Relating to, or characterized by, a draft, or current of air.

3. Used in making drawings; as, draught compasses.

4. Drawn directly from the barrel, or other receptacle, in
distinction from bottled; on draught; -- said of ale, cider, and the
like.

Note: This word, especially in the first and second meanings, is
often written draft, a spelling which is approved by many
authorities. Draught box. See Draught tube, below.
 -- Draught engine (Mining), an engine used for pumping, raising
heavy weights, and the like.
 -- Draught hook (Mil.), one of the hooks on a cannon carriage, used
in drawing the gun backward and forward.
 -- Draught horse, a horse employed in drawing loads, plowing, etc.,
as distinguished from a saddle horse or carriage horse.
 -- Draught net, a seine or hauling net.
 -- Draught ox, an ox employed in hauling loads, plowing, etc.
 -- Draught tube (Water Wheels), an airtight pipe extending downward
into the tailrace from a turbine wheel located above it, to make
whole fall available; -- called also draught box.

DRAUGHT
Draught (draft), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Draughted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Draughting.]

1. To draw out; to call forth. See Draft. Addison.

2. To diminish or exhaust by drawing. [R.]
The Parliament so often draughted and drained. Sir W. Scott.

3. To draw in outline; to make a draught, sketch, or plan of, as in
architectural and mechanical drawing. Draughting room, a room
draughtsmen to work in, and where plans are kept.

DRAUGHTBOARD
Draught"board`, n.

Defn: A checkered board on which draughts are played. See
Checkerboard.

DRAUGHTHOUSE
Draught"house`, n.

Defn: A house for the reception of waste matter; a privy. [Obs.] 2
Kings x. 27.

DRAUGHTS
Draughts, n. pl.

Defn: A mild vesicatory. See Draught, n., 3 (c).

DRAUGHTS
Draughts, n. pl.

Defn: A game, now more commonly called checkers. See Checkers.

Note: Polish draughts is sometimes played with 40 pieces on a board
divided into 100 squares. Am. Cyc.

DRAUGHTSMAN
Draughts"man, n.; pl. Draughtsmen (.

1. One who draws pleadings or other writings.

2. One who draws plans and sketches of machinery, structures, and
places; also, more generally, one who makes drawings of any kind.

3. A "man" or piece used in the game of draughts.

4. One who drinks drams; a tippler. [Obs.] Tatler.

DRAUGHTSMANSHIP
Draughts"man*ship, n.

Defn: The office, art, or work of a draughtsman.

DRAUGHTY
Draught"y, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a draught, or current of air; as, a draughtly,
comfortless room.

DRAVE
Drave

Defn: , old imp. of Drive. [Obs.]

DRAVIDA
Dra"vi*da, n. pl. Etym: [Skr. Dravi, prob. meaning, Tamil.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: A race Hindostan, believed to be the original people who
occupied the land before the Hindoo or Aryan invasion.

DRAVIDIAN
Dra*vid"i*an, a. Etym: [From Skr. Dravi, the name of the southern
portion of the peninsula of India.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Dravida. Dravidian languages, a group
of languages of Southern India, which seem to have been the idioms of
the natives, before the invasion of tribes speaking Sanskrit. Of
these languages, the Tamil is the most important.

DRAW
Draw, v. t. [imp. Drew; p. p. Drawn; p. pr. & vb. n. Drawing.] Etym:
[OE. dra, drahen, draien, drawen, AS. dragan; akin to Icel. & Sw.
draga, Dan. drage to draw, carry, and prob. to OS. dragan to bear,
carry, D. dragen, G. tragen, Goth. dragan; cf. Skr. dhraj to move
along, glide; and perh. akin to Skr. dhar to hold, bear. Drag, Dray a
cart, 1st Dredge.]

1. To cause to move continuously by force applied in advance of the
thing moved; to pull along; to haul; to drag; to cause to follow.
He cast him down to ground, and all along Drew him through dirt and
mire without remorse. Spenser.
He hastened to draw the stranger into a private room. Sir W. Scott.
Do not rich men oppress you, and draw you before the judgment seats
James ii. 6.
The arrow is now drawn to the head. Atterbury.

2. To influence to move or tend toward one's self; to exercise an
attracting force upon; to call towards itself; to attract; hence, to
entice; to allure; to induce.
The poet Did feign that Orpheus drew trees, stones, and floods. Shak.
All eyes you draw, and with the eyes the heart. Dryden.

3. To cause to come out for one's use or benefit; to extract; to
educe; to bring forth; as: (a) To bring or take out, or to let out,
from some receptacle, as a stick or post from a hole, water from a
cask or well, etc.
The drew out the staves of the ark. 2 Chron. v. 9.
Draw thee waters for the siege. Nahum iii. 14.
I opened the tumor by the point of a lancet without drawing one drop
of blood. Wiseman.

(b) To pull from a sheath, as a sword.
I will draw my sword, my hand shall destroy them. Ex. xv. 9.

(c) To extract; to force out; to elicit; to derive.
Spirits, by distillations, may be drawn out of vegetable juices,
which shall flame and fume of themselves. Cheyne.
Until you had drawn oaths from him. Shak.

(d) To obtain from some cause or origin; to infer from evidence or
reasons; to deduce from premises; to derive.
We do not draw the moral lessons we might from history. Burke.

(e) To take or procure from a place of deposit; to call for and
receive from a fund, or the like; as, to draw money from a bank.
(f) To take from a box or wheel, as a lottery ticket; to receive from
a lottery by the drawing out of the numbers for prizes or blanks;
hence, to obtain by good fortune; to win; to gain; as, he drew a
prize.
(g) To select by the drawing of lots.
Provided magistracies were filled by men freely chosen or drawn.
Freeman.

4. To remove the contents of; as:
(a) To drain by emptying; to suck dry.
Sucking and drawing the breast dischargeth the milk as fast as it can
generated. Wiseman.

(b) To extract the bowels of; to eviscerate; as, to draw a fowl; to
hang, draw, and quarter a criminal.
In private draw your poultry, clean your tripe. King.

5. To take into the lungs; to inhale; to inspire; hence, also, to
utter or produce by an inhalation; to heave. "Where I first drew
air." Milton.
Drew, or seemed to draw, a dying groan. Dryden.

6. To extend in length; to lengthen; to protract; to stretch; to
extend, as a mass of metal into wire.
How long her face is drawn! Shak.
And the huge Offa's dike which he drew from the mouth of Wye to that
of Dee. J. R. Green.

7. To run, extend, or produce, as a line on any surface; hence, also,
to form by marking; to make by an instrument of delineation; to
produce, as a sketch, figure, or picture.

8. To represent by lines drawn; to form a sketch or a picture of; to
represent by a picture; to delineate; hence, to represent by words;
to depict; to describe.
A flattering painter who made it his care To draw men as they ought
to be, not as they are. Goldsmith.
Can I, untouched, the fair one's passions move, Or thou draw beauty
and not feel its power Prior.

9. To write in due form; to prepare a draught of; as, to draw a
memorial, a deed, or bill of exchange.
Clerk, draw a deed of gift. Shak.

10. To require (so great a depth, as of water) for floating; -- said
of a vessel; to sink so deep in (water); as, a ship draws ten feet of
water.

11. To withdraw. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Go wash thy face, and draw the action. Shak.

12. To trace by scent; to track; -- a hunting term.

Note: Draw, in most of its uses, retains some shade of its original
sense, to pull, to move forward by the application of force in
advance, or to extend in length, and usually expresses an action as
gradual or continuous, and leisurely. We pour liquid quickly, but we
draw it in a continued stream. We force compliance by threats, but we
draw it by gradual prevalence. We may write a letter with haste, but
we draw a bill with slow caution and regard to a precise form. We
draw a bar of metal by continued beating. To draw a bow, to bend the
bow by drawing the string for discharging the arrow.
 -- To draw a cover, to clear a cover of the game it contains.
 -- To draw a curtain, to cause a curtain to slide or move, either
closing or unclosing. "Night draws the curtain, which the sun
withdraws." Herbert.
 -- To draw a line, to fix a limit or boundary.
 -- To draw back, to receive back, as duties on goods for
exportation.
 -- To draw breath, to breathe. Shak.
 -- To draw cuts or lots. See under Cut, n.
 -- To draw in. (a) To bring or pull in; to collect. (b) To entice;
to inveigle.
 -- To draw interest, to produce or gain interest.
 -- To draw off, to withdraw; to abstract. Addison.
 -- To draw on, to bring on; to occasion; to cause. "War which either
his negligence drew on, or his practices procured." Hayward.
 -- To draw (one) out, to elicit cunningly the thoughts and feelings
of another.
 -- To draw out, to stretch or extend; to protract; to spread out.
 -- "Wilt thou draw out thine anger to all generations" Ps. lxxxv. 5.
"Linked sweetness long drawn out." Milton.
 -- To draw over, to cause to come over, to induce to leave one part
or side for the opposite one.
 -- To draw the longbow, to exaggerate; to tell preposterous tales.
 -- To draw (one) to or on to (something), to move, to incite, to
induce. "How many actions most ridiculous hast thou been drawn to by
thy fantasy" Shak.
 -- To draw up. (a) To compose in due form; to draught; to form in
writing. (b) To arrange in order, as a body of troops; to array.
"Drawn up in battle to receive the charge." Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To Draw, Drag. Draw differs from drag in this, that drag implies
a natural inaptitude for drawing, or positive resistance; it is
applied to things pulled or hauled along the ground, or moved with
toil or difficulty. Draw is applied to all bodies moved by force in
advance, whatever may be the degree of force; it commonly implies
that some kind of aptitude or provision exists for drawing. Draw is
the more general or generic term, and drag the more specific. We say,
the horses draw a coach or wagon, but they drag it through mire; yet
draw is properly used in both cases.

DRAW
Draw, v. i.

1. To pull; to exert strength in drawing anything; to have force to
move anything by pulling; as, a horse draws well; the sails of a ship
draw well.

Note: A sail is said to draw when it is filled with wind.

2. To draw a liquid from some receptacle, as water from a well.
The woman saith unto him, Sir, thou hast nothing to draw with, and
the well is deep. John iv. 11.

3. To exert an attractive force; to act as an inducement or
enticement.
Keep a watch upon the particular bias of their minds, that it may not
draw too much. Addison.

4. (Med.)

Defn: To have efficiency as an epispastic; to act as a sinapism; --
said of a blister, poultice, etc.

5. To have draught, as a chimney, flue, or the like; to furnish
transmission to smoke, gases, etc.

6. To unsheathe a weapon, especially a sword.
So soon as ever thou seest him, draw; and as thou drawest, swear
horrible. Shak.

7. To perform the act, or practice the art, of delineation; to
sketch; to form figures or pictures. "Skill in drawing." Locke.

8. To become contracted; to shrink. "To draw into less room." Bacon.

9. To move; to come or go; literally, to draw one's self; -- with
prepositions and adverbs; as, to draw away, to move off, esp. in
racing, to get in front; to obtain the lead or increase it; to draw
back, to retreat; to draw level, to move up even (with another); to
come up to or overtake another; to draw off, to retire or retreat; to
draw on, to advance; to draw up, to form in array; to draw near,
nigh, or towards, to approach; to draw together, to come together, to
collect.

10. To make a draft or written demand for payment of money deposited
or due; -- usually with on or upon.
You may draw on me for the expenses of your journey. Jay.

11. To admit the action of pulling or dragging; to undergo draught;
as, a carriage draws easily.

12. To sink in water; to require a depth for floating. "Greater hulks
draw deep." Shak. To draw to a head. (a) (Med.) To begin to
suppurate; to ripen, as a boil. (b) Fig.: To ripen, to approach the
time for action; as, the plot draws to a head.

DRAW
Draw, n.

1. The act of drawing; draught.

2. A lot or chance to be drawn.

3. A drawn game or battle, etc. [Colloq.]

4. That part of a bridge which may be raised, swung round, or drawn
aside; the movable part of a drawbridge. See the Note under
Drawbridge. [U.S.]

DRAWABLE
Draw"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being drawn.

DRAWBACK
Draw"back`, n.

1. A lose of advantage, or deduction from profit, value, success,
etc.; a discouragement or hindrance; objectionable feature.
The avaridrawback from the wisdom ascribed to him. Hallam.

2. (Com.)

Defn: Money paid back or remitted; especially, a certain amount of
duties or customs, sometimes the whole, and sometimes only a part,
remitted or paid back by the government, on the exportation of the
commodities on which they were levied. M

DRAWBAR
Draw"bar`, n. (Railroad)
(a) An openmouthed bar at the end of a car, which receives a coupling
link and pin by which the car is drawn. It is usually provided with a
spring to give elasticity to the connection between the cars of a
train.
(b) A bar of iron with an eye at each end, or a heavy link, for
coupling a locomotive to a tender or car.

DRAWBENCH
Draw"bench`, n. (Med.)

Defn: A machine in which strips of metal are drawn through a
drawplate; especially, one in which wire is thus made; -- also called
drawing bench.

DRAWBOLT
Draw"bolt`, n. (Engin.)

Defn: A coupling pin. See under Coupling.

DRAWBORE
Draw"bore`, n. (Joinery)

Defn: A hole bored through a tenon nearer to the shoulder than the
holes through the cheeks are to the edge or abutment against which
the shoulder is to rest, so that a pin or bolt, when driven into it,
will draw these parts together. Weale.

DRAWBORE
Draw"bore`, v. t.

1. To make a drawbore in; as, to drawbore a tenon.

2. To enlarge the bore of a gun barrel by drawing, instead of
thrusting, a revolving tool through it.

DRAWBOY
Draw"boy`, n. (Weaving)

Defn: A boy who operates the harness cords of a hand loom; also, a
part of power loom that performs the same office.

DRAWBRIDGE
Draw"bridge`, n.

Defn: A bridge of which either the whole or a part is made to be
raised up, let down, or drawn or turned aside, to admit or hinder
communication at pleasure, as before the gate of a town or castle, or
over a navigable river or canal.

Note: The movable portion, or draw, is called, specifically, a
bascule, balance, or lifting bridge, a turning, swivel, or swing
bridge, or a rolling bridge, according as it turns on a hinge
vertically, or on a pivot horizontally, or is pushed on rollers.

DRAWCANSIR
Draw"can*sir, n. Etym: [From the name of a bullying braggart
character in the play by George Villiers called "The Rehearsal."]

Defn: A blustering, bullying fellow; a pot-valiant braggart; a bully.
The leader was of an ugly look and gigantic stature; he acted like a
drawcansir, sparing neither friend nor foe. Addison.

DRAW-CUT
Draw"-cut`, n.

Defn: A single cut with a knife.

DRAWEE
Draw*ee", n. (Law)

Defn: The person on whom an order or bill of exchange is drawn; --
the correlative of drawer.

DRAWER
Draw"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, draws; as:
(a) One who draws liquor for guests; a waiter in a taproom. Shak.
(b) One who delineates or depicts; a draughtsman; as, a good drawer.
(c) (Law) One who draws a bill of exchange or order for payment; --
the correlative of drawee.

2. That which is drawn; as:
(a) A sliding box or receptacle in a case, which is opened by pulling
or drawing out, and closed by pushing in. (b) pl.

Defn: An under-garment worn on the lower limbs. Chest of drawers. See
under Chest.

DRAWFILING
Draw"fil`ing, n.

Defn: The process of smooth filing by working the file sidewise
instead of lengthwise.

DRAWGEAR
Draw"gear`, n.

1. A harness for draught horses.

2. (Railroad)

Defn: The means or parts by which cars are connected to be drawn.

DRAWGLOVES
Draw"gloves`, n. pl.

Defn: An old game, played by holding up the fingers. Herrick.

DRAWHEAD
Draw"head`, n. (Railroad)

Defn: The flanged outer end of a drawbar; also, a name applied to the
drawgear.

DRAWING
Draw"ing, n.

1. The act of pulling, or attracting.

2. The act or the art of representing any object by means of lines
and shades; especially, such a representation when in one color, or
in tints used not to represent the colors of natural objects, but for
effect only, and produced with hard material such as pencil, chalk,
etc.; delineation; also, the figure or representation drawn.

3. The process of stretching or spreading metals as by hammering, or,
as in forming wire from rods or tubes and cups from sheet metal, by
pulling them through dies.

4. (Textile Manuf.)

Defn: The process of pulling out and elongating the sliver from the
carding machine, by revolving rollers, to prepare it for spinning.

5. The distribution of prizes and blanks in a lottery.

Note: Drawing is used adjectively or as the first part of compounds
in the sense of pertaining to drawing, for drawing (in the sense of
pulling, and of pictorial representation); as, drawing master or
drawing-master, drawing knife or drawing-knife, drawing machine,
drawing board, drawing paper, drawing pen, drawing pencil, etc. A
drawing of tea, a small portion of tea for steeping.
 -- Drawing knife. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Drawing paper (Fine Arts), a thick, sized paper for draughtsman
and for water-color painting.
 -- Drawing slate, a soft, slaty substance used in crayon drawing; --
called also black chalk, or drawing chalk.
 -- Free-hand drawing, a style of drawing made without the use of
guiding or measuring instruments, as distinguished from mechanical or
geometrical drawing; also, a drawing thus executed.

DRAWING KNIFE; DRAWKNIFE
Draw"ing knife", Draw"knife`, n.

1. A joiner's tool having a blade with a handle at each end, used to
shave off surfaces, by drawing it toward one; a shave; -- called also
drawshave, and drawing shave.

2. (Carp.)

Defn: A tool used for the purpose of making an incision along the
path a saw is to follow, to prevent it from tearing the surface of
the wood.

DRAWING-ROOM
Draw"ing-room`, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. withdraw-ing-room.]

1. A room appropriated for the reception of company; a room to which
company withdraws from the dining room.

2. The company assembled in such a room; also, a reception of company
in it; as, to hold a drawing-room.
He [Johnson] would amaze a drawing-room by suddenly ejaculating a
clause of the Lord's Prayer. Macaulay.
Drawing-room car. See Palace car, under Car.

DRAWL
Drawl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drawled; p. pr. & vb. n. Drawling.] Etym:
[Prob. fr. draw: cf. D. dralen to linger, tarry, Icel. dralla to
loiter. See Draw, and cf. Draggle.]

Defn: To utter in a slow, lengthened tone.

DRAWL
Drawl, v. i.

Defn: To speak with slow and lingering utterance, from laziness, lack
of spirit, affectation, etc.
Theologians and moralists . . . talk mostly in a drawling and
dreaming way about it. Landor.

DRAWL
Drawl, n.

Defn: A lengthened, slow monotonous utterance.

DRAWLATCH
Draw"latch`, n.

Defn: A housebreaker or thief. [Obs.] Old Play (1631).

DRAWLING
Drawl"ing, n.

Defn: The act of speaking with a drawl; a drawl.
 -- Drawl"ing*ly, adv. Bacon.

DRAWLINK
Draw"link`, n.

Defn: Same as Drawbar (b).

DRAWLOOM
Draw"loom`, n.

1. A kind of loom used in weaving figured patterns; -- called also
drawboy.

2. A species of damask made on the drawloom.

DRAWN
Drawn, p. p. & a.

Defn: See Draw, v. t. & i. Drawn butter, butter melter and prepared
to be used as a sort of gravy.
 -- Drawn fowl, an eviscerated fowl.
 -- Drawn game or battle, one in which neither party wins; one
equally contested.
 -- Drawn fox, one driven from cover. Shak.
 -- Drawn work, ornamental work made by drawing out threads from fine
cloth, and uniting the cross threads, to form a pattern.

DRAWNET
Draw"net`, n.

Defn: A net for catching the larger sorts of birds; also, a dragnet.
Crabb.

DRAWPLATE
Draw"plate`, n.

Defn: A hardened steel plate having a hole, or a gradation of conical
holes, through which wires are drawn to be reduced and elongated.

DRAWROD
Draw"rod`, n. (Railroad)

Defn: A rod which unites the drawgear at opposite ends of the car,
and bears the pull required to draw the train.

DRAWSHAVE
Draw"shave`, n.

Defn: See Drawing knife.

DRAWSPRING
Draw"spring`, n. (Railroad)

Defn: The spring to which a drawbar is attached.

DRAY
Dray, n.

Defn: A squirrel's nest. Cowper.

DRAY
Dray, n. Etym: [AS. dræge a dragnet, fr. dragan. . See Draw, and cf.
2d Drag, 1st Dredge.]

1. A strong low cart or carriage used for heavy burdens. Addison.

2. A kind of sledge or sled. Halliwell. Dray cart, a dray.
 -- Dray horse, a heavy, strong horse used in drawing a dray.

DRAYAGE
Dray"age, n.

1. Use of a dray.

2. The charge, or sum paid, for the use of a dray.

DRAYMAN
Dray"man, n.; pl. Draymen (.

Defn: A man who attends a dray.

DRAZEL
Draz"el, n. Etym: [Cf. Dross, Drossel.]

Defn: A slut; a vagabond wench. Same as Drossel. [Obs.] Hudibras.

DREAD
Dread, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dreaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Dreading.] Etym:
[AS. dr, in comp.; akin to OS. dradan, OHG. tratan, both only in
comp.]

Defn: To fear in a great degree; to regard, or look forward to, with
terrific apprehension.
When at length the moment dreaded through so many years came close,
the dark cloud passed away from Johnson's mind. Macaulay.

DREAD
Dread, v. i.

Defn: To be in dread, or great fear.
Dread not, neither be afraid of them. Deut. i. 29.

DREAD
Dread, n.

1. Great fear in view of impending evil; fearful apprehension of
danger; anticipatory terror.
The secret dread of divine displeasure. Tillotson.
The dread of something after death. Shak.

2. Reverential or respectful fear; awe.
The fear of you, and the dread of you, shall be upon every beast of
the earth. Gen. ix. 2.
His scepter shows the force of temporal power, The attribute to awe
and majesty, Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings. Shak.

3. An object of terrified apprehension.

4. A person highly revered. [Obs.] "Una, his dear dread." Spenser.

5. Fury; dreadfulness. [Obs.] Spenser.

6. Doubt; as, out of dread. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- Awe; fear; affright; terror; horror; dismay; apprehension. See
Reverence.

DREAD
Dread, a.

1. Exciting great fear or apprehension; causing terror; frightful;
dreadful.
A dread eternity! how surely mine. Young.

2. Inspiring with reverential fear; awful' venerable; as, dread
sovereign; dread majesty; dread tribunal.

DREADABLE
Dread"a*ble, a.

Defn: Worthy of being dreaded.

DREAD-BOLTED
Dread"-bolt`ed, a.

Defn: Armed with dreaded bolts. "Dread-bolted thunder." [Poetic]
Shak.

DREADER
Dread"er, n.

Defn: One who fears, or lives in fear.

DREADFUL
Dread"ful, a.

1. Full of dread or terror; fearful. [Obs.] "With dreadful heart."
Chaucer.

2. Inspiring dread; impressing great fear; fearful; terrible; as, a
dreadful storm. " Dreadful gloom." Milton.
For all things are less dreadful than they seem. Wordsworth.

3. Inspiring awe or reverence; awful. [Obs.] "God's dreadful law."
Shak.

Syn.
 -- Fearful; frightful; terrific; terrible; horrible; horrid;
formidable; tremendous; awful; venerable. See Frightful.

DREADFULLY
Dread"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dreadful manner; terribly. Dryden.

DREADFULNESS
Dread"ful*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being dreadful.

DREADINGLY
Dread"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With dread. Warner.

DREADLESS
Dread"less, a.

1. Free from dread; fearless; intrepid; dauntless; as, dreadless
heart. "The dreadless angel." Milton.

2. Exempt from danger which causes dread; secure. " safe in his
dreadless den." Spenser.

DREADLESS
Dread"less, adv.

Defn: Without doubt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DREADLESSNESS
Dread"less*ness, n.

Defn: Freedom from dread.

DREADLY
Dread"ly, a.

Defn: Dreadful. [Obs.] "Dreadly spectacle." Spenser.
 -- adv.

Defn: With dread. [Obs.] "Dreadly to shake." Sylvester (Du Bartas).

DREADNAUGHT
Dread"naught`, n.

1. A fearless person.

2. Hence: A garment made of very thick cloth, that can defend against
storm and cold; also, the cloth itself; fearnaught.

DREADNOUGHT
Dread"nought`, n.

1. A British battleship, completed in 1906 -- 1907, having an
armament consisting of ten 12-inch guns, and of twenty-four 12-pound
quick-fire guns for protection against torpedo boats. This was the
first battleship of the type characterized by a main armament of big
guns all of the same caliber. She has a displacement of 17,900 tons
at load draft, and a speed of 21 knots per hour.

2.  Any battleship having its main armament entirely of big guns all
of one caliber. Since the Dreadnought was built, the caliber of the
heaviest guns has increased from 12 in. to 13½ in., 14 in., and 15
in., and the displacement of the largest batteships from 18,000 tons
to 30,000 tons and upwards. The term superdreadnought is popularly
applied to battleships with such increased displacement and gun
caliber.

DREAM
Dream, n. Etym: [Akin to OS. dr, D. droom, G. traum, Icel. draumr,
Dan. & Sw. dröm; cf. G. trügen to deceive, Skr. druh to harm, hurt,
try to hurt. AS. dreám joy, gladness, and OS. dr joy are, perh.,
different words; cf. Gr.

1. The thoughts, or series of thoughts, or imaginary transactions,
which occupy the mind during sleep; a sleeping vision.
Dreams are but interludes which fancy makes. Dryden.
I had a dream which was not all a dream. Byron.

2. A visionary scheme; a wild conceit; an idle fancy; a vagary; a
revery; -- in this sense, applied to an imaginary or anticipated
state of happiness; as, a dream of bliss; the dream of his youth.
There sober thought pursued the amusing theme, Till Fancy colored it
and formed a dream. Pope.
It is not them a mere dream, but a very real aim which they propose.
J. C. Shairp.

DREAM
Dream, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dreamed or Dreamt (p. pr. & vb. n.
Dreaming.] Etym: [Cf. AS. dr, dr, to rejoice. See Dream, n.]

1. To have ideas or images in the mind while in the state of sleep;
to experience sleeping visions; -- often with of; as, to dream of a
battle, or of an absent friend.

2. To let the mind run on in idle revery or vagary; to anticipate
vaguely as a coming and happy reality; to have a visionary notion or
idea; to imagine.
Here may we sit and dream Over the heavenly theme. Keble.
They dream on in a constant course of reading, but not digesting.
Locke.

DREAM
Dream, v. t.

Defn: To have a dream of; to see, or have a vision of, in sleep, or
in idle fancy; -- often followed by an objective clause.
Your old men shall dream dreams. Acts ii. 17.
At length in sleep their bodies they compose, And dreamt the future
fight. Dryden.
And still they dream that they shall still succeed. Cowper.
To dream away, out, through, etc., to pass in revery or inaction; to
spend in idle vagaries; as, to dream away an hour; to dream through
life. " Why does Antony dream out his hours" Dryden.

DREAMER
Dream"er, n.

1. One who dreams.

2. A visionary; one lost in wild imaginations or vain schemes of some
anticipated good; as, a political dreamer.

DREAMFUL
Dream"ful, a.

Defn: Full of dreams. " Dreamful ease." Tennyson.
 -- Dream"ful*ly, adv.

DREAMILY
Dream"i*ly, adv.

Defn: As if in a dream; softly; slowly; languidly. Longfellow.

DREAMINESS
Dream"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being dreamy.

DREAMINGLY
Dream"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dreamy manner.

DREAMLAND
Dream"land`, n.

Defn: An unreal, delightful country such as in sometimes pictured in
dreams; region of fancies; fairyland.
[He] builds a bridge from dreamland for his lay. Lowell.

DREAMLESS
Dream"less, a.

Defn: Free from, or without, dreams. Camden.
 -- Dream"less*ly, adv.

DREAMY
Dream"y, a. [Compar. Dreamier; superl. Dreamiest.]

Defn: Abounding in dreams or given to dreaming; appropriate to, or
like, dreams; visionary. "The dreamy dells." Tennyson.

DREAR
Drear, a. Etym: [See Dreary.]

Defn: Dismal; gloomy with solitude. "A drear and dying sound."
Milton.

DREAR
Drear, n.

Defn: Sadness; dismalness. [Obs.] Spenser.

DREARIHEAD; DREARIHOOD
Drear"i*head, Drear"i*hood, n.

Defn: Affliction; dreariness. [Obs.] Spenser.

DREARILY
Drear"i*ly, adv.

Defn: Gloomily; dismally.

DREARIMENT
Drear"i*ment, n.

Defn: Dreariness. [Obs.] Spenser.

DREARINESS
Drear"i*ness, n.

1. Sorrow; wretchedness. [Obs.]

2. Dismalness; gloomy solitude.

DREARING
Drear"ing, n.

Defn: Sorrow. [Obs.] Spenser.

DREARISOME
Drear"i*some, a.

Defn: Very dreary. Halliwell.

DREARY
Drear"y, a. [Compar. Drearier; superl. Dreariest.] Etym: [OE. dreori,
dreri, AS. dreórig, sad; akin to G. traurig, and prob. to AS. dreósan
to fall, Goth. driusan. Cf. Dross, Drear, Drizzle, Drowse.]

1. Sorrowful; distressful. [Obs.] " Dreary shrieks." Spenser.

2. Exciting cheerless sensations, feelings, or associations;
comfortless; dismal; gloomy. " Dreary shades." Dryden. "The dreary
ground." Prior.
Full many a dreary anxious hour. Keble.
Johnson entered on his vocation in the most dreary part of that
dreary interval which separated two ages of prosperity. Macaulay.

DRECCHE
Drec"che, v. t. Etym: [AS. dreccan, dreccean.]

1. To vex; to torment; to trouble. [Obs.]
As man that in his dream is drecched sore. Chaucer.

DRECCHE
Drec"che, v. i.

Defn: To delay. [Obs.] Gower.

DREDGE
Dredge, n. Etym: [F. drège, dreige, fish net, from a word akin to E.
draw; cf. D. dreg, dregge, small anchor, dregnet dragnet. Draw.]

1. Any instrument used to gather or take by dragging; as: (a) A
dragnet for taking up oysters, etc., from their beds. (b) A dredging
machine. (c) An iron frame, with a fine net attached, used in
collecting animals living at the bottom of the sea.

2. (Mining)

Defn: Very fine mineral matter held in suspension in water. Raymond.

DREDGE
Dredge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dredged; p. pr. & vb. n. Dredging.]

Defn: To catch or gather with a dredge; to deepen with a dredging
machine. R. Carew. Dredging machine, a machine (commonly on a boat)
used to scoop up mud, gravel, or obstructions from the bottom of
rivers, docks, etc., so as to deepen them.

DREDGE
Dredge, n. Etym: [OE. dragge, F. dragée, dredge, also, sugar plum;
cf. Prov. dragea, It. treggea; corrupted fr. LL. tragemata, pl.,
sweetmeats, Gr.

Defn: A mixture of oats and barley. [Obs.] Kersey.

DREDGE
Dredge, v. t.

Defn: To sift or sprinkle flour, etc., on, as on roasting meat. Beau.
& Fl. Dredging box. (a) Same as 2d Dredger. (b) (Gun.) A copper box
with a perforated lid; -- used for sprinkling meal powder over shell
fuses. Farrow.

DREDGER
Dredg"er, n.

1. One who fishes with a dredge.

2. A dredging machine.

DREDGER
Dredg"er, n. (Cookery)

Defn: A box with holes in its lid; -- used for sprinkling flour, as
on meat or a breadboard; -- called also dredging box, drudger, and
drudging box.

DREE
Dree, v. t. Etym: [AS. dreógan to bear, endure, complete.]

Defn: To endure; to suffer. [Scot.]

DREE
Dree, v. i.

Defn: To be able to do or endure. [Obs.]

DREE
Dree, a.

Defn: Wearisome; tedious. [Prov. Eng.]

DREG
Dreg, n. Etym: [Prob. from Icel. dregg; akin to Sw. drägg, cf. Icel.
& Sw. draga to draw. Cf. Draw.]

Defn: Corrupt or defiling matter contained in a liquid, or
precipitated from it; refuse; feculence; lees; grounds; sediment;
hence, the vilest and most worthless part of anything; as, the dregs
of society.
We, the dregs and rubbish of mankind. Dryden.

Note: Used formerly (rarely) in the singular, as by Spenser and
Shakespeare, but now chiefly in the plural.

DREGGINESS
Dreg"gi*ness, n.

Defn: Fullness of dregs or lees; foulness; feculence.

DREGGISH
Dreg"gish, a.

Defn: Foul with lees; feculent. Harvey.

DREGGY
Dreg"gy, a.

Defn: Containing dregs or lees; muddy; foul; feculent. Boyle.

DREIBUND
Drei"bund`, n. [G., fr. drei three + bund league.]

Defn: A triple alliance; specif., the alliance of Germany, Austria,
and Italy, formed in 1882.

DREIN
Drein, v. i.

Defn: To drain. [Obs.] Congreve.

DREINTE; DREINT
Drein"te, imp., Dreint (,

Defn: p. p. of Drench to drown. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DREISSENA
Dreis"se*na, n. Etym: [NL. Named after Dreyssen, a Belgian
physician.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of bivalve shells of which one species (D. polymorpha)
is often so abundant as to be very troublesome in the fresh waters of
Europe.

DRENCH
Drench, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drenched; p. pr. & vb. n. Drenching.]
Etym: [AS. drencan to give to drink, to drench, the causal of drincan
to drink; akin to D. drenken, Sw. dränka, G. tränken. See Drink.]

1. To cause to drink; especially, to dose by force; to put a potion
down the throat of, as of a horse; hence. to purge violently by
physic.
As "to fell," is "to make to fall," and "to lay," to make to lie." so
"to drench," is "to make to drink." Trench.

2. To steep in moisture; to wet thoroughly; to soak; to saturate with
water or other liquid; to immerse.
Now dam the ditches and the floods restrain; Their moisture has
already drenched the plain. Dryden.

DRENCH
Drench, n. Etym: [AS. drenc. See Drench, v. t.]

Defn: A drink; a draught; specifically, a potion of medicine poured
or forced down the throat; also, a potion that causes purging. "A
drench of wine." Dryden.
Give my roan horse a drench. Shak.

DRENCH
Drench, n. Etym: [AS. dreng warrior, soldier, akin to Icel. drengr.]
(O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A military vassal mentioned in Domesday Book. [Obs.] Burrill.

DRENCHE
Drench"e, v. t. & i.

Defn: To drown. [Obs.]
In the sea he drenched. Chaucer.

DRENCHER
Drench"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, west or steeps.

2. One who administers a drench.

DRENGAGE
Dren"gage, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: The tenure by which a drench held land. [Obs.] Burrill.

DRENT
Drent, p. p. Etym: [See Dreinte.]

Defn: Drenched; drowned. [Obs.] "Condemned to be drent." Spenser.

DRESDEN WARE
Dres"den ware`.

Defn: A superior kind of decorated porcelain made near Dresden in
Saxony.

DRESS
Dress, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dressed or Drest; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dressing.] Etym: [OF. drecier to make straight, raise, set up,
prepare, arrange, F. dresser. (assumed) LL. directiare, fr. L.
dirigere, directum, to direct; dis- + regere to rule. See Right, and
cf. Address, Adroit, Direct, Dirge.]

1. To direct; to put right or straight; to regulate; to order. [Obs.]
At all times thou shalt bless God and pray Him to dress thy ways.
Chaucer.

Note: Dress is used reflexively in Old English, in sense of "to
direct one's step; to addresss one's self."
To Grisild again will I me dresse. Chaucer.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To arrange in exact continuity of line, as soldiers; commonly
to adjust to a straight line and at proper distance; to align; as, to
dress the ranks.

3. (Med.)

Defn: To treat methodically with remedies, bandages, or curative
appliances, as a sore, an ulcer, a wound, or a wounded or diseased
part.

4. To adjust; to put in good order; to arrange; specifically: (a) To
prepare for use; to fit for any use; to render suitable for an
intended purpose; to get ready; as, to dress a slain animal; to dress
meat; to dress leather or cloth; to dress or trim a lamp; to dress a
garden; to dress a horse, by currying and rubbing; to dress grain, by
cleansing it; in mining and metallurgy, to dress ores, by sorting and
separating them.

And the Lord God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to
dress it. Gen. ii. 15.
When he dresseth the lamps he shall burn incense. Ex. xxx. 7.
Three hundred horses . . . smoothly dressed. Dryden.
Dressing their hair with the white sea flower. Tennyson
.
If he felt obliged to expostulate, he might have dressed his censures
in a kinder form. Carlyle.

(b) To cut to proper dimensions, or give proper shape to, as to a
tool by hammering; also, to smooth or finish.
(c) To put in proper condition by appareling, as the body; to put
clothes upon; to apparel; to invest with garments or rich
decorations; to clothe; to deck.
Dressed myself in such humility. Shak.
Prove that ever Idress myself handsome till thy return. Shak.

(d) To break and train for use, as a horse or other animal. To dress
up or out, to dress elaborately, artificially, or pompously. "You see
very often a king of England or France dressed up like a Julius
Cæsar." Addison.
 -- To dress a ship (Naut.), to ornament her by hoisting the national
colors at the peak and mastheads, and setting the jack forward; when
dressed full, the signal flags and pennants are added. Ham. Nav.
Encyc.

Syn.
 -- To attire; apparel; clothe; accouter; array; robe; rig; trim;
deck; adorn; embellish.

DRESS
Dress, v. i.

1. (Mil.)

Defn: To arrange one's self in due position in a line of soldiers; --
the word of command to form alignment in ranks; as, Right, dress!

2. To clothe or apparel one's self; to put on one's garments; to pay
particular regard to dress; as, to dress quickly. "To dress for a
ball." Latham.
To flaunt, to dress, to dance, to thrum. Tennyson
. To dress to the right, To dress to the left, To dress on the center
(Mil.), to form alignment with reference to the soldier on the
extreme right, or in the center, of the rank, who serves as a guide.

DRESS
Dress, n.

1. That which is used as the covering or ornament of the body;
clothes; garments; habit; apparel. "In your soldier's dress." Shak.

2. A lady's gown; as, silk or a velvet dress.

3. Attention to apparel, or skill in adjusting it.
Men of pleasure, dress, and gallantry. Pope.

4. (Milling)

Defn: The system of furrows on the face of a millstone. Knight. Dress
circle. See under Circle.
 -- Dress parade (Mil.), a parade in full uniform for review.

DRESS CIRCLE
Dress circle.

Defn: A gallery or circle in a theater, generally the first above the
floor, in which originally dress clothes were customarily worn.

DRESS COAT
Dress" coat`.

Defn: A coat with skirts behind only, as distinct from the frock
coat, of which the skirts surround the body. It is worn on occasions
of ceremony. The dress coat of officers of the United States army is
a full-skirted frock coat.

DRESSER
Dress"er, n.

1. One who dresses; one who put in order or makes ready for use; one
who on clothes or ornaments.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A kind of pick for shaping large coal.

3. An assistant in a hospital, whose office it is to dress wounds,
sores, etc.

4. Etym: [F. dressoir. See Dress, v. t.]
(a) A table or bench on which meat and other things are dressed, or
prepared for use.
(b) A cupboard or set of shelves to receive dishes and cooking
utensils.
The pewter plates on the dresser Caught and reflected the flame, as
shields of armies the sunshine. Longfellow.

DRESS GOODS
Dress" goods".

Defn: A term applied to fabrics for the gowns of women and girls; --
most commonly to fabrics of mixed materials, but also applicable to
silks, printed linens, and calicoes.

DRESSINESS
Dress"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being dressy.

DRESSING
Dress"ing, n.

1. Dress; raiment; especially, ornamental habiliment or attire. B.
Jonson.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: An application (a remedy, bandage, etc.) to a sore or wound.
Wiseman.

3. Manure or compost over land. When it remains on the surface, it is
called a top-dressing.

4. (Cookery)
(a) A preparation to fit food for use; a condiment; as, a dressing
for salad.
(b) The stuffing of fowls, pigs, etc.; forcemeat.

5. Gum, starch, and the like, used in stiffening or finishing silk,
linen, and other fabrics.

6. An ornamental finish, as a molding around doors, windows, or on a
ceiling, etc.

7. Castigation; scolding; -- often with down. [Colloq.] Dressing
case, a case of toilet utensils.
 -- Dressing forceps, a variety of forceps, shaped like a pair of
scissors, used in dressing wounds.
 -- Dressing gown, a light gown, such as is used by a person while
dressing; a study gown.
 -- Dressing room, an apartment appropriated for making one's toilet.
 -- Dressing table, a table at which a person may dress, and on which
articles for the toilet stand.
 -- Top-dressing, manure or compost spread over land and not worked
into the soil.

DRESSMAKER
Dress"mak`er, n.

Defn: A maker of gowns, or similar garments; a mantuamaker.

DRESSMAKING
Dress"mak`ing, n.

Defn: The art, process, or occupation, of making dresses.

DRESSY
Dress"y, a.

Defn: Showy in dress; attentive to dress.
A dressy flaunting maidservant. T. Hook.
A neat, dressy gentleman in black. W. Irving.

DREST
Drest, p. p.

Defn: of Dress.

DRETCH
Dretch, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Drecche. [Obs.]

DREUL
Dreul, v. i.

Defn: To drool. [Obs.]

DREVIL
Drev"il, n.

Defn: A fool; a drudge. See Drivel.

DREW
Drew, imp.

Defn: of Draw.

DREY
Drey, n.

Defn: A squirrel's nest. See Dray. [Obs.]

DREYE
Dreye, a.

Defn: Dry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DREYNTE; DREYNT
Dreyn"te, imp., Dreynt (,

Defn: p. p., of Drench to drown. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DRIB
Drib, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dribbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Dribbing.] Etym:
[Cf. Drip.]

Defn: To do by little and little; as:
(a) To cut off by a little at a time; to crop.
(b) To appropriate unlawfully; to filch; to defalcate.
He who drives their bargain dribs a part. Dryden.

(c) To lead along step by step; to entice.
With daily lies she dribs thee into cost. Dryden.

DRIB
Drib, v. t. & i. (Archery)

Defn: To shoot (a shaft) so as to pierce on the descent. [Obs.] Sir
P. Sidney.

DRIB
Drib, n.

Defn: A drop. [Obs.] Swift.

DRIBBER
Drib"ber, n.

Defn: One who dribs; one who shoots weakly or badly. [Obs.] Ascham.

DRIBBLE
Drib"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dribbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Dribbing.]
Etym: [Freq. of drib, which is a variant of drip.]

1. To fall in drops or small drops, or in a quick succession of
drops; as, water dribbles from the eaves.

2. To slaver, as a child or an idiot; to drivel.

3. To fall weakly and slowly. [Obs.] "The dribbling dart of love."
Shak. (Meas. for Meas. , i. 3, 2). [Perhaps an error for dribbing.]

DRIBBLE
Drib"ble, v. t.

Defn: To let fall in drops.
Let the cook . . . dribble it all the way upstairs. Swift.

DRIBBLE
Drib"ble, n.

Defn: A drizzling shower; a falling or leaking in drops. [Colloq.]

DRIBBLER
Drib"bler, n.

Defn: One who dribbles.

DRIBBLET; DRIBLET
Drib"blet, Drib"let, n. Etym: [From Dribble.]

Defn: A small piece or part; a small sum; a small quantity of money
in making up a sum; as, the money was paid in dribblets.
When made up in dribblets, as they could, their best securities were
at an interest of twelve per cent. Burke.

DRIE
Drie, v. t. Etym: [See Dree.]

Defn: To endure. [Obs.]
So causeless such drede for to drie. Chaucer.

DRIED
Dried, imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Day. Also adj.; as, dried apples.

DRIER
Dri"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, dries; that which may expel or absorb
moisture; a desiccative; as, the sun and a northwesterly wind are
great driers of the earth.

2. (Paint.)

Defn: Drying oil; a substance mingled with the oil used in oil
painting to make it dry quickly.

DRIER; DRIEST
Dri"er, compar., Dri"est, superl.,

Defn: of Dry, a.

DRIFT
Drift, n. Etym: [From drive; akin to LG. & D. drift a driving, Icel.
drift snowdrift, Dan. drift, impulse, drove, herd, pasture, common,
G. trift pasturage, drove. See Drive.]

1. A driving; a violent movement.
The dragon drew him [self] away with drift of his wings. King
Alisaunder (1332).

2. The act or motion of drifting; the force which impels or drives;
an overpowering influence or impulse.
A bad man, being under the drift of any passion, will follow the
impulse of it till something interpose. South.

3. Course or direction along which anything is driven; setting. "Our
drift was south." Hakluyt.

4. The tendency of an act, argument, course of conduct, or the like;
object aimed at or intended; intention; hence, also, import or
meaning of a sentence or discourse; aim.
He has made the drift of the whole poem a compliment on his country
in general. Addison.
Now thou knowest my drift. Sir W. Scott.

5. That which is driven, forced, or urged along; as:
(a) Anything driven at random. "Some log . . . a useless drift."
Dryden.
(b) A mass of matter which has been driven or forced onward together
in a body, or thrown together in a heap, etc., esp. by wind or water;
as, a drift of snow, of ice, of sand, and the like.
Drifts of rising dust involve the sky. Pope.
We got the brig a good bed in the rushing drift [of ice]. Kane.

(c) A drove or flock, as of cattle, sheep, birds. [Obs.]
Cattle coming over the bridge (with their great drift doing much
damage to the high ways). Fuller.

6. (Arch.)

Defn: The horizontal thrust or pressure of an arch or vault upon the
abutments. [R.] Knight.

7. (Geol.)

Defn: A collection of loose earth and rocks, or boulders, which have
been distributed over large portions of the earth's surface,
especially in latitudes north of forty degrees, by the agency of ice.

8. In South Africa, a ford in a river.

9. (Mech.)

Defn: A slightly tapered tool of steel for enlarging or shaping a
hole in metal, by being forced or driven into or through it; a
broach.

10. (Mil.)
(a) A tool used in driving down compactly the composition contained
in a rocket, or like firework.
(b) A deviation from the line of fire, peculiar to oblong
projectiles.

11. (Mining)

Defn: A passage driven or cut between shaft and shaft; a driftway; a
small subterranean gallery; an adit or tunnel.

12. (Naut.)
(a) The distance through which a current flows in a given time.
(b) The angle which the line of a ship's motion makes with the
meridian, in drifting.
(c) The distance to which a vessel is carried off from her desired
course by the wind, currents, or other causes.
(d) The place in a deep-waisted vessel where the sheer is raised and
the rail is cut off, and usually terminated with a scroll, or
driftpiece.
(e) The distance between the two blocks of a tackle.

13. The difference between the size of a bolt and the hole into which
it is driven, or between the circumference of a hoop and that of the
mast on which it is to be driven.

Note: Drift is used also either adjectively or as the first part of a
compound. See Drift, a. Drift of the forest (O. Eng. Law), an
examination or view of the cattle in a forest, in order to see whose
they are, whether they are commonable, and to determine whether or
not the forest is surcharged. Burrill.

DRIFT
Drift, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Drifting.]

1. To float or be driven along by, or as by, a current of water or
air; as, the ship drifted astern; a raft drifted ashore; the balloon
drifts slowly east.
We drifted o'er the harbor bar. Coleridge.

2. To accumulate in heaps by the force of wind; to be driven into
heaps; as, snow or sand drifts.

3. (mining)

Defn: to make a drift; to examine a vein or ledge for the purpose of
ascertaining the presence of metals or ores; to follow a vein; to
prospect. [U.S.]

DRIFT
Drift, v. t.

1. To drive or carry, as currents do a floating body. J. H. Newman.

2. To drive into heaps; as, a current of wind drifts snow or sand.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: To enlarge or shape, as a hole, with a drift.

DRIFT
Drift, a.

Defn: That causes drifting or that is drifted; movable by wind or
currents; as, drift currents; drift ice; drift mud. Kane. Drift
anchor. See Sea anchor, and also Drag sail, under Drag, n.
 -- Drift epoch (Geol.), the glacial epoch.
 -- Drift net, a kind of fishing net.
 -- Drift sail. Same as Drag sail. See under Drag, n.

DRIFTAGE
Drift"age, n.

1. Deviation from a ship's course due to leeway.

2. Anything that drifts.

DRIFTBOLT
Drift"bolt`, n.

Defn: A bolt for driving out other bolts.

DRIFTLESS
Drift"less, a.

Defn: Having no drift or direction; without aim; purposeless.

DRIFTPIECE
Drift"piece", n. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: An upright or curved piece of timber connecting the plank sheer
with the gunwale; also, a scroll terminating a rail.

DRIFTPIN
Drift"pin`, n. (Mech.)

Defn: A smooth drift. See Drift, n., 9.

DRIFTWAY
Drift"way`, n.

1. A common way, road, or path, for driving cattle. Cowell. Burrill.

2. (Mining)

Defn: Same as Drift, 11.

DRIFTWEED
Drift"weed`, n.

Defn: Seaweed drifted to the shore by the wind. Darwin.

DRIFTWIND
Drift"wind`, n.

Defn: A driving wind; a wind that drives snow, sand, etc., into
heaps. Beau. & Fl.

DRIFTWOOD
Drift"wood`, n.

1. Wood drifted or floated by water.

2. Fig.: Whatever is drifting or floating as on water.
The current of humanity, with its heavy proportion of very useless
driftwood. New Your Times.

DRIFTY
Drift"y, a.

Defn: Full of drifts; tending to form drifts, as snow, and the like.

DRILL
Drill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Drilling.] Etym:
[D. drillen to bore, drill (soldiers); probably akin to AS. pyrlian,
pyrelian, to pierce. See Thrill.]

1. To pierce or bore with a drill, or a with a drill; to perforate;
as, to drill a hole into a rock; to drill a piece of metal.

2. To train in the military art; to exercise diligently, as soldiers,
in military evolutions and exercises; hence, to instruct thoroughly
in the rudiments of any art or branch of knowledge; to discipline.
He [Frederic the Great] drilled his people, as he drilled his
grenadiers. Macaulay.

DRILL
Drill, v. i.

Defn: To practice an exercise or exercises; to train one's self.

DRILL
Drill, n.

1. An instrument with an edged or pointed end used for making holes
in hard substances; strictly, a tool that cuts with its end, by
revolving, as in drilling metals, or by a succession of blows, as in
drilling stone; also, a drill press.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: The act or exercise of training soldiers in the military art,
as in the manual of arms, in the execution of evolutions, and the
like; hence, diligent and strict instruction and exercise in the
rudiments and methods of any business; a kind or method of military
exercises; as, infantry drill; battalion drill; artillery drill.

3. Any exercise, physical or mental, enforced with regularity and by
constant repetition; as, a severe drill in Latin grammar.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine gastropod, of several species, which kills oysters and
other bivalves by drilling holes through the shell. The most
destructive kind is Urosalpinx cinerea. Bow drill, Breast drill. See
under Bow, Breast.
 -- Cotter drill, or Traverse drill, a machine tool for drilling
slots.
 -- Diamond drill. See under Diamond.
 -- Drill jig. See under Jig.
 -- Drill pin, the pin in a lock which enters the hollow stem of the
key.
 -- Drill sergeant (Mil.), a noncommissioned officer whose office it
is to instruct soldiers as to their duties, and to train them to
military exercises and evolutions.
 -- Vertical drill, a drill press.

DRILL
Drill, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Trill to trickle, Trickle, Dribble, and W.
rhillio to put in a row, drill.]

1. To cause to flow in drills or rills or by trickling; to drain by
trickling; as, waters drilled through a sandy stratum. [R.] Thomson.

2. To sow, as seeds, by dribbling them along a furrow or in a row,
like a trickling rill of water.

3. To entice; to allure from step; to decoy; -- with on. [Obs.]
See drilled him on to five-fifty. Addison.

4. To cause to slip or waste away by degrees. [Obs.]
This accident hath drilled away the whole summer. Swift.

DRILL
Drill, v. i.

1. To trickle. [Obs. or R.] Sandys.

2. To sow in drills.

DRILL
Drill, n.

1. A small trickling stream; a rill. [Obs.]
Springs through the pleasant meadows pour their drills. Sandys.

2. (Agr.)
(a) An implement for making holes for sowing seed, and sometimes so
formed as to contain seeds and drop them into the hole made.
(b) A light furrow or channel made to put seed into sowing.
(c) A row of seed sown in a furrow.

Note: Drill is used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound;
as, drill barrow or drill-barrow; drill husbandry; drill plow or
drill-plow. Drill barrow, a wheeled implement for planting seed in
drills.
 -- Drill bow, a small bow used for the purpose of rapidly turning a
drill around which the bowstring takes a turn.
 -- Drill harrow, a harrow used for stirring the ground between rows,
or drills.
 -- Drill plow, or Drill plough, a sort plow for sowing grain in
drills.

DRILL
Drill, n. Etym: [Cf. Mandrill.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large African baboon (Cynocephalus leucophæus).

DRILL
Drill, n. Etym: [Usually in pl.] (Manuf.)

Defn: Same as Drilling. Imperial drill, a linen fabric having two
threads in the warp and three in the filling.

DRILLER
Drill"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, drills.

DRILLING
Drill"ing, n.

1. The act of piercing with a drill.

2. A training by repeated exercises.

DRILLING
Drill"ing, n.

Defn: The act of using a drill in sowing seeds.

DRILLING
Drill"ing, n. Etym: [G. drillich, fr. L. trilix having three threads,
fr. the of tres three + licium a thread of the warm. See Three, and
cf. Twill.] (Manuf.)

Defn: A heavy, twilled fabric of linen or cotton.

DRILLMASTER
Drill"mas`ter, n.

Defn: One who teaches drill, especially in the way of gymnastics.
Macaulay.

DRILL PRESS
Drill" press` .

Defn: A machine for drilling holes in metal, the drill being pressed
to the metal by the action of a screw.

DRILLSTOCK
Drill"stock`, n. (Mech.)

Defn: A contrivance for holding and turning a drill. Knight.

DRILY
Dri"ly, adv.

Defn: See Dryly. Thackeray.

DRIMYS
Dri"mys, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of magnoliaceous trees. Drimys aromatica furnishes
Winter's bark.

DRINK
Drink, v. i. [imp. Drank, formerly Drunk (; & p. p. Drunk, Drunken (;
p. pr. & vb. n. Drinking. Drunken is now rarely used, except as a
verbal adj. in sense of habitually intoxicated; the form drank, not
infrequently used as a p. p., is not so analogical.] Etym: [AS.
drincan; akin to OS. drinkan, D. drinken, G. trinken, Icel. drekka,
Sw. dricka, Dan. drikke, Goth. drigkan. Cf. Drench, Drunken, Drown.]

1. To swallow anything liquid, for quenching thirst or other purpose;
to imbibe; to receive or partake of, as if in satisfaction of thirst;
as, to drink from a spring.
Gird thyself, and serve me, till have eaten and drunken; and
afterward thou shalt eat and drink. Luke xvii. 8.
He shall drink of the wrath the Almighty. Job xxi. 20.
Drink of the cup that can not cloy. Keble.

2. To quaff exhilarating or intoxicating liquors, in merriment or
feasting; to carouse; to revel; hence, to lake alcoholic liquors to
excess; to be intemperate in the Pope.
And they drank, and were merry with him. Gem. xliii. 34.
Bolingbroke always spoke freely when he had drunk freely. Thackeray.
To drink to, to salute in drinking; to wish well to, in the act of
taking the cup; to pledge in drinking.
I drink to the general joy of the whole table, And to our dear friend
Banquo. Shak.

DRINK
Drink, v. t.

1. To swallow (a liquid); to receive, as a fluid, into the stomach;
to imbibe; as, to drink milk or water.
There lies she with the blessed gods in bliss, There drinks the
nectar with ambrosia mixed. Spenser.
The bowl of punch which was brewed and drunk in Mrs. Betty's room.
Thackeray.

2. To take in (a liquid), in any manner; to suck up; to absorb; to
imbibe.
And let the purple violets drink the stream. Dryden.

3. To take in; to receive within one, through the senses; to inhale;
to hear; to see.
To drink the cooler air, Tennyson.
My ears have not yet drunk a hundred words Of that tongue's
utterance. Shak.
Let me . . . drink delicious poison from thy eye. Pope.

4. To smoke, as tobacco. [Obs.]
And some men now live ninety years and past, Who never drank to
tobacco first nor last. Taylor (1630. )
To drink down, to act on by drinking; to reduce or subdue; as, to
drink down unkindness. Shak.
 -- To drink in, to take into one's self by drinking, or as by
drinking; to receive and appropriate as in satisfaction of thirst.
"Song was the form of literature which he [Burns] had drunk in from
his cradle." J. C. Shairp.
 -- To drink off or up, to drink the whole at a draught; as, to drink
off a cup of cordial.
 -- To drink the health of, or To drink to the health of, to drink
while expressing good wishes for the health or welfare of.

DRINK
Drink, n.

1. Liquid to be swallowed; any fluid to be taken into the stomach for
quenching thirst or for other purposes, as water, coffee, or
decoctions.
Give me some drink, Titinius. Shak.

2. Specifically, intoxicating liquor; as, when drink is on, wit is
out. Drink money, or Drink penny, an allowance, or perquisite, given
to buy drink; a gratuity.
 -- Drink offering (Script.), an offering of wine, etc., in the
Jewish religious service.
 -- In drink, drunk. "The poor monster's in drink." Shak.
 -- Strong drink, intoxicating liquor; esp., liquor containing a
large proportion of alcohol. " Wine is a mocker, strong drink is
raging." Prov. xx. 1.

DRINKABLE
Drink"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being drunk; suitable for drink; potable. Macaulay.
Also used substantively, esp. in the plural. Steele.

DRINKABLENESS
Drink"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: State of being drinkable.

DRINKER
Drink"er, n.

Defn: One who drinks; as, the effects of tea on the drinker; also,
one who drinks spirituous liquors to excess; a drunkard. Drinker moth
(Zoöl.), a large British moth (Odonestis potatoria).

DRINKING
Drink"ing, n.

1. The act of one who drinks; the act of imbibing.

2. The practice of partaking to excess of intoxicating liquors.

3. An entertainment with liquors; a carousal.

Note: Drinking is used adjectively, or as the first part of a
compound; as, a drinking song, drinking cup, drinking glass, drinking
house, etc. Drinking horn, a drinking vessel made of a horn.

DRINKLESS
Drink"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of drink. Chaucer.

DRIP
Drip, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dripped or Dript; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dripping.] Etym: [Akin to LG. drippen, Dan. dryppe, from a noun. See
Drop.]

1. To fall in drops; as, water drips from the eaves.

2. To let fall drops of moisture or liquid; as, a wet garment drips.
The dark round of the dripping wheel. Tennyson.

DRIP
Drip, v. t.

Defn: To let fall in drops.
Which from the thatch drips fast a shower of rain. Swift.

DRIP
Drip, n.

1. A falling or letting fall in drops; a dripping; that which drips,
or falls in drops.
The light drip of the suspended oar. Byron.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: That part of a cornice, sill course, or other horizontal
member, which projects beyond the rest, and is of such section as to
throw off the rain water. Right of drip (Law), an easement or
servitude by which a man has the right to have the water flowing from
his house fall on the land of his neighbor.

DRIPPING
Drip"ping, n.

1. A falling in drops, or the sound so made.

2. That which falls in drops, as fat from meat in roasting. Dripping
pan, a pan for receiving the fat which drips from meat in roasting.

DRIPPLE
Drip"ple, a. Etym: [From Drip, cf. Dribble.]

Defn: Weak or rare. [Obs.]

DRIPSTONE
Drip"stone`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A drip, when made of stone. See Drip, 2.

DRIVE
Drive, v. t. [imp. Drove, formerly Drave (p. p. Driven; p. pr. & vb.
n. Driving.] Etym: [AS. drifan; akin to OS. driban, D. drijven, OHG.
triban, G. treiben, Icel. drifa, Goth. dreiban. Cf. Drift, Drove.]

1. To impel or urge onward by force in a direction away from one, or
along before one; to push forward; to compel to move on; to
communicate motion to; as, to drive cattle; to drive a nail; smoke
drives persons from a room.
A storm came on and drove them into Pylos. Jowett (Thucyd. ).
Shield pressed on shield, and man drove man along. Pope.
Go drive the deer and drag the finny prey. Pope.

2. To urge on and direct the motions of, as the beasts which draw a
vehicle, or the vehicle borne by them; hence, also, to take in a
carriage; to convey in a vehicle drawn by beasts; as, to drive a pair
of horses or a stage; to drive a person to his own door.
How . . . proud he was to drive such a brother! Thackeray.

3. To urge, impel, or hurry forward; to force; to constrain; to urge,
press, or bring to a point or state; as, to drive person by
necessity, by persuasion, by force of circumstances, by argument, and
the like. " Enough to drive one mad." Tennyson.
He, driven to dismount, threatened, if I did not do the like, to do
as much for my horse as fortune had done for his. Sir P. Sidney.

4. To carry or; to keep in motion; to conduct; to prosecute. [Now
used only colloquially.] Bacon.
The trade of life can not be driven without partners. Collier.

5. To clear, by forcing away what is contained.
To drive the country, force the swains away. Dryden.

6. (Mining)

Defn: To dig Horizontally; to cut a horizontal gallery or tunnel.
Tomlinson.

7. To pass away; -- said of time. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Note: Drive, in all its senses, implies forcible or violent action.
It is the reverse of to lead. To drive a body is to move it by
applying a force behind; to lead is to cause to move by applying the
force before, or in front. It takes a variety of meanings, according
to the objects by which it is followed; as, to drive an engine, to
direct and regulate its motions; to drive logs, to keep them in the
current of a river and direct them in their course; to drive feathers
or down, to place them in a machine, which, by a current of air,
drives off the lightest to one end, and collects them by themselves.
"My thrice-driven bed of down." Shak.

DRIVE
Drive, v. i.

1. To rush and press with violence; to move furiously.
Fierce Boreas drove against his flying sails. Dryden.
Under cover of the night and a driving tempest. Prescott.
Time driveth onward fast, And in a little while our lips are dumb.
Tennyson.

2. To be forced along; to be impelled; to be moved by any physical
force or agent; to be driven.
The hull drives on, though mast and sail be torn. Byron.
The chaise drives to Mr. Draper's chambers. Thackeray.

3. To go by carriage; to pass in a carriage; to proceed by directing
or urging on a vehicle or the animals that draw it; as, the coachman
drove to my door.

4. To press forward; to aim, or tend, to a point; to make an effort;
to strive; -- usually with at.
Let them therefore declare what carnal or secular interest he drove
at. South.

5. To distrain for rent. [Obs.] To let drive, to aim a blow; to
strike with force; to attack. "Four rogues in buckram let drive at
me." Shak.

DRIVE
Drive, p. p.

Defn: Driven. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DRIVE
Drive, n.

1. The act of driving; a trip or an excursion in a carriage, as for
exercise or pleasure; -- distinguished from a ride taken on
horseback.

2. A place suitable or agreeable for driving; a road prepared for
driving.

3. Violent or rapid motion; a rushing onward or away; esp., a forced
or hurried dispatch of business.
The Murdstonian drive in business. M. Arnold.

4. In type founding and forging, an impression or matrix, formed by a
punch drift.

5. A collection of objects that are driven; a mass of logs to be
floated down a river. [Colloq.]

Syn.
 -- See Ride.

DRIVEBOLT
Drive"bolt`, n.

Defn: A drift; a tool for setting bolts home.

DRIVEL
Driv"el, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Driveled or Drivelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Driveling or Drivelling.] Etym: [Cf. OE. dravelen, drabelen,
drevelen, drivelen, to slaver, and E. drabble. Cf. Drool.]

1. To slaver; to let spittle drop or flow from the mouth, like a
child, idiot, or dotard.

2. Etym: [Perh. a different word: cf. Icel. drafa to talk thick.]

Defn: To be weak or foolish; to dote; as, a driveling hero; driveling
love. Shak. Dryden.

DRIVEL
Driv"el, n.

1. Slaver; saliva flowing from the mouth.

2. Inarticulate or unmeaning utterance; foolish talk; babble.

3. A driveler; a fool; an idiot. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

4. A servant; a drudge. [Obs.] Huloet.

DRIVELER
Driv"el*er, n.

Defn: A slaverer; a slabberer; an idiot; a fool. [Written also
driveller.]

DRIVEN
Driv"en, p. p.

Defn: of Drive. Also adj. Driven well, a well made by driving a tube
into the earth to an aqueous stratum; -- called also drive well.

DRIVEPIPE
Drive"pipe`, n.

Defn: A pipe for forcing into the earth.

DRIVER
Driv"er, n. Etym: [From Drive.]

1. One who, or that which, drives; the person or thing that urges or
compels anything else to move onward.

2. The person who drives beasts or a carriage; a coachman; a
charioteer, etc.; hence, also, one who controls the movements of a
locomotive.

3. An overseer of a gang of slaves or gang of convicts at their work.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: A part that transmits motion to another part by contact with
it, or through an intermediate relatively movable part, as a gear
which drives another, or a lever which moves another through a link,
etc. Specifically:
(a) The driving wheel of a locomotive.
(b) An attachment to a lathe, spindle, or face plate to turn a
carrier.
(c) A crossbar on a grinding mill spindle to drive the upper stone.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: The after sail in a ship or bark, being a fore-and-aft sail
attached to a gaff; a spanker. Totten. Driver ant (Zoöl.), a species
of African stinging ant; one of the visiting ants (Anomma arcens); --
so called because they move about in vast armies, and drive away or
devour all insects and other small animals.

DRIVEWAY
Drive"way` (, n.

Defn: A passage or way along or through which a carriage may be
driven.

DRIVING
Driv"ing, a.

1. Having great force of impulse; as, a driving wind or storm.

2. Communicating force; impelling; as, a driving shaft. Driving axle,
the axle of a driving wheel, as in a locomotive.
 -- Driving box (Locomotive), the journal box of a driving axle. See
Illust. of Locomotive.
 -- Driving note (Mus.), a syncopated note; a tone begun on a weak
part of a measure and held through the next accented part, thus
anticipating the accent and driving it through.
 -- Driving spring, a spring fixed upon the box of the driving axle
of a locomotive engine to support the weight and deaden shocks.
[Eng.] Weale.
 -- Driving wheel (Mach.), a wheel that communicates motion; one of
the large wheels of a locomotive to which the connecting rods of the
engine are attached; -- called also, simply, driver. See Illust. of
Locomotive.

DRIVING
Driv"ing, n.

1. The act of forcing or urging something along; the act of pressing
or moving on furiously.

2. Tendency; drift. [R.]

DRIZZLE
Driz"zle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drizzled; p. pr. & vb. n. Drizzling.]
Etym: [Prop. freq. of AS. dreósan to fall. See Dreary.]

Defn: To rain slightly in very small drops; to fall, as water from
the clouds, slowly and in fine particles; as, it drizzles; drizzling
drops or rain. "Drizzling tears." Spenser.

DRIZZLE
Driz"zle, v. t.

Defn: To shed slowly in minute drops or particles. "The air doth
drizzle dew." Shak.

DRIZZLE
Driz"zle, n.

Defn: Fine rain or mist. Halliwell.

DRIZZLY
Driz"zly, a.

Defn: Characterized by small rain, or snow; moist and disagreeable.
"Winter's drizzly reign." Dryden.

DROCK
Drock, n.

Defn: A water course. [Prov. Eng.]

DROFLAND; DRYFLAND
Drof"land, Dryf"land, n. Etym: [See Drove.] (Law)

Defn: An ancient yearly payment made by some tenants to the king, or
to their landlords, for the privilege of driving their cattle through
a manor to fairs or markets. Cowell.

DROGHER
Dro"gher, n. Etym: [Cf. Drag.]

Defn: A small craft used in the West India Islands to take off
sugars, rum, etc., to the merchantmen; also, a vessel for
transporting lumber, cotton, etc., coastwise; as, a lumber drogher.
[Written also droger.] Ham. Nar. Encyc.

DROGMAN; DROGOMAN
Drog"man, Drog"o*man, n.

Defn: See Dragoman.

DROGUE
Drogue, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Drag, n.,

6, and Drag sail, under Drag, n.

DROH
Droh, imp.

Defn: of Draw. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DROIL
Droil, v. i. Etym: [D. druilen to mope.]

Defn: To work sluggishly or slowly; to plod. [Obs.]

DROIL
Droil, n. Etym: [D. druil sluggard. Cf. Droll.]

1. A drudge. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. Mean labor; toil.[Obs.]

DROIT
Droit, n. Etym: [F. See Direct.]

Defn: A right; law in its aspect of the foundation of rights; also,
in old law, the writ of right. Abbott. Droit d'aubaine. See under
Aubaine.
 -- Droits of the Admiralty (Eng. Law), rights or perquisites of the
Admiralty, arising from seizure of an enemy's ships in port on the
breaking out of war, or those coming into port in ignorance of
hostilities existing, or from such ships as are taken by
noncommissioned captors; also, the proceeds of wrecks, and derelict
property at sea. The droits of admiralty are now paid into the
Exchequer for the public benefit.

DROITURAL
Droi"tu*ral, a. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: relating to the mere right of property, as distinguished from
the right of possession; as, droitural actions. [Obs.] Burrill.

DROITZSCHKA
Droitzsch"ka, n.

Defn: See Drosky.

DROLL
Droll, a. [Compar. Droller; superl. Drollest.] Etym: [F. drôle; cf.
G. & D. drollig, LG. drullig, D. drol a thick and short person, a
droll, Sw. troll a magical appearance, demon, trolla to use magic
arts, enchant, Dan. trold elf, imp, Icel. tröll giant, magician, evil
spirit, monster. If this is the origin, cf. Trull.]

Defn: Queer, and fitted to provoke laughter; ludicrous from oddity;
amusing and strange.

Syn.
 -- Comic; comical; farcical; diverting; humorous; ridiculous; queer;
odd; waggish; facetious; merry; laughable; ludicrous.
 -- Droll, Laughable, Comical. Laughable is the generic term,
denoting anything exciting laughter or worthy of laughter; comical
denotes something of the kind exhibited in comedies, something
humorous of the kind exhibited in comedies, something, as it were,
dramatically humorous; droll stands lower on the scale, having
reference to persons or things which excite laughter by their
buffoonery or oddity. A laughable incident; a comical adventure; a
droll story.

DROLL
Droll, n.

1. One whose practice it is to raise mirth by odd tricks; a jester; a
buffoon; a merry-andrew. Prior.

2. Something exhibited to raise mirth or sport, as a puppet, a farce,
and the like.

DROLL
Droll, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Drolling.]

Defn: To jest; to play the buffoon. [R.]

DROLL
Droll, v. t.

1. To lead or influence by jest or trick; to banter or jest; to
cajole.
Men that will not be reasoned into their senses, may yet be laughed
or drolled into them. L'Estrange.

2. To make a jest of; to set in a comical light. [R.]
This drolling everything is rather fatiguing. W. D. Howells.

DROLLER
Droll"er, n.

Defn: A jester; a droll. [Obs.] Glanvill.

DROLLERY
Droll"er*y, n.; pl. Drolleries. Etym: [F. drôlerie. See Droll.]

1. The quality of being droll; sportive tricks; buffoonery; droll
stories; comical gestures or manners.
The rich drollery of "She Stoops to Conquer." Macaulay.

2. Something which serves to raise mirth; as:
(a) A puppet show; also, a puppet. [Obs.] Shak.
(b) A lively or comic picture. [Obs.]
I bought an excellent drollery, which I afterward parted with to my
brother George of Wotton. Evelyn.

DROLLINGLY
Droll"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a jesting manner.

DROLLISH
Droll"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat droll. Sterne.

DROLLIST
Droll"ist, n.

Defn: A droll. [R.] Glanvill.

DROMAEOGNATHOUS
Dro`mæ*og"na*thous, a. Etym: [NL. dromaius emu + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the structure of the palate like that of the ostrich and
emu.

DROMATHERIUM
Drom`a*the"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Dromedary.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A small extinct triassic mammal from North Carolina, the
earliest yet found in America.

DROME
Drome, n. Etym: [F., fr. Gr. Dromedary.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crab plover (Dromas ardeola), a peculiar North African
bird, allied to the oyster catcher.

DROMEDARY
Drom"e*da*ry, n.; pl. Dromedaries. Etym: [F. dromadaire, LL.
dromedarius, fr. L. dromas (sc. camelus), fr. Gr. dram to run.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius), having one hump or
protuberance on the back, in distinction from the Bactrian camel,
which has two humps.

Note: In Arabia and Egypt the name is restricted to the better breeds
of this species of camel. See Deloul.

DROMOND; DROMON
Drom"ond, or Drom"on. Etym: [OF. dromont, L. dromo, fr.
Gr.Dromedary.]

Defn: In the Middle Ages, a large, fast-sailing galley, or cutter; a
large, swift war vessel. [Hist. or Archaic] Fuller.
The great dromond swinging from the quay. W. Morris.

DRONE
Drone, n. Etym: [OE. drane a dronebee, AS. dran; akin to OS. dran,
OHG. treno, G. drohne, Dan. drone, cf. Gr. Drone, v. i.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male of bees, esp. of the honeybee. It gathers no honey.
See Honeybee.
All with united force combine to drive The lazy drones from the
laborious hive. Dryden.

2. One who lives on the labors of others; a lazy, idle fellow; a
sluggard.
By living as a drone,to be an unprofitable and unworthy member of so
noble and learned a society. Burton.

3. That which gives out a grave or monotonous tone or dull sound; as:
(a) A drum. [Obs.] Halliwell. (b) The part of the bagpipe containing
the two lowest tubes, which always sound the key note and the fifth.

4. A humming or deep murmuring sound.
The monotonous drone of the wheel. Longfellow.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: A monotonous bass, as in a pastoral composition.

DRONE
Drone, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Droned; p. pr. & vb. n. Droning.] Etym:
[Cf. (for sense 1) D. dreunen, G. dröhnen, Icel. drynja to roar,
drynr a roaring, Sw. dröna to bellow, drone, Dan. dröne, Goth.
drunjus sound, Gr. dhran to sound. Cf. Drone, n.]

1. To utter or make a low, dull, monotonous, humming or murmuring
sound.
Where the beetle wheels his droning flight. T. Gray.

2. To love in idleness; to do nothing. "Race of droning kings."
Dryden.

DRONE BEE
Drone" bee`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male of the honeybee; a drone.

DRONE FLY
Drone" fly`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dipterous insect (Eristalis tenax), resembling the drone bee.
See Eristalis.

DRONEPIPE
Drone"pipe`, n.

Defn: One of the low-toned tubes of a bagpipe.

DRONGO
Dron"go, n.; pl. Drongos (. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A passerine bird of the family Dicruridæ. They are usually
black with a deeply forked tail. They are natives of Asia, Africa,
and Australia; -- called also drongo shrikes.

DRONISH
Dron"ish, a.

Defn: Like a drone; indolent; slow. Burke.
 -- Dron"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Dron"ish*ness, n.

DRONKELEWE
Dron"ke*lewe, a. Etym: [See Drink.]

Defn: Given to drink; drunken. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DRONTE
Dron"te, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dodo.

DRONY
Dron"y, a.

Defn: Like a drone; sluggish; lazy.

DROOL
Drool, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drooled; p. pr. & vb. n. Drooling.] Etym:
[Contr. fr. drivel.]

Defn: To drivel, or drop saliva; as, the child drools.
His mouth drooling with texts. T. Parker.

DROOP
Droop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drooped; p. pr. & vb. n. Drooping.] Etym:
[Icel. dr; akin to E. drop. See Drop.]

1. To hang bending downward; to sink or hang down, as an animal,
plant, etc., from physical inability or exhaustion, want of
nourishment, or the like. "The purple flowers droop." "Above her
drooped a lamp." Tennyson.
I saw him ten days before he died, and observed he began very much to
droop and languish. Swift.

2. To grow weak or faint with disappointment, grief, or like causes;
to be dispirited or depressed; to languish; as, her spirits drooped.
I'll animate the soldier's drooping courage. Addison.

3. To proceed downward, or toward a close; to decline. "Then day
drooped." Tennyson.

DROOP
Droop, v. t.

Defn: To let droop or sink. [R.] M. Arnold.
Like to a withered vine That droops his sapless branches to the
ground. Shak.

DROOP
Droop, n.

Defn: A drooping; as, a droop of the eye.

DROOPER
Droop"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, droops.

DROOPINGLY
Droop"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a drooping manner.

DROP
Drop, n. Etym: [OE. drope, AS. dropa; akin to OS. dropo, D. drop,
OHG. tropo, G. tropfen, Icel. dropi, Sw. droppe; and Fr. AS. dreópan
to drip, drop; akin to OS. driopan, D. druipen, OHG. triofan, G.
triefen, Icel. drj. Cf. Drip, Droop.]

1. The quantity of fluid which falls in one small spherical mass; a
liquid globule; a minim; hence, also, the smallest easily measured
portion of a fluid; a small quantity; as, a drop of water.
With minute drops from off the eaves. Milton.
As dear to me as are the ruddy drops That visit my sad heart. Shak.
That drop of peace divine. Keble.

2. That which resembles, or that which hangs like, a liquid drop; as
a hanging diamond ornament, an earring, a glass pendant on a
chandelier, a sugarplum (sometimes medicated), or a kind of shot or
slug.

3. (Arch.)
(a) Same as Gutta.
(b) Any small pendent ornament.

4. Whatever is arranged to drop, hang, or fall from an elevated
position; also, a contrivance for lowering something; as:
(a) A door or platform opening downward; a trap door; that part of
the gallows on which a culprit stands when he is to be hanged; hence,
the gallows itself.
(b) A machine for lowering heavy weights, as packages, coal wagons,
etc., to a ship's deck.
(c) A contrivance for temporarily lowering a gas jet.
(d) A curtain which drops or falls in front of the stage of a
theater, etc.
(e) A drop press or drop hammer.
(f) (Mach.) The distance of the axis of a shaft below the base of a
hanger.

5. pl.

Defn: Any medicine the dose of which is measured by drops; as,
lavender drops.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: The depth of a square sail; -- generally applied to the courses
only. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

7. Act of dropping; sudden fall or descent. Ague drop, Black drop.
See under Ague, Black.
 -- Drop by drop, in small successive quantities; in repeated
portions. "Made to taste drop by drop more than the bitterness of
death." Burke.
 -- Drop curtain. See Drop, n.,

4. (d).
 -- Drop forging. (Mech.) (a) A forging made in dies by a drop
hammer. (b) The process of making drop forgings.
 -- Drop hammer (Mech.), a hammer for forging, striking up metal,
etc., the weight being raised by a strap or similar device, and then
released to drop on the metal resting on an anvil or die.
 -- Drop kick (Football), a kick given to the ball as it rebounds
after having been dropped from the hands.
 -- Drop lake, a pigment obtained from Brazil wood. Mollett.
 -- Drop letter, a letter to be delivered from the same office where
posted.
 -- Drop press (Mech.), a drop hammer; sometimes, a dead-stroke
hammer; -- also called drop.
 -- Drop scene, a drop curtain on which a scene is painted. See Drop,
n., 4. (d).
 -- Drop seed. (Bot.) See the List under Glass.
 -- Drop serene. (Med.) See Amaurosis.

DROP
Drop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dropped or Dropt; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dropping.] Etym: [OE. droppen, AS. dropan, v. i. See Drop, n.]

1. To pour or let fall in drops; to pour in small globules; to
distill. "The trees drop balsam." Creech.
The recording angel, as he wrote it down, dropped a tear upon the
word and blotted it out forever. Sterne.

2. To cause to fall in one portion, or by one motion, like a drop; to
let fall; as, to drop a line in fishing; to drop a courtesy.

3. To let go; to dismiss; to set aside; to have done with; to
discontinue; to forsake; to give up; to omit.
They suddenly drop't the pursuit. S. Sharp.
That astonishing ease with which fine ladies drop you and pick you up
again. Thackeray.
The connection had been dropped many years. Sir W. Scott.
Dropping the too rough H in Hell and Heaven. Tennyson.

4. To bestow or communicate by a suggestion; to let fall in an
indirect, cautious, or gentle manner; as, to drop hint, a word of
counsel, etc.

5. To lower, as a curtain, or the muzzle of a gun, etc.

6. To send, as a letter; as, please drop me a line, a letter, word.

7. To give birth to; as, to drop a lamb.

8. To cover with drops; to variegate; to bedrop.
Show to the sun their waved coats dropped with gold. Milton.
To drop a vessel (Naut.), to leave it astern in a race or a chase; to
outsail it.

DROP
Drop, v. i.

1. To fall in drops.
The kindly dew drops from the higher tree, And wets the little plants
that lowly dwell. Spenser.

2. To fall, in general, literally or figuratively; as, ripe fruit
drops from a tree; wise words drop from the lips.
Mutilations of which the meaning has dropped out of memory. H.
Spencer.
When the sound of dropping nuts is heard. Bryant.

3. To let drops fall; to discharge itself in drops.
The heavens . . . dropped at the presence of God. Ps. lxviii. 8.

4. To fall dead, or to fall in death.
Nothing, says Seneca, so soon reconciles us to the thoughts of our
own death, as the prospect of one friend after another dropping round
us. Digby.

5. To come to an end; to cease; to pass out of mind; as, the affair
dropped. Pope.

6. To come unexpectedly; -- with in or into; as, my old friend
dropped in a moment. Steele.
Takes care to drop in when he thinks you are just seated. Spectator.

7. To fall or be depressed; to lower; as, the point of the spear
dropped a little.

8. To fall short of a mark. [R.]
Often it drops or overshoots by the disproportion of distance.
Collier.

9. To be deep in extent; to descend perpendicularly; as, her main
topsail drops seventeen yards. To drop astern (Naut.), to go astern
of another vessel; to be left behind; to slacken the speed of a
vessel so as to fall behind and to let another pass a head.
 -- To drop down (Naut.), to sail, row, or move down a river, or
toward the sea.
 -- To drop off, to fall asleep gently; also, to die. [Colloq.]

DROPLET
Drop"let, n.

Defn: A little drop; a tear. Shak.

DROPLIGHT
Drop"light`, n.

Defn: An apparatus for bringing artificial light down from a
chandelier nearer to a table or desk; a pendant.

DROPMEAL; DROPMELE
Drop"meal`, Drop"mele`, adv. Etym: [AS. drop-m; dropa drop + m
portion. Cf. Piecemeal.]

Defn: By drops or small portions. [Obs.]
Distilling dropmeal, a little at once. Holland.

DROPPER
Drop"per, n.

1. One who, or that which, drops. Specif.: (Fishing) A fly that drops
from the leaden above the bob or end fly.

2. A dropping tube.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A branch vein which drops off from, or leaves, the main lode.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dog which suddenly drops upon the ground when it sights game,
-- formerly a common, and still an occasional, habit of the setter.

DROPPING
Drop"ping, n.

1. The action of causing to drop or of letting drop; falling.

2. pl.

Defn: That which falls in drops; the excrement or dung of animals.
Dropping bottle, an instrument used to supply small quantities of a
fluid to a test tube or other vessel.
 -- Dropping fire, a continued irregular discharge of firearms.
 -- Dropping tube, a tube for ejecting any liquid in drops.

DROPPINGLY
Drop"ping*ly, adv.

Defn: In drops.

DROPSICAL
Drop"si*cal, a. Etym: [From Dropsy.]

1. Diseased with dropsy; hydropical; tending to dropsy; as, a
dropsical patient.

2. Of or pertaining to dropsy.

DROPSICALNESS
Drop"si*cal*ness, n.

Defn: State of being dropsical.

DROPSIED
Drop"sied, a.

Defn: Diseased with drops. Shak.

DROPSY
Drop"sy, n.; pl. Dropsies. Etym: [OE. dropsie, dropesie, OF.
idropisie, F. hydropisie, L. hydropisis, fr. Gr. Water, and cf.
Hydropsy.] (Med.)

Defn: An unnatural collection of serous fluid in any serous cavity of
the body, or in the subcutaneous cellular tissue. Dunglison.

DROPT
Dropt,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Drop, v. G. Eliot.

DROPWISE
Drop"wise`, adv.

Defn: After the manner of a drop; in the form of drops.
Trickling dropwise from the cleft. Tennyson.

DROPWORM
Drop"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of any geometrid moth, which drops from trees by
means of a thread of silk, as the cankerworm.

DROPWORT
Drop"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An Old World species of Spiræa (S. filipendula), with finely
cut leaves.

DROSERA
Dros"e*ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of low perennial or biennial plants, the leaves of
which are beset with gland-tipped bristles. See Sundew. Gray.

DROSKY
Dros"ky, n.; pl. Droskies. Etym: [Russ. drojki, dim. of drogi a kind
of carriage, prop. pl. of droga shaft or pole of a carriage.]

Defn: A low, four-wheeled, open carriage, used in Russia, consisting
of a kind of long, narrow bench, on which the passengers ride as on a
saddle, with their feet reaching nearly to the ground. Other kinds of
vehicles are now so called, esp. a kind of victoria drawn by one or
two horses, and used as a public carriage in German cities. [Written
also droitzschka, and droschke.]

DROSOMETER
Dro*som"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. drosométre.] (Meteorol.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the quantity of dew on the surface
of a body in the open air. It consists of a balance, having a plate
at one end to receive the dew, and at the other a weight protected
from the deposit of dew.

DROSS
Dross, n. Etym: [AS. dros, fr. dreósan to fall. See Dreary.]

1. The scum or refuse matter which is thrown off, or falls from,
metals in smelting the ore, or in the process of melting; recrement.

2. Rust of metals. [R.] Addison.

3. Waste matter; any worthless matter separated from the better part;
leavings; dregs; refuse.
All world's glory is but dross unclean. Spenser.
At the devil's booth are all things sold, Each ounce of dross coats
its ounce of gold. Lowell.

DROSSEL
Dros"sel, n. Etym: [Cf. Drazel.]

Defn: A slut; a hussy; a drazel. [Obs.] Warner.

DROSSLESS
Dross"less, a.

Defn: Free from dross. Stevens.

DROSSY
Dross"y, a. [Compar. Drossier; superl. Drossiest.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, resembling, dross; full of dross; impure;
worthless. " Drossy gold." Dryden. "Drossy rhymes." Donne.
 -- Dross"i*ness, n.

DROTCHEL
Drotch"el, n.

Defn: See Drossel. [Obs.]

DROUGH
Drough, imp.

Defn: of Draw. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DROUGHT
Drought, n. Etym: [OE. droght, drougth, dru, AS. druga, from drugian
to dry. See Dry, and cf. Drouth, which shows the original final
sound.]

1. Dryness; want of rain or of water; especially, such dryness of the
weather as affects the earth, and prevents the growth of plants;
aridity.
The drought of March hath pierced to the root. Chaucer.
In a drought the thirsty creatures cry. Dryden.

2. Thirst; want of drink. Johnson.

3. Scarcity; lack.
A drought of Christian writers caused a dearth of all history.
Fuller.

DROUGHTINESS
Drought"i*ness, n.

Defn: A state of dryness of the weather; want of rain.

DROUGHTY
Drought"y, a.

1. Characterized by drought; wanting rain; arid; adust.
Droughty and parched countries. Ray.

2. Dry; thirsty; wanting drink.
Thy droughty throat. Philips.

DROUMY
Drou"my, a. Etym: [Cf. Scot. drum, dram, melancholy, Icel prumr a
moper, W. trwm heavy, sad.]

Defn: Troubled; muddy. [Obs.] Bacon.

DROUTH
Drouth, n.

Defn: Same as Drought. Sandys.
Another ill accident is drouth at the spindling of corn. Bacon.
One whose drouth [thirst], Yet scarce allayed, still eyes the current
stream. Milton.
In the dust and drouth of London life. Tennyson.

DROUTHY
Drouth"y, a.

Defn: Droughty.

DROVE
Drove, imp.

Defn: of Drive.

DROVE
Drove, n. Etym: [AS. draf, fr. drifan to drive. See Drive.]

1. A collection of cattle driven, or cattle collected for driving; a
number of animals, as oxen, sheep, or swine, driven in a body.

2. Any collection of irrational animals, moving or driving forward;
as, a finny drove. Milton.

3. A crowd of people in motion.
Where droves, as at a city gate, may pass. Dryden.

4. A road for driving cattle; a driftway. [Eng.]

5. (Agric.)

Defn: A narrow drain or channel used in the irrigation of land.
Simmonds.

6. (Masonry)
(a) A broad chisel used to bring stone to a nearly smooth surface; --
called also drove chisel.
(b) The grooved surface of stone finished by the drove chisel; --
called also drove work.

DROVEN
Dro"ven, p. p.

Defn: of Drive. [Obs.]

DROVER
Dro"ver, n.

1. One who drives cattle or sheep to market; one who makes it his
business to purchase cattle, and drive them to market.
Why, that's spoken like an honest drover; so they sell bullocks.
Shak.

2. A boat driven by the tide. [Obs.] Spenser.

DROVY
Dro"vy, a. Etym: [AS. dr dirty; cf. D. droef, G. trübe, Goth. dr to
trouble.]

Defn: Turbid; muddy; filthy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DROW
Drow, imp.

Defn: of Draw. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DROWN
Drown, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drowned; p. pr. & vb. n. Drowning.] Etym:
[OE. drunen, drounen, earlier drunknen, druncnien, AS. druncnian to
be drowned, sink, become drunk, fr. druncen drunken. See Drunken,
Drink.]

Defn: To be suffocated in water or other fluid; to perish in water.
Methought, what pain it was to drown. Shak.

DROWN
Drown, v. t.

1. To overwhelm in water; to submerge; to inundate. "They drown the
land." Dryden.

2. To deprive of life by immersion in water or other liquid.

3. To overpower; to overcome; to extinguish; -- said especially of
sound.
Most men being in sensual pleasures drowned. Sir J. Davies.
My private voice is drowned amid the senate. Addison.
To drown up, to swallow up. [Obs.] Holland.

DROWNAGE
Drown"age, n.

Defn: The act of drowning. [R.]

DROWNER
Drown"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, drowns.

DROWSE
Drowse, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drowsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Drowsing.] Etym:
[AS. dr, dr, to sink, become slow or inactive; cf. OD. droosen to be
sleepy, fall asleep, LG. dr, druusken, to slumber, fall down with a
noise; prob, akin to AS. dreósan to fall. See Dreary.]

Defn: To sleep imperfectly or unsoundly; to slumber; to be heavy with
sleepiness; to doze. "He drowsed upon his couch." South.
In the pool drowsed the cattle up to their knees. Lowell.

DROWSE
Drowse, v. t.

Defn: To make heavy with sleepiness or imperfect sleep; to make dull
or stupid. Milton.

DROWSE
Drowse, n.

Defn: A slight or imperfect sleep; a doze.
But smiled on in a drowse of ecstasy. Mrs. Browning.

DROWSIHEAD
Drow"si*head, n.

Defn: Drowsiness. Thomson.

DROWSIHED
Drow"si*hed, n.

Defn: Drowsihead. [Obs.] Spenser.

DROWSILY
Drow"si*ly, adv.

Defn: In a drowsy manner.

DROWSINESS
Drow"si*ness, n.

Defn: State of being drowsy. Milton.

DROWSY
Drow"sy, a. [Compar. Drowsier; superl. Drowsiest.]

1. Inclined to drowse; heavy with sleepiness; lethargic; dozy. "When
I am drowsy." Shak.
Dapples the drowsy east with spots of gray. Shak.
To our age's drowsy blood Still shouts the inspiring sea. Lowell.

2. Disposing to sleep; lulling; soporific.
The drowsy hours, dispensers of all good. Tennyson.

3. Dull; stupid. " Drowsy reasoning." Atterbury.

Syn.
 -- Sleepy; lethargic; dozy; somnolent; comatose; dull heavy; stupid.

DROWTH
Drowth, n.

Defn: See Drought. Bacon.

DROYLE
Droyle, v. i.

Defn: See Droil. [Obs.] Spenser.

DRUB
Drub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Drubbing.] Etym:
[Cf. Prov. E. drab to beat, Icel. & Sw. drabba to hit, beat, Dan.
dræbe to slay, and perh. OE. drepen to strike, kill, AS. drepan to
strike, G. & D. freffen to hit, touch, Icel. drepa to strike, kill.]

Defn: To beat with a stick; to thrash; to cudgel.
Soundly Drubbed with a good honest cudgel. L'Estrange.

DRUB
Drub, n.

Defn: A blow with a cudgel; a thump. Addison.

DRUBBER
Drub"ber, n.

Defn: One who drubs. Sir W. Scott.

DRUDGE
Drudge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drudged; p. pr. & vb. n. Drudging.] Etym:
[OE. druggen; prob not akin to E. drag, v. t., but fr. Celtic; cf.
Ir. drugaire a slave or drudge.]

Defn: To perform menial work; to labor in mean or unpleasant offices
with toil and fatigue.
He gradually rose in the estimation of the booksellers for whom he
drudged. Macaulay.

DRUDGE
Drudge, v. t.

Defn: To consume laboriously; -- with away.
Rise to our toils and drudge away the day. Otway.

DRUDGE
Drudge, n.

Defn: One who drudges; one who works hard in servile employment; a
mental servant. Milton.

DRUDGER
Drudg"er, n.

1. One who drudges; a drudge.

2. A dredging box.

DRUDGERY
Drudg"er*y, n.

Defn: The act of drudging; disagreeable and wearisome labor; ignoble
or slavish toil.
The drudgery of penning definitions. Macaulay.
Paradise was a place of bliss . . . without drudgery and with out
sorrow. Locke.

Syn.
 -- See Toll.

DRUDGING BOX
Drudg"ing box`.

Defn: See Dredging box.

DRUDGINGLY
Drudg"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a drudging manner; laboriously.

DRUERY
Dru"er*y, n. Etym: [OF. druerie.]

Defn: Courtship; gallantry; love; an object of love. [Obs.] Chaucer.

DRUG
Drug, v. i. Etym: [See 1st Drudge.]

Defn: To drudge; to toil laboriously. [Obs.] "To drugge and draw."
Chaucer.

DRUG
Drug, n.

Defn: A drudge. Shak. (Timon iv. 3, 253).

DRUG
Drug, n. Etym: [F. drogue, prob. fr. D. droog; akin to E. dry; thus
orig., dry substance, hers, plants, or wares. See Dry.]

1. Any animal, vegetable, or mineral substance used in the
composition of medicines; any stuff used in dyeing or in chemical
operations.
Whence merchants bring
Their spicy drugs. Milton.

2. Any commodity that lies on hand, or is not salable; an article of
slow sale, or in no demand. "But sermons are mere drugs." Fielding.
And virtue shall a drug become. Dryden.

DRUG
Drug, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drugged; p. pr. & vb. n. Drugging.] Etym:
[Cf. F. droguer.]

Defn: To prescribe or administer drugs or medicines. B. Jonson.

DRUG
Drug, v. t.

1. To affect or season with drugs or ingredients; esp., to stupefy by
a narcotic drug. Also Fig.
The laboring masses . . . [were] drugged into brutish good humor by a
vast system of public spectacles. C. Kingsley.
Drug thy memories, lest thou learn it. Tennyson.

2. To tincture with something offensive or injurious.
Drugged as oft, With hatefullest disrelish writhed their jaws.
Milton.

3. To dose to excess with, or as with, drugs.
With pleasure drugged, he almost longed for woe. Byron.

DRUGGER
Drug"ger, n.

Defn: A druggist. [Obs.] Burton.

DRUGGET
Drug"get, n. Etym: [F. droguet, prop. dim. of drogue trash, stuff,
perh, the same word as drogue drug, but cf. also W. drwg evil, bad,
Ir. & Gael. droch, Arm. droug, drouk. See 3d Drug.]
(a) A coarse woolen cloth dyed of one color or printed on one side;
generally used as a covering for carpets.
(b) By extension, any material used for the same purpose.

DRUGGIST
Drug"gist, n. Etym: [F. droguiste, fr. drogue. See 3d Drug.]

Defn: One who deals in drugs; especially, one who buys and sells
drugs without compounding them; also, a pharmaceutist or apothecary.

Note: The same person often carries on the business of the druggist
and the apothecary. See the Note under Apothecary.

DRUGSTER
Drug"ster, n.

Defn: A druggist. [Obs.] Boule.

DRUID
Dru"id, n. Etym: [L. Druides; of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael.
draoi, druidh, magician, Druid, W. derwydd Druid.]

1. One of an order of priests which in ancient times existed among
certain branches of the Celtic race, especially among the Gauls and
Britons.

Note: The Druids superintended the affairs of religion and morality,
and exercised judicial functions. They practiced divination and
magic, and sacrificed human victims as a part of their worship. They
consisted of three classes; the bards, the vates or prophets, and the
Druids proper, or priests. Their most sacred rites were performed in
the depths of oak forests or of caves.

2. A member of a social and benevolent order, founded in London in
1781, and professedly based on the traditions of the ancient Druids.
Lodges or groves of the society are established in other countries.
Druid stones, a name given, in the south of England, to weatherworn,
rough pillars of gray sandstone scattered over the chalk downs, but
in other countries generally in the form of circles, or in detached
pillars.

DRUIDESS
Dru"id*ess, n.

Defn: A female Druid; a prophetess.

DRUIDIC; DRUIDICAL
Dru*id"ic, Dru*id"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the Druids. Druidical circles.
See under Circle.

DRUIDISH
Dru"id*ish, a.

Defn: Druidic.

DRUIDISM
Dru"id*ism, n.

Defn: The system of religion, philosophy, and instruction, received
and taught by the Druids; the rites and ceremonies of the Druids.

DRUM
Drum, n. Etym: [Cf. D. trom, trommel, LG. trumme, G. trommel, Dan.
tromme, Sw. trumma, OHG. trumba a trumpet, Icel. pruma a clap of
thunder, and as a verb, to thunder, Dan. drum a booming sound, drumme
to boom; prob. partly at least of imitative origin; perh. akin to E.
trum, or trumpet.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument of percussion, consisting either of a hollow
cylinder, over each end of which is stretched a piece of skin or
vellum, to be beaten with a stick; or of a metallic hemisphere
(kettledrum) with a single piece of skin to be so beaten; the common
instrument for marking time in martial music; one of the pair of
tympani in an orchestra, or cavalry band.
The drums cry bud-a-dub. Gascoigne.

2. Anything resembling a drum in form; as:
(a) A sheet iron radiator, often in the shape of a drum, for warming
an apartment by means of heat received from a stovepipe, or a
cylindrical receiver for steam, etc.
(b) A small cylindrical box in which figs, etc., are packed.
(c) (Anat.) The tympanum of the ear; -- often, but incorrectly,
applied to the tympanic membrane. (d) (Arch.)

Defn: One of the cylindrical, or nearly cylindrical, blocks, of which
the shaft of a column is composed; also, a vertical wall, whether
circular or polygonal in plan, carrying a cupola or dome. (e) (Mach.)

Defn: A cylinder on a revolving shaft, generally for the purpose of
driving several pulleys, by means of belts or straps passing around
its periphery; also, the barrel of a hoisting machine, on which the
rope or chain is wound.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Drumfish.

4. A noisy, tumultuous assembly of fashionable people at a private
house; a rout. [Archaic]
Not unaptly styled a drum, from the noise and emptiness of the
entertainment. Smollett.

Note: There were also drum major, rout, tempest, and hurricane,
differing only in degrees of multitude and uproar, as the significant
name of each declares.

5. A tea party; a kettledrum. G. Eliot. Bass drum. See in the
Vocabulary.
 -- Double drum. See under Double.

DRUM
Drum, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drummed; p. pr. & vb. n. Drumming.]

1. To beat a drum with sticks; to beat or play a tune on a drum.

2. To beat with the fingers, as with drumsticks; to beat with a rapid
succession of strokes; to make a noise like that of a beaten drum;
as, the ruffed grouse drums with his wings.
Drumming with his fingers on the arm of his chair. W. Irving.

3. To throb, as the heart. [R.] Dryden.

4. To go about, as a drummer does, to gather recruits, to draw or
secure partisans, customers, etc,; -- with for.

DRUM
Drum, v. t.

1. To execute on a drum, as a tune.

2. (With out) To expel ignominiously, with beat of drum; as, to drum
out a deserter or rogue from a camp, etc.

3. (With up) To assemble by, or as by, beat of drum; to collect; to
gather or draw by solicitation; as, to drum up recruits; to drum up
customers.

DRUMBEAT
Drum"beat`, n.

Defn: The sound of a beaten drum; drum music.
Whose morning drumbeat, following the sun, and keeping company with
the hours, circles the earth with one continuous and unbroken strain
of the martial airs of England. D. Webster.

DRUMBLE
Drum"ble, v. i. Etym: [See Drumly.]

1. To be sluggish or lazy; to be confused. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To mumble in speaking. [Obs.]

DRUMFISH
Drum"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: any fish of the family Sciænidæ, which makes a loud noise by
means of its air bladder; -- called also drum.

Note: The common drumfish (Pogonias chromis) is a large species,
common south of New Jersey. The southern red drum or red horse
(Sciæna ocellata), and the fresh-water drum or croaker (Aplodionotus
grunniens), are related species.

DRUMHEAD
Drum"head`, n.

1. The parchment or skin stretched over one end of a drum.

2. The top of a capstan which is pierced with sockets for levers used
in turning it. See Illust. of Capstan. Drumhead court-martial (Mil.),
a summary court-martial called to try offenses on the battlefield or
the line of march, when, sometimes, a drumhead has to do service as a
writing table.

DRUMLIN
Drum"lin, n. Etym: [Gael. druim the ridge of a hill.] (Geol.)

Defn: A hill of compact, unstratified, glacial drift or till, usually
elongate or oval, with the larger axis parallel to the former local
glacial motion.

DRUMLY
Drum"ly, a. Etym: [Cf. Droumy.]

Defn: Turbid; muddy. [Scot. & Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Wodroephe (1623).
Burns.

DRUM MAJOR
Drum" ma"jor

Defn: .

1. The chief or first drummer of a regiment; an instructor of
drummers.

2. The marching leader of a military band. [U.S.]

3. A noisy gathering. [R.] See under Drum, n.,

4.

DRUMMER
Drum"mer, n.

1. One whose office is to best the drum, as in military exercises and
marching.

2. One who solicits custom; a commercial traveler. [Colloq. U.S.]
Bartlett.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish that makes a sound when caught; as:
(a) The squeteague.
(b) A California sculpin.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large West Indian cockroach (Blatta gigantea) which drums on
woodwork, as a sexual call.

DRUMMING
Drum"ming, n.

Defn: The act of beating upon, or as if upon, a drum; also, the noise
which the male of the ruffed grouse makes in spring, by beating his
wings upon his sides.

DRUMMOND LIGHT
Drum"mond light`. Etym: [From Thomas Drummond, a British naval
officer.]

Defn: A very intense light, produced by turning two streams of gas,
one oxygen and the other hydrogen, or coal gas, in a state of
ignition, upon a ball of lime; or a stream of oxygen gas through a
flame of alcohol upon a ball or disk of lime; -- called also
oxycalcium light, or lime light.

Note: The name is also applied sometimes to a heliostat, invented by
Drummond, for rendering visible a distant point, as in geodetic
surveying, by reflecting upon it a beam of light from the sun.

DRUMSTICK
Drum"stick`, n.

1. A stick with which a drum is beaten.

2. Anything resembling a drumstick in form, as the tibiotarsus, or
second joint, of the leg of a fowl.

DRUM WINDING
Drum winding. (Elec.)

Defn: A method of armature winding in which the wire is wound upon
the outer surface of a cylinder or drum from end to end of the
cylinder; -- distinguished from ring winding, etc.

DRUNK
Drunk, a. Etym: [OE. dronke, drunke, dronken, drunken, AS. druncen.
Orig. the same as drunken, p. p. of drink. See Drink.]

1. Intoxicated with, or as with, strong drink; inebriated; drunken; -
- never used attributively, but always predicatively; as, the man is
drunk (not, a drunk man).
Be not drunk with wine, where in is excess. Eph. v. 18.
Drunk with recent prosperity. Macaulay.

2. Drenched or saturated with moisture or liquid.
I will make mine arrows drunk with blood. Deut. xxxii. 42.

DRUNK
Drunk, n.

Defn: A drunken condition; a spree. [Slang]

DRUNKARD
Drunk"ard, n. Etym: [Drunk + -ard.]

Defn: One who habitually drinks strong liquors immoderately; one
whose habit it is to get drunk; a toper; a sot.
The drunkard and glutton shall come to poverty. Prov. xxiii. 21.

DRUNKEN
Drunk"en, a. Etym: [AS. druncen, prop., that has drunk, p. p. of
drincan, taken as active. See Drink, v. i., and cf. Drunk.]

1. Overcome by strong drink; intoxicated by, or as by, spirituous
liquor; inebriated.
Drunken men imagine everything turneth round. Bacon.

2. Saturated with liquid or moisture; drenched.
Let the earth be drunken with our blood. Shak.

3. Pertaining to, or proceeding from, intoxication.
The drunken quarrels of a rake. Swift.

DRUNKENHEAD
Drunk"en*head, n.

Defn: Drunkenness. [Obs.]

DRUNKENLY
Drunk"en*ly, adv.

Defn: In a drunken manner. [R.] Shak.

DRUNKENNESS
Drunk"en*ness, n.

1. The state of being drunken with, or as with, alcoholic liquor;
intoxication; inebriety; -- used of the casual state or the habit.
The Lacedemonians trained up their children to hate drunkenness by
bringing a drunken man into their company. I. Watts.

2. Disorder of the faculties, resembling intoxication by liquors;
inflammation; frenzy; rage.
Passion is the drunkenness of the mind. South.

Syn.
 -- Intoxication; inebriation; inebriety.
 -- Drunkenness, Intoxication, Inebriation. Drunkenness refers more
to the habit; intoxication and inebriation, to specific acts. The
first two words are extensively used in a figurative sense; a person
is intoxicated with success, and is drunk with joy. "This plan of
empire was not taken up in the first intoxication of unexpected
success." Burke.

DRUNKENSHIP; DRUNKSHIP
Drunk"en*ship, Drunk"ship, n.

Defn: The state of being drunk; drunkenness. [Obs.] Gower.

DRUPACEOUS
Dru*pa"ceous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. drupacé.] (Bot.)

Defn: Producing, or pertaining to, drupes; having the form of drupes;
as, drupaceous trees or fruits.

DRUPAL
Drup"al, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Drupaceous.

DRUPE
Drupe, n. Etym: [F. drupe, L. drupa an overripe, wrinkled olive, fr.
Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A fruit consisting of pulpy, coriaceous, or fibrous exocarp,
without valves, containing a nut or stone with a kernel. The exocarp
is succulent in the plum, cherry, apricot, peach, etc.; dry and
subcoriaceous in the almond; and fibrous in the cocoanut.

DRUPEL; DRUPELET
Drup"el, Drupe"let, n. Etym: [Dim. of Drupe.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small drupe, as one of the pulpy grains of the blackberry.

DRUSE
Druse, n. Etym: [Cf. G. druse bonny, crystallized piece of ore,
Bohem. druza. Cf. Dross.] (Min.)

Defn: A cavity in a rock, having its interior surface studded with
crystals and sometimes filled with water; a geode.

DRUSE
Druse, n.

Defn: One of a people and religious sect dwelling chiefly in the
Lebanon mountains of Syria.
The Druses separated from the Mohammedan Arabs in the 9th century.
Their characteristic dogma is the unity of God. Am. Cyc.

DRUSY; DRUSED
Dru"sy, Drused, a. (Min.)

Defn: Covered with a large number of minute crystals.

DRUXEY; DRUXY
Drux"ey, Drux"y, a. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Having decayed spots or streaks of a whitish color; -- said of
timber. Weale.

DRY
Dry, a. [Compar. Drier; superl. Driest.] Etym: [OE. dru, druye, drie,
AS. dryge; akin to LG. dröge, D. droog, OHG. trucchan, G. trocken,
Icel. draugr a dry log. Cf. Drought, Drouth, 3d Drug.]

1. Free from moisture; having little humidity or none; arid; not wet
or moist; deficient in the natural or normal supply of moisture, as
rain or fluid of any kind; -- said especially: (a) Of the weather:
Free from rain or mist.
The weather, we agreed, was too dry for the season. Addison.

(b) Of vegetable matter: Free from juices or sap; not succulent; not
green; as, dry wood or hay.
(c) Of animals: Not giving milk; as, the cow is dry.
(d) Of persons: Thirsty; needing drink.
Give the dry fool drink. Shak

(e) Of the eyes: Not shedding tears.
Not a dry eye was to be seen in the assembly. Prescott.
(f) (Med.)

Defn: Of certain morbid conditions, in which there is entire or
comparative absence of moisture; as, dry gangrene; dry catarrh.

2. Destitute of that which interests or amuses; barren;
unembellished; jejune; plain.
These epistles will become less dry, more susceptible of ornament.
Pope.

3. Characterized by a quality somewhat severe, grave, or hard; hence,
sharp; keen; shrewd; quaint; as, a dry tone or manner; dry wit.
He was rather a dry, shrewd kind of body. W. Irving.

4. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Exhibiting a sharp, frigid preciseness of execution, or the
want of a delicate contour in form, and of easy transition in
coloring. Dry area (Arch.), a small open space reserved outside the
foundation of a building to guard it from damp.
 -- Dry blow. (a) (Med.) A blow which inflicts no wound, and causes
no effusion of blood. (b) A quick, sharp blow.
 -- Dry bone (Min.), Smithsonite, or carbonate of zinc; -- a miner's
term.
 -- Dry castor (Zoöl.) a kind of beaver; -- called also parchment
beaver.
 -- Dry cupping. (Med.) See under Cupping.
 -- Dry dock. See under Dock.
 -- Dry fat. See Dry vat (below).
 -- Dry light, pure unobstructed light; hence, a clear, impartial
view. Bacon.
The scientific man must keep his feelings under stern control, lest
they obtrude into his researches, and color the dry light in which
alone science desires to see its objects. J. C. Shairp.
-- Dry masonry. See Masonry.
 -- Dry measure, a system of measures of volume for dry or coarse
articles, by the bushel, peck, etc.
 -- Dry pile (Physics), a form of the Voltaic pile, constructed
without the use of a liquid, affording a feeble current, and chiefly
useful in the construction of electroscopes of great delicacy; --
called also Zamboni's , from the names of the two earliest
constructors of it.
 -- Dry pipe (Steam Engine), a pipe which conducts dry steam from a
boiler.
 -- Dry plate (Photog.), a glass plate having a dry coating sensitive
to light, upon which photographic negatives or pictures can be made,
without moistening.
 -- Dry-plate process, the process of photographing with dry plates.
 -- Dry point. (Fine Arts) (a) An engraving made with the needle
instead of the burin, in which the work is done nearly as in etching,
but is finished without the use acid. (b) A print from such an
engraving, usually upon paper. (c) Hence: The needle with which such
an engraving is made.
 -- Dry rent (Eng. Law), a rent reserved by deed, without a clause of
distress. Bouvier.
 -- Dry rot, a decay of timber, reducing its fibers to the condition
of a dry powdery dust, often accompanied by the presence of a
peculiar fungus (Merulius lacrymans), which is sometimes considered
the cause of the decay; but it is more probable that the real cause
is the decomposition of the wood itself. D. C. Eaton. Called also sap
rot, and, in the United States, powder post. Hebert.
 -- Dry stove, a hothouse adapted to preserving the plants of arid
climates. Brande & C.
 -- Dry vat, a vat, basket, or other receptacle for dry articles.
 -- Dry wine, that in which the saccharine matter and fermentation
were so exactly balanced, that they have wholly neutralized each
other, and no sweetness is perceptible; -- opposed to sweet wine, in
which the saccharine matter is in excess.

DRY
Dry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dried; p. pr. & vb. n. Drying.] Etym: [AS.
drygan; cf. drugian to grow dry. See Dry, a.]

Defn: To make dry; to free from water, or from moisture of any kind,
and by any means; to exsiccate; as, to dry the eyes; to dry one's
tears; the wind dries the earth; to dry a wet cloth; to dry hay. To
dry up. (a) To scorch or parch with thirst; to deprive utterly of
water; to consume.
Their honorable men are famished, and their multitude dried up with
thirst. Is. v. 13.
The water of the sea, which formerly covered it, was in time exhaled
and dried up by the sun. Woodward.
(b) To make to cease, as a stream of talk.
Their sources of revenue were dried up. Jowett (Thucyd. )
-- To dry, or dry up, a cow, to cause a cow to cease secreting milk.
Tylor.

DRY
Dry, v. i.

1. To grow dry; to become free from wetness, moisture, or juice; as,
the road dries rapidly.

2. To evaporate wholly; to be exhaled; -- said of moisture, or a
liquid; -- sometimes with up; as, the stream dries, or dries up.

3. To shrivel or wither; to lose vitality.
And his hand, which he put forth against him, dried up, so that he
could not pull it in again to him. I Kings xiii. 4.

DRYAD
Dry"ad, n. Etym: [L. dryas, pl. dryades, Gr. Tree.] (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A wood nymph; a nymph whose life was bound up with that of her
tree.

DRYANDRA
Dry*an"dra, n. Etym: [NL. Named after J. Dryander.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs growing in Australia, having beautiful, hard,
dry, evergreen leaves.

DRYAS
Dry"as, n.; pl. Dryades. Etym: [L. See Dryad.] (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A dryad.

DRY-BEAT
Dry"-beat`, v. t.

Defn: To beat severely. Shak.

DRY-BONED
Dry"-boned`, a.

Defn: Having dry bones, or bones without flesh.

DRY DOCK
Dry" dock`. (Naut.)

Defn: See under Dock.

DRYER
Dry"er, n.

Defn: See Drier. Sir W. Temple.

DRY-EYED
Dry"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Not having tears in the eyes.

DRY-FISTED
Dry"-fist`ed, a.

Defn: Niggardly.

DRYFOOT
Dry"foot, n.

Defn: The scent of the game, as far as it can be traced. [Obs.] Shak.

DRY GOODS
Dry" goods`.

Defn: A commercial name for textile fabrics, cottons, woolens, linen,
silks, laces, etc., -- in distinction from groceries. [U.S.]

DRYING
Dry"ing, a.

1. Adapted or tending to exhaust moisture; as, a drying wind or day;
a drying room.

2. Having the quality of rapidly becoming dry. Drying oil, an oil
which, either naturally or after boiling with oxide of lead, absorbs
oxygen from the air and dries up rapidly. Drying oils are used as the
bases of many paints and varnishes.

DRYLY
Dry"ly, adv.

Defn: In a dry manner; not succulently; without interest; without
sympathy; coldly.

DRYNESS
Dry"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being dry. See Dry.

DRY NURSE
Dry" nurse`.

Defn: A nurse who attends and feeds a child by hand; -- in
distinction from a wet nurse, who suckles it.

DRYNURSE
Dry"nurse`, v. t.

Defn: To feed, attend, and bring up without the breast. Hudibras.

DRYOBALANOPS
Dry`o*bal"a*nops, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The genus to which belongs the single species D. Camphora, a
lofty resinous tree of Borneo and Sumatra, yielding Borneo camphor
and camphor oil.

DRY-RUB
Dry"-rub`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dry-rubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Dry-
rubbing.]

Defn: To rub and cleanse without wetting. Dodsley.

DRYSALTER
Dry"salt`er, n.

Defn: A dealer in salted or dried meats, pickles, sauces, etc., and
in the materials used in pickling, salting, and preserving various
kinds of food Hence drysalters usually sell a number of saline
substances and miscellaneous drugs. Brande & C.

DRYSALTERY
Dry"salt`er*y, n.

Defn: The articles kept by a drysalter; also, the business of a
drysalter.

DRY-SHOD
Dry"-shod`, a.

Defn: Without wetting the feet.

DRY-STONE
Dry"-stone`, a.

Defn: Constructed of uncemented stone. "Dry-stone walls." Sir W.
Scott.

DRYTH; DRITH
Dryth, or Drith, n.

Defn: Drought. [Obs.] Tyndale.

DUAD
Du"ad, n. Etym: [See Dyad.]

Defn: A union of two; duality. [R.] Harris.

DUAL
Du"al, a. Etym: [L. dualis, fr. duo two. See Two.]

Defn: Expressing, or consisting of, the number two; belonging to two;
as, the dual number of nouns, etc. , in Greek.
Here you have one half of our dual truth. Tyndall.

DUALIN
Du"a*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An explosive substance consisting essentially of sawdust or
wood pulp, saturated with nitroglycerin and other similar nitro
compounds. It is inferior to dynamite, and is more liable to
explosion.

DUALISM
Du"al*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dualisme.]

Defn: State of being dual or twofold; a twofold division; any system
which is founded on a double principle, or a twofold distinction; as:
(a) (Philos.) A view of man as constituted of two original and
independent elements, as matter and spirit. (Theol.)
(b) A system which accepts two gods, or two original principles, one
good and the other evil.
(c) The doctrine that all mankind are divided by the arbitrary decree
of God, and in his eternal foreknowledge, into two classes, the elect
and the reprobate.
(d) (Physiol.) The theory that each cerebral hemisphere acts
independently of the other.
An inevitable dualism bisects nature, so that each thing is a half,
and suggests another thing to make it whole. Emerson.

DUALIST
Du"al*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dualiste.]

1. One who believes in dualism; a ditheist.

2. One who administers two offices. Fuller.

DUALISTIC
Du`al*is"tic, a.

Defn: Consisting of two; pertaining to dualism or duality. Dualistic
system or theory (Chem.), the theory, originated by Lavoisier and
developed by Berzelius, that all definite compounds are binary in
their nature, and consist of two distinct constituents, themselves
simple or complex, and possessed of opposite chemical or electrical
affinities.

DUALITY
Du"al"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. dualitas: cf. F. dualité.]

Defn: The quality or condition of being two or twofold; dual
character or usage.

DUAN
Du"an, n. Etym: [Gael. & Ir.]

Defn: A division of a poem corresponding to a canto; a poem or song.
[R.]

DUARCHY
Du"ar*chy, n. Etym: [Gr. -archy.]

Defn: Government by two persons.

DUB
Dub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Dubbing.] Etym: [AS.
dubban to strike, beat ("dubbade his sunu . . . to ridere." AS.
Chron. an 1086); akin to Icel. dubba; cf. OF. adouber (prob. fr.
Icel.) a chevalier, Icel. dubba til riddara.]

1. To confer knight.

Note: The conclusion of the ceremony was marked by a tap on the
shoulder with the sword.

2. To invest with any dignity or new character; to entitle; to call.
A man of wealth is dubbed a man of worth. Pope.

3. To clothe or invest; to ornament; to adorn. [Obs.]
His diadem was dropped down Dubbed with stones. Morte d'Arthure.

4. To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab; as: (a) To dress with an
adz; as, to dub a stick of timber smooth.

(b) To strike cloth with teasels to raise a nap. Halliwell.
(c) To rub or dress with grease, as leather in the process of
cyrrying it. Tomlinson.
(d) To prepare for fighting, as a gamecock, by trimming the hackles
and cutting off the comb and wattles. To dub a fly, to dress a
fishing fly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
 -- To dub out (Plastering), to fill out, as an uneven surface, to a
plane, or to carry out a series of small projections.

DUB
Dub, v. i.

Defn: To make a noise by brisk drumbeats. "Now the drum dubs." Beau.
& Fl.

DUB
Dub, n.

Defn: A blow. [R.] Hudibras.

DUB
Dub, n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. dób mire, stream, W. dwvr water.]

Defn: A pool or puddle. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

DUBB
Dubb, n. Etym: [Ar.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Syrian bear. See under Bear. [Written also dhubb, and dub.]

DUBBER
Dub"ber, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, dubs.

DUBBER
Dub"ber, n. Etym: [Hind. dabbah.]

Defn: A globular vessel or bottle of leather, used in India to hold
ghee, oil, etc. [Also written dupper.] M'Culloch.

DUBBING
Dub"bing, n.

1. The act of dubbing, as a knight, etc.

2. The act of rubbing, smoothing, or dressing; a dressing off smooth
with an adz.

3. A dressing of flour and water used by weavers; a mixture of oil
and tallow for dressing leather; daubing.

4. The body substance of an angler's fly. Davy.

DUBIETY
Du*bi"e*ty, n.; pl. Dubieties. Etym: [L. dubietas, fr. dubius. See
Dubious.]

Defn: Doubtfulness; uncertainty; doubt. [R.] Lamb. "The dubiety of
his fate." Sir W. Scott.

DUBIOSITY
Du`bi*os"i*ty, n.; pl. Dubiosities. Etym: [L. dubiosus.]

Defn: The state of being doubtful; a doubtful statement or thing.
[R.]
Men often swallow falsities for truths, dubiosities for certainties,
possibilities for feasibilities. Sir T. Browne.

DUBIOUS
Du"bi*ous, a. Etym: [L. dubius, dubiosus, fr. duo two. See Two, and
cf. Doubt.]

1. Doubtful or not settled in opinion; being in doubt; wavering or
fluctuating; undetermined. "Dubious policy." Sir T. Scott.
A dubious, agitated state of mind. Thackeray.

2. Occasioning doubt; not clear, or obvious; equivocal; questionable;
doubtful; as, a dubious answer.
Wiping the dingy shirt with a still more dubious pocket handkerchief.
Thackeray.

3. Of uncertain event or issue; as, in dubious battle.

Syn.
 -- Doubtful; doubting; unsettled; undetermined; equivocal;
uncertain. Cf. Doubtful.

DUBIOUSLY
Du"bi*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dubious manner.

DUBIOUSNESS
Du"bi*ous*ness, n.

Defn: State of being dubious.

DUBITABLE
Du"bi*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. dubitabilis. Cf. Doubtable.]

Defn: Liable to be doubted; uncertain. [R.] Dr. H. More.
 -- Du"bi*ta*bly, adv. [R.]

DUBITANCY
Du"bi*tan*cy, n. Etym: [LL. dubitantia.]

Defn: Doubt; uncertainty. [R.] Hammond.

DUBITATE
Du"bi*tate, v. i. Etym: [L. dubitatus, p. p. of dubitare. See Doubt.]

Defn: To doubt. [R.]
If he . . . were to loiter dubitating, and not come. Carlyle.

DUBITATION
Du`bi*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. dubitatio.]

Defn: Act of doubting; doubt. [R.] Sir T. Scott.

DUBITATIVE
Du"bi*ta*tive, a. Etym: [L. dubitativus: cf. F. dubitatif.]

Defn: Tending to doubt; doubtful. [R.] -- Du"bi*ta*tive*ly, adv. [R.]
. Eliot.

DUBOISIA
Du*bois"i*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Same as Duboisine.

DUBOISINE
Du*bois"ine, n. (Med.)

Defn: An alkaloid obtained from the leaves of an Australian tree
(Duboisia myoporoides), and regarded as identical with hyoscyamine.
It produces dilation of the pupil of the eye.

DUCAL
Du"cal, a. Etym: [F. ducal. See Duke.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a duke.
His ducal cap was to be exchanged for a kingly crown. Motley.

DUCALLY
Du"cal*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a duke, or in a manner becoming the rank of a
duke.

DUCAT
Duc"at, n. Etym: [F. ducat, It. ducato, LL. ducatus, fr. dux leader
or commander. See Duke.]

Defn: A coin, either of gold or silver, of several countries in
Europe; originally, one struck in the dominions of a duke.

Note: The gold ducat is generally of the value of nine shillings and
four pence sterling, or somewhat more that two dollars. The silver
ducat is of about half this value.

DUCATOON
Duc`a*toon", n. Etym: [F. or Sp. ducaton, fr. ducat.]

Defn: A silver coin of several countries of Europe, and of different
values.

DUCES TECUM
Du"ces te"cum. Etym: [L., bring with thee.]

Defn: A judicial process commanding a person to appear in court and
bring with him some piece of evidence or other thing to be produced
to the court.

DUCHESS
Duch"ess, n. Etym: [F. duchesse, fr. duc duke.]

Defn: The wife or widow of a duke; also, a lady who has the
sovereignty of a duchy in her own right.

DUCHESSE D'ANGOULEME
Du`chesse" d'An`gou`lême". Etym: [F.] (Bot.)

Defn: A variety of pear of large size and excellent flavor.

DUCHESSE LACE
Du`chesse" lace.

Defn: A beautiful variety of Brussels pillow lace made originally in
Belgium and resembling Honiton guipure. It is worked with fine thread
in large sprays, usually of the primrose pattern, with much raised
work.

DUCHY
Duch"y, n.; pl. Duchies. Etym: [F. duché, OF. duchée, (assumed) LL.
ducitas, fr. L. dux. See Duke.]

Defn: The territory or dominions of a duke; a dukedom.

DUCK
Duck, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. dukke, Sw. docka, OHG. doccha, G. docke. Cf.
Doxy.]

Defn: A pet; a darling. Shak.

DUCK
Duck, n. Etym: [D. doek cloth, canvas, or Icel. d cloth; akin to OHG.
tuoh, G. tuch, Sw. duk, Dan. dug.]

1. A linen (or sometimes cotton) fabric, finer and lighter than
canvas, -- used for the lighter sails of vessels, the sacking of
beds, and sometimes for men's clothing.

2. (Naut.) pl.

Defn: The light clothes worn by sailors in hot climates. [Colloq.]

DUCK
Duck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ducked; p. pr. & vb. n. Ducking.] Etym:
[OE. duken, douken, to dive; akin to D. duiken, OHG. t, MHG. tucken,
tücken, t, G. tuchen. Cf. 5th Duck.]

1. To thrust or plunge under water or other liquid and suddenly
withdraw.
Adams, after ducking the squire twice or thrice, leaped out of the
tub. Fielding.

2. To plunge the head of under water, immediately withdrawing it; as,
duck the boy.

3. To bow; to bob down; to move quickly with a downward motion. "
Will duck his head aside. Swift.

DUCK
Duck, v. i.

1. To go under the surface of water and immediately reappear; to
dive; to plunge the head in water or other liquid; to dip.
In Tiber ducking thrice by break of day. Dryden.

2. To drop the head or person suddenly; to bow.
The learned pate Ducks to the golden fool. Shak.

DUCK
Duck, n. Etym: [OE. duke, doke. See Duck, v. t. ]

1. (Zool.)

Defn: Any bird of the subfamily Anatinæ, family Anatidæ.

Note: The genera and species are numerous. They are divided into
river ducks and sea ducks. Among the former are the common domestic
duck (Anas boschas); the wood duck (Aix sponsa); the beautiful
mandarin duck of China (Dendronessa galeriliculata); the Muscovy
duck, originally of South America (Cairina moschata). Among the sea
ducks are the eider, canvasback, scoter, etc.

2. A sudden inclination of the bead or dropping of the person,
resembling the motion of a duck in water.
Here be, without duck or nod, Other trippings to be trod. Milton.
Bombay duck (Zoöl.), a fish. See Bummalo.
 -- Buffel duck, or Spirit duck. See Buffel duck.
 -- Duck ant (Zoöl.), a species of white ant in Jamaica which builds
large nests in trees.
 -- Duck barnacle. (Zoöl.) See Goose barnacle.
 -- Duck hawk. (Zoöl.) (a) In the United States: The peregrine
falcon. (b) In England: The marsh harrier or moor buzzard.
 -- Duck mole (Zoöl.), a small aquatic mammal of Australia, having
webbed feet and a bill resembling that of a duck (Ornithorhynchus
anatinus). It belongs the subclass Monotremata and is remarkable for
laying eggs like a bird or reptile; -- called also duckbill,
platypus, mallangong, mullingong, tambreet, and water mole.
 -- To make ducks and drakes, to throw a flat stone obliquely, so as
to make it rebound repeatedly from the surface of the water, raising
a succession of jets; hence: To play at ducks and drakes, with
property, to throw it away heedlessly or squander it foolishly and
unprofitably.
 -- Lame duck. See under Lame.

DUCKBILL
Duck"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Duck mole, under Duck, n.

DUCK-BILLED
Duck"-billed`, a.

Defn: Having a bill like that of a duck..

DUCKER
Duck"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, ducks; a plunger; a diver.

2. A cringing, servile person; a fawner.

DUCKING
Duck"ing, n. & a.

Defn: , from Duck, v. t. & i. Ducking stool, a stool or chair in
which common scolds were formerly tied, and plunged into water, as a
punishment. See Cucking stool. The practice of ducking began in the
latter part of the 15th century, and prevailed until the early part
of the 18th, and occasionally as late as the 19th century.
Blackstone. Chambers.

DUCK-LEGGED
Duck"-legged`, a.

Defn: Having short legs, like a waddling duck; short-legged. Dryden.

DUCKLING
Duck"ling, n.

Defn: A young or little duck. Gay.

DUCKMEAT; DUCK'S-MEAT
Duck"meat`, or Duck's"-meat`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Duckweed.

DUCK'S-BILL
Duck's"-bill`, a.

Defn: Having the form of a duck's bill. Duck's-bill limpet (Zoöl.), a
limpet of the genus Parmaphorus; -- so named from its shape.

DUCK'S-FOOT
Duck's"-foot`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The May apple (Podophyllum peltatum).

DUCKWEED
Duck"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus (Lemna) of small plants, seen floating in great
quantity on the surface of stagnant pools fresh water, and supposed
to furnish food for ducks; -- called also duckmeat.

DUCT
Duct, n. Etym: [L. ductus a leading, conducting, conduit, fr. ducere,
ductum, to lead. See Duke, and cf. Douche.]

1. Any tube or canal by which a fluid or other substance is conducted
or conveyed.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the vessels of an animal body by which the products of
glandular secretion are conveyed to their destination.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A large, elongated cell, either round or prismatic, usually
found associated with woody fiber.

Note: Ducts are classified, according to the character of the surface
of their walls, or their structure, as annular, spiral, scalariform,
etc.

4. Guidance; direction. [Obs.] Hammond.

DUCTIBLE
Duc"ti*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being drawn out [R.] Feltham.

DUCTILE
Duc"tile, a. Etym: [L. ductilis, fr. ducere to lead: cf. F. ductile.
See Duct.]

1. Easily led; tractable; complying; yielding to motives, persuasion,
or instruction; as, a ductile people. Addison.
Forms their ductile minds To human virtues. Philips.

2. Capable of being elongated or drawn out, as into wire or threads.
Gold . . . is the softest and most ductile of all metals. Dryden.
-- Duc"tile*ly, adv.
 -- Duc"tile*ness, n.

DUCTILIMETER
Duc`ti*lim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Ductile + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for accurately determining the ductility of
metals.

DUCTILITY
Duc*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ductilité.]

1. The property of a metal which allows it to be drawn into wires or
filaments.

2. Tractableness; pliableness. South.

DUCTION
Duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. ductio, fr. ducere to lead.]

Defn: Guidance. [Obs.] Feltham.

DUCTLESS
Duct"less, a.

Defn: Having to duct or outlet; as, a ductless gland.

DUCTOR
Duc"tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. ducere to lead.]

1. One who leads. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A contrivance for removing superfluous ink or coloring matter
from a roller. See Doctor, 4. Knight. Ductor roller (Printing), the
roller which conveys or supplies ink to another roller. Knight.

DUCTURE
Duc"ture, n.

Defn: Guidance. [Obs.] South.

DUDDER
Dud"der, v. t. Etym: [In Suffolk, Eng., to shiver, shake, tremble;
also written dodder.]

Defn: To confuse or confound with noise. Jennings.

DUDDER
Dud"der, v. i.

Defn: To shiver or tremble; to dodder.
I dudder and shake like an aspen leaf. Ford.

DUDDER
Dud"der, n. Etym: [From Duds.]

Defn: A peddler or hawker, especially of cheap and flashy goods
pretended to be smuggled; a duffer. [Eng.]

DUDDERY
Dud"der*y, n.

Defn: A place where rags are bought and kept for sale. [Eng.]

DUDE
Dude, n.

Defn: A kind of dandy; especially, one characterized by an
ultrafashionable style of dress and other affectations. [Recent]
The social dude who affects English dress and English drawl. The
American.

DUDEEN
Du*deen", n.

Defn: A short tobacco pipe. [Written also dudheen.] [Irish]

DUDGEON
Dudg"eon, n.

1. The root of the box tree, of which hafts for daggers were made.
Gerarde (1597).

2. The haft of a dagger. Shak.

3. A dudgeon-hafted dagger; a dagger. Hudibras.

DUDGEON
Dudg"eon, n. Etym: [W. dygen anger, grudge.]

Defn: Resentment; ill will; anger; displeasure.
I drink it to thee in dudgeon and hostility.
Sir T. Scott.

DUDGEON
Dudg"eon, a.

Defn: Homely; rude; coarse. [Obs.]
By my troth, though I am plain and dudgeon, I would not be an ass.
Beau. & Fl.

DUDISH
Dud"ish, a.

Defn: Like, or characterized of, a dude.

DUDS
Duds, n. pl. Etym: [Scot. dud rag, pl. duds clothing of inferior
quality.]

1. Old or inferior clothes; tattered garments. [Colloq.]

2. Effects, in general.[Slang]

DUE
Due, a. Etym: [OF. deu, F. dû, p. p. of devoir to owe, fr. L. debere.
See Debt, Habit, and cf. Duty.]

1. Owed, as a debt; that ought to be paid or done to or for another;
payable; owing and demandable.

2. Justly claimed as a right or property; proper; suitable; becoming;
appropriate; fit.
Her obedience, which is due to me. Shak.
With dirges due, in sad array, Slow through the churchway path we saw
him borne. Gray.

3. Such as (a thing) ought to be; fulfilling obligation; proper;
lawful; regular; appointed; sufficient; exact; as, due process of
law; due service; in due time.

4. Appointed or required to arrive at a given time; as, the steamer
was due yesterday.

5. Owing; ascribable, as to a cause.
This effect is due to the attraction of the sun. J. D. Forbes.

DUE
Due, adv.

Defn: Directly; exactly; as, a due east course.

DUE
Due, n.

1. That which is owed; debt; that which one contracts to pay, or do,
to or for another; that which belongs or may be claimed as a right;
whatever custom, law, or morality requires to be done; a fee; a toll.
He will give the devil his due. Shak.
Yearly little dues of wheat, and wine, and oil. Tennyson.

2. Right; just title or claim.
The key of this infernal pit by due . . . I keep. Milton.

DUE
Due, v. t.

Defn: To endue. [Obs.] Shak.

DUEBILL
Due"bill`, n. (Com.)

Defn: A brief written acknowledgment of a debt, not made payable to
order, like a promissory note. Burrill.

DUEFUL
Due"ful, a.

Defn: Fit; becoming. [Obs.] Spenser.

DUEL
Du"el, n. Etym: [It. duello, fr. L. duellum, orig., a contest between
two, which passed into the common form bellum war, fr. duo two: cf.
F. duel. See Bellicose, Two, and cf. Duello.]

Defn: A combat between two persons, fought with deadly weapons, by
agreement. It usually arises from an injury done or an affront given
by one to the other. Trial by duel (Old Law), a combat between two
persons for proving a cause; trial by battel.

DUEL
Du"el, v. i. & t.

Defn: To fight in single combat. [Obs.]

DUELER
Du"el*er, n.

Defn: One who engages in a duel. [R.] [Written also dueller.] South.

DUELING
Du"el*ing, n.

Defn: e act or practice of fighting in single combat. Also adj.
[Written also duelling.]

DUELIST
Du"el*ist, n. Etym: [F. duelliste.]

Defn: One who fights in single combat. [Written also duellist.]
A duelist . . . always values himself upon his courage, his sense of
honor, his fidelity and friendship. Hume.

DUELO
Du*e"lo, n. Etym: [It. See Duel.]

Defn: A duel; also, the rules of dueling. [Obs.] Shak.

DUENA; DUENYA
Du*e"ña, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: See Doña.

DUENESS
Due"ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being due; debt; what is due or becoming. T.
Goodwin.

DUENNA
Du*en"na, n.; pl. Duennas. Etym: [Sp. dueña, doña, fr. L. domina. See
Dame.]

1. The chief lady in waiting on the queen of Spain. Brande.

2. An elderly lady holding a station between a governess and
companion, and appointed to have charge over the younger ladies in a
Spanish or a Portuguese family. Brande & C.

3. Any old woman who is employed to guard a younger one; a governess.
Arbuthnot.

DUET
Du*et", n. Etym: [Duetto.] (Mus.)

Defn: A composition for two performers, whether vocal or
instrumental.

DUETTINO
Du`et*ti"no, n. Etym: [It ., dim. fr. duetto a duet.]

Defn: A duet of short extent and concise form.

DUETTO
Du*et"to, n. Etym: [It., fr. It & L. duo two. See Two.]

Defn: See Duet.

DUFF
Duff, n. Etym: [From OE. dagh. . See Dough.]

1. Dough or paste. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. A stiff flour pudding, boiled in a bag; -- a term used especially
by seamen; as, plum duff.

DUFFEL
Duf"fel, n. Etym: [D. duffel, from Duffel, a town not far from
Antwerp.]

Defn: A kind of coarse woolen cloth, having a thick nap or frieze.
[Written also duffle.]
Good duffel gray and flannel fine. Wordsworth.

DUFFEL BAG
Duffel bag.

Defn: A sack to hold miscellaneous articles, as tools, supplies, or
the like.

DUFFER
Duf"fer, n.

1. A peddler or hawker, especially of cheap, flashy articles, as sham
jewelry; hence, a sham or cheat. [Slang, Eng.] Halliwell.

2. A stupid, awkward, inefficient person.[Slang]

DUFFLE
Duf"fle, n.

Defn: See Duffel.

DUFRENITE
Du*fren"ite, n. Etym: [From Dufrénoy, a French geologist.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a blackish green color, commonly massive or in
nodules. It is a hydrous phosphate of iron.

DUG
Dug, n. Etym: [Akin to Sw. dägga to suckle (a child), Dan. dægge, and
prob. to Goth. daddjan.

Defn: A teat, pap, or nipple; -- formerly that of a human mother, now
that of a cow or other beast.
With mother's dug between its lips. Shak.

DUG
Dug, imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Dig.

DUGONG
Du*gong", n. Etym: [Malayan d, or Javan. duyung.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An aquatic herbivorous mammal (Halicore dugong), of the order
Sirenia, allied to the manatee, but with a bilobed tail. It inhabits
the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, East Indies, and Australia. [Written also
duyong.]

DUGOUT
Dug"out`, n.

1. A canoe or boat dug out from a large log. [U.S.]
A man stepped from his slender dugout. G. W. Cable.

2. A place dug out.

3. A house made partly in a hillside or slighter elevation. [Western
U.S.] Bartlett.

DUGWAY
Dug"way`, n.

Defn: A way or road dug through a hill, or sunk below the surface of
the land. [U.S.]

DUKE
Duke n. Etym: [F. duc, fr. L. dux, ducis, leader, commander, fr.
ducere to lead; akin to AS. teón to draw; cf. AS. heretoga (here
army) an army leader, general, G. herzog duke. See Tue, and cf. Doge,
Duchess, Ducat, Duct, Adduce, Deduct.]

1. A leader; a chief; a prince. [Obs.]
Hannibal, duke of Carthage. Sir T. Elyot.
All were dukes once, who were "duces" -- captains or leaders of their
people. Trench.

2. In England, one of the highest order of nobility after princes and
princesses of the royal blood and the four archbishops of England and
Ireland.

3. In some European countries, a sovereign prince, without the title
of king. Duke's coronet. See Illust. of Coronet.
 -- To dine with Duke Humphrey, to go without dinner. See under Dine.

DUKE
Duke, v. i.

Defn: To play the duke. [Poetic]
Lord Angelo dukes it well in his absence. Shak.

DUKEDOM
Duke"dom, n.

1. The territory of a duke.

2. The title or dignity of a duke. Shak.

DUKELING
Duke"ling, n.

Defn: A little or insignificant duke. Ford.

DUKESHIP
Duke"ship, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being a duke; also, the personality
of a duke. Massinger.

DUKHOBORS; DUKHOBORTSY
Du*kho*bors", Du*kho*bor"tsy, n. pl. [Russ. dukhobortsy spirit
wrestlers; dukh spirit + bortsy wrestlers.]

Defn: A Russian religious sect founded about the middle of the 18th
century at Kharkov. They believe that Christ was wholly human, but
that his soul reappears from time to time in mortals. They accept the
Ten Commandments and the "useful" portions of the Bible, but deny the
need of rulers, priests, or churches, and have no confessions, icons,
or marriage ceremonies. They are communistic, opposed to any
violence, and unwilling to use the labor of animals. Driven out of
Russia proper, many have emigrated to Cyprus and Canada. See
Raskolnik, below.

DULCAMARA
Dul`ca*ma"ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. dulcis sweet + amarus bitter.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Solanum Dulcamara). See Bittersweet, n.,

3 (a).

DULCAMARIN
Dul`ca*ma"rin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside extracted from the bittersweet (Solanum Dulcamara),
as a yellow amorphous substance. It probably occasions the compound
taste. See Bittersweet, 3(a).

DULCE
Dulce, v. t.

Defn: To make sweet; to soothe. [Obs.]

DULCENESS
Dulce"ness, n.

Defn: Sweetness. [Obs.] Bacon.

DULCET
Dul"cet, a. Etym: [OF. doucet, dim. of dous sweet, F. doux, L.
dulcis; akin to Gr. Doucet.]

1. Sweet to the taste; luscious. [Obs.]
She tempers dulcet creams. Milton.

2. Sweet to the ear; melodious; harmonious.
Their dainty lays and dulcet melody. Spenser.

DULCIANA
Dul`ci*an"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. dulcis sweet.] (Mus.)

Defn: A sweet-toned stop of an organ.

DULCIFICATION
Dul`ci*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dulcification.]

Defn: The act of dulcifying or sweetening. Boyle.

DULCIFIED
Dul"ci*fied, a.

Defn: Sweetened; mollified. Dulcified spirit or spirits, a compound
of alcohol with mineral acids; as, dulcified spirits of niter.

DULCIFLUOUS
Dul*cif"lu*ous, a. Etym: [L. dulcis sweet + fluere to flow.]

Defn: Flowing sweetly. [R.]

DULCIFY
Dul"ci*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dulcified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dulcifying.] Etym: [L. dulcis sweet + -fy: cf. F. dulcifier.]

1. (Pharm.)

Defn: To sweeten; to free from acidity, saltness, or acrimony.
Wiseman.

2. Fig. : To mollify; to sweeten; to please.
As she . . . was further dulcified by her pipe of tobacco. Hawthorne.

DULCILOQUY
Dul*cil"o*quy, n. Etym: [L. dulcis sweet + loqui to speak.]

Defn: A soft manner of speaking.

DULCIMER
Dul"ci*mer, n. Etym: [It. dolcemele,r Sp. dulcemele, fr. L. dulcis
sweet + melos song, melody, Gr. doulcemele. See Dulcet, and Melody.]
(Mus.)
(a) An instrument, having stretched metallic wires which are beaten
with two light hammers held in the hands of the performer.
(b) An ancient musical instrument in use among the Jews. Dan. iii. 5.
It is supposed to be the same with the psaltery.

DULCINEA
Dul*cin"e*a, n. Etym: [Sp., from Dulcinea del Toboso the mistress of
the affections of Don Quixote.]

Defn: A mistress; a sweetheart.
I must ever have some Dulcinea in my head. Sterne.

DULCINESS
Dul"ci*ness, n.

Defn: See Dulceness. [Obs.]

DULCINO
Dul*ci"no, n. (Mus.)

Defn: See Dolcino.

DULCITE
Dul"cite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dulcite, fr. L. dulcis sweet.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, sugarlike substance, C6H8.(OH)2, occurring naturally
in a manna from Madagascar, and in certain plants, and produced
artificially by the reduction of galactose and lactose or milk sugar.

DULCITUDE
Dul"ci*tude, n. Etym: [L. dulcitudo, fr. dulcis sweet.

Defn: Sweetness. [R.] Cockeram.

DULCORATE
Dul"co*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. dulcoratus, p. p. of dulcorare, fr.
dulcor sweetness, fr. dulcis sweet.]

Defn: To sweeten; to make less acrimonious. [R.] Bacon.

DULCORATION
Dul`co*ra"tion, n. Etym: [LL. dulcoratio.]

Defn: The act of sweetening. [R.] Bacon.

DULEDGE
Du"ledge, n. (Mil.)

Defn: One of the dowels joining the ends of the fellies which form
the circle of the wheel of a gun carriage. Wilhelm.

DULIA
Du*li"a, n. Etym: [LL., fr. Gr. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: An inferior kind of veneration or worship, given to the angels
and saints as the servants of God.

DULL
Dull, a. [Compar. Duller; superl. Dullest.] Etym: [AS. dol foolish;
akin to gedwelan to err, D. dol mad, dwalen to wander, err, G. toll
mad, Goth. dwals foolish, stupid, cf. Gr. dhvr to cause to fall. Cf.
Dolt, Dwale, Dwell, Fraud.]

1. Slow of understanding; wanting readiness of apprehension; stupid;
doltish; blockish. "Dull at classical learning." Thackeray.
She is not bred so dull but she can learn. Shak.

2. Slow in action; sluggish; unready; awkward.
This people's heart is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of
hearing. Matt. xiii. 15.
O, help my weak wit and sharpen my dull tongue. Spenser.

3. Insensible; unfeeling.
Think me not So dull a devil to forget the loss Of such a matchless
wife. Beau. & Fl.

4. Not keen in edge or point; lacking sharpness; blunt. "Thy scythe
is dull." Herbert.

5. Not bright or clear to the eye; wanting in liveliness of color or
luster; not vivid; obscure; dim; as, a dull fire or lamp; a dull red
or yellow; a dull mirror.

6. Heavy; gross; cloggy; insensible; spiritless; lifeless; inert.
"The dull earth." Shak.
As turning the logs will make a dull fire burn, so changes of study a
dull brain. Longfellow.

7. Furnishing little delight, spirit, or variety; uninteresting;
tedious; cheerless; gloomy; melancholy; depressing; as, a dull story
or sermon; a dull occupation or period; hence, cloudy; overcast; as,
a dull day.
Along life's dullest, dreariest walk. Keble.

Syn.
 -- Lifeless; inanimate; dead; stupid; doltish; heavy; sluggish;
sleepy; drowsy; gross; cheerless; tedious; irksome; dismal; dreary;
clouded; tarnished; obtuse. See Lifeless.

DULL
Dull, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Duller; p. pr. & vb. n. Dulling.]

1. To deprive of sharpness of edge or point. "This . . . dulled their
swords." Bacon.
Borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry. Shak.

2. To make dull, stupid, or sluggish; to stupefy, as the senses, the
feelings, the perceptions, and the like.
Those [drugs] she has Will stupefy and dull the sense a while. Shak.
Use and custom have so dulled our eyes. Trench.

3. To render dim or obscure; to sully; to tarnish. "Dulls the
mirror." Bacon.

4. To deprive of liveliness or activity; to render heavy; to make
inert; to depress; to weary; to sadden.
Attention of mind . . . wasted or dulled through continuance. Hooker.

DULL
Dull, v. i.

Defn: To become dull or stupid. Rom. of R.

DULLARD
Dull"ard, n. Etym: [Dull + -ard.]

Defn: A stupid person; a dunce. Shak.
 -- a.

Defn: Stupid. Bp. Hall.

DULL-BRAINED
Dull"-brained`, a.

Defn: Stupid; doltish. Shak.

DULL-BROWED
Dull"-browed`, a.

Defn: Having a gloomy look.

DULLER
Dull"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, dulls.

DULL-EYED
Dull"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having eyes wanting brightness, liveliness, or vivacity. Shak.

DULLHEAD
Dull"head`, n.

Defn: A blockhead; a dolt. Ascham.

DULLISH
Dull"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat dull; uninteresting; tiresome. "A series of dullish
verses." Prof. Wilson.

DULLNESS
Dull"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being dull; slowness; stupidity; heaviness;
drowsiness; bluntness; obtuseness; dimness; want of luster; want of
vividness, or of brightness. [Written also dulness.]
And gentle dullness ever loves a joke. Pope.

DULL-SIGHTED
Dull"-sight`ed, a.

Defn: Having poor eyesight.

DULLSOME
Dull"some, a.

Defn: Dull. [R.] Gataker.

DULL-WITTED
Dull"-wit`ted, a.

Defn: Stupid.

DULLY
Dul"ly, adv.

Defn: In a dull manner; stupidly; slowly; sluggishly; without life or
spirit.
Supinely calm and dully innocent. G. Lyttelton.

DULOCRACY
Du*loc"ra*cy, n.

Defn: See Doulocracy.

DULSE
Dulse, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. duileasg; duille leaf + uisge water. Cf.
Whisky.] (Bot.)

Defn: A seaweed of a reddish brown color, which is sometimes eaten,
as in Scotland. The true dulse is Sarcophyllis edulis; the common is
Rhodymenia. [Written also dillisk.]
The crimson leaf of the dulse is seen To blush like a banner bathed
in slaughter. Percival.

DULWILLY
Dul"wil*ly, n. Etym: [Prob. imitative.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ring plover. [Prov. Eng.]

DULY
Du"ly, adv.

Defn: In a due, fit, or becoming manner; as it (anything) ought to
be; properly; regularly.

DUMAL
Du"mal, a. Etym: [L. dumus bramble.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or set with, briers or bushes; brambly. [R.]

DUMB
Dumb, a. Etym: [AS. dumb; akin to D. dom stupid, dumb, Sw. dumb,
Goth. dumbs; cf. Gr. Deaf, and cf. Dummy.]

1. Destitute of the power of speech; unable; to utter articulate
sounds; as, the dumb brutes.
To unloose the very tongues even of dumb creatures. Hooker.

2. Not willing to speak; mute; silent; not speaking; not accompanied
by words; as, dumb show.
This spirit, dumb to us, will speak to him. Shak.
To pierce into the dumb past. J. C. Shairp.

3. Lacking brightness or clearness, as a color. [R.]
Her stern was painted of a dumb white or dun color. De Foe.
Deaf and dumb. See Deaf-mute.
 -- Dumb ague, or Dumb chill, a form of intermittent fever which has
no well-defined "chill." [U.S.] -- Dumb animal, any animal except
man; -- usually restricted to a domestic quadruped; -- so called in
contradistinction to man, who is a "speaking animal." -- Dumb cake, a
cake made in silence by girls on St. Mark's eve, with certain mystic
ceremonies, to discover their future husbands. Halliwell.
 -- Dumb cane (Bot.), a west Indian plant of the Arum family
(Dieffenbachia seguina), which, when chewed, causes the tongue to
swell, and destroys temporarily the power of speech.
 -- Dumb crambo. See under crambo.
 -- Dumb show. (a) Formerly, a part of a dramatic representation,
shown in pantomime. "Inexplicable dumb shows and noise." Shak. (b)
Signs and gestures without words; as, to tell a story in dumb show.
 -- To strike dumb, to confound; to astonish; to render silent by
astonishment; or, it may be, to deprive of the power of speech.

Syn.
 -- Silent; speechless; noiseless. See Mute.

DUMB
Dumb, v. t.

Defn: To put to silence. [Obs.] Shak.

DUMB-BELL
Dumb"-bell`, n.

Defn: A weight, consisting of two spheres or spheroids, connected by
a short bar for a handle; used (often in pairs) for gymnastic
exercise.

DUMBLEDOR
Dum"ble*dor`, n. Etym: [The first part is prob. of imitative origin.
See Dor a beetle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bumblebee; also, a cockchafer. [Prov. Eng.]

DUMBLY
Dumb"ly, adv.

Defn: In silence; mutely.

DUMBNESS
Dumb"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being dumb; muteness; silence;
inability to speak.

DUMB-WAITER
Dumb"-wait`er, n.

Defn: A framework on which dishes, food, etc., are passed from one
room or story of a house to another; a lift for dishes, etc.; also, a
piece of furniture with movable or revolving shelves.

DUMDUM BULLET
Dum"dum bul"let. (Mil.)

Defn: A kind of manstopping bullet; -- so named from Dumdum, in
India, where bullets are manufactured for the Indian army.

DUMETOSE
Du"me*tose`, a. Etym: [From L. dumetum a thicket.] (Bot.)

Defn: Dumose.

DUMFOUND
Dum"found`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dumfounded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dumfounding.]

Defn: To strike dumb; to confuse with astonishment. [Written also
dumbfound.] Spectator.

DUMFOUNDER
Dum"found`er, v. t.

Defn: To dumfound; to confound. [Written also dumbfounder.]

DUMMADOR
Dum"ma*dor`, n.

Defn: A dumbledor.

DUMMERER
Dum"mer*er, n.

Defn: One who feigns dumbness. [Obs.] Burton.

DUMMY
Dum"my, a. Etym: [See Dumb.]

1. Silent; mute; noiseless; as a dummy engine.

2. Fictitious or sham; feigned; as, a dummy watch. Dummy car. See
under Car.

DUMMY
Dum"my, n.; pl. Dummies (.

1. One who is dumb. H. Smith.

2. A sham package in a shop, or one which does not contain what its
exterior indicates.

3. An imitation or copy of something, to be used as a substitute; a
model; a lay figure; as, a figure on which clothing is exhibited in
shop windows; a blank paper copy used to show the size of the future
book, etc.

4. (Drama)

Defn: One who plays a merely nominal part in any action; a sham
character.

5. A thick-witted person; a dolt. [Colloq.]

6. (Railroad)

Defn: A locomotive with condensing engines, and, hence, without the
noise of escaping steam; also, a dummy car.

7. (Card Playing)

Defn: The fourth or exposed hand when three persons play at a four-
handed game of cards.

8. A floating barge connected with a pier. Knight. To play dummy, to
play the exposed or dummy hand in cards. The partner of the dummy
plays it.

DUMOSE; DUMOUS
Du`mose", Du"mous, a. Etym: [L. dumosus, fr. dumus a thornbush, a
bramble.]

1. Abounding with bushes and briers.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a compact, bushy form.

DUMP
Dump, n. Etym: [See Dumpling.]

Defn: A thick, ill-shapen piece; a clumsy leaden counter used by boys
in playing chuck farthing. [Eng.] Smart.

DUMP
Dump, n. Etym: [Cf. dial. Sw. dumpin melancholy, Dan.dump dull, low,
D. dompig damp, G. dumpf damp, dull, gloomy, and E. damp, or rather
perh. dump, v. t. Cf. Damp, or Dump, v. t.]

1. A dull, gloomy state of the mind; sadness; melancholy; low
spirits; despondency; ill humor; -- now used only in the plural.
March slowly on in solemn dump. Hudibras.
Doleful dumps the mind oppress. Shak.
I was musing in the midst of my dumps. Bunyan.

Note: The ludicrous associations now attached to this word did not
originally belong to it. "Holland's translation of Livy represents
the Romans as being `in the dumps' after the battle of Cannæ."
Trench.

2. Absence of mind; revery. Locke.

3. A melancholy strain or tune in music; any tune. [Obs.] "Tune a
deploring dump." "Play me some merry dump." Shak.

4. An old kind of dance. [Obs.] Nares.

DUMP
Dump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Dumping.] Etym:
[OE. dumpen to throw down, fall down, cf. Icel. dumpa to thump, Dan.
dumpe to fall suddenly, rush, dial. Sw. dimpa to fall down plump. Cf.
Dump sadness.]

1. To knock heavily; to stump. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. To put or throw down with more or less of violence; hence, to
unload from a cart by tilting it; as, to dump sand, coal, etc. [U.S.]
Bartlett. Dumping car or cart, a railway car, or a cart, the body of
which can be tilted to empty the contents; -- called also dump car,
or dump cart.

DUMP
Dump, n.

1. A car or boat for dumping refuse, etc.

2. A ground or place for dumping ashes, refuse, etc.

3. That which is dumped.

4. (Mining)

Defn: A pile of ore or rock.

DUMPAGE
Dump"age, n.

1. The act of dumping loads from carts, especially loads of refuse
matter; also, a heap of dumped matter.

2. A fee paid for the privilege of dumping loads.

DUMPINESS
Dump"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being dumpy.

DUMPISH
Dump"ish, a.

Defn: Dull; stupid; sad; moping; melancholy. " A . . . dumpish and
sour life." Lord Herbert.
 -- Dump"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Dump"ish*ness, n.

DUMPLE
Dum"ple, v. t. Etym: [See Dumpling.]

Defn: To make dumpy; to fold, or bend, as one part over another. [R.]
He was a little man, dumpled up together. Sir W. Scott.

DUMPLING
Dump"ling, n. Etym: [Dimin. of dump an illshapen piece; cf. D.
dompelen to plunge, dip, duck, Scot. to dump in to plunge into, and
E. dump, v. t.]

Defn: A roundish mass of dough boiled in soup, or as a sort of
pudding; often, a cover of paste inclosing an apple or other fruit,
and boiled or baked; as, an apple dumpling.

DUMPY
Dump"y, a. [Compar. Dumpier; superl. Dumpiest.] Etym: [

1. From Dump a short ill-shapen piece.

2. From Dump sadness.]

1. Short and thick; of low stature and disproportionately stout.

2. Sullen or discontented. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

DUMPY LEVEL
Dump"y lev"el. (Surv.)

Defn: A level having a short telescope (hence its name) rigidly fixed
to a table capable only of rotatory movement in a horizontal plane.
The telescope is usually an inverting one. It is sometimes called the
Troughton level, from the name of the inventor, and a variety
improved by one Gavatt is known as the Gavatt level.

DUN
Dun, n. Etym: [See Dune.]

Defn: A mound or small hill.

DUN
Dun, v. t.

Defn: To cure, as codfish, in a particular manner, by laying them,
after salting, in a pile in a dark place, covered with salt grass or
some like substance.

DUN
Dun, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Dunned; p. pr. & vb. n. Dunning.] Etym:
[AS. dyne noise, dynian to make a noise, or fr. Icel. dynr, duna,
noise, thunder, duna to thunder; the same word as E. din. Din.]

Defn: To ask or beset, as a debtor, for payment; to urge
importunately.
Hath she sent so soon to dun Swift.

DUN
Dun, n.

1. One who duns; a dunner.
To be pulled by the sleeve by some rascally dun. Arbuthnot.

2. An urgent request or demand of payment; as, he sent his debtor a
dun.

DUN
Dun, a. Etym: [AS. dunn. of Celtic origin; cf. W. dwn, Ir. & Gael.
donn.]

Defn: Of a dark color; of a color partaking of a brown and black; of
a dull brown color; swarthy.
Summer's dun cloud comes thundering up. Pierpont.
Chill and dun Falls on the moor the brief November day. Keble.
Dun crow (Zoöl.), the hooded crow; -- so called from its color; --
also called hoody, and hoddy.
 -- Dun diver (Zoöl.), the goosander or merganser.

DUNBIRD
Dun"bird`, n. Etym: [Named from its color.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The pochard; -- called also dunair, and dunker, or dun-curre.
(b) An American duck; the ruddy duck.

DUNCE
Dunce, n. Etym: [From Joannes Duns Scotus, a schoolman called the
Subtle Doctor, who died in 1308. Originally in the phrase "a Duns
man". See Note below.]

Defn: One backward in book learning; a child or other person dull or
weak in intellect; a dullard; a dolt.
I never knew this town without dunces of figure. Swift.

Note: The schoolmen were often called, after their great leader Duns
Scotus, Dunsmen or Duncemen. In the revival of learning they were
violently opposed to classical studies; hence, the name of Dunce was
applied with scorn and contempt to an opposer of learning, or to one
slow at learning, a dullard.

DUNCEDOM
Dunce"dom, n.

Defn: The realm or domain of dunces. [Jocose] Carlyle.

DUNCERY
Dun"cer*y, n.

Defn: Dullness; stupidity.

DUNCICAL
Dun"ci*cal, a.

Defn: Like a dunce; duncish.
The most dull and duncical commissioner. Fuller.

DUNCIFY
Dun"ci*fy, v. t. Etym: [Dunce + -fy.]

Defn: To make stupid in intellect. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

DUNCISH
Dun"cish, a.

Defn: Somewhat like a dunce. [R.] -- Dun"cish*ness, n. [R.]

DUNDER
Dun"der, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. redundar to overflow.]

Defn: The lees or dregs of cane juice, used in the distillation of
rum. [West Indies]
The use of dunder in the making of rum answers the purpose of yeast
in the fermentation of flour. B. Edwards.

DUNDERHEAD
Dun"der*head`, n. Etym: [Prov. Eng. also dunderpoll, from dunder,
same as thunder.]

Defn: A dunce; a numskull; a blockhead. Beau. & Fl.

DUNDER-HEADED
Dun"der-head`ed, a.

Defn: Thick-headed; stupid.

DUNDERPATE
Dun"der*pate`, n.

Defn: See Dunderhead.

DUNE
Dune, n. Etym: [The same word as down: cf. D. duin. See Down a bank
of sand.]

Defn: A low hill of drifting sand usually formed on the coats, but
often carried far inland by the prevailing winds. [Written also dun.]
Three great rivers, the Rhine, the Meuse, and the Scheldt, had
deposited their slime for ages among the dunes or sand banks heaved
up by the ocean around their mouths. Motley.

DUNFISH
Dun"fish, n.

Defn: Codfish cured in a particular manner, so as to be of a superior
quality.

DUNG
Dung, n. Etym: [AS. dung; akin to G. dung, dünger, OHG. tunga, Sw.
dynga; cf. Icel. dyngja heap, Dan. dynge, MHG. tunc underground
dwelling place, orig., covered with dung. Cf. Dingy.]

Defn: The excrement of an animal. Bacon.

DUNG
Dung, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dunged; p. pr. & vb. n. Dunging.]

1. To manure with dung. Dryden.

2. (Calico Print.)

Defn: To immerse or steep, as calico, in a bath of hot water
containing cow dung; -- done to remove the superfluous mordant.

DUNG
Dung, v. i.

Defn: To void excrement. Swift.

DUNGAREE
Dun`ga*ree", n.

Defn: A coarse kind of unbleached cotton stuff. [Written also
dungari.] [India]

DUNGEON
Dun"geon, n. Etym: [OE. donjoun highest tower of a castle, tower,
prison, F. donjon tower or platform in the midst of a castle, turret,
or closet on the top of a house, a keep of a castle, LL. domnio, the
same word as LL. dominus lord. See Dame, Don, and cf. Dominion,
Domain, Demesne, Danger, Donjon.]

Defn: A close, dark prison, commondonjon or keep of a castle, these
being used as prisons.
Down with him even into the deep dungeon. Tyndale.
Year after year he lay patiently in a dungeon. Macaulay.

DUNGEON
Dun"geon, v. t.

Defn: To shut up in a dungeon. Bp. Hall.

DUNGFORK
Dung"fork`, n.

Defn: A fork for tossing dung.

DUNGHILL
Dung"hill`, n.

1. A heap of dung.

2. Any mean situation or condition; a vile abode.
He . . . lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill. 1. Sam. ii. 8.
Dunghill fowl, a domestic fowl of common breed.

DUNGMEER
Dung"meer`, n. Etym: [Dung + (prob.) meer a pool.]

Defn: A pit where dung and weeds rot for manure.

DUNGY
Dung"y, a.

Defn: Full of dung; filthy; vile; low. Shak.

DUNGYARD
Dung"yard`, n.

Defn: A yard where dung is collected.

DUNKER
Dun"ker, n. Etym: [G. tunken to dip.]

Defn: One of a religious denomination whose tenets and practices are
mainly those of the Baptists, but partly those of the Quakers; --
called also Tunkers, Dunkards, Dippers, and, by themselves, Brethren,
and German Baptists.

Note: The denomination was founded in Germany in 1708, but after a
few years the members emigrated to the United States. Seventh-day
Dunkers, a sect which separated from the Dunkers and formed a
community, in 1728. They keep the seventh day or Saturday as the
Sabbath.

DUNLIN
Dun"lin, n. Etym: [Prob. of Celtic origin; cf. Gael. dun hill (E.
dune), and linne pool, pond, lake, E. lin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of sandpiper (Tringa alpina); -- called also churr,
dorbie, grass bird, and red-backed sandpiper. It is found both in
Europe and America.

DUNNAGE
Dun"nage, n. Etym: [Cf. Dun a mound.] (Naut.)

Defn: Fagots, boughs, or loose materials of any kind, laid on the
bottom of the hold for the cargo to rest upon to prevent injury by
water, or stowed among casks and other cargo to prevent their motion.

DUNNER
Dun"ner, n. Etym: [From Dun to ask payment from.]

Defn: One employed in soliciting the payment of debts.

DUNNISH
Dun"nish, a.

Defn: Inclined to a dun color. Ray.

DUNNOCK
Dun"nock, n. Etym: [Cf. Dun,a.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hedge sparrow or hedge accentor. [Local, Eng.]

DUNNY
Dun"ny, a.

Defn: Deaf; stupid.[Prov. Eng.]
My old dame Joan is something dunny, and will scarce know how to
manage. Sir W. Scott.

DUNT
Dunt, n. Etym: [Dint.]

Defn: A blow. [Obs.] R. of Glouc.

DUNTED
Dunt"ed, a.

Defn: Beaten; hence, blunted. [Obs.]
Fencer's swords . . . having the edge dunted. Fuller.

DUNTER
Dun"ter, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A porpoise. [Scott.] Dunter goose (Zoöl.) the eider duck. J.
Brand.

DUO
Du"o, n. Etym: [It. duo, fr. L. duo two. See Duet.] (Mus.)

Defn: A composition for two performers; a duet.

DUODECAHEDRAL; DUODECAHEDRON
Du`o*dec`a*he"dral, a., Du`o*dec`a*he"dron (, n.

Defn: See Dodecahedral, and Dodecahedron.

DUODECENNIAL
Du`o*de*cen"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. duodecennis; duodecim twelve + annus
year.]

Defn: Consisting of twelve years. [R.] Ash.

DUODECIMAL
Du`o*dec"i*mal, a. Etym: [L. duodecim twelve. See Dozen.]

Defn: Proceeding in computation by twelves; expressed in the scale of
twelves.
 -- Du`o*dec"i*mal*ly, adv.

DUODECIMAL
Du`o*dec"i*mal, n.

1. A twelfth part; as, the duodecimals of an inch.

2. pl. (Arch.)

Defn: A system of numbers, whose denominations rise in a scale of
twelves, as of feet and inches. The system is used chiefly by
artificers in computing the superficial and solid contents of their
work.

DUODECIMFID
Du`o*dec"im*fid, a. Etym: [L. duodecim twelve + findere to cleave.]

Defn: Divided into twelve parts.

DUODECIMO
Du`o*dec"i*mo, a. Etym: [L. in duodecimo in twelfth, fr. duodecimus
twelfth, fr. duodecim twelve. See Dozen.]

Defn: Having twelve leaves to a sheet; as, a duodecimo from, book,
leaf, size, etc.

DUODECIMO
Du*o*dec"i*mo, n.; pl. Duodecimos (.

Defn: A book consisting of sheets each of which is folded into twelve
leaves; hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a size of a book;
-- usually written 12mo or 12º.

DUODECUPLE
Du`o*dec"u*ple, a. Etym: [L. duo two + decuple.]

Defn: Consisting of twelves. Arbuthnot.

DUODENAL
Du`o*de"nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. duodénal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the duodenum; as, duodenal digestion.

DUODENARY
Du`o*den"a*ry, a. Etym: [L. duodenarius, fr. duodeni twelve each: cf.
F. duodénaire.]

Defn: Containing twelve; twelvefold; increasing by twelves;
duodecimal.

DUODENUM
Du`o*de"num, n. Etym: [NL., fr. duodeni twelve each: cf. F. duodenum.
So called because its length is about twelve fingers' breadth.]
(Anat.)

Defn: The part of the small intestines between the stomach and the
jejunum. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus, under Digestive.

DUOGRAPH
Du"o*graph, n. [L. duo two + -graph.] (Photo-engraving)

Defn: A picture printed from two half-tone plates made with the
screen set at different angles, and usually printed in two shades of
the same color or in black and one tint.

DUOLITERAL
Du`o*lit"er*al, a. Etym: [L. duo two + E. literal.]

Defn: Consisting of two letters only; biliteral. Stuart.

DUOMO
Duo"mo, n. Etym: [It. See Done.]

Defn: A cathedral. See Dome, 2.
Of tower or duomo, sunny sweet. Tennyson.

DUOTONE
Du"o*tone, n. [L. duo two + tone.] (Photoengraving)

Defn: Any picture printed in two shades of the same color, as
duotypes and duographs are usually printed.

DUOTYPE
Du"o*type, n. [L. duo two + type.] (Photoengraving)

Defn: A print made from two half-tone plates made from the same
negative, but etched differently.

DUP
Dup, v. t. Etym: [Contr. fr. do up, that is, to lift up the latch.
Cf. Don, Doff.]

Defn: To open; as, to dup the door. [Obs.] Shak.

DUPABLE
Dup"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being duped.

DUPE
Dupe, n. Etym: [F., prob. from Prov. F. dupe, dube; of unknown
origin; equiv. to F. huppe hoopoe, a foolish bird, easily caught. Cf.
Armor. houpérik hoopoe, a man easily deceived. Cf. also Gull, Booby.]

Defn: One who has been deceived or who is easily deceived; a gull;
as, the dupe of a schemer.

DUPE
Dupe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Duped; p. pr. & vb. n. Duping.] Etym: [Cf.
F. duper, fr. dupe. See Dupe, n.]

Defn: To deceive; to trick; to mislead by imposing on one's
credulity; to gull; as, dupe one by flattery.
Ne'er have I duped him with base counterfeits. Coleridge.

DUPER
Dup"er, n.

Defn: One who dupes another.

DUPERY
Dup"er*y, n. Etym: [F. duperie, fr. duper.]

Defn: The act or practice of duping. [R.]

DUPION
Du"pi*on, n. Etym: [F. doupion, It. doppione, fr. doppio double, L.
duplus. See Double, and cf. Doubloon.]

Defn: A double cocoon, made by two silkworms.

DUPLE
Du"ple, a. Etym: [L. duplus. See Double.]

Defn: Double. Duple ratio (Math.), that in which the antecedent term
is double the consequent, as of 2 to 1, 8 to 4, etc.

DUPLEX
Du"plex, a. Etym: [L., fr. duo two + plicare to fold. See Two, and
Complex.]

Defn: Double; twofold. Duplex escapement, a peculiar kind of watch
escapement, in which the scape-wheel has two sets of teeth. See
Escapement.
 -- Duplex lathe, one for turning off, screwing, and surfacing, by
means of two cutting tools, on opposite sides of the piece operated
upon.
 -- Duplex pumping engine, a steam pump in which two steam cylinders
are placed side by side, one operating the valves of the other.
 -- Duplex querela Etym: [L., double complaint] (Eccl. Law), a
complaint in the nature of an appeal from the ordinary to his
immediate superior, as from a bishop to an archbishop. Mozley & W.
 -- Duplex telegraphy, a system of telegraphy for sending two
messages over the same wire simultaneously.
 -- Duplex watch, one with a duplex escapement.

DUPLICATE
Du"pli*cate, a. Etym: [L. duplicatus, p. p. of duplicare to double,
fr. duplex double, twofold. See Duplex.]

Defn: Double; twofold. Duplicate proportion or ratio (Math.), the
proportion or ratio of squares. Thus, in geometrical proportion, the
first term to the third is said to be in a duplicate ratio of the
first to the second, or as its square is to the square of the second.
Thus, in 2, 4, 8, 16, the ratio of 2 to 8 is a duplicate of that of 2
to 4, or as the square of 2 is to the square of 4.

DUPLICATE
Du"pli*cate, n.

1. That which exactly resembles or corresponds to something else;
another, correspondent to the first; hence, a copy; a transcript; a
counterpart.
I send a duplicate both of it and my last dispatch. Sir W. Temple.

2. (Law)

Defn: An original instrument repeated; a document which is the same
as another in all essential particulars, and differing from a mere
copy in having all the validity of an original. Burrill.

DUPLICATE
Du"pli*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Duplicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Duplicating.]

1. To double; to fold; to render double.

2. To make a duplicate of (something); to make a copy or transcript
of. Glanvill.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: To divide into two by natural growth or spontaneous action; as,
infusoria duplicate themselves.

DUPLICATION
Du`pli*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. duplicatio: cf. F. duplication.]

1. The act of duplicating, or the state of being duplicated; a
doubling; a folding over; a fold.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The act or process of dividing by natural growth or spontaneous
action; as, the duplication of cartilage cells. Carpenter.
Duplication of the cube (Math.), the operation of finding a cube
having a volume which is double that of a given cube.

DUPLICATIVE
Du"pli*ca*tive, a.

1. Having the quality of duplicating or doubling.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Having the quality of subdividing into two by natural growth.
"Duplicative subdivision." Carpenter.

DUPLICATURE
Du"pli*ca*ture, n. Etym: [Cf. F. duplicature.]

Defn: A doubling; a fold, as of a membrane.

DUPLICITY
Du*plic"i*ty, n.; pl. Duplicities. Etym: [F. duplicité, L.
duplicitas, fr. duplex double. See Duplex.]

1. Doubleness; a twofold state. [Archaic]
Do not affect duplicities nor triplicities, nor any certain number of
parts in your division of things. I. Watts.

2. Doubleness of heart or speech; insincerity; a sustained form of
deception which consists in entertaining or pretending to entertain
one of feelings, and acting as if influenced by another; bad faith.
Far from the duplicity wickedly charged on him, he acted his part
with alacrity and resolution. Burke.

3. (Law)
(a) The use of two or more distinct allegations or answers, where one
is sufficient. Blackstone.
(b) In indictments, the union of two incompatible offenses. Wharton.

Syn.
 -- Double dealing; dissimulation; deceit; guile; deception;
falsehood.

DUPPER
Dup"per, n.

Defn: See 2d Dubber.

DUR
Dur, a. Etym: [G., fr. L. durus hard, firm, vigorous.] (Mus.)

Defn: Major; in the major mode; as, C dur, that is, C major.

DURA
Du"ra, n.

Defn: Short form for Dura mater.

DURABILITY
Du`ra*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. durabilitas.]

Defn: The state or quality of being durable; the power of
uninterrupted or long continuance in any condition; the power of
resisting agents or influences which tend to cause changes, decay, or
dissolution; lastingness.
A Gothic cathedral raises ideas of grandeur in our minds by the size,
its height, . . . its antiquity, and its durability. Blair.

DURABLE
Du"ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. durabilis, fr. durare to last: cf. F.
durable. See Dure.]

Defn: Able to endure or continue in a particular condition; lasting;
not perishable or changeable; not wearing out or decaying soon;
enduring; as, durable cloth; durable happiness.
Riches and honor are with me; yea, durable riches and righteousness.
Prov. viii. 18.
An interest which from its object and grounds must be so durable. De
Quincey.

Syn.
 -- Lasting; permanent; enduring; firm; stable; continuing; constant;
persistent. See Lasting.

DURABLENESS
Du"ra*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Power of lasting, enduring, or resisting; durability.
The durableness of the metal that supports it. Addison.

DURABLY
Du"ra*bly, adv.

Defn: In a lasting manner; with long continuance.

DURAL
Du"ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the dura, or dura mater.

DURA MATER
Du"ra ma"ter. Etym: [L., lit., hard mother. The membrane was called
mater, or mother, because it was formerly thought to give rise to
every membrane of the body.] (Anat.)

Defn: The tough, fibrous membrane, which lines the cavity of the
skull and spinal column, and surrounds the brain and spinal cord; --
frequently abbreviated to dura.

DURAMEN
Du*ra"men, n. Etym: [L., hardness, a hardened, i. e., ligneous, vine
branch, fr. durare to harden. See Dure.] (Bot.)

Defn: The heartwood of an exogenous tree.

DURANCE
Dur"ance, n. Etym: [OF. durance duration, fr. L. durans, -antis, p.
pr. durare to endure, last. See Dure, and cf. Durant.]

1. Continuance; duration. See Endurance. [Archaic]
Of how short durance was this new-made state! Dryden.

2. Imprisonment; restraint of the person; custody by a jailer;
duress. Shak. "Durance vile." Burns.
In durance, exile, Bedlam or the mint. Pope.

3.
(a) A stout cloth stuff, formerly made in imitation of buff leather
and used for garments; a sort of tammy or everlasting.
Where didst thou buy this buff let me not live but I will give thee a
good suit of durance. J. Webster.

(b) In modern manufacture, a worsted of one color used for window
blinds and similar purposes.

DURANCY
Dur"an*cy, n.

Defn: Duration. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

DURANT
Dur"ant, n. Etym: [F. durant, p. pr. of durer to last. Cf. Durance.]

Defn: See Durance, 3.

DURANTE
Du*ran"te, prep. Etym: [L., abl. case of the p. pr. of durare to
last.] (Law)

Defn: During; as, durante vita, during life; durante bene placito,
during pleasure.

DURATION
Du*ra"tion, n. Etym: [OF. duration. See Dure.]

Defn: The state or quality of lasting; continuance in time; the
portion of time during which anything exists.
It was proposed that the duration of Parliament should be limited.
Macaulay.
Soon shall have passed our own human duration. D. Webster.

DURATIVE
Dur"a*tive, a.

Defn: Continuing; not completed; implying duration.
Its durative tense, which expresses the thought of it as going on. J.
Byrne.

DURBAR
Dur"bar, n. Etym: [Hind. darbar, fr. Per dar house, court, hall of
audience; dar door, gate + bar court, assembly.]

Defn: An audience hall; the court of a native prince; a state levee;
a formal reception of native princes, given by the governor general
of India. [India] [Written also darbar.]

DURE
Dure, a. Etym: [L. durus; akin to Ir. & Gael. dur , stubborn, W. dir
certain, sure, cf. Gr.

Defn: Hard; harsh; severe; rough; toilsome. [R.]
The winter is severe, and life is dure and rude. W. H. Russell.

DURE
Dure, v. i. Etym: [F. durer, L. durare to harden, be hardened, to
endure, last, fr. durus hard. See Dure, a.]

Defn: To last; to continue; to endure. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.
Yet hath he not root in himself, but dureth for a while. Matt. xiii.
21.

DUREFUL
Dure"ful, a.

Defn: Lasting. [Obs.] Spenser.

DURELESS
Dure"less, a.

Defn: Not lasting. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

DURENE
Du"rene, n. Etym: [L. durus hard; -- so called because solid at
ordinary temperatures.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, crystalline, aromatic hydrocarbon, C6H2(CH3)4, off
artificial production, with an odor like camphor.

DURESS
Du"ress, n. Etym: [OF. duresse, du, hardship, severity, L. duritia,
durities, fr. durus hard. See Dure.]

1. Hardship; constraint; pressure; imprisonment; restraint of
liberty.
The agreements . . . made with the landlords during the time of
slavery, are only the effect of duress and force. Burke.

2. (Law)

Defn: The state of compulsion or necessity in which a person is
influenced, whether by the unlawful restrain of his liberty or by
actual or threatened physical violence, to incur a civil liability or
to commit an offense.

DURESS
Du*ress", v. t.

Defn: To subject to duress. "The party duressed." Bacon.

DURESSOR
Du*ress"or, n. (Law)

Defn: One who subjects another to duress Bacon.

DURGA
Dur"ga, n. (Myth.)

Defn: Same as Doorga.

DURHAM
Dur"ham, n.

Defn: One or a breed of short-horned cattle, originating in the
county of Durham, England. The Durham cattle are noted for their
beef-producing quality.

DURIAN; DURION
Du"ri*an, or Du"ri*on, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of the durio. It is oval or globular, and eight or
ten inches long. It has a hard prickly rind, containing a soft,
cream-colored pulp, of a most delicious flavor and a very offensive
odor. The seeds are roasted and eaten like chestnuts.

DURING
Dur"ing, prep. Etym: [Orig., p. pr. of dure.]

Defn: In the time of; as long as the action or existence of; as,
during life; during the space of a year.

DURIO
Du"ri*o, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Malay d thorn.] (Bot.)

Defn: A fruit tree (D. zibethinus, the only species known) of the
Indian Archipelago. It bears the durian.

DURITY
Du"ri*ty, n. Etym: [L. duritas, fr. durus hard.] [Obs.]

1. Hardness; firmness. Sir T. Browne.

2. Harshness; cruelty. Cockeram.

DUROMETER
Du*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. durus hard + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the degree of hardness; especially,
an instrument for testing the relative hardness of steel rails and
the like.

DUROUS
Du"rous, a. Etym: [L. durus.]

Defn: Hard. [Obs. & R.]

DURRA
Dur"ra, n. Etym: [Ar. dhorra.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of millet, cultivated throughout Asia, and introduced
into the south of Europe; a variety of Sorghum vulgare; -- called
also Indian millet, and Guinea corn. [Written also dhoorra, dhurra,
doura, etc.]

DURST
Durst, imp.

Defn: of Dare. See Dare, v. i.

DURUKULI
Du`ru*ku"li, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, nocturnal, South American monkey (Nyctipthecus
trivirgatus). [Written also douroucouli.]

DURYLIC
Du*ryl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, allied to, or derived from, durene; as, durylic
acid.

DUSE
Duse, n.

Defn: A demon or spirit. See Deuce.

DUSK
Dusk, a. Etym: [OE. dusc, dosc, deosc; cf. dial. Sw. duska to
drizzle, dusk a slight shower.

Defn: Tending to darkness or blackness; moderately dark or black;
dusky.
A pathless desert, dusk with horrid shades. Milton.

DUSK
Dusk, n.

1. Imperfect obscurity; a middle degree between light and darkness;
twilight; as, the dusk of the evening.

2. A darkish color.
Whose duck set off the whiteness of the skin. Dryden.

DUSK
Dusk, v. t.

Defn: To make dusk. [Archaic]
After the sun is up, that shadow which dusketh the light of the moon
must needs be under the earth. Holland.

DUSK
Dusk, v. i.

Defn: To grow dusk. [R.] Chaucer.

DUSKEN
Dusk"en, v. t.

Defn: To make dusk or obscure. [R.]
Not utterly defaced, but only duskened. Nicolls.

DUSKILY
Dusk"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dusky manner. Byron.

DUSKINESS
Dusk"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being dusky.

DUSKISH
Dusk"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat dusky. " Duskish smoke." Spenser.
 -- Dusk"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Dusk"ish*ness, n.

DUSKNESS
Dusk"ness, n.

Defn: Duskiness. [R.] Sir T. Elyot.

DUSKY
Dusk"y, a.

1. Partially dark or obscure; not luminous; dusk; as, a dusky valley.
Through dusky lane and wrangling mart. Keble.

2. Tending to blackness in color; partially black; dark-colored; not
bright; as, a dusky brown. Bacon.
When Jove in dusky clouds involves the sky. Dryden.
The figure of that first ancestor invested by family tradition with a
dim and dusky grandeur. Hawthorne.

3. Gloomy; sad; melancholy.
This dusky scene of horror, this melancholy prospect. Bentley.

4. Intellectually clouded.
Though dusky wits dare scorn astrology. Sir P. Sidney.

DUST
Dust, n. Etym: [AS. dust; cf. LG. dust, D. duist meal dust, OD.
doest, donst, and G. dunst vapor, OHG. tunist, dunist, a blowing,
wind, Icel. dust dust, Dan. dyst mill dust; perh. akin to L. fumus
smoke, E. fume. .]

1. Fine, dry particles of earth or other matter, so comminuted that
they may be raised and wafted by the wind; that which is crumbled too
minute portions; fine powder; as, clouds of dust; bone dust.
Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return. Gen. iii. 19.
Stop! -- for thy tread is on an empire's dust. Byron.

2. A single particle of earth or other matter. [R.] "To touch a dust
of England's ground." Shak.

3. The earth, as the resting place of the dead.
For now shall sleep in the dust. Job vii. 21.

4. The earthy remains of bodies once alive; the remains of the human
body.
And you may carve a shrine about my dust. Tennyson.

5. Figuratively, a worthless thing.
And by the merit of vile gold, dross, dust. Shak.

6. Figuratively, a low or mean condition.
[God] raiseth up the poor out of the dust. 1 Sam. ii. 8.

7. Gold dust; hence: (Slang)

Defn: Coined money; cash. Down with the dust, deposit the cash; pay
down the money. [Slang] "My lord, quoth the king, presently deposit
your hundred pounds in gold, or else no going hence all the days of
your life. . . . The Abbot down with his dust, and glad he escaped
so, returned to Reading." Fuller.
 -- Dust brand (Bot.), a fungous plant (Ustilago Carbo); -- called
also smut.
 -- Gold dust, fine particles of gold, such as are obtained in placer
mining; -- often used as money, being transferred by weight.
 -- In dust and ashes. See under Ashes.
 -- To bite the dust. See under Bite, v. t.
 -- To raise, or kick up, dust, to make a commotion. [Colloq.] -- To
throw dust in one's eyes, to mislead; to deceive. [Colloq.]

DUST
Dust, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Dusting.]

1. To free from dust; to brush, wipe, or sweep away dust from; as, to
dust a table or a floor.

2. To sprinkle with dust.

3. To reduce to a fine powder; to levigate. Sprat. To dyst one's
jacket, to give one a flogging. [Slang.]

DUSTBRUSH
Dust"brush`, n.

Defn: A brush of feathers, bristles, or hair, for removing dust from
furniture.

DUSTER
Dust"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, dusts; a utensil that frees from dust.
Specifically:
(a) (Paper Making) A revolving wire-cloth cylinder which removes the
dust from rags, etc. (b) (Milling)

Defn: A blowing machine for separating the flour from the bran.

2. A light over-garment, worn in traveling to protect the clothing
from dust. [U.S.]

DUSTINESS
Dust"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being dusty.

DUSTLESS
Dust"less, a.

Defn: Without dust; as a dustless path.

DUSTMAN
Dust"man, p.; pl. Dustmen (.

Defn: One whose employment is to remove dirt and defuse. Gay.

DUSTPAN
Dust"pan, n.

Defn: A shovel-like utensil for conveying away dust brushed from the
floor.

DUST-POINT
Dust"-point`, n.

Defn: An old rural game.
With any boy at dust-point they shall play. Peacham (1620).

DUSTY
Dust"y, a. [Compar. Dustier; superl. Dustiest.] Etym: [AS. dystig.
See Dust.]

1. Filled, covered, or sprinkled with dust; clouded with dust; as, a
dusty table; also, reducing to dust.
And all our yesterdays have lighted fools The way to dusty death.
Shak.

2. Like dust; of the color of dust; as a dusty white. Dusty miller
(Bot.), a plant (Cineraria maritima); -- so called because of the
ashy-white coating of its leaves.

DUTCH
Dutch, a. Etym: [D. duitsch German; or G. deutsch, orig., popular,
national, OD. dietsc, MHG. diutsch, tiutsch, OHG. diutisk, fr. diot,
diota, a people, a nation; akin to AS. peód, OS. thiod, thioda, Goth.
piuda; cf. Lith. tauta land, OIr. tuath people, Oscan touto. The
English have applied the name especially to the Germanic people
living nearest them, the Hollanders. Cf. Derrick, Teutonic.]

Defn: Pertaining to Holland, or to its inhabitants. Dutch auction.
See under Auction.
 -- Dutch cheese, a small, pound, hard cheese, made from skim milk.
 -- Dutch clinker, a kind of brick made in Holland. It is yellowish,
very hard, and long and narrow in shape.
 -- Dutch clover (Bot.), common white clover (Trifolium repens), the
seed of which was largely imported into England from Holland.
 -- Dutch concert, a so-called concert in which all the singers sing
at the same time different songs. [Slang] -- Dutch courage, the
courage of partial intoxication. [Slang] Marryat.
 -- Dutch door, a door divided into two parts, horizontally, so
arranged that the lower part can be shut and fastened, while the
upper part remains open.
 -- Dutch foil, Dutch leaf, or Dutch gold, a kind of brass rich in
copper, rolled or beaten into thin sheets, used in Holland to
ornament toys and paper; -- called also Dutch mineral, Dutch metal,
brass foil, and bronze leaf.
 -- Dutch liquid (Chem.), a thin, colorless, volatile liquid,
C2H4Cl2, of a sweetish taste and a pleasant ethereal odor, produced
by the union of chlorine and ethylene or olefiant gas; -- called also
Dutch oil. It is so called because discovered (in 1795) by an
association of four Hollandish chemists. See Ethylene, and Olefiant.
 -- Dutch oven, a tin screen for baking before an open fire or
kitchen range; also, in the United States, a shallow iron kettle for
baking, with a cover to hold burning coals.
 -- Dutch pink, chalk, or whiting dyed yellow, and used in distemper,
and for paper staining. etc. Weale.
 -- Dutch rush (Bot.), a species of horsetail rush or Equisetum (E.
hyemale) having a rough, siliceous surface, and used for scouring and
polishing; -- called also scouring rush, and shave grass. See
Equisetum.
 -- Dutch tile, a glazed and painted ornamental tile, formerly much
exported, and used in the jambs of chimneys and the like.

Note: Dutch was formerly used for German.
Germany is slandered to have sent none to this war [the Crusades] at
this first voyage; and that other pilgrims, passing through that
country, were mocked by the Dutch, and called fools for their pains.
Fuller.

DUTCH
Dutch, n.

1. pl.

Defn: The people of Holland; Dutchmen.

2. The language spoken in Holland.

DUTCHMAN
Dutch"man, n.; pl. Dutchmen (.

Defn: A native, or one of the people, of Holland. Dutchman's breeches
(Bot.), a perennial American herb (Dicentra cucullaria), with
peculiar double-spurred flowers. See Illust. of Dicentra.
 -- Dutchman's laudanum (Bot.), a West Indian passion flower
(Passiflora Murucuja); also, its fruit.
 -- Dutchman's pipe (Bot.), an American twining shrub (Aristolochia
Sipho). Its flowers have their calyx tubes curved like a tobacco
pipe.

DUTEOUS
Du"te*ous, a. Etym: [From Duty.]

1. Fulfilling duty; dutiful; having the sentiments due to a superior,
or to one to whom respect or service is owed; obedient; as, a duteous
son or daughter.

2. Subservient; obsequious.
Duteous to the vices of thy mistress. Shak.
-- Du"te*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Du"te*ous*ness, n.

DUTIABLE
Du"ti*a*ble, a. Etym: [From Duty.]

Defn: Subject to the payment of a duty; as dutiable goods. [U.S.]
All kinds of dutiable merchandise. Hawthorne.

DUTIED
Du"tied, a.

Defn: Subjected to a duty. Ames.

DUTIFUL
Du"ti*ful, a.

1. Performing, or ready to perform, the duties required by one who
has the right to claim submission, obedience, or deference;
submissive to natural or legal superiors; obedient, as to parents or
superiors; as, a dutiful son or daughter; a dutiful ward or servant;
a dutiful subject.

2. Controlled by, proceeding from, a sense of duty; respectful;
deferential; as, dutiful affection.

Syn.
 -- Duteous; obedient; reverent; reverential; submissive; docile;
respectful; compliant.
 -- Du"ti*ful*ly, adv.
 -- Du"ti*ful*ness, n.

DUTY
Du"ty, n.; pl. Duties. Etym: [From Due.]

1. That which is due; payment. [Obs. as signifying a material thing.]
When thou receivest money for thy labor or ware, thou receivest thy
duty. Tyndale.

2. That which a person is bound by moral obligation to do, or refrain
from doing; that which one ought to do; service morally obligatory.
Forgetting his duty toward God, his sovereign lord, and his country.
Hallam.

3. Hence, any assigned service or business; as, the duties of a
policeman, or a soldier; to be on duty.
With records sweet of duties done. Keble.
To employ him on the hardest and most imperative duty. Hallam.
Duty is a graver term than obligation. A duty hardly exists to do
trivial things; but there may be an obligation to do them. C. J.
Smith.

4. Specifically, obedience or submission due to parents and
superiors. Shak.

5. Respect; reverence; regard; act of respect; homage. "My duty to
you." Shak.

6. (Engin.)

Defn: The efficiency of an engine, especially a steam pumping engine,
as measured by work done by a certain quantity of fuel; usually, the
number of pounds of water lifted one foot by one bushel of coal (94
lbs. old standard), or by 1 cwt. (112 lbs., England, or 100 lbs.,
United States).

7. (Com.)

Defn: Tax, toll, impost, or customs; excise; any sum of money
required by government to be paid on the importation, exportation, or
consumption of goods.

Note: An impost on land or other real estate, and on the stock of
farmers, is not called a duty, but a direct tax. [U.S.] Ad valorem
duty, a duty which is graded according to the cost, or market value,
of the article taxed. See Ad valorem.
 -- Specific duty, a duty of a specific sum assessed on an article
without reference to its value or market.
 -- On duty, actually engaged in the performance of one's assigned
task.

DUUMVIR
Du*um"vir, n.; pl. E. Duumvirs, L. Duumviri. Etym: [L., fr. duo two +
vir man.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: One of two Roman officers or magistrates united in the same
public functions.

DUUMVIRAL
Du*um"vi*ral, a. Etym: [L. duumviralis.]

Defn: Of or belonging to the duumviri or the duumvirate.

DUUMVIRATE
Du*um"vi*rate, n. Etym: [L. duumviratus, fr. duumvir.]

Defn: The union of two men in the same office; or the office,
dignity, or government of two men thus associated, as in ancient
Rome.

DUX
Dux, n. Etym: [L., leader.] (Mus.)

Defn: The scholastic name for the theme or subject of a fugue, the
answer being called the comes, or companion.

DUYKERBOK
Duy"ker*bok, n. Etym: [D. duiker diver + bok a buck, lit., diver
buck. So named from its habit of diving suddenly into the bush.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South African antelope (Cephalous mergens); -- called
also impoon, and deloo.

DUYOUNG
Du*young", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Dugong.

D VALVE
D" valve`. (Mech.)

Defn: A kind of slide valve. See Slide valve, under Slide.

DVERGR
Dver"gr, n.; pl. Dvergar. Etym: [See Dwarf.] (Scand. Myth.)

Defn: A dwarf supposed to dwell in rocks and hills and to be skillful
in working metals.

DWALE
Dwale, n. Etym: [OE. dwale, dwole, deception, deadly nightshade, AS.
dwala, dwola, error, doubt; akin to E. dull. See Dull, a.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The deadly nightshade (Atropa Belladonna), having stupefying
qualities.

2. (Her.)

Defn: The tincture sable or black when blazoned according to the
fantastic system in which plants are substituted for the tinctures.

3. A sleeping potion; an opiate. Chaucer.

DWANG
Dwang, n. Etym: [Cf. D. dwingen to force, compel.]

1. (Carp.)

Defn: A piece of wood set between two studs, posts, etc., to stiffen
and support them.

2. (Mech.)
(a) A kind of crowbar.
(b) A large wrench. Knight.

DWARF
Dwarf, n.; pl Dwarfs. Etym: [OE. dwergh, dwerf, dwarf, AS. dweorg,
dweorh; akin to D. dwerg, MHG. twerc, G. zwerg, Icel. dvergr, Sw. &
Dan. dverg; of unknown origin.]

Defn: An animal or plant which is much below the ordinary size of its
species or kind; especially, a diminutive human being.

Note: During the Middle Ages dwarfs as well as fools shared the favor
of courts and the nobility.

Note: Dwarf is used adjectively in reference to anything much below
the usual or normal size; as, dwarf tree; dwarf honeysuckle. Dwarf
elder (Bot.), danewort.
 -- Dwarf wall (Arch.), a low wall, not as high as the story of a
building, often used as a garden wall or fence. Gwilt.

DWARF
Dwarf, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dwarfed; p. pr. & vb. n. Dwarfing.]

Defn: To hinder from growing to the natural size; to make or keep
small; to stunt. Addison.
Even the most common moral ideas and affections . . . would be
stunted and dwarfed, if cut off from a spiritual background. J. C.
Shairp.

DWARF
Dwarf, v. i.

Defn: To become small; to diminish in size.
Strange power of the world that, the moment we enter it, our great
conceptions dwarf. Beaconsfield.

DWARFISH
Dwarf"ish, a.

Defn: Like a dwarf; below the common stature or size; very small;
petty; as, a dwarfish animal, shrub.
 -- Dwarf"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Dwarf"ish*ness, n.

DWARFLING
Dwarf"ling, n.

Defn: A diminutive dwarf.

DWARFY
Dwarf"y, a.

Defn: Much undersized. [R.] Waterhouse.

DWAUL; DWAULE
Dwaul, Dwaule, v. i. Etym: [See Dull, Dwell.]

Defn: To be delirious. [Obs.] Junius.

DWELL
Dwell, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dwelled, usually contracted into Dwelt (p.
pr. & vb. n. Dwelling.] Etym: [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger,
AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel.
dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dvæle to linger,
and to E. dull. See Dull, and cf. Dwale.]

1. To delay; to linger. [Obs.]

2. To abide; to remain; to continue.
I 'll rather dwell in my necessity. Shak.
Thy soul was like a star and dwelt apart. Wordsworth.

3. To abide as a permanent resident, or for a time; to live in a
place; to reside.
The parish in which I was born, dwell, and have possessions. Peacham.
The poor man dwells in a humble cottage near the hall where the lord
of the domain resides. C. J. Smith.
To dwell in, to abide in (a place); hence, to depend on. "My hopes in
heaven to dwell." Shak.
 -- To dwell on or upon, to continue long on or in; to remain
absorbed with; to stick to; to make much of; as, to dwell upon a
subject; a singer dwells on a note.
They stand at a distance, dwelling on his looks and language, fixed
in amazement. Buckminster.

Syn.
 -- To inhabit; live; abide; sojourn; reside; continue; stay; rest.

DWELL
Dwell, v. t.

Defn: To inhabit. [R.] Milton.

DWELLER
Dwell"er, n.

Defn: An inhabitant; a resident; as, a cave dweller. "Dwellers at
Jerusalem." Acts i. 19.

DWELLING
Dwell"ing, n.

Defn: Habitation; place or house in which a person lives; abode;
domicile.
Hazor shall be a dwelling for dragons. Jer. xlix. 33.
God will deign To visit oft the dwellings of just men. Milton.
Philip's dwelling fronted on the street. Tennyson.
Dwelling house, a house intended to be occupied as a residence, in
distinction from a store, office, or other building.
 -- Dwelling place, place of residence.

DWELT
Dwelt, imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Dwell.

DWINDLE
Dwin"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dwindled; p. pr. & vb. n. Dwindling.]
Etym: [From OE. dwinen to languish, waste away, AS. dwinan; akin to
LG. dwinen, D. dwijnen to vanish, Icel. dvina to cease, dwindle, Sw.
tvina; of uncertain origin. The suffix -le, preceded by d excrescent
after n, is added to the root with a diminutive force.]

Defn: To diminish; to become less; to shrink; to waste or consume
away; to become degenerate; to fall away.
Weary sennights nine times nine Shall he dwindle, peak and pine.
Shak.
Religious societies, though begun with excellent intentions, are said
to have dwindled into factious clubs. Swift.

DWINDLE
Dwin"dle, v. t.

1. To make less; to bring low.
Our drooping days are dwindled down to naught. Thomson.

2. To break; to disperse. [R.] Clarendon.

DWINDLE
Dwin"dle, n.

Defn: The process of dwindling; dwindlement; decline; degeneracy.
[R.] Johnson.

DWINDLEMENT
Dwin"dle*ment, n.

Defn: The act or process of dwindling; a dwindling. [R.] Mrs.
Oliphant.

DWINE
Dwine, v. i. Etym: [See Dwindle.]

Defn: To waste away; to pine; to languish. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Gower.

DYAD
Dy"ad, n. Etym: [L. dyas, dyadis, the number two. Gr. dyade. See two,
and cf. Duad.]

1. Two units treated as one; a couple; a pair.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: An element, atom, or radical having a valence or combining
power of two.

DYAD
Dy"ad, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Having a valence or combining power of two; capable of being
substituted for, combined with, or replaced by, two atoms of
hydrogen; as, oxygen and calcium are dyad elements. See Valence.

DYADIC
Dy*ad"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the number two; of two parts or elements. Dyadic
arithmetic, the same as binary arithmetic.

DYAKS
Dy"aks, n. pl.

Defn: ; sing. Dyak. (Ethnol.) The aboriginal and most numerous
inhabitants of Borneo. They are partially civilized, but retain many
barbarous practices.

DYAS
Dy"as, n. Etym: [L. dyas the number two.] (Geol.)

Defn: A name applied in Germany to the Permian formation, there
consisting of two principal groups.

DYE
Dye, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Dyeing.] Etym: [OE.
deyan, dyen, AS. deágian.]

Defn: To stain; to color; to give a new and permanent color to, as by
the application of dyestuffs.
Cloth to be dyed of divers colors. Trench.
The soul is dyed by its thoughts. Lubbock.
To dye in the grain, To dye in the wool (Fig.), to dye firmly; to
imbue thoroughly.
He might truly be termed a legitimate son of the revenue system dyed
in the wool. Hawthorne.

Syn.
 -- See Stain.

DYE
Dye, n.

1. Color produced by dyeing.

2. Material used for dyeing; a dyestuff.

DYE
Dye, n.

Defn: Same as Die, a lot. Spenser.

DYEHOUSE
Dye"house`, n.

Defn: A building in which dyeing is carried on.

DYEING
Dye"ing, n.

Defn: The process or art of fixing coloring matters permanently and
uniformly in the fibers of wool, cotton, etc.

DYER
Dy"er, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to dye cloth and the like. Dyer's
broom, Dyer's rocket, Dyer's weed. See Dyer's broom, under Broom.

DYESTUFF
Dye"stuff`, n.

Defn: A material used for dyeing.

DYEWOOD
Dye"wood`, n.

Defn: Any wood from which coloring matter is extracted for dyeing.

DYING
Dy"ing, a.

1. In the act of dying; destined to death; mortal; perishable; as,
dying bodies.

2. Of or pertaining to dying or death; as, dying bed; dying day;
dying words; also, simulating a dying state.

DYING
Dy"ing, n.

Defn: The act of expiring; passage from life to death; loss of life.

DYINGLY
Dy"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dying manner; as if at the point of death. Beau. & Fl.

DYINGNESS
Dy"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The state of dying or the stimulation of such a state; extreme
languor; languishment. [R.]
Tenderness becomes me best, a sort of dyingness; you see that
picture, Foible, -- a swimmingness in the eyes; yes, I'll look so.
Congreve.

DYKE
Dyke, n.

Defn: See Dike. The spelling dyke is restricted by some to the
geological meaning.

DYNACTINOMETER
Dy*nac`ti*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. actinometer.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the intensity of the photogenic
(light-producing) rays, and computing the power of object glasses.

DYNAM
Dy"nam, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dyname. See Dynamic.]

Defn: A unit of measure for dynamical effect or work; a foot pound.
See Foot pound. Whewell.

DYNAMETER
Dy*nam"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. dynamètre. Cf.
Dynamometer.]

1. A dynamometer.

2. (Opt.)

Defn: An instrument for determining the magnifying power of
telescopes, consisting usually of a doubleimage micrometer applied to
the eye end of a telescope for measuring accurately the diameter of
the image of the object glass there formed; which measurement,
compared with the actual diameter of the glass, gives the magnifying
power.

DYNAMETRICAL
Dy`na*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a dynameter.

DYNAMIC; DYNAMICAL
Dy*nam"ic, Dy*nam"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. durus hard, E. dure: cf. F.
dynamique.]

1. Of or pertaining to dynamics; belonging to energy or power;
characterized by energy or production of force.
Science, as well as history, has its past to show, -- a past indeed,
much larger; but its immensity is dynamic, not divine. J. Martineau.
The vowel is produced by phonetic, not by dynamic, causes. J. Peile.

2. Relating to physical forces, effects, or laws; as, dynamical
geology.
As natural science has become more dynamic, so has history. Prof.
Shedd.
Dynamical electricity. See under Electricity.

DYNAMICALLY
Dy*nam"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In accordance with the principles of dynamics or moving forces.
J. Peile.

DYNAMICS
Dy*nam"ics, n.

1. That branch of mechanics which treats of the motion of bodies
(kinematics) and the action of forces in producing or changing their
motion (kinetics). Dynamics is held by some recent writers to include
statics and not kinematics.

2. The moving moral, as well as physical, forces of any kind, or the
laws which relate to them.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: That department of musical science which relates to, or treats
of, the power of tones.

DYNAMISM
Dy"na*mism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dynamisme. See Dynamics.]

Defn: The doctrine of Leibnitz, that all substance involves force.

DYNAMIST
Dy"na*mist, n.

Defn: One who accounts for material phenomena by a theory of
dynamics.
Those who would resolve matter into centers of force may be said to
constitute the school of dynamists. Ward (Dyn. Sociol. ).

DYNAMITARD
Dy"na*mi`tard, n.

Defn: A political dynamiter.

Note: [A form found in some newspapers.]

DYNAMITE
Dy"na*mite, n. Etym: [Gr. Dynamic.] (Chem.)

Defn: An explosive substance consisting of nitroglycerin absorbed by
some inert, porous solid, as infusorial earth, sawdust, etc. It is
safer than nitroglycerin, being less liable to explosion from
moderate shocks, or from spontaneous decomposition.

DYNAMITER
Dy"na*mi`ter, n.

Defn: One who uses dynamite; esp., one who uses it for the
destruction of life and property.

DYNAMITING
Dy"na*mi`ting, n.

Defn: Destroying by dynamite, for political ends.
Dynamiting is not the American way. The Century.

DYNAMITISM
Dy"na*mi`tism, n.

Defn: The work of dynamiters.

DYNAMIZATION
Dy"na*mi*za`tion, Etym: [Gr. Dynamic.] (Homeop.)

Defn: The act of setting free the dynamic powers of a medicine, as by
shaking the bottle containing it.

DYNAMO
Dy"na*mo, n.

Defn: A dynamo-electric machine.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC
Dy`na*mo-e*lec"tric, a. Etym: [Gr. electric. See Dynamic.]

Defn: Pertaining to the development of electricity, especially
electrical currents, by power; producing electricity or electrical
currents by mechanical power.

DYNAMOGRAPH
Dy*nam"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph. See Dynamic.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A dynamometer to which is attached a device for automatically
registering muscular power.

DYNAMOMETER
Dy`na*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dynamomètre. See Dynameter.]

Defn: An apparatus for measuring force or power; especially, muscular
effort of men or animals, or the power developed by a motor, or that
required to operate machinery.

Note: It usually embodies a spring to be compressed or weight to be
sustained by the force applied, combined with an index, or automatic
recorder, to show the work performed.

DYNAMOMETRIC; DYNAMOMETRICAL
Dy`na*mo*met"ric, Dy`na*mo*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Relating to a dynamometer, or to the measurement of force doing
work; as, dynamometrical instruments.

DYNAMOMETRY
Dy`na*mom"e*try, n.

Defn: The art or process of measuring forces doing work.

DYNAST
Dy"nast, n. Etym: [L. dynastes, Gr. dynaste. See Dynamic.]

1. A ruler; a governor; a prince.

2. A dynasty; a government. [Obs.]

DYNASTA
Dy*nas"ta, n. Etym: [NL. See Dynast.]

Defn: A tyrant. [Obs.] Milton.

DYNASTIC
Dy*nas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. dunastique.]

Defn: Of or relating to a dynasty or line of kings. Motley.

DYNASTICAL
Dy*nas"tic*al, a.

Defn: Dynastic.

DYNASTIDAN
Dy*nas"ti*dan, n. Etym: [Gr. Dynast. The name alludes to the immense
size of some species.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of gigantic, horned beetles, including Dynastus
Neptunus, and the Hercules beetle (D. Hercules) of tropical America,
which grow to be six inches in length.

DYNASTY
Dy"nas*ty, n.; pl. Dynasties. Etym: [Gr. dynastie dynasty. See
Dynast.]

1. Sovereignty; lordship; dominion. Johnson.

2. A race or succession of kings, of the same line or family; the
continued lordship of a race of rulers.

DYNE
Dyne, n. Etym: [Formed fr. Gr. Dynamic.] (Physics)

Defn: The unit of force, in the C. G. S. (Centimeter Gram Second)
system of physical units; that is, the force which, acting on a gram
for a second, generates a velocity of a centimeter per second.

DYS-
Dys-.

Defn: An inseparable prefix, fr. the Greek ill, bad, hard, difficult,
and the like; cf. the prefixes, Skr. dus-, Goth. tuz-, OHG. zur-, G.
zer-, AS. to-, Icel. tor-, Ir. do-.

DYSAESTHESIA
Dys`æs*the"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Impairment of any of the senses, esp. of touch.

DYSCRASIA
Dys*cra"si*a, n. Etym: [NL. dyscrasia, fr. Gr. dycrasie.] (Med.)

Defn: An ill habit or state of the constitution; -- formerly regarded
as dependent on a morbid condition of the blood and humors.

DYSCRASITE
Dys"cra*site, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral consisting of antimony and silver.

DYSCRASY
Dys"cra*sy, n.; pl. Discrasies (.

Defn: Dycrasia.
Sin is a cause of dycrasies and distempers. Jer. Taylor.

DYSENTERIC; DYSENTERICAL
Dys`en*ter"ic, Dys`en*ter"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. dysentericus, Gr.
dysentérigue.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to dysentery; having dysentery; as, a
dysenteric patient. "Dysenteric symptoms." Copland.

DYSENTERY
Dys"en*ter*y, n. Etym: [L. dysenteria, Gr. in: cf. F. dysenterie. See
Dys, and In.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease attended with inflammation and ulceration of the
colon and rectum, and characterized by griping pains, constant desire
to evacuate the bowels, and the discharge of mucus and blood.

Note: When acute, dysentery is usually accompanied with high fevers.
It occurs epidemically, and is believed to be communicable through
the medium of the alvine discharges.

DYSGENESIC
Dys`ge*nes"ic, a.

Defn: Not procreating or breeding freely; as, one race may be
dysgenesic with respect to another. Darwin.

DYSGENESIS
Dys*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Pref. dys- + genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: A condition of not generating or breeding freely; infertility;
a form homogenesis in which the hybrids are sterile among themselves,
but are fertile with members of either parent race.

DYSLOGISTIC
Dys`lo*gis"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Unfavorable; not commendatory; -- opposed to eulogistic.
There is no course of conduct for which dyslogistic or eulogistic
epithets may be found. J. F. Stephen.
The paternity of dyslogistic -- no bantling, but now almost a
centenarian -- is adjudged to that genius of common sense, Jeremy
Bentham. Fitzed. Hall.

DYSLUITE
Dys"lu*ite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of the zinc spinel or gahnite.

DYSLYSIN
Dys"ly*sin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A resinous substance formed in the decomposition of cholic acid
of bile; -- so called because it is difficult to solve.

DYSMENORRHEA
Dys*men`or*rhe"a, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Difficult and painful menstruation.

DYSNOMY
Dys"no*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Bad legislation; the enactment of bad laws. Cockeram.

DYSODILE
Dys"o*dile, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: An impure earthy or coaly bitumen, which emits a highly fetid
odor when burning.

DYSPEPSIA; DYSPEPSY
Dys*pep"si*a, Dys*pep"sy,Etym: [L. dyspepsia, Gr. cook: cf. F.
dyspepsie. See Dys-, and 3d Cook.] (Med.)

Defn: A kind of indigestion; a state of the stomach in which its
functions are disturbed, without the presence of other diseases, or,
if others are present, they are of minor importance. Its symptoms are
loss of appetite, nausea, heartburn, acrid or fetid eructations, a
sense of weight or fullness in the stomach, etc. Dunglison.

DYSPEPTIC; DYSPEPTICAL
Dys*pep"tic, Dys*pep"tic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to dyspepsia; having dyspepsia; as, a dyspeptic or
dyspeptical symptom.

DYSPEPTIC
Dys*pep"tic, n.

Defn: A person afflicted with dyspepsia.

DYSPEPTONE
Dys*pep"tone, n. Etym: [Pref. dys- + peptone.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An insoluble albuminous body formed from casein and other
proteid substances by the action of gastric juice. Meissner.

DYSPHAGIA; DYSPHAGY
Dys*pha"gi*a, Dys"pha*gy, n. Etym: [NL. dysphagia, fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Difficulty in swallowing.

DYSPHONIA; DYSPHONY
Dys*pho"ni*a, Dys"pho*ny, n. Etym: [NL. dysphonia, Gr. dysphonie.]
(Med.)

Defn: A difficulty in producing vocal sounds; enfeebled or depraved
voice.

DYSPHORIA
Dys*pho"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. dysphorie.] (Med.)

Defn: Impatience under affliction; morbid restlessness;
dissatisfaction; the fidgets.

DYSPNEA; DYSPNOEA
Dysp*nea, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. dyspnée.] (Med.)

Defn: Difficulty of breathing.

DYSPNOIC
Dysp*no"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Affected with shortness of breath; relating to dyspn

DYSPROSIUM
Dys*pro"si*um, n. [NL., fr. Gr. dyspro`sitos hard to get at.] (Chem.)

Defn: An element of the rare earth-group. Symbol Dy; at. wt., 162.5.

DYSTELEOLOGY
Dys*te`le*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Pref. dys- + teleology.] (Biol.)

Defn: The doctrine of purposelessness; a term applied by Haeckel to
that branch of physiology which treats of rudimentary organs, in view
of their being useless to the life of the organism.
To the doctrine of dysteleology, or the denial of final causes, a
proof of the real existence of such a thing as instinct must
necessarily be fatal. Word (Dynamic Sociology).

DYSTOCIA
Dys*to"ci*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Difficult delivery pr parturition.

DYSTOME
Dys"tome, a. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Cleaving with difficulty.

Note: Datolite was called dystome spar by Mohs.

DYSURIA; DYSURY
Dys*u"ri*a, Dys"u*ry, n. Etym: [L. dysuria, Gr. dysurie.] (Med.)

Defn: Difficult or painful discharge of urine.

DYSURIC
Dys*u"ric, a. Etym: [Gr. dysurique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or afflicted with, dysury.

DZEREN; DZERON
Dze"ren, Dze"ron, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Chinese yellow antelope (Procapra gutturosa), a remarkably
swift-footed animal, inhabiting the deserts of Central Asia, Thibet,
and China.

DZIGGETAI
Dzig"ge*tai, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The kiang, a wild horse or wild ass of Thibet (Asinus
hemionus).

Note: The name is sometimes applied also to the koulan or onager. See
Koulan.

E

1. The fifth letter of the English alphabet.

Note: It derives its form, name, and value from the Latin, the form
and value being further derived from the Greek, into which it came
from the Phoenician, and ultimately, probably, from the Egyptian. Its
etymological relations are closest with the vowels i, a, and o, as
illustrated by to fall, to fell; man, pl. men; drink, drank, drench;
dint, dent; doom, deem; goose, pl. geese; beef, OF. boef, L. bos; and
E. cheer, OF. chiere, LL. cara.

Note: The letter e has in English several vowel sounds, the two
principal being its long or name sound, as in eve, me, and the short,
as in end, best. Usually at the end of words it is silent, but serves
to indicate that the preceding vowel has its long sound, where
otherwise it would be short, as in mane, as in cane, m, which without
the final e would be pronounced m, c, m. After c and g, the final e
indicates that these letters are to be pronounced as s and j;
respectively, as in lace, rage. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 74-97.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: E is the third tone of the model diatonic scale. E (E flat) is
a tone which is intermediate between D and E.

E-
E-.

Defn: A Latin prefix meaning out, out of, from; also, without. See
Ex-.

EACH
Each, a. or a. pron. Etym: [OE. eche, ælc, elk, ilk, AS. ælc; a
always + gelic like; akin to OD. ieg, OHG. , MHG. iegelich. Aye,
Like, and cf. Either, Every, Ilk.]

1. Every one of the two or more individuals composing a number of
objects, considered separately from the rest. It is used either with
or without a following noun; as, each of you or each one of you.
"Each of the combatants." Fielding.

Note: To each corresponds other. "Let each esteem other better than
himself." Each other, used elliptically for each the other. It is our
duty to assist each other; that is, it is our duty, each to assist
the other, each being in the nominative and other in the objective
case.
It is a bad thing that men should hate each other; but it is far
worse that they should contract the habit of cutting one another's
throats without hatred. Macaulay.
Let each His adamantine coat gird well. Milton.
In each cheek appears a pretty dimple. Shak.
Then draw we nearer day by day, Each to his brethren, all to God.
Keble.
The oak and the elm have each a distinct character. Gilpin.

2. Every; -- sometimes used interchangeably with every. Shak.
I know each lane and every alley green. Milton.
In short each man's happiness depends upon himself. Sterne.

Note: This use of each for every, though common in Scotland and in
America, is now un-English. Fitzed. Hall.

Syn.
 -- See Every.

EACHWHERE
Each"where`, adv.

Defn: Everywhere. [Obs.]
The sky eachwhere did show full bright and fair. Spenser.

EADISH
Ead"ish, n.

Defn: See Eddish.

EAGER
Ea"ger, a. Etym: [OE. egre sharp, sour, eager, OF. agre, aigre, F.
aigre, fr. L. acer sharp, sour, spirited, zealous; akin to Gr. a
point; fr. a root signifying to be sharp. Cf. Acrid, Edge.]

1. Sharp; sour; acid. [Obs.] "Like eager droppings into milk." Shak.

2. Sharp; keen; bitter; severe. [Obs.] "A nipping and an eager air."
"Eager words." Shak.

3. Excited by desire in the pursuit of any object; ardent to pursue,
perform, or obtain; keenly desirous; hotly longing; earnest; zealous;
impetuous; vehement; as, the hounds were eager in the chase.
And gazed for tidings in my eager eyes. Shak.
How eagerly ye follow my disgraces! Shak.
When to her eager lips is brought Her infant's thrilling kiss. Keble.
A crowd of eager and curious schoolboys. Hawthorne.
Conceit and grief an eager combat fight. Shak.

4. Brittle; inflexible; not ductile. [Obs.]
Gold will be sometimes so eager, as artists call it, that it will as
little endure the hammer as glass itself. Locke.

Syn.
 -- Earnest; ardent; vehement; hot; impetuous; fervent; intense;
impassioned; zealous; forward. See Earnest.
 -- Eager, Earnest. Eager marks an excited state of desire or
passion; thus, a child is eager for a plaything, a hungry man is
eager for food, a covetous man is eager for gain. Eagerness is liable
to frequent abuses, and is good or bad, as the case may be. It
relates to what is praiseworthy or the contrary. Earnest denotes a
permanent state of mind, feeling, or sentiment. It is always taken in
a good sense; as, a preacher is earnest in his appeals to the
conscience; an agent is earnest in his solicitations.

EAGER
Ea"ger, n.

Defn: Same as Eagre.

EAGERLY
Ea"ger*ly, adv.

Defn: In an eager manner.

EAGERNESS
Ea"ger*ness, n.

1. The state or quality of being eager; ardent desire. "The eagerness
of love." Addison.

2. Tartness; sourness. [Obs.]

Syn.
 -- Ardor; vehemence; earnestness; impetuosity; heartiness; fervor;
fervency; avidity; zeal; craving; heat; passion; greediness.

EAGLE
Ea"gle, n. Etym: [OE. egle, F. aigle, fr. L. aquila; prob. named from
its color, fr. aquilus dark-colored, brown; cf. Lith. aklas blind.
Cf. Aquiline.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any large, rapacious bird of the Falcon family, esp. of the
genera Aquila and Haliæetus. The eagle is remarkable for strength,
size, graceful figure, keenness of vision, and extraordinary flight.
The most noted species are the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaëtus); the
imperial eagle of Europe (A. mogilnik or imperialis); the American
bald eagle (Haliæetus leucocephalus); the European sea eagle (H.
albicilla); and the great harpy eagle (Thrasaetus harpyia). The
figure of the eagle, as the king of birds, is commonly used as an
heraldic emblem, and also for standards and emblematic devices. See
Bald eagle, Harpy, and Golden eagle.

2. A gold coin of the United States, of the value of ten dollars.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: A northern constellation, containing Altair, a star of the
first magnitude. See Aquila.

4. The figure of an eagle borne as an emblem on the standard of the
ancient Romans, or so used upon the seal or standard of any people.
Though the Roman eagle shadow thee. Tennyson.

Note: Some modern nations, as the United States, and France under the
Bonapartes, have adopted the eagle as their national emblem. Russia,
Austria, and Prussia have for an emblem a double-headed eagle. Bald
eagle. See Bald eagle.
 -- Bold eagle. See under Bold.
 -- Double eagle, a gold coin of the United States worth twenty
dollars.
 -- Eagle hawk (Zoöl.), a large, crested, South American hawk of the
genus Morphnus.
 -- Eagle owl (Zoöl.), any large owl of the genus Bubo, and allied
genera; as the American great horned owl (Bubo Virginianus), and the
allied European species (B. maximus). See Horned owl.
 -- Eagle ray (Zoöl.), any large species of ray of the genus
Myliobatis (esp. M. aquila).
 -- Eagle vulture (Zoöl.), a large West African bid (Gypohierax
Angolensis), intermediate, in several respects, between the eagles
and vultures.

EAGLE-EYED
Ea"gle-eyed`, a.

Defn: Sharp-sighted as an eagle. "Inwardly eagle-eyed." Howell.

EAGLE-SIGHTED
Ea"gle-sight`ed, a.

Defn: Farsighted and strong-sighted; sharp-sighted. Shak.

EAGLESS
Ea"gless, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. aiglesse.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A female or hen eagle. [R.] Sherwood.

EAGLESTONE
Ea"gle*stone, n. (Min.)

Defn: A concretionary nodule of clay ironstone, of the size of a
walnut or larger, so called by the ancients, who believed that the
eagle transported these stones to her nest to facilitate the laying
of her eggs; aëtites.

EAGLET
Ea"glet, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. aiglet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young eagle, or a diminutive eagle.

EAGLE-WINGED
Ea"gle-winged`, a.

Defn: Having the wings of an eagle; swift, or soaring high, like an
eagle. Shak.

EAGLEWOOD
Ea"gle*wood`, n. Etym: [From Skr. aguru, through Pg. aguila; cf. F.
bois d'aigle.]

Defn: A kind of fragrant wood. See Agallochum.

EAGRASS
Ea"grass, n.

Defn: See Eddish. [Obs.]

EAGRE
Ea"gre, n. Etym: [AS. eágor, , in comp., water, sea, eágor-streám
water stream, sea.]

Defn: A wave, or two or three successive waves, of great height and
violence, at flood tide moving up an estuary or river; -- commonly
called the bore. See Bore.

EALDERMAN; EALDORMAN
Eal"der*man, Eal"dor*man, n.

Defn: An alderman. [Obs.]

EALE
Eale, n. Etym: [See Ale.]

Defn: Ale. [Obs.] Shak.

EAME
Eame, n. Etym: [AS. eám; akin to D. oom, G. ohm, oheim; cf. L.
avunculus.]

Defn: Uncle. [Obs.] Spenser.

EAN
Ean, v. t. & i. Etym: [AS. eánian. See Yean.]

Defn: To bring forth, as young; to yean. "In eaning time." Shak.

EANLING
Ean"ling, n. Etym: [See Ean, Yeanling.]

Defn: A lamb just brought forth; a yeanling. Shak.

EAR
Ear, n. Etym: [AS. eáre; akin to OFries. áre, ár, OS. , D. oor, OHG.
, G. ohr, Icel. eyra, Sw. öra, Dan. öre, Goth. auso, L. auris, Lith.
ausis, Russ. ukho, Gr. audire to hear, Gr. av to favor , protect. Cf.
Auricle, Orillon.]

1. The organ of hearing; the external ear.

Note: In man and the higher vertebrates, the organ of hearing is very
complicated, and is divisible into three parts: the external ear,
which includes the pinna or auricle and meatus or external opening;
the middle ear, drum, or tympanum; and the internal ear, or
labyrinth. The middle ear is a cavity connected by the Eustachian
tube with the pharynx, separated from the opening of the external ear
by the tympanic membrane, and containing a chain of three small
bones, or ossicles, named malleus, incus, and stapes, which connect
this membrane with the internal ear. The essential part of the
internal ear where the fibers of the auditory nerve terminate, is the
membranous labyrinth, a complicated system of sacs and tubes filled
with a fluid (the endolymph), and lodged in a cavity, called the bony
labyrinth, in the periotic bone. The membranous labyrinth does not
completely fill the bony labyrinth, but is partially suspended in it
in a fluid (the perilymph). The bony labyrinth consists of a central
cavity, the vestibule, into which three semicircular canals and the
canal of the cochlea (spirally coiled in mammals) open. The
vestibular portion of the membranous labyrinth consists of two sacs,
the utriculus and sacculus, connected by a narrow tube, into the
former of which three membranous semicircular canals open, while the
latter is connected with a membranous tube in the cochlea containing
the organ of Corti. By the help of the external ear the sonorous
vibrations of the air are concentrated upon the tympanic membrane and
set it vibrating, the chain of bones in the middle ear transmits
these vibrations to the internal ear, where they cause certain
delicate structures in the organ of Corti, and other parts of the
membranous labyrinth, to stimulate the fibers of the auditory nerve
to transmit sonorous impulses to the brain.

2. The sense of hearing; the perception of sounds; the power of
discriminating between different tones; as, a nice ear for music; --
in the singular only.
Songs . . . not all ungrateful to thine ear. Tennyson.

3. That which resembles in shape or position the ear of an animal;
any prominence or projection on an object, -- usually one for support
or attachment; a lug; a handle; as, the ears of a tub, a skillet, or
dish. The ears of a boat are outside kneepieces near the bow. See
Illust. of Bell.

4. (Arch.)
(a) Same as Acroterium (a).
(b) Same as Crossette.

5. Privilege of being kindly heard; favor; attention.
Dionysius . . . would give no ear to his suit. Bacon.
Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. Shak.
About the ears, in close proximity to; near at hand.
 -- By the ears, in close contest; as, to set by the ears; to fall
together by the ears; to be by the ears.
 -- Button ear (in dogs), an ear which falls forward and completely
hides the inside.
 -- Ear finger, the little finger.
 -- Ear of Dionysius, a kind of ear trumpet with a flexible tube; --
named from the Sicilian tyrant, who constructed a device to overhear
the prisoners in his dungeons.
 -- Ear sand (Anat.), otoliths. See Otolith.
 -- Ear snail (Zoöl.), any snail of the genus Auricula and allied
genera.
 -- Ear stones (Anat.), otoliths. See Otolith.
 -- Ear trumpet, an instrument to aid in hearing. It consists of a
tube broad at the outer end, and narrowing to a slender extremity
which enters the ear, thus collecting and intensifying sounds so as
to assist the hearing of a partially deaf person.
 -- Ear vesicle (Zoöl.), a simple auditory organ, occurring in many
worms, mollusks, etc. It consists of a small sac containing a fluid
and one or more solid concretions or otocysts.
 -- Rose ear (in dogs), an ear which folds backward and shows part of
the inside.
 -- To give ear to, to listen to; to heed, as advice or one advising.
"Give ear unto my song." Goldsmith.
 -- To have one's ear, to be listened to with favor.
 -- Up to the ears, deeply submerged; almost overwhelmed; as, to be
in trouble up to one's ears. [Colloq.]

EAR
Ear, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eared; p. pr. & vb. n. Earing.]

Defn: To take in with the ears; to hear. [Sportive] "I eared her
language." Two Noble Kinsmen.

EAR
Ear, n. Etym: [AS. ear; akin to D. aar, OHG. ahir, G. ähre, Icel.,
Sw., & Dan. ax, Goth. ahs. . Cf. Awn, Edge.]

Defn: The spike or head of any cereal (as, wheat, rye, barley, Indian
corn, etc.), containing the kernels.
First the blade, then the ear, after that the full corn in the ear.
Mark iv. 28.

EAR
Ear, v. i.

Defn: To put forth ears in growing; to form ears, as grain; as, this
corn ears well.

EAR
Ear, v. t. Etym: [OE. erien, AS. erian; akin to OFries. era, OHG.
erran, MHG. eren, ern, Prov. G. aren, ären, Icel. erja, Goth. arjan,
Lith. arti, OSlav. orati, L. arare, Gr. Arable.]

Defn: To plow or till; to cultivate. "To ear the land." Shak.

EARABLE
Ear"a*ble, a.

Defn: Arable; tillable. [Archaic]

EARACHE
Ear"ache`, n.

Defn: Ache or pain in the ear.

EARAL
Ear"al, a.

Defn: Receiving by the ear. [Obs.] Hewyt.

EAR-BORED
Ear"-bored`, a.

Defn: Having the ear perforated.

EARCAP
Ear"cap`, n.

Defn: A cap or cover to protect the ear from cold.

EARCOCKLE
Ear"coc`kle, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A disease in wheat, in which the blackened and contracted
grain, or ear, is filled with minute worms.

EARDROP
Ear"drop`, n.

1. A pendant for the ear; an earring; as, a pair of eardrops.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of primrose. See Auricula.

EARDRUM
Ear"drum`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The tympanum. See Illust. of Ear.

EARED
Eared, a.

1. Having (such or so many) ears; -- used in composition; as, long-
eared-eared; sharp-eared; full-eared; ten-eared.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having external ears; having tufts of feathers resembling ears.
Eared owl (Zoöl.), an owl having earlike tufts of feathers, as the
long-eared owl, and short-eared owl.
 -- Eared seal (Zoöl.), any seal of the family Otariidæ, including
the fur seals and hair seals. See Seal.

EARINESS
Ear"i*ness, n. Etym: [Scotch ery or eiry affected with fear.]

Defn: Fear or timidity, especially of something supernatural.
[Written also eiryness.]
The sense of eariness, as twilight came on. De Quincey.

EARING
Ear"ing, n. (Naut.)
(a) A line used to fasten the upper corners of a sail to the yard or
gaff; -- also called head earing.
(b) A line for hauling the reef cringle to the yard; -- also called
reef earing.
(c) A line fastening the corners of an awning to the rigging or
stanchions.

EARING
Ear"ing, n.

Defn: Coming into ear, as corn.

EARING
Ear"ing, n.

Defn: A plowing of land. [Archaic]
Neither earing nor harvest. Gen. xlv. 6.

EARL
Earl, n. Etym: [OE. eorl, erl, AS. eorl man, noble; akin to OS. erl
boy, man, Icel. jarl nobleman, count, and possibly to Gr. arshan man.
Cf. Jarl.]

Defn: A nobleman of England ranking below a marquis, and above a
viscount. The rank of an earl corresponds to that of a count (comte)
in France, and graf in Germany. Hence the wife of an earl is still
called countess. See Count.

EARL
Earl, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The needlefish. [Ireland]

EARLAP
Ear"lap`, n.

Defn: The lobe of the ear.

EARLDOM
Earl"dom, n. Etym: [AS. eorl-d; eorl man, noble + -d -dom.]

1. The jurisdiction of an earl; the territorial possessions of an
earl.

2. The status, title, or dignity of an earl.
He [Pulteney] shrunk into insignificancy and an earldom.
Chesterfield.

EARLDORMAN
Earl"dor*man, n.

Defn: Alderman. [Obs.]

EARLDUCK
Earl"duck`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The red-breasted merganser (Merganser serrator).

EARLES PENNY
Earles" pen`ny. Etym: [Cf. Arles, 4th Earnest.]

Defn: Earnest money. Same as Arles penny. [Obs.]

EARLESS
Ear"less, a.

Defn: Without ears; hence, deaf or unwilling to hear. Pope.

EARLET
Ear"let, n. Etym: [Ear + -let.]

Defn: An earring. [Obs.]
The Ismaelites were accustomed to wear golden earlets. Judg. viii. 24
(Douay version).

EARLINESS
Ear"li*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being early or forward; promptness.

EARL MARSHAL
Earl" mar"shal.

Defn: An officer of state in England who marshals and orders all
great ceremonials, takes cognizance of matters relating to honor,
arms, and pedigree, and directs the proclamation of peace and war.
The court of chivalry was formerly under his jurisdiction, and he is
still the head of the herald's office or college of arms.

EARLOCK
Ear"lock`, n. Etym: [AS. eár-locca.]

Defn: A lock or curl of hair near the ear; a lovelock. See Lovelock.

EARLY
Ear"ly, adv. Etym: [OE. erli, erliche, AS. ; sooner + lic like. See
Ere, and Like.]

Defn: Soon; in good season; seasonably; betimes; as, come early.
Those that me early shall find me. Prov. viii. 17.
You must wake and call me early. Tennyson.

EARLY
Ear"ly, a. [Compar. Earlier; superl. Earliest.] Etym: [OE. earlich.
Early, adv.]

1. In advance of the usual or appointed time; in good season; prior
in time; among or near the first; -- opposed to Ant: late; as, the
early bird; an early spring; early fruit.
Early and provident fear is the mother of safety. Burke.
The doorsteps and threshold with the early grass springing up about
them. Hawthorne.

2. Coming in the first part of a period of time, or among the first
of successive acts, events, etc.
Seen in life's early morning sky. Keble.
The forms of its earlier manhood. Longfellow.
The earliest poem he composed was in his seventeenth summer. J. C.
Shairp.
Early English (Philol.) See the Note under English.
 -- Early English architecture, the first of the pointed or Gothic
styles used in England, succeeding the Norman style in the 12th and
13th centuries.

Syn.
 -- Forward; timely; not late; seasonable.

EARMARK
Ear"mark`, n.

1. A mark on the ear of sheep, oxen, dogs, etc., as by cropping or
slitting.

2. A mark for identification; a distinguishing mark.
Money is said to have no earmark. Wharton.
Flying, he [a slave] should be described by the rounding of his head,
and his earmark. Robynson (More's Utopia).
A set of intellectual ideas . . . have earmarks upon them, no tokens
of a particular proprietor. Burrow.

EARMARK
Ear"mark`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Earmarked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Earmarking.]

Defn: To mark, as sheep, by cropping or slitting the ear.

EAR-MINDED
Ear"-mind"ed, a. (Physiol. Psychol.)

Defn: Thinking chiefly or most readily through, or in terms related
to, the sense of hearing; specif., thinking words as spoken, as a
result of familiarity with speech or of mental peculiarity; --
opposed to eye-minded.

EARN
Earn, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Ern, n. Sir W. Scott.

EARN
Earn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Earned; p. pr. & vb. n. Earning.] Etym:
[AS. earnian; akin to OHG. arn to reap, aran harvest, G. ernte, Goth.
asans harvest, asneis hireling, AS. esne; cf. Icel. önn working
season, work.]

1. To merit or deserve, as by labor or service; to do that which
entitles one to (a reward, whether the reward is received or not).
The high repute Which he through hazard huge must earn. Milton.

2. To acquire by labor, service, or performance; to deserve and
receive as compensation or wages; as, to earn a good living; to earn
honors or laurels.
I earn that [what] I eat. Shak.
The bread I have earned by the hazard of my life or the sweat of my
brow. Burke.
Earned run (Baseball), a run which is made without the assistance of
errors on the opposing side.

Syn.
 -- See Obtain.

EARN
Earn, v. t. & i. Etym: [See 1st Yearn.]

Defn: To grieve. [Obs.]

EARN
Earn, v. i. Etym: [See 4th Yearn.]

Defn: To long; to yearn. [Obs.]
And ever as he rode, his heart did earn To prove his puissance in
battle brave. Spenser.

EARN
Earn, v. i. Etym: [AS. irnan to run. Rennet, and cf. Yearnings.]

Defn: To curdle, as milk. [Prov. Eng.]

EARNEST
Ear"nest, n. Etym: [AS. eornost, eornest; akin to OHG. ernust, G.
ernst; cf. Icel. orrosta battle, perh. akin to Gr. oriri to rise.]

Defn: Seriousness; reality; fixed determination; eagerness;
intentness.
Take heed that this jest do not one day turn to earnest. Sir P.
Sidney.
And given in earnest what I begged in jest. Shak.
In earnest, serious; seriously; not in jest; earnestly.

EARNEST
Ear"nest, a.

1. Ardent in the pursuit of an object; eager to obtain or do; zealous
with sincerity; with hearty endeavor; heartfelt; fervent; hearty; --
used in a good sense; as, earnest prayers.
An earnest advocate to plead for him. Shak.

2. Intent; fixed closely; as, earnest attention.

3. Serious; important. [Obs.]
They whom earnest lets do often hinder. Hooker.

Syn.
 -- Eager; warm; zealous; ardent; animated; importunate; fervent;
sincere; serious; hearty; urgent. See Eager.

EARNEST
Ear"nest, v. t.

Defn: To use in earnest. [R.]
To earnest them [our arms] with men. Pastor Fido (1602).

EARNEST
Ear"nest, n. Etym: [Prob. corrupted fr. F. arrhes, L. arra, arrha,
arrhabo, Gr. ; or perh. fr. W. ernes, akin to Gael. earlas, perh. fr.
L. arra. Cf. Arles, Earles penny.]

1. Something given, or a part paid beforehand, as a pledge; pledge;
handsel; a token of what is to come.
Who hath also sealed us, and given the earnest of the Spirit in our
hearts. 2 Cor. i. 22.
And from his coffers Received the golden earnest of our death. Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: Something of value given by the buyer to the seller, by way of
token or pledge, to bind the bargain and prove the sale. Kent.
Ayliffe. Benjamin. Earnest money (Law), money paid as earnest, to
bind a bargain or to ratify and prove a sale.

Syn.
 -- Earnest, Pledge. These words are here compared as used in their
figurative sense. Earnest is not so strong as pledge. An earnest,
like first fruits, gives assurance, or at least a high probability,
that more is coming of the same kind; a pledge, like money deposited,
affords security and ground of reliance for the future. Washington
gave earnest of his talent as commander by saving his troops after
Braddock's defeat; his fortitude and that of his soldiers during the
winter at Valley Forge might rightly be considered a pledge of their
ultimate triumph.

EARNESTFUL
Ear"nest*ful, a.

Defn: Serious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EARNESTLY
Ear"nest*ly, adv.

Defn: In an earnest manner.

EARNESTNESS
Ear"nest*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being earnest; intentness; anxiety.
An honest earnestness in the young man's manner. W. Irving.

EARNFUL
Earn"ful, a. Etym: [From Earn to yearn.]

Defn: Full of anxiety or yearning. [Obs.] P. Fletcher.

EARNING
Earn"ing, n.; pl. Earnings (.

Defn: That which is earned; wages gained by work or services; money
earned; -- used commonly in the plural.
As to the common people, their stock is in their persons and in their
earnings. Burke.

EARPICK
Ear"pick`, n.

Defn: An instrument for removing wax from the ear.

EAR-PIERCER
Ear"-pier`cer, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The earwig.

EARREACH
Ear"reach`, n.

Defn: Earshot. Marston.

EARRING
Ear"ring`, n.

Defn: An ornament consisting of a ring passed through the lobe of the
ear, with or without a pendant.

EARSH
Earsh, n.

Defn: See Arrish.

EAR-SHELL
Ear"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flattened marine univalve shell of the genus Haliotis; --
called also sea-ear. See Abalone.

EARSHOT
Ear"shot`, n.

Defn: Reach of the ear; distance at which words may be heard. Dryden.

EARSHRIFT
Ear"shrift`, n.

Defn: A nickname for auricular confession; shrift. [Obs.] Cartwright.

EARSORE
Ear"sore`, n.

Defn: An annoyance to the ear. [R.]
The perpetual jangling of the chimes . . . is no small earsore Sir T.
Browne.

EAR-SPLITTING
Ear"-split`ting, a.

Defn: Deafening; disagreeably loud or shrill; as, ear-splitting
strains.

EARST
Earst, adv.

Defn: See Erst. [Obs.] Spenser.

EARTH
Earth, n. Etym: [AS. eor; akin to OS. ertha, OFries. irthe, D. aarde,
OHG. erda, G. erde, Icel. jör, Sw. & Dan. jord, Goth. airpa, OHG.
ero, Gr. ear to plow.]

1. The globe or planet which we inhabit; the world, in distinction
from the sun, moon, or stars. Also, this world as the dwelling place
of mortals, in distinction from the dwelling place of spirits.
That law preserves the earth a sphere And guides the planets in their
course. S. Rogers.
In heaven, or earth, or under earth, in hell. Milton.

2. The solid materials which make up the globe, in distinction from
the air or water; the dry land.
God called the dry land earth. Gen. i. 10.
He is pure air and fire, and the dull elements of earth and water
never appear in him. Shak.

3. The softer inorganic matter composing part of the surface of the
globe, in distinction from the firm rock; soil of all kinds,
including gravel, clay, loam, and the like; sometimes, soil favorable
to the growth of plants; the visible surface of the globe; the
ground; as, loose earth; rich earth.
Give him a little earth for charity. Shak.

4. A part of this globe; a region; a country; land.
Would I had never trod this English earth. Shak.

5. Worldly things, as opposed to spiritual things; the pursuits,
interests, and allurements of this life.
Our weary souls by earth beguiled. Keble.

6. The people on the globe.
The whole earth was of one language. Gen. xi. 1.

7. (Chem.)
(a) Any earthy-looking metallic oxide, as alumina, glucina, zirconia,
yttria, and thoria.
(b) A similar oxide, having a slight alkaline reaction, as lime,
magnesia, strontia, baryta.

8. A hole in the ground, where an animal hides himself; as, the earth
of a fox. Macaulay.
They [ferrets] course the poor conies out of their earths. Holland.

Note: Earth is used either adjectively or in combination to form
compound words; as, earth apple or earth-apple; earth metal or earth-
metal; earth closet or earth-closet. Adamic earth, Bitter earth, Bog
earth, Chian earth, etc. See under Adamic, Bitter, etc.
 -- Alkaline earths. See under Alkaline.
 -- Earth apple. (Bot.) (a) A potato. (b) A cucumber.
 -- Earth auger, a form of auger for boring into the ground; --
called also earth borer.
 -- Earth bath, a bath taken by immersing the naked body in earth for
healing purposes.
 -- Earth battery (Physics), a voltaic battery the elements of which
are buried in the earth to be acted on by its moisture.
 -- Earth chestnut, the pignut.
 -- Earth closet, a privy or commode provided with dry earth or a
similar substance for covering and deodorizing the fæcal discharges.
 -- Earth dog (Zoöl.), a dog that will dig in the earth, or enter
holes of foxes, etc.
 -- Earth hog, Earth pig (Zoöl.), the aard-vark.
 -- Earth hunger, an intense desire to own land, or, in the case of
nations, to extend their domain.
 -- Earth light (Astron.), the light reflected by the earth, as upon
the moon, and corresponding to moonlight; -- called also earth shine.
Sir J. Herschel.
 -- Earth metal. See 1st Earth,

7. (Chem.) -- Earth oil, petroleum.
 -- Earth pillars or pyramids (Geol.), high pillars or pyramids of
earth, sometimes capped with a single stone, found in Switzerland.
Lyell.
 -- Earth pitch (Min.), mineral tar, a kind of asphaltum.
 -- Earth quadrant, a fourth of the earth's circumference.
 -- Earth table (Arch.), the lowest course of stones visible in a
building; the ground table.
 -- On earth, an intensive expression, oftenest used in questions and
exclamations; as, What on earth shall I do Nothing on earth will
satisfy him. [Colloq.]

EARTH
Earth, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Earthed; p. pr. & vb. n. Earthing.]

1. To hide, or cause to hide, in the earth; to chase into a burrow or
den. "The fox is earthed." Dryden.

2. To cover with earth or mold; to inter; to bury; -- sometimes with
up.
The miser earths his treasure, and the thief, Watching the mole, half
beggars him ere noon. Young.
Why this in earthing up a carcass R. Blair.

EARTH
Earth, v. i.

Defn: To burrow. Tickell.

EARTH
Earth, n. Etym: [From Ear to plow.]

Defn: A plowing. [Obs.]
Such land as ye break up for barley to sow, Two earths at the least,
ere ye sow it, bestow. Tusser.

EARTHBAG
Earth"bag`, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A bag filled with earth, used commonly to raise or repair a
parapet.

EARTHBANK
Earth"bank`, n.

Defn: A bank or mound of earth.

EARTHBOARD
Earth"board`, n. (Agric.)

Defn: The part of a plow, or other implement, that turns over the
earth; the moldboard.

EARTHBORN
Earth"born`, a.

1. Born of the earth; terrigenous; springing originally from the
earth; human.
Some earthborn giant. Milton.

2. Relating to, or occasioned by, earthly objects.
All earthborn cares are wrong. Goldsmith.

EARTHBRED
Earth"bred`, a.

Defn: Low; grovelling; vulgar.

EARTHDIN
Earth"din`, n.

Defn: An earthquake. [Obs.]

EARTHDRAKE
Earth"drake`, n.

Defn: A mythical monster of the early Anglo-Saxon literature; a
dragon. W. Spalding.

EARTHEN
Earth"en, a.

Defn: Made of earth; made of burnt or baked clay, or other like
substances; as, an earthen vessel or pipe.

EARTHEN-HEARTED
Earth"en-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Hard-hearted; sordid; gross. [Poetic] Lowell.

EARTHENWARE
Earth"en*ware`, n.

Defn: Vessels and other utensils, ornaments, or the like, made of
baked clay. See Crockery, Pottery, Stoneware, and Porcelain.

EARTH FLAX
Earth" flax`. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of asbestus. See Amianthus.

EARTHFORK
Earth"fork`, n.

Defn: A pronged fork for turning up the earth.

EARTHINESS
Earth"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being earthy, or of containing earth;
hence, grossness.

EARTHLIGHT
Earth"light`, n. (Astron.)

Defn: The sunlight reflected from the earth to the moon, by which we
see faintly, when the moon is near the sun (either before or after
new moon), that part of the moon's disk unillumined by direct
sunlight, or "the old moon in the arms of the new."

EARTHLINESS
Earth"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being earthly; worldliness; grossness;
perishableness.

EARTHLING
Earth"ling, n. Etym: [Earth + -ling.]

Defn: An inhabitant of the earth; a mortal.
Earthings oft her deemed a deity. Drummond.

EARTHLY
Earth"ly, a.

1. Pertaining to the earth; belonging to this world, or to man's
existence on the earth; not heavenly or spiritual; carnal; worldly;
as, earthly joys; earthly flowers; earthly praise.
This earthly load Of death, called life. Milton.
Whose glory is in their shame, who mind earthly things. Phil. iii.
19.

2. Of all things on earth; possible; conceivable.
What earthly benefit can be the result Pope.

3. Made of earth; earthy. [Obs.] Holland.

Syn.
 -- Gross; material; sordid; mean; base; vile; low; unsubstantial;
temporary; corrupt; groveling.

EARTHLY
Earth"ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of the earth or its people; worldly.
Took counsel from his guiding eyes To make this wisdom earthly wise.
Emerson.

EARTHLY-MINDED
Earth"ly-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having a mind devoted to earthly things; worldly-minded; --
opposed to spiritual-minded.
 -- Earth"ly-mind`ed*ness, n.

EARTHMAD
Earth"mad`, n. Etym: [Earth + mad an earthworm.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The earthworm. [Obs.]
The earthmads and all the sorts of worms . . . are without eyes.
Holland.

EARTHNUT
Earth"nut`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to various roots, tubers, or pods grown under or
on the ground; as to:
(a) The esculent tubers of the umbelliferous plants Bunium flexuosum
and Carum Bulbocastanum.
(b) The peanut. See Peanut.

EARTHPEA
Earth"pea`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of pea (Amphicarpæa monoica). It is a climbing
leguminous plant, with hairy underground pods.

EARTHQUAKE
Earth"quake`, n.

Defn: A shaking, trembling, or concussion of the earth, due to
subterranean causes, often accompanied by a rumbling noise. The wave
of shock sometimes traverses half a hemisphere, destroying cities and
many thousand lives; -- called also earthdin, earthquave, and
earthshock. Earthquake alarm, a bell signal constructed to operate on
the theory that a few seconds before the occurrence of an earthquake
the magnet temporarily loses its power.

EARTHQUAKE
Earth"quake`, a.

Defn: Like, or characteristic of, an earthquake; loud; starling.
The earthquake voice of victory. Byron.

EARTHQUAVE
Earth"quave`, n.

Defn: An earthquake.

EARTH SHINE
Earth" shine`.

Defn: See Earth light, under Earth.

EARTHSHOCK
Earth"shock`, n.

Defn: An earthquake.

EARTHSTAR
Earth"star`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A curious fungus of the genus Geaster, in which the outer
coating splits into the shape of a star, and the inner one forms a
ball containing the dustlike spores.

EARTH-TONGUE
Earth"-tongue`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A fungus of the genus Geoglossum.

EARTHWARD; EARTHWARDS
Earth"ward, Earth"wards (, adv.

Defn: Toward the earth; -- opposed to heavenward or skyward.

EARTHWORK
Earth"work`, n.

1. (Mil.)

Defn: Any construction, whether a temporary breastwork or permanent
fortification, for attack or defense, the material of which is
chiefly earth.

2. (Engin.)
(a) The operation connected with excavations and embankments of earth
in preparing foundations of buildings, in constructing canals,
railroads, etc.
(b) An embankment or construction made of earth.

EARTHWORM
Earth"worm`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any worm of the genus Lumbricus and allied genera, found in
damp soil. One of the largest and most abundant species in Europe and
America is L. terrestris; many others are known; -- called also
angleworm and dewworm.

2. A mean, sordid person; a niggard. Norris.

EARTHY
Earth"y, a.

1. Consisting of, or resembling, earth; terrene; earthlike; as,
earthy matter.
How pale she looks, And of an earthy cold! Shak.
All over earthy, like a piece of earth. Tennyson.

2. Of or pertaining to the earth or to, this world; earthly;
terrestrial; carnal. [R.] "Their earthy charge." Milton.
The first man is of the earth, earthy; the second man is from heaven.
As is the earthy, such are they also that are earthy. 1 Cor. xv. 47,
48 (Rev. Ver. )
Earthy spirits black and envious are. Dryden.

3. Gross; low; unrefined. "Her earthy and abhorred commands." Shak.

4. (Min.)

Defn: Without luster, or dull and roughish to the touch; as, an
earthy fracture.

EARWAX
Ear"wax`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: See Cerumen.

EARWIG
Ear"wig`, n. Etym: [AS. eárwicga; eáre ear + wicga beetle, worm: cf.
Prov. E. erri-wiggle.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any insect of the genus Forticula and related genera, belonging
to the order Euplexoptera.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: In America, any small chilopodous myriapod, esp. of the genus
Geophilus.

Note: Both insects are so called from the supposition that they creep
into the human ear.

3. A whisperer of insinuations; a secret counselor. Johnson.

EARWIG
Ear"wig`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Earwigged; p. pr. & vb. n. Earwigging.]

Defn: To influence, or attempt to influence, by whispered
insinuations or private talk. "No longer was he earwigged by the Lord
Cravens." Lord Campbell.

EARWITNESS
Ear"wit`ness, n.

Defn: A witness by means of his ears; one who is within hearing and
does hear; a hearer. Fuller.

EASE
Ease, n. Etym: [OE. ese, eise, F. aise; akin to Pr. ais, aise, OIt.
asio, It. agio; of uncertain origin; cf. L. ansa handle, occasion,
opportunity. Cf. Agio, Disease.]

1. Satisfaction; pleasure; hence, accommodation; entertainment.
[Obs.]
They him besought Of harbor and or ease as for hire penny. Chaucer.

2. Freedom from anything that pains or troubles; as: (a) Relief from
labor or effort; rest; quiet; relaxation; as, ease of body.
Usefulness comes by labor, wit by ease. Herbert.
Give yourself ease from the fatigue of watching. Swift.

(b) Freedom from care, solicitude, or anything that annoys or
disquiets; tranquillity; peace; comfort; security; as, ease of mind.
Among these nations shalt thou find no ease. Deut. xxviii. 65.
Take thine ease, eat, drink, and be merry. Luke xii. 19.

(c) Freedom from constraint, formality, difficulty, embarrassment,
etc.; facility; liberty; naturalness; -- said of manner, style, etc.;
as, ease of style, of behavior, of address.
True ease in writing comes from art, not chance. Pope.
Whate'er he did was done with so much ease, In him alone 't was
natural to please. Dryden.
At ease, free from pain, trouble, or anxiety. "His soul shall dwell
at ease." Ps. xxv. 12.
 -- Chapel of ease. See under Chapel.
 -- Ill at ease, not at ease, disquieted; suffering; anxious.
 -- To stand at ease (Mil.), to stand in a comfortable attitude in
one's place in the ranks.
 -- With ease, easily; without much effort.

Syn.
 -- Rest; quiet; repose; comfortableness; tranquility; facility;
easiness; readiness.

EASE
Ease, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Eased; p. pr. & vb. n. Easing.] Etym:
[OE. esen, eisen, OF. aisier. See Ease, n.]

1. To free from anything that pains, disquiets, or oppresses; to
relieve from toil or care; to give rest, repose, or tranquility to; -
- often with of; as, to ease of pain; ease the body or mind.
Eased [from] the putting off These troublesome disguises which we
wear. Milton.
Sing, and I 'll ease thy shoulders of thy load. Dryden.

2. To render less painful or oppressive; to mitigate; to alleviate.
My couch shall ease my complaint. Job vii. 13.

3. To release from pressure or restraint; to move gently; to lift
slightly; to shift a little; as, to ease a bar or nut in machinery.

4. To entertain; to furnish with accommodations. [Obs.] Chaucer. To
ease off, To ease away (Naut.), to slacken a rope gradually.
 -- To ease a ship (Naut.), to put the helm hard, or regulate the
sail, to prevent pitching when closehauled.
 -- To ease the helm (Naut.), to put the helm more nearly amidships,
to lessen the effect on the ship, or the strain on the wheel rope.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Syn.
 -- To relieve; disburden; quiet; calm; tranquilize; assuage;
alleviate; allay; mitigate; appease; pacify.

EASEFUL
Ease"ful, a.

Defn: Full of ease; suitable for affording ease or rest; quiet;
comfortable; restful. Shak.
 -- Ease"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Ease"ful*ness, n.

EASEL
Ea"sel, n. Etym: [D. ezel ass, donkey, hence, easel, or G. esel; akin
to E. ass. See Ass.]

Defn: A frame (commonly) of wood serving to hold a canvas upright, or
nearly upright, for the painter's convenience or for exhibition.
Easel picture, Easel piece, a painting of moderate size such as is
made while resting on an easel, as distinguished from a painting on a
wall or ceiling.

EASELESS
Ease"less, a.

Defn: Without ease. Donne.

EASEMENT
Ease"ment, n. Etym: [OF. aisement. See Ease, n.]

1. That which gives ease, relief, or assistance; convenience;
accommodation.
In need of every kind of relief and easement. Burke.

2. (Law)

Defn: A liberty, privilege, or advantage, which one proprietor has in
the estate of another proprietor, distinct from the ownership of the
soil, as a way, water course, etc. It is a species of what the civil
law calls servitude. Kent.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A curved member instead of an abrupt change of direction, as in
a baseboard, hand rail, etc.

EASILY
Eas"i*ly, adv. Etym: [From Easy.]

1. With ease; without difficulty or much effort; as, this task may be
easily performed; that event might have been easily foreseen.

2. Without pain, anxiety, or disturbance; as, to pass life well and
easily. Sir W. Temple.

3. Readily; without reluctance; willingly.
Not soon provoked, she easily forgives. Prior.

4. Smoothly; quietly; gently; gracefully; without

5. Without shaking or jolting; commodiously; as, a carriage moves
easily.

EASINESS
Eas"i*ness, n.

1. The state or condition of being easy; freedom from distress; rest.

2. Freedom from difficulty; ease; as the easiness of a task.

3. Freedom from emotion; compliance; disposition to yield without
opposition; unconcernedness.
Give to him, and he shall but laugh at your easiness. South.

4. Freedom from effort, constraint, or formality; -- said of style,
manner, etc.
With painful care, but seeming easiness. Roscommon.

5. Freedom from jolting, jerking, or straining.

EAST
East, n. Etym: [OE. est, east, AS. eást; akin to D. oost, oosten,
OHG. , G. ost, osten, Icel. austr, Sw. ost, Dan. öst, östen, Lith.
auszra dawn, L. aurora (for ausosa), Gr. ushas; cf. Skr. ush to burn,
L. urere. Aurora, Easter, Sterling.]

1. The point in the heavens where the sun is seen to rise at the
equinox, or the corresponding point on the earth; that one of the
four cardinal points of the compass which is in a direction at right
angles to that of north and south, and which is toward the right hand
of one who faces the north; the point directly opposite to the west.
The east began kindle. E. Everett.

2. The eastern parts of the earth; the regions or countries which lie
east of Europe; the orient. In this indefinite sense, the word is
applied to Asia Minor, Syria, Chaldea, Persia, India, China, etc.;
as, the riches of the East; the diamonds and pearls of the East; the
kings of the East.
The gorgeous East, with richest hand, Showers on her kings barbaric
pearl and gold. Milton.

3. (U. S. Hist. and Geog.)

Defn: Formerly, the part of the United States east of the Alleghany
Mountains, esp. the Eastern, or New England, States; now, commonly,
the whole region east of the Mississippi River, esp. that which is
north of Maryland and the Ohio River; -- usually with the definite
article; as, the commerce of the East is not independent of the
agriculture of the West. East by north, East by south, according to
the notation of the mariner's compass, that point which lies 11 --
East-northeast, East-southeast, that which lie 22Illust. of Compass.

EAST
East, a.

Defn: Toward the rising sun; or toward the point where the sun rises
when in the equinoctial; as, the east gate; the east border; the east
side; the east wind is a wind that blows from the east.

EAST
East, adv.

Defn: Eastward.

EAST
East, v. i.

Defn: To move toward the east; to veer from the north or south toward
the east; to orientate.

EASTER
Eas"ter, n. Etym: [AS. eáster, eástran, paschal feast, Easter; akin
to G. ostern; fr. AS. Eástre, a goddess of light or spring, in honor
of whom a festival was celebrated in April; whence this month was
called in AS. Eásterm. From the root of E. east. See East.]

1. An annual church festival commemorating Christ's resurrection, and
occurring on Sunday, the second day after Good Friday. It corresponds
to the pasha or passover of the Jews, and most nations still give it
this name under the various forms of pascha, pasque, pâque, or pask.

2. The day on which the festival is observed; Easter day.

Note: Easter is used either adjectively or as the first element of a
compound; as, Easter day or Easter-day, Easter Sunday, Easter week,
Easter gifts.
Sundays by thee more glorious break, An Easter day in every week.
Keble.

Note: Easter day, on which the rest of the movable feasts depend, is
always the first Sunday after the fourteenth day of the calendar moon
which (fourteenth day) falls on, or next after, the 21st of March,
according to the rules laid down for the construction of the
calendar; so that if the fourteenth day happen on a Sunday, Easter
day is the Sunday after. Eng. Cyc. Easter dues (Ch. of Eng.), money
due to the clergy at Easter, formerly paid in communication of the
tithe for personal labor and subject to exaction. For Easter dues,
Easter offerings, voluntary gifts, have been substituted.
 -- Easter egg. (a) A painted or colored egg used as a present at
Easter. (b) An imitation of an egg, in sugar or some fine material,
sometimes made to serve as a box for jewelry or the like, used as an
Easter present.

EASTER
East"er, v. i. (Naut.)

Defn: To veer to the east; -- said of the wind. Russell.

EASTER LILY
Eas"ter lil`y. (Bot.) Any one of various lilies or lilylike flowers
which bloom about Easter; specif.:
 (a) The common white lily (Lilium candidum), called also
Annunciation lily.
 (b) The larger white lily (Lilium longiflorum eximium, syn. L.
Harrisii) called also Bermuda lily.
 (c) The daffodil (Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus).
 (d) The Atamasco lily.

EASTERLING
East"er*ling, n. Etym: [Cf. Sterling.]

1. A native of a country eastward of another; -- used, by the
English, of traders or others from the coasts of the Baltic.
Merchants of Norway, Denmark, . . . called . . . Easterlings because
they lie east in respect of us. Holinshed.

2. A piece of money coined in the east by Richard II. of England.
Crabb.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The smew.

EASTERLING
East"er*ling, a.

Defn: Relating to the money of the Easterlings, or Baltic traders.
See Sterling.

EASTERLY
East"er*ly, a.

1. Coming from the east; as, it was easterly wind.

2. Situated, directed, or moving toward the east; as, the easterly
side of a lake; an easterly course or voyage.

EASTERLY
East"er*ly, adv.

Defn: Toward, or in the direction of, the east.

EASTERN
East"ern, a. Etym: [AS. eástern.]

1. Situated or dwelling in the east; oriental; as, an eastern gate;
Eastern countries.
Eastern churches first did Christ embrace. Stirling.

2. Going toward the east, or in the direction of east; as, an eastern
voyage. Eastern Church. See Greek Church, under Greek.

EASTERN CHURCH
Eastern Church.

Defn: That portion of the Christian church which prevails in the
countries once comprised in the Eastern Roman Empire and the
countries converted to Christianity by missionaries from them. Its
full official title is The Orthodox Catholic Apostolic Eastern
Church. It became estranged from the Western, or Roman, Church over
the question of papal supremacy and the doctrine of the filioque, and
a separation, begun in the latter part of the 9th century, became
final in 1054. The Eastern Church consists of twelve (thirteen if the
Bulgarian Church be included) mutually independent churches
(including among these the Hellenic Church, or Church of Greece, and
the Russian Church), using the vernacular (or some ancient form of
it) in divine service and varying in many points of detail, but
standing in full communion with each other and united as equals in a
great federation. The highest five authorities are the patriarch of
Constantinople, or ecumenical patriarch (whose position is not one of
supremacy, but of precedence), the patriarch of Alexandria, the
patriarch of Jerusalem, the patriarch of Antioch, and the Holy Synod
of Russia. The Eastern Church accepts the first seven ecumenical
councils (and is hence styled only schismatic, not heretical, by the
Roman Catholic Church), has as its creed the Niceno-
Constantinopolitan (without the later addition of the filioque,
which, with the doctrine it represents, the church decisively
rejects), baptizes infants with trine immersion, makes confirmation
follow immediately upon baptism, administers the Communion in both
kinds (using leavened bread) and to infants as well as adults,
permits its secular clergy to marry before ordination and to keep
their wives afterward, but not to marry a second time, selects its
bishops from the monastic clergy only, recognizes the offices of
bishop, priest, and deacon as the three necessary degrees of orders,
venerates relics and icons, and has an elaborate ritual.

EASTERNMOST
East"ern*most`, a.

Defn: Most eastern.

EAST INDIAN
East" In"di*an (; see Indian).

Defn: Belonging to, or relating to, the East Indies.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of, or a dweller in, the East Indies.

EASTING
East"ing, n. (Naut. & Surv.)

Defn: The distance measured toward the east between two meridians
drawn through the extremities of a course; distance of departure
eastward made by a vessel.

EAST-INSULAR
East`-in"su*lar, a.

Defn: Relating to the Eastern Islands; East Indian. [R.] Ogilvie.

EASTWARD; EASTWARDS
East"ward, East"wards, adv.

Defn: Toward the east; in the direction of east from some point or
place; as, New Haven lies eastward from New York.

EASY
Eas"y, a. [Compar. Easier; superl. Easiest.] Etym: [OF. aisié, F.
aisé, prop. p. p. of OF. aisier. See Ease, v. t.]

1. At ease; free from pain, trouble, or constraint; as: (a) Free from
pain, distress, toil, exertion, and the like; quiet; as, the patient
is easy. (b) Free from care, responsibility, discontent, and the
like; not anxious; tranquil; as, an easy mind. (c) Free from
constraint, harshness, or formality; unconstrained; smooth; as, easy
manners; an easy style. "The easy vigor of a line." Pope.

2. Not causing, or attended with, pain or disquiet, or much exertion;
affording ease or rest; as, an easy carriage; a ship having an easy
motion; easy movements, as in dancing. "Easy ways to die." Shak.

3. Not difficult; requiring little labor or effort; slight;
inconsiderable; as, an easy task; an easy victory.
It were an easy leap. Shak.

4. Causing ease; giving freedom from care or labor; furnishing
comfort; commodious; as, easy circumstances; an easy chair or
cushion.

5. Not making resistance or showing unwillingness; tractable;
yielding; complying; ready.
He gained their easy hearts. Dryden.
He is too tyrannical to be an easy monarch. Sir W. Scott.

6. Moderate; sparing; frugal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

7. (Com.)

Defn: Not straitened as to money matters; as, the market is easy; --
opposed to tight. Honors are easy (Card Playing), said when each side
has an equal number of honors, in which case they are not counted as
points.

Syn.
 -- Quiet; comfortable; manageable; tranquil; calm; facile;
unconcerned.

EASY-CHAIR
Eas"y-chair`, n.

Defn: An armichair for ease or repose. "Laugh . . . in Rabelais'
easy-chair." Pope.

EASY-GOING
Eas"y-go`ing, a.

Defn: Moving easily; hence, mild-tempered; ease-loving; inactive.

EAT
Eat, v. t. [imp. Ate, Obsolescent & Colloq. Eat (; p. p. Eaten, Obs.
or Colloq. Eat (p. pr. & vb. n. Eating.] Etym: [OE. eten, AS. etan;
akin to OS. etan, OFries. eta, D. eten, OHG. ezzan, G. essen, Icel.
eta, Sw. äta, Dan. æde, Goth. itan, Ir. & Gael. ith, W. ysu, L.
edere, Gr. ad. Etch, Fret to rub, Edible.]

1. To chew and swallow as food; to devour; -- said especially of food
not liquid; as, to eat bread. "To eat grass as oxen." Dan. iv. 25.
They . . . ate the sacrifices of the dead. Ps. cvi. 28.
The lean . . . did eat up the first seven fat kine. Gen. xli. 20.
The lion had not eaten the carcass. 1 Kings xiii. 28.
With stories told of many a feat, How fairy Mab junkets eat. Milton.
The island princes overbold Have eat our substance. Tennyson.
His wretched estate is eaten up with mortgages. Thackeray.

2. To corrode, as metal, by rust; to consume the flesh, as a cancer;
to waste or wear away; to destroy gradually; to cause to disappear.
To eat humble pie. See under Humble.
 -- To eat of (partitive use). "Eat of the bread that can not waste."
Keble.
 -- To eat one's words, to retract what one has said. (See the
Citation under Blurt.) -- To eat out, to consume completely. "Eat out
the heart and comfort of it." Tillotson.
 -- To eat the wind out of a vessel (Naut.), to gain slowly to
windward of her.

Syn.
 -- To consume; devour; gnaw; corrode.

EAT
Eat, v. i.

1. To take food; to feed; especially, to take solid, in distinction
from liquid, food; to board.
He did eat continually at the king's table. 2 Sam. ix. 13.

2. To taste or relish; as, it eats like tender beef.

3. To make one's way slowly. To eat, To eat in or into, to make way
by corrosion; to gnaw; to consume. "A sword laid by, which eats into
itself." Byron.
 -- To eat to windward (Naut.), to keep the course when closehauled
with but little steering; -- said of a vessel.

EATABLE
Eat"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being eaten; fit to be eaten; proper for food;
esculent; edible.
 -- n.

Defn: Something fit to be eaten.

EATAGE
Eat"age (; 48), n.

Defn: Eatable growth of grass for horses and cattle, esp. that of
aftermath.

EATER
Eat"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, eats.

EATH
Eath, a. & adv. Etym: [AS. eá.]

Defn: Easy or easily. [Obs.] "Eath to move with plaints." Fairfax.

EATING
Eat"ing, n.

1. The act of tasking food; the act of consuming or corroding.

2. Something fit to be eaten; food; as, a peach is good eating.
[Colloq.] Eating house, a house where cooked provisions are sold, to
be eaten on the premises.

EAU DE COLOGNE
Eau` de Co*logne". Etym: [F. eau water (L. aqua) + de of + Cologne.]

Defn: Same as Cologne.

EAU DE VIE
Eau` de vie". Etym: [F., water of life; eau (L. aqua) water + de of +
vie (L. vita) life.]

Defn: French name for brandy. Cf. Aqua vitæ, under Aqua. Bescherelle.

EAU FORTE
Eau` forte" (o` fort"). [F., strong water, nitric acid (which is used
in etching plates).] (Art)

Defn: An etching or a print from an etched plate.

EAVEDROP
Eave"drop`, n.

Defn: A drop from the eaves; eavesdrop. [R.] Tennyson.

EAVES
Eaves, n. pl. Etym: [OE. evese, pl. eveses, AS. efese eaves, brim,
brink; akin to OHG. obisa, opasa, porch, hall, MHG. obse eaves, Icel.
ups, Goth. ubizwa porch; cf. Icel. upsar-dropi, OSw. opsä-drup water
dropping from the eaves. Probably from the root of E. over. The s of
eaves is in English regarded as a plural ending, though not so in
Saxon. See Over, and cf. Eavesdrop.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: The edges or lower borders of the roof of a building, which
overhang the walls, and cast off the water that falls on the roof.

2. Brow; ridge. [Obs.] "Eaves of the hill." Wyclif.

3. Eyelids or eyelashes.
And closing eaves of wearied eyes. Tennyson.
Eaves board (Arch.), an arris fillet, or a thick board with a feather
edge, nailed across the rafters at the eaves of a building, to raise
the lower course of slates a little, or to receive the lowest course
of tiles; -- called also eaves catch and eaves lath.
 -- Eaves channel, Eaves gutter, Eaves trough. Same as Gutter,

1.
 -- Eaves molding (Arch.), a molding immediately below the eaves,
acting as a cornice or part of a cornice.
 -- Eaves swallow (Zoöl.). (a) The cliff swallow; -- so called from
its habit of building retort-shaped nests of mud under the eaves of
buildings. See Cliff swallow, under Cliff. (b) The European swallow.

EAVESDROP
Eaves"drop`, v. i. Etym: [Eaves + drop.]

Defn: To stand under the eaves, near a window or at the door, of a
house, to listen and learn what is said within doors; hence, to
listen secretly to what is said in private.
To eavesdrop in disguises. Milton.

EAVESDROP
Eaves"drop`, n.

Defn: The water which falls in drops from the eaves of a house.

EAVESDROPPER
Eaves"drop`per, n.

Defn: One who stands under the eaves, or near the window or door of a
house, to listen; hence, a secret listener.

EAVESDROPPING
Eaves"drop`ping, n. (Law)

Defn: The habit of lurking about dwelling houses, and other places
where persons meet fro private intercourse, secretly listening to
what is said, and then tattling it abroad. The offense is indictable
at common law. Wharton.

EBB
Ebb, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European bunting.

EBB
Ebb, n. Etym: [AS. ebba; akin to Fries. ebba, D. eb, ebbe, Dan. & G.
ebbe, Sw. ebb, cf. Goth. ibuks backward; prob. akin to E. even.]

1. The reflux or flowing back of the tide; the return of the tidal
wave toward the sea; -- opposed to flood; as, the boats will go out
on the ebb.
Thou shoreless flood which in thy ebb and flow Claspest the limits of
morality! Shelley.

2. The state or time of passing away; a falling from a better to a
worse state; low state or condition; decline; decay. "Our ebb of
life." Roscommon.
Painting was then at its lowest ebb. Dryden.
Ebb and flow, the alternate ebb and flood of the tide; often used
figuratively.
This alternation between unhealthy activity and depression, this ebb
and flow of the industrial. A. T. Hadley.

EBB
Ebb, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ebbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ebbing.] Etym: [AS.
ebbian; akin to D. & G. ebben, Dan. ebbe. See 2d Ebb.]

1. To flow back; to return, as the water of a tide toward the ocean;
-- opposed to flow.
That Power who bids the ocean ebb and flow. Pope.

2. To return or fall back from a better to a worse state; to decline;
to decay; to recede.
The hours of life ebb fast. Blackmore.

Syn.
 -- To recede; retire; withdraw; decay; decrease; wane; sink; lower.

EBB
Ebb, v. t.

Defn: To cause to flow back. [Obs.] Ford.

EBB
Ebb, a.

Defn: Receding; going out; falling; shallow; low.
The water there is otherwise very low and ebb. Holland.

EBB TIDE
Ebb" tide`.

Defn: The reflux of tide water; the retiring tide; -- opposed to
flood tide.

EBIONITE
E"bi*o*nite, n. Etym: [Heb. ebyonim poor people.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of heretics, in the first centuries of the
church, whose doctrine was a mixture of Judaism and Christianity.
They denied the divinity of Christ, regarding him as an inspired
messenger, and rejected much of the New Testament.

EBIONITISM
E"bi*o*ni`tism, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The system or doctrine of the Ebionites.

EBLANIN
Eb"la*nin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Pyroxanthin.

EBLIS
Eb"lis, n. Etym: [Ar. iblis.] (Moham. Myth.)

Defn: The prince of the evil spirits; Satan. [Written also Eblees.]

EBON
Eb"on, a.

1. Consisting of ebony.

2. Like ebony, especially in color; black; dark.
Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne. Young.

EBON
Eb"on, n.

Defn: Ebony. [Poetic] "Framed of ebon and ivory." Sir W. Scott.

EBONIST
Eb"on*ist, n.

Defn: One who works in ebony.

EBONITE
Eb"on*ite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A hard, black variety of vulcanite. It may be cut and polished,
and is used for many small articles, as combs and buttons, and for
insulating material in electric apparatus.

EBONIZE
Eb"on*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ebonized; p. pr. & vb. n. Ebonizing.]

Defn: To make black, or stain black, in imitation of ebony; as, to
ebonize wood.

EBONY
Eb"on*y, n.; pl. Ebonies. Etym: [F. ébène, L. ebenus, fr. Gr. hobnim,
pl. Cf. Ebon.]

Defn: A hard, heavy, and durable wood, which admits of a fine polish
or gloss. The usual color is black, but it also occurs red or green.

Note: The finest black ebony is the heartwood of Diospyros
reticulata, of the Mauritius. Other species of the same genus (D.
Ebenum, Melanoxylon, etc.), furnish the ebony of the East Indies and
Ceylon. The West Indian green ebony is from a leguminous tree (Brya
Ebenus), and from the Excæcaria glandulosa.

EBONY
Eb"on*y, a.

Defn: Made of ebony, or resembling ebony; black; as, an ebony
countenance.
This ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling. Poe.

EBRACTEATE
E*brac"te*ate, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + bracteate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Without bracts.

EBRACTEOLATE
E*brac"te*o*late, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + bracteolate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Without bracteoles, or little bracts; -- said of a pedicel or
flower stalk.

EBRAUKE
E*brau"ke, a. Etym: [L. Hebraicus: cf. F. Hébraïque.]

Defn: Hebrew. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EBRIETY
E*bri"e*ty, n.; pl. Ebrieties. Etym: [L. ebrietas, from. ebrius
intoxicated: cf. F. ébriéte. Cf. So.]

Defn: Drunkenness; intoxication by spirituous liquors; inebriety.
"Ruinous ebriety." Cowper.

EBRILLADE
E*bril"lade, n. Etym: [F.] (Man.)

Defn: A bridle check; a jerk of one rein, given to a horse when he
refuses to turn.

EBRIOSITY
E`bri*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. ebriositas, from ebriousus given to
drinking, fr. ebrius. See Ebriety.]

Defn: Addiction to drink; habitual drunkenness.

EBRIOUS
E"bri*ous, a. Etym: [L. ebrius.]

Defn: Inclined to drink to excess; intoxicated; tipsy. [R.] M.
Collins.

EBULLIATE
E*bul"li*ate, v. i.

Defn: To boil or bubble up. [Obs.] Prynne.

EBULLIENCE; EBULLIENCY
E*bul"lience, E*bul"lien*cy, n.

Defn: A boiling up or over; effervescence. Cudworth.

EBULLIENT
E*bul"lient, a. Etym: [L. ebulliens, -entis, p. pr. of ebullire to
boil up, bubble up; e out, from + bullire to boil. See 1st Boil.]

Defn: Boiling up or over; hence, manifesting exhilaration or
excitement, as of feeling; effervescing. "Ebullient with subtlety."
De Quincey.
The ebullient enthusiasm of the French. Carlyle.

EBULLIOSCOPE
E*bul"li*o*scope, n. Etym: [L. ebullire to boil up + -scope.] (Phys.
Chem.)

Defn: An instrument for observing the boiling point of liquids,
especially for determining the alcoholic strength of a mixture by the
temperature at which it boils.

EBULLITION
Eb`ul*li"tion, n. Etym: [F. ébullition, L. ebullitio, fr. ebullire.
See Ebullient.]

1. A boiling or bubbling up of a liquid; the motion produced in a
liquid by its rapid conversion into vapor.

2. Effervescence occasioned by fermentation or by any other process
which causes the liberation of a gas or an aëriform fluid, as in the
mixture of an acid with a carbonated alkali. [Formerly written
bullition.]

3. A sudden burst or violent display; an outburst; as, an ebullition
of anger or ill temper.

EBURIN
Eb"ur*in, n.

Defn: A composition of dust of ivory or of bone with a cement; --
used for imitations of valuable stones and in making moldings, seals,
etc. Knight.

EBURNATION
E`bur*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. eburnus of ivory, fr. ebur ivory: cf. F.
éburnation. See Ivory.] (Med.)

Defn: A condition of bone cartilage occurring in certain diseases of
these tissues, in which they acquire an unnatural density, and come
to resemble ivory.

EBURNEAN
E*bur"ne*an, a. Etym: [L. eburneus, fr. ebur ivory. See Ivory.]

Defn: Made of or relating to ivory.

EBURNIFICATION
E*bur`ni*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. eburnus of ivory (fr. ebur ivory) +
facere to make.]

Defn: The conversion of certain substances into others which have the
appearance or characteristics of ivory.

EBURNINE
Eb"ur*nine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ivory. "[She] read from tablet eburnine."
Sir W. Scott.

ECARDINES
E*car"di*nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. e out, without + cardo a
hinge.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Brachiopoda; the Lyopomata. See Brachiopoda.

ECARTE
É`car`té", n. Etym: [F., prop. fr. écarter to reject, discard.]

Defn: A game at cards, played usually by two persons, in which the
players may discard any or all of the cards dealt and receive others
from the pack.

ECAUDATE
E*cau"date, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + caudate.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Without a tail or spur.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Tailless.

ECBALLIUM
Ec*bal"li*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Ecbole.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of cucurbitaceous plants consisting of the single
species Ecballium agreste (or Elaterium), the squirting cucumber. Its
fruit, when ripe, bursts and violently ejects its seeds, together
with a mucilaginous juice, from which elaterium, a powerful cathartic
medicine, is prepared.

ECBASIS
Ec"ba*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure in which the orator treats of things according to
their events consequences.

ECBATIC
Ec*bat"ic, a. Etym: [See Ecbasis.] (Gram.)

Defn: Denoting a mere result or consequence, as distinguished from
telic, which denotes intention or purpose; thus the phrase so that it
was fulfilled," is ecbatic; if rendered "in order that it might be."
etc., is telic.

ECBOLE
Ec"bo*le, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A digression in which a person is introduced speaking his own
words.

ECBOLIC
Ec*bol"ic, n. Etym: [See Ecbole.] (Med.)

Defn: A drug, as ergot, which by exciting uterine contractions
promotes the expulsion of the contents of the uterus.

ECBOLINE
Ec"bo*line (; 104), n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid constituting the active principle of ergot; -- so
named from its power of producing abortion.

ECCALEOBION
Ec`ca*le*o"bi*on, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A contrivance for hatching eggs by artificial heat.

ECCE HOMO
Ec"ce ho"mo. Etym: [L., behold the man. See John xix. 5.] (Paint.)

Defn: A picture which represents the Savior as given up to the people
by Pilate, and wearing a crown of thorns.

ECCENTRIC
Ec*cen"tric, a. Etym: [F. excentrique, formerly also spelled
eccentrique, fr. LL. eccentros out of the center, eccentric, Gr. Ex-,
and Center, and cf. Excentral.]

1. Deviating or departing from the center, or from the line of a
circle; as, an eccentric or elliptical orbit; pertaining to deviation
from the center or from true circular motion.

2. Not having the same center; -- said of circles, ellipses, spheres,
etc., which, though coinciding, either in whole or in part, as to
area or volume, have not the same center; -- opposed to concentric.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: Pertaining to an eccentric; as, the eccentric rod in a steam
engine.

4. Not coincident as to motive or end.
His own ends, which must needs be often eccentric to those of his
master. Bacon.

5. Deviating from stated methods, usual practice, or established
forms or laws; deviating from an appointed sphere or way; departing
from the usual course; irregular; anomalous; odd; as, eccentric
conduct. "This brave and eccentric young man." Macaulay.
He shines eccentric, like a comet's blaze. Savage.
Eccentric anomaly. (Astron.) See Anomaly.
 -- Eccentric chuck (Mach.), a lathe chuck so constructed that the
work held by it may be altered as to its center of motion, so as to
produce combinations of eccentric combinations of eccentric circles.
 -- Eccentric gear. (Mach.) (a) The whole apparatus, strap, and other
parts, by which the motion of an eccentric is transmitted, as in the
steam engine. (b) A cogwheel set to turn about an eccentric axis used
to give variable rotation.
 -- Eccentric hook or gab, a hook-shaped journal box on the end of an
eccentric rod, opposite the strap.
 -- Eccentric rod, the rod that connects as eccentric strap with any
part to be acted upon by the eccentric.
 -- Eccentric sheave, or Eccentric pulley, an eccentric.
 -- Eccentric strap, the ring, operating as a journal box, that
encircles and receives motion from an eccentric; -- called also
eccentric hoop.

Syn.
 -- Irregular; anomalous; singular; odd; peculiar; erratic;
idiosyncratic; strange; whimsical.

ECCENTRIC
Ec*cen"tric, n.

1. A circle not having the same center as another contained in some
measure within the first.

2. One who, or that which, deviates from regularity; an anomalous or
irregular person or thing.

3. (Astron.)
(a) In the Ptolemaic system, the supposed circular orbit of a planet
about the earth, but with the earth not in its center.
(b) A circle described about the center of an elliptical orbit, with
half the major axis for radius. Hutton.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: A disk or wheel so arranged upon a shaft that the center of the
wheel and that of the shaft do not coincide. It is used for operating
valves in steam engines, and for other purposes. The motion derived
is precisely that of a crank having the same throw. Back eccentric,
the eccentric that reverses or backs the valve gear and the engine.
 -- Fore eccentric, the eccentric that imparts a forward motion to
the valve gear and the engine.

ECCENTRICAL
Ec*cen"tric*al, a.

Defn: See Eccentric.

ECCENTRICALLY
Ec*cen"tric*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an eccentric manner.
Drove eccentrically here and there. Lew Wallace.

ECCENTRICITY
Ec`cen*tric"i*ty, n.; pl. Eccentricities. Etym: [Cf. F.
excentricité.]

1. The state of being eccentric; deviation from the customary line of
conduct; oddity.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The ratio of the distance between the center and the focus of
an ellipse or hyperbola to its semi-transverse axis.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: The ratio of the distance of the center of the orbit of a
heavenly body from the center of the body round which it revolves to
the semi-transverse axis of the orbit.

4. (Mech.)

Defn: The distance of the center of figure of a body, as of an
eccentric, from an axis about which it turns; the throw.

ECCHYMOSE
Ec"chy*mose, v. t. (Med.)

Defn: To discolor by the production of an ecchymosis, or effusion of
blood, beneath the skin; -- chiefly used in the passive form; as, the
parts were much ecchymosed.

ECCHYMOSIS
Ec`chy*mo"sis, n.; pl. Ecchymoses (. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A livid or black and blue spot, produced by the extravasation
or effusion of blood into the areolar tissue from a contusion.

ECCHYMOTIC
Ec`chy*mot"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to ecchymosis.

ECCLE
Ec"cle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European green woodpecker; -- also called ecall, eaquall,
yaffle. [Prov. Eng.]

ECCLESIA
Ec*cle"si*a, n.; pl. Ecclesiæ (. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: The public legislative assembly of the Athenians.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A church, either as a body or as a building.

ECCLESIAL
Ec*cle"si*al, a.

Defn: Ecclesiastical. [Obs.] Milton.

ECCLESIARCH
Ec*cle"si*arch, n. Etym: [LL. ecclesiarcha, fr. Gr. ecclésiarque.]

Defn: An official of the Eastern Church, resembling a sacrist in the
Western Church.

ECCLESIAST
Ec*cle"si*ast, n.

1. An ecclesiastic. Chaucer.

2. The Apocryphal book of Ecclesiasticus. [Obs.]

ECCLESIASTES
Ec*cle`si*as"tes, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Ecclesiastic, a.]

Defn: One of the canonical books of the Old Testament.

ECCLESIASTIC
Ec*cle`si*as"tic, a. Etym: [L. ecclesiasticus, Gr. Ex-, and Hale, v.
t., Haul.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the church. See Ecclesiastical.
"Ecclesiastic government." Swift.

ECCLESIASTIC
Ec*cle`si*as"tic, n.

Defn: A person in holy orders, or consecrated to the service of the
church and the ministry of religion; a clergyman; a priest.
From a humble ecclesiastic, he was subsequently preferred to the
highest dignities of the church. Prescott.

ECCLESIASTICAL
Ec*cle`si*as"tic*al, a. Etym: [See Ecclesiastical, a.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the church; relating to the organization or
government of the church; not secular; as, ecclesiastical affairs or
history; ecclesiastical courts.
Every circumstance of ecclesiastical order and discipline was an
abomination. Cowper.
Ecclesiastical commissioners for England, a permanent commission
established by Parliament in 1836, to consider and report upon the
affairs of the Established Church.
 -- Ecclesiastical courts, courts for maintaining the discipline of
the Established Church; -- called also Christian courts. [Eng.] --
Ecclesiastical law, a combination of civil and canon law as
administered in ecclesiastical courts. [Eng.] -- Ecclesiastical modes
(Mus.), the church modes, or the scales anciently used.
 -- Ecclesiastical States, the territory formerly subject to the Pope
of Rome as its temporal ruler; -- called also States of the Church.

ECCLESIASTICALLY
Ec*cle`si*as"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ecclesiastical manner; according ecclesiastical rules.

ECCLESIASTICISM
Ec*cle`si*as"ti*cism, n.

Defn: Strong attachment to ecclesiastical usages, forms, etc.

ECCLESIASTICUS
Ec*cle`si*as"ti*cus, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A book of the Apocrypha.

ECCLESIOLOGICAL
Ec*cle`si*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Belonging to ecclesiology.

ECCLESIOLOGIST
Ec*cle`si*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in ecclesiology.

ECCLESIOLOGY
Ec*cle`si*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Ecclesia + -logy.]

Defn: The science or theory of church building and decoration.

ECCRITIC
Ec*crit"ic, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A remedy which promotes discharges, as an emetic, or a
cathartic.

ECDERON
Ec"der*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: See Ecteron.
 -- Ec`der*on"ic, a.

ECDYSIS
Ec"dy*sis, n.; pl. Ecdyses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`kdysis a getting
out, fr. 'ekdy`ein, to put off; 'ek out + dy`ein to enter.] (Biol.)

Defn: The act of shedding, or casting off, an outer cuticular layer,
as in the case of serpents, lobsters, etc.; a coming out; as, the
ecdysis of the pupa from its shell; exuviation.

ECGONINE
Ec"go*nine (; 104), n. Etym: [Gr. 'e`kgonos sprung from.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, crystalline, nitrogenous base, obtained by the
decomposition of cocaine.

ECHAUGUETTE
(), n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A small chamber or place of protection for a sentinel, usually
in the form of a projecting turret, or the like. See Castle.

ECHE
Ech"e, a. or a. pron.

Defn: Each. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ECHELON
Ech"e*lon, n. Etym: [F., fr. échelle ladder, fr. L. scala.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: An arrangement of a body of troops when its divisions are drawn
up in parallel lines each to the right or the left of the one in
advance of it, like the steps of a ladder in position for climbing.
Also used adjectively; as, echelon distance. Upton (Tactics).

2. (Naval)

Defn: An arrangement of a fleet in a wedge or Encyc. Dict. Echelon
lens (Optics), a large lens constructed in several parts or layers,
extending in a succession of annular rings beyond the central lens; -
- used in lighthouses.

ECHELON
Ech"e*lon, v. t. (Mil.)

Defn: To place in echelon; to station divisions of troops in echelon.

ECHELON
Ech"e*lon, v. i.

Defn: To take position in echelon.
Change direction to the left, echelon by battalion from the right.
Upton (Tactics).

ECHIDNA
E*chid"na, n. Etym: [L., a viper, adder, Gr.

1. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: A monster, half maid and half serpent.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Monotremata found in Australia, Tasmania, and New
Guinea. They are toothless and covered with spines; -- called also
porcupine ant-eater, and Australian ant-eater.

ECHIDNINE
E*chid"nine (; 104), n. Etym: [See Echidna.] (Chem.)

Defn: The clear, viscid fluid secreted by the poison glands of
certain serpents; also, a nitrogenous base contained in this, and
supposed to be the active poisonous principle of the virus. Brande &
C.

ECHINATE; ECHINATED
Ech"i*nate, Ech"i*na`ted, a. Etym: [L. echinatus. See Echinus.]

Defn: Set with prickles; prickly, like a hedgehog; bristled; as, an
echinated pericarp.

ECHINID
E*chi"nid, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Echinoid.

ECHINIDAN
E*chin"i*dan, n. Etym: [Cf. F. échinide.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One the Echinoidea.

ECHINITAL
E*chin"i*tal, a.

Defn: Of, or like, an echinite.

ECHINITE
Ech"i*nite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. échinite. See Echinus.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil echinoid.

ECHINOCOCCUS
E*chi`no*coc"cus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A parasite of man and of many domestic and wild animals,
forming compound cysts or tumors (called hydatid cysts) in various
organs, but especially in the liver and lungs, which often cause
death. It is the larval stage of the Tænia echinococcus, a small
tapeworm peculiar to the dog.

ECHINODERM
E*chin"o*derm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Echinodermata.

ECHINODERMAL
E*chi`no*der"mal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Relating or belonging to the echinoderms.

ECHINODERMATA
E*chi`no*der"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom. By many
writers it was formerly included in the Radiata. [Written also
Echinoderma.]

Note: The species usually have an exterior calcareous skeleton, or
shell, made of many pieces, and often covered with spines, to which
the name. They may be star-shaped, cylindrical, disk-shaped, or more
or less spherical. The body consists of several similar parts
(spheromeres) repeated symmetrically around a central axis, at one
end of which the mouth is situated. They generally have suckers for
locomotion. The group includes the following classes: Crinoidea,
Asterioidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothurioidea. See these
words in the Vocabulary, and also Ambulacrum.

ECHINODERMATOUS
E*chi`no*der"ma*tous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Relating to Echinodermata; echinodermal.

ECHINOID
E*chi"noid, a. Etym: [Echinus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Echinoidea.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Echinoidea.

ECHINOIDEA
Ech`i*noi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Echinus, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The class Echinodermata which includes the sea urchins. They
have a calcareous, usually more or less spheroidal or disk-shaped,
composed of many united plates, and covered with movable spines. See
Spatangoid, Clypeastroid. [Written also Echinidea, and Echinoida.]

ECHINOZOA
E*chi`no*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Echinodermata.

ECHINULATE
E*chin"u*late, a. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Set with small spines or prickles.

ECHINUS
E*chi"nus, n.; pl. Echini. Etym: [L., a hedgehog, sea urchin, Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hedgehog.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of echinoderms, including the common edible sea urchin
of Europe.

3. (Arch.)
(a) The rounded molding forming the bell of the capital of the
Grecian Doric style, which is of a peculiar elastic curve. See
Entablature.
(b) The quarter-round molding (ovolo) of the Roman Doric style. See
Illust. of Column
(c) A name sometimes given to the egg and anchor or egg and dart
molding, because that ornament is often identified with Roman Doric
capital. The name probably alludes to the shape of the shell of the
sea urchin.

ECHIUROIDEA
Ech`i*u*roi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. echiurus, the name of one
genus (Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Annelida which includes the genus Echiurus and
allies. They are often classed among the Gephyrea, and called the
armed Gephyreans.

ECHO
Ech"o, n.; pl. Echoes. Etym: [L. echo, Gr. va to sound, bellow; perh.
akin to E. voice: cf. F. écho.]

1. A sound reflected from an opposing surface and repeated to the ear
of a listener; repercussion of sound; repetition of a sound.
The babbling echo mocks the hounds. Shak.
The woods shall answer, and the echo ring. Pope.

2. Fig.: Sympathetic recognition; response; answer.
Fame is the echo of actions, resounding them. Fuller.
Many kind, and sincere speeches found an echo in his heart. R. L.
Stevenson.

3.
(a) (Myth. & Poetic) A wood or mountain nymph, regarded as repeating,
and causing the reverberation of them.
Sweet Echo, sweetest nymph, that liv'st unseen Within thy airy shell.
Milton.
(b) (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: A nymph, the daughter of Air and Earth, who, for love of
Narcissus, pined away until nothing was left of her but her voice.
Compelled me to awake the courteous Echo To give me answer from her
mossy couch. Milton.
Echo organ (Mus.), a set organ pipes inclosed in a box so as to
produce a soft, distant effect; -- generally superseded by the swell.
 -- Echo stop (Mus.), a stop upon a harpsichord contrived for
producing the soft effect of distant sound.
 -- To applaud to the echo, to give loud and continuous applause. M.
Arnold.
I would applaud thee to the very echo, That should applaud again.
Shak.

ECHO
Ech"o, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Echoed; p. pr. & vb. n. Echoing.
 -- 3d pers. sing. pres. Echoes (.]

1. To send back (a sound); to repeat in sound; to reverberate.
Those peals are echoed by the Trojan throng. Dryden.
The wondrous sound Is echoed on forever. Keble.

2. To repeat with assent; to respond; to adopt.
They would have echoed the praises of the men whom they Macaulay.

ECHO
Ech"o, v. i.

Defn: To give an echo; to resound; to be sounded back; as, the hall
echoed with acclamations. "Echoing noise." Blackmore.

ECHOER
Ech"o*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, echoes.

ECHOLESS
Ech"o*less, a.

Defn: Without echo or response.

ECHOMETER
E*chom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. échomètre.] (Mus)

Defn: A graduated scale for measuring the duration of sounds, and
determining their different, and the relation of their intervals. J.
J. Rousseau.

ECHOMETRY
E*chom"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. échométrie.]

1. The art of measuring the duration of sounds or echoes.

2. The art of constructing vaults to produce echoes.

ECHON; ECHOON
Ech*on", Ech*oon", pron.

Defn: Each one. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ECHOPATHY
E*chop"a*thy, n.  [Echo + -pathy, as in homeopathy.] (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition characterized by automatic and purposeless
repetition of words or imitation of actions.

ECHOSCOPE
Ech"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Med.)

Defn: An instrument for intensifying sounds produced by percussion of
the thorax. Knight.

ECLAIR
e`clair", n. Etym: [F.] (Cookery)

Defn: A kind of frosted cake, containing flavored cream.

ECLAIRCISE
E*clair"cise, v. t. Etym: [F. éclaircir; pref. es- (L. ex) + clair
clear, L. clarus.]

Defn: To make clear; to clear up what is obscure or not understood;
to explain.

ECLAIRCISSEMENT
E*clair"cisse*ment, n. Etym: [F., fr. éclaircir. See Eclaircise, v.
t.]

Defn: The clearing up of anything which is obscure or not easily
understood; an explanation.
The eclaircissement ended in the discovery of the informer.
Clarendon.

ECLAMPSIA
Ec*lamp"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A fancied perception of flashes of light, a symptom of
epilepsy; hence, epilepsy itself; convulsions.

Note: The term is generally restricted to a convulsive affection
attending pregnancy and parturition, and to infantile convulsions.

ECLAMPSY
Ec*lamp"sy, n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Eclampsia.

ECLAT
E*clat", n. Etym: [F. éclat a fragment, splinter, explosion,
brilliancy, splendor, fr. éclater to splinter, burst, explode, shine
brilliantly, prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. sleizan to slit, split,
fr. slizan, G. schleissen; akin to E. slit.]

1. Brilliancy of success or effort; splendor; brilliant show;
striking effect; glory; renown. "The eclat of Homer's battles." Pope.

2. Demonstration of admiration and approbation; applause. Prescott.

ECLECTIC
Ec*lec"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. éclectique. See Eclogue, and cf. Elect.]

1. Selecting; choosing (what is true or excellent in doctrines,
opinions, etc.) from various sources or systems; as, an eclectic
philosopher.

2. Consisting, or made up, of what is chosen or selected; as, an
eclectic method; an eclectic magazine. Eclectic physician, one of a
class of practitioners of medicine, who select their modes of
practice and medicines from all schools; formerly, sometimes the same
as botanic physician. [U.S.] -- Eclectic school. (Paint.) See
Bolognese school, under Bolognese.

ECLECTIC
Ec*lec"tic, n.

Defn: One who follows an eclectic method.

ECLECTICALLY
Ec*lec"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an eclectic manner; by an eclectic method.

ECLECTICISM
Ec*lec"ti*cism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. éclecticisme. Cf. Electicism.]

Defn: Theory or practice of an eclectic.

ECLEGM
Ec*legm", n. Etym: [F. éclegme, L. ecligma, fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine made by mixing oils with sirups. John Quincy.

ECLIPSE
E*clipse", n. Etym: [F. éclipse, L. eclipsis, fr. Gr. Ex-, and Loan.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: An interception or obscuration of the light of the sun, moon,
or other luminous body, by the intervention of some other body,
either between it and the eye, or between the luminous body and that
illuminated by it. A lunar eclipse is caused by the moon passing
through the earth's shadow; a solar eclipse, by the moon coming
between the sun and the observer. A satellite is eclipsed by entering
the shadow of its primary. The obscuration of a planet or star by the
moon or a planet, though of the nature of an eclipse, is called an
occultation. The eclipse of a small portion of the sun by Mercury or
Venus is called a transit of the planet.

Note: In ancient times, eclipses were, and among unenlightened people
they still are, superstitiously regarded as forerunners of evil
fortune, a sentiment of which occasional use is made in literature.
That fatal and perfidious bark, Built in the eclipse, and rigged with
curses dark. Milton.

2. The loss, usually temporary or partial, of light, brilliancy,
luster, honor, consciousness, etc.; obscuration; gloom; darkness.
All the posterity of our fist parents suffered a perpetual eclipse of
spiritual life. Sir W. Raleigh.
As in the soft and sweet eclipse, When soul meets soul on lovers'
lips. Shelley.
Annular eclipse. (Astron.) See under Annular.
 -- Cycle of eclipses. See under Cycle.

ECLIPSE
E*clipse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eclipsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Eclipsing.]

1. To cause the obscuration of; to darken or hide; -- said of a
heavenly body; as, the moon eclipses the sun.

2. To obscure, darken, or extinguish the beauty, luster, honor, etc.,
of; to sully; to cloud; to throw into the shade by surpassing. "His
eclipsed state." Dryden.
My joy of liberty is half eclipsed. Shak.

ECLIPSE
E*clipse", v. i.

Defn: To suffer an eclipse.
While the laboring moon Eclipses at their charms. Milton.

ECLIPTIC
E*clip"tic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. écliptique, L. linea ecliptica, Gr.
Ecliptic, a.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: A great circle of the celestial sphere, making an angle with
the equinoctial of about 23º 28'. It is the apparent path of the sun,
or the real path of the earth as seen from the sun.

2. (Geog.)

Defn: A great circle drawn on a terrestrial globe, making an angle of
23º 28' with the equator; -- used for illustrating and solving
astronomical problems.

ECLIPTIC
E*clip"tic, a. Etym: [L. eclipticus belonging to an eclipse, Gr.
Eclipse.]

1. Pertaining to the ecliptic; as, the ecliptic way.

2. Pertaining to an eclipse or to eclipses. Lunar ecliptic limit
(Astron.), the space of 12º on the moon's orbit from the node, within
which, if the moon happens to be at full, it will be eclipsed.
 -- Solar ecliptic limit, the space of 17º from the lunar node,
within which, if a conjunction of the sun and moon occur, the sun
will be eclipsed.

ECLOGITE
Ec"lo*gite, n. Etym: [See Ecloque.] (Min.)

Defn: A rock consisting of granular red garnet, light green
smaragdite, and common hornblende; -- so called in reference to its
beauty.

ECLOGUE
Ec"logue, n. Etym: [L. ecloga, Gr. égloque, écloque. See Ex-, and
Legend.]

Defn: A pastoral poem, in which shepherds are introduced conversing
with each other; a bucolic; an idyl; as, the Ecloques of Virgil, from
which the modern usage of the word has been established.

ECONOMIC; ECONOMICAL
E`co*nom"ic, E`co*nom"ic*al, a. Etym: [F. économique, L. oeconomicus
orderly, methodical, Gr. Economy.]

1. Pertaining to the household; domestic. "In this economical
misfortune [of ill-assorted matrimony.]" Milton.

2. Relating to domestic economy, or to the management of household
affairs.
And doth employ her economic art And busy care, her household to
preserve. Sir J. Davies.

3. Managing with frugality; guarding against waste or unnecessary
expense; careful and frugal in management and in expenditure; -- said
of character or habits.
Just rich enough, with economic care, To save a pittance. Harte.

4. Managed with frugality; not marked with waste or extravagance;
frugal; -- said of acts; saving; as, an economical use of money or of
time.

5. Relating to the means of living, or the resources and wealth of a
country; relating to political economy; as, economic purposes;
economical truths.
These matters economical and political. J. C. Shairp.
There was no economical distress in England to prompt the enterprises
of colonization. Palfrey.
Economic questions, such as money, usury, taxes, lands, and the
employment of the people. H. C. Baird.

6. Regulative; relating to the adaptation of means to an end. Grew.

Note: Economical is the usual form when meaning frugal, saving;
economic is the form commonly used when meaning pertaining to the
management of a household, or of public affairs.

ECONOMICALLY
E`co*nom"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: With economy; with careful management; with prudence in
expenditure.

ECONOMICS
E`co*nom"ics, n. Etym: [Gr. Economic.]

1. The science of household affairs, or of domestic management.

2. Political economy; the science of the utilities or the useful
application of wealth or material resources. See Political economy,
under Political. "In politics and economics." V. Knox.

ECONOMIST
E*con"o*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. économiste.]

1. One who economizes, or manages domestic or other concerns with
frugality; one who expends money, time, or labor, judiciously, and
without waste. "Economists even to parsimony." Burke.

2. One who is conversant with political economy; a student of
economics.

ECONOMIZATION
E*con`o*mi*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or practice of using to the best effect. [R.] H.
Spenser.

ECONOMIZE
E*con"o*mize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Economized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Economizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. économiser.]

Defn: To manage with economy; to use with prudence; to expend with
frugality; as, to economize one's income. [Written also economise.]
Expenses in the city were to be economized. Jowett (Thucyd. ).
Calculating how to economize time. W. Irving.

ECONOMIZE
E*con"o*mize, v. i.

Defn: To be prudently sparing in expenditure; to be frugal and
saving; as, to economize in order to grow rich. [Written also
economise.] Milton.

ECONOMIZER
E*con"o*mi`zer, n.

1. One who, or that which, economizes.

2. Specifically: (Steam Boilers) An arrangement of pipes for heating
feed water by waste heat in the gases passing to the chimney.

ECONOMY
E*con"o*my, n.; pl. Economies. Etym: [F. économie, L. oeconomia
household management, fr. Gr. vicus village, E. vicinity) + Vicinity,
Nomad.]

1. The management of domestic affairs; the regulation and government
of household matters; especially as they concern expense or
disbursement; as, a careful economy.
Himself busy in charge of the household economies. Froude.

2. Orderly arrangement and management of the internal affairs of a
state or of any establishment kept up by production and consumption;
esp., such management as directly concerns wealth; as, political
economy.

3. The system of rules and regulations by which anything is managed;
orderly system of regulating the distribution and uses of parts,
conceived as the result of wise and economical adaptation in the
author, whether human or divine; as, the animal or vegetable economy;
the economy of a poem; the Jewish economy.
The position which they [the verb and adjective] hold in the general
economy of language. Earle.
In the Greek poets, as also in Plautus, we shall see the economy . .
. of poems better observed than in Terence. B. Jonson.
The Jews already had a Sabbath, which, as citizens and subjects of
that economy, they were obliged to keep. Paley.

4. Thrifty and frugal housekeeping; management without loss or waste;
frugality in expenditure; prudence and disposition to save; as, a
housekeeper accustomed to economy but not to parsimony. Political
economy. See under Political.

Syn.
 -- Economy, Frugality, Parsimony. Economy avoids all waste and
extravagance, and applies money to the best advantage; frugality cuts
off indulgences, and proceeds on a system of saving. The latter
conveys the idea of not using or spending superfluously, and is
opposed to lavishness or profusion. Frugality is usually applied to
matters of consumption, and commonly points to simplicity of manners;
parsimony is frugality carried to an extreme, involving meanness of
spirit, and a sordid mode of living. Economy is a virtue, and
parsimony a vice.

I have no other notion of economy than that it is the parent to
liberty and ease. Swift.
The father was more given to frugality, and the son to riotousness
[luxuriousness]. Golding.

ECORCHE
(), n. Etym: [F.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: A manikin, or image, representing an animal, especially man,
with the skin removed so that the muscles are exposed for purposes of
study.

ECOSSAISE
e`cos`saise", n. Etym: [F.] (Mus.)

Defn: A dancing tune in the Scotch style.

ECOSTATE
E*cos"tate, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + costate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having no ribs or nerves; -- said of a leaf.

ECOUTE
e`coute", n. Etym: [F., a listening place.] (Mil.)

Defn: One of the small galleries run out in front of the glacis. They
serve to annoy the enemy's miners.

ECPHASIS
Ec"pha*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: An explicit declaration.

ECPHONEMA
Ec`pho*ne"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A breaking out with some interjectional particle.

ECPHONEME
Ec"pho*neme, n. Etym: [See Ecphonema.]

Defn: A mark (!) used to indicate an exclamation. G. Brown.

ECPHONESIS
Ec`pho*ne"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Ecphonema.] (Rhet.)

Defn: An animated or passionate exclamation.
The feelings by the ecphonesis are very various. Gibbs.

ECPHRACTIC
Ec*phrac"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. ecphractique.] (Med.)

Defn: Serving to dissolve or attenuate viscid matter, and so to
remove obstructions; deobstruent.
 -- n.

Defn: An ecphractic medicine. Harvey.

ECRASEMENT
e`crase`ment", n. Etym: [F.] (Surg.)

Defn: The operation performed with an écraseur.

ECRASEUR
e`cra`seur", n. Etym: [F., fr. écraser to crush.] (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument intended to replace the knife in many operations,
the parts operated on being severed by the crushing effect produced
by the gradual tightening of a steel chain, so that hemorrhage rarely
follows.

ECRU
e`cru", a. Etym: [F., fr. L. crudus raw.]

Defn: Having the color or appearance of unbleached stuff, as silk,
linen, or the like.

ECSTASY
Ec"sta*sy, n.; pl. Ecstasies. Etym: [F. extase, L. ecstasis, fr. Gr.
Ex-, and Stand.] [Also written extasy.]

1. The state of being beside one's self or rapt out of one's self; a
state in which the mind is elevated above the reach of ordinary
impressions, as when under the influence of overpowering emotion; an
extraordinary elevation of the spirit, as when the soul, unconscious
of sensible objects, is supposed to contemplate heavenly mysteries.
Like a mad prophet in an ecstasy. Dryden.
This is the very ecstasy of love. Shak.

2. Excessive and overmastering joy or enthusiasm; rapture;
enthusiastic delight.
He on the tender grass Would sit, and hearken even to ecstasy.
Milton.

3. Violent distraction of mind; violent emotion; excessive grief of
anxiety; insanity; madness. [Obs.]
That unmatched form and feature of blown youth Blasted with ecstasy.
Shak.
Our words will but increase his ecstasy. Marlowe.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A state which consists in total suspension of sensibility, of
voluntary motion, and largely of mental power. The body is erect and
inflexible; the pulsation and breathing are not affected. Mayne.

ECSTASY
Ec"sta*sy, v. t.

Defn: To fill ecstasy, or with rapture or enthusiasm. [Obs.]
The most ecstasied order of holy . . . spirits. Jer. Taylor.

ECSTATIC
Ec*stat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. extatique. See Ecstasy, n.]

1. Pertaining to, or caused by, ecstasy or excessive emotion; of the
nature, or in a state, of ecstasy; as, ecstatic gaze; ecstatic
trance.
This ecstatic fit of love and jealousy. Hammond.

2. Delightful beyond measure; rapturous; ravishing; as, ecstatic
bliss or joy.

ECSTATIC
Ec*stat"ic, n.

Defn: An enthusiast. [R.] Gauden.

ECSTATICAL
Ec*stat"ic*al, a.

1. Ecstatic. Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. Tending to external objects. [R.] Norris.

ECSTATICALLY
Ec*stat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Rapturously; ravishingly.

ECT-; ECTO-
Ect-, Ec"to-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form signifying without, outside, external.

ECTAD
Ec"tad, adv. Etym: [Ect- + L. ad towards.] (Anat.)

Defn: Toward the outside or surface; -- opposed to entad. B. G.
Wilder.

ECTAL
Ec"tal, a. Etym: [See Ect-.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or situated near, the surface; outer; -- opposed
to ental. B. G. Wilder.

ECTASIA
Ec*ta"si*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Ectasis.] (Med.)

Defn: A dilatation of a hollow organ or of a canal.

ECTASIS
Ec"ta*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Pros.)

Defn: The lengthening of a syllable from short to long.

ECTENTAL
Ec*ten"tal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to, or connected with, the two primitive germ layers,
the ectoderm and ectoderm; as, the "ectental line" or line of
juncture of the two layers in the segmentation of the ovum. C. S.
Minot.

ECTERON
Ec"ter*on, n. Etym: [See Ect-.] (Anat.)

Defn: The external layer of the skin and mucous membranes;
epithelium; ecderon.
 -- Ec`ter*on"ic, a.

ECTETHMOID
Ec*teth"moid, a. Etym: [Ect- + ethmoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: External to the ethmoid; prefrontal.

ECTHLIPSIS
Ec*thlip"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. The dropping out or suppression from a word of a consonant, with
or without a vowel.

2. (Lat. Pros.)

Defn: The elision of a final m, with the preceding vowel, before a
word beginning with a vowel.

ECTHOREUM
Ec`tho*re"um, n.; pl. Ecthorea. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The slender, hollow thread of a nettling cell or cnida. See
Nettling cell. [Written also ecthoræum.]

ECTHYMA
Ec*thy"ma, n.; pl. Ecthymata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A cutaneous eruption, consisting of large, round pustules, upon
an indurated and inflamed base. Dunglison.

ECTO-
Ec"to-.

Defn: See Ect-.

ECTOBLAST
Ec"to*blast, n. Etym: [Ecto- + Gr. (Biol.)
(a) The outer layer of the blastoderm; the epiblast; the ectoderm.
(b) The outer envelope of a cell; the cell wall. Agassiz.

ECTOBRONCHIUM
Ec`to*bron"chi*um, n.; pl. Ectobronchia. Etym: [NL. See Ecto-, and
Bronchia.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the dorsal branches of the main bronchi in the lungs of
birds.

ECTOCUNERIFORM; ECTOCUNIFORM
Ec`to*cu*ne"ri*form, Ec`to*cu"ni*form, n. Etym: [Ecto- + cuneiform,
cuniform.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the bones of the tarsus. See Cuneiform.

ECTOCYST
Ec"to*cyst, n. Etym: [Ecto- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The outside covering of the Bryozoa.

ECTODERM
Ec"to*derm, n. Etym: [Ecto- + -derm.] (Biol.)
(a) The outer layer of the blastoderm; epiblast.
(b) The external skin or outer layer of an animal or plant, this
being formed in an animal from the epiblast. See Illust. of
Blastoderm.

ECTODERMAL; ECTODERMIC
Ec`to*der"mal, Ec`to*der"mic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or relating to the ectoderm.

ECTOLECITHAL
Ec`to*lec"i*thal, a. Etym: [Ecto- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Having the food yolk, at the commencement of segmentation, in a
peripheral position, and the cleavage process confined to the center
of the egg; as, ectolecithal ova.

ECTOMERE
Ec"to*mere, n. Etym: [Ecto- + -mere.] (Biol.)

Defn: The more transparent cells, which finally become external, in
many segmenting ova, as those of mammals.

ECTOPARASITE
Ec`to*par"a*site, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any parasite which lives on the exterior of animals; -- opposed
to endoparasite.
 -- Ec`to*par`a*sit"ic, a.

ECTOPIA
Ec*to"pi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid displacement of parts, especially such as is
congenial; as, ectopia of the heart, or of the bladder.

ECTOPIC
Ec*top"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Out of place; congenitally displaced; as, an ectopic organ.

ECTOPLASM
Ec"to*plasm, n. Etym: [Ecto- + Gr. (Biol.)
(a) The outer transparent layer of protoplasm in a developing ovum.
(b) The outer hyaline layer of protoplasm in a vegetable cell.
(c) The ectosarc of protozoan.

ECTOPLASTIC
Ec`to*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Ecto- + Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to, or composed of, ectoplasm.

ECTOPROCTA
Ec`to*proc"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Bryozoa in which the anus lies outside the circle
of tentacles.

ECTOPY
Ec"to*py, n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Ectopia.

ECTORGANISM
Ect*or"gan*ism, n. Etym: [Ect- + organism.] (Biol.)

Defn: An external parasitic organism.

ECTOSARC
Ec"to*sarc, n. Etym: [Ecto- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The semisolid external layer of protoplasm in some unicellular
organisms, as the amoeba; ectoplasm; exoplasm.

ECTOSTEAL
Ec*tos"te*al, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to ectostosis; as, ectosteal ossification.

ECTOSTOSIS
Ec`tos*to"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Ect-, and Ostosis.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A process of bone formation in which ossification takes place
in the perichondrium and either surrounds or gradually replaces the
cartilage.

ECTOZOIC
Ec`to*zo"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Epizoic.

ECTOZOON; ECTOZOOEN
Ec`to*zo"ön, n.; pl. Ectozoa. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Epizoön.

ECTROPION
Ec*tro"pi*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An unnatural eversion of the eyelids.

ECTROPIUM
Ec*tro"pi*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Same as Ectropion.

ECTROTIC
Ec*trot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Having a tendency to prevent the development of anything,
especially of a disease.

ECTYPAL
Ec"ty*pal, a. Etym: [L. ectypus worked in high relief, Gr. Type.]

Defn: Copied, reproduced as a molding or cast, in contradistinction
from the original model.

ECTYPE
Ec"type, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ectype. See Ectypal.]

1. (Classical Archæol.)
(a) A copy, as in pottery, of an artist's original work. Hence:
(b) A work sculptured in relief, as a cameo, or in bas-relief (in
this sense used loosely).

2. A copy from an original; a type of something that has previously
existed.
Some regarded him [Klopstock] as an ectype of the ancient prophets.
Eng. Cyc. .

ECTYPOGRAPHY
Ec`ty*pog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Ectype + -graphy.]

Defn: A method of etching in which the design upon the plate is
produced in relief.

ECUMENIC; ECUMENICAL
Ec`u*men"ic, Ec`u*men"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. oecumenicus, Gr. Economy.]

Defn: General; universal; in ecclesiastical usage, that which
concerns the whole church; as, an ecumenical council. [Written also
.] Ecumenical Bishop, a title assumed by the popes.
 -- Ecumenical council. See under Council.

ECURIE
Ec"u*rie, n. Etym: [F. See Equerry.]

Defn: A stable.

ECZEMA
Ec"ze*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`kzema; "ek out + zei^n to boil.]
(Med.)

Defn: An inflammatory disease of the skin, characterized by the
presence of redness and itching, an eruption of small vesicles, and
the discharge of a watery exudation, which often dries up, leaving
the skin covered with crusts; -- called also tetter, milk crust, and
salt rheum.

ECZEMATOUS
Ec*zem"a*tous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to eczema; having the characteristic of eczema.

-ED
-ed.

Defn: The termination of the past participle of regular, or weak,
verbs; also, of analogous participial adjectives from nouns; as,
pigmented; talented.

EDACIOUS
E*da"cious, a. Etym: [L. edax, edacis, fr. edere to eat.]

Defn: Given to eating; voracious; devouring.
Swallowed in the depths of edacious Time. Carlyle.
-- E*da"cious*ly, adv.
 -- E*da"cious*ness, n.

EDACITY
E*dac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. edacitas.]

Defn: Greediness; voracity; ravenousness; rapacity. Bacon.

EDAM; EDAM CHEESE
E"dam, n., or Edam cheese.

Defn: A Dutch pressed cheese of yellow color and fine flavor, made in
balls weighing three or four pounds, and usually colored crimson
outside; -- so called from the village of Edam, near Amsterdam. Also,
cheese of the same type, wherever made.

EDDA
Ed"da, n.; pl. Eddas. Etym: [Icel., lit. great-grandmother (i. e., of
Scandinavian poetry), so called by Bishop Brynjúlf Sveinsson, who
brought it again to light in 1643.]

Defn: The religious or mythological book of the old Scandinavian
tribes of German origin, containing two collections of Sagas
(legends, myths) of the old northern gods and heroes.

Note: There are two Eddas. The older, consisting of 39 poems, was
reduced to writing from oral tradition in Iceland between 1050 and
1133. The younger or prose Edda, called also the Edda of Snorri, is
the work of several writers, though usually ascribed to Snorri
Sturleson, who was born in 1178.

EDDAIC; EDDIC
Ed*da"ic, Ed"dic, a.

Defn: Relating to the Eddas; resembling the Eddas.

EDDER
Ed"der, n. Etym: [See Adder.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An adder or serpent. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

EDDER
Ed"der, n. Etym: [AS. edor hedge, fence; akin to etar.]

Defn: Flexible wood worked into the top of hedge stakes, to bind them
together. [Obs.] Tusser.

EDDER
Ed"der, v. t.

Defn: To bind the top interweaving edder; as, to edder a hedge.
[Obs.]

EDDISH
Ed"dish, n. Etym: [AS. edisc; cf. AS. pref. ed- again, anew. Cf.
Eddy, and Arrish.]

Defn: Aftermath; also, stubble and stubble field. See Arrish. [Eng.]

EDDOES
Ed"does, n. pl. (Bot.)

Defn: The tubers of Colocasia antiquorum. See Taro.

EDDY
Ed"dy, n.; pl. Eddies. Etym: [Prob. fr. Icel. i; cf. Icel. pref. i
back, AS. ed-, OS. idug-, OHG. ita-; Goth. id-.]

1. A current of air or water running back, or in a direction contrary
to the main current.

2. A current of water or air moving in a circular direction; a
whirlpool.
And smiling eddies dimpled on the main. Dryden.
Wheel through the air, in circling eddies play. Addison.

Note: Used also adjectively; as, eddy winds. Dryden.

EDDY
Ed"dy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Eddied; p. pr. & vb. n. Eddying.]

Defn: To move as an eddy, or as in an eddy; to move in a circle.
Eddying round and round they sink. Wordsworth.

EDDY
Ed"dy, v. t.

Defn: To collect as into an eddy. [R.]
The circling mountains eddy in From the bare wild the dissipated
storm. Thomson.

EDDY CURRENT
Ed"dy cur"rent. (Elec.)

Defn: An induced electric current circulating wholly within a mass of
metal; -- called also Foucault current.

EDDY KITE
Ed"dy kite. Called also Malay kite. [After William A. Eddy, American
kite expert.]

Defn: A quadrilateral, tailless kite, with convex surfaces exposed to
the wind. This kite was extensively used by Eddy in his famous
meteorological experiments. It is now generally superseded by the box
kite.

EDELWEISS
E"del*weiss, n. Etym: [G., fr. edel noble + weiss white.] (Bot.)

Defn: A little, perennial, white, woolly plant (Leontopodium
alpinum), growing at high elevations in the Alps.

EDEMA
E*de"ma, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Same as oedema.

EDEMATOUS; EDEMATOSE
E*de"ma*tous, or E*de"ma*tose`, a. (Med.)

Defn: Same as oedematous.

EDEN
E"den, n. Etym: [Heb. eden delight, pleasure; also, a place of
pleasure, Eden.]

Defn: The garden where Adam and Eve first dwelt; hence, a delightful
region or residence.

EDENIC
E*den"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Eden; paradisaic. "Edenic joys." Mrs.
Browning.

EDENITE
E"den*ite, n. Etym: [From Edenville, N. Y.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of amphibole. See Amphibole.

EDENIZED
E"den*ized, a.

Defn: Admitted to a state of paradisaic happiness. [R.] Davies (Wit's
Pilgr. ).

EDENTAL
E*den"tal, a.

Defn: See Edentate, a.
 -- n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Edentata.

EDENTALOUS
E*den"tal*ous, a.

Defn: See Edentate, a.

EDENTATA
E`den*ta"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., neut. pl. from L. edentatus, p. p. of
edentare to render toothless; e out + dens, dentis, tooth.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of mammals including the armadillos, sloths, and
anteaters; -- called also Bruta. The incisor teeth are rarely
developed, and in some groups all the teeth are lacking.

EDENTATE
E*den"tate, a.

1. Destitute of teeth; as, an edentate quadruped; an edentate leaf.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Edentata.

EDENTATE
E*den"tate, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Edentata.

EDENTATED
E*den`ta*ted, a.

Defn: Same as Edentate, a.

EDENTATION
E`den*ta"tion, n.

Defn: A depriving of teeth. [R.] Cockeram.

EDENTULOUS
E*den"tu*lous, a. Etym: [L. edentulus; e out + dens, dentis, tooth.]

Defn: Toothless.

EDGE
Edge, n. Etym: [OE. eg, egge, AS. ecg; akin to OHG. ekka, G. ecke,
Icel. & Sw. egg, Dan. eg, and to L. acies, Gr. a edge. Egg, v. t.,
Eager, Ear spike of corn, Acute.]

1. The thin cutting side of the blade of an instrument; as, the edge
of an ax, knife, sword, or scythe. Hence, figuratively, that which
cuts as an edge does, or wounds deeply, etc.
He which hath the sharp sword with two edges. Rev. ii. 12.
Slander, Whose edge is sharper than the sword. Shak.

2. Any sharp terminating border; a margin; a brink; extreme verge;
as, the edge of a table, a precipice.
Upon the edge of yonder coppice. Shak.
In worst extremes, and on the perilous edge Of battle. Milton.
Pursue even to the very edge of destruction. Sir W. Scott.

3. Sharpness; readiness of fitness to cut; keenness; intenseness of
desire.
The full edge of our indignation. Sir W. Scott.
Death and persecution lose all the ill that they can have, if we do
not set an edge upon them by our fears and by our vices. Jer. Taylor.

4. The border or part adjacent to the line of division; the beginning
or early part; as, in the edge of evening. "On the edge of winter."
Milton. Edge joint (Carp.), a joint formed by two edges making a
corner.
 -- Edge mill, a crushing or grinding mill in which stones roll
around on their edges, on a level circular bed; -- used for ore, and
as an oil mill. Called also Chilian mill.
 -- Edge molding (Arch.), a molding whose section is made up of two
curves meeting in an angle.
 -- Edge plane. (a) (Carp.) A plane for edging boards. (b)
(Shoemaking) A plane for edging soles.
 -- Edge play, a kind of swordplay in which backswords or cutlasses
are used, and the edge, rather than the point, is employed.
 -- Edge rail. (Railroad) (a) A rail set on edge; -- applied to a
rail of more depth than width. (b) A guard rail by the side of the
main rail at a switch. Knight.
 -- Edge railway, a railway having the rails set on edge.
 -- Edge stone, a curbstone.
 -- Edge tool. (a) Any tool instrument having a sharp edge intended
for cutting. (b) A tool for forming or dressing an edge; an edging
tool.
 -- To be on edge, to be eager, impatient, or anxious.
 -- To set the teeth on edge, to cause a disagreeable tingling
sensation in the teeth, as by bringing acids into contact with them.
Bacon.

EDGE
Edge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Edged; p. pr. & vb. n. Edging.]

1. To furnish with an edge as a tool or weapon; to sharpen.
To edge her champion's sword. Dryden.

2. To shape or dress the edge of, as with a tool.

3. To furnish with a fringe or border; as, to edge a dress; to edge a
garden with box.
Hills whose tops were edged with groves. Pope.

4. To make sharp or keen, figuratively; to incite; to exasperate; to
goad; to urge or egg on. [Obs.]
By such reasonings, the simple were blinded, and the malicious edged.
Hayward.

5. To move by little and little or cautiously, as by pressing forward
edgewise; as, edging their chairs forwards. Locke.

EDGE
Edge, v. i.

1. To move sideways; to move gradually; as, edge along this way.

2. To sail close to the wind.
I must edge up on a point of wind. Dryden.
To edge away or off (Naut.), to increase the distance gradually from
the shore, vessel, or other object.
 -- To edge down (Naut.), to approach by slow degrees, as when a
sailing vessel approaches an object in an oblique direction from the
windward.
 -- To edge in, to get in edgewise; to get in by degrees.
 -- To edge in with, as with a coast or vessel (Naut.), to advance
gradually, but not directly, toward it.

EDGEBONE
Edge"bone`, n.

Defn: Same as Aitchbone.

EDGELESS
Edge"less, a.

Defn: Without an edge; not sharp; blunt; obtuse; as, an edgeless
sword or weapon.

EDGELONG
Edge"long, adv.

Defn: In the direction of the edge. [Obs.]
Three hundred thousand pieces have you stuck Edgelong into the
ground. B. Jonson.

EDGESHOT
Edge"shot, a. (Carp.)

Defn: Having an edge planed, -- said of a board. Knight.

EDGEWAYS; EDGEWISE
Edge"ways, Edge"wise, adv.

Defn: With the edge towards anything; in the direction of the edge.
Glad to get in a word, as they say, edgeways. Sir W. Scott.

EDGING
Edg"ing, n.

1. That which forms an edge or border, as the fringe, trimming, etc.,
of a garment, or a border in a garden. Dryden.

2. The operation of shaping or dressing the edge of anything, as of a
piece of metal. Edging machine, a machine tool with a revolving
cutter, for dressing edges, as of boards, or metal plates, to a
pattern or templet.

EDGINGLY
Edg"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Gradually; gingerly. [R.]

EDGY
Edg"y, a. Etym: [From Edge.]

1. Easily irritated; sharp; as, an edgy temper.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Having some of the forms, such as drapery or the like, too
sharply defined. "An edgy style of sculpture." Hazlitt.

EDH
Edh, n.

Defn: The name of the Anglo-Saxon letter edh, capital form th in a
similar word: oedher, other, dôedh, doth." March.

EDIBILITY
Ed`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Suitableness for being eaten; edibleness.

EDIBLE
Ed"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. edibilis, fr. edere to eat. See Eat.]

Defn: Fit to be eaten as food; eatable; esculent; as, edible fishes.
Bacon.
 -- n.

Defn: Anything edible. Edible bird's nest. See Bird's nest,

2.
 -- Edible crab (Zoöl.), any species of crab used as food, esp. the
American blue crab (Callinectes hastatus). See Crab.
 -- Edible frog (Zoöl.), the common European frog (Rana esculenta),
used as food.
 -- Edible snail (Zoöl.), any snail used as food, esp. Helix pomatia
and H. aspersa of Europe.

EDIBLENESS
Ed"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Suitableness for being eaten.

EDICT
E"dict, n. Etym: [L. edictum, fr. edicere, edictum, to declare,
proclaim; e out + dicere to say: cf. F. édit. See Diction.]

Defn: A public command or ordinance by the sovereign power; the
proclamation of a law made by an absolute authority, as if by the
very act of announcement; a decree; as, the edicts of the Roman
emperors; the edicts of the French monarch.
It stands as an edict in destiny. Shak.
Edict of Nantes (French Hist.), an edict issued by Henry IV. (A. D.
1598), giving toleration to Protestants. Its revocation by Louis XIV.
(A. D. 1685) was followed by terrible persecutions and the
expatriation of thousands of French Protestants.

Syn.
 -- Decree; proclamation; law; ordinance; statute; rule; order;
manifesti; command. See Law.

EDICTAL
E*dic"tal, a.

Defn: Relating to, or consisting of, edicts; as, the Roman edictal
law.

EDIFICANT
Ed"i*fi*cant, a. Etym: [L. aedificans, -antis, p. pr. of aedificare.
See Edify.]

Defn: Building; constructing. [R.] Dugard.

EDIFICATION
Ed`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. aedificatio: cf. F. édification. See
Edify.]

1. The act of edifying, or the state of being edified; a building up,
especially in a moral or spiritual sense; moral, intellectual, or
spiritual improvement; instruction.
The assured edification of his church. Bp. Hall.
Out of these magazines I shall supply the town with what may tend to
their edification. Addison.

2. A building or edifice. [Obs.] Bullokar.

EDIFICATORY
Ed"i*fi*ca`to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to edification. Bp. Hall.

EDIFICE
Ed"i*fice, n. Etym: [L. aedificium, fr. aedificare: cf. F. édifice.
See Edify.]

Defn: A building; a structure; an architectural fabric; -- chiefly
applied to elegant houses, and other large buildings; as, a palace, a
church, a statehouse.

EDIFICIAL
Ed`i*fi"cial, a. Etym: [L. aedificialis.]

Defn: Pertaining to an edifice; structural.

EDIFIER
Ed"i*fi`er, n.

1. One who builds. [Obs.]

2. One who edifies, builds up, or strengthens another by moral or
religious instruction.

EDIFY
Ed"i*fy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Edified; p. pr. & vb. n. Edifying.]
Etym: [F. édifier, L. aedificare; aedes a building, house, orig., a
fireplace (akin to Gr. idh to kindle, OHG. eit funeral pile, AS. ad,
OIr. aed fire) + facere to make. See Fact, -fy.]

1. To build; to construct. [Archaic]
There was a holy chapel edified. Spenser.

2. To instruct and improve, especially in moral and religious
knowledge; to teach.
It does not appear probable that our dispute [about miracles] would
either edify or enlighten the public. Gibbon.

3. To teach or persuade. [Obs.] Bacon.

EDIFY
Ed"i*fy, v. i.

Defn: To improve. [R.] Swift.

EDIFYING
Ed"i*fy`ing, a.

Defn: Instructing; improving; as, an edifying conversation.
 -- Ed"i*fy`ing*ly, adv.
 -- Ed"i*fy`ing*ness, n.

EDILE
E"dile, n. Etym: [L. aedilis: cf. F. édile. Cf. Ædile.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: See Ædile.

EDILESHIP
E"dile*ship, n.

Defn: The office of ædile. T. Arnold.

EDINGTONITE
Ed"ing*ton*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A grayish white zeolitic mineral, in tetragonal crystals. It is
a hydrous silicate of alumina and baryta.

EDIT
Ed"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Edited; p. pr. & vb. n. Editing.] Etym:
[F. éditer, or L. editus, p. p. of edere to give out, put forth,
publish; e out + dare to give. See Date a point of time.]

Defn: To superintend the publication of; to revise and prepare for
publication; to select, correct, arrange, etc., the matter of, for
publication; as, to edit a newspaper.
Philosophical treatises which have never been edited. Enfield.

EDITION
E*di"tion, n. Etym: [L. editio, fr. edere to publish; cf. F. édition.
See Edit.]

1. A literary work edited and published, as by a certain editor or in
a certain manner; as, a good edition of Chaucer; Chalmers' edition of
Shakespeare.

2. The whole number of copies of a work printed and published at one
time; as, the first edition was soon sold.

EDITION DE LUXE
É`di`tion" de luxe". Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Luxe.

EDITIONER
E*di`tion*er, n.

Defn: An editor. [Obs.]

EDITOR
Ed"i*tor, n. Etym: [L., that which produces, from edere to publish:
cf. F. éditeur.]

Defn: One who edits; esp., a person who prepares, superintends,
revises, and corrects a book, magazine, or newspaper, etc., for
publication.

EDITORIAL
Ed`i*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an editor; written or sanctioned by an
editor; as, editorial labors; editorial remarks. editorial content

EDITORIAL
Ed`i*to"ri*al, n.

Defn: A leading article in a newspaper or magazine; an editorial
article; an article published as an expression of the views of the
editor.

EDITORIALLY
Ed`i*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner or character of an editor or of an editorial
article.

EDITORSHIP
Ed"i*tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office or charge of an editor; care and superintendence of
a publication.

EDITRESS
Ed"i*tress, n.

Defn: A female editor.

EDITUATE
E*dit"u*ate, v. t. Etym: [LL. aedituatus, p. p. of aedituare, fr. L.
aedituus a temple warden; aedes building, temple + tueri to guard.]

Defn: To guard as a churchwarden does. [Obs.] J. Gregory.

EDOMITE
E"dom*ite, n.

Defn: One of the descendants of Esau or Edom, the brother of Jacob;
an Idumean.

EDRIOPHTHALMA
Ed`ri*oph*thal"ma, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Crustacea in which the eyes are without stalks; the
Arthrostraca. [Written also Edriophthalmata.]

EDRIOPHTHALMOUS
Ed`ri*oph*thal"mous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Edriophthalma.

EDUCABILITY
Ed`u*ca*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. éducabilité.]

Defn: Capability of being educated.

EDUCABLE
Ed"u*ca*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. éducable.]

Defn: Capable of being educated. "Men are educable." M. Arnold.

EDUCATE
Ed"u*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Educated; p. pr. & vb. n. Educating.]
Etym: [L. educatus, p. p. of educare to bring up a child physically
or mentally, to educate, fr. educere to Educe.]

Defn: To bring as, to educate a child; to educate the eye or the
taste.

Syn.
 -- To develop; instruct; teach; inform; enlighten; edify; bring up;
train; breed; rear; discipline; indoctrinate.

EDUCATED
Ed"u*ca`ted, a.

Defn: Formed or developed by education; as, an educated man.

EDUCATION
Ed`u*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. educatio; cf. F. éducation.]

Defn: The act or process of educating; the result of educating, as
determined by the knowledge skill, or discipline of character,
acquired; also, the act or process of training by a prescribed or
customary course of study or discipline; as, an education for the bar
or the pulpit; he has finished his education.
To prepare us for complete living is the function which education has
to discharge. H. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- Education, Instruction, Teaching, Training, Breeding. Education,
properly a drawing forth, implies not so much the communication of
knowledge as the discipline of the intellect, the establishment of
the principles, and the regulation of the heart. Instruction is that
part of education which furnishes the mind with knowledge. Teaching
is the same, being simply more familiar. It is also applied to
practice; as, teaching to speak a language; teaching a dog to do
tricks. Training is a department of education in which the chief
element is exercise or practice for the purpose of imparting facility
in any physical or mental operation. Breeding commonly relates to the
manners and outward conduct.

EDUCATIONAL
Ed`u*ca"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to education. "His educational establishment."
J. H. Newman.

EDUCATIONIST
Ed`u*ca"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in the theories of, or who advocates and
promotes, education.

EDUCATIVE
Ed"u*ca*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. éducatif.]

Defn: Tending to educate; that gives education; as, an educative
process; an educative experience.

EDUCATOR
Ed"u*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who educates; a teacher.

EDUCE
E*duce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Educed; p. pr. & vb. n. Educing.] Etym:
[L. educere; e out + ducere to lead. See Duke.]

Defn: To bring or draw out; to cause to appear; to produce against
counter agency or influence; to extract; to evolve; as, to educe a
form from matter.
The eternal art educing good from ill. Pope.
They want to educe and cultivate what is best and noblest in
themselves. M. Arnold.

EDUCIBLE
E*du"ci*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being educed.

EDUCT
E"duct, n. Etym: [L. eductum, fr. educere.]

Defn: That which is educed, as by analysis. Sir W. Hamilton.

EDUCTION
E*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. eductio.]

Defn: The act of drawing out or bringing into view. Eduction pipe,
and Eduction port. See Exhaust pipe and Exhaust port, under Exhaust,
a.

EDUCTIVE
E*duc"tive, a.

Defn: Tending to draw out; extractive.

EDUCTOR
E*duc"tor, n. Etym: [L., tutor.]

Defn: One who, or that which, brings forth, elicits, or extracts.
Stimulus must be called an eductor of vital ether. E. Darwin.

EDULCORANT
E*dul"co*rant, a. Etym: [See Edulcorate.]

Defn: Having a tendency to purify or to sweeten by removing or
correcting acidity and acrimony.

EDULCORANT
E*dul"co*rant, n.

Defn: An edulcorant remedy.

EDULCORATE
E*dul"co*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Edulcorated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Edulcorating.] Etym: [L. e oudulcoratus, p. p. of dulcorare to
sweeten, fr. dulcor sweetness, fr. dulcis sweet: cf. F. édulcorer.]

1. To render sweet; to sweeten; to free from acidity.
Succory . . . edulcorated with sugar and vinegar. Evelyn.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: To free from acids, salts, or other soluble substances, by
washing; to purify. [R.]

EDULCORATION
E*dul`co*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. édulcoration.]

1. The act of sweetening or edulcorating.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The act of freeing from acids or any soluble substances, by
affusions of water. [R.] Ure.

EDULCORATIVE
E*dul"co*ra*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to

EDULCORATOR
E*dul"co*ra`tor, n.

Defn: A contrivance used to supply small quantities of sweetened
liquid, water, etc., to any mixture, or to test tubes, etc.; a
dropping bottle.

EDULIOUS
E*du"li*ous, a. Etym: [L. edulis, fr. edere to eat.]

Defn: Edible. [Obs.] "Edulious pulses." Sir T. Browne.

-EE
-ee. Etym: [Formed on the F. p. p. ending -é, masc.]

Defn: A suffix used, chiefly in law terms, in a passive
signification, to indicate the direct or indirect object of an
action, or the one to whom an act is done or on whom a right is
conferred; as in assignee, donee, alienee, grantee, etc. It is
correlative to -or, the agent or doer.

EEK; EEKE
Eek, Eeke, v. t.

Defn: See Eke. [Obs.] Spenser.

EEL
Eel, n. Etym: [AS. ; akin to D., G., & Dan. aal, Icel. all, Sw. ål.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An elongated fish of many genera and species. The common eels
of Europe and America belong to the genus Anguilla. The electrical
eel is a species of Gymnotus. The so called vinegar eel is a minute
nematode worm. See Conger eel, Electric eel, and Gymnotus.

EELBUCK
Eel"buck`, n.

Defn: An eelpot or eel basket.

EELFARE
Eel"fare`, n. Etym: [Eel + fare a journey or passage.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A brood of eels. [Prov. Eng.]

EELGRASS
Eel"grass`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Zostera marina), with very long and narrow leaves,
growing abundantly in shallow bays along the North Atlantic coast.

EEL-MOTHER
Eel"-moth`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The eelpout.

EELPOT
Eel"pot`, n.

Defn: A boxlike structure with funnel-shaped traps for catching eels;
an eelbuck.

EELPOUT
Eel"pout`, n. Etym: [AS. .] (Zoöl.)
(a) A European fish (Zoarces viviparus), remarkable for producing
living young; -- called also greenbone, guffer, bard, and Maroona
eel. Also, an American species (Z. anguillaris), -- called also
mutton fish, and, erroneously, congo eel, ling, and lamper eel. Both
are edible, but of little value.
(b) A fresh-water fish, the burbot.

EELSPEAR
Eel"spear`, n.

Defn: A spear with barbed forks for spearing eels.

E'EN
E'en, adv.

Defn: A contraction for even. See Even.
I have e'en done with you. L'Estrange.

EEN
Een, n.

Defn: The old plural of Eye.
And eke with fatness swollen were his een. Spenser.

E'ER
E'er, adv.

Defn: A contraction for ever. See Ever.

EERIE; EERY
Ee"rie, Ee"ry, a. Etym: [Scotch, fr. AS. earh timid.]

1. Serving to inspire fear, esp. a dread of seeing ghosts; wild;
weird; as, eerie stories.
She whose elfin prancer springs By night to eery warblings. Tennyson.

2. Affected with fear; affrighted. Burns.

EERILY
Ee"ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a strange, unearthly way.

EERISOME
Ee"ri*some, a.

Defn: Causing fear; eerie. [Scot.]

EET
Eet, obs. imp.

Defn: of Eat. Chaucer.

EFFABLE
Ef"fa*ble, a. Etym: [L. effabilis; ex out + fari to speak.]

Defn: Capable of being uttered or explained; utterable. Barrow.

EFFACE
Ef*face", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effaced; p. pr. & vb. n. Effacing.]
Etym: [F. effacer; pref. es- (L. ex) + face face; prop., to destroy
the face or form. See Face, and cf. Deface.]

1. To cause to disappear (as anything impresses or inscribed upon a
surface) by rubbing out, striking out, etc.; to erase; to render
illegible or indiscernible; as, to efface the letters on a monument,
or the inscription on a coin.

2. To destroy, as a mental impression; to wear away.
Efface from his mind the theories and notions vulgarly received.
Bacon.

Syn.
 -- To blot out; expunge; erase; obliterate; cancel; destroy.
 -- Efface, Deface. To deface is to injure or impair a figure; to
efface is to rub out or destroy, so as to render invisible.

EFFACEABLE
Ef*face"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being effaced.

EFFACEMENT
Ef*face"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. effacement.]

Defn: The act if effacing; also, the result of the act.

EFFASCINATE
Ef*fas"ci*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. effascinare.]

Defn: To charm; to bewitch. [Obs.] Heywood.

EFFASCINATION
Ef*fas`ci*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. effascinatio.]

Defn: A charming; state of being bewitched or deluded. [Obs.]

EFFECT
Ef*fect", n. Etym: [L. effectus, fr. efficere, effectum, to effect;
ex + facere to make: cf. F. effet, formerly also spelled effect. See
Fact.]

1. Execution; performance; realization; operation; as, the law goes
into effect in May.
That no compunctious visitings of nature Shake my fell purpose, nor
keep peace between The effect and it. Shak.

2. Manifestation; expression; sign.
All the large effects That troop with majesty. Shak.

3. In general: That which is produced by an agent or cause; the event
which follows immediately from an antecedent, called the cause;
result; consequence; outcome; fruit; as, the effect of luxury.
The effect is the unfailing index of the amount of the cause.
Whewell.

4. Impression left on the mind; sensation produced.
Patchwork . . . introduced for oratorical effect. J. C. Shairp.
The effect was heightened by the wild and lonely nature of the place.
W. Irving.

5. Power to produce results; efficiency; force; importance; account;
as, to speak with effect.

6. Consequence intended; purpose; meaning; general intent; -- with
to.
They spake to her to that effect. 2 Chron. xxxiv. 22.

7. The purport; the sum and substance. "The effect of his intent."
Chaucer.

8. Reality; actual meaning; fact, as distinguished from mere
appearance.
No other in effect than what it seems. Denham.

9. pl.

Defn: Goods; movables; personal estate; -- sometimes used to embrace
real as well as personal property; as, the people escaped from the
town with their effects. For effect, for an exaggerated impression or
excitement.
 -- In effect, in fact; in substance. See 8, above.
 -- Of no effect, Of none effect, To no effect, or Without effect,
destitute of results, validity, force, and the like; vain; fruitless.
"Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition." Mark
vii. 13. "All my study be to no effect." Shak.
 -- To give effect to, to make valid; to carry out in practice; to
push to its results.
 -- To take effect, to become operative, to accomplish aims. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Effect, Consequence, Result. These words indicate things which
arise out of some antecedent, or follow as a consequent. Effect,
which may be regarded as the generic term, denotes that which springs
directly from something which can properly be termed a cause. A
consequence is more remote, not being strictly caused, nor yet a mere
sequence, but following out of and following indirectly, or in the
train of events, something on which it truly depends. A result is
still more remote and variable, like the rebound of an elastic body
which falls in very different directions. We may foresee the effects
of a measure, may conjecture its consequences, but can rarely
discover its final results.
Resolving all events, with their effects And manifold results, into
the will And arbitration wise of the Supreme. Cowper.
Shun the bitter consequence, for know, The day thou eatest thereof, .
. . thou shalt die. Milton.

EFFECT
Ef*fect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effected; p. pr. & vb. n. Effecting.]

1. To produce, as a cause or agent; to cause to be.
So great a body such exploits to effect. Daniel.

2. To bring to pass; to execute; to enforce; to achieve; to
accomplish.
To effect that which the divine counsels had decreed. Bp. Hurd.
They sailed away without effecting their purpose. Jowett (Th. ).

Syn.
 -- To accomplish; fulfill; achieve; complete; execute; perform;
attain. See Accomplish.

EFFECTER
Ef*fect"er, n.

Defn: One who effects.

EFFECTIBLE
Ef*fect"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being done or achieved; practicable; feasible. Sir
T. Browne.

EFFECTION
Ef*fec"tion, n. Etym: [L. effectio: cf. F. effection.]

Defn: Creation; a doing. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

EFFECTIVE
Ef*fect"ive, a. Etym: [L. effectivus: cf. F. effectif.]

Defn: Having the power to produce an effect or effects; producing a
decided or decisive effect; efficient; serviceable; operative; as, an
effective force, remedy, speech; the effective men in a regiment.
They are not effective of anything, nor leave no work behind them.
Bacon.
Whosoever is an effective, real cause of doing his heighbor wrong, is
criminal. Jer. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- Efficient; forcible; active; powerful; energetic; competent. See
Effectual.

EFFECTIVE
Ef*fect"ive, n.

1. That which produces a given effect; a cause. Jer. Taylor.

2. One who is capable of active service.
He assembled his army -- 20,000 effectives -- at Corinth. W. P.
Johnston.

3. Etym: [F. effectif real, effective, real amount.] (Com.)

Defn: Specie or coin, as distinguished from paper currency; -- a term
used in many parts of Europe. Simmonds.

EFFECTIVELY
Ef*fect"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: With effect; powerfully; completely; thoroughly.

EFFECTIVENESS
Ef*fect"ive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being effective.

EFFECTLESS
Ef*fect"less, a.

Defn: Without effect or advantage; useless; bootless. Shak.
 -- Ef*fect"less*ly, adv.

EFFECTOR
Ef*fect"or, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: An effecter. Derham.

EFFECTUAL
Ef*fec"tu*al, a. Etym: [See Effect, n.]

Defn: Producing, or having adequate power or force to produce, an
intended effect; adequate; efficient; operative; decisive. Shak.
Effectual steps for the suppression of the rebellion. Macaulay.
Effectual calling (Theol.), a doctrine concerning the work of the
Holy Spirit in producing conviction of sin and acceptance of
salvation by Christ, -- one of the five points of Calvinism. See
Calvinism.

Syn.
 -- Effectual, Efficacious, Effective. An efficacious remedy is had
recourse to, and proves effective if it does decided good, effectual
if it does all the good desired. C. J. Smith.

EFFECTUALLY
Ef*fec"tu*al*ly, adv.

1. With effect; efficaciously.

2. Actually; in effect. [Obs.] Fuller.

EFFECTUALNESS
Ef*fec"tu*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being effectual.

EFFECTUATE
Ef*fec"tu*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effectuated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Effectuating.] Etym: [Cf. F. effectuer. See Effect, n. & v. t.]

Defn: To bring to pass; to effect; to achieve; to accomplish; to
fulfill.
A fit instrument to effectuate his desire. Sir P. Sidney.
In order to effectuate the thorough reform. G. T. Curtis.

EFFECTUATION
Ef*fec`tu*a"tion, n.

Defn: Act of effectuating.

EFFECTUOSE; EFFECTUOUS
Ef*fec"tu*ose`, Ef*fec"tu*ous, a.

Defn: Effective. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

EFFECTUOUSLY
Ef*fec"tu*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Effectively. [Obs.]

EFFEMINACY
Ef*fem"i*na*cy, n.; pl. Effeminacies. Etym: [From Effeminate.]

Defn: Characteristic quality of a woman, such as softness,
luxuriousness, delicacy, or weakness, which is unbecoming a man;
womanish delicacy or softness; -- used reproachfully of men. Milton.

EFFEMINATE
Ef*fem"i*nate, a. Etym: [L. effeminatus, p. p. of effeminare to make
a woman of; ex out + femina a woman. See Feminine, a.]

1. Having some characteristic of a woman, as delicacy, luxuriousness,
etc.; soft or delicate to an unmanly degree; womanish; weak.
The king, by his voluptuous life and mean marriage, became
effeminate, and less sensible of honor. Bacon.
An effeminate and unmanly foppery. Bp. Hurd.

2. Womanlike; womanly; tender; -- in a good sense.
Gentle, kind, effeminate remorse. Shak.

Note: Effeminate and womanish are generally used in a reproachful
sense; feminine and womanly, applied to women, are epithets of
propriety or commendation.

EFFEMINATE
Ef*fem"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effeminated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Effeminating.]

Defn: To make womanish; to make soft and delicate; to weaken.
It will not corrupt or effeminate children's minds. Locke.

EFFEMINATE
Ef*fem"i*nate, v. i.

Defn: To grow womanish or weak.
In a slothful peace both courage will effeminate and manners corrupt.
Pope.

EFFEMINATELY
Ef*fem"i*nate*ly, adv.

1. In an effeminate or womanish manner; weakly; softly; delicately.
"Proud and effeminately gay." Fawkes.

2. By means of a woman; by the power or art of a woman. [R.]
"Effeminately vanquished." Milton.

EFFEMINATENESS
Ef*fem"i*nate*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being effeminate; unmanly softness. Fuller.

EFFEMINATION
Ef*fem`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. effeminatio.]

Defn: Effeminacy; womanishness. [Obs.] Bacon.

EFFEMINIZE
Ef*fem"i*nize, v. t.

Defn: To make effeminate. [Obs.]

EFFENDI
Ef*fen"di, n. Etym: [Turk. efendi, fr. Modern Gr. Authentic.]

Defn: Master; sir; -- a title of a Turkish state official and man of
learning, especially one learned in the law.

EFFERENT
Ef"fe*rent, a. Etym: [L. efferens, -entis, p. pr. of effere to bear
out; ex out + ferre to bear.] (Physiol.)
(a) Conveying outward, or discharging; -- applied to certain blood
vessels, lymphatics, nerves, etc.
(b) Conveyed outward; as, efferent impulses, i. e., such as are
conveyed by the motor or efferent nerves from the central nervous
organ outwards; -- opposed to afferent.

EFFERENT
Ef"fe*rent, n.

Defn: An efferent duct or stream.

EFFEROUS
Ef"fer*ous, a. Etym: [L. efferus savage; ex (intens.) + ferus wild.]

Defn: Like a wild beast; fierce. [Obs.]

EFFERVESCE
Ef`fer*vesce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Effervesced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Effervescing.] Etym: [L. effervescere; ex + fervescere to begin
boiling, incho., fr. fervere to boil. See Fervent.]

1. To be in a state of natural ebullition; to bubble and hiss, as
fermenting liquors, or any fluid, when some part escapes in a gaseous
form.

2. To exhibit, in lively natural expression, feelings that can not be
repressed or concealed; as, to effervesce with joy or merriment.

EFFERVESCENCE; EFFERVESCENCY
Ef`fer*ves"cence, Ef`fer*ves"cen*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. effervescence.]

Defn: A kind of natural ebullition; that commotion of a fluid which
takes place when some part of the mass flies off in a gaseous form,
producing innumerable small bubbles; as, the effervescence of a
carbonate with citric acid.

EFFERVESCENT
Ef`fer*ves"cent, a. Etym: [L. effervescences, p. pr. of effervescere:
cf. F. effervescent.]

Defn: Gently boiling or bubbling, by means of the disengagement of
gas

EFFERVESCIBLE
Ef`fer*ves"ci*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of effervescing.

EFFERVESCIVE
Ef`fer*ves"cive, a.

Defn: Tending to produce effervescence. "An effervescive force."
Hickok.

EFFET
Ef"fet, n. Etym: [See Eft, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common newt; -- called also asker, eft, evat, and ewt.

EFFETE
Ef*fete", a. Etym: [L. effetus that has brought forth, exhausted; ex
+ fetus that has brought forth. See Fetus.]

Defn: No longer capable of producing young, as an animal, or fruit,
as the earth; hence, worn out with age; exhausted of energy;
incapable of efficient action; no longer productive; barren; sterile.
Effete results from virile efforts. Mrs. Browning
If they find the old governments effete, worn out, . . . they may
seek new ones. Burke.

EFFICACIOUS
Ef`fi*ca"cious, a. Etym: [L. eficax, -acis, fr. efficere. See Effect,
n.]

Defn: Possessing the quality of being effective; productive of, or
powerful to produce, the effect intended; as, an efficacious law.

Syn.
 -- See Effectual.
 -- Ef`fi*ca"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Ef`fi*ca"cious*ness, n.

EFFICACITY
Ef`fi*cac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. efficacitas: cf. F. efficacité.]

Defn: Efficacy. [R.] J. Fryth.

EFFICACY
Ef"fi*ca*cy, n. Etym: [L. efficacia, fr. efficax. See Efficacious.]

Defn: Power to produce effects; operation or energy of an agent or
force; production of the effect intended; as, the efficacy of
medicine in counteracting disease; the efficacy of prayer. "Of
noxious efficacy." Milton.

Syn.
 -- Virtue; force; energy; potency; efficiency.

EFFICIENCE; EFFICIENCY
Ef*fi"cience, Ef*fi"cien*cy, n. Etym: [L. efficientia.]

1. The quality of being efficient or producing an effect or effects;
efficient power; effectual agency.
The manner of this divine efficiency being far above us. Hooker.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: The ratio of useful work to energy expended. Rankine.
Efficiency of a heat engine, the ratio of the work done an engine, to
the work due to the heat supplied to it.

EFFICIENT
Ef*fi"cient, a. Etym: [L. efficiens, -entis, p. pr. of efficere to
effect: cf. F. efficient. See Effect, n.]

Defn: Causing effects; producing results; that makes the effect to be
what it is; actively operative; not inactive, slack, or incapable;
characterized by energetic and useful activity; as, an efficient
officer, power.
The efficient cause is the working cause. Wilson.

Syn.
 -- Effective; effectual; competent; able; capable; material; potent.

EFFICIENT
Ef*fi"cient, n.

Defn: An efficient cause; a prime mover.
God . . . moveth mere natural agents as an efficient only. Hooker.

EFFICIENTLY
Ef*fi"cient*ly, adv.

Defn: With effect; effectively.

EFFIERCE
Ef*fierce", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ex- (intens.) + fierce.]

Defn: To make fierce. [Obs.] Spenser.

EFFIGIAL
Ef*fig"i*al, a.

Defn: Relating to an effigy.

EFFIGIATE
Ef*fig"i*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. effigiatus, p. p. of effigiare to form,
fr. effigies. See Effigy.]

Defn: To form as an effigy; hence, to fashion; to adapt.
[He must] effigiate and conform himself to those circumstances. Jer.
Taylor.

EFFIGIATION
Ef*fig`i*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. effigiatio.]

Defn: The act of forming in resemblance; an effigy. Fuller.

EFFIGIES
Ef*fig"i*es, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Effigy. Dryden.

EFFIGY
Ef"fi*gy, n.; pl. Effigies. Etym: [L. effigies, fr. effingere to
form, fashion; ex + fingere to form, shape, devise. See Feign.]

Defn: The image, likeness, or representation of a person, whether a
full figure, or a part; an imitative figure; -- commonly applied to
sculptured likenesses, as those on monuments, or to those of the
heads of princes on coins and medals, sometimes applied to portraits.
To burn, or To hang, in effigy, to burn or to hang an image or
picture of a person, as a token of public odium.

EFFLAGITATE
Ef*flag"i*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. efflagitatus, p. p. of efflagitare.]

Defn: To ask urgently. [Obs.] Cockeram.

EFFLATE
Ef*flate", v. t. Etym: [L. efflatus, p. p. of efflare to blow or
breathe out; ex + flare to blow.]

Defn: To fill with breath; to puff up. Sir T. Herbert.

EFFLATION
Ef*fla"tion, n.

Defn: The act of filling with wind; a breathing or puffing out; a
puff, as of wind.
A soft efflation of celestial fire. Parnell.

EFFLORESCE
Ef`flo*resce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Effloresced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Efflorescing.] Etym: [L. efflorescere to bloom, blossom; ex +
florescere to begin to blossom, incho., fr. florere to blossom, fr.
flos a flower. See Flower.]

1. To blossom forth. Carlyle.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: To change on the surface, or throughout, to a whitish, mealy,
or crystalline powder, from a gradual decomposition, esp. from the
loss of water, on simple exposure to the air; as, Glauber's salts,
and many others, effloresce.

3. To become covered with a whitish crust or light crystallization,
from a slow chemical change between some of the ingredients of the
matter covered and an acid proceeding commonly from an external
source; as, the walls of limestone caverns sometimes effloresce with
nitrate of calcium in consequence of the action in consequence of
nitric acid formed in the atmosphere.

EFFLORESCENCE
Ef`flo*res"cence, n. Etym: [F. efflorescence.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Flowering, or state of flowering; the blooming of flowers;
blowth.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A redness of the skin; eruption, as in rash, measles, smallpox,
scarlatina, etc.

3. (Chem.)
(a) The formation of the whitish powder or crust on the surface of
efflorescing bodies, as salts, etc.
(b) The powder or crust thus formed.

EFFLORESCENCY
Ef`flo*res"cen*cy, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being efflorescent; efflorescence.

EFFLORESCENT
Ef`flo*res"cent, a. Etym: [F. efflorescent, L. efflorescens, -entis,
blooming, p. pr. of efflorescere. See Effloresce, v. i.]

1. That effloresces, or is liable to effloresce on exposure; as, an
efflorescent salt.

2. Covered with an efflorescence.

EFFLOWER
Ef*flow"er, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. effleurer.] (Leather Making)

Defn: To remove the epidermis of (a skin) with a concave knife, blunt
in its middle part, -- as in making chamois leather.

EFFLUENCE
Ef"flu*ence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. effluence.]

1. A flowing out, or emanation.

2. That which flows or issues from any body or substance; issue;
efflux.
Bright effluence of bright essence increate! Milton.
And, as if the gloom of the earth and sky had been but the effluence
of these two mortal hearts, it vanished with their sorrow. Hawthorne.

EFFLUENCY
Ef"flu*en*cy, n.

Defn: Effluence.

EFFLUENT
Ef"flu*ent, a. Etym: [L. effluens, -entis, p. pr. of effluere to flow
out; ex + fluere to flow: cf. F. effluent. See Fluent.]

Defn: Flowing out; as, effluent beams. Parnell.

EFFLUENT
Ef"flu*ent, n. (Geog.)

Defn: A stream that flows out of another stream or lake.

EFFLUVIABLE
Ef*flu"vi*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being given off as an effluvium. "Effluviable
matter." Boyle.

EFFLUVIAL
Ef*flu"vi*al, a.

Defn: Belonging to effluvia.

EFFLUVIATE
Ef*flu"vi*ate, v. i.

Defn: To give forth effluvium. [R.] "An effluviating power." Boyle.

EFFLUVIUM
Ef*flu"vi*um, n.; pl. Effluvia. Etym: [L., a flowing out, fr.
effluere to flow out. See Effluent, a.]

Defn: Subtile or invisible emanation; exhalation perceived by the
sense of smell; especially, noisome or noxious exhalation; as, the
effluvium from diseased or putrefying bodies, or from ill drainage.

EFFLUX
Ef"flux, n. Etym: [See Effluent, Flux.]

1. The act or process of flowing out, or issuing forth; effusion;
outflow; as, the efflux of matter from an ulcer; the efflux of men's
piety.
It is then that the devout affections . . . are incessantly in
efflux. I. Taylor.

2. That which flows out; emanation; effluence.
Prime cheerer, light! . . . Efflux divine. Thomson.

EFFLUX
Ef*flux", v. i.

Defn: To run out; to flow forth; to pass away. [Obs.] Boyle.

EFFLUXION
Ef*flux"ion, n. Etym: [From Efflux.]

1. The act of flowing out; effusion.

2. That which flows out; effluvium; emanation.
Some light effluxions from spirit to spirit. Bacon.

EFFODIENT
Ef*fo"di*ent, a. Etym: [L. effodiens, p. pr. of effodere to dig out;
ex + fodere to dig.]

Defn: Digging up.

EFFORCE
Ef*force, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Efforced; p. pr. & vb. n. Efforcing.]
Etym: [OF. esforcier (F. s'efforcer to exert one's self), LL.
exforciare; L. ex + fortis strong. See Force.]

Defn: To force; to constrain; to compel to yield. [Obs.] Spenser.

EFFORM
Ef*form", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ex- + form.]

Defn: To form; to shape. [Obs.]
Efforming their words within their lips. Jer. Taylor.

EFFORMATION
Ef`for*ma"tion, n.

Defn: The act of giving shape or form. [Obs.] Ray.

EFFORT
Ef"fort, n. Etym: [F. effort, OF. esfort, for esfors, esforz, fr.
esforcier. See Efforce.]

1. An exertion of strength or power, whether physical or mental, in
performing an act or aiming at an object; more or less strenuous
endeavor; struggle directed to the accomplishment of an object; as,
an effort to scale a wall.
We prize the stronger effort of his power. Pope.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A force acting on a body in the direction of its motion.
Rankine.

Syn.
 -- Endeavor; exertion; struggle; strain; straining; attempt; trial;
essay. See Attempt.

EFFORT
Ef"fort, v. t.

Defn: To stimulate. [Obs.] "He efforted his spirits." Fuller.

EFFORTLESS
Ef"fort*less, a.

Defn: Making no effort. Southey.

EFFOSSION
Ef*fos"sion, n. Etym: [L. effossio. See Effodient.]

Defn: A digging out or up. [R.] "The effossion of coins." Arbuthnot.

EFFRANCHISE
Ef*fran"chise, v. t. Etym: [Pref. ex- + franchise: cf. OF.
esfranchir.]

Defn: To enfranchise.

EFFRAY
Ef*fray", v. t. Etym: [F. effrayer. See Affray.]

Defn: To frighten; to scare. [Obs.] Spenser.

EFFRAYABLE
Ef*fray"a*ble, a.

Defn: Frightful. [Obs.] Harvey.

EFFRENATION
Ef`fre*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. effrenatio, fr. effrenare to unbridle;
ex + frenum a bridle.]

Defn: Unbridled license; unruliness. [Obs.] Cockeram.

EFFRONT
Ef*front", v. t.

Defn: To give assurance to. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EFFRONTERY
Ef*front"er*y, n.; pl. Effronteries. Etym: [F. effronterie, fr.
effronté shameless, fr. L. effrons, -ontis, putting forth the
forehead, i. e., barefaced, shameless; ex + frons the forehead. See
Front.]

Defn: Impudence or boldness in confronting or in transgressing the
bounds of duty or decorum; insulting presumptuousness; shameless
boldness; barefaced assurance.
Corruption lost nothing of its effrontery. Bancroft.

Syn.
 -- Impudence; sauciness. See Impudence.

EFFRONTIT
Ef*front"it, a. Etym: [F. effronté.]

Defn: Marked by impudence. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

EFFRONTUOUSLY
Ef*fron"tu*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Impudently. [Obs.] R. North.

EFFULGE
Ef*fulge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effulged; p. pr. & vb. n. Effulging.]
Etym: [L. effulgere to shine forth; ex + fulgere to flash, shine. See
Fulgent.]

Defn: To cause to shine with abundance of light; to radiate; to beam.
[R.]
His eyes effulging a peculiar fire. Thomson.

EFFULGE
Ef*fulge", v. i.

Defn: To shine forth; to beam.

EFFULGENCE
Ef*ful"gence, n.

Defn: The state of being effulgent; extreme brilliancy; a flood of
light; great luster or brightness; splendor.
The effulgence of his glory abides. Milton.
The bright and the balmy effulgence of morn. Beattie.

EFFULGENT
Ef*ful"gent, a. Etym: [L. effulgens, -entis, p. pr. of effulgere.]

Defn: Diffusing a flood of light; shining; luminous; beaming; bright;
splendid. "Effulgent rays of light." Cowper.

EFFULGENTLY
Ef*ful"gent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an effulgent manner.

EFFUMABILITY
Ef*fu`ma*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The capability of flying off in fumes or vapor. [Obs.] Boyle.

EFFUME
Ef*fume", v. t. Etym: [L. effumare to emit smoke; ex + fumare to
smoke, fr. fumus smoke.]

Defn: To breathe or puff out. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

EFFUND
Ef*fund", v. t. Etym: [L. effundere. See Effuse.]

Defn: To pour out. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

EFFUSE
Ef*fuse", a. Etym: [L. effusus, p. p. of effundere to pour out; ex +
fundere to pour. See Fuse to melt.]

1. Poured out freely; profuse. [Obs.]
So should our joy be very effuse. Barrow.

2. Disposed to pour out freely; prodigal. [Obs.] Young.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Spreading loosely, especially on one side; as, an effuse
inflorescence. Loudon.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the lips, or edges, of the aperture abruptly spreading;
-- said of certain shells.

EFFUSE
Ef*fuse", n.

Defn: Effusion; loss. "Much effuse of blood." Shak.

EFFUSE
Ef*fuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effused; p. pr. & vb. n. Effusing.]

Defn: To pour out like a stream or freely; to cause to exude; to
shed. [R.]
With gushing blood effused. Milton.

EFFUSE
Ef*fuse", v. i.

Defn: To emanate; to issue. Thomson.

EFFUSION
Ef*fu"sion, n. Etym: [L. effusio: cf. F. effusion.]

1. The act of pouring out; as, effusion of water, of blood, of grace,
of words, and the like.
To save the effusion of my people's blood. Dryden.

2. That which is poured out, literally or figuratively.
Wash me with that precious effusion, and I shall be whiter than sow.
Eikon Basilike.
The light effusions of a heedless boy. Byron.

3. (Pathol.)
(a) The escape of a fluid out of its natural vessel, either by
rupture of the vessel, or by exudation through its walls. It may pass
into the substance of an organ, or issue upon a free surface.
(b) The liquid escaping or exuded.

EFFUSIVE
Ef*fu"sive, a.

Defn: Pouring out; pouring forth freely. "Washed with the effusive
wave." Pope. Effusive rocks (Geol.), volcanic rocks, in distinction
from so-called intrusive, or plutonic, rocks.
 -- Ef*fu"sive*ly, adv.
 -- Ef*fu"sive*ness, n.

EFREET
Ef"reet, n.

Defn: See Afrit.

EFT
Eft, n. Etym: [AS. efete lizard. See Newt.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A European lizard of the genus Seps.
(b) A salamander, esp. the European smooth newt (Triton punctatus).

EFT
Eft, adv. Etym: [AS. eft, æft, again, back, afterward. See Aft,
After.]

Defn: Again; afterwards; soon; quickly. [Obs.]
I wold never eft comen into the snare. Spenser.

EFTSOON; EFTSOONS
Eft*soon", Eft*soons", adv. Etym: [OE. eftsone, eftsones; AS. eft + s
soon. See Eft, and Soon.]

Defn: Again; anew; a second time; at once; speedily. [Archaic]
And, if he fall from his capel [horse] eftsone. Chaucer.
The champion stout eftsoons dismounted. Spenser.

EGAD
E*gad", interj. Etym: [Euphemistic corruption of the oath, "by God."]

Defn: An exclamation expressing exultation or surprise, etc.

EGAL
E"gal, a. Etym: [F. égal. See Equal.]

Defn: Equal; impartial. [Obs.] Shak.

EGALITY
E*gal"i*ty, n. Etym: [OE. egalite, F. égalité.]

Defn: Equality. Chaucer. Tennyson.

EGEAN
E*ge"an, a.

Defn: See Ægean.

EGENCE
E"gence, n. Etym: [L. egens, -entis, p. pr. of egere to be needy,
suffer want.]

Defn: The state of needing, or of suffering a natural want. [R.] J.
Grote.

EGER; EGRE
E"ger, E"gre, a. Etym: [See Eager.]

Defn: Sharp; bitter; acid; sour. [Obs.]
The egre words of thy friend. Chaucer.

EGER
E"ger, n.

Defn: An impetuous flood; a bore. See Eagre.

EGERMINATE
E*ger"mi*nate, v. i. Etym: [From L. egerminare to sprout.]

Defn: To germinate. [Obs.]

EGEST
E*gest", v. t. Etym: [L. egestus, p. p. of egerere to carry out, to
discharge; e out + gerere to carry.] (Physiol.)

Defn: To cast or throw out; to void, as excrement; to excrete, as the
indigestible matter of the food; in an extended sense, to excrete by
the lungs, skin, or kidneys.

EGESTA
E*ges"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., neut. pl. from p. p. of L. egere. See
Egest.] (Physiol.)

Defn: That which is egested or thrown off from the body by the
various excretory channels; excrements; -- opposed to ingesta.

EGESTION
E*ges"tion, n. Etym: [L. egestio.]

Defn: Act or process of egesting; a voiding. Sir M. Hale.

EGG
Egg, n. Etym: [OE., fr. Icel. egg; akin to AS. æg (whence OE. ey),
Sw. ägg, Dan. æg, G. & D. ei, and prob. to OSlav. aje, jaje, L. ovum,
Gr. ugh, Gael. ubh, and perh. to L. avis bird. Cf. Oval.]

1. (Popularly)

Defn: The oval or roundish body laid by domestic poultry and other
birds, tortoises, etc. It consists of a yolk, usually surrounded by
the "white" or albumen, and inclosed in a shell or strong membrane.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A simple cell, from the development of which the young of
animals are formed; ovum; germ cell.

3. Anything resembling an egg in form.

Note: Egg is used adjectively, or as the first part of self-
explaining compounds; as, egg beater or egg-beater, egg case, egg
ladle, egg-shaped, etc. Egg and anchor (Arch.), an egg-shaped
ornament, alternating with another in the form of a dart, used to
enrich the ovolo; -- called also egg and dart, and egg and tongue.
See Anchor, n., 5. Ogilvie.
 -- Egg cleavage (Biol.), a process of cleavage or segmentation, by
which the egg undergoes endogenous division with formation of a mass
of nearly similar cells, from the growth and differentiation of which
the new organism is ultimately formed. See Segmentation of the ovum,
under Segmentation.
 -- Egg development (Biol.), the process of the development of an
egg, by which the embryo is formed.
 -- Egg mite (Zoöl.), any mite which devours the eggs of insects, as
Nothrus ovivorus, which destroys those of the canker worm.
 -- Egg parasite (Zoöl.), any small hymenopterous insect, which, in
the larval stage, lives within the eggs of other insects. Many genera
and species are known.

EGG
Egg, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Egged; p. pr. & vb. n. Egging.] Etym: [OE.
eggen, Icel. eggja, fr. egg edge. Edge.]

Defn: To urge on; to instigate; to incite
Adam and Eve he egged to ill. Piers Plowman.
[She] did egg him on to tell How fair she was. Warner.

EGGAR
Eg"gar, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bombycid moth of the genera Eriogaster and Lasiocampa; as,
the oak eggar (L. roboris) of Europe.

EGG-BIRD
Egg"-bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of tern, esp. the sooty tern (Sterna fuliginosa) of
the West Indies. In the Bahama Islands the name is applied to the
tropic bird, Phaëthon flavirostris.

EGG-CUP
Egg"-cup`, n.

Defn: A cup used for holding an egg, at table.

EGGEMENT
Eg"ge*ment, n. Etym: [Egg, v. t. + -ment.]

Defn: Instigation; incitement. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EGGER
Egg"er, n. Etym: [See Egg, n.]

Defn: One who gathers eggs; an eggler.

EGGER
Egg"er, n. Etym: [See Egg, v. t.]

Defn: One who eggs or incites.

EGGERY
Egg"er*y, n.

Defn: A place where eggs are deposited (as by sea birds) or kept; a
nest of eggs. [R.]

EGG-GLASS
Egg"-glass`, n.

Defn: A small sandglass, running about three minutes, for marking
time in boiling eggs; also, a small glass for holding an egg, at
table.

EGGHOT
Egg"hot`, n.

Defn: A kind of posset made of eggs, brandy, sugar, and ale. Lamb.

EGGLER
Egg"ler, n.

Defn: One who gathers, or deals in, eggs.

EGGNOG
Egg`nog", n.

Defn: A drink consisting of eggs beaten up with sugar, milk, and
(usually) wine or spirits.

EGGPLANT
Egg"plant`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Solanum Melongena), of East Indian origin, allied to
the tomato, and bearing a large, smooth, edible fruit, shaped
somewhat like an egg; mad-apple.

EGG-SHAPED
Egg"-shaped`, a.

Defn: Resembling an egg in form; ovoid.

EGGSHELL
Egg"shell`, n.

1. The shell or exterior covering of an egg. Also used figuratively
for anything resembling an eggshell.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A smooth, white, marine, gastropod shell of the genus Ovulum,
resembling an egg in form.

EGG SQUASH
Egg" squash`.

Defn: A variety of squash with small egg-shaped fruit.

EGHEN
E"ghen, n. pl.

Defn: Eyes. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EGILOPICAL
Eg`i*lop"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Ægilops.] (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to, of the nature of, or affected with, an ægilops,
or tumor in the corner of the eye.

EGILOPS
Eg"i*lops, n.

Defn: See Ægilops.

EGLANDULOSE; EGLANDULOUS
E*glan"du*lose`, E*glan"du*lous, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + glandulose,
glandulosus.]

Defn: Destitute of glands.

EGLANTINE
Eg"lan*tine, n. Etym: [F. églantine, fr. OF. aiglent brier, hip tree,
fr. (assumed) LL. acuculentus, fr. a dim. of L. acus needle; cf. F.
aiguille needle. Cf. Aglet.] (Bot.)
(a) A species of rose (Rosa Eglanteria), with fragrant foliage and
flowers of various colors.
(b) The sweetbrier (R. rubiginosa).

Note: Milton, in the following lines, has applied the name to some
twinning plant, perhaps the honeysuckle.
Through the sweetbrier, or the vine, Or the twisted eglantine.
L'Allegro, 47.
"In our early writers and in Gerarde and the herbalists, it was a
shrub with white flowers." Dr. Prior.

EGLATERE
Eg"la*tere, n.

Defn: Eglantine. [Obs. or R.] [Written also eglantere.] Tennyson.

EGLING
Eg"ling, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European perch when two years old. [Prov. Eng.]

EGLOMERATE
E*glom"er*ate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. e- + glomerate.]

Defn: To unwind, as a thread from a ball. [R.]

EGO
E"go, n. Etym: [L., I.] (Met.)

Defn: The conscious and permanent subject of all psychical
experiences, whether held to be directly known or the product of
reflective thought; -- opposed to non-ego.

EGOICAL
E*go"i*cal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to egoism. [R.]

EGOISM
E"go*ism, n. Etym: [F. égoïsme, fr. L. -ego I. See I, and cf.
Egotism.]

1. (Philos.)

Defn: The doctrine of certain extreme adherents or disciples of
Descartes and Johann Gottlieb Fichte, which finds all the elements of
knowledge in the ego and the relations which it implies or provides
for.

2. Excessive love and thought of self; the habit of regarding one's
self as the center of every interest; selfishness; -- opposed to
altruism.

EGOIST
E"go*ist, n. Etym: [F. égoïste. See Egoism.]

1. One given overmuch to egoism or thoughts of self.
I, dullard egoist, taking no special recognition of such nobleness.
Carlyle.

2. (Philos.)

Defn: A believer in egoism.

EGOISTIC; EGOISTICAL
E`go*is"tic, E`go*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to egoism; imbued with egoism or excessive thoughts
of self; self-loving.
Ill-natured feeling, or egoistic pleasure in making men miserable. G.
Eliot.

EGOISTICALLY
E`go*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an egoistic manner.

EGOITY
E*go"i*ty, n.

Defn: Personality. [R.] Swift.

EGOMISM
E"go*mism, n.

Defn: Egoism. [R.] A. Baxter.

EGOPHONIC
E`go*phon"ic, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, egophony.

EGOPHONY
E*goph"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The sound of a patient's voice so modified as to resemble the
bleating of a goat, heard on applying the ear to the chest in certain
diseases within its cavity, as in pleurisy with effusion.

EGOTHEISM
E"go*the`ism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The deification of self. [R.]

EGOTISM
E"go*tism, n. Etym: [L. ego I + ending -tism for -ism, prob.
influenced by other English words in -tism fr. the Greek, where t is
not part of the ending, as baptism. See Egoism.]

Defn: The practice of too frequently using the word I; hence, a
speaking or writing overmuch of one's self; self-exaltation; self-
praise; the act or practice of magnifying one's self or parading
one's own doings. The word is also used in the sense of egoism.
His excessive egotism, which filled all objects with himself.
Hazlitt.

Syn.
 -- Egotism, Self-conceit, Vanity, Egoism. Self-conceit is an
overweening opinion of one's talents, capacity, attractions, etc.;
egotism is the acting out of self-conceit, or self-importance, in
words and exterior conduct; vanity is inflation of mind arising from
the idea of being thought highly of by others. It shows itself by its
eagerness to catch the notice of others. Egoism is a state in which
the feelings are concentrated on one's self. Its expression is
egotism.

EGOTIST
E"go*tist, n. Etym: [L. ego I + ending -tist for -ist. See Egotism,
and cf. Egoist.]

Defn: One addicted to egotism; one who speaks much of himself or
magnifies his own achievements or affairs.

EGOTISTIC; EGOTISTICAL
E`go*tis"tic, E`go*tis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Addicted to, or manifesting, egotism.

Syn.
 -- Conceited; vain; self-important; opinionated.

EGOTISTICALLY
E`go*tis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: With egotism.

EGOTIZE
E"go*tize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Egotized; p. pr. & vb. n. Egotizing.]
Etym: [See Egotism.]

Defn: To talk or write as an egotist. Cowper.

EGRANULOSE
E*gran"u*lose`, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + granule.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having no granules, as chlorophyll in certain conditions. R.
Brown.

EGRE
E"gre, a. & n.

Defn: See Eager, and Eagre. [Obs.]

EGREGIOUS
E*gre"gious, a. Etym: [L. egregius; lit., separated or chosen from
the herd, i. e., distinguished, excellent; e out + grex, gregis,
herd. See Gregarious.]

Defn: Surpassing; extraordinary; distinguished (in a bad sense); --
formerly used with words importing a good quality, but now joined
with words having a bad sense; as, an egregious rascal; an egregious
ass; an egregious mistake.
The egregious impudence of this fellow. Bp. Hall.
His [Wyclif's] egregious labors are not to be neglected. Milton.

EGREGIOUSLY
E*gre"gious*ly, adv.

Defn: Greatly; enormously; shamefully; as, egregiously cheated.

EGREGIOUSNESS
E*gre"gious*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being egregious.

EGREMOIN
Eg"re*moin, n. Etym: [See Agrimony.]

Defn: Agrimony (Agrimonia Eupatoria). [Obs.] Chaucer.

EGRESS
E"gress, n. Etym: [L. egressus, fr. egredi to go out; e out + gradi
to go. See Grade.]

1. The act of going out or leaving, or the power to leave; departure.
Embarred from all egress and regress. Holland.
Gates of burning adamant, Barred over us, prohibit all egress.
Milton.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The passing off from the sun's disk of an inferior planet, in a
transit.

EGRESS
E*gress", v. i.

Defn: To go out; to depart; to leave.

EGRESSION
E*gres"sion, n. Etym: [L. egressio.]

Defn: The act of going; egress. [R.] B. Jonson.

EGRESSOR
E*gress"or, n.

Defn: One who goes out. [R.]

EGRET
E"gret, n. Etym: [See Aigret, Heron.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The name of several species of herons which bear plumes on the
back. They are generally white. Among the best known species are the
American egret (Ardea, or Herodias, egretta); the great egret (A.
alba); the little egret (A. garzetta), of Europe; and the American
snowy egret (A. candidissima).
A bunch of egrets killed for their plumage. G. W. Cable.

2. A plume or tuft of feathers worn as a part of a headdress, or
anything imitating such an ornament; an aigrette.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The flying feathery or hairy crown of seeds or achenes, as the
down of the thistle.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of ape.

EGRETTE
E*grette", n. Etym: [See Aigrette.]

Defn: Same as Egret, n.,

2.

EGRIMONY
Eg"ri*mo*ny, Etym: [Corrupted fr. agrimony.] (Bot.)

Defn: The herb agrimony. [Obs.]

EGRIMONY
Eg"ri*mo*ny, n. Etym: [L. aegrimonia.]

Defn: Sorrow. [Obs.]

EGRIOT
E"gri*ot, n. Etym: [F. aigrette, griotte, formerly agriote; cf. aigre
sour.]

Defn: A kind of sour cherry. Bacon.

EGRITUDE
E"gri*tude, n. Etym: [L. aegritudo, fr. aeger sick.]

Defn: Sickness; ailment; sorrow. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

EGYPTIAN
E*gyp"tian, a. Etym: [L. Aegyptius, Gr. Aegyptus) Egypt: cf. F.
égyptien. Cf. Gypsy.]

Defn: Pertaining to Egypt, in Africa. Egyptian bean. (Bot.) (a) The
beanlike fruit of an aquatic plant (Nelumbium speciosum), somewhat
resembling the water lily. (b) See under Bean,

1.
 -- Egyptian cross. See Illust. (No. 6) of Cross.
 -- Egyptian thorn (Bot.), a medium-sized tree (Acacia vera). It is
one of the chief sources of the best gum arabic.

EGYPTIAN
E*gyp"tian, n.

1. A native, or one of the people, of Egypt; also, the Egyptian
language.

2. A gypsy. [Obs.] Shak.

EGYPTIZE
E"gypt*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Egyptized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Egyptizing.]

Defn: To give an Egyptian character or appearance to. Fairbairn.

EGYPTOLOGER; EGYPTOLOGIST
E`gyp*tol"o*ger, E`gyp*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One skilled in the antiquities of Egypt; a student of
Egyptology.

EGYPTOLOGICAL
E*gyp`to*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or devoted to, Egyptology.

EGYPTOLOGY
E`gyp*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Egypt + -logy.]

Defn: The science or study of Egyptian antiquities, esp. the
hieroglyphics.

EH
Eh, interj. Etym: [OE. ei, ey.]

Defn: An expression of inquiry or slight surprise.

EHLITE
Eh"lite, n. Etym: [From Ehl near Linz, where it occurs.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a green color and pearly luster; a hydrous
phosphate of copper.

EIDER
Ei"der, n. Etym: [Of Scand. origin, cf. Icel æ; akin to Sw. eider,
Dan. ederfugl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of sea duck of the genus Somateria, esp. Somateria
mollissima, which breeds in the northern parts of Europe and America,
and lines its nest with fine down (taken from its own body) which is
an article of commerce; -- called also eider duck. The American eider
(S. Dresseri), the king eider (S. spectabilis), and the spectacled
eider (Arctonetta Fischeri) are related species. Eider down. Etym:
[Cf. Icel. æ\'ebardun, Sw. eiderdun, Dan. ederduun.] Down of the
eider duck, much sought after as an article of luxury.

EIDOGRAPH
Ei"do*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. graph.]

Defn: An instrument for copying drawings on the same or a different
scale; a form of the pantograph.

EIDOLON
Ei*do"lon, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Idol.]

Defn: An image or representation; a form; a phantom; an apparition.
Sir W. Scott.

EIGH
Eigh, interj.

Defn: An exclamation expressing delight.

EIGHT
Eight, n. Etym: [See Ait.]

Defn: An island in a river; an ait. [Obs.] "Osiers on their eights."
Evelyn.

EIGHT
Eight, a. Etym: [AS. eahta; akin to OS. ahto, OFries. achta, D. & G.
acht, OHG. ahto, Icel. atta, Sw. åtta, Dan. otte, Goth. ahtau, Lith.
aszt, Ir. & Gael. ochd, W. wyth, Armor. eich, eiz, L. octo, Gr. ash.
Octave.]

Defn: Seven and one; as, eight years.

EIGHT
Eight, n.

1. The number greater by a unit than seven; eight units or objects.

2. A symbol representing eight units, as 8 or viii.

EIGHTEEN
Eight"een`, a. Etym: [AS. eahtat, eahtat. See Eight, and Ten, and cf.
Eighty.]

Defn: Eight and ten; as, eighteen pounds.

EIGHTEEN
Eight"een`, n.

1. The number greater by a unit than seventeen; eighteen units or
objects.

2. A symbol denoting eighteen units, as 18 or xviii.

EIGHTEENMO
Eight`een"mo, a. & n.

Defn: See Octodecimo.

EIGHTEENTH
Eight"eenth`, a. Etym: [From Eighteen.]

1. Next in order after the seventeenth.

2. Consisting of one of eighteen equal parts or divisions of a thing.

EIGHTEENTH
Eight"eenth`, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by eighteen; one of eighteen equal
parts or divisions.

2. The eighth after the tenth.

EIGHTETETHE
Eight"e*teth`e, a. Etym: [OE., fr. AS. eahtateó; eahta eight + teó
tenth. Cf. Eighteenth, Tenth.]

Defn: Eighteenth. [Obs.]

EIGHTFOLD
Eight"fold`, a.

Defn: Eight times a quantity.

EIGHTH
Eighth, a. Etym: [AS. eahto.]

1. Next in order after the seventh.

2. Consisting of one of eight equal divisions of a thing. Eighth note
(Mus.), the eighth part of a whole note, or semibreve; a quaver.

EIGHTH
Eighth, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by eight; one of eight equal parts;
an eighth part.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The interval of an octave.

EIGHTHLY
Eighth"ly, adv.

Defn: As the eighth in order.

EIGHTIETH
Eight"i*eth, a. Etym: [From Eighty.]

1. The next in order after seventy-ninth.

2. Consisting of one of eighty equal parts or divisions.

EIGHTIETH
Eight"i*eth, n.

Defn: The quotient of a unit divided by eighty; one of eighty equal
parts.

EIGHTLING
Eight"ling, n. Etym: [Eight + -ling.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A compound or twin crystal made up of eight individuals.

EIGHTSCORE
Eight"score`, a. & n.

Defn: Eight times twenty; a hundred and sixty.

EIGHTY
Eight"y, a. Etym: [AS. eahtatig, where the ending -tig is akin to
English ten; cf. G. achtzig. See Eight, and Ten.]

Defn: Eight times ten; fourscore.

EIGHTY
Eight"y, n.

1. The sum of eight times ten; eighty units or objects.

2. A symbol representing eighty units, or ten eight times repeated,
as 80 or lxxx.

EIGNE
Eigne, a. Etym: [OF. aisné, ainsné, F. aîné, fr. L. ante natus born
before. Cf. Esnecy.]

1. (Law)

Defn: Eldest; firstborn. Blackstone.

2. Entailed; belonging to the eldest son. [Obs.] Bastard eigne, a
bastard eldest son whose parents afterwards intermarry.

EIKING
Eik"ing, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Eking.

EIKON
Ei"kon, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: An image or effigy; -- used rather in an abstract sense, and
rarely for a work of art.

EIKONOGEN
Ei*kon"o*gen, n. [Gr. e'ikw`n, e'iko`nos, image + root of gi`gnesqai
to be born.] (Photog. & Chem.)

Defn: The sodium salt of a sulphonic acid of a naphthol,
C10H5(OH)(NH2)SO3Na used as a developer.

EIKOSANE
Ei"ko*sane, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A solid hydrocarbon, C20H42, of the paraffine series, of
artificial production, and also probably occurring in petroleum.

EIKOSYLENE
Ei*kos"y*lene, n. Etym: [Gr. ylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon, C20H38, of the acetylene series, obtained
from brown coal.

EILD
Eild, n. Etym: [See Eld.]

Defn: Age. [Obs.] Fairfax.

EIRE
Eire, n.

Defn: Air. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EIRENARCH
Ei`re*narch, n. Etym: [See Irenarch.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A justice of the peace; irenarch.

EIRENIC
Ei*ren"ic, a.

Defn: Pacific. See Irenic.

EIRIE
Ei"rie, n.

Defn: See Aerie, and Eyrie.

EISEL
Ei"sel, n. Etym: [OF. aisil, aissil, fr. L. acet. Cf. Acetic.]

Defn: Vinegar; verjuice. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

EISTEDDFOD
Eis*tedd"fod, n. Etym: [W., session, fr. eistedd to sit.]

Defn: Am assembly or session of the Welsh bards; an annual congress
of bards, minstrels and literati of Wales, -- being a patriotic
revival of the old custom.

EITHER
Ei"ther, a. & pron. Etym: [OE. either, aither, AS. , (akin to OHG. ,
MHG. iegeweder); a + ge + hwæ whether. See Each, and Whether, and cf.
Or, conj.]

1. One of two; the one or the other; -- properly used of two things,
but sometimes of a larger number, for any one.
Lepidus flatters both, Of both is flattered; but he neither loves,
Nor either cares for him. Shak.
Scarce a palm of ground could be gotten by either of the three.
Bacon.
There have been three talkers in Great British, either of whom would
illustrate what I say about dogmatists. Holmes.

2. Each of two; the one and the other; both; -- formerly, also, each
of any number.
His flowing hair In curls on either cheek played. Milton.
On either side . . . was there the tree of life. Rev. xxii. 2.
The extreme right and left of either army never engaged. Jowett
(Thucyd).

EITHER
Ei"ther, conj. Either

Defn: precedes two, or more, coördinate words or phrases, and is
introductory to an alternative. It is correlative to or.
Either he is talking, or he is pursuing, or he is in a journey, or
peradventure he sleepeth. 1 Kings xviii. 27.
Few writers hesitate to use either in what is called a triple
alternative; such as, We must either stay where we are, proceed, or
recede. Latham.

Note: Either was formerly sometimes used without any correlation, and
where we should now use or.
Can the fig tree, my brethren, bear olive berries either a vine, figs
James iii. 12.

EJACULATE
E*jac"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ejaculated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ejaculating.] Etym: [L. ejaculatus, p. p. of ejaculari to throw out;
e out + ejaculari to throw, fr. jaculum javelin, dart, fr. jacere to
throw. See Eject.]

1. To throw out suddenly and swiftly, as if a dart; to dart; to
eject. [Archaic or Technical]
Its active rays ejaculated thence. Blackmore.

2. To throw out, as an exclamation; to utter by a brief and sudden
impulse; as, to ejaculate a prayer.

EJACULATE
E*jac"u*late, v. i.

Defn: To utter ejaculations; to make short and hasty exclamations.
[R.] "Ejaculating to himself." Sir W. Scott.

EJACULATION
E*jac`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. éjaculation.]

1. The act of throwing or darting out with a sudden force and rapid
flight. [Archaic or Technical] "An ejaculation or irradiation of the
eye." Bacon.

2. The uttering of a short, sudden exclamation or prayer, or the
exclamation or prayer uttered.
In your dressing, let there be jaculations fitted to the several
actions of dressing. Jer. Taylor.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act of ejecting or suddenly throwing, as a fluid from a
duct.

EJACULATOR
E*jac"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [NL. See Ejaculate.] (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which helps ejaculation.

EJACULATORY
E*jac"u*la*to*ry, a.

1. Casting or throwing out; fitted to eject; as, ejaculatory vessels.

2. Suddenly darted out; uttered in short sentences; as, an
ejaculatory prayer or petition.

3. Sudden; hasty. [Obs.] "Ejaculatory repentances, that take us by
fits and starts." L'Estrange.

EJECT
E*ject", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ejected; p. pr. & vb. n. Ejecting.]
Etym: [L. ejectus, p. p. of ejicere; e out + jacere to throw. See Jet
a shooting forth.]

1. To expel; to dismiss; to cast forth; to thrust or drive out; to
discharge; as, to eject a person from a room; to eject a traitor from
the country; to eject words from the language. "Eyes ejecting flame."
H. Brooke.

2. (Law)

Defn: To cast out; to evict; to dispossess; as, to eject tenants from
an estate.

Syn.
 -- To expel; banish; drive out; discharge; oust; evict; dislodge;
extrude; void.

EJECTA
E*jec"ta, n. pl. [L., neut. pl. of ejectus cast out. See Eject.]

Defn: Matter ejected; material thrown out; as, the ejecta of a
volcano; the ejecta, or excreta, of the body.

EJECTION
E*jec"tion, n. Etym: [L. ejectio: cf. F. éjection.]

1. The act of ejecting or casting out; discharge; expulsion;
evacuation. "Vast ejection of ashes." Eustace. "The ejection of a
word." Johnson.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act or process of discharging anything from the body,
particularly the excretions.

3. The state of being ejected or cast out; dispossession; banishment.

EJECTMENT
E*ject"ment, n.

1. A casting out; a dispossession; an expulsion; ejection; as, the
ejectment of tenants from their homes.

2. (Law)

Defn: A species of mixed action, which lies for the recovery of
possession of real property, and damages and costs for the wrongful
withholding of it. Wharton.

EJECTOR
E*ject"or, n.

1. One who, or that which, ejects or dispossesses.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A jet jump for lifting water or withdrawing air from a space.
Ejector condenser (Steam Engine), a condenser in which the vacuum is
maintained by a jet pump.

EJOO
E"joo, n. Etym: [Malay ij or hij.]

Defn: Gomuti fiber. See Gomuti.

EJULATION
Ej`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. ejulatio, fr. ejulare to wail, lament.]

Defn: A wailing; lamentation. [Obs.] "Ejulation in the pangs of
death." Philips.

EKABOR; EKABORON
Ek"a*bor`, Ek"a*bo"ron, n. Etym: [G., fr. Skr. one + G. bor, boron,
E. boron.] (Chem.)

Defn: The name given by Mendelejeff in accordance with the periodic
law, and by prediction, to a hypothetical element then unknown, but
since discovered and named scandium; -- so called because it was a
missing analogue of the boron group. See Scandium.

EKALUMINIUM
Ek*al`u*min"i*um, n. Etym: [Skr. one + E. aluminium.] (Chem.)

Defn: The name given to a hypothetical element, -- later discovered
and called gallium. See Gallium, and cf. Ekabor.

EKASILICON
Ek`a*sil"i*con, n. Etym: [Skr. one + E. silicon.] (Chem.)

Defn: The name of a hypothetical element predicted and afterwards
discovered and named germanium; -- so called because it was a missing
analogue of the silicon group. See Germanium, and cf. Ekkabor.

EKE
Eke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eked; p. pr. & vb. n. Eking.] Etym: [AS.
ekan, ykan; akin to OFries, aka, OS. , OHG. ouhhon to add, Icel. auka
to increase, Sw. öka, Dan. öge, Goth. aukan, L. augere, Skr.
strength, ugra mighty, and probably to English wax, v. i. Cf.
Augment, Nickname.]

Defn: To increase; to add to; to augment; -- now commonly used with
out, the notion conveyed being to add to, or piece out by a
laborious, inferior, or scanty addition; as, to eke out a scanty
supply of one kind with some other. "To eke my pain." Spenser.
He eked out by his wits an income of barely fifty pounds. Macaulay.

EKE
Eke, adv. Etym: [AS. eác; akin to OFries. ák, OS. , D. , OHG. ouh, G.
auch, Icel. auk, Sw. och and, Dan. og, Goth. auk for, but. Prob. from
the preceding verb.]

Defn: In addition; also; likewise. [Obs. or Archaic]
'T will be prodigious hard to prove That this is eke the throne of
love. Prior.
A trainband captain eke was he Of famous London town. Cowper.

Note: Eke serves less to unite than to render prominent a subjoined
more important sentence or notion. Mätzner.

EKE
Eke, n.

Defn: An addition. [R.]
Clumsy ekes that may well be spared. Geddes.

EKEBERGITE
Ek"e*berg`ite, n. Etym: [From Ekeberg, a German.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of scapolite.

EKENAME
Eke"name`, n. Etym: [See Nickname.]

Defn: An additional or epithet name; a nickname. [Obs.]

EKING
Ek"ing, n. Etym: [From Eke, v. t.] (Shipbuilding)
(a) A lengthening or filling piece to make good a deficiency in
length.
(b) The carved work under the quarter piece at the aft part of the
quarter gallery. [Written also eiking.]

E-LA
E"-la`, n.

Defn: Originally, the highest note in the scale of Guido; hence,
proverbially, any extravagant saying. "Why, this is above E-la!"
Beau. & Fl.

ELABORATE
E*lab"o*rate, a. Etym: [L. elaboratus, p. p. of elaborare to work
out; e out + laborare to labor, labor labor. See Labor.]

Defn: Wrought with labor; finished with great care; studied; executed
with exactness or painstaking; as, an elaborate discourse; an
elaborate performance; elaborate research.
Drawn to the life in each elaborate page. Waller.

Syn.
 -- Labored; complicated; studied; perfected; high-wrought.
 -- E*lab"o*rate*ly, adv.
 -- E*lab"o*rate*ness, n.

ELABORATE
E*lab"o*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elaborated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Elaborating.]

1. To produce with labor
They in full joy elaborate a sigh, Young.

2. To perfect with painstaking; to improve or refine with labor and
study, or by successive operations; as, to elaborate a painting or a
literary work.
The sap is . . . still more elaborated and exalted as it circulates
through the vessels of the plant. Arbuthnot.

ELABORATED
elaborated adj.

Defn: developed or executed with care and in minute detail; as, the
carefully elaborated theme.
Syn. -- detailed, elaborate.
[WordNet 1.5]

ELABORATION
E*lab`o*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. elaboratio: cf. F. élaboration.]

1. The act or process of producing or refining with labor;
improvement by successive operations; refinement.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The natural process of formation or assimilation, performed by
the living organs in animals and vegetables, by which a crude
substance is changed into something of a higher order; as, the
elaboration of food into chyme; the elaboration of chyle, or sap, or
tissues.

ELABORATIVE
E*lab"o*ra*tive, a.

Defn: Serving or tending to elaborate; constructing with labor and
minute attention to details. Elaborative faculty (Metaph.), the
intellectual power of discerning relations and of viewing objects by
means of, or in, relations; the discursive faculty; thought.

ELABORATOR
E*lab"o*ra`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, elaborates.

ELABORATORY
E*lab"o*ra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to elaborate.

ELABORATORY
E*lab"o*ra*to*ry, n.

Defn: A laboratory. [Obs.]

ELAEAGNUS
E`læ*ag"nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs or small trees, having the foliage covered
with small silvery scales; oleaster.

ELAEIS
E*læ"is, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of palms.

Note: Elæis Guineensis, the African oil palm, is a tree twenty or
thirty feet high, with immense pinnate leaves and large masses of
fruit. The berries are rather larger than olives, and when boiled in
water yield the orange-red palm oil.

ELAEOLITE
E*læ"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of hephelite, usually massive, of greasy luster, and
gray to reddish color. Elæolite syenite, a kind of syenite
characterized by the presence of elæolite.

ELAEOPTENE
E`læ*op"tene, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: The more liquid or volatile portion of certain oily substance,
as distinguished from stearoptene, the more solid parts. [Written
also elaoptene.]

ELAIDATE
E*la"i*date, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of elaidic acid.

ELAIDIC
E`la*id"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. élaïdique. See Elaine.]

Defn: Relating to oleic acid, or elaine. Elaidic acid (Chem.), a
fatty acid isomeric with oleic acid, and obtained from it by the
action of nitrous acid.

ELAIDIN
E*la"i*din, n. Etym: [Cf. F. élaïdine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A solid isomeric modification of olein.

ELAINE; ELAIN
E*la"ine, or E*la"in, n. Etym: [Gr. élaïne.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Olein.

ELAIODIC
E`lai*od"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Derived from castor oil; ricinoleic; as, elaiodic acid. [R.]

ELAIOMETER
E`lai*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus for determining the amount of oil contained in any
substance, or for ascertaining the degree of purity of oil.

ELAMITE
E"lam*ite, n.

Defn: A dweller in Flam (or Susiana), an ancient kingdom of
Southwestern Asia, afterwards a province of Persia.

ELAMPING
E*lamp"ing, a. Etym: [See Lamp.]

Defn: Shining. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

ELAN
e`lan", b. Etym: [F., fr. élancer to dart.]

Defn: Ardor inspired by passion or enthusiasm.

ELANCE
E*lance", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elanced; p. pr. & vb. n. Elancing.]
Etym: [F. élancer, OF. eslancier; pref. es- (L. ex) + F. lancer to
dart, throw, fr. lance.]

Defn: To throw as a lance; to hurl; to dart. [R.]
While thy unerring hand elanced . . . a dart. Prior.

ELAND
E"land, n. Etym: [D. eland elk, of Slav. origin; cf. Pol. jelen stag,
Russ. oléne, Lith. elnis; perh. akin to E. elk.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of large South African antelope (Oreas canna). It is
valued both for its hide and flesh, and is rapidly disappearing in
the settled districts; -- called also Cape elk.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The elk or moose.

ELANET
E*la"net, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kite of the genus Elanus.

ELAOLITE
E*la"o*lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Elæolite.

ELAOPTENE
E`la*op"tene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Elæoptene.

ELAPHINE
El"a*phine, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, resembling, or characteristic of, the stag, or
Cervus elaphus.

ELAPHURE
El"a*phure, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of deer (Elaphurus Davidianus) found in china. It
about four feet high at the shoulder and has peculiar antlers.

ELAPIDATION
E*lap`i*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. elapidatus cleared from stones; e out +
lapis stone.]

Defn: A clearing away of stones. [R.]

ELAPINE
El"a*pine, a. Etym: [See Elaps.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the Elapidæ, a family of poisonous
serpents, including the cobras. See Ophidia.

ELAPS
E"laps, n. Etym: [NL., of uncertain origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of venomous snakes found both in America and the Old
World. Many species are known. See Coral snake, under Coral.

ELAPSE
E*lapse", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Elapsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Elapsing.]
Etym: [L. elapsus, p. p. of elabi to glide away; e out + labi to
fall, slide. See Lapse.]

Defn: To slip or glide away; to pass away silently, as time; -- used
chiefly in reference to time.
Eight days elapsed; at length a pilgrim came. Hoole.

ELAPSION
E*lap"sion, n.

Defn: The act of elapsing. [R.]

ELAQUEATE
E*la"que*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. elaqueatus, p. p. of elaqueare to
unfetter.]

Defn: To disentangle. [R.]

ELASIPODA
El`a*sip"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of holothurians mostly found in the deep sea. They are
remarkable for their bilateral symmetry and curious forms. [Written
also Elasmopoda.]

ELASMOBRANCH
E*las"mo*branch, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Elasmobranchii.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Elasmobranchii.

ELASMOBRANCHIATE
E*las`mo*bran"chi*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Elasmobranchii.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Elasmobranchii.

ELASMOBRANCHII
E*las`mo*bran"chi*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. branchia a gill.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A subclass of fishes, comprising the sharks, the rays, and the
Chimæra. The skeleton is mainly cartilaginous.

ELASMOSAURUS
E*las`mo*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct, long-necked, marine, cretaceous reptile from
Kansas, allied to Plesiosaurus.

ELASTIC
E*las"tic, a. Etym: [Formed fr. Gr. alacer lively, brisk, and E.
alacrity: cf. F. élastique.]

1. Springing back; having a power or inherent property of returning
to the form from which a substance is bent, drawn, pressed, or
twisted; springy; having the power of rebounding; as, a bow is
elastic; the air is elastic; India rubber is elastic.
Capable of being drawn out by force like a piece of elastic gum, and
by its own elasticity returning, when the force is removed, to its
former position. Paley.

2. Able to return quickly to a former state or condition, after being
depressed or overtaxed; having power to recover easily from shocks
and trials; as, elastic spirits; an elastic constitution. Elastic
bitumen. (Min.) See Elaterite.
 -- Elastic curve. (a) (Geom.) The curve made by a thin elastic rod
fixed horizontally at one end and loaded at the other. (b) (Mech.)
The figure assumed by the longitudinal axis of an originally straight
bar under any system of bending forces. Rankine.
 -- Elastic fluids, those which have the property of expanding in all
directions on the removal of external pressure, as the air, steam,
and other gases and vapors.
 -- Elastic limit (Mech.), the limit of distortion, by bending,
stretching, etc., that a body can undergo and yet return to its
original form when relieved from stress; also, the unit force or
stress required to produce this distortion. Within the elastic limit
the distortion is directly proportional to the stress producing it.
 -- Elastic tissue (Anat.), a variety of connective tissue consisting
of a network of slender and very elastic fibers which are but
slightly affected by acids or alkalies.
 -- Gum elastic, caoutchouc.

ELASTIC
E*las"tic, n.

Defn: An elastic woven fabric, as a belt, braces or suspenders, etc.,
made in part of India rubber. [Colloq.]

ELASTICAL
E*las"tic*al, a.

Defn: Elastic. [R.] Bentley.

ELASTICALLY
E*las"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an elastic manner; by an elastic power; with a spring.

ELASTICITY
E`las*tic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. élasticité.]

1. The quality of being elastic; the inherent property in bodies by
which they recover their former figure or dimensions, after the
removal of external pressure or altering force; springiness; tendency
to rebound; as, the elasticity of caoutchouc; the elasticity of the
air.

2. Power of resistance to, or recovery from, depression or overwork.
Coefficient of elasticity, the quotient of a stress (of a given
kind), by the strain (of a given kind) which it produces; -- called
also coefficient of resistance.
 -- Surface of elasticity (Geom.), the pedal surface of an ellipsoid
(see Pedal); a surface used in explaining the phenomena of double
refraction and their relation to the elastic force of the luminous
ether in crystalline media.

ELASTICNESS
E*las"tic*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being elastic; elasticity.

ELASTIN
E*las"tin, n. Etym: [Elastic + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous substance, somewhat resembling albumin, which
forms the chemical basis of elastic tissue. It is very insoluble in
most fluids, but is gradually dissolved when digested with either
pepsin or trypsin.

ELATE
E*late", a. Etym: [L. elatus elevated, fig., elated, proud (the
figure, perh., being borrowed from a prancing horse); e out + latus
(used as p. p. of ferre to bear), for tlatus, and akin to E.
tolerate. See Tolerate, and cf. Extol.]

1. Lifted up; raised; elevated.
With upper lip elate. Fenton.
And sovereign law, that State's collected will, O'er thrones and
globes, elate, Sits empress, crowning good, repressing ill. Sir W.
Jones.

2. Having the spirits raised by success, or by hope; flushed or
exalted with confidence; elated; exultant.
O, thoughtless mortals! ever blind to fate, Too soon dejected, and
dejected, and too soon elate. Pope.
Our nineteenth century is wonderfully set up in its own esteem,
wonderfully elate at its progress. Mrs. H. H. Jackson.

Syn.
 -- Puffed up; lofty; proud; haughty; exalted; inspirited;
transported; delighted; overjoyed.

ELATE
E*late", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elated; p. pr. & vb. n. Elating.]

1. To raise; to exalt. [R.]
By the potent sun elated high. Thomson.

2. To exalt the spirit of; to fill with confidence or exultation; to
elevate or flush with success; to puff up; to make proud.
Foolishly elated by spiritual pride. Warburton.
You ought not be elated at the chance mishaps of your enemies. Jowett
(Thucyd. ).

ELATEDLY
E*lat"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: With elation.

ELATEDNESS
E*lat"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being elated.

ELATER
E*lat"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, elates.

ELATER
El"a*ter, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An elastic spiral filament for dispersing the spores, as in
some liverworts.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any beetle of the family Elateridæ, having the habit, when laid
on the back, of giving a sudden upward spring, by a quick movement of
the articulation between the abdomen and thorax; -- called also click
beetle, spring beetle, and snapping beetle.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The caudal spring used by Podura and related insects for
leaping. See Collembola.

ELATER
El"a*ter, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The active principle of elaterium, being found in the juice of
the wild or squirting cucumber (Ecballium agreste, formerly Motordica
Elaterium) and other related species. It is extracted as a bitter,
white, crystalline substance, which is a violent purgative.

ELATERITE
El"a*ter*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral resin, of a blackish brown color, occurring in soft,
flexible masses; -- called also mineral caoutchouc, and elastic
bitumen.

ELATERIUM
El`a*te"ri*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Elater.]

Defn: A cathartic substance obtained, in the form of yellowish or
greenish cakes, as the dried residue of the juice of the wild or
squirting cucumber (Ecballium agreste, formerly called Momordica
Elaterium).

ELATEROMETER
El`a*ter*om"e*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Elatrometer.

ELATERY
El"a*ter*y, n. Etym: [See 2d Elater.]

Defn: Acting force; elasticity. [Obs.] Ray.

ELATION
E*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. elatio. See Elate.]

Defn: A lifting up by success; exaltation; inriation with pride of
prosperity. "Felt the elation of triumph." Sir W. Scott.

ELATIVE
E*la"tive, a. (Gram.)

Defn: Raised; lifted up; -- a term applied to what is also called the
absolute superlative, denoting a high or intense degree of a quality,
but not excluding the idea that an equal degree may exist in other
cases.

ELATROMETER
El`a*trom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the degree of rarefaction of air
contained in the receiver of an air pump. [Spelt also elaterometer.]

ELAYL
E*la"yl, n. Etym: [Gr. yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Olefiant gas or ethylene; -- so called by Berzelius from its
forming an oil combining with chlorine. [Written also elayle.] See
Ethylene.

ELBOW
El"bow, n. Etym: [AS. elboga, elnboga (akin to D. elleboga, OHG.
elinbogo, G. ellbogen, ellenbogen, Icel. ; prop.; arm-bend); eln ell
(orig., forearm) + boga a bending. See 1st Ell, and 4th Bow.]

1. The joint or bend of the arm; the outer curve in the middle of the
arm when bent.
Her arms to the elbows naked. R. of Gloucester.

2. Any turn or bend like that of the elbow, in a wall, building, and
the like; a sudden turn in a line of coast or course of a river;
also, an angular or jointed part of any structure, as the raised arm
of a chair or sofa, or a short pipe fitting, turning at an angle or
bent.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A sharp angle in any surface of wainscoting or other woodwork;
the upright sides which flank any paneled work, as the sides of
windows, where the jamb makes an elbow with the window back. Gwilt.

Note: Elbow is used adjectively or as part of a compound, to denote
something shaped like, or acting like, an elbow; as, elbow joint;
elbow tongs or elbow-tongs; elbowroom, elbow-room, or elbow room. At
the elbow, very near; at hand.
 -- Elbow grease, energetic application of force in manual labor.
[Low] -- Elbow in the hawse (Naut.), the twisting together of two
cables by which a vessel rides at anchor, caused by swinging
completely round once. Totten.
 -- Elbow scissors (Surg.), scissors bent in the blade or shank for
convenience in cutting. Knight.
 -- Out at elbow, with coat worn through at the elbows; shabby; in
needy circumstances.

ELBOW
El"bow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elbowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Elbowing.]

Defn: To push or hit with the elbow, as when one pushes by another.
They [the Dutch] would elbow our own aldermen off the Royal Exchange.
Macaulay.
To elbow one's way, to force one's way by pushing with the elbows;
as, to elbow one's way through a crowd.

ELBOW
El"bow, v. i.

1. To jut into an angle; to project or to bend after the manner of an
elbow.

2. To push rudely along; to elbow one's way. "Purseproud, elbowing
Insolence." Grainger.

ELBOWBOARD
El"bow*board`, n.

Defn: The base of a window casing, on which the elbows may rest.

ELBOWCHAIR
El"bow*chair`, n.

Defn: A chair with arms to support the elbows; an armchair. Addison.

ELBOWROOM
El"bow*room`, n.

Defn: Room to extend the elbows on each side; ample room for motion
or action; free scope. "My soul hath elbowroom." Shak.
Then came a stretch of grass and a little more elbowroom. W. G.
Norris.

ELCAJA
El*ca"ja, n. Etym: [Ar.] (Bot.)

Defn: An Arabian tree (Trichilia emetica). The fruit, which is
emetic, is sometimes employed in the composition of an ointment for
the cure of the itch.

ELCESAITE
El*ce"sa*ite, n. Etym: [From Elcesai, the leader of the sect.]
(Eccl.)

Defn: One of a sect of Asiatic Gnostics of the time of the Emperor
Trajan.

ELD
Eld, a. Etym: [AS. eald.]

Defn: Old. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ELD
Eld, n. Etym: [AS. yldu, yldo, eldo, old age, fr. ald, eald, old. See
Old.]

1. Age; esp., old age. [Obs. or Archaic]
As sooth is said, eelde hath great avantage. Chaucer.
Great Nature, ever young, yet full of eld. Spenser.

2. Old times; former days; antiquity. [Poetic]
Astrologers and men of eld. Longfellow.

ELD
Eld, v. i.

Defn: To age; to grow old. [Obs.]

ELD
Eld, v. t.

Defn: To make old or ancient. [Obs.]
Time, that eldeth all things. Rom. of R.

ELDER
Eld"er, a. Etym: [AS. yldra, compar. of eald old. See Old.]

1. Older; more aged, or existing longer.
Let the elder men among us emulate their own earlier deeds. Jowett
(Thucyd. )

2. Born before another; prior in years; senior; earlier; older; as,
his elder brother died in infancy; -- opposed to Ant: younger, and
now commonly applied to a son, daughter, child, brother, etc.
The elder shall serve the younger. Gen. xxv. 23.
But ask of elder days, earth's vernal hour. Keble.
Elder hand (Card Playing), the hand playing, or having the right to
play, first. Hoyle.

ELDER
Eld"er, n. Etym: [AS. ealdor an elder, prince, fr. eald old. See Old,
and cf. Elder, a., Alderman.]

1. One who is older; a superior in age; a senior. 1 Tim. v. 1.

2. An aged person; one who lived at an earlier period; a predecessor.
Carry your head as your elders have done. L'Estrange.

3. A person who, on account of his age, occupies the office of ruler
or judge; hence, a person occupying any office appropriate to such as
have the experience and dignity which age confers; as, the elders of
Israel; the elders of the synagogue; the elders in the apostolic
church.

Note: In the modern Presbyterian churches, elders are lay officers
who, with the minister, compose the church session, with authority to
inspect and regulate matters of religion and discipline. In some
churches, pastors or clergymen are called elders, or presbyters.

4. (M. E. Ch.)

Defn: A clergyman authorized to administer all the sacraments; as, a
traveling elder. Presiding elder (Meth. Ch.), an elder commissioned
by a bishop to have the oversight of the churches and preachers in a
certain district.
 -- Ruling elder, a lay presbyter or member of a Presbyterian church
session. Schaff.

ELDER
El"der, n. Etym: [OE. ellern, eller, AS. ellen, cf. LG. elloorn;
perh. akin to OHG. holantar, holuntar, G. holunder; or perh. to E.
alder, n.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs (Sambucus) having broad umbels of white
flowers, and small black or red berries.

Note: The common North American species is Sambucus Canadensis; the
common European species (S. nigra) forms a small tree. The red-
berried elder is S. pubens. The berries are diaphoretic and aperient.
Box elder. See under 1st Box.
 -- Dwarf elder. See Danewort.
 -- Elder tree. (Bot.) Same as Elder. Shak.
 -- Marsh elder, the cranberry tree Viburnum Opulus).

ELDERBERRY
El"der*ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The berrylike drupe of the elder. That of the Old World elder
(Sambucus nigra) and that of the American sweet elder (S. Canadensis)
are sweetish acid, and are eaten as a berry or made into wine.

ELDERISH
Eld"er*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat old; elderly. [R.]

ELDERLY
Eld"er*ly, a.

Defn: Somewhat old; advanced beyond middle age; bordering on old age;
as, elderly people.

ELDERN
El"dern, a.

Defn: Made of elder. [Obs.]
He would discharge us as boys do eldern guns. Marston.

ELDERSHIP
Eld"er*ship, n.

1. The state of being older; seniority. "Paternity an eldership." Sir
W. Raleigh.

2. Office of an elder; collectively, a body of elders.

ELDERWORT
El"der*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Danewort.

ELDEST
Eld"est, a. Etym: [AS. yldest, superl. of eald old. See Elder, a.]

1. Oldest; longest in duration. Shak.

2. Born or living first, or before the others, as a son, daughter,
brother, etc.; first in origin. See Elder. "My lady's eldest son."
Shak.
Their eldest historians are of suspected credit. Bp. Stillingfleet.
Eldest hand (Card Playing), the player on the dealer's left hand. R.
A. Proctor.

ELDING
El"ding, n. Etym: [Icel. elding, fr. elda to kindle, eldr fire; akin
to AS. æld fire, ælan to burn.]

Defn: Fuel. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

EL DORADO
El` Do*ra"do, pl. El Doradoes (. Etym: [Sp., lit., the gilt (sc.
land); el the + dorado gilt, p. p. of dorare to gild. Cf. Dorado.]

1. A name given by the Spaniards in the 16th century to an imaginary
country in the interior of South America, reputed to abound in gold
and precious stones.

2. Any region of fabulous wealth; exceeding richness.
The whole comedy is a sort of El Dorado of wit. T. Moore.

ELDRITCH
El"dritch, a.

Defn: Hideous; ghastly; as, an eldritch shriek or laugh. [Local,
Eng.]

ELEATIC
E`le*at"ic, a. Etym: [L. eleaticus, from Elea (or Velia) in Italy.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a certain school of Greek philosophers who
taught that the only certain science is that which owes nothing to
the senses, and all to the reason.
 -- n.

Defn: A philosopher of the Eleatic school.

ELEATICISM
E`le*at"i*cism, n.

Defn: The Eleatic doctrine.

ELECAMPANE
El`e*cam*pane", n. Etym: [F. énulecampane, NL. inula campana; L.
inula elecampane + LL. campana a bell; cf. G. glockenwurz, i. e.,
"bellwort."]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A large, coarse herb (Inula Helenium), with composite yellow
flowers. The root, which has a pungent taste, is used as a tonic, and
was formerly of much repute as a stomachic.

2. A sweetmeat made from the root of the plant.

ELECT
E*lect", a. Etym: [L. electus, p. p. of eligere to elect; e out +
legere to choose. See Legend, and cf. Elite, Eclectic.]

1. Chosen; taken by preference from among two or more. "Colors quaint
elect." Spenser.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: Chosen as the object of mercy or divine favor; set apart to
eternal life. "The elect angels." 1 Tim. v. 21.

3. Chosen to an office, but not yet actually inducted into it; as,
bishop elect; governor or mayor elect.

ELECT
E*lect", n.

1. One chosen or set apart.
Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in whom my soul
delighteth. Is. xlii. 1.

2. pl. (Theol.)

Defn: Those who are chosen for salvation.
Shall not God avenge his won elect Luke xviii. 7.

ELECT
E*lect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elected; p. pr. & vb. n. Electing.]

1. To pick out; to select; to choose.
The deputy elected by the Lord. Shak.

2. To select or take for an office; to select by vote; as, to elect a
representative, a president, or a governor.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: To designate, choose, or select, as an object of mercy or
favor.

Syn.
 -- To choose; prefer; select. See Choose.

ELECTANT
E*lect"ant, n. Etym: [L. electans, p. pr. of electare.]

Defn: One who has the power of choosing; an elector. [R.]

ELECTARY
E*lec"ta*ry, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Electuary.

ELECTIC
E*lec"tic, a.

Defn: See Eclectic.

ELECTICISM
E*lec"ti*cism, n.

Defn: See Eclecticism.

ELECTION
E*lec"tion, n. Etym: [F. élection, L. electio, fr. eligere to choose
out. See Elect, a.]

1. The act of choosing; choice; selection.

2. The act of choosing a person to fill an office, or to membership
in a society, as by ballot, uplifted hands, or viva voce; as, the
election of a president or a mayor.
Corruption in elections is the great enemy of freedom. J. Adams.

3. Power of choosing; free will; liberty to choose or act. "By his
own election led to ill." Daniel.

4. Discriminating choice; discernment. [Obs.]
To use men with much difference and election is good. Bacon.

5. (Theol.)

Defn: Divine choice; predestination of individuals as objects of
mercy and salvation; -- one of the "five points" of Calvinism.
There is a remnant according to the election of grace. Rom. xi. 5.

6. (Law)

Defn: The choice, made by a party, of two alternatives, by taking one
of which, the chooser is excluded from the other.

7. Those who are elected. [Obs.]
The election hath obtained it. Rom. xi. 7.
To contest an election. See under Contest.
 -- To make one's election, to choose.
He has made his election to walk, in the main, in the old paths.
Fitzed. Hall.

ELECTIONEER
E*lec`tion*eer", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Electionered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Electioneering.]

Defn: To make interest for a candidate at an election; to use arts
for securing the election of a candidate.
A master of the whole art of electioneering. Macaulay.

ELECTIONEERER
E*lec`tion*eer"er, n.

Defn: One who electioneers.

ELECTIVE
E*lect"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. électif.]

1. Exerting the power of choice; selecting; as, an elective act.

2. Pertaining to, or consisting in, choice, or right of choosing;
electoral.
The independent use of their elective franchise. Bancroft.

3. Dependent on choice; bestowed or passing by election; as, an
elective study; an elective office.
Kings of Rome were at first elective; . . . for such are the
conditions of an elective kingdom. Dryden.
Elective affinity or attraction (Chem.), a tendency to unite with
certain things; chemism.

ELECTIVE
E*lect"ive, n.

Defn: In an American college, an optional study or course of study.
[Colloq.]

ELECTIVELY
E*lect"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an elective manner; by choice.

ELECTOR
E*lect"or, n. Etym: [L., fr. eligere: cf. F. électeur.]

1. One who elects, or has the right of choice; a person who is
entitled to take part in an election, or to give his vote in favor of
a candidate for office.

2. Hence, specifically, in any country, a person legally qualified to
vote.

3. In the old German empire, one of the princes entitled to choose
the emperor.

4. One of the persons chosen, by vote of the people in the United
States, to elect the President and Vice President.

ELECTOR
E*lect"or, a. Etym: [Cf. F. électoral.]

Defn: Pertaining to an election or to electors.
In favor of the electoral and other princes. Burke.
Electoral college, the body of princes formerly entitled to elect the
Emperor of Germany; also, a name sometimes given, in the United
States, to the body of electors chosen by the people to elect the
President and Vice President.

ELECTORALITY
E*lect`or*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The territory or dignity of an elector; electorate. [R.] Sir H.
Wotton.

ELECTORATE
E*lect"or*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. électorat.]

1. The territory, jurisdiction, or dignity of an elector, as in the
old German empire.

2. The whole body of persons in a nation or state who are entitled to
vote in an election, or any distinct class or division of them.
The middle-class electorate of Great Britain. M. Arnold.

ELECTORESS
E*lect"or*ess, n. Etym: [Fem. of Elector.]

Defn: An electress. Bp. Burnet.

ELECTORIAL
E`lec*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Electoral. Burke.

ELECTORSHIP
E*lect"or*ship, n.

Defn: The office or status of an elector.

ELECTRE; ELECTER
E*lec"tre, E*lec"ter, n. Etym: [L. electrum: cf. F. électre mixture
of gold and silver. See Electrum.]

1. Amber. See Electrum. [Obs.]

2. A metallic substance compounded of gold and silver; an alloy.
[Obs.] Wyclif.

ELECTREPETER
E`lec*trep"e*ter, n. Etym: [Electro + Gr.

Defn: An instrument used to change the direction of electric
currents; a commutator. [R.]

ELECTRESS
E*lect"ress, n. Etym: [Cf. F. électrice. Cf. Electoress.]

Defn: The wife or widow of an elector in the old German empire.
Burke.

ELECTRIC; ELECTRICAL
E*lec"tric, E*lec"tric*al, a. Etym: [L. electrum amber, a mixed
metal, Gr. arc to beam, shine: cf. F. électrique. The name came from
the production of electricity by the friction of amber.]

1. Pertaining to electricity; consisting of, containing, derived
from, or produced by, electricity; as, electric power or virtue; an
electric jar; electric effects; an electric spark.

2. Capable of occasioning the phenomena of electricity; as, an
electric or electrical machine or substance.

3. Electrifying; thrilling; magnetic. "Electric Pindar." Mrs.
Browning. Electric atmosphere, or Electric aura. See under Aura.
 -- Electrical battery. See Battery.
 -- Electrical brush. See under Brush.
 -- Electric cable. See Telegraph cable, under Telegraph.
 -- Electric candle. See under Candle.
 -- Electric cat (Zoöl.), one of three or more large species of
African catfish of the genus Malapterurus (esp. M. electricus of the
Nile). They have a large electrical organ and are able to give
powerful shocks; -- called also sheathfish.
 -- Electric clock. See under Clock, and see Electro-chronograph.
 -- Electric current, a current or stream of electricity traversing a
closed circuit formed of conducting substances, or passing by means
of conductors from one body to another which is in a different
electrical state.
 -- Electric, or Electrical, eel (Zoöl.), a South American eel-like
fresh-water fish of the genus Gymnotus (G. electricus), from two to
five feet in length, capable of giving a violent electric shock. See
Gymnotus.
 -- Electrical fish (Zoöl.), any fish which has an electrical organ
by means of which it can give an electrical shock. The best known
kinds are the torpedo, the gymnotus, or electrical eel, and the
electric cat. See Torpedo, and Gymnotus.
 -- Electric fluid, the supposed matter of electricity; lightning.
 -- Electrical image (Elec.), a collection of electrical points
regarded as forming, by an analogy with optical phenomena, an image
of certain other electrical points, and used in the solution of
electrical problems. Sir W. Thomson.
 -- Electrical light, the light produced by a current of electricity
which in passing through a resisting medium heats it to incandescence
or burns it. See under Carbon.
 -- Electric, or Electrical, machine, an apparatus for generating,
collecting, or exciting, electricity, as by friction.
 -- Electric motor. See Electro-motor,

2.
 -- Electric osmose. (Physics) See under Osmose.
 -- Electric pen, a hand pen for making perforated stencils for
multiplying writings. It has a puncturing needle driven at great
speed by a very small magneto-electric engine on the penhandle.
 -- Electric railway, a railway in which the machinery for moving the
cars is driven by an electric current.
 -- Electric ray (Zoöl.), the torpedo.
 -- Electric telegraph. See Telegraph.

ELECTRIC
E*lec"tric, n. (Physics)

Defn: A nonconductor of electricity, as amber, glass, resin, etc.,
employed to excite or accumulate electricity.

ELECTRICALLY
E*lec"tric*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of electricity, or by means of it; thrillingly.

ELECTRICALNESS
E*lec"tric*al*ness, a.

Defn: The state or quality of being electrical.

ELECTRICIAN
E`lec*tri"cian, n.

Defn: An investigator of electricity; one versed in the science of
electricity.

ELECTRICITY
E`lec*tric"i*ty, n.; pl. Electricities. Etym: [Cf. F. électricité.
See Electric.]

1. A power in nature, a manifestation of energy, exhibiting itself
when in disturbed equilibrium or in activity by a circuit movement,
the fact of direction in which involves polarity, or opposition of
properties in opposite directions; also, by attraction for many
substances, by a law involving attraction between surfaces of unlike
polarity, and repulsion between those of like; by exhibiting
accumulated polar tension when the circuit is broken; and by
producing heat, light, concussion, and often chemical changes when
the circuit passes between the poles or through any imperfectly
conducting substance or space. It is generally brought into action by
any disturbance of molecular equilibrium, whether from a chemical,
physical, or mechanical, cause.

Note: Electricity is manifested under following different forms: (a)
Statical electricity, called also Frictional or Common, electricity,
electricity in the condition of a stationary charge, in which the
disturbance is produced by friction, as of glass, amber, etc., or by
induction. (b) Dynamical electricity, called also Voltaic
electricity, electricity in motion, or as a current produced by
chemical decomposition, as by means of a voltaic battery, or by
mechanical action, as by dynamo-electric machines. (c)
Thermoelectricity, in which the disturbing cause is heat (attended
possibly with some chemical action). It is developed by uniting two
pieces of unlike metals in a bar, and then heating the bar unequally.
(d) Atmospheric electricity, any condition of electrical disturbance
in the atmosphere or clouds, due to some or all of the above
mentioned causes. (e) Magnetic electricity, electricity developed by
the action of magnets. (f) Positive electricity, the electricity that
appears at the positive pole or anode of a battery, or that is
produced by friction of glass; -- called also vitreous electricity.
(g) Negative electricity, the electricity that appears at the
negative pole or cathode, or is produced by the friction of resinous
substance; -- called also resinous electricity. (h) Organic
electricity, that which is developed in organic structures, either
animal or vegetable, the phrase animal electricity being much more
common.

2. The science which unfolds the phenomena and laws of electricity;
electrical science.

3. Fig.: Electrifying energy or characteristic.

ELECTRIFIABLE
E*lec"tri*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of receiving electricity, or of being charged with it.

ELECTRIFICATION
E*lec`tri*fi*ca"tion, n. (Physics)

Defn: The act of electrifying, or the state of being charged with
electricity.

ELECTRIFY
E*lec"tri*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Electrified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Electrifying.] Etym: [Electric + -fy.]

1. To communicate electricity to; to charge with electricity; as, to
electrify a jar.

2. To cause electricity to pass through; to affect by electricity; to
give an electric shock to; as, to electrify a limb, or the body.

3. To excite suddenly and violently, esp. by something highly
delightful or inspiriting; to thrill; as, this patriotic sentiment
electrified the audience.
If the sovereign were now to immure a subject in defiance of the writ
of habeas corpus . . . the whole nation would be instantly
electrified by the news. Macaulay.
Try whether she could electrify Mr. Grandcourt by mentioning it to
him at table. G. Eliot.

ELECTRIFY
E*lec"tri*fy, v. i.

Defn: To become electric.

ELECTRINE
E*lec"trine, a. Etym: [L. electrinus of amber. See Electric.]

1. Belonging to, or made of, amber.

2. Made of electrum, an alloy used by the ancients.

ELECTRITION
E`lec*tri"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The recognition by an animal body of the electrical condition
of external objects.

ELECTRIZATION
E*lec`tri*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. électrisation.]

Defn: The act of electrizing; electrification.

ELECTRIZE
E*lec"trize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Electrized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Electrizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. électriser.]

Defn: To electricity. Eng. Cyc.

ELECTRIZER
E*lec"tri`zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, electrizes.

ELECTRO-
E*lec"tro-. Etym: [L. electrum amber. See Electric.]

Defn: A prefix or combining form signifying pertaining to
electricity, produced by electricity, producing or employing
electricity, etc.; as, electro-negative; electro-dynamic; electro-
magnet.

ELECTRO
E*lec"tro, n.

Defn: An electrotype.

ELECTRO-BALLISTIC
E*lec`tro-bal*lis"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to electro-ballistics.

ELECTRO-BALLISTICS
E*lec`tro-bal*lis"tics, n.

Defn: The art or science of measuring the force or velocity of
projectiles by means of electricity.

ELECTRO-BIOLOGIST
E*lec`tro-bi*ol"o*gist, n. (Biol.)

Defn: One versed in electro-biology.

ELECTRO-BIOLOGY
E*lec`tro-bi*ol"o*gy, n. (Biol.)

1. That branch of biology which treats of the electrical phenomena of
living organisms.

2. That phase of mesmerism or animal magnetism, the phenomena of
which are supposed to be produced by a form of electricity.

ELECTRO-BIOSCOPY
E*lec`tro-bi*os"co*py, n. Etym: [Electro- + Gr. -scopy.] (Biol.)

Defn: A method of determining the presence or absence of life in an
animal organism with a current of electricity, by noting the presence
or absence of muscular contraction.

ELECTRO-CAPILLARITY
E*lec`tro-cap`il*lar"i*ty, n. (Physics)

Defn: The occurrence or production of certain capillary effects by
the action of an electrical current or charge.

ELECTRO-CAPILLARY
E*lec`tro-cap"il*la*ry, a. (Physics)

Defn: Pert. to, or caused by, electro-capillarity.

ELECTRO-CHEMICAL
E*lec`tro-chem"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to electro-chemistry. Ure.

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY
E*lec`tro-chem"is*try, n.

Defn: That branch of science which treats of the relation of
electricity to chemical changes.

ELECTRO-CHRONOGRAPH
E*lec`tro-chron"o*graph, n. (Astron. Physics)

Defn: An instrument for obtaining an accurate record of the time at
which any observed phenomenon occurs, or of its duration. It has an
electro-magnetic register connected with a clock. See Chronograph.

ELECTRO-CHRONOGRAPHIC
E*lec`tro-chron`o*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Belonging to the electro-chronograph, or recorded by the aid of
it.

ELECTROCUTE
E*lec"tro*cute`, v. t. Etym: [Electro- + cute in execute.]

Defn: To execute or put to death by electricity.
 -- E*lec`tro*cu"tion, n.

Note: [Recent; Newspaper words]

ELECTRODE
E*lec"trode, n. Etym: [Electro- + Gr. électrode.] (Elec.)

Defn: The path by which electricity is conveyed into or from a
solution or other conducting medium; esp., the ends of the wires or
conductors, leading from source of electricity, and terminating in
the medium traversed by the current.

ELECTRO-DYNAMIC; ELECTRO-DYNAMICAL
E*lec`tro-dy*nam"ic, E*lec`tro-dy*nam"ic*al, a. (Physics)

Defn: Pertaining to the movements or force of electric or galvanic
currents; dependent on electric force.

ELECTRO-DYNAMICS
E*lec`tro-dy*nam"ics, n.

1. The phenomena of electricity in motion.

2. The branch of science which treats of the properties of electric
currents; dynamical electricity.

ELECTRO-DYNAMOMETER
E*lec`tro-dy`na*mom"e*ter, n.

Defn: An instrument for measuring the strength of electro-dynamic
currents.

ELECTRO-ENGRAVING
E*lec`tro-en*grav"ing, n.

Defn: The art or process of engraving by means of electricity.

ELECTRO-ETCHING
E*lec`tro-etch"ing, n.

Defn: A mode of etching upon metals by electrolytic action.

ELECTROGENESIS
E*lec`tro*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Electro- + genesis.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Electrogeny.

ELECTROGENIC
E*lec`tro*gen"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to electrogenesis; as, an electrogenic
condition.

ELECTROGENY
E`lec*trog"e*ny, n. Etym: [Electro- + Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A term sometimes applied to the effects (tetanus) produced in
the muscles of the limbs, when a current of electricity is passed
along the spinal cord or nerves.

ELECTRO-GILDING
E*lec`tro-gild"ing, n.

Defn: The art or process of gilding copper, iron, etc., by means of
voltaic electricity.

ELECTRO-GILT
E*lec"tro-gilt`, a.

Defn: Gilded by means of voltaic electricity.

ELECTROGRAPH
E*lec"tro*graph, n. Etym: [Electro- + -graph.]

Defn: A mark, record, or tracing, made by the action of electricity.

ELECTROGRAPHIC
E*lec`tro*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an electrograph or electrography.

ELECTROGRAPHY
E*lec*trog"ra*phy, n.

1. The art or process of making electrographs or using an
electrograph.

2.  = Galvanography.

ELECTRO-KINETIC
E*lec`tro-ki*net"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to electro-kinetics.

ELECTRO-KINETICS
E*lec`tro-ki*net"ics, n.

Defn: That branch of electrical science which treats of electricity
in motion.

ELECTROLIER
E*lec`tro*lier", n. Etym: [Formed from electric in imitation of
chandelier.]

Defn: A branching frame, often of ornamental design, to support
electric illuminating lamps.

ELECTROLOGY
E`lec*trol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Electro- + -logy.]

Defn: That branch of physical science which treats of the phenomena
of electricity and its properties.

ELECTROLYSIS
E`lec*trol"y*sis, n. Etym: [Electro- + Gr. (Physics & Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of chemical decomposition, by the action of
electricity; as, the electrolysis of silver or nickel for plating;
the electrolysis of water.

ELECTROLYTE
E*lec"tro*lyte, n. Etym: [Electro- + Gr. électrolyte.] (Physics &
Chem.)

Defn: A compound decomposable, or subjected to decomposition, by an
electric current.

ELECTROLYTIC; ELECTROLYTICAL
E*lec`tro*lyt"ic, E*lec`tro*lyt"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
électrolytique.]

Defn: Pertaining to electrolysis; as, electrolytic action.
 -- E*lec`tro*lyt"ic*al*ly, adv.

ELECTROLYZABLE
E*lec"tro*ly`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being electrolyzed, or decomposed by electricity.

ELECTROLYZATION
E*lec`tro*ly*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or the process of electrolyzing.

ELECTROLYZE
E*lec"tro*lyze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Electrolyzed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Electrolyzing.] Etym: [Cf. F. électrolyser. See Electrolysis.]

Defn: To decompose by the direct action of electricity. Faraday.

ELECTRO-MAGNET
E*lec`tro-mag"net, n.

Defn: A mass, usually of soft iron, but sometimes of some other
magnetic metal, as nickel or cobalt, rendered temporarily magnetic by
being placed within a coil of wire through which a current of
electricity is passing. The metal is generally in the form of a bar,
either straight, or bent into the shape of a horseshoe.

ELECTRO-MAGNETIC
E*lec`tro-mag*net"ic, a.

Defn: Of, Pertaining to, or produced by, magnetism which is developed
by the passage of an electric current. Electro-magnetic engine, an
engine in which the motive force is electro-magnetism.
 -- Electro-magnetic theory of light (Physics), a theory of light
which makes it consist in the rapid alternation of transient electric
currents moving transversely to the direction of the ray.

ELECTRO-MAGNETISM
E*lec`tro-mag"net*ism, n.

Defn: The magnetism developed by a current of electricity; the
science which treats of the development of magnetism by means of
voltaic electricity, and of the properties or actions of the currents
evolved.

ELECTRO-METALLURGY
E*lec`tro-met"al*lur`gy, n.

Defn: The act or art precipitating a metal electro-chemical action,
by which a coating is deposited, on a prepared surface, as in
electroplating and electrotyping; galvanoplasty.

ELECTROMETER
E`lec*trom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Electro- + -meter: cf. F. électromètre.]
(Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the quantity or intensity of
electricity; also, sometimes, and less properly, applied to an
instrument which indicates the presence of electricity (usually
called an electroscope). Balance electrometer. See under Balance.

ELECTRO-METRIC; ELECTRO-METRICAL
E*lec`tro-met"ric, E*lec`tro-met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
électrométrique.]

Defn: Pertaining to electrometry; made by means of electrometer; as,
an electrometrical experiment.

ELECTROMETRY
E`lec*trom"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. électrométrie.] (Physics)

Defn: The art or process of making electrical measurements.

ELECTRO-MOTION
E*lec`tro-mo"tion, n.

Defn: The motion of electricity or its passage from one metal to
another in a voltaic circuit; mechanical action produced by means of
electricity.

ELECTRO-MOTIVE
E*lec`tro-mo"tive, a.

Defn: Producing electro-motion; producing, or tending to produce,
electricity or an electric current; causing electrical action or
effects. Electro-motive force (Physics), the force which produces, or
tends to produce, electricity, or an electric current; sometimes used
to express the degree of electrification as equivalent to potential,
or more properly difference of potential.

ELECTROMOTOR
E*lec`tro*mo"tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. électromoteur.]

1. (Physics)

Defn: A mover or exciter of electricity; as apparatus for generating
a current of electricity.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: An apparatus or machine for producing motion and mechanical
effects by the action of electricity; an electro-magnetic engine.

ELECTRO-MUSCULAR
E*lec`tro-mus"cu*lar, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Pertaining the reaction (contraction) of the muscles under
electricity, or their sensibility to it.

ELECTRON
E*lec"tron, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Electric.]

Defn: Amber; also, the alloy of gold and silver, called electrum.

ELECTRO-NEGATIVE
E*lec`tro-neg"a*tive, a. (Chem. & Physics)
(a) Having the property of being attracted by an electro-positive
body, or a tendency to pass to the positive pole in electrolysis, by
the law that opposite electricities attract each other.
(b) Negative; nonmetallic; acid; -- opposed to positive, metallic, or
basic.

ELECTRO-NEGATIVE
E*lec`tro-neg"a*tive, n. (Chem. & Physics)

Defn: A body which passes to the positive pole in electrolysis.

ELECTRONIC
E`lec*tron"ic, a. (Physics & Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an electron or electrons.

ELECTROPATHY
E`lec*trop"a*thy, n. Etym: [Electro- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The treatment of disease by electricity.

ELECTROPHONE
E*lec"tro*phone, n. Etym: [Electro- + Gr. (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for producing sound by means of electric
currents.

ELECTROPHORUS
E*lec`troph"o*rus, n.; pl. Electrophori. Etym: [NL., fr. combining
form electro- + Gr. (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for exciting electricity, and repeating the
charge indefinitely by induction, consisting of a flat cake of resin,
shelllac, or ebonite, upon which is placed a plate of metal.

ELECTRO-PHYSIOLOGICAL
E*lec`tro-phys`i*o*log"ic*al, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Pertaining to electrical results produced through physiological
agencies, or by change of action in a living organism.

ELECTRO-PHYSIOLOGY
E*lec`tro-phys`i*ol"o*gy, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: That branch of physiology which treats of electric phenomena
produced through physiological agencies.

ELECTROPLATE
E*lec"tro*plate`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Electroplating.] (Mech.)

Defn: To plate or cover with a coating of metal, usually silver,
nickel, or gold, by means of electrolysis.

ELECTROPLATER
E*lec"tro*pla`ter, n.

Defn: One who electroplates.

ELECTROPLATING
E*lec"tro*pla`ting, n.

Defn: The art or process of depositing a coating (commonly) of
silver, gold, or nickel on an inferior metal, by means of
electricity.

ELECTROPOION; ELECTROPOION FLUID
E*lec`tro*poi"on, n., or Electropoion fluid. [NL.; electro- + Gr.
poiw^n, p. pr. of poiei^n to make.] (Elec.)

Defn: An exciting and depolarizing acid solution used in certain
cells or batteries, as the Grenet battery. Electropoion is best
prepared by mixing one gallon of concentrated sulphuric acid diluted
with three gallons of water, with a solution of six pounds of
potassium bichromate in two gallons of boiling water. It should be
used cold.

ELECTRO-POLAR
E*lec`tro-po"lar, a. (Physics)

Defn: Possessing electrical polarity; positively electrified at one
end, or on one surface, and negatively at the other; -- said of a
conductor.

ELECTRO-POSITIVE
E*lec`tro-pos"i*tive, a.

1. (Physics)

Defn: Of such a nature relatively to some other associated body or
bodies, as to tend to the negative pole of a voltaic battery, in
electrolysis, while the associated body tends to the positive pole; -
- the converse or correlative of electro-negative.

Note: An element that is electro-positive in one compound may be
electro-negative in another, and vice versa.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Hence: Positive; metallic; basic; -- distinguished from
negative, nonmetallic, or acid.

ELECTRO-POSITIVE
E*lec`tro-pos"i*tive, n. (Chem. & Physics)

Defn: A body which passes to the negative pole in electrolysis.

ELECTRO-PUNCTURATION; ELECTRO-PUNCTURING
E*lec`tro-punc`tu*ra"tion, E*lec`tro-punc`tur*ing, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Electropuncture.

ELECTRO-PUNCTURE
E*lec`tro-punc`ture, n. (Med.)

Defn: An operation that consists in inserting needless in the part
affected, and connecting them with the poles of a galvanic apparatus.

ELECTROSCOPE
E*lec"tro*scope, n. Etym: [Electro- + -scope: cf. F. électroscope.]
(Physics)

Defn: An instrument for detecting the presence of electricity, or
changes in the electric state of bodies, or the species of
electricity present, as by means of pith balls, and the like.
Condensing electroscope (Physics), a form of electroscope in which an
increase of sensibility is obtained by the use of a condenser.

ELECTROSCOPIC
E*lec`tro*scop"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to, or made by means of, the electroscope.

ELECTROSTATIC
E*lec`tro*stat"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to electrostatics.

ELECTROSTATICS
E*lec`tro*stat"ics, n. (Physics)

Defn: That branch of science which treats of statical electricity or
electric force in a state of rest.

ELECTRO-STEREOTYPE
E*lec`tro-ste"re*o*type, n.

Defn: Same as Electrotype.

ELECTRO-TELEGRAPHIC
E*lec`tro-tel`e*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the electric telegraph, or by means of it.

ELECTRO-TELEGRAPHY
E*lec`tro-te*leg"ra*phy, n.

Defn: The art or science of constructing or using the electric
telegraph; the transmission of messages by means of the electric
telegraph.

ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS
E*lec`tro-ther`a*peu"tics, n. (Med.)

Defn: The branch of medical science which treats of the applications
agent.

ELECTRO-THERMANCY
E*lec`tro-ther"man*cy, n.

Defn: That branch of electrical science which treats of the effect of
an electric current upon the temperature of a conductor, or a part of
a circuit composed of two different metals.

ELECTRO-TINT
E*lec"tro-tint`, n. (Fine Arts)

Defn: A style of engraving in relief by means of voltaic electricity.
A picture is drawn on a metallic plate with some material which
resists the fluids of a battery; so that, in electro-typing, the
parts not covered by the varnish, etc., receive a deposition of
metal, and produce the required copy in intaglio. A cast of this is
then the plate for printing.

ELECTROTONIC
E*lec`tro*ton"ic, a.

1. (Physics)

Defn: Of or pertaining to electrical tension; -- said of a supposed
peculiar condition of a conducting circuit during its exposure to the
action of another conducting circuit traversed by a uniform electric
current when both circuits remain stationary. Faraday.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Relating to electrotonus; as, the electrotonic condition of a
nerve.

ELECTROTONIZE
E`lec*trot"o*nize, v. t. (Physiol.)

Defn: To cause or produce electrotonus.

ELECTROTONOUS
E`lec*trot"o*nous, a.

Defn: Electrotonic.

ELECTROTONUS
E`lec*trot"o*nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. combining form electro- + Gr.
(Physiol.)

Defn: The modified condition of a nerve, when a constant current of
electricity passes through any part of it. See Anelectrotonus, and
Catelectrotonus.

ELECTROTYPE
E*lec"tro*type, n. Etym: [Electro- + -type.]

Defn: A facsimile plate made by electrotypy for use in printing;
also, an impression or print from such plate. Also used adjectively.

Note: The face of an electrotype consists of a shell of copper,
silver, or the like, produced by the action of an electrical current
upon a plate of metal and a wax mold suspended in an acid bath and
connected with opposite poles of the battery. It is backed up with a
solid filling of type metal.

ELECTROTYPE
E*lec"tro*type, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Electrotyped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Electrotyping.]

Defn: To make facsimile plates of by the electrotype process; as to
electrotype a page of type, a book, etc. See Electrotype, n.

ELECTROTYPER
E*lec"tro*ty`per, n.

Defn: One who electrotypes.

ELECTROTYPIC
E*lec`tro*typ"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or effected by means of, electrotypy.

ELECTROTYPING
E*lec"tro*ty`ping, n.

Defn: The act or the process of making electrotypes.

ELECTROTYPY
E*lec"tro*ty`py, n.

Defn: The process of producing electrotype plates. See Note under
Electrotype, n.

ELECTRO-VITAL
E*lec`tro-vi"tal, a.

Defn: Derived from, or dependent upon, vital processes; -- said of
certain electric currents supposed by some physiologists to circulate
in the nerves of animals.

ELECTRO-VITALISM
E*lec`tro-vi"tal*ism, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The theory that the functions of living organisms are dependent
upon electricity or a kindred force.

ELECTRUM
E*lec"trum, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Electric, and cf. Electre,
Electron.]

1. Amber.

2. An alloy of gold and silver, of an amber color, used by the
ancients.

3. German-silver plate. See German silver, under German.

ELECTUARY
E*lec"tu*a*ry, n.; pl. Electuaries. Etym: [OE. letuaire, OF.
lettuaire, electuaire, F. électuaire, L. electuarium, electarium.
prob. fr. Gr. Lick, and cf. Eclegm.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicine composed of powders, or other ingredients,
incorporated with some convserve, honey, or sirup; a confection. See
the note under Confection.

ELEEMOSYNARILY
El`ee*mos"y*na*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In an eleemosynary manner; by charity; charitably.

ELEEMOSYNARY
El`ee*mos"y*na*ry, a. Etym: [LL. eleemosynarius, fr. eleemosyna alms,
Gr. Alms.]

1. Relating to charity, alms, or almsgiving; intended for the
distribution of charity; as, an eleemosynary corporation.

2. Given in charity or alms; having the nature of alms; as,
eleemosynary assistance. "Eleemosynary cures." Boyle.

3. Supported by charity; as, eleemosynary poor.

ELEEMOSYNARY
El`ee*mos"y*na*ry, n.; pl. Eleemosynaries (.

Defn: One who subsists on charity; a dependent. South.

ELEGANCE; ELEGANCY
El"e*gance, El"e*gan*cy, n. Etym: [L. elegantia, fr. elegans, -antis,
elegant: cf. F. élégance.]

1. The state or quality of being elegant; beauty as resulting from
choice qualities and the complete absence of what deforms or
impresses unpleasantly; grace given by art or practice; fine polish;
refinement; -- said of manners, language, style, form, architecture,
etc.
That grace that elegance affords. Drayton.
The endearing elegance of female friendship. Johnson.
A trait of native elegance, seldom seen in the masculine character
after childhood or early youth, was shown in the General's fondness
for the sight and fragrance of flowers. Hawthorne.

2. That which is elegant; that which is tasteful and highly
attractive.
The beautiful wildness of nature, without the nicer elegancies of
art. Spectator.

Syn.
 -- Elegance, Grace. Elegance implies something of a select style of
beauty, which is usually produced by art, skill, or training; as,
elegance of manners, composition, handwriting, etc.; elegant
furniture; an elegant house, etc. Grace, as the word is here used,
refers to bodily movements, and is a lower order of beauty. It may be
a natural gift; thus, the manners of a peasant girl may be graceful,
but can hardly be called elegant.

ELEGANT
El"e*gant, a. Etym: [L. elegans, -antis; akin to eligere to pick out,
choose, select: cf. F. élégant. See Elect.]

1. Very choice, and hence, pleasing to good taste; characterized by
grace, propriety, and refinement, and the absence of every thing
offensive; exciting admiration and approbation by symmetry,
completeness, freedom from blemish, and the like; graceful; tasteful
and highly attractive; as, elegant manners; elegant style of
composition; an elegant speaker; an elegant structure.
A more diligent cultivation of elegant literature. Prescott.

2. Exercising a nice choice; discriminating beauty or sensitive to
beauty; as, elegant taste.

Syn.
 -- Tasteful; polished; graceful; refined; comely; handsome; richly
ornamental.

ELEGANTLY
El"e*gant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner to please nice taste; with elegance; with due
symmetry; richly.

ELEGIAC
E*le"gi*ac, a. Etym: [L. elegiacus, Gr. élégiaque. See Elegy.]

1. Belonging to elegy, or written in elegiacs; plaintive; expressing
sorrow or lamentation; as, an elegiac lay; elegiac strains.
Elegiac griefs, and songs of love. Mrs. Browning.

2. Used in elegies; as, elegiac verse; the elegiac distich or
couplet, consisting of a dactylic hexameter and pentameter.

ELEGIAC
E*le"gi*ac, n.

Defn: Elegiac verse.

ELEGIACAL
El`e*gi"a*cal, a.

Defn: Elegiac.

ELEGIAST
E*le"gi*ast, n.

Defn: One who composes elegies. Goldsmith.

ELEGIOGRAPHER
El`e*gi*og"ra*pher, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph + -er.]

Defn: An elegist. [Obs.]

ELEGIST
El"e*gist, n.

Defn: A write of elegies. T. Warton.

ELEGIT
E*le"git, n. Etym: [L., he has chosen, fr. eligere to choose. See
Elect.] (Law)

Defn: A judicial writ of execution, by which a defendant's goods are
appraised and delivered to the plaintiff, and, if no sufficient to
satisfy the debt, all of his lands are delivered, to be held till the
debt is paid by the rents and profits, or until the defendant's
interest has expired.

ELEGIZE
El"e*gize, v. t.

Defn: To lament in an elegy; to celebrate in elegiac verse; to
bewail. Carlyle.

ELEGY
El"e*gy, n.; pl. Elegies. Etym: [L. elegia, Gr.

Defn: A mournful or plaintive poem; a funereal song; a poem of
lamentation. Shak.

ELEIDIN
E*le"i*din, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Lifeless matter deposited in the form of minute granules within
the protoplasm of living cells.

ELEME FIGS; ELEMI FIGS
El"e*me figs`, El"e*mi figs`  (el"e*mi). [Turk. eleme anything which
has been sifted and freed from dust or broken parts.]

Defn: A kind of figs of superior quality.

ELEMENT
El"e*ment, n. Etym: [F. élément, L. elementum.]

1. One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which
anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental
powers of anything are based.

2. One of the ultimate, undecomposable constituents of any kind of
matter. Specifically: (Chem.) A substance which cannot be decomposed
into different kinds of matter by any means at present employed; as,
the elements of water are oxygen and hydrogen.

Note: The elements are naturally classified in several families or
groups, as the group of the alkaline elements, the halogen group, and
the like. They are roughly divided into two great classes, the
metals, as sodium, calcium, etc., which form basic compounds, and the
nonmetals or metalloids, as oxygen, sulphur, chlorine, which form
acid compounds; but the distinction is only relative, and some, as
arsenic, tin, aluminium, etc., form both acid and basic compounds.
The essential fact regarding every element is its relative atomic
weight or equivalent. When the elements are tabulated in the order of
their ascending atomic weights, the arrangement constitutes the
series of the Periodic law of Mendelejeff. See Periodic law, under
Periodic. This Periodic law enables us to predict the qualities of
unknown elements. The number of elements known is about seventy-five,
but the gaps in the Periodic law indicate the possibility of many
more. Many of the elements with which we are familiar, as hydrogen,
carbon, iron, gold, etc., have been recognized, by means of spectrum
analysis, in the sun and the fixed stars. From certain evidence (as
that afforded by the Periodic law, spectrum analysis, etc.) it
appears that the chemical elements probably may not be simple bodies,
but only very stable compounds of some simpler body or bodies. In
formulas, the elements are designated by abbreviations of their names
in Latin or New Latin.

The Elements --------------------------------------------------------
----Name |Sym-|Atomic Weight| |bol | O=16 | H=1 | -------------------
-----------------------------------------Aluminum | Al | 27.1 | 26.9|
Antimony(Stibium) Argon Arsenic Barium Beryllium (see Glucinum)
Bismuth Boron Bromine Cadmium Caesium Calcium Carbon Cerium Chlorine
Chromium Cobalt Columbium Copper (Cuprum) Erbium Fluorine Gadolinium
Gallium Germanium Glucinum Gold Helium Hydrogen Indium Iodine Iridium
Iron (Ferrum) Krypton Lanthanum Lead (Plumbum) Lithium Magnesium
Manganese Mercury (Hydrargyrum) Molybdenum Neodymium Neon Nickel
Niobium (see Columbium) Nirogen Osmium Oxygen Palladium Phosphorus
Platinum Potassium (Kalium) Praseodymium Rhodium Rubidium Ruthenium

-----------------------------------------------------------The
Elements -- continued -----------------------------------------------
-------------Name Samarium Scandium Selenium Silicon Silver
(Argentum) Sodium (Natrium) Strontium Sulphur Tantalum Tellurium
Thallium Thorium Thulium Tin (Stannum) Titanium Tungsten (Wolframium)
Uranium Vanadium Wolfranium (see Tungsten) Xenon Ytterbium Yttrium
Zinc Zirconium ------------------------------------------------------
------

Note: Several other elements have been announced, as holmium,
vesbium, austrium, etc., but their properties, and in some cases
their existence, have not yet been definitely established.

3. One of the ultimate parts which are variously combined in
anything; as, letters are the elements of written language; hence,
also, a simple portion of that which is complex, as a shaft, lever,
wheel, or any simple part in a machine; one of the essential
ingredients of any mixture; a constituent part; as, quartz, feldspar,
and mica are the elements of granite.
The simplicity which is so large an element in a noble nature was
laughed to scorn. Jowett (Thucyd.).

4.
(a) One out of several parts combined in a system of aggregation,
when each is of the nature of the whole; as, a single cell is an
element of the honeycomb.
(b) (Anat.) One of the smallest natural divisions of the organism, as
a blood corpuscle, a muscular fiber.

5. (Biol.)

Defn: One of the simplest essential parts, more commonly called
cells, of which animal and vegetable organisms, or their tissues and
organs, are composed.

6. (Math.)
(a) An infinitesimal part of anything of the same nature as the
entire magnitude considered; as, in a solid an element may be
infinitesimal portion between any two planes that are separated and
indefinitely small distance. In the calculus, element is sometimes
used as synonymous with differential.
(b) Sometimes a curve, or surface, or volume is considered as
described by a moving point, or curve, or surface, the latter being
at any instant called an element of the former.
(c) One of the terms in an algebraic expression.

7. One of the necessary data or values upon which a system of
calculations depends, or general conclusions are based; as, the
elements of a planet's orbit.

8. pl.

Defn: The simplest or fundamental principles of any system in
philosophy, science, or art; rudiments; as, the elements of geometry,
or of music.

9. pl.

Defn: Any outline or sketch, regarded as containing the fundamental
ideas or features of the thing in question; as, the elemental of a
plan.

10. One of the simple substances, as supposed by the ancient
philosophers; one of the imaginary principles of matter.

Note: (a) The four elements were, air, earth, water, and fire; whence
it is said, water is the proper element of fishes; air is the element
of birds. Hence, the state or sphere natural to anything or suited
for its existence.
Of elements The grosser feeds the purer: Earth the Sea; Earth and the
Sea feed Air; the Air those Fires Ethereal. Milton.
Does not our life consist of the four elements Shak.
And the complexion of the element [i. e.,the sky or air] In favor's
like the work we have in hand, Most bloody, fiery, and most terrible.
Shak.
About twelve ounces [of food], with mere element for drink. Cheyne.
They show that they are out of their element. T. Baker.
Esp., the conditions and movements of the air. "The elements be kind
to thee." (b) The elements of the alchemists were salt, sulphur, and
mercury. Brande & C.

11. pl.

Defn: The whole material composing the world.
The elements shall melt with fervent heat. 2 Peter iii. 10.

12. pl. (Eccl.)

Defn: The bread and wine used in the eucharist or Lord's supper.
Magnetic element, one of the hypothetical elementary portions of
which a magnet is regarded as made up.

ELEMENT
El"e*ment, v. t.

1. To compound of elements or first principles. [Obs.] "[Love] being
elemented too." Donne.

2. To constitute; to make up with elements.
His very soul was elemented of nothing but sadness. Walton.

ELEMENTAL
El`e*men"tal, a.

1. Pertaining to the elements, first principles, and primary
ingredients, or to the four supposed elements of the material world;
as, elemental air. "Elemental strife." Pope.

2. Pertaining to rudiments or first principles; rudimentary;
elementary. "The elemental rules of erudition." Cawthorn.

ELEMENTALISM
El`e*men"tal*ism, a.

Defn: The theory that the heathen divinities originated in the
personification of elemental powers.

ELEMENTALITY
E`le*men*tal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The condition of being composed of elements, or a thing so
composed.

ELEMENTALLY
El`e*men"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: According to elements; literally; as, the words, "Take, eat;
this is my body," elementally understood.

ELEMENTAR
El`e*men"tar, a.

Defn: Elementary. [Obs.] Skelton.

ELEMENTARINESS
El`e*men"ta*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being elementary; original simplicity;
uncompounded state.

ELEMENTARITY
El`e*men*tar"i*ty, n.

Defn: Elementariness. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ELEMENTARY
El`e*men"ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. elementarius: cf. F. élémentaire.]

1. Having only one principle or constituent part; consisting of a
single element; simple; uncompounded; as, an elementary substance.

2. Pertaining to, or treating of, the elements, rudiments, or first
principles of anything; initial; rudimental; introductory; as, an
elementary treatise.

3. Pertaining to one of the four elements, air, water, earth, fire.
"Some luminous and fiery impressions in the elementary region." J.
Spencer.

ELEMENTATION
El`e*men*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Instruction in the elements or first principles. [R.]

ELEMENTOID
El"e*men*toid`, a. Etym: [Element + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling an element.

ELEMI
El"e*mi, n. Etym: [Cf. F. élemi, It. elemi, Sp. elemi; of American or
Oriental. origin.]

Defn: A fragrant gum resin obtained chiefly tropical trees of the
genera Amyris and Canarium. A. elemifera yields Mexican elemi; C.
commune, the Manila elemi. It is used in the manufacture of
varnishes, also in ointments and plasters.

ELEMIN
El"e*min, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A transparent, colorless oil obtained from elemi resin by
distillation with water; also, a crystallizable extract from the
resin.

ELENCH
E*lench", n.; pl. Elenchs. Etym: [L. elenchus, Gr. elenche.] (Logic)
(a) That part of an argument on which its conclusiveness depends;
that which convinces of refutes an antagonist; a refutation.
(b) A specious but fallacious argument; a sophism.

ELENCHICAL
E*len"chic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an elench.

ELENCHICALLY
E*len"chic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By means of an elench.

ELENCHIZE
E*len"chize, v. i.

Defn: To dispute. [R.] B. Jonson.

ELENCHTIC; ELENCHTICAL
E*lench"tic, E*lench"tic*al, a.

Defn: Same as Elenctic.

ELENCHUS
E*len"chus, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Same as Elench.

ELENCTIC; ELENCTICAL
E*lenc"tic, E*lenc"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Logic)

Defn: Serving to refute; refutative; -- applied to indirect modes of
proof, and opposed to deictic.

ELENGE
El"enge, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. ellende foreign, strange, G. elend
miserable.]

Defn: Sorrowful; wretched; full of trouble. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ELENGENESS
El"enge*ness, n.

Defn: Loneliness; misery. [Obs.]

ELEPHANSY
El"e*phan*sy, n. Etym: [L. elephantia.]

Defn: Elephantiasis. [Obs.] Holland.

ELEPHANT
El"e*phant, n. Etym: [OE. elefaunt, olifant, OF. olifant, F.
éléphant, L. elephantus, elephas, -antis, fr. Gr. ibha, with the
Semitic article al, el, prefixed, or fr. Semitic Aleph hindi Indian
bull; or cf. Goth. ulbandus camel, AS. olfend.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mammal of the order Proboscidia, of which two living species,
Elephas Indicus and E. Africanus, and several fossil species, are
known. They have a proboscis or trunk, and two large ivory tusks
proceeding from the extremity of the upper jaw, and curving upwards.
The molar teeth are large and have transverse folds. Elephants are
the largest land animals now existing.

2. Ivory; the tusk of the elephant. [Obs.] Dryden. Elephant apple
(Bot.), an East Indian fruit with a rough, hard rind, and edible
pulp, borne by Feronia elephantum, a large tree related to the
orange.
 -- Elephant bed (Geol.), at Brighton, England, abounding in fossil
remains of elephants. Mantell.
 -- Elephant beetle (Zoöl.), any very large beetle of the genus
Goliathus (esp. G. giganteus), of the family Scarabæidæ. They inhabit
West Africa.
 -- Elephant fish (Zoöl.), a chimæroid fish (Callorhynchus
antarcticus), with a proboscis-like projection of the snout.
 -- Elephant paper, paper of large size, 23 × 28 inches.
 -- Double elephant paper, paper measuring 26Paper.
 -- Elephant seal (Zoöl.), an African jumping shrew (Macroscelides
typicus), having a long nose like a proboscis.
 -- Elephant's ear (Bot.), a name given to certain species of the
genus Begonia, which have immense one-sided leaves.
 -- Elephant's foot (Bot.) (a) A South African plant (Testudinaria
Elephantipes), which has a massive rootstock covered with a kind of
bark cracked with deep fissures; -- called also tortoise plant. The
interior part is barely edible, whence the plant is also called
Hottentot's bread. (b) A genus (Elephantopus) of coarse, composite
weeds.
 -- Elephant's tusk (Zoöl.), the tooth shell. See Dentalium.

ELEPHANTIAC
El`e*phan"ti*ac, a. (Med.)

Defn: Affected with elephantiasis; characteristic of elephantiasis.

ELEPHANTIASIS
El`e*phan*ti"a*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A disease of the skin, in which it become enormously thickened,
and is rough, hard, and fissured, like an elephant's hide.

ELEPHANTINE
El`e*phan"tine, a. Etym: [L. elephantinus of ivory, Gr. éléphantin.]

Defn: Pertaining to the elephant, or resembling an elephant
(commonly, in size); hence, huge; immense; heavy; as, of elephantine
proportions; an elephantine step or tread. Elephantine epoch (Geol.),
the epoch distinguished by the existence of large pachyderms.
Mantell.
 -- Elephantine tortoise (Zoöl.), a huge land tortoise; esp., Testudo
elephantina, from islands in the Indian Ocean; and T. elephantopus,
from the Galapagos Islands.

ELEPHANTOID; ELEPHANTOIDAL
El"e*phan*toid`, El`e*phan*toid"al, a. Etym: [Elephant + -oid.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling an elephant in form or appearance.

ELEUSINIAN
El`eu*sin"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Eleusinius, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to Eleusis, in Greece, or to secret rites in honor
of Ceres, there celebrated; as, Eleusinian mysteries or festivals.

ELEUTHEROMANIA
E*leu`ther*o*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Gr. mania.]

Defn: A mania or frantic zeal for freedom. [R.] Carlyle.

ELEUTHEROMANIAC
E*leu`ther*o*ma"ni*ac, a.

Defn: Mad for freedom. [R.]

ELEUTHERO-PETALOUS
E*leu`ther*o-pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the petals free, that is, entirely separate from each
other; -- said of both plant and flower.

ELEVATE
El"e*vate, a. Etym: [L. elevatus, p. p.]

Defn: Elevated; raised aloft. [Poetic] Milton.

ELEVATE
El"e*vate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elevated; p. pr. & vb. n. Elevating.]
Etym: [L. elevatus, p. p. of elevare; e + levare to lift up, raise,
akin to levis light in weight. See Levity.]

1. To bring from a lower place to a higher; to lift up; to raise; as,
to elevate a weight, a flagstaff, etc.

2. To raise to a higher station; to promote; as, to elevate to an
office, or to a high social position.

3. To raise from a depressed state; to animate; to cheer; as, to
elevate the spirits.

4. To exalt; to ennoble; to dignify; as, to elevate the mind or
character.

5. To raise to a higher pitch, or to a greater degree of loudness; --
said of sounds; as, to elevate the voice.

6. To intoxicate in a slight degree; to render tipsy. [Colloq. &
Sportive] "The elevated cavaliers sent for two tubs of merry stingo."
Sir W. Scott.

7. To lessen; to detract from; to disparage. [A Latin meaning] [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor. To elevate a piece (Gun.), to raise the muzzle; to lower
the breech.

Syn.
 -- To exalt; dignify; ennoble; erect; raise; hoist; heighten; elate;
cheer; flush; excite; animate.

ELEVATED
El"e*va`ted, a.

Defn: Uplifted; high; lofty; also, animated; noble; as, elevated
thoughts. Elevated railway, one in which the track is raised
considerably above the ground, especially a city railway above the
line of street travel.

ELEVATEDNESS
El"e*va`ted*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being elevated.

ELEVATION
El`e*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. elevatio: cf. F. élévation.]

1. The act of raising from a lower place, condition, or quality to a
higher; -- said of material things, persons, the mind, the voice,
etc.; as, the elevation of grain; elevation to a throne; elevation of
mind, thoughts, or character.

2. Condition of being elevated; height; exaltation. "Degrees of
elevation above us." Locke.
His style . . . wanted a little elevation. Sir H. Wotton.

3. That which is raised up or elevated; an elevated place or station;
as, an elevation of the ground; a hill.

4. (Astron.)

Defn: The distance of a celestial object above the horizon, or the
arc of a vertical circle intercepted between it and the horizon;
altitude; as, the elevation of the pole, or of a star.

5. (Dialing)

Defn: The angle which the style makes with the substylar line.

6. (Gunnery)

Defn: The movement of the axis of a piece in a vertical plane; also,
the angle of elevation, that is, the angle between the axis of the
piece and the line odirection.

7. (Drawing)

Defn: A geometrical projection of a building, or other object, on a
plane perpendicular to the horizon; orthographic projection on a
vertical plane; -- called by the ancients the orthography. Angle of
elevation (Geodesy), the angle which an ascending line makes with a
horizontal plane.
 -- Elevation of the host (R. C. Ch.), that part of the Mass in which
the priest raises the host above his head for the people to adore.

ELEVATOR
El"e*va`tor, n. Etym: [L., one who raises up, a deliverer: cf. F.
élévateur.]

Defn: One who, or that which, raises or lifts up anything; as:
(a) A mechanical contrivance, usually an endless belt or chain with a
series of scoops or buckets, for transferring grain to an upper loft
for storage.
(b) A cage or platform and the hoisting machinery in a hotel,
warehouse, mine, etc., for conveying persons, goods, etc., to or from
different floors or levels; -- called in England a lift; the cage or
platform itself.
(c) A building for elevating, storing, and discharging, grain.
(d) (Anat.) A muscle which serves to raise a part of the body, as the
leg or the eye.
(e) (Surg.) An instrument for raising a depressed portion of a bone.
Elevator head, leg, and boot, the boxes in which the upper pulley,
belt, and lower pulley, respectively, run in a grain elevator.

ELEVATORY
El"e*va`to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to raise, or having power to elevate; as, elevatory
forces.

ELEVATORY
El"e*va`to*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. élévatoire.] (Surg.)

Defn: See Elevator, n. (e). Dunglison.

ELEVE
É`lève" (, n. Etym: [F., fr. élever to raise, bring up.]

Defn: A pupil; a student.

ELEVEN
E*lev"en, a. Etym: [OE. enleven, AS. endleofan, endlufon, for
nleofan; akin to LG. eleve, ölwe, ölwen, D. elf, G. elf, eilf, OHG.
einlif, Icel. ellifu, Sw. elfva, Dan. elleve, Goth. ainlif, cf. Lith.
vënolika; and fr. the root of E. one + (prob.) a root signifying "to
be left over, remain," appearing in E. loan, or perh. in leave, v.
t., life. See One, and cf. Twelve.]

Defn: Ten and one added; as, eleven men.

ELEVEN
E*lev"en, n.

1. The sum of ten and one; eleven units or objects.

2. A symbol representing eleven units, as 11 or xi.

3. (Cricket & American Football)

Defn: The eleven men selected to play on one side in a match, as the
representatives of a club or a locality; as, the all-England eleven.

ELEVENTH
E*lev"enth, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. endlyfta. See Eleven.]

1. Next after the tenth; as, the eleventh chapter.

2. Constituting one of eleven parts into which a thing is divided;
as, the eleventh part of a thing.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the interval of the octave and the fourth.

ELEVENTH
E*lev"enth, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by eleven; one of eleven equal
parts.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The interval consisting of ten conjunct degrees; the interval
made up of an octave and a fourth.

ELF
Elf, n.; pl. Elves. Etym: [AS. ælf, ylf; akin to MHG. alp, G. alp
nightmare, incubus, Icel. elf, Sw. alf, elfva; cf. Skr. rbhu
skillful, artful, rabh to grasp. Cf. Auf, Oaf.]

1. An imaginary supernatural being, commonly a little sprite, much
like a fairy; a mythological diminutive spirit, supposed to haunt
hills and wild places, and generally represented as delighting in
mischievous tricks.
Every elf, and fairy sprite, Hop as light as bird from brier. Shak.

2. A very diminutive person; a dwarf. Elf arrow, a flint arrowhead; -
- so called by the English rural folk who often find these objects of
prehistoric make in the fields and formerly attributed them to
fairies; -- called also elf bolt, elf dart, and elf shot.
 -- Elf child, a child supposed to be left by elves, in room of one
they had stolen. See Changeling.
 -- Elf fire, the ignis fatuus. Brewer.
 -- Elf owl (Zoöl.), a small owl (Micrathene Whitneyi) of Southern
California and Arizona.

ELF
Elf, v. t.

Defn: To entangle mischievously, as an elf might do.
Elf all my hair in knots. Shak.

ELFIN
Elf"in, a.

Defn: Relating to elves.

ELFIN
Elf"in, n.

Defn: A little elf or urchin. Shenstone.

ELFISH
Elf"ish, a.

Defn: Of or relating to the elves; elflike; implike; weird; scarcely
human; mischievous, as though caused by elves. "Elfish light."
Coleridge.
The elfish intelligence that was so familiar an expression on her
small physiognomy. Hawthorne.

ELFISHLY
Elf"ish*ly, adv.

Defn: In an elfish manner.

ELFISHNESS
Elf"ish*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being elfish.

ELFKIN
Elf"kin, n.

Defn: A little elf.

ELFLAND
Elf"land`, n.

Defn: Fairyland. Tennyson.

ELFLOCK
Elf"lock`, n.

Defn: Hair matted, or twisted into a knot, as if by elves.

ELGIN MARBLES
El"gin mar"bles.

Defn: Greek sculptures in the British Museum. They were obtained at
Athens, about 1811, by Lord Elgin.

ELICIT
E*lic"it, a. Etym: [L. elictus, p. p. of elicere to elicit; e +
lacere to entice. Cf. Delight, Lace.]

Defn: Elicited; drawn out; made real; open; evident. [Obs.] "An
elicit act of equity." Jer. Taylor.

ELICIT
E*lic"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elicited; p. pr. & vb. n. Eliciting.]

Defn: To draw out or entice forth; to bring to light; to bring out
against the will; to deduce by reason or argument; as, to elicit
truth by discussion.

ELICITATE
E*lic"i*tate, v. t.

Defn: To elicit. [Obs.]

ELICITATION
E*lic`i*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of eliciting. [Obs.] Abp. Bramhall.

ELIDE
E*lide", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elided; p. pr. & vb. n. Eliding.] Etym:
[L. elidere to strike out or off; e + laedere to hurt by striking:
cf. F. élider. See Lesion.]

1. To break or dash in pieces; to demolish; as, to elide the force of
an argument. [Obs.] Hooker.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: To cut off, as a vowel or a syllable, usually the final one; to
subject to elision.

ELIGIBILITY
El`i*gi*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. éligibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being eligible; eligibleness; as, the
eligibility of a candidate; the eligibility of an offer of marriage.

ELIGIBLE
El"i*gi*ble, a. Etym: [F. éligible, fr. L. eligere. See Elect.]

1. That may be selected; proper or qualified to be chosen; legally
qualified to be elected and to hold office.

2. Worthy to be chosen or selected; suitable; desirable; as, an
eligible situation for a house.
The more eligible of the two evils. Burke.

ELIGIBLENESS
El"i*gi*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality worthy or qualified to be chosen; suitableness;
desirableness.

ELIGIBLY
El"i*gi*bly, adv.

Defn: In an eligible manner.

ELIMATE
El"i*mate, v. t. Etym: [L. elimatus, p. p. of elimare to file up; e
out + limare to file, fr. lima file.]

Defn: To render smooth; to polish. [Obs.]

ELIMINANT
E*lim"i*nant, n. (Math.)

Defn: The result of eliminating n variables between n homogeneous
equations of any degree; -- called also resultant.

ELIMINATE
E*lim"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eliminated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Eliminating.] Etym: [L. eliminatus, p. p. of eliminare; e out + limen
threshold; prob. akin to limes boundary. See Limit.]

1. To put out of doors; to expel; to discharge; to release; to set at
liberty.
Eliminate my spirit, give it range Through provinces of thought yet
unexplored. Young.

2. (Alg.)

Defn: To cause to disappear from an equation; as, to eliminate an
unknown quantity.

3. To set aside as unimportant in a process of inductive inquiry; to
leave out of consideration.
Eliminate errors that have been gathering and accumulating. Lowth.

4. To obtain by separating, as from foreign matters; to deduce; as,
to eliminate an idea or a conclusion. [Recent, and not well
authorized]

5. (Physiol.)

Defn: To separate; to expel from the system; to excrete; as, the
kidneys eliminate urea, the lungs carbonic acid; to eliminate poison
from the system.

ELIMINATION
E*lim`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. élimination.]

1. The act of expelling or throwing off; (Physiol.)

Defn: the act of discharging or excreting waste products or foreign
substances through the various emunctories.

2. (Alg.)

Defn: Act of causing a quantity to disappear from an equation;
especially, in the operation of deducing from several equations
containing several unknown quantities a less number of equations
containing a less number of unknown quantities.

3. The act of obtaining by separation, or as the result of
eliminating; deduction. [See Eliminate,

4.]

ELIMINATIVE
E*lim"i*na*tive, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Relating to, or carrying on, elimination.

ELINGUATE
E*lin"guate, v. t. Etym: [L. elinguare.]

Defn: To deprive of the tongue. [Obs.] Davies (Holy Roode).

ELINGUATION
E`lin*gua"tion, n. Etym: [L. elinguatio. See Elinguid.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: Punishment by cutting out the tongue.

ELINGUID
E*lin"guid, a. Etym: [L. elinguis, prop., deprived of the tongue;
hence, speechless; e + lingua tongue.]

Defn: Tongue-tied; dumb. [Obs.]

ELIQUAMENT
E*liq"ua*ment, n.

Defn: A liquid obtained from fat, or fat fish, by pressure.

ELIQUATION
El`i*qua"tion, n. Etym: [L. eliquatio, fr. eliquare to clarify,
strain; e + liquare to make liquid, melt.] (Metallurgy)

Defn: The process of separating a fusible substance from one less
fusible, by means of a degree of heat sufficient to melt the one and
not the other, as an alloy of copper and lead; liquation. Ure.

ELISON
E*li"son, n. Etym: [L. elisio, fr. elidere, elisum, to strike out:
cf. F. élision. See Elide.]

1. Division; separation. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: The cutting off or suppression of a vowel or syllable, for the
sake of meter or euphony; esp., in poetry, the dropping of a final
vowel standing before an initial vowel in the following word, when
the two words are drawn together.

ELISOR
E*li"sor, n. Etym: [F. éliseur, fr. élire to choose, L. eligere. See
Elect.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: An elector or chooser; one of two persons appointed by a court
to return a jury or serve a writ when the sheriff and the coroners
are disqualified.

ELITE
e`lite", n. Etym: [F., fr. élire to choose, L. eligere. See Elect.]

Defn: A choice or select body; the flower; as, the élite of society.

ELIX
E*lix", v. t. Etym: [See Elixate.]

Defn: To extract. [Obs.] Marston.

ELIXATE
E*lix"ate, v. t. Etym: [L. elixatus, p. p. of elixare to seethe, fr.
elixus thoroughly boiled; e + lixare to boil, lix ashes.]

Defn: To boil; to seethe; hence, to extract by boiling or seething.
[Obs.] Cockeram.

ELIXATION
El`ix*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. élixation.]

Defn: A seething; digestion. [Obs.] Burton.

ELIXIR
E*lix"ir, n. Etym: [F. élixir, Sp. elixir, Ar. eliksir the
philosopher's stone, prob. from Gr. ksha to burn.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A tincture with more than one base; a compound tincture or
medicine, composed of various substances, held in solution by alcohol
in some form.

2. (Alchemy)

Defn: An imaginary liquor capable of transmuting metals into gold;
also, one for producing life indefinitely; as, elixir vitæ, or the
elixir of life.

3. The refined spirit; the quintessence.
The . . . elixir of worldly delights. South.

4. Any cordial or substance which invigorates.
The grand elixir, to support the spirits of human nature. Addison.

ELIZABETHAN
E*liz"a*beth`an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Queen Elizabeth or her times, esp. to the
architecture or literature of her reign; as, the Elizabethan writers,
drama, literature.
 -- n.

Defn: One who lived in England in the time of Queen Elizabeth.
Lowell.

ELK
Elk, n. Etym: [Icel. elgr; akin to Sw. elg, AS. eolh, OHG. elaho,
MHG. elch, cf. L. alces; perh. akin to E. eland.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large deer, of several species. The European elk (Alces
machlis or Cervus alces) is closely allied to the American moose. The
American elk, or wapiti (Cervus Canadensis), is closely related to
the European stag. See Moose, and Wapiti. Irish elk (Paleon.), a
large, extinct, Quaternary deer (Cervus giganteus) with widely
spreading antlers. Its remains have been found beneath the peat of
swamps in Ireland and England. See Illustration in Appendix; also
Illustration of Antler.
 -- Cape elk (Zoöl.), the eland.

ELK; ELKE
Elk, Elke, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European wild or whistling swan (Cygnus ferus).

ELKNUT
Elk"nut`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The buffalo nut. See under Buffalo.

ELKWOOD
Elk"wood`, n.

Defn: The soft, spongy wood of a species of Magnolia (M. Umbrella).

ELL
Ell, n. Etym: [AS. eln; akin to D. el, elle, G. elle, OHG. elina,
Icel. alin, Dan. alen, Sw. aln, Goth. alenia, L. ulna elbow, ell, Gr.
Elbow, Alnage.]

Defn: A measure for cloth; -- now rarely used. It is of different
lengths in different countries; the English ell being 45 inches, the
Dutch or Flemish ell 27, the Scotch about 37.

ELL
Ell, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See L.

ELLACHICK
El"la*chick, n. Etym: [Native Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fresh-water tortoise (Chelopus marmoratus) of California; --
used as food.

ELLAGIC
El*lag"ic, a. Etym: [F., fr. galle gall (with the letters reversed).]
(Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, gallnuts or gallic acid; as,
ellagic acid. Ellagic acid (Chem.), a white crystalline substance,
C14H8O9, found in bezoar stones, and obtained by the oxidation of
gallic acid.

ELLEBORE
El"le*bore, n.

Defn: Hellebore. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ELLEBORIN
El*leb"o*rin, n.

Defn: See Helleborin.

ELLECK
El"leck, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The red gurnard or cuckoo fish. [Prov. Eng.]

ELLENGE; ELLINGE; ELLENGENESS; ELLINGENESS
El"lenge, El"linge, a., El"lenge*ness, El"linge*ness, n.

Defn: See Elenge, Elengeness. [Obs.]

ELLES
El"les, adv. & conj.

Defn: See Else. [Obs.]

ELLIPSE
El*lipse", n. Etym: [Gr. ellipse. See Ellipsis.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: An oval or oblong figure, bounded by a regular curve, which
corresponds to an oblique projection of a circle, or an oblique
section of a cone through its opposite sides. The greatest diameter
of the ellipse is the major axis, and the least diameter is the minor
axis. See Conic section, under Conic, and cf. Focus.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Omission. See Ellipsis.

3. The elliptical orbit of a planet.
The Sun flies forward to his brother Sun; The dark Earth follows
wheeled in her ellipse. Tennyson.

ELLIPSIS
El*lip"sis, n.; pl. Ellipses. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. In, and Loan, and
cf. Ellipse.]

1. (Gram.)

Defn: Omission; a figure of syntax, by which one or more words, which
are obviously understood, are omitted; as, the virtues I admire, for,
the virtues which I admire.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: An ellipse. [Obs.]

ELLIPSOGRAPH
El*lip"so*graph, n. Etym: [Ellipse + graph: cf. F. ellipsographe.]

Defn: An instrument for describing ellipses; -- called also trammel.

ELLIPSOID
El*lip"soid, n. Etym: [Ellipse + -oid: cf. F. ellipsoide.] (Geom.)

Defn: A solid, all plane sections of which are ellipses or circles.
See Conoid, n., 2 (a).

Note: The ellipsoid has three principal plane sections, a, b, and c,
each at right angles to the other two, and each dividing the solid
into two equal and symmetrical parts. The lines of meeting of these
principal sections are the axes, or principal diameters of the
ellipsoid. The point where the three planes meet is the center.
Ellipsoid of revolution, a spheroid; a solid figure generated by the
revolution of an ellipse about one of its axes. It is called a
prolate spheroid, or prolatum, when the ellipse is revolved about the
major axis, and an oblate spheroid, or oblatum, when it is revolved
about the minor axis.

ELLIPSOID; ELLIPSOIDAL
El*lip"soid, El`lip*soi"dal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or shaped like, an ellipsoid; as, ellipsoid or
ellipsoidal form.

ELLIPTIC; ELLIPTICAL
El*lip"tic, El*lip"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. elliptique. See Ellipsis.]

1. Of or pertaining to an ellipse; having the form of an ellipse;
oblong, with rounded ends.
The planets move in elliptic orbits. Cheyne.

2. Having a part omitted; as, an elliptical phrase. Elliptic chuck.
See under Chuck.
 -- Elliptic compasses, an instrument arranged for drawing ellipses.
 -- Elliptic function. (Math.) See Function.
 -- Elliptic integral. (Math.) See Integral.
 -- Elliptic polarization. See under Polarization.

ELLIPTICALLY
El*lip"tic*al*ly, adv.

1. In the form of an ellipse.

2. With a part omitted; as, elliptically expressed.

ELLIPTICITY
El`lip*tic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ellipticité.]

Defn: Deviation of an ellipse or a spheroid from the form of a circle
or a sphere; especially, in reference to the figure of the earth, the
difference between the equatorial and polar semidiameters, divided by
the equatorial; thus, the ellipticity of the earth is

Note: Some writers use ellipticity as the ratio of the difference of
the two semiaxes to the minor axis, instead of the major. Nichol.

ELLIPTIC-LANCEOLATE
El*lip"tic-lan"ce*o*late, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a form intermediate between elliptic and lanceolate.

ELLIPTOGRAPH
El*lip"to*graph, n.

Defn: Same as Ellipsograph.

ELLWAND
Ell"wand, n.

Defn: Formerly, a measuring rod an ell long.

ELM
Elm, n. Etym: [AS. elm; akin to D. olm, OHG. elm, G. ulme, Icel.
almr, Dan. & Sw. alm, L. ulmus, and E. alder. Cf. Old.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tree of the genus Ulmus, of several species, much used as a
shade tree, particularly in America. The English elm is Ulmus
campestris; the common American or white elm is U. Americana; the
slippery or red elm, U. fulva. Elm beetle (Zoöl.), one of several
species of beetles (esp. Galeruca calmariensis), which feed on the
leaves of the elm.
 -- Elm borer (Zoöl.), one of several species of beetles of which the
larvæ bore into the wood or under the bark of the elm (esp. Saperda
tridentata).
 -- Elm butterfly (Zoöl.), one of several species of butterflies,
which, in the caterpillar state, feed on the leaves of the elm (esp.
Vanessa antiopa and Grapta comma). See Comma butterfly, under Comma.
 -- Elm moth (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of moths of which the
larvæ destroy the leaves of the elm (esp. Eugonia subsignaria, called
elm spanworm).
 -- Elm sawfly (Zoöl.), a large sawfly (Cimbex Americana). The larva,
which is white with a black dorsal stripe, feeds on the leaves of the
elm.

ELMEN
Elm"en, a.

Defn: Belonging to elms. [Obs.]

ELMO'S FIRE
El"mo's fire`.

Defn: See Corposant; also Saint Elmo's Fire, under Saint.

ELMY
Elm"y, a.

Defn: Abounding with elms.
The simple spire and elmy grange. T. Warton.

ELOCATION
El`o*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. e- + locate.]

1. A removal from the usual place of residence. [Obs.]

2. Departure from the usual state; an ecstasy. [Obs.]

ELOCULAR
E*loc"u*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + locular.]

Defn: Having but one cell, or cavity; not divided by a septum or
partition.

ELOCUTION
El`o*cu"tion, n. Etym: [L. elocutio, fr. eloqui, elocutus, to speak
out: cf. F. élocution. See Eloquent.]

1. Utterance by speech. [R.]
[Fruit] whose taste . . . Gave elocution to the mute, and taught The
tongue not made for speech to speak thy praise. Milton.

2. Oratorical or expressive delivery, including the graces of
intonation, gesture, etc.; style or manner of speaking or reading in
public; as, clear, impressive elocution. "The elocution of a reader."
Whately

3. Suitable and impressive writing or style; eloquent diction. [Obs.]
To express these thoughts with elocution. Dryden.

ELOCUTIONARY
El`o*cu"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to elocution.

ELOCUTIONIST
El`o*cu"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in elocution; a teacher of elocution.

ELOCUTIVE
El"o*cu`tive, a.

Defn: Pertaining to oratorical expression. [Obs.] Feltham.

ELODIAN
E*lo"di*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of tortoises, including the terrapins, etc., in
which the head and neck can be withdrawn.

ELOGE
e`loge", n. Etym: [F. See Elogium.]

Defn: A panegyrical funeral oration.

ELOGIST
El"o*gist, n. Etym: [F. élogiste.]

Defn: One who pronounces an éloge.

ELOGIUM; ELOGY
E*lo"gi*um, El"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. elogium a short saying, an
inscription, fr. Gr. .]

Defn: The praise bestowed on a person or thing; panegyric; eulogy.

ELOHIM
E*lo"him, n. Etym: [Heb.]

Defn: One of the principal names by which God is designated in the
Hebrew Scriptures.

ELOHIST
E*lo"hist, n.

Defn: The writer, or one of the writers, of the passages of the Old
Testament, notably those of Elohim instead of Jehovah, as the name of
the Supreme Being; -- distinguished from Jehovist. S. Davidson.

ELOHISTIC
El`o*his"tic, a.

Defn: Relating to Elohim as a name of God; -- said of passages in the
Old Testament.

ELOIGN
E*loign", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eloigned; p. pr. & vb. n. Eloigning.]
Etym: [F. éloigner, OF. esloignier; pref. es- (L. ex) + OF. & F. loin
far, far off, L. longe, fr. longus long. See Elongate.] [Written also
eloin.]

1. To remove afar off; to withdraw. [Obs.]
From worldly cares he did himself eloign. Spenser.

2. (Law)

Defn: To convey to a distance, or beyond the jurisdiction, or to
conceal, as goods liable to distress.
The sheriff may return that the goods or beasts are eloigned.
Blackstone.

ELOIGNATE
E*loign"ate, v. t.

Defn: To remove. [Obs.] Howell.

ELOIGNMENT
E*loign"ment, n. Etym: [F. éloignement.]

Defn: Removal to a distance; withdrawal. [Obs.]

ELOIN
E*loin", v. t.

Defn: See Eloign.

ELOINATE
E*loin"ate, v. t.

Defn: See Eloignate.

ELOINMENT
E*loin"ment, n.

Defn: See Eloignment.

ELONG
E*long", v. t. Etym: [See Eloign, Elongate.]

1. To lengthen out; to prolong. [Obs.]

2. To put away; to separate; to keep off. [Obs.] Wyatt.

ELONGATE
E*lon"gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elongated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Elongating.] Etym: [LL. elongatus, p. p. of elongare to remove, to
prolong; e + L. longus long. See Long, a., and cf. Eloign.]

1. To lengthen; to extend; to stretch; as, to elongate a line.

2. To remove further off. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ELONGATE
E*lon"gate, v. i.

Defn: To depart to, or be at, a distance; esp., to recede apparently
from the sun, as a planet in its orbit. [R.]

ELONGATE
E*lon"gate, a. Etym: [LL. elongatus.]

Defn: Drawn out at length; elongated; as, an elongate leaf. "An
elongate form." Earle.

ELONGATION
E`lon*ga"tion, n. Etym: [LL. elongatio: cf. F. élongation.]

1. The act of lengthening, or the state of being lengthened;
protraction; extension. "Elongation of the fibers." Arbuthnot.

2. That which lengthens out; continuation.
May not the mountains of Westmoreland and Cumberland be considered as
elongations of these two chains Pinkerton.

3. Removal to a distance; withdrawal; a being at a distance;
distance.
The distant points in the celestial expanse appear to the eye in so
small a degree of elongation from one another, as bears no proportion
to what is real. Glanvill.

4. (Astron.)

Defn: The angular distance of a planet from the sun; as, the
elongation of Venus or Mercury.

ELOPE
E*lope", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Eloped; p. pr. & vb. n. Eloping.] Etym:
[D. ontloopen to run away; pref. ont- (akin to G. ent-, AS. and-, cf.
E. answer) + loopen to run; akin to E. leap. See Leap, v. t.]

Defn: To run away, or escape privately, from the place or station to
which one is bound by duty; -- said especially of a woman or a man,
either married or unmarried, who runs away with a paramour or a
sweetheart.
Great numbers of them [the women] have eloped from their allegiance.
Addison.

ELOPEMENT
E*lope"ment, n.

Defn: The act of eloping; secret departure; -- said of a woman and a
man, one or both, who run away from their homes for marriage or for
cohabitation.

ELOPER
E*lop"er, n.

Defn: One who elopes.

ELOPS
E"lops, n. Etym: [L. elops, helops, a kind of sea fish, Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fishes. See Saury.

2. A mythical serpent. [Obs.] Milton.

ELOQUENCE
El"o*quence, n. Etym: [F. éloquence, L. eloquentia, fr. eloquens. See
Eloquent.]

1. Fluent, forcible, elegant, and persuasive speech in public; the
power of expressing strong emotions in striking and appropriate
language either spoken or written, thereby producing conviction or
persuasion.
Eloquence is speaking out . . . out of the abundance of the heart.
Hare.

2. Fig.: Whatever produces the effect of moving and persuasive
speech.
Silence that spoke and eloquence of eyes. Pope.
The hearts of men are their books; events are their tutors; great
actions are their eloquence. Macaulay.

3. That which is eloquently uttered or written.
O, let my books be then the eloquence And dumb presagers of my
speaking breast. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Oratory; rhetoric.

ELOQUENT
El"o*quent, a. Etym: [F. éloquent, L. eloquens, -entis, p. pr. of
eloqui to speak out, declaim; e + loqui to speak. See Loquacious.]

1. Having the power of expressing strong emotions or forcible
arguments in an elevated, impassioned, and effective manner; as, an
eloquent orator or preacher.
O Death, all-eloquent! You only prove What dust we dote on when 't is
man we love. Pope.

2. Adapted to express strong emotion or to state facts arguments with
fluency and power; as, an eloquent address or statement; an eloquent
appeal to a jury.

ELOQUENTLY
El"o*quent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an eloquent manner.

ELRICH; ELRITCH
El"rich or El"ritch, a.

Defn: Ghastly; preternatural. Same as Eldritch. [Scot. & Local, Eng.]

ELSE
Else, a. & pron. Etym: [OE. & AS. elles otherwise, gen. sing. of an
adj. signifying other; akin to OHG. elles otherwise, OSw. äljes, Sw.
eljest, Goth. aljis, adj., other, L. alius, Gr. Alias, Alien.]

Defn: Other; one or something beside; as, Who else is coming What
else shall I give Do you expect anything else "Bastards and else."
Shak.

Note: This word always follows its noun. It is usual to give the
possessive form to else rather than to the substantive; as, somebody
else's; no one else's. "A boy who is fond of somebody else's pencil
case." G. Eliot. "A suit of clothes like everybody else's."
Thackeray.

ELSE
Else, adv. & conj.

1. Besides; except that mentioned; in addition; as, nowhere else; no
one else.

2. Otherwise; in the other, or the contrary, case; if the facts were
different.
For thou desirest not sacrifice; else would I give it. Ps. li. 16.

Note: After `or', else is sometimes used expletively, as simply
noting an alternative. "Will you give thanks, . . . or else shall I"
Shak.

ELSEWHERE
Else"where`, adv.

1. In any other place; as, these trees are not to be found elsewhere.

2. In some other place; in other places, indefinitely; as, it is
reported in town and elsewhere.

ELSEWHITHER
Else"whith`er, adv.

Defn: To some, or any, other place; as, you will have to go
elsewhither for it. R. of Gloucester."For elsewhither was I bound."
Carlyle.

ELSEWISE
Else"wise`, adv.

Defn: Otherwise. [R.]

ELSIN
El"sin, n.

Defn: A shoemaker's awl. [Prov. Eng.]

ELUCIDATE
E*lu"ci*date, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elucidated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Elucidating.] Etym: [LL. elucidatus, p. p. of elucidare; e + lucidus
full of light, clear. See Lucid.]

Defn: To make clear or manifest; to render more intelligible; to
illustrate; as, an example will elucidate the subject.

ELUCIDATION
E*lu`ci*da"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. élucidation.]

Defn: A making clear; the act of elucidating or that which
elucidates, as an explanation, an exposition, an illustration; as,
one example may serve for further elucidation of the subject.

ELUCIDATIVE
E*lu"ci*da`tive, a.

Defn: Making clear; tending to elucidate; as, an elucidative note.

ELUCIDATOR
E*lu"ci*da`tor, n.

Defn: One who explains or elucidates; an expositor.

ELUCIDATORY
E*lu"ci*da*to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to elucidate; elucidative. [R.]

ELUCTATE
E*luc"tate, v. i. Etym: [L. eluctatus, p. p. of eluctari to struggle
out; e + luctari to wrestle.]

Defn: To struggle out; -- with out. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket.

ELUCTATION
E`luc*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. eluctatio.]

Defn: A struggling out of any difficulty. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

ELUCUBRATE
E*lu"cu*brate, v. i. Etym: [L. elucubratus, p. p. of elucubrare to
compose by lamplight.]

Defn: See Lucubrate. [Obs.] Blount.

ELUCUBRATION
E*lu`cu*bra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. élucubration.]

Defn: See Lucubration. [Obs.] Evelyn.

ELUDE
E*lude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Eluding.] Etym:
[L. eludere, elusum; e + ludere to play: cf. F. éluder. See
Ludicrous.]

Defn: To avoid slyly, by artifice, stratagem, or dexterity; to escape
from in a covert manner; to mock by an unexpected escape; to baffle;
as, to elude an officer; to elude detection, inquiry, search,
comprehension; to elude the force of an argument or a blow.
Me gentle Delia beckons from the plain, Then, hid in shades, eludes
he eager swain. Pope.
The transition from fetichism to polytheism seems a gradual process
of which the stages elude close definition. Tylor.

Syn.
 -- To evade; avoid; escape; shun; eschew; flee; mock; baffle;
frustrate; foil.

ELUDIBLE
E*lud"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being eluded; evadible.

ELUL
E"lul, n. Etym: [Heb.]

Defn: The sixth month of the Jewish year, by the sacred reckoning, or
the twelfth, by the civil reckoning, corresponding nearly to the
month of September.

ELUMBATED
E*lum"ba*ted, a. Etym: [L. elumbis; e + lumbus loin.]

Defn: Weak or lame in the loins. [Obs.]

ELUSION
E*lu"sion, n. Etym: [LL. elusio, fr. L. eludere, elusum. See Elude.]

Defn: Act of eluding; adroit escape, as by artifice; a mockery; a
cheat; trickery.

ELUSIVE
E*lu"sive, a.

Defn: Tending to elude; using arts or deception to escape; adroitly
escaping or evading; eluding the grasp; fallacious.
Elusive of the bridal day, she gives Fond hopes to all, and all with
hopes deceives. Pope.
-- E*lu"sive*ly, adv.
 -- E*lu"sive*ness, n.

ELUSORY
E*lu"so*ry, a. Etym: [LL. elusorius.]

Defn: Tending to elude or deceive; evasive; fraudulent; fallacious;
deceitful; deceptive.
 -- E*lu"so*ri*ness, n.

ELUTE
E*lute", v. t. Etym: [L. elutus, p. p. of eluers to elute; e + luere
to wash.]

Defn: To wash out. [R.] Arbuthnot.

ELUTRIATE
E*lu"tri*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elutriated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Elutriating.] Etym: [L. elutriatus, p. p. of elutriare.]

Defn: To wash or strain out so as to purify; as, to elutriate the
blood as it passes through the lungs; to strain off or decant, as a
powder which is separated from heavier particles by being drawn off
with water; to cleanse, as by washing.

ELUTRIATION
E*lu`tri*a"tion, n.

Defn: The process of elutriating; a decanting or racking off by means
of water, as finer particles from heavier.

ELUXATE
E*lux"ate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. e- + luxate.]

Defn: To dislocate; to luxate.

ELUXATION
E`lux*a"tion, n.

Defn: Dislocation; luxation.

ELVAN
Elv"an, a.

1. Pertaining to elves; elvish.

2. (Mining)

Defn: Of or pertaining to certain veins of feldspathic or porphyritic
rock crossing metalliferous veins in the mining districts of
Cornwall; as, an elvan course.

ELVAN; ELVANITE
Elv"an, Elv"an*ite, n.

Defn: The rock of an elvan vein, or the elvan vein itself; an elvan
course.

ELVE
Elve, n.

Defn: An old form of Elf.

ELVER
El"ver, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young eel; a young conger or sea eel; -- called also elvene.

ELVES
Elves, n.;

Defn: pl. of Elf.

ELVISH
Elv"ish, a.

1. Pertaining to elves; implike; mischievous; weird; also, vacant;
absent in demeanor. See Elfish.
He seemeth elvish by his countenance. Chaucer.

2. Mysterious; also, foolish. [Obs.]

ELVISHLY
Elv"ish*ly, adv.

Defn: In an elvish manner. Sir W. Scott.

ELWAND
El"wand, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Ellwand.

ELYSIAN
E*ly"sian, a. Etym: [L. Elysius, fr. Elysium.]

Defn: Pertaining, or the abode of the blessed after death; hence,
yielding the highest pleasures; exceedingly delightful; beatific.
"Elysian shades." Massinger. "Elysian age." Beattie.
This life of mortal breath Is but a suburb of the life elysian.
Longfellow.

ELYSIUM
E*ly"sium, n.; pl. E. Elysiums, L. Elysia. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Anc.
Myth.)

1. A dwelling place assigned to happy souls after death; the seat of
future happiness; Paradise.

2. Hence, any delightful place.
An Elysian more pure and bright than that pf the Greeks. I. Taylor.

ELYTRIFORM
E*lyt"ri*form, a. Etym: [Elytrum + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the form, or structure, of an elytron.

ELYTRIN
El"y*trin, n. Etym: [From Elytrum.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Chitin.

ELYTROID
El"y*troid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling a beetle's wing case.

ELYTRON; ELYTRUM
El"y*tron, El"y*trum (-tr n.; pl. Elytra. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the anterior pair of wings in the Coleoptera and some
other insects, when they are thick and serve only as a protection for
the posterior pair. See Coleoptera.
(b) One of the shieldlike dorsal scales of certain annelids. See
Chætopoda.

ELZEVIR
El"ze*vir, a. (Bibliog.)

Defn: Applied to books or editions (esp. of the Greek New Testament
and the classics) printed and published by the Elzevir family at
Amsterdam, Leyden, etc., from about 1592 to 1680; also, applied to a
round open type introduced by them.
The Elzevir editions are valued for their neatness, and the elegant
small types used. Brande & C.

'EM
'Em.

Defn: An obsolete or colloquial contraction of the old form hem,
them. Addison.

EM
Em, n. (Print.)

Defn: The portion of a line formerly occupied by the letter m, then a
square type, used as a unit by which to measure the amount of printed
matter on a page; the square of the body of a type.

EM-
Em-.

Defn: A prefix. See En-.

EMACERATE
E*mac"er*ate, v. t. & i. Etym: [L. emaceratus emaciated; e + macerare
to make soft.]

Defn: To make lean or to become lean; to emaciate. [Obs.] Bullokar.

EMACERATION
E*mac`er*a"tion, n.

Defn: Emaciation. [Obs.]

EMACIATE
E*ma"ci*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Emaciated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Emaciating.] Etym: [L. emaciatus, p. p. of emaciare to make lean; e +
maciare to make lean or meager, fr. macies leanness, akin to macer
lean. See Meager.]

Defn: To lose flesh gradually and become very lean; to waste away in
flesh. "He emaciated and pined away." Sir T. Browne.

EMACIATE
E*ma"ci*ate, v. t.

Defn: To cause to waste away in flesh and become very lean; as, his
sickness emaciated him.

EMACIATE
E*ma"ci*ate, a. Etym: [L. emaciatus, p. p.]

Defn: Emaciated. "Emaciate steeds." T. Warton.

EMACIATION
E*ma`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. émaciation.]

1. The act of making very lean.

2. The state of being emaciated or reduced to excessive leanness; an
excessively lean condition.

EMACULATE
E*mac"u*late, v. t. Etym: [L. emaculatus, p. p. of emaculare to clear
from spots. See Maculate.]

Defn: To clear from spots or stains, or from any imperfection. [Obs.]
Hales.

EMACULATION
E*mac`u*la"tion, n.

Defn: The act of clearing from spots. [Obs.] Johnson.

EMAIL OMBRANT; AEMAIL OMBRANT
E`mail` om`brant", Æ`mail` om`brant". Etym: [F., shaded enamel.]
(Fine Arts)

Defn: An art or process of flooding transparent colored glaze over
designs stamped or molded on earthenware or porcelain. Ure.

EMANANT
Em"a*nant, a. Etym: [L. emanans, -antis, p. pr. of emanare. See
Emanate.]

Defn: Issuing or flowing forth; emanating; passing forth into an act,
or making itself apparent by an effect; -- said of mental acts; as,
an emanant volition.

EMANATE
Em"a*nate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Emanated; p. pr. & vb. n. Emanating.]
Etym: [L. emanare, emanatum, to emanate; e out + manare to flow,
prob. for madnare, and akin to madere to be wet, drip, madidus wet,
drenched, drunk, Gr. mad to boil, matta drunk. Cf. Emane.]

1. To issue forth from a source; to flow out from more or less
constantly; as, fragrance emanates from flowers.

2. To proceed from, as a source or fountain; to take origin; to
arise, to originate.
That subsisting from of government from which all special laws
emanate. De Quincey.

Syn.
 -- To flow; arise; proceed; issue; originate.

EMANATE
Em"a*nate, a.

Defn: Issuing forth; emanant. [R.]

EMANATION
Em`a*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. emanatio: cf. F. émanation.]

1. The act of flowing or proceeding from a fountain head or origin.
South.
Those profitable and excellent emanations from God. Jer. Taylor.

2. That which issues, flows, or proceeds from any object as a source;
efflux; an effluence; as, perfume is an emanation from a flower.
An emanation of the indwelling life. Bryant.

EMANATIVE
Em"a*na*tive, a.

Defn: Issuing forth; effluent.

EMANATIVELY
Em"a*na*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By an emanation.

EMANATORY
Em"a*na*to*ry, a.

Defn: Emanative; of the nature of an emanation. Dr. H. More.

EMANCIPATE
E*man"ci*pate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emancipated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Emancipating.] Etym: [L. emancipatus, p. p. of emancipare to
emancipate; e + mancipare to transfer ownership in, fr. manceps
purchaser, as being one who laid his hand on the thing bought; manus
hand + capere to take. See Manual, and Capable.]

Defn: To set free from the power of another; to liberate; as: (a) To
set free, as a minor from a parent; as, a father may emancipate a
child. (b) To set free from bondage; to give freedom to; to manumit;
as, to emancipate a slave, or a country.
Brasidas . . . declaring that he was sent to emancipate Hellas.
Jowett (Thucyd. ).

(c) To free from any controlling influence, especially from anything
which exerts undue or evil influence; as, to emancipate one from
prejudices or error.
From how many troublesome and slavish impertinences . . . he had
emancipated and freed himself. Evelyn.
To emancipate the human conscience. A. W. Ward.

EMANCIPATE
E*man"ci*pate, a. Etym: [L. emancipatus, p. p.]

Defn: Set at liberty.

EMANCIPATION
E*man`ci*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. emancipatio: cf. F. émancipation.]

Defn: The act of setting free from the power of another, from
slavery, subjection, dependence, or controlling influence; also, the
state of being thus set free; liberation; as, the emancipation of
slaves; the emancipation of minors; the emancipation of a person from
prejudices; the emancipation of the mind from superstition; the
emancipation of a nation from tyranny or subjection.

Syn.
 -- Deliverance; liberation; release; freedom; manumission;
enfranchisement.

EMANCIPATIONIST
E*man`ci*pa"tion*ist, n.

Defn: An advocate of emancipation, esp. the emancipation of slaves.

EMANCIPATOR
E*man"ci*pa`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who emancipates.

EMANCIPATORY
E*man"ci*pa*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to emancipation, or tending to effect emancipation.
"Emancipatory laws." G. Eliot.

EMANCIPIST
E*man"ci*pist, n.

Defn: A freed convict. [Australia]

EMARGINATE
E*mar"gi*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. emarginare; e out + marginare to
furnish with a margin, fr. margo margin.]

Defn: To take away the margin of.

EMARGINATE; EMARGINATED
E*mar"gi*nate, E*mar"gi*na`ted, a.

1. Having the margin interrupted by a notch or shallow sinus.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Notched at the summit.

3. (Cryst.)

Defn: Having the edges truncated.

EMARGINATELY
E*mar"gi*nate*ly, adv.

Defn: In an emarginate manner.

EMARGINATION
E*mar`gi*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act of notching or indenting the margin, or the state of
being so notched; also, a notch or shallow sinus in a margin.

EMASCULATE
E*mas"cu*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emasculated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Emasculating.] Etym: [L. emasculare; e + masculus male, masculine.
See Male masculine.]

1. To deprive of virile or procreative power; to castrate power; to
castrate; to geld.

2. To deprive of masculine vigor or spirit; to weaken; to render
effeminate; to vitiate by unmanly softness.
Luxury had not emasculated their minds. V. Knox.

EMASCULATE
E*mas"cu*late, a.

Defn: Deprived of virility or vigor; unmanned; weak. "Emasculate
slave." Hammond.

EMASCULATION
E*mas`cu*la"tion, n.

1. The act of depriving of virility, or the state of being so
deprived; castration.

2. The act of depriving, or state of being deprived, of vigor or
strength; unmanly weakness.

EMASCULATOR
E*mas"cu*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who, or that which, emasculates.

EMASCULATORY
E*mas"cu*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving or tending to emasculate.

EMBACE
Em*bace", v. t.

Defn: See Embase. [Obs.]

EMBALE
Em*bale", v. t. Etym: [F. emballer; pref. em- (L. in) + balle bale.
See 1st Bale.] [Obs.]

1. To make up into a bale or pack. Johnson.

2. To bind up; to inclose.
Legs . . . embaled in golden buskins. Spenser.

EMBALL
Em*ball", v. t. Etym: [See Embale.]

Defn: To encircle or embrace. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

EMBALM
Em*balm", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embalmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Embalming.]
Etym: [F. embaumer; pref. em- (L. in) + baume balm. See Balm.]

1. To anoint all over with balm; especially, to preserve from decay
by means of balm or other aromatic oils, or spices; to fill or
impregnate (a dead body), with aromatics and drugs that it may resist
putrefaction.
Joseph commanded his servants, the physicians, to embalm embalmed
Israel. Gem. l. 2.

2. To fill or imbue with sweet odor; to perfume.
With fresh dews embalmed the earth. Milton.

3. To preserve from decay or oblivion as if with balm; to perpetuate
in remembrance.
Those tears eternal that embalm the dead. Pope.

EMBALMER
Em*balm"er, n.

Defn: One who embalms.

EMBALMMENT
Em*balm"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. embaumement.]

Defn: The act of embalming. [R.] Malone.

EMBANK
Em*bank", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embanked; p. pr. & vb. n. Embanking.]
Etym: [Pref. em- + bank. Cf. Imbank.]

Defn: To throw up a bank so as to confine or to defend; to protect by
a bank of earth or stone.

EMBANKMENT
Em*bank"ment, n.

1. The act of surrounding or defending with a bank.

2. A structure of earth, gravel, etc., raised to prevent water from
overflowing a level tract of country, to retain water in a reservoir,
or to carry a roadway, etc.

EMBAR
Em*bar", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embarred; p. pr. & vb. n. Embanking.]
Etym: [Pref. em- + bar: cf. F. embarrer. Cf. Embargo.]

1. To bar or shut in; to inclose securely, as with bars.
Where fast embarred in mighty brazen wall. Spenser.

2. To stop; to hinder by prohibition; to block up.
He embarred all further trade. Bacon.

EMBARCATION
Em`bar*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Same as Embarkation.

EMBARGE
Em*barge", v. t.

Defn: To put in a barge. [Poetic] Drayton.

EMBARGO
Em*bar"go, n.; pl. Embargoes. Etym: [Sp., fr. embargar to arrest,
restrain; pref. em- (L. in) + Sp. barra bar, akin to F. barre bar.
See Bar.]

Defn: An edict or order of the government prohibiting the departure
of ships of commerce from some or all of the ports within its
dominions; a prohibition to sail.

Note: If the embargo is laid on an enemy's ships, it is called a
hostile embargo; if on the ships belonging to citizens of the
embargoing state, it is called a civil embargo.

EMBARGO
Em*bar"go, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embargoed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Embargoing.]

Defn: To lay an embargo on and thus detain; to prohibit from leaving
port; -- said of ships, also of commerce and goods.

EMBARK
Em*bark", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embarked; p. pr. & vb. n. Embarking.]
Etym: [F. embarquer; pref. em- (L. in) + barque bark: cf. Sp.
embarcar, It. imbarcare. See Bark. a vessel.]

1. To cause to go on board a vessel or boat; to put on shipboard.

2. To engage, enlist, or invest (as persons, money, etc.) in any
affair; as, he embarked his fortune in trade.
It was the reputation of the sect upon which St. Paul embarked his
salvation. South.

EMBARK
Em*bark", v. i.

1. To go on board a vessel or a boat for a voyage; as, the troops
embarked for Lisbon.

2. To engage in any affair.
Slow to embark in such an undertaking. Macaulay.

EMBARKATION
Em`bar*ka"tion, n.

1. The act of putting or going on board of a vessel; as, the
embarkation of troops.

2. That which is embarked; as, an embarkation of Jesuits. Smollett.

EMBARKMENT
Em*bark"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. embarquement.]

Defn: Embarkation. [R.] Middleton.

EMBARRASS
Em*bar"rass, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embarrassed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Embarrassing.] Etym: [F. embarrasser (cf. Sp. embarazar, Pg. embara,
Pr. barras bar); pref. em- (L. in) + LL. barra bar. See Bar.]

1. To hinder from freedom of thought, speech, or action by something
which impedes or confuses mental action; to perplex; to discompose;
to disconcert; as, laughter may embarrass an orator.

2. To hinder from liberty of movement; to impede; to obstruct; as,
business is embarrassed; public affairs are embarrassed.

3. (Com.)

Defn: To involve in difficulties concerning money matters; to
incumber with debt; to beset with urgent claims or demands; -- said
of a person or his affairs; as, a man or his business is embarrassed
when he can not meet his pecuniary engagements.

Syn.
 -- To hinder; perplex; entangle; confuse; puzzle; disconcert; abash;
distress.
 -- To Embarrass, Puzzle, Perplex. We are puzzled when our faculties
are confused by something we do not understand. We are perplexed when
our feelings, as well as judgment, are so affected that we know not
how to decide or act. We are embarrassed when there is some bar or
hindrance upon us which impedes our powers of thought, speech, or
motion. A schoolboy is puzzled by a difficult sum; a reasoner is
perplexed by the subtleties of his opponent; a youth is sometimes so
embarrassed before strangers as to lose his presence of mind.

EMBARRASS
Em*bar"rass, n. Etym: [F. embarras. See Embarrass, v. t.]

Defn: Embarrassment. [Obs.] Bp. Warburton.

EMBARRASSMENT
Em*bar"rass*ment, n. Etym: [F. embarrassement.]

1. A state of being embarrassed; perplexity; impediment to freedom of
action; entanglement; hindrance; confusion or discomposure of mind,
as from not knowing what to do or to say; disconcertedness.
The embarrassment which inexperienced minds have often to express
themselves upon paper. W. Irving.
The embarrassments tom commerce growing out of the late regulations.
Bancroft.

2. Difficulty or perplexity arising from the want of money to pay
debts.

EMBASE
Em*base", v. t. Etym: [Pref. em- + base, a. or v. t.: cf. OF.
embaissier.]

Defn: To bring down or lower, as in position, value, etc.; to debase;
to degrade; to deteriorate. [Obs.]
Embased the valleys, and embossed the hills. Sylvester.
Alloy in coin of gold . . . may make the metal work the better, but
it embaseth it. Bacon.
Such pitiful embellishments of speech as serve for nothing but to
embase divinity. South.

EMBASEMENT
Em*base"ment, n. Etym: [From Embase, v. t.]

Defn: Act of bringing down; depravation; deterioration. South.

EMBASSADE
Em"bas*sade, n. Etym: [F. ambassade. See Embassy.]

Defn: An embassy. See Ambassade. [Obs.] Shak.

EMBASSADOR
Em*bas"sa*dor, n. Etym: [F. ambassadeur, Sp. embajador, LL.
ambassiator, ambasciator. See Embassy, and cf. Ambassador.]

Defn: Same as Ambassador.
Stilbon, that was a wise embassadour, Was sent to Corinth. Chaucer.
Myself my king's embassador will go. Dryden.

EMBASSADORIAL
Em*bas`sa*do"ri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ambassadorial.]

Defn: Same as Ambassadorial.

EMBASSADRESS
Em*bas"sa*dress, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ambassadrice.]

Defn: Same as Ambassadress.

EMBASSADRY
Em*bas"sa*dry, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. ambassaderie.]

Defn: Embassy. [Obs.] Leland.

EMBASSAGE
Em"bas*sage (; 48), n.

1. An embassy. "He sent a solemn embassage." Bacon.
Except your embassages have better success. Motley.

2. Message; errand. Shak.

EMBASSY
Em"bas*sy, n.; pl. Embassies. Etym: [OF. ambassée, embascée, LL.
ambasciata, fr. ambasciare for ambactiare to go on a mission, fr. L.
ambactus vassal, dependent, of Celtic or German origin; cf. W. amaeth
husbandman, Goth. andbahts servant, G. amt office, OHG. ambaht. Cf.
Ambassador.]

1. The public function of an ambassador; the charge or business
intrusted to an ambassador or to envoys; a public message to; foreign
court concerning state affairs; hence, any solemn message.
He sends the angels on embassies with his decrees. Jer. Taylor.

2. The person or persons sent as ambassadors or envoys; the
ambassador and his suite; envoys.

3. The residence or office of an ambassador.

Note: Sometimes, but rarely, spelled ambassy.

EMBASTARDIZE
Em*bas"tard*ize, v. t. Etym: [Pref. em- + bastardize.]

Defn: To bastardize. [Obs.]

EMBATHE
Em*bathe", v. t. Etym: [Pref. em- + bathe. Cf. Imbathe.]

Defn: To bathe; to imbathe.

EMBATTAIL
Em*bat"tail, v. t. Etym: [See Embattle.]

Defn: To furnish with battlements; to fortify as with battlements.
[Archaic]
To embattail and to wall about thy cause With iron-worded proof.
Tennyson.

EMBATTLE
Em*bat"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embattled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Embattling.] Etym: [OF. embataillier; pref. em- (L. in) + F. bataille
battle. See Battle, and cf. Battlement.]

Defn: To arrange in order of battle; to array for battle; also, to
prepare or arm for battle; to equip as for battle.
One in bright arms embattled full strong. Spenser.
Here once the embattled farmers stood And fired the shot heard round
the world. Emerson.

EMBATTLE
Em*bat"tle, v. i.

Defn: To be arrayed for battle. [Obs.]

EMBATTLE
Em*bat"tle, v. t. Etym: [See Battlement.]

Defn: To furnish with battlements. "Embattled house." Wordsworth.

EMBATTLED
Em*bat"tled, a.

1. Having indentations like a battlement. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Having the edge broken like battlements; -- said of a bearing
such as a fess, bend, or the like.

3. Having been the place of battle; as, an embattled plain or field.
J. Baillie.

EMBATTLEMENT
Em*bat"tle*ment, n.

1. An intended parapet; a battlement.

2. The fortifying of a building or a wall by means of battlements.

EMBAY
Em*bay", v. t. Etym: [Pref. em- + bay to bathe.]

Defn: To bathe; to soothe or lull as by bathing. [Obs.] Spenser.

EMBAY
Em*bay", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Embaying.]
Etym: [Pref. em- + 1st bay.]

Defn: To shut in, or shelter, as in a bay.
If that the Turkish fleet Be not ensheltered and embayed, they are
drowned. Shak.

EMBAYMENT
Em*bay"ment, n.

Defn: A bay. [R.]
The embayment which is terminated by the land of North Berwick. Sir
W. Scott.

EMBEAM
Em*beam", v. t.

Defn: To make brilliant with beams. [R.] G. Fletcher.

EMBED
Em*bed", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embedded; p. pr. & vb. n. Embedding.]
Etym: [Pref. em- + bed. Cf. Imbed.]

Defn: To lay as in a bed; to lay in surrounding matter; to bed; as,
to embed a thing in clay, mortar, or sand.

EMBEDMENT
Em*bed"ment, n.

Defn: The act of embedding, or the state of being embedded.

EMBELLISH
Em*bel"lish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embellished; p. pr. & vb. n.
Embellishing.] Etym: [OE. embelisen, embelisshen, F. embellir; pref.
em- (L. in) + bel, beau, beautiful. See Beauty.]

Defn: To make beautiful or elegant by ornaments; to decorate; to
adorn; as, to embellish a book with pictures, a garden with shrubs
and flowers, a narrative with striking anecdotes, or style with
metaphors.

Syn.
 -- To adorn; beautify; deck; bedeck; decorate; garnish; enrich;
ornament; illustrate. See Adorn.

EMBELLISHER
Em*bel"lish*er, n.

Defn: One who embellishes.

EMBELLISHMENT
Em*bel"lish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. embellissement.]

1. The act of adorning, or the state of being adorned; adornment.
In the selection of their ground, as well as in the embellishment of
it. Prescott.

2. That which adds beauty or elegance; ornament; decoration; as,
pictorial embellishments.
The graces and embellishments of the exterior man. I. Taylor.

EMBER
Em"ber, n. Etym: [OE. emmeres, emeres, AS. ; akin to Icel. eimyrja,
Dan. emmer, MHG. eimere; cf. Icel. eimr vapor, smoke.]

Defn: A lighted coal, smoldering amid ashes; -- used chiefly in the
plural, to signify mingled coals and ashes; the smoldering remains of
a fire. "He rakes hot embers." Dryden.
He takes a lighted ember out of the covered vessel. Colebrooke.

EMBER
Em"ber, a. Etym: [OE. ymber, AS. ymbren, ymbryne, prop., running
around, circuit; ymbe around + ryne a running, fr. rinnan to run. See
Amb-, and Run.]

Defn: Making a circuit of the year of the seasons; recurring in each
quarter of the year; as, ember fasts.

Ember days (R. C. & Eng. Ch.), days set apart for fasting and prayer
in each of the four seasons of the year. The Council of Placentia [A.
D. 1095] appointed for ember days the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday
after the first Sunday in Lent, Whitsuntide, the 14th of September,
and the 13th of December. The weeks in which these days fall are
called ember weeks.

EMBER-GOOSE
Em"ber-goose`, n. Etym: [Cf. Norw. ember, hav-imber, hav-immer, Icel.
himbrin, himbrimi.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The loon or great northern diver. See Loon. [Written also
emmer-goose and imber-goose.]

EMBERINGS
Em"ber*ings, n. pl.

Defn: Ember days. [Obs.]

EMBERIZIDAE
Emberizidae n.

Defn: a natural subfamily including buntings and some New World
sparrows.
Syn. -- subfamily Emberizidae, subfamily Emberizinae.
[WordNet 1.5]

EMBETTER
Em*bet"ter, v. t.

Defn: To make better. [Obs.]

EMBEZZLE
Em*bez"zle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embezzled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Embezzling.] Etym: [Norm. F. embeseiller to destroy; cf. OF.
besillier to ill treat, ravage, destroy. Cf. Bezzle.]

1. To appropriate fraudulently to one's own use, as property
intrusted to one's care; to apply to one's private uses by a breach
of trust; as, to embezzle money held in trust.

2. To misappropriate; to waste; to dissipate in extravagance. [Obs.]
To embezzle our money in drinking or gaming. Sharp.

EMBEZZLEMENT
Em*bez"zle*ment, n.

Defn: The fraudulent appropriation of property by a person to whom it
has been intrusted; as, the embezzlement by a clerk of his
employer's; embezzlement of public funds by the public officer having
them in charge.

Note: Larceny denotes a taking, by fraud or stealth, from another's
possession; embezzlement denotes an appropriation, by fraud or
stealth, of property already in the wrongdoer's possession. In
England and in most of the United States embezzlement is made
indictable by statute.

EMBEZZLER
Em*bez"zler, n.

Defn: One who embezzles.

EMBILLOW
Em*bil"low, v. i.

Defn: To swell or heave like a [R.] Lisle.

EMBIOTOCOID
Em`bi*ot"o*coid, a. Etym: [NL. Embiotoca, the name of one genus + -
oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, the Embiotocidæ.
 -- n.

Defn: One of a family of fishes (Embiotocidæ) abundant on the coast
of California, remarkable for being viviparous; -- also called surf
fishes and viviparous fishes. See Illust. in Append.

EMBITTER
Em*bit"ter, v. t.

Defn: To make bitter or sad. See Imbitter.

EMBITTERMENT
Em*bit"ter*ment, n.

Defn: The act of embittering; also, that which embitters.

EMBLANCH
Em*blanch", v. t. Etym: [Pref. em- + 1st blanch.]

Defn: To whiten. See Blanch. [Obs.] Heylin.

EMBLAZE
Em*blaze", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblazed; p. pr. & vb. n. Emblazing.]
Etym: [Pref. em- + 1st blaze.]

1. To adorn with glittering embellishments.
No weeping orphan saw his father's stores Our shrines irradiate, or
emblaze the floors. Pope.

2. To paint or adorn with armorial figures; to blazon, or emblazon.
[Archaic]
The imperial ensign, . . . streaming to the wind, With gems and
golden luster rich emblazed. Milton.

EMBLAZON
Em*bla"zon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblazoned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Emblazoning.] Etym: [Pref. em- + blazon. Cf. Emblaze.]

1. To depict or represent; -- said of heraldic bearings. See Blazon.

2. To deck in glaring colors; to set off conspicuously; to display
pompously; to decorate.
The walls were . . . emblazoned with legends in commemoration of the
illustrious pair. Prescott.

EMBLAZONER
Em*bla"zon*er, n.

Defn: One who emblazons; also, one who publishes and displays
anything with pomp.

EMBLAZONING
Em*bla"zon*ing, n.

Defn: The act or art of heraldic decoration; delineation of armorial
bearings.

EMBLAZONMENT
Em*bla"zon*ment, n.

Defn: An emblazoning.

EMBLAZONRY
Em*bla"zon*ry, n.; pl. Emblazonries (.

Defn: The act or art of an emblazoner; heraldic or ornamental
decoration, as pictures or figures on shields, standards, etc.;
emblazonment.
Thine ancient standard's rich emblazonry. Trench.

EMBLEM
Em"blem, n. Etym: [F. emblème, L. emblema, -atis, that which is put
in or on, inlaid work, fr. Gr. In, and Parable.]

1. Inlay; inlaid or mosaic work; something ornamental inserted in a
surface. [Obs.] Milton.

2. A visible sign of an idea; an object, or the figure of an object,
symbolizing and suggesting another object, or an idea, by natural
aptness or by association; a figurative representation; a typical
designation; a symbol; as, a balance is an emblem of justice; a
scepter, the emblem of sovereignty or power; a circle, the emblem of
eternity. "His cicatrice, an emblem of war, here on his sinister
cheek." Shak.

3. A picture accompanied with a motto, a set of verse, or the like,
intended as a moral lesson or meditation.

Note: Writers and artists of the 17th century gave much attention and
study to the composition of such emblems, and many collections of
them were published.

Syn.
 -- Sign; symbol; type; device; signal; token.
 -- Sign, Emblem, Symbol, Type. Sign is the generic word
comprehending all significant representations. An emblem is a visible
object representing another by a natural suggestion of characteristic
qualities, or an habitual and recognized association; as, a circle,
having no apparent beginning or end, is an emblem of eternity; a
particular flag is the emblem of the country or ship which has
adopted it for a sign and with which it is habitually associated.
Between emblem and symbol the distinction is slight, and often one
may be substituted for the other without impropriety. See Symbol.
Thus, a circle is either an emblem or a symbol of eternity; a
scepter, either an emblem or a symbol of authority; a lamb, either an
emblem or a symbol of meekness. "An emblem is always of something
simple; a symbol may be of something complex, as of a transaction . .
. In consequence we do not speak of actions emblematic." C. J. Smith.
A type is a representative example, or model, exhibiting the
qualities common to all individuals of the class to which it belongs;
as, the Monitor is a type of a class of war vessels.

EMBLEM
Em"blem, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblemed; p. pr. & vb. n. Embleming.]

Defn: To represent by an emblem; to symbolize. [R.]
Emblemed by the cozening fig tree. Feltham.

EMBLEMATIC; EMBLEMATICAL
Em`blem*at"ic, Em`blem*at"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. emblématique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or consisting in, an emblem;
symbolic; typically representative; representing as an emblem; as,
emblematic language or ornaments; a crown is emblematic of royalty;
white is emblematic of purity.
 -- Em`blem*at"ic*al*ly, adv.

EMBLEMATICCIZE
Em`blem*at"ic*cize, v. t.

Defn: To render emblematic; as, to emblematicize a picture. [R.]
Walpole.

EMBLEMATIST
Em*blem"a*tist, n.

Defn: A writer or inventor of emblems. Sir T. Browne.

EMBLEMATIZE
Em*blem"a*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblematized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Emblematizing.]

Defn: To represent by, or as by, an emblem; to symbolize.
Anciently the sun was commonly emblematized by a starry or radiate
figure. Bp. Hurd.

EMBLEMENT
Em"ble*ment, n. Etym: [OF. embleer to sow with corn, F. emblaver, fr.
LL. imbladare; pref. in- + LL. bladum grain, F. blé.] (Law)

Defn: The growing crop, or profits of a crop which has been sown or
planted; -- used especially in the plural. The produce of grass,
trees, and the like, is not emblement. Wharton's Law Dict.

EMBLEMIZE
Em"blem*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblemized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Emblemizing.]

Defn: To represent by an emblem; to emblematize. [R.]

EMBLOOM
Em*bloom", v. t.

Defn: To emblossom. Savage.

EMBLOSSOM
Em*blos"som, v. t.

Defn: To cover or adorn with blossoms.
On the white emblossomed spray. J. Cunningham.

EMBODIER
Em*bod"i*er, n.

Defn: One who embodies.

EMBODIMENT
Em*bod"i*ment, n.

1. The act of embodying; the state of being embodied.

2. That which embodies or is embodied; representation in a physical
body; a completely organized system, like the body; as, the
embodiment of courage, or of courtesy; the embodiment of true piety.

EMBODY
Em*bod"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embodied; p. pr. & vb. n. Embodying.]

Defn: To form into a body; to invest with a body; to collect into a
body, a united mass, or a whole; to incorporate; as, to embody one's
ideas in a treatise. [Written also imbody.]
Devils embodied and disembodied. Sir W. Scott.
The soul, while it is embodied, can no more be divided from sin.
South.

EMBODY
Em*bod"y, v. i.

Defn: To unite in a body, a mass, or a collection; to coalesce.
[Written also imbody.]
Firmly to embody against this court party. Burke.

EMBOGUE
Em*bogue", v. i. Etym: [See Disembogue.]

Defn: To disembogue; to discharge, as a river, its waters into the
sea or another river. [R.]

EMBOGUING
Em*bo"guing, n.

Defn: The mouth of a river, or place where its waters are discharged.
[R.]

EMBOIL
Em*boil", v. i.

Defn: To boil with anger; to effervesce. [Obs.] Spenser.

EMBOIL
Em*boil", v. t.

Defn: To cause to boil with anger; to irritate; to chafe. [Obs.]
Spenser.

EMBOITEMENT
Em`boîte"ment`, n. Etym: [F., fr. emboîter to fit in, insert; en in +
boîte box.] (Biol.)

Defn: The hypothesis that all living things proceed from preëxisting
germs, and that these encase the germs of all future living things,
inclosed one within another. Buffon.

EMBOLDEN
Em*bold"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emboldened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Emboldening.]

Defn: To give boldness or courage to; to encourage. Shak.
The self-conceit which emboldened him to undertake this dangerous
office. Sir W. Scott.

EMBOLDENER
Em*bold"en*er, n.

Defn: One who emboldens.

EMBOLIC
Em*bol"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Embolism.]

1. Embolismic.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to an embolism; produced by an embolism; as, an
embolic abscess.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: Pushing or growing in; -- said of a kind of invagination. See
under Invagination.

EMBOLISM
Em"bo*lism, n. Etym: [L. embolismus, from Gr. embolisme. See Emblem.]

1. Intercalation; the insertion of days, months, or years, in an
account of time, to produce regularity; as, the embolism of a lunar
month in the Greek year.

2. Intercalated time. Johnson.

3. (Med.)

Defn: The occlusion of a blood vessel by an embolus. Embolism in the
brain often produces sudden unconsciousness and paralysis.

EMBOLISMAL
Em`bo*lis"mal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to embolism; intercalary; as, embolismal months.

EMBOLISMATIC; EMBOLISMATICAL
Em`bo*lis*mat"ic, Em`bo*lis*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Embolismic.

EMBOLISMIC; EMBOLISMICAL
Em`bo*lis"mic, Em`bo*lis"mic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. embolismique.]

Defn: Pertaining to embolism or intercalation; intercalated; as, an
embolismic year, i. e., the year in which there is intercalation.

EMBOLITE
Em"bo*lite, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral consisting of both the chloride and the bromide of
silver.

EMBOLUS
Em"bo*lus, n.; pl. Emboli. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Emblem.]

1. Something inserted, as a wedge; the piston or sucker of a pump or
syringe.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A plug of some substance lodged in a blood vessel, being
brought thither by the blood current. It consists most frequently of
a clot of fibrin, a detached shred of a morbid growth, a globule of
fat, or a microscopic organism.

EMBOLY
Em"bo*ly, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Embolic invagination. See under Invagination.

EMBONPOINT
Em`bon`point", n. Etym: [F., fr. en bon point in good condition. See
Bon, and Point.]

Defn: Plumpness of person; -- said especially of persons somewhat
corpulent.

EMBORDER
Em*bor"der, v. t. Etym: [Pref. em- (L. in) + border: cf. OF.
emborder.]

Defn: To furnish or adorn with a border; to imborder.

EMBOSOM
Em*bos"om, v. t. Etym: [Written also imbosom.]

1. To take into, or place in, the bosom; to cherish; to foster.
Glad to embosom his affection. Spenser.

2. To inclose or surround; to shelter closely; to place in the midst
of something.
His house embosomed in the grove. Pope.
Some tender flower . . . . Embosomed in the greenest glade. Keble.

EMBOSS
Em*boss", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embossed; p. pr. & vb. n. Embossing.]
Etym: [Pref. em- (L. in) + boss: cf. OF. embosser to swell in
bunches.]

1. To arise the surface of into bosses or protuberances;
particularly, to ornament with raised work.
Botches and blains must all his flesh emboss. Milton.

2. To raise in relief from a surface, as an ornament, a head on a
coin, or the like.
Then o'er the lofty gate his art embossed Androgeo's death. Dryden.
Exhibiting flowers in their natural color embossed upon a purple
ground. Sir W. Scott.

EMBOSS
Em*boss", v. t. Etym: [Etymology uncertain.]

Defn: To make to foam at the mouth, like a hunted animal. [Obs.]

EMBOSS
Em*boss", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Pr. & Sp. emboscar, It. imboscare, F.
embusquer, and E. imbosk.]

1. To hide or conceal in a thicket; to imbosk; to inclose, shelter,
or shroud in a wood. [Obs.]
In the Arabian woods embossed. Milton.

2. To surround; to ensheath; to immerse; to beset.
A knight her met in mighty arms embossed. Spenser.

EMBOSS
Em*boss", v. i.

Defn: To seek the bushy forest; to hide in the woods. [Obs.] S.
Butler.

EMBOSSED
Em*bossed", a.

1. Formed or covered with bosses or raised figures.

2. Having a part projecting like the boss of a shield.

3. Swollen; protuberant. [Obs.] "An embossed carbuncle." Shak.

EMBOSSER
Em*boss"er, n.

Defn: One who embosses.

EMBOSSMENT
Em*boss"ment, n.

1. The act of forming bosses or raised figures, or the state of being
so formed.

2. A bosslike prominence; figure in relief; raised work; jut;
protuberance; esp., a combination of raised surfaces having a
decorative effect. "The embossment of the figure." Addison.

EMBOTTLE
Em*bot"tle, v. t.

Defn: To bottle. [R.] Phillips.

EMBOUCHURE
Em`bou`chure", n. Etym: [F., fr. emboucher to put to the mouth; pref.
em- (L. in) + bouche the mouth. Cf. Embouge, Debouch.]

1. The mouth of a river; also, the mouth of a cannon.

2. (Mus.)
(a) The mouthpiece of a wind instrument.
(b) The shaping of the lips to the mouthpiece; as, a flute player has
a good embouchure.

EMBOW
Em*bow", v. t.

Defn: To bend like a bow; to curve. "Embowed arches." [Obs. or R.]
Sir W. Scott.
With gilded horns embowed like the moon. Spenser.

EMBOWEL
Em*bow"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emboweled or Embowelled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Emboweling or Embowelling.]

1. To disembowel.
The barbarous practice of emboweling. Hallam.
The boar . . . makes his trough In your emboweled bosoms. Shak.

Note: Disembowel is the preferable word in this sense.

2. To imbed; to hide in the inward parts; to bury.
Or deep emboweled in the earth entire. Spenser.

EMBOWELER
Em*bow"el*er, n.

Defn: One who takes out the bowels. [Written also emboweller.]

EMBOWELMENT
Em*bow"el*ment, n.

Defn: Disembowelment.

EMBOWER
Em*bow"er, v. t.

Defn: To cover with a bower; to shelter with trees. [Written also
imbower.] [Poetic] Milton.
 -- v. i.

Defn: To lodge or rest in a bower. [Poetic] "In their wide boughs
embow'ring. " Spenser.

EMBOWL
Em*bowl", v. t.

Defn: To form like a bowl; to give a globular shape to. [Obs.] Sir P.
Sidney.

EMBOX
Em*box", v. t.

Defn: To inclose, as in a box; to imbox.

EMBOYSSEMENT
Em*boysse"ment, n. Etym: [See Embushment.]

Defn: An ambush. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EMBRACE
Em*brace", v. t. Etym: [Pref. em- (intens.) + brace, v. t.]

Defn: To fasten on, as armor. [Obs.] Spenser.

EMBRACE
Em*brace", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embraced; p. pr. & vb. n. Embracing.]
Etym: [OE. embracier, F. embrasser; pref. em- (L. in) + F. bras arm.
See Brace, n.]

1. To clasp in the arms with affection; to take in the arms; to hug.
I will embrace him with a soldier's arm, That he shall shrink under
my courtesy. Shak.
Paul called unto him the disciples, and embraced them. Acts xx. 1.

2. To cling to; to cherish; to love. Shak.

3. To seize eagerly, or with alacrity; to accept with cordiality; to
welcome. "I embrace these conditions." "You embrace the occasion."
Shak.
What is there that he may not embrace for truth Locke.

4. To encircle; to encompass; to inclose.
Low at his feet a spacious plain is placed, Between the mountain and
the stream embraced. Denham.

5. To include as parts of a whole; to comprehend; to take in; as,
natural philosophy embraces many sciences.
Not that my song, in such a scanty space, So large a subject fully
can embrace. Dryden.

6. To accept; to undergo; to submit to. "I embrace this fortune
patiently." Shak.

7. (Law)

Defn: To attempt to influence corruptly, as a jury or court.
Blackstone.

Syn.
 -- To clasp; hug; inclose; encompass; include;

EMBRACE
Em*brace", v. i.

Defn: To join in an embrace.

EMBRACE
Em*brace", n.

Defn: Intimate or close encircling with the arms; pressure to the
bosom; clasp; hug.
We stood tranced in long embraces, Mixed with kisses. Tennyson.

EMBRACEMENT
Em*brace"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. embrassement.]

1. A clasp in the arms; embrace.
Dear though chaste embracements. Sir P. Sidney.

2. State of being contained; inclosure. [Obs.]
In the embracement of the parts hardly reparable, as bones. Bacon.

3. Willing acceptance. [Obs.]
A ready embracement of . . . his kindness. Barrow.

EMBRACEOR
Em*brace"or, n. (Law)

Defn: One guilty of embracery.

EMBRACER
Em*bra"cer, n.

Defn: One who embraces.

EMBRACERY
Em*bra"cer*y, n. (Law)

Defn: An attempt to influence a court, jury, etc., corruptly, by
promises, entreaties, money, entertainments, threats, or other
improper inducements.

EMBRACIVE
Em*bra"cive, a.

Defn: Disposed to embrace; fond of caressing. [R.] Thackeray.

EMBRAID
Em*braid", v. t. Etym: [Pref. em- (L. in) + 1st braid.]

1. To braid up, as hair. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To upbraid. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

EMBRANCHMENT
Em*branch"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. embranchement.]

Defn: The branching forth, as of trees.

EMBRANGLE
Em*bran"gle, v. t. Etym: [Pref. em- (L. in) + brangle.]

Defn: To confuse; to entangle.
I am lost and embrangled in inextricable difficulties. Berkeley.

EMBRASURE
Em*bra"sure, n. Etym: [See Embrace.]

Defn: An embrace. [Obs.] "Our locked embrasures."" Shak.

EMBRASURE
Em*bra"sure (277), n. Etym: [F., fr. embraser, perh. equiv. to
ébraser to widen an opening; of unknown origin.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A splay of a door or window.
Apart, in the twilight gloom of a window's embrasure, Sat the lovers.
Longfellow.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: An aperture with slant sides in a wall or parapet, through
which cannon are pointed and discharged; a crenelle. See Illust. of
Casemate.

EMBRAVE
Em*brave", v. t.

1. To inspire with bravery. [Obs.] Beaumont.

2. To decorate; to make showy and fine. [Obs.]
And with sad cypress seemly it embraves. Spenser.

EMBRAWN
Em*brawn", v. t.

Defn: To harden. [Obs.]
It will embrawn and iron-crust his flesh. Nash.

EMBREAD
Em*bread", v. t. Etym: [Pref. em- (L. in) + bread = 1st braid.]

Defn: To braid. [Obs.] Spenser.

EMBREATHEMENT
Em*breathe"ment, n.

Defn: The act of breathing in; inspiration. [R.]
The special and immediate suggestion, embreathement, and dictation of
the Holy Ghost. W. Lee.

EMBREW
Em*brew", v. t.

Defn: To imbrue; to stain with blood. [Obs.] Spenser.

EMBRIGHT
Em*bright", v. t.

Defn: To brighten. [Obs.]

EMBROCATE
Em"bro*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embrocated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Embrocating.] Etym: [NL. embrocatus, p. p. of embrocare; cf. Gr.
(Med.)

Defn: To moisten and rub (a diseased part) with a liquid substance,
as with spirit, oil, etc., by means of a cloth or sponge.

EMBROCATION
Em`bro*ca"tion, n. Etym: [NL. embrocatio: cf. F. embrocation.] (Med.)
(a) The act of moistening and rubbing a diseased part with spirit,
oil, etc.
(b) The liquid or lotion with which an affected part is rubbed.

EMBROGLIO
Em*brogl"io, n.

Defn: See Imbroglio.

EMBROIDER
Em*broid"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embroidered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Embroidering.] Etym: [OE. embrouden. See Broider.]

Defn: To ornament with needlework; as, to embroider a scarf.
Thou shalt embroider the coat of fine linen. Ex. xxviii. 39.

EMBROIDERER
Em*broid"er*er, n.

Defn: One who embroiders.

EMBROIDERY
Em*broid"er*y, n.; pl. Embroideries (.

1. Needlework used to enrich textile fabrics, leather, etc.; also,
the art of embroidering.

2. Diversified ornaments, especially by contrasted figures and
colors; variegated decoration.
Fields in spring's embroidery are dressed. Addison.
A mere rhetorical embroidery of phrases. J. A. Symonds.

EMBROIL
Em*broil", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embroiled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Embroiling.] Etym: [F. embrouiller; pref. em- (L. in) + brouiller.
See 1st Broil, and cf. Imbroglio.]

1. To throw into confusion or commotion by contention or discord; to
entangle in a broil or quarrel; to make confused; to distract; to
involve in difficulties by dissension or strife.
The royal house embroiled in civil war. Dryden.

2. To implicate in confusion; to complicate; to jumble.
The Christian antiquities at Rome . . . are so embroiled with
Addison.

Syn.
 -- To perplex; entangle; distract; disturb; disorder; trouble;
implicate; commingle.

EMBROIL
Em*broil", n.

Defn: See Embroilment.

EMBROILER
Em*broil"er, n.

Defn: One who embroils.

EMBROILMENT
Em*broil"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. embrouillement.]

Defn: The act of embroiling, or the condition of being embroiled;
entanglement in a broil. Bp. Burnet.

EMBRONZE
Em*bronze", v. t.

1. To embody in bronze; to set up a bronze representation of, as of a
person. [Poetic]

2. To color in imitation of bronze. See Bronze, v. t.

EMBROTHEL
Em*broth"el, v. t.

Defn: To inclose in a brothel. [Obs.] Donne.

EMBROUDE; EMBROWDE; EMBROYDE
Em*broud"e, Em*browd"e, Em*broyd"e, v. t.

Defn: To embroider; to adorn. [Obs.]
Embrowded was he, as it were a mead All full of fresshe flowers,
white and red. Chaucer.

EMBROWN
Em*brown", v. t. Etym: [Pref. em- (L. in) + brown.]

Defn: To give a brown color to; to imbrown.
Summer suns embrown the laboring swain. Fenton.

EMBRUE
Em*brue", v. t.

Defn: See Imbrue, Embrew. [Obs.]

EMBRUTE
Em*brute", v. t. Etym: [Pref. em- (L. in) + brute. Cf. Imbrute.]

Defn: To brutify; to imbrute.
All the man embruted in the swine. Cawthorn.

EMBRYO
Em"bry*o, n.; pl. Embryos. Etym: [F. embryon, Gr. in) + brew.]
(Biol.)

Defn: The first rudiments of an organism, whether animal or plant;
as:
(a) The young of an animal in the womb, or more specifically, before
its parts are developed and it becomes a fetus (see Fetus).
(b) The germ of the plant, which is inclosed in the seed and which is
developed by germination. In embryo, in an incipient or undeveloped
state; in conception, but not yet executed. "The company little
suspected what a noble work I had then in embryo." Swift.

EMBRYO
Em"bry*o, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an embryo; rudimentary; undeveloped; as, an
embryo bud.

EMBRYOGENIC
Em`bry*o*gen"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to the development of an embryo.

EMBRYOGENY
Em`bry*og"e*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. embryogénie.] (Biol.)

Defn: The production and development of an embryo.

EMBRYOGONY
Em`bry*og"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The formation of an embryo.

EMBRYOGRAPHY
Em`bry*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.] (Biol.)

Defn: The general description of embryos.

EMBRYOLOGIC; EMBRYOLOGICAL
Em`bry*o*log"ic, Em`bry*o*log"ic*al, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to embryology.

EMBRYOLOGIST
Em`bry*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One skilled in embryology.

EMBRYOLOGY
Em`bry*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. embryologie.] (Biol.)

Defn: The science which relates to the formation and development of
the embryo in animals and plants; a study of the gradual development
of the ovum until it reaches the adult stage.

EMBRYON
Em"bry*on, n. & a. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Embryo.

EMBRYONAL
Em"bry*o*nal, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to an embryo, or the initial state of any organ;
embryonic.

EMBRYONARY
Em"bry*o*na*ry, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Embryonic.

EMBRYONATE; EMBRYONATED
Em"bry*o*nate, Em"bry*o*na`ted, a. (Biol.)

Defn: In the state of, or having, an embryonal.

EMBRYONIC
Em`bry*on"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an embryo; embryonal; rudimentary.
Embryonic sac or vesicle (Bot.), the vesicle within which the embryo
is developed in the ovule; -- sometimes called also amnios sac, and
embryonal sac.

EMBRYONIFEROUS
Em`bry*o*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Embryo + -ferous.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having an embryo.

EMBRYONIFORM
Em`bry*on"i*form, a. Etym: [Embryo + -form.] (Biol.)

Defn: Like an embryo in form.

EMBRYOPLASTIC
Em`bry*o*plas"tic, n. Etym: [Embryo + plastic.] (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to, or aiding in, the formation of an embryo; as,
embryoplastic cells.

EMBRYO SAC
Em"bry*o sac`. (Bot.)

Defn: See under Embryonic.

EMBRYOTIC
Em`bry*ot"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Embryonic.

EMBRYOTOMY
Em`bry*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. embryotomie.] (Med.)

Defn: The cutting a fetus into pieces within the womb, so as to
effect its removal.

EMBRYOTROPH
Em"bry*o*troph`, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The material from which an embryo is formed and nourished.

EMBRYOUS
Em"bry*ous, a.

Defn: Embryonic; undeveloped. [R.]

EMBULK
Em*bulk", v. t.

Defn: To enlarge in the way of bulk. [R.] Latham.

EMBURSE
Em*burse", v. t. Etym: [See Imburse.]

Defn: To furnish with money; to imburse. [Obs.]

EMBUSH
Em*bush", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Ambush, Imbosk.]

Defn: To place or hide in a thicket; to ambush. [Obs.] Shelton.

EMBUSHMENT
Em*bush"ment, n. Etym: [OE. embusshement, OF. embuschement, F.
embûchement.]

Defn: An ambush. [Obs.]

EMBUSY
Em*bus"y, v. t.

Defn: To employ. [Obs.] Skelton.

EME
Eme, n. Etym: [See Eame.]

Defn: An uncle. [Obs.] Spenser.

EMEER
E*meer", n.

Defn: Same as Emir.

EMENAGOGUE
E*men"a*gogue, n.

Defn: See Emmenagogue.

EMEND
E*mend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emended; p. pr. & vb. n. Emending.]
Etym: [L. emendare; e out + menda, mendum, fault, blemish: cf. F.
émender. Cf. Amend, Mend.]

Defn: To purge of faults; to make better; to correct; esp., to make
corrections in (a literary work); to alter for the better by textual
criticism, generally verbal.

Syn.
 -- To amend; correct; improve; better; reform; rectify. See Amend.

EMENDABLE
E*mend"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. emendabilis. Cf. Amendable.]

Defn: Corrigible; amendable. [R.] Bailey.

EMENDATELY
Em"en*date*ly, adv.

Defn: Without fault; correctly. [Obs.]

EMENDATION
Em`en*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. emendatio: cf. F. émendation.]

1. The act of altering for the better, or correcting what is
erroneous or faulty; correction; improvement. "He lies in his sin
without repentance or emendation." Jer. Taylor.

2. Alteration by editorial criticism, as of a text so as to give a
better reading; removal of errors or corruptions from a document; as,
the book might be improved by judicious emendations.

EMENDATOR
Em"en*da`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who emends or critically edits.

EMENDATORY
E*mend"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. emendatorius.]

Defn: Pertaining to emendation; corrective. "Emendatory criticism.""
Johnson.

EMENDER
E*mend"er, n.

Defn: One who emends.

EMENDICATE
E*men"di*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. emendicatus, p. p. of emendicare to
obtain by begging. See Mendicate.]

Defn: To beg. [Obs.] Cockeram.

EMERALD
Em"er*ald, n. Etym: [OE. emeraude, OF. esmeraude, esmeralde, F.
émeraude, L. smaragdus, fr. Gr. marakata.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A precious stone of a rich green color, a variety of beryl. See
Beryl.

2. (Print.)

Defn: A kind of type, in size between minion and nonpare

Note: * This line is printed in the type called emerald.

EMERALD
Em"er*ald, a.

Defn: Of a rich green color, like that of the emerald. "Emerald
meadows." Byron. Emerald fish (Zoöl.), a fish of the Gulf of Mexico
(Gobionellus oceanicus), remarkable for the brilliant green and blue
color of the base of the tongue; -- whence the name; -- called also
esmeralda.
 -- Emerald green, a very durable pigment, of a vivid light green
color, made from the arseniate of copper; green bice; Scheele's
green; -- also used adjectively; as, emerald green crystals.
 -- Emerald Isle, a name given to Ireland on account of the
brightness of its verdure.
 -- Emerald spodumene, or Lithia emerald. (Min.) See Hiddenite.
 -- Emerald nickel. (Min.) See Zaratite.

EMERALDINE
Em"er*ald*ine (; 104), n.

Defn: A green compound used as a dyestuff, produced from aniline blue
when acted upon by acid.

EMERAUD
Em"er*aud, n. Etym: [See Emerald, n.]

Defn: An emerald. [Obs.] Spenser.

EMERGE
E*merge", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Emerged; p. pr. & vb. n. Emerging.]
Etym: [L. emergere, emersum; e out + mergere to dip, plunge. See
Merge.]

Defn: To rise out of a fluid; to come forth from that in which
anything has been plunged, enveloped, or concealed; to issue and
appear; as, to emerge from the water or the ocean; the sun emerges
from behind the moon in an eclipse; to emerge from poverty or
obscurity. "Thetis . . . emerging from the deep." Dryden.
Those who have emerged from very low, some from the lowest, classes
of society. Burke.

EMERGENCE
E*mer"gence, n.; pl. Emergences (.

Defn: The act of rising out of a fluid, or coming forth from
envelopment or concealment, or of rising into view; sudden uprisal or
appearance.
The white color of all refracted light, at its very first emergence .
. . is compounded of various colors. Sir I. Newton.
When from the deep thy bright emergence sprung. H. Brooke.

EMERGENCY
E*mer"gen*cy, n.; pl. Emergencies. Etym: [See Emergence.]

1. Sudden or unexpected appearance; an unforeseen occurrence; a
sudden occasion.
Most our rarities have been found out by casual emergency. Glanvill.

2. An unforeseen occurrence or combination of circumstances which
calls for immediate action or remedy; pressing necessity; exigency.
To whom she might her doubts propose, On all emergencies that rose.
Swift.
A safe counselor in most difficult emergencies. Brougham.

Syn.
 -- Crisis; conjuncture; exigency; pinch; strait; necessity.

EMERGENT
E*mer"gent, a. Etym: [L. emergens, p. pr. of emergere.]

1. Rising or emerging out of a fluid or anything that covers or
conceals; issuing; coming to light.
The mountains huge appear emergent. Milton.

2. Suddenly appearing; arising unexpectedly;
Protection granted in emergent danger. Burke.
Emergent year (Chron.), the epoch or date from which any people begin
to compute their time or dates; as, the emergent year of Christendom
is that of the birth of Christ; the emergent year of the United
States is that of the declaration of their independence.
 -- E*mer"gent*ly, adv.
 -- E*mer"gent*ness, n. [R.]

EMERIL
Em"er*il, n.

1. Emery. [Obs.] Drayton.

2. A glazier's diamond. Crabb.

EMERITED
Em"er*it*ed, a. Etym: [See Emeritus.]

Defn: Considered as having done sufficient public service, and
therefore honorably discharged. [Obs.] Evelyn.

EMERITUS
E*mer"i*tus, a. Etym: [L., having served out his time, p. p. of
emerere, emereri, to obtain by service, serve out one's term; e out +
merere, mereri, to merit, earn, serve.]

Defn: Honorably discharged from the performance of public duty on
account of age, infirmity, or long and faithful services; -- said of
an officer of a college or pastor of a church.

EMERITUS
E*mer"i*tus, n.; pl. Emeriti. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A veteran who has honorably completed his service.

EMERODS; EMEROIDS
Em"er*ods, Em"er*oids, n. pl. Etym: [OF. emmeroides. See
Hemorrhoids.]

Defn: Hemorrhoids; piles; tumors; boils. [R.] Deut. xxviii. 27.

EMERSED
E*mersed", a. Etym: [L. emersus, p. p. See Emerge.] (Bot.)

Defn: Standing out of, or rising above, water. Gray.

EMERSION
E*mer"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. émersion. See Emerge.]

1. The act of emerging, or of rising out of anything; as, emersion
from the sea; emersion from obscurity or difficulties.
Their immersion into water and their emersion out of the same.
Knatchbull.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The reappearance of a heavenly body after an eclipse or
occultation; as, the emersion of the moon from the shadow of the
earth; the emersion of a star from behind the moon.

EMERY
Em"er*y, n. Etym: [F. émeri, earlier émeril, It. smeriglio, fr. Gr.
smear. Cf. Emeril.] (Min.)

Defn: Corundum in the form of grains or powder, used in the arts for
grinding and polishing hard substances. Native emery is mixed with
more or less magnetic iron. See the Note under Corundum. Emery board,
cardboard pulp mixed with emery and molded into convenient.
 -- Emery cloth or paper, cloth or paper on which the powder of emery
is spread and glued for scouring and polishing.
 -- Emery wheel, a wheel containing emery, or having a surface of
emery. In machine shops, it is sometimes called a buff wheel, and by
the manufacturers of cutlery, a glazer.

EMESIS
Em"e*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Emetic.] (Med.)

Defn: A vomiting.

EMETIC
E*met"ic, a. Etym: [L. emeticus, Gr. vomere: cf. F. émétique. See
Vomit.] (Med.)

Defn: Inducing to vomit; exciting the stomach to discharge its
contents by the mouth.
 -- n.

Defn: A medicine which causes vomiting.

EMETICAL
E*met"ic*al, a.

Defn: Inducing to vomit; producing vomiting; emetic.
 -- E*met"ic*al*ly, adv.

EMETINE
Em"e*tine (; 104), n. Etym: [See Emetic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline bitter alkaloid extracted from ipecacuanha
root, and regarded as its peculiar emetic principle.

EMETO-CATHARTIC
Em`e*to-ca*thar"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. cathartic.] (Med.)

Defn: Producing vomiting and purging at the same time.

EMEU; EMEW
E"meu, or E"mew, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Emu.

EMEUTE
e`meute", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A seditious tumult; an outbreak.

E. M. F.
E. M. F. (Physics)

Defn: An abbreviation for electro-motive force.

EMFORTH
Em*forth", prep. Etym: [AS. em-, emn-, in comp. equiv. to efen equal
+ for forth.]

Defn: According to; conformably to. [Obs.] Chaucer. Emforth my might,
so far as lies in my power. [Obs.]

EMGALLA
Em*gal"la, n. (Zoöl.) Etym: [Native name.]

Defn: The South African wart hog. See Wart hog.

EMICANT
Em"i*cant, a. Etym: [L. emicans, p. pr. of emicare. See Emication.]

Defn: Beaming forth; flashing. [R.]
Which emicant did this and that way dart. Blackmore.

EMICATION
Em`i*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. emicatio, fr. emicare to spring out or
forth; e. out + micare to move quickly to and fro, to sparkle.]

Defn: A flying off in small particles, as heated iron or fermenting
liquors; a sparkling; scintillation. Sir T. Browne.

EMICTION
E*mic"tion, n. Etym: [L. e out + mingere, mictum, to make water.]

1. The voiding of urine.

2. What is voided by the urinary passages; urine.

EMICTORY
E*mic"to*ry, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Diuretic.

EMIGRANT
Em"i*grant, a. Etym: [L. emigrans, -antis, p. pr. of emigrare to
emigrate: cf. F. émigrant. See Emigrate, v. i.]

1. Removing from one country to another; emigrating; as, an emigrant
company or nation.

2. Pertaining to an emigrant; used for emigrants; as, an emigrant
ship or hospital.

EMIGRANT
Em"i*grant, n.

Defn: One who emigrates, or quits one country or region to settle in
another.

Syn.
 -- Emigrant, Immigrant. Emigrant and emigration have reference to
the country from which the migration is made; the correlative words
immigrant and immigration have reference to the country into which
the migration is made, the former marking the going out from a
country, the latter the coming into it.

EMIGRATE
Em"i*grate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Emigrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Emigrating.] Etym: [L. emigratus, p. p. of emigrare to remove,
emigrate; e out + migrare to migrate. See Migrate.]

Defn: To remove from one country or State to another, for the purpose
of residence; to migrate from home.
Forced to emigrate in a body to America. Macaulay.
They [the Huns] were emigrating from Tartary into Europe in the time
of the Goths. J. H. Newman.

EMIGRATE
Em"i*grate, a.

Defn: Migratory; roving. [Obs.]

EMIGRATION
Em`i*gra"tion, n. Etym: [L. emigratio: cf. F. émigration.]

1. The act of emigrating; removal from one country or state to
another, for the purpose of residence, as from Europe to America, or,
in America, from the Atlantic States to the Western.

2. A body emigrants; emigrants collectively; as, the German
emigration.

EMIGRATIONAL
Em`i*gra"tion*al, a.

Defn: Relating to emigration.

EMIGRATIONIST
Em`i*gra"tion*ist, n.

Defn: An advocate or promoter of emigration.

EMIGRATOR
Em"i*gra`tor, n.

Defn: One who emigrates; am emigrant. [R.]

EMIGRE
e`mi`gre", n. Etym: [F., emigrant.]

Defn: One of the natives of France who were opposed to the first
Revolution, and who left their country in consequence.

EMINENCE
Em"i*nence, n. Etym: [L. eminentia, fr. eminens eminent: cf. F.
éminence.]

1. That which is eminent or lofty; a high ground or place; a height.
Without either eminences or cavities. Dryden.
The temple of honor ought to be seated on an eminence. Burke.

2. An elevated condition among men; a place or station above men in
general, either in rank, office, or celebrity; social or moral
loftiness; high rank; distinction; preferment. Milton.
You 've too a woman's heart, which ever yet Affected eminence,
wealth, sovereignty. Shak.

3. A title of honor, especially applied to a cardinal in the Roman
Catholic Church.

EMINENCY
Em"i*nen*cy, n.; pl Eminences (.

Defn: State of being eminent; eminence. "Eminency of estate."
Tillotson.

EMINENT
Em"i*nent, a. Etym: [L. eminens, -entis, p. pr. of eminere to stand
out, be prominent; e out + minere (in comp.) to project; of uncertain
origin: cf. F. éminent. Cf. Menace.]

1. High; lofty; towering; prominent. "A very eminent promontory."
Evelyn

2. Being, metaphorically, above others, whether by birth, high
station, merit, or virtue; high in public estimation; distinguished;
conspicuous; as, an eminent station; an eminent historian,
statements, statesman, or saint. Right of eminent domain. (Law) See
under Domain.

Syn.
 -- Lofty; elevated; exalted; conspicuous; prominent; remarkable;
distinguished; illustrious; famous; celebrated; renowned; well-known.
See Distinguished.

EMINENTLY
Em"i*nent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an eminent manner; in a high degree; conspicuously; as, to
be eminently learned.

EMIR; EMEER
E"mir, E*meer", n. Etym: [Ar. emir, amir, commander: cf. F. émir. Cf.
Admiral, Ameer.]

Defn: An Arabian military commander, independent chieftain, or ruler
of a province; also, an honorary title given to the descendants of
Mohammed, in the line of his daughter Fatima; among the Turks,
likewise, a title of dignity, given to certain high officials.

EMIRSHIP; EMEERSHIP
E`mir*ship, E*meer"ship, n.

Defn: The rank or office of an Emir.

EMISSARY
Em"is*sa*ry, n.; pl. Emissaries. Etym: [L. emissarius, fr. emittere,
emissum, to send out: cf. F. émissaire. See Emit.]

Defn: An agent employed to advance, in a covert manner, the interests
of his employers; one sent out by any power that is at war with
another, to create dissatisfaction among the people of the latter.
Buzzing emissaries fill the ears Of listening crowds with jealousies
and fears. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Emissary, Spy. A spy is one who enters an enemy's camp or
territories to learn the condition of the enemy; an emissary may be a
secret agent appointed not only to detect the schemes of an opposing
party, but to influence their councils. A spy must be concealed, or
he suffers death; an emissary may in some cases be known as the agent
of an adversary without incurring similar hazard.

EMISSARY
Em"is*sa*ry, a.

1. Exploring; spying. B. Jonson.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Applied to the veins which pass out of the cranium through
apertures in its walls.

EMISSARYSHIP
Em"is*sa*ry*ship`, n.

Defn: The office of an emissary.

EMISSION
E*mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. emissio: cf. F. émission. See Emit.]

1. The act of sending or throwing out; the act of sending forth or
putting into circulation; issue; as, the emission of light from the
sun; the emission of heat from a fire; the emission of bank notes.
issue bank notes.

2. That which is sent out, issued, or put in circulation at one time;
issue; as, the emission was mostly blood. Emission theory (Physics),
the theory of Newton, regarding light as consisting of emitted
particles or corpuscles. See Corpuscular theory, under Corpuscular.

EMISSITIOUS
Em`is*si"tious, a. Etym: [L. emissitius, fr. emittere.]

Defn: Looking, or narrowly examining; prying. [Obs.] "Those
emissitious eyes." Bp. Hall.

EMISSIVE
E*mis"sive, a.

Defn: Sending out; emitting; as, emissive powers.

EMISSIVITY
Em`is*siv"i*ty, n.

Defn: Tendency to emission; comparative facility of emission, or rate
at which emission takes place, as of heat from the surface of a
heated body.

EMISSORY
E*mis"so*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Emissary, a., 2.

EMIT
E*mit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Emitting.] Etym:
[L. emittere to send out; e out + mittere to send. See Mission.]

1. To send forth; to throw or give out; to cause to issue; to give
vent to; to eject; to discharge; as, fire emits heat and smoke;
boiling water emits steam; the sun emits light.
Lest, wrathful, the far-shooting god emit His fatal arrows. Prior.

2. To issue forth, as an order or decree; to print and send into
circulation, as notes or bills of credit.
No State shall . . . emit bills of credit. Const. of the U. S.

EMITTENT
E*mit"tent, a. Etym: [L. emittens, p. pr. emittere.]

Defn: Sending forth; emissive. Boyle.

EMMANTLE
Em*man"tle, v. t. Etym: [Pref. em- (L. in) + mantle: cf. F.
emmanteler. Cf. Inmantle.]

Defn: To cover over with, or as with, a mantle; to put about as a
protection. [Obs.] Holland.

EMMANUEL
Em*man"u*el, n.

Defn: See Immanuel. Matt. i. 23.

EMMARBLE
Em*mar"ble, v. t.

Defn: To turn to marble; to harden. [Obs.]
Thou dost emmarble the proud heart. Spenser.

EMMENAGOGUE
Em*men"a*gogue, n. Etym: [Gr. n. pl., menses (emménagogue.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicine that promotes the menstrual discharge.

EMMET
Em"met, n. Etym: [OE. emete, amete, AS. æmete. See Ant.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An ant. Emmet hunter (Zoöl.), the wryneck.

EMMETROPIA
Em`me*tro"pi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: That refractive condition of the eye in which the rays of light
are all brought accurately and without undue effort to a focus upon
the retina; -- opposed to hypermetropia, myopia, an astigmatism.

EMMETROPIC
Em`me*trop"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, emmetropia.
The normal or emmetropic eye adjusts itself perfectly for all
distances. J. Le Conte.

EMMETROPY
Em*met"ro*py, n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Emmetropia.

EMMEW
Em*mew", v. t. Etym: [Pref. em- (L. in) + mew. Cf. Immew.]

Defn: To mew or coop up. [Obs.] Shak.

EMMOVE
Em*move", v. t. Etym: [For emove: cf. F. émouvoir, L. emovere. See
Emotion.]

Defn: To move; to rouse; to excite. [Obs.]

EMODIN
Em"o*din, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An orange-red crystalline substance, C15H10O5, obtained from
the buckthorn, rhubarb, etc., and regarded as a derivative of
anthraquinone; -- so called from a species of rhubarb (Rheum emodei).

EMOLLESCENCE
Em`ol*les"cence, n. Etym: [L. e out + mollescere, incho. fr. mollere
to be soft, mollis soft.]

Defn: That degree of softness in a body beginning to melt which
alters its shape; the first or lowest degree of fusibility.

EMOLLIATE
E*mol"li*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emolliated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Emolliating.] Etym: [See Emollient, a.]

Defn: To soften; to render effeminate.
Emolliated by four centuries of Roman domination, the Belgic colonies
had forgotten their pristine valor. Pinkerton.

EMOLLIENT
E*mol"lient, a. Etym: [L. emolliens, -entis, p. pr. of emollire to
soften; e out + mollire to soften, mollis soft: cf. F. émollient. See
Mollify.]

Defn: Softening; making supple; acting as an emollient. "Emollient
applications." Arbuthnot.

EMOLLIENT
E*mol"lient (; 105), n. (Med.)

Defn: An external something or soothing application to allay
irritation, soreness, etc.

EMOLLITION
Em`ol*li"tion, n.

Defn: The act of softening or relaxing; relaxation. Bacon.

EMOLUMENT
E*mol"u*ment, n. Etym: [L. emolumentum, lit., a working out, fr.
emoliri to move out, work out; e out + moliri to set in motion, exert
one's self, fr. moles a huge, heavy mass: cf. F. émolument. See Mole
a mound.]

Defn: The profit arising from office, employment, or labor; gain;
compensation; advantage; perquisites, fees, or salary.
A long . . . enjoyment of the emoluments of office. Bancroft.

EMOLUMENTAL
E*mol`u*men"tal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an emolument; profitable. [R.] Evelyn.

EMONG; EMONGST
E*mong", E*mongst"

Defn: , (prep. Among. [Obs.]

EMOTION
E*mo"tion, n. Etym: [L. emovere, emotum, to remove, shake, stir up; e
out + movere to move: cf. F. émotion. See Move, and cf. Emmove.]

Defn: A moving of the mind or soul; excitement of the feelings,
whether pleasing or painful; disturbance or agitation of mind caused
by a specific exciting cause and manifested by some sensible effect
on the body.
How different the emotions between departure and return! W. Irving.
Some vague emotion of delight. Tennyson.

Syn.
 -- Feeling; agitation; tremor; trepidation; perturbation; passion;
excitement.
 -- Emotion, Feeling, Agitation. Feeling is the weaker term, and may
be of the body or the mind. Emotion is of the mind alone, being the
excited action of some inward susceptibility or feeling; as, an
emotion of pity, terror, etc. Agitation may the bodily or mental, and
usually arises in the latter case from a vehement struggle between
contending desires or emotions. See Passion. "Agitations have but one
character, viz., that of violence; emotions vary with the objects
that awaken them. There are emotions either of tenderness or anger,
either gentle or strong, either painful or pleasing." Crabb.

EMOTIONAL
E*mo"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, emotion; excitable; easily
moved; sensational; as, an emotional nature.

EMOTIONALISM
E*mo"tion*al*ism, n.

Defn: The cultivation of an emotional state of mind; tendency to
regard things in an emotional manner.

EMOTIONALIZE
E*mo"tion*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To give an emotional character to.
Brought up in a pious family where religion was not talked about
emotionalized, but was accepted as the rule of thought and conduct.
Froude.

EMOTIONED
E*mo"tioned, a.

Defn: Affected with emotion. [R.] "The emotioned soul." Sir W. Scott.

EMOTIVE
E*mo"tive, a.

Defn: Attended by, or having the character of, emotion. H. Brooke.
 -- E*mo"tive*ly, adv.

EMOTIVENESS
E*mo"tive*ness, n.

Defn: Susceptibility to emotion. G. Eliot.

EMOTIVITY
E`mo*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: Emotiveness. Hickok.

EMOVE
E*move", v. t.

Defn: To move. [Obs.] Thomson.

EMPAIR
Em*pair", v. t.

Defn: To impair. [Obs.] Spenser.

EMPAISTIC
Em*pais"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Having to do with inlaid work; -- especially used with
reference to work of the ancient Greeks.

EMPALE
Em*pale", v. t. Etym: [Pref. em- (L. in) + pale: cf. OF. empalir.]

Defn: To make pale. [Obs.]
No bloodless malady empales their face. G. Fletcher.

EMPALE
Em*pale", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Empaled; p. pr. & vb. n. Empaling.]
Etym: [OF. empaler to palisade, pierce, F. empaler to punish by
empalement; pref. em- (L. in) + OF. & F. pal a pale, stake. See Pale
a stake, and cf. Impale.] [Written also impale.]

1. To fence or fortify with stakes; to surround with a line of stakes
for defense; to impale.
All that dwell near enemies empale villages, to save themselves from
surprise. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. To inclose; to surround. See Impale.

3. To put to death by thrusting a sharpened stake through the body.

4. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Impale.

EMPALEMENT
Em*pale"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. empalement, fr. empaler. See Empale.]
[Written also impalement.]

1. A fencing, inclosing, or fortifying with stakes.

2. A putting to death by thrusting a sharpened stake through the
body.

3. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Impalement.

EMPANEL
Em*pan"el, n. Etym: [Pref. em- (L. in) + panel.] (Law)

Defn: A list of jurors; a panel. [Obs.] Cowell.

EMPANEL
Em*pan"el, v. t.

Defn: See Impanel.

EMPANOPLIED
Em*pan"o*plied, a. Etym: [Pref. em- + panoply.]

Defn: Completely armed; panoplied. Tennyson.

EMPARADISE
Em*par"a*dise, v. t.

Defn: Same as Imparadise.

EMPARK
Em*park", v. t. Etym: [Pref. em- + park: cf. OF. emparchier,
emparkier. Cf. Impark.]

Defn: To make a park of; to inclose, as with a fence; to impark.
[Obs.]

EMPARLANCE
Em*par"lance, n.

Defn: Parley; imparlance. [Obs.] Spenser.

EMPASM
Em*pasm", n. Etym: [F. empasme, fr. Gr.

Defn: A perfumed powder sprinkled upon the body to mask the odor of
sweat.

EMPASSION
Em*pas"sion, v. t.

Defn: To move with passion; to affect strongly. See Impassion. [Obs.]
Those sights empassion me full near. Spenser.

EMPASSIONATE
Em*pas"sion*ate, a.

Defn: Strongly affected. [Obs.]
The Briton Prince was sore empassionate. Spenser.

EMPAWN
Em*pawn", v. t. Etym: [Pref. em- + pawn. Cf. Impawn.]

Defn: To put in pawn; to pledge; to impawn.
To sell, empawn, and alienate the estates. Milman.

EMPEACH
Em*peach", v. t.

Defn: To hinder. See Impeach. [Obs.] Spenser.

EMPEARL
Em*pearl", v. t. Etym: [Pref. em- + pearl. Cf. Impearl.]

Defn: To form like pearls; to decorate with, or as with, pearls; to
impearl.

EMPEOPLE
Em*peo"ple, v. t.

Defn: To form into a people or community; to inhabit; to people.
[Obs.]
We now know 't is very well empeopled. Sir T. Browne.

EMPERESS
Em"per*ess, n.

Defn: See Empress. [Obs.]

EMPERICE
Em"per*ice, n.

Defn: An empress. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EMPERIL
Em*per"il, v. t.

Defn: To put in peril. See Imperil. Spenser.

EMPERISHED
Em*per"ished, a.

Defn: Perished; decayed. [Obs.]
I deem thy brain emperished be. Spenser.

EMPEROR
Em"per*or, n. Etym: [OF. empereor, empereour, F. empereur, L.
imperator, fr. imperare to command; in in + parare to prepare, order.
See Parade, and cf. Imperative, Empress.]

Defn: The sovereign or supreme monarch of an empire; -- a title of
dignity superior to that of king; as, the emperor of Germany or of
Austria; the emperor or Czar of Russia. Emperor goose (Zoöl.), a
large and handsome goose (Philacte canagica), found in Alaska.
 -- Emperor moth (Zoöl.), one of several large and beautiful bombycid
moths, with transparent spots on the wings; as the American Cecropia
moth (Platysamia cecropia), and the European species (Saturnia
pavonia).
 -- Emperor paper. See under Paper.
 -- Purple emperor (Zoöl.), a large, strong British butterfly
(Apatura iris).

EMPERORSHIP
Em"per*or*ship, n.

Defn: The rank or office of an emperor.

EMPERY
Em"per*y, n. Etym: [L. imperium, influenced by OF. emperie, empire.
See Empire.]

Defn: Empire; sovereignty; dominion. [Archaic] Shak.
Struggling for my woman's empery. Mrs. Browning.

EMPHASIS
Em"pha*sis, n.; pl. Emphases. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. In, and Phase.]

1. (Rhet.)

Defn: A particular stress of utterance, or force of voice, given in
reading and speaking to one or more words whose signification the
speaker intends to impress specially upon his audience.
The province of emphasis is so much more important than accent, that
the customary seat of the latter is changed, when the claims of
emphasis require it. E. Porter.

2. A peculiar impressiveness of expression or weight of thought;
vivid representation, enforcing assent; as, to dwell on a subject
with great emphasis.
External objects stand before us . . . in all the life and emphasis
of extension, figure, and color. Sir W. Hamilton.

EMPHASIZE
Em"pha*size, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emphasized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Emphasizing.]

Defn: To utter or pronounce with a particular stress of voice; to
make emphatic; as, to emphasize a word or a phrase.

EMPHATIC; EMPHATICAL
Em*phat"ic, Em*phat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. emphatique. See Emphasis.]

1. Uttered with emphasis; made prominent and impressive by a peculiar
stress of voice; laying stress; deserving of stress or emphasis;
forcible; impressive; strong; as, to remonstrate in am emphatic
manner; an emphatic word; an emphatic tone; emphatic reasoning.

2. Striking the sense; attracting special attention; impressive;
forcible. "Emphatical colors." Boyle. "Emphatical evils." Bp.
Reynolds.

Syn.
 -- Forcible; earnest; impressive; energetic; striking; positive;
important; special; significant.

EMPHATICALLY
Em*phat"ic*al*ly, adv.

1. With emphasis; forcibly; in a striking manner or degree;
preëminently.
He was indeed emphatically a popular writer. Macaulay.

2. Not really, but apparently. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EMPHATICALNESS
Em*phat"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being emphatic; emphasis.

EMPHRACTIC
Em*phrac"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Having the quality of closing the pores of the skin.

EMPHRENSY
Em*phren"sy, v. t.

Defn: To madden. [Obs.]

EMPHYSEMA
Em`phy*se"ma, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. emphysème.] (Med.)

Defn: A swelling produced by gas or air diffused in the cellular
tissue. Emphysema of the lungs, Pulmonary emphysema (Med.), a common
disease of the lungs in which the air cells are distended and their
partition walls ruptured by an abnormal pressure of the air contained
in them.

EMPHYSEMATOUS
Em`phy*sem"a*tous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. emphysémateux.] (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, emphysema; swelled;
bloated.

EMPHYTEUSIS
Em`phy*teu"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rom. Law)

Defn: A real right, susceptible of assignment and of descent, charged
on productive real estate, the right being coupled with the enjoyment
of the property on condition of taking care of the estate and paying
taxes, and sometimes a small rent. Heumann.

EMPHYTEUTIC
Em`phy*teu"tic, a. Etym: [L. emphyteuticus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an emphyteusis; as, emphyteutic lands.

EMPHYTEUTICARY
Em`phy*teu"ti*ca*ry, n. Etym: [L. emphyteuticarius, a.]

Defn: One who holds lands by emphyteusis.

EMPIERCE
Em*pierce", v. t. Etym: [Pref. em- + pierce. Cf. Impierce.]

Defn: To pierce; to impierce. [Obs.] Spenser.

EMPIGHT
Em*pight", a. Etym: [Pref. em- + pight pitched, fixed.]

Defn: Fixed; settled; fastened. [Obs.] Spenser.

EMPIRE
Em"pire, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. imperium a command, sovereignty,
dominion, empire, fr. imperare. See Emperor; cf. Imperial.]

1. Supreme power; sovereignty; sway; dominion. "The empire of the
sea." Shak.
Over hell extend His empire, and with iron scepter rule. Milton.

2. The dominion of an emperor; the territory or countries under the
jurisdiction and dominion of an emperor (rarely of a king), usually
of greater extent than a kingdom, always comprising a variety in the
nationality of, or the forms of administration in, constituent and
subordinate portions; as, the Austrian empire.
Empire carries with it the idea of a vast and complicated government.
C. J. Smith.

3. Any dominion; supreme control; governing influence; rule; sway;
as, the empire of mind or of reason. "Under the empire of facts." M.
Arnold.
Another force which, in the Middle Ages, shared with chivalry the
empire over the minds of men. A. W. Ward.
Celestial empire. See under Celestial.
 -- Empire City, a common designation of the city of New York.
 -- Empire State, a common designation of the State of New York.

Syn.
 -- Sway; dominion; rule; control; reign; sovereignty; government;
kingdom; realm; state.

EMPIRE STATE
Empire State.

Defn: New York; -- a nickname alluding to its size and wealth.

EMPIRE STATE OF THE SOUTH
Empire State of the South.

Defn: Georgia; -- a nickname.

EMPIRE STATE OF THE WEST
Empire State of the West.

Defn: Missouri; -- a nickname.

EMPIRIC
Em*pir"ic, n. Etym: [L. empiricus an empiric, Gr. fare: cf. F.
empirique. See In, and Fare.]

1. One who follows an empirical method; one who relies upon practical
experience.

2. One who confines himself to applying the results of mere
experience or his own observation; especially, in medicine, one who
deviates from the rules of science and regular practice; an ignorant
and unlicensed pretender; a quack; a charlatan.
Among the Greek physicians, those who founded their practice on
experience called themselves empirics. Krauth-Fleming.
Swallow down opinions as silly people do empirics' pills. Locke.

EMPIRIC; EMPIRICAL
Em*pir"ic, Em*pir"ic*al, a.

1. Pertaining to, or founded upon, experiment or experience;
depending upon the observation of phenomena; versed in experiments.
In philosophical language, the term empirical means simply what
belongs to or is the product of experience or observation. Sir W.
Hamilton.
The village carpenter . . . lays out his work by empirical rules
learnt in his apprenticeship. H. Spencer.

2. Depending upon experience or observation alone, without due regard
to science and theory; -- said especially of medical practice,
remedies, etc.; wanting in science and deep insight; as, empiric
skill, remedies. Empirical formula. (Chem.) See under Formula.

Syn.
 -- See Transcendental.

EMPIRICALLY
Em*pir"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By experiment or experience; without science; in the manner of
quacks.

EMPIRICISM
Em*pir"i*cism, n.

1. The method or practice of an empiric; pursuit of knowledge by
observation and experiment.

2. Specifically, a practice of medicine founded on mere experience,
without the aid of science or a knowledge of principles; ignorant and
unscientific practice; charlatanry; quackery.

3. (Metaph.)

Defn: The philosophical theory which attributes the origin of all our
knowledge to experience.

EMPIRICIST
Em*pir"i*cist, n.

Defn: An empiric.

EMPIRISTIC
Em`pi*ris"tic, a. (Physics)

Defn: Relating to, or resulting from, experience, or experiment;
following from empirical methods or data; -- opposed to nativistic.

EMPLACE
Em*place", v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Emplaced; p. pr. & vb. n. Emplacing.]
[Cf. F. emplacer. See En-; Place, v. & n.]

Defn: To put into place or position; to fix on an emplacement.

EMPLACEMENT
Em*place"ment, n. [Cf. F. emplacement.]

Defn: A putting in, or assigning to, a definite place; localization;
as, the emplacement of a structure.

EMPLASTER
Em*plas"ter, n. Etym: [OF. emplastre, F. emplâtre, L. emplastrum a
plaster or salve, fr. Gr.

Defn: See Plaster. [Obs.] Wiseman.

EMPLASTER
Em*plas"ter, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. emplastrer, F. emplâtrer. See
Emplaster, n.]

Defn: To plaster over; to cover over so as to present a good
appearance. [Obs.] "Fair as ye his name emplaster." Chaucer.

EMPLASTIC
Em*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. emplastique, fr. Gr. Emplaster.]

Defn: Fit to be applied as a plaster; glutinous; adhesive; as,
emplastic applications.

EMPLASTIC
Em*plas"tic, n.

Defn: A medicine causing constipation.

EMPLASTRATION
Em`plas*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. emplastratio a budding.]

1. The act or process of grafting by inoculation; budding. [Obs.]
Holland.

2. Etym: [See 1st Emplaster.] (Med.)

Defn: The application of a plaster or salve.

EMPLEAD
Em*plead", v. t. Etym: [Pref. em- (L. in) + plead: cf. F. emplaidier.
Cf. Implead.]

Defn: To accuse; to indict. See Implead.

EMPLECTION
Em*plec"tion, n.

Defn: See Emplecton.

EMPLECTON
Em*plec"ton, n. Etym: [F. or L. emplecton, fr. Gr.

Defn: A kind of masonry in which the outer faces of the wall are
ashlar, the space between being filled with broken stone and mortar.
Cross layers of stone are interlaid as binders. [R.] Weale.

EMPLORE
Em*plore", v. t.

Defn: See Implore. [Obs.]

EMPLOY
Em*ploy", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Employed; p. pr. & vb. n. Employing.]
Etym: [F. employer, fr. L. implicare to fold into, infold, involve,
implicate, engage; in + plicare to fold. See Ply, and cf. Imply,
Implicate.]

1. To inclose; to infold. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To use; to have in service; to cause to be engaged in doing
something; -- often followed by in, about, on, or upon, and sometimes
by to; as: (a) To make use of, as an instrument, a means, a material,
etc., for a specific purpose; to apply; as, to employ the pen in
writing, bricks in building, words and phrases in speaking; to employ
the mind; to employ one's energies.
This is a day in which the thoughts . . . ought to be employed on
serious subjects. Addison.

(b) To occupy; as, to employ time in study.
(c) To have or keep at work; to give employment or occupation to; to
intrust with some duty or behest; as, to employ a hundred workmen; to
employ an envoy.
Jonathan . . . and Jahaziah . . . were employed about this matter.
Ezra x. 15.
Thy vineyard must employ the sturdy steer To turn the glebe. Dryden.
To employ one's self, to apply or devote one's time and attention; to
busy one's self.

Syn.
 -- To use; busy; apply; exercise; occupy; engross; engage. See Use.

EMPLOY
Em*ploy", n. Etym: [Cf. F. emploi.]

Defn: That which engages or occupies a person; fixed or regular
service or business; employment.
The whole employ of body and of mind. Pope.
In one's employ, in one's service.

EMPLOYABLE
Em*ploy"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. employable.]

Defn: Capable of being employed; capable of being used; fit or proper
for use. Boyle.

EMPLOYE
Em`ploy`é", n. Etym: [F., p. p. of employer.]

Defn: One employed by another; a clerk or workman in the service of
an employer.

EMPLOYEE
Em`ploy*ee", n. Etym: [The Eng. form of employé.]

Defn: One employed by another.

EMPLOYER
Em*ploy"er, n.

Defn: One who employs another; as, an employer of workmen.

EMPLOYMENT
Em*ploy"ment, n.

1. The act of employing or using; also, the state of being employed.

2. That which engages or occupies; that which consumes time or
attention; office or post of business; service; as, agricultural
employments; mechanical employments; public employments; in the
employment of government.
Cares are employments, and without employ The soul is on a rack.
Young.

Syn.
 -- Work; business; occupation; vocation; calling; office; service;
commission; trade; profession.

EMPLUMED
Em*plumed", a.

Defn: Plumed. [R.]

EMPLUNGE
Em*plunge", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Implunge.]

Defn: To plunge; to implunge. [Obs.] Spenser.

EMPOISON
Em*poi"son, v. t. Etym: [F. empoisonner; pref. em- + F. poison. See
Poison, and cf. Impoison.]

Defn: To poison; to impoison. Shak.

EMPOISON
Em*poi"son, n.

Defn: Poison. [Obs.] Remedy of Love.

EMPOISONER
Em*poi"son*er, n.

Defn: Poisoner. [Obs.] Bacon.

EMPOISONMENT
Em*poi"son*ment, n. Etym: [F. empoisonnement.]

Defn: The act of poisoning. Bacon.

EMPORETIC; EMPORETICAL
Em`po*ret"ic, Em`po*ret"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. emporeticus, Gr.
Emporium.]

Defn: Pertaining to an emporium; relating to merchandise. [Obs.]
Johnson.

EMPORIUM
Em*po"ri*um, n.; pl. Emporiums, L. Emporia. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. In,
and Empiric, Fare.]

1. A place of trade; a market place; a mart; esp., a city or town
with extensive commerce; the commercial center of a country.
That wonderful emporium [Manchester] . . . was then a mean and ill-
built market town. Macaulay.
It is pride . . . which fills our streets, our emporiums, our
theathers. Knox.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The brain. [Obs.]

EMPOVERISH
Em*pov"er*ish, v. t.

Defn: See Impoverish.

EMPOWER
Em*pow"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Empowered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Empowering.]

1. To give authority to; to delegate power to; to commission; to
authorize (having commonly a legal force); as, the Supreme Court is
empowered to try and decide cases, civil or criminal; the attorney is
empowered to sign an acquittance, and discharge the debtor.

2. To give moral or physical power, faculties, or abilities to.
"These eyes . . . empowered to gaze." Keble.

EMPRESS
Em"press, n. Etym: [OE. empress, emperice, OF. empereis, empereris,
fr. L. imperatrix, fem. of imperator. See Emperor.]

1. The consort of an emperor. Shak.

2. A female sovereign.

3. A sovereign mistress. "Empress of my soul." Shak. Empress cloth, a
cloth for ladies' dresses, either wholly of wool, or with cotton warp
and wool weft. It resembles merino, but is not twilled.

EMPRESSEMENT
Em`presse`ment", n.  [F., fr s'empresser to hasten.]

Defn: Demonstrative warmth or cordiality of manner; display of
enthusiasm.

He grasped my hand with a nervous empressement.
Poe.

EMPRINT
Em*print", v. t. [Obs.]

Defn: See Imprint.

EMPRISE
Em*prise", n. Etym: [OF. emprise, fr. emprendre to undertake; pref.
em- (L. in) + F. prendre to take, L. prehendere, prendere; prae
before + a verb akin to E. get. See Get, and cf. Enterprise,
Impresa.] [Archaic]

1. An enterprise; endeavor; adventure. Chaucer.
In brave pursuit of chivalrous emprise. Spenser.
The deeds of love and high emprise. Longfellow.

2. The qualifies which prompt one to undertake difficult and
dangerous exploits.
I love thy courage yet and bolt emprise; But here thy sword can do
thee little stead. Milton.

EMPRISE
Em*prise", v. t.

Defn: To undertake. [Obs.] Sackville.

EMPRISING
Em*pris"ing, a. Etym: [From Emprise, v. t.]

Defn: Full of daring; adventurous. [Archaic] T. Campbell.

EMPRISON
Em*pris"on, v. t. Etym: [Obs.]

Defn: See Imprison.

EMPROSTHOTONOS
Em`pros*thot"o*nos, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A drawing of the body forward, in consequence of the spasmodic
action of some of the muscles. Gross.

EMPTE
Emp"te, v. t.

Defn: To empty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EMPTIER
Emp"ti*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, empties.

EMPTIER
Emp"ti*er, compar.

Defn: of Empty.

EMPTINESS
Emp"ti*ness, n. Etym: [From Empty.]

1. The state of being empty; absence of contents; void space; vacuum;
as, the emptiness of a vessel; emptiness of the stomach.

2. Want of solidity or substance; unsatisfactoriness; inability to
satisfy desire; vacuity; hollowness; the emptiness of earthly glory.

3. Want of knowledge; lack of sense; vacuity of mind.
Eternal smiles his emptiness betray. Pope.
The sins of emptiness, gossip, and spite. Tennyson.

EMPTION
Emp"tion, n. Etym: [L. emptio, fr. emere to buy.]

Defn: The act of buying. [R.] Arbuthnot.

EMPTIONAL
Emp"tion*al, a.

Defn: Capable of being purchased.

EMPTY
Emp"ty, a. [Compar. Emptier; superl. Emptiest.] Etym: [AS. emtig,
æmtig, æmetig, fr. æmta, æmetta, quiet, leisure, rest; of uncertain
origin; cf. G. emsig busy.]

1. Containing nothing; not holding or having anything within; void of
contents or appropriate contents; not filled; -- said of an
inclosure, as a box, room, house, etc.; as, an empty chest, room,
purse, or pitcher; an empty stomach; empty shackles.

2. Free; clear; devoid; -- often with of. "That fair female troop . .
. empty of all good." Milton.
I shall find you empty of that fault. Shak.

3. Having nothing to carry; unburdened. "An empty messenger." Shak.
When ye go ye shall not go empty. Ex. iii. 21.

4. Destitute of effect, sincerity, or sense; -- said of language; as,
empty words, or threats.
Words are but empty thanks. Cibber.

5. Unable to satisfy; unsatisfactory; hollow; vain; -- said of
pleasure, the world, etc.
Pleas'd in the silent shade with empty praise. Pope.

6. Producing nothing; unfruitful; -- said of a plant or tree; as, an
empty vine.
Seven empty ears blasted with the east wind. Gen. xli. 27.

7. Destitute of, or lacking, sense, knowledge, or courtesy; as, empty
brains; an empty coxcomb.
That in civility thou seem'st so empty. Shak.

8. Destitute of reality, or real existence; unsubstantial; as, empty
dreams.

Note: Empty is used as the first element in a compound; as, empty-
handed, having nothing in the hands, destitute; empty-headed, having
few ideas; empty-hearted, destitute of feeling.

Syn.
 -- See Vacant.

EMPTY
Emp"ty, n.; pl. Empties (.

Defn: An empty box, crate, cask, etc.; -- used in commerce, esp. in
transportation of freight; as, "special rates for empties."

EMPTY
Emp"ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emptied; p. pr. & vb. n. Emptying.]

Defn: To deprive of the contents; to exhaust; to make void or
destitute; to make vacant; to pour out; to discharge; as, to empty a
vessel; to empty a well or a cistern.
The clouds . . . empty themselves upon the earth. Eccl. xi. 3.

EMPTY
Emp"ty, v. i.

1. To discharge itself; as, a river empties into the ocean.

2. To become empty. "The chapel empties." B. Jonson.

EMPTYING
Emp"ty*ing, n.

1. The act of making empty. Shak.

2. pl.

Defn: The lees of beer, cider, etc.; yeast. [U.S.]

EMPUGN
Em*pugn", v. t. Etym: [Obs.]

Defn: See Impugn.

EMPURPLE
Em*pur"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Empurpled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Empurpling.] Etym: [Pref. em- + purple. Cf. Impurple.]

Defn: To tinge or dye of a purple color; to color with purple; to
impurple. "The deep empurpled ran." Philips.

EMPUSE
Em*puse", n. Etym: [LL. empusa, Gr.

Defn: A phantom or specter. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

EMPUZZLE
Em*puz"zle, v. t. Etym: [Pref. em- + puzzle.]

Defn: To puzzle. [Archaic] Sir T. Browne.

EMPYEMA
Em`py*e"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A collection of blood, pus, or other fluid, in some cavity of
the body, especially that of the pleura. Dunglison.

Note: The term empyema is now restricted to a collection of pus in
the cavity of the pleura.

EMPYESIS
Em`py*e"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An eruption of pustules.

EMPYREAL
Em*pyr"e*al, a. Etym: [L. empyrius, empyreus, fiery, Gr. In, and
Fire.]

Defn: Formed of pure fire or light; refined beyond aërial substance;
pertaining to the highest and purest region of heaven.
Go, soar with Plato to the empyreal sphere. Pope.
Empyreal air, oxygen gas.

EMPYREAL
Em*pyr"e*al, n.

Defn: Empyrean. Mrs. Browning.

EMPYREAN
Em`py*re"an, n. Etym: [See Empyreal.]

Defn: The highest heaven, where the pure element of fire was supposed
by the ancients to subsist.
The empyrean rung With hallelujahs. Milton.

EMPYREAN
Em`py*re"an, a.

Defn: Empyreal. Akenside.

EMPYREUMA
Em`py*reu"ma, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. empyreume. See Empyreal.]
(Chem.)

Defn: The peculiar smell and taste arising from products of
decomposition of animal or vegetable substances when burnt in close
vessels.

EMPYREUMATIC; EMPYREUMATICAL
Em`py*reu*mat"ic, Em`py*reu*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
empyreumatique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to empyreuma; as, an empyreumatic odor.
Empyreumatic oils, oils obtained by distilling various organic
substances at high temperatures. Brande & C.

EMPYREUMATIZE
Em`py*reu"ma*tize, v. t.

Defn: To render empyreumatic. [R.]

EMPYRICAL
Em*pyr"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Empyreal.]

Defn: Containing the combustible principle of coal. Kirwan.

EMPYROSIS
Em"py*ro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A general fire; a conflagration. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

EMRODS
Em"rods, n. pl.

Defn: See Emerods. [Obs.]

EMU
E"mu, n. Etym: [Cf. Pg. ema ostrich, F. émou, émeu, emu.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large Australian bird, of two species (Dromaius Novæ-
Hollandiæ and D. irroratus), related to the cassowary and the
ostrich. The emu runs swiftly, but is unable to fly. [Written also
emeu and emew.]

Note: The name is sometimes erroneously applied, by the Brazilians,
to the rhea, or South American ostrich. Emu wren. See in the
Vocabulary.

EMULABLE
Em"u*la*ble, a. Etym: [L. aemulari to emulate + -able.]

Defn: Capable of being emulated. [R.]
Some imitable and emulable good. Abp. Leighton.

EMULATE
Em"u*late, a. Etym: [L. aemulatus, p. p. of aemulari, fr. aemulus
emulous; prob. akin to E. imitate.]

Defn: Striving to excel; ambitious; emulous. [Obs.] "A most emulate
pride." Shak.

EMULATE
Em"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emulated; p. pr. & vb. n. Emulating.]

Defn: To strive to equal or to excel in qualities or actions; to
imitate, with a view to equal or to outdo, to vie with; to rival; as,
to emulate the good and the great.
Thine eye would emulate the diamond. Shak.

EMULATION
Em`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. aemulatio: cf. F. émulation.]

1. The endeavor to equal or to excel another in qualities or actions;
an assiduous striving to equal or excel another; rivalry.
A noble emulation heats your breast. Dryden.

2. Jea
Such factious emulations shall arise. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Competition; rivalry; contest; contention; strife.
 -- Emulation, Competition, Rivalry. Competition is the struggle of
two or more persons for the same object. Emulation is an ardent
desire for superiority, arising from competition, but now implying,
of necessity, any improper feeling. Rivalry is a personal contest,
and, almost of course, has a selfish object and gives rise to envy.
"Competition and emulation have honor for their basis; rivalry is but
a desire for selfish gratification. Competition and emulation animate
to effort; rivalry usually produces hatred. Competition and emulation
seek to merit success; rivalry is contented with obtaining it."
Crabb.

EMULATIVE
Em"u*la*tive, a.

Defn: Inclined to emulation; aspiring to competition; rivaling; as,
an emulative person or effort. "Emulative zeal." Hoole.

EMULATIVELY
Em"u*la*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an emulative manner; with emulation.

EMULATOR
Em"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [L. aemulator.]

Defn: One who emulates, or strives to equal or surpass.
As Virgil rivaled Homer, Milton was the emulator of both. Bp.
Warburton.

EMULATORY
Em"u*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to emulation; connected with rivalry. [R.]
"Emulatory officiousness." Bp. Hall.

EMULATRESS
Em"u*la`tress, n.

Defn: A female emulator. [R.]

EMULE
Em"ule, v. t. Etym: [F. émuler. See Emulate.]

Defn: To emulate. [Obs.] "Emuled of many." Spenser.

EMULGE
E*mulge", v. t. Etym: [L. emulgere, emulsum; e out + mulgere to milk;
akin to E. milk. See Milk.]

Defn: To milk out; to drain. [Obs.] Bailey.

EMULGENT
E*mul"gent, a. Etym: [L. emulgens, p. pr. of emulgere to milk out:
cf. F. émulgent. So called because regarded by the ancients as
straining out the serum, as if by milking, and so producing the
urine.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the kidneys; renal; as, emulgent arteries and
veins.
 -- n.

Defn: An emulgent vessel, as a renal artery or vein.

EMULGENT
E*mul"gent, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine that excites the flow of bile. [Obs.] Hoblyn.

EMULOUS
Em"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. aemulus. See Emulate.]

1. Ambitiously desirous to equal or even to excel another; eager to
emulate or vie with another; desirous of like excellence with
another; -- with of; as, emulous of another's example or virtues.

2. Vying with; rivaling; hence, contentious, envious. "Emulous
Carthage." B. Jonson.
Emulous missions 'mongst the gods. Shak.

EMULOUSLY
Em"u*lous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an emulous manner.

EMULOUSNESS
Em"u*lous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being emulous.

EMULSIC
E*mul"sic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or produced from, emulsin; as, emulsic acid.
Hoblyn.

EMULSIFY
E*mul"si*fy, v. t. Etym: [Emulsion + -fy.]

Defn: To convert into an emulsion; to form an emulsion; to reduce
from an oily substance to a milky fluid in which the fat globules are
in a very finely divided state, giving it the semblance of solution;
as, the pancreatic juice emulsifies the oily part of food.

EMULSIN
E*mul"sin, n. Etym: [See Emulsion, Emulge.] (Chem.)
(a) The white milky pulp or extract of bitter almonds. [R.]
(b) An unorganized ferment (contained in this extract and in other
vegetable juices), which effects the decomposition of certain
glucosides.

EMULSION
E*mul"sion, n. Etym: [From L. emulgere, emulsum: cf. F. émulsion. See
Emulge.]

Defn: Any liquid preparation of a color and consistency resembling
milk; as: (a) In pharmacy, an extract of seeds, or a mixture of oil
and water united by a mucilaginous substance. (b) In photography, a
liquid preparation of collodion holding salt of silver, used in the
photographic process.

EMULSIVE
E*mul"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. émulsif.]

1. Softening; milklike.

2. Yielding oil by expression; as, emulsive seeds.

3. Producing or yielding a milklike substance; as, emulsive acids.

EMUNCTORY
E*munc"to*ry, n.; pl. Emunctories. Etym: [L. emunctorium a pair of
snuffers, fr. emungere, emunctum, to blow the nose, hence, to wipe,
cleanse; e out + mungere to blow the nose: cf. F. émonctoire,
formerly spelled also émonctoire.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Any organ or part of the body (as the kidneys, skin, etc.,)
which serves to carry off excrementitious or waste matter.

EMUSCATION
Em`us*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. emuscare to clear from moss; e out +
muscus moss.]

Defn: A freeing from moss. [Obs.]

EMU WREN
E"mu wren`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small wrenlike Australian bird (Stipiturus malachurus),
having the tail feathers long and loosely barbed, like emu feathers.

EMYD
E"myd, n.; pl. E. Emyds, E. Emyd. Etym: [See Emydea.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fresh-water tortoise of the family Emydidæ.

EMYDEA
E*myd"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Emys a genus of tortoises, L. emys
a kind of fresh-water tortoise, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of chelonians which comprises many species of fresh-
water tortoises and terrapins.

EN-
En-.

1. Etym: [F. en-, L. in.]

Defn: A prefix signifying in or into, used in many English words,
chiefly those borrowed from the French. Some English words are
written indifferently with en- or in-. For ease of pronunciation it
is commonly changed to em- before p, b, and m, as in employ, embody,
emmew. It is sometimes used to give a causal force, as in enable,
enfeeble, to cause to be, or to make, able, or feeble; and sometimes
merely gives an intensive force, as in enchasten. See In-.

2. A prefix from Gr. in; as, encephalon, entomology. See In-.

-EN
-en.

1. A suffix from AS. -an, formerly used to form the plural of many
nouns, as in ashen, eyen, oxen, all obs. except oxen. In some cases,
such as children and brethren, it has been added to older plural
forms.

2. A suffix corresponding to AS. -en and -on, formerly used to form
the plural of verbs, as in housen, escapen.

3. A suffix signifying to make, to cause, used to form verbs from
nouns and adjectives; as in strengthen, quicken, frighten. This must
not be confused with -en corresponding in Old English to the AS.
infinitive ending -an.

4. Etym: [AS. -en; akin to Goth. -eins, L. -inus, Gr.

Defn: An adjectival suffix, meaning made of; as in golden, leaden,
wooden.

5. Etym: [AS. -en; akin to Skr. -na.]

Defn: The termination of the past participle of many strong verbs;
as, in broken, gotten, trodden.

EN
En, n. (Print.)

Defn: Half an em, that is, half of the unit of space in measuring
printed matter. See Em.

ENABLE
En*a"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enabled; p. pr. & vb. n. Enabling.]

1. To give strength or ability to; to make firm and strong. [Obs.]
"Who hath enabled me." 1 Tim. i. 12.
Receive the Holy Ghost, said Christ to his apostles, when he enabled
them with priestly power. Jer. Taylor.

2. To make able (to do, or to be, something); to confer sufficient
power upon; to furnish with means, opportunities, and the like; to
render competent for; to empower; to endow.
Temperance gives Nature her full play, and enables her to exert
herself in all her force and vigor. Addison.

ENABLEMENT
En*a"ble*ment, n.

Defn: The act of enabling, or the state of being enabled; ability.
Bacon.

ENACT
En*act", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enacted; p. pr. & vb. n. Enacting.]

1. To decree; to establish by legal and authoritative act; to make
into a law; especially, to perform the legislative act with reference
to (a bill) which gives it the validity of law.

2. To act; to perform; to do; to effect. [Obs.]
The king enacts more wonders than a man. Shak.

3. To act the part of; to represent; to play.
I did enact Julius Caesar. Shak.
Enacting clause, that clause of a bill which formally expresses the
legislative sanction.

ENACT
En*act", n.

Defn: Purpose; determination. [Obs.]

ENACTIVE
En*act"ive, a.

Defn: Having power to enact or establish as a law. Abp. Bramhall.

ENACTMENT
En*act"ment, n.

1. The passing of a bill into a law; the giving of legislative
sanction and executive approval to a bill whereby it is established
as a law.

2. That which is enacted or passed into a law; a law; a decree; a
statute; a prescribed requirement; as, a prohibitory enactment; a
social enactment.

ENACTOR
En*act"or, n.

Defn: One who enacts a law; one who decrees or establishes as a law.
Atterbury.

ENACTURE
En*ac"ture, n.

Defn: Enactment; resolution. [Obs.] Shak.

ENALIOSAUR
En*al"i*o*saur`, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: One of the Enaliosauria.

ENALIOSAURIA
En*al`i*o*sau"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct group of marine reptiles, embracing both the
Ichthyosauria and the Plesiosauria, now regarded as distinct orders.

ENALIOSAURIAN
En*al`i*o*sau"ri*an, a. (Paleon.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Enaliosauria.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Enaliosauria.

ENALLAGE
E*nal"la*ge, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: A substitution, as of one part of speech for another, of one
gender, number, case, person, tense, mode, or voice, of the same
word, for another.

ENAMBUSH
En*am"bush, v. t.

Defn: To ambush. [Obs.]

ENAMEL
En*am"el, n. Etym: [Pref. en- + amel. See Amel, Smelt, v. t.]

1. A variety of glass, used in ornament, to cover a surface, as of
metal or pottery, and admitting of after decoration in color, or used
itself for inlaying or application in varied colors.

2. (Min.)

Defn: A glassy, opaque bead obtained by the blowpipe.

3. That which is enameled; also, any smooth, glossy surface,
resembling enamel, especially if variegated.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: The intensely hard calcified tissue entering into the
composition of teeth. It merely covers the exposed parts of the teeth
of man, but in many animals is intermixed in various ways with the
dentine and cement. Enamel painting, painting with enamel colors upon
a ground of metal, porcelain, or the like, the colors being
afterwards fixed by fire.
 -- Enamel paper, paper glazed a metallic coating.

ENAMEL
En*am"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enameled or Enamelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enameling or Enamelling.]

1. To lay enamel upon; to decorate with enamel whether inlaid or
painted.

2. To variegate with colors as if with enamel.
Oft he [the serpent]bowed His turret crest and sleek enameled neck.
Milton.

3. To form a glossy surface like enamel upon; as, to enamel card
paper; to enamel leather or cloth.

4. To disguise with cosmetics, as a woman's complexion.

ENAMEL
En*am"el, v. i.

Defn: To practice the art of enameling.

ENAMEL
En*am"el, a.

Defn: Relating to the art of enameling; as, enamel painting.
Tomlinson.

ENAMELAR
En*am"el*ar, a.

Defn: Consisting of enamel; resembling enamel; smooth; glossy. [R.]
Craig.

ENAMELED
En*am"eled, a.

Defn: Coated or adorned with enamel; having a glossy or variegated
surface; glazed. [Written also enamelled.]

ENAMELER; ENAMELIST
En*am"el*er, En*am"el*ist, n.

Defn: One who enamels; a workman or artist who applies enamels in
ornamental work. [Written also enameller, enamellist.]

ENAMOR
En*am"or, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enamored; p. pr. & vb. n. Enamoring.]
Etym: [OF. enamourer, enamorer; pref. en- (L. in) + OF. & F. amour
love, L. amor. See Amour, and cf. Inamorato.]

Defn: To inflame with love; to charm; to captivate; -- with of, or
with, before the person or thing; as, to be enamored with a lady; to
be enamored of books or science. [Written also enamour.]
Passionately enamored of this shadow of a dream. W. Irving.

ENAMORMENT
En*am"or*ment, n.

Defn: The state of being enamored. [R.]

ENANTIOMORPHOUS
E*nan`ti*o*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Similar, but not superposable, i. e., related to each other as
a right-handed to a left-handed glove; -- said of certain hemihedral
crystals.

ENANTIOPATHIC
E*nan`ti*o*path"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Serving to palliate; palliative. Dunglison.

ENANTIOPATHY
E*nan`ti*op"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. An opposite passion or affection. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Allopathy; -- a term used by followers of Hahnemann, or
homeopathists.

ENANTIOSIS
E*nan`ti*o"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech by which what is to be understood
affirmatively is stated negatively, and the contrary; affirmation by
contraries.

ENARCH
En**arch", v. t.

Defn: To arch. [Obs.] Lydgate.

ENARCHED
En*arched", a. (Her.)

Defn: Bent into a curve; -- said of a bend or other ordinary.

ENARGITE
En*ar"gite, n. (Min.)

Defn: An iron-black mineral of metallic luster, occurring in small
orthorhombic crystals, also massive. It contains sulphur, arsenic,
copper, and often silver.

ENARMED
En*armed", a. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Armed, 3.

ENARRATION
En`ar*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. enarratio. See Narration.]

Defn: A detailed exposition; relation. [Obs.] Hakewill.

ENARTHRODIA
En`ar*thro"di*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Arthrodia.] (Anat.)

Defn: See Enarthrosis.
 -- En`ar*thro"di*al, a.

ENARTHROSIS
En`ar*thro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A ball and socket joint, or the kind of articulation
represented by such a joint. See Articulation.

ENASCENT
E*nas"cent, a. Etym: [L. enascens, p. pr. of enasci to spring up; e
out + nasci to be born.]

Defn: Coming into being; nascent. [Obs.] Bp. Warburton.

ENATATION
E`na*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. enatare to swim out. See Natation.]

Defn: A swimming out. [Obs.] Bailey.

ENATE
E*nate", a. Etym: [L. enatus, p. p. of enasci. See Enascent.]

Defn: Growing out.

ENATION
E*na"tion, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any unusual outgrowth from the surface of a thing, as of a
petal; also, the capacity or act of producing such an outgrowth.

ENAUNTER
E*naun"ter, adv. Etym: [Pref. en- + aunter.]

Defn: Lest that. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENAVIGATE
E*nav"i*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. enavigatus, p. p. of enavigare.]

Defn: To sail away or over. [Obs.] Cockeram.

ENBATTLED
En*bat"tled, a.

Defn: Embattled. [Obs.]

ENBIBE
En*bibe", v. t.

Defn: To imbibe. [Obs.] Skelton.

EN BLOC
En` bloc". [F. Cf. Block, n. ]

Defn: In a lump; as a whole; all together. "Movement of the ossicles
en bloc."  Nature.

En bloc they are known as "the herd".
W. A. Fraser.

ENBROUDE
En*broud"e, v. t.

Defn: See Embroude.

ENCAENIA
En*cæ"ni*a, n. pl.

Defn: = Encenia.

ENCAGE
En*cage", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Engaging.]
Etym: [Pref. en- + cage: cf. F. encager.]

Defn: To confine in a cage; to coop up. Shak.

ENCALENDAR
En*cal"en*dar, v. t.

Defn: To register in a calendar; to calendar. Drayton.

ENCAMP
En*camp", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Encamped; p. pr. & vb. n. Encamping.]

Defn: To form and occupy a camp; to prepare and settle in temporary
habitations, as tents or huts; to halt on a march, pitch tents, or
form huts, and remain for the night or for a longer time, as an army
or a company traveling.
The host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim. 1
Chron. xi. 15.

ENCAMP
En*camp", v. t.

Defn: To form into a camp; to place in a temporary habitation, or
quarters.
Bid him encamp his soldiers. Shak.

ENCAMPMENT
En*camp"ment, n.

1. The act of pitching tents or forming huts, as by an army or
traveling company, for temporary lodging or rest.

2. The place where an army or a company is encamped; a camp; tents
pitched or huts erected for temporary lodgings.
A square of about seven hundred yards was sufficient for the
encampment of twenty thousand Romans. Gibbon.
A green encampment yonder meets the eye. Guardian.

ENCANKER
En*can"ker, v. t.

Defn: To canker. [Obs.]

ENCAPSULATION
En*cap`su*la"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act of inclosing in a capsule; the growth of a membrane
around (any part) so as to inclose it in a capsule.

ENCARNALIZE
En*car"nal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To carnalize; to make gross. [R.] "Encarnalize their spirits."
Tennyson.

ENCARPUS
En*car"pus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. encarpa, pl., Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornament on a frieze or capital, consisting of festoons of
fruit, flowers, leaves, etc. [Written also encarpa.]

ENCASE
En*case", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Enchase.]

Defn: To inclose as in a case. See Incase. Beau. & Fl.

ENCASEMENT
En*case"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. Casement.]

1. The act of encasing; also, that which encases.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: An old theory of generation similar to emboOvulist.

ENCASH
En*cash", v. t. (Eng. Banking)

Defn: To turn into cash; to cash. Sat. Rev.

ENCASHMENT
En*cash"ment, n. (Eng. Banking)

Defn: The payment in cash of a note, draft, etc.

ENCAUMA
En*cau"ma, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. Encaustic.] (Med.)

Defn: An ulcer in the eye, upon the cornea, which causes the loss of
the humors. Dunglison.

ENCAUSTIC
En*caus"tic, a. Etym: [L. encausticus, Gr. encaustique. See Caustic,
and cf. Ink.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: Prepared by means of heat; burned in. Encaustic painting (Fine
Arts), painting by means of wax with which the colors are combined,
and which is afterwards fused with hot irons, thus fixing the colors.
 -- Encaustic tile (Fine Arts), an earthenware tile which has a
decorative pattern and is not wholly of one color.

ENCAUSTIC
En*caus"tic, n. Etym: [L. encaustica, Gr. encaustique. See Encaustic,
a.]

Defn: The method of painting in heated wax, or in any way where heat
is used to fix the colors.

ENCAVE
En*cave", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + cave: cf. F. encaver. Cf.
Incavated.]

Defn: To hide in, or as in, a cave or recess. "Do but encave
yourself." Shak.

-ENCE
-ence. Etym: [F. -ence, L. -entia.]

Defn: A noun suffix signifying action, state, or quality; also, that
which relates to the action or state; as in emergence, diffidence,
diligence, influence, difference, excellence. See -ance.

ENCEINTE
En`ceinte", n. Etym: [F., fr. enceindre to gird about, surround, L.
incingere; in (intens). + cingere to gird. See Cincture.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: The line of works which forms the main inclosure of a fortress
or place; -- called also body of the place.

2. The area or town inclosed by a line of fortification.
The suburbs are not unfrequently larger than their enceinte. S. W.
Williams.

ENCEINTE
En`ceinte", a. Etym: [F., fr. L. in not + cinctus, p. p. of cingere
to gird about.]

Defn: Pregnant; with child.

ENCENIA
En*ce"ni*a, n. pl. Etym: [LL. encaenia, fr. Gr.

Defn: A festival commemorative of the founding of a city or the
consecration of a church; also, the ceremonies (as at Oxford and
Cambridge, England) commemorative of founders or benefactors.

ENCENSE
En*cense", v. t. & i. Etym: [F. encenser, fr. encens. See Incense,
n.]

Defn: To offer incense to or upon; to burn incense. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ENCEPHALIC
En`ce*phal"ic, a. Etym: [See Encephalon.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the encephalon or brain.

ENCEPHALITIS
En*ceph`a*li"tis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the brain.
 -- En`ceph*a*lit"ic, a.

ENCEPHALOCELE
En*ceph"a*lo*cele, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Hernia of the brain.

ENCEPHALOID
En*ceph"a*loid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resembling the material of the brain; cerebriform. Encephaloid
cancer (Med.), a very malignant form of cancer of brainlike
consistency. See under Cancer.

ENCEPHALOID
En*ceph"a*loid, n.

Defn: An encephaloid cancer.

ENCEPHALOLOGY
En*ceph`a*lol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of the brain, its structure and
functions.

ENCEPHALON
En*ceph"a*lon, n. Etym: [NL. See Encephalos.] (Anat.)

Defn: The contents of the cranium; the brain.

ENCEPHALOPATHY
En*ceph`a*lop"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Any disease or symptoms of disease referable to disorders of
the brain; as, lead encephalopathy, the cerebral symptoms attending
chronic lead poisoning.

ENCEPHALOS
En*ceph"a*los, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The encephalon.
In man the encephalos reaches its full size about seven years of age.
Sir W. Hamilton.

ENCEPHALOTOMY
En*ceph`a*lot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The act or art of dissecting the brain.

ENCEPHALOUS
En*ceph"a*lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a head; -- said of most Mollusca; -- opposed to
acephalous.

ENCHAFE
En*chafe", v. t.

Defn: To chafe; to enrage; to heat. [Obs.] Shak.

ENCHAFING
En*chaf"ing, n.

Defn: Heating; burning. [Obs.]
The wicked enchaufing or ardure of this sin [lust]. Chaucer.

ENCHAIN
En*chain", v. t. Etym: [F. enchaîner; pref. en- (L. in) chaîne chain.
See Chain, and cf. Incatenation.]

1. To bind with a chain; to hold in chains.

2. To hold fast; to confine; as, to enchain attention.

3. To link together; to connect. Howell.

ENCHAINMENT
En*chain"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. enchaînement.]

Defn: The act of enchaining, or state of being enchained.

ENCHAIR
En*chair", v. t.

Defn: To seat in a chair. Tennyson.

ENCHANNEL
En*chan"nel, v. t.

Defn: To make run in a channel. "Its waters were enchanneled." Sir D.
Brewster.

ENCHANT
En*chant", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enchanted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enchanting.] Etym: [F. enchanter, L. incantare to chant or utter a
magic formula over or against one, to bewitch; in in, against +
cantare to sing. See Chant, and cf. Incantation.]

1. To charm by sorcery; to act on by enchantment; to get control of
by magical words and rites.
And now about the caldron sing, Like elves and fairies in a ring,
Enchanting all that you put in. Shak.
He is enchanted, cannot speak. Tennyson.

2. To delight in a high degree; to charm; to enrapture; as, music
enchants the ear.
Arcadia was the charmed circle where all his spirits forever should
be enchanted. Sir P. Sidney.

Syn.
 -- To charm; bewitch; fascinate. Cf. Charm.

ENCHANTED
En*chant"ed, a.

Defn: Under the power of enchantment; possessed or exercised by
enchanters; as, an enchanted castle.

ENCHANTER
En*chant"er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. enchanteur.]

Defn: One who enchants; a sorcerer or magician; also, one who
delights as by an enchantment.
Like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing. Shelley.
Enchanter's nightshade (Bot.), a genus (Circæa) of low inconspicuous,
perennial plants, found in damp, shady places.

ENCHANTING
En*chant"ing, a.

Defn: Having a power of enchantment; charming; fascinating.
 -- En*chant"ing*ly, adv.

ENCHANTMENT
En*chant"ment, n. Etym: [F. enchantement.]

1. The act of enchanting; the production of certain wonderful effects
by the aid of demons, or the agency of supposed spirits; the use of
magic arts, spells, or charms; incantation.
After the last enchantment you did here. Shak.

2. The effect produced by the act; the state of being enchanted; as,
to break an enchantment.

3. That which captivates the heart and senses; an influence or power
which fascinates or highly delights.
Such an enchantment as there is in words. South.

Syn.
 -- Incantation; necromancy; magic; sorcery; witchcraft; spell;
charm; fascination; witchery.

ENCHANTRESS
En*chant"ress, n. Etym: [Cf. F. enchanteresse.]

Defn: A woman versed in magical arts; a sorceress; also, a woman who
fascinates. Shak.

ENCHARGE
En*charge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encharged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Encharging.] Etym: [OF. enchargier, F. encharger; pref. en- (L. in) +
F. charger. See Charge.]

Defn: To charge (with); to impose (a charge) upon.
His countenance would express the spirit and the passion of the part
he was encharged with. Jeffrey.

ENCHARGE
En*charge", n.

Defn: A charge. [Obs.] A. Copley.

ENCHASE
En*chase", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enchased; p. pr. & vb. n. Enchasing.]
Etym: [F. enchâsser; pref. en- (L. in) + châsse box containing
relics, frame, case, the same word as caisse case. See 1st Case, and
cf. Chase, Encase, Incase.]

1. To incase or inclose in a border or rim; to surround with an
ornamental casing, as a gem with gold; to encircle; to inclose; to
adorn.
Enchased with a wanton ivy twine. Spenser.
An precious stones, in studs of gold enchased, The shaggy velvet of
his buskins graced. Mickle.

2. To chase; to ornament by embossing or engraving; as, to enchase a
watch case.
With golden letters . . . well enchased. Spenser.

3. To delineate or describe, as by writing. [Obs.]
All which . . . for to enchase, Him needeth sure a golden pen, I
ween. Spenser.

ENCHASER
En*chas"er, n.

Defn: One who enchases.

ENCHASTEN
En*chas"ten, v. t.

Defn: To chasten. [Obs.]

ENCHESON; ENCHEASON
En*che"son, En*chea"son, n. Etym: [OF. enchaison, fr. L. incidere to
happen; in + cadere to fall.]

Defn: Occasion, cause, or reason. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ENCHEST
En*chest", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Inchest.]

Defn: To inclose in a chest. Vicars.

ENCHIRIDION
En`chi*rid"i*on, n. Etym: [L., from Gr.

Defn: Handbook; a manual of devotions. Evelyn.

ENCHISEL
En*chis"el, v. t.

Defn: To cut with a chisel.

ENCHODUS
En"cho*dus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct Cretaceous fishes; -- so named from their
spear-shaped teeth. They were allied to the pike (Esox).

ENCHONDROMA
En`chon*dro"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A cartilaginous tumor growing from the interior of a bone.
Quain.

ENCHORIAL; ENCHORIC
En*cho"ri*al, En*chor"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Belonging to, or used in, a country; native; domestic; popular;
common; -- said especially of the written characters employed by the
common people of ancient Egypt, in distinction from the
hieroglyphics. See Demotic.

ENCHYLEMMA
En`chy*lem"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The basal substance of the cell nucleus; a hyaline or granular
substance, more or less fluid during life, in which the other parts
of the nucleus are imbedded.

ENCHYMA
En"chy*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The primitive formative juice, from which the tissues,
particularly the cellular tissue, are formed.

ENCINCTURE
En*cinc"ture, n.

Defn: A cincture. [Poetic]
The vast encincture of that gloomy sea. Wordsworth.

ENCINDERED
En*cin"dered, a.

Defn: Burnt to cinders. [R.]

ENCIRCLE
En*cir"cle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encircled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Encircling.] Etym: [Pref. en- + circle: cf. OF. encercler.]

Defn: To form a circle about; to inclose within a circle or ring; to
surround; as, to encircle one in the arms; the army encircled the
city.
Her brows encircled with his serpent rod. Parnell.

Syn.
 -- To encompass; surround; environ; inclose.

ENCIRCLET
En*cir"clet, n. Etym: [Encircle + -let.]

Defn: A small circle; a ring. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

ENCLASP
En*clasp", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + clasp. Cf. Inclasp.]

Defn: To clasp. See Inclasp.

ENCLAVE
En*clave", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. in + clavus a nail.]

Defn: A tract of land or a territory inclosed within another
territory of which it is independent. See Exclave. [Recent]

ENCLAVE
En*clave", v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. enclaver.]

Defn: To inclose within an alien territory. [Recent]

ENCLAVEMENT
En*clave"ment, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The state of being an enclave. [Recent]

ENCLITIC; ENCLITICAL
En*clit"ic, En*clit"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. encliticus, Gr. In, and Lean,
v. i.] (Gram.)

Defn: Affixed; subjoined; -- said of a word or particle which leans
back upon the preceding word so as to become a part of it, and to
lose its own independent accent, generally varying also the accent of
the preceding word.

ENCLITIC
En*clit"ic, n. (Gram.)

Defn: A word which is joined to another so closely as to lose its
proper accent, as the pronoun thee in prithee (pray thee).

ENCLITICALLY
En*clit"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an enclitic manner; by throwing the accent back. Walker.

ENCLITICS
En*clit"ics, n. (Gram.)

Defn: The art of declining and conjugating words.

ENCLOISTER
En*clois"ter, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Incloister.]

Defn: To shut up in a cloister; to cloister.

ENCLOSE
En*close", v. t. Etym: [F. enclos, p. p. of enclore to enclose; pref.
en- (L. in) + clore to close. See Close, and cf. Inclose, Include.]

Defn: To inclose. See Inclose.

ENCLOSURE
En*clo"sure, n.

Defn: Inclosure. See Inclosure.

Note: The words enclose and enclosure are written indiscriminately
enclose or inclose and enclosure or inclosure.

ENCLOTHE
En*clothe", v. t.

Defn: To clothe.

ENCLOUD
En*cloud", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Incloud.]

Defn: To envelop in clouds; to cloud. [R.] Spenser.

ENCOACH
En*coach", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Incoach.]

Defn: To carry in a coach. [R.] Davies (Wit's Pilgr.)

ENCOFFIN
En*cof"fin, v. t.

Defn: To put in a coffin. [R.]

ENCOLDEN
En*cold"en, v. t.

Defn: To render cold. [Obs.]

ENCOLLAR
En*col"lar, v. t.

Defn: To furnish or surround with a collar. [R.]

ENCOLOR
En*col"or, v. t.

Defn: To color. [R.]

ENCOLURE
En`co`lure", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The neck of horse. R. Browning.

ENCOMBER
En*com"ber, v. t.

Defn: See Encumber. [Obs.]

ENCOMBERMENT
En*com"ber*ment, n. Etym: [See Encumberment.]

Defn: Hindrance; molestation.[Obs.] Spenser.

ENCOMIAST
En*co"mi*ast, n. Etym: [Gr. encomiaste. See Encomium.]

Defn: One who praises; a panegyrist. Locke.

ENCOMIASTIC; ENCOMIASTICAL
En*co`mi*as"tic, En*co`mi*as"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Bestowing praise; praising; eulogistic; laudatory; as, an
encomiastic address or discourse.
 -- En*co`mi*as"tic*al*ly, adv.

ENCOMIASTIC
En*co`mi*as"tic, n.

Defn: A panegyric. B. Jonson.

ENCOMION
En*co"mi*on, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Encomium; panegyric. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

ENCOMIUM
En*co"mi*um, n.; pl. Encomiums. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Comedy.]

Defn: Warm or high praise; panegyric; strong commendation.
His encomiums awakened all my ardor. W. Irving.

Syn.
 -- See Eulogy.

ENCOMPASS
En*com"pass, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encompassed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Encompassing.]

Defn: To circumscribe or go round so as to surround closely; to
encircle; to inclose; to environ; as, a ring encompasses the finger;
an army encompasses a city; a voyage encompassing the world. Shak.
A question may be encompassed with difficulty. C. J. Smith.
The love of all thy sons encompass thee. Tennyson.

Syn.
 -- To encircle; inclose; surround; include; environ; invest; hem in;
shut up.

ENCOMPASSMENT
En*com"pass*ment, n.

Defn: The act of surrounding, or the state of being surrounded;
circumvention.
By this encompassment and drift of question. Shak.

ENCORE
En`core", adv. or interj. Etym: [F. The last part of the word is fr.
L. hora hour. See Hour.]

Defn: Once more; again; -- used by the auditors and spectators of
plays, concerts, and other entertainments, to call for a repetition
of a particular part.

ENCORE
En`core", n.

Defn: A call or demand (as, by continued applause) for a repetition;
as, the encores were numerous.

ENCORE
En`core", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encored; p. pr. & vb. n. Encoring.]

Defn: To call for a repetition or reappearance of; as, to encore a
song or a singer.
[Rebecca] insisted upon encoring one of the duets. Thackeray.

ENCORPORING
En*cor"po*ring, n. Etym: [Pref. en- + L. corpus body.]

Defn: Incorporation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ENCOUBERT
En`cou`bert", n. Etym: [F., Pg. encorberto, encuberto, lit.,
covered.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of armadillos of the genera Dasypus and
Euphractus, having five toes both on the fore and hind feet.

ENCOUNTER
En*coun"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encountered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Encountering.] Etym: [OF. encontrer; pref. en- (L. in) + contre
against, L. contra. See Counter, adv.]

Defn: To come against face to face; to meet; to confront, either by
chance, suddenly, or deliberately; especially, to meet in opposition
or with hostile intent; to engage in conflict with; to oppose; to
struggle with; as, to encounter a friend in traveling; two armies
encounter each other; to encounter obstacles or difficulties, to
encounter strong evidence of a truth.
Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoics,
encountered him. Acts xvii. 18.
I am most fortunate thus accidentally to encounter you. Shak.

ENCOUNTER
En*coun"ter, v. i.

Defn: To meet face to face; to have a meeting; to meet, esp. as
enemies; to engage in combat; to fight; as, three armies encountered
at Waterloo.
I will encounter with Andronicus. Shak.
Perception and judgment, employed in the investigation of all truth,
have in the first place to encounter with particulars. Tatham.

ENCOUNTER
En*coun"ter, n. Etym: [OF. encontre, fr. encontrer. See Encounter, v.
t.]

1. A meeting face to face; a running against; a sudden or incidental
meeting; an interview.
To shun the encounter of the vulgar crowd. Pope.

2. A meeting, with hostile purpose; hence, a combat; a battle; as, a
bloody encounter.
As one for . . . fierce encounters fit. Spenser.
To join their dark encounter in mid-air. Milton
.

Syn.
 -- Contest; conflict; fight; combat; assault; rencounter; attack;
engagement; onset. See Contest.

ENCOUNTERER
En*coun"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who encounters; an opponent; an antagonist. Atterbury.

ENCOURAGE
En*cour"age (; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encouraged (; 48); p. pr. &
vb. n. Encouraging.] Etym: [F. encourager; pref. en- (L. in) +
courage courage. See Courage.]

Defn: To give courage to; to inspire with courage, spirit, or hope;
to raise, or to increase, the confidence of; to animate; enhearten;
to incite; to help forward; -- the opposite of discourage.
David encouraged himself in the Lord. 1 Sam. xxx. 6.

Syn.
 -- To embolden; inspirit; animate; enhearten; hearten; incite;
cheer; urge; impel; stimulate; instigate; countenance; comfort;
promote; advance; forward; strengthen.

ENCOURAGEMENT
En*cour"age*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. encouragement.]

1. The act of encouraging; incitement to action or to practice; as,
the encouragement of youth in generosity.
All generous encouragement of arts. Otway.

2. That which serves to incite, support, promote, or advance, as
favor, countenance, reward, etc.; incentive; increase of confidence;
as, the fine arts find little encouragement among a rude people.
To think of his paternal care, Is a most sweet encouragement to
prayer. Byron.

ENCOURAGER
En*cour"a*ger, n.

Defn: One who encourages, incites, or helps forward; a favorer.
The pope is . . . a great encourager of arts. Addison.

ENCOURAGING
En*cour"a*ging, a.

Defn: Furnishing ground to hope; inspiriting; favoring.
 -- En*cour"a*ging*ly, adv.

ENCOWL
En*cowl", v. t.

Defn: To make a monk (or wearer of a cowl) of. [R.] Drayton.

ENCRADLE
En*cra"dle, v. t.

Defn: To lay in a cradle.

ENCRATITE
En"cra*tite, n. Etym: [L. Encratitae, pl., fr. Gr. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect in the 2d century who abstained from marriage,
wine, and animal food; -- called also Continent.

ENCREASE
En*crease", v. t. &

Defn: i. [Obs.] See Increase.

ENCRIMSON
En*crim"son, v. t.

Defn: To give a crimson or red color to; to crimson. Shak.

ENCRINIC; ENCRINAL; ENCRINITAL
En*crin"ic, En*cri"nal, En*crin"i*tal, a. (Paleon.)

Defn: Relating to encrinites; containing encrinites, as certain kinds
of limestone.

ENCRINITE
En"cri*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. encrinite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil crinoid, esp. one belonging to, or resembling, the
genus Encrinus. Sometimes used in a general sense for any crinoid.

ENCRINITIC; ENCRINITICAL
En`cri*nit"ic, En`cri*nit"ic*al, a. (Paleon.)

Defn: Pertaining to encrinites; encrinal.

ENCRINOIDEA
En`cri*noid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Encrinus and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: That order of the Crinoidea which includes most of the living
and many fossil forms, having jointed arms around the margin of the
oral disk; -- also called Brachiata and Articulata. See Illusts.
under Comatula and Crinoidea.

ENCRINUS
En"cri*nus, n.; pl. Encrini. Etym: [NL. See Encrinite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of fossil encrinoidea, from the Mesozoic rocks.

ENCRISPED
En*crisped", a.

Defn: Curled. [Obs.] Skelton.

ENCROACH
En*croach", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Encroached; p. pr. & vb. n.
Encroaching.] Etym: [OF. encrochier to perch, prop., to hook, fasten
a hook (perh. confused with acrochier, F. accrocher, to hook, get
hold of, E. accroach); pref. en- (L. in) + F. croc hook. See Crook,
and cf. Accroach.]

Defn: To enter by gradual steps or by stealth into the possessions or
rights of another; to trespass; to intrude; to trench; -- commonly
with on or upon; as, to encroach on a neighbor; to encroach on the
highway.
No sense, faculty, or member must encroach upon or interfere with the
duty and office of another. South.
Superstition, . . . a creeping and encroaching evil. Hooker.
Exclude the encroaching cattle from thy ground. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To intrude; trench; infringe; invade; trespass.

ENCROACH
En*croach", n.

Defn: Encroachment. [Obs.] South.

ENCROACHER
En*croach"er, n.

Defn: One who by gradual steps enters on, and takes possession of,
what is not his own.

ENCROACHINGLY
En*croach"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of encroachment.

ENCROACHMENT
En*croach"ment, n.

1. The act of entering gradually or silently upon the rights or
possessions of another; unlawful intrusion.
An unconstitutional encroachment of military power on the civil
establishment. Bancroft.

2. That which is taken by encroaching on another.

3. (Law)

Defn: An unlawful diminution of the possessions of another.

ENCRUST
En*crust", v. t.

Defn: To incrust. See Incrust.

ENCRUSTMENT
En*crust"ment, n.

Defn: That which is formed as a crust; incrustment; incrustation.
Disengaging truth from its encrustment of error. I. Taylor.

ENCUMBER
En*cum"ber, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encumbered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Encumbering.] Etym: [F. encombrer; pref. en- (L. in) + OF. combrer to
hinder. See Cumber, and cf. Incumber.] [Written also incumber.]

1. To impede the motion or action of, as with a burden; to retard
with something superfluous; to weigh down; to obstruct or embarrass;
as, his movements were encumbered by his mantle; his mind is
encumbered with useless learning.
Not encumbered with any notable inconvenience. Hooker.

2. To load with debts, or other legal claims; as, to encumber an
estate with mortgages.

Syn.
 -- To load; clog; oppress; overload; embarrass; perplex; hinder;
retard; obstruct; check; block.

ENCUMBERMENT
En*cum"ber*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. encombrement.]

Defn: Encumbrance. [R.]

ENCUMBRANCE
En*cum"brance, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. encombrance. Cf. Incumbrance.]

1. That which encumbers; a burden which impedes action, or renders it
difficult and laborious; a clog; an impediment. See Incumbrance.

2. (Law)

Defn: Same as Incumbrance.

Syn.
 -- Burden; clog; impediment; check; hindrance.

ENCUMBRANCER
En*cum"bran*cer, n. (Law)

Defn: Same as Incumbrancer.

ENCURTAIN
En*cur"tain, v. t.

Defn: To inclose with curtains.

-ENCY
-en*cy. Etym: [L. -entia.]

Defn: A noun suffix having much the same meaning as -ence, but more
commonly signifying the quality or state; as, emergency, efficiency.
See -ancy.

ENCYCLIC; ENCYCLICAL
En*cyc"lic, En*cyc"li*cal, a. Etym: [L. encyclios of a circle,
general, Gr. encyclique. See Cycle.]

Defn: Sent to many persons or places; intended for many, or for a
whole order of men; general; circular; as, an encyclical letter of a
council, of a bishop, or the pope.

ENCYCLIC; ENCYCLICAL
En*cyc"lic, En*cyc"li*cal, n.

Defn: An encyclical letter, esp. one from a pope. Shipley.

ENCYCLOPEDIA; ENCYCLOPAEDIA
En*cy`clo*pe"di*a, En*cy`clo*pæ"di*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
encyclopédie. See Cyclopedia, and Encyclical.] [Formerly written
encyclopædy and encyclopedy.]

Defn: The circle of arts and sciences; a comprehensive summary of
knowledge, or of a branch of knowledge; esp., a work in which the
various branches of science or art are discussed separately, and
usually in alphabetical order; a cyclopedia.

ENCYCLOPEDIACAL
En*cy`clo*pe*di"a*cal, a.

Defn: Encyclopedic.

ENCYCLOPEDIAN
En*cy`clo*pe"di*an, a.

Defn: Embracing the whole circle of learning, or a wide range of
subjects.

ENCYCLOPEDIC; ENCYCLOPEDICAL
En*cy`clo*ped"ic, En*cy`clo*ped"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
encyclopédique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, an encyclopedia; embracing
a wide range of subjects.

ENCYCLOPEDISM
En*cy`clo*pe"dism, n.

Defn: The art of writing or compiling encyclopedias; also, possession
of the whole range of knowledge; encyclopedic learning.

ENCYCLOPEDIST
En*cy`clo*pe"dist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. encyclopédiste.]

Defn: The compiler of an encyclopedia, or one who assists in such
compilation; also, one whose knowledge embraces the whole range of
the sciences. The Encyclopedists, the writers of the great French
encyclopedia which appeared in 1751-1772. The editors were Diderot
and D'Alembert. Among the contributors were Voltaire and Rousseau.

ENCYST
En*cyst", v. t.

Defn: To inclose in a cyst.

ENCYSTATION
En`cys*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Encystment.

ENCYSTED
En*cyst"ed, a.

Defn: Inclosed in a cyst, or a sac, bladder, or vesicle; as, an
encysted tumor.
The encysted venom, or poison bag, beneath the adder's fang.
Coleridge.

ENCYSTMENT
En*cyst"ment, n.

1. (Biol.)

Defn: A process which, among some of the lower forms of life,
precedes reproduction by budding, fission, spore formation, etc.

Note: The animal (a) first contracts its body to a globular mass (b)
and then secretes a transparent cyst (c), after which the mass
divides into two or more parts (as in d e), each of which attains
freedom by the bursting of the cyst, and becomes an individual
animal.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A process by which many internal parasites, esp. in their
larval states, become inclosed within a cyst in the muscles, liver,
etc. See Trichina.

END
End, n. Etym: [OE. & AS. ende; akin to OS. endi, D. einde, eind, OHG.
enti, G. ende, Icel. endir, endi, Sw. ände, Dan. ende, Goth. andeis,
Skr. anta. Ante-, Anti-, Answer.]

1. The extreme or last point or part of any material thing considered
lengthwise (the extremity of breadth being side); hence, extremity,
in general; the concluding part; termination; close; limit; as, the
end of a field, line, pole, road; the end of a year, of a discourse;
put an end to pain; -- opposed to Ant: beginning, when used of
anything having a first part.
Better is the end of a thing than the beginning thereof. Eccl. vii.
8.

2. Point beyond which no procession can be made; conclusion; issue;
result, whether successful or otherwise; conclusive event;
consequence.
My guilt be on my head, and there an end. Shak.
O that a man might know The end of this day's business ere it come!
Shak.

3. Termination of being; death; destruction; extermination; also,
cause of death or destruction.
Unblamed through life, lamented in thy end. Pope.
Confound your hidden falsehood, and award Either of you to be the
other's end. Shak.
I shall see an end of him. Shak.

4. The object aimed at in any effort considered as the close and
effect of exertion; ppurpose; intention; aim; as, to labor for
private or public ends.
Losing her, the end of living lose. Dryden.
When every man is his own end, all things will come to a bad end.
Coleridge.

5. That which is left; a remnant; a fragment; a scrap; as, odds and
ends.
I clothe my naked villainy With old odd ends stolen out of holy writ,
And seem a saint, when most I play the devil. Shak.

6. (Carpet Manuf.)

Defn: One of the yarns of the worsted warp in a Brussels carpet.

An end. (a) On end; upright; erect; endways. Spenser (b) To the end;
continuously. [Obs.] Richardson.
 -- End bulb (Anat.), one of the bulblike bodies in which some
sensory nerve fibers end in certain parts of the skin and mucous
membranes; -- also called end corpuscles.
 -- End fly, a bobfly.
 -- End for end, one end for the other; in reversed order.
 -- End man, the last man in a row; one of the two men at the
extremities of a line of minstrels.
 -- End on (Naut.), bow foremost.
 -- End organ (Anat.), the structure in which a nerve fiber ends,
either peripherally or centrally.
 -- End plate (Anat.), one of the flat expansions in which motor
nerve fibers terminate on muscular fibers.
 -- End play (Mach.), movement endwise, or room for such movement.
 -- End stone (Horol.), one of the two plates of a jewel in a
timepiece; the part that limits the pivot's end play.
 -- Ends of the earth, the remotest regions of the earth.
 -- In the end, finally. Shak.
 -- On end, upright; erect.
 -- To the end, in order. Bacon.
 -- To make both ends meet, to live within one's income. Fuller.
 -- To put an end to, to destroy.

END
End, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ended; p. pr. & vb. n. Ending.]

1. To bring to an end or conclusion; to finish; to close; to
terminate; as, to end a speech. "I shall end this strife." Shak.
On the seventh day God ended his work. Gen. ii. 2.

2. To form or be at the end of; as, the letter k ends the word back.

3. To destroy; to put to death. "This sword hath ended him." Shak. To
end up, to lift or tilt, so as to set on end; as, to end up a
hogshead.

END
End, v. i.

Defn: To come to the ultimate point; to be finished; to come to a
close; to cease; to terminate; as, a voyage ends; life ends; winter
ends.

ENDABLE
End"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be ended; terminable.

ENDALL; END-ALL
End"*all`, n.

Defn: Complete termination. [R.]
That but this blow Might be the be-all and the end-all here. Shak.

ENDAMAGE
En*dam"age (; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endamaged (; 48); p. pr. & vb.
n. Endamaging.] Etym: [Pref. en- + damage: cf. F. endommager.]

Defn: To bring loss or damage to; to harm; to injure. [R.]
The trial hath endamaged thee no way. Milton.

ENDAMAGEABLE
En*dam"age*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being damaged, or injured; damageable. [Obs.]

ENDAMAGEMENT
En*dam"age*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. endommagement.]

Defn: Damage; injury; harm. [Obs.] Shak.

ENDAMNIFY
En*dam"ni*fy, v. t.

Defn: To damnify; to injure. [R.] Sandys.

ENDANGER
En*dan"ger, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endangered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Endangering.]

1. To put to hazard; to bring into danger or peril; to expose to loss
or injury; as, to endanger life or peace.
All the other difficulties of his reign only exercised without
endangering him. Burke.

2. To incur the hazard of; to risk. [Obs.]
He that turneth the humors back . . . endangereth malign ulcers.
Bacon.

ENDANGERMENT
En*dan"ger*ment, n.

Defn: Hazard; peril. Milton.

ENDARK
En*dark", v. t.

Defn: To darken. [Obs.] Feltham.

ENDASPIDEAN
En`das*pid"e*an, a. Etym: [Endo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the anterior scutes extending around the tarsus on the
inner side; -- said of certain birds.

ENDAZZLE
En*daz"zle, v. t.

Defn: To dazzle. [Obs.] "Endazzled eyes." Milton.

ENDEAR
En*dear", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endeared; p. pr. & vb. n. Endearing.]

1. To make dear or beloved. "To be endeared to a king." Shak.

2. To raise the price or cost of; to make costly or expensive. [R.]
King James I. (1618).

ENDEAREDLY
En*dear"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: With affection or endearment; dearly.

ENDEAREDNESS
En*dear"ed*ness, n.

Defn: State of being endeared.

ENDEARING
En*dear"ing, a.

Defn: Making dear or beloved; causing love.
 -- En*dear"ing*ly, adv.

ENDEARMENT
En*dear"ment, n.

Defn: The act of endearing or the state of being endeared; also, that
which manifests, excites, or increases, affection. "The great
endearments of prudent and temperate speech." Jer. Taylor.
Her first endearments twining round the soul. Thomson.

ENDEAVOR
En*deav"or, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endeavored; p. pr. & vb. n.
Endeavoring.] Etym: [OE. endevor; pref. en- + dever, devoir, duty, F.
devoir: cf. F. se mettre en devoir de faire quelque chose to try to
do a thing, to go about it. See Devoir, Debt.] [Written also
endeavour.]

Defn: To exert physical or intellectual strength for the attainment
of; to use efforts to effect; to strive to achieve or reach; to try;
to attempt.
It is our duty to endeavor the recovery of these beneficial subjects.
Ld. Chatham.
To endeavor one's self, to exert one's self strenuously to the
fulfillment of a duty. [Obs.] "A just man that endeavoreth himself to
leave all wickedness." Latimer.

ENDEAVOR
En*deav"or, v. i.

Defn: To exert one's self; to work for a certain end.
And such were praised who but endeavored well. Pope.

Note: Usually with an infinitive; as, to endeavor to outstrip an
antagonist.
He had . . . endeavored earnestly to do his duty. Prescott.

Syn.
 -- To attempt; try; strive; struggle; essay; aim; seek.

ENDEAVOR
En*deav"or, n. Etym: [Written also endeavour.]

Defn: An exertion of physical or intellectual strength toward the
attainment of an object; a systematic or continuous attempt; an
effort; a trial.
To employ all my endeavor to obey you. Sir P. Sidney.
To do one's endeavor, to do one's duty; to put forth strenuous
efforts to attain an object; -- a phrase derived from the Middle
English phrase "to do one's dever" (duty). "Mr. Prynne proceeded to
show he had done endeavor to prepare his answer." Fuller.

Syn.
 -- Essay; trial; effort; exertion. See Attempt.

ENDEAVORER
En*deav"or*er, n.

Defn: One who makes an effort or attempt. [Written also endeavourer.]

ENDEAVORMENT
En*deav"or*ment, n.

Defn: Act of endeavoring; endeavor. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENDECAGON
En*dec"a*gon, n. Etym: [See Hendecagon.] (Geom.)

Defn: A plane figure of eleven sides and angles.

ENDECAGYNOUS
En`de*cag"y*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having eleven pistils; as, an endecagynous flower.

ENDECANE
En"de*cane, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: One of the higher hydrocarbons of the paraffin series, C11H24,
found as a constituent of petroleum. [Written also hendecane.]

ENDECAPHYLLOUS
En`de*caph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Composed of eleven leaflets; -- said of a leaf.

ENDEICTIC
En*deic"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Serving to show or exhibit; as, an endeictic dialogue, in the
Platonic philosophy, is one which exhibits a specimen of skill.
Enfield.

ENDEIXIS
En*deix"is, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Endeictic.] (Med.)

Defn: An indication.

ENDEMIAL
En*de"mi*al, a.

Defn: Endemic. [R.]

ENDEMIC; ENDEMICAL
En*de"mic, En*de"mic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. endémique.] (Med.)

Defn: Peculiar to a district or particular locality, or class of
persons; as, an endemic disease.

Note: An endemic disease is one which is constantly present to a
greater or less degree in any place, as distinguished from an
epidemic disease, which prevails widely at some one time, or
periodically, and from a sporadic disease, of which a few instances
occur now and then.

ENDEMIC
En*dem"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: An endemic disease.
Fear, which is an endemic latent in every human heart, sometimes
rises into an epidemic. J. B. Heard.

ENDEMICALLY
En*dem"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an endemic manner.

ENDEMIOLOGY
En*dem`i*ol"o*gy, n.

Defn: The science which treats of endemic affections.

ENDENIZATION
En*den`i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of naturalizing. [R.]

ENDENIZE
En*den"ize, v. t.

Defn: To endenizen. [Obs.]

ENDENIZEN
En*den"i*zen, v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + denizen. Cf. Indenizen.]

Defn: To admit to the privileges of a denizen; to naturalize. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.

ENDER
End"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, makes an end of something; as, the
ender of my life.

ENDERMATIC
En`der*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Endermic.

ENDERMIC
En*der"mic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Acting through the skin, or by direct application to the skin.
Endermic method, that in which the medicine enters the system through
the skin, being applied either to the sound skin, or to the surface
denuded of the cuticle by a blister.

ENDERMICALLY
En*der"mic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By the endermic method; as, applied endermically.

ENDERON
En"de*ron, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The deep sensitive and vascular layer of the skin and mucous
membranes.
 -- En`de*ron"ic, a.

ENDIADEMED
En*di"a*demed, a.

Defn: Diademed. [R.]

ENDIAPER
En*di"a*per, v. t. Etym: [See Diaper.]

Defn: To decorate with a diaper pattern.

ENDICT
En*dict", v. t.

Defn: See Indict.

ENDICTMENT
En*dict"ment, n.

Defn: See Indictment.

ENDING
End"ing, n.

1. Termination; concluding part; result; conclusion; destruction;
death.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: The final syllable or letter of a word; the part joined to the
stem. See 3d Case, 5. Ending day, day of death. Chaucer.

ENDITE
En*dite, v. t.

Defn: See Indite. Spenser.

ENDIVE
En"dive, n. Etym: [F. endive (cf. Pr., Sp. Pg., & It. endivia), fr. a
deriv. of L. intibus, intybus, endive.] (Bot.)

Defn: A composite herb (Cichorium Endivia). Its finely divided and
much curled leaves, when blanched, are used for salad. Wild endive
(Bot.), chicory or succory.

ENDLESS
End"less, a. Etym: [AS. endeleás. See End.]

1. Without end; having no end or conclusion; perpetual; interminable;
-- applied to length, and to duration; as, an endless line; endless
time; endless bliss; endless praise; endless clamor.

2. Infinite; excessive; unlimited. Shak.

3. Without profitable end; fruitless; unsatisfying. [R.] "All loves
are endless." Beau. & Fl.

4. Void of design; objectless; as, an endless pursuit. Endless chain,
a chain which is made continuous by uniting its two ends.
 -- Endless screw. (Mech.) See under Screw.

Syn.
 -- Eternal; everlasting; interminable; infinite; unlimited;
incessant; perpetual; uninterrupted; continual; unceasing; unending;
boundless; undying; imperishable.

ENDLESSLY
End"less*ly, adv.

Defn: In an endless manner.

ENDLESSNESS
End"less*ness, n. Etym: [AS. endeleásnys.]

Defn: The quality of being endless; perpetuity.

ENDLONG
End"long`, adv. & prep. Etym: [Cf. Along.]

Defn: Lengthwise; along. [Archaic]
The doors were all of adamants eterne, I-clenched overthwart and
endelong With iron tough. Chaucer.
He pricketh endelong the large space. Chaucer.
To thrust the raft endlong across the moat. Sir W. Scott.

ENDMOST
End"most`, a.

Defn: Farthest; remotest; at the very end. Tylor.

ENDO-; END-
En"do-, End-. Etym: [Gr. In.]

Defn: A combining form signifying within; as, endocarp, endogen,
endocuneiform, endaspidean.

ENDOBLAST
En"do*blast, n. Etym: [Endo- + -blast.] (Biol.)

Defn: Entoblast; endoplast. See Nucleus,

ENDOBLASTIC
En`do*blas"tic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to the endoblast; as, the endoblastic layer.

ENDOCARDIAC; ENDOCARDIAL
En`do*car"di*ac, En`do*car"di*al, a.

1. Pertaining to the endocardium.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Seated or generated within the heart; as, endocardial murmurs.

ENDOCARDITIS
En`do*car*di"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the endocardium.

ENDOCARDIUM
En`do*car"di*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The membrane lining the cavities of the heart.

ENDOCARP
En"do*carp, n. Etym: [Endo- + Gr. endocarpe.] (Bot.)

Defn: The inner layer of a ripened or fructified ovary.

ENDOCHONDRAL
En`do*chon"dral, a. Etym: [Endo- + Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Growing or developing within cartilage; -- applied esp. to
developing bone.

ENDOCHROME
En"do*chrome, n. Etym: [Endo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The coloring matter within the cells of plants, whether green,
red, yellow, or any other color.

ENDOCTRINE
En*doc"trine, v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + doctrine.]

Defn: To teach; to indoctrinate. [Obs.] Donne.

ENDOCYST
En"do*cyst, n. Etym: [Endo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The inner layer of the cells of Bryozoa.

ENDODERM
En"do*derm, n. Etym: [Endo- + Gr. (Biol.)
(a) The inner layer of the skin or integument of an animal.
(b) The innermost layer of the blastoderm and the structures derived
from it; the hypoblast; the entoblast. See Illust. of Ectoderm.

ENDODERMAL; ENDODERMIC
En`do*der"mal, En`do*der"mic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the endoderm.

ENDODERMIS
En`do*der"mis, n. Etym: [NL. See Endoderm.] (Bot.)

Defn: A layer of cells forming a kind of cuticle inside of the proper
cortical layer, or surrounding an individual fibrovascular bundle.

ENDOGAMOUS
En*dog"a*mous, a. Etym: [Endo- + Gr.

Defn: Marrying within the same tribe; -- opposed to exogamous.

ENDOGAMY
En*dog"a*my, n.

Defn: Marriage only within the tribe; a custom restricting a man in
his choice of a wife to the tribe to which he belongs; -- opposed to
exogamy.

ENDOGEN
En"do*gen, n. Etym: [Endo- + -gen: cf. F. endogène.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant which increases in size by internal growth and
elongation at the summit, having the wood in the form of bundles or
threads, irregularly distributed throughout the whole diameter, not
forming annual layers, and with no distinct pith. The leaves of the
endogens have, usually, parallel veins, their flowers are mostly in
three, or some multiple of three, parts, and their embryos have but a
single cotyledon, with the first leaves alternate. The endogens
constitute one of the great primary classes of plants, and included
all palms, true lilies, grasses, rushes, orchids, the banana,
pineapple, etc. See Exogen.

ENDOGENESIS
En`do*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Endo- + genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: Endogeny.

ENDOGENETIC
En`do*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Endogenous.

ENDOGENOUS
En*dog"e*nous, a.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Increasing by internal growth and elongation at the summit,
instead of externally, and having no distinction of pith, wood, and
bark, as the rattan, the palm, the cornstalk.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Originating from within; increasing by internal growth.
Endogenous multiplication (Biol.), a method of cell formation, seen
in cells having a cell wall. The nucleus and protoplasm divide into
two distinct masses; these in turn become divided and subdivided,
each division becoming a new cell, until finally the original cell
wall is ruptured and the new cells are liberated (see Segmentation,
and Illust. of Cell Division, under Division). This mode of growth is
characteristic of many forms of cells, both animal and vegetable.

ENDOGENOUSLY
En*dog"e*nous*ly, adv.

Defn: By endogenous growth.

ENDOGENY
En*dog"e*ny, n. Etym: [See Endogenesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: Growth from within; multiplication of cells by endogenous
division, as in the development of one or more cells in the interior
of a parent cell.

ENDOGNATH
En"dog*nath, n. Etym: [Endo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The inner or principal branch of the oral appendages of
Crustacea. See Maxilla.

ENDOGNATHAL
En*dog"na*thal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the endognath.

ENDOLYMPH
En"do*lymph, n. Etym: [Endo- + lymph: cf. F. endolymphe.] (Anat.)

Defn: The watery fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the
internal ear.

ENDOLYMPHANGIAL
En"do*lym*phan"gi*al, a. Etym: [Endo- + lymphangial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Within a lymphatic vessel.

ENDOLYMPHATIC
En"do*lym*phat"ic, a. Etym: [Endo- + lymphatic.] (Anat.)
(a) Pertaining to, or containing, endolymph; as, the endolymphatic
duct.
(b) Within a lymphatic vessel; endolymphangial.

ENDOME
En*dome", v. t.

Defn: To cover as with a dome.

ENDOMETRITIS
En`do*me*tri"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Endometrium, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the endometrium.

ENDOMETRIUM
En`do*me"tri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The membrane lining the inner surface of the uterus, or womb.

ENDOMORPH
En"do*morph, n. Etym: [Endo- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A crystal of one species inclosed within one of another, as one
of rutile inclosed in quartz.

ENDOMYSIUM
En`do*my"si*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The delicate bands of connective tissue interspersed among
muscular fibers.

ENDONEURIUM
En`do*neu"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The delicate bands of connective tissue among nerve fibers.

ENDOPARASITE
En`do*par"a*site, n. Etym: [Endo- + parasite.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any parasite which lives in the internal organs of an animal,
as the tapeworms, Trichina, etc.; -- opposed to ectoparasite. See
Entozoön.
 -- En`do*par`a*sit"ic, a.

ENDOPHLOEUM
En`do*phloe"um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The inner layer of the bark of trees.

ENDOPHRAGMA
En`do*phrag"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A chitinous structure above the nervous cord in the thorax of
certain Crustacea.

ENDOPHRAGMAL
En`do*phrag"mal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the endophragma.

ENDOPHYLLOUS
En*doph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Endo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Wrapped up within a leaf or sheath.

ENDOPLASM
En"do*plasm, n. Etym: [Endo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The protoplasm in the interior of a cell.

ENDOPLASMA
En`do*plas"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Endoplasm.] (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Entoplasm and Endosarc.

ENDOPLAST
En"do*plast, n. Etym: [Endo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: See Nucleus.

ENDOPLASTICA
En`do*plas"ti*ca, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Rhizopoda having a distinct nucleus, as the am

ENDOPLASTULE
En`do*plas"tule, n. Etym: [A dim. fr. endo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: See Nucleolus.

ENDOPLEURA
En`do*pleu"ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Pleura.] (Bot.)

Defn: The inner coating of a seed. See Tegmen.

ENDOPLEURITE
En`do*pleu"rite, n. Etym: [Endo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The portion of each apodeme developed from the interepimeral
membrane in certain crustaceans.

ENDOPODITE
En*dop"o*dite, n. Etym: [Endo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The internal or principal branch of the locomotive appendages
of Crustacea. See Maxilliped.

ENDORHIZA
En`do*rhi"za, n.; pl. Endorhizæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any monocotyledonous plant; -- so named because many
monocotyledons have an endorhizal embryo.

Note: Endorhiza was proposed by Richard as a substitute for the term
endogen, and exorhiza as a substitute for the term exogen; but they
have not been generally adopted.

ENDORHIZAL; ENDORHIZOUS
En`do*rhi"zal, En`do*rhi"zous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the radicle of the embryo sheathed by the cotyledon,
through which the embryo bursts in germination, as in many
monocotyledonous plants.

ENDORSE
En*dorse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endorsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Endorsing.]
Etym: [Formerly endosse, fr. F. endosser to put on the back, to
endorse; pref. en- (L. in) + dos back, L. dorsum. See Dorsal, and cf.
Indorse.]

Defn: Same as Indorse.

Note: Both endorse and indorse are used by good writers; but the
tendency is to the more general use of indorse and its derivatives
indorsee, indorser, and indorsement.

ENDORSE
En*dorse", n. (Her.)

Defn: A subordinary, resembling the pale, but of one fourth its width
(according to some writers, one eighth).

ENDORSEE
En`dor*see", n.

Defn: Same as Indorsee.

ENDORSEMENT
En*dorse"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. endossement.]

Defn: Same as Indorsement.

ENDORSER
En*dors"er, n.

Defn: Same as Indorser.

ENDOSARC
En"do*sarc, n. Etym: [Endo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The semifluid, granular interior of certain unicellular
organisms, as the inner layer of sarcode in the amoeba; entoplasm;
endoplasta.

ENDOSCOPE
En"do*scope, n. Etym: [Endo- + -scope.] (Med.)

Defn: An instrument for examining the interior of the rectum, the
urethra, and the bladder.

ENDOSCOPY
En*dos"co*py, n. (Med.)

Defn: The art or process of examining by means of the endoscope.

ENDOSKELETAL
En`do*skel"e*tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or connected with, the endoskeleton; as,
endoskeletal muscles.

ENDOSKELETON
En`do*skel"e*ton, n. Etym: [Endo- + skeleton.] (Anat.)

Defn: The bony, cartilaginous, or other internal framework of an
animal, as distinguished from the exoskeleton.

ENDOSMOMETER
En`dos*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Endosmose + -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the force or amount of endosmotic
action.

ENDOSMOMETRIC
En*dos`mo*met"ric, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or designed for, the measurement of endosmotic
action.

ENDOSMOSE; ENDOSMOSIS
En"dos*mose`, En`dos*mo"sis, n. Etym: [NL. endosmosis, fr. Gr.
endosmose.] (Physics)

Defn: The transmission of a fluid or gas from without inward in the
phenomena, or by the process, of osmose.

ENDOSMOSMIC
En`dos*mos"mic, a.

Defn: Endosmotic.

ENDOSMOTIC
En`dos*mot"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to endosmose; of the nature endosmose; osmotic.
Carpenter.

ENDOSPERM
En"do*sperm, n. Etym: [Endo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The albumen of a seed; -- limited by recent writers to that
formed within the embryo sac.

ENDOSPERMIC
En`do*sper"mic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Relating to, accompanied by, or containing, endosperm.

ENDOSPORE
En"do*spore, n. Etym: [Endo- + spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: The thin inner coat of certain spores.

ENDOSPOROUS
En`do*spor"ous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the spores contained in a case; -- applied to fungi.

ENDOSS
En*doss", v. t. Etym: [F. endosser. See Endorse.]

Defn: To put upon the back or outside of anything; -- the older
spelling of endorse. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENDOSTEAL
En*dos"te*al, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Relating to endostosis; as, endosteal ossification.

ENDOSTERNITE
En`do*ster"nite, n. Etym: [Endo- + sternum.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The part of each apodeme derived from the intersternal membrane
in Crustacea and insects.

ENDOSTEUM
En*dos"te*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The layer of vascular connective tissue lining the medullary
cavities of bone.

ENDOSTOMA
En*dos"to*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A plate which supports the labrum in certain Crustacea.

ENDOSTOME
En"do*stome, n. Etym: [See Endostoma.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The foramen or passage through the inner integument of an
ovule.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: And endostoma.

ENDOSTOSIS
En`dos*to"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Endo-, and Ostosis.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A process of bone formation in which ossification takes place
within the substance of the cartilage.

ENDOSTYLE
En"do*style, n. Etym: [Endo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fold of the endoderm, which projects into the blood cavity of
ascidians. See Tunicata.

ENDOTHECA
En`do*the"ca, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tissue which partially fills the interior of the
interseptal chambers of most madreporarian corals. It usually
consists of a series of oblique tranverse septa, one above another.
 -- En`do*the"cal, a.

ENDOTHECIUM
En`do*the"ci*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Endotheca.] (Bot.)

Defn: The inner lining of an another cell.

ENDOTHELIAL
En`do*the"li*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of, or relating to, endothelium.

ENDOTHELIUM
En`do*the"li*um, n.; pl. Endothelia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The thin epithelium lining the blood vessels, lymphatics, and
serous cavities. See Epithelium.

ENDOTHELOID
En`do*the"loid, a. Etym: [Endothelium + -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Like endothelium.

ENDOTHERMIC
En`do*ther"mic, a. [Pref. endo-+ thermic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Designating, or pert. to, a reaction which occurs with
absorption of heat; formed by such a reaction; as, an endothermic
substance; -- opposed to exothermic.

ENDOTHORAX
En`do*tho"rax, n. Etym: [Endo- + thorax.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An internal process of the sternal plates in the thorax of
insects.

ENDOW
En*dow", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Endowing.]
Etym: [OF. endouer; pref. en- (L. in) + F. douer to endow, L. dotare.
See Dower, and cf. 2d Endue.]

1. To furnish with money or its equivalent, as a permanent fund for
support; to make pecuniary provision for; to settle an income upon;
especially, to furnish with dower; as, to endow a wife; to endow a
public institution.
Endowing hospitals and almshouses. Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. To enrich or furnish with anything of the nature of a gift (as a
quality or faculty); -- followed by with, rarely by of; as, man is
endowed by his Maker with reason; to endow with privileges or
benefits.

ENDOWER
En*dow"er, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. endouairer. See Dower, Endow.]

Defn: To endow. [Obs.] Waterhouse.

ENDOWER
En*dow"er, n.

Defn: One who endows.

ENDOWMENT
En*dow"ment, n.

1. The act of bestowing a dower, fund, or permanent provision for
support.

2. That which is bestowed or settled on a person or an institution;
property, fund, or revenue permanently appropriated to any object;
as, the endowment of a church, a hospital, or a college.

3. That which is given or bestowed upon the person or mind; gift of
nature; accomplishment; natural capacity; talents; -- usually in the
plural.
His early endowments had fitted him for the work he was to do. I.
Taylor.

ENDOZOA
En`do*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Entozoa.

ENDRUDGE
En*drudge", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + drudge.]

Defn: To make a drudge or slave of. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

ENDUE
En*due", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endued; p. pr. & vb. n. Enduing.] Etym:
[L. induere, prob. confused with E. endow. See Indue.]

Defn: To invest. Latham.
Tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem, until ye be endued with power from
on high. Luke xxiv. 49.
Endue them . . . with heavenly gifts. Book of Common Prayer.

ENDUE
En*due", v. t.

Defn: An older spelling of Endow. Tillotson.

ENDUEMENT
En*due"ment, n.

Defn: Act of enduing; induement.

ENDURABLE
En*dur"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. endurable. See Endure.]

Defn: Capable of being endured or borne; sufferable. Macaulay.
 -- En*dur"a*ble*ness, n.

ENDURABLY
En*dur"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an endurable manner.

ENDURANCE
En*dur"ance, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. endurance. See Endure.]

1. A state or quality of lasting or duration; lastingness;
continuance.
Slurring with an evasive answer the question concerning the endurance
of his own possession. Sir W. Scott.

2. The act of bearing or suffering; a continuing under pain or
distress without resistance, or without being overcome; sufferance;
patience.
Their fortitude was most admirable in their patience and endurance of
all evils, of pain and of death. Sir W. Temple.

Syn.
 -- Suffering; patience; fortitude; resignation.

ENDURANT
En*dur"ant, a.

Defn: Capable of enduring fatigue, pain, hunger, etc.
The ibex is a remarkably endurant animal. J. G. Wood.

ENDURE
En*dure", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Endured; p. pr. & vb. n. Enduring.]
Etym: [F. endurer; pref. en- (L. in) + durer to last. See Dure, v.
i., and cf. Indurate.]

1. To continue in the same state without perishing; to last; to
remain.
Their verdure still endure. Shak.
He shall hold it [his house] fast, but it shall not endure. Job viii.
15.

2. To remain firm, as under trial or suffering; to suffer patiently
or without yielding; to bear up under adversity; to hold out.
Can thine heart endure, or can thine hands be strong in the days that
I shall deal with thee Ezek. xxii. 14.

ENDURE
En*dure", v. t.

1. To remain firm under; to sustain; to undergo; to support without
breaking or yielding; as, metals endure a certain degree of heat
without melting; to endure wind and weather.
Both were of shining steel, and wrought so pure, As might the strokes
of two such arms endure. Dryden.

2. To bear with patience; to suffer without opposition or without
sinking under the pressure or affliction; to bear up under; to put up
with; to tolerate.
I will no longer endure it. Shak.
Therefore I endure all things for the elect's sake. 2 Tim. ii. 10.
How can I endure to see the evil that shall come unto my people
Esther viii. 6.

3. To harden; to toughen; to make hardy. [Obs.]
Manly limbs endured with little ease. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- To last; remain; continue; abide; brook; submit to; suffer.

ENDUREMENT
En*dure"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. endurement.]

Defn: Endurance. [Obs.] South.

ENDURER
En*dur"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, endures or lasts; one who bears,
suffers, or sustains.

ENDURING
En*dur"ing, a.

Defn: Lasting; durable; long-suffering; as, an enduring disposition.
"A better and enduring substance." Heb. x. 34.
 -- En*dur"ing*ly, adv. T. Arnold.
 -- En*dur"ing*ness, n.

ENDWAYS; ENDWISE
End"ways`, End"wise, adv.

1. On end; erectly; in an upright position.

2. With the end forward.

ENDYMA
En"dy*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: See Ependyma.

ENDYSIS
En"dy*sis, n.; pl. Endyses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The act of developing a new coat of hair, a new set of
feathers, scales, etc.; -- opposed to ecdysis.

ENECATE
En"e*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. enecatus, p. p. of enecare; e out, utterly
+ necare to kill.]

Defn: To kill off; to destroy. [Obs.] Harvey.

ENEID
E*ne"id, n.

Defn: Same as Æneid.

ENEMA
En"e*ma, n.; pl. L. Enemata. Etym: [L. enema, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An injection, or clyster, thrown into the rectum as a medicine,
or to impart nourishment. Hoblyn.

ENEMY
En"e*my, n.; pl. Enemies. Etym: [OF. enemi, F. ennemi, from L.
inimicus; in- (negative) + amicus friend. See Amicable.]

Defn: One hostile to another; one who hates, and desires or attempts
the injury of, another; a foe; an adversary; as, an enemy of or to a
person; an enemy to truth, or to falsehood.
To all good he enemy was still. Spenser.
I say unto you, Love your enemies. Matt. v. 44.
The enemy (Mil.), the hostile force. In this sense it is construed
with the verb and pronoun either in the singular or the plural, but
more commonly in the singular; as, we have met the enemy and he is
ours or they are ours.
It was difficult in such a country to track the enemy. It was
impossible to drive him to bay. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Foe; antagonist; opponent. See Adversary.

ENEMY
En"e*my, a.

Defn: Hostile; inimical. [Obs.]
They . . . every day grow more enemy to God. Jer. Taylor.

ENEPIDERMIC
En*ep`i*der"mic, a. Etym: [Pref. en- (Gr. epidermic.] (Med.)

Defn: Applied to the skin without friction; -- said of medicines.

ENERGETIC; ENERGETICAL
En`er*get"ic, En`er*get"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Energy.]

1. Having energy or energies; possessing a capacity for vigorous
action or for exerting force; active. "A Being eternally energetic."
Grew.

2. Exhibiting energy; operating with force, vigor, and effect;
forcible; powerful; efficacious; as, energetic measures; energetic
laws.

Syn.
 -- Forcible; powerful; efficacious; potent; vigorous; effective;
strenuous.
 -- En`er*get"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- En`er*get"ic*al*ness, n.

ENERGETICS
En`er*get"ics, n.

Defn: That branch of science which treats of the laws governing the
physical or mechanical, in distinction from the vital, forces, and
which comprehends the consideration and general investigation of the
whole range of the forces concerned in physical phenomena. [R.]

ENERGIC; ENERGICAL
En*er"gic, En*er"gic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. énergique.]

1. In a state of action; acting; operating.

2. Having energy or great power; energetic.
The energic faculty that we call will. Blackw. Mag.

ENERGIZE
En"er*gize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Energized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Energizing.] Etym: [From Energy.]

Defn: To use strength in action; to act or operate with force or
vigor; to act in producing an effect.
Of all men it is true that they feel and energize first, they reflect
and judge afterwards. J. C. Shairp.

ENERGIZE
En"er*gize, v. t.

Defn: To give strength or force to; to make active; to alacrify; as,
to energize the will.

ENERGIZER
En"er*gi`zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, gives energy, or acts in producing an
effect.

ENERGIZING
En"er*gi`zing, a.

Defn: Capable of imparting or exercising energy.
Those nobler exercises of energizing love. Bp. Horsley.

ENERGUMEN
En`er*gu"men, n. Etym: [L. energumenos, fr. Gr. énergumène. See
Energetic.] (Eccl. Antiq.)

Defn: One possessed by an evil spirit; a demoniac.

ENERGY
En"er*gy, n.; pl. Energies. Etym: [F. énergie, LL. energia, fr.
Gr.In, and Work.]

1. Internal or inherent power; capacity of acting, operating, or
producing an effect, whether exerted or not; as, men possessing
energies may suffer them to lie inactive.
The great energies of nature are known to us only by their effects.
Paley.

2. Power efficiently and forcibly exerted; vigorous or effectual
operation; as, the energy of a magistrate.

3. Strength of expression; force of utterance; power to impress the
mind and arouse the feelings; life; spirit; -- said of speech,
language, words, style; as, a style full of energy.

4. (Physics)

Defn: Capacity for performing work.

Note: The kinetic energy of a body is the energy it has in virtue of
being in motion. It is measured by one half of the product of the
mass of each element of the body multiplied by the square of the
velocity of the element, relative to some given body or point. The
available kinetic energy of a material system unconnected with any
other system is that energy which is due to the motions of the parts
of the system relative to its center of mass. The potential energy of
a body or system is that energy which is not kinetic; -- energy due
to configuration. Kinetic energy is sometimes called actual energy.
Kinetic energy is exemplified in the vis viva of moving bodies, in
heat, electric currents, etc.; potential energy, in a bent spring, or
a body suspended a given distance above the earth and acted on by
gravity.

Accumulation, Conservation, Correlation, and Degradation of energy,
etc. (Physics) See under Accumulation, Conservation, Correlation,
etc.

Syn.
 -- Force; power; potency; vigor; strength; spirit; efficiency;
resolution.

ENERVATE
E*ner"vate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enervated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enervating.] Etym: [L. enervatus, p. p. of enervare, fr. enervis
nerveless, weak; e out + nervus nerve. See Nerve.]

Defn: To deprive of nerve, force, strength, or courage; to render
feeble or impotent; to make effeminate; to impair the moral powers
of.
A man . . . enervated by licentiousness. Macaulay.
And rhyme began t' enervate poetry. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To weaken; enfeeble; unnerve; debilitate.

ENERVATE
E*ner"vate, a. Etym: [L. enervatus, p. p.]

Defn: Weakened; weak; without strength of force. Pope.

ENERVATION
En`er*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. enervatio: cf. F. énervation.]

1. The act of weakening, or reducing strength.

2. The state of being weakened; effeminacy. Bacon.

ENERVATIVE
E*ner"va*tive, a.

Defn: Having power, or a tendency, to enervate; weakening. [R.]

ENERVE
E*nerve", v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. énerver. See Enervate.]

Defn: To weaken; to enervate. [Obs.] Milton.

ENERVOUS
E*nerv"ous, a. Etym: [L. enervis, enervus.]

Defn: Lacking nerve or force; enervated. [R.]

ENFACE
En*face", v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Enfaced; p. pr. & vb. n. Enfacing.]
[Pref. en- + face.]

1. To write or print on the face of (a draft, bill, etc.); as, to
enface drafts with memoranda.

2.  To write or print (a memorandum, direction, or the like) on the
face of a draft, bill, etc.; as, to enface the words "Payable in
Calcutta" upon the face of a draft.

Enfaced paper (Com.), Indian government securities the principal and
interest of which are enfaced as payable in silver rupees. Dict. of
Pol. Econ.

ENFAMISH
En*fam"ish, v. t.

Defn: To famish; to starve.

ENFECT
En*fect", a. Etym: [See Infect, a.]

Defn: Contaminated with illegality. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ENFEEBLE
En*fee"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enfeebled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enfeebling.] Etym: [OF. enfeblir, enfeiblir; pref. en- (L. in) +
feble, F. faible, feeble. See Feeble.]

Defn: To make feeble; to deprive of strength; to reduce the strength
or force of; to weaken; to debilitate.
Enfeebled by scanty subsistence and excessive toil. Prescott.

Syn.
 -- To weaken; debilitate; enervate.

ENFEEBLEMENT
En*fee"ble*ment, n.

Defn: The act of weakening; enervation; weakness.

ENFEEBLER
En*fee"bler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, weakens or makes feeble.

ENFEEBLISH
En*fee"blish, v. i.

Defn: To enfeeble. [Obs.] Holland.

ENFELONED
En*fel"oned, a. Etym: [Pref. en- + felon: cf. OF. enfelonner.]

Defn: Rendered fierce or frantic. [Obs.] "Like one enfeloned or
distraught." Spenser.

ENFEOFF
En*feoff" (; see Feoff, 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enfeoffed; p. pr. &
vb. n. Enfeoffing.] Etym: [Pref. en- + feoff, fief: cf. LL.
infeofare, OF. enfeffer, enfeofer.]

1. (Law)

Defn: To give a feud, or right in land, to; to invest with a fief or
fee; to invest (any one) with a freehold estate by the process of
feoffment. Mozley & W.

2. To give in vassalage; to make subservient. [Obs.]
[The king] enfeoffed himself to popularity. Shak.

ENFEOFFMENT
En*feoff"ment, n. (Law)
(a) The act of enfeoffing.
(b) The instrument or deed by which one is invested with the fee of
an estate.

ENFESTER
En*fes"ter, v. t.

Defn: To fester. [Obs.] "Enfestered sores." Davies (Holy Roode).

ENFETTER
En*fet"ter, v. t.

Defn: To bind in fetters; to enchain. "Enfettered to her love." Shak.

ENFEVER
En*fe"ver, v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + fever: cf. F. enfiévrer.]

Defn: To excite fever in. [R.] A. Seward.

ENFIERCE
En*fierce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enfierced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enfiercing.]

Defn: To make fierce. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENFILADE
En`fi*lade", n. Etym: [F., fr. enfiler to thread, go trough a street
or square, rake with shot; pref. en- (L. in) + fil thread. See File a
row.]

1. A line or straight passage, or the position of that which lies in
a straight line. [R.]

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A firing in the direction of the length of a trench, or a line
of parapet or troops, etc.; a raking fire.

ENFILADE
En`fi*lade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enfiladed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enfilading.] (Mil.)

Defn: To pierce, scour, or rake with shot in the direction of the
length of, as a work, or a line of troops. Campbell.

ENFILED
En*filed", p. a. Etym: [F. enfiler to pierce, thread.] (Her.)

Defn: Having some object, as the head of a man or beast, impaled upon
it; as, a sword which is said to be "enfiled of" the thing which it
pierces.

ENFIRE
En*fire", v. t.

Defn: To set on fire. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENFLESH
En*flesh", v. t.

Defn: To clothe with flesh. [Obs.]
Vices which are . . . enfleshed in him. Florio.

ENFLEURAGE
En`fleu`rage", n. [F., fr. en-(L. in) + fleur flower.]

Defn: A process of extracting perfumes by exposing absorbents, as
fixed oils or fats, to the exhalations of the flowers. It is used for
plants whose volatile oils are too delicate to be separated by
distillation.

ENFLOWER
En*flow"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enflowered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enflowering.]

Defn: To cover or deck with flowers. [Poetic]
These odorous and enflowered fields. B. Jonson.

ENFOLD
En*fold", v. t.

Defn: To infold. See Infold.

ENFOLDMENT
En*fold"ment, n.

Defn: The act of infolding. See Infoldment.

ENFORCE
En*force", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enforced; p. pr. & vb. n. Enforcing.]
Etym: [OF. enforcier to strengthen, force, F. enforcir; pref. en- (L.
in) + F. force. See Force.]

1. To put force upon; to force; to constrain; to compel; as, to
enforce obedience to commands.
Inward joy enforced my heart to smile. Shak.

2. To make or gain by force; to obtain by force; as, to enforce a
passage. "Enforcing furious way." Spenser.

3. To put in motion or action by violence; to drive.
As swift as stones Enforced from the old Assyrian slings. Shak.

4. To give force to; to strengthen; to invigorate; to urge with
energy; as, to enforce arguments or requests.
Enforcing sentiment of the thrust humanity. Burke.

5. To put in force; to cause to take effect; to give effect to; to
execute with vigor; as, to enforce the laws.

6. To urge; to ply hard; to lay much stress upon.
Enforce him with his envy to the people. Shak.

ENFORCE
En*force, v. i.

1. To attempt by force. [Obs.]

2. To prove; to evince. [R.] Hooker.

3. To strengthen; to grow strong. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ENFORCE
En*force", n.

Defn: Force; strength; power. [Obs.]
A petty enterprise of small enforce. Milton.

ENFORCEABLE
En*force"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being enforced.

ENFORCED
En*forced", a.

Defn: Compelled; forced; not voluntary. "Enforced wrong." "Enforced
smiles." Shak.
 -- En*for"ced*ly, adv. Shak.

ENFORCEMENT
En*force"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. enforcement.]

1. The act of enforcing; compulsion.
He that contendeth against these enforcements may easily master or
resist them. Sir W. Raleigh.
Confess 't was hers, and by what rough enforcement You got it from
her. Shak.

2. A giving force to; a putting in execution.
Enforcement of strict military discipline. Palfrey.

3. That which enforces, constraints, gives force, authority, or
effect to; constraint; force applied.
The rewards and punishment of another life, which the Almighty has
established as the enforcements of his law. Locke.

ENFORCER
En*for"cer, n.

Defn: One who enforces.

ENFORCIBLE
En*for"ci*ble, a.

Defn: That may be enforced.

ENFORCIVE
En*for"cive, a.

Defn: Serving to enforce or constrain; compulsive. Marsion.
 -- En*for"cive*ly, adv.

ENFOREST
En*for"est, v. t.

Defn: To turn into a forest.

ENFORM
En*form", v. t. Etym: [F. enformer. See Inform.]

Defn: To form; to fashion. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENFOULDRED
En*foul"dred, a. Etym: [Pref. en- + OF. fouldre, foldre, lightning,
F. foudre, L. fulgur.]

Defn: Mixed with, or emitting, lightning. [Obs.] "With foul
enfouldred smoke." Spenser.

ENFRAME
En*frame", v. t.

Defn: To inclose, as in a frame.

ENFRANCHISE
En*fran"chise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enfranchised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enfranchising.] Etym: [Pref. en- + franchise: cf. F. enfranchir.]

1. To set free; to liberate from slavery, prison, or any binding
power. Bacon.

2. To endow with a franchise; to incorporate into a body politic and
thus to invest with civil and political privileges; to admit to the
privileges of a freeman.

3. To receive as denizens; to naturalize; as, to enfranchise foreign
words. I. Watts.

ENFRANCHISEMENT
En*fran"chise*ment, n.

1. Releasing from slavery or custody. Shak.

2. Admission to the freedom of a corporation or body politic;
investiture with the privileges of free citizens. Enfranchisement of
copyhold (Eng. Law), the conversion of a copyhold estate into a
freehold. Mozley & W.

ENFRANCHISER
En*fran"chis*er, n.

Defn: One who enfranchises.

ENFREE
En*free", v. t.

Defn: To set free. [Obs.] "The enfreed Antenor." Shak.

ENFREEDOM
En*free"dom, v. t.

Defn: To set free. [Obs.] Shak.

ENFREEZE
En*freeze", v. t.

Defn: To freeze; to congeal. [Obs.]
Thou hast enfrozened her disdainful breast. Spenser.

ENFROWARD
En*fro"ward, v. t.

Defn: To make froward, perverse, or ungovernable. [Obs.] Sir E.
Sandys.

ENGAGE
En*gage", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Engaging.]
Etym: [F. engager; pref. en- (L. in) + gage pledge, pawn. See Gage.]

1. To put under pledge; to pledge; to place under obligations to do
or forbear doing something, as by a pledge, oath, or promise; to bind
by contract or promise. "I to thee engaged a prince's word." Shak.

2. To gain for service; to bring in as associate or aid; to enlist;
as, to engage friends to aid in a cause; to engage men for service.

3. To gain over; to win and attach; to attract and hold; to draw.
Good nature engages everybody to him. Addison.

4. To employ the attention and efforts of; to occupy; to engross; to
draw on.
Thus shall mankind his guardian care engage. Pope.
Taking upon himself the difficult task of engaging him in
conversation. Hawthorne.

5. To enter into contest with; to encounter; to bring to conflict.
A favorable opportunity of engaging the enemy. Ludlow.

6. (Mach.)

Defn: To come into gear with; as, the teeth of one cogwheel engage
those of another, or one part of a clutch engages the other part.

ENGAGE
En*gage", v. i.

1. To promise or pledge one's self; to enter into an obligation; to
become bound; to warrant.
How proper the remedy for the malady, I engage not. Fuller.

2. To embark in a business; to take a part; to employ or involve
one's self; to devote attention and effort; to enlist; as, to engage
in controversy.

3. To enter into conflict; to join battle; as, the armies engaged in
a general battle.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: To be in gear, as two cogwheels working together.

ENGAGED
En*gaged", a.

1. Occupied; employed; busy.

2. Pledged; promised; especially, having the affections pledged;
promised in marriage; affianced; betrothed.

3. Greatly interested; of awakened zeal; earnest.

4. Involved; esp., involved in a hostile encounter; as, the engaged
ships continued the fight. Engaged column. (Arch.) Same as Attached
column. See under Attach, v. t.

ENGAGEDLY
En*ga"ged*ly, adv.

Defn: With attachment; with interest; earnestly.

ENGAGEDNESS
En*ga"ged*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being deeply interested; earnestness; zeal.

ENGAGEMENT
En*gage"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. engagement.]

1. The act of engaging, pledging, enlisting, occupying, or entering
into contest.

2. The state of being engaged, pledged or occupied; specif., a pledge
to take some one as husband or wife.

3. That which engages; engrossing occupation; employment of the
attention; obligation by pledge, promise, or contract; an enterprise
embarked in; as, his engagements prevented his acceptance of any
office.
Religion, which is the chief engagement of our league. Milton.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: An action; a fight; a battle.
In hot engagement with the Moors. Dryden.

5. (Mach.)

Defn: The state of being in gear; as, one part of a clutch is brought
into engagement with the other part.

Syn.
 -- Vocation; business; employment; occupation; promise; stipulation;
betrothal; word; battle; combat; fight; contest; conflict. See
Battle.

ENGAGER
En*ga"ger, n.

Defn: One who enters into an engagement or agreement; a surety.
Several sufficient citizens were engagers. Wood.

ENGAGING
En*ga"ging, a.

Defn: Tending to draw the attention or affections; attractive; as,
engaging manners or address.
 -- En*ga"ging*ly, adv.
 -- En*ga"ging*ness, n. Engaging and disengaging gear or machinery,
that in which, or by means of which, one part is alternately brought
into gear or out of gear with another part, as occasion may require.

ENGALLANT
En*gal"lant, v. t.

Defn: To make a gallant of. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

ENGAOL
En*gaol", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + gaol: cf. OF. engaoler, engeoler.
See Gaol, and cf. Enjail.]

Defn: To put in jail; to imprison. [Obs.] Shak.

ENGARBOIL
En*gar"boil, v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + garboil.]

Defn: To throw into disorder; to disturb. [Obs.] "To engarboil the
church." Bp. Montagu.

ENGARLAND
En*gar"land, v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + garland: cf. F. enguirlander.]

Defn: To encircle with a garland, or with garlands. Sir P. Sidney.

ENGARRISON
En*gar"ri*son, v. t.

Defn: To garrison; to put in garrison, or to protect by a garrison.
Bp. Hall.

ENGASTRIMUTH
En*gas"tri*muth, n. Etym: [Gr. engastrimythe.]

Defn: An ventriloquist. [Obs.]

ENGENDER
En*gen"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engendered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Engendering.] Etym: [F. engender, L. ingenerare; in + generare to
beget. See Generate, and cf. Ingenerate.]

1. To produce by the union of the sexes; to beget. [R.]

2. To cause to exist; to bring forth; to produce; to sow the seeds
of; as, angry words engender strife.
Engendering friendship in all parts of the common wealth. Southey.

Syn.
 -- To breed; generate; procreate; propagate; occasion; call forth;
cause; excite; develop.

ENGENDER
En*gen"der, v. i.

1. To assume form; to come into existence; to be caused or produced.
Thick clouds are spread, and storms engender there. Dryden.

2. To come together; to meet, as in sexual embrace. "I saw their
mouths engender." Massinger.

ENGENDER
En*gen"der, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, engenders.

ENGENDRURE
En`gen*drure", n. Etym: [OF. engendreure.]

Defn: The act of generation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ENGILD
En*gild", v. t.

Defn: To gild; to make splendent.
Fair Helena, who most engilds the night. Shak.

ENGINE
En"gine, n. Etym: [F. engin skill, machine, engine, L. ingenium
natural capacity, invention; in in + the root of gignere to produce.
See Genius, and cf. Ingenious, Gin a snare.]

1. (Pronounced, in this sense, [Obs.]
A man hath sapiences three, Memory, engine, and intellect also.
Chaucer.

2. Anything used to effect a purpose; any device or contrivance; an
agent. Shak.
You see the ways the fisherman doth take To catch the fish; what
engines doth he make Bunyan.
Their promises, enticements, oaths, tokens, and all these engines of
lust. Shak.

3. Any instrument by which any effect is produced; especially, an
instrument or machine of war or torture. "Terrible engines of death."
Sir W. Raleigh.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: A compound machine by which any physical power is applied to
produce a given physical effect. Engine driver, one who manages an
engine; specifically, the engineer of a locomotive.
 -- Engine lathe. (Mach.) See under Lathe.
 -- Engine tool, a machine tool. J. Whitworth.
 -- Engine turning (Fine Arts), a method of ornamentation by means of
a rose engine.

Note: The term engine is more commonly applied to massive machines,
or to those giving power, or which produce some difficult result.
Engines, as motors, are distinguished according to the source of
power, as steam engine, air engine, electro-magnetic engine; or the
purpose on account of which the power is applied, as fire engine,
pumping engine, locomotive engine; or some peculiarity of
construction or operation, as single-acting or double-acting engine,
high-pressure or low-pressure engine, condensing engine, etc.

ENGINE
En"gine, v. t.

1. To assault with an engine. [Obs.]
To engine and batter our walls. T. Adams.

2. To equip with an engine; -- said especially of steam vessels; as,
vessels are often built by one firm and engined by another.

3. (Pronounced, in this sense, [Obs.] Chaucer.

ENGINEER
En`gi*neer", n. Etym: [OE. enginer: cf. OF. engignier, F. ingénieur.
See Engine, n.]

1. A person skilled in the principles and practice of any branch of
engineering. See under Engineering, n.

2. One who manages as engine, particularly a steam engine; an engine
driver.

3. One who carries through an enterprise by skillful or artful
contrivance; an efficient manager. [Colloq.] Civil engineer, a person
skilled in the science of civil engineering.
 -- Military engineer, one who executes engineering works of a
military nature. See under Engineering.

ENGINEER
En`gi*neer", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engineered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Engineering.]

1. To lay out or construct, as an engineer; to perform the work of an
engineer on; as, to engineer a road. J. Hamilton.

2. To use contrivance and effort for; to guide the course of; to
manage; as, to engineer a bill through Congress. [Colloq.]

ENGINEER CORPS; CORPS OF ENGINEERS
En`gi*neer" Corps.
 (a) In the United States army, the Corps of Engineers, a corps of
officers and enlisted men consisting of one band and three battalions
of engineers commanded by a brigadier general, whose title is Chief
of Engineers. It has charge of the construction of fortifications for
land and seacoast defense, the improvement of rivers and harbors, the
construction of lighthouses, etc., and, in time of war, supervises
the engineering operations of the armies in the field.
 (b) In the United States navy, a corps made up of the engineers,
which was amalgamated with the line by act of March 3, 1899. It
consisted of assistant and passed assistant engineers, ranking with
ensigns and lieutenants, chief engineers, ranking from lieutenant to
captain, and engineer in chief, ranking with commodore and having
charge of the Bureau of Steam Engineering.

ENGINEERING
En`gi*neer"ing, n.

Defn: Originally, the art of managing engines; in its modern and
extended sense, the art and science by which the mechanical
properties of matter are made useful to man in structures and
machines; the occupation and work of an engineer.

Note: In a comprehensive sense, engineering includes architecture as
a mechanical art, in distinction from architecture as a fine art. It
was formerly divided into military engineering, which is the art of
designing and constructing offensive and defensive works, and civil
engineering, in a broad sense, as relating to other kinds of public
works, machinery, etc.
 -- Civil engineering, in modern usage, is strictly the art of
planning, laying out, and constructing fixed public works, such as
railroads, highways, canals, aqueducts, water works, bridges,
lighthouses, docks, embankments, breakwaters, dams, tunnels, etc.
 -- Mechanical engineering relates to machinery, such as steam
engines, machine tools, mill work, etc.
 -- Mining engineering deals with the excavation and working of
mines, and the extraction of metals from their ores, etc. Engineering
is further divided into steam engineering, gas engineering,
agricultural engineering, topographical engineering, electrical
engineering, etc.

ENGINEMAN
En"gine*man, n.; pl. Enginemen (.

Defn: A man who manages, or waits on, an engine.

ENGINER
En"gin*er, n. Etym: [See Engineer.]

Defn: A contriver; an inventor; a contriver of engines. [Obs.] Shak.

ENGINERY
En"gine*ry, n.

1. The act or art of managing engines, or artillery. Milton.

2. Engines, in general; instruments of war.
Training his devilish enginery. Milton.

3. Any device or contrivance; machinery; structure or arrangement.
Shenstone.

ENGINE-SIZED
En"gine-sized`, a.

Defn: Sized by a machine, and not while in the pulp; -- said of
paper. Knight.

ENGINE-TYPE GENERATOR
En"gine-type` gen"er*a`tor. (Elec.)

Defn: A generator having its revolving part carried on the shaft of
the driving engine.

ENGINOUS
En"gi*nous, a. Etym: [OF. engignos. See Ingenious.]

1. Pertaining to an engine. [Obs.]
That one act gives, like an enginous wheel, Motion to all. Decker.

2. Contrived with care; ingenious. [Obs.]
The mark of all enginous drifts. B. Jonson.

ENGIRD
En*gird", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engirded or Engirt (p. pr. & vb. n.
Engirding.] Etym: [Pref. en- + gird. Cf. Ingirt.]

Defn: To gird; to encompass. Shak.

ENGIRDLE
En*gir"dle, v. t.

Defn: To surround as with a girdle; to girdle.

ENGIRT
En*girt", v. t.

Defn: To engird. [R.] Collins.

ENGISCOPE
En"gi*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Opt.)

Defn: A kind of reflecting microscope. [Obs.]

ENGLAIMED
En*glaimed", a. Etym: [OE. engleimen to smear, gleim birdlime, glue,
phlegm.]

Defn: Clammy. [Obs.]

ENGLE
En"gle, n. Etym: [OE. enghle to coax or cajole. Cf. Angle a hook, one
easily enticed, a gull, Ingle.]

Defn: A favorite; a paramour; an ingle. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

ENGLE
En"gle, v. t.

Defn: To cajole or coax, as favorite. [Obs.]
I 'll presently go and engle some broker. B. Jonson.

ENGLISH
Eng"lish, a. Etym: [AS. Englisc, fr. Engle, Angle, Engles, Angles, a
tribe of Germans from the southeast of Sleswick, in Denmark, who
settled in Britain and gave it the name of England. Cf. Anglican.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to England, or to its inhabitants, or to the
present so-called Anglo-Saxon race. English bond (Arch.)

Defn: See 1st Bond, n.,

8.
 -- English breakfast tea. See Congou.
 -- English horn. (Mus.) See Corno Inglese.
 -- English walnut. (Bot.) See under Walnut.

ENGLISH
Eng"lish, n.

1. Collectively, the people of England; English people or persons.

2. The language of England or of the English nation, and of their
descendants in America, India, and other countries.

Note: The English language has been variously divided into periods by
different writers. In the division most commonly recognized, the
first period dates from about 450 to 1150. This is the period of full
inflection, and is called Anglo-Saxon, or, by many recent writers,
Old English. The second period dates from about 1150 to 1550 (or, if
four periods be recognized, from about 1150 to 1350), and is called
Early English, Middle English, or more commonly (as in the usage of
this book), Old English. During this period most of the inflections
were dropped, and there was a great addition of French words to the
language. The third period extends from about 1350 to 1550, and is
Middle English. During this period orthography became comparatively
fixed. The last period, from about 1550, is called Modern English.

3. A kind of printing type, in size between Pica and Great Primer.
See Type.

Note: The type called English.

4. (Billiards)

Defn: A twist or spinning motion given to a ball in striking it that
influences the direction it will take after touching a cushion or
another ball. The King's, or Queen's, English. See under King.

ENGLISH
Eng"lish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Englished; p. pr. & vb. n. Englishing.]

1. To translate into the English language; to Anglicize; hence, to
interpret; to explain.
Those gracious acts . . . may be Englished more properly, acts of
fear and dissimulation. Milton.
Caxton does not care to alter the French forms and words in the book
which he was Englishing. T. L. K. Oliphant.

2. (Billiards)

Defn: To strike (the cue ball) in such a manner as to give it in
addition to its forward motion a spinning motion, that influences its
direction after impact on another ball or the cushion. [U.S.]

ENGLISHABLE
Eng"lish*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being translated into, or expressed in, English.

ENGLISHISM
Eng"lish*ism, n.

1. A quality or characteristic peculiar to the English. M. Arnold.

2. A form of expression peculiar to the English language as spoken in
England; an Anglicism.

ENGLISHMAN
Eng"lish*man (-man), n.; pl. Englishmen (-men).

Defn: A native or a naturalized inhabitant of England.

ENGLISHRY
Eng"lish*ry, n.

1. The state or privilege of being an Englishman. [Obs.] Cowell.

2. A body of English or people of English descent; -- commonly
applied to English people in Ireland.
A general massacre of the Englishry. Macaulay.

ENGLISHWOMAN
Eng"lish*wom`an, n.; pl. Englishwomen (.

Defn: Fem. of Englishman. Shak.

ENGLOOM
En*gloom", v. t.

Defn: To make gloomy. [R.]

ENGLUE
En*glue", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + glue: cf. F. engluer to smear with
birdlime.]

Defn: To join or close fast together, as with glue; as, a coffer well
englued. Gower.

ENGLUT
En*glut", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Englutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Englutting.]
Etym: [Pref. en- + glut: cf. F. engloutir.]

1. To swallow or gulp down. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To glut. [Obs.] "Englutted with vanity." Ascham.

ENGORE
En*gore", v. t.

1. To gore; to pierce; to lacerate. [Obs.]
Deadly engored of a great wild boar. Spenser.

2. To make bloody. [Obs.] Chapman.

ENGORGE
En*gorge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engorged; p. pr. & vb. n. Engorging.]
Etym: [Pref. en- + gorge: cf. F. engorger to obstruct, cram.]

1. To gorge; to glut. Mir. for Mag.

2. To swallow with greediness or in large quantities; to devour.
Spenser.

ENGORGE
En*gorge", v. i.

Defn: To feed with eagerness or voracity; to stuff one's self with
food. Beaumont.

ENGORGED
En*gorged", p. a.

1. Swallowed with greediness, or in large draughts.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Filled to excess with blood or other liquid; congested.

ENGORGEMENT
En*gorge"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. engorgement.]

1. The act of swallowing greedily; a devouring with voracity; a
glutting.

2. (Med.)

Defn: An overfullness or obstruction of the vessels in some part of
the system; congestion. Hoblyn.

3. (Metal.)

Defn: The clogging of a blast furnace.

ENGOULED
En*gouled", a. (Her.)

Defn: Partly swallowed; disappearing in the jaws of anything; as, an
infant engouled by a serpent; said also of an ordinary, when its two
ends to issue from the mouths of lions, or the like; as, a bend
engouled.

ENGOULEE
En`gou`lée", a. Etym: [F., p. p. of engouler to swallow up; pref. en-
(L. in) + gueule mouth.] (Her.)

Defn: Same as Engouled.

ENGRAFF
En*graff", v. t. Etym: [See Ingraft.]

Defn: To graft; to fix deeply. [Obs.]

ENGRAFFMENT
En*graff"ment, n.

Defn: See Ingraftment. [Obs.]

ENGRAFT
En*graft", v. t.

Defn: See Ingraft. Shak.

ENGRAFTATION; ENGRAFTMENT
En`graf*ta"tion, En*graft"ment, n.

Defn: The act of ingrafting; ingraftment. [R.]

ENGRAIL
En*grail", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engrailed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Engrailing.] Etym: [F. engrêler; pref. en- (L. in) + grêle hail. See
Grail gravel.]

1. To variegate or spot, as with hail.
A caldron new engrailed with twenty hues. Chapman.

2. (Her.)

Defn: To indent with small curves. See Engrailed.

ENGRAIL
En*grail", v. i.

Defn: To form an edging or border; to run in curved or indented
lines. Parnell.

ENGRAILED
En*grailed", a. (Her.)

Defn: Indented with small concave curves, as the edge of a bordure,
bend, or the like.

ENGRAILMENT
En*grail"ment, n.

1. The ring of dots round the edge of a medal, etc. Brande & C.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Indentation in curved lines, as of a line of division or the
edge of an ordinary.

ENGRAIN
En*grain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engrained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Engraining.] Etym: [Pref. en- + grain. Cf. Ingrain.]

1. To dye in grain, or of a fast color. See Ingrain.
Leaves engrained in lusty green. Spenser.

2. To incorporate with the grain or texture of anything; to infuse
deeply. See Ingrain.
The stain hath become engrained by time. Sir W. Scott.

3. To color in imitation of the grain of wood; to grain. See Grain,
v. t., 1.

ENGRAPPLE
En*grap"ple, v. t. & i.

Defn: To grapple. [Obs.]

ENGRASP
En*grasp", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engrasped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Engrasping.]

Defn: To grasp; to grip. [R.] Spenser.

ENGRAVE
En*grave", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + grave a tomb. Cf. Engrave to
carve.]

Defn: To deposit in the grave; to bury. [Obs.] "Their corses to
engrave." Spenser.

ENGRAVE
En*grave", v. t. [imp. Engraved; p. p. Engraved or Engraven (; p. pr.
& vb. n. Engraving.] Etym: [Pref. en- + grave to carve: cf. OF.
engraver.]

1. To cut in; to make by incision. [Obs.]
Full many wounds in his corrupted flesh He did engrave. Spenser.

2. To cut with a graving instrument in order to form an inscription
or pictorial representation; to carve figures; to mark with
incisions.
Like . . . . a signet thou engrave the two stones with the names of
the children of Israel. Ex. xxviii. 11.

3. To form or represent by means of incisions upon wood, stone,
metal, or the like; as, to engrave an inscription.

4. To impress deeply; to infix, as if with a graver.
Engrave principles in men's minds. Locke.

ENGRAVED
En*graved", a.

1. Made by engraving or ornamented with engraving.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the surface covered with irregular, impressed lines.

ENGRAVEMENT
En*grave"ment, n.

1. Engraving.

2. Engraved work. [R.] Barrow.

ENGRAVER
En*grav"er, n.

Defn: One who engraves; a person whose business it is to produce
engraved work, especially on metal or wood.

ENGRAVERY
En*grav"er*y, n.

Defn: The trade or work of an engraver. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

ENGRAVING
En*grav"ing, n.

1. The act or art of producing upon hard material incised or raised
patterns, characters, lines, and the like; especially, the art of
producing such lines, etc., in the surface of metal plates or blocks
of wood. Engraving is used for the decoration of the surface itself;
also, for producing an original, from which a pattern or design may
be printed on paper.

2. That which is engraved; an engraved plate.

3. An impression from an engraved plate, block of wood, or other
material; a print.

Note: Engraving on wood is called xylography; on copper,
chalcography; on stone lithography. Engravings or prints take from
wood blocks are usually called wood cuts, those from stone,
lithographs.

ENGREGGE
En*greg"ge, v. t. Etym: [OF. engregier, from (assumed) LL.
ingreviare; in + (assumed) grevis heavy, for L. gravis. Cf.
Aggravate.]

Defn: To aggravate; to make worse; to lie heavy on. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ENGRIEVE
En*grieve", v. t.

Defn: To grieve. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENGROSS
En*gross", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engrossed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Engrossing.] Etym: [F., fr. pref. en- (L. in) + gros gross, grosse,
n., an engrossed document: cf. OF. engrossir, engroissier, to make
thick, large, or gross. See Gross.]

1. To make gross, thick, or large; to thicken; to increase in bulk or
quantity. [Obs.]
Waves . . . engrossed with mud. Spenser.
Not sleeping, to engross his idle body. Shak.

2. To amass. [Obs.]
To engross up glorious deeds on my behalf. Shak.

3. To copy or write in a large hand (en gross, i. e., in large); to
write a fair copy of in distinct and legible characters; as, to
engross a deed or like instrument on parchment.
Some period long past, when clerks engrossed their stiff and formal
chirography on more substantial materials. Hawthorne.
Laws that may be engrossed on a finger nail. De Quincey.

4. To seize in the gross; to take the whole of; to occupy wholly; to
absorb; as, the subject engrossed all his thoughts.

5. To purchase either the whole or large quantities of, for the
purpose of enhancing the price and making a profit; hence, to take or
assume in undue quantity, proportion, or degree; as, to engross
commodities in market; to engross power. Engrossed bill
(Legislation), one which has been plainly engrossed on parchment,
with all its amendments, preparatory to final action on its passage.
 -- Engrossing hand (Penmanship), a fair, round style of writing
suitable for engrossing legal documents, legislative bills, etc.

Syn.
 -- To absorb; swallow up; imbibe; consume; exhaust; occupy;
forestall; monopolize. See Absorb.

ENGROSSER
En*gross"er, n.

1. One who copies a writing in large, fair characters.

2. One who takes the whole; a person who purchases such quantities of
articles in a market as to raise the price; a forestaller. Locke.

ENGROSSMENT
En*gross"ment, n.

1. The act of engrossing; as, the engrossment of a deed.
Engrossments of power and favor. Swift.

2. That which has been engrossed, as an instrument, legislative bill,
goods, etc.

ENGUARD
En*guard", v. t.

Defn: To surround as with a guard. [Obs.] Shak.

ENGULF
En*gulf", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engulfed; p. pr. & vb. n. Engulfing.]
Etym: [Pref. en- + gulf: cf. OF. engolfer. Cf. Ingulf.]

Defn: To absorb or swallow up as in a gulf.
It quite engulfs all human thought. Young.

Syn.
 -- See Absorb.

ENGULFMENT
En*gulf"ment, n.

Defn: A swallowing up as if in a gulf. [R.]

ENGYN
En*gyn".

Defn: Variant of Engine. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ENHALO
En*ha"lo, v. t.

Defn: To surround with a halo.

ENHANCE
En*hance", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enhanced; p. pr. & vb. n. Enhancing.]
Etym: [Norm. F. enhauncer, enhaucer, OF. enhaleier, enhaucier; pref.
en- (L. in) + haucier to lift, raise up, from an assumed L. altiare,
fr. L. altus high; cf. Pr. enansar, enanzar, to advance, exalt, and
E. advance. See Altitude, and cf. Hawser.]

1. To raise or lift up; to exalt. [Obs.] Wyclif.
Who, naught aghast, his mighty hand enhanced. Spenser.

2. To advance; to augment; to increase; to heighten; to make more
costly or attractive; as, to enhance the price of commodities; to
enhance beauty or kindness; hence, also, to render more heinous; to
aggravate; as, to enhance crime.
The reputation of ferocity enhanced the value of their services, in
making them feared as well as hated. Southey.

ENHANCE
En*hance", v. i.

Defn: To be raised up; to grow larger; as, a debt enhances rapidly by
compound interest.

ENHANCEMENT
En*hance"ment, n.

Defn: The act of increasing, or state of being increased;
augmentation; aggravation; as, the enhancement of value, price,
enjoyments, crime.

ENHANCER
En*han"cer, n.

Defn: One who enhances; one who, or that which, raises the amount,
price, etc.

ENHARBOR
En*har"bor, v. t.

Defn: To find harbor or safety in; to dwell in or inhabit. W. Browne.

ENHARDEN
En*hard"en, v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + harden: cf. F. enhardir to
embolden.]

Defn: To harden; to embolden. [Obs.] Howell.

ENHARMONIC; ENHARMONICAL
En`har*mon"ic, En`har*mon"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. enharmonique.]

1. (Anc. Mus.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to that one of the three kinds of musical
scale (diatonic, chromatic, enharmonic) recognized by the ancient
Greeks, which consisted of quarter tones and major thirds, and was
regarded as the most accurate.

2. (Mus.)
(a) Pertaining to a change of notes to the eye, while, as the same
keys are used, the instrument can mark no difference to the ear, as
the substitution of A for G#.
(b) Pertaining to a scale of perfect intonation which recognizes all
the notes and intervals that result from the exact tuning of diatonic
scales and their transposition into other keys.

ENHARMONICALLY
En`har*mon"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the enharmonic style or system; in just intonation.

ENHEARTEN
En*heart"en, v. t.

Defn: To give heart to; to fill with courage; to embolden.
The enemy exults and is enheartened. I. Taylor.

ENHEDGE
En*hedge", v. t.

Defn: To surround as with a hedge. [R.] Vicars.

ENHORT
En*hort", v. t. Etym: [OF. enhorter, enorter, L. inhortari. Cf.
Exhort.]

Defn: To encourage. [Obs.] "To enhort the people." Chaucer.

ENHUNGER
En*hun"ger, v. t.

Defn: To make hungry.
Those animal passions which vice had . . . enhungered to feed on
innocence and life. J. Martineau.

ENHYDROS
En*hy"dros, n. Etym: [NL. See Enhydrous.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of chalcedony containing water.

ENHYDROUS
En*hy"drous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having water within; containing fluid drops; -- said of certain
crystals.

ENIGMA
E*nig"ma, n.; pl. Enigmas. Etym: [L. aenigma, Gr.

1. A dark, obscure, or inexplicable saying; a riddle; a statement,
the hidden meaning of which is to be discovered or guessed.
A custom was among the ancients of proposing an enigma at festivals.
Pope.

2. An action, mode of action, or thing, which cannot be
satisfactorily explained; a puzzle; as, his conduct is an enigma.

ENIGMATIC; ENIGMATICAL
E`nig*mat"ic, E`nig*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. énigmatique.]

Defn: Relating to or resembling an enigma; not easily explained or
accounted for; darkly expressed; obscure; puzzling; as, an
enigmatical answer.

ENIGMATICALLY
E`nig*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Darkly; obscurely.

ENIGMATIST
E*nig"ma*tist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who makes, or talks in, enigmas. Addison.

ENIGMATIZE
E*nig"ma*tize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Enigmatized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enigmatizing.]

Defn: To make, or talk in, enigmas; to deal in riddles.

ENIGMATOGRAPHY; ENIGMATOLOGY
E*nig`ma*tog"ra*phy, E*nig`ma*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy, -
logy.]

Defn: The art of making or of solving enigmas.

ENISLED
En*isled", p. a.

Defn: Placed alone or apart, as if on an island; severed, as an
island. [R.] "In the sea of life enisled." M. Arnold.

ENJAIL
En*jail", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enjailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Enjailing.]
Etym: [Pref. en- + jail. Cf. Engaol.]

Defn: To put into jail; to imprison. [R.] Donne.

ENJOIN
En*join", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enjoined; p. pr. & vb. n. Enjoining.]
Etym: [F. enjoindre, L. injungere to join into, charge, enjoin; in +
jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Injunction.]

1. To lay upon, as an order or command; to give an injunction to; to
direct with authority; to order; to charge.
High matter thou enjoin'st me. Milton.
I am enjoined by oath to observe three things. Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: To prohibit or restrain by a judicial order or decree; to put
an injunction on.
This is a suit to enjoin the defendants from disturbing the
plaintiffs. Kent.

Note: Enjoin has the force of pressing admonition with authority; as,
a parent enjoins on his children the duty of obedience. But it has
also the sense of command; as, the duties enjoined by God in the
moral law. "This word is more authoritative than direct, and less
imperious than command." Johnson.

ENJOIN
En*join", v. t.

Defn: To join or unite. [Obs.] Hooker.

ENJOINER
En*join"er, n.

Defn: One who enjoins.

ENJOINMENT
En*join"ment, n.

Defn: Direction; command; authoritative admonition. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

ENJOY
En*joy", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enjoyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Enjoying.]
Etym: [OF. enjoier to receive with joy; pref. en- (L. in) + OF. & F.
joie joy: cf. OF. enjoir to enjoy. See Joy.]

1. To take pleasure or satisfaction in the possession or experience
of; to feel or perceive with pleasure; to be delighted with; as, to
enjoy the dainties of a feast; to enjoy conversation.

2. To have, possess, and use with satisfaction; to occupy or have the
benefit of, as a good or profitable thing, or as something desirable;
as, to enjoy a free constitution and religious liberty.
That the children of Israel may enjoy every man the inheritance of
his fathers. Num. xxxvi. 8.
To enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season. Heb. xi. 25.

3. To have sexual intercourse with. Milton. To enjoy one's self, to
feel pleasure; to be happy.

ENJOY
En*joy", v. i.

Defn: To take satisfaction; to live in happiness. [R.] Milton.

ENJOYABLE
En*joy"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being enjoyed or of giving joy; yielding enjoyment.
Milton.

ENJOYER
En*joy"er, n.

Defn: One who enjoys.

ENJOYMENT
En*joy"ment, n.

1. The condition of enjoying anything; pleasure or satisfaction, as
in the possession or occupancy of anything; possession and use; as,
the enjoyment of an estate.

2. That which gives pleasure or keen satisfaction.
The hope of everlasting enjoyments. Glanvill.

Syn.
 -- Pleasure; satisfaction; gratification; fruition; happiness;
felicity; delight.

ENKENNEL
En*ken"nel, v. t.

Defn: To put into a kennel.

ENKERCHIEFED
En*ker"chiefed, a.

Defn: Bound with a kerchief; draped; hooded; covered. Milton.
That soft, enkerchiefed hair. M. Arnold.

ENKINDLE
En*kin"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enkindled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enkindling.]

1. To set on fire; to inflame; to kindle. Shak.

2. To excite; to rouse into action; to incite.
To enkindle the enthusiasm of an artist. Talfourd.

ENLACE
En*lace", v. t.

Defn: To bind or encircle with lace, or as with lace; to lace; to
encircle; to enfold; hence, to entangle.
Ropes of pearl her neck and breast enlace. P. Fletcher.

ENLACEMENT
En*lace"ment, n.

Defn: The act of enlacing, or state of being enlaced; a surrounding
as with a lace.

ENLARD
En*lard", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + lard: cf. OF. enlarder to put on
the spit, Pr. & Sp. enlardar to rub with grease, baste.]

Defn: To cover or dress with lard or grease; to fatten. Shak.

ENLARGE
En*large", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enlarged; p. pr. & vb. n. Enlarging.]
Etym: [OF. enlargier; pref. en- (L. in) + F. large wide. See Large.]

1. To make larger; to increase in quantity or dimensions; to extend
in limits; to magnify; as, the body is enlarged by nutrition; to
enlarge one's house.
To enlarge their possessions of land. Locke.

2. To increase the capacity of; to expand; to give free scope or
greater scope to; also, to dilate, as with joy, affection, and the
like; as, knowledge enlarges the mind.
O ye Corinthians, our . . . heart is enlarged. 2 Cor. vi. 11.

3. To set at large or set free. [Archaic]
It will enlarge us from all restraints. Barrow.
Enlarging hammer, a hammer with a slightly rounded face of large
diameter; -- used by gold beaters. Knight.
 -- To enlarge an order or rule (Law), to extend the time for
complying with it. Abbott.
 -- To enlarge one's self, to give free vent to speech; to spread out
discourse. "They enlarged themselves on this subject." Clarendon.
 -- To enlarge the heart, to make free, liberal, and charitable.

Syn.
 -- To increase; extend; expand; spread; amplify; augment; magnify.
See Increase.

ENLARGE
En*large", v. i.

1. To grow large or larger; to be further extended; to expand; as, a
plant enlarges by growth; an estate enlarges by good management; a
volume of air enlarges by rarefaction.

2. To speak or write at length; to be diffuse in speaking or writing;
to expatiate; to dilate.
To enlarge upon this theme. M. Arnold.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: To get more astern or parallel with the vessel's course; to
draw aft; -- said of the wind.

ENLARGED
En*larged", a.

Defn: Made large or larger; extended; swollen.
 -- En*lar"ged*ly, adv.
 -- En*lar"ged*ness, n.

ENLARGEMENT
En*large"ment, n.

1. The act of increasing in size or bulk, real or apparent; the state
of being increased; augmentation; further extension; expansion.

2. Expansion or extension, as of the powers of the mind; ennoblement,
as of the feelings and character; as, an enlargement of views, of
knowledge, of affection.

3. A setting at large, or being set at large; release from
confinement, servitude, or distress; liberty.
Give enlargement to the swain. Shak.

4. Diffusiveness of speech or writing; expatiation; a wide range of
discourse or argument.
An enlargement upon the vices and corruptions that were got into the
army. Clarendon.

ENLARGER
En*lar"ger, n.

Defn: One that enlarges.

ENLAY
En*lay", v. t.

Defn: See Inlay.

ENLENGTHEN
En*length"en, v. t.

Defn: To lengthen. [Obs.]

ENLEVEN
En*lev"en, n.

Defn: Eleven. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ENLIGHT
En*light", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + light. Cf. Enlighten.]

Defn: To illumine; to enlighten. [R.]
Which from the first has shone on ages past, Enlights the present,
and shall warm the last. Pope.

ENLIGHTEN
En*light"en, v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + lighten: cf. AS. inlihtan. Cf.
Enlight.]

1. To supply with light; to illuminate; as, the sun enlightens the
earth.
His lightnings enlightened the world. Ps. xcvii. 4.

2. To make clear to the intellect or conscience; to shed the light of
truth and knowledge upon; to furnish with increase of knowledge; to
instruct; as, to enlighten the mind or understanding.
The conscience enlightened by the Word and Spirit of God. Trench.

ENLIGHTENER
En*light"en*er, n.

Defn: One who enlightens or illuminates; one who, or that which,
communicates light to the eye, or clear views to the mind.

ENLIGHTENMENT
En*light"en*ment, n.

Defn: Act of enlightening, or the state of being enlightened or
instructed.

ENLIMN
En*limn", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + limn. Cf. Enlumine, Illuminate.]

Defn: To adorn by illuminating or ornamenting with colored and
decorated letters and figures, as a book or manuscript. [R.]
Palsgrave.

ENLINK
En*link", v. t.

Defn: To chain together; to connect, as by links. Shak.

ENLIST
En*list", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enlisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Enlisting.]

1. To enter on a list; to enroll; to register.

2. To engage for military or naval service, the name being entered on
a list or register; as, to enlist men.

3. To secure the support and aid of; to employ in advancing interest;
as, to enlist persons in the cause of truth, or in a charitable
enterprise.

ENLIST
En*list", v. i.

1. To enroll and bind one's self for military or naval service; as,
he enlisted in the regular army; the men enlisted for the war.

2. To enter heartily into a cause, as if enrolled.

ENLISTMENT
En*list"ment, n.

1. The act or enlisting, or the state of being enlisted; voluntary
enrollment to serve as a soldier or a sailor.

2. The writing by which an enlisted man is bound.

ENLIVE
En*live", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + live, a.]

Defn: To enliven. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

ENLIVEN
En*liv"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enlivened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enlivening.] Etym: [Pref. en- + liven.].

1. To give life, action, or motion to; to make vigorous or active; to
excite; to quicken; as, fresh fuel enlivens a fire.
Lo! of themselves th' enlivened chessmen move. Cowley.

2. To give spirit or vivacity to; to make sprightly, gay, or
cheerful; to animate; as, mirth and good humor enliven a company;
enlivening strains of music.

Syn.
 -- To animate; rouse; inspire; cheer; encourage; comfort;
exhilarate; inspirit; invigorate.

ENLIVENER
En*liv"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, enlivens, animates, or invigorates.

ENLOCK
En*lock", v. t.

Defn: To lock; to inclose.

ENLUMINE
En*lu"mine, v. t. Etym: [F. enluminer; pref. en- (L. in) + L.
luminare to light up, illumine. See Illuminate, and cf. Limn.]

Defn: To illumine. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENLUTE
En*lute", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + L. lutum mud, clay.]

Defn: To coat with clay; to lute. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ENMANCHE
En`man`ché", a. Etym: [F.; pref. en- (L. in) + manche sleeve.] (Her.)

Defn: Resembling, or covered with, a sleeve; -- said of the chief
when lines are drawn from the middle point of the upper edge upper
edge to the sides.

ENMARBLE
En*mar"ble, v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + marble.]

Defn: To make hard as marble; to harden. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENMESH
En*mesh", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + mesh. Cf. Inmesh.]

Defn: To catch or entangle in, or as in, meshes. Shak.
My doubts enmesh me if I try. Lowell.

ENMEW
En*mew", v. t.

Defn: See Emmew.

ENMIST
En*mist", v. t.

Defn: To infold, as in a mist.

ENMITY
En"mi*ty, n.; pl. Enmities. Etym: [OE. enemyte, fr. enemy: cf. F.
inimitié, OF. enemistié. See Enemy, and cf. Amity.]

1. The quality of being an enemy; hostile or unfriendly disposition.
No ground of enmity between us known. Milton.

2. A state of opposition; hostility.
The friendship of the world is enmity with God. James iv. 4.

Syn.
 -- Rancor; hostility; hatred; aversion; antipathy; repugnance;
animosity; ill will; malice; malevolence. See Animosity, Rancor.

ENMOSSED
En*mossed", a. Etym: [Pref. en- + moss.]

Defn: Covered with moss; mossed. Keats.

ENMOVE
En*move", v. t.

Defn: See Emmove. [Obs.]

ENMUFFLE
En*muf"fle, v. t.

Defn: To muffle up.

ENMURE
En*mure", v. t.

Defn: To immure. [Obs.]

ENNATION
En*na"tion, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ninth segment in insects.

ENNEAD
En"ne*ad, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The number nine or a group of nine. The Enneads, the title
given to the works of the philosopher Plotinus, published by his
pupil Porphyry; -- so called because each of the six books into which
it is divided contains nine chapters.

ENNEAGON
En"ne*a*gon, n. Etym: [Gr. ennéagone.] (Geom.)

Defn: A polygon or plane figure with nine sides and nine angles; a
nonagon.

ENNEAGONAL
En`ne*ag"o*nal, a. (Geom.)

Defn: Belonging to an enneagon; having nine angles.

ENNEAGYNOUS
En`ne*ag"y*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having or producing nine pistils or styles; -- said of a flower
or plant.

ENNEAHEDRAL
En`ne*a*he"dral, a. Etym: [Gr. (Geom.)

Defn: Having nine sides.

ENNEAHEDRIA; ENNEAHEDRON
En`ne*a*he"dri*a, En`ne*a*he"dron, n. (Geom.)

Defn: A figure having nine sides; a nonagon.

ENNEANDRIA
En`ne*an"dri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. ennéandrie.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan class of plants having nine stamens.

ENNEANDRIAN; ENNEANDROUS
En`ne*an"dri*an, En`ne*an"drous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having nine stamens.

ENNEAPETALOUS
En`ne*a*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. petalous: cf. F. ennéapétale.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having nine petals, or flower leaves.

ENNEASPERMOUS
En`ne*a*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having nine seeds; -- said of fruits.

ENNEATIC; ENNEATICAL
En`ne*at"ic, En`ne*at"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Occurring once in every nine times, days, years, etc.; every
ninth. Enneatical day, every ninth day of a disease.
 -- Enneatical year, every ninth year of a man's life.

ENNEW
En*new", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + new. Cf. Innovate.]

Defn: To make new. [Obs.] Skelton.

ENNICHE
En*niche", v. t.

Defn: To place in a niche. Sterne.

ENNOBLE
En*no"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ennobled; p. pr. & vb. n. Ennobling.]
Etym: [Pref. en- + noble: cf. F. ennoblir.]

1. To make noble; to elevate in degree, qualities, or excellence; to
dignify. "Ennobling all that he touches." Trench.
What can ennoble sots, or slaves, or cowards Alas! not all the blood
of all the Howards. Pope.

2. To raise to the rank of nobility; as, to ennoble a commoner.

Syn.
 -- To raise; dignify; exalt; elevate; aggrandize.

ENNOBLEMENT
En*no"ble*ment, n.

1. The act of making noble, or of exalting, dignifying, or advancing
to nobility. Bacon.

2. That which ennobles; excellence; dignity.

ENNOBLER
En*no"bler, n.

Defn: One who ennobles.

ENNUI
En`nui", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. in odio in hatred. See Annoy.]

Defn: A feeling of weariness and disgust; dullness and languor of
spirits, arising from satiety or want of interest; tedium. T. Gray.

ENNUYE
En`nuy`é", a. Etym: [F., p. p. of ennuyer. See Ennui.]

Defn: Affected with ennui; weary in spirits; emotionally exhausted.

ENNUYE
En`nuy`é", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: One who is affected with ennui.

ENNUYEE
En`nuy`ée", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A woman affected with ennui. Mrs. Jameson.

ENODAL
E*nod"al, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Without a node. Gray.

ENODATION
En`o*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. enodatio explanation, fr. enodare to free
from knots. See Enode.]

Defn: The act or operation of clearing of knots, or of untying;
hence, also, the solution of a difficulty. [R.] Bailey.

ENODE
E*node", v. t. Etym: [L. enodare; e out + nodare to fill with knots,
nodus a knot.]

Defn: To clear of knots; to make clear. [Obs.] Cockeram.

ENOINT
E*noint", a.

Defn: Anointed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ENOMOTARCH
E*nom"o*tarch, n. Etym: [Gr. Enomoty.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: The commander of an enomoty. Mitford.

ENOMOTY
E*nom"o*ty, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A band of sworn soldiers; a division of the Spartan army
ranging from twenty-five to thirty-six men, bound together by oath.

ENOPLA
En"o*pla, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the orders of Nemertina, characterized by the presence
of a peculiar armature of spines or plates in the proboscis.

ENOPTOMANCY
En*op"to*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by the use of a mirror.

ENORM
E*norm", a. Etym: [Cf. F. énorme. See Enormous.]

Defn: Enormous. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENORMITY
E*nor"mi*ty, n.; pl. Enormities. Etym: [L. enormitas, fr. enormis
enormous: cf. F. énormité. See Enormous.]

1. The state or quality of exceeding a measure or rule, or of being
immoderate, monstrous, or outrageous.
The enormity of his learned acquisitions. De Quincey.

2. That which is enormous; especially, an exceeding offense against
order, right, or decency; an atrocious crime; flagitious villainy; an
atrocity.
These clamorous enormities which are grown too big and strong for law
or shame. South.

ENORMOUS
E*nor"mous, a. Etym: [L. enormis enormous, out of rule; e out + norma
rule: cf. F. énorme. See Normal.]

1. Exceeding the usual rule, norm, or measure; out of due proportion;
inordinate; abnormal. "Enormous bliss." Milton. "This enormous
state." Shak. "The hoop's enormous size." Jenyns.
Wallowing unwieldy, enormous in their gait. Milton.

2. Exceedingly wicked; outrageous; atrocious; monstrous; as, an
enormous crime.
That detestable profession of a life so enormous. Bale.

Syn.
 -- Huge; vast; immoderate; immense; excessive; prodigious;
monstrous.
 -- Enormous, Immense, Excessive. We speak of a thing as enormous
when it overpasses its ordinary law of existence or far exceeds its
proper average or standard, and becomes -- so to speak -- abnormal in
its magnitude, degree, etc.; as, a man of enormous strength; a deed
of enormous wickedness. Immense expresses somewhat indefinitely an
immeasurable quantity or extent. Excessive is applied to what is
beyond a just measure or amount, and is always used in an evil; as,
enormous size; an enormous crime; an immense expenditure; the expanse
of ocean is immense. "Excessive levity and indulgence are ultimately
excessive rigor." V. Knox. "Complaisance becomes servitude when it is
excessive." La Rochefoucauld (Trans).

ENORMOUSLY
E*nor"mous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an enormous degree.

ENORMOUSNESS
E*nor"mous*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being enormous.

ENORTHOTROPE
En*or"tho*trope, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An optical toy; a card on which confused or imperfect figures
are drawn, but which form to the eye regular figures when the card is
rapidly revolved. See Thaumatrope.

ENOUGH
E*nough", a. Etym: [OE. inoh, inow, enogh, AS. gen, gen, a. & adv.
(akin to OS. gin, D. genoeg, OHG. ginoug, G. genug, Icel. gn, Sw.
nog, Dan. nok, Goth. gan), fr. geneah it suffices (akin to Goth.
ganah); pref. ge- + a root akin to L. nancisci to get, Skr. na, Gr.

Defn: Satisfying desire; giving content; adequate to meet the want;
sufficient; -- usually, and more elegantly, following the noun to
which it belongs.
How many hired servants of my father's have bread enough and to
spare! Luke xv. 17.

ENOUGH
E*nough", adv.

1. In a degree or quantity that satisfies; to satisfaction;
sufficiently.

2. Fully; quite; -- used to express slight augmentation of the
positive degree, and sometimes equivalent to very; as, he is ready
enough to embrace the offer.
I know you well enough; you are Signior Antonio. Shak.
Thou knowest well enough . . . that this is no time to lend money.
Shak.

3. In a tolerable degree; -- used to express mere acceptableness or
acquiescence, and implying a degree or quantity rather less than is
desired; as, the song was well enough.

Note: Enough usually follows the word it modifies.

ENOUGH
E*nough", n.

Defn: A sufficiency; a quantity which satisfies desire, is adequate
to the want, or is equal to the power or ability; as, he had enough
to do take care of himself. "Enough is as good as a feast."
And Esau said, I have enough, my brother. Gen. xxxiii. 9.

ENOUGH
E*nough", interj.

Defn: An exclamation denoting sufficiency, being a shortened form of
it is enough.

ENOUNCE
E*nounce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enounced; p. pr. & vb. n. Enouncing.]
Etym: [F. énoncer, L. enuntiare; e out + nuntiare to announce, fr.
nuntius messenger. See Nuncio, and cf. Enunciate.]

1. To announce; to declare; to state, as a proposition or argument.
Sir W. Hamilton.

2. To utter; to articulate.
The student should be able to enounce these [sounds] independently.
A. M. Bell.

ENOUNCEMENT
E*nounce"ment, n.

Defn: Act of enouncing; that which is enounced.

ENOW
E*now".

Defn: A form of Enough. [Archaic] Shak.

EN PASSANT
En` pas`sant". [F.]

Defn: In passing; in the course of any procedure; -- said specif.
(Chess),

Defn: of the taking of an adverse pawn which makes a first move of
two squares by a pawn already so advanced as to threaten the first of
these squares. The pawn which takes en passant is advanced to the
threatened square.

ENPATRON
En*pa"tron, v. t.

Defn: To act the part of a patron towards; to patronize. [Obs.] Shak.

ENPIERCE
En*pierce", v. t. Etym: [See Empierce.]

Defn: To pierce. [Obs.] Shak.

ENQUERE
En*quere", v. i.

Defn: To inquire. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ENQUICKEN
En*quick"en, v. t.

Defn: To quicken; to make alive. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

ENQUIRE
En*quire", v. i. & t.

Defn: See Inquire.

ENQUIRER
En*quir"er, n.

Defn: See Inquirer.

ENQUIRY
En*quir"y, n.

Defn: See Inquiry.

ENRACE
En*race", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + race lineage.]

Defn: To enroot; to implant. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENRAGE
En*rage", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enraged; p. pr. & vb. n. Enraging.]
Etym: [F. enrager to be enraged; pref. en- (L. in) + rage rage. See
Rage.]

Defn: To fill with rage; to provoke to frenzy or madness; to make
furious.

Syn.
 -- To irritate; incense; inflame; exasperate; provoke; anger;
madden; infuriate.

ENRAGEMENT
En*rage"ment, n.

Defn: Act of enraging or state of being enraged; excitement. [Obs.]

ENRANGE
En*range", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + range. Cf. Enrank, Arrange.]

1. To range in order; to put in rank; to arrange. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To rove over; to range. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENRANK
En*rank", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + rank.]

Defn: To place in ranks or in order. [R.] Shak.

EN RAPPORT
En` rap`port". [F.]

Defn: In accord, harmony, or sympathy; having a mutual, esp. a
private, understanding; of a hypnotic subject, being in such a mental
state as to be especially subject to the influence of a particular
person or persons.

ENRAPT
En*rapt", p. a. Etym: [Pref. en- + rapt. Cf. Enravish.]

Defn: Thrown into ecstasy; transported; enraptured. Shak.

ENRAPTURE
En*rap"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enraptured; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enrapturing.]

Defn: To transport with pleasure; to delight beyond measure; to
enravish. Shenstone.

ENRAVISH
En*rav"ish, v. t.

Defn: To transport with delight; to enrapture; to fascinate. Spenser.

ENRAVISHINGLY
En*rav"ish*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to throw into ecstasy.

ENRAVISHMENT
En*rav"ish*ment, n.

Defn: The state of being enravished or enraptured; ecstasy; rapture.
Glanvill.

ENREGISTER
En*reg"is*ter, v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + register: cf. F. enregistrer.
Cf. Inregister.]

Defn: To register; to enroll or record; to inregister.
To read enregistered in every nook His goodness, which His beauty
doth declare. Spenser.

ENRHEUM
En*rheum", v. i. Etym: [Pref. en- + rheum: cf. F. s'enrhumer.]

Defn: To contract a rheum. [Obs.] Harvey.

ENRICH
En*rich", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enriched; p. pr. & vb. n. Enriching.]
Etym: [F. enrichir; pref. en- (L. in) + riche rich. See Rich.]

1. To make rich with any kind of wealth; to render opulent; to
increase the possessions of; as, to enrich the understanding with
knowledge.
Seeing, Lord, your great mercy Us hath enriched so openly. Chaucer's
Dream.

2. To supply with ornament; to adorn; as, to enrich a ceiling by
frescoes.

3. To make rich with manure; to fertilize; -- said of the soil; as,
to enrich land by irrigation.

4. To supply with knowledge; to instruct; to store; -- said of the
mind. Sir W. Raleigh.

ENRICHER
En*rich"er, n.

Defn: One who enriches.

ENRICHMENT
En*rich"ment, n.

Defn: The act of making rich, or that which enriches; increase of
value by improvements, embellishment, etc.; decoration;
embellishment.

ENRIDGE
En*ridge", v. t.

Defn: To form into ridges. Shak.

ENRING
En*ring", v. t.

Defn: To encircle. [R.]
The Muses and the Graces, grouped in threes, Enringed a billowing
fountain in the midst. Tennyson.

ENRIPEN
En*rip"en, v. t.

Defn: To ripen. [Obs.] Donne.

ENRIVE
En*rive", v. t.

Defn: To rive; to cleave. [Obs.]

ENROBE
En*robe", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + robe: cf. OF. enrober.]

Defn: To invest or adorn with a robe; to attire.

ENROCKMENT
En*rock"ment, n. Etym: [Pref. en- + rock.]

Defn: A mass of large stones thrown into water at random to form
bases of piers, breakwaters, etc.

ENROLL
En*roll", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enrolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Enrolling.]
Etym: [Pref. en- + roll: cf. F. enrôler; pref. en- (L. in) + rôle
roll or register. See Roll, n.] [Written also enrol.]

1. To insert in a roil; to register or enter in a list or catalogue
or on rolls of court; hence, to record; to insert in records; to
leave in writing; as, to enroll men for service; to enroll a decree
or a law; also, reflexively, to enlist.
An unwritten law of common right, so engraven in the hearts of our
ancestors, and by them so constantly enjoyed and claimed, as that it
needed not enrolling. Milton.
All the citizen capable of bearing arms enrolled themselves.
Prescott.

2. To envelop; to inwrap; to involve. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENROLLER
En*roll"er, n.

Defn: One who enrolls or registers.

ENROLLMENT
En*roll"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. enrôlement.] [Written also enrolment.]

1. The act of enrolling; registration. Holland.

2. A writing in which anything is enrolled; a register; a record. Sir
J. Davies.

ENROOT
En*root", v. t.

Defn: To fix by the root; to fix fast; to implant deep. Shak.

ENROUND
En*round", v. t.

Defn: To surround. [Obs.] Shak.

EN ROUTE
En` route". Etym: [F.]

Defn: On the way or road.

ENS
Ens, n. Etym: [L., ens, entis, a thing. See Entity.]

1. (Metaph.)

Defn: Entity, being, or existence; an actually existing being; also,
God, as the Being of Beings.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Something supposed to condense within itself all the virtues
and qualities of a substance from which it is extracted; essence.
[Obs.]

ENSAFE
En*safe", v. t.

Defn: To make safe. [Obs.] Hall.

ENSAMPLE
En*sam"ple, n. Etym: [OF. ensample, essample, F. exemple. See
Example.]

Defn: An example; a pattern or model for imitation. [Obs.] Tyndale.
Being ensamples to the flock.

ENSAMPLE
En*sam"ple, v. t.

Defn: To exemplify, to show by example. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENSANGUINE
En*san"guine, v. t.

Defn: To stain or cover with blood; to make bloody, or of a blood-red
color; as, an ensanguined hue. "The ensanguined field." Milton.

ENSATE
En"sate, a. Etym: [NL. ensatus, fr. L. ensis sword.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Having sword-shaped leaves, or appendages; ensiform.

ENSCALE
En*scale", v. t.

Defn: To cover with scales.

ENSCHEDULE
En*sched"ule, v. t.

Defn: To insert in a schedule. See Schedule. [R.] Shak.

ENSCONCE
En*sconce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ensconced; imp. & p. p. Ensconcing.]

Defn: To cover or shelter, as with a sconce or fort; to place or hide
securely; to conceal.
She shall not see me: I will ensconce me behind the arras. Shak.

ENSEAL
En*seal", v. t.

Defn: To impress with a seal; to mark as with a seal; hence, to
ratify. [Obs.]
This deed I do enseal. Piers Plowman.

ENSEAM
En*seam", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + seam suture. Cf. Inseam.]

Defn: To sew up; to inclose by a seam; hence, to include; to contain.
Camden.

ENSEAM
En*seam", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + seam grease.]

Defn: To cover with grease; to defile; to pollute. [Obs.]
In the rank sweat of an enseamed bed. Shak.

ENSEAR
En*sear", v. t.

Defn: To sear; to dry up. [Obs.]
Ensear thy fertile and conceptious womb. Shak.

ENSEARCH
En*search", v. i. Etym: [OF. encerchier. See Search.]

Defn: To make search; to try to find something. [Obs.] -- v. t.

Defn: To search for. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

ENSEEL
En*seel", v. t.

Defn: To close eyes of; to seel; -- said in reference to a hawk.
[Obs.]

ENSEINT
En*seint", a. (Law)

Defn: With child; pregnant. See Enceinte. [Obs.]

ENSEMBLE
En`sem"ble, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The whole; all the parts taken together.

ENSEMBLE
En`sem"ble, adv. Etym: [F.]

Defn: All at once; together.

ENSHELTER
En*shel"ter, v. t.

Defn: To shelter. [Obs.]

ENSHIELD
En*shield", v. t.

Defn: To defend, as with a shield; to shield. [Archaic] Shak.

ENSHIELD
En*shield", a.

Defn: Shielded; enshielded. [Obs.] Shak.

ENSHRINE
En*shrine", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enshrined; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enshrining.]

Defn: To inclose in a shrine or chest; hence, to preserve or cherish
as something sacred; as, to enshrine something in memory.
We will enshrine it as holy relic. Massinger.

ENSHROUD
En*shroud", v. t.

Defn: To cover with, or as with, a shroud; to shroud. Churchill.

ENSIFEROUS
En*sif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. ensifer; ensis sword + ferre to bear: cf.
F. ensifère.]

Defn: Bearing a sword.

ENSIFORM
En"si*form, a. Etym: [L. ensis sword + -form: cf. F. ensiforme.]

Defn: Having the form of a sword blade; sword-shaped; as, an ensiform
leaf. Ensiform cartilage, and Ensiform process. (Anat.) See
Xiphisternum.

ENSIGN
En"sign, n. Etym: [L. enseigne, L. insignia, pl. of insigne a
distinctive mark, badge, flag; in + signum mark, sign. See Sign, and
cf. Insignia, 3d Ancient.]

1. A flag; a banner; a standard; esp., the national flag, or a banner
indicating nationality, carried by a ship or a body of soldiers; --
as distinguished from flags indicating divisions of the army, rank of
naval officers, or private signals, and the like.
Hang up your ensigns, let your drums be still. Shak.

2. A signal displayed like a standard, to give notice.
He will lift an ensign to the nations from far. Is. v. 26.

3. Sign; badge of office, rank, or power; symbol.
The ensigns of our power about we bear. Waller.

4.
(a) Formerly, a commissioned officer of the army who carried the
ensign or flag of a company or regiment.
(b) A commissioned officer of the lowest grade in the navy,
corresponding to the grade of second lieutenant in the army. Ham.
Nav. Encyc.

Note: In the British army the rank of ensign was abolished in 1871.
In the United States army the rank is not recognized; the regimental
flags being carried by a sergeant called the color sergeant. Ensign
bearer, one who carries a flag; an ensign.

ENSIGN
En"sign, v. t.

1. To designate as by an ensign. [Obs.]
Henry but joined the roses that ensigned Particular families. B.
Jonson.

2. To distinguish by a mark or ornament; esp. (Her.), by a crown;
thus, any charge which has a crown immediately above or upon it, is
said to be ensigned.

ENSIGNCY
En"sign*cy, n.; pl. Ensigncies (.

Defn: The rank or office of an ensign.

ENSIGNSHIP
En"sign*ship, n.

Defn: The state or rank of an ensign.

ENSILAGE
En"si*lage, n. Etym: [F.; pref. en- (L. in) + silo. See Silo.]

1. The process of preserving fodder (such as cornstalks, rye, oats,
millet, etc.) by compressing it while green and fresh in a pit or vat
called a silo, where it is kept covered from the air; as the ensilage
of fodder.

2. The fodder preserved in a silo.

ENSILAGE
En"si*lage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ensilaged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ensilaging.]

Defn: To preserve in a silo; as, to ensilage cornstalks.

ENSILE
En*sile", v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Ensiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Ensiling.]
[F. ensiler: cf. Sp. ensilar. See Silo.]

Defn: To store (green fodder) in a silo; to prepare as silage. --
En"si*list (#), n.

ENSKY
En*sky", v. t.

Defn: To place in the sky or in heaven. [R.] "A thing enskied and
sainted." Shak.

ENSLAVE
En*slave", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enslaved; p. pr. & vb. n. Enslaving.]

Defn: To reduce to slavery; to make a slave of; to subject to a
dominant influence.
The conquer'd, also, and enslaved by war, Shall, with their freedom
lost, all virtue lose. Milton.
Pleasure admitted in undue degree Enslaves the will. Cowper.

ENSLAVEDNESS
En*slav"ed*ness, n.

Defn: State of being enslaved.

ENSLAVEMENT
En*slave"ment, n.

Defn: The act of reducing to slavery; state of being enslaved;
bondage; servitude.
A fresh enslavement to their enemies. South.

ENSLAVER
En*slav"er, n.

Defn: One who enslaves. Swift.

ENSNARE
En*snare", v. t.

Defn: To catch in a snare. See Insnare.

ENSNARL
En*snarl", v. t.

Defn: To entangle. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENSOBER
En*so"ber, v. t.

Defn: To make sober. [Obs.]
Sad accidents to ensober his spirits. Jer. Taylor.

ENSOUL
En*soul", v. t.

Defn: To indue or imbue (a body) with soul. [R.] Emerson.

ENSPHERE
En*sphere", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + sphere. Cf. Insphere.]

1. To place in a sphere; to envelop.
His ample shoulders in a cloud ensphered. Chapman.

2. To form into a sphere.

ENSTAMP
En*stamp", v. t.

Defn: To stamp; to mark as
It is the motive . . . which enstamps the character. Gogan.

ENSTATE
En*state", v. t.

Defn: See Instate.

ENSTATITE
En"sta*tite, n. Etym: [Named fr. Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of the pyroxene group, orthorhombic in
crystallization; often fibrous and massive; color grayish white or
greenish. It is a silicate of magnesia with some iron. Bronzite is a
ferriferous variety.

ENSTATITIC
En`sta*tit"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to enstatite.

ENSTORE
En*store", v. t. Etym: [See Instaurate.]

Defn: To restore. [Obs.] Wyclif.

ENSTYLE
En*style", v. t.

Defn: To style; to name. [Obs.]

ENSUABLE
En*su"a*ble, a.

Defn: Ensuing; following.

ENSUE
En*sue", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ensued; p. pr. & vb. n. Ensuing.] Etym:
[OF. ensevre, OF. & F. ensuivre, fr. L. insequi; in + sequi to
pursue. See Sue.]

Defn: To follow; to pursue; to follow and overtake. [Obs.] "Seek
peace, and ensue it." 1 Pet. iii. 11.
To ensue his example in doing the like mischief. Golding.

ENSUE
En*sue", v. i.

Defn: To follow or come afterward; to follow as a consequence or in
chronological succession; to result; as, an ensuing conclusion or
effect; the year ensuing was a cold one.
So spoke the Dame, but no applause ensued. Pope.
Damage to the mind or the body, or to both, ensues, unless the
exciting cause be presently removed. I. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- To follow; pursue; succeed. See Follow.

ENSURE
En*sure", v. t.

1. To make sure. See Insure.

2. To betroth. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

ENSURER
En*sur"er, n.

Defn: See Insurer.

ENSWATHE
En*swathe", v. t.

Defn: To swathe; to envelop, as in swaddling clothes. Shak.

ENSWATHEMENT
En*swathe"ment, n.

Defn: The act of enswathing, or the state of being enswathed.

ENSWEEP
En*sweep", v. t.

Defn: To sweep over or across; to pass over rapidly. [R.] Thomson.

ENT-
Ent-.

Defn: A prefix signifying within. See Ento-.

-ENT
-ent. Etym: [F. -ent, L. -ens, -entis.]

Defn: An adjective suffix signifying action or being; as, corrodent,
excellent, emergent, continent, quiescent. See -ant.

ENTABLATURE
En*tab"la*ture, n. Etym: [OF. entablature: cf. It intavolatura, fr.
LL. intabulare to construct a basis; L. in + tabulatum board work,
flooring, fr. tabula. See Table.] (Arch.)

Defn: The superstructure which lies horizontally upon the columns.
See Illust. of Column, Cornice.

Note: It is commonly divided into architrave, the part immediately
above the column; frieze, the central space; and cornice, the upper
projecting moldings. Parker.

ENTABLEMENT
En*tab"le*ment, n. Etym: [F. entablement, LL. intabulamentum.]

Defn: See Entablature. [R.] Evelyn.

ENTACKLE
En*tac"kle, v. t.

Defn: To supply with tackle. [Obs.] Skelton.

ENTAD
En"tad, adv. Etym: [Ent- + L. ad towards.] (Anat.)

Defn: Toward the inside or central part; away from the surface; --
opposed to ectad. B. G. Wilder.

ENTAIL
En*tail", n. Etym: [OE. entaile carving, OF. entaille, F., an
incision, fr. entailler to cut away; pref. en- (L. in) + tailler to
cut; LL. feudum talliatum a fee entailed, i. e., curtailed or
limited. See Tail limitation, Tailor.]

1. That which is entailed. Hence: (Law)
(a) An estate in fee entailed, or limited in descent to a particular
class of issue.
(b) The rule by which the descent is fixed.
A power of breaking the ancient entails, and of alienating their
estates. Hume.

2. Delicately carved ornamental work; intaglio. [Obs.] "A work of
rich entail." Spenser.

ENTAIL
En*tail", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Entailing.]
Etym: [OE. entailen to carve, OF. entailler. See Entail, n.]

1. To settle or fix inalienably on a person or thing, or on a person
and his descendants or a certain line of descendants; -- said
especially of an estate; to bestow as an heritage.
Allowing them to entail their estates. Hume.
I here entail The crown to thee and to thine heirs forever. Shak.

2. To appoint hereditary possessor. [Obs.]
To entail him and his heirs unto the crown. Shak.

3. To cut or carve in a ornamental way. [Obs.]
Entailed with curious antics. Spenser.

ENTAILMENT
En*tail"ment, n.

1. The act of entailing or of giving, as an estate, and directing the
mode of descent.

2. The condition of being entailed.

3. A thing entailed.
Brutality as an hereditary entailment becomes an ever weakening
force. R. L. Dugdale.

ENTAL
En"tal, a. Etym: [See Ent-.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or situated near, central or deep parts; inner;
-- opposed to ectal. B. G. Wilder.

ENTAME
En*tame", v. t.

Defn: To tame. [Obs.] Shak.

ENTANGLE
En*tan"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entangled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Entangling.]

1. To twist or interweave in such a manner as not to be easily
separated; to make tangled, confused, and intricate; as, to entangle
yarn or the hair.

2. To involve in such complications as to render extrication a
bewildering difficulty; hence, metaphorically, to insnare; to
perplex; to bewilder; to puzzle; as, to entangle the feet in a net,
or in briers. "Entangling alliances." Washington.
The difficulties that perplex men's thoughts and entangle their
understandings. Locke.
Allowing her to entangle herself with a person whose future was so
uncertain. Froude.

ENTANGLEMENT
En*tan"gle*ment, n.

Defn: State of being entangled; intricate and confused involution;
that which entangles; intricacy; perplexity.

ENTANGLER
En*tan"gler, n.

Defn: One that entangles.

ENTASIA
En*ta"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Entasis.] (Med.)

Defn: Tonic spasm; -- applied generically to denote any disease
characterized by tonic spasms, as tetanus, trismus, etc.

ENTASIS
En"ta*sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A slight convex swelling of the shaft of a column.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Entasia.

ENTASSMENT
En*tass"ment, n. Etym: [F. entassement, fr. entasser to heap up.]

Defn: A heap; accumulation. [R.]

ENTASTIC
En*tas"tic, a. Etym: [Formed as if fr. (assumed) Gr. Entasis.] (Med.)

Defn: Relating to any disease characterized by tonic spasms.

ENTELECHY
En*tel"e*chy, n. Etym: [L. entelechia, Gr. (Peripatetic Philos.)

Defn: An actuality; a conception completely actualized, in
distinction from mere potential existence.

ENTELLUS
En*tel"lus, n. Etym: [NL., the specific name, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian long-tailed bearded monkey (Semnopithecus
entellus) regarded as sacred by the natives. It is remarkable for the
caplike arrangement of the hair on the head. Called also hoonoomaun
and hungoor.

ENTEND
En*tend", v. i. Etym: [F. entendre, fr. L. intendere. See Intend.]

Defn: To attend to; to apply one's self to. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ENTENDER
En*ten"der, v. t.

1. To make tender. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

2. To treat with tenderness. [R.] Young.

ENTENTIVE
En*ten"tive, a. Etym: [OF. ententif.]

Defn: Attentive; zealous. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ENTER-
En"ter-. Etym: [F. entre between, fr. L. inter. See Inter-]

Defn: A prefix signifying between, among, part.

ENTER
En"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entered; p. pr. & vb. n. Entering.] Etym:
[OE. entren, enteren, F. entrer, fr. L. intrare, fr. intro inward,
contr. fr. intero (sc. loco), fr. inter in between, between. See
Inter-, In, and cf. Interior.]

1. To come or go into; to pass into the interior of; to pass within
the outer cover or shell of; to penetrate; to pierce; as, to enter a
house, a closet, a country, a door, etc.; the river enters the sea.
That darksome cave they enter. Spenser.
I, . . . with the multitude of my redeemed, Shall enter heaven, long
absent. Milton.

2. To unite in; to join; to be admitted to; to become a member of;
as, to enter an association, a college, an army.

3. To engage in; to become occupied with; as, to enter the legal
profession, the book trade, etc.

4. To pass within the limits of; to attain; to begin; to commence
upon; as, to enter one's teens, a new era, a new dispensation.

5. To cause to go (into), or to be received (into); to put in; to
insert; to cause to be admitted; as, to enter a knife into a piece of
wood, a wedge into a log; to enter a boy at college, a horse for a
race, etc.

6. To inscribe; to enroll; to record; as, to enter a name, or a date,
in a book, or a book in a catalogue; to enter the particulars of a
sale in an account, a manifest of a ship or of merchandise at the
customhouse.

7. (Law)
(a) To go into or upon, as lands, and take actual possession of them.
(b) To place in regular form before the court, usually in writing; to
put upon record in proper from and order; as, to enter a writ,
appearance, rule, or judgment. Burrill.

8. To make report of (a vessel or her cargo) at the customhouse; to
submit a statement of (imported goods), with the original invoices,
to the proper officer of the customs for estimating the duties. See
Entry,

4.

9. To file or inscribe upon the records of the land office the
required particulars concerning (a quantity of public land) in order
to entitle a person to a right pf preëmption. [U.S.] Abbott.

10. To deposit for copyright the title or description of (a book,
picture, map, etc.); as, "entered according to act of Congress."

11. To initiate; to introduce favorably. [Obs.] Shak.

ENTER
En"ter, v. i.

1. To go or come in; -- often with in used pleonastically; also, to
begin; to take the first steps. "The year entering." Evelyn.
No evil thing approach nor enter in. Milton.
Truth is fallen in the street, and equity can not enter. Is. lix. 14.
For we which have believed do enter into rest. Heb. iv. 3.

2. To get admission; to introduce one's self; to penetrate; to form
or constitute a part; to become a partaker or participant; to share;
to engage; -- usually with into; sometimes with on or upon; as, a
ball enters into the body; water enters into a ship; he enters into
the plan; to enter into a quarrel; a merchant enters into partnership
with some one; to enter upon another's land; the boy enters on his
tenth year; to enter upon a task; lead enters into the composition of
pewter.

3. To penetrate mentally; to consider attentively; -- with into.
He is particularly pleased with . . . Sallust for his entering into
internal principles of action. Addison.

ENTERADENOGRAPHY
En`ter*ad`e*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A treatise upon, or description of, the intestinal glands.

ENTERADENOLOGY
En`ter*ad`e*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of the glands of the alimentary canal.

ENTERALGIA
En`ter*al"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. entéralgie.] (Med.)

Defn: Pain in the intestines; colic.

ENTERDEAL
En"ter*deal`, n. Etym: [Enter- + deal.]

Defn: Mutual dealings; intercourse. [Obs.]
The enterdeal of princes strange. Spenser.

ENTERER
En"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who makes an entrance or beginning. A. Seward.

ENTERIC
En*ter"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Enteritis.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the enteron, or alimentary canal;
intestinal. Enteric fever (Med.), typhoid fever.

ENTERING EDGE; ENTRANT EDGE
En"ter*ing edge or En"trant edge.

Defn: = Advancing edge.

ENTERITIS
En`te*ri"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammation of the intestines. Hoblyn.

ENTERLACE
En`ter*lace", v. t.

Defn: See Interlace.

ENTERMETE
En`ter*mete", v. i. Etym: [F. s'entremettre; entre between + mettre
to place.]

Defn: To interfere; to intermeddle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ENTERMEWER
En"ter*mew`er, n. Etym: [Enter- + mew to molt.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hawk gradually changing the color of its feathers, commonly
in the second year.

ENTERMISE
En`ter*mise", n. Etym: [F. entremise, fr. s'entremettre. See
Entermete.]

Defn: Mediation. [Obs.]

ENTEROCELE
En"ter*o*cele`, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A hernial tumor whose contents are intestine.

ENTEROCOELE
En"ter*o*coele`, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A perivisceral cavity which arises as an outgrowth or
outgrowths from the digestive tract; distinguished from a
schizocoele, which arises by a splitting of the mesoblast of the
embryo.

ENTEROGRAPHY
En`ter*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.] (Anat.)

Defn: A treatise upon, or description of, the intestines; enterology.

ENTEROLITH
En"ter*o*lith, n. Etym: [Gr. -lith.] (Med.)

Defn: An intestinal concretion.

ENTEROLOGY
En`ter*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. entérologie.]

Defn: The science which treats of the viscera of the body.

ENTERON
En"te*ron, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The whole alimentary, or enteric, canal.

ENTEROPATHY
En`ter*op"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Disease of the intestines.

ENTEROPNEUSTA
En`te*rop*neus"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of wormlike invertebrates having, along the sides of
the body, branchial openings for the branchial sacs, which are formed
by diverticula of the alimentary canal. Balanoglossus is the only
known genus. See Illustration in Appendix.

ENTERORRHAPHY
En`ter*or"rha*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The operation of sewing up a rent in the intestinal canal.

ENTEROTOME
En"ter*o*tome, n. Etym: [F. entérotome. See Enterotomy.] (Med.)

Defn: A kind of scissors used for opening the intestinal canal, as in
post-mortem examinations.

ENTEROTOMY
En`ter*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Incision of the intestines, especially in reducing certain
cases of hernia.

ENTERPARLANCE
En`ter*par"lance, n.

Defn: Mutual talk or conversation; conference. [Obs.] Sir J. Hayward.

ENTERPLEAD
En`ter*plead", v. i.

Defn: Same as Interplead.

ENTERPRISE
En"ter*prise, n. Etym: [F. enterprise, fr. entreprendre to undertake;
entre between (L. inter) + prendre to take. See Inter, and Emprise.]

1. That which is undertaken; something attempted to be performed; a
work projected which involves activity, courage, energy, and the
like; a bold, arduous, or hazardous attempt; an undertaking; as, a
manly enterprise; a warlike enterprise. Shak.
Their hands can not perform their enterprise. Job v. 12.

2. Willingness or eagerness to engage in labor which requires
boldness, promptness, energy, and like qualities; as, a man of great
enterprise.

ENTERPRISE
En"ter*prise, v. t.

1. To undertake; to begin and attempt to perform; to venture upon.
[R.]
The business must be enterprised this night. Dryden.
What would I not renounce or enterprise for you! T. Otway.

2. To treat with hospitality; to entertain. [Obs.]
Him at the threshold met, and well did enterprise. Spenser.

ENTERPRISE
En"ter*prise, v. i.

Defn: To undertake an enterprise, or something hazardous or
difficult. [R.] Pope.

ENTERPRISER
En"ter*pri`ser, n.

Defn: One who undertakes enterprises. Sir J. Hayward.

ENTERPRISING
En"ter*pri`sing, a.

Defn: Having a disposition for enterprise; characterized by
enterprise; resolute, active or prompt to attempt; as, an
enterprising man or firm.
 -- En"ter*pri`sing*ly, adv.

ENTERTAIN
En`ter*tain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entertained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Entertaining.] Etym: [F. entretenir; entre between (L. inter) + tenir
to hold, L. tenere. See Tenable.]

1. To be at the charges of; to take or keep in one's service; to
maintain; to support; to harbor; to keep.

You, sir, I entertain for one of my hundred. Shak.

2. To give hospitable reception and maintenance to; to receive at
one's board, or into one's house; to receive as a guest.
Be not forgetful to entertain strangers; for thereby some have
entertained unawares. Heb. xiii. 2.

3. To engage the attention of agreeably; to amuse with that which
makes the time pass pleasantly; to divert; as, to entertain friends
with conversation, etc.
The weary time she can not entertain. Shak.

4. To give reception to; to receive, in general; to receive and take
into consideration; to admit, treat, or make use of; as, to entertain
a proposal.
I am not here going to entertain so large a theme as the philosophy
of Locke. De Quincey.
A rumor gained ground, -- and, however absurd, was entertained by
some very sensible people. Hawthorne.

5. To meet or encounter, as an enemy. [Obs.] Shak.

6. To keep, hold, or maintain in the mind with favor; to keep in the
mind; to harbor; to cherish; as, to entertain sentiments.

7. To lead on; to bring along; to introduce. [Obs.]
To baptize all nations, and entertain them into the services
institutions of the holy Jesus. Jer. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- To amuse; divert; maintain. See Amuse.

ENTERTAIN
En`ter*tain", v. i.

Defn: To receive, or provide entertainment for, guests; as, he
entertains generously.

ENTERTAIN
En`ter*tain", n. Etym: [Cf. F. entretien, fr. entretenir.]

Defn: Entertainment. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENTERTAINER
En`ter*tain"er, n.

Defn: One who entertains.

ENTERTAINING
En`ter*tain"ing, a.

Defn: Affording entertainment; pleasing; amusing; diverting.
 -- En`ter*tain"ing*ly, adv.
 -- En`ter*tain"ing*ness, n.

ENTERTAINMENT
En`ter*tain"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. entretenement.]

1. The act of receiving as host, or of amusing, admitting, or
cherishing; hospitable reception; also, reception or treatment, in
general.
The entertainment of Christ by faith. Baxter.
The sincere entertainment and practice of the precepts of the gospel.
Bp. Sprat.

2. That which entertains, or with which one is entertained; as: (a)
Hospitality; hospitable provision for the wants of a guest;
especially, provision for the table; a hospitable repast; a feast; a
formal or elegant meal. (b) That which engages the attention
agreeably, amuses or diverts, whether in private, as by conversation,
etc., or in public, by performances of some kind; amusement.
Theatrical entertainments conducted with greater elegance and
refinement. Prescott.

3. Admission into service; service.
Some band of strangers in the adversary's entertainment. Shak.

4. Payment of soldiers or servants; wages. [Obs.]
The entertainment of the general upon his first arrival was but six
shillings and eight pence. Sir J. Davies.

Syn.
 -- Amusement; diversion; recreation; pastime; sport; feast; banquet;
repast; carousal.

ENTERTAKE
En`ter*take", v. t.

Defn: To entertain. [Obs.]

ENTERTISSUED
En`ter*tis"sued, a.

Defn: Same as Intertissued.

ENTHEAL; ENTHEAN
En"the*al, En"the*an, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Divinely inspired; wrought up to enthusiasm. [Obs.]

ENTHEASM
En"the*asm, n.

Defn: Inspiration; enthusiasm. [R.] "Religious entheasm." Byron.

ENTHEASTIC
En`the*as"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. Entheal.]

Defn: Of godlike energy; inspired.
 -- En`the*as"tic*al*ly, adv.

ENTHEAT
En"the*at, a. Etym: [Cf. L. entheatus, fr. Gr.

Defn: Divinely inspired. [Obs.] Drummond.

ENTHELMINTHA; ENTHELMINTHES
En`thel*min"tha, En`thel*min"thes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Intestinal worms. See Helminthes.

ENTHETIC
En*the"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Caused by a morbifie virus implanted in the system; as, an
enthetic disease like syphilis.

ENTHRALL
En*thrall", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + thrall. Cf. Inthrall.] [Written
also enthral.]

Defn: To hold in thrall; to enslave. See Inthrall.
The bars survive the captive they enthrall. Byron.

ENTHRALLMENT
En*thrall"ment, n.

Defn: The act of enthralling, or state of being enthralled. See
Inthrallment.

ENTHRILL
En*thrill", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + thrill.]

Defn: To pierce; to thrill. [Obs.] Sackville.

ENTHRONE
En*throne", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + throne: cf. OF. enthroner. Cf.
Inthronize.]

1. To seat on a throne; to exalt to the seat of royalty or of high
authority; hence, to invest with sovereign authority or dignity.
Beneath a sculptured arch he sits enthroned. Pope.
It [mercy] is enthroned in the hearts of kings. Shak.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: To induct, as a bishop, into the powers and privileges of a
vacant see.

ENTHRONEMENT
En*throne"ment, n.

Defn: The act of enthroning, or state of being enthroned. [Recent]

ENTHRONIZATION
En*thron`i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of enthroning; hence, the admission of a bishop to his
stall or throne in his cathedral.

ENTHRONIZE
En*thron"ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enthronized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enthronizing.] Etym: [See Inthronize.]

Defn: To place on a throne; hence, to induct into office, as a
bishop.
There openly enthronized as the very elected king. Knolles.

ENTHUSE
En*thuse", v. t. & i.

Defn: To make or become enthusiastic. [Slang]

ENTHUSIASM
En*thu"si*asm, n. Etym: [Gr. enthousiasme. See Entheal, Theism.]

1. Inspiration as if by a divine or superhuman power; ecstasy; hence,
a conceit of divine possession and revelation, or of being directly
subject to some divine impulse.
Enthusiasm is founded neither on reason nor divine revelation, but
rises from the conceits of a warmed or overweening imagination.
Locke.

2. A state of impassioned emotion; transport; elevation of fancy;
exaltation of soul; as, the poetry of enthusiasm.
Resolutions adopted in enthusiasm are often repented of when
excitement has been succeeded by the wearing duties of hard everyday
routine. Froude.
Exhibiting the seeming contradiction of susceptibility to enthusiasm
and calculating shrewdness. Bancroft.

3. Enkindled and kindling fervor of soul; strong excitement of
feeling on behalf of a cause or a subject; ardent and imaginative
zeal or interest; as, he engaged in his profession with enthusiasm.
Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm. Emerson.

4. Lively manifestation of joy or zeal.
Philip was greeted with a tumultuous enthusiasm. Prescott.

ENTHUSIAST
En*thu"si*ast, n. Etym: [Gr. enthousiaste.]

Defn: One moved or actuated by enthusiasm; as: (a) One who imagines
himself divinely inspired, or possessed of some special revelation; a
religious madman; a fanatic. (b) One whose mind is wholly possessed
and heated by what engages it; one who is influenced by a peculiar;
fervor of mind; an ardent and imaginative person.
Enthusiasts soon understand each other. W. Irving.

Syn.
 -- Visionary; fanatic; devotee; zealot.

ENTHUSIASTIC; ENTHUSIASTICAL
En*thu`si*as"tic, En*thu`si*as"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Filled with enthusiasm; characterized by enthusiasm; zealous;
as, an enthusiastic lover of art. "Enthusiastical raptures." Calamy.
 -- En*thu`si*as"tic*al*ly, adv.
A young man . . . of a visionary and enthusiastic character. W.
Irving.

ENTHUSIASTIC
En*thu`si*as"tic, n.

Defn: An enthusiast; a zealot. [Obs.]

ENTHYMEMATIC; ENTHYMEMATICAL
En`thy*me*mat"ic, En`thy*me*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the form of, an enthymeme.

ENTHYMEME
En"thy*meme, n. Etym: [Gr. (Logic)

Defn: An argument consisting of only two propositions, an antecedent
and consequent deduced from it; a syllogism with one premise omitted;
as, We are dependent; therefore we should be humble. Here the major
proposition is suppressed. The complete syllogism would be, Dependent
creatures should be humble; we are dependent creatures; therefore we
should be humble.

ENTICE
En*tice", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enticed; p. pr. & vb. n. Enticing.]
Etym: [OE. entisen, enticen, OF. enticier, entichier; pref. en- (L.
in) + a word of uncertain origin, cf. OF. atisier to stir a fire,
provoke, L. titio firebrand, or MHG. zicken to push.]

Defn: To draw on, by exciting hope or desire; to allure; to attract;
as, the bait enticed the fishes. Often in a bad sense: To lead
astray; to induce to evil; to tempt; as, the sirens enticed them to
listen.
Roses blushing as they blow, And enticing men to pull. Beau. & Fl.
My son, if sinners entice thee, consent thou not. Prov. i. 10.
Go, and thine erring brother gain, Entice him home to be forgiven.
Keble.

Syn.
 -- To allure; lure; coax; decoy; seduce; tempt; inveigle; incite;
persuade; prevail on. See Allure.

ENTICEABLE
En*tice"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being enticed.

ENTICEMENT
En*tice"ment, n. Etym: [OF. enticement.]

1. The act or practice of alluring or tempting; as, the enticements
of evil companions.

2. That which entices, or incites to evil; means of allurement;
alluring object; as, an enticement to sin.

Syn.
 -- Allurement; attraction; temptation; seduction; inveiglement;
persuasion; inducement.

ENTICER
En*ti"cer, n.

Defn: One who entices; one who incites or allures to evil. Burton.

ENTICING
En*ti"cing, a.

Defn: That entices; alluring.

ENTICINGLY
En*ti"cing*ly, adv.

Defn: In an enticing manner; charmingly. "She . . . sings most
enticingly." Addison.

ENTIERTY
En*tier"ty, n.

Defn: See Entirety. [Obs.]

ENTIRE
En*tire", a. Etym: [F. entier, L. integer untouched, undiminished,
entire; pref. in-, negative + the root of tangere to touch. See
Tangent, and cf. Integer.]

1. Complete in all parts; undivided; undiminished; whole; full and
perfect; not deficient; as, the entire control of a business; entire
confidence, ignorance.
That ye may be perfect and entire, wanting nothing. James i. 4.
With strength entire and free will armed. Milton.
One entire and perfect chrysolite. Shak.

2. Without mixture or alloy of anything; unqualified; morally whole;
pure; faithful.
Pure fear and entire cowardice. Shak.
No man had ever a heart more entire to the king. Clarendon.

3. (Bot.)
(a) Consisting of a single piece, as a corolla.
(b) Having an evenly continuous edge, as a leaf which has no kind of
teeth.

4. Not gelded; -- said of a horse.

5. Internal; interior. [Obs.] Spenser.

Syn.
 -- See Whole, and Radical.

ENTIRE
En*tire", n.

1. Entirely. "Too long to print in entire." Thackeray.

2. (Brewing)

Defn: A name originally given to a kind of beer combining qualities
of different kinds of beer. [Eng.] "Foker's Entire." Thackeray.

ENTIRELY
En*tire"ly, adv.

1. In an entire manner; wholly; completely; fully; as, the trace is
entirely lost.
Euphrates falls not entirely into the Persian Sea. Raleigh.

2. Without alloy or mixture; truly; sincerely.
To highest God entirely pray. Spenser.

ENTIRENESS
En*tire"ness, n.

1. The state or condition of being entire; completeness; fullness;
totality; as, the entireness of an arch or a bridge.
This same entireness or completeness. Trench.

2. Integrity; wholeness of heart; honesty. [R.]
Entireness in preaching the gospel. Udall.

3. Oneness; unity; -- applied to a condition of intimacy or close
association. [Obs.]
True Christian love may be separated from acquaintance, and
acquaintance from entireness. Bp. Hall.

ENTIRETY
En*tire"ty, n.; pl. Entireness. Etym: [OF. entiereté. Cf. Integrity.]

1. The state of being entire; completeness; as, entirely of interest.
Blackstone.

2. That which is entire; the whole. Bacon.

ENTIRE-WHEAT
En*tire"-wheat", a.

Defn: Designating, made of, or relating to, flour including a
considerable part of the bran.

ENTITATIVE
En"ti*ta*tive, a. Etym: [See Entity.]

Defn: Considered as pure entity; abstracted from all circumstances.
Ellis.
 -- En"ti*ta*tive*ly, adv.

ENTITLE
En*ti"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entitled; p. pr. & vb. n. Entitling.]
Etym: [OF. entituler, F. intituler, LL. intitulare, fr. L. in +
titulus title. See Title, and cf. Intitule.]

1. To give a title to; to affix to as a name or appellation; hence,
also, to dignify by an honorary designation; to denominate; to call;
as, to entitle a book "Commentaries;" to entitle a man "Honorable."
That which . . . we entitle patience. Shak.

2. To give a claim to; to qualify for, with a direct object of the
person, and a remote object of the thing; to furnish with grounds for
seeking or claiming with success; as, an officer's talents entitle
him to command.

3. To attribute; to ascribe. [Obs.]
The ancient proverb . . . entitles this work . . . peculiarly to God
himself. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To name; designate; style; characterize; empower; qualify;
enable; fit.

ENTITULE
En*tit"ule, v. t. Etym: [See Entitle.]

Defn: To entitle. B. Jonson.

ENTITY
En"ti*ty, n.; pl. Entities. Etym: [LL. entitas, fr. L. ens, entis,
thing, prop. p. pr. of esse to be: cf. F. entité. See Essence, Is.]

Defn: A real being, whether in thought (as an ideal conception) or in
fact; being; essence; existence.
Self-subsisting entities, such as our own personality. Shairp.
Fortune is no real entity, . . . but a mere relative signification.
Bentley.

ENTO-
En"to-. Etym: [Gr. In.]

Defn: A combining form signifying within; as, entoblast.

ENTOBLAST
En"to*blast, n. Etym: [Ento- + -blast.] (Biol.)

Defn: The inner germ layer; endoderm. See Nucleolus.

ENTOBRONCHIUM
En`to*bron"chi*um, n.; pl. Entobronchia. Etym: [See Ento-, and
Bronchia.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the main bronchi in the lungs of birds.

ENTOCUNEIFORM; ENTOCUNIFORM
En`to*cu*ne"i*form, En`to*cu"ni*form, n. Etym: [Ento- + cuneiform,
cuniform.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the bones of the tarsus. See Cuneiform.

ENTODERM
En"to*derm, n. Etym: [Ento- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: See Endoderm, and Illust. of Blastoderm.

ENTODERMAL; ENTODERMIC
En`to*der"mal, En`to*der"mic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to the entoderm.

ENTOGASTRIC
En`to*gas"tric, a. Etym: [Ento- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the interior of the stomach; -- applied to a mode
of budding from the interior of the gastric cavity, in certain
hydroids.

ENTOGENOUS
En*tog"e*nous, a. Etym: [Ento- + -genous.] (Biol.)

Defn: See Endogenous.

ENTOGLOSSAL
En`to*glos"sal, a. Etym: [Ento- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Within the tongue; -- applied to the glossohyal bone.

ENTOIL
En*toil", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entoiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Entoiling.]

Defn: To take with toils or bring into toils; to insnare. [R.]
Entoiled in woofed phantasies. Keats.

ENTOMB
En*tomb", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entombed; p. pr. & vb. n. Entombing.]
Etym: [Pref. en- + tomb: cf. OF. entomber.]

Defn: To deposit in a tomb, as a dead body; to bury; to inter; to
inhume. Hooker.

ENTOMBMENT
En*tomb"ment, n.

Defn: The act of entombing or burying, or state of being entombed;
burial. Barrow.

ENTOMERE
En"to*mere, n. Etym: [Ento- + -mere.] (Biol.)

Defn: The more granular cells, which finally become internal, in many
segmenting ova, as those of mammals.

ENTOMIC; ENTOMICAL
En*tom"ic, En*tom"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Entomology.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Relating to insects; entomological.

ENTOMOID
En"to*moid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling an insect.
 -- n.

Defn: An object resembling an insect.

ENTOMOLIN
En*tom"o*lin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: See Chitin.

ENTOMOLITE
En*tom"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil insect.

ENTOMOLOGIC; ENTOMOLOGICAL
En`to*mo*log"ic, En`to*mo*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. entomologique.]

Defn: Of or relating to entomology.
 -- En`to*mo*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

ENTOMOLOGIST
En`to*mol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. entomologiste.]

Defn: One versed in entomology.

ENTOMOLOGIZE
En`to*mol"o*gize, v. i.

Defn: To collect specimens in the study of entomology. C. Kingsley.

ENTOMOLOGY
En`to*mol"o*gy, n.; pl. Entomologies. Etym: [Gr. 'e`ntomon insect (so
called because nearly cut in two, fr. 'e`ntomos cut in; 'en in +
te`mnein to cut) + -logy: cf. F. entomologie. See In, and Tome, and
cf. Insect.]

1. That part of zoölogy which treats of insects.

2. A treatise on the science of entomology.

ENTOMOPHAGA
En`to*moph"a*ga, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ntomon an insect +
fagei^n to eat.] (Zoöl.)

1. One of a group of hymenopterous insects whose larvæ feed
parasitically upon living insects. See Ichneumon,

2.

2. A group of marsupials which are partly insectivorous, as the
opossum.

3. A group of edentates, including the ant-eaters.

ENTOMOPHAGAN
En`to*moph"a*gan, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Relating to the Entomophaga.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Entomophaga.

ENTOMOPHAGOUS
En`to*moph"a*gous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feeding on insects; insectivorous.

ENTOMOPHILOUS
En`to*moph"i*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Fertilized by the agency of insects; -- said of plants in which
the pollen is carried to the stigma by insects.

ENTOMOSTRACA
En`to*mos"tra*ca, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the subclasses of Crustacea, including a large number of
species, many of them minute. The group embraces several orders; as
the Phyllopoda, Ostracoda, Copepoda, and Pectostraca. See Copepoda,
Phyllopoda, and Cladocera.

ENTOMOSTRACAN
En`to*mos"tra*can, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Relating to the Entomostraca.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Entomostraca.

ENTOMOSTRACOUS
En`to*mos"tra*cous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Entomostracans.

ENTOMOTOMIST
En`to*mot"o*mist, n.

Defn: One who practices entomotomy.

ENTOMOTOMY
En`to*mot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science of the dissection of insects.

ENTONIC
En*ton"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Entasis.] (Med.)

Defn: Having great tension, or exaggerated action. Dunglison.

ENTOPERIPHERAL
En`to*pe*riph"er*al, a. Etym: [Ento- + peripheral.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Being, or having its origin, within the external surface of the
body; -- especially applied to feelings, such as hunger, produced by
internal disturbances. Opposed to epiperipheral.

ENTOPHYTE
En"to*phyte, n. Etym: [Ento- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A vegetable parasite subsisting in the interior of the body.

ENTOPHYTIC
En`to*phyt"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to entophytes; as, an entophytic disease.

ENTOPLASM
En"to*plasm, n. Etym: [Ento- + Gr. (Biol.)
(a) The inner granular layer of protoplasm in a developing ovum.
(b) Endosarc.

ENTOPLASTIC
En`to*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Ento- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or composed of, entoplasm; as, the entoplastic
products of some Protozoa, or the entoplastic modification of the
cell protoplasm, by which a nucleus is produced.

ENTOPLASTRON
En`to*plas"tron, n.; pl. Entoplastra. Etym: [Ento- + plastron.]
(Anat.)

Defn: The median plate of the plastron of turtles; -- called also
entosternum.

ENTOPROCTA
En`to*proc"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Bryozoa in which the anus is within the circle of
tentacles. See Pedicellina.

ENTOPTIC
Ent*op"tic, a. Etym: [Ent- + optic.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Relating to objects situated within the eye; esp., relating to
the perception of objects in one's own eye.

ENTORGANISM
Ent*or"gan*ism, n. Etym: [Ent- + organism.] (Biol.)

Defn: An internal parasitic organism.

ENTORTILATION
En*tor`ti*la"tion, n. Etym: [F. entortiller to twist; pref. en- (L.
in) + tortiller to twist.]

Defn: A turning into a circle; round figures. [Obs.] Donne.

ENTOSTERNUM
En`to*ster"num, n.; pl. Entosterna. Etym: [NL. See Ento-, and
Sternum.] (Anat.)

Defn: See Entoplastron.
 -- En`to*ster"nal, a.

ENTOSTHOBLAST
En*tos"tho*blast, n. Etym: [Gr. 'e`ntosthe from within + -blast.]
(Biol.)

Defn: The granule within the nucleolus or entoblast of a nucleated
cell. Agassiz.

ENTOTHORAX
En`to*tho"rax, n. Etym: [Ento- + thorax.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Endothorax.

ENTOTIC
Ent*ot"ic, a. Etym: [Ent- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the interior of the ear.

ENTOURAGE
En`tou`rage" (äN`too`razh"), n. [F.]

Defn: Surroundings; specif., collectively, one's attendants or
associates.

The entourage and mode of life of the mikados were not such as to
make of them able rulers.
B. H. Chamberlain.

ENTOZOA
En`to*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

1. A group of worms, including the tapeworms, flukes, roundworms,
etc., most of which live parasitically in the interior of other
animals; the Helminthes.

2. An artificial group, including all kinds of animals living
parasitically in others.

ENTOZOAL; ENTOZOIC
En`to*zo"al, En`to*zo"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, the Entozoa.

ENTOZOOLOGIST; ENTOZOOELOGIST
En`to*zo*öl"o*gist, n. Etym: [Entozoön + -logy + -ist.]

Defn: One versed in the science of the Entozoa.

ENTOZOON; ENTOZOOEN
En`to*zo"ön, n.; pl. Entozoa. Etym: [NL. See Entozoa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Entozoa.

ENTR'ACTE
En`tr'acte", n. Etym: [F. Cf. Interact.]

1. The interval of time which occurs between the performance of any
two acts of a drama.

2. A dance, piece of music, or interlude, performed between two acts
of a drama.

ENTRAIL
En*trail", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + OF. treiller to grate, lattice,
F. treille vine, arbor. See Trellis.]

Defn: To interweave; to intertwine. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENTRAIL
En*trail", n.

Defn: Entanglement; fold. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENTRAILS
En"trails, n. pl. Etym: [F. entrailles, LL. intralia, intranea, fr.
interaneum, pl. interanea, intestine, interaneus inward, interior,
fr. inter between, among, within. See Internal.]

1. The internal parts of animal bodies; the bowels; the guts;
viscera; intestines.

2. The internal parts; as, the entrails of the earth.
That treasure . . . hid the dark entrails of America. Locke.

ENTRAIN
En*train", v. t. Etym: [F. entrainer.]

Defn: To draw along as a current does; as, water entrained by steam.

ENTRAIN
En*train", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + train.]

Defn: To put aboard a railway train; as, to entrain a regiment.
[Recent, Eng.]

ENTRAIN
En*train", v. i.

Defn: To go aboard a railway train; as, the troops entrained at the
station. [Recent, Eng.]

ENTRAMMEL
En*tram"mel, v. t. Etym: [See Trammel.]

Defn: To trammel; to entangle. Bp. Hacket.

ENTRANCE
En"trance, n. Etym: [OF. entrance, fr. OF. & F. entrant, p. pr. of
entrer to enter. See Enter.]

1. The act of entering or going into; ingress; as, the entrance of a
person into a house or an apartment; hence, the act of taking
possession, as of property, or of office; as, the entrance of an heir
upon his inheritance, or of a magistrate into office.

2. Liberty, power, or permission to enter; as, to give entrance to
friends. Shak.

3. The passage, door, or gate, for entering.
Show us, we pray thee, the entrance into the city. Judg. i. 24.

4. The entering upon; the beginning, or that with which the beginning
is made; the commencement; initiation; as, a difficult entrance into
business. "Beware of entrance to a quarrel." Shak.
St. Augustine, in the entrance of one of his discourses, makes a kind
of apology. Hakewill.

5. The causing to be entered upon a register, as a ship or goods, at
a customhouse; an entering; as, his entrance of the arrival was made
the same day.

6. (Naut.)
(a) The angle which the bow of a vessel makes with the water at the
water line. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
(b) The bow, or entire wedgelike forepart of a vessel, below the
water line. Totten.

ENTRANCE
En*trance", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entranced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Entrancing.] Etym: [Pref. en- + trance.]

1. To put into a trance; to make insensible to present objects.
Him, still entranced and in a litter laid, They bore from field and
to the bed conveyed. Dryden.

2. To put into an ecstasy; to ravish with delight or wonder; to
enrapture; to charm.
And I so ravished with her heavenly note, I stood entranced, and had
no room for thought. Dryden.

ENTRANCEMENT
En*trance"ment, n.

Defn: The act of entrancing, or the state of trance or ecstasy.
Otway.

ENTRANT
En"trant, n. Etym: [See Entrance, n.]

1. One who enters; a beginner. "The entrant upon life." Bp. Terrot.

2. An applicant for admission. Stormonth.

ENTRAP
En*trap", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entrapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Entrapping.]
Etym: [Pref. en- + trap: cf. OF. entraper.]

Defn: To catch in a trap; to insnare; hence, to catch, as in a trap,
by artifices; to involve in difficulties or distresses; to catch or
involve in contradictions; as, to be entrapped by the devices of evil
men.
A golden mesh, to entrap the hearts of men. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To insnare; inveigle; tangle; decoy; entangle.

ENTREAT
En*treat", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entreated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Entreating.] Etym: [OE. entreten to treat, request, OF. entraiter to
treat of; pref. en- (L. in) + traitier to treat. See Treat.]

1. To treat, or conduct toward; to deal with; to use. [Obs.]
Fairly let her be entreated. Shak.
I will cause the enemy to entreat thee well. Jer. xv. 11.

2. To treat with, or in respect to, a thing desired; hence, to ask
earnestly; to beseech; to petition or pray with urgency; to
supplicate; to importune. "Entreat my wife to come." "I do entreat
your patience." Shak.
I must entreat of you some of that money. Shak.
Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door. Poe.
Isaac entreated the Lord for his wife. Gen. xxv. 21.

3. To beseech or supplicate successfully; to prevail upon by prayer
or solicitation; to persuade.
It were a fruitless attempt to appease a power whom no prayers could
entreat. Rogers.

4. To invite; to entertain. [Obs.] "Pleasures to entreat." Spenser.

Syn.
 -- To beseech; beg; solicit; crave; implore; supplicate. See
Beseech.

ENTREAT
En*treat", v. i.

1. To treat or discourse; hence, to enter into negotiations, as for a
treaty. [Obs.]
Of which I shall have further occasion to entreat. Hakewill.
Alexander . . . was first that entreated of true peace with them. 1
Mac. x. 47.

2. To make an earnest petition or request.
The Janizaries entreated for them as valiant men. Knolles.

ENTREAT
En*treat", n.

Defn: Entreaty. [Obs.] Ford.

ENTREATABLE
En*treat"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be entreated.

ENTREATANCE
En*treat"ance, n.

Defn: Entreaty. [Obs.] Fairfax.

ENTREATER
En*treat"er, n.

Defn: One who entreats; one who asks earnestly; a beseecher.

ENTREATFUL
En*treat"ful, a.

Defn: Full of entreaty. [R.] See Intreatful.

ENTREATINGLY
En*treat"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In an entreating manner.

ENTREATIVE
En*treat"ive, a.

Defn: Used in entreaty; pleading. [R.] "Entreative phrase." A.
Brewer.

ENTREATMENT
En*treat"ment, n.

Defn: Entreaty; invitation. [Obs.] Shak.

ENTREATY
En*treat"y, n.; pl. Entreaties (.

1. Treatment; reception; entertainment. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. The act of entreating or beseeching; urgent prayer; earnest
petition; pressing solicitation.
Fair entreaty, and sweet blandishment. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- Solicitation; request; suit; supplication; importunity.

ENTREE
En`trée", n. Etym: [F. See Entry.]

1. A coming in, or entrance; hence, freedom of access; permission or
right to enter; as, to have the entrée of a house.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: In French usage, a dish served at the beginning of dinner to
give zest to the appetite; in English usage, a side dish, served with
a joint, or between the courses, as a cutlet, scalloped oysters, etc.

ENTREMETS
En`tre*mets", n. sing. & pl. Etym: [F., fr. entre between + mets a
dish, mess.]

1. (Cookery)

Defn: A side dish; a dainty or relishing dish usually eaten after the
joints or principal dish; also, a sweetmeat, served with a dinner.

2. Any small entertainment between two greater ones. [R.]

ENTRENCH
En*trench", v. t.

Defn: See Intrench.

ENTREPOT
En`tre*pôt", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A warehouse; a magazine for depositing goods, stores, etc.; a
mart or place where merchandise is deposited; as, an entrepôt for
shipping goods in transit.

ENTREPRENEUR
En`tre*pre*neur", n. Etym: [F. See Enterprise.] (Polit. Econ.)

Defn: One who creates a product on his own account; whoever
undertakes on his own account an industrial enterprise in which
workmen are employed. F. A. Walker.

ENTRESOL
En`tre*sol", n. Etym: [F.] (Arch.)

Defn: A low story between two higher ones, usually between the ground
floor and the first story; mezzanine. Parker.

ENTRICK
En*trick", v. t. Etym: [Cf. OE. entriken to perplex, OF. entriquer.
Cf. Trick, Intrigue.]

Defn: To trick, to perplex. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

ENTROCHAL
En"tro*chal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, entrochites, or the joints of
encrinites; -- used of a kind of stone or marble.

ENTROCHITE
En"tro*chite, n. Etym: [Pref. en- + Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil joint of a crinoid stem.

ENTROPION
En*tro"pi*on, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Same as Entropium.

ENTROPIUM
En*tro"pi*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Entropy.] (Med.)

Defn: The inversion or turning in of the border of the eyelids.

ENTROPY
En"tro*py, n. Etym: [Gr. (Thermodynamics)

Defn: A certain property of a body, expressed as a measurable
quantity, such that when there is no communication of heat the
quantity remains constant, but when heat enters or leaves the body
the quantity increases or diminishes. If a small amount, h, of heat
enters the body when its temperature is t in the thermodynamic scale
the entropy of the body is increased by h . The entropy is regarded
as measured from some standard temperature and pressure. Sometimes
called the thermodynamic function.
The entropy of the universe tends towards a maximum. Clausius.

ENTRUST
En*trust", v. t.

Defn: See Intrust.

ENTRY
En"try, n.; pl. Entries. Etym: [OE. entree, entre, F. entrée, fr.
entrer to enter. See Enter, and cf. Entrée.]

1. The act of entering or passing into or upon; entrance; ingress;
hence, beginnings or first attempts; as, the entry of a person into a
house or city; the entry of a river into the sea; the entry of air
into the blood; an entry upon an undertaking.

2. The act of making or entering a record; a setting down in writing
the particulars, as of a transaction; as, an entry of a sale; also,
that which is entered; an item.
A notary made an entry of this act. Bacon.

3. That by which entrance is made; a passage leading into a house or
other building, or to a room; a vestibule; an adit, as of a mine.
A straight, long entry to the temple led. Dryden.

4. (Com.)

Defn: The exhibition or depositing of a ship's papers at the
customhouse, to procure license to land goods; or the giving an
account of a ship's cargo to the officer of the customs, and
obtaining his permission to land the goods. See Enter, v. t., 8, and
Entrance, n.,

5.

5. (Law)
(a) The actual taking possession of lands or tenements, by entering
or setting foot on them.
(b) A putting upon record in proper form and order.
(c) The act in addition to breaking essential to constitute the
offense or burglary. Burrill. Bill of entry. See under Bill.
 -- Double entry, Single entry. See Bookkeeping.
 -- Entry clerk (Com.), a clerk who makes the original entries of
transactions in a business.
 -- Writ of entry (Law), a writ issued for the purpose of obtaining
possession of land from one who has unlawfully entered and continues
in possession. Bouvier.

ENTRYNG
En"tryng, n.

Defn: Am entrance. [Obs.]
So great an entryng and so large. Chaucer.

ENTUNE
En*tune", v. t.

Defn: To tune; to intone. Chaucer.

ENTWINE
En*twine", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + twine. Cf. Intwine.]

Defn: To twine, twist, or wreathe together or round. [Written also
intwine.]
Entwined in duskier wreaths her braided locks. Shelley.
Thy glorious household stuff did me entwine. Herbert.

ENTWINE
En*twine", v. i.

Defn: To be twisted or twined.
With whose imperial laurels might entwine no cypress. De Quincey.

ENTWINEMENT
En*twine"ment, n.

Defn: A twining or twisting together or round; union. Bp. Hacket.

ENTWIST
En*twist", v. t.

Defn: To twist or wreathe round; to intwine. Shak.

ENUBILATE
E*nu"bi*late, v. t. Etym: [L. enubilatus, p. p. of enubilare to
enubilate; e out + nubila clouds, fr. nubilis cloudy, nubes cloud.]

Defn: To clear from mist, clouds, or obscurity. [R.] Bailey.

ENUBILOUS
E*nu"bi*lous, a. Etym: [See Enubilate.]

Defn: Free from fog, mist, or clouds; clear. [R.]

ENUCLEATE
E*nu"cle*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enucleated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enucleating.] Etym: [L. enucleatus, p. p. of enucleare to enucleate;
e out + nucleus kernel.]

1. To bring or peel out, as a kernel from its enveloping husks its
enveloping husks or shell.

2. (Med.)

Defn: To remove without cutting (as a tumor).

3. To bring to light; to make clear. Sclater (1654).

ENUCLEATION
E*nu`cle*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. énucléation.]

Defn: The act of enucleating; elucidation; exposition.
Neither sir, nor water, nor food, seem directly to contribute
anything to the enucleation of this disease. Tooke.

ENUMERATE
E*nu"mer*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enumerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enumerating.] Etym: [L. enumeratus, p. p. of enumerare to count out,
enumerate; e out + numerare to count, fr. numerus number. See
Number.]

Defn: To count; to tell by numbers; to count over, or tell off one
after another; to number; to reckon up; to mention one by one; to
name over; to make a special and separate account of; to recount; as,
to enumerate the stars in a constellation.
Enumerating the services he had done. Ludlow.

Syn.
 -- To reckon; compute; calculate; count; estimate; relate; rehearse;
recapitulate; detail.

ENUMERATION
E*nu`mer*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. enumeratio: cf. F. énumération.]

1. The act of enumerating, making separate mention, or recounting.

2. A detailed account, in which each thing is specially noticed.
Because almost every man we meet possesses these, we leave them out
of our enumeration. Paley.

3. (Rhet.)

Defn: A recapitulation, in the peroration, of the heads of an
argument.

ENUMERATIVE
E*nu"mer*a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. énumératif.]

Defn: Counting, or reckoning up, one by one.
Enumerative of the variety of evils. Jer. Taylor.

ENUMERATOR
E*nu"mer*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who enumerates.

ENUNCIABLE
E*nun"ci*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being enunciated or expressed.

ENUNCIATE
E*nun"ci*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enunciated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enunciating.] Etym: [L. enuntiatus, -ciatus, p. p. of enuntiare, -
ciare. See Enounce.]

1. To make a formal statement of; to announce; to proclaim; to
declare, as a truth.
The terms in which he enunciates the great doctrines of the gospel.
Coleridge.

2. To make distinctly audible; to utter articulately; to pronounce;
as, to enunciate a word distinctly.

ENUNCIATE
E*nun"ci*ate, v. i.

Defn: To utter words or syllables articulately.

ENUNCIATION
E*nun`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. enuntiatio, -ciatio.]

1. The act of enunciating, announcing, proclaiming, or making known;
open attestation; declaration; as, the enunciation of an important
truth.
By way of interpretation and enunciation. Jer. Taylor.

2. Mode of utterance or pronunciation, especially as regards fullness
and distinctness or articulation; as, to speak with a clear or
impressive enunciation.

3. That which is enunciated or announced; words in which a
proposition is expressed; an announcement; a formal declaration; a
statement.
Every intelligible enunciation must be either true or false. A.
Clarke.

ENUNCIATIVE
E*nun"ci*a*tive, a. Etym: [L. enuntiativus, -ciativus.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, enunciation; declarative.
Ayliffe.
 -- E*nun"ci*a*tive*ly, adv.

ENUNCIATOR
E*nun"ci*a`tor, n. Etym: [L. enuntiator, enunciator.]

Defn: One who enunciates or proclaims.

ENUNCIATORY
E*nun"ci*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, enunciation or utterance.

ENURE
En*ure", v. t.

Defn: See Inure.

ENURESIS
En`u*re"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An involuntary discharge of urine; incontinence of urine.

ENVASSAL
En*vas"sal, v. t.

Defn: To make a vassal of. [Obs.]

ENVAULT
En*vault", v. t.

Defn: To inclose in a vault; to entomb. [R.] Swift.

ENVEIGLE
En*vei"gle, v. t.

Defn: To entice. See Inveigle.

ENVELOP
En*vel"op, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enveloped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enveloping.] Etym: [OE. envolupen, envolipen, OF. envoluper,
envoleper, F. envelopper; pref. en- (L. in) + voluper, voleper. See
Develop.]

Defn: To put a covering about; to wrap up or in; to inclose within a
case, wrapper, integument or the like; to surround entirely; as, to
envelop goods or a letter; the fog envelops a ship.
Nocturnal shades this world envelop. J. Philips.

ENVELOPE; ENVELOP
En"vel*ope, En*vel"op, n. Etym: [F. enveloppe.]

1. That which envelops, wraps up, encases, or surrounds; a wrapper;
an inclosing cover; esp., the cover or wrapper of a document, as of a
letter.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The nebulous covering of the head or nucleus of a comet; --
called also coma.

3. (Fort.)

Defn: A work of earth, in the form of a single parapet or of a small
rampart. It is sometimes raised in the ditch and sometimes beyond it.
Wilhelm.

4. (Geom.)

Defn: A curve or surface which is tangent to each member of a system
of curves or surfaces, the form and position of the members of the
system being allowed to vary according to some continuous law. Thus,
any curve is the envelope of its tangents. push the envelope. It is
used to refer to the maximum performance available at the current
state of the technology, and therefore refers to a class of machines
in general, not a specific machine. push the envelope Increase the
capability of some type of machine or system; -- usu. by
technological development.

ENVELOPMENT
En*vel"op*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. enveloppement.]

1. The act of enveloping or wrapping; an inclosing or covering on all
sides.

2. That which envelops or surrounds; an envelop.

ENVENIME
En*ven"ime, v. t.

Defn: To envenom. [Obs.]

ENVENOM
En*ven"om, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Envenomed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Envenoming.] Etym: [OE. envenimen, F. envenimer; pref. en- (L. in) +
F. venin poison. See Venom.]

1. To taint or impregnate with venom, or any substance noxious to
life; to poison; to render dangerous or deadly by poison, as food,
drink, a weapon; as, envenomed meat, wine, or arrow; also, to poison
(a person) by impregnating with venom.
Alcides . . . felt the envenomed robe. Milton.
O, what a world is this, when what is comely Envenoms him that bears
it! Shak.

2. To taint or impregnate with bitterness, malice, or hatred; to
imbue as with venom; to imbitter.
The envenomed tongue of calumny. Smollett.
On the question of slavery opinion has of late years been peculiarly
envenomed. Sir G. C. Lewis.

ENVERMEIL
En*ver"meil, v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + vermeil: cf. OF. envermeiller.
See Vermil.]

Defn: To color with, or as with, vermilion; to dye red. [Obs.]
Milton.

ENVIABLE
En"vi*a*ble, a. Etym: [From Envy.]

Defn: Fitted to excite envy; capable of awakening an ardent desire to
posses or to resemble.
One of most enviable of human beings. Macaulay.
-- En"vi*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- En"vi*a*bly, adv.

ENVIE
En*vie", v. i. Etym: [See Vie.]

Defn: To vie; to emulate; to strive. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENVIER
En"vi*er, n.

Defn: One who envies; one who desires inordinately what another
possesses.

ENVIGOR
En*vig"or, v. t.

Defn: To invigorate. [Obs.]

ENVIOUS
En"vi*ous, a. Etym: [OF. envios, F. envieux, fr. L. invidiosus, fr.
invidia envy. See Envy, and cf. Invidious.]

1. Malignant; mischievous; spiteful. [Obs.]
Each envious brier his weary legs doth scratch. Shak.

2. Feeling or exhibiting envy; actuated or directed by, or proceeding
from, envy; -- said of a person, disposition, feeling, act, etc.;
jealously pained by the excellence or good fortune of another;
maliciously grudging; -- followed by of, at, and against; as, an
envious man, disposition, attack; envious tongues.
My soul is envious of mine eye. Keble.
Neither be thou envious at the wicked. Prov. xxiv. 19.

3. Inspiring envy. [Obs. or Poetic]
He to him leapt, and that same envious gage Of victor's glory from
him snatched away. Spenser.

4. Excessively careful; cautious. [Obs.]
No men are so envious of their health. Jer. Taylor.
-- En"vi*ous*ly, adv.
 -- En"vi*ous*ness, n.

ENVIRON
En*vi"ron, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Environed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Environing.] Etym: [F. environner, fr. environ about, thereabout;
pref. en- (L. in) + OF. viron circle, circuit, fr. OF. & F. virer to
turn, LL. virare to turn up and down, topsy-turvy. Cf. Veer.]

Defn: To surround; to encompass; to encircle; to hem in; to be round
about; to involve or envelop.
Dwelling in a pleasant glade, With mountains round about environed.
Spenser.
Environed he was with many foes. Shak.
Environ me with darkness whilst I write. Donne.

ENVIRON
En*vi"ron, adv. Etym: [F.]

Defn: About; around. [Obs.]
Lord Godfrey's eye three times environ goes. Fairfax.

ENVIRONMENT
En*vi"ron*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. environnement.]

1. Act of environing; state of being environed.

2. That which environs or surrounds; surrounding conditions,
influences, or forces, by which living forms are influenced and
modified in their growth and development.
It is no friendly environment, this of thine. Carlyle.

ENVIRONS
En*vi"rons, n. pl. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The parts or places which surround another place, or lie in its
neighborhood; suburbs; as, the environs of a city or town.
Chesterfield.

ENVISAGE
En*vis"age (; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Envisaged (; 48); p. pr. & vb.
n. Envisaging.] Etym: [F. envisager; pref. en- (L. in) + visage face,
visage. See Visage.]

Defn: To look in the face of; to apprehend; to regard. [R.] Keats.
From the very dawn of existence the infant must envisage self, and
body acting on self. McCosh.

ENVISAGEMENT
En*vis"age*ment, n.

Defn: The act of envisaging.

ENVOLUME
En*vol"ume, v. t.

Defn: To form into, or incorporate with, a volume. [R.]

ENVOLUP
En*vol"up, v. t. Etym: [See Envelop.]

Defn: To wrap up; to envelop. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ENVOY
En"voy, n. Etym: [F. envoyé envoy, fr. envoyer to send; pref. en- (L.
in) + voie way, L. via: cf. F. envoi an envoy (in sense 2). See
Voyage, and cf. Invoice.]

1. One dispatched upon an errand or mission; a messenger; esp., a
person deputed by a sovereign or a government to negotiate a treaty,
or transact other business, with a foreign sovereign or government; a
minister accredited to a foreign government. An envoy's rank is below
that of an ambassador.

2. Etym: [F. envoi, fr. envoyer to send.]

Defn: An explanatory or commendatory postscript to a poem, essay, or
book; -- also in the French from, l'envoi.
The envoy of a ballad is the "sending" of it forth. Skeat.

ENVOYSHIP
En"voy*ship, n.

Defn: The office or position of an envoy.

ENVY
En"vy, n.; pl. Envies. Etym: [F. envie, L. invidia envious; akin to
invidere to look askance at, to look with enmity; in against + videre
to see. See Vision.]

1. Malice; ill will; spite. [Obs.]
If he evade us there, Enforce him with his envy to the people. Shak.

2. Chagrin, mortification, discontent, or uneasiness at the sight of
another's excellence or good fortune, accompanied with some degree of
hatred and a desire to possess equal advantages; malicious grudging;
-- usually followed by of; as, they did this in envy of Cæsar.
Envy is a repining at the prosperity or good of another, or anger and
displeasure at any good of another which we want, or any advantage
another hath above us. Ray.
No bliss Enjoyed by us excites his envy more. Milton.
Envy, to which the ignoble mind's a slave, Is emulation in the
learned or brave. Pope.

3. Emulation; rivalry. [Obs.]
Such as cleanliness and decency Prompt to a virtuous envy. Ford.

4. Public odium; ill repute. [Obs.]
To lay the envy of the war upon Cicero. B. Jonson.

5. An object of envious notice or feeling.
This constitution in former days used to be the envy of the world.
Macaulay.

ENVY
En"vy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Envied; p. pr. & vb. n. Envying.] Etym:
[F. envier.]

1. To feel envy at or towards; to be envious of; to have a feeling of
uneasiness or mortification in regard to (any one), arising from the
sight of another's excellence or good fortune and a longing to
possess it.
A woman does not envy a man for his fighting courage, nor a man a
woman for her beauty. Collier.
Whoever envies another confesses his superiority. Rambler.

2. To feel envy on account of; to have a feeling of grief or
repining, with a longing to possess (some excellence or good fortune
of another, or an equal good fortune, etc.); to look with grudging
upon; to begrudge.
I have seen thee fight, When I have envied thy behavior. Shak.
Jeffrey . . . had actually envied his friends their cool mountain
breezes. Froude.

3. To long after; to desire strongly; to covet.
Or climb his knee the envied kiss to share. T. Gray.

4. To do harm to; to injure; to disparage. [Obs.]
If I make a lie To gain your love and envy my best mistress, Put me
against a wall. J. Fletcher.

5. To hate. [Obs.] Marlowe.

6. To emulate. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENVY
En"vy, v. i.

1. To be filled with envious feelings; to regard anything with
grudging and longing eyes; -- used especially with at.
Who would envy at the prosperity of the wicked Jer. Taylor.

2. To show malice or ill will; to rail. [Obs.] "He has . . . envied
against the people." Shak.

ENVYNED
En*vyned", a. Etym: [OF. enviner to store with wine; pref. en- (L.
in) + vin wine. See Vine.]

Defn: Stored or furnished with wine. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ENWALL
En*wall", v. t.

Defn: See Inwall. Sir P. Sidney.

ENWALLOW
En*wal"low, v. t.

Defn: To plunge into, or roll in, flith; to wallow.
So now all three one senseless lump remain, Enwallowed in his own
black bloody gore. Spenser.

ENWHEEL
En*wheel", v. t.

Defn: To encircle. Shak.

ENWIDEN
En*wid"en, v. t.

Defn: To widen. [Obs.]

ENWIND
En*wind", v. t.

Defn: To wind about; to encircle.
In the circle of his arms Enwound us both. Tennyson.

ENWOMAN
En*wom"an, v. t.

Defn: To endow with the qualities of a woman. [R.] Daniel.

ENWOMB
En*womb", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enwombed; p. pr. & vb. n. Enwombing.]

1. To conceive in the womb. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To bury, as it were in a womb; to hide, as in a gulf, pit, or
cavern. Donne.

ENWRAP
En*wrap", v. t.

Defn: To envelop. See Inwrap.

ENWRAPMENT
En*wrap"ment, n.

Defn: Act of enwrapping; a wrapping or an envelope. Shuckford.

ENWREATHE
En*wreathe", v. t.

Defn: See Inwreathe. Shelton.

ENZOOTIC; ENZOOETIC
En`zo*öt"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. enzoötique.]

Defn: Afflicting animals; -- used of a disease affecting the animals
of a district. It corresponds to an endemic disease among men.

ENZYME
En"zyme, n. Etym: [Pref. en- (Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An unorganized or unformed ferment, in distinction from an
organized or living ferment; a soluble, or chemical, ferment.
Ptyalin, pepsin, diastase, and rennet are good examples of enzymes.

EOCENE
E"o*cene, a. Etym: [Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: Pertaining to the first in time of the three subdivisions into
which the Tertiary formation is divided by geologists, and alluding
to the approximation in its life to that of the present era; as,
Eocene deposits.
 -- n.

Defn: The Eocene formation. Lyell.

EOLIAN
E*o"li*an, a. Etym: [See Æolian.]

1. Æolian.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Formed, or deposited, by the action of wind, as dunes. Eolian
attachment, Eolian harp. See Æolian.

EOLIC
E*ol"ic, a. & n.

Defn: See Æolic.

EOLIPILE
E*ol"i*pile, n. Etym: [Cf. F. éolipyle.]

Defn: Same as Æolipile.

EOLIS
E"o*lis, n. Etym: [L. Aeolis a daughter of Æolus, Gr. A'ioli`s.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of nudibranch mollusks having clusters of branchial
papillæ along the back. See Ceratobranchia. [Written also Æolis.]

EON; AEON
E"on, Æ"on, n. Etym: [L. aeon, fr. Gr. a'iwn space or period of time,
lifetime, age; akin to L. aevum. See Age.]

1. An immeasurable or infinite space of time; eternity; a long space
of time; an age.
The eons of geological time. Huxley.

2. (Gnostic Philos.)

Defn: One of the embodiments of the divine attributes of the Eternal
Being.
Among the higher Æons are Mind, Reason, Power, Truth, and Life. Am.
Cyc.

Note: Eons were considered to be emanations sent forth by God from
the depths of His grand solitude to fulfill various functions in the
material and spiritual universe.

EOPHYTE
E"o*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil plant which is found in the lowest beds of the
Silurian age.

EOPHYTIC
E`o*phyt"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to eophytes.

EOS
E"os, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. 'Hw`s.] (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: Aurora, the goddess of morn.

EOSAURUS
E`o*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. 'hw`s dawn + say^ros lizard.]
(Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct marine reptile from the coal measures of Nova
Scotia; -- so named because supposed to be of the earliest known
reptiles.

EOSIN
E"o*sin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow or brownish red dyestuff obtained by the action of
bromine on fluoresceïn, and named from the fine rose-red which it
imparts to silk. It is also used for making a fine red ink. Its
solution is fluorescent.

EOSPHORITE
E*os"pho*rite, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous phosphate of alumina and manganese. It is generally
of a rose-pink color, -- whence the name.

EOZOIC
E`o*zo"ic, a. Etym: [See Eozoön.] (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to rocks or strata older than the Paleozoic,
in many of which the eozoön has been found.

Note: This term has been proposed for the strata formerly called
Azoic, and is preferred especially by those geologists who regard the
eozoön as of organic origin. See Archæan.

EOZOON; EOZOOEN
E`o*zo"ön, n.; pl. Eozoöns, L. Eozoa. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. 'hw`s dawn
+ zw^,on an animal.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A peculiar structure found in the Archæan limestones of Canada
and other regions. By some geologists it is believed to be a species
of gigantic Foraminifera, but others consider it a concretion,
without organic structure.

EOZOONAL; EOZOOENAL
E`o*zo"ön*al, a. (Paleon.)

Defn: Pertaining to the eozoön; containing eozoöns; as, eozoönal
limestone.

EP-
Ep-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: See Epi-.

EPACRIS
Ep"a*cris, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs, natives of Australia, New Zealand, etc.,
having pretty white, red, or purple blossoms, and much resembling
heaths.

EPACT
E"pact, n. Etym: [F. épacte, fr. Gr. Epi-, and Act.] (Chron.)

Defn: The moon's age at the beginning of the calendar year, or the
number of days by which the last new moon has preceded the beginning
of the year. Annual epact, the excess of the solar year over the
lunar year, -- being eleven days.
 -- Menstrual epact, or Monthly epact, the excess of a calendar month
over a lunar.

EPAGOGE
Ep`a*go"ge, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. Epact.] (Logic)

Defn: The adducing of particular examples so as to lead to a
universal conclusion; the argument by induction.

EPAGOGIC
Ep`a*gog"ic, a.

Defn: Inductive. Latham.

EPALATE
E*pal"ate, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + palpus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without palpi.

EPANADIPLOSIS
Ep*an`a*di*plo"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which the same word is used both at the beginning
and at the end of a sentence; as, "Rejoice in the Lord always: and
again I say, Rejoice." Phil. iv. 4.

EPANALEPSIS
Ep*an`a*lep"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which the same word or clause is repeated after
intervening matter. Gibbs.

EPANAPHORA
Ep`a*naph"o*ra, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: Same as Anaphora. Gibbs.

EPANASTROPHE
Ep`a*nas"tro*phe, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: Same as Anadiplosis. Gibbs.

EPANODOS
E*pan"o*dos, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech in which the parts of a sentence or clause
are repeated in inverse order, as in the following: --
O more exceeding love, or law more just Just law, indeed, but more
exceeding love! Milton.

EPANODY
E*pan"o*dy, n. Etym: [See Epanodos.] (Bot.)

Defn: The abnormal change of an irregular flower to a regular form; -
- considered by evolutionists to be a reversion to an ancestral
condition.

EPANORTHOSIS
Ep`an*or*tho"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A figure by which a speaker recalls a word or words, in order
to substitute something else stronger or more significant; as, Most
brave! Brave, did I say most heroic act!

EPANTHOUS
Ep*an"thous, a. Etym: [Pref. ep- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing upon flowers; -- said of certain species of fungi.

EPARCH
Ep"arch, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: In ancient Greece, the governor or perfect of a province; in
modern Greece, the ruler of an eparchy.

EPARCHY
Ep"arch*y, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A province, prefecture, or territory, under the jurisdiction of
an eparch or governor; esp., in modern Greece, one of the larger
subdivisions of a monarchy or province of the kingdom; in Russia, a
diocese or archdiocese.

EPARTERIAL
Ep`ar*te"ri*al, a. Etym: [Pref. ep- + arterial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated upon or above an artery; -- applied esp. to the
branches of the bronchi given off above the point where the pulmonary
artery crosses the bronchus.

EPAULE
E*paule", n. Etym: [F. épaule shoulder, shoulder of a bastion. See
Epaulet, and cf. Spall the shoulder.] (Fort.)

Defn: The shoulder of a bastion, or the place where its face and
flank meet and form the angle, called the angle of the shoulder.

EPAULEMENT
E*paule"ment, n. Etym: [F. épaulement.] (Fort.)

Defn: A side work, made of gabions, fascines, or bags, filled with
earth, or of earth heaped up, to afford cover from the flanking fire
of an enemy.

EPAULET; EPAULETTE
Ep"au*let`, Ep"au*lette`, n. Etym: [F. épaulette, dim. of épaule
shoulder, fr. L. spatula a broad piece (LL., shoulder), dim. of
spatha abroad, flat instrument, fr. Gr. Spade the instrument, and cf.
Epaule, Spatula.] (Mil.)

Defn: A shoulder ornament or badge worn by military and naval
officers, differences of rank being marked by some peculiar form or
device, as a star, eagle, etc.; a shoulder knot.

Note: In the United States service the epaulet is reserved for full
dress uniform. Its use was abolished in the British army in 1855.

EPAULETED; EPAULETTED
Ep"au*let`ed, Ep"au*let`ted, a.

Defn: Wearing epaulets; decorated with epaulets.

EPAXIAL
Ep*ax"i*al, a. Etym: [Pref. ep- + axial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Above, or on the dorsal side of, the axis of the skeleton;
episkeletal.

EPEIRA
E*pei"ra, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of spiders, including the common garden spider (E.
diadema). They spin geometrical webs. See Garden spider.

EPEN
Ep"en, n. (Anat.)

Defn: See Epencephalon.

EPENCEPHALIC
Ep`en*ce*phal"ic, a. (Anat.)
(a) Pertaining to the epencephalon.
(b) Situated on or over the brain.

EPENCEPHALON
Ep`en*ceph"a*lon, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The segment of the brain next behind the midbrain, including
the cerebellum and pons; the hindbrain. Sometimes abbreviated to
epen.

EPENDYMA
Ep*en"dy*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The epithelial lining of the ventricles of the brain and the
canal of the spinal cord; endyma; ependymis.

EPENDYMIS
Ep*en"dy*mis, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Ependyma.

EPENETIC
Ep`e*net"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Bestowing praise; eulogistic; laudatory. [Obs.] E. Phillips.

EPENTHESIS
E*pen"the*sis, n.; pl. Epentheses. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: The insertion of a letter or a sound in the body of a word; as,
the b in "nimble" from AS. nemol.

EPENTHETIC
Ep`en*thet"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. épenthétique.] (Gram.)

Defn: Inserted in the body of a word; as, an epenthetic letter or
sound.

EPERGNE
É`pergne", n. Etym: [F. épargne a sparing or saving; a treasury. "Our
épergne is a little treasury of sweetmeats, fruits, and flowers."
Brewer.]

Defn: A centerpiece for table decoration, usually consisting of
several dishes or receptacles of different sizes grouped together in
an ornamental design.

EPERLAN
É`per`lan", n. Etym: [F. éperlan, fr. G. spierling. See Sparling.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus).

EPEXEGESIS
Ep*ex`e*ge"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Exegesis.]

Defn: A full or additional explanation; exegesis.

EPEXEGETICAL
Ep*ex`e*get"ic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to epexegesis; explanatory; exegetical.

EPHAH; EPHA
E"phah, or E"pha, n. Etym: [Heb.

Defn: A Hebrew dry measure, supposed to be equal to two pecks and
five quarts. ten ephahs make one homer.

EPHEMERA
E*phem"e*ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: A fever of one day's continuance only.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of insects including the day flies, or ephemeral flies.
See Ephemeral fly, under Ephemeral.

EPHEMERAL
E*phem"er*al, a.

1. Beginning and ending in a day; existing only, or no longer than, a
day; diurnal; as, an ephemeral flower.

2. Short-lived; existing or continuing for a short time only.
"Ephemeral popularity." V. Knox.
Sentences not of ephemeral, but of eternal, efficacy. Sir J. Stephen.
Ephemeral fly (Zoöl.), one of a group of neuropterous insects,
belonging to the genus Ephemera and many allied genera, which live in
the adult or winged state only for a short time. The larvæ are
aquatic; -- called also day fly and May fly.

EPHEMERAL
E*phem"er*al, n.

Defn: Anything lasting but a day, or a brief time; an ephemeral
plant, insect, etc.

EPHEMERAN
E*phem"er*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the ephemeral flies.

EPHEMERIC
E*phem"e*ric, a.

Defn: Ephemeral.

EPHEMERIS
E*phem"e*ris, n.; pl. Ephemerides. Etym: [L., a diary, Gr. Ephemera.]

1. A diary; a journal. Johnson.

2. (Anat.)
(a) A publication giving the computed places of the heavenly bodies
for each day of the year, with other numerical data, for the use of
the astronomer and navigator; an astronomical almanac; as, the
"American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac."
(b) Any tabular statement of the assigned places of a heavenly body,
as a planet or comet, on several successive days.

3. (Literature)

Defn: A collective name for reviews, magazines, and all kinds of
periodical literature. Brande & C.

EPHEMERIST
E*phem"er*ist, n.

1. One who studies the daily motions and positions of the planets.
Howell.

2. One who keeps an ephemeris; a journalist.

EPHEMERON
E*phem"e*ron, n.; pl. Ephemera. Etym: [NL. See Ephemera.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the ephemeral flies.

EPHEMEROUS
E*phem"er*ous, a.

Defn: Ephemeral. [R.] Burke.

EPHESIAN
E*phe"sian, a. Etym: [L. Ephesius: cf. F. éphésien.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Ephesus, an ancient city of Ionia, in Asia
Minor.

EPHESIAN
E*phe"sian, n.

1. A native of Ephesus.

2. A jolly companion; a roisterer. [Obs.] Shak.

EPHIALTES
Eph`i*al"tes, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: The nightmare. Brande & C.

EPHIPPIAL
E*phip"pi*al, a.

Defn: Saddle-shaped; occupying an ephippium. Dana.

EPHIPPIUM
E*phip"pi*um, n. Etym: [L., saddle cloth, fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A depression in the sphenoid bone; the pituitary fossa.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A saddle-shaped cavity to contain the winter eggs, situated on
the back of Cladocera.

EPHOD
Eph"od, n. Etym: [Heb. aphad to put on.] (Jew. Antiq.)

Defn: A part of the sacerdotal habit among Jews, being a covering for
the back and breast, held together on the shoulders by two clasps or
brooches of onyx stones set in gold, and fastened by a girdle of the
same stuff as the ephod. The ephod for the priests was of plain
linen; that for the high priest was richly embroidered in colors. The
breastplate of the high priest was worn upon the ephod in front.
Exodus xxviii. 6-12.

EPHOR
Eph"or, n.; pl. Ephors, L. Ephori. Etym: [L. ephorus, Gr. éphore.]
(Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A magistrate; one of a body of five magistrates chosen by the
people of ancient Sparta. They exercised control even over the king.

EPHORAL
Eph"or*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an ephor.

EPHORALTY
Eph"or*al*ty, n.

Defn: The office of an ephor, or the body of ephors.

EPHRAIM
E"phra*im, n. Etym: [The proper name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hunter's name for the grizzly bear.

EPHYRA
Eph"y*ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stage in the development of discophorous medusæ, when they
first begin to swim about after being detached from the strobila. See
Strobila.

EPI-
Ep"i-. Etym: [Gr. api besides, and prob. to L. ob to, before, on
account of, and perh. to E. of, off.]

Defn: A prefix, meaning upon, beside, among, on the outside, above,
over. It becomes ep- before a vowel, as in epoch, and eph- before a
Greek aspirate, as in ephemeral.

EPIBLAST
Ep"i*blast, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + -blast.] (Biol.)

Defn: The outer layer of the blastoderm; the ectoderm. See
Blastoderm, Delamination.

EPIBLASTIC
Ep`i*blas"tic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or relating to, or consisting of, the epiblast.

EPIBLEMA
Ep`i*ble"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The epidermal cells of rootlets, specially adapted to absorb
liquids. Goodale.

EPIBOLIC
Ep`i*bol"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Growing or covering over; -- said of a kind of invagination.
See under Invagination.

EPIBOLY
E*pib"o*ly, n. Etym: [Cf. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Epibolic invagination. See under Invagination.

EPIBRANCHIAL
Ep`i*bran"chi*al, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + branchial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the segment between the ceratobranchial and
pharyngobranchial in a branchial arch.
 -- n.

Defn: An epibranchial cartilage or bone.

EPIC
Ep"ic, a. Etym: [L. epicus, Gr. vox voice: cf. F. épique. See Voice.]

Defn: Narrated in a grand style; pertaining to or designating a kind
of narrative poem, usually called an heroic poem, in which real or
fictitious events, usually the achievements of some hero, are
narrated in an elevated style.
The epic poem treats of one great, complex action, in a grand style
and with fullness of detail. T. Arnold.

EPIC
Ep"ic, n.

Defn: An epic or heroic poem. See Epic, a.

EPICAL
Ep"ic*al (, a.

Defn: Epic.
 -- Ep"ic*al*ly, adv.
Poems which have an epical character. Brande & C.
His [Wordsworth's] longer poems (miscalled epical). Lowell.

EPICARDIAC
Ep`i*car"di*ac, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or relating to the epicardium.

EPICARDIUM
Ep`i*car"di*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: That of the pericardium which forms the outer surface of the
heart; the cardiac pericardium.

EPICARICAN
Ep`i*car"i*can, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An isopod crustacean, parasitic on shrimps.

EPICARP
Ep"i*carp, Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The external or outermost layer of a fructified or ripened
ovary. See Illust. under Endocarp.

EPICEDE
Ep"i*cede, n. Etym: [L. epicedion, Gr. épicède.]

Defn: A funeral song or discourse; an elegy. [R.] Donne.

EPICEDIAL
Ep`i*ce"di*al, a.

Defn: Elegiac; funereal.

EPICEDIAN
Ep`i*ce"di*an, a.

Defn: Epicedial.
 -- n.

Defn: An epicede.

EPICEDIUM
Ep`i*ce"di*um, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: An epicede.

EPICENE
Ep"i*cene, a. & n. Etym: [L. epicoenus, Gr. épicène.]

1. Common to both sexes; -- a term applied, in grammar, to such nouns
as have but one form of gender, either the masculine or feminine, to
indicate animals of both sexes; as bos, for the ox and cow; sometimes
applied to eunuchs and hermaphrodites.

2. Fig.: Sexless; neither one thing nor the other.
The literary prigs epicene. Prof. Wilson.
He represented an epicene species, neither churchman nor layman. J.
A. Symonds.

EPICENTRAL
Ep`i*cen"tral, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + centrum.] (Anat.)

Defn: Arising from the centrum of a vertebra. Owen.

EPICERASTIC
Ep`i*ce*ras"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. épicérastique.] (Med.)

Defn: Lenient; assuaging. [Obs.]

EPICHIREMA
Ep`i*chi*re"ma, n.; pl. Epichiremata. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet. &
Logic)

Defn: A syllogism in which the proof of the major or minor premise,
or both, is introduced with the premises themselves, and the
conclusion is derived in the ordinary manner. [Written also
epicheirema.]

EPICHORDAL
Ep`i*chor"dal, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + chordal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Upon or above the notochord; -- applied esp. to a vertebral
column which develops upon the dorsal side of the notochord, as
distinguished from a perichordal column, which develops around it.

EPICHORIAL
Ep`i*cho"ri*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: In or of the country. [R.]
Epichorial superstitions from every district of Europe. De Quincey.

EPICLEIDIUM
Ep`i*clei"di*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A projection, formed by a separate ossification, at the
scapular end of the clavicle of many birds.

EPICLINAL
Ep`i*cli"nal, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Situated on the receptacle or disk of a flower.

EPICOELE; EPICELE
Ep"i*coele, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A cavity formed by the invagination of the outer wall of the
body, as the atrium of an amphioxus and possibly the body cavity of
vertebrates.

EPICOENE
Ep"i*coene, a.

Defn: Epicene. [R.] Hadley.

EPICOLIC
Ep`i*col"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated upon or over the colon; -- applied to the region of
the abdomen adjacent to the colon.

EPICONDYLAR
Ep`i*con"dy*lar, n. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, an epicondyle.

EPICONDYLE
Ep`i*con"dyle, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + condyle.] (Anat.)

Defn: A projection on the inner side of the distal end of the
numerus; the internal condyle.

EPICORACOID
Ep`i*cor"a*coid, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + coracoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: A ventral cartilaginous or bony element of the coracoid in the
shoulder girdle of some vertebrates.

EPICRANIAL
Ep`i*cra"ni*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the epicranium; as epicranial muscles.

EPICRANIUM
Ep`i*cra"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Epi-, and Cranium.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The upper and superficial part of the head, including the
scalp, muscles, etc.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dorsal wall of the head of insects.

EPICTETAIN; EPICTETIAN
Ep`ic*te"tain, Ep`ic*te"tian, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to Epictetus, the Roman Stoic philosopher, whose
conception of life was to be passionless under whatever
circumstances.

EPICURE
Ep"i*cure, n. Etym: [L. Epicurus, Gr.

1. A follower of Epicurus; an Epicurean. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. One devoted to dainty or luxurious sensual enjoyments, esp. to the
luxuries of the table.

Syn.
 -- Voluptuary; sensualist.

EPICUREAN
Ep`i*cu*re"an, a. Etym: [L. Epicureus, Gr. épicurien.]

1. Pertaining to Epicurus, or following his philosophy. "The sect
Epicurean." Milton.

2. Given to luxury; adapted to luxurious tastes; luxurious;
pertaining to good eating.
Courses of the most refined and epicurean dishes. Prescott.
Epicurean philosophy. See Atomic philosophy, under Atomic.

EPICUREAN
Ep`i*cu*re"an, n.

1. A follower or Epicurus.

2. One given to epicurean indulgence.

EPICUREANISM
Ep`i*cu*re"an*ism, n.

Defn: Attachment to the doctrines of Epicurus; the principles or
belief of Epicurus.

EPICURELY
Ep"i*cure`ly, adv.

Defn: Luxuriously. Nash.

EPICUREOUS
Ep`i*cu*re"ous, a.

Defn: Epicurean. [Obs.]

EPICURISM
Ep"i*cu*rism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. épicurisme.]

1. The doctrines of Epicurus.

2. Epicurean habits of living; luxury.

EPICURIZE
Ep"i*cu*rize, v. i.

1. To profess or tend towards the doctrines of Epicurus. Cudworth.

2. To feed or indulge like an epicure. Fuller.

EPICYCLE
Ep"i*cy`cle, n. Etym: [L. epicyclus, Gr. Cycle.]

1. (Ptolemaic Astron.)

Defn: A circle, whose center moves round in the circumference of a
greater circle; or a small circle, whose center, being fixed in the
deferent of a planet, is carried along with the deferent, and yet, by
its own peculiar motion, carries the body of the planet fastened to
it round its proper center.
The schoolmen were like astronomers which did feign eccentries, and
epicycles, and such engines of orbs. Bacon.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A circle which rolls on the circumference of another circle,
either externally or internally.

EPICYCLIC
Ep`i*cyc"lic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, resembling, or having the motion of, an
epicycle. Epicyclic train (Mach.), a train of mechanism in which
epicyclic motion is involved; esp., a train of spur wheels, bevel
wheels, or belt pulleys, in which an arm, carrying one or more of the
wheels, sweeps around a center lying in an axis common to the other
wheels.

EPICYCLOID
Ep`i*cy"cloid, n. Etym: [Epicycle + -oid: cf. F. épicycloïde.]
(Geom.)

Defn: A curve traced by a point in the circumference of a circle
which rolls on the convex side of a fixed circle.

Note: Any point rigidly connected with the rolling circle, but not in
its circumference, traces a curve called an epitrochoid. The curve
traced by a point in the circumference of the rolling circle when it
rolls on the concave side of a fixed circle is called a hypocycloid;
the curve traced by a point rigidly connected with the rolling circle
in this case, but not its circumference, is called a hypotrochoid.
All the curves mentioned above belong to the class class called
roulettes or trochoids. See Trochoid.

EPICYCLOIDAL
Ep`i*cy*cloid"al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the epicycloid, or having its properties.
Epicycloidal wheel, a device for producing straight-line motion from
circular motion, on the principle that a pin fastened in the
periphery of a gear wheel will describe a straight line when the
wheel rolls around inside a fixed internal gear of twice its
diameter.

EPIDEICTIC
Ep`i*deic"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. Epidictic.]

Defn: Serving to show forth, explain, or exhibit; -- applied by the
Greeks to a kind of oratory, which, by full amplification, seeks to
persuade.

EPIDEMIC; EPIDEMICAL
Ep`i*dem"ic, Ep`i*dem"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. epidemus, Gr. épidémique.
Cf. Demagogue.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Common to, or affecting at the same time, a large number in a
community; -- applied to a disease which, spreading widely, attacks
many persons at the same time; as, an epidemic disease; an epidemic
catarrh, fever, etc. See Endemic.

2. Spreading widely, or generally prevailing; affecting great
numbers, as an epidemic does; as, epidemic rage; an epidemic evil.
It was the epidemical sin of the nation. Bp. Burnet.

EPIDEMIC
Ep`i*dem"ic, n. Etym: [Cf. Epidemy.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: An epidemic disease.

2. Anything which takes possession of the minds of people as an
epidemic does of their bodies; as, an epidemic of terror.

EPIDEMICALLY
Ep`i*dem"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an epidemic manner.

EPIDEMIOGRAPHY
Ep`i*de`mi*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Epidemy + -graphy.] (Med.)

Defn: A treatise upon, or history of, epidemic diseases.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
Ep`i*de`mi*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Connected with, or pertaining to, epidemiology.

EPIDEMIOLOGIST
Ep`i*de`mi*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: A person skilled in epidemiology.

EPIDEMIOLOGY
Ep`i*de`mi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Epidemy + -logy.] (Med.)

Defn: That branch of science which treats of epidemics.

EPIDEMY
Ep"i*dem`y, n. Etym: [Gr. épidémie. See Epidemic.] (Med.)

Defn: An epidemic disease. Dunglison.

EPIDERM
Ep"i*derm, n. Etym: [Cf. F. épiderme. See Epidermis.] (Anat.)

Defn: The epidermis.

EPIDERMAL
Ep`i*der"mal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the epidermis; epidermic; cuticular.

EPIDERMATIC
Ep`i*der*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Epidermal. [R.]

EPIDERMATOID
Ep`i*der"ma*toid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid. Cf. Epidermoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Epidermoid. Owen.

EPIDERMEOUS
Ep`i*der"me*ous, a.

Defn: Epidermal. [R.]

EPIDERMIC
Ep`i*der"mic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. épidermique.]

Defn: Epidermal; connected with the skin or the bark. Epidermic
administration of medicine (Med.), the application of medicine to the
skin by friction.

EPIDERMICAL
Ep`i*der"mic*al, a.

Defn: Epidermal. [R.]

EPIDERMIDAL
Ep`i*der"mi*dal, a.

Defn: Epidermal. [R.]

EPIDERMIS
Ep`i*der"mis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Tear, v. t.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The outer, nonsensitive layer of the skin; cuticle; scarfskin.
See Dermis.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The outermost layer of the cells, which covers both surfaces of
leaves, and also the surface of stems, when they are first formed. As
stems grow old this layer is lost, and never replaced.

EPIDERMOID
Ep`i*der"moid, a. Etym: [Cf. F. épidermoïde.] (Anat.)

Defn: Like epidermis; pertaining to the epidermis.

EPIDERMOSE
Ep`i*der"mose, n. Etym: [See Epidermis.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Keratin.

EPIDICTIC; EPIDICTICAL
Ep`i*dic"tic, Ep`i*dic"tic*al, a. Etym: [L. epidictius. See
Epideictic.]

Defn: Serving to explain; demonstrative.

EPIDIDYMIS
Ep`i*did"y*mis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: An oblong vermiform mass on the dorsal side of the testicle,
composed of numerous convolutions of the excretory duct of that
organ.
 -- Ep`i*did"y*mal, a.

EPIDIDYMITIS
Ep`i*did`y*mi"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Epididymis, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the epididymis, one of the common results of
gonorrhea.

EPIDOTE
Ep"i*dote, n. Etym: [Gr. épidote. So named from the enlargement of
the base of the primary, in some of the secondary forms.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral, commonly of a yellowish green (pistachio) color,
occurring granular, massive, columnar, and in monoclinic crystals. It
is a silicate of alumina, lime, and oxide of iron, or manganese.

Note: The Epidote group includes ordinary epidote, zoisite or lime
epidote, piedmontite or manganese epidote, allanite or serium
epidote.

EPIDOTIC
Ep`i*dot"ic,, a.

Defn: Related to, resembling, or containing epidote; as, an epidotic
granite.

EPIGAEA
Ep`i*gæ"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: An American genus of plants, containing but a single species
(E. repens), the trailing arbutus.

EPIGAEOUS
Ep`i*gæ"ous, a. Etym: [Gr. Epigæa, and cf. Epigee.] (Bot.)

Defn: Growing on, or close to, the ground.

EPIGASTRIAL
Ep`i*gas"tri*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Epigastric.

EPIGASTRIC
Ep`i*gas"tric, a. Etym: [Gr. épigastrique.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the epigastrium, or to the epigastric region.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Over the stomach; -- applied to two of the areas of the
carapace of crabs. Epigastric region. (Anat.) (a) The whole upper
part of the abdomen. (b) An arbitrary division of the abdomen above
the umbilical and between the two hypochondriac regions.

EPIGASTRIUM
Ep`i*gas"tri*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The upper part of the abdomen.

EPIGEAL
Ep`i*ge"al, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Epigæous. [R.]

EPIGEE
Ep"i*gee, n. Etym: [NL. epigeum, fr. Gr. Epigæa.]

Defn: See Perigee. [Obs.]

EPIGENE
Ep"i*gene, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr.

1. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Foreign; unnatural; unusual; -- said of forms of crystals not
natural to the substances in which they are found.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Formed originating on the surface of the earth; -- opposed to
hypogene; as, epigene rocks.

EPIGENESIS
Ep`i*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: The theory of generation which holds that the germ is created
entirely new, not merely expanded, by the procreative power of the
parents. It is opposed to the theory of evolution, also to
syngenesis.

EPIGENESIST
Ep`i*gen"e*sist, n. (Biol.)

Defn: One who believes in, or advocates the theory of, epigenesis.

EPIGENETIC
Ep`i*ge*net"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the epigenesis; produced according to the
theory of epigenesis.

EPIGEOUS
Ep`i*ge"ous, a.

Defn: Same as Epigæous.

EPIGEUM
Ep*i*ge"um, n. Etym: [NL. See Epigee.]

Defn: See Perigee. [Obs.]

EPIGLOTTIC
Ep`i*glot"tic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or connected with, the epiglottis.

EPIGLOTTIDEAN
Ep`i*glot*tid"e*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Epiglottic.

EPIGLOTTIS
Ep`i*glot"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Glottis.] (Anat.)

Defn: A cartilaginous lidlike appendage which closes the glottis
while food or drink is passing while food or drink is passing through
the pharynx.

EPIGNATHOUS
E*pig"na*thous, a. Etym: [Epi- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Hook-billed; having the upper mandible longer than the lower.

EPIGRAM
Ep"i*gram, n. Etym: [L. epigramma, fr. Gr. épigramme. See Graphic.]

1. A short poem treating concisely and pointedly of a single thought
or event. The modern epigram is so contrived as to surprise the
reader with a witticism or ingenious turn of thought, and is often
satirical in character.
Dost thou think I care for a satire or an epigram Shak.

Note: Epigrams were originally inscription on tombs, statues,
temples, triumphal arches, etc.

2. An effusion of wit; a bright thought tersely and sharply
expressed, whether in verse or prose.

3. The style of the epigram.
Antithesis, i. e., bilateral stroke, is the soul of epigram in its
later and technical signification. B. Cracroft.

EPIGRAMMATIC; EPIGRAMMATICAL
Ep`i*gram*mat"ic, Ep`i*gram*mat"ic*al,Etym: [L. epigrammaticus: cf.
F. épigrammatique.]

1. Writing epigrams; dealing in epigrams; as, an epigrammatical poet.

2. Suitable to epigrams; belonging to epigrams; like an epigram;
pointed; piquant; as, epigrammatic style, wit, or sallies of fancy.

EPIGRAMMATICALLY
Ep`i*gram*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the way of epigram; in an epigrammatic style.

EPIGRAMMATIST
Ep`i*gram"ma*tist, n. Etym: [L. epigrammatista: cf. F.
épigrammatiste.]

Defn: One who composes epigrams, or makes use of them.
The brisk epigrammatist showing off his own cleverness. Holmes.

EPIGRAMMATIZE
Ep`i*gram"ma*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Epigrammatized; p. pr. & vb.
n. Epigrammatizing.]

Defn: To represent by epigrams; to express by epigrams.

EPIGRAMMATIZER
Ep`i*gram"ma*ti`zer, n.

Defn: One who writes in an affectedly pointed style.
Epigrammatizers of our English prose style. Coleridge.

EPIGRAMMIST
Ep"i*gram`mist, n.

Defn: An epigrammatist. Jer. Taylor.

EPIGRAPH
Ep"i*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. épigraphe. See Epigram.]

1. Any inscription set upon a building; especially, one which has to
do with the building itself, its founding or dedication.

2. (Literature)

Defn: A citation from some author, or a sentence framed for the
purpose, placed at the beginning of a work or of its separate
divisions; a motto.

EPIGRAPHIC; EPIGRAPHICAL
Ep`i*graph"ic, Ep`i*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to epigraphs or to epigraphy; as, an
epigraphic style; epigraphical works or studies.

EPIGRAPHICS
Ep`i*graph"ics, n.

Defn: The science or study of epigraphs.

EPIGRAPHIST
E*pig"ra*phist, n.

Defn: A student of, or one versed in, epigraphy.

EPIGRAPHY
E*pig"ra*phy, n.

Defn: The science of inscriptions; the art of engraving inscriptions
or of deciphering them.

EPIGYNOUS
E*pig"y*nous, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. épigyne.] (Bot.)

Defn: Adnate to the surface of the ovary, so as to be apparently
inserted upon the top of it; -- said of stamens, petals, sepals, and
also of the disk.

EPIHYAL
Ep`i*hy"al, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + the Greek letter (Anat.)

Defn: A segment next above the ceratohyal in the hyoidean arch.

EPILEPSY
Ep"i*lep`sy, n. Etym: [L. epilepsia, Gr. épilepsie. Cf. Catalepsy.]
(Med.)

Defn: The "falling sickness," so called because the patient falls
suddenly to the ground; a disease characterized by paroxysms (or
fits) occurring at interval and attended by sudden loss of
consciousness, and convulsive motions of the muscles. Dunglison.

EPILEPTIC
Ep`i*lep"tic, a. Etym: [L. epilepticus, Gr. épileptique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, affected with, or of the nature of, epilepsy.

EPILEPTIC
Ep`i*lep"tic, n.

1. One affected with epilepsy.

2. A medicine for the cure of epilepsy.

EPILEPTICAL
Ep`i*lep"tic*al, a.

Defn: Epileptic.

EPILEPTIFORM
Ep`i*lep"ti*form, a.

Defn: Resembling epilepsy.

EPILEPTOGENOUS
Ep`i*lep*tog"e*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. -genous.] (Med.)

Defn: Producing epilepsy or epileptoid convulsions; -- applied to
areas of the body or of the nervous system, stimulation of which
produces convulsions.

EPILEPTOID
Ep`i*lep"toid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Med.)

Defn: Resembling epilepsy; as, epileptoid convulsions.

EPILOGATION
Ep`i*lo*ga"tion, n. Etym: [LL. epilogatio.]

Defn: A summing up in a brief account. [Obs.] Udall.

EPILOGIC; EPILOGICAL
Ep`i*log"ic, Ep`i*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an epilogue.

EPILOGISM
E*pil"o*gism, n. Etym: [Gr. Epilogue.]

Defn: Enumeration; computation. [R.] J. Gregory.

EPILOGISTIC
Ep`i*lo*gis"tic, a. Etym: [Cf. Gr. Epilogism.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to epilogue; of the nature of an epilogue. T.
Warton.

EPILOGIZE
E*pil"o*gize, v. i. & t. Etym: [See Epilogism.]

Defn: To speak an epilogue to; to utter as an epilogue.

EPILOGUE
Ep"i*logue, n. Etym: [F. épilogue, L. epilogus, fr. Gr. Legend.]

1. (Drama)

Defn: A speech or short poem addressed to the spectators and recited
by one of the actors, after the conclusion of the play.
A good play no epilogue, yet . . . good plays prove the better by the
help of good epilogues. Shak.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: The closing part of a discourse, in which the principal matters
are recapitulated; a conclusion.

EPILOGUIZE
Ep"i*lo*guize, v. i. & t.

Defn: Same as Epilogize.

EPIMACHUS
E*pim"a*chus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of highly ornate and brilliantly colored birds of
Australia, allied to the birds of Paradise.

EPIMERA
E*pim"e*ra, n. pl.

Defn: See Epimeron.

EPIMERAL
E*pim"e*ral, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the epimera.

EPIMERE
Ep"i*mere, n. Etym: [Epi- + -mere.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of the segments of the transverse axis, or the so called
homonymous parts; as, for example, one of the several segments of the
extremities in vertebrates, or one of the similar segments in plants,
such as the segments of a segmented leaf. Syd. Soc. Lex.

EPIMERON
E*pim"e*ron, n.; pl. Epimera. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) In crustaceans: The part of the side of a somite external to the
basal joint of each appendage. See Illust. under Crustacea.
(b) In insects: The lateral piece behind the episternum. [Written
also epimerum.]

EPINASTIC
Ep`i*nas"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A term applied to that phase of vegetable growth in which an
organ grows more rapidly on its upper than on its under surface. See
Hyponastic.

EPINEURAL
Ep`i*neu"ral, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + neural.] (Anat.)

Defn: Arising from the neurapophysis of a vertebra.

EPINEURIUM
Ep`i*neu"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The connective tissue framework and sheath of a nerve which
bind together the nerve bundles, each of which has its own special
sheath, or perineurium.

EPINGLETTE
Ep`in*glette", n. Etym: [F.] (Mil.)

Defn: An iron needle for piercing the cartridge of a cannon before
priming.

EPINICIAL
Ep`i*ni"cial, a. Etym: [See Epinicion.]

Defn: Relating to victory. "An epinicial song." T. Warton.

EPINICION
Ep`i*ni"cion, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. epinicium.]

Defn: A song of triumph. [Obs.] T. Warton.

EPINIKIAN
Ep`i*nik"i*an, a.

Defn: Epinicial.

EPIORNIS
Ep`i*or"nis, n. Etym: [NL.: cf. F. épiornis. See Æpyornis.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the gigantic ostrichlike birds of the genus Æpiornis,
only recently extinct. Its remains have been found in Madagascar.
[Written also Æpyornis.]

EPIOTIC
Ep`i*o"tic, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The upper and outer element of periotic bone, -- in man forming
a part of the temporal bone.

EPIPEDOMETRY
Ep`i*pe*dom"e*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -metry.] (Geom.)

Defn: The mensuration of figures standing on the same base. [Obs.]

EPIPERIPHERAL
Ep`i*pe*riph"er*al, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + peripheral.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Connected with, or having its origin upon, the external surface
of the body; -- especially applied to the feelings which originate at
the extremities of nerves distributed on the outer surface, as the
sensation produced by touching an object with the finger; -- opposed
to entoperipheral. H. Spenser.

EPIPETALOUS
Ep`i*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Borne on the petals or corolla.

EPIPHANY
E*piph"a*ny, n. Etym: [F. épiphanie, L. epiphania, Gr. Fancy.]

1. An appearance, or a becoming manifest.
Whom but just before they beheld transfigured and in a glorious
epiphany upon the mount. Jer. Taylor.
An epic poet, if ever such a difficult birth should make its epiphany
in Paris. De Quincey.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A church festival celebrated on the 6th of January, the twelfth
day after Christmas, in commemoration of the visit of the Magi of the
East to Bethlehem, to see and worship the child Jesus; or, as others
maintain, to commemorate the appearance of the star to the Magi,
symbolizing the manifestation of Christ to the Gentles; Twelfthtide.

EPIPHARYNGEAL
Ep`i*phar`yn*ge"al, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + pharyngeal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the segments above the epibranchial in the
branchial arches of fishes.
 -- n.

Defn: An epipharyngeal bone or cartilage.

EPIPHARYNX
Ep`i*phar"ynx, n. Etym: [Epi- + pharynx.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A structure which overlaps the mouth of certain insects.

EPIPHONEMA
Ep`i*pho*ne"ma, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: An exclamatory sentence, or striking reflection, which sums up
or concludes a discourse.

EPIPHONEME
E*piph"o*neme, n.

Defn: Epiphonema. [R.]

EPIPHORA
E*piph"o*ra, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: The watery eye; a disease in which the tears accumulate in the
eye, and trickle over the cheek.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: The emphatic repetition of a word or phrase, at the end of
several sentences or stanzas.

EPIPHRAGM
Ep"i*phragm, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A membranaceous or calcareous septum with which some mollusks
close the aperture of the shell during the time of hibernation, or
æstivation.

EPIPHYLLOSPERMOUS
Ep`i*phyl`lo*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing fruit on the back of the leaves, as ferns. Harris
(1710).

EPIPHYLLOUS
Ep`i*phyl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing upon, or inserted into, the leaf.

EPIPHYLLUM
Ep`i*phyl"lum, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of cactaceous plants having flattened, jointed stems,
and petals united in a tube. The flowers are very showy, and several
species are in cultivation.

EPIPHYSEAL; EPIPHYSIAL
Ep`i*phys"e*al, Ep`i*phys"i*al, (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an epiphysis.

EPIPHYSIS
E*piph"y*sis, n.; pl. Epiphyses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)
(a) The end, or other superficial part, of a bone, which ossifies
separately from the central portion, or diaphysis.
(b) The cerebral epiphysis, or pineal gland. See Pineal gland, under
Pineal.

EPIPHYTAL
E*piph"y*tal, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to an epiphyte.

EPIPHYTE
Ep"i*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. épiphyte.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An air plant which grows on other plants, but does not derive
its nourishment from them. See Air plant.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A vegetable parasite growing on the surface of the body.

EPIPHYTIC; EPIPHYTICAL
Ep`i*phyt"ic, Ep`i*phyt"ic*al, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an epiphyte.
 -- Ep`i*phyt"ic*al*ly, adv.

EPIPLASTRON
Ep`i*plas"tron, n.; pl. Epiplastra. Etym: [Pref. epi- + plastron.]
(Anat.)

Defn: One of the first pair of lateral plates in the plastron of
turtles.

EPIPLEURAL
Ep`i*pleu"ral, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + pleural.] (Anat.)

Defn: Arising from the pleurapophysis of a vertebra. Owen.

EPIPLEXIS
Ep`i*plex"is, n. Etym: [L., reproof, fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which a person seeks to convince and move by an
elegant kind of upbraiding.

EPIPLOCE
E*pip"lo*ce, n. Etym: [L., connection, from Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which one striking circumstance is added, in due
gradation, to another; climax; e. g., "He not only spared his
enemies, but continued them in employment; not only continued, but
advanced them." Johnson.

EPIPLOIC
Ep`i*plo"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to the epiploön.

EPIPLOON; EPIPLOOEN
E*pip"lo*ön, n.; pl. Epiploa. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: See Omentum.

EPIPODIAL
Ep`i*po"di*al, a.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the epipodialia or the parts of the limbs to
which they belong.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the epipodium of Mollusca.

EPIPODIALE
Ep`i*po`di*a"le, n.; pl. Epipodialia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the bones of either the forearm or shank, the
epipodialia being the radius, ulna, tibia, and fibula.

EPIPODITE
E*pip"o*dite, n. Etym: [See Epipodium.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The outer branch of the legs in certain Crustacea. See
Maxilliped.

EPIPODIUM
Ep`i*po"di*um, n.; pl. Epipodia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the lateral lobes of the foot in certain gastropods.

EPIPOLIC
Ep`i*pol"ic, a. (Opt.)

Defn: Producing, or relating to, epipolism or fluorescence. [R.]

EPIPOLISM
E*pip"o*lism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Opt.)

Defn: See Fluorescence. [R.] Sir J. Herschel.

EPIPOLIZED
E*pip"o*lized, a.

Defn: Changed to the epipolic condition, or that in which the
phenomenon of fluorescence is presented; produced by fluorescence;
as, epipolized light. [R.] Stokes.

EPIPTERIC
Ep`ip*ter"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to a small Wormian bone sometimes present in the
human skull between the parietal and the great wing of the sphenoid.
 -- n.

Defn: The epipteric bone.

EPIPTERYGOID
Ep`ip*ter"y*goid, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + pterygoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated upon or above the pterygoid bone.
 -- n.

Defn: An epipterygoid bone or cartilage; the columella in the skulls
of many lizards.

EPIPUBIC
Ep`i*pu"bic, a.

Defn: Relating to the epipubis.

EPIPUBIS
Ep`i*pu"bis, n.; pl. Epipubes. Etym: [NL., epi- + pubis.] (Anat.)

Defn: A cartilage or bone in front of the pubis in some amphibians
and other animals.

EPISCOPACY
E*pis"co*pa*cy, n. Etym: [See Episcopate.]

Defn: Government of the church by bishops; church government by three
distinct orders of ministers -- bishops, priests, and deacons -- of
whom the bishops have an authority superior and of a different kind.

EPISCOPAL
E*pis"co*pal, a. Etym: [L. episcopalis, fr. episcopus: cf. F.
épiscopal. See Bishop.]

1. Governed by bishops; as, an episcopal church.

2. Belonging to, or vested in, bishops; as, episcopal jurisdiction or
authority; the episcopal system.

EPISCOPALIAN
E*pis`co*pa"li*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to bishops, or government by bishops; episcopal;
specifically, of or relating to the Protestant Episcopal Church.

EPISCOPALIAN
E*pis`co*pa"li*an, n.

Defn: One who belongs to an episcopal church, or adheres to the
episcopal form of church government and discipline; a churchman;
specifically, in the United States, a member of the Protestant
Episcopal Church.

EPISCOPALIANISM
E*pis`co*pa"li*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine and usages of Episcopalians; episcopacy.

EPISCOPALLY
E*pis"co*pal*ly, adv.

Defn: By episcopal authority; in an episcopal manner.

EPISCOPANT
E*pis"co*pant, n.

Defn: A bishop. [Obs.] Milton.

EPISCOPARIAN
E*pis`co*pa"ri*an, a.

Defn: Episcopal. [R.] Wood.

EPISCOPATE
E*pis"co*pate, n. Etym: [L. episcopatus, fr. episcopus: cf. F.
épiscopat. See Bishop.]

1. A bishopric; the office and dignity of a bishop.

2. The collective body of bishops.

3. The time of a bishop's rule.

EPISCOPATE
E*pis"co*pate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Episcopated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Episcopating.]

Defn: To act as a bishop; to fill the office of a prelate. [Obs.]
Feeding the flock episcopating. Milton.

EPISCOPICIDE
E*pis"co*pi*cide, n. Etym: [L. episcopus bishop + caedere to kill.]

Defn: The killing of a bishop.

EPISCOPIZE
E*pis"co*pize, v. t.

Defn: To make a bishop of by consecration. Southey.

EPISCOPIZE
E*pis"co*pize, v. i.

Defn: To perform the duties of a bishop.

EPISCOPY
E*pis"co*py, n. Etym: [Gr. Bishop.]

1. Survey; superintendence. [Obs.] Milton.

2. Episcopacy. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

EPISEPALOUS
Ep`i*sep"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + sepal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Growing on the sepals or adnate to them.

EPISKELETAL
Ep`i*skel"e*tal, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + skeleletal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Above or outside of the endoskeleton; epaxial.

EPISODAL
Ep`i*so"dal, a.

Defn: Same as Episodic.

EPISODE
Ep"i*sode, n. Etym: [Gr. sad to go: cf. F. épisode.] (Rhet.)

Defn: A separate incident, story, or action, introduced for the
purpose of giving a greater variety to the events related; an
incidental narrative, or digression, separable from the main subject,
but naturally arising from it.

EPISODIAL
Ep`i*so"di*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an episode; by way of episode; episodic.

EPISODIC; EPISODICAL
Ep`i*so"dic, Ep`i*so"dic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. épisodique. See
Episode.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an episode; adventitious.
 -- Ep`i*so"dic*al*ly, adv.
Such a figure as Jacob Brattle, purely episodical though it be, is an
excellent English portrait. H. James.

EPISPADIAS
Ep`i*spa"di*as, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A deformity in which the urethra opens upon the top of the
penis, instead of at its extremity.

EPISPASTIC
Ep"i*spas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. épispastique.] (Med.)

Defn: Attracting the humors to the skin; exciting action in the skin;
blistering.

EPISPASTIC
Ep"i*spas"tic, n. (Med.)

Defn: An external application to the skin, which produces a puriform
or serous discharge by exciting inflammation; a vesicatory.

EPISPERM
Ep"i*sperm, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. épisperme.] (Bot.)

Defn: The skin or coat of a seed, especially the outer coat. See
Testa.

EPISPERMIC
Ep`i*sper"mic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining, or belonging, to the episperm, or covering of a
seed.

EPISPORE
Ep"i*spore, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: The thickish outer coat of certain spores.

EPISTAXIS
Ep`i*stax"is, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Bleeding at the nose.

EPISTEMOLOGY
E*pis`te*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The theory or science of the method or grounds of knowledge.

EPISTERNAL
Ep`i*ster"nal, a. (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the episternum.

EPISTERNUM
Ep`i*ster"num, n.; pl. Episterna. Etym: [NL. See Epi-, and Sternum.]

1. (Anat.)
(a) A median bone connected with the sternum, in many vertebrates;
the interclavicle.
(b) Same as Epiplastron.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the lateral pieces next to the sternum in the thorax of
insects.

EPISTILBITE
Ep`i*stil"bite, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + stilbite.] (Min.)

Defn: A crystallized, transparent mineral of the Zeolite family. It
is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime.

EPISTLE
E*pis"tle, n. Etym: [OE. epistle, epistel, AS. epistol, pistol, L.
epistola, fr. Gr. epistle, epistre, F. épître. See Stall.]

1. A writing directed or sent to a person or persons; a written
communication; a letter; -- applied usually to formal, didactic, or
elegant letters.
A madman's epistles are no gospels. Shak.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: One of the letters in the New Testament which were addressed to
their Christian brethren by Apostles. Epistle side, the right side of
an altar or church to a person looking from the nave toward the
chancel.
One sees the pulpit on the epistle side. R. Browning.

EPISTLE
E*pis"tle, v. t.

Defn: To write; to communicate in a letter or by writing. [Obs.]
Milton.

EPISTLER
E*pis"tler, n.

1. A writer of epistles, or of an epistle of the New Testament. M.
Arnold.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: The ecclesiastic who reads the epistle at the communion
service.

EPISTOLAR
E*pis"to*lar, a.

Defn: Epistolary. Dr. H. More.

EPISTOLARY
E*pis"to*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. epistolaris, fr. epistola: cf. F.
épistolaire.]

1. Pertaining to epistles or letters; suitable to letters and
correspondence; as, an epistolary style.

2. Contained in letters; carried on by letters. "Epistolary
correspondence." Addison.

EPISTOLEAN
Ep`is*to"le*an, n.

Defn: One who writes epistles; a correspondent. Mary Cowden Clarke.

EPISTOLER
E*pis"to*ler, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: One of the clergy who reads the epistle at the communion
service; an epistler.

EPISTOLET
E*pis"to*let, n.

Defn: A little epistle. Lamb.

EPISTOLIC; EPISTOLICAL
Ep`is*tol"ic, Ep`is*tol"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. epistolicus, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to letters or epistles; in the form or style of
letters; epistolary.

EPISTOLIZE
E*pis"to*lize, v. i.

Defn: To write epistles.

EPISTOLIZER
E*pis"to*li`zer, n.

Defn: A writer of epistles.

EPISTOLOGRAPHIC
E*pis`to*lo*graph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. épistolographique.]

Defn: Pertaining to the writing of letters; used in writing letters;
epistolary. Epistolographic character or mode of writing, the same as
Demotic character. See under Demotic.

EPISTOLOGRAPHY
E*pis`to*log"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. épistolographie.]

Defn: The art or practice of writing epistles.

EPISTOMA; EPISTOME
E*pis"to*ma, Ep"i*stome, n. Etym: [NL. epistoma, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) The region between the antennæ and the mouth, in Crustacea.
(b) A liplike organ that covers the mouth, in most Bryozoa. See
Illust., under Entoprocta.

EPISTROPHE
E*pis"tro*phe, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure in which successive clauses end with the same word or
affirmation; e. g., "Are they Hebrews so am I. Are they Israelites so
am I." 2 Cor. xi. 22.

EPISTYLE
Ep"i*style, n. Etym: [L. epistylium, Gr. épistyle.] (Anc. Arch.)

Defn: A massive piece of stone or wood laid immediately on the abacus
of the capital of a column or pillar; -- now called architrave.

EPISYLLOGISM
Ep`i*syl"lo*gism, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + syllogism.] (Logic)

Defn: A syllogism which assumes as one of its premises a proposition
which was the conclusion of a preceding syllogism, called, in
relation to this, the prosyllogism.

EPITAPH
Ep"i*taph, n. Etym: [F. épitaphe, L. epitaphium a funeral oration,
fr. Gr. Cenotaph.]

1. An inscription on, or at, a tomb, or a grave, in memory or
commendation of the one buried there; a sepulchral inscription.
Hang her an epitaph upon her tomb. Shak.

2. A brief writing formed as if to be inscribed on a monument, as
that concerning Alexander: "Sufficit huic tumulus, cui non sufficeret
orbis."

EPITAPH
Ep"i*taph, v. t.

Defn: To commemorate by an epitaph. [R.]
Let me be epitaphed the inventor of English hexameters. G. Harvey.

EPITAPH
Ep"i*taph, v. i.

Defn: To write or speak after the manner of an epitaph. [R.]
The common in their speeches epitaph upon him . . . "He lived as a
wolf and died as a dog." Bp. Hall.

EPITAPHER
Ep"i*taph`er, n.

Defn: A writer of epitaphs. Nash.

EPITAPHIAL; EPITAPHIAN
Ep`i*taph"i*al, Ep`i*taph"i*an, a.

Defn: Relating to, or of the nature of, an epitaph.
The noble Pericles in his epitaphian speech. Milton.
Epitaphial Latin verses are not to be taken too literally. Lowell.

EPITAPHIC
Ep`i*taph"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an epitaph; epitaphian.
 -- n.

Defn: An epitaph. Udall.

EPITAPHIST
Ep"i*taph`ist, n.

Defn: An epitapher.

EPITASIS
E*pit"a*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. That part which embraces the main action of a play, poem, and the
like, and leads on to the catastrophe; -- opposed to protasis.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The period of violence in a fever or disease; paroxysm.
Dunglison.

EPITHALAMIC
Ep`i*tha*lam"ic, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or designed for, an epithalamium.

EPITHALAMIUM
Ep`i*tha*la"mi*um, n.; pl. Epithalamiums, L. Epithalamia. Etym: [L.,
fr. Gr.

Defn: A nuptial song, or poem in honor of the bride and bridegroom.
The kind of poem which was called epithalamium . . . sung when the
bride was led into her chamber. B. Jonson.

EPITHALAMY
Ep`i*thal"a*my, n.; pl. Epithalamies (.

Defn: Epithalamium. [R.] Donne.

EPITHECA
Ep`i*the"ca, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A continuous and, usually, structureless layer which covers
more or less of the exterior of many corals.

EPITHELIAL
Ep`i*the"li*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to epithelium; as, epithelial cells;
epithelial cancer.

EPITHELIOID
Ep`i*the"li*oid, a. Etym: [Epithelium + -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Like epithelium; as, epithelioid cells.

EPITHELIOMA
Ep`i*the`li*o"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Epithelium, and -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A malignant growth containing epithelial cells; -- called also
epithelial cancer.

EPITHELIUM
Ep`i*the"li*um, n.; pl. E. Epitheliums, L. Epithelia. Etym: [NL., fr.
Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The superficial layer of cells lining the alimentary canal and
all its appendages, all glands and their ducts, blood vessels and
lymphatics, serous cavities, etc. It often includes the epidermis (i.
e., keratin-producing epithelial cells), and it is sometimes
restricted to the alimentary canal, the glands and their appendages,
-- the term endothelium being applied to the lining membrane of the
blood vessels, lymphatics, and serous cavities.

EPITHELOID
Ep`i*the"loid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Epithelioid.

EPITHEM
Ep"i*them, n. Etym: [L. epithema, Gr. épithème. See Epithet.] (Med.)

Defn: Any external topical application to the body, except ointments
and plasters, as a poultice, lotion, etc.

EPITHEMA
Ep`i*the"ma, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A horny excrescence upon the beak of birds.

EPITHESIS
E*pith"e*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: The addition of a letter at the end of a word, without changing
its sense; as, numb for num, whilst for whiles.

EPITHET
Ep"i*thet, n. Etym: [L. epitheton, Gr. épithète. See Do.]

1. An adjective expressing some quality, attribute, or relation, that
is properly or specially appropriate to a person or thing; as, a just
man; a verdant lawn.
A prince [Henry III.] to whom the epithet "worthless" seems best
applicable. Hallam.

2. Term; expression; phrase. "Stiffed with epithets of war." Shak.

Syn.
 -- Epithet, Title. The name epithet was formerly extended to nouns
which give a title or describe character (as the "epithet of liar"),
but is now confined wholly to adjectives. Some rhetoricians, as
Whately, restrict it still further, considering the term epithet as
belonging only to a limited class of adjectives, viz., those which
add nothing to the sense of their noun, but simply hold forth some
quality necessarily implied therein; as, the bright sun, the lofty
heavens, etc. But this restriction does not prevail in general
literature. Epithet is sometimes confounded with application, which
is always a noun or its equivalent.

EPITHET
Ep"i*thet, v. t.

Defn: To describe by an epithet. [R.]
Never was a town better epitheted. Sir H. Wotton.

EPITHETIC; EPITHETICAL
Ep`i*thet"ic, Ep`i*thet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to, or abounding with, epithets. "In epithetic
measured prose." Lloyd.

EPITHITE
Ep"i*thite, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A lazy, worthless fellow; a vagrant. [Obs.] Mason.

EPITHUMETIC
Ep`i*thu*met"ic, a.

Defn: Epithumetical. [Obs.]

EPITHUMETICAL
Ep`i*thu*met"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to sexual desire; sensual. Sir T. Browne.

EPITITHIDES
Ep`i*tith"i*des, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Epithet.] (Arch.)

Defn: The uppermost member of the cornice of an entablature.

EPITOMATOR
E*pit"o*ma`tor, n. Etym: [LL.]

Defn: An epitomist. Sir W. Hamilton.

EPITOME
E*pit"o*me, n.; pl. Epitomes. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. épitome. See Tome.]

1. A work in which the contents of a former work are reduced within a
smaller space by curtailment and condensation; a brief summary; an
abridgement.
[An] epitome of the contents of a very large book. Sydney Smith.

2. A compact or condensed representation of anything.
An epitome of English fashionable life. Carlyle.
A man so various that he seemed to be Not one, but all mankind's
epitome. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Abridgement; compendium; compend; abstract; synopsis;
abbreviature. See Abridgment.

EPITOMIST
E*pit"o*mist, n.

Defn: One who makes an epitome; one who abridges; an epitomizer.
Milton.

EPITOMIZE
E*pit"o*mize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Epitomized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Epitomizing.]

1. To make an epitome of; to shorten or abridge, as a writing or
discourse; to reduce within a smaller space; as, to epitomize the
works of Justin.

2. To diminish, as by cutting off something; to curtail; as, to
epitomize words. [Obs.] Addison.

EPITOMIZER
E*pit"o*mi`zer, n.

Defn: An epitomist. Burton.

EPITRITE
Ep"i*trite, n. Etym: [Gr. i. e., , or in the ratio of 4 to 3);
epitritos, F. épitrite.] (Gr. & Lat. Pros.)

Defn: A foot consisting of three long syllables and one short
syllable.

Note: It is so called from being compounded of a spondee (which
contains 4 times) with an iambus or a trochee (which contains 3
times). It is called 1st, 2d, 3d, or 4th epitrite according as the
short syllable stands 1st, 2d, etc.

EPITROCHLEA
Ep`i*troch"le*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Epi-, and Trochlea.] (Anat.)

Defn: A projection on the outer side of the distal end of the
humerus; the external condyle.

EPITROCHLEAR
Ep`i*troch"le*ar, a.

Defn: Relating to the epitrochlea.

EPITROCHOID
Ep`i*tro"choid, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. -oid.] (Geom.)

Defn: A kind of curve. See Epicycloid, any Trochoid.

EPITROPE
E*pit"ro*pe, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which permission is either seriously or ironically
granted to some one, to do what he proposes to do; e. g., "He that is
unjust, let him be unjust still."

EPIZEUXIS
Ep`i*zeux"is, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which a word is repeated with vehemence or
emphasis, as in the following lines: -
Alone, alone, all all alone, Alone on a wide wide sea. Coleridge.

EPIZOAN
Ep`i*zo"an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An epizoön.

EPIZOAN
Ep`i*zo"an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An epizoön.

EPIZOIC
Ep`i*zo"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Living upon the exterior of another animal; ectozoic; -- said
of external parasites.

EPIZOIC
Ep`i*zo"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Living upon the exterior of another animal; ectozoic; -- said
of external parasites.

EPIZOON; EPIZOOEN
Ep`i*zo"ön, n.; pl. Epizoa. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the artificial group of invertebrates of various kinds,
which live parasitically upon the exterior of other animals; an
ectozoön. Among them are the lice, ticks, many acari, the lerneans,
or fish lice, and other crustaceans.

EPIZOOTIC; EPIZOOETIC
Ep`i*zo*öt"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. épizoötique.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an epizoön.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Containing fossil remains; -- said of rocks, formations,
mountains, and the like. [Obs.]
Epizoötic mountains are of secondary formation. Kirwan.

3. Of the nature of a disease which attacks many animals at the same
time; -- corresponding to epidemic diseases among men.

EPIZOOTY; EPIZOOETY; EPIZOOTIC; EPIZOOETIC
Ep`i*zo"ö*ty, Ep`i*zo*öt"ic, n. Etym: [F. épizoötie.]

Defn: An epizoötic disease; a murrain; an epidemic influenza among
horses.

EPOCH
Ep"och, n. Etym: [LL. epocha, Gr. sah to overpower, Goth. sigis
victory, AS. sigor, sige, G. sieg: cf. F. époque. See Scheme.]

1. A fixed point of time, established in history by the occurrence of
some grand or remarkable event; a point of time marked by an event of
great subsequent influence; as, the epoch of the creation; the birth
of Christ was the epoch which gave rise to the Christian era.
In divers ages, . . . divers epochs of time were used. Usher.
Great epochs and crises in the kingdom of God. Trench.
The acquittal of the bishops was not the only event which makes the
30th of June, 1688, a great epoch in history. Macaulay.

Note: Epochs mark the beginning of new historical periods, and dates
are often numbered from them.

2. A period of time, longer or shorter, remarkable for events of
great subsequent influence; a memorable period; as, the epoch of
maritime discovery, or of the Reformation. "So vast an epoch of
time." F. Harrison.
The influence of Chaucer continued to live even during the dreary
interval which separates from one another two important epochs of our
literary history. A. W. Ward.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: A division of time characterized by the prevalence of similar
conditions of the earth; commonly a minor division or part of a
period.
The long geological epoch which stored up the vast coal measures. J.
C. Shairp.

4. (Astron.)
(a) The date at which a planet or comet has a longitude or position.
(b) An arbitrary fixed date, for which the elements used in computing
the place of a planet, or other heavenly body, at any other date, are
given; as, the epoch of Mars; lunar elements for the epoch March 1st,
1860.

Syn.
 -- Era; time; date; period; age.
 -- Epoch, Era. We speak of the era of the Reformation, when we think
of it as a period, during which a new order of things prevailed; so
also, the era of good feeling, etc. Had we been thinking of the time
as marked by certain great events, or as a period in which great
results were effected, we should have called the times when these
events happened epochs, and the whole period an epoch.
The capture of Constantinople is an epoch in the history of
Mahometanism; but the flight of Mahomet is its era. C. J. Smith.

EPOCHA
Ep"o*cha, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Epoch. J. Adams.

EPOCHAL
Ep"o*chal, a.

Defn: Belonging to an epoch; of the nature of an epoch. "Epochal
points." Shedd.

EPODE
Ep"ode, n. Etym: [L. epodos, Gr. épode. See Ode.] (Poet.)
(a) The after song; the part of a lyric ode which follows the strophe
and antistrophe, -- the ancient ode being divided into strophe,
antistrophe, and epode.
(b) A species of lyric poem, invented by Archilochus, in which a
longer verse is followed by a shorter one; as, the Epodes of Horace.
It does not include the elegiac distich.

EPODIC
E*pod"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, an epode.

EPONYM; EPONYME
Ep"o*nym, Ep"o*nyme, n. Etym: [Cf. F. éponyme. See Eponymous.]

1. The hypothetical individual who is assumed as the person from whom
any race, city, etc., took its name; as, Hellen is an eponym of the
Hellenes.

2. A name, as of a people, country, and the like, derived from that
of an individual.

EPONYMIC
Ep`o*nym"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Eponymous.
Tablets . . . which bear eponymic dates. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

EPONYMIST
E*pon"y*mist, n.

Defn: One from whom a race, tribe, city, or the like, took its name;
an eponym.

EPONYMOUS
E*pon"y*mous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Relating to an eponym; giving one's name to a tribe, people,
country, and the like.
What becomes . . . of the Herakleid genealogy of the Spartan kings,
when it is admitted that eponymous persons are to be canceled as
fictions Grote.

EPONYMY
E*pon"y*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The derivation of the name of a race, tribe, etc., from that of
a fabulous hero, progenitor, etc.

EPOOPHORON; EPOOEPHORON
Ep`o*öph"o*ron, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: See Parovarium.

EPOPEE; EPOPOEIA
Ep"o*pee`, Ep`o*poe"ia, n. Etym: [F. épopée, Gr. Epos.]

Defn: An epic poem; epic poetry.

EPOPT
Ep"opt, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One instructed in the mysteries of a secret system. Carlyle.

EPOS
Ep"os, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: An epic.

EPOTATION
Ep`o*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. epotare, epotatum, to drink; e out +
potare to drink.]

Defn: A drinking up; a quaffing. [Obs.] Feltham.

EPROUVETTE
e`prou`vette", n. Etym: [F.] (Gun.)

Defn: An apparatus for testing or proving the strength of gunpowder.

EPSOMITE
Ep"som*ite, n.

Defn: Native sulphate of magnesia or Epsom salt.

EPSOM SALTS; EPSOM SALT
Ep"som salts` or Ep"som salt`. (Med.)

Defn: Sulphate of magnesia having cathartic qualities; -- originally
prepared by boiling down the mineral waters at Epsom, England, --
whence the name; afterwards prepared from sea water; but now from
certain minerals, as from siliceous hydrate of magnesia.

EPULARY
Ep"u*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. epularis, fr. epulum a feast: cf. F.
épulaire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a feast or banquet. [Obs.] Smart.

EPULATION
Ep`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. epulatio.]

Defn: A feasting or feast; banquet. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EPULIS
E*pu"lis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A hard tumor developed from the gums.

EPULOSE
Ep"u*lose`, a. Etym: [L. epulum a feast.]

Defn: Feasting to excess. [Obs.]

EPULOSITY
Ep`u*los"i*ty, n.

Defn: A feasting to excess. [Obs.]

EPULOTIC
Ep`u*lot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Promoting the skinning over or healing of sores; as, an
epulotic ointment.
 -- n.

Defn: An epulotic agent.

EPURATION
Ep`u*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. e out, quite + purare to purify, purus
pure.]

Defn: Purification.

EPURE
e`pure", n. Etym: [F.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: A draught or model from which to build; especially, one of the
full size of the work to be done; a detailed drawing.

EPWORTH LEAGUE
Ep"worth League.

Defn: A religious organization of Methodist young people, founded in
1889 at Cleveland, Ohio, and taking its name from John Wesley's
birthplace, Epworth, Lincolnshire, England.

EQUABILITY
E`qua*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. aequabilitas, fr. aequabilis. See
Equable.]

Defn: The quality or condition of being equable; evenness or
uniformity; as, equability of temperature; the equability of the
mind.
For the celestial bodies, the equability and constancy of their
motions argue them ordained by wisdom. Ray.

EQUABLE
E"qua*ble, a. Etym: [L. aequabilis, fr. aequare to make level or
equal, fr. aequus even, equal. See Equal.]

1. Equal and uniform; continuing the same at different times; -- said
of motion, and the like; uniform in surface; smooth; as, an equable
plain or globe.

2. Uniform in action or intensity; not variable or changing; -- said
of the feelings or temper.

EQUABLENESS
E"qua*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being equable.

EQUABLY
E"qua*bly, adv.

Defn: In an equable manner.

EQUAL
E"qual, a. Etym: [L. aequalis, fr. aequus even, equal; akin to Skr. ,
and perh. to L. unus for older oinos one, E. one.]

1. Agreeing in quantity, size, quality, degree, value, etc.; having
the same magnitude, the same value, the same degree, etc.; -- applied
to number, degree, quantity, and intensity, and to any subject which
admits of them; neither inferior nor superior, greater nor less,
better nor worse; corresponding; alike; as, equal quantities of land,
water, etc. ; houses of equal size; persons of equal stature or
talents; commodities of equal value.

2. Bearing a suitable relation; of just proportion; having competent
power, abilities, or means; adequate; as, he is not equal to the
task.
The Scots trusted not their own numbers as equal to fight with the
English. Clarendon.
It is not permitted to me to make my commendations equal to your
merit. Dryden.
Whose voice an equal messenger Conveyed thy meaning mild. Emerson.

3. Not variable; equable; uniform; even; as, an equal movement. "An
equal temper." Dryden.

4. Evenly balanced; not unduly inclining to either side;
characterized by fairness; unbiased; impartial; equitable; just.
Are not my ways equal Ezek. xviii. 29.
Thee, O Jove, no equal judge I deem. Spenser.
Nor think it equal to answer deliberate reason with sudden heat and
noise. Milton.

5. Of the same interest or concern; indifferent.
They who are not disposed to receive them may let them alone or
reject them; it is equal to me. Cheyne.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: Intended for voices of one kind only, either all male or all
female; -- opposed to mixed. [R.]

7. (Math.)

Defn: Exactly agreeing with respect to quantity. Equal temperament.
(Mus.) See Temperament.

Syn.
 -- Even; equable; uniform; adequate; proportionate; commensurate;
fair; just; equitable.

EQUAL
E"qual, n.

1. One not inferior or superior to another; one having the same or a
similar age, rank, station, office, talents, strength, or other
quality or condition; an equal quantity or number; as, "If equals be
taken from equals the remainders are equal."
Those who were once his equals envy and defame him. Addison.

2. State of being equal; equality. [Obs.] Spenser.

EQUAL
E"qual, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equaled or Equalled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Equaling or Equalling.]

1. To be or become equal to; to have the same quantity, the same
value, the same degree or rank, or the like, with; to be commen
On me whose all not equals Edward's moiety. Shak.

2. To make equal return to; to recompense fully.
Who answered all her cares, and equaled all her love. Dryden.

3. To make equal or equal to; to equalize; hence, to compare or
regard as equals; to put on equality.
He would not equal the mind that he found in himself to the infinite
and incomprehensible. Berkeley.

EQUALITARIAN
E*qual`i*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who believes in equalizing the condition of men; a leveler.

EQUALITY
E*qual"i*ty, n.; pl. Equalities. Etym: [L. aequalitas, fr. aequalis
equal. See Equal.]

1. The condition or quality of being equal; agreement in quantity or
degree as compared; likeness in bulk, value, rank, properties, etc.;
as, the equality of two bodies in length or thickness; an equality of
rights.
A footing of equality with nobles. Macaulay.

2. Sameness in state or continued course; evenness; uniformity; as,
an equality of temper or constitution.

3. Evenness; uniformity; as, an equality of surface.

4. (Math.)

Defn: Exact agreement between two expressions or magnitudes with
respect to quantity; -- denoted by the symbol =; thus, a = x
signifies that a contains the same number and kind of units of
measure that x does. Confessional equality. See under Confessional.

EQUALIZATION
E`qual*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of equalizing, or state of being equalized.
Their equalization with the rest of their fellow subjects. Burke.

EQUALIZE
E"qual*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Equalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. égaliser.]

1. To make equal; to cause to correspond, or be like, in amount or
degree as compared; as, to equalize accounts, burdens, or taxes.
One poor moment can suffice To equalize the lofty and the low.
Wordsworth.
No system of instruction will completely equalize natural powers.
Whately.

2. To pronounce equal; to compare as equal.
Which we equalize, and perhaps would willingly prefer to the Iliad.
Orrery.

3. To be equal to; equal; to match. [Obs.]
It could not equalize the hundredth part Of what her eyes have
kindled in my heart. Waller.
Equalizing bar (Railroad Mach.), a lever connecting two axle boxes,
or two springs in a car truck or locomotive, to equalize the pressure
on the axles.

EQUALIZER
E"qual*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, equalizes anything.

EQUALLY
E"qual*ly, adv.

Defn: In an equal manner or degree in equal shares or proportion;
with equal and impartial justice; without difference; alike; evenly;
justly; as, equally taxed, furnished, etc.

EQUALNESS
E"qual*ness, n.

Defn: Equality; evenness. Shak.

EQUANGULAR
E*quan"gu*lar, a. Etym: [See Equiangular.]

Defn: Having equal angles; equiangular. [R.] Johnson.

EQUANIMITY
E`qua*nim"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. aequanimitas, fr. aequanimus: cf. F.
équanimité. See Equanimous.]

Defn: Evenness of mind; that calm temper or firmness of mind which is
not easily elated or depressed; patience; calmness; composure; as, to
bear misfortunes with equanimity.

EQUANIMOUS
E*quan"i*mous, a. Etym: [L. aequanimus, fr. aequus equal + animus
mind.]

Defn: Of an even, composed frame of mind; of a steady temper; not
easily elated or depressed. Bp. Gauden.

EQUANT
E"quant, n. Etym: [L. aequans, -antis, p. pr. of aequare: cf. F.
équant. See Equate.] (Ptolemaic Astron.)

Defn: A circle around whose circumference a planet or the center of
ann epicycle was conceived to move uniformly; -- called also
eccentric equator.

EQUATE
E*quate", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equated; p. pr. & vb. n. Equating.]
Etym: [L. aequatus, p. p. of aequare to make level or equal, fr.
aequus level, equal. See Equal.]

Defn: To make equal; to reduce to an average; to make such an
allowance or correction in as will reduce to a common standard of
comparison; to reduce to mean time or motion; as, to equate payments;
to equate lines of railroad for grades or curves; equated distances.
Palgrave gives both scrolle and scrowe and equates both to F[rench]
rolle. Skeat (Etymol. Dict. ).
Equating for grades (Railroad Engin.), adding to the measured
distance one mile for each twenty feet of ascent.
 -- Equating for curves, adding half a mile for each 360 degrees of
curvature.

EQUATION
E*qua"tion, n. Etym: [L. aequatio an equalizing: cf. F. équation
equation. See Equate.]

1. A making equal; equal division; equality; equilibrium.
Again the golden day resumed its right, And ruled in just equation
with the night. Rowe.

2. (Math.)

Defn: An expression of the condition of equality between two
algebraic quantities or sets of quantities, the sign = being placed
between them; as, a binomial equation; a quadratic equation; an
algebraic equation; a transcendental equation; an exponential
equation; a logarithmic equation; a differential equation, etc.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: A quantity to be applied in computing the mean place or other
element of a celestial body; that is, any one of the several
quantities to be added to, or taken from, its position as calculated
on the hypothesis of a mean uniform motion, in order to find its true
position as resulting from its actual and unequal motion. Absolute
equation. See under Absolute.
 -- Equation box, or Equational box, a system of differential gearing
used in spinning machines for regulating the twist of the yarn. It
resembles gearing used in equation clocks for showing apparent time.
 -- Equation of the center (Astron.), the difference between the
place of a planet as supposed to move uniformly in a circle, and its
place as moving in an ellipse.
 -- Equations of condition (Math.), equations formed for deducing the
true values of certain quantities from others on which they depend,
when different sets of the latter, as given by observation, would
yield different values of the quantities sought, and the number of
equations that may be found is greater than the number of unknown
quantities.
 -- Equation of a curve (Math.), an equation which expresses the
relation between the coördinates of every point in the curve.
 -- Equation of equinoxes (Astron.), the difference between the mean
and apparent places of the equinox.
 -- Equation of payments (Arith.), the process of finding the mean
time of payment of several sums due at different times.
 -- Equation of time (Astron.), the difference between mean and
apparent time, or between the time of day indicated by the sun, and
that by a perfect clock going uniformly all the year round.
 -- Equation clock or watch, a timepiece made to exhibit the
differences between mean solar and apparent solar time. Knight.
 -- Normal equation. See under Normal.
 -- Personal equation (Astron.), the difference between an observed
result and the true qualities or peculiarities in the observer;
particularly the difference, in an average of a large number of
observation, between the instant when an observer notes a phenomenon,
as the transit of a star, and the assumed instant of its actual
occurrence; or, relatively, the difference between these instants as
noted by two observers. It is usually only a fraction of a second; --
sometimes applied loosely to differences of judgment or method
occasioned by temperamental qualities of individuals.
 -- Theory of equations (Math.), the branch of algebra that treats of
the properties of a single algebraic equation of any degree
containing one unknown quantity.

EQUATOR
E*qua"tor, n. Etym: [L. aequator one who equalizes: cf. F. équateur
equator. See Equate.]

1. (Geog.)

Defn: The imaginary great circle on the earth's surface, everywhere
equally distant from the two poles, and dividing the earth's surface
into two hemispheres.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The great circle of the celestial sphere, coincident with the
plane of the earth's equator; -- so called because when the sun is in
it, the days and nights are of equal length; hence called also the
equinoctial, and on maps, globes, etc., the equinoctial line. Equator
of the sun or of a planet (Astron.), the great circle whose plane
passes through through the center of the body, and is perpendicular
to its axis of revolution.
 -- Magnetic equator. See Aclinic.

EQUATORIAL
E`qua*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. équatorial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the equator; as, equatorial climates; also,
pertaining to an equatorial instrument.

EQUATORIAL
E`qua*to"ri*al, n. (Astron.)

Defn: An instrument consisting of a telescope so mounted as to have
two axes of motion at right angles to each other, one of them
parallel to the axis of the earth, and each carrying a graduated
circle, the one for measuring declination, and the other right
ascension, or the hour angle, so that the telescope may be directed,
even in the daytime, to any star or other object whose right
ascension and declination are known. The motion in right ascension is
sometimes communicated by clockwork, so as to keep the object
constantly in the field of the telescope. Called also an equatorial
telescope.

Note: The term equatorial, or equatorial instrument, is sometimes
applied to any astronomical instrument which has its principal axis
of rotation parallel to the axis of the earth.

EQUATORIALLY
E`qua*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to have motion or direction parallel to the equator.

EQUERRY
Eq"uer*ry, n.; pl. Equerries. Etym: [F. écurie stable, for older
escurie, escuirie (confused somewhat with F. écuyer, OF. escuyer,
squire), LL. scuria, OHG. skiura, sc, barn, shed, G. scheuer, from a
root meaning to cover, protect, and akin to L. scutum shield. See
Esquire, and cf. Ecurie, Querry.]

1. A large stable or lodge for horses. Johnson.

2. An officer of princes or nobles, charged with the care of their
horses.

Note: In England equerries are officers of the royal household in the
department of the Master of the Horse.

EQUERY
Eq"ue*ry, n.

Defn: Same as Equerry.

EQUESTRIAN
E*ques"tri*an, a. Etym: [L. equester, from eques horseman, fr. equus
horse: cf. F. équestre. See Equine.]

1. Of or pertaining to horses or horsemen, or to horsemanship; as,
equestrian feats, or games.

2. Being or riding on horseback; mounted; as, an equestrian statue.
An equestrian lady appeared upon the plains. Spectator.

3. Belonging to, or composed of, the ancient Roman equities or
knights; as, the equestrian order. Burke.

EQUESTRIAN
E*ques"tri*an, n.

Defn: One who rides on horseback; a horseman; a rider.

EQUESTRIANISM
E*ques"tri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The art of riding on horseback; performance on horseback;
horsemanship; as, feats equestrianism.

EQUESTRIENNE
E*ques"tri*enne`, n. Etym: [Formed after analogy of the French
language.]

Defn: A woman skilled in equestrianism; a horsewoman.

EQUI-
E"qui-. Etym: [L. aequus equal. See Equal.]

Defn: A prefix, meaning equally; as, equidistant; equiangular.

EQUIANGLED
E"qui*an`gled, a. Etym: [Equi- + angle.]

Defn: Equiangular. [Obs.] Boyle.

EQUIANGULAR
E`qui*an"gu*lar, a. Etym: [Equi- + angular. Cf. Equangular.]

Defn: Having equal angles; as, an equiangular figure; a square is
equiangular. Equiangular spiral. (Math.) See under Spiral, n.
 -- Mutually equiangular, applied to two figures, when every angle of
the one has its equal among the angles of the other.

EQUIBALANCE
E`qui*bal"ance, n. Etym: [Equi- + balance.]

Defn: Equal weight; equiponderance.

EQUIBALANCE
E`qui*bal"ance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equibalanced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Equibalancing.]

Defn: To make of equal weight; to balance equally; to counterbalance;
to equiponderate.

EQUICRESCENT
E`qui*cres"cent, a. Etym: [Equi- + crescent.] (Math.)

Defn: Increasing by equal increments; as, an equicrescent variable.

EQUICRURAL
E`qui*cru"ral, a. Etym: [L. aequicrurius; aequus equal + crus,
cruris, leg.]

Defn: Having equal legs or sides; isosceles. [R.] "Equicrural
triangles." Sir T. Browne.

EQUICRURE
E"qui*crure, a.

Defn: Equicrural. [Obs.]

EQUIDIFFERENT
E`qui*dif"fer*ent, a. Etym: [Equi- + different: cf. F.
équidifférent.]

Defn: Having equal differences; as, the terms of arithmetical
progression are equidifferent.

EQUIDISTANCE
E`qui*dis"tance, n.

Defn: Equal distance.

EQUIDISTANT
E`qui*dis"tant, a. Etym: [L. aequidistans, -antis; aequus equal +
distans distant: cf. F. équidistant.]

Defn: Being at an equal distance from the same point or thing.
 -- E`qui*dis"tant*ly, adv. Sir T. Browne.

EQUIDIURNAL
E`qui*di*ur"nal, a. Etym: [Equi- + diurnal.]

Defn: Pertaining to the time of equal day and night; -- applied to
the equinoctial line. Whewell.

EQUIFORM
E"qui*form, a. Etym: [L. aequiformis; aequus equal + forma form.]

Defn: Having the same form; uniform.
 -- E`qui*for"mi*ty, n. Sir T. Browne.

EQUILATERAL
E`qui*lat"er*al, a. Etym: [L. aequilateralis; aequus equal + latus,
lateris, side: cf. F. équilatéral.]

Defn: Having all the sides equal; as, an equilateral triangle; an
equilateral polygon. Equilateral hyperbola (Geom.), one whose axes
are equal.
 -- Equilateral shell (Zoöl.), one in which a transverse line drawn
through the apex of the umbo bisects the valve, or divides it into
two equal and symmetrical parts.
 -- Mutually equilateral, applied to two figures, when every side of
the one has its equal among the sides of the other.

EQUILATERAL
E`qui*lat"er*al, n.

Defn: A side exactly corresponding, or equal, to others; also, a
figure of equal sides.

EQUILIBRATE
E`qui*li"brate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equilibrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Equilibrating.] Etym: [L. aequilibratus in equilibrium; aequus equal
+ libra balance. See Equilibrium.]

Defn: To balance two scales, sides, or ends; to keep even with equal
weight on each side; to keep in equipoise. H. Spenser.

EQUILIBRATION
E`qui*li*bra"tion, n.

1. Act of keeping a balance, or state of being balanced; equipoise.
In . . . running, leaping, and dancing, nature's laws of
equilibration are observed. J. Denham.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The process by which animal and vegetable organisms preserve a
physiological balance. H. Spenser.

EQUILIBRIOUS
E`qui*lib"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Evenly poised; balanced. Dr. H. More.
 -- E`qui*lib"ri*ous*ly, adv.

EQUILIBRIST
E*quil"i*brist, n.

Defn: One who balances himself in unnatural positions and hazardous
movements; a balancer.
When the equilibrist balances a rod upon his finger. Stewart.

EQUILIBRITY
E`qui*lib"ri*ty, n. Etym: [L. aequilibritas equal distribution. See
Equilibrium.]

Defn: The state of being balanced; equality of weight. [R.] J.
Gregory.

EQUILIBRIUM
E`qui*lib"ri*um, n.; pl. E. Equilibriums, L. Equilibria. Etym: [L.
aequilibrium, fr. aequilibris in equilibrium, level; aequus equal +
libra balance. See Equal, and Librate.]

1. Equality of weight or force; an equipoise or a state of rest
produced by the mutual counteraction of two or more forces.

2. A level position; a just poise or balance in respect to an object,
so that it remains firm; equipoise; as, to preserve the equilibrium
of the body.
Health consists in the equilibrium between those two powers.
Arbuthnot.

3. A balancing of the mind between motives or reasons, with
consequent indecision and doubt. Equilibrium valve (Steam Engine), a
balanced valve. See under Valve.

EQUIMOMENTAL
E`qui*mo*men"tal, a. Etym: [Equi- + momental.] (Mech.)

Defn: Having equal moments of inertia.

Note: Two bodies or systems of bodies are said to be equimomental
when their moments of inertia about all straight lines are equal each
to each. Equimomental cone of a given rigid body, a conical surface
that has any given vertex, and is described by a straight line which
moves in such manner that the moment of inertia of the given rigid
body about the line is in all its positions the same.

EQUIMULTIPLE
E`qui*mul"ti*ple, a. Etym: [Equi- + multiple: cf. F. équimultiple.]

Defn: Multiplied by the same number or quantity.

EQUIMULTIPLE
E`qui*mul"ti*ple, n. (Math.)

Defn: One of the products arising from the multiplication of two or
more quantities by the same number or quantity. Thus, seven times 2,
or 14, and seven times 4, or 28, are equimultiples of 2 and 4.

EQUINAL
E*qui"nal, a.

Defn: See Equine. "An equinal shape." Heywood.

EQUINE
E"quine, a. Etym: [L. equinus, fr. equus horse; akin to Gr. a, OS.
ehu, AS. eh, eoh, Icel. j, OIr. ech, cf. Skr. a to reach, overtake,
perh. akin to E. acute, edge, eager, a. Cf. Hippopotamus.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a horse.
The shoulders, body, things, and mane are equine; the head completely
bovine. Sir J. Barrow.

EQUINIA
E*quin"i*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Equine.] (Med.)

Defn: Glanders.

EQUINOCTIAL
E`qui*noc"tial, a. Etym: [L. aequinoctials, fr. aequinoctium equinox:
cf. F. équinoxial. See Equinox.]

1. Pertaining to an equinox, or the equinoxes, or to the time of
equal day and night; as, the equinoctial line.

2. Pertaining to the regions or climate of the equinoctial line or
equator; in or near that line; as, equinoctial heat; an equinoctial
sun.

3. Pertaining to the time when the sun enters the equinoctial points;
as, an equinoctial gale or storm, that is, one happening at or near
the time of the equinox, in any part of the world. Equinoctial colure
(Astron.), the meridian passing through the equinoctial points.
 -- Equinoctial line (Astron.), the celestial equator; -- so called
because when the sun is on it, the nights and days are of equal
length in all parts of the world. See Equator.
Thrice the equinoctial line He circled. Milton.
- Equinoctial points (Astron.), the two points where the celestial
and ecliptic intersect each other; the one being in the first point
of Aries, the other in the first point of Libra.
 -- Equinoctial time (Astron.) reckoned in any year from the instant
when the mean sun is at the mean vernal equinoctial point.

EQUINOCTIAL
E`qui*noc"tial, n.

Defn: The equinoctial line.

EQUINOCTIALLY
E`qui*noc"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: Towards the equinox.

EQUINOX
E"qui*nox, n. Etym: [OE. equinoxium, equenoxium, L. aequinoctium;
aequus equal + nox, noctis, night: cf. F. équinoxe. See Equal, and
Night.]

1. The time when the sun enters one of the equinoctial points, that
is, about March 21 and September 22. See Autumnal equinox, Vernal
equinox, under Autumnal and Vernal.
When descends on the Atlantic The gigantic Stormwind of the equinox.
Longfellow.

2. Equinoctial wind or storm. [R.] Dryden.

EQUINUMERANT
E`qui*nu"mer*ant, a. Etym: [Equi- + L. numerans, p. pr. of numerare
to number.]

Defn: Equal as to number. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

EQUIP
E*quip", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Equipping.]
Etym: [F. équiper to supply, fit out, orig. said of a ship, OF.
esquiper to embark; of German origin; cf. OHG. scif, G. schiff, Icel.
skip, AS. scip. See Ship.]

1. To furnish for service, or against a need or exigency; to fit out;
to supply with whatever is necessary to efficient action in any way;
to provide with arms or an armament, stores, munitions, rigging,
etc.; -- said esp. of ships and of troops. Dryden.
Gave orders for equipping a considerable fleet. Ludlow.

2. To dress up; to array; accouter.
The country are led astray in following the town, and equipped in a
ridiculous habit, when they fancy themselves in the height of the
mode. Addison.

EQUIPAGE
Eq"ui*page (; 48), n. Etym: [F. équipage, fr. équiper. See Equip.]

1. Furniture or outfit, whether useful or ornamental; especially, the
furniture and supplies of a vessel, fitting her for a voyage or for
warlike purposes, or the furniture and necessaries of an army, a body
of troops, or a single soldier, including whatever is necessary for
efficient service; equipments; accouterments; habiliments; attire.
Did their exercises on horseback with noble equipage. Evelyn.
First strip off all her equipage of Pride. Pope.

2. Retinue; train; suite. Swift.

3. A carriage of state or of pleasure with all that accompanies it,
as horses, liveried servants, etc., a showy turn-out.
The rumbling equipages of fashion . . . were unknown in the
settlement of New Amsterdam. W. Irving.

EQUIPAGED
Eq"ui*paged, a.

Defn: Furnished with equipage.
Well dressed, well bred. Well equipaged, is ticket good enough.
Cowper.

EQUIPARABLE
E*quip"a*ra*ble a. Etym: [L. aequiparabilis.]

Defn: Comparable. [Obs. or R.]

EQUIPARATE
E*quip"a*rate v. t. Etym: [L. aequiparatus, p. p. of aequiparare.]

Defn: To compare. [R.]

EQUIPEDAL
E*quip"e*dal, a. Etym: [Equi- + L. pes, pedis, foot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Equal-footed; having the pairs of feet equal.

EQUIPENDENCY
E`qui*pend"en*cy, n. Etym: [Equi- + pendency.]

Defn: The act or condition of hanging in equipoise; not inclined or
determined either way. South.

EQUIPENSATE
E`qui*pen"sate, v. t. Etym: [Equi- + pensatus, p. p. of pensare to
weigh. Cf. Equipoise.]

Defn: To weigh equally; to esteem alike. [Obs.]

EQUIPMENT
E*quip"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. équipement. See Equip.]

1. The act of equipping, or the state of being equipped, as for a
voyage or expedition. Burke.
The equipment of the fleet was hastened by De Witt. Hume.

2. Whatever is used in equipping; necessaries for an expedition or
voyage; the collective designation for the articles comprising an
outfit; equipage; as, a railroad equipment (locomotives, cars, etc. ;
for carrying on business); horse equipments; infantry equipments;
naval equipments; laboratory equipments.
Armed and dight, In the equipments of a knight. Longfellow.

EQUIPOISE
E"qui*poise, n. Etym: [Equi- + poise.]

1. Equality of weight or force; hence, equilibrium; a state in which
the two ends or sides of a thing are balanced, and hence equal; state
of being equally balanced; -- said of moral, political, or social
interests or forces.
The means of preserving the equipoise and the tranquillity of the
commonwealth. Burke.
Our little lives are kept in equipoise By opposite attractions and
desires. Longfellow.

2. Counterpoise.
The equipoise to the clergy being removed. Buckle.

EQUIPOLLENCE; EQUIPOLLENCY
E`qui*pol"lence, E`qui*pol"len*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. équipollence. See
Equipollent.]

1. Equality of power, force, signification, or application. Boyle.

2. (Logic)

Defn: Sameness of signification of two or more propositions which
differ in language.

EQUIPOLLENT
E`qui*pol"lent, a. Etym: [L. aequipollens; aequus equal + pollens, -
entis, p. pr. of pollere to be strong, able: cf. F. équipollent.]

1. Having equal power or force; equivalent. Bacon.

2. (Logic)

Defn: Having equivalent signification and reach; expressing the same
thing, but differently.

EQUIPOLLENTLY
E`qui*pol"lent*ly, adv.

Defn: With equal power. Barrow.

EQUIPONDERANCE; EQUIPONDERANCY
E`qui*pon"der*ance, E`qui*pon"der*an*cy, n. Etym: [Equi- +
ponderance: cf. F. équipondérance.]

Defn: Equality of weight; equipoise.

EQUIPONDERANT
E`qui*pon"der*ant, a. Etym: [Cf. F. équipondérant.]

Defn: Being of the same weight.
A column of air . . . equiponderant to a column of quicksilver.
Locke.

EQUIPONDERATE
E`qui*pon"der*ate, v. i. Etym: [Equi- + L. ponderare to weigh. See
Ponderate.]

Defn: To be equal in weight; to weigh as much as another thing. Bp.
Wilkins.

EQUIPONDERATE
E`qui*pon"der*ate, v. t.

Defn: To make equal in weight; to counterbalance. "More than
equiponderated the declension in that direction." De Quincey.

EQUIPONDEROUS
E`qui*pon"der*ous, a. Etym: [Equi- + L. pondus, ponderis, weight.]

Defn: Having equal weight. Bailey.

EQUIPONDIOUS
E`qui*pon"di*ous, a. Etym: [L. aequipondium an equal weight; aequus
equal + pondus weight.]

Defn: Of equal weight on both sides; balanced. [Obs.] Glanvill.

EQUIPOTENTIAL
E`qui*po*ten"tial, a. Etym: [Equi- + potential.] (Mech. & Physics)

Defn: Having the same potential. Equipotential surface, a surface for
which the potential is for all points of the surface constant. Level
surfaces on the earth are equipotential.

EQUIRADICAL
E`qui*rad"i*cal a. Etym: [Equi- + radical.]

Defn: Equally radical. [R.] Coleridge.

EQUIROTAL
E`qui*ro"tal, a. Etym: [Equi- + L. rota wheel.]

Defn: Having wheels of the same size or diameter; having equal
rotation. [R.]

EQUISETACEOUS
E`qui*se*ta"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to the Equisetaceæ, or Horsetail family.

EQUISETIFORM
E`qui*set"i*form, a. Etym: [Equisetum- + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of the equisetum.

EQUISETUM
Eq`ui*se"tum, n.; pl. Equiseta. Etym: [L., the horsetail, fr. equus
horse + seta a thick,, stiff hair, bristle.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of vascular, cryptogamic, herbaceous plants; -- also
called horsetails.

Note: The Equiseta have hollow jointed stems and no true leaves. The
cuticle often contains siliceous granules, so that one species (E.
hyemale) is used for scouring and polishing, under the name of Dutch
rush or scouring rush.

EQUISONANCE
E*quis"o*nance, n. Etym: [Equi- + L. sonans, p. pr. of sonare to
sound: cf. F. équisonnance. See Sonant.] (Mus.)

Defn: An equal sounding; the consonance of the unison and its
octaves.

EQUISONANT
E*quis"o*nant a.

Defn: Of the same or like sound.

EQUITABLE
Eq"ui*ta*ble, a. Etym: [F. équitable, from équité. See Equity.]

1. Possessing or exhibiting equity; according to natural right or
natural justice; marked by a due consideration for what is fair,
unbiased, or impartial; just; as an equitable decision; an equitable
distribution of an estate; equitable men.
No two . . . had exactly the same notion of what was equitable.
Macaulay.

2. (Law)

Defn: That can be sustained or made available or effective in a court
of equity, or upon principles of equity jurisprudence; as, an
equitable estate; equitable assets, assignment, mortgage, etc.
Abbott.

Syn.
 -- Just; fair; reasonable; right; honest; impartial; candid;
upright.

EQUITABLENESS
Eq"ui*ta*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being equitable, just, or impartial; as, the
equitableness of a judge, a decision, or distribution of property.

EQUITABLY
Eq"ui*ta*bly, adv.

Defn: In an equitable manner; justly; as, the laws should be
equitably administered.

EQUITANCY
Eq"ui*tan*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. equitantia. See Equitant.]

Defn: Horsemanship.

EQUITANT
Eq"ui*tant, a. Etym: [L. equitans, -antis, p. pr. of equitare to
ride, fr. eques horseman, fr. equus horse.]

1. Mounted on, or sitting upon, a horse; riding on horseback.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Overlapping each other; -- said of leaves whose bases are
folded so as to overlap and bestride the leaves within or above them,
as in the iris.

EQUITATION
Eq`ui*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. equitatio, fr. equitare: cf. F.
équitation.]

Defn: A riding, or the act of riding, on horseback; horsemanship.
The pretender to equitation mounted. W. Irving.

EQUITEMPORANEOUS
E`qui*tem`po*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. aequus equal + tempus, temporis,
time.]

Defn: Contemporaneous. [Obs.] Boyle.

EQUITES
Eq"ui*tes n. pl Etym: [L., pl. of eques a horseman.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An order of knights holding a middle place between the senate
and the commonalty; members of the Roman equestrian order.

EQUITY
Eq"ui*ty, n.; pl. Equities. Etym: [F. équité, L. aequitas, fr. aequus
even, equal. See Equal.]

1. Equality of rights; natural justice or right; the giving, or
desiring to give, to each man his due, according to reason, and the
law of God to man; fairness in determination of conflicting claims;
impartiality.
Christianity secures both the private interests of men and the public
peace, enforcing all justice and equity. Tillotson.

2. (Law)

Defn: An equitable claim; an equity of redemption; as, an equity to a
settlement, or wife's equity, etc.
I consider the wife's equity to be too well settled to be shaken.
Kent.

3. (Law)

Defn: A system of jurisprudence, supplemental to law, properly so
called, and complemental of it.
Equity had been gradually shaping itself into a refined science which
no human faculties could master without long and intense application.
Macaulay.

Note: Equitable jurisprudence in England and in the United States
grew up from the inadequacy of common-law forms to secure justice in
all cases; and this led to distinct courts by which equity was
applied in the way of injunctions, bills of discovery, bills for
specified performance, and other processes by which the merits of a
case could be reached more summarily or more effectively than by
common-law suits. By the recent English Judicature Act (1873),
however, the English judges are bound to give effect, in common-law
suits, to all equitable rights and remedies; and when the rules of
equity and of common law, in any particular case, conflict, the rules
of equity are to prevail. In many jurisdictions in the United States,
equity and common law are thus blended; in others distinct equity
tribunals are still maintained. See Chancery. Equity of redemption
(Law), the advantage, allowed to a mortgageor, of a certain or
reasonable time to redeem lands mortgaged, after they have been
forfeited at law by the nonpayment of the sum of money due on the
mortgage at the appointed time. Blackstone.

Syn.
 -- Right; justice; impartiality; rectitude; fairness; honesty;
uprightness. See Justice.

EQUIVALENCE
E*quiv"a*lence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. équivalence, LL. aequivalentia.]

1. The condition of being equivalent or equal; equality of worth,
value, signification, or force; as, an equivalence of definitions.

2. Equal power or force; equivalent amount.

3. (Chem.)
(a) The quantity of the combining power of an atom, expressed in
hydrogen units; the number of hydrogen atoms can combine with, or be
exchanged for; valency. See Valence.
(b) The degree of combining power as determined by relative weight.
See Equivalent, n., 2. [R.]

EQUIVALENCE
E*quiv"a*lence, v. t.

Defn: To be equivalent or equal to; to counterbalance. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.

EQUIVALENCY
E*quiv"a*len*cy, n.

Defn: Same as Equivalence.

EQUIVALENT
E*quiv"a*lent, a. Etym: [L. aequivalens, -entis, p. pr. of
aequivalere to have equal power; aequus equal + valere to be strong,
be worth: cf. F. équivalent. See Equal, and Valiant.]

1. Equal in wortir or value, force, power, effect, import, and the
like; alike in significance and value; of the same import or meaning.
For now to serve and to minister, servile and ministerial, are terms
equivalent. South.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: Equal in measure but not admitting of superposition; -- applied
to magnitudes; as, a square may be equivalent to a triangle.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: Contemporaneous in origin; as, the equivalent strata of
different countries.

EQUIVALENT
E*quiv"a*lent, n.

1. Something equivalent; that which is equal in value, worth, weight,
or force; as, to offer an equivalent for damage done.
He owned that, if the Test Act were repealed, the Protestants were
entitled to some equivalent. . . . During some weeks the word
equivalent, then lately imported from France, was in the mouths of
all the coffeehouse. Macaulay.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: That comparative quantity by weight of an element which
possesses the same chemical value as other elements, as determined by
actual experiment and reference to the same standard. Specifically:
(a) The comparative proportions by which one element replaces another
in any particular compound; thus, as zinc replaces hydrogen in
hydrochloric acid, their equivalents are 32.5 and 1. (b) The
combining proportion by weight of a substance, or the number
expressing this proportion, in any particular compound; as, the
equivalents of hydrogen and oxygen in water are respectively 1 and 8,
and in hydric dioxide 1 and 16.

Note: This term was adopted by Wollaston to avoid using the
conjectural expression atomic weight, with which, however, for a time
it was practically synonymous. The attempt to limit the term to the
meaning of a universally comparative combining weight failed, because
of the possibility of several compounds of the substances by reason
of the variation in combining power which most elements exhibit. The
equivalent was really identical with, or a multiple of submultiple
of, the atomic weight.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining unit, whether an atom, a radical, or a molecule;
as, in acid salt two or more equivalents of acid unite with one or
more equivalents of base. Mechanical equivalent of heat (Physics),
the number of units of work which the unit of heat can perform; the
mechanical energy which must be expended to raise the temperature of
a unit weight of water from 0º C. to 1º C., or from 32º F. to 33º F.
The term was introduced by Dr. Mayer of Heilbronn. Its value was
found by Joule to be 1390 foot pounds upon the Centigrade, or 772
foot pounds upon the Fahrenheit, thermometric scale, whence it is
often called Joule's equivalent, and represented by the symbol J.
This is equal to 424 kilogram meters (Centigrade scale). A more
recent determination by Professor Rowland gives the value 426.9
kilogram meters, for the latitude of Baltimore.

EQUIVALENT
E*quiv"a*lent, v. t.

Defn: To make the equivalent to; to equal; equivalence. [R.]

EQUIVALENTLY
E*quiv"a*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an equal manner.

EQUIVALUE
E`qui*val"ue, v. t.

Defn: To put an equal value upon; to put (something) on a par with
another thing. W. Taylor.

EQUIVALVE; EQUIVALVED
E"qui*valve, E"qui*valved, a. Etym: [Equi- + valve.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the valves equal in size and from, as in most bivalve
shells.

EQUIVALVULAR
E`qui*val"vu*lar, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Equivalve or Equivalved.

EQUIVOCACY
E*quiv"o*ca*cy, n.

Defn: Equivocalness.

EQUIVOCAL
E*quiv"o*cal, a. Etym: [L. aequivocus: aequus equal + vox, vocis,
word. See Equal, and Voice, and cf. Equivoque.]

1. (Literally, called equally one thing or the other; hence:) Having
two significations equally applicable; capable of double
interpretation; of doubtful meaning; ambiguous; uncertain; as,
equivocal words; an equivocal sentence.
For the beauties of Shakespeare are not of so dim or equivocal a
nature as to be visible only to learned eyes. Jeffrey.

2. Capable of being ascribed to different motives, or of signifying
opposite feelings, purposes, or characters; deserving to be
suspected; as, his actions are equivocal. "Equivocal repentances."
Milton.

3. Uncertain, as an indication or sign; doubtful. "How equivocal a
test." Burke. Equivocal chord (Mus.), a chord which can be resolved
into several distinct keys; one whose intervals, being all minor
thirds, do not clearly indicate its fundamental tone or root; the
chord of the diminished triad, and the diminished seventh.

Syn.
 -- Ambiguous; doubtful; uncertain; indeterminate.
 -- Equivocal, Ambiguous. We call an expression ambiguous when it has
one general meaning, and yet contains certain words which may be
taken in two different senses; or certain clauses which can be so
connected with other clauses as to divide the mind between different
views of part of the meaning intended. We call an expression
equivocal when, taken as a whole, it conveys a given thought with
perfect clearness and propriety, and also another thought with equal
propriety and clearness. Such were the responses often given by the
Delphic oracle; as that to Crambiguous is a mere blunder of language;
what is equivocal is usually intended to deceive, though it may occur
at times from mere inadvertence. Equivocation is applied only to
cases where there is a design to deceive.

EQUIVOCAL
E*quiv"o*cal, n.

Defn: A word or expression capable of different meanings; an
ambiguous term; an equivoque.
In languages of great ductility, equivocals like that just referred
to are rarely found. Fitzed. Hall.

EQUIVOCALLY
E*quiv"o*cal*ly, adv.

Defn: In an equivocal manner.

EQUIVOCALNESS
E*quiv"o*cal*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being equivocal.

EQUIVOCATE
E*quiv"o*cate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Equivocated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Equivocating.] Etym: [L. aequivocatus, p. p. of aequivocari to be
called by the same name, fr. L. aequivocus: cf. F. équivoquer. See
Equivocal, a.]

Defn: To use words of equivocal or doubtful signification; to express
one's opinions in terms which admit of different senses, with intent
to deceive; to use ambiguous expressions with a view to mislead; as,
to equivocate is the work of duplicity.
All that Garnet had to say for him was that he supposed he meant to
equivocate. Bp. Stillingfleet.

Syn.
 -- To prevaricate; evade; shuffle; quibble. See Prevaricate.

EQUIVOCATE
E*quiv"o*cate, v. t.

Defn: To render equivocal or ambiguous.
He equivocated his vow by a mental reservation. Sir G. Buck.

EQUIVOCATION
E*quiv`o*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The use of expressions susceptible of a double signification,
with a purpose to mislead.
There being no room for equivocations, there is no need of
distinctions. Locke.

Syn.
 -- Prevarication; ambiguity; shuffling; evasion; guibbling. See
Equivocal, a., and Prevaricate, v. i.

EQUIVOCATOR
E*quiv"o*ca`tor, n.

Defn: One who equivocates.
Here's an equivocator that could swear in both the scales against
either scale, yet could not equivocate to heaven. Shak.

EQUIVOCATORY
E*quiv"o*ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Indicating, or characterized by, equivocation.

EQUIVOQUE; EQUIVOKE
Eq"ui*voque, Eq"ui*voke, n. Etym: [F. équivoque. See Equivocal.]

1. An ambiguous term; a word susceptible of different significations.
Coleridge.

2. An equivocation; a guibble. B. Jonson.

EQUIVOROUS
E*quiv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. equus horse + vorare to eat greedily.]

Defn: Feeding on horseflesh; as, equivorous Tartars.

EQUUS
E"quus, n. Etym: [L., horse.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of mammals, including the horse, ass, etc.

-ER
-er

Defn: .

1. Etym: [AS. -ere; akin to L. -arius.]

Defn: The termination of many English words, denoting the agent; --
applied either to men or things; as in hater, farmer, heater, grater.
At the end of names of places, -er signifies a man of the place; as,
Londoner, i. e., London man.

2. Etym: [AS. -ra; akin to G. -er, Icel. -are, -re, Goth. -iza, -, L.
-ior, Gr. -iyas.]

Defn: A suffix used to form the comparative degree of adjectives and
adverbs; as, warmer, sooner, lat(e)er, earl(y)ier.

ERA
E"ra, n.; pl. Eras. Etym: [LL. aera an era, in earlier usage, the
items of an account, counters, pl. of aes, aeris, brass, money. See
Ore.]

1. A fixed point of time, usually an epoch, from which a series of
years is reckoned.
The foundation of Solomon's temple is conjectured by Ideler to have
been an era. R. S. Poole.

2. A period of time reckoned from some particular date or epoch; a
succession of years dating from some important event; as, the era of
Alexander; the era of Christ, or the Christian era (see under
Christian).
The first century of our era. M. Arnold.

3. A period of time in which a new order of things prevails; a signal
stage of history; an epoch.
Painting may truly be said to have opened the new era of culture. J.
A. Symonds.

Syn.
 -- Epoch; time; date; period; age; dispensation. See Epoch.

ERADIATE
E*ra"di*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Eradiated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Eradiating.] Etym: [Pref. e- + radiate.]

Defn: To shoot forth, as rays of light; to beam; to radiate. Dr. H.
More.

ERADIATION
E*ra`di*a"tion, n.

Defn: Emission of radiance.

ERADICABLE
E*rad"i*ca*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being eradicated.

ERADICATE
E*rad"i*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eradicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Eradicating.] Etym: [L. eradicatus, p. p. of eradicare to eradicate;
e out + radix, radicis, root. See Radical.]

1. To pluck up by the roots; to root up; as, an oak tree eradicated.

2. To root out; to destroy utterly; to extirpate; as, to eradicate
diseases, or errors.
This, although now an old an inveterate evil, might be eradicated by
vigorous treatment. Southey.

Syn.
 -- To extirpate; root out; exterminate; destroy; annihilate.

ERADICATION
E*rad`i*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. eradicatio: cf. F. éradication.]

1. The act of plucking up by the roots; a rooting out; extirpation;
utter destruction.

2. The state of being plucked up by the roots.

ERADICATIVE
E*rad"i*ca*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. éradicatif.]

Defn: Tending or serving to eradicate; curing or destroying
thoroughly, as a disease or any evil.

ERADICATIVE
E*rad"i*ca*tive, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine that effects a radical cure. Whitlock.

ERASABLE
E*ras"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being erased.

ERASE
E*rase", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Erased; p. pr. & vb. n.. Erasing.] Etym:
[L. erasus, p. p. of eradere to erase; e out + radere to scrape,
scratch, shave. See Rase.]

1. To rub or scrape out, as letters or characters written, engraved,
or painted; to efface; to expunge; to cross out; as, to erase a word
or a name.

2. Fig.: To obliterate; to expunge; to blot out; -- used of ideas in
the mind or memory. Burke.

ERASED
E*rased", p. pr. & a.

1. Rubbed or scraped out; effaced; obliterated.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Represented with jagged and uneven edges, as is torn off; --
used esp. of the head or limb of a beast. Cf. Couped.

ERASEMENT
E*rase"ment, n.

Defn: The act of erasing; a rubbing out; expunction; obliteration.
Johnson.

ERASER
E*ras"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, erases; esp., a sharp instrument or a
piece of rubber used to erase writings, drawings, etc.

ERASION
E*ra"sion, n.

Defn: The act of erasing; a rubbing out; obliteration.

ERASTIAN
E*ras"tian, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of the followers of Thomas Erastus, a German physician and
theologian of the 16th century. He held that the punishment of all
offenses should be referred to the civil power, and that holy
communion was open to all. In the present day, an Erastian is one who
would see the church placed entirely under the control of the State.
Shipley.

ERASTIANISM
E*ras"tian*ism, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The principles of the Erastains.

ERASURE
E*ra"sure, n. Etym: [From Erase.]

Defn: The act of erasing; a scratching out; obliteration.

ERATIVE
Er"a*tive, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the Muse Erato who presided over amatory poetry.
Stormonth.

ERATO
Er"a*to, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The Muse who presided over lyric and amatory poetry.

ERBIUM
Er"bi*um, n. Etym: [NL. from Ytterby, in Sweden, where gadolinite is
found. Cf. Terbium, Yttrium, Ytterbium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element associated with several other rare
elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden. Symbol Er.
Atomic weight 165.9. Its salts are rose-colored and give
characteristic spectra. Its sesquioxide is called erbia.

ERCEDEKEN
Er`ce*de"ken, n. Etym: [OE., fr. pref. erce- = archi- + deken a
deacon.]

Defn: An archdeacon. [Obs.]

ERD
Erd, n. Etym: [OE. erd, eard, earth, land, country, AS. eard; akin to
OS. ard dwelling place, OHG. art plowing, tillage, Icel. öredh crop,
and to L. arare to plow, E. ear to plow.]

Defn: The earth. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Erd shrew (Zoöl.), the common
European shrew (Sorex vulgaris); the shrewmouse.

ERE
Ere, prep. & adv. Etym: [AS. , prep., adv., & conj.; akin to OS.,
OFries., & OHG. , G. eher, D. eer, Icel. ar, Goth. air. sq. root204.
Cf. Early, Erst, Or, adv.]

1. Before; sooner than. [Archaic or Poetic]
Myself was stirring ere the break of day. Shak.
Ere sails were spread new oceans to explore. Dryden.
Sir, come down ere my child die. John iv. 49.

2. Rather than.
I will be thrown into Etna, . . . ere I will leave her. Shak.
Ere long, before, shortly. Shak.
 -- Ere now, formerly, heretofore. Shak.
 -- Ere that, and Or are. Same as Ere. Shak.

ERE
Ere, v. t.

Defn: To plow. [Obs.] See Ear, v. t. Chaucer.

EREBUS
Er"e*bus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Greek Myth.)

Defn: A place of nether darkness, being the gloomy space through
which the souls passed to Hades. See Milton's "Paradise Lost," Book
II., line 883.

2. (Greek Myth.)

Defn: The son of Chaos and brother of Nox, who dwelt in Erebus.
To the infernal deep, with Erebus and tortures vile. Shak.

ERECT
E*rect", a. Etym: [L. erectus, p. p. of erigere to erect; e out +
regere to lead straight. See Right, and cf. Alert.]

1. Upright, or having a vertical position; not inverted; not leaning
or bent; not prone; as, to stand erect.
Two of far nobler shape, erect and tall. Milton.
Among the Greek colonies and churches of Asia, Philadelphia is still
erect -- a column of ruins. Gibbon.

2. Directed upward; raised; uplifted.
His piercing eyes, erect, appear to view Superior worlds, and look
all nature through. Pope.

3. Bold; confident; free from depression; undismayed.
But who is he, by years Bowed, but erect in heart Keble.

4. Watchful; alert.
Vigilant and erect attention of mind. Hooker.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: Standing upright, with reference to the earth's surface, or to
the surface to which it is attached.

6. (Her.)

Defn: Elevated, as the tips of wings, heads of serpents, etc.

ERECT
E*rect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Erected; p. pr. & vb. n. Erecting.]

1. To raise and place in an upright or perpendicular position; to set
upright; to raise; as, to erect a pole, a flagstaff, a monument, etc.

2. To raise, as a building; to build; to construct; as, to erect a
house or a fort; to set up; to put together the component parts of,
as of a machine.

3. To lift up; to elevate; to exalt; to magnify.
That didst his state above his hopes erect. Daniel.
I, who am a party, am not to erect myself into a judge. Dryden.

4. To animate; to encourage; to cheer.
It raiseth the dropping spirit, erecting it to a loving complaisance.
Barrow.

5. To set up as an assertion or consequence from premises, or the
like. "To erect conclusions." Sir T. Browne. "Malebranche erects this
proposition." Locke.

6. To set up or establish; to found; to form; to institute. "To erect
a new commonwealth." Hooker. Erecting shop (Mach.), a place where
large machines, as engines, are put together and adjusted.

Syn.
 -- To set up; raise; elevate; construct; build; institute;
establish; found.

ERECT
E*rect", v. i.

Defn: To rise upright. [Obs.]
By wet, stalks do erect. Bacon.

ERECTABLE
E*rect"a*ble a.

Defn: Capable of being erected; as, an erectable feather. Col. G.
Montagu.

ERECTER
E*rect"er, n.

Defn: An erector; one who raises or builds.

ERECTILE
E*rect"ile, a. Etym: [Cf. F. érectile.]

Defn: Capable of being erected; susceptible of being erected of
dilated. Erectile tissue (Anat.), a tissue which is capable of being
greatly dilated and made rigid by the distension of the numerous
blood vessels which it contains.

ERECTILITY
E`rec*til"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being erectile.

ERECTION
E*rec"tion, n. Etym: [L. erectio: cf. F. érection.]

1. The act of erecting, or raising upright; the act of constructing,
as a building or a wall, or of fitting together the parts of, as a
machine; the act of founding or establishing, as a commonwealth or an
office; also, the act of rousing to excitement or courage.

2. The state of being erected, lifted up, built, established, or
founded; exaltation of feelings or purposes.
Her peerless height my mind to high erection draws up. Sidney

3. State of being stretched to stiffness; tension.

4. Anything erected; a building of any kind.

5. (Physiol.)

Defn: The state of a part which, from having been soft, has become
hard and swollen by the accumulation of blood in the erectile tissue.

ERECTIVE
E*rect"ive, a.

Defn: Making erect or upright; raising; tending to erect.

ERECTLY
E*rect"ly, adv.

Defn: In an erect manner or posture.

ERECTNESS
E*rect"ness, n.

Defn: Uprightness of posture or form.

ERECTO-PATENT
E*rec"to-pat"ent, a.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a position intermediate between erect and patent, or
spreading.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Standing partially spread and erect; -- said of the wings of
certain insects.

ERECTOR
E*rec"tor, n.

1. One who, or that which, erects.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which raises any part.

3. (Physics)

Defn: An attachment to a microscope, telescope, or other optical
instrument, for making the image erect instead of inverted.

ERELONG
Ere`long", adv.

Defn: Before the ere long.
A man, . . . following the stag, erelong slew him. Spenser.
The world, erelong, a world of tears must weep. Milton.

EREMACAUSIS
Er`e*ma*cau"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A gradual oxidation from exposure to air and moisture, as in
the decay of old trees or of dead animals.

EREMITAGE
Er"e*mit*age, n.

Defn: See Hermitage.

EREMITE
Er"e*mite, n. Etym: [See Hermit.]

Defn: A hermit.
Thou art my heaven, and I thy eremite. Keats.

EREMITIC; EREMITICAL
Er`e*mit"ic, Er`e*mit"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an eremite; hermitical; living in solitude.
"An eremitical life in the woods." Fuller. "The eremitic instinct."
Lowell.

EREMITISH
Er"e*mi`tish, a.

Defn: Eremitic. Bp. Hall.

EREMITISM
Er"e*mit*ism, n.

Defn: The state of a hermit; a living in seclusion from social life.

EREPTATION
E`rep*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. erepere to creep out; e out + repere to
creep.]

Defn: A creeping forth. [Obs.]

EREPTION
E*rep"tion, n. Etym: [L. ereptio, fr. eripere to snatch away; e out +
rapere to snatch.]

Defn: A snatching away. [Obs.] Cockeram.

ERETHISM
Er"e*thism, n. Etym: [Gr. éréthisme.] (Med.)

Defn: A morbid degree of excitement or irritation in an organ.
Hoblyn.

ERETHISTIC
Er`e*this"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Relating to erethism.

EREWHILE; EREWHILES
Ere`while", Ere`whiles", adv.

Defn: Some time ago; a little while before; heretofore. [Archaic]
I am as fair now as I was erewhile. Shak.

ERF
Erf, n.; pl. Erven. Etym: [D.]

Defn: A garden plot, usually about half an acre. [Cape Colony]

ERG
Erg, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)

Defn: The unit of work or energy in the C. G. S. system, being the
amount of work done by a dyne working through a distance of one
centimeter; the amount of energy expended in moving a body one
centimeter against a force of one dyne. One foot pound is equal to
13,560,000 ergs.

ERGAL
Er"gal, n. [G., fr. Gr.  work.] (Physics)

Defn: Potential energy; negative value of the force function.

ERGAT
Er"gat, v. t. Etym: [L. ergo therefore.]

Defn: To deduce logically, as conclusions. [Obs.] Hewyt.

ERGMETER
Erg"me`ter, n.  [Erg + -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring energy in ergs.

ERGO
Er"go, conj. or adv. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Therefore; consequently; -- often used in a jocular way. Shak.

ERGOGRAPH
Er"go*graph, n. [Gr.  work + -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring and recording the work done by a
single muscle or set of muscles, the rate of fatigue, etc. --
Er`go*graph"ic (#), a.

ERGOMETER
Er*gom"e*ter, n. [Gr.  work + -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: A device for measuring, or an instrument for indicating, energy
expended or work done; a dynamometer. -- Er`go*met"ric (#), a.

ERGON
Er"gon, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  work.] (Physics)
 (a) Work, measured in terms of the quantity of heat to which it is
equivalent.
 (b) = Erg.

ERGOT
Er"got, n. Etym: [F. ergot, argot, lit., a spur.]

1. A diseased condition of rye and other cereals, in which the grains
become black, and often spur-shaped. It is caused by a parasitic
fungus, Claviceps purpurea.

2. The mycelium or spawn of this fungus infecting grains of rye and
wheat. It is a powerful remedial agent, and also a dangerous poison,
and is used as a means of hastening childbirth, and to arrest
bleeding.

3. (Far.)

Defn: A stub, like soft horn, about the size of a chestnut, situated
behind and below the pastern joint.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: See 2d Calcar, 3 (b).

ERGOTIC
Er*got"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, ergot; as, ergotic acid.

ERGOTIN
Er"go*tin, n. (Med.)

Defn: An extract made from ergot.

ERGOTINE
Er"go*tine. (Chem.)

Defn: A powerful astringent alkaloid extracted from ergot as a brown,
amorphous, bitter substance. It is used to produce contraction of the
uterus.

ERGOTISM
Er"go*tism, n. Etym: [F. ergotisme, fr. L. ergo.]

Defn: A logical deduction. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ERGOTISM
Er"got*ism, n. Etym: [From Ergot, n.; cf. F. ergotisme.] (Med.)

Defn: A diseased condition produced by eating rye affected with the
ergot fungus.

ERGOTIZED
Er"got*ized, a.

Defn: Affected with the ergot fungus; as, ergotized rye.

ERIACH; ERIC
Er"i*ach, Er"ic, n. Etym: [Ir. eiric.] (Old Irish Law)

Defn: A recompense formerly given by a murderer to the relatives of
the murdered person.

ERICA
E*ri"ca, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. erice heath, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubby plants, including the heaths, many of them
producing beautiful flowers.

ERICACEOUS
Er`i*ca"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to the Heath family, or resembling plants of that
family; consisting of heats.

ERICINOL
E*ric"i*nol, n. Etym: [NL. ericaceae the Heath family + L. oleum
oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless oil (quickly becoming brown), with a pleasant odor,
obtained by the decomposition of ericolin.

ERICIUS
E*ri"ci*us, n. Etym: [L., a hedgehog.]

Defn: The Vulgate rendering of the Hebrew word qipod, which in the
"Authorized Version" is translated bittern, and in the Revised
Version, porcupine.
I will make it [Babylon] a possession for the ericius and pools of
waters. Is. xiv. 23 (Douay version).

ERICOLIN
E*ric"o*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside found in the bearberry (and others of the
Ericaceæ), and extracted as a bitter, yellow, amorphous mass.

ERIDANUS
E*rid"a*nus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A long, winding constellation extending southward from Taurus
and containing the bright star Achernar.

ERIGIBLE
Er"i*gi*ble, a. Etym: [See Erect.]

Defn: Capable of being erected. [Obs.]

ERIN
E"rin, n. Etym: [Ir. Cf. Aryan.]

Defn: An early, and now a poetic, name of Ireland.

ERINACEOUS
Er`i*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. erinaceus hedgehog.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of the Hedgehog family; like, or characteristic of, a hedgehog.

ERINGO
E*rin"go, n.

Defn: The sea holly. See Eryngo.

ERINITE
Er"i*nite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous arseniate of copper, of an emerald-green color; -- so
called from Erin, or Ireland, where it occurs.

ERINYS
E*rin"ys, n.; pl. Erinyes. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: An avenging deity; one of the Furies; sometimes, conscience
personified. [Written also Erinnys.]

ERIOMETER
E`ri*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Opt.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the diameters of minute particles
or fibers, from the size of the colored rings produced by the
diffraction of the light in which the objects are viewed.

ERISTALIS
E*ris"ta*lis, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of dipterous insects whose young (called rat-tailed
larvæ) are remarkable for their long tapering tail, which spiracles
at the tip, and for their ability to live in very impure and salt
waters; -- also called drone fly.

ERISTIC; ERISTICAL
E*ris"tic, E*ris"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Controversial. [Archaic]
A specimen of admirable special pleading in the court of eristic
logic. Coleridge.

ERKE
Erke, a. Etym: [Cf. Irk.]

Defn: ASlothful. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

ERLKING
Erl"king`, n. Etym: [G. erlkönig, fr. Dan. ellekonge elfking.]

Defn: A personification, in German and Scandinavian mythology, of a
spirit natural power supposed to work mischief and ruin, esp. to
children.

ERME
Erme, v. i. Etym: [OE. ermen, AS. yrman. Cf. Yearn.]

Defn: To grieve; to feel sad. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ERMELIN; ERMILIN
Er"me*lin, Er"mi*lin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Ermine. Shenstone.

ERMIN
Er"min, n. Etym: [OF. Ermin, L. Armenius.]

Defn: An Armenian. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ERMINE
Er"mine, n. Etym: [OF. ermine, F. hermine, prob. of German origin;
cf. OHG. harmo, G. hermelin, akin to Lith. szarm, szarmonys, weasel,
cf. AS. hearma; but cf. also LL. armelinus, armellina, hermellina,
and pellis Armenia, the fur of the Armenian rat, mus Armenius, the
animal being found also in Armenia.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A valuable fur-bearing animal of the genus Mustela (M.
erminea), allied to the weasel; the stoat. It is found in the
northern parts of Asia, Europe, and America. In summer it is brown,
but in winter it becomes white, except the tip of the tail, which is
always black.

2. The fur of the ermine, as prepared for ornamenting garments of
royalty, etc., by having the tips of the tails, which are black,
arranged at regular intervals throughout the white.

3. By metonymy, the office or functions of a judge, whose state robe,
lined with ermine, is emblematical of purity and honor without stain.
Chatham.

4. (Her.)

Defn: One of the furs. See Fur (Her.)

Note: Ermine is represented by an argent field, tufted with black.
Ermines is the reverse of ermine, being black, spotted or timbered
with argent. Erminois is the same as ermine, except that or is
substituted for argent. Ermine moth (Zoöl.), a white moth with black
spots (esp. Yponomeuta padella of Europe); -- so called on account of
the resemblance of its covering to the fur of the ermine; also
applied to certain white bombycid moths of America.

ERMINE
Er"mine, v. t.

Defn: To clothe with, or as with, ermine.
The snows that have ermined it in the winter. Lowell.

ERMINED
Er"mined, a.

Defn: Clothed or adorned with the fur of the ermine. Pope.

ERMINES; ERMINOIS
Er"mines, n., Er"min*ois (, n. (Her.)

Defn: See Note under Ermine, n., 4.

ERMIT
Er"mit, n. Etym: [See Hermit.]

Defn: A hermit. [Obs.]

ERN; ERNE
Ern, Erne, n. Etym: [AS. earn eagle; akin to D. arend, OHG. aro, G.
aar, Icel., Sw., & Dan. örn, Goth. ara, and to Gr. Ornithology.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea eagle, esp. the European white-tailed sea eagle
(Haliæetus albicilla).

ERN
Ern, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Erme.]

Defn: To stir with strong emotion; to grieve; to mourn.

Note: [Corrupted into yearn in modern editions of Shakespeare.]
[Obs.]

ERNEST
Er"nest, n.

Defn: See Earnest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ERNESTFUL
Er"nest*ful, a. Etym: [See Earnest, a.]

Defn: Serious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ERODE
E*rode", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eroded; p. pr. & vb. n. Eroding.] Etym:
[L. erodere, erosum; e out + rodere to gnaw. See Rodent.]

Defn: To eat into or away; to corrode; as, canker erodes the flesh.
"The blood . . . erodes the vessels." Wiseman.
The smaller charge is more apt to . . . erode the gun. Am. Cyc.

ERODED
E*rod"ed, p. p. & a.

1. Eaten away; gnawed; irregular, as if eaten or worn away.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the edge worn away so as to be jagged or irregularly
toothed.

ERODENT
E*rod"ent, n. Etym: [L. erodens, -entis, p. pr. of erodere. See
Erode.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicine which eats away extraneous growths; a caustic.

EROGATE
Er"o*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Erogated; p. pr. & vb. n. Erogating.]
Etym: [L. erogatus, p. p. of erogare; e out + rogare to ask.]

Defn: To lay out, as money; to deal out; to expend. [Obs.]

EROGATION
Er`o*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. erogatio.]

Defn: The act of giving out or bestowing. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

EROS
E"ros, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Greek Myth.)

Defn: Love; the god of love; -- by earlier writers represented as one
of the first and creative gods, by later writers as the son of
Aphrodite, equivalent to the Latin god Cupid.

EROSE
E*rose", a. Etym: [L. erosus, p. p. See Erode.]

1. Irregular or uneven as if eaten or worn away.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Jagged or irregularly toothed, as if nibbled out or gnawed.
 -- E*rose"ly, adv.

EROSION
E*ro"sion, n. Etym: [L. erosio. See Erode.]

1. The act or operation of eroding or eating away.

2. The state of being eaten away; corrosion; canker.

EROSIVE
E*ro"sive, a.

Defn: That erodes or gradually eats away; tending to erode;
corrosive. Humble.

EROSTRATE
E*ros"trate, a. Etym: [Pref. e- out + rostrate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Without a beak.

EROTEME
Er"o*teme, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A mark indicating a question; a note of interrogation.

EROTESIS
Er`o*te"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure o
Must I give way and room to your rash choler Shall I be frighted when
a madman stares Shak.

EROTIC; EROTICAL
E*rot"ic, E*rot"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. érotique. See Eros.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the passion of love; treating of love;
amatory.

EROTIC
E*rot"ic, n.

Defn: An amorous composition or poem.

EROTICISM
E*rot"i*cism, n.

Defn: Erotic quality.

ERPETOLOGIST
Er`pe*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: Herpetologist.

ERPETOLOGY
Er`pe*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. erpétologie.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Herpetology.

ERR
Err, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Erred; p. pr. & vb. n. Erring (; 277, 85).]
Etym: [F. errer, L. errare; akin to G. irren, OHG. irran, v. t., irr,
v. i., OS. irrien, Sw. irra, Dan. irre, Goth, aírzjan to lead astray,
airzise astray.]

1. To wander; to roam; to stray. [Archaic] "Why wilt thou err from
me" Keble.
What seemeth to you, if there were to a man an hundred sheep and one
of them hath erred. Wyclif (Matt. xviii. 12).

2. To deviate from the true course; to miss the thing aimed at. "My
jealous aim might err." Shak.

3. To miss intellectual truth; to fall into error; to mistake in
judgment or opinion; to be mistaken.
The man may err in his judgment of circumstances. Tillotson.

4. To deviate morally from the right way; to go astray, in a
figurative sense; to do wrong; to sin.
Do they not err that devise evil Prov. xiv. 22.

5. To offend, as by erring.

ERRABLE
Er"ra*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to error; fallible.

ERRABLENESS
Er"ra*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Liability to error. Dr. H. More.

ERRABUND
Er"ra*bund, a. Etym: [L. errabundus.]

Defn: Erratic. "Errabund guesses." Southey.

ERRANCY
Er"ran*cy, n. Etym: [L. errantia.]

Defn: A wandering; state of being in error.

ERRAND
Er"rand, n. Etym: [OE. erende, erande, message, business, AS. ærende,
ærend; akin to OS. arundi, OHG. arunti, Icel. eyrendi, örendi,
erendi, Sw. ärende, Dan. ærende; perh. akin to AS. earu swift, Icel.
örr, and to L. oriri to rise, E. orient.]

Defn: A special business intrusted to a messenger; something to be
told or done by one sent somewhere for the purpose; often, a verbal
message; a commission; as, the servant was sent on an errand; to do
an errand. Also, one's purpose in going anywhere.
I have a secret errand to thee, O king. Judg. iii. 19.
I will not eat till I have told mine errand. Gen. xxiv. 33.
mission.

ERRANT
Er"rant, a. Etym: [F. errant, p. pr. fr. OF. errer to travel, LL.
iterare, fr. L. iter journey; confused somewhat with L. errare to
err. See Eyre, and cf. Arrant, Itinerant.]

1. Wandering; deviating from an appointed course, or from a direct
path; roving.
Seven planets or errant stars in the lower orbs of heaven. Sir T.
Browne.

2. Notorious; notoriously bad; downright; arrant.
Would make me an errant fool. B. Jonson.

3. (Eng. Law)

Defn: Journeying; itinerant; -- formerly applied to judges who went
on circuit and to bailiffs at large. Mozley & W.

ERRANT
Er"rant, n.

Defn: One who wanders about. [Obs.] Fuller.

ERRANTIA
Er*ran"ti*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. errare to wander. See Err.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of chætopod annelids, including those that are not
confined to tubes. See Chætopoda. [Written also Errantes.]

ERRANTRY
Er"rant*ry, n.

1. A wandering; a roving; esp., a roving in quest of adventures.
Addison.

2. The employment of a knight-errant. Johnson.

ERRATA
Er*ra"ta, n. pl. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Erratum.

ERRATIC
Er*rat"ic, a. Etym: [L. erraticus, fr. errare to wander: cf. F.
erratique. See Err.]

1. Having no certain course; roving about without a fixed
destination; wandering; moving; -- hence, applied to the planets as
distinguished from the fixed stars.
The earth and each erratic world. Blackmore.

2. Deviating from a wise of the common course in opinion or conduct;
eccentric; strange; queer; as, erratic conduct.

3. Irregular; changeable. "Erratic fever." Harvey. Erratic blocks,
gravel, etc. (Geol.), masses of stone which have been transported
from their original resting places by the agency of water, ice, or
other causes.
 -- Erratic phenomena, the phenomena which relate to transported
materials on the earth's surface.

ERRATIC
Er*rat"ic, n.

1. One who deviates from common and accepted opinions; one who is
eccentric or preserve in his intellectual character.

2. A rogue. [Obs.] Cockeram.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: Any stone or material that has been borne away from its
original site by natural agencies; esp., a large block or fragment of
rock; a bowlder.

Note: In the plural the term is applied especially to the loose
gravel and stones on the earth's surface, including what is called
drift.

ERRATICAL
Er*rat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Erratic.
 -- Er*rat"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Er*rat"ic*al*ness, n.

ERRATION
Er*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. erratio. See Err.]

Defn: A wandering; a roving about. [Obs.] Cockeram.

ERRATUM
Er*ra"tum, n.; pl. Errata. Etym: [L., fr. errare, erratum, to wander,
err. See Err.]

Defn: An error or mistake in writing or printing.
A single erratum may knock out the brains of a whole passage. Cowper.

ERRHINE
Er"rhine, n. Etym: [Gr. errhin.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicine designed to be snuffed up the nose, to promote
discharges of mucus; a sternutatory. Coxe.
 -- a.

Defn: Causing or increasing secretion of nasal mucus.

ERRONEOUS
Er*ro"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. erroneus, fr. errare to err. See Err.]

1. Wandering; straying; deviating from the right course; -- hence,
irregular; unnatural. [Obs.] "Erroneous circulation." Arbuthnot.
Stopped much of the erroneous light, which otherwise would have
disturbed the vision. Sir I. Newman.

2. Misleading; misled; mistaking. [Obs.]
An erroneous conscience commands us to do what we ought to omit. Jer.
Taylor.

3. Containing error; not conformed to truth or justice; incorrect;
false; mistaken; as, an erroneous doctrine; erroneous opinion,
observation, deduction, view, etc.
 -- Er*ro"ne*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Er*ro"ne*ous*ness, n.

ERROR
Er"ror, n. Etym: [OF. error, errur, F. erreur, L. error, fr. errare
to err. See Err.]

1. A wandering; a roving or irregular course. [Obs.]
The rest of his journey, his error by sea. B. Jonson.

2. A wandering or deviation from the right course or standard;
irregularity; mistake; inaccuracy; something made wrong or left
wrong; as, an error in writing or in printing; a clerical error.

3. A departing or deviation from the truth; falsity; false notion;
wrong opinion; mistake; misapprehension.
Herror, though his candor remained unimpaired. Bancroft.

4. A moral offense; violation of duty; a sin or transgression;
iniquity; fault. Ps. xix. 12.

5. (Math.)

Defn: The difference between the approximate result and the true
result; -- used particularly in the rule of double position.

6. (Mensuration)
(a) The difference between an observed value and the true value of a
quantity.
(b) The difference between the observed value of a quantity and that
which is taken or computed to be the true value; -- sometimes called
residual error.

7. (Law.)

Defn: A mistake in the proceedings of a court of record in matters of
law or of fact.

8. (Baseball)

Defn: A fault of a player of the side in the field which results in
failure to put out a player on the other side, or gives him an
unearned base. Law of error, or Law of frequency of error
(Mensuration), the law which expresses the relation between the
magnitude of an error and the frequency with which that error will be
committed in making a large number of careful measurements of a
quantity.
 -- Probable error. (Mensuration) See under Probable.
 -- Writ of error (Law), an original writ, which lies after judgment
in an action at law, in a court of record, to correct some alleged
error in the proceedings, or in the judgment of the court. Bouvier.
Burrill.

Syn.
 -- Mistake; fault; blunder; failure; fallacy; delusion;
hallucination; sin. See Blunder.

ERRORFUL
Er"ror*ful, a.

Defn: Full of error; wrong. Foxe.

ERRORIST
Er"ror*ist, n.

Defn: One who encourages and propagates error; one who holds to
error.

ERS
Ers, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. ervum a kind of pulse, bitter vetch.]
(Bot.)

Defn: The bitter vetch (Ervum Ervilia).

ERSE
Erse, n. Etym: [A modification of Irish, OE. Irishe.]

Defn: A name sometimes given to that dialect of the Celtic which is
spoken in the Highlands of Scotland; -- called, by the Highlanders,
Gaelic.

ERSE
Erse, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Celtic race in the Highlands of
Scotland, or to their language.

ERSH
Ersh, n.

Defn: See Arrish.

ERST
Erst, adv. Etym: [Orig. superlative of ere; AS. . See Ere.] [Archaic]

1. First. Chaucer.

2. Previously; before; formerly; heretofore. Chaucer.
Tityrus, with whose style he had erst disclaimed all ambition to
match his pastoral pipe. A. W. Ward.
At erst, at first; at the beginning.
 -- Now at erst, at this present time. Chaucer.

ERSTWHILE
Erst`while", adv.

Defn: Till then or now; heretofore; formerly. [Archaic]

ERUBESCENCE; ERUBESCENCY
Er`u*bes"cence, Er`u*bes"cen*cy, n. Etym: [L. erubescentia: cf. F.
érubescence.]

Defn: The act of becoming red; redness of the skin or surface of
anything; a blushing.

ERUBESCENT
Er`u*bes"cent, a. Etym: [L. erubescens, p. pr. erubescere to grow
red; e out + rubescere. See Rubescent.]

Defn: Red, or reddish; blushing. Johnson.

ERUBESCITE
Er`u*bes"cite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Bornite.

ERUCA
E*ru"ca, n.; pl. Erucæ. Etym: [L., a caterpillar, also, a sort of
colewort.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect in the larval state; a caterpillar; a larva.

ERUCIC
E*ru"cic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, a genus of cruciferous
Mediterranean herbs (Eruca or Brassica); as, erucic acid, a fatty
acid resembling oleic acid, and found in colza oil, mustard oil, etc.

ERUCIFROM
E*ru"ci*from, a. Etym: [Eruca + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the form of a caterpillar; -- said of insect larvæ.

ERUCT; ERUCTATE
E*ruct", E*ruc"tate, v. t. Etym: [L. eructare; e out + ructare to
belch: cf. F. éructer.]

Defn: To eject, as wind, from the stomach; to belch. [R.] Howell.

ERUCTATION
Er`uc*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. eructatio: cf. F. éructation.]

1. The act of belching wind from the stomach; a belch.

2. A violent belching out or emitting, as of gaseous or other matter
from the crater of a volcano, geyser, etc.

ERUDIATE
E*ru"di*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. erudire.]

Defn: To instruct; to educate; to teach. [Obs.]
The skillful goddess there erudiates these In all she did. Fanshawe.

ERUDITE
Er"u*dite, a. Etym: [L. eruditus, p. p. of erudire to free from
rudeness, to polish, instruct; e out + rudis rude: cf. F. érudit. See
Rude.]

Defn: Characterized by extensive reading or knowledge; well
instructed; learned. "A most erudite prince." Sir T. More. "Erudite .
. . theology." I. Taylor.
 -- Er"u*dite`ly, adv.
 -- Er"u*dite`ness, n.

ERUDITION
Er`u*di"tion, n. Etym: [L. eruditio: cf. F. érudition.]

Defn: The act of instructing; the result of thorough instruction; the
state of being erudite or learned; the acquisitions gained by
extensive reading or study; particularly, learning in literature or
criticism, as distinct from the sciences; scholarship.
The management of a young lady's person is not be overlooked, but the
erudition of her mind is much more to be regarded. Steele.
The gay young gentleman whose erudition sat so easily upon him.
Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Literature; learning. See Literature.

ERUGATE
Er"u*gate, a. Etym: [L. erugatus, p. p. of erugare to smooth; e out +
ruga wrinkle.]

Defn: Freed from wrinkles; smooth.

ERUGINOUS
E*ru"gi*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. érugineux. See Æruginous.]

Defn: Partaking of the substance or nature of copper, or of the rust
copper; resembling the trust of copper or verdigris; æruginous.

ERUMPENT
E*rum"pent, a. Etym: [L. erumpens, -entis, p. pr. of erumpere.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Breaking out; -- said of certain fungi which burst through the
texture of leaves.

ERUPT
E*rupt", v. t. Etym: [See Eruption.]

Defn: To cause to burst forth; to eject; as, to erupt lava. Huxley.

ERUPTION
E*rup"tion, n. Etym: [L. eruptio, fr. erumpere, eruptum, to break
out; e out + rumpere, to break: cf. F. éruption. See Rupture.]

1. The act of breaking out or bursting forth; as: (a) A violent
throwing out of flames, lava, etc., as from a volcano of a fissure in
the earth's crust. (b) A sudden and overwhelming hostile movement of
armed men from one country to another. Milton. (c) A violent
commotion.
All Paris was quiet . . . to gather fresh strength for the next day's
eruption. W. Irving.

2. That which bursts forth.

3. A violent exclamation; ejaculation.
He would . . . break out into bitter and passionate eruditions. Sir
H. Wotton.

4. (Med.)

Defn: The breaking out of pimples, or an efflorescence, as in
measles, scarlatina, etc.

ERUPTIONAL
E*rup"tion*al, a.

Defn: Eruptive. [R.] R. A. Proctor.

ERUPTIVE
E*rup"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. éruptif.]

1. Breaking out or bursting forth.
The sudden glance Appears far south eruptive through the cloud.
Thomson.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Attended with eruption or efflorescence, or producing it; as,
an eruptive fever.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: Produced by eruption; as, eruptive rocks, such as the igneous
or volcanic.

ERUPTIVE
E*rup"tive, n. (Geol.)

Defn: An eruptive rock.

ERYNGIUM
E*ryn"gi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. eryngion, erynge.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of umbelliferous plants somewhat like thistles in
appearance. Eryngium maritimum, or sea holly, has been highly
esteemed as an aphrodisiac, the roots being formerly candied.

ERYNGO
E*ryn"go, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Eryngium.

ERYSIPELAS
Er`y*sip"e*las, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Red, and Pell, n.] (Med.)

Defn: St. Anthony's fire; a febrile disease accompanied with a
diffused inflammation of the skin, which, starting usually from a
single point, spreads gradually over its surface. It is usually
regarded as contagious, and often occurs epidemically.

ERYSIPELATOID
Er`y*si*pel"a*toid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resembling erysipelas.

ERYSIPELATOUS
Er`y*si*pel"a*tous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. érysipélateux.]

Defn: Resembling erysipelas, or partaking of its nature.

ERYSIPELOUS
Er`y*sip"e*lous, a.

Defn: Erysipelatous.

ERYTHEMA
Er`y*the"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A disease of the skin, in which a diffused inflammation forms
rose-colored patches of variable size.

ERYTHEMATIC
Er`y*the*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. érythématique.] (Med.)

Defn: Characterized by, or causing, a morbid redness of the skin;
relating to erythema.

ERYTHEMATOUS
Er`y*them"a*tous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Relating to, or causing, erythema.

ERYTHREAN; ERYTHRAEAN
Er`y*thre"an, Er`y*thræ"an, a. Etym: [L. erythraeus; Gr.

Defn: Red in color. "The erythrean main." Milton.

ERYTHRIC
E*ryth"ric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, erythrin.

ERYTHRIN; ERYTHRINE
E*ryth"rin, E*ryth"rine, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless crystalline substance, C20H22O10, extracted from
certain lichens, as the various species of Rocella. It is a
derivative of orsellinic acid. So called because of certain red
compounds derived from it. Called also erythric acid.

2. (Min.)

Defn: See Erythrite, 2.

ERYTHRINA
Er`y*thri"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous plants growing in the tropics; coral
tree; -- so called from its red flowers.

ERYTHRISM
E*ryth"rism, n. Etym: [Gr. érythrisme.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A condition of excessive redness. See Erythrochroism.

ERYTHRITE
E*ryth"rite, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless crystalline substance, C4H6.(OH)4, of a sweet,
cooling taste, extracted from certain lichens, and obtained by the
decomposition of erythrin; -- called also erythrol, erythroglucin,
erythromannite, pseudorcin, cobalt bloom, and under the name phycite
obtained from the alga Protococcus vulgaris. It is a tetrabasic
alcohol, corresponding to glycol and glycerin.

2. (Min.)

Defn: A rose-red mineral, crystallized and earthy, a hydrous
arseniate of cobalt, known also as cobalt bloom; -- called also
erythrin or erythrine.

ERYTHROCHROIC
E*ryth`ro*chro"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having, or subject to, erythrochroism.

ERYTHROCHROISM
E*ryth"ro*chro*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An unusual redness, esp. in the plumage of birds, or hair of
mammals, independently of age, sex, or season.

ERYTHRODEXTRIN
E*ryth`ro*dex"trin, n. Etym: [Gr. dextrin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A dextrin which gives a red color with iodine. See Dextrin.

ERYTHROGEN
E*ryth"ro*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Chem.)
(a) Carbon disulphide; -- so called from certain red compounds which
it produces in combination with other substances.
(b) A substance reddened by acids, which is supposed to be contained
in flowers.
(c) A crystalline substance obtained from diseased bile, which
becomes blood-red when acted on by nitric acid or ammonia.

ERYTHROGRANULOSE
E*ryth`ro*gran"u*lose, n. Etym: [Gr. granulose.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A term applied by Brücke to a substance present in small amount
in starch granules, colored red by iodine.

ERYTHROID
Er"y*throid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid: cf. Gr.

Defn: Of a red color; reddish; as, the erythroid tunic (the cremaster
muscle).

ERYTHROLEIC
Er`y*thro"le*ic, a. Etym: [Gr. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having a red color and oily appearance; -- applied to a purple
semifluid substance said to be obtained from archil.

ERYTHROLEIN
Er`y*thro"le*in, n. Etym: [See Erythroleic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A red substance obtained from litmus.

ERYTHROLITMIN
E*ryth`ro*lit"min, n. Etym: [Gr. litmus.] (Chem.)

Defn: Erythrolein.

ERYTHRONIUM
Er`y*thro"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A name originally given (from its red acid) to the metal
vanadium. [R.]

ERYTHROPHLEINE
E*ryth`ro*phle"ine (; 104), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline alkaloid, extracted from sassy bark
(Erythrophleum Guineense).

ERYTHROPHYLL; ERYTHROPHYLLIN
E*ryth"ro*phyll, Er`y*throph"yl*lin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Bot.)

Defn: The red coloring matter of leaves, fruits, flowers, etc., in
distinction from chlorophyll.

ERYTHROSIN
E*ryth"ro*sin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)
(a) A red substance formed by the oxidation of tyrosin.
(b) A red dyestuff obtained from fluoresceïn by the action of iodine.

ERYTHROXYLON
Er`y*throx"y*lon, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs or small trees of the Flax family, growing in
tropical countries. E. Coca is the source of cocaine. See Coca.

ERYTHROZYME
E*ryth"ro*zyme, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A ferment extracted from madder root, possessing the power of
inducing alcoholic fermentation in solutions of sugar.

ESCALADE
Es`ca*lade", n. Etym: [F., Sp. escalada (cf. It. scalata), fr. Sp.
escalar to scale, LL. scalare, fr. L. scala ladder. See Scale, v. t.]
(Mil.)

Defn: A furious attack made by troops on a fortified place, in which
ladders are used to pass a ditch or mount a rampart.
Sin enters, not by escalade, but by cunning or treachery.
Buckminster.

ESCALADE
Es`ca*lade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Escaladed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Escalading.] (Mil.)

Defn: To mount and pass or enter by means of ladders; to scale; as,
to escalate a wall.

ESCALATOR
Es"ca*la`tor, n. [NL. Cf. Escalade.]

Defn: A stairway or incline arranged like an endless belt so that the
steps or treads ascend or descend continuously, and one stepping upon
it is carried up or down; -- a trade term.

ESCALLOP
Es*cal"lop, n.

Defn: See Escalop.

ESCALLOPED
Es*cal"loped, a.

Defn: See Escaloped.

ESCALOP
Es*cal"op, n. Etym: [OF. escalope shell, F. escalope a sort of cut of
meat. See Scallop.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bivalve shell of the genus Pecten. See Scallop.

2. A regular, curving indenture in the margin of anything. See
Scallop. "So many jags or escalops." Ray.

3.
(a) The figure or shell of an escalop, considered as a sign that the
bearer had been on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Hence:
(b) (Her.) A bearing or a charge consisting of an escalop shell.

ESCALOPED
Es*cal"oped, a.

1. Cut or marked in the form of an escalop; scalloped.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Covered with a pattern resembling a series of escalop shells,
each of which issues from between two others. Its appearance is that
of a surface covered with scales. Escaloped oysters (Cookery). See
under Scalloped.

ESCAMBIO
Es*cam"bi*o, n. Etym: [LL. escambium, excambium. See Excamb.] (Eng.
Law)

Defn: A license formerly required for the making over a bill of
exchange to another over sea. Cowell.

ESCAPABLE
Es*cap"a*ble, a.

Defn: Avoidable.

ESCAPADE
Es`ca*pade", n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. escapada escape, fr. escapar to
escape; or F., fr. It. scappata escape, escapade, fr. scappare to
escape. see Escape.]

1. The fling of a horse, or ordinary kicking back of his heels; a
gambol.

2. Act by which one breaks loose from the rules of propriety or good
sense; a freak; a prank. Carlyle.

ESCAPE
Es*cape", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Escaped; p. pr. & vb. n. Escaping.]
Etym: [OE. escapen, eschapen, OF. escaper, eschaper, F. echapper, fr.
LL. ex cappa out of one's cape or cloak; hence, to slip out of one's
cape and escape. See 3d Cape, and cf. Scape, v.]

1. To flee from and avoid; to be saved or exempt from; to shun; to
obtain security from; as, to escape danger. "Sailors that escaped the
wreck." Shak.

2. To avoid the notice of; to pass unobserved by; to evade; as, the
fact escaped our attention.
They escaped the search of the enemy. Ludlow.

ESCAPE
Es*cape", v. i.

1. To flee, and become secure from danger; -- often followed by from
or out of.
Haste, for thy life escape, nor look behindKeble.

2. To get clear from danger or evil of any form; to be passed without
harm.
Such heretics . . . would have been thought fortunate, if they
escaped with life. Macaulay.

3. To get free from that which confines or holds; -- used of persons
or things; as, to escape from prison, from arrest, or from slavery;
gas escapes from the pipes; electricity escapes from its conductors.
To escape out of these meshes. Thackeray.

ESCAPE
Es*cape", n.

1. The act of fleeing from danger, of evading harm, or of avoiding
notice; deliverance from injury or any evil; flight; as, an escape in
battle; a narrow escape; also, the means of escape; as, a fire
escape.
I would hasten my escape from the windy storm. Ps. lv. 8.

2. That which escapes attention or restraint; a mistake; an
oversight; also, transgression. [Obs.]
I should have been more accurate, and corrected all those former
escapes. Burton.

3. A sally. "Thousand escapes of wit." Shak.

4. (Law)

Defn: The unlawful permission, by a jailer or other custodian, of a
prisoner's departure from custody.

Note: Escape is technically distinguishable from prison breach, which
is the unlawful departure of the prisoner from custody, escape being
the permission of the departure by the custodian, either by
connivance or negligence. The term escape, however, is applied by
some of the old authorities to a departure from custody by stratagem,
or without force. Wharton.

5. (Arch.)

Defn: An apophyge.

6. Leakage or outflow, as of steam or a liquid.

7. (Elec.)

Defn: Leakage or loss of currents from the conducting wires, caused
by defective insulation. Escape pipe (Steam Boilers), a pipe for
carrying away steam that escapes through a safety valve.
 -- Escape valve (Steam Engine), a relief valve; a safety valve. See
under Relief, and Safety.
 -- Escape wheel (Horol.), the wheel of an escapement.

ESCAPEMENT
Es*cape"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. échappement. See Escape.]

1. The act of escaping; escape. [R.]

2. Way of escape; vent. [R.]
An escapement for youthful high spirits. G. Eliot.

3. The contrivance in a timepiece which connects the train of wheel
work with the pendulum or balance, giving to the latter the impulse
by which it is kept in vibration; -- so called because it allows a
tooth to escape from a pallet at each vibration.

Note: Escapements are of several kinds, as the vertical, or verge, or
crown, escapement, formerly used in watches, in which two pallets on
the balance arbor engage with a crown wheel; the anchor escapement,
in which an anchor-shaped piece carries the pallets; -- used in
common clocks (both are called recoil escapements, from the recoil of
the escape wheel at each vibration); the cylinder escapement, having
an open-sided hollow cylinder on the balance arbor to control the
escape wheel; the duplex escapement, having two sets of teeth on the
wheel; the lever escapement, which is a kind of detached escapement,
because the pallets are on a lever so arranged that the balance which
vibrates it is detached during the greater part of its vibration and
thus swings more freely; the detent escapement, used in chronometers;
the remontoir escapement, in which the escape wheel is driven by an
independent spring or weight wound up at intervals by the clock
train, -- sometimes used in astronomical clocks. When the shape of an
escape-wheel tooth is such that it falls dead on the pallet without
recoil, it forms a deadbeat escapement.

ESCAPER
Es*cap"er, n.

Defn: One who escapes.

ESCARBUNCLE
Es*car"bun*cle, n. Etym: [OF. escarbuncle, F. escaboucle.] (Her.)

Defn: See Carbuncle, 3.

ESCARGATOIRE
Es*car`ga*toire", n. Etym: [F. escargotière, fr. escargot snail.]

Defn: A nursery of snails. [Obs.] Addison.

ESCARP
Es*carp", n. Etym: [F. escarpe (cf. Sp. escarpa, It. scarpa), fr.
escarper to cut steep, cut to a slope, prob. of German origin: cf. G.
scharf sharp,, E. sharp, or perh. scrape.] (Fort.)

Defn: The side of the ditch next the parapet; -- same as scarp, and
opposed to counterscarp.

ESCARP
Es*carp", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Escarped; p. pr. & vb. n. Escarping.]
(Mil.)

Defn: To make into, or furnish with, a steep slope, like that of a
scrap. Carleton.

ESCARPMENT
Es*carp"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. escarpement.]

Defn: A steep descent or declivity; steep face or edge of a ridge;
ground about a fortified place, cut away nearly vertically to prevent
hostile approach. See Scarp.

-ESCENT
-es"cent. Etym: [From the ending -escens, -entis, of the p. pr. of
inchoative verbs in Latin.]

Defn: A suffix signifying beginning, beginning to be; as, adolescent,
effervescent, etc.

ESCHALOT
Esch`a*lot", n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Shallot.

ESCHAR
Es"char, n. Etym: [L. eschara, Gr. eschare. See Scar.] (Med.)

Defn: A dry slough, crust, or scab, which separates from the healthy
part of the body, as that produced by a burn, or the application of
caustics.

ESCHAR
Es"char, n. Etym: [Ir.] (Geol.)

Defn: In Ireland, one of the continuous mounds or ridges of gravelly
and sandy drift which extend for many miles over the surface of the
country. Similar ridges in Scotland are called kames or kams.
[Written also eskar and esker.]

ESCHARA
Es"cha*ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Bryozoa which produce delicate corals, often
incrusting like lichens, but sometimes branched.

ESCHARINE
Es"cha*rine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the genus Eschara, or family Escharidæ.

ESCHAROTIC
Es`cha*rot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. escharotique.] (Med.)

Defn: Serving or tending to form an eschar;; producing a scar;
caustic.

ESCHAROTIC
Es`cha*rot"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A substance which produces an eschar; a caustic, esp., a mild
caustic.

ESCHATOLOGICAL
Es`cha*to*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the last or final things.

ESCHATOLOGY
Es`cha*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The doctrine of the last or final things, as death, judgment,
and the events therewith connected.

ESCHAUNGE
Es*chaunge", n.

Defn: Exchange. [Obs.]

ESCHEAT
Es*cheat", n. Etym: [OE. eschete, escheyte, an escheat, fr. OF.
escheit, escheoit, escheeite, esheoite, fr. escheoir (F. échoir) to
fall to, fall to the lot of; pref. es- (L. ex) + cheoir, F. choir, to
fall, fr. L. cadere. See Chance, and cf. Cheat.]

1. (Law)
(a) (Feud. & Eng. Law) The falling back or reversion of lands, by
some casualty or accident, to the lord of the fee, in consequence of
the extinction of the blood of the tenant, which may happen by his
dying without heirs, and formerly might happen by corruption of
blood, that is, by reason of a felony or attainder. Tomlins.
Blackstone.
(b) (U. S. Law) The reverting of real property to the State, as
original and ultimate proprietor, by reason of a failure of persons
legally entitled to hold the same.

Note: A distinction is carefully made, by English writers, between
escheat to the lord of the fee and forfeiture to the crown. But in
this country, where the State holds the place of chief lord of the
fee, and is entitled to take alike escheat and by forfeiture, this
distinction is not essential. Tomlins. Kent.
(c) A writ, now abolished, to recover escheats from the person in
possession. Blackstone.

2. Lands which fall to the lord or the State by escheat.

3. That which falls to one; a reversion or return
To make me great by others' loss is bad escheat. Spenser.

ESCHEAT
Es*cheat", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Esheated; p. pr. & vb. n. Escheating.]
(Law)

Defn: To revert, or become forfeited, to the lord, the crown, or the
State, as lands by the failure of persons entitled to hold the same,
or by forfeiture.

Note: In this country it is the general rule that when the title to
land fails by defect of heirs or devisees, it necessarily escheats to
the State; but forfeiture of estate from crime is hardly known in
this country, and corruption of blood is universally abolished. Kent.
Bouvier.

ESCHEAT
Es*cheat", v. t. (Law)

Defn: To forfeit. Bp. Hall.

ESCHEATABLE
Es*cheat"a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to escheat.

ESCHEATAGE
Es*cheat"age (; 48), n.

Defn: The right of succeeding to an escheat. Sherwood.

ESCHEATOR
Es*cheat"or, n. (Law)

Defn: An officer whose duty it is to observe what escheats have taken
place, and to take charge of them. Burrill.

ESCHEVIN
Es"che*vin, n. Etym: [OF. eschevin, a sort of magistrate, alderman,
F. échevin.]

Defn: The alderman or chief officer of an ancient guild. [Obs.]

ESCHEW
Es*chew", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eshewed; p. pr. & vb. n. Eshewing.]
Etym: [OF. eschever, eschiver, eskiver, F. esquiver, fr. OHG.
sciuhen, G. scheuen; akin to E. sky. See Shy, a.]

1. To shun; to avoid, as something wrong, or from a feeling of
distaste; to keep one's self clear of.
They must not only eschew evil, but do good. Bp. Beveridge.

2. To escape from; to avoid. [Obs.]
He who obeys, destruction shall eschew. Sandys.

ESCHEWER
Es*chew"er, n.

Defn: One who eschews.

ESCHEWMENT
Es*chew"ment, n.

Defn: The act of eschewing. [R.]

ESCHSCHOLTZIA
Esch*scholtz"i*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named after Dr. Eschscholtz, a German
botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of papaveraceous plants, found in California and upon
the west coast of North America, some species of which produce
beautiful yellow, orange, rose-colored, or white flowers; the
California poppy.

ESCHYNITE
Es"chy*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A rare mineral, containing chiefly niobium, titanium, thorium,
and cerium. It was so called by Berzelius on account of the inability
of chemical science, at the time of its discovery, to separate some
of its constituents.

ESCOCHEON
Es*coch"eon, n.

Defn: Escutcheon. [Obs.]

ESCOPET; ESCOPETTE
Es`co*pet", Es`co*pette", n. Etym: [Sp. escopeta, F. escopette.]

Defn: A kind of firearm; a carbine.

ESCORIAL
Es*co"ri*al, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: See Escurial.

ESCORT
Es"cort, n. Etym: [F. escorte, It. scorta a guard or guide, fr.
scorgere to perceive, discern, lead, fr. L. ex out, quite + corrigere
to correct, set right. See Correct.]

1. A body of armed men to attend a person of distinction for the sake
of affording safety when on a journey; one who conducts some one as
an attendant; a guard, as of prisoners on a march; also, a body of
persons, attending as a mark of respect or honor; -- applied to
movements on land, as convoy is to movements at sea.
The troops of my escort marched at the ordinary rate. Burke.

2. Protection, care, or safeguard on a journey or excursion; as, to
travel under the escort of a friend.

ESCORT
Es*cort", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Escorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Escorting.]
Etym: [Cf. F. escorter, It. scortare. See Escort, n.]

Defn: To attend with a view to guard and protect; to accompany as
safeguard; to give honorable or ceremonious attendance to; -- used
esp. with reference to journeys or excursions on land; as, to escort
a public functionary, or a lady; to escort a baggage wagon.

Syn.
 -- To accompany; attend. See Accompany.

ESCOT
Es*cot", n. Etym: [OF.]

Defn: See Scot, a tax. [Obs.]

ESCOT
Es*cot", v. t.

Defn: To pay the reckoning for; to support; to maintain. [Obs.] Shak.

ESCOUADE
Es`couade", n.

Defn: See Squad,

ESCOUT
Es*cout", n.

Defn: See Scout. [Obs.] Hayward.

ESCRIBED
Es*cribed", a. Etym: [L. e out, out of + scribere to write.]

Defn: Drawn outside of; -- used to designate a circle that touches
one of the sides of a given triangle, and also the other two sides
produced.

ESCRIPT
Es"cript, n. Etym: [OF.]

Defn: A writing. [Obs.]

ESCRITOIRE
Es`cri*toire", n. Etym: [OF. escritoire, F. écritoire, LL.
scriptorium, fr. L. scriptorius belonging to writing, fr. sribere to
write. See Script, and cf. Scrutoire.]

Defn: A piece of furniture used as a writing table, commonly with
drawers, pigeonholes, and the like; a secretary or writing desk.

ESCRITORIAL
Es`cri*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an escritoire.

ESCROD
Es*crod", n.

Defn: See Scrod, a young cod.

ESCROL; ESCROLL
Es*crol", Es*croll", n. Etym: [See Escrow, Scroll.]

1. A scroll. [Obs.]

2. (Her.)
(a) A long strip or scroll resembling a ribbon or a band of
parchment, or the like, anciently placed above the shield, and
supporting the crest.
(b) In modern heraldry, a similar ribbon on which the motto is
inscribed.

ESCROW
Es"crow, n. Etym: [OF. escroe, escroue, a roll of writings, bond. See
Scroll.] (Law)

Defn: A deed, bond, or other written engagement, delivered to a third
person, to be held by him till some act is done or some condition is
performed, and then to be by him delivered to the grantee.
Blackstone.

ESCUAGE
Es"cu*age (; 48), n. Etym: [OF. escuage, F. écuage, from OF. escu
shield, F. écu. See Esquire.] (Feud. Law)

Defn: Service of the shield, a species of knight service by which a
tenant was bound to follow his lord to war, at his own charge. It was
afterward exchanged for a pecuniary satisfaction. Called also
scutage. Blackstone.

ESCULAPIAN
Es`cu*la"pi*an, n.

Defn: Æsculapian.

ESCULAPIUS
Es`cu*la"pi*us, n.

Defn: Same as Æsculapius.

ESCULENT
Es"cu*lent, a. Etym: [L. esculentus, fr. escare to eat, fr. esca
food, fr. edere to eat: cf. F. esculent. See Eat.]

Defn: Suitable to be used by man for food; eatable; edible; as,
esculent plants; esculent fish.
Esculent grain for food. Sir W. Jones.
Esculent swallow (Zoöl.), the swallow which makes the edible bird's-
nest. See Edible bird's-nest, under Edible.

ESCULENT
Es"cu*lent, n.

Defn: Anything that is fit for eating; that which may be safely eaten
by man.

ESCULIC
Es*cu"lic, a. Etym: [From NL. Aesculus, the generic name of the
horse-chestnut, fr. L. aesculus a kind of oak.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, the horse-chestnut; as,
esculic acid.

ESCULIN
Es*cu"lin, n. Etym: [See Esculic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside obtained from the Æsculus hippocastanum, or horse-
chestnut, and characterized by its fine blue fluorescent solutions.
[Written also æsculin.]

ESCURIAL
Es*cu"ri*al, n. Etym: [Prop. Sp. escorial, i. e., a hill or heap of
rubbish, earth, and stones brought out of a mine, fr. escoria dross
of metal, L. scoria, fr. Gr. Scoria.]

Defn: A palace and mausoleum of the kinds of Spain, being a vast and
wonderful structure about twenty-five miles northwest of Madrid.

Note: The ground plan is said to be in the form of a gridiron, the
structure being designed in honor of St. Lawrence, who suffered
martyrdom by being broiled on gridiron; but the resemblance is very
slight. It is nearly square, inclosing several courts, and has a
projecting mass which stands for the handle.

ESCUTCHEON
Es*cutch"eon, n. Etym: [OF. escusson, F. écusson, from OF. escu
shield, F. écu. See Esquire, Scutcheon.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: The surface, usually a shield, upon which bearings are
marshaled and displayed. The surface of the escutcheon is called the
field, the upper part is called the chief, and the lower part the
base (see Chiff, and Field.). That side of the escutcheon which is on
the right hand of the knight who bears the shield on his arm is
called dexter, and the other side sinister.

Note: The two sides of an escutcheon are respectively designated as
dexter and sinister, as in the cut, and the different parts or points
by the following names: A, Dexter chief point; B, Middle chief point;
C, Sinister chief point; D, Honor or color point; E, Fesse or heart
point; F, Nombrill or navel point; G, Dexter base point; H, Middle
base point; I, base point.

2. A marking upon the back of a cow's udder and the space above it
(the perineum), formed by the hair growing upward or outward instead
of downward. It is esteemed an index of milking qualities. C. L.
Flint.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: That part of a vessel's stern on which her name is written. R.
H. Dane, Jr.

4. (Carp.)

Defn: A thin metal plate or shield to protect wood, or for ornament,
as the shield around a keyhole.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The depression behind the beak of certain bivalves; the
ligamental area. Escutcheon of pretense, an escutcheon used in
English heraldry to display the arms of the bearer's wife; -- not
commonly used unless she an heiress. Cf. Impalement.

ESCUTCHEONED
Es*cutch"eoned, a.

Defn: Having an escutcheon; furnished with a coat of arms or ensign.
Young.

ESE
Ese, n.

Defn: Ease; pleasure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ESEMPLASTIC
Es`em*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. Plastic.]

Defn: Shaped into one; tending to, or formative into, unity. [R.]
Coleridge.

ESERINE
Es"er*ine (; 104), n. Etym: [From native name of the Calabar bean:
cf. F. ésérine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found in the Calabar bean, and the seed of
Physostigma venenosum; physostigmine. It is used in ophthalmic
surgery for its effect in contracting the pupil.

ESEXUAL
E*sex"u*al, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + sexual.] (Biol.)

Defn: Sexless; asexual.

ESGUARD
Es*guard", n. Etym: [Cf. OF. esgart regard, F. égard. See Guard.]

Defn: Guard. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

ESKAR; ESKER
Es"kar, or Es"ker, n. (Geol.)

Defn: See Eschar.

ESKIMO
Es"ki*mo, n.; pl. Eskimos. Etym: [Originally applied by the
Algonquins to the Northern Indians, and meaning eaters of raw flesh.]
(Ethnol.)

Defn: One of a peculiar race inhabiting Arctic America and Greenland.
In many respects the Eskimos resemble the Mongolian race. [Written
also Esquimau.] Eskimo dog (Zoöl.), one of breed of large and
powerful dogs used by the Eskimos to draw sledges. It closely
resembles the gray wolf, with which it is often crossed.

ESLOIN
Es*loin", v. t. Etym: [See Eloign.]

Defn: To remove; to banish; to withdraw; to avoid; to eloign. [Obs.]
From worldly cares he did himself esloin. Spenser.

ESNECY
Es"ne*cy, n. Etym: [See Eigne.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: A prerogative given to the eldest coparcener to choose first
after an inheritance is divide. Mozley & W.

ESODIC
E*sod"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Conveying impressions from the surface of the body to the
spinal cord; -- said of certain nerves. Opposed to exodic.

ESOPHAGAL
E*soph"a*gal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Esophageal.

ESOPHAGEAL
E`so*phag"e*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the esophagus. [Written also .]

ESOPHAGEAN
E`so*phag"e*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Esophageal.

ESOPHAGOTOMY
E*soph`a*got"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of making an incision into the esophagus, for the
purpose of removing any foreign substance that obstructs the passage.
[Written also oesophagotomy.]

ESOPHAGUS
E*soph"a*gus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. vi to go, drive) + (Anat.)

Defn: That part of the alimentary canal between the pharynx and the
stomach; the gullet. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus, under
Digestive. [Written also .]

ESOPIAN; ESOPIC
E*so"pi*an, E*so"pic, a.

Defn: Same as Æsopian, Æsopic.

ESOTERIC
Es`o*ter"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. In.]

Defn: Designed for, and understood by, the specially initiated alone;
not communicated, or not intelligible, to the general body of
followers; private; interior; acroamatic; -- said of the private and
more recondite instructions and doctrines of philosophers. Opposed to
exoteric.
Enough if every age produce two or three critics of this esoteric
class, with here and there a reader to understand them. De Quincey.

ESOTERICAL
Es`o*ter"ic*al, a.

Defn: Esoteric.

ESOTERICALLY
Es`o*ter"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an esoteric manner.

ESOTERICISM
Es`o*ter"i*cism, n.

Defn: Esoteric doctrine or principles.

ESOTERICS
Es`o*ter"ics, n.

Defn: Mysterious or hidden doctrines; secret science.

ESOTERY
Es"o*ter*y, n.

Defn: Mystery; esoterics; -- opposed to exotery. A. Tucker.

ESOX
E"sox, n. Etym: [L., a kind of pike.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fresh-water fishes, including pike and pickerel.

ESPACE
Es*pace", n.

Defn: Space. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ESPADON
Es"pa*don, n. Etym: [F. espadon, fr. Sp. espadon, fr. espada sword;
or fr. It. spadone an espadon, spada sword.]

Defn: A long, heavy, two-handed and two-edged sword, formerly used by
Spanish foot soldiers and by executioners. Wilhelm.

ESPALIER
Es*pal"ier, n. Etym: [F. espalier, fr. It. spalliera, fr. spalla
shoulder, the same word as F. épaule. See Epaulet.] (Hort.)

Defn: A railing or trellis upon which fruit trees or shrubs are
trained, as upon a wall; a tree or row of trees so trained.
And figs from standard and espalier join. Pope.

ESPALIER
Es*pal"ier, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Espaliered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Espaliering.]

Defn: To form an espalier of, or to protect by an espalier.

ESPARCET
Es*par"cet, n. Etym: [F. esparcet, esparcette, éparcet, fr. Sp.
esparceta, esparcilla.] (Bot.)

Defn: The common sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa), an Old World
leguminous forage plant.

ESPARTO
Es*par"to, n. Etym: [Sp.; cf. L. spartum Spanish broom, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Spanish grass (Macrochloa tenacissima), of which
cordage, shoes, baskets, etc., are made. It is also used for making
paper.

ESPAULIERE
Es`pau`liere", n. Etym: [OF. & F. épaulière. See Espalier.]

Defn: A defense for the shoulder, composed of flexible overlapping
plates of metal, used in the 15th century; -- the origin of the
modern epaulette. Fairholt.

ESPECIAL
Es*pe"cial, a. Etym: [OF. especial, F. spécial, L. specialis, fr.
species a particular sort, kind, or quality. See Species, and cf.
Special.]

Defn: Distinguished among others of the same class or kind; special;
concerning a species or a single object; principal; particular; as,
in an especial manner or degree.

Syn.
 -- Peculiar; special; particular; uncommon; chief. See Peculiar.

ESPECIALLY
Es*pe"cial*ly, adv.

Defn: In an especial manner; chiefly; particularly; peculiarly; in an
uncommon degree.

ESPECIALNESS
Es*pe"cial*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being especial.

ESPERANCE
Es"pe*rance, n. Etym: [F. espérance, fr. L. sperans, p. pr. of
sperare to hope.]

Defn: Hope. [Obs.] Shak.

ESPERANTO
Es`pe*ran"to, n.

Defn: An artificial language, intended to be universal, devised by
Dr. Zamenhof, a Russian, who adopted the pseudonym "Dr. Esperanto" in
publishing his first pamphlet regarding it in 1887. The vocabulary is
very largely based upon words common to the chief European languages,
and sounds peculiar to any one language are eliminated. The spelling
is phonetic, and the accent (stress) is always on the penult. --
Es`pe*ran"tist (#), n.

ESPIAILLE
Es`pi*aille", n.

Defn: Espial. [Obs.]

ESPIAL
Es*pi"al, n. Etym: [OE. & Norm. F. espiaille. See Espy.]

1. The act of espying; notice; discovery.
Screened from espial by the jutting cape. Byron.

2. One who espies; a spy; a scout. [Obs.] "Their espials . . .
brought word." Holland.

ESPIER
Es*pi"er, n.

Defn: One who espies. Harmar.

ESPINEL
Es"pi*nel, n.

Defn: A kind of ruby. See Spinel.

ESPIONAGE
Es"pi*o*nage, n. Etym: [F. espionnage, fr. espionner to spy, fr.
espion spy, OF. espie. See Espy.]

Defn: The practice or employment of spies; the practice of watching
the words and conduct of others, to make discoveries, as spies or
secret emissaries; secret watching.

ESPLANADE
Es`pla*nade", n. Etym: [F. esplanade, Sp. esplanada, explanada, cf.
It. spianata; fr. Sp. explanar to level, L. explanare to flatten or
spread out. See Explain.]

1. (Fort.)
(a) A clear space between a citadel and the nearest houses of the
town. Campbell (Mil. Dict. ).
(b) The glacis of the counterscarp, or the slope of the parapet of
the covered way toward the country.

2. (Hort.)

Defn: A grass plat; a lawn. Simmonds.

3. Any clear, level space used for public walks or drives; esp., a
terrace by the seaside.

ESPLEES
Es*plees", n. pl. Etym: [LL. expletia, OF. espleit. Cf. Exploit.]
(Old Eng. Law)

Defn: The full profits or products which ground or land yields, as
the hay of the meadows, the feed of the pasture, the grain of arable
fields, the rents, services, and the like. Cowell.

ESPOUSAGE
Es*pous"age, n.

Defn: Espousal. [Obs.] Latimer.

ESPOUSAL
Es*pous"al, n. Etym: [OF. espousailles, pl., F. épousailles, L.
sponsalia, fr. sponsalis belonging to betrothal or espousal. See
Espouse, and cf. Sponsal, Spousal.]

1. The act of espousing or betrothing; especially, in the plural,
betrothal; plighting of the troths; a contract of marriage;
sometimes, the marriage ceremony.

2. The uniting or allying one's self with anything; maintenance;
adoption; as, the espousal of a quarrel.
The open espousal of his cause. Lord Orford.

ESPOUSE
Es*pouse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Espoused; p. pr. & vb. n. Espousing.]
Etym: [OF. espouser, esposer, F. épouser, L. sponsare to betroth,
espouse, fr. sponsus betrothed, p. p. of spondere to promise solemnly
or sacredly. Cf. Spouse.]

1. To betroth; to promise in marriage; to give as spouse.
A virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph. Luke i. 27.

2. To take as spouse; to take to wife; to marry.
Lavinia will I make my empress, . . . And in the sacred Pantheon her
espouse. Shak.

3. To take to one's self with a view to maintain; to make one's own;
to take up the cause of; to adopt; to embrace. "He espoused that
quarrel." Bacon.
Promised faithfully to espouse his cause as soon as he got out of the
war. Bp. Burnet.

ESPOUSEMENT
Es*pouse"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. espousement.]

Defn: The act of espousing, or the state of being espoused.

ESPOUSER
Es*pous"er, n.

Defn: One who espouses; one who embraces the cause of another or
makes it his own.

ESPRESSIVO
Es`pres*si"vo, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: With expression.

ESPRINGAL
Es*prin"gal, n. Etym: [See Springal.] (Mil. Antiq.)

Defn: An engine of war used for throwing viretons, large stones, and
other missiles; a springal.

ESPRIT
Es`prit", n. Etym: [F. See Spirit.]

Defn: Spirit. Esprit de corps (, a French phrase much used by English
writers to denote the common spirit pervading the members of a body
or association of persons. It implies sympathy, enthusiasm, devotion,
and jealous regard for the honor of the body as a whole.

ESPY
Es*py", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Espied; p. pr. & vb. n. Espying.] Etym:
[OF. espier, F. épier, from OHG. speh to watch, spy, G. spähen; akin
to L. specere to look, species sight, shape, appearance, kind. See
Spice, Spy, and cf. Espionage.]

1. To catch sight of; to perceive with the eyes; to discover, as a
distant object partly concealed, or not obvious to notice; to see at
a glance; to discern unexpectedly; to spy; as, to espy land; to espy
a man in a crowd.
As one of them opened his sack to give his ass provender in the inn,
. . . he espied his money. Gen. xlii. 27.
A goodly vessel did I then espy Come like a giant from a haven broad.
Wordsworth.

2. To inspect narrowly; to examine and keep watch upon; to watch; to
observe.
He sends angels to espy us in all our ways. Jer. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- To discern; discover; detect; descry; spy.

ESPY
Es*py", v. i.

Defn: To look or search narrowly; to look about; to watch; to take
notice; to spy.
Stand by the way, and espy. Jer. xlviii. 19.

ESPY
Es*py", n.; pl. Espies. Etym: [OF. espie. See Espy, v., Spy.]

Defn: A spy; a scout. [Obs.] Huloet.

-ESQUE
-esque. Etym: [F., fr. It. -isco. Cf. -ish.]

Defn: A suffix of certain words from the French, Italian, and
Spanish. It denotes manner or style; like; as, arabesque, after the
manner of the Arabs.

ESQUIMAU
Es"qui*mau, n.; pl. Esquimaux. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Same as Eskimo.
It is . . . an error to suppose that where an Esquimau can live, a
civilized man can live also. McClintock.

ESQUIRE
Es*quire", n. Etym: [OF. escuyer, escuier, properly, a shield-bearer,
F. écuyer shield-bearer, armor-bearer, squire of a knight, esquire,
equerry, rider, horseman, LL. scutarius shield-bearer, fr. L. scutum
shield, akin to Gr. to cover; prob. akin to E. hide to cover. See
Hide to cover, and cf. Equerry, Escutcheon.]

Defn: Originally, a shield-bearer or armor-bearer, an attendant on a
knight; in modern times, a title of dignity next in degree below
knight and above gentleman; also, a title of office and courtesy; --
often shortened to squire.

Note: In England, the title of esquire belongs by right of birth to
the eldest sons of knights and their eldest sons in perpetual
succession; to the eldest sons of younger sons of peers and their
eldest sons in perpetual succession. It is also given to sheriffs, to
justices of the peace while in commission, to those who bear special
office in the royal household, to counselors at law, bachelors of
divinity, law, or physic, and to others. In the United States the
title is commonly given in courtesy to lawyers and justices of the
peace, and is often used in the superscription of letters instead of
Mr.

ESQUIRE
Es*quire", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Esquired; p. pr. & vb. n. Esquiring.]

Defn: To wait on as an esquire or attendant in public; to attend.
[Colloq.]

ESQUISSE
Es`quisse", n. Etym: [F. See Sketch.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: The first sketch of a picture or model of a statue.

-ESS
-ess. Etym: [OF. -esse, LL. -issa, Gr.

Defn: A suffix used to form feminine nouns; as, actress, deaconess,
songstress.

ESSAY
Es"say, n.; pl. Essays. Etym: [F. essai, fr. L. exagium a weighing,
weight, balance; ex out + agere to drive, do; cf. examen, exagmen, a
means of weighing, a weighing, the tongue of a balance, exigere to
drive out, examine, weigh, Gr. 'exa`gion a weight, 'exagia`zein to
examine, 'exa`gein to drive out, export. See Agent, and cf. Exact,
Examine, Assay.]

1. An effort made, or exertion of body or mind, for the performance
of anything; a trial; attempt; as, to make an essay to benefit a
friend. "The essay at organization." M. Arnold.

2. (Lit.)

Defn: A composition treating of any particular subject; -- usually
shorter and less methodical than a formal, finished treatise; as, an
essay on the life and writings of Homer; an essay on fossils, or on
commerce.

3. An assay. See Assay, n. [Obs.]

Syn.
 -- Attempt; trial; endeavor; effort; tract; treatise; dissertation;
disquisition.

ESSAY
Es*say", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Essayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Essaying.]
Etym: [F. essayer. See Essay, n.]

1. To exert one's power or faculties upon; to make an effort to
perform; to attempt; to endeavor; to make experiment or trial of; to
try.
What marvel if I thus essay to sing Byron.
Essaying nothing she can not perform. Emerson.
A danger lest the young enthusiast . . . should essay the impossible.
J. C. Shairp.

2. To test the value and purity of (metals); to assay. See Assay.
[Obs.] Locke.

ESSAYER
Es*say"er, n.

Defn: One who essays. Addison.

ESSAYIST
Es"say*ist, n.

Defn: A writer of an essay, or of essays. B. Jonson.

ESSENCE
Es"sence, n. Etym: [F. essence, L. essentia, formed as if fr. a p.
pr. of esse to be. See Is, and cf. Entity.]

1. The constituent elementary notions which constitute a complex
notion, and must be enumerated to define it; sometimes called the
nominal essence.

2. The constituent quality or qualities which belong to any object,
or class of objects, or on which they depend for being what they are
(distinguished as real essence); the real being, divested of all
logical accidents; that quality which constitutes or marks the true
nature of anything; distinctive character; hence, virtue or quality
of a thing, separated from its grosser parts.
The laws are at present, both in form and essence, the greatest curse
that society labors under. Landor.
Gifts and alms are the expressions, not the essence of this virtue
[charity]. Addison.
The essence of Addison's humor is irony. Courthope.

3. Constituent substance.
And uncompounded is their essence pure. Milton.

4. A being; esp., a purely spiritual being.
As far as gods and heavenly essences Can perish. Milton.
He had been indulging in fanciful speculations on spiritual essences,
until . . . he had and ideal world of his own around him. W. Irving.

5. The predominant qualities or virtues of a plant or drug, extracted
and refined from grosser matter; or, more strictly, the solution in
spirits of wine of a volatile or essential oil; as, the essence of
mint, and the like.
The . . . word essence . . . scarcely underwent a more complete
transformation when from being the abstract of the verb "to be," it
came to denote something sufficiently concrete to be inclosed in a
glass bottle. J. S. Mill.

6. Perfume; odor; scent; or the volatile matter constituting perfume.
Nor let the essences exhale. Pope.

ESSENCE
Es"sence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Essenced; p. pr. & vb. n. Essencing.]

Defn: To perfume; to scent. "Essenced fops." Addison.

ESSENE
Es*sene", n.; pl. Essenes. Etym: [Gr. asaya to heal, cf. Heb. asa.]

Defn: One of a sect among the Jews in the time of our Savior,
remarkable for their strictness and abstinence.

ESSENISM
Es"se*nism, n.

Defn: The doctrine or the practices of the Essenes. De Quincey.

ESSENTIAL
Es*sen"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. essentiel. See Essence.]

1. Belonging to the essence, or that which makes an object, or class
of objects, what it is.
Majestic as the voice sometimes became, there was forever in it an
essential character of plaintiveness. Hawthorne.

2. Hence, really existing; existent.
Is it true, that thou art but a a name, And no essential thing
Webster (1623).

3. Important in the highest degree; indispensable to the attainment
of an object; indispensably necessary.
Judgment's more essential to a general Than courage. Denham.
How to live -- that is the essential question for us. H. Spencer.

4. Containing the essence or characteristic portion of a substance,
as of a plant; highly rectified; pure; hence, unmixed; as, an
essential oil. "Mine own essential horror." Ford.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: Necessary; indispensable; -- said of those tones which
constitute a chord, in distinction from ornamental or passing tones.

6. (Med.)

Defn: Idiopathic; independent of other diseases. Essential character
(Biol.), the prominent characteristics which serve to distinguish one
genus, species, etc., from another.
 -- Essential disease, Essential fever (Med.), one that is not
dependent on another.
 -- Essential oils (Chem.), a class of volatile oils, extracted from
plants, fruits, or flowers, having each its characteristic odor, and
hot burning taste. They are used in essences, perfumery, etc., and
include many varieties of compounds; as lemon oil is a terpene, oil
of bitter almonds an aldehyde, oil of wintergreen an ethereal salt,
etc.; -- called also volatile oils in distinction from the fixed or
nonvolatile.

ESSENTIAL
Es*sen"tial, n.

1. Existence; being. [Obs.] Milton.

2. That which is essential; first or constituent principle; as, the
essentials or religion.

ESSENTIALITY
Es*sen`ti*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being essential; the essential part. Jer.
Taylor.

ESSENTIALLY
Es*sen"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In an essential manner or degree; in an indispensable degree;
really; as, essentially different.

ESSENTIALNESS
Es*sen"tial*ness, n.

Defn: Essentiality. Ld. Digby.

ESSENTIATE
Es*sen"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Essentiated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Essentiating.]

Defn: To form or constitute the essence or being of. [Obs.] Boyle.

ESSENTIATE
Es*sen"ti*ate, v. i.

Defn: To become assimilated; to be changed into the essence. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.

ESSOIN; ESSOIGN
Es*soin" or Es*soign, n. Etym: [OF. essoine, essoigne, F. exoine, L.
essonia, exonia; pref. ex- (L. ex from) + sunnis, sunnia, sonia,
hindrance, excuse. Cf. Icel. syn refusal, synja to deny, refuse,
Goth. sunja truth, sunjon to justify, OS. sunnea impediment, OHG.
sunna.]

1. (Eng. Law)

Defn: An excuse for not appearing in court at the return of process;
the allegation of an excuse to the court.

2. Excuse; exemption. [Obs.]
From every work he challenged essoin. Spenser.
Essoin day (Eng. Law), the first general return day of the term, on
which the court sits to receive essoins. Blackstone.

ESSOIN
Es*soin", v. t. Etym: [OF. essoinier, essoignier, essonier, LL.
essoniare, exoniare. See Essoin, n.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: To excuse for nonappearance in court. "I 'll not essoin thee."
Quarles.

ESSOINER
Es*soin"er, n. (Eng. Law)

Defn: An attorney who sufficiently excuses the absence of another.

ESSONITE
Es"so*nite, n. Etym: [Named from Gr. e. g., hyacinth.] (Min.)

Defn: Cinnamon stone, a variety of garnet. See Garnet.

ESSORANT
Es"so*rant, a. Etym: [F.] (Her.)

Defn: Standing, but with the wings spread, as if about to fly; --
said of a bird borne as a charge on an escutcheon.

EST
Est, n. & adv.

Defn: East. [Obs.] Chaucer.

-EST
-est. Etym: [AS. -ost, -est; akin to G. -est, -ist, Icel. -astr, -
str, Goth. -ists, -, Skr. -ish.]

Defn: A suffix used to form the superlative of adjectives and
adverbs; as, smoothest; earl(y)iest.

ESTABLISH
Es*tab"lish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Established; p. pr. & vb. n.
Establishing.] Etym: [OE. establissen, OF. establir, F. établir, fr.
L. stabilire, fr. stabilis firm, steady, stable. See Stable, a., -
ish, and cf. Stablish.]

1. To make stable or firm; to fix immovably or firmly; to set (a
thing) in a place and make it stable there; to settle; to confirm.
So were the churches established in the faith. Acts xvi. 5.
The best established tempers can scarcely forbear being borne down.
Burke.
Confidence which must precede union could be established only by
consummate prudence and self-control. Bancroft.

2. To appoint or constitute for permanence, as officers, laws,
regulations, etc.; to enact; to ordain.
By the consent of all, we were established The people's magistrates.
Shak.
Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the writing, that it be
not changed. Dan. vi. 8.

3. To originate and secure the permanent existence of; to found; to
institute; to create and regulate; -- said of a colony, a state, or
other institutions.
He hath established it [the earth], he created it not in vain, he
formed it to be inhabited. Is. xlv. 18.
Woe to him that buildeth a town with blood, and establisheth a city
by iniquity! Hab. ii. 12.

4. To secure public recognition in favor of; to prove and cause to be
accepted as true; as, to establish a fact, usage, principle, opinion,
doctrine, etc.
At the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses,
shall the matter be established. Deut. xix. 15.

5. To set up in business; to place advantageously in a fixed
condition; -- used reflexively; as, he established himself in a
place; the enemy established themselves in the citadel.

ESTABLISHED SUIT
Es*tab"lished suit. (Whist)

Defn: A plain suit in which a player (or side) could, except for
trumping, take tricks with all his remaining cards.

ESTABLISHER
Es*tab"lish*er, n.

Defn: One who establishes.

ESTABLISHMENT
Es*tab"lish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. establissement, F.
établissement.]

1. The act of establishing; a ratifying or ordaining; settlement;
confirmation.

2. The state of being established, founded, and the like; fixed
state.

3. That which is established; as: (a) A form of government, civil or
ecclesiastical; especially, a system of religion maintained by the
civil power; as, the Episcopal establishment of England. (b) A
permanent civil, military, or commercial, force or organization. (c)
The place in which one is permanently fixed for residence or
business; residence, including grounds, furniture, equipage, etc.;
with which one is fitted out; also, any office or place of business,
with its fixtures; that which serves for the carrying on of a
business; as, to keep up a large establishment; a manufacturing
establishment.
Exposing the shabby parts of the establishment. W. Irving.
Establishment of the port (Hydrography), a datum on which the tides
are computed at the given port, obtained by observation, viz., the
interval between the moon's passage over the meridian and the time of
high water at the port, on the days of new and full moon.

ESTABLISHMENTARIAN
Es*tab`lish*men*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who regards the Church primarily as an establishment formed
by the State, and overlooks its intrinsic spiritual character.
Shipley.

ESTACADE
Es`ta*cade", n. Etym: [F.; cf. It. steccata, Sp. estacada. Cf.
Stake.] (Mil.)

Defn: A dike of piles in the sea, a river, etc., to check the
approach of an enemy.

ESTAFET; ESTAFETTE
Es`ta*fet", Es`ta*fette", n. Etym: [F. estafette, cf. Sp. estafeta;
fr. It. stafetta, fr. staffa stirrup, fr. OHG. stapho footstep,
footprint, G. stapfe; akin to E. step.]

Defn: A courier who conveys messages to another courier; a military
courier sent from one part of an army to another.

ESTAMINET
Es`ta`mi`net", n. [F.]

Defn: A café, or room in a café, in which smoking is allowed.

ESTANCIA
Es*tan"ci*a, n. Etym: [Sp. See Stanza.]

Defn: A grazing; a country house. [Spanish America]

ESTATE
Es*tate", n. Etym: [OF. estat, F. état, L. status, fr. stare to
stand. See Stand, and cf. State.]

1. Settled condition or form of existence; state; condition or
circumstances of life or of any person; situation. "When I came to
man's estate." Shak.
Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate. Romans
xii. 16.

2. Social standing or rank; quality; dignity.
God hath imprinted his authority in several parts, upon several
estates of men. Jer. Taylor.

3. A person of high rank. [Obs.]
She's a duchess, a great estate. Latimer.
Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and
chief estates of Galilee. Mark vi. 21.

4. A property which a person possesses; a fortune; possessions, esp.
property in land; also, property of all kinds which a person leaves
to be divided at his death.
See what a vast estate he left his son. Dryden.

5. The state; the general body politic; the common-wealth; the
general interest; state affairs. [Obs.]
I call matters of estate not only the parts of sovereignty, but
whatsoever . . . concerneth manifestly any great portion of people.
Bacon.

6. pl.

Defn: The great classes or orders of a community or state (as the
clergy, the nobility, and the commonalty of England) or their
representatives who administer the government; as, the estates of the
realm (England), which are (1) the lords spiritual, (2) the lords
temporal, (3) the commons.

7. (Law)

Defn: The degree, quality, nature, and extent of one's interest in,
or ownership of, lands, tenements, etc.; as, an estate for life, for
years, at will, etc. Abbott. The fourth estate, a name often given to
the public press.

ESTATE
Es*tate", v. t.

1. To establish. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. Tom settle as a fortune. [Archaic] Shak.

3. To endow with an estate. [Archaic]
Then would I . . . Estate them with large land and territory.
Tennyson.

ESTATLICH; ESTATLY
Es*tat"lich, Es"tat*ly, a. Etym: [OE.]

Defn: Stately; dignified. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ESTEEM
Es*teem", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Esteemed; p. pr. & vb. n. Esteeming.]
Etym: [F. estimer, L. aestimare, aestumare, to value, estimate; perh.
akin to Skr. ish to seek, strive, and E. ask. Cf. Aim, Estimate.]

1. To set a value on; to appreciate the worth of; to estimate; to
value; to reckon.
Then he forsook God, which made him, and lightly esteemed the Rock of
his salvation. Deut. xxxii. 15.
Thou shouldst (gentle reader) esteem his censure and authority to be
of the more weighty credence. Bp. Gardiner.
Famous men, -- whose scientific attainments were esteemed hardly less
than supernatural. Hawthorne.

2. To set a high value on; to prize; to regard with reverence,
respect, or friendship.
Will he esteem thy riches Job xxxvi. 19.
You talk kindlier: we esteem you for it. Tennyson.

Syn.
 -- To estimate; appreciate; regard; prize; value; respect; revere.
See Appreciate, Estimate.

ESTEEM
Es*teem", v. i.

Defn: To form an estimate; to have regard to the value; to consider.
[Obs.]
We ourselves esteem not of that obedience, or love, or gift, which is
of force. Milton.

ESTEEM
Es*teem", n. Etym: [Cf. F. estime. See Esteem, v. t.]

1. Estimation; opinion of merit or value; hence, valuation;
reckoning; price.
Most dear in the esteem And poor in worth! Shak.
I will deliver you, in ready coin, The full and dear'st esteem of
what you crave. J. Webster.

2. High estimation or value; great regard; favorable opinion, founded
on supposed worth.
Nor should thy prowess want praise and esteem. Shak.

Syn.
 -- See Estimate, n.

ESTEEMABLE
Es*teem"a*ble, a.

Defn: Worthy of esteem; estimable. [R.] "Esteemable qualities." Pope.

ESTEEMER
Es*teem"er, n.

Defn: One who esteems; one who sets a high value on any thing.
The proudest esteemer of his own parts. Locke.

ESTER
Es"ter, n. Etym: [A word invented by L. Gmelin, a German chemist.]
(Chem.)

Defn: An ethereal salt, or compound ether, consisting of an organic
radical united with the residue of any oxygen acid, organic or
inorganic; thus the natural fats are esters of glycerin and the fatty
acids, oleic, etc.

ESTHESIOMETER
Es*the`si*om"e*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Æsthesiometer.

ESTHETE; ESTHETIC; ESTHETICAL; ESTHETICS
Es"thete, n.; Es*thet"ic (, a., Es*thet"ic*al (, a., Es*thet"ics (,
n. etc.

Defn: Same as Æsthete, Æsthetic, Æsthetical, Æsthetics, etc.

ESTIFEROUS
Es*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. aestifer; aestus fire + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Producing heat. [R.] Smart.

ESTIMABLE
Es"ti*ma*ble, a. Etym: [F. estimable, or L. aestimabilis. See
Esteem.]

1. Capable of being estimated or valued; as, estimable damage. Paley.
.

2. Valuable; worth a great price. [R.]
A pound of man's flesh, taken from a man, Is not so estimable,
profitable neither, As flesh of muttons, beefs, or goats. Shak.

3. Worth of esteem or respect; deserving our good opinion or regard.
A lady said of her two companions, that one was more amiable, the
other more estimable. Sir W. Temple.

ESTIMABLE
Es"ti*ma*ble, n.

Defn: A thing worthy of regard. [R.]
One of the peculiar estimables of her country. Sir T. Browne.

ESTIMABLENESS
Es"ti*ma*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of deserving esteem or regard.

ESTIMABLY
Es"ti*ma*bly, adv.

Defn: In an estimable manner.

ESTIMATE
Es"ti*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estimated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Estimating.] Etym: [L. aestimatus, p. p. of aestimare. See Esteem, v.
t.]

1. To judge and form an opinion of the value of, from imperfect data,
-- either the extrinsic (money), or intrinsic (moral), value; to fix
the worth of roughly or in a general way; as, to estimate the value
of goods or land; to estimate the worth or talents of a person.
It is by the weight of silver, and not the name of the piece, that
men estimate commodities and exchange them. Locke.
It is always very difficult to estimate the age in which you are
living. J. C. Shairp.

2. To from an opinion of, as to amount,, number, etc., from imperfect
data, comparison, or experience; to make an estimate of; to calculate
roughly; to rate; as, to estimate the cost of a trip, the number of
feet in a piece of land.

Syn.
 -- To appreciate; value; appraise; prize; rate; esteem; count;
calculate; number.
 -- To Estimate, Esteem. Both these words imply an exercise of the
judgment. Estimate has reference especially to the external relations
of things, such as amount, magnitude, importance, etc. It usually
involves computation or calculation; as, to estimate the loss or gain
of an enterprise. Esteem has reference to the intrinsic or moral
worth of a person or thing. Thus, we esteem a man for his kindness,
or his uniform integrity. In this sense it implies a mingled
sentiment of respect and attachment. We esteem it an honor to live in
a free country. See Appreciate.

ESTIMATE
Es"ti*mate, n.

Defn: A valuing or rating by the mind, without actually measuring,
weighing, or the like; rough or approximate calculation; as, an
estimate of the cost of a building, or of the quantity of water in a
pond.
Weigh success in a moral balance, and our whole estimate is changed.
J. C. Shairp.

Syn.
 -- Estimate, Estimation, Esteem. The noun estimate, like its verb,
supposes chiefly an exercise of judgment in determining the amount,
importance, or magnitude of things, with their other exterior
relations; as, an estimate of expenses incurred; a true estimate of
life, etc. Esteem is a moral sentiment made up of respect and
attachment, -- the valuation of a person as possessing useful
qualities or real worth. Thus we speak of the esteem of the wise and
good as a thing greatly to be desired. Estimation seems to waver
between the two. In our version of the Scriptures it is used simply
for estimate; as, "If he be poorer than thy estimation." Lev. xxvii.
8. In other cases, it verges toward esteem; as, "I know him to be of
worth and worthy estimation." Shak. It will probably settle down at
last on this latter sense. "Esteem is the value we place upon some
degree of worth. It is higher than simple approbation, which is a
decision of judgment. It is the commencement of affection." Gogan.
No; dear as freedom is, and in my heart's Just estimation prized
above all price. Cowper.

ESTIMATION
Es`ti*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. aestimatio, fr. aestimare: cf. F.
estimation. See Esteem, v. t.]

1. The act of estimating. Shak.

2. An opinion or judgment of the worth, extent, or quantity of
anything, formed without using precise data; valuation; as,
estimations of distance, magnitude, amount, or moral qualities.
If he be poorer that thy estimation, then he shall present himself
before the priest, and the priest, and the priest shall value him.
Lev. xxvii. 8.

3. Favorable opinion; esteem; regard; honor.
I shall have estimation among multitude, and honor with the elders.
Wisdom viii. 10.

4. Supposition; conjecture.
I speak not this in estimation, As what I think might be, but what I
know. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Estimate; calculation; computation; appraisement; esteem; honor;
regard. See Estimate, n.

ESTIMATIVE
Es"ti*ma*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. estimatif.]

1. Inclined, or able, to estimate; serving for, or capable of being
used in, estimating.
We find in animals an estimative or judicial faculty. Sir M. Hale.

2. Pertaining to an estimate. [R.]

ESTIMATOR
Es"ti*ma`tor, n. Etym: [L. aestimator.]

Defn: One who estimates or values; a valuer. Jer. Taylor.

ESTIVAL; ESTIVATE; ESTIVATION
Es"ti*val, a., Es"ti*vate , v. i., Es`ti*va"tion , n.

Defn: Same as Æstival, Æstivate, etc.

ESTOILE
Es`toile", n. Etym: [OF.] (Her.)

Defn: A six-pointed star whose rays are wavy, instead of straight
like those of a mullet. [Written also étoile.] Estoile of eight
points, a star which has four straight and four wavy rays.
 -- Estoile of four points. Same as Cross estoilé, under Cross.

ESTOP
Es*top", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estophed; p. pr. & vb. n. Estopping.]
Etym: [OF. estoper to stop, plug, close, F. étouper, LL. stuppare to
close with tow, obstruct, fr. L. stuppa tow, oakum, cf. Gr. Stop.]
(Law)

Defn: To impede or bar by estoppel.
A party will be estopped by his admissions, where his intent is to
influence another, or derive an advantage to himself. Abbott.

ESTOPPEL
Es*top"pel, n. Etym: [From Estop.] (Law)
(a) A stop; an obstruction or bar to one's alleging or denying a fact
contrary to his own previous action, allegation, or denial; an
admission, by words or conduct, which induces another to purchase
rights, against which the party making such admission can not take a
position inconsistent with the admission.
(b) The agency by which the law excludes evidence to dispute certain
admissions, which the policy of the law treats as indisputable.
Wharton. Stephen. Burrill.

ESTOVERS
Es*to"vers, n. pl. Etym: [OF. estoveir, estovoir, necessary,
necessity, need, prop. an infin. meaning to suit, be fit, be
necessary. See Stover.] (Law)

Defn: Necessaries or supples; an allowance to a person out of an
estate or other thing for support; as of wood to a tenant for life,
etc., of sustenance to a man confined for felony of his estate, or
alimony to a woman divorced out of her husband's estate. Blackstone.
Common of estovers. See under Common, n.

ESTRADE
Es`trade", n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. estrado, orig., a carpet on the
floor of a room, also, a carpeted platform, fr. L. stratum bed
covering. See Stratum.] (Arch.)

Defn: A portion of the floor of a room raised above the general
level, as a place for a bed or a throne; a platform; a dais.
He [the teacher] himself should have his desk on a mounted estrade or
platform. J. G. Fitch.

ESTRAMACON
Es`tra`ma`con", n. Etym: [F.]

1. A straight, heavy sword with two edges, used in the 16th and 17th
centuries.

2. A blow with edge of a sword. Farrow.

ESTRANGE
Es*trange", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estranged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Estranging.] Etym: [OF. estrangier to remove, F. étranger, L.
extraneare to treat as a stranger, from extraneus strange. See
Strange.]

1. To withdraw; to withhold; hence, reflexively, to keep at a
distance; to cease to be familiar and friendly with.
We must estrange our belief from everything which is not clearly and
distinctly evidenced. Glanvill.
Had we . . . estranged ourselves from them in things indifferent.
Hooker.

2. To divert from its original use or purpose, or from its former
possessor; to alienate.
They . . . have estranged this place, and have burned incense in it
unto other gods. Jer. xix. 4.

3. To alienate the affections or confidence of; to turn from
attachment to enmity or indifference.
I do not know, to this hour, what it is that has estranged him from
me. Pope.
He . . . had pretended to be estranged from the Whigs, and had
promised to act as a spy upon them. Macaulay.

ESTRANGEDNESS
Es*tran"ged*ness, n.

Defn: State of being estranged; estrangement. Prynne.

ESTRANGEMENT
Es*trange"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. estrangement.]

Defn: The act of estranging, or the state of being estranged;
alienation.
An estrangement from God. J. C. Shairp.
A long estrangement from better things. South.

ESTRANGER
Es*tran"ger, n.

Defn: One who estranges.

ESTRANGLE
Es*tran"gle, v. t.

Defn: To strangle. [Obs.]

ESTRAPADE
Es`tra*pade", n. Etym: [F.] (Man.)

Defn: The action of a horse, when, to get rid of his rider, he rears,
plunges, and kicks furiously.

ESTRAY
Es*tray", v. i.

Defn: To stray. [Obs.] Daniel.

ESTRAY
Es*tray" n. (Law)

Defn: Any valuable animal, not wild, found wandering from its owner;
a stray. Burrill.

ESTRE
Es"tre, n. Etym: [OF. estre state, plan.]

Defn: The inward part of a building; the interior. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ESTREAT
Es*treat", n. Etym: [OF. estraite, prop., an extract, fr. p. p. of
estraire to extract, F. extraire, fr. L.extrahere. See Extract.]
(Law)

Defn: A true copy, duplicate, or extract of an original writing or
record, esp. of amercements or penalties set down in the rolls of
court to be levied by the bailiff, or other officer. Cowell. Estreat
of a recognizance, the extracting or taking out a forfeited
recognizance from among the other records of the court, for the
purpose of a prosecution in another court, or it may be in the same
court. Burrill.

ESTREAT
Es*treat", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estreated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Estreating.] (Law)
(a) To extract or take out from the records of a court, and send up
to the court of exchequer to be enforced; -- said of a forfeited
recognizance.
(b) To bring in to the exchequer, as a fine.

ESTREPE
Es*trepe", v. t. Etym: [OF. estreper.] (Law)

Defn: To strip or lay bare, as land of wood, houses, etc.; to commit
waste.

ESTREPEMENT
Es*trepe"ment, n. Etym: [OF., damage, waste.] (Law)

Defn: A destructive kind of waste, committed by a tenant for life, in
lands, woods, or houses. Cowell.

ESTRICH
Es"trich, n.

1. Ostrich. [Obs.] Massinger.

2. (Com.)

Defn: The down of the ostrich. Brande & C.

ESTUANCE
Es"tu*ance, n. Etym: [From L. aestuans, p. pr. of aestuare. See
Estuate.]

Defn: Heat. [Obs.]

ESTUARINE
Es"tu*a*rine, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an estuary; estuary.

ESTUARY
Es"tu*a*ry, n.; pl. Estuaries. Etym: [L. aestuarium, from aestuare to
surge. See Estuate.] [Written also æstuary.]

1. A place where water boils up; a spring that wells forth. [Obs.]
Boyle.

2. A passage, as the mouth of a river or lake, where the tide meets
the current; an arm of the sea; a frith.
it to the sea was often by long and wide estuaries. Dana.

ESTUARY
Es"tu*a*ry, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or formed in, an estuary; as, estuary strata.
Lyell.

ESTUATE
Es"tu*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Estuated; p. pr. & vb. n. Estuating.]
Etym: [L. aestuare to be in violent motion, to boil up, burn, fr.
aestus boiling or undulating motion, fire, glow, heat; akin to
Gr.Ether.]

Defn: To boil up; to swell and rage; to be agitated. Bacon.

ESTUATION
Es`tu*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. aestuatio.]

Defn: The act of estuating; commotion, as of a fluid; agitation.
The estuations of joys and fears. W. Montagu.

ESTUFA
Es*tu"fa, n.; pl. Estufas. Etym: [Sp., a stove, a warm room. Cf.
Stove.]

Defn: An assembly room in dwelling of the Pueblo Indians. L. H.
Morgan.

ESTURE
Es"ture, n. Etym: [See Estuate.]

Defn: Commotion. [Obs.] Chapman.

ESURIENT
E*su"ri*ent, a. Etym: [L. esuriens, p. pr. of ensurire, fr. edere to
eat.]

Defn: Inclined to eat; hungry; voracious. [R.] Bailey. "Poor, but
esurient." Carlyle.

ESURIENT
E*su"ri*ent, n.

Defn: One who is hungry or greedy. [R.]
An insatiable esurient after riches. Wood.

ESURINE
Es"u*rine, a. Etym: [See Esurient.]

Defn: Causing hunger; eating; corroding. [Obs.] Wiseman.

ESURINE
Es"u*rine, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine which provokes appetites, or causes hunger. [Obs.]

-ET
-et. Etym: [F. -et, masc., -ette, fem. Cf. -let.]

Defn: A noun suffix with a diminutive force; as in baronet, pocket,
facet, floweret, latchet.

ETAAC
E*taac", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The blue buck.

ETACISM
E"ta*cism, n. Etym: [Gr. Itacism.] (Greek Gram.)

Defn: The pronunciation of the Greek ê (eta) like the Italian e long,
that is like a in the English word ate. See Itacism.

ETACIST
E"ta*cist, n.

Defn: One who favors etacism.

ETAGERE
É`ta`gère", n. Etym: [F., fr. étager to arrange on shelves, fr. étage
story, floor. See Stage.]

Defn: A piece of furniture having a number of uninclosed shelves or
stages, one above another, for receiving articles of elegance or use.
Fairholt.

ETAMINE
Et"a*mine, n. [F. élamine.]

Defn: A light textile fabric, like a fine bunting.

ETAPE
É`tape", n. [F. Cf. Staple a mart.]

1.

Defn: A public storehouse.

2.  Supplies issued to troops on the march; hence (Mil.),

Defn: the place where troops on the march halt over night; also, by
extension, the distance marched during a day.

3.  In Russia, a prison or stockade for the confinement of prisoners
in transit.

ETAT MAJOR
É`tat" Ma`jor". Etym: [F., fr. état state + L. major greater.] (Mil.)

Defn: The staff of an army, including all officers above the rank of
colonel, also, all adjutants, inspectors, quartermasters,
commissaries, engineers, ordnance officers, paymasters, physicians,
signal officers, judge advocates; also, the noncommissioned
assistants of the above officers.

ET CETERA; ET CAETERA
Et` cet"e*ra, Et` cæt"e*ra. Etym: [L. et and + caetera other things.]

Defn: Others of the like kind; and the rest; and so on; -- used to
point out that other things which could be mentioned are to be
understood. Usually abbreviated into etc. or &c. (&c). Shak.

ETCH
Etch, n.

Defn: A variant of Eddish. [Obs.] Mortimer.

ETCH
Etch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Etched; p. pr. & vb. n. Etching.] Etym: [D.
etsen, G. ätzen to feed, corrode, etch. MHG. etzen, causative of
ezzen to eat, G. essen Eat.]

1. To produce, as figures or designs, on mental, glass, or the like,
by means of lines or strokes eaten in or corroded by means of some
strong acid.

Note: The plate is first covered with varnish, or some other ground
capable of resisting the acid, and this is then scored or scratched
with a needle, or similar instrument, so as to form the drawing; the
plate is then covered with acid, which corrodes the metal in the
lines thus laid bare.

2. To subject to etching; to draw upon and bite with acid, as a plate
of metal.
I was etching a plate at the beginning of 1875. Hamerton.

3. To sketch; to delineate. [R.]
There are many empty terms to be found in some learned writes, to
which they had recourse to etch out their system. Locke.

ETCH
Etch, v. i.

Defn: To practice etching; to make etchings.

ETCHER
Etch"er, n.

Defn: One who etches.

ETCHING
Etch"ing, n.

1. The act, art, or practice of engraving by means of acid which eats
away lines or surfaces left unprotected in metal, glass, or the like.
See Etch, v. t.

2. A design carried out by means of the above process; a pattern on
metal, glass, etc., produced by etching.

3. An impression on paper, parchment, or other material, taken in ink
from an etched plate. Etching figures (Min.), markings produced on
the face of a crystal by the action of an appropriate solvent. They
have usually a definite form, and are important as revealing the
molecular structure.
 -- Etching needle, a sharp-pointed steel instrument with which lines
are drawn in the ground or varnish in etching.
 -- Etching stitch (Needlework), a stitch used outline embroidery.

ETEOSTIC
E`te*os"tic, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A kind of chronogram. [R.] B. Jonson.

ETERMINABLE
E*ter"mi*na*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + terminable.]

Defn: Interminable. [Obs.] Skelton.

ETERN; ETERNE
E*tern" or E*terne", a. Etym: [OF. eterne, L. aeternus, for
aeviturnus, fr. aevum age. See Age, and cf. Eternal.]

Defn: Eternal. [Poetic] Shak.
Built up to eterne significance. Mrs. Browning.

ETERNAL
E*ter"nal, a. Etym: [F. éternel, L. aeternalis, fr. aeternus. See
Etern.]

1. Without beginning or end of existence; always existing.
The eternal God is thy refuge. Deut. xxxiii. 27.
To know wether there were any real being, whose duration has been
eternal. Locke.

2. Without end of existence or duration; everlasting; endless;
immortal.
That they may also obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus,
with eternal glory. 2 Tim. ii. 10.

3. Continued without intermission; perpetual; ceaseless; constant.
And fires eternal in thy temple shine. Dryden.

4. Existing at all times without change; immutable.
Hobbes believed the eternal truths which he opposed. Dryden.
What are the eternal objects of poetry among all nations, and at all
times M. Arnold.

5. Exceedingly great or bad; -- used as a strong intensive. "Some
eternal villain." The Eternal City, an appellation of Rome.

Syn.
 -- Everlasting; endless; infinite; ceaseless; perpetual;
interminable. See Everlasting.

ETERNAL
E*ter"nal, n.

1. One of the appellations of God.
Law whereby the Eternal himself doth work. Hooker.

2. That which is endless and immortal. Young.

ETERNALIST
E*ter"nal*ist, n.

Defn: One who holds the existence of matter to be from eternity. T.
Burnet.

ETERNALIZE
E*ter"nal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make eternal. Shelton.

ETERNALLY
E*ter"nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In an eternal manner.
That which is morally good or evil at any time or in any case, must
be also eternally and unchangeably so. South.
Where western gales eternally reside. Addison.

ETERNE
E*terne", a.

Defn: See Etern.

ETERNIFY
E*ter"ni*fy, v. t.

Defn: To make eternal. [Obs.]
Fame . . . eternifies the name. Mir. for Mag.

ETERNITY
E*ter"ni*ty, n.; pl. Eternities. Etym: [F. éternité, L. aeternitas,
fr. aeternus. See Etern.]

1. Infinite duration, without beginning in the past or end in the
future; also, duration without end in the future; endless time.
The high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternity. Is. lvii. 15.

2. Condition which begins at death; immortality.
Thou know'st 't is common; all that lives must die, Passing through
nature to eternity. Shak.

ETERNIZATION
E*ter`ni*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of eternizing; the act of rendering immortal or famous.

ETERNIZE
E*ter"nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eternized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Eterniziing.] Etym: [Cf. F. éterniser.]

1. To make eternal or endless.
This other [gift] served but to eternize woe. Milton.

2. To make forever famous; to immortalize; as, to eternize one's
self, a name, exploits.
St. Alban's battle won by famous York, Shall be eternized in all age
to come. Shak.

ETESIAN
E*te"sian, a. Etym: [L. etesiae, pl., periodic winds, Gr. étésien.]

Defn: Periodical; annual; -- applied to winds which annually blow
from the north over the Mediterranean, esp. the eastern part, for an
irregular period during July and August.

ETHAL
Eth"al, n. Etym: [Ether + alcohol: cf. F. éthal.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white waxy solid, C16H33.OH; -- called also cetylic alcohol.
See Cetylic alcohol, under Cetylic.

ETHANE
Eth"ane, n. Etym: [From Ether.] (Chem.)

Defn: A gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H6, forming a constituent of ordinary
illuminating gas. It is the second member of the paraffin series, and
its most important derivatives are common alcohol, aldehyde, ether,
and acetic acid. Called also dimethyl.

ETHE
Ethe, a. Etym: [See Eath.]

Defn: Easy. [Obs.] Spenser.

ETHEL
Eth"el, a. Etym: [AS. e, æ. See Atheling.]

Defn: Noble. [Obs.]

ETHENE
Eth"ene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Ethylene; olefiant gas.

ETHENIC
E*then"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from. or resembling, ethene or ethylene;
as, ethenic ether.

ETHENYL
Eth"e*nyl, n. Etym: [Ethene + -yl.] (Chem.)
(a) A trivalent hydrocarbon radical, CH3.C.
(b) A univalent hydrocarbon radical of the ethylene series, CH2:CH; -
- called also vinyl. See Vinyl.

ETHEOSTOMOID
E`the*os"to*moid, a. Etym: [NL. etheostoma name of a genus + -oid.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, the genus Etheostoma.
 -- n.

Defn: Any fish of the genus Etheostoma and related genera, allied to
the perches; -- also called darter. The etheostomoids are small and
often bright-colored fishes inhabiting the fresh waters of North
America. About seventy species are known. See Darter.

ETHER
E"ther, n. Etym: [L. aether, Gr. idh, indh, and prob. to E. idle: cf.
F. éther.] [Written also æther.]

1. (Physics)

Defn: A medium of great elasticity and extreme tenuity, supposed to
pervade all space, the interior of solid bodies not excepted, and to
be the medium of transmission of light and heat; hence often called
luminiferous ether.

2. Supposed matter above the air; the air itself.

3. (Chem.)
(a) A light, volatile, mobile, inflammable liquid, (C2H5)2O, of a
characteristic aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of alcohol
with sulphuric acid, and hence called also sulphuric ether. It is
powerful solvent of fats, resins, and pyroxylin, but finds its chief
use as an anæsthetic. Called also ethyl oxide.ethyl ether.
(b) Any similar oxide of hydrocarbon radicals; as, amyl ether;
valeric ether. Complex ether, Mixed ether (Chem.), an oxide of two
different radicals in the same molecule; as, ethyl methyl ether,
C2H5.O.CH3.
 -- Compound ether (Chem.), an ethereal salt or a salt of some
hydrocarbon as the base; an ester.
 -- Ether engine (Mach.), a condensing engine like a steam engine,
but operated by the vapor of ether instead of by steam.

ETHEREAL
E*the"re*al, a.

1. Pertaining to the hypothetical upper, purer air, or to the higher
regions beyond the earth or beyond the atmosphere; celestial; as,
ethereal space; ethereal regions.
Go, heavenly guest, ethereal messenger. Milton.

2. Consisting of ether; hence, exceedingly light or airy; tenuous;
spiritlike; characterized by extreme delicacy, as form, manner,
thought, etc.
Vast chain of being, which from God began, Natures ethereal, human,
angel, man. Pope.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, ether; as, ethereal
salts. Ethereal oil. (Chem.) See Essential oil, under Essential.
 -- Ethereal oil of wine (Chem.), a heavy, yellow, oily liquid
consisting essentially of etherin, etherol, and ethyl sulphate. It is
the oily residuum left after etherification. Called also heavy oil of
wine (distinguished from oil of wine, or oenanthic ether).
 -- Ethereal salt (Chem.), a salt of some organic radical as a base;
an ester.

ETHEREALISM
E*the"re*al*ism, n.

Defn: Ethereality.

ETHEREALITY
E*the`re*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being ethereal; etherealness.
Something of that ethereality of thought and manner which belonged to
Wordsworth's earlier lyrics. J. C. Shairp.

ETHEREALIZATION
E*the`re*al*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: An ethereal or spiritlike state. J. H. Stirling.

ETHEREALIZE
E*the"re*al*ize, v. t.

1. To convert into ether, or into subtile fluid; to saturate with
ether.

2. To render ethereal or spiritlike.
Etherealized, moreover, by spiritual communications with the other
world. Hawthorne.

ETHEREALLY
E*the"re*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ethereal manner.

ETHEREALNESS
E*the"re*al*ness, n.

Defn: Ethereality.

ETHEREOUS
E*the"re*ous, a. Etym: [L.aethereus, Gr. Ether.]

1. Formed of ether; ethereal. [Obs.]
This ethereous mold whereon we stand. Milton.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, either. Ethereous oil. See
Ethereal oil, under Ethereal.

ETHERIFICATION
E*ther`i*fi*ca"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of making ether; specifically, the process
by which a large quantity of alcohol is transformed into ether by the
agency of a small amount of sulphuric, or ethyl sulphuric, acid.

ETHERIFORM
E*ther"i*form, a. Etym: [Ether + form.]

Defn: Having the form of ether.

ETHERIN
E"ther*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline hydrocarbon, regarded as a polymeric
variety of ethylene, obtained in heavy oil of wine, the residue left
after making ether; -- formerly called also concrete oil of wine.

ETHERIZATION
E`ther*i*za"tion n. (Med.)
(a) The administration of ether to produce insensibility.
(b) The state of the system under the influence of ether.

ETHERIZE
E"ther*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Etherized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Etherizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. éthériser.]

1. To convert into ether.

2. To render insensible by means of ether, as by inhalation; as, to
etherize a patient.

ETHEROL
E"ther*ol, n. Etym: [Ether + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oily hydrocarbon regarded as a polymeric variety of
ethylene, produced with etherin.

ETHIC; ETHICAL
Eth"ic, Eth"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. ethicus, Gr. sidus, G. sitte, Skr.
svadh, prob. orig., one's own doing; sva self + dh to set: cf. F.
éthique. See So, Do.]

Defn: Of, or belonging to, morals; treating of the moral feelings or
duties; containing percepts of morality; moral; as, ethic discourses
or epistles; an ethical system; ethical philosophy.
The ethical meaning of the miracles. Trench.
Ethical dative (Gram.), a use of the dative of a pronoun to signify
that the person or thing spoken of is regarded with interest by some
one; as, Quid mihi Celsus agit How does my friend Celsus do

ETHICALLY
Eth"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to, in harmony with, moral principles or character.

ETHICIST
Eth"i*cist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in ethics, or has written on ethics.

ETHICS
Eth"ics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. éthique. See Ethic.]

Defn: The science of human duty; the body of rules of duty drawn from
this science; a particular system of principles and rules concerting
duty, whether true or false; rules of practice in respect to a single
class of human actions; as, political or social ethics; medical
ethics.
The completeness and consistency of its morality is the peculiar
praise of the ethics which the Bible has taught. I. Taylor.

ETHIDE
Eth"ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any compound of ethyl of a binary type; as, potassium ethide.

ETHIDENE
Eth"i*dene, n. Etym: [From Ether.] (Chem.)

Defn: Ethylidene. [Obs.]

ETHINE
Eth"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Acetylene.

ETHIONIC
Eth`i*on"ic, a. Etym: [Ethyl + thionic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid so called.
Ethionic acid (Chem.), a liquid derivative of ethylsulphuric and
sulphuric (thionic) acids, obtained by the action of sulphur trioxide
on absolute alcohol.

ETHIOP; ETHIOPIAN
E"thi*op, E`thi*o"pi*an, n. Etym: [L. Aethiops, Gr.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Ethiopia; also, in a general sense, a
negro or black man.

ETHIOPIAN; ETHIOPIC
E`thi*o"pi*an, E`thi*op"ic, a.

Defn: Of or relating to Ethiopia or the Ethiopians.

ETHIOPIC
E`thi*op"ic, n.

Defn: The language of ancient Ethiopia; the language of the ancient
Abyssinian empire (in Ethiopia), now used only in the Abyssinian
church. It is of Semitic origin, and is also called Geez.

ETHIOPS
E"thi*ops n. Etym: [NL. See Ethiop.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: A black substance; -- formerly applied to various preparations
of a black or very dark color. [Written also Æthiops.] [Obs.] Ethiops
martial (Old Chem.), black oxide of iron.
 -- Ethiops mineral (Old Chem.), black sulphide of mercury, obtained
by triturating mercury with sulphur.
 -- Ethiops per se (Old Chem.), mercury in finely divided state,
having the appearance of a dark powder, obtained by shaking it up or
by exposure to the air.

ETHMOID; ETHMOIDAL
Eth"moid, Eth*moid"al, a. Etym: [Gr. ethmoïde, ethmoïdal.] (Anat.)
(a) Like a sieve; cribriform.
(b) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the ethmoid bone. Ethmoid
bone (Anat.), a bone of complicated structure through which the
olfactory nerves pass out of the cranium and over which they are
largely distributed.

ETHMOID
Eth"moid n. (Anat.)

Defn: The ethmoid bone.

ETHMOTRUBINAL
Eth`mo*tru"bi*nal, a. Etym: [Ethmoid + turbinal.]

Defn: See Turbinal.
 -- n.

Defn: An ethmoturbinal bone.

ETHMOVOMERINE
Eth`mo*vo"mer*ine, n. Etym: [Ethmoid + vomerine.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the region of the vomer and the base of the
ethmoid in the skull. Ethmovomerine plate (Anat.), a cartilaginous
plate beneath the front of the fetal brain which the ethmoid region
of the skull is developed.

ETHNARCH
Eth"narch, n. Etym: [Gr. -arch.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: The governor of a province or people. Lew Wallace.

ETHNARCHY
Eth"narch*y n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The dominion of an ethnarch; principality and rule. Wright.

ETHNIC; ETHNICAL
Eth"nic, Eth"nic*al, a. Etym: [L. ethnicus, Gr. ethnique.]

1. Belonging to races or nations; based on distinctions of race;
ethnological.

2. Pertaining to the gentiles, or nations not converted to
Christianity; heathen; pagan; -- opposed to Jewish and Christian.

ETHNIC
Eth"nic n.

Defn: A heathen; a pagan. [Obs.]
No better reported than impure ethnic and lay dogs. Milton.

ETHNICALLY
Eth"nic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ethnical manner.

ETHNICISM
Eth"ni*cism n.

Defn: Heathenism; paganism; idolatry. [Obs.] "Taint of ethnicism." B.
Jonson.

ETHNOGRAPHER
Eth*nog"ra*pher n.

Defn: One who investigates ethnography.

ETHNOGRAPHIC; ETHNOGRAPHICAL
Eth`no*graph"ic, Eth`no*graph"ic*al,. a. Etym: [Cf. F.
ethnographique.]

Defn: pertaining to ethnography.

ETHNOGRAPHICALLY
Eth`no*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ethnographical manner.

ETHNOGRAPHY
Eth*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. ethnographie.]

Defn: That branch of knowledge which has for its subject the
characteristics of the human family, developing the details with
which ethnology as a comparative science deals; descriptive
ethnology. See Ethnology.

ETHNOLOGIC; ETHNOLOGICAL
Eth`no*log"ic, Eth`no*log"ic*al, a

Defn: Of or pertaining to ethnology.

ETHNOLOGICALLY
Eth`no*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ethnological manner; by ethnological classification; as,
one belonging ethnologically to an African race.

ETHNOLOGIST
Eth*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in ethnology; a student of ethnology.

ETHNOLOGY
Eth*nol"o*gy n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of the division of mankind into races,
their origin, distribution, and relations, and the peculiarities
which characterize them.

ETHOLOGIC; ETHOLOGICAL
Eth`o*log"ic, Eth`o*log"ic*al, a Etym: [See Ethology.]

Defn: treating of, or pertaining to, ethnic or morality, or the
science of character. J. S. Mill.

ETHOLOGIST
E*thol"o*gist n.

Defn: One who studies or writes upon ethology.

ETHOLOGY
E*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A treatise on morality; ethics.

2. The science of the formation of character, national and collective
as well as individual. J. S. Mill.

ETHOPOETIC
Eth"o*po*et"ic. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Expressing character. [Obs.] Urquhart.

ETHOS
E"thos, n. [L., fr. Gr.  character. See Ethic.]

1.

Defn: The character, sentiment, or disposition of a community or
people, considered as a natural endowment; the spirit which actuates
manners and customs; also, the characteristic tone or genius of an
institution or social organization.

2.  (Æsthetics) The traits in a work of art which express the ideal
or typic character -- character as influenced by the ethos (sense 1)
of a people -- rather than realistic or emotional situations or
individual character in a narrow sense; -- opposed to pathos.

ETHULE
Eth"ule Etym: [Ether + Gr. Ethyl, and see -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Ethyl. [Obs.]

ETHYL
Eth"yl, n. Etym: [Ether + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A monatomic, hydrocarbon radical, C2H5 of the paraffin series,
forming the essential radical of ethane, and of common alcohol and
ether. Ethyl aldehyde. (Chem.) See Aldehyde.

ETHYLAMINE
Eth`yl*am"ine, n. Etym: [Ethyl + amine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, mobile, inflammable liquid, C2H5.NH2, very
volatile and with an ammoniacal odor. It is a strong base, and is a
derivative of ammonia. Called also ethyl carbamine, and amido ethane.

ETHYLATE
Eth"yl*ate. Etym: [From Ethyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound derived from ethyl alcohol by the replacement of the
hydroxyl hydrogen, after the manner of a hydrate; an ethyl
alcoholate; as, potassium ethylate, C2H5.O.K.

ETHYLENE
Eth"yl*ene, n. [From Ethyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H4, forming an important
ingredient of illuminating gas, and also obtained by the action of
concentrated sulphuric acid in alcohol. It is an unsaturated compound
and combines directly with chlorine and bromine to form oily liquids
(Dutch liquid), -- hence called olefiant gas. Called also ethene,
elayl, and formerly, bicarbureted hydrogen. Ethylene series (Chem.),
the series if unsaturated hydrocarbons of which ethylene is the type,
and represented by the general formula CnH2n.

ETHYLIC
E*thyl"ic. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, ethyl; as, ethylic
alcohol.

ETHYLIDENE
E*thyl"i*dene. (Chem.)

Defn: An unsymmetrical, divalent, hydrocarbon radical, C2H4 metameric
with ethylene but written thus, CH3.CH to distinguish it from the
symmetrical ethylene, CH2.CH2. Its compounds are derived from
aldehyde. Formerly called also ethidene.

ETHYLIN
Eth"yl*in. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of the several complex ethers of ethyl and glycerin.

ETHYLSULPHURIC
Eth`yl*sul*phu"ric a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, ethyl and sulphuric acid.
Ethylsulphuric acid (Chem.), an acid sulphate of ethyl, H.C2H5.SO4,
produced as a thick liquid by the action of sulphiric acid on
alcohol. It appears to be the active catalytic agent in the process
of etherification.

ETIOLATE
E"ti*o*late. v. i. [imp. & p. p. Etiolated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Etiolating.] Etym: [F. étioler to blanch.]

1. To become white or whiter; to be whitened or blanched by excluding
the light of the sun, as, plants.

2. (Med.)

Defn: To become pale through disease or absence of light.

ETIOLATE
E"ti*o*late, v. t.

1. To blanch; to bleach; to whiten by depriving of the sun's rays.

2. (Med.)

Defn: To cause to grow pale by disease or absence of light.

ETIOLATE; ETIOLATED
E"ti*o*late, E"ti*o*la`ted, a.

Defn: Having a blanched or faded appearance, as birds inhabiting
desert regions.

ETIOLATION
E`ti*o*la"tion, n.

1. The operation of blanching plants, by excluding the light of the
sun; the condition of a blanched plant.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Paleness produced by absence of light, or by disease.
Dunglison.

ETIOLIN
E"ti*o*lin, n. Etym: [See Etiolate.] (Bot.)

Defn: A yellowish coloring matter found in plants grown in darkness,
which is supposed to be an antecedent condition of chlorophyll.
Encyc. Brit.

ETIOLOGICAL
E`ti*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or inquiring into, causes; ætiological.

ETIOLOGY
E`ti*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. étiologie.]

Defn: The science of causes. Same as tiology.

ETIQUETTE
Et"i*quette`, n. Etym: [F. prop., a little piece of paper, or a mark
or title, affixed to a bag or bundle, expressing its contents, a
label, ticket, OF.estiquete, of German origin; cf. LG. stikke peg,
pin, tack, stikken to stick, G. stecken. See Stick, and cf. Ticket.]

Defn: The forms required by good breeding, or prescribed by
authority, to be observed in social or official life; observance of
the proprieties of rank and occasion; conventional decorum;
ceremonial code of polite society.
The pompous etiquette to the court of Louis the Fourteenth. Prescott.

ETNA
Et"na, n.

Defn: A kind of small, portable, cooking apparatus for which heat is
furnished by a spirit lamp.
There should certainly be an etna for getting a hot cup of coffee in
a hurry. V. Baker.

ETNEAN
Et*ne"an, a. Etym: [L. Aetnaeus, Gr. , fr.Aetna, Aetne).]

Defn: Pertaining to Etna, a volcanic mountain in Sicily.

ETOILE
E`toile", n. Etym: [F.] (Her.)

Defn: See Estoile.

ETRURIAN
E*tru"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or relating to ancient Etruria, in Italy. "Etrurian Shades."
Milton, -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of ancient Etruria.

ETRUSCAN
E*trus"can, n. Etym: [L. Etruscus.]

Defn: Of or relating to Etruria.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Etruria.

ETTER PIKE
Et"ter pike`, n. Etym: [Cf. Atter.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The stingfish, or lesser weever (Tranchinus vipera).

ETTIN
Et"tin, n. Etym: [SA. eten, eoten, orig., gluttonous, fr. etan to
eat.]

Defn: A giant. [Obs.] Beau & Fl.

ETTLE
Et"tle, v. t. Etym: [Perh. the same word as addle to earn; bur cf.
OE. atlien, etlien, to intend, prepare, Icel. ætla to think, suppose,
mean.]

Defn: To earn. [Obs.] See Addle, to earn. Boucher.

ETUDE
E`tude", n. Etym: [F. See Study.]

1. A composition in the fine arts which is intended, or may serve,
for a study.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A study; an exercise; a piece for practice of some special
point of technical execution.

ETUI
E`tui", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A case for one several small articles; esp., a box in which
scissors, tweezers, and other articles of toilet or of daily use are
carried.

ETWEE
Et*wee", n.

Defn: See . Shenstone.

ETYM
Et"ym, n.

Defn: See Etymon. H. F. Talbot.

ETYMIC
E*tym"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to the etymon; as, an etymic word.

ETYMOLOGER
Et`y*mol"o*ger, n.

Defn: An etymologist.

ETYMOLOGICAL
Et`y*mo*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. etymologicus, Gr. étimilogique. See
Etymology.]

Defn: Pertaining to etymology, or the derivation of words.
 -- Et`y*mo*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

ETYMOLOGICON
Et`y*mo*log"i*con, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: an etymological dictionary or manual.

ETYMOLOGIST
Et`y*mol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. étymologiste.]

Defn: One who investigates the derivation of words.

ETYMOLOGIZE
Et`y*mol"o*gize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. étymologiser.]

Defn: To give the etymology of; to trace to the root or primitive, as
a word. Camden

ETYMOLOGIZE
Et`y*mol"o*gize, v. t.

Defn: To search into the origin of words; to deduce words from their
simple roots.
How perilous it is to etymologize at random. Trench.

ETYMOLOGY
Et`y*mol"o*gy, n.; pl. Etymologies. Etym: [L.etymologia, Gr.
étymologie. See Etymon, and -logy.]

1. That branch of philological science which treats of the history of
words, tracing out their origin, primitive significance, and changes
of from and meaning.

2. That pert of grammar which relates to the changes in the form of
the words in a language; inflection.

ETYMON
Et"y*mon, n.; pl. E. Etymons, Gr. Etyma. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. sotya, E.
sooth. See Sooth.]

Defn: 1. An original form; primitive word; root.

2. Original or fundamental signification. [R.]
Given as the etymon or genuine sense of the word. Coleridge.

ETYPICAL
E*typ"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + typical.] (Biol.)

Defn: Diverging from, or lacking conformity to, a type.

EU
Eu. Etym: [Gr. su, from the same root as E. is; or with Skr. vasu
good, prob. fr. the same root as E. was.]

Defn: A prefix used frequently in composition, signifying well, good,
advantageous; -- the opposite of dys-.

EUCAIRITE
Eu*cai"rite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A metallic mineral, a selenide of copper and silver; -- so
called by Berzelius on account of its being found soon after the
discovery of the metal selenium.

EUCALYN
Eu"ca*lyn, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An unfermentable sugar, obtained as an uncrystallizable sirup
by the decomposition of melitose; also obtained from a Tasmanian
eucalyptus, -- whence its name.

EUCALYPTOL
Eu`ca*lyp*tol, n. Etym: [Eucalyptus + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A volatile, terpenelike oil extracted from the eucalyptus, and
consisting largely of cymene.

EUCALYPTUS
Eu`ca*lyp"tus, n. Etym: [NL., from GR. (Bot.)

Defn: A myrtaceous genus of trees, mostly Australian. Many of them
grow to an immense height, one or two species exceeding the height
even of the California Sequoia.

Note: They have rigid, entire leaves with one edge turned toward the
zenith. Most of them secrete resinous gums, whence they called gum
trees, and their timber is of great value. Eucalyptus Globulus is the
blue gum; E. aigantea, the stringy bark: E. amygdalina, the
peppermint tree. E. Gunnii, the Tasmanian cider tree, yields a
refreshing drink from wounds made in the bark in the spring. Center
species yield oils, tars, acids, dyes and tans. It is said that
miasmatic valleys in Algeria and Portugal, and a part of the
unhealthy Roman Campagna, have been made more salubrious by planting
groves of these trees.

EUCHARIS
Eu"cha*ris, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. eucharis agreeable, Gr. Eucharist.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of South American amaryllidaceous plants with large and
beautiful white blossoms.

EUCHARIST
Eu"cha*rist, n. Etym: [L. euchaistia, Gr. yearn: cf. F. euchaistie.]

1. The act of giving thanks; thanksgiving. [Obs.]
Led through the vale of tears to the region of eucharist and
hallelujahs. South.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: The sacrament of the Lord's Supper; the solemn act of ceremony
of commemorating the death of Christ, in the use of bread and wine,
as the appointed emblems; the communion.
 -- See Sacrament.

EUCHARISTIC; EUCHARISTICAL
Eu`cha*ris"tic, Eu`cha*ris"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. eucharistie.]

1. Giving thanks; expressing thankfulness; rejoicing. [Obs.]
The eucharistical part of our daily devotions. Ray.

2. Pertaining to the Lord's Supper. "The eucharistic sacrament." Sir.
G. C. Lewis.

EUCHITE
Eu"chite, n. Etym: [From Gr.

Defn: One who resolves religion into prayer. [Obs.] Gauden.

EUCHLORIC
Eu*chlo"ric, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Relating to, or consisting of, euchlorine; as, euchloric .
Davy.

EUCHLORINE
Eu*chlo"rine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. euchlorine. See Euchloric.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow or greenish yellow gas, first prepared by Davy,
evolved from potassium chlorate and hydrochloric acid. It is supposed
to consist of chlorine tetroxide with some free chlorine.

EUCHOLOGION; EUCHOLOGY
Eu`cho*lo"gi*on, Eu*chol"o*gy, n. Etym: [NL. euchologion, Gr. (Eccl.)

Defn: A formulary of prayers; the book of offices in the Greek
Church, containing the liturgy, sacraments, and forms of prayers.

EUCHOLOGUE
Eu"cho*logue, n. Etym: [F. euchologe.]

Defn: Euchology. [R.]

EUCHRE
Eu"chre, n. Etym: [Perh. from F. écarté.]

Defn: A game at cards, that may be played by two, three, or four
persons, the highest card (except when an extra card called the Joker
is used) being the knave of the same suit as the trump, and called
right bower, the lowest card used being the seven, or frequently, in
two-handed euchre, the nine spot. See Bower.

EUCHRE
Eu"chre, v. t.

1. To defeat, in a game of euchre, the side that named the trump.

2. To defeat or foil thoroughly in any scheme. [Slang.]

EUCHROIC
Eu*chro"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Having a fine color. Euchroic acid (Chem.), an organic, imide
acid, obtained as a colorless crystalline substance, C12H4N2O8 by
heating an ammonium salt of mellitic acid. By reduction it is changed
to a dark blue substance (euchrone), -- hence its name.

EUCHROITE
Eu"chro*ite, n. Etym: [See Euchroic.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in transparent emerald green crystals. It
is hydrous arseniate of copper.

EUCHRONE
Eu"chrone n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance obtained from euchroic acid. See Eychroic.

EUCHYMY
Eu"chy*my, n. Etym: [Gr. Chyme.] (Med.)

Defn: A good state of he blood and other fluids of the body.

EUCLASE
Eu"clase n. Etym: [Gr. euclase, G. euklas. See named from its
brittleness.] (Min.)

Defn: A brittle gem occurring in light green, transparent crystals,
affording a brilliant clinodiagonal cleavage. It is a silicate of
alumina and glucina.

EUCLID
Eu"clid, n.

Defn: A Greek geometer of the 3d century

EUCLIDIAN
Eu*clid"i*an, n.

Defn: Related to Euclid, or to the geometry of Euclid. Euclidian
space (Geom.), the kind of space to which the axioms and definitions
of Euclid, relative to straight lines and parallel lines, apply; --
called also flat space, and homaloidal space.

EUCOPEPODA
Eu`co*pep"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Eu- and Copepoda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group which includes the typical copepods and the lerneans.

EUCRASY
Eu"cra*sy. Etym: [Gr. eucrasie.] (Med.)

Defn: Such a due mixture of qualities in bodies as constitutes health
or soundness. Quincy.

EUCTICAL
Euc"tic*al Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Expecting a wish; supplicatory. [R.]
Sacrifices . . . distinguished into expiatory, euctical, and
eucharistical. Bp. Law.

EUDEMON; EUDAEMON
Eu*de"mon, Eu*dæ"mon, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A good angel. Southey.

EUDEMONICS; EUDAEMONICS
Eu`de*mon"ics, Eu`dæ*mon"ics, n. Etym: [Gr. Eudemonism.]

Defn: That part of moral philosophy which treats of happiness; the
science of happiness; -- contrasted with aretaics. J. Grote.

EUDEMONISM; EUDAEMONISM
Eu*de"mon*ism, Eu*dæ"mon*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. Demon.]

Defn: That system of ethics which defines and enforces moral
obligation by its relation to happiness or personal well-being.

EUDEMONIST; EUDAEMONIST
Eu*de"mon*ist, Eu*dæ"mon*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in eudemonism.
I am too much of a eudæmonist; I hanker too much after a state of
happiness both for myself and others. De Quincey.

EUDEMONISTIC; EUDAEMONISTIC
Eu*de`mon*is"tic , Eu*dæ`mon*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to eudemonism.

EUDEMONISTICAL; EUDAEMONISTICAL
Eu*de`mon*is"tic*al, Eu*dæ`mon*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Eudemonistic.

EUDIALYTE
Eu*di"a*lyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a brownish red color and vitreous luster,
consisting chiefly of the silicates of iron, zirconia, and lime.

EUDIOMETER
Eu`di*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. ediomètre.] (Chem.)

Defn: An instrument for the volumetric measurement of gases; -- so
named because frequently used to determine the purity of the air.

Note: It usually consists of a finely graduated and calibrated glass
tube, open at one end, the bottom; and having near the top a pair of
platinum wires fused in, to allow the passage of an electric spark,
as the process involves the explosion and combustion of one of the
ingredients to be determined. The operation is conducted in a through
of mercury, or sometimes over water. Cf. Burette. Use's ediometer has
the tube bent in the form of the letter. U.

EUDIOMETRIC; EUDIOMETRICAL
Eu`di*o*met"ric, Eu`di*o*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a eudiometer; as, eudiometrical experiments
or results.

EUDIOMETRY
Eu`di*om"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. eudiométrie.] (Chem.)

Defn: The art or process of determining he constituents of a gaseous
mixture by means of the eudiometer, or for ascertaining the purity of
the air or the amount of oxygen in it.

EUDIPLEURA
Eu`di*pleu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The fundamental forms of organic life, that are composed of two
equal and symmetrical halves. Syd. Soc. Lex.

EUDOXIAN
Eu*dox"i*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Eudoxius, patriarch of Antioch and Constantinople
in the 4th century, and a celebrated defender of the doctrines of
Arius.

EUGANOIDEI
Eu`ga*noi"de*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. GR. ganoidei. See Ganoid.]
(Zoöl)

Defn: A group which includes the bony ganoids, as the gar pikes.

EUGE
Eu"ge, n. Etym: [L., well done! bravo! Gr.

Defn: Applause. [Obs.] Hammond.

EUGENESIS
Eu*gen"e*sis, n. [Pref. eu- + genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: The quality or condition of having strong reproductive powers;
generation with full fertility between different species or races,
specif. between hybrids of the first generation.

EUGENIA
Eu*ge"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named in honor of Prince Eugene of Savoy.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of mytraceous plants, mostly of tropical countries, and
including several aromatic trees and shrubs, among which are the
trees which produce allspice and cloves of commerce.

EUGENIC
Eu*gen"ic, a. Etym: [See Eugenia.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, cloves; as, eugenic acid.

EUGENIC
Eu*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Well-born; of high birth. Atlantic Monthly.

EUGENICS
Eu*gen"ics, n.

Defn: The science of improving stock, whether human or animal. F.
Galton.

EUGENIN
Eu"ge*nin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, crystalline substance extracted from oil of
cloves; -- called also clove camphor.

EUGENOL
Eu"ge*nol, n. Etym: [Eugenia + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon, C10H12O2 resembling
the phenols, and hence also called eugenic acid. It is found in the
oils of pimento and cloves.

EUGENY
Eu"ge*ny. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Nobleness of birth. [Obs.]

EUGETIC; EUGETINIC
Eu*get"ic, Eu`ge*tin"ic, a. (Chem)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, eugenol; as, eugetic acid.

EUGH
Eugh, n. Etym: [See Yew.]

Defn: The yew. [Obs.] Dryden.

EUGUBIAN; EUGUBINE
Eu*gu"bi*an, Eu"gu*bine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ancient town of Eugubium (now Gubbio);
as, the Eugubine tablets, or tables, or inscriptions.

EUHARMONIC
Eu`har*mon"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. -eu + harmonic.] (Mus.)

Defn: Producing mathematically perfect harmony or concord; sweetly or
perfectly harmonious.

EUHEMERISM
Eu*hem"er*ism n. Etym: [L. Euhemerus, Gr.

Defn: The theory, held by Euhemerus, that the gods of mythology were
but deified mortals, and their deeds only the amplification in
imagination of human acts.

EUHEMERIST
Eu*hem"er*ist, n.

Defn: One who advocates euhemerism.

EUHEMERISTIC
Eu*hem`er*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to euhemerism.

EUHEMERIZE
Eu*hem"er*ize v. t.

Defn: To interpret (mythology) on the theory of euhemerism.

EUISOPODA
Eu`i*sop"o*da. pl. Etym: [NL. See Eu- and Isopoda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group which includes the typical Isopoda.

EULACHON
Eu"la*chon, n. Etym: [Native Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The candlefish. [Written also oulachan, oolacan, and ulikon.]
See Candlefish.

EULERIAN
Eu*le"ri*an a.

Defn: Pertaining Euler, a German mathematician of the 18th century.
Eulerian integrals, certain definite integrals whose properties were
first investigated by Euler.

EULOGIC; EULOGICAL
Eu*log"ic, Eu*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Eulogy.]

Defn: Bestowing praise of eulogy; commendatory; eulogistic. [R.] --
Eu*log"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.]

EULOGIST
Eu"lo*gist n.

Defn: One who eulogizes or praises; panegyrist; encomiast. Buckle.

EULOGISTIC; EULOGISTICAL
Eu`lo*gis"tic, Eu`lo*gis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to eulogy; characterized by eulogy; bestowing
praise; panegyrical; commendatory; laudatory; as, eulogistic speech
or discourse.
 -- Eu"lo*gis"tic*al*ly, adv.

EULOGIUM
Eu*lo"gi*um n.; pl. Eulogiums. Etym: [LL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A formal eulogy. Smollett.

EULOGIZE
Eu"lo*gize v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eulogized. (p. pr. & vb. n.
Eulogizing.]

Defn: To speak or write in commendation of (another); to extol in
speech or writing; to praise.

EULOGY
Eu"lo*gy, n.; pl. Eulogies. Etym: [Gr. Eulogium, and see Legend.]

Defn: A speech or writing in commendation of the character or
services of a person; as, a fitting eulogy to worth.
Eulogies turn into elegies. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- Encomium; praise; panegyric; applause.
 -- Eulogy, Eulogium, Encomium, Panegyric. The idea of praise is
common to all these words. The word encomium is used of both persons
and things which are the result of human action, and denotes warm
praise. Eulogium and eulogy apply only to persons and are more
studied and of greater length. A panegyric was originally a set
speech in a full assembly of the people, and hence denotes a more
formal eulogy, couched in terms of warm and continuous praise,
especially as to personal character. We may bestow encomiums on any
work of art, on production of genius, without reference to the
performer; we bestow eulogies, or pronounce a eulogium, upon some
individual distinguished for his merit public services; we pronounce
a panegyric before an assembly gathered for the occasion.

EULYTITE
Eu"ly*tite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: a mineral, consisting chiefly of the silicate of bismuth, found
at Freiberg; -- called also culytine.

EUMENIDES
Eu*men"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A euphemistic name for the Furies of Erinyes.

EUMOLPUS
Eu*mol"pus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small beetles, one species of which (E. viti) is
very injurious to the vines in the wine countries of Europe.

EUNOMIAN
Eu*no"mi*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Eunomius, bishop of Cyzicus (4th century A. D.),
who held that Christ was not God but a created being, having a nature
different from that of the Father.
 -- a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Eunomius or his doctrine.

EUNOMY
Eu"no*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Equal law, or a well-adjusted constitution of government. [R.]
Mitford.

EUNUCH
Eu"nuch, n. Etym: [L. eunuchus, Gr.

Defn: A male of the human species castrated; commonly, one of a class
of such persons, in Oriental countries, having charge of the women's
apartments. Some of them, in former times, gained high official rank.

EUNUCH; EUNUCHATE
Eu"nuch, Eu"nuch*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. eunuchare.]

Defn: To make a eunuch of; to castrate. as a man. Creech. Sir. T.
Browne.

EUNUCHISM
Eu"nuch*ism, n. Etym: [L. eunuchismus an unmanning, Gr. eunuchisme
eunuchism.]

Defn: The state of being eunuch. Bp. Hall.

EUONYMIN
Eu*on"y*min, n. (Med.)

Defn: A principle or mixture of principles derived from Euonymus
atropurpureus, or spindle tree.

EUONYMUS
Eu*on"y*mus, n. Etym: [NL. (cf. L. euonymos). fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of small European and American trees; the spindle tree.
The bark is used as a cathartic.

EUORNITHES
Eu`or*ni"thes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr., Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Aves which includes all the typical birds, or
all living birds except the penguins and birds of ostrichlike form.

EUOSMITTE
Eu*os"mitte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A fossil resin, so called from its strong, peculiar, pleasant
odor.

EUPATHY
Eu"pa*thy, n. Etym: [Gr. Eu-, and Pathetic.]

Defn: Right feeling. [R.] Harris.

EUPATORIN; EUPATORINE
Eu*pat"o*rin Eu*pat"o*rine, n. (Med.)

Defn: A principle or mixture of principles extracted from various
species of Eupatorium.

EUPATORIUM
Eu`pa*to"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Eupator, king of Pontus, said to
have used it as a medicine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of perennial, composite herbs including hemp agrimony,
boneset, throughwort, etc.

EUPATRID
Eu"pa*trid, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One well born, or of noble birth.

EUPEPSIA; EUPEPSY
Eu*pep"si*a, Eu*pep"sy, n. Etym: [NL. eupepsia, Fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Soundness of the nutritive or digestive organs; good concoction
or digestion; -- opposed to dyspepsia.

EUPEPTIC
Eu*pep"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to good digestion; easy of digestion; having a
good digestion; as, eupeptic food; an eupeptic man.
Wrapt in lazy eupeptic fat. Carlyle.

EUPHEMISM
Eu"phe*mism, n. Etym: [Gr. euphémisme. See Fame.] (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure in which a harts or indelicate word or expression is
softened; a way of describing an offensive thing by an inoffensive
expression; a mild name for something disagreeable.

EUPHEMISTIC; EUPHEMISTICAL
Eu`phe*mis"tic, Eu`phe*mis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to euphemism; containing a euphemism; softened in
expression.
 -- Eu`phe*mis"tic*al*ly, adv.

EUPHEMIZE
Eu"phe*mize, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Euphemized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Euphemizing.] Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To express by a euphemism, or in delicate language; to make use
of euphemistic expressions.

EUPHONIAD
Eu*pho"ni*ad, n. Etym: [See Euphony.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument in which are combined the characteristic tones of
the organ and various other instruments. [R.]

EUPHONIC; EUPHONICAL
Eu*phon"ic, Eu*phon"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or exhibiting, euphony; agreeable in sound;
pleasing to the ear; euphonious; as, a euphonic expression;
euphonical orthography.

EUPHONICON
Eu*phon"i*con, n. Etym: [See Euphony.] (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of uptight piano.

EUPHONIOUS
Eu*pho"ni*ous, a.

Defn: Pleasing or sweet in sound; euphonic; smooth-sounding. Hallam.
 -- Eu*pho"ni*ous*ly, adv.

EUPHONISM
Eu"pho*nism, n.

Defn: An agreeable combination of sounds; euphony.

EUPHONIUM
Eu*pho"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Euphony.] (Mus.)

Defn: A bass instrument of the saxhorn family.

EUPHONIZE
Eu"pho*nize, v. t.

Defn: To make euphonic. [R.]

EUPHONON
Eu"pho*non, n. Etym: [See Euphony.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument resembling the organ in tine and the upright
piano in form. It is characterized by great strength and sweetness of
tone.

EUPHONOUS
Eu"pho*nous, n.

Defn: Euphonious. [R.]

EUPHONY
Eu"pho*ny, n.; pl. Euphonies. Etym: [L. euphonia, Gr. euphonie.]

Defn: A pleasing or sweet sound; an easy, smooth enunciation of
sounds; a pronunciation of letters and syllables which is pleasing to
the ear.

EUPHORBIA
Eu*phor"bi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. euphorbea. See Euphorrium.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Spurge, or bastard spurge, a genus of plants of many species,
mostly shrubby, herbaceous succulents, affording an acrid, milky
juice. Some of them are armed with thorns. Most of them yield
powerful emetic and cathartic products.

EUPHORBIACEOUS; EUPHORBIAL
Eu*phor`bi*a"ceous, Eu*phor"bi*al, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of, relating to, or resembling, the Euphorbia family.

EUPHORBIN; EUPHORBINE
Eu*phor"bin Eu*phor"bine, n. (Med.)

Defn: A principle, or mixture of principles, derived from various
species of Euphorbia.

EUPHORBIUM
Eu*phor"bi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. euphorbeum, from Gr. Euphorbus,
a Greek physician.] (Med.)

Defn: An inodorous exudation, usually in the form of yellow tears,
produced chiefly by the African Euphorbia resinifrea. It was formerly
employed medicinally, but was found so violent in its effects that
its use is nearly abandoned.

EUPHOTIDE
Eu"pho*tide, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A rock occurring in the Alps, consisting of saussurite and
smaragdite; -- sometimes called gabbro.

EUPHRASY
Eu"phra*sy, n. Etym: [NL. euphrasia, fr. Gr. eufrasia, F. eufrasie.]
(Bot.)

Defn: The plant eyesight (euphrasia officionalis), formerly regarded
as beneficial in disorders of the eyes.
Then purged with euphrasy and rue The visual nerve, for he had much
to see. Milton.

EUPHROE
Eu"phroe, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A block or long slat of wood, perforated for the passage of the
crowfoot, or cords by which an awning is held up. [Written also
uphroe and uvrou.] Knight.

EUPHUISM
Eu"phu*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. Euphues, or the Anatomy of Wit," and
"Euphues and his England."] (Rhet.)

Defn: An affectation of excessive elegance and refinement of
language; high-flown diction.

EUPHUIST
Eu"phu*ist, n.

Defn: One who affects excessive refinement and elegance of language;
-- applied esp. to a class of writers, in the age of Elizabeth, whose
productions are marked by affected conceits and high-flown diction.

EUPHUISTIC
Eu`phu*is"tic, a.

Defn: Belonging to the euphuists, or euphuism; affectedly refined.

EUPHUIZE
Eu"phu*ize, v. t.

Defn: To affect excessive refinement in language; to be overnice in
expression.

EUPIONE
Eu"pi*one, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A limpid, oily liquid obtained by the destructive distillation
of various vegetable and animal substances; -- specifically, an oil
consisting largely of the higher hydrocarbons of the paraffin series.
[Written also eupion.]

EUPITTONE
Eu*pit"tone, n. Etym: [Pref. eu- + pittacal + -one.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow, crystalline substance, resembling aurin, and obtained
by the oxidation of pittacal; -- called also eupittonic acid.
[Written also eupitton.]

EUPITTONIC
Eu`pit*ton"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, eupittone.

EUPLASTIC
Eu*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. eu- + -plastic.] (Med.)

Defn: Having the capacity of becoming organizable in a high degree,
as the matter forming the false membranes which sometimes result from
acute inflammation in a healthy person. Dunglison.

EUPLASTIC
Eu*plas"tic, n. (Med.)

Defn: Organizable substance by which the tissues of an animal body
are renewed.

EUPLECTELLA
Eu`plec*tel"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl)

Defn: A genus of elegant, glassy sponges, consisting of interwoven
siliceous fibers, and growing in the form of a cornucopia; -- called
also Venus's flower-basket.

EUPLEXOPTERA
Eu`plex*op"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of insects, including the earwig. The anterior wings
are short, in the form of elytra, while the posterior wings fold up
beneath them. See Earwig.

EUPNAEA
Eup*næ"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Normal breathing where arterialization of the blood is normal,
in distinction from dyspnæa, in which the blood is insufficiently
arterialized. Foster.

EUPRYION; EUPYRION
Eu*pry"i*on, Eu*py"ri*on, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A contrivance for obtaining a light instantaneous, as a lucifer
match. Brande & C.

EURAFRIC; EURAFRICAN
Eur*af"ric, Eur*af"ri*can, a. [Europe + Afric, African.]

1. (Geog.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, the continents of Europe and
Africa combined.

2.  (Zoögeography) Pert. to or designating a region including most of
Europe and northern Africa south to the Sahara.

3.  Of European and African descent.

EURASIAN
Eu*ra"sian, n. Etym: [European + Asian.]

1. A child of a European parent on the one side and an Asiatic on the
other.

2. One born of European parents in Asia.

EURASIAN
Eu*ra"sian, a.

Defn: Of European and Asiatic descent; of or pertaining to both
Europe and Asia; as, the great Eurasian plain.

EURASIATIO
Eu*ra`si*at"io, a. (Geog.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the continents of Europe and Asia combined.

EUREKA
Eu*re"ka. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The exclamation attributed to Archimedes, who is said to have
cried out "Eureka! eureka!" (I have found it! I have found it!), upon
suddenly discovering a method of finding out how much the gold of
King Hiero's crown had been alloyed. Hence, an expression of triumph
concerning a discovery.

EURHIPIDUROUS
Eu*rhip`i*du"rous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a fanlike tail; belonging to the Eurhipiduræ, a division
of Aves which includes all living birds.

EURIPIZE
Eu"ri*pize, v. t. Etym: [See Euripus.]

Defn: To whirl hither and thither. [Obs.]

EURIPUS
Eu*ri"pus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A strait; a narrow tract of water, where the tide, or a
current, flows and reflows with violence, as the ancient fright of
this name between Eubæa and Bæotia. Hence, a flux and reflux. Burke.

EURITE
Eu"rite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. eurite.] (Min.)

Defn: A compact feldspathic rock; felsite. See Felsite.

EURITIC
Eu*rit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pelating to eurite.

EUROCLYDON
Eu*roc"ly*don, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. i. e. a north-east wind, as in
the Latin Yulgate Euro-aquilo.]

Defn: A tempestuous northeast wind which blows in the Mediterranean.
See Levanter.
A tempestuous wind called Euroclydon. Acts xxvii. 14.

EUROPEAN
Eu`ro*pe"an, a. Etym: [L. europeaus, Gr. europa.)]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Europe, or to its inhabitants. On the
European plain, having rooms to let, and leaving it optional with
guests whether they will take meals in the house; -- said of hotels.
[U. S.]

EUROPEAN
Eu`ro*pe"an, n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Europe.

EUROPEANIZE
Eu`ro*pe"an*ize, v. t.

Defn: To cause to become like the Europeans in manners or character;
to habituate or accustom to European usages.
A state of society . . . changed and Europenized. Lubbock.

EUROPIUM
Eu*ro"pi*um, n. [NL.; Europe + -ium, as in aluminium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A metallic element of the rare-earth group, discovered
spectroscopically by Demarcay in 1896. Symbol, Eu; at. wt., 152.0.

EURUS
Eu"rus, n. Etym: [L., gr.

Defn: The east wind.

EURYALE
Eu*ry"a*le, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Euryale, one of the Gorgons.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of water lilies, growing in India and China. The only
species (E. ferox) is very prickly on the peduncles and calyx. The
rootstocks and seeds are used as food.

2. (Zoöl)

Defn: A genus of ophiurans with much-branched arms.

EURYALIDA
Eu`ry*al"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of Ophiuroidea, including the genera Euryale,
Astrophyton, etc. They generally have the arms branched. See
Astrophyton.

EURYCEROUS
Eu*ryc"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having broad horns.

EURYPTEROID
Eu*ryp"ter*oid, a. Etym: [Eurypterus + -oid.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the genus Euryperus.

EURYPTEROIDEA
Eu*ryp`te*roi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Eurypteroid.] (Paleont.)

Defn: An extinct order of Merostomata, of which the genus Eurypterus
is the type. They are found only in Paleozoic rocks. [Written also
Eurypterida.]

EURYPTERUS
Eu*ryp"te*rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct Merostomata, found in Silurian rocks. Some
of the species are more than three feet long.

EURYTHMY
Eu"ryth*my, n. Etym: [L. eurythmia, Gr. eurythmie.]

1. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Just or harmonious proportion or movement, as in the
composition of a poem, an edifice, a painting, or a statue.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Regularly of the pulse.

EUSEBIAN
Eu*se"bi*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Eusebius, bishop of Cæsarea, who was a friend and
protector of Arius.

EUSTACHIAN
Eu*sta"chi*an, a. Etym: [From Eustachi, a learned Italian physician
who died in Rome, 1574.] (Anat.)
(a) Discovered by Eustachius.
(b) Pertaining to the Eustachian tube; as, Eustachian catheter.
Eustachian catheter, a tubular instrument to be introduced into the
Eustachian tube so as to allow of inflation of the middle ear through
the nose or mouth.
 -- Eustrachian tube (Anat.), a passage from the tympanum of the ear
to the pharynx. See Ear.
 -- Eustachian valve (Anat.), a crescent-shaped fold of the lining
membrane of the heart at the entrance of the vena cava inferior. It
directs the blood towards the left auricle in the fetus, but is
rudimentary and functionless in the adult.

EUSTYLE
Eu"style`, n. Etym: [Gr. eustyle.] (Arch.)

Defn: See Intercolumnlation.

EUTAXY
Eu"tax*y, n. Etym: [Gr. eutaxie.]

Defn: Good or established order or arrangement. [R.] E. Waterhouse.

EUTECTIC
Eu*tec"tic, a. [Gr. e'y`thktos easily melted; e'y^ well + th`kein to
melt.] (Physics)

Defn: Of maximum fusibility; -- said of an alloy or mixture which has
the lowest melting point which it is possible to obtain by the
combination of the given components.

EUTERPE
Eu*ter"pe. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The Muse who presided over music.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of palms, some species of which are elegant trees.

EUTERPEAN
Eu*ter"pe*an a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Euterpe or to music.

EUTEXIA
Eu*tex"i*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  a being easily melted.] (Physics)

Defn: The principle or process of forming from given components the
eutectic alloy, or alloy of maximum fusibility.

EUTHANASIA
Eu`tha*na"si*a n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. euthanasie.]

Defn: An easy death; a mode of dying to be desired. "An euthanasia of
all thought." Hazlitt.
The kindest wish of my friends is euthanasia. Arbuthnot.

EUTHANASY
Eu*than"a*sy, n.

Defn: Same as Euthanasia.

EUTHIOCHROIC
Eu`thi*o*chro"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or denoting, an acid so called. Euthiochroic
acid (Chem.), a complex derivative of hydroquinone and sulphonic
(thionic) acid.
 -- so called because it contains sulphur, and forms brilliantly
colored (yellow) salts.

EUTHYNEURA
Eu`thy*neu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large division of gastropod molluske, including the
Pulmonifera and Opisthobranchiata.

EUTROPHY
Eu"tro*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Healthy nutrition; soundless as regards the nutritive
functions.

EUTYCHIAN
Eu*tych"i*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Eutyches [5th century], who held that the divine
and the human in the person of Christ were blended together as to
constitute but one nature; a monophysite; -- opposed to Nestorian.

EUTYCHIANISM
Eu*tych"i*an*ism, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The doctrine of Eutyches and his followers.

EUXANTHIC
Eux*an"thic a. (Chem.)

Defn: Having a yellow color; pertaining to, derived from, or
resembling, euxanthin. Euxanthic acid (Chem.), a yellow, crystalline,
organic acid, extracted from euxanthin.

EUXANTHIN
Eux*an"thin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow pigment imported from India and China. It has a strong
odor, and is said to be obtained from the urine of herbivorous
animals when fed on the mango. It consists if a magnesium salt of
euxanthic acid. Called also puri, purree, and Indian yellow.

EUXENITE
Eux"e*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A brownish black mineral with a metallic luster, found in
Norway. It contains niobium, titanium, yttrium, and uranium, with
some other metals.

EVACATE
E*va"cate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. e- + vacate.]

Defn: To empty. [Obs.] Harvey.

EVACUANT
E*vac"u*ant, a. Etym: [L.evacuans, -antis, p. pr. of evacuare: cf. F.
évacuant.]

Defn: Emptying; evacuative; purgative; cathartic.
 -- n. (Med.)

Defn: A purgative or cathartic.

EVACUATE
E*vac"u*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evacuated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Evacuating.] Etym: [l. evacuatus, p. p. of evacuare to empty,
nullify; e out + vacuus empty, vacare to be empty. See Vacate.]

1. To make empty; to empty out; to remove the contents of; as, to
evacuate a vessel or dish.

2. Fig.: To make empty; to deprive. [R.]
Evacuate the Scriptures of their most important meaning. Coleriage.

3. To remove; to eject; to void; o discharge, as the contents of a
vessel, or of the bowels.

4. To withdraw from; to quit; to retire from; as, soldiers from a
country, city, or fortress.
The Norwegians were forced to evacuate the country. Burke.

5. To make void; to nullify; to vacate; as, to evacuate a contract or
marriage. [Obs.] Bacon.

EVACUATE
E*vac"u*ate, v. i.

Defn: To let blood [Obs.] Burton.

EVACUATION
E*vac`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. evacuatio: cf. F. évacuation.]

1. The act of emptying, clearing of the contents, or discharging.
Specifically:
(a) (Mil.) Withdrawal of troops from a town, fortress, etc.
(b) (Med.) Voidance of any matter by the natural passages of the body
or by an artificial opening; defecation; also, a diminution of the
fluids of an animal body by cathartics, venesection, or other means.

2. That which is evacuated or discharged; especially, a discharge by
stool or other natural means. Quincy.

3. Abolition; nullification. [Obs.] Hooker. Evacuation day, the
anniversary of the day on which the British army evacuated the city
of New York, November 25, 1783.

EVACUATIVE
E*vac"u*a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. évacuatif.]

Defn: Serving of tending to evacuate; cathartic; purgative.

EVACUATOR
E*vac"u*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who evacuates; a nullifier. "Evacuators of the law."
Hammond.

EVACUATORY
E*vac"u*a*to*ry, n.

Defn: A purgative.

EVADE
E*vade" (v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evaded; p. pr. & vb. n.. Evading.] Etym:
[L. evadere, evasum, e out + vadere to go, walk: cf. F. s'évader. See
Wade.]

Defn: To get away from by artifice; to avoid by dexterity,
subterfuge, address, or ingenuity; to elude; to escape from cleverly;
as, to evade a blow, a pursuer, a punishment; to evade the force of
an argument.
The heathen had a method, more truly their own, of evading the
Christian miracles. Trench.

EVADE
E*vade", v. t.

1. To escape; to slip away; -- sometimes with from. "Evading from
perils." Bacon.
Unarmed they might Have easily, as spirits evaded swift By quick
contraction or remove. Milton.

2. To attempt to escape; to practice artifice or sophistry, for the
purpose of eluding.
The ministers of God are not to evade and take refuge any of these .
. . ways. South.

Syn. - To equivocate; shuffle. See Prevaricate.

EVADIBLE
E*vad"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being evaded. [R.]

EVAGATION
Ev`a*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. evagatio, fr. evagari to wander forth: cf.
F. évagation. See Vagary.]

Defn: A wandering about; excursion; a roving. [R.] Ray.

EVAGINATE
E*vag"i*nate, a. [L. evaginatus, p. p., unsheathed. See Evagination.]

Defn: Protruded, or grown out, as an evagination; turned inside out;
unsheathed; evaginated; as, an evaginate membrane.

EVAGINATE
E*vag"i*nate, v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Evaginated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Evaginating.]

Defn: To become evaginate; to cause to be evaginate.

EVAGINATION
E*vag`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. evaginatio an extending, evaginare to
unsheathe; e out + vagina sheath.]

Defn: The act of unsheathing.

EVAL
E"val, a. Etym: [L. aevum lifetime, age, eternity.]

Defn: Relating to time or duration. [Obs.]

EVALUATE
E*val"u*ate, v. t. Etym: [See Evaluation.]

Defn: To fix the value of; to rate; to appraise.

EVALUATION
E*val`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. évaluation, LL. evaluatio.]

Defn: Valuation; appraisement. J. S. Mill.

EVANESCE
Ev`a*nesce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Evanesced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Evanescing. (.] Etym: [L. evanescere; e out + vanescere to vanish,
fr. vanus empty, vain. See Vain, and cf. Evanish.]

Defn: To vanish away; to because dissipated and disappear, like
vapor.
I believe him to have evanesced or evaporated. De Quincey.

EVANESCENCE
Ev`a*nes"cence, n.

Defn: The act or state of vanishing away; disappearance; as, the
evanescence of vapor, of a dream, of earthly plants or hopes.
Rambler.

EVANESCENT
Ev`a*nes"cent, a. Etym: [L. evanescens, -entis, p. pr. of
evanescere.]

1. Liable to vanish or pass away like vapor; vanishing; fleeting; as,
evanescent joys.
So evanescent are the fashions of the world in these particulars.
Hawthorne.

2. Vanishing from notice; imperceptible.
The difference between right and wrong, is some petty cases, is
almost evanescent. Wollaston.

EVANESCENTLY
Ev`a*nes"cent*ly, adv. In a vanishing manner

Defn: ; imperceptibly. Chalmers.

EVANGEL
E*van"gel, n. Etym: [F. évangile, L. evangelium, Gr. Eu-, and cf.
Evangely.]

Defn: Good news; announcement of glad tidings; especially, the
gospel, or a gospel. Milton.
Her funeral anthem is a glad evangel. Whittier.

EVANGELIAN
E`van*ge"li*an, a.

Defn: Rendering thanks for favors.

EVANGELIC
E`van*gel"ic, a. Etym: [L. evangelicus, Gr. évangélique. See
Evangel.]

Defn: Belonging to, or contained in, the gospel; evangelical.
"Evangelic truth." J. Foster.

EVANGELICAL
E`van*gel"ic*al, a.

1. Contained in, or relating to, the four Gospels; as, the
evangelical history.

2. Belonging to, agreeable or consonant to, or contained in, the
gospel, or the truth taught in the New Testament; as, evangelical
religion.

3. Earnest for the truth taught in the gospel; strict in interpreting
Christian doctrine; preëminetly orthodox; -- technically applied to
that party in the Church of England, and in the Protestant Episcopal
Church, which holds the doctrine of "Justification by Faith alone";
the Low Church party. The term is also applied to other religion
bodies not regarded as orthodox. Evangelical Alliance, an alliance
for mutual strengthening and common work, comprising Christians of
different denominations and countries, organized in Liverpool,
England, in 1845.
 -- Evangelical Church. (a) The Protestant Church in Germany. (b) A
church founded by a fusion of Lutherans and Calvinists in Germany in
1817.
 -- Evangelical Union, a religion sect founded in Scotland in 1843 by
the Rev. James Morison; -- called also Morisonians.

EVANGELICAL
E`van*gel"ic*al, n.

Defn: One of evangelical principles.

EVANGELICALISM
E`van*gel"ic*al*ism, n.

Defn: Adherence to evangelical doctrines; evangelism. G. Eliot.

EVANGELICALLY
E`van*gel"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an evangelical manner.

EVANGELICALNESS
E`van*gel"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: State of being evangelical.

EVANGELICISM
E`van*gel"i*cism n.

Defn: Evangelical principles; evangelism.

EVANGELICITY
E*van`ge*lic"i*ty, n.

Defn: Evangelicism.

EVANGELISM
E*van"gel*ism n.

Defn: The preaching or promulgation of the gospel. Bacon.

EVANGELIST
E*van"gel*ist, n. Etym: [F. évangéliste, L. evangelista, fr. Gr.

Defn: A bringer of the glad tidings of Church and his doctrines.
Specially: (a) A missionary preacher sent forth to prepare the way
for a resident pastor; an itinerant missionary preacher. (b) A writer
of one of the four Gospels (With the definite article); as, the four
evangelists, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. (c) A traveling preacher
whose efforts are chiefly directed to arouse to immediate repentance.
The Apostles, so far as they evangelized, might claim the tittle
though there were many evangelists who were not Apistles. Plumptre.

EVANGELISTARY
E*van`gel*is"ta*ry, n. Etym: [LL. evangelistarium.]

Defn: A selection of passages from the Gospels, as a lesson in divine
service. Porson.

EVANGELISTIC
E*van`gel*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the four evangelists; designed or fitted to
evangelize; evangelical; as, evangelistic efforts.

EVANGELIZATION
E*van`gel*i*za"tion n.

Defn: The act of evangelizing; the state of being evangelized.
The work of Christ's ministers is evangelization. Hobbes.

EVANGELIZE
E*van"gel*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evangelized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Evangelizing]. Etym: [F. évangélisre, LL. evangelizare, fr. Gr.

Defn: To instruct in the gospel; to preach the gospel to; to convert
to Christianity; as, to evangelize the world.
His apostles whom he sends To evangelize the nations. Milton.

EVANGELIZE
E*van"gel*ize, v. i.

Defn: To preach the gospel.

EVANGELY
E*van"ge*ly, n.

Defn: Evangel. [Obs.]
The sacred pledge of Christ's evangely. Spenser.

EVANGILE
E*van"gile, n. Etym: [F. évangile. See Evangel.]

Defn: Good tidings; evangel. [R.]
Above all, the Servians . . . read, with much avidity, the evangile
of their freedom. Londor.

EVANID
E*van"id, a. Etym: [L. evanidus, fr. evanescere. See Evanesce.]

Defn: Liable to vanish or disappear; faint; weak; evanescent; as,
evanid color. [Obs.]
They are very transistory and evanid. Barrow.

EVANISH
E*van"ish, v. i. Etym: [Pref. e- + vanish: cf. L. evanescere. See
Evanesce, vanish.]

Defn: To vanish.
Or like the rainbow's lovely form, Evanishing amid the storm. Burns.

EVANISHMENT
E*van"ish*ment, n.

Defn: A vanishing; disappearance. [R.] T. Jefferson.

EVAPORABLE
E*vap"o*ra*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being converted into vapor, or dissipated by
evaporation.

EVAPORATE
E*vap"o*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evaporated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Evaporating.] Etym: [L. evaporatus, p. p. of evaporare; e out + vapor
steam or vapor. See Vapor.]

1. To pass off in vapor, as a fluid; to escape and be dissipated,
either in visible vapor, or in practice too minute to be visible.

2. To escape or pass off without effect; to be dissipated; to be
wasted, as, the spirit of writer often evaporates in the process of
translation.
To give moderate liberty for griefs and discontents to evaporate . .
. is a safe way. Bacon.

EVAPORATE
E*vap"o*rate, v. t.

1. To convert from a liquid or solid state into vapor (usually) by
the agency of heat; to dissipate in vapor or fumes.

2. To expel moisture from (usually by means of artificial heat),
leaving the solid portion; to subject to evaporation; as, to
evaporate apples.

3. To give vent to; to dissipate. [R.]
My lord of Essex evaporated his thoughts in a sonnet. Sir. H. Wotton.
Evaporating surface (Steam Boilers), that part of the heating surface
with which water is in contact.

EVAPORATE
E*vap"o*rate, a. Etym: [L. evaporatus, p. p.]

Defn: Dispersed in vapors. Thomson.

EVAPORATION
E*vap`o*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. evaporatio: cf. F. évaporation.]

1. The process by which any substance is converted from a liquid
state into, and carried off in, vapor; as, the evaporation of water,
of ether, of camphor.

2. The transformation of a portion of a fluid into vapor, in order to
obtain the fixed matter contained in it in a state of greater
consistence.

3. That which is evaporated; vapor.

4. (Steam Engine)

Defn: See Vaporization.

EVAPORATIVE
E*vap"o*ra*tive, a. Etym: [L. evaporatius: cf. F. évaporatif.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or producing, evaporation; as, the evaporative
process.

EVAPORATOR
E*vap"o*ra`tor, n.

Defn: An apparatus for condensing vegetable juices, or for drying
fruit by heat.

EVAPOROMETER
E*vap`o*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. evaporare to evaporate + -meter: cf.
F. évapormètre.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the quantity of a fluid
evaporated in a given time; an atmometer.

EVASIBLE
E*va"si*ble, a.

Defn: That may be evaded. [R.]

EVASION
E*va"sion, n. Etym: [L. evasio: cf. F. évasion. See Evade.]

Defn: The act of eluding or avoiding, particularly the pressure of an
argument, accusation, charge, or interrogation; artful means of
eluding.
Thou . . . by evasions thy crime uncoverest more. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Shift; subterfuge; shuffling; prevarication; equivocation.

EVASIVE
E*va"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. évasif. See Evade.]

Defn: Tending to evade, or marked by evasion; elusive; shuffling;
avoiding by artifice.
Thus he, though conscious of the ethereal guest, Answered evasive of
the sly request. Pope.
Stammered out a few evasive phrases. Macaulay.
-- E*va"sive*ly , adv.
 -- E*va"sive*ness, n.

EVE
Eve, n. Etym: [See Even, n.]

1. Evening. [Poetic]
Winter oft, at eve resumes the breeze. Thomson.

2. The evening before a holiday, -- from the Jewish mode of reckoning
the day as beginning at sunset. not at midnight; as, Christians eve
is the evening before Christmas; also, the period immediately
preceding some important event. "On the eve of death." Keble. Eve
churr (Zoöl), the European goatsucker or nightjar; -- called also
night churr, and churr owl.

EVECTICS
E*vec"tics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The branch of medical science which teaches the method of
acquiring a good habit of body. [Obs.]

EVECTION
E*vec"tion. Etym: [L. evectio a going up, fr. evehere to carry out; e
out + vehere to carry: cf. F évection.]

1. The act of carrying up or away; exaltation. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

2. (Astron.)
(a) An inequality of the moon's motion is its orbit to the attraction
of the sun, by which the equation of the center is diminished at the
syzygies, and increased at the quadratures by about 1º 20'.
(b) The libration of the moon. Whewell.

EVEN
E"ven n. Etym: [OE. eve, even, efen, æfen. AS. æfen; akin to OS.
aband, OFries, avend, D. avond, OHG. aband, Icel. aptan, Sw. afton,
Dan. aften; of unknown origin. Cf. Eve, Evening.]

Defn: Evening. See Eve, n. 1. [Poetic.] Shak.

EVEN
E"ven, a. Etym: [AS. efen. efn; akin to OS. eban, D. even, OHG. eban,
G. efen, Icel. jafn, Dan. jevn, Sw. jämn, Goth. ibns. Cf. Anent,
Ebb.]

1. Level, smooth, or equal in surface; not rough; free from
irregularities; hence uniform in rate of motion of action; as, even
ground; an even speed; an even course of conduct.

2. Equable; not easily ruffed or disturbed; calm; uniformly self-
possessed; as, an even temper.

3. Parallel; on a level; reaching the same limit.
And shall lay thee even with the ground. Luke xix. 44.

4. Balanced; adjusted; fair; equitable; impartial; just to both side;
owing nothing on either side; -- said of accounts, bargains, or
persons indebted; as, our accounts are even; an even bargain.
To make the even truth in pleasure flow. Shak.

5. Without an irregularity, flaw, or blemish; pure. "I know my life
so even." Shak.

6. Associate; fellow; of the same condition. [Obs.] "His even
servant." Wyclif (Matt.

7. Not odd; capable of division by two without a remainder; -- said
of numbers; as, 4 and 10 are even numbers.
Whether the number of the stars is even or odd. Jer. Taylor.
On even ground, with equal advantage.
 -- On even keel (Naut.), in a level or horizontal position.

EVEN
E"ven, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evened; p. pr. & vb. n. Evening]

1. To make even or level; to level; to lay smooth.
His temple Xerxes evened with the soil. Sir. W. Raleigh.
It will even all inequalities Evelyn.

2. To equal [Obs.] "To even him in valor." Fuller.

3. To place in an equal state, as to obligation, or in a state in
which nothing is due on either side; to balance, as accounts; to make
quits. Shak.

4. To set right; to complete.

5. To act up to; to keep pace with. Shak.

EVEN
E"ven, v. i.

Defn: To be equal. [Obs.] R. Carew.

EVEN
E"ven, adv. Etym: [AS. efne. See Even, a., and cf. E'en.]

1. In an equal or precisely similar manner; equally; precisely; just;
likewise; as well. "Is it even so" Shak.
Even so did these Gauls possess the coast. Spenser.

2. Up to, or down to, an unusual measure or level; so much as; fully;
quite.
Thou wast a soldier Even to Cato's wish. Shak.
Without . . . making us even sensible of the change. Swift.

3. As might not be expected; -- serving to introduce what is
unexpected or less expected.
I have made several discoveries, which appear new, even to those who
are versed in critical learning. Addison.

4. At the very time; in the very case.
I knew they were had enough to please, even when I wrote them.
Dryden.

Note: Even is sometimes used to emphasize a word or phrase. "I have
debated even in my soul." Shak.
By these presence, even the presence of Lord Mortimer. Shak.

EVENE
E*vene", v. i. Etym: [L. evenire. See Event.]

Defn: To happen. [Obs.] Hewyt.

EVENER
E"ven*er, n.

1. One who, or that which makes even.

2. In vehicles, a swinging crossbar, to the ends of which other
crossbars, or whiffletrees, are hung, to equalize the draught when
two or three horses are used abreast.

EVENFALL
E"ven*fall`, n.

Defn: Beginning of evening. "At the quiet evenfall." Tennyson.

EVENHAND
E"ven*hand`, n.

Defn: Equality. [Obs.] Bacon.

EVENHANDED
E"ven*hand`ed, a.

Defn: Fair or impartial; unbiased. "Evenhanded justice." Shak.
 -- E"ven*hand`ed*ly, adv.
 -- E"ven*hand`ed*ness, n.

EVENING
E"ven*ing, n. Etym: [AS. æfnung. See even, n., and cf. Eve.]

1. The latter part and close of the day, and the beginning of
darkness or night; properly, the decline of the day, or of the sum.
In the ascending scale Of heaven, the stars that usher evening rose.
Milton.

Note: Sometimes, especially in the Southern parts of the United
States, the afternoon is called evening. Bartlett.

2. The latter portion, as of life; the declining period, as of
strength or glory.

Note: Sometimes used adjectively; as, evening gun. "Evening Prayer."
Shak. Evening flower (Bot.), a genus of iridaceous plants
(Hesperantha) from the Cape of Good Hope, with sword-shaped leaves,
and sweet-scented flowers which expand in the evening.
 -- Evening grosbeak (Zoöl.), an American singing bird
(Coccothraustes vespertina) having a very large bill. Its color is
olivaceous, with the crown, wings, and tail black, and the under tail
coverts yellow. So called because it sings in the evening.
 -- Evening primrose. See under Primrose.
 -- The evening star, the bright star of early evening in the western
sky, soon passing below the horizon; specifically, the planet Venus;
-- called also Vesper and Hesperus. During portions of the year,
Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn are also evening stars. See Morning Star.

EVENLY
E"ven*ly, adv.

Defn: With an even, level, or smooth surface; without roughness,
elevations, or depression; uniformly; equally; comfortably;
impartially; serenely.

EVENMINDED
E"ven*mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having equanimity.

EVENNESS
E"ven*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being ven, level, or disturbed; smoothness;
horizontal position; uniformity; impartiality; calmness; equanimity;
appropriate place or level; as, evenness of surface, of a fluid at
rest, of motion, of dealings, of temper, of condition.
It had need be something extraordinary, that must warrant an ordinary
person to rise higher than his own evenness. Jer. Taylor.

EVENSONG
E"ven*song`, n. Etym: [AS. æfensang.]

Defn: A song for the evening; the evening service or form of worship
(in the Church of England including vespers and compline); also, the
time of evensong. Wyclif. Milton.

EVENT
E*vent", n. Etym: [L. eventus, fr. evenire to happen, come out; e out
+ venire to come. See Come.]

1. That which comes, arrives, or happens; that which falls out; any
incident, good or bad. "The events of his early years." Macaulay.
To watch quietly the course of events. Jowett (Thucyd. )
There is one event to the righteous, and to the wicked. Eccl. ix. 2.

2. An affair in hand; business; enterprise. [Obs.] "Leave we him to
his events." Shak.

3. The consequence of anything; the issue; conclusion; result; that
in which an action, operation, or series of operations, terminates.
Dark doubts between the promise and event. Young.

Syn.
 -- Incident; occurrence; adventure; issue; result; termination;
consequence; conclusion.
 -- Event, Occurrence, Incident, Circumstance. An event denotes that
which arises from a preceding state of things. Hence we speak or
watching the event; of tracing the progress of events. An occurrence
has no reference to any antecedents, but simply marks that which
meets us in our progress through life, as if by chance, or in the
course of divine providence. The things which thus meet us, if
important, are usually connected with antecedents; and hence event is
the leading term. In the "Declaration of Independence" it is said,
"When, in the cource of human events, it becomes necessary." etc.
Here, occurrences would be out of place. An incident is that which
falls into a state of things to which is does not primarily belong;
as, the incidents of a journey. The term is usually applied to things
of secondary importance. A circumstance is one of the things
surrounding us in our path of life. These may differ greatly in
importance; but they are always outsiders, which operate upon us from
without, exerting greater or less influence according to their
intrinsic importance. A person giving an account of a campaign might
dwell on the leading events which it produced; might mention some of
its striking occurrences; might allude to some remarkable incidents
which attended it; and might give the details of the favorable or
adverse circumstances which marked its progress.

EVENT
E*vent", v. t. Etym: [F. éventer to fan, divulge, LL. eventare to
fan, fr., L. e out + ventus wind.]

Defn: To break forth. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

EVENTERATE
E*ven"ter*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. e out + venter the belly: cf. F.
éventer.]

Defn: To rip open; todisembowel. [Obs.] Sir. T. Brown.

EVENTFUL
E*vent"ful a.

Defn: Full of, or rich in, events or incidents; as, an eventful
journey; an eventful period of history; an eventful period of life.

EVENTIDE
E"ven*tide` n. Etym: [AS. æfentid. See Tide.]

Defn: The time of evening; evening. [Poetic.] Spenser.

EVENTILATE
E*ven"ti*late, v. t. Etym: [L. eventilatus, p. p. of eventilare to
fan. See Ventilate.]

1. To winnow out; to fan. [Obs.] Cockeram.

2. To discuss; to ventilate. [Obs.] Johnson.

EVENTILATION
E*ven`ti*la"tion, n.

Defn: The act of eventilating; discussion. [Obs.] Bp. Berkely.

EVENTLESS
E*vent"less, a.

Defn: Without events; tame; monotomous; marked by nothing unusual;
uneventful.

EVENTOGNATHI
Ev`en*tog"na*thi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Dr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes including a vast number of freshwater
species such as the carp, loach, chub, etc.

EVENTRATION
E`ven*tra*tion, n. Etym: [L. e out + venter belly.] (Med.)
(a) A tumor containing a large portion of the abdominal viscera,
occasioned by relaxation of the walls of the abdomen.
(b) A wound, of large extent, in the abdomen, through which the
greater part of the intestines protrude.
(c) The act af disemboweling.

EVENTUAL
E*ven"tu*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. éventiel. See Event.]

1. Coming or happening as a consequence or result; consequential.
Burke.

2. Final; ultimate. "Eventual success." Cooper.

3. (Law)

Defn: Dependent on events; contingent. Marshall.

EVENTUALITY
E*ven`tu*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Eventualities. Etym: [Cf. F. éventualité.]

1. The coming as a consequence; contingency; also, an event which
comes as a consequence.

2. (Phren.)

Defn: Disposition to take cognizance of events.

EVENTUALLY
E*ven"tu*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an eventual manner; finally; ultimately.

EVENTUATE
E*ven"tu*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Eventuated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Eventuating.]

Defn: To come out finally or in conclusion; to result; to come to
pass.

EVENTUATION
E*ven`tu*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of eventuating or happening as a result; the outcome.
R. W. Hamilton.

EVER
Ev"er adv. Etym: [OE. ever, æfre, AS. æfre; perh. akin to AS. a
always. Cf. Aye, Age,Evry, Never.] [Sometimes contracted into e'er.]

1. At any time; at any period or point of time.
No man ever yet hated his own flesh. Eph. v. 29.

2. At all times; through all time; always; forever.
He shall ever love, and always be The subject of by scorn and
cruelty. Dryder.

3. Without cessation; continually.

Note: Ever is sometimes used as an intensive or a word of
enforcement. "His the old man e'er a son" Shak.
To produce as much as ever they can. M. Arnold.
Ever and anon, now and then; often. See under Anon.
 -- Ever is one, continually; constantly. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- Ever so, in whatever degree; to whatever extent; -- used to
intensify indefinitely the meaning of the associated adjective or
adverb. See Never so, under Never. "Let him be ever so rich."
Emerson.
And all the question (wrangle e'er so long), Is only this, if God has
placed him wrong. Pope.
You spend ever so much money in entertaining your equals and betters.
Thackeray.
-- For ever, eternally. See Forever.
 -- For ever and a day, emphatically forever. Shak.
She [Fortune] soon wheeled away, with scornful laughter, out of sight
for ever and day. Prof. Wilson.
-- Or ever (for or ere), before. See Or, ere. [Archaic]
Would I had met my dearest foe in heaven Or ever I had seen that day,
Horatio! Shak.

Note: Ever is sometimes joined to its adjective by a hyphen, but in
most cases the hyphen is needless; as, ever memorable, ever watchful,
ever burning.

EVERDURING
Ev`er*dur"ing a.

Defn: Everlasting. Shak.

EVERGLADE
Ev`er*glade, n.

Defn: A swamp or low tract of land inundated with water and
interspersed with hummocks, or small islands, and patches of high
grass; as, the everglades of Florida. [U. S.]

EVERGREEN
Ev"er*green a. (Bot.)

Defn: Remaining unwithered through the winter, or retaining
unwithered leaves until the leaves of the next year are expanded, as
pines cedars, hemlocks, and the like.

EVERGREEN
Ev"er*green, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen plant.

2. pl.

Defn: Twigs and branches of evergreen plants used for decoration.
"The funeral evengreens entwine." Keble.

EVERGREEN STATE
Evergreen State.

Defn: Washington; -- a nickname alluding to the abundance of
evergreen trees.

EVERICH; EVERYCH
Ev"er*ich, Ev"er*ych, a. Etym: [OE. see Every.]

Defn: each one; every one; each of two. See Every. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EVERICHON; EVERYCHON
Ev`er*ich*on", Ev`er*ych*on", pron. Etym: [OE. everich + oon, on,
one. See Every, and One.]

Defn: Every one. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EVERLASTING
Ever*last"ing a.

1. Lasting or enduring forever; exsisting or continuing without end;
immoral; eternal. "The Everlasting God." Gen. xx1. 33.

2. Continuing indefinitely, or during a long period; perpetual;
sometimes used, colloquially, as a strong intensive; as, this
everlasting nonsence.
I will give to thee, and to thy seed after thee . . . the land of
Canaan, for an everlasting possession. Gen xvii. 8.
And heard thy everlasting yawn confess The pains and penalties of
idleness. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Eternal; immortal, interminable; endless; never-ending; infinite;
unceasing; uninterrupted; continual; unintermitted; incessant. -
Everlasting, Eternal. Eternal denotes (when taken strictly) without
beginning or end of duration; everlasting is sometimes used in our
version of the Scriptures in the sense of eternal, but in modern
usage is confined to the future, and implies no intermission as well
as no end.
Whether we shall meet again I know not; Therefore our everlasting
farewell take; Forever, and forever farewell, Cassius. Shak.
Everlasting flower. Sane as Everlasting, n., 3.
 -- Everlasting pea, an ornamental plant (Lathyrus latifolius)
related to the pea; -- so called because it is perennial.

EVERLASTING
Ev`er*last"ing, n.

1. Eternal duration, past of future; eternity.
From everlasting to everlasting, thou art God. Ps. xc. 2.

2. (With the definite article) The Eternal Being; God.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant whose flowers may be dried without losing their form or
color, as the pearly everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea), the
immortelle of the French, the cudweeds, etc.

4. A cloth fabic for shoes, etc. See Lasting.

EVERLASTINGLY
Ev`er*last"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In an everlasting manner.

EVERLASTINGNESS
Ev`er*last"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being everlasting; endless duration; indefinite
duration.

EVERLIVING
Ev`er*liv"ing, a.

1. Living always; immoral; eternal; as, the everliving God.

2. Continual; incessant; unintermitted.

EVERMORE
Ev`er*more", adv.

Defn: During eternity; always; forever; for an indefinite period; at
all times; -- often used substantively with for.
Seek the Lord . . . Seek his face evermore. Ps. cv. 4.
And, behold, I am alive for evermore. Rev. i. 18.
Which flow from the presence of God for evermore. Tillotson.
I evermore did love you, Hermia. Shak.

EVERNIC
E*ver"nic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to Evernia, a genus of lichens; as, evernic acid.

EVERSE
E*verse", v. t. Etym: [L. eversus, p. p. of evertere to turn out,
overthrow; e out + vertere to turn. Cf. Evert.]

Defn: To overthrow or subvert. [Obs.] Glanvill.

EVERSION
E*ver"sion, n. Etym: [L. eversio: cf. F. éversion.]

1. The act of eversing; destruction. Jer. Taylor.

2. The state of being turned back or outward; as, eversion of
eyelids; ectropium.

EVERSIVE
E*ver"sive, a.

Defn: Tending to evert or overthrow; subversive; with of.
A maxim eversive . . . of all justice and morality. Geddes.

EVERT
E*vert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Everted; p. pr. & vb. n. Everting.]
Etym: [L. evertere. See Everse.]

1. To overthrow; to subvert. [R.] Ayliffe.

2. To turn outwards, or inside out, as an intestine.

EVERY
Ev"er*y, a. & a. pron. Etym: [OE. everich, everilk; AS. ever + ælc
each. See Ever, each.]

1. All the parts which compose a whole collection or aggregate
number, considered in their individuality, all taken separately one
by one, out of an indefinite bumber.
Every man at his best state is altogether vanity. Ps. xxxix. 5.
Every door and window was adorned with wreaths of flowers. Macaulay.

2. Every one. Cf. Each. [Obs.] "Every of your wishes." Shak.
Daily occasions given to every of us. Hooker.
Every each, every one. [Obs.] "Every each of them hath some vices."
Burton..
 -- Every now and then, at short intervals; occasionally; repeatedly;
frequently. [Colloq.]

Note: Every may, by way of emphasis, precede the article the with a
superlative adjective; as, every, the least variation. Locke.

Syn.
 -- Every, Each, Any. Any denotes one, or some, taken indifferently
from the individuals which compose a class. Every differs from each
in giving less promonence to the selection of the individual. Each
relates to two or more individuals of a class. It refers definitely
to every one of them, denoting that they are considered separately,
one by one, all being included; as, each soldier was receiving a
dollar per day. Every relates to more than two and brings into
greater prominence the notion that not one of all considered is
excepted; as, every soldier was on service, except the cavalry, that
is, all the soldiers, etc.
In each division there were four pentecosties, in every pentecosty
four enomoties, and of each enomoty there fought in the front rank
four [soldiers]. Jowett (Thucyd. ).
If society is to be kept together and the children of Adam to be
saved from setting up each for himself with every one else his foe.
J. H. Newman.

EVERYBODY
Ev"er*y*bod`y, n.

Defn: Every person.

EVERYDAY
Ev"er*y*day`, a.

Defn: Used or fit for every day; common; usual; as, an everyday suit
or clothes.
The mechanical drudgery of his everyday employment. Sir. J. Herchel.

EVERYONE
Ev"er*y*one`, n. Etym: [OE. everychon.]

Defn: Everybody; -- commonly separated, every one.

EVERYTHING
Ev"er*y*thing`, n.

Defn: Whatever pertains to the subject under consideration; all
things.
More wise, more learned, more just, more everything. Pope.

EVERYWHEN
Ev"er*y*when`, adv.

Defn: At any or all times; every instant. [R.] "Eternal law is
silently present everywhere and everywhen." Carlyle.

EVERYWHERE
Ev"er*y*where`, adv.

Defn: In every place; in all places; hence, in every part; throughly;
altogether.

EVERYWHERENESS
Ev"er*y*where`ness, n.

Defn: Ubiquity; omnipresence. [R.] Grew.

EVESDROP
Eves"drop`, v. i.

Defn: See Eavesdrop.

EVESDROPPER
Eves"drop`per, n.

Defn: See Eavesdropper.

EVESTIGATE
E*ves"ti*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. evestigatus traced out; e out +
vestigatus, p. p. of vestigare. See Vestigate.]

Defn: To investigate. [Obs.] Bailey.

EVET
Ev"et, n. Etym: [See Eft, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common newt or eft. In America often applied to several
species of aquatic salamanders. [Written also evat.]

EVIBRATE
E*vi"brate, v. t. & i. Etym: [L. evibrare. See Vibrate.]

Defn: To vibrate. [Obs.] Cockeram.

EVICT
E*vict", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evicted; p. pr. & vb. n. Evicting.]
Etym: [L. evictus, p. p. of evincere to overcome completely, evict.
See Evince.]

1. (Law)

Defn: To dispossess by a judicial process; to dispossess by paramount
right or claim of such right; to eject; to oust.
The law of England would speedily evict them out of their possession.
Sir. J. Davies.

2. To evince; to prove. [Obs.] Cheyne.

EVICTION
E*vic"tion, n. Etym: [L. evictio: cf. F. éviction.]

1. The act or process of evicting; or state of being evicted; the
recovery of lands, tenements, etc., from another's possession by due
course of law; dispossession by paramount title or claim of such
title; ejectment; ouster.

2. Conclusive evidence; proof. [Obs.]
Full eviction of this fatal truth. South.

EVIDENCE
Ev"i*dence, n. Etym: [F. évidence, L. Evidentia. See Evident.]

1. That which makes evident or manifest; that which furnishes, or
tends to furnish, proof; any mode of proof; the ground of belief or
judgement; as, the evidence of our senses; evidence of the truth or
falsehood of a statement.
Faith is . . . the evidence of things not seen. Heb. xi. 1.
O glorious trial of exceeding love Illustrious evidence, example
high. Milton.

2. One who bears witness. [R.] "Infamous and perjured evidences." Sir
W. Scott.

3. (Law)

Defn: That which is legally submitted to competent tribunal, as a
means of ascertaining the truth of any alleged matter of fact under
investigation before it; means of making proof; -- the latter,
strictly speaking, not being synonymous with evidence, but rather the
effect of it. Greenleaf. Circumstantial evidence, Conclusive
evidence, etc. See under Circumstantial, Conclusive, etc.
 -- Crown's, King's, or Queen's evidence, evidence for the crown.
[Eng.] -- State's evidence, evidence for the government or the
people. [U. S. ] -- To turn King's, Queen's or State's evidence, to
confess a crime and give evidence against one's accomplices.

Syn.
 -- Testimony; proof. See Tesimony.

EVIDENCE
Ev"i*dence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evidenced; p, pr. & vb. n.
Evidencing.]

Defn: To render evident or clear; to prove; to evince; as, to
evidence a fact, or the guilt of an offender. Milton.

EVIDENCER
Ev"i*den*cer, n.

Defn: One whi gives evidence.

EVIDENT
Ev"i*dent, a. Etym: [F. évinent, l. evidens, -entis; e out + videns,
p. pr. of videre to see. See Vision.]

Defn: Clear to the vision; especially, clear to the understanding,
and satisfactory to the judgment; as, the figure or color of a body
is evident to the senses; the guilt of an offender can not always be
made evident.
Your honor and your goodness is so evident. Shak.
And in our faces evident the sings Of foul concupiscence. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Manifest; plain; clear; obvious; visible; apparent; conclusive;
indubitable; palpable; notorious. See Manifest.

EVIDENTIAL
Ev`i*den"tial, a.

Defn: Relating to, or affording, evidence; indicative; especially,
relating to the evidences of Christianity. Bp. Fleetwood. "Evidential
tracks." Earle..
 -- Ev`i*den"tial*ly, adv.

EVIDENTIARY
Ev`i*den"ti*a*ry, a.

Defn: Furnishing evidence; asserting; proving; evidential.
When a fact is supposed, although incorrectly, to be evidentiary of,
a mark of, some other fact. J. S. Mill.

EVIDENTLY
Ev"i*dent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an evident manner; clearly; plainly.
Before whose eyes Jesus Christ hath been evidently set forth. Gal.
iii. 1.
He has evidently in the prime of youth. W. Irving.

EVIDENTNESS
Ev"i*dent*ness, n.

Defn: State of being evident.

EVIGILATION
E*vig`i*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. evigilatio; e out + vigilare to be
awake. See Vigilant.]

Defn: A waking up or awakening. [Obs.]

EVIL
E*vil a. Etym: [OE. evel, evil, ifel, uvel, AS. yfel; akin to OFries,
evel, D. euvel, OS. & OHG. ubil, G. übel, Goth. ubils, and perh. to
E. over.]

1. Having qualities tending to injury and mischief; having a nature
or properties which tend to badness; mischievous; not good; worthless
or deleterious; poor; as, an evil beast; and evil plant; an evil
crop.
A good tree can not bring forth evil fruit. Matt. vii. 18.

2. Having or exhibiting bad moral qualities; morally corrupt; wicked;
wrong; vicious; as, evil conduct, thoughts, heart, words, and the
like.
Ah, what a sign it is of evil life, When death's approach is seen so
terrible. Shak.

3. Producing or threatening sorrow, distress, injury, or calamity;
unpropitious; calamitous; as, evil tidings; evil arrows; evil days.
Because he hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin of Israel.
Deut. xxii. 19.
The owl shrieked at thy birth -- an evil sign. Shak.
Evil news rides post, while good news baits. Milton.
Evil eye, an eye which inflicts injury by some magical or fascinating
influence. It is still believed by the ignorant and superstitious
that some persons have the supernatural power of injuring by a look.
It almost led him to believe in the evil eye. J. H. Newman.
-- Evil speaking, speaking ill of others; calumny; censoriousness.
 -- The evil one, the Devil; Satan.

Note: Evil is sometimes written as the first part of a compound (with
or without a hyphen). In many cases the compounding need not be
insisted on. Examples: Evil doer or evildoer, evil speakink or evil-
speaking, evil worker, evil wishink, evil-hearted, evil-minded.

Syn.
 -- Mischieveous; pernicious; injurious; hurtful; destructive;
wicked; sinful; bad; corrupt; perverse; wrong; vicious; calamitious.

EVIL
E"vil n.

1. Anything which impairs the happiness of a being or deprives a
being of any good; anything which causes suffering of any kind to
sentient beings; injury; mischief; harm; -- opposed to Ant: good.
Evils which our own misdeeds have wrought. Milton.
The evil that men do lives after them. Shak.

2. Moral badness, or the deviation of a moral being from the
principles of virtue imposed by conscience, or by the will of the
Supreme Being, or by the principles of a lawful human authority;
disposition to do wrong; moral offence; wickedness; depravity.
The heart of the sons of men is full of evil. Eccl. ix. 3.

3. malady or disease; especially in the phrase king's evil, the
scrofula. [R.] Shak.
He [Edward the Confessor] was the first that touched for the evil.
Addison.

EVIL
E"vil, adv.

Defn: In an evil manner; not well; ill; badly; unhappily;
injuriously; unkindly. Shak.
It went evil with his house. 1 Chron. vii. 23.
The Egyptians evil entreated us, and affected us. Deut. xxvi. 6.

EVIL EYE
E"vil eye`

Defn: . See Evil eye under Evil, a.

EVIL-EYED
E"vil-eyed a.

Defn: Possessed of the supposed evil eye; also, looking with envy,
jealousy, or bad design; malicious. Shak.

EVIL-FAVORED
E"vil-fa`vored, a.

Defn: Having a bad countenance or appearance; ill-favored; blemished;
deformed. Bacon.
-- E"vil-fa`vored*ness, n. Deut. xvi. 1.

EVILLY
E"vil*ly, adv.

Defn: In an evil manner; not well; ill. [Obs.] "Good deeds evilly
bestowed." Shak.

EVIL-MINDED
E"vil-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having evil dispositions or intentions; disposed to mischief or
sin; malicious; malignant; wicked.
 -- E"vil-mind`ed*ness, n.

EVILNESS
E"vil*ness, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being evil; badness; viciousness;
malignity; vileness; as, evilness of heart; the evilness of sin.

EVINCE
E*vince", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evinced; p. pr. & vb. n. Evincing.]
Etym: [L. evincere vanquish completely, prevail, succeed in proving;
e out + vincere to vanquish. See Victor, and cf. Evict.]

1. To conquer; to subdue. [Obs.]
Error by his own arms is best evinced. Milton.

2. To show in a clear manner; to prove beyond any reasonable doubt;
to manifest; to make evident; to bring to light; to evidence.
Common sense and experience must and will evince the truth of this.
South.

EVINCEMENT
E*vince"ment, n.

Defn: The act of evincing or proving, or the state of being evinced.

EVINCIBLE
E*vin"ci*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being proved or clearly brought to light;
demonstrable. Sir. M. Hale. --E*vin"ci*bly, adv.

EVINCIVE
E*vin"cive, a.

Defn: Tending to prove; having the power to demonstrate;
demonstrative; indicative.

EVIRATE
E"vi*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. eviratus, p. p. of evirare to castrate; e
out + vir man.]

Defn: To emasculate; to dispossess of manhood. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

EVIRATION
Ev`i*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. eviratio.]

Defn: Castration. [Obs.]

EVISCERATE
E*vis"cer*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eviscerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Eviscerating.] Etym: [L. evisceratus, p. p. of eviscerare to
eviscerate; e out + viscera the bowels. See Viscera.]

Defn: To take out the entrails of; to disembowel; to gut.

EVISCERATION
E*vis`cer*a"tion, a.

Defn: A disemboweling.

EVITABLE
Ev"i*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. evitabilis: cf. F. évitable.]

Defn: A voidable. [R.] Hooker.

EVITATE
Ev"i*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. evitatus, p. p. of evitare to shun; e out
+ vitare to shun.]

Defn: To shun; to avoid. [Obs.] Shak.

EVITATION
Ev`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. evitatio.]

Defn: A shunning; avoidance. [Obs.] Bacon.

EVITE
E*vite", v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. éviter. See Evitate.]

Defn: To shun. [Obs.] Dryton.

EVITERNAL
Ev`i*ter"nal, a. Etym: [L. eviternus, aeternus. See Etern.]

Defn: Eternal; everlasting. [Obs.] -- Ev`i*ter"nal*ly, adv. Bp. Hall.

EVITERNITY
Ev`i*ter"ni*ty, n.

Defn: Eternity. [Obs.]

EVOCATE
Ev"o*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. evocatus, p. p. of evocare. See Evoke.]

Defn: To call out or forth; to summon; to evoke. [R.] Stackhouse.

EVOCATION
Ev`o*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. evocatio: cf. F. évocation.]

Defn: The act of calling out or forth. Sir. T. Browne.
The evocation of that better spirit. M. Arnold.

EVOCATIVE
E*vo"ca*tive, a.

Defn: Calling forth; serving to evoke; developing.
Evocative power over all that is eloquent and expressive in the
better soul of man. W. Pater.

EVOCATOR
Ev"o*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who calls forth. [R.]

EVOKE
E*voke", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evoked; p. pr. & vb. n. Evoking.] Etym:
[L. evocare; e out + vocare to call, fr. vox, vocis, voice: cf. F
évoquer. See Voice, and cf. Evocate.]

1. To call out; to summon forth.
To evoke the queen of the fairies. T. Warton.
A requlating discipline of exercise, that whilst evoking the human
energies, will not suffer them to be wasted. De Quincey.

2. To call away; to remove from one tribunal to another. [R.] "The
cause was evoked to Rome." Hume.

EVOLATIC; EVOLATICAL
Ev`o*lat"ic, Ev`o*lat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. evolare to fly away; e out
+ volare to fly.]

Defn: Apt to fly away. [Obs. or R.] Blount.

EVOLATION
Ev`o*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. evolatio.]

Defn: A flying out or up. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

EVOLUTE
Ev"o*lute, n. Etym: [L. evolutus unrolled, p. p. of evolvere. See
Evolve.] (Geom.)

Defn: A curve from which another curve, called the involute or
evolvent, is described by the end of a thread gradually wound upon
the former, or unwound from it. See Involute. It is the locus of the
centers of all the circles which are osculatory to the given curve or
evolvent.

Note: Any curve may be an evolute, the term being applied to it only
in its relation to the involute.

EVOLUTILITY
Ev`o*lu*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [See Evolution.] (Biol.)

Defn: The faculty possessed by all substances capable of self-
nourishment of manifesting the nutritive acts by changes of form, of
volume, or of structure. Syd. Soc. Lex.

EVOLUTION
Ev`o*lu"tion, n. Etym: [L. evolutio an unrolling: cf. F. évolution
evolution. See Evolve.]

1. The act of unfolding or unrolling; hence, in the process of
growth; development; as, the evolution of a flower from a bud, or an
animal from the egg.

2. A series of things unrolled or unfolded. "The whole evolution of
ages." Dr. H. More.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: The formation of an involute by unwrapping a thread from a
curve as an evolute. Hutton.

4. (Arith. & Alg.)

Defn: The extraction of roots; -- the reverse of involution.

5. (Mil. & Naval)

Defn: A prescribed movement of a body of troops, or a vessel or
fleet; any movement designed to effect a new arrangement or
disposition; a maneuver.
Those evolutions are best which can be executed with the greatest
celerity, compatible with regularity. Campbell.

6. (Biol.)
(a) A general name for the history of the steps by which any living
organism has acquired the morphological and physiological characters
which distinguish it; a gradual unfolding of successive phases of
growth or development.
(b) That theory of generation which supposes the germ to preëxist in
the parent, and its parts to be developed, but not actually formed,
by the procreative act; -- opposed to epigenesis.

7. (Metaph.)

Defn: That series of changes under natural law which involves
continuous progress from the homogeneous to the heterogeneous in
structure, and from the single and simple to the diverse and manifold
in quality or function. The pocess is by some limited to organic
beings; by others it is applied to the inorganic and the psychical.
It is also applied to explain the existence and growth of
institutions, manners, language, civilization, and every product of
human activity. The agencies and laws of the process are variously
explained by different philosophrs.
Evolution is to me series with development. Gladstone.

EVOLUTIONAL
Ev`o*lu"tion*al, a.

Defn: Relating to evolution. "Evolutional changes." H. Spenser.

EVOLUTIONARY
Ev`o*lu"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Relating to evolution; as, evolutionary discussions.

EVOLUTIONISM
Ev`o*lu"tion*ism, n.

Defn: The theory of, or belief in, evolution. See Evolution, 6 and 7.

EVOLUTIONIST
Ev`o*lu"tion*ist, n.

1. One skilled in evolutions.

2. one who holds the doctrine of evolution, either in biology or in
metaphysics. Darwin.

EVOLVE
E*volve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evolved; p. pr. & vb. n. Evolving.]
Etym: [L. evolvere, evolutum; e out + volvere to roll. See Voluble.]

1. To unfold or unroll; to open and expand; to disentangle and
exhibit clearly and satisfactorily; to develop; to derive; to educe.
The animal soul sooner evolves itself to its full orb and extent than
the human soul. Sir. M. Hale.
The principles which art involves, science alone evolves. Whewell.
Not by any power evolved from man's own resources, but by a power
which descended from above. J. C. Shairp.

2. To throw out; to emit; as, to evolve odors.

EVOLVE
E*volve", v. i.

Defn: To become open, disclosed, or developed; to pass through a
process of evolution. Prior.

EVOLVEMENT
E*volve"ment, n.

Defn: The act of evolving, or the state of being evolved; evolution.

EVOLVENT
E*volv"ent, n. Etym: [L. evolvents. -entis, unrolling, p. pr. of
evolvere.] (Geom.)

Defn: The involute of a curve. See Involute, and Evolute.

EVOMIT
E*vom"it, v. t. Etym: [L. evomitus, p. p. of evomere to vomit forth;
e out + vomere.]

Defn: To vomit. [Obs.]

EVOMITION
Ev`o*mi"tion, n.

Defn: The act of vomiting. [Obs.] Swift.

EVULGATE
E*vul"gate v. t. Etym: [L. evulgatus, p. p. of evulgare to publish.]

Defn: To publish abroad. [Obs.]

EVULGATION
Ev`ul*ga"tion, n.

Defn: A divulging. [Obs.]

EVULSION
E*vul"sion, n. Etym: [L. evulsio, fr. evellere, evulsum, to pluck
out; e out + vellere to pluck; cf. F. évulsion.]

Defn: The act of plucking out; a rooting out.

EW
Ew, n. Etym: [See Yew.]

Defn: A yew. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EWE
Ewe, n. Etym: [AS. eówu; akin to D. ooi, OHG. awi, ouwi, Icel. ær,
Goth. awe\'edi a flock of sheep, awistr a sheepfold, Lith. avis a
sheep, L. ovis, Gr. avi. *231.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The female of the sheep, and of sheeplike animals.

EWE-NECKED
Ewe"-necked`, a.

Defn: Having a neck like a ewe; -- said of horses in which the arch
of the neck is deficent, being somewhat hollowed out. Youwatt.

EWER
Ew"er, n. Etym: [OF. ewer, euwier, prop. a water carrier, F. évier a
washing place, sink, aiguière ewer, L. aquarius, adj., water
carrying, n., a water carrier, fr. aqua water; akin to Goth. ahwa
water, river, OHG, aha, G. au, aue, meadow. *219. Cf. Aquarium,
Aquatic, Island.]

Defn: A kind of widemouthed pitcher or jug; esp., one used to hold
water for the toilet.
Basins and ewers to lave her dainty hands. Shak.

EWERY; EWRY
Ew"er*y, Ew"ry n. Etym: [From Ewer.]

Defn: An office or place of household service where the ewers were
formerly kept. [Enq.] Parker.

EWT
Ewt, n. Etym: [See Newt.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The newt.

EX-
Ex-

Defn: . A prefix from the latin preposition, ex, akin to Gr. 'ex or
'ek signifying out of, out, proceeding from. Hence, in composition,
it signifies out of, as, in exhale, exclude; off, from, or out. as in
exscind; beyond, as, in excess, exceed, excel; and sometimes has a
privative sense of without, as in exalbuminuos, exsanguinous. In some
words, it intensifies the meaning; in others, it has little affect on
the signification. It becomes ef- before f, as in effuse. The form e-
occurs instead of ex- before b, d, g, l, m, n, r, and v, as in
ebullient, emanate, enormous, etc. In words from the French it often
appears as es-, sometimes as s- or é-; as, escape, scape, élite. Ex-,
prefixed to names implying office, station, condition, denotes that
the person formerly held the office, or is out of the office or
condition now; as, ex-president, ex-governor, ex-mayor, ex-convict.
The Greek form 'ex becomes ex in English, as in exarch; 'ek becomes
ec, as in eccentric.

EXACERBATE
Ex*ac"er*bate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exacerrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Exacerrating.] Etym: [L. exacerbatus, p. p. of exacerbare; ex out
(intens.) + acerbare. See Acerbate.]

Defn: To render more violent or bitter; to irriate; to exasperate; to
imbitter, as passions or disease. Broughman.

EXACERBATION
Ex*ac`er*ba"tion n. Etym: [Cf. F. exacerbation.]

1. The act rendering more violent or bitter; the state of being
exacerbated or intensified in violence or malignity; as, exacerbation
of passion.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A periodical increase of violence in a disease, as in remittent
or continious fever; an increased energy of diseased and painful
action.

EXACERBESCENCE
Ex*ac`er*bes"cence, n. Etym: [L. exacerbescens, -entis, p. pr. of
exacerbescere, incho. of exacerbare.]

Defn: Increase of irritation or violence, particularly the increase
of a fever or disease.

EXACERVATION
Ex*ac`er*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. exacervare to heap up exceedingly. See
Ex-, and Acervate.]

Defn: The act of heaping up. [Obs.] Bailey.

EXACINATE
Ex*ac"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. ex out + acinus kernel.]

Defn: To remove the kernel form.

EXACINATION
Ex*ac`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: Removal of the kernel.

EXACT
Ex*act", a. Etym: [L. exactus precise, accurate, p. p. of exigere to
drive out, to demand, enforce, finish, determine, measure; ex out +
agere to drive; cf. F. exact. See Agent, Act.]

1. Precisely agreeing with a standard, a fact, or the truth;
perfectly conforming; neither exceeding nor falling short in any
respect; true; correct; precise; as, the clock keeps exact time; he
paid the exact debt; an exact copy of a letter; exact accounts.
I took a great pains to make out the exact truth. Jowett (Thucyd. )

2. Habitually careful to agree with a standard, a rule, or a promise;
accurate; methodical; punctual; as, a man exact in observing an
appointment; in my doings I was exact. "I see thou art exact of
taste." Milton.

3. Precisely or definitely conceived or stated; strict.
An exact command, Larded with many several sorts of reason. Shak.

EXACT
Ex*act", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exacted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exacting.]
Etym: [From L. exactus, p. p. of exigere; or fr. LL. exactare: cf.
OF. exacter. See Exact, a.]

Defn: To demand or require authoritatively or peremptorily, as a
right; to enforce the payment of, or a yielding of; to compel to
yield or to furnish; hence, to wrest, as a fee or reward when none is
due; -- followed by from or of before the one subjected to exaction;
as, to exact tribute, fees, obedience, etc., from or of some one.
He said into them, Exact no more than that which is appointed you.
Luke. iii. 13.
Years of servise past From grateful souls exact reward at last
Dryden.
My designs Exact me in another place. Massinger.

EXACT
Ex*act", v. i.

Defn: To practice exaction. [R.]
The anemy shall not exact upon him. Ps. lxxxix. 22.

EXACTER
Ex*act"er, n.

Defn: An exactor. [R.]

EXACTING
Ex*act"ing, a.

Defn: Oppressive or unreasonably severe in making demands or
requiring the exact fulfillment of obligations; harsh; severe. "A
temper so exacting." T. Arnold -- Ex*act"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Ex*act"ing*ness, n.

EXACTION
Ex*ac"tion, n. Etym: [L. exactio: cf. F. exaction.]

1. The act of demanding with authority, and compelling to pay or
yield; compulsion to give or furnish; a levying by force; a driving
to compliance; as, the exaction to tribute or of obedience; hence,
extortion.
Take away your exactions from my people. Ezek. xlv. 9.
Daily new exactions are devised. Shak.
Illegal exactions of sheriffs and officials. Bancroft.

2. That which is exacted; a severe tribute; a fee, reward, or
contribution, demanded or levied with severity or injustice. Daniel.

EXACTITUDE
Ex*act"i*tude, n. Etym: [Cf. F. exactitude.]

Defn: The quality of being exact; exactness.

EXACTLY
Ex*act"ly, adv.

Defn: In an exact manner; precisely according to a rule, standard, or
fact; accurately; strictly; correctly; nicely. "Exactly wrought."
Shak.
His enemies were pleased, for he had acted exactly as their interests
required. Bancroft.

EXACTNESS
Ex*act"ness, n.

1. The condition of being exact; accuracy; nicety; precision;
regularity; as, exactness of jurgement or deportment.

2. Careful observance of method and conformity to truth; as,
exactness in accounts or business.
He had . . . that sort of exactness which would have made him a
respectable antiquary. Macaulay.

EXACTOR
Ex*act"or, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. exacteur.]

Defn: One who exacts or demands by authority or right; hence, an
extortioner; also, one unreasonably severe in injunctions or demands.
Jer. Taylor.

EXACTRESS
Ex*act"ress, n. Etym: [Cf. L. exactrix.]

Defn: A woman who is an exactor. [R.] B. Jonson.

EXACUATE
Ex*ac"u*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. exacure; ex out (intens.) + acuere to
make sharp.]

Defn: To whet or sharpen. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
 -- Ex*ac`u*a"tion, n. [Obs.]

EXAERESIS
Ex*ær"e*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: In old writers, the operations concerned in the removal of
parts of the body.

EXAGGERATE
Ex*ag"ger*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exaggerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Exaggerating . ] Etym: [L. exaggeratus , p. p. of exaggerare to heap
up; ex out + aggerare to heap up, fr. agger heap, aggerere to bring
to; ad to + gerere to bear. See Jest. ]

1. To heap up; to accumulate. [Obs.] "Earth exaggerated upon them
[oaks and firs]." Sir M. Hale.

2. To amplify; to magnify; to enlarge beyond bounds or the truth ; to
delineate extravagantly ; to overstate the truth concerning.
A friend exaggerates a man's virtues. Addison.

EXAGGERATED
Ex*ag"ger*a`ted, a.

Defn: Enlarged beyond bounds or the truth.
 -- Ex*ag"ger*a`ted*ly, adv.

EXAGGERATING
Ex*ag"ger*a`ting a.

Defn: That exaggerates; enlarging beyond bounds.
 -- Ex*ag"ger*a`ting*ly, adv.

EXAGGERATION
Ex*ag`ger*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. exaggeratio : cf. F. exagération.]

1. The act of heaping or piling up. [Obs.] "Exaggeration of sand."
Sir M. Hale.

2. The act of exaggerating; the act of doing or representing in an
excessive manner; a going beyond the bounds of truth reason, or
justice; a hyperbolical representation; hyperbole; overstatement.
No need of an exaggeration of what they saw. I. Taylor.

3. (Paint.)

Defn: A representation of things beyond natural life, in expression,
beauty, power, vigor.

EXAGGERATIVE
Ex*ag"ger*a*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to exaggerate; involving exaggeration. "Exaggerative
language." Geddes. "Exaggerative pictures." W. J. Linton.
 -- Ex*ag"ger*a*tive*ly, adv. Carlyle.

EXAGGERATOR
Ex*ag"ger*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who exaggerates; one addicted to exaggeration. L. Horner.

EXAGGERATORY
Ex*ag"ger*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Containing, or tending to, exaggeration; exaggerative. Johnson.

EXAGITATE
Ex*ag"i*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. exagitatus, p. p. of exagitare. See Ex-
, and Agitate.]

1. To stir up; to agitate. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

2. To satirize; to censure severely. [Obs.] Hooker.

EXAGITATION
Ex*ag`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. exagitatio : cf. OF. exagitation.]

Defn: Agitation. [Obs.] Bailey.

EXALBUMINOUS
Ex`al*bu"mi*nous, a. Etym: [Pref. ex- + albumen.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having no albumen about the embryo; -- said of certain seeds.

EXALT
Ex*alt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exalted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exalting.]
Etym: [L. exaltare; ex out (intens.) + altare to make high, altus
high: cf.F. exalter. See Altitude.]

1. To raise high; to elevate; to lift up.
I will exalt my throne above the stars of God. Is. xiv. 13.
Exalt thy towery head, and lift thine eyes Pope.

2. To elevate in rank, dignity, power, wealth, character, or the
like; to dignify; to promote; as, to exalt a prince to the throne, a
citizen to the presidency.
Righteousness exalteth a nation. Prov. xiv. 34.
He that humbleth himself shall be exalted. Luke xiv. 11.

3. To elevate by prise or estimation; to magnify; to extol; to
glorify. "Exalt ye the Lord." Ps. xcix. 5.
In his own grace he doth exalt himself. Shak.

4. To lift up with joy, pride, or success; to inspire with delight or
satisfaction; to elate.
They who thought they got whatsoever he lost were mightily exalted.
Dryden.

5. To elevate the tone of, as of the voice or a musical instrument.
Is. xxxvii. 23.
Now Mars, she said, let Fame exalt her voice. Prior.

6. (Alchem.)

Defn: To render pure or refined; to intensify or concentrate; as, to
exalt the juices of bodies.
With chemic art exalts the mineral powers. Pope.

EXALTATE
Ex"al*tate, a. Etym: [L. exaltatus, p. p. of exaltare to exalt.]
(Astrol.)

Defn: Exercising its highest influence; -- said of a planet. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

EXALTATION
Ex`al*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. exaltatio: cf. F.exaltation.]

1. The act of exalting or raising high; also, the state of being
exalted; elevation.
Wondering at my flight, and change To this high exaltation. Milton.

2. (Alchem.)

Defn: The refinement or subtilization of a body, or the increasing of
its virtue or principal property.

3. (Astrol.)

Defn: That place of a planet in the zodiac in which it was supposed
to exert its strongest influence.

EXALTED
Ex*alt"ed, a.

Defn: Raised to lofty height; elevated; extolled; refined; dignified;
sublime.
Wiser far than Solomon, Of more exalted mind. Milton.
Time never fails to bring every exalted reputation to a strict
scrutiny. Ames.
-- Ex*alt"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Ex*alt"ed*ness, n. "The exaltedness of some minds." T. Gray.

EXALTER
Ex*alt"er, n.

Defn: One who exalts or raises to dignity.

EXALTMENT
Ex*alt"ment, n.

Defn: Exaltation. [Obs.] Barrow.

EXAMEN
Ex*a"men, n. Etym: [L., the tongue of a balance, examination; for
exagmen, fr. exigere to weigh accurately, to treat: cf. F. examen.
See Exact, a.]

Defn: Examination; inquiry. [R.] "A critical examen of the two
pieces." Cowper.

EXAMETRON
Ex*am"e*tron, n. Etym: [NL. See Hexameter.]

Defn: An hexameter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EXAMINABLE
Ex*am"i*na*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being examined or inquired into. Bacon.

EXAMINANT
Ex*am"i*nant, n. Etym: [L. examinans, -antis, examining.]

1. One who examines; an examiner. Sir W. Scott.

2. One who is to be examined. [Obs.] H. Prideaux.

EXAMINATE
Ex*am"i*nate, n. Etym: [L. examinatus, p. p. of examinare. See
Examine. ]

Defn: A person subjected to examination. [Obs.] Bacon.

EXAMINATION
Ex*am`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. examinatio: cf. F. examination.]

1. The act of examining, or state of being examined; a careful
search, investigation, or inquiry; scrutiny by study or experiment.

2. A process prescribed or assigned for testing qualification; as,
the examination of a student, or of a candidate for admission to the
bar or the ministry.
He neglected the studies, . . . stood low at the examinations.
Macaulay.
Examination in chief, or Direct examination (Law), that examination
which is made of a witness by a party calling him.
 -- Cross-examination, that made by the opposite party.
 -- Reëxamination, or Re-direct examination, that made by a party
calling a witness, after, and upon matters arising out of, the cross-
examination.

Syn.
 -- Search; inquiry; investigation; research; scrutiny; inquisition;
inspection; exploration.

EXAMINATOR
Ex*am"i*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. examinateur.]

Defn: An examiner. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

EXAMINE
Ex*am"ine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Examined; p. pr. & vb. n. Examining.]
Etym: [L. examinare, examinatum, fr. examen, examinis: cf. F.
examiner. See Examen.]

1. To test by any appropriate method; to inspect carefully with a
view to discover the real character or state of; to subject to
inquiry or inspection of particulars for the purpose of obtaining a
fuller insight into the subject of examination, as a material
substance, a fact, a reason, a cause, the truth of a statement; to
inquire or search into; to explore; as, to examine a mineral; to
examine a ship to know whether she is seaworthy; to examine a
proposition, theory, or question.
Examine well your own thoughts. Chaucer.
Examine their counsels and their cares. Shak.

2. To interrogate as in a judicial proceeding; to try or test by
question; as, to examine a witness in order to elicit testimony, a
student to test his qualifications, a bankrupt touching the state of
his property, etc.
The offenders that are to be examined. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To discuss; debate; scrutinize; search into; investigate;
explore. See Discuss.

EXAMINEE
Ex*am`i*nee", n.

Defn: A person examined.

EXAMINER
Ex*am"in*er, n.

Defn: One who examines, tries, or inspects; one who interrogates; an
officer or person charged with the duty of making an examination; as,
an examiner of students for a degree; an examiner in chancery, in the
patent office, etc.

EXAMINERSHIP
Ex*am"in*er*ship, n.

Defn: The office or rank of an examiner.

EXAMINING
Ex*am"in*ing, a.

Defn: Having power to examine; appointed to examine; as, an examining
committee.

EXAMPLARY
Ex"am*pla*ry, a. Etym: [From Example, cf. Exemplary.]

Defn: Serving for example or pattern; exemplary. [Obs.] Hooker.

EXAMPLE
Ex*am"ple, n. Etym: [A later form for ensample, fr. L. exemplum,
orig., what is taken out of a larger quantity, as a sample, from
eximere to take out. See Exempt, and cf. Ensample, Sample.]

1. One or a portion taken to show the character or quality of the
whole; a sample; a specimen.

2. That which is to be followed or imitated as a model; a pattern or
copy.
For I have given you an example, that ye should do as John xiii. 15.
I gave, thou sayest, the example; I led the way. Milton.

3. That which resembles or corresponds with something else; a
precedent; a model.
Such temperate order in so fierce a cause Doth want example. Shak.

4. That which is to be avoided; one selected for punishment and to
serve as a warning; a warning.
Hang him; he'll be made an example. Shak.
Now these things were our examples, to the intent that we should not
lust after evil things, as they also lusted. 1 Cor. x. 6.

5. An instance serving for illustration of a rule or precept,
especially a problem to be solved, or a case to be determined, as an
exercise in the application of the rules of any study or branch of
science; as, in trigonometry and grammar, the principles and rules
are illustrated by examples.

Syn.
 -- Precedent; case; instance.
 -- Example, Instance. The discrimination to be made between these
two words relates to cases in which we give "instances" or "examples"
of things done. An instance denotes the single case then "standing"
before us; if there be others like it, the word does not express this
fact. On the contrary, an example is one of an entire class of like
things, and should be a true representative or sample of that class.
Hence, an example proves a rule or regular course of things; an
instance simply points out what may be true only in the case
presented. A man's life may be filled up with examples of the self-
command and kindness which marked his character, and may present only
a solitary instance of haste or severity. Hence, the word "example"
should never be used to describe what stands singly and alone. We do,
however, sometimes apply the word instance to what is really an
example, because we are not thinking of the latter under this aspect,
but solely as a case which "stands before us." See Precedent.

EXAMPLE
Ex*am"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exampled; p. pr. & vb. n. Exampling.]

Defn: To set an example for; to give a precedent for; to exemplify;
to give an instance of; to instance. [Obs.] "I may example my
digression by some mighty precedent." Shak.
Burke devoted himself to this duty with a fervid assiduity that has
not often been exampled, and has never been surpassed. J. Morley.

EXAMPLELESS
Ex*am"ple*less, a.

Defn: Without or above example. [R.]

EXAMPLER
Ex*am"pler, n. Etym: [See Exemplar, Example, and cf. Sampler.]

Defn: A pattern; an exemplar. [Obs.]

EXAMPLESS
Ex*am"pless, a.

Defn: Exampleless. [Wrongly formed.] B. Jonson.

EXANGUIOUS
Ex*an"gui*ous, a.

Defn: Bloodless. [Obs.] See Exsanguious. Sir T. Browne.

EXANGULOUS
Ex*an"gu*lous, a. Etym: [Pref ex- + angulous.]

Defn: Having no corners; without angles. [R.]

EXANIMATE
Ex*an"i*mate, a. Etym: [L. exanimatus, p. p. of exanimare to deprive
of life or spirit; ex out + anima air, breath, life, spirit.]

1. Lifeless; dead. [R.] "Carcasses exanimate." Spenser.

2. Destitute of animation; spiritless; disheartened. [R.] "Pale . . .
wretch, exanimate by love." Thomson.

EXANIMATE
Ex*an"i*mate, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of animation or of life. [Obs.]

EXANIMATION
Ex*an`i*ma"tion, n.Etym: [L. exanimatio.]

Defn: Deprivation of life or of spirits. [R.] Bailey.

EXANIMOUS
Ex*an"i*mous, a. Etym: [L. exanimus, exanimis; ex out, without +
anima life.]

Defn: Lifeless; dead. [Obs.] Johnson.

EXANNULATE
Ex*an"nu*late, a. Etym: [Pref. ex- + annulate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the sporangium destitute of a ring; -- said of certain
genera of ferns.

EXANTHEM
Ex*an"them, n.

Defn: Same as Exanthema.

EXANTHEMA
Ex`an*the"ma, n.; pl. Exanthemata. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.exanthème.]
(Med.)

Defn: An efflorescence or discoloration of the skin; an eruption or
breaking out, as in measles, smallpox, scarlatina, and the like
diseases; -- sometimes limited to eruptions attended with fever.
Dunglison.

EXANTHEMATIC; EXANTHEMATOUS
Ex*an`the*mat"ic, Ex`an*them"a*tous, a.

Defn: Of, relating to, or characterized by, exanthema; efflorescent;
as, an exanthematous eruption.

EXANTHESIS
Ex`an*the"sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. Exanthema. ] (Med.)

Defn: An eruption of the skin; cutaneous efflorescence.

EXANTLATE
Ex*ant"late, v. t. Etym: [L. exantlatus, p. p. of exantlare,
exanclare, to endure.]

Defn: To exhaust or wear out. [Obs.] "Seeds . . . wearied or
exantlated." Boyle.

EXANTLATION
Ex`ant*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. exantlation.]

Defn: Act of drawing out ; exhaustion. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EXARATE
Ex"a*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. exaratus, p. p. of exarare to plow up, to
write; ex out + arare to plow.]

Defn: To plow up; also, to engrave; to write. [Obs.] Blount.

EXARATION
Ex`a*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. exaratio.]

Defn: Act of plowing; also, act of writing. [Obs.] Bailey.

EXARCH
Ex"arch, n. Etym: [L. exarchus, Gr. exarque.]

Defn: A viceroy; in Ravenna, the title of the viceroys of the
Byzantine emperors; in the Eastern Church, the superior over several
monasteries; in the modern Greek Church, a deputy of the patriarch ,
who visits the clergy, investigates ecclesiastical cases, etc.

EXARCHATE
Ex*ar"chate, n. Etym: [LL. exarchatus, fr. L. exarchus: cf. F.
exarchat.]

Defn: The office or the province of an exarch. Jer. Taylor.

EXARILLATE
Ex*ar"il*late, a. Etym: [Pref. ex- + arillate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having no aril; -- said of certain seeds, or of the plants
producing them.

EXARTICULATE
Ex`ar*tic"u*late, a. Etym: [Pref. ex- + articulate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having but one joint; -- said of certain insects.

EXARTICULATION
Ex`ar*tic`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. ex- + articulation.]

Defn: Luxation; the dislocation of a joint. Bailey.

EXASPERATE
Ex*as"per*ate, a. Etym: [L. exasperatus, p. p. of exsasperare to
roughen, exasperate; ex out (intens.) + asperare to make rough, asper
rough. See Asperity.]

Defn: Exasperated; imbittered. [Obs.] Shak.
Like swallows which the exasperate dying year Sets spinning. Mrs.
Browning.

EXASPERATE
Ex*as"per*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exsasperated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Exasperating.]

1. To irritate in a high degree; to provoke; to enrage; to exscite or
to inflame the anger of; as, to exasperate a person or his feelings.
To exsasperate them against the king of France. Addison.

2. To make grievous, or more grievous or malignant; to aggravate; to
imbitter; as, to exasperate enmity.
To exasperate the ways of death. Sir T. Browne.

Syn.
 -- To irritate; provoke. See Irritate.

EXASPERATER
Ex*as"per*a`ter, n.

Defn: One who exasperates or inflames anger, enmity, or violence.

EXASPERATION
Ex*as`per*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. exasperatio: cf. F. exaspération.]

1. The act of exasperating or the state of being exasperated;
irritation; keen or bitter anger.
Extorted from him by the exasperation of his spirits. South.

2. Increase of violence or malignity; aggravation; exacerbation.
"Exasperation of the fits." Sir H. Wotton.

EXASPIDEAN
Ex`as*pid"e*an, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the anterior scute

EXAUCTORATE
Ex*auc"tor*ate, v. t.

Defn: See Exauthorate. [Obs.]

EXAUCTORATION
Ex*auc`tor*a"tion, n.

Defn: See Exauthoration.

EXAUGURATE
Ex*au"gu*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. exauguratus, p. p. of exaugurare to
profane; ex out + augurari to act as an augur, fr. augur. ]

Defn: To annul the consecration of; to secularize; to unhellow.
[Obs.] Holland.

EXAUGURATION
Ex*au`gu*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. exauguratio desecration.]

Defn: The act of exaugurating; desecration. [Obs.]

EXAUTHORATE
Ex*au"thor*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. exauctoratus, p. p. of exauctorare to
dismiss; ex out + auctorare to bind to something, to hire, fr.
auctor. See Author.]

Defn: To deprive of authority or office; to depose; to discharge.
[Obs.]
Exauthorated for their unworthiness. Jer. Taylor.

EXAUTHORATION
Ex*au`thor*a"tion, n.

Defn: Deprivation of authority or dignity; degration. [Obs.] Jer.
Taylor.

EXAUTHORIZE
Ex*au"thor*ize, v. t. Etym: [Pref. ex- + authorize.]

Defn: To deprive of uthority. [Obs.] Selden.

EXAUTHORIZE
Ex*au"thor*ize, v. t. Etym: [Pref. ex.]

Defn: To deprive of authority. [Obs.] Selden.

EXCALCEATE
Ex*cal"ce*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. excalceatus, p. p. of excalceare to
unshoe. See Calceated.]

Defn: To deprive of shoes. [Obs.] Chambers.

EXCALCEATION
Ex*cal`ce*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of depriving or divesting of shoes. [Obs.] Chambers.

EXCALFACTION
Ex`cal*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. excalfactio.]

Defn: A heating or warming; calefaction. [Obs.] Blount.

EXCALFACTIVE
Ex`cal*fac"tive, a. Etym: [L. excalfacere to warm; ex out (intens.) +
calfacere to warm.]

Defn: Serving to heat; warming. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

EXCALFACTORY
Ex`cal*fac"to*ry, a. Etym: [L. excalfactorius.]

Defn: Heating; warming. [Obs.] Holland.

EXCALIBUR
Ex*cal"i*bur, n.

Defn: The name of King Arthur's mythical sword. [Written also
Excalibar, Excalibor, Escalibar, and Caliburn.] Tennyson.

EXCAMB; EXCAMBIE
Ex*camb", Ex*cam"bie, v. t. Etym: [LL. excambiare, excambire; L. ex
out + cambire. See Change, and cf. Exchange.] (Scots Law)

Defn: To exchange; -- used with reference to transfers of land.

EXCAMBION; EXCAMBIUM
Ex*cam"bi*on, Ex*cam"bi*um, n. Etym: [LL. excambium. See Excamb.]
(Scots Law)

Defn: Exchange; barter; -- used commonly of lands.

EXCANDESCENCE
Ex`can*des"cence, n. Etym: [L. excandescentia.]

1. A growing hot; a white or glowing heat; incandescence. [R.]

2. Violent anger; a growing angry. [Obs.] Blount.

EXCANDESCENT
Ex`can*des"cent, a. Etym: [L. excandescens, p. pr. of excandescere to
take fire, glow; ex out (intens.) + candescere to begin to glisten or
glow, fr. candere. See Candid.]

Defn: White or glowing with heat. [R.] Ure.

EXCANTATION
Ex`can*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. excantare to charm out. See Ex, and
Chant.]

Defn: Disenchantment by a countercharm. [Obs.] Gayton.

EXCARNATE
Ex*car"nate, v. t. Etym: [LL. excarnatus, p. p. of excarnare; L. ex
out + caro, carnis, flesh.]

Defn: To deprive or clear of flesh. Grew.

EXCARNATION
Ex`car*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act of depriving or divesting of flesh; excarnification; --
opposed to incarnation.

EXCARNIFICATE
Ex*car"ni*fi*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. ex out + LL. carnificatus, p. p.
carnificare to carnify; cf. L. excarnificare to tear to pieces,
torment. See Carnify.]

Defn: To clear of flesh; to excarnate. Dr. H. More.

EXCARNIFICATION
Ex*car`ni*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of excarnificating or of depriving of flesh;
excarnation. Johnson.

EXCAVATE
Ex"ca*vate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excavated(); p. pr. & vb. n.
Excavating().] Etym: [L. excavatus, p. p. of excavare to excavate; ex
out + cavare to make hollow, cavus hollow. See Cave.]

1. To hollow out; to form cavity or hole in; to make hollow by
cutting, scooping, or digging; as, to excavate a ball; to excavate
the earth.

2. To form by hollowing; to shape, as a cavity, or anything that is
hollow; as, to excavate a canoe, a cellar, a channel.

3. (Engin.)

Defn: To dig out and remove, as earth.
The material excavated was usually sand. E. L. Corthell.
Excavating pump, a kind of dredging apparatus for excavating under
water, in which silt and loose material mixed with water are drawn up
by a pump. Knight.

EXCAVATION
Ex`ca*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. excavatio: cf. F. excavation.]

1. The act of excavating, or of making hollow, by cutting, scooping,
or digging out a part of a solid mass.

2. A cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping. "A winding
excavation." Glover.

3. (Engin.)
(a) An uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered
cutting or tunnel.
(b) The material dug out in making a channel or cavity.
The delivery of the excavations at a distance of 250 feet. E. L.
Corthell.

EXCAVATOR
Ex"ca*va`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, excavates or hollows out; a machine, as
a dredging machine, or a tool, for excavating.

EXCAVE
Ex*cave", v. t. Etym: [L. excavare.]

Defn: To excavate. [Obs.] Cockeram.

EXCECATE
Ex*ce"cate, v. t. Etym: [L. excaecatus, p. p. of excaecare to blind;
ex (intens.) + caecare to blind, caecus blind.]

Defn: To blind. [Obs.] Cockeram.

EXCECATION
Ex`ce*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of making blind. [Obs.] Bp. Richardson.

EXCEDENT
Ex*ced"ent, n. Etym: [L. excedens, -entis, p. pr. of excedere. See
Exceed, v. t.]

Defn: Excess. [R.]

EXCEED
Ex*ceed", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exceeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Exceeding.]
Etym: [L. excedere, excessum, to go away or beyond; ex out + cedere
to go, to pass: cf. F. excéder. See Cede.]

Defn: To go beyond; to proceed beyond the given or supposed limit or
measure of; to outgo; to surpass; -- used both in a good and a bad
sense; as, one man exceeds another in bulk, stature, weight, power,
skill, etc. ; one offender exceeds another in villainy; his rank
exceeds yours.
Name the time, but let it not Exceed three days. Shak.
Observes how much a chintz exceeds mohair. Pope.

Syn.
 -- To outdo; surpass; excel; transcend; outstrip; outvie; overtop.

EXCEED
Ex*ceed", v. i.

1. To go too far; to pass the proper bounds or measure. "In our
reverence to whom, we can not possibly exceed." Jer. Taylor.
Forty stripes he may give him, and not exceed. Deut. xxv. 3.

2. To be more or greater; to be paramount. Shak.

EXCEEDABLE
Ex*ceed"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of exceeding or surpassing. [Obs.] Sherwood.

EXCEEDER
Ex*ceed"er, n.

Defn: One who exceeds. Bp. Montagu.

EXCEEDING
Ex*ceed"ing, a.

Defn: More than usual; extraordinary; more than sufficient;
measureless. "The exceeding riches of his grace." Eph. ii. 7.
 -- Ex*ceed"ing*ness, n. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

EXCEEDING
Ex*ceed"ing, adv.

Defn: In a very great degree; extremely; exceedingly. [Archaic. It is
not joined to verbs.] "The voice exceeding loud." Keble.
His raiment became shining, exceeding white as snow. Mark ix. 3.
The Genoese were exceeding powerful by sea. Sir W. Raleigh.

EXCEEDINGLY
Ex*ceed"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: To a very great degree; beyond what is usual; surpassingly. It
signifies more than very.

EXCEL
Ex*cel", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excelled(); p. pr. & vb. n. Excelling.]
Etym: [L. excellere, excelsum; ex out + a root found in culmen
height, top; cf. F. exceller. See Culminate, Column.]

1. To go beyond or surpass in good qualities or laudable deeds; to
outdo or outgo, in a good sense.
Excelling others, these were great; Thou, greater still, must these
excel. Prior.
I saw that wisdom excelleth folly, as far as light excelleth
darkness. Eccl. ii. 13.

2. To exceed or go beyond; to surpass.
She opened; but to shut Excelled her power; the gates wide open
stood. Milton.

EXCEL
Ex*cel", v. i.

Defn: To surpass others in good qualities, laudable actions, or
acquirements; to be distinguished by superiority; as, to excel in
mathematics, or classics.
Unstable as water, thou shalt not excel. Gen. xlix. 4.
Then peers grew proud in horsemanship t' excel. Pope.

EXCELLENCE
Ex"cel*lence, n. Etym: [F. excellence, L. excellentia.]

1. The quality of being excellent; state of possessing good qualities
in an eminent degree; exalted merit; superiority in virtue.
Consider first that great Or bright infers not excellence. Milton.

2. An excellent or valuable quality; that by which any one excels or
is eminent; a virtue.
With every excellence refined. Beattie.

3. A title of honor or respect; -- more common in the form
excellency.
I do greet your excellence With letters of commission from the king.
Shak.

Syn.
 -- Superiority; preëminence; perfection; worth; goodness; purity;
greatness.

EXCELLENCY
Ex"cel*len*cy, n.; pl. Excellencies (.

1. Excellence; virtue; dignity; worth; superiority.
His excellency is over Israel. Ps. lxviii. 34.
Extinguish in men the sense of their own excellency. Hooker.

2. A title of honor given to certain high dignitaries, esp. to
viceroys, ministers, and ambassadors, to English colonial governors,
etc. It was formerly sometimes given to kings and princes.

EXCELLENT
Ex"cel*lent, a. Etym: [F. excellent, L. excellens, -entis, p. pr. of
excellere. See Excel.]

1. Excelling; surpassing others in some good quality or the sum of
qualities; of great worth; eminent, in a good sense; superior; as, an
excellent man, artist, citizen, husband, discourse, book, song, etc.;
excellent breeding, principles, aims, action.
To love . . . What I see excellent in good or fair. Milton.

2. Superior in kind or degree, irrespective of moral quality; -- used
with words of a bad significance. [Obs. or Ironical] "An excellent
hypocrite." Hume.
Their sorrows are most excellent. Beau. & Fl.

Syn.
 -- Worthy; choice; prime; valuable; select; exquisite; transcendent;
admirable; worthy.

EXCELLENT
Ex"cel*lent, adv.

Defn: Excellently; eminently; exceedingly. [Obs.] "This comes off
well and excellent." Shak.

EXCELLENTLY
Ex"cel*lent*ly, adv.

1. In an excellent manner; well in a high degree.

2. In a high or superior degree; -- in this literal use, not implying
worthiness. [Obs.]
When the whole heart is excellently sorry. J. Fletcher.

EXCELSIOR
Ex*cel"si*or, a. Etym: [L., compar. of excelsus elevated, lofty, p.
p. of excellere. See Excel, v. t.]

Defn: More lofty; still higher; ever upward.

EXCELSIOR
Ex*cel"si*or, n.

Defn: A kind of stuffing for upholstered furniture, mattresses, etc.,
in which curled shreds of wood are substituted for curled hair.

EXCENTRAL
Ex*cen"tral, a. Etym: [Pref. ex.] (Bot.)

Defn: Out of the center.

EXCENTRIC; EXCENTRICAL
Ex*cen"tric, Ex*cen"tric*al, a.

1. Same as Eccentric, Eccentrical.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: One-sided; having the normally central portion not in the true
center. Gray.

EXCENTRICITY
Ex`cen*tric"i*ty

Defn: . (Math.) Same as Eccentricity.

EXCEPT
Ex*cept", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excepted; p. pr. & vb. n. Excepting.]
Etym: [L. exceptus, p. p. of excipere to take or draw out, to except;
ex out + capere to take: cf. F. excepter. See Capable.]

1. To take or leave out (anything) from a number or a whole as not
belonging to it; to exclude; to omit.
Who never touched The excepted tree. Milton.
Wherein (if we only except the unfitness of the judge) all other
things concurred. Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. To object to; to protest against. [Obs.] Shak.

EXCEPT
Ex*cept", v. i.

Defn: To take exception; to object; -- usually followed by to,
sometimes by against; as, to except to a witness or his testimony.
Except thou wilt except against my love. Shak.

EXCEPT
Ex*cept", prep. Etym: [Originally past participle, or verb in the
imperative mode.]

Defn: With exclusion of; leaving or left out; excepting.
God and his Son except, Created thing naught valued he nor . . .
shunned. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Except, Excepting, But, Save, Besides. Excepting, except, but,
and save are exclusive. Except marks exclusion more pointedly. "I
have finished all the letters except one," is more marked than "I
have finished all the letters but one." Excepting is the same as
except, but less used. Save is chiefly found in poetry. Besides
(lit., by the side of) is in the nature of addition. "There is no one
here except or but him," means, take him away and there is nobody
present. "There is nobody here besides him," means, hi is present and
by the side of, or in addition to, him is nobody. "Few ladies, except
her Majesty, could have made themselves heard." In this example,
besides should be used, not except.

EXCEPT
Ex*cept", conj.

Defn: Unless; if it be not so that.
And he said, I will not let thee go, except thou bless me. Gen.
xxxii. 26.
But yesterday you never opened lip, Except, indeed, to drink.
Tennyson.

Note: As a conjunction unless has mostly taken the place of except.

EXCEPTANT
Ex*cept"ant, a.

Defn: Making exception.

EXCEPTING
Ex*cept"ing, prep. & conj.

Defn: , but properly a participle. With rejection or exception of;
excluding; except. "Excepting your worship's presence." Shak.
No one was ever yet made utterly miserable, excepting by himself.
Lubbock.

EXCEPTION
Ex*cep"tion, n. Etym: [L. exceptio: cf. F. exception.]

1. The act of excepting or excluding; exclusion; restriction by
taking out something which would otherwise be included, as in a
class, statement, rule.

2. That which is excepted or taken out from others; a person, thing,
or case, specified as distinct, or not included; as, almost every
general rule has its exceptions.
Such rare exceptions, shining in the dark, Prove, rather than
impeach, the just remark. Cowper.

Note: Often with to.
That proud exception to all nature's laws. Pope.

3. (Law)

Defn: An objection, oral or written, taken, in the course of an
action, as to bail or security; or as to the decision of a judge, in
the course of a trail, or in his charge to a jury; or as to lapse of
time, or scandal, impertinence, or insufficiency in a pleading; also,
as in conveyancing, a clause by which the grantor excepts something
before granted. Burrill.

4. An objection; cavil; dissent; disapprobation; offense; cause of
offense; -- usually followed by to or against.
I will never answer what exceptions they can have against our account
[relation]. Bentley.
He . . . took exception to the place of their burial. Bacon.
She takes exceptions at your person. Shak.
Bill of exceptions (Law), a statement of exceptions to the decision,
or instructions of a judge in the trial of a cause, made for the
purpose of putting the points decided on record so as to bring them
before a superior court or the full bench for review.

EXCEPTIONABLE
Ex*cep"tion*a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to exception or objection; objectionable.
 -- Ex*cep"tion*a*ble*ness, n.
This passage I look upon to be the most exceptionable in the whole
poem. Addison.

EXCEPTIONAL
Ex*cep"tion*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. exceptionnel.]

Defn: Forming an exception; not ordinary; uncommon; rare; hence,
better than the average; superior. Lyell.
This particular spot had exceptional advantages. Jowett (Th. )
-- Ex*cep"tion*al*ly(#), adv.

EXCEPTIONER
Ex*cep"tion*er, n.

Defn: One who takes exceptions or makes objections. [Obs.] Milton.

EXCEPTIONLESS
Ex*cep"tion*less, a.

Defn: Without exception.
A universal, . . . exceptionless disqualification. Bancroft.

EXCEPTIOUS
Ex*cep"tious, a.

Defn: Disposed or apt to take exceptions, or to object; captious.
[Obs.]
At least effectually silence the doubtful and exceptious. South.
-- Ex*cep"tious*ness, n. [Obs.] Barrow.

EXCEPTIVE
Ex*cept"ive, a.

Defn: That excepts; including an exception; as, an exceptive
proposition. I. Watts.
A particular and exceptive law. Milton.

EXCEPTLESS
Ex*cept"less, a.

Defn: Not exceptional; usual. [Obs.]
My general and exceptless rashness. Shak.

EXCEPTOR
Ex*cept"or, n. Etym: [L., a scribe.]

Defn: One who takes exceptions. T. Burnet.

EXCEREBRATION
Ex*cer`e*bra"tion, n. Etym: [L. excerebratus deprived of brains; ex
out + cerebrum brain.]

Defn: The act of removing or beating out the brains.

EXCEREBROSE
Ex*cer"e*brose`, a. Etym: [See Excerebration.]

Defn: Brainless. [R.]

EXCERN
Ex*cern", v. t. Etym: [L. excernere. See Excrete.]

Defn: To excrete; to throw off through the pores; as, fluids are
excerned in perspiration. [R.] Bacon.

EXCERNENT
Ex*cern"ent, a. Etym: [See Excern.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Connected with, or pertaining to, excretion.

EXCERP
Ex*cerp", v. t. Etym: [L. excerpere, excerptum; ex out + carpere to
pick, gather. See Harvest, and cf. Scarce, a.]

Defn: To pick out. [Obs.] Hales.

EXCERPT
Ex*cerpt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excerpted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Excerpting.] Etym: [From L. excerptus, p. p. See Excerp.]

Defn: To select; to extract; to cite; to quote.
Out of which we have excerpted the following particulars. Fuller.

EXCERPT
Ex*cerp"t (277), n.

Defn: An extract; a passage selected or copied from a book or record.

EXCERPTION
Ex*cerp"tion, n. Etym: [L. excerptio.]

1. The act of excerpting or selecting. [R.]

2. That which is selected or gleaned; an extract. [R.]
His excerptions out of the Fathers. Fuller.

EXCERPTIVE
Ex*cerp"tive, a.

Defn: That excerpts, selects, or chooses. D. L. Mackenzie.

EXCERPTOR
Ex*cerp"tor, n.

Defn: One who makes excerpts; a picker; a culler.

EXCESS
Ex*cess", n. Etym: [OE. exces, excess, ecstasy, L. excessus a going
out, loss of self-possession, fr. excedere, excessum, to go out, go
beyond: cf. F. excès. See Exceed.]

1. The state of surpassing or going beyond limits; the being of a
measure beyond sufficiency, necessity, or duty; that which exceeds
what is usual or prover; immoderateness; superfluity; superabundance;
extravagance; as, an excess of provisions or of light.
To gild refined gold, to paint the lily, To throw a perfume on the
violet, . . . Is wasteful and ridiculous excess. Shak.
That kills me with excess of grief, this with excess of joy. Walsh.

2. An undue indulgence of the appetite; transgression of proper
moderation in natural gratifications; intemperance; dissipation.
Be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess. Eph. v. 18.
Thy desire . . . leads to no excess That reaches blame. Milton.

3. The degree or amount by which one thing or number exceeds another;
remainder; as, the difference between two numbers is the excess of
one over the other. Spherical excess (Geom.), the amount by which the
sum of the three angles of a spherical triangle exceeds two right
angles. The spherical excess is proportional to the area of the
triangle.

EXCESSIVE
Ex*cess"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. excessif.]

Defn: Characterized by, or exhibiting, excess; overmuch.
Excessive grief [is] the enemy to the living. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Undue; exorbitant; extreme; overmuch; enormous; immoderate;
monstrous; intemperate; unreasonable. See Enormous --Ex*cess*ive*ly,
adv. -Ex*cess"ive*ness, n.

EXCHANGE
Ex*change", n. Etym: [OE. eschange, eschaunge, OF. eschange, fr.
eschangier, F. échanger, to exchange; pref. ex- out + F. changer. See
Change, and cf. Excamb.]

1. The act of giving or taking one thing in return for another which
is regarded as an equivalent; as, an exchange of cattle for grain.

2. The act of substituting one thing in the place of another; as, an
exchange of grief for joy, or of a scepter for a sword, and the like;
also, the act of giving and receiving reciprocally; as, an exchange
of civilities or views.

3. The thing given or received in return; esp., a publication
exchanged for another. Shak.

4. (Com.)

Defn: The process of setting accounts or debts between parties
residing at a distance from each other, without the intervention of
money, by exchanging orders or drafts, called bills of exchange.
These may be drawn in one country and payable in another, in which
case they are called foreign bills; or they may be drawn and made
payable in the same country, in which case they are called inland
bills. The term bill of exchange is often abbreviated into exchange;
as, to buy or sell exchange.

Note: A in London is creditor to B in New York, and C in London owes
D in New York a like sum. A in London draws a bill of exchange on B
in New York; C in London purchases the bill, by which A receives his
debt due from B in New York. C transmits the bill to D in New York,
who receives the amount from B.

5. (Law)

Defn: A mutual grant of equal interests, the one in consideration of
the other. Estates exchanged must be equal in quantity, as fee simple
for fee simple. Blackstone.

6. The place where the merchants, brokers, and bankers of a city meet
at certain hours, to transact business. In this sense often
contracted to 'Change. Arbitration of exchange. See under
Arbitration.
 -- Bill of exchange. See under Bill.
 -- Exchange broker. See under Broker.
 -- Par of exchange, the established value of the coin or standard of
value of one country when expressed in the coin or standard of
another, as the value of the pound sterling in the currency of France
or the United States. The par of exchange rarely varies, and serves
as a measure for the rise and fall of exchange that is affected by
the demand and supply. Exchange is at par when, for example, a bill
in New York, for the payment of one hundred pounds sterling in
London, can be purchased for the sum. Exchange is in favor of a place
when it can be purchased there at or above par.
 -- Telephone exchange, a central office in which the wires of any
two telephones or telephone stations may be connected to permit
conversation.

Syn.
 -- Barter; dealing; trade; traffic; interchange.

EXCHANGE
Ex*change", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exchanged;p. pr. & vb. n.
Exchanging.] Etym: [Cf.OF. eschangier, F. échanger. See Exchange, n.]

1. To part with give, or transfer to another in consideration of
something received as an equivalent; -- usually followed by for
before the thing received.
Exchange his sheep for shells, or wool for a sparking pebble or a
diamond. Locke.

2. To part with for a substitute; to lay aside, quit, or resign
(something being received in place of the thing as, to exchange a
palace for cell.
And death for life exchanged foolishly. Spenser.
To shift his being Is to exchange one misery with another. Shak.

3. To give and receive reciprocally, as things of the same kind; to
barter; to swap; as, to exchange horses with a neighbor; to exchange
houses or hats.
Exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To barter; change; commute; interchange; bargain; truck; swap;
traffic.

EXCHANGE
Ex*change", v. i.

Defn: To be changed or received in exchange for; to pass in exchange;
as, dollar exchanges for ten dimes.

EXCHANGEABILITY
Ex*change`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being exchangeable.
The law ought not be contravened by an express article admitting the
exchangeability of such persons. Washington.

EXCHANGEABLE
Ex*change"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf.F. échangeable.]

1. Capable of being exchanged; fit or proper to be exchanged.
The officers captured with Burgoyne were exchangeable within the
powers of General Howe. Marshall.

2. Available for making exchanges; ratable. "An exchangeable value."
J. S. Mill.

EXCHANGEABLY
Ex*change"a*bly, adv.

Defn: By way of exchange.

EXCHANGE EDITOR
Ex*change" ed"i*tor.

Defn: An editor who inspects, and culls from, periodicals, or
exchanges, for his own publication.

EXCHANGER
Ex*chan"ger, n.

Defn: One who exchanges; one who practices exchange. Matt.

EXCHEAT
Ex*cheat", n.

Defn: See Escheat. [Obs.] Spenser.

EXCHEATOR
Ex*cheat"or, n.

Defn: See Escheator. [Obs.]

EXCHEQUER
Ex*cheq"uer, n. Etym: [OE. escheker, OF. eichekier, fr. LL.
scaccarium. See Checker, Chess, Check.]

1. One of the superior courts of law; -- so called from a checkered
cloth, which covers, or formerly covered, the table. [Eng.]

Note: The exchequer was a court of law and equity. In the revenue
department, it had jurisdiction over the proprietary rights of the
crown against subjects; in the common law department, it administered
justice in personal actions between subject and subject. A person
proceeding against another in the revenue department was said to
exchequer him. The judges of this court were one chief and four
puisne barons, so styled. The Court of Exchequer Chamber sat as court
of error in which the judgments of each of the superior courts of
common law, in England, were subject to revision by the judges of the
other two sitting collectively. Causes involving difficult questions
of law were sometimes after argument, adjourned into this court from
the other courts, for debate before judgment in the court below.
Recent legislation in England (1880) has abolished the Court of
Exchequer and the Court of Exchequer Chamber, as distinct tribunals,
a single board of judiciary, the High Court of Justice, being
established for the trial of all classes of civil cases. Wharton.

2. The department of state having charge of the collection and
management of the royal revenue. [Eng.] Hence, the treasury; and,
colloquially, pecuniary possessions in general; as, the company's
exchequer is low. Barons of the exchequer. See under Baron.
 -- Chancellor of the exchequer. See under Chancellor.
 -- Exchequer bills or bonds (Eng.), bills of money, or promissory
bills, issued from the exchequer by authority of Parliament; a
species of paper currency emitted under the authority of the
government, and bearing interest.

EXCHEQUER
Ex*cheq"uer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exchequered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Exchequering.]

Defn: To institute a process against (any one) in the Court of
Exchequer.

EXCIDE
Ex*cide", v. t. Etym: [L. excidere, excisum; ex out + caedere to cut.
See Concise, and cf. Excise to cut off.]

Defn: To cut off. [R.]

EXCIPIENT
Ex*cip"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. excipients, -entis, p. pr. of exipere. See
Except, v. t.]

Defn: Taking an exception.

EXCIPIENT
Ex*cip"i*ent, n.

1. An exceptor. [R.]

2. (Med.)

Defn: An inert or slightly active substance used in preparing
remedies as a vehicle or medium of administration for the medicinal
agents. Chambers.

EXCIPLE; EXCIPULUM
Ex"ci*ple, Ex*cip"u*lum, n. Etym: [NL. excipulum, fr. L. excipere.
See Except.] (Bot.)

Defn: The outer part of the fructification of most lichens.

EXCISABLE
Ex*cis"a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable or subject to excise; as, tobacco in an excisable
commodity.

EXCISE
Ex*cise", n. Etym: [Apparently fr. L. excisum cut off, fr. excidere
to cut out or off; ex out, off + caedere to cut; or, as the word was
formerly written accise, fr. F. accise, LL. accisia, as if fr. L.
accidere, accisum, to cut into; ad + caedere to cut; but prob.
transformed fr. OF. assise, LL. assisa, assisia, assize. See Assize,
Concise.]

1. In inland duty or impost operating as an indirect tax on the
consumer, levied upon certain specified articles, as, tobacco, ale,
spirits, etc., grown or manufactured in the country. It is also
levied to pursue certain trades and deal in certain commodities.
Certain direct taxes (as, in England, those on carriages, servants,
plate, armorial bearings, etc.), are included in the excise. Often
used adjectively; as, excise duties; excise law; excise system.
The English excise system corresponds to the internal revenue system
in the United States. Abbot.
An excise . . . is a fixed, absolute, and direct charge laid on
merchandise, products, or commodities. 11 Allen's (Mass. ) Rpts.

2. That department or bureau of the public service charged with the
collection of the excise taxes. [Eng.]

EXCISE
Ex*cise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excised; p. pr. & vb. n. Excising.]

1. To lay or impose an excise upon.

2. To impose upon; to overcharge. [Prov. Eng.]

EXCISE
Ex*cise", v. t. Etym: [See Excide.]

Defn: To cut out or off; to separate and remove; as, to excise a
tumor.

EXCISEMAN
Ex*cise"man, n.; pl. Excisemen (.

Defn: An officer who inspects and rates articles liable to excise
duty. Macaulay.

EXCISION
Ex*ci"sion, n. Etym: [L. excisio: cf. F. excision. See Excide.]

1. The act of excising or cutting out or off; extirpation;
destruction.
Such conquerors are the instruments of vengeance on those nations
that have . . . grown ripe for excision. Atterbury.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: The act of cutting off from the church; excommunication.

3. (Surg.)

Defn: The removal, especially of small parts, with a cutting
instrument. Dunglison.

EXCITABILITY
Ex*cit"a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. excitabilité.]

1. The quality of being readily excited; proneness to be affected by
exciting causes.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The property manifested by living organisms, and the elements
and tissues of which they are constituted, of responding to the
action of stimulants; irritability; as, nervous excitability.

EXCITABLE
Ex*cit"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. excitabilis inciting: cf. F. excitable.]

Defn: Capable of being excited, or roused into action; susceptible of
excitement; easily stirred up, or stimulated.

EXCITANT
Ex*cit"ant, a. Etym: [L. excitans, -antis, p. pr. of excitare: cf. F.
excitant.]

Defn: Tending to excite; exciting.

EXCITANT
Ex*cit"ant, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: An agent or influence which arouses vital activity, or produces
increased action, in a living organism or in any of its tissues or
parts; a stimulant.

EXCITATE
Ex*cit"ate, v. t. Etym: [L. excitatus, p.p. of excitare. See Excite.]

Defn: To excite. [Obs.] Bacon.

EXCITATION
Ex`ci*ta"tion n. Etym: [L. excitatio: cf. F. excitation.]

1. The act of exciting or putting in motion; the act of rousing up or
awakening. Bacon.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act of producing excitement (stimulation); also, the
excitement produced.

EXCITATIVE
Ex*cit"a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. excitatif.]

Defn: Having power to excite; tending or serving to excite;
excitatory. Barrow.

EXCITATOR
Ex"ci*ta`tor, n. Etym: [L., one who rouses.] (Elec.)

Defn: A kind of discarder.

EXCITATORY
Ex*cit"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. excitatoire.]

Defn: Tending to excite; containing excitement; excitative.

EXCITE
Ex*cite", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excited; p. pr. & vb. n. exciting.]
Etym: [L. excitare; ex out + citare to move rapidly, to rouse: cf.
OF. esciter, exciter, F. exciter. See Cite.]

1. To call to activity in any way; to rouse to feeling; to kindle to
passionate emotion; to stir up to combined or general activity; as,
to excite a person, the spirits, the passions; to excite a mutiny or
insurrection; to excite heat by friction.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: To call forth or increase the vital activity of an organism, or
any of its parts.

Syn.
 -- To incite; awaken; animate; rouse or arouse; stimulate; inflame;
irritate; provoke.
 -- To Excite, Incite. When we excite we rouse into action feelings
which were less strong; when we incite we spur on or urge forward to
a specific act or end. Demosthenes excited the passions of the
Athenians against Philip, and thus incited the whole nation to unite
in the war against him. Antony, by his speech over the body of Cæsar,
so excited the feelings of the populace, that Brutus and his
companions were compelled to flee from Rome; many however, were
incited to join their standard, not only by love of liberty, but
hopes of plunder.

EXCITEFUL
Ex*cite"ful, n.

Defn: Full of exciting qualities; as, an exciteful story; exciteful
players. Chapman.

EXCITEMENT
Ex*cite"ment n. Etym: [Cf. OF. excitement, escitement.]

1. The act of exciting, or the state of being roused into action, or
of having increased action; impulsion; agitation; as, an excitement
of the people.

2. That which excites or rouses; that which moves, stirs, or induces
action; a motive.
The cares and excitements of a season of transition and struggle.
Talfowrd.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: A state of aroused or increased vital activity in an organism,
or any of its organs or tissues.

EXCITER
Ex*cit"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, excites.
Hope is the grand exciter of industry. Dr. H. More.

EXCITING
Ex*cit"ing, a.

Defn: Calling or rousing into action; producing excitement; as,
exciting events; an exciting story.
 -- Ex*cit"ing*ly, adv. Exciting causes (Med.), those which
immediately produce disease, or those which excite the action of
predisposing causes.

EXCITIVE
Ex*cit"ive, a.

Defn: Serving or tending to excite; excitative. [R.] Bamfield.

EXCITIVE
Ex*cit"ive, n.

Defn: That which excites; an excitant. [R.]

EXCITO-MOTION
Ex*ci`to-mo"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: Motion excited by reflex nerves. See Excito-motory.

EXCITO-MOTOR
Ex*ci`to-mo"tor, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Excitomotory; as, excito-motor power or causes.

EXCITO-MOTORY
Ex*ci`to-mo"to*ry, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Exciting motion; -- said of that portion of the nervous system
concerned in reflex action, by which impressions are transmitted to a
nerve center and then reflected back so as to produce muscular
contraction without sensation or volition.

EXCITO-NUTRIENT
Ex*ci`to-nu"tri*ent, a (Physiol.)

Defn: Exciting nutrition; said of the reflex influence by which the
nutritional processes are either excited or modified.

EXCITO-SECRETORY
Ex*ci`to-se*cre"to*ry, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Exciting secretion; -- said of the influence exerted by reflex
action on the function of secretion, by which the various glands are
excited to action.

EXCLAIM
Ex*claim", v. t.& i. [imp. & p. p. Exclaimed;p. pr. & vb. n.
Exclaiming.] Etym: [L. exclamare, exclamatum; ex + clamare to cry
out; cf. OF. exclamer. See Clam.]

Defn: To cry out from earnestness or passion; to utter with
vehemence; to call out or declare loudly; to protest vehemently; to
vociferate; to shout; as, to exclaim against oppression with wonder
or astonishment; "The field is won!" he exclaimed.

EXCLAIM
Ex*claim", n.

Defn: Outcry; clamor. [Archaic]
Cursing cries and deep exclaims. Shak.

EXCLAIMER
Ex*claim"er, n.

Defn: One who exclaims.

EXCLAMATION
Ex`cla*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. exclamatio: cf. F. exclamation.]

1. A loud calling or crying out; outcry; loud or emphatic utterance;
vehement vociferation; clamor; that which is cried out, as an
expression of feeling; sudden expression of sound or words indicative
of emotion, as in surprise, pain, grief, joy, anger, etc.
Exclamations against abuses in the church. Hooker.
Thus will I drown your exclamations. Shak.
A festive exclamation not unsuited to the occasion. Trench.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: A word expressing outcry; an interjection; a word expressing
passion, as wonder, fear, or grief.

3. (Print.)

Defn: A mark or sign by which outcry or emphatic utterance is marked;
thus [!]; -- called also exclamation point.

EXCLAMATIVE
Ex*clam"a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. exclamatif.]

Defn: Exclamatory. Earle.
 -- Ex*clam"a*tive*ly, adv.

EXCLAMATORY
Ex*clam"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Containing, expressing, or using exclamation; as, an
exclamatory phrase or speaker. South.
 -- Ex*clam"a*to*ti*ly, adv.

EXCLAVE
Ex*clave", n. Etym: [Formed fr. enclave by substitution of ex- for
en-]

Defn: A portion of a country which is separated from the main part
and surrounded by politically alien territory. [Recent.]

Note: The same territory is an enclave in respect to the surrounding
country and an exclave with respect to the country to which it is
politically attached.

EXCLUDE
Ex*clude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Excluding.]
Etym: [L. excludere, exclusum; ex out + claudere to shut. See Close.]

1. To shut out; to hinder from entrance or admission; to debar from
participation or enjoyment; to deprive of; to except; -- the opposite
to admit; as, to exclude a crowd from a room or house; to exclude the
light; to exclude one nation from the ports of another; to exclude a
taxpayer from the privilege of voting.
And none but such, from mercy I exclude. Milton.

2. To thrust out or eject; to expel; as, to exclude young animals
from the womb or from eggs. Excluded middle. (logic) The name given
to the third of the "three logical axioms," so-called, namely, to
that one which is expressed by the formula: "Everything is either A
or Not-A." no third state or condition being involved or allowed. See
Principle of contradiction, under Contradiction.

EXCLUSION
Ex*clu"sion, n. Etym: [L. exclusio: cf. F. exclusion. See Exclude.]

1. The act of excluding, or of shutting out, whether by thrusting out
or by preventing admission; a debarring; rejection; prohibition; the
state of being excluded.
His sad exclusion from the doors of bliss. Milton.
The exclusion of the duke from the crown of England and Ireland.
Hume.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act of expelling or ejecting a fetus or an egg from the
womb.

3. Thing emitted. Sir T. Browne.

EXCLUSIONARY
Ex*clu"sion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to exclude; causing exclusion; exclusive.

EXCLUSIONISM
Ex*clu"sion*ism, n.

Defn: The character, manner, or principles of an exclusionist.

EXCLUSIONIST
Ex*clu"sion*ist, n.

Defn: One who would exclude another from some right or privilege;
esp., one of the anti-popish politicians of the time of Charles

EXCLUSIVE
Ex*clu"sive a. Etym: [Cf. F. exclusif.]

1. Having the power of preventing entrance; debarring from
participation or enjoyment; possessed and enjoyed to the exclusion of
others; as, exclusive bars; exclusive privilege; exclusive circles of
society.

2. Not taking into the account; excluding from consideration; --
opposed to inclusive; as, five thousand troops, exclusive of
artillery.

EXCLUSIVE
Ex*clu"sive, n.

Defn: One of a coterie who exclude others; one who from real of
affected fastidiousness limits his acquaintance to a select few.

EXCLUSIVENESS
Ex*clu"sive*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being exclusive.

EXCLUSIVISM
Ex*clu"siv*ism, n.

Defn: The act or practice of excluding being exclusive;
exclusiveness.

EXCLUSIVIST
Ex*clu"siv*ist, n.

Defn: One who favor or practices any from of exclusiveness or
exclusivism.
The field of Greek mythology . . . the favorite sporting ground of
the exclusivists of the solar theory. Gladstone.

EXCLUSORY
Ex*clu"so*ry, a. Etym: [L. exclusorius.]

Defn: Able to exclude; excluding; serving to exclude.

EXCOCT
Ex*coct" v. t. Etym: [L. excoctus, p.p. of excoquere to excoct. See
3d Cook.]

Defn: To boil out; to produce by boiling. [Obs.] Bacon.

EXCOCTION
Ex*coc"tion. Etym: [L. excoctio.]

Defn: The act of excocting or boiling out. [Obs.] Bacon.

EXCOGITATE
Ex*cog"i*tate v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excogitated; p. pr. & vb. n..
Excogitating.] Etym: [L. excogitatus, p. p. of excogitare to
excogitate; ex out + cogitare to think. See Cogitate.]

Defn: To think out; to find out or discover by thinking; to devise;
to contrive. "Excogitate strange arts." Stirling.
This evidence . . . thus excogitated out of the general theory.
Whewell.

EXCOGITATE
Ex*cog"i*tate, v. i.

Defn: To cogitate. [R.] Bacon.

EXCOGITATION
Ex*cog`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. excogitatio: cf. F. excogitation.]

Defn: The act of excogitating; a devising in the thoughts; invention;
contrivance.

EXCOMMUNE
Ex`com*mune" v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. excommuier. See Excommunicate.]

Defn: To exclude from participation in; to excommunicate. [Obs.]
Poets . . . were excommuned Plato's common wealth Gayton.

EXCOMMUNICABLE
Ex`com*mu"ni*ca*ble, a. Etym: [See Excommunicate.]

Defn: Liable or deserving to be excommunicated; making
excommunication possible or proper. "Persons excommunicable ." Bp.
Hall.
What offenses are excommunicable Kenle.

EXCOMMUNICANT
Ex`com*mu"ni*cant, n.

Defn: One who has been excommunicated.

EXCOMMUNICATE
Ex"com*mu"ni*cate, a. Etym: [L. excommunicatus, p. p. of communicare
to excommunicate; ex out + communicare. See Communicate.]

Defn: Excommunicated; interdicted from the rites of the church.
 -- n.

Defn: One excommunicated.
Thou shalt stand cursed and excommunicate. Shak.

EXCOMMUNICATE
Ex`com*mu"ni*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excommunicated; p. pr. & vb.
n. Excommunicating.]

1. To put out of communion; especially, to cut off, or shut out, from
communion with the church, by an ecclesiastical sentence.

2. To lay under the ban of the church; to interdict.
Martin the Fifth . . . was the first that excommunicated the reading
of heretical books. Miltin.

EXCOMMUNICATION
Ex`com*mu`ni*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. excommunicatio: cf. F.
excommunication.]

Defn: The act of communicating or ejecting; esp., an ecclesiastical
censure whereby the person against whom it is pronounced is, for the
time, cast out of the communication of the church; exclusion from
fellowship in things spiritual.

Note: excommunication is of two kinds, the lesser and the greater;
the lesser excommunication is a separation or suspension from
partaking of the Eucharist; the greater is an absolute execution of
the offender from the church and all its rights and advantages, even
from social intercourse with the faithful.

EXCOMMUNICATOR
Ex`com*mu"ni*ca`tor n. Etym: [Cf. LL. excommunicator.]

Defn: One who excommunicates.

EXCOMMUNION
Ex`com*mun"ion

Defn: . A shutting out from communion; excommunication. [Obs.]
Excommunication is the utmost of ecclesiastical judicature. Milton.

EXCORIABLE
Ex*co"ri*a*ble

Defn: . Capable of being excoriated.
The scaly covering of fishes, . . . even in such as are excoriatable.
Sir T. Browne.

EXCORIATE
Ex*co"ri*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excoriated;p. pr. & vb. n.
excoriating.] Etym: [L. excoriare; ex out + corium hide. cf. Scourge;
see Cuirass.]

Defn: To strip or wear off the skin of; to abrade; to gall; to break
and remove the cuticle of, in any manner, as by rubbing, beating, or
by the action of acrid substances.

EXCORIATION
Ex*co`ri*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. excoriation.]

1. The act of excoriating or flaying, or state of being excoriated,
or stripped of the skin; abrasion.

2. Stripping of possession; spoliation. [Obs.]
A pitiful excoriation of the poorer sort. Howell.

EXCORTICATE
Ex*cor"ti*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. ex out, from + cortex, corticis,
bark.]

Defn: To strip of bark or skin; to decorticate. [Obs.] "Excorticate
the tree." Evelyn.

EXCORTICATION
Ex*cor`ti*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. excortication.]

Defn: The act of stripping off bark, or the state of being thus
stripped; decortication.

EXCREABLE
Ex"cre*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. excreabilis, exscreabilis, fr. exscreare.
See Excreate.]

Defn: Capable of being discharged by spitting. [Obs.] Swift.

EXCREATE
Ex"cre*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. excreare, exsreare; ex out + screare to
hawk.]

Defn: To spit out; to discharge from the throat by hawking and
spitting. [Obs.] Cockeram.

EXCREATION
Ex`cre*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. excreatio, exscreatio.]

Defn: Act of spitting out. [Obs.] Cockeram.

EXCREMENT
Ex"cre*ment, n. Etym: [L. excrementum, fr. excernere, excretum, to
skin out, discharge: cf. F. excrément. See Excrete.]

Defn: Matter excreted and ejected; that which is excreted or cast out
of the animal body by any of the natural emunctories; especially,
alvine, discharges; dung; ordure.

EXCREMENT
Ex"cre*ment, n. Etym: [L. excrementum, fr. excrescere, excretum, to
grow out. See Excrescence.]

Defn: An excrescence or appendage; an outgrowth. [Obs.] "Ornamental
excrements." Fuller.
Living creatures put forth (after their period of growth) nothing
that is young but hair and nails, which are excrements and no parts.
Bacon.

EXCREMENTAL
Ex`cre*men"tal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to excrement.

EXCREMENTITIAL; EXCREMENTITIOUS
Ex`cre*men*ti"tial, Ex`cre*men*ti"tious, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, excrement; of the nature of
excrement.

EXCREMENTIVE
Ex`cre*men"tive, a.

Defn: Serving to excrete; connected with excretion or excrement. [R.]
"The excrementive parts." Felthman.

EXCREMENTIZE
Ex"cre*ment*ize` v. i.

Defn: To void excrement. [R.] Life of A. Wood

EXCRESCENCE
Ex*cres"cence n. Etym: [F. excrescence, excroissanse, L. excrescentia
excrescences, neut. pl. of p. pr. of excrescere. See Excrescent.]

Defn: An excrescent appendage, as, a wart or tumor; anything growing
out unnaturally from anything else; a preternatural or morbid
development; hence, a troublesome superfluity; an incumbrance; as, an
excrescence on the body, or on a plant. "Excrescences of joy." Jer.
Taylor.
The excrescences of the Spanish monarchy. Addison.

EXCRESCENCY
Ex*cres"cen*cy, n.

Defn: Excrescence. [Obs.]

EXCRESCENT
Ex*cres"cent, a. Etym: [L. excresens, -entis, p. pr. of excrescere to
grow out ; ex out + crescere to grow. See Crescent.]

Defn: Growing out in an abnormal or morbid manner or as a
superfluity.
Expunge the whole, or lip the excrescent parts. Pope.
Excrescent letter (Philol.), a letter which has been added to a root;
as, the d in alder (AS. alr) is an excrescent letter.

EXCRESCENTIAL
Ex`cres*cen"tial a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, an excrescence. [R.] Hawthorne.

EXCRETA
Ex*cre"ta, n. pl. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Matters to be excreted.

EXCRETE
Ex*crete", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excreted; p. pr. & vb. n. Excreting.]
Etym: [L. excretus, p. p. of excernere to sift out, discharge; ex out
+ cernere to sift, separate. See Crisis.]

Defn: To separate and throw off; to excrete urine. "The mucus thus
excreted." Hooper.

EXCRETIN
Ex"cre*tin, n. Etym: [From Excrete.] (physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A nonnitrogenous, crystalline body, present in small quantity
in human fæces.

EXCRETION
Ex*cre"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. excrétion.]

1. The act of excreting.
To promote secretion and excretion. Pereira.

2. That which is excreted; excrement. Bacon.

EXCRETIVE
Ex*cre"tive, a.

Defn: Having the power of excreting, or promoting excretion. Harvey.

EXCRETORY
Ex*cre"to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. excrétoire.]

Defn: Having the quality of excreting, or throwing off
excrementitious matter.

EXCRUCIABLE
Ex*cru"ci*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. excruciabilis.]

Defn: Liable to torment. [R.] Bailey.

EXCRUCIATE
Ex*cru"ci*ate, a. Etym: [L. excruciatus, p. p. of excruciare to
excruciate; ex out + cruciare to put to death on a cross, to torment.
See Cruciate, Cross.]

Defn: Excruciated; tortured.
And here my heart long time excruciate. Chapman.

EXCRUCIATE
Ex*cru"ci*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excruciated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Excruciating.]

Defn: To inflict agonizing pain upon; to torture; to torment greatly;
to rack; as, to excruciate the heart or the body.
Their thoughts, like devils, them excruciate. Drayton.

EXCRUCIATING
Ex*cru"ci*a`ting

Defn: . Torturing; racking. "Excruciating pain." V. Knox.
"Excruciating fears." Bentley -- Ex*cru"ci*a`ting*ly, adv.

EXCRUCIATION
Ex*cru`ci*a"tion n. Etym: [L. excruciatio.]

Defn: The act of inflicting agonizing pain, or the state of being
thus afflicted; that which excruciates; torture. Feltham.

EXCUBATION
Ex`cu*ba"tion n. Etym: [L. excubatio, fr. excubare to lie out on
guard; ex out on guard; ex out + cubare to lie down.]

Defn: A keeping watch. [Obs.] Bailey.

EXCUBITORIUM
Ex*cu`bi*to"ri*um, n. Etym: [LL. excubitorium; ex out + cubare,
cubitum, to lie.] (Eccl. Antiq.)

Defn: A gallery in a church, where persons watched all night.

EXCULPABLE
Ex*cul"pa*ble

Defn: . Capable of being exculpated; deserving exculpation. Sir G.
Buck.

EXCULPATE
Ex*cul"pate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exculpated, p. pr. & vb. n..
Exculpating ( Etym: [L. ex out + culpatus, p. p. of culpare to find
fault with, to blame, culpa fault. See Culpable.]

Defn: To clear from alleged fault or guilt; to prove to be guiltless;
to relieve of blame; to acquit.
He exculpated himself from being the author of the heroic epistle.
Mason.
I exculpate him further for his writing against me. Milman.

Syn.
 -- To exonerate; absolve; clear; acquit; excuse; vindicate; justify.

EXCULPATION
Ex`cul*pa"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. exculpatio.]

Defn: The act of exculpating from alleged fault or crime; that which
exculpates; excuse.
These robbers, however, were men who might have made out a strong
case in exculpation of themselves. Southey.

EXCULPATORY
Ex*cul"pa*to*ry

Defn: . Clearing, or tending to clear, from alleged fault or guilt;
excusing. "An exculpatory letter." Johnson.

EXCUR
Ex*cur" i. Etym: [L. excurrere. See Excurrent.]

Defn: To run out or forth; to extend. [Obs.] Harvey.

EXCURRENT
Ex*cur"rent, a. Etym: [L. excurrens, p. p. of excurrere, excursum, to
run out; ex out + currere to run. See Current.]

1. Running or flowing out; as: (Bot.)

Defn: Running or extending out; as, an excurrent midrib, one which
projects beyond the apex of a leaf; an excurrent steam or trunk, one
which continues to the top.

2. (Zoöl)

Defn: Characterized by a current which flows outward; as, an
excurrent orifice or tube.

EXCURSE
Ex*curse", v. t. Etym: [See excurrent.]

Defn: To journey or pass thought. [R.]

EXCURSION
Ex*cur"sion. Etym: [L. excursio: cf. F. excursion. See Excurrent.]

1. A running or going out or forth; an expedition; a sally.
Far on excursion toward the gates of hell. Milton.
They would make excursions and waste the country. Holland.

2. A journey chiefly for recreation; a pleasure trip; a brief tour;
as, an excursion into the country.

3. A wandering from a subject; digression.
I am not in a scribbling mood, and shall therefore make no
excursions. Cowper.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: Length of stroke, as of a piston; stroke. [An awkward use of
the word.]

Syn.
 -- Journey; tour; ramble; jaunt. See Journey.

EXCURSIONIST
Ex*cur"sion*ist, n.

Defn: One who goes on an excursion, or pleasure trip.

EXCURSIVE
Ex*cur"sive, a.

Defn: Prone to make excursions; wandering; roving; exploring; as, an
excursive fancy.
The course of excursive . . . understandings. I. Taylor.
-- Ex*cur"sive*ly, adv.
 -- Ex*cur"sive*ness, , n.

EXCURSUS
Ex*cur"sus, n. Etym: [L., fr. excurrere, excursum. See Excurrent.]

Defn: A dissertation or digression appended to a work, and containing
a more extended exposition of some important point or topic.

EXCUSABLE
Ex*cus"a*ble a. Etym: [L. excusabilis: cf. F. excusable. See Excuse.]

Defn: That may be excused, forgiven, justified, or acquitted of
blame; pardonable; as, the man is excusable; an excusable action.
 -- Ex*cus"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Ex*cus"a*bly, adv.
The excusableness of my dissatisfaction. Boyle.

EXCUSATION
Ex`cu*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. excusatio: cf. F. excusation.]

Defn: Excuse; apology. [Obs.] Bacon.

EXCUSATOR
Ex`cu*sa"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who makes, or is authorized to make, an excuse; an
apologist. [Obs.] Hume.

EXCUSATORY
Ex*cus"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Making or containing excuse or apology; apologetical; as, an
excusatory plea.

EXCUSE
Ex*cuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excused; p. pr. & vb. n. Excusing.]
Etym: [OE. escusen, cusen, OF. escuser, excuser, F. excuser, fr. L.
excusare; ex out + causa cause, causari to plead. See Cause.]

1. To free from accusation, or the imputation of fault or blame; to
clear from guilt; to release from a charge; to justify by extenuating
a fault; to exculpate; to absolve; to acquit.
A man's persuasion that a thing is duty, will not excuse him from
guilt in practicing it, if really and indeed it be against Gog's law.
Abp. Sharp.

2. To pardon, as a fault; to forgive entirely, or to admit to be
little censurable, and to overlook; as, we excuse irregular conduct,
when extraordinary circumstances appear to justify it.
I must excuse what can not be amended. Shak.

3. To regard with indulgence; to view leniently or to overlook; to
pardon.
And in our own (excuse some courtly stains.) No whiter page than
Addison remains. Pope.

4. To free from an impending obligation or duty; hence, to disengage;
to dispense with; to release by favor; also, to remit by favor; not
to exact; as, to excuse a forfeiture.
I pray thee have me excused. xiv. 19.

5. To relieve of an imputation by apology or defense; to make apology
for as not seriously evil; to ask pardon or indulgence for.
Think ye that we excuse ourselves to you 2 Cor. xii. 19.

Syn.
 -- To vindicate; exculpate; absolve; acquit. - To Pardon, Excuse,
Forgive. A superior pardons as an act of mercy or generosity; either
a superior or an equal excuses. A crime, great fault, or a grave
offence, as one against law or morals, may be pardoned; a small
fault, such as a failure in social or conventional obligations,
slight omissions or neglects may be excused. Forgive relates to
offenses against one's self, and punishment foregone; as, to forgive
injuries or one who has injured us; to pardon grave offenses, crimes,
and criminals; to excuse an act of forgetfulness, an unintentional
offense. Pardon is also a word of courtesy employed in the sense of
excuse.

EXCUSE
Ex*cuse", n. Etym: [Cf. F. excuse. See Excuse, v. t.]

1. The act of excusing, apologizing, exculpating, pardoning,
releasing, and the like; acquittal; release; absolution;
justification; extenuation.
Pleading so wisely in excuse of it. Shak.

2. That which is offered as a reason for being excused; a plea
offered in extenuation of a fault or irregular deportment; apology;
as, an excuse for neglect of duty; excuses for delay of payment.
Hence with denial vain and coy excuse. Milton.

3. That which excuses; that which extenuates or justifies a fault.
"It hath the excuse of youth." Shak.
If eyes were made for seeing. Then beauty is its own excuse for
being. Emerson.

Syn.
 -- See Apology.

EXCUSELESS
Ex*cuse"less, a.

Defn: Having no excuse; not admitting of excuse or apology. Whillock.

EXCUSEMENT
Ex*cuse"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. excusement.]

Defn: Excuse. [Obs.] Gower.

EXCUSER
Ex*cus"er, n.

1. One who offers excuses or pleads in extenuation of the fault of
another. Swift.

2. One who excuses or forgives another. Shelton.

EXCUSS
Ex*cuss", v. t. Etym: [L. excussus. p. p. of excutere to shake off;
ex out, from + quatere to shake. Cf. Quash.]

1. To shake off; to discard. [R.]
To excuss the notation of a Geity out of their minds. Bp.
Stillingfleet.

2. To inspect; to investigate; to decipher. [R.]
To take some pains in excusing some old monuments. F. Junius (1654).

3. To seize and detain by law, as goods. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

EXCUSSION
Ex*cus"sion, n. Etym: [L. excussio a shaking down; LL., a threshing
of corn: cf. F. excussion.]

Defn: The act of excusing; seizure by law. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

EXEAT
Ex"e*at, n. Etym: [L., let him go forth.]

1. A license for absence from a college or a religious house. [Eng.]
Shipley.

2. A permission which a bishop grants to a priest to go out of his
diocese. Wharton.

EXECRABLE
Ex"e*cra*ble, a. Etym: [L. execrabilis, exsecrabilis: cf. F.
exécrable. See Execrate.]

Defn: Deserving to be execrated; accursed; damnable; detestable;
abominable; as, an execrable wretch. "Execrable pride." Hooker.
 -- Ex"e*cra*ble*ness, n.
 -- Ex"e*cra*bly, adv.

EXECRATE
Ex"e*crate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Execrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Execrating.] Etym: [L. execratus, exsecratus, p. p. of execrare,
exsecrare, to execrate; ex out + sacer holy, sacred. See Sacred.]

Defn: To denounce evil against, or to imprecate evil upon; to curse;
to protest against as unholy or detestable; hence, to detest utterly;
to abhor; to abominate. "They . . . execrate their lct." Cowper.

EXECRATION
Ex`e*cra"tion, n. Etym: [L. execratio, exsecratio: cf. F.
exécration.]

1. The act of cursing; a curse dictated by violent feelings of
hatred; imprecation; utter detestation expressed.
Cease, gentle, queen, these execrations. Shak.

2. That which is execrated; a detested thing.
Ye shall be an execration and . . . a curse. Jer. xlii. 18.

Syn.
 -- See Malediction.

EXECRATIVE
Ex"e*cra*tive, a.

Defn: Cursing; imprecatory; vilifying. Carlyle.
 -- Ex"e*cra*tive*ly, adv.

EXECRATIVE
Ex"e*cra*tive, n.

Defn: A word used for cursing; an imprecatory word or expression.
Earle.

EXECRATORY
Ex"e*cra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of the nature of execration; imprecatory; denunciatory. C.
Kingsley.
 -- n.

Defn: A formulary of execrations. L. Addison.

EXECT
Ex*ect", v. t. Etym: [See Exsect.]

Defn: To cut off or out. [Obs.] See Exsect. Harvey.

EXECTION
Ex*ec"tion, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Exsection.

EXECUTABLE
Ex"e*cu`ta*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being executed; feasible; as, an executable project.
[R.]

EXECUTANT
Ex*ec"u*tant, n.

Defn: One who executes or performs; esp., a performer on a musical
instrument.
Great executants on the organ. De Quincey.

EXECUTE
Ex"e*cute, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Executed; p. pr. & vb. n. Executing.]
Etym: [F. exécuter, L. executus, exsecutus, p. p. of exequi to follow
to the end, pursue; ex out + sequi to follow. See Second, Sue to
follow up, and cf. Exequy.]

1. To follow out or through to the end; to carry out into complete
effect; to complete; to finish; to effect; to perform;
Why delays His hand to execute what his decree Fixed on this day
Milton.

2. To complete, as a legal instrument; to perform what is required to
give validity to, as by signing and perhaps sealing and delivering;
as, to execute a deed, lease, mortgage, will, etc.

3. To give effect to; to do what is provided or required by; to
perform the requirements or stimulations of; as, to execute a decree,
judgment, writ, or process.

4. To infect capital punishment on; to put to death in conformity to
a legal sentence; as, to execute a traitor.

5. Too put to death illegally; to kill. [Obs.] Shak.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: To perform, as a piece of music, either on an instrument or
with the voice; as, to execute a difficult part brilliantly.

Syn.
 -- To accomplish; effect; fulfill; achieve; consummate; finish;
complete. See Accomplish.

EXECUTE
Ex"e*cute, v. i.

1. To do one's work; to act one's part of purpose. [R.] Hayward.

2. To perform musically.

EXECUTER
Ex"e*cu`ter, n.

Defn: One who performs or carries into effect. See Executor.

EXECUTION
Ex`e*cu"tion, n. Etym: [F. exécution, L. executio, exsecutio.]

1. The act of executing; a carrying into effect or to completion;
performance; achievement; consummation; as, the execution of a plan,
a work, etc.
The excellence of the subject contributed much to the happiness of
the execution. Dryden.

2. A putting to death as a legal penalty; death lawfully inflicted;
as, the execution of a murderer.
A warrant for his execution. Shak.

3. The act of the mode of performing a work of art, of performing on
an instrument, of engraving, etc.; as, the execution of a statue,
painting, or piece of music.
The first quality of execution is truth. Ruskin.

4. (Law)
(a) The carrying into effect the judgment given in a court of law.
(b) A judicial writ by which an officer is empowered to carry a
judgment into effect; final process.
(c) The act of signing, and delivering a legal instrument, or giving
it the forms required to render it valid; as, the execution of a
deed, or a will.

5. That which is executed or accomplished; effect; effective work; --
usually with do.
To do some fatal execution. Shak.

6. The act of sacking a town. [Obs.] Beau. & FL.

EXECUTIONER
Ex`e*cu"tion*er, n.

1. One who executes; an executer. Bacon.

2. One who puts to death in conformity to legal warrant, as a
hangman.

EXECUTIVE
Ex*ec"u*tive, a. Etym: [Cf.F. exécutif.]

Defn: Designed or fitted for execution, or carrying into effect; as,
executive talent; qualifying for, concerned with, or pertaining to,
the execution of the laws or the conduct of affairs; as, executive
power or authority; executive duties, officer, department, etc.

Note: In government, executive is distinguished from legislative and
judicial; legislative being applied to the organ or organs of
government which make the laws; judicial, to that which interprets
and applies the laws; executive, to that which carries them into
effect or secures their due performance.

EXECUTIVE
Ex*ec"u*tive, n.

Defn: An impersonal title of the chief magistrate or officer who
administers the government, whether king, president, or governor; the
governing person or body.

EXECUTIVELY
Ex*ec"u*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In the way of executing or performing.

EXECUTOR
Ex*ec"u*tor, n. Etym: [L. executor, exsecutor: cf. F. exécuteur. Cf.
Executer.]

1. One who executes or performs; a doer; as, an executor of baseness.
Shak.

2. An executioner. [Obs.]
Delivering o'er to executors pa . . . The lazy, yawning drone. Shak.

3. (Law)

Defn: The person appointed by a Executor de son tort Etym: [Of.,
executor of his own wrong] (Law), a stranger who intermeddles without
authority in the distribution of the estate of a deceased person.

EXECUTORIAL
Ex*ec`u*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [LL. executorialis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an executive.

EXECUTORSHIP
Ex*ec"u*tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office of an executor.

EXECUTORY
Ex*ec"u*to*ry, a. Etym: [LL. executorius, L. exsecutorius: cf.F.
exécutoire.]

1. Pertaining to administration, or putting the laws in force;
executive.
The official and executory duties of government. Burke.

2. (Law)

Defn: Designed to be executed or carried into effect in time to come,
or to take effect on a future contingency; as, an executory devise,
reminder, or estate; an executory contract. Blackstone.

EXECUTRESS
Ex*ec"u*tress, n. Etym: [Cf.F. exécutrice.]

Defn: An executrix.

EXECUTRIX
Ex*ec"u*trix, n. Etym: [LL.] (Law)

Defn: A woman exercising the functions of an executor.

EXEDENT
Ex"e*dent, a. Etym: [L. exedent, -entis, p.pr. of exedere. See
Exesion.]

Defn: Eating out; consuming. [R.]

EXEDRA
Ex"e*dra, n.; pl. Exedræ. Etym: [L., fr.Gr

1. (Class. Antiq.)

Defn: A room in a public building, furnished with seats.

2. (Arch.)
(a) The projection of any part of a building in a rounded form.
(b) Any out-of-door seat in stone, large enough for several persons;
esp., one of curved form.

EXEGESIS
Ex`e*ge"sis, n.;pl. Exegeses. Etym: [NL., fr.Gr. Agent.]

1. Exposition; explanation; especially, a critical explanation of a
text or portion of Scripture.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The process of finding the roots of an equation. [Obs.]

EXEGETE
Ex"e*gete, n. Etym: [Gr. exégète. See Exegesis.]

Defn: An exegetist.

EXEGETIC; EXEGETICAL
Ex`e*get"ic, Ex`e*get"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. exégétique.]

Defn: Pertaining to exegesis; tending to unfold or illustrate;
explanatory; expository. Walker. Ex`e*get"ic*al*ly, adv.

EXEGETICS
Ex`e*get"ics, n.

Defn: The science of interpretation or exegesis.

EXEGETIST
Ex`e*ge"tist, n.

Defn: One versed in the science of exegesis or interpretation; --
also called exegete.

EXEMPLAR
Ex*em"plar, n. Etym: [L. exemplar, exemplum: cf. F. exemplaire. See
Example, and cf. Examper, Sampler.]

1. A model, original, or pattern, to be copied or imitated; a
specimen; sometimes; an ideal model or type, as that which an artist
conceives.
Such grand exemplar as make their own abilities the sole measure of
what is fit or unfit. South.

2. A copy of a book or writing. [Obs.] Udall.

EXEMPLAR
Ex*em"plar, a.

Defn: Exemplary. [Obs.]
The exemplar piety of the father of a family. Jer. Taylor.

EXEMPLARILY
Ex"em*pla*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner fitted or designed to be an example for imitation
or for warning; by way of example.
She is exemplarily loyal. Howell.
Some he punisheth exemplarily. Hakewill.

EXEMPLARINESS
Ex"em*pla*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being exemplary; fitness to be an
example.

EXEMPLARITY
Ex`em*plar"i*ty (, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. exemplaritas.]

Defn: Exemplariness. [R.]
The exemplarity of Christ's life. Abp. Sharp.

EXEMPLARY
Ex"em*pla*ry, a. Etym: [L. exemplaris, fr. exemplar: cf. F.
exemplaire. See Exemplar.]

1. Serving as a pattern; deserving to be proposed for imitation;
commendable; as, an exemplary person; exemplary conduct.
[Bishops'] lives and doctrines ought to be exemplary. Bacon.

2. Serving as a warning; monitory; as, exemplary justice, punishment,
or damages.

3. Illustrating as the proof of a thing. Fuller. Exemplary damages.
(Law) See under Damage.

EXEMPLARY
Ex"em*pla*ry, n.

Defn: An exemplar; also, a copy of a book or writing. [Obs.] Donne.

EXEMPLIFIABLE
Ex*em"pli*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: That can be exemplified.

EXEMPLIFICATION
Ex*em`pli*fi*ca"tion, n.

1. The act of exemplifying; a showing or illustrating by example.

2. That which exemplifies; a case in point; example.

3. (Law)

Defn: A copy or transcript attested to be correct by the seal of an
officer having custody of the original.

EXEMPLIFIER
Ex*em"pli*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who exemplifies by following a pattern.

EXEMPLIFY
Ex*em"pli*fy v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exemplified; p. pr. &. vb. n.
Exemplifying.] Etym: [L. exemplum example + -fy: cf. LL.
exemplificare to copy, serve as an example.]

1. To show or illustrate by example.
He did but . . . exemplify the principles in which he had been
brought up. Cowper.

2. To copy; to transcribe; to make an attested copy or transcript of,
under seal, as of a record. Holland.

3. To prove or show by an attested copy.

EXEMPT
Ex*empt", a. Etym: [F. exempt, L. exemptus, p. p. of eximere to take
out, remove, free; ex out + emere to buy, take. Cf. Exon, Redeem.]

1. Cut off; set apart. [Obs.]
Corrupted, and exempt from ancient gentry. Shak.

2. Extraordinary; exceptional. [Obs.] Chapman.

3. Free, or released, from some liability to which others are
subject; excepted from the operation or burden of some law; released;
free; clear; privileged; -- (with from): not subject to; not liable
to; as, goods exempt from execution; a person exempt from jury
service.
True nobility is exempt from fear. Shak.
T is laid on all, not any one exempt. Dryden.

EXEMPT
Ex*empt", n.

1. One exempted or freed from duty; one not subject.

2. One of four officers of the Yeomen of the Royal Guard, having the
rank of corporal; an Exon. [Eng.]

EXEMPT
Ex*empt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exempted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exempting.]
Etym: [F. exempter. See Exempt, a.]

1. To remove; to set apart. [Obs.] Holland.

2. To release or deliver from some liability which others are subject
to; to except or excuse from he operation of a law; to grant immunity
to; to free from obligation; to release; as, to exempt from military
duty, or from jury service; to exempt from fear or pain.
Death So snatched will not exempt us from the pain We are by doom to
pay. Milton.

EXEMPTIBLE
Ex*empt"i*ble, a.

Defn: That may be exempted.

EXEMPTION
Ex*emp"tion, n. Etym: [L. exenptio a removing: cf. F. exemption
exemption.]

Defn: The act of exempting; the state of being exempt; freedom from
any charge, burden, evil, etc., to which others are subject;
immunity; privilege; as, exemption of certain articles from seizure;
exemption from military service; exemption from anxiety, suffering,
etc.

EXEMPTITIOUS
Ex`emp*ti"tious, a.

Defn: Separable. [Obs.] "Exemptitious from matter." Dr. H. More.

EXENTERATE
Ex*en"ter*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. exenteratus, p.p. of exenterare; cf.
Gr.

Defn: To take out the bowels or entrails of; to disembowel; to
eviscerate; as, exenterated fishes. [R.]
Exenterated rule-mongers and eviscerated logicians. Hare.

EXENTERATION
Ex*en`ter*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. exenteratio.]

Defn: Act of exenterating. [R.]

EXEQUATUR
Ex`e*qua"tur, n. Etym: [L., 3d pers. sing. pres. subj. of exequi,
exsequi, to perform, execute.]

1. A written official recognition of a consul or commercial agent,
issued by the government to which he is accredited, and authorizing
him to exercise his powers in the place to which he is assigned.

2. Official recognition or permission. Prescott.

EXEQUIAL
Ex*e"qui*al, a. Etym: [L. exequialis, exsequialis, fr. exsequiae
exequies.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to funerals; funereal.

EXEQUIOUS
Ex*e"qui*ous, a.

Defn: Funereal. [Obs.] Drayton.

EXEQUY
Ex"e*quy, n.;pl. Exequies. Etym: [L. exequiae, exsequiae, a funeral
procession, fr. exsequi to follow out: cf. OF. exeques. See Exequte.]

Defn: A funeral rite (usually in the plural); the ceremonies of
burial; obsequies; funeral procession.
But see his exequies fulfilled in Rouen. Shak.

EXERCENT
Ex*er"cent, a. Etym: [L. exercents, -entis, p. pr. of exercere. See
Exercise.]

Defn: Practicing; professional. [Obs.] "Every exercent advocate."
Ayliffe.

EXERCISABLE
Ex"er*ci`sa*ble a.

Defn: That may be exercised, used, or exerted.

EXERCISE
Ex"er*cise, n. Etym: [F. exercice, L. exercitium, from exercere,
exercitum, to drive on, keep, busy, prob. orig., to thrust or drive
out of the inclosure; ex out + arcere to shut up, inclose. See Ark.]

1. The act of exercising; a setting in action or practicing;
employment in the proper mode of activity; exertion; application;
use; habitual activity; occupation, in general; practice.
exercise of the important function confided by the constitution to
the legislature. Jefferson.
O we will walk this world, Yoked in all exercise of noble end.
Tennyson.

2. Exertion for the sake of training or improvement whether physical,
intellectual, or moral; practice to acquire skill, knowledge, virtue,
perfectness, grace, etc. "Desire of knightly exercise." Spenser.
An exercise of the eyes and memory. Locke.

3. Bodily exertion for the sake of keeping the organs and functions
in a healthy state; hygienic activity; as, to take exercise ob
horseback.
The wise for cure on exercise depend. Dryden.

4. The performance of an office, a ceremony, or a religious duty.
Lewis refused even those of the church of England . . . the public
exercise of their religion. Addison.
To draw him from his holy exercise. Shak.

5. That which is done for the sake of exercising, practicing,
training, or promoting skill, health, mental, improvement, moral
discipline, etc.; that which is assigned or prescribed for such ebbs;
hence, a disquisition; a lesson; a task; as, military or naval
exercises; musical exercises; an exercise in composition.
The clumsy exercises of the European tourney. Prescott.
He seems to have taken a degree, and preformed public exercises in
Cambridge, in 1565. Brydges.

6. That which gives practice; a trial; a test.
Patience is more oft the exercise Of saints, the trial of their
fortitude. Milton.
Exercise bone (Med.), a deposit of bony matter in the soft tissues,
produced by pressure or exertion.

EXERCISE
Ex"er*cise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exercised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Exercising.]

1. To set in action; to cause to act, move, or make exertion; to give
employment to; to put in action habitually or constantly; to school
or train; to exert repeatedly; to busy.
Herein do I Exercise myself, to have always a conscience void of
offence. Acts xxiv. 16.

2. To exert for the sake of training or improvement; to practice in
order to develop; hence, also, to improve by practice; to discipline,
and to use or to for the purpose of training; as, to exercise arms;
to exercise one's self in music; to exercise troops.
About him exercised heroic games The unarmed youth. Milton.

3. To occupy the attention and effort of; to task; to tax, especially
in a painful or vexatious manner; harass; to vex; to worry or make
anxious; to affect; to discipline; as, exercised with pain.
Where pain of unextinguishable fire Must exercise us without hope of
end. Milton.

4. To put in practice; to carry out in action; to perform the duties
of; to use; to employ; to practice; as, to exercise authority; to
exercise an office.
I am the Lord which exercise loving-kindness, judgment, and
righteousness in the earth. Jer. ix. 24.
The people of the land have used oppression and exercised robbery.
Ezek. xxii. 29.

EXERCISE
Ex"er*cise, v. i.

Defn: To exercise one's self, as under military training; to drill;
to take exercise; to use action or exertion; to practice gymnastics;
as, to exercise for health or amusement.
I wear my trusty sword, When I do exercise. Cowper.

EXERCISER
Ex"er*ci`ser, n.

Defn: One who exercises.

EXERCISIBLE
Ex"er*ci`si*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being exercised, employed, or enforced; as, the
authority of a magistrate is exercisible within his jurisdiction.

EXERCITATION
Ex*er`ci*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. exercitatio, fr. exercitare, intense.,
fr. exercere to exercise: CF. f. exercitation.]

Defn: exercise; practice; use. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

EXERGUE
Ex*ergue", n. Etym: [F.,fr.Gr. i.e., accessory work. See Work.]
(Numis.)

Defn: The small space beneath the base line of a subject engraved on
a coin or medal. It usually contains the date, place, engraver's
name, etc., or other subsidiary matter. Fairholt.

EXERT
Ex*ert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exerted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exerting.]
Etym: [L. exertus, exsertus, p.p. of exerere, exserere, to thrust
out; ex out + serere to join or bind together. See Series, and cf.
Exsert.]

1. To thrust forth; to emit; to push out. [Obs.]
So from the seas exerts his radiant head The star by whom the lights
of heaven are led. Dryden.

2. To put force, ability, or anything of the nature of an active
faculty; to put in vigorous action; to bring into active operation;
as, to exert the strength of the body, limbs, faculties, or
imagination; to exert the mind or the voice.

3. To put forth, as the result or exercise of effort; to bring to
bear; to do or perform.
When we will has exerted an act of command on any faculty of the soul
or member of the body. South.
To exert one's self, to use efforts or endeavors; to strive; to make
an attempt.

EXERTION
Ex*er"tion, n.

Defn: The act of exerting, or putting into motion or action; the
active exercise of any power or faculty; an effort, esp. a laborious
or perceptible effort; as, an exertion of strength or power; an
exertion of the limbs or of the mind; it is an exertion for him to
move, to-day.

Syn.
 -- Attempt; endeavor; effort; essay; trial. See Attempt.

EXERTIVE
Ex*ert"ive, a.

Defn: Having power or a tendency to exert; using exertion.

EXERTMENT
Ex*ert"ment, n.

Defn: Exertion. [R.]

EXESION
Ex*e"sion, n. Etym: [L. exedere, exesum, to eat up; ex out + edere to
eat.]

Defn: The act of eating out or through. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EXESTUATE
Ex*es"tu*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. exaestuatus,p.p. of exaestuare to boil
up. See Estuate.]

Defn: To be agitated; to boil up; to effervesce. [Obs.]

EXESTUATION
Ex*es`tu*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. exaestuatio.]

Defn: A boiling up; effervescence. [Obs.] Boyle.

EXEUNT
Ex"e*unt. Etym: [L., 3d pers. pl. pres. of exire to go out.]

Defn: They go out, or retire from the scene; as, exeunt all except
Hamlet. See 1st Exit.

EXFETATION
Ex`fe*ta"tion, n Etym: [Pref. ex- + fetation.] (Med.)

Defn: Imperfect fetation in some organ exterior to the uterus; extra-
uterine fetation. Hoblyn.

EXFOLIATE
Ex*fo"li*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Exfoliated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Exfoliating.] Etym: [L. exfoliare to strip of leaves; ex out, from +
folium leaf.]

1. To separate and come off in scales or laminæ, as pieces of carious
bone or of bark.

2. (Min.)

Defn: To split into scales, especially to become converted into
scales at the result of heat or decomposition.

EXFOLIATE
Ex*fo"li*ate v. t.

Defn: To remove scales, laminæ, or splinters from the surface of.

EXFOLIATION
Ex*fo`li*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. exfoliation.]

Defn: The scaling off of a bone, a rock, or a mineral, etc.; the
state of being exfoliated.

EXFOLIATIVE
Ex*fo"li*a"tive, a. Etym: [Cf.F. exfoliatif.]

Defn: Having the power of causing exfoliation.
 -- n.

Defn: An exfoliative agent. Wiseman.

EXHALABLE
Ex*hal"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being exhaled or evaporated. Boyle.

EXHALANT
Ex*hal"ant, a. Etym: [Cf. F. exhalant.]

Defn: Having the quality of exhaling or evaporating.

EXHALATION
Ex`ha*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. exhalatio: cf. F. exhalaison,
exhalation.]

1. The act or process of exhaling, or sending forth in the form of
steam or vapor; evaporation.

2. That which is exhaled, or which rises in the form of vapor, fume,
or steam; effluvium; emanation; as, exhalations from the earth or
flowers, decaying matter, etc.
Ye mists and exhalations, that now rise From hill or steaming lake.
Milton.

3. A bright phenomenon; a meteor.
I shall fall Like a bright exhalation in the evening. Shak.

EXHALE
Ex*hale", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exaled, p. pr. & vb. n.. Exaling.]
Etym: [L. exhalare; ex out + halare to breathe; cf.F. exhaler. Cf.
Inhale.]

1. To breathe out. Hence: To emit, as vapor; to send out, as an odor;
to evaporate; as, the earth exhales vapor; marshes exhale noxious
effluvia.
Less fragrant scents the unfolding rose exhales. Pope.

2. To draw out; to cause to be emitted in vapor; as, the sum exhales
the moisture of the earth.

EXHALE
Ex*hale", v. i.

Defn: To rise or be given off, as vapor; to pass off, or vanish.
Their inspiration exhaled in elegies. Prescott.

EXHALEMENT
Ex*hale"ment, n.

Defn: Exhalation. [Obs.]

EXHALENCE
Ex*hal"ence, n.

Defn: Exhalation. [R.]

EXHAUST
Ex*haust", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exhausted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Exhausting.] Etym: [L. exhaustus, p.p. of exhaurire; ex out +
haurire, haustum, to draw, esp. water; perhaps akin to Icel. asua to
sprinkle, pump.]

1. To draw or let out wholly; to drain off completely; as, to exhaust
the water of a well; the moisture of the earth is exhausted by
evaporation.

2. To empty by drawing or letting out the contents; as, to exhaust a
well, or a treasury.

3. To drain, metaphorically; to use or expend wholly, or till the
supply comes to an end; to deprive wholly of strength; to use up; to
weary or tire out; to wear out; as, to exhaust one's strength,
patience, or resources.
A decrepit, exhausted old man at fifty-five. Motley.

4. To bring out or develop completely; to discuss thoroughly; as, to
exhaust a subject.

5. (Chem.)

Defn: To subject to the action of various solvents in order to remove
all soluble substances or extractives; as, to exhaust a drug
successively with water, alcohol, and ether. Exhausted receiver.
(Physics) See under Receiver.

Syn.
 -- To spend; consume; tire out; weary.

EXHAUST
Ex*haust", a. Etym: [L. exhaustus, p.p.]

1. Drained; exhausted; having expended or lost its energy.

2. Pertaining to steam, air, gas, etc., that is released from the
cylinder of an engine after having preformed its work. Exhaust
draught, a forced draught produced by drawing air through a place, as
through a furnace, instead of blowing it through.
 -- Exhaust fan, a fan blower so arranged as to produce an exhaust
draught, or to draw air or gas out of a place, as out of a room in
ventilating it.
 -- Exhaust nozzle, Exhaust orifice (Steam Engine), the blast orifice
or nozzle.
 -- Exhaust pipe (Steam Engine), the pipe that conveys exhaust steam
from the cylinder to the atmosphere or to the condenser. Exhaust port
(Steam Engine), the opening, in the cylinder or valve, by which the
exhaust steam escapes.
 -- Exhaust purifier (Milling), a machine for sorting grains, or
purifying middlings by an exhaust draught. Knight.
 -- Exhaust steam (Steam Engine), steam which is allowed to escape
from the cylinder after having been employed to produce motion of the
piston.
 -- Exhaust valve (Steam Engine), a valve that lets exhaust steam
escape out of a cylinder.

EXHAUST
Ex*haust", n. (Steam Engine)

1. The steam let out of a cylinder after it has done its work there.

2. The foul air let out of a room through a register or pipe provided
for the purpose.

EXHAUSTER
Ex*haust"er n.

Defn: One who, or that which, exhausts or draws out.

EXHAUSTIBILITY
Ex*haust`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being exhausted.
I was seriously tormented by the thought of the exhaustibility of
musical combinations. J. S. Mill.

EXHAUSTIBLE
Ex*haust"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being exhausted, drained off, or expended. Johnson.

EXHAUSTING
Ex*haust"ing, a.

Defn: Producing exhaustion; as, exhausting labors.
 -- Ex*haust"ing, adv.

EXHAUSTION
Ex*haus"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. exhaustion.]

1. The act of draining out or draining off; the act of emptying
completely of the contents.

2. The state of being exhausted or emptied; the state of being
deprived of strength or spirits.

3. (Math.)

Defn: An ancient geometrical method in which an exhaustive process
was employed. It was nearly equivalent to the modern method of
limits.

Note: The method of exhaustions was applied to great variety of
propositions, pertaining to rectifications and quadratures, now
investigated by the calculus.

EXHAUSTIVE
Ex*haust"ive, a.

Defn: Serving or tending to exhaust; exhibiting all the facts or
arguments; as, an exhaustive method. Ex*haust"ive*ly, adv.

EXHAUSTLESS
Ex*haust"less, a.

Defn: Not be exhausted; inexhaustible; as, an exhaustless fund or
store.

EXHAUSTMENT
Ex*haust"ment, n.

Defn: Exhaustion; drain. [Obs.]

EXHAUSTURE
Ex*haus"ture, n.

Defn: Exhaustion. Wraxall.

EXHEDRA
Ex"he*dra, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Exedra.

EXHEREDATE
Ex*her"e*date, v. t. Etym: [L., exheredatus, p.p. of exheredare to
disinherit; ex out + heres, heredis, heir.]

Defn: To disinherit. [R.] Huloet.

EXHEREDATION
Ex*her`e*da"tion, n. Etym: [L., exheredatio: cf. F. exhérédation.]

Defn: A disinheriting; disherisor. [R.]

EXHEREDITATION
Ex`he*red`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [LL. exhereditare, exhereditatum,
disinherit.]

Defn: A disinheriting; disherison. [R.] E. Waterhouse.

EXHIBIT
Ex*hib"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exhibited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Exhibiting.] Etym: [L. exhibitus, p. p. of exhibere to hold forth, to
tender, exhibit; ex out + habere to have or hold. See Habit.]

1. To hold forth or present to view; to produce publicly, for
inspection; to show, especially in order to attract notice to what is
interesting; to display; as, to exhibit commodities in a warehouse, a
picture in a gallery.
Exhibiting a miserable example of the weakness of mind and body.
Pope.

2. (Law)

Defn: To submit, as a document, to a court or officer, in course of
proceedings; also, to present or offer officially or in legal form;
to bring, as a charge.
He suffered his attorney-general to exhibit a charge of high treason
against the earl. Clarendon.

3. (Med.)

Defn: To administer as a remedy; as, to exhibit calomel. To exhibit a
foundation or prize, to hold it forth or to tender it as a bounty to
candidates.
 -- To exibit an essay, to declaim or otherwise present it in public.
[Obs.]

EXHIBIT
Ex*hib"it, n.

1. Any article, or collection of articles, displayed to view, as in
an industrial exhibition; a display; as, this exhibit was marked A;
the English exhibit.

2. (Law)

Defn: A document produced and identified in court for future use as
evidence.

EXHIBITER
Ex*hib"it*er, n. Etym: [Cf. Exhibitor.]

Defn: One who exhibits; one who presents a petition, charge or bill.
Shak.

EXHIBITION
Ex`hi*bi"tion, n. Etym: [L. exhibitio a delivering: cf. F.
exhibition.]

1. The act of exhibiting for inspection, or of holding forth to view;
manifestation; display.

2. That which is exhibited, held forth, or displayed; also, any
public show; a display of works of art, or of feats of skill, or of
oratorical or dramatic ability; as, an exhibition of animals; an
exhibition of pictures, statues, etc.; an industrial exhibition.

3. Sustenance; maintenance; allowance, esp. for meat and drink;
pension. Specifically: (Eng. Univ.) Private benefaction for the
maintenance of scholars.
What maintenance he from his friends receives, Like exhibition thou
shalt have from me. Shak.
I have given more exhibitions to scholars, in my days, than to the
priests. Tyndale.

4. (Med.)

Defn: The act of administering a remedy.

EXHIBITIONER
Ex`hi*bi"tion*er, n. (Eng. Univ.)

Defn: One who has a pension or allowance granted for support.
A youth who had as an exhibitioner from Christ's Hospital. G. Eliot.

EXHIBITIVE
Ex*hib"it*ive, a.

Defn: Serving for exhibition; representative; exhibitory. Norris.
 -- Ex*hib"it*ive*ly, adv.

EXHIBITOR
Ex*hib"it*or, n. Etym: [Cf. L. exhibitor a giver.]

Defn: One who exhibits.

EXHIBITORY
Ex*hib"it*o*ry, a. Etym: [L. exhibitorius relating to giving up: cf.
F. exhibitoire exhibiting.]

Defn: Exhibiting; publicly showing. J. Warton.

EXHILARANT
Ex*hil"a*rant, a. Etym: [L. exhilarans. -antis, p. pr. See
Exhilarate.]

Defn: Exciting joy, mirth, or pleasure.
 -- n.

Defn: That which exhilarates.

EXHILARATE
Ex*hil"a*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exhilarated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Exilarating.] Etym: [L. exhilaratus, p.p. of exhilarare to gladden;
ex out + hilarare to make merry, hilaris merry, cheerful. See
Hilarious.]

Defn: To make merry or jolly; to enliven; to animate; to gladden
greatly; to cheer; as, good news exhilarates the mind; wine
exhilarates a man.

EXHILARATE
Ex*hil"a*rate, v. i.

Defn: To become joyous. [R.] Bacon.

EXHILARATING
Ex*hil"a*ra`ting, a.

Defn: That exhilarates; cheering; gladdening.
 -- Ex*hil"a*ra`ting*ly, adv.

EXHILARATION
Ex*hil`a*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L., exhilaratio.]

1. The act of enlivening the spirits; the act of making glad or
cheerful; a gladdening.

2. The state of being enlivened or cheerful.
Exhilaration hath some affinity with joy, though it be a much lighter
motion. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Animation; joyousness; gladness; cheerfulness; gayety; hilarity;
merriment; jollity.

EXHORT
Ex*hort", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exhorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exhorting.]
Etym: [L. exhortari; ex out + hortari to incite, encourage; cf. F.
exhorter. See Hortative.]

Defn: To incite by words or advice; to animate or urge by arguments,
as to a good deed or laudable conduct; to address exhortation to; to
urge strongly; hence, to advise, warn, or caution.
Examples gross as earth exhort me. Shak.
Let me exhort you to take care of yourself. J. D. Forbes.

EXHORT
Ex*hort", v. i.

Defn: To deliver exhortation; to use words or arguments to incite to
good deeds.
With many other words did he testify and exhort. Acts ii. 40.

EXHORT
Ex*hort", n.

Defn: Exhortation. [Obs.] Pope.

EXHORTATION
Ex`hor*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. exhortatio: cf. F. exhortation.]

1. The act of practice of exhorting; the act of inciting to laudable
deeds; incitement to that which is good or commendable.

2. Language intended to incite and encourage; advice; counsel;
admonition.
I'll end my exhortation after dinner. Shak.

EXHORTATIVE
Ex*hor"ta*tive, a. Etym: [L. exhortativus: cf. F. exhortatif.]

Defn: Serving to exhort; exhortatory; hortative. Barrow.

EXHORTATORY
Ex*hor"ta*to*ry a. Etym: [L. exhortatorius: cf. F. exhortatoire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to exhortation; hortatory. Holinshed.

EXHORTER
Ex*hort"er, n.

Defn: One who exhorts or incites.

EXHUMATED
Ex*hu"ma*ted, a.

Defn: Disinterred. [Obs.]

EXHUMATION
Ex`hu*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. exhumatio, F. exhumation.]

Defn: The act of exhuming that which has been buried; as, the
exhumation of a body.

EXHUME
Ex*hume", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exhumed p. pr. & vb. n.. Exhuming.]
Etym: [LL. exhumare; L. ex out + humus ground, soil: cf. F. exhumer.
See Humble.]

Defn: To dig out of the ground; to take out of a place of burial; to
disinter. Mantell.

EXICCATE
Ex"ic*cate, v. t.

Defn: See Exsiccate. [Obs.] Holland.

EXICCATION
Ex`ic*ca"tion, n.

Defn: See Exsiccation. [Obs.]

EXIGENCE
Ex"i*gence, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Exigency. Hooker.

EXIGENCY
Ex"i*gen*cy, n.;pl. Exigencies. Etym: [LL. exigentia: cf. F.
exigence.]

Defn: The state of being exigent; urgent or exacting want; pressing
necessity or distress; need; a case demanding immediate action,
supply, or remedy; as, an unforeseen exigency. "The present exigency
of his affairs." Ludlow.

Syn.
 -- Demand; urgency; distress; pressure; emergency; necessity;
crisis.

EXIGENDARY
Ex`i*gen"da*ry, n.

Defn: See Exigenter.

EXIGENT
Ex`i*gent, a. Etym: [L. exigens, -entis, p. pr. of exigere to drive
out or forth, require, exact. See Exact.]

Defn: Exacting or requiring immediate aid or action; pressing;
critical. "At this exigent moment." Burke.

EXIGENT
Ex"i*gent, n.

1. Exigency; pressing necessity; decisive moment. [Obs.]
Why do you cross me in this exigent Shak.

2. (o. Eng. Law)

Defn: The name of a writ in proceedings before outlawry. Abbott.

EXIGENTER
Ex"i*gent*er, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: An officer in the Court of King's Bench and Common Pleas whose
duty it was make out exigents. The office in now abolished. Cowell.

EXIGIBLE
Ex"i*gi*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. exigible. See Exigent.]

Defn: That may be exacted; repairable. [R.] A. Smith.

EXIGUITY
Ex`i*gu"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. exiguitas, fr. exiguus small: cf. F.
exiguité.]

Defn: Scantiness; smallness; thinness. [R.] Boyle.

EXIGUOUS
Ex*ig"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. exiguus.]

Defn: Scanty; small; slender; diminutive. [R.] "Exiguous resources."
Carlyle.
 -- Ex*ig"uous*ness, n. [R.]

EXILE
Ex"ile, n. Etym: [OE. exil, fr. L. exilium, exsilium, fr. exsuil one
who quits, or is banished from, his native soil; ex out + solum
ground, land, soil, or perh. fr.the root of salire to leap, spring;
cf. F. exil. Cf. Sole of the foot, Saltation.]

1. Forced separation from one's native country; expulsion from one's
home by the civil authority; banishment; sometimes, voluntary
separation from one's native country.
Let them be recalled from their exile. Shak.

2. The person expelled from his country by authority; also, one who
separates himself from his home.
Thou art in exile, and thou must not stay. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Banishment; proscription; expulsion.

EXILE
Ex"ile v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Exiling.]

Defn: To banish or expel from one's own country or home; to drive
away. "Exiled from eternal God." Tennyson.
Calling home our exiled friends abroad. Shak.

Syn.
 -- See Banish.

EXILE
Ex*ile", a. Etym: [L. exilis.]

Defn: Small; slender; thin; fine. [Obs.] "An exile sound." Bacon.

EXILEMENT
Ex"ile*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. exilement.]

Defn: Banishment. [R.] Sir. H. Wotton.

EXILIC
Ex*il"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to exile or banishment, esp. to that of the Jews in
Babylon. Encyc. Dict.

EXILITION
Ex`i*li"tion, n. Etym: [L. exsilire to spring from; ex out + salire
to spring, leap.]

Defn: A sudden springing or leaping out. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EXILITY
Ex*il"ity, n. Etym: [L. exilitas: cf. F. exilité. See Exile, a.]

Defn: Smallness; meagerness; slenderness; fineness, thinness. [R.]
Paley.

EXIMIOUS
Ex*im"ious a. Etym: [L. eximius taken out, i. e. select, fr. eximere
to take out. See Exempt.]

Defn: Select; choice; hence, extraordinary, excellent. [Obs.]
The eximious and arcane science of physic. Fuller.

EXINANITE
Ex*in"a*nite, v. t. Etym: [L. exinanitus, p. p. of exinanire; ex out
(intens.) + inanire to make empty, inanis, empty.]

Defn: To make empty; to render of no effect; to humble. [Obs.] Bp.
Pearson.

EXINANITION
Ex*in`a*ni"tion

Defn: n. [L. exinanitio.] An emptying; an enfeebling; exhaustion;
humiliation. [Obs.]
Fastings to the exinanition of spirits. Jer. Taylor.

EXIST
Ex*ist", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Existed; p. pr. & vb. n. Existing.]
Etym: [L. existere, exsistere, to step out or forth, emerge, appear,
exist; ex out + sistere to cause to stand, to set, put, place, stand
still, fr. stare to stand: cf. F. exister. See Stand.]

1. To be as a fact and not as a mode; to have an actual or real
being, whether material or spiritual.
Who now, alas! no more is missed Than if he never did exist. Swift.
To conceive the world . . . to have existed from eternity. South.

2. To be manifest in any manner; to continue to be; as, great evils
existed in his reign.

3. To live; to have life or the functions of vitality; as, men can
not exist water, nor fishes on land.

Syn.
 -- See Be.

EXISTENCE
Ex*ist"ence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. existence.]

1. The state of existing or being; actual possession of being;
continuance in being; as, the existence of body and of soul in union;
the separate existence of the soul; immortal existence.
The main object of our existence. Lubbock.

2. Continued or repeated manifestation; occurrence, as of events of
any kind; as, the existence of a calamity or of a state of war.
The existence therefore, of a phenomenon, is but another word for its
being perceived, or for the inferred possibility of perceiving it. J.
S. Mill.

3. That which exists; a being; a creature; an entity; as, living
existences.

EXISTENCY
Ex*ist"en*cy, n.

Defn: Existence. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

EXISTENT
Ex*ist"ent, a. Etym: [L. existens, -entis, p. pr. of existere. See
Exist.]

Defn: Having being or existence; existing; being; occurring now;
taking place.
The eyes and mind are fastened on objects which have no real being,
as if they were truly existent. Dryden.

EXISTENTIAL
Ex`is*ten"tial, a.

Defn: Having existence. [Archaic] Bp. Barlow. --Ex`is*ten"tial*ly,
adv. [Archaic]
Existentially as well as essentially intelligent. Colerige.

EXISTER
Ex*ist"er, n.

Defn: One who exists.

EXISTIBLE
Ex*ist"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of existence. Grew.

EXISTIMATION
Ex*is`ti*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. existimatio judgment, opinion, fr.
existimare to estimate. See Estimate.]

Defn: Esteem; opinion; reputation. [Obs.] Steele.

EXIT
Ex"it. Etym: [L., 3d pers. sing. pres. of exire to go out. See
Exeunt, Issue.]

Defn: He (or she ) goes out, or retires from view; as, exit Macbeth.

Note: The Latin words exit (he or she goes out), and exeunt ( they go
out), are used in dramatic writings to indicate the time of
withdrawal from the stage of one or more of the actors.

EXIT
Ex"it, n. Etym: [See 1st Exit.]

1. The departure of a player from the stage, when he has performed
his part.
They have their exits and their entrances. Shak.

2. Any departure; the act of quitting the stage of action or of life;
death; as, to make one's exit.
Sighs for his exit, vulgarly called death. Cowper.

3. A way of departure; passage out of a place; egress; way out.
Forcing he water forth thought its ordinary exists. Woodward.

EXITIAL; EXITIOUS
Ex*i"tial, Ex*i"tious, a. Etym: [L. exitialis, exitious, fr. exitium
a going out, a going to naught, i. e., ruin, fr.exire to go out: cf.
F. exitial.]

Defn: Destructive; fatal. [Obs.] "Exitial fevers." Harvey.

EX LIBRIS
Ex` li"bris. [L. ex from + libris books.]

Defn: An inscription, label, or the like, in a book indicating its
ownership; esp., a bookplate.

EXMOOR
Ex"moor, n.  [From Exmoor, a district in Somersetshire and
Devonshire.]

1. One of a breed of horned sheep of Devonshire, England, having
white legs and face and black nostrils. They are esp. valuable for
mutton.

2.  A breed of ponies native to the Exmoor district.

EXO; EXO-
Ex"o. Etym: [Gr. Ex-.]

Defn: A prefix signifying out of, outside; as in exocarp, exogen,
exoskeleton.

EXOCARDIAC; EXOCARDIAL
Ex`o*car"di*ac, Ex`o*car"di*al, a. Etym: [Exo- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated or arising outside of the heat; as, exocardial
murmurs; -- opposed to endocardiac.

EXOCARP
Ex"o*carp, n. Etym: [Exo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The outer portion of a fruit, as the flesh of a peach or the
rind of an orange. See Illust. of Drupe.

EXOCCIPITAL
Ex`oc*cip"i*tal, a. Etym: [Pref. ex- + occipital.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to a bone or region on each side of the great
foremen of the skull.
 -- n.

Defn: The exoccipital bone, which often forms a part of the occipital
in the adult, but is usually distinct in the young.

EXOCETUS; EXOCOETUS
Ex`o*ce"tus ( or ), Ex`ocoe"tus, n. Etym: [NL. exocetus, L. exocoetus
a fish that sleeps on the shore, Gr. (Zoöl)

Defn: A genus of fishes, including the common flying fishes. See
Flying fish.

EXOCULATE
Ex*oc"u*late, v. t. Etym: [L. exoculatus, p. p. of exoculare to
exoculate; ex out + oculus an eye.]

Defn: To deprive of eyes. [R.] W. C. Hazlitt.

EXODE
Ex"ode n. Etym: [L. exodium, Gr. exode. See Exodus.]

1. Departure; exodus; esp., the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt.
[Obs.] L. Coleman. Bolingbroke.

2. (Gr. Drama)

Defn: The final chorus; the catastrophe.

3. (Rom. Antig.)

Defn: An afterpiece of a comic description, either a farce or a
travesty.

EXODIC
Ex*od"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Exodus.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Conducting influences from the spinal cord outward; -- said of
the motor or efferent nerves. Opposed to esodic.

EXODIUM
Ex*o"di*um, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Exode.

EXODUS
Ex"o*dus, n. Etym: [L., the book of Exodus, Gr. Skr. a-sad to
approach.]

1. A going out; particularly (the Exodus), the going out or journey
of the Israelites from Egypt under the conduct of Moses; and hence,
any large migration from a place.

2. The second of the Old Testament, which contains the narrative of
the departure of the Israelites from Egypt.

EXODY
Ex"o*dy, n.

Defn: Exodus; withdrawal. [Obs.]
The time of the Jewish exody. Sir M. Hale.

EX-OFFICIAL
Ex`-of*fi"cial, a.

Defn: Proceeding from office or authority.

EX OFFICIO
Ex` of*fi"ci*o; pl. Ex officiis. Etym: [L.]

Defn: From office; by virtue, or as a consequence, of an office;
officially.

EXOGAMOUS
Ex*og"a*mous, a. Etym: [Exo- + Gr.

Defn: Relating to exogamy; marrying outside of the limits of one's
own tribe; -- opposed to endogenous.

EXOGAMY
Ex*og"a*my, n.

Defn: The custom, or tribal law, which prohibits marriage between
members of the same tribe; marriage outside of the tribe; -- opposed
to endogamy. Lubbock.

EXOGEN
Ex"o*gen, n. Etym: [Exo- + -gen: cf. F. exogène.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant belonging to one of the greater part of the vegetable
kingdom, and which the plants are characterized by having c wood
bark, and pith, the wood forming a layer between the other two, and
increasing, if at all, by the animal addition of a new layer to the
outside next to the bark. The leaves are commonly netted-veined, and
the number of cotyledons is two, or, very rarely, several in a whorl.
Cf. Endogen. Gray.

EXOGENETIC
Ex`o*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Arising or growing from without; exogenous.

EXOGENOUS
Ex*og"e*nous, a.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or having the character of, an exogen; -- the
opposite of endogenous.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Growing by addition to the exterior.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: Growing from previously ossified parts; -- opposed to
autogenous. Owen. Exogenous aneurism (Med.), an aneurism which is
produced by causes acting from without, as from injury.

EXOGYRA
Ex`o*gy"ra n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of Cretaceous fossil shells allied to oysters.

EXOLETE
Ex"o*lete, a. Etym: [L. exoletus, p. p. of exolescere to grow out,
grow out of use; ex out + olescere to grow.]

Defn: Obsolete; out of use; state; insipid. [Obs.]

EXOLUTION
Ex`o*lu"tion, n. Etym: [L. exolutio a release. See Exolve.]

Defn: See Exsolution. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EXOLVE
Ex*olve", v. t. Etym: [L. exolvere, exsolutum; ex out + solvere.]

Defn: To loose; to pay. [Obs.]

EXON
Ex"on, n. Etym: [NL., from E. Exe (Celt. uisge water) the name of a
river.]

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Exeter, in England.

EXON
Ex"on, n. Etym: [F. expect an under officer.]

Defn: An officer of the Yeomen of the Guard; an Exempt. [Eng.]

EXONERATE
Ex*on"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exonerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Exonerating.] Etym: [L. exoneratus, p. p. of exonerare to free from a
burden; ex out, from onerare to load, onus load. See Onerous.]

1. To unload; to disburden; to discharge. [Obs.]
All exonerate themselves into one common duct. Ray.

2. To relieve, in a moral sense, as of a charge, obligation, or load
of blame resting on one; to clear of something that lies upon
oppresses one, as an accusation or imputation; as, to exonerate one's
self from blame, or from the charge of avarice. Burke.

3. To discharge from duty or obligation, as a ball.

Syn. - To absolve; acquit; exculpate. See Absolve.

EXONERATION
Ex*on`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. exoneratio: cf. F. Exonération.]

Defn: The act of disburdening, discharging, or freeing morally from a
charge or imputation; also, the state of being disburdened or freed
from a charge.

EXONERATIVE
Ex*on"er*a*tive, a.

Defn: Freeing from a burden or obligation; tending to exonerate.

EXONERATOR
Ex*on"er*a`tor, n. Etym: [L., an unloader.]

Defn: One who exonerates or frees from obligation.

EXOPHTHALMIA
Ex`oph*thal"mi*a, n. Etym: [Nl.,fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The protrusion of the eyeball so that the eyelids will not
cover it, in consequence of disease.

EXOPHTHALMIC
Ex`oph*thal"mic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or characterized by, exophthalmia.
Exophthalmic golter. Same as Rasedow's disease.

EXOPHTHALMOS; EXOPHTHALMUS
Ex`oph*thal"mos, Ex`oph*thal"mus (, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Same as Exophthalmia.

EXOPHTHALMY
Ex`oph*thal"my, n. (Med.)

Defn: Exophthalmia.

EXOPHYLLOUS
Ex*oph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Exo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Not sheathed in another leaf.

EXOPLASM
Ex"o*plasm, n. Etym: [Exo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: See Ectosarc, and Ectoplasm.

EXOPODITE
Ex*op"o*dite, n. Etym: [Exo- + Gr. (Zoöl)

Defn: The external branch of the appendages of Crustacea.

EXOPTABLE
Ex*op"ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. exoptabilis.]

Defn: Very desirable. [Obs.] Bailey.

EXOPTILE
Ex*op"tile, n. Etym: [F., fr.Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given by Lestiboudois to dicotyledons; -- so called
because the plumule is naked.

EXORABLE
Ex"o*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. exorabilis: cf. F. exorable. See Exorate.]

Defn: Capable of being moved by entreaty; pitiful; tender. Milton.

EXORATE
Ex"o*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. exoratus, p. p. of exorare to gain by
entreaty; ex out, from + orare to pay.]

Defn: To persuade, or to gain, by entreaty. [Obs.] Cockeram.

EXORATION
Ex`o*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. exoratio.]

Defn: Entreaty. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

EXORBITANCE; EXORBITANCY
Ex*or"bi*tance, Ex*or"bi*tan*cy,, n.

Defn: A going out of or beyond the usual or due limit; hence,
enormity; extravagance; gross deviation from rule, right, or
propriety; as, the exorbitances of the tongue or of deportment;
exorbitance of demands. "a curb to your exorbitancies." Dryden.
The lamentable exorbitances of their superstitions. Bp. Hall.

EXORBITANT
Ex*or"bi*tant, a. Etym: [L. exorbitans, -antis, p. pr. of exorbitare
to go out of the track; ex out + orbita track: cf. F. exorbitant. See
Orbit.]

1. Departing from an orbit or usual track; hence, deviating from the
usual or due course; going beyond the appointed rules or established
limits of right or propriety; excessive; extravagant; enormous;
inordinate; as, exorbitant appetites and passions; exorbitant
charges, demands, or claims.
Foul exorbitant desires. Milton.

2. Not comprehended in a settled rule or method; anomalous.
The Jews . . . [were] inured with causes exorbitant, and such as
their laws had not provided for. Hooker.

EXORBITANTLY
Ex*or"bi*tant*ly, adv.

Defn: In an exorbitant, excessive, or irregular manner; enormously.

EXORBITATE
Ex*or"bi*tate, v. i. Etym: [L.exorbitatus, p.p. of exorbitare. See
Exorbitant.]

Defn: To go out of the track; to deviate. [Obs.] Bentley.

EXORCISE
Ex"or*cise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exorcised ; p. pr. & vb. n.
Exorcising .] Etym: [L. exorcizare, Gr. exorciser.]

1. To cast out, as a devil, evil spirits, etc., by conjuration or
summoning by a holy name, or by certain ceremonies; to expel (a
demon) or to conjure (a demon) to depart out of a person possessed by
one.
He impudently excorciseth devils in the church. Prynne.

2. To deliver or purify from the influence of an evil spirit or
demon.
Exorcise the beds and cross the walls. Dryden.
Mr. Spectator . . . do all you can to exorcise crowds who are . . .
processed as I am. Spectator.

EXORCISER
Ex"or*ci`ser, n.

Defn: An exorcist.

EXORCISM
Ex"or*cism, n. Etym: [L. exorcismus, Gr. ; cf. F. exorcisme.]

1. The act of exorcising; the driving out of evil spirits from
persons or places by conjuration; also, the form of conjuration used.

2. Conjuration for raising spirits. [R.] Shak.

EXORCIST
Ex"or*cist, n. Etym: [L. exorcista, Gr. exorciste.]

1. One who expels evil spirits by conjuration or exorcism.
Certain of the vagabond Jews, exorcists. Acts xix. 13.

2. A conjurer who can raise spirits. [R.]
Thou, like an exorcist, hast conjured up My mortified spirit. Shak.

EXORDIAL
Ex*or"di*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the exordium of a discourse: introductory.
The exordial paragraph of the second epistle. I. Taylor.

EXORDIUM
Ex*or"di*um, n.; pl. E. Exordiums, L. Exordia . Etym: [L. fr.
exordiri to begin a web, lay a warp, begin; ex out + ordiri to begin
a web, begin; akin to E. order. See Order.]

Defn: A beginning; an introduction; especially, the introductory part
of a discourse or written composition, which prepares the audience
for the main subject; the opening part of an oration. "The exordium
of repentance." Jer. Taylor. "Long prefaces and exordiums. " Addison.

EXORHIZA
Ex`o*rhi"za, n.; pl. Exorhize. Etym: [NL. fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant Whose radicle is not inclosed or sheathed by the
cotyledons or plumule. Gray.

EXORHIZAL; EXORHIZOUS
Ex`o*rhi"zal, Ex`o*rhi`zous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a radicle which is not inclosed by the cotyledons or
plumule; of or relating to an exorhiza.

EXORNATION
Ex`or*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. exornatio, fr. exornare. See Ornate.]

Defn: Ornament; decoration; embellishment. [Obs.]
Hyperbolical exornations . . . many much affect. Burton.

EXORTIVE
Ex*or`tive, a. Etym: [L. exortivus, fr. exortus a coming forth,
rising; ex out + orivi to rise, come forth.]

Defn: Rising; relating to the east. [R.]

EXOSCULATE
Ex*os"cu*late, v. t. Etym: [L. exosculatus, p. p. of exosculari to
kiss. See Osculate.]

Defn: To kiss; especially, to kiss repeatedly or fondly. [Obs.]

EXOSKELETAL
Ex`o*skel"e*tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the exoskeleton; as exoskeletal muscles.

EXOSKELETON
Ex`o*skel"e*ton, n. Etym: [Exo- + skeleton] (Anat.)

Defn: The hardened parts of the external integument of an animal,
including hair, feathers, nails, horns, scales, etc.,as well as the
armor of armadillos and many reptiles, and the shells or hardened
integument of numerous invertebrates; external skeleton;
dermoskeleton.

EXOSMOSE
Ex"os*mose`, n. Etym: [Exo+osmose: cf. F. ezosmose.] (Physics)

Defn: The passage of gases, vapors, or liquids thought membranes or
porous media from within outward, in the phenomena of osmose; --
opposed to endosmose. See Osmose.

EXOSMOSIS
Ex`os*mo"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Exo-, and Osmose.] (Physics)

Defn: See Exosmose.

EXOSMOTIC
Ex`os*mot`ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to exosmose.

EXOSPORE
Ex`o*spore, n. Etym: [Exo+spote.] (Biol.)

Defn: The extreme outer wall of a spore; the epispore.

EXOSSATE
Ex*os"sate, v. t. Etym: [L. exossatus, p. p. of exossare to bone ,
fr. exos without bones; ex out + os, ossis, bone.]

Defn: To deprive of bones; to take out the bones of; to bone. [Obs.]
Bailey.

EXOSSATION
Ex`os*sa"tion, n.

Defn: A depriving of bone or of fruit stones. [Obs.] Bacon.

EXOSSEOUS
Ex*os"seous, a. Etym: [Ex + osseous.]

Defn: Boneless. "Exosseous animals. " Sir T. Browne.

EXOSTOME
Ex"o*stome, n. Etym: [Exo- + Gr. exostome.] (Bot.)

Defn: The small aperture or foremen in the outer coat of the ovule of
a plant.

EXOSTOSIS
Ex`os*to"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. exostose.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Any protuberance of a bone which is not natural; an excrescence
or morbid enlargement of a bone. Coxe.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A knot formed upon or in the wood of trees by disease.

EXOTERIC; EXOTERICAL
Ex`o*ter"ic, Ex`o*ter"ic*al a. Etym: [L. exotericus, Gr. exotérique.
See Ex-]

Defn: External; public; suitable to be imparted to the public; hence,
capable of being readily or fully comprehended; -- opposed to
esoteric, or secret.
The foppery of an exoteric and esoteric doctrine. De Quincey.

EXOTERICS
Ex`o*ter`ics, n. pl. (Philos.)

Defn: The public lectures or published writings of Aristotle. See
Esoterics.

EXOTERY
Ex"o*ter*y, n.; pl. Exoteries (-.

Defn: That which is obvious, public, or common.
Dealing out exoteries only to the vulgar. A. Tucker.

EXOTHECA
Ex`o*the"ca, n. Etym: [Nl., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tissue which fills the interspaces between the costæ of
many madreporarian corals, usually consisting of small transverse or
oblique septa.

EXOTHECIUM
Ex`o*the"cium, n. Etym: [NL. See Exotheca.] (Bot.)

Defn: The outer coat of the anther.

EXOTHERMIC
Ex`o*ther"mic, a. [Pref. exo-+ thermic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Characterized by, or formed with, evolution of heat; as, an
exothermic reaction; -- opposed to endothermic.

EXOTIC
Ex*ot"ic, a. Etym: [L. exoticus, Gr. exotique. See Exoteric.]

Defn: Introduced from a foreign country; not native; extraneous;
foreign; as, an exotic plant; an exotic term or word.
Nothing was so splendid and exotic as the ambassador. Evelyn.

EXOTIC
Ex*ot"ic, n.

Defn: Anything of foreign origin; something not of native growth, as
a plant, a word, a custom.
Plants that are unknown to Italy, and such as the gardeners call
exotics. Addison.

EXOTICAL
Ex*ot"ic*al, a.

Defn: Foreign; not native; exotic. [R.] -- Ex*ot"ic*al*ness, n.

EXOTICISM
Ex*ot"i*cism, n.

Defn: The state of being exotic; also, anything foreign, as a word or
idiom; an exotic.

EXPAND
Ex*pand", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Expanding.]
Etym: [L. expandere, expansum; ex out + pandere to spread out, to
throw open; perh. akin to E. patent. Cf. Spawn.]

1. To lay open by extending; to open wide; to spread out; to diffuse;
as, a flower expands its leaves.
Then with expanded wings he steers his flight. Milton.

2. To cause the particles or parts of to spread themselves or stand
apart, thus increasing bulk without addition of substance; to make to
occupy more space; to dilate; to distend; to extend every way; to
enlarge; -- opposed to Ant: contract; as, to expand the chest; heat
expands all bodies; to expand the sphere of benevolence.

3. (Math.)

Defn: To state in enlarged form; to develop; as, to expand an
equation. See Expansion, 5.

EXPAND
Ex*pand", v. i.

Defn: To become widely opened, spread apart, dilated, distended, or
enlarged; as, flowers expand in the spring; metals expand by heat;
the heart expands with joy. Dryden.

EXPANDER
Ex*pand"er, n.

Defn: Anything which causes expansion esp. (Mech.) a tool for
stretching open or expanding a tube, etc.

EXPANDING
Ex*pand"ing, a.

Defn: That expands, or may be expanded; extending; spreading;
enlarging. Expanding bit, Expanding drill (Mech.), a bit or drill
made adjustable for holes of various sizes; one which can be expanded
in diameter while boring.
 -- Expanding pulley (Mach.), a pulley so made, as in sections, that
its diameter can be increased or diminished.

EXPANSE
Ex*panse", n. Etym: [From L. expansus, p. p. of expandere. See
Expand.]

Defn: That which is expanded or spread out; a wide extent of space or
body; especially, the arch of the sky. "The green expanse." Savage.
Lights . . . high in the expanse of heaven. Milton.
The smooth expanse of crystal lakes. Pope.

EXPANSE
Ex*panse", v. t.

Defn: To expand. [Obs.]
That lies expansed unto the eyes of all. Sir. T. Browne.

EXPANSIBILITY
Ex*pan`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The capacity of being expanded; as, the expansibility of air.

EXPANSIBLE
Ex*pan"si*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. expansible.]

Defn: Capable of being expanded or spread out widely.
Bodies are not expansible in proposition to their weight.
Ex*pab"si*ble*ness ,n. -Ex*pan"si*bly ,adv.

EXPANSILE
Ex*pan"sile, a.

Defn: Expansible.
Ether and alcohol are more expansile than water. Brande & C.

EXPANSION
Ex*pan"sion, n. Etym: [L. expansio: cf. F. expansion.]

1. The act of expanding or spreading out; the condition of being
expanded; dilation; enlargement.

2. That which is expanded; expanse; extend surface; as the expansion
of a sheet or of a lake; the expansion was formed of metal.
The starred expansion of the skies. Beattie.

3. Space thought which anything is expanded; also, pure space.
Lost in expansion, void and infinite. Blackmore.

4. (Com.)

Defn: Enlargement or extension of business transaction; esp.,
increase of the circulation of bank notes.

5. (Math.)

Defn: The developed result of an indicated operation; as, the
expansion of (a + b)2 is a2 + 2ab + b2.

6. (Steam Ebgine)

Defn: The operation of steam in a cylinder after its communication
with the boiler has been cut off, by which it continues to exert
pressure upon the moving piston.

7. (Nav. Arch.)

Defn: The enlargement of the ship mathematically from a model or
drawing to the full or building size, in the process of construction.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Note: Expansion is also used adjectively, as in expansion joint,
expansion gear, etc. Expansion curve, a curve the coördinates of
which show the relation between the pressure and volume of expanding
gas or vapor; esp. (Steam engine), that part of an indicator diagram
which shows the declining pressure of the steam as it expands in the
cylinder.
 -- Expansion gear (Stream Engine). a cut-off gear. See Illust. of
Link motion.
 -- Automatic expansion gear or cut-off, one that is regulated by the
governor, and varies the supply of steam to the engine with the
demand for power.
 -- Fixed expansion gear, or Fixed cut-off, one that always operates
at the same fixed point of the stroke.
 -- Expansion joint, or Expansion coupling (Mech. & Engin.), a
yielding joint or coupling for so uniting parts of a machine or
structure that expansion, as by heat, is prevented from causing
injurious strains; as by heat, is prevented from causing injurious
strains; as: (a) A side or set of rollers, at the end of bridge
truss, to support it but allow end play. (b) A telescopic joint in a
steam pipe, to permit one part of the pipe to slide within the other.
(c) A clamp for holding a locomotive frame to the boiler while
allowing lengthwise motion.
 -- Expansion valve (Steam Engine), a cut-off valve, to shut off
steam from the cylinder before the end of each stroke.

EXPANSIVE
Ex*pan"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. expansif.]

Defn: Having a capacity or tendency to expand or dilate; diffusive;
of much expanse; wide-extending; as, the expansive force of heat; the
expansive quality of air.
A more expansive and generous compassion. Eustace.
His forehead was broad and expansive. Prescott.
-- Ex*pan"sive*ly, adv. -Ex*pan"sive*ness, n.

EXPANSURE
Ex*pan"sure (shur; 135), n.

Defn: Expanse. [Obs.] "Night's rich expansure."

EX PARTE
Ex` par"te. Etym: [L. See Ex-, and Part.]

Defn: Upon or from one side only; one-sided; partial; as, an ex parte
statement. Ex parte application, one made without notice or
opportunity to oppose.
 -- Ex parte council, one that assembles at the request of only one
of the parties in dispute.
 -- Ex parte hearing or evidence (Law), that which is had or taken by
one side or party in the absence of the other. Hearings before grand
juries, and affidavits, are ex parte. Wharton's Law Dict. Burrill.

EXPATIATE
Ex*pa"ti*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Expatiated;p. pr. & vb. n.
Expariating.] Etym: [L. expatiatus, exspatiatus, p. p. of expatiari,
exspatiari, to expatiate; ex out + spatiari to walk about spread out,
fr. spatium space. See Space.]

1. To range at large, or without restraint.
Bids his free soul expatiate in the skies. Pope.

2. To enlarge in discourse or writing; to be copious in argument or
discussion; to descant.
He expatiated on the inconveniences of trade. Addison.

EXPATIATE
Ex*pa"ti*ate, v. t.

Defn: To expand; to spread; to extend; to diffuse; to broaden.
Afford art an ample field in which to expatiate itself. Dryden.

EXPATIATION
Ex*pa`ti*a"tion, n.

Defn: Act of expatiating.

EXPATIATORY
Ex*pa"ti*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Expansive; diffusive. [R.]

EXPATRIATE
Ex*pa"tri*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expatriated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Expatriating.] Etym: [LL. expatriatus, p. p. of expatriare; L. ex out
+ patria fatherland, native land, fr. pater father. See Patriot.]

1. To banish; to drive or force (a person) from his own country; to
make an exile of.
The expatriated landed interest of France. Burke.

2. Reflexively, as To expatriate one's self: To withdraw from one's
native country; to renounce the rights and liabilities of citizenship
where one is born, and become a citizen of another country.

EXPATRIATION
Ex*pa`tri*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. expatriation.]

Defn: The act of banishing, or the state of banishment; especially,
the forsaking of one's own country with a renunciation of allegiance.
Expatriation was a heavy ransom to pay for the rights of their minds
and souls. Palfrey.

EXPECT
Ex*pect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expected; p. pr. & vb. n. Expecting.]
Etym: [L. expectatum, to look out for, await, expect; ex + out
spectare to look at. See Spectacle.]

1. To wait for; to await. [Obs.]
Let's in, and there expect their coming. Shak.

2. To look for (mentally); to look forward to, as to something that
is believed to be about to happen or come; to have a previous
apprehension of, whether of good or evil; to look for with some
confidence; to anticipate; -- often followed by an infinitive,
sometimes by a clause (with, or without, that); as I expect to
receive wages; I expect that the troops will be defeated. "Good: I
will expect you." Shak. "Expecting thy reply." Shak.
The Somersetshire or yellow regiment . . . was expected to arrive on
the following day. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- To anticipate; look for; await; hope.
 -- To Expect, Think, Believe, Await. Expect is a mental act and has
aways a reference to the future, to some coming event; as a person
expects to die, or he expects to survive. Think and believe have
reference to the past and present, as well as to the future; as I
think the mail has arrived; I believe he came home yesterday, that he
is he is at home now. There is a not uncommon use of expect, which is
a confusion of the two; as, I expect the mail has arrived; I expect
he is at home. This misuse should be avoided. Await is a physical or
moral act. We await that which, when it comes, will affect us
personally. We expect what may, or may not, interest us personally.
See Anticipate.

EXPECT
Ex*pect", v. t.

Defn: To wait; to stay. [Obs.] Sandys.

EXPECT
Ex*pect", n.

Defn: Expectation. [Obs.] Shak.

EXPECTABLE
Ex*pect"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. expectabilis.]

Defn: That may be expected or looked for. Sir T. Browne.

EXPECTANCE; EXPECTANCY
Ex*pect"ance, Ex*pect"an*cy, n.

1. The act of expecting ; expectation. Milton.

2. That which is expected, or looked or waited for with interest; the
object of expectation or hope.
The expectancy and rose of the fair state. Shak.
Estate in expectancy (Law), one the possession of which a person is
entitled to have at some future time, either as a remainder or
reversion, or on the death of some one. Burrill.

EXPECTANT
Ex*pect"ant, a. Etym: [L.expectans, exspectans, p.pr. of expectare,
exspectare: cf. F. expectant.]

Defn: Waiting in expectation; looking for; (Med.)

Defn: waiting for the efforts of nature, with little active
treatment. Expectant estate (Law), an estate in expectancy. See under
Expectancy.

EXPECTANT
Ex*pect"ant, n.

Defn: One who waits in expectation; one held in dependence by hope of
receiving some good.
An expectant of future glory. South.
Those who had employments, or were expectants. Swift.

EXPECTATION
Ex`pec*ta"tion n. Etym: [L. expectio. exspectio: cf. F. expectation.]

1. The act or state of expecting or looking forward to an event as
about to happen. "In expectation of a guest." Tennyson.
My soul, wait thou only upon God, for my expectation is from him. Ps.
lxii. 5.

2. That which is expected or looked for.
Why our great expectation should be called The seed of woman. Milton.

3. The prospect of the future; grounds upon which something excellent
is expected to happen; prospect of anything good to come, esp. of c
or rank.
His magnificent expiations made him, in the opinion of the world, the
best much in Europe. Prescott.
By all men's eyes a youth of expectations. Otway.

4. The value of any chance (as the prospect of prize or property)
which depends upon some contingent event. Expectations are computed
for or against the occurrence of the event.

5. (Med.)

Defn: The leaving of the disease principally to the efforts of nature
to effect a cure. Expectation of life, the mean or average duration
of the life individuals after any specified age.

Syn.
 -- Anticipation; confidence; trust.

EXPECTATIVE
Ex*pect"a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. expectatif.]

Defn: Constituting an object of expectation; contingent. Expectative
grace, a mandate given by the pope or a prince appointing a successor
to any benefice before it becomes vacant. Foxe.

EXPECTATIVE
Ex*pect"a*tive, n. Etym: [F. expectative, fr. expectatif expectant.]

Defn: Something in expectation; esp., an expectative grace. Milman.

EXPECTEDLY
Ex*pect"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In conformity with expectation. [R.] Walpole.

EXPECTER
Ex*pect"er, n.

Defn: One who expects.

EXPECTINGLY
Ex*pect"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In state of expectation.

EXPECTIVE
Ex*pect"ive, a.

Defn: Expectative. [R.] Shipley.

EXPECTORANT
Ex*pec"to*rant, a. Etym: [L. expectorans, p. pr. of expectorare to
drive from the breast: cf. F. expectorant.] (Med.)

Defn: Tending to facilitate expectoration or to promote discharges of
mucus, etc., from the lungs or throat.
 -- n.

Defn: An expectorant medicine.

EXPECTORATE
Ex*pec"to*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expectorated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Expectorating.] Etym: [L. expecrorare to drive from the breast; ex
out + pectus, pectiris, breast. See Pectoral.]

Defn: To eject from the trachea or lungs; to discharge, as phlegm or
other matter, by coughing, hawking, and spitting; to spit forth.

EXPECTORATE
Ex*pec"to*rate, v. i.

Defn: To discharge matter from the lungs or throat bu hawking and
spitting; to spit.

EXPECTORATION
Ex*pec`to*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. expectoration.]

1. The act of ejecting phlegm or mucus from the throat or lungs, by
coughing, hawking, and spitting.

2. That which is expectorated, as phlegm or mucus.

EXPECTORATIVE
Ex*pec"to*ra*tive, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Expectorant. Harvey.

EXPEDE
Ex*pede" v. t.

Defn: To expedite; to hasten. [Obs.]

EXPEDIATE
Ex*pe"di*ate, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. expédier. See Expedite.]

Defn: To hasten; to expedite. [Obs.] "To expediate their business."
Sir E. Sandys.

EXPEDIENCE; EXPEDIENCY
Ex*pe"di*ence, Ex*pe"di*en*cy,, n.

1. The quality of being expedient or advantageous; fitness or
suitableness to effect a purpose intended; adaptedness to self-
interest; desirableness; advantage; advisability; -- sometimes
contradistinguished from moral rectitude.
Divine wisdom discovers no expediency in vice. Cogan.
To determine concerning the expedience of action. Sharp.
Much declamation may be heard in the present day against expediency,
as if it were not the proper object of a deliberative assembly, and
as if it were only pursued by the unprincipled. Whately.

2. Expedition; haste; dispatch. [Obs.]
Making hither with all due expedience. Shak.

3. An expedition; enterprise; adventure. [Obs.]
Forwarding this dear expedience. Shak.

EXPEDIENT
Ex*pe"di*ent a. Etym: [L. expediens, -entis, p. pr. of expedire to be
expedient, release, extricate: cf. F. expédient. See Expedite.]

1. Hastening or forward; hence, tending to further or promote a
proposed object; fit or proper under the circumstances; conducive to
self-interest; desirable; advisable; advantageous; -- sometimes
contradistinguished from right.
It is expedient for you that I go away. John xvi. 7.
Nothing but the right can ever be expedient, since that can never be
true expediency which would sacrifice a greater good to a less.
Whately.

2. Quick; expeditious. [Obs.]
His marches are expedient to this town. Shak.

EXPEDIENT
Ex*pe"di*ent, n.

1. That which serves to promote or advance; suitable means to
accomplish an end.
What sure expedient than shall Juno find, To calm her fears and ease
her boding mind Philips.

2. Means devised in an exigency; shift.

Syn.
 -- Shift; contrivance; resource; substitute.

EXPEDIENTIAL
Ex*pe`di*en"tial

Defn: . Governed by expediency; seeking advantage; as an expediential
policy. "Calculating, expediential understanding." Hare.
 -- Ex*pe`di*en"tial*ly , adv.

EXPEDIENTLY
Ex*pe"di*ent*ly adv.

1. In an expedient manner; fitly; suitably; conveniently.

2. With expedition; quickly. [Obs.]

EXPEDIMENT
Ex*ped"i*ment n.

Defn: An expedient. [Obs.]
A like expediment to remove discontent. Barrow.

EXPEDITATE
Ex*ped"i*tate, v. t. Etym: [LL. expeditatus, p. p. of expeditare to
expeditate; ex out + pes, pedis, foot.] (Eng. Forest Laws)

Defn: To deprive of the claws or the balls of the fore feet; as, to
expeditate a dog that he may not chase deer.

EXPEDITE
Ex"pe*dite, a. Etym: [L. expeditus, p. p. of expedire to free one
caught by the foot, to extricate, set free, bring forward, make
ready; ex out + pes, prdis, t. See Foot.]

1. Free of impediment; unimpeded.
To make the way plain and expedite. Hooker.

2. Expeditious; quick; speedily; prompt.
Nimble and expedite . . . in its operation. Tollotson.
Speech is a very short and expedite way of conveying their thoughts.
Locke.

EXPEDITE
Ex"pe*dite, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expedited;p. pr. & vb. n.
Expediting.]

1. To relieve of impediments; to facilitate; to accelerate the
process or progress of; to hasten; to quicken; as, to expedite the
growth of plants.
To expedite your glorious march. Milton.

2. To despatch; to send forth; to issue officially.
Such charters be expedited of course. Bacon.

EXPEDITELY
Ex"pe*dite`ly, adv.

Defn: In expedite manner; expeditiously.

EXPEDITENESS
Ex"pe*dite`ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being expedite.

EXPEDITION
Ex`pe*di"tion, n. Etym: [L. expeditio: cf.F. expédition.]

1. The quality of being expedite; efficient promptness; haste;
dispatch; speed; quickness; as to carry the mail with expedition.
With winged expedition
Swift as the lightning glance.

2. A sending forth or setting forth the execution of some object of
consequence; progress.
Putting it straight in expedition.

3. An important enterprise, implying a change of place; especially, a
warlike enterprise; a march or a voyage with martial intentions; an
excursion by a body of persons for a valuable end; as, a military,
naval, exploring, or scientific expedition; also, the body of persons
making such excursion.
The expedition miserably failed. Prescott.
Narrative of the exploring expedition to the Rocky Mountains. J. C.
Fremont.

EXPEDITIONARY
Ex`pe*di"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an expedition; as, an expeditionary force.

EXPEDITIONIST
Ex`pe*di"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who goes upon an expedition. [R].

EXPEDITIOUS
Ex`pe*di"tious, a.

Defn: Possessed of, or characterized by, expedition, or efficiency
and rapidity in action; performed with, or acting with, expedition;
quick; having celerity; speedily; as, an expeditious march or
messenger.
 -- Ex`pe*di"tious*ly, adv.
 -- Ex`pe*di"tious*ness, n.

Syn.
 -- Prompt; ready; speedy; alert. See Prompt.

EXPEDITIVE
Ex*ped"i*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. expéditif.]

Defn: Performing with speed. [Obs.] Bacon.

EXPEL
Ex*pel", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expelled, p. pr. & vb. n.. Expelling.]
Etym: [L. expellere, expulsum; ex out + pellere to drive: cf.F.
expeller. See Pulse a beat.]

1. To drive or force out from that within which anything is
contained, inclosed, or situated; to eject; as to expel air from a
bellows.
Did not ye . . . expel me out of my father's house
Judg. Xi. 7.

2. To drive away from one's country; to banish.
Forewasted all their land, and them expelled. Spenser.
.
He shell expel them from before you . . . and ye shell possess their
land. Josh. xxiii. 5.

3. To cut off from further connection with an institution of
learning, a society, and the like; as, to expel a student or member.

4. To keep out, off, or away; to exclude. "To expel the winter's
flaw." Shak.

5. To discharge; to shoot. [Obs.]
Then he another and another [shaft] did expel. Spenser.
.

Syn.
 -- To banish; exile; eject; drive out. See Banish.

EXPELLABLE
Ex*pel"la*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being expelled or driven out. "Expellable by heat."
Kirwan.

EXPELLER
Ex*pel"ler, n.

Defn: One who. or that which, expels.

EXPEND
Ex*pend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expended; p. pr. & vb. n. Expending.]
Etym: [L. expendere, expensum, to weigh out, pay out, lay out, lay
out; ex out + pendere to weigh. See Poise, and cf. Spend.]

Defn: To lay out, apply, or employ in any way; to consume by use; to
use up or distribute, either in payment or in donations; to spend;
as, they expend money for food or in charity; to expend time labor,
and thought; to expend hay in feeding cattle, oil in a lamp, water in
mechanical operations.
If my death might make this island happy . . . I would expend it with
all willingness. Shak.

EXPEND
Ex*pend", v. i.

1. To be laid out, used, or consumed.

2. To pay out or disburse money.
They go elsewhere to enjoy and to expend. Macaulay
.

EXPENDITOR
Ex*pend"i*tor, n. Etym: [LL.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A disburser; especially, one of the disbursers of taxes for the
repair of sewers. Mozley & W.

EXPENDITURE
Ex*pend"iture, n.

1. The act of expending; a laying out, as of money; disbursement.
our expenditure purchased commerce and conquest. Burke.

2. That which is expended or paid out; expense.
The receipts and expenditures of this extensive country. A. Hamilton.

EXPENSE
Ex*pense", n. Etym: [L. expensa (sc. pecunia), or expensum, fr.
expensus, p. p. of expendere. See Expend.]

1. A spending or consuming; disbursement; expenditure.
Husband nature's riches from expense. Shak.

2. That which is expended, laid out, or consumed; cost; outlay;
charge; -- sometimes with the notion of loss or damage to those on
whom the expense falls; as, the expenses of war; an expense of time.
Courting popularity at his party's expense. Brougham.

3. Loss. [Obs.] Shak.
And moan the expense of many a vanished sight. Spenser.
Expense magazine (Mil.), a small magazine containing ammunition for
immediate use. H. L. Scott.

EXPENSEFULL
Ex*pense"full, a.

Defn: Full of expense; costly; chargeable. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.
 -- Ex*pense"ful*ly, adv. [R.] -- Ex*pense"ful*ness, n. [R.]

EXPENSELESS
Ex*pense"less, a.

Defn: Without cost or expense.

EXPENSIVE
Ex*pen"sive, a.

1. Occasioning expense; calling for liberal outlay; costly; dear;
liberal; as, expensive dress; an expensive house or family.
War is expensive, and peace desirable. Burke.

2. Free in expending; very liberal; especially, in a bad scene;
extravagant; lavish. [R.]
An active, expensive, indefatigable goodness. Sprat.
The idle and expensive are dangerous. Sir W. Temple.

Syn.
 -- Costly; dear; high-priced; lavish; extravagant.
 -- Ex*pen"sive*ly, adv.
 -- Ex*pen"sive*ness, n.

EXPERIENCE
Ex*pe"ri*ence, n. Etym: [F. expérience, L. experientia, tr.
experiens, , p. pr. of experiri, expertus, to try; ex out + the root
of pertus experienced. See Peril, and cf. Expert.]

1. Trial, as a test or experiment. [Obs.]
She caused him to make experience Upon wild beasts. Spenser.

2. The effect upon the judgment or feelings produced by any event,
whether witnessed or participated in; personal and direct impressions
as contrasted with description or fancies; personal acquaintance;
actual enjoyment or suffering. "Guided by other's experiences." Shak.
I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided, and that is the lamp
of experience. P. Henry
To most men experience is like the stern lights of a ship, which
illumine only the track it has passed. Coleridge.
When the consuls . . . came in . . . they knew soon by experience how
slenderly guarded against danger the majesty of rulers is where force
is wanting. Holland.
Those that undertook the religion of our Savior upon his preaching,
had no experience of it. Sharp.

3. An act of knowledge, one or more, by which single facts or general
truths are ascertained; experimental or inductive knowledge; hence,
implying skill, facility, or practical wisdom gained by personal
knowledge, feeling or action; as, a king without experience of war.
Whence hath the mind all the materials of reason and knowledge To
this I answer in one word, from experience. Locke.
Experience may be acquired in two ways; either, first by noticing
facts without any attempt to influence the frequency of their
occurrence or to vary the circumstances under which they occur; this
is observation; or, secondly, by putting in action causes or agents
over which we have control, and purposely varying their combinations,
and noticing what effects take place; this is experiment. Sir J.
Herschel.

EXPERIENCE
Ex*pe"ri*ence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Experienced (-enst); p. pr. & vb.
n. Experiencing (-en-sng).]

1. To make practical acquaintance with; to try personally; to prove
by use or trial; to have trial of; to have the lot or fortune of; to
have befall one; to be affected by; to feel; as, to experience pain
or pleasure; to experience poverty; to experience a change of views.
The partial failure and disappointment which he had experienced in
India. Thirwall.

2. To exercise; to train by practice.
The youthful sailors thus with early care
Their arms experience, and for sea prepare. Harte.
To experience religion (Theol.), to become a convert to the diatribes
of Christianity; to yield to the power of religions truth.

EXPERIENCED
Ex*pe"ri*enced (-enst), p. p. & a.

Defn: Taught by practice or by repeated observations; skillful or
wise by means of trials, use, or observation; as, an experienced
physician, workman, soldier; an experienced eye.
The ablest and most experienced statesmen. Bancroft.

EXPERIENCER
Ex*pe"ri*en*cer (-en-sr), n.

1. One who experiences.

2. An experimenter. [Obs.] Sir. K. Gigby.

EXPERIENCE TABLE
Ex*pe"ri*ence ta"ble. (Life Insurance)

Defn: A table of mortality computed from the experience of one or
more life-insurance companies.

EXPERIENT
Ex*pe"ri*ent (-ent), a.

Defn: Experienced. [Obs.]
The prince now ripe and full experient. Beau & Fl.

EXPERIENTIAL
Ex*pe`ri*en"tial, a.

Defn: Derived from, or pertaining to, experience. Coleridge.
It is called empirical or experiential . . . because it is divan to
us by experience or observation, and not obtained as the result of
inference or reasoning. Sir. W. Hamiltion.
-- Ex*pe`ri*en"tial*ly, adv. DR. H. More.

EXPERIENTIALISM
Ex*pe`ri*en"tial*ism, n. (Philos.)

Defn: The doctrine that experience, either that ourselves or of
others, is the test or criterion of general knowledge; -- opposed to
intuitionists.
Experientialism is in short, a philosophical or logical theory, not a
philosophical one. G. C. Robertson.

EXPERIENTIALIST
Ex*pe`ri*en"tial*ist, n.

Defn: One who accepts the doctrine of experientialism. Also used
adjectively.

EXPERIMENT
Ex*per"i*ment, n. Etym: [L. experimentum, fr. experiri to try: cf.
OF. esperiment, experiment. See Experience.]

1. Atrial or special observation, made to confirm or disprove
something doubtful; esp., one under conditions determined by the
experimenter; an act or operation undertaken in order to discover
some unknown principle or effect, or to test, establish, or
illustrate some suggest or known truth; practical test; poof.
A political experiment can not be made in a laboratory, not
determinant in a few hours. J. Adams.

2. Experience. [Obs.]
Adam, by sad experiment I know How little weight my words with thee
can find. Milton.

EXPERIMENT
Ex*per"i*ment, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Experimented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Experinenting.]

Defn: To make experiment; to operate by test or trial; -- often with
on, upon, or in, referring to the subject of an experiment; with,
referring to the instrument; and by, referring to the means; as, to
experiment upon electricity; he experimented in plowing with ponies,
or by steam power.

EXPERIMENT
Ex*per"i*ment, v.t

Defn: , To try; to know, perceive, or prove, by trial experience.
[Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

EXPERIMENTAL
Ex*per`i*men"tal, a. Etym: [Cf.F. expérimental.]

1. Pertaining to experiment; founded on, or derived from, experiment
or trial; as, experimental science; given to, or skilled in,
experiment; as, an experimental philosopher.

2. Known by, or derived from, experience; as, experimental religion.

EXPERIMENTALIST
Ex*per`i*men"tal*ist, n.

Defn: One who makes experiments; an experimenter. Whaterly.

EXPERIMENTALIZE
Ex*per`i*men"tal*ize, v. i.

Defn: To make experiments (upon); to experiment. J. S. Mill.

EXPERIMENTALLY
Ex*per`i*men"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: By experiment; by experience or trial. J. S. Mill.

EXPERIMENTARIAN
Ex*per`i*men*ta"ri*an, a.

Defn: Relying on experiment or experience. "an experimentarian
philosopher." Boyle.
 -- n.

Defn: One who relies on experiment or experience. [Obs.]

EXPERIMENTATION
Ex*per`i*men*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of experimenting; practice by experiment. J. S. Mill.

EXPERIMENTATIVE
Ex*per`imen"ta*tive, a.

Defn: Experimental; of the nature of experiment. [R.]

EXPERIMENTATOR
Ex*per"i*men*ta`tor, n. Etym: [LL.]

Defn: An experimenter. [R.]

EXPERIMENTER
Ex*per"i*men`ter, n.

Defn: One who makes experiments; one skilled in experiments. Faraday.

EXPERIMENTIST
Ex*per"i*men`tist, n.

Defn: An experimenter.

EXPERRECTION
Ex`per*rec"tion, n. Etym: [L. expergisci, p. p. experrectus, to rose
up; ex out + pergere to wake up.]

Defn: A waking up or arousing. [Obs.] Holland

EXPERT
Ex*pert", a. Etym: [F. expert, L. expertus, p. p. of experiri to try.
See Experience.]

Defn: Taught by use, practice, or experience, experienced; having
facility of operation or performance from practice; knowing and ready
from much practice; clever; skillful; as, an expert surgeon; expert
in chess or archery.
A valiant and most expert gentleman. Shak.
What practice, howsoe'er expert In fitting aptest words to things . .
. Hath power to give thee as thou wert Tennison.

Syn.
 -- Adroit; dexterous; clever; ready; prompt.

EXPERT
Ex"pert, n.

1. An expert or experienced person; one instructed by experience; one
who has skill, experience, or extensive knowledge in his calling or
in any special branch of learning.

2. (Law)
(a) A specialist in a particular profession or department of science
requiring for its mastery peculiar culture and erudition.

Note: Such specialists may be witnesses in matters as to which
ordinary observers could not without such aid form just conclusions,
and are liable for negligence in case they injure another from want
of proper qualifications or proper care in the exercise of their
specialty.
(b) A sworn appraiser.

EXPERT
Ex*pert", v. t.

Defn: To experience. [Obs.]
Die would we daily, once it to expert. Spencer.

EXPERTLY
Ex*pert"ly, adv.

Defn: In a skillful or dexterous manner; adroitly; with readiness and
accuracy.

EXPERTNESS
Ex*pert"ness, n.

Defn: Skill derived from practice; readiness; as, expertness in
seamanship, or in reasoning.

Syn.
 -- Facility; readiness; dexterity; adroitness; skill. See Facility.

EXPETIBLE
Ex*pet"ible, a. Etym: [L., expetibilis, fr. expetere to wish for; ex
out + petere to seek.]

Defn: Worthy of being wished for; desirable. [Obs.] Puller.

EXPIABLE
Ex"pi*a*ble, a. Etym: [See Expiate.]

Defn: Capable of being expiated or atoned for; as, an expiable
offense; expiable guilt. Bp. Hall.

EXPIATE
Ex"pi*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expiated();p. pr. & vb. n.
Expiating().] Etym: [L. expiatus, p.p. of expiare to expiate; ex out
+ piare to seek to appease, to purify with sacred rites, fr. pius
pious. See Pious.]

1. To extinguish the guilt of by sufferance of penalty or some
equivalent; to make complete satisfaction for; to atone for; to make
amends for; to make expiation for; as, to expiate a crime, a guilt,
or sin.
To expiate his treason, hath naught left. Milton.
The Treasurer obliged himself to expiate the injury. Clarendon.

2. To purify with sacred rites. [Obs.]
Neither let there be found among you any one that shall expiate his
son or daughter, making them to pass through the fire. Deut. xviii.
10 (Douay version)

EXPIATE
Ex"pi*ate, a. Etym: [L. expiatus,p.p]

Defn: Terminated. [Obs.] Shak.

EXPIATION
Ex`pi*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. expiatio: cf.F. expiation]

1. The act of making satisfaction or atonement for any crime or
fault; the extinguishing of guilt by suffering or penalty.
His liberality seemed to have something in it of self-abasement and
expiation. W. Irving.

2. The means by which reparation or atonement for crimes or sins is
made; an expiatory sacrifice or offering; an atonement.
Those shadowy expiations weak, The blood of bulls and goats. Milton.

3. An act by which the treats of prodigies were averted among the
ancient heathen. [Obs.] Hayward.

EXPIATIST
Ex"pi*a*tist, n.

Defn: An expiator. [R.]

EXPIATOR
Ex"pi*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who makes expiation or atonement.

EXPIATORIOUS
Ex`pi*a*to"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Of an expiatory nature; expiatory. Jer. Taylor.

EXPIATORY
Ex"pi*a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. expiatorius: cf. F. expiatoire.]

Defn: Having power, or intended, to make expiation; atoning; as, an
expiatory sacrifice.

EXPILATION
Ex`pi*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. expiatio.]

Defn: The act of expilating or stripping off; plunder; pillage.
[Obs.]
This ravenous expiation of the state. Daniel.

EXPILATOR
Ex"pi*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who pillages; a plunderer; a pillager. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

EXPIRABLE
Ex*pir"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may expire; capable of being brought to an end.

EXPIRANT
Ex*pir"ant, n.

Defn: One who expires or is expiring.

EXPIRATION
Ex`pi*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. expiratio,exspiratio: cf. F. expiration.
See Expire.]

1. The act of expiring; as: (a)(Physiol.)

Defn: The act or process of breathing out, or forcing air from the
lungs through the nose or mouth; as, respiration consists of
inspiration and expiration; -- opposed to Ant: inspiration.
(b) Emission of volatile matter; exhalation.
The true cause of cold is an expiration from the globe of the earth.
Bacon.

(c) The last emission of breath; death. "The groan of expiration."
Rambler.
(d) A coming to a close; cessation; extinction; termination; end.
Before the expiration of thy time. Shak.

2. That which is expired; matter breathed forth; that which is
produced by breathing out, as a sound.
The aspirate "he," which is . . . a gentle expiration. G. Sharp.

EXPIRATORY
Ex*pir"a*to*ry, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or employed in, the expiration or emission of
air from the lungs; as, the expiratory muscles.

EXPIRE
Ex*pire", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expired;p. pr & vb. n. Expiring.] Etym:
[L. expirare, exspirare, expiratum, exspiratum; ex out + spirare to
breathe: cf. F. expirer. See Spirit.]

1. To breathe out; to emit from the lungs; to throw out from the
mouth or nostrils in the process of respiration; -- opposed to
inspire.
Anatomy exhibits the lungs in a continual motion of inspiring and
expiring air. Harvey.
This chafed the boar; his nostrils flames expire. Dryden.

2. To give forth insensibly or gently, as a fluid or vapor; to emit
in minute particles; to exhale; as, the earth expires a damp vapor;
plants expire odors.
The expiring of cold out of the inward parts of the earth in winter.
Bacon.

3. To emit; to give out. [Obs.] Dryden.

4. To bring to a close; to terminate. [Obs.]
Expire the term Of a despised life. Shak.

EXPIRE
Ex*pire", v. i.

1. To emit the breath.

2. To emit the last breath; to breathe out the life; to die; as, to
expire calmly; to expire in agony.

3. To come to an end; to cease; to terminate; to perish; to become
extinct; as, the flame expired; his lease expires to-day; the month
expired on Saturday.

4. To burst forth; to fly out with a blast. [Obs.] "The ponderous
ball expires." Dryden.

EXPIRING
Ex*pir"ing, a.

1. Breathing out air from the lungs; emitting fluid or volatile
matter; exhaling; breathing the last breath; dying; ending;
terminating.

2. Pertaining to, or uttered at, the time of dying; as, expiring
words; expiring groans.

EXPIRY
Ex"pi*ry, n.

Defn: Expiration.
He had to leave at the expiry of the term. Lamb.
The Parliament . . . now approaching the expiry of its legal term. J.
Morley.

EXPISCATE
Ex*pis"cate, v. t. Etym: [L. expiscatus, p.p. of expiscari to fish
out; ex out+piscari to fish, piscis fish.]

Defn: To fish out; to find out by skill or laborious investigation;
to search out. "To expiscate principles." [R.] Nichol.
Dr.Burton has with much ingenuity endeavord to expiscate the truth
which may be involved in them. W. L. Alexander.

EXPISCATION
Ex`pis*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of expiscating; a fishing. [R.] Chapman.

EXPISCATORY
Ex*pis"ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to fish out; searching out [R.] Carlyle.

EXPLAIN
Ex*plain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Explained();p. pr. & vb. n.
Explaining.] Etym: [L. explandare to flatten, spread out, explain; ex
out+plandare to make level or plain, planus plain: cf. OF. esplaner,
explaner. See Plain,a., and cf. Esplanade.]

1. To flatten; to spread out; to unfold; to expand. [Obs.]
The horse-chestnut is . . . ready to explain its leaf. Evelyn.

2. To make plain, manifest, or intelligible; to clear of obscurity;
to expound; to unfold and illustrate the meaning of; as, to explain a
chapter of the Bible.
Commentators to explain the difficult passages to you. Gay.
To explain away, to get rid of by explanation. "Those explain the
meaning quite "away." Pope.

Syn.
 -- To expound; interpret; elucidate; clear up.

EXPLAIN
Ex*plain", v. i.

Defn: To give an explanation.

EXPLAINABLE
Ex*plain"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. explainabilis.]

Defn: Capable of being explained or made plain to the understanding;
capable of being interpreted. Sir. T. Browne.

EXPLAINER
Ex*plain"er, n.

Defn: One who explains; an expounder or expositor; a commentator; an
interpreter.

EXPLANATE
Ex"pla*nate, a. Etym: [L. explanatus, p.p. of explanare. See
Explain.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Spreading or extending outwardly in a flat form.

EXPLANATION
Ex`pla*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. explanatio: cf. OF. esplanation.]

1. The act of explaining, expounding, or interpreting; the act of
clearing from obscurity and making intelligible; as, the explanation
of a passage in Scripture, or of a contract or treaty.

2. That which explains or makes clear; as, a satisfactory
explanation.

3. The meaning attributed to anything by one who explains it;
definition; inerpretation; sense.
Different explanations [of the Trinity]. Bp. Burnet.

4. A mutual exposition of terms, meaning, or motives, with a view to
adjust a misunderstanding, and reconcile differences; reconciliation;
agreement; as, to come to an explanation.

Syn.
 -- Definition; description; explication; exposition; interpretation;
detail. See Definition.

EXPLANATIVE
Ex*plan"a*tive, a.

Defn: Explanatory.

EXPLANATORINESS
Ex*plan"a*to*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being explanatory.

EXPLANATORY
Ex*plan"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. explanatorius.]

Defn: Serving to explain; containing explanation; as explanatory
notes. Swift.

EXPLAT; EXPLATE
Ex*plat", Ex*plate", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ex-+plat or plait.]

Defn: To explain; to unfold. [Obs.]
Like Solon's self explatest the knotty laws. B. Jonson.

EXPLETION
Ex*ple"tion, n. Etym: [L. expletio a satisfying. See Expletive.]

Defn: Accomplishment; fulfillment. [Obs.] Killingbeck.

EXPLETIVE
Ex"ple*tive, a. Etym: [L. expletivus, from expletus, p.p. of explere
to fill up; ex out+plere to fill, akin to plenus full: cf. F.
explétif. See Full.]

Defn: Filling up; hence, added merely for the purpose of filling up;
superfluous. "Expletive imagery." Hallam.
Expletive phrases to plump his speech. Barrow.

EXPLETIVE
Ex"ple*tive, n.

Defn: A word, letter, or syllable not necessary to the sense, but
inserted to fill a vacancy; an oath.
While explectives their feeble aid to join, And ten low words oft
creep in one dull line. Pope.

EXPLETIVELY
Ex"ple*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of an expletive.

EXPLETORY
Ex"ple*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving to fill up; expletive; superfluous; as, an expletory
word. Bp. Burnet.

EXPLICABLE
Ex"pli*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. explicabilis: cf. F. explicable.]

Defn: Capable of being explicated; that may be explained or accounted
for; admitting explanation.
It is not explicable upon any grounds. Burke.

EXPLICABLENESS
Ex"pli*ca*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being explicable.

EXPLICATE
Ex"pli*cate, a. Etym: [L. explicatus, p.p. of explicare.]

Defn: Evolved; unfolded. Jer. Taylor.

EXPLICATE
Ex"pli*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Explicated(); p. pr. & vb. n.
Explicating().]

1. To unfold; to expand; to lay open. [Obs.] "They explicate the
leaves." Blackmore.

2. To unfold the meaning or sense of; to explain; to clear of
difficulties or obscurity; to interpret.
The last verse of his last satire is not yet sufficiently explicated.
Dryden.

EXPLICATION
Ex`pli*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. explicatio: cf. F. explication.]

1. The act of opening, unfolding, or explaining; explanation;
exposition; interpretation.
The explication of our Savior's parables. Atterbury.

2. The sense given by an expositor. Bp. Burnet.

EXPLICATIVE
Ex"pli*ca*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. explicatif.]

Defn: Serving to unfold or explain; tending to lay open to the
understanding; explanatory. Sir W. Hamilton.

EXPLICATOR
Ex"pli*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who unfolds or explains; an expounder; an explainer.

EXPLICATORY
Ex"pli*ca`to*ry, a.

Defn: Explicative. Barrow.

EXPLICIT
Ex"pli*cit. Etym: [LL., an abbreviation of explicitus (est liber) the
book (which anciently was a roll of parchment) is unfolded (and, of
course, "finished"). See Explicit, a.]

Defn: A word formerly used (as finis is now) at the conclusion of a
book to indicate the end.

EXPLICIT
Ex*plic"it, a. Etym: [L. explicitus; p.p. of explicare to unfold: cf.
F. explicite. See Explicate, Exploit.]

1. Not implied merely, or conveyed by implication; distinctly stated;
plain in language; open to the understanding; clear; not obscure or
ambiguous; express; unequivocal; as, an explicit declaration.
The language of the charter was too explicit to admit of a doubt.
Bancroft.

2. Having no disguised meaning or reservation; unreserved; outspoken;
-- applied to persons; as, he was earnest and explicit in his
statement. Explicit function. (Math.) See under Function.

Syn.
 -- Express; clear; plain; open; unreserved; unambiguous.
 -- Explicit, Express. Explicit denotes a setting forth in the
plainest, language, so that the meaning can not be misunderstood; as,
an explicit promise. Express is stronger than explicit: it adds force
to clearness. An express promise or engagement is not only
unambiguous, but stands out in bold relief, with the most binding
hold on the conscience. An explicit statement; a clear and explicit
notion; explicit direction; no words can be more explicit. An
explicit command; an express prohibition. "An express declaration
goes forcibly and directly to the point. An explicit declaration
leaves nothing ambiguous." C. J. Smith.

EXPLICITLY
Ex*plic"it*ly, adv.

Defn: In an explicit manner; clearly; plainly; without disguise or
reservation of meaning; not by inference or implication; as, he
explicitly avows his intention.

EXPLICITNESS
Ex*plic"it*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being explicit; clearness; directness. Jer.
Taylor.

EXPLODE
Ex*plode", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Exploded; p. pr. & vb. n. Exploding.]
Etym: [L. explodere, explosum, to drive out, drive out a player by
clapping; ex out+plaudere, plodere, to clap, strike, applaud: cf. OF.
exploder. See Plausible.]

1. To become suddenly expanded into a great volume of gas or vapor;
to burst violently into flame; as gunpowder explodes.

2. To burst with force and a loud report; to detonate, as a shell
filled with powder or the like material, or as a boiler from too
great pressure of steam.

3. To burst forth with sudden violence and noise; as, at this, his
wrath exploded.

EXPLODE
Ex*plode", v. t.

1. To drive from the stage by noisy expressions of disapprobation; to
hoot off; to drive away or reject noisily; as, to explode a play.
[Obs.]
Him old and young Exploded, and seized with violent hands. Milton.

2. To bring into disrepute, and reject; to drive from notice and
acceptance; as, to explode a scheme, fashion, or doctrine.
Old exploded contrivances of mercantile fraud. Burke.
To explode and exterminate dark atheism. Bently.

3. To cause to explode or burst noisily; to detonate; as, to explode
powder by touching it with fire.

4. To drive out with violence and noise, as by powder.
But late the kindled powder did explode The massy ball and the brass
tube unload. Blackmore.

EXPLODENT
Ex*plod"ent, n.

1. An instrument or agent causing explosion; an exploder; also, an
explosive.

2. See Explosive, n.,

2.

EXPLODER
Ex*plod"er, n.

1. One who or that which explodes.

2. One who rejects an opinion or scheme with open contempt. South.

EXPLOIT
Ex*ploit", n. Etym: [OE. esploit success, OF. esploit,
espleit,revenue, product, vigor, force, exploit, F. exploit exploit,
fr. L. explicitum, prop. p.p. neut. of explicare to unfold, display,
exhibit; ex+plicare to fold. See Ply, and cf. Explicit, Explicate.]

1. A deed or act; especially, a heroic act; a deed of renown; an
adventurous or noble achievement; as, the exploits of Alexander the
Great.
Ripe for exploits and mighty enterprises. Shak.

2. Combat; war. [Obs.]
He made haste to exploit some warlike service. Holland.

2. Etym: [F. exploiter.]

Defn: To utilize; to make available; to get the value or usefulness
out of; as, to exploit a mine or agricultural lands; to exploit
public opinion. [Recent]

3. Hence: To draw an illegitimate profit from; to speculate on; to
put upon. [Recent]
In no sense whatever does a man who accumulates a fortune by
legitimate industry exploit his employés or make his capital "out of"
anybody else. W. G. Sumner.

EXPLOITATION
Ex`ploi*ta"tion, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The act of exploiting or utilizing. J. D. Whitney.

EXPLOITURE
Ex*ploi"ture, n.

1. The act of exploiting or accomplishing; achievement. [Obs.] Udall.

2. Exploitation. Harper's Mag.

EXPLORABLE
Ex*plor"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be explored; as, an explorable region.

EXPLORATE
Ex*plo"rate, v. t. Etym: [L. explorare, exploratum.]

Defn: To explore. [Obs.] Sir. T. Browne.

EXPLORATION
Ex`plo*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. exploratio: cf. F. exploration.]

Defn: The act of exploring, penetrating, or ranging over for purposes
of discovery, especially of geographical discovery; examination; as,
the exploration of unknown countries; (Med.)

Defn: physical examination.
"An exploration of doctrine." Bp. Hall.

EXPLORATIVE
Ex*plor"a*tive, a.

Defn: Exploratory.

EXPLORATOR
Ex"plo*ra`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who explores; one who examines closely; a searcher.

EXPLORATORY
Ex*plor"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. exploratorius.]

Defn: Serving or intended to explore; searching; examining;
explorative. Sir H. Wotton.

EXPLORE
Ex*plore", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Explored();p. pr. & vb. n. Exploring.]
Etym: [L. explorare to explore; ex out+plorare to cry out aloud,prob.
orig., to cause to flow; perh. akin to E. flow: cf. F. explorer.]

1. To seek for or after; to strive to attain by search; to look
wisely and carefully for. [Obs.]
Explores the lost, the wandering sheep directs. Pope.

2. To search through or into; to penetrate or range over for
discovery; to examine thoroughly; as, to explore new countries or
seas; to explore the depths of science. "Hidden frauds [to] explore."
Dryden.

EXPLOREMENT
Ex*plore"ment, n.

Defn: The act of exploring; exploration. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

EXPLORER
Ex*plor"er, n.

Defn: One who explores; also, an apparatus with which one explores,
as a diving bell.

EXPLORING
Explor"ing, a.

Defn: Employed in, or designed for, exploration. "Exploring parties."
Bancroft.

EXPLOSION
Ex*plo"sion, n. Etym: [L. explosio a driving off by clapping: cf. F.
explosion explosion. See Explode.]

1. The act of exploding; detonation; a chemical action which causes
the sudden formation of a great volume of expanded gas; as, the
explosion of gunpowder, of fire damp,etc.

2. A bursting with violence and loud noise, because of internal
pressure; as, the explosion of a gun, a bomb, a steam boiler, etc.

3. A violent outburst of feeling, manifested by excited language,
action, etc.; as, an explosion of wrath.
A formidable explosion of high-church fanaticism. Macaulay.

EXPLOSIVE
Ex*plo"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. explosif.]

Defn: Driving or bursting out with violence and noise; causing
explosion; as, the explosive force of gunpowder.

EXPLOSIVE
Ex*plo"sive, n.

1. An explosive agent; a compound or mixture susceptible of a rapid
chemical reaction, as gunpowder, or nitro-glycerine.

2. A sound produced by an explosive impulse of the breath;
(Phonetics) one of consonants p, b, t, d, k, g, which are sounded
with a sort of explosive power of voice.

Note: [See Guide to Pronunciation, sq. root 155-7, 184.]

EXPLOSIVELY
Ex*plo"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an explosive manner.

EXPOLIATION
Ex*po`li*a"tion, n.

Defn: See Exspoliation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

EXPOLISH
Ex*pol"ish, v. t. Etym: [Cf. L. expolire. See Polish.]

Defn: To polish thoroughly. [Obs.] Heywood.

EXPONE
Ex*pone", v. t. Etym: [OE. exponen. See Expound.]

Defn: To expound; to explain; also, to expose; to imperil. [Old Eng.
& Scotch] Drummond.

EXPONENT
Ex*po"nent, n. Etym: [L. exponens, -entis, p. pr. of exponere to put
out, set forth, expose. See Expound.]

1. (Alg.)

Defn: A number, letter, or any quantity written on the right hand of
and above another quantity, and denoting how many times the latter is
repeated as a factor to produce the power indicated;

Note: thus a2 denotes the second power, and an the xth power, of a (2
and x being the exponents). A fractional exponent, or index, is used
to denote the root of a quantity. Thus, a denotes the third or cube
root of a.

2. One who, or that which, stands as an index or representative; as,
the leader of a party is the exponent of its principles. Exponent of
a ratio, the quotient arising when the antecedent is divided by the
consequent; thus, 6 is the exponent of the ratio of 30 to 5. [R.]

EXPONENTIAL
Ex`po*nen"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. exponentiel.]

Defn: Pertaining to exponents; involving variable exponents; as, an
exponential expression; exponential calculus; an exponential
function. Exponential curve, a curve whose nature is defined by means
of an exponential equation.
 -- Exponential equation, an equation which contains an exponential
quantity, or in which the unknown quantity enters as an exponent.
 -- Exponential quantity (Math.), a quantity whose exponent is
unknown or variable, as ax.
 -- Exponential series, a series derived from the development of
exponential equations or quantities.

EXPORT
Ex*port", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exported; p. pr. & vb. n. Exporting.]
Etym: [L. exportare, exportatum; ex out+portare to carry : cf. F.
exporter. See Port demeanor.]

1. To carry away; to remove. [Obs.]
[They] export honor from a man, and make him a return in envy. Bacon.

2. To carry or send abroad, or out of a country, especially to
foreign countries, as merchandise or commodities in the way of
commerce; -- the opposite of import; as, to export grain, cotton,
cattle, goods, etc.

EXPORT
Ex"port, n.

1. The act of exporting; exportation; as, to prohibit the export of
wheat or tobacco.

2. That which is exported; a commodity conveyed from one country or
State to another in the way of traffic; -- used chiefly in the
plural, exports.
The ordinary course of exchange . . . between two places must
likewise be an indication of the ordinary course of their exports and
imports. A. Smith.

EXPORTABILITY
Ex*port`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being suitable for exportation.
To increase the exportability of native goods. J. P. Peters.

EXPORTABLE
Ex*port"a*ble, a.

Defn: Suitable for exportation; as, exportable products.

EXPORTATION
Ex`por*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. exportatio: cf. F. exporation.]

1. The act of exporting; the act of conveying or sending commodities
abroad or to another country, in the course of commerce.

2. Commodity exported; an export.

3. The act of carrying out. [R.] Bourne.

EXPORTER
Ex*port"er, n.

Defn: One who exports; the person who sends goods or commodities to a
foreign country, in the way of commerce; -- opposed to importer.

EXPOSAL
Ex*pos"al, n.

Defn: Exposure. Swift.

EXPOSE
Ex*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exposed(); p. pr. & vb. n. Exposing.]
Etym: [F. exposer; pref. ex- (L. ex out)+poser to place. See Pose, v.
t.]

1. To set forth; to set out to public view; to exhibit; to show; to
display; as, to expose goods for sale; to expose pictures to public
inspection.
Those who seek truth only, freely expose their principles to the
test, and are pleased to have them examined. Locke.

2. To lay bare; to lay open to attack, danger, or anything
objectionable; to render accessible to anything which may affect,
especially detrimentally; to make liable; as, to expose one's self to
the heat of the sun, or to cold, insult, danger, or ridicule; to
expose an army to destruction or defeat.
Expose thyself to feel what wretches feel. Shak.

3. To deprive of concealment; to discover; to lay open to public
inspection, or bring to public notice, as a thing that shuns
publicity, something criminal, shameful, or the like; as, to expose
the faults of a neighbor.
You only expose the follies of men, without arraigning their vices.
Dryden.

4. To disclose the faults or reprehensible practices of; to lay open
to general condemnation or contempt by making public the character or
arts of; as, to expose a cheat, liar, or hypocrite.

EXPOSE
Ex`po`sé", n. Etym: [F., prop.p.p. of exposer. See Expose, v. t.]

Defn: A formal recital or exposition of facts; exposure, or
revelation, of something which some one wished to keep concealed.

EXPOSEDNESS
Ex*pos"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being exposed, laid open, or unprotected; as, an
exposedness to sin or temptation.

EXPOSER
Ex*pos"er, n.

Defn: One who exposes or discloses.

EXPOSITION
Ex`po*si"tion, n. Etym: [L. expositio, fr. exponere, expositum: cf.
F. exposition. See Expound.]

1. The act of exposing or laying open; a setting out or displaying to
public view.

2. The act of expounding or of laying open the sense or meaning of an
author, or a passage; explanation; interpretation; the sense put upon
a passage; a law, or the like, by an interpreter; hence, a work
containing explanations or interpretations; a commentary.
You know the law; your exposition Hath been most sound. Shak.

3. Situation or position with reference to direction of view or
accessibility to influence of sun, wind, etc.; exposure; as, an
easterly exposition; an exposition to the sun. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

4. A public exhibition or show, as of industrial and artistic
productions; as, the Paris Exposition of 1878. [A Gallicism]

EXPOSITIVE
Ex*pos"i*tive, a.

Defn: Serving to explain; expository. Bp. Pearson.

EXPOSITOR
Ex*pos"i*tor, n. Etym: [L. See Expound.]

Defn: One who, or that which, expounds or explains; an expounder; a
commentator. Bp. Horsley.

EXPOSITORY
Ex*pos"i*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, exposition; serving to explain;
explanatory; illustrative; exegetical.
A glossary or expository index to the poetical writers. Johnson.

EXPOST FACTO; EXPOSTFACTO
Ex"post` fac"to, or Ex"post`fac"to. Etym: [L., from what is done
afterwards.] (Law)

Defn: From or by an after act, or thing done afterward; in
consequence of a subsequent act; retrospective. Ex post facto law, a
law which operates by after enactment. The phrase is popularly
applied to any law, civil or criminal, which is enacted with a
retrospective effect, and with intention to produce that effect; but
in its true application, as employed in American law, it relates only
to crimes, and signifies a law which retroacts, by way of criminal
punishment, upon that which was not a crime before its passage, or
which raises the grade of an offense, or renders an act punishable in
a more severe manner that it was when committed. Ex post facto laws
are held to be contrary to the fundamental principles of a free
government, and the States are prohibited from passing such laws by
the Constitution of the United States. Burrill. Kent.

EX POST FACTO; EX POSTFACTO
Ex" post` fac"to, or Ex" post`fac"to (eks" post" fak"to). [L., from
what is done afterwards.] (Law)

Defn: From or by an after act, or thing done afterward; in
consequence of a subsequent act; retrospective.

Ex post facto law, a law which operates by after enactment. The
phrase is popularly applied to any law, civil or criminal, which is
enacted with a retrospective effect, and with intention to produce
that effect; but in its true application, as employed in American
law, it relates only to crimes, and signifies a law which retroacts,
by way of criminal punishment, upon that which was not a crime before
its passage, or which raises the grade of an offense, or renders an
act punishable in a more severe manner that it was when committed. Ex
post facto laws are held to be contrary to the fundamental principles
of a free government, and the States are prohibited from passing such
laws by the Constitution of the United States.  Burrill.  Kent.

EXPOSTULATE
Ex*pos"tu*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Expostulated();p. pr. & vb. n.
Expostulating.] Etym: [L. expostulatus, p.p. of expostulare to demand
vehemently; ex out + postulare to ask, require. See Postulate.]

Defn: To reason earnestly with a person on some impropriety of his
conduct, representing the wrong he has done or intends, and urging
him to make redress or to desist; to remonstrate; -- followed by
with.
Men expostulate with erring friends; they bring accusations against
enemies who have done them a wrong. Jowett (Thuc. ).

Syn.
 -- To remonstrate; reason. See Remonstrate.

EXPOSTULATE
Ex*pos"tu*late, v. t.

Defn: To discuss; to examine. [Obs.]
To expostulate What majesty should be, what duty is. Shak.

EXPOSTULATION
Ex*pos`tu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. expostulatio.]

Defn: The act of expostulating or reasoning with a person in
opposition to some impropriety of conduct; remonstrance; earnest and
kindly protest; dissuasion.
We must use expostulation kindly. Shak.

EXPOSTULATOR
Ex*pos"tu*la`tor (;135), n.

Defn: One who expostulates. Lamb.

EXPOSTULATORY
Ex*pos"tu*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Containing expostulation or remonstrance; as, an expostulatory
discourse or letter.

EXPOSTURE
Ex*pos"ture (;135), n. Etym: [Cf. Imposture.]

Defn: Exposure. [Obs.] Shak.

EXPOSURE
Ex*po"sure (;135), n. Etym: [From Expose.]

1. The act of exposing or laying open, setting forth, laying bare of
protection, depriving of care or concealment, or setting out to
reprobation or contempt.
The exposure of Fuller . . . put an end to the practices of that vile
tribe. Macaulay.

2. The state of being exposed or laid open or bare; openness to
danger; accessibility to anything that may affect, especially
detrimentally; as, exposure to observation, to cold to inconvenience.
When we have our naked frailties hid, That suffer in exposure. Shak.

3. Position as to points of compass, or to influences of climate,
etc. "Under a southern exposure. Evelyn.
The best exposure of the two for woodcocks. Sir. W. Scott.

4. (Photog.)

Defn: The exposing of a sensitized plate to the action of light.

EXPOUND
Ex*pound", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expounded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Expounding.] Etym: [OE. exponen, expounen, expounden, fr. L. exponere
to set out, expose, expound; ex out + ponere to put: cf. OE.
expondre, expondre. See Position.]

1. To lay open; to expose to view; to examine. [Obs.]
He expounded both his pockets. Hudibras.

2. To lay open the meaning of; to explain; to clear of obscurity; to
interpret; as, to expound a text of Scripture, a law, a word, a
meaning, or a riddle.
Expound this matter more fully to me. Bunyan.

EXPOUNDER
Ex*pound"er, n.

Defn: One who expounds or explains; an interpreter.

EXPRESS
Ex*press", a. Etym: [F. exprès, L. expressus, p.p. of exprimere to
express; ex. out + premere To press. See Press.]

1. Exactly representing; exact.
Their human countenance The express resemblance of the gods. Milton.

2. Directly and distinctly stated; declared in terms; not implied or
left to inference; made unambiguous by intention and care; clear; not
dubious; as, express consent; an express statement.
I have express commandment. Shak.

3. Intended for a particular purpose; relating to an express; sent on
a particular errand; dispatched with special speed; as, an express
messenger or train. Also used adverbially.
A messenger sent express from the other world. Atterbury.
Express color. (Law) See the Note under Color, n., 8.

Syn.
 -- Explicit; clear; unambiguous. See Explicit.

EXPRESS
Ex*press", n. Etym: [Cf. F. exprès a messenger.]

1. A clear image or representation; an expression; a plain
declaration. [Obs.]
The only remanent express of Christ's sacrifice on earth. Jer.
Taylor.

2. A messenger sent on a special errand; a courier; hence, a regular
and fast conveyance; commonly, a company or system for the prompt and
safe transportation of merchandise or parcels; also, a railway train
for transporting passengers or goods with speed and punctuality.

3. An express office.
She charged him . . . to ask at the express if anything came up from
town. E. E. Hale.

4. That which is sent by an express messenger or message. [Obs.]
Eikon Basilike. Express office, an office where packages for an
express are received or delivered.

EXPRESS
Ex*press", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expressed(); p. pr. & vb. n.
Expressing.] Etym: [Cf. OF. espresser, expresser, L. exprimere,
expressum. See Express,a.; cf. Sprain.]

1. To press or squeeze out; as, to express the juice of grapes, or of
apples; hence, to extort; to elicit.
All the fruits out of which drink is expressed. Bacon.
And th'idle breath all utterly expressed. Spenser.
Halters and racks can not express from thee More than by deeds. B.
Jonson.

2. To make or offer a representation of; to show by a copy or
likeness; to represent; to resemble.
Each skillful artist shall express thy form. E. Smith.
So kids and whelps their sires and dams express. Dryden.

3. To give a true impression of; to represent and make known; to
manifest plainly; to show in general; to exhibit, as an opinion or
feeling, by a look, gesture, and esp. by language; to declare; to
utter; to tell.
My words express my purpose. Shak.
They expressed in their lives those excellent doctrines of morality.
Addison.

4. To make known the opinions or feelings of; to declare what is in
the mind of; to show (one's self); to cause to appear; -- used
reflexively.
Mr. Phillips did express with much indignation against me, one
evening. Pope.

5. To denote; to designate.
Moses and Aaron took these men, which are expressed by their names.
Num. i. 17.

6. To send by express messenger; to forward by special opportunity,
or through the medium of an express; as, to express a package.

Syn.
 -- To declare; utter; signify; testify; intimate.

EXPRESSAGE
Ex*press"age (;48), n.

Defn: The charge for carrying a parcel by express.

EXPRESSIBLE
Ex*press"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being expressed, squeezed out, shown, represented,
or uttered.
 -- Express"i*bly,adv.

EXPRESSION
Ex*pres"sion, n. Etym: [L. expressio. cf. F. expression.]

1. The act of expressing; the act of forcing out by pressure; as, the
expression of juices or oils; also, of extorting or eliciting; as, a
forcible expression of truth.

2. The act of declaring or signifying; declaration; utterance; as, an
expression of the public will.
With this tone of philosophy were mingled expressions of sympathy.
Prescott.

3. Lively or vivid representation of meaning, sentiment, or feeling,
etc.; significant and impressive indication, whether by language,
appearance, or gesture; that manner or style which gives life and
suggestive force to ideas and sentiments; as, he reads with
expression; her performance on the piano has expression.
The imitators of Shakespeare, fixing their attention on his wonderful
power of expression, have directed their imitation to this. M.
Arnold.

4. That which is expressed by a countenance, a posture, a work of
art, etc.; look, as indicative of thought or feeling. "The expression
of an eye." Tennyson.
It still wore the majesty of expression so conspicuous in his
portraits by the inimitable pencil of Titian. Prescott.

5. A form of words in which an idea or sentiment is conveyed; a mode
of speech; a phrase; as, a common expression; an odd expression.

6. (Math.)

Defn: The representation of any quantity by its appropriate
characters or signs. Past expression, Beyond expression, beyond the
power of description. "Beyond expression bright." Milton.

EXPRESSIONAL
Ex*pres"sion*al, a.

Defn: Of, or relating to, expression; phraseological; also, vividly
representing or suggesting an idea sentiment. Fized. Hall. Ruskin.

EXPRESSIONLESS
Ex*pres"sion*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of expression.

EXPRESSIVE
Ex*press"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. expressif.]

1. Serving to express, utter, or represent; indicative;
communicative; -- followed by of; as, words expressive of his
gratitude.
Each verse so swells expressive of her woes. Tickell.

2. Full of expression; vividly representing the meaning or feeling
meant to be conveyed; significant; emphatic; as, expressive looks or
words.
You have restrained yourself within the list of too cold an adieu; be
more expressive to them. Shak.
Through her expressive eyes her soul distinctly spoke. Littelton.
-- Ex*press"ive*ly,adv.
 -- Ex*press"ive*ness,n.

EXPRESSLY
Ex*press"ly, adv.

Defn: In an express manner; in direct terms; with distinct purpose;
particularly; as, a book written expressly for the young.
The word of the Lord came expressly unto Ezekiel. Ezek. i. 3.
I am sent expressly to your lordship. Shak.

EXPRESSMAN
Ex*press"man, n.; pl. Expressmen (.

Defn: A person employed in the express business; also, the driver of
a job wagon. W. D. Howells.

EXPRESSNESS
Ex*press"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being express; definiteness. [Obs.]
Hammond.

EXPRESS RIFLE
Ex*press" ri"fle.

Defn: A sporting rifle for use at short ranges, employing a large
charge of powder and a light (short) bullet, giving a high initial
velocity and consequently a flat trajectory. It is usually of
moderately large caliber.

EXPRESS TRAIN
Express train.

Defn: Formerly, a railroad train run expressly for the occasion; a
special train; now, a train run at express or special speed and
making few stops.

EXPRESSURE
Ex*pres"sure (;135), n.

Defn: The act of expressing; expression; utterance; representation.
[Obs.]
An operation more divine Than breath or pen can give expressure to.
Shak.

EXPROBRATE
Ex"pro*brate, v. t. Etym: [L. exprobratus, p.p. of exprobrare; ex out
+ probrum a shameful or disgraceful act.]

Defn: To charge upon with reproach; to upbraid. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

EXPROBRATION
Ex`pro*bra"tion, n. Etym: [L. exprobration: cf. F. exprobration.]

Defn: Reproachful accusation; upbraiding. [Obs.]
A fearful exprobration of our unworthiness. Jer. Taylor.

EXPROBRATIVE; EXPROBRATORY
Ex*pro"bra*tive, Ex*pro"bra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Expressing reproach; upbraiding; reproachful. [R.] Sir A.
Shirley.

EXPROPRIATE
Ex*pro"pri*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. ex out, from + proprius one's own:
cf. F. exproprier.]

Defn: To put out of one's possession; to surrender the ownership of;
also, to deprive of possession or proprietary rights. Boyle.
Expropriate these [bad landlords] as the monks were expropriated by
Act of Parliament. M. Arnold.

EXPROPRIATION
Ex*pro`pri*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. expropriation.]

Defn: The act of expropriating; the surrender of a claim to exclusive
property; the act of depriving of ownership or proprietary rights. W.
Montagu.
The expropriation of bad landlords. M. Arnold.

EXPUGN
Ex*pugn", v. t. Etym: [L. expugnare; ex out + pugnare to fight, pugna
fight. Cf. Impugn.]

Defn: To take by assault; to storm; to overcome; to vanquish; as, to
expugn cities; to expugn a person by arguments.

EXPUGNABLE
Ex*pug"nable, a. Etym: [L. Expugnabilis.]

Defn: Capable of being expugnded.

EXPUGNATION
Ex`pug*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. expugnatio.]

Defn: The act of taking by assault; conquest. [R.] Sandys.

EXPUGNER
Ex*pugn"er, n.

Defn: One who expugns.

EXPULSE
Ex*pulse", v. t. Etym: [F. expulser or L. expulsare, intens. fr.
expellere. See Expel.]

Defn: To drive out; to expel. [Obs.]
If charity be thus excluded and expulsed. Milton.

EXPULSER
Ex*puls"er, n.

Defn: An expeller. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

EXPULSION
Ex*pul"sion, n. Etym: [L. expulsio, fr. expellere: cf. F. expulsion.
See Expel.]

1. The act of expelling; a driving or forcing out; summary removal
from membership, association, etc.
The expulsion of the Tarquins. Shak.

2. The state of being expelled or driven out.

EXPULSIVE
Ex*pul"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. expulsif.]

Defn: Having the power of driving out or away; serving to expel.
The expulsive power of a new affection. Chalmers.

EXPUNCTION
Ex*punc"tion, n. Etym: [L. expunctio execution, performance, from
expungere. See Expunge.]

Defn: The act of expunging or erasing; the condition of being
expunged. Milton.

EXPUNGE
Ex*punge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expunged();p. pr. & vb. n.
Expunging().] Etym: [L. expungere, expunctum, prick out, expunge,
settle an account, execute; ex out + pungere to prick, puncture. See
Pungent.]

1. To blot out, as with pen; to rub out; to efface designedly; to
obliterate; to strike out wholly; as, to expunge words, lines, or
sentences.

2. To strike out; to wipe out or destroy; to annihilate; as, to
expugne an offense. Sandys.
Expugne the whole, or lop th' excrescent parts. Pope.

Syn.
 -- To efface; erase; obliterate; strike out; destroy; annihilate;
cancel.

EXPURGATE
Ex"pur*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expurgated(); p. pr. & vb. n.
Expurgating().] Etym: [L. expurgatus, p.p. of expurgare to purge,
purify; ex out, from + purgare to cleanse, purify, purge. See Purge,
and cf. Spurge.]

Defn: To purify; to clear from anything noxious, offensive, or
erroneous; to cleanse; to purge; as, to expurgate a book.

EXPURGATION
Ex`pur*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. expurgatio justification, excuse: cf. F.
expurgation.]

Defn: The act of expurgating, purging, or cleansing; purification
from anything noxious, offensive, sinful, or erroneous. Milton.

EXPURGATOR
Ex"pur*ga`tor, n.

Defn: One who expurgates or purifies.

EXPURGATORIAL
Ex*pur`ga*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Tending or serving to expurgate; expurgatory. Milman.

EXPURGATORIOUS
Ex*pur`ga*to"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Expurgatory. [Obs.] "Expurgatorious indexes." Milton.

EXPURGATORY
Ex*pur"ga*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. expurgatoire.]

Defn: Serving to purify from anything noxious or erroneous;
cleansing; purifying. "Expurgatory animadversions." Sir T. Browne.
Expurgatory Index. See Index Expurgatorius, under Index.

EXPURGE
Ex*purge", v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. espurgier. See Expurgate.]

Defn: To purge away. [Obs.] Milton.

EXQUIRE
Ex*quire", v. t. Etym: [L. exquirere. See Exquisite.]

Defn: To search into or out. [Obs.] Chapman.

EXQUISITE
Ex"qui*site, a. Etym: [L. exquisitus, p.p. of exquirere to search
out; ex out + quarere to seek, search. See Quest.]

1. Carefully selected or sought out; hence, of distinguishing and
surpassing quality; exceedingly nice; delightfully excellent; giving
rare satisfaction; as, exquisite workmanship.
Plate of rare device, and jewels Of reach and exquisite form. Shak.
I have no exquisite reason for 't, but I have reason good enough.
Shak.

2. Exceeding; extreme; keen; -- used in a bad or a good sense; as,
exquisite pain or pleasure.

3. Of delicate perception or close and accurate discrimination; not
easy to satisfy; exact; nice; fastidious; as, exquisite judgment,
taste, or discernment.
His books of Oriental languages, wherein he was exquisite. Fuller.

Syn.
 -- Nice; delicate; exact; refined; choice; rare; matchless;
consummate; perfect.

EXQUISITE
Ex"qui*site, n.

Defn: One who manifests an exquisite attention to external
appearance; one who is overnice in dress or ornament; a fop; a dandy.

EXQUISITELY
Ex"qui*site*ly, adv.

Defn: In an exquisite manner or degree; as, lace exquisitely wrought.
To a sensitive observer there was something exquisitely painful in
it. Hawthorne.

EXQUISITENESS
Ex"qui*site*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being exquisite.

EXQUISITIVE
Ex*quis"i*tive, a.

Defn: Eager to discover or learn; curious. [Obs.] Todd.
 -- Ex*quis"i*tive*ly, adv. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

EXSANGUINE
Ex*san"guine, a.

Defn: Bloodless. [R.]

EXSANGUINEOUS
Ex`san*guin"e*ous, a.

Defn: Destitute of blood; anæmic; exsanguious.

EXSANGUINITY
Ex`san*guin"i*ty, n. (Med.)

Defn: Privation or destitution of blood; -- opposed to plethora.
Dunglison.

EXSANGUINOUS
Ex*san"gui*nous, a.

Defn: See Exsanguious.

EXSANGUIOUS
Ex*san"gui*ous, a. Etym: [L. exsanguis; ex out + sanguis, sanguinis,
blood. Cf. Exsanguineous.]

1. Destitute of blood. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Destitute of true, or red, blood, as insects.

EXSCIND
Ex*scind", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exscinded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Exscinding.] Etym: [L. exscindere; ex out, from + scindere to cut.]

Defn: To cut off; to separate or expel from union; to extirpate.
Barrow.
The second presbytery of Philadelphia was also exscinded by that
Assembly. Am. Cyc.

EXSCRIBE
Ex*scribe", v. t. Etym: [L. excribere; ex out, from + scribere to
write.]

Defn: To copy; to transcribe. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

EXSCRIPT
Ex"script, n. Etym: [L. exscriptus, p.p. of exscribere.]

Defn: A copy; a transcript. [Obs.] Bailey.

EXSCRIPTURAL
Ex*scrip"tur*al, a. Etym: [Pref. ex-+scriptural.]

Defn: Not in accordance with the doctrines of Scripture;
unscriptural.

EXSCUTELLATE
Ex*scu"tel*late, a. Etym: [Pref. ex- + scutellate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without, or apparently without, a scutellum; -- said of certain
insects.

EXSECT
Ex*sect", v. t. Etym: [L. exsectio.]

1. A cutting out or away. E. Darwin.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: The removal by operation of a portion of a limb; particularly,
the removal of a portion of a bone in the vicinity of a joint; the
act or process of cutting out.

EXSERT; EXSERTED
Ex*sert", Ex*sert"ed, a. Etym: [L. exsertus, p.p. of exserere to
stretch out or forth. See Exert.]

Defn: Standing out; projecting beyond some other part; as, exsert
stamens.
A small portion of the basal edge of the shell exserted. D. H.
Barnes.

EXSERTILE
Ex*sert"ile, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Capable of being thrust out or protruded. J. Fleming.

EXSICCANT
Ex*sic"cant, a. Etym: [L. exsiccans, p.pr. of exsiccare. See
Exsiccate.]

Defn: Having the quality of drying up; causing a drying up.
 -- n. (Med.)

Defn: An exsiccant medicine.

EXSICCATE
Ex"sic*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exsiccated(); p. pr. & vb. n.
Exsiccating.] Etym: [L. exsiccatus, p.p. of exsiccare to dry up; ex
out + siccare to make dry, siccus dry.]

Defn: To exhaust or evaporate moisture from; to dry up. Sir T.
Browne.

EXSICCATION
Ex`sic*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. exsiccatio: cf. F. exsiccation.]

Defn: The act of operation of drying; evaporation or expulsion of
moisture; state of being dried up; dryness. Sir T. Browne.

EXSICCATIVE
Ex*sic"ca*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to make dry; having the power of drying.

EXSICCATOR
Ex"sic*ca`tor, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus for drying substances or preserving them from
moisture; a desiccator; also, less frequently, an agent employed to
absorb moisture, as calcium chloride, or concentrated sulphuric acid.

EXSILIENCY
Ex*sil"i*en*cy, n. Etym: [L. exsiliens leaping out, p.pr. of
exsilire; ex out + salire to leap.]

Defn: A leaping out. [R.] Latham.

EXSOLUTION
Ex`so*lu"tion, n. Etym: [L. exsolutio a release.]

Defn: Relaxation. [R.] Richardson (Dict. ).

EXSPOLIATION
Ex*spo`li*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. exspoliatio, fr. exspoliare to spoil,
to plunder; ex out, from + spoliare. See Spoliate.]

Defn: Spoliation. [Obs. or R.] Bp. Hall.

EXSPUITION
Ex`spu*i"tion, n. Etym: [L. exspuitio; ex out + spuere to spit: cf.
F. exspuition.]

Defn: A discharge of saliva by spitting. [R.] E. Darwin.

EXSPUTORY
Ex*spu"to*ry, a.

Defn: Spit out, or as if spit out. "Exsputory lines." Cowper.

EXSTIPULATE
Ex*stip"u*late, a. Etym: [Pref. ex- + stipulate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having no stipules. Martyn.

EXSTROPHY
Ex"stro*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The eversion or turning out of any organ, or of its inner
surface; as, exstrophy of the eyelid or of the bladder.

EXSUCCOUS
Ex*suc"cous, a. Etym: [L. exsuccus; ex out + succus juice.]

Defn: Destitute of juice; dry; sapless. Latham.

EXSUCTION
Ex*suc"tion, n. Etym: [L. exsugere, exsuctum, to suck out; ex out +
sugere to suck: cf. F. exsuccion.]

Defn: The act of sucking out.

EXSUDATION
Ex`su*da"tion, n.

Defn: Exudation.

EXSUFFLATE
Ex`suf*flate", v. t. Etym: [L. exsufflare to blow at or upon; ex out
+ sufflare. See Sufflate.] (Eccles.)

Defn: To exorcise or renounce by blowing.

EXSUFFLATION
Ex`suf*fla"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. exsufflatio.]

1. A blast from beneath. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (Eccles.)

Defn: A kind of exorcism by blowing with the breath. Jer. Taylor.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: A strongly forced expiration of air from the lungs.

EXSUFFLICATE
Ex*suf"fli*cate, a.

Defn: Empty; frivolous. [A Shakespearean word only once used.]
Such exsufflicate and blown surmises. Shak. (Oth. iii. 3, 182).

EXSUSCITATE
Ex*sus"ci*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. exsuscitatus, p.p. of exsuscitare; ex
out + suscitare. See Suscitate.]

Defn: To rouse; to excite. [Obs.] Johnson.

EXSUSCITATION
Ex*sus`ci*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. exsuscitatio.]

Defn: A stirring up; a rousing. [Obs.] Hallywell.

EXTACY
Ex"ta*cy, n.

Defn: See Ecstasy. [Obs.]

EXTANCE
Ex"tance, n. Etym: [L. extantia, exstantia, a standing out, fr.
exstans, p.pr. See Extant.]

Defn: Outward existence. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EXTANCY
Ex"tan*cy, n. Etym: [L. extantia, exstantia.]

Defn: The state of rising above others; a projection. Evelyn. Boyle.

EXTANT
Ex"tant, a. Etym: [L. extans, -antis, or exstans, -antis, p.pr. of
extare, exstare, to stand out or forth; ex out + stare to stand: cf.
F. extant. See Stand.]

1. Standing out or above any surface; protruded.
That part of the teeth which is extant above the gums. Ray.
A body partly immersed in a fluid and partly extant. Bentley.

2. Still existing; not destroyed or lost; outstanding.
Writings that were extant at that time. Sir M. Hale.
The extant portraits of this great man. I. Taylor.

3. Publicly known; conspicuous. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

EXTASY
Ex"ta*sy, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Ecstasy, n. & v. t.

EXTATIC
Ex*tat"ic, a.

Defn: See Ecstatic, a.

EXTEMPORAL
Ex*tem"po*ral, a. Etym: [L. extemporalis, from ex tempore.]

Defn: Extemporaneous; unpremeditated. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
 -- Ex*tem"po*ral*ly, adv. [Obs.]

EXTEMPORANEAN
Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*an, a.

Defn: Extemporaneous. [Obs] Burton.

EXTEMPORANEOUS
Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [See Extempore.]

Defn: Composed, performed, or uttered on the spur of the moment, or
without previous study; unpremeditated; off-hand; extempore;
extemporary; as, an extemporaneous address or production.
 -- Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ness,n.

EXTEMPORARILY
Ex*tem"po*ra*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: Extemporaneously.

EXTEMPORARY
Ex*tem"po*ra*ry, a.

1. Extemporaneous. "In extemporary prayer." Fuller.

2. Made for the occasion; for the time being. [Obs.] "Extemporary
habitations." Maundrell.

EXTEMPORE
Ex*tem"po*re, adv. Etym: [L. ex out + tempus, temporis, time. See
Temporal.]

Defn: Without previous study or meditation; without preparation; on
the spur of the moment; suddenly; extemporaneously; as, to write or
speak extempore. Shak.
 -- a.

Defn: Done or performed extempore. "Extempore dissertation." Addison.
"Extempore poetry." Dryden.
 -- n.

Defn: Speaking or writing done extempore. [Obs.] Bp. Fell.

EXTEMPORINESS
Ex*tem"po*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being done or devised extempore [Obs.] Johnson.

EXTEMPORIZATION
Ex*tem`po*ri*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of extemporizing; the act of doing anything extempore.

EXTEMPORIZE
Ex*tem"po*rize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Extemporized(); p. pr. & vb. n.
Extemporizing().]

Defn: To speak extempore; especially, to discourse without special
preparation; to make an offhand address.

EXTEMPORIZE
Ex*tem"po*rize, v. t.

Defn: To do, make, or utter extempore or off-hand; to prepare in
great haste, under urgent necessity, or with scanty or unsuitable
materials; as, to extemporize a dinner, a costume, etc.
Themistocles . . . was of all men the best able to extemporize the
right thing to be done. Jowett (Thucyd. ).
Pitt, of whom it was said that he could extemporize a Queen's speech
Lord Campbell.

EXTEMPORIZER
Ex*tem"po*ri`zer, n.

Defn: One who extemporizes.

EXTEND
Ex*tend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extended; p. pr. & vb. n. Extending.]
Etym: [L. extendere, extentum, extensum; ex out + tendere to stretch.
See Trend.]

1. To stretch out; to prolong in space; to carry forward or continue
in length; as, to extend a line in surveying; to extend a cord across
the street.
Few extend their thoughts toward universal knowledge'. Locke.

2. To enlarge, as a surface or volume; to expand; to spread; to
amplify; as, to extend metal plates by hammering or rolling them.

3. To enlarge; to widen; to carry out further; as, to extend the
capacities, the sphere of usefulness, or commerce; to extend power or
influence; to continue, as time; to lengthen; to prolong; as, to
extend the time of payment or a season of trail.

4. To hold out or reach forth, as the arm or hand.
His helpless hand extend. Dryden.

5. To bestow; to offer; to impart; to apply; as, to extend sympathy
to the suffering.

6. To increase in quantity by weakening or adulterating additions;
as, to extend liquors. G. P. Burnham.

7. (Eng. Law)

Defn: To value, as lands taken by a writ of extent in satisfaction of
a debt; to assign by writ of extent. Extended letter (Typog.), a
letter, or style of type, having a broader face than is usual for a
letter or type of the same height.

Note: This is extended type.

Syn.
 -- To increase; enlarge; expand; widen; diffuse. See Increase.

EXTENDANT
Ex*tend"ant, a. (Her.)

Defn: Displaced. Ogilvie.

EXTENDEDLY
Ex*tend"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In an extended manner.

EXTENDER
Ex*tend"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, extends or stretches anything.

EXTENDIBLE
Ex*tend"i*ble, a.

1. Capable of being extended, susceptible of being stretched,
extended, enlarged, widened, or expanded.

2. (Law)

Defn: Liable to be taken by a writ of extent.

EXTENDLESSNESS
Ex*tend"less*ness, n.

Defn: Unlimited extension. [Obs.]
An . . . extendlessness of excursions. Sir. M. Hale.

EXTENSE
Ex*tense", a. Etym: [L. extensus, p.p. See Extend, v. t.]

Defn: Outreaching; expansive; extended, superficially or otherwise.
Men and gods are too extense; Could you slacken and condense Emerson.

EXTENSIBILITY
Ex*ten`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being extensible; the capacity of being
extended; as, the extensibility of a fiber, or of a plate of metal.

EXTENSIBLE
Ex*ten"si*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. extensible. See Extend.]

Defn: Capable of being extended, whether in length or breadth;
susceptible of enlargement; extensible; extendible; -- the opposite
of contractible or compressible. "An extensible membrane" Holder.

EXTENSIBLENESS
Ex*ten"si*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Extensibility.

EXTENSILE
Ex*ten"sile a.

Defn: Suited for, or capable of, extension; extensible. Owen.

EXTENSION
Ex*ten"sion, n. Etym: [L. extensio: cf. F. extension. See Extend, v.
t.]

1. The act of extending or the state of being extended; a stretching
out; enlargement in breadth or continuation of length; increase;
augmentation; expansion.

2. (Physics)

Defn: That property of a body by which it occupies a portion of
space.

3. (Logic & Metaph.)

Defn: Capacity of a concept or general term to include a greater or
smaller number of objects; -- correlative of intension.
The law is that the intension of our knowledge is in the inverse
ratio of its extension. Sir W. Hamilton.
The extension of [the term] plant is greater than that of geranium,
because it includes more objects. Abp. Thomson.

4. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of stretching a broken bone so as to bring the
fragments into the same straight line.

5. (Physiol.)

Defn: The straightening of a limb, in distinction from flexion.

6. (Com.)

Defn: A written engagement on the part of a creditor, allowing a
debtor further time to pay a debt. Counter extension. (Surg.) See
under Counter.
 -- Extension table, a table so constructed as to be readily extended
or contracted in length.

EXTENSIONAL
Ex*ten"sion*al, a.

Defn: Having great extent.

EXTENSIONIST
Ex*ten"sion*ist, n.

Defn: One who favors or advocates extension.

EXTENSIVE
Ex*ten"sive, a. Etym: [L. extensivus: cf. F. extensif. See Extend.]

1. Having wide extent; of much superficial extent; expanded; large;
broad; wide; comprehensive; as, an extensive farm; an extensive lake;
an extensive sphere of operations; extensive benevolence; extensive
greatness.

2. Capable of being extended. [Obs.]
Silver beaters choose the finest coin, as that which is most
extensive under the hammer. Boyle.

EXTENSIVELY
Ex*ten"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: To a great extent; widely; largely; as, a story is extensively
circulated.

EXTENSIVENESS
Ex*ten"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being extensive; wideness; largeness; extent;
diffusiveness.

EXTENSOMETER
Ex`ten*som"e*ter, n. Etym: [Extension + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the extension of a body, especially
for measuring the elongation of bars of iron, steel, or other
material, when subjected to a tensile force.

EXTENSOR
Ex*ten"sor, n. Etym: [L., one who stretches. See Extend.] (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which serves to extend or straighten any part of the
body, as an arm or a finger; -- opposed to flexor.

EXTENSURE
Ex*ten"sure, n.

Defn: Extension. [R.] Drayton.

EXTENT
Ex*tent", a. Etym: [L. extentus, p. p. of extendere. See Extend.]

Defn: Extended. [Obs.] Spenser.

EXTENT
Ex*tent", n. Etym: [L. extentus, fr. extendere. See Extend.]

1. Space or degree to which a thing is extended; hence, superficies;
compass; bulk; size; length; as, an extent of country or of line;
extent of information or of charity.
Life in its large extent is scare a span. Cotton.

2. Degree; measure; proportion. "The extent to which we can make
ourselves what we wish to be." Lubbock.

3. (Eng. Law)
(a) A peculiar species of execution upon debts due to the crown,
under which the lands and goods of the debtor may be seized to secure
payment.
(b) A process of execution by which the lands and goods of a debtor
are valued and delivered to the creditor.

EXTENUATE
Ex*ten"u*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extenuated(); p. pr. & vb. n.
Extenuating().] Etym: [L. extenuatus, p. p. of extenuare to make
thin, loosen, weaken; ex out + tenuare to make thin, tenuis thin. See
Tenuity.]

1. To make thin or slender; to draw out so as to lessen the
thickness.
His body behind the head becomes broad, from whence it is again
extenuated all the way to the tail. Grew.

2. To lessen; to palliate; to lessen or weaken the force of; to
diminish the conception of, as crime, guilt, faults, ills,
accusations, etc.; -- opposed to aggravate.
But fortune there extenuates the crime. Dryden.
Let us extenuate, conceal, adorn the unpleasing reality. I. Taylor.

3. To lower or degrade; to detract from. [Obs.]
Who can extenuate thee Milton.

Syn.
 -- To palliate; to mitigate. See Palliate.

EXTENUATE
Ex*ten"u*ate, v. i.

Defn: To become thinner; to make excuses; to advance palliating
considerations. Burke.

EXTENUATE
Ex*ten"u*ate, a. Etym: [L. extenuatus, p. p.]

Defn: Thin; slender. [Obs.] Huloet.

EXTENUATION
Ex*ten`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. extenuatio: cf. F. exténuation.]

Defn: The act of axtenuating or the state of being extenuated; the
act of making thin, slender, or lean, or of palliating; diminishing,
or lessening; palliation, as of a crime; mitigation, as of
punishment.
To listen . . . to every extenuation of what is evil. I. Taylor.

EXTENUATOR
Ex*ten"u*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who extenuates.

EXTENUATORY
Ex*ten"u*a*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. L. extenuatorius attenuating.]

Defn: Tending to extenuate or palliate. Croker.

EXTERIOR
Ex*te"ri*or, a. Etym: [L. exterior, compar. of exter or exterus on
the outside, outward, foreign, strange, a compar. fr. ex: cf. F.
extérieur. See Ex, and cf. Extreme, Interior.]

1. External; outward; pertaining to that which is external; --
opposed to interior; as, the exterior part of a sphere.
Sith nor the exterior nor the inward man Resemble that it was. Shak.

2. External; on the outside; without the limits of; extrinsic; as, an
object exterior to a man, opposed to what is within, or in his mind.
Without exterior help sustained. Milton.

3. Relating to foreign nations; foreign; as, the exterior relations
of a state or kingdom. Exterior angle (Geom.), the angle included
between any side of a triangle or polygon and the prolongation of the
adjacent side; also, an angle included between a line crossing two
parallel lines and either of the latter on the outside.
 -- Exterior side (Fort.), the side of the polygon upon which a front
of fortification is formed. Wilhelm.

Note: See Illust. of Ravelin.

EXTERIOR
Ex*te"ri*or, n.

1. The outward surface or part of a thing; that which is external;
outside.

2. Outward or external deportment, form, or ceremony; visible act;
as, the exteriors of religion.

EXTERIORITY
Ex*te`ri*or"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. extériorité.]

Defn: Surface; superficies; externality.

EXTERIORLY
Ex*te"ri*or*ly, adv.

Defn: Outwardly; externally; on the exterior. Shak.
They are exteriorly lifelike. J. H. Morse.

EXTERMINATE
Ex*ter"mi*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exterminated(); p. pr. & vb. n.
Exterminating().] Etym: [L. exterminatus, p. p. of exterminare to
abolish, destroy, drive out or away; ex out + terminus boundary,
limit. See Term.]

1. To drive out or away; to expel.
They deposed, exterminated, and deprived him of communion. Barrow.

2. To destroy utterly; to cut off; to extirpate; to annihilate; to
root out; as, to exterminate a colony, a tribe, or a nation; to
exterminate error or vice.
To explode and exterminate rank atheism. Bentley.

3. (Math.)

Defn: To eliminate, as unknown quantities. [R.]

EXTERMINATION
Ex*ter`mi*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. extermination.]

1. The act of exterminating; total destruction; eradication;
excision; as, the extermination of inhabitants or tribes, of error or
vice, or of weeds from a field.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Elimination. [R.]

EXTERMINATOR
Ex*ter"mi*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who, or that which, exterminates. Buckle.

EXTERMINATORY
Ex*ter"mi*na*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to extermination; tending to exterminate.
"Exterminatory war." Burke.

EXTERMINE
Ex*ter"mine, v. t. Etym: [F. exterminer.]

Defn: To exterminate; to destroy. [Obs.] Shak.

EXTERN
Ex*tern", a. Etym: [Cf. F. externe. See External.]

Defn: External; outward; not inherent. [Obs.] Shak.

EXTERN
Ex*tern", n. Etym: [Cf. F. externe.]

1. A pupil in a seminary who lives without its walls; a day scholar.

2. Outward form or part; exterior. [R.]

EXTERNAL
Ex*ter"nal, a. Etym: [L. externus, fr. exter, exterus, on the
outside, outward. See Exterior.]

1. Outward; exterior; relating to the outside, as of a body; being
without; acting from without; -- opposed to internal; as, the
external form or surface of a body.
Of all external things, . . . She [Fancy] forms imaginations, aery
shapes. Milton.

2. Outside of or separate from ourselves; (Metaph.) separate from the
perceiving mind.

3. Outwardly perceptible; visible; physical or corporeal, as
distinguished from mental or moral.
Her virtues graced with external gifts. Shak.

4. Not intrinsic nor essential; accidental; accompanying;
superficial.
The external circumstances are greatly different. Trench.

5. Foreign; relating to or connected with foreign nations; as,
external trade or commerce; the external relations of a state or
kingdom.

6. (Anat.)

Defn: Away from the mesial plane of the body; lateral. External
angles. (Geom.) See under Angle.

EXTERNAL
Ex*ter"nal, n.

Defn: Something external or without; outward part; that which makes a
show, rather than that which is intrinsic; visible form; -- usually
in the plural.
Adam was then no less glorious in his externals South.
God in externals could not place content. Pope.

EXTERNALISM
Ex*ter"nal*ism n.

1. The quality of being manifest to the senses; external acts or
appearances; regard for externals.
This externalism gave Catholicism a great advantage on all sides. E.
Eggleston.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: That philosophy or doctrine which recognizes or deals only with
externals, or objects of sense perception; positivism; phenomenalism.

EXTERNALISTIC
Ex*ter`nal*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to externalism North Am. Rev.

EXTERNALITY
Ex`ter*nal"i*ty, n.

Defn: State of being external; exteriority; (Metaph.)

Defn: separation from the perceiving mind.
Pressure or resistance necessarily supposes externality in the thing
which presses or resists. A. Smith.

EXTERNALIZE
Ex*ter"nal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make external; to manifest by outward form.
Thought externalizes itself in language. Soyce.

EXTERNALLY
Ex*ter"nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In an external manner; outwardly; on the outside; in
appearance; visibly.

EXTERNE
Ex`terne", n. Etym: [F. Cf. Extern.] (med.)

Defn: An officer in attendance upon a hospital, but not residing in
it; esp., one who cares for the out-patients.

EXTERRANEOUS
Ex`ter*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. exterraneus; es out + terra land.]

Defn: Foreign; belonging to, or coming from, abroad.

EXTERRITORIAL
Ex*ter`ri*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [Pref. ex.]

Defn: Beyond the territorial limits; foreign to, or exempt from, the
territorial jurisdiction.
 -- Ex*ter`ri*to"ri*al*ly(#),adv.

EXTERRITORIALITY
Ex*ter`ri*to`ri*al"i*ty, n.

1. The state of being beyond the limits of a country.

2. The state of being free from the jurisdiction of a country when
within its territorial limits.

EXTERSION
Ex*ter"sion, n. Etym: [L. extergere, extersum, to wipe out; ex out +
tergere to wipe or rub off.]

Defn: The act of wiping or rubbing out. [Obs.]

EXTILL
Ex*till", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Extilled(); p. pr. & vb. n. Extilling.]
Etym: [L. extillare, exstillare; ex out + stillare to drop, stilla
drop.]

Defn: To drop or distill. [Obs.] Johnson.

EXTILLATION
Ex`til*la"tion, n.

Defn: Distillation. [Obs.]
An exudation or extillation of petrifying juices. Derham.

EXTIMULATE
Ex*tim"u*late, v. t. Etym: [L. extimulatus, exstimulatus, p. p. of
extimulare, exstimulare, to goad. See Stimulate.]

Defn: To stimulate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EXTIMULATION
Ex*tim`u*la"tion, n.

Defn: Stimulation. [Obs.]
Things insipid, and without any extimulation. Bacon.

EXTINCT
Ex*tinct", a. Etym: [L. extinctus, exstinctus, p. p. of extinguere,
exstinguere. See Extinguish.]

1. Extinguished; put out; quenched; as, a fire, a light, or a lamp,
is extinct; an extinct volcano.
Light, the prime work of God, to me is extinct. Milton.

2. Without a survivor; without force; dead; as, a family becomes
extinct; an extinct feud or law.

EXTINCT
Ex*tinct", v. t.

Defn: To cause to be extinct. [Obs.] Shak.

EXTINCTION
Ex*tinc"tion, n. Etym: [L. extinctio, exstinction: cf. F.
extinction.]

1. The act of extinguishing or making extinct; a putting an end to;
the act of putting out or destroying light, fire, life, activity,
influence, etc.

2. State of being extinguished or of ceasing to be; destruction;
suppression; as, the extinction of life, of a family, of a quarrel,
of claim.

EXTINE
Ex"tine (; 104), n. Etym: [L. exter on the outside. Cf. Intine.]
(bot.)

Defn: The outer membrane of the grains of pollen of flowering plants.

EXTINGUISH
Ex*tin"guish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extinguished(); p pr. & vb. n.
Extinguishing.] Etym: [L. extinguere, exstinguere; ex out + stinguere
to quench. See Distinguish, Finish.]

1. To quench; to put out, as a light or fire; to stifle; to cause to
die out; to put an end to; to destroy; as, to extinguish a flame, or
life, or love, or hope, a pretense or a right.
A light which the fierce winds have no power to extinguish. Prescott.
This extinguishes my right to the reversion. Blackstone.

2. To obscure; to eclipse, as by superior splendor.
Natural graces that extinguish art. Shak
.

EXTINGUISHABLE
Ex*tin"guish*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being quenched, destroyed, or suppressed.

EXTINGUISHER
Ex*tin"guish*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, extinguishes; esp., a hollow cone or
other device for extinguishing a flame, as of a torch or candle.

EXTINGUISHMENT
Ex*tin"guish*ment, n.

1. The act of extinguishing, putting out, or quenching, or the state
of being extinguished; extinction; suppression; destruction;
nullification; as, the extinguishment of fire or flame, of discord,
enmity, or jealousy, or of love or affection.

2. (Law)

Defn: The annihilation or extinction of a right or obligation.
Abbott.

EXTIRP
Ex*tirp" (, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. extirper.]

Defn: To extirpate. [Obs.]
It is impossible to extirp it quite, friar. Shak
.

EXTIRPABLE
Ex*tir"pa*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being extirpated or eradicated; as, an extirpable
plant. Evelyn.

EXTIRPATE
Ex"tir*pate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extirpated(); p. pr. & vb. n.
Extirpating().] Etym: [L. extirpatus, exstirpatus, p. p. of
extirpare, exstirpare; ex out + strips stock, stem, root.]

Defn: To pluck up by the stem or root; to root out; to eradicate,
literally or figuratively; to destroy wholly; as, to extirpate weeds;
to extirpate a tumor; to extirpate a sect; to extirpate error or
heresy.

Syn.
 -- To eradicate; root out; destroy; exterminate; annihilate;
extinguish.

EXTIRPATION
Ex`tir*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. extirpatio, exstirpatio: cf. F.
extirpation.]

Defn: The act of extirpating or rooting out, or the state of being
extirpated; eradication; excision; total destruction; as, the
extirpation of weeds from land, of evil from the heart, of a race of
men, of heresy.

EXTIRPATIVE
Ex"tir*pa*tive, a.

Defn: Capable of rooting out, or tending to root out. Cheyne.

EXTIRPATOR
Ex"tir*pa`tor, n. Etym: [L. extirpator, exstirpator: cf. F.
extirpateur.]

Defn: One who extirpates or roots out; a destroyer.

EXTIRPATORY
Ex*tir"pa*to*ry, a.

Defn: Extirpative.

EXTIRPER
Ex*tirp"er, n.

Defn: Extirpator. [Obs.] Bacon.

EXTISPICIOUS
Ex`ti*spi"cious, a. Etym: [L. extispicium an inspection of the
inwards for divination; extra the entrails + specer to look at.]

Defn: Relating to the inspection of entrails for prognostication.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EXTOGENOUS
Ex*tog"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. exter outward + .] (Biol.)

Defn: Exogenous.

EXTOL
Ex*tol", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extolled(); p. pr. & vb. n. Extolling.]
Etym: [L. extollere; ex out + tollere to lift, take up, or raise: cf.
OF. extoller. See Tollerate, and cf. Flate.]

1. To place on high; to lift up; to elevate. [Obs.]
Who extolled you in the half-crown boxes, Where you might sit and
muster all the beauties. Beau.

2. To elevate by praise; to eulogize; to praise; to magnify; as, to
extol virtue; to extol an act or a person.
Wherein have I so deserved of you, That you extol me thus Shak.

Syn.
 -- To praise; applaud; commend; magnify; celebrate; laud; glorify.
See Praise.

EXTOLLER
Ex*tol"ler, n.

Defn: One who extols; one who praises.

EXTOLMENT
Ex*tol"ment, n.

Defn: Praise. [Obs.] Shak.

EXTORSIVE
Ex*tor"sive, a. Etym: [See Extort.]

Defn: Serving or tending to extort. [R.] Johnson.
 -- Ex*tor"sive*ly, adv. [R.]

EXTORT
Ex*tort", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Extorting.]
Etym: [L. extortus, p. p. of extorquere to twist or wrench out, to
extort; ex out + torquere to turn about, twist. See Torsion.]

1. To wrest from an unwilling person by physical force, menace,
duress, torture, or any undue or illegal exercise of power or
ingenuity; to wrench away (from); to tear away; to wring (from); to
exact; as, to extort contributions from the vanquished; to extort
confessions of guilt; to extort a promise; to extort payment of a
debt.

2. (Law)

Defn: To get by the offense of extortion. See Extortion, 2.

EXTORT
Ex*tort", v. i.

Defn: To practice extortion. [Obs.] Spenser.

EXTORT
Ex*tort", p. p. & a. Etym: [L. extortus. p. p.]

Defn: Extorted. [Obs.] Spenser.

EXTORTER
Ex*tort"er, n.

Defn: One who practices extortion.

EXTORTION
Ex*tor"tion, n. Etym: [F. extorsion.]

1. The act of extorting; the act or practice of wresting anything
from a person by force, by threats, or by any undue exercise of
power; undue exaction; overcharge.

2. (Law)

Defn: The offense committed by an officer who corruptly claims and
takes, as his fee, money, or other thing of value, that is not due,
or more than is due, or before it is due. Abbott.

3. That which is extorted or exacted by force.

Syn.
 -- Oppression; rapacity; exaction; overcharge.

EXTORTIONARY
Ex*tor"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Extortionate.

EXTORTIONATE
Ex*tor"tion*ate, a.

Defn: Characterized by extortion; oppressive; hard.

EXTORTIONER
Ex*tor"tion*er, n

Defn: , One who practices extortion.

EXTORTIOUS
Ex*tor"tious, a.

Defn: Extortionate. [Obs.] "Extortious cruelties." Bp. Hall --
Ex*tor"tious*ly, adv. [Obs.] Bacon.

EXTRA-
Ex"tra-. Etym: [L., fr. exter. See Exterior.]

Defn: A Latin preposition, denoting beyond, outside of; -- often used
in composition as a prefix signifying outside of, beyond, besides, or
in addition to what is denoted by the word to which it is prefixed.

EXTRA
Ex"tra, a.

Defn: Beyond what is due, usual, expected, or necessary; additional;
supernumerary; also, extraordinarily good; superior; as, extra work;
extra pay. "By working extra hours." H. Spencer.

EXTRA
Ex"tra, n.; pl. Extras (.

Defn: Something in addition to what is due, expected, or customary;
something in addition to the regular charge or compensation, or for
which an additional charge is made; as, at European hotels lights are
extras. [Colloq.]

EXTRAARTICULAR
Ex`tra*ar*tic"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated outside of a joint.

EXTRAAXILLAR; EXTRAAXILLARY
Ex`tra*ax"il*lar, Ex`tra*ax"il*la*ry a. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing outside of the axils; as, an extra-axillary bud.

EXTRABRANCHIAL
Ex`tra*bran"chi*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Outside of the branchial arches; -- said of the cartilages thus
placed in some fishes.

EXTRACAPSULAR
Ex`tra*cap"su*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated outside of a capsule, esp. outside the capsular
ligament of a joint.

EXTRACT
Ex*tract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extracted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Extracting.] Etym: [L. extractus, p. p. of extrahere to extract; ex
out + trahere to draw. See Trace, and cf. Estreat.]

1. To draw out or forth; to pull out; to remove forcibly from a fixed
position, as by traction or suction, etc.; as, to extract a tooth
from its socket, a stump from the earth, a splinter from the finger.
The bee Sits on the bloom extracting liquid sweet. Milton.

2. To withdraw by expression, distillation, or other mechanical or
chemical process; as, to extract an essence. Cf. Abstract, v. t., 6.
Sunbeams may be extracted from cucumbers, but the process is tedious.

3. To take by selection; to choose out; to cite or quote, as a
passage from a book.
I have extracted out of that pamphlet a few notorious falsehoods.
Swift.
To extract the root (Math.), to ascertain the root of a number or
quantity.

EXTRACT
Ex"tract`, n.

1. That which is extracted or drawn out.

2. A portion of a book or document, separately transcribed; a
citation; a quotation.

3. A decoction, solution, or infusion made by drawing out from any
substance that which gives it its essential and characteristic
virtue; essence; as, extract of beef; extract of dandelion; also, any
substance so extracted, and characteristic of that from which it is
obtained; as, quinine is the most important extract of Peruvian bark.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A solid preparation obtained by evaporating a solution of a
drug, etc., or the fresh juice of a plant; -- distinguished from an
abstract. See Abstract, n., 4.

5. (Old Chem.)

Defn: A peculiar principle once erroneously supposed to form the
basis of all vegetable extracts; -- called also the extractive
principle. [Obs.]

6. Extraction; descent. [Obs.] South.

7. (Scots Law)

Defn: A draught or copy of writing; certified copy of the proceedings
in an action and the judgement therein, with an order for execution.
Tomlins. Fluid extract (Med.), a concentrated liquid preparation,
containing a definite proportion of the active principles of a
medicinal substance. At present a fluid gram of extract should
represent a gram of the crude drug.

EXTRACTABLE; EXTRACTIBLE
Ex*tract"a*ble, Ex*tract"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being extracted.

EXTRACTIFORM
Ex*tract"i*form, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Having the form, appearance, or nature, of an extract.

EXTRACTION
Ex*trac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. extraction.]

1. The act of extracting, or drawing out; as, the extraction of a
tooth, of a bone or an arrow from the body, of a stump from earth, of
a passage from a book, of an essence or tincture.

2. Derivation from a stock or family; lineage; descent; birth; the
stock from which one has descended. "A family of ancient extraction."
Clarendon.

3. That which is extracted; extract; essence.
They [books] do preserve as in a vial the purest efficacy and
extraction of that living intellect that bred them. Milton.
The extraction of roots. (Math.) (a) The operation of finding the
root of a given number or quantity. (b) The method or rule by which
the operation is performed; evolution.

EXTRACTIVE
Ex*tract"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. extractif.]

1. Capable of being extracted. "Thirty grains of extractive matter."
Kirwan.

2. Tending or serving to extract or draw out.
Certain branches of industry are conveniently designated extractive:
e.g., agriculture, pastoral and mining pursuits, cutting of lumber,
etc. Cairnes.

EXTRACTIVE
Ex*tract"ive, n.

1. Anything extracted; an extract.
Extractives, of which the most constant are urea, kreatin, and grape
sugar. H. N. Martin.

2. (Chem.)
(a) A chemical principle once supposed to exist in all extracts.
[Obs.]
(b) Any one of a large class of substances obtained by extraction,
and consisting largely of nitrogenous hydrocarbons, such as xanthin,
hypoxanthin, and creatin extractives from muscle tissue.

EXTRACTOR
Ex*tract"or, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, extracts; as:
(a) (Surg.) A forceps or instrument for extracting substances.
(b) (Breech-loading Firearms) A device for withdrawing a cartridge or
spent cartridge shell from the chamber of the barrel.

EXTRADICTIONARY
Ex`tra*dic"tion*a*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. extra + L. dictio a saying. See
Diction.]

Defn: Consisting not in words, but in realities. [Obs.]
Of these extradictionary and real fallacies, Aristotle and logicians
make in number six. Sir T. Browne.

EXTRADITABLE
Ex"tra*di`ta*ble, a.

1. Subject, or liable, to extradition, as a fugitive from justice.

2. Making liable to extradition; as, extraditable offenses.

EXTRADITE
Ex"tra*dite, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extradited(); p. pr. & vb. n.
Extraditing().]

Defn: To deliver up by one government to another, as a fugitive from
justice. See Extradition.

EXTRADITION
Ex`tra*di"tion, n. Etym: [L. ex out + traditio a delivering up: cf.
F. extradition. See Tradition.]

Defn: The surrender or delivery of an alleged criminal by one State
or sovereignty to another having jurisdiction to try charge.

EXTRADOS
Ex*tra"dos, n. Etym: [F.; pref. extra outside + dos (L. dorsum) the
back.] (Arch.)

Defn: The exterior curve of an arch; esp., the upper curved face of
the whole body of voussoirs. See Intrados.

EXTRADOTAL
Ex`tra*do"tal, a. Etym: [Pref. extra.]

Defn: Forming no part of the dowry; as, extradotal property.

EXTRAFOLIACEOUS
Ex`tra*fo`li*a"ceous, a. Etym: [Pref. extra + foliaceous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Away from the leaves, or inserted in a different place from
them; as, extrafoliaceous prickles. Loudon.

EXTRAFORANEOUS
Ex`tra*fo*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. extra + L. foras out of doors.]

Defn: Pertaining to that which is out of doors. "Extr occupations."
Cowper.

EXTRAGENEOUS
Ex`tra*ge"ne*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. extra + L. genus race.]

Defn: Belonging to another race or kind.

EXTRAJUDICIAL
Ex`tra*ju*di"cial, a.

Defn: Out of or beyond the proper authority of a court or judge;
beyond jurisdiction; not legally required. "An extrajudicial
opinion." Hallam.
 -- Ex`tra*ju*di"cial*ly, adv.

EXTRAJUDICIAL CONVEYANCE
Extrajudicial conveyance. (Law)

Defn: A conveyance, as by deed, effected by the act of the parties
and not involving, as in the fine and recovery, judicial proceedings.

EXTRALIMITARY
Ex`tra*lim"it*a*ry, a.

Defn: Being beyond the limit or bounds; as, extraliminary land.
Mitford.

EXTRALOGICAL
Ex`tra*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Lying outside of the domain of logic.
 -- Ex`tra*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

EXTRAMISSION
Ex`tra*mis"sion, n.

Defn: A sending out; emission. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EXTRAMUNDANE
Ex`tra*mun"dane, a. Etym: [L. extramundanus; extra + mundus world.]

Defn: Beyond the material world. "An extramundane being." Bp.
Warburton.

EXTRAMURAL
Ex`tra*mu"ral, a.

Defn: Outside of the walls, as of a fortified or walled city.

EXTRANEITY
Ex`tra*ne"i*ty, n.

Defn: State of being without or beyond a thing; foreignness. [Obs.]

EXTRANEOUS
Ex*tra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. extraneus, from extra. See Extra,
Strange.]

Defn: Not belonging to, or dependent upon, a thing; without or beyond
a thing; not essential or intrinsic; foreign; as, to separate gold
from extraneous matter.
Nothing is admitted extraneous from the indictment. Landor.
-- Ex*tra"ne*ous*ly, adv.

EXTRA-OCULAR
Ex`tra-oc"u*lar, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Inserted exterior to the eyes; -- said of the antennæ of
certain insects.

EXTRA-OFFICIAL
Ex`tra-of*fi"cial, a.

Defn: Not prescribed by official duty.

EXTRAORDINARILY
Ex*traor"di*na*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In an extraordinary manner or degree.

EXTRAORDINARINESS
Ex*traor"di*na*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being extraordinary. [R.] Gov. of the Tongue.

EXTRAORDINARY
Ex*traor"di*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. extraordinarius; extra on the outside
+ ordinarius: cf. F. extraordinaire. See Ordinary.]

1. Beyond or out of the common order or method; not usual, customary,
regular, or ordinary; as, extraordinary evils; extraordinary
remedies.
Which dispose To something extraordinary my thoughts. Milton.

2. Exceeding the common degree, measure. or condition; hence,
remarkable; uncommon; rare; wonderful; as, extraordinary talents or
grandeur.

3. Employed or sent upon an unusual or special service; as, an
ambassador extraordinary.

EXTRAORDINARY
Ex*traor"di*na*ry, n.; pl. Extraordinaries (.

Defn: That which is extraordinary; -- used especially in the plural;
as, extraordinaries excepted, there is nothing to prevent success.
Their extraordinary did consist especially in the matter of prayers
and devotions. Jer. Taylor.

EXTRAPAROCHIAL
Ex`tra*pa*ro"chi*al, a.

Defn: Beyond the limits of a parish.
 -- Ex`tra*pa*ro"chi*al*ly, adv.

EXTRAPHYSICAL
Ex`tra*phys"i*cal, a.

Defn: Not subject to physical laws or methods.

EXTRAPROFESSIONAL
Ex`tra*pro*fes"sion*al, a.

Defn: Foreign to a profession; not within the ordinary limits of
professional duty or business.

EXTRAPROVINCIAL
Ex`tra*pro*vin"cial, a.

Defn: Not within of pertaining to the same province or jurisdiction.
Ayliffe.

EXTRAREGULAR
Ex`tra*reg"u*lar, a.

Defn: Not comprehended within a rule or rules. Jer. Taylor.

EXTRASTAPEDIAL
Ex`tra*sta*pe"di*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to a part of the columella of the ear, which, in
many animals, projects beyond the connection with the stapes.
 -- n.

Defn: The extrastapedial part of columella.

EXTRATERRITORIAL
Ex`tra*ter`ri*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Beyond the limits of a territory or particular jurisdiction;
exterritorial.
 -- Ex`tra*ter`ri*to"ri*al*ly(#), adv.

EXTRATERRITORIALITY
Ex`tra*ter`ri*to`ri*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being beyond the limits of a particular territory;
esp. (Internat. Law),

Defn: a fiction by which a public minister, though actually in a
foreign country, is supposed still to remain within the territory of
his own sovereign or nation. Wheaton.

EXTRATROPICAL
Ex`tra*trop"ic*al, a.

Defn: Beyond or outside of the tropics. Whewell.

EXTRAUGHT
Ex`traught", p. p. of Extract. Etym: [Cf. Distraught.]

Defn: Extracted; descended. [Obs.]
Knowing whence thou art extraught Shak.

EXTRA-UTERINE
Ex`tra-u"ter*ine, a. (Anat. & Med.)

Defn: Outside of the uterus, or womb. Extra-uterine pregnancy (Med.),
a condition of pregnancy in which the fetus is not in the uterus, but
in the Fallopian tube or in the abdominal cavity.

EXTRAVAGANCE
Ex*trav"a*gance, n. Etym: [Cf. F. extravagance. See Extravagant, and
cf. Extravaganza.]

1. A wandering beyond proper limits; an excursion or sally from the
usual way, course, or limit.

2. The state of being extravagant, wild, or prodigal beyond bounds of
propriety or duty; want of moderation; excess; especially, undue
expenditure of money; vaid and superfluous expense; prodigality; as,
extravagance of anger, love, expression, imagination, demands.
Some verses of my own, Maximin and Almanzor, cry vengeance on me for
their extravagance. Dryden.
The income of three dukes was enough to supply her extravagance.
Arbuthnot.

Syn.
 -- Wildness; irregularity; excess; prodigality; profusion; waste;
lavishness; unreasonableness; recklessness.

EXTRAVAGANCY
Ex*trav"a*gan*cy, n.; pl. Extravagancies (.

Defn: Extravagance.

EXTRAVAGANT
Ex*trav"a*gant, a. Etym: [F. extravagant, fr. L. extra on the outside
+ vagance, , p. pr. of vagari to wander, from vagus wandering, vague.
See Vague.]

1. Wandering beyond one's bounds; roving; hence, foreign. [Obs.]
The extravagant and erring spirit hies To his confine. Shak.

2. Exceeding due bounds; wild; excessive; unrestrained; as,
extravagant acts, wishes, praise, abuse.
There appears something nobly wild and extravagant in great natural
geniuses. Addison.

3. Profuse in expenditure; prodigal; wasteful; as, an extravagant
man. "Extravagant expense." Bancroft.

EXTRAVAGANT
Ex*trav"a*gant, n.

1. One who is confined to no general rule. L'Estrange.

2. pl. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: Certain constitutions or decretal epistles, not at first
included with others, but subsequently made a part of the canon law.

EXTRAVAGANTLY
Ex*trav"a*gant*ly, adv.

Defn: In an extravagant manner; wildly; excessively; profusely.

EXTRAVAGANTNESS
Ex*trav"a*gant*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being extravagant or in excess; excess;
extravagance.

EXTRAVAGANZA
Ex*trav`a*gan"za, n. Etym: [Extravagance with an Italian ending: cf.
It. stravaganza.]

1. A composition, as in music, or in the drama, designed to produce
effect by its wild irregularity; esp., a musical caricature.

2. An extravagant flight of sentiment or language.

EXTRAVAGATE
Ex*trav"a*gate, v. i. Etym: [Pref. extra + L. vagatus, p. p. of
vagari to rove. See Extravagant.]

Defn: To rove. Bp. Warburton.

EXTRAVAGATION
Ex*trav`a*ga"tion, n.

Defn: A wandering beyond limits; excess. [Obs.] Smollett.

EXTRAVASATE
Ex*trav"a*sate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extravasated(); p. pr. & vb. n.
Extravasating().] Etym: [Pref. extra + L. vas vessel: cf. F.
extravaser. See Vase.]

Defn: To force or let out of the proper vessels or arteries, as
blood.

EXTRAVASATION
Ex*trav`a*sa"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. extravasation.]

Defn: The act of forcing or letting out of its proper vessels or
ducts, as a fluid; effusion; as, an extravasation of blood after a
rupture of the vessels.

EXTRAVASCULAR
Ex`tra*vas"cu*lar, a. (Anat.)
(a) Outside the vessels; -- said of the substance of all the tissues.
(b) Destitute of vessels; non-vascular.

EXTRAVENATE
Ex*trav"e*nate, a. Etym: [Pref. extra + L. vena vein.]

Defn: Let out of the veins. [Obs.] "Extravenate blood." Glanvill.

EXTRAVERSION
Ex`tra*ver"sion, n. Etym: [Pref. extra + L. vertere, versum, to turn:
cf. F. extraversion.]

Defn: The act of throwing out; the state of being turned or thrown
out. [Obs.] Boyle.

EXTREAT
Ex*treat", n. Etym: [See Estreat, Extract.]

Defn: Extraction. [Obs.] Spenser.

EXTREME
Ex*treme", a. Etym: [L. extremus, superl. of exter, extrus, on the
outside, outward: cf. F. extrême. See Exterior.]

1. At the utmost point, edge, or border; outermost; utmost; farthest;
most remote; at the widest limit.

2. Last; final; conclusive; -- said of time; as, the extreme hour of
life.

3. The best of worst; most urgent; greatest; highest; immoderate;
excessive; most violent; as, an extreme case; extreme folly. "The
extremest remedy." Dryden. "Extreme rapidity." Sir W. Scott.
Yet extreme gusts will blow out fire. Shak.

4. Radical; ultra; as, extreme opinions.
The Puritans or extreme Protestants. Gladstone.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: Extended or contracted as much as possible; -- said of
intervals; as, an extreme sharp second; an extreme flat forth.
Extreme and mean ratio (Geom.), the relation of a line and its
segments when the line is so divided that the whole is to the greater
segment is to the less.
 -- Extreme distance. (Paint.) See Distance., n., 6.
 -- Extreme unction. See under Unction.

Note: Although this adjective, being superlative in signification, is
not properly subject to comparison, the superlative form not
unfrequently occurs, especially in the older writers. "Tried in his
extremest state." Spenser. "Extremest hardships." Sharp. "Extremest
of evils." Bacon. "Extremest verge of the swift brook." Shak. "The
sea's extremest borders." Addison.

EXTREME
Ex*treme", n.

1. The utmost point or verge; that part which terminates a body;
extremity.

2. Utmost limit or degree that is supposable or tolerable; hence,
furthest degree; any undue departure from the mean; -- often in the
plural: things at an extreme distance from each other, the most
widely different states, etc.; as, extremes of heat and cold, of
virtue and vice; extremes meet.
His parsimony went to the extreme of meanness. Bancroft.

3. An extreme state or condition; hence, calamity, danger, distress,
etc. "Resolute in most extremes." Shak.

4. (Logic)

Defn: Either of the extreme terms of a syllogism, the middle term
being interposed between them.

5. (Math.)

Defn: The first or the last term of a proportion or series. In the
extreme as much as possible. "The position of the Port was difficult
in the extreme." J. P. Peters.

EXTREMELESS
Ex*treme"less, a.

Defn: Having no extremes; infinite.

EXTREMELY
Ex*treme"ly, adv.

Defn: In an extreme manner or state; in the utmost degree; to the
utmost point; exceedingly; as, extremely hot or cold.

EXTREMIST
Ex*trem"ist, n.

Defn: A supporter of extreme doctrines or practice; one who holds
extreme opinions.

EXTREMITY
Ex*trem"i*ty, n.; pl. Extremities(. Etym: [L. extremitas: cf. F.
extrémité.]

1. The extreme part; the utmost limit; the farthest or remotest point
or part; as, the extremities of a country.
They sent fleets . . . to the extremities of Ethiopia. Arbuthnot.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of locomotive appendages of an animal; a limb; a leg or an
arm of man.

3. The utmost point; highest degree; most aggravated or intense form.
"The extremity of bodily pain." Ray.

4. The highest degree of inconvenience, pain, or suffering; greatest
need or peril; extreme need; necessity.
Divers evils and extremities that follow upon such a compulsion shall
here be set in view. Milton.
Upon mere extremity he summoned this last Parliament. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Verge; border; extreme; end; termination.

EXTRICABLE
Ex"tri*ca*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being extricated. Sir W. Jones.

EXTRICATE
Ex"tri*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extricated(); p. pr. & vb. n.
Extricating().] Etym: [L. extricatus, p. p. of extricare to
extricate; ex out + tricae trifles, impediments, perplexities. Cf.
Intricate.]

1. To free, as from difficulties or perplexities; to disentangle; to
disembarrass; as, to extricate a person from debt, peril, etc.
We had now extricated ourselves from the various labyrinths and
defiles. Eustance.

2. To cause to be emitted or evolved; as, to extricate heat or
moisture.

Syn.
 -- To disentangle; disembarrass; disengage; relieve; evolve; set
free; liberate.

EXTRICATION
Ex`tri*ca"tion, n.

1. The act or process of extricating or disentangling; a freeing from
perplexities; disentanglement.

2. The act of sending out or evolving.

EXTRINSIC
Ex*trin"sic, a. Etym: [L. extrinsecus; exter on the outside + secus
otherwise, beside; akin to E. second: cf. F. extrinsèque. See
Exterior, Second.]

1. Not contained in or belonging to a body; external; outward;
unessential; -- opposed to intrinsic.
The extrinsic aids of education and of artificial culture. I. Taylor.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Attached partly to an organ or limb and partly to some other
partintrinsic.

EXTRINSICAL
Ex*trin"sic*al, a.

Defn: Extrinsic.
 -- Ex*trin"sic*al*ly(#), adv.

EXTRINSICALITY; EXTRINSICALNESS
Ex*trin`si*cal"i*ty, Ex*trin"sic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being extrinsic.

EXTROITIVE
Ex*tro"i*tive, a. Etym: [L. extra on the outside + ire, itum, to go.]

Defn: Seeking or going out after external objects. [R.]
Their natures being almost wholly extroitive. Coleridge.

EXTRORSAL
Ex*tror"sal, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Extrorse.

EXTRORSE
Ex*trorse", a. Etym: [As if from an assumed L. extrorsus, for
extroversus; extra on the outside + vertere, versum, to turn: cf. F.
extrorse.] (Bot.)

Defn: Facing outwards, or away from the axis of growth; -- said esp.
of anthers occupying the outer side of the filament.

EXTROVERSION
Ex`tro*ver"sion, n. Etym: [See Extrorse.]

Defn: The condition of being turned wrong side out; as, extroversion
of the bladder. Dunglison.

EXTRUCT
Ex*truct", v. t. Etym: [L. extructus, exstructus, p. p. of extruere,
exstruere, to build up; ex out + struere to build.]

Defn: To construct. [Obs.] Byrom.

EXTRUCTION
Ex*truc"tion, n. Etym: [L. exstructio.]

Defn: A building up; construction. [Obs.] Cockeram.

EXTRUCTIVE
Ex*truct"ive, a.

Defn: Constructive. [Obs.] Fulke.

EXTRUCTOR
Ex*truct"or, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A builder. [Obs.] Bailey.

EXTRUDE
Ex*trude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extruded; p. pr. & vb. n. Extruding.]
Etym: [L. extrudere, extrusum; ex out + trudere to thrust, akin to E.
threat. See Threat.]

Defn: To thrust out; to force, press, or push out; to expel; to drive
off or away. "Parentheses thrown into notes or extruded to the
margin." Coleridge.

EXTRUSION
Ex*tru"sion, n.

Defn: The act of thrusting or pushing out; a driving out; expulsion.

EXTRUSIVE
Ex*tru"sive, a. [See Extrude.] (Geol.)

Defn: Forced out at the surface; as, extrusive rocks; -- contrasted
with intrusive.

EXTUBERANCE
Ex*tu"ber*ance, n.

Defn: A swelling or rising; protuberance. [R.] Moxon.

EXTUBERANCY
Ex*tu"ber*an*cy, n.

Defn: Extuberance. [R.]

EXTUBERANT
Ex*tu"ber*ant, a. Etym: [L. extuberare.]

Defn: Swollen out; protuberant. [R.] "Extuberant lips." Gayton.

EXTUBERATE
Ex*tu"ber*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. extuberatus, p. pr. of extuberare to
swell; ex out + tuber a swelling.]

Defn: To swell out. [Obs.] Cockeram.

EXTUBERATION
Ex*tu`ber*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. extuberatio.]

Defn: Protuberance. [Obs.] Farindon.

EXTUMESCENCE
Ex`tu*mes"cence, n. Etym: [L. ex. + tumescens, p. pr. of tumescere,
incho. fr. tumere to swell: cf. F. extumescence.]

Defn: A swelling or rising. [R.] Cotgrave.

EXUBERANCE
Ex*u"ber*ance, n. Etym: [L. exuberantia: cf. F. exubérance.]

Defn: The state of being exuberant; an overflowing quantity; a
copious or excessive production or supply; superabundance; richness;
as, an exuberance of joy, of fancy, or of foliage.

Syn.
 -- Abundance; superabundance; excess; plenty; copiousness;
profusion; richness; overflow; overgrowth; rankness; wantonness. See
Abundance.

EXUBERANCY
Ex*u"ber*an*cy

Defn: , . Exuberance.

EXUBERANT
Ex*u"ber*ant, a. Etym: [L. exuberans, exuberantis, p. pr. of
exuberare to be abundant; ex + uberare to be fruitful, fr. uber
fruitful, fertile, uber udder: cf. F. exubérant. See Udder.]

Defn: Characterized by abundance or superabundance; plenteous; rich;
overflowing; copious or excessive in production; as, exuberant
goodness; an exuberant intellect; exuberant foliage. "Exuberant
spring." Thomson.
 -- Ex*u"ber*ant*ly, adv.

EXUBERATE
Ex*u"ber*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. exuberatus, p. p. of exuberare. See
Exuberant, n.]

Defn: To abound; to be in great abundance. [Obs.] Boyle.

EXUCCOUS
Ex*uc"cous, a.

Defn: See Exsuccous. [Obs.]

EXUDATE
Ex*u"date, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Exude.]

Defn: To exude. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EXUDATION
Ex`u*da"tion, n.

Defn: The act of exuding; sweating; a discharge of humors, moisture,
juice, or gum, as through pores or incisions; also, the substance
exuded.
Resins, a class of proximate principles, existing in almost all
plants and appearing on the external surface of many of them in the
form of exudations. Am. Cyc.

EXUDE
Ex*ude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exuded; p. pr. & vb. n. exuding.] Etym:
[L. exudare, exsudare, exudatum, exsudatum, to sweat out; ex out +
sudare to sweat: cf. F. exuder, exsuder. See Sweat.]

Defn: To discharge through pores or incisions, as moisture or other
liquid matter; to give out.
Our forests exude turpentine in . . . abundance. Dr. T. Dwight.

EXUDE
Ex*ude", v. i.

Defn: To flow from a body through the pores, or by a natural
discharge, as juice.

EXULCERATE
Ex*ul"cer*ate, v. t. & i. Etym: [L. exulceratus, p. p. of exulcerare
to make sore; ex out + ulcerare. See Ulcerate.]

1. To ulcerate. [Obs.] "To exulcerate the lungs." Evelyn.

2. To corrode; to fret; to chafe; to inflame. [Obs.]
Minds exulcerated in themselves. Hooker.

EXULCERATE
Ex*ul"cer*ate, a. Etym: [L. exulceratus, p. p.]

Defn: Very sore; ulcerated. [Obs.] Bacon.

EXULCERATION
Ex*ul`cer*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. exulceratio: cf. F. exulcération.]
[Obs. or R.]

1. Ulceration. Quincy.

2. A fretting; a festering; soreness. Hooker.

EXULCERATIVE
Ex*ul"cer*a*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to cause ulcers; exulceratory. Holland.

EXULCERATORY
Ex*ul"cer*a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. exulceratorius: cf. F.
exulcératoire.]

Defn: Having a tendency to form ulcers; rendering ulcerous.

EXULT
Ex*ult", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Exulted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exulting.]
Etym: [L. exultare, exsultare, exultatum, exsultatum, to leap
vigorously, to exult, intens. fr. exsilire to spring out or up; ex
out + salire to spring, leap: cf. F. exulter. See Salient.]

Defn: To be in high spirits; figuratively, to leap for joy; to
rejoice in triumph or exceedingly; to triumph; as, an exulting heart.
"An exulting countenance." Bancroft.
The dumb shall sing, the lame his crutch forego, And leap exulting
like the bounding roe. Pope.

EXULTANCE; EXULTANCY
Ex*ult"ance, Ex*ult"an*cy, n. Etym: [L. exsultantia.]

Defn: Exultation. [Obs.] Burton. Hammond.

EXULTANT
Ex*ult"ant, a. Etym: [L. exsultans, exsultantis, p. pr. of exsultare.
See Exult.]

Defn: Inclined to exult; characterized by, or expressing, exultation;
rejoicing triumphantly.
Break away, exultant, from every defilement. I. Tay;or.

EXULTATION
Ex`ul*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. exsultatio: cf. F. exultation.]

Defn: The act of exulting; lively joy at success or victory, or at
any advantage gained; rapturous delight; triumph.
His bosom swelled with exultation. Prescott.

EXULTING
Ex*ult"ing, a.

Defn: Rejoicing triumphantly or exceedingly; exultant.
 -- Ex*ult"ing*ly, adv.

EXUNDATE
Ex*un"date, v. i. Etym: [L. exundatus, p. p. of exundare to overflow;
ex out + undare. See Undated waved.]

Defn: To overflow; to inundate. [Obs.] Bailey.

EXUNDATION
Ex`un*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. exundatio.]

Defn: An overflow, or overflowing abundance. [R.] Ray.

EXUNGULATE
Ex*un"gu*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exungulated(); p. pr. & vb. n.
Exungulating().] Etym: [L. exungulare to lose the hoof, ex out, from
+ ungula. See Ungula.]

Defn: To pare off, as nails, the hoof, etc. [R.]

EXUPERABLE
Ex*u"per*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. exuperabilis, exsuperabilis. See
Exuperate.]

Defn: Surmountable; superable. [Obs.] Johnson.

EXUPERANCE
Ex*u"per*ance, n. Etym: [L. exuperantia, exsuperantia.]

Defn: Superiority; superfluity. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

EXUPERANT
Ex*u"per*ant, a. Etym: [L. exuperans, exsuperans, p. pr.]

Defn: Surpassing; exceeding; surmounting. [Obs.]

EXUPERATE
Ex*u"per*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. exuperatus, exsuperatus, p. p. of
exuperare, exsuperare to excel; ex out + superare to go over, super
above, over.]

Defn: To excel; to surmount. [Obs.]

EXUPERATION
Ex*u`per*a"tion, n. Etym: [See Exurgent.]

Defn: The act of rising or coming into view. [Obs.] Baxter.

EXURGENT
Ex*ur"gent, a. Etym: [L. exurgens, exsurgens, p. pr. of exurgere,
exsurgere, to rise up; ex out + surgere to rise.]

Defn: Arising; coming to light. [Obs.]

EXUSCITATE
Ex*us"ci*tate, v. t.

Defn: See Exsuscitate [Obs.] T. Adams.

EXUSTION
Ex*us"tion, n. Etym: [L. exustio, fr. exurere, exustum, to burn up;
ex out + urere to burn.]

Defn: The act or operation of burning up. Bailey.

EXUTORY
Ex*u"to*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. exutoire. See Exuv.] (Med.)

Defn: An issue.

EXUVIA
Ex*u"vi*a,

Defn: n. sing. of Exuviæ.

EXUVIABILITY
Ex*u`vi*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of shedding the skin periodically. Craig.

EXUVIABLE
Ex*u"vi*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. exuviable.]

Defn: Capable of being cast off in the form of exuviæ.

EXUVIAE
Ex*u"vi*æ, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. exuere to draw out or off, to pull
off.]

1. (Zoöl)

Defn: Cast skins, shells, or coverings of animals; any parts of
animals which are shed or cast off, as the skins of snakes, the
shells of lobsters, etc.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: The fossil shells and other remains which animals have left in
the strata of the earth.

EXUVIAL
Ex*u"vi*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to exuviæ. "Exuvial layers." "Exuvial
deposits."

EXUVIATE
Ex*u"vi*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Exuviated, p. pr. & vb. n.
Exuviating.] ( Etym: [From Exuviae.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: To shed an old covering or condition preliminary to taking on a
new one; to molt.
There is reason to suppose that very old crayfish do not exuviate
every year. Huxley.

EXUVIATION
Ex*u`vi*a"tion, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The rejecting or casting off of some part, more particularly,
the outer cuticular layer, as the shells of crustaceans, skins of
snakes, etc.; molting; ecdysis.

EX-VOTO
Ex`-vo"to, n.;pl. Ex-votos (-töz). Etym: [L. ex out of, in accordance
with + voto, abl. of votum a vow.]

Defn: An offering to a church in fulfillment of a vow.

EY
Ey, n.Etym: [AS.ig. Cf.Eyot.]

Defn: An island. [Obs.]

EY
Ey, n.; pl. Eyren (.

Defn: See Egg. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EY
Ey,

Defn: an interj. of wonder or inquiry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EYALET
E`ya*let", n. Etym: [Turk.,fr. Ar.iyalah.]

Defn: Formerly, one of the administrative divisions or provinces of
the Ottoman Empire; -- now called a vilayet.

EYAS
Ey`as, n. Etym: [F.niais fresh from the nest, a derivative fr. L.
nidus nest. E. an eyas for a nias. See Nest, and cf. Nias, Jashawk.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A nesting or unfledged Lird; in falconry, a young hawk from the
nest, not able to pr Shak J. H. Walsh

EYAS
Ey"as, a.

Defn: Unfledged, or newly fledged. [Obs.]
Like eyas hawk up mounts unto the skies, His newly budded pinions
assay. Spebser.

EYASMUSKET
Ey"as*mus`ket, n. Etym: [Eyas + muske the brid.]

Defn: An unfledged or young male sparrow hawk. [Obs.] Shak.

EYE
Eye, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. nye, an eye being for a nye. See Nye.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A brood; as, an eye of pheasants.

EYE
Eye, n. Etym: [OE. eghe, eighe, eie, eye, AS. eáge; akin to OFries.
age, OS. ga, D. oog, Ohg. ouga, G. auge, Icel. auga, Sw. öga, Dan.
öie, Goth. aug; cf. OSlav. oko, Lish. akis, L. okulus, Gr. , eye, ,
the two eyes, Skr. akshi. Diasy, Ocular, Optic, Eyelet, Ogle.]

1. The organ of sight or vision. In man, and the vertebrates
generally, it is properly the movable ball or globe in the orbit, but
the term often includes the adjacent parts. In most invertebrates the
years are immovable ocelli, or compound eyes made up of numerous
ocelli. See Ocellus. Description of illustration: a b Conjunctiva; c
Cornea; d Sclerotic; e Choroid; f Cillary Muscle; g Cillary Process;
h Iris; i Suspensory Ligament; k Prosterior Aqueous Chamber between h
and i; l Anterior Aqueous Chamber; m Crystalline Lens; n Vitreous
Humor; o Retina; p Yellow spot; q Center of blind spot; r Artery of
Retina in center of the Optic Nerve.

Note: The essential parts of the eye are inclosed in a tough outer
coat, the sclerotic, to which the muscles moving it are attached, and
which in front changes into the transparent cornea. A little way back
of cornea, the crystalline lens is suspended, dividing the eye into
two unequal cavities, a smaller one in front filled with a watery
fluid, the aqueous humor, and larger one behind filled with a clear
jelly, the vitreous humor. The sclerotic is lined with a highly
pigmented membrane, the choroid, and this is turn is lined in the
back half of the eyeball with the nearly transparent retina, in which
the fibers of the optic nerve ramify. The choroid in front is
continuous with the iris, which has a contractile opening in the
center, the pupil, admitting light to the lens which brings the rays
to a focus and forms an image upon the retina, where the light,
falling upon delicate structures called rods and cones, causes them
to stimulate the fibres of the optic nerve to transmit visual
impressions to the brain.

2. The faculty of seeing; power or range of vision; hence, judgment
or taste in the use of the eye, and in judging of objects; as, to
have the eye of sailor; an eye for the beautiful or picturesque.

3. The action of the organ of sight; sight, look; view; ocular
knowledge; judgment; opinion.
In my eye, she is the sweetest lady that I looked on. Shak.

4. The space commanded by the organ of sight; scope of vision; hence,
face; front; the presence of an object which is directly opposed or
confronted; immediate presence.
We shell express our duty in his eye. Shak.
Her shell your hear disproved to her eyes. Shak.

5. Observation; oversight; watch; inspection; notice; attention;
regard. "Keep eyes upon her." Shak.
Booksellers . . . have an eye to their own advantage. Addison.

6. That which resembles the organ of sight, in form, position, or
appearance; as:
(a) (Zoöl.) The spots on a feather, as of peacock.
(b) The scar to which the adductor muscle is attached in oysters and
other bivalve shells; also, the adductor muscle itself, esp. when
used as food, as in the scallop.
(c) The bud or sprout of a plant or tuber; as the eye of a potato.
(d) The center of a target; the bull's-eye.
(e) A small loop to receive a hook; as hooks and eyes on a dress.
(f) The hole through the head of a needle.
(g) A loop forming part of anything, or a hole through anything, to
receive a rope, hook, pin, shaft, etc.; as an eye at the end of a tie
bar in a bridge truss; as an eye through a crank; an eye at the end
of rope.
(h) The hole through the upper millstone.

7. That which resembles the eye in relative importance or beauty.
"The very eye of that proverb." Shak.
Athens, the eye of Greece, mother of arts. Milton.

8. Tinge; shade of color. [Obs.]
Red with an eye of blue makes a purple. Boyle.
By the eye, in abundance. [Obs.] Marlowe.
 -- Elliott eye (Naut.), a loop in a hemp cable made around a thimble
and served.
 -- Eye agate, a kind of circle agate, the central part of which are
of deeper tints than the rest of the mass. Brande & C.
 -- Eye animalcule (Zoöl), a flagellate infusorian belonging to
Euglena and related genera; -- so called because it has a colored
spot like an eye at one end.
 -- Eye doctor, an oculist.
 -- Eye of a volute (Arch.), the circle in the center of volute.
 -- Eye of day, Eye of the morning, Eye of heaven, the sun. "So
gently shuts the eye day." Mrs. Barbauld.
 -- Eye of a ship, the foremost part in the bows of a ship, where,
formerly, eyes were painted; also, the hawser holes. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
 -- Half an eye, very imperfect sight; a careless glance; as, to see
a thing with half an eye; often figuratively. "Those who have but
half an eye. " B. Jonson.
 -- To catch one's eye, to attract one's notice.
 -- To find favor in the eyes (of), to be graciously received and
treated.
 -- To have an eye to, to pay particular attention to; to watch.
"Have an eye to Cinna." Shak.
 -- To keep an eye on, to watch.
 -- To set the eyes on, to see; to have a sight of.
 -- In the eye of the wind (Naut.), in a direction opposed to the
wind; as, a ship sails in the eye of the wind.

EYE
Eye (, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eyed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Eying or Eyeing.]

Defn: To fix the eye on; to look on; to view; to observe;
particularly, to observe or watch narrowly, or with fixed attention;
to hold in view.
Eye me, blest Providence, and square my trial To my proportioned
strength. Milton.

EYE
Eye, v. i.

Defn: To appear; to look. [Obs.]
My becomings kill me, when they do not Eye well to you. Shak.

EYEBALL
Eye"ball`, n.

Defn: The ball or globe of the eye.

EYEBAR
Eye"bar`, n. (Engin.)

Defn: A bar with an eye at one or both ends.

EYEBEAM
Eye"beam`, n.

Defn: A glance of the eye. Shak.

EYEBOLT
Eye"bolt`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: A bolt which a looped head, or an opening in the head.

EYEBRIGHT
Eye"bright`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small annual plant (Euphrasia officinalis), formerly much
used as a remedy for diseases of the eye.

EYEBROW
Eye"brow`, n.

Defn: The brow or hairy arch above the eye. Shak.

EYECUP
Eye"cup`, n.

Defn: A small oval porcelain or glass cup, having a rim curved to fit
the orbit of the eye. it is used in the application of liquid
remedies to eyes; -- called also eyeglass.

EYED
Eyed, a.

Defn: Heaving (such or so many) eyes; -- used in composition; as
sharp-eyed; dull-eyed; sad-eyed; ox-eyed Juno; myriad-eyed.

EYEDROP
Eye"drop", n.

Defn: A tear. [Poetic] Shak.

EYEFLAP
Eye"flap", n.

Defn: A blinder on a horse's bridle.

EYEFUL
Eye"ful, a.

Defn: Filling or satisfying the eye; visible; remarkable. [Obs.]
"Eyeful trophies." Chapman.

EYEGLANCE
Eye"glance`, n.

Defn: A glance of eye.

EYEGLASS
Eye"glass`, n.

1. A lens of glass to assist the sight. Eyeglasses are used singly or
in pairs.

2. Eyepiece of a telescope, microscope, etc.

3. The retina. [Poetic]

4. A glass eyecup. See Eyecup.

EYEHOLE
Eye"hole`, n.

Defn: A circular opening to recive a hook, cord, ring, or rope; an
eyelet.

EYELASH
Eye"lash`, n.

1. The fringe of hair that edges the eyelid; -- usually in the pl.

2. A hair of the fringe on the edge of the eyelid.

EYELESS
Eye"less`, a.

Defn: Without eyes; blind. "Eyeless rage." Shak.

EYELET
Eye"let`, n. Etym: [F., dim. of oculus. See Eye, and cf. Oillet.]

1. A small hole or perforation to receive a cord or fastener, as in
garments, sails, etc.

2. A metal ring or grommet, or short metallic tube, the ends of which
can be bent outward and over to fasten it in place; -- used to line
an eyelet hole. Eyelet hole, a hole made for an eyelet.
 -- Eyelet punch, a machine for punching eyelet holes and fastening
eyelets, as in paper or cloth.
 -- Eyelet ring. See Eyelet, 2.

EYELETEER
Eye`let*eer", n.

Defn: A small, sharp-pointed instrument used in piercing eyelet
holes; a stiletto.

EYELID
Eye`lid", n. (Anat.)

Defn: The cover of the eye; that portion of movable skin with which
an animal covers or uncovers the eyeball at pleasure.

EYE-MINDED
Eye"-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having one's mental imagery prevailingly of the visual type;
having one's thoughts and memories mainly in the form of visual
images. -- Eye"-mind`ed*ness, n.

EYEN
Ey"en, n. pl.

Defn: Eyes. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

EYE OPENER
Eye opener.

Defn: That which makes the eyes open, as startling news or
occurrence, or (U. S. Slang), a drink of liquor, esp. the first one
in the morning.

EYEPIECE
Eye"piece`, n. (Opt.)

Defn: The lens, or combination of lenses, at the eye end of a
telescope or other optical instrument, through which the image formed
by the mirror or object glass is viewed. Collimating eyepiece. See
under Collimate.
 -- Negative, or Huyghenian, eyepiece, an eyepiece consisting of two
plano-convex lenses with their curved surfaces turned toward the
object glass, and separated from each other by about half the sum of
their focal distances, the image viewed by the eye being formed
between the two lenses. it was devised by Huyghens, who applied it to
the telescope. Campani applied it to the microscope, whence it is
sometimes called Campani's eyepiece.
 -- Positive eyepiece, an eyepiece consisting of two plano-convex
lenses placed with their curved surfaces toward each other, and
separated by a distance somewhat less than the focal distance of the
one nearest eye, the image of the object viewed being beyond both
lenses; -- called also, from the name of the inventor, Ramsden's
eyepiece.
 -- terrestrial, or Erecting eyepiece, an eyepiece used in telescopes
for viewing terrestrial objects, consisting of three, or usually
four, lenses, so arranged as to present the image of the object
viewed in an erect position.

EYER
Ey"er, n.

Defn: One who eyes another. Gayton.

EYEREACH
Eye"reach`, n.

Defn: The range or reach of the eye; eyeshot. "A seat in eyereach of
him." B. Jonson.

EYESAINT; EYE-SAINT
Eye"*saint`, n.

Defn: An object of interest to the eye; one wirehaired with the eyes.
[Obs.]
That's the eye-saint, I know, Among young gallants. Beau. & Fl.

EYESALVE
Eye"salve`, n.

Defn: Ointment for the eye.

EYESERVANT
Eye"serv`ant, n.

Defn: A servant who attends faithfully to his duty only when watched.

EYESERVICE
Eye"serv`ice, n.

Defn: Service performed only under inspection, or the eye of an
employer.
Not with eyeservice, as menpleasers. Col. iii. 22.

EYESHOT
Eye"shot`, n.

Defn: Range, reach, or glance of the eye; view; sight; as, to be out
of eyeshot. Dryden.

EYESIGHT
Eye"sight`, n.

Defn: Sight of the eye; the sense of seeing; view; observation.
Josephus sets this down from his own eyesight. Bp. Wilkins.

EYESORE
Eye"sore`, n.

Defn: Something offensive to the eye or sight; a blemish.
Mordecai was an eyesore to Haman. L'Estrange.

EYESPLICE; EYE-SPLICE
Eye"*splice`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A splice formed by bending a rope's and back, and fastening it
into the rope, forming a loop or eye. See Illust. under Splice.

EYESPOT; EYE-SPOT
Eye"*spot`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A simple visual organ found in many invertebrates, consisting of
pigment cells covering a sensory nerve termination.
(b) An eyelike spot of color.

EYESPOTTED; EYE-SPOTTED
Eye"*spot`ted, a.

Defn: Marked with spots like eyes.
Junno's bird, in her eye-spotted train. Spenser.

EYESTALK
Eye"stalk`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the movable peduncles which, in the decapod Crustacea,
bear the eyes at the tip.

EYESTONE
Eye"stone`, n.

1. A small, lenticular, calcareous body, esp. an operculum of a small
shell of the family Tubinid, used to remove a foreign sub stance from
the eye. It is rut into the inner corner of the eye under the lid,
and allowed to work its way out at the outer corner, bringing with
the substance.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Eye agate. See under Eye.

EYESTRING
Eye"string`, n.

Defn: The tendon by which the eye is moved. Shak.

EYET
Ey"et, n.

Defn: An island. See Eyot.

EYETOOTH
Eye"tooth, n.; pl. Eyeteeth ( (Anat.)

Defn: A canine tooth of the upper jaw. See Teeth. To cut one's
eyeteeth, to become acute or knowing. [Colloq.]

EYEWASH
Eye"wash, n.

Defn: See Eyewater.

EYEWATER
Eye"wa`ter, n. (Med.)

Defn: A wash or lotion for application to the eyes.

EYEWINK
Eye"wink`, n.

Defn: A wink; a token. Shak.

EYEWINKER
Eye"wink`er, n.

Defn: An eyelash. [A child's word.]

EYEWITNESS
Eye"wit`ness, n.

Defn: One who sees a thing done; one who has ocular view anything.
We . . . were eyewitnesses of his majesty. 2 Pet. i. 16.

EYGHEN
Ey"ghen, n. pl.

Defn: Eyes. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EYGHT
Eyght, n.

Defn: An island. See Eyot.

EYLE
Eyle v. t.& i.

Defn: To ail. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EYLIAD
Ey"liad, n.

Defn: See Eiliad.

EYNE; EYEN
Eyne, or Ey"en, n.

Defn: Plural of eye; obsolete, or used only in poetry. Shak.
With such a plaintive gaze their eyne Are fastened upwardly on mine.
Mrs. Browning.

EYOT
Ey"ot, n. Etym: [Ey (AS. ig or Icel. ey) + F. dim. termination -ot;
cf. AS. igeoedt. See Island, and cf. Ait.]

Defn: A little island in a river or lake. See Ait. [Written also ait,
ayt, eey, eyet, and eyght.] Blackstone.

EYR
Eyr, n. Etym: [See Air.]

Defn: Air. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EYRA
Ey"ra, n. Etym: [Native South American name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wild cat (Felis eyra) ranging from southern Brazil to Texas.
It is reddish yellow and about the size of the domestic cat, but with
a more slender body and shorter legs.

EYRE
Eyre, n. Etym: [OF. erre journey, march, way, fr. L. iter, itineris,
a going, way, fr. the root of ire to go. Cf. Errant, Itinerant,
Issue.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A journey in circuit of certain judges called justices in eyre
(or in itinere).

Note: They were itinerant judges, who rode the circuit, holding
courts in the different counties.

EYREN
Ey"ren, n. pl.

Defn: See Ey, an egg.

EYRIE; EYRY
Ey"rie, Ey"ry, n.; pl. Ey"ries. Etym: [See Aerie]

Defn: The nest of a bird of prey or other large bird that builds in a
lofty place; aerie.
The eagle and the stork On cliffs and cedar tops their eyries build.
Milton.

EYSELL
Ey"sell, n.

Defn: Same as Eisel. [Obs.] Shak.

F
F (êf)

Defn: .

1. F is the sixth letter of the English alphabet, and a nonvocal
consonant. Its form and sound are from the Latin. The Latin borrowed
the form from the Greek digamma w consonant. The form and value of
Greek letter came from the Phoenician, the ultimate source being
probably Egyptian. Etymologically fis most closely related to p,k,v,
and b; as in E. five, Gr. f, L. lupus, Gr. fox, vixen ; fragile,
break ; fruit, brook, v. t.; E. bear, L. ferre. See Guide to
Pronunciation, sq. root 178, 179, 188, 198, 230.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The name of the fourth tone of the model scale, or scale of C.
F sharp (F #) is a tone intermediate between F and G. F clef, the
bass clef. See under Clef.

FA
Fa, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)
(a) A syllable applied to the fourth tone of the diatonic scale in
solmization.
(b) The tone F.

FABACEOUS
Fa*ba"ceous, a. Etym: [L. fabaceus, fr. faba bean.]

Defn: Having the nature of a bean; like a bean.

FABELLA
Fa*bel"la, n.; pl. Fabellae (-l. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. faba a bean.]
(Anat.)

Defn: One of the small sesamoid bones situated behind the condyles of
the femur, in some mammals.

FABIAN
Fa"bi*an, a. Etym: [L. Fabianus, Fabius, belonging to Fabius.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or in the manner of, the Roman general,
Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus; cautious; dilatory; avoiding a
decisive contest. Fabian policy, a policy like that of Fabius
Maximus, who, by carefully avoiding decisive contests, foiled
Hannibal, harassing his army by marches, countermarches, and
ambuscades; a policy of delays and cautions.

FABLE
Fa"ble, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. fabula, fr. fari to speak, say. See Ban,
and cf. Fabulous, Fame.]

1. A Feigned story or tale, intended to instruct or amuse; a
fictitious narration intended to enforce some useful truth or
precept; an apologue. See the Note under Apologue.
Jotham's fable of the trees is the oldest extant. Addison
.

2. The plot, story, or connected series of events, forming the
subject of an epic or dramatic poem.
The moral is the first business of the poet; this being formed, he
contrives such a design or fable as may be most suitable to the
moral. Dryden.

3. Any story told to excite wonder; common talk; the theme of talk.
"Old wives' fables. " 1 Tim. iv. 7.
We grew The fable of the city where we dwelt. Tennyson.

4. Fiction; untruth; falsehood.
It would look like a fable to report that this gentleman gives away a
great fortune by secret methods. Addison.

FABLE
Fa"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fabled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fabling.]

Defn: To compose fables; hence, to write or speak fiction ; to write
or utter what is not true. "He Fables not." Shak.
Vain now the tales which fabling poets tell. Prior.
He fables, yet speaks truth. M. Arnold.

FABLE
Fa"ble, v. t.

Defn: To fiegn; to invent; to devise, and speak of, as true or real;
to tell of falsely.
The hell thou fablest. Milton.

FABLER
Fa"bler, n.

Defn: A writer of fables; a fabulist; a dealer in untruths or
falsehoods. Br. Hall.

FABLIAU
Fa`bli`au", n.; pl. Fabliaux . Etym: [F., fr. OF.fablel, dim. of
fable a fable.] (Fr. Lit.)

Defn: One of the metrical tales of the Trouvères, or early poets of
the north of France.

FABRIC
Fab"ric, n. Etym: [L. fabrica fabric, workshop: cf. F. fabrique
fabric. See Forge.]

1. The structure of anything; the manner in which the parts of a
thing are united; workmanship; texture; make; as cloth of a beautiful
fabric.

2. That which is fabricated; as :
(a) Framework; structure; edifice; building.
Anon out of the earth a fabric huge Rose like an exhalation. Milton.

(b) Cloth of any kind that is woven or knit from fibers, either
vegetable or animal; manufactured cloth; as, silks or other fabrics.

3. The act of constructing; construction. [R.]
Tithe was received by the bishop, . . . for the fabricof the churches
for the poor. Milman.

4. Any system or structure consisting of connected parts; as, the
fabric of the universe.
The whole vast fabric of society. Macaulay.

FABRIC
Fab"ric, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fabricked; p. pr. & vb. n. Fabricking.]

Defn: To frame; to built; to construct. [Obs.] "Fabric their
mansions." J. Philips.

FABRICANT
Fab"ri*cant, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: One who fabricates; a manufacturer. Simmonds.

FABRICATE
Fab"ri*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fabricated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fabricating.] Etym: [L. fabricatus, p.p. of fabricari, fabricare, to
frame, build, forge, fr. fabrica. See Fabric, Farge.]

1. To form into a whole by uniting its parts; to frame; to construct;
to build; as, to fabricate a bridge or ship.

2. To form by art and labor; to manufacture; to produce; as, to
fabricate woolens.

3. To invent and form; to forge; to devise falsely; as, to fabricate
a lie or story.
Our books were not fabricated with an accomodation to prevailing
usages. Paley.

FABRICATION
Fab`ri*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. fabricatio; cf. F. fabrication.]

1. The act of fabricating, framing, or constructing; construction;
manufacture; as, the fabrication of a bridge, a church, or a
government. Burke.

2. That which is fabricated; a falsehood; as, the story is doubtless
a fabrication.

Syn.
 -- See Fiction.

FABRICATOR
Fab"ri*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who fabricates; one who constructs or makes.
The fabricator of the works of Ossian. Mason.

FABRICATRESS
Fab"ri*ca`tress, n.

Defn: A woman who fabricates.

FABRILE
Fab"rile, a. Etym: [L. fabrilis, fr. faber workman. See Forge.]

Defn: Pertaining to a workman, or to work in stone, metal, wood etc.;
as, fabrile skill.

FABULIST
Fab"u*list, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fabuliste, fr. L. fabula. See Fable.]

Defn: One who invents or writes fables.

FABULIZE
Fab"u*lize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fabulized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fabulizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. fabuliser. See Fable.]

Defn: To invent, compose, or relate fables or fictions. G. S. Faber.

FABULOSITY
Fab`u*los"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. fabulositas: cf. F. fabulosité.]

1. Fabulousness. [R.] Abp. Abbot.

2. A fabulous or fictitious story. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

FABULOUS
Fab"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. fabulosus; cf. F. fabuleux. See Fable.]

1. Feigned, as a story or fable; related in fable; devised; invented;
not real; fictitious; as, a fabulous description; a fabulous hero.
The fabulous birth of Minerva. Chesterfield.

2. Passing belief; exceedingly great; as, a fabulous price. Macaulay.
Fabulous age, that period in the history of a nation of which the
only accounts are myths and unverified legends; as, the fabulous age
of Greek and Rome.
 -- Fab"u*lous*ly, adv.
 -- Fab"u*lous*ness, n.

FABURDEN
Fab"ur*den, n. Etym: [F. foux bpirdon. See False, and Burden a
verse.]

1. (Mus.)
(a) A species of counterpoint with a drone bass.
(b) A succession of chords of the sixth. [Obs.]

2. A monotonous refrain. [Obs.] Holland.

FAC
Fac, n. Etym: [Abbrev. of facsimile.]

Defn: A large ornamental letter used, esp. by the early printers, at
the commencement of the chapters and other divisions of a book.
Brande & C.

FACADE
Fa`çade", n. Etym: [F., fr. It. facciata, fr. fassia face, L. facies.
See Face.] (Arch.)

Defn: The front of a building; esp., the principal front, having some
architectural pretensions. Thus a church is said to have its facade
unfinished, though the interior may be in use.

FACE
Face, n. Etym: [F., from L. facies form, shape, face, perh. from
facere to make (see Fact); or perh. orig. meaning appearance, and
from a root meaning to shine, and akin to E. fancy. Cf. Facetious.]

1. The exterior form or appearance of anything; that part which
presents itself to the view; especially, the front or upper part or
surface; that which particularly offers itself to the view of a
spectator.
A mist . . . watered the whole face of the ground. Gen. ii. 6.
Lake Leman wooes me with its crystal face. Byron.

2. That part of a body, having several sides, which may be seen from
one point, or which is presented toward a certain direction; one of
the bounding planes of a solid; as, a cube has six faces.

3. (Mach.)
(a) The principal dressed surface of a plate, disk, or pulley; the
principal flat surface of a part or object.
(b) That part of the acting surface of a cog in a cog wheel, which
projects beyond the pitch line.
(c) The width of a pulley, or the length of a cog from end to end;
as, a pulley or cog wheel of ten inches face.

4. (Print.)
(a) The upper surface, or the character upon the surface, of a type,
plate, etc.
(b) The style or cut of a type or font of type.

5. Outside appearance; surface show; look; external aspect, whether
natural, assumed, or acquired.
To set a face upon their own malignant design. Milton.
This would produce a new face of things in Europe. Addison.
We wear a face of joy, because We have been glad of yore. Wordsworth.

6. That part of the head, esp. of man, in which the eyes, cheeks,
nose, and mouth are situated; visage; countenance.
In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread. Gen. iii. 19.

7. Cast of features; expression of countenance; look; air;
appearance.
We set the best faceon it we could. Dryden.

8. (Astrol.)

Defn: Ten degrees in extent of a sign of the zodiac. Chaucer.

9. Maintenance of the countenance free from abashment or confusion;
confidence; boldness; shamelessness; effrontery.
This is the man that has the face to charge others with false
citations. Tillotson.

10. Presence; sight; front; as in the phrases, before the face of, in
the immediate presence of; in the face of, before, in, or against the
front of; as, to fly in the face of danger; to the face of, directly
to; from the face of, from the presenceof.

11. Mode of regard, whether favorable or unfavorable; favor or anger;
mostly in Scriptural phrases.
The Lord make his face to shine upon thee. Num. vi. 25.
My face [favor] will I turn also from them. Ezek. vii. 22.

12. (Mining)

Defn: The end or wall of the tunnel, drift, or excavation, at which
work is progressing or was last done.

13. (Com.)

Defn: The exact amount expressed on a bill, note, bond, or other
mercantile paper, without any addition for interest or reduction for
discount. McElrath.

Note: Face is used either adjectively or as part of a compound; as,
face guard or face-guard; face cloth; face plan or face-plan; face
hammer. Face ague (Med.), a form of neuralgia, characterized by acute
lancinating pains returning at intervals, and by twinges in certain
parts of the face, producing convulsive twitches in the corresponding
muscles; -- called also tic douloureux.
 -- Face card, one of a pack of playing cards on which a human face
is represented; the king, queen, or jack.
 -- Face cloth, a cloth laid over the face of a corpse.
 -- Face guard, a mask with windows for the eyes, worn by workman
exposed to great heat, or to flying particles of metal, stone, etc.,
as in glass works, foundries, etc.
 -- Face hammer, a hammer having a flat face.
 -- Face joint (Arch.), a joint in the face of a wall or other
structure.
 -- Face mite (Zoöll.), a small, elongated mite (Demdex
folliculorum), parasitic in the hair follicles of the face.
 -- Face mold, the templet or pattern by which carpenters, ect.,
outline the forms which are to be cut out from boards, sheet metal,
ect.
 -- Face plate. (a) (Turning) A plate attached to the spindle of a
lathe, to which the work to be turned may be attached. (b) A covering
plate for an object, to receive wear or shock. (c) A true plane for
testing a dressed surface. Knight.
 -- Face wheel. (Mach.) (a) A crown wheel. (b) A Wheel whose disk
face is adapted for grinding and polishing; a lap. Cylinder face
(Steam Engine), the flat part of a steam cylinder on which a slide
valve moves.
 -- Face of an anvil, its flat upper surface.
 -- Face of a bastion (Fort.), the part between the salient and the
shoulder angle.
 -- Face of coal (Mining), the principal cleavage plane, at right
angles to the stratification.
 -- Face of a gun, the surface of metal at the muzzle.
 -- Face of a place (Fort.), the front comprehended between the
flanked angles of two neighboring bastions. Wilhelm.
 -- Face of a square (Mil.), one of the sides of a battalion when
formed in a square.
 -- Face of a watch, clock, compass, card etc., the dial or graduated
surface on which a pointer indicates the time of day, point of the
compass, etc.
 -- Face to face. (a) In the presence of each other; as, to bring the
accuser and the accused face to face. (b) Without the interposition
of any body or substance. "Now we see through a glass darkly; but
then face to face." 1 Cor. xiii. 12. (c) With the faces or finished
surfaces turned inward or toward one another; vis à vis; -- opposed
to back to back.
 -- To fly in the face of, to defy; to brave; to withstand.
 -- To make a face, to distort the countenance; to make a grimace.
Shak.

FACE
Face, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Faced; p. pr. & vb. n. Facing.]

1. To meet in front; to oppose with firmness; to resist, or to meet
for the purpose of stopping or opposing; to confront; to encounter;
as, to face an enemy in the field of battale.
I'll face This tempest, and deserve the name of king. Dryden.

2. To Confront impudently; to bully.
I will neither be facednor braved. Shak.

3. To stand opposite to; to stand with the face or front toward; to
front upon; as, the apartments of the general faced the park.
He gained also with his forces that part of Britain which faces
Ireland. Milton.

4. To cover in front, for ornament, protection, etc.; to put a facing
upon; as, a building faced with marble.

5. To line near the edge, esp. with a different material; as, to face
the front of a coat, or the bottom of a dress.

6. To cover with better, or better appearing, material than the mass
consists of, for purpose of deception, as the surface of a box of
tea, a barrel of sugar, etc.

7. (Mach.)

Defn: To make the surface of (anything) flat or smooth; to dress the
face of (a stone, a casting, etc.); esp., in turning, to shape or
smooth the flat surface of, as distinguished from the cylindrical
surface.

8. To cause to turn or present a face or front, as in a particular
direction. To face down, to put down by bold or impudent opposition.
"He faced men down." Prior.
 -- To face (a thing) out, to persist boldly or impudently in an
assertion or in a line of conduct. "That thinks with oaths to face
the matter out." Shak

FACE
Face, v. i.

1. To carry a false appearance; to play the hypocrite. "To lie, to
face, to forge." Spenser.

2. To turn the face; as, to face to the right or left.
Face about, man; a soldier, and afraid! Dryden.

3. To present a face or front.

FACED
Faced, a.

Defn: Having (such) a face, or (so many) faces; as, smooth-faced,
two-faced.

FACER
Fa"cer, n.

1. One who faces; one who puts on a false show; a bold-faced person.
[Obs.]
There be no greater talkers, nor boasters, nor fasers. Latimer.

2. A blow in the face, as in boxing; hence, any severe or stunning
check or defeat, as in controversy. [Collog.]
I should have been a stercoraceous mendicant if I had hollowed when I
got a facer. C. Kingsley.

FACET
Fac"et, n. Etym: [F. facette, dim. of face face. See Face.]

1. A little face; a small, plane surface; as, the facets of a
diamond. [Written also facette.]

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A smooth circumscribed surface; as, the articular facet of a
bone.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: The narrow plane surface between flutings of a column.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the numerous small eyes which make up the compound eyes
of insects and crustaceans.

FACET
Fac"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Faceted; p. pr. & vb. n. Faceting.]

Defn: To cut facets or small faces upon; as, to facet a diamond.

FACETE
Fa*cete", a. Etym: [L. facetus elegant, fine, facetious; akin to
facies. See Face, and cf. Facetious.]

Defn: Facetious; witty; humorous. [Archaic] "A facete discourse."
Jer. Taylor.
"How to interpose" with a small, smart remark, sentiment facete, or
unctuous anecdote. Prof. Wilson.
-- Fa*cete"ly, adv.
 -- Fa*cete"ness, n.

FACETED
Fac"et*ed, a.

Defn: Having facets.

FACETIAE
Fa*ce"ti*æ (, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. facetus. See Facete.]

Defn: Witty or humorous writings or saying; witticisms; merry
conceits.

FACETIOUS
Fa*ce"tious, a. Etym: [Cf. F. facétieux. See Facetiæ.]

1. Given to wit and good humor; merry; sportive; jocular; as, a
facetious companion.

2. Characterized by wit and pleasantry; exciting laughter; as, a
facetious story or reply.
 -- Fa*ce"tious*ly, adv.
 -- Fa*ce"tious*ness, n.

FACETTE
Fa*cette", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Facet, n.

FACEWORK
Face"work`, n.

Defn: The material of the outside or front side, as of a wall or
building; facing.

FACIA
Fa"ci*a, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Fascia.

FACIAL
Fa"cial, a. Etym: [LL. facialis, fr. L. facies face : cf. F. facial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the face; as, the facial artery, vein, or
nerve.
 -- Fa"cial*ly, adv. Facial angle (Anat.), the angle, in a skull,
included between a straight line (ab, in the illustrations), from the
most prominent part of the forehead to the front efge of the upper
jaw bone, and another (cd) from this point to the center of the
external auditory opening. See Gnathic index, under Gnathic.

FACIEND
Fa"ci*end, n. Etym: [From neut. of L. faciendus, gerundive of facere
to do.] (Mach.)

Defn: The multiplicand. See Facient,

2.

FACIENT
Fa"cient, n. Etym: [L. faciens, -- entis, p. pr. of facere to make,
do. See Fact.]

1. One who does anything, good or bad; a doer; an agent. [Obs.] Br.
Hacket.

2. (Mach.)
(a) One of the variables of a quantic as distinguished from a
coefficient.
(b) The multiplier.

Note: The terms facient, faciend, and factum, may imply that the
multiplication involved is not ordinary multiplication, but is either
some specified operation, or, in general, any mathematical operation.
See Multiplication.

FACIES
Fa"ci*es, n. Etym: [L., from, face. See Face.]

1. The anterior part of the head; the face.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The general aspect or habit of a species, or group of species,
esp. with reference to its adaptation to its environment.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The face of a bird, or the front of the head, excluding the
bill. Facies Hippocratica. (Med.) See Hippocratic.

FACILE
Fac"ile a. Etym: [L. facilis, prop., capable of being done or made,
hence, facile, easy, fr. facere to make, do: cf. F. facile. Srr Fact,
and cf. Faculty.]

1. Easy to be done or performed: not difficult; performable or
attainable with little labor.
Order . . . will render the work facile and delightful. Evelyn.

2. Easy to be surmounted or removed; easily conquerable; readily
mastered.
The facile gates of hell too slightly barred. Milton.

3. Easy of access or converse; mild; courteous; not haughty, austere,
or distant; affable; complaisant.
I meant she should be courteous, facile, sweet. B. Jonson.

4. Easily persuaded to good or bad; yielding; ductile to a fault;
pliant; flexible.
Since Adam, and his facile consort Eve, Lost Paradise, deceived by
me. Milton.
This is treating Burns like a child, a person of so facile a
disposition as not to be trusted without a keeper on the king's
highway. Prof. Wilson.

5. Ready; quick; expert; as, he is facile in expedients; he wields a
facile pen.
 -- Fac"ile-ly, adv.
 -- Fac"ile*ness, n.

FACILITATE
Fa*cil"i*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Facilitated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Facilitating.] Etym: [Cf. F. faciliter. See Facility.]

Defn: To make easy or less difficult; to free from difficulty or
impediment; to lessen the labor of; as, to facilitate the execution
of a task.
To invite and facilitate that line of proceeding which the times call
for. I. Taylor.

FACILITATION
Fa*cil`i*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of facilitating or making easy.

FACILITY
Fa*cil"i*ty, n.; pl. Facilities. Etym: [L. facilitas, fr. facilis
easy: cf. F. facilitFacile.]

1. The quality of being easily performed; freedom from difficulty;
ease; as, the facility of an operation.
The facility with which government has been overturned in France.
Burke
.

2. Ease in performance; readiness proceeding from skill or use;
dexterity; as, practice gives a wonderful facility in executing works
of art.

3. Easiness to be persuaded; readiness or compliance; -- usually in a
bad sense; pliancy.
It is a great error to take facility for good nature. L'Estrange.

4. Easiness of access; complaisance; affability.
Offers himself to the visits of a friend with facility. South.

5. That which promotes the ease of any action or course of conduct;
advantage; aid; assistance; -- usually in the plural; as, special
facilities for study.

Syn.
 -- Ease; expertness; readiness; dexterity; complaisance;
condescension; affability.
 -- Facility, Expertness, Readiness. These words have in common the
idea of performing any act with ease and promptitude. Facility
supposes a natural or acquired power of dispatching a task with
lightness and ease. Expertness is the kind of facility acquired by
long practice. Readiness marks the promptitude with which anything is
done. A merchant needs great facility in dispatching business; a
bunker, great expertness in casting accounts; both need great
readiness in passing from one employment to another. "The facility
which we get of doing things by a custom of doing, makes them often
pass in us without our notice." Locke. "The army was celebrated for
the expertness and valor of the soldiers." "A readiness obey the
known will of God is the surest means to enlighten the mind in
respect to duty."

FACING
Fa"cing, n.

1. A covering in front, for ornament or other purpose; an exterior
covering or sheathing; as, the facing of an earthen slope, sea wall,
etc. , to strengthen it or to protect or adorn the exposed surface.

2. A lining placed near the edge of a garment for ornament or
protection.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: The finishing of any face of a wall with material different
from that of which it is chiefly composed, or the coating or material
so used.

4. (Founding)

Defn: A powdered substance, as charcoal, bituminous coal, ect.,
applied to the face of a mold, or mixed with the sand that forms it,
to give a fine smooth surface to the casting.

5. (Mil.) (a) pl.

Defn: The collar and cuffs of a military coat; -- commonly of a color
different from that of the coat.
(b) The movement of soldiers by turning on their heels to the right,
left, or about; -- chiefly in the pl. Facing brick, front or pressed
brick.

FACINGLY
Fa"cing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a facing manner or position.

FACINOROUS
Fa*cin"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. facinorous, from facinus deed, bad deed,
from facere to make, do.]

Defn: Atrociously wicked. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
 -- Fa*cin"o*rous*ness, n. [Obs.]

FACOUND
Fac"ound, n. Etym: [F. faconde, L. facundia. See Facund.]

Defn: Speech; eloquence. [Obs.]
Her facound eke full womanly and plain. Chaucer.

FACSIMILE
Fac*sim"i*le, n.; pl. Facsimiles (-l. Etym: [L. fac simile make like;
or an abbreviation of factum simile made like; facere to make +
similes like. See Fact, and Simile.]

Defn: A copy of anything made, either so as to be deceptive or so as
to give every part and detail of the original; an exact copy or
likeness. Facsimile telegraph, a telegraphic apparatus reproducing
messages in autograph.

FACSIMILE
Fac*sim"i*le

Defn: , (

FACT
Fact, n. Etym: [L. factum, fr. facere to make or do. Cf. Feat,
Affair, Benefit, Defect, Fashion, and -fy.]

1. A doing, making, or preparing. [Obs.]
A project for the fact and vending Of a new kind of fucus, paint for
ladies. B. Jonson.

2. An effect produced or achieved; anything done or that comes to
pass; an act; an event; a circumstance.
What might instigate him to this devilish fact, I am not able to
conjecture. Evelyn.
He who most excels in fact of arms. Milton.

3. Reality; actuality; truth; as, he, in fact, excelled all the rest;
the fact is, he was beaten.

4. The assertion or statement of a thing done or existing; sometimes,
even when false, improperly put, by a transfer of meaning, for the
thing done, or supposed to be done; a thing supposed or asserted to
be done; as, history abounds with false facts.
I do not grant the fact. De Foe.
This reasoning is founded upon a fact which is not true. Roger Long.

Note: TheTerm fact has in jurisprudence peculiar uses in contrast
with low; as, attorney at low, and attorney in fact; issue in low,
and issue in fact. There is also a grand distinction between low and
fact with reference to the province of the judge and that of the
jury, the latter generally determining the fact, the former the low.
Burrill Bouvier. Accessary before, or after, the fact. See under
Accessary.
 -- Matter of fact, an actual occurrence; a verity; used adjectively:
of or pertaining to facts; prosaic; unimaginative; as, a matter-of-
fact narration.

Syn.
 -- Act; deed; performance; event; incident; occurrence;
circumstance.

FACTION
Fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. factio a doing, a company of persons acting
together, a faction: cf. F. faction See Fashion.]

1. (Anc. Hist.)

Defn: One of the divisions or parties of charioteers (distinguished
by their colors) in the games of the circus.

2. A party, in political society, combined or acting in union, in
opposition to the government, or state; -- usually applied to a
minority, but it may be applied to a majority; a combination or
clique of partisans of any kind, acting for their own interests,
especially if greedy, clamorous, and reckless of the common good.

3. Tumult; discord; dissension.
They remained at Newbury in great faction among themselves.
Clarendon.

Syn.
 -- Combination; clique; junto. See Cabal.

FACTIONARY
Fac"tion*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. factionnaire, L. factionarius the
head of a company of charioteers.]

Defn: Belonging to a faction; being a partisan; taking sides. [Obs.]
Always factionary on the party of your general. Shak.

FACTIONER
Fac"tion*er (-r), n.

Defn: One of a faction. Abp. Bancroft.

FACTIONIST
Fac"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who promotes faction.

FACTIOUS
Fac"tious. a. Etym: [L. factiosus: cf. F. factieux.]

1. Given to faction; addicted to form parties and raise dissensions,
in opposition to government or the common good; turbulent; seditious;
prone to clamor against public measures or men; -- said of persons.
Factious for the house of Lancaster. Shak.

2. Pertaining to faction; proceeding from faction; indicating, or
characterized by, faction; -- said of acts or expressions; as,
factious quarrels.
Headlong zeal or factious fury. Burke.
-- Fac"tious*ly, adv.
 -- Fac"tious-ness, n.

FACTITIOUS
Fac*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. factitius, fr. facere to make. See Fact,
and cf. Fetich.]

Defn: Made by art, in distinction from what is produced by nature;
artificial; sham; formed by, or adapted to, an artificial or
conventional, in distinction from a natural, standard or rule; not
natural; as, factitious cinnabar or jewels; a factitious taste.
 -- Fac-ti"tious*ly, adv.
 -- Fac*ti"tious-ness, n.
He acquires a factitious propensity, he forms an incorrigible habit,
of desultory reading. De Quincey.

Syn.
 -- Unnatural.
 -- Factitious, Unnatural. Anything is unnatural when it departs in
any way from its simple or normal state; it is factitious when it is
wrought out or wrought up by labor and effort, as, a factitious
excitement. An unnatural demand for any article of merchandise is one
which exceeds the ordinary rate of consumption; a factitious demand
is one created by active exertions for the purpose. An unnatural
alarm is one greater than the occasion requires; a factitious alarm
is one wrought up with care and effort.

FACTITIVE
Fac"ti*tive. a. Etym: [See Fact.]

1. Causing; causative.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Pertaining to that relation which is proper when the act, as of
a transitive verb, is not merely received by an object, but produces
some change in the object, as when we say, He made the water wine.
Sometimes the idea of activity in a verb or adjective involves in it
a reference to an effect, in the way of causality, in the active
voice on the immediate objects, and in the passive voice on the
subject of such activity. This second object is called the factitive
object. J. W. Gibbs.

FACTIVE
Fac"tive, a.

Defn: Making; having power to make. [Obs.] "You are . . . factive,
not destructive." Bacon.

FACTO
Fac"to, adv. Etym: [L., ablative of factum deed, fact.] (Law)

Defn: In fact; by the act or fact. De facto. (Law) See De facto.

FACTOR
Fac"tor, n. Etym: [L. factor a doer: cf. F. facteur a factor. See
Fact.]

1. (Law)

Defn: One who transacts business for another; an agent; a substitute;
especially, a mercantile agent who buys and sells goods and transacts
business for others in commission; a commission merchant or
consignee. He may be a home factor or a foreign factor. He may buy
and sell in his own name, and he is intrusted with the possession and
control of the goods; and in these respects he differs from a broker.
Story. Wharton.
My factor sends me word, a merchant's fled That owes me for a hundred
tun of wine. Marlowe.

2. A steward or bailiff of an estate. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

3. (Math.)

Defn: One of the elements or quantities which, when multiplied
together, from a product.

4. One of the elements, circumstances, or influences which contribute
to produce a result; a constituent.
The materal and dynamical factors of nutrition. H. Spencer.

FACTOR
Fac"tor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Factored (-trd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Factoring.] (Mach.)

Defn: To resolve (a quantity) into its factors.

FACTORAGE
Fac"tor*age, n. Etym: [Cf. F. factorage.]

Defn: The allowance given to a factor, as a compensation for his
services; -- called also a commission.

FACTORESS
Fac"tor*ess, n.

Defn: A factor who is a woman. [R.]

FACTORIAL
Fac*to"ri*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a factory. Buchanan.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Related to factorials.

FACTORIAL
Fac*to"ri*al, n. (Math.) (a) pl.

Defn: A name given to the factors of a continued product when the
former are derivable from one and the same function F(x) by
successively imparting a constant increment or decrement h to the
independent variable. Thus the product F(x).F(x + h).F(x + 2h) . . .
F[x + (n-1)h] is called a factorial term, and its several factors
take the name of factorials. Brande & C.
(b) The product of the consecutive numbers from unity up to any given
number.

FACTORING
Fac"tor*ing, n. (Math.)

Defn: The act of resolving into factors.

FACTORIZE
Fac"tor*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Factorized (-zd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Factorizing (-"zng).] (Law)
(a) To give warning to; -- said of a person in whose hands the
effects of another are attached, the warning being to the effect that
he shall not pay the money or deliver the property of the defendant
in his hands to him, but appear and answer the suit of the plaintiff.
(b) To attach (the effects of a debtor) in the hands of a third
person ; to garnish. See Garnish. [Vt. & Conn.]

FACTORSHIP
Fac"tor*ship, n.

Defn: The business of a factor.

FACTORY
Fac"to*ry, n.; pl. Factories (-r. Etym: [Cf. F. factorerie.]

1. A house or place where factors, or commercial agents, reside, to
transact business for their employers. "The Company's factory at
Madras." Burke.

2. The body of factors in any place; as, a chaplain to a British
factory. W. Guthrie.

3. A building, or collection of buildings, appropriated to the
manufacture of goods; the place where workmen are employed in
fabricating goods, wares, or utensils; a manufactory; as, a cotton
factory. Factory leg (Med.), a variety of bandy leg, associated with
partial dislocation of the tibia, produced in young children by
working in factories.

FACTOTUM
Fac*to"tum, n.; pl. Factotums (-t. Etym: [L., do everything; facere
to do + totus all : cf. F. factotum. See Fact, and Total.]

Defn: A person employed to do all kinds of work or business. B.
Jonson.

FACTUAL
Fac"tu*al, a.

Defn: Relating to, or containing, facts. [R.]

FACTUM
Fac"tum, n.; pl. Facta. Etym: [L. See Fact.]

1. (Law)

Defn: A man's own act and deed; particularly:
(a) (Civil Law) Anything stated and made certain.
(b) (Testamentary Law) The due execution of a will, including
everything necessary to its validity.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: The product. See Facient, 2.

FACTURE
Fac"ture, n. Etym: [F. facture a making, invoice, L. factura a
making. See Fact.]

1. The act or manner of making or doing anything; -- now used of a
literary, musical, or pictorial production. Bacon.

2. (Com.)

Defn: An invoice or bill of parcels.

FACULAE
Fac"u*læ, n. pl. Etym: [L., pl. of facula a little torch.] (Astron.)

Defn: Groups of small shining spots on the surface of the sun which
are brighter than the other parts of the photosphere. They are
generally seen in the neighborhood of the dark spots, and are
supposed to be elevated portions of the photosphere. Newcomb.

FACULAR
Fac"u*lar a. (Astron.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the faculæ. R. A. Proctor.

FACULTATIVE
Fac"ul*ta*tive, a. [L. facultas, -atis, faculty: cf. F. facultatif,
G. fakultativ.]

1. Having relation to the grant or exercise faculty, or authority,
privilege, license, or the like hence, optional; as, facultative
enactments, or those which convey a faculty, or permission; the
facultative referendum of Switzerland is one that is optional with
the people and is necessary only when demanded by petition;
facultative studies; -- opposed to obligatory and compulsory, and
sometimes used with to.

2.  Of such a character as to admit of existing under various forms
or conditions, or of happening or not happening, or the like;
specif.: (Biol.)

Defn: Having the power to live under different conditions; as, a
facultative parasite, a plant which is normally saprophytic, but
which may exist wholly or in part as a parasite; -- opposed to
obligate.

3.  (Physiol.) Pertaining to a faculty or faculties.

In short, there is no facultative plurality in the mind; it is a
single organ of true judgment for all purposes, cognitive or
practical.
J. Martineau.

FACULTY
Fac"ul*ty, n.; pl. Faculties. Etym: [F. facult, L. facultas, fr.
facilis easy (cf. facul easily), fr. fecere to make. See Fact, and
cf. Facility.]

1. Ability to act or perform, whether inborn or cultivated; capacity
for any natural function; especially, an original mental power or
capacity for any of the well-known classes of mental activity;
psychical or soul capacity; capacity for any of the leading kinds of
soul activity, as knowledge, feeling, volition; intellectual
endowment or gift; power; as, faculties of the mind or the soul.
But know that in the soul Are many lesser faculties that serve Reason
as chief. Milton.
What a piece of work is a man ! how noble in reason ! how infinite in
faculty ! Shak.

2. Special mental endowment; characteristic knack.
He had a ready faculty, indeed, of escaping from any topic that
agitated his too sensitive and nervous temperament. Hawthorne.

3. Power; prerogative or attribute of office. [R.]
This Duncan Hath borne his faculties so meek. Shak.

4. Privilege or permission, granted by favor or indulgence, to do a
particular thing; authority; license; dispensation.
The pope . . . granted him a faculty to set him free from his
promise. Fuller.
It had not only faculty to inspect all bishops' dioceses, but to
change what laws and statutes they should think fit to alter among
the colleges. Evelyn.

5. A body of a men to whom any specific right or privilege is
granted; formerly, the graduates in any of the four departments of a
university or college (Philosophy, Law, Medicine, or Theology), to
whom was granted the right of teaching (profitendi or docendi) in the
department in which they had studied; at present, the members of a
profession itself; as, the medical faculty; the legal faculty, ect.

6. (Amer. Colleges)

Defn: The body of person to whom are intrusted the government and
instruction of a college or university, or of one of its departments;
the president, professors, and tutors in a college. Dean of faculty.
See under Dean.
 -- Faculty of advocates. (Scot.) See under Advocate.

Syn.
 -- Talent; gift; endowment; dexterity; expertness; cleverness;
readiness; ability; knack.

FACUND
Fac"und, a. Etym: [L. facundus, fr. fari to speak.]

Defn: Eloquent. [Archaic]

FACUNDIOUS
Fa*cun"di*ous, a. Etym: [L. facundiosus.]

Defn: Eloquement; full of words. [Archaic]

FACUNDITY
Fa*cun"di*ty, n. Etym: [L. facunditas.]

Defn: Eloquence; readiness of speech. [Archaic]

FAD
Fad, n. Etym: [Cf. Faddle.]

Defn: A hobby ; freak; whim.
 -- Fad"dist, n.
It is your favorite fad to draw plans. G. Eliot.

FADAISE
Fa`daise", n. [F.]

Defn: A vapid or meaningless remark; a commonplace; nonsense.

FADDLE
Fad"dle, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Fiddle, Fiddle-faddle.]

Defn: To trifle; to toy.
 -- v. t.

Defn: To fondle; to dandle. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

FADE
Fade a. Etym: [F., prob. fr. L. vapidus vapid, or possibly fr,fatuus
foolish, insipid.]

Defn: Weak; insipid; tasteless; commonplace. [R.] "Passages that are
somewhat fade." Jeffrey.
His masculine taste gave him a sense of something fade and ludicrous.
De Quincey.

FADE
Fade, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Faded; p. pr. & vb. n. Fading.] Etym: [OE.
faden, vaden, prob. fr. fade, a.; cf. Prov. D. vadden to fade,
wither, vaddigh languid, torpid. Cf. Fade, a., Vade.]

1. To become fade; to grow weak; to lose strength; to decay; to
perish gradually; to wither, as a plant.
The earth mourneth and fadeth away. Is. xxiv. 4.

2. To lose freshness, color, or brightness; to become faint in hue or
tint; hence, to be wanting in color. "Flowers that never fade."
Milton.

3. To sink away; to disappear gradually; to grow dim; to vanish.
The stars shall fade away. Addison
He makes a swanlike end, Fading in music. Shak.

FADE
Fade, v. t.

Defn: To cause to wither; to deprive of freshness or vigor; to wear
away.
No winter could his laurels fade. Dryden.

FADED
Fad"ed, a.

Defn: That has lost freshness, color, or brightness; grown dim. "His
faded cheek." Milton.
Where the faded moon Made a dim silver twilight. Keats.

FADEDLY
Fad"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a faded manner.
A dull room fadedly furnished. Dickens.

FADELESS
Fade"less, a.

Defn: Not liable to fade; unfading.

FADER
Fa"der, n.

Defn: Father. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FADGE
Fadge, v. i. Etym: [Cf. OE. faden to flatter, and AS. f to join,
unit, G. fügen, or AS. afægian to depict; all perh. form the same
root as E. fair. Cf. Fair, a., Fay to fit.]

Defn: To fit; to suit; to agree.
They shall be made, spite of antipathy, to fadge together. Milton.
Well, Sir, how fadges the new design Wycherley.

FADGE
Fadge, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A small flat loaf or thick cake; also, a fagot. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

FADING
Fad"ing, a.

Defn: Losing freshness, color, brightness, or vigor.
 -- n.

Defn: Loss of color, freshness, or vigor.
 -- Fad"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Fad"ing*ness, n.

FADING
Fad"ing, n.

Defn: An Irish dance; also, the burden of a song. "Fading is a fine
jig." [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

FADME
Fad"me, n.

Defn: A fathom. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FADY
Fad"y, a.

Defn: Faded. [R.] Shenstone.

FAECAL
Fæ"cal, a.

Defn: See Fecal.

FAECES
Fæ"ces, n.pl. Etym: [L. faex, pl. faeces, dregs.]

Defn: Excrement; ordure; also, settlings; sediment after infusion or
distillation. [Written also feces.]

FAECULA
Fæc"u*la, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Fecula.

FAERY
Fa"ër*y, n. & a.

Defn: Fairy. [Archaic] Spenser.

FAFFLE
Faf"fle, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Famble, Maffle.]

Defn: To stammer. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

FAG
Fag n.

Defn: A knot or coarse part in cloth. [Obs.]

FAG
Fag, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Fagging.] Etym: [Cf.
LG. fakk wearied, weary, vaak slumber, drowsiness, OFries. fai,
equiv. to fach devoted to death, OS. f, OHG. feigi, G. feig, feige,
cowardly, Icel. feigr fated to die, AS. f, Scot. faik, to fail, stop,
lower the price; or perh. the same word as E. flag to droop.]

1. To become weary; to tire.
Creighton withheld his force till the Italian began to fag. G.
Mackenzie.

2. To labor to wearness; to work hard; to drudge.
Read, fag, and subdue this chapter. Coleridge.

3. To act as a fag, or perform menial services or drudgery, for
another, as in some English schools. To fag out, to become untwisted
or frayed, as the end of a rope, or the edge of canvas.

FAG
Fag, v. t.

1. To tire by labor; to exhaust; as, he was almost fagged out.

2. Anything that fatigues. [R.]
It is such a fag, I came back tired to death. Miss Austen.
Brain fag. (Med.) See Cerebropathy.

FAGEND; FAG-END
Fag"*end", n.

1. An end of poorer quality, or in a spoiled condition, as the
coarser end of a web of cloth, the untwisted end of a rope, ect.

2. The refuse or meaner part of anything.
The fag-end of business. Collier.

FAGGING
Fag"ging, n.

Defn: Laborious drudgery; esp., the acting as a drudge for another at
an English school.

FAGOT
Fag"ot n. Etym: [F., prob. aug. of L. fax, facis, torch, perh. orig.,
a bundle of sticks; cf. Gr. Fagotto.]

1. A bundle of sticks, twigs, or small branches of trees, used for
fuel, for raising batteries, filling ditches, or other purposes in
fortification; a fascine. Shak.

2. A bundle of pieces of wrought iron to be worked over into bars or
other shapes by rolling or hammering at a welding heat; a pile.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A bassoon. See Fagotto.

4. A person hired to take the place of another at the muster of a
company. [Eng.] Addison.

5. An old shriveled woman. [Slang, Eng.] Fagot iron, iron, in bars or
masses, manufactured from fagots.
 -- Fagot vote, the vote of a person who has been constituted a voter
by being made a landholder, for party purposes. [Political cant,
Eng.]

FAGOT
Fag"ot v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fagoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fagoting.]

Defn: To make a fagot of; to bind together in a fagot or bundle;
also, to collect promiscuously. Dryden.

FAGOTTO
Fa*got"to, n. Etym: [It. See Fagot.] (Mus.)

Defn: The bassoon; -- so called from being divided into parts for
ease of carriage, making, as it were, a small fagot.

FAHAM
Fa"ham, n.

Defn: The leaves of an orchid (Angraecum fragrans), of the islands of
Bourbon and Mauritius, used (in France) as a substitute for Chinese
tea.

FAHLBAND
Fahl"band`, n. Etym: [G., fr. fahl dun-colored + band a band.]
(Mining)

Defn: A stratum in crystalline rock, containing metallic sulphides.
Raymond.

FAHLERZ; FAHLBAND
Fahl"erz, Fahl"band, n. Etym: [G. fahlerz; fahl dun-colored, fallow +
erz ore.] (Min.)

Defn: Same as Tetrahedrite.

FAHLUNITE
Fah"lun*ite, n. Etym: [From Falhun, a place in Sweden.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydration of iolite.

FAHRENHEIT
Fah"ren*heit a. Etym: [G.]

Defn: Conforming to the scale used by Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit in
the graduation of his thermometer; of or relating to Fahrenheit's
thermometric scale.
 -- n.

Defn: The Fahrenheit termometer or scale.

Note: The Fahrenheit thermometer is so graduated that the freezing
point of water is at 32 degrees above the zero of its scale, and the
boiling point at 212 degrees above. It is commonly used in the United
States and in England.

FAIENCE
Fa`ï*ence", n. Etym: [F., fr. Faenza, a town in Italy, the original
place of manufacture.]

Defn: Glazed earthenware; esp., that which is decorated in color.

FAIL
Fail v. i. [imp. & p. p. Failed; p. pr. & vb. n. Failing.] Etym: [F.
failir, fr. L. fallere, falsum, to deceive, akin to E. fall. See
Fail, and cf. Fallacy, False, Fault.]

1. To be wanting; to fall short; to be or become deficient in any
measure or degree up to total absence; to cease to be furnished in
the usual or expected manner, or to be altogether cut off from
supply; to be lacking; as, streams fail; crops fail.
As the waters fail from the sea. Job xiv. 11.
Till Lionel's issue fails, his should not reign. Shak.

2. To be affected with want; to come short; to lack; to be deficient
or unprovided; -- used with of.
If ever they fail of beauty, this failure is not be attributed to
their size. Berke.

3. To fall away; to become diminished; to decline; to decay; to sink.
When earnestly they seek Such proof, conclude they then begin to
fail. Milton.

4. To deteriorate in respect to vigor, activity, resources, etc.; to
become weaker; as, a sick man fails.

5. To perish; to die; -- used of a person. [Obs.]
Had the king in his last sickness failed. Shak.

6. To be found wanting with respect to an action or a duty to be
performed, a result to be secured, etc.; to miss; not to fulfill
expectation.
Take heed now that ye fail not to do this. Ezra iv. 22.
Either my eyesight fails, or thou look'st pale. Shak.

7. To come short of a result or object aimed at or desired ; to be
baffled or frusrated.
Our envious foe hath failed. Milton.

8. To err in judgment; to be mistaken.
Which ofttimes may succeed, so as perhaps Shall grieve him, if I fail
not. Milton.

9. To become unable to meet one's engagements; especially, to be
unable to pay one's debts or discharge one's business obligation; to
become bankrupt or insolvent.

FAIL
Fail, v. t.

1. To be wanting to ; to be insufficient for; to disappoint; to
desert.
There shall not fail thee a man on the throne. 1 Kings ii. 4.

2. To miss of attaining; to lose. [R.]
Though that seat of earthly bliss be failed. Milton.

FAIL
Fail, n. Etym: [OF. faille, from failir. See Fail, v. i.]

1. Miscarriage; failure; deficiency; fault; -- mostly superseded by
failure or failing, except in the phrase without fail. "His highness'
fail of issue." Shak.

2. Death; decease. [Obs.] Shak.

FAILANCE
Fail"ance, n. Etym: [Of. faillance, fr. faillir.]

Defn: Fault; failure; omission. [Obs.] Bp. Fell.

FAILING
Fail"ing, n.

1. A failing short; a becoming deficient; failure; deficiency;
imperfection; weakness; lapse; fault; infirmity; as, a mental
failing.
And ever in her mind she cas about For that unnoticed failing in
herself. Tennyson.

2. The act of becoming insolvent of bankrupt.

Syn.
 -- See Fault.

FAILLE
Faille, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A soft silk, heavier than a foulard and not glossy.

FAILURE
Fail"ure, n. Etym: [From Fail.]

1. Cessation of supply, or total defect; a failing; deficiency; as,
failure of rain; failure of crops.

2. Omission; nonperformance; as, the failure to keep a promise.

3. Want of success; the state of having failed.

4. Decau, or defect from decay; deterioration; as, the failure of
memory or of sight.

5. A becoming insolvent; bankruptcy; suspension of payment; as,
failure in business.

6. A failing; a slight fault. [Obs.] Johnson.

FAIN
Fain, a. Etym: [OE. fain, fagen, AS. fægen; akin to OS. fagan, Icel.
faginn glad; AS. fægnian to rejoice, OS. faganon, Icel. fagna, Goth.
faginon, cf. Goth. faheds joy; and fr. the same root as E. fair. Srr
Fair, a., and cf. Fawn to court favor.]

1. Well-pleased; glad; apt; wont; fond; inclined.
Men and birds are fain of climbing high. Shak.
To a busy man, temptation is fainto climb up together with his
business. Jer. Taylor.

2. Satisfied; contented; also, constrained. Shak.
The learned Castalio was fain to make trechers at Basle to keep
himself from starving. Locke.

FAIN
Fain, adv.

Defn: With joy; gladly; -- with wold.
He would fain have filled his belly with the husks that the swine did
eat. Luke xv. 16.
Fain Would I woo her, yet I dare not. Shak.

FAIN
Fain, v. t. & i.

Defn: To be glad ; to wish or desire. [Obs.]
Whoso fair thing does fain to see. Spencer.

FAINEANCE; FAINEANCY
Fai"ne*ance, Fai"ne*an*cy, n. [Cf. OF. faineance. See Fainéant.]

Defn: Do-nothingness; inactivity; indolence.

The mask of sneering faineance was gone.
C. Kingsley.

FAINEANT
Fai`né`ant", a. Etym: [F.; fait he does + néant nothing.]

Defn: Doing nothing; shiftless.
 -- n.

Defn: A do-nothing; an idle fellow; a sluggard. Sir W. Scott.

FAINEANT DEITY
Fainéant deity.

Defn: A deity recognized as real but conceived as not acting in human
affairs, hence not worshiped.

FAINT
Faint, a. [Compar. Fainter (-r); superl. Faintest.] Etym: [OE. faint,
feint, false, faint, F. feint, p.p. of feindre to feign, suppose,
hesitate. See Faign, and cf. Feint.]

1. Lacking strength; weak; languid; inclined to swoon; as, faint with
fatigue, hunger, or thirst.

2. Wanting in courage, spirit, or energy; timorous; cowardly;
dejected; depressed; as, "Faint heart ne'er won fair lady." Old
Proverb.

3. Lacking distinctness; hardly perceptible; striking the senses
feebly; not bright, or loud, or sharp, or forcible; weak; as, a faint
color, or sound.

4. Performed, done, or acted, in a weak or feeble manner; not
exhibiting vigor, strength, or energy; slight; as, faint efforts;
faint resistance.
The faint prosecution of the war. Sir J. Davies.

FAINT
Faint, n.

Defn: The act of fainting, or the state of one who has fainted; a
swoon. [R.] See Fainting, n.
The saint, Who propped the Virgin in her faint. Sir W. Scott.

FAINT
Faint, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fainted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fainting.]

1. To become weak or wanting in vigor; to grow feeble; to lose
strength and color, and the control of the bodily or mental
functions; to swoon; -- sometimes with away. See Fainting, n.
Hearing the honor intended her, she fainted away. Guardian.
If I send them away fasting . . . they will faint by the way. Mark
viii. 8.

2. To sink into dejection; to lose courage or spirit; to become
depressed or despondent.
If thou faint in the day of adversity, thy strength is small. Prov.
xxiv. 10.

3. To decay; to disappear; to vanish.
Gilded clouds, while we gaze upon them, faint before the eye. Pope.

FAINT
Faint, v. t.

Defn: To cause to faint or become dispirited; to depress; to weaken.
[Obs.]
It faints me to think what follows. Shak.

FAINTHEARTED; FAINT-HEARTED
Faint"*heart`ed, a.

Defn: Wanting in courage; depressed by fear; easily discouraged or
frightened; cowardly; timorous; dejected.
Fear not, neither be faint-hearted. Is. vii. 4.
-- Faint"*heart`ed*ly, adv.
 -- Faint"*heart`ed*ness, n.

FAINTING
Faint"ing, n.

Defn: Syncope, or loss of consciousness owing to a sudden arrest of
the blood supply to the brain, the face becoming pallid, the
respiration feeble, and the heat's beat weak. Fainting fit, a
fainting or swoon; syncope. [Colloq.]

FAINTISH
Faint"ish, a.

Defn: Slightly faint; somewhat faint.
 -- Faint"ish*ness, n.

FAINTLING
Faint"ling, a.

Defn: Timorous; feeble-minded. [Obs.] "A fainting, silly creature."
Arbuthnot.

FAINTLY
Faint"ly, adv.

Defn: In a faint, weak, or timidmanner.

FAINTNESS
Faint"ness, n.

1. The state of being faint; loss of strength, or of consciousness,
and self-control.

2. Want of vigor or energy. Spenser.

3. Feebleness, as of color or light; lack of distinctness; as,
faintness of description.

4. Faint-heartedness; timorousness; dejection.
I will send a faintness into their hearts. Lev. xxvi. 36.

FAINTS
Faints, n.pl.

Defn: The impure spirit which comes over first and last in the
distillation of whisky; -- the former being called the strong faints,
and the latter, which is much more abundant, the weak faints. This
crude spirit is much impregnated with fusel oil. Ure.

FAINTY
Faint"y, a.

Defn: Feeble; languid. [R.] Dryden.

FAIR
Fair, a. [Compar. Fairer; superl. Fairest.] Etym: [OE. fair, fayer,
fager, AS. fæger; akin to OS. & OHG. fagar, Isel. fagr, Sw. fager,
Dan. faver, Goth. fagrs fit, also to E. fay, G. fügen, to fit. fegen
to sweep, cleanse, and prob. also to E. fang, peace, pact, Cf. Fang,
Fain, Fay to fit.]

1. Free from spots, specks, dirt, or imperfection; unblemished;
clean; pure.
A fair white linen cloth. Book of Common Prayer.

2. Pleasing to the eye; handsome; beautiful.
Who can not see many a fair French city, for one fair French made.
Shak.

3. Without a dark hue; light; clear; as, a fair skin.
The northern people large and fair-complexioned. Sir M. Hale.

4. Not overcast; cloudless; clear; pleasant; propitious; favorable; -
- said of the sky, weather, or wind, etc.; as, a fair sky; a fair
day.
You wish fair winds may waft him over. Prior.

5. Free from obstacles or hindrances; unobstructed; unincumbered;
open; direct; -- said of a road, passage, etc.; as, a fair mark; in
fair sight; a fair view.
The caliphs obtained a mighty empire, which was in a fair way to have
enlarged. Sir W. Raleigh.

6. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: Without sudden change of direction or curvature; smooth;
fowing; -- said of the figure of a vessel, and of surfaces, water
lines, and other lines.

7. Characterized by frankness, honesty, impartiality, or candor;
open; upright; free from suspicion or bias; equitable; just; -- said
of persons, character, or conduct; as, a fair man; fair dealing; a
fair statement. "I would call it fair play." Shak.

8. Pleasing; favorable; inspiring hope and confidence; -- said of
words, promises, etc.
When fair words and good counsel will not prevail on us, we must be
frighted into our duty. L' Estrange.

9. Distinct; legible; as, fair handwriting.

10. Free from any marked characteristic; average; middling; as, a
fair specimen.
The news is very fair and good, my lord. Shak.
Fair ball. (Baseball) (a) A ball passing over the home base at the
height called for by the batsman, and delivered by the pitcher while
wholly within the lines of his position and facing the batsman. (b) A
batted ball that falls inside the foul lines; -- called also a fair
hit.
 -- Fair maid. (Zoöl.) (a) The European pilchard (Clupea pilchardus)
when dried. (b) The southern scup (Stenotomus Gardeni). [Virginia] --
Fair one, a handsome woman; a beauty, -- Fair play, equitable or
impartial treatment; a fair or equal chance; justice.
 -- From fair to middling, passable; tolerable. [Colloq.] -- The fair
sex, the female sex.

Syn.
 -- Candid; open; frank; ingenuous; clear; honest; equitable;
impartial; reasonable. See Candid.

FAIR
Fair, adv.

Defn: Clearly; openly; frankly; civilly; honestly; favorably;
auspiciously; agreeably. Fair and square, justly; honestly;
equitably; impartially. [Colloq.] -- To bid fair. See under Bid.
 -- To speak fair, to address with courtesy and frankness. [Archaic]

FAIR
Fair, n.

1. Fairness, beauty. [Obs.] Shak.

2. A fair woman; a sweetheart.
I have found out a gift for my fair. Shenstone.

3. Good fortune; good luck.
Now fair befall thee ! Shak.
The fair, anything beautiful; women, collectively. "For slander's
mark was ever yet the fair." Shak.

FAIR
Fair, v. t.

1. To make fair or beautiful. [Obs.]
Fairing the foul. Shak.

2. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: To make smooth and flowing, as a vessel's lines.

FAIR
Fair, n. Etym: [OE. feire, OF. feire, F. foire, fr. L. fariae, pl.,
days of rest, holidays, festivals, akin to festus festal. See Feast.]

1. A gathering of buyers and sellers, assembled at a particular place
with their merchandise at a stated or regular season, or by special
appointment, for trade.

2. A festival, and sale of fancy articles. erc., usually for some
charitable object; as, a Grand Army fair.

3. A competitive exhibition of wares, farm products, etc., not
primarily for purposes of sale; as, the Mechanics' fair; an
agricultural fair. After the fair, Too late. [Colloq.]

FAIR CATCH
Fair catch. (Football)

Defn: A catch made by a player on side who makes a prescribed signal
that he will not attempt to advance the ball when caught. He must not
then be interfered with.

FAIR-HAIRED
Fair"-haired`, a.

Defn: Having fair or light-colored hair.

FAIRHOOD
Fair"hood, n.

Defn: Fairness; beauty. [Obs.] Foxe.

FAIRILY
Fair"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a fairy.
Numerous as shadows haunting fairily The brain. Keats.

FAIRING
Fair"ing, n.

Defn: A present; originally, one given or purchased at a fair. Gay.
Fairing box, a box receiving savings or small sums of money. Hannah
More.

FAIRISH
Fair"ish, a.

Defn: Tolerably fair. [Colloq.] W. D. Howells.

FAIR-LEADER
Fair"-lead`er, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A block, or ring, serving as a guide for the running rigging or
for any rope.

FAIRLY
Fair"ly, adv.

1. In a fairmanner; clearly; openly; plainly; fully; distinctly;
frankly.
Even the nature of Mr. Dimmesdale's disease had never fairly been
revealed to him. Hawthorne.

2. Favorably; auspiciously; commodiously; as, a town fairly situated
for foreign traade.

3. Honestly; properly.
Such means of comfort or even luxury, as lay fairly within their
grasp. Hawthorne.

4. Softly; quietly; gently. [Obs.] Milton.

FAIR-MINDED
Fair"-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Unprejudiced; just; judicial; honest.
 -- Fair"*mind`ed*ness, n.

FAIR-NATURED
Fair"-na`tured, a.

Defn: Well-disposed. "A fair-natured prince." Ford.

FAIRNESS
Fair"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being fair, or free form spots or stains, as of
the skin; honesty, as of dealing; candor, as of an argument, etc.

FAIR-SPOKEN
Fair"-spo`ken, a.

Defn: Using fair speech, or uttered with fairness; bland; civil;
courteous; plausible. "A marvelous fair-spoken man." Hooker.

FAIRWAY
Fair"way`, n.

Defn: The navigable part of a river, bay, etc., through which vessels
enter or depart; the part of a harbor or channel ehich is kept open
and unobstructed for the passage of vessels. Totten. the rough.

FAIR-WEATHER
Fair"-weath`er, a.

1. Made or done in pleasant weather, or in circumstances involving
but little exposure or sacrifice; as, a fair-weather voyage. Pope.

2. Appearing only when times or circumstances are prosperous; as, a
fair-weather friend. Fair-weather sailor, a make-believe or
inexperienced sailor; -- the nautical equivalent of carpet knight.

FAIR-WORLD
Fair"-world` n.

Defn: State of prosperity. [Obs.]
They think it was never fair-world with them since. Milton.

FAIRY
Fair"y, n.; pl. Fairies. Etym: [OE. fairie, faierie, enchantment,
fairy folk, fairy, OF. faerie enchantment, F. féer, fr. LL. Fata one
of the goddesses of fate. See Fate, and cf. Fay a fairy.] [Written
also faëry.]

1. Enchantment; illusion. [Obs.] Chaucer.
The God of her has made an end, And fro this worlde's fairy Hath
taken her into company. Gower.

2. The country of the fays; land of illusions. [Obs.]
He [Arthur] is a king y-crowned in Fairy. Lydgate.

3. An imaginary supernatural being or spirit, supposed to assume a
human form (usually diminutive), either male or female, and to meddle
for good or evil in the affairs of mankind; a fay. See Elf, and
Demon.
The fourth kind of spirit [is] called the Fairy. K. James.
And now about the caldron sing, Like elves and fairies in a ring.
Shak.

5. An enchantress. [Obs.] Shak. Fairy of the mine, an imaginary being
supposed to inhabit mines, etc. German folklore tells of two species;
one fierce and malevolent, the other gentle, See Kobold.
No goblin or swart fairy of the mine Hath hurtful power over true
virginity. Milton.

FAIRY
Fair"y, a.

1. Of or pertaining to fairies.

2. Given by fairies; as, fairy money. Dryden. Fairy bird (Zoöl.), the
Euoropean little tern (Sterna minuta); -- called also sea swallow,
and hooded tern.
 -- Fairy bluebird. (Zoöl.) See under Bluebird.
 -- Fairy martin (Zoöl.), a European swallow (Hirrundo ariel) that
builds flask-shaped nests of mud on overhanging cliffs.
 -- Fairy rings or circles, the circles formed in grassy lawns by
certain fungi (as Marasmius Oreades), formerly supposed to be caused
by fairies in their midnight dances.
 -- Fairy shrimp (Zoöl.), a European fresh-water phyllopod crustacean
(Chirocephalus diaphanus); -- so called from its delicate colors,
transparency, and graceful motions. The name is sometimes applied to
similar American species.
 -- Fairy stone (Paleon.), an echinite.

FAIRYLAND
Fair"y*land` n.

Defn: The imaginary land or abode of fairies.

FAIRYLIKE
Fair"y*like`, a.

Defn: Resembling a fairy, or what is made or done be fairies; as,
fairylike music.

FAITH
Faith, n. Etym: [OE. feith, fayth, fay, OF. feid, feit, fei, F. foi,
fr. L. fides; akin to fidere to trust, Gr. th is perhaps due to the
influence of such words as truth, health, wealth. See Bid, Bide, and
cf. Confide, Defy, Fealty.]

1. Belief; the assent of the mind to the truth of what is declared by
another, resting solely and implicitly on his authority and veracity;
reliance on testimony.

2. The assent of the mind to the statement or proposition of another,
on the ground of the manifest truth of what he utters; firm and
earnest belief, on probable evidence of any kind, especially in
regard to important moral truth.
Faith, that is, fidelity, -- the fealty of the finite will and
understanding to the reason. Coleridge.

3. (Theol.)
(a) The belief in the historic truthfulness of the Scripture
narrative, and the supernatural origin of its teachings, sometimes
called historical and speculative faith.
(b) The belief in the facts and truth of the Scriptures, with a
practical love of them; especially, that confiding and affectionate
belief in the person and work of Christ, which affects the character
and life, and makes a man a true Christian, -- called a practical,
evangelical, or saving faith.
Without faith it is impossible to please him [God]. Heb. xi. 6.
The faith of the gospel is that emotion of the mind which is called
"trust" or "confidence" exercised toward the moral character of God,
and particularly of the Savior. Dr. T. Dwight.
Faith is an affectionate, practical confidence in the testimony of
God. J. Hawes.

4. That which is believed on any subject, whether in science,
politics, or religion; especially (Theol.), a system of religious
belief of any kind; as, the Jewish or Mohammedan faith; and
especially, the system of truth taught by Christ; as, the Christian
faith; also, the creed or belief of a Christian society or church.
Which to believe of her, Must be a faith that reason without miracle
Could never plant in me. Shak.
Now preacheth the faith which once he destroyed. Gal. i. 23.

5. Fidelity to one's promises, or allegiance to duty, or to a person
honored and beloved; loyalty.
Children in whom is no faith. Deut. xxvii. 20.
Whose failing, while her faith to me remains, I should conceal.
Milton.

6. Word or honor pledged; promise given; fidelity; as, he violated
his faith.
For you alone I broke me faith with injured Palamon. Dryden.

7. Credibility or truth. [R.]
The faith of the foregoing narrative. Mitford.
Act of faith. See Auto-da-fé.
 -- Breach of faith, Confession of faith, etc. See under Breach,
Confession, etc.
 -- Faith cure, a method or practice of treating diseases by prayer
and the exercise of faith in God.
 -- In good faith, with perfect sincerity.

FAITH
Faith, interj.

Defn: By my faith; in truth; verily.

FAITHED
Faithed, a.

Defn: Having faith or a faith; honest; sincere. [Obs.] "Make thy
words faithed." Shak.

FAITHFUL
Faith"ful, a.

1. Full of faith, or having faith; disposed to believe, especially in
the declarations and promises of God.
You are not faithful, sir. B. Jonson.

2. Firm in adherence to promises, oaths, contracts, treaties, or
other engagements.
The faithful God, which keepeth covenant and mercy with them that
love him. Deut. vii. 9.

3. True and constant in affection or allegiance to a person to whom
one is bound by a vow, be ties of love, gratitude, or honor, as to a
husband, a prince, a friend; firm in the observance of duty; loyal;
of true fidelity; as, a faithful husband or servant.
So spake the seraph Abdiel, faithful found, Among the faithless,
faithful only he. Milton.

4. Worthy of confidence and belief; conformable to truth ot fact;
exact; accurate; as, a faithful narrative or representation.
It is a faithful saying. 2 Tim. ii. 11.
The Faithful, the adherents of any system of religious belief; esp.
used as an epithet of the followers of Mohammed.

Syn.
 -- Trusty; honest; upright; sincere; veracious; trustworthy.
 -- Faith"ful*ly, adv. -Faith"ful*ness, n.

FAITHLESS
Faith"less, a.

1. Not believing; not giving credit.
Be not faithless, but believing. John xx. 27.

2. Not believing on God or religion; specifically, not believing in
the Christian religion. Shak.

3. Not observant of promises or covenants.

4. Not true to allegiance, duty, or vows; perfidious; trecherous;
disloyal; not of true fidelity; inconstant, as a husband or a wife.
A most unnatural and faithless service. Shak.

5. Serving to disappoint or deceive; delusive; unsatisfying. "Yonder
faithless phantom." Goldsmith.
 -- Faith"less*ly, adv.Faith"less*ness, n.

FAITOUR
Fai"tour, n. Etym: [OF. faitor a doer, L. factor. See Factor.]

Defn: A doer or actor; particularly, an evil doer; a scoundrel.
[Obs.]
Lo! faitour, there thy meed unto thee take. Spenser.

FAKE
Fake, n. Etym: [Cf. Scot. faik fold, stratum of stone, AS. fæc space,
interval, G. fach compartment, partition, row, and E. fay to fit.]
(Naut.)

Defn: One of the circles or windings of a cable or hawser, as it lies
in a coil; a single turn or coil.

FAKE
Fake, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To coil (a rope, line, or hawser), by winding alternately in
opposite directions, in layers usually of zigzag or figure of eight
form,, to prevent twisting when running out. Faking box, a box in
which a long rope is faked; used in the life-saving service for a
line attached to a shot.

FAKE
Fake, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Gael. faigh to get, acquire, reach, or OD.
facken to catch or gripe.] [Slang in all its senses.]

1. To cheat; to swindle; to steal; to rob.

2. To make; to construct; to do.

3. To manipulate fraudulently, so as to make an object appear better
or other than it really is; as, to fake a bulldog, by burning his
upper lip and thus artificially shortening it.

FAKE
Fake, n.

Defn: A trick; a swindle. [Slang]

FAKER
Fak"er, n. [Often erroneously written fakir.]

Defn: One who fakes something, as a thief, a peddler of petty things,
a workman who dresses things up, etc. [Slang]

FAKIR
Fa"kir, n. Etym: [Ar. faqir poor.]

Defn: An Oriental religious ascetic or begging monk. [Written also
faquir anf fakeer.]

FALANAKA
Fa"la*na"ka, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A viverrine mammal of Madagascar (Eupleres Goudotii), allied to
the civet; -- called also Falanouc.

FALCADE
Fal*cade" (fâl*kad"), n. Etym: [F., ultimately fr. L. falx, falcis, a
sickle or scythe.] (Man.)

Defn: The action of a horse, when he throws himself on his haunches
two or three times, bending himself, as it were, in very quick
curvets. Harris.

FALCATE; FALCATED
Fal"cate, Fal"ca*ted, a. Etym: [L. falcatus, fr. falx, falcis, a
sickle or scythe.]

Defn: Hooked or bent like a sickle; as, a falcate leaf; a falcate
claw; -- said also of the moon, or a planet, when horned or crescent-
formed.

FALCATION
Fal*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The state of being falcate; a bend in the form of a sickle. Sir
T. Browne.

FALCER
Fal"cer, n. Etym: [From L. falx, falcis, a sickle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the mandibles of a spider.

FALCHION
Fal"chion, n. Etym: [OE. fauchon, OF. fauchon, LL. fälcio, fr. L.
falx, falcis, a sickle, cf. Gr. falcon; cf. It. falcione. Cf.
Defalcation.]

1. A broad-bladed sword, slightly curved, shorter and lighter than
the ordinary sword; -- used in the Middle Ages.

2. A name given generally and poetically to a sword, especially to
the swords of Oriental and fabled warriors.

FALCIDIAN
Fal*cid"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Falcidius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Publius Falcidius, a Roman tribune.
Falcidian law (Civil Law), a law by which a testator was obliged to
leave at least a fourth of his estate to the heir. Burrill.

FALCIFORM
Fal"ci*form, a. Etym: [L. falx, falcis, a sickle + -form: cf. F.
falciforme.]

Defn: Having the shape of a scithe or sickle; resembling a reaping
hook; as, the falciform ligatment of the liver.

FALCON
Fal"con, n. Etym: [OE. faucon, faucoun, OF. faucon, falcon, faucon,
fr. LL. falco, perh. from L. falx, falcis, a sickle or scythe, and
named from its curving talons. Cf. Falchion.]

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of a family (Falconidæ) of raptorial birds, characterized by
a short, hooked beak, strong claws, and powerful flight.
(b) Any species of the genus Falco, distinguished by having a
toothlike lobe on the upper mandible; especially, one of this genus
trained to the pursuit of other birds, or game.
In the language of falconry, the female peregrine (Falco peregrinus)
is exclusively called the falcon. Yarrell.

2. (Gun.)

Defn: An ancient form of cannon. Chanting falcon. (Zoöl.) See under
Chanting.

FALCONER
Fal"con*er, n. Etym: [OE. fauconer, OF. falconier, fauconier, F.
fauconnier. See Falcon.]

Defn: A person who breeds or trains hawks for taking birds or game;
one who follows the sport of fowling with hawks. Johnson.

FALCONET
Fal"co*net, n. Etym: [Dim. of falcon: cf. F. fauconneau, LL.
falconeta, properly, a young falcon.]

1. One of the smaller cannon used in the 15th century and later.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of several very small Asiatic falcons of the genus
Microhierax.
(b) One of a group of Australian birds of the genus Falcunculus,
resembling shrikes and titmice.

FALCONGENTIL
Fal"con*gen`til, n. Etym: [F. faucon-gentil. See Falcon, and
Genteel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The female or young of the goshawk (Astur palumbarius).

FALCONINE
Fal"co*nine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like a falcon or hawk; belonging to the Falconidæ

FALCONRY
Fal"con*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fauconnerie. See Falcon.]

1. The art of training falcons or hawks to pursue and attack wild
fowl or game.

2. The sport of taking wild fowl or game by means of falcons or
hawks.

FALCULA
Fal"cu*la, n. Etym: [L., a small sickle, a billhook.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A curved and sharp-pointed claw.

FALCULATE
Fal"cu*late, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Curved and sharppointed, like a falcula, or claw of a falcon.

FALDAGE
Fald"age, n. Etym: [LL. faldagium, fr. AS. fald, E. fold. Cf.
Foldage.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A privilege of setting up, and moving about, folds for sheep,
in any fields within manors, in order to manure them; -- often
reserved to himself by the lord of the manor. Spelman.

FALDFEE
Fald"fee`, n. Etym: [AS. fald (E.fold) + E. fee. See Faldage.] (O.
Eng. Law)

Defn: A fee or rent paid by a tenant for the privilege of faldage on
his own ground. Blount.

FALDING
Fald"ing, n.

Defn: A frieze or rough-napped cloth. [Obs.]

FALDISTORY
Fal"dis*to*ry, n. Etym: [LL. faldistorium, faldestorium, from OHG.
faldstuol; faldan, faltan, to fold (G. falten) + stuol stool. So
called because it could be folded or laid together. See Fold, and
Stool, and cf. Faldstool, Fauteuil.]

Defn: The throne or seat of a bishop within the chancel. [Obs.]

FALDSTOOL
Fald"stool`, n. Etym: [See Faldistory.]

Defn: A folding stool, or portable seat, made to fold up in the
manner of a camo stool. It was formerly placed in the choir for a
bishop, when he offciated in any but his own cathedral church.
Fairholt.

Note: In the modern practice of the Church of England, the term
faldstool is given to the reading desk from which the litany is read.
This esage is a relic of the ancient use of a lectern folding like a
camp stool.

FALERNIAN
Fa*ler"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Mount Falernus, in Italy; as,
Falernianwine.

FALK
Falk (falk), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The razorbill. [Written also falc, and faik.] [Prov. Eng.]

FALL
Fall (fall), v. i. [imp. Fell; p. p. Fallen; p. pr. & vb. n.
Falling.] Etym: [AS. feallan; akin to D. vallen, OS. & OHG. fallan,
G. fallen, Icel. Falla, Sw. falla, Dan. falde, Lith. pulti, L.
fallere to deceive, Gr. sfa`llein to cause to fall, Skr. sphal,
sphul, to tremble. Cf. Fail, Fell, v. t., to cause to fall.]

1. To Descend, either suddenly or gradually; particularly, to descend
by the force of gravity; to drop; to sink; as, the apple falls; the
tide falls; the mercury falls in the barometer.
I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven. Luke x. 18.

2. To cease to be erect; to take suddenly a recumbent posture; to
become prostrate; to drop; as, a child totters and falls; a tree
falls; a worshiper falls on his knees.
I fell at his feet to worship him. Rev. xix. 10.

3. To find a final outlet; to discharge its waters; to empty; -- with
into; as, the river Rhone falls into the Mediterranean.

4. To become prostrate and dead; to die; especially, to die by
violence, as in battle.
A thousand shall fall at thy side. Ps. xci. 7.
He rushed into the field, and, foremost fighting, fell. Byron.

5. To cease to be active or strong; to die away; to lose strength; to
subside; to become less intense; as, the wind falls.

6. To issue forth into life; to be brought forth; -- said of the
young of certain animals. Shak.

7. To decline in power, glory, wealth, or importance; to become
insignificant; to lose rank or position; to decline in weight, value,
price etc.; to become less; as, the falls; stocks fell two points.
I am a poor falle man, unworthy now To be thy lord and master. Shak.
The greatness of these Irish lords suddenly fell and vanished. Sir J.
Davies.

8. To be overthrown or captured; to be destroyed.
Heaven and earth will witness, If Rome must fall, that we are
innocent. Addison.

9. To descend in character or reputation; to become degraded; to sink
into vice, error, or sin; to depart from the faith; to apostatize; to
sin.
Let us labor therefore to enter into that rest, lest any man fall
after the same example of unbelief. Heb. iv. 11.

10. To become insnared or embarrassed; to be entrapped; to be worse
off than before; asm to fall into error; to fall into difficulties.

11. To assume a look of shame or disappointment; to become or appear
dejected; -- said of the countenance.
Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell. Gen. iv. 5.
I have observed of late thy looks are fallen. Addison.

12. To sink; to languish; to become feeble or faint; as, our spirits
rise and fall with our fortunes.

13. To pass somewha suddenly, and passively, into a new state of body
or mind; to become; as, to fall asleep; to fall into a passion; to
fall in love; to fall into temptation.

14. To happen; to to come to pass; to light; to befall; to issue; to
terminate.
The Romans fell on this model by chance. Swift.
Sit still, my daughter, until thou know how the matter will fall.
Ruth. iii. 18.
They do not make laws, they fall into customs. H. Spencer.

15. To come; to occur; to arrive.
The vernal equinox, which at the Nicene Council fell on the 21st of
March, falls now [1694] about ten days sooner. Holder.

16. To begin with haste, ardor, or vehemence; to rush or hurry; as,
they fell to blows.
They now no longer doubted, but fell to work heart and soul. Jowett
(Thucyd. ).

17. To pass or be transferred by chance, lot, distribution,
inheritance, or otherwise; as, the estate fell to his brother; the
kingdom fell into the hands of his rivals.

18. To belong or appertain.
If to her share some female errors fall, Look on her face, and you'll
forget them all. Pope.

19. To be dropped or uttered carelessly; as, an unguarded expression
fell from his lips; not a murmur fell from him. To fall abroad of
(Naut.), to strike against; -- applied to one vessel coming into
collision with another.
 -- To fall among, to come among accidentally or unexpectedly.
 -- To fall astern (Naut.), to move or be driven backward; to be left
behind; as, a ship falls astern by the force of a current, or when
outsailed by another.
 -- To fall away. (a) To lose flesh; to become lean or emaciated; to
pine. (b) To renounce or desert allegiance; to revolt or rebel. (c)
To renounce or desert the faith; to apostatize. "These . . . for a
while believe, and in time of temptation fall away." Luke viii. 13.
(d) To perish; to vanish; to be lost. "How . . . can the soul . . .
fall away into nothing" Addison. (e) To decline gradually; to fade;
to languish, or become faint. "One color falls away by just degrees,
and another rises insensibly." Addison.
 -- To fall back. (a) To recede or retreat; to give way. (b) To fail
of performing a promise or purpose; not to fulfill.
 -- To fall back upon. (a) (Mil.) To retreat for safety to (a
stronger position in the rear, as to a fort or a supporting body of
troops). (b) To have recourse to (a reserved fund, or some available
expedient or support).
 -- To fall calm, to cease to blow; to become calm.
 -- To fall down. (a) To prostrate one's self in worship. "All kings
shall fall down before him." Ps. lxxii. 11. (b) To sink; to come to
the ground. "Down fell the beauteous youth." Dryden. (c) To bend or
bow, as a suppliant. (d) (Naut.) To sail or drift toward the mouth of
a river or other outlet.
 -- To fall flat, to produce no response or result; to fail of the
intended effect; as, his speech fell flat.
 -- To fall foul of. (a) (Naut.) To have a collision with; to become
entangled with (b) To attack; to make an assault upon.
 -- To fall from, to recede or depart from; not to adhere to; as, to
fall from an agreement or engagement; to fall from allegiance or
duty.
 -- To fall from grace (M. E. Ch.), to sin; to withdraw from the
faith.
 -- To fall home (Ship Carp.), to curve inward; -- said of the
timbers or upper parts of a ship's side which are much within a
perpendicular.
 -- To fall in. (a) To sink inwards; as, the roof fell in. (b) (Mil.)
To take one's proper or assigned place in line; as, to fall in on the
right. (c) To come to an end; to terminate; to lapse; as, on the
death of Mr. B., the annuuity, which he had so long received, fell
in. (d) To become operative. "The reversion, to which he had been
nominated twenty years before, fell in." Macaulay.
 -- To fall into one's hands, to pass, often suddenly or
unexpectedly, into one's ownership or control; as, to spike cannon
when they are likely to fall into the hands of the enemy.
 -- To fall in with. (a) To meet with accidentally; as, to fall in
with a friend. (b) (Naut.) To meet, as a ship; also, to discover or
come near, as land. (c) To concur with; to agree with; as, the
measure falls in with popular opinion. (d) To comply; to yield to.
"You will find it difficult to persuade learned men to fall in with
your projects." Addison.
 -- To fall off. (a) To drop; as, fruits fall off when ripe. (b) To
withdraw; to separate; to become detached; as, friends fall off in
adversity. "Love cools, friendship falls off, brothers divide." Shak.
(c) To perish; to die away; as, words fall off by disuse. (d) To
apostatize; to forsake; to withdraw from the faith, or from
allegiance or duty.
Those captive tribes . . . fell off From God to worship calves.
Milton.
(e) To forsake; to abandon; as, his customers fell off. (f) To
depreciate; to change for the worse; to deteriorate; to become less
valuable, abundant, or interesting; as, a falling off in the wheat
crop; the magazine or the review falls off. "O Hamlet, what a falling
off was there!" Shak. (g) (Naut.) To deviate or trend to the leeward
of the point to which the head of the ship was before directed; to
fall to leeward.
 -- To fall on. (a) To meet with; to light upon; as, we have fallen
on evil days. (b) To begin suddenly and eagerly. "Fall on, and try
the appetite to eat." Dryden. (c) To begin an attack; to assault; to
assail. "Fall on, fall on, and hear him not." Dryden. (d) To drop on;
to descend on.
 -- To fall out. (a) To quarrel; to begin to contend.
A soul exasperated in ills falls out With everything, its friend,
itself. Addison.
(b) To happen; to befall; to chance. "There fell out a bloody quarrel
betwixt the frogs and the mice." L'Estrange. (c) (Mil.) To leave the
ranks, as a soldier.
 -- To fall over. (a) To revolt; to desert from one side to another.
(b) To fall beyond. Shak.
 -- To fall short, to be deficient; as, the corn falls short; they
all fall short in duty.
 -- To fall through, to come to nothing; to fail; as, the engageent
has fallen through.
 -- To fall to, to begin. "Fall to, with eager joy, on homely food."
Dryden.
 -- To fall under. (a) To come under, or within the limits of; to be
subjected to; as, they fell under the jurisdiction of the emperor.
(b) To come under; to become the subject of; as, this point did not
fall under the cognizance or deliberations of the court; these things
do not fall under human sight or observation. (c) To come within; to
be ranged or reckoned with; to be subordinate to in the way of
classification; as, these substances fall under a different class or
order.
 -- To fall upon. (a) To attack. [See To fall on.] (b) To attempt; to
have recourse to. "I do not intend to fall upon nice disquisitions."
Holder. (c) To rush against.

Note: Fall primarily denotes descending motion, either in a
perpendicular or inclined direction, and, in most of its
applications, implies, literally or figuratively, velocity, haste,
suddenness, or violence. Its use is so various, and so mush
diversified by modifying words, that it is not easy to enumerate its
senses in all its applications.

FALL
Fall, v. t.

1. To let fall; to drop. [Obs.]
For every tear he falls, a Trojan bleeds. Shak.

2. To sink; to depress; as, to fall the voice. [Obs.]

3. To diminish; to lessen or lower. [Obs.]
Upon lessening interest to four per cent, you fall the price of your
native commodities. Locke.

4. To bring forth; as, to fall lambs. [R.] Shak.

5. To fell; to cut down; as, to fall a tree. [Prov. Eng. & Local,
U.S.]

FALL
Fall, n.

1. The act of falling; a dropping or descending be the force of
gravity; descent; as, a fall from a horse, or from the yard of ship.

2. The act of dropping or tumbling from an erect posture; as, he was
walking on ice, and had a fall.

3. Death; destruction; overthrow; ruin.
They thy fall conspire. Denham.
Pride goeth before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall.
Prov. xvi. 18.

4. Downfall; degradation; loss of greatness or office; termination of
greatness, power, or dominion; ruin; overthrow; as, the fall of the
Roman empire.
Beholds thee glorious only in thy fall. Pope.

5. The surrender of a besieged fortress or town ; as, the fall of
Sebastopol.

6. Diminution or decrease in price or value; depreciation; as, the
fall of prices; the fall of rents.

7. A sinking of tone; cadence; as, the fall of the voice at the close
of a sentence.

8. Declivity; the descent of land or a hill; a slope.

9. Descent of water; a cascade; a cataract; a rush of water down a
precipice or steep; -- usually in the plural, sometimes in the
singular; as, the falls of Niagara.

10. The discharge of a river or current of water into the ocean, or
into a lake or pond; as, the fall of the Po into the Gulf of Venice.
Addison.

11. Extent of descent; the distance which anything falls; as, the
water of a stream has a fall of five feet.

12. The season when leaves fall from trees; autumn.
What crowds of patients the town doctor kills, Or how, last fall, he
raised the weekly bills. Dryden.

13. That which falls; a falling; as, a fall of rain; a heavy fall of
snow.

14. The act of felling or cutting down. "The fall of timber."
Johnson.

15. Lapse or declinsion from innocence or goodness. Specifically: The
first apostasy; the act of our first parents in eating the forbidden
fruit; also, the apostasy of the rebellious angels.

16. Formerly, a kind of ruff or band for the neck; a falling band; a
faule. B. Jonson.

17. That part (as one of the ropes) of a tackle to which the power is
applied in hoisting. Fall herring (Zoöl.), a herring of the Atlantic
(Clupea mediocris); -- also called tailor herring, and hickory shad.
 -- To try a fall, to try a bout at wrestling. Shak.

FALLACIOUS
Fal*la"cious, a. Etym: [L. fallaciosus, fr. fallacia: cf. F.
fallacieux. See Fallacy.]

Defn: Embodying or pertaining to a fallacy; illogical; fitted to
deceive; misleading; delusive; as, fallacious arguments or reasoning.
 -- Fal*la"cious*ly, adv. -Fal*la"cious*ness, n.

FALLACY
Fal"la*cy, n.; pl. Fallacies. Etym: [OE. fallace, fallas, deception,
F. fallace, fr. L. fallacia, fr. fallax deceitful, deceptive, fr.
fallere to deceive. See Fail.]

1. Deceptive or false appearance; deceitfulness; that which misleads
the eye or the mind; deception.
Winning by conquest what the first man lost, By fallacy surprised.
Milton.

2. (Logic)

Defn: An argument, or apparent argument, which professes to be
decisive of the matter at issue, while in reality it is not; a
sophism.

Syn.
 -- Deception; deceit; mistake.
 -- Fallacy, Sophistry. A fallacy is an argument which professes to
be decisive, but in reality is not; sophistry is also false
reasoning, but of so specious and subtle a kind as to render it
difficult to expose its fallacy. Many fallacies are obvious, but the
evil of sophistry lies in its consummate art. "Men are apt to suffer
their minds to be misled by fallacies which gratify their passions.
Many persons have obscured and confounded the nature of things by
their wretched sophistry; though an act be never so sinful, they will
strip it of its guilt." South.

FALLALS; FAL-LALS
Fal"*lals`, n.pl.

Defn: Gay ornaments; frippery; gewgaws. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

FALLAX
Fal"lax, n. Etym: [L. fallax deceptive. See Fallacy.]

Defn: Cavillation; a caviling. [Obs.] Cranmer.

FALLEN
Fall"en, a.

Defn: Dropped; prostrate; degraded; ruined; decreased; dead.
Some ruined temple or fallen monument. Rogers.

FALLENCY
Fal"len*cy, n. Etym: [LL. fallentia, L. fallens p.pr of fallere.]

Defn: An exception. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

FALLER
Fall"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, falls.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A part which acts by falling, as a stamp in a fulling mill, or
the device in a spinning machine to arrest motion when a thread
breaks.

FALLFISH
Fall"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fresh-water fish of the United States (Semotilus bullaris); -
- called also silver chub, and Shiner. The name is also applied to
other allied species.

FALLIBILITY
Fal`li*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being fallible; liability to deceive or to be
deceived; as, the fallibity of an argument or of an adviser.

FALLIBLE
Fal"li*ble, a. Etym: [LL. fallibilis, fr. L. fallere to deceive: cf.
F. faillible. See Fail.]

Defn: Liable to fail, mistake, or err; liable to deceive or to be
deceived; as, all men are fallible; our opinions and hopes are
fallible.

FALLIBLY
Fal"li*bly, adv.

Defn: In a fallible manner.

FALLING
Fall"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Fall, v. i. Falling away, Falling off, etc. See To fall
away, To fall off, etc., under Fall, v. i.
 -- Falling band, the plain, broad, linen collar turning down over
the doublet, worn in the early part of the 17th century.
 -- Falling sickness (Med.), epilepsy. Shak.
 -- Falling star. (Astron.) See Shooting star.
 -- Falling stone, a stone falling through the atmosphere; a
meteorite; an aërolite.
 -- Falling tide, the ebb tide.
 -- Falling weather, a rainy season. [Colloq.] Bartlett.

FALLOPIAN
Fal*lo"pi*an, a. Etym: [From Fallopius, or Fallopio, a physician of
Modena, who died in 1562.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or discovered by, Fallopius; as, the Fallopian
tubes or oviducts, the ducts or canals which conduct the ova from the
ovaries to the uterus.

FALLOW
Fal"low, a. Etym: [AS. fealu, fealo, pale yellow or red; akin to D.
vaal fallow, faded, OHG. falo, G. falb, fahl, Icel. fölr, and prob.
to Lith. palvas, OSlav. plavpallidus pale, pallere to be pale, Gr.
palita. Cf. Pale, Favel, a., Favor.]

1. Pale red or pale yellow; as, a fallow deer or greyhound. Shak.

2. Etym: [Cf. Fallow, n.]

Defn: Left untilled or unsowed after plowing; uncultivated; as,
fallow ground. Fallow chat, Fallow finch (Zoöl.), a small European
bird, the wheatear (Saxicola ænanthe). See Wheatear.

FALLOW
Fal"low, n. Etym: [So called from the fallow, or somewhat yellow,
color of naked ground; or perh. akin to E. felly, n., cf. MHG. valgen
to plow up, OHG. felga felly, harrow.]

1. Plowed land. [Obs.]
Who . . . pricketh his blind horse over the fallows. Chaucer.

2. Land that has lain a year or more untilled or unseeded; land
plowed without being sowed for the season.
The plowing of fallows is a benefit to land. Mortimer.

3. The plowing or tilling of land, without sowing it for a season;
as, summer fallow, properly conducted, has ever been found a sure
method of destroying weeds.
Be a complete summer fallow, land is rendered tender and mellow. The
fallow gives it a better tilth than can be given by a fallow crop.
Sinclair.
Fallow crop, the crop taken from a green fallow. [Eng.] -- Green
fallow, fallow whereby land is rendered mellow and clean from weeds,
by cultivating some green crop, as turnips, potatoes, etc. [Eng.]

FALLOW
Fal"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fallowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Fallowing.]
Etym: [From Fallow, n.]

Defn: To plow, harrow, and break up, as land, without seeding, for
the purpose of destroying weeds and insects, and rendering it mellow;
as, it is profitable to fallow cold, strong, clayey land.

FALLOW DEER
Fal"low deer`. Etym: [So called from its fallow or pale yellow
color.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European species of deer (Cervus dama), much smaller than the
red deer. In summer both sexes are spotted with white. It is common
in England, where it is often domesticated in the parks.

FALLOWIST
Fal"low*ist, n.

Defn: One who favors the practice of fallowing land. [R.] Sinclair.

FALLOWNESS
Fal"low*ness, n.

Defn: A well or opening, through the successive floors of a warehouse
or manufactory, through which goods are raised or lowered. [U.S.]
Bartlett.

FALSARY
Fal"sa*ry, n. Etym: [L. falsarius, fr. falsus. See False, a.]

Defn: A falsifier of evidence. [Obs.] Sheldon.

FALSE
False, a. [Compar. Falser; superl. Falsest.] Etym: [L. falsus, p.p.
of fallere to deceive; cf. OF. faus, fals, F. faux, and AS. fals
fraud. See Fail, Fall.]

1. Uttering falsehood; unveracious; given to deceit; dishnest; as, a
false witness.

2. Not faithful or loyal, as to obligations, allegiance, vows, etc.;
untrue; treacherous; perfidious; as, a false friend, lover, or
subject; false to promises.
I to myself was false, ere thou to me. Milton.

3. Not according with truth or reality; not true; fitted or likely to
deceive or disappoint; as, a false statement.

4. Not genuine or real; assumed or designed to deceive; counterfeit;
hypocritical; as, false tears; false modesty; false colors; false
jewelry.
False face must hide what the false heart doth know. Shak.

5. Not well founded; not firm or trustworthy; erroneous; as, a false
claim; a false conclusion; a false construction in grammar.
Whose false foundation waves have swept away. Spenser.

6. Not essential or permanent, as parts of a structure which are
temporary or supplemental.

7. (Mus.)

Defn: Not in tune. False arch (Arch.), a member having the appearance
of an arch, though not of arch construction.
 -- False attic, an architectural erection above the main cornice,
concealing a roof, but not having windows or inclosing rooms.
 -- False bearing, any bearing which is not directly upon a vertical
support; thus, the weight carried by a corbel has a false bearing.
 -- False cadence, an imperfect or interrupted cadence.
 -- False conception (Med.), an abnormal conception in which a mole,
or misshapen fleshy mass, is produced instead of a properly organized
fetus.
 -- False croup (Med.), a spasmodic affection of the larynx attended
with the symptoms of membranous croup, but unassociated with the
deposit of a fibrinous membrane.
 -- False door or window (Arch.), the representation of a door or
window, inserted to complete a series of doors or windows or to give
symmetry.
 -- False fire, a combustible carried by vessels of war, chiefly for
signaling, but sometimes burned for the purpose of deceiving an
enemy; also, a light on shore for decoying a vessel to destruction.
 -- False galena. See Blende.
 -- False imprisonment (Law), the arrest and imprisonment of a person
without warrant or cause, or contrary to law; or the unlawful
detaining of a person in custody.
 -- False keel (Naut.), the timber below the main keel, used to serve
both as a protection and to increase the shio's lateral resistance.
 -- False key, a picklock.
 -- False leg. (Zoöl.) See Proleg.
 -- False membrane (Med.), the fibrinous deposit formed in croup and
diphtheria, and resembling in appearance an animal membrane.
 -- False papers (Naut.), documents carried by a ship giving false
representations respecting her cargo, destination, ect., for the
purpose of deceiving.
 -- False passage (Surg.), an unnatural passage leading off from a
natural canal, such as the urethra, and produced usually by the
unskillful introduction of instruments.
 -- False personation (Law), the intentional false assumption of the
name and personality of another.
 -- False pretenses (Law), false representations concerning past or
present facts and events, for the purpose of defrauding another.
 -- False rail (Naut.), a thin piece of timber placed on top of the
head rail to strengthen it.
 -- False relation (Mus.), a progression in harmony, in which a
certain note in a chord appears in the next chord prefixed by a flat
or sharp.
 -- False return (Law), an untrue return made to a process by the
officer to whom it was delivered for execution.
 -- False ribs (Anat.), the asternal rebs, of which there are five
pairs in man.
 -- False roof (Arch.), the space between the upper ceiling and the
roof. Oxford Gloss.
 -- False token, a false mark or other symbol, used for fraudulent
purposes.
 -- False scorpion (Zoöl.), any arachnid of the genus Chelifer. See
Book scorpion.
 -- False tack (Naut.), a coming up into the wind and filling away
again on the same tack.
 -- False vampire (Zoöl.), the Vampyrus spectrum of South America,
formerly erroneously supposed to have blood-sucking habits; -- called
also vampire, and ghost vampire. The genuine blood-sucking bats
belong to the genera Desmodus and Diphylla. See Vampire.
 -- False window. (Arch.) See False door, above.
 -- False wing. (Zoöl.) See Alula, and Bastard wing, under Bastard.
 -- False works (Civil Engin.), construction works to facilitate the
erection of the main work, as scaffolding, bridge centering, etc.

FALSE
False, adv.

Defn: Not truly; not honestly; falsely. "You play me false." Shak.

FALSE
False, v. t. Etym: [L. falsare to falsify, fr. falsus: cf. F.
fausser. See False, a.]

1. To report falsely; to falsify. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To betray; to falsify. [Obs.]
[He] hath his truthe falsed in this wise. Chaucer.

3. To mislead by want of truth; to deceive. [Obs.]
In his falsed fancy. Spenser.

4. To feign; to pretend to make. [Obs.] "And falsed oft his blows."
Spenser.

FALSE-FACED
False"-faced`, a.

Defn: Hypocritical. Shak.

FALSE-HEART
False"-heart`, a.

Defn: False-hearted. Shak.

FALSE-HEARTED
False"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Hollow or unsound at the core; treacherous; deceitful;
perfidious. Bacon.
 -- False"*heart`ed*ness, n. Bp. Stillingfleet.

FALSEHOOD
False"hood, n. Etym: [False + -hood]

1. Want of truth or accuracy; an untrue assertion or representation;
error; misrepresentation; falsity.
Though it be a lie in the clock, it is but a falsehood in the hand of
the dial when pointing at a wrong hour, if rightly following the
direction of the wheel which moveth it. Fuller.

2. A deliberate intentional assertion of what is known to be untrue;
a departure from moral integrity; a lie.

3. Treachery; deceit; perfidy; unfaithfulness.
Betrayed by falsehood of his guard. Shak.

4. A counterfeit; a false appearance; an imposture.
For his molten image is falsehood. Jer. x. 14.
No falsehood can endure Touch of celestial temper. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Falsity; lie; untruth; fiction; fabrication. See Falsity.

FALSELY
False"ly, adv.

Defn: In a false manner; erroneously; not truly; perfidiously or
treacherously. "O falsely, falsely murdered." Shak.
Oppositions of science, falsely so called. 1 Tim. vi. 20.
Will ye steal, murder . . . and swear falsely Jer. vii. 9.

FALSENESS
False"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being false; contrariety to the fact; inaccuracy;
want of integrity or uprightness; double dealing; unfaithfulness;
treachery; perfidy; as, the falseness of a report, a drawing, or a
singer's notes; the falseness of a man, or of his word.

FALSER
Fals"er, n.

Defn: A deceiver. [Obs.] Spenser.

FALSETTO
Fal*set"to, n.; pl. Falsettos. Etym: [It. falsetto, dim. fr. L.
falsus. See False.]

Defn: A false or artificial voice; that voice in a man which lies
above his natural voice; the male counter tenor or alto voice. See
Head voice, under Voice.

FALSICRIMEN
Fal"si*cri"men. Etym: [L.] (Civ. Law)

Defn: The crime of falsifying.

Note: This term in the Roman law included not only forgery, but every
species of fraud and deceit. It never has been used in so extensive a
sense in modern common law, in which its predominant significance is
forgery, though it also includes perjury and offenses of a like
character. Burrill. Greenleaf.

FALSIFIABLE
Fal"si*fi`a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. falsifiable.]

Defn: Capable of being falsified, counterfeited, or corrupted.
Johnson.

FALSIFICATION
Fal`si*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. falsification.]

1. The act of falsifying, or making false; a counterfeiting; the
giving to a thing an appearance of something which it is not.
To counterfeit the living image of king in his person exceedeth all
falsifications. Bacon.

2. Willful misstatement or misrepresentation.
Extreme necessity . . . forced him upon this bold and violent
falsification of the doctrine of the alliance. Bp. Warburton.

3. (Equity)

Defn: The showing an item of charge in an account to be wrong. Story.

FALSIFICATOR
Fal"si*fi*ca`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. falsificateur.]

Defn: A falsifier. Bp. Morton.

FALSIFIER
Fal"si*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who falsifies, or gives to a thing a deceptive appearance;
a liar.

FALSIFY
Fal"si*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Falsified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Falsifying.] Etym: [L. falsus false + -ly: cf. F. falsifier. See
False, a.]

1. To make false; to represent falsely.
The Irish bards use to forge and falsify everything as they list, to
please or displease any man. Spenser.

2. To counterfeit; to forge; as, to falsify coin.

3. To prove to be false, or untrustworthy; to confute; to disprove;
to nullify; to make to appear false.
By how much better than my word I am, By so much shall I falsify
men's hope. Shak.
Jews and Pagans united all their endeavors, under Julian the
apostate, to baffie and falsify the prediction. Addison.

4. To violate; to break by falsehood; as, to falsify one's faith or
word. Sir P. Sidney.

5. To baffie or escape; as, to falsify a blow. Bulter.

6. (Law)

Defn: To avoid or defeat; to prove false, as a judgment. Blackstone.

7. (Equity)

Defn: To show, in accounting, (an inem of charge inserted in an
account) to be wrong. Story. Daniell.

8. To make false by multilation or addition; to tamper with; as, to
falsify a record or document.

FALSIFY
Fal"si*fy, v. i.

Defn: To tell lies; to violate the truth.
It is absolutely and universally unlawful to lie and falsify.
South.

FALSISM
Fals"ism, n.

Defn: That which is evidently false; an assertion or statement the
falsity of which is plainly apparent; -- opposed to truism.

FALSITY
Fal"si*ty, n.;pl. Falsities. Etym: [L. falsitas: cf. F. fausseté, OF.
also, falsité. See False, a.]

1. The quality of being false; coutrariety or want of conformity to
truth.
Probability does not make any alteration, either in the truth or
falsity of things. South.

2. That which is false; falsehood; a lie; a false assertion.
Men often swallow falsities for truths. Sir T. Brown.

Syn.
 -- Falsehood; lie; deceit.
 -- Falsity, Falsehood, Lie. Falsity denotes the state or quality of
being false. A falsehood is a false declaration designedly made. A
lie is a gross, unblushing falsehood. The falsity of a person's
assertion may be proved by the evidence of others and thus the charge
of falsehood be fastened upon him.

FALTER
Fal"ter, v. t.

Defn: To thrash in the chaff; also, to cleanse or sift, as barley.
[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

FALTER
Fal"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Faltered; p. pr. & vb. n. Faltering.]
Etym: [OE. falteren, faltren, prob. from fault. See Fault, v. & n.]

1. To hesitate; to speak brokenly or weakly; to stammer; as, his
tongue falters.
With faltering speech and visage incomposed. Milton.

2. To tremble; to totter; to be unsteady. "He found his legs falter."
Wiseman.

3. To hesitate in purpose or action.
Ere her native king Shall falter under foul rebellion's arms. Shak.

4. To fail in distinctness or regularity of exercise; -- said of the
mind or of thought.
Here indeed the power of disinct conception of space and distance
falters. I. Taylor.

FALTER
Fal"ter, v. t.

Defn: To utter with hesitation, or in a broken, trembling, or weak
manner.
And here he faltered forth his last farewell. Byron.
Mde me most happy, faltering "I am thine." Tennyson.

FALTER
Fal"ter, n. Etym: [See Falter, v. i.]

Defn: Hesitation; trembling; feebleness; an uncertain or broken
sound; as, a slight falter in her voice.
The falter of an idle shepherd's pipe. Lowell.

FALTERING
Fal"ter*ing, a.

Defn: Hesitating; trembling. "With faltering speech." Milton.
 -- n.

Defn: Falter; halting; hesitation.
 -- Fal"ter*ing*ly, adv.

FALUNS
Fa`luns", n. Etym: [F.] (Geol.)

Defn: A series of strata, of the Middle Tertiary period, of France,
abounding in shells, and used by Lyell as the type of his Miocene
subdivision.

FALWE
Fal"we, a. & n.

Defn: Fallow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FALX
Falx, n. Etym: [L., a sickle.] (Anat.)

Defn: A curved fold or process of the dura mater or the peritoneum;
esp., one of the partitionlike folds of the dura mater which extend
into the great fissures of the brain.

FAMBLE
Fam"ble, v. i. Etym: [OE. falmelen; cf. SW. famla to grope, Dan.
famle to grope, falter, hesitate, Isel. falma to grope. Cf. Famble.]

Defn: To stammer. [Obs.] Nares.

FAMBLE
Fam"ble, n. Etym: [Cf. Famble, v.]

Defn: A hand [Slang & Obs.] "We clap our fambles." Beau. & Fl.

FAME
Fame, n. Etym: [OF. fame, L. fama, fr. fari to speak, akin to Gr.
Ban, and cf. Fable, Fate, Euphony, Blame.]

1. Public report or rumor.
The fame thereof was heard in Pharaoh's house. Gen. xlv. 16.

2. Report or opinion generally diffused; renown; public estimation;
celebrity, either favorable or unfavorable; as, the fame of
Washington.
I find thou art no less than fame hath bruited. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Notoriety; celebrity; renown; reputation.

FAME
Fame, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Famed,; p. pr. & vb. n. Faming.]

1. To report widely or honorably.
The field where thou art famed To have wrought such wonders. Milton.

2. To make famous or renowned.
Those Hesperian gardens famed of old. Milton.

FAMELESS
Fame"less, a.

Defn: Without fame or renown.
 -- Fame"less*ly, adv.

FAMILIAR
Fa*mil`iar, a. Etym: [OE. familer, familier, F. familier, fr. L.
familiaris, fr. familia family. See Family.]

1. Of or pertaining to a family; domestic. "Familiar feuds." Byron.

2. Closely acquainted or intimate, as a friend or companion; well
versed in, as any subject of study; as, familiar with the Scriptures.

3. Characterized by, or exhibiting, the manner of an intimate friend;
not formal; unconstrained; easy; accessible. "In loose, familiar
strains." Addison.
Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar. Shak.

4. Well known; well understood; common; frequent; as, a familiar
illustration.
That war, or peace, or both at once, may be As things acquainted and
familiar to us. Shak.
There is nothing more familiar than this. Locke.

5. Improperly acquainted; wrongly intimate. Camden. Familiar spirit,
a demon or evil spirit supposed to attend at call. 1 Sam. xxviii. 3,
7-9.

FAMILIAR
Fa*mil"iar, n.

1. An intimate; a companion.
All my familiars watched for my halting. Jer. xx. 10.

2. An attendant demon or evil spirit. Shak.

3. (Court of Inquisition)

Defn: A confidential officer employed in the service of the tribunal,
especially in apprehending and imprisoning the accused.

FAMILIARITY
Fa*mil`iar"i*ty, n.; pl. Familiarities. Etym: [OE. familarite, F.
familiaritéfr. L. faniliaritas. See Familiar.]

1. The state of being familiar; intimate and frequent converse, or
association; unconstrained intercourse; freedom from ceremony and
constraint; intimacy; as, to live in remarkable familiarity.

2. Anything said or done by one person to another unceremoniously and
without constraint; esp., in the pl., such actions and words as
propriety and courtesy do not warrant; liberties.

Syn.
 -- Acquaintance; fellowship; affability; intimacy. See Acquaintance.

FAMILIARIZATION
Fa*mil`iar*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of making familiar; the result of becoming
familiar; as, familiarization with scenes of blood.

FAMILIARIZE
Fa*mil"iar*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Familiarized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Familiarizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. familiariser.]

1. To make familiar or intimate; to habituate; to accustom; to make
well known by practice or converse; as, to familiarize one's self
with scenes of distress.

2. To make acquainted, or skilled, by practice or study; as, to
familiarize one's self with a business, a book, or a science.

FAMILIARLY
Fa"mil"iar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a familiar manner.

FAMILIARNESS
Fa*mil"iar*ness, n.

Defn: Familiarity. [R.]

FAMILIARY
Fa*mil"ia*ry, a. Etym: [L. familiaris. See Familiar.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a family or household; domestic. [Obs.]
Milton.

FAMILISM
Fam"i*lism, n.

Defn: The tenets of the Familists. Milton.

FAMILIST
Fam"i*list, n. Etym: [From Family.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of afanatical Antinomian sect originating in Holland, and
existing in England about 1580, called the Family of Love, who held
that religion consists wholly in love.

FAMILISTERY
Fam"i*lis*ter*y, n.; pl. Familisteries (. Etym: [F. familistère.]

Defn: A community in which many persons unite as in one family, and
are regulated by certain communistic laws and customs.

FAMILISTIC; FAMILISTICAL
Fam`i*listic, Fam`i*lis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Familists. Baxter.

FAMILY
Fam"i*ly, n.; pl. Families. Etym: [L. familia, fr. famulus servant;
akin to Oscan famel servant, cf. faamat he dwells, Skr. dhaman house,
fr. dhato set, make, do: cf. F. famille. Cf. Do, v. t., Doom, Fact,
Feat.]

1. The collective body of persons who live in one house, and under
one head or manager; a household, including parents, children, and
servants, and, as the case may be, lodgers or boarders.

2. The group comprising a husband and wife and their dependent
children, constituting a fundamental unit in the organization of
society.
The welfare of the family underlies the welfare of society. H.
Spencer.

3. Those who descend from one common progenitor; a tribe, clan, or
race; kindred; house; as, the human family; the family of Abraham;
the father of a family.
Go ! and pretennd your family is young. Pope.

4. Course of descent; genealogy; line of ancestors; lineage.

5. Honorable descent; noble or respectable stock; as, a man of
family.

6. A groupe of kindred or closely related individuals; as, a family
of languages; a family of States; the chlorine family.

7. (Biol.)

Defn: A groupe of organisms, either animal or vegetable, related by
certain points of resemblance in structure or development, more
comprehensive than a genus, because it is usually based on fewer or
less pronounced points of likeness. In zoölogy a family is less
comprehesive than an order; in botany it is often considered the same
thing as an order. Family circle. See under Circle.
 -- Family man. (a) A man who has a family; esp., one who has a wife
and children living with him andd dependent upon him. (b) A man of
domestic habits. "The Jews are generally, when married, most
exemplary family men." Mayhew.
 -- Family of curves or surfaces (Geom.), a group of curves or
surfaces derived from a single equation.
 -- In a family way, like one belonging to the family. "Why don't we
ask him and his ladies to come over in a family way, and dine with
some other plain country gentlefolks" Thackeray.
 -- In the family way, pregnant. [Colloq.]

FAMINE
Fam"ine, n. Etym: [F. famine, fr. L. fames hunger; cf. Gr. hani loss,
lack, ha to leave.]

Defn: General scarcity of food; dearth; a want of provisions;
destitution. "Worn with famine." Milton.
There was a famine in the land. Gen. xxvi. 1.
Famine fever (Med.), typhus fever.

FAMISH
Fam"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Famished; p. pr. & vb. n. Famishing.]
Etym: [OE. famen; cf. OF. afamer, L. fames. See Famine, and cf.
Affamish.]

1. To starve, kill, or destroy with hunger. Shak.

2. To exhaust the strength or endurance of, by hunger; to distress
with hanger.
And when all the land of Egypt was famished, the people cried to
Pharaoh for bread. Cen. xli. 55.
The pains of famished Tantalus he'll feel. Dryden.

3. To kill, or to cause to suffer extremity, by deprivation or denial
of anything necessary.
And famish him of breath, if not of bread. Milton.

4. To force or constrain by famine.
He had famished Paris into a surrender. Burke.

FAMISH
Fam"ish, v. i.

1. To die of hunger; to starve.

2. To suffer extreme hunger or thirst, so as to be exhausted in
strength, or to come near to perish.
You are all resolved rather to die than to famish Shak.

3. To suffer extremity from deprivation of anything essential or
necessary.
The Lord will not suffer the soul of the righteous to famish. Prov.
x. 3.

FAMISHMENT
Fam"ish*ment, n.

Defn: State of being famished.

FAMOSITY
Fa*mos"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. famositas infamy: cf. F. famosité. See
Famous.]

Defn: The state or quality of being famous. [Obs.] Johnson.

FAMOUS
Fa"mous, a. Etym: [L. famosus, fr. fama fame: cf. F. fameux. See
Fame.]

Defn: Celebrated in fame or public report; renowned; mach talked of;
distinguished in story; -- used in either a good or a bad sense,
chiefly the former; often followed by for; as, famous for erudition,
for eloquence, for military skill; a famous pirate.
Famous for a scolding tongue. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Noted; remarkable; signal; conspicuous; celebrated; renowned;
illustrious; eminent; transcendent; excellent.
 -- Famous, Renowned, Illustrious. Famous is applied to a person or
thing widely spoken of as extraordinary; renowned is applied to those
who are named again and again with honor; illustrious, to those who
have dazzled the world by the splendor of their deeds or their
virtues. See Distinguished.

FAMOUSED
Fa"moused, a.

Defn: Renowned. [Obs.] Shak.

FAMOUSLY
Fa"mous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a famous manner; in a distinguished degree; greatly;
splendidly.
Then this land was famously enriched With politic grave counsel.
Shak.

FAMOUSNESS
Fa"mous*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being famous.

FAMULAR
Fam"u*lar, n. Etym: [Cf. L. famularis of servants.]

Defn: Domestic; familiar. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FAMULATE
Fam"u*late, v. i. Etym: [L. famulatus, p.p. of famulari to serve, fr.
famulus servant.]

Defn: To serve. [Obs.]

FAMULIST
Fam"u*list, n. Etym: [L. famulus servant.]

Defn: A collegian of inferior rank or position, corresponding to the
sizar at Cambridge. [Oxford Univ., Eng.]

FAN
Fan, n. Etym: [AS. fann, fr. L. vannus fan, van for winnowing grain;
cf. F. van. Cf. Van a winnowing machine, Winnow.]

1. An instrument used for producing artificial currents of air, by
the wafting or revolving motion of a broad surface; as:
(a) An instrument for cooling the person, made of feathers, paper,
silk, etc., and often mounted on sticks all turning about the same
pivot, so as when opened to radiate from the center and assume the
figure of a section of a circle.
(b) (Mach.) Any revolving vane or vanes used for producing currents
of air, in winnowing grain, blowing a fire, ventilation, etc., or for
checking rapid motion by the resistance of the air; a fan blower; a
fan wheel.
(c) An instrument for winnowing grain, by moving which the grain is
tossed and agitated, and the chaff is separated and blown away.
(d) Something in the form of a fan when spread, as a peacock's tail,
a window, etc.
(e) A small vane or sail, used to keep the large sails of a smock
windmill always in the direction of the wind.
Clean provender, which hath been winnowed with the shovel and with
the fan. Is. xxx. 24.

2. That which produces effects analogous to those of a fan, as in
exciting a flame, etc.; that which inflames, heightens, or
strengthens; as, it served as a fan to the flame of his passion.

3. A quintain; -- from its form. [Obs.] Chaucer. Fan blower, a wheel
with vanes fixed on a rotating shaft inclosed in a case or chamber,
to create a blast of air (fan blast) for forge purposes, or a current
for draft and ventilation; a fanner.
 -- Fan cricket (Zoöl.), a mole cricket.
 -- Fan light (Arch.), a window over a door; -- so called from the
semicircular form and radiating sash bars of those windows which are
set in the circular heads of arched doorways.
 -- Fan shell (Zoöl.), any shell of the family Pectinidæ. See
Scallop, n., 1.
 -- Fan tracery (Arch.), the decorative tracery on the surface of fan
vaulting.
 -- Fan vaulting (Arch.), an elaborate system of vaulting, in which
the ribs diverge somewhat like the rays of a fan, as in Henry VII.'s
chapel in Westminster Abbey. It is peculiar to English Gothic.
 -- Fan wheel, the wheel of a fan blower.
 -- Fan window. Same as Fan light (above).

FAN
Fan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fanned; p. pr. & vb. n. Fanning.] Etym: [Cf.
OF. vanner, L. vannere. See Fan, n., Van a winnowing machine.]

1. To move as with a fan.
The air . . . fanned with unnumbered plumes. Milton.

2. To cool and refresh, by moving the air with a fan; to blow the air
on the face of with a fan.

3. To ventilate; to blow on; to affect by air put in motion.
Calm as the breath which fans our eastern groves. Dryden.

4. To winnow; to separate chaff from, and drive it away by a current
of air; as, to fan wheat. Jer. li. 2.

5. To excite or stir up to activity, as a fan axcites a flame; to
stimulate; as, this conduct fanned the excitement of the populace.
Fanning machine, or Fanning mill, a machine for separating seed from
chaff, etc., by a blast of air; a fanner.

FANAL
Fa`nal", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A lighthouse, or the apparatus placed in it for giving light.

FANATIC
Fa*nat"ic, a. Etym: [L. fanaticus inspired by divinity, enthusiastic,
frantic, fr. fanum fane: cf. F. fanatique. See Fane.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or indicating, fanaticism; extravagant in
opinions; ultra; unreasonable; excessively enthusiastic, especially
on religious subjects; as, fanatic zeal; fanatic notions.
But Faith, fanatic Faith, once wedded fast To some dear falsehood,
hugs it to the last. T. Moore.

FANATIC
Fa*nat"ic, n.

Defn: A person affected by excessive enthusiasm, particularly on
religious subjects; one who indulges wild and extravagant notions of
religion.
There is a new word, coined within few months, called fanatics,
which, by the close stickling thereof, seemeth well cut out and
proportioned to signify what is meant thereby, even the sectaries of
our age. Fuller (1660).
Fanatics are governed rather by imagination than by judgment. Stowe.

FANATICAL
Fa*nat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Characteristic of, or relating to, fanaticism; fanatic. -
Fa*nat"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Fa*nat"ic*al*ness, n.

FANATICISM
Fa*nat"i*cism, n. Etym: [Cf. Fanatism.]

Defn: Excessive enthusiasm, unreasoning zeal, or wild and extravagant
notions, on any subject, especially religion; religious frenzy.

Syn.
 -- See Superstition.

FANATICIZE
Fa*nat"i*cize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fanaticized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fanaticizing.]

Defn: To cause to become a fanatic.

FANATISM
Fan"a*tism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fanatisme. Cf. Fanaticism.]

Defn: Fanaticism. [R.] Gibbon.

FANCIED
Fan"cied, a. Etym: [From Fancy, v. t.]

Defn: Formed or conceived by the fancy; unreal; as, a fancied wrong.

FANCIER
Fan"ci*er, n.

1. One who is governed by fancy. "Not reasoners, but fanciers."
Macaulay.

2. One who fancies or has a special liking for, or interest in, a
particular object or class or objects; hence, one who breeds and
keeps for sale birds and animals; as, bird fancier, dog fancier, etc.

FANCIFUL
Fan"ci*ful, a.

1. Full of fancy; guided by fancy, rather than by reason and
experience; whimsical; as, a fanciful man forms visionary projects.

2. Conceived in the fancy; not consistent with facts or reason;
abounding in ideal qualities or figures; as, a fanciful scheme; a
fanciful theory.

3. Curiously shaped or constructed; as, she wore a fanciful
headdress.
Gather up all fancifullest shells. Keats.

Syn.
 -- Imaginative; ideal; visionary; capricious; chimerical; whimsical;
fantastical; wild.
 -- Fanciful, Fantastical, Visionary. We speak of that as fanciful
which is irregular in taste and judgment; we speak of it as
fantastical when it becomes grotesque and extravagant as well as
irregular; we speak of it as visionary when it is wholly unfounded in
the nature of things. Fanciful notions are the product of a heated
fancy, without any tems are made up of oddly assorted fancies, aften
of the most whimsical kind; visionary expectations are those which
can never be realized in fact.
 -- Fan"ci*ful*ly, adv. -Fan"ci*ful*ness, n.

FANCILESS
Fan"*ci*less, a.

Defn: Having no fancy; without ideas or imagination. [R.]
A pert or bluff important wight, Whose brain is fanciless, whose
blood is white. Armstrong.

FANCY
Fan"cy, n.; pl. Fancies. Etym: [Contr. fr. fantasy, OF. fantasie,
fantaisie, F. fantaisie, L. phantasia, fr. Gr. bhato shine. Cf.
Fantasy, Fantasia, Epiphany, Phantom.]

1. The faculty by which the mind forms an image or a representation
of anything perceived before; the power of combining and modifying
such objects into new pictures or images; the power of readily and
happily creating and recalling such objects for the purpose of
amusement, wit, or embellishment; imagination.
In the soul Are many lesser faculties, that serve Reason as chief.
Among these fancy next Her office holds. Milton.

2. An image or representation of anything formed in the mind;
conception; thought; idea; conceit.
How now, my lord ! why do you keep alone, Of sorriest fancies your
companoins making Shak.

3. An opinion or notion formed without much reflection; caprice;
whim; impression.
I have always had a fancy that learning might be made a play and
recreation to children. Locke.

4. Inclination; liking, formed by caprice rather than reason; as, to
strike one's fancy; hence, the object of inclination or liking.
To fit your fancies to your father's will. Shak.

5. That which pleases or entertains the taste or caprice without much
use or value.
London pride is a pretty fancy for borders. Mortimer.

6. A sort of love song or light impromptu ballad. [Obs.] Shak. The
fancy, all of a class who exhibit and cultivate any peculiar taste or
fancy; hence, especially, sporting characters taken collectively, or
any specific class of them, as jockeys, gamblers, prize fighters,
etc.
At a great book sale in London, which had congregated all the fancy.
De Quincey.

Syn.
 -- Imagination; conceit; taste; humor; inclination; whim; liking.
See Imagination.

FANCY
Fan"cy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fancied, p. pr. & vb. n. Fancying (.]

1. To figure to one's self; to believe or imagine something without
proof.
If our search has reached no farther than simile and metaphor, we
rather fancy than know. Locke.

2. To love. [Obs.] Shak.

FANCY
Fan"cy, v. t.

1. To form a conception of; to portray in the mind; to imagine.
He whom I fancy, but can ne'er express. Dryden.

2. To have a fancy for; to like; to be pleased with, particularly on
account of external appearance or manners. "We fancy not the
cardinal." Shak.

3. To believe without sufficient evidence; to imagine (something
which is unreal).
He fancied he was welcome, because those arounde him were his
kinsmen. Thackeray.

FANCY
Fan"cy, a.

1. Adapted to please the fancy or taste; ornamental; as, fancy goods.

2. Extravagant; above real value.
This anxiety never degenerated into a monomania, like that which led
his [Frederick the Great's] father to pay fancy prices for giants.
Macaulay.
Fancy ball, a ball in which porsons appear in fanciful dresses in
imitation of the costumes of different persons and nations.
 -- Fancy fair, a fair at which articles of fancy and ornament are
sold, generally for some charitable purpose.
 -- Fancy goods, fabrics of various colors, patterns, etc., as
ribbons, silks, laces, etc., in distinction from those of a simple or
plain color or make.
 -- Fancy line (Naut.), a line rove through a block at the jaws of a
gaff; -- used to haul it down. Fancy roller (Carding Machine), a
clothed cylinder (usually having straight teeth) in front of the
doffer.
 -- Fancy stocks, a species of stocks which afford great opportunity
for stock gambling, since they have no intrinsic value, and the
fluctuations in their prices are artificial.
 -- Fancy store, one where articles of fancy and ornament are sold.
 -- Fancy woods, the more rare and expensive furniture woods, as
mahogany, satinwood, rosewood, etc.

FANCY-FREE
Fan"cy-free`, a.

Defn: Free from the power of love. "In maiden meditation, fancy-
free." Shak.

FANCYMONGER
Fan"cy*mon`ger, n.

Defn: A lovemonger; a whimsical lover. [Obs.] Shak.

FANCY-SICK
Fan"cy-sick`, a.

Defn: Love-sick. Shak.

FANCYWORK
Fan"cy*work`, n.

Defn: Ornamental work with a needle or hook, as embroidery,
crocheting, netting, etc.

FAND
Fand, obs.

Defn: imp. of Find. Spenser.

FANDANGO
Fan*dan"go, n.; pl. Fandangoes. Etym: [Sp. A name brought, together
with the dance, from the West Indies to Spain.]

1. A lively dance, in 3-8 or 6-8 time, much practiced in Spain and
Spanish America. Also, the tune to which it is danced.

2. A ball or general dance, as in Mexico. [Colloq.]

FANE
Fane, n. Etym: [L. fanum a place dedicated to some deity, a
sanctuary, fr. fari to speak. See Fame.]

Defn: A temple; a place consecrated to religion; a church. [Poet.]
Such to this British Isle, her Christian fanes. Wordsworth.

FANE
Fane, n. Etym: [See Vane.]

Defn: A weathercock. [Obs.]

FANEGA
Fa*ne"ga, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A dry measure in Spain and Spanish America, varying from 1 De
Colange.

FANFARE
Fan"fare`, n. Etym: [F. Cf. Fanfaron.]

Defn: A flourish of trumpets, as in coming into the lists, etc.;
also, a short and lively air performed on hunting horns during the
chase.
The fanfare announcing the arrival of the various Christian princes.
Sir W. Scott.

FANFARON
Fan"fa*ron, n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. fanfarron; cf. It. fanfano, and
OSp. fanfa swaggering, boasting, also Ar. farfar talkative.]

Defn: A bully; a hector; a swaggerer; an empty boaster. [R.] Dryden.

FANFARONADE
Fan*far`on*ade", n. Etym: [F. fanfaronnade, fr. Sp. fanfarronada. See
Fanfaron.]

Defn: A swaggering; vain boasting; ostentation; a bluster. Swift.

FANFOOT
Fan"foot`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A species of gecko having the toes expanded into large lobes for
adhesion. The Egyptian fanfoot (Phyodactylus gecko) is believed, by
the natives, to have venomous toes.
(b) Any moth of the genus Polypogon.

FANG
Fang, v. t. Etym: [OE. fangen, fongen, fon (g orig. only in p.p. and
imp. tense), AS. f; akin to D. vangen, OHG. fahan, G. fahen, fangen,
Isel. fa, Sw. f, f, Dan. fange, faae, Goth. fahan, and prob. to E.
fair, peace, pact. Cf. Fair, a.]

1. To catch; to seize, as with the teeth; to lay hold of; to gripe;
to clutch. [Obs.] Shak.
He's in the law's clutches; you see he's fanged. J. Webster.

2. To enable to catch or tear; to furnish with fangs. "Chariots
fanged with scythes." Philips.

FANG
Fang, n. Etym: [From Fang, v. t.; cf. AS. fang a taking, booty, G.
fang.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tusk of an animal, by which the prey is seized and held or
torn; a long pointed tooth; esp., one of the usually erectile,
venomous teeth of serpents. Also, one of the falcers of a spider.
Since I am a dog, beware my fangs. Shak.

2. Any shoot or other thing by which hold is taken.
The protuberant fangs of the yucca. Evelyn.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The root, or one of the branches of the root, of a tooth. See
Tooth.

4. (Mining)

Defn: A niche in the side of an adit or shaft, for an air course.
Knight.

5. (Mech.)

Defn: A projecting tooth or prong, as in a part of a lock, or the
plate of a belt clamp, or the end of a tool, as a chisel, where it
enters the handle.

6. (Naut.)
(a) The valve of a pump box.
(b) A bend or loop of a rope. In a fang, fast entangled.
 -- To lose the fang, said of a pump when the water has gone out;
hence: To fang a pump, to supply it with the water necessary to make
it operate. [Scot.]

FANGED
Fanged, a.

Defn: Having fangs or tusks; as, a fanged adder. Also used
figuratively.

FANGLE
Fan"gle, n. Etym: [From Fang, v. t.; hence, prop., a taking up a new
thing.]

Defn: Something new-fashioned; a foolish innovation; a gewgaw; a
trifling ornament.

FANGLE
Fan"gle, v. t.

Defn: To fashion. [Obs.]
To control and new fangle the Scripture. Milton.

FANGLED
Fan"gled, a.

Defn: New made; hence, gaudy; showy; vainly decorated. [Obs., except
with the prefix new.] See Newfangled. "Our fangled world." Shak.

FANGLENESS
Fan"gle*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being fangled. [Obs.]
He them in new fangleness did pass. Spenser.

FANGLESS
Fang"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of fangs or tusks. "A fangless lion." Shak.

FANGOT
Fan"got, n. Etym: [Cf. It. fagotto, fangotto, a bundle. Cf. Fagot.]

Defn: A quantity of wares, as raw silk, etc., from one hundred
weight.

FANION
Fan"ion, n. Etym: [See Fanon.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A small flag sometimes carried at the head of the baggage of a
brigade. [Obs.]

2. A small flag for marking the stations in surveying.

FANLIKE
Fan"like`, a.

Defn: Resembling a fan; -- specifically (Bot.), folded up like a fan,
as certain leaves; plicate.

FANNEL
Fan"nel, n. Etym: [Dim., from same source as fanon.]

Defn: Same as Fanon.

FANNER
Fan"ner, n.

1. One who fans. Jer. li. 2.

2. A fan wheel; a fan blower. See under Fan.

FAN-NERVED
Fan"-*nerved`, a. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the nerves or veins arranged in a radiating manner; --
said of certain leaves, and of the winfs of some insects.

FANON
Fan"on, n. Etym: [F. fanon, LL. fano, fr. OHG. fano banner cloth, G.
fahne banner. See Vane, and cf. Fanion, Confalon.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A term applied to various articles, as: (a) A peculiar striped
scarf worn by the pope at mass, and by eastern bishops. (b) A
maniple. [Written also fannel, phanon, etc.]

FAN PALM
Fan" palm`. (Bot.)

Defn: Any palm tree having fan-shaped or radiate leaves; as the
Chamærops humilis of Southern Europe; the species of Sabal and
Thrinax in the West Indies, Florida, etc.; and especially the great
talipot tree (Corypha umbraculifera) of Ceylon and Malaya. The leaves
of the latter are often eighteen feet long and fourteen wide, and are
used for umbrellas, tents, and roofs. When cut up, they are used for
books and manuscripts.

FANTAIL
Fan"tail`, n. (Zool.)
(a) A variety of the domestic pigeon, so called from the shape of the
tail.
(b) Any bird of the Australian genus Rhipidura, in which the tail is
spread in the form of a fan during flight. They belong to the family
of flycatchers.

FAN-TAILED
Fan"-tailed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having an expanded, or fan-shaped, tail; as, the fan-tailed
pigeon.

FAN-TAN
Fan"-tan` (fan"tan`), n. [Chinese (of Canton) in an-tan-kun gambling
house.]

1. A Chinese gambling game in which coins or other small objects are
placed upon a table, usually under a cup, and the players bet as to
what remainder will be left when the sum of the counters is divided
by four.

2.  A game with playing cards in which the cards are played in
sequences upon the table, the one who first gets rid of his cards
being the winner.

FANTASIA
Fan*ta"si*a, n. Etym: [It. See Fancy.] (Mus.)

Defn: A continuous composition, not divided into what are called
movements, or governed by the ordinary rules of musical design, but
in which the author's fancy roves unrestricted by set form.

FANTASIED
Fan"ta*sied, a. Etym: [From Fantasy.]

Defn: Filled with fancies or imaginations. [Obs.] Shak.

FANTASM
Fan"tasm, n. Etym: [See Phantasm, Fancy.]

Defn: Same as Phantasm.

FANTAST
Fan"tast, n.

Defn: One whose manners or ideas are fantastic. [R.] Coleridge.

FANTASTIC
Fan*tas"tic, a. Etym: [F. fantastique, fr. Gr. Fancy.]

1. Existing only in imagination; fanciful; imaginary; not real;
chimerical.

2. Having the nature of a phantom; unreal. Shak.

3. Indulging the vagaries of imagination; whimsical; full of absurd
fancies; capricious; as, fantastic minds; a fantastic mistress.

4. Resembling fantasies in irregularity, caprice, or eccentricity;
irregular; oddly shaped; grotesque.
There at the foot of yonder nodding beech, That wreathes its old
fantastic roots so high. T. Gray.

Syn.
 -- Fanciful; imaginative; ideal; visionary; capricious; chimerical;
whimsical; queer. See Fanciful.

FANTASTIC
Fan*tas"tic, n.

Defn: A person given to fantastic dress, manners, etc.; an eccentric
person; a fop. Milton.
Our fantastics, who, having a fine watch, take all ocasions to drow
it out to be seen. Fuller.

FANTASTICAL
Fan*tas"tic*al, a.

Defn: Fanciful; unreal; whimsical; capricious; fantastic.

FANTASTICALITY
Fan*tas`ti*cal"i*ty, n.

Defn: Fantastically. [Obs.]

FANTASTICALLY
Fan*tas"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a fantastic manner.
the letter A, in scarlet, fantastically embroidered with gold thread,
upon her bosom. Hawthorne.

FANTASTIC-ALNESS
Fan*tas"tic-al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being fantastic.

FANTASTICISM
Fan*tas"ti*cism, n.

Defn: The quality of being fantastical; fancifulness; whimsicality.
Ruskin.

FANTASTICLY
Fan*tas"tic*ly, adv.

Defn: Fantastically. [Obs.]

FANTASTICNESS
Fan*tas"tic*ness, n.

Defn: Fantasticalness. [Obs.]

FANTASTICO
Fan*tas"tic*o, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A fantastic. [Obs.] Shak.

FANTASY
Fan"ta*sy, n.; pl. Fantasies. Etym: [See Fancy.]

1. Fancy; imagination; especially, a whimsical or fanciful
conception; a vagary of the imagination; whim; caprice; humor.
Is not this something more than fantasy Shak.
A thousand fantasies Being to throng into my memory. Milton.

2. Fantastic designs.
Embroidered with fantasies and flourishes of gold thread. Hawthorne.

FANTASY
Fan"ta*sy, v. t.

Defn: To have a fancy for; to be pleased with; to like; to fancy.
[Obs.] Cavendish.
Which he doth most fantasy. Robynson (More's Utopia).

FANTIGUE; FANTIQUE
Fan*tigue", Fan*tique", n. [Written also fanteague, fanteeg, etc.]
[Cf. Fantod.]

Defn: State of worry or excitment; fidget; ill humor. [Prov. Eng.]
Dickens.

FANTOCCINI
Fan`toc*ci"ni, n. pl. Etym: [It., dim. fr. fante child.]

Defn: Puppets caused to perform evolutions or dramatic scenes by
means of machinery; also, the representations in which they are used.

FANTOD; FANTAD
Fan"tod, Fan"tad, n. [Cf. Fantigue.]

Defn: State of worry or excitement; fidget; fuss; also,
indisposition; pet; sulks. [Slang]

FANTOM
Fan"tom, n.

Defn: See Phantom. Fantom corn, phantom corn. Grose.

FAP
Fap, a.

Defn: Fuddled. [Obs.] Shak.

FAQUIR
Fa*quir", n.

Defn: See Fakir.

FAR
Far, n. Etym: [See Farrow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young pig, or a litter of pigs.

FAR
Far, a. [Farther and Farthest are used as the compar. and superl. of
far, although they are corruptions arising from confusion with
further and furthest. See Further.] Etym: [OE. fer, feor, AS. feor;
akin to OS. fer, D. ver, OHG. ferro, adv., G. fern, a., Icel. fjarri,
Dan. fjirn, Sw. fjerran, adv., Goth. fairra, adv., Gr. paras, adv.,
far, and prob. to L. per through, and E. prefix for-, as in forgive,
and also to fare. CF. Farther, Farthest.]

1. Distant in any direction; not near; remote; mutually separated by
a wide space or extent.
They said, . . . We be come from a far country. Josh. ix. 6.
The nations far and near contend in choice. Dryden.

2. Remote from purpose; contrary to design or wishes; as, far be it
from me to justify cruelty.

3. Remote in affection or obedience; at a distance, morally or
spiritually; t enmity with; alienated.
They that are far from thee ahsll perish. Ps. lxxiii. 27.

4. Widely different in nature or quality; opposite in character.
He was far from ill looking, though he thought himself still farther.
F. Anstey.

5. The more distant of two; as, the far side (called also off side)
of a horse, that is, the right side, or the one opposite to the rider
when he mounts.

Note: The distinction between the adjectival and adverbial use of far
is sometimes not easily discriminated. By far, by much; by a great
difference.
 -- Far between, with a long distance (of space or time) between; at
long intervals. "The examinations are few and far between." Farrar.

FAR
Far, adv.

1. To a great extent or distance of space; widely; as, we are
separated far from each other.

2. To a great distance in time from any point; remotely; as, he
pushed his researches far into antiquity.

3. In great part; as, the day is far spent.

4. In a great proportion; by many degrees; very much; deeply;
greatly.
Who can find a virtuous woman for her price is far above rubies.
Prov. xxxi. 10.
As far as, to the extent, or degree, that. See As far as, under As.
 -- Far off. (a) At a great distance, absolutely or relatively. (b)
Distant in sympathy or affection; alienated. "But now, in Christ
Jesus, ye who some time were far off are made nigh by the blood of
Christ." Eph. ii. 13.
 -- Far other, different by a great degree; not the same; quite
unlike. Pope.
 -- Far and near, at a distance and close by; throughout a whole
region.
 -- Far and wide, distantly and broadly; comprehensively. "Far and
wide his eye commands." Milton.
 -- From far, from a great distance; from a remote place.

Note: Far often occurs in self-explaining compounds, such as far-
extended, far-reaching, far-spread.

FAR-ABOUT
Far"-*a*bout`, n.

Defn: A going out of the way; a digression. [Obs.] Fuller.

FARAD
Far"ad, n. Etym: [From Michael Faraday, the English electrician.]
(Elec.)

Defn: The standard unit of electrical capacity; the capacity of a
condenser whose charge, having an electro-motive force of one volt,
is equal to the amount of electricity which, with the same
electromotive force, passes through one ohm in one second; the
capacity, which, charged with one coulomb, gives an electro-motive
force of one volt.

FARADIC
Far*ad"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Michael Faraday, the distinguished
electrician; -- applied especially to induced currents of
electricity, as produced by certain forms of inductive apparatus, on
account of Faraday's investigations of their laws.

FARADISM; FARADIZATION
Far"a*dism, Far`a*di*za"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: The treatment with faradic or induced currents of electricity
for remedial purposes.

FARADIZE
Far"a*dize, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Faradized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Faradizing.] (Med.)

Defn: To stimulate with, or subject to, faradic, or inducted,
electric currents. --Far"a*diz`er (#), n.

FARAND
Far"and, n.

Defn: See Farrand, n.

FARANDAMS
Far"an*dams, n.

Defn: A fabrik made of silk and wool or hair. Simmonds.

FARANDOLE
Fa`ran`dole", n. [F. farandole, Pr. farandoulo.]

Defn: A rapid dance in six-eight time in which a large number join
hands and dance in various figures, sometimes moving from room to
room. It originated in Provence.

I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole.
W. D. Howells.

FARANTLY
Far"ant*ly, a. Etym: [See Farrand.]

Defn: Orderly; comely; respectable. [Obs.] Halliwell.

FARCE
Farce, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Farced, p. pr. & vb. n. Farcing (.] Etym:
[F. Farcir, L. farcire; akin to Gr. Force to stuff, Diaphragm,
Frequent, Farcy, Farse.]

1. To stuff with forcemeat; hence, to fill with mingled ingredients;
to fill full; to stuff. [Obs.]
The first principles of religion should not be farced with school
points and private tenets. Bp. Sanderson.
His tippet was aye farsed full of knives. Chaucer.

2. To render fat. [Obs.]
If thou wouldst farce thy lean ribs. B. Jonson.

3. To swell out; to render pompous. [Obs.]
Farcing his letter with fustian. Sandys.

FARCE
Farce, n. Etym: [F. farce, from L. farsus (also sometimes farctus),
p.p. pf farcire. See Farce, v. t.]

1. (Cookery)

Defn: Stuffing, or mixture of viands, like that used on dressing a
fowl; forcemeat.

2. A low style of comedy; a dramatic composition marked by low humor,
generally written with little regard to regularity or method, and
abounding with ludicrous incidents and expressions.
Farce is that in poetry which "grotesque" is in a picture: the
persons and action of a farce are all unnatural, and the manners
false. Dryden.

3. Ridiculous or empty show; as, a mere farce. "The farce of state."
Pope.

FARCEMENT
Farce"ment, n.

Defn: Stuffing; forcemeat. [Obs.]
They spoil a good dish with . . . unsavory farcements. Feltham.

FARCICAL
Far"ci*cal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to farce; appropriated to farce; ludicrous;
unnatural; unreal.
They deny the characters to be farcical, because they are Gay.
-- Far"ci*cal*ly, adv. -Far"ci*cal*ness, n.

FARCICAL
Far"ci*cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the disease called farcy. See Farcy, n.

FARCILITE
Far"ci*lite, n. Etym: [Farce+-lite.] (Min.)

Defn: Pudding stone. [Obs.] Kirwan.

FARCIMEN; FARCIN
Far"ci*men, Far"cin, n. (Far.)

Defn: Same as Farcy.

FARCING
Far"cing, n. (Cookery)

Defn: Stuffing; forcemeat.

FARCTATE
Farc"tate, a. Etym: [L. farctus, p.p. of farcire. See Farce, v. t.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Stuffed; filled solid; as, a farctate leaf, stem, or pericarp;
-- opposed to tubular or hollow. [Obs.]

FARCY
Far"cy, n. Etym: [F. farcin; cf. L. farciminum a disease of horses,
fr. farcire. See Farce.] (Far.)

Defn: A contagious disease of horses, associated with painful
ulcerating enlargements, esp. upon the head and limbs. It is of the
same nature as glanders, and is often fatal. Called also farcin, and
farcimen.

Note: Farcy, although more common in horses, is communicable to other
animals and to human beings. Farcy bud, a hard, prominent swelling
occurrinng upon the cutaneous surface in farcy, due to the
obstruction and inflammation of the lymphatic vessels, and followed
by ulceration. Youatt.

FARD
Fard, n. Etym: [F., prob. fr. OHG. gifarit, gifarwit p.p. of farwjan
to color, tinge, fr. farawa color, G. farbe.]

Defn: Paint used on the face. [Obs.] "Painted with French fard." J.
Whitaker.

FARD
Fard, v. t. Etym: [F. farder to paint one's face.]

Defn: To paint; -- said esp. of one's face. [Obs.] Shenstone.

FARDAGE
Far`dage", n. Etym: [F. See Fardel.] (Naut.)

Defn: See Dunnage.

FARDEL
Far"del, n. Etym: [OF. fardel, F. fardeau; cf. Sp. fardel, fardillo,
fardo, LL. fardellus; prob. fr. Ar. fard one of the two parts of an
object divisible into two, hence, one of the two parts of a camel's
load. Cf. Furl.]

Defn: A bundle or little pack; hence, a burden. [Obs.] Shak.
A fardel of never-ending misery and suspense. Marryat.

FARDEL
Far"del, v. t.

Defn: To make up in fardels. [Obs.] Fuller.

FARDING-BAG
Far"ding-bag`, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin; cf. Fardel.]

Defn: The upper stomach of a cow, or other ruminant animal; the
rumen.

FARDINGDALE
Far"ding*dale, n.

Defn: A farthingale. [Obs.]

FARDINGDEAL
Far"ding*deal, n. Etym: [See Farthing, and Deal a part.]

Defn: The fourth part of an acre of land. [Obs.] [Written also
farding dale, fardingale, etc.]

FARE
Fare, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fared; p. pr. & vb. n. Faring.] Etym: [AS.
faran to travel, fare; akin to OS., Goth., & OHG. faran to travel,
go, D. varen, G. fahren, OFries., Isel., & Sw. fara, Dan. fare, Gr.
peritus experienced, portus port, Skr. par to bring over. sq. root78.
Cf Chaffer, Emporium, Far, Ferry, Ford, Peril, Port a harbor, Pore,
n.]

1. To go; to pass; to journey; to travel.
So on he fares, and to the border comes Of Eden. Milton.

2. To be in any state, or pass through any experience, good or bad;
to be attended with any circummstances or train of events, fortunate
or unfortunate; as, he fared well, or ill.
So fares the stag among the enraged hounds. Denham.
I bid you most heartily well to fare. Robynson (More's Utopia).
So fared the knight between two foes. Hudibras.

3. To be treated or entertained at table, or with bodily or social
comforts; to live.
There was a certain rich man wwhich . . . fared sumptuously every
day. Luke xvi. 19.

4. To happen well, or ill; -- used impersonally; as, we shall see how
it will fare with him.
Sso fares it when with truth falsehood contends. Milton.

5. To behave; to conduct one's self. [Obs.]
She ferde [fared] as she would die. Chaucer.

FARE
Fare, n. Etym: [AS. faru journey, fr. faran. See Fare, v.]

1. A journey; a passage. [Obs.]
That nought might stay his fare. Spenser.

2. The price of passage or going; the sum paid or due for conveying a
person by land or water; as, the fare for crossing a river; the fare
in a coach or by railway.

3. Ado; bustle; business. [Obs.]
The warder chid and made fare. Chaucer.

4. Condition or state of things; fortune; hap; cheer.
What fare what news abroad Shak.

5. Food; provisions for the table; entertainment; as, coarse fare;
delicious fare. "Philosophic fare." Dryden.

6. The person or persons conveyed in a vehicle; as, a full fare of
passengers. A. Drummond.

7. The catch of fish on a fishing vessel. Bill of fare. See under
Bill.
 -- Fare indicator or register, a device for recording the number of
passengers on a street car, etc.
 -- Fare wicket. (a) A gate or turnstile at the entrance of toll
bridges, exhibition grounds, etc., for registering the number of
persons passing it. (b) An opening in the door of a street car for
purchasing tickets of the driver or passing fares to the conductor.
Knight.

FAREN
Far"en, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Fare, v. i. Chaucer.

FAREWELL
Fare`well", interj. Etym: [Fare (thou, you) + well.]

Defn: Go well; good-by; adieu; -- originally applied to a person
departing, but by custom now applied both to those who depart and
those who remain. It is often separated by the pronoun; as, fare you
well; and is sometimes used as an expression of separation only; as,
farewell the year; farewell, ye sweet groves; that is, I bid you
farewell.
So farewell hope, and with hope, farewell fear. Milton.
Fare thee well! and if forever, Still forever fare thee well. Byron.

Note: The primary accent is sometimes placed on the first syllable,
especially in poetry.

FAREWELL
Fare`well", n.

1. A wish of happiness or welfare at parting; the parting compliment;
a good-by; adieu.

2. Act of departure; leave-taking; a last look at, or reference to
something.
And takes her farewell of the glorious sun. Shak.
Before I take my farewell of the subject. Addison.

FAREWELL
Fare"well`, a.

Defn: Parting; valedictory; final; as, a farewell discourse; his
farewell bow.
Leans in his spear to take his farewell view. Tickell.
Farewell rock (Mining), the Millstone grit; -- so called because no
coal is found worth working below this stratum. It is used for
hearths of furnaces, having power to resist intense heat. Ure.

FARFET
Far"fet`, a. Etym: [Far + fet, p. p. of Fette.]

Defn: Farfetched. [Obs.]
York with his farfet policy. Shak.

FARFETCH
Far"fetch`, v. t. Etym: [Far + fetch.]

Defn: To bring from far; to seek out studiously. [Obs.]
To farfetch the name of Tartar from a Hebrew word. Fuller.

FARFETCH
Far"fetch`, n.

Defn: Anything brought from far, or brought about with studious care;
a deep strategem. [Obs.] "Politic farfetches." Hudibras.

FARFETCHED
Far"fetched`, a.

1. Brought from far, or from a remote place.
Every remedy contained a multitude of farfetched and heterogeneous
ingredients. Hawthorne.

2. Studiously sought; not easily or naturally deduced or introduced;
forced; strained.

FARINA
Fa*ri"na, n. Etym: [L., meal, flour, fr. far a sort of grain, spelt;
akin to E. barley.]

1. A fine flour or meal made from cereal grains or from the starch or
fecula of vegetables, extracted by various processes, and used in
cookery.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Pollen. [R.] Craig.

FARINACEOUS
Far`i*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. farinaceus.]

1. Consisting or made of meal or flour; as, a farinaceous diet.

2. Yielding farina or flour; as, ffarinaceous seeds.

3. Like meal; mealy; pertainiing to meal; as, a farinaceous taste,
smell, or appearance.

FARINOSE
Far`i*nose", a. Etym: [L. farinosus: cf. F. farineux.]

1. Yielding farinaa; as, farinose substances.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Civered with a sort of white, mealy powder, as the leaves of
some poplars, and the body of certain insects; mealy.

FARL
Farl, v. t.

Defn: Same as Furl. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

FARLIE
Far"lie, n. Etym: [OE. ferlish wonder, as adj., strange, sudden,
fearful, AS. færlic sudden. See Fear.]

Defn: An unusual or unexpected thing; a wonder. See Fearly. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.] Drayton.

FARM
Farm, n. Etym: [OE. ferme rent, lease, F. ferme, LL. firma, fr. L.
firmus firm, fast, firmare to make firm or fast. See Firm, a. & n.]

1. The rent of land, -- originally paid by reservation of part of its
products. [Obs.]

2. The term or tenure of a lease of land for cultivation; a
leasehold. [Obs.]
It is great willfulness in landlords to make any longer farms to
their tenants. Spenser.

3. The land held under lease and by payment of rent for the purpose
of cultivation.

4. Any tract of land devoted to agricultural purposes, under the
management of a tenant or the owner.

Note: In English the ideas of a lease, a term, and a rent, continue
to be in a great degree inseparable, even from the popular meaning of
a farm, as they are entirely so from the legal sense. Burrill.

5. A district of country leased (or farmed) out for the collection of
the revenues of government.
The province was devided into twelve farms. Burke.

6. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A lease of the imposts on particular goods; as, the sugar farm,
the silk farm.
Whereas G. H. held the farm of sugars upon a rent of 10,000 marks per
annum. State Trials (1196).

FARM
Farm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Farmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Farming.]

1. To lease or let for an equivalent, as land for a rent; to yield
the use of to proceeds.
We are enforced to farm our royal realm. Shak.

2. To give up to another, as an estate, a business, the revenue,
etc., on condition of receiving in return a percentage of what it
yields; as, to farm the taxes.
To farm their subjects and their duties toward these. Burke.

3. To take at a certain rent or rate.

4. To devote (land) to agriculture; to cultivate, as land; to till,
as a farm. To farm let, To let to farm, to lease on rent.

FARM
Farm, v. i.

Defn: To engage in the business of tilling the soil; to labor as a
farmer.

FARMABLE
Farm"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being farmed.

FARMER
Farm"er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fermier.]

Defn: One who farms; as:
(a) One who hires and cultivates a farm; a cultivator of leased
ground; a tenant. Smart.
(b) One who is devoted to the tillage of the soil; one who cultivates
a farm; an agriculturist; a husbandman.
(c) One who takes taxes, customs, excise, or other duties, to
collect, either paying a fixed annuual rent for the privilege; as, a
farmer of the revenues.
(d) (Mining) The lord of the field, or one who farms the lot and cope
of the crown. Farmer-general Etym: [F. fermier-general], one to whom
the right of levying certain taxes, in a particular district, was
farmed out, under the former French monarchy, for a given sum paid
down.
 -- Farmers' satin, a light material of cotton and worsted, used for
coat linings. McElrath.
 -- The king's farmer (O. Eng. Law), one to whom the collection of a
royal revenue was farmed out. Burrill.

FARMERESS
Farm"er*ess, n.

Defn: A woman who farms.

FARMERSHIP
Farm"er*ship, n.

Defn: Skill in farming.

FARMERY
Farm"er*y, n.

Defn: The buildings and yards necessary for the business of a farm; a
homestead. [Eng.]

FARMHOUSE
Farm"house`, n.

Defn: A dwelling house on a farm; a farmer's residence.

FARMING
Farm"ing, a.

Defn: Pertaining to agriculture; devoted to, adapted to, or engaged
in, farming; as, farming tools; farming land; a farming community.

FARMING
Farm"ing, n.

Defn: The business of cultivating land.

FARMOST
Far"most`, a.

Defn: Most distant; farthest.
A spacious cave within its farmost part. Dryden.

FARMSTEAD
Farm"stead, n.

Defn: A farm with the building upon it; a homestead on a farm.
Tennyson.
With its pleasant groves and farmsteads. Carlyle.

FARMSTEADING
Farm"stead*ing, n.

Defn: A farmstead. [Scot.] Black.

FARMYARD
Farm"yard`, n.

Defn: The yard or inclosure attached to a barn, or the space inclosed
by the farm buildings.

FARNESS
Far"ness, n. Etym: [From Far, a.]

Defn: The state of being far off; distance; remoteness. [R.] Grew.

FARO
Far"o, n. Etym: [Said to be so called because the Egyptian king
Pharaoh was formerly represented upon one of the cards.]

Defn: A gambling game at cardds, in whiich all the other players play
against the dealer or banker, staking their money upon the order in
which the cards will lie and be dealt from the pack. Faro bank, the
capital which the proprietor of a farotable ventures in the game;
also, the place where a game of faro is played. Hoyle.

FAROESE
Fa`ro*ese`, n. sing. & pl.

Defn: An inhabitant, or, collectively, inhabitants, of the Faroe
islands.

FAR-OFF
Far"-*off`, a.

Defn: Remote; as, the far-off distance. Cf. Far-off, under Far, adv.

FARRAGINOUS
Far*rag*i*nous, a. Etym: [See Farrago.]

Defn: Formed of various materials; mixed; as, a farraginous mountain.
[R.] Kirwan.
AA farraginous concurrence of all conditions, tempers, sexes, and
ages. Sir T. Browne.

FARRAGO
Far*ra"go, n. Etym: [L. farrago, -aginis, mi8xed fodder for cattle,
mash, medley, fr. far a sort of grain. See Farina.]

Defn: A mass ccomposed of various materials confusedly mixed; a
medley; a mixture.
A confounded farrago of doubts, fears, hopes, wishes, and all the
flimsy furniture of a country miss's brain. Sheridan.

FARRAND
Far"rand, n. Etym: [OE. farand beautiful; cf. Gael. farranta neat,
stout, stately; or perh. akin to E. fare.]

Defn: Manner; custom; fashion; humor. [Prov. Eng.] [Written also
farand.] Grose.

FARREATION
Far`re*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. farreatio.]

Defn: Same as Confarreation.

FARRIER
Far"ri*er, n. Etym: [OE. farrour, ferrer, OF. ferreor, ferrier, LL.
Ferrator, ferrarius equorum, from ferrare to shoe a horse, ferrum a
horseshoe, fr. L. ferrum iron. Cf. Ferreous.]

Defn:

1. A shoer of horses

Defn: 2. a veterinary surgeon.

FARRIER
Far"ri*er, v. i.

Defn: To practice as a farrier; to carry on the trade of a farrier.
[Obs.] Mortimer.

FARRIERY
Far"ri*er*y, n.

1. The art of shoeing horses.

2. The art of preventing, curing, or mitigating diseases of horses
and cattle; the veterinary art.

3. The place where a smith shoes horses.

FARROW
Far"row, n. Etym: [AS. fearh a little pig; a akin to OHG. farh,
farah, pig, dim. farheli little pig, G. fercel, D. varken pig, Lith.
parszas OIr. orc,L. porcus, Gr. Pork.]

Defn: A little of pigs. Shak.

FARROW
Far"row, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Farrowed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Farrowing.]

Defn: To bring forth (young); -- said only of swine. Tusser.

FARROW
Far"row, a. Etym: [Cf. Scot. ferry cow a cow that is not with calf,
D. vaarkoe, vaars, heifer, G. färse, AS. fearr bull, G. farre. Cf.
Heifer.]

Defn: Not producing young in a given season or year; -- said only of
cows.

Note: If a cow has had a calf, but fails in a subsequent year, she is
said to be farrow, or to go farrow.

FARRY
Far"ry, n.

Defn: A farrow. [Obs.] Perry.

FARSE
Farse, n. Etym: [See Farce, n.] (Eccl.)

Defn: An addition to, or a paraphrase of, some part of the Latin
service in the vernacular; -- common in English before the
Reformation.

FARSEEING
Far"see`ing, a.

1. Able to see to a great distance; farsighted.

2. Having foresight as regards the future.

FARSIGHTED
Far"sight`ed, a.

1. Seeing to great distance; hence, of good judgment regarding the
remote effects of actions; sagacious.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Hypermetropic.

FARSIGHTEDNESS
Far"sight`ed*ness, n.

1. Quality of bbeing farsighted.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Hypermetropia.

FAR-STRETCHED; FARSTRETCHED
Far"-*stretched`, a.

Defn: Stretched beyond ordinary limits.

FAR-STRETCHED
Far"-stretched`, a.

Defn: Stretched beyond ordinary limits.

FARTHER
Far"ther, a., compar. of Far. [superl. Farthest (. See Further.]
Etym: [For farrer, OE. ferrer, compar. of far; confused with further.
Cf. Farthest.]

1. More remote; more distant than something else.

2. Tending to a greater distance; beyond a certain point; additional;
further.
Before our farther way the fates allow. Dryden.
Let me add a farther Truth. Dryden.
Some farther change awaits us. MIlton.

FARTHER
Far"ther, adv.

1. At or to a greater distance; more renotely; beyond; as, let us
rest with what we have, without looking farther.

2. Moreover; by way of progress in treating a subject; as, farther,
let us consider the probable event. No farther, (used elliptically
for) go no farther; say no more, etc.
It will be dangerous to go on. No farther ! Shak.

FARTHER
Far"ther, v. t.

Defn: To help onward. [R.] See Further.

FARTHERANCE
Far"ther*ance, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Furtherence.

FARTHERMORE
Far"ther*more*", adv. [Obs.]

Defn: See Furthermore.

FARTHERMOST
Far"ther*most`, a.

Defn: Most distant or remote; as, the farthest degree. See Furthest.

FARTHEST
Far"thest (fär"thest), a. Superl. of far. [See Farther and cf.
Furthest]

Defn: Most distant or remote; as, the farthest degree.  See Furthest.

FARTHEST
Far"thest adv.

Defn: At or to the greatest distance. See Furthest.

FARTHING
Far"thing, n. Etym: [OE. furthing, AS. feór, fr. feór fourth, feór,
feówer, four. See Four.]

1. The fourth of a penny; a small copper coin of Great Britain, being
a cent in United States currency.

2. A very small quantity or value. [Obs.]
In her cup was no farthing seen of grease. Chaucer.

3. A division of hand. [Obs.]
Thirty acres make a farthing land; nine farthings a Cornish acre; and
four Cornish acres a knight's fee. R. Carew.

FARTHINGALE
Far"thin*gale, n. Etym: [OE. vardingale, fardingale, fr. OF.
vertugale, verdugade, F. vertugade, vertugadin, from Sp. verdugado,
being named from its hoops, fr. verdugo a young shoot of tree, fr.
verde green, fr. L. viridis. See Verdant.]

Defn: A hoop skirt or hoop petticoat, or other light, elastic
material, used to extend the petticoat.
We'll revel it as bravely as the best, . . . With ruffs and cuffs,
and farthingales and things. Shak.

FASCES
Fas"ces, n. pl. Etym: [L., pl. of fascis bundle; cf. fascia a band,
and Gr. , (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A bundle of rods, having among them an ax with the blade
projecting, borne before the Roman magistrates as a badge of their
authority.

FASCET
Fas"cet, n. (Glass Making)

Defn: A wire basket on the end of a rod to carry glass bottles, etc.,
to the annealing furnace; also, an iron rod to be thrust into the
mouths of bottles, and used for the same purpose; -- calles also
pontee and punty.

FASCIA
Fas"ci*a, n.; pl. Fasciæ. Etym: [L., a band: cf. It. fascia. See
Fasces, and cf. Fess.]

1. A band, sash, or fillet; especially, in surgery, a bandage or
roller.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A flat member of an order or building, like a flat band or
broad fillet; especially, one of the three bands which make up the
architrave, in the Ionic order. See Illust. of Column.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The layer of loose tissue, often containing fat, immediately
beneath the skin; the stronger layer of connective tissue covering
and investing all muscles; an aponeurosis.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A broad well-defined band of color.

FASCIAL
Fas"ci*al, a.

1. Pertaining to the fasces.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Relating to a fascia.

FASCIATE; FASCIATED
Fas"ci*ate, Fas"ci*a`ted, a. Etym: [L. fasciatus, p.p. of fasciare to
envelop with bands, fr. fascia band. See Fasces.]

1. Bound with a fillet, sash, or bandage.

2. (Bot.)
(a) Banded or compacted together.
(b) Flattened and laterally widened, as are often the stems of the
garden cockscomb.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Broadly banded with color.

FASCIATION
Fas`ci*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act or manner of binding up; bandage; also, the condition
of being fasciated.

FASCICLE
Fas"ci*cle, n. Etym: [L. fasciculus, dim. of fascis. See Fasces.]

Defn: A small bundle or collection; a compact cluster; as, a fascicle
of fibers; a fascicle of flowers or roots.

FASCICLED
Fas"ci*cled, a.

Defn: Growing in a bundle, tuft, or close cluster; as, the fascicled
leaves of the pine or larch; the fascicled roots of the dahlia;
fascicled muscle fibers; fascicled tufts of hair.

FASCICULAR
Fas*cic"u*lar, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a fascicle; fascicled; as, a fascicular root.

FASCICULARLY
Fas*cic"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a fascicled manner. Kirwan.

FASCICULATE; FASCICULATED
Fas*cic"u*late, Fas*cic"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: Grouped in a fascicle; fascicled.

FASCICULE
Fas"ci*cule, n. [See Fascicle.]

Defn: A small bunch or bundle; a fascicle; as, a fascicule of fibers,
hairs, or spines.

FASCICULUS
Fas*cic"u*lus, n.; pl. Fasciculi. Etym: [L. See Fascicle.]

1. A little bundle; a fascicle.

2. A division of a book.

FASCINATE
Fas"ci*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fascinated, p. pr. & vb. n..
Fascinating (.] Etym: [L. fascinare; cf. Gr.

1. To influence in an uncontrollable manner; to operate on by some
powerful or irresistible charm; to bewitch; to enchant.
It has been almost universally believed that . . . serpents can
stupefy and fascinate the prey which they are desirous to obtain.
Griffith (Cuvier).

2. To excite and allure irresistibly or powerfully; to charm; to
captivate, as by physical or mental charms.
there be none of the passions that have been noted to fascinate or
bewhich but love and envy. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- To charm; enrapture; captivate; enchant; bewitch; attract.

FASCINATION
Fas`ci*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. fascinatio; cf. F. fascination.]

1. The act of fascinating, bewhiching, or enchanting; enchantment;
witchcraft; the exercise of a powerful or irresistible influence on
the affections or passions; unseen, inexplicable influence.
The Turks hang old rags . . . upon their fairest horses, and other
goodly creatures, to secure them against fascination. Waller.

2. The state or condition of being fascinated.

3. That which fascinates; a charm; a spell.
There is a certain bewitchery or fascination in words. South.

FASCINE
Fas*cine", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. fascina a bundle of sticks, fr.
fascis. See Fasces.] (Fort. & Engin.)

Defn: A cylindrical bundle of small sticks of wood, bound together,
used in raising batteries, filling ditches, strengthening ramparts,
and making parapets; also in revetments for river banks, and in mats
for dams, jetties, etc.

FASCINOUS
Fas"ci*nous, a. Etym: [L. fascinum witchcraft, akin to fascinare. See
Fascinate.]

Defn: Caused or acting by witchcraft. [Obs.] "Fascinous diseases."
Harvey.

FASCIOLA
Fas*ci"o*la, n.;pl. Fasciolæ. Etym: [See Fasciole.] (Anat.)

Defn: A band of gray matter bordering the fimbria in the brain; the
dentate convolution. Wilder.

FASCIOLE
Fas"ci*ole, n. Etym: [L. fasciola a little bandage. See Fascia.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A band of minute tubercles, bearing modified spines, on the
shells of spatangoid sea urchins. See Spatangoidea.

FASH
Fash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Fashing.] Etym:
[OF. faschier, F. f, to anger, vex; cf. Pr. fasticar, fastigar, fr.
L. fastidium dilike. See Fastidious.]

Defn: To vex; to tease; to trouble. [Scot.]

FASH
Fash, n.

Defn: Vexation; anxiety; care. [Scot.]
Without further fash on my part. De Quincey.

FASHION
Fash"ion, n. Etym: [OE. fasoun, facioun, shape, manner, F. facon,
orig., a making, fr. L. factio a making, fr. facere to make. See
Fact, Feat, and cf. Faction.]

1. The make or form of anything; the style, shape, appearance, or
mode of structure; pattern, model; as, the fashion of the ark, of a
coat, of a house, of an altar, etc. ; workmanship; execution.
The fashion of his countenance was altered. Luke ix. 29.
I do not like the fashion of your garments. Shak.

2. The prevailing mode or style, especially of dress; custom or
conventional usage in respect of dress, behavior, etiquette, etc.;
particularly, the mode or style usual among persons of good breeding;
as, to dress, dance, sing, ride, etc., in the fashion.
The innocent diversions in fashion. Locke.
As now existing, fashion is a form of social regulation analogous to
constitutional government as a form of political regulation. H.
Spencer.

3. Polite, fashionable, or genteel life; social position; good
breeding; as, men of fashion.

4. Mode of action; method of conduct; manner; custom; sort; way.
"After his sour fashion." Shak. After a fashion, to a certain extent;
in a sort.
 -- Fashion piece (Naut.), one of the timbers which terminate the
transom, and define the shape of the stern.
 -- Fashion plate, a pictorial design showing the prevailing style or
a new style of dress. in a sort s.b. of a sort

FASHION
Fash"ion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fashioned; p. pr. & vb. n. Fashioning.]
Etym: [Cf. F. faconner.]

1. To form; to give shape or figure to; to mold.
Here the loud hammer fashions female toys. Gay.
Ingenious art . . . Steps forth to fashion and refine the age.
Cowper.

2. To fit; to adapt; to accommodate; -- with to.
Laws ought to be fashioned to the manners and conditions of the
people. Spenser.

3. To make according to the rule prescribed by custom.
Fashioned plate sells for more than its weight. Locke.

4. To forge or counterfeit. [Obs.] Shak. Fashioning needle (Knitting
Machine), a needle used for widening or narrowing the work and thus
shaping it.

FASHIONABLE
Fash"ion*a*ble, a.

1. Conforming to the fashion or established mode; according with the
prevailing form or style; as, a fashionable dress.

2. Established or favored by custom or use; current; prevailing at a
particular time; as, the fashionable philosophy; fashionable
opinions.

3. Observant of the fashion or customary mode; dressing or behaving
according to the prevailing fashion; as, a fashionable man.

4. Genteel; well-bred; as, fashionable society.
Time is like a fashionable host That slightly shakes his parting
guest by the hand. Shak.

FASHIONABLE
Fash"ion*a*ble, n.

Defn: A person who conforms to the fashions; -- used chiefly in the
plural.

FASHIONABLENESS
Fash"ion*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: State of being fashionable.

FASHIONABLY
Fash"ion*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a fashionable manner.

FASHIONED
Fash"ioned, a.

Defn: Having a certain style or fashion; as old-fashioned; new-
fashioned.

FASHIONER
Fash"ion*er, n.

Defn: One who fashions, forms, ar gives shape to anything. [R.]
The fashioner had accomplished his task, and the dresses were brought
home. Sir W. Scott.

FASHIONIST
Fash"ion*ist, n.

Defn: An obsequious follower of the modes and fashions. [R.] Fuller.

FASHIONLESS
Fash"ion*less, a.

Defn: Having no fashion.

FASHION-MONGER
Fash"ion-mon`ger, n.

Defn: One who studies the fashions; a fop; a dandy. Marston.

FASHION-MONGERING
Fash"ion-mon`ger*ing, a.

Defn: Behaving like a fashion-monger. [R.] Shak.

FASSAITE
Fas"sa*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of pyroxene, from the valley of Fassa, in the Tyrol.

FAST
Fast, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fasting.] Etym:
[AS. fæstan; akin to D. vasten, OHG. fasten, G. fasten, Icel. & Sw.
fasta, Dan. faste, Goth. fastan to keep, observe, fast, and prob. to
E. fast firm.]

1. To abstain from food; to omit to take nourishment in whole or in
part; to go hungry.
Fasting he went to sleep, and fasting waked. Milton.

2. To practice abstinence as a religious exercise or duty; to abstain
from food voluntarily for a time, for the mortification of the body
or appetites, or as a token of grief, or humiliation and penitence.
Thou didst fast and weep for the child. 2 Sam. xii. 21.
Fasting day, a fast day; a day of fasting.

FAST
Fast, n. Etym: [OE. faste, fast; cf. AS. f, OHG. fasta, G. faste. See
Fast, v. i.]

1. Abstinence from food; omission to take nounrishment.
Surfeit is the father of much fast. Shak.

2. Voluntary abstinence from food, for a space of time, as a
spiritual discipline, or as a token of religious humiliation.

3. A time of fasting, whether a day, week, or longer time; a period
of abstinence from food or certain kinds of food; as, an annual fast.
Fast day, a day appointed for fasting, humiliation, and religious
offices as a means of invoking the favor of God.
 -- To break one's fast, to put an end to a period of abstinence by
taking food; especially, to take one's morning meal; to breakfast.
Shak.

FAST
Fast, a. [Compar. Faster; superl. Fastest.] Etym: [OE., firm, strong,
not loose, AS. f; akin to OS. fast, D. vast, OHG. fasti, festi, G.
fest, Isel. fastr, Sw. & Dan. fast, and perh. to E. fetter. The sense
swift comes from the idea of keeping close to what is pursued; a
Scandinavian use. Cf. Fast, adv., Fast, v., Avast.]

1. Firmly fixed; closely adhering; made firm; not loose, unstable, or
easily moved; immovable; as, to make fast the door.
There is an order that keeps things fast. Burke.

2. Firm against attack; fortified by nature or art; impregnable;
strong.
Outlaws . . . lurking in woods and fast places. Spenser.

3. Firm in adherence; steadfast; not easily separated or alienated;
faithful; as, a fast friend.

4. Permanent; not liable to fade by exposure to air or by washing;
durable; lasting; as, fast colors.

5. Tenacious; retentive. [Obs.]
Roses, damask and red, are fast flowers of their smells. Bacon.

6. Not easily disturbed or broken; deep; sound.
All this while in a most fast sleep. Shak.

7. Moving rapidly; quick in mition; rapid; swift; as, a fast horse.

8. Given to pleasure seeking; disregardful of restraint; reckless;
wild; dissipated; dissolute; as, a fast man; a fast liver. Thackeray.
Fast and loose, now cohering, now disjoined; inconstant, esp. in the
phrases to play at fast and loose, to play fast and loose, to act
with giddy or reckless inconstancy or in a tricky manner; to say one
thing and do another "Play fast and loose with faith." Shak. Fast and
loose pulleys (Mach.), two pulleys placed side by side on a revolving
shaft, which is driven from another shaft by a band, and arranged to
disengage and reëngage the machinery driven thereby. When the
machinery is to be stopped, the band is transferred from the pulley
fixed to the shaft to the pulley which revolves freely upon it, and
vice versa.
 -- Hard and fast (Naut.), so completely aground as to be immovable.
 -- To make fast (Naut.), to make secure; to fasten firmly, as a
vessel, a rope, or a door.

FAST
Fast, adv. Etym: [OE. Faste firmly, strongly, quickly, AS. f. See
Fast, a.]

1. In a fast, fixed, or firmly established manner; fixedly; firmly;
immovably.
We will bind thee fast. Judg. xv. 13.

2. In a fast or rapid manner; quickly; swiftly; extravagantly;
wildly; as, to run fast; to live fast. Fast by, or Fast beside, close
or near to; near at hand.
He, after Eve seduced, unminded slunk Into the wood fast by. Milton.
Fast by the throne obsequious Fame resides. Pope.

FAST
Fast, n.

Defn: That which fastens or holds; especially, (Naut.) a mooring
rope, hawser, or chain; -- called, according to its position, a bow,
head, quarter, breast, or stern fast; also, a post on a pier around
which hawsers are passed in mooring.

FASTEN
Fas"ten, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fastened; p. pr. & vb. n. Fastening.]
Etym: [AS. fæstnian; akin to OHG. festinon. See Fast, a.]

1. To fix firmly; to make fast; to secure, as by a knot, lock, bolt,
etc.; as, to fasten a chain to the feet; to fasten a door or window.

2. To cause to hold together or to something else; to attach or unite
firmly; to cause to cleave to something , or to cleave together, by
any means; as, to fasten boards together with nails or cords; to
fasten anything in our thoughts.
The words Whig and Tory have been pressed to the service of many
successions of parties, with very different ideas fastened to them.
Swift.

3. To cause to take close effect; to make to tell; to lay on; as, to
fasten a blow. [Obs.] Dryden.
If I can fasten but one cup upon him. Shak.
To fasten a charge, or a crime, upon, to make his guilt certain, or
so probable as to be generally believed.
 -- To fasten one's eyes upon, to look upon steadily without
cessation. Acts iii. 4.

Syn.
 -- To fix; cement; stick; link; affix; annex.

FASTEN
Fas"ten, v. i.

Defn: To fix one's self; to take firm hold; to clinch; to cling.
A horse leech will hardly fasten on a fish. Sir T. Browne.

FASTENER
Fas"ten*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, makes fast or firm.

FASTENING
Fas"ten*ing, n.

Defn: Anything that binds and makes fast, as a lock, catch, bolt,
bar, buckle, etc.

FASTER
Fast"er, n.

Defn: One who abstains from food.

FAST-HANDED
Fast"-hand`ed, a.

Defn: Close-handed; close-fisted; covetous; avaricious. [Obs.] Bacon.

FASTI
Fas"ti, n.pl. Etym: [L.]

1. The Roman calendar, which gave the days for festivals, courts,
etc., corresponding to a modern almanac.

2. Records or registers of important events.

FASTIDIOSITY
Fas*tid`i*os"i*ty, n.

Defn: Fastidiousness; squeamishness. [Obs.] Swift.

FASTIDIOUS
Fas*tid"i*ous, a. Etym: [L. fastidiosus disdainful, fr. fastidium
loathing, aversion, perh. fr. fastus arrogance (of uncertain origin)
+ taedium loathing. Cf. Tedious, Fash.]

Defn: Difficult to please; delicate to fault; suited with difficulty;
squeamish; as, a fastidious mind or ear; a fastidious appetite.
Proud youth ! fastidious of the lower world. Young.

Syn.
 -- Squeamish; critical; overnice; difficult; punctilious.
 -- Fastidious, Squeamish. We call a person fastidious when his taste
or feelings are offended by trifling defects or errors; we call him
squeamish when he is excessively nice or critical on minor points,
and also when he is overscrupulous as to questions of duty. "Whoever
examines his own imperfections will cease to be fastidious; whoever
restrains his caprice and scrupulosity will cease to be squeamish."
Crabb.
 -- Fas*tid"i*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Fas*tid"i*ous*ness, n.

FASTIGIATE; FASTIGIATED
Fas*tig"i*ate, Fas*tig"i*a`ted, a. Etym: [L. fastigium gable end,
top, height, summit.]

1. Narrowing towards the top.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Clustered, parallel, and upright, as the branches of the
Lombardy poplar; pointed.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: United into a conical bundle, or into a bundle with an enlarged
head, like a sheaf of wheat.

FASTISH
Fast"ish, a.

Defn: Rather fast; also, somewhat dissipated. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

FASTLY
Fast"ly, adv.

Defn: Firmly; surely.

FASTNESS
Fast"ness, n. Etym: [AS. fæstnes, fr. fæst fast. See Fast, a.]

1. The state of being fast and firm; firmness; fixedness; security;
faithfulness.
All . . . places of fastness [are] laid open. Sir J. Davies.

2. A fast place; a stronghold; a fortress or fort; a secure retreat;
a castle; as, the enemy retired to their fastnesses in the mountains.

3. Conciseness of style. [Obs.] Ascham.

4. The state of being fast or swift.

FASTUOUS
Fas"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. fastuosus, from fastus haughtiness, pride:
cf. F. fastueux.]

Defn: Proud; haughty; disdainful. [Obs.] Barrow. Fas"tu*ous*ness, n.
[Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

FAT
Fat, n. Etym: [See Vat, n.]

1. A large tub, cistern, or vessel; a vat. [Obs.]
The fats shall overflow with wine and oil. Joel ii. 24.

2. A measure of quantity, differing for different commodities. [Obs.]
Hebert.

FAT
Fat, a. [Compar. Fatter; superl. Fattest.] Etym: [AS. fætt; akin to
D. vet, G. fett, feist, Icel. feitr, Sw. fet, Dan. fed, and perh. to
Gr. pi^dax spring, fountain, pidy`ein to gush forth, pi`wn fat, Skr.
pi to swell.]

1. Abounding with fat; as:
(a) Fleshy; characterized by fatness; plump; corpulent; not lean; as,
a fat man; a fat ox.
(b) Oily; greasy; unctuous; rich; -- said of food.

2. Exhibiting the qualities of a fat animal; coarse; heavy; gross;
dull; stupid.
Making our western wits fat and mean. Emerson.
Make the heart of this people fat. Is. vi. 10.

3. Fertile; productive; as, a fat soil; a fat pasture.

4. Rich; producing a large income; desirable; as, a fat benefice; a
fat office; a fat job.
Now parson of Troston, a fat living in Suffolk. Carlyle.

5. Abounding in riches; affluent; fortunate. [Obs.]
Persons grown fat and wealthy by long impostures. Swift.

6. (Typog.)

Defn: Of a character which enables the compositor to make large
wages; -- said of matter containing blank, cuts, or many leads, etc.;
as, a fat take; a fat page. Fat lute, a mixture of pipe clay and oil
for filling joints.

FAT
Fat, n.

1. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An oily liquid or greasy substance making up the main bulk of
the adipose tissue of animals, and widely distributed in the seeds of
plants. See Adipose tissue, under Adipose.

Note: Animal fats are composed mainly of three distinct fats,
tristearin, tripalmitin, and triolein, mixed in varying proportions.
As olein is liquid at ordinary temperatures, while the other two fats
are solid, it follows that the consistency or hardness of fats
depends upon the relative proportion of the three individual fats.
During the life of an animal, the fat is mainly in a liquid state in
the fat cells, owing to the solubility of the two solid fats in the
more liquid olein at the body temperature. Chemically, fats are
composed of fatty acid, as stearic, palmitic, oleic, etc., united
with glyceryl. In butter fat, olein and palmitin predominate, mixed
with another fat characteristic of butter, butyrin. In the vegetable
kingdom many other fats or glycerides are to be found, as myristin
from nutmegs, a glyceride of lauric acid in the fat of the bay tree,
etc.

2. The best or richest productions; the best part; as, to live on the
fat of the land.

3. (Typog.)

Defn: Work. containing much blank, or its equivalent, and, therefore,
profitable to the compositor. Fat acid. (Chem.) See Sebacic acid,
under Sebacic.
 -- Fat series, Fatty series (Chem.), the series of the paraffine
hydrocarbons and their derivatives; the marsh gas or methane series.
 -- Natural fats (Chem.), the group of oily substances of natural
occurrence, as butter, lard, tallow, etc., as distinguished from
certain fatlike substance of artificial production, as paraffin. Most
natural fats are essentially mixtures of triglycerides of fatty
acids.

FAT
Fat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fatted; p. pr. & vb. n. atting.] Etym: [OE.
fatten, AS. f. See Fat, a., and cf. Fatten.]

Defn: To make fat; to fatten; to make plump and fleshy with abundant
food; as, to fat fowls or sheep.
We fat all creatures else to fat us. Shak.

FAT
Fat, v. i.

Defn: To grow fat, plump, and fleshy.
An old ox fats as well, and is as good, as a young one. Mortimer.

FATAL
Fa"tal, a. Etym: [L. fatalis, fr. fatum: cf. F. fatal. See Fate.]

1. Proceeding from, or appointed by, fate or destiny; necessary;
inevitable. [R.]
These thing are fatal and necessary. Tillotson.
It was fatal to the king to fight for his money. Bacon.

2. Foreboding death or great disaster. [R.]
That fatal screech owl to our house That nothing sung but death to us
and ours. Shak.

3. Causing death or destruction; deadly; mortal; destructive;
calamitous; as, a fatal wound; a fatal disease; a fatal day; a fatal
error.

FATALISM
Fa"tal*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fatalisme.]

Defn: The doctrine that all things are subject to fate, or that they
take place by inevitable necessity.

FATALIST
Fa"tal*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fataliste.]

Defn: One who maintains that all things happen by inevitable
necessity.

FATALISTIC
Fa`tal*is"tic, a.

Defn: Implying, or partaking of the nature of, fatalism.

FATALITY
Fa*tal"i*ty, n.;pl. Fatalities. Etym: [L. fatalitas: cf. F. fatalité]

1. The state of being fatal, or proceeding from destiny; invincible
necessity, superior to, and independent of, free and rational
control.
The Stoics held a fatality, and a fixed, unalterable course of
events. South.

2. The state of being fatal; tendency to destruction or danger, as if
by decree of fate; mortaility.
The year sixty-three is conceived to carry with it the most
considerable fatality. Ser T. Browne.
By a strange fatality men suffer their dissenting. Eikon Basilike.

3. That which is decreed by fate or which is fatal; a fatal event.
Dryden.

FATALLY
Fa"tal*ly, adv.

1. In a manner proceeding from, or determined by, fate. Bentley.

2. In a manner issuing in death or ruin; mortally; destructively; as,
fatally deceived or wounded.

FATALNESS
Fa"tal*ness

Defn: , . Quality of being fatal. Johnson.

FATA MORGANA
Fa"ta Mor*ga"na. Etym: [It.; -- so called because this phenomenon was
looked upon as the work of a fairy (It. fata) of the name of Morgána.
See Fairy.]

Defn: A kind of mirage by which distant objects appear inverted,
distorted, displaced, or multiplied. It is noticed particularly at
the Straits of Messina, between Calabria and Sicily.

FATBACK
Fat"back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The menhaden.

FAT-BRAINED
Fat"-brained`, a.

Defn: Dull of apprehension.

FATE
Fate, n. Etym: [L. fatum a prophetic declaration, oracle, what is
ordained by the gods, destiny, fate, fr. fari to speak: cf. OF. fat.
See Fame, Fable, Ban, and cf. 1st Fay, Fairy.]

1. A fixed decree by which the order of things is prescribed; the
immutable law of the universe; inevitable necessity; the force by
which all existence is determined and conditioned.
Necessity and chance Approach not me; and what I will is fate.
Milton.
Beyond and above the Olympian gods lay the silent, brooding,
everlasting fate of which victim and tyrant were alike the
instruments. Froude.

2. Appointed lot; allotted life; arranged or predetermined event;
destiny; especially, the final lot; doom; ruin; death.
The great, th'important day, big with the fate Of Cato and of Rome.
Addison.
Our wills and fates do so contrary run That our devices still are
overthrown. Shak.
The whizzing arrow sings, And bears thy fate, Antinous, on its wings.
Pope.

3. The element of chance in the affairs of life; the unforeseen and
unestimated conitions considered as a force shaping events; fortune;
esp., opposing circumstances against which it is useless to struggle;
as, fate was, or the fates were, against him.
A brave man struggling in the storms of fate. Pope.
Sometimes an hour of Fate's serenest weather strikes through our
changeful sky its coming beams. B. Taylor.

4. pl. Etym: [L. Fata, pl. of fatum.] (Myth.)

Defn: The three goddesses, Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos, sometimes
called the Destinies, or Parcæwho were supposed to determine the
course of human life. They are represented, one as holding the
distaff, a second as spinning, and the third as cutting off the
thread.

Note: Among all nations it has been common to speak of fate or
destiny as a power superior to gods and men -- swaying all things
irresistibly. This may be called the fate of poets and mythologists.
Philosophical fate is the sum of the laws of the universe, the
product of eternal intelligence and the blind properties of matter.
Theological fate represents Deity as above the laws of nature, and
ordaining all things according to his will -- the expression of that
will being the law. Krauth-Fleming.

Syn.
 -- Destiny; lot; doom; fortune; chance.

FATED
Fat"ed, p. p. & a.

1. Decreed by fate; destined; doomed; as, he was fated to rule a
factious people.
One midnight Fated to the purpose. Shak.

2. Invested with the power of determining destiny. [Obs.] "The fated
sky." Shak.

3. Exempted by fate. [Obs. or R.] Dryden.

FATEFUL
Fate"ful, a. .

Defn: Having the power of serving or accomplishing fate. "The fateful
steel." J. Barlow.

2. Significant of fate; ominous.
The fateful cawings of the crow. Longfellow.
-- Fate"ful*ly, adv.- Fate"ful*ness, n.

FATHEAD
Fat"head`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A cyprinoid fish of the Mississippi valley (Pimephales promelas);
-- called also black-headed minnow.
(b) A labroid food fish of California; the redfish.

FATHER
Fa"ther, n. Etym: [OE. fader, AS. fæder; akin to OS. fadar, D. vader,
OHG. fatar, G. vater, Icel. Fa Sw. & Dan. fader, OIr. athir, L.
pater, Gr. pitr, perh. fr. Skr. pa protect. Papa, Paternal, Patriot,
Potential, Pablum.]

1. One who has begotten a child, whether son or daughter; a
generator; a male parent.
A wise son maketh a glad father. Prov. x. 1.

2. A male ancestor more remote than a parent; a progenitor;
especially, a first ancestor; a founder of a race or family; -- in
the plural, fathers, ancestors.
David slept with his fathers. 1 Kings ii. 10.
Abraham, who is the father of us all. Rom. iv. 16.

3. One who performs the offices of a parent by maintenance,
affetionate care, counsel, or protection.
I was a father to the poor. Job xxix. 16.
He hath made me a father to Pharaoh, and lord of all his house. Gen.
xiv. 8.

4. A respectful mode of address to an old man.
And Joash the king og Israel came down unto him [Elisha], . . . and
said, O my father, my father! 2 Kings xiii. 14.

5. A senator of ancient Rome.

6. A dignitary of the church, a superior of a convent, a confessor
(called also father confessor), or a priest; also, the eldest member
of a profession, or of a legislative assembly, etc.
Bless you, good father friar ! Shak.

7. One of the chief esslesiastical authorities of the first centuries
after Christ; -- often spoken of collectively as the Fathers; as, the
Latin, Greek, or apostolic Fathers.

8. One who, or that which, gives origin; an originator; a producer,
author, or contriver; the first to practice any art, profession, or
occupation; a distinguished example or teacher.
The father of all such as handle the harp and organ. Gen. iv. 21.
Might be the father, Harry, to that thought. Shak.
The father of good news. Shak.

9. The Supreme Being and Creator; God; in theology, the first person
in the Trinity.
Our Father, which art in heaven. Matt. vi. 9.
Now had the almighty Father from above . . . Bent down his eye.
Milton.
Adoptive father, one who adopts the child of another, treating it as
his own.
 -- Apostolic father, Conscript fathers, etc. See under Apostolic,
Conscript, etc.
 -- Father in God, a title given to bishops.
 -- Father of lies, the Devil.
 -- Father of the bar, the oldest practitioner at the bar.
 -- Fathers of the city, the aldermen.
 -- Father of the Faithful. (a) Abraham. Rom. iv. Gal. iii. 6-9. (b)
Mohammed, or one of the sultans, his successors.
 -- Father of the house, the member of a legislative body who has had
the longest continuous service.
 -- Most Reverend Father in God, a title given to archbishops and
metropolitans, as to the archbishops of Canterbury and York.
 -- Natural father, the father of an illegitimate child.
 -- Putative father, one who is presumed to be the father of an
illegitimate child; the supposed father.
 -- Spiritual father. (a) A religious teacher or guide, esp. one
instrumental in leading a soul to God. (b) (R. C. Ch.) A priest who
hears confession in the sacrament of penance.
 -- The Holy Father (R. C. Ch.), the pope.

FATHER
Fa"ther, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fathered; p. pr. & vb. n. Fathering.]

1. To make one's self the father of; to beget.
Cowards father cowards, and base things sire base. Shak.

2. To take as one's own child; to adopt; hence, to assume as one's
own work; to acknowledge one's self author of or responsible for (a
statement, policy, etc.).
Men of wit Often fathered what he writ. Swift.

3. To provide with a father. [R.]
Think you I am no stronger than my sex, Being so fathered and so
husbanded Shak.
To father on or upon, to ascribe to, or charge upon, as one's
offspring or work; to put or lay upon as being responsible. "Nothing
can be so uncouth or extravagant, which may not be fathered on some
fetch of wit, or some caprice of humor." Barrow.

FATHERHOOD
Fa"ther*hood, n.

Defn: The state of being a father; the character or authority of a
father; paternity.

FATHER-IN-LAW
Fa"ther-in-law`, n.; pl. Fathers-in-law (.

Defn: The father of one's husband or wife; -- correlative to son-in-
law and daughter-in-law.

Note: A man who marries a woman having children already, is
sometimes, though erroneously, called their father-in-law.

FATHERLAND
Fa"ther*land", n. Etym: [Imitated fr. D. vaderland. See Father, and
Land.]

Defn: One's native land; the native land of one's fathers or
ancestors.

FATHER-LASHER
Fa"ther-lash`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European marine fish (Cottus bubalis), allied to the sculpin;
-- called also lucky proach.

FATHERLESS
Fa"ther*less, a.

1. Destitute of a living father; as, a fatherless child.

2. Without a known author. Beau. & Fl.

FATHERLESSNESS
Fa"ther*less*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being without a father.

FATHERLINESS
Fa"ther*li*ness, n. Etym: [From Fatherly.]

Defn: The qualities of a father; parantal kindness, care, etc.

FATHER LONGLEGS
Fa"ther long"legs`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Daddy longlegs, 2.

FATHERLY
Fa"ther*ly, a.

1. Like a father in affection and care; paternal; tender; protecting;
careful.
You have showed a tender, fatherly regard. Shak.

2. Of or pertaining to a father.

FATHERSHIP
Fa"ther*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a father; fatherhood; paternity.

FATHOM
Fath"om, n. [fadme, faedhme, AS. fæedhm fathom, the embracing arms;
akin to OS. faedhmos the outstretched arms, D. vadem, vaam, fathom,
OHG. fadom, fadum, G. faden fathom, thread, Icel. faedhmr fathom, Sw.
famn, Dan. favn; cf. Gr. patere to lie open, extend. Cf. Patent,
Petal.]

1. A measure of length, containing six feet; the space to which a man
can extend his arms; -- used chiefly in measuring cables, cordage,
and the depth of navigable water by soundings.

2. The measure or extant of one's capacity; depth, as of intellect;
profundity; reach; penetration. [R.]
Another of his fathom they have none To lead their business. Shak.

FATHOM
Fath"om, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fathomed; p. pr. & vb. n. Fathoming.]

1. To encompass with the arms extended or encircling; to measure by
throwing the arms about; to span. [Obs.] Purchas.

2. The measure by a sounding line; especially, to sound the depth of;
to penetrate, measure, and comprehend; to get to the bottom of.
Dryden.
The page of life that was spread out before me seemed dull and
commonplace, only because I had not fathomed its deeper import.
Hawthotne.

FATHOMABLE
Fath"om*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being fathomed.

FATHOMER
Fath"om*er, n.

Defn: One who fathoms.

FATHOMLESS
Fath"om*less, a.

1. Incapable of being fathomed; immeasurable; that can not be
sounded.
And buckle in a waist most fathomless. Shak.

2. Incomprehensible.
The fathomless absurdity. Milton.

FATIDICAL
Fa*tid"i*cal, a. Etym: [L. fatidicus; fatum fate + dicere to say,
tell.]

Defn: Having power to foretell future events; prophetic; fatiloquent;
as, the fatidical oak. [R.] Howell.
 -- Fa*tid"i*cal*ly, adv.

FATIFEROUS
Fa*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. fatifer; fatum fate + ferre to bear,
bring.]

Defn: Fate-bringing; deadly; mortal; destructive. [R.] Johnson.

FATIGABLE
Fat"i*ga*ble, a. Etym: [L. fatigabilis: cf. F. fatigable. See
Fatigue.]

Defn: Easily tired. [Obs.] Bailey.

FATIGATE
Fat"i*gate, a. Etym: [L. fatigatus, p.p. of fatigare. See Fatigue.]

Defn: Wearied; tired; fatigued. [Obs.]
Requickened what in flesh was fatigate. Shak.

FATIGATE
Fat"i*gate, v. t.

Defn: To weary; to tire; to fatigue. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

FATIGATION
Fat`i*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. fatigatio: cf. OF. fatigation.]

Defn: Weariness. [Obs.] W. Montaqu.

FATIGUE
Fa*tigue", n. Etym: [F., fr. fatiguer to fatigue, L. fatigare; cf. L.
affatim sufficiently.]

1. Weariness from bodily labor or mental exertion; lassitude or
exhaustion of strength.

2. The cause of weariness; labor; toil; as, the fatigues of war.
Dryden.

3. The weakening of a metal when subjected to repeated vibrations or
strains. Fatigue call (Mil.), a summons, by bugle or drum, to perform
fatigue duties.
 -- Fatigue dress, the working dress of soldiers.
 -- Fatigue duty (Mil.), labor exacted from soldiers aside from the
use of arms. Farrow.
 -- Fatigue party, a party of soldiers on fatigue duty.

FATIGUE
Fa*tigue", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fatigued; p. pr. & vb. n. Fatiguing,
n.] Etym: [Cf. F. fatiguer. See Fatigue, n.]

Defn: To weary with labor or any bodily or mental exertion; to harass
with toil; to exhaust the strength or endurance of; to tire.

Syn.
 -- To jade; tire; weary; bore. See Jade.

FATILOQUENT
Fa*til"o*quent, a. Etym: [See Fatiloquist.]

Defn: Prophetic; fatidical. [Obs.] Blount.

FATILOQUIST
Fa*til"o*quist, n. Etym: [L. fatiloquus declaring fate; fatum fate+
Loqui to speak.]

Defn: A fortune teller.

FATIMITE; FATIMIDE
Fat"i*mite, Fat"i*mide, a. (Hist.)

Defn: Descended from Fatima, the daughter and only child of Mohammed.
 -- n.

Defn: A descendant of Fatima.

FATISCENCE
Fa*tis"cence, n. Etym: [L. fatiscense, p.pr. of fatiscere to gape or
crack open.]

Defn: A gaping or opening; state of being chinky, or having
apertures. Kirwan.

FAT-KIDNEYED
Fat"-kid`neyed, a.

Defn: Gross; lubberly.
Peace, ye fat-kidneyed rascal ! Shak.

FATLING
Fat"ling, n. Etym: [Fat + -ling.]

Defn: A calf, lamb, kid, or other young animal fattened for
slaughter; a fat animal; -- said of such animals as are used for
food.
He sacrificed oxen and fatlings. 2 Sam. vi. 13.

FATLY
Fat"ly, adv.

Defn: Grossly; greasily.

FATNER
Fat"ner, n.

Defn: One who fattens. [R.] See Fattener. Arbuthnit.

FATNESS
Fat"ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being fat, plump, or full-fed; corpulency;
fullness of flesh.
Their eyes stand out with fatness. Ps. lxxiii. 7.

2. Hence; Richness; fertility; fruitfulness.
Rich in the fatness of her plenteous soil. Rowe.

3. That which makes fat or fertile.
The clouds drop fatness. Philips.

FATTEN
Fat"ten, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fattened; p. pr. & vb. n. Fattining.]
Etym: [See Fat, v. t.]

1. To make fat; to feed for slaughter; to make fleshy or plump with
fat; to fill full; to fat.

2. To make fertile and fruitful; to enrich; as, to fatten land; to
fatten fields with blood. Dryden.

FATTEN
Fat"ten, v. i.

Defn: To grow fat or corpulent; to grow plump, thick, or fleshy; to
be pampered.
And villains fatten with the brave man's labor. Otway.

FATTENER
Fat"ten*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, fattens; that which gives fatness or
fertility.

FATTINESS
Fat"ti*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being fatty.

FATTISH
Fat"tish, a.

Defn: Somewhat fat; inclined to fatness.
Coleridge, a puffy, anxious, obstructed-looking, fattish old man.
Carlyle.

FATTY
Fat"ty, a.

Defn: Containing fat, or having the qualities of fat; greasy; gross;
as, a fatty substance. Fatty acid (Chem.), any one of the paraffin
series of monocarbonic acids, as formic acid, acetic, etc.; -- so
called because the higher members, as stearic and palmitic acids,
occur in the natural fats, and are themselves fatlike substances.
 -- Fatty clays. See under Clay.
 -- Fatty degeneration (Med.), a diseased condition, in which the oil
globules, naturally present in certain organs, are so multiplied as
gradually to destroy and replace the efficient parts of these organs.
 -- Fatty heart, Fatty liver, etc. (Med.), a heart, liver, etc.,
which have been the subjects of fatty degeneration or infiltration.
 -- Fatty infiltration (Med.), a condition in which there is an
excessive accumulation of fat in an organ, without destruction of any
essential parts of the latter.
 -- Fatty tumor (Med.), a tumor consisting of fatty or adipose
tissue; lipoma.

FATUITOUS
Fa*tu"i*tous, a.

Defn: Stupid; fatuous.

FATUITY
Fa*tu"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. fatuitas, fr. fatuus foolish: cf. F. fatuité
Cf. Fatuous.]

Defn: Weakness or imbecility of mind; stupidity.
Those many forms of popular fatuity. I Taylor.

FATUOUS
Fat"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. fatuus.]

1. Feeble in mind; weak; silly; stupid; foolish; fatuitous. Glanvill.

2. Without reality; illusory, like the ignis fatuus.
Thence fatuous fires and meteors take their birth. Danham.

FAT-WITTED
Fat"-wit`ted, a.

Defn: Dull; stupid. Shak.

FAUBOURG
Fau`bourg", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A suburb of French city; also, a district now within a city,
but formerly without its walls.

FAUCAL
Fau"cal, a. Etym: [L. fauces throat.]

Defn: Pertaining to the fauces, or opening of the throat; faucial;
esp., (Phon.) produced in the fauces, as certain deep guttural sounds
found in the Semitic and some other languages.
Ayin is the most difficult of the faucals. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

FAUCES
Fau"ces, n.pl. Etym: [L.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The narrow passage from the mouth to the pharynx, situated
between the soft palate and the base of the tongue; -- called also
the isthmus of the fauces. On either side of the passage two
membranous folds, called the pillars of the fauces, inclose the
tonsils.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The throat of a calyx, corolla, etc.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: That portion of the interior of a spiral shell which can be
seen by looking into the aperture.

FAUCET
Fau"cet, n. Etym: [F. fausset, perh. fr. L. fauces throat.]

1. A fixture for drawing a liquid, as water, molasses, oil, etc.,
from a pipe, cask, or other vessel, in such quantities as may be
desired; -- called also tap, and cock. It consists of a tubular
spout, stopped with a movable plug, spigot, valve, or slide.

2. The enlarged end of a section of pipe which receives the spigot
end of the next section.

FAUCHION
Fau"chion, n.

Defn: See Falchion. [Obs.]

FAUCIAL
Fau"cial, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the fauces; pharyngeal.

FAUGH
Faugh, interj. Etym: [Cf. Foh.]

Defn: An exclamation of contempt, disgust, or abhorrence.

FAULCHION
Faul"chion, n.

Defn: See Falchion.

FAULCON
Faul"con, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Falcon.

FAULD
Fauld, n.

Defn: The arch over the dam of a blast furnace; the tymp arch.

FAULE
Faule, n.

Defn: A fall or falling band. [Obs.]
These laces, ribbons, and these faules. Herrick.

FAULT
Fault, n. Etym: [OE. faut, faute, F. faute (cf. It., Sp., & Pg.
falta), fr. a verb meaning to want, fail, freq., fr. L. fallere to
deceive. See Fail, and cf. Default.]

1. Defect; want; lack; default.
One, it pleases me, for fault of a better, to call my friend. Shak.

2. Anything that fails, that is wanting, or that impairs excellence;
a failing; a defect; a blemish.
As patches set upon a little breach Discredit more in hiding of the
fault. Shak.

3. A moral failing; a defect or dereliction from duty; a deviation
from propriety; an offense less serious than a crime.

4. (Geol. & Mining)
(a) A dislocation of the strata of the vein.
(b) In coal seams, coal rendered worthless by impurities in the seam;
as, slate fault, dirt fault, etc. Raymond.

5. (Hunting)

Defn: A lost scent; act of losing the scent.
Ceasing their clamorous cry till they have singled, With much ado,
the cold fault cleary out. Shak.

6. (Tennis)

Defn: Failure to serve the ball into the proper court. At fault,
unable to find the scent and continue chase; hance, in trouble ot
embarrassment, and unable to proceed; puzzled; thhrown off the track.
 -- To find fault, to find reason for blaming or complaining; to
express dissatisfaction; to complain; -- followed by with before the
thing complained of; but formerly by at. "Matter to find fault at."
Robynson (More's Utopia).

Syn.
 -- -- Error; blemish; defect; imperfection; weakness; blunder;
failing; vice.
 -- Fault, Failing, Defect, Foible. A fault is positive, something
morally wrong; a failing is negative, some weakness or failling short
in a man's character, disposition, or habits; a defect is also
negative, and as applied to character is the absence of anyything
which is necessary to its completeness or perfection; a foible is a
less important weakness, which we overlook or smile at. A man may
have many failings, and yet commit but few faults; or his faults and
failings may be few, while his foibles are obvious to all. The faults
of a friend are often palliated or explained away into mere defects,
and the defects or foibles of an enemy exaggerated into faults. "I
have failings in common with every human being, besides my own
peculiar faults; but of avarice I have generally held myself
guiltless." Fox. "Presumption and self-applause are the foibles of
mankind." Waterland.

FAULT
Fault, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Faulted; p. pr. & vb. n. Faulting.]

1. To charge with a fault; to accuse; to find fault with; to blame.
[Obs.]
For that I will not fault thee. Old Song.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: To interrupt the continuity of (rock strata) by displacement
along a plane of fracture; -- chiefly used in the p.p.; as, the coal
beds are badly faulted.

FAULT
Fault, v. i.

Defn: To err; to blunder, to commit a fault; to do wrong. [Obs.]
If after Samuel's death the people had asked of God a king, they had
not faulted. Latimer.

FAULTER
Fault"er, n.

Defn: One who commits a fault. [Obs.]
Behold the faulter here in sight. Fairfax.

FAULT-FINDER
Fault"-find`er, n.

Defn: One who makes a practice off discovering others' faults and
censuring them; a scold.

FAULT-FINDING
Fault"-find`ing, n.

Defn: The act of finding fault or blaming; -- used derogatively. Also
Adj.

FAULTFUL
Fault"ful, a.

Defn: Full of faults or sins. Shak.

FAULTILY
Fault"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a faulty manner.

FAULTINESS
Fault"i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being faulty.
Round, even to faultiness. Shak.

FAULTING
Fault"ing, n. (Geol.)

Defn: The state or condition of being faulted; the process by which a
fault is produced.

FAULTLESS
Fault"less, a.

Defn: Without fault; not defective or imperfect; free from blemish;
free from incorrectness, vice, or offense; perfect; as, a faultless
poem.
Whoever thinks a faultless piece to see, Thinks what ne'er was, nor
is, nor e'er shall be. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Blameless; spotless; perfect. See Blameless.
 -- Fault"less*ly, adv.-Fault"less*ness, n.

FAULTY
Fault"y, a.

1. Containing faults, blemishes, or defects; imperfect; not fit for
the use intended.
Created once So goodly and erect, though faulty since. Milton.

2. Guilty of a fault, or of faults; hence, blamable; worthy of
censure. Shak.
The king doth speak . . . as one which is faulty. 2 Sam. xiv. 13.

FAUN
Faun, n. Etym: [L. Faunus, fr. favere to be favorable. See Favor.]
(Rom. Myth.)

Defn: A god of fields and shipherds, diddering little from the satyr.
The fauns are usually represented as half goat and half man.
Satyr or Faun, or Sylvan. Milton.

FAUNA
Fau"na, n. Etym: [NL.: cf. F. faune. See Faun.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The animals of any given area or epoch; as, the fauna of
America; fossil fauna; recent fauna.

FAUNAL
Fau"nal, a.

Defn: Relating to fauna.

FAUNIST
Fau"nist, n.

Defn: One who describes the fauna of country; a naturalist. Gilbert
White.

FAUNUS
Fau"nus, n.;pl. Fauni. Etym: [L.] (Myth.)

Defn: See Faun.

FAUSEN
Fau"sen, n. Etym: [Cf. W. llysowen eel, ll sounding in Welsh almost
like fl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young eel. [Prov. Eng.]

FAUSSE-BRAYE
Fausse`-braye", n. Etym: [F. fausse-braie.] (Mil.)

Defn: A second raampart, exterior to, and parallel to, the main
rampart, and considerably below its level.

FAUTEUIL
Fau`teuil", n. Etym: [F. See Faldistory.]

1. An armchair; hence (because the members sit in fauteuils or
armchairs), membership in the French Academy.

2. Chair of a presiding officer.

FAUTOR
Fau"tor, n. Etym: [L., contr. fr. favitor, fr. favere to be
favorable: cf. F. fauteur. See Favor.]

Defn: A favorer; a patron; one who gives countenance or support; an
abettor. [Obs.]
The king and the fautors of his proceedings. Latimer.

FAUTRESS
Fau"tress, n. Etym: [L. fauutrix: cf. F. fautrice.]

Defn: A patroness. [Obs.] Chapman.

FAUVETTE
Fau`vette", n. Etym: [F., dim. fr. fauve fawn-colored.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small singing bird, as the nightingale and warblers.

FAUX
Faux, n.; pl. Fauces. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Fauces.

FAUX PAS
faux` pas". Etym: [F. See False, and Pas.]

Defn: A false step; a mistake or wrong measure.

FAVAGINOUS
Fa*vag"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. favus a honeycomb.]

Defn: Formed like, or resembling, a honeycomb.

FAVAS
Fa"vas, n.

Defn: See Favus, n., 2. Fairholt.

FAVEL
Fa"vel, a. Etym: [OF. fauvel, favel, dim. of F. fauve; of German
oigin. See Fallow, a.]

Defn: Yellow; fal [Obs.] Wright.

FAVEL
Fa"vel, n.

Defn: A horse of a favel or dun color. To curry favel. See To curry
favor, under Favor, n.

FAVEL
Fa"vel, n. Etym: [OF. favele, fr. L. fabella short fable, dim. of
fabula. See Fable.]

Defn: Flattery; cajolery; deceit. [Obs.] Skeat.

FAVELLA
Fa*vel"la, n. Etym: [NL., prob. from L. favus a honeycomb.] (Bot.)

Defn: A group of spores arranged without order and covered with a
thin gelatinous envelope, as in certain delicate red algæ.

FAVEOLATE
Fa*ve"o*late, a. Etym: [L. favus honeycomb.]

Defn: Honeycomb; having cavities or cells, somewhat resembling those
of a honeycomb; alveolate; favose.

FAVIER EXPLOSIVE
Fa`vier" ex*plo"sive. [After the inventor, P. A. Favier, a
Frenchman.]

Defn: Any of several explosive mixtures, chiefly of ammonium nitrate
and a nitrate derivative of naphthalene. They are stable, but require
protection from moisture. As prepared it is a compressed cylinder of
the explosive, filled with loose powder of the same composition, all
inclosed in waterproof wrappers. It is used for mining.

FAVILLOUS
Fa*vil"lous, a. Etym: [L. favilla sparkling or glowing asges.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to ashes. [Obs.]
Light and favollous particles. Sir T. Browne.

FAVONIAN
Fa*vo"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Favonius the west wind.]

Defn: Pertaining to the west wind; soft; mild; gentle.

FAVOR
Fa"vor, n. Etym: [Written also favour.] Etym: [OF. favor, F. faveur,
L. favor, fr. favere to be favorable, cf. Skr. bhavaya to further,
foster, causative of bhBe. In the phrase to curry favor, favor is
prob. for favel a horse. See 2d Favel.]

1. Kind regard; propitious aspect; countenance; friendly disposition;
kindness; good will.
Hath crawled into the favor of the king. Shak.

2. The act of countenancing, or the condition of being countenanced,
or regarded propitiously; support; promotion; befriending.
But found no favor in his lady's eyes. Dryden.
And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and
man. Luke ii. 52.

3. A kind act or office; kindness done or granted; benevolence shown
by word or deed; an act of grace or good will, as distinct from
justice or remuneration.
Beg one favor at thy gracious hand. Shak.

4. Mildness or mitigation of punishment; lenity.
I could not discover the lenity and fabor of this sentence. Swift.

5. The object of regard; person or thing favored.
All these his wondrous works, but chiefly man, His chief delight and
favor. Milton.

6. A gift or represent; something bestowed as an evidence of good
will; a token of love; a knot of ribbons; something worn as a token
of affection; as, a marriage favor is a bunch or knot of white
ribbons or white flowers worn at a wedding.
Wear thou this favor for me, and stick it in thy cap. Shak.

7. Appearance; look; countenance; face. [Obs.]
This boy is fair, of female favor. Shak.

8. (Law)

Defn: Partiality; bias. Bouvier.

9. A letter or epistle; -- so called in civility or compliment; as,
your favor of yesterday is received.

10. pl.

Defn: Love locks. [Obs.] Wright. Challenge to the favor or for favor
(Law), the challenge of a juror on grounds not sufficient to
constitute a principal challenge, but sufficient to give rise to a
probable suspicion of favor or bias, such as acquaintance, business
relation, etc. See Principal challenge, under Challenge.
 -- In favor of, upon the side of; favorable to; for the advantage
of.
 -- In favor with, favored, countenanced, or encouraged by.
 -- To curry favor Etym: [see the etymology of Favor, above], to seek
to gain favor by flattery, caresses, kindness, or officious
civilities.
 -- With one's favor, or By one's favor, with leave; by kind
permission.
But, with your favor, I will treat it here. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Kindness; countenance; patronage; support; lenity; grace; gift;
present; benefit.

FAVOR
Fa"vor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Favored; p. pr. & vb. n. Favoring.] Etym:
[Written also favour.] Etym: [Cf. OF. favorer, favorir. See Favor,
n.]

1. To regard with kindness; to support; to aid, or to have the
disposition to aid, or to wish success to; to be propitious to; to
countenance; to treat with consideration or tenderness; to show
partiality or unfair bias towards.
O happy youth! and favored of the skies. Pope.
He that favoreth Joab, . . . let him go after Joab. 2 Sam. xx. 11.
[The painter] has favored her squint admirably. Swift.

2. To afford advantages for success to; to facilitate; as, a weak
place favored the entrance of the enemy.

3. To resemble in features; to have the aspect or looks of; as, the
child favors his father.
The porter owned that the gentleman favored his master. Spectator.

FAVORABLE
Fa"vor*a*ble, a. [Written also favourable.] Etym: [F. favorable, L.
favorabilis favored, popular, pleasing, fr. favor. See Favor, n.]

1. Full of favor; favoring; manifesting partiality; kind; propitious;
friendly.
Lend favorable ears to our request. Shak.
Lord, thou hast been favorable unto thy land. Ps. lxxxv. 1.

2. Conducive; contributing; tending to promote or facilitate;
advantageous; convenient.
A place very favorable for the making levies of men. Clarendon.
The temper of the climate, favorable to generation, health, and long
life. Sir W. Temple.

3. Beautiful; well-favored. [Obs.] Spenser.
 -- Fa"vora*ble*ness, n.
 -- Fa"vor*a*bly, sdv.
The faborableness of the present times to all extertions in the cause
of liberty. Burke.

FAVORED
Fa"vored, a.

1. Countenanced; aided; regarded with kidness; as, a favored friend.

2. Having a certain favor or appearance; featured; as, well-favored;
hard-favored, etc.

FAVOREDLY
Fa"vored*ly, adv.

Defn: In a favored or a favorable manner; favorably. [Obs.] Deut.
xvii. 1. Arscham.

FAVOREDNESS
Fa"vored*ness, n.

Defn: Appearance. [Obs.]

FAVORER
Fa"vor*er, n.

Defn: One who favors; one who regards with kindness or friendship; a
well-wisher; one who assists or promotes success or prosperity.
[Written also favourer.]
And come to us as favorers, not as foes. Shak.

FAVORESS
Fa"vor*ess, n.

Defn: A woman who favors or gives countenance. [Written also
fovouress.]

FAVORING
Fa"vor*ing, a.

Defn: That favors.
 -- Fa"vor*ing*ly, adv.

FAVORITE
Fa"vor*ite, n. Etym: [OF. favorit favored, F. favori, fem. favorite,
p.p. of OF. favorir, cf. It. favorito, frm. favorita, fr. favorire to
favor. See Favor.]

1. A person or thing regarded with peculiar favor; one treated with
partiality; one preferred above others; especially, one unduly loved,
trusted, and enriched with favors by a person of high rank or
authority.
Committing to a wicked favorite All public cares. Milton.

2. pl.

Defn: Short curls dangling over the temples; -- fashionable in the
reign of Charles II. [Obs.] Farquhar.

3. (Sporting)

Defn: The competitor (as a horse in a race) that is judged most
likely to win; the competitor standing highest in the betting.

FAVORITE
Fa"vor*ite, a.

Defn: Regarded with particular affection, esteem, or preference; as,
a favorite walk; a favorite child. "His favorite argument." Macaulay.

FAVORITISM
Fa"vor*it*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. favoritisme.]

Defn: The disposition to favor and promote the interest of one person
or family, or of one class of men, to the neglect of others having
equal claims; partiality.
A spirit of favoritism to the Bank of the United States. A. Hamilton.

FAVORLESS
Fa"vor*less, a.

1. Unfavored; not regarded with favor; having no countenance or
support.

2. Unpropitious; unfavorable. [Obs.] "Fortune favorless." Spenser.

FAVOSE
Fa*vose", a. Etym: [L. favus honeycomb.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Honeycombed. See Faveolate.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the disease called favus.

FAVOSITE
Fav"o*site, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the genus Favosites.

FAVOSITES
Fav`o*si"tes, n. Etym: [NL. See Favose.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of fossil corals abundant in the Silurian and Devonian
rocks, having polygonal cells with perforated walls.

FAVUS
Fa"vus, n. Etym: [L., honeycomb.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A disease of the scalp, produced by a vegetable parasite.

2. A tile or flagstone cut into an hexagonal shape to produce a
honeycomb pattern, as in a pavement; -- called also favas and
sectila. Mollett.

FAWE
Fawe, a. Etym: [See Fain.]

Defn: Fain; glad; delighted. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FAWKNER
Fawk"ner, n. Etym: [See Falconer.]

Defn: A falconer. [Obs.] Donne.

FAWN
Fawn, n. Etym: [OF. faon the young one of any beast, a fawn, F. faon
a fawn, for fedon, fr. L. fetus. See Fetus.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young deer; a buck or doe of the first year. See Buck.

2. The young of an animal; a whelp. [Obs.]
[The tigress] . . . followeth . . . after her fawns. Holland.

3. A fawn color.

FAWN
Fawn, a.

Defn: Of the color of a fawn; fawn-colored.

FAWN
Fawn, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. faonner.]

Defn: To bring forth a fawn.

FAWN
Fawn, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fawned; p. pr. & vb. n. Fawning.] Etym:
[OE. fawnen, fainen, fagnien, to rejoice, welcome, flatter, AS.
fægnian to rejoice; akin to Icel. fagna to rejoice, welcome. See
Fain.]

Defn: To court favor by low cringing, frisking, etc., as a dog; to
flatter meanly; -- often followed by on or upon.
You showed your teeth like apes, and fawned like hounds. Shak.
Thou with trembling fear, Or like a fawning parasite, obeyest.
Milton.
Courtiers who fawn on a master while they betray him. Macaulay.

FAWN
Fawn, n.

Defn: A servile cringe or bow; mean flattery; sycophancy. Shak.

FAWN-COLORED
Fawn"-col`ored, a.

Defn: Of the color of a fawn; light yellowish brown.

FAWNER
Fawn"er, n.

Defn: One who fawns; a sycophant.

FAWNINGLY
Fawn"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a fawning manner.

FAXED
Faxed, a. Etym: [AS. feaxede haired, fr. feax hair. Cf. Paxwax.]

Defn: Hairy. [Obs.] amden.

FAY
Fay, n. Etym: [F. fée. See Fate, and cf. Fairy.]

Defn: A fairy; an elf. "Yellow-skirted fays." Milton.

FAY
Fay, n. Etym: [OF. fei, F. foi. See Faith.]

Defn: Faith; as, by my fay. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FAY
Fay (fa), v. t. [imp. & p. p. fayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Faying.] Etym:
[OE. feien, v.t. & i., AS. fegan to join, unite; akin to OS. fogian,
D. voegen, OHG. fuogen, G. fügen, Sw. foga. See Fair, and cf. Fadge.]
(Shipbuilding)

Defn: To fit; to join; to unite closely, as two pieces of wood, so as
to make the surface fit together.

FAY
Fay, v. i. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: To lie close together; to fit; to fadge; -- often with in,
into, with, or together. Faying surface, that surface of an object
which comes with another object to which it is fastened; -- said of
plates, angle irons, etc., that are riveted together in shipwork.

FAYALITE
Fay"al*ite, n. Etym: [So called from the island Fayal.] (Min.)

Defn: A black, greenish, or brownish mineral of the chrysolite group.
It is a silicate of iron.

FAYENCE
Fa`y*ence", n.

Defn: See Fa.

FAYTOUR
Fay"tour, n.

Defn: See Faitour. [Obs.] Spenser.

FAZE
Faze, v. t.

Defn: See Feeze.

FAZZOLET
Faz"zo*let`, n. Etym: [It. fazzoletto.]

Defn: A handkerchief. [R.] percival.

FEABERRY
Fea"ber*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. feabe, theabe, thape.] (Bot.)

Defn: A gooseberry. [Prov. Eng.] Prior.

FEAGUE
Feague, v. t. Etym: [Cf. G. fegen to sweep, Icel. fægia to cleanse,
polish, E. fair, fay, to fit, fey to cleanse.]

Defn: To beat or whip; to drive. [Obs.] Otway.

FEAL
Fe"al, a. Etym: [OF. feal, feel, feeil, fedeil, F. fidèle, L. fidelis
faithful, fr. fides faith. See Faith.]

Defn: Faithful; loyal. [Obs.] Wright.

FEALTY
Fe"al*ty, n. Etym: [OE. faute, OF. fauté, fealté, feelé, feelteit,
fr. L. fidelitas, fr. fidelis faithful. See Feal, and cf. Fidelity.]

1. Fidelity to one's lord; the feudal obligation by which the tenant
or vassal was bound to be faithful to his lord; the special oath by
which this obligation was assumed; fidelity to a superior power, or
to a government; loyality. It is no longer the practice to exact the
performance of fealty, as a feudal obligation. Wharton (Law Dict. ).
Tomlins.

2. Fidelity; constancy; faithfulness, as of a friend to a friend, or
of a wife to her husband.
He should maintain fealty to God. I. Taylor.
Makes wicked lightnings of her eyes, and saps The fealty of our
friends. tennyson.
Swore fealty to the new government. Macaulay.

Note: Fealty is distinguished from homage, which is an acknowledgment
of tenure, while fealty implies an oath. See Homage. Wharton.

Syn.
 -- Homage; loyality; fidelity; constancy.

FEAR
Fear, n.

Defn: A variant of Fere, a mate, a companion. [Obs.] Spenser.

FEAR
Fear, n. Etym: [OE. fer, feer, fere, AS. f a coming suddenly upon,
fear, danger; akin to D. vaar, OHG. fara danger, G. gefahr, Icel. far
harm, mischief, plague, and to E. fare, peril. See Fare.]

1. A painful emotion or passion excited by the expectation of evil,
or the apprehension of impending danger; apprehension; anxiety;
solicitude; alarm; dread.

Note: The degrees of this passion, beginning with the most moderate,
may be thus expressed, -- apprehension, fear, dread, fright, terror.
Fear is an uneasiness of the mind, upon the thought of future evil
likely to befall us. Locke.
Where no hope is left, is left no fear. Milton.

2. (Script.)
(a) Apprehension of incurring, or solicitude to avoid, God's wrath;
the trembling and awful reverence felt toward the Supreme Belng.
(b) Respectful reverence for men of authority or worth.
I will put my fear in their hearts. Jer. xxxii. 40.
I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Ps. xxxiv. 11.
render therefore to all their dues; tribute to whom tribute is due .
. . fear to whom fear. Rom. xiii. 7.

3. That which causes, or which is the object of, apprehension or
alarm; source or occasion of terror; danger; dreadfulness.
There were they in great fear, where no fear was. Ps. liii. 5.
The fear of your adventure would counsel you to a more equal
enterprise. Shak.
For fear, in apprehension lest. "For fear you ne'er see chain nor
money more." Shak.

FEAR
Fear, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Feared; p. pr. & vb. n. Fearing.] Etym:
[OE. feren, faeren, to frighten, to be afraid, AS. fFear, n.]

1. To feel a painful apprehension of; to be afraid of; to consider or
expect with emotion of alarm or solicitude.
I will fear no evil, for thou art with me. Ps. xxiii. 4.

Note: With subordinate clause.
I greatly fear my money is not safe. Shak.
I almost fear to quit your hand. D. Jerrold.

2. To have a reverential awe of; to solicitous to avoid the
displeasure of.
Leave them to God above; him serve and fear. Milton.

3. To be anxious or solicitous for. [R.]
The sins of the father are to be laid upon the children, therefore .
. . I fear you. Shak.

4. To suspect; to doubt. [Obs.]
Ay what else, fear you not her courage Shak.

5. To affright; to terrify; to drive away or prevent approach of by
fear. z2
fera their people from doing evil. Robynsin (More's utopia).
Tush, tush! fear boys with bugs. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To apprehend; drad; reverence; venerate.

FEAR
Fear, v. i.

Defn: To be in apprehension of evil; to be afraid; to feel anxiety on
account of some expected evil.
I exceedingly fear and quake. Heb. xii. 21.

FEARER
Fear"er, n.

Defn: One who fars. Sir P. Sidney.

FEARFUL
Fear"ful, a.

1. Full of fera, apprehension, or alarm; afraid; frightened.
Anxious amidst all their success, and fearful amidat all their power.
Bp. Warburton.

2. inclined to fear; easily frightened; without courage; timid.
What man is there that is fearful and fain-hearted Deut. xx. 8.

3. Indicating, or caused by, fear.
Cold fearful drops stand on my trembling flesh. Shak.

4. Inspiring fear or awe; exciting apprehension or terror; terrible;
frightful; dreadful.
This glorious and fearful name, The Lord thy God. Deut. xxviii. 58.
Death is a fearful thing. Shak.
In dreams they fearful precipices tread. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Apprehensive; afraid; timid; timorous; ho

FEARFULLY
Fear"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In a fearful manner.

FEARFULNESS
Fear"ful*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being fearful.

FEARLESS
Fear"less, a.

Defn: Free from fear.

Syn.
 -- Bold; courageous; interpid; valor -- Fear"less*ly, adv.
 -- Fera"less*ness, n.

FEARNAUGHT
Fear"naught`, n.

1. A fearless person.

2. A stout woolen cloth of great thickness; dreadnaught; also, a warm
garment.

FEARSOME
Fear"some a.

1. Frightful; causing fear [Scotch] "This fearsome wind." Sir W.
Scott

2

Defn: . Easily frightened; timid; timorous. "A silly fearsome thing."
B. Taylor

FEASIBILITY
Fea"si*bil*ity n.; pl. Feasibilities (-tiz). Etym: [from Feasible]

Defn: The quality of being feasible; practicability; also, that which
is feasible; as, before we adopt a plan, let us consider its
feasibility.
Men often swallow falsities for truths, dubiosities for certainties,
possibilities for feasibilities. Sir T. Browne.

FEASIBLE
Fea"si*ble a. Etym: [F. faisable, fr. faire to make or do, fr. L.
facere. See Fact, Feat.]

1. Capable of being done, executed, or effected; practicable.
Always existing before their eyes as a thing feasible in practice.
Burke.
It was not feasible to gratify so many ambitions. Beaconsfield.

2. Fit to be used or tailed, as land. [R.] R. Trumbull.
Fea"si*ble*ness, n. --Fea"si*bly, adv.

FEAST
Feast, n. Etym: [OE. feste festival, holiday, feast, OF. feste
festival, F. fête, fr. L. festum, pl. festa, fr. festus joyful,
festal; of uncertain origin. Cf. Fair, n., Festal, F.]

1. A festival; a holiday; a solemn, or more commonly, a joyous,
anniversary.
The seventh day shall be a feast to the Lord. Ex. xiii. 6.
Now his parents went to Jerusalem every year at the feast of the
passover. Luke ii. 41.

Note: Ecclesiastical fasts are called immovable when they always
occur on the same day of the year; otherwise they are called movable.

2. A festive or joyous meal; a grand, ceremonious, or sumptuous
entertainment, of which many guests partake; a banquet characterized
by tempting variety and abundance of food.
Enough is as good as a feast. Old Proverb.
Belshazzar the King made a great feast to a thousand of his lords.
Dan. v. 1.

3. That which is partaken of, or shared in, with delight; something
highly agreeable; entertainment.
The feast of reason, and the flow of soul. Pope.
Feast day, a holiday; a day set as a solemn commemo

Syn.
 -- Entertainment; regale; banquet; treat; carousal; festivity;
festival.
 -- Feast, Banquet, Festival, Carousal. A feast sets before us viands
superior in quantity, variety, and abudance; a banquet is a luxurious
feast; a festival is the joyful celebration by good cheer of some
agreeable event. Carousal is unrestrained indulgence in frolic and
drink.

FEAST
Feast, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Feasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Feasting.] Etym:
[OE. festen, cf. OF. fester to rest from work, F. fêter to celebrate
a holiday. See Feast, n.]

1. To eat sumptuously; to dine or sup on rich provisions,
particularly in large companies, and on public festivals.
And his sons went and feasted in their houses. Job. i. 4.

2. To be highly gratified or delighted.
With my love's picture then my eye doth feast. Shak.

FEAST
Feast, v. t.

1. To entertain with sumptuous provisions; to treat at the table
bountifully; as, he was feasted by the king. Hayward.

2. To delight; to gratify; as, to feast the soul.
Feast your ears with the music a while. Shak.

FEASTER
Feast"er, n.

1. One who fares deliciously.

2. One who entertains magnificently. Johnson.

FEASTFUL
Feast"ful, a.

Defn: Festive; festal; joyful; sumptuous; luxurious. "Feastful days."
Milton.
 -- Feast"ful*ly, adv.

FEAT
Feat, n. Etym: [OE. fet, OF. fet, fait, F. fait, factum, fr. L.
facere, factum, to make or do. Cf. Fact, Feasible, Do.]

1. An act; a deed; an exploit.
The warlike feats I have done. Shak.

2. A striking act of strength, skill, or cunning; a trick; as, feats
of horsemanship, or of dexterity.

FEAT
Feat, v. t.

Defn: To form; to fashion. [Obs.]
To the more mature, A glass that feated them. Shak.

FEAT
Feat, a. [Compar. Feater; superl. Featest.] Etym: [F. fait made,
shaped, fit, p.p. of faire to make or do. See Feat, n.]

Defn: Dexterous in movements or service; skillful; neat; nice;
pretty. [Archaic]
Never master had a page . . . so feat. Shak.
And look how well my garments sit upon me --Much feater than before.
Shak.

FEAT-BODIED
Feat"-bod`ied, a.

Defn: Having a feat or trim body. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

FEATEOUS
Feat"e*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. faitis, faitice, fetis, well made,
fine, L. facticius made by art.]

Defn: Dexterous; neat. [Obs.] Johnson.
 -- Feat"e*ous*ly, adv.

FEATHER
Feath"er, n. Etym: [OE. fether, AS. fe; akin to D. veder, OHG.
fedara, G. feder, Icel. fjö, Sw. fjäder, Dan. fjæder, Gr. pattra
wing, feathr, pat to fly, and prob. to L. penna feather, wing. sq.
root76, 248. Cf. Pen a feather.]

1. One of the peculiar dermal appendages, of several kinds, belonging
to birds, as contour feathers, quills, and down.

Note: An ordinary feather consists of the quill or hollow basal part
of the stem; the shaft or rachis, forming the upper, solid part of
the stem; the vanes or webs, implanted on the rachis and consisting
of a series of slender laminæ or barbs, which usually bear barbicels
and interlocking hooks by which they are fastened together. See Down,
Quill, Plumage.

2. Kind; nature; species; -- from the proverbial phrase, "Birds of a
feather," that is, of the same species. [R.]
I am not of that feather to shake off My friend when he must need me.
Shak.

3. The fringe of long hair on the legs of the setter and some other
dogs.

4. A tuft of peculiar, long, frizzly hair on a horse.

5. One of the fins or wings on the shaft of an arrow.

6. (Mach. & Carp.)

Defn: A longitudinal strip projecting as a fin from an object, to
strengthen it, or to enter a channel in another object and thereby
prevent displacement sidwise but permit motion lengthwise; a spline.

7. A thin wedge driven between the two semicylindrical parts of a
divided plug in a hole bored in a stone, to rend the stone. Knight.

8. The angular adjustment of an oar or paddle-wheel float, with
reference to a horizontal axis, as it leaves or enters the water.

Note: Feather is used adjectively or in combination, meaning composed
of, or resembling, a feather or feathers; as, feather fan, feather-
heeled, feather duster. Feather alum (Min.), a hydrous sulphate of
alumina, resulting from volcanic action, and from the decomposition
of iron pyrites; -- called also halotrichite. Ure.
 -- Feather bed, a bed filled with feathers.
 -- Feather driver, one who prepares feathers by beating.
 -- Feather duster, a dusting brush of feathers.
 -- Feather flower, an artifical flower made of feathers, for ladies'
headdresses, and other ornamental purposes.
 -- Feather grass (Bot.), a kind of grass (Stipa pennata) which has a
long feathery awn rising from one of the chaffy scales which inclose
the grain.
 -- Feather maker, one who makes plumes, etc., of feathers, real or
artificial.
 -- Feather ore (Min.), a sulphide of antimony and lead, sometimes
found in capillary forms and like a cobweb, but also massive. It is a
variety of Jamesonite.
 -- Feather shot, or Feathered shot (Metal.), copper granulated by
pouring into cold water. Raymond.
 -- Feather spray (Naut.), the spray thrown up, like pairs of
feathers, by the cutwater of a fast-moving vessel.
 -- Feather star. (Zoöl.) See Comatula.
 -- Feather weight. (Racing) (a) Scrupulously exact weight, so that a
feather would turn the scale, when a jockey is weighed or weighted.
(b) The lightest weight that can be put on the back of a horse in
racing. Youatt. (c) In wrestling, boxing, etc., a term applied to the
lightest of the classes into which contestants are divided; -- in
contradistinction to light weight, middle weight, and heavy weight. A
feather in the cap an honour, trophy, or mark of distinction.
[Colloq.] -- To be in full feather, to be in full dress or in one's
best clothes. [Collog.] -- To be in high feather, to be in high
spirits. [Collog.] -- To cut a feather. (a) (Naut.) To make the water
foam in moving; in allusion to the ripple which a ship throws off
from her bows. (b) To make one's self conspicuous.[Colloq.] -- To
show the white feather, to betray cowardice, -- a white feather in
the tail of a cock being considered an indication that he is not of
the true game breed.

FEATHER
Feath"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Feathered; p. pr. & vb. n. Feathering.]

1. To furnish with a feather or feathers, as an arrow or a cap.
An eagle had the ill hap to be struck with an arrow feathered from
her own wing. L'Estrange.

2. To adorn, as with feathers; to fringe.
A few birches and oaks still feathered the narrow ravines. Sir W.
Scott.

3. To render light as a feather; to give wings to.[R.]
The Polonian story perhaps may feather some tedions hours. Loveday.

4. To enrich; to exalt; to benefit.
They stuck not to say that the king cared not to plume his nobility
and people to feather himself. Bacon.
Dryden.

5. To tread, as a cock. Dryden. To feather one's nest, to provide for
one's self especially from property belonging to another, confided to
one's care; -- an expression taken from the practice of birds which
collect feathers for the lining of their nests.
 -- To feather an oar (Naut), to turn it when it leaves the water so
that the blade will be horizontal and offer the least resistance to
air while reaching for another stroke.
 -- To tar and feather a person, to smear him with tar and cover him
with feathers, as a punishment or an indignity.

FEATHER
Feath"er, v. i.

1. To grow or form feathers; to become feathered; -- often with out;
as, the birds are feathering out.

2. To curdle when poured into another liquid, and float about in
little flakes or "feathers;" as, the cream feathers [Colloq.]

3. To turn to a horizontal plane; -- said of oars.
The feathering oar returns the gleam. Tickell.
Stopping his sculls in the air to feather accurately. Macmillan's
Mag.

4. To have the appearance of a feather or of feathers; to be or to
appear in feathery form.
A clump of ancient cedars feathering in evergreen beauty down to the
ground. Warren.
The ripple feathering from her bows. Tennyson.

FEATHERBONE
Feath"er*bone`, n.

Defn: A substitute for whalebone, made from the quills of geese and
turkeys.

FEATHER-BRAINED
Feath"er-brained, a.

Defn: Giddy; frivolous; feather-headed. [Colloq.]

FEATHERED
Feath"ered, a.

1. Clothed, covered, or fitted with (or as with) feathers or wings;
as, a feathered animal; a feathered arrow.
Rise from the ground like feathered Mercury. Shak.
Nonsense feathered with soft and delicate phrases and pointed with
pathetic accent. Dr. J. Scott.

2. Furnished with anything featherlike; ornamented; fringed; as, land
feathered with trees.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a fringe of feathers, as the legs of certian birds; or
of hairs, as the legs of a setter dog.

4. (Her.)

Defn: Having feathers; -- said of an arrow, when the feathers are of
a tincture different from that of the shaft.

FEATHER-EDGE
Feath"er-edge, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The thin, new growth around the edge of a shell, of an oyster.

2. Any thin, as on a board or a razor.

FEATHER-EDGED
Feath"er-edged, a.

Defn: Having a feather-edge; also, having one edge thinner than the
other, as a board; -- in the United States, said only of stuff one
edge of which is made as thin as practicable.

FEATHER-FEW
Feath"er-few, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Feverfew.

FEATHER-FOIL
Feath"er-foil`, n. Etym: [Feather + foil a leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: An aquatic plant (Hottonia palustris), having finely divided
leaves.

FEATHER-HEAD
Feath"er-head`, n.

Defn: A frivolous or featherbrained person. [Colloq.] H. James.

FEATHER-HEADED
Feath"er-head`ed, a.

Defn: Giddy; frivolous; foolish. [Colloq.] G. Eliot.

FEATHER-HEELED
Feath"er-heeled`, a.

Defn: Light-heeled; gay; frisky; frolicsome. [Colloq.]

FEATHERINESS
Feath"er*i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being feathery.

FEATHERING
Feath"er*ing, n.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Foliation.

2. The act of turning the blade of the oar, as it rises from the
water in rowing, from a vertical to a horizontal position. See To
feather an oar, under Feather, v. t.

3. A covering of feathers. Feathering float (Naut.), the float or
paddle of a feathering wheel.
 -- Feathering screw (Naut.), a screw propeller, of which the blades
may be turned so as to move edgewise through the water when the
vessel is moving under sail alone.
 -- Feathering wheel (Naut.), a paddle wheel whose floats turn
automatically so as to dip about perpendicularly into the water and
leave in it the same way, avoiding beating on the water in the
descent and lifting water in the ascent.

FEATHERLESS
Feath"er*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of feathers.

FEATHERLY
Feath"er*ly, a.

Defn: Like feathers. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

FEATHERNESS
Feath"er*ness, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being feathery.

FEATHER-PATED
Feath"er-pat"ed, a.

Defn: Feather-headed; frivolous. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.

FEATHERSTITCH
Feath"er*stitch`, n.

Defn: A kind of embroidery stitch producing a branching zigzag line.

FEATHER-VEINED
Feath"er-veined`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the veins (of a leaf) diverging from the two sides of a
midrib.

FEATHERY
Feath"er*y, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, feathers; covered with, or as
with, feathers; as, feathery spray or snow. Milton.
Ye feathery people of mid air. Barry Cornwall.

FEATLY
Feat"ly, adv. Etym: [From Feat, a.]

Defn: Neatly; dexterously; nimbly. [Archaic]
Foot featly here and there. Shak.

FEATNESS
Feat"ness, n.

Defn: Skill; adroitness. [Archaic] Johnson.

FEATURE
Fea"ture, n. Etym: [OE. feture form, shape, feature, OF. faiture
fashion, make, fr. L. factura a making, formation, fr. facere,
factum, to make. See Feat, Fact, and cf. Facture.]

1. The make, form, or outward appearance of a person; the whole turn
or style of the body; esp., good appearance.
What needeth it his feature to descrive Chaucer.
Cheated of feature by dissembling nature. Shak.

2. The make, cast, or appearance of the human face, and especially of
any single part of the face; a lineament. (pl.) The face, the
countenance.
It is for homely features to keep home. Milton.

3. The cast or structure of anything, or of any part of a thing, as
of a landscape, a picture, a treaty, or an essay; any marked
peculiarity or characteristic; as, one of the features of the
landscape.
And to her service bind each living creature Through secret
understanding of their feature. Spenser.

4. A form; a shape. [R.]
So scented the grim feature, and upturned His nostril wide into the
murky air. Milton.

FEATURED
Fea"tured, a.

1. Shaped; fashioned.
How noble, young, how rarely featured! Shak.

2. Having features; formed into features.
The well-stained canvas or the featured stone. Young.

FEATURELESS
Fea"ture*less, a.

Defn: Having no distinct or distinctive features.

FEATURELY
Fea"ture*ly, a.

Defn: Having features; showing marked peculiarities; handsome. [R.]
Featurely warriors of Christian chivalry. Coleridge.

FEAZE
Feaze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Feazed; p. pr. & vb. n. Feazing.] Etym:
[Cf. OE. faseln to ravel, fr. AS. fæs fringe; akin to G. fasen to
separate fibers or threads, fasen, faser, thread, filament, OHG.
faso.]

Defn: To untwist; to unravel, as the end of a rope. Johnson.

FEAZE
Feaze, v. t. Etym: [See Feese.faze]

Defn: To beat; to chastise; also, to humble; to harass; to worry.
[Obs.] insworth.

FEAZE
Feaze, n.

Defn: A state of anxious or fretful excitement; worry; vexation.
[Obs.]

FEAZINGS
Feaz"ings, n. pl. Etym: [See Feaze, v. t.] (Naut.)

Defn: The unlaid or ragged end of a rope. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

FEBRICITATE
Fe*bric"i*tate, v. i. Etym: [L. febricitare, fr. febris. See
Febrile.]

Defn: To have a fever. [Obs.] Bailey.

FEBRICULOSE
Fe*bric"u*lose`, a. Etym: [L. febriculosus.]

Defn: Somewhat feverish. [Obs.] Johnson.

FEBRIFACIENT
Feb`ri*fa"cient, a. Etym: [L. febris fever + faciens, p.pr. of facere
to make.]

Defn: Febrific. Dunglison.
 -- n.

Defn: That which causes fever. Beddoes.

FEBRIFEROUS
Fe*brif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. febris fever + -ferous.]

Defn: Causing fever; as, a febriferous locality.

FEBRIFIC
Fe*brif"ic, a. Etym: [L. febris fever + ficare (in comp.) to make.
See fy-.]

Defn: Producing fever. Dunglison.

FEBRIFUGAL
Fe*brif"u*gal ( or ), a. Etym: [See Febrifuge.]

Defn: Having the quality of mitigating or curing fever. Boyle.

FEBRIFUGE
Feb"ri*fuge, n. Etym: [L. febris fever + fugare to put to flight,
from fugere to flee: cf. F. fébrifuge. see Febrile, Feverfew.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicine serving to mitigate or remove fever.
 -- a.

Defn: Antifebrile.

FEBRILE
Fe"brile, a. Etym: [F. fébrile, from L. febris fever. See Fever.]

Defn: Pertaining to fever; indicating fever, or derived from it; as,
febrile symptoms; febrile action. Dunglison.

FEBRUARY
Feb"ru*a*ry, n. Etym: [L. Februarius, orig., the month of expiation,
because on the fifteenth of this month the great feast of expiation
and purification was held, fr. februa, pl., the Roman festival or
purification; akin to februare to purify, expiate.]

Defn: The second month in the year, said to have been introduced into
the Roman calendar by Numa. In common years this month contains
twenty-eight days; in the bissextile, or leap year, it has twenty-
nine days.

FEBRUATION
Feb`ru*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. februatio. See february.]

Defn: Purification; a sacrifice. [Obs.] Spenser.

FECAL
Fe"cal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fécal. See Feces.]

Defn: relating to, or containing, dregs, feces, or ordeure; fæcal.

FECCHE
Fec"che, v. t.

Defn: To fetch. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FECES
Fe"ces, n. pl.

Defn: dregs; sediment; excrement. See FÆces.

FECIAL
Fe"cial, a. Etym: [L. fetialis belonging to the fetiales, the Roman
priests who sanctioned treaties and demanded satisfaction from the
enemy before a formal declaration of war.]

Defn: Pertaining to heralds, declarations of war, and treaties of
peace; as, fecial law. Kent.

FECIFORK
Fe"ci*fork`, n. Etym: [Feces + fork.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The anal fork on which the larvæ of certain insects carry their
fæces.

FECK
Feck, n. [Abbrev. fr. effect.]

1. Effect. [Obs.]

2.  Efficacy; force; value. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

3.  Amount; quantity. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

He had a feck o' books wi' him.
R. L. Stevenson.

The most feck, or The feck, the greater or larger part. "The feck o'
my life." Burns.

FECKLESS
Feck"less, a. Etym: [Perh. a corruption of effectless.]

Defn: Spiritless; weak; worthless. [Scot]

FECKLESSNESS
feck"less*ness n.

Defn: absence of merit.
[WordNet 1.5]

FECKS
Fecks, n.

Defn: A corruption of the word faith. Shak.

FECULA
Fec"u*la, n.; pl. FeculÆ Etym: [L.fae burnt tartar or salt of tartar,
dim. of faex, faecis, sediment, dregs: cf. F. fécule.]

Defn: Any pulverulent matter obtained from plants by simply breaking
down the texture, washing with water, and subsidence. Especially:
(a) The nutritious part of wheat; starch or farina; -- called also
amylaceous fecula. (b) The green matter of plants; chlorophyll.

FECULENCE
Fec"u*lence, n. Etym: [L. faeculentia dregs, filth: cf. F.
féculence.]

1. The state or quality of being feculent; muddiness; foulness.

2. That which is feculent; sediment; lees; dregs.

FECULENCY
Fec"u*len*cy, n.

Defn: Feculence.

FECULENT
Fec"u*lent, a. Etym: [L. faeculentus, fr. faecula: cf. F. féculent.
See Fecula.]

Defn: Foul with extraneous or impure substances; abounding with
sediment or excrementitious matter; muddy; thick; turbid.
Both his hands most filthy feculent. Spenser.

FECUND
Fec"und, a. Etym: [L. fecundus, from the root of fetus: cf. F.
fécond. see Fetus.]

Defn: Fruitful in children; prolific. Graunt.

FECUNDATE
Fec"un*date, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fecundated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fecundating.] Etym: [L. fecundare, fr. fecundus. See Fecund.]

1. To make fruitful or prolific. W. Montagu.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: To render fruitful or prolific; to impregnate; as, in flowers
the pollen fecundates the ovum through the stigma.

FECUNDATION
Fec`un*da"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fécondation.] (Biol.)

Defn: The act by which, either in animals or plants, material
prepared by the generative organs the female organism is brought in
contact with matter from the organs of the male, so that a new
organism results; impregnation; fertilization.

FECUNDIFY
Fe*cun"di*fy, v. t. Etym: [Fecund + -fy.]

Defn: To make fruitful; to fecundate. Johnson.

FECUNDITY
Fe*cun"di*ty, n. Etym: [L. fecunditas: cf. F. fécondité. See Fecund.]

1. The quality or power of producing fruit; fruitfulness; especially
(Biol.), the quality in female organisms of reproducing rapidly and
in great numbers.

2. The power of germinating; as in seeds.

3. The power of bringing forth in abundance; fertility; richness of
invention; as, the fecundity of God's creative power. Bentley.

FED
Fed,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Feed.

FEDARY
Fed"a*ry, n.

Defn: A feodary. [Obs.] Shak.

FEDERAL
Fed"er*al, a. Etym: [L. foedus league, treaty, compact; akin to fides
faith: cf. F. fédéral. see Faith.]

1. Pertaining to a league or treaty; derived from an agreement or
covenant between parties, especially between nations; constituted by
a compact between parties, usually governments or their
representatives.
The Romans compelled them, contrary to all federal right, . . . to
part with Sardinia. Grew.

2. Specifically:
(a) Composed of states or districts which retain only a subordinate
and limited sovereignty, as the Union of the United States, or the
Sonderbund of Switzerland.
(b) Consisting or pertaining to such a government; as, the Federal
Constitution; a Federal officer.
(c) Friendly or devoted to such a government; as, the Federal party.
see Federalist. Federal Congress. See under Congress.

FEDERAL
Fed"er*al, n.

Defn: See Federalist.

FEDERALISM
Fed"er*al*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fédéralisme.]

Defn: the principles of Federalists or of federal union.

FEDERALIST
Fed"er*al*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fédéraliste.]

Defn: An advocate of confederation; specifically (Amer. Hist.), a
friend of the Constitution of the United States at its formation and
adoption; a member of the political party which favored the
administration of president Washington.

FEDERALIZE
Fed"er*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Federalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Federalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. fédéraliser.]

Defn: To unite in compact, as different States; to confederate for
political purposes; to unite by or under the Federal Constitution.
Barlow.

FEDERARY
Fed"er*a*ry, n. Etym: [See Federal.]

Defn: A partner; a confederate; an accomplice. [Obs.] hak.

FEDERATE
Fed"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. foederatus, p.p. of foederare to establish
by treaty or league, fr. foedus. See Federal.]

Defn: United by compact, as sovereignties, states, or nations; joined
in confederacy; leagued; confederate; as, federate nations.

FEDERATION
Fed`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fédération.]

1. The act of uniting in a league; confederation.

2. A league; a confederacy; a federal or confederated government.
Burke.

FEDERATIVE
Fed"er*a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fédératif.]

Defn: Uniting in a league; forming a confederacy; federal. "A
federative society." Burke.

FEDITY
Fed"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. foeditas, fr. foedus foul, fikthy.]

Defn: Turpitude; vileness. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

FEE
Fee, n. Etym: [OE. fe, feh, feoh, cattle, property, money, fiet, AS.
feoh cattle, property, money; the senses of "property, money,"
arising from cattle being used in early times as a medium of exchange
or payment, property chiefly consisting of cattle; akin to OS. feuh
cattle, property, D. vee cattle, OHG. fihu, fehu, G. vieh, Icel. f
cattle, property, money, Goth. faíhu, L. pecus cattle, pecunia
property. money, Skr. pa cattle, perh. orig., "a fastened or tethered
animal," from a root signifying to bind, and perh. akin to E. fang,
fair, a.; cf. OF. fie, flu, feu, fleu, fief, F. fief, from German, of
the same origin. the sense fief is due to the French. Feud, Fief,
Fellow, Pecuniary.]

1. property; possession; tenure. "Laden with rich fee." Spenser.
Once did she hold the gorgeous East in fee. Wordsworth.

2. Reward or compensation for services rendered or to be rendered;
especially, payment for professional services, of optional amount, or
fixed by custom or laws; charge; pay; perquisite; as, the fees of
lawyers and physicians; the fees of office; clerk's fees; sheriff's
fees; marriage fees, etc.
To plead for love deserves more fee than hate. Shak.

3. (Feud. Law)

Defn: A right to the use of a superior's land, as a stipend for
services to be performed; also, the land so held; a fief.

4. (Eng. Law)

Defn: An estate of inheritance supposed to be held either mediately
or immediately from the sovereign, and absolutely vested in the
owner.

Note: All the land in England, except the crown land, is of this
kind. An absolute fee, or fee simple, is land which a man holds to
himself and his heirs forever, who are called tenants in fee simple.
In modern writers, by fee is usually meant fee simple. A limited fee
may be a qualitified or base fee, which ceases with the existence of
certain conditions; or a conditional fee, or fee tail, which is
limited to particular heirs. Blackstone.

5. (Amer. Law)

Defn: An estate of inheritance belonging to the owner, and
transmissible to his heirs, absolutely and simply, without condition
attached to the tenure. Fee estate (Eng. Law), land or tenements held
in fee in consideration or some acknowledgment or service rendered to
the lord.
 -- Fee farm (Law), land held of another in fee, in consideration of
an annual rent, without homage, fealty, or any other service than
that mentioned in the feoffment; an estate in fee simple, subject to
a perpetual rent. Blackstone.
 -- Fee farm rent (Eng. Law), a perpetual rent reserved upon a
conveyance in fee simple.
 -- Fee fund (Scot. Law), certain court dues out of which the clerks
and other court officers are paid.
 -- Fee simple (Law), an absolute fee; a fee without conditions or
limits.
Buy the fee simple of my life for an hour and a quarter. Shak.
-- Fee tail (Law), an estate of inheritance, limited and restrained
to some particular heirs. Burill.

FEE
Fee, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Feed; p. pr. & vb. n. Feeing.]

Defn: To reward for services performed, or to be performed; to
recompense; to hire or keep in hire; hence, to bribe.
The patient . . . fees the doctor. Dryden.
There's not a one of them but in his house I keep a servant feed.
Shak.

FEEBLE
Fee"ble, a. [Compar. Feebler; superl. Feeblest.] Etym: [OE. feble,
OF. feble, flebe, floibe, floible, foible, F. faible, L. flebilis to
be wept over, lamentable, wretched, fr. flere to weep. Cf. Foible.]

1. Deficient in physical strenght; weak; infirm; debilitated.
Carried all the feeble of them upon asses. 2 Chron. xxviii. 15.

2. Wanting force, vigor, or efficiency in action or expression; not
full, loud, bright, strong, rapid, etc.; faint; as, a feeble color;
feeble motion. "A lady's feeble voice." Shak.

FEEBLE
Fee"ble, v. t.

Defn: To make feble; to enfeeble. [Obs.]
Shall that victorious hand be feebled here Shak.

FEEBLE-MINDED
Fee"ble-mind"ed, a.

Defn: Weak in intellectual power; wanting firmness or constancy;
irresolute; vacilating; imbecile. "comfort the feeble-minded." 1
Thess. v. 14.
 -- Fee"ble-mind"ed*ness, n.

FEEBLENESS
Fee"ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being feeble; debility; infirmity.
That shakes for age and feebleness. Shak.

FEEBLY
Fee"bly, adv.

Defn: In a feeble manner.
The restored church . . . contended feebly, and with half a heart.
Macaulay.

FEED
Feed, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fed; p. pr. & vb. n. Feeding.] Etym: [AS.
f, fr. f food; akin to C. f, OFries f, f, D. voeden, OHG. fuottan,
Icel. fæ, Sw. föda, Dan. föde. Food.]

1. To give food to; to supply with nourishment; to satisfy the
physical huger of.
If thine enemy hunger, feed him. Rom. xii. 20.
Unreasonable reatures feed their young. Shak.

2. To satisfy; grafity or minister to, as any sense, talent, taste,
or desire.
I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him. Shak.
Feeding him with the hope of liberty. Knolles.

3. To fill the wants of; to supply with that which is used or wasted;
as, springs feed ponds; the hopper feeds the mill; to feed a furnace
with coal.

4. To nourish, in a general sense; to foster, strengthen, develop,
and guard.
Thou shalt feed people Israel. 2 Sam. v. 2.
Mightiest powers by deepest calms are feed. B. Cornwall.

5. To graze; to cause to be cropped by feeding, as herbage by cattle;
as, if grain is too forward in autumn, feed it with sheep.
Once in three years feed your mowing lands. Mortimer.

6. To give for food, especially to animals; to furnish for
consumption; as, to feed out turnips to the cows; to feed water to a
steam boiler.

7. (Mach.)
(a) To supply (the material to be operated upon) to a machine; as, to
feed paper to a printing press.
(b) To produce progressive operation upon or with (as in wood and
metal working machines, so that the work moves to the cutting tool,
or the tool to the work).

FEED
Feed, v. i.

1. To take food; to eat.
Her kid . . . which I afterwards killed because it would not feed. De
Foe.

2. To subject by eating; to satisfy the appetite; to feed one's self
(upon something); to prey; -- with on or upon.
Leaving thy trunk for crows to feed upon. Shak.

3. To be nourished, strengthened, or satisfied, as if by food. "He
feeds upon the cooling shade." Spenser.

4. To place cattle to feed; to pasture; to graze.
If a man . . . shall put in his beast, and shall feed in anotheEx.
xxii. 5.

FEED
Feed, n.

1. That which is eaten; esp., food for beasts; fodder; pasture; hay;
grain, ground or whole; as, the best feed for sheep.

2. A grazing or pasture ground. Shak.

3. An allowance of provender given to a horse, cow, etc.; a meal; as,
a feed of corn or oats.

4. A meal, or the act of eating. [R.]
For such pleasure till that hour At feed or fountain never had I
found. Milton.

5. The water supplied to steam boilers.

6. (Mach.)
(a) The motion, or act, of carrying forward the stuff to be operated
upon, as cloth to the needle in a sewing machine; or of producing
progressive operation upon any material or object in a machine, as,
in a turning lathe, by moving the cutting tool along or in the work.
(b) The supply of material to a machine, as water to a steam boiler,
coal to a furnace, or grain to a run of stones.
(c) The mechanism by which the action of feeding is produced; a feed
motion. Feed bag, a nose bag containing feed for a horse or mule.
 -- Feed cloth, an apron for leading cotton, wool, or other fiber,
into a machine, as for carding, etc.
 -- Feed door, a door to a furnace, by which to supply coal.
 -- Feed head. (a) A cistern for feeding water by gravity to a steam
boiler. (b) (Founding) An excess of metal above a mold, which serves
to render the casting more compact by its pressure; -- also called a
riser, deadhead, or simply feed or head Knight.
 -- Feed heater. (a) (Steam Engine) A vessel in which the feed water
for the boiler is heated, usually by exhaust steam. (b) A boiler or
kettle in which is heated food for stock.
 -- Feed motion, or Feed gear (Mach.), the train of mechanism that
gives motion to the part that directly produces the feed in a
machine.
 -- Feed pipe, a pipe for supplying the boiler of a steam engine,
etc., with water.
 -- Feed pump, a force pump for supplying water to a steam boiler,
etc.
 -- Feed regulator, a device for graduating the operation of a
feeder. Knight.
 -- Feed screw, in lathes, a long screw employed to impart a regular
motion to a tool rest or tool, or to the work.
 -- Feed water, water supplied to a steam boiler, etc.
 -- Feed wheel (Mach.), a kind of feeder. See Feeder, n., 8.

FEEDER
Feed"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, gives food or supplies nourishment;
steward.
A couple of friends, his chaplain and feeder. Goldsmith.

2. One who furnishes incentives; an encourager. "The feeder of my
riots." Shak.

3. One who eats or feeds; specifically, an animal to be fed or
fattened.
With eager feeding, food doth choke the feeder. Shak.

4. One who fattens cattle for slaughter.

5. A stream that flows into another body of water; a tributary;
specifically (Hydraulic Engin.), a water course which supplies a
canal or reservoir by gravitation or natural flow.

6. A branch railroad, stage line, or the like; a side line which
increases the business of the main line.

7. (Mining)
(a) A small lateral lode falling into the main lode or mineral vein.
Ure.
(b) A strong discharge of gas from a fissure; a blower. Raymond.

8. (Mach.)

Defn: An auxiliary part of a machine which supplies or leads along
the material operated upon.

9. (Steam Engine)

Defn: A device for supplying steam boilers with water as needed.

FEEDING
Feed"ing, n.

1. the act of eating, or of supplying with food; the process of
fattening.

2. That which is eaten; food.

3. That which furnishes or affords food, especially for animals;
pasture land. Feeding bottle. See under Bottle.

FEE-FAW-FUM
Fee`-faw`-fum", n.

Defn: A nonsensical exclamation attributed to giants and ogres;
hence, any expression calculated to impose upon the timid and
ignorant. "Impudent fee-faw-fums." J. H. Newman.

FEEJEE
Fee"jee, a. & n. (Ethnol)

Defn: See Fijian.

FEEL
Feel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Felt; p. pr. & vb. n. Feeling.] Etym: [AS.
f; akin to OS. gif to perceive, D. voelen to feel, OHG. fuolen, G.
fühlen, Icel. falma to grope, and prob. to AS. folm paim of the hand,
L. palma. Cf. Fumble, Palm.]

1. To perceive by the touch; to take cognizance of by means of the
nerves of sensation distributed all over the body, especially by
those of the skin; to have sensation excited by contact of (a thing)
with the body or limbs.
Who feel Those rods of scorpions and those whips of steel. Creecn.

2. To touch; to handle; to examine by touching; as, feel this piece
of silk; hence, to make trial of; to test; often with out.
Come near, . . . that I may feel thee, my son. Gen. xxvii. 21.
He hath this to feel my affection to your honor. Shak.

3. To perceive by the mind; to have a sense of; to experience; to be
affected by; to be sensible of, or sensetive to; as, to feel
pleasure; to feel pain.
Teach me to feel another's woe. Pope.
Whoso keepeth the commandment shall feel no evil thing. Eccl. viii.
5.
He best can paint them who shall feel them most. Pope.
Mankind have felt their strength and made it felt. Byron.

4. To take internal cognizance of; to be conscious of; to have an
inward persuasion of.
For then, and not till then, he felt himself. Shak.

5. To perceive; to observe. [Obs.] Chaucer. To feel the helm (Naut.),
to obey it.

FEEL
Feel, v. i.

1. To have perception by the touch, or by contact of anything with
the nerves of sensation, especially those upon the surface of the
body.

2. To have the sensibilities moved or affected.
[She] feels with the dignity of a Roman matron. Burke.
And mine as man, who feel for all mankind. Pope.

3. To be conscious of an inward impression, state of mind,
persuasion, physical condition, etc.; to perceive one's self to be; -
- followed by an adjective describing the state, etc.; as, to feel
assured, grieved, persuaded.
I then did feel full sick. Shak.

4. To know with feeling; to be conscious; hence, to know certainly or
without misgiving.
Garlands . . . which I feel I am not worthy yet to wear. Shak.

5. To appear to the touch; to give a perception; to produce an
impression by the nerves of sensation; -- followed by an adjective
describing the kind of sensation.
Blind men say black feels rough, and white feels smooth. Dryden.
To feel after, to search for; to seek to find; to seek as a person
groping in the dark. "If haply they might feel after him, and find
him." Acts xvii. 27. - To feel of, to examine by touching.

FEEL
Feel, n.

1. Feeling; perception. [R.]
To intercept and have a more kindly feel of its genial warmth.
Hazlitt.

2. A sensation communicated by touching; impression made upon one who
touches or handles; as, this leather has a greasy feel.
The difference between these two tumors will be distinguished by the
feel. S. Sharp.

FEELER
Feel"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, feels.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the sense organs or certain animals (as insects), which
are used in testing objects by touch and in searching for food; an
antenna; a palp.
Insects . . . perpetually feeling and searching before them with
their feelers or antennæ. Derham.

3. Anything, as a proposal, observation, etc., put forth or thrown
out in order to ascertain the views of others; something tentative.

FEELING
Feel"ing, a.

1. Possessing great sensibility; easily affected or moved; as, a
feeling heart.

2. Expressive of great sensibility; attended by, or evincing,
sensibility; as, he made a feeling representation of his wrongs.

FEELING
Feel"ing, n.

1. The sense by which the mind, through certain nerves of the body,
perceives external objects, or certain states of the body itself;
that one of the five senses which resides in the general nerves of
sensation distributed over the body, especially in its surface; the
sense of touch; nervous sensibility to external objects.
Why was the sight To such a tender ball as the eye confined, . . .
And not, as feeling, through all parts diffused Milton.

2. An act or state of perception by the sense above described; an act
of apprehending any object whatever; an act or state of apprehending
the state of the soul itself; consciousness.
The apprehension of the good Gives but the greater feeling to the
worse. Shak.

3. The capacity of the soul for emotional states; a high degree of
susceptibility to emotions or states of the sensibility not dependent
on the body; as, a man of feeling; a man destitute of feeling.

4. Any state or condition of emotion; the exercise of the capacity
for emotion; any mental state whatever; as, a right or a wrong
feeling in the heart; our angry or kindly feelings; a feeling of
pride or of humility.
A fellow feeling makes one wondrous kind. Garrick.
Tenderness for the feelings of others. Macaulay.

5. That quality of a work of art which embodies the mental emotion of
the artist, and is calculated to affect similarly the spectator.
Fairholt.

Syn.
 -- Sensation; emotion; passion; sentiment; agitation; opinion. See
Emotion, Passion, Sentiment.

FEELINGLY
Feel"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a feeling manner; pathetically; sympathetically.

FEERE
Feere, n. Etym: [See Fere, n.]

Defn: A consort, husband or wife; a companion; a fere. [Obs.]

FEESE
Feese, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. fesien to put to flight, AS. fesian, fysian,
fysan, fr. fus, prompt, willing.]

Defn: the short run before a leap. [Obs.] Nares.

FEET
Feet, n. pl.

Defn: See Foot.

FEET
Feet, n. Etym: [See Feat, n.]

Defn: Fact; performance. [Obs.]

FEETLESS
Feet"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of feet; as, feetless birds.

FEEZE
Feeze, v. t. Etym: [For sense 1, cf. F. visser to screw, vis screw,
or 1st E. feaze, v.t.: for sense 2, see Feese.]

1. To turn, as a screw. [Scot] Jamieson.

2. To beat; to chastise; to humble; to worry. [Obs.] [Written also
feaze, feize, pheese.] Beau. & Fl. To feeze up, to work into a
passion. [Obs.]

FEEZE
Feeze, n.

Defn: Fretful excitement. [Obs.] See Feaze.

FEHLING
Feh"ling, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Fehling's solution, under Solution.

FEHM; FEHMGERICHT
Fehm, n., Fehm"ge*richt`, n.

Defn: Same as Vehm, Vehmgericht.

FEHMIC
Feh"mic, a.

Defn: See Vehmic.

FEIGN
Feign, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Feigned; p. pr. & vb. n. Feigning.] Etym:
[OE. feinen, F. feindre (p. pr. feignant), fr. L. fingere; akin to L.
figura figure,and E. dough. See Dough, and cf. Figure, Faint, Effigy,
Fiction.]

1. To give a mental existence to, as to something not real or actual;
to imagine; to invent; hence, to pretend; to form and relate as if
true.
There are no such things done as thou sayest, but thou feignest them
out of thine own heart. Neh. vi. 8.
The poet Did feign that Orpheus drew trees, stones, and floods. Shak.

2. To represent by a false appearance of; to pretend; to counterfeit;
as, to feign a sickness. Shak.

3. To dissemble; to conceal. [Obs.] Spenser.

FEIGNED
Feigned, a.

Defn: Not real or genuine; pretended; counterfeit; insincere; false.
"A feigned friend." Shak.
Give ear unto my prayer, that goeth not out of feigned lips. Ps.
xvii. 1.
-- Feign"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Feign"ed*ness, n.
Her treacherous sister Judah hath not turned unto me with her whole
heart, but feignedly. Jer. iii. 10.
Feigned issue (Law), an issue produced in a pretended action between
two parties for the purpose of trying before a jury a question of
fact which it becomes necessary to settle in the progress of a cause.
Burill. Bouvier.

FEIGNER
Feign"er, n.

Defn: One who feigns or pretends.

FEIGNING
Feign"ing, a.

Defn: That feigns; insincere; not genuine; false.
 -- Feign"ing*ly, adv.

FEINE
Feine, v. t. & i.

Defn: To feign. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FEINT
Feint, a. Etym: [F. feint, p.p. of feindre to feign. See Feign.]

Defn: Feigned; counterfeit. [Obs.]
Dressed up into any feint appearance of it. Locke.

FEINT
Feint, n. Etym: [F. feinte, fr. feint. See Feint, a.]

1. That which is feigned; an assumed or false appearance; a pretense;
a stratagem; a fetch.
Courtley's letter is but a feint to get off. Spectator.

2. A mock blow or attack on one part when another part is intended to
be struck; -- said of certain movements in fencing, boxing, war, etc.

FEINT
Feint, v. i.

Defn: To make a feint, or mock attack.

FEITSUI
Fei`tsui", n. (Min.)

Defn: The Chinese name for a highly prized variety of pale green
jade. See Jade.

FEIZE
Feize, v. t.

Defn: See Feeze, v. t.

FELANDERS
Fel"an*ders, n. pl.

Defn: See Filanders.

FELDSPAR; FELDSPATH
Feld"spar`, Feld"spath`, n. Etym: [G. feldspath; feld field + spath
spar.] (Min.)

Defn: A name given to a group of minerals, closely related in
crystalline form, and all silicates of alumina with either potash,
soda, lime, or, in one case, baryta. They occur in crystals and
crystalline masses, vitreous in luster, and breaking rather easily in
two directions at right angles to each other, or nearly so. The
colors are usually white or nearly white, flesh-red, bluish, or
greenish.

Note: The group includes the monoclinic (orthoclastic) species
orthoclase or common potash feldspar, and the rare hyalophane or
baryta feldspar; also the triclinic species (called in general
plagioclase) microcline, like orthoclase a potash feldspar; anorthite
or lime feldspar; albite or soda feldspar; also intermediate between
the last two species, labradorite, andesine, oligoclase, containing
both lime and soda in varying amounts. The feldspars are essential
constituents of nearly all crystalline rocks, as granite, gneiss,
mica, slate, most kinds of basalt and trachyte, etc. The
decomposition of feldspar has yielded a large part of the clay of the
soil, also the mineral kaolin, an essential material in the making of
fine pottery. Common feldspar is itself largely used for the same
purpose.

FELDSPATHIC; FELDSPATHOSE
Feld*spath"ic, Feld*spath"ose, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, feldspar.

FELE
Fele, a. Etym: [AS. fela, feola; akin to G. viel, gr. Full, a.]

Defn: Many. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FELICIFY
Felic"ify, v. t. Etym: [L. felix happy = -fy.]

Defn: To make happy; to felicitate. [Obs.] Quarles.

FELICITATE
Fe*lic"i*tate, a. Etym: [L. felicitatus, p.p. of felicitare to
felicitate, fr. felix, -icis, happy. See felicity.]

Defn: Made very happy. [Archaic]
I am alone felicitate In your dear highness' love. Shak.

FELICITATE
Fe*lic"i*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Felicitated; p. pr. & vb. n.
felicitating.] Etym: [Cf. F. féliciter.]

1. To make very happy; to delight.
What a glorius entertainment and pleasure would fill and felicitate
his spirit. I. Watts.

2. To express joy or pleasure to; to wish felicity to; to call or
consider (one's self) happy; to congratulate.
Every true heart must felicitate itself that its lot is cast in this
kingdom. W. Howitt.

Syn.
 -- See Congratulate.

FELICITATION
Fe*lic`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. félicitation.]

Defn: The act of felicitating; a wishing of joy or happiness;
congratulation.

FELICITOUS
Fe*lic"i*tous, a.

Defn: Characterized by felicity; happy; prosperous; delightful;
skilful; successful; happily applied or expressed; appropriate.
Felicitous words and images. M. Arnold.
-- Fe*lic"i*tous*ly, adv.
 -- Fe*lic"i*tous*ness, n.

FELICITY
Fe*lic"i*ty, n.; pl. Felicities. Etym: [OE. felicite, F. félicité,
fr. L. felicitas, fr. felix, -icis, happy, fruitful; akin to fetus.]

1. The state of being happy; blessedness; blissfulness; enjoyment of
good.
Our own felicity we make or find. Johnson.
Finally, after this life, to attain everlasting joy and felicity.
Book of Common Prayer.

2. That which promotes happiness; a successful or gratifying event;
prosperity; blessing.
the felicities of her wonderful reign. Atterbury.

3. A pleasing faculty or accomplishment; as, felicity in painting
portraits, or in writing or talking. "Felicity of expression." Bp.
Warburton.

Syn.
 -- Happiness; bliss; beatitude; blessedness; blissfulness. See
Happiness.

FELINE
Fe"line, a. Etym: [L. felinus, fr. feles, felis, cat, prob. orig.,
the fruitful: cf. F. félin. See Fetus.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Catlike; of or pertaining to the genus Felis, or family Felidæ;
as, the feline race; feline voracity.

2. Characteristic of cats; sly; stealthy; treacherous; as, a feline
nature; feline manners.

FELIS
Fe"lis, n. Etym: [L., cat.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of carnivorous mammals, including the domestic cat, the
lion, tiger, panther, and similar animals.

FELL
Fell,

Defn: imp. of Fall.

FELL
Fell, a. Etym: [OE. fel, OF. fel cruel, fierce, perfidious; cf. AS.
fel (only in comp.) OF. fel, as a noun also accus. felon, is fr. LL.
felo, of unknown origin; cf. Arm fall evil, Ir. feal, Arm. falloni
treachery, Ir. & Gael. feall to betray; or cf. OHG. fillan to flay,
torment, akin to E. fell skin. Cf. Felon.]

1. Cruel; barbarous; inhuman; fierce; savage; ravenous.
While we devise fell tortures for thy faults. Shak.

2. Eager; earnest; intent. [Obs.]
I am so fell to my business. Pepys.

FELL
Fell, n. Etym: [Cf. L. fel gall, bile, or E. fell, a.]

Defn: Gall; anger; melancholy. [Obs.]
Untroubled of vile fear or bitter fell. Spenser.

FELL
Fell, n. Etym: [AS. fell; akin to D. vel, OHG. fel, G. fell, Icel.
fell (in comp.), Goth fill in Þrutsfill leprosy, L. pellis skin, G.
Film, Peel, Pell, n.]

Defn: A skin or hide of a beast with the wool or hair on; a pelt; --
used chiefly in composition, as woolfell.
We are still handling our ewes, and their fells, you know, are
greasy. Shak.

FELL
Fell, n. Etym: [Icel. fell, fjally; akin to Sw. fjäll a ridge or
chain of mountains, Dan. fjeld mountain, rock and prob. to G. fels
rock, or perh. to feld field, E. field.]

1. A barren or rocky hill. T. Gray.

2. A wild field; a moor. Dryton.

FELL
Fell, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Felled; p. pr. & vb. n. Felling.] Etym:
[AS. fellan, a causative verb fr. feallan to fall; akin to D. vellen,
G. fällen, Icel. fella, Sw. fälla, Dan. fælde. See Fall, v. i.]

Defn: To cause to fall; to prostrate; to bring down or to the ground;
to cut down.
Stand, or I'll fell thee down. Shak.

FELL
Fell, n. (Mining)

Defn: The finer portions of ore which go through the meshes, when the
ore is sorted by sifting.

FELL
Fell, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Gael. fill to fold, plait, Sw. fåll a hem.]

Defn: To sew or hem; -- said of seams.

FELL
Fell, n.

1. (Sewing)

Defn: A form of seam joining two pieces of cloth, the edges being
folded together and the stitches taken through both thicknesses.

2. (Weaving)

Defn: The end of a web, formed by the last thread of the weft.

FELLABLE
Fell"a*ble, a.

Defn: Fit to be felled.

FELLAH
Fel"lah, n.; pl. Ar. Fellahin, E. Fellahs. Etym: [Ar.]

Defn: A peasant or cultivator of the soil among the Egyptians,
Syrians, etc. W. M. Thomson.

FELLER
Fell"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, fells, knocks or cuts down; a machine
for felling trees.

FELLER
Fell"er, n.

Defn: An appliance to a sewing machine for felling a seam.

FELLFARE
Fell"fare`, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. fealafor, and E. fieldfare.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fieldfare.

FELLIFLUOUS
Fellif"lu`ous, a. Etym: [L. fellifluus; fel gall + fluere to flow.]

Defn: Flowing with gall. [R.] Johnson.

FELLINIC
Fel*lin"ic, a. Etym: [L. fel, fellis, gall.]

Defn: Of, relating to, or derived from, bile or gall; as, fellinic
acid.

FELLMONGER
Fell"mon`ger, n.

Defn: A dealer in fells or sheepskins, who separates the wool from
the pelts.

FELLNESS
Fell"ness, n. Etym: [See Fell cruel.]

Defn: The quality or state of being fell or cruel; fierce barbarity.
Spenser.

FELLOE
Fel"loe, n.

Defn: See Felly.

FELLON
Fel"lon, n.

Defn: Variant of Felon. [Obs.]
Those two were foes the fellonest on ground. Spenser.

FELLOW
Fel"low, n. Etym: [OE. felawe, felaghe, Icel. felagi, fr. felag
companionship, prop., a laying together of property; fe property +
lag a laying, pl. lög law, akin to liggja to lie. See Fee, and Law,
Lie to be low.]

1. A companion; a comrade; an associate; a partner; a sharer.
The fellows of his crime. Milton.
We are fellows still, Serving alike in sorrow. Shak.
That enormous engine was flanked by two fellows almost of equal
magnitude. Gibbon.

Note: Commonly used of men, but sometimes of women. Judges xi. 37.

2. A man without good breeding or worth; an ignoble or mean man.
Worth makes the man, and want of it, the fellow. Pope.

3. An equal in power, rank, character, etc.
It is impossible that ever Rome Should breed thy fellow. Shak.

4. One of a pair, or of two things used together or suited to each
other; a mate; the male.
When they be but heifers of one year, . . . they are let go to the
fellow and breed. Holland.
This was my glove; here is the fellow of it. Shak.

5. A person; an individual.
She seemed to be a good sort of fellow. Dickens.

6. In the English universities, a scholar who is appointed to a
foundation called a fellowship, which gives a title to certain
perquisites and privileges.

7. In an American college or university, a member of the corporation
which manages its business interests; also, a graduate appointed to a
fellowship, who receives the income of the foundation.

8. A member of a literary or scientific society; as, a Fellow of the
Royal Society.

Note: Fellow is often used in compound words, or adjectively,
signifying associate, companion, or sometimes equal. Usually, such
compounds or phrases are self-explanatory; as, fellow-citizen, or
fellow citizen; fellow-student, or fellow student; fellow-workman, or
fellow workman; fellow-mortal, or fellow mortal; fellow-sufferer;
bedfellow; playfellow; workfellow.
Were the great duke himself here, and would lift up My head to fellow
pomp amongst his nobles. Ford.

FELLOW
Fel"low, v. t.

Defn: To suit with; to pair with; to match. [Obs.] Shak.

FELLOW-COMMONER
Fel"low-com"mon*er, n.

Defn: A student at Cambridge University, England, who commons, or
dines, at the Fellow's table.

FELLOW-CREATURE
Fel"low-crea"ture, n.

Defn: One of the same race or kind; one made by the same Creator.
Reason, by which we are raised above our fellow-creatures, the
brutes. I. Watts.

FELLOWFEEL
Fel"low*feel", v. t.

Defn: To share through sympathy; to participate in. [R.] D. Rodgers.

FELLOW-FEELING
Fel"low-feel"ing, n.

1. Sympathy; a like feeling.

2. Joint interest. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

FELLOWLESS
Fel"low*less, a.

Defn: Without fellow or equal; peerless.
Whose well-built walls are rare and fellowless. Chapman.

FELLOWLIKE
Fel"low*like`, a.

Defn: Like a companion; companionable; on equal terms; sympathetic.
[Obs.] Udall.

FELLOWLY
Fel"low*ly, a.

Defn: Fellowlike. [Obs.] Shak.

FELLOWSHIP
Fel"low*ship, n. Etym: [Fellow + -ship.]

1. The state or relation of being or associate.

2. Companionship of persons on equal and friendly terms; frequent and
familiar intercourse.
In a great town, friends are scattered, so that there is not that
fellowship which is in less neighborhods. Bacon.
Men are made for society and mutual fellowship. Calamy.

3. A state of being together; companionship; partnership;
association; hence, confederation; joint interest.
The great contention of the sea and skies Parted our fellowship.
Shak.
Fellowship in pain divides not smart. Milton.
Fellowship in woe doth woe assuage. Shak.
The goodliest fellowship of famous knights, Whereof this world holds
record. Tennyson.

4. Those associated with one, as in a family, or a society; a
company.
The sorrow of Noah with his fellowship. Chaucer.
With that a joyous fellowship issued Of minstrels. Spenser.

5. (Eng. & Amer. Universities) A foundation for the maintenance, on
certain conditions, of a scholar called a fellow, who usually resides
at the university.

6. (Arith.) The rule for dividing profit and loss among partners; --
called also partnership, company, and distributive proportion.

FELLOWSHIP
Fel"low*ship, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fellowshiped (; p. pr. & vb. n..
Fellowshiping.]

Defn: (Eccl.) To acknowledge as of good standing, or in communion
according to standards of faith and practice; to admit to Christian
fellowship.

FELLOWSHIP; GOOD FELLOWSHIP
Good fel"low*ship

Defn: companionableness; the spirit and disposition befitting
comrades.
There's neither honesty, manhood, nor good fellowship in thee. Shak.

FELLY
Fel"ly

Defn: , adv. In a fell or cruel manner; fiercely; barbarously;
savagely. Spenser.

FELLY
Fel"ly, n.; pl. Fellies (. Etym: [OE. feli, felwe, felow, AS. felg,
felge; akin to D. velg, G. felge, OHG. felga felly (also, a harrow,
but prob. a different word), Dan. felge.]

Defn: The exterior wooden rim, or a segment of the rim, of a wheel,
supported by the spokes. [Written also felloe.]
Break all the spokes and fellies from her wheel. Shak.

FELO-DE-SE
Fe"lo-de-se`, n.; pl. Felos-de-se. Etym: [LL. felo, E. felon + de of,
concerning + se self.] (Law)

Defn: One who deliberately puts an end to his own existence, or loses
his life while engaged in the commission of an unlawful or malicious
act; a suicide. Burrill.

FELON
Fel"on, n. Etym: [OE., adj., cruel, n., villain, ruffian, traitor,
whitlow, F. félon traitor, in OF. also, villain, fr. LL. felo. See
Fell, a.]

1. (Law)

Defn: A person who has committed a felony.

2. A person guilty or capable of heinous crime.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A kind of whitlow; a painful imflammation of the periosteum of
a finger, usually of the last joint.

Syn.
 -- Criminal; convict; malefactor; culprit.

FELON
Fel"on, a.

Defn: Characteristic of a felon; malignant; fierce; malicious; cruel;
traitorous; disloyal.
Vain shows of love to vail his felon hate. Pope.

FELONIOUS
Fe*lo"nious, a.

Defn: Having the quality of felony; malignant; malicious; villainous;
traitorous; perfidious; in a legal sense, done with intent to commit
a crime; as, felonious homicide.
O thievish Night, Why should'st thou, but for some felonious end, In
thy dark lantern thus close up the stars Milton.
-- Fe*lo"ni`ous*ly, adv.
 -- Fe*lo"ni`ous*ness, n.

FELONOUS
Fel"o*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. feloneus. Cf. Felonious.]

Defn: Wicked; felonious. [Obs.] Spenser.

FELONRY
Fel"on*ry, n.

Defn: A body of felons; specifically, the convict population of a
penal colony. Howitt.

FELONWORT
Fel"on*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The bittersweet nightshade (Solanum Dulcamara). See
Bittersweet.

FELONY
Fel"o*ny, n.; pl. Felonies. Etym: [OE. felonie cruelty, OF. felonie,
F. félonie treachery, malice. See Felon, n.]

1. (Feudal Law)

Defn: An act on the part of the vassal which cost him his fee by
forfeiture. Burrill.

2. (O.Eng.Law)

Defn: An offense which occasions a total forfeiture either lands or
goods, or both, at the common law, and to which capital or other
punishment may be added, according to the degree of guilt.

3. A heinous crime; especially, a crime punishable by death or
imprisonment.

Note: Forfeiture for crime having been generally abolished in the
United States, the term felony, in American law, has lost this point
of distinction; and its meaning, where not fixed by statute, is
somewhat vague and undefined; generally, however, it is used to
denote an offense of a high grade, punishable either capitally or by
a term of imprisonment. In Massachusetts, by statute, any crime
punishable by death or imprisonment in the state prison, and no
other, is a felony; so in New York. the tendency now is to obliterate
the distinction between felonies and misdemeanors; and this has been
done partially in England, and completely in some of the States of
the Union. The distinction is purely arbitrary, and its entire
abolition is only a question of time.

Note: There is no lawyer who would undertake to tell what a felony
is, otherwise than by enumerating the various kinds of offenses which
are so called. originally, the word felony had a meaning: it denoted
all offenses the penalty of which included forfeiture of goods; but
subsequent acts of Parliament have declared various offenses to be
felonies, without enjoining that penalty, and have taken away the
penalty from others, which continue, nevertheless, to be called
felonies, insomuch that the acts so called have now no property
whatever in common, save that of being unlawful and purnishable. J.
S. Mill.

FELONY; TO COMPOUND A FELONY
To compound a felony

Defn: . See under Compound, v. t.

FELSITE
Fel"site, n. Etym: [Cf. Feldspar.] (Min.)

Defn: A finegrained rock, flintlike in fracture, consisting
essentially of orthoclase feldspar with occasional grains of quartz.

FELSITIC
Fel*sit"ic, a.

Defn: relating to, composed of, or containing, felsite.

FELSPAR; FELSPATH
Fel"spar`, Fel"spath`, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Feldspar.

FELSPATHIC
Fel*spath"ic, a.

Defn: See Feldspathic.

FELSTONE
Fel"stone`, n. Etym: [From G. feldstein, in analogy with E. felspar.]
(Min.)

Defn: See Felsite.

FELT
Felt,

Defn: imp. & p. p. or a. from Feel.

FELT
Felt, n. Etym: [AS. felt; akin to D. vilt, G. filz, and possibly to
Gr. pilus hair, pileus a felt cap or hat.]

1. A cloth or stuff made of matted fibers of wool, or wool and fur,
fulled or wrought into a compact substance by rolling and pressure,
with lees or size, without spinning or weaving.
It were a delicate stratagem to shoe A troop of horse with felt. Shak
.

2. A hat made of felt. Thynne.

3. A skin or hide; a fell; a pelt. [Obs.]
To know whether sheep are sound or not, see that the felt be loose.
Mortimer.

FELT
Felt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Felted; p. pr. & vb. n. Felting.]

1. To make into felt, or a feltike substance; to cause to adhere and
mat together. Sir M. Hale.

2. To cover with, or as with, felt; as, to felt the cylinder of a
steam emgine.

FELTER
Felt"er, v. t.

Defn: To clot or mat together like felt.
His feltered locks that on his bosom fell. Fairfax.

FELT GRAIN
Felt grain

Defn: , the grain of timber which is transverse to the annular rings
or plates; the direction of the medullary rays in oak and some other
timber. Knight.

FELTING
Felt"ing, n.

1. The material of which felt is made; also, felted cloth; also, the
process by which it is made.

2. The act of splitting timber by the felt grain.

FELTRY
Fel"try, n. Etym: [OF. feltre.]

Defn: See Felt, n. [Obs.]

FELUCCA
Fe*luc"ca (, n. Etym: [It. feluca (cf. Sp. faluca, Pg. falua), fr.
Ar. fulk ship, or harraqah a sort of ship.] (Naut.)

Defn: A small, swift-sailing vessel, propelled by oars and lateen
sails, -- once common in the Mediterranean.

Note: Sometimes it is constructed so that the helm may be used at
either end.

FELWORT
Fel"wort`, n. Etym: [Probably a corruption of fieldwort.] (Bot.)

Defn: A European herb (Swertia perennis) of the Gentian family.

FEMALE
Fe"male, n. Etym: [OE. femel, femal, F. femelle, fr. L. femella, dim.
of femina woman. See Feminine.]

1. An individual of the sex which conceives and brings forth young,
or (in a wider sense) which has an ovary and produces ova.
The male and female of each living thing. Drayton.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant which produces only that kind of reproductive organs
which are capable of developing into fruit after impregnation or
fertilization; a pistillate plant.

FEMALE
Fe"male, a.

1. Belonging to the sex which conceives and gives birth to young, or
(in a wider sense) which produces ova; not male.
As patient as the female dove When that her golden couplets are
disclosed. Shak.

2. Belonging to an individual of the female sex; characteristic of
woman; feminine; as, female tenderness. "Female usurpation.'b8
Milton.
To the generous decision of a female mind, we owe the discovery of
America. Belknap.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Having pistils and no stamens; pistillate; or, in cryptogamous
plants, capable of receiving fertilization.

FEMALE FERN
Female fern (Bot.),

Defn: a common species of fern with large decompound fronds
(Asplenium Filixfæmina), growing in many countries; lady fern.

Note: The names male fern and female fern were anciently given to two
common ferns; but it is now understood that neither has any sexual
character.

Syn.
 -- Female, Feminine. We apply female to the sex or individual, as
opposed to male; also, to the distinctive belongings of women; as,
female dress, female form, female character, etc.; feminine, to
things appropriate to, or affected by, women; as, feminine studies,
employments, accomplishments, etc. "Female applies to sex rather than
gender, and is a physiological rather than a grammatical term.
Feminine applies to gender rather than sex, and is grammatical rather
than physiological." Latham.

FEMALE RHYMES
Female rhymes (Pros.),

Defn: double rhymes, or rhymes (called in French feminine rhymes
because they end in e weak, or feminine) in which two syllables, an
accented and an unaccented one, correspond at the end of each line.

Note: A rhyme, in which the final syllables only agree (strain,
complain) is called a male rhyme; one in which the two final
syllables of each verse agree, the last being short (motion, ocean),
is called female. Brande & C.
 -- Female screw, the spiral-threaded cavity into which another, or
male, screw turns. Nicholson.

FEMALIST
Fe"mal*ist, n.

Defn: A gallant. [Obs.]
Courting her smoothly like a femalist. Marston.

FEMALIZE
Fe"mal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make, or to describe as, female or feminine. Shaftesbury.

FEME
Feme ( or ), n. Etym: [OF. feme, F. femme.] (Old Law)

Defn: A woman. Burrill. Feme covert (Law), a married woman. See
Covert, a., 3.
 -- Feme sole (Law), a single or unmarried woman; a woman who has
never been married, or who has been divorced, or whose husband is
dead.
 -- Feme sole trader or merchant (Eng. Law), a married woman, by the
custom of London, engages in business on her own account, inpendently
of her husband.

FEMERAL
Fem"er*al, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Femerell.

FEMERELL
Fem"er*ell, n. Etym: [OF. fumeraille part of a chimney. See Fume.]
(Arch.)

Defn: A lantern, or louver covering, placed on a roof, for
ventilation or escape of smoke.

FEMINAL
Fem"i*nal, a.

Defn: Feminine. [Obs.] West.

FEMINALITY
Fem`i*nal"i*ty, n.

Defn: Feminity.

FEMINATE
Fem"i*nate, a. Etym: [L. feminatus effeminate.]

Defn: Feminine. [Obs.]

FEMINEITY
Fem`in*e"ity, n. Etym: [L. femineus womanly.]

Defn: Womanliness; femininity. C. Read

FEMININE
Fem"i*nine, a. Etym: [L. femininus, fr. femina woman; prob. akin to
L. fetus, or to Gr. fæmme woman, maid: cf. F. féminin. See Fetus.]

1. Of or pertaining to a woman, or to women; characteristic of a
woman; womanish; womanly.
Her letters are remarkably deficient in feminine ease and grace.
Macaulay.

2. Having the qualities of a woman; becoming or appropriate to the
female sex; as, in a good sense, modest, graceful, affectionate,
confiding; or, in a bad sense, weak, nerveless, timid, pleasure-
loving, effeminate.
Her heavenly form Angelic, but more soft and feminine. Milton.
Ninus being esteemed no man of war at all, but altogether feminine,
and subject to ease and delicacy. Sir W. Raleigh.

FEMININE
Fem"i*nine, n.

1. A woman. [Obs. or Colloq.]
They guide the feminines toward the palace. Hakluyt.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Any one of those words which are the appellations of females,
or which have the terminations usually found in such words; as,
actress, songstress, abbess, executrix.
There are but few true feminines in English. Latham.

FEMININELY
Fem"i*nine*ly, adv.

Defn: In a feminine manner. Byron.

FEMININENESS
Fem"i*nine*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being feminine; womanliness; womanishness.

FEMININE RHYME
Feminine rhyme. (Pros.)

Defn: See Female rhyme, under Female, a.

Syn.
 -- See Female, a.

FEMININITY
Fem`i*nin"i*ty, n.

1. The quality or nature of the female sex; womanliness.

2. The female form. [Obs.]
O serpent under femininitee. Chaucer.

FEMINITY
Fe*min"i*ty, n.

Defn: Womanliness; femininity. [Obs.] "Trained up in true feminity."
Spenser.

FEMINIZATION
Fem`i*ni*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of feminizing, or the state of being feminized.

FEMINIZE
Fem"i*nize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. féminiser.]

Defn: To make womanish or effeminate. Dr. H. More.

FEMINYE
Fem"i*nye, n. Etym: [OF. femenie, feminie, the female sex, realm of
women.]

Defn: The people called Amazons. [Obs.] "[The reign of] feminye."
Chaucer.

FEMME
Femme ( or ), n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A woman. See Feme, n. Femme de chambre. Etym: [F.] A lady's
maid; a chambermaid.

FEMORAL
Fem"o*ral, a. Etym: [L. femur, femoris, thigh: cf. F. fémoral.]

Defn: Pertaining to the femur or thigh; as, the femoral artery.
"Femoral habiliments." Sir W. Scott.

FEMUR
Fe"mur, n.; pl. Femora (. Etym: [L. thigh.] (Anat.)
(a) The thigh bone.
(b) The proximal segment of the hind limb containing the thigh bone;
the thigh. See Coxa.

FEN
Fen, n. Etym: [AS. fen, fenn, marsh, mud, dirt; akin to D. veen,
OFries. fenne, fene, OHG. fenna, G. fenn, Icel. fen, Goth. fani mud.]

Defn: Low land overflowed, or covered wholly or partially with water,
but producing sedge, coarse grasses, or other aquatic plants; boggy
land; moor; marsh.
'Mid reedy fens wide spread. Wordsworth.

Note: Fen is used adjectively with the sense of belonging to, or of
the nature of, a fen or fens. Fen boat, a boat of light draught used
in marshes.
 -- Fen duck (Zoöl.), a wild duck inhabiting fens; the shoveler.
[Prov. Eng.] -- Fen fowl (Zoöl.), any water fowl that frequent fens.
 -- Fen goose (Zoöl.), the graylag goose of Europe. [Prov. Eng.] --
Fen land, swamp land.

FENCE
Fence, n. Etym: [Abbrev. from defence.]

1. That which fends off attack or danger; a defense; a protection; a
cover; security; shield.
Let us be backed with God and with the seas, Which he hath given for
fence impregnable. Shak.
A fence betwixt us and the victor's wrath. Addison.

2. An inclosure about a field or other space, or about any object;
especially, an inclosing structure of wood, iron, or other material,
intended to prevent intrusion from without or straying from within.
Leaps o'er the fence with ease into the fold. Milton.

Note: In England a hedge, ditch, or wall, as well as a structure of
boards, palings, or rails, is called a fence.

3. (Locks)

Defn: A projection on the bolt, which passes through the tumbler
gates in locking and unlocking.

4. Self-defense by the use of the sword; the art and practice of
fencing and sword play; hence, skill in debate and repartee. See
Fencing.
Enjoy your dear wit, and gay rhetoric, That hath so well been taught
her dazzing fence. Milton.
Of dauntless courage and consummate skill in fence. Macaulay.

5. A receiver of stolen goods, or a place where they are received.
[Slang] Mayhew.

FENCE
Fence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fenced ( Fencing.]

1. To fend off danger from; to give security to; to protect; to
guard.
To fence my ear against thy sorceries. Milton.

2. To inclose with a fence or other protection; to secure by an
inclosure.
O thou wall! . . . dive in the earth, And fence not Athens. Shak.
A sheepcote fenced about with olive trees. Shak.
To fence the tables (Scot. Church), to make a solemn address to those
who present themselves to commune at the Lord's supper, on the
feelings appropriate to the service, in order to hinder, so far as
possible, those who are unworthy from approaching the table.
McCheyne.

FENCE
Fence, v. i.

1. To make a defense; to guard one's self of anything, as against an
attack; to give protection or security, as by a fence.
Vice is the more stubborn as well as the more dangerous evil, and
therefore, in the first place, to be fenced against. Locke.

2. To practice the art of attack and defense with the sword or with
the foil, esp. with the smallsword, using the point only.
He will fence with his own shadow. Shak.

3. Hence, to fight or dispute in the manner of fencers, that is, by
thrusting, guarding, parrying, etc.
They fence and push, and, pushing, loudly roar; Their dewlaps and
their sides are batDryden.
As when a billow, blown against, Falls back, the voice with which I
fenced A little ceased, but recommenced. Tennyson.

FENCEFUL
Fence"ful, a.

Defn: Affording defense; defensive. [Obs.] Congreve.

FENCELESS
Fence"less, a.

Defn: Without a fence; uninclosed; open; unguarded; defenseless.
Milton.

FENCE MONTH
Fence month (Forest Law),

Defn: the month in which female deer are fawning, when hunting is
prohibited. Bullokar.
 -- Fence roof, a covering for defense. "They fitted their shields
close to one another in manner of a fence roof." Holland. Fence time,
the breeding time of fish or game, when they should not be killed.
 -- Rail fence, a fence made of rails, sometimes supported by posts.
 -- Ring fence, a fence which encircles a large area, or a whole
estate, within one inclosure.
 -- Worm fence, a zigzag fence composed of rails crossing one another
at their ends; -- called also snake fence, or Virginia rail fence.
 -- To be on the fence, to be undecided or uncommitted in respect to
two opposing parties or policies. [Colloq.]

FENCER
Fen"cer, n.

Defn: One who fences; one who teaches or practices the art of fencing
with sword or foil.
As blunt as the fencer's foils. Shak.

FENCI-BLE
Fen"ci-ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being defended, or of making or affording defense.
[Obs.]
No fort so fencible, nor walls so strong. Spenser.

FENCIBLE
Fen"ci*ble, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A soldier enlisted for home service only; -- usually in the pl.

FENCING
Fen"cing, n.

1. The art or practice of attack and defense with the sword, esp.
with the s,allword. See Fence, v. i., 2.

2. Disputing or debating in a manner resembling the art of fencers.
Shak.

3. The materials used for building fences. [U.S.]

4. The act of building a fence.

5. To aggregate of the fences put up for inclosure or protection; as,
the fencing of a farm.

FEN CRICKET
Fen" crick`et. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The mole cricket. [Prov. Eng.]

FEND
Fend, n.

Defn: A fiend. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FEND
Fend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fended; p. pr. & vb. n. Fending.] Etym:
[Abbrev. fr. defend.]

Defn: To keep off; to prevent from entering or hitting; to ward off;
to shut out; -- often with off; as, to fend off blows.
With fern beneath to fend the bitter cold. Dryden.
To fend off a boat or vessel (Naut.), to prevent its running against
anything with too much violence.

FEND
Fend, v. i.

Defn: To act on the defensive, or in opposition; to resist; to parry;
to shift off.
The dexterous management of terms, and being able to fend . . . with
them, passes for a great part of learning. Locke.

FENDER
Fen"der, n. Etym: [From Fend, v. t. & i., cf. Defender.]

Defn: One who or that which defends or protects by warding off harm;
as:
(a) A screen to prevent coals or sparks of an open fire from escaping
to the floor.
(b) Anything serving as a cushion to lessen the shock when a vessel
comes in contact with another vessel or a wharf.
(c) A screen to protect a carriage from mud thrown off the wheels:
also, a splashboard.
(d) Anything set up to protect an exposed angle, as of a house, from
damage by carriage wheels.

FENDLICHE
Fend"liche, a.

Defn: Fiendlike. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FENERATE
Fen"er*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. faeneratus, p.p. of faenerari lend on
interest, fr. faenus interest.]

Defn: To put money to usury; to lend on interest. [Obs.] Cockeram.

FENERATION
Fen`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. faeneratio.]

Defn: The act of fenerating; interest. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

FENES-TELLA
Fen`es-tel"la, n. Etym: [L., dim. of fenestra (Arch.)

Defn: Any small windowlike opening or recess, esp. one to show the
relics within an altar, or the like.

FENESTRA
Fe*nes"tra, n.; pl. Fenestræ. Etym: [L., a window.] (Anat.)

Defn: A small opening; esp., one of the apertures, closed by
membranes, between the tympanum and internal ear.

FENESTRAL
Fe*nes"tral, a. Etym: [L. fenestra a window.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: Pertaining to a window or to windows.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a fenestra.

FENESTRAL
Fe*nes"tral, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A casement or window sash, closed with cloth or paper instead
of glass. Weale.

FENESTRATE
Fe*nes"trate, a. Etym: [L. fenestratus, p.p. of fenestrare to furnish
with openings and windows.]

1. Having numerous openings; irregularly reticulated; as, fenestrate
membranes; fenestrate fronds.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having transparent spots, as the wings of certain butterflies.

FENESTRATED
Fe*nes"tra*ted, a.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: Having windows; characterized by windows.

2. Same as Fenestrate.

FENESTRATION
Fen`es*tra"tion, n.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: The arrangement and proportioning of windows; -- used by modern
writers for the decorating of an architectural composition by means
of the window (and door) openings, their ornaments, and proportions.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The state or condition of being fenestrated.

FENESTRULE
Fe*nes"trule, n. Etym: [L. fenestrula a little window, dim. of
fenestra a window.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the openings in a fenestrated structure.

FENG-HWANG
Fêng"-hwang`, n. [Chin. feng + 'huang.] (Chinese Myth.)

Defn: A pheasantlike bird of rich plumage and graceful form and
movement, fabled to appear in the land on the accession of a sage to
the throne, or when right principles are about to prevail. It is
often represented on porcelains and other works of art.

FENGITE
Fen"gite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A kind of marble or alabaster, sometimes used for windows on
account of its transparency.

FENG-SHUI
Fêng"-shu`i, n. [Chin. feng wind + shiu water.]

Defn: A system of spirit influences for good and evil believed by the
Chinese to attend the natural features of landscape; also, a kind of
geomancy dealing with these influences, used in determining sites for
graves, houses, etc.

FENIAN
Fe"ni*an, n. Etym: [From the Finians or Fenii, the old militia of
Ireland, who were so called from Fin or Finn, Fionn, or Fingal, a
popular hero of Irish traditional history.]

Defn: A member of a secret organization, consisting mainly of
Irishment, having for its aim the overthrow of English rule in
ireland.

FENIAN
Fe"ni*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Fenians or to Fenianism.

FENIANISM
Fe"ni*an*ism, n.

Defn: The principles, purposes, and methods of the Fenians.

FENKS
Fenks, n.

Defn: The refuse whale blubber, used as a manure, and in the
manufacture of Prussian blue. Ure.

FENNEC
Fen"nec, n. Etym: [Ar. fanek.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, African, foxlike animal (Vulpes zerda) of a pale fawn
color, remarkable for the large size of its ears.

FENNEL
Fen"nel, n. Etym: [AS. fenol, finol, from L. feniculum, faeniculum,
dim. of fenum, faenum, hay: cf. F. fenouil. Cf. Fenugreek. Finochio.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A perennial plant of the genus Fæniculum (F.vulgare), having
very finely divided leaves. It is cultivated in gardens for the
agreeable aromatic flavor of its seeds.
Smell of sweetest fennel. Milton.
A sprig of fennel was in fact the theological smelling bottle of the
tender sex. S. G. Goodrich.
Azorean, or Sweet, fennel, (Fæniculum dulce). It is a smaller and
stouter plant than the common fennel, and is used as a pot herb.
 -- Dog's fennel (Anthemis Cotula), a foul-smelling European weed; --
called also mayweed.
 -- Fennel flower (Bot.), an herb (Nigella) of the Buttercup family,
having leaves finely divided, like those of the fennel. N.Damascena
is common in gardens. N.sativa furnishes the fennel seed, used as a
condiment, etc., in India. These seeds are the "fitches" mentioned in
Isaiah (xxviii. 25).
 -- Fennel water (Med.), the distilled water of fennel seed. It is
stimulant and carminative.
 -- Giant fennel (Ferula communis), has stems full of pith, which, it
is said, were used to carry fire, first, by Prometheus.
 -- Hog's fennel, a European plant (Peucedanum officinale) looking
something like fennel.

FENNISH
Fen"nish, a.

Defn: Abounding in fens; fenny.

FENNY
Fen"ny, a. Etym: [AS. fennig.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or inhabiting, a fen; abounding in fens; swampy;
boggy. "Fenny snake." Shak.

FENOWED
Fen"owed, a. Etym: [AS. fynig musty, fynegean to become musty or
filthy: cf. fennig fenny, muddy, dirty, fr. fen fen. Cf. Finew.]

Defn: Corrupted; decayed; moldy. See Vinnewed. [Obs.] Dr. Favour.

FENSI-BLE
Fen"si-ble, a.

Defn: Fencible. [Obs.] Spenser.

FEN-SUCKED
Fen"-sucked`, a.

Defn: Sucked out of marches. "Fen-sucked fogs." Shak.

FENUGREEK
Fen"u*greek ( or ), n. Etym: [L. faenum Graecum, lit., Greek hay: cf.
F. fenugrec. Cf. Fennel.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (trigonella Foenum Græcum) cultivated for its strong-
smelling seeds, which are "now only used for giving false importance
to horse medicine and damaged hay." J. Smith (Pop. Names of Plants,
1881).

FEOD
Feod, n.

Defn: A feud. See 2d Feud. Blackstone.

FEODAL
Feod"al, a.

Defn: Feudal. See Feudal.

FEODALITY
Feo*dal"i*ty, n.

Defn: Feudal tenure; the feudal system. See Feudality. Burke.

FEODARY
Feod"a*ry, n.

1. An accomplice.
Art thou a feodary for this act Shak.

2. (Eng. Law)

Defn: An ancient officer of the court of wards. Burrill.

FEODATORY
Feod"a*to*ry, n.

Defn: See Feudatory.

FEOFF
Feoff

Defn: , v. t. [imp. & p. p. Feoffed; p. pr. & vb. n.. Feoffing.]
Etym: [OE. feffen, OF. feffer, fieffer, F. fieffer, fr. fief fief;
cf. LL. feoffare, fefare. See Fief.] (Law)

Defn: To invest with a fee or feud; to give or grant a corporeal
hereditament to; to enfeoff.

FEOFF
Feoff, n. (Law)

Defn: A fief. See Fief.

FEOFFEE
Feof*fee", n. Etym: [OF. feoffé.] (Law)

Defn: The person to whom a feoffment is made; the person enfeoffed.

FEOFFMENT
Feoff"ment, n. Etym: [OF. feoffement, fieffement; cf. LL.
feoffamentum.] (Law)
(a) The grant of a feud or fee.
(b) (Eng. Law) A gift or conveyance in fee of land or other corporeal
hereditaments, accompanied by actual delivery of possession. Burrill.
(c) The instrument or deed by which corporeal hereditaments are
conveyed. [Obs. in the U.S., Rare in Eng.]

FEOFOR; FEOFFER
Feo"for, Feof"fer, n. Etym: [OF. feoour.] (Law)

Defn: One who enfeoffs or grants a fee.

FER
Fer, a. & adv.

Defn: Far. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FERACIOUS
Fe*ra"cious, a. Etym: [L. ferax, -acis, fr. ferre to bear.]

Defn: Fruitful; producing abudantly. [R.] Thomson.

FERACITY
Fe*rac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. feracitas.]

Defn: The state of being feracious or fruitful. [Obs.] Beattie.

FERAE
Fe"ræ, n. pl. Etym: [L., wild animals, fem. pl. of ferus wild.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of mammals which formerly included the Carnivora,
Insectivora, Marsupialia, and lemurs, but is now often restricted to
the Carnivora.

FERAE NATURAE
Fe"ræ na*tu"ræ. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Of a wild nature; -- applied to animals, as foxes, wild ducks,
etc., in which no one can claim property.

FERAL
Fe"ral, a. Etym: [L. ferus. See Fierce.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Wild; untamed; ferine; not domesticated; -- said of beasts,
birds, and plants. feral child, not raised by humans

FERAL
Fe"ral, a. Etym: [L. feralis, belonging to the dead.]

Defn: Funereal; deadly; fatal; dangerous. [R.] "Feral accidents."
Burton.

FERDE
Ferde, obs.

Defn: imp. of Fare. Chaucer.

FER-DE-LANCE
Fer`-de-lance", n. Etym: [F., the iron of a lance, lance head.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, venomous serpent (Trigonocephalus lanceolatus) of
Brazil and the West Indies. It is allied to the rattlesnake, but has
no rattle.

FERDING
Fer"ding, n. Etym: [See Farthing.]

Defn: A measure of land mentioned in Domesday Book. It is supposed to
have consisted of a few acres only. [Obs.]

FERDNESS
Ferd"ness, n. Etym: [OE. ferd fear. See Fear.]

Defn: Fearfulness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FERE
Fere, n. Etym: [OE. fere companion, AS. gefera, from feran to go,
travel, faran to travel. sq. root78. See Fare.]

Defn: A mate or companion; -- often used of a wife. [Obs.] [Written
also fear and feere.] Chaucer.
And Cambel took Cambrina to his fere. Spenser.
In fere, together; in company. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FERE
Fere, a. Etym: [Cf. L. ferus wild.]

Defn: Fierce. [Obs.]

FERE
Fere, n. Etym: [See Fire.]

Defn: Fire. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FERE
Fere, n. Etym: [See Fear.]

Defn: Fear. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FERE
Fere, v. t. & i.

Defn: To fear. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FERETORY
Fer`e*to*ry, n. Etym: [L. feretrum bier, Gr. ferre, E. bear to
support.]

Defn: A portable bier or shrine, variously adorned, used for
containing relics of saints. Mollett.

FERFORTH
Fer"forth`, adv.

Defn: Far forth. [Obs.] As ferforth as, as far as.
 -- So ferforth, to such a degree.

FERFORTHLY
Fer"forth`ly, adv.

Defn: Ferforth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FERGUSONITE
Fer"gu*son*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a brownish black color, essentially a tantalo-
niobate of yttrium, erbium, and cerium; -- so called after Robert
Ferguson.

FERIA
Fe"ri*a, n.; pl. Feriæ (. (Eccl.)

Defn: A week day, esp. a day which is neither a festival nor a fast.
Shipley.

FERIAL
Fe"ri*al, n.

Defn: Same as Feria.

FERIAL
Fe"ri*al, a. Etym: [LL. ferialis, fr. L. ferie holidays: cf. F.
férial. See 5th Fair.]

1. Of or pertaining to holidays. [Obs.] J. Gregory.

2. Belonging to any week day, esp. to a day that is neither a
festival nor a fast.

FERIATION
Fe`ri*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. feriari to keep holiday, fr. ferie
holidays.]

Defn: The act of keeping holiday; cessation from work. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

FERIE
Fe"rie, n. Etym: [OF. ferie, fr. L. ferie holidays. See 5th Fair.]

Defn: A holiday. [Obs.] Bullokar.

FERIER
Fe"ri*er, a.

Defn: , compar. of Fere, fierce. [Obs.]
Rhenus ferier than the cataract. Marston.

FERINE
Fe"rine, a. Etym: [L. ferinus, fr. ferus wild. See Fierce.]

Defn: Wild; untamed; savage; as, lions, tigers, wolves, and bears are
ferine beasts. Sir M. Hale.
 -- n.

Defn: A wild beast; a beast of prey.
 -- Fe"rine*ly, adv.
 -- Fe"rine*ness, n.

FERINGEE
Fer*in"gee, n. Etym: [Per. Farangi, or Ar. Firanji, properly, a
Frank.]

Defn: The name given to Europeans by the Hindos. [Written also
Feringhee.]

FERITY
Fer"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. feritas, from ferus wild.]

Defn: Wildness; savageness; fierceness. [Obs.] Woodward.

FERLY
Fer"ly, a. Etym: [AS. f sudden, unexpected. See Fear, n.]

Defn: Singular; wonderful; extraordinary. [Obs.] -- n.

Defn: A wonder; a marvel. [Obs.]
Who hearkened ever such a ferly thing. Chaucer.

FERM; FERME
Ferm, Ferme, n.Etym: [See Farm.]

Defn: Rent for a farm; a farm; also, an abode; a place of residence;
as, he let his land to ferm. [Obs.]
Out of her fleshy ferme fled to the place of pain. Spenser.

FERMACY
Fer"ma*cy, n. Etym: [OE. See Pharmacy.]

Defn: Medicine; pharmacy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FERMENT
Fer"ment, n. Etym: [L. fermentum ferment (in senses 1 & 2), perh. for
fervimentum, fr. fervere to be boiling hot, boil, ferment: cf. F.
ferment. Cf. 1st Barm, Fervent.]

1. That which causes fermentation, as yeast, barm, or fermenting
beer.

Note: Ferments are of two kinds: (a) Formed or organized ferments.
(b) Unorganized or structureless ferments. The latter are also called
soluble or chemical ferments, and enzymes. Ferments of the first
class are as a rule simple microscopic vegetable organisms, and the
fermentations which they engender are due to their growth and
development; as, the acetic ferment, the butyric ferment, etc. See
Fermentation. Ferments of the second class, on the other hand, are
chemical substances, as a rule soluble in glycerin and precipitated
by alcohol. In action they are catalytic and, mainly, hydrolytic.
Good examples are pepsin of the dastric juice, ptyalin of the salvia,
and disease of malt. globular proteins, capable of catalyzing a wide
variety of chemical reactions, not merely hydrolytic. The full set of
enzymes causing production of ethyl alcohol from sugar has been
identified and individually purified and studied. See enzyme

2. Intestine motion; heat; tumult; agitation.
Subdue and cool the ferment of desire. Rogers.
the nation is in a ferment. Walpole.
in a ferment in a state of agitation, applied to human groups.

3. A gentle internal motion of the constituent parts of a fluid;
fermentation. [R.]
Down to the lowest lees the ferment ran. Thomson.
ferment oils, volatile oils produced by the fermentation of plants,
and not originally contained in them. These were the quintessences of
the alchenists. Ure.

FERMENT
Fer*ment", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fermented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fermenting.] Etym: [L. fermentare, fermentatum: cf. F. fermenter. See
Ferment, n.]

Defn: To cause ferment of fermentation in; to set in motion; to
excite internal emotion in; to heat.
Ye vigorous swains! while youth ferments your blood. Pope.

FERMENT
Fer*ment", v. i.

1. To undergo fermentation; to be in motion, or to be excited into
sensible internal motion, as the constituent oarticles of an animal
or vegetable fluid; to work; to effervesce.

2. To be agitated or excited by violent emotions.
But finding no redress, ferment an rage. Milton.
The intellect of the age was a fermenting intellect. De Quincey.

FERMENTABILITY
Fer*ment`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of fermentation.

FERMENTABLE
Fer*ment"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fermentable.]

Defn: Capable of fermentation; as, cider and other vegetable liquors
are fermentable.

FERMENTAL
Fer*ment"al, a.

Defn: Fermentative. [Obs.]

FERMENTATION
Fer`men*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fermentation.]

1. The process of undergoing an effervescent change, as by the action
of yeast; in a wider sense (Physiol. Chem.), the transformation of an
organic substance into new compounds by the action of a ferment,
either formed or unorganized. It differs in kind according to the
nature of the ferment which causes it.

2. A state of agitation or excitement, as of the intellect or the
feelings.
It puts the soul to fermentation and activity. Jer. Taylor.
A univesal fermentation of human thought and faith. C. Kingsley.
Acetous, or Acetic, fermentation, a form of oxidation in which
alcohol is converted into vinegar or acetic acid by the agency of a
specific fungus or ferment (Mycoderma aceti). The process involves
two distinct reactions, in which the oxygen of the air is essential.
An intermediate product, aldehyde, is formed in the first process. 1.
C2H6O + O = H2O + C2H4O

Note: Alcohol. Water. Aldehyde. 2. C2H4O + O = C2H4O2

Note: Aldehyde. Acetic acid.
 -- Alcoholic fermentation, the fermentation which saccharine bodies
undergo when brought in contact with the yeast plant or Torula. The
sugar is converted, either directly or indirectly, into alcohol and
carbonic acid, the rate of action being dependent on the rapidity
with which the Torulæ develop.
 -- Ammoniacal fermentation, the conversion of the urea of the urine
into ammonium carbonate, through the growth of the special urea
ferment. CON2H4 + 2H2O = (NH4)2CO3

Note: Urea. Water. Ammonium carbonate.

Note: Whenever urine is exposed to the air in open vessels for
several days it undergoes this alkaline fermentation.
 -- Butyric fermentation, the decomposition of various forms of
organic matter, through the agency of a peculiar worm-shaped vibrio,
with formation of more or less butyric acid. It is one of the many
forms of fermentation that collectively constitute putrefaction. See
Lactic fermentation.
 -- Fermentation by an unorganized ferment or enzyme. Fermentations
of this class are purely chemical reactions, in which the ferment
acts as a simple catalytic agent. Of this nature are the
decomposition or inversion of cane sugar into levulose and dextrose
by boiling with dilute acids, the conversion of starch into dextrin
and sugar by similar treatment, the conversion of starch into like
products by the action of diastase of malt or ptyalin of saliva, the
conversion of albuminous food into peptones and other like products
by the action of pepsin-hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice or by
the ferment of the pancreatic juice.
 -- Fermentation theory of disease (Biol. & Med.), the theory that
most if not all, infectious or zymotic disease are caused by the
introduction into the organism of the living germs of ferments, or
ferments already developed (organized ferments), by which processes
of fermentation are set up injurious to health. See Germ theory.
 -- Glycerin fermentation, the fermentation which occurs on mixing a
dilute solution of glycerin with a peculiar species of schizomycetes
and some carbonate of lime, and other matter favorable to the growth
of the plant, the glycerin being changed into butyric acid, caproic
acid, butyl, and ethyl alcohol. With another form of bacterium
(Bacillus subtilis) ethyl alcohol and butyric acid are mainly formed.
 -- Lactic fermentation, the transformation of milk sugar or other
saccharine body into lactic acid, as in the souring of milk, through
the agency of a special bacterium (Bacterium lactis of Lister). In
this change the milk sugar, before assuming the form of lactic acid,
presumably passes through the stage of glucose. C12H22O11.H2O =
4C3H6O3

Note: Hydrated milk sugar. Lactic acid.

Note: In the lactic fermentation of dextrose or glucose, the lactic
acid which is formed is very prone to undergo butyric fermentation
after the manner indicated in the following equation: 2C3H6O3 (lactic
acid) = C4H8O2 (butyric acid) + 2CO2 (carbonic acid) + 2H2 (hydrogen
gas).
 -- Putrefactive fermentation. See Putrefaction.

FERMENTATION THEORY
Fer`men*ta"tion the"o*ry. (Med.)

Defn: The theory which likens the course of certain diseases (esp.
infectious diseases) to the process of fermentation, and attributes
them to the organized ferments in the body. It does not differ
materially from the accepted germ theory (which see).

FERMENTATIVE
Fer*ment"a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fermentatif.]

Defn: Causing, or having power to cause, fermentation; produced by
fermentation; fermenting; as, a fermentative process.
 -- Fer*ment"a*tive*ly, adv.
 -- Fer*ment"a*tive*ness, n.

FERMERERE
Fer"mer*ere, n. Etym: [OF. enfermerier, fr. enfermerie infirmary. See
Infirmary.]

Defn: The officer in a religious house who had the care of the
infirmary. [Obs.]

FERMETURE
Fer"me*ture, n. [F., fr. fermer to close.] (Mil.)

Defn: The mechanism for closing the breech of a breech-loading
firearm, in artillery consisting principally of the breechblock,
obturator, and carrier ring.

FERMILLET
Fer"mil*let, n. Etym: [OF., dim. of fermeil, fermail, clasp, prob.
fr. OF. & F. fermer to make fast, fr. ferme fast. See Firm.]

Defn: A buckle or clasp. [Obs.] Donne.

FERN
Fern, adv.

Defn: Long ago. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FERN
Fern, a. Etym: [AS. fyrn.]

Defn: Ancient; old. [Obs.] "Pilgrimages to . . . ferne halwes."
[saints]. Chaucer.

FERN
Fern, n. Etym: [AS. fearn; akin to D. varen, G. farn, farnkraut; cf.
Skr. parna wing, feather, leaf, sort of plant, or Lith. papartis
fern.] (Bot.)

Defn: An order of cryptogamous plants, the Filices, which have their
fructification on the back of the fronds or leaves. They are usually
found in humid soil, sometimes grow epiphytically on trees, and in
tropical climates often attain a gigantic size.

Note: The plants are asexual, and bear clustered sporangia,
containing minute spores, which germinate and form prothalli, on
which are borne the true organs of reproduction. The brake or
bracken, the maidenhair, and the polypody are all well known ferns.
Christmas fern. See under Christmas.
 -- Climbing fern (Bot.), a delicate North American fern (Lygodium
palmatum), which climbs several feet high over bushes, etc., and is
much sought for purposes of decoration.
 -- Fern owl. (Zoöl.) (a) The European goatsucker. (b) The short-
eared owl. [Prov. Eng.] -- Fern shaw, a fern thicket. [Eng.] R.
Browning.

FERNERY
Fern"er*y, n.

Defn: A place for rearing ferns.

FERNTICLE
Fern"ti*cle, n.

Defn: A freckle on the skin, resembling the seed of fern. [Prov.
Eng.]

FERNY
Fern"y, a.

Defn: Abounding in ferns.

FEROCIOUS
Fe*ro"cious, a. Etym: [L. ferox, -ocis, fierce: cf. F. féroce. See
Ferocity.]

Defn: Fierce; savage; wild; indicating cruelty; ravenous; rapacious;
as, ferocious look or features; a ferocious lion.
The humbled power of a ferocious enemy. Lowth.

Syn.
 -- Ferocious, Fierce, Savage, Barbarous. When these words are
applied to human feelings or conduct, ferocious describes the
disposition; fierce, the haste and violence of an act; barbarous, the
coarseness and brutality by which it was marked; savage, the cruel
and unfeeling spirit which it showed. A man is ferocious in his
temper, fierce in his actions, barbarous in the manner of carrying
out his purposes, savage in the spirit and feelings expressed in his
words or deeds.
 -- Fe*ro"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Fe*ro"cious*ness, n.
It [Christianity] has adapted the ferociousness of war. Blair.

FEROCITY
Fe*roc"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. ferocitas, fr. ferox, -ocis, fierce, kin to
ferus wild: cf. F. ferocité. See Fierce.]

Defn: Savage wildness or fierceness; fury; cruelty; as, ferocity of
countenance.
The pride and ferocity of a Highland chief. Macaulay.

FEROHER
Fer*o"her, n. (Archæol.)

Defn: A symbol of the solar deity, found on monuments exhumed in
Babylon, Nineveh, etc.

FEROUS
Fe"rous, a. Etym: [L. ferus. See Fierce.]

Defn: Wild; savage. [R.] Arthur Wilson.

-FEROUS
-fer*ous. Etym: [L. -fer. fr. ferre to bear. See Bear to support.]

Defn: A suffix signifying bearing, producing, yielding; as,
auriferous, yielding gold; chyliferous, producing chyle.

FERRANDINE
Fer*ran"dine ( or ), n. Etym: [F.; cf. OF. ferrant iron-gray, from L.
ferrum iron.]

Defn: A stuff made of silk and wool.
I did buy a colored silk ferrandine. Pepys.

FERRANTI CABLES; FERRANTI MAINS
Fer*ran"ti ca"bles, Fer*ran"ti mains". (Elec.)

Defn: A form of conductor, designed by Ferranti, for currents of high
potential, and consisting of concentric tubes of copper separated by
an insulating material composed of paper saturated with black mineral
wax.

FERRANTI PHENOMENON
Fer*ran"ti phe*nom"e*non. (Elec.)

Defn: An increase in the ratio of transformation of an alternating
current converter, accompanied by other changes in electrical
conditions, occurring when the secondary of the converter is
connected with a condenser of moderate capacity; -- so called because
first observed in connection with the Ferranti cables in London.

FERRARA
Fer*ra"ra, n.

Defn: A sword bearing the mark of one of the Ferrara family of Italy.
These swords were highly esteemed in England and Scotland in the 16th
and 17th centuries.

FERRARESE
Fer`ra*rese", a.

Defn: Pertaining to Ferrara, in Italy.
 -- n., sing. & pl.

Defn: A citizen of Ferrara; collectively, the inhabitants of Ferrara.

FERRARY
Fer"ra*ry, n. Etym: [L. ferraria iron works. See Ferreous.]

Defn: The art of working in iron. [Obs.] Chapman.

FERRATE
Fer"rate, n. Etym: [L. ferrum iron.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of ferric acid.

FERRE; FERRER
Fer"re, Fer"rer, a. & adv. Obs.

Defn: compar. of Fer.

FERREOUS
Fer"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. ferreus, fr. ferrum iron. Cf. Farrier,
Ferrous.]

Defn: Partaking of, made of, or pertaining to, iron; like iron.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

FERREST
Fer"rest, a. & adv. Obs.

Defn: superl. of Fer. Chaucer.

FERRET
Fer"ret, n. Etym: [F. furet, cf. LL. furo; prob. fr. L. fur thief
(cf. Furtive); cf. Arm. fur wise, sly.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal of the Weasel family (Mustela or Putorius furo),
about fourteen inches in length, of a pale yellow or white color,
with red eyes. It is a native of Africa, but has been domesticated in
Europe. Ferrets are used to drive rabbits and rats out of their
holes.

FERRET
Fer"ret, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ferreted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ferreting.]
Etym: [Cf. F. fureter. See Ferret, n.]

Defn: To drive or hunt out of a lurking place, as a ferret does the
cony; to search out by patient and sagacious efforts; -- often used
with out; as, to ferret out a secret.
Master Fer! I'll fer him, and firk him, and ferret him. Shak.

FERRET
Fer"ret, n. Etym: [Ital. foretto, dim. of fiore flower; or F.
fleuret. Cf. Floret.]

Defn: A kind of narrow tape, usually made of woolen; sometimes of
cotton or silk; -- called also ferreting.

FERRET
Fer"ret, n. Etym: [F. feret, dim. or fer iron, L. ferrum.] (Glass
Making)

Defn: The iron used for trying the melted glass to see if is fit to
work, and for shaping the rings at the mouths of bottles.

FERRETER
Fer"ret*er, n.

Defn: One who ferrets. Johnson.

FERRET-EYE
Fer"ret-eye`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The spur-winged goose; -- so called from the red circle around
the eyes.

FERRETTO
Fer*ret"to, n. Etym: [It. ferretto di Spagna, dim. of ferro iron, fr.
L. ferrum.]

Defn: Copper sulphide, used to color glass. Hebert.

FERRI-
Fer"ri- (. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form indicating ferric iron as an ingredient; as,
ferricyanide.

FERRIAGE
Fer"ri*age (; 48), n. Etym: [From Ferry.]

Defn: The price or fare to be paid for passage at a ferry.

FERRIC
Fer"ric, a. Etym: [L. ferrum iron: cf. F. ferrique. See Ferrous.]

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing iron. Specifically
(Chem.), denoting those compounds in which iron has a higher valence
than in the ferrous compounds; as, ferric oxide; ferric acid. Ferric
acid (Chem.), an acid, H2FeO4, which is not known in the free state,
but forms definite salts, analogous to the chromates and sulphates.
 -- Ferric oxide (Chem.), sesquioxide of iron, Fe2O3; hematite. See
Hematite.

FERRICYANATE
Fer`ri*cy"a*nat, n. Etym: [Ferri- + cyanate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of ferricyanic acid; a ferricyanide.

FERRICYANIC
Fer`ri*cy*an"ic, a. Etym: [Ferri- + cyanic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, a ferricyanide. Ferricyanic
acid (Chem.), a brown crystalline substance, H6(CN)12Fe2, obtained
from potassium ferricyanide, and regarded as the type of the
ferricyanides; -- called also hydro-ferricyanic acid, hydrogen
ferricyanide, etc.

FERRICYANIDE
Fer`ri*cy"a*nide (; 104), n. Etym: [Ferri- + cyanide.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a complex series of double cyanides of ferric iron and
some other base. Potassium ferricyanide (Chem.), red prussiate of
potash; a dark, red, crystalline salt, K6(CN)12Fe2, consisting of the
double cyanide of potassium and ferric iron. From it is derived the
ferrous ferricyanate, Turnbull's blue.

FERRIER
Fer"ri*er, n.

Defn: A ferryman. Calthrop.

FERRIFEROUS
Fer*rif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. ferrum iron + -ferous: cf. F.
ferrifère.]

Defn: Producing or yielding iron.

FERRIPRUSSIATE
Fer`ri*prus"si*ate ( or ; see Prussiate, 277), n. Etym: [Ferri- +
prussiate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A ferricyanate; a ferricyanide. [R.]

FERRIPRUSSIC
Fer`ri*prus"sic ( or ; see Prussik, 277), a. Etym: [Ferri- +
prussic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Ferricyanic. [R.]

FERRIS WHEEL
Fer"ris wheel.

Defn: An amusement device consisting of a giant power-driven steel
wheel, revolvable on its stationary axle, and carrying a number of
balanced passenger cars around its rim; -- so called after G. W. G.
Ferris, American engineer, who erected the first of its kind for the
World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893.

FERRO-
Fer"ro- (. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix, or combining form, indicating ferrous iron as an
ingredient; as, ferrocyanide.

FERROCALCITE
Fer`ro*cal"cite, n. Etym: [Ferro- + calcite.]

Defn: Limestone containing a large percentage of iron carbonate, and
hence turning brown on exposure.

FERRO-CONCRETE
Fer"ro-con"crete, n. (Arch. & Engin.)

Defn: Concrete strengthened by a core or foundation skeleton of iron
or steel bars, strips, etc. Floors, columns, piles, water pipes,
etc., have been successfully made of it. Called also armored concrete
steel, and reënforced concrete.

FERROCYANATE
Fer`ro*cy"a*nate, n. Etym: [Ferro- + cyanate: cf. F. ferrocyanate.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A salt of ferrocyanic acid; a ferrocyanide.

FERROCYANIC
Fer`ro*cy*an"ic, a. Etym: [Ferro- + cyanic: cf. F. ferrocyanique.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, a ferrocyanide.
ferrocyanic acid (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, H4(CN)6Fe,
of strong acid properties, obtained from potassium ferrocyanide, and
regarded as the type of the ferrocyanides; -- called also hydro-
ferrocyanic acid, hydrogen ferrocyanide. etc.

FERROCYANIDE
Fer`ro*cy"a*nide ( or ; 104), n. Etym: [Ferro- + cyanide.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of complex double cyanides of ferrous iron and
some other base. Potassium ferrocyanide (Chem.), yellow prussiate of
potash; a tough, yellow, crystalline salt, K4(CN)6Fe, the starting
point in the manufacture of almost all cyanogen compounds, and the
basis of the ferric ferrocyanate, prussian blue. It is obtained by
strongly heating together potash, scrap iron, and animal matter
containing nitrogen, as horn, leather, blood, etc., in iron pots.

FERROPRUSSIATE
Fer`ro*prus"si*ate ( or or; see Prussiate, 277), n. ) Etym: [Ferro- +
prussiate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A ferrocyanate; a ferocyanide. [R.]

FERROPRUSSIC
Fer`ro*prus"sic ( or ; see Prussic, 277), a. Etym: [Ferro- +
prussic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Ferrocyanic.

FERROSO-
Fer*ro"so- (. (Chem.)

Defn: See Ferro-.

FERROTYPE
Fer"ro*type, n. Etym: [L. ferrum iron + -type.]

Defn: A photographic picture taken on an iron plate by a collodion
process; -- familiarly called tintype.

FERROUS
Fer"rous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ferreux. See Ferreous.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, iron; -- especially used of
compounds of iron in which the iron has its lower valence; as,
ferrous sulphate.

FERRUGINATED
Fer*ru"gi*na`ted, a. Etym: [See Ferrugo.]

Defn: Having the color or properties of the rust of iron.

FERRUGINEOUS
Fer`ru*gin"e*ous, a.

Defn: Ferruginous. [R.]

FERRUGINOUS
Fer*ru"gi*nous, a. Etym: [L. ferruginus, ferrugineus, fr. ferrugo, -
ginis, iron rust: cf. F. ferrugineux. See Ferrugo.]

1. Partaking of iron; containing particles of iron. Boyle.

2. Resembling iron rust in appearance or color; brownish red, or
yellowish red.

FERRUGO
Fer*ru"go, n. Etym: [L., iron rust, fr. ferrum iron.]

Defn: A disease of plants caused by fungi, commonly called the rust,
from its resemblance to iron rust in color.

FERRULE
Fer"rule ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [Formerly verrel, F. virole, fr. L.
viriola little bracelet, dim. of viriae, pl., bracelets; prob. akin
to viere to twist, weave, and E. withe. The spelling with f is due to
confusion with L. ferrum iron.]

1. A ring or cap of metal put round a cane, tool, handle, or other
similar object, to strengthen it, or prevent splitting and wearing.

2. (Steam Boilers)

Defn: A bushing for expanding the end of a flue to fasten it tightly
in the tube plate, or for partly filling up its mouth.

FERRUMINATE
Fer*ru"mi*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. ferruminatus, p.p. of ferruminare to
cement, solder, fr. ferrumen cement, fr. ferrum iron.]

Defn: To solder or unite, as metals. [R.] Coleridge.

FERRUMINATION
Fer*ru`mi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. ferruminatio: cf. F. ferrumination.]

Defn: The soldering ir uniting of me [R.] Coleridge.

FERRY
Fer"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ferried; p. pr. & vb. n. Ferrying.] Etym:
[OE. ferien to convey, AS. ferian, from faran to go; akin to Icel.
ferja to ferry, Goth. farjan to sail. See Fare.]

Defn: To carry or transport over a river, strait, or other narrow
water, in a boat.

FERRY
Fer"ry, v. i.

Defn: To pass over water in a boat or by a ferry.
They ferry over this Lethean sound Both to and fro. Milton.

FERRY
Fer"ry, n.; pl. Ferries. Etym: [OE. feri; akin to Icel. ferja, Sw.
färja, Dan. færge, G. fähre. See Ferry, v. t.]

1. A place where persons or things are carried across a river, arm of
the sea, etc., in a ferryboat.
It can pass the ferry backward into light. Milton.
To row me o'er the ferry. Campbell.

2. A vessel in which passengers and goods are conveyed over narrow
waters; a ferryboat; a wherry.

3. A franchise or right to maintain a vessel for carrying passengers
and freight across a river, bay, etc., charging tolls. Ferry bridge,
a ferryboat adapted in its structure for the transfer of railroad
trains across a river or bay.
 -- Ferry railway. See under Railway.

FERRYBOAT
Fer"ry*boat`, n.

Defn: A vessel for conveying passengers, merchandise, etc., across
streams and other narrow waters.

FERRYMAN
Fer"ry*man, n.; pl. Ferrymen (.

Defn: One who maintains or attends a ferry.

FERS
Fers, a.

Defn: Fierce. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FERTHE
Ferthe, a.

Defn: Fourth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FERTILE
Fer"tile ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [L. fertilis, fr. ferr to bear,
produce: cf. F. fertile. See Bear to support.]

1. Producing fruit or vegetation in abundance; fruitful; able to
produce abundantly; prolific; fecund; productive; rich; inventive;
as, fertile land or fields; a fertile mind or imagination.
Though he in a fertile climate dwell. Shak.

2. (Bot.)
(a) Capable of producing fruit; fruit-bearing; as, fertile flowers.
(b) Containing pollen; -- said of anthers.

3. produced in abundance; plenteous; ample.
Henceforth, my early care . . . Shall tend thee, and the fertile
burden ease Of thy full branches. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Fertile, Fruitful. Fertile implies the inherent power of
production; fruitful, the act. The prairies of the West are fertile
by nature, and are turned by cultivation into fruitful fields. The
same distinction prevails when these words are used figuratively. A
man of fertile genius has by nature great readiness of invention; one
whose mind is fruitful has resources of thought and a readiness of
application which enable him to think and act effectively.

FERTILELY
Fer"tile*ly ( or ; 277), adv.

Defn: In a fertile or fruitful manner.

FERTILENESS
fer"tile*ness, n.

Defn: Fertility. Sir P. Sidney.

FERTILITATE
Fer*til"i*tate, v. t.

Defn: To fertilize; to fecundate. Sir T. Browne.

FERTILITY
Fer*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. fertilitas: cf. F. fertilité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being fertile or fruitful;
fruitfulness; productiveness; fecundity; richness; abundance of
resources; fertile invention; quickness; readiness; as, the fertility
of soil, or of imagination. "fertility of resource." E. Everett.
And all her husbandry doth lie on heaps Corrupting in its own
fertility. Shak.
Thy very weeds are beautiful; thy waste More rich than other climes'
fertility. Byron.

FERTILIZATION
Fer`ti*li*za"tion, n.

1. The act or process of rendering fertile.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The act of fecundating or impregnating animal or vegetable
germs; esp., the process by which in flowers the pollen renders the
ovule fertile, or an analogous process in flowerless plants;
fecundation; impregnation. Close fertilization (Bot.), the
fertilization of pistils by pollen derived from the stamens of the
same blossom.
 -- Cross fertilization, fertilization by pollen from some other
blossom. See under Cross, a.

FERTILIZE
Fer"ti*lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fertilized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fertilizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. fertiliser.]

1. To make fertile or enrich; to supply with nourishment for plants;
to make fruitful or productive; as, to fertilize land, soil, ground,
and meadows.
And fertilize the field that each pretends to gain. Byron.

2. To fecundate; as, to fertilize flower. A. R. Wallace.

FERTILIZER
Fer"ti*lizer, n.

1. One who fertilizes; the agent that carries the fertilizing
principle, as a moth to an orchid. A. R. Wallace.

2. That which renders fertile; a general name for commercial manures,
as guano, phosphate of lime, etc.

FERULA
Fer"u*la, n. Etym: [L. ferula giant fennel (its stalks were used in
punishing schoolboys), rod, whip, fr. ferire to strike; akin to OHG.
berjan, Icel. berja. Cf. Ferule.]

1. A ferule. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. The imperial scepter in the Byzantine or Eastern Empire.

FERULACEOUS
Fer`u*la"ceous, a. Etym: [L. ferulaceus, fr. ferula rod: cf. F.
férulacé.]

Defn: Pertaining to reeds and canes; having a stalk like a reed; as,
ferulaceous plants.

FERULAR
Fer"u*lar, n.

Defn: A ferule. [Obs.] Milton.

FERULE
Fer"ule ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [L. ferula: cf. F. férule. See Ferula.]

Defn: A flat piece of wood, used for striking, children, esp. on the
hand, in punishment.

FERULE
Fer"ule, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Feruled; p. pr. & vb. n. Feruling.]

Defn: To punish with a ferule.

FERULIC
Fe*ru"lic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, asafetida (Ferula asafoetida);
as, ferulic acid. [Written also ferulaic.]

FERVENCE
Fer"vence, n.

Defn: Heat; fervency. [Obs.]

FERVENCY
Fer"ven*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. fervence. See Fervent.]

Defn: The state of being fervent or warm; ardor; warmth of feeling or
devotion; eagerness.
When you pray, let it be with attention, with fervency, and with
perseverance. Wake.

FERVENT
Fer"vent, a. Etym: [F. fervent, L. fervens, -entis. p.pr. of fervere
o the boiling hot, to boil, glow.]

1. Hot; glowing; boiling; burning; as, a fervent summer.
The elements shall melt with fervent heat. 2 Pet. iii. 10.

2. Warm in feeling; ardent in temperament; earnest; full of fervor;
zealous; glowing.
Not slothful in business; fervent in spirit. Rom. iii. 11.
So spake the fervent angel. Milton.
A fervent desire to promote the happiness of mankind. Macaulay.
-- Fer"vent*ly, adv.
 -- Fer"vent*ness, n.
Laboring fervently for you in prayers. Col. iv. 12.

FERVESCENT
Fer*ves"cent, a. Etym: [L. fervescens, p.pr. of fervescere to become
boiling hot, incho., fr. fervere. See Fervent.]

Defn: Growing hot.

FERVID
Fer"vid, a. Etym: [L. fervidus, fr. fervere. See Fervent.]

1. Very hot; burning; boiling.
The mounted sun Shot down direct his fervid rays. Milton.

2. Ardent; vehement; zealous.
The fervid wishes, holy fires. Parnell.
-- Fer"vid*ly, adv.
 -- Fer"vid*ness, n.

FERVOR
Fer"vor, n. [Written also fervour.] Etym: [OF. fervor, fervour, F.
ferveur, L. fervor, fr. fervere. See Fervent.]

1. Heat; excessive warmth.
The fevor of ensuing day. Waller.

2. Intensity of feeling or expression; glowing ardor; passion; holy
zeal; earnestness. Hooker.
Winged with fervor of her love. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Fervor, Ardor. Fervor is a boiling heat, and ardor is a burning
heat. Hence, in metaphor, we commonly use fervor and its derivatives
when we conceive of thoughts or emotions under the image of
ebullition, or as pouring themselves forth. Thus we speak of the
fervor of passion, fervid declamation, fervid importunity, fervent
supplication, fervent desires, etc. Ardent is used when we think of
anything as springing from a deepseated glow of soul; as, ardent
friendship, ardent zeal, ardent devotedness; burning with ardor for
the fight.

FESCENNINE
Fes"cen*nine, a. Etym: [L. Fescenninus, fr. Fescennia, a city of
Etruria.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the Fescennines.
 -- n.

Defn: A style of low, scurrilous, obscene poetry originating in
fescennia.

FESCUE
Fes"cue, n. Etym: [OE. festu, OF. festu, F. fétu, fr. L. festuca
stalk, straw.]

1. A straw, wire, stick, etc., used chiefly to point out letters to
children when learning to read. "Pedantic fescue.' Sterne.
To come under the fescue of an imprimatur. Milton.

2. An instrument for playing on the harp; a plectrum. [Obs.] Chapman.

3. The style of a dial. [Obs.]

4. (Bot.)

Defn: A grass of the genus Festuca. Fescue grass (Bot.), a genus of
grasses (Festuca) containing several species of importance in
agriculture. Festuca ovina is sheep's fescue; F. elatior is meadow
fescue.

FESCUE
Fes"cue, v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Fescued; p. pr. & vb. n. Fescuing.]

Defn: To use a fescue, or teach with a fescue. Milton.

FESELS
Fes"els, n. pl. Etym: [Written also fasels.]

Defn: See Phasel. [Obs.] May (Georgics).

FESS; FESSE
Fess, Fesse, n. Etym: [OF. fesse, faisse, F. fasce, fr. L. fascia
band. See Fascia.] (Her.)

Defn: A band drawn horizontally across the center of an escutcheon,
and containing in breadth the third part of it; one of the nine
honorable ordinaries. Fess point (Her.), the exact center of the
escutcheon. See Escutcheon.

FESSITUDE
Fes"si*tude, n. Etym: [L. fessus wearied, fatigued.]

Defn: Weariness. [Obs.] Bailey.

FESSWISE
Fess"wise, adv.

Defn: In the manner of fess.

FEST
Fest, n. Etym: [See Fist.]

Defn: The fist. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FEST; FESTE
Fest, Fes"te, n.

Defn: A feast. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FESTAL
Fes"tal, a. Etym: [L. festum holiday, feast. See feast.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a holiday or a feast; joyous; festive.
You bless with choicer wine the festal day. Francis.

FESTALLY
Fes"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: Joyously; festively; mirthfully.

FESTENNINE
Fes"ten*nine, n.

Defn: A fescennine.

FESTER
Fes"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Festered; p. pr. & vb. n. Festering.]
Etym: [OE. festern, fr. fester, n.; or fr. OF. festrir, fr. festre,
n. See Fester, n.]

1. To generate pus; to become imflamed and suppurate; as, a sore or a
wound festers.
Wounds immedicable Rankle, and fester, and gangrene. Milton.
Unkindness may give a wound that shall bleed and smart, but it is
treachery that makes it fester. South.
Hatred . . . festered in the hearts of the children of the soil.
Macaulay.

2. To be inflamed; to grow virulent, or malignant; to grow in
intensity; to rankle.

FESTER
Fes`ter, v. t.

Defn: To cause to fester or rankle.
For which I burnt in inward, swelt'ring hate, And fstered ranking
malice in my breast. Marston.

FESTER
Fes"ter, n. Etym: [OF. festre, L. fistula a sort of ulcer. Cf.
Fistula.]

1. A small sore which becomes inflamed and discharge corrupt matter;
a pustule.

2. A festering or rankling.
The fester of the chain their necks. I. Taylor.

FESTERMENT
Fes"ter*ment, n.

Defn: A festering. [R.] Chalmers.

FESTEYE
Fest"eye, v. t. Etym: [OF. festier, festeer, F. festoyer.]

Defn: To feast; to entertain. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FESTINATE
Fes"ti*nate, a. Etym: [L. festinatus, p.p. of festinare to hasten.]

Defn: Hasty; hurried. [Obs.] -- Fes"ti*nate*ly, adv. [Obs.] Shak.

FESTINATION
Fes`ti*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. festinatio.]

Defn: Haste; hurry. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

FESTIVAL
Fes"ti*val, a. Etym: [OF. festival, fr. L. festivum festive jollity,
fr. festivus festive, gay. See Festive.]

Defn: Pertaining to a fest; festive; festal; appropriate to a
festival; joyous; mirthful.
I cannot woo in festival terms. Shak.

FESTI-VAL
Fes"ti-val, n.

Defn: A time of feasting or celebration; an anniversary day of joy,
civil or religious.
The morning trumpets festival proclaimed. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Feast; banquet; carousal. See Feast.

FESTIVE
Fes"tive, a. Etym: [L. festivus, fr. festum holiday, feast. See
feast, and cf. Festivous.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or becoming, a feast; festal; joyous; gay;
mirthful; sportive.
 -- Fes"tive*ly, adv.
The glad circle round them yield their souls To festive mirth and wit
that knows no gall. Thomson.

FESTIVITY
Fes*tiv"i*ty, n.; pl. Festivities. Etym: [L. festivitas: cf. F.
festivité.]

1. The condition of being festive; social joy or exhilaration of
spirits at an entertaintment; joyfulness; gayety.
The unrestrained festivity of the rustic youth. Bp. Hurd.

2. A festival; a festive celebration. Sir T. Browne.

FESTIVOUS
Fes"ti*vous, a. Etym: [See Festive.]

Defn: Pertaining to a feast; festive. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

FESTLICH
Fest"lich, a. Etym: [See Feast, n.]

Defn: Festive; fond of festive occasions. [Obs.] "A festlich man."
Chaucer.

FESTOON
Fes*toon", n. Etym: [F. feston (cf. Sp. feston, It. festone), prob.
fr. L. festum festival. See Feast.]

1. A garland or wreath hanging in a depending curve, used in
decoration for festivals, etc.; anything arranged in this way.

2. (Arch. & Sculp.)

Defn: A carved ornament consisting of flowers, and leaves, intermixed
or twisted together, wound with a ribbon, and hanging or depending in
a natural curve. See Illust. of Bucranium.

FESTOON
Fes*toon", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Festooned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Festooning.]

Defn: To form in festoons, or to adorn with festoons.

FESTOONY
Fes*toon"y, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling, festoons. Sir J.
Herschel.

FESTUCINE
Fes*tu*cine ( or ), a. Etym: [L. festula stalk, straw. Cf. Fescue.]

Defn: Of a straw color; greenish yellow. [Obs.]
A little insect of a festucine or pale green. Sir T. Browne.

FESTUCOUS
Fes"tu*cous, a.

Defn: Formed or consisting of straw. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

FESTUE
Fes"tue, n. Etym: [See Fescue.]

Defn: A straw; a fescue. [Obs.] Holland.

FET
Fet, n. Etym: [Cf. feat, F. fait, and It. fett slice, G. fetzen rag,
Icel. fat garment.]

Defn: A piece. [Obs.] Dryton.

FET
Fet, v. t. Etym: [OE. fetten, feten, AS. fetian; akin to AS. fæt a
journey, and to E. foot; cf. G. fassen to seize. sq. root 77. See
Foot, and cf. Fetch.]

Defn: To fetch. [Obs.]
And from the other fifty soon the prisoner fet. Spenser.

FET
Fet, p. p. of Fette.

Defn: Fetched. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FETAL
Fe"tal, a. Etym: [From Fetus.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or connected with, a fetus; as, fetal
circulation; fetal membranes.

FETATION
Fe*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The formation of a fetus in the womb; pregnancy.

FETCH
Fetch (; 224), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fetched 2; p. pr. & vb. n..
Fetching.] Etym: [OE. fecchen, AS. feccan, perh. the same word as
fetian; or cf. facian to wish to get, OFries. faka to prepare. sq.
root 77. Cf. Fet, v. t.]

1. To bear toward the person speaking, or the person or thing from
whose point of view the action is contemplated; to go and bring; to
get.
Time will run back and fetch the age of gold. Milton.
He called to her, and said, Fetch me, I pray thee, a little water in
a vessel, that I may drink. And as she was going to fetch it he
called to her, and said, Bring me, I pray thee, a morsel of bred in
thine hand. 1 Kings xvii. 11, 12.

2. To obtain as price or equivalent; to sell for.
Our native horses were held in small esteem, and fetched low prices.
Macaulay.

3. To recall from a swoon; to revive; -- sometimes with to; as, to
fetch a man to.
Fetching men again when they swoon. Bacon.

4. To reduce; to throw.
The sudden trip in wrestling that fetches a man to the ground. South.

5. To bring to accomplishment; to achieve; to make; to perform, with
certain objects; as, to fetch a compass; to fetch a leap; to fetch a
sigh.
I'll fetch a turn about the garden. Shak.
He fetches his blow quick and sure. South.

6. To bring or get within reach by going; to reach; to arrive at; to
attain; to reach by sailing.
Meantine flew our ships, and straight we fetched The siren's isle.
Chapman.

7. To cause to come; to bring to a particular state.
They could n't fetch the butter in the churn. W. Barnes.
To fetch a compass (Naut.), to make a sircuit; to take a circuitious
route going to a place.
 -- To fetch a pump, to make it draw water by pouring water into the
top and working the handle.
 -- To fetch headway or sternway (Naut.), to move ahead or astern.
 -- To fetch out, to develop. "The skill of the polisher fetches out
the colors [of marble]" Addison.
 -- To fetch up. (a) To overtake. [Obs.] "Says [the hare], I can
fetch up the tortoise when I please." L'Estrange. (b) To stop
suddenly.

FETCH
fetch, v. i.

Defn: To bring one's self; to make headway; to veer; as, to fetch
about; to fetch to windward. Totten. To fetch away (Naut.), to break
loose; to roll slide to leeward.
 -- To fetch and carry, to serve obsequiously, like a trained
spaniel.

FETCH
Fetch, n.

1. A stratagem by which a thing is indirectly brought to pass, or by
which one thing seems intended and another is done; a trick; an
artifice.
Every little fetch of wit and criticism. South.

2. The apparation of a living person; a wraith.
The very fetch and ghost of Mrs. Gamp. Dickens.
Fetch candle, a light seen at night, superstitiously believed to
portend a person's death.

FETCHER
Fetch"er, n.

Defn: One wo fetches or brings.

FETE
Fete, n. Etym: [See feat.]

Defn: A feat. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FETE
Fete, n. pl. Etym: [See Foot.]

Defn: Feet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FETE
Fête, n. Etym: [F. See Feast.]

Defn: A festival. Fête champêtre ( Etym: [F.], a festival or
entertainment in the open air; a rural festival.

FETE
Fête, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fêted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fêting.] Etym: [Cf.
F. fêter.]

Defn: To feast; to honor with a festival.

FETICH; FETISH
Fe"tich, Fe"tish, n.Etym: [F. fétiche, from Pg. feiti, adj., n.,
sorcery, charm, fr. L. facticius made by art, artifical, factitious.
See Factitious.]

1. A material object supposed among certain African tribes to
represent in such a way, or to be so connected with, a supernatural
being, that the possession of it gives to the possessor power to
control that being.

2. Any object to which one is excessively devoted.

FETICHISM; FETISHISM
fe"tich*ism, Fe"tish*ism ( or ); 277), n.Etym: [Cf. F. fétichisme.]
[Written also feticism.]

1. The doctrine or practice of belief in fetiches.

2. Excessive devotion to one object or one idea; abject superstition;
blind adoration.
The real and absolute worship of fire falls into two great divisions,
the first belonging rather to fetichism, the second to polytheism
proper. Tylor.

FETICHIST; FETISHIST
Fe"tich*ist, Fe"tish*ist, n.

Defn: A believer in fetiches.
He was by nature a fetichist. H. Holbeach.

FETICHISTIC; FETISHISTIC
Fe`tich*is"tic, Fe`tish*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or involving, fetichism.
A man of the fifteenth century, inheriting its strange web of belief
and unbelief, of epicurean levity and fetichistic dread. G. Eliot.

FETICIDE
Fe"ti*cide ( or ), n. [Written also foeticide.] Etym: [Fetus + L.
caedere to kill.] (Med. & Law)

Defn: The act of killing the fetus in the womb; the offense of
procuring an abortion.

FETICISM
Fe"ti*cism, n.

Defn: See Fetichism.

FETID
Fet"id ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [L. fetidus, foetidus, fr. fetere,
foetere, to have an ill smell, to stink: cf. F. fétide.]

Defn: Having an offensive smell; stinking.
Most putrefactions . . . smell either fetid or moldy. Bacon.

FETIDITY
Fet*id"i*ty ( or ), n.

Defn: Fetidness.

FETIDNESS
Fet"id*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being fetid.

FETIFEROUS
Fe*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Fetus + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing young, as animals.

FETIS
Fe"tis, a. Etym: [OF. fetis, faitis. Cf. Factitious.]

Defn: Neat; pretty; well made; graceful. [Obs.]
Full fetis was her cloak, as I was ware. Chaucer.

FETISELY
Fe"tise*ly, adv.

Defn: Neatly; gracefully; properly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FETISH; FETISHISM; FETISHIST; FETISHISTIC
Fe"tish, n., Fe"tish*ism, n., Fe"tishist, n., Fe`tish*is"tic (, a.

Defn: See Fetich, n., Fetichism, n., Fetichistic, a.

FETLOCK
Fet"lock, n. Etym: [OE. fetlak, fitlock, cf. Icel. fet pace, step,
fit webbed foot of water birds, akin to E. foot. sq. root 77. See
Foot.]

Defn: The cushionlike projection, bearing a tuft of long hair, on the
back side of the leg above the hoof of the horse and similar animals.
Also, the joint of the limb at this point (between the great pastern
bone and the metacarpus), or the tuft of hair.
Their wounded steeds Fret fetlock deep in gore. Shak.

FETOR
Fe"tor, n. Etym: [L. fetor, foetor. See Fetid.]

Defn: A strong, offensive smell; stench; fetidness. Arbuthnot.

FETTE
Fet"te ( or ), v.t. [imp. Fette, p.p. Fet.] Etym: [See Fet, v. t.]

Defn: To fetch. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FETTER
Fet"ter, n. Etym: [AS. fetor, feter; akin to OS. feter, pl., OD.
veter, OHG. fezzera, Icel. fjöturr, L. pedi, Gr. foot. sq. root 77.
See Foot.] [Chiefly used in the plural, fetters.]

1. A chain or shackle for the feet; a chain by which an animal is
confined by the foot, either made fast or disabled from free and
rapid motion; a bond; a shackle.
[They] bound him with fetters of brass. Judg. xvi. 21.

2. Anything that confines or restrains; a restraint.
Passion's too fierce to be in fetters bound. Dryden.

FETTER
Fet"ter, v. t. Etym: [imp. & p.p. Fettered (n. Fettering.]

Defn: 1. To put fetters upon; to shakle or confine the feet of with a
chain; to bind.
My heels are fettered, but my fist is free. Milton.

2. To reastrain from motion; to impose restrains on; to confine; to
enchain; as, fettered by obligations.
My conscience! thou art fettered More than my shanks and wrists.
Shak.

FETTERED
Fet"tered, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Seeming as if fettered, as the feet pf certain animals which
bend backward, and appear unfit for walking.

FETTERER
Fet"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who fetters. Landor.

FETTERLESS
Fet"ter*less, a.

Defn: Free from fetters. Marston.

FETTLE
Fet"tle, v. t. Etym: [OE. & Prov. E., to fettle (in sense 1), fettle,
n., order, repair, preparation, dress; prob. akin to E. fit. See Fit,
a.]

Defn: 1. To repair; to prepare; to put in order. [Prov. Eng.]
Carlyle.

2. (Metal.)

Defn: To cover or line with a mixture of ore, cinders, etc., as the
hearth of a puddling furnace.

FETTLE
Fet"tle, v. i.

Defn: To make preparations; to put things in order; to do trifling
business. [Prov. Eng.] Bp. Hall.

FETTLE
Fet"tle, n.

Defn: The act of fettling. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. In fine fettle, in
good spirits.

FETTLING
Fet"tling, n.

1. (Metal.)

Defn: A mixture of ore, cinders, etc., used to line the hearth of a
puddling furnace. [Eng.] [It is commonly called fix in the United
States.]

2. (Pottery)

Defn: The operation of shaving or smoothing the surface of undried
clay ware.

FETUOUS
Fet"u*ous, a.

Defn: Neat; feat. [Obs.] Herrick.

FETUS
Fe"tus, n.; pl. Fetuses. Etym: [L. fetus, foetus, a bringing forth,
brood, offspring, young ones, cf. fetus fruitful, fructified, that is
or was filled with young; akin to E. fawn a deer, fecundity,
felicity, feminine, female, and prob. to do, or according to others,
to be.]

Defn: The young or embryo of an animal in the womb, or in the egg;
often restricted to the later stages in the development of viviparous
and oviparous animals, embryo being applied to the earlier stages.
[Written also foetus.]

FETWAH
Fet"wah, n. Etym: [Ar.]

Defn: A written decision of a Turkish mufti on some point of law.
Whitworth.

FEU
Feu, n. Etym: [See 2d Feud, and Fee.] (Scots Law)

Defn: A free and gratuitous right to lands made to one for service to
be performed by him; a tenure where the vassal, in place of military
services, makes a return in grain or in money. Burrill.

FEUAR
Feu"ar, n. Etym: [From Feu.] (Scots Law)

Defn: One who holds a feu. Sir W. Scott.

FEUD
Feud, n. Etym: [OE. feide, AS. f, fr. fah hostile; akin to OHG. f, G.
fehde, Sw. fejd, D. feide; prob. akin to E. fiend. See Foe.]

1. A combination of kindred to avenge injuries or affronts, done or
offered to any of their blood, on the offender and all his race.

2. A contention or quarrel; especially, an inveterate strife between
families, clans, or parties; deadly hatred; contention satisfied only
by bloodshed.
Mutual feuds and battles betwixt their several tribes and kindreds.
Purchas.

Syn.
 -- Affray; fray; broil; contest; dispute; strife.

FEUD
Feud, n. Etym: [LL. feudum, feodum prob. of same origin as E. fief.
See Fief, Fee.] (Law)

Defn: A stipendiary estate in land, held of superior, by service; the
right which a vassal or tenant had to the lands or other immovable
thing of his lord, to use the same and take the profists thereof
hereditarily, rendering to his superior such duties and services as
belong to military tenure, etc., the property of the soil always
remaining in the lord or superior; a fief; a fee.

FEUDAL
Feu"dal, a. Etym: [F. féodal, or LL. feudalis.]

1. Of or pertaining to feuds, fiefs, or feels; as, feudal rights or
services; feudal tenures.

2. Consisting of, or founded upon, feuds or fiefs; embracing tenures
by military services; as, the feudal system.

FEUDALISM
Feu"dal*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. féodalisme.]

Defn: The feudal system; a system by which the holding of estates in
land is made dependent upon an obligation to render military service
to the kind or feudal superior; feudal principles and usages.

FEUDALIST
Feu"dal*ist, n.

Defn: An upholder of feudalism.

FEUDALITY
Feu*dal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. féodalité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being feudal; feudal form or
constitution. Burke.

FEUDALIZATION
Feu*dal*i*za/tion, n.

Defn: The act of reducing to feudal tenure.

FEUDALIZE
Feu"dal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Feudalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Feudalizing.]

Defn: To reduce toa feudal tenure; to conform to feudalism.

FEUDALLY
Feu"dal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a feudal manner.

FEUDARY
Feu"da*ry, a. Etym: [LL. feudarius, fr. feudum. See 2d Feud.]

Defn: Held by, or pertaining to, feudal tenure.

FEUDARY
Feu"da*ry, n.

1. A tenant who holds his lands by feudal service; a feudatory. Foxe.

2. A feodary. See Feodary.

FEUDATARY
Feu"da*ta*ry, a. & n. Etym: [LL. feudatarius: cf. F. feudataire.]

Defn: See Feudatory.

FEUDATORY
Feu"da*to*ry, n.; pl. Feudatories (.

Defn: A tenant or vassal who held his lands of a superior on
condition of feudal service; the tenant of a feud or fief.
The grantee . . . was styled the feudatory or vassal. Blackstone.
[He] had for feudatories great princes. J. H. Newman.

FEUDATORY
Feu"da*to*ry, a.

Defn: Held from another on some conditional tenure; as, a feudatory
title. Bacon.

FEU DE JOIE
Feu` de joie". Etym: [F., lit., fire of joy.]

Defn: A fire kindled in a public place in token of joy; a bonfire; a
firing of guns in token of joy.

FEUDIST
Feud"ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. feudiste.]

Defn: A writer on feuds; a person versed in feudal law. Spelman.

FEUILLANTS
Feu`illants", n. pl.

Defn: A reformed branch of the Bernardines, founded in 1577 at
Feuillans, near Toulouse, in France.

FEUILLEMORT
Feuille"mort`, a. Etym: [F. feuille morte a dead leaf.]

Defn: Having the color of a faded leaf. Locke.

FEUILLETON
Feu`ille*ton" ( or ), n. Etym: [F., from feulle leaf.]

Defn: A part of a French newspaper (usually the bottom of the page),
devoted to light literature, criticism, etc.; also, the article or
tale itself, thus printed.

FEUILLTONIST
Feuill"ton*ist, n. Etym: [F. feuilletoniste.]

Defn: A writer of feuilletons. F. Harrison.

FEUTER
feu"ter (, v. t. Etym: [OE. feutre rest for a lance, OF. feutre,
fautre, feltre, felt, cushion, rest for a lance, fr. LL. filtrum,
feltrum; of German origin, and akin to E. felt. See Felt, and cf.
Filter.]

Defn: To set close; to fix in rest, as a spear. Spenser.

FEUTERER
Feu"ter*er, n. Etym: [Either fr. G. fütterer feeder, or corrupted fr.
OF. vautrier, vaultrier; fr. vaultre, viautre, a kind of hound, fr.
L. vertragus, vertraga, a greyhound. The last is of Celtic origin.]

Defn: A dog keeper. [Obs.] Massinger.

FEVER
Fe"ver, n. Etym: [OE. fever, fefer, AS. fefer, fefor, L. febris: cf.
F. fièvre. Cf. Febrile.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A diseased state of the system, marked by increased heat,
acceleration of the pulse, and a general derangement of the
functions, including usually, thirst and loss of appetite. Many
diseases, of which fever is the most prominent symptom, are
denominated fevers; as, typhoid fever; yellow fever.

Note: Remitting fevers subside or abate at intervals; intermitting
fevers intermit or entirely cease at intervals; continued or
continual fevers neither remit nor intermit.

2. Excessive excitement of the passions in consequence of strong
emotion; a condition of great excitement; as, this quarrel has set my
blood in a fever.
An envious fever Of pale and bloodless emulation. Shak.
After life's fitful fever he sleeps well. Shak.
Brain fever, Continued fever, etc. See under Brain, Continued, etc.
 -- Fever and ague, a form of fever recurring in paroxysms which are
preceded by chills. It is of malarial origin.
 -- Fever blister (Med.), a blister or vesicle often found about the
mouth in febrile states; a variety of herpes.
 -- Fever bush (Bot.), the wild allspice or spice bush. See
Spicewood.
 -- Fever powder. Same as Jame's powder.
 -- Fever root (Bot.), an American herb of the genus Triosteum (T.
perfoliatum); -- called also feverwort amd horse gentian.
 -- Fever sore, a carious ulcer or necrosis. Miner.

FEVER
Fe"ver, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fevered; p. pr. & vb. n. Fevering.]

Defn: To put into a fever; to affect with fever; as, a fevered lip.
[R.]
The white hand of a lady fever thee. Shak.

FEVERET
Fe"ver*et, n.

Defn: A slight fever. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

FEVERFEW
Fe"ver*few, n. Etym: [AS. feferfuge, fr. L. febrifugia. See fever,
Fugitive, and cf. Febrifuge.] (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial plant (Pyrethrum, or Chrysanthemum, Parthenium)
allied to camomile, having finely divided leaves and white blossoms;
-- so named from its supposed febrifugal qualities.

FEVERISH
Fe"ver*ish, a.

1. Having a fever; suffering from, or affected with, a moderate
degree of fever; showing increased heat and thirst; as, the patient
is feverish.

2. Indicating, or pertaining to, fever; characteristic of a fever;
as, feverish symptoms.

3. Hot; sultry. "The feverish north." Dryden.

4. Disordered as by fever; excited; restless; as, the feverish
condition of the commercial world.
Strive to keep up a frail and feverish bing. Milton.
-- Fe"ver*ish*ly, adv.
 -- Fe"ver*ish*ness, n.

FEVEROUS
Fe"ver*ous, a. Etym: [Cf.F. fiévreux.]

1. Affected with fever or ague; feverish.
His heart, love's feverous citadel. Keats.

2. Pertaining to, or having the nature of, fever; as, a feverous
pulse.
All maladies . . . all feverous kinds. Milton.

3. Having the tendency to produce fever; as, a feverous disposition
of the year. [R.] Bacon.

FEVEROUSLY
Fe"ver*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Feverishly. [Obs.] Donne.

FEVERWORT
Fe"ver*wort`, n.

Defn: See Fever root, under Fever.

FEVERY
Fe"ver*y, a.

Defn: Feverish. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

FEW
Few, a. [Compar. Fewer; superl. Fewest.] Etym: [OE. fewe, feawe, AS.
feá, pl. feáwe; akin to OS. fah, OHG. f*, Icel. far, Sw. få, pl.,
Dan. faa, pl., Goth. faus, L. paucus, cf. Gr. Paucity.]

Defn: Not many; small, limited, or confined in number; -- indicating
a small portion of units or individuals constituing a whole; often,
by ellipsis of a noun, a few people. "Are not my days few" Job x. 20.
Few know and fewer care. Proverb.

Note: Few is often used partitively; as, few of them. A few, a small
number.
 -- In few, in a few words; briefly. Shak. - No few, not few; more
than a few; many. Cowper. - The few, the minority; -- opposed to the
many or the majority.

FEWEL
Fe"wel, n. Etym: [See Fuel.]

Defn: Fuel. [Obs.] Hooker.

FEWMET
Few"met, n.

Defn: See Fumet. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

FEWNESS
Few"ness, n.

1. The state of being few; smallness of number; paucity. Shak.

2. Brevity; conciseness. [Obs.] Shak.

FEY
Fey, a. Etym: [AS. f, Icel. feigr, OHG. feigi.]

Defn: Fated; doomed. [Old Eng. & Scot.]

FEY
Fey, n. Etym: [See Fay faith.]

Defn: Faith. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FEY
Fey, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Feague.]

Defn: To cleanse; to clean out. [Obs.] Tusser.

FEYNE
Feyne, v. t.

Defn: To feign. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FEYRE
Feyre, n.

Defn: A fair or market. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FEZ
Fez, n. Etym: [F., fr. the town of Fez in Morocco.]

Defn: A felt or cloth cap, usually red and having a tassel, -- a
variety of the tarboosh. See Tarboosh. B. Taylor.

FIACRE
Fia"cre, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A kind of French hackney coach.

FIANCE
Fi"ance, v. t. Etym: [F. fiancer. See Affiance.]

Defn: To betroth; to affiance. [Obs.] Harmar.

FIANCE
Fi`an`cé", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A betrothed man.

FIANCEE
Fi`an`cée", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A betrothed woman.

FIANTS
Fi"ants, n. Etym: [F. fiente dung.]

Defn: The dung of the fox, wolf, boar, or badger.

FIAR
Fi"ar ( or ), n. Etym: [See Feuar.]

1. (Scots Law)

Defn: One in whom the property of an estate is vested, subject to the
estate of a life renter.
I am fiar of the lands; she a life renter. Sir W. Scott.

2. pl.

Defn: The price of grain, as legally fixed, in the counties of
Scotland, for the current year.

FIASCO
Fi*as"co, n.; pl. Fiascoes. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A complete or ridiculous failure, esp. of a musical
performance, or of any pretentious undertaking.

FIAT
Fi"at, n. Etym: [L., let it be done, 3d pers. sing., subj. pres., fr.
fieri, used as pass. of facere to make. Cf. Be.]

1. An authoritative command or order to do something; an effectual
decree.
His fiat laid the corner stone. Willis.

2. (Eng. Law)
(a) A warrant of a judge for certain processes.
(b) An authority for certain proceedings given by the Lord
Chancellor's signature. Fiat money, irredeemable paper currency, not
resting on a specie basis, but deriving its purchasing power from the
declaratory fiat of the government issuing it.

FIAUNT
Fi*aunt", n.

Defn: Commission; fiat; order; decree. [Obs.] Spenser.

FIB
Fib, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. fable; cf. Prov. E. fibble-fabble nonsense.]

Defn: A falsehood; a lie; -- used euphemistically.
They are very serious; they don't tell fibs. H. James.

FIB
Fib, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fibbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Fibbing.]

Defn: To speak falsely. [Colloq.]

FIB
Fib, v. t.

Defn: To tell a fib to. [R.] De Quincey.

FIBBER
Fib"ber, n.

Defn: One who tells fibs.

FIBER; FIBRE
Fi"ber, Fi"bre, (, n. Etym: [F. fibre, L. fibra.]

1. One of the delicate, threadlike portions of which the tissues of
plants and animals are in part constituted; as, the fiber of flax or
of muscle.

2. Any fine, slender thread, or threadlike substance; as, a fiber of
spun glass; especially, one of the slender rootlets of a plant.

3. Sinew; strength; toughness; as, a man of real fiber.
Yet had no fibers in him, nor no force. Chapman.

4. A general name for the raw material, such as cotton, flax, hemp,
etc., used in textile manufactures. Fiber gun, a kind of steam gun
for converting, wood, straw, etc., into fiber. The material is shut
up in the gun with steam, air, or gas at a very high pressure which
is afterward relieved suddenly by letting a lid at the muzzle fly
open, when the rapid expansion separates the fibers.
 -- Fiber plants (Bot.), plants capable of yielding fiber useful in
the arts, as hemp, flax, ramie, agave, etc.

FIBERED; FIBRED
Fi"bered, Fi"bred, a.

Defn: Having fibers; made up of fibers.

FIBER-FACED; FIBRE-FACED
Fi"ber-faced`, Fi"bre-faced`, a.

Defn: Having a visible fiber embodied in the surface of; -- applied
esp. to a kind of paper for checks, drafts, etc.

FIBERLESS; FIBRELESS
Fi"ber*less, Fi"bre*less, a.

Defn: Having no fibers; destitute of fibers or fiber.

FIBRIFORM
Fi"bri*form ( or ), a. Etym: [L. fibra a fiber + -form.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having the form of a fiber or fibers; resembling a fiber.

FIBRIL
Fi"bril, n. Etym: [F. fibrille, dim. of fibre, L. fibra.]

Defn: A small fiber; the branch of a fiber; a very slender thread; a
fibrilla. Cheyne.

FIBRILLA
Fi*bril"la, n.; pl. FibrillÆ. Etym: [NL. See Fibril.]

Defn: A minute thread of fiber, as one of the fibrous elements of a
muscular fiber; a fibril.

FIBRILLAR
Fi"bril*lar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to fibrils or fibers; as, fibrillar
twitchings.

FIBRILLARY
Fi"bril*la*ry ( or ), a.

Defn: Of of pertaining to fibrils.

FIBRILLATED
Fi"bril*la`ted ( or ), a.

Defn: Furnished with fibrils; fringed.

FIBRILLATION
Fi`bril*la"tion, n.

Defn: The state of being reduced to fibers. Carpenter.

FIBRILLOSE
Fi*bril"lose ( or ), a.

Defn: Covered with hairlike appendages, as the under surface of some
lichens; also, composed of little strings or fibers; as, fibrillose
appendages.

FIBRILLOUS
Fi*bril"lous ( or ), a. Etym: [Cf. F. fibraleux.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or composed of, fibers.

FIBRIN
Fi"brin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fibrine. See Fiber.] (Physiol. Chem.)

1. A white, albuminous, fibrous substance, formed in the coagulation
of the blood either by decomposition of fibrinogen, or from the union
of fibrinogen and paraglobulin which exist separately in the blood.
It is insoluble in water, but is readily digestible in gastric and
pancreatic juice.

2. The white, albuminous mass remaining after washing lean beef or
other meat with water until all coloring matter is removed; the
fibrous portion of the muscle tissue; flesh fibrin.

3. An albuminous body, resembling animal fibrin in composition, found
in cereal grains and similar seeds; vegetable fibrin. Fibrin factors
(Physiol.), the albuminous bodies, paraglobulin and fibrinigen in the
blood, which, by the action of the fibrin ferment, are changed into
fibrin, in coagulation.
 -- Fibrin ferment (Physiol. Chem.), a ferment which makes its
appearance in the blood shortly after it is shed, and is supposed to
be the active agent in causing coagulation of the blood, with
formation of fibrin.

FIBRINATION
Fi`bri*na"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: The state of acquiring or having an excess of fibrin.

FIBRINE
Fi"brine, a.

Defn: Belonging to the fibers of plants.

FIBRINOGEN
Fi*brin"o*gen, n. Etym: [Fibrin + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An albuminous substance existing in the blood, and in other
animal fluids, which either alone or with fibrinoplastin or
paraglobulin forms fibrin, and thus causes coagulation.

FIBRINOGENOUS
Fi`bri*nog"e*nous, a. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Possessed of properties similar to fibrinogen; capable of
forming fibrin.

FIBRINOPLASTIC
Fi`bri*no*plas"tic, a. (Physiol.Chem.)

Defn: Like fibrinoplastin; capable of forming fibrin when brought in
contact with fibrinogen.

FIBRINOPLASTIN
Fi`bri*no*plas"tin, n. Etym: [Fibrin + Gr. (Physiol.Chem.)

Defn: An albuminous substance, existing in the blood, which in
combination with fibrinogen forms fibrin; -- called also
paraglobulin.

FIBRINOUS
Fi"bri*nous ( or ; 277), a.

Defn: Having, or partaking of the properties of, fibrin; as, fibrious
exudation.

FIBROCARTILAGE
Fi`bro*car"ti*lage, n. Etym: [L. fibra a fiber + E. cartilage.]
(Anat.)

Defn: A kind of cartilage with a fibrous matrix and approaching
fibrous connective tissue in structure.
 -- Fi`bro*car`ti*lag"i*nous, a.

FIBROCHONDROSTEAL
Fi`bro*chon*dros"te*al, a. Etym: [L. fibra a fiber + gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Partly fibrous, partly cartilaginous, and partly osseous. St.
George Mivart.

FIBROID
Fi"broid, a. Etym: [L. fibra a fiber + -oid.] (Med.)

Defn: Resembling or forming fibrous tissue; made up of fibers; as,
fibroid tumors.
 -- n.

Defn: A fibroid tumor; a fibroma. Fibroid degeneration, a form of
degeneration in which organs or tissues are converted into fibroid
tissue.
 -- Fibroid phthists, a form of pulmonary consumption associated with
the formation of fibrous tissue in the lungs, and the gradual atrophy
of the lungs, from the pressure due to the contraction of this
tissue.

FIBROIN
Fi"bro*in ( or ), n. Etym: [L. fibra a fiber.] (Chem.)

Defn: A variety of gelatin; the chief ingredient of raw silk,
extracted as a white amorphous mass.

FIBROLITE
Fi"bro*lite ( or ), n. Etym: [L. fibra a fiber + -lite: cf. F.
fibrolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A silicate of alumina, of fibrous or columnar structure. It is
like andalusite in composition; -- called also sillimanite, and
bucholizite.

FIBROMA
Fi*bro"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Fiber, and -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A tumor consisting mainly of fibrous tissue, or of same
modification of such tissue.

FIBROSPONGIAE
Fi`bro*spon"gi*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. fibra a fiber + spongia a
sponge.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of sponges having a fibrous skeleton, including the
commercial sponges.

FIBROUS
Fi"brous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fibreux.]

Defn: Containing, or consisting of, fibers; as, the fibrous coat of
the cocoanut; the fibrous roots of grasses.
 -- Fi"brous*ness, n.

FIBROVASCULAR
Fi`bro*vas"cu*lar, a. Etym: [L. fibra a fiber + E. vascular.] (Bot.)

Defn: Containing woody fiber and ducts, as the stems of all flowering
plants and ferns; -- opposed to cellular.

FIBSTER
Fib"ster, n.

Defn: One who tells fibs. [Jocular]

FIBULA
Fib"u*la, n.; pl. FibulÆ. Etym: [L., clasp, buckle.]

1. A brooch, clasp, or buckle.
Mere fibulæ, without a robe to clasp. Wordsworth.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The outer and usually the smaller of the two bones of the leg,
or hind limb, below the knee.

3. (Surg.)

Defn: A needle for sewing up wounds.

FIBU-LAR
Fib"u-lar, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the fibula.

FIBULARE
Fib`u*la"re, n.; pl. Fibularia. Etym: [NL. See Fibula.] (Anat.)

Defn: The bone or cartilage of the tarsus, which articulates with the
fibula, and corresponds to the calcaneum in man and most mammals.

FICE
Fice, n.

Defn: A small dog; -- written also fise, fyce, fiste, etc. [Southern
U.S.]

FICHE
Fi*ché, a. (Her.)

Defn: See FitchÉ.

FICHTELITE
Fich"tel*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A white crystallized mineral resin from the Fichtelgebirge,
Bavaria.

FICHU
Fich"u, n. Etym: [F., neckerchief.]

Defn: A light cape, usually of lace, worn by women, to cover the neck
and throat, and extending to the shoulders.

FICKLE
Fic"kle, a. Etym: [OE. fikel untrustworthy, deceitful, AS. ficol, fr.
fic, gefic, fraud, deceit; cf. facen deceit, OS. f, OHG. feichan,
Icel. feikn portent. Cf. Fidget.]

Defn: Not fixed or firm; liable to change; unstable; of a changeable
mind; not firm in opinion or purpose; inconstant; capricious; as,
Fortune's fickle wheel. Shak.
They know how fickle common lovers are. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Wavering; irresolute; unsettled; vacillating; unstable;
inconsonant; unsteady; variable; mutable; changeful; capricious;
veering; shifting.

FICKLENESS
Fic"kle*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being fickle; instability; inconsonancy. Shak.

FICKLY
Fic"kly, adv.

Defn: In a fickle manner. [Obs.] Pepys.

FICO
Fi"co, n.; pl. Ficoes. Etym: [It., a fig, fr. L.ficus. See Fig.]

Defn: A fig; an insignificant trifle, no more than the snap of one's
thumb; a sign of contempt made by the fingers, expressing. A fig for
you.
Steal! foh, a fico for the phrase. Shak.

FICTILE
Fic"tile, a. Etym: [L. fictilis. See Fiction.]

Defn: Molded, or capable of being molded, into form by art; relating
to pottery or to molding in any soft material.
Fictile earth is more fragile than crude earth. Bacon.
The earliest specimens of Italian fictile art. C. Wordsworth.
Fictile ware, ware made of any material which is molded or shaped
while soft; hence, pottery of any sort.
 -- Fic"tile*ness, n.
 -- Fic*til"i*ty, n.

FICTION
Fic"tion, n. Etym: [F. fiction, L. fictio, fr. fingere, fictum to
form, shape, invent, feign. See Feign.]

1. The act of feigning, inventing, or imagining; as, by a mere
fiction of the mind. Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. That which is feigned, invented, or imagined; especially, a
feigned or invented story, whether oral or written. Hence: A story
told in order to deceive; a fabrication; -- opposed to fact, or
reality.
The fiction of those golden apples kept by a dragon. Sir W. Raleigh.
When it could no longer be denied that her flight had been voluntary,
numerous fictions were invented to account for it. Macaulay.

3. Fictitious literature; comprehensively, all works of imagination;
specifically, novels and romances.
The office of fiction as a vehicle of instruction and moral elevation
has been recognized by most if not all great educators. Dict. of
Education.

4. (Law)

Defn: An assumption of a possible thing as a fact, irrespective of
the question of its truth. Wharton.

5. Any like assumption made for convenience, as for passing more
rapidly over what is not disputed, and arriving at points really at
issue.

Syn.
 -- Fabrication; invention; fable; falsehood.
 -- Fiction, Fabrication. Fiction is opposed to what is real;
fabrication to what is true. Fiction is designed commonly to amuse,
and sometimes to instruct; a fabrication is always intended to
mislead and deceive. In the novels of Sir Walter Scott we have
fiction of the highest order. The poems of Ossian, so called, were
chiefly fabrications by Macpherson.

FICTIONAL
Fic"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, fiction; fictitious;
romantic."Fictional rather than historical." Latham.

FICTIONIST
Fic"tion*ist, n.

Defn: A writer of fiction. [R.] Lamb.

FICTIOUS
Fic"tious, a.

Defn: Fictitious. [R.] Prior.

FICTITIOUS
Fic*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. fictitius. See Fiction.]

Defn: Feigned; imaginary; not real; fabulous; counterfeit; false; not
genuine; as, fictitious fame.
The human persons are as fictitious as the airy ones. Pope.
-- Fic*ti"tious*ly, adv.
 -- Fic*ti"tious*ness, n.

FICTIVE
Fic"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fictif.]

Defn: Feigned; counterfeit. "The fount of fictive tears." Tennyson.

FICTOR
Fic"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: An artist who models or forms statues and reliefs in any
plastic material. [R.] Elmes.

FICUS
Fi"cus, n. Etym: [L., a fig.]

Defn: A genus of trees or shrubs, one species of which (F. Carica)
produces the figs of commerce; the fig tree.

Note: Ficus Indica is the banyan tree; F. religiosa, the peepul tree;
F. elastica, the India-rubber tree.

FID
Fid, n. Etym: [Prov. E. fid a small, thick lump.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A square bar of wood or iron, used to support the topmast,
being passed through a hole or mortise at its heel, and resting on
the trestle trees.

2. A wooden or metal bar or pin, used to support or steady anything.

3. A pin of hard wood, tapering to a point, used to open the strands
of a rope in splicing.

Note: There are hand fids and standing fids (which are larger than
the others, and stand upon a flat base). An iron implement for this
purpose is called a marline spike.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A block of wood used in mounting and dismounting heavy guns.

FIDALGO
Fi*dal"go, n. Etym: [Pg. See Hidalgo.]

Defn: The lowest title of nobility in Portugal, corresponding to that
of Hidalgo in Spain.

FIDDLE
Fid"dle, n. Etym: [OE. fidele, fithele, AS. fi; akin to D. vedel,
OHG. fidula, G. fiedel, Icel. fi, and perh. to E. viol. Cf. Viol.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A stringed instrument of music played with a bow; a violin; a
kit.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of dock (Rumex pulcher) with fiddle-shaped leaves; --
called also fiddle dock.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A rack or frame of bars connected by strings, to keep table
furniture in place on the cabin table in bad weather. Ham. Nav.
Encyc. Fiddle beetle (Zoöl.), a Japanese carabid beetle (Damaster
blaptoides); -- so called from the form of the body.
 -- Fiddle block (Naut.), a long tackle block having two sheaves of
different diameters in the same plane, instead of side by side as in
a common double block. Knight.
 -- Fiddle bow, fiddlestick.
 -- Fiddle fish (Zoöl.), the angel fish.
 -- Fiddle head, an ornament on a ship's bow, curved like the volute
or scroll at the head of a violin.
 -- Fiddle pattern, a form of the handles of spoons, forks, etc.,
somewhat like a violin.
 -- Scotch fiddle, the itch. (Low) -- To play first, or second,
fiddle, to take a leading or a subordinate part. [Colloq.]

FIDDLE
Fid"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fiddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fiddling.]

1. To play on a fiddle.
Themistocles . . . said he could not fiddle, but he could make a
small town a great city. Bacon.

2. To keep the hands and fingers actively moving as a fiddler does;
to move the hands and fingers restlessy or in busy idleness; to
trifle.
Talking, and fiddling with their hats and feathers. Pepys.

FIDDLE
Fid"dle, v. t.

Defn: To play (a tune) on a fiddle.

FIDDLEDEEDEE
Fid"dle*dee*dee`, interj.

Defn: An exclamatory word or phrase, equivalent to nonsense!
[Colloq.]

FIDDLE-FADDLE
Fid"dle-fad`dle, n.

Defn: A trifle; trifling talk; nonsense. [Colloq.] Spectator.

FIDDLE-FADDLE
Fid"dle-fad`dle, v. i.

Defn: To talk nonsense. [Colloq.] Ford.

FIDDLER
Fid"dler, n. Etym: [AS. fi.]

1. One who plays on a fiddle or violin.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A burrowing crab of the genus Gelasimus, of many species. The
male has one claw very much enlarged, and often holds it in a
position similar to that in which a musician holds a fiddle, hence
the name; -- called also calling crab, soldier crab, and fighting
crab.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common European sandpiper (Tringoides hypoleucus); -- so
called because it continually oscillates its body. Fiddler crab.
(Zoöl.) See Fiddler, n., 2.

FIDDLE-SHAPED
Fid"dle-shaped`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Inversely ovate, with a deep hollow on each side. Gray.

FIDDLESTICK
Fid"dle*stick`, n.

Defn: The bow, strung with horsehair, used in playing the fiddle; a
fiddle bow.

FIDDLESTRING
Fid"dle*string`, n.

Defn: One of the catgut strings of a fiddle.

FIDDLEWOOD
Fid"dle*wood`, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. F. bois-fidèle, lit., faithful
wood; -- so called from its durability.]

Defn: The wood of several West Indian trees, mostly of the genus
Citharexylum.

FIDEJUSSION
Fi`de*jus"sion, n. Etym: [L. fidejussio, from fidejubere to be surety
or bail; fides faith + jubere to order: cf. F. fidéjussion.] (Civil
Law)

Defn: The act or state of being bound as surety for another;
suretyship.

FIDEJUSSOR
Fi`de*jus"sor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. fidéjusseur.] (Civil Law)

Defn: A surety; one bound for another, conjointly with him; a
guarantor. Blackstone.

FIDELITY
Fi*del"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. fidelitas: cf. F. fidélité. See Fealty.]

Defn: Faithfulness; adherence to right; careful and exact observance
of duty, or discharge of obligations. Especially:
(a) Adherence to a person or party to which one is bound; loyalty.
Whose courageous fidelity was proof to all danger. Macaulay.
The best security for the fidelity of men is to make interest
coincide with duty. A. Hamilton.

(b) Adherence to the marriage contract.
(c) Adherence to truth; veracity; honesty.
The principal thing required in a witness is fidelity. Hooker.

Syn.
 -- Faithfulness; honesty; integrity; faith; loyalty; fealty.

FIDES
Fi"des, n. Etym: [L., faith.] (Roman Muth.)

Defn: Faith personified as a goddess; the goddess of faith.

FIDGE
Fidge, n. & i.

Defn: See Fidget. [R.] Swift.

FIDGET
Fidg"et, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fidgeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fodgeting.]
Etym: [From Fidge; cf. OE. fiken to fidget, to flatter, Icel. fika to
hasten, Sw. fika to hunt after, AS. befician to deceive. Cf. Fickle.]

Defn: To move uneasily one way and the other; to move irregularly, or
by fits and starts. Moore.

FIDGET
Fidg"et, n.

1. Uneasiness; restlessness. Cowper.

2. pl.

Defn: A general nervous restlessness, manifested by incessant changes
of position; dysphoria. Dunglison.

FIDGETINESS
Fidg"et*i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being fidgety.

FIDGETY
Fidg"et*y, a.

Defn: Restless; uneasy. Lowell.

FIDIA
Fid"i*a, n. Etym: [NL., prob. fr. L. fidus trusty.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small beetles, of which one species (the grapevine
Fidia, F. longipes) is very injurious to vines in America.

FIDICINAL
Fi*dic"i*nal, a. Etym: [L. fidicinus, fr. fidicen, -inis, a lute
player.] (Mus.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a stringed instrument.

FIDUCIAL
Fi*du"cial, a. Etym: [L. fiducia trust, confidence; akin to fides
faith. See Faith.]

1. Having faith or trust; confident; undoubting; firm. "Fiducial
reliance on the promises of God." Hammond.

2. Having the nature of a trust; fiduciary; as, fiducial power.
Spelman. Fiducial edge (Astron. & Surv.), the straight edge of the
alidade or ruler along which a straight line is to be drawn.
 -- Fiducial line or point (Math. & Physics.), a line or point of
reference, as for setting a graduated circle or scale used for
measurments.

FIDUCIALLY
Fi*du"cial*ly, adv.

Defn: With confidence. South.

FIDUCIARY
Fi*du"ci*a*ry ( or ), a. Etym: [L. fiduciarus, fr. fiducia: cf. F.
fiduciaire. See Fiducial.]

1. Involving confidence or trust; confident; undoubting; faithful;
firm; as, in a fiduciary capacity. "Fiduciary obedience." Howell.

2. Holding, held, or founded, in trust. Spelman.

FIDUCIARY
Fi*du"ci*a*ry, n.

1. One who holds a thing in trust for another; a trustee.
Instrumental to the conveying God's blessing upon those whose
fiduciaries they are. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: One who depends for salvation on faith, without works; an
Antinomian. Hammond.

FIE
Fie, interj. Etym: [OE. fi; cf. D. fif. G. pfui, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan.
fy, F. fi, L. fi, phy.]

Defn: An exclamation denoting contempt or dislike. See Fy. Fuller.

FIEF
Fief, n. Etym: [F. fief; of German origin, and the same word as E.
fee. See Fee, and cf. Feud, a tief.] (Law)

Defn: An estate held of a superior on condition of military service;
a fee; a feud. See under Benefice, n., 2.

FIELD
Field, n. Etym: [OE. feld, fild, AS. feld; akin to D. veld, G. feld,
Sw. fält, Dan. felt, Icel. fold field of grass, AS. folde earth,
land, ground, OS. folda.]

1. Cleared land; land suitable for tillage or pasture; cultivated
ground; the open country.

2. A piece of land of considerable size; esp., a piece inclosed for
tillage or pasture.
Fields which promise corn and wine. Byron.

3. A place where a battle is fought; also, the battle itself.
In this glorious and well-foughten field. Shak.
What though the field be lost Milton.

4. An open space; an extent; an expanse. Esp.:
(a) Any blank space or ground on which figures are drawn or
projected.
(b) The space covered by an optical instrument at one view.
Without covering, save yon field of stars. Shak.
Ask of yonder argent fields above. Pope.

5. (Her.)

Defn: The whole surface of an escutcheon; also, so much of it is
shown unconcealed by the different bearings upon it. See Illust. of
Fess, where the field is represented as gules (red), while the fess
is argent (silver).

6. An unresticted or favorable opportunity for action, operation, or
achievement; province; room.
Afforded a clear field for moral experiments. Macaulay.

7. A collective term for all the competitors in any outdoor contest
or trial, or for all except the favorites in the betting.

8. (Baseball)

Defn: That part of the grounds reserved for the players which is
outside of the diamond; -- called also outfield.

Note: Field is often used adjectively in the sense of belonging to,
or used in, the fields; especially with reference to the operations
and equipments of an army during a campaign away from permanent camps
and fortifications. In most cases such use of the word is
sufficiently clear; as, field battery; field fortification; field
gun; field hospital, etc. A field geologist, naturalist, etc., is one
who makes investigations or collections out of doors. A survey uses a
field book for recording field notes, i.e., measurment, observations,
etc., made in field work (outdoor operations). A farmer or planter
employs field hands, and may use a field roller or a field derrick.
Field sports are hunting, fishing, athletic games, etc. Coal field
(Geol.) See under Coal.
 -- Field artillery, light ordnance mounted on wheels, for the use of
a marching army.
 -- Field basil (Bot.), a plant of the Mint family (Calamintha
Acinos); -- called also basil thyme.
 -- Field colors (Mil.), small flags for marking out the positions
for squadrons and battalions; camp colors.
 -- Field cricket (Zoöl.), a large European cricket (Gryllus
campestric), remarkable for its loud notes.
 -- Field day. (a) A day in the fields. (b) (Mil.) A day when troops
are taken into the field for instruction in evolutions. Farrow. (c) A
day of unusual exertion or display; a gala day.
 -- Field driver, in New England, an officer charged with the driving
of stray cattle to the pound.
 -- Field duck (Zoöl.), the little bustard (Otis tetrax), found in
Southern Europe.
 -- Field glass. (Optics) (a) A binocular telescope of compact form;
a lorgnette; a race glass. (b) A small achromatic telescope, from 20
to 24 inches long, and having 3 to 6 draws. (c) See Field lens.
 -- Field lark. (Zoöl.) (a) The skylark. (b) The tree pipit.
 -- Field lens (Optics), that one of the two lenses forming the
eyepiece of an astronomical telescope or compound microscope which is
nearer the object glass; -- called also field glass.
 -- Field madder (Bot.), a plant (Sherardia arvensis) used in dyeing.
 -- Field marshal (Mil.), the highest military rank conferred in the
British and other European armies.
 -- Field mouse (Zoöl.), a mouse inhabiting fields, as the campagnol
and the deer mouse. See Campagnol, and Deer mouse.
 -- Field officer (Mil.), an officer above the rank of captain and
below that of general.
 -- Field officer's court (U.S.Army), a court-martial consisting of
one field officer empowered to try all cases, in time of war, subject
to jurisdiction of garrison and regimental courts. Farrow.
 -- Field plover (Zoöl.), the black-bellied plover (Charadrius
squatarola); also sometimes applied to the Bartramian sandpiper
(Bartramia longicauda).
 -- Field spaniel (Zoöl.), a small spaniel used in hunting small
game.
 -- Field sparrow. (Zoöl.) (a) A small American sparrow (Spizella
pusilla). (b) The hedge sparrow. [Eng.] -- Field staff (Mil.), a
staff formerly used by gunners to hold a lighted match for
discharging a gun.
 -- Field vole (Zoöl.), the European meadow mouse.
 -- Field of ice, a large body of floating ice; a pack.
 -- Field, or Field of view, in a telescope or microscope, the entire
space within which objects are seen.
 -- Field magnet. see under Magnet.
 -- Magnetic field. See Magnetic.
 -- To back the field, or To bet on the field. See under Back, v. t.
 -- To keep the field. (a) (Mil.) To continue a campaign. (b) To
maintain one's ground against all comers.
 -- To lay, or back, against the field, to bet on (a horse, etc.)
against all comers.
 -- To take the field (Mil.), to enter upon a campaign.

FIELD
Field, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fielded; p. pr. & vb. n. Fielding.]

1. To take the field. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. (Ball Playing)

Defn: To stand out in the field, ready to catch, stop, or throw the
ball.

FIELD
Field, v. t. (Ball Playing)

Defn: To catch, stop, throw, etc. (the ball), as a fielder.

FIELDED
Field"ed, a.

Defn: Engaged in the field; encamped. [Obs.]
To help fielded friends. Shak.

FIELDEN
Field"en, a.

Defn: Consisting of fields. [Obs.]
The fielden country also and plains. Holland.

FIELDER
Field"er, n. (Ball Playing)

Defn: A ball payer who stands out in the field to catch or stop
balls.

FIELDFARE
Field"fare`, n. Etym: [OE. feldfare, AS. feldfare; field + faran to
travel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: a small thrush (Turdus pilaris) which breeds in northern Europe
and winters in Great Britain. The head, nape, and lower part of the
back are ash-colored; the upper part of the back and wing coverts,
chestnut; -- called also fellfare.

FIELDING
Field"ing, n. (Ball Playing)

Defn: The act of playing as a fielder.

FIELDPIECE
Field"piece`, n.

Defn: A cannon mounted on wheels, for the use of a marching army; a
piece of field artillery; -- called also field gun.

FIELDWORK
Field"work`, n. (Mil.)

Defn: Any temporary fortification thrown up by an army in the field;
-- commonly in the plural.
All works which do not come under the head of permanent fortification
are called fieldworks. Wilhelm.

FIELDY
Field"y, a.

Defn: Open, like a field. [Obs.] Wyclif.

FIEND
Fiend, n. Etym: [OE. fend, find, fiend, feond, fiend, foe, AS. feónd;
akin to OS. fiond, D. vijand enemy, OHG. fiant, G. feind, Icel.
fjand, Sw. & Dan. fiende, Goth. fijands; orig. p.pr. of a verb
meaning to hate, AS. feón, feógan, OHG. fi, Goth. fijan, Skr. piy to
scorn; prob. akin to E. feud a quarrel. *81. Cf. Foe, Friend.]

Defn: An implacable or malicious foe; one who is diabolically wicked
or cruel; an infernal being; -- applied specifically to the devil or
a demon.
Into this wild abyss the wary fiend Stood on the brink of Hell and
looked a while. Milton.
O woman! woman! when to ill thy mind Is bent, all hell contains no
fouler fiend. Pope.

FIENDFUL
Fiend"ful, a.

Defn: Full of fiendish spirit or arts. Marlowe.
 -- Fiend"ful*ly, adv.

FIENDISH
Fiend"ish, a.

Defn: Like a fiend; diabolically wicked or cruel; infernal;
malignant; devilish; hellish.
 -- Fiend"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Fiend"ish*ness, n.

FIENDLIKE
Fiend"like`, a.

Defn: Fiendish; diabolical. Longfellow.

FIENDLY
Fiend"ly, a. Etym: [AS. feóndlic.]

Defn: Fiendlike; monstrous; devilish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FIERASFER
Fi`e*ras"fer, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small, slender fishes, remarkable for their habit of
living as commensals in other animals. One species inhabits the gill
cavity of the pearl oyster near Panama; another lives within an East
Indian holothurian.

FIERCE
Fierce, a. [Compar. Fiercer; superl. Fiercest.] Etym: [OE. fers,
fiers, OF. fier, nom. fiers, fierce, savage, cruel, F. fier proud,
from L. ferus wild, savage, cruel; perh. akin to E. bear the animal.
Cf. Feral, Ferocity.]

1. Furious; violent; unrestrained; impetuous; as, a fierce wind.
His fierce thunder drove us to the deep. Milton.

2. Vehement in anger or cruelty; ready or eager to kill or injure; of
a nature to inspire terror; ferocious. "A fierce whisper." Dickens.
"A fierce tyrant." Pope.
The fierce foe hung upon our broken rear. Milton.
Thou huntest me as a fierce lion. Job. x. 16.

3. Excessively earnest, eager, or ardent.

Syn.
 -- Ferocious; savage; cruel; vehement; impetuous; barbarous; fell.
See Ferocious.
 -- Fierce"ly, adv.
 -- Fierce"ness, n.

FIERI FACIAS
Fi"e*ri fa"ci*as. Etym: [L., cause it to be done.] (Law)

Defn: A judicial writ that lies for one who has recovered in debt or
damages, commanding the sheriff that he cause to be made of the
goods, chattels, or real estate of the defendant, the sum claimed.
Blackstone. Cowell.

FIERINESS
Fi"er*i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being fiery; heat; acrimony; irritability; as, a
fieriness of temper. Addison.

FIERY
Fi"er*y ( or ), a. Etym: [Formerly written firy, fr. fire.]

1. Consisting of, containing, or resembling, fire; as, the fiery gulf
of Etna; a fiery appearance.
And fiery billows roll below. I. Watts.

2. Vehement; ardent; very active; impetuous.
Hath thy fiery heart so parched thine entrails Shak.
The fiery spirit of his forefathers. W. Irwing.

3. Passionate; easily provoked; irritable.
You kniw the fiery quality of the duke. Shak.

4. Unrestrained; fierce; mettlesome; spirited.
One curbed the fiery steed. Dryden.

5. heated by fire, or as if by fire; burning hot; parched; feverish.
Pope.
The sword which is made fiery. Hooker.
Fiery cross, a cross constructed of two firebrands, and pitched upon
the point of a spear; formerly in Scotland borne by a runner as a
signal for the clan to take up arms. Sir W. Scott.

FIESTA
Fies"ta, n. [Sp. See Feast, n.]

Defn: Among Spanish, a religious festival; a saint's day or holiday;
also, a holiday or festivity.

Even . . . a bullfight is a fiesta.
Am. Dialect Notes.

Some fiesta, when all the surrounding population were expected to
turn out in holiday dress for merriment.
The Century.

FIFE
Fife, n. Etym: [F. fifre, OHG. pfifa, LL. pipa pipe, pipare to play
on the pipe, fr. L. pipire, pipare, to peep, pip, chirp, as a chiken.
See Pipe.] (Mus.)

Defn: A small shrill pipe, resembling the piccolo flute, used chiefly
to accompany the drum in military music. Fife major (Mil.), a
noncommissioned officer who superintends the fifers of a regiment.
 -- Fife rail. (Naut.) (a) A rail about the mast, at the deck, to
hold belaying pins, etc. (b) A railing around the break of a poop
deck.

FIFE
Fife, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fifed; p. pr. & vb. n. fifing.]

Defn: To play on a fife.

FIFER
Fif"er, n.

Defn: One who plays on a fife.

FIFTEEN
Fif"teen`, a. Etym: [OE. fiftene, AS. fift, fift. See Five, and Ten,
and cf. Fifty.]

Defn: Five and ten; one more than fourteen.

FIFTEEN
Fif"teen`, n.

1. The sum of five and ten; fifteen units or objects.

2. A symbol representing fifteen units, as 15, or xv.

FIFTEENTH
Fif"teenth`, a. Etym: [OE. fiftenthe; cf. fiftethe, AS. fifte. See
Fifteen.]

1. Next in order after the fourteenth; -- the ordinal of fifteen.

2. Consisting of one of fifteen equal parts or divisions of a thing.

FIFTEENTH
Fif"teenth`, n.

1. One of fifteen equal parts or divisions; the quotient of a unit
divided by fifteen.

2. A species of tax upon personal property formerly laid on towns,
boroughs, etc., in England, being one fifteenth part of what the
personal property in each town, etc., had been valued at. Burrill.

3. (Mus.)
(a) A stop in an organ tuned two octaves above the diaposon.
(b) An interval consisting of two octaves.

FIFTH
Fifth, a. Etym: [OE. fifte, fifthe, AS. fifta. See Five.]

1. Next in order after the fourth; -- the ordinal of five.

2. Consisting of one of five equal divisions of a thing. Fifth
monarchy men (Hist.), a fanatical sect in England, of the time of the
commonwealth, who maintained that there would be a fifth universal
monarchy, during which Christ would reign on earth a thousand years.
 -- Fifth wheel, a horizontal wheel or segment above the fore axle of
a carriage and beneath the body, forming an extended support to
prevent careening.

FIFTH
Fifth, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by five; one of five equal parts; a
fifth part.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The interval of three tones and a semitone, embracing five
diatonic degrees of the scale; the dominant of any key.

FIFTHLY
Fifth"ly, adv.

Defn: In the fifth place; as the fifth in order.

FIFTIETH
Fif"ti*eth, a. Etym: [AS. fiftigo. See Fifty.]

1. Next in order after the forty-ninth; -- the ordinal of fifty.

2. Consisting of one of fifty equal parts or divisions.

FIFTIETH
Fif"ti*eth, n.

Defn: One of fifty equal parts; the quotient of a unit divided by
fifty.

FIFTY
Fif"ty, a. Etym: [AS. fiftig; akin to OHG. finfzug, fimfzug, G.
fünfzig, funfzig, Goth. fimftigjus. See Five, and Ten, and cf.
Fifteen.]

Defn: Five times ten; as, fifty men.

FIFTY
Fif"ty, n.; pl. Fifties (.

1. The sum of five tens; fifty units or objects.

2. A symbol representing fifty units, as 50, or l.

FIG
Fig, n. Etym: [F. figue the fruit of the tree, Pr. figa, fr. L. ficus
fig tree, fig. Cf. Fico.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A small fruit tree (Ficus Carica) with large leaves, known from
the remotest antiquity. It was probably native from Syria westward to
the Canary Islands.

2. The fruit of a fig tree, which is of round or oblong shape, and of
various colors.

Note: The fruit of a fig tree is really the hollow end of a stem, and
bears numerous achenia inside the cavity. Many species have little,
hard, inedible figs, and in only a few does the fruit become soft and
pulpy. The fruit of the cultivated varieties is much prized in its
fresh state, and also when dried or preserved. See Caprification.

3. A small piece of tobacco. [U.S.]

4. The value of a fig, practically nothing; a fico; -- used in scorn
or contempt. "A fig for Peter." Shak. Cochineal fig. See Conchineal
fig.
 -- Fig dust, a preparation of fine oatmeal for feeding caged birds.
 -- Fig faun, one of a class of rural deities or monsters supposed to
live on figs. "Therefore shall dragons dwell there with the fig
fauns." Jer. i. 39. (Douay version).
 -- Fig gnat (Zoöl.), a small fly said to be injurious to figs.
 -- Fig leaf, the leaf tree; hence, in allusion to the first clothing
of Adam and Eve (Genesis iii.7), a covering for a thing that ought to
be concealed; esp., an inadequate covering; a symbol for affected
modesty.
 -- Fig marigold (Bot.), the name of several plants of the genus
Mesembryanthemum, some of which are prized for the brilliancy and
beauty of their flowers.
 -- Fig tree (Bot.), any tree of the genus Ficus, but especially F.
Carica which produces the fig of commerce.

FIG
Fig, v. t. Etym: [See Fico, Fig, n.]

1. To insult with a fico, or contemptuous motion. See Fico. [Obs.]
When Pistol lies, do this, and fig me like The bragging Spaniard.
Shak.

2. To put into the head of, as something useless o [Obs.] L'Estrange.

FIG
Fig, n.

Defn: Figure; dress; array. [Colloq.]
Were they all in full fig, the females with feathers on their heads,
the males with chapeaux bras Prof. Wilson.

FIGARO
Fi`ga`ro", n. Etym: [From the name of the barber in Beaumarchais'
"Barber of Seville."]

Defn: An adroi

FIGARY
Fig"a*ry, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. vagary.]

Defn: A frolic; a vagary; a whim. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

FIGEATER
Fig"eat`er, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A large beetle (Allorhina nitida) which in the Southern United
States destroys figs. The elytra are velvety green with pale borders.
(b) A bird. See Figpecker.

FIGENT
Fig"ent, a.

Defn: Fidgety; restless. [Obs.]
Such a little figent thing. Beau. & Fl.

FIGGUM
Fig"gum, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A juggler's trick; conjuring. [Obs.]
The devil is the author of wicked figgum. B. Jonson.

FIGHT
Fight, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fought; p. pr. & vb. n. Fighting.] Etym:
[OE. fihten, fehten, AS. feohtan; akin to D. vechten, OHG. fehtan, G.
fechten, Sw. fäkta, Dan. fegte, and perh. to E. fist; cf. L. pugnare
to fight, pugnus fist.]

1. To strive or contened for victory, with armies or in single
combat; to attempt to defeat, subdue, or destroy an enemy, either by
blows or weapons; to contend in arms; -- followed by with or against.
You do fight against your country's foes. Shak.
To fight with thee no man of arms will deign. Milton.

2. To act in opposition to anything; to struggle against; to contend;
to strive; to make resistance. To fight shy, to avoid meeting fairly
or at close quarters; to keep out of reach.

FIGHT
Fight, v. t.

1. To carry on, or wage, as a conflict, or battle; to win or gain by
struggle, as one's way; to sustain by fighting, as a cause.
He had to fight his way through the world. Macaulay.
I have fought a good fight. 2 Tim. iv. 7.

2. To contend with in battle; to war against; as, they fought the
enemy in two pitched battles; the sloop fought the frigate for three
hours.

3. To cause to fight; to manage or maneuver in a fight; as, to fight
cocks; to fight one's ship. To fight it out, to fight until a
decisive and conclusive result is reached.

FIGHT
Fight, n. Etym: [OE. fight, feht, AS. feoht. See Fight, v. i.]

1. A battle; an engagement; a contest in arms; a combat; a violent
conflict or struggle for victory, between individuals or between
armies, ships, or navies, etc.
Who now defies thee thrice to single fight. Milton.

2. A struggle or contest of any kind.

3. Strength or disposition for fighting; pugnacity; as, he has a
great deal of fight in him. [Colloq.]

4. A screen for the combatants in ships. [Obs.]
Up with your fights, and your nettings prepare. Dryden.
Running fight, a fight in which the enemy is continually chased;
also, one which continues without definite end or result.

Syn.
 -- Combat; engagement; contest; struggle; encounter; fray; affray;
action; conflict. See Battle.

FIGHTER
Fight"er, n. Etym: [AS. feohtere.]

Defn: One who fights; a combatant; a warrior. Shak.

FIGHTING
Fight"ing, a.

1. Qualified for war; fit for battle.
An host of fighting men. 2 Chron. xxvi. 11.

2. Occupied in war; being the scene of a battle; as, a fighting
field. Pope. A fighting chance, one dependent upon the issue of a
struggle. [Colloq.] -- Fighting crab (Zoöl.), the fiddler crab.
 -- Fighting fish (Zoöl.), a remarkably pugnacious East Indian fish
(Betta pugnax), reared by the Siamese for spectacular fish fights.

FIGHTINGLY
Fight"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Pugnaciously.

FIGHTWITE
Fight"wite`, n. Etym: [Fight + wite.] (O.Eng. Law)

Defn: A mulct or fine imposed on a person for making a fight or
quarrel to the disturbance of the peace.

FIGMENT
Fig"ment, n. Etym: [L. figmentum, fr. fingere to form, shape, invent,
feign. See Feign.]

Defn: An invention; a fiction; something feigned or imagined.
Social figments, feints, and formalism. Mrs. Browning.
It carried rather an appearance of figment and invention . . . than
of truth and reality. Woodward.

FIGPECKER
Fig"peck`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European garden warbler (Sylvia, or Currica, hortensis); --
called also beccafico and greater pettychaps.

FIG-SHELL
Fig"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine univalve shell of the genus Pyrula, or Ficula,
resembling a fig in form.

FIGULATE; FIGULATED
Fig"u*late, Fig"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. figulatus, p.p. of figulare to
shape, fr. figulus potter, fr. fingere to shape.]

Defn: Made of potter's clay; molded; shaped. [R.] Johnson.

FIGULINE
Fig"u*line ( or ), n. Etym: [F., fr. L. figulina pottery, fr.
figulus. See Figulate.]

Defn: A piece of pottery ornamented with representations of natural
objects.
Whose figulines and rustic wares Scarce find him bread from day to
day. Longfellow.

FIGURABILITY
Fig`ur*a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. figurabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being figurable. Johnson.

FIGURABLE
Fig`ur*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. figurare to form, shape, fr. figura
figure: cf. F. figurable. See Figure.]

Defn: Capable of being brought to a fixed form or shape.
Lead is figurable, but water is not. Johnson.

FIGURAL
Fig"ur*al, a. Etym: [From Figure.]

1. Represented by figure or delineation; consisting of figures; as,
figural ornaments. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Figurate. See Figurate. Figural numbers. See Figurate numbers,
under Figurate.

FIGURANT
Fig"u*rant` ( or ), n. masc. Etym: [F., prop. p.pr. of figurer
figure, represent, make a figure.]

Defn: One who dances at the opera, not singly, but in groups or
figures; an accessory character on the stage, who figures in its
scenes, but has nothing to say; hence, one who figures in any scene,
without taking a prominent part.

FIGURANTE
Fig"u*rante` ( or ), n. fem. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A female figurant; esp., a ballet girl.

FIGURATE
Fig"ur*ate, a. Etym: [L. figuratus, p.p. of figurare. See Figure.]

1. Of a definite form or figure.
Plants are all figurate and determinate, which inanimate bodies are
not. Bacon.

2. Figurative; metaphorical. [Obs.] Bale.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: Florid; figurative; involving passing discords by the freer
melodic movement of one or more parts or voices in the harmony; as,
figurate counterpoint or descant. Figurate counterpoint or descant
(Mus.), that which is not simple, or in which the parts do not move
together tone for tone, but in which freer movement of one or more
parts mingles passing discords with the harmony; -- called also
figural, figurative, and figured counterpoint or descant (although
the term figured is more commonly applied to a bass with numerals
written above or below to indicate the other notes of the harmony).
 -- Figurate numbers (Math.), numbers, or series of numbers, formed
from any arithmetical progression in which the first term is a unit,
and the difference a whole number, by taking the first term, and the
sums of the first two, first three, first four, etc., as the
successive terms of a new series, from which another may be formed in
the same manner, and so on, the numbers in the resulting series being
such that points representing them are capable of symmetrical
arrangement in different geometrical figures, as triangles, squares,
pentagons, etc.

Note: In the following example, the two lower lines are composed of
figurate numbers, those in the second line being triangular, and
represented thus: --. 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. . . . 1, 3, 6, 10, etc. . . .
. . . . etc. 1, 4, 10, 20, etc . . . . . . . . . . . .

FIGURATED
Fig"ur*a`ted, a.

Defn: Having a determinate form.

FIGURATELY
Fig"ur*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a figurate manner.

FIGURATION
Fig`u*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. figuratio.]

1. The act of giving figure or determinate form; determination to a
certain form. Bacon.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Mixture of concords and discords.

FIGURATIVE
Fig"ur*a*tive, a. Etym: [L. figurativus: cf. F. figuratif. See
Figurative.]

1. Representing by a figure, or by resemblance; typical;
representative.
This, they will say, was figurative, and served, by God's
appointment, but for a time, to shadow out the true glory of a more
divine sanctity. Hooker.

2. Used in a sense that is tropical, as a metaphor; not literal; --
applied to words and expressions.

3. Ambounding in figures of speech; flowery; florid; as, a highly
figurative description.

4. Relating to the representation of form or figure by drawing,
carving, etc. See Figure, n., 2.
They belonged to a nation dedicated to the figurative arts, and they
wrote for a public familiar with painted form. J. A. Symonds.
Figurative counterpointdescant. See under Figurate.
 -- Fig"ur*a*tive*ly, adv.
 -- Fig"ur*a*tive*ness, n.

FIGURE
Fig"ure, n. Etym: [F., figure, L. figura; akin to fingere to form,
shape, feign. See Feign.]

1. The form of anything; shape; outline; appearance.
Flowers have all exquisite figures. Bacon.

2. The representation of any form, as by drawing, painting, modeling,
carving, embroidering, etc.; especially, a representation of the
human body; as, a figure in bronze; a figure cut in marble.
A coin that bears the figure of an angel. Shak.

3. A pattern in cloth, paper, or other manufactured article; a design
wrought out in a fabric; as, the muslin was of a pretty figure.

4. (Geom.)

Defn: A diagram or drawing; made to represent a magnitude or the
relation of two or more magnitudes; a surface or space inclosed on
all sides; -- called superficial when inclosed by lines, and solid
when inclosed by surface; any arrangement made up of points, lines,
angles, surfaces, etc.

5. The appearance or impression made by the conduct or carrer of a
person; as, a sorry figure.
I made some figure there. Dryden.
Gentlemen of the best figure in the county. Blackstone.

6. Distinguished appearance; magnificence; conspicuous
representation; splendor; show.
That he may live in figure and indulgence. Law.

7. A character or symbol representing a number; a numeral; a digit;
as, 1, 2,3, etc.

8. Value, as expressed in numbers; price; as, the goods are estimated
or sold at a low figure. [Colloq.]
With nineteen thousand a year at the very lowest figure. Thackeray.

9. A person, thing, or action, conceived of as analogous to another
person, thing, or action, of which it thus becomes a type or
representative.
Who is the figure of Him that was to come. Rom. v. 14.

10. (Rhet.)

Defn: A mode of expressing abstract or immaterial ideas by words
which suggest pictures or images from the physical world; pictorial
language; a trope; hence, any deviation from the plainest form of
statement.
To represent the imagination under the figure of a wing. Macaulay.

11. (Logic)

Defn: The form of a syllogism with respect to the relative position
of the middle term.

12. (Dancing)

Defn: Any one of the several regular steps or movements made by a
dancer.

13. (Astrol.)

Defn: A horoscope; the diagram of the aspects of the astrological
houses. Johnson.

14. (Music)
(a) Any short succession of notes, either as melody or as a group of
chords, which produce a single complete and distinct impression.
Grove.
(b) A form of melody or accompaniment kept up through a strain or
passage; a musical or motive; a florid embellishment.

Note: Figures are often written upon the staff in music to denote the
kind of measure. They are usually in the form of a fraction, the
upper figure showing how many notes of the kind indicated by the
lower are contained in one measure or bar. Thus, 2/4 signifies that
the measure contains two quarter notes. The following are the
principal figures used for this purpose: --2/22/42/8 4/22/44/8
3/23/43/8 6/46/46/8 Academy figure, Canceled figures, Lay figure,
etc. See under Academy, Cancel, Lay, etc.
 -- Figure caster, or Figure flinger, an astrologer. This figure
caster." Milton.
 -- Figure flinging, the practice of astrology.
 -- Figure-of-eight knot, a knot shaped like the figure 8. See
Illust. under Knot.
 -- Figure painting, a picture of the human figure, or the act or art
of depicting the human figure.
 -- Figure stone (Min.), agalmatolite.
 -- Figure weaving, the art or process of weaving figured fabrics.
 -- To cut a figure, to make a display. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.

FIGURE
Fig"ure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Figured; p. pr. & vb. n. Figuring.]
Etym: [F. figurer, L. figurare, fr. figura. See Figure, n.]

1. To represent by a figure, as to form or mold; to make an image of,
either palpable or ideal; also, to fashion into a determinate form;
to shape.
If love, alas! be pain I bear,
No thought can figure, and no tongue declare.Prior.

2. To embellish with design; to adorn with figures.
The vaulty top of heaven Figured quite o'er with burning meteors.
Shak.

3. To indicate by numerals; also, to compute.
As through a crystal glass the figured hours are seen. Dryden.

4. To represent by a metaphor; to signify or symbolize.
Whose white vestments figure innocence. Shak.

5. To prefigure; to foreshow.
In this the heaven figures some event. Shak.

6. (Mus.)
(a) To write over or under the bass, as figures or other characters,
in order to indicate the accompanying chords.
(b) To embellish. To figure out, to solve; to compute or find the
result of.
 -- To figure up, to add; to reckon; to compute the amount of.

FIGURE
Fig"ure, v. t.

1. To make a figure; to be distinguished or conspicious; as, the
envoy figured at court.
Sociable, hospitable, eloquent, admired, figuring away brilliantly.
M. Arnold.

2. To calculate; to contrive; to scheme; as, he is figuring to secure
the nomination. [Colloq.]

FIGURED
Fig"ured, a.

1. Adorned with figures; marked with figures; as, figured muslin.

2. Not literal; figurative. [Obs.] Locke.

3. (Mus.)
(a) Free and florid; as, a figured descant. See Figurate, 3.
(b) Indicated or noted by figures. Figured bass. See Continued bass,
under Continued.

FIGUREHEAD
Fig"ure*head`, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The figure, statue, or bust, on the prow of a ship.

2. A person who allows his name to be used to give standing to
enterprises in which he has no responsible interest or duties; a
nominal, but not real, head or chief.

FIGURIAL
Fi*gu"ri*al, a.

Defn: Represented by figure or delineation. [R.] Craig.

FIGURINE
Fi`gu`rine" ( or ), n. Etym: [F., dim. of figure.]

Defn: A very small figure, whether human or of an animal; especially,
one in terra cotta or the like; -- distinguished from statuette,
which is applied to small figures in bronze, marble, etc.

FIGURIST
Fig"ur*ist, n.

Defn: One who uses or interprets figurative expressions. Waterland.

FIGWORT
Fig"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbaceous plants (Scrophularia), mostly found in
the north temperate zones. See Brownwort.

FIJIAN
Fi"ji*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Fiji islands or their inhabitants.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of the Fiji islands. [Written also Feejeean, Feejee.]

FIKE
Fike, n.

Defn: See Fyke.

FIL
Fil, obs.

Defn: imp. of Fall, v. i. Fell. Chaucer.

FILACEOUS
Fi*la"ceous ( or ), a. Etym: [L. filum thread.]

Defn: Composed of threads. Bacon.

FILACER
Fil"a*cer, n. Etym: [OE. filace a file, or thread, on which the
records of the courts of justice were strung, F. filasse tow of flax
or hemp, fr. L. filum thread.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: A former officer in the English Court of Common Pleas; -- so
called because he filed the writs on which he made out process.
[Obs.] Burrill.

FILAMENT
Fil"a*ment, n. Etym: [F. filament, fr. L. filum thread. See File a
row.]

Defn: A thread or threadlike object or appendage; a fiber; esp.
(Bot.), the threadlike part of the stamen supporting the anther.

FILAMENTARY
Fil`a*men"ta*ry, a.

Defn: Having the character of, or formed by, a filament.

FILAMENTOID
Fil"a*men*toid`, a. Etym: [Filament + -oid.]

Defn: Like a filament.

FILAMENTOUS
Fil`a*men"tous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. filamenteux.]

Defn: Like a thread; consisting of threads or filaments. Gray.

FILANDER
Fil"an*der, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of kangaroo (Macropus Brunii), inhabiting New Guinea.

FILANDERS
Fil"an*ders, n. pl. Etym: [F. filandres, fr. L. filum thread.]
(Falconry)

Defn: A disease in hawks, characterized by the presence of small
threadlike worms, also of filaments of coagulated blood, from the
rupture of a vein; -- called also backworm. Sir T. Browne.

FILAR
Fi"lar, a. Etym: [L. filum a thread.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a thread or line; characterized by threads
stretched across the field of view; as, a filar microscope; a filar
micrometer.

FILARIA
Fi*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. filum a thread.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of slender, nematode worms of many species, parasitic
in various animals. See Guinea worm.

FILARIAL
Fi*la"ri*al, a.

1. (Zoöl. & Med.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or caused by, filariæ and allied parasitic
worms.

2.  Straight, as if in a line; as, the filarial flight of birds.

FILARIASIS
Fil`a*ri"a*sis, n. [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: The presence of filariæ in the blood; infection with filariæ.

FILASSE
Fi*lasse", n. [F., fr. fil thread, L. filum.]

Defn: Vegetable fiber, as jute or ramie, prepared for manufacture.

FILATORY
Fil"a*to*ry, n. Etym: [LL. filatorium place for spinning, fr. filare
to spin, fr. L. filum a thread.]

Defn: A machine for forming threads. [Obs.] W. Tooke.

FILATURE
Fil"a*ture, n. Etym: [LL. filatura, fr. filare to spin: cf. F.
filature. See Filatory.]

1. A drawing out into threads; hence, the reeling of silk from
cocoons. Ure.

2. A reel for drawing off silk from cocoons; also, an establishment
for reeling silk.

FILBERT
Fil"bert, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. fill + bread, as filling the bread or
husk; cf. G. bartnuss (lit., bread nut) filbert; or perh. named from
a St.Philibert, whose day, Aug. 22, fell in the nutting season.]
(Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of the Corylus Avellana or hazel. It is an oval nut,
containing a kernel that has a mild, farinaceous, oily taste,
agreeable to the palate.

Note: In England filberts are usually large hazelnuts, especially the
nuts from selected and cultivated trees. The American hazelnuts are
of two other species. Filbert gall (Zoöl.), a gall resembling a
filbert in form, growing in clusters on grapevines. It is produced by
the larva of a gallfly (Cecidomyia).

FILCH
Filch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Filched; p. pr. & vb. n. Filching.] Etym:
[Cf. AS. feol to stick to, OHG. felhan, felahan, to hide, Icel. fela,
Goth. filhan to hide, bury, Prov. E. feal to hide slyly, OE. felen.]

Defn: To steal or take privily (commonly, that which is of little
value); to pilfer.
Fain would they filch that little food away. Dryden.
But he that filches from me my good name, Robs me of that which not
enriches him, And makes me poor indeed. Shak.

FILCHER
Filch"er, n.

Defn: One who filches; a thief.

FILCHINGLY
Filch"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By pilfering or petty stealing.

FILE
File, n. Etym: [F. file row (cf. Pr., Sp., Pg., & It. fila), LL.
fila, fr. L. filum a thread. Cf. Enfilade, Filament, Fillet.]

1. An orderly succession; a line; a row; as:
(a) (Mil) A row of soldiers ranged one behind another; -- in
contradistinction to rank, which designates a row of soldiers
standing abreast; a number consisting the depth of a body of troops,
which, in the ordinary modern formation, consists of two men, the
battalion standing two deep, or in two ranks.

Note: The number of files in a company describes its width, as the
number of ranks does its depth; thus, 100 men in "fours deep" would
be spoken of as 25 files in 4 ranks. Farrow.
(b) An orderly collection of papers, arranged in sequence or
classified for preservation and reference; as, files of letters or of
newspapers; this mail brings English files to the 15th instant.
(c) The line, wire, or other contrivance, by which papers are put and
kept in order.
It is upon a file with the duke's other letters. Shak.

(d) A roll or list. "A file of all the gentry." Shak.

2. Course of thought; thread of narration. [Obs.]
Let me resume the file of my narration. Sir H. Wotton.
File firing, the act of firing by file, or each file independently of
others.
 -- File leader, the soldier at the front of any file, who covers and
leads those in rear of him.
 -- File marching, the marching of a line two deep, when faced to the
right or left, so that the front and rear rank march side by side.
Brande & C. --Indian file, or Single file, a line of men marching one
behind another; a single row.
 -- On file, preserved in an orderly collection.
 -- Rank and file. (a) The body of soldiers constituing the mass of
an army, including corporals and privates. Wilhelm. (b) Those who
constitute the bulk or working members of a party, society, etc., in
distinction from the leaders.

FILE
File, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Filed; p. pr. & vb. n. Filing.]

1. To set in order; to arrange, or lay away, esp. as papers in a
methodical manner for preservation and reverence; to place on file;
to insert in its proper place in an arranged body of papers.
I would have my several courses and my dishes well filed. Beau. & Fl.

2. To bring before a court or legislative body by presenting proper
papers in a regular way; as, to file a petition or bill. Burrill.

3. (Law)

Defn: To put upon the files or among the records of a court; to note
on (a paper) the fact date of its reception in court.
To file a paper, on the part of a party, is to place it in the
official custody of the clerk. To file, on the part of the clerk, is
to indorse upon the paper the date of its reception, and retain it in
his office, subject to inspection by whomsoever it may concern.
Burrill.

FILE
File, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. filer.] (Mil.)

Defn: To march in a file or line, as soldiers, not abreast, but one
after another; -- generally with off. To file with, to follow
closely, as one soldier after another in file; to keep pace.
My endeavors Have ever come too short of my desires, Yet filed with
my abilities. Shak.

FILE
File, n. Etym: [AS. feól; akin to D. viji, OHG. fila, fihala, G.
feile, Sw. fil, Dan. fiil, cf. Icel. , Russ. pila, and Skr. pi to cut
out, adorn; perh. akin to E. paint.]

1. A steel instrument, having cutting ridges or teeth, made by
indentation with a chisel, used for abrading or smoothing other
substances, as metals, wood, etc.

Note: A file differs from a rasp in having the furrows made by
straight cuts of a chisel, either single or crossed, while the rasp
has coarse, single teeth, raised by the pyramidal end of a triangular
punch.

2. Anything employed to smooth, polish, or rasp, literally or
figuratively.
Mock the nice touches of the critic's file. Akenside.

3. A shrewd or artful person. [Slang] Fielding.
Will is an old file spite of his smooth face. Thackeray.
Bastard file, Cross file, etc. See under Bastard, Cross, etc.
 -- Cross-cut file, a file having two sets of teeth crossing
obliquely.
 -- File blank, a steel blank shaped and ground ready for cutting to
form a file.
 -- File cutter, a maker of files.
 -- Second-cut file, a file having teeth of a grade next finer than
bastard.
 -- Single-cut file, a file having only one set of parallel teeth; a
float.
 -- Smooth file, a file having teeth so fine as to make an almost
smooth surface.

FILE
File, v. t.

1. To rub, smooth, or cut away, with a file; to sharpen with a file;
as, to file a saw or a tooth.

2. To smooth or polish as with a file. Shak.
File your tongue to a little more courtesy.Sir W.Scott.

FILE
File, v. t. Etym: [OE. fulen, filen, foulen, AS. f, fr. fFoul, and
cf. Defile, v.t.]

Defn: To make f [Obs.]
All his hairy breast with blood was filed.Spenser.
For Banquo's issue have I filed mind.Shak.

FILE CLOSER
File" clos`er. (Mil.)

Defn: A commissioned or noncommissioned officer posted in the rear of
a line, or on the flank of a column, of soldiers, to rectify mistakes
and insure steadiness and promptness in the ranks.

FILEFISH
File"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any plectognath fish of the genera Monacanthus, Alutera,
balistes, and allied genera; -- so called on account of the roughly
granulated skin, which is sometimes used in place of sandpaper.

FILEMOT
Fil"e*mot, n.

Defn: See Feullemort. Swift.

FILER
Fil"er, n.

Defn: One who works with a file.

FILIAL
Fil"ial, a. Etym: [L. filialis, fr. filius son, filia daughter; akin
to e. female, feminine. Cf. Fitz.]

1. Of or pertaining to a son or daughter; becoming to a child in
relation to his parents; as, filial obedience.

2. Bearing the relation of a child.
And thus the filial Godhead answering spoke. Milton.

FILIALLY
Fil"ial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a filial manner.

FILIATE
Fil"i*ate, v. t.

Defn: To adopt as son or daughter; to establish filiation between.
[R.] Southey.

FILIATION
Fil`i*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. filiatio, fr. L. filius son: cf. F.
filiation. See Filial.]

1. The relationship of a son or child to a parent, esp. to a father.
The relation of paternity and filiation. Sir M. Hale.

2. (Law)

Defn: The assignment of a bastard child to some one as its ather;
affiliation. Smart.

FILIBEG
Fil"i*beg, n. Etym: [Gael. feileadhbeag, i.e., little kilt; feileadh
kilt + beag little, small; cf. filleadh a plait, fold.]

Defn: Same as Kilt. [Written also philibeg.]

FILIBUSTER
Fil"i*bus`ter, n. Etym: [Sp. flibuster, flibustero, corrupted fr. E.
freebooter. See Freebooter.]

Defn: A lawless military adventurer, especially one in quest of
plunder; a freebooter; -- originally applied to buccaneers infesting
the Spanish American coasts, but introduced into common English to
designate the followers of Lopez in his expedition to Cuba in 1851,
and those of Walker in his expedition to Nicaragua, in 1855.

FILIBUSTER
Fil"i*bus*ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fillibustered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Filibustering.]

1. To act as a filibuster, or military freebooter. Bartlett.

2. To delay legislation, by dilatory motions or other artifices.
[political cant or slang, U.S.] Bartlett.

FILIBUSTERISM
Fil"i*bus`ter*ism, n.

Defn: The characteristics or practices of a filibuster. Bartlett.

FILICAL
Fil"i*cal, a.

Defn: Belonging to the Filices, r ferns.

FILICIC
Fi*lic"ic, a. Etym: [L. filix, -icis, a fern.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, ferns; as, filicic acid.

FILICIDE
Fil"i*cide, n. Etym: [L. filius son, filia daughter + caedere to
kill.]

Defn: The act of murdering a son or a daughter; also, parent who
commits such a murder.

FILICIFORM
Fi*lic"i*form, a. Etym: [L. filix, -icis, fern + -form: cf. F.
filiciforme]

Defn: Shaped like a fern or like the parts of a fern leaf. Smart.

FILICOID
Fil"i*coid, a. Etym: [L. filix, -icis, fern + -oid: cf. F.
filicoiïde.] (Bot.)

Defn: Fernlike, either in form or in the nature of the method of
reproduction.

FILICOID
Fil"i*coid, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A fernlike plant. Lindley.

FILIETY
Fi*li"e*ty, n. Etym: [L. filietas.]

Defn: The relation of a son to a father; sonship; -- the correlative
of paternity. J. S. Mill.

FILIFEROUS
Fi*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. filum a thread + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing threads. Carpenter.

FILIFORM
Fil"i*form, a. Etym: [L. filum thread + -form: cf. F. filiforme.]

Defn: Having the shape of a thread or filament; as, the filiform
papillæ of the tongue; a filiform style or peduncle. See Illust. of
AntennÆ.

FILIGRAIN; FILIGRANE
Fil"i*grain, Fil"i*grane, n. Etym: [Sp. filigrana (cf. It. filigrana,
E. filigrane), fr. L. filuma thread + granum grain. See File a row,
and Grain, and cf. Filigree.]

Defn: Filigree. [Archaic]
With her head . . . touches the crown of filigrane. Longfellow.

FILIGRANED
Fil"i*graned, a.

Defn: See Filigreed. [Archaic]

FILIGREE
Fil"i*gree, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. filigrane.]

Defn: Ornamental work, formerly with grains or breads, but now
composed of fine wire and used chiefly in decorating gold and silver
to which the wire is soldered, being arranged in designs frequently
of a delicate and intricate arabesque pattern.

FILIGREE
Fil"i*gree, a.

Defn: Relating to, composed of, or resembling, work in filigree; as,
a filigree basket. Hence: Fanciful; unsubstantial; merely decorative.
You ask for reality, not fiction and filigree work. J. C. Shairp.

FILIGREED
Fil"i*greed, a.

Defn: Adorned with filigree. Tatler.

FILING
Fil"ing, n.

Defn: A fragment or particle rubbed off by the act of filing; as,
iron filings.

FILIOQUE
Fil`i*o"que, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The Latin for, "and from the Son," equivalent to et filio,
inserted by the third council of Toledo (a. d. 589) in the clause qui
ex Patre procedit (who proceedeth from the Father) of the Niceno-
Constantinopolitan Creed (a. d. 381), which makes a creed state that
the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Son as well as from the Father.
Hence, the doctrine itself (not admitted by the Eastern Church).

FILIPENDULOUS
Fil`i*pen"du*lous, a. Etym: [L. filum a thread + pendulus hanging,
fr. pend to hang.] (Bot.)

Defn: Suspended by, or strung upon, a thread; -- said of tuberous
swellings in the middle or at the extremities of slender, threadlike
rootlets.

FILIPINO
Fil`i*pi"no, n.; pl. Filipinos (#). [Sp.]

Defn: A native of the Philippine Islands, specif. one of Spanish
descent or of mixed blood.

Then there are Filipinos, -- "children of the country," they are
called, -- who are supposed to be pure-blooded descendants of Spanish
settlers. But there are few of them without some touch of Chinese or
native blood.
The Century.

FILL
Fill, n. Etym: [See Thill.]

Defn: One of the thills or shafts of a carriage. Mortimer. Fill
horse, a thill horse. Shak.

FILL
Fill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Filled; p. pr. & vb. n. Filling.] Etym:
[OE. fillen, fullen, AS. fyllan, fr. full full; akin to D. vullen, G.
füllen, Icel. fylla, Sw. fylla, Dan. fylde, Goth. fulljan. See Full,
a.]

1. To make full; to supply with as much as can be held or contained;
to put or pour into, till no more can be received; to occupy the
whole capacity of.
The rain also filleth the pools. Ps. lxxxiv. 6.
Jesus saith unto them, Fill the waterpots with water. Anf they filled
them up to the brim. John ii. 7.

2. To furnish an abudant supply to; to furnish with as mush as is
desired or desirable; to occupy the whole of; to swarm in or overrun.
And God blessed them, saying. Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the
waters in the seas. Gen. i. 22.
The Syrians filled the country. 1 Kings xx. 27.

3. To fill or supply fully with food; to feed; to satisfy.
Whence should we have so much bread in the wilderness, as to fillso
great a multitude Matt. xv. 33.
Things that are sweet and fat are more filling. Bacon.

4. To possess and perform the duties of; to officiate in, as an
incumbent; to occupy; to hold; as, a king fills a throne; the
president fills the office of chief magistrate; the speaker of the
House fills the chair.

5. To supply with an incumbent; as, to fill an office or a vacancy.
A. Hamilton.

6. (Naut.)
(a) To press and dilate, as a sail; as, the wind filled the sails.
(b) To trim (a yard) so that the wind shall blow on the after side of
the sails.

7. (Civil Engineering)

Defn: To make an embankment in, or raise the level of (a low place),
with earth or gravel. To fill in, to insert; as, he filled in the
figures.
 -- To fill out, to extend or enlarge to the desired limit; to make
complete; as, to fill out a bill.
 -- To fill up, to make quite full; to fill to the brim or entirely;
to occupy completely; to complete. "The bliss that fills up all the
mind." Pope. "And fill up that which is behind of the afflictions of
Christ." Col. i. 24.

FILL
Fill, v. i.

1. To become full; to have the whole capacity occupied; to have an
abundant supply; to be satiated; as, corn fills well in a warm
season; the sail fills with the wind.

2. To fill a cup or glass for drinking.
Give me some wine; fill full. Shak.
To back and fill. See under Back, v. i.
 -- To fill up, to grow or become quite full; as, the channel of the
river fills up with sand.

FILL
Fill, n. Etym: [AS. fyllo. See Fill, v. t.]

Defn: A full supply, as much as supplies want; as much as gives
complete satisfaction. "Ye shall eat your fill." Lev. xxv. 19.
I'll bear thee hence, where I may weep my fill. Shak.

FILLED CHEESE
Filled cheese.

Defn: An inferior kind of cheese made from skim milk with a fatty
"filling," such as oleomargarine or lard, to replace the fat removed
in the cream.

FILLER
Fill"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, fills; something used for filling.
'T is mere filer, to stop a vacancy in the hexameter. Dryden.
They have six diggers to four fillers, so as to keep the fillers
always at work. Mortimer.

FILLER
Fill"er, n. Etym: [From 1st Fill.]

Defn: A thill horse. [Prov. Eng.]

FILLET
Fil"let, n. Etym: [OE. filet, felet, fr. OF. filet thread, fillet of
meat, dim. of fil a thread, fr. L. filum. See Fille a row.]

1. A little band, especially one intended to encircle the hair of the
head.
A belt her waist, a fillet binds her hair. Pope.

2. (Cooking)

Defn: A piece of lean meat without bone; sometimes, a long strip
rolled together and tied.

Note: A fillet of beef is the under side of the sirlom; also called
tenderloin. A fillet of veal or mutton is the fleshy part of the
thigh. A fillet of fish is a slice of flat fish without bone. "Fillet
of a fenny snake." Shak.

3. A thin strip or ribbon; esp.: (a) A strip of metal from which
coins are punched. (b) A strip of card clothing. (c) A thin
projecting band or strip.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: A concave filling in of a reëntrant angle where two surfaces
meet, forming a rounded corner.

5. (Arch.)

Defn: A narrow flat member; especially, a flat molding separating
other moldings; a reglet; also, the space between two flutings in a
shaft. See Illust. of Base, and Column.

6. (Her.)

Defn: An ordinary equaling in breadth one fourth of the chief, to the
lowest portion of which it corresponds in position.

7. (Mech.)

Defn: The thread of a screw.

8. A border of broad or narrow lines of color or gilt.

9. The raised molding about the muzzle of a gun.

10. Any scantling smaller than a batten.

11. (Anat.)

Defn: A fascia; a band of fibers; applied esp. to certain bands of
white matter in the brain.

12. (Man.)

Defn: The loins of a horse, beginning at the place where the hinder
part of the saddle rests. Arris fillet. See under Arris.

FILLET
Fil"let, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Filleted; p. pr. & vb. n. Filleting.]

Defn: To bind, furnish, or adorn with a fillet.

FILLETING
Fil"let*ing, n.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: The protecting of a joint, as between roof and parapet wall,
with mortar, or cement, where flashing is employed in better work.

2. The material of which fillets are made; also, fillets,
collectively.

FILLIBEG
Fil"li*beg, n.

Defn: A kilt. See Filibeg.

FILLIBUSTER
Fil"li*bus`ter, n.

Defn: See Filibuster.

FILLING
Fill"ing, n.

1. That which is used to fill a cavity or any empty space, or to
supply a deficiency; as, filling for a cavity in a tooth, a
depression in a roadbed, the space between exterior and interior
walls of masonry, the pores of open-grained wood, the space between
the outer and inner planks of a vessel, etc.

2. The woof in woven fabrics.

3. (Brewing)

Defn: Prepared wort added to ale to cleanse it. Back filling. (Arch.)
See under Back, a.

FILLIP
Fil"lip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Filliped; p. pr. & vb. n. Filliping.]
Etym: [For filp, flip. Cf. Flippant.]

1. To strike with the nail of the finger, first placed against the
ball of the thumb, and forced from that position with a sudden
spring; to snap with the finger. "You filip me o' the head." Shak.

2. To snap; to project quickly.
The use of the elastic switch to fillip small missiles with. Tylor.

FILLIP
Fil"lip, n.

1. A jerk of the finger forced suddenly from the thumb; a smart blow.

2. Something serving to rouse or excite.
I take a glass of grog for a filip. Dickens.

FILLIPEEN
Fil"li*peen`, n.

Defn: See Philopena.

FILLISTER
Fil"lis*ter, n.

1. The rabbet on the outer edge of a sash bar to hold the glass and
the putty. Knight.

2. A plane for making a rabbet. Fillister screw had, a short
cylindrical screw head, having a convex top.

FILLY
Fil"ly, n.; pl. Fillies. Etym: [Cf. Icel. fylia, fr. foli foal. See
Foal.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A female foal or colt; a young mare. Cf. Colt, Foal.
Neighing in likeness of a filly foal. Shak.

2. A lively, spirited young girl. [Colloq.] Addison.

FILM
Film, n. Etym: [AS. film skin, fr. fell skin; akin to fylmen
membrane, OFries. filmene skin. See Fell skin.]

1. A thin skin; a pellicle; a membranous covering, causing opacity;
hence, any thin, slight covering.
He from thick films shall purge the visual ray. Pope.

2. A slender thread, as that of a cobweb.
Her whip of cricket's bone, the lash of film. Shak.

FILM
Film, v. t.

Defn: To cover with a thin skin or pellicle.
It will but skin and film the ulcerous place. Shak.

FILMINESS
Film"i*ness, n.

Defn: State of being filmy.

FILMY
Film"y, a.

Defn: Composed of film or films.
Whose filmy cord should bind the struggling fly. Dryden.

FILOPLUMACEOUS
Fil`o*plu*ma"ceous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the structure of a filoplume.

FILOPLUME
Fil"o*plume, n. Etym: [L. filum a thread pluma a soft feather.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A hairlike feather; a father with a slender scape and without a
web in most or all of its length.

FILOSE
Fi"lose`, a. Etym: [L. filum a thread.]

Defn: Terminating in a threadlike process.

FILOSELLE
Fil`o*selle", n. [F., floss silk.]

Defn: A kind of silk thread less glossy than floss, and spun from
coarser material. It is much used in embroidery instead of floss.

FILS
Fils, n. [F., fr. L. filius. See Filial.]

Defn: Son; -- sometimes used after a French proper name to
distinguish a son from his father, as, Alexandre Dumas, fils.

FILTER
Fil"ter, n. Etym: [F. filtre, the same word as feutre felt, LL.
filtrum, feltrum, felt, fulled wool, this being used for straining
liquors. See Feuter.]

Defn: Any porous substance, as cloth, paper, sand, or charcoal,
through which water or other liquid may passed to cleanse it from the
solid or impure matter held in suspension; a chamber or device
containing such substance; a strainer; also, a similar device for
purifying air. Filter bed, a pond, the bottom of which is a filter
composed of sand gravel.
 -- Filter gallery, an underground gallery or tunnel, alongside of a
stream, to collect the water that filters through the intervening
sand and gravel; -- called also infiltration gallery.

FILTER
Fil"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Filtered; p. pr. & vb. n. Filtering]
Etym: [Cf. F. filter. See Filter, n., and cf. Filtrate.]

Defn: To purify or defecate, as water or other liquid, by causing it
to pass through a filter. Filtering paper, or Filter paper, a porous
unsized paper, for filtering.

FILTER
Fil"ter, v. i.

Defn: To pass through a filter; to percolate.

FILTER
Fil"ter, n.

Defn: Same as Philter.

FILTH
Filth, n. Etym: [OE. filthe, fulthe, AS. f, fr. ful foul; akin to
OHG. fulida. See Foul, and cf. File.]

1. Foul matter; anything that soils or defiles; dirt; nastiness.

2. Anything that sullies or defiles the moral character; corruption;
pollution.
To purify the soul from the dross and filth of sensual delights.
Tillotson.
Filth disease (Med.), a disease supposed to be due to pollution of
the soil or water.

FILTHILY
Filth"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a filthy manner; foully.

FILTHINESS
Filth"i*ness, n.

1. The state of being filthy.
Let us cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of the flesh and spirit.
2 Cor. vii. 1.

2. That which is filthy, or makes filthy; foulness; nastiness;
corruption; pollution; impurity.
Carry forth the filthiness out of the holy place. 2 Chron. xxix. 5.

FILTHY
Filth"y, a. [Compar. Filthier; superl. Filthiest.]

Defn: Defiled with filth, whether material or moral; nasty; dirty;
polluted; foul; impure; obscene. "In the filthy-mantled pool." Shak.
He which is filthy let him be filthy still. Rev. xxii. 11.

Syn.
 -- Nasty; foul; dirty; squalid; unclean; sluttish; gross; vulgar;
licentious. See Nasty.

FILTRATE
Fil"trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Filtrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Filtrating.
(] Etym: [Cf. LL. filtrare. See Filter.]

Defn: To filter; to defecate; as liquid, by straining or percolation.
Arbuthnot.

FILTRATE
Fil"trate, n.

Defn: That which has been filtered; the liquid which has passed
through the filter in the process of filtration.

FILTRATION
Fil*tra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. filtration.]

Defn: The act or process of filtering; the mechanical separation of a
liquid from the undissolved particles floating in it.

FIMBLE; FIMBLE HEMP
Fim"ble, n., or Fim"ble hemp`.Etym: [Corrupted from female hemp.]

Defn: Light summer hemp, that bears no seed.

FIMBRIA
Fim"bri*a, n.; pl. Fimbriæ. Etym: [L., fringe. See Fringle.] (Anat.)
(a) pl.

Defn: A fringe, or fringed border.
(b) A band of white matter bordering the hippocampus in the brain.
 -- Fim"bri*al, a.

FIMBRIATE
Fim*bri*ate, a. Etym: [L. fimbriatus fibrous, fringed, fr. fimbria
fiber, fringe. See Fringe.]

Defn: Having the edge or extremity bordered by filiform processes
thicker than hairs; fringed; as, the fimbriate petals of the pink;
the fimbriate end of the Fallopian tube.

FIMBRIATE
Fim"bri*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fimbriated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fimbriating.]

Defn: To hem; to fringe. Fuller.

FIMBRIATED
Fim"bri*a`ted, a.

1. Having a fringed border; fimbriate.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Having a very narrow border of another tincture; -- said esp.
of an ordinary or subordinary.

FIMBRICATE
Fim"bri*cate, a.

1. Fringed; jagged; fimbriate.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: fringed, on one side only, by long, straight hairs, as the
antennæ of certain insects.

FIN
Fin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Finned; p. pr. & vb. n. Finning.] Etym: [Cf.
Fin of a fish.]

Defn: To carve or cut up, as a chub.

FIN
Fin, n. Etym: [See Fine, n.]

Defn: End; conclusion; object. [Obs.] "She knew eke the fin of his
intent." Chaucer.

FIN
Fin, n.Etym: [OE. finne, fin, AS. finn; akin to D. vin, G. & Dan.
finne, Sw. fena, L. pinna, penna, a wing, feather. cf. pen a
feather.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An organ of a fish, consisting of a membrane supported by rays,
or little bony or cartilaginous ossicles, and serving to balance and
propel it in the water.

Note: Fishes move through the water chiefly by means of the caudal
fin or tail, the principal office of the other fins being to balance
or direct the body, though they are also, to a certain extent,
employed in producing motion.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A membranous, finlike, swimming organ, as in pteropod and
heteropod mollusks.

3. A finlike organ or attachment; a part of an object or product
which protrudes like a fin, as:
(a) The hand. [Slang]
(b) (Com.) A blade of whalebone. [Eng.] McElrath.
(c) (Mech.) A mark or ridge left on a casting at the junction of the
parts of a mold.
(d) (Mech.) The thin sheet of metal squeezed out between the collars
of the rolls in the process of rolling. Raymond.
(e) (Mech.) A feather; a spline.

4. A finlike appendage, as to submarine boats. Apidose fin. (Zoöl.)
See under Adipose, a.
 -- Fin ray (Anat.), one of the hornlike, cartilaginous, or bony,
dermal rods which form the skeleton of the fins of fishes.
 -- Fin whale (Zoöl.), a finback.
 -- Paired fins (Zoöl.), the pectoral and ventral fins, corresponding
to the fore and hind legs of the higher animals.
 -- Unpaired, or Median, fins (Zoöl.), the dorsal, caudal, and anal
fins.

FINABLE
Fin"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Fine.]

Defn: Liable or subject to a fine; as, a finable person or offense.
Bacon.

FINAL
Fi"nal, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. finalis, fr. finis boundary, limit, end.
See Finish.]

1. Pertaining to the end or conclusion; last; terminating; ultimate;
as, the final day of a school term.
Yet despair not of his final pardon. Milton.

2. Conclusive; decisive; as, a final judgment; the battle of Waterloo
brought the contest to a final issue.

3. Respecting an end or object to be gained; respecting the purpose
or ultimate end in view. Final cause. See under Cause.

Syn.
 -- Final, Conclusive, Ultimate. Final is now appropriated to that
which brings with it an end; as, a final adjustment; the final
judgment, etc. Conclusive implies the closing of all discussion,
negotiation, etc.; as, a conclusive argument or fact; a conclusive
arrangement. In using ultimate, we have always reference to something
earlier or proceeding; as when we say, a temporary reverse may lead
to an ultimate triumph. The statements which a man finally makes at
the close of a negotiation are usually conclusive as to his ultimate
intentions and designs.

FINALE
Fi*na"le, n. Etym: [It. See Final.]

Defn: Close; termination; as:
(a) (Mus.) The last movement of a symphony, sonata, concerto, or any
instrumental composition.
(b) The last composition performed in any act of an opera.
(c) The closing part, piece, or scene in any public performance or
exhibition.

FINALIST
Fi"nal*ist, n. (Sports)

Defn: Any of the players who meet in the final round of a tournament
in which the losers in any round do not play again.

FINALITY
Fi*nal"i*ty, n.; pl. Finalities. Etym: [L. finalitas the being last.]

1. The state of being final, finished, or complete; a final or
conclusive arrangement; a settlement. Baxter.

2. The relation of end or purpose to its means. Janet.

FINALLY
Fi"nal*ly, adv.

1. At the end or conclusion; ultimately; lastly; as, the contest was
long, but the Romans finally conquered.
Whom patience finally must crown. Milton.

2. Completely; beyond recovery.
Not any house of noble English in Ireland was utterly destroyed or
finally rooted out. Sir J. Davies.

FINANCE
Fi*nance", n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. financia payment of money, money,
fr. finare to pay a fine or subsidy (cf. OF. finer to finish, pay),
fr. L. finis end. See Fine, n., Finish.]

1. The income of a ruler or of a state; revennue; public money;
sometimes, the income of an individual; often used in the plural for
funds; available money; resources.
All the finances or revenues of the imperial crown. Bacon.

2. The science of raising and expending the public revenue. "Versed
in the details of finance." Macaulay.

FINANCIAL
Fi*nan"cial, a.

Defn: Pertaining to finance. "Our financial and commercial system."
Macaulay.

FINANCIALIST
Fi*nan"cial*ist, n.

Defn: A financier.

FINANCIALLY
Fi*nan"cial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dfinancial manner. Burke.

FINANCIER
Fin`an*cier", n. Etym: [Cf. F. financier.]

1. One charged with the administration of finance; an officer who
administers the public revenue; a treasurer. Burke.

2. One skilled in financial operations; one acquainted with money
matters.

FINANCIER
Fin`an*cier", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Financiered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Financiering.]

Defn: To conduct financial operations.

FINARY
Fin"a*ry, n. (Iron Works)

Defn: See Finery.

FINATIVE
Fi"na*tive, a.

Defn: Conclusive; decisive; definitive; final. [Obs.] Greene (1593).

FINBACK
Fin"back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any whale of the genera Sibbaldius, Balænoptera, and allied
genera, of the family Balænopteridæ, characterized by a prominent fin
on the back. The common finbacks of the New England coast are
Sibbaldius tectirostris and S. tuberosus.

FINBAT KITE
Fin"bat kite.

Defn: = Eddy kite. [Eng.]

FINCH
Finch, n.; pl. Fishes. Etym: [AS. finc; akin to D. vink, OHG. fincho,
G. fink; cf. W. pinc a finch; also E. spink.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small singing bird of many genera and species, belonging to
the family Fringillidæ.

Note: The word is often used in composition, as in chaffinch,
goldfinch, grassfinch, pinefinch, etc. Bramble finch. See Brambling.
 -- Canary finch, the canary bird.
 -- Copper finch. See Chaffinch.
 -- Diamond finch. See under Diamond.
 -- Finch falcon (Zoöl.), one of several very small East Indian
falcons of the genus Hierax.
 -- To pull a finch, to swindle an ignorant or unsuspecting person.
[Obs.] "Privily a finch eke could he pull." Chaucer.

FINCHBACKED
Finch"backed`, a.

Defn: Streaked or spotted on the back; -- said of cattle.

FINCHED
Finched, a.

Defn: Same as Finchbacked.

FIND
Find, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Found; p. pr. & vb. n. Finding.] Etym: [AS.
findan; akin to D. vinden, OS. & OHG. findan, G. finden, Dan. finde,
icel. & Sw. finna, Goth. fin; and perh. to L. petere to seek, Gr. pat
to fall, fly, E. petition.]

1. To meet with, or light upon, accidentally; to gain the first sight
or knowledge of, as of something new, or unknown; hence, to fall in
with, as a person.
Searching the window for a flint, I found This paper, thus sealed up.
Shak.
In woods and forests thou art found. Cowley.

2. To learn by experience or trial; to perceive; to experience; to
discover by the intellect or the feelings; to detect; to feel. "I
find you passing gentle." Shak.
The torrid zone is now found habitable. Cowley.

3. To come upon by seeking; as, to find something lost.
(a) To discover by sounding; as, to find bottom.
(b) To discover by study or experiment direct to an object or end;
as, water is found to be a compound substance.
(c) To gain, as the object of desire or effort; as, to find leisure;
to find means.
(d) To attain to; to arrive at; to acquire.
Seek, and ye shall find. Matt. vii. 7.
Every mountain now hath found a tongue. Byron.

4. To provide for; to supply; to furnish; as, to find food for
workemen; he finds his nephew in money.
Wages £14 and all found. London Times.
Nothing a day and find yourself. Dickens.

5. To arrive at, as a conclusion; to determine as true; to establish;
as, to find a verdict; to find a true bill (of indictment) against an
accused person.
To find his title with some shows of truth. Shak.
To find out, to detect (a thief); to discover (a secret) -- to solve
or unriddle (a parable or enigma); to understand. "Canst thou by
searching find out God" Job. xi. 7. "We do hope to find out all your
tricks." Milton.
 -- To find fault with, to blame; to censure.
 -- To find one's self, to be; to fare; -- often used in speaking of
health; as, how do you find yourself this morning

FIND
Find, v. i. (Law)

Defn: To determine an issue of fact, and to declare such a
determination to a court; as, the jury find for the plaintiff.
Burrill.

FIND
Find, n.

Defn: Anything found; a discovery of anything valuable; especially, a
deposit, discovered by archæologists, of objects of prehistoric or
unknown origin.

FINDABLE
Find"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of beong found; discoverable. Fuller.

FINDER
Find"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, finds; specifically (Astron.), a small
telescope of low power and large field of view, attached to a larger
telescope, for the purpose of finding an object more readily.

FIN DE SIECLE
Fin` de siè"cle. [F.]

Defn: Lit., end of the century; -- mostly used adjectively in English
to signify: belonging to, or characteristic of, the close of the 19th
century; modern; "up-to-date;" as, fin-de-siècle ideas.

FINDFAULT
Find"fault`, n.

Defn: A censurer or caviler. [Obs.]

FINDFAULTING
Find"fault`ing, a.

Defn: Apt to censure or cavil; faultfinding; captious. [Obs.]
Whitlock.

FINDING
Find"ing, n.

1. That which is found, come upon, or provided; esp. (pl.), that
which a journeyman artisan finds or provides for himself; as tools,
trimmings, etc.
When a man hath been laboring . . . in the deep mines of knowledge,
hath furnished out his findings in all their equipage. Milton.

2. Support; maintenance; that which is provided for one; expence;
provision.

3. (Law)

Defn: The result of a judicial examination or inquiry, especially
into some matter of fact; a verdict; as, the finding of a jury.
Burrill.
After his friends finding and his rent. Chaucer.

FINDY
Fin"dy, a. Etym: [AS. finding heavy; cf. Dan. fyndig strong,
energetical, fynd strength, energy, emphasis.]

Defn: Full; heavy; firm; solid; substemtial. [Obs.]
A cold May and a windy Makes the barn fat amd findy. Old Prover

FINE
Fine, a. [Compar. Finer; superl. Finest.] Etym: [F. fin, LL. finus
fine, pure, fr. L. finire to finish; cf. finitus, p.p., finished,
completed (hence the sense accomplished, perfect.) See Finish, and
cf. Finite.]

1. Finished; brought to perfection; refined; hence, free from
impurity; excellent; superior; elegant; worthy of admiration;
accomplished; beautiful.
The gain thereof [is better] than fine gold. Prov. iii. 14.
A cup of wine that's brisk and fine. Shak.
Not only the finest gentleman of his time, but one of the finest
scholars. Felton.
To soothe the sick bed of so fine a being [Keats]. Leigh Hunt.

2. Aiming at show or effect; loaded with ornament; overdressed or
overdecorated; showy.
He gratified them with occasional . . . fine writing. M. Arnold.

3. Nice; delicate; subtle; exquisite; artful; skillful; dexterous.
The spider's touch, how exquisitely fine! Pope.
The nicest and most delicate touches of satire consist in fine
raillery. Dryden.
He has as fine a hand at picking a pocket as a woman. T. Gray.

4. Not coarse, gross, or heavy; as:
(a) Not gross; subtile; thin; tenous.
The eye standeth in the finer medium and the object in the grosser.
Bacon.

(b) Not coarse; comminuted; in small particles; as, fine sand or
flour.
(c) Not thick or heavy; slender; filmy; as, a fine thread.
(d) Thin; attenuate; keen; as, a fine edge.
(e) Made of fine materials; light; delicate; as, fine linen or silk.

5. Having (such) a proportion of pure metal in its composition; as,
coins nine tenths fine.

6. (Used ironically.)
Ye have made a fine hand, fellows. Shak.

Note: Fine is often compounded with participles and adjectives,
modifying them adverbially; a, fine-drawn, fine-featured, fine-
grained, fine-spoken, fine-spun, etc. Fine arch (Glass Making), the
smaller fritting furnace of a glasshouse. Knight.
 -- Fine arts. See the Note under Art.
 -- Fine cut, fine cut tobacco; a kind of chewing tobacco cut up into
shreds.
 -- Fine goods, woven fabrics of fine texture and quality. McElrath.
 -- Fine stuff, lime, or a mixture of lime, plaster, etc., used as
material for the finishing coat in plastering.
 -- To sail fine (Naut.), to sail as close to the wind as possible.

Syn.
 -- Fine, Beautiful. When used as a word of praise, fine (being
opposed to coarse) denotes no "ordinary thing of its kind." It is not
as strong as beautiful, in reference to the single attribute implied
in the latter term; but when we speak of a fine woman, we include a
greater variety of particulars, viz., all the qualities which become
a woman, -- breeding, sentiment, tact, etc. The term is equally
comprehensive when we speak of a fine garden, landscape, horse, poem,
etc.; and, though applied to a great variety of objects, the word has
still a very definite sense, denoting a high degree of characteristic
excellence.

FINE
Fine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fined; p. pr. & vb. n. Fining.] Etym: [From
Fine, a.]

1. To make fine; to refine; to purify, to clarify; as, to fine gold.
It hath been fined and refined by . . . learned men. Hobbes.

2. To make finer, or less coarse, as in bulk, texture, etc.; as. to
fine the soil. L. H. Bailey.

3. To change by fine gradations; as (Naut.), to fine down a ship's
lines, to diminish her lines gradually.
I often sate at home On evenings, watching how they fined themselves
With gradual conscience to a perfect night. Browning.

FINE
Fine, n. Etym: [OE. fin, L. finis end, also in LL., a final agreement
or concord between the lord and his vassal; a sum of money paid at
the end, so as to make an end of a transaction, suit, or prosecution;
mulct; penalty; cf. OF. fin end, settlement, F. fin end. See Finish,
and cf. Finance.]

1. End; conclusion; termination; extinction. [Obs.] "To see their
fatal fine." Spenser.
Is this the fine of his fines Shak.

2. A sum of money paid as the settlement of a claim, or by way of
terminating a matter in dispute; especially, a payment of money
imposed upon a party as a punishment for an offense; a mulct.

3. (Law)
(a) (Feudal Law) A final agreement concerning lands or rents between
persons, as the lord and his vassal. Spelman.
(b) (Eng. Law) A sum of money or price paid for obtaining a benefit,
favor, or privilege, as for admission to a copyhold, or for obtaining
or renewing a lease. Fine for alienation (Feudal Law), a sum of money
paid to the lord by a tenant whenever he had occasion to make over
his land to another. Burrill.
 -- Fine of lands, a species of conveyance in the form of a
fictitious suit compromised or terminated by the acknowledgment of
the previous owner that such land was the right of the other party.
Burrill. See Concord, n., 4.
 -- In fine, in conclusion; by way of termination or summing up.

FINE
Fine, v. t. Etym: [From Fine, n.]

Defn: To impose a pecuniary penalty upon for an offense or breach of
law; to set a fine on by judgment of a court; to punish by fine; to
mulct; as, the trespassers were fined ten dollars.

FINE
Fine, v. i.

Defn: To pay a fine. See Fine, n., 3 (b). [R.]
Men fined for the king's good will; or that he would remit his anger;
women fined for leave to marry. Hallam.

FINE
Fine, v. t. & i. Etym: [OF. finer, F. finir. See Finish, v. t.]

Defn: To finish; to cease; or to cause to cease. [Obs.]

FINEDRAW
Fine"draw`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Finedrawn; p. pr. & vb. n.
Finedrawing.]

Defn: To sew up, so nicely that the seam is not perceived; to renter.
Marryat.

FINEDRAWER
Fine"draw`er, n.

Defn: One who finedraws.

FINEDRAWN
Fine"drawn`, a.

Defn: Drawn out with too much subtilty; overnice; as, finedrawn
speculations.

FINEER
Fi*neer", v. i.

Defn: To run in dept by getting goods made up in a way unsuitable for
the use of others, and then threatening not to take them except on
credit. [R.] Goldsmith.

FINEER
Fi*neer", v. t.

Defn: To veneer.

FINELESS
Fine"less, a. Etym: [Fine end + -less.]

Defn: Endless; boundless. [Obs.] Shak.

FINELY
Fine"ly, adv.

Defn: In a fine or finished manner.

FINENESS
Fine"ness, n. Etym: [From Fine, a.]

1. The quality or condition of being fine.

2. Freedom from foreign matter or alloy; clearness; purity; as, the
fineness of liquor.
The fineness of the gold, and chargeful fashion. Shak.

3. The proportion of pure silver or gold in jewelry, bullion, or
coins.

Note: The fineness of United States coin is nine tenths, that of
English gold coin is eleven twelfths, and that of English silver coin
is

4. Keenness or sharpness; as, the fineness of a needle's point, or of
the edge of a blade.

FINER
Fin"er, n.

Defn: One who fines or purifies.

FINERY
Fin"er*y, n.

1. Fineness; beauty. [Obs.]
Don't choose your place of study by the finery of the prospects. I.
Watts.

2. Ornament; decoration; especially, excecially decoration; showy
clothes; jewels.
Her mistress' cast-off finery. F. W. Robertson.

3. Etym: [Cf. Refinery.] (Iron Works)

Defn: A charcoal hearth or furnace for the conversion of cast iron
into wrought iron, or into iron suitable for puddling.

FINESPUN
Fine"spun`, a.

Defn: Spun so as to be fine; drawn to a fine thread; attenuated;
hence, unsubstantial; visionary; as, finespun theories.

FINESSE
Fi`nesse" ( or ), n. Etym: [F., fr. fin fine. See Fine, a.]

1. Subtilty of contrivance to gain a point; artifice; stratagem.
This is the artificialest piece of finesse to persuade men into
slavery. Milton.

2. (Whist Playing)

Defn: The act of finessing. See Finesse, v. i., 2.

FINESSE
Fi*nesse", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Finessed; p. pr. & vb. n. Finessing.]

1. To use artifice or stratagem. Goldsmith.

2. (Whist Playing)

Defn: To attempt, when second or third player, to make a lower card
answer the purpose of a higher, when an intermediate card is out,
risking the chance of its being held by the opponent yet to play.

FINESTILL
Fine"still`, v. t.

Defn: To distill, as spirit from molasses or some saccharine
preparation.

FINESTILLER
Fine"still`er, n.

Defn: One who finestills.

FINEW
Fin"ew, n. Etym: [See Fenowed.]

Defn: Moldiness. [R.]

FINFISH
Fin"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A finback whale.
(b) (pl.) True fish, as distinguished from shellfish.

FINFOOT
Fin"foot`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American bird (heliornis fulica) allied to the grebes.
The name is also applied to several related species of the genus
Podica.

FIN-FOOTED
Fin"-foot`ed, a. (Zoöl.)
(a) Having palmate feet.
(b) Having lobate toes, as the coot and grebe.

FINGER
Fin"ger, n. Etym: [AS. finger; akin to D. vinger, OS. & OHG. fingar,
G. finger, Icel. fingr, Sw. & Dan. finger, Goth. figgrs; of unknown
origin; perh. akin to E. fang.]

1. One of the five terminating members of the hand; a digit; esp.,
one of the four extermities of the hand, other than the thumb.

2. Anything that does work of a finger; as, the pointer of a clock,
watch, or other registering machine; especially (Mech.) a small
projecting rod, wire, or piece, which is brought into contact with an
object to effect, direct, or restrain a motion.

3. The breadth of a finger, or the fourth part of the hand; a measure
of nearly an inch; also, the length of finger, a measure in domestic
use in the United States, of about four and a half inches or one
eighth of a yard.
A piece of steel three fingers thick. Bp. Wilkins.

4. Skill in the use of the fingers, as in playing upon a musical
instrument. [R.]
She has a good finger. Busby.
Ear finger, the little finger.
 -- Finger alphabet. See Dactylology.
 -- Finger bar, the horizontal bar, carrying slotted spikes, or
fingers, through which the vibratory knives of mowing and reaping
machines play.
 -- Finger board (Mus.), the part of a stringed instrument against
which the fingers press the strings to vary the tone; the keyboard of
a piano, organ, etc.; manual.
 -- Finger bowl or glass, a bowl or glass to hold water for rinsing
the fingers at table.
 -- Finger flower (Bot.), the foxglove.
 -- Finger grass (Bot.), a kind of grass (Panicum sanguinale) with
slender radiating spikes; common crab grass. See Crab grass, under
Crab.
 -- Finger nut, a fly nut or thumb nut.
 -- Finger plate, a strip of metal, glass, etc., to protect a painted
or polished door from finger marks.
 -- Finger post, a guide post bearing an index finger.
 -- Finger reading, reading printed in relief so as to be sensible to
the touch; -- so made for the blind.
 -- Finger shell (Zoöl.), a marine shell (Pholas dactylus) resembling
a finger in form.
 -- Finger sponge (Zoöl.), a sponge having finger-shaped lobes, or
branches.
 -- Finger stall, a cover or shield for a finger.
 -- Finger steel, a steel instrument for whetting a currier's knife.
To burn one's fingers. See under Burn.
 -- To have a finger in, to be concerned in. [Colloq.] -- To have at
one's fingers' ends, to be thoroughly familiar with. [Colloq.]

FINGER
Fin"ger, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fingered; p. pr. & vb. n. Fingering.]

1. To touch with the fingers; to handle; to meddle with.
Let the papers lie; You would be fingering them to anger me. Shak.

2. To touch lightly; to toy with.

3. (Mus.)
(a) To perform on an instrument of music.
(b) To mark the notes of (a piece of music) so as to guide the
fingers in playing.

4. To take thievishly; to pilfer; to purloin. Shak.

5. To execute, as any delicate work.

FINGER
Fin"ger, v. i. (Mus.)

Defn: To use the fingers in playing on an instrument. Busby.

FINGERED
Fin"gered, a.

1. Having fingers.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having leaflets like fingers; digitate.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: Marked with figures designating which finger should be used for
each note.

FINGERER
Fin"ger*er, n.

Defn: One who fingers; a pilferer.

FINGERING
Fin"ger*ing, n.

1. The act or process of handling or touching with the fingers.
The mere sight and fingering of money. Grew.

2. The manner of using the fingers in playing or striking the keys of
an instrument of music; movement or management of the fingers in
playing on a musical instrument, in typewriting, etc.

3. The marking of the notes of a piece of music to guide or regulate
the action or use of the fingers.

4. Delicate work made with the fingers. Spenser.

FINGERLING
Fin"ger*ling, n. Etym: [Finger + -ling.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young salmon. See Parr.

FINGLE-FANGLE
Fin"gle-fan`gle, n. Etym: [From fangle.]

Defn: A trifle. [Low] Hudibras.

FINGRIGO
Fin"gri*go, n.; pl. Fingrigos. Etym: [So called in Jamaica.] (Bot.)

Defn: A prickly, climbing shrub of the genus Pisonia. The fruit is a
kind of berry.

FINIAL
Fin"*i*al, n. Etym: [L. finire to finish, end. See Finish.] (Arch.)

Defn: The knot or bunch of foliage, or foliated ornament, that forms
the upper extremity of a pinnacle in Gothic architecture; sometimes,
the pinnacle itself.

FINICAL
Fin"i*cal, a. Etym: [From Fine, a.]

Defn: Affectedly fine; overnice; unduly particular; fastidious.
"Finical taste." Wordsworth.
The gross style consists in giving no detail, the finical in giving
nothing else. Hazlitt.

Syn.
 -- Finical, Spruce, Foppish. These words are applied to persons who
are studiously desirous to cultivate finery of appearance. One who is
spruce is elaborately nice in dress; one who is finical shows his
affectation in language and manner as well as in dress; one who is
foppish distinguishes himself by going to the extreme of the fashion
in the cut of his clothes, by the tawdriness of his ornaments, and by
the ostentation of his manner. "A finical gentleman clips his words
and screws his body into as small a compass as possible, to give
himself the air of a delicate person; a spruce gentleman strives not
to have a fold wrong in his frill or cravat, nor a hair of his head
to lie amiss; a foppish gentleman seeks . . . to render himself
distinguished for finery." Crabb.
 -- Fin"i*cal*ly, adv.
 -- Fin"i*cal*ness, n.

FINICALITY
Fin`i*cal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being finical; finicalness.

FINICKING; FINICKY
Fin"ick*ing, Fin"ick*y, a.

Defn: Finical; unduly particular. [Colloq.]

FINIFIC
Fi*nif"ic ( or ), n. Etym: [L. finis end + facere to make.]

Defn: A limiting element or quality. [R.]
The essential finific in the form of the finite. Coleridge.

FINIFY
Fin"i*fy ( or ), v. t. Etym: [Fine, a. + -fy.]

Defn: To make fine; to dress finically. [Obs.]
Hath so pared and finified them [his feet.] B. Jonson.

FINIKIN
Fin"i*kin, a. Etym: [Fine, a. + -kin.]

Defn: Precise in trifles; idly busy. [Colloq.] Smart.

FINING
Fin"ing, n.

1. The act of imposing a fin

2. The process of fining or refining; clarification; also (Metal.),
the conversion of cast iron into suitable for puddling, in a hearth
or charcoal fire.

3. That which is used to refine; especially, a preparation of
isinglass, gelatin, etc., for clarifying beer. Fining pot, a vessel
in which metals are refined. Prov. xvii. 3.

FINIS
Fi"nis, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: An end; conclusion. It is often placed at the end of a book.

FINISH
Fin"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Finished; p. pr. & vb. n. Finishing.]
Etym: [F. finir (with a stem finiss- in several forms, whence E. -
ish: see -ish.),fr. L. finire to limit, finish, end, fr. finis
boundary, limit, end; perh. for fidnis, and akin findere to cleave,
E. fissure.]

1. To arrive at the end of; to bring to an end; to put an end to; to
make an end of; to terminate.
And heroically hath finished A life heroic. Milton.

2. To bestow the last required labor upon; to complete; to bestow the
utmost possible labor upon; to perfect; to accomplish; to polish.

Syn.
 -- To end; terminate; close; conclude; complete; accomplish;
perfect.

FINISH
Fin"ish, v. i.

1. To come to an end; to terminate.
His days may finish ere that hapless time. Shak.

2. To end; to die. [R.] Shak.

FINISH
Fin"ish, n.

1. That which finishes, puts an end to

2. (Arch.)

Defn: The joiner work and other finer work required for the
completion of a building, especially of the interior. See Inside
finish, and Outside finish.

3. (Fine Arts)
(a) The labor required to give final completion to any work; hence,
minute detail, careful elaboration, or the like.
(b) See Finishing coat, under Finishing.

4. The result of completed labor, as on the surface of an object;
manner or style of finishing; as, a rough, dead, or glossy finish
given to cloth, stone, metal, etc.

5. Completion; -- opposed to Ant: start, or Ant: beginning.

FINISHED
Fin"ished, a.

Defn: Polished to the highest degree of excellence; complete;
perfect; as, a finished poem; a finished education. Finished work
(Mach.), work that is made smooth or polished, though not necessarily
completed.

FINISHER
Fin"ish*er, n.

1. One who finishes, puts an end to, completes, or perfects; esp.
used in the trades, as in hatting, weaving, etc., for the workman who
gives a finishing touch to the work, or any part of it, and brings it
to perfection.
O prophet of glad tidings, finisher Of utmost hope! Milton.

2. Something that gives the finishing touch to, or settles, anything.
[Colloq.]

FINISHING
Fin"ish*ing, n.

Defn: The act or process of completing or perfecting; the final work
upon or ornamentation of a thing.

FINISHING
Fin"ish*ing, a.

Defn: Tending to complete or to render fit for the market or for use.
Finishing coat. (a) (Plastering) the final coat of plastering applied
to walls and ceilings, usually white and rubbed smooth. (b)
(Painting) The final coat of paint, usually differently mixed applied
from the others.
 -- Finishing press, a machine for pressing fabrics.
 -- Finishing rolls (Iron Working), the rolls of a train which
receive the bar from roughing rolls, and reduce it to its finished
shape. Raymond.

FINITE
Fi"nite, a. Etym: [L. finitus, p.p. of finire. See Finish, and cf.
Fine, a.]

Defn: Having a limit; limited in quantity, degree, or capacity;
bounded; -- opposed to infinite; as, finite number; finite existence;
a finite being; a finite mind; finite duration.

FINITELESS
Fi"nite*less, a

Defn: Infinite. [Obs.] Sir T. browne.

FINITELY
Fi"nite*ly, adv.

Defn: In a finite manner or degree.

FINITENESS
Fi"nite*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being finite.

FINITUDE
Fin"i*tude, n. Etym: [L. finire. See Finish.]

Defn: Limitation. Cheyne.

FINJAN
Fin*jan", n. [Also fingan, findjan, fingian, etc.] [Ar. finjan.]

Defn: In the Levant, a small coffee cup without a handle, such as is
held in a cup or stand called a zarf.

FIN KEEL
Fin keel. (Naut.)

Defn: A projection downward from the keel of a yacht, resembling in
shape the fin of a fish, though often with a cigar-shaped bulb of
lead at the bottom, and generally made of metal. Its use is to
ballast the boat and also to enable her to sail close to the wind and
to make the least possible leeway by offering great resistance to
lateral motion through the water.

FINLANDER
Fin"land*er, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Finland.

FINLESS
Fin"less, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: destitute of fins.

FINLET
Fin"let, n. Etym: [Fin + -let.]

Defn: A little fin; one of the parts of a divided fin.

FINLIKE
Fin"like`, a.

Defn: Resembling a fin.

FINN
Finn, a.

Defn: A native of Finland; one of the FinnFinns.

FINNAN HADDIE
Fin"nan had"die. Etym: [See Haddock.]

Defn: Haddock cured in peat smoke, originally at Findon (pron.
fìn"an), Scotland. the name is also applied to other kinds of smoked
haddock. [Written also finnan haddock.]

FINNED
Finned, a.

Defn: Having a fin, or fins, or anything resembling a fin. Mortimer.

FINNER
Fin"ner, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A finback whale.

FINNIC
Finn"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Finns.

FINNIKIN
Fin"ni*kin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of pigeon, with a crest somewhat resembling the mane
of a horse. [Written also finikin.]

FINNISH
Finn"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Finland, to the Finns, or to their
language.
 -- n.

Defn: A Northern Turanian group of languages; the language of the
Finns.

FINNS
Finns, n. pl.; sing. Finn. (Ethnol.)
(a) Natives of Finland; Finlanders.
(b) A branch of the Mongolian race, inhabiting Northern and Eastern
Europe, including the Magyars, Bulgarians, Permians, Lapps, and
Finlanders. [Written also Fins.]

FINNY
Fin"ny, a.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having, or abounding in, fins, as fishes; pertaining to fishes.

2. Abounding in fishes.
With patient angle trolls the finny deep. Goldsmoth.

FINOCHIO
Fi*no"chi*o, n. Etym: [It. finocchio fennel, LL. fenuclum. See
Fennel.] (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant (Foeniculum dulce) having a somewhat
tuberous stem; sweet fennel. The blanched stems are used in France
and Italy as a culinary vegetable.

FINOS
Fi"nos, n. pl. Etym: [Sp., pl., fr. fino fine.]

Defn: Second best wool from Merino sheep. Gardner.

FINPIKE
Fin"pike`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bichir. See Crossopterygii.

FINSEN LIGHT
Fin"sen light. [After Prof. Niels R. Finsen (b. 1860), Danish
physician.] (Med.)

Defn: Highly actinic light, derived from sunlight or from some form
of electric lamp, used in the treatment of lupus and other cutaneous
affections.

FINT
Fint,

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pr. of Find, for findeth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FIN-TOED
Fin"-toed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having toes connected by a membrane; palmiped; palmated; also,
lobate.

FIORD
Fiord (fyi or y consonant, § 272), n. Etym: [Dan. & Norw. fiord. See
Frith.]

Defn: A narrow inlet of the sea, penetrating between high banks or
rocks, as on the coasts of Norway and Alaska. [Written also fjord.]

FIORIN
Fi"o*rin, n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. fiothran a sort of grass.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of creeping bent grass (Agrostis alba); -- called
also fiorin grass.

FIORITE
Fi"o*rite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of opal occuring in the cavities of volcanic tufa, in
smooth and shining globular and botryoidal masses, having a pearly
luster; -- so called from Fiora, in Ischia.

FIORITURE
Fio`ri*tu"re, n. pl. Etym: [It., pl. of fioritura a flowering.]
(Mus.)

Defn: Little flowers of ornament introduced into a melody by a singer
or player.

FIPPENNY BIT
Fip"pen*ny bit` ( or ). Etym: [Corruption of five penny bit.]

Defn: The Spanish half real, or one sixteenth of a dollar, -- so
called in Pennsylvania and the adjacent States. [Obs.]

Note: Before the act of Congress, Feb. 21, 1857, caused the adoption
of decimal coins and the withdrawal of foreign coinage from
circulation, this coin passed currently for 6fourpence ha'penny or
fourpence; in New York a sixpence; in Pennsylvania, Virginia, etc., a
fip; and in Louisiana, a picayune.

FIPPLE
Fip"ple (fer), n. Etym: [perh. fr. L. fibula a clasp, a pin; cf.
Prov. E. fible a stick used to stir pottage.]

Defn: A stopper, as in a wind instrument of music. [Obs.] Bacon.

FIR
Fir, n. Etym: [Dan. fyr, fyrr; akin to Sw. furu, Icel. fura, AS. furh
in furhwudu fir wood, G. föhre, OHG. forha pine, vereheih a sort of
oak, L. quercus (Bot.)

Defn: A genus (Abies) of coniferous trees, often of large size and
elegant shape, some of them valued for their timber and others for
their resin. The species are distinguished as the balsam fir, the
silver fir, the red fir, etc. The Scoth fir is a Pinus.

Note: Fir in the Bible means any one of several coniferous trees,
including, cedar, cypress, and probably three species of pine. J. D.
Hooker.

FIRE
Fire, n. Etym: [OE. fir, fyr, fur AS. fr; akin to D. vuur, OS. & OHG.
fiur, G. feuer, Icel. f, f, Gr. purus pure, E. pure Cf. Empyrean,
Pyre.]

1. The evolution of light and heat in the combustion of bodies;
combustion; state of ignition.

Note: The form of fire exhibited in the combustion of gases in an
ascending stream or current is called flame. Anciently, fire, air,
earth, and water were regarded as the four elements of which all
things are composed.

2. Fuel in a state of combustion, as on a hearth, or in

3. The burning of a house or town; a conflagration.

4. Anything which destroys or affects like fire.

5. Ardor of passion, whether love or hate; excessive warmth;
consumingviolence of temper.
he had fire in his temper.Atterbury.

6. Liveliness of imagination or fancy; intellectual and moral
enthusiasm; capacity for ardor and zeal.
And bless their critic with a poet's fire.Pope.

7. Splendor; brilliancy; luster; hence, a star.
Stars, hide your fires.Shak.
As in a zodiac
representing the heavenly fires.Milton.

8. Torture by burning; severe trial or affliction.

9. The discharge of firearms; firing; as, the troops were exposed to
a heavy fire. Blue fire, Red fire, Green fire (Pyrotech.),
compositions of various combustible substances, as sulphur, niter,
lampblack, etc., the flames of which are colored by various metallic
salts, as those of antimony, strontium, barium, etc.
 -- Fire alarm (a) A signal given on the breaking out of a fire. (b)
An apparatus for giving such an alarm.
 -- Fire annihilator, a machine, device, or preparation to be kept at
hand for extinguishing fire by smothering it with some incombustible
vapor or gas, as carbonic acid.
 -- Fire balloon. (a) A balloon raised in the air by the buoyancy of
air heated by a fire placed in the lower part. (b) A balloon sent up
at night with fireworks which ignite at a regulated height. Simmonds.
 -- Fire bar, a grate bar.
 -- Fire basket, a portable grate; a cresset. Knight.
 -- Fire beetle. (Zoöl.) See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Fire blast, a disease of plants which causes them to appear as if
burnt by fire.
 -- Fire box, the chamber of a furnace, steam boiler, etc., for the
fire.
 -- Fire brick, a refractory brick, capable of sustaining intense
heat without fusion, usually made of fire clay or of siliceous
material, with some cementing substance, and used for lining fire
boxes, etc.
 -- Fire brigade, an organized body of men for extinguished fires.
 -- Fire bucket. See under Bucket.
 -- Fire bug, an incendiary; one who, from malice or through mania,
persistently sets fire to property; a pyromaniac. [U.S.] -- Fire
clay. See under Clay.
 -- Fire company, a company of men managing an engine in
extinguishing fires.
 -- Fire cross. See Fiery cross. [Obs.] Milton.
 -- Fire damp. See under Damp.
 -- Fire dog. See Firedog, in the Vocabulary.
 -- Fire drill. (a) A series of evolutions performed by fireman for
practice. (b) An apparatus for producing fire by friction, by rapidly
twirling a wooden pin in a wooden socket; -- used by the Hindoos
during all historic time, and by many savage peoples.
 -- Fire eater. (a) A juggler who pretends to eat fire. (b) A
quarrelsome person who seeks affrays; a hotspur. [Colloq.] -- Fire
engine, a portable forcing pump, usually on wheels, for throwing
water to extinguish fire.
 -- Fire escape, a contrivance for facilitating escape from burning
buildings.
 -- Fire gilding (Fine Arts), a mode of gilding with an amalgam of
gold and quicksilver, the latter metal being driven off afterward by
heat.
 -- Fire gilt (Fine Arts), gold laid on by the process of fire
gilding.
 -- Fire insurance, the act or system of insuring against fire; also,
a contract by which an insurance company undertakes, in consideration
of the payment of a premium or small percentage -- usually made
periodically -- to indemnify an owner of property from loss by fire
during a specified period.
 -- Fire irons, utensils for a fireplace or grate, as tongs, poker,
and shovel.
 -- Fire main, a pipe for water, to be used in putting out fire.
 -- Fire master (Mil), an artillery officer who formerly supervised
the composition of fireworks.
 -- Fire office, an office at which to effect insurance against fire.
 -- Fire opal, a variety of opal giving firelike reflections.
 -- Fire ordeal, an ancient mode of trial, in which the test was the
ability of the accused to handle or tread upon red-hot irons. Abbot.
 -- Fire pan, a pan for holding or conveying fire, especially the
receptacle for the priming of a gun.
 -- Fire plug, a plug or hydrant for drawing water from the main
pipes in a street, building, etc., for extinguishing fires.
 -- Fire policy, the writing or instrument expressing the contract of
insurance against loss by fire.
 -- Fire pot. (a) (Mil.) A small earthen pot filled with
combustibles, formerly used as a missile in war. (b) The cast iron
vessel which holds the fuel or fire in a furnace. (c) A crucible. (d)
A solderer's furnace.
 -- Fire raft, a raft laden with combustibles, used for setting fire
to an enemy's ships.
 -- Fire roll, a peculiar beat of the drum to summon men to their
quarters in case of fire.
 -- Fire setting (Mining), the process of softening or cracking the
working face of a lode, to facilitate excavation, by exposing it to
the action of fire; -- now generally superseded by the use of
explosives. Raymond.
 -- Fire ship, a vessel filled with combustibles, for setting fire to
an enemy's ships.
 -- Fire shovel, a shovel for taking up coals of fire.
 -- Fire stink, the stench from decomposing iron pyrites, caused by
the formation of sulphureted hydrogen. Raymond.
 -- Fire surface, the surfaces of a steam boiler which are exposed to
the direct heat of the fuel and the products of combustion; heating
surface.
 -- Fire swab, a swab saturated with water, for cooling a gun in
action and clearing away particles of powder, etc. Farrow.
 -- Fire teaser, in England, the fireman of a steam emgine.
 -- Fire water, ardent spirits; -- so called by the American Indians.
 -- Fire worship, the worship of fire, which prevails chiefly in
Persia, among the followers of Zoroaster, called Chebers, or Guebers,
and among the Parsees of India.
 -- Greek fire. See under Greek.
 -- On fire, burning; hence, ardent; passionate; eager; zealous.
 -- Running fire, the rapid discharge of firearms in succession by a
line of troops.
 -- St. Anthony's fire, erysipelas; -- an eruptive fever which St.
Anthony was supposed to cure miraculously. Hoblyn.
 -- St. Elmo's fire. See under Saint Elmo.
 -- To set on fire, to inflame; to kindle.
 -- To take fire, to begin to burn; to fly into a passion.

FIRE
Fire, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fired; p. pr. & vb. n. Fring.]

1. To set on fire; to kindle; as, to fire a house or chimney; to fire
a pile.

2. To subject to intense heat; to bake; to burn in a kiln; as, to
fire pottery.

3. To inflame; to irritate, as the passions; as, to fire the soul
with anger, pride, or revenge.
Love had fired my mind. Dryden.

4. To animate; to give life or spirit to; as, to fire the genius of a
young man.

5. To feed or serve the fire of; as, to fire a boiler.

6. To light up as if by fire; to illuminate.
[The sun] fires the proud tops of the eastern pines. Shak.

7. To cause to explode; as, to fire a torpedo; to disharge; as, to
fire a musket or cannon; to fire cannon balls, rockets, etc.

8. To drive by fire. [Obs.]
Till my bad angel fire my good one out. Shak.

9. (Far.)

Defn: To cauterize. To fire up, to light up the fires of, as of an
engine.

FIRE
Fire, v. i.

1. To take fire; to be kindled; to kindle.

2. To be irritated or inflamed with passion.

3. To discharge artillery or firearms; as, they fired on the town. To
fire up, to grow irritated or angry. "He . . . fired up, and stood
vigorously on his defense." Macaulay.

FIREARM
Fire"arm`, n.

Defn: A gun, pistol, or any weapon from a shot is discharged by the
force of an explosive substance, as gunpowder.

FIREBACK
Fire"back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of pheasants of the genus Euplocamus,
having the lower back a bright, fiery red. They inhabit Southern Asia
and the East Indies.

FIREBALL
Fire"ball`, n.
(a) (Mil.) A ball filled with powder or other combustibles, intended
to be thrown among enemies, and to injure by explosion; also, to set
fire to their works and light them up, so that movements may be seen.
(b) A luminous meteor, resembling a ball of fire passing rapidly
through the air, and sometimes exploding.

FIREBARE
Fire"bare`, n.

Defn: A beacon. [Obs.] Burrill.

FIRE BEETLE
Fire" bee`tle. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very brilliantly luminous beetle (Pyrophorus noctilucus), one
of the elaters, found in Central and South America; -- called also
cucujo. The name is also applied to other species. See Firefly.

FIREBIRD
Fire"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Baltimore oriole.

FIREBOARD
Fire"board`, n.

Defn: A chimney board or screen to close a fireplace when not in use.

FIREBOTE
Fire"bote`, n. (O.Eng.Law)

Defn: An allowance of fuel. See Bote.

FIREBRAND
Fire"brand`, n.

1. A piece of burning wood. L'Estrange.

2. One who inflames factions, or causes contention and mischief; an
incendiary. Bacon.

FIRECRACKER
Fire"crack`er, n.

Defn: See Cracker., n., 3.

FIRECREST
Fire"crest`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European kinglet (Regulus ignicapillus), having a
bright red crest; -- called also fire-crested wren.

FIREDOG
Fire"dog`, n.

Defn: A support for wood in a fireplace; an andiron.

FIREDRAKE
Fire"drake`, n. Etym: [AS. f; f fire + draca a dragon. See Fire, and
Drake a dragon.] [Obs.]

1. A fiery dragon. Beau. & Fl.

2. A fiery meteor; an ignis fatuus; a rocket.

3. A worker at a furnace or fire. B. Jonson.

FIRE-FANGED
Fire"-fanged`, a. Etym: [Fire + fanged seized.]

Defn: Injured as by fire; burned; -- said of manure which has lost
its goodness and acquired an ashy hue in consequence of heat
generated by decomposition.

FIREFISH
Fire"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A singular marine fish of the genus Pterois, family Scorpænidæ,
of several species, inhabiting the Indo-Pacific region. They are
usually red, and have very large spinose pectoral and dorsal fins.

FIREFLAIRE
Fire"flaire`, n. Etym: [Fire + Prov. E. flaire a ray.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European sting ray of the genus Trygon (T. pastinaca); --
called also fireflare and fiery flaw.

FIREFLAME
Fire"flame`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European band fish (Cepola rubescens).

FIREFLY
Fire"fly`, n.; pl. Fireflies (. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any luminous winged insect, esp. luminous beetles of the family
Lampyridæ.

Note: The common American species belong to the genera Photinus and
Photuris, in which both sexes are winged. The name is also applied to
luminous species of Elateridæ. See Fire beetle.

FIRELESS
Fire"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of fire.

FIRELOCK
Fire"lock`, n.

Defn: An old form of gunlock, as the flintlock, which ignites the
priming by a spark; perhaps originally, a matchlock. Hence, a gun
having such a lock.

FIREMAN
Fire"man, n.; pl. Firemen (-men).

1. A man whose business is to extinguish fires in towns; a member of
a fire company.

2. A man who tends the fires, as of a steam engine; a stocker.

FIRE-NEW
Fire"-new`, a.

Defn: Fresh from the forge; bright; quite new; brand-new. Charles
reade.
Your fire-new stamp of honor is scarce current. Shak.

FIREPLACE
Fire"place`, n.

Defn: The part a chimney appropriated to the fire; a hearth; --
usually an open recess in a wall, in which a fire may be built.

FIREPROOF
Fire"proof`, a.

Defn: Proof against fire; incombustible.

FIREPROOFING
Fire"proof`ing, n.

Defn: The act or process of rendering anything incombustible; also,
the materials used in the process.

FIRER
Fir"er, n.

Defn: One who fires or sets fire to anything; an incendiary. [R.] R.
Carew.

FIREROOM
Fire"room`, n.

Defn: Same as Stokehold, below.

FIRE-SET
Fire"-set`, n.

Defn: A set of fire irons, including, commonly, tongs, shovel, and
poker.

FIRESIDE
Fire"side`, n.

Defn: A place near the fire or hearth; home; domestic life or
retirement.

FIRESTONE
Fire"stone` (; 110), n. Etym: [AS. f flint; f fire + stan stone.]

1. Iron pyrites, formerly used for striking fire; also, a flint.

2. A stone which will bear the heat of a furnace without injury; --
especially applied to the sandstone at the top of the upper greensand
in the south of England, used for lining kilns and furnaces. Ure.

FIRETAIL
Fire"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European redstart; -- called also fireflirt. [prov. Eng.]

FIREWARDEN
Fire"ward`en, n.

Defn: An officer who has authority to direct in the extinguishing of
fires, or to order what precautions shall be taken against fires; --
called also fireward.

FIREWEED
Fire"weed`, n. (Bot.)
(a) An American plant (Erechthites hiercifolia), very troublesome in
spots where brushwood has been burned.
(b) The great willow-herb (Epilobium spicatum).

FIREWOOD
Fire"wood`, n.

Defn: Wood for fuel.

FIREWORK
Fire"work`, n.

1. A device for producing a striking display of light, or a figure or
figures in plain or colored fire, by the combustion of materials that
burn in some peculiar manner, as gunpowder, sulphur, metallic
filings, and various salts. The most common feature of fireworks is a
paper or pasteboard tube filled with the combustible material. A
number of these tubes or cases are often combined so as to make, when
kindled, a great variety of figures in fire, often variously colored.
The skyrocket is a common form of firework. The name is also given to
various combustible preparations used in war.

2. pl.

Defn: A pyrotechnic exhibition. [Obs. in the sing.]
Night before last, the Duke of Richmond gave a firework. Walpole.

FIREWORM
Fire"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of a small tortricid moth which eats the leaves of
the cranberry, so that the vines look as if burned; -- called also
cranberry worm.

FIRING
Fir"ing, n.

1. The act of disharging firearms.

2. The mode of introducing fuel into the furnace and working it.
Knight.

3. The application of fire, or of a cautery. Dunglison.

4. The process of partly vitrifying pottery by exposing it to intense
heat in a kiln.

5. Fuel; firewood or coal. [Obs.] Mortimer. Firing iron, an
instrument used in cauterizing.

FIRING PIN
Fir"ing pin`.

Defn: In the breech mechanism of a firearm, the pin which strikes the
head of the cartridge and explodes it.

FIRK
Firk, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OE. ferken to proceed, hasten, AS. fercian to
bring, assist; perh. akin to faran to go, E. fare.]

Defn: To beat; to strike; to chastise. [Obs.]
I'll fer him, and firk him, and ferret him. Shak.

FIRK
Firk, v. i.

Defn: To fly out; to turn out; to go off. [Obs.]
A wench is a rare bait, with which a man
No sooner's taken but he straight firks mad.B.Jonson.

FIRK
Firk, n.

Defn: A freak; trick; quirk. [Obs.] Ford.

FIRKIN
Fir"kin, n. Etym: [From AS. feówer four (or an allied word, perh.
Dutch or Danish) + -kin. See Four.]

1. A varying measure of capacity, usually being the fourth part of a
barrel; specifically, a measure equal to nine imperial gallons.
[Eng.]

2. A small wooden vessel or cask of indeterminate size, -- used for
butter, lard, etc. [U.S.]

FIRLOT
Fir"lot, n. Etym: [Scot., the fourth part of a boll of grain, from a
word equiv. to E. four + lot part, portion. See Firkin.]

Defn: A dry measure formerly used in Scotland; the fourth part of a
boll of grain or meal. The Linlithgow wheat firlot was to the
imperial bushel as 998 to 1000; the barley firlot as 1456 to 1000.
Brande & C.

FIRM
Firm, a. [Compar. Firmer; superl. Firmest.] Etym: [OE. ferme, F.
ferme, fr.L. firmus; cf. Skr. dharman support, law, order, dh to hold
fast, carry. Cf. Farm, Throne.]

1. Fixed; hence, closely compressed; compact; substantial; hard;
solid; -- applied to the matter of bodies; as, firm flesh; firm
muscles, firm wood.

2. Not easily excited or disturbed; unchanging in purpose; fixed;
steady; constant; stable; unshaken; not easily changed in feelings or
will; strong; as, a firm believer; a firm friend; a firm adherent.
Under spread ensigns, moving nigh, in slow But firm battalion.
Milton.
By one man's firm obediency fully tried. Milton.

3. Solid; -- opposed to fluid; as, firm land.

4. Indicating firmness; as, a firm tread; a firm countenance.

Syn.
 -- Compact; dense; hard; solid; stanch; robust; strong; sturdly;
fixed; steady; resolute; constant.

FIRM
Firm, n. Etym: [It. firma the (firm, sure, or confirming) signature
or subscription, or Pg. firma signature, firm, cf. Sp. firma
signature; all fr. L. firmus, adj., firm. See Firm, a]

Defn: The name, title, or style, under which a company transacts
business; a partnership of two or more persons; a commercial house;
as, the firm of Hope & Co.

FIRM
Firm, v. t. Etym: [OE. fermen to make firm, F. fermer, fr. L. firmare
to make firm. See Firm, a.]

1. To fix; to settle; to confirm; to establish. [Obs.]
And Jove has firmed it with an awful nod. Dryden.

2. To fix or direct with firmness. [Obs.]
He on his card and compass firms his eye. Spenser.

FIRMAMENT
Fir"ma*ment, n. Etym: [L. firmamentum, fr. firmare to make firm: cf.
F. firmament. See Firm, v. & a.]

1. Fixed foundation; established basis. [Obs.]
Custom is the . . . firmament of the law. Jer. Taylor.

2. The region of the air; the sky or heavens.
And God said, Let there be a firmament in the miGen. i. 6.
And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament. Gen. i. 14.

Note: In Scripture, the word denotes an expanse, a wide extent; the
great arch or expanse over out heads, in which are placed the
atmosphere and the clouds, and in which the stars appear to be
placed, and are really seen.

3. (Old Astron.)

Defn: The orb of the fixed stars; the most rmote of the celestial
spheres.

FIRMAMENTAL
Fir`ma*men"tal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the firmament; celestial; being of the upper
regions. Dryden.

FIRMAN
Fir"man ( or ), n.; pl. Firmans or. Etym: [Pers. ferman.]

Defn: In Turkey and some other Oriental countries, a decree or
mandate issued by the sovereign; a royal order or grant; -- generally
given for special objects, as to a traveler to insure him protection
and assistance. [Written also firmaun.]

FIRMER-CHISEL
Firm"er-chis"el, n.

Defn: A chisel, thin in proportion to its width. It has a tang to
enter the handle instead of a socket for receiving it. Knight.

FIRMITUDE
Firm"i*tude, n. Etym: [L. firmitudo. See Firm.]

Defn: Strength; stability. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

FIRMITY
Firm"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. firmitas.]

Defn: Strength; firmness; stability. [Obs.] Chillingworth.

FIRMLESS
Firm"less, a.

1. Detached from substance. [Obs.]
Does passion still the firmless mind control Pope.

2. Infirm; unstable. "Firmless sands." Sylvester.

FIRMLY
Firm"ly, adv.

Defn: In a firm manner.

FIRMNESS
Firm"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being firm.

Syn.
 -- Firmness, Constancy. Firmness belongs to the will, and constancy
to the affections and principles; the former prevents us from
yielding, and the latter from fluctuating. Without firmness a man has
no character; "without constancy," says Addison, "there is neither
love, friendship, nor virtue in the world."

FIRMS
Firms, n. pl. Etym: [From Firm, a.] (Arch.)

Defn: The principal rafters of a roof, especially a pair of rafters
taken together. [Obs.]

FIRRING
Fir"ring, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Furring.

FIRRY
Fir"ry, a.

Defn: Made of fir; abounding in firs.
In firry woodlands making moan. Tennyson.

FIRST
First, a. Etym: [OE. first, furst, AS. fyrst; akin to Icel. fyrstr,
Sw. & Dan. förste, OHG. furist, G. fürst prince; a superlatiye form
of E. for, fore. See For, Fore, and cf. Formeer, Foremost.]

1. Preceding all others of a series or kind; the ordinal of one;
earliest; as, the first day of a month; the first year of a reign.

2. Foremost; in front of, or in advance of, all others.

3. Most eminent or exalted; most excellent; chief; highest; as,
Demosthenes was the first orator of Greece. At first blush. See under
Blush.
 -- At first hand, from the first or original source; without the
intervention of any agent.
It is the intention of the person to reveal it at first hand, by way
of mouth, to yourself. Dickens.
-- First coat (Plastering), the solid foundation of coarse stuff, on
which the rest is placed; it is thick, and crossed with lines, so as
to give a bond for the next coat.
 -- First day, Sunday; -- so called by the Friends.
 -- First floor. (a) The ground floor. [U.S.] (b) The floor next
above the ground floor. [Eng.] -- First fruit or fruits. (a) The
fruits of the season earliest gathered. (b) (Feudal Law) One year's
profits of lands belonging to the king on the death of a tenant who
held directly from him. (c) (Eng. Eccl. Law) The first year's whole
profits of a benefice or spiritual living. (d) The earliest effects
or results.
See, Father, what first fruits on earth are sprung From thy implanted
grace in man! Milton.
-- First mate, an officer in a merchant vessel next in rank to the
captain.
 -- First name, same as Christian name. See under Name, n.
 -- First officer (Naut.), in the merchant service, same as First
mate (above).
 -- First sergeant (Mil.), the ranking non-commissioned officer in a
company; the orderly sergeant. Farrow.
 -- First watch (Naut.), the watch from eight to twelve at midnight;
also, the men on duty during that time.
 -- First water, the highest quality or purest luster; -- said of
gems, especially of diamond and pearls.

Syn.
 -- Primary; primordial; primitive; primeval; pristine; highest;
chief; principal; foremost.

FIRST
First, adv.

Defn: Before any other person or thing in time, space, rank, etc.; --
much used in composition with adjectives and participles.
Adam was first formed, then Eve. 1 Tim. ii. 13.
At first, At the first, at the beginning or origin.
 -- First or last, at one time or another; at the beginning or end.
And all are fools and lovers first or last. Dryden.

FIRST
First, n. (Mus.)

Defn: The upper part of a duet, trio, etc., either vocal or
instrumental; -- so called because it generally expresses the air,
and has a preëminence in the combined effect.

FIRSTBORN
First"born`, a.

Defn: First brought forth; first in the order of nativity; eldest;
hence, most excellent; most distinguished or exalted.

FIRST-CLASS
First"-class`, a.

Defn: Of the best class; of the highest rank; in the first division;
of the best quality; first-rate; as, a first-class telescope. First-
class car or First-class railway carriage, any passenger car of the
highest regular class, and intended for passengers who pay the
highest regular rate; -- distinguished from a second-class car.

FIRST-HAND
First"-hand`, a.

Defn: Obtained directly from the first or original source; hence,
without the intervention of an agent.
One sphere there is . . . where the apprehension of him is first-hand
and direct; and that is the sphere of our own mind. J. Martineau.

FIRSTLING
First"ling, n. Etym: [First + -ling.]

1. The first produce or offspring; -- said of animals, especially
domestic animals; as, the firstlings of his flock. Milton.

2. The thing first thought or done.
The very firstlings of my heart shall be The firstlings of my hand.
Shak.

FIRSTLING
First"ling, a.

Defn: Firstborn.
All the firstling males. Deut. xv. 19.

FIRSTLY
First"ly, adv.

Defn: In the first place; before anything else; -- sometimes
improperly used for first.

FIRST-RATE
First"-rate`, a.

Defn: Of the highest excellence; preëminent in quality, size, or
estimation.
Our only first-rate body of contemporary poetry is the German. M.
Arnold.
Hermocrates . . . a man of first-rate ability. Jowett (Thucyd).

FIRST-RATE
First"-rate`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A war vessel of the highest grade or the most powerful class.

FIRTH
Firth, n. Etym: [Scot. See Frith.] (geog.)

Defn: An arm of the sea; a frith.

FIR TREE
Fir" tree`

Defn: . See Fir.

FISC
Fisc, n. Etym: [F. fisc, fr. L. fiscus basket, money basket,
treasury; prob. akin to fascis bundle. See Fasces.]

Defn: A public or state treasury. Burke.

FISCAL
Fis"cal, a. Etym: [F. fiscal, L. fiscalis, fr. fiscus. See Fisc.]

Defn: Pertaining to the public treasury or revenue.
The fiscal arreangements of government. A. Hamilton.

FISCAL
Fis"cal, n.

1. The income of a prince or a state; revenue; exhequer. [Obs.]
Bacon.

2. A treasurer. H. Swinburne.

3. A public officer in Scotland who prosecutes in petty criminal
cases; -- called also procurator fiscal.

4. The solicitor in Spain and Portugal; the attorney-general.

FISETIC
Fi*set"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to fustet or fisetin.

FISETIN
Fis"e*tin, n. Etym: [G. fisettholz a species of fustic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance extracted from fustet, and
regarded as its essential coloring principle; -- called also fisetic
acid.

FISH
Fish, n. Etym: [F. fiche peg, mark, fr. fisher to fix.]

Defn: A counter, used in various games.

FISH
Fish, n.; pl. Fishes, or collectively, Fish. Etym: [OE. fisch, fisc,
fis, AS. fisc; akin to D. visch, OS. & OHG. fisk, G. fisch, Icel.
fiskr, Sw. & Dan. fisk, Goth. fisks, L. piscis, Ir. iasg. Cf.
Piscatorial. In some cases, such as fish joint, fish plate, this word
has prob. been confused with fish, fr. F. fichea peg.]

1. A name loosely applied in popular usage to many animals of diverse
characteristics, living in the water.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An oviparous, vertebrate animal usually having fins and a
covering scales or plates. It breathes by means of gills, and lives
almost entirely in the water. See Pisces.

Note: The true fishes include the Teleostei (bony fishes), Ganoidei,
Dipnoi, and Elasmobranchii or Selachians (sharks and skates).
Formerly the leptocardia and Marsipobranciata were also included, but
these are now generally regarded as two distinct classes, below the
fishes.

3. pl.

Defn: The twelfth sign of the zodiac; Pisces.

4. The flesh of fish, used as food.

5. (Naut.)
(a) A purchase used to fish the anchor.
(b) A piece of timber, somewhat in the form of a fish, used to
strengthen a mast or yard.

Note: Fish is used adjectively or as part of a compound word; as,
fish line, fish pole, fish spear, fish-bellied. Age of Fishes. See
under Age, n., 8.
 -- Fish ball, fish (usually salted codfish) shared fine, mixed with
mashed potato, and made into the form of a small, round cake. [U.S.]
-- Fish bar. Same as Fish plate (below).
 -- Fish beam (Mech.), a beam one of whose sides (commonly the under
one) swells out like the belly of a fish. Francis.
 -- Fish crow (Zoöl.), a species of crow (Corvus ossifragus), found
on the Atlantic coast of the United States. It feeds largely on fish.
 -- Fish culture, the artifical breeding and rearing of fish;
pisciculture.
 -- Fish davit. See Davit.
 -- Fish day, a day on which fish is eaten; a fast day.
 -- Fish duck (Zoöl.), any species of merganser.
 -- Fish fall, the tackle depending from the fish davit, used in
hauling up the anchor to the gunwale of a ship.
 -- Fish garth, a dam or weir in a river for keeping fish or taking
them easily.
 -- Fish glue. See Isinglass.
 -- Fish joint, a joint formed by a plate or pair of plates fastened
upon two meeting beams, plates, etc., at their junction; -- used
largely in connecting the rails of railroads.
 -- Fish kettle, a long kettle for boiling fish whole.
 -- Fish ladder, a dam with a series of steps which fish can leap in
order to ascend falls in a river.
 -- Fish line, or Fishing line, a line made of twisted hair, silk,
etc., used in angling.
 -- Fish louse (Zoöl.), any crustacean parasitic on fishes, esp. the
parasitic Copepoda, belonging to Caligus, Argulus, and other related
genera. See Branchiura.
 -- Fish maw (Zoöl.), the stomach of a fish; also, the air bladder,
or sound.
 -- Fish meal, fish desiccated and ground fine, for use in soups,
etc.
 -- Fish oil, oil obtained from the bodies of fish and marine
animals, as whales, seals, sharks, from cods' livers, etc.
 -- Fish owl (Zoöl.), a fish-eating owl of the Old World genera
Scotopelia and Ketupa, esp. a large East Indian species (K.
Ceylonensis).
 -- Fish plate, one of the plates of a fish joint.
 -- Fish pot, a wicker basket, sunk, with a float attached, for
catching crabs, lobsters, etc.
 -- Fish pound, a net attached to stakes, for entrapping and catching
fish; a weir. [Local, U.S.] Bartlett.
 -- Fish slice, a broad knife for dividing fish at table; a fish
trowel.
 -- Fish slide, an inclined box set in a stream at a small fall, or
ripple, to catch fish descending the current. Knight.
 -- Fish sound, the air bladder of certain fishes, esp. those that
are dried and used as food, or in the arts, as for the preparation of
isinglass.
 -- Fish story, a story which taxes credulity; an extravagant or
incredible narration. [Colloq. U.S.] Bartlett.
 -- Fish strainer. (a) A metal colander, with handles, for taking
fish from a boiler. (b) A perforated earthenware slab at the bottom
of a dish, to drain the water from a boiled fish.
 -- Fish trowel, a fish slice.
 -- Fish weir or wear, a weir set in a stream, for catching fish.
 -- Neither fish nor flesh (Fig.), neither one thing nor the other.

FISH
Fish, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fished; p. pr. & vb. n. Fishing.]

1. To attempt to catch fish; to be employed in taking fish, by any
means, as by angling or drawing a net.

2. To seek to obtain by artifice, or indirectly to seek to draw
forth; as, to fish for compliments.
Any other fishing question. Sir W. Scott.

FISH
Fish, v. t. Etym: [OE. fischen, fisken, fissen, AS. fiscian; akin to
G. fischen, OHG. fisc, Goth. fisk. See Fish the animal.]

1. To catch; to draw out or up; as, to fish up an anchor.

2. To search by raking or sweeping. Swift.

3. To try with a fishing rod; to catch fish in; as, to fish a stream.
Thackeray.

4. To strengthen (a beam, mast, etc.), or unite end to end (two
timbers, railroad rails, etc.) by bolting a plank, timber, or plate
to the beam, mast, or timbers, lengthwise on one or both sides. See
Fish joint, under Fish, n. To fish the anchor. (Naut.) See under
Anchor.

FISH-BELLIED
Fish"-bel`lied, a.

Defn: Bellying or swelling out on the under side; as, a fish-bellied
rail. Knight.

FISH-BLOCK
Fish"-block`, n.

Defn: See Fish-tackle.

FISHER
Fish"er, n. Etym: [AS. fiscere.]

1. One who fishes.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family (Mustela Canadensis);
the pekan; the "black cat."

FISHERMAN
Fish"er*man, n.; pl. Fishermen (.

1. One whose occupation is to catch fish.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A ship or vessel employed in the business of taking fish, as in
the cod fishery.

FISHERY
Fish"er*y, n.; pl. Fisheries (.

1. The business or practice of catching fish; fishing. Addison.

2. A place for catching fish.

3. (Law)

Defn: The right to take fish at a certain place, or in particular
waters. Abbott.

FISHFUL
Fish"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding with fish. [R.] "My fishful pond." R. Carew.

FISHGIG
Fish"gig`, n.

Defn: A spear with barbed prongs used for harpooning fish. Knight.

FISHHAWK
Fish"hawk`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The osprey (Pandion haliaëtus), found both in Europe and
America; -- so called because it plunges into the water and seizes
fishes in its talons. Called also fishing eagle, and bald buzzard.

FISHHOOK
Fish"hook`, n.

1. A hook for catching fish.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A hook with a pendant, to the end of which the fish-tackle is
hooked. Dana.

FISHIFY
Fish"i*fy, v. t.

Defn: To change to fish. [R.] Shak.

FISHINESS
Fish"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being fishy or fishlike. Pennant.

FISHING
Fish"ing, n.

1. The act, practice, or art of one who fishes.

2. A fishery. Spenser.

FISHING
Fish"ing, a. Etym: [From Fishing, n.]

Defn: Pertaining to fishing; used in fishery; engaged in fishing; as,
fishing boat; fishing tackle; fishing village. Fishing fly, an
artificial fly for fishing.
 -- Fishing line, a line used in catching fish.
 -- Fishing net, a net of various kinds for catching fish; including
the bag net, casting net, drag net, landing net, seine, shrimping
net, trawl, etc.
 -- Fishing rod, a long slender rod, to which is attached the line
for angling.
 -- Fishing smack, a sloop or other small vessel used in sea fishing.
 -- Fishing tackle, apparatus used in fishing, as hook, line, rod,
etc.
 -- Fishing tube (Micros.), a glass tube for selecting a microscopic
object in a fluid.

FISHLIKE
Fish"like, a.

Defn: Like fish; suggestive of fish; having some of the qualities of
fish.
A very ancient and fishlike smell. Shak.

FISHMONGER
Fish"mon`ger, n.

Defn: A dealer in fish.

FISHSKIN
Fish"skin`, n.

1. The skin of a fish (dog fish, shark, etc.)

2. (Med.)

Defn: See Ichthyosis.

FISH-TACKLE
Fish"-tac`kle, n.

Defn: A tackle or purchase used to raise the flukes of the anchor up
to the gunwale. The block used is called the fish-block.

FISH-TAIL
Fish"-tail`, a.

Defn: Like the of a fish; acting, or producing something, like the
tail of a fish. Fish-tail burner, a gas burner that gives a spreading
flame shaped somewhat like the tail of a fish.
 -- Fish-tail propeller (Steamship), a propeller with a single blade
that oscillates like the tail of a fish when swimming.

FISHWIFE
Fish"wife`, n.

Defn: A fishwoman.

FISHWOMAN
Fish"wom`an, n.; pl. Fishwomen (.

Defn: A woman who retails fish.

FISHY
Fish"y, a.

1. Consisting of fish; fishlike; having the qualities or taste of
fish; abounding in fish. Pope.

2. Extravagant, like some stories about catching fish; improbable;
also, rank or foul. [Colloq.]

FISK
Fisk, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Sw. fjeska to bustle about.]

Defn: To run about; to frisk; to whisk. [Obs.]
He fisks abroad, and stirreth up erroneous opinions. Latimer.

FISSIGEMMATION
Fis`si*gem*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. fissus (p.p. of findere to split) +
E. gemmation.] (Biol.)

Defn: A process of reproduction intermediate between fission and
gemmation.

FISSILE
Fis"sile, a. Etym: [L. fissilis, fr. fissus, p.p. of findere to
split. See Fissure.]

Defn: Capable of being split, cleft, or divided in the direction of
the grain, like wood, or along natural planes of cleavage, like
crystals.
This crystal is a pellucid, fissile stone. Sir I. Newton.

FISSILINGUAL
Fis`si*lin"gual, a. Etym: [L. fissus (p.p. of findere to split) + E.
lingual.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the tongue forked.

FISSILINGUIA
Fis`si*lin"gui*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. fissus (p.p. o f findere
to split) + lingua tongue.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Lacertilia having the tongue forked, including the
common lizards. [Written also Fissilingues.]

FISSILITY
Fis*sil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Quality of being fissile.

FISSION
Fis"sion, n. Etym: [L. fissio. See Fissure.]

1. A cleaving, splitting, or breaking up into parts.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A method of asexual reproduction among the lowest (unicellular)
organisms by means of a process of self-division, consisting of
gradual division or cleavage of the into two parts, each of which
then becomes a separate and independent organisms; as when a cell in
an animal or plant, or its germ, undergoes a spontaneous division,
and the parts again subdivide. See Segmentation, and Cell division,
under Division.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A process by which certain coral polyps, echinoderms, annelids,
etc., spontaneously subdivide, each individual thus forming two or
more new ones. See Strobilation.

FISSIPALMATE
Fis`si*pal"mate, a. Etym: [L. fissus (p.p. of findere to split) +
palma palm.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Semipalmate and loboped, as a grebe's foot. See Illust. under
Aves.

FISSIPARA
Fis*sip"a*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Fissiparous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Animals which reproduce by fission.

FISSIPARISM
Fis*sip"a*rism, n. Etym: [See Fissiparous.] (Biol.)

Defn: Reproduction by spontaneous fission.

FISSIPARITY
Fis`si*par"i*ty, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Quality of being fissiparous; fissiparism.

FISSIPAROUS
Fis*sip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. fissus (p.p. of findere to split) +
parere to bring forth: cf. F. fissipare.] (Biol.)

Defn: Reproducing by spontaneous fission. See Fission.
 -- Fis*sip"a*rous*ly, adv.

FISSIPATION
Fis`si*pa"tion, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Reproduction by fission; fissiparism.

FISSIPED; FISSIPEDAL
Fis"si*ped, Fis*sip"e*dal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fissipède.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the toes separated to the base. [See Aves.]

FISSIPED
Fis"si*ped, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Fissipedia.

FISSIPEDIA
Fis`si*pe"di*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. fissus (p.p. of findere to
cleave) + pes, pedis, a foot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the Carnivora, including the dogs, cats, and
bears, in which the feet are not webbed; -- opposed to Pinnipedia.

FISSIROSTRAL
Fis`si*ros"tral, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fissirostre.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the bill cleft beyond the horny part, as in the case of
swallows and goatsuckers.

FISSIROSTRES
Fis`si*ros"tres, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. fissus (p.p. of findere to
cleave) + rostrum beak.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of birds having the bill deeply cleft.

FISSURAL
Fis"sur*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a fissure or fissures; as, the fissural pattern
of a brain.

FISSURATION
Fis`su*ra"tion, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The act of dividing or opening; the state of being fissured.

FISSURE
Fis"sure, n. Etym: [L. fissura, fr. findere, fissum, to cleave,
split; akin to E. bite: cf. F. fissure.]

Defn: A narrow opening, made by the parting of any substance; a
cleft; as, the fissure of a rock. Cerebral fissures (Anat.), the
furrows or clefts by which the surface of the cerebrum is divided;
esp., the furrows first formed by the infolding of the whole wall of
the cerebrum.
 -- Fissure needle (Surg.), a spiral needle for catching together the
gaping lips of wounds. Knight.
 -- Fissure of rolando (Anat.), the furrow separating the frontal
from the parietal lobe in the cerebrum.
 -- Fissure of Sylvius (Anat.), a deep cerebral fissure separating
the frontal from the temporal lobe. See Illust. under Brain.
 -- Fissure vein (Mining), a crack in the earth's surface filled with
mineral matter. Raymond.

FISSURE
Fis"sure, v. t.

Defn: To cleave; to divide; to crack or fracture.

FISSURELLA
Fis`su*rel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. fissura a fissure.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine gastropod mollusks, having a conical or
limpetlike shell, with an opening at the apex; -- called also keyhole
limpet.

FIST
Fist, n. Etym: [OE. fist, fust, AS. f; akin to D. vuist, OHG. f, G.
faust, and prob. to L. pugnus, Gr. Pugnacious, Pigmy.]

1. The hand with the fingers doubled into the palm; the closed hand,
especially as clinched tightly for the purpose of striking a blow.
Who grasp the earth and heaven with my fist. Herbert.

2. The talons of a bird of prey. [Obs.]
More light than culver in the falcon's fist. Spenser.

3. (print.)

Defn: the index mark [], used to direct special attention to the
passage which follows. Hand over fist (Naut.), rapidly; hand over
hand.

FIST
Fist, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fisting.]

1. To strike with the fist. Dryden.

2. To gripe with the fist. [Obs.] Shak.

FISTIC
Fist"ic, a. Etym: [From Fist.]

Defn: Pertaining to boxing, or to encounters with the fists;
puglistic; as, fistic exploits; fistic heroes. [Colloq.]

FISTICUFF
Fist"i*cuff, n.

Defn: A cuff or blow with the fist or hand; (pl.)

Defn: a fight with the fists; boxing. Swift.

FISTINUT
Fis"ti*nut, n. Etym: [Cf. Fr. fistinq, fistuq. See Pistachio.]

Defn: A pistachio nut. [Obs.] Johnson.

FISTUCA
Fis*tu"ca, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: An instrument used by the ancients in driving piles.

FISTULA
Fis"tu*la, n.; pl. Fistulæ. Etym: [L.]

1. A reed; a pipe.

2. A pipe for convejing water. [Obs.] Knight.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A permanent abnormal opening into the soft parts with a
constant discharge; a deep, narrow, chronic abscess; an abnormal
opening between an internal cavity and another cavity or the surface;
as, a salivary fistula; an anal fistula; a recto-vaginal fistula.
Incomplete fistula (Med.), a fistula open at one end only.

FISTULAR
Fis"tu*lar, a. Etym: [L. fistularis: cf. F. fistulaire.]

Defn: Hollow and cylindrical, like a pipe or reed. Johnson.

FISTULARIA
Fis`tu*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. fistula pipe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fishes, having the head prolonged into a tube, with
the mouth at the extremity.

FISTULARIOID
Fis`tu*la"ri*oid, a. Etym: [Fistularia + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the genus Fistularia.

FISTULATE
Fis"tu*late, v. t. & i. Etym: [Cf. L. fistulatus furnished with
pipes.]

Defn: To make hollow or become hollow like a fistula, or pipe. [Obs.]
"A fistulated ulcer." Fuller.

FISTULE
Fis"tule, n.

Defn: A fistula.

FISTULIFORM
Fis"tu*li*form ( or ), a. Etym: [Fistula + -form.]

Defn: Of a fistular form; tubular; pipe-shaped.
Stalactite often occurs fistuliform. W. Philips.

FISTULOSE
Fis"tu*lose`, a. Etym: [L. fistulosus.]

Defn: Formed like a fistula; hollow; reedlike. Craig.

FISTULOUS
Fis"tu*lous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fistuleux.]

1. Having the form or nature of a fistula; as, a fistulous ulcer.

2. Hollow, like a pipe or reed; fistulose. Lindley.

FIT
Fit,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Fight. [Obs. or Colloq.]

FIT
Fit, n. Etym: [AS. fitt a song.]

Defn: In Old English, a song; a strain; a canto or portion of a
ballad; a passus. [Written also fitte, fytte, etc.]
To play some pleasant fit. Spenser.

FIT
Fit, a. [Compar. Fitter; superl. Fittest.] Etym: [OE. fit, fyt; cf.
E. feat neat, elegant, well made, or icel. fitja to web, knit, OD.
vitten to suit, square, Goth. f to adorn.

1. Adapted to an end, object, or design; suitable by nature or by
art; suited by character, qualitties, circumstances, education, etc.;
qualified; competent; worthy.
That which ordinary men are fit for, I am qualified in. Shak.
Fit audience find, though few. Milton.

2. Prepared; ready. [Obs.]
So fit to shoot, she singled forth among her foes who first her
quarry's strength should feel. Fairfax.

3. Conformed to a standart of duty, properiety, or taste; convenient;
meet; becoming; proper.
Is it fit to say a king, Thou art wicked Job xxxiv. 18.

Syn.
 -- Suitable; proper; appropriate; meet; becoming; expedient;
congruous; correspondent; apposite; apt; adapted; prepared;
qualified; competent; adequate.

FIT
Fit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fitting.]

1. To make fit or suitable; to adapt to the purpose intended; to
qualify; to put into a condition of readiness or preparation.
The time is fitted for the duty. Burke.
The very situation for which he was peculiarly fitted by nature.
Macaulay.

2. To bring to a required form and size; to shape aright; to adapt to
a model; to adjust; -- said especially of the work of a carpenter,
machinist, tailor, etc.
The carpenter . . . marketh it out with a line; he fitteth it with
planes. Is. xliv. 13.

3. To supply with something that is suitable or fit, or that is
shaped and adjusted to the use required.
No milliner can so fit his customers with gloves. Shak.

4. To be suitable to; to answer the requirements of; to be correctly
shaped and adjusted to; as, if the coat fits you, put it on.
That's a bountiful answer that fits all questions. Shak.
That time best fits the work. Shak.
To fit out, to supply with necessaries or means; to furnish; to
equip; as, to fit out a privateer.
 -- To fit up, to firnish with things suitable; to make proper for
the reception or use of any person; to prepare; as, to fit up a room
for a guest.

FIT
Fit, v. i.

1. To be proper or becoming.
Nor fits it to prolong the feast. Pope.

2. To be adjusted to a particular shape or size; to suit; to be
adapted; as, his coat fits very well.

FIT
Fit, n.

1. The quality of being fit; adjustment; adaptedness; as of dress to
the person of the wearer.

2. (Mach.)
(a) The coincidence of parts that come in contact.
(b) The part of an object upon which anything fits tightly. Fit rod
(Shipbuilding), a gauge rod used to try the depth of a bolt hole in
order to determine the length of the bolt required. Knight.

FIT
Fit, n. Etym: [AS. fit strife, fight; of uncertain origin. sq. root
77.]

1. A stroke or blow. [Obs. or R.]
Curse on that cross, quoth then the Sarazin, That keeps thy body from
the bitter fit. Spenser.

2. A sudden and violent attack of a disorder; a stroke of disease, as
of epilepsy or apoplexy, which produces convulsions or
unconsciousness; a convulsion; a paroxysm; hence, a period of
exacerbation of a disease; in general, an attack of disease; as, a
fit of sickness.
And when the fit was on him, I did mark How he did shake. Shak.

3. A mood of any kind which masters or possesses one for a time; a
temporary, absorbing affection; a paroxysm; as, a fit melancholy, of
passion, or of laughter.
All fits of pleasure we balanced by an equal degree of pain. Swift.
The English, however, were on this subject prone to fits of
jealously. Macaulay.

4. A passing humor; a caprice; a sudden and unusual effort, activity,
or motion, followed by relaxation or insction; an impulse and
irregular action.
The fits of the season. Shak.

5. A darting point; a sudden emission. [R.]
A tongue of light, a fit of flame. Coleridge.
By fits, By fits and starts, by intervals of action and re

FITCH
Fitch (; 224), n.; pl. Fitches. Etym: [See Vetch.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A vetch. [Obs.]

2. pl. (Bot.)

Defn: A word found in the Authorized Version of the Bible,
representing different Hebrew originals. In Isaiah xxviii. 25, 27, it
means the black aromatic seeds of Nigella sativa, still used as a
flavoring in the East. In Ezekiel iv. 9, the Revised Version now
reads spelt.

FITCH
Fitch, n. Etym: [Contr. of fitched.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European polecat; also, its fur.

FITCHE
Fitch"é, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fiché, lit. p.p. of ficher to fasten, OF.
fichier to pierce. Cf. 1st Fish.] (Her.)

Defn: Sharpened to a point; pointed. Cross fitché, a cross having the
lower arm pointed.

FITCHED
Fitched, a. (her.)

Defn: Fitché. [Also fiched.]

FITCHET; FITCHEW
Fitch"et, Fitch"ew, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. fisseau, fissel, OD. fisse,
visse, vitsche, D. vies nasty, loathsome, E. fizz.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European polecat (Putorius foetidus). See Polecat.

FITCHY
Fitch"y, a.

Defn: Having fitches or vetches.

FITCHY
Fitch"y, a. Etym: [See Fitché.] (Her.)

Defn: Fitché.

FITFUL
Fit"ful, a. Etym: [From 7th Fit.]

Defn: Full of fits; irregularly variable; impulsive and unstable.
After life's fitful fever, he sleeps well. Shak.
-- Fit"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Fit"ful*ness, n.
The victorius trumpet peal Dies fitfully away. Macaulay.

FITHEL; FITHUL
Fith"el, Fith"ul, n. Etym: [OE. See Fiddle.]

Defn: A fiddle [Obs.] Chaucer.

FITLY
Fit"ly, adv.

Defn: In a fit manner; suitably; properly; conveniently; as, a maxim
fitly applied.

FITMENT
Fit"ment, n.

Defn: The act of fitting; that which is proper or becoming;
equipment. [Obs.] Shak.

FITNESS
Fit"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being fit; as, the fitness of measures
or laws; a person's fitness for office.

FITT
Fitt, n.

Defn: See 2d Fit.

FITTABLE
Fit"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Suitable; fit. [Obs.] Sherwood.

FITTEDNESS
Fit"ted*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being fitted; adaptation. [Obs.] Dr. H.
More.

FITTER
Fit"ter, n.

1. One who fits or makes to fit; esp.: (a) One who tries on, and
adjusts, articles of dress. (b) One who fits or adjusts the different
parts of machinery to each other.

2. A coal broker who conducts the sales between the owner of a coal
pit and the shipper. [Eng.] Simmonds.

FITTER
Fit"ter, n.

Defn: A little piece; a flitter; a flinder. [Obs.]
Where's the Frenchman Alas, he's all fitters. Beau. & Fl.

FITTING
Fit"ting, n.

Defn: Anything used in fitting up; especially (pl.),

Defn: necessary fixtures or apparatus; as, the fittings of a church
or study; gas fittings.

FITTING
Fit"ting, a.

Defn: Fit; appropriate; suitable; proper.
 -- Fit"ting*ly, adv.
 -- Fit"ting*ness, n. Jer. Taylor.

FITWEED
Fit"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Eryngium foetidum) supposed to be a remedy for fits.

FITZ
Fitz, n. Etym: [OF. fils, filz, fiz, son, F. fils, L. filius. See
Filial.]

Defn: A son; -- used in compound names, to indicate paternity, esp.
of the illegitimate sons of kings and princes of the blood; as,
Fitzroy, the son of the king; Fitzclarence, the son of the duke of
Clarence.

FIVE
Five, a. Etym: [OE. fif, five, AS. fif, fife; akin to D. vijf, OS.
fif, OHG. finf, funf, G. fünf, Icel. fimm, Sw. & Sw. Dan. fem, Goth.
fimf, Lith. penki, W. pump, OIr. cóic, L. quinque, Gr. pa. Fifth,
Cinque, Pentagon, Punch the drink, Quinary.]

Defn: Four and one added; one more than four.

Five nations (Ethnol.), a confederacy of the Huron-Iroquois Indians,
consisting of five tribes: Mohawks, Onondagas, Cayugas, Oneidas, and
Senecas. They inhabited the region which is now the State of new
York.

FIVE
Five, n.

1. The number next greater than four, and less than six; five units
or objects.
Five of them were wise, and five were foolish. Matt. xxv. 2.

2. A symbol representing this number, as 5, or V.

FIVE-FINGER
Five"-fin`ger, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: See Cinquefoil.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A starfish with five rays, esp. Asterias rubens.

FIVEFOLD
Five"fold`, a. & adv.

Defn: In fives; consisting of five in one; five repeated; quintuple.

FIVE-LEAF
Five"-leaf`, n.

Defn: Cinquefoil; five-finger.

FIVE-LEAFED; FIVE-LEAVED
Five"-leafed`, Five"-leaved`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having five leaflets, as the Virginia creeper.

FIVELING
Five"ling, n. (Min.)

Defn: A compound or twin crystal consisting of five individuals.

FIVES
Fives, n. pl.

Defn: A kind of play with a ball against a wall, resembling tennis; -
- so named because three fives, or fifteen, are counted to the game.
Smart. Fives court, a place for playing fives.

FIVES
Fives, n. Etym: [See Vives.]

Defn: A disease of the glands under the ear in horses; the vives.
Shak.

FIVE-TWENTIES
Five`-twen"ties, n. pl.

Defn: Five-twenty bonds of the United States (bearing six per cent
interest), issued in 1862, '64, and '65, redeemable after five and
payable in twenty years.

FIX
Fix, a. Etym: [OE., fr. L. fixus, p.p. of figere to fix; cf. F.
fixe.]

Defn: Fixed; solidified. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FIX
Fix, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fixed; p. pr. & vb. n. Fixing.] Etym: [Cf.
F. fixer.]

1. To make firm, stable, or fast; to set or place permanently; to
fasten immovably; to establish; to implant; to secure; to make
efinite.
An ass's nole I fixed on his head. Shak.
O, fix thy chair of grace, that all my powers May also fix their
reverence. Herbert.
His heart is fixed, trusting in the Lord. Ps. cxii. 7.
And fix far deeper in his head their stings. Milton.

2. To hold steadily; to direct unwaveringly; to fasten, as the eye on
an object, the attention on a speaker.
Sat fixed in thought the mighty Stagirite. Pope.
One eye on death, and one full fix'd on heaven. Young.

3. To transfix; to pierce. [Obs.] Sandys.

4. (Photog.)

Defn: To render (an impression) permanent by treating with such
applications a will make it insensible to the action of light. Abney.

5. To put in prder; to arrange; to dispose of; to adjust; to set to
rights; to set or place in the manner desired or most suitable;
hence, to repair; as, to fix the clothes; to fix the furniture of a
room. [Colloq. U.S.]

6. (Iron Manuf.)

Defn: To line the hearth of (a puddling furnace) with fettling.

Syn.
 -- To arrange; prepare; adjust; place; establis; settle; determine.

FIX
Fix, v. i.

1. To become fixed; to settle or remain permanently; to cease from
wandering; to rest.
Your kindness banishes your fear, Resolved to fix forever here.
Waller.

2. To become firm, so as to resist volatilization; to cease to flow
or be fluid; to congeal; to become hard and malleable, as a metallic
substance. Bacon. To fix on, to settle the opinion or resolution
about; to determine regarding; as, the contracting parties have fixed
on certain leading points.

FIX
Fix, n.

1. A position of difficulty or embarassment; predicament; dillema.
[Colloq.]
Is he not living, then No. is he dead, then No, nor dead either. Poor
Aroar can not live, and can not die, -- so that he is in an almighty
fix. De Quincey.

2. (Iron Manuf.)

Defn: fettling. [U.S.]

FIXABLE
Fix"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being fixed.

FIXATION
Fix*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fixation.]

1. The act of fixing, or the state of being fixed.
An unalterable fixation of resolution. Killingbeck.
To light, created in the first day, God gave no proper place or
fixation. Sir W. Raleigh.
Marked stiffness or absolute fixation of a joint. Quain.
A fixation and confinement of thought to a few objects. Watts.

2. The act of uniting chemically with a solid substance or in a solid
form; reduction to a non-volatile condition; -- said of gaseous
elements.

3. The act or process of ceasing to be fluid and becoming firm.
Glanvill.

4. A state of resistance to evaporation or volatilization by heat; --
said of metals. Bacon.

FIXATIVE
Fix"a*tive, n.

Defn: That which serves to set or fix colors or drawings, as a
mordant.

FIXED
Fixed, a.

1. Securely placed or fastened; settled; established; firm; imovable;
unalterable.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Stable; non-volatile. Fixed air (Old Chem.), carbonic acid or
carbon dioxide; -- so called by Dr. Black because it can be absorbed
or fixed by strong bases. See Carbonic acid, under Carbonic.
 -- Fixed alkali (Old Chem.), a non-volatile base, as soda, or
potash, in distinction from the volatile alkali ammonia.
 -- Fixed ammunition (Mil.), a projectile and powder inclosed
together in a case ready for loading.
 -- Fixed battery (Mil.), a battery which contains heavy guns and
mortars intended to remain stationary; -- distinguished from movable
battery.
 -- Fixed bodies, those which can not be volatilized or separated by
a common menstruum, without great difficulty, as gold, platinum,
lime, etc.
 -- Fixed capital. See the Note under Capital, n., 4.
 -- Fixed fact, a well established fact. [Colloq.] -- Fixed light,
one which emits constant beams; -- distinguished from a flashing,
revolving, or intermittent light.
 -- Fixed oils (Chem.), non-volatile, oily substances, as stearine
and olein, which leave a permanent greasy stain, and which can not be
distilled unchanged; -- distinguished from volatile or essential
oils.
 -- Fixed pivot (Mil.), the fixed point about which any line of
troops wheels.
 -- Fixed stars (Astron.), such stars as always retain nearly the
same apparent position and distance with respect to each other, thus
distinguished from planets and comets.

FIXEDLY
Fix"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a fixed, stable, or constant manner.

FIXEDNESS
Fix"ed*ness, n.

1. The state or quality of being fixed; stability; steadfastness.

2. The quality of a body which resists evaporation or volatilization
by heat; solidity; cohesion of parts; as, the fixedness of gold.

FIXIDITY
Fix*id"i*ty, n.

Defn: Fixedness. [Obs.] Boyle.

FIXING
Fix"ing, n.

1. The act or process of making fixed.

2. That which is fixed; a fixture.

3. pl.

Defn: Arrangements; embellishments; trimmings; accompaniments.
[Colloq. U.S.]

FIXITY
Fix"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fixité.]

1. Fixedness; as, fixity of tenure; also, that which is fixed.

2. Coherence of parts. Sir I. Newton.

FIXTURE
Fix"ture, n. Etym: [Cf. Fixture.]

1. That which is fixed or attached to something as a permanent
appendage; as, the fixtures of a pump; the fixtures of a farm or of a
dwelling, that is, the articles which a tenant may not take away.

2. State of being fixed; fixedness.
The firm fixture of thy foot. Shak.

3. (Law)

Defn: Anything of an accessory character annexed to houses and lands,
so as to constitute a part of them. This term is, however, quite
frequently used in the peculiar sense of personal chattels annexed to
lands and tenements, but removable by the person annexing them, or
his personal representatives. In this latter sense, the same things
may be fixtures under some circumstances, and not fixtures under
others. Wharton (Law Dict. ). Bouvier.

Note: This word is frequently substituted for fixure (formerly the
word in common use) in new editions of old works.

FIXURE
Fix"ure, n. Etym: [L. fixura a fastening, fr. figere to fix. See Fix,
and cf. Fixture.]

Defn: Fixed position; stable condition; firmness. [Obs.] Shak.

FIZGIG
Fiz"gig`, n.

Defn: A fishing spear. [Obs.] Sandys.

FIZGIG
Fiz"gig`, n. Etym: [Fizz + gig whirling thing.]

Defn: A firework, made of damp powder, which makes a fizzing or
hissing noise when it explodes.

FIZGIG
Fiz"gig`, n. Etym: [See Gig a flirt.]

Defn: A gadding, flirting girl. Gosson.

FIZZ
Fizz, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fizzed; p. pr. & vb. n. Fizzing.] Etym:
[Cf. Icel. fisa to break wind, Dan. fise to foist, fizzle, OSw. fisa,
G. fisten, feisten. Cf. Foist.]

Defn: To make a hissing sound, as a burning fuse.

FIZZ
Fizz, n.

Defn: A hising sound; as, the fizz of a fly.

FIZZLE
Fiz"zle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fizzled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fizzling.]
Etym: [See Fizz.]

1. To make a hissing sound.
It is the easfizzling. B. Jonson.

2. To make a ridiculous failure in an undertaking. [Colloq. or Low]
To fizzle out, to burn with a hissing noise and then go out, like wet
gunpowder; hence, to fail completely and ridicuously; to prove a
failure. [Colloq.]

FIZZLE
Fiz"zle, n.

Defn: A failure or abortive effort. [Colloq.]

FJORD
Fjord, n.

Defn: See Fiord.

FLABBERGAST
Flab"ber*gast, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Flap, and Aghast.]

Defn: To astonish; to strike with wonder, esp. by extraordinary
statements. [Jocular] Beaconsfield.

FLABBERGASTATION
Flab`ber*gas*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The state of being flabbergasted. [Jocular] London Punch.

FLABBILY
Flab"bi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a flabby manner.

FLABBINESS
Flab"bi*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being flabby.

FLABBY
Flab"by, a. Etym: [See Flap.]

Defn: Yielding to the touch, and easily moved or shaken; hanging
loose by its own weight; wanting firmness; flaccid; as, flabby flesh.

FLABEL
Fla"bel, n. Etym: [L. flabellum a fan, dim. of flabrum a breeze, fr.
flare to blow.]

Defn: A fan. [Obs.] Huloet.

FLABELLATE
Fla*bel"late, a. Etym: [L. flabellatus, p.p. of flabellare to fan,
fr. flabellum. See Flabbel.] (Bot.)

Defn: Flabelliform.

FLABELLATION
Flab`el*la"tion, n.

Defn: The act of keeping fractured limbs cool by the use of a fan or
some other contrivance. Dunglison.

FLABELLIFORM
Fla*bel"li*form, a. Etym: [L. flabellum a fan + -fform: cf. F.
flabeliforme.]

Defn: Having the form of a fan; fan-shaped; flabellate.

FLABELLINERVED
Fla*bel"li*nerved`, a. Etym: [L. flabellum a fan + E. nerve.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having many nerves diverging radiately from the base; -- said
of a leaf.

FLABELLUM
Fla*bel"lum, n. Etym: [L. See Flabel.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A fan; especially, the fan carried before the pope on state
occasions, made in ostrich and peacock feathers. Shipley.

FLABILE
Flab"ile, a. Etym: [L. flabilis.]

Defn: Liable to be blown about. Bailey.

FLACCID
Flac"cid, a. Etym: [L. flaccidus, fr. flaccus flabby: cf. OF.
flaccide.]

Defn: Yielding to pressure for want of firmness and stiffness; soft
and weak; limber; lax; drooping; flabby; as, a flaccid muscle;
flaccid flesh.
Religious profession . . . has become flacced. I. Taylor.
-- Flac"cid*ly, adv.
 -- Flac"cid*ness, n.

FLACCIDITY
Flac*cid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. flaccidité.]

Defn: The state of being flaccid.

FLACHERIE
Flache`rie" (flash`re"), n. [F.]

Defn: A bacterial disease of silkworms, supposed to be due to eating
contaminated mulberry leaves.

FLACKER
Flack"er, v. i. Etym: [OE. flakeren, fr. flacken to move quickly to
and fro; cf. icel. flakka to rove about, AS. flacor fluttering,
flying, G. flackern to flare, flicker.]

Defn: To flutter, as a bird. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

FLACKET
Flack"et, n. Etym: [OF. flasquet little flask, dim. of flasque a
flask.]

Defn: A barrel-shaped bottle; a flagon.

FLACON
Fla"con (fla"kôn), n. [F. See Flagon.]

Defn: A small glass bottle; as, a flacon for perfume. "Two glass
flacons for the ink." Longfellow.

FLAG
Flag, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Flagging.] Etym:
[Cf. Icel. flaka to droop, hang loosely. Cf. Flacker, Flag an
ensign.]

1. To hang loose without stiffness; to bend down, as flexible bodies;
to be loose, yielding, limp.
As loose it [the sail] flagged around the mast. T. Moore.

2. To droop; to grow spiritless; to lose vigor; to languish; as, the
spirits flag; the streugth flags.
The pleasures of the town begin to flag. Swift.

Syn.
 -- To droop; decline; fail; languish; pine.

FLAG
Flag, v. t.

1. To let droop; to suffer to fall, or let fall, into feebleness; as,
to flag the wings. prior.

2. To enervate; to exhaust the vigor or elasticity of.
Nothing so flags the spirits. Echard.

FLAG
Flag, n. Etym: [Cf. LG. & G. flagge, Sw. flagg, Dan. flag, D. vlag.
See Flag to hang loose.]

1. That which flags or hangs down loosely.

2. A cloth usually bearing a device or devices and used to indicate
nationality, party, etc., or to give or ask information; -- commonly
attached to a staff to be waved by the wind; a standard; a banner; an
ensign; the colors; as, the national flag; a military or a naval
flag.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) A group of feathers on the lower part of the legs of certain
hawks, owls, etc.
(b) A group of elongated wing feathers in certain hawks.
(c) The bushy tail of a dog, as of a setter. Black flag. See under
Black.
 -- Flag captain, Flag leutenant, etc., special officers attached to
the flagship, as aids to the flag officer.
 -- Flag officer, the commander of a fleet or squadron; an admiral,
or commodore.
 -- Flag of truse, a white flag carried or displayed to an enemy, as
an invitation to conference, or for the purpose of making some
communication not hostile.
 -- Flag share, the flag officer's share of prize money.
 -- Flag station (Railroad), a station at which trains do not stop
unless signaled to do so, by a flag hung out or waved.
 -- National flag, a flag of a particular country, on which some
national emblem or device, is emblazoned.
 -- Red flag, a flag of a red color, displayed as a signal of danger
or token of defiance; the emblem of anarchists.
 -- To dip, the flag, to mlower it and quickly restore it to its
place; -- done as a mark of respect.
 -- To hang out the white flag, to ask truce or quarter, or, in some
cases, to manifest a friendly design by exhibiting a white flag.
 -- To hang the flag half-mast high or half-staff, to raise it only
half way to the mast or staff, as a token or sign of mourning.
 -- To strike, or lower, the flag, to haul it down, in token of
respect, submission, or, in an engagement, of surrender.
 -- Yellow flag, the quarantine flag of all nations; also carried at
a vessel's fore, to denote that an infectious disease is on board.

FLAG
Flag, v. t. Etym: [From Flag an ensign.]

1. To signal to with a flag; as, to flag a train.

2. To convey, as a message, by means of flag signals; as, to flag an
order to troops or vessels at a distance.

FLAG
Flag, n. Etym: [From Flag to hang loose, to bend down.] (Bot.)

Defn: An aquatic plant, with long, ensiform leaves, belonging to
either of the genera Iris and Acorus. Cooper's flag, the cat-tail
(Typha latifolia), the long leaves of which are placed between the
staves of barrels to make the latter water-tight.
 -- Corn flag. See under 2d Corn.
 -- Flag broom, a coarse of broom, originally made of flags or
rushes.
 -- Flag root, the root of the sweet flag.
 -- Sweet flag. See Calamus, n., 2.

FLAG
Flag, v. t.

Defn: To furnish or deck out with flags.

FLAG
Flag, n. Etym: [Icel. flaga, cf. Icel. flag spot where a turf has
been cut out, and E. flake layer, scale. Cf. Floe.]

1. A flat stone used for paving. Woodward.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Any hard, evenly stratified sandstone, which splits into layers
suitable for flagstones.

FLAG
Flag, v. t.

Defn: To lay with flags of flat stones.
The sides and floor are all flagged with . . . marble. Sandys.

FLAGELLANT
Flag"el*lant, n. Etym: [L. flagellans, p.p. of flagellare: cf.F.
flagellant. See Flagellate.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a fanatical sect which flourished in Europe in the 13th
and 14th centuries, and maintained that flagellation was of equal
virtue with baptism and the sacrament; -- called also disciplinant.

FLAGELLATA
Flag`el*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr.L. flagellatus, p. p. See
Flagellate, v. t.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Infusoria, having one or two long, whiplike cilia,
at the anterior end. It includes monads. See Infusoria, and Monad.

FLAGELLATE
Flag"el*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flagellated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Flagellating.] Etym: [L. flagellatus, p.p. of flagellare to scoure,
fr. flagellum whip, dim. of flagrum whip, scoure; cf. fligere to
strike. Cf. Flall.]

Defn: To whip; to scourge; to flog.

FLAGELLATE
Fla*gel"late, a.

1. Flagelliform.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Flagellata.

FLAGELLATION
Flag`el*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. flagellatio: cf. F. flagellation.]

Defn: A beating or flogging; a whipping; a scourging. Garth.

FLAGELLATOR
Flag"el*la`tor, n.

Defn: One who practices flagellation; one who whips or scourges.

FLAGELLIFORM
Fla*gel"li*form, a. Etym: [L. flagellum a whip + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like a whiplash; long, slender, round, flexible, and
(comming) tapering.

FLAGELLUM
Fla*gel"lum, n.; pl. E. Flagellums, L. Flagella. Etym: [L., a whip.
See Flagellate, v. t.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A young, flexible shoot of a plant; esp., the long trailing
branch of a vine, or a slender branch in certain mosses.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A long, whiplike cilium. See Flagellata.
(b) An appendage of the reproductive apparatus of the snail.
(c) A lashlike appendage of a crustacean, esp. the terminal ortion of
the antennæ and the epipodite of the maxilipeds. See Maxilliped.

FLAGEOLET
Flag"eo*let`, n. Etym: [F. flageolet, dim. of OF. flaj (as if fr. a
LL. flautio;us), of flaüte, flahute, F. fl. See Flute.] (Mus.)

Defn: A small wooden pipe, having six or more holes, and a mouthpiece
inserted at one end. It produces a shrill sound, softer than of the
piccolo flute, and is said to have superseded the old recorder.
Flageolet tones (Mus.), the naturel harmonics or overtones of
stringed instruments.

FLAGGINESS
Flag"gi*ness, n.

Defn: The condition of being flaggy; laxity; limberness. Johnson.

FLAGGING
Flag"ging, n.

Defn: A pavement or sidewalk of flagstones; flagstones, collectively.

FLAGGING
Flag"ging, a.

Defn: Growing languid, weak, or spiritless; weakening; delaying.
 -- Flag"ging*ly, adv.

FLAGGY
Flag"gy, a.

1. Weak; flexible; limber. "Flaggy wings." Spenser.

2. Tasteless; insipid; as, a flaggy apple. [Obs.] Bacon.

FLAGGY
Flag"gy, a. Etym: [From 5th Flag.]

Defn: Abounding with the plant called flag; as, a flaggy marsh.

FLAGITATE
Flag"i*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. flagitatus, p.p. of flagitare to demand.
See Flagitious.]

Defn: To importune; to demand fiercely or with passion. [Archaic]
Carcyle.

FLAGITATION
Flag`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. flagitatio.]

Defn: Importunity; urgent demand. [Archaic] Carlyle.

FLAGITIOUS
Fla*gi"tious, a. Etym: [L. flagitiosus, fr. flagitium a shameful or
disgraceful act, orig., a burning desire, heat of passion, from
flagitare to demand hotly, fiercely; cf. flagrare to burn, E.
flagrant.]

1. Disgracefully or shamefully criminal; grossly wicked; scandalous;
shameful; -- said of acts, crimes, etc.
Debauched principles and flagitious practices. I. Taylor.

2. Guilty of enormous crimes; corrupt; profligate; -- said of
persons. Pope.

3. Characterized by scandalous crimes or vices; as, flagitious times.
Pope.

Syn.
 -- Atrocious; villainous; flagrant; heinous; corrupt; profligate;
abandoned. See Atracious.
 -- Fla*gi"tious*ly, adv.
 -- Fla*gi"tious*ness, n.
A sentence so flagitiously unjust. Macaulay.

FLAGMAN
Flag"man, n.; pl. Flagmen (.

Defn: One who makes signals with a flag.

FLAGON
Flag"on, n. Etym: [F. flacon, for flascon, fr. OF. flasche, from LL.
flasco. See Flask.]

Defn: A vessel with a narrow mouth, used for holding and conveying
liquors. It is generally larger than a bottle, and of leather or
stoneware rather than of glass.
A trencher of mutton chops, and a flagon of ale. Macaulay.

FLAGRANCE
Fla"grance, n.

Defn: Flagrancy. Bp. Hall.

FLAGRANCY
Fla"gran*cy, n.; pl. Flagrancies. Etym: [L. flagrantia a burning. See
Flagrant.]

1. A burning; great heat; inflammation. [Obs.]
Lust causeth a flagrancy in the eyes. Bacon.

2. The condition or quality of being flagrant; atrocity;
heiniousness; enormity; excess. Steele.

FLAGRANT
Fla"grant, a. Etym: [L. flagrans, -antis, p.pr. of flagrate to burn,
akin to Gr. flagrant. Cf. Flame, Phlox.]

1. Flaming; inflamed; glowing; burning; ardent.
The beadle's lash still flagrant on their back. Prior.
A young man yet flagrant from the lash of the executioner or the
beadle. De Quincey.
Flagrant desires and affections. Hooker.

2. Actually in preparation, execution, or performance; carried on
hotly; raging.
A war the most powerful of the native tribes was flagrant. Palfrey.

3. Flaming into notice; notorious; enormous; heinous; glaringly
wicked.

Syn.
 -- Atrocious; flagitious; glaring. See Atrocious.

FLAGRANTLY
Fla"grant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a flagrant manner.

FLAGRATE
Fla"grate, v. t. Etym: [L. flagrare, flagratum, v.i. & t., to burn.]

Defn: To burn. [Obs.] Greenhill.

FLAGRATION
Fla*gra"tion, n.

Defn: A conflagration. [Obs.]

FLAGSHIP
Flag"ship`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The vessel which carries the commanding officer of a fleet or
squadron and flies his distinctive flag or pennant.

FLAGSTAFF
Flag"staff`, n.; pl. -staves ( or -staffs (.

Defn: A staff on which a flag is hoisted.

FLAGSTONE
Flag"stone`, n.

Defn: A flat stone used in paving, or any rock which will split into
such stones. See Flag, a stone.

FLAGWORM
Flag"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A worm or grub found among flags and sedge.

FLAIL
Flail, n. Etym: [L. flagellum whip, scourge, in LL., a threshing
flail: cf. OF. flael, flaiel, F. fléau. See Flagellum.]

1. An instrument for threshing or beating grain from the ear by hand,
consisting of a wooden staff or handle, at the end of which a stouter
and shorter pole or club, called a swipe, is so hung as to swing
freely.
His shadowy flail hath threshed the corn. Milton.

2. An ancient military weapon, like the common flail, often having
the striking part armed with rows of spikes, or loaded. Fairholt.
No citizen thought himself safe unless he carried under his coat a
small flail, loaded with lead, to brain the Popish assassins.
Macaulay.

FLAILY
Flail"y, a.

Defn: Acting like a flail. [Obs.] Vicars.

FLAIN
Flain, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Flay. Chaucer.

FLAIR
Flair (flâr), n. [OE. flaireodor, fr. OF. & F. flair, fr. OF.
flairier, F. flairer, to smell, LL. flagrare for L. fragrare. See
Flagrant.]

1. Smell; odor. [Obs.]

2.  Sense of smell; scent; fig., discriminating sense.

FLAKE
Flake, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. flaki, fleki, Dan. flage, D. vlaak.]

1. A paling; a hurdle. [prov. Eng.]

2. A platform of hurdles, or small sticks made fast or interwoven,
supported by stanchions, for drying codfish and other things.
You shall also, after they be ripe, neither suffer them to have straw
nor fern under them, but lay them either upon some smooth table,
boards, or flakes of wands, and they will last the longer. English
Husbandman.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A small stage hung over a vessel's side, for workmen to stand
on in calking, etc.

FLAKE
Flake, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. flakna to flake off, split, flagna to
flake off, Sw. flaga flaw, flake, flake plate, Dan. flage snowflake.
Cf. Flag a flat stone.]

1. A loose filmy mass or a thin chiplike layer of anything; a film;
flock; lamina; layer; scale; as, a flake of snow, tallow, or fish.
"Lottle flakes of scurf." Addison.
Great flakes of ice encompassing our boat. Evelyn.

2. A little particle of lighted or incandescent matter, darted from a
fire; a flash.
With flakes of ruddy fire. Somerville.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A sort of carnation with only two colors in the flower, the
petals having large stripes. Flake knife (Archæol.), a cutting
instrument used by savage tribes, made of a flake or chip of hard
stone. Tylor.
 -- Flake stand, the cooling tub or vessel of a still worm. Knight.
 -- Flake white. (Paint.) (a) The purest white lead, in the form of
flakes or scales. (b) The trisnitrate of bismuth. Ure.

FLAKE
Flake, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flaked; p. pr. & vb. n. Flaking.]

Defn: To form into flakes. Pope.

FLAKE
Flake, v. i.

Defn: To separate in flakes; to peel or scale off.

FLAKINESS
Flak"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being flaky.

FLAKY
Flak"y, a.

Defn: Consisting of flakes or of small, loose masses; lying, or
cleaving off, in flakes or layers; flakelike.
What showers of mortal hail, what flaky fires! Watts.
A flaky weight of winter's purest snows. Wordsworth.

FLAM
Flam, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. fleám, fl, floght. sq. root 84 . Cf.
Flimflam.]

Defn: A freak or whim; also, a falsehood; a lie; an illusory pretext;
deception; delusion. [Obs.]
A perpetual abuse and flam upon posterity. South.

FLAM
Flam, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flammed ; p. pr. & vb. n. Flamming.]

Defn: To deceive with a falsehood. [Obs.]
God is not to be flammed off with lies. South.

FLAMBE
Flam`bé", a. [F., p.p. of flamber to singe, pass (a thing) through
flame. Cf. Flambeau.] (Ceramics)

Defn: Decorated by glaze splashed or irregularly spread upon the
surface, or apparently applied at the top and allowed to run down the
sides; -- said of pieces of Chinese porcelain.

FLAMBEAU
Flam"beau; n.; pl. Flambeaux or Flambeaus. Etym: [F., fr. OF. flambe
flame, for flamble, from L. flammula a little flame, dim. of flamma
flame. See Flame.]

Defn: A flaming torch, esp. one made by combining together a number
of thick wicks invested with a quick-burning substance (anciently,
perhaps, wax; in modern times, pitch or the like); hence, any torch.

FLAMBOYANT
Flam*boy"ant, a. Etym: [F.] (Arch.)

Defn: Characterized by waving or flamelike curves, as in the tracery
of windows, etc.; -- said of the later (15th century) French Gothic
style.

FLAMBOYER
Flam*boy"er, n. Etym: [F. flamboyer to be bright.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name given in the East and West Indies to certain trees with
brilliant blossoms, probably species of Cæsalpinia.

FLAME
Flame, n. Etym: [OE. flame, flaume, flaumbe, OF. flame, flambe, F.
flamme, fr. L. flamma, fr. flamma, fr. flagrare to burn. See
Flagrant, and cf. Flamneau, Flamingo.]

1. A stream of burning vapor or gas, emitting light and heat; darting
or streaming fire; a blaze; a fire.

2. Burning zeal or passion; elevated and noble enthusiasm; glowing
imagination; passionate excitement or anger. "In a flame of zeal
severe." Milton.
Where flames refin'd in breasts seraphic glow. Pope.
Smit with the love of sister arts we came, And met congenial,
mingling flame with flame. Pope.

3. Ardor of affection; the passion of love. Coleridge.

4. A person beloved; a sweetheart. Thackeray.

Syn.
 -- Blaze; brightness; ardor. See Blaze. Flame bridge, a bridge wall.
See Bridge, n., 5.
 -- Flame color, brilliant orange or yellow. B. Jonson.
 -- Flame engine, an early name for the gas engine.
 -- Flame manometer, an instrument, invented by Koenig, to obtain
graphic representation of the action of the human vocal organs. See
Manometer.
 -- Flame reaction (Chem.), a method of testing for the presence of
certain elements by the characteristic color imparted to a flame; as,
sodium colors a flame yellow, potassium violet, lithium crimson,
boracic acid green, etc. Cf. Spectrum analysis, under Spectrum.
 -- Flame tree (Bot.), a tree with showy scarlet flowers, as the
Rhododendron arboreum in India, and the Brachychiton acerifolium of
Australia.

FLAME
Flame, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Flaming.] Etym:
[OE. flamen, flaumben, F. flamber, OF. also, flamer. See Flame, n.]

1. To burn with a flame or blaze; to burn as gas emitted from bodies
in combustion; to blaze.
The main blaze of it is past, but a small thing would make it flame
again. Shak.

2. To burst forth like flame; to break out in violence of passion; to
be kindled with zeal or ardor.
He flamed with indignation. Macaulay.

FLAME
Flame, v. t.

Defn: To kindle; to inflame; to excite.
And flamed with zeal of vengeance inwardly. Spenser.

FLAME-COLORED
Flame"-col`ored, a.

Defn: Of the color of flame; of a bright orange yellow color. Shak.

FLAMELESS
Flame"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of flame. Sandys.

FLAMELET
Flame"let, n. Etym: [Flame + -let.]

Defn: A small flame.
The flamelets gleamed and flickered. Longfellow.

FLAMEN
Fla"men, n.; pl. E. Flammens, L. Flamines. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A priest devoted to the service of a particular god, from whom
he received a distinguishing epithet. The most honored were those of
Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus, called respectively Flamen Dialis,
Flamen Martialis, and Flamen Quirinalis.
Affrights the flamens at their service quaint. Milton.

FLAMINEOUS
Fla*min"e*ous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a flamen; flaminical.

FLAMING
Flam"ing, a.

1. Emitting flames; afire; blazing; consuming; illuminating.

2. Of the color of flame; high-colored; brilliant; dazzling. "In
flaming yellow bright." Prior.

3. Ardent; passionate; burning with zeal; irrepressibly earnest; as,
a flaming proclomation or harangue.

FLAMINGLY
Flam"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a flaming manner.

FLAMINGO
Fla*min"go, n.; pl. Flamingoes. Etym: [Sp. flamenco, cf. Pg.
flamingo, Prov. flammant, F. flamant; prop. a p.pr. meaning flaming.
So called in allusion to its color. See Flame.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird of the genus Phoenicopterus. The flamingoes have
webbed feet, very long legs, and a beak bent down as if broken. Their
color is usually red or pink. The American flamingo is P. ruber; the
European is P. antiquorum.

FLAMINICAL
Fla*min"i*cal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a flamen. Milton.

FLAMMABILITY
Flam`ma*bil"ity, n.

Defn: The quality of being flammable; inflammability. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

FLAMMABLE
Flam"ma*ble, a.

Defn: Inflammable. [Obs.]

FLAMMATION
Flam*ma"tion, n.

Defn: The act of setting in a flame or blaze. [Obs.] Sir. T. Browne.

FLAMMEOUS
Flam"me*ous, a. Etym: [L. flammeus from flamma flame.]

Defn: Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling, flame. [Obs.] Sir
T. Browne.

FLAMMIFEROUS
Flam*mif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. flammifer; flamma flame + ferre to
bear.]

Defn: Producing flame.

FLAMMIVOMOUS
Flam*miv"o*mous, a. Etym: [L. flammivomus; flamma flame + vomere to
vomit.]

Defn: Vomiting flames, as a volcano. W. Thompson. (1745).

FLAMMULATED
Flam"mu*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. flammula little flame, dim. fr. flamma
flame.]

Defn: Of a reddish color.

FLAMY
Flam"y, a. Etym: [From Flame.]

Defn: Flaming; blazing; flamelike; flame-colored; composed of flame.
Pope.

FLANCH
Flanch, n.; pl. Flanches. Etym: [Prov. E., a projection, OF. flanche
flank. See Flank.]

1. A flange. [R.]. (Her.)

Defn: A bearing consisting of a segment of a circle encroaching on
the field from the side.

Note: Flanches are always in pairs. A pair of flanches is considered
one of the subordinaries.

FLANCHED
Flanched, a. (Her.)

Defn: Having flanches; -- said of an escutcheon with those bearings.

FLANCONADE
Flan`co*nade", n. Etym: [F.] (Fencing)

Defn: A thrust in the side.

FLANERIE
Flâ`ne*rie", n. [F. flânerie. See Flaneur.]

Defn: Lit., strolling; sauntering; hence, aimless; idleness; as,
intellectual flânerie.

FLANEUR
Fla`neur", n. Etym: [F., fr. flâner to stroll.]

Defn: One who strolls about aimlessly; a lounger; a loafer.

FLANG
Flang, n.

Defn: A miner's two-pointed pick.

FLANGE
Flange, n. Etym: [Prov. E. flange to project, flanch a projection.
See Flanch, Flank.]

1. An external or internal rib, or rim, for strength, as the flange
of an iron beam; or for a guide, as the flange of a car wheel (see
Car wheel.); or for attachment to another object, as the flange on
the end of a pipe, steam cylinder, etc. Knight.

2. A plate or ring to form a rim at the end of a pipe when fastened
to the pipe. Blind flange, a plate for covering or closing the end of
a pipe.
 -- Flange joint, a joint, as that of pipes, where the connecting
pieces have flanges by which the parts are bolted together. Knight. -
Flange rail, a rail with a flange on one side, to keep wheels, etc.
from running off.
 -- Flange turning, the process of forming a flange on a wrought iron
plate by bending and hammering it wh

FLANGE
Flange, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flanged; p. pr. & vb. n. Flanging.]
(Mach.)

Defn: To make a flange on; to furnish with a flange.

FLANGE
Flange, v. i.

Defn: To be bent into a flange.

FLANGED
Flanged, a.

Defn: Having a flange or flanges; as, a flanged wheel.

FLANK
Flank, n. Etym: [F. flanc, prob. fr. L. flaccus flabby, with n
inserted. Cf. Flaccid, Flanch, Flange.]

1. The fleshy or muscular part of the side of an animal, between the
rids and the hip. See Illust. of Beef.

2. (Mil.)
(a) The side of an army, or of any division of an army, as of a
brigade, regiment, or battalion; the extreme right or left; as, to
attack an enemy in flank is to attack him on the side.
When to right and left the front
Divided, and to either flank retired. Milton.
(b) (Fort.)

Defn: That part of a bastion which reaches from the curtain to the
face, and defends the curtain, the flank and face of the opposite
bastion; any part of a work defending another by a fire along the
outside of its parapet. See Illust. of Bastion.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: The side of any building. Brands.

4. That part of the acting surface of a gear wheel tooth that lies
within the pitch line. Flank attack (Mil.), an attack upon the side
of an army or body of troops, distinguished from one upon its front
or rear.
 -- Flank company (Mil.), a certain number of troops drawn up on the
right or left of a battalion; usually grenadiers, light infantry, or
riflemen.
 -- Flank defense (Fort.), protection of a work against undue
exposure to an enemy's direct fire, by means of the fire from other
works, sweeping the ground in its front.
 -- Flank en potence (Mil.), any part of the right or left wing
formed at a projecting angle with the line.
 -- Flank files, the first men on the right, and the last on the
left, of a company, battalion, etc.
 -- Flank march, a march made parallel or obliquely to an enemy's
position, in order to turn it or to attack him on the flank.
 -- Flank movement, a change of march by an army, or portion of one,
in order to turn one or both wings of the enemy, or to take up a new
position.
 -- Flanks of a frontier, salient points in a national boundary,
strengthened to protect the frontier against hostile incursion.
 -- Flank patrol, detachments acting independently of the column of
an army, but patrolling along its flanks, to secure it against
surprise and to observe the movements of the enemy.

FLANK
Flank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flanked; p. pr. & vb. n. Flanking.] Etym:
[Cf. F. flanquer. See Flank, n., and cf. Flanker, v. t.]

1. To stand at the flank or side of; to border upon.
Stately colonnades are flanked with trees. Pitt.

2. To overlook or command the flank of; to secure or guard the flank
of; to pass around or turn the flank of; to attack, or threaten to
attack; the flank of.

FLANK
Flank, v. i.

1. To border; to touch. Bp. Butler.

2. To be posted on the side.

FLANKER
Flank"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, flanks, as a skirmisher or a body of
troops sent out upon the flanks of an army toguard a line of march,
or a fort projecting so as to command the side of an assailing body.
They threw out flankers, and endeavored to dislodge their assailants.
W. Irwing.

FLANKER
Flank"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flankered; p. pr. & vb. n. Flankering.]
Etym: [See Flank, v. t.]

1. To defend by lateral fortifications. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

2. To attack sideways. [Obs.] Evelyn.

FLANNEL
Flan"nel, n. Etym: [F. flanelle, cf. OF. flaine a pillowcase, a
mattress; fr. W. gwlanen flannel, fr. gwlan wool; prob. akin to E.
wool. Cf. Wool.]

Defn: A soft, nappy, woolen cloth, of loose texture. Shak. Adam's
flannel. (Bot.) See under Adam.
 -- Canton flannel, Cotton flannel. See Cotton flannel, under Cotton.

FLANNELED
Flan"neled, a.

Defn: Covered or wrapped in flannel.

FLANNEL FLOWER
Flan"nel flow`er. (Bot.)
 (a) The common mullein.
 (b) A Brazilian apocynaceous vine (Macrosiphonia longiflora) having
woolly leaves.
 (c) An umbelliferous Australian flower (Actinotus helianthi), often
erroneously thought to be composite. The involucre looks as if cut
out of white flannel.

FLANNEN
Flan"nen, a.

Defn: Made or consisting of flannel. [Obs.] "Flannen robes." Dryden.

FLAP
Flap, n. Etym: [OE. flappe, flap, blow, bly-flap; cf. D. flap, and E.
flap, v.]

Defn: Anything broad and limber that hangs loose, or that is attached
by one side or end and is easily moved; as, the flap of a garment.
A cartilaginous flap upon the opening of the larynx. Sir T. Browne.

2. A hinged leaf, as of a table or shutter.

3. The motion of anything broad and loose, or a stroke or sound made
with it; as, the flap of a sail or of a wing.

4. pl. (Far.)

Defn: A disease in the lips of horses. Flap tile, a tile with a bent
up portion, to turn a corner or catch a drip.
 -- Flap valve (Mech.), a valve which opens and shuts upon one hinged
side; a clack valve.

FLAP
Flap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Flapping.] Etym:
[Prob. of imitative origin; cf. D. flappen, E. flap, n., flop,
flippant, fillip.]

1. To beat with a flap; to strike.
Yet let me flap this bug with gilded wings. Pope.

2. To move, as something broad and flaplike; as, to flap the wings;
to let fall, as the brim of a hat. To flap in the mouth, to taunt.
[Obs.] W. Cartwright.

FLAP
Flap, v. i.

1. To move as do wings, or as something broad or loose; to fly with
wings beating the air.
The crows flapped over by twos and threes. Lowell.

2. To fall and hang like a flap, as the brim of a hat, or other broad
thing. Gay.

FLAPDRAGON
Flap"drag`on, n.

1. A game in which the players catch raisins out burning brandy, and
swallow them blazing. Johnson.

2. The thing thus caught abd eaten. Johnson.
Cakes and ale, and flapdragtons and mummer's plays, and all the happy
sports of Christians night. C. Kingsley.

FLAPDRAGON
Flap"drag`on, v. t.

Defn: To swallow whole, as a flapdragon; to devour. [Obs.]
See how the sea flapdragoned it. Shak.

FLAP-EARED
Flap"-eared`, a.

Defn: Having broad, loose, dependent ears. Shak.

FLAPJACK
Flap"jack`, n.

1. A fklat cake turned on the griddle while cooking; a griddlecake or
pacake.

2. A fried dough cake containing fruit; a turnover. [Prov. Eng.]

FLAP-MOUTHED
Flap"-mouthed`, a.

Defn: Having broad, hangling lips. [R.] Shak.

FLAPPER
Flap"per, n.

1. One who, or that which, flaps.

2. See Flipper. "The flapper of a porpoise." Buckley. Flapper skate
(Zoöl.), a European skate (Raia intermedia).

FLARE
Flare, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flared; p. pr. & vb. n. Flaring.] Etym:
[Cf. Norw. flara to blaze, flame, adorn with tinsel, dial. Sw. flasa
upp, and E. flash, or flacker.]

1. To burn with an unsteady or waving flame; as, the candle flares.

2. To shine out with a sudden and unsteady light; to emit a dazzling
or painfully bright light.

3. To shine out with gaudy colors; to flaunt; to be offensively
bright or showy.
With ribbons pendant, flaring about her head. Shak.

4. To be exosed to too much light. [Obs.]
Flaring in sunshine all the day. Prior.

5. To open or spread outwards; to project beyond the perpendicular;
as, the sides of a bowl flare; the bows of a ship flare. To flare up,
to become suddenly heated or excited; to burst into a passion.
[Colloq.] Thackeray.

FLARE
Flare, n.

1. An unsteady, broad, offensive light.

2. A spreading outward; as, the flare of a fireplace.

FLARE
Flare, n.

Defn: Leaf of lard. "Pig's flare." Dunglison.

FLARE-UP
Flare"-up`, n.

Defn: A sudden burst of anger or passion; an angry dispute. [Colloq.]

FLARING
Flar"ing, a.

1. That flares; flaming or blazing unsteadily; shining out with a
dazzling light.
His [the sun's] flaring beams. Milton.

2. Opening or speading outwards.

FLARINGLY
Flar"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a flaring manner.

FLASH
Flash, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Flashing.] Etym:
[Cf. OE. flaskien, vlaskien to pour, sprinkle, dial. Sw. flasa to
blaze, E. flush, flare.]

1. To burst or break forth with a sudden and transient flood of flame
and light; as, the lighting flashes vividly; the powder flashed.

2. To break forth, as a sudden flood of light; to burst instantly and
brightly on the sight; to show a momentary brilliancy; to come or
pass like a flash.
Names which have flashed and thundered as the watch words of
unumbered struggles. Talfourd.
The object is made to flash upon the eye of the mind. M. Arnold.
A thought floashed through me, which I clothed in act. Tennyson.

3. To burst forth like a sudden flame; to break out violently; to
rush hastily.
Every hour He flashes into one gross crime or other. Shak.
To flash in the pan, to fail of success. [Colloq.] See under Flash, a
burst of light. Bartlett.

Syn.
 -- Flash, Glitter, Gleam, Glisten, Glister. Flash differs from
glitter and gleam, denoting a flood or wide extent of light. The
latter words may express the issuing of light from a small object, or
from a pencil of rays. Flash differs from other words, also, in
denoting suddenness of appearance and disappearance. Flashing differs
from exploding or disploding in not being accompanied with a loud
report. To glisten, or glister, is to shine with a soft and fitful
luster, as eyes suffused with tears, or flowers wet with dew.

FLASH
Flash, v. t.

1. To send out in flashes; to cause to burst forth with sudden flame
or light.
The chariot of paternal Deity, Flashing thick flames. Milton.

2. To convey as by a flash; to light up, as by a sudden flame or
light; as, to flash a message along the wires; to flash conviction on
the mind.

3. (Glass Making)

Defn: To cover with a thin layer, as objects of glass with glass of a
different color. See Flashing, n., 3 (b).

4. To trick up in a showy manner.
Limning and flashing it with various dyes. A. Brewer.

5. Etym: [Perh. due to confusion between flash of light and plash,
splash.]

Defn: To strike and throw up large bodies of water from the surface;
to splash. [Obs.]
He rudely flashed the waves about. Spenser.
Flashed glass. See Flashing, n., 3.

FLASH
Flash, n.; pl. Flashes (.

1. A sudden burst of light; a flood of light instantaneously
appearing and disappearing; a momentary blaze; as, a flash of
lightning.

2. A sudden and brilliant burst, as of wit or genius; a momentary
brightness or show.
The flash and outbreak of a fiery mind. Shak.
No striking sentiment, no flash of fancy. Wirt.

3. The time during which a flash is visible; an instant; a very brief
period.
The Persians and Macedonians had it for a flash. Bacon.

4. A preparation of capsicum, burnt sugar, etc., for coloring and
giving a fictious strength to liquors. Flash light, or Flashing
light, a kind of light shown by lighthouses, produced by the
revolution of reflectors, so as to show a flash of light every few
seconds, alternating with periods of dimness. Knight.
 -- Flash in the pan, the flashing of the priming in the pan of a
flintlock musket without discharging the piece; hence, sudden,
spasmodic effort that accomplishes nothing.

FLASH
Flash, a.

1. Showy, but counterfeit; cheap, pretentious, and vulgar; as, flash
jewelry; flash finery.

2. Wearing showy, counterfeit ornaments; vulgarly pretentious; as,
flash people; flash men or women; -- applied especially to thieves,
gamblers, and prostitutes that dress in a showy way and wear much
cheap jewelry. Flash house, a house frequented by flash people, as
thieves and whores; hence, a brothel. "A gang of footpads, reveling
with their favorite beauties at a flash house." Macaulay.

FLASH
Flash, n.

Defn: Slang or cant of thieves and prostitutes.

FLASH
Flash, n. Etym: [OE. flasche, flaske; cf. OF. flache, F. flaque.]

1. A pool. [Prov. Eng.] Haliwell.

2. (Engineering)

Defn: A reservoir and sluiceway beside a navigable stream, just above
a shoal, so that the stream may pour in water as boats pass, and thus
bear them over the shoal. Flash wheel (Mech.), a paddle wheel made to
revolve in a breast or curved water way, by which water is lifted
from the lower to the higher level.

FLASHBOARD
Flash"board`, n.

Defn: A board placed temporarily upon a milldam, to raise the water
in the pond above its usual level; a flushboard. [U.S.]

FLASH BOILER
Flash boiler.

Defn: A variety of water-tube boiler, used chiefly in steam
automobiles, consisting of a nest of strong tubes with very little
water space, kept nearly red hot so that the water as it trickles
drop by drop into the tubes is immediately flashed into steam and
superheated.

FLASH BURNER
Flash burner.

Defn: A gas burner with a device for lighting by an electric spark.

FLASHER
Flash"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, flashes.

2. A man of more appearance of wit than reality.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) A large sparoid fish of the Atlantic coast and all tropical seas
(Lobotes Surinamensis).
(b) The European red-backed shrile (Lanius collurio); -- called also
flusher.

FLASHILY
Flash"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a flashy manner; with empty show.

FLASHINESS
Flash"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being flashy.

FLASHING
Flash"ing, n.

1. (Engineering)

Defn: The creation of an artifical flood by the sudden letting in of
a body of water; -- called also flushing.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Pieces of metal, built into the joints of a wall, so as to lap
over the edge of the gutters or to cover the edge of the roofing;
also, similar pieces used to cover the valleys of roofs of slate,
shingles, or the like. By extension, the metal covering of ridges and
hips of roofs; also, in the United States, the protecting of angles
and breaks in walls of frame houses with waterproof material, tarred
paper, or the like. Cf. Filleting.

3. (Glass Making)
(a) The reheating of an article at the furnace aperture during
manufacture to restore its plastic condition; esp., the reheating of
a globe of crown glass to allow it to assume a flat shape as it is
rotated.
(b) A mode of covering transparent white glass with a film of colored
glass. Knight. Flashing point (Chem.), that degree of temperature at
which a volatile oil gives off vapor in sufficient quantity to burn,
or flash, on the approach of a flame, used as a test of the
comparative safety of oils, esp. kerosene; a flashing point of 100º
F. is regarded as a fairly safe standard. The burning point of the
oil is usually from ten to thirty degree above the flashing point of
its vapor.

FLASHY
Flash"y, a.

1. Dazzling for a moment; making a momentary show of brilliancy;
transitorily bright.
A little flashy and transient pleasure. Barrow.

2. Fiery; vehement; impetuous.
A temper always flashy. Burke.

3. Showy; gay; gaudy; as, a flashy dress.

4. Without taste or spirit.
Lean and flashy songs. Milton.

FLASK
Flask, n. Etym: [AS. flasce, flaxe; akin to D. flesch, OHG. flasca,
G. flasche, Icel. & Sw. flaska, Dan. flaske, OF. flasche, LL. flasca,
flasco; of uncertain origin; cf. L. vasculum, dim. of vas a vessel,
Gr. Flagon, Flasket.]

1. A small bottle-shaped vessel for holding fluids; as, a flask of
oil or wine.

2. A narrow-necked vessel of metal or glass, used for various
purposes; as of sheet metal, to carry gunpowder in; or of wrought
iron, to contain quicksilver; or of glass, to heat water in, etc.

3. A bed in a gun carriage. [Obs.] Bailey.

4. (Founding)

Defn: The wooden or iron frame which holds the sand, etc., forming
the mold used in a foundry; it consists of two or more parts; viz.,
the cope or top; sometimes, the cheeks, or middle part; and the drag,
or bottom part. When there are one or more cheeks, the flask is
called a three part flask, four part flask, etc. Erlenmeyer flask, a
thin glass flask, flat-bottomed and cone-shaped to allow of safely
shaking its contents laterally without danger of spilling; -- so
called from Erlenmeyer, a German chemist who invented it.
 -- Florence flask. Etym: [From Florence in Italy.] (a) Same as
Betty, n., 3. (b) A glass flask, round or pear-shaped, with round or
flat bottom, and usually very thin to allow of heating solutions.
 -- Pocket flask, a kind of pocket dram bottle, often covered with
metal or leather to protect it from breaking.

FLASKET
Flask"et, n. Etym: [Cf. W. fflasged a vessel of straw or wickerwork,
fflasg flask, basket, and E. flask.]

1. A long, shallow basket, with two handles. [Eng.]
In which they gathered flowers to fill their flasket. Spenser.

2. A small flask.

3. A vessel in which viands are served. [Obs.] Pope.

FLAT
Flat, a. [Compar. Flatter; superl. Flattest.] Etym: [Akin to Icel.
flatr, Sw. flat, Dan. flad, OHG. flaz, and AS. flet floor, G. flötz
stratum, layer.]

1. Having an even and horizontal surface, or nearly so, without
prominences or depressions; level without inclination; plane.
Though sun and moon Were in the flat sea sunk. Milton.

2. Lying at full length, or spread out, upon the ground; level with
the ground or earth; prostrate; as, to lie flat on the ground; hence,
fallen; laid low; ruined; destroyed.
What ruins kingdoms, and lays cities flat! Milton.
I feel . . . my hopes all flat. Milton.

3. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Wanting relief; destitute of variety; without points of
prominence and striking interest.
A large part of the work is, to me, very flat. Coleridge.

4. Tasteless; stale; vapid; insipid; dead; as, fruit or drink flat to
the taste.

5. Unanimated; dull; uninteresting; without point or spirit;
monotonous; as, a flat speech or composition.
How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable Seem to me all the uses of
this world. Shak.

6. Lacking liveliness of commercial exchange and dealings; depressed;
dull; as, the market is flat.

7. Clear; unmistakable; peremptory; absolute; positive; downright.
Flat burglary as ever was committed. Shak.
A great tobacco taker too, -- that's flat. Marston.

8. (Mus.)
(a) Below the true pitch; hence, as applied to intervals, minor, or
lower by a half step; as, a flat seventh; A flat.
(b) Not sharp or shrill; not acute; as, a flat sound.

9. (Phonetics)

Defn: Sonant; vocal; -- applied to any one of the sonant or vocal
consonants, as distinguished from a nonsonant (or sharp) consonant.
Flat arch. (Arch.) See under Arch, n., 2. (b).
 -- Flat cap, cap paper, not folded. See under Paper.
 -- Flat chasing, in fine art metal working, a mode of ornamenting
silverware, etc., producing figures by dots and lines made with a
punching tool. Knight.
 -- Flat chisel, a sculptor's chisel for smoothing.
 -- Flat file, a file wider than its thickness, and of rectangular
section. See File.
 -- Flat nail, a small, sharp-pointed, wrought nail, with a flat,
thin head, larger than a tack. Knight.
 -- Flat paper, paper which has not been folded.
 -- Flat rail, a railroad rail consisting of a simple flat bar spiked
to a longitudinal sleeper.
 -- Flat rods (Mining), horizontal or inclined connecting rods, for
transmitting motion to pump rods at a distance. Raymond.
 -- Flat rope, a rope made by plaiting instead of twisting; gasket;
sennit.

Note: Some flat hoisting ropes, as for mining shafts, are made by
sewing together a number of ropes, making a wide, flat band. Knight.
 -- Flat space. (Geom.) See Euclidian space.
 -- Flat stitch, the process of wood engraving. [Obs.] -- Flat tint
(Painting), a coat of water color of one uniform shade.
 -- To fall flat (Fig.), to produce no effect; to fail in the
intended effect; as, his speech fell flat.
Of all who fell by saber or by shot, Not one fell half so flat as
Walter Scott. Lord Erskine.

FLAT
Flat, adv.

1. In a flat manner; directly; flatly.
Sin is flat opposite to the Almighty. Herbert.

2. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: Without allowance for accrued interest. [Broker's Cant]

FLAT
Flat, n.

1. A level surface, without elevation, relief, or prominences; an
extended plain; specifically, in the United States, a level tract
along the along the banks of a river; as, the Mohawk Flats.
Envy is as the sunbeams that beat hotter upon a bank, or steep rising
ground, than upon a flat. Bacon.

2. A level tract lying at little depth below the surface of water, or
alternately covered and left bare by the tide; a shoal; a shallow; a
strand.
Half my power, this night Passing these flats, are taken by the tide.
Shak.

3. Something broad and flat in form; as:
(a) A flat-bottomed boat, without keel, and of small draught.
(b) A straw hat, broad-brimmed and low-crowned.
(c) (Railroad Mach.) A car without a roof, the body of which is a
platform without sides; a platform car.
(d) A platform on wheel, upon which emblematic designs, etc., are
carried in processions.

4. The flat part, or side, of anything; as, the broad side of a
blade, as distinguished from its edge.

5. (Arch.)

Defn: A floor, loft, or story in a building; especially, a floor of a
house, which forms a complete residence in itself.

6. (Mining)

Defn: A horizontal vein or ore deposit auxiliary to a main vein;
also, any horizontal portion of a vein not elsewhere horizontal.
Raymond.

7. A dull fellow; a simpleton; a numskull. [Colloq.]
Or if you can not make a speech, Because you are a flat. Holmes.

8. (Mus.)

Defn: A character [] before a note, indicating a tone which is a half
step or semitone lower.

9. (Geom.)

Defn: A homaloid space or extension.

FLAT
Flat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flatted; p. pr. & vb. n. Flatting.]

1. To make flat; to flatten; to level.

2. To render dull, insipid, or spiritless; to depress.
Passions are allayed, appetites are flatted. Barrow.

3. To depress in tone, as a musical note; especially, to lower in
pitch by half a tone.

FLAT
Flat, v. i.

1. To become flat, or flattened; to sink or fal to an even surface.
Sir W. Temple.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: To fall form the pitch. To flat out, to fail from a promising
beginning; to make a bad ending; to disappoint expectations.
[Colloq.]

FLATBILL
Flat"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird of the genus Flatyrynchus. They belong to the family
of flycatchers.

FLATBOAT
Flat"boat`, n.

Defn: A boat with a flat bottom and square ends; -- used for the
transportation of bulky freight, especially in shallow waters.

FLAT-BOTTOMED
Flat"-bot`tomed, a.

Defn: Having an even lower surface or bottom; as, a flat-bottomed
boat.

FLAT-CAP
Flat"-cap`, n.

Defn: A kind of low-crowned cap formerly worn by all classes in
England, and continued in London after disuse elsewhere; -- hence, a
citizen of London. Marston.

FLATFISH
Flat"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fish of the family Pleuronectidæ; esp., the winter flounder
(Pleuronectes Americanus). The flatfishes have the body flattened,
swim on the side, and have eyes on one side, as the flounder, turbot,
and halibut. See Flounder.

FLAT FOOT
Flat" foot`. (Med.)

Defn: A foot in which the arch of the instep is flattened so that the
entire sole of the foot rests upon the ground; also, the deformity,
usually congential, exhibited by such a foot; splayfoot.

FLAT-FOOTED
Flat"-foot`ed, a.

1. Having a flat foot, with little or no arch of the instep.

2. Firm-footed; determined. [Slang, U.S.]

FLATHEAD
Flat"head`, a.

Defn: Characterized by flatness of head, especially that produced by
artificial means, as a certain tribe of American Indians.

FLATHEAD
Flat"head`, n. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A Chinook Indian. See Chinook, n., 1.

FLAT-HEADED
Flat"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a head with a flattened top; as, a flat-headed nail.

FLATIRON
Flat"i`ron, n.

Defn: An iron with a flat, smooth surface for ironing clothes.

FLATIVE
Fla"tive, a. Etym: [L. flare, flatum to blow.]

Defn: Producing wind; flatulent. [Obs.] A. Brewer.

FLATLING
Flat"ling, adv. Etym: [Flat, a. + adverbial suff. -ing.]

Defn: With the flat side, as of a sword; flatlong; in a prostrate
position. [Obs.] Spenser.

FLATLONG
Flat"long

Defn: ; 115), adv. With the flat side downward; not edgewise. Shak.

FLATLY
Flat"ly, adv.

Defn: In a flat manner; evenly; horizontally; without spirit; dully;
frigidly; peremptori;y; positively, plainly. "He flatly refused his
aid." Sir P. Sidney.
He that does the works of religion slowly, flatly, and without
appetite. Jer. Taylor.

FLATNESS
Flat"ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being flat.

2. Eveness of surface; want of relief or prominence; the state of
being plane or level.

3. Want of vivacity or spirit; prostration; dejection; depression.

4. Want of variety or flavor; dullness; inspidity.

5. Depression of tone; the state of being below the true pitch; --
opposed to sharpness or acuteness.

FLATOUR
Fla*tour", n. Etym: [OF.]

Defn: A flatterer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FLATTEN
Flat"ten, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flattened; p. pr. & vb. n. Flattening.]
Etym: [From Flat, a.]

1. To reduce to an even surface or one approaching evenness; to make
flat; to level; to make plane.

2. To throw down; to bring to the ground; to prostrate; hence, to
depress; to deject; to dispirit.

3. To make vapid or insipid; to render stale.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: To lower the pitch of; to cause to sound less sharp; to let
fall from the pitch. To flatten a sail (Naut.), to set it more nearly
fore-and-aft of the vessel.
 -- Flattening oven, in glass making, a heated chamber in which split
glass cylinders are flattened for window glass.

FLATTEN
Flat"ten, v. i.

Defn: To become or grow flat, even, depressed dull, vapid,
spiritless, or depressed below pitch.

FLATTER
Flat"ter, n.

1. One who, or that which, makes flat or flattens.

2. (Metal Working)
(a) A flat-faced fulling hammer.
(b) A drawplate with a narrow, rectangular orifice, for drawing flat
strips, as watch springs, etc.

FLATTER
Flat"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flattered; p. pr. & vb. n. Flattering.]
Etym: [OE. flateren, cf. OD. flatteren; akin to G. flattern to
flutter, Icel. fla to fawn, flatter: cf. F. flatter. Cf. Flitter,
Flutter, Flattery.]

1. To treat with praise or blandishments; to gratify or attempt to
gratify the self-love or vanity of, esp. by artful and interested
commendation or attentions; to blandish; to cajole; to wheedle.
When I tell him he hates flatterers, He says he does, being then most
flattered. Shak.
A man that flattereth his neighbor, spreadeth a net for his feet.
Prov. xxix. 5.
Others he flattered by asking their advice. Prescott.

2. To raise hopes in; to encourage or favorable, but sometimes
unfounded or deceitful, representations.

3. To portray too favorably; to give a too favorable idea of; as, his
portrait flatters him.

FLATTER
Flat"ter, v. i.

Defn: To use flattery or insincere praise.
If it may stand him more in stead to lie, Say and unsay, feign,
flatter, or adjure. Milton.

FLATTERER
Flat"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who flatters.
The most abject flaterers degenerate into the greatest tyrants.
Addison.

FLATTERING
Flat"ter*ing, a.

Defn: That flatters (in the various senses of the verb); as, a
flattering speech.
Lay not that flattering unction to your soul. Shak.
A flattering painter, who made it his care, To draw men as they ought
be, not as they are. Goldsmith.

FLATTERINGLY
Flat"ter*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With flattery.

FLATTERY
Flat"ter*y, n.; pl. Flatteries. Etym: [OE. flaterie, OF. flaterie, F.
flaterie, fr. flater to flatter, F. flatter; of uncertain origin. See
Flatter, v. t.]

Defn: The act or practice of flattering; the act of pleasing by
artiful commendation or compliments; adulation; false, insincere, or
excessive praise.
Just praise is only a debt, but flattery is a present. Rambler.
Flattery corrupts both the receiver and the giver. Burke.

Syn.
 -- Adulation; compliment; obsequiousness. See Adulation.

FLATTING
Flat"ting, n.

1. The process or operation of making flat, as a cylinder of glass by
opening it out.

2. A mode of painting,in which the paint, being mixed with
turpentine, leaves the work without gloss. Gwilt.

3. A method of preserving gilding unburnished, by touching with size.
Knolles.

4. The process of forming metal into sheets by passing it between
rolls. Flatting coat, a coat of paint so put on as to have no gloss.
 -- Flatting furnace. Same as Flattening oven, under Flatten.
 -- Flatting mill. (a) A rolling mill producing sheet metal; esp., in
mints, the ribbon from which the planchets are punched. (b) A mill in
which grains of metal are flatted by steel rolls, and reduced to
metallic dust, used for purposes of ornamentation.

FLATTISH
Flat"tish, a.

Defn: Somewhat flat. Woodward.

FLATULENCE; FLATULENCY
Flat"u*lence, Flat"u*len*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. flatulence.]

Defn: The state or quality of being flatulent.

FLATULENT
Flat"u*lent, a. Etym: [L. flatus a blowing, flatus ventris windiness,
flatulence, fr. flare to blow: cf. F. flatulent. See Blow.]

1. Affected with flatus or gases generated in the alimentary canal;
windy.

2. Generating, or tending to generate, wind in the stomach.
Vegetables abound more with aërial particles than animal substances,
and therefore are more flatulent. Arbuthnot.

3. Turgid with flatus; as, a flatulent tumor. Quincy.

4. Pretentious without substance or reality; puffy; empty; vain; as,
a flatulent vanity.
He is too flatulent sometimes, and sometimes too dry. Dryden.

FLATULENTLY
Flat"u*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a flatulent manner; with flatulence.

FLATUOSITY
Flat`u*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. flatuosité.]

Defn: Flatulence. [Obs.] Bacon.

FLATUOUS
Flat"u*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. flatueux.]

Defn: Windy; generating wind. [Obs.] Bacon.

FLATUS
Fla"tus, n.; pl. E. Flatuses, L. Flatus. Etym: [L., fr. flare to
blow.]

1. A breath; a puff of wind. Clarke.

2. Wind or gas generated in the stomach or other cavities of the
body. Quincy.

FLATWARE
Flat"ware`, n.

Defn: Articles for the table, as china or silverware, that are more
or less flat, as distinguished from hollow ware.

FLATWARE
Flat"ware`, n.

Defn: Articles for the table, as china or silverware, that are more
or less flat, as distinguished from hollow ware.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]

FLATWISE
Flat"wise`, a. or adv.

Defn: With the flat side downward, or next to another object; not
edgewise.

FLATWORM
Flat"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any worm belonging to the Plathelminthes; also, sometimes
applied to the planarians.

FLAUNDRISH
Flaun"drish ( or ), a.

Defn: Flemish. [Obs.]

FLAUNT
Flaunt ( or ; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flaunted; p. pr. & vb. n..
Flaunting.] Etym: [Cf. dial. G. flandern to flutter, wave; perh. akin
to E. flatter, flutter.]

Defn: To throw or spread out; to flutter; to move ostentatiously; as,
a flaunting show.
You flaunt about the streets in your new gilt chariot. Arbuthnot.
One flaunts in rags, one flutters in brocade. Pope.

FLAUNT
Flaunt, v. t.

Defn: To display ostentatiously; to make an impudent show of.

FLAUNT
Flaunt, n.

Defn: Anything displayed for show. [Obs.]
In these my borrowed flaunts. Shak.

FLAUNTINGLY
Flaunt"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a flaunting way.

FLAUTIST
Flau"tist, n. Etym: [It. flauto a flute See Flute.]

Defn: A player on the flute; a flutist.

FLAUTO
Flau"to, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A flute. Flaute piccolo ( Etym: [It., little flute], an octave
flute.
 -- Flauto traverso ( Etym: [It., transverse flute], the German
flute, held laterally, instead of being played, like the old flûte a
bec, with a mouth piece at the end.

FLAVANILINE
Fla*van"i*line ( or ; 104), n. Etym: [L. flavus yellow + E. aniline.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A yellow, crystalline, organic dyestuff, C16H14N2, of artifical
production. It is a strong base, and is a complex derivative of
aniline and quinoline.

FLAVESCENT
Fla*ves"cent, a. Etym: [L. flavescens, p.pr. of flavescere to turn
yellow.]

Defn: Turning yellow; yellowish.

FLAVICOMOUS
Fla*vic"o*mous, a. Etym: [L. flavicomus; flavus yellow + coma hair.]

Defn: Having yellow hair. [R.]

FLAVIN
Fla"vin, n. Etym: [L. flavus yellow.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow, vegetable dyestuff, resembling quercitron.

FLAVINE
Fla"vine (; 104), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow, crystalline, organic base, C13H12N2O, obtained
artificially.

FLAVOL
Fla"vol, n. Etym: [L. flavus yellow + -oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow, crystalline substance, obtained from anthraquinone,
and regarded as a hydroxyl derivative of it.

FLAVOR
Fla"vor, n. Etym: [OF. fleur, flaur (two syllables), odor, cf. F.
fleurer to emit an odor, It. flatore a bad odor, prob. fr. L. flare
to bow, whence the sense of exhalation. Cf. Blow.] [Written also
flavour.]

1. That quality of anything which affects the smell; odor;
fragrances; as, the flavor of a rose.

2. That quality of anything which affects the taste; that quality
which gratifies the palate; relish; zest; savor; as, the flavor of
food or drink.

3. That which imparts to anything a peculiar odor or taste,
gratifying to the sense of smell, or the nicer perceptions of the
palate; a substance which flavors.

4. That quality which gives character to any of the productions of
literature or the fine arts.

FLAVOR
Fla"vor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flavored; p. pr. & vb. n. Flavoring.]

Defn: To give flavor to; to add something (as salt or a spice) to, to
give character or zest.

FLAVORED
Fla"vored, a.

Defn: Having a distinct flavor; as, high-flavored wine.

FLAVORLESS
Fla"vor*less, a.

Defn: Without flavor; tasteless.

FLAVOROUS
Fla"vor*ous, a.

Defn: Imparting flavor; pleasant to the taste or smell; sapid.
Dryden.

FLAVOUS
Fla"vous, a. Etym: [L. flavus.]

Defn: Yellow. [Obs.]

FLAW
Flaw, n. Etym: [OE. flai, flaw flake; cf. Sw. flaga flaw, crack,
breach, flake, D. vlaag gust of wind, Norw. flage, flaag, and E. flag
a flat stone.]

1. A crack or breach; a gap or fissure; a defect of continuity or
cohesion; as, a flaw in a knife or a vase.
This heart Shall break into a hundered thousand flaws. Shak.

2. A defect; a fault; as, a flaw in reputation; a flaw in a will, in
a deed, or in a statute.
Has not this also its flaws and its dark side South.

3. A sudden burst of noise and disorder; a tumult; uproar; a quarrel.
[Obs.]
And deluges of armies from the town Came pouring in; I heard the
mighty flaw. Dryden.

4. A sudden burst or gust of wind of short duration.
Snow, and hail, and stormy gust and flaw. Milton.
Like flaws in summer laying lusty corn. Tennyson.

Syn.
 -- Blemish; fault; imoerfection; spot; speck.

FLAW
Flaw, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flawed; p. pr. & vb. n. Flawing.]

1. To crack; to make flaws in.
The brazen caldrons with the frosts are flawed. Dryden.

2. To break; to violate; to make of no effect. [Obs.]
France hath flawed the league. Shak.

FLAWLESS
Flaw"less, a.

Defn: Free from flaws. Boyle.

FLAWN
Flawn, n. Etym: [OF. flaon, F. flan, LL. flado, fr. OHG. flado, G.
fladen, a sort of pancake; cf. Gr. Place.]

Defn: A sort of flat custard or pie. [Obs.] Tusser.

FLAWTER
Flaw"ter, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Flay.]

Defn: To scrape o [Obs.] Johnson.

FLAWY
Flaw"y, a.

1. Full of flaws or cracks; broken; defective; faulty. Johnson.

2. Subject to sudden flaws or gusts of wind.

FLAX
Flax, n. Etym: [AS. fleax; akin to D. vlas, OHG. flahs, G. flachs,
and prob. to flechten to braid, plait,m twist, L. plectere to weave,
plicare to fold, Gr. Ply.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Linum, esp. the L. usitatissimum, which
has a single, slender stalk, about a foot and a half high, with blue
flowers. The fiber of the bark is used for making thread and cloth,
called linen, cambric, lawn, lace, etc. Linseed oil is expressed from
the seed.

2. The skin or fibrous part of the flax plant, when broken and
cleaned by hatcheling or combing. Earth flax (Min.), amianthus.
 -- Flax brake, a machine for removing the woody portion of flax from
the fibrous.
 -- Flax comb, a hatchel, hackle, or heckle.
 -- Flax cotton, the fiber of flax, reduced by steeping in
bicarbinate of soda and acidulated liquids, and prepared for
bleaching and spinning like cotton. Knight.
 -- Flax dresser, one who breaks and swingles flax, or prepares it
for the spinner.
 -- Flax mill, a mill or factory where flax is spun or linen
manufactured.
 -- Flax puller, a machine for pulling flax plants in the field.
 -- Flax wench. (a) A woman who spins flax. [Obs.] (b) A prostitute.
[Obs.] Shak.
 -- Mountain flax (Min.), amianthus.
 -- New Zealand flax (Bot.) See Flax-plant.

FLAXEN
Flax"en, a.

Defn: Made of flax; resembling flax or its fibers; of the color of
flax; of a light soft straw color; fair and flowing, like flax or
tow; as, flaxen thread; flaxen hair.

FLAX-PLANT
Flax"-plant`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant in new Zealand (Phormium tenax), allied to the lilies
and aloes. The leaves are two inches wide and several feet long, and
furnish a fiber which is used for making ropes, mats, and coarse
cloth.

FLAXSEED
Flax"seed`, n.

Defn: The seed of the flax; linseed.

FLAXWEED
Flax"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Toadflax.

FLAXY
Flax"y, a.

Defn: Like flax; flaxen. Sir M. Sandys.

FLAY
Flay, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Flaying.] Etym:
[OE. flean, flan, AS. fleán; akin to D. vlaen, Icel. fla, Sw. flå,
Dan. flaae, cf. Lith. ples to tear, plyszti, v.i., to burst tear;
perh. akin to E. flag to flat stone, flaw.]

Defn: To skin; to strip off the skin or surface of; as, to flay an
ox; to flay the green earth.
With her nails She 'll flay thy wolfish visage. Shak.

FLAYER
Flay"er, n.

Defn: One who strips off the skin.

FLEA
Flea, v. t. Etym: [See Flay.]

Defn: To flay. [Obs.]
He will be fleaced first And horse collars made of's skin. J.
Fletcher.

FLEA
Flea, n. Etym: [OE. fle, flee, AS. fleá, fleáh; akin to D. fl, G.
floh, Icel. fl, Russ. blocha; prob. from the root of E. flee. Flee.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect belonging to the genus Pulex, of the order
Aphaniptera. Fleas are destitute of wings, but have the power of
leaping energetically. The bite is poisonous to most persons. The
human flea (Pulex irritans), abundant in Europe, is rare in America,
where the dog flea (P. canis) takes its place. See Aphaniptera, and
Dog flea. See Illustration in Appendix. A flea in the ear, an
unwelcome hint or unexpected reply, annoying like a flea; an
irritating repulse; as, to put a flea in one's ear; to go away with a
flea in one's ear.
 -- Beach flea, Black flea, etc. See under Beach, etc.

FLEABANE
Flea"bane`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: One of various plants, supposed to have efficacy in driving
away fleas. They belong, for the most part, to the genera Conyza,
Erigeron, and Pulicaria.

FLEA-BEETLE
Flea"-bee`tle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small beetle of the family Halticidæ, of many species. They
have strong posterior legs and leap like fleas. The turnip flea-
beetle (Phyllotreta vittata) and that of the grapevine (Graptodera
chalybea) are common injurious species.

FLEA-BITE
Flea"-bite`, n.

1. The bite of a flea, or the red spot caused by the bite.

2. A trifling wound or pain, like that of the bite of a flea. Harvey.

FLEA-BITTEN
Flea"-bit`ten, a.

1. Bitten by a flea; as, a flea-bitten face.

2. White, flecked with minute dots of bay or sorrel; -- said of the
color of a horse.

FLEAGH
Fleagh, obs.

Defn: imp. of Fly.

FLEAK
Fleak, n.

Defn: A flake; a thread or twist. [Obs.]
Little long fleaks or threads of hemp. Dr. H. More.

FLEAKING
Fleak"ing, n.

Defn: A light covering of reeds, over which the main covering is
laid, in thatching houses. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

FLEA-LOUSE
Flea"-louse`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A jumping plant louse of the family Psyllidæ, of many species.
That of the pear tree is Psylla pyri.

FLEAM
Fleam, n. Etym: [F. flamme, OF. flieme, fr. LL. flevotomum,
phlebotomum; cf. D. vlijm. See Phlebotomy.] (Surg. & Far.)

Defn: A sharp instrument used for opening veins, lancing gums, etc.;
a kind of lancet. Fleam tooth, a tooth of a saw shaped like an
isosceles triangle; a peg tooth. Knight.

FLEAMY
Fleam"y, a.

Defn: Bloody; clotted. [Obs. or Prov.]
Foamy bubbling of a fleamy brain. Marston.

FLEAR
Flear, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Fleer.

FLEAWORT
Flea"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An herb used in medicine (Plantago Psyllium), named from the
shape of its seeds. Loudon.

FLECHE
Flèche, n. Etym: [F. flèche, prop., an arrow.] (Fort.)

Defn: A simple fieldwork, consisting of two faces forming a salient
angle pointing outward and open at the gorge.

FLECK
Fleck, n.

Defn: A flake; also, a lock, as of wool. [Obs.] J. Martin.

FLECK
Fleck, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. flekkr; akin to Sw. fläck, D. vlek, G.
fleck, and perh. to E. flitch.]

Defn: A spot; a streak; a speckle. "A sunny fleck." Longfellow.
Life is dashed with flecks of sin. tennyson.

FLECK
Fleck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flecked; p. pr. & vb. n. Flecking.] Etym:
[Cf. Icel. flekka, Sw. fläcka, D. vlekken, vlakken, G. flecken. See
Fleck, n.]

Defn: To spot; to streak or stripe; to variegate; to dapple.
Both flecked with white, the true Arcadian strain. Dryden.
A bird, a cloud, flecking the sunny air. Trench.

FLECKER
Fleck"er, v. t.

Defn: To fleck. Johnson.

FLECKLESS
Fleck"less, a.

Defn: Without spot or blame. [R.]
My consnience will not count me fleckless. Tennyson.

FLECTION
Flec"tion, n. Etym: [See Flexion.]

1. The act of bending, or state of being bent.

2. The variation of words by declension, comparison, or conjugation;
inflection.

FLECTIONAL
Flec"tion*al, a.

Defn: Capable of, or pertaining to, flection or inflection.
A flectional word is a phrase in the bud. Earle.

FLECTOR
Flec"tor, n.

Defn: A flexor.

FLED
Fled,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Flee.

FLEDGE
Fledge, a. Etym: [OE. flegge, flygge; akin to D. vlug, G. flügge,
flücke, OHG. flucchi, Icel. fleygr, and to E. fly. Fly, v. i.]

Defn: Feathered; furnished with feathers or wings; able to fly.
Hfledge with wings. Milton.

FLEDGE
Fledge, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Fledged; p. pr. & vb. n. Fledging.]

1. To furnish with feathers; to supply with the feathers necessary
for flight.
The birds were not as yet fledged enough to shift for themselves.
L'Estrange.

2. To furnish or adorn with any soft covering.
Your master, whose chin is not yet fledged. Shak.

FLEDGELING
Fledge"ling, n.

Defn: A young bird just fledged.

FLEE
Flee, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fleeing.] Etym: [OE.
fleon, fleen, AS. fleón (imperf. fleáh); akin to D. vlieden, OHG. &
OS. fliohan, G. fliehen, Icel. fl (imperf. fl), Dan. flye, Sw. fly
(imperf. flydde), Goth. pliuhan. (Flight.]

Defn: To run away, as from danger or evil; to avoid in an alarmed or
cowardly manner; to hasten off; -- usually with from. This is
sometimes omitted, making the verb transitive.
[He] cowardly fled, not having struck one stroke. Shak.
Flee fornication. 1 Cor. vi. 18.
So fled his enemies my warlike father. Shak.

Note: When great speed is to be indicated, we commonly use fly, not
flee; as, fly hence to France with the utmost speed. "Whither shall I
fly to 'scape their hands" Shak. See Fly, v. i., 5.

FLEECE
Fleece, n. Etym: [OE. flees, AS. fleós; akin to D. flies, vlies .]

1. The entire coat of wood that covers a sheep or other similar
animal; also, the quantity shorn from a sheep, or animal, at one
time.
Who shore me Like a tame wether, all my precious fleece. Milton.

2. Any soft woolly covering resembling a fleece.

3. (Manuf.)

Defn: The fine web of cotton or wool removed by the doffing knife
from the cylinder of a carding machine. Fleece wool, wool shorn from
the sheep.
 -- Golden fleece. See under Golden.

FLEECE
Fleece, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fleeced; p. pr. & vb. n. Fleecing.]

1. To deprive of a fleece, or natural covering of wool.

2. To strip of money or other property unjustly, especially by
trickery or frand; to bring to straits by oppressions and exactions.
Whilst pope and prince shared the wool betwixt them, the people were
finely fleeced. Fuller.

3. To spread over as with wool. [R.] Thomson.

FLEECED
Fleeced, a.

1. Furnished with a fleece; as, a sheep is well fleeced. Spenser.

2. Stripped of a fleece; plundered; robbed.

FLEECELESS
Fleece"less, a.

Defn: Without a fleece.

FLEECER
Flee"cer, n.

Defn: One who fleeces or strips unjustly, especially by trickery or
fraund. Prynne.

FLEECY
Flee"cy, a.

Defn: Covered with, made of, or resembling, a fleece. "Fleecy
flocks." Prior.

FLEEN
Fleen, n. pl.

Defn: Obs. pl. of Flea. Chaucer.

FLEER
Fle"er, n.

Defn: One who flees. Ld. Berners.

FLEER
Fleer, [imp. & p. p. Fleered (; p. pr. & vb. n. Fleering.] Etym: [OE.
flerien; cf. Scot. fleyr, Norw. flira to titter, giggle, laugh at
nothing, MHG. vlerre, vlarre, a wide wound.]

1. To make a wry face in contempt, or to grin in scorn; to deride; to
sneer; to mock; to gibe; as, to fleer and flout.
To fleer and scorn at our solemnity. Shak.

2. To grin with an air of civility; to leer. [Obs.]
Grinning and fleering as though they went to a bear baiting. Latimer.

FLEER
Fleer, v. t.

Defn: To mock; to flout at. Beau. & Fl.

FLEER
Fleer, n.

1. A word or look of derision or mockery.
And mark the fleers, the gibes, and notable scorn. Shak.

2. A grin of civility; a leer. [Obs.]
A sly, treacherous fleer on the face of deceivers. South.

FLEERER
Fleer"er, n.

Defn: One who fleers. Beau. & Fl.

FLEERINGLY
Fleer"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a fleering manner.

FLEET
Fleet, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fleeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fleeting.] Etym:
[OE. fleten, fleoten, to swim, AS. fleótan to swim, float; akin to D.
vlieten to flow, OS. fliotan, OHG. fliozzan, G. fliessen, Icel.
fljota to float, flow, Sw. flyta, D. flyde, L. pluere to rain, Gr.
plu to swim, sail. sq. root84. Cf. Fleet, n. & a., Float, Pluvial,
Flow.]

1. To sail; to float. [Obs.]
And in frail wood on Adrian Gulf doth fleet. Spenser.

2. To fly swiftly; to pass over quickly; to hasten; to flit as a
light substance.
All the unaccomplished works of Nature's hand, . . . Dissolved on
earth, fleet hither. Milton.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: To slip on the whelps or the barrel of a capstan or windlass; -
- said of a cable or hawser.

FLEET
Fleet, v. t.

1. To pass over rapidly; to skin the surface of; as, a ship that
fleets the gulf. Spenser.

2. To hasten over; to cause to pass away lighty, or in mirth and joy.
Many young gentlemen flock to him, and fleet the time carelessly.
Shak.

3. (Naut.)
(a) To draw apart the blocks of; -- said of a tackle. Totten.
(b) To cause to slip down the barrel of a capstan or windlass, as a
rope or chain.

FLEET
Fleet, a. [Compar. Fleeter; superl. Fleetest.] Etym: [Cf. Icel. flj
quick. See Fleet, v. i.]

1. Swift in motion; moving with velocity; light and quick in going
from place to place; nimble.
In mail their horses clad, yet fleet and strong. Milton.

2. Light; superficially thin; not penetring deep, as soil. [Prov.
Eng.] Mortimer.

FLEET
Fleet, n. Etym: [OE. flete, fleote, AS. fleót ship, fr. fleótan to
float, swim. See Fleet, v. i. and cf. Float.]

Defn: A number of vessels in company, especially war vessels; also,
the collective naval force of a country, etc. Fleet captain, the
senior aid of the admiral of a fleet, when a captain. Ham. Nav.
Encyc.

FLEET
Fleet, n. Etym: [AS. fleót a place where vessels float, bay, river;
akin to D. vliet rill, brook, G. fliess. See Fleet, v. i.]

1. A flood; a creek or inlet; a bay or estuary; a river; -- obsolete,
except as a place name, -- as Fleet Street in London.
Together wove we nets to entrap the fish In floods and sedgy fleets.
Matthewes.

2. A former prison in London, which originally stood near a stream,
the Fleet (now filled up). Fleet parson, a clergyman of low
character, in, or in the vicinity of, the Fleet prison, who was ready
to unite persons in marriage (called Fleet marriage) at any hour,
without public notice, witnesses, or consent of parents.

FLEET
Fleet, v. t. Etym: [AS. flet cream, fr. fleótan to float. See Fleet,
v. i.]

Defn: To take the cream from; to skim. [Prov. Eng.] Johnson.

FLEETEN
Fleet"en, n.

Defn: Fleeted or skimmed milk. [Obs.] Fleeten face, a face of the
color of fleeten, i. e., blanched; hence, a coward. "You know where
you are, you fleeten face." Beau. & Fl.

FLEET-FOOT
Fleet"-foot`, a.

Defn: Swift of foot. Shak.

FLEETING
Fleet"ing, a.

Defn: Passing swiftly away; not durable; transient; transitory; as,
the fleeting hours or moments.

Syn.
 -- Evanescent; ephemeral. See Transient.

FLEETINGLY
Fleet"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a fleeting manner; swiftly.

FLEETINGS
Fleet"ings, n. pl.

Defn: A mixture of buttermilk and boiling whey; curds. [prov. Eng.]
Wright.

FLEETLY
Fleet"ly, adv.

Defn: In a fleet manner; rapidly.

FLEETNESS
Fleet"ness, n.

Defn: Swiftness; rapidity; velocity; celerity; speed; as, the
fleetness of a horse or of time.

FLEIGH
Fleigh, obs.

Defn: imp. of Fly. Chaucer.

FLEME
Fleme, v. t. Etym: [AS. fleman, flyman.]

Defn: To banish; to drive out; to expel. [Obs.] "Appetite flemeth
discretion." Chaucer.

FLEMER
Flem"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, banishes or expels. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FLEMING
Flem"ing, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Flanders.

FLEMISH
Flem"ish, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Flanders, or the Flemings.
 -- n.

Defn: The language or dialect spoken by the Flemings; also,
collectively, the people of Flanders. Flemish accounts (Naut.), short
or deficient accounts. [Humorous]Ham. Nav. Encyc.
 -- Flemish beauty (Bot.), a well known pear. It is one of few kinds
which have a red color on one side.
 -- Flemish bond. (Arch.) See Bond, n., 8.
 -- Flemish brick, a hard yellow paving brick.
 -- Flemish coil, a flat coil of rope with the end in the center and
the turns lying against, without riding over, each other.
 -- Flemish eye (Naut.), an eye formed at the end of a rope by
dividing the strands and lying them over each other.
 -- Flemish horse (Naut.), an additional footrope at the end of a
yard.

FLENCH
Flench, v. t.

Defn: Same as Flence.

FLENSE
Flense, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Dan. flense, D. vlensen, vlenzen, Scot.
flinch.]

Defn: To strip the blubber or skin from, as from a whale, seal, etc.
the flensed carcass of a fur seal. U. S. Census (1880).

FLESH
Flesh, n. Etym: [OE. flesch, flesc, AS. fl; akin to OFries. flask, D.
vleesch, OS. fl, OHG. fleisc, G. fleisch, Icel. & Dan. flesk lard,
bacon, pork, Sw. fläsk.]

1. The aggregate of the muscles, fat, and other tissues which cover
the framework of bones in man and other animals; especially, the
muscles.

Note: In composition it is mainly albuminous, but contains in adition
a large number of crystalline bodies, such as creatin, xanthin,
hypoxanthin, carnin, etc. It is also rich in phosphate of potash.

2. Animal food, in distinction from vegetable; meat; especially, the
body of beasts and birds used as food, as distinguished from fish.
With roasted flesh, or milk, and wastel bread. Chaucer.

3. The human body, as distinguished from the soul; the corporeal
person.
As if this flesh, which walls about our life, Were brass impregnable.
Shak.

4. The human eace; mankind; humanity.
All flesh had corrupted his way upon the earth. Gen. vi. 12.

5. Human nature:
(a) In a good sense, tenderness of feeling; gentleness.
There is no flesh in man's obdurate heart. Cowper.

(b) In a bad sense, tendency to transient or physical pleasure;
desire for sensual gratification; carnality.
(c) (Theol.) The character under the influence of animal propensities
or selfish passions; the soul unmoved by spiritual influences.

6. Kindred; stock; race.
He is our brother and our flesh. Gen. xxxvii. 27.

7. The soft, pulpy substance of fruit; also, that part of a root,
fruit, and the like, which is fit to be eaten.

Note: Flesh is often used adjectively or self-explaining compounds;
as, flesh broth or flesh-broth; flesh brush or fleshbrush; flesh tint
or flesh-tint; flesh wound. After the flesh, after the manner of man;
in a gross or earthly manner. "Ye judge after the flesh." John viii.
15.
 -- An arm of flesh, human strength or aid.
 -- Flesh and blood. See under Blood.
 -- Flesh broth, broth made by boiling flesh in water.
 -- Flesh fly (Zoöl.), one of several species of flies whose larvæ or
maggots feed upon flesh, as the bluebottle fly; -- called also meat
fly, carrion fly, and blowfly. See Blowly.
 -- Flesh meat, animal food. Swift.
 -- Flesh side, the side of a skin or hide which was next to the
flesh; -- opposed to grain side.
 -- Flesh tint (Painting), a color used in painting to imitate the
hue of the living body.
 -- Flesh worm (Zoöl.), any insect larva of a flesh fly. See Flesh
fly (above).
 -- Proud flesh. See under Proud.
 -- To be one flesh, to be closely united as in marriage; to become
as one person. Gen. ii. 24.

FLESH
Flesh, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fleshed; p. pr. & vb. n. Fleshing.]

1. To feed with flesh, as an incitement to further exertion; to
initiate; -- from the practice of training hawks and dogs by feeding
them with the first game they take, or other flesh. Hence, to use
upon flesh (as a murderous weapon) so as to draw blood, especially
for the first time.
Full bravely hast thou fleshed Thy maiden sword. Shak.
The wild dog Shall flesh his tooth on every innocent. Shak.

2. To glut; to satiate; hence, to harden, to accustom. "Fleshed in
triumphs." Glanvill.
Old soldiers Fleshed in the spoils of Germany and France. Beau. & Fl.

3. (Leather Manufacture)

Defn: To remove flesh, membrance, etc., from, as from hides.

FLESHED
Fleshed, a.

1. Corpulent; fat; having flesh.

2. Glutted; satiated; initiated.
Fleshed with slaughter. Dryden.

FLESHER
Flesh"er, n.

1. A butcher.
A flesher on a block had laid his whittle down. Macaulay.

2. A two-handled, convex, blunt-edged knife, for scraping hides; a
fleshing knife.

FLESHHOOD
Flesh"hood, n.

Defn: The state or condition of having a form of flesh; incarnation.
[R.]
Thou, who hast thyself Endured this fleshhood. Mrs. Browning.

FLESHINESS
Flesh"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being fleshy; plumpness; corpulence; grossness.
Milton.

FLESHINGS
Flesh"ings, n. pl.

Defn: Flesh-colored tights, worn by actors dancers. D. Jerrold.

FLESHLESS
Flesh"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of flesh; lean. Carlyle.

FLESHLINESS
Flesh"li*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being fleshly; carnal passions and appetites.
Spenser.

FLESHLING
Flesh"ling, n.

Defn: A person devoted to fleshly things. [Obs.] Spenser.

FLESHLY
Flesh"ly, a. Etym: [AS.

1. Of or pertaining to the flesh; corporeal. "Fleshly bondage."
Denham.

2. Animal; not Dryden.

3. Human; not celestial; not spiritual or divine. "Fleshly wisdom." 2
Cor. i. 12.
Much ostentation vain of fleshly arm And fragile arms. Milton.

4. Carnal; wordly; lascivious.
Abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul. 1 Pet. ii.
11.

FLESHLY
Flesh"ly, adv.

Defn: In a fleshly manner; carnally; lasciviously. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FLESHMENT
Flesh"ment, n.

Defn: The act of fleshing, or the excitement attending a successful
beginning. [R.] Shak.

FLESHMONGER
Flesh"mon`ger, n. Etym: [AS. .]

Defn: One who deals in flesh; hence, a pimp; a procurer; a pander.
[R.] Shak.

FLESHPOT
Flesh"pot`, n.

Defn: A pot or vessel in which flesh is cooked; hence (pl.),

Defn: plenty; high living.
In the land of Egypt . . . we sat by the fleshpots, and . . . did eat
bread to the full. Ex. xvi. 3.

FLESHQUAKE
Flesh"quake`, n.

Defn: A quaking or trembling of the flesh; a quiver. [Obs.] B.
Jonson.

FLESHY
Flesh"y, a. [Compar. Fleshier; superl. Fleshiest.]

1. Full of, or composed of, flesh; plump; corpulent; fat; gross.
The sole of his foot is fleshy. Ray.

2. Human. [Obs.] "Fleshy tabernacle." Milton.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Composed of firm pulp; succulent; as, the houseleek, cactus,
and agave are fleshy plants.

FLET
Flet, p. p. of Fleet.

Defn: Skimmed. [Obs.]

FLETCH
Fletch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fletched; p. pr. & vb. n. Fletching.]
Etym: [F. flèche arrow.]

Defn: To feather, as an arrow. Bp. Warburton.
[Congress] fletched their complaint, by adding: "America loved his
brother." Bancroft.

FLETCHER
Fletch"er, n. Etym: [OF. flechier.]

Defn: One who fletches of feathers arrows; a manufacturer of bows and
arrows. [Obs.] Mortimer.

FLETE
Flete, v. i. Etym: [See Fleet, v. i.]

Defn: To float; to swim. [Obs.] "Whether I sink or flete." Chaucer.

FLETIFEROUS
Fle*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. fletifer; fletus a weeping (from flere,
fletum, to weep) + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Producing tears. [Obs.] Blount.

FLEUR-DE-LIS
Fleur`-de-lis`, n.; pl. Fleurs-de-lis. Etym: [F., flower of the lily.
Cf. Flower-de-luce, Lily.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The iris. See Flower-de-luce.

2. A conventional flower suggested by the iris, and having a form
which fits it for the terminal decoration of a scepter, the ornaments
of a crown, etc. It is also a heraldic bearing, and is identified
with the royal arms and adornments of France.

FLEURON
Fleu`ron", n. [F., fr. OF. floron. Cf. Floroon.]

Defn: A flower-shaped ornament, esp. one terminating an object or
forming one of a series, as a knob of a cover to a dish, or a flower-
shaped part in a necklace.

FLEURY
Fleur"y, a. Etym: [F. fleuri covered with flowers, p.p. of fleurir.
See Flourish.] (Her.)

Defn: Finished at the ends with fleurs-de-lis; -- said esp. a cross
so decorated.

FLEW
Flew,

Defn: imp. of Fly.

FLEWED
Flewed, a.

Defn: Having large flews. Shak.

FLEWS
Flews, n. pl.

Defn: The pendulous or overhanging lateral parts of the upper lip of
dogs, especially prominent in hounds; -- called also chaps. See
Illust. of Bloodhound.

FLEX
Flex, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flexed; p. pr. & vb. n. Flexing.] Etym: [L.
flexus, p.p. of flectere to bend, perh. flectere and akin to falx
sickle, E. falchion. Cf. Flinch.]

Defn: To bend; as, to flex the arm.

FLEX
Flex, n.

Defn: Flax. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FLEXANIMOUS
Flex*an"i*mous, a. Etym: [L. flexanimus; flectere, flexum, to bend +
animus mind.]

Defn: Having power to change the mind. [Obs.] Howell.

FLEXIBILITY
Flex`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. flexibilitas: cf. F. flexibilite.]

Defn: The state or quality of being flexible; flexibleness; pliancy;
pliability; as, the flexibility of strips of hemlock, hickory,
whalebone or metal, or of rays of light. Sir I. Newton.
All the flexibility of a veteran courtier. Macaulay.

FLEXIBLE
Flex"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. flexibilis: cf. F. flexible.]

1. Capable of being flexed or bent; admitting of being turned, bowed,
or twisted, without breaking; pliable; yielding to pressure; not
stiff or brittle.
When the splitting wind Makes flexible the knees of knotted oaks.
Shak.

2. Willing or ready to yield to the influence of others; not
invincibly rigid or obstinate; tractable; manageable; ductile; easy
and compliant; wavering.
Phocion was a man of great severity, and no ways flexible to the will
of the people. Bacon.
Women are soft, mild, pitiful, and flexible. Shak.

3. Capable or being adapted or molded; plastic,; as, a flexible
language.
This was a principle more flexible to their purpose. Rogers.

Syn.
 -- Pliant; pliable; supple; tractable; manageable; ductile;
obsequious; inconstant; wavering.
 -- Flex"i*ble*ness, n.
 -- Flex"i*bly, adv.

FLEXICOSTATE
Flex`i*cos"tate, a. Etym: [L. flexus bent + E. costate.] (Anat.)

Defn: Having bent or curved ribs.

FLEXILE
Flex"ile, a. Etym: [L. flexilis.]

Defn: Flexible; pliant; pliable; easily bent; plastic; tractable.
Wordsworth.

FLEXION
Flex"ion, n. Etym: [L. flexio: cf. F. flexion.]

1. The act of flexing or bending; a turning.

2. A bending; a part bent; a fold. Bacon.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: Syntactical change of form of words, as by declension or
conjugation; inflection.
Express the syntactical relations by flexion. Sir W. Hamilton.

4. (Physiol.)

Defn: The bending of a limb or joint; that motion of a joint which
gives the distal member a continually decreasing angle with the axis
of the proximal part; -- distinguished from extension.

FLEXOR
Flex"or, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which bends or flexes any part; as, the flexors of the
arm or the hand; -- opposed to extensor.

FLEXUOSE
Flex"u*ose`, a.

Defn: Flexuous.

FLEXUOUS
Flex"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. flexuosus, fr. flexus a bending, turning.]

1. Having turns, windings, or flexures.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having alternate curvatures in opposite directions; bent in a
zigzag manner.

3. Wavering; not steady; flickering. Bacon.

FLEXURAL
Flex"u*ral, a. Etym: [From Flexure.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resulting from, flexure; of the nature
of, or characterized by, flexure; as, flexural elasticity.

FLEXURE
Flex"ure, n. Etym: [L. flexura.]

1. The act of flexing or bending; a turning or curving; flexion;
hence, obsequious bowing or bending.
Will it give place to flexure and low bending Shak.

2. A turn; a bend; a fold; a curve.
Varying with the flexures of the valley through which it meandered.
British Quart. Rev.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The last joint, or bend, of the wing of a bird.

4. (Astron.)

Defn: The small distortion of an astronomical instrument caused by
the weight of its parts; the amount to be added or substracted from
the observed readings of the instrument to correct them for this
distortion. The flexure of a curve (Math.), the bending of a curve
towards or from a straight line.

FLIBBERGIB
Flib"ber*gib, n.

Defn: A sycophant. [Obs. & Humorous.] "Flatterers and flibbergibs."
Latimer.

FLIBBERTIGIBBET
Flib"ber*ti*gib`bet, n.

Defn: An imp. Shak.

FLIBUSTIER
Fli`bus`tier", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A buccaneer; an American pirate. See Flibuster. [Obs.]

FLICK
Flick, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flicked; p. pr. & vb. n. Flicking.] Etym:
[Cf. Flicker.]

Defn: To whip lightly or with a quick jerk; to flap; as, to flick a
horse; to flick the dirt from boots. Thackeray.

FLICK
Flick, n.

Defn: A flitch; as, a flick of bacon.

FLICKER
Flick"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flickered; p. pr. & vb. n. Flickering.]
Etym: [OE. flikeren, flekeren, to flutter, AS. flicerian, flicorian,
cf. D. flikkeren to sparkle. Flacker.]

1. To flutter; to flap the wings without flying.
And flickering on her nest made short essays to sing. Dryden.

2. To waver unsteadily, like a flame in a current of air, or when
about to expire; as, the flickering light.
The shadows flicker to fro. Tennyson.

FLICKER
Flick"er, n.

1. The act of wavering or of fluttering; flucuation; sudden and brief
increase of brightness; as, the last flicker of the dying flame.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The golden-winged woodpecker (Colaptes aurutus); -- so called
from its spring note. Called also yellow-hammer, high-holder, pigeon
woodpecker, and yucca.
The cackle of the flicker among the oaks. Thoureau.

FLICKERINGLY
Flick"ering*ly, adv.

Defn: In a flickering manner.

FLICKERMOUSE
Flick"er*mouse`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Flittermouse.

FLIDGE
Flidge, a.

Defn: Fledged; fledge. [Obs.] Holland.

FLIDGE
Flidge, v. i.

Defn: To become fledged; to fledge. [Obs.]
Every day build their nests, every hour flidge. R. Greene.

FLIER
Fli"er, n. Etym: [Form Fly, v.; cf. Flyer]

1. One who flies or flees; a runaway; a fugitive. Shak.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A fly. See Fly, n., 9, and 13 (b).

3. (Spinning)

Defn: See Flyer, n., 5.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: See Flyer, n., 4.

FLIGHT
Flight, n. Etym: [AS. fliht, flyht, a flying, fr. fleógan to fly; cf.
flyht a fleeing, fr. fleón to flee, G. flucht a fleeing, Sw. flykt,
G. flug a flying, Sw. flygt, D. vlugt a fleeing or flying, Dan.
flugt. sq. root84. See Flee, Fly.]

1. The act or flying; a passing through the air by the help of wings;
volitation; mode or style of flying.
Like the night owl's lazy flight. Shak.

2. The act of fleeing; the act of running away, to escape or expected
evil; hasty departure.
Pray ye that your flight be not in the winter. Matt. xxiv. 20.
Fain by flight to save themselves. Shak.

3. Lofty elevation and excursion;a mounting; a soaas, a flight of
imagination, ambition, folly.
Could he have kept his spirit to that flight, He had been happy.
Byron.
His highest flights were indeed far below those of Taylor. Macaulay.

4. A number of beings or things passing through the air together;
especially, a flock of birds flying in company; the birds that fly or
migrate together; the birds produced in one season; as, a flight of
arrows. Swift.
Swift flights of angels ministrant. Milton.
Like a flight of fowl Scattered winds and tempestuous gusts. Shak.

5. A series of steps or stairs from one landing to another. Parker.

6. A kind of arrow for the longbow; also, the sport of shooting with
it. See Shaft. [Obs.]
Challenged Cupid at the flight. Shak.
Not a flight drawn home E'er made that haste that they have. Beau. &
Fl.

7. The husk or glume of oats. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. to take a
flight{9}. Flight feathers (Zoöl.), the wing feathers of a bird,
including the quills, coverts, and bastard wing. See Bird.
 -- To put to flight, To turn to flight, to compel to run away; to
force to flee; to rout.

Syn.
 -- Pair; set. See Pair.

FLIGHTED
Flight"ed, a.

1. Taking flight; flying; -- used in composition. "Drowsy-flighted
steeds." Milton.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Feathered; -- said of arrows.

FLIGHTER
Flight"er, n. (Brewing)

Defn: A horizontal vane revolving over the surface of wort in a
cooler, to produce a circular current in the liquor. Knight.

FLIGHTILY
Flight"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a flighty manner.

FLIGHTINESS
Flight"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being flighty.
The flightness of her temper. Hawthorne.

Syn.
 -- Levity; giddiness; volatility; lightness; wildness; eccentricity.
See Levity.

FLIGHT-SHOT
Flight"-shot`, n.

Defn: The distance to which an arrow or flight may be shot; bowshot,
-- about the fifth of a mile. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Within a flight-shot it inthe valley. Evelyn.
Half a flight-shot from the king's oak. Sir W. Scott.

FLIGHTY
Flight"y, a.

1. Fleeting; swift; transient.
The flighty purpose never is o'ertook, Unless the deed go with it.
Shak.

2. Indulging in flights, or wild and unrestrained sallies, of
imagination, humor, caprice, etc.; given to disorder
Proofs of my flighty and paradoxical turn of mind. Coleridge.
A harsh disciplinarian and a flighty enthusiast. J. S. Har

FLIMFLAM
Flim"flam, n. Etym: [Cf. Flam.]

Defn: A freak; a trick; a lie. Beau. & Fl.

FLIMSILY
Flim"si*ly, adv.

Defn: In a flimsy manner.

FLIMSINESS
Flim"si*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being flimsy.

FLIMSY
Flim"sy, a. [Compar. Flimsier; superl. Flimsiest.] Etym: [Cf. W.
llumsi naked, bare, empty, slouggish, spiritless. Cf. Limsy.]

Defn: Weak; feeble; limp; slight; vain; without strength or solidity;
of loose and unsubstantial structure; without reason or plausibility;
as, a flimsy argument, excuse, objection.
Proud of a vast extent of flimsy lines. Pope.
All the flimsy furniture of a country miss's brain. Sheridan.

Syn.
 -- Weak; feeble; superficial; shallow; vain.

FLIMSY
Flim"sy, n.

1. Thin or transfer paper.

2. A bank note. [Slang, Eng.]

FLINCH
Flinch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flinched; p. pr. & vb. n. Flinching.]
Etym: [Prob. fr. OE. flecchen to waver, give way, F. fléchir, fr. L.
flectere to bend; but prob. influenced by E. blench. Cf. Flex.]

1. To withdraw from any suffering or undertaking, from pain or
danger; to fail in doing or perserving; to show signs of yielding or
of suffering; to shrink; to wince; as, one of the parties flinched
from the combat.
A child, by a constant course of kindness, may be accustomed to bear
very rough usage without flinching or complaining. Locke.

2. (Croquet)

Defn: To let the foot slip from a ball, when attempting to give a
tight croquet.

FLINCH
Flinch, n.

Defn: The act of flinching.

FLINCHER
Flinch"er, n.

Defn: One who flinches or fails.

FLINCHINGLY
Flinch"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a flinching manner.

FLINDERMOUSE
Flin"der*mouse`, n.Etym: [OE. vlindre moth (cf. D. vlinder butterfly)
+ E. mouse. Cf. Flittermouse, Flinders.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bat; a flittermouse.

FLINDERS
Flin"ders, n. pl. Etym: [Scot. flenders, flendris; perh. akin to E.
flutter; cf. D. flenters rags, broken pieces.]

Defn: Small pieces or splinters; fragments.
The tough ash spear, so stout and true, Into a thousand flinders
flew. Sir W. Scott.

FLING
Fling, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flung; p. pr. & vb. n. Flinging.] Etym:
[OE. flingen, flengen, to rush, hurl; cf. Icel. flengia to whip, ride
furiously, OSw. flenga to strike, Sw. flänga to romp, Dan. flenge to
slash.]

1. To cast, send, to throw from the hand; to hurl; to dart; to emit
with violence as if thrown from the hand; as, to fing a stone into
the pond.
'T is Fate that flings the dice: and, as she flings, Of kings makes
peasants, and of peasants kings. Dryden.
He . . . like Jove, his lighting flung. Dryden.
I know thy generous temper well. Fling but the appearance of dishonor
on it, It straight takes fire. Addison.

2. To shed forth; to emit; to scatter.
The sun begins to fling His flaring beams. Milton.
Every beam new transient colors flings. Pope.

3. To throw; to hurl; to throw off or down; to prostrate; hence, to
baffle; to defeat; as, to fling a party in litigation.
His horse started, flung him, and fell upon him. Walpole.

To fling about, to throw on all sides; to scatter.
 -- To fling away, to reject; to discard.
Cromwell, I charge thee, fling away ambition. Shak.
--To fling down. (a) To throw to the ground; esp., to throw in
defiance, as formerly knights cast a glove into the arena as a
challenge.
This question so flung down before the guests, . . . Was handed over
by consent of all To me who had not spoken. Tennyson.
(b) To overturn; to demolish; to ruin.
 -- To fling in, to throw in; not to charge in an account; as, in
settling accounts, one party flings in a small sum, or a few days'
work.
 -- To fling off, to baffle in the chase; to defeat of prey; also, to
get rid of. Addison.
 -- To fling open, to throw open; to open suddenly or with violence;
as, to fling open a door.
 -- To fling out, to utter; to speak in an abrupt or harsh manner;
as, to fling out hard words against another.
 -- To fling up, to relinquish; to abandon; as, to fling up a design.

FLING
Fling, v. i.

1. To throw; to wince; to flounce; as, the horse began to kick and
fling.

2. To cast in the teeth; to utter abusive language; to sneer; as, the
scold began to flout and fling.

3. To throw one's self in a violent or hasty manner; to rush or
spring with violence or haste.
And crop-full, out of doors he flings. Milton.
I flung closer to his breast, As sword that, after battle, flings to
sheath. Mrs. Browning.
To fling out, to become ugly and intractable; to utter sneers and
insinuations.

FLING
Fling, n.

1. A cast from the hand; a throw; also, a flounce; a kick; as, the
fling of a horse.

2. A severe or contemptuous remark; an expression of sarcastic scorn;
a gibe; a sarcasm.
I, who love to have a fling, Both at senate house and king. Swift.

3. A kind of dance; as, the Highland fling.

4. A trifing matter; an object of contempt. [Obs.]
England were but a fling Save for the crooked stick and the gray
goose wing. Old Proverb.
To have one's fling, to enjoy one's self to the full; to have a
season of dissipation. J. H. Newman. "When I was as young as you, I
had my fling. I led a life of pleasure." D. Jerrold.

FLINGDUST
Fling"dust`, n.

Defn: One who kicks up the dust; a streetwalker; a low manner. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.

FLINGER
Fling"er, n.

Defn: One who flings; one who jeers.

FLINT
Flint, n. Etym: [AS. flint, akin to Sw. flinta, Dan. flint; cf. OHG.
flins flint, G. flinte gun (cf. E. flintlock), perh. akin to Gr.
Plinth.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A massive, somewhat impure variety of quartz, in color usually
of a gray to brown or nearly black, breaking with a conchoidal
fracture and sharp edge. It is very hard, and strikes fire with
steel.

2. A piece of flint for striking fire; -- formerly much used, esp. in
the hammers of gun locks.

3. Anything extremely hard, unimpressible, and unyielding, like
flint. "A heart of flint." Spenser. Flint age. (Geol.) Same as Stone
age, under Stone.
 -- Flint brick, a fire made principially of powdered silex.
 -- Flint glass. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Flint implements (Archæol.), tools, etc., employed by men before
the use of metals, such as axes, arrows, spears, knives, wedges,
etc., which were commonly made of flint, but also of granite, jade,
jasper, and other hard stones.
 -- Flint mill. (a) (Pottery) A mill in which flints are ground. (b)
(Mining) An obsolete appliance for lighting the miner at his work, in
which flints on a revolving wheel were made to produce a shower of
sparks, which gave light, but did not inflame the fire damp. Knight.
 -- Flint stone, a hard, siliceous stone; a flint.
 -- Flint wall, a kind of wall, common in England, on the face of
which are exposed the black surfaces of broken flints set in the
mortar, with quions of masonry.
 -- Liquor of flints, a solution of silica, or flints, in potash.
 -- To skin a flint, to be capable of, or guilty of, any expedient or
any meanness for making money. [Colloq.]

FLINT GLASS
Flint" glass`. (Chem.)

Defn: A soft, heavy, brilliant glass, consisting essentially of a
silicate of lead and potassium. It is used for tableware, and for
optical instruments, as prisms, its density giving a high degree of
dispersive power; -- so called, because formerly the silica was
obtained from pulverized flints. Called also crystal glass. Cf.
Glass.

Note: The concave or diverging half on an achromatic lens is usually
made of flint glass.

FLINT-HEARTED
Flint"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Hard-hearted. Shak.

FLINTINESS
Flint"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being flinty; hardness; cruelty. Beau.
& Fl.

FLINTLOCK
Flint"lock`, n.

1. A lock for a gun or pistol, having a flint fixed in the hammer,
which on stricking the steel ignites the priming.

2. A hand firearm fitted with a flintlock; esp., the old-fashioned
musket of European and other armies.

FLINTWARE
Flint"ware`, n.

Defn: A superior kind of earthenware into whose composition flint
enters largely. Knight.

FLINTWOOD
Flint"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An Australian name for the very hard wood of the Eucalyptus
piluralis.

FLINTY
Flint"y, a. [Compar. Flintier; superl. Flintiest.]

Defn: Consisting of, composed of, abounding in, or resembling, flint;
as, a flinty rock; flinty ground; a flinty heart. Flinty rockFlinty
state, a siliceous slate; -- basanite is here included. See Basanite.

FLIP
Flip, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. flip nimble, flippant, also, a slight
blow. Cf. Flippant.]

Defn: A mixture of beer, spirit, etc., stirred and heated by a hot
iron. Flip dog, an iron used, when heated, to warm flip.

FLIP
Flip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Flipping.]

Defn: To toss or fillip; as, to flip up a cent.
As when your little ones Do 'twixt their fingers flip their cherry
stones. W. Browne.

FLIPE
Flipe, v. t.

Defn: To turn inside out, or with the leg part back over the foot, as
a stocking in pulling off or for putting on. [Scot.]

FLIP-FLAP
Flip"-flap`, n. Etym: [See Flip, and Flap.]

Defn: The repeated stroke of something long and loose. Johnson.

FLIP-FLAP
Flip"-flap`, adv.

Defn: With repeated strokes and noise, as of something long and
loose. Ash.

FLIPPANCY
Flip"pan*cy, n.Etym: [See Flippant.]

Defn: The state or quality of being flippant.
This flippancy of language. Bp. Hurd.

FLIPPANT
Flip"pant, a. Etym: [Prov. E. flip to move nimbly; cf. W. llipa soft,
limber, pliant, or Icel. fleipa to babble, prattle. Cf. Flip, Fillip,
Flap, Flipper.]

1. Of smooth, fluent, and rapid speech; speaking with ease and
rapidity; having a voluble tongue; talkative.
It becometh good men, in such cases, to be flippant and free in their
speech. Barrow.

2. Speaking fluently and confidently, without knowledge or
consideration; empty; trifling; inconsederate; pert; petulant.
"Flippant epilogous." Thomson.
To put flippant scorn to the blush. I. Taylor.
A sort of flippant, vain discourse. Burke.

FLIPPANT
Flip"pant, n.

Defn: A flippant person. [R.] Tennyson.

FLIPPANTLY
Flip"pant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a flippant manner.

FLIPPANTNESS
Flip"pant*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being flippant.

FLIPPER
Flip"per, n. Etym: [Cf. Flip, Flippant.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A broad flat limb used for swimming, as those of seals, sea
turtles, whales, etc.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The hand. [Slang]

FLIRT
Flirt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flirted; p. pr. & vb. n. Flirting.] Etym:
[Cf. AS. fleard trifle, folly, fleardian to trifle.]

1. To throw with a jerk or quick effort; to fling suddenly; as, they
flirt water in each other's faces; he flirted a glove, or a
handkerchief.

2. To toss or throw about; to move playfully to and fro; as, to flirt
a fan.

3. To jeer at; to treat with contempt; to mock. [Obs.]
I am ashamed; I am scorned; I am flirted. Beau. & Fl.

FLIRT
Flirt, v. i.

1. To run and dart about; to act with giddiness, or from a desire to
attract notice; especially, to play the coquette; to play at
courtship; to coquet; as, they flirt with the young men.

2. To utter contemptious language, with an air of disdain; to jeer or
gibe. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

FLIRT
Flirt, n.

1. A sudden jerk; a quick throw or cast; a darting motion; hence, a
jeer.
Several little flirts and vibrations. Addison.
With many a flirt and flutter. E. A. Poe.

2. Etym: [Cf. LG. flirtje, G. flirtchen. See Flirt, v. t.]

Defn: One who flirts; esp., a woman who acts with giddiness, or plays
at courtship; a coquette; a pert girl.
Several young flirts about town had a design to cast us out of the
fashionable world. Addison.

FLIRT
Flirt, a.

Defn: Pert; wanton. [Obs.]

FLIRTATION
Flir*ta"tion, n.

1. Playing at courtship; coquerty.
The flirtations and jealousies of our ball rooms. Macaulay.

FLIRT-GILL
Flirt"-gill`, n.

Defn: A woman of light behavior; a gill-flirt. [Obs.] Shak.
You heard him take me up like a flirt-gill. Beau. & Fl.

FLIRTIGIG
Flirt"i*gig, n.

Defn: A wanton, pert girl. [Obs.]

FLIRTINGLY
Flirt"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a flirting manner.

FLISK
Flisk, v. i.

Defn: To frisk; to skip; to caper. [Obs. Scot.] "The flisking flies."
Gosson.

FLISK
Flisk, n.

Defn: A caper; a spring; a whim. [Scot.]

FLIT
Flit, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Flitting.] Etym:
[OE. flitten, flutten, to carry away; cf. Icel. flytja, Sw. flytta,
Dan. flytte. Fleet, v. i.]

1. To move with celerity through the air; to fly away with a rapid
motion; to dart along; to fleet; as, a bird flits away; a cloud flits
along.
A shadow flits before me. Tennyson.

2. To flutter; to rove on the wing. Dryden.

3. To pass rapidly, as a light substance, from one place to another;
to remove; to migrate.
It became a received opinion, that the souls of men, departing this
life, did flit out of one body into some other. Hooker.

4. To remove from one place or habitation to another. [Scot. & Prov.
Eng.] Wright. Jamieson.

5. To be unstable; to be easily or often moved.
And the free soul to flitting air resigned. Dryden.

FLIT
Flit, a.

Defn: Nimble; quick; swift. [Obs.] See Fleet.

FLITCH
Flitch, n.; pl. Flitches. Etym: [OE. flicche, flikke, AS. flicce,
akin to Icel. flikki; cf. Icel. flik flap, tatter; perh. akin to E.
fleck. Cf. Flick, n.]

1. The side of a hog salted and cured; a side of bacon. Swift.

2. One of several planks, smaller timbers, or iron plates, which are
secured together, side by side, to make a large girder or built beam.

3. The outside piece of a sawed log; a slab. [Eng.]

FLITE
Flite, v. i. Etym: [AS. flitan to strive, contend, quarrel; akin to
G. fleiss industry.]

Defn: To scold; to quarrel. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

FLITE; FLYTE
Flite, Flyte, n. [AS. flit. See Flite.]

Defn: Strife; dispute; abusive or upbraiding talk, as in fliting;
wrangling. [Obs. or Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

The bird of Pallas has also a good "flyte" on the moral side . . . in
his suggestion that the principal effect of the nightingale's song is
to make women false to their husbands.
Saintsbury.

FLITTER
Flit"ter, v. i.

Defn: To flutter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FLITTER
Flit"ter, v. t.

Defn: To flutter; to move quickly; as, to flitter the cards. [R.]
Lowell.

FLITTER
Flit"ter, n. Etym: [Cf. G. flitter spangle, tinsel, flittern to make
a tremulous motion, to glitter. Cf. Flitter, v. i.]

Defn: A rag; a tatter; a small piece or fragment.

FLITTERMOUSE
Flit"ter*mouse`, n. Etym: [Flitter, v.i. + mouse; cf. G. fledermaus,
OHG. fledarm. Cf. Flickermouse, Flindermouse.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bat; -- called also flickermouse, flindermouse, and
flintymouse.

FLITTERN
Flit"tern, a.

Defn: A term applied to the bark obtained from young oak trees.
McElrath.

FLITTINESS
Flit"ti*ness, n. Etym: [From Flitty.]

Defn: Unsteadiness; levity; lightness. [Obs.] Bp. Hopkins.

FLITTING
Flit"ting, n.

1. A flying with lightness and celerity; a fluttering.

2. A removal from one habitation to another. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
A neighbor had lent his cart for the flitting, and it was now
standing loaded at the door, ready to move away. Jeffrey.

FLITTING; FLYTTING
Flitt"ing, Flytt"ing, n.

Defn: Contention; strife; scolding; specif., a kind of metrical
contest between two persons, popular in Scotland in the 16th century.
[Obs. or Scot.]

These "flytings" consisted of alternate torrents of sheer
Billingsgate poured upon each other by the combatants.
Saintsbury.

FLITTINGLY
Flit"ting*ly, adv.

Defn: In a flitting manner.

FLITTY
Flit"ty, a. Etym: [From Flit.]

Defn: Unstable; fluttering. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

FLIX
Flix, n. Etym: [Cf. Flax.]

Defn: Down; fur. [Obs. or Eng.] J. Dyer.

FLIX
Flix, n.

Defn: The flux; dysentery. [Obs.] Udall. Flix weed (Bot.), the
Sisymbrium Sophia, a kind of hedge mustard, formerly used as a remedy
for dysentery.

FLO
Flo, n.; pl. Flon. Etym: [AS. fla, flan.]

Defn: An arrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FLOAT
Float, n.Etym: [OE. flote ship, boat, fleet, AS. flota ship, fr.
fleótan to float; akin to D. vloot fleet, G. floss raft, Icel. floti
float, raft, fleet, Sw. flotta. sq. root 84. See Fleet, v. i., and
cf. Flotilla, Flotsam, Plover.]

1. Anything which floats or rests on the surface of a fluid, as to
sustain weight, or to indicate the height of the surface, or mark the
place of, something. Specifically:
(a) A mass of timber or boards fastened together, and conveyed down a
stream by the current; a raft.
(b) The hollow, metallic ball of a self-acting faucet, which floats
upon the water in a cistern or boiler.
(c) The cork or quill used in angling, to support the bait line, and
indicate the bite of a fish.
(d) Anything used to buoy up whatever is liable to sink; an inflated
bag or pillow used by persons learning to swim; a life preserver.
This reform bill . . . had been used as a float by the conservative
ministry. J. P. Peters.

2. A float board. See Float board (below).

3. (Tempering)

Defn: A contrivance for affording a copious stream of water to the
heated surface of an object of large bulk, as an anvil or die.
Knight.

4. The act of flowing; flux; flow. [Obs.] Bacon.

5. A quantity of earth, eighteen feet square and one foot deep.
[Obs.] Mortimer.

6. (Plastering)

Defn: The trowel or tool with which the floated coat of plastering is
leveled and smoothed.

7. A polishing block used in marble working; a runner. Knight.

8. A single-cut file for smoothing; a tool used by shoemakers for
rasping off pegs inside a shoe.

9. A coal cart. [Eng.] Simmonds.

10. The sea; a wave. See Flote, n. Float board, one of the boards
fixed radially to the rim of an undershot water wheel or of a
steamer's paddle wheel; -- a vane.
 -- Float case (Naut.), a caisson used for lifting a ship.
 -- Float copper or gold (Mining), fine particles of metallic copper
or of gold suspended in water, and thus liable to be lost.
 -- Float ore, water-worn particles of ore; fragments of vein
material found on the surface, away from the vein outcrop. Raymond.
 -- Float stone (Arch.), a siliceous stone used to rub stonework or
brickwork to a smooth surface.
 -- Float valve, a valve or cock acted upon by a float. See Float, 1
(b).

FLOAT
Float, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Floated; p. pr. & vb. n. Floating.] Etym:
[OE. flotien, flotten, AS. flotian to float, swim, fr. fleótan. See
Float, n.]

1. To rest on the surface of any fluid; to swim; to be buoyed up.
The ark no more now floats, but seems on ground. Milton.
Three blustering nights, borne by the southern blast, I floated.
Dryden.

2. To move quietly or gently on the water, as a raft; to drift along;
to move or glide without effort or impulse on the surface of a fluid,
or through the air.
They stretch their broad plumes and float upon the wind. Pope.
There seems a floating whisper on the hills. Byron.

FLOAT
Float, v. t.

1. To cause to float; to cause to rest or move on the surface of a
fluid; as, the tide floated the ship into the harbor.
Had floated that bell on the Inchcape rock. Southey.

2. To flood; to overflow; to cover with water.
Proud Pactolus floats the fruitful lands. Dryden.

3. (Plastering)

Defn: To pass over and level the surface of with a float while the
plastering is kept wet.

4. To support and sustain the credit of, as a commercial scheme or a
joint-stock company, so as to enable

FLOATABLE
Float"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be floated.

FLOATAGE
Float"age (; 48), n.

Defn: Same as Flotage.

FLOATATION
Float*a"tion, n.

Defn: See Flotation.

FLOATER
Float"er, n.

1. One who floats or swims.

2. A float for indicating the height of a liquid surface.

FLOATING
Float"ing, a.

1. Buoyed upon or in a fluid; a, the floating timbers of a wreck;
floating motes in the air.

2. Free or lose from the usual attachment; as, the floating ribs in
man and some other animals.

3. Not funded; not fixed, invested, or determined; as, floating
capital; a floating debt.
Trade was at an end. Floating capital had been withdrawn in great
masses from the island. Macaulay.
Floating anchor (Naut.), a drag or sea anchor; drag sail.
 -- Floating battery (Mil.), a battery erected on rafts or the hulls
of ships, chiefly for the defense of a coast or the bombardment of a
place.
 -- Floating bridge. (a) A bridge consisting of rafts or timber, with
a floor of plank, supported wholly by the water; a bateau bridge. See
Bateau. (b) (Mil.) A kind of double bridge, the upper one projecting
beyond the lower one, and capable of being moved forward by pulleys;
-- used for carrying troops over narrow moats in attacking the
outworks of a fort. (c) A kind of ferryboat which is guided and
impelled by means of chains which are anchored on each side of a
stream, and pass over wheels on the vessel, the wheels being driven
by stream power. (d) The landing platform of a ferry dock.
 -- Floating cartilage (Med.), a cartilage which moves freely in the
cavity of a joint, and often interferes with the functions of the
latter.
 -- Floating dam. (a) An anchored dam. (b) A caisson used as a gate
for a dry dock.
 -- Floating derrick, a derrick on a float for river and harbor use,
in raising vessels, moving stone for harbor improvements, etc.
 -- Floating dock. (Naut.) See under Dock.
 -- Floating harbor, a breakwater of cages or booms, anchored and
fastened together, and used as a protection to ships riding at anchor
to leeward. Knight.
 -- Floating heart (Bot.), a small aquatic plant (Limnanthemum
lacunosum) whose heart-shaped leaves float on the water of American
ponds.
 -- Floating island, a dish for dessert, consisting of custard with
floating masses of whipped cream or white of eggs.
 -- Floating kidney. (Med.) See Wandering kidney, under Wandering.
 -- Floating light, a light shown at the masthead of a vessel moored
over sunken rocks, shoals, etc., to warn mariners of danger; a light-
ship; also, a light erected on a buoy or floating stage.
 -- Floating liver. (Med.) See Wandering liver, under Wandering.
 -- Floating pier, a landing stage or pier which rises and falls with
the tide.
 -- Floating ribs (Anat.), the lower or posterior ribs which are not
connected with the others in front; in man they are the last two
pairs.
 -- Floating screed (Plastering), a strip of plastering first laid
on, to serve as a guide for the thickness of the coat.
 -- Floating threads (Weaving), threads which span several other
threads without being interwoven with them, in a woven fabric.

FLOATING
Float"ing, n.

1. (Weaving)

Defn: Floating threads. See Floating threads, above.

2. The second coat of three-coat plastering. Knight.

FLOATING CHARGE; FLOATING LIEN
Floating charge, lien, etc. (Law)

Defn: A charge, lien, etc., that successively attaches to such assets
as a person may have from time to time, leaving him more or less free
to dispose of or encumber them as if no such charge or lien existed.

FLOATINGLY
Float"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a floating manner.

FLOATY
Float"y, a.

Defn: Swimming on the surface; buoyant; light. Sir W. Raleigh.

FLOBERT
Flo"bert, n. (Gun.)

Defn: A small cartridge designed for target shooting; -- sometimes
called ball cap. Flobert rifle, a rifle adapted to the use of
floberts.

FLOCCILLATION
Floc`cil*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. floccus a flock of wool. Cf. Flock of
wool.] (Med.)

Defn: A delirious picking of bedclothes by a sick person, as if to
pick off flocks of wool; carphology; -- an alarming symptom in acute
diseases. Dunglison.

FLOCCOSE
Floccose", a. Etym: [L. floccosus. Cf. 2d Flock, n.]

1. Spotted with small tufts like wool. Wright.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having tufts of soft hairs, which are often deciduous.

FLOCCULAR
Floc"cu*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the flocculus.

FLOCCULATE
Floc"cu*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flocculated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Flocculating.] (Geol.)

Defn: To aggregate into small lumps.

FLOCCULATE
Floc"cu*late, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Furnished with tufts of curly hairs, as some insects.

FLOCCULATION
Floc`cu*la"tion, n. (Geol.)

Defn: The process by which small particles of fine soils and
sediments aggregate into larger lumps.

FLOCCULE
Floc"cule, n. [See Flocculus.]

1. A detached mass of loosely fibrous structure like a shredded tuft
of wool.

2. (Chem.) Specif.: A small particle of an insoluble substance formed
in a liquid by the union of smaller particles.

FLOCCULENCE
Floc"cu*lence, n.

Defn: The state of being flocculent.

FLOCCULENT
Floc"cu*lent, a. Etym: [See Flock of wool.]

1. Clothed with small flocks or flakes; woolly. Gray.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Applied to the down of newly hatched or unfledged birds.

FLOCCULUS
Floc"cu*lus, n.; pl. Flocculi. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. floccus a lock
or flock of wool.] (Anat.)

Defn: A small lobe in the under surface of the cerebellum, near the
middle peduncle; the subpeduncular lobe.

FLOCCUS
Floc"cus, n.; pl. Flocci. Etym: [L., a flock of wool.]

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) The tuft of hair terminating the tail of mammals.
(b) A tuft of feathers on the head of young birds.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A woolly filament sometimes occuring with the sporules of
certain fungi.

FLOCK
Flock, n. Etym: [AS. flocc flock, company; akin to Icel. flokkr
crowd, Sw. flock, Dan. flok; prob. orig. used of flows, and akin to
E. fly. See Fly.]

1. A company or collection of living creatures; -- especially applied
to sheep and birds, rarely to persons or (except in the plural) to
cattle and other large animals; as, a flock of ravenous fowl. Milton.
The heathen . . . came to Nicanor by flocks. 2 Macc. xiv. 14.

2. A Christian church or congregation; considered in their relation
to the pastor, or minister in charge.
As half amazed, half frighted all his flock. Tennyson.

FLOCK
Flock, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flocked; p. pr. & vb. n. Flocking.]

Defn: To gather in companies or crowds.
Friends daily flock. Dryden.
Flocking fowl (Zoöl.), the greater scaup duck.

FLOCK
Flock, v. t.

Defn: To flock to; to crowd. [Obs.]
Good fellows, trooping, flocked me so. Taylor (1609).

FLOCK
Flock, n. Etym: [OE. flokke; cf. D. vlok, G. flocke, OHG. floccho,
Icel. fl, perh. akin to E. flicker, flacker, or cf. L. floccus, F.
floc.]

1. A lock of wool or hair.
I prythee, Tom, beat Cut's saddle, put a few flocks in the point
[pommel]. Shak.

2. Woolen or cotton refuse (sing. or pl.), old rags, etc., reduced to
a degree of fineness by machinery, and used for stuffing unpholstered
furniture.

3. Very fine, sifted, woolen refuse, especially that from shearing
the nap of cloths, used as a coating for wall paper to give it a
velvety or clothlike appearance; also, the dust of vegetable fiber
used for a similar purpose. Flock bed, a bed filled with flocks or
locks of coarse wool, or pieces of cloth cut up fine. "Once a flock
bed, but repaired with straw." Pope.
 -- Flock paper, paper coated with flock fixed with glue or size.

FLOCK
Flock, v. t.

Defn: To coat with flock, as wall paper; to roughen the surface of
(as glass) so as to give an appearance of being covered with fine
flock.

FLOCKLING
Flock"ling, n.

Defn: A lamb. [Obs.] Brome (1659).

FLOCKLY
Flock"ly, adv.

Defn: In flocks; in crowds. [Obs.]

FLOCKMEL
Flock"mel, adv. Etym: [AS. flocm. See Meal part.]

Defn: In a flock; in a body. [Obs.]
That flockmel on a day they to him went. Chaucer.

FLOCKY
Flock"y, a.

Defn: Abounding with flocks; floccose.

FLOE
Floe, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. flag af iis, iisflage, Sw. flaga, flake,
isflaga, isflake. See Flag a flat stone.]

Defn: A low, flat mass of floating ice. Floe rat (Zoöl.), a seal
(Phoca foetida).

FLOG
Flog, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flogged; p. pr. & vb. n. Flogging.] Etym:
[Cf. Scot. fleg blow, stroke, kick, AS. flocan to strike, or perh.
fr. L. flagellare to whip. Cf. Flagellate.]

Defn: To beat or strike with a rod or whip; to whip; to lash; to
chastise with repeated blows.

FLOGGER
Flog"ger, n.

1. One who flogs.

2. A kind of mallet for beating the bung stave of a cask to start the
bung. Knight.

FLOGGING
Flog"ging, a. & n.

Defn: from Flog, v. t. Flogging chisel (Mach.), a large cold chisel,
used in chipping castings.
 -- Flogging hammer, a small sledge hammer used for striking a
flogging chisel.

FLON
Flon, n. pl.

Defn: See Flo. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FLONG
Flong ( or ), obs.

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Fling.

FLOOD
Flood, n. Etym: [OE. flod a flowing, stream, flood, AS. flod; akin to
D. vloed, OS. flod, OHG. fluot, G. flut, Icel. floedh, Sw. & Dan.
flod, Goth. flodus; from the root of E. flow. sq. root80. See Flow,
v. i.]

1. A great flow of water; a body of moving water; the flowing stream,
as of a river; especially, a body of water, rising, swelling, and
overflowing land not usually thus covered; a deluge; a freshet; an
inundation.
A covenant never to destroy The earth again by flood. Milton.

2. The flowing in of the tide; the semidiurnal swell or rise of water
in the ocean; -- opposed to ebb; as, young flood; high flood.
There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the flood,
leads on to fortune. Shak.

3. A great flow or stream of any fluid substance; as, a flood of
light; a flood of lava; hence, a great quantity widely diffused; an
overflowing; a superabundance; as, a flood of bank notes; a flood of
paper currency.

4. Menstrual disharge; menses. Harvey. Flood anchor (Naut.) , the
anchor by which a ship is held while the tide is rising.
 -- Flood fence, a fence so secured that it will not be swept away by
a flood.
 -- Flood gate, a gate for shutting out, admitting, or releasing, a
body of water; a tide gate.
 -- Flood mark, the mark or line to which the tide, or a flood,
rises; high-water mark.
 -- Flood tide, the rising tide; -- opposed to ebb tide.
 -- The Flood, the deluge in the days of Noah.

FLOOD
Flood, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flooded; p. pr. & vb. n. Flooding.]

1. To overflow; to inundate; to deluge; as, the swollen river flooded
the valley.

2. To cause or permit to be inundated; to fill or cover with water or
other fluid; as, to flood arable land for irrigation; to fill to
excess or to its full capacity; as, to flood a country with a
depreciated currency.

FLOODAGE
Flood"age (; 48), n.

Defn: Inundation. [R.] Carlyle.

FLOODER
Flood"er, n.

Defn: One who floods anything.

FLOODING
Flood"ing, n.

Defn: The filling or covering with water or other fluid; overflow;
inundation; the filling anything to excess.

2. (Med.)

Defn: An abnormal or excessive discharge of blood from the uterus.
Dunglison.

FLOOK
Flook, n.

Defn: A fluke of an anchor.

FLOOKAN; FLUKAN
Flook"an, Flu"kan, n. (Mining)

Defn: See Flucan.

FLOOKY
Flook"y, a.

Defn: Fluky.

FLOOR
Floor, n. Etym: [AS. fl; akin to D. vloer, G. flur field, floor,
entrance hall, Icel. fl floor of a cow stall, cf. Ir. & Gael. lar
floor, ground, earth, W. llawr, perh. akin to L. planus level. Cf.
Plain smooth.]

1. The bottom or lower part of any room; the part upon which we stand
and upon which the movables in the room are supported.

2. The structure formed of beams, girders, etc., with proper
covering, which divides a building horizontally into stories. Floor
in sense 1 is, then, the upper surface of floor in sense 2.

3. The surface, or the platform, of a structure on which we walk or
travel; as, the floor of a bridge.

4. A story of a building. See Story.

5. (Legislative Assemblies)
(a) The part of the house assigned to the members.
(b) The right to speak. [U.S.]

Note: Instead of he has the floor, the English say, he is in
possession of the house.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: That part of the bottom of a vessel on each side of the keelson
which is most nearly horizontal.

7. (Mining)
(a) The rock underlying a stratified or nearly horizontal deposit.
(b) A horizontal, flat ore body. Raymond. Floor cloth, a heavy
fabric, painted, varnished, or saturated, with waterproof material,
for covering floors; oilcloth.
 -- Floor cramp, an implement for tightening the seams of floor
boards before nailing them in position.
 -- Floor light, a frame with glass panes in a floor.
 -- Floor plan. (a) (Shipbuilding) A longitudinal section, showing a
ship as divided at the water line. (b) (Arch.) A horizontal section,
showing the thickness of the walls and partitions, arrangement of
passages, apartments, and openings at the level of any floor of a
house.

FLOOR
Floor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Floored; p. pr. & vb. n. Flooring.]

1. To cover with a floor; to furnish with a floor; as, to floor a
house with pine boards.

2. To strike down or lay level with the floor; to knock down; hence,
to silence by a conclusive answer or retort; as, to floor an
opponent.
Floored or crushed by him. Coleridge.

3. To finish or make an end of; as, to floor a college examination.
[Colloq.]
I've floored my little-go work. T. Hughes.

FLOORAGE
Floor"age (; 48), n.

Defn: Floor space.

FLOORER
Floor"er, n.

Defn: Anything that floors or upsets a person, as a blow that knocks
him down; a conclusive answer or retort; a task that exceeds one's
abilities. [Colloq.]

FLOORHEADS
Floor"heads`, n. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: The upper extermities of the floor of a vessel.

FLOORING
Floor"ing, n.

Defn: A platform; the bottom of a room; a floor; pavement. See Floor,
n. Addison.

2. Material for the construction of a floor or floors.

FLOORLESS
Floor"less, a.

Defn: Having no floor.

FLOORWALKER
Floor"walk`er, n.

Defn: One who walks about in a large retail store as an overseer and
director. [U.S.]

FLOP
Flop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flopped; p. pr. & vb. n. Flopping.] Etym:
[A variant of flap.]

1. To clap or strike, as a bird its wings, a fish its tail, etc.; to
flap.

2. To turn suddenly, as something broad and flat. [Colloq.] Fielding.

FLOP
Flop, v. i.

1. To strike about with something broad abd flat, as a fish with its
tail, or a bird with its wings; to rise and fall; as, the brim of a
hat flops.

2. To fall, sink, or throw one's self, heavily, clumsily, and
unexpectedly on the ground. [Colloq.] Dickens.

FLOP
Flop, n.

Defn: Act of flopping. [Colloq.] W. H. Russell.

FLOPPY
Flop"py, n.

Defn: Having a tendency to flop or flap; as, a floppy hat brim. G.
Eliot.

FLOPWING
Flop"wing`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lapwing.

FLORA
Flo"ra, n. Etym: [L., the goddess of flowers, from flos, floris,
flower. See Flower.]

1. (Rom. Myth.)

Defn: The goddess of flowers and spring.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The complete system of vegetable species growing without
cultivation in a given locality, region, or period; a list or
description of, or treatise on, such plants.

FLORAL
Flo"ral, a. Etym: [L. Floralis belonging to Flora: cf. F. floral. See
Flora.]

1. Pertaining to Flora, or to flowers; made of flowers; as, floral
games, wreaths.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Containing, or belonging to, a flower; as, a floral bud; a
floral leaf; floral characters. Martyn. Floral envelope (Bot.), the
calyx and corolla, one or the other of which (mostly the corolla) may
be wanting.

FLORALLY
Flo"ral*ly, adv.

Defn: In a floral manner.

FLORAMOUR
Flo"ra*mour, n.Etym: [L. flos, floris, flower + amorlove.]

Defn: The plant love-lies-bleeding. [Obs.] Prior.

FLORAN
Flo"ran, n. (Mining)

Defn: Tin ore scarcely perceptible in the stone; tin ore stamped very
fine. Pryce.

FLOREAL
Flo`réal", n. Etym: [F. floréal, fr. L. flos, floris, flower.]

Defn: The eight month of the French republican calendar. It began
April 20, and ended May 19. See Vendémiare.

FLOREN
Flor"en, n. Etym: [LL. florenus. See Florin.]

Defn: A cerain gold coin; a Florence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FLORENCE
Flor"ence, n. Etym: [From the city of Florence: cf. F. florence a
kind of cloth, OF. florin.]

1. An ancient gold coin of the time of Edward III., of six shillings
sterling value. Camden.

2. A kind of cloth. Johnson. Florence flask. See under Flask.
 -- Florence oil, olive oil prepared in Florence.

FLORENTINE
Flor"en*tine ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [L. Florentinus, fr. Florentia
Florence: cf. F. florentin.]

Defn: Belonging or relating to Florence, in Italy. Florentine mosaic,
a mosaic of hard or semiprecious stones, often so chosen and arranged
that their natural colors represent leaves, flowers, and the like,
inlaid in a background, usually of black or white marble.

FLORENTINE
Flor"en*tine, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Florence, a city in Italy.

2. A kind of silk. Knight.

3. A kind of pudding or tart; a kind of meat pie. [Obs.]
Stealing custards, tarts, and florentines. Beau. & Fl.

FLORESCENCE
Flo*res"cence, n. Etym: [See Florescent.] (Bot.)

Defn: A bursting into flower; a blossoming. Martyn.

FLORESCENT
Flo*res"cent, a. Etym: [L. florescens, p.pr. of florescere begin to
blossom, incho. fr. florere to blossom, fr. flos, floris, flower. See
Flower.]

Defn: Expanding into flowers; blossoming.

FLORET
Flo"ret, n. Etym: [OF. florete, F. fleurette, dim. of OF. lor, F.
fleur. See Flower, and cf. Floweret, 3d Ferret.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A little flower; one of the numerous little flowers which
compose the head or anthodium in such flowers as the daisy, thistle,
and dandelion. Gray.

2. Etym: [F. fleuret.]

Defn: A foil; a blunt sword used in fencing. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

FLORIAGE
Flo"ri*age, n. Etym: [L. flos, flori, flower.]

Defn: Bloom; blossom. [Obs.] J. Scott.

FLORIATED
Flo"ri*a`ted, a. (Arch.)

Defn: Having floral ornaments; as, floriated capitals of Gothic
pillars.

FLORIATION
Flo`ri*a"tion, n.

1. Ornamentation by means of flower forms, whether closely imitated
or conventionalized.

2. Any floral ornament or decoration. Rock.

FLORICOMOUS
Flo*ric"o*mous, a. Etym: [L. flos, floris, flower + coma hair.]

Defn: Having the head adorned with flowers. [R.]

FLORICULTURAL
Flo`ri*cul"tur*al ( or ; 135), a.

Defn: Pertaining to the cultivation of flowering plants.

FLORICULTURE
Flo"ri*cul`ture ( or ; 135, 277), n. Etym: [L. flos, floris, flower +
cultura culture.]

Defn: The cultivation of flowering plants.

FLORICULTURIST
Flo`ri*cul"tur*ist, n.

Defn: One skilled in the cultivation of flowers; a florist.

FLORID
Flor"id, a. Etym: [L. floridus, fr. flos, floris, flower. See
Flower.]

1. Covered with flowers; abounding in flowers; flowery. [R.]
Fruit from a pleasant and florid tree. Jer. Taylor.

2. Bright in color; flushed with red; of a lively reddish color; as,
a florid countenance.

3. Embellished with flowers of rhetoric; enriched to excess with
figures; excessively ornate; as, a florid style; florid eloquence.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: Flowery; ornamental; running in rapid melodic figures,
divisions, or passages, as in variations; full of fioriture or little
ornamentations.

FLORIDA BEAN
Flor"i*da bean". (Bot.)
(a) The large, roundish, flattened seed of Mucuna urens. See under
Bean.
(b) One of the very large seeds of the Entada scandens.

FLORIDEAE
Flo*rid"e*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. flos, floris, a flower.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A subclass of algæ including all the red or purplish seaweeds;
the Rhodospermeæ of many authors; -- so called from the rosy or
florid color of most of the species.

FLORIDITY
Flo*rid"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being florid; floridness. Floyer.

FLORIDLY
Flor"id*ly, adv.

Defn: In a florid manner.

FLORIDNESS
Flor"id*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being florid. Boyle.

FLORIFEROUS
Flo*rif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. florifer; flos, floris, flower + ferre
to bear; cf. F. florifère.]

Defn: Producing flowers. Blount.

FLORIFICATION
Flo`ri*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. flos, floris, flower + facere to
make.]

Defn: The act, process, or time of flowering; florescence.

FLORIFORM
Flo"ri*form ( or ), a. Etym: [L. flos, floris, flower + -form: cf. F.
floriforme.]

Defn: Having the form of a flower; flower-shaped.

FLORIKEN
Flo"ri*ken, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Indian bustard (Otis aurita). The Bengal floriken is
Sypheotides Bengalensis. [Written also florikan, floriken, florican.]

FLORILEGE
Flo"ri*lege, n. Etym: [L. florilegus flower-culling; flos, floris,
flower + legere to gather: cf. F. florilège.]

Defn: The act of gathering flowers.

FLORIMER
Flo"ri*mer, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Floramour. [Obs.]

FLORIN
Flor"in, n. Etym: [F. florin, It. florino, orig., a Florentine coin,
with a lily on it, fr. flore a flower, fr. L. flos. See Flower, and
cf. Floren.]

Defn: A silver coin of Florence, first struck in the twelfth century,
and noted for its beauty. The name is given to different coins in
different countries. The florin of England, first minted in 1849, is
worth two shillings, or about 48 cents; the florin of the
Netherlands, about 40 cents; of Austria, about 36 cents.

FLORIST
Flo"rist ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [Cf. F. fleuriste, floriste, fr. F.
fleur flower. See Flower.]

1. A cultivator of, or dealer in, flowers.

2. One who writes a flora, or an account of plants.

FLOROON
Flo*roon", n. Etym: [F. fleuron. See Flower.]

Defn: A border worked with flowers. Wright.

FLORULENT
Flor"u*lent, a. Etym: [L. florulentus, fr. flos, floris, flower.]

Defn: Flowery; blossoming. [Obs.] Blount.

FLOSCULAR
Flos"cu*lar, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Flosculous.

FLOSCULARIAN
Flos`cu*la"ri*an, n. Etym: [From L. flosculus a floweret.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of stalked rotifers, having ciliated tentacles
around the lobed disk.

FLOSCULE
Flos*cule, n. Etym: [L. flosculus, dim. of flos flower: cf. F.
floscule.] (Bot.)

Defn: A floret.

FLOSCULOUS
Flos"cu*lous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Consisting of many gamopetalous florets.

FLOS-FERRI
Flos`-fer"ri, n.Etym: [L., flower of iron.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of aragonite, occuring in delicate white coralloidal
forms; -- common in beds of iron ore.

FLOSH
Flosh, n. Etym: [Cf. G. flösse a trough in which tin ore is washed.]
(Metallurgy)

Defn: A hopper-shaped box or Knight.

FLOSS
Floss (; 195), n. Etym: [It. floscio flabby, soft, fr. L. fluxus
flowing, loose, slack. See Flux, n.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The slender styles of the pistillate flowers of maize; also
called silk.

2. Untwisted filaments of silk, used in embroidering. Floss silk,
silk that has been twisted, and which retains its loose and downy
character. It is much used in embroidery. Called also floxed silk.
 -- Floss thread, a kind of soft flaxen yarn or thread, used for
embroidery; -- called also linen floss, and floss yarn. McElrath.

FLOSS
Floss, n. Etym: [Cf. G. floss a float.]

1. A small stream of water. [Eng.]

2. Fluid glass floating on iron in the puddling furnace, produced by
the vitrification of oxides and earths which are present. Floss hole.
(a) A hole at the back of a puddling furnace, at which the slags pass
out. (b) The tap hole of a melting furnace. Knight.

FLOSSIFICATION
Flos`si*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. Florification.]

Defn: A flowering; florification. [R.] Craig.

FLOSSY
Floss"y, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, made of, or resembling, floss; hence, light;
downy.

FLOTA
Flo"ta, n. Etym: [Sp. See Flotilla.]

Defn: A fleet; especially, a

FLOTAGE
Flo"tage, n. Etym: [OF. flotage, F. flottage, fr. flotter to float.]

1. The state of floating.

2. That which floats on the sea or in rivers. [Written also
floatage.]

FLOTANT
Flo"tant, a. Etym: [OF. flotant, F. flottant, p.pr. of flotter to
float.] (Her.)

Defn: Represented as flying or streaming in the air; as, a banner
flotant.

FLOTATION
Flo*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. flottation a floating, flottaison water
line, fr. flotter to float. See Flotilla.]

1. The act, process, or state of floating.

2. The science of floating bodies. Center of flotation.
(Shipbuilding) (a) The center of any given plane of flotation. (b)
More commonly, the middle of the length of the load water line.
Rankine.
 -- Plane, or Line, of flotation, the plane or line in which the
horizontal surface of a fluid cuts a body floating in it. See
Bearing, n., 9 (c).
 -- Surface of flotation (Shipbuilding), the imaginary surface which
all the planes of flotation touch when a vessel rolls or pitches; the
envelope of all such planes.

FLOTATION PROCESS
Flotation process.

Defn: A process of separating the substances contained in pulverized
ore or the like by depositing the mixture on the  surface of a
flowing liquid, the substances that are quickly wet readily
overcoming the surface tension of the liquid and sinking, the others
flowing off in a film or slime on the surface, though, perhaps,
having a greater specific gravity than those that sink.

FLOTE
Flote, v. t.

Defn: To fleet; to skim. [Obs.] Tusser.

FLOTE
Flote, n. Etym: [Cf. F. flot, L. fluctus; also cf. Float, n.]

Defn: A wave. [Obs.] "The Mediterranean flote." Shak.

FLOTERY
Flot"er*y, a.

Defn: Wavy; flowing. [Obs.]
With flotery beard. Chaucer.

FLOTILLA
Flo*til"la, n. Etym: [Sp. flotilla, dim. of flota fleet; akin to F.
flotte, It. flotta, and F. flot wave, fr. L. fluctus, but prob.
influenced by words akin to E. float. See Fluctuate, and cf. Float,
n.]

Defn: A little fleet, or a fleet of small vessels.

FLOTSAM; FLOTSON
Flot"sam, Flot"son, n. Etym: [F. flotter to float. See FFlotilla, and
cf. Jetsam.] (Law)

Defn: Goods lost by shipwreck, and floating on the sea; -- in
distinction from jetsam or jetson. Blackstone.

FLOTTEN
Flot"ten, p. p. of Flote, v. t.

Defn: Skimmed. [Obs.]

FLOUNCE
Flounce, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flounced (flounst); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flouncing.] Etym: [Cf. OSw. flunsa to immerge.]

Defn: To throw the limbs and body one way and the other; to spring,
turn, or twist with sudden effort or violence; to struggle, as a
horse in mire; to flounder; to throw one's self with a jerk or spasm,
often as in displeasure.
To flutter and flounce will do nothing but batter and bruise us.
Barrow.
With his broad fins and forky tail he laves The rising sirge, and
flounces in the waves. Addison.

FLOUNCE
Flounce, n.

Defn: The act of floucing; a sudden, jerking motion of the body.

FLOUNCE
Flounce, n. Etym: [Cf. G. flaus, flausch, a tuft of wool or hair;
akin to vliess, E. fleece; or perh. corrupted fr. rounce.]

Defn: An ornamental appendage to the skirt of a woman's dress,
consisting of a strip gathered and sewed on by its upper edge around
the skirt, and left hanging.

FLOUNCE
Flounce, v. t.

Defn: To deck with a flounce or flounces; as, to flounce a petticoat
or a frock.

FLOUNDER
Floun"der, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. flundra; akin to Dan. flynder, Icel.
fly, G. flunder, and perh. to E. flounder, v.i.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flatfish of the family Pleuronectidæ, of many species.

Note: The common English flounder is Pleuronectes flesus. There are
several common American species used as food; as the smooth flounder
(P. glabra); the rough or winter flounder (P. Americanus); the summer
flounder, or plaice (Paralichthys dentatus), Atlantic coast; and the
starry flounder (Pleuronectes stellatus).

2. (Bootmaking)

Defn: A tool used in crimping boot fronts.

FLOUNDER
Floun"der, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Floundered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Floundering.] Etym: [Cf. D. flodderen to flap, splash through mire,
E. flounce, v.i., and flounder the fish.]

Defn: To fling the limbs and body, as in making efforts to move; to
struggle, as a horse in the mire, or as a fish on land; to roll,
toss, and tumble; to flounce.
They have floundered on from blunder to blunder. Sir W. Hamilton.

FLOUNDER
Floun"der, n.

Defn: The act of floundering.

FLOUR
Flour, n. Etym: [F. fleur de farine the flower (i.e., the best) of
meal, cf. Sp. flor de la harina superfine flour, Icel. flür flower,
flour. See Flower.]

Defn: The finely ground meal of wheat, or of any other grain;
especially, the finer part of meal separated by bolting; hence, the
fine and soft powder of any substance; as, flour of emery; flour of
mustard. Flour bolt, in milling, a gauze-covered, revolving,
cylindrical frame or reel, for sifting the flour from the refuse
contained in the meal yielded by the stones.
 -- Flour box a tin box for scattering flour; a dredging box.
 -- Flour dredge or dredger, a flour box.
 -- Flour dresser, a mashine for sorting and distributing flour
according to grades of fineness.
 -- Flour mill, a mill for grinding and sifting flour.

FLOUR
Flour, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Floured; p. pr. & vb. n. Flouring.]

1. To grind and bolt; to convert into flour; as, to flour wheat.

2. To sprinkle with flour.

FLOURED
Floured, p. a.

Defn: Finely granulated; -- said of quicksilver which has been
granulated by agitation during the amalgamation process. Raymond.

FLOURISH
Flour"ish, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flourished; p. pr. & vb. n.
Flourishing.] Etym: [OE. florisshen, flurisshen, OF. flurir, F.
fleurir, fr. L. florere to bloom, fr. flos, floris, flower. See
Flower, and -ish.]

1. To grow luxuriantly; to increase and enlarge, as a healthy growing
plant; a thrive.
A tree thrives and flourishes in a kindly . . . soil. Bp. Horne.

2. To be prosperous; to increase in wealth, honor, comfort,
happiness, or whatever is desirable; to thrive; to be prominent and
influental; specifically, of authors, painters, etc., to be in a
state of activity or production.
When all the workers of iniquity do flourish. Ps. xcii 7
Bad men as frequently prosper and flourish, and that by the means of
their wickedness. Nelson.
We say Of those that held their heads above the crowd, They
flourished then or then. Tennyson.

3. To use florid language; to indulge in rhetorical figures and lofty
expressions; to be flowery.
They dilate . . . and flourish long on little incidents. J. Watts.

4. To make bold and sweeping, fanciful, or wanton movements, by way
of ornament, parade, bravado, etc.; to play with fantastic and
irregular motion.
Impetuous spread The stream, and smoking flourished o'er his head.
Pope.

5. To make ornamental strokes with the pen; to write graceful,
decorative figures.

6. To execute an irregular or fanciful strain of music, by way of
ornament or prelude.
Why do the emperor's trumpets flourish thus Shak.

7. To boast; to vaunt; to brag. Pope.

FLOURISH
Flour"ish, v. t.

1. To adorn with flowers orbeautiful figures, either natural or
artificial; to ornament with anything showy; to embellish. [Obs.]
Fenton.

2. To embellish with the flowers of diction; to adorn with rhetorical
figures; to grace with ostentatious eloquence; to set off with a
parade of words. [Obs.]
Sith that the justice of your title to him Doth flourish the deceit.
Shak.

3. To move in bold or irregular figures; to swing about in circles or
vibrations by way of show or triumph; to brandish.
And flourishes his blade in spite of me. Shak.

4. To develop; to make thrive; to expand. [Obs.]
Bottoms of thread . . . which with a good needle, perhaps flourished
into large works. Bacon.

FLOURISH
Flour"ish, n.; pl. Flourishes (.

1. A flourishing condition; prosperity; vigor. [Archaic]
The Roman monarchy, in her highest flourish, never had the like.
Howell.

2. Decoration; ornament; beauty.
The flourish of his sober youth Was the pride of naked truth.
Crashaw.

3. Something made or performed in a fanciful, wanton, or vaunting
manner, by way of ostentation, to excite admiration, etc.;
ostentatious embellishment; ambitious copiousness or amplification;
parade of wordas, a flourish of rhetoric or of wit.
He lards with flourishes his long harangue. Dryden.

4. A fanciful stroke of the pen or graver; a merely decorative
figure.
The neat characters and flourishes of a Bible curiously printed.
Boyle.

5. A fantastic or decorative musical passage; a strain of triumph or
bravado, not forming part of a regular musical composition; a cal; a
fanfare.
A flourish, trumpets! strike alarum, drums! Shak.

6. The waving of a weapon or other thing; a brandishing; as, the
fluorish of a sword.

FLOURISHER
Flour"ish*er, n.

Defn: One who flourishes.

FLOURISHINGLY
Flour"ish*ing*ly

Defn: , adv. In a flourishing manner; ostentatiously.

FLOURY
Flour"y, a.

Defn: Of or resembling flour; mealy; covered with flour. Dickens.

FLOUT
Flout, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Flouting.] Etym:
[OD. fluyten to play the flute, to jeer, D. fluiten, fr. fluit, fr.
French. See Flute.]

Defn: To mock or insult; to treat with contempt.
Phillida flouts me. Walton.
Three gaudy standarts lout the pale blue sky. Byron.

FLOUT
Flout, v. i.

Defn: To practice mocking; to behave with contempt; to sneer; to
fleer; -- often with at.
Fleer and gibe, and laugh and flout. Swift.

FLOUT
Flout, n.

Defn: A mock; an insult.
Who put your beauty to this flout and scorn. Tennyson.

FLOUTER
Flout"er, n.

Defn: One who flouts; a mocker.

FLOUTINGLY
Flout"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With flouting; insultingly; as, to treat a lover floutingly.

FLOW
Flow, obs.

Defn: imp. sing. of Fly, v. i. Chaucer.

FLOW
Flow, v. i. [imp. & p. p. FFlowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Flowing.] Etym:
[AS. flowan; akin to D. vloeijen, OHG. flawen to wash, Icel. floa to
deluge, Gr. float, fleet. *80. Cf. Flood.]

1. To move with a continual change of place among the particles or
parts, as a fluid; to change place or circulate, as a liquid; as,
rivers flow from springs and lakes; tears flow from the eyes.

2. To become liquid; to melt.
The mountains flowed down at thy presence. Is. lxiv. 3.

3. To pproceed; to issue forth; as, wealth flows from industry and
economy.
Those thousand decencies that daily flow From all her words and
actions. Milton.

4. To glide along smoothly, without harshness or asperties; as, a
flowing period; flowing numbers; to sound smoothly to the ear; to be
uttered easily.
Virgil is sweet and flowingin his hexameters. Dryden.

5. To have or be in abundance; to abound; to full, so as to run or
flow over; to be copious.
In that day . . . the hills shall flow with milk. Joel iii. 18.
The exhilaration of a night that needed not the influence of the
flowing bowl. Prof. Wilson.

6. To hang loose and waving; as, a flowing mantle; flowing locks.
The imperial purple flowing in his train. A. Hamilton.

7. To rise, as the tide; -- opposed to ebb; as, the tide flows twice
in twenty-four hours.
The river hath thrice flowed, no ebb between. Shak.

8. To discharge blood in excess from the uterus.

FLOW
Flow, v. t.

1. To cover with water or other liquid; to overflow; to inundate; to
flood.

2. To cover with varnish.

FLOW
Flow, n.

1. A stream of water or other fluid; a current; as, a flow of water;
a flow of blood.

2. A continuous movement of something abundant; as, a flow of words.

3. Any gentle, gradual movement or procedure of thought, diction,
music, or the like, resembling the quiet, steady movement of a river;
a stream.
The feast of reason and the flow of soul. Pope.

4. The tidal setting in of the water from the ocean to the shore. See
Ebb and flow, under Ebb.

5. A low-lying piece of watery land; -- called also flow moss and
flow bog. [Scot.] Jamieson.

FLOWAGE
Flow"age (; 48), n.

Defn: An overflowing with water; also, the water which thus
overflows.

FLOWEN
Flow"en, obs.

Defn: imp. pl. of Fly, v. i. Chaucer.

FLOWER
Flow"er, n. Etym: [OE. flour, OF. flour, flur, flor, F. fleur, fr. L.
flos, floris. Cf. Blossom, Effloresce, Floret, Florid, Florin, Flour,
Flourish.]

1. In the popular sense, the bloom or blossom of a plant; the showy
portion, usually of a different color, shape, and texture from the
foliage.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: That part of a plant destined to produce seed, and hence
including one or both of the sexual organs; an organ or combination
of the organs of reproduction, whether inclosed by a circle of foliar
parts or not. A complete flower consists of two essential parts, the
stamens and the pistil, and two floral envelopes, the corolla and
callyx. In mosses the flowers consist of a few special leaves
surrounding or subtending organs called archegonia. See Blossom, and
Corolla.

Note: If we examine a common flower, such for instance as a geranium,
we shall find that it consists of: First, an outer envelope or calyx,
sometimes tubular, sometimes consisting of separate leaves called
sepals; secondly, an inner envelope or corolla, which is generally
more or less colored, and which, like the calyx, is sometimes
tubular, sometimes composed of separate leaves called petals;
thirdly, one or more stamens, consisting of a stalk or filament and a
head or anther, in which the pollen is produced; and fourthly, a
pistil, which is situated in the center of the flower, and consists
generally of three principal parts; one or more compartments at the
base, each containing one or more seeds; the stalk or style; and the
stigma, which in many familiar instances forms a small head, at the
top of the style or ovary, and to which the pollen must find its way
in order to fertilize the flower. Sir J. Lubbock.

3. The fairest, freshest, and choicest part of anything; as, the
flower of an army, or of a family; the state or time of freshness and
bloom; as, the flower of life, that is, youth.
The choice and flower of all things profitable the Psalms do more
briefly contain. Hooker.
The flower of the chivalry of all Spain. Southey.
A simple maiden in her flower Is worth a hundred coats of arms.
Tennyson.

4. Grain pulverized; meal; flour. [Obs.]
The flowers of grains, mixed with water, will make a sort of glue.
Arbuthnot.

5. pl. (Old. Chem.)

Defn: A substance in the form of a powder, especially when condensed
from sublimation; as, the flowers of sulphur.

6. A figure of speech; an ornament of style.

7. pl. (Print.)

Defn: Ornamental type used chiefly for borders around pages, cards,
etc. W. Savage.

8. pl.

Defn: Menstrual discharges. Lev. xv. 24. Animal flower (Zoöl.) See
under Animal.
 -- Cut flowers, flowers cut from the stalk, as for making a bouquet.
 -- Flower bed, a plat in a garden for the cultivation of flowers.
 -- Flower beetle (Zoöl.), any beetle which feeds upon flowers, esp.
any one of numerous small species of the genus Meligethes, family
Nitidulidæ, some of which are injurious to crops.
 -- Flower bird (Zoöl.), an Australian bird of the genus Anthornis,
allied to the honey eaters.
 -- Flower bud, an unopened flower.
 -- Flower clock, an assemblage of flowers which open and close at
different hours of the day, thus indicating the time.
 -- Flower head (Bot.), a compound flower in which all the florets
are sessile on their receptacle, as in the case of the daisy.
 -- Flower pecker (Zoöl.), one of a family (Dicæidæ) of small Indian
and Australian birds. They resemble humming birds in habits.
 -- Flower piece. (a) A table ornament made of cut flowers. (b) (Fine
Arts) A picture of flowers.
 -- Flower stalk (Bot.), the peduncle of a plant, or the stem that
supports the flower or fructification.

FLOWER
Flow"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flowered; p. pr. & vb. n. Flowering.]
Etym: [From the noun. Cf. Flourish.]

1. To blossom; to bloom; to expand the petals, as a plant; to produce
flowers; as, this plant flowers in June.

2. To come into the finest or fairest condition.
Their lusty and flowering age. Robynson (More's Utopia).
When flowered my youthful spring. Spenser.

3. To froth; to ferment gently, as new beer.
That beer did flower a little. Bacon.

4. To come off as flowers by sublimation. [Obs.]
Observations which have flowered off. Milton.

FLOWER
Flow"er, v. t.

Defn: To embellish with flowers; to adorn with imitated flowers; as,
flowered silk.

FLOWERAGE
Flow"er*age (; 48), n.

Defn: State of flowers; flowers, collectively or in general.
Tennyson.

FLOWER-DE-LUCE
Flow"er-de-luce", n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. fleur-de-lis.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of perennial herbs (Iris) with swordlike leaves and
large three-petaled flowers often of very gay colors, but probably
white in the plant first chosen for the royal French emblem.

Note: There are nearly one hundred species, natives of the north
temperate zone. Some of the best known are Iris Germanica, I.
Florentina, I. Persica, I. sambucina, and the American I. versicolor,
I. prismatica, etc.

FLOWERER
Flow"erer, n.

Defn: A plant which flowers or blossoms.
Many hybrids are profuse and persistent flowerers. Darwin.

FLOWERET
Flow"er*et, n.

Defn: A small flower; a floret. Shak.

FLOWER-FENCE
Flow"er-fence`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tropical leguminous bush (Poinciana, or Cæsalpinia,
pulcherrima) with prickly branches, and showy yellow or red flowers;
-- so named from its having been sometimes used for hedges in the
West Indies. Baird.

FLOWERFUL
Flow"er*ful, a.

Defn: Abounding with flowers. Craig.

FLOWER-GENTLE
Flow"er-gen`tle, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of amaranth (Amarantus melancholicus).

FLOWERINESS
Flow"er*i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being flowery.

FLOWERING
Flow"er*ing, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having conspicuous flowers; -- used as an epithet with many
names of plants; as, flowering ash; flowering dogwood; flowering
almond, etc. Flowering fern, a genus of showy ferns (Osmunda), with
conspicuous bivalvular sporangia. They usually grow in wet places.
 -- Flowering plants, plants which have stamens and pistils, and
produce true seeds; phenogamous plants; -- distinguished from
flowerless plants.
 -- Flowering rush, a European rushlike plant (Butomus umbellatus),
with an umbel of rosy blossoms.

FLOWERING
Flow"er*ing, n.

1. The act of blossoming, or the season when plants blossom;
florification.

2. The act of adorning with flowers.

FLOWERLESS
Flow"er*less, a.

Defn: Having no flowers. Flowerless plants, plants which have no true
flowers, and produce no seeds; cryptigamous plants.

FLOWERLESSNESS
Flow"er*less*ness, n.

Defn: State of being without flowers.

FLOWERPOT
Flow"er*pot`, n.

Defn: A vessel, commonly or earthenware, for earth in which plants
are grown.

FLOWER STATE
Flow"er State.

Defn:   Florida; -- a nickname, alluding to sense of L. floridus,
from florida flowery. See Florid.

FLOWERY
Flow"er*y, a.

1. Full of flowers; abounding with blossoms.

2. Highly embellished with figurative language; florid; as, a flowery
style. Milton. The flowery kingdom, China.

FLOWERY-KIRTLED
Flow"er*y-kir`tled, a.

Defn: Dressed with garlands of flowers. [Poetic & Rare] Milton.

FLOWING
Flow"ing, a.

Defn: That flows or for flowing (in various sense of the verb);
gliding along smoothly; copious. Flowing battery (Elec.), a battery
which is kept constant by the flowing of the exciting liquid through
the cell or cells. Knight.
 -- Flowing furnace, a furnace from which molten metal, can be drawn,
as through a tap hole; a foundry cupola.
 -- Flowing sheet (Naut.), a sheet when eased off, or loosened to the
wind, as when the wind is abaft the beam. Totten.

FLOWING
Flow"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Flow, v. i. & t.

FLOWINGLY
Flow"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a flowing manner.

FLOWINGNESS
Flow"ing*ness, n.

Defn: Flowing tendency or quality; fluency. [R.] W. Nichols.

FLOWK
Flowk ( or ), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See 1st Fluke.

FLOWN
Flown,

Defn: p. p. of Fly; -- often used with the auxiliary verb to be; as,
the birds are flown.

FLOWN
Flown, a.

Defn: Flushed, inflated.

Note: [Supposed by some to be a mistake for blown or swoln.] Pope.
Then wander forth the sons Of Belial, flown with insolence and wine.
Milton.

FLOXED SILK
Floxed" silk`.

Defn: See Floss silk, under Floss.

FLOYTE
Floyte, n. & v.

Defn: A variant of Flute. [Obs.]

FLUATE
Flu"ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fluate. See Fluor.] (Chem.)

Defn: A fluoride. [Obs.]

FLUAVIL
Flu"a*vil, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon extracted from gutta-percha, as a yellow,
resinous substance; -- called also fluanil.

FLUCAN
Flu"can, n. (Mining)

Defn: Soft clayey matter in the vein, or surrounding it. [Written
also flookan, flukan, and fluccan.]

FLUCTIFEROUS
Fluc*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. fluctus wave + -ferous.]

Defn: Tending to produce waves. Blount.

FLUCTISONOUS
Fluc*tis"o*nous, a. Etym: [L. fluctisonus; fluctus wave + sonus
sound.]

Defn: Sounding like waves.

FLUCTUABILITY
Fluc`tu*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The capacity or ability to fluctuate. [R.] H. Walpole.

FLUCTUANT
Fluc"tu*ant, a. Etym: [L. fluctuans, p.pr. of fluctuare. See
Fluctuate.]

1. Moving like a wave; wavering; (Med.)

Defn: showing undulation or fluctuation; as, a fluctuant tumor.

2. Floating on the waves. [Obs.] Bacon.

FLUCTUATE
Fluc"tu*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fluctuated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fluctuating.] Etym: [L. fluctuatus, p.p. of fluctuare, to wave, fr.
fluctus wave, fr. fluere, fluctum, to flow. See Fluent, and cf.
Flotilla.]

1. To move as a wave; to roll hither and thither; to wave; to float
backward and forward, as on waves; as, a fluctuating field of air.
Blackmore.

2. To move now in one direction and now in another; to be wavering or
unsteady; to be irresolute or undetermined; to vacillate.

Syn.
 -- To waver; vacillate; hesitate; scruple.
 -- To Fluctuate, Vacillate, Waver.
 -- Fluctuate is applied both to things and persons and denotes that
they move as they are acted upon. The stocks fluctuate; a man
fluctuates. between conflicting influences. Vacillate and waver are
applied to persons to represent them as acting themselves. A man
vacillates when he goes backward and forward in his opinions and
purposes, without any fixity of mind or principles. A man wavers when
he shrinks back or hesitates at the approach of difficulty or danger.
One who is fluctuating in his feelings is usually vacillating in
resolve, and wavering in execution.

FLUCTUATE
Fluc"tu*ate, v. t.

Defn: To cause to move as a wave; to put in motion. [R.]
And fluctuate all the still perfume. Tennyson.

FLUCTUATION
Fluc`tu*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. fluctuatio; cf. F. fluctuation.]

1. A motion like that of waves; a moving in this and that direction;
as, the fluctuations of the sea.

2. A wavering; unsteadiness; as, fluctuations of opinion;
fluctuations of prices.

3. (Med.)

Defn: The motion or undulation of a fluid collected in a natural or
artifical cavity, which is felt when it is subjected to pressure or
percussion. Dunglison.

FLUE
Flue, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. flue a flowing, fr. fluer to flow, fr. L.
fluere (cf. Fluent); a perh. a corruption of E. flute.]

Defn: An inclosed passage way for establishing and directing a
current of air, gases, etc.; an air passage; esp.:
(a) A compartment or division of a chimney for conveying flame and
smoke to the outer air.
(b) A passage way for conducting a current of fresh, foul, or heated
air from one place to another.
(c) (Steam Boiler) A pipe or passage for conveying flame and hot
gases through surrounding water in a boiler; -- distinguished from a
tube which holds water and is surrounded by fire. Small flues are
called fire tubes or simply tubes. Flue boiler. See under Boiler.
 -- Flue bridge, the separating low wall between the flues and the
laboratory of a reverberatory furnace.
 -- Flue plate (Steam Boiler), a plate to which the ends of the flues
are fastened; -- called also flue sheet, tube sheet, and tube plate.
 -- Flue surface (Steam Boiler), the aggregate surface of flues
exposed to flame or the hot gases.

FLUE
Flue, n. Etym: [Cf. F. flou light, tender, G. flau weak, W. llwch
dust. sq. root84.]

Defn: Light down, such as rises from cotton, fur, etc.; very fine
lint or hair. Dickens.

FLUENCE
Flu"ence, n.

Defn: Fluency. [Obs.] Milton.

FLUENCY
Flu"en*cy, n. Etym: [L. fluentia: cf. F. fluence. See Fluent.]

Defn: The quality of being fluent; smoothness; readiness of
utterance; volubility.
The art of expressing with fluency and perspicuity. Macaulay.

FLUENT
Flu"ent, a. Etym: [L. fluens, -entis, p.pr. of fluere to flow; cf.
Gr. Fluctuate, Flux.]

1. Flowing or capable of flowing; liquid; glodding; easily moving.

2. Ready in the use of words; voluble; copious; having words at
command; and uttering them with facility and smoothness; as, a fluent
speaker; hence, flowing; voluble; smooth; -- said of language; as,
fluent speech.
With most fluent utterance. Denham.
Fluent as the flight of a swallow is the sultan's letter. De Quincey.

FLUENT
Flu"ent, n.

1. A current of water; a stream. [Obs.]

2. Etym: [Cf. F. fluente.] (Math.)

Defn: A variable quantity, considered as increasing or diminishing; -
- called, in the modern calculus, the function or integral.

FLUENTLY
Flu"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a fluent manner.

FLUENTNESS
Flu"ent*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being fluent.

FLUE PIPE
Flue pipe. (Music)

Defn: A pipe, esp. an organ pipe, whose tone is produced by the
impinging of a current of air upon an edge, or lip, causing a wave
motion in the air within; a mouth pipe; -- distinguished from reed
pipe. Flue pipes are either open or closed (stopped at the distant
end). The flute and flageolet are open pipes; a bottle acts as a
closed pipe when one blows across the neck. The organ has both open
and closed flue pipes, those of metal being usually round in section,
and those of wood triangular or square.

FLUEWORK
Flue"work`, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A general name for organ stops in which the sound is caused by
wind passing through a flue or fissure and striking an edge above; --
in distinction from reedwork.

FLUEY
Flue"y, a. Etym: [2d Flue.]

Defn: Downy; fluffy. [R.]

FLUFF
Fluff, n. Etym: [Cf. 2d Flue.

Defn: Nap or down; flue; soft, downy feathers.

FLUFFY
Fluff"y, a. [Compar. Fluffier; superl. Fluffiest.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, fluff or nap; soft and downy.
"The carpets were fluffy." Thackeray.
The present Barnacle . . . had a youthful aspect, and the fluffiest
little whisker, perhaps, that ever was seen. Dickens.
-- Fluff"i*ness, n.

FLUGEL; FLUEGEL
Flü"gel, n. Etym: [G., a wing.] (Mus.)

Defn: A grand piano or a harpsichord, both being wing-shaped.

FLUGELMAN
Flu"gel*man, n. Etym: [G. flügelman.] (Mil.)

Defn: Same as Fugleman.

FLUID
Flu"id, a. Etym: [L. fluidus, fr. fluere to flow: cf. F. fluide. See
Fluent.]

Defn: Having particles which easily move and change their relative
position without a separation of the mass, and which easily yield to
pressure; capable of flowing; liquid or gaseous.

FLUID
Flu"id, n.

Defn: A fluid substance; a body whose particles move easily among
themselves.

Note: Fluid is a generic term, including liquids and gases as
species. Water, air, and steam are fluids. By analogy, the term is
sometimes applied to electricity and magnetism, as in phrases
electric fluid, magnetic fluid, though not strictly appropriate.
Fluid dram, or Fluid drachm, a measure of capacity equal to one
eighth of a fluid ounce.
 -- Fluid ounce. (a) In the United States, a measure of capacity, in
apothecaries' or wine measure, equal to one sixteenth of a pint or
29.57 cubic centimeters. This, for water, is about 1.04158 ounces
avoirdupois, or 455.6 grains. (b) In England, a measure of capacity
equal to the twentieth part of an imperial pint. For water, this is
the weight of the avoirdupois ounce, or 437.5 grains.
 -- Fluids of the body. (Physiol.) The circulating blood and lymph,
the chyle, the gastric, pancreatic, and intestinal juices, the
saliva, bile, urine, aqueous humor, and muscle serum are the more
important fluids of the body. The tissues themselves contain a large
amount of combined water, so much, that an entire human body dried in
vacuo with a very moderate degree of heat gives about 66 per cent of
water.
 -- Burning fluid, Elastic fluid, Electric fluid, Magnetic fluid,
etc. See under Burning, Elastic, etc.

FLUIDAL
Flu"id*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a fluid, or to its flowing motion. Fluidal
structure (Geol.), the structure characteristic of certain volcanic
rocks in which the arrangement of the minute crystals shows the lines
of flow of thew molten material before solidification; -- also called
fluxion structure.

FLUIDITY
Flu*id"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fluidité.]

Defn: The quality of being fluid or capable of flowing; a liquid,
aëriform. or gaseous state; -- opposed to solidity.
It was this want of organization, this looseness and fluidity of the
new movement, that made it penetrate through every class of society.
J. R. Green.

FLUIDIZE
Flu"id*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fluidized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fluidizing.]

Defn: To render fluid.

FLUIDNESS
Flu"id*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being flluid; fluidity.

FLUIDOUNCE
Flu"id*ounce`, n.

Defn: See Fluid ounce, under Fluid.

FLUIDRACHM
Flu"i*drachm`, n.

Defn: See Fluid dram, under Fluid. Pharm. of the U. S.

FLUKAN
Flu"kan, n. (Mining)

Defn: Flucan.

FLUKE
Fluke, n. Etym: [Cf. LG. flunk, flunka wing, the palm of an anchor;
perh. akin to E. fly.]

1. The part of an anchor which fastens in the ground; a flook. See
Anchor.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the lobes of a whale's tail, so called from the
resemblance to the fluke of an anchor.

3. An instrument for cleaning out a hole drilled in stone for
blasting.

4. An accidental and favorable stroke at billiards (called a scratch
in the United States); hence, any accidental or unexpected advantage;
as, he won by a fluke. [Cant, Eng.] A. Trollope.

FLUKEWORM
Fluke"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as 1st Fluke, 2.

FLUKY
Fluk"y, a.

Defn: Formed like, or having, a fluke.

FLUME
Flume, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. flum river, OF, flum, fr. L. flumen, fr.
fluere to flow. *84. See Fluent.]

Defn: A stream; especially, a passage channel, or conduit for the
water that drives a mill wheel; or an artifical channel of water for
hydraulic or placer mining; also, a chute for conveying logs or
lumber down a declivity.

FLUMINOUS
Flu"mi*nous, a. Etym: [L. flumen, fluminis, river.]

Defn: Pertaining to rivers; abounding in streama.

FLUMMERY
Flum"mer*y, n. Etym: [W. llumru, or llumruwd, a kind of food made of
oatmeal steeped in water until it has turned sour, fr. llumrig harsh,
raw, crude, fr. llum sharp, severe.]

1. A light kind of food, formerly made of flour or meal; a sort of
pap.
Milk and flummery are very fit for children. Locke.

2. Something insipid, or not worth having; empty compliment; trash;
unsubstantial talk of writing.
The flummery of modern criticism. J. Morley.

FLUNG
Flung,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Fling.

FLUNK
Flunk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flunked; p. pr. & vb. n. Flunking.] Etym:
[Cf. Funk.]

Defn: To fail, as on a lesson; to back out, as from an undertaking,
through fear.

FLUNK
Flunk, v. t.

Defn: To fail in; to shirk, as a task or duty. [Colloq. U.S.]

FLUNK
Flunk, n.

Defn: A failure or backing out; specifically (College cant),

Defn: a total failure in a recitation. [U.S.]

FLUNKY
Flun"ky, n.; pl. Flunkies. Etym: [Prob. fr. or akin to flank.]
[Written also flunkey.]

1. A contemptuous name for a liveried servant or a footman.

2. One who is obsequious or cringing; a snob.

3. One easily deceived in buying stocks; an inexperienced and unwary
jobber. [Cant, U.S.]

FLUNKYDOM
Flun"ky*dom, n.

Defn: The place or region of flunkies. C. Kingsley.

FLUNLYISM
Flun"ly*ism, n.

Defn: The quality or characteristics of a flunky; readiness to cringe
to those who are superior in wealth or position; toadyism. Thackeray.

FLUO-
Flu"o- (. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form indicating fluorine as an ingredient; as in
fluosilicate, fluobenzene.

FLUOBORATE
Flu`o*bo"rate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fluoborate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of fluoboric acid; a fluoboride.

FLUOBORIC
Flu`o*bo"ric, a. Etym: [Fluo- boric: cf. F. fluoborique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or consisting of, fluorine and
boron. Fluoridic acid (Chem.), a double fluoride, consisting
essentially of a solution of boron fluoride, in hydrofluoric acid. It
has strong acid properties, and is the type of the borofluorides.
Called also borofluoric acid.

FLUOBORIDE
Flu`o*bo"ride, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Borofluoride.

FLUOCERINE; FLUOCERITE
Flu`o*ce"rine, Flu`o*ce"rite, n. Etym: [Fluo- + cerium.] (Min.)

Defn: A fluoride of cerium, occuring near Fahlun in Sweden. Tynosite,
from Colorado, is probably the same mineral.

FLUOHYDRIC
Flu`o*hy"dric, a. Etym: [Fluo- + hydrogen.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Hydrofluoric.

FLUOPHOSPHATE
Flu`o*phos"phate, n. Etym: [Fluo- + phosphate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A double salt of fluoric and phosphoric acids.

FLUOR
Flu"or, n. Etym: [L., a flowing, fr. fluere to flow. See Fluent.]

1. A fluid state. [Obs.] Sir I. Newton.

2. Menstrual flux; catamenia; menses. [Obs.]

3. (Min.)

Defn: See Fluorite.

FLUOR ALBUS
Flu"or albus. Etym: [L., white flow.] (Med.)

Defn: The whites; leucorrhæa.

FLUORANTHENE
Flu`or*an"thene, n. Etym: [Fluorene + anthra (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline hydrocarbon C

FLUORATED
Flu"or*a`ted, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined with fluorine; subjected to the action of fluoride.
[R.]

FLUORENE
Flu`or*ene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, crystalline hydrocarbon, C13H10 having a beautiful
violet fluorescence; whence its name. It occurs in the higher boiling
products of coal tar, and is obtained artificially.

FLUORESCEIN
Flu`o*res"ce*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellowish red, crystalline substance, C20H12O5, produced by
heating together phthalic anhydride and resorcin; -- so called, from
the very brilliant yellowish green fluorescence of its alkaline
solutions. It has acid properties, and its salts of the alkalies are
known to the trade under the name of uranin.

FLUORESCENCE
Flu`o*res"cence, n. Etym: [From Fluor.] (Opt.)

Defn: That property which some transparent bodies have of producing
at their surface, or within their substance, light different in color
from the mass of the material, as when green crystals of fluor spar
afford blue reflections. It is due not to the difference in the color
of a distinct surface layer, but to the power which the substance has
of modifying the light incident upon it. The light emitted by
fluorescent substances is in general of lower refrangibility than the
incident light. Stockes.

FLUORESCENT
Flu`o*res"cent, a.

Defn: Having the property of fluorescence.

FLUORESCIN
Flu`o*res"cin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, amorphous substance which is produced by the
reduction of fluoresceïn, and from which the latter may be formed by
oxidation.

FLUORIC
Flu*or"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fluorique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, obtained from, or containing, fluorine.

FLUORIDE
Flu"or*ide ( or ; 104), n. Etym: [Cf. F. fluoride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of fluorine with another element or radical.
Calcium fluoride (Min.), fluorite, CaF2. See Fluorite.

FLUORINE
Flu"or*ine ( or ; 104), n. Etym: [NL. fluorina: cf. G. fluorin, F.
fluorine. So called from its occurrence in the mineral fluorite.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A non-metallic, gaseous element, strongly acid or negative, or
associated with chlorine, bromine, and iodine, in the halogen group
of which it is the first member. It always occurs combined, is very
active chemically, and possesses such an avidity for most elements,
and silicon especially, that it can neither be prepared nor kept in
glass vessels. If set free it immediately attacks the containing
material, so that it was not isolated until 1886. It is a pungent,
corrosive, colorless gas. Symbol F. Atomic weight 19.

Note: Fluorine unites with hydrogen to form hydrofluoric acid, which
is the agent employed in etching glass. It occurs naturally,
principally combined as calcium fluoride in fluorite, and as a double
fluoride of aluminium and sodium in cryolite.

FLUORITE
Flu"or*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Calcium fluoride, a mineral of many different colors, white,
yellow, purple, green, red, etc., often very beautiful, crystallizing
commonly in cubes with perfect octahedral cleavage; also massive. It
is used as a flux. Some varieties are used for ornamental vessels.
Also called fluor spar, or simply fluor.

FLUOROID
Flu"or*oid, n. Etym: [Fluor + -oid.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A tetrahexahedron; -- so called because it is a common form of
fluorite.

FLUOROSCOPE
Flu*or"o*scope, n. Etym: [Fluorescence + -scope.] (Phys.)

Defn: An instrument for observing or exhibiting fluorescence.

FLUOROSCOPY
Flu`or*os"co*py, n.

Defn: Examination of an object, as the human body, by exposing it to
the X rays and observing the shadow cast upon a fluorescent screen;
cryptoscopy.

FLUOROUS
Flu"or*ous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to fluor.

FLUOR SPAR
Flu"or spar`. (Min.)

Defn: See Fluorite.

FLUOSILICATE
Flu`o*sil"i*cate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fluosilicate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A double fluoride of silicon and some other (usually basic)
element or radical, regarded as a salt of fluosilicic acid; -- called
also silicofluoride.

FLUOSILICIC
Flu`o*si*lic"ic, a. Etym: [Fluo- + silicic: cf. F. fluosilicique.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Composed of, or derived from, silicon and fluorine. Fluosilicic
acid, a double fluoride of hydrogen and silicon, H2F6Si, obtained in
solution in water as a sour fuming liquid, and regarded as the type
of the fluosilicates; -- called also silicofluoric acid, and
hydrofluosilicic acid.

FLURRIED
Flur"ried, a.

Defn: Agitated; excited.
 -- Flur"ried*ly adv.

FLURRY
Flur"ry, n.; pl. Flurries. Etym: [Prov. E. flur to ruffle.]

1. A sudden and brief blast or gust; a light, temporary breeze; as, a
flurry of wind.

2. A light shower or snowfall accompanied with wind.
Like a flurry of snow on the whistling wind. Longfellow.

3. Violent agitation; commotion; bustle; hurry.
The racket and flurry of London. Blakw. Mag.

4. The violent spasms of a dying whale.

FLURRY
Flur"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flurried; p. pr. & vb. n. Flurrying.]

Defn: To put in a state of agitation; to excite or alarm. H.
Swinburne.

FLURT
Flurt, n.

Defn: A flirt. [Obs.] Quarles.

FLUSH
Flush, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flushed; p. pr. & vb. n. Flushing.] Etym:
[Cf. OE. fluschen to fly up, penetrate, F. fluz a flowing, E. flux,
dial. Sw. flossa to blaze, and E. flash; perh. influenced by blush.
*84.]

1. To flow and spread suddenly; to rush; as, blood flushes into the
face.
The flushing noise of many waters. Boyle.
It flushes violently out of the cock. Mortimer.

2. To become suddenly suffused, as the cheeks; to turn red; to blush.

3. To snow red; to shine suddenly; to glow.
In her cheek, distemper flushing glowed. Milton.

4. To star
Flushing from one spray unto another. W. Browne.

FLUSH
Flush, v. t.

1. To cause to be full; to flood; to overflow; to overwhelm with
water; as, to flush the meadows; to flood for the purpose of
cleaning; as, to flush a sewer.

2. To cause the blood to rush into (the face); to put to the blush,
or to cause to glow with excitement.
Nor flush with shame the passing virgin's cheek. Gay.
Sudden a thought came like a full-blown rose, Flushing his brow.
Keats.

3. To make suddenly or temporarily red or rosy, as if suffused with
blood.
How faintly flushed. how phantom fair, Was Monte Rosa, hanging there!
Tennyson.

4. To excite; to animate; to stir.
Such things as can only feed his pride and flush his ambition. South.

5. To cause to start, as a hunter a bird. Nares. To flush a joints
(Masonry), to fill them in; to point the level; to make them flush.

FLUSH
Flush, n.

1. A sudden flowing; a rush which fills or overflows, as of water for
cleansing purposes.
In manner of a wave or flush. Ray.

2. A suffusion of the face with blood, as from fear, shame, modesty,
or intensity of feeling of any kind; a blush; a glow.
The flush of angered shame. Tennyson.

3. Any tinge of red color like that produced on the cheeks by a
sudden rush of blood; as, the flush on the side of a peach; the flush
on the clouds at sunset.

4. A sudden flood or rush of feeling; a thrill of excitement.
animation, etc.; as, a flush of joy.

5. A flock of birds suddenly started up or flushed.

6. Etym: [From F. or Sp. flux. Cf. Flux.]

Defn: A hand of cards of the same suit.

FLUSH
Flush, a.

1. Full of vigor; fresh; glowing; bright.
With all his crimes broad blown, as flush as May. Shak.

2. Affluent; abounding; well furnished or suppled; hence, liberal;
prodigal.
Lord Strut was not very flush in ready. Arbuthnot.

3. (Arch. & Mech.)

Defn: Unbroken or even in surface; on a level with the adjacent
surface; forming a continuous surface; as, a flush panel; a flush
joint.

4. (Card Playing)

Defn: Consisting of cards of one suit. Flush bolt. (a) A screw bolt
whose head is countersunk, so as to be flush with a surface. (b) A
sliding bolt let into the face or edge of a door, so as to be flush
therewith.
 -- Flush deck. (Naut.) See under Deck, n., 1.
 -- Flush tank, a water tank which can be emptied rapidly for
flushing drainpipes, etc.

FLUSH
Flush, adv.

Defn: So as to be level or even.

FLUSHBOARD
Flush"board`, n.

Defn: Same as Flashboard.

FLUSHER
Flush"er, n.

1. A workman employed in cleaning sewers by flushing them with water.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The red-backed shrike. See Flasher.

FLUSHING
Flush"ing, n.

1. A heavy, coarse cloth manufactured from shoddy; -- commonly in the
[Eng.]

2. (Weaving)

Defn: A surface formed of floating threads.

FLUSHINGLY
Flush"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a flushing manner.

FLUSHNESS
Flush"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being flush; abundance.

FLUSTER
Flus"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flustered; p. pr. & vb. n. Flustering.]
Etym: [Cf. Icel. flaustra to be flustered, flaustr a fluster.]

Defn: To make hot and rosy, as with drinking; to heat; hence, to
throw into agitation and confusion; to confuse; to muddle.
His habit or flustering himself daily with claret. Macaulay.

FLUSTER
Flus"ter, v. i.

Defn: To be in a heat or bustle; to be agitated and confused.
The flstering, vainglorious Greeks. South.

FLUSTER
Flus"ter, n.

Defn: Heat or glow, as from drinking; agitation mingled with
confusion; disorder.

FLUSTERATION
Flus`ter*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of flustering, or the state of being flustered;
fluster. [Colloq.]

FLUSTRATE
Flus"trate, v. t. Etym: [See Fluster, v. t.]

Defn: To fluster. [Colloq.] Spectator.

FLUSTRATION
Flus*tra"tion, n.

Defn: The act of flustrating; confusion; flurry. [Colloq.]
Richardson.

FLUTE
Flute, n. Etym: [OE. floute, floite, fr. OF. flaüte, flahute,
flahuste, F. fl; cf. LL. flauta, D. fluit. See Flute, v. i.]

1. A musical wind instrument, consisting of a hollow cylinder or
pipe, with holes along its length, stopped by the fingers or by keys
which are opened by the fingers. The modern flute is closed at the
upper end, and blown with the mouth at a lateral hole.
The breathing flute's soft notes are heard around. Pope.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A channel of curved section; -- usually applied to one of a
vertical series of such channels used to decorate columns and
pilasters in classical architecture. See Illust. under Base, n.

3. A similar channel or groove made in wood or other material, esp.
in plaited cloth, as in a lady's ruffle.

4. A long French breakfast roll. Simonds.

5. A stop in an organ, having a flutelike sound. Flute bit, a boring
tool for piercing ebony, rosewood, and other hard woods.
 -- Flute pipe, an organ pipe having a sharp lip or wind-cutter which
imparts vibrations to Knight.

FLUTE
Flute, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fl a transport, D. fluit.]

Defn: A kindof flyboat; a storeship. Armed en flûte ( (Nav.),
partially armed.

FLUTE
Flute, v. i. Etym: [OE. flouten, floiten, OF. flaüter, fleüter,
flouster, F. flûter, cf. D. fluiten; ascribed to an assumed LL.
flautare, flatuare, fr. L. flatus a blowing, fr. flare to blow. Cf.
Flout, Flageolet, Flatulent.]

Defn: To play on, or as on, a flute; to make a flutelike sound.

FLUTE
Flute, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fluted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fluting.]

1. To play, whistle, or sing with a clear, soft note, like that of a
flute.
Knaves are men, That lute and flute fantastic tenderness. Tennyson.
The redwing flutes his o-ka-lee. Emerson.

2. To form flutes or channels in, as in a column, a ruffle, etc.

FLUTE A BEC
Flûte` à bec". Etym: [F.] (Mus.)

Defn: A beak flute, an older form of the flute, played with a
mouthpiece resembling a beak, and held like a flageolet.

FLUTED
Flut"ed, a.

1. Thin; fine; clear and mellow; flutelike; as, fluted notes. Busby.

2. Decorated with flutes; channeled; grooved; as, a fluted column; a
fluted ruffle; a fluted spectrum.

FLUTEMOUTH
Flute"mouth`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of the genus Aulostoma, having a much elongated tubular
snout.

FLUTER
Flut"er, n.

1. One who plays on the flute; a flutist or flautist.

2. One who makes grooves or flutings.

FLUTING
Flut"ing, n.

Defn: Decoration by means of flutes or channels; a flute, or flutes
collectively; as, the fluting of a column or pilaster; the fluting of
a lady's ruffle. Fluting iron, a laundry iron for fluting ruffles; --
called also Italian iron, or gaufering iron. Knight.
 -- Fluting lathe, a machine for forming spiral flutes, as on
balusters, table legs, etc.

FLUTIST
Flut"ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. flûtiste.]

Defn: A performer on the flute; a flautist. Busby.

2. To move with quick vibrations or undulations; as, a sail flutters
in the wind; a fluttering fan.

3. To move about briskly, irregularly, or with great bustle and show,
without much result.
No rag, no scrap, of all the beau, or wit, That once so fluttered,
and that once so writ. Pope.

4. To be in agitation; to move irregularly; to flucttuate; to be
uncertainty.
Long we fluttered on the wings of doubtful success. Howell.
His thoughts are very fluttering and wandering. I. Watts.

FLUTTER
Flut"ter, v. t.

1. To vibrate or move quickly; as, a bird flutters its wings.

2. To drive in disorder; to throw into confusion.
Like an eagle in a dovecote, I Fluttered your Volscians in Corioli.
Shak.

FLUTTER
Flut"ter, n.

1. The act of fluttering; quick and irregular motion; vibration; as,
the flutter of a fan.
The chirp and flutter of some single bird Milnes. .

2. Hurry; tumult; agitation of the mind; confusion; disorder. Pope.
Flutter wheel, a water wheel placed below a fall or in a chute where
rapidly moving water strikes the tips of the floats; -- so called
from the spattering, and the fluttering noise it makes.

FLUTTERER
Flut"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, flutters.

FLUTTERINGLY
Flut"ter*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a fluttering manner.

FLUTY
Flut"y, a.

Defn: Soft and clear in tone, like a flute.

FLUVIAL
Flu"vi*al, a. Etym: [L. fluvialis, from fluvius river, fr. fluere to
flow: cf.F. fluvial. See Fluent.]

Defn: Belonging to rivers; growing or living in streams or ponds; as,
a fluvial plant.

FLUVIALIST
Flu"vi*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who exlpains geological phenomena by the action of streams.
[R.]

FLUVIATIC
Flu`vi*at"ic, a. Etym: [L. fluviaticus. See Fluvial.]

Defn: Belonging to rivers or streams; fluviatile. Johnson.

FLUVIATILE
Flu"vi*a*tile, a. Etym: [L. fluviatilis, fr. fluvius river: cf. F.
fluviatile.]

Defn: Belonging to rivers or streams; existing in or about rivers;
produced by river action; fluvial; as, fluviatile starta, plants.
Lyell.

FLUVIOGRAPH
Flu"vi*o*graph, n. [L. fluvius river + -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring and recording automatically the
rise and fall of a river.

FLUVIO-MARINE
Flu`vi*o-ma*rine", a. Etym: [L. fluvius river + E. marine.] (Geol.)

Defn: Formed by the joint action of a river and the sea, as deposits
at the mouths of rivers.

FLUVIOMETER
Flu`vi*om"e*ter, n. [L. fluvius river + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the height of water in a river; a
river gauge.

FLUX
Flux, n. Etym: [L. fluxus, fr. fluere, fluxum,to flow: cf.F. flux.
See Fluent, and cf. 1st & 2d Floss, Flush, n., 6.]

1. The act of flowing; a continuous moving on or passing by, as of a
flowing stream; constant succession; change.
By the perpetual flux of the liquids, a great part of them is thrown
out of the body. Arbuthnot.
Her image has escaped the flux of things, And that same infant beauty
that she wore Is fixed upon her now forevermore. Trench.
Languages, like our bodies, are in a continual flux. Felton.

2. The setting in of the tide toward the shore, -- the (reflux.

3. The state of beinng liquid through heat; fusion.

4. (Chem.& Metal.)

Defn: Any substance or mixture used to promote the fusion of metals
or minerals, as alkalies, borax, lime, fluorite.

Note: White flux is the residuum of the combustion of a mixture of
equal parts of niter and tartar. It consists chiefly of the carbonate
of potassium, and is white.- Black flux is the ressiduum of the
combustion of one part of niter and two of tartar, and consists
essentially of a mixture of potassium carbonate and charcoal.

5. (Med.)
(a) A fluid discharge from the bowels or other part; especially, an
excessive and morbid discharge; as, the bloody flux or dysentery. See
Bloody flux.
(b) The matter thus discharged.

6. (Physics)

Defn: The quantity of a fluid that crosses a unit area of a given
surface in a unit of time.

FLUX
Flux, a. Etym: [L. fluxus, p. p. of fluere. See Flux, n.]

Defn: Flowing; unstable; inconstant; variable.
The flux nature of all things here. Barrow.

FLUX
Flux, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fluxed; p. pr. & vb. n. Fluxing.]

1. To affect, or bring to a certain state, by flux.
He might fashionably and genteelly . . . have been dueled or fluxed
into another world. South.

2. To cause to become fluid; to fuse. Kirwan.

3. (Med.)

Defn: To cause a discharge from; to purge.

FLUXATION
Flux*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of fluxing.

FLUXIBILITY
Flux`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. fluxibilitas fluidity.]

Defn: The quality of being fluxible. Hammond.

FLUXIBLE
Flux"i*ble, a. Etym: [Cf.LL. fluxibilis fluid, OF. fluxible.]

Defn: Capable of being melted or fused, as a mineral. Holland.
 -- Flux"i*ble*ness, n.

FLUXILE
Flux"ile, a. Etym: [L. fluxilis, a., fluid.]

Defn: Fluxible. [R.]

FLUXILITY
Flux*il"i*ty, n.

Defn: State of being fluxible.[Obs.]

FLUXION
Flux"ion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fluxion.]

Defn: The act of flowing. Cotgrave.

2. The matter that flows. Wiseman.

3. Fusion; the running of metals into a fluid state.

4. (Med.)

Defn: An unnatural or excessive flow of blood or fluid toward any
organ; a determination.

5. A constantly varying indication.
Less to be counted than the fluxions of sun dials. De Quincey.

6. (Math.)
(a) The infinitely small increase or decrease of a variable or
flowing quantity in a certain infinitely small and constant period of
time; the rate of variation of a fluent; an incerement; a
differential. (b) pl.

Defn: A method of analysis developed by Newton, and based on the
conception of all magnitudes as generated by motion, and involving in
their changes the notion of velocity or rate of change. Its results
are the same as those of the differential and integral calculus, from
which it differs little except in notation and logical method.

FLUXIONAL
Flux"ion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or having the nature of, fluxion or fluxions;
variable; inconstant.
The merely human,the temporary and fluxional. Coleridge.
Fluxional structure (Geol.), fluidal structure.

FLUXIONARY
Flux"ion*a*ry, a.

1. Fluxional. Berkeley.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or caused by, an increased flow of blood to a
part; congestive; as, a fluxionary hemorrhage.

FLUXIONIST
Flux"ion*ist, n.

Defn: One skilled in fluxions. Berkeley.

FLUXIONS
Flux"ions, n. pl. (Math.)

Defn: See Fluxion, 6(b).

FLUXIVE
Flux"ive, a.

Defn: Flowing; also, wanting solidity. B. Jonson.

FLUXURE
Flux"ure (; 138), n. Etym: [L. fluxura a flowing.]

1. The quality of being fluid. [Obs.] Fielding.

2. Fluid matter. [Obs.] Drayton.

FLY
Fly, v. i. [imp. Flew; p. p. Flown; p. pr. & vb. n. Flying.] Etym:
[OE. fleen, fleen, fleyen, flegen, AS. fleógan; akin to D. vliegen,
ONG. fliogan, G. fliegen, Icel. flj, Sw. flyga, Dan. flyve, Goth. us-
flaugjan to cause to fly away, blow about, and perh. to L. pluma
feather, E. plume. Fledge, Flight, Flock of animals.]

1. To move in or pass thorugh the air with wings, as a bird.

2. To move through the air or before the wind; esp., to pass or be
driven rapidly through the air by any impulse.

3. To float, wave, or rise in the air, as sparks or a flag.
Man is born unto trouble, as the sparks fly upward. Job v. 7.

4. To move or pass swiftly; to hasten away; to circulate rapidly; as,
a ship flies on the deep; a top flies around; rumor flies.
Fly, envious Time, till thou run out thy race. Milton.
The dark waves murmured as the ships flew on. Bryant.

5. To run from danger; to attempt to escape; to flee; as, an enemy or
a coward flies. See Note under Flee.
Fly, ere evil intercept thy flight. Milton.
Whither shall I fly to escape their hands Shak.

6. To move suddenly, or with violence; to do an act suddenly or
swiftly; -- usually with a qualifying word; as, a door flies open; a
bomb flies apart. To fly about (Naut.), to change frequently in a
short time; -- said of the wind.
 -- To fly around, to move about in haste. [Colloq.] -- To fly at, to
spring toward; to rush on; to attack suddenly.
 -- To fly in the face of, to insult; to assail; to set at defiance;
to oppose with violence; to act in direct opposition to; to resist.
 -- To fly off, to separate, or become detached suddenly; to revolt.
 -- To fly on, to attack.
 -- To fly open, to open suddenly, or with violence.
 -- To fly out. (a) To rush out. (b) To burst into a passion; to
break out into license.
 -- To let fly. (a) To throw or drive with violence; to discharge. "A
man lets fly his arrow without taking any aim." Addison. (b) (Naut.)
To let go suddenly and entirely; as, to let fly the sheets.

FLY
Fly, v. t.

1. To cause to fly or to float in the air, as a bird, a kite, a flag,
etc.
The brave black flag I fly. W. S. Gilbert.

2. To fly or flee from; to shun; to avoid.
Sleep flies the wretch. Dryden.
To fly the favors of so good a king. Shak.

3. To hunt with a hawk. [Obs.] Bacon. To fly a kite (Com.), to raise
money on commercial notes. [Cant or Slang]

FLY
Fly, n.; pl. Flies. Etym: [OE. flie, flege, AS. flge, fleóge, fr.
fleógan to fly; akin to D. vlieg, OHG. flioga, G. fliege, Icel. & Sw.
fluga, Dan. flue. Fly, v. i.]

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any winged insect; esp., one with transparent wings; as, the
Spanish fly; firefly; gall fly; dragon fly.
(b) Any dipterous insect; as, the house fly; flesh fly; black fly.
See Diptera, and Illust. in Append.

2. A hook dressed in imitation of a fly, -- used for fishing. "The
fur-wrought fly." Gay.

3. A familiar spirit; a witch's attendant. [Obs.]
A trifling fly, none of your great familiars. B. Jonson.

4. A parasite. [Obs.] Massinger.

5. A kind of light carriage for rapid transit, plying for hire and
usually drawn by one horse. [Eng.]

6. The length of an extended flag from its staff; sometimes, the
length from the "union" to the extreme end.

7. The part of a vane pointing the direction from which the wind
blows.

8. (Naut.)

Defn: That part of a compass on which the points are marked; the
compass card. Totten.

9. (Mech.)
(a) Two or more vanes set on a revolving axis, to act as a fanner, or
to equalize or impede the motion of machinery by the resistance of
the air, as in the striking part of a clock.
(b) A heavy wheel, or cross arms with weights at the ends on a
revolving axis, to regulate or equalize the motion of machinery by
means of its inertia, where the power communicated, or the resistance
to be overcome, is variable, as in the steam engine or the coining
press. See Fly wheel (below).

10. (Knitting Machine)

Defn: The piece hinged to the needle, which holds the engaged loop in
position while the needle is penetrating another loop; a latch.
Knight.

11. The pair of arms revolving around the bobbin, in a spinning wheel
or spinning frame, to twist the yarn.

12. (Weaving)

Defn: A shuttle driven through the shed by a blow or jerk. Knight.

13.
(a) Formerly, the person who took the printed sheets from the press.
(b) A vibrating frame with fingers, attached to a power to a power
printing press for doing the same work.

14. The outer canvas of a tent with double top, usually drawn over
the ridgepole, but so extended as to touch the roof of the tent at no
other place.

15. One of the upper screens of a stage in a theater.

16. The fore flap of a bootee; also, a lap on trousers, overcoats,
etc., to conceal a row of buttons.

17. (Baseball)

Defn: A batted ball that flies to a considerable distance, usually
high in the air; also, the flight of a ball so struck; as, it was
caught on the fly. Black fly, Cheese fly, Dragon fly, etc. See under
Black, Cheese, etc.
 -- Fly agaric (Bot.), a mushroom (Agaricus muscarius), having a
narcotic juice which, in sufficient quantities, is poisonous.
 -- Fly block (Naut.), a pulley whose position shifts to suit the
working of the tackle with which it is connected; -- used in the
hoisting tackle of yards.
 -- Fly board (Printing Press), the board on which printed sheets are
deposited by the fly.
 -- Fly book, a case in the form of a book for anglers' flies.
Kingsley.
 -- Fly cap, a cap with wings, formerly worn by women.
 -- Fly drill, a drill having a reciprocating motion controlled by a
fly wheel, the driving power being applied by the hand through a cord
winding in reverse directions upon the spindle as it rotates backward
and forward. Knight.
 -- Fly fishing, the act or art of angling with a bait of natural or
artificial flies. Walton.
 -- Fly flap, an implement for killing flies.
 -- Fly governor, a governor for regulating the speed of an engine,
etc., by the resistance of vanes revolving in the air.
 -- Fly honeysuckle (Bot.), a plant of the honeysuckle genus
(Lonicera), having a bushy stem and the flowers in pairs, as L.
ciliata and L. Xylosteum.
 -- Fly hook, a fishhook supplied with an artificial fly.
 -- Fly leaf, an unprinted leaf at the beginning or end of a book,
circular, programme, etc.
 -- Fly maggot, a maggot bred from the egg of a fly. Ray.
 -- Fly net, a screen to exclude insects.
 -- Fly nut (Mach.), a nut with wings; a thumb nut; a finger nut.
 -- Fly orchis (Bot.), a plant (Ophrys muscifera), whose flowers
resemble flies.
 -- Fly paper, poisoned or sticky paper for killing flies that feed
upon or are entangled by it.
 -- Fly powder, an arsenical powder used to poison flies.
 -- Fly press, a screw press for punching, embossing, etc., operated
by hand and having a heavy fly.
 -- Fly rail, a bracket which turns out to support the hinged leaf of
a table.
 -- Fly rod, a light fishing rod used in angling with a fly.
 -- Fly sheet, a small loose advertising sheet; a handbill.
 -- Fly snapper (Zoöl.), an American bird (Phainopepla nitens),
allied to the chatterers and shrikes. The male is glossy blue-black;
the female brownish gray.
 -- Fly wheel (Mach.), a heavy wheel attached to machinery to
equalize the movement (opposing any sudden acceleration by its
inertia and any retardation by its momentum), and to accumulate or
give out energy for a variable or intermitting resistance. See Fly,
n., 9.
 -- On the fly (Baseball), still in the air; -- said of a batted ball
caught before touching the ground..

FLY
Fly, a.

Defn: Knowing; wide awake; fully understanding another's meaning.
[Slang] Dickens.

FLY AMANITA; FLY FUNGUS
Fly amanita, Fly fungus. (Bot.)

Defn: A poisonous mushroom (Amanita muscaria, syn. Agaricus
muscarius), having usually a bright red or yellowish cap covered with
irregular white spots. It has a distinct volva at the base, generally
an upper ring on the stalk, and white spores. Called also fly agaric,
deadly amanita.

FLYAWAY
Fly"a*way`, a.

Defn: Disposed to fly away; flighty; unrestrained; light and free; --
used of both persons and things. -- n.

Defn: A flyaway person or thing. "Truth is such a flyaway." Emerson.

FLYAWAY
flyaway adj.

1. frivolous; -- of people. serious
Syn. -- flighty.
[WordNet 1.5]

2. Tending to move away from a center, rather than remain in a
compact group; -- used of hair or clothing or of small particles of
matter.  Light objects or particles readily taking a static electric
charge may be moved apart by acquisition of a charge, or by approach
of a charged object.  Such a property is called flyaway.
Syn. -- fluttering.
[WordNet 1.5]

FLYAWAY GRASS
Flyaway grass. (Bot.)

Defn: The hair grass (Agrostis scabra). So called from its light
panicle, which is blown to great distances by the wind.

FLYBANE
Fly"bane`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of catchfly of the genus Silene; also, a poisonous
mushroom (Agaricus muscarius); fly agaric.

FLY-BITTEN
Fly"-bit`ten, a.

Defn: Marked by, or as if by, the bite of flies. Shak.

FLYBLOW
Fly"blow`, v. t.

Defn: To deposit eggs upon, as a flesh fly does on meat; to cause to
be maggoty; hence, to taint or contaminate, as if with flyblows. Bp.
Srillingfleet.

FLYBLOW
Fly"blow`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the eggs or young larvæ deposited by a flesh fly, or
blowfly.

FLYBLOWN
Fly"blown`, a.

Defn: Tainted or contaminated with flyblows; damaged; foul.
Wherever flyblown reputations were assembled. Thackeray.

FLYBOAT
Fly"boat`, n. Etym: [Fly + boat: cf. D. vlieboot.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A large Dutch coasting vessel.
Captain George Weymouth made a voyage of discovery to the northwest
with two flyboats. Purchas.

2. A kind of passenger boat formerly used on canals.

FLY-CASE
Fly"-case`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The covering of an insect, esp. the elytra of beetles.

FLYCATCHER
Fly"catch`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of numerous species of birds that feed upon insects, which
they take on the wing.

Note: The true flycatchers of the Old World are Oscines, and belong
to the family Muscicapidæ, as the spotted flycatcher (Muscicapa
grisola). The American flycatchers, or tyrant flycatchers, are
Clamatores, and belong to the family Tyrannidæ, as the kingbird,
pewee, crested flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus), and the vermilion
flycatcher or churinche (Pyrocephalus rubineus). Certain American
flycatching warblers of the family Sylvicolidæ are also called
flycatchers, as the Canadian flycatcher (Sylvania Canadensis), and
the hooded flycatcher (S. mitrata). See Tyrant flycatcher.

FLY-CATCHING
Fly"-catch`ing, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the habit of catching insects on the wing.

FLYER
Fly"er, n. Etym: [See Flier.]

1. One that uses wings.

2. The fly of a flag: See Fly, n., 6.

3. Anything that is scattered abroad in great numbers as a theatrical
programme, an advertising leaf, etc.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: One in a flight of steps which are parallel to each other(as in
ordinary stairs), as distinguished from a winder.

5. The pair of arms attached to the spindle of a spinning frame, over
which the thread passes to the bobbin; -- so called from their swift
revolution. See Fly, n., 11.

6. The fan wheel that rotates the cap of a windmill as the wind
veers. Internat. Cyc.

7. (Stock Jobbing)

Defn: A small operation not involving considerable part of one's
capital, or not in the line of one's ordinary business; a venture.
[Cant] Bartlett.

FLYFISH
Fly"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A California scorpænoid fish (Sebastichthys rhodochloris),
having brilliant colors.

FLY-FISH
Fly"-fish, v. i.

Defn: To angle, using flies for bait. Walton.

FLYING
Fly"ing, a. Etym: [From Fly, v. i.]

Defn: Moving in the air with, or as with, wings; moving lightly or
rapidly; intended for rapid movement.

Flying army (Mil.) a body of cavalry and infantry, kept in motion, to
cover its own garrisons and to keep the enemy in continual alarm.
Farrow. --Flying artillery (Mil.), artillery trained to rapid
evolutions, -- the men being either mounted or trained to spring upon
the guns and caissons when they change position.
 -- Flying bridge, Flying camp. See under Bridge, and Camp.
 -- Flying buttress (Arch.), a contrivance for taking up the thrust
of a roof or vault which can not be supported by ordinary buttresses.
It consists of a straight bar of masonry, usually sloping, carried on
an arch, and a solid pier or buttress sufficient to receive the
thrust. The word is generally applied only to the straight bar with
supporting arch.
 -- Flying colors, flags unfurled and waving in the air; hence: To
come off with flying colors, to be victorious; to succeed thoroughly
in an undertaking.
 -- Flying doe (Zoöl.), a young female kangaroo.
 -- Flying dragon. (a) (Zoöl.) See Dragon, 6. (b) A meteor. See under
Dragon.
 -- Flying Dutchman. (a) A fabled Dutch mariner condemned for his
crimes to sail the seas till the day of judgment. (b) A spectral
ship.
 -- Flying fish. (Zoöl.) See Flying fish, in the Vocabulary.
 -- Flying fox (Zoöl.), the colugo.
 -- Flying frog (Zoöl.), an East Indian tree frog of the genus
Rhacophorus, having very large and broadly webbed feet, which serve
as parachutes, and enable it to make very long leaps.
 -- Flying gurnard (Zoöl.), a species of gurnard of the genus
Cephalacanthus or Dactylopterus, with very large pectoral fins, said
to be able to fly like the flying fish, but not for so great a
distance.

Note: Three species are known; that of the Atlantic is Cephalacanthus
volitans.
 -- Flying jib (Naut.), a sail extended outside of the standing jib,
on the flying-jib boom.
 -- Flying-jib boom (Naut.), an extension of the jib boom.
 -- Flying kites (Naut.), light sails carried only in fine weather.
 -- Flying lemur. (Zoöl.) See Colugo.
 -- Flying level (Civil Engin.), a reconnoissance level over the
course of a projected road, canal, etc.
 -- Flying lizard. (Zoöl.) See Dragon, n, 6.
 -- Flying machine, an apparatus for navigating the air; a form of
balloon.
 -- Flying mouse (Zoöl.), the opossum mouse (Acrobates pygmæus), of
Australia.

Note: It has lateral folds of skin, like the flying squirrels.
 -- Flying party (Mil.), a body of soldiers detailed to hover about
an enemy.
 -- Flying phalanger (Zoöl.), one of several species of small
marsuupials of the genera Petaurus and Belideus, of Australia and New
Guinea, having lateral folds like those of the flying squirrels. The
sugar squirrel (B. sciureus), and the ariel (B. ariel), are the best
known; -- called also squirrel petaurus and flying squirrel. See
Sugar squirrel.
 -- Flying pinion, the fly of a clock.
 -- Flying sap (Mil.), the rapid construction of trenches (when the
enemy's fire of case shot precludes the method of simple trenching),
by means of gabions placed in juxtaposition and filled with earth.
 -- Flying shot, a shot fired at a moving object, as a bird on the
wing.
 -- Flying spider. (Zoöl.) See Ballooning spider.
 -- Flying squid (Zoöl.), an oceanic squid (Ommastrephes, or
Sthenoteuthis, Bartramii), abundant in the Gulf Stream, which is able
to leap out of the water with such force that it often falls on the
deck of a vessel.
 -- Flying squirrel (Zoöl.) See Flying squirrel, in the Vocabulary.
 -- Flying start, a start in a sailing race in which the signal is
given while the vessels are under way.
 -- Flying torch (Mil.), a torch attached to a long staff and used
for signaling at night.

FLYING BOAT
Flying boat.

Defn: A compact form of hydro-aëroplane having one central body, or
hull.

FLYING FISH
Fly"ing fish`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish which is able to leap from the water, and fly a
considerable distance by means of its large and long pectoral fins.
These fishes belong to several species of the genus Exocoetus, and
are found in the warmer parts of all the oceans.

FLYING SQUIRREL
Fly"ing squir"rel ( or ). (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of squirrels, of the genera Pteromus and
Sciuropterus, having parachute-like folds of skin extending from the
fore to the hind legs, which enable them to make very long leaps.

Note: The species of Pteromys are large, with bushy tails, and
inhabit southern Asia and the East Indies; those of Sciuropterus are
smaller, with flat tails, and inhabit the northern parts of Europe,
Asia, and America. The American species (Sciuropterus volucella) is
also called Assapan. The Australian flying squrrels, or flying
phalangers, are marsupials. See Flying phalanger (above).

FLYMAN
Fly"man, n.; pl. Flymen (-mn).

Defn: The driver of a fly, or light public carriage.

FLYSCH
Flysch (flsh), n. Etym: [A Swiss word, fr. G. fliessen to flow,
melt.] (Geol.)

Defn: A name given to the series of sandstones and schists overlying
the true nummulitic formation in the Alps, and included in the Eocene
Tertiary.

FLYSPECK
Fly"speck (fl'spk), n.

Defn: A speck or stain made by the excrement of a fly; hence, any
insignificant dot.

FLYSPECK
Fly"speck, v. t.

Defn: To soil with flyspecks.

FLYTRAP
Fly"trap, n.

1

Defn: . A trap for catching flies.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Dionæa muscipula), called also Venus's flytrap, the
leaves of which are fringed with stiff bristles, and fold together
when certain hairs on their upper surface are touched, thus seizing
insects that light on them. The insects so caught are afterwards
digested by a secretion from the upper surface of the leaves.

FNESE
Fnese, v. i. Etym: [AS. fnsan, gefnsan.]

Defn: To breathe heavily; to snort. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FO
Fo, n.

Defn: The Chinese name of Buddha.

FOAL
Foal, n. Etym: [OE. fole, AS. fola; akin to OHG. folo, G. fohlen,
Goth. fula, Icel. foli, Sw Lfle, Gr., L. pullus a young animal. Cf.
Filly, Poultry, Pullet.] (Zoö.)

Defn: The young of any animal of the Horse family (Equidæ); a colt; a
filly. Foal teeth (Zoöl.), the first set of teeth of a horse.
 -- In foal, With foal, being with young; pregnant; -- said of a mare
or she ass.

FOAL
Foal, v.t. [imp.& p.p. Foaled; p. pr. & vb. n. Foaling.]

Defn: To bring forth (a colt); -- said of a mare or a she ass.

FOAL
Foal, v.i.

Defn: To bring forth young, as an animal of the horse kind.

FOALFOOT
Foal"foot`, n.

Defn: (Bot.) See Coltsfoot.

FOAM
Foam, n. Etym: [OE. fam, fom, AS. fm; akin to OHG. & G. feim.]

Defn: The white substance, consisting of an aggregation of bubbles,
which is formed on the surface of liquids,or in the mouth of an
animal, by violent agitation or fermentation; froth; spume; scum; as,
the foam of the sea. Foam cock, in steam boilers, a cock at the water
level, to blow off impurities.

FOAM
Foam, v.i. [imp.& p.p. Foamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Foaming.] Etym: [AS.
fman. See Foam, n.]

1. To gather foam; to froth; as, the billows foam.
He foameth, and gnasheth with his teeth. Mark ix. 18.

2. To form foam, or become filled with foam; -- said of a steam
boiler when the water is unduly agitated and frothy, as because of
chemical action.

FOAM
Foam, v.t.

Defn: To cause to foam; as,to foam the goblet; also (with out), to
throw out with rage or violence, as foam. "Foaming out their own
shame." Jude 13.

FOAMINGLY
Foam"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With foam; frothily.

FOAMLESS
Foam"less, a.

Defn: Having no foam.

FOAMY
Foam"y, a.

Defn: Covered with foam; frothy; spumy.
Behold how high the foamy billows ride! Dryden.

FOB
Fob, n. Etym: [Cf.Prov. G. fuppe pocket.]

Defn: A little pocket for a watch. Fob chain, a short watch chain
worn a watch carried in the fob.

FOB
Fob, v.t. [imp. & p. p. Fobbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Fobbing.] Etym:
[Cf.Fop.]

1. To beat; to maul. [Obs.]

2. To cheat; to trick; to impose on. Shak. To fob off, to shift off
by an artifice; to put aside; to delude with a trick."A conspiracy of
bishops could prostrate and fob off the right of the people." Milton.

FOCAL
Fo"cal, a. Etym: [Cf.F. focal. See Focus.]

Defn: Belonging to,or concerning, a focus; as, a focal point. Focal
distance, or length,of a lens or mirror (Opt.), the distance of the
focus from the surface of the lens or mirror, or more exactly, in the
case of a lens, from its optical center. --Focal distance of a
telescope, the distance of the image of an object from the object
glass.

FOCALIZATION
Fo`cal*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of focalizing or bringing to a focus, or the state of
being focalized.

FOCALIZE
Fo"cal*ize, v. t. [imp.& p. p. Focalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Focalizing.]

Defn: To bring to a focus; to focus; to concentrate.
Light is focalized in the eye, sound in the ear. De Quincey.

FOCILLATE
Foc"il*late, v. t. Etym: [L. focilatus,p.p. of focillare.]

Defn: To nourish. [Obs.] Blount.

FOCILLATION
Foc`il*la"tion, n.

Defn: Comfort; support. [Obs.]

FOCIMETER
Fo*cim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Focus + -meter.]

Defn: (Photog.) An assisting instrument for focusing an object in or
before a camera. Knight.

FOCUS
Fo"cus, n.; pl. E. Focuses, L. Foci. Etym: [L. focus hearth,
fireplace; perh. akin to E. bake. Cf. Curfew, Fuel, Fusil the
firearm.]

1. (Opt.)

Defn: A point in which the rays of light meet, after being reflected
or refrcted, and at which the image is formed; as, the focus of a
lens or mirror.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A point so related to a conic section and certain straight line
called the directrix that the ratio of the distace between any point
of the curve and the focus to the distance of the same point from the
directrix is constant.

Note: Thus, in the ellipse FGHKLM, A is the focus and CD the
directrix, when the ratios FA:FE, GA:GD, MA:MC, etc., are all equal.
So in the hyperbola, A is the focus and CD the directrix when the
ratio HA:HK is constant for all points of the curve; and in the
parabola, A is the focus and CD the directrix when the ratio BA:BC is
constant. In the ellipse this ratio is less than unity, in the
parabola equal to unity, and in the hyperbola greater than unity. The
ellipse and hyperbola have each two foci, and two corresponding
directrixes, and the parabola has one focus and one directrix. In the
ellipse the sum of the two lines from any point of the curve to the
two foci is constant; that is: AG+GB=AH+HB; and in the hyperbola the
difference of the corresponding lines is constant. The diameter which
passes through the foci of the ellipse is the major axis. The
diameter which being produced passes through the foci of the
hyperbola is the transverse axis. The middle point of the major or
the transverse axis is the center of the curve. Certain other curves,
as the lemniscate and the Cartesian ovals, have points called foci,
possessing properties similar to those of the foci of conic sections.
In an ellipse, rays of light coming from one focus, and reflected
from the curve, proceed in lines directed toward the other; in an
hyperbola, in lines directed from the other; in a parabola, rays from
the focus, after reflection at the curve, proceed in lines parallel
to the axis. Thus rays from A in the ellipse are reflected to B; rays
from A in the hyperbola are reflected toward L and M away from B.

3. A central point; a point of concentration. Aplanatic focus. (Opt.)
See under Aplanatic.
 -- Conjugate focus (Opt.), the focus for rays which have a sensible
divergence, as from a near object; -- so called because the positions
of the object and its image are interchangeable.
 -- Focus tube (Phys.), a vacuum tube for Roentgen rays in which the
cathode rays are focused upon the anticathode, for intensifying the
effect.
 -- Principal, or Solar, focus (Opt.), the focus for parallel rays.

FOCUS
Fo"cus, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Focused; p. pr. & vb. n. Focusing.]

Defn: To bring to a focus; to focalize; as, to focus a camera. R.
Hunt.

FODDER
Fod"der, n. Etym: [See 1st Fother.]

Defn: A weight by which lead and some other metals were formerly
sold, in England, varying from 19 [Obs.]

FODDER
Fod"der, n. Etym: [AS. fdder, fddor, fodder (also sheath case), fr.
fda food; akin to D. voeder, OHG. fuotar, G. futter, Icel. fr, Sw. &
Dan. foder. sq. root75. See Food Land cf. Forage, Fur.]

Defn: That which is fed out to cattle horses, and sheep, as hay,
cornstalks, vegetables, etc.

FODDER
Fod"der, v.t. [imp.& p.p. Foddered (-drd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Foddering.]

Defn: To feed, as cattle, with dry food or cut grass, etc.;to furnish
with hay, straw, oats, etc.

FODDERER
Fod"der*er, n.

Defn: One who fodders cattle.

FODIENT
Fo"di*ent, a. Etym: [L. fodiens, p. pr. of fodere to dig.]

Defn: Fitted for, or pertaining to, digging.

FODIENT
Fo"di*ent, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Fodientia.

FODIENTIA
Fo`di*en"ti*a, n.pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. fodiens p. pr., digging.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of African edentates including the aard-vark.

FOE
Foe, n. Etym: [OE. fo, fa, AS. fh hostile; prob. akin to E. fiend.
sq. root81.]

Defn: See Fiend, and cf. Feud a quarrel.

1. One who entertains personal enmity, hatred, grudge, or malice,
against another; an enemy.
A man's foes shall be they of his own household. Matt. x. 36

2. An enemy in war; a hostile army.

3. One who opposes on principle; an opponent; an adversary; an ill-
wisher; as, a foe to religion.
A foe to received doctrines. I. Watts

FOE
Foe, v. t.

Defn: To treat as an enemy. [Obs.] Spenser.

FOEHN
Foehn, n. [G. dial. (Swiss), fr. L. Favonius west wind. Cf.
Favonian.] (Meteor.)
 (a) A warm dry wind that often blows in the northern valleys of the
Alps, due to the indraught of a storm center passing over Central
Europe. The wind, heated by compression in its descent from the
mountains, reaches the base, particularly in winter, dry and warm.
 (b) Any similar wind, as the chinook, in other parts of the world.

FOEHOOD
Foe"hood, n.

Defn: Enmity. Br. Bedell.

FOEMAN
Foe"man, n.; pl. Foemen (-men). Etym: [AS. fhman.]

Defn: An enemy in war.
And the stern joy which warriors feel In foemen worthy of their
steel. Sir W. Scott

FOETAL
Foe"tal, a.

Defn: Same as Fetal.

FOETATION
Foe*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Same as Fetation.

FOETICIDE
Foe"ti*cide, n.

Defn: Same as Feticide.

FOETOR
Foe"tor, n.

Defn: Same as Fetor.

FOETUS
Foe"tus, n.

Defn: Same as Fetus.

FOG
Fog, n. Etym: [Cf. Scot. fog, fouge, moss, foggag rank grass, LL.
fogagium, W. ffug dry grass.] (Agric.)
(a) A second growth of grass; aftergrass.
(b) Dead or decaying grass remaining on land through the winter; --
called also foggage. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell.

Note: Sometimes called, in New England, old tore. In Scotland, fog is
a general name for moss.

FOG
Fog, v. t.

Defn: (Agric.) To pasture cattle on the fog, or aftergrass, of; to
eat off the fog from.

FOG
Fog, v. i. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: To practice in a small or mean way; to pettifog. [Obs.]
Where wouldst thou fog to get a fee Dryden.

FOG
Fog, n. Etym: [Dan. sneefog snow falling thick, drift of snow,
driving snow, cf. Icel. fok spray, snowdrift, fj snowstorm, fjka to
drift.]

1. Watery vapor condensed in the lower part of the atmosphere and
disturbing its transparency. It differs from cloud only in being near
the ground, and from mist in not approaching so nearly to fine rain.
See Cloud.

2. A state of mental confusion. Fog alarm, Fog bell, Fog horn, etc.,
a bell, horn, whistle or other contrivance that sounds an alarm,
often automatically, near places of danger where visible signals
would be hidden in thick weather.
 -- Fog bank, a mass of fog resting upon the sea, and resembling
distant land.
 -- Fog ring, a bank of fog arranged in a circular form, -- often
seen on the coast of Newfoundland.

FOG
Fog, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fogged; p. pr. & vb. n. Fogging.]

Defn: To envelop, as with fog; to befog; to overcast; to darken; to
obscure.

FOG
Fog, v. i. (Photog.)

Defn: To show indistinctly or become indistinct, as the picture on a
negative sometimes does in the process of development.

FOG BELT
Fog belt.

Defn: A region of the ocean where fogs are of marked frequency, as
near the coast of Newfoundland.

FOGBOW
Fog"bow`, n.

Defn: A nebulous arch, or bow, of white or yellowish light sometimes
seen in fog, etc.

FOGE
Foge, n.

Defn: The Cornish name for a forge used for smelting tin. Raymond

FOGEY
Fogey, n.

Defn: See Fogy.

FOGGAGE
Foggage (; 48), n. (Agric.)

Defn: See 1st Fog.

FOGGER
Fogger, n.

Defn: One who fogs; a pettifogger. [Obs.]
A beggarly fogger. Terence in English(1614)

FOGGILY
Fog"gi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a foggy manner; obscurely. Johnson.

FOGGINESS
Fog"gi*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being foggy. Johnson.

FOGGY
Fog"gy, a. [Compar. Foggier; superl. Foggiest.] Etym: [From 4th Fog.]

1. Filled or abounding with fog, or watery exhalations; misty; as, a
foggy atmosphere; a foggy morning. Shak.

2. Beclouded; dull; obscure; as, foggy ideas.
Your coarse, foggy, drowsy conceit. Hayward.

FOGIE
Fo"gie, n.

Defn: See Fogy.

FOGLESS
Fog"less, a.

Defn: Without fog; clear. Kane.

FOGY
Fo"gy, n.; pl. Fogies (.

Defn: A dull old fellow; a person behind the times, over-
conservative, or slow; -- usually preceded by old. [Written also
fogie and fogey.] [Colloq.]
Notorious old bore; regular old fogy. Thackeray.

Note: The word is said to be connected with the German vogt, a guard
or protector. By others it is regareded as a diminutive of folk (cf.
D. volkje). It is defined by Jamieson, in his Scottish Dictionary, as
"an invalid or garrison soldier," and is applied to the old soldiers
of the Royal Hospital at Dublin, which is called the Fogies'
Hospital. In the fixed habits of such persons we see the origin of
the present use of the term. Sir F. Head.

FOGYISM
Fo"gy*ism, n.

Defn: The principles and conduct of a fogy. [Colloq.]

FOH
Foh, interj. Etym: [Cf. Faugh.]

Defn: An exclamation of abhorrence or contempt; poh; fle. Shak.

FOHIST
Fo"hist, n.

Defn: A Buddhist priest. See Fo.

FOIBLE
Foi"ble, a. Etym: [OF. foible. See Feeble.]

Defn: Weak; feeble. [Obs.] Lord Herbert.

FOIBLE
Foi"ble, n.

1. A moral weakness; a failing; a weak point; a frailty.
A disposition radically noble and generous, clouded and overshadowed
by superficial foibles. De Quincey.

2. The half of a sword blade or foil blade nearest the point; --
opposed to forte. [Written also faible.]

Syn.
 -- Fault; imperfection; failing; weakness; infirmity; frailty;
defect. See Fault.

FOIL
Foil (foil), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foiled (foild); p. pr. & vb. n.
Foiling.] Etym: [F. fouler to tread or trample under one's feet, to
press, oppress. See Full, v. t.]

1. To tread under foot; to trample.
King Richard . . . caused the ensigns of Leopold to be pulled down
and foiled under foot. Knoless.
Whom he did all to pieces breake and foyle, In filthy durt, and left
so in the loathely soyle. Spenser.

2. To render (an effort or attempt) vain or nugatory; to baffle; to
outwit; to balk; to frustrate; to defeat.
And by foiled. Dryden.
Her long locks that foil the painter's power. Byron.

3. To blunt; to dull; to spoil; as, to foil the scent in chase.
Addison.

FOIL
Foil, v. t. Etym: [See 6th File.]

Defn: To defile; to soil. [Obs.]

FOIL
Foil, n.

1. Failure of success when on the point of attainment; defeat;
frustration; miscarriage. Milton.
Nor e'er was fate so near a foil. Dryden.

2. A blunt weapon used in fencing, resembling a smallsword in the
main, but usually lighter and having a button at the point.
Blunt as the fencer's foils, which hit, but hurt not. Shak.
socrates contended with a foil against Demosthenes with a word.
Mitford.

3. The track or trail of an animal. To run a foil,to lead astray; to
puzzle; -- alluding to the habits of some animals of running back
over the same track to mislead their pursuers. Brewer.

FOIL
Foil, n. Etym: [OE. foil leaf, OF. foil, fuil, fueil, foille,
fueille, F. feuille, fr. L. folium, pl. folia; akin to Gr.blade. Cf.
Foliage, Folio.]

1. A leaf or very thin sheet of metal; as, brass foil; tin foil; gold
foil.

2. (Jewelry)

Defn: A thin leaf of sheet copper silvered and burnished, and
afterwards coated with transparent colors mixed with isinglass; --
employed by jewelers to give color or brilliancy to pastes and
inferior stones. Ure.

3. Anything that serves by contrast of color or quality to adorn or
set off another thing to advantage.
As she a black silk cap on him began To set, for foil of his milk-
white to serve. Sir P. Sidney.
Hector has a foil to set him off. Broome.

4. A thin coat of tin, with quicksilver, laid on the back of a
looking-glass, to cause reflection.

5. (Arch.)

Defn: The space between the cusps in Gothic architecture; a rounded
or leaflike ornament, in windows, niches, etc. A group of foils is
called trefoil, quatrefoil, quinquefoil, etc., according to the
number of arcs of which it is composed. Foil stone, an imitation of a
jewel or precious stone.

FOILABLE
Foil"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being foiled.

FOILER
Foil"er, n.

Defn: One who foils or frustrates. Johnson.

FOILING
Foil"ing, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A foil. Simmonds.

FOILING
Foil"ing, n. Etym: [Cf. F. foulées. See 1st Foil.] (Hunting)

Defn: The track of game (as deer) in the grass.

FOIN
Foin (foin), n. Etym: [F. fouine a marten.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The beech marten (Mustela foina). See Marten.

2. A kind of fur, black at the top on a whitish ground, taken from
the ferret or weasel of the same name.[Obs.]
He came to the stake in a fair black gown furred and faced with
foins. Fuller.

FOIN
Foin, v. i. Etym: [OE. foinen, foignen; of uncertain origin; cf.
dial. F. fouiner to push for eels with a spear, fr. F. fouine an
eelspear, perh. fr. L. fodere to dig, thrust.]

Defn: To thrust with a sword or spear; to lunge. [Obs.]
He stroke, he soused, he foynd, he hewed, he lashed. Spenser.
They lash, they foin, they pass, they strive to bore Their corselets,
and the thinnest parts explore. Dryden.

FOIN
Foin, v. t.

Defn: To prick; to stng. [Obs.] Huloet.

FOIN
Foin, n.

Defn: A pass in fencing; a lunge. [Obs.] Shak.

FOINERY
Foin"er*y, n.

Defn: Thrusting with the foil; fencing with the point, as
distinguished from broadsword play. [Obs.] Marston.

FOININGLY
Foin"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With a push or thrust. [Obs.]

FOISON
Foi"son, n. Etym: [F. foison, fr. L. fusio a pouring, effusion. See
Fusion.]

Defn: Rich harvest; plenty; abundance. [Archaic] Lowell.
That from the seedness the bare fallow brings To teeming foison.
Shak.

FOIST
Foist (foist), n. Etym: [OF. fuste stick, boat, fr. L. fustis cudgel.
Cf. 1st Fust.]

Defn: A light and fast-sailing ship. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

FOIST
Foist, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Foisting.] Etym:
[Cf. OD. vysten to fizzle, D. veesten, E. fizz, fitchet, bullfist.]

Defn: To insert surreptitiously, wrongfully, or without warrant; to
interpolate; to pass off (something spurious or counterfeit) as
genuine, true, or worthy; -- usually followed by in.
Lest negligence or partiality might admit or fois in abuses
corruption. R. Carew.
When a scripture has been corrupted . . . by a supposititious
foisting of some words in. South.

FOIST
Foist, n.

1. A foister; a sharper. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. A trick or fraud; a swindle. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

FOISTER
Foist"er, n.

Defn: One who foists something surreptitiously; a falsitier. Mir. for
Mag.

FOISTIED
Foist"ied, a. Etym: [See 2d Fust.]

Defn: Fusty. [Obs.]

FOISTINESS
Foist"i*ness, n.

Defn: Fustiness; mustiness. [Obs.]

FOISTY
Foist"y, a.

Defn: Fusty; musty. [Obs.] Johnson.

FOLD
Fold, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Folded; p. pr. & vb. n. Folding.] Etym:
[OE. folden, falden, AS. fealdan; akin to OHG. faltan, faldan, G.
falten, Icel. falda, Dan. folde, Sw. fålla, Goth. fal, cf. Gr.pu a
fold. Cf. Fauteuil.]

1. To lap or lay in plaits or folds; to lay one part over another
part of; to double; as, to fold cloth; to fold a letter.
As a vesture shalt thou fold them up. Heb. i. 12.

2. To double or lay together, as the arms or the hands; as, he folds
his arms in despair.

3. To inclose within folds or plaitings; to envelop; to infold; to
clasp; to embrace.
A face folded in sorrow. J. Webster.
We will descend and fold him in our arms. Shak.

4. To cover or wrap up; to conceal.
Nor fold my fault in cleanly coined excuses. Shak.

FOLD
Fold, v. i.

Defn: To become folded, plaited, or doubled; to close over another of
the same kind; to double together; as, the leaves of the door fold. 1
Kings vi. 34.

FOLD
Fold, n. Etym: [From Fold, v. In sense 2 AS. -feald, akin to fealdan
to fold.]

1. A doubling,esp. of any flexible substance; a part laid over on
another part; a plait; a plication.
Mummies . . . shrouded in a number of folds of linen. Bacon.
Folds are most common in the rocks of mountainous regions. J. D.
Dana.

2. Times or repetitions; -- used with numerals, chiefly in
composition, to denote multiplication or increase in a geometrical
ratio, the doubling, tripling, etc., of anything; as, fourfold, four
times, increased in a quadruple ratio, multiplied by four.

3. That which is folded together, or which infolds or envelops;
embrace.
Shall from your neck unloose his amorous fold. Shak.
Fold net, a kind of net used in catching birds.

FOLD
Fold, n. Etym: [OE. fald, fold, AS. fald, falod.]

1. An inclosure for sheep; a sheep pen.
Leaps o'er the fence with ease into the fold. Milton.

2. A flock of sheep; figuratively, the Church or a church; as,
Christ's fold.
There shall be one fold and one shepherd. John x. 16.
The very whitest lamb in all my fold. Tennyson.

3. A boundary; a limit. [Obs.] Creech.
Fold yard, an inclosure for sheep or cattle.

FOLD
Fold, v. t.

Defn: To confine in a fold, as sheep.

FOLD
Fold, v. i.

Defn: To confine sheep in a fold. [R.]
The star that bids the shepherd fold. Milton.

FOLDAGE
Fold"age, ( n. Etym: [See Fold inclosure, Faldage.] (O.Eng.Law.)

Defn: See Faldage.

FOLDER
Fold"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, folds; esp., a flat, knifelike
instrument used for folding paper.

FOLDEROL
Fol"de*rol`, n.

Defn: Nonsense. [Colloq.]

FOLDING
Fold"ing, n.

1. The act of making a fold or folds; also, a fold; a doubling; a
plication.
The lower foldings of the vest. Addison.

2. (Agric.)

Defn: The keepig of sheep in inclosures on arable land, etc. Folding
boat, a portable boat made by stretching canvas, etc., over jointed
framework, used in campaigning, and by tourists, etc. Ham. Nav.
Encyc. Folding chairFolding door, one of two or more doors filling a
single and hung upon hinges.

FOLDLESS
Fold"less, a.

Defn: Having no fold. Milman.

FOLIACEOUS
Fo`li*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. foliaceus, fr. folium leaf.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to, or having the texture or nature of, a leaf;
having leaves intermixed with flowers; as, a foliaceous spike.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Consisting of leaves or thin laminæ; having the form of a leaf
or plate; as, foliaceous spar.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Leaflike in form or mode of growth; as, a foliaceous coral.

FOLIAGE
Fo"li*age, n. Etym: [OF. foillage, fueillage, F. feuillage, fr. OF.
foille, fueille, fueil, F. feulle, leaf, L. folium. See 3d Foil, and
cf. Foliation, Filemot.]

1. Leaves, collectively, as produced or arranged by nature; leafage;
as, a tree or forest of beautiful foliage.

2. A cluster of leaves, flowers, and branches; especially, the
representation of leaves, flowers, and branches, in architecture,
intended to ornament and enrich capitals, friezes, pediments, etc.
Foliage plant (Bot.), any plant cultivated for the beauty of its
leaves, as many kinds of Begonia and Coleus.

FOLIAGE
Fo"li*age, v. t.

Defn: To adorn with foliage or the imitation of foliage; to form into
the representation of leaves. [R.] Drummond.

FOLIAGED
Fo"li*aged, a.

Defn: Furnished with foliage; leaved; as, the variously foliaged
mulberry.

FOLIAR
Fo"li*ar, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Consisting of, or pertaining to, leaves; as, foliar appendages.
Foliar gap (Bot.), an opening in the fibrovascular system of a stem
at the point of origin of a leaf.
 -- Foliar trace (Bot.), a particular fibrovascular bundle passing
down into the stem from a leaf.

FOLIATE
Fo"li*ate (, a. Etym: [L. foliatus leaved, leafy, fr. folium leaf.
See Foliage.] (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with leaves; leafy; as, a foliate stalk. Foliate
curve. (Geom.) Same as Folium.

FOLIATE
Fo"li*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foliated; p. pr. & vb. n. Foliating.]

1. To beat into a leaf, or thin plate. Bacon.

2. To spread over with a thin coat of tin and quicksilver; as, to
foliate a looking-glass.

FOLIATED
Fo"li*a`ted, a.

1. Having leaves, or leaflike projections; as, a foliated shell.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Containing, or consisting of, foils; as, a foliated arch.

3. (Min.)

Defn: Characterized by being separable into thin plates or folia; as,
graphite has a foliated structure.

4. (Geol.)

Defn: Laminated, but restricted to the variety of laminated structure
found in crystalline schist, as mica schist, etc.; schistose.

5. Spread over with an amalgam of tin and quicksilver. Foliated
telluium. (Min.) See Nagyagite.

FOLIATION
Fo"li*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. foliation.]

1. The process of forming into a leaf or leaves.

2. The manner in which the young leaves are dispo
The . . . foliation must be in relation to the stem. De Quincey.

3. The act of beating a metal into a thin plate, leaf, foil, or
lamina.

4. The act of coating with an amalgam of tin foil and quicksilver, as
in making looking-glasses.

5. (Arch.)

Defn: The enrichment of an opening by means of foils, arranged in
trefoils, quatrefoils, etc.; also, one of the ornaments. See Tracery.

6. (Geol.)

Defn: The property, possessed by some crystalline rocks, of dividing
into plates or slabs, which is due to the cleavage structure of one
of the constituents, as mica or hornblende. It may sometimes include
slaty structure or cleavage, though the latter is usually independent
of any mineral constituent, and transverse to the bedding, it having
been produced by pressure.

FOLIATURE
Fo"li*a*ture, n. Etym: [L. foliatura foliage.]

Defn: 1. Foliage; leafage. [Obs.] Shuckford.

2. The state of being beaten into foil. Johnson.

FOLIER
Fo"li*er, n.

Defn: Goldsmith's foil. [R.] Sprat.

FOLIFEROUS
Fo*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. folium leaf+ -ferous: cf. F. foliifère.]

Defn: Producing leaves. [Written also foliiferous.]

FOLILY
Fol"i*ly, a.

Defn: Foolishly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FOLIO
Fol"io, n.; pl. Folios. Etym: [Ablative of L. folium leaf. See 4th
Foil.]

1. A leaf of a book or manuscript.

2. A sheet of paper once folded.

3. A book made of sheets of paper each folded once (four pages to the
sheet); hence, a book of the largest kind. See Note under Paper.

4. (Print.)

Defn: The page number. The even folios are on the left-hand pages and
the odd folios on the right-hand.

5. A page of a book; (Bookkeeping) a page in an account book;
sometimes, two opposite pages bearing the same serial number.

6. (Law)

Defn: A leaf containing a certain number of words, hence, a certain
number of words in a writing, as in England, in law proceedings 72,
and in chancery, 90; in New York, 100 words. Folio post, a flat
writing paper, usually 17 by 24 inches.

FOLIO
Folio, v. t.

Defn: To put a serial number on each folio or page of (a book); to
page.

FOLIO
Folio, a.

Defn: Formed of sheets each folded once, making two leaves, or four
pages; as, a folio volume. See Folio, n., 3.

FOLIOLATE
Fo"li*o*late, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to leaflets; -- used in composition; as, bi-
foliolate. Gray.

FOLIOLE
Fo"li*ole, n. Etym: [Dim. of L. folium leaf: cf. F. foliole.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the distinct parts of a compound leaf; a leaflet.

FOLIOMORT
Fo`li*o*mort", a.

Defn: See Feuillemort.

FOLIOSE
Fo`li*ose", a. Etym: [L. foliosus, fr. folium leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having many leaves; leafy.

FOLIOSITY
Fo`li*os"i*ty, n.

Defn: The ponderousness or bulk of a folio; voluminousness. [R.] De
Quincey.

FOLIOUS
Fo"li*ous (, a. Etym: [See Foliose.]

1. Like a leaf; thin; unsubstantial. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Foliose. [R.]

FOLIUM
Fo"li*um, n.; pl. E. Foliums, L. Folia. Etym: [L., a leaf.]

1. A leaf, esp. a thin leaf or plate.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A curve of the third order, consisting of two infinite
branches, which have a common asymptote. The curve has a double
point, and a leaf-shaped loop; whence the name. Its equation is x3 +
y3 = axy.

FOLK; FOLKS
Folk, Folks, n. collect. & pl. Etym: [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS.
& OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd,
and perh. to E. follow.]

1. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or
villages; a community; a tribe. [Obs.]
The organization of each folk, as such, sprang mainly from war. J. R.
Green.

2. People in general, or a separate class of people; -- generally
used in the plural form, and often with a qualifying adjective; as,
the old folks; poor folks. [Colloq.]
In winter's tedious nights, sit by the fire With good old folks, and
let them tell thee tales. Shak.

3. The persons of one's own family; as, our folks are all well.
[Colloq. New Eng.] Bartlett. Folk song, one of a class of songs long
popular with the common people.
 -- Folk speech, the speech of the common people, as distinguished
from that of the educated class.

FOLKETHING
Fol"ke*thing`, n. [Dan. See Folk, and Thing.]

Defn: The lower house of the Danish Rigsdag, or Parliament. See
Legislature, below.

FOLKLAND
Folk"land`, n. Etym: [AS. folcland.] (O.Eng. Law)

Defn: Land held in villenage, being distributed among the folk, or
people, at the pleasure of the lord of the manor, and resumed at his
discretion. Not being held by any assurance in writing, it was
opposed to bookland or charter land, which was held by deed. Mozley &
W.

FOLKLORE; FOLK LORE
Folk"lore`, n., or; Folk" lore`

Defn: . Tales, legends, or superstitions long current among the
people. Trench.

FOLKMOTE
Folk"mote`, n. Etym: [AS. folcm folk meeting.]

Defn: An assembly of the people; esp. (Sax. Law),

Defn: a general assembly of the people to consider and order matters
of the commonwealth; also, a local court. [Hist.]
To which folkmote they all with one consent Agreed to travel.
Spenser.

FOLKMOTER
Folk"mot`er, n.

Defn: One who takes part in a folkmote, or local court. [Obs.]
Milton.

FOLLICLE
Fol"li*cle, n. Etym: [L. folliculus a small bag, husk, pod, dim of
follis bellows, an inflated ball, a leathern money bag, perh. akin to
E. bellows: cf. F. follicule. Cf. 2d Fool.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A simple podlike pericarp which contains several seeds and
opens along the inner or ventral suture, as in the peony, larkspur
and milkweed.

2. (Anat.)
(a) A small cavity, tubular depression, or sac; as, a hair follicle.
(b) A simple gland or glandular cavity; a crypt.
(c) A small mass of adenoid tissue; as, a lymphatic follicle.

FOLLICULAR
Fol*lic"u*lar, a.

1. Like, pertaining to, or consisting of, a follicles or follicles.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Affecting the follicles; as, follicular pharyngitis.

FOLLICULATED
Fol*lic"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: Having follicles.

FOLLICULOUS
Fol*lic"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. folliculosus full of husks: cf. F.
folliculeux.]

Defn: Having or producing follicles.

FOLLIFUL
Fol"li*ful, a.

Defn: Full of folly. [Obs.]

FOLLOW
Fol"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Followed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Following.]Etym: [OE. foluwen, folwen, folgen, AS. folgian, fylgean,
fylgan; akin to D. volgen, OHG. folg, G. folgen, Icel. fylgja, Sw.
följa, Dan. fölge, and perh. to E. folk.]

1. To go or come after; to move behind in the same path or direction;
hence, to go with (a leader, guide, etc.); to accompany; to attend.
It waves me forth again; I'll follow it. Shak.

2. To endeavor to overtake; to go in pursuit of; to chase; to pursue;
to prosecute.
I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians, and they shall follow
them. Ex. xiv. 17.

3. To accept as authority; to adopt the opinions of; to obey; to
yield to; to take as a rule of action; as, to follow good advice.
Approve the best, and follow what I approve. Milton.
Follow peace with all men. Heb. xii. 14.
It is most agreeable to some men to follow their reason; and to
others to follow their appetites. J. Edwards.

4. To copy after; to take as an example.
We had rather follow the perfections of them whom we like not, than
in defects resemble them whom we love. Hooker.

5. To succeed in order of time, rank, or office.

6. To result from, as an effect from a cause, or an inference from a
premise.

7. To watch, as a receding object; to keep the eyes fixed upon while
in motion; to keep the mind upon while in progress, as a speech,
musical performance, etc.; also, to keep up with; to understand the
meaning, connection, or force of, as of a course of thought or
argument.
He followed with his eyes the flitting shade. Dryden.

8. To walk in, as a road or course; to attend upon closely, as a
profession or calling.
O, had I but followed the arts! Shak.
O Antony! I have followed thee to this. Shak.
Follow board (Founding), a board on which the pattern and the flask
lie while the sand is rammed into the flask. Knight.
 -- To follow the hounds, to hunt with dogs.
 -- To follow suit (Card Playing), to play a card of the same suit as
the leading card; hence, colloquially, to follow an example set.
 -- To follow up, to pursue indefatigably.

Syn.- To pursue; chase; go after; attend; accompany; succeed;
imitate; copy; embrace; maintain. - To Follow, Pursue. To follow
(v.t.) denotes simply to go after; to pursue denotes to follow with
earnestness, and with a view to attain some definite object; as, a
hound pursues the deer. So a person follows a companion whom he
wishes to overtake on a journey; the officers of justice pursue a
felon who has escaped from prison.

FOLLOW
Fol"low, v. i.

Defn: To go or come after; -- used in the various senses of the
transitive verb: To pursue; to attend; to accompany; to be a result;
to imitate.

Syn.- To Follow, Succeed, Ensue. To follow (v.i.) means simply to
come after; as, a crowd followed. To succeed means to come after in
some regular series or succession; as, day succeeds to day, and night
to night. To ensue means to follow by some established connection or
principle of sequence. As wave follows wave, revolution succeeds to
revolution; and nothing ensues but accumulated wretchedness.

FOLLOWER
Fol"low*er, n. Etym: [OE. folwere, AS. folgere.]

Defn: 1. One who follows; a pursuer; an attendant; a disciple; a
dependent associate; a retainer.

2. A sweetheart; a beau. [Colloq.] A. Trollope.

3. (Steam Engine)
(a) The removable flange, or cover, of a piston. See Illust. of
Piston.
(b) A gland. See Illust. of Stuffing box.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: The part of a machine that receives motion from another part.
See Driver.

5. Among law stationers, a sheet of parchment or paper which is added
to the first sheet of an indenture or other deed.

Syn.
 -- Imitator; copier; disciple; adherent; partisan; dependent;
attendant.

FOLLOWING
Fol"low*ing, n.

1. One's followers, adherents, or dependents, collectively. Macaulay.

2. Vocation; business; profession.

FOLLOWING
Fol"low*ing, a.

1. Next after; succeeding; ensuing; as, the assembly was held on the
following day.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: (In the field of a telescope) In the direction from which stars
are apparently moving (in consequence of the erth's rotation); as, a
small star, north following or south following. In the direction
toward which stars appear to move is called preceding.

Note: The four principal directions in the field of a telescope are
north, south, following, preceding.

FOLLOWING EDGE
Following edge. (Aëronautics)

Defn: See Advancing-edge, above.

FOLLOWING SURFACE
Following surface. (Aëronautics)

Defn: See Advancing-surface, above.

FOLLY
Fol"ly, n.; pl. Follies. Etym: [OE. folie, foli, F. folie, fr. fol,
fou, foolish, mad. See Fool.]

1. The state of being foolish; want of good sense; levity, weakness,
or derangement of mind.

2. A foolish act; an inconsiderate or thoughtless procedure; weak or
light-minded conduct; foolery.
What folly 'tis to hazard life for ill. Shak.

3. Scandalous crime; sin; specifically, as applied to a woman,
wantonness.
[Achan] wrought folly in Israel. Josh. vii. 15.
When lovely woman stoops to folly. Goldsmith.

4. The result of a foolish action or enterprise.
It is called this man's or that man's "folly," and name of the
foolish builder is thus kept alive for long after years. Trench.

FOLWE
Fol"we, v. t.

Defn: To follow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FOMALHAUT
Fo"mal*haut`, n. [AFomalhaut.] (Astron.)

Defn: A star of the first magnitude, in the constellation Piscis
Australis, or Southern Fish.

FOMENT
Fo*ment", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fomented; p. pr. & vb. n. Fomenting.]
Etym: [F. fomenter, fr. L. fomentare, fr. fomentum (for fovimentum) a
warm application or lotion, fr. fovere to warm or keep warm; perh.
akin to Gr. bake.]

1. To apply a warm lotion to; to bathe with a cloth or sponge wet
with warm water or medicated liquid.

2. To cherish with heat; to foster. [Obs.]
Which these soft fires . . . foment and warm. Milton.

3. To nurse to life or activity; to cherish and promote by
excitements; to encourage; to abet; to instigate; -- used often in a
bad sense; as, to foment ill humors. Locke.
But quench the choler you foment in vain. Dryden.
Exciting and fomenting a religious rebellion. Southey.

FOMENTATION
Fo`men*ta"tion, n. [fomentatio: cf. F. fomentation.]

1. (Med.)
(a) The act of fomenting; the application of warm, soft, medicinal
substances, as for the purpose of easing pain, by relaxing the skin,
or of discussing tumors.
(b) The lotion applied to a diseased part.

2. Excitation; instigation; encouragement.
Dishonest fomentation of your pride. Young.

FOMENTER
Fo*ment"er, n.

Defn: One who foments; one who encourages or instigates; as, a
fomenter of sedition.

FOMES
Fo"mes, n.; pl. Fomites. Etym: [L. fomes, -itis, touch-wood, tinder.]
(Med.)

Defn: Any substance supposed to be capable of absorbing, retaining,
and transporting contagious or infectious germs; as, woolen clothes
are said to be active fomites.

FON
Fon, n. Etym: [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. fani silly, fana to act
silly, Sw. fåne fool. Cf. Fond, a.]

Defn: A fool; an idiot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FOND
Fond, obs.

Defn: imp. of Find. Found. Chaucer.

FOND
Fond, a. [Compar. Fonder; superl. Fondest.] Etym: [For fonned, p. p.
of OE. fonnen to be foolish. See Fon.]

1. Foolish; silly; simple; weak. [Archaic]
Grant I may never prove so fond To trust man on his oath or bond.
Shak.

2. Foolishly tender and loving; weakly indulgent; over-affectionate.

3. Affectionate; loving; tender; -- in a good sense; as, a fond
mother or wife. Addison.

4. Loving; much pleased; affectionately regardful, indulgent, or
desirous; longing or yearning; -- followed by of (formerly also by
on).
More fond on her than she upon her love. Shak.
You are as fond of grief as of your child. Shak.
A great traveler, and fond of telling his adventures. Irving.

5. Doted on; regarded with affection. [R.]
Nor fix on fond abodes to circumscribe thy prayer. Byron.

6. Trifling; valued by folly; trivial. [Obs.] Shak.

FOND
Fond, v. t.

Defn: To caress; to fondle. [Obs.]
The Tyrian hugs and fonds thee on her breast. Dryden.

FOND
Fond, v. i.

Defn: To be fond; to dote. [Obs.] Shak.

FONDANT
Fon"dant (fon"dant; Fr. fôN`däN"), n. [F., lit., melting, p. pr. of
fondre to melt, L. fundere. See Found to cast.]

Defn: A kind of soft sweetmeat made by boiling solutions to the point
of crystallization, usually molded; as, cherry fondant.

FONDE
Fond"e, v. t. & i. Etym: [AS. fandian to try.]

Defn: To endeavor; to strive; to try. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FONDLE
Fon"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fondled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fondling.]
Etym: [From Fond, v.]

Defn: To treat or handle with tenderness or in a loving manner; to
caress; as, a nurse fondles a child.

Syn.- See Caress.

FONDLER
Fon"dler, n.

Defn: One who fondles. Johnson.

FONDLING
Fon"dling, n. Etym: [From Fondle.]

Defn: The act of caressing; manifestation of tenderness.
Cyrus made no . . . amorous fondling To fan her pride, or melt her
guardless heart. Mickle.

FONDLING
Fond"ling, n. Etym: [Fond + -ling.]

1. A person or thing fondled or caressed; one treated with foolish or
doting affection.
Fondlings are in danger to be made fools. L'Estrange.

2. A fool; a simpleton; a ninny. [Obs.] Chapman.

FONDLY
Fond"ly, adv.

1. Foolishly. [Archaic] Verstegan (1673).
Make him speak fondly like a frantic man. Shak.

2. In a fond manner; affectionately; tenderly.
My heart, untarveled, fondly turns to thee. Goldsmith.

FONDNESS
Fond"ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being fond; foolishness. [Obs.]
Fondness it were for any, being free, To covet fetters, though they
golden be. Spenser.

2. Doting affection; tender liking; strong appetite, propensity, or
relish; as, he had a fondness for truffles.
My heart had still some foolish fondness for thee. Addison.

Syn.- Attachment; affection; love; kindness.

FONDON
Fon"don, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fondant flux.] (Metal.)

Defn: A large copper vessel used for hot amalgamation.

FONDU
Fon`du" (fon"dus"), a. [F. fondu, p.p. of fondre to melt, blend. See
Found to cast.]

Defn: Blended; passing into each other by subtle gradations; -- said
of colors or of the surface or material on which the colors are laid.

FONDUE; FONDU
Fon`due", n. [Also erroneously Fon`du".] [F. See Fondu; cf. Fondant.]
(Cookery)

Defn: A dish made of cheese, eggs, butter, etc., melted together.

FONDUS
Fon`dus", n. Etym: [F. fondu, prop. p.p. of fondre to melt, blend.
See Found to cast.]

Defn: A style of printing calico, paper hangings, etc., in which the
colors are in bands and graduated into each other. Ure.

FONE
Fone, n.;

Defn: pl. of Foe. [Obs.] Spenser.

FONGE
Fong"e, v. t. Etym: [See Fang, v. t.]

Defn: To take; to receive. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FONLY
Fon"ly, adv. Etym: [See Fon.]

Defn: Foolishly; fondly. [Obs.] Spenser.

FONNE
Fon"ne, n.

Defn: A fon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FONT
Font, n. Etym: [F. fonte, fr. fondre to melt or cast. See Found to
cast, and cf. Fount a font.] (Print.)

Defn: A complete assortment of printing type of one size, including a
due proportion of all the letters in the alphabet, large and small,
points, accents, and whatever else is necessary for printing with
that variety of types; a fount.

FONT
Font, n. Etym: [AS. font, fant, fr. L. fons, fontis, spring,
fountain; cf. OF. font, funt, F. fonts, fonts baptismaux, pl. See
Fount.]

1. A fountain; a spring; a source.
Bathing forever in the font of bliss. Young.

2. A basin or stone vessel in which water is contained for baptizing.
That name was given me at the font. Shak.

FONTAL
Font"al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a font, fountain, source, or origin; original;
primitive. [R.]
From the fontal light of ideas only can a man draw intellectual
power. Coleridge.

FONTANEL
Fon"ta*nel`, n. Etym: [F. fontanelle, prop., a little fountain, fr.
fontaine fountain. See Fountain.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: An issue or artificial ulcer for the discharge of humors from
the body.[Obs.] Wiseman.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the membranous intervals between the incompleted angles
of the parietal and neighboring bones of a fetal or young skull; --
so called because it exhibits a rhythmical pulsation.

Note: In the human fetus there are six fontanels, of which the
anterior, or bregmatic, situated at the junction of the coronal and
sagittal sutures, is much the largest, and remains open a
considerable time after birth.

FONTANELLE
Fon`ta`nelle", n. Etym: [F.] (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Fontanel, 2.

FONTANGE
Fon`tange", n. Etym: [F., from the name of the first wearer, Mlle. de
Fontanges, about 1679.]

Defn: A kind of tall headdress formerly worn. Addison.

FOOD
Food, n. Etym: [OE. fode, AS. foda; akin to Icel. fæ\'eba, fæ\'ebi,
Sw. föda, Dan. & LG. föde, OHG. fatunga, Gr. patei^sthai to eat, and
perh. to Skr. pa to protect, L. pascere to feed, pasture, pabulum
food, E. pasture. *75. Cf. Feed, Fodder food, Foster to cherish.]

1. What is fed upon; that which goes to support life by being
received within, and assimilated by, the organism of an animal or a
plant; nutriment; aliment; especially, what is eaten by animals for
nourishment.

Note: In a physiological sense, true aliment is to be distinguished
as that portion of the food which is capable of being digested and
absorbed into the blood, thus furnishing nourishment, in distinction
from the indigestible matter which passes out through the alimentary
canal as fæces.

Note: Foods are divided into two main groups: nitrogenous, or
proteid, foods, i.e., those which contain nitrogen, and
nonnitrogenous, i.e., those which do not contain nitrogen. The latter
group embraces the fats and carbohydrates, which collectively are
sometimes termed heat producers or respiratory foods, since by
oxidation in the body they especially subserve the production of
heat. The proteids, on the other hand, are known as plastic foods or
tissue formers, since no tissue can be formed without them. These
latter terms, however, are misleading, since proteid foods may also
give rise to heat both directly and indirectly, and the fats and
carbohydrates are useful in other ways than in producing heat.

2. Anything that instructs the intellect, excites the feelings, or
molds habits of character; that which nourishes.
This may prove food to my displeasure. Shak.
In this moment there is life and food For future years. Wordsworth.

Note: Food is often used adjectively or in self-explaining compounds,
as in food fish or food-fish, food supply. Food vacuole (Zoöl.), one
of the spaces in the interior of a protozoan in which food is
contained, during digestion.
 -- Food yolk. (Biol.) See under Yolk.

Syn.
 -- Aliment; sustenance; nutriment; feed; fare; victuals; provisions;
meat.

FOOD
Food, v. t.

Defn: To supply with food. [Obs.] Baret.

FOODFUL
Food"ful, a.

Defn: Full of food; supplying food; fruitful; fertile. "The foodful
earth." Dryden.
Bent by its foodful burden [the corn]. Glover.

FOODLESS
Food"less, a.

Defn: Without food; barren. Sandys.

FOODY
Food"y, a.

Defn: Eatable; fruitful. [R.] Chapman.

FOOL
Fool, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fouler to tread, crush. Cf. 1st Foil.]

Defn: A compound of gooseberries scalded and crushed, with cream; --
commonly called gooseberry fool.

FOOL
Fool, n. Etym: [OE. fol, n. & adj., F. fol, fou, foolish, mad; a
fool, prob. fr. L. follis a bellows, wind bag, an inflated ball;
perh. akin to E. bellows. Cf. Folly, Follicle.]

1. One destitute of reason, or of the common powers of understanding;
an idiot; a natural.

2. A person deficient in intellect; one who acts absurdly, or pursues
a course contrary to the dictates of wisdom; one without judgment; a
simpleton; a dolt.
Extol not riches, then, the toil of fools. Milton.
Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other.
Franklin.

3. (Script.)

Defn: One who acts contrary to moral and religious wisdom; a wicked
person.
The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. Ps. xiv. 1.

4. One who counterfeits folly; a professional jester or buffoon; a
retainer formerly kept to make sport, dressed fantastically in
motley, with ridiculous accouterments.
Can they think me . . . their fool or jester Milton.
April fool, Court fool, etc. See under April, Court, etc.
 -- Fool's cap, a cap or hood to which bells were usually attached,
formerly worn by professional jesters.
 -- Fool's errand, an unreasonable, silly, profitless adventure or
undertaking.
 -- Fool's gold, iron or copper pyrites, resembling gold in color.
 -- Fool's paradise, a name applied to a limbo (see under Limbo)
popularly believed to be the region of vanity and nonsense. Hence,
any foolish pleasure or condition of vain self-satistaction.
 -- Fool's parsley (Bot.), an annual umbelliferous plant (Æthusa
Cynapium) resembling parsley, but nauseous and poisonous.
 -- To make a fool of, to render ridiculous; to outwit; to shame.
[Colloq.] -- To play the fool, to act the buffoon; to act a foolish
part. "I have played the fool, and have erred exceedingly." 1 Sam.
xxvi. 21.

FOOL
Fool, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fooled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fooling.]

Defn: To play the fool; to trifle; to toy; to spend time in idle
sport or mirth.
Is this a time for fooling Dryden.

FOOL
Fool, v. t.

1. To infatuate; to make foolish. Shak.
For, fooled with hope, men favor the deceit. Dryden.

2. To use as a fool; to deceive in a shameful or mortifying manner;
to impose upon; to cheat by inspiring foolish confidence; as, to fool
one out of his money.
You are fooled, discarded, and shook off By him for whom these shames
ye underwent. Shak.
To fool away, to get rid of foolishly; to spend in trifles, idleness,
folly, or without advantage.

FOOLAHS
Foo"lahs`, n. pl.; sing. Foolah. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Same as Fulahs.

FOOL-BORN
Fool"-born`, a.

Defn: Begotten by a fool. Shak.

FOOLERY
Fool"er*y, n.; pl. Fooleries (.

1. The practice of folly; the behavior of a fool; absurdity.
Folly in fools bears not so strong a note, As foolery in the wise,
when wit doth dote. Shak.

2. An act of folly or weakness; a foolish practice; something absurd
or nonsensical.
That Pythagoras, Plato, or Orpheus, believed in any of these
fooleries, it can not be suspected. Sir W. Raleigh.

FOOLFISH
Fool"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The orange filefish. See Filefish.
(b) The winter flounder. See Flounder.

FOOL-HAPPY
Fool"-hap`py, a.

Defn: Lucky, without judgment or contrivance. [Obs.] Spenser.

FOOLHARDIHOOD
Fool"har`di*hood, n.

Defn: The state of being foolhardy; foolhardiness.

FOOLHARDILY
Fool"har`di*ly, adv.

Defn: In a foolhardy manner.

FOOLHARDINESS
Fool"har`di*ness, n.

Defn: Courage without sense or judgment; foolish rashness;
recklessness. Dryden.

FOOLHARDISE
Fool"har`dise, n. Etym: [Fool, F. fol, fou + F. hardiesse boldness.]

Defn: Foolhardiness. [Obs.] Spenser.

FOOLHARDY
Fool"har`dy, a. Etym: [OF. folhardi. See Fool idiot, and Hardy.]

Defn: Daring without judgment; foolishly adventurous and bold.
Howell.

Syn.
 -- Rash; venturesome; venturous; precipitate; reckless; headlong;
incautious. See Rash.

FOOL-HASTY
Fool"-has`ty, a.

Defn: Foolishly hasty. [R.]

FOOLIFY
Fool"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [Fool + -fy.]

Defn: To make a fool of; to befool. [R.] Holland.

FOOLISH
Fool"ish, a.

1. Marked with, or exhibiting, folly; void of understanding; weak in
intellect; without judgment or discretion; silly; unwise.
I am a very foolish fond old man. Shak.

2. Such as a fool would do; proceeding from weakness of mind or
silliness; exhibiting a want of judgment or discretion; as, a foolish
act.

3. Absurd; ridiculous; despicable; contemptible.
A foolish figure he must make. Prior.

Syn.
 -- Absurd; shallow; shallow-brained; brainless; simple; irrational;
unwise; imprudent; indiscreet; incautious; silly; ridiculous; vain;
trifling; contemptible. See Absurd.

FOOLISHLY
Fool"ish*ly, adv.

Defn: In a foolish manner.

FOOLISHNESS
Fool"ish*ness, n.

1. The quality of being foolish.

2. A foolish practice; an absurdity.
The preaching of the cross is to them that perish foolishness. 1 Cor.
i. 18.

FOOL-LARGE
Fool"-large`, a. Etym: [OF. follarge. See Fool, and Large.]

Defn: Foolishly liberal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FOOL-LARGESSE
Fool"-lar*gesse`, n. Etym: [See Fool-large, Largess.]

Defn: Foolish expenditure; waste. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FOOLSCAP
Fools"cap`, n. Etym: [So called from the watermark of a fool's cap
and bells used by old paper makers. See Fool's cap, under Fool.]

Defn: A writing paper made in sheets, ordinarily 16 x 13 inches, and
folded so as to make a page 13 x 8 inches. See Paper.

FOOT
Foot, n.; pl. Feet. Etym: [OE. fot, foot, pl. feet. AS. f, pl. f;
akin to D. voet, OHG. fuoz, G. fuss, Icel. f, Sw. fot, Dan. fod,
Goth. f, L. pes, Gr. pad, Icel. fet step, pace measure of a foot,
feta to step, find one's way. *77, 250. Cf. Antipodes, Cap-a-pie,
Expedient, Fet to fetch, Fetlock, Fetter, Pawn a piece in chess,
Pedal.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The terminal part of the leg of man or an animal; esp., the
part below the ankle or wrist; that part of an animal upon which it
rests when standing, or moves. See Manus, and Pes.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The muscular locomotive organ of a mollusk. It is a median
organ arising from the ventral region of body, often in the form of a
flat disk, as in snails. See Illust. of Buccinum.

3. That which corresponds to the foot of a man or animal; as, the
foot of a table; the foot of a stocking.

4. The lowest part or base; the ground part; the bottom, as of a
mountain or column; also, the last of a row or series; the end or
extremity, esp. if associated with inferiority; as, the foot of a
hill; the foot of the procession; the foot of a class; the foot of
the bed.
And now at foot Of heaven's ascent they lift their feet. Milton.

5. Fundamental principle; basis; plan; -- used only in the singular.
Answer directly upon the foot of dry reason. Berkeley.

6. Recognized condition; rank; footing; -- used only in the singular.
[R.]
As to his being on the foot of a servant. Walpole.

7. A measure of length equivalent to twelve inches; one third of a
yard. See Yard.

Note: This measure is supposed to be taken from the length of a man's
foot. It differs in length in different countries. In the United
States and in England it is 304.8 millimeters.

8. (Mil.)

Defn: Soldiers who march and fight on foot; the infantry, usually
designated as the foot, in distinction from the cavalry. "Both horse
and foot." Milton.

9. (Pros.)

Defn: A combination of syllables consisting a metrical element of a
verse, the syllables being formerly distinguished by their quantity
or length, but in modern poetry by the accent.

10. (Naut.)

Defn: The lower edge of a sail.

Note: Foot is often used adjectively, signifying of or pertaining to
a foot or the feet, or to the base or lower part. It is also much
used as the first of compounds. Foot artillery. (Mil.) (a) Artillery
soldiers serving in foot. (b) Heavy artillery. Farrow.
 -- Foot bank (Fort.), a raised way within a parapet.
 -- Foot barracks (Mil.), barracks for infantery.
 -- Foot bellows, a bellows worked by a treadle. Knight.
 -- Foot company (Mil.), a company of infantry. Milton.
 -- Foot gear, covering for the feet, as stocking, shoes, or boots.
 -- Foot hammer (Mach.), a small tilt hammer moved by a treadle.
 -- Foot iron. (a) The step of a carriage. (b) A fetter.
 -- Foot jaw. (Zoöl.) See Maxilliped.
 -- Foot key (Mus.), an organ pedal.
 -- Foot level (Gunnery), a form of level used in giving any proposed
angle of elevation to a piece of ordnance. Farrow.
 -- Foot mantle, a long garment to protect the dress in riding; a
riding skirt. [Obs.] -- Foot page, an errand boy; an attendant.
[Obs.] -- Foot passenger, one who passes on foot, as over a road or
bridge.
 -- Foot pavement, a paved way for foot passengers; a footway; a
trottoir.
 -- Foot poet, an inferior poet; a poetaster. [R.] Dryden.
 -- Foot post. (a) A letter carrier who travels on foot. (b) A mail
delivery by means of such carriers.
 -- Fot pound, and Foot poundal. (Mech.) See Foot pound and Foot
poundal, in the Vocabulary.
 -- Foot press (Mach.), a cutting, embossing, or printing press,
moved by a treadle.
 -- Foot race, a race run by persons on foot. Cowper.
 -- Foot rail, a railroad rail, with a wide flat flange on the lower
side.
 -- Foot rot, an ulcer in the feet of sheep; claw sickness.
 -- Foot rule, a rule or measure twelve inches long.
 -- Foot screw, an adjusting screw which forms a foot, and serves to
give a machine or table a level standing on an uneven place.
 -- Foot secretion. (Zoöl.) See Sclerobase.
 -- Foot soldier, a soldier who serves on foot.
 -- Foot stick (Printing), a beveled piece of furniture placed
against the foot of the page, to hold the type in place.
 -- Foot stove, a small box, with an iron pan, to hold hot coals for
warming the feet.
 -- Foot tubercle. (Zoöl.) See Parapodium.
 -- Foot valve (Steam Engine), the valve that opens to the air pump
from the condenser.
 -- Foot vise, a kind of vise the jaws of which are operated by a
treadle.
 -- Foot waling (Naut.), the inside planks or lining of a vessel over
the floor timbers. Totten.
 -- Foot wall (Mining), the under wall of an inclosed vein. By foot,
or On foot, by walking; as, to pass a stream on foot.
 -- Cubic foot. See under Cubic.
 -- Foot and mouth disease, a contagious disease (Eczema epizoötica)
of cattle, sheep, swine, etc., characterized by the formation of
vesicles and ulcers in the mouth and about the hoofs.
 -- Foot of the fine (Law), the concluding portion of an
acknowledgment in court by which, formerly, the title of land was
conveyed. See Fine of land, under Fine, n.; also Chirograph. (b).
 -- Square foot. See under Square.
 -- To be on foot, to be in motion, action, or process of execution.
 -- To keep the foot (Script.), to preserve decorum. "Keep thy foot
when thou goest to the house of God." Eccl. v. 1.
 -- To put one's foot down, to take a resolute stand; to be
determined. [Colloq.] -- To put the best foot foremost, to make a
good appearance; to do one's best. [Colloq.] -- To set on foot, to
put in motion; to originate; as, to set on foot a subscription.
 -- To put, or set, one on his feet, to put one in a position to go
on; to assist to start.
 -- Under foot. (a) Under the feet; (Fig.) at one's mercy; as, to
trample under foot. Gibbon. (b) Below par. [Obs.] "They would be
forced to sell . . . far under foot." Bacon.

FOOT
Foot, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Footed; p. pr. & vb. n. Footing.]

1. To tread to measure or music; to dance; to trip; to skip. Dryden.

2. To walk; -- opposed to ride or fly. Shak.

FOOT
Foot, v. t.

1. To kick with the foot; to spurn. Shak.

2. To set on foot; to establish; to land. [Obs.]
What confederacy have you with the traitors Late footed in the
kingdom Shak.

3. To tread; as, to foot the green. Tickell.

4. To sum up, as the numbers in a column; -- sometimes with up; as,
to foot (or foot up) an account.

5. The size or strike with the talon. [Poet.] Shak.

6. To renew the foot of, as of stocking. Shak. To foot a bill, to pay
it. [Colloq.] -- To foot it, to walk; also, to dance.
If you are for a merry jaunt, I'll try, for once, who can foot it
farthest. Dryden.

FOOTBALL
Foot"ball`, n.

Defn: An inflated ball to be kicked in sport, usually made in India
rubber, or a bladder incased in Leather. Waller.

2. The game of kicking the football by opposing parties of players
between goals. Arbuthnot.

FOOTBAND
Foot"band`, n.

Defn: A band of foot soldiers. [Obs.]

FOOTBATH
Foot"bath`, n.

Defn: A bath for the feet; also, a vessel used in bathing the feet.

FOOTBOARD
Foot"board`, n.

1. A board or narrow platfrom upon which one may stand or brace his
feet; as:
(a) The platform for the engineer and fireman of a locomotive.
(b) The foot-rest of a coachman's box.

2. A board forming the foot of a bedstead.

3. A treadle.

FOOTBOY
Foot"boy`, n.

Defn: A page; an attendant in livery; a lackey. Shak.

FOOTBREADTH
Foot"breadth`, n.

Defn: The breadth of a foot; -- used as a measure. Longfellow.
Not so much as a footbreadth. Deut. ii. 5.

FOOTBRIDGE
Foot"bridge`, n.

Defn: A narrow bridge for foot passengers only.

FOOT CANDLE
Foot candle. (Photom.)

Defn: The amount of illumination produced by a standard candle at a
distance of one foot.

FOOTCLOTH
Foot"cloth`, n.

Defn: Formerly, a housing or caparison for a horse. Sir W. Scott.

FOOTED
Foot"ed, a.

1. Having a foot or feet; shaped in the foot. "Footed like a goat."
Grew.

Note: Footed is often used in composition in the sense of having
(such or so many) feet; as, fourfooted beasts.

2. Having a foothold; established.
Our king . . . is footed in this land already. Shak.

FOOTFALL
Foot"fall`, n.

Defn: A setting down of the foot; a footstep; the sound of a
footstep. Shak.
Seraphim, whose footfalls tinkled on the tufted floor. Poe

FOOTFIGHT
Foot"fight`, n.

Defn: A conflict by persons on foot; -- distinguished from a fight on
horseback. Sir P. Sidney.

FOOTGLOVE
Foot"glove`, n.

Defn: A kind of stocking. [Obs.]

FOOT GUARDS
Foot" Guards`, pl.

Defn: Infantry soldiers belonging to select regiments called the
Guards. [Eng.]

FOOTHALT
Foot"halt`, n.

Defn: A disease affecting the feet of sheep.

FOOTHILL
Foot"hill`, n.

Defn: A low hill at the foot of highe

FOOTHOLD
Foot"hold`, n.

Defn: A holding with the feet; firm L'Estrange.

FOOTHOOK
Foot"hook`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Futtock.

FOOTHOT
Foot"hot`, adv.

Defn: Hastily; immediately; instantly; on the spot; hotfloot. Gower.
Custance have they taken anon, foothot. Chaucer.

FOOTING
Foot"ing, n.

1. Ground for the foot; place for the foot to rest on; firm
foundation to stand on.
In ascent, every stfooting and help to the next. Holder.

2. Standing; position; established place; basis for operation;
permanent settlement; foothold.
As soon as he had obtained a footing at court, the charms of his
manner . . . made him a favorite. Macaulay.

3. Relative condition; state.
Lived on a footing of equality with nobles. Macaulay.

4. Tread; step; especially, measured tread.
Hark, I hear the footing of a man. Shak.

5. The act of adding up a column of figures; the amount or sum total
of such a column.

6. The act of putting a foot to anything; also, that which is added
as a foot; as, the footing of a stocking.

7. A narrow cotton lace, without figures.

8. The finer refuse part of whale blubber, not wholly deprived of
oil. Simmonds.

9. (Arch. & Enging.)

Defn: The thickened or sloping portion of a wall, or of an embankment
at its foot. Footing course (Arch.), one of the courses of masonry at
the foot of a wall, broader than the courses above.
 -- To pay one's footing, to pay a fee on first doing anything, as
working at a trade or in a shop. Wright.
 -- Footing beam, the tie beam of a roof.

FOOTLESS
Foot"less, a.

Defn: Having no feet.

FOOTLICKER
Foot"lick`er, n.

Defn: A sycophant; a fawner; a toady. Cf. Bootlick. Shak.

FOOTLIGHT
Foot"light`, n.

Defn: One of a row of lights in the front of the stage in a theater,
etc., and on a level therewith. Before the footlights, upon the
stage; -- hence, in the capacity of an actor.

FOOTMAN
Foot"man, n.; pl. Footmen (.

1. A soldier who marches and fights on foot; a foot soldier.

2. A man in waiting; a male servant whose duties are to attend the
door, the carriage, the table, etc.

3. Formerly, a servant who ran in front of his master's carriage; a
runner. Prior.

4. A metallic stand with four feet, for keeping anything warm before
a fire.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A moth of the family Lithosidæ; -- so called from its livery-
like colors.

FOOTMANSHIP
Foot"man*ship, n.

Defn: Art or skill of a footman.

FOOTMARK
Foot"mark`, n.

Defn: A footprint; a track or vestige. Coleridge.

FOOTNOTE
Foot"note`, n.

Defn: A note of reference or comment at the foot of a page.

FOOTPACE
Foot"pace`, n.

1. A walking pace or step.

2. A dais, or elevated platform; the highest step of the altar; a
landing in a staircase. Shipley.

FOOTPAD
Foot"pad`, n.

Defn: A highwayman or robber on foot.

FOOTPATH
Foot"path`, n.; pl. Footpaths (.

Defn: A narrow path or way for pedestrains only; a footway.

FOOTPLATE
Foot"plate`, n. (Locomotives)

Defn: See Footboard (a).

FOOT POUND
Foot" pound`. (Mech.)

Defn: A unit of energy, or work, being equal to the work done in
raising one pound avoirdupois against the force of gravity the height
of one foot.

FOOT POUNDAL
Foot" pound`al. (Mech.)

Defn: A unit of energy or work, equal to the work done in moving a
body through one foot against the force of one poundal.

FOOTPRINT
Foot"print`, n.

Defn: The impression of the foot; a trace or footmark; as,
"Footprints of the Creator."

FOOTROPE
Foot"rope`, n. (Aut.)
(a) The rope rigged below a yard, upon which men stand when reefing
or furling; -- formerly called a horse.
(b) That part of the boltrope to which the lower edge of a sail is
sewed.

FOOTS
Foots, n. pl.

Defn: The settlings of oil, molasses, etc., at the bottom of a barrel
or hogshead. Simmonds.

FOOT-SORE
Foot"-sore`, a.

Defn: Having sore or tender feet, as by reason of much walking; as,
foot-sore cattle.

FOOTSTALK
Foot"stalk`, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The stalk of a leaf or of flower; a petiole, pedicel, or
reduncle.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The peduncle or stem by which various marine animals are
attached, as certain brachiopods and goose barnacles.
(b) The stem which supports which supports the eye in decapod
Crustacea; eyestalk.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: The lower part of a millstone spindle. It rests in a step.
Knight.

FOOTSTALL
Foot"stall`, n. Etym: [Cf. Pedestal.]

1. The stirrup of a woman's saddle.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: The plinth or base of a pillar.

FOOTSTEP
Foot"step`, n.

1. The mark or impression of the foot; a track; hence, visible sign
of a course pursued; token; mark; as, the footsteps of divine wisdom.
How on the faltering footsteps of decay Youth presses. Bryant.

2. An inclined plane under a hand printing press.

FOOTSTONE
Foot"stone` (; 110), n.

Defn: The stone at the foot of a grave; -- opposed to headstone.

FOOTSTOOL
Foot"stool`, n.

Defn: A low stool to support the feet of one when sitting.

FOOT TON
Foot ton. (Mech.)

Defn: A unit of energy or work, being equal to the work done in
raising one ton against the force of gravity through the height of
one foot.

FOOT VALVE
Foot valve. (Mech.)

Defn: A suction valve or check valve at the lower end of a pipe;
esp., such a valve in a steam-engine condenser opening to the air
pump.

FOOTWAY
Foot"way`, n.

Defn: A passage for pedestrians only.

FOOTWORN
Foot"worn`, a.

Defn: Worn by, or weared in, the feet; as, a footworn path; a
footworn traveler.

FOOTY
Foot"y, a.

1. Having foots, or settlings; as, footy oil, molasses, etc. [Eng.]

2. Poor; mean. [Prov. Eng.] C. Kingsley.

FOOZLE
Foo"zle, v. t. & i.  [imp. & p. p. Foozled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Foozling.] [Cf. G. fuseln to work badly or slowly.]

Defn: To bungle; to manage awkwardly; to treat or play unskillfully;
as, to foozle a stroke in golf.

She foozles all along the course.
Century Mag.

FOOZLE
Foo"zle, n.

1. A stupid fellow; a fogy. [Colloq.]

2.  Act of foozling; a bungling stroke, as in golf.

FOP
Fop, n. Etym: [OE. foppe, fop, fool; cf. E. fob to cheat, G. foppen
to make a fool of one, jeer, D. foppen.]

Defn: One whose ambition it is to gain admiration by showy dress; a
coxcomb; an inferior dandy.

FOP-DOODLE
Fop"-doo`dle, n.

Defn: A stupid or insignaficant fellow; a fool; a simpleton. [R.]
Hudibras.

FOPLING
Fop"ling, n.

Defn: A petty fop. Landor.

FOPPERY
Fop"per*y, n.; pl. Fopperies. Etym: [From Fop.]

1. The behavior, dress, or other indication of a fop; coxcombry;
affectation of show; showy folly.

2. Folly; foolery.
Let not the sound of shallow foppery enter My sober house. Shak.

FOPPISH
Fop"pish, a.

Defn: Foplike; characteristic of a top in dress or manners; making an
ostentatious display of gay clothing; affected in manners.

Syn.
 -- Finical; spruce; dandyish. See Finical.
 -- Fop"pish*ly, adv.
 -- Fop"pish*ness, n.

FOR-
For- (. Etym: [AS. for-; akin to D. & G. ver-, OHG. fir-, Icel. for-,
Goth. fra-, cf. Skr. para- away, Gr. far, adj. Cf. Fret to rub.]

Defn: A prefix to verbs, having usually the force of a negative or
privative. It often implies also loss, detriment, or destruction, and
sometimes it is intensive, meaning utterly, quite thoroughly, as in
forbathe.

FOR
For, prep. Etym: [AS. for, fore; akin to OS. for, fora, furi, D.
voor, OHG. fora, G. vor, OHG. furi, G. für, Icel. fyrir, Sw. för,
Dan. for, adv. för, Goth. faúr, faúra, L. pro, Gr. pra-. sq. root
202. Cf. Fore, First, Foremost, Forth, Pro-.]

Defn: In the most general sense, indicating that in consideration of,
in view of, or with reference to, which anything is done or takes
place.

1. Indicating the antecedent cause or occasion of an action; the
motive or inducement accompanying and prompting to an act or state;
the reason of anything; that on account of which a thing is or is
done.
With fiery eyes sparkling for very wrath. Shak.
How to choose dogs for scent or speed. Waller.
Now, for so many glorious actions done, For peace at home, and for
the public wealth, I mean to crown a bowl for Cæsar's health. Dryden.
That which we, for our unworthiness, are afraid to crave, our prayer
is, that God, for the worthiness of his Son, would, notwithstanding,
vouchsafe to grant. Hooker.

2. Indicating the remoter and indirect object of an act; the end or
final cause with reference to which anything is, acts, serves, or is
done.
The oak for nothing ill, The osier good for twigs, the poplar for the
mill. Spenser.
It was young counsel for the persons, and violent counsel for the
matters. Bacon.
Shall I think the worls was made for one, And men are born for kings,
as beasts for men, Not for protection, but to be devoured Dryden.
For he writes not for money, nor for praise. Denham.

3. Indicating that in favor of which, or in promoting which, anything
is, or is done; hence, in behalf of; in favor of; on the side of; --
opposed to against.
We can do nothing against the truth, but for the truth. 2 Cor. xiii.
8.
It is for the general good of human society, and consequently of
particular persons, to be true and just; and it is for men's health
to be temperate. Tillotson.
Aristotle is for poetical justice. Dennis.

4. Indicating that toward which the action of anything is directed,
or the point toward which motion is made;
We sailed from Peru for China and Japan. Bacon.

5. Indicating that on place of or instead of which anything acts or
serves, or that to which a substitute, an equivalent, a compensation,
or the like, is offered or made; instead of, or place of.
And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life, eye
for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot. Ex. xxi. 23,
24.

6. Indicating that in the character of or as being which anything is
regarded or treated; to be, or as being.
We take a falling meteor for a star. Cowley.
If a man can be fully assured of anything for a truth, without having
examined, what is there that he may not embrace for truLocke.
Most of our ingenious young men take up some cried-up English poet
for their model. Dryden.
But let her go for an ungrateful woman. Philips.

7. Indicating that instead of which something else controls in the
performing of an action, or that in spite of which anything is done,
occurs, or is; hence, equivalent to notwithstanding, in spite of; --
generally followed by all, aught, anything, etc.
The writer will do what she please for all me. Spectator.
God's desertion shall, for aught he knows, the next minute supervene.
Dr. H. More.
For anything that legally appears to the contrary, it may be a
contrivance to fright us. Swift.

8. Indicating the space or time through which an action or state
extends; hence, during; in or through the space or time of.
For many miles about There 's scarce a bush. Shak.
Since, hired for life, thy servile muse sing. prior.
To guide the sun's bright chariot for a day. Garth.

9. Indicating that in prevention of which, or through fear of which,
anything is done. [Obs.]
We 'll have a bib, for spoiling of thy doublet. Beau. & Fl.
For, or As for, so far as concerns; as regards; with reference to; --
used parenthetically or independently. See under As.
As for me and my house, we will serve the Lord. Josh. xxiv. 15.
For me, my stormy voyage at an end, I to the port of death securely
tend. Dryden.
-- For all that, notwithstanding; in spite of.
 -- For all the world, wholly; exactly. "Whose posy was, for all the
world, like cutlers' poetry." Shak.
 -- For as much as, or Forasmuch as, in consideration that; seeing
that; since.
 -- For by. See Forby, adv.
 -- For ever, eternally; at all times. See Forever.
 -- For me, or For all me, as far as regards me.
 -- For my life, or For the life of me, if my life depended on it.
[Colloq.] T. Hook.
 -- For that, For the reason that, because; since. [Obs.] "For that I
love your daughter." Shak.
 -- For thy, or Forthy Etym: [AS. for, for this; on this account.
[Obs.] "Thomalin, have no care for thy." Spenser.
 -- For to, as sign of infinitive, in order to; to the end of. [Obs.,
except as sometimes heard in illiterate speech.] -- "What went ye out
for to see" Luke vii. 25. See To, prep., 4.
 -- O for, would that I had; may there be granted; -- elliptically
expressing desire or prayer. "O for a muse of fire." Shak.
 -- Were it not for, or If it were not for, leaving out of account;
but for the presence or action of. "Moral consideration can no way
move the sensible appetite, were it not for the will." Sir M. Hale.

FOR
For, conj.

1. Because; by reason that; for that; indicating, in Old English, the
reason of anything.
And for of long that way had walkéd none, The vault was hid with
plants and bushes hoar. Fairfax.
And Heaven defend your good souls, that you think I will your serious
and great business scant, For she with me. Shak.

2. Since; because; introducing a reason of something before advanced,
a cause, motive, explanation, justification, or the like, of an
action related or a statement made. It is logically nearly equivalent
to since, or because, but connects less closely, and is sometimes
used as a very general introduction to something suggested by what
has gone before.
Give thanks unto the Lord; for he is good; for his mercy endureth
forever. Ps. cxxxvi. 1.
Heaven doth with us as we with torches do, Not light them for
themselves; for if our virtues Did not go forth of us, 't were all
alike As if we had them not. Shak.
For because, because. [Obs.] "Nor for because they set less store by
their own citizens." Robynson (More's Utopia).
 -- For why. (a) Why; for that reason; wherefore. [Obs.] (b) Because.
[Obs.] See Forwhy.

Syn.
 -- See Because.

FOR
For, n.

Defn: One who takes, or that which is said on, the affrimative side;
that which is said in favor of some one or something; -- the
antithesis of against, and commonly used in connection with it. The
fors and against. those in favor and those opposed; the pros and the
cons; the advantages and the disadvantages. Jane Austen.

FORAGE
For"age (; 48), n. Etym: [OF. fourage, F. fourrage, fr. forre,
fuerre, fodder, straw, F. feurre, fr. LL. foderum, fodrum, of German
or Scand, origin; cf. OHG. fuotar, G. futter. See Fodder food, and
cf. Foray.]

1. The act of foraging; search for provisions, etc.
He [the lion] from forage will incline to play. Shak.
One way a band select from forage drives A herd of beeves, fair oxen
and fair kine. Milton.
Mawhood completed his forage unmolested. Marshall.

2. Food of any kind for animals, especially for horses and cattle, as
grass, pasture, hay, corn, oats. Dryden. Forage cap. See under Cap.
 -- Forage master (Mil.), a person charged with providing forage and
the means of transporting it. Farrow.

FORAGE
For"age, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Foraged ; p. pr. & vb. n. Foraging.]

Defn: To wander or rove in search of food; to collect food, esp.
forage, for horses and cattle by feeding on or stripping the country;
to ravage; to feed on spoil.
His most mighty father on a hill Stood smiling to behold his lion's
whelp Forage in blood of French nobility. Shak.
Foraging ant (Zoöl.), one of several species of ants of the genus
Eciton, very abundant in tropical America, remarkable for marching in
vast armies in search of food.
 -- Foraging cap, a forage cap.
 -- Foraging party, a party sent out after forage.

FORAGE
For"age, v. t.

Defn: To strip of provisions; to supply with forage; as, to forage
steeds. Pope.

FORAGER
For"a*ger, n.

Defn: One who forages.

FORALITE
For"a*lite, n. Etym: [L. forare to bore + -lite.] (Geol.)

Defn: A tubelike marking, occuring in sandstone and other strata.

FORAMEN
Fo*ra"men, n.; pl. L. Foramina, E. Foramines. Etym: [L., fr. forare
to bore, pierce.]

Defn: A small opening, perforation, or orifice; a fenestra. Foramen
of Monro (Anat.), the opening from each lateral into the third
ventricle of the brain.
 -- Foramen of Winslow (Anat.), the opening connecting the sac of the
omentum with the general cavity of the peritoneum.

FORAMINATED
Fo*ram"i*na`ted, a. Etym: [L. foraminatus.]

Defn: Having small opening, or foramina.

FORAMINIFER
For`a*min"i*fer, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the foraminifera.

FORAMINIFERA
Fo*ram`i*nif"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. foramen, -aminis, a
foramen + ferre to bear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive order of rhizopods which generally have a
chambered calcareous shell formed by several united zooids. Many of
them have perforated walls, whence the name. Some species are covered
with sand. See Rhizophoda.

FORAMINIFEROUS
Fo*ram`i*nif"er*ous, a.

1. Having small openings, or foramina.

2. Pertaining to, or composed of, Foraminifera; as, foraminiferous
mud.

FORAMINOUS
Fo*ram"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. foraminosus.]

Defn: Having foramina; full of holes; porous. Bacon.

FORASMUCH
For`as*much", comj.

Defn: In consideration that; seeing that; since; because that; --
followed by as. See under For, prep.

FORAY
For"ay, n. Etym: [Another form of forahe. Cf. Forray.]

Defn: A sudden or irregular incursion in border warfare; hence, any
irregular incursion for war or spoils; a raid. Spenser.
The huge Earl Doorm, . . . Bound on a foray, rolling eyes of prey.
Tennyson.

FORAY
For"ay, v. t.

Defn: To pillage; to ravage.
He might foray our lands. Sir W. Scott.

FORAYER
For"ay*er ( or ), n.

Defn: One who makes or joins in a foray.
They might not choose the lowand road, For the Merse forayers were
abroad. Sir W. Scott.

FORBADE
For*bade",

Defn: imp. of Forbid.

FORBATHE
For*bathe", v. t.

Defn: To bathe. [Obs.]

FORBEAR
For*bear", n. Etym: [See Fore, and Bear to produce.]

Defn: An ancestor; a forefather; -- usually in the plural. [Scot.]
"Your forbears of old." Sir W. Scott.

FORBEAR
For*bear", v. i. [imp. Forbore (Forbare (, [Obs.]); p. p. Forborne;
p. pr. & vb. n. Forbearing.] Etym: [OE. forberen, AS. forberan; pref.
for- + beran to bear. See Bear to support.]

1. To refrain from proceeding; to pause; to delay.
Shall I go against Ramoth-gilead to battle, or shall I forbear 1
Kinds xxii. 6.

2. To refuse; to decline; to give no heed.
Thou shalt speak my words unto them, whether they will hear, or
whether they will forbear. Ezek. ii. 7.

3. To control one's self when provoked.
The kindest and the happiest pair Will find occasion to forbear.
Cowper.
Both bear and forbear. Old Proverb.

FORBEAR
For*bear", v. t.

1. To keep away from; to avoid; to abstain from; to give up; as, to
forbear the use of a word of doubdtful propriety.
But let me that plunder forbear. Shenstone.
The King In open battle or the tilting field Forbore his own
advantage. Tennyson.

2. To treat with consideration or indulgence.
Forbearing one another in love. Eph. iv. 2.

3. To cease from bearing. [Obs.]
Whenas my womb her burden would forbear. Spenser.

FORBEARANCE
For*bear"ance, n.

Defn: The act of forbearing or waiting; the exercise of patience.
He soon shall findForbearance no acquittance ere day end. Milton.

2. The quality of being forbearing; indulgence toward offenders or
enemies; long-suffering.
Have a continent forbearance, till the speed of his rage goeShak.

Syn.
 -- Abstinence; refraining; lenity; mildness.

FORBEARANT
For*bear"ant, a.

Defn: Forbearing. [R.] Carlyle.

FORBEARER
For*bear"er, n.

Defn: One who forbears. Tusser.

FORBEARING
For*bear"ing, a.

Defn: Disposed or accustomed to forbear; patient; long-suffering.
 -- For*bear"ing*ly, adv.

FORBID
For*bid", v. t. [imp. Forbade; p. p. Forbidden (Forbid, [Obs.]); p.
pr. & vb. n. Forbidding.] Etym: [OE. forbeden, AS. forbeódan; pref.
for- + beódan to bid; akin to D. verbieden, G. verbieten, Icel.,
fyrirbjoedha, forboedha, Sw. förbjuda, Dan. forbyde. See Bid, v. t.]

1. To command against, or contrary to; to prohibit; to interdict.
More than I have said . . . The leisure and enforcement of the time
Forbids to dwell upon. Shak.

2. To deny, exclude from, or warn off, by express command; to command
not to enter.
Have I not forbid her my house Shak.

3. To oppose, hinder, or prevent, as if by an effectual command; as,
an impassable river forbids the approach of the army.
A blaze of glory that forbids the sight. Dryden.

4. To accurse; to blast. [Obs.]
He shall live a man forbid. Shak.

5. To defy; to challenge. [Obs.] L. Andrews.

Syn.
 -- To prohibit; interdict; hinder; preclude; withold; restrain;
prevent. See Prohibit.

FORBID
For*bid", v. i.

Defn: To utter a prohibition; to prevent; to hinder. "I did not or
forbid." Milton.

FORBIDDANCE
For*bid"dance, n.

Defn: The act of forbidding; prohibition; command or edict against a
thing. [Obs.]
ow hast thou yield to transgress The strict forbiddance. Milton.

FORBIDDEN
For*bid"den, a.

Defn: Prohibited; interdicted.
I kniw no spells, use no forbidden arts. Milton.
Forbidden fruit. (a) Any coveted unlawful pleasure, -- so called with
reference to the forbidden fruit of the Garden of Eden. (b) (Bot.) A
small variety of shaddock (Citrus decumana). The name is given in
different places to several varieties of Citrus fruits.

FORBIDDENLY
For*bid"den*ly, adv.

Defn: In a forbidden or unlawful manner. Shak.

FORBIDDER
For*bid"der, n.

Defn: One who forbids. Milton.

FORBIDDING
For*bid"ding, a.

Defn: Repelling approach; repulsive; raising abhorrence, aversion, or
dislike; disagreeable; prohibiting or interdicting; as, a forbidding
aspect; a forbidding formality; a forbidding air.

Syn.
 -- Disagreeable; unpleasant; displeasing; offensive; repulsive;
odious; abhorrent.
 -- For*bid"ding*ly, adv.
 -- For*bid"ding*ness, n.

FORBLACK
For*black", a.

Defn: Very black. [Obs.]
As any raven's feathers it shone forblack. Chaucer.

FORBODEN
For*bo"den, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Forbid. Chaucer.

FORBORE
For*bore",

Defn: imp. of Forbear.

FORBORNE
For*borne",

Defn: p. p. of Forbear.

FORBRUISE
For*bruise", v. t.

Defn: To bruise sorely or exceedingly. [Obs.]
All forbrosed, both back and side. Chaucer.

FORBY
For*by", adv. & prep. Etym: [See Foreby.]

Defn: Near; hard by; along; past. [Obs.]
To tell her if her child went ought forby. Chaucer.
To the intent that ships may pass along forby all the sides of the
city without let. Robynson (More's Utopia).

FORCARVE
For*carve", v. t.

Defn: To cut completely; to cut off. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FORCE
Force, v. t. Etym: [See Farce to stuff.]

Defn: To stuff; to lard; to farce. [R.]
Wit larded with malice, and malice forced with wit. Shak.

FORCE
Force, n. Etym: [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. fors, foss, Dan. fos.]

Defn: A waterfall; a cascade. [Prov. Eng.]
To see the falls for force of the river Kent. T. Gray.

FORCE
Force, n. Etym: [F. force, LL. forcia, fortia, fr. L. fortis strong.
See Fort, n.]

1. Strength or energy of body or mind; active power; vigor; might;
often, an unusual degree of strength or energy; capacity of
exercising an influence or producing an effect; especially, power to
persuade, or convince, or impose obligation; pertinency; validity;
special signification; as, the force of an appeal, an argument, a
contract, or a term.
He was, in the full force of the words, a good man. Macaulay.

2. Power exerted against will or consent; compulsory power; violence;
coercion.
Which now they hold by force, and not by right. Shak.

3. Strength or power war; hence, a body of land or naval combatants,
with their appurtenances, ready for action; -- an armament; troops;
warlike array; -- often in the plural; hence, a body of men prepared
for action in other ways; as, the laboring force of a plantation.
Is Lucius general of the forces Shak.

4. (Law)
(a) Strength or power exercised without law, or contrary to law, upon
persons or things; violence.
(b) Validity; efficacy. Burrill.

5. (Physics)

Defn: Any action between two bodies which changes, or tends to
change, their relative condition as to rest or motion; or, more
generally, which changes, or tends to change, any physical relation
between them, whether mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical,
magnetic, or of any other kind; as, the force of gravity; cohesive
force; centrifugal force. Animal force (Physiol.), muscular force or
energy.
 -- Catabiotic force Etym: [Gr. (Biol.), the influence exerted by
living structures on adjoining cells, by which the latter are
developed in harmony with the primary structures.
 -- Centrifugal force, Centripetal force, Coercive force, etc. See
under Centrifugal, Centripetal, etc.
 -- Composition of forces, Correlation of forces, etc. See under
Composition, Correlation, etc.
 -- Force and arms Etym: [trans. of L. vi et armis] (Law), an
expression in old indictments, signifying violence.
 -- In force, or Of force, of unimpaired efficacy; valid; of full
virtue; not suspended or reversed. "A testament is of force after men
are dead." Heb. ix. 17.
 -- Metabolic force (Physiol.), the influence which causes and
controls the metabolism of the body.
 -- No force, no matter of urgency or consequence; no account; hence,
to do no force, to make no account of; not to heed. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- Of force, of necessity; unavoidably; imperatively. "Good reasons
must, of force, give place to better." Shak.
 -- Plastic force (Physiol.), the force which presumably acts in the
growth and repair of the tissues.
 -- Vital force (Physiol.), that force or power which is inherent in
organization; that form of energy which is the cause of the vital
phenomena of the body, as distinguished from the physical forces
generally known.

Syn.
 -- Strength; vigor; might; energy; stress; vehemence; violence;
compulsion; coaction; constraint; coercion.
 -- Force, Strength. Strength looks rather to power as an inward
capability or energy. Thus we speak of the strength of timber, bodily
strength, mental strength, strength of emotion, etc. Force, on the
other hand, looks more to the outward; as, the force of gravitation,
force of circumstances, force of habit, etc. We do, indeed, speak of
strength of will and force of will; but even here the former may lean
toward the internal tenacity of purpose, and the latter toward the
outward expression of it in action. But, though the two words do in a
few cases touch thus closely on each other, there is, on the whole, a
marked distinction in our use of force and strength. "Force is the
name given, in mechanical science, to whatever produces, or can
produce, motion." Nichol.
Thy tears are of no force to mollify This flinty man. Heywood.
More huge in strength than wise in works he was. Spenser.
Adam and first matron Eve Had ended now their orisons, and found
Strength added from above, new hope to spring Out of despair. Milton.

FORCE
Force, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forced; p. pr. & vb. n. Forcing.] Etym:
[OF. forcier, F. forcer, fr. LL. forciare, fortiare. See Force, n.]

1. To constrain to do or to forbear, by the exertion of a power not
resistible; to compel by physical, moral, or intellectual means; to
coerce; as, masters force slaves to labor.

2. To compel, as by strength of evidence; as, to force conviction on
the mind.

3. To do violence to; to overpower, or to compel by violence to one;s
will; especially, to ravish; to violate; to commit rape upon.
To force their monarch and insult the court. Dryden.
I should have forced thee soon wish other arms. Milton.
To force a spotless virgin's chastity. Shak.

4. To obtain or win by strength; to take by violence or struggle;
specifically, to capture by assault; to storm, as a fortress.

5. To impel, drive, wrest, extort, get, etc., by main strength or
violence; -- with a following adverb, as along, away, from, into,
through, out, etc.
It stuck so fast, so deeply buried lay That scarce the victor forced
the steel away. Dryden.
To force the tyrant from his seat by war. Sahk.
Ethelbert ordered that none should be forced into religion. Fuller.

6. To put in force; to cause to be executed; to make binding; to
enforce. [Obs.]
What can the church force more J. Webster.

7. To exert to the utmost; to urge; hence, to strain; to urge to
excessive, unnatural, or untimely action; to produce by unnatural
effort; as, to force a consient or metaphor; to force a laugh; to
force fruits.
High on a mounting wave my head I bore, Forcing my strength, and
gathering to the shore. Dryden.

8. (Whist)

Defn: To compel (an adversary or partner) to trump a trick by leading
a suit of which he has none.

9. To provide with forces; to reënforce; to strengthen by soldiers;
to man; to garrison. [Obs.] Shak.

10. To allow the force of; to value; to care for. [Obs.]
For me, I force not argument a straw. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To compel; constrain; oblige; necessitate; coerce; drive; press;
impel.

FORCE
Force, v. i. [Obs. in all the senses.]

1. To use violence; to make violent effort; to strive; to endeavor.
Forcing with gifts to win his wanton heart. Spenser.

2. To make a difficult matter of anything; to labor; to hesitate;
hence, to force of, to make much account of; to regard.
Your oath once broke, you force not to forswear. Shak.
I force not of such fooleries. Camden.

3. To be of force, importance, or weight; to matter.
It is not sufficient to have attained the name and dignity of a
shepherd, not forcing how. Udall.

FORCED
Forced, a.

Defn: Done or produced with force or great labor, or by extraordinary
exertion; hurried; strained; produced by unnatural effort or
pressure; as, a forced style; a forced laugh. Forced draught. See
under Draught.
 -- Forced march (Mil.), a march of one or more days made with all
possible speed.
 -- For"ced*ly, adv.
 -- For"ced*ness, n.

FORCEFUL
Force"ful, a.

Defn: Full of or processing force; exerting force; mighty.
 -- Force"ful*ly, adv.
Against the steed he threw His forceful spear. Dryden.

FORCELESS
Force"less, a.

Defn: Having little or no force; feeble.
These forceless flowers like sturdy trees support me. Shak.

FORCEMEAT
Force"meat`, n. Etym: [Corrupt. for farce-meat, fr. F. farce
stuffing. See Farce, n.] (Cookery)

Defn: Meat chopped fine and highly seasoned, either served up alone,
or used as a stuffing. [Written also forced meat.]

FORCEMENT
Force"ment, n.

Defn: The act of forcing; compulsion. [Obs.]
It was imposed upon us by constraint; And will you count such
forcement treachery J. Webster.

FORCEPS
For"ceps, n. Etym: [L. forceps, -cipis, from the root of formus Hot +
capere to take; akin to E. heave. Cf. Furnace.]

1. A pair of pinchers, or tongs; an instrument for grasping, holding
firmly, or exerting traction upon, bodies which it would be
inconvenient or impracticable to seize with the fingers, especially
one for delicate operations, as those of watchmakers, surgeons,
accoucheurs, dentists, etc.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The caudal forceps-shaped appendage of earwigs and some other
insects. See Earwig. Dressing forceps. See under Dressing.

FORCE PUMP
Force" pump`. (Mach.)
(a) A pump having a solid piston, or plunger, for drawing and forcing
a liquid, as water, through the valves; in distinction from a pump
having a bucket, or valved piston.
(b) A pump adapted for delivering water at a considerable height
above the pump, or under a considerable pressure; in distinction from
one which lifts the water only to the top of the pump or delivers it
through a spout. See Illust. of Plunger pump, under Plunger.

FORCER
For"cer, n.

1. One who, or that which, forces or drives.

2. (Mech.)
(a) The solid piston of a force pump; the instrument by which water
is forced in a pump.
(b) A small hand pump for sinking pits, draining cellars, etc.

FORCIBLE
For"ci*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. forcible forcible, forceable that may
be forced.]

1. Possessing force; characterized by force, efficiency, or energy;
powerful; efficacious; impressive; influential.
How forcible are right words! Job. vi. 2
Sweet smells are most forcible in dry substances, when broken. Bacon.
But I have reasons strong and forcible. Shak.
That punishment which hath been sometimes forcible to bridle sin.
Hooker.
He is at once elegant and sublime, forcible and ornamented. Lowth
(Transl. )

2. Violent; impetuous.
Like mingled streams, more forcible when joined. Prior.

3. Using force against opposition or resistance; obtained by
compulsion; effected by force; as, forcible entry or abduction.
In embraces of King James . . . forcible and unjust. Swift.
Forcible entry and detainer (Law), the entering upon and taking and
withholding of land and tenements by actual force and violence, and
with a strong hand, to the hindrance of the person having the right
to enter.

Syn.
 -- Violent; powerful; strong; energetic; mighty; potent; weighty;
impressive; cogent; influential.

FORCIBLE-FEEBLE
For"ci*ble-fee`ble, a. Etym: [From Feeble, a character in the Second
Part of Shakespeare's "King Henry IV.," to whom Falstaff derisively
applies the epithet "forcible."]

Defn: Seemingly vigorous, but really weak or insipid.
He [Prof. Ayton] would purge his book of much offensive matter, if he
struck out epithets which are in the bad taste of the forcible-feeble
school. N. Brit. Review.

FORCIBLENESS
For"ci*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being forcible.

FORCIBLY
For"ci*bly, adv.

Defn: In a forcible manner.

FORCING
For"cing, n.

1. The accomplishing of any purpose violently, precipitately,
prematurely, or with unusual expedition.

2. (Gardening)

Defn: The art of raising plants, flowers, and fruits at an earlier
season than the natural one, as in a hitbed or by the use of
artificial heat. Forcing bed or pit, a plant bed having an under
layer of fermenting manure, the fermentation yielding bottom heat for
forcing plants; a hotbed.
 -- Forcing engine, a fire engine.
 -- Forcing fit (Mech.), a tight fit, as of one part into a hole in
another part, which makes it necessary to use considerable force in
putting the two parts together.
 -- Forcing house, a greenhouse for the forcing of plants, fruit
trees, etc.
 -- Forcing machine, a powerful press for putting together or
separating two parts that are fitted tightly one into another, as for
forcing a crank on a shaft, or for drawing off a car wheel from the
axle.
 -- Forcing pump. See Force pump (b).

FORCIPAL
For"ci*pal, a.

Defn: Forked or branched like a pair of forceps; constructed so as to
open and shut like a pair of forceps. Sir T. Browne.

FORCIPATE; FORCIPATED
For"ci*pate, For"ci*pa`ted, a.

Defn: Like a pair of forceps; as, a forcipated mouth.

FORCIPATION
For`ci*pa"tion, n.

Defn: Torture by pinching with forceps or pinchers. Bacon.

FORCITE
For"cite, n. [From 3d Force, n.] (Chem.)

Defn: A gelatin dynamite in which the dope is composed largely of
sodium nitrate.

FORCUT
For*cut", v. t.

Defn: To cut completely; to cut off. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FORD
Ford, n. Etym: [AS. ford; akin to G. furt, Icel. f bay, and to E.
fare. Fare, v. i., and cf. Frith arm of the sea.]

1. A place in a river, or other water, where it may passed by man or
beast on foot, by wading.
He swam the Esk river where ford there was none. Sir W. Scott.

2. A stream; a current.
With water of the ford Or of the clouds. Spenser.
Permit my ghost to pass the Stygford. Dryden.

FORD
Ford, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forded; p. pr. & vb. n. Fording.]

Defn: To pass or cross, as a river or other water, by wading; to wade
through.
His last section, which is no deep one, remains only to be forted.
Milton.

FORDABLE
Ford"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being forded.
 -- Ford"a*ble*ness, n.

FORDLESS
Ford"less, a.

Defn: Without a ford.
A deep and fordless river. Mallock.

FORDO
For*do", v. t. Etym: [OE. fordon, AS. ford; pref. for- + d to do. See
For-, and Do, v. i.]

1. To destroy; to undo; to ruin. [Obs.]
This is the night That either makes me or fordoes me quite. Shak.

2. To overcome with fatigue; to exhaust. M. Arnold.
All with weary task fordone. Shak.

FORDONE
For*done", a. Etym: [See Fordo.]

Defn: Undone; ruined. [Obs.] Spenser.

FORDRIVE
For*drive", v. t.

Defn: To drive about; to drive here and there. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

FORDRUNKEN
For*drunk"en, a.

Defn: Utterly drunk; very drunk. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FORDRY
For*dry", a.

Defn: Entirely dry; withered. [Obs.] "A tree fordry." Chaucer.

FORDWINE
For*dwine", v. i.

Defn: To dwindle away; to disappear. [Obs.] Rom of R.

FORE
Fore, n. Etym: [AS. f, fr. faran to go. See Fare, v. i.]

Defn: Journey; way; method of proceeding. [Obs.] "Follow him and his
fore." Chaucer.

FORE
Fore, adv. Etym: [AS. fore, adv. & prep., another form of for. See
For, and cf. Former, Foremost.]

1. In the part that precedes or goes first; -- opposed to aft, after,
back, behind, etc.

2. Formerly; previously; afore. [Obs. or Colloq.]
The eyes, fore duteous, now converted are. Shak.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: In or towards the bows of a ship. Fore and aft (Naut.), from
stem to stern; lengthwise of the vessel; -- in distinction from
athwart. R. H. Dana, Jr.
 -- Fore-and-aft rigged (Naut.), not rigged with square sails
attached to yards, but with sails bent to gaffs or set on stays in
the midship line of the vessel. See Schooner, Sloop, Cutter.

FORE
Fore, a. Etym: [See Fore, advv.]

Defn: Advanced, as compared with something else; toward the front;
being or coming first, in time, place, order, or importance;
preceding; anterior; antecedent; earlier; forward; -- opposed to Ant:
back or Ant: behind; as, the fore part of a garment; the fore part of
the day; the fore and of a wagon.
The free will of the subject is preserved, while it is directed by
the fore purpose of the state. Southey.

Note: Fore is much used adjectively or in composition. Fore bay, a
reservoir or canal between a mill race and a water wheel; the
discharging end of a pond or mill race.
 -- Fore body (Shipbuilding), the part of a ship forward of the
largest cross-section, distinguisched from middle body abd after
body.
 -- Fore boot, a receptacle in the front of a vehicle, for stowing
baggage, etc.
 -- Fore bow, the pommel of a saddle. Knight.
 -- Fore cabin, a cabin in the fore part of a ship, usually with
inferior accommodations.
 -- Fore carriage. (a) The forward part of the running gear of a
four-wheeled vehicle. (b) A small carriage at the front end of a plow
beam.
 -- Fore course (Naut.), the lowermost sail on the foremost of a
square-rigged vessel; the foresail. See Illust. under Sail.
 -- Fore door. Same as Front door.
 -- Fore edge, the front edge of a book or folded sheet, etc.
 -- Fore elder, an ancestor. [Prov. Eng.] -- Fore end. (a) The end
which precedes; the earlier, or the nearer, part; the beginning.
I have . . . paid More pious debts to heaven, than in all The fore
end of my time. Shak.
(b) In firearms, the wooden stock under the barrel, forward of the
trigger guard, or breech frame.
 -- Fore girth, a girth for the fore part (of a horse, etc.); a
martingale.
 -- Fore hammer, a sledge hammer, working alternately, or in time,
with the hand hammer.
 -- Fore leg, one of the front legs of a quadruped, or multiped, or
of a chair, settee, etc.
 -- Fore peak (Naut.), the angle within a ship's bows; the portion of
the hold which is farthest forward.
 -- Fore piece, a front piece, as the flap in the fore part of a
sidesaddle, to guard the rider's dress.
 -- Fore plane, a carpenter's plane, in size and use between a jack
plane and a smoothing plane. Knight.
 -- Fore reading, previous perusal. [Obs.] Hales.
 -- Fore rent, in Scotland, rent payable before a crop is gathered.
 -- Fore sheets (Naut.), the forward portion of a rowboat; the space
beyond the front thwart. See Stern sheets.
 -- Fore shore. (a) A bank in advance of a sea wall, to break the
force of the surf. (b) The seaward projecting, slightly inclined
portion of a breakwater. Knight. (c) The part of the shore between
high and low water marks.
 -- Fore sight, that one of the two sights of a gun which is near the
muzzle.
 -- Fore tackle (Naut.), the tackle on the foremast of a ship.
 -- Fore topmast. (Naut.) See Fore-topmast, in the Vocabulary.
 -- Fore wind, a favorable wind. [Obs.]
Sailed on smooth seas, by fore winds borne. Sandys.
-- Fore world, the antediluvian world. [R.] Southey.

FORE
Fore, n.

Defn: The front; hence, that which is in front; the future. At the
fore (Naut.), at the fore royal masthead; -- said of a flag, so
raised as a signal for sailing, etc.
 -- To the fore. (a) In advance; to the front; to a prominent
position; in plain sight; in readiness for use. (b) In existence;
alive; not worn out, lost, or spent, as money, etc. [Irish] "While I
am to the fore." W. Collins. "How many captains in the regiment had
two thousand pounds to the fore" Thackeray.

FORE
Fore, prep.

Defn: Before; -- sometimes written 'fore as if a contraction of afore
or before. [Obs.]

FOREADMONISH
Fore`ad*mon"ish, v. t.

Defn: To admonish beforehand, or before the act or event. Bp. Hall.

FOREADVISE
Fore`ad*vise", v. t.

Defn: To advise or counsel before the time of action, or before the
event. Shak.

FOREALLEGE
Fore`al*lege", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forealleged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Forealleging.]

Defn: To allege or cite before. Fotherby.

FOREAPPOINT
Fore`ap*point", v. t.

Defn: To set, order, or appoint, beforehand. Sherwood.

FOREAPPOINTMENT
Fore`ap*point"ment, n.

Defn: Previous appointment; preordinantion. Sherwood.

FOREARM
Fore*arm", v. t.

Defn: To arm or prepare for attack or resistance before the time of
need. South.

FOREARM
Fore"arm`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: That part of the arm or fore limb between the elbow and wrist;
the antibrachium.

FOREBEAM
Fore"beam`, n.

Defn: The breast beam of a loom.

FOREBEAR
Fore*bear", n.

Defn: An ancestor. See Forbear.

FOREBODE
Fore*bode", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foreboded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Foreboding.] Etym: [AS. forebodian; fore + bodian to announce. See
Bode v. t.]

1. To foretell.

2. To be prescient of (some ill or misfortune); to have an inward
conviction of, as of a calamity which is about to happen; to augur
despondingly.
His heart forebodes a mystery. Tennyson.
Sullen, desponding, and foreboding nothing but wars and desolation,
as the certain consequence of Cæsar's death. Middleton.
I have a sort of foreboding about him. H. James.

Syn.
 -- To foretell; predict; prognosticate; augur; presage; portend;
betoken.

FOREBODE
Fore*bode", v. i.

Defn: To fortell; to presage; to augur.
If I forebode aright. Hawthorne.

FOREBODE
Fore*bode", n.

Defn: Prognostication; presage. [Obs.]

FOREBODEMENT
Fore*bode"ment, n.

Defn: The act of foreboding; the thing foreboded.

FOREBODER
Fore*bod"er, n.

Defn: One who forebodes.

FOREBODING
Fore*bod"ing, n.

Defn: Presage of coming ill; expectation of misfortune.

FOREBODINGLY
Fore*bod"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a foreboding manner.

FOREBRACE
Fore"brace`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope applied to the fore yardarm, to change the position of
the foresail.

FOREBRAIN
Fore"brain`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The anterior of the three principal divisions of the brain,
including the prosencephalon and thalamencephalon. Sometimes
restricted to the prosencephalon only. See Brain.

FOREBY
Fore*by", prep. Etym: [Fore + by.]

Defn: Near; hard by; along; past. See Forby. Spenser.

FORECAST
Fore*cast", v. t.

1. To plan beforehand; to scheme; to project.
He shall forecast his devices against the strongholds. Dan. xi. 24.

2. To foresee; to calculate beforehand, so as to provide for.
It is wisdom to consider the end of things before we embark, and to
forecast consequences. L'Estrange.

FORECAST
Fore*cast", v. i.

Defn: To contrive or plan beforehand.
If it happen as I did forecast. Milton.

FORECAST
Fore"cast, n.

Defn: Previous contrivance or determination; predetermination.
He makes this difference to arise from the forecast and
predetermination of the gods themselves. Addison.

2. Foresight of consequences, and provision against them; prevision;
premeditation.
His calm, deliberate forecast better fitted him for the council than
the camp. Prescott.

FORECASTER
Fore*cast"er, n.

Defn: One who forecast. Johnson.

FORECASTLE
Fore"cas`tle (; sailors say , n. (Naut.)
(a) A short upper deck forward, formerly raised like a castle, to
command an enemy's decks.
(b) That part of the upper deck of a vessel forward of the foremast,
or of the after part of the fore channels.
(c) In merchant vessels, the forward part of the vessel, under the
deck, where the sailors live.

FORECHOSEN
Fore`cho"sen, a.

Defn: Chosen beforehand.

FORECITED
Fore"cit`ed, a.

Defn: Cited or quoted before or above. Arbuthnot.

FORECLOSE
Fore*close", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foreclosed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Foreclosing.] Etym: [F. forclos, p.p. of forclore to exclude; OF.
fors, F. hors, except, outside (fr. L. foris outside) + F. clore to
close. See Foreign, and Close, v. t.]

Defn: To shut up or out; to preclude; to stop; to prevent; to bar; to
exclude.
The embargo with Spain foreclosed this trade. Carew.
To foreclose a mortgager (Law), to cut him off by a judgment of court
from the power of redeeming the mortgaged premises, termed his equity
of redemption.
 -- To foreclose a mortgage, (not technically correct, but often used
to signify) the obtaining a judgment for the payment of an overdue
mortgage, and the exposure of the mortgaged property to sale to meet
the mortgage debt. Wharton.

FORECLOSURE
Fore*clo"sure, n.

Defn: The act or process of foreclosing; a proceeding which bars or
extinguishes a mortgager's right of redeeming a mortgaged estate.

FORECONCEIVE
Fore`con*ceive", v. t.

Defn: To preconceive; to imagine beforehand. [Obs.] Bacon.

FOREDATE
Fore*date", v. t.

Defn: To date before the true time; to antendate.

FOREDECK
Fore"deck`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The fore part of a deck, or of a ship.

FOREDEEM
Fore*deem", v. t.

Defn: To recognize or judge in advance; to forebode. [Obs.] Udall.
Laugh at your misery, as foredeeming you An idle meteor. J. Webster.

FOREDEEM
Fore*deem", v. i. Etym: [Cf. Foredoom.]

Defn: To know or discover beforehand; to foretell. [Obs.]
Which [maid] could guess and foredeem of things past, present, and to
come. Genevan Test.

FOREDESIGN
Fore`de*sign" ( or ), v. t.

Defn: To plan beforehand; to intend previously. Cheyne.

FOREDETERMINE
Fore`de*ter"mine, v. t.

Defn: To determine or decree beforehand. Bp. Hopkins.

FOREDISPOSE
Fore`dis*pose", v. t.

Defn: To bestow beforehand. [R.]
King James had by promise foredisposed the place on the Bishop of
Meath. Fuller.

FOREDOOM
Fore*doom", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Foredeem.]

Defn: To doom beforehand; to predestinate.
Thou art foredomed to view the Stygian state. Dryden.

FOREDOOM
Fore"doom`, n.

Defn: Doom or sentence decreed in advance. "A dread foredoom ringing
in the ears of the guilty adult." Southey.

FOREFATHER
Fore"fa`ther, n.

Defn: One who precedes another in the line of genealogy in any
degree, but usually in a remote degree; an ancestor.
Respecting your forefathers, you would have been taught to respect
yourselves. Burke.
Forefathers' Day, the anniversary of the day (December 21) on which
the Pilgrim Fathers landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts (1620). On
account of a mistake in reckoning the change from Old Style to New
Style, it has generally been celebrated on the 22d.

FOREFEEL
Fore*feel", v. t.

Defn: To feel beforehand; to have a presentiment of. [Obs.]
As when, with unwieldy waves, the great sea forefeels winds. Chapman.

FOREFENCE
Fore`fence", n.

Defn: Defense in front. [Obs.]

FOREFEND
Fore*fend", v. t. Etym: [OE. forfenden; pref. for- + fenden to fend.
See Fend, v. t.]

Defn: To hinder; to fend off; to avert; to prevent the approach of;
to forbid or prohibit. See Forfend.
God forefend it should ever be recorded in our history. Landor.
It would be a far better work . . . to forefend the cruelty. I.
Taylor.

FOREFINGER
Fore"fin`ger, n.

Defn: The finger next to the thumb; the index.

FOREFLOW
Fore*flow", v. t.

Defn: To flow before. [Obs.]

FOREFOOT
Fore"foot`, n.

1. One of the anterior feet of a quardruped or multiped; -- usually
written fore foot.

2. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A piece of timber which terminates the keel at the fore end,
connecting it with the lower end of the stem.

FOREFRONT
Fore"front`, n.

Defn: Foremost part or place.
Set ye Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle. 2 Sam. xi. 15.
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, standing in the forefront for all time,
the masters of those who know. J. C. Shairp.

FOREGAME
Fore"game`, n.

Defn: A first game; first plan. [Obs.] Whitlock.

FOREGANGER
Fore"gang`er, n. Etym: [Prop., a goer before cf. G. voregänger. See
Fore, and Gang.] (Naut.)

Defn: A short rope grafted on a harpoon, to which a longer lin
Totten.

FOREGATHER
Fore*gath"er, v. i.

Defn: Same as Forgather.

FOREGIFT
Fore"gift`, n. (Law)

Defn: A premium paid by

FOREGLEAM
Fore"gleam`, n.

Defn: An antecedent or premonitory gleam; a dawning light.
The foregleams of wisdom. Whittier.

FOREGO
Fore*go", v. t. [imp. Forewent 2; p. p. Foregone; p. pr. & vb. n.
Foregoing.] Etym: [See Forgo.]

1. To quit; to relinquish; to leave.
Stay at the third cup, or forego the place. Herbert.

2. To relinquish the enjoyment or advantage of; to give up; to
resign; to renounce; -- said of a thing already enjoyed, or of one
within reach, or anticipated.
All my patrimony,, If need be, I am ready to forego. Milton.
Thy lovers must their promised heaven forego. Keble.
[He] never forewent an opportunity of honest profit. R. L. Stevenson.

Note: Forgo is the better spelling etymologically, but the word has
been confused with Forego, to go before.

FOREGO
Fore*go", v. t. Etym: [AS. foregan; fore + gan to go; akin to G.
vorgehen to go before, precede. See GO, v. i.]

Defn: To go before; to precede; -- used especially in the present and
past participles.
Pleasing remembrance of a thought foregone. Wordsworth.
For which the very mother's face forewent The mother's special
patience. Mrs. Browning.
Foregone conclusion, one which has preceded argument or examination;
one predetermined.

FOREGOER
Fore*go"er, n.

1. One who goes before another; a predecessor; hence, an ancestor' a
progenitor.

2. A purveyor of the king; -- so called, formerly, from going before
to provide for his household. [Obs.]

FOREGOER
Fore*go"er, n. Etym: [Etymologically forgoer.]

Defn: One who forbears to enjoy.

FOREGROUND
Fore"ground`, n.

Defn: On a painting, and sometimes in a bas-relief, mosaic picture,
or the like, that part of the scene represented, which is nearest to
the spectator, and therefore occupies the lowest part of the work of
art itself. Cf. Distance, n., 6.

FOREGUESS
Fore*guess", v. t.

Defn: To conjecture. [Obs.]

FOREGUT
Fore"gut`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The anterior part of the alimentary canal, from the mouth to
the intestine, o

FOREHAND
Fore"hand`, n.

1. All that part of a horse which is before the rider. Johnson.

2. The chief or most important part. Shak.

3. Superiority; advantage; start; precedence.
And, but for ceremony, such a wretch . . . Had the forehand and
vantage of a king. Shak.

FOREHAND
Fore"hand`, a.

Defn: Done beforehand; anticipative.
And so extenuate the forehand sin. Shak.

FOREHANDED
Fore"hand`ed, a.

1. Early; timely; seasonable. "Forehanded care." Jer. Taylor.

2. Beforehand with one's needs, or having resources in advance of
one's necessities; in easy circumstances; as, a forehanded farmer.
[U.S.]

3. Formed in the forehand or fore parts.
A substantial, true-bred beast, bravely forehanded. Dryden.

FOREHEAD
Fore"head, n.

1. The front of that part of the head which incloses the brain; that
part of the face above the eyes; the brow.

2. The aspect or countenance; assurance.
To look with forehead bold and big enough Upon the power and
puissance of the king. Shak.

3. The front or fore part of anything.
Flames in the forehead of the morning sky. Milton.
So rich advantage of a promised glory As smiles upon the forehead of
this action. Shak.

FOREHEAR
Fore*hear", v. i. & t.

Defn: To hear beforehand.

FOREHEARTH
Fore"hearth`, n. (Metal.)

Defn: The forward extension of the hearth of a blast furnace under
the tymp.

FOREHEND
Fore*hend", v. t.

Defn: See Forhend. [Obs.]

FOREHEW
Fore*hew", v. t.

Defn: To hew or cut in front. [Obs.] Sackville.

FOREHOLD
Fore"hold`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The forward part of the hold of a ship.

FOREHOLDING
Fore*hold"ing, n.

Defn: Ominous foreboding; superstitious prognostication. [Obs.]
L'Estrange.

FOREHOOK
Fore"hook`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of timber placed across the stem, to unite the bows and
strengthen the fore part of the ship; a breast hook.

FOREIGN
For"eign, a. Etym: [OE. forein, F. forain, LL. foraneus, fr. L.
foras, foris, out of doors, abroad, without; akin to fores doors, and
E. door. See Door, and cf. Foreclose, Forfeit, Forest, Forum.]

1. Outside; extraneous; separated; alien; as, a foreign country; a
foreign government. "Foreign worlds." Milton.

2. Not native or belonging to a certain country; born in or belonging
to another country, nation, sovereignty, or locality; as, a foreign
language; foreign fruits. "Domestic and foreign writers." Atterbury.
Hail, foreign wonder! Whom certain these rough shades did never
breed. Milton.

3. Remote; distant; strange; not belonging; not connected; not
pertaining or pertient; not appropriate; not harmonious; not
agreeable; not congenial; -- with to or from; as, foreign to the
purpose; foreign to one's nature.
This design is not foreign from some people's thoughts. Swift.

4. Held at a distance; excluded; exiled. [Obs.]
Kept him a foreign man still; which so grieved him, That he ran mad
and died. Shak.
Foreign attachment (Law), a process by which the property of a
foreign or absent debtor is attached for the satisfaction of a debt
due from him to the plaintiff; an attachment of the goods, effects,
or credits of a debtor in the hands of a third person; -- called in
some States trustee, in others factorizing, and in others garnishee
process. Kent. Tomlins. Cowell.
 -- Foreign bill, a bill drawn in one country, and payable in
another, as distinguished from an inland bill, which is one drawn and
payable in the same country. In this latter, as well as in several
other points of view, the different States of the United States are
foreign to each other. See Exchange, n., 4. Kent. Story.
 -- Foreign body (Med.), a substance occurring in any part of the
body where it does not belong, and usually introduced from without.
 -- Foreign office, that department of the government of Great
Britain which has charge British interests in foreign countries.

Syn.
 -- Outlandish; alien; exotic; remote; distant; extraneous;
extrinsic.

FOREIGNER
For"eign*er, n.

Defn: A person belonging to or owning allegiance to a foreign
country; one not native in the country or jurisdiction under
consideration, or not naturalized there; an alien; a stranger.
Joy is such a foreigner, So mere a stranger to my thoughts. Denham.
Nor could the majesty of the English crown appear in a greater
luster, either to foreigners or subjects. Swift.

FOREIGNISM
For"eign*ism, n.

Defn: Anything peculiar to a foreign language or people; a foreign
idiom or custom.
It is a pity to see the technicalities of the so-called liberal
professions distigured by foreignisms. Fitzed. Hall.

FOREIGNNESS
For"eign*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being foreign; remoteness; want of relation or
appropriateness.
Let not the foreignness of the subject hinder you from endeavoring to
set me right. Locke.
A foreignness of complexion. G. Eliot.

FOREIN
For"ein, a.

Defn: Foreign. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FOREJUDGE
Fore*judge", v. t. Etym: [Fore + judge.]

Defn: To judge beforehand, or before hearing the facts and proof; to
prejudge.

FOREJUDGE
Fore*judge", v. t. Etym: [For forjudge, fr. F. forjuger; OF. fors
outside, except + F. juger to judge.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: To expel from court for some offense or misconduct, as an
attorney or officer; to deprive or put out of a thing by the judgment
of a court. Burrill.

FOREJUDGER
Fore*judg"er, n. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A judgment by which one is deprived or put of a right or thing
in question.

FOREJUDGMENT
Fore*judg"ment, n.

Defn: Prejudgment. [Obs.] Spenser.

FOREKNOW
Fore*know", v. t. [imp. Foreknew; p. p. Foreknown; p. pr. & vb. n.
Foreknowing.]

Defn: To have previous knowledge of; to know beforehand.
Who would the miseries of man foreknow Dryden.

FOREKNOWABLE
Fore*know"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be foreknown. Dr. H. More.

FOREKNOWER
Fore*know"er, n.

Defn: One who foreknows.

FOREKNOWINGLY
Fore*know"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With foreknowledge.
He who . . . foreknowingly loses his life. Jer. Taylor.

FOREKNOWLEDGE
Fore*knowl"edge, n.

Defn: Knowledge of a thing before it happens, or of whatever is to
happen; prescience.
If I foreknew, Foreknowledge had no influence on their fault. Milton.

FOREL
For"el, n. Etym: [OE. forelcase, sheath, OF. forel, fourel, F.
fourreau, LL. forellus, fr. OF. forre, fuerre, sheath, case, of
German origin; cf. OHG. fuotar, akin to Goth. fodr; prob. not the
same word as E. fodder food. Cf. Fur, Fodder food.]

Defn: A kind of parchment for book covers. See Forrill.

FOREL
For"el, v. t.

Defn: To bind with a forel. [R.] Fuller.

FORELAND
Fore"land`, n.

1. A promontory or cape; a headland; as, the North and South Foreland
in Kent, England.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: A piece of ground between the wall of a place and the moat.
Farrow.

3. (Hydraul. Engin.)

Defn: That portion of the natural shore on the outside of the
embankment which receives the stock of waves and deadens their force.
Knight.

FORELAY
Fore*lay", v. t.

1. To lay down beforehand.
These grounds being forelaid and understood. Mede.

2. To waylay. See Forlay. [Obs.]

FORELEADER
Fore*lead"er, n.

Defn: One who leads others by his example; aguide.

FORELEND
Fore*lend", v. t.

Defn: See Forlend. [Obs.]
As if that life to losse they had forelent. Spenser.

FORELET
Fore*let", v. t.

Defn: See Forlet. [Obs.] Holland.

FORELIE
Fore*lie", v. i.

Defn: To lie in front of. [Obs.]
Which forelay Athwart her snowy breast. Spenser.

FORELIFT
Fore*lift", v. t.

Defn: To lift up in front. [Obs.]

FORELOCK
Fore"lock`, n.

1. The lock of hair that grows from the forepart of the head.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A cotter or split pin, as in a slot in a bolt, to prevent
retraction; a linchpin; a pin fastening the cap-square of a gun.
Forelock bolt, a bolt retained by a key, gib, or cotter passing
through a slot.
 -- Forelock hook (Rope Making), a winch or whirl by which a bunch of
three yarns is twisted into a standard. Knight.
 -- To take time, or occasion, by the forelock, to make prompt use of
anything; not to let slip an opportunity.
Time is painted with a lock before and bald behind, signifying
thereby that we must take time by the forelock; for when it is once
past, there is no recalling it. Swift.
On occasion's forelock watchful wait. Milton.

FORELOOK
Fore*look", v. i.

Defn: To look beforehand or forward. [Obs.] Spenser.

FOREMAN
Fore"man, n.; pl. Foremen (.

Defn: The first or chief man; as:
(a) The chief man of a jury, who acts as their speaker.
(b) The chief of a set of hands employed in a shop, or on works of
any kind, who superintends the rest; an overseer.

FOREMAST
Fore"mast`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The mast nearest the bow. Foremast hand or man (Naut.), a
common sailor; also, a man stationed to attend to the gear of the
foremast.

FOREMEANT
Fore*meant", a.

Defn: Intended beforehand; premeditated. [Obs.] Spenser.

FOREMENTIONED
Fore"men`tioned, a.

Defn: Mentioned before; already cited; aforementioned. Addison.

FOREMILK
Fore"milk`, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The milk secreted just before, or directly after, the birth of
a child or of the young of an animal; colostrum.

FOREMOST
Fore"most`, a. Etym: [OE. formest first, AS. formest, fyrmest,
superl. of forma first, which is a superl. fr. fore fore; cf. Goth.
frumist, fruma, first. See Fore, adv., and cf. First, Former, Frame,
v. t., Prime, a.]

Defn: First in time or place; most advanced; chief in rank or
dignity; as, the foremost troops of an army.
THat struck the foremost man of all this world. Shak.

FOREMOSTLY
Fore"most`ly, adv.

Defn: In the foremost place or order; among the foremost. J. Webster.

FOREMOTHER
Fore"moth`er, n.

Defn: A female ancestor.

FORENAME
Fore"name`, n.

Defn: A name that precedes the family name or surname; a first name.
Selden.

FORENAME
Fore"name`, v. t.

Defn: To name or mention before. Shak.

FORENAMED
Fore"named`, a.

Defn: Named before; aforenamed.

FORENDIHAZ
Fö"ren*di*ház`, n. [Hung., lit., House of Lords.] (Hungary)

Defn: See Legislature.

FORENENST
Fore*nenst", prep. Etym: [See Fore, and Anent.]

Defn: Over against; opposite to. [Now dialectic]
The land forenenst the Greekish shore. Fairfax.

FORE-NIGHT
Fore"-night`, n.

Defn: The evening between twilight and bedtime. [Scot.]

FORENOON
Fore"noon", n.

Defn: The early part of the day, from morning to meridian, or noon.

FORENOTICE
Fore"no`tice, n.

Defn: Notice or information of an event before it happens;
forewarning. [R.] Rymer.

FORENSAL
Fo*ren"sal, a.

Defn: Forensic. [R.]

FORENSIC
Fo*ren"sic, a. Etym: [L. forensis, fr. forum a public place, market
place. See Forum.]

Defn: Belonging to courts of judicature or to public discussion and
debate; used in legal proceedings, or in public discussions;
argumentative; rhetorical; as, forensic eloquence or disputes.
Forensic medicine, medical jurisprudence; medicine in its relations
to law.

FORENSIC
Fo*ren"sic, n. (Amer. Colleges)

Defn: An exercise in debate; a forensic contest; an argumentative
thesis.

FORENSICAL
Fo*ren"sic*al, a.

Defn: Forensic. Berkley.

FOREORDAIN
Fore`or*dain", v. t.

Defn: To ordain or appoint beforehand; to preordain; to predestinate;
to predetermine. Hooker.

FOREORDINATE
Fore*or"di*nate, v. t.

Defn: To foreordain.

FOREORDINATION
Fore*or`di*na"tion, n.

Defn: Previous ordination or appointment; predetermination;
predestination.

FORE PART; FOREPART
Fore" part`, or; Fore"part`, n.

Defn: The part most advanced, or first in time or in place; the
beginning.

FOREPAST
Fore"past`, a.

Defn: Bygone. [Obs.] Shak.

FOREPOSSESSED
Fore`pos*sessed", a.

1. Holding or held formerly in possession. [Obs.]

2. Preoccupied; prepossessed; preëngaged. [Obs.]
Not extremely forepossessed with prejudice. Bp. Sanderson.

FOREPRIZE
Fore*prize", v. t.

Defn: To prize or rate beforehand. [Obs.] Hooker.

FOREPROMISED
Fore`prom"ised, a.

Defn: Promised beforehand; preëngaged. Bp. Hall.

FOREQUOTED
Fore"quot`ed, a.

Defn: Cited before; quoted in a foregoing part of the treatise or
essay.

FORERAN
Fore*ran",

Defn: imp. of Forerun.

FORERANK
Fore"rank`, n.

Defn: The first rank; the front.

FOREREACH
Fore*reach", v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To advance or gain upon; -- said of a vessel that gains upon
another when sailing closehauled.

FOREREACH
Fore*reach", v. i. (Naut.)

Defn: To shoot ahead, especially when going in stays. R. H. Dana, Jr.

FOREREAD
Fore*read", v. t.

Defn: To tell beforehand; to signify by tokens; to predestine. [Obs.]
Spenser.

FORERECITED
Fore`re*cit"ed, a.

Defn: Named or recited before. "The forerecited practices." Shak.

FOREREMEMBERED
Fore`re*mem"bered, a.

Defn: Called to mind previously. Bp. Montagu.

FORERIGHT
Fore"right`, a.

Defn: Ready; directly forward; going before. [Obs.] "A foreright
wind." Chapman.

FORERIGHT
Fore"right`, adv.

Defn: Right forward; onward. [Obs.]

FORERUN
Fore*run", v. t.

1. To turn before; to precede; to be in advance of (something
following).

2. To come before as an earnest of something to follow; to introduce
as a harbinger; to announce.
These signs forerun the death or fall of kings. Shak.

FORERUNNER
Fore*run"ner, n.

1. A messenger sent before to give notice of the approach of others;
a harbinger; a sign foreshowing something; a prognostic; as, the
forerunner of a fever.
Whither the forerunner in for us entered, even Jesus. Heb. vi. 20.
My elder brothers, my forerunners, came. Dryden.

2. A predecessor; an ancestor. [Obs.] Shak.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of rag terminating the log line.

FORESAID
Fore"said`, a.

Defn: Mentioned before; aforesaid.

FORESAIL
Fore"sail`, n. (Naut.)
(a) The sail bent to the foreyard of a square-rigged vessel, being
the lowest sail on the foremast.
(b) The gaff sail set on the foremast of a schooner.
(c) The fore staysail of a sloop, being the triangular sail next
forward of the mast.

FORESAY
Fore*say", v. t. Etym: [AS. foresecgan; fore + secgan to say. See
Say, v. t.]

Defn: To foretell. [Obs.]
Her danger nigh that sudden change foresaid. Fairfax.

FORESEE
Fore*see", v. t. Etym: [AS. foreseón; fore + seón to see. See See, v.
t.]

1. To see beforehand; to have prescience of; to foreknow.
A prudent man foreseeth the evil. Prov. xxii. 3.

2. To provide. [Obs.]
Great shoals of people, which go on to populate, without foreseeing
means of life. Bacon.

FORESEE
Fore*see", v. i.

Defn: To have or exercise foresight. [Obs.]

FORESEEN
Fore*seen", conj.

Defn: , or (strictly) p. p. Provided; in case that; on condition
that. [Obs.]
One manner of meat is most sure to every complexion, foreseen that it
be alway most commonly in conformity of qualities, with the person
that eateth. Sir T. Elyot.

FORESEER
Fore*se"er, n.

Defn: One who foresees or foreknows.

FORESEIZE
Fore*seize", v. t.

Defn: To seize beforehand.

FORESHADOW
Fore*shad"ow, v. t.

Defn: To shadow or typi Dryden.

FORESHEW
Fore*shew", v. t.

Defn: See Foreshow.

FORESHIP
Fore"ship`, n.

Defn: The fore part of a ship. [Obs.]

FORESHORTEN
Fore*short"en, v. t.

1. (Fine Art)

Defn: To represent on a plane surface, as if extended in a direction
toward the spectator or nearly so; to shorten by drawing in
perspective.

2. Fig.: To represent pictorially to the imagination.
Songs, and deeds, and lives that lie Foreshortened in the tract of
time. Tennyson.

FORESHORTENING
Fore*short"en*ing, n. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Representation in a foreshortened mode or way.

FORESHOT
Fore"shot`, n.

Defn: In distillation of low wines, the first portion of spirit that
comes over, being a fluid abounding in fusel oil. Knight.

FORESHOW
Fore*show", v. t. Etym: [AS. foresceáwian to foresee, provide; fore +
sceáwian to see. See Show, v. t.]

Defn: To show or exhibit beforehand; to give foreknowledge of; to
prognosticate; to foretell.
Your looks foreshow You have a gentle heart. Shak.
Next, like Aurora, Spenser rose, Whose purple blush the day
foreshows. Denham.

FORESHOWER
Fore*show"er, n.

Defn: One who predicts.

FORESIDE
Fore"side, n.

1. The front side; the front; esp., a stretch of country fronting the
sea.

2. The outside or external covering. Spenser.

FORESIGHT
Fore"sight`, n.

1. The act or the power of foreseeing; prescience; foreknowledge.
Milton.

2. Action in reference to the future; provident care; prudence; wise
forethought.
This seems an unseasonable foresight. Milton.
A random expense, without plan or foresight. Burke.

3. (Surv.)

Defn: Any sight or reading of the leveling staff, except the
backsight; any sight or bearing taken by a compass or theodolite in a
forward direction.

4. (Gun.)

Defn: Muzzle sight. See Fore sight, under Fore, a.

FORESIGHTED
Fore"sight`ed, a.

Defn: Sagacious; prudent; provident for the future. Bartram.

FORESIGHTFUL
Fore"sight`ful, a.

Defn: Foresighted. [Obs.]

FORESIGNIFY
Fore*sig"ni*fy, v. t.

Defn: To signify beforehand; to foreshow; to typify. Milton.

FORESKIN
Fore"skin, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The fold of skin which covers the glans of the penis; the
prepuce.

FORESKIRT
Fore"skirt`, n.

Defn: The front skirt of a garment, in distinction from the train.
Honor's train Is longer than his foreskirt. Shak.

FORESLACK
Fore*slack", v. t. [Obs.]

Defn: See Forslack.

FORESLEEVE
Fore"sleeve`, n.

Defn: The sleeve below the elbow.

FORESLOW
Fore*slow", v. t. Etym: [See Forslow.]

Defn: To make slow; to hinder; to obstruct. [Obs.] See Forslow, v. t.
No stream, no wood, no mountain could foreslow Their hasty pace.
Fairfax.

FORESLOW
Fore*slow", v. i.

Defn: To loiter. [Obs.] See Forslow, v. i.

FORESPEAK
Fore*speak", v. t. [Obs.]

Defn: See Forspeak.

FORESPEAK
Fore*speak", v. t.

Defn: To foretell; to predict. [Obs.]
My mother was half a witch; never anything that she forespake but
came to pass. Beau. & Fl.

FORESPEAKING
Fore"speak`ing, n.

Defn: A prediction; also, a preface. [Obs.] Camden. Huloet.

FORESPEECH
Fore"speech`, n.

Defn: A preface. [Obs.] Sherwood.

FORESPENT
Fore*spent", a. Etym: [Fore + spent.]

Defn: Already spent; gone by; past. [Obs.] Shak.

FORESPENT
Fore*spent", a. [Obs.]

Defn: See Forspent.

FORESPURRER
Fore*spur"rer, n.

Defn: One who rides before; a harbinger. [Obs.] Shak.

FOREST
For"est, n. Etym: [OF. forest, F. forêt, LL. forestis, also,
forestus, forestum, foresta, prop., open ground reserved for the
chase, fr. L. foris, foras, out of doors, abroad. See Foreign.]

1. An extensive wood; a large tract of land covered with trees; in
the United States, a wood of native growth, or a tract of woodland
which has never been cultivated.

2. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A large extent or precinct of country, generally waste and
woody, belonging to the sovereign, set apart for the keeping of game
for his use, not inclosed, but distinguished by certain limits, and
protected by certain laws, courts, and officers of its own. Burrill.

FOREST
For"est, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a forest; sylvan. Forest fly. (Zoöl.) (a)
One of numerous species of blood-sucking flies, of the family
Tabanidæ, which attack both men and beasts. See Horse fly. (b) A fly
of the genus Hippobosca, esp. H. equina. See Horse tick.
 -- Forest glade, a grassy space in a forest. Thomson.
 -- Forest laws, laws for the protection of game, preservation of
timber, etc., in forests.
 -- Forest tree, a tree of the forest, especially a timber tree, as
distinguished from a fruit tree.

FOREST
For"est, v. t.

Defn: To cover with trees or wood.

FORESTAFF
Fore"staff`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: An instrument formerly used at sea for taking the altitudes of
heavenly bodies, now superseded by the sextant; -- called also cross-
staff. Brande & C.

FORESTAGE
For"est*age, n. Etym: [Cf. F. forestage.] (O. Eng. Law)
(a) A duty or tribute payable to the king's foresters.
(b) A service paid by foresters to the king.

FORESTAL
For"est*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to forests; as, forestal rights.

FORESTALL
Fore*stall", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forestalled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Forestalling.] Etym: [OE. forstallen to stop, to obstruct; to stop
(goods) on the way to the market by buying them beforehand, from
forstal obstruction, AS. forsteal, foresteall, prop., a placing one's
self before another. See Fore, and Stall.]

1. To take beforehand, or in advance; to anticipate.
What need a man forestall his date of grief, And run to meet what he
would most avoid Milton.

2. To take possession of, in advance of some one or something else,
to the exclusion or detriment of the latter; to get ahead of; to
preoccupy; also, to exclude, hinder, or prevent, by prior occupation,
or by measures taken in advance.

An ugly serpent which forestalled their way. Fairfax.
But evermore those damsels did forestall Their furious encounter.
Spenser.
To be forestalled ere we come to fall. Shak.
Habit is a forestalled and obstinate judge. Rush.

3. To deprive; -- with of. [R.]
All the better; may This night forestall him of the coming day! Shak.

4. (Eng. Law)

Defn: To obstruct or stop up, as a way; to stop the passage of on
highway; to intercept on the road, as goods on the way to market. To
forestall the market, to buy or contract for merchandise or provision
on its way to market, with the intention of selling it again at a
higher price; to dissuade persons from bringing their goods or
provisions there; or to persuade them to enhance the price when
there. This was an offense at law in England until 1844. Burrill.

Syn.
 -- To anticipate; monopolize; engross.

FORESTALLER
Fore*stall"er, n.

Defn: One who forestalls; esp., one who forestalls the market. Locke.

FORESTAY
Fore"stay`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A large, strong rope, reaching from the foremast head to the
bowsprit, to support the mast. See Illust. under Ship.

FORESTER
For"est*er, n. Etym: [F. forestier, LL. forestarius.]

1. One who has charge of the growing timber on an estate; an officer
appointed to watch a forest and preserve the game.

2. An inhabitant of a forest. Wordsworth.

3. A forest tree. [R.] Evelyn.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lepidopterous insect belonging to Alypia and allied genera;
as, the eight-spotted forester (A. octomaculata), which in the larval
state is injurious to the grapevine.

FORESTICK
Fore"stick`, n.

Defn: Front stick of a hearth fire.

FORESTRY
For"est*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. foresterie.]

Defn: The art of forming or of cultivating forests; the management of
growing timber.

FORESWART; FORESWART
Fore"swart`, Fore"swart`, a. [Obs.]

Defn: See Forswat.

FORETASTE
Fore"taste`, n.

Defn: A taste beforehand; enjoyment in advance; anticipation.

FORETASTE
Fore*taste", v. t.

1. To taste before full possession; to have previous enjoyment or
experience of; to anticipate.

2. To taste before another. "Foretasted fruit." Milton.

FORETASTER
Fore"tast`er ( or ), n.

Defn: One who tastes beforehand, or before another.

FORETEACH
Fore*teach", v. t.

Defn: To teach beforehand. [Obs.]

FORETELL
Fore*tell", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foretold; p. pr. & vb. n.
Foretelling.]

Defn: To predict; to tell before occurence; to prophesy; to foreshow.
Deeds then undone my faithful tongue foretold. Pope.
Prodigies, foretelling the future eminence and luster of his
character. C. Middleton.

Syn.
 -- To predict; prophesy; prognosticate; augur.

FORETELL
Fore*tell", v. i.

Defn: To utter predictions. Acts iii. 24.

FORETELLER
Fore*tell"er, n.

Defn: One who predicts. Boyle.

FORETHINK
Fore*think", v. t.

1. To think beforehand; to anticipate in the mind; to prognosticate.
[Obs.]
The soul of every man Prophetically doth forethink thy fall. Shak.

2. To contrive (something) beforehend. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

FORETHINK
Fore*think", v. i.

Defn: To contrive beforehand. [Obs.]

FORETHOUGHT
Fore"thought`, a.

Defn: Thought of, or planned, beforehand; aforethought; prepense;
hence, deliberate. "Forethought malice." Bacon.

FORETHOUGHT
Fore"thought`, n.

Defn: A thinking or planning beforehand; prescience; premeditation;
forecast; provident care.
A sphere that will demand from him forethought, courage, and wisdom.
I. Taylor.

FORETHOUGHTFUL
Fore"thought`ful, a.

Defn: Having forethought. [R.]

FORETIME
Fore"time`, n.

Defn: The past; the time before the present. "A very dim foretime."
J. C. Shairp.

FORETOKEN
Fore"to`ken, n. Etym: [AS. foretacen. See Token.]

Defn: Prognostic; previous omen. Sir P. Sidney.

FORETOKEN
Fore*to"ken, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foretokened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Foretokening.] Etym: [AS. foretacnian; fore + tacnian.]

Defn: To foreshow; to presignify; to prognosticate.
Whilst strange prodigious signs foretoken blood. Daniel.

FORE TOOTH
Fore" tooth`, pl. Fore teeth (. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the teeth in the forepart of the mouth; an incisor.

FORETOP
Fore"top`, n.

1. The hair on the forepart of the head; esp., a tuft or lock of hair
which hangs over the forehead, as of a horse.

2. That part of a headdress that is in front; the top of a periwig.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The platform at the head of the foremast.

FORE-TOPGALLANT
Fore`-top*gal"lant ( or ), a. (Naut.)

Defn: Designating the mast, sail, yard, etc., above the topmast; as,
the fore-topgallant sail. See Sail.

FORE-TOPMAST
Fore`-top"mast, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The mast erected at the head of the foremast, and at the head
of which stands the fore-topgallant mast. See Ship.

FORE-TOPSAIL
Fore`-top"sail ( or ), n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Sail.

FOREVER
For*ev"er, adv. Etym: [For, prep. + ever.]

1. Through eternity; through endless ages, eternally.

2. At all times; always.

Note: In England, for and ever are usually written and printed as two
separate words; but, in the United States, the general practice is to
make but a single word of them. Forever and ever, an emphatic
"forever."

Syn.
 -- Constantly; continually; invariably; unchangeably; incessantly;
always; perpetually; unceasingly; ceaselessly; interminably;
everlastingly; endlessly; eternally.

FOREVOUCHED
Fore*vouched", a.

Defn: Formerly vouched or avowed; affirmed in advance. [R.] Shak.

FOREWARD
Fore"ward`, n.

Defn: The van; the front. [Obs.]
My foreward shall be drawn out all in length, Consisting equally of
horse and foot. Shak.

FOREWARN
Fore*warn", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forewarned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Forewarning.]

Defn: To warn beforehand; to give previous warning, admonition,
information, or notice to; to caution in advance.
We were forewarned of your coming. Shak.

FOREWASTE
Fore*waste", v. t.

Defn: See Forewaste. Gascoigne.

FOREWEND
Fore*wend", v. t. Etym: [Fore + wend.]

Defn: To go before. [Obs.] Spenser.

FOREWISH
Fore*wish", v. t.

Defn: To wish beforehand.

FOREWIT
Fore"wit`, n.

1. A leader, or would-be leader, in matters of knowledge or taste.
[Obs.]
Nor that the forewits, that would draw the rest unto their liking,
always like the best. B. Jonson.

2. Foresight; prudence.
Let this forewit guide thy thought. Southwell.

FOREWITE
Fore*wite", v. t. [pres. indic. sing., 1st & 3d pers. Forewot, 2d
person Forewost (, pl. Forewiten (; imp. sing. Forewiste, pl.
Forewisten (; p. pr. & vb. n. Forewiting.] Etym: [AS. forewitan. See
Wit to know.]

Defn: To foreknow. [Obs.] [Written also forwete.] Chaucer.

FOREWOMAN
Fore"wom`an, n.; pl. Forewomen (.

Defn: A woman who is chief; a woman who has charge of the work or
workers in a shop or other place; a head woman. Tatler. W. Besant.

FOREWORD
Fore"word`, n.

Defn: A preface. Furnvall.

FOREWORN
Fore*worn", a. Etym: [See Forworn.]

Defn: Worn out; wasted; used up. [Archaic]
Old foreworn stories almost forgotten. Brydges.

FOREWOT
Fore*wot", pres. indic.

Defn: , 1st & 3d pers. sing. of Forewite. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FOREYARD
Fore"yard`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The lowermost yard on the foremast.

Note: [See Illust. of Ship.]

FORFALTURE
For"fal*ture, n.

Defn: Forfeiture. [Obs.]

FORFEIT
For"feit, n. Etym: [OE. forfet crime, penalty, F. forfait crime (LL.
forefactum, forifactum), prop. p.p. of forfaire to forfeit,
transgress, fr. LL. forifacere, prop., to act beyond; L. foris out of
doors, abroad, beyond + facere to do. See Foreign, and FAct.]

1. Injury; wrong; mischief. [Obs. & R.]
To seek arms upon people and country that never did us any forfeit.
Ld. Berners.

2. A thing forfeit or forfeited; what is or may be taken from one in
requital of a misdeed committed; that which is lost, or the right to
which is alienated, by a crime, offense, neglect of duty, or breach
of contract; hence, a fine; a mulct; a penalty; as, he who murders
pays the forfeit of his life.
Thy slanders I forgive; and therewithal Remit thy other forfeits.
Shak.

3. Something deposited and redeemable by a sportive fine; -- whence
the game of forfeits.
Country dances and forfeits shortened the rest of the day. Goldsmith.

FORFEIT
For"feit, a. Etym: [F. forfait, p.p. of forfaire. See Forfeit, n.]

Defn: Lost or alienated for an offense or crime; liable to penal
seizure.
Thy wealth being forfeit to the state. Shak.
To tread the forfeit paradise. Emerson.

FORFEIT
For"feit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forfeited; p. pr. & vb. n. Forfeiting.]
Etym: [OE. forfeten. See Forfeit, n.]

Defn: To lose, or lose the right to, by some error, fault, offense,
or crime; to render one's self by misdeed liable to be deprived of;
to alienate the right to possess, by some neglect or crime; as, to
forfeit an estate by treason; to forfeit reputation by a breach of
promise; -- with to before the one acquiring what is forfeited.
[They] had forfeited their property by their crimes. Burke.
Undone and forfeited to cares forever! Shak.

FORFEIT
For"feit, v. i.

1. To be guilty of a misdeed; to be criminal; to transgress. [Obs.]

2. To fail to keep an obligation. [Obs.]
I will have the heart of him if he forfeit. Shak.

FORFEIT
For"feit, p. p. or a.

Defn: In the condition of being forfeited; subject to alienation.
Shak.
Once more I will renew His lapsèd powers, though forfeite. Milton.

FORFEITABLE
For"feit*a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to be forfeited; subject to forfeiture.
For the future, uses shall be subject to the statutes of mortmain,
and forfeitable, like the lands themselves. Blackstone.

FORFEITER
For"feit*er, n.

Defn: One who incurs a penalty of forfeiture.

FORFEITURE
For"fei*ture, n. Etym: [F. forfeiture, LL. forisfactura.]

1. The act of forfeiting; the loss of some right, privilege, estate,
honor, office, or effects, by an offense, crime, breach of condition,
or other act.
Under pain of foreiture of the said goods. Hakluyt.

2. That which is forfeited; a penalty; a fine or mulct.
What should I gain By the exaction of the forfeiture Shak.

Syn.
 -- Fine; mulct; amercement; penalty.

FORFEND
For*fend", v. t. Etym: [Pref. for- + fend. See Forewend.]

Defn: To prohibit; to forbid; to avert. [Archaic]
Which peril heaven forefend! Shak.

Note: This is etymologically the preferable spelling.

FORFERED
For*fer"ed, p. p. & a. Etym: [See For-, and Fear.]

Defn: Excessively alarmed; in great fear. [Obs.] "Forfered of his
death." Chaucer.

FORFETE
For"fete, v. i. Etym: [See Forfeit.]

Defn: To incur a penalty; to transgress. [Obs.]
And all this suffered our Lord Jesus Christ that never forfeted.
Chaucer.

FORFEX
For"fex, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A pair of shears. Pope.

FORFICATE
For"fi*cate, a. Etym: [L. forfex, forficis, shears.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Deeply forked, as the tail of certain birds.

FORFICULA
For*fic"u*la, n. Etym: [L., small shears, scissors, dim. of forfex
shears.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of insects including the earwigs. See Earwig, 1.

FORGATHER
For*gath"er, v. i.

Defn: To convene; to gossip; to meet accidentally. [Scot.] Jamieson.
Within that circle he forgathered with many a fool. Wilson.

FORGAVE
For*gave",

Defn: imp. of Forgive.

FORGE
Forge, n. Etym: [F. forge, fr. L. fabrica the workshop of an artisan
who works in hard materials, fr. faber artisan, smith, as adj.,
skillful, ingenious; cf. Gr. Fabric.]

1. A place or establishment where iron or other metals are wrought by
heating and hammering; especially, a furnace, or a shop with its
furnace, etc., where iron is heated and wrought; a smithy.
In the quick forge and working house of thought. Shak.

2. The works where wrought iron is produced directly from the ore, or
where iron is rendered malleable by puddling and shingling; a
shingling mill.

3. The act of beating or working iron or steel; the manufacture of
metalic bodies. [Obs.]
In the greater bodies the forge was easy. Bacon.
American forge, a forge for the direct production of wrought iron,
differing from the old Catalan forge mainly in using finely crushed
ore and working continuously. Raymond.
 -- Catalan forge. (Metal.) See under Catalan.
 -- Forge cinder, the dross or slag form a forge or bloomary.
 -- Forge rolls, Forge train, the train of rolls by which a bloom is
converted into puddle bars.
 -- Forge wagon (Mil.), a wagon fitted up for transporting a
blackmith's forge and tools.
 -- Portable forge, a light and compact blacksmith's forge, with
bellows, etc., that may be moved from place to place.

FORGE
Forge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forged; p. pr. & vb. n. Forging.] Etym:
[F. forger, OF. forgier, fr. L. fabricare, fabricari, to form, frame,
fashion, from fabrica. See Forge, n., and cf. Fabricate.]

1. To form by heating and hammering; to beat into any particular
shape, as a metal.
Mars's armor forged for proof eterne. Shak.

2. To form or shape out in any way; to produce; to frame; to invent.
Those names that the schools forged, and put into the mouth of
scholars, could never get admittance into common use. Locke.
Do forge a life-long trouble for ourselves. Tennyson.

3. To coin. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. To make falsely; to produce, as that which is untrue or not
genuine; to fabricate; to counterfeit, as, a signature, or a signed
document.
That paltry story is untrue, And forged to cheat such gulls as you.
Hudibras.
Forged certificates of his . . . moral character. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- To fabricate; counterfeit; feign; falsify.

FORGE
Forge, v. i. Etym: [See Forge, v. t., and for sense 2, cf. Forge
compel.]

1. To commit forgery.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To move heavily and slowly, as a ship after the sails are
furled; to work one's way, as one ship in outsailing another; -- used
especially in the phrase to forge ahead. Totten.
And off she [a ship] forged without a shock. De Quincey.

FORGE
Forge, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To impel forward slowly; as, to forge a ship forward.

FORGEMAN
Forge"man, n.; pl. Forgemen (.

Defn: A skilled smith, who has a hammerer to assist him.

FORGER
For"ger, n.Etym: [Cf. F. forgeur metal worker, L. fabricator
artificer. See Forge, n. & v. t., and cf. Fabricator.]

Defn: One who forges, makes, of forms; a fabricator; a falsifier.

2. Especially: One guilty of forgery; one who makes or issues a
counterfeit document.

FORGERY
For"ger*y, n.; pl. Forgeries. Etym: [Cf. F. forgerie.]

1. The act of forging metal into shape. [Obs.]
Useless the forgery Of brazen shield and spear. Milton.

2. The act of forging, fabricating, or producing falsely; esp., the
crime of fraudulently making or altering a writing or signature
purporting to be made by another; the false making or material
alteration of or addition to a written instrument for the purpose of
deceit and fraud; as, the forgery of a bond. Bouvier.

3. That which is forged, fabricated, falsely devised, or
counterfeited.
These are the forgeries of jealously. Shak.
The writings going under the name of Aristobulus were a forgery of
the second century. Waterland.

Syn.
 -- Counterfeit; Forgery. Counterfeit is chiefly used of imitations
of coin, or of paper money, or of securities depending upon pictorial
devices and engraved designs for identity or assurance of
genuineness. Forgery is more properly applied to making a false
imitation of an instrument depending on signatures to show
genuineness and validity. Abbott.

FORGET
For*get", v. t. [imp. Forgot (Forgat (, Obs.); p. p. Forgotten,
Forgot; p. pr. & vb. n. Forgetting.] Etym: [OE. forgeten, foryeten,
AS. forgietan, forgitan; pref. for- + gietan, gitan (only in comp.),
to get; cf. D. vergeten, G. vergessen, Sw. förgäta, Dan. forgiette.
See For-, and Get, v. t.]

1. To lose the remembrance of; to let go from the memory; to cease to
have in mind; not to think of; also, to lose the power of; to cease
from doing.
Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits. Ps. ciii.
2.
Let y right hand forget her cunning. Ps. cxxxvii. 5.
Hath thy knee forget to bow Shak.

2. To treat with inattention or disregard; to slight; to neglect.
Can a woman forget her sucking child . . . Yes, they may forget, yet
will I not forget thee. Is. xlix. 15.
To forget one's self. (a) To become unmindful of one's own
personality; to be lost in thought. (b) To be entirely unselfish. (c)
To be guilty of what is unworthy of one; to lose one's dignity,
temper, or self-control.

FORGETFUL
For*get"ful, a.

1. Apt to forget; easily losing remembrance; as, a forgetful man
should use helps to strengthen his memory.

2. Heedless; careless; neglectful; inattentive.
Be not forgetful to entertain strangers. Heb. xiii. 2.

3. Causing to forget; inducing oblivion; oblivious. [Archaic or
Poetic] "The forgetful wine." J. Webster.

FORGETFULLY
For*get"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In a forgetful manner.

FORGETFULNESS
For*get"ful*ness, n.

1. The quality of being forgetful; prononess to let slip from the
mind.

2. Loss of remembrance or recollection; a ceasing to remember;
oblivion.
A sweet forgetfulness of human care. Pope.

3. Failure to bear in mind; careless omission; inattention; as,
forgetfulness of duty.

Syn.
 -- Forgetfulnes, Oblivion. Forgetfulness is Anglo-Saxon, and
oblivion is Latin. The former commonly has reference to persons, and
marks a state of mind, and marks a state of mind; the latter commonly
has reference to things, and indicates a condition into which they
are sunk. We blame a man for his forgetfulness; we speak of some old
custom as buried in oblivion. But this discrimination is not strictly
adhered to.

FORGETIVE
For"ge*tive, a. Etym: [From Forge.]

Defn: Inventive; productive; capable. [Obs.] Shak.

FORGET-ME-NOT
For*get"-me-not`, n. Etym: [Cf. G. vergissmeinnicht.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small herb, of the genus Myosotis (M. palustris, incespitosa,
etc.), bearing a beautiful blue flower, and extensively considered
the emblem of fidelity.

Note: Formerly the name was given to the Ajuga Chamæpitus.

FORGETTABLE
For*get"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to be, or that may be, forgotten. Carlyle.

FORGETTER
For*get"ter, n.

Defn: One who forgets; a heedless person. Johnson.

FORGETTINGLY
For*get"ting*ly, adv.

Defn: By forgetting.

FORGING
For"ging, n.

1. The act of shaping metal by hammering or pressing.

2. The act of counterfeiting.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: A piece of forged work in metal; -- a general name for a piece
of hammered iron or steel.
There are very few yards in the world at which such forgings could be
turned out. London Times.

FORGIVABLE
For*giv"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being forgiven; pardonable; venial. Sherwood.

FORGIVE
For*give", v. t. [imp. Forgave; p. p. Forgiven; p. pr. & vb. n.
Forgiving] Etym: [OE. forgiven, foryiven, foryeven, AS. forgiefan,
forgifan; perh. for- + giefan, gifan to give; cf. D. vergeven, G.
vergeben, Icel. fyrirgefa, Sw. f, Goth. fragiban to give, grant. See
For-, and Give, v. t.]

1. To give wholly; to make over without reservation; to resign.
To them that list the world's gay shows I leave, And to great ones
such folly do forgive. Spenser.

2. To give up resentment or claim to requital on account of (an
offense or wrong); to remit the penalty of; to pardon; -- said in
reference to the act forgiven.
And their sins should be forgiven them. Mark iv. 12.
He forgive injures so readily that he might be said to invite them.
Macaulay.

3. To cease to feel resentment against, on account of wrong
committed; to give up claim to requital from or retribution upon (an
offender); to absolve; to pardon; -- said of the person offending.
Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do. Luke xxiii. 34.
I as free forgive you, as I would be fforgiven. Shak.

Note: Sometimes both the person and the offense follow as objects of
the verb, sometimes one and sometimes the other being the indirect
object. "Forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors." Matt. vi.
12. "Be of good cheer; thy sins be forgiven thee." Matt. ix. 2.

Syn.
 -- See excuse.

FORGIVENESS
For*give"ness, n. Etym: [AS. forgifnes.]

1. The act of forgiving; the state of being forgiven; as, the
forgiveness of sin or of injuries.
To the Lord our God belong mercies and forgivenesses. Dan. ix. 9.
In whom we have . . . the forgiveness of sin. Eph. i. 7.

2. Disposition to pardon; willingness to forgive.
If thou, Lord, shouldest mark iniquities, O Lord, who shall stand But
there is forgiveness with thee, that thou mayest be feared. Ps. cxxx.
3, 4.

FORGIVER
For*giv"er, n.

Defn: One who forgives. Johnson.

FORGIVING
For*giv"ing, a.

Defn: Disposed to forgive; inclined to overlook offenses; mild;
merciful; compassionate; placable; as, a forgiving temper.
 -- For*giv"ing*ly, adv.
 -- For*giv"ing*ness, n. J. C. Shairp.

FORGO
For*go", v. t. [imp. Forwent; p. p. Forgone; p. pr. & vb. n.
Forgoing.] Etym: [OE. forgan, forgon, forgoon, AS. forgan, prop., to
go past, hence, to abstain from; pref. for- + gan to go; akin to G.
vergehen to pass away, to transgress. See Go, v. i.]

Defn: To pass by; to leave. See 1st Forego.
For sith [since] I shall forgoon my liberty At your request. Chaucer.
And four [days] since Florimell the court forwent. Spenser.

Note: This word in spelling has been confused with, and almost
superseded by, forego to go before. Etymologically the form forgo is
correct.

FORGOT
For*got",

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Forget.

FORGOTTEN
For*got"ten,

Defn: p. p. of Forget.

FORHALL
For*hall", v. t. Etym: [Pref. for- + hale to draw.]

Defn: To harass; to torment; to distress. [Obs.] Spenser.

FORHEND
For*hend", v. t.

Defn: To seize upon. [Obs.]

FORINSECAL
Fo*rin"se*cal, a. Etym: [L. forinsecus from without.]

Defn: Foreign; alien. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

FORISFAMILIATE
Fo`ris*fa*mil"i*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forisfamiliated; p. pr. &
vb. n. Forisfamiliating.] Etym: [LL. forisfamiliatus, p.p. of
forisfamiliater to forisfamiliate; L. foris abroad, without + familia
family.] (LAw)

Defn: Literally, to put out of a family; hence, to portion off, so as
to exclude further claim of inheritance; to emancipate (as a with his
own consent) from paternal authority. Blackstone.

FORISFAMILIATE
Fo`ris*fa*mil"i*ate, v. i. (Law)

Defn: To renounce a legal title to a further share of paternal
inheritance.

FORISFAMILIATION
Fo`ris*fa*mil`i*a"tion, n. (Law)

Defn: The act of forisfamiliating.

FORK
Fork, n. Etym: [AS. forc, fr. L. furca. Cf. Fourch, Furcate.]

1. An instrument consisting consisting of a handle with a shank
terminating in two or more prongs or tines, which are usually of
metal, parallel and slightly curved; -- used from piercing, holding,
taking up, or pitching anything.

2. Anything furcate or like of a fork in shape, or furcate at the
extremity; as, a tuning fork.

3. One of the parts into which anything is furcated or divided; a
prong; a branch of a stream, a road, etc.; a barbed point, as of an
arrow.
Let it fall . . . though the fork invade The region of my heart.
Shak.
A thunderbolt with three forks. Addison.

4. The place where a division or a union occurs; the angle or opening
between two branches or limbs; as, the fork of a river, a tree, or a
road.

5. The gibbet. [Obs.] Bp. Butler. Fork beam (Shipbuilding), a half
beam to support a deck, where hatchways occur.
 -- Fork chuck (Wood Turning), a lathe center having two prongs for
driving the work.
 -- Fork head. (a) The barbed head of an arrow. (b) The forked end of
a rod which forms part of a knuckle joint.
 -- In fork. (Mining) A mine is said to be in fork, or an engine to
"have the water in fork," when all the water is drawn out of the
mine. Ure.
 -- The forks of a river or a road, the branches into which it
divides, or which come together to form it; the place where
separation or union takes place.

FORK
Fork, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Forked; p. pr. & vb. n. Forking.]

1. To shoot into blades, as corn.
The corn beginneth to fork. Mortimer. 1

2. To divide into two or more branches; as, a road, a tree, or a
stream forks.

FORK
Fork, v. t.

Defn: To raise, or pitch with a fork, as hay; to dig or turn over
with a fork, as the soil.
Forking the sheaves on the high-laden cart. Prof. Wilson.
To fork over or out, to hand or pay over, as money. [Slang] G. Eliot.

FORKBEARD
Fork"beard`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A European fish (Raniceps raninus), having a large flat head; --
also called tadpole fish, and lesser forked beard.
(b) The European forked hake or hake's-dame (Phycis blennoides); --
also called great forked beard.

FORKED
Forked, a.

1. Formed into a forklike shape; having a fork; dividing into two or
more prongs or branches; furcated; bifurcated; zigzag; as, the forked
lighting.
A serpent seen, with forked tongue. Shak.

2. Having a double meaning; ambiguous; equivocal. Cross forked
(Her.), a cross, the ends of whose arms are divided into two sharp
points; -- called also cross double fitché. A cross forked of three
points is a cross, each of whose arms terminates in three sharp
points.
 -- Forked counsel, advice pointing more than one way; ambiguous
advice. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
 -- Fork"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Fork"ed*ness, n.

FORKERVE
For*kerve, v. t. [Obs.]

Defn: See Forcarve, v. t.

FORKINESS
Fork"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state or dividing in a forklike manner.

FORKLESS
Fork"less, a.

Defn: Having no fork.

FORKTAIL
Fork"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of several Asiatic and East Indian passerine birds, belonging
to Enucurus, and allied genera. The tail is deeply forking.
(b) A salmon in its fourth year's growth. [Prov. Eng.]

FORK-TAILED
Fork"-tailed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the outer tail feathers longer than the median ones;
swallow-tailed; -- said of many birds. Fork-tailed flycatcher
(Zoöl.), a tropical American flycatcher (Milvulus tyrannus).
 -- Fork-tailed gull (Zoöl.), a gull of the genus Xema, of two
species, esp. X. Sabinii of the Arctic Ocean.
 -- Fork-tailed kite (Zoöl.), a graceful American kite (Elanoides
forficatus); -- called also swallow-tailed kite.

FORKY
Fork"y, a.

Defn: Opening into two or more parts or shoots; forked; furcated.
"Forky tongues." Pope.

FORLAFT
For*laft", obs.

Defn: p. p. of Forleave. Chaucer.

FORLAY
For*lay", v. t. Etym: [Pref. for- + lay.]

Defn: To lie in wait for; to ambush.
An ambushed thief forlays a traveler. Dryden.

FORLEAVE
For*leave", v. t. Etym: [OE. forleven; pref. for- + leven to leave.]

Defn: To leave off wholly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FORLEND
For*lend", v. t.

Defn: To give up wholly. [Obs.]

FORLESE
For*lese", v. t. [p. p. Forlore, Forlorn (.] Etym: [OE. forlesen. See
Forlorn.]

Defn: To lose utterly. [Obs.] haucer.

FORLET
For*let", v. t. Etym: [OE. forleten, AS. forl; pref. for- + l to
allow; akin to G. verlassen to leave. See Let to allow.]

Defn: To give up; to leave; to abandon. [Obs.] "To forlet sin."
Chaucer.

FORLIE
For*lie", v. i.

Defn: See Forlie.

FORLORE
For*lore", imp. pl. & p. p.

Defn: oForlese. [Obs.]
The beasts their caves, the birds their neforlore. Fairfax.

FORLORN
For*lorn", a. Etym: [OE., p.p. of forlesen to lose utterly, AS.
forleósan (p.p. forloren); pref. for- + leósan (in comp.) to lose;
cf. D. verliezen to lose, G. verlieren, Sw. förlora, Dan. forloren,
Goth. fraliusan to lose. See For-, and Lorn, a., Lose, v. t.]

1. Deserted abandoned; lost.
Of fortune and of hope at once forlorn. Spenser.
Some say that ravens foster forlorn children. Shak.

2. Destitute; helpless; in pitiful plight; wretched; miserable;
almost hopeless; desperate.
For here forlorn and lost I tread. Goldsmith.
The condition of the besieged in the mean time was forlorn in the
extreme. Prescott.
She cherished the forlorn hope that he was still living. Thomson.
A forlorn hope Etym: [D. verloren hoop, prop., a lost band or troop;
verloren, p.p. of verliezen to lose + hoop band; akin to E. heap. See
For-, and Heap.] (Mil.), a body of men (called in F. enfants perdus,
in G. verloren posten) selected, usually from volunteers, to attempt
a breach, scale the wall of a fortress, or perform other
extraordinarily perilous service; also, a desperate case or
enterprise.

Syn.
 -- Destitute, lost; abandoned; forsaken; solitary; helpless;
friendless; hopeless; abject; wretched; miserable; pitiable.

FORLORN
For*lorn", n.

1. A lost, forsaken, or solitary person.
Forced to live in Scotland a forlorn. Shak.

2. A forlorn hope; a vanguard. [Obs.]
Our forlorn of horse marched within a mile of the enemy. Oliver
Cromvell.

FORLORNLY
For*lorn"ly, adv.

Defn: In a forlorn manner. Pollok.

FORLORNNESS
For*lorn"ness, n.

Defn: State of being forlorn. Boyle.

FORLYE
For*lye", v. i.

Defn: Same as Forlie. [Obs.]

FORM
form (. Etym: [See Form, n.]

Defn: A suffix used to denote in the form or shape of, resembling,
etc.; as, valiform; oviform.

FORM
Form (form; in senses 8 & 9, often form in England), n. Etym: [OE. &
F. forme, fr. L. forma; cf. Skr. dhariman. Cf. Firm.]

1. The shape and structure of anything, as distinguished from the
material of which it is composed; particular disposition or
arrangement of matter, giving it individuality or distinctive
character; configuration; figure; external appearance.
The form of his visage was changed. Dan. iii. 19.
And woven close close, both matter, form, and style. Milton.

2. Constitution; mode of construction, organization, etc.; system;
as, a republican form of government.

3. Established method of expression or practice; fixed way of
proceeding; conventional or stated scheme; formula; as, a form of
prayer.
Those whom form of laws Condemned to die. Dryden.

4. Show without substance; empty, outside appearance; vain, trivial,
or conventional ceremony; conventionality; formality; as, a matter of
mere form.
Though well we may not pass upon his life Without the form of
justice. Shak.

5. Orderly arrangement; shapeliness; also, comeliness; elegance;
beauty.
The earth was without form and void. Gen. i. 2.
He hath no form nor comeliness. Is. liii. 2.

6. A shape; an image; a phantom.

7. That by which shape is given or determined; mold; pattern; model.

8. A long seat; a bench; hence, a rank of students in a school; a
class; also, a class or rank in society. "Ladies of a high form." Bp.
Burnet.

9. The seat or bed of a hare.
As in a form sitteth a weary hare. Chaucer.

10. (Print.)

Defn: The type or other matter from which an impression is to be
taken, arranged and secured in a chase.

11. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The boundary line of a material object. In painting, more
generally, the human body.

12. (Gram.)

Defn: The particular shape or structure of a word or part of speech;
as, participial forms; verbal forms.

13. (Crystallog.)

Defn: The combination of planes included under a general
crystallographic symbol. It is not necessarily a closed solid.

14. (Metaph.)

Defn: That assemblage or disposition of qualities which makes a
conception, or that internal constitution which makes an existing
thing to be what it is; -- called essential or substantial form, and
contradistinguished from matter; hence, active or formative nature;
law of being or activity; subjectively viewed, an idea; objectively,
a law.

15. Mode of acting or manifestation to the senses, or the intellect;
as, water assumes the form of ice or snow. In modern usage, the
elements of a conception furnished by the mind's own activity, as
contrasted with its object or condition, which is called the matter;
subjectively, a mode of apprehension or belief conceived as dependent
on the constitution of the mind; objectively, universal and necessary
accompaniments or elements of every object known or thought of.

16. (Biol.)

Defn: The peculiar characteristics of an organism as a type of
others; also, the structure of the parts of an animal or plant.

Good form or Bad form, the general appearance, condition or action,
originally of horses, atterwards of persons; as, the members of a
boat crew are said to be in good form when they pull together
uniformly. The phrases are further used colloquially in description
of conduct or manners in society; as, it is not good form to smoke in
the presence of a lady.

FORM
Form, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Formed; p. pr. & vb. n. Forming.] Etym: [F.
former, L. formare, fr. forma. See Form, n.]

1. To give form or shape to; to frame; to construct; to make; to
fashion.
God formed man of the dust of the ground. Gen. ii. 7.
The thought that labors in my forming brain. Rowe.

2. To give a particular shape to; to shape, mold, or fashion into a
certain state or condition; to arrange; to adjust; also, to model by
instruction and discipline; to mold by influence, etc.; to train.
'T is education forms the common mind. Pope.
Thus formed for speed, he challenges the wind. Dryden.

3. To go to make up; to act as constituent of; to be the essential or
constitutive elements of; to answer for; to make the shape of; --
said of that out of which anything is formed or constituted, in whole
or in part.
The diplomatic politicians . . . who formed by far the majority.
Burke.

4. To provide with a form, as a hare. See Form, n., 9.
The melancholy hare is formed in brakes and briers. Drayton.

5. (Gram.)

Defn: To derive by grammatical rules, as by adding the proper
suffixes and affixes.

FORM
Form, v. i.

1. To take a form, definite shape, or arrangement; as, the infantry
should form in column.

2. To run to a form, as a hare. B. Jonson. To form on (Mil.), to form
a lengthened line with reference to (any given object) as a basis.

FORMAL
For"mal, a. Etym: [L. formalis: cf. F. formel.]

1. Belonging to the form, shape, frame, external appearance, or
organization of a thing.

2. Belonging to the constitution of a thing, as distinguished from
the matter composing it; having the power of making a thing what it
is; constituent; essential; pertaining to oe depending on the forms,
so called of the human intellect.
Of [the sounds represented by] letters, the material part is breath
and voice; the formal is constituted by the motion and figure of the
organs of speech. Holder.

3. Done is due form, or with solemnity; according to regular method;
not incidental, sudden or irregular; express; as, he gave his formal
consent.
His obscure funeral . . . No noble rite nor formal ostentation. Shak.

4. Devoted to, or done in accordance with, forms or rules;
punctilious; regular; orderly; methodical; of a prescribed form;
exact; prim; stiff; ceremonious; as, a man formal in his dress, his
gait, his conversation.
A cold-looking, formal garden, cut into angles and rhomboids. W.
Irwing.
She took off the formal cap that confined her hair. Hawthorne.

5. Having the form or appearance without the substance or essence;
external; as, formal duty; formal worship; formal courtesy, etc.

6. Dependent in form; conventional.
Still in constraint your suffering sex remains, Or bound in formal or
in real chains. Pope.

7. Sound; normal. [Obs.]
To make of him a formal man again. Shak.
Formal cause. See under Cause.

Syn.
 -- Precise; punctilious; stiff; starched; affected; ritual;
ceremonial; external; outward.
 -- Formal, Ceremonious. When applied to things, these words usually
denote a mere accordance with the rules of form or ceremony; as, to
make a formal call; to take a ceremonious leave. When applied to a
person or his manners, they are used in a bad sense; a person being
called formal who shapes himself too much by some pattern or set
form, and ceremonious when he lays too much stress on the
conventional laws of social intercourse. Formal manners render a man
stiff or ridiculous; a ceremonious carriage puts a stop to the ease
and freedom of social intercourse.

FORMALDEHYDE
For*mal"de*hyde, n. Etym: [Formic + aldehyde.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, volatile liquid, H2CO, resembling acetic or ethyl
aldehyde, and chemically intermediate between methyl alcohol and
formic acid.

FORMALIN
For"ma*lin, n.  [Formic + aldehyde + -in.] (Chem.)

Defn: An aqueous solution of formaldehyde, used as a preservative in
museums and as a disinfectant.

FORMALISM
Form"al*ism, n.

Defn: The practice or the doctrine of strict adherence to, or
dependence on, external forms, esp. in matters of religion.
Official formalism. Sir H. Rawlinson.

FORMALIST
Form"al*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. formaliste.]

Defn: One overattentive to forms, or too much confined to them; esp.,
one who rests in external religious forms, or observes strictly the
outward forms of worship, without possessing the life and spirit of
religion.
As far a formalist from wisdom sits, In judging eyes, as libertines
from wits. Young.

FORMALITY
For*mal"i*ty, n.; pl. Formalities. Etym: [Cf. F. formalité.]

1. The condition or quality of being formal, strictly ceremonious,
precise, etc.

2. Form without substance.
Such [books] as are mere pieces of formality, so that if you look on
them, you look though them. Fuller.

3. Compliance with formal or conventional rules; ceremony;
conventionality.
Nor was his attendance on divine offices a matter of formality and
custom, but of conscience. Atterbury.

4. An established order; conventional rule of procedure; usual
method; habitual mode.
He was installed with all the usual formalities. C. Middleton.

5. pl.

Defn: The dress prescribed for any body of men, academical,
municipal, or sacerdotal. [Obs.]
The doctors attending her in their formalities as far as Shotover.
Fuller.

6. That which is formal; the formal part.
It unties the inward knot of marriage, . . . while it aims to keep
fast the outward formality. Milton.

7. The quality which makes a thing what it is; essence.
The material part of the evil came from our father upon us, but the
formality of it, the sting and the curse, is only by ourselves. Jer.
Taylor.
The formality of the vow lies in the promise made to God. Bp.
Stillingfleet.

8. (Scholastic. Philos.)

Defn: The manner in which a thing is conceived or constituted by an
act of human thinking; the result of such an act; as, animality and
rationality are formalities.

FORMALIZE
Form"al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Formalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Formalizing.]

1. To give form, or a certain form, to; to model. [R.]

2. To render formal.

FORMALIZE
Form"al*ize, v. i.

Defn: To affect formality. [Obs.] ales.

FORMALLY
Form"al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a formal manner; essentially; characteristically; expressly;
regularly; ceremoniously; precisely.
That which formally makes this [charity] a Christian grace, is the
spring from which it flows. Smalridge.
You and your followers do stand formally divided against the
authorized guides of the church and rest of the people. Hooker.

FORMAT
For`mat" (for`ma" or for`mät"), n. [F. or G. Cf. Formation.] (Print.)

Defn: The shape and size of a book; hence, its external form.

The older manuscripts had been written in a much larger format than
that found convenient for university work.
G. H. Putnam.

One might, indeed, protest that the format is a little too luxurious.
Nature.

FORMATE
For"mate, n. Etym: [See Formic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of formic acid. [Written also formiate.]

FORMATION
For*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. formatio: cf. F. formation.]

1. The act of giving form or shape to anything; a forming; a shaping.
Beattie.

2. The manner in which a thing is formed; structure; construction;
conformation; form; as, the peculiar formation of the heart.

3. A substance formed or deposited.

4. (Geol.)
(a) Mineral deposits and rock masses designated with reference to
their origin; as, the siliceous formation about geysers; alluvial
formations; marine formations.
(b) A group of beds of the same age or period; as, the Eocene
formation.

5. (Mil.)

Defn: The arrangement of a body of troops, as in a square, column,
etc. Farrow.

FORMATIVE
Form"a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. formatif.]

1. Giving form; having the power of giving form; plastic; as, the
formative arts.
The meanest plant can not be raised without seed, by any formative
residing in the soil. Bentley.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Serving to form; derivative; not radical; as, a termination
merely formative.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: Capable of growth and development; germinal; as, living or
formative matter.

FORMATIVE
Form"a*tive, n. (Gram.)
(a) That which serves merely to give form, and is no part of the
radical, as the prefix or the termination of a word.
(b) A word formed in accordance with some rule or usage, as from a
root.

FORME
For`mé", a. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Paté or Patté.

FORME
For"me, a. Etym: [OE., fr. AS. forma. See Foremost.]

Defn: First. [Obs.] "Adam our forme father." Chaucer.

FORMED
Formed, a.

1. (Astron.)

Defn: Arranged, as stars in a constellation; as, formed stars. [R.]

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Having structure; capable of growth and development; organized;
as, the formed or organized ferments. See Ferment, n. Formed material
(Biol.), a term employed by Beale to denote the lifeless matter of a
cell, that which is physiologically dead, in distinction from the
truly germinal or living matter.

FORMEDON
For"me*don, n. Etym: [OF., fr. Latin. So called because the plaintiff
claimed "by the form of the gift,: L. per formam doni.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A writ of right for a tenant in tail in case of a
discontinuance of the estate tail. This writ has been abolished.

FORMELL
For"mell, n. Etym: [Dim. of F. forme the female of a bird of prey.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The female of a hawk or falcon.

FORMER
Form"er, n.

1. One who forms; a maker; a creator.

2. (Mech.)
(a) A shape around which an article is to be shaped, molded, woven
wrapped, pasted, or otherwise constructed.
(b) A templet, pattern, or gauge by which an article is shaped.
(c) A cutting die.

FORMER
For"mer, a. Etym: [A compar. due to OE. formest. See Foremost.]

1. Preceding in order of time; antecedent; previous; prior; earlier;
hence, ancient; long past.
For inquire, I pray thee, of the former age. Job. viii. 8.
The latter and former rain. Hosea vi. 3.

3. Near the beginning; preceeding; as, the former part of a discourse
or argument.

3. Earlier, as between two things mentioned together; first
mentioned.
A bad author deserves better usage than a bad critic; a man may be
the former merely through the misfortune of an ill judgment; but he
can not be latter without both that and an ill temper. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Prior; previous; anterior; antecedent; preceding; foregoing.

FORMERET
For`me*ret", n. Etym: [F.] (Arch.)

Defn: One of the half ribs against the walls in a ceiling vaulted
with ribs.

FORMERLY
For"mer*ly, adv.

Defn: In time past, either in time immediately preceding or at any
indefinite distance; of old; heretofore.

FORMFUL
Form"ful, a.

Defn: Creative; imaginative. [R.] "The formful brain." Thomson.

FORMIC
For"mic, a. Etym: [L. formica an ant: cf. F. formique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, ants; as, formic acid; in an
extended sense, pertaining to, or derived from, formic acid; as,
formic ether. Amido formic acid, carbamic acid.
 -- Formic acid, a colorless, mobile liquid, HCO.OH, of a sharp, acid
taste, occurring naturally in ants, nettles, pine needles, etc., and
produced artifically in many ways, as by the oxidation of methyl
alcohol, by the reduction of carbonic acid or the destructive
distillation of oxalic acid. It is the first member of the fatty
acids in the paraffin series, and is homologous with acetic acid.

FORMICA
For*mi"ca, n. Etym: [L., an ant.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Linnæan genus of hymenopterous insects, including the common
ants. See Ant.

FORMICAROID
For`mi*ca"roid, a. Etym: [NL. Formicarius, the typical genus + -oid.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the family Formicaridæ or ant thrushes.

FORMICARY
For"mi*ca*ry, n. Etym: [LL. formicarium, fr. L. formica an ant.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The nest or dwelling of a swarm of ants; an ant-hill.

FORMICATE
For"mi*cate, a. Etym: [L. formica an ant.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling, or pertaining to, an ant or ants.

FORMICATION
For`mi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. formicatio, fr. formicare to creep like
an ant, to feel as if ants were crawling on one's self, fr. formica
ant: cf. F. formication.] (Med.)

Defn: A sensation resembling that made by the creeping of ants on the
skin. Dunglison.

FORMICID
For"mi*cid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the ants.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the family Formicidæ, or ants.

FORMIDABILITY
For`mi*da*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Formidableness. Walpole.

FORMIDABLE
For"mi*da*ble, a. Etym: [L. formidabilis, fr. formidare to fear,
dread: cf. F. formidable.]

Defn: Exciting fear or apprehension; impressing dread; adapted to
excite fear and deter from approach, encounter, or undertaking;
alarming.
They seemed to fear the formodable sight. Dryden.
I swell my preface into a volume, and make it formidable, when you
see so many pages behind. Drydn.

Syn.
 -- Dreadful; fearful; terrible; frightful; shocking; horrible;
terrific; tremendous.

FORMIDABLENESS
For"mi*da*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being formidable, or adapted to excite dread.
Boyle.

FORMIDABLY
For"mi*da*bly, adv.

Defn: In a formidable manner.

FORMIDOLOSE
For*mid"o*lose, a. Etym: [L. formidolosus, fr. formido fear.]

Defn: Very much afraid. [Obs.] Bailey.

FORMING
Form"ing, n.

Defn: The act or process of giving form or shape to anything; as, in
shipbuilding, the exact shaping of partially shaped timbers.

FORMLESS
Form"less, a.

Defn: Shapeless; without a determinate form; wanting regularity of
shape.
 -- Form"less*ly, adv.
 -- Form"less*ness, n.

FORMULA
For"mu*la, n.; pl. E. Formulas, L. Formulæ. Etym: [L., dim. of forma
form, model. SeeForm, n.]

1. A prescribed or set form; an established rule; a fixed or
conventional method in which anything is to be done, arranged, or
said.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A written confession of faith; a formal statement of foctrines.

3. (Math.)

Defn: A rule or principle expressed in algebraic language; as, the
binominal formula.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A prescription or recipe for the preparation of a medicinal
compound.

5. (Chem.)

Defn: A symbolic expression (by means of letters, figures, etc.) of
the constituents or constitution of a compound.

Note: Chemical formulæ consist of the abbreviations of the names of
the elements, with a small figure at the lower right hand, to denote
the number of atoms of each element contained. Empirical formula
(Chem.), an expression which gives the simple proportion of the
constituents; as, the empirical formula of acetic acid is C2H4O2.
 -- Graphic formula, Rational formula (Chem.), an expression of the
constitution, and in a limited sense of the structure, of a compound,
by the grouping of its atoms or radicals; as, a rational formula of
acetic acid is CH3.(C:O).OH; -- called also structural formula,
constitutional formula, etc. See also the formula of Benzene nucleus,
under Benzene.
 -- Molecular formula (Chem.), a formula indicating the supposed
molecular constitution of a compound.

FORMULARISTIC
For`mu*la*ris"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or exhibiting, formularization. Emerson.

FORMULARIZATION
For`mu*lar*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of formularizing; a formularized or formulated
statement or exhibition. C. Kingsley.

FORMULARIZE
For"mu*lar*ize, v. t.

Defn: To reduce to a forula; to formulate.

FORMULARY
For"mu*la*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. formulaire. See Formula.]

Defn: Stated; prescribed; ritual.

FORMULARY
For"mu*la*ry, n.; pl. Formularies. Etym: [Cf. F. formulaire.]

1. A book containing stated and prescribed forms, as of oaths,
declarations, prayers, medical formulaæ, etc.; a book of precedents.

2. Prescribed form or model; formula.

FORMULATE
For"mu*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Formulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Formulating.]

Defn: To reduce to, or express in, a formula; to put in a clear and
definite form of statement or expression. G. P. Marsh.

FORMULATION
For`mu*la"tion, n.

Defn: The act, process, or result of formulating or reducing to a
formula.

FORMULE
For"mule, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A set or prescribed model; a formula. [Obs.] Johnson.

FORMULIZATION
For`mu*li*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of reducing to a formula; the state of being
formulized.

FORMULIZE
For"mu*lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Formulized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Formulizing.]

Defn: To reduce to a formula; to formulate. Emerson.

FORMYL
For"myl, n. Etym: [Formic + -yl.] (Chem.)
(a) A univalent radical, H.C:O, regarded as the essential residue of
formic acid and aldehyde.
(b) Formerly, the radical methyl, CH3.

FORNCAST
Forn*cast", p. p. Etym: [OE. foren + cast. See Forecast.]

Defn: Predestined. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FORNICAL
For"ni*cal, a.

Defn: Relating to a fornix.

FORNICATE; FORNICATED
For"ni*cate, For"ni*ca`ted, a. Etym: [L. fornicatus, fr. fornix, -
icis, an arch, vault.]

1. Vaulted like an oven or furnace; arched.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Arching over; overarched. Gray.

FORNICATE
For"ni*cate, v. i. Etym: [L. fornicatus, p. p. of fornicari to
fornicate, fr. fornix, -icis, a vault, a brothel in an underground
vault.]

Defn: To commit fornication; to have unlawful sexual intercourse.

FORNICATION
For`ni*ca"tion, n. Etym: [F. fornication, L. fornicatio.]

1. Unlawful sexual intercourse on the part of an unmarried person;
the act of such illicit sexual intercourse between a man and a woman
as does not by law amount to adultery.

Note: In England, the offense, though cognizable in the
ecclesiastical courts, was not at common law subject to secular
prosecution. In the United States it is indictable in some States at
common law, in others only by statute. Whartyon.

2. (Script.)
(a) Adultery.
(b) Incest.
(c) Idolatry.

FORNICATOR
For"ni*ca`tor, n. Etym: [F. fornicateur, OF. fornicator, from L.
fornicator.]

Defn: An unmarried person, male or female, who has criminal
intercourse with the other sex; one guilty of fornication.

FORNICATRESS
For"ni*ca`tress, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fornicatrice, L. fornicatrix.]

Defn: A woman guilty of fornication. Shak.

FORNIX
For"nix, n.; pl. Fornices. Etym: [L., an arch.] (Anat.)
(a) An arch or fold; as, the fornix, or vault, of the cranium; the
fornix, or reflection, of the conjuctiva.
(b) Esp., two longitudinal bands of white nervous tissue beneath the
lateral ventricles of the brain.

FOROLD
For*old", a.

Defn: Very old. [Obs.]
A bear's skin, coal-black, forold. Chaucer.

FORPASS
For*pass", v. t. & i.

Defn: To pass by or along; to pass over. [Obs.] Spenser.

FORPINE
For*pine", v. t.

Defn: To waste away completely by suffering or torment. [Archaic]
"Pale as a forpined ghost." Chaucer.

FORRAY
For"ray ( or ), v. t. Etym: [OE. forrayen. See Foray.]

Defn: To foray; to ravage; to pillage.
For they that morn had forrayed all the land. Fairfax.

FORRAY
For"ray, n.

Defn: The act of ravaging; a ravaging; a predatory excursion. See
Foray.

FORRILL
For"rill, n. Etym: [See Forel.]

Defn: Lambskin parchment; vellum; forel. McElrath.

FORSAKE
For*sake", v. t. [imp. Forsook; p. p. Forsaken; p. pr. & vb. n.
Forsaking.] Etym: [AS. forsacan to oppose, refuse; for- + sacan to
contend, strive; akin to Goth. sakan. See For-, and Sake.]

1. To quit or leave entirely; to desert; to abandon; to depart or
withdraw from; to leave; as, false friends and flatterers forsake us
in adversity.
If his children forsake my law, and walk not in my judgments. Ps.
lxxxix. 30.

2. To renounce; to reject; to refuse.
If you forsake the offer of their love. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To abandon; quit; desert; fail; relinquish; give up; renounce;
reject. See Abandon.

FORSAKER
For*sak"er, n.

Defn: One who forsakes or deserts.

FORSAY
For*say", v. t. Etym: [AS. forsecgan to accuse; pref. for- + secgan
to say.]

Defn: To forbid; to renounce; to forsake; to deny. [Obs.] Spenser.

FORSHAPE
For*shape", v. t. Etym: [Pref. for- + shape, v.t.]

Defn: To render misshapen. [Obs.] Gower.

FORSLACK
For*slack", v. t. Etym: [Pref. for- + slack to neglect.]

Defn: To neglect by idleness; to delay or to waste by sloth. [Obs.]
Spenser.

FORSLOUTHE
For*slouth"e, v. t. Etym: [See For-, and Slouth.]

Defn: To lose by sloth or negligence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FORSLOW
For*slow", v. t. Etym: [Pref. for- + slow.]

Defn: To delay; to hinder; to neglect; to put off. [Obs.] Bacon.

FORSLOW
For*slow", v. i.

Defn: To loiter. [Obs.] Shak.

FORSLUGGE
For*slug"ge, v. t. Etym: [See Slug to be idle.]

Defn: To lsoe by idleness or slotch. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FORSOOTH
For*sooth", adv. Etym: [AS. forso\'eb; for, prep. + so\'eb sooth,
truth. See For, prep., and Sooth.]

Defn: In truth; in fact; certainly; very well; -- formerly used as an
expression of deference or respect, especially to woman; now used
ironically or contemptuously.
A fit man, forsooth, to govern a realm! Hayward.
Our old English word forsooth has been changed for the French madam.
Guardian.

FORSOOTH
For*sooth", v. t.

Defn: To address respectfully with the term forsooth. [Obs.]
The captain of the "Charles" had forsoothed her, though he knew her
well enough and she him. Pepys.

FORSOOTH
For*sooth", n.

Defn: A person who used forsooth much; a very ceremonious and
deferential person. [R.]
You sip so like a forsooth of the city. B. Jonson.

FORSPEAK
For*speak", v. t. Etym: [Pref. for- + speak.]

1. To forbid; to prohibit. Shak.

2. To bewitch. [Obs.] Drayton.

FORSPENT
For*spent", a. Etym: [AS. forspendan to consume; pref. for- + spendan
to spend.]

Defn: Wasted in strength; tired; exhausted. [Archaic]
A gentleman almost forspent with speed. Shak.

FORSTALL
For*stall", v. t.

Defn: To forestall. [Obs.] Spenser.

FORSTER
Fors"ter, n.

Defn: A forester. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FORSTRAUGHT
For*straught", p. p. & a. Etym: [Pref. for- + straught; cf.
distraught.]

Defn: Distracted. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FORSWAT
For*swat", a. Etym: [See Sweat.]

Defn: Spent with heat; covered with sweat. [Obs.] P. Sidney.

FORSWEAR
For*swear", v. t. [imp. Forswore; p. p. Forsworn; p. pr. & vb. n.
Forswearing.] Etym: [OE. forsweren, forswerien, AS. forswerian; pref.
for- + swerian to swear. See For-, and Swear, v. i.]

1. To reject or renounce upon oath; hence, to renounce earnestly,
determinedly, or with protestations.
I . . . do forswear her. Shak.

2. To deny upon oath.
Like innocence, and as serenely bold As truth, how loudly he
forswears thy gold! Dryden.
To forswear one's self, to swear falsely; to peforswear thyself."

Syn.
 -- See Perjure.

FORSWEAR
For*swear", v. i.

Defn: To swear falsely; to commit perjury. Shak.

FORSWEARER
For*swear"er, n.

Defn: One who rejects of renounces upon oath; one who swears a false
oath.

FORSWONK
For*swonk", a. Etym: [Pref. for- + swonk, p.p. of swinkto labor. See
Swink.]

Defn: Overlabored; exhausted; worn out. [Obs.] Spenser.

FORSWORE
For*swore",

Defn: imp. of Forswear.

FORSWORN
For*sworn",

Defn: p. p. of Forswear.

FORSWORNNESS
For*sworn"ness, n.

Defn: State of being forsworn. [R.]

FORSYTHIA
For*syth"i*a, a. Etym: [NL. Named after William Forsyth, who brought
in from China.] (Bot.)

Defn: A shrub of the Olive family, with yellow blossoms.

FORT
Fort, n. Etym: [F., from fort strong, L. fortis; perh. akin to Skr.
darh to fix, make firm, and to E. firm Cf. Forte, Force, Fortalice,
Comfort, Effort.] (Mil.)

Defn: A strong or fortified place; usually, a small fortified place,
occupied only by troops, surrounded with a ditch, rampart, and
parapet, or with palisades, stockades, or other means of defense; a
fortification.
Detached works, depending solely on their own strength, belong to the
class of works termed forts. Farrow.

FORTALICE
Fort"a*lice, n. Etym: [LL. fortalitia, or OF. fortelesce. See
Fortress.] (Mil.)

Defn: A small outwork of a fortification; a fortilage; -- called also
fortelace.

FORTE
Forte (fort), n. Etym: [IT. forte: cf. F. fort. See Fort.]

1. The strong point; that in which one excels. fort"a
The construction of a fable seems by no means the forte of our modern
poetical writers. Jeffrey.

2. The stronger part of the blade of a sword; the part of half
nearest the hilt; -- opposed to foible.

FORTE
For"te (fôr"tay or for"tay), adv. Etym: [It. forte, a. & adv., fr. L.
fortis strong.] (Mus.)

Defn: Loudly; strongly; powerfully.

FORTED
Fort"ed, a.

Defn: Furnished with, or guarded by, forts; strengthened or defended,
as by forts. [R.] Shak.

FORTH
Forth, v.Etym: [AS. foredh, fr. for akin to D. voort, G. fort sq.
root78. See Fore, For, and cf. Afford, Further, adv.]

1. Forward; onward in time, place, or order; in advance from a given
point; on to end; as, from that day forth; one, two, three, and so
forth.
Lucas was Paul's companion, at the leastway from the sixteenth of the
Acts forth. Tyndale.
From this time forth, I never will speak word. Shak.
I repeated the Ave Maria; the inquisitor bad me say forth; I said I
was taught no more. Strype.

2. Out, as from a state of concealment, retirement, confinement,
nondevelopment, or the like; out into notice or view; as, the plants
in spring put forth leaves.
When winter past, and summer scarce begun, Invites them forth to
labor in the sun. Dryden.

3. Beyond a (certain) boundary; away; abroad; out.
I have no mind of feasting forth to-night. Shak.

4. Throughly; from beginning to end. [Obs.] Shak. And so forth, Back
and forth, From forth. See under And, Back, and From.
 -- Forth of, Forth from, out of [Obs.] Shak.
 -- To bring forth. See under Bring.

FORTH
Forth, prep.

Defn: Forth from; out of. [Archaic]
Some forth their cabins peep. Donne.

FORTH
Forth, n. Etym: [OE., a ford. Frith.]

Defn: A way; a passage or ford. [Obs.] Todd.

FORTHBY
Forth`by", adv. [Obs.]

Defn: See Forby.

FORTHCOMING
Forth"com`ing ( or ), a.

Defn: Ready or about to appear; making appearance.

FORTHGOING
Forth"go`ing ( or ), n.

Defn: A going forth; an utterance. A. Chalmers.

FORTHGOING
Forth"go`ing, a.

Defn: Going forth.

FORTHINK
For*think", v. t.

Defn: To repent; to regret; to be sorry for; to cause regret. [Obs.]
"Let it forthink you." Tyndale.
That me forthinketh, quod this January. Chaucer.

FORTHPUTING
Forth"put`ing ( or ), a.

Defn: Bold; forward; aggressive.

FORTHRIGHT
Forth"right` ( or ), adv. Etym: [Forth, adv. + right, adv.]

Defn: Straight forward; in a straight direction. [Archaic] Sir P.
Sidney.

FORTHRIGHT
Forth"right`, a.

Defn: Direct; straightforward; as, a forthright man. [Archaic]
Lowell.
They were Night and Day, and Day and Night, Piligrims wight with
steps forthright. Emerson.

FORTHRIGHT
Forth"right`, n.

Defn: A straight path. [Archaic]
Here's a maze trod, indeed, Through forthrights and meanders! Shak.

FORTHRIGHTNESS
Forth"right`ness, n.

Defn: Straightforwardness; explicitness; directness. [Archaic]
Dante's concise forthrightness of phrase. Hawthorne.

FORTHWARD
Forth"ward, adv. Etym: [Forth, adv. + -ward.]

Defn: Forward. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher.

FORTHWITH
Forth`with" ( or ; see With), adv.

1. Immediately; without delay; directly.
Immediately there fell from his eyes as it had been scales; and he
received sight forthwith. Acts ix. 18.

2. (Law)

Defn: As soon as the thing required may be done by reasonable
exertion confined to that object. Bouvier.

FORTHY
For*thy", adv. Etym: [AS. foredhy; for, prep. + edhy, instrumental
neut. of se, seó, edhæt, pron. demonstrative and article. See The.]

Defn: Therefore. [Obs.] Spenser.

FORTIES
For"ties, n. pl.

Defn: See Forty.

FORTIETH
For"ti*eth, a. Etym: [AS. feówertigo. See Forty.]

1. Following the thirty-ninth, or preceded by thirty-nine units,
things, or parts.

2. Constituting one of forty equal parts into which anything is
divided.

FORTIETH
For"ti*eth, n.

Defn: One of forty equal parts into which one whole is divided; the
quotient of a unit divided by forty; one next in order after the
thirty-ninth.

FORTIFIABLE
For"ti*fi`a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. fortifiable.]

Defn: Capable of being fortified. Johnson.

FORTIFICATION
For`ti*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. fortificatio : cf. F. fortification.]

1. The act of fortifying; the art or science of fortifying places in
order to defend them against an enemy.

2. That which fortifies; especially, a work or works erected to
defend a place against attack; a fortified place; a fortress; a fort;
a castle. Fortification agate, Scotch pebble.

Syn.
 -- Fortress; citadel; bulwark. See Fortress.

FORTIFIER
For"ti*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, fortifies, strengthens, supports, or
upholds.

FORTIFY
For"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fortified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fortifying.] Etym: [F. fortifier, L. fortificare; fortis strong + -
ficare (in comp.) to make. See Fort, and -fy.]

1. To add strength to; to strengthen; to confirm; to furnish with
power to resist attack.
Timidity was fortified by pride. Gibbon.
Pride came to the aid of fancy, and both combined to fortify his
resolution. Sir W. Scott.

2. To strengthen and secure by forts or batteries, or by surrounding
with a wall or ditch or other military works; to render defensible
against an attack by hostile forces.

FORTIFY
For"ti*fy, v. i.

Defn: To raise defensive works. Milton.

FORTILAGE
For"ti*lage (; 48), n. Etym: [Cf. Fortalice.]

Defn: A little fort; a blockhouse. [Obs.] Spenser.

FORTIN
Fort"in, n. Etym: [F. See Fort, n.]

Defn: A little fort; a fortlet. [Obs.]

FORTISSIMO
For*tis"si*mo ( or ), adv. Etym: [It., superl. of forte, adv. See
Forte, adv.] (Mus.)

Defn: Very loud; with the utmost strength or loudness.

FORTITION
For*ti"tion, n. Etym: [See Fortuitous.]

Defn: Casual choice; fortuitous selection; hazard. [R.]
No mode of election operating in the spirit of fortition or rotation
can be generally good. Burke.

FORTITUDE
For"ti*tude, n. Etym: [L. fortitudo, fr. fortis strong. See Fort.]

1. Power to resist attack; strength; firmness. [Obs.]
The fortitude of the place is best known to you. Shak.

2. That strength or firmness of mind which enables a person to
encounter danger with coolness and courage, or to bear pain or
adversity without murmuring, depression, or despondency; passive
courage; resolute endurance; firmness in confronting or bearing up
against danger or enduring trouble.
Extolling patience as the truest fortitude. Milton.
Fortitude is the guard and support of the other virtues. Locke.

Syn.
 -- Courage; resolution; resoluteness; endurance; bravery. See
Courage, and Heroism.

FORTITUDINOUS
For`ti*tu"di*nous, a.

Defn: Having fortitude; courageous. [R.] Gibbon.

FORTLET
Fort"let, n.

Defn: A little fort. [R.] Bailey.

FORTNIGHT
Fort"night` (; in U.S. often ; 277), n. Etym: [Contr. fr. fourteen
nights, our ancestors reckoning time by nights and winters; so, also,
seven nights, sennight, a week.]

Defn: The space of fourteen days; two weeks.

FORTNIGHTLY
Fort"night`ly, a.

Defn: Occurring or appearing once in a fortnight; as, a fortnightly
meeting of a club; a fortnightly magazine, or other publication.
 -- adv.

Defn: Once in a fortnight; at intervals of a fortnight.

FORTREAD
For*tread", v. t.

Defn: To tread down; to trample upon. [Obs.]
In hell shall they be all fortroden of devils. Chaucer.

FORTRESS
For"tress, n.; pl. Fortresses. Etym: [F. forteresse, OF. forteresce,
fortelesce, LL. foralitia, fr. L. fortis strong. See Fort, and cf.
Fortalice.]

Defn: A fortified place; a large and permanent fortification,
sometimes including a town; a fort; a castle; a stronghold; a place
of defense or security.

Syn.
 -- Fortress, Fortification, Castle, Citadel. A fortress is
constructed for military purposes only, and is permanently
garrisoned; a fortification is built to defend harbors, cities, etc.;
a castle is a fortress of early times which was ordinarily a palatial
dwelling; a citadel is the stronghold of a fortress or city, etc.

FORTRESS
For"tress, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with a fortress or with fortresses; to guard; to
fortify. Shak.

FORTUITOUS
For*tu"i*tous, a. Etym: [L. fortuitus; akin to forte, adv., by
chance, prop. abl. of fors, fortis, chance. See Fortune.]

1. Happening by chance; coming or occuring unexpectedly, or without
any known cause; chance; as, the fortuitous concourse of atoms.
It was from causes seemingly fortuitous . . . that all the mighty
effects of the Reformation flowed. Robertson.
So as to throw a glancing and fortuitous light upon the whole.
Hazlitt.

2. (LAw)

Defn: Happening independently of human will or means of foresight;
resulting from unavoidable physical causes. Abbott.

Syn.
 -- Accidental; casual; contingent; incidental. See Accidental.
 -- For*tu"i*tous*ly, adv.
 -- For*tu"i*tous*ness, n.

FORTUITY
For*tu"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fortuité.]

Defn: Accident; chance; casualty. D. Forbes (1750).

FORTUNATE
For"tu*nate, a. Etym: [L. fortunatus, p.p. of fortunare to make
fortunate or prosperous, fr. fortuna. See Fortune, n.]

1. Coming by good luck or favorable chance; bringing some good thing
not foreseen as certain; presaging happiness; auspicious; as, a
fortunate event; a fortunate concurrence of circumstances; a
fortunate investment.

2. Receiving same unforeseen or unexpected good, or some good which
was not dependent on one's own skill or efforts; favored with good
forune; lucky.

Syn.
 -- Auspicious; lucky; prosperous; successful; favored; happy.
 -- Fortunate, Successful, Prosperous. A man is fortunate, when he is
favored of fortune, and has unusual blessings fall to his lot;
successful when he gains what he aims at; prosperous when he succeeds
in those things which men commonly desire. One may be fortunate, in
some cases, where he is not successful; he may be successful, but, if
he has been mistaken in the value of what he has aimed at, he may for
that reason fail to be prosperous.

FORTUNATELY
For"tu*nate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a fortunate manner; luckily; successfully; happily.

FORTUNATENESS
For"tu*nate*ness, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being fortunate; good luck;
success; happiness.

FORTUNE
For"tune, n. Etym: [F. fortune, L. fortuna; akin to fors, fortis,
chance, prob. fr. ferre to bear, bring. See Bear to support, and cf.
Fortuitous.]

1. The arrival of something in a sudden or unexpected manner; chance;
accident; luck; hap; also, the personified or deified power regarded
as determining human success, apportioning happiness and unhappiness,
and distributing arbitrarily or fortuitously the lots of life.
'T is more by fortune, lady, than by merit. Shak.
O Fortune, Fortune, all men call thee fickle. Shak.

2. That which befalls or is to befall one; lot in life, or event in
any particular undertaking; fate; destiny; as, to tell one's fortune.
You, who men's fortunes in their faces read. Cowley.

3. That which comes as the result of an undertaking or of a course of
action; good or ill success; especially, favorable issue; happy
event; success; prosperity as reached partly by chance and partly by
effort.
Our equal crimes shall equal fortune give. Dryden.
There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the flood,
leads on to fortune. Shak.
His father dying, he was driven to seek his fortune. Swift.

4. Wealth; large possessions; large estate; riches; as, a gentleman
of fortune.

Syn.
 -- Chance; accident; luck; fate. Fortune book, a book supposed to
reveal future events to those who consult it. Crashaw. - Fortune
hunter, one who seeks to acquire wealth by marriage.
 -- Fortune teller, one who professes to tell future events in the
life of another.
 -- Fortune telling, the practice or art of professing to reveal
future events in the life of another.

FORTUNE
For"tune, v. t. Etym: [OF. fortuner, L. fortunare. See Fortune, n.]

1. To make fortunate; to give either good or bad fortune to. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

2. To provide with a fortune. Richardson.

3. To presage; to tell the fortune of. [Obs.] Dryden.

FORTUNE
For"tune, v. i.

Defn: To fall out; to happen.
It fortuned the same night that a Christian, serving a Turk in the
camp, secretely gave the watchmen warning. Knolles.

FORTUNELESS
For"tune*less, a.

Defn: Luckless; also, destitute of a fortune or portion. Spenser.

FORTUNIZE
For"tun*ize, v. t.

Defn: To regulate the fortune of; to make happy. [Obs.] Spenser.

FORTY
For"ty, a. Etym: [OE. forti, fourti, fowerty, AS. feówertig; feówer
four + suff. -tig ten; akin to OS. fiwartig, fiartig, D. veertig, G.
vierzig, Icel. fjörutiu, Sw. fyratio, Dan. fyrretyve, Goth. fidw. See
Four, and Ten, and cf. Fourteen.]

Defn: Four times ten; thirtynine and one more.

FORTY
For"ty, n.; pl. Forties (.

1. The sum of four tens; forty units or objects.

2. A symbol expressing forty units; as, 40, or xl.

FORTY-NINER
For`ty-nin"er, n.

Defn: One of those who went to California in the rush for gold in
1849; an argonaut. [Colloq., U. S.]

FORTY-SPOT
For"ty-spot`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Tasmanian forty-spotted diamond bird (Pardalotus
quadragintus).

FORUM
Fo"rum, n.; pl. E. Forums, L. Fora. Etym: [L.; akin to foris, foras,
out of doors. See Foreign.]

1. A market place or public place in Rome, where causes were
judicially tried, and orations delivered to the people.

2. A tribunal; a court; an assembly empowered to hear and decide
causes.
He [Lord Camden] was . . . more eminent in the senate than in the
forum. Brougham.

FORWAKED
For*waked" ( or ), p. p. & a.

Defn: Tired out with excessive waking or watching. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FORWANDER
For*wan"der, v. i.

Defn: To wander away; to go astray; to wander far and to weariness.
[Obs.]

FORWARD
For"ward, n. Etym: [OE., fr. AS. foreweard; fore before + weard a
ward. See Ward, n.]

Defn: An agreement; a covenant; a promise. [Obs.]
Tell us a tale anon, as forward is. Chaucer.

FORWARD; FORWARDS
For"ward, For"wards, adv. Etym: [AS. forweard, foreweard; for, fore +
-weardes; akin to G. vorwärts. The s is properly a genitive ending.
See For, Fore, and -ward, -wards.]

Defn: Toward a part or place before or in front; onward; in advance;
progressively; -- opposed to backward.

FORWARD
For"ward, a.

1. Near, or at the fore part; in advance of something else; as, the
forward gun in a ship, or the forward ship in a fleet.

2. Ready; prompt; strongly inclined; in an ill sense, overready; to
hasty.
Only they would that we should remember the poor; the same which I
also was forward to do. Gal. ii. 10.
Nor do we find him forward to be sounded. Shak.

3. Ardent; eager; earnest; in an ill sense, less reserved or modest
than is proper; bold; confident; as, the boy is too forward for his
years.
I have known men disagreeably forward from their shyness. T. Arnold.

4. Advanced beyond the usual degree; advanced for season; as, the
grass is forward, or forward for the season; we have a forward
spring. early.
The most forward bud Is eaten by the canker ere it blow. Shak.

FORWARD
For"ward, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forwarded; p.pr. & vb.n. Forwarding.]

1. To help onward; to advance; to promote; to accelerate; to quicken;
to hasten; as, to forward the growth of a plant; to forward one in
improvement.

2. To send forward; to send toward the place of destination; to
transmit; as, to forward a letter.

FORWARDER
For"ward*er, n.

1. One who forwards or promotes; a promoter. Udall.

2. One who sends forward anything; (Com.) one who transmits goods; a
forwarding merchant.

3. (Bookbinding)

Defn: One employed in forwarding.

FORWARDING
For"ward*ing, n.

1. The act of one who forwards; the act or occupation of transmitting
merchandise or other property for others.

2. (Bookbinding)

Defn: The process of putting a book into its cover, and making it
ready for the finisher.

FORWARDLY
For"ward*ly, adv.

Defn: Eagerly; hastily; obtrusively.

FORWARDNESS
For"ward*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being forward; cheerful readiness; promtness;
as, the forwardness of Christians in propagating the gospel.

2. An advanced stage of progress or of preparation; advancement; as,
his measures were in great forwardness. Robertson.

3. Eagerness; ardor; as, it is difficult to restrain the forwardness
of youth.

3. Boldness; confidence; assurance; want of due reserve or modesty.
In France it is usual to bring children into company, and cherish in
them, from their infancy, a kind of forwardness and assurance.
Addison.

5. A state of advance beyond the usual degree; prematureness;
precocity; as, the forwardnessof spring or of corn; the forwardness
of a pupil.
He had such a dexterous proclivity, as his teachers were fain to
restrain his forwardness. Sir H. Wotton.

Syn.
 -- Promptness; promptitude; eagerness; ardor; zeal; assurance;
confidence; boldness; impudence; presumption.

FORWARDS
For"wards, adv.

Defn: Same as Forward.

FORWASTE
For*waste", v. t. Etym: [Pref. for- + waste.]

Defn: To desolate or lay waste utterly. [Obs.] Spenser.

FORWEARY
For*wea"ry, v. t.

Defn: To weary extremely; to dispirit. [Obs.] Spenser.

FORWEEP
For*weep", v. i.

Defn: To weep much. [Obs.]

FORWETE
For*wete", v. t.

Defn: See Forewite. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FORWHY
For*why", conj. Etym: [For + why, AS. hw, instrumental case of hwa
who.]

Defn: Wherefore; because. [Obs.]

FORWORN
For*worn", a.

Defn: Much worn. [Obs.]
A silly man, in simple weeds forworn. Spenser.

FORWOT
For*wot",

Defn: pres. indic. 1st & 3d pers. sing. of Forwete. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FORWRAP
For*wrap", v. t.

Defn: To wrap up; to conceal. [Obs.]
All mote be said and nought excused, nor hid, nor forwrapped.
Chaucer.

FORYELDE
For*yelde", v. t. Etym: [AS. forgieldan.]

Defn: To repay; to requite. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FORYETE
For*yete", v. t.

Defn: To forget. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FORYETTEN
For*yet"ten, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Foryete. Chaucer.

FORZANDO
For*zan"do, adv. Etym: [It., prop. p.p. of forzare to force.] (Mus.)

Defn: See Sforzato.

FOSSA
Fos"sa, n.; pl. FossÆ. Etym: [L., a ditch. See Fosse.] (Anat.)

Defn: A pit, groove, cavity, or depression, of greater or less depth;
as, the temporal fossa on the side of the skull; the nasal fossæ
containing the nostrils in most birds.

FOSSANE
Fos"sane`, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fossane.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of civet (Viverra fossa) resembling the genet.

FOSSE
Fosse, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. fossa, fr. fodere, fossum, to dig.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A ditch or moat.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: See Fossa. Fosse road. See Fosseway.

FOSSET
Fos"set, n.

Defn: A faucet. [Obs.] Shak.

FOSSETTE
Fos`sette" ( or ), n. Etym: [F., dim. of fosse a fosse.]

1. A little hollow; hence, a dimple.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A small, deep-centered ulcer of the transparent cornea.

FOSSEWAY
Fosse"way`, n.

Defn: One of the great military roads constructed by the Romans in
England and other parts of Europe; -- so called from the fosse or
ditch on each side for keeping it dry.

FOSSICK
Fos"sick, v. i. [Dial. E. fossick, fossuck, a troublesome person,
fussick to potter over one's work, fussock to bustle about; of
uncertain origin. Cf. Fuss.]

1. (Mining)

Defn: To search for gold by picking at stone or earth or among roots
in isolated spots, picking over abandoned workings, etc.; hence, to
steal gold or auriferous matter from another's claim. [Australia]

2.  To search about; to rummage.

A man who has fossicked in nature's byways.
D. Macdonald.

FOSSIL
Fos"sil, a. Etym: [L. fossilis, fr. fodere to dig: cf. F. fossile.
See Fosse.]

1. Dug out of the eart; as, fossil coal; fossil salt.

2. (Paleon.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to fossils; contained in rocks. whether
petrified or not; as, fossil plants, shells. Fossil copal, a resinous
substance, first found in the blue clay at Highgate, near London, and
apparently a vegetable resin, partly changed by remaining in the
earth.
 -- Fossil cork, flax, paper, or wood, varieties of amianthus.
 -- Fossil farina, a soft carbonate of lime.
 -- Fossil ore, fossiliferous red hematite. Raymond.

FOSSIL
Fos"sil, n.

1. A substance dug from the earth. [Obs.]

Note: Formerly all minerals were called fossils, but the word is now
restricted to express the remains of animals and plants found buried
in the earth. Ure.

2. (Paleon.)

Defn: The remains of an animal or plant found in stratified rocks.
Most fossils belong to extinct species, but many of the later ones
belong to species still living.

3. A person whose views and opinions are extremely antiquated; one
whose sympathies are with a former time rather than with the present.
[Colloq.]

FOSSILIFEROUS
Fos`sil*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Fossil + -ferous.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Containing or composed of fossils.

FOSSILIFICATION
Fos*sil`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Fossil + L. facere to make.]

Defn: The process of becoming fossil.

FOSSILISM
Fos"sil*ism, n.

1. The science or state of fossils. Coleridge.

2. The state of being extremely antiquated in views and opinions.

FOSSILIST
Fos"sil*ist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in the science of fossils; a paleontologist.
Joseph Black.

FOSSILIZATION
Fos`sil*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fossilisation.]

Defn: The process of converting, or of being converted, into a
fossil.

FOSSILIZE
Fos"sil*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fossilized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fossilizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. fossiliser.]

1. To convert into a fossil; to petrify; as, to fossilize bones or
wood.

2. To cause to become antiquated, rigid, or fixed, as by
fossilization; to mummify; to deaden.
Ten layers of birthdays on a woman's head Are apt to fossilize her
girlish mirth. Mrs. Browning.

FOSSILIZE
Fos"sil*ize, v. i.

1. To become fossil.

2. To become antiquated, rigid, or fixed, beyond the influence of
change or progress.

FOSSILIZED
Fos"sil*ized, a.

Defn: Converted into a fossil; antiquated; firmly fixed in views or
opinions.
A fossilized sample of confused provincialism. Earle.

FOSSORES
Fos*so"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. fossor digger, fr. fodere to
dig.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of hymenopterous insects including the sand wasps. They
excavate cells in earth, where they deposit their eggs, with the
bodies of other insects for the food of the young when hatched.
[Written also Fossoria.]

FOSSORIA
Fos*so"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Fossores.

FOSSORIAL
Fos*so"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. fossor a digger.]

Defn: Fitted for digging, adapted for burrowing or digging; as, a
fossorial foot; a fossorial animal.

FOSSORIOUS
Fos*so"ri*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Adapted for digging; -- said of the legs of certain insects.

FOSSULATE
Fos"su*late, a. Etym: [L. fossula little ditch, dim. of fossa. See
Fosse.]

Defn: Having, or surrounded by, long, narrow depressions or furrows.

FOSTER
Fos"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fostered, p. pr. & vb. n. Fostering.]
Etym: [OE. fostren, fr. AS. foster, fostor, food, nourishment, fr.
foda food. *75. See Food.]

1. To feed; to nourish; to support; to bring up.
Some say that ravens foster forlorn children. Shak.

2. To cherish; to promote the growth of; to encourage; to sustain and
promote; as, to foster genius.

FOSTER
Fos"ter, v. i.

Defn: To be nourished or trained up together. [Obs.] Spenser.

FOSTER
Fos"ter, a. Etym: [AS. foster, fostor, nourishment. See Foster, v.
t.]

Defn: Relating to nourishment; affording, receiving, or sharing
nourishment or nurture; -- applied to father, mother, child, brother,
etc., to indicate that the person so called stands in the relation of
parent, child, brother, etc., as regards sustenance and nurture, but
not by tie of blood. Foster babe, or child, an infant of child nursed
by a woman not its mother, or bred by a man not its father.
 -- Foster brother, Foster sister, one who is, or has been, nursed at
the same breast, or brought up by the same nurse as another, but is
not of the same parentage.
 -- Foster dam, one who takes the place of a mother; a nurse. Dryden.
 -- Foster earth, earth by which a plant is nourished, though not its
native soil. J. Philips.
 -- Foster father, a man who takes the place of a father in caring
for a child. Bacon.
 -- Foster land. (a) Land allotted for the maintenance of any one.
[Obs.] (b) One's adopted country.
 -- Foster lean Etym: [foster + AS. læn a loan See Loan.],
remuneration fixed for the rearing of a foster child; also, the
jointure of a wife. [Obs.] Wharton.
 -- Foster mother, a woman who takes a mother's place in the nurture
and care of a child; a nurse.
 -- Foster nurse, a nurse; a nourisher. [R.] Shak.
 -- Foster parent, a foster mother or foster father.
 -- Foster son, a male foster child.

FOSTER
Fos"ter, n.

Defn: A forester. [Obs.] Spenser.

FOSTER
Fos"ter, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, fosters.

FOSTERAGE
Fos"ter*age (; 48), n.

Defn: The care of a foster child; the charge of nursing. Sir W.
Raleigh.

FOSTERER
Fos"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, fosters.

FOSTERLING
Fos"ter*ling, n. Etym: [AS. fostorling.]

Defn: A foster child.

FOSTERMENT
Fos"ter*ment, n.

Defn: Food; nourishment. [Obs.]

FOSTRESS
Fos"tress, n. Etym: [For fosteress.]

Defn: A woman who feeds and cherishes; a nurse. B. Jonson.

FOTHER
Foth"er, n. Etym: [OE. fother, foder, AS. fo a cartload; akin to G.
fuder a cartload, a unit of measure, OHG. fuodar, D. voeder, and
perh. to E. fathom, or cf. Skr. patra vessel, dish. Cf. Fodder a
fother.]

1. A wagonload; a load of any sort. [Obs.]
Of dung full many a fother. Chaucer.

2. See Fodder, a unit of weight.

FOTHER
Foth"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fothered; p. pr. & vb. n. Fothering.]
Etym: [Cf. Fodder food, and G. füttern, futtern, to cover within or
without, to line. *75.]

Defn: To stop (a leak in a ship at sea) by drawing under its bottom a
thrummed sail, so that the pressure of the water may force it into
the crack. Totten.

FOTIVE
Fo"tive, a. Etym: [L. fovere, fotum, to keep warm, to cherish.]

Defn: Nourishing. [Obs.] T. Carew (1633).

FOTMAL
Fot"mal, n. (Com.)

Defn: Seventy pounds of lead.

FOUCAULT CURRENT
Fou`cault" cur`rent. [After J. B. L. Foucault (1819-68), French
physicist.] (Elec.)

Defn: An eddy current.

FOUGADE; FOUGASSE
Fou`gade", Fou`gasse", n. (Mil.)

Defn: A small mine, in the form of a well sunk from the surface of
the ground, charged with explosive and projectiles. It is made in a
position likely to be occupied by the enemy.

FOUGHT
Fought,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Fight.

FOUGHTEN
Fought"en,

Defn: p. p. of Fight. [Archaic]

FOUL
Foul, n. Etym: [See Fowl.]

Defn: A bird. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FOUL
Foul, a. [Compar. Fouler (-er); superl. Foulest.] Etym: [OE. foul,
ful, AS. ful; akin to D. vuil, G. faul rotten, OHG. ful, Icel. ful
foul, fetid; Dan. fuul, Sw. ful foul, Goth. fuls fetid, Lith. puti to
be putrid, L. putere to stink, be putrid, pus pus, Gr. py`on pus, to
cause to rot, Skr. puy to stink. *82. Cf. Defile to foul, File to
foul, Filth, Pus, Putrid.]

1. Covered with, or containing, extraneous matter which is injurious,
noxious, offensive, or obstructive; filthy; dirty; not clean;
polluted; nasty; defiled; as, a foul cloth; foul hands; a foul
chimney; foul air; a ship's bottom is foul when overgrown with
barnacles; a gun becomes foul from repeated firing; a well is foul
with polluted water.
My face is foul with weeping. Job. xvi. 16.

2. Scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive; as, foul words; foul
language.

3. Hateful; detestable; shameful; odious; wretched. "The foul with
Sycorax." Shak.
Who first seduced them to that foul revolt Milton.

4. Loathsome; disgusting; as, a foul disease.

5. Ugly; homely; poor. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Let us, like merchants, show our foulest wares. Shak.

6. Not favorable; unpropitious; not fair or advantageous; as, a foul
wind; a foul road; cloudy or rainy; stormy; not fair; -- said of the
weather, sky, etc.
So foul a sky clears not without a storm. Shak.

7. Not conformed to the established rules and customs of a game,
conflict, test, etc.; unfair; dishonest; dishonorable; cheating; as,
foul play.

8. Having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or
entanglement; entangled; -- opposed to clear; as, a rope or cable may
get foul while paying it out.

Foul anchor. (Naut.) See under Anchor.
 -- Foul ball (Baseball), a ball that first strikes the ground
outside of the foul ball lines, or rolls outside of certain limits.
 -- Foul ball lines (Baseball), lines from the home base, through the
first and third bases, to the boundary of the field.
 -- Foul berth (Naut.), a berth in which a ship is in danger of
fouling another vesel.
 -- Foul bill, or Foul bill of health, a certificate, duly
authenticated, that a ship has come from a place where a contagious
disorder prevails, or that some of the crew are infected.
 -- Foul copy, a rough draught, with erasures and corrections; --
opposed to fair or clean copy. "Some writers boast of negligence, and
others would be ashamed to show their foul copies." Cowper.
 -- Foul proof, an uncorrected proof; a proof containing an excessive
quantity of errors.
 -- Foul strike (Baseball), a strike by the batsman when any part of
his person is outside of the lines of his position.
 -- To fall foul, to fall out; to quarrel. [Obs.] "If they be any
ways offended, they fall foul." Burton.
 -- To fall, or run, foul of. See under Fall.
 -- To make foul water, to sail in such shallow water that the ship's
keel stirs the mud at the bottom.

FOUL
Foul, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fouled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fouling.]

1. To make filthy; to defile; to daub; to dirty; to soil; as, to foul
the face or hands with mire.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To incrust (the bore of a gun) with burnt powder in the process
of firing.

3. To cover (a ship's bottom) with anything that impered its sailing;
as, a bottom fouled with barnacles.

4. To entangle, so as to impede motion; as, to foul a rope or cable
in paying it out; to come into collision with; as, one boat fouled
the other in a race.

FOUL
Foul, v. i.

1. To become clogged with burnt powder in the process of firing, as a
gun.

2. To become entagled, as ropes; to come into collision with
something; as, the two boats fouled.

FOUL
Foul, n.

1. An entanglement; a collision, as in a boat race.

2. (Baseball)

Defn: See Foul ball, under Foul, a.

FOULARD
Fou`lard", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A thin, washable material of silk, or silk and cotton,
originally imported from India, but now also made elsewhere.

FOULDER
Foul"der, v. i. Etym: [OE. fouldre lightning, fr. F. foudre, OF. also
fouldre, fr. L. fulgur. See Fulgor.]

Defn: To flash, as lightning; to lighten; to gleam; to thunder.
[Obs.] "Flames of fouldering heat." Spenser.

FOULE
Foul"e, adv.

Defn: Foully. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FOULLY
Foul"ly, v.

Defn: In a foul manner; filthily; nastily; shamefully; unfairly;
dishonorably.
I foully wronged him; do forgive me, do. Gay.

FOUL-MOUTHED
Foul"-mouthed`, a.

Defn: Using language scurrilous, opprobrious, obscene, or profane;
abusive.
So foul-mouthed a witness never appeared in any cause. Addison.

FOULNESS
Foul"ness, n. Etym: [AS. f.]

Defn: The quality or condition of being foul.

FOUL-SPOKEN
Foul"-spo`ken, a.

Defn: Using profane, scurrilous, slanderous, or obscene language.
Shak.

FOUMART
Fou"mart`, n. Etym: [OE. folmard, fulmard; AS. f foul + mear, meard,
marten: cf. F. marte, martre. See Foul, a., and Marten the
quadruped.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European polecat; -- called also European ferret, and
fitchew. See Polecat. [Written also foulmart, foulimart, and
fulimart.]

FOUND
Found,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Find.

FOUND
Found, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Founded; p. pr. & vb. n. Founding.] Etym:
[F. fondre, L. fundere to found, pour.]

Defn: To form by melting a metal, and pouring it into a mold; to
cast. "Whereof to found their engines." Milton.

FOUND
Found, n.

Defn: A thin, single-cut file for combmakers.

FOUND
Found, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Founded; p. pr. & vb. n. Founding.] Etym:
[F. fonder, L. fundare, fr. fundus bottom. See 1st Bottom, and cf.
Founder, v. i., Fund.]

1. To lay the basis of; to set, or place, as on something solid, for
support; to ground; to establish upon a basis, literal or figurative;
to fix firmly.
I had else been perfect, Whole as the marble, founded as the rock.
Shak.
A man that all his time Hath founded his good fortunes on your love.
Shak.
It fell not, for it was founded on a rock. Matt. vii. 25.

2. To take the ffirst steps or measures in erecting or building up;
to furnish the materials for beginning; to begin to raise; to
originate; as, to found a college; to found a family.
There they shall found Their government, and their great senate
choose. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To base; ground; institute; establish; fix. See Predicate.

FOUNDATION
Foun*da"tion, n. Etym: [F. fondation, L. fundatio. See Found to
establish.]

1. The act of founding, fixing, establishing, or beginning to erect.

2. That upon which anything is founded; that on which anything
stands, and by which it is supported; the lowest and supporting layer
of a superstructure; groundwork; basis.
Behold, I lay in Zion, for a foundation, a stone . . . a precious
corner stone, a sure foundation. Is. xxviii. 16.
The foundation of a free common wealth. Motley.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: The lowest and supporting part or member of a wall, including
the base course (see Base course (a), under Base, n.) and footing
courses; in a frame house, the whole substructure of masonry.

4. A donation or legacy appropriated to support a charitable
institution, and constituting a permanent fund; endowment.
He was entered on the foundation of Westminster. Macaulay.

5. That which is founded, or established by endowment; an endowed
institution or charity.
Against the canon laws of our foundation. Milton.
Foundation course. See Base course, under Base, n.
 -- Foundation muslin, an open-worked gummed fabric used for
stiffening dresses, bonnets, etc.
 -- Foundation school, in England, an endowed school.
 -- To be on a foundation, to be entitled to a support from the
proceeds of an endowment, as a scholar or a fellow of a college.

FOUNDATIONER
Foun*da"tion*er, n.

Defn: One who derives support from the funds or foundation of a
college or school. [Eng.]

FOUNDATIONLESS
Foun*da"tion*less, a.

Defn: Having no foundation.

FOUNDER
Found"er, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. fondeor, F. fondateur, L. fundator.]

Defn: One who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a
foundation; an author; one from whom anything originates; one who
endows.

FOUNDER
Found"er, n. Etym: [From Found to cast.]

Defn: One who founds; one who casts metals in various forms; a
caster; as, a founder of cannon, bells, hardware, or types. Fonder's
dust. Same as Facing, 4.
 -- Founder's sand, a kind of sand suitable for purposes of molding.

FOUNDER
Found"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Foundered; p. pr. & vb. n. Foundering.]
Etym: [OF. fondrer to fall in, cf. F. s'effondrer, fr. fond bottom,
L. fundus. See Found to establish.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: To become filled with water, and sink, as a ship.

2. To fall; to stumble and go lame, as a horse.
For which his horse fearé gan to turn, And leep aside, and foundrede
as he leep. Chaucer.

3. To fail; to miscarry. "All his tricks founder." Shak.

FOUNDER
Found"er, v. t.

Defn: To cause internal inflammation and soreness in the feet or
limbs of (a horse), so as to disable or lame him.

FOUNDER
Found"er, n. (Far.)
(a) A lameness in the foot of a horse, occasioned by inflammation;
closh.
(b) An inflammatory fever of the body, or acute rheumatism; as, chest
founder. See Chest ffounder. James White.

FOUNDEROUS
Foun"der*ous, a.

Defn: Difficult to travel; likely to trip one up; as, a founderous
road. [R.] Burke.

FOUNDERSHAFT
Found"er*shaft`, n. (Mining)

Defn: The first shaft sunk. Raymond.

FOUNDERY
Found"er*y, n.; pl. Founderies. Etym: [F. fonderie, fr. fondre. See
Found to cast, and cf. Foundry.]

Defn: Same as Foundry.

FOUNDING
Found"ing, n.

Defn: The art of smelting and casting metals.

FOUNDLING
Found"ling, n. Etym: [OE. foundling, fundling; finden to find + -
ling; cf. fündling, findling. See Find, v. t., and -ling.]

Defn: A deserted or exposed infant; a child found without a parent or
owner. Foundling hospital, a hospital for foundlings.

FOUNDRESS
Found"ress, n.

Defn: A female founder; a woman who founds or establishes, or who
endows with a fund.

FOUNDRY
Found"ry, n.; pl. Foundries. Etym: [See Foundery.]

1. The act, process, or art of casting metals.

2. The buildings and works for casting metals. Foundry ladle, a
vessel for holding molten metal and conveying it from cupola to the
molds.

FOUNT
Fount, n. Etym: [See Font.] (Print.)

Defn: A font.

FOUNT
Fount, n. Etym: [OF. font, funt, fr. L. fons, fontis, a fountain; of
uncertain origin, perh. akin to fundere to pour, E. found to cast.
Cf. Font.]

Defn: A fountain.

FOUNTAIN
Foun"tain, n. Etym: [F. fontaine, LL. fontana, fr. L. fons, fontis.
See 2d Fount.]

1. A spring of water issuing from the earth.

2. An artificially produced jet or stream of water; also, the
structure or works in which such a jet or stream rises or flows; a
basin built and constantly supplied with pure water for drinking and
other useful purposes, or for ornament.

3. A reservoir or chamber to contain a liquid which can be conducted
or drawn off as needed for use; as, the ink fountain in a printing
press, etc.

4. The source from which anything proceeds, or from which anything is
supplied continuously; origin; source.
Judea, the fountain of the gospel. Fuller.
Author of all being, Fountain of light, thyself invisible. Milton.
Air fountain. See under Air.
 -- Fountain heead, primary source; original; first principle. Young.
 -- Fountain inkstand, an inkstand having a continual supply of ink,
as from elevated reservoir.
 -- Fountain lamp, a lamp fed with oil from an elevated reservoir.
 -- Fountain pen, a pen with a reservoir in the handle which
furnishes a supply of ink.
 -- Fountain pump. (a) A structure for a fountain, having the form of
a pump. (b) A portable garden pump which throws a jet, for watering
plants, etc.
 -- Fountain shell (Zoöl.), the large West Indian conch shell
(Strombus gigas).
 -- Fountain of youth, a mythical fountain whose waters were fabled
to have the property of renewing youth.

FOUNTAINLESS
Foun"tain*less, a.

Defn: Having no fountain; destitute of springs or sources of water.
Barren desert, fountainless and dry. Milton.

FOUNTFUL
Fount"ful, a.

Defn: Full of fountains. Pope.

FOUR
Four, a. Etym: [OE. four, fower, feower, AS. feówer; akin to OS.
fiwar, D. & G. vier, OHG. fior, Icel. fj, Sw. fyra, Dan. fire, Goth.
fidw, Russ. chetuire, chetvero, W. pedwar, L. quatuor, Gr. catur.
Farthing, Firkin, Forty, Cater four, Quater-cousin, Quatuor, Quire of
paper, tetrarch.]

Defn: One more than three; twice two.

FOUR
Four, n.

1. The sum of four units; four units or objects.

2. A symbol representing four units, as 4 or iv.

3. Four things of the same kind, esp. four horses; as, a chariot and
four. All fours. See All fours, in the Vocabulary.

FOURB; FOURBE
Fourb, Fourbe, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A trickly fellow; a cheat. [Obs.] Evelyn. Denham.

FOURCHE
Four`ché", a. Etym: [F. See Fo.] (Her.)

Defn: Having the ends forked or branched, and the ends of the
branches terminating abruptly as if cut off; -- said of an ordinary,
especially of a cross.

FOURCHETTE
Four`chette", n. Etym: [F., dim. of fourche. See Fork.]

1. A table fork.

2. (Anat.)
(a) A small fold of membrane, connecting the labia in the posterior
part of the vulva.
(b) The wishbone or furculum of birds.
(c) The frog of the hoof of the horse and allied animals.

3. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument used to raise and support the tongue during the
cutting of the frænum.

4. (Glove Making)

Defn: The forked piece between two adjacent fingers, to which the
front and back portions are sewed. Knight.

FOUR-CORNERED
Four"-cor`nered, a.

Defn: Having four corners or angles.

FOUR-CYCLE
Four"-cy`cle, n. (Thermodynamics)

Defn: A four-stroke cycle, as the Otto cycle, for an internal-
combustion engine. -- Four"-cy`cle, a.

FOURDRINIER
Four`dri`nier", n.

Defn: A machine used in making paper; -- so named from an early
inventor of improvements in this class of machinery.

FOURFOLD
Four"fold`, a. & adv. Etym: [AS. feówerfeold.]

Defn: Four times; quadruple; as, a fourfold division.
He snall restore the lamb fourfold. 2 Sam. xii. 6.

FOURFOLD
Four"fold`, n.

Defn: Four times as many or as much.

FOURFOLD
Four"fold`, v. t.

Defn: To make four times as much or as many, as an assessment,; to
quadruple.

FOURFOOTED
Four"foot`ed, a.

Defn: Having four feet; quadruped; as, fourfooted beasts.

FOURGON
Four`gon", n. Etym: [F.] (Mil.) (a)An ammunition wagon.
(b) A French baggage wagon.

FOURHANDED
Four"hand`ed, a.

1. Having four hands; quadrumanous. Goldsmith.

2. Requiring four "hands" or players; as, a fourhanded game at cards.

FOURIERISM
Fou"ri*er*ism, n.

Defn: The coöperative socialistic system of Charles Fourier, a
Frenchman, who recommended the reorganization of society into small
communities, living in common.

FOURIERIST; FOURIERITE
Fou"ri*er*ist, Fou"ri*er*ite, n.

Defn: One who adopts the views of Fourier.

FOUR-IN-HAND
Four"-in-hand, a.

Defn: Consisting of four horses controlled by one person; as, a four-
in-hand team; drawn by four horses driven by one person; as, a four-
in-hand coach.
 -- n.

Defn: A team of four horses driven by one person; also, a vehicle
drawn by such a team.
As quaint a four-in-hand As you shall see. Tennyson.

FOURLING
Four"ling, n.

1. One of four children born at the same time.

2. (Crystallog.)

Defn: A compound or twin crystal consisting of four individuals.

FOURNEAU
Four`neau", n. Etym: [F.] (Mil.)

Defn: The chamber of a mine in which the powder is placed.

FOUR-O'CLOCK
Four"-o'clock`, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Mirabilis. There are about half a dozen
species, natives of the warmer parts of America. The common four-
o'clock is M. Jalapa. Its flowers are white, yellow, and red, and
open toward sunset, or earlier in cloudy weather; hence the name. It
is also called marvel of Peru, and afternoon lady.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The friar bird; -- so called from its cry, which resembles
these words.

FOURPENCE
Four"pence, n.

1. A British silver coin, worth four pence; a groat.

2. A name formerly given in New England to the Spanish half real, a
silver coin worth six and a quarter cents.

FOUR-POSTER
Four"-post`er, n.

Defn: A large bedstead with tall posts at the corners to support
curtains. [Colloq.]

FOURRIER
Four"rier (; F. , n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. forre. See Forage, n.]

Defn: A harbinger. [Obs.]

FOURSCORE
Four"score`, a. Etym: [Four + core, n.]

Defn: Four times twenty; eighty.

FOURSCORE
Four"score`, n.

Defn: The product of four times twenty; eighty units or objects.

FOURSOME
Four"some, a.  [Four + 2d -some.]

Defn: Consisting of four; requiring four participants. [Scot. or
Golf]

FOURSOME
Four"some, n. (Golf)

Defn: A game between four players, with two on each side and each
side playing but one ball, the partners striking alternately. It is
called a mixed foursome when each side consists of a man and a woman.

FOURSQUARE
Four"square`, a.

Defn: Having four sides and four equal angles. Sir W. Raleigh.

FOURTEEN
Four"teen`, a. Etym: [OE. fourtene, feowertene, AS. feówert, feówert.
See Four, and Ten, and cf. Forty.]

Defn: Four and ten more; twice seven.

FOURTEEN
Four"teen`, n.

1. The sum of ten and four; forteen units or objects.

2. A symbol representing fourteen, as 14 or xiv.

FOURTEENTH
Four"teenth`, a. Etym: [Cf. OE. fourtende, fourtethe, AS.
feówerteoedha.]

1. Next in order after the thirteenth; as, the fourteenth day of the
month.

2. Making or constituting one of fourteen equal parts into which
anything may be derived.

FOURTEENTH
Four"teenth`, n.

1. One of fourteen equal parts into which one whole may be divided;
the quotient of a unit divided by fourteen; one next after the
thirteenth.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The octave of the seventh.

FOURTH
Fourth, a. Etym: [OE. fourthe, ferthe, feorthe, AS. feóredha, fr.
feówer four.]

1. Next in order after the third; the ordinal of four.

2. Forming one of four equal parts into which anything may be
divided.

FOURTH
Fourth, n.

1. One of four equal parts into which one whole may be divided; the
quotient of a unit divided by four; one coming next in order after
the third.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The interval of two tones and a semitone, embracing four
diatonic degrees of the scale; the subdominant of any key. The
Fourth, specifically, un the United States, the fourth day of July,
the anniversary of the declaration of American independence; as, to
celebrate the Fourth.

FOURTHLY
Fourth"ly, adv.

Defn: In the fourth place.

FOUR-WAY
Four"-way`, a.

Defn: Allowing passage in either of four directions; as, a four-way
cock, or valve. Francis. Four-way cock, a cock connected with four
pipes or ports, and having two or more passages in the plug, by which
the adjacent pipes or ports may be made to communicate; formerly used
as a valve in the steam engine, and now for various other purposes.
In the illustration, a leads to the upper end of a steam engine
cylinder, and b to the lower end; c is the steam pipe, and d the
exhaust pipe.

FOUR-WHEELED
Four"-wheeled`, a.

Defn: Having four wheels.

FOUR-WHEELER
Four"-wheel`er, n.

Defn: A vehicle having four wheels. [Colloq.]

FOUSSA
Fous"sa, n. Etym: [Natibe name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A viverrine animal of Madagascar (Cryptoprocta ferox). It
resembles a cat in size and form, and has retractile claws.

FOUTER
Fou"ter, n. Etym: [F. foutre to lecher, L. futuere. Cf. Fouty.]

Defn: A despicable fellow. [Prov. Eng.] Brockett.

FOUTRA
Fou"tra, n. Etym: [See Fouter.]

Defn: A fig; -- a word of contempt. [Obs.]
A foutra for the world and wordlings base! Shak.

FOUTY
Fou"ty, a. Etym: [Cf. F. foutu, p.p. of foutre; OF. foutu scoundrel.
See Fouter.]

Defn: Despicable. [Obs.]

FOVEA
Fo"ve*a, n.; pl. Foveæ. Etym: [L., a small pit.]

Defn: A slight depression or pit; a fossa.

FOVEATE
Fo"ve*ate, a. Etym: [L. fovea a pit.]

Defn: Having pits or depressions; pitted.

FOVEOLA
Fo*ve"o*la, n.; pl. Foveolæ. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. fovea.]

Defn: A small depression or pit; a fovea.

FOVEOLATE
Fo"ve*o*late ( or ), a.

Defn: Having small pits or depression, as the receptacle in some
composite flowers.

FOVEOLATED
Fo"ve*o*la`ted, a.

Defn: Foveolate.

FOVILLA
Fo*vil"la, n.; pl. Fovillæ. Etym: [Dim. fr. L. fovere to cherish.]
(Bot.)

Defn: One of the fine granules contained in the protoplasm of a
pollen grain.

FOWL
Fowl, n.

Note: Instead of the pl. Fowls the singular is often used
collectively. Etym: [OE. foul, fowel, foghel, fuhel, fugel, AS.
fugol; akin to OS. fugal D. & G. vogel, OHG. fogal, Icel. & Dan.
fugl, Sw. fogel, fågel, Goth. fugls; of unknown origin, possibly by
loss of l, from the root of E. fly, or akin to E. fox, as being a
tailed animal.]

1. Any bird; esp., any large edible bird.
Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of
the air. Gen. i. 26.
Behold the fowls of the air; for they sow not. Matt. vi. 26.
Like a flight of fowl Scattered by winds and high tempestuous gusts.
Shak.

2. Any domesticated bird used as food, as a hen, turkey, duck; in a
more restricted sense, the common domestic cock or hen (Gallus
domesticus). Barndoor fowl, or Barnyard fowl, a fowl that frequents
the barnyard; the common domestic cock or hen.

FOWL
Fowl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fowled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fowling.]

Defn: To catch or kill wild fowl, for game or food, as by shooting,
or by decoys, nets, etc.
Such persons as may lawfully hunt, fish, or fowl. Blackstone.
Fowling piece, a light gun with smooth bore, adapted for the use of
small shot in killing birds or small quadrupeds.

FOWLER
Fowl"er, n.

Defn: A sportsman who pursues wild fowl, or takes or kills for food.

FOWLERITE
Fow"ler*ite, n. Etym: [From Dr. Samuel Fowler.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of rhodonite, from Franklin Furnace, New Jersey,
containing some zinc.

FOWLER'S SOLUTION
Fow"ler's so*lu"tion

Defn: . An Fowler, an English physician who first brought it into
use.

FOX
Fox, n.; pl. Foxes. Etym: [AS. fox; akin to D. vos, G. fuchs, OHG.
fuhs, foha, Goth. faúh, Icel. f fox, fox fraud; of unknown origin,
cf. Skr. puccha tail. Cf. Vixen.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carnivorous animal of the genus Vulpes, family Canidæ, of
many species. The European fox (V. vulgaris or V. vulpes), the
American red fox (V. fulvus), the American gray fox (V. Virginianus),
and the arctic, white, or blue, fox (V. lagopus) are well-known
species.

Note: The black or silver-gray fox is a variety of the American red
fox, producing a fur of great value; the cross-gray and woods-gray
foxes are other varieties of the same species, of less value. The
common foxes of Europe and America are very similar; both are
celebrated for their craftiness. They feed on wild birds, poultry,
and various small animals.
Subtle as the fox for prey. Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European dragonet.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fox shark or thrasher shark; -- called also sea fox. See
Thrasher shark, under Shark.

4. A sly, cunning fellow. [Colloq.]
We call a crafty and cruel man a fox. Beattie.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: Rope yarn twisted together, and rubbed with tar; -- used for
seizings or mats.

6. A sword; -- so called from the stamp of a fox on the blade, or
perhaps of a wolf taken for a fox. [Obs.]
Thou diest on point of fox. Shak.

7. pl. (Enthnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians which, with the Sacs, formerly occupied the
region about Green Bay, Wisconsin; -- called also Outagamies. Fox and
geese. (a) A boy's game, in which one boy tries to catch others as
they run one goal to another. (b) A game with sixteen checkers, or
some substitute for them, one of which is called the fox, and the
rest the geese; the fox, whose first position is in the middle of the
board, endeavors to break through the line of the geese, and the
geese to pen up the fox.
 -- Fox bat (Zoöl.), a large fruit bat of the genus Pteropus, of many
species, inhabiting Asia, Africa, and the East Indies, esp. P. medius
of India. Some of the species are more than four feet across the
outspread wings. See Fruit bat.
 -- Fox bolt, a bolt having a split end to receive a fox wedge.
 -- Fox brush (Zoöl.), the tail of a fox.
 -- Fox evil, a disease in which the hair falls off; alopecy.
 -- Fox grape (Bot.), the name of two species of American grapes. The
northern fox grape (Vitis Labrusca) is the origin of the varieties
called Isabella, Concord, Hartford, etc., and the southern fox grape
(Vitis vulpina) has produced the Scuppernong, and probably the
Catawba.
 -- Fox hunter. (a) One who pursues foxes with hounds. (b) A horse
ridden in a fox chase.
 -- Fox shark (Zoöl.), the thrasher shark. See Thrasher shark, under
Thrasher.
 -- Fox sleep, pretended sleep.
 -- Fox sparrow (Zoöl.), a large American sparrow (Passerella
iliaca); -- so called on account of its reddish color.
 -- Fox squirrel (Zoöl.), a large North American squirrel (Sciurus
niger, or S. cinereus). In the Southern States the black variety
prevails; farther north the fulvous and gray variety, called the cat
squirrel, is more common.
 -- Fox terrier (Zoöl.), one of a peculiar breed of terriers, used in
hunting to drive foxes from their holes, and for other purposes.
There are rough- and smooth-haired varieties.
 -- Fox trot, a pace like that which is adopted for a few steps, by a
horse, when passing from a walk into a trot, or a trot into a walk.
 -- Fox wedge (Mach. & Carpentry), a wedge for expanding the split
end of a bolt, cotter, dowel, tenon, or other piece, to fasten the
end in a hole or mortise and prevent withdrawal. The wedge abuts on
the bottom of the hole and the piece is driven down upon it.
Fastening by fox wedges is called foxtail wedging.
 -- Fox wolf (Zoöl.), one of several South American wild dogs,
belonging to the genus Canis. They have long, bushy tails like a fox.

FOX
Fox, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foxed; p. pr. & vb. n. Foxing.] Etym: [See
Fox, n., cf. Icel. fox imposture.]

1. To intoxicate; to stupefy with drink.
I drank . . . so much wine that I was almost foxed. Pepys.

2. To make sour, as beer, by causing it to ferment.

3. To repair the feet of, as of boots, with new front upper leather,
or to piece the upper fronts of.

FOX
Fox, v. i.

Defn: To turn sour; -- said of beer, etc., when it sours in
fermenting.

FOXEARTH
Fox"earth`, n.

Defn: A hole in the earth to which a fox resorts to hide himself.

FRACAS
Fra"cas (; F. , n. Etym: [F., crash, din, tumult, It. fracasso, fr.
fracassare to break in pieces, perh. fr. fra within, among (L. infra)
+ cassare to annul, cashier. Cf. Cashier, v. t.]

Defn: An uproar; a noisy quarrel; a disturbance; a brawl.

FOXED
Foxed, a.

1. Discolored or stained; -- said of timber, and also of the paper of
books or engravings.

2. Repaired by foxing; as, foxed boots.

FOXERY
Fox"e*ry, n.

Defn: Behavior like that of a fox; [Obs.] Chaucer.

FOXES
Fox"es, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: See Fox, n., 7.

FOXFISH
Fox"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The fox shark; -- called also sea fox. See Thrasher shark, under
Shark.
(b) The european dragonet. See Dragonet.

FOXGLOVE
Fox"glove`, n. Etym: [AS. foxes-gl, foxes-clife.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Digitalis. The common English foxglove
(Digitalis purpurea) is a handsome perennial or biennial plant, whose
leaves are used as a powerful medicine, both as a sedative and
diuretic. See Digitalis.
Pan through the pastures oftentimes hath run To pluck the speckled
foxgloves from their stem. W. Browne.

FOXHOUND
Fox"hound`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a special breed of hounds used for chasing foxes.

FOX-HUNTING
Fox"-hunt`ing, a.

Defn: Pertaining to or engaged in the hunting of foxes; fond of
hunting foxes.

FOXINESS
Fox"i*ness, n.

1. The state or quality of being foxy, or foxlike; craftiness;
shrewdness.

2. The state of being foxed or discolored, as books; decay;
deterioration.

3. A coarse and sour taste in grapes.

FOXISH
Fox"ish, a.

Defn: Foxlike. [Obs.]

FOXLIKE
Fox"like`, a.

Defn: Resembling a fox in his characteristic qualities; cunning;
artful; foxy.

FOXLY
Fox"ly, a.

Defn: Foxlike. [Obs.] "Foxly craft." Latimer.

FOXSHIP
Fox"ship, n.

Defn: Foxiness; craftiness. [R.] Shak.

FOXTAIL
Fox"tail`, n.

1. The tail or brush of a fox.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several kinds of grass having a soft dense head of
flowers, mostly the species of Alopecurus and Setaria.

3. (Metal.)

Defn: The last cinders obtained in the fining process. Raymond.
Foxtail saw, a dovetail saw.
 -- Foxtail wedging. See Fox wedge, under Fox.

FOXY
Fox"y, a.

1. Like or pertaining to the fox; foxlike in disposition or looks;
wily.
Modred's narrow, foxy face. Tennyson.

2. Having the color of a fox; of a yellowish or reddish brown color;
-- applied sometimes to paintings when they have too much of this
color.

3. Having the odor of a fox; rank; strong smeelling.

4. Sour; unpleasant in taste; -- said of wine, beer, etc., not
properly fermented; -- also of grapes which have the coarse flavor of
the fox grape.

FOY
Foy, n. Etym: [F. foi, old spelling foy, faith. See Faith.]

1. Faith; allegiance; fealty. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. A feast given by one about to leave a place. [Obs.]
He did at the Dog give me, and some other friends of his, his foy, he
being to set sail to-day. Pepys.

FOYER
Foy`er", n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. focarium fireplace. See Focus, n.]

1. A lobby in a theater; a greenroom.

2. The crucible or basin in a furnace which receives the molten
metal. Knight.

FOYSON
Foy"son, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Foison.

FOZINESS
Fo"zi*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being fozy; spiritlessness; dullness. [Scot.]
[The Whigs'] foziness can no longer be concealed. Blackwood's.

FOZY
Fo"zy, a.

Defn: Spongy; soft; fat and puffy. [Scot.]

FRA
Fra, adv. & prep. Etym: [OE.]

Defn: Fro. [Old Eng. & Scot.]

FRA
Fra, n. Etym: [It., for frate. See Friar.]

Defn: Brother; -- a title of a monk of friar; as, Fra Angelo.
Longfellow.

FRAB
Frab, v. i. & t.

Defn: To scold; to nag. [Prov. Eng.]

FRABBIT
Frab"bit, a.

Defn: Crabbed; peevish. [Prov. Eng.]

FRACHO
Fracho, n.

Defn: A shallow iron pan to hold glass ware while being annealed.

FRACID
Frac"id, a. Etym: [L. fracidus mellow, soft.]

Defn: Rotten from being too ripe; overripe. [Obs.] Blount.

FRACT
Fract, v. t. Etym: [L. fractus, p.p. of frangere to break.]

Defn: To break; to violate. [Obs.] Shak.

FRACTED
Frac"ted, a. (Her.)

Defn: Having a part displaced, as if broken; -- said of an ordinary.
Macaulay.

FRACTION
Frac"tion, n. Etym: [F. fraction, L. fractio a breaking, fr.
frangere, fractum, to break. See Break.]

1. The act of breaking, or state of being broken, especially by
violence. [Obs.]
Neither can the natural body of Christ be subject to any fraction or
breaking up. Foxe.

2. A portion; a fragment.
Some niggard fractions of an hour. Tennyson.

3. (Arith. or Alg.)

Defn: One or more aliquot parts of a unit or whole number; an
expression for a definite portion of a unit or magnitude. Common, or
Vulgar, fraction, a fraction in which the number of equal parts into
which the integer is supposed to be divided is indicated by figures
or letters, called the denominator, written below a line, over which
is the numerator, indicating the number of these parts included in
the fraction; as -- Complex fraction, a fraction having a fraction or
mixed number in the numerator or denominator, or in both. Davies &
Peck.
 -- Compound fraction, a fraction of a fraction; two or more
fractions connected by of.
 -- Continued fraction, Decimal fraction, Partial fraction, etc. See
under Continued, Decimal, Partial, etc.
 -- Improper fraction, a fraction in which the numerator is greater
than the denominator.
 -- Proper fraction, a fraction in which the numerator is less than
the denominator.

FRACTION
Frac"tion, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To separate by means of, or to subject to, fractional
distillation or crystallization; to fractionate; -- frequently used
with out; as, to fraction out a certain grade of oil from pretroleum.

FRACTIONAL
Frac"tion*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to fractions or a fraction; constituting a
fraction; as, fractional numbers.

2. Relatively small; inconsiderable; insignificant; as, a fractional
part of the population. Fractional crystallization (Chem.), a process
of gradual and approximate purification and separation, by means of
repeated solution and crystallization therefrom.
 -- Fractional currency, small coin, or paper notes, in circulation,
of less value than the monetary unit.
 -- Fractional distillation (Chem.), a process of distillation so
conducted that a mixture of liquids, differing considerably from each
other in their boiling points, can be separated into its
constituents.

FRACTIONALLY
Frac"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By fractions or separate portions; as, to distill a liquid
fractionally, that is, so as to separate different portions.

FRACTIONARY
Frac"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Fractional. [Obs.]

FRACTIONATE
Frac"tion*ate, v. t.

Defn: To separate into different portions or fractions, as in the
distillation of liquids.

FRACTIOUS
Frac"tious, a. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. frack forward, eager, E. freak,
fridge; or Prov. E. fratch to squabble, quarrel.]

Defn: Apt to break out into a passion; apt to scold; cross; snappish;
ugly; unruly; as, a fractious man; a fractious horse.

Syn.
 -- Snappish; peevish; waspish; cross; irritable; perverse; pettish.
 -- Frac"tious*ly, v.
 -- Frac"tious*ness, n.

FRACTURAL
Frac"tur*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or consequent on, a fracture. [R.]

FRACTURE
Frac"ture, n. Etym: [L. fractura, fr. frangere, fractum, to break:
cf. F. fracture. See Fraction.]

1. The act of breaking or snapping asunder; rupture; breach.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: The breaking of a bone.

3. (Min.)

Defn: The texture of a freshly broken surface; as, a compact
fracture; an even, hackly, or conchoidal fracture. Comminuted
fracture (Surg.), a fracture in which the bone is broken into several
parts.
 -- Complicated fracture (Surg.), a fracture of the bone combined
with the lesion of some artery, nervous trunk, or joint.
 -- Compound fracture (Surg.), a fracture in which there is an open
wound from the surface down to the fracture.
 -- Simple fracture (Surg.), a fracture in which the bone only is
ruptured. It does not communicate with the surface by an open wound.

Syn.
 -- Fracture, Rupture. These words denote different kinds of
breaking, according to the objects to which they are applied.
Fracture is applied to hard substances; as, the fracture of a bone.
Rupture is oftener applied to soft substances; as, the rupture of a
blood vessel. It is also used figuratively. "To be an enemy and once
to have been a friend, does it not embitter the rupture" South.

FRACTURE
Frac"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fractured (#; 135); p. pr. & vb. n..
Fracturing.] Etym: [Cf. F. fracturer.]

Defn: To cause a fracture or fractures in; to break; to burst
asunder; to crack; to separate the continuous parts of; as, to
fracture a bone; to fracture the skull.

FRAENULUM
Fræn"u*lum, n.; pl. Frænula. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. fraenum a
bridle.] (Anat.)

Defn: A frænum.

FRAENUM; FRENUM
Fræ"num, or; Fre"num, n.; pl. E. Frænums, L. Fræna. Etym: [L., a
bridle.] (Anat.)

Defn: A connecting fold of membrane serving to support or restrain
any part; as, the frænum of the tongue.

FRAGILE
Frag"ile, a. Etym: [L. fragilis, from frangere to break; cf. F.
fragile. See Break, v. t., and cf. Frail, a.]

Defn: Easily broken; brittle; frail; delicate; easily destroyed.
The state of ivy is tough, and not fragile. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Brittle; infirm; weak; frail; frangible; slight.
 -- Frag"ile*ly, adv.

FRAGILITY
Fra*gil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. fragilitas: cf. F. fragilité. Cf.
Frailty.]

1. The condition or quality of being fragile; brittleness;
frangibility. Bacon.

2. Weakness; feebleness.
An appearance of delicacy, and even of fragility, is almost essential
to it [beauty]. Burke.

3. Liability to error and sin; frailty. [Obs.]
The fragility and youthful folly of Qu. Fabius. Holland.

FRAGMENT
Frag"ment, n. Etym: [L. fragmentum, fr. frangere to break: cf. F.
fragment. See Break, v. t.]

Defn: A part broken off; a small, detached portion; an imperfect
part; as, a fragment of an ancient writing.
Gather up the fragments that remain. John vi. 12.

FRAGMENTAL
Frag*men"tal, a.

1. Fragmentary.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Consisting of the pulverized or fragmentary material of rock,
as conglomerate, shale, etc.

FRAGMENTAL
Frag*men"tal, n. (Geol.)

Defn: A fragmentary rock.

FRAGMENTARILY
Frag"men*ta*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a fragmentary manner; piecemeal.

FRAGMENTARINESS
Frag"men*ta*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or property of being in fragnebts, or broken
pieces, incompleteness; want of continuity. G. Eliot.

FRAGMENTARY
Frag"men*ta*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fragmentaire.]

1. Composed of fragments, or broken pieces; disconnected; not
complete or entire. Donne.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Composed of the fragments of other rocks.

FRAGMENTED
Frag"ment*ed, a.

Defn: Broken into fragments.

FRAGMENTIST
Frag"ment*ist, n.

Defn: A writer of fragments; as, the fragmentist of Wolfenbüttel.
[R.]

FRAGOR
Fra"gor (, n. Etym: [L., a breaking to pieces, fr. frangere to
break.]

1. A loud and sudden sound; the report of anything bursting; a crash.
I. Watts.

2.

Note: [Due to confusion with fragrant.]

Defn: A strong or sweet scent. [Obs. & Illegitimate.] Sir T. Herbert.

FRAGRANCE; FRAGRANCY
Fra"grance, Fra"gran*cy, n. Etym: [L. fragrantia: cf. OF. fragrance.]

Defn: The quality of being fragrant; sweetness of smell; a sweet
smell; a pleasing odor; perfume.
Eve separate he spies, Veiled in a cloud of fragrance. Milton.
The goblet crowned, Breathed aromatic fragrancies around. Pope.

FRAGRANT
Fra"grant, a.

Defn: [fragrans. -antis, p.pr. of fragrare to emit a smell of
fragrance: cf. OF. fragrant. Affecting the olfactory nerves
agreeably; sweet of smell; odorous; having or emitting an agreeable
perfume.
Fragrant the fertile earth After soft showers. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Sweet-smelling; odorous; odoriferous; swetacented; redolent;
ambrosial; balmy; spicy; aromatic.
 -- Fra"grant*ly, adv.

FRAIGHT
Fraight, a.

Defn: Same as Fraught. [Obs.] Spenser.

FRAIL
Frail, n. Etym: [OE. fraiel, fraile, OF. fraiel, freel, frael, fr.
LL. fraellum.]

Defn: A basket made of rushes, used chiefly for containing figs and
raisins.

2. The quantity of raisins -- about thirty-two, fifty-six, or
seventy-five pounds, -- contained in a frail.

3. A rush for weaving baskets. Johnson.

FRAIL
Frail, a. [Compar. Frailer; superl. Frailest.] Etym: [OE. frele,
freile, OF. fraile, frele, F. frêle, fr. L. fragilis. See Fragile.]

1. Easily broken; fragile; not firm or durable; liable to fail and
perish; easily destroyed; not tenacious of life; weak; infirm.
That I may know how frail I am. Ps. xxxix. 4.
An old bent man, worn and frail. Lowell.

2. Tender. [Obs.]
Deep indignation and compassion. Spenser.

3. Liable to fall from virtue or be led into sin; not strong against
temptation; weak in resolution; also, unchaste; -- often applied to
fallen women.
Man is frail, and prone to evil. Jer. Taylor.

FRAILLY
Frail"ly, adv.

Defn: Weakly; infirmly.

FRAILNESS
Frail"ness, n.

Defn: Frailty.

FRAILTY
Frail"ty, n.; pl. Frailties. Etym: [OE. frelete, freilte, OF.
fraileté, fr. L. fragilitas. See Frail, a., and cf. Fragility.]

1. The condition quality of being frail, physically, mentally, or
morally, frailness; infirmity; weakness of resolution; liableness to
be deceived or seduced.
God knows our frailty, [and] pities our weakness. Locke.

2. A fault proceeding from weakness; foible; sin of infirmity.

Syn.
 -- Frailness; fragility; imperfection; failing.

FRAISCHEUR
Frai"scheur, n. Etym: [OF.; F fraicheur, fr. frais, fem. fra, fresh;
of German origin. See Frash, a.]

Defn: Freshness; coolness. [R.] Dryden.

FRAISE
Fraise, n. Etym: [See Froise.]

Defn: A large and thick pancake, with slices of bacon in it. [Obs.]
Johnson.

FRAISE
Fraise, n. Etym: [F. fraise, orig., a ruff, cf. F. frise frieze, E.
frieze a coarse stuff.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A defense consisting of pointed stakes driven into the ramparts
in a horizontal or inclined position.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A fluted reamer for enlarging holes in stone; a small milling
cutter.

FRAISE
Fraise, v. t. (Mil.)

Defn: To protect, as a line of troops, against an onset of cavalry,
by opposing bayonets raised obliquely forward. Wilhelm.

FRAISED
Fraised, a.

Defn: Fortified with a fraise.

FRAKEN
Frak"en, n.

Defn: A freckle. [Obs.]
A few fraknes in his face. Chaucer.

FRAMABLE
Fram"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being framed.

FRAMBAESIA
Fram*bæ"si*a, n. Etym: [F. & NL., fr. F. framboise raspberry.] (Med.)

Defn: The yaws. See Yaws.

FRAME
Frame, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Framed; p. pr. & vb. n. Framing.] Etym:
[OE. framen, fremen, to execute, build, AS. fremman to further,
perform, effect, fr. fram strong, valiant; akin to E. foremost, and
prob. to AS. fram from, Icel. fremja, frama, to further, framr
forward, G. fromm worthy, excellent, pious. See Foremost, From, and
cf. Furnish.]

1. (Arch. & Engin.)

Defn: To construct by fitting and uniting the several parts of the
skeleton of any structure; specifically, in woodwork, to put together
by cutting parts of one member to fit parts of another. See Dovetail,
Halve, v. t., Miter, Tenon, Tooth, Tusk, Scarf, and Splice.

2. To originate; to plan; to devise; to contrive; to compose; in a
bad sense, to invent or fabricate, as something false.
How many excellent reasonings are framed in the mind of a man of
wisdom and study in a length of years. I. Watts.

3. To fit to something else, or for some specific end; to adjust; to
regulate; to shape; to conform.
And frame my face to all occasions. Shak.
We may in some measure frame our minds for the reception of
happiness. Landor.
The human mind is framed to be influenced. I. Taylor.

4. To cause; to bring about; to produce. [Obs.]
Fear frames disorder, and disorder wounds. Shak.

5. To support. [Obs. & R.]
That on a staff his feeble steps did frame. Spenser.

6. To provide with a frame, as a picture.

FRAME
Frame, v. i.

1. To shape; to arrange, as the organs of speech. [Obs.] Judg. xii.
6.

2. To proceed; to go. [Obs.]
The bauty of this sinful dame Made many princes thither frame. Shak.

FRAME
Frame, n.

1. Anything composed of parts fitted and united together; a fabric; a
structure; esp., the constructional system, whether of timber or
metal, that gives to a building, vessel, etc., its model and
strength; the skeleton of a structure.
These are thy glorius works, Parent of good, Almighty! thine this
universal frame. Milton.

2. The bodily structure; physical constitution; make or build of a
person.
Some bloody passion shakes your very frame. Shak.
No frames could be strong enough to endure it. Prescott.

3. A kind of open case or structure made for admitting, inclosing, or
supporting things, as that which incloses or contains a window, door,
picture, etc.; that on which anything is held or stretched; as:
(a) The skeleton structure which supports the boiler and machinery of
a locomotive upon its wheels.
(b) (Founding) A molding box or flask, which being filled with sand
serves as a mold for castings.
(c) The ribs and stretchers of an umbrella or other structure with a
fabric covering.
(d) A structure of four bars, adjustable in size, on which cloth,
etc., is stretched for quilting, embroidery, etc.
(e) (Hort.) A glazed portable structure for protecting young plants
from frost.
(f) (Print.) A stand to support the type cases for use by the
compositor.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: A term applied, especially in England, to certain machines
built upon or within framework; as, a stocking frame; lace frame;
spinning frame, etc.

5. Form; shape; proportion; scheme; structure; constitution; system;
as, a frameof government.
She that hath a heart of that fine frame To pay this debt of love but
to a brother. Shak.
Put your discourse into some frame. Shak.

6. Particular state or disposition, as of the mind; humor; temper;
mood; as, to be always in a happy frame.

7. Contrivance; the act of devising or scheming. [Obs.]
John the bastard Whose spirits toil in frame of villainies. Shak.
Balloon frame, Cant frames, etc. See under Balloon, Cant, etc.
 -- Frame building or house, a building of which the form and support
is made of framed timbers. [U.S.] -- Frame level, a mason's level.
 -- Frame saw, a thin saw stretched in a frame to give it rigidity.

FRAMER
Fram"er, n.

Defn: One who frames; as, the framer of a building; the framers of
the Constitution.

FRAME-UP
Frame"-up`, n.

Defn: A conspiracy or plot, esp. for a malicious or evil purpose, as
to incriminate a person on false evidence. [Slang]

FRAMEWORK
Frame"work`, n.

1. The work of framing, or the completed work; the frame or
constructional part of anything; as, the framework of society.
A staunch and solid piece of framework. Milton.

2. Work done in, or by means of, a frame or loom.

FRAMING
Fram"ing, n.

1. The act, process, or style of putting together a frame, or of
constructing anything; a frame; that which frames.

2. (Arch. & Engin.)

Defn: A framework, or a sy Framing chisel (Carp.), a heavy chisel
with a socket shank for making mortises.

FRAMPEL; FRAMPOID
Fram"pel, Fram"poid, a. Etym: [Also written frampul, frampled,
framfold.] Etym: [Cf. W. fframfol passionate, ffrom angry, fretting;
or perh. akin to E. frump.]

Defn: Peevish; cross; vexatious; quarrelsome. [Obs.] Shak.
Is Pompey grown so malapert, so frampel Beau. & Fl.

FRANC
Franc, n. Etym: [F., fr. franc a Franc. See Frank, a.]

Defn: A silver coin of France, and since 1795 the unit of the French
monetary system. It has been adopted by Belgium and Swizerland. It is
equivalent to about nineteen cents, or ten pence, and is divided into
100 centimes.

FRANCHISE
Fran"chise ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [F., fr. franc, fem. franche, free.
See Frank, a.]

1. Exemption from constraint or oppression; freedom; liberty. [Obs.]
Spenser.

2. (LAw)

Defn: A particular privilege conferred by grant from a sovereign or a
government, and vested in individuals; an imunity or exemption from
ordinary jurisdiction; a constitutional or statutory right or
privilege, esp. the right to vote.
Election by universal suffrage, as modified by the Constitution, is
the one crowning franchise of the American people. W. H. Seward.

3. The district or jurisdiction to which a particular privilege
extends; the limits of an immunity; hence, an asylum or sanctuary.
Churches and mobasteries in Spain are franchises for criminals.
London Encyc.

4. Magnanimity; generosity; liberality; frankness; nobility.
"Franchise in woman." [Obs.] Chaucer. Elective franchise, the
privilege or right of voting in an election of public officers.

FRANCHISE
Fran"chise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Franchised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Franchising.] Etym: [Cf. OF. franchir to free, F., to cross.]

Defn: To make free; to enfranchise; to give liberty to. Shak.

FRANCHISEMENT
Fran"chise*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. franchissement.]

Defn: Release; deliverance; freedom. Spenser.

FRANCIC
Fran"cic, a. Etym: [See Frank, a.]

Defn: Pertaining to the Franks, or their language; Frankish.

FRANCISCAN
Fran*cis"can, a. Etym: [LL. Franciscus Francis: cf. F. franciscain.]
(R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Belonging to the Order of St. Francis of the Franciscans.
Franciscan Brothers, pious laymen who devote themselves to useful
works, such as manual labor schools, and other educational
institutions; -- called also Brothers of the Third Order of St.
Francis.
 -- Franciscan Nuns, nuns who follow the rule of t. Francis, esp.
those of the Second Order of St. Francis, -- called also Poor Clares
or Minoresses.
 -- Franciscan Tertiaries, the Third Order of St. Francis.

FRANCISCAN
Fran*cis"can, n. (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: A monk or friar of the Order of St. Francis, a large and
zealous order of mendicant monks founded in 1209 by St. Francis of
Assisi. They are called also Friars Minor; and in England, Gray
Friars, because they wear a gray habit.

FRANCOLIN
Fran"co*lin, n. Etym: [F.; cf. It. francolino, Sp. francolin.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A spurred partidge of the genus Francolinus and allied genera,
of Asia and Africa. The common species (F. vulgaris) was formerly
common in southern Europe, but is now nearly restricted to Asia.

FRANCOLITE
Fran"co*lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of apatite from Wheal Franco in Devonshire.

FRANC-TIREUR
Franc"-ti`reur", n. [F., fr. franc free + tireur shooter, fr. tirer
to shoot.] (Mil.)

Defn: A French partisan soldier, or one belonging to a corps of
detached light troops engaged in forays, skirmishes, scouting, etc.

FRANGENT
Fran"gent, a. Etym: [L. frangens, p.pr. of frangere. See Fraction.]

Defn: Causing fracture; breaking. [R.] H. Walpole.

FRANGIBILITY
Fran`gi*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. frangibilité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being frangible. Fox.

FRANGIBLE
Fran"gi*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. frangible.]

Defn: Capable of being broken; brittle; fragile; easily broken.

FRANGIPANE
Fran"gi*pane, n. Etym: [F. frangipane; supposed to be called so from
the inventor, the Marquis Frangipani, major general under Louis XIV.]

1. A perfume of jasmine; frangipani.

2. A species of pastry, containing cream and almonds.

FRANGIPANI; FRANGIPANNI
Fran`gi*pan"i, Fran`gi*pan"ni, n. Etym: [Another spelling of
frangipane.]

Defn: A perfume derived from, or imitating the odor of, the flower of
the red jasmine, a West Indian tree of the genus Plumeria.

FRANGULIC; FRANGULINIC
Fran*gu"lic, Fran`gu*lin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or drived from, frangulin, or a species (Rhamnus
Frangula) of the buckthorn. Frangulinic acid (Chem.), a yellow
crystalline substance, resembling alizarin, and obtained by the
decomposition of frangulin.

FRANGULIN
Fran"gu*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline dyestuff, regarded as a glucoside,
extracted from a species (Rhamnus Frangula) of the buckthorn; --
called also rhamnoxanthin.

FRANION
Fran"ion, n. Etym: [Perh. from F. fainéant an idler.]

Defn: A paramour; a loose woman; also, a gay, idle fellow. [Obs.]
Spenser.

FRANK
Frank, n. Etym: [OF. franc.]

Defn: A pigsty. [Obs.]

FRANK
Frank, v. t.

Defn: To shut up in a frank or sty; to pen up; hence, to cram; to
fatten. [Obs.] Shak.

FRANK
Frank, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common heron; -- so called from its note. [Prov. Eng.]

FRANK
Frank, a. [Compar Franker; superl. Frankest.] Etym: [F. franc free,
frank, L. Francus a Frank, fr. OHG. Franko the name of a Germanic
people on the Rhine, who afterward founded the French monarchy; cf.
AS. franca javelin, Icel. frakka. Cf. Franc, French, a., Franchise,
n.]

1. Unbounded by restrictions, limitations, etc.; free. [R.] "It is of
frank gift." Spenser.

2. Free in uttering one's real sentiments; not reserved; using no
disguise; candid; ingenuous; as, a frank nature, conversation,
manner, etc.

3. Liberal; generous; profuse. [Obs.]
Frank of civilities that cost them nothing. L'Estrange.

4. Unrestrained; loose; licentious; -- used in a bad sense. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- Ingenuous; candid; artless; plain; open; unreserved; undisguised;
sincere. See Candid, Ingenuous.

FRANK
Frank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Franked; p. pr. & vb. n. Franking.]

1. To send by public conveyance free of expense. Dickens.

2. To extempt from charge for postage, as a letter, package, or
packet, etc.

FRANK
Frank, n. Etym: [See Frank, a.]

Defn: The privilege of sending letters or other mail matter, free of
postage, or without charge; also, the sign, mark, or signature
denoting that a letter or other mail matter is to free of postage.
I have said so much, that, if I had not a frank, I must burn my
letter and begin again. Cowper.

FRANK
Frank, n. Etym: [Cf. F. franc. See Frank, a.]

1. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A member of one of the German tribes that in the fifth century
overran and conquered Gaul, and established the kingdom of France.

2. A native or inhabitant of Western Europe; a European; -- a term
used in the Levant.

3. A French coin. See Franc.

FRANKALMOIGNE
Frank`al*moigne", n. Etym: [F. franc free + Norm. F. almoigne alma,
for almosne, F. aumône. See Frank, a., and Almoner.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: A tenure by which a religious corporation holds lands given to
them and their successors forever, usually on condition of praying
for the soul of the donor and his heirs; -- called also tenure by
free alms. Burrill.

FRANK-CHASE
Frank"-chase`, n. Etym: [Frank free + chase.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: The liberty or franchise of having a chase; free chase.
Burrill.

FRANK-FEE
Frank"-fee`, n. Etym: [Frank free + fee.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: A species of tenure in fee simple, being the opposite of
ancient demesne, or copyhold. Burrill.

FRANKFORT BLACK
Frank"fort black`

Defn: . A black pigment used in copperplate printing, prepared by
burning vine twigs, the lees of wine, etc. McElrath.

FRANKINCENSE
Frank"in*cense, n. Etym: [OF. franc free, pure + encens incense.]

Defn: A fragrant, aromatic resin, or gum resin, burned as an incense
in religious rites or for medicinal fumigation. The best kinds now
come from East Indian trees, of the genus Boswellia; a commoner sort,
from the Norway spruce (Abies excelsa) and other coniferous trees.
The frankincense of the ancient Jews is still unidentified.

FRANKING
Frank"ing, n. (Carp.)

Defn: A method of forming a joint at the intersection of window-sash
bars, by cutting away only enough wood to show a miter.

FRANKISH
Frank"ish, a.

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the Franks.

FRANK-LAW
Frank"-law`, n. Etym: [Frank free + law.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: The liberty of being sworn in courts, as a juror or witness;
one of the ancient privileges of a freeman; free and common law; --
an obsolete expression signifying substantially the same as the
American expression civil rights. Abbot.

FRANKLIN
Frank"lin, n. Etym: [OE. frankelein; cf. LL. franchilanus. See Frank,
a.]

Defn: An English freeholder, or substantial householder. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
The franklin, a small landholder of those days. Sir J. Stephen.

FRANKLINIC
Frank*lin"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Benjamin Franklin. Franklinic electricity,
electricity produced by friction; called also statical electricity.

FRANKLINITE
Frank"lin*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A kind of mineral of the spinel group.

FRANKLIN STOVE
Frank"lin stove`

Defn: . A kind of open stove introduced by Benjamin Franklin, the
peculiar feature of which was that a current of heated air was
directly supplied to the room from an air box; -- now applied to
other varieties of open stoves.

FRANKLY
Frank"ly, adv.

Defn: In a frank manner; freely.
Very frankly he confessed his treasons. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Openly; ingenuously; plainly; unreservedly; undisguisedly;
sincerely; candidly; artlessly; freely; readily; unhesitatingly;
liberally; willingly.

FRANK-MARRIAGE
Frank"-mar"riage, n. Etym: [Frank free + marriage.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: A certain tenure in tail special; an estate of inheritance
given to a man his wife (the wife being of the blood of the donor),
and descendible to the heirs of their two bodies begotten. [Obs.]
Blackstone.

FRANKNESS
Frank"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being frank; candor; openess; ingenuousness;
fairness; liberality.

FRANKPLEDGE
Frank"pledge`, n. Etym: [Frank free + pledge.] (O. Eng. Law)
(a) A pledge or surety for the good behavior of freemen, -- each
freeman who was a member of an ancient decennary, tithing, or
friborg, in England, being a pledge for the good conduct of the
others, for the preservation of the public peace; a free surety.
(b) The tithing itself. Bouvier.
The servants of the crown were not, as now, bound in frankpledge for
each other. Macaulay.

FRANTIC
Fran"tic, a. Etym: [OE. frentik, frenetik, F. frentique, L.
phreneticus, from Gr. Frenzy, and cf. Frenetic, Phrenetic.]

Defn: Mad; raving; furious; violent; wild and disorderly; distracted.
Die, frantic wretch, for this accursed deed! Shak.
Torrents of frantic abuse. Macaulay.
-- Fran"tic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Fran"tic*ly, adv. Shak.
 -- Fran"tic*ness, n. Johnson.

FRAP
Frap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Frapping.] Etym:
[Cf. F. frapper to strike, to seize ropes. Cf. Affrap.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: To draw together; to bind with a view to secure and strengthen,
as a vessel by passing cables around it; to tighten; as a tackle by
drawing the lines together. Tottem.

2. To brace by drawing together, as the cords of a drum. Knoght.

FRAPE
Frape, n. Etym: [Cf. frap, and Prov. E. frape to scold.]

Defn: A crowd, a rabble. [Obs.] ares.

FRAPLER
Frap"ler, n.

Defn: A blusterer; a rowdy. [Obs.]
Unpolished, a frapler, and base. B. Jonson.

FRAPPE
Frap`pé" (fra`pa"), a. [F., p.p. of frapper to strike, to chill.]

Defn: Iced; frozen; artificially cooled; as, wine frappé. -- n.

Defn: A frappé mixture or beverage, as a water ice, variously
flavored, frozen soft, and served in glasses.

FRAPPING
Frap"ping, n. [From Frap.] (Naut.)

Defn: A lashing binding a thing tightly or binding things together.

FRATER
Fra"ter, n. Etym: [L., a brother.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A monk; also, a frater house. [R.] Shipley. Frater house, an
apartament in a convent used as an eating room; a refectory; --
called also a fratery.

FRATERNAL
Fra*ter"nal, a.Etym: [F. fraternel, LL. fraternalis, fr. L.
fraternus, fr. frater brother. See Brother.]

Defn: Pf, pertaining to, or involving, brethren; becoming to
brothers; brotherly; as, fraternal affection; a fraternal embrace.
 -- Fra*ter"nal*ly, adv.
An abhorred, a cursed, a fraternal war. Milton.
Fraternal love and friendship. Addison.

FRATERNATE
Fra*ter"nate, v. i.

Defn: To fraternize; to hold fellowship. Jefferson.

FRATERNATION; FRATERNISM
Fra`ter*na"tion, Fra"ter*nism, n.

Defn: Fraternization. [R.] Jefferson.

FRATERNITY
Fra*ter"ni*ty, n.; pl. Fraternities. Etym: [F. fraternité, L.
fraternitas.]

1. The state or quality of being fraternal or brotherly; brotherhood.

2. A body of men associated for their common interest, business, or
pleasure; a company; a brotherhood; a society; in the Roman Catholic
Chucrch, an association for special religious purposes, for relieving
the sick and destitute, etc.

3. Men of the same class, profession, occupation, character, or
tastes.
With what terms of respect knaves and sots will speak of their own
fraternity! South.

FRATERNIZATION
Fra`ter*ni*za"tion ( or ), n.

Defn: The act of fraternizing or uniting as brothers.
I hope that no French fraternization . . . could so change the hearts
of Englishmen. Burke.

FRATERNIZE
Fra"ter*nize ( or ; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fraternized; p. pr. &
vb. n.. Fraternizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. fraterniser.]

Defn: To associate or hold fellowship as brothers, or as men of like
occupation or character; to have brotherly feelings.

FRATERNIZE
Fra"ter*nize, v. t.

Defn: To bring into fellowship or brotherly sympathy.
Correspondence for fraternizing the two nations. Burke.

FRATERNIZER
Frat"er*ni`zer, n.

Defn: One who fraternizes. Burke.

FRATERY
Fra"ter*y ( or ), n. Etym: [L. frater brother: cf. It. frateria a
brotherhood of monks. See Friar.]

Defn: A frater house. See under Frater.

FRATRAGE
Fra"trage ( or ; 48), n. Etym: [L. frater a brother.] (Law)

Defn: A sharing among brothers, or brothers' kin. [Obs.] Crabb.

FRATRICELLI
Fra`tri*cel"li, n. pl. Etym: [It. fraticelli, lit., little brothers,
dim. fr. frate brother, L. frater.] (Eccl. Hist.)
(a) The name which St. Francis of Assisi gave to his followers, early
in the 13th century.
(b) A sect which seceded from the Franciscan Order, chiefly in Italy
and Sicily, in 1294, repudiating the pope as an apostate, maintaining
the duty of celibacy and poverty, and discountenancing oaths. Called
also Fratricellians and Fraticelli.

FRATRICIDAL
Frat"ri*ci`dal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to fratricide; of the nature of fratricide.

FRATRICIDE
Frat"ri*cide, n. Etym: [L. fratricidium a brother's murder, fr.
fratricida a brother's murderer; frater, fratris, brother + caedere
to kill: cf. F. fratricide.]

1. The act of one who murders or kills his own brother.

2. Etym: [L. fratricida: cf. F. fratricide.]

Defn: One who murders or kills his own brother.

FRAU
Frau, n.; pl. Frauen (#). [G. Cf. 1st Frow.]

Defn: In Germany, a woman; a married woman; a wife; -- as a title,
equivalent to Mrs., Madam.

FRAUD
Fraud, n. Etym: [F. fraude, L. fraus, fraudis; prob. akin to Skr. dh
to injure, dhv to cause to fall, and E. dull.]

1. Deception deliberately practiced with a view to gaining an
unlawful or unfair advantage; artifice by which the right or interest
of another is injured; injurious stratagem; deceit; trick.
If success a lover's toil attends, Few ask, if fraud or force
attained his ends. Pope.

2. (Law)

Defn: An intentional perversion of truth for the purpose of obtaining
some valuable thing or promise from another.

3. A trap or snare. [Obs.]
To draw the proud King Ahab into fraud. Milton.
Constructive fraud (Law), an act, statement, or omission which
operates as a fraud, although perhaps not intended to be such. Mozley
& W.
 -- Pious fraud (Ch. Hist.), a fraud contrived and executed to
benefit the church or accomplish some good end, upon the theory that
the end justified the means.
 -- Statute of frauds (Law), an English statute (1676), the principle
of which is incorporated in the legislation of all the States of this
country, by which writing with specific solemnities (varying in the
several statutes) is required to give efficacy to certain
dispositions of property. Wharton.

Syn.
 -- Deception; deceit; guile; craft; wile; sham; strife;
circumvention; stratagem; trick; imposition; cheat. See Deception.

FRAUDFUL
Fraud"ful, a.

Defn: Full of fraud, deceit, or treachery; trickish; treacherous;
fraudulent; -- applied to persons or things. I. Taylor.
 -- Fraud"ful*ly, adv.

FRAUDLESS
Fraud"less, a.

Defn: Free from fraud.
 -- Fraud"less*ly, adv.
 -- Fraud"less*ness, n.

FRAUDULENCE; FRAUDULENCY
Fraud"u*lence or Fraud"u*len*cy, n. Etym: [L. fraudulentia.]

Defn: The quality of being fraudulent; deliberate deceit;
trickishness. Hooker.

FRAUDULENT
Fraud"u*lent, a. Etym: [L. fraudulentus, fr. fraus, fraudis, frand:
cf. F. fraudulent.]

1. Using fraud; trickly; deceitful; dishonest.

2. Characterized by,, founded on, or proceeding from, fraund; as, a
fraudulent bargain.
He, with serpent tongue, . . . His fraudulent temptation thus began.
Milton.

3. Obtained or performed by artifice; as, fraudulent conquest.
Milton.

Syn.
 -- Deceitful; fraudful; guileful; crafty; wily; cunning; subtle;
deceiving; cheating; deceptive; insidious; treacherous; dishonest;
designing; unfair.

FRAUDULENTLY
Fraud"u*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a fraudulent manner.

FRAUGHT
Fraught, n. Etym: [OE.fraight, fraght; akin to Dan. fragt, Sw. frakt,
D. vracht, G. fracht, cf. OHG. fr merit, reward; perh. from
corresponding to E. for + The root of E. own. Cf. Freight.]

Defn: A freight; a cargo. [Obs.] Shak.

FRAUGHT
Fraught, a.

Defn: Freighted; laden; filled; stored; charged.
A vessel of our country richly fraught. Shak.
A discourse fraught with all the commending excellences oSouth.
Enterprises fraught with world-wide benefits. I. Taylor.

FRAUGHT
Fraught, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fraughted or Fraught; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fraughting.] Etym: [Akin to Dan. fragte, Sw. frakta, D. bevrachten,
G. frachten, cf. OHG. frehton to deserve. See Fraught, n.]

Defn: To freight; to load; to burden; to fill; to crowd. [Obs.]
Upon the tumbling billows fraughted ride The armed ships. Fairfax.

FRAUGHTAGE
Fraught"age (; 48), n.

Defn: Freight; loading; cargo. [Obs.] Shak.

FRAUGHTING
Fraught"ing, a.

Defn: Constituting the freight or cargo. [Obs.] "The fraughting souls
within her." Shak.

FRAULEIN
Fräu"lein, n.sing. & pl. [G., dim. of frau woman. See Frau.]

Defn: In Germany, a young lady; an unmarried woman; -- as a title,
equivalent to Miss.

FRAUNHOFER LINES
Fraun"ho*fer lines`. (Physics.)

Defn: The lines of the spectrun; especially and properly, the dark
lines of the solar spectrum, so called because first accurately
observed and interpreted by Fraunhofer, a German physicist.

FRAXIN
Frax"in, n. Etym: [From Fraxinus.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside, and
found in the bark of the ash (Fraxinus) and along with esculin in the
bark of the horse-chestnut. It shows a delicate fluorescence in
alkaline solutions; -- called also paviin.

FRAXINUS
Frax"i*nus, n. Etym: [L., the ash tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of deciduous forest trees, found in the north temperate
zone, and including the true ash trees.

Note: Fraxinus excelsior is the European ash; F. Americana, the white
ash; F. sambucifolia, the black ash or water ash.

FRAY
Fray, n. Etym: [Abbreviated from affray.]

Defn: Affray; broil; contest; combat.
Who began this bloody fray Shak.

FRAY
Fray, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Fraying.] Etym:
[See 1st Fray, and cf. Affray.]

Defn: To frighten; to terrify; to alarm. I. Taylor.
What frays ye, that were wont to comfort me affrayed Spenser.

FRAY
Fray, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. fraier. See Defray, v. t.]

Defn: To bear the expense of; to defray. [Obs.]
The charge of my most curious and costly ingredients frayed, I shall
acknowledge myself amply satisfied. Massinger.

FRAY
Fray, v. t. Etym: [OF. freier, fraier, froier, to rub. L. fricare;
cf. friare to crumble, E. friable; perh. akin to Gr. gh to rub,
scratch. Cf. Friction.]

Defn: To rub; to wear off, or wear into shreds, by rubbing; to fret,
as cloth; as, a deer is said to fray her head.

FRAY
Fray, v. i.

1. To rub.
We can show the marks he made When 'gainst the oak his antlers
frayed. Sir W. Scott.

2. To wear out or into shreads, or to suffer injury by rubbing, as
when the threads of the warp or of the woof wear off so that the
cross threads are loose; to ravel; as, the cloth frays badly.
A suit of frayed magnificience. tennyson.

FRAY
Fray, n.

Defn: A fret or chafe, as in cloth; a place injured by rubbing.

FRAYING
Fray"ing, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The skin which a deer frays from his horns. B. Jonson.

FRAZZLE
Fraz"zle, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Frazzled; p. pr. & vb. n. Frazzling.]
[Cf. G. faseln, and E. fray.]

Defn: To fray; to wear or pull into tatters or tag ends; to tatter; -
-used literally and figuratively. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.]

Her hair was of a reddish gray color, and its frazzled and tangled
condition suggested that the woman had recently passed through a
period of extreme excitement.
J. C. Harris.

FRAZZLE
Fraz"zle, n.

Defn: The act or result of frazzling; the condition or quality of
being frazzled; the tag end; a frayed-out end. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.]

My fingers are all scratched to frazzles.
Kipling.

Gordon had sent word to Lee that he "had fought his corps to a
frazzle."
Nicolay & Hay (Life of Lincoln).

FREAK
Freak, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freaked; p. pr. & vb. n. Freaking.] Etym:
[Akin to OE. frakin, freken, freckle, Icel. freknur, pl., Sw. fräkne,
Dan. fregne, Gr. prsçni variegated. Cf. Freckle, Freck.]

Defn: To variegate; to checker; to streak. [R.]
Freaked with many a mingled hue. Thomson.

FREAK
Freak, n. Etym: [Prob. from OE. frek bold, AS. frec bold, greedly;
akin to OHG. freh greedly, G. frech insolent, Icel. frekr greedly,
Goth. faíhufriks avaricious.]

Defn: A sudden causeless change or turn of the mind; a whim of fancy;
a capricious prank; a vagary or caprice.
She is restless and peevish, and sometimes in a freak will instantly
change her habitation. Spectator.

Syn.
 -- Whim; caprice; folly; sport. See Whim.

FREAKING
Freak"ing, a.

Defn: Freakish. [Obs.] Pepys.

FREAKISH
Freak"ish, a.

Defn: Apt to change the mind suddenly; whimsical; capricious.
It may be a question whether the wife or the woman was the more
freakish of the two. L'Estrange.
Freakish when well, and fretful when she's sick. Pope.
-- Freak"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Freak"ish*ness, n.

FRECK
Freck, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Freak, v. t., Freckle.]

Defn: To checker; to diversify. [R. & Poet.]
The painted windows, frecking gloom with glow. Lowell.

FRECKLE
Freck"le, n. Etym: [Dim., from the same root as freak, v. t.]

1. A small yellowish or brownish spot in the skin, particularly on
the face, neck, or hands.

2. Any small spot or discoloration.

FRECKLE
Frec"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freckled; p. pr. & vb. n. Freckling.]

Defn: To spinkle or mark with freckle or small discolored spots; to
spot.

FRECKLE
Frec"kle, v. i.

Defn: To become covered or marked with freckles; to be spotted.

FRECKLED
Frec"kled, a.

Defn: Marked with freckles; spotted. "The freckled trout." Dryden.
The freckled cowslip, burnet, and green clover. Shak.

FRECKLEDNESS
Frec"kled*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being freckled.

FRECKLY
Frec"kly, a.

Defn: Full of or marked with freckles; sprinkled with spots;
freckled.

FRED
Fred, n. Etym: [AS. fri peace. See Frith inclosure.]

Defn: Peace; -- a word used in composition, especially in proper
names; as, Alfred; Frederic.

FREDSTOLE
Fred"stole`, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Fridstol. Fuller.

FREE
Free, a. [Compar. Freer; superl. Freest.] Etym: [OE. fre, freo, AS.
freó, fri; akin to D. vrij, OS. & OHG. fri, G. frei, Icel. fri, Sw. &
Dan. fri, Goth. freis, and also to Skr. prija beloved, dear, fr. pri
to love, Goth. frij. Cf. Affray, Belfry, Friday, Friend, Frith
inclosure.]

1. Exempt from subjection to the will of others; not under restraint,
control, or compulsion; able to follow one's own impulses, desires,
or inclinations; determining one's own course of action; not
dependent; at liberty.
That which has the power, or not the power, to operate, is that alone
which is or is not free. Locke.

2. Not under an arbitrary or despotic government; subject only to
fixed laws regularly and fairly administered, and defended by them
from encroachments upon natural or acquired rights; enjoying
political liberty.

3. Liberated, by arriving at a certain age, from the control of
parents, guardian, or master.

4. Not confined or imprisoned; released from arrest; liberated; at
liberty to go.
Set an unhappy prisoner free. Prior.

5. Not subjected to the laws of physical necessity; capable of
voluntary activity; endowed with moral liberty; -- said of the will.
Not free, what proof could they have given sincere Of true
allegiance, constant faith, or love. Milton.

6. Clear of offense or crime; guiltless; innocent.
My hands are guilty, but my heart is free. Dryden.

7. Unconstrained by timidity or distrust; unreserved; ingenuous;
frank; familiar; communicative.
He was free only with a few. Milward.

8. Unrestrained; immoderate; lavish; licentious; -- used in a bad
sense.
The critics have been very free in their censures. Felton.
A man may live a free life as to wine or women. Shelley.

9. Not close or parsimonious; liberal; open-handed; lavish; as, free
with his money.

10. Exempt; clear; released; liberated; not encumbered or troubled
with; as, free from pain; free from a burden; -- followed by from,
or, rarely, by of.
Princes declaring themselves free from the obligations of their
treaties. Bp. Burnet.

11. Characteristic of one acting without restraint; charming; easy.

12. Ready; eager; acting without spurring or whipping; spirited; as,
a free horse.

13. Invested with a particular freedom or franchise; enjoying certain
immunities or privileges; admitted to special rights; -- followed by
of.
He therefore makes all birds, of every sect, Free of his farm.
Dryden.

14. Thrown open, or made accessible, to all; to be enjoyed without
limitations; unrestricted; not obstructed, engrossed, or
appropriated; open; -- said of a thing to be possessed or enjoyed;
as, a free school.
Why, sir, I pray, are not the streets as free For me as for you Shak.

15. Not gained by importunity or purchase; gratuitous; spontaneous;
as, free admission; a free gift.

16. Not arbitrary or despotic; assuring liberty; defending individual
rights against encroachment by any person or class; instituted by a
free people; -- said of a government, institutions, etc.

17. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: Certain or honorable; the opposite of base; as, free service;
free socage. Burrill.

18. (Law)

Defn: Privileged or individual; the opposite of common; as, a free
fishery; a free warren. Burrill.

19. Not united or combined with anything else; separated; dissevered;
unattached; at liberty to escape; as, free carbonic acid gas; free
cells. Free agency, the capacity or power of choosing or acting
freely, or without necessity or constraint upon the will.
 -- Free bench (Eng. Law), a widow's right in the copyhold lands of
her husband, corresponding to dower in freeholds.
 -- Free board (Naut.), a vessel's side between water line and
gunwale.
 -- Free bond (Chem.), an unsaturated or unemployed unit, or bond, of
affinity or valence, of an atom or radical.
 -- Free-borough men (O.Eng. Law). See Friborg.
 -- Free chapel (Eccles.), a chapel not subject to the jurisdiction
of the ordinary, having been founded by the king or by a subject
specially authorized. [Eng.] Bouvier.
 -- Free charge (Elec.), a charge of electricity in the free or
statical condition; free electricity.
 -- Free church. (a) A church whose sittings are for all and without
charge. (b) An ecclesiastical body that left the Church of Scotland,
in 1843, to be free from control by the government in spiritual
matters.
 -- Free city, or Free town, a city or town independent in its
government and franchises, as formerly those of the Hanseatic league.
 -- Free cost, freedom from charges or expenses. South.
 -- Free and easy, unconventional; unrestrained; regardless of
formalities. [Colloq.] "Sal and her free and easy ways." W. Black.
 -- Free goods, goods admitted into a country free of duty.
 -- Free labor, the labor of freemen, as distinguished from that of
slaves.
 -- Free port. (Com.) (a) A port where goods may be received and
shipped free of custom duty. (b) A port where goods of all kinds are
received from ships of all nations at equal rates of duty.
 -- Free public house, in England, a tavern not belonging to a
brewer, so that the landlord is free to brew his own beer or purchase
where he chooses. Simmonds.
 -- Free school. (a) A school to which pupils are admitted without
discrimination and on an equal footing. (b) A school supported by
general taxation, by endowmants, etc., where pupils pay nothing for
tuition; a public school.
 -- Free services (O.Eng. Law), such feudal services as were not
unbecoming the character of a soldier or a freemen to perform; as, to
serve under his lord in war, to pay a sum of money, etc. Burrill.
 -- Free ships, ships of neutral nations, which in time of war are
free from capture even though carrying enemy's goods.
 -- Free socage (O.Eng. Law), a feudal tenure held by certain
services which, though honorable, were not military. Abbott.
 -- Free States, those of the United States before the Civil War, in
which slavery had ceased to exist, or had never existed.
 -- Free stuff (Carp.), timber free from knots; clear stuff.
 -- Free thought, that which is thought independently of the
authority of others.
 -- Free trade, commerce unrestricted by duties or tariff
regulations.
 -- Free trader, one who believes in free trade.
 -- To make free with, to take liberties with; to help one's self to.
[Colloq.] -- To sail free (Naut.), to sail with the yards not braced
in as sharp as when sailing closehauled, or close to the wind.

FREE
Free, adv.

1. Freely; willingly. [Obs.]
I as free forgive you As I would be forgiven. Shak.

2. Without charge; as, children admitted free.

FREE
Free, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freed; p. pr. & vb. n. Freeing.] Etym: [OE.
freen, freoien, AS. freógan. See Free, a.]

1. To make free; to set at liberty; to rid of that which confines,
limits, embarrasses, oppresses, etc.; to release; to disengage; to
clear; -- followed by from, and sometimes by off; as, to free a
captive or a slave; to be freed of these inconveniences. Clarendon.
Our land is from the rage of tigers freed. Dryden.
Arise, . . . free thy people from their yoke. Milton.

2. To remove, as something that confines or bars; to relieve from the
constraint of.
This master key Frees every lock, and leads us to his person. Dryden.

3. To frank. [Obs.] Johnson.

FREEBOOTER
Free"boot`er, n. Etym: [D. vrijbuiter, fr. vrijbuiten to plunder;
vrij free + buit booty, akin to E. booty. See Free, and Booty, and
cf. Filibuster.]

Defn: One who plunders or pillages without the authority of national
warfare; a member of a predatory band; a pillager; a buccaneer; a sea
robber. Bacon.

FREEBOOTERY
Free"boot`er*y, n.

Defn: The act, practice, or gains of a freebooter; freebooting.
Booth.

FREEBOOTING
Free"boot`ing, n.

Defn: Robbery; plunder; a pillaging.

FREEBOOTING
Free"boot`ing, a.

Defn: Acting the freebooter; practicing freebootery; robbing.
Your freebooting acquaintance. Sir W. Scott.

FREEBOOTY
Free"boot`y, n.

Defn: Freebootery. [Obs.]

FREEBORN
Free"born`, a.

Defn: Born free; not born in vasssalage; inheriting freedom.

FREE COINAGE
Free coinage.

Defn: In the fullest sense, the conversion of bullion (of any
specified metal) into legal-tender coins for any person who chooses
to bring it to the mint; in a modified sense, such coinage when done
at a fixed charge proportionate to the cost of the operation.

FREE-DENIZEN
Free"-den`i*zen, v. t.

Defn: To make free. [R.]

FREEDMAN
Freed"man, n.; pl. Freedmen (.

Defn: A man who has been a slave, and has been set free.

FREEDOM
Free"dom, n. Etym: [AS. freód; freófree + -dom. See Free, and -dom.]

1. The state of being free; exemption from the power and control of
another; liberty; independence.
Made captive, yet deserving freedom more. Milton.

2. Privileges; franchises; immunities.
Your charter and your caty's freedom. Shak.

3. Exemption from necessity, in choise and action; as, the freedom of
the will.

4. Ease; facility; as, he speaks or acts with freedom.

5. Frankness; openness; unreservedness.
I emboldened spake and freedom used. Milton.

6. Improper familiarity; violation of the rules of decorum; license.

7. Generosity; liberality. [Obs.] Chaucer. Freedom fine, a sum paid
on entry to incorporations of trades.
 -- Freedom of the city, the possession of the rights and privileges
of a freeman of the city; formerly often, and now occasionally,
conferred on one not a resident, as a mark of honorary distinction
for public services.

Syn.
 -- See Liberty.

FREEDSTOOL
Freed"stool`, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Fridstol.

FREE-HAND
Free"-hand`, a.

Defn: Done by the hand, without support, or the guidance of
instruments; as, free-hand drawing. See under Drawing.

FREE-HANDED
Free"-hand`ed, a.

Defn: Open-handed; liberal.

FREE-HEARTED
Free"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Open; frank; unreserved; liberal; generous; as, free-hearted
mirth.
 -- Free"-heart`ed*ly, adv.
 -- Free"-heart`ed*ness, n.

FREEHOLD
Free"hold`, n. (LAw)

Defn: An estate in real property, of inheritance (in fee simple or
fee tail) or for life; or the tenure by which such estate is held.
Kent. Burrill. To abate into a freehold. See under Abate.

FREEHOLDER
Free"hold`er, n. (Law)

Defn: The possessor of a freehold.

FREE-LIVER
Free"-liv`er, n.

Defn: One who gratifies his appetites without stint; one given to
indulgence in eating and drinking.

FREE-LIVING
Free"-liv`ing, n.

Defn: Unrestrained indulgence of the appetites.

FREE-LOVE
Free"-love`, n.

Defn: The doctrine or practice of consorting with the opposite sex,
at pleasure, without marriage.

FREE-LOVER
Free"-lov`er, n.

Defn: One who believes in or practices free-love.

FREELTE
Freel"te, n.

Defn: Frailty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FREELY
Free"ly, adv. Etym: [AS. freólice.]

Defn: In a free manner; without restraint or compulsion; abundantly;
gratuitously.
Of every tree of the garden thou mayst freely eat. Gen. ii. 16.
Freely ye have received, freely give. Matt. x. 8.
Freely they stood who stood, and fell who fell. Milton.
Freely we serve Because we freely love. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Independently; voluntarily; spontaneously; unconditionally;
unobstructedly; willingly; readily; liberally; generously;
bounteously; munificently; bountifully; abundantly; largely;
copiously; plentifully; plenteously.

FREEMAN
Free"man, n.; pl. Freemen. Etym: [AS. freóman; freófree + mann man.]

1. One who enjoys liberty, or who is not subject to the will of
another; one not a slave or vassal.

2. A member of a corporation, company, or city, possessing certain
privileges; a member of a borough, town, or State, who has the right
to vote at elections. See Liveryman. Burrill.
Both having been made freemen on the same day. Addison.

FREE-MARTIN
Free"-mar`tin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An imperfect female calf, twinborn with a male.

FREEMASON
Free"ma`son, n.

Defn: One of an ancient and secret association or fraternity, said to
have been at first composed of masons or builders in stone, but now
consisting of persons who are united for social enjoyment and mutual
assistance.

FREEMASONIC
Free`ma*son"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the institutions or the practices
of freemasons; as, a freemasonic signal.

FREEMASONRY
Free"ma`son*ry, n.

Defn: The institutions or the practices of freemasons.

FREE-MILLING
Free"-mill`ing, a.

Defn: Yielding free gold or silver; -- said of certain ores which can
be reduced by crushing and amalgamation, without roasting or other
chemical treatment. Raymond.

FREE-MINDED
Free"-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Not perplexed; having a mind free from care. Bacon.

FREENESS
Free"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being free; freedom; liberty; openness;
liberality; gratuitousness.

FREER
Fre"er, n.

Defn: One who frees, or sets free.

FREE SILVER
Free silver.

Defn: The free coinage of silver; often, specif., the free coinage of
silver at a fixed ratio with gold, as at the ratio of 16 to 1, which
ratio for some time represented nearly or exactly the ratio of the
market values of gold and silver respectively.

FREE-SOIL
Free"-soil`, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or advocating, the non-extension of slavery; --
esp. applied to a party which was active during the period 1846-1856.
[U.S.] -- Free"soil`er, n. [U.S.] -- Free"-soil`ism, n. [U.S.]

FREE-SPOKEN
Free"-spo`ken, a.

Defn: Accustomed to speak without reserve. Bacon.
 -- Free"-spo`ken-ness, n.

FREESTONE
Free"stone`, n.

Defn: A stone composed of sand or grit; -- so called because it is
easily cut or wrought.

FREESTONE
Free"stone`, a.

Defn: Having the flesh readily separating from the stone, as in
certain kinds of peaches.

FREE-SWIMMING
Free"-swim`ming, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Swimming in the open sea; -- said of certain marine animals.

FREETHINKER
Free"think`er, n.

Defn: One who speculates or forms opinions independently of the
authority of others; esp., in the sphere or religion, one who forms
opinions independently of the authority of revelation or of the
church; an unbeliever; -- a term assumed by deists and skeptics in
the eighteenth century.
Atheist is an old-fashioned word: I'm a freethinker, child. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Infidel; skeptic; unbeliever. See Infidel.

FREETHINKING
Free"think`ing, n.

Defn: Undue boldness of speculation; unbelief. Berkeley.
 -- a.

Defn: Exhibiting undue boldness of speculation; skeptical.

FREE-TONGUED
Free"-tongued`, a.

Defn: Speaking without reserve. Bp. Hall.

FREEWHEEL
Free"wheel`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: A clutch fitted in the rear hub of a cycle, which engages the
rear sprocket with the rear wheel when the pedals are rotated
forwards, but permits the rear wheel to run on free from the rear
sprocket when the pedals are stopped or rotated backwards.
Freewheelcycles are usually fitted with hub brakes or rim brakes,
operated by back pedaling.

FREEWHEEL
Free"wheel`, v. i.

1.
 (a) Of a freewheel cycle, to run on while the pedals are held still.
 (b) Of a person, to ride a cycle of this manner. To ride a freewheel
cycle.

2.  (Mach.) To operate like a freewheel, so that one part moves
freely over another which normally moves with it; -- said of a
clutch.

FREE WILL
Free will.

1. A will free from improper coercion or restraint.
To come thus was I not constrained, but did On my free will. Shak.

2. The power asserted of moral beings of willing or choosing without
the restraints of physical or absolute necessity.

FREEWILL
Free"will`, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to free will; voluntary; spontaneous; as, a
freewill offering. Frewill Baptists. See under Baptist.

FREEZABLE
Freez"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being frozen.

FREEZE
Freeze, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A frieze. [Obs.]

FREEZE
Freeze, v. i. [imp. Froze; p. p. Frozen; p. pr. & vb. n. Freezing.]
Etym: [OE. fresen, freosen, AS. freósan; akin to D. vriezen, OHG.
iosan, G. frieren, Icel. frjsa, Sw. frysa, Dan. fryse, Goth. frius
cold, frost, and prob. to L. prurire to itch, E. prurient, cf. L.
prna a burning coal, pruina hoarfrost, Skr. prushva ice, prush to
spirt. Frost.]

1. To become congealed by cold; to be changed from a liquid to a
solid state by the abstraction of heat; to be hardened into ice or a
like solid body.

Note: Water freezes at 32º above zero by Fahrenheit's thermometer;
mercury freezes at 40º below zero.

2. To become chilled with cold, or as with cold; to suffer loss of
animation or life by lack of heat; as, the blood freezes in the
veins. To freeze up (Fig.), to become formal and cold in demeanor.
[Colloq.]

FREEZE
Freeze, v. t.

1. To congeal; to harden into ice; to convert from a fluid to a solid
form by cold, or abstraction of heat.

2. To cause loss of animation or life in, from lack of heat; to give
the sensation of cold to; to chill.
A faint, cold fear runs through my veins, That almost freezes up the
heat of life. Shak.

FREEZE
Freeze, n.

Defn: The act of congealing, or the state of being congealed.
[Colloq.]

FREEZER
Freez"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, cools or freezes, as a refrigerator, or
the tub and can used in the process of freezing ice cream.

FREEZING
Freez"ing, a.

Defn: Tending to freeze; for freezing; hence, cold or distant in
manner.
 -- Frrez"ing*ly, adv. Freezing machine. See Ice machine, under Ice.
 -- Freezing mixture, a mixture (of salt and snow or of chemical
salts) for producing intense cold.
 -- Freezing point, that degree of a thermometer at which a fluid
begins to freeze; -- applied particularly to water, whose freezing
point is at 32º Fahr., and at 0º Centigrade.

FREIESLEBENITE
Frei"es*le`ben*ite, n. Etym: [Named after the German chemist
Freiesleben.]

Defn: A sulphide of antimony, lead, and silver, occuring in
monoclinic crystals.

FREIGHT
Freight, n. Etym: [F. fret, OHG. fr merit, reward. See Fraught, n.]

1. That with which anything in fraught or laden for transportation;
lading; cargo, especially of a ship, or a car on a railroad, etc.;
as, a freight of cotton; a full freight.

2. (Law)
(a) The sum paid by a party hiring a ship or part of a ship for the
use of what is thus hired.
(b) The price paid a common carrier for the carriage of goods.
Wharton.

3. Freight transportation, or freight line.

FREIGHT
Freight, a.

Defn: Employed in the transportation of freight; having to do with
freight; as, a freight car. Freight agent, a person employed by a
transportation company to receive, forward, or deliver goods.
 -- Freight car. See under Car.
 -- Freight train, a railroad train made up of freight cars; --
called in England goods train.

FREIGHT
Freight, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Freighting.]
Etym: [Cf. F. freter.]

Defn: To load with goods, as a ship, or vehicle of any kind, for
transporting them from one place to another; to furnish with freight;
as, to freight a ship; to freight a car.

FREIGHTAGE
Freight"age, n.

1. Charge for transportation; expense of carriage.

2. The transportation of freight.

3. Freight; cargo; lading. Milton.

FREIGHTER
Freight"er, n.

1. One who loads a ship, or one who charters and loads a ship.

2. One employed in receiving and forwarding freight.

3. One for whom freight is transported.

4. A vessel used mainly to carry freight.

FREIGHTLESS
Freight"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of freight.

FREIHERR
Frei"herr`, n.; pl. Freiherrn (#). [G., lit., free lord.]

Defn: In Germany and Austria, a baron.

FRELTE
Frel"te, n.

Defn: Frailty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FREMD; FREMED
Fremd, Frem"ed a. Etym: [OE., from AS. fremede, fremde; akin to G.
fremd.]

Defn: Strange; foreign. [Old Eng. & Scot.] Chaucer.

FREMESCENT
Fre*mes"cent, a. [L. fremere to roar, murmur + -escent.]

Defn: Becoming murmurous, roaring. "Fremescent clangor." Carlyle. --
Fre*mes"cence (#), n.

FREMITUS
Frem"i*tus, n., sing. & pl. [L., a murmuring, roaring.] (Med.)

Defn: Palpable vibration or thrill; as, the rhonchial fremitus.

FREN
Fren, n. Etym: [OE. frenne, contr. fr. forrene foreign. See Foreign,
a.]

Defn: A stranger. [Obs.] Spenser.

FRENCH
French, a. Etym: [AS. frencisc, LL. franciscus, from L. Francus a
Frank: cf. OF. franceis, franchois, fran, F. franFrank, a., and cf.
Frankish.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to France or its inhabitants. French bean
(Bot.), the common kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).
 -- French berry (Bot.), the berry of a species of buckthorn (Rhamnus
catharticus), which affords a saffron, green or purple pigment.
 -- French casement (Arch.) See French window, under Window.
 -- French chalk (Min.), a variety of granular talc; -- used for
drawing lines on cloth, etc. See under Chalk.
 -- French cowslip (Bot.) The Primula Auricula. See Bear's-ear.
 -- French fake (Naut.), a mode of coiling a rope by running it
backward and forward in parallel bends, so that it may run freely.
 -- French honeysuckle (Bot.) a plant of the genus Hedysarum (H.
coronarium); -- called also garland honeysuckle.
 -- French horn, a metallic wind instrument, consisting of a long
tube twisted into circular folds and gradually expanding from the
mouthpiece to the end at which the sound issues; -- called in France
cor de chasse.
 -- French leave, an informal, hasty, or secret departure; esp., the
leaving a place without paying one's debts.
 -- French pie Etym: [French (here used in sense of "foreign") + pie
a magpie (in allusion to its black and white color)] (Zoöl.), the
European great spotted woodpecker (Dryobstes major); -- called also
wood pie.
 -- French polish. (a) A preparation for the surface of woodwork,
consisting of gums dissolved in alcohol, either shellac alone, or
shellac with other gums added. (b) The glossy surface produced by the
application of the above.
 -- French purple, a dyestuff obtained from lichens and used for
coloring woolen and silken fabrics, without the aid of mordants. Ure.
 -- French red rouge.
 -- French rice, amelcorn.
 -- French roof (Arch.), a modified form of mansard roof having a
nearly flat deck for the upper slope.
 -- French tub, a dyer's mixture of protochloride of tin and logwood;
-- called also plum tub. Ure.
 -- French window. See under Window.

FRENCH
French, n.

1. The language spoken in France.

2. Collectively, the people of France.

FRENCHIFY
French"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frenchified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Frenchifying.] Etym: [French + -fy.]

Defn: To make French; to infect or imbue with the manners or tastes
of the French; to Gallicize. Burke.

FRENCHISM
French"ism, n.

Defn: A French mode or characteristic; an idiom peculiar to the
French language. Earle.

FRENCHMAN
French"man, n.; pl. Frenchmen (.

Defn: A native or one of the people of France.

FRENETIC
Fre*net"ic, a. Etym: [See Frantic, a.]

Defn: Distracted; mad; frantic; phrenetic. Milton.

FRENETICAL
Fre*net"ic*al, a.

Defn: Frenetic; frantic; frenzied.
 -- Frenet"ic*al*ly, adv.

FRENUM
Fre"num, n.; pl. E. Frenums, L. Frena. Etym: [L., a bridle.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cheek stripe of color.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Frænum.

FRENZICAL
Fren"zi*cal, a.

Defn: Frantic. [Obs.] Orrery.

FRENZIED
Fren"zied, p. p. & a.

Defn: Affected with frenzy; frantic; maddened.
 -- Fren"zied-ly, adv.
The people frenzied by centuries of oppression. Buckle.
Up starting with a frenzied look. Sir W Scott.

FRENZY
Fren"zy, n.; pl. Frenzies. Etym: [OE. frenesie, fransey, F. frénésie,
L. phrenesis, fr. Gr. Frantic, Phrenitis.]

Defn: Any violent agitation of the mind approaching to distraction;
violent and temporary derangement of the mental faculties; madness;
rage.
All else is towering frenzy and distraction. Addison.
The poet's eye in a fine frenzy rolling. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangment; alienation; aberration;
delirium. See Insanity.

FRENZY
Fren"zy, a.

Defn: Mad; frantic. [R.]
They thought that some frenzy distemper had got into his head.
Bunyan.

FRENZY
Fren"zy, v. t.

Defn: To affect with frenzy; to drive to madness [R.] "Frenzying
anguish." Southey.

FREQUENCE
Fre"quence, n. Etym: [See Frequency.]

1. A crowd; a throng; a concourse. [Archaic.] Tennyson.

2. Frequency; abundance. [R.] Bp. Hall.

FREQUENCY
Fre"quen*cy, n.; pl. Frequencies. Etym: [L. frequentia numerous
attendance, multitude: cf. F. fréquence. See Frequent.]

1. The condition of returning frequently; occurrence often repeated;
common occurence; as, the frequency of crimes; the frequency of
miracles.
The reasons that moved her to remove were, because Rome was a place
of riot and luxury, her soul being almost stifled with, the
frequencies of ladies' visits. Fuller.

2. A crowd; a throng. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

FREQUENT
Fre"quent, a. Etym: [L. frequens, -entis, crowded, frequent, akin to
farcire to stuff: cf. F. fréquent. Cf. Farce, n.]

1. Often to be met with; happening at short intervals; often repeated
or occurring; as, frequent visits. "Frequent feudal towers." Byron.

2. Addicted to any course of conduct; inclined to indulge in any
practice; habitual; persistent.
He has been loud and frequent in declaring himself hearty for the
government. Swift.

3. Full; crowded; thronged. [Obs.]
'T is Cæsar's will to have a frequent senate. B. Jonson.

4. Often or commonly reported. [Obs.]
'T is frequent in the city he hath subdued The Catti and the Daci.
Massinger.

FREQUENT
Fre*quent", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frequented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Frequenting.] Etym: [L. frequentare: cf. F. fréquenter. See Frequent,
a.]

1. To visit often; to resort to often or habitually.
He frequented the court of Augustus. Dryden.

2. To make full; to fill. [Obs.]
With their sighs the air Frequenting, sent from hearts contrite.
Milton.

FREQUENTABLE
Fre*quent"a*ble, a.

Defn: Accessible. [R.] Sidney.

FREQUENTAGE
Fre*quent"age, n.

Defn: The practice or habit of frequenting. [R.] Southey.

FREQUENTATION
Fre"quen*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. frequentatio a crowding together,
frequency: cf. F. fréquentation.]

Defn: The act or habit of frequenting or visiting often; resort.
Chesterfield.

FREQUENTATIVE
Fre*quent"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. frequentativus: cf. F. fréquentatif.]
(Gram.)

Defn: Serving to express the frequent repetition of an action; as, a
frequentative verb.
 -- n.

Defn: A frequentative verb.

FREQUENTER
Fre*quent*er, n.

Defn: One who frequents; one who often visits, or resorts to
customarily.

FREQUENTLY
Fre*quent*ly, adv.

Defn: At frequent or short intervals; many times; often; repeatedly;
commonly.

FREQUENTNESS
Fre"quent*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being frequent.

FRERE
Frère, n. Etym: [F. See Friar.]

Defn: A friar. Chaucer.

FRESCADE
Fres"cade, n. Etym: [See Fresco, Fresh, a.]

Defn: A cool walk; shady place. [R.] Maunder.

FRESCO
Fres"co, n.; pl. Frescoes or Frescos. Etym: [It., fr. fresco fresh;
of German origin. See Fresh, a.]

1. A cool, refreshing state of the air; duskiness; coolness; shade.
[R.] Prior.

2. (Fine Arts)
(a) The art of painting on freshly spread plaster, before it dries.
(b) In modern parlance, incorrectly applied to painting on plaster in
any manner.
(c) A painting on plaster in either of senses a and b.

FRESCO
Fres"co, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frescoed; p. pr. & vb. n. Frescoing.]

Defn: To paint in fresco, as walls.

FRESH
Fresh, a. [Compar. Fresher (; superl. Freshest.] Etym: [OE. fresch,
AS. fersc; akin to D. versch, G. frisch, OHG. frisc, Sw. frisk, Dan.
frisk, fersk, Icel. fr frisky, brisk, ferskr fresh; cf. It. fresco,
OF. fres, freis, fem. freske, fresche, F. frais, fem. fra, which are
of German origin. Cf. Fraischeur, Fresco, Frisk.]

1. Possessed of original life and vigor; new and strong; unimpaired;
sound.

2. New; original; additional. "Fear of fresh mistakes." Sir W. Scott.
A fresh pleasure in every fresh posture of the limbs. Landor.

3. Lately produced, gathered, or prepared for market; not stale; not
dried or preserved; not wilted, faded, or tainted; in good condition;
as, fresh vegetables, flowers, eggs, meat, fruit, etc.; recently made
or obtained; occurring again; repeated; as, a fresh supply of goods;
fresh tea, raisins, etc.; lately come or made public; as, fresh news;
recently taken from a well or spring; as, fresh water.

4. Youthful; florid; as, these fresh nymphs. Shak.

5. In a raw, green, or untried state; uncultivated; uncultured;
unpracticed; as, a fresh hand on a ship.

6. Renewed in vigor, alacrity, or readiness for action; as, fresh for
a combat; hence, tending to renew in vigor; rather strong; cool or
brisk; as, a fresh wind.

7. Not salt; as, fresh water, in distinction from that which is from
the sea, or brackish; fresh meat, in distinction from that which is
pickled or salted. Fresh breeze (Naut.), a breeze between a moderate
and a strong breeze; one blowinq about twenty miles an hour.
 -- Fresh gale, a gale blowing about forty-five miles an hour.
 -- Fresh way (Naut.), increased speed.

Syn.
 -- Sound; unimpaired; recent; unfaded: ruddy; florid; sweet; good:
inexperienced; unpracticed: unused; lively; vigorous; strong.

FRESH
Fresh, n.; pl. Freshes (.

1. A stream or spring of fresh water.
He shall drink naught but brine; for I'll not show him Where the
quick freshes are. Shak.

2. A flood; a freshet. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

3. The mingling of fresh water with salt in rivers or bays, as by
means of a flood of fresh water flowing toward or into the sea.
Beverly.

FRESH
Fresh, v. t.

Defn: To refresh; to freshen. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

FRESHEN
Fresh"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freshened; p. pr. & vb. n. Freshening]

1. To make fresh; to separate, as water, from saline ingredients; to
make less salt; as, to freshen water, fish, or flesh.

2. To refresh; to revive. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: To relieve, as a rope, by change of place where friction wears
it; or to renew, as the material used to prevent chafing; as, to
freshen a hawse. Totten. To freshen ballast (Naut.), to shift Or
restore it.
 -- To freshen the hawse, to pay out a little more cable, so as to
bring the chafe on another part.
 -- To freshen the way, to increase the speed of a vessel. Ham. Nav.
Encyc.

FRESHEN
Fresh"en, v. i.

1. To grow fresh; to lose saltness.

2. To grow brisk or strong; as, the wind freshens.

FRESHET
Fresh"et, n. Etym: [OE. fresche flood + -et. See Fresh, a.]

1. A stream of fresh water. [Obs.] Milton.

2. A flood or overflowing of a stream caused by heavy rains or melted
snow; a sudden inundation.
Cracked the sky, as ice in rivers When the freshet is at highest.
Longfellow.

FRESHLY
Fresh"ly, adv.

Defn: In a fresh manner; vigorously; newly, recently; brightly;
briskly; coolly; as, freshly gathered; freshly painted; the wind
blows freshly.
Looks he as freshly as he did Shak.

FRESHMAN
Fresh"man, n.; pl. Freshmen (.

Defn: novice; one in the rudiments of knowledge; especially, a
student during his fist year in a college or university.
He drank his glass and cracked his joke, And freshmen wondered as he
spoke. Goldsmith.
Freshman class, the lowest of the four classes in an American
college. [ U. S.]

FRESHMANSHIP
Fresh"man*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a freshman.

FRESHMENT
Fresh"ment, n.

Defn: Refreshment. [Obs.]

FRESHNESS
Fresh"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being fresh.
The Scots had the advantage both for number and freshness of men.
Hayward.
And breathe the freshness of the open air. Dryden.
Her cheeks their freshness lose and wonted grace. Granville.

FRESH-NEW
Fresh"-new`, a.

Defn: Unpracticed. [Obs.] Shak.

FRESH-WATER
Fresh"-wa`ter, a.

1. Of, pertaining to, or living in, water not salt; as, fresh-water
geological deposits; a fresh-water fish; fresh-water mussels.

2. Accustomed to sail on fresh water only; unskilled as a seaman; as,
a fresh-water sailor.

3. Unskilled; raw. [Colloq.] "Fresh-water soldiers." Knolles.

FRESNEL LAMP; FRESNEL LANTERN
Fres`nel" lamp", Fres`nel" lan"tern. Etym: [From Fresnel the
inventor, a French physicist.]

Defn: A lantern having a lamp surrounded by a hollow cylindrical
Fresnel lens.

FRESNEL LENS
Fres`nel" lens". Etym: [See Fresnel lamp.] (Optics)

Defn: See under Lens.

FRET
Fret, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See 1st Frith.

FRET
Fret, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fretted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fretting.] Etym:
[OE. freten to eat, consume; AS. fretan, for foretan; pref. for- +
etan to eat; akin to D. vreten, OHG. frezzan, G. fressen, Sw. fräta,
Goth. fra-itan. See For, and Eat, v. t.]

1. To devour. [Obs.]
The sow frete the child right in the cradle. Chaucer.

2. To rub; to wear away by friction; to chafe; to gall; hence, to eat
away; to gnaw; as, to fret cloth; to fret a piece of gold or other
metal; a worm frets the plants of a ship.
With many a curve my banks I fret. Tennyson.

3. To impair; to wear away; to diminish.
By starts His fretted fortunes give him hope and fear. Shak.

4. To make rough, agitate, or disturb; to cause to ripple; as, to
fret the surface of water.

5. To tease; to irritate; to vex.
Fret not thyself because of evil doers. Ps. xxxvii. 1.

FRET
Fret, v. i.

1. To be worn away; to chafe; to fray; as, a wristband frets on the
edges.

2. To eat in; to make way by corrosion.
Many wheals arose, and fretted one into another with great
excoriation. Wiseman.

3. To be agitated; to be in violent commotion; to rankle; as, rancor
frets in the malignant breast.

4. To be vexed; to be chafed or irritated; to be angry; to utter
peevish expressions.
He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground. Dryden.

FRET
Fret, n.

1. The agitation of the surface of a fluid by fermentation or other
cause; a rippling on the surface of water. Addison.

2. Agitation of mind marked by complaint and impatience; disturbance
of temper; irritation; as, he keeps his mind in a continual fret.
Yet then did Dennis rave in furious fret. Pope.

3. Herpes; tetter. Dunglison.

4. pl. (Mining)

Defn: The worn sides of river banks, where ores, or stones containing
them, accumulate by being washed down from the hills, and thus
indicate to the miners the locality of the veins.

FRET
Fret, v. t. Etym: [OE. fretten to adorn, AS. frætwan, frætwian; akin
to OS. fratah, cf. Goth. us-fratwjan to make wise, also AS. frætwe
ornaments, OS. fratahi adornment.]

Defn: To ornament with raised work; to variegate; to diversify.
Whose skirt with gold was fretted all about. Spenser.
Yon gray lines, That fret the clouds, are messengers of day. Shak.

FRET
Fret, n.

1. Ornamental work in relief, as carving or embossing. See Fretwork.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornament consisting of smmall fillets or slats intersecting
each other or bent at right angles, as in classical designs, or at
obilique angles, as often in Oriental art.
His lady's cabinet is a adorned on the fret, ceiling, and chimney-
piece with . . . carving. Evelyn.

3. The reticulated headdress or net, made of gold or silver wire, in
which ladies in the Middle Ages confined their hair.
A fret of gold she had next her hair. Chaucer.
Fret saw, a saw with a long, narrow blade, used in cutting frets,
scrolls, etc.; a scroll saw; a keyhole saw; a compass saw.

FRET
Fret, n. Etym: [F. frette a saltire, also a hoop, ferrule, prob. a
dim. of L. ferrum iron. For sense 2, cf. also E. fret to rub.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: A saltire interlaced with a mascle.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A short piece of wire, or other material fixed across the
finger board of a guitar or a similar instrument, to indicate where
the finger is to be placed.

FRET
Fret, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with frets, as an instrument of music.

FRETFUL
Fret"ful, a. Etym: [See 2d Fret.]

Defn: Disposed to fret; ill-humored; peevish; angry; in a state of
vexation; as, a fretful temper.
 -- Fret"ful-ly, adv.
 -- Fret"ful-ness, n.

Syn.
 -- Peevish; ill-humored; ill-natured; irritable; waspish; captious;
petulant; splenetic; spleeny; passionate; angry.
 -- Fretful, Peevish, Cross. These words all indicate an unamiable
working and expression of temper. Peevish marks more especially the
inward spirit: a peevish man is always ready to find fault. Fretful
points rather to the outward act, and marks a complaining impatience:
sickly children are apt to be fretful. Crossness is peevishness
mingled with vexation or anger.

FRETT
Frett, n. Etym: [See 2d Fret.] (Mining)

Defn: The worn side of the bank of a river. See 4th Fret, n., 4.

FRETT
Frett, n. Etym: [See Frit.]

Defn: A vitreous compound, used by potters in glazing, consisting of
lime, silica, borax, lead, and soda.

FRETTED
Fret"ted, p. p. & a. Etym: [From 2d Fret.]

1. Rubbed or worn away; chafed.

2. Agitated; vexed; worried.

FRETTED
Fret"ted, p. p. & a. Etym: [See 5th Fret.]

1. Ornamented with fretwork; furnished with frets; variegated; made
rough on the surface.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Interlaced one with another; -- said of charges and ordinaries.

FRETTEN
Fret"ten, a. Etym: [The old p. p. of fret to rub.]

Defn: Rubbed; marked; as, pock-fretten, marked with the smallpox.
[Obs.] Wright.

FRETTER
Fret"ter, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, frets.

FRETTY
Fret"ty, a. Etym: [See 5th Fret.]

Defn: Adorned with fretwork.

FRETUM
Fre"tum, n.; pl. Freta. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A strait, or arm of the sea.

FRETWORK
Fret"work, n. Etym: [6th fret + work.]

Defn: Work adorned with frets; ornamental openwork or work in relief,
esp. when elaborate and minute in its parts. Heuce, any minute play
of light andshade, dark and light, or the like.
Banqueting on the turf in the fretwork of shade and sunshine.
Macaulay.

FREYA
Frey"a, n. Etym: [Icel. Freyja.] (Scand. Myth.)

Defn: The daughter of Njörd, aud goddess of love and beauty; the
Scandinavian Venus; -- in Teutonic myths confounded with Frigga, but
in Scandinavian, distinct. [Written also Frea, Fraying, and Ereyja.]

FRIABIIITY
Fri"a*bii"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. friabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being friable; friableness. Locke.

FRIABLE
Fri"a*ble, a.

Defn: [friabilis, fr. friare to rub, break, or crumble into small
pieces, cf. fricare to rub, E. fray. cf. F. friable.) Easily
crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder. "Friable ground." Evelyn.
"Soft and friable texture." Paley.
 -- Fri'a-ble-ness, n.

FRIAR
Fri"ar, n. Etym: [OR. frere, F. frère brother, friar, fr. L. frater
brother. See Brother.]

1. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A brother or member of any religious order, but especially of
one of the four mendicant orders, viz: (a) Minors, Gray Friars, or
Franciscans. (b) Augustines. (c) Dominicans or Black Friars. (d)
White Friars or Carmelites. See these names in the Vocabulary.

2. (Print.)

Defn: A white or pale patch on a printed page.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American fish; the silversides. Friar bird (Zoöl.), an
Australian bird (Tropidorhynchus corniculatus), having the head
destitute of feathers; -- called also coldong, leatherhead, pimlico;
poor soldier, and four-o'clock. The name is also applied to several
other species of the same genus.
 -- Friar's balsam (Med.), a stimulating application for wounds and
ulcers, being an alcoholic solution of benzoin, styrax, tolu balsam,
and aloes; compound tincture of benzoin. Brande & C.
 -- Friar's cap (Bot.), the monkshood.
 -- Friar's cowl (Bot.), an arumlike plant (Arisarum vulgare) with a
spathe or involucral leaf resembling a cowl.
 -- Friar's lantern, the ignis fatuus or Will-o'-the-wisp. Milton.
 -- Friar skate (Zoöl.), the European white or sharpnosed skate (Raia
alba); -- called also Burton skate, border ray, scad, and doctor.

FRIARLY
Fri"ar*ly, a.

Defn: Like a friar; inexperienced. Bacon.

FRIARY
Fri"ar*y, a. Etym: [From Friar, n.]

Defn: Like a friar; pertaining to friars or to a convent. [Obs.]
Camden.

FRIARY
Fri"ar*y, n. Etym: [OF. frerie, frairie, fr. frère. See Friar.]

1. A monastery; a convent of friars. Drugdale.

2. The institution or praactices of friars. Fuller.

FRIATION
Fri*a"tion, n. Etym: [See Friable.]

Defn: The act of breaking up or pulverizing.

FRIBBLE
Frib"ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. frivole, L. frivolus, or E. frippery.]

Defn: Frivolous; trifling; sily.

FRIBBLE
Frib"ble, n.

Defn: A frivolous, contemptible fellow; a fop.
A pert fribble of a peer. Thackeray.

FRIBBLE
Frib"ble, v. i.

1. To act in a trifling or foolish manner; to act frivolously.
The fools that are fribbling round about you. Thackeray.

2. To totter. [Obs.]

FRIBBLER
Frib"bler, n.

Defn: A trifler; a fribble.

FRIBBLING
Frib"bling, a.

Defn: Frivolous; trining; toolishly captious.

FRIBORG; FRIBORGH
Fri"borg , Fri"borgh, n. Etym: [AS. fri, lit., peace PLAGE; fri peace
+ borh, borg, pledge, akin to E. borrow. The first part of the word
was confused with free, the last part, with borough.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: The pledge and tithing, afterwards called by the Normans
frankpledge. See Frankpledge. [Written also friburgh and fribourg.]
Burril.

FRICACE
Fric"ace, n. Etym: [See Fricassee.]

1. Meat sliced and dressed with strong sauce. [Obs.] King.

2. An unguent; also, the act of rubbing with the unguent.

FRICANDEAU; FRICANDO
Fri"can`deau`, Fric"*an*do (, n. Etym: [F. fricandeau; cf. Sp.
fricandó.]

Defn: A ragout or fricassee of veal; a fancy dish of veal or of boned
turkey, served as an entrée, -- called also fricandel. A. J. Cooley.

FRICASSEE
Fric"as*see`, n. Etym: [F. fricassée, fr. fricasser to fry,
fricassee; cf. LL. fricare, perh. for frictare, fricare, frictum, to
rub. Cf. Fry, Friction.]

Defn: A dish made of fowls, veal, or other meat of small animals cut
into pieces, and stewed in a gravy.

FRICASSEE
Fric"as*see`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fricassed; p. pr. &. vb. n.
Fricasseeing.]

Defn: To dress like a fricassee.

FRICATION
Fri*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. fricatio, fr. fricare, fricatum, to rub. ]

Defn: Friction. [Obs.] Bacon.

FRICATIVE
Fric"a*tive, a. Etym: [See Frication.] (Phon.)

Defn: Produced by the friction or rustling of the breath, intonated
or unintonated, through a narrow opening between two of the mouth
organs; uttered through a close approach, but not with a complete
closure, of the organs of articulation, and hence capable of being
continued or prolonged; -- said of certain consonantal sounds, as f,
v, s, z, etc.
 -- n.

Defn: A fricative consonant letter or sound. See Guide to
Pronunciation, §§ 197-206, etc.

FRICATRICE
Fric"a*trice, n. Etym: [Cf. L. frictrix, fr. fricare to rub.]

Defn: A lewd woman; a harlot. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

FRICKLE
Fric"kle, n.

Defn: A bushel basket. [Obs.]

FRICTION
Fric"tion, n. Etym: [L. frictio, fr. fricare, frictum,to rub: cf. F.
friction. See Fray to rub, arid cf. Dentifrice.]

1. The act of rubbing the surface of one body against that of
another; attrition; in hygiene, the act of rubbing the body with the
hand, with flannel, or with a brush etc., to excite the skin to
healthy action.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: The resistance which a body meets with from the surface on
which it moves. It may be resistance to sliding motion, or to rolling
motion.

3. A clashing between two persons or parties in opinions or work; a
disagreement tending to prevent or retard progress. Angle of friction
(Mech.), the angle which a plane onwhich a body is lying makes with a
horizontal plane,when the hody is just ready to slide dewn the plane.

Note: This angle varies for different bodies, and for planes of
different materials.
 -- Anti-friction wheels (Mach.), wheels turning freely on small
pivots, and sustaining, at the angle formed by their circumferences,
the pivot or journal of a revolving shaft, to relieve it of friction;
-- called also friction wheels.
 -- Friction balls, or Friction rollers, balls or rollers placed so
as to receive the pressure or weight of bodies in motion, and relieve
friction, as in the hub of a bicycle wheel.
 -- Friction brake (Mach.), a form of dynamometer for measuring the
power a motor exerts. A clamp around the revolving shaft or fly wheel
of the motor resists the motion by its friction, the work thus
absorbed being ascertained by observing the force required to keep
the clamp from revolving with the shaft; a Prony brake.
 -- Friction chocks, brakes attached to the common standing garrison
carriages of guns, so as to raise the trucks or wheels off the
platform when the gun begins to recoil, and prevent its running back.
Earrow.
 -- Friction clutch, Friction coupling, an engaging and disengaging
gear for revolving shafts, pulleys, etc., acting by friction; esp.:
(a) A device in which a piece on one shaft or pulley is so forcibly
pressed against a piece on another shaft that the two will revolve
together; as, in the illustration, the cone a on one shaft, when
thrust forcibly into the corresponding hollow cone b on the other
shaft, compels the shafts to rotate together, by the hold the
friction of the conical surfaces gives. (b) A toothed clutch, one
member of which, instead of being made fast on its shaft, is held by
friction and can turn, by slipping, under excessive strain or in
starting.
 -- Friction drop hammer, one in which the hammer is raised for
striking by the friction of revolving rollers which nip the hammer
rod.
 -- Friction gear. See Frictional gearing, under Frictional.
 -- Friction machine, an electrical machine, generating electricity
by friction.
 -- Friction meter, an instrument for measuring friction, as in
testing lubricants.
 -- Friction powder, Friction composition, a composition of chlorate
of potassium, antimony, sulphide, etc, which readily ignites by
friction.
 -- Friction primer, Friction tube, a tube used for firing cannon by
means of the friction of a roughened wire in the friction powder or
composition with which the tube is filled -- Friction wheel (Mach.),
one of the wheels in frictional gearing. See under Frictional.

FRICTIONAL
Fric"tion*al, a.

Defn: Relating to friction; moved by friction; produced by friction;
as, frictional electricity. Frictional gearing, wheels which transmit
motion by surface friction instead of teeth. The faces are sometimes
made more or less V-shaped to increase or decrease friction, as
required.

FRICTIONLESS
Fric"tion*less, a.

Defn: Having no friction.

FRIDAY
Fri"day, n. Etym: [AS. frigedæg, fr. Frigu, the gooddes of marriage;
friqu love + dæg day; cf. Icel. Frigg name of a goddess, the wife of
Odin or Wodan, OHG. Friatag, Isel. Frjadagr. AS. frigu is prob. from
the root of E. friend, free. See Free, and Day.]

Defn: The sixth day of the week, following Thursday and preceding
Saturday.

FRIDGE
Fridge, v. t. Etym: [AS. frician to dance, from free bold. Cf. Freak,
n.]

Defn: To rub; to fray. [Obs.] Sterne.

FRIDSTOL; FRITHSTOOL
Frid"stol`, Frith`stool", n. Etym: [AS. fril. See Fred, and Stool.]

Defn: A seat in churches near the altar, to which offenders formerly
fled for sanctuary. [Written variously fridstool, freedstool, etc.]
[Obs.]

FRIED
Fried,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Fry.

FRIEND
Friend, n. Etym: [OR. frend, freond, AS. freónd, prop. p. pr. of
freón, freógan, to love; akin to D. vriend friend, OS. friund friend,
friohan to love, OHG. friunt friend, G. freund, Icel. frændi kinsman,
Sw. frände. Goth. frij friend, frij to love. sq. root83. See Free,
and cf. Fiend.]

1. One who entertains for another suo
Want gives to know the flatterer from the friend. Dryden.
A friend that sticketh closer than a brother. Prov. xviii. 24.

2. One not inimical or hostile; one not a foe or enemy; also, one of
the same nation, party, kin, etc., whose friendly feelings may be
assumed. The word is some times used as a term of friendly address.
Friend, how camest thou in hither Matt. xxii. 12.

3. One who looks propitiously on a cause, an institution, a project,
and the like; a favorer; a promoter; as, a friend to commerce, to
poetry, to an institution.

4. One of a religious sect characterized by disuse of outward rites
and an ordained ministry, by simplicity of dress and speech, and esp.
by opposition to war and a desire to live at peace with all men. They
are popularly called Quakers.
America was first visited by Friends in 1656. T. Chase.

5. A paramour of either sex. [Obs.] Shak. A friend at court or in
court, one disposed to act as a friend in a place of special
opportunity or influence.
 -- To be friends with, to have friendly relations with. "He's . . .
friends with Cæsar." Shak.
 -- To make friends with, to become reconciled to or on friendly
terms with. "Having now made friends with the Athenians." Jowett
(Thucyd. ).

FRIEND
Friend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Friended; p. pr, & vb. n. Friending.]

Defn: To act as the friend of; to favor; to countenance; to befriend.
[Obs.]
Fortune friends the bold. Spenser.

FRIENDED
Friend"ed, a.

1. Having friends; [Obs.]

2. Iuclined to love; well-disposed. [Obs.] Shak.

FRIENDING
Friend"ing, n.

Defn: Friendliness. [Obs.] Shak.

FRIENDLESS
Friend"less, a. Etym: [AS. freóndleás.]

Defn: Destitute of friends; forsaken.
 -- Friend"less*ness, n.

FRIENDLILY
Friend"li*ly, adv.

Defn: In a friendly manner. Pope.

FRIENDLINESS
Friend"li*ness, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being friendly. Sir P. Sidney.

FRIENDLY
Friend"ly, a. Etym: [AS. freéndlice.]

1. Having the temper and disposition of a friend; disposed to promote
the good of another; kind; favorable.

2. Appropriate to, or implying, friendship; befitting friends;
amicable.
In friendly relations with his moderate opponents. Macaulay.

3. Not hostile; as, a friendly power or state.

4. Promoting the good of any person; favorable; propitious;
serviceable; as, a friendly breeze or gale.
On the first friendly bank he throws him down. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Amicable; kind; conciliatory; propitious; favorable. See
Amicable.

FRIENDLY
Friend"ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of friends; amicably; like friends. [Obs.] Shak.
In whom all graces that can perfect beauty Are friendly met. Beau. &
Fl.

FRIENDSHIP
Friend"ship, n. Etym: [AS. freóndscipe. See Friend, and -ship.]

1. The state of being friends; friendly relation, or attachment, to a
person, or between persons; affection arising from mutual esteem and
good will; friendliness; amity; good will.
There is little friendship in the world. Bacon.
There can be no friendship without confidence, and no confidence
without integrity. Rambler.
Preferred by friendship, and not chosen by sufficiency. Spenser.

2. Kindly aid; help; assistance, [Obs.]
Some friendship will it [a hovel] lend you gainst the tempest. Shak.

3. Aptness to unite; conformity; affinity; harmony; correspondence.
[Obs.]
Those colors . . . have a friendship with each other. Dryden.

FRIER
Fri"er, n.

Defn: One who fries.

FRIESE
Friese, n.

Defn: Same as Friesic, n.

FRIESIC
Fries"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Friesland, a province in the northern part
of the Netherlands.

FRIESIC
Fries"ic, n.

Defn: The language of the Frisians, a Teutonic people formerly
occupying a large part of the coast of Holland and Northwestern
Germany. The modern dialects of Friesic are spoken chiefly in the
province of Friesland, and on some of the islands near the coast of
Germany and Denmark.

FRIESISH
Fries"ish, a.

Defn: Friesic. [R.]

FRIEZE
Frieze, n. Etym: [Perh. the same word as frieze a, kind of cloth. Cf.
Friz.] (Arch.)
(a) That part of the entablature of an order which is between the
architrave and cornice. It is a flat member or face, either uniform
or broken by triglyphs, and often enriched with figures and other
ornaments of sculpture.
(b) Any sculptured or richly ornamented band in a building or, by
extension, in rich pieces of furniture. See Illust. of Column.
Cornice or frieze with bossy sculptures graven. Milton.

FRIEZE
Frieze, n. Etym: [F. frise, perh. originally a woolen cloth or stuff
from Friesland (F. Frise); cf. LL. frisii panni and frissatus pannus,
a shaggy woolen cloth, F. friser to friz, curl. Cf. Friz.]

Defn: A kind of coarse woolen cloth or stuff with a shaggy or tufted
(friezed) nap on one side. "Robes of frieze." Goldsmith.

FRIEZE
Frieze, v. t.

Defn: To make a nap on (cloth); to friz. See Friz, v. t.,

2. Friezing machine, a machine for friezing cloth; a friezing
machine.

FRIEZED
Friezed, a.

Defn: Gathered, or having the map gathered, into little tufts, knots,
or protuberances. Cf. Frieze, v. t., and Friz, v. t.,

2.

FRIEZER
Frie"zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, friezes or frizzes.

FRIGATE
Frig"ate, n. Etym: [F. frégate, It. fregata, prob. contracted fr. L.
fabricata something constructed or. built. See Fabricate.]

1. Originally, a vessel of the Mediterranean propelled by sails and
by oars. The French, about 1650, transferred the name to larger
vessels, and by 1750 it had been appropriated for a class of war
vessels intermediate between corvettes and ships of the line.
Frigates, from about 1750 to 1850, had one full battery deck and,
often, a spar deck with a lighter battery. They carried sometimes as
many as fifty guns. After the application of steam to navigation
steam frigates of largely increased size and power were built, and
formed the main part of the navies of the world till about 1870, when
the introduction of ironclads superseded them. [Formerly spelled
frigat and friggot.]

2. Any small vessel on the water. [Obs.] Spenser. Frigate bird
(Zoöl.), a web-footed rapacious bird, of the genus Fregata; -- called
also man-of-war bird, and frigate pelican. Two species are known;
that of the Southern United States and West Indies is F. aquila. They
are remarkable for their long wings and powerful flight. Their food
consists of fish which they obtain by robbing gulls, terns, and other
birds, of their prey. They are related to the pelicans.
 -- Frigate mackerel (Zoöl.), an oceanic fish (Auxis Rochei) of
little or no value as food, often very abundant off the coast of the
United States.
 -- Frigate pelican. (Zoöl.) Same as Frigate bird.

FRIGATE-BUILT
Frig"ate-built", a. (Naut.)

Defn: Built like a frigate with a raised quarter-deck and forecastle.

FRIGATOON
Frig"a*toon`, n. Etym: [It. fregatone: cf. F.frégaton. See Frigate.]
(Naut.)

Defn: A Venetian vessel, with a square stern, having only a mainmast,
jigger mast, and bowsprit; also a sloop of war ship-rigged.

FRIGEFACTION
Frig"e*fac`tion, n. Etym: [L. frigere to be cold + facere to make.]

Defn: The act of making cold. [Obs.]

FRIGEFACTIVE
Frig"e*fac`tive, a.

Defn: Cooling. [Obs.] Boyle.

FRIGERATE
Frig"er*ate, e. t. Etym: [L. frigerare, fr. frigus cold.]

Defn: To make cool. [Obs.] Blount.

FRIGG; FRIGGA
Frigg, Frig"ga n. Etym: [Icel. Frigg. See Friday.] (Scand. Myth.)

Defn: The wife of Odin and mother of the gods; the supreme goddess;
the Juno of the Valhalla. Cf. Freya.

FRIGHT
Fright, n. Etym: [OE. frigt, freyht, AS. fyrhto, fyrhtu; akin to OS.
forhta, OHG. forhta, forahta, G. furcht, Dan. frygt, Sw. fruktan,
Goth. faúrhtei fear, faúrhts timid.]

1. A state of terror excited by the sudden appearance of danger;
sudden and violent fear, usually of short duration; a sudden alarm.

2. Anything strange, ugly or shocking, producing a feeling of alarm
or aversion. [Colloq.]

Syn.
 -- Alarm; terror; consternation. See Alarm.

FRIGHT
Fright, v. t. [imp. Frighted; p. pr. & vb. n.. Frighting.] Etym: [OE.
frigten to fear, frighten, AS. fyrhtan to frighten, forhtian to fear;
akin to OS. forhtian, OHG. furihten, forahtan, G. fürchten, Sw.
frukta, Dan. frygte, Goth. faurhtjan. See Fright, n., and cf.
Frighten.]

Defn: To alarm suddenly; to shock by causing sudden fear; to terrify;
to scare.
Nor exile or danger can fright a brave spirit. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To affright; dismay; daunt; intimidate.

FRIGHTEN
Fright"en, v. t. [imp. Frightened; p. pr. & vb. n. Frightening.]
Etym: [See Fright, v. t.]

Defn: To disturb with fear; to throw into a state of alarm or fright;
to affright; to terrify.
More frightened than hurt. Old Proverb.

FRIGHTFUL
Fright"ful, a.

1. Full of fright; affrighted; frightened. [Obs.]
See how the frightful herds run from the wood. W. Browne.

2. Full of that which causes fright; exciting alarm; impressing
terror; shocking; as, a frightful chasm, or tempest; a frightful
appearance.

Syn.
 -- Terrible; dreadful; alarming; fearful; terrific; awful; horrid;
horrible; shocking.
 -- Frightful, Dreadful, Awful. These words all express fear. In
frightful, it is a sudden emotion; in dreadful, it is deeper and more
prolonged; in awful, the fear is mingled with the emotion of awe,
which subdues us before the presence of some invisible power. An
accident may be frightful; the approach of death is dreadful to most
men; the convulsions of the earthquake are awful.

FRIGHTFULLY
Fright"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In a frightful manner; to a frightful dagree.

FRIGHTFULNESS
Fright"ful*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being frightful.

FRIGHTLESS
Fright"less, a.

Defn: Free from fright; fearless. [Obs.]

FRIGHTMENT
Fright"ment, n.

Defn: Fear; terror. [Obs.]

FRIGID
Frig"id, a. Etym: [L. frigidus, fr. frigere to be cold; prob. akin to
Gr. Frill.]

1. Cold; wanting heat or warmth; of low temperature; as, a frigid
climate.

2. Wanting warmth, fervor, ardor, fire, vivacity, etc.; unfeeling;
forbidding in manner; dull and unanimated; stiff and formal; as, a
frigid constitution; a frigid style; a frigid look or manner; frigid
obedience or service.

3. Wanting natural heat or vigor sufficient to excite the generative
power; impotent. Johnson. Frigid zone, that part of the earth which
lies between either polar circle and its pole. It extends 23Arctic.

FRIGIDARIUM
Frig"i*da`ri*um, n.; pl. Frigidaria. Etym: [L., neut. of frigidarium
cooling.]

Defn: The cooling room of the Roman thermæ, furnished with a cold
bath.

FRIGIDITY
Fri*gid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. frigiditas: cf. F. frigidité.]

1. The condition or quality of being frigid; coldness; want of
warmth.
Ice is water congealed by the frigidity of the air. Sir T. Browne.

2. Want of ardor, animation, vivacity, etc.; coldness of affection or
of manner; dullness; stiffness and formality; as, frigidity of a
reception, of a bow, etc.

3. Want of heat or vigor; as, the frigidity of old age.

FRIGIDLY
Frig"id*ly, adv.

Defn: In a frigid manner; coldly; dully; without affection.

FRIGIDNESS
Frig"id*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being frigid; want of heat, vigor, or affection;
coldness; dullness.

FRIGORIFIC; FRIGORIFICAL
Frig"o*rif"ic, Frig"o*rif`ic*al a. Etym: [L. frigorificus; frigus,
frigoris, cold + facere to make: cf. F. frigorifique.]

Defn: Causing cold; producing or generating cold. Quincy.

FRIJOL; FRIJOLE; FREJOL
Fri"jol, Fri"jole, n.; pl. Frijoles. Also Fre"jol. [Sp. fríjol,
fréjol.]

1. In Mexico, the southwestern United States, and the West Indies,
any cultivated bean of the genus Phaseolus, esp. the black seed of a
variety of P. vulgaris.

2.  The beanlike seed of any of several related plants, as the
cowpea. Frijoles are an important article of diet among Spanish-
American peoples, being used as an ingredient of many dishes.

FRILL
Frill, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Frilling.] Etym:
[OF. friller, fr. L. frigidulus somewhat cold, dim. of frigidus cold;
akin to F. frileux chilly.]

1. To shake or shiver as with cold; as, the hawk frills. Johnson.

2. (Photog.)

Defn: To wrinkle; -- said of the gelatin film.

FRILL
Frill, v. t.

Defn: To provide or decorate with a frill or frills; to turn back. in
crimped plaits; as, to frill a cap.

FRILL
Frill, n. Etym: [See Frill, v. i.]. (Zoöl.)
(a) A ruffing of a bird's feathers from cold.
(b) A ruffle, consisting of a fold of membrane, of hairs, or of
feathers, around the neck of an animal. See Frilled lizard (below).
(c) A similar ruffle around the legs or other appendages of animals.
(d) A ruffled varex or fold on certain shells.

2. A border or edging secured at one edge and left free at the other,
usually fluted or crimped like a very narrow flounce.

FRILLED
Frilled, a.

Defn: Furnished with a frill or frills. Frilled lizard (Zoöl.), a
large Australian lizard (Chlamydosaurus Kingii) about three feet
long, which has a large, erectile frill on each side of the neck.

FRIM
Frim, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. freme good, bold, and E. frame.]

Defn: Flourishing; thriving; fresh; in good case; vigorous. [Obs.]
"Frim pastures." Drayton.

FRIMAIRE
Fri"maire`, n. Etym: [F., fr. frimas hoarfrost.]

Defn: The third month of the French republican calendar. It commenced
November 21, and ended December 20., See Vendémiaire.

FRINGE
Fringe, n. Etym: [OF, fringe, F. frange, prob. fr. L. fimbria fiber,
thread, fringe, cf. fibra fiber, E. fiber, fimbriate.]

1. An ornamental appendage to the border of a piece of stuff,
originally consisting of the ends of the warp, projecting beyond the
woven fabric; but more commonly made separate and sewed on,
consisting sometimes of projecting ends, twisted or plaited together,
and sometimes of loose threads of wool, silk, or linen, or narrow
strips of leather, or the like.

2. Something resembling in any respect a fringe; a line of objects
along a border or edge; a border; an edging; a margin; a confine.
The confines of grace and the fringes of repentance. Jer. Taylor.

3. (Opt.)

Defn: One of a number of light or dark bands, produced by the
interference of light; a diffraction band; -- called also
interference fringe.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: The peristome or fringelike appendage of the capsules of most
mosses. See Peristome. Fringe tree (Bot.), a small tree (Chionanthus
Virginica), growing in the Southern United States, and having snow-
white flowers, with long pendulous petals.

FRINGE
Fringe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fringed; p. pr. & vb. a. Fringing.]

Defn: To adorn the edge of with a fringe or as with a fringe.
Precipices fringed with grass. Bryant.
Fringing reef. See Coral reefs, under Coral.

FRINGED
Fringed, a.

Defn: Furnished with a fringe. Fringed lear (Bot.), a leaf edged with
soft parallel hairs.

FRINGELESS
Fringe"less, a.

Defn: Having no fringe.

FRINGENT
Frin"gent, a.

Defn: Encircling like a fringe; bordering. [R.] "The fringent air."
Emerson.

FRINGE TREE
Fringe tree.

Defn: A small oleaceous tree (Chionanthus virginica), of the southern
United States, having clusters of white flowers with slender petals.
It is often cultivated.

FRINGILLA
Frin*gil"la, a. Etym: [NL., fr. L. fringilla a chaffinch.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds, with a short, conical, pointed bill. It
formerly included all the sparrows and finches, but is now restricted
to certain European finches, like the chaffinch and brambling.

FRINGILLACEOUS
Frin`gil*la"ceous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Fringilline.

FRINGILLINE
Frin*gil"line, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the family Fringillidæ; characteristic of
finches; sparrowlike.

FRINGY
Frin"gy, a.

Defn: Aborned with fringes. Shak.

FRIPPER
Frip"per, n. Etym: [F. fripier, fr. friper to rumple, fumble, waste.]

Defn: One who deals in frippery or in old clothes. [Obs.] Bacon.

FRIPPERER
Frip"per*er, n.

Defn: A fripper. [Obs.] Johnson.

FRIPPERY
Frip"per*y, n. Etym: [F. friperie, fr. fruper. See Fripper.]

1. Coast-off clothes. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. Hence: Secondhand finery; cheap and tawdry decoration; affected
elegance.
Fond of gauze and French frippery. Goldsmith.
The gauzy frippery of a French translation. Sir W. Scott.

3. A place where old clothes are sold. Shak.

4. The trade or traffic in old clothes.

FRIPPERY
Frip"per*y, a.

Defn: Trifling; contemptible.

FRISETTE; FRIZETTE
Fri*sette", Fri*zette", n. [F. frisette curl.]

Defn: a fringe of hair or curls worn about the forehead by women.

FRISEUR
Fri"seur, n. Etym: [F., fr. friser to curl, frizzle. See Frizzle.]

Defn: A hairdresser.

FRISIAN
Fri"sian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Friesland, a province of the Netherlands;
Friesic.

FRISIAN
Fri"sian, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Friesland; also, the language spoken
in Friesland. See Friesic, n.

FRISK
Frisk, a. Etym: [OF. frieque, cf. OHG. frise lively, brisk, fresh,
Dan. & Sw. frisk, Icel. friskr. See Fresh, a.]

Defn: Lively; brisk; frolicsome; frisky. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

FRISK
Frisk, a.

Defn: A frolic; a fit of wanton gayety; a gambol: a little playful
skip or leap. Johnson.

FRISK
Frisk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frisked; p. pr. & vb. n. Frisking.]

Defn: To leap, skip, dance, or gambol, in fronc and gayety.
The frisking satyrs on the summits danced. Addison.

FRISKAL
Frisk"al, n.

Defn: A leap or caper. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

FRISKER
Frisker, n.

Defn: One who frisks; one who leaps of dances in gayety; a wanton; an
inconstant or unsettled person. Camden.

FRISKET
Fris"ket, n. Etym: [F. frisguette. Perh. so named from the velocity
or frequency of its motion. See Frisk a.] (Print.)

Defn: The light frame which holds the sheet of paper to the tympan in
printing.

FRISKFUL
Frisk"ful, a.

Defn: Brisk; lively; frolicsome.

FRISKILY
Frisk"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a frisky manner.

FRISKINESS
Frisk"i*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being frisky.

FRISKY
Frisk"y, a.

Defn: Inclined to frisk; frolicsome; gay.
He is too frisky for an old man. Jeffrey.

FRISLET
Fris"let, n.

Defn: [Fraise a kind of defense; also Friz.) A kind of small ruffle.
Halliwell.

FRIST
Frist, v. t. Etym: [OE. fristen, firsten, to lend, give respite,
postpone, AS. firstan to give respite to; akin to first time, G.
frist, Icel. frest delay.]

Defn: To sell upon credit, as goods. [R.] Crabb.

FRISURE
Fri"sure`, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The dressing of the hair by crisping or curling. Smollett.

FRIT
Frit, n. Etym: [F. fritte, fr. frit fried, p. p. of frire to fry. See
Far, v. t.]

1. (Glass Making)

Defn: The material of which glass is made, after having been calcined
or partly fused in a furnace, but before vitrification. It is a
composition of silex and alkali, occasionally with other ingredients.
Ure.

2. (Ceramics)

Defn: The material for glaze of pottery. Frit brick, a lump of
calcined glass materials, brought to a pasty condition in a
reverberatory furnace, preliminary to the perfect vitrification in
the melting pot.

FRIT
Frit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fritted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fritting.]

Defn: To prepare by heat (the materials for making glass); to fuse
partially. Ure.

FRIT
Frit, v. t.

Defn: To fritter; -- with away. [R.] Ld. Lytton.

FRITFLY
Frit"fly`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small dipterous fly of the genus Oscinis, esp. O. vastator,
injurious to grain in Europe, and O. Trifole, injurious to clover in
America.

FRITH
Frith, n. Etym: [OE. firth, Icel. fjör; akin to Sw. fjärd, Dan.
fiord, E. ford. sq. root78. See Ford, n., and cf. Firth, Fiord, Fret
a frith, Port a harbor.]

1. (Geog.)

Defn: A narrow arm of the sea; an estuary; the opening of a river
into the sea; as, the Frith of Forth.

2. A kind of weir for catching fish. [Eng.] Carew.

FRITH
Frith, n. Etym: [OE. frith peace, protection, land inclosed for
hunting, park, forest, AS. fri peace; akin to freno peace,
protection, asylum, G. friede peace, Icel. fri, and from the root of
E. free, friend. See Free, a., and cf. Affray, Defray.]

1. A forest; a woody place. [Obs.] Drayton.

2. A small field taken out of a common, by inclosing it; an
inclosure. [Obs.] Sir J. Wynne.

FRITHY
Frith"y, a.

Defn: Woody. [Obs.] Skelton.

FRITILLARIA
Frit"il*la`ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. fritillus dicebox: cf. F.
fritillaire. So named from the checkered markings of the petals.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of liliaceous plants, of which the crown-imperial
(Fritillaria imperialis) is one species, and the Guinea-hen flower
(F. Meleagris) another. See Crown-imperial.

FRITILLARY
Frit"il*la*ry, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant with checkered petals, of the genus Fritillaria: the
Guinea-hen flower. See Fritillaria.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of butterflies belonging to Argynnis and
allied genera; -- so called because the coloring of their wings
resembles that of the common Fritillaria. See Aphrodite.

FRITINANCY
Frit"i*nan*cy, n. Etym: [L. fritinnire to twitter.]

Defn: A chirping or creaking, as of a cricket. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

FRITTER
Frit"ter, n. Etym: [OR. fritour, friture, pancake, F. friture frying,
a thing fried, from frire to fry. See Far, v. t.]

1. A small quantity of batter, fried in boiling lard or in a frying
pan. Fritters are of various kinds, named from the substance inclosed
in the batter; as, apple fritters, clam fritters, oyster fritters.

2. A fragment; a shred; a small piece.
And cut whole giants into fritters. Hudibras.
Corn fritter. See under Corn.

FRITTER
Frit"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frittered; p. pr. & vb. n. Frittering.]

1. To cut, as meat, into small pieces, for frying.

2. To break into small pieces or fragments.
Break all nerves, and fritter all their sense. Pope.
To fritter away, to diminish; to pare off; to reduce to nothing by
taking away a little at a time; also, to waste piecemeal; as, to
fritter away time, strength, credit, etc.

FRITTING
Frit"ting, n. Etym: [See Frit to expose to heat.]

Defn: The formation of frit or slag by heat with but incipient
fusion.

FRIVOL
Friv"ol, v. i.

Defn: To act frivolously; to trifle. Kipling. -- Friv"ol*er (#),
Friv"ol*ler, n. [All Colloq.]

FRIVOLISM
Friv"o*lism, n.

Defn: Frivolity. [R.] Pristley.

FRIVOLITY
Fri*vol"i*ty, n.; pl. Frivolities. Etym: [Cg. F. frivolité. See
Frivolous.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being frivolous; also, acts or
habits of trifling; unbecoming levity of disposition.

FRIVOLOUS
Friv"o*lous, a. Etym: [L. frivolus; prob. akin to friare to rub,
crumble, E. friable: cf. F. frivole.]

1. Of little weight or importance; not worth notice; slight; as, a
frivolous argument. Swift.

2. Given to trifling; marked with unbecoming levity; silly;
interested especially in trifling matters.
His personal tastes were low and frivolous. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Trifling; trivial; slight; petty; worthless.
 -- Friv"o*lous*ly, adv.
 -- Friv"o*lous*ness, n.

FRIZ
Friz, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frizzed; p. pr. & vb. n. Frizzing.] Etym:
[Cf. F. friser to curl, crisp, frizzle, to raise the nap (on certain
stuffs); prob.akin to OFries. frisle hair of the head. Cf. Frieze
kind of cloth.] [Written also frizz.]

1. To curl or form into small curls, as hair, with a crisping pin; to
crisp.
With her hair frizzed short up to her ears. Pepys.

2. To form into little burs, prominences, knobs, or tufts, as the nap
of cloth.

3. (Leather Manufacture)

Defn: To soften and make of even thickness by rubbing, as with pumice
stone or a blunt instrument. Frizzing machine. (a) (Fabrics) A
machine for frizzing the surface of cloth. (b) (Wood Working) A bench
with a revolving cutter head slightly protruding above its surface,
for dressing boards.

FRIZ
Friz, n.; pl. Frizzes (.

Defn: That which is frizzed; anything crisped or curled, as a wig; a
frizzle. [Written also frizz.]
He [Dr. Johnson], who saw in his glass how his wig became his face
and head, might easily infer that a similar fullbottomed, well-curled
friz of words would be no less becoming to his thoughts. Hare.

FRIZE
Frize, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See 1st Frieze.

FRIZEL
Friz"el, a. (Firearms)

Defn: A movable furrowed piece of steel struck by the flint, to throw
sparks into the pan, in an early form of flintlock. Knight.

FRIZETTE
Fri*zette", n. Etym: [F. frisette curl.]

Defn: A curl of hair or silk; a pad of frizzed hair or silk worn by
women under the hair to stuff it out.

FRIZZ
Frizz, v. t. & n.

Defn: See Friz, v. t. & n.

FRIZZLE
Friz"zle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frizzled; p. pr. & vb. n. Frizzling.]
Etym: [Dim. of friz.]

Defn: To curl or crisp, as hair; to friz; to crinkle. Gay. To frizzle
up, to crinkle or crisp excessively.

FRIZZLE
Friz"zle, n.

Defn: A curl; a lock of hair crisped. Milton.

FRIZZLER
Friz"zler`, n.

Defn: One who frizzles.

FRIZZLY; FRIZZY
Friz"zly, Friz"zy, a.

Defn: Curled or crisped; as, frizzly, hair.

FRO
Fro, adv. Etym: [OE. fra, fro, adv. & prep., Icel. fr, akin to Dan.
fra from, E. from. See From.]

Defn: From; away; back or backward; -- now used only in oppositionto
the word to, in the phrase to and fro, that is, to and from. See To
and fro under To. Millon.

FRO
Fro, prep.

Defn: From. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FROCK
Frock, n. Etym: [F. froc a monk's cowl, coat, garment, LL. frocus,
froccus, flocus, floccus, fr. L. floccus a flock of wool; hence
orig., a flocky cloth or garment;cf. L. flaccus flabby, E. flaccid.]

1. A loose outer garment; especially, a gown forming a part of
European modern costume for women and children; also, a coarse
hirtlike garment worn by some workmen over their ther clothes; a
smock frock; as, a marketman's frock.

2. A coarse gown worn by monks or friars, and supposed to take the
place of all, or nearly all, other garments. It has a hood which can
be drawn over the head at pleasure, and is girded by a cord. Frock
coat, a body coat for men, usually doublebreasted, the skirts not
being in one piece with the body, but sewed on so as to be somewhat
full.
 -- Smock frock. See in the Vocabulary.

FROCK
Frock, v. t.

1. To clothe in a frock.

2. To make a monk of. Cf. Unfrock.

FROCKED
Frocked, a.

Defn: Clothed in a frock.

FROCKLESS
Frock"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a frock.

FROE
Froe, n. Etym: [See Frow.]

Defn: A dirty woman; a slattern; a frow. [Obs.] "Raging frantic
froes." Draylon.

FROE
Froe, n. Etym: [See Frow the tool]

Defn: An iron cleaver or splitting tool; a frow. [U. S.] Bartlett.

FROEBELIAN
Froe*bel"i*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, Friedrich Froebel, or the
kindergarten system of education, which he organized. -- n.

Defn: One who teaches by, or advocates the use of, the kindergarten
system.

FROG
Frog, n. Etym: [AS. froggu, frocga a frog (in sensel); akin to D.
vorsch, OHG. frosk, G. frosch, Icel. froskr, fraukr, Sw. & Dan. frö.]

Defn: 1. (Zoöl.) An amphibious animal of the genus Rana and related
genera, of many species. Frogs swim rapidly, and take long leaps on
land. Many of the species utter loud notes in the springtime.

Note: The edible frog of Europe (Rana esculenta) is extensively used
as food; the American bullfrog (R. Catesbiana) is remarkable for its
great size and loud voice.

2. Etym: [Perh. akin to E. fork, cf. frush frog of a horse.] (Anat.)

Defn: The triangular prominence of the hoof, in the middle of the
sole of the foot of the horse, and other animals; the fourchette.

3. (Railroads)

Defn: A supporting plate having raised ribs that form continuations
of the rails, to guide the wheels where one track branches from
another or crosses it.

4. Etym: [Cf. fraco of wool or silk, L. floccus, E. frock.]

Defn: An oblong cloak button, covered with netted thread, and
fastening into a loop instead of a button hole.

5. The loop of the scabbard of a bayonet or sword. Cross frog
(Railroads), a frog adapted for tracks that cross at right angles.
 -- Frog cheese, a popular name for a large puffball.
 -- Frog eater, one who eats frogs; -- a term of contempt applied to
a Frenchman by the vulgar class of English.
 -- Frog fly. (Zoöl.) See Frog hopper.
 -- Frog hopper (Zoöl.), a small, leaping, hemipterous insect living
on plants. The larvæ are inclosed are frothy liquid called cuckoo
spit or frog spit.
 -- Frog lily (Bot.), the yellow water lily (Nuphar).
 -- Frog spit (Zoöl.), the frothy exudation of the frog hopper; --
called also frog spittle. See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo.

FROG
Frog, v. t.

Defn: To ornament or fasten (a coat, etc.) with trogs. See Frog, n.,
4.

FROGBIT
Frog"bit`, n. (Bot.)
(a) A European plant (Hydrocharis Morsus-ranæ), floating on still
water and propagating itself by runners. It has roundish leaves and
small white flowers.
(b) An American plant (Limnobium Spongia), with similar habits.

FROG-EYED
Frog"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Spotted with whitish specks due to a disease, or produced
artificially by spraying; -- said of tobacco used for cigar wrappers.

FROGFISH
Frog"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) See Angler, n., 2.
(b) An oceanic fish of the genus Antennarius or Pterophrynoides; --
called also mousefish and toadfish.

FROGGED
Frogged, a.

Defn: Provided or ornamented with frogs; as, a frogged coat. See
Frog, n., 4. Ld. Lytton.

FROGGY
Frog"gy, a.

Defn: Abounding in frogs. Sherwood.

FROGMOUTH
Frog"mouth`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of Asiatic and East Indian birds of the
genus Batrachostomus (family Podargidæ); -- so called from their very
broad, flat bills.

FROGS-BIT
Frog"s`-bit", n. (Bot.)

Defn: Frogbit.

FROGSHELL
Frog"shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of numerous species of marine gastropod shells, belonging
to Ranella and allied genera.

FROISE
Froise, n. Etym: [OE. froise cf. F. froisser to bruise, E. frush to
bruise,]

Defn: A kind of pancake. See 1st Fraise. [Written also fraise.]

FROLIC
Frol"ic, a. Etym: [D. vroolijk; akin to G. frölich, fr. froh, OHG.
fr, Dan. fro, OS. fr, cf. Icel. fr swift; all perh. akin to Skr. pru
to spring up.]

Defn: Full of levity; dancing, playing, or frisking about; full of
pranks; frolicsome; gay; merry.
The frolic wind that breathes the spring. Milton.
The gay, the frolic, and the loud. Waller.

FROLIC
Frol"ic, n.

1. A wild prank; a flight of levity, or of gayety and mirth.
He would be at his frolic once again. Roscommon.

2. A scene of gayety and mirth, as in lively play, or in dancing; a
merrymaking.

FROLIC
Frol"ic, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frolicked; p. pr. & vb. n. Frolicking.]

Defn: To play wild pranks; to play tricks of levity, mirth, and
gayety; to indulge in frolicsome play; to sport.
Hither, come hither, and frolic and play. Tennyson.

FROLICFUL
Frol"ic*ful, a.

Defn: Frolicsome. [R.]

FROLICKY
Frol"ick*y, a.

Defn: Frolicsome. [Obs.] Richardson.

FROLICLY
Frol"ic*ly, adv.

Defn: In a frolicsome manner; with mirth and gayety. [Obs.] Beau. &
Fl.

FROLICSOME
Frol"ic*some, a.

Defn: Full of gayety and mirth; given to pranks; sportive.
Old England, who takes a frolicsome brain fever once every two or
three years, for the benefit of her doctors. Sir W. Scott.
-- Frol"ic*some*ly, adv.
 -- Frol"ic*some*ness, n.

FROM
From, prep. Etym: [AS. fram, from; akin to OS. fram out, OHG. & Icel.
fram forward, Sw. fram, Dan. frem, Goth. fram from, prob. akin to E.
forth. Fro, Foremost.]

Defn: Out of the neighborhood of; lessening or losing proximity to;
leaving behind; by reason of; out of; by aid of; -- used whenever
departure, setting out, commencement of action, being, state,
occurrence, etc., or procedure, emanation, absence, separation, etc.,
are to be expressed. It is construed with, and indicates, the point
of space or time at which the action, state, etc., are regarded as
setting out or beginning; also, less frequently, the source, the
cause, the occasion, out of which anything proceeds; -- the
aritithesis and correlative of to; as, it, is one hundred miles from
Boston to Springfield; he took his sword from his side; light
proceeds from the sun; separate the coarse wool from the fine; men
have all sprung from Adam, and often go from good to bad, and from
bad to worse; the merit of an action depends on the principle from
which it proceeds; men judge of facts from personal knowledge, or
from testimony.
Experience from the time past to the time present. Bacon.
The song began from Jove. Drpden.
From high Mæonia's rocky shores I came. Addison.
If the wind blow any way from shore. Shak.

Note: From sometimes denotes away from, remote from, inconsistent
with. "Anything so overdone is from the purpose of playing." Shak.
From, when joined with another preposition or an adverb, gives an
opportunity for abbreviating the sentence. "There followed him great
multitudes of people . . . from [the land] beyond Jordan." Math. iv.
25. In certain constructions, as from forth, from out, etc., the
ordinary and more obvious arrangment is inverted, the sense being
more distinctly forth from, out from -- from being virtually the
governing preposition, and the word the adverb. See From off, under
Off, adv., and From afar, under Afar, adv.
Sudden partings such as press The life from out young hearts. Byron.

FROMWARD; FROMWARDS
From"ward, From"wards, prep. Etym: [AS. framweard about to depart.
Cf. Froward]

Defn: A way from; -- the contrary of toward. [Obs.]
Towards or fromwards the zenith. Cheyne.

FROND
Frond, n. Etym: [L. frons, frondis, a leafy branch, foliage.] (Bot.)

Defn: The organ formed by the combination or union into one body of
stem and leaf, and often bearing the fructification; as, the frond of
a fern or of a lichen or seaweed; also, the peculiar leaf of a palm
tree.

FRONDATION
Fron*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. frondatio, from frons. See Frond.]

Defn: The act of stripping, as trees, of leaves or branches; a kind
of pruning. Evelyn.

FRONDE
Fronde, n. Etym: [F.] (F. Hist.)

Defn: A political party in France, during the minority of Louis XIV.,
who opposed the government, and made war upon the court party.

FRONDED
Frond"ed, a.

Defn: Furnished with fronds. "Fronded palms." Whittier.

FRONDENT
Fron"dent, a. Etym: [L. frondens, p. pr. of frondere to put forth
leaves. See Frond.]

Defn: Covered with leaves; leafy; as, a frondent tree. [R.]

FRONDESCE
Fron*desce", v. i. Etym: [L. frondescere, inchoative fr. frondere.
See Frondent.]

Defn: To unfold leaves, as plants.

FRONDESCENCE
Fron*des"cence, n. (Bot.)
(a) The time at which each species of plants unfolds its leaves.
(b) The act of bursting into leaf. Milne. Martyn.

FRONDEUR
Fron"deur`, n. Etym: [F.] (F. Hist.)

Defn: A member of the Fronde.

FRONDIFEROUS
Fron*dif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. frondifer frons a leafy branch + ferre
to bear: cf. F. frondifere.]

Defn: Producing fronds.

FRONDLET
Frond"let, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A very small frond, or distinct portion of a compound frond.

FRONDOSE
Fron*dose", a. Etym: [L. frondosus leafy.] (Bot.)
(a) Frond bearing; resembling a frond; having a simple expansion not
separable into stem and leaves.
(b) Leafy. Gray.

FRONDOUS
Fron"dous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Frondose. [R.]

FRONS
Frons, n. Etym: [L., front.] (Anal.)

Defn: The forehead; the part of the cranium between the orbits and
the vertex.

FRONT
Front, n. Etym: [F. frant forehead, L. frons, frontis; perh. akin to
E. brow.]

1. The forehead or brow, the part of the face above the eyes;
sometimes, also, the whole face.
Bless'd with his father's front, his mother's tongue. Pope.
Grim-visaged war hath smoothed his wrinkled front. Shak.
His front yet threatens, and his frowns command. Prior.

2. The forehead, countenance, or personal presence, as expressive of
character or temper, and especially, of boldness of disposition,
sometimes of impudence; seeming; as, a bold front; a hardened front.
With smiling fronts encountering. Shak.
The inhabitants showed a bold front. Macaulay.

3. The part or surface of anything which seems to look out, or to be
directed forward; the fore or forward part; the foremost rank; the
van; -- the opposite to back or rear; as, the front of a house; the
front of an army.
Had he his hurts before Ay, on the front. Shak.

4. A position directly before the face of a person, or before the
foremost part of a thing; as, in front of un person, of the troops,
or of a house.

5. The most conspicuous part.
The very head and front of my offending. Shak.

6. That which covers the foremost part of the head: a front piece of
false hair worn by women.
Like any plain Miss Smith's, who wears s front. Mrs. Browning.

7. The beginning. "Summer's front." Shak. Bastioned front (Mil.), a
curtain connerting two half bastions.
 -- Front door, the door in the front wall of a building, usually the
principal entrance.
 -- Front of fortification, the works constructed upon any one side
of a polygon. Farrow.
 -- Front of operations, all that part of the field of operations in
front of the successive positions occupied by the army as it moves
forward. Farrow.
 -- To come to the front, to attain prominence or leadership.

FRONT
Front, a.

Defn: Of or relating to the front or forward part; having a position
in front; foremost; as, a front view.

FRONT
Front, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fronted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fronting.]

1. To oppose face to face; to oppose directly; to meet in a hostile
manner.
You four shall front them in the narrow lane. Shak.

2. To appear before; to meet.
[Enid] daily fronted him In some fresh splendor. Tennyson.

3. To face toward; to have the front toward; to confront; as, the
house fronts the street.
And then suddenly front the changed reality. J. Morley.

4. To stand opposed or opposite to, or over against as, his house
fronts the church.

5. To adorn in front; to supply a front to; as, to front a house with
marble; to front a head with laurel.
Yonder walls, that pertly front your town. Shak.

FRONT
Front, v. t.

Defn: To have or turn the face or front in any direction; as, the
house fronts toward the east.

FRONTAGE
Front"age, n.

Defn: The front part of an edifice or lot; extent of front.

FRONTAL
Fron"tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. frontal.]

Defn: Belonging to the front part; being in front; esp. (Anat.),

Defn: Of or pertaining to the forehead or the anterior part of the
roof of the brain case; as, the frontal bones.

FRONTAL
Fron"tal, n. Etym: [F. frontal, fronteau, OF. Frontel, frontal, L.
frontale an ornament for the forehead, frontlet. See Front.]

1. Something worn on the forehead or face; a frontlet; as:
(a) An ornamental band for the hair.
(b) (Mil.) The metal face guard of a soldier.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A little pediment over a door or window.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: A movable, decorative member in metal, carved wood, or,
commonly, in rich stuff or in embroidery, covering the front of the
altar. Frontals are usually changed according to the different
ceremonies.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A medicament or application for the forehead. [Obs.] Quincy.

5. (Anat.)

Defn: The frontal bone, or one of the two frontal bones, of the
cranium. Frontal hammer or helve, a forge hammer lifted by a cam,
acting upon a "tongue" immediately in front of the hammer head.
Raymond.

FRONTATE; FRONTATED
Fron"tate, Fronta*ted, a.

Defn: Growing broader and broader, as a leaf; truncate.

FRONTED
Front"ed, a.

Defn: Formed with a front; drawn up in line. "Fronted brigades."
Milton.

FRONTIER
Fron"tier, n. Etym: [F. frontière, LL. frontaria. See Front.]

1. That part of a country which fronts or faces another country or an
unsettled region; the marches; the border, confine, or extreme part
of a country, bordering on another country; the border of the settled
and cultivated part of a country; as, the frontier of civilization.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: An outwork. [Obs.]
Palisadoes, frontiers, parapets. Shak.

FRONTIER
Fron"tier, a.

1. Lying on the exterior part; bordering; conterminous; as, a
frontier town.

2. Of or relating to a frontier. "Frontier experience." W. Irving.

FRONTIER
Fron"tier, v. i.

Defn: To constitute or form a frontier; to have a frontier; -- with
on. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

FRONTIERED
Fron"tiered, p. a.

Defn: Placed on the frontiers. [R.]

FRONTIERSMAN
Fron"tiers*man, n.; pl. Frontiersmen.

Defn: A man living on the frontier.

FRONTIGNAC; FRONTIGNAN
Fron`ti*gnac", Fron`ti`gnan" (, n. Etym: [So called from Frontignan,
a town in Southern France.]

1. A sweet muscadine wine made in Frontignan (Languedoc), France.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A grape of many varieties and colors.

FRONTINGLY
Front"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a fronting or facing position; opposingly.

FRONTINIAC
Fron`tin*iac", n.

Defn: See Frontignac.

FRONTISPIECE
Fron"tis*piece, n. Etym: [F. frontispice, LL. frontispicium
beginning, front of a church, fr. L. frons front + spicere, specere,
to look at, view: cf. It. frontispizio. See Front and Spy.]

Defn: The part which first meets the eye; as:
(a) (Arch.) The principal front of a building. [Obs. or R.]
(b) An ornamental figure or illustration fronting the first page, or
titlepage, of a book; formerly, the titlepage itself.

FRONTLESS
Front"less, a.

Defn: Without face or front; shameless; not diffident; impudent.
[Obs.] "Frontless vice." Dryden. "Frontless flattery." Pope.

FRONTLESSLY
Front"less*ly, adv.

Defn: Shamelessly; impudently. [Obs.]

FRONTLET
Front"let, n. Etym: [OF. frontelet brow band, dim. of frontel,
frontal. See Frontal, n.]

1. A frontal or brow band; a fillet or band worn on the forehead.
They shall be as frontlets between thine eyes. Deut. vi. 8.

2. A frown (likened to a frontlet). [R. & Poetic]
What makes that frontlet on Methinks you are too much of late i' the
frown. Shak.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The margin of the head, behind the bill of birds, often bearing
rigid bristles.

FRONTO-
Fron"to-. Etym: [L. frons, frontis, the forehead.] (Anat.)

Defn: A combining form signifying relating to the forehead or the
frontal bone; as, fronto-parietal, relating to the frontal and the
parietal bones; fronto-nasal, etc.

FRONTON
Fron`ton", n. Etym: [F., a pediment. See Front.] (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Frontal, 2.

FROPPISH
Frop"pish, a. Etym: [Cf. Frap, Frape.]

Defn: Peevish; froward. [Obs.] Clarendon.

FRORE
Frore, adv. Etym: [See Frorn.]

Defn: Frostily. [Obs.]
The parching air Burns frore, and cold performs the effect of fire.
Milton.

FRORN
Frorn, p. a. Etym: [AS. froren, p. p. of freósun to freeze. See
Freeze.]

Defn: Frozen. [Obs.]
Well nigh frorn I feel. Spenser.

FRORY
Fro"ry, a. Etym: [AS. freórig. See Frorn.]

1. Frozen; stiff with cold. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Covered with a froth like hoarfrost. [Archaic]
The foaming steed with frory bit to steer. Fairfax.

FROST
Frost, n. Etym: [OE. frost, forst, AS. forst, frost. fr. freósan to
freeze; akin to D. varst, G., OHG., Icel., Dan., & Sw. frost. *18.
See Freeze, v. i.]

1. The act of freezing; -- applied chiefly to the congelation of
water; congelation of fluids.

2. The state or temperature of the air which occasions congelation,
or the freezing of water; severe cold or freezing weather.
The third bay comes a frost, a killing frost. Shak.

3. Frozen dew; -- called also hoarfrost or white frost.
He scattereth the frost like ashes. Ps. cxlvii. 16.

4. Coldness or insensibility; severity or rigidity of character. [R.]
It was of those moments of intense feeling when the frost of the
Scottish people melts like a snow wreath. Sir W. Scott.
Black frost, cold so intense as to freeze vegetation and cause it to
turn black, without the formation of hoarfrost.
 -- Frost bearer (Physics), a philosophical instrument illustrating
the freezing of water in a vacuum; a cryophous.
 -- Frost grape (Bot.), an American grape, with very small, acid
berries.
 -- Frost lamp, a lamp placed below the oil tube of an Argand lamp to
keep the oil limpid on cold nights; -- used especially in
lighthouses. Knight.
 -- Frost nail, a nail with a sharp head driven into a horse's shoe
to keen him from slipping.
 -- Frost smoke, an appearance resembling smoke, caused by
congelation of vapor in the atmosphere in time of severe cold.
The brig and the ice round her are covered by a strange black
obscurity: it is the frost smoke of arctic winters. Kane.
-- Frost valve, a valve to drain the portion of a pipe, hydrant,
pump, etc., where water would be liable to freeze.
 -- Jack Frost, a popular personification of frost.

FROST
Frost, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frostted; p. pr. & vb. n. Frosting.]

1. To injure by frost; to freeze, as plants.

2. To cover with hoarfrost; to produce a surface resembling frost
upon, as upon cake, metals, or glass.
While with a hoary light she frosts the ground. Wordsworth.

3. To roughen or sharpen, as the nail heads or calks of horseshoes,
so as to fit them for frosty weather.

FROSTBIRD
Frost"bird, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The golden plover.

FROSTBITE
Frost"bite, n.

Defn: The freezing, or effect of a freezing, of some part of the
body, as the ears or nose. Kane.

FROSTBITE
Frost`bite", v. t.

Defn: To expose to the effect of frost, or a frosty air; to blight or
nip with frost.
My wife up and with Mrs. Pen to walk in the fields to frostbite
themselves. Pepys.

FROST-BITTEN
Frost`-bit"ten, p. a.

Defn: Nipped, withered, or injured, by frost or freezing.

FROST-BLITE
Frost`-blite", n. (Bot.)
(a) A plant of the genus Atriplex; orache. Gray.
(b) The lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album). Dr. Prior.

FROSTBOW
Frost"bow`, n.

Defn: A white arc or circle in the sky attending frosty weather and
formed by reflection of sunlight from ice crystals floating in the
air; the parhelic circle whose center is at the zenith.

FROSTED
Frost"ed, a.

Defn: Covered with hoarfrost or anything resembling hoarfrost;
ornamented with frosting; also, frost-bitten; as, a frosted cake;
frosted glass.
Frosted work is introduced as a foil or contrast to burnished work.
Knight.

FROSTFISH
Frost`fish", n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The tomcod; -- so called because it is abundant on the New
England coast in autumn at about the commencement of frost. See
Tomcod.
(b) The smelt. [Local, U. S.]
(c) A name applied in New Zealand to the scabbard fish (Lepidotus)
valued as a food fish.

FROSTILY
Frost"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a frosty manner.

FROSTINESS
Frost"i*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being frosty.

FROSTING
Frost"ing, n.

1. A composition of sugar and beaten egg, used to cover or ornament
cake, pudding, etc.

2. A lusterless finish of metal or glass; the process of producing
such a finish.

FROSTLESS
Frost"less, a.

Defn: Free from frost; as, a frostless winter.

FROST SIGNAL
Frost" sig`nal. (Meteor.)

Defn: A signal consisting of a white flag with a black center, used
by the United States Weather Bureau to indicate that a local frost is
expected. It is used only in Florida and along the coasts of the
Pacific and the Gulf Mexico.

FROSTWEED
Frost"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An American species of rockrose (Helianthemum Canadense),
sometimes used in medicine as an astringent or aromatic tonic.

Note: It has large yellow flowers which are often sterile, and later
it has abundant but inconspicuous flowers which bear seed. It is so
called because, late in autumn, crystals of ice shoot from the
cracked bark at the root; -- called also frostwort.

FROSTWORK
Frost`work", n.

Defn: The figurework, often fantastic and delicate, which moisture
sometimes forms in freezing, as upon a window pane or a flagstone.

FROSTWORT
Frost`wort", n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Frostweed.

FROSTY
Frost"y, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. fyrstig.]

1. Attended with, or producing, frost; having power to congeal water;
cold; freezing; as, a frosty night.

2. Covered with frost; as, the grass is frosty.

3. Chill in affection; without warmth of affection or courage.
Johnson.

4. Appearing as if covered with hoarfrost; white; gray-haired; as, a
frosty head. Shak.

FROTE
Frote, v. t. Etym: [F. frotter.]

Defn: To rub or wear by rubbing; to chafe. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

FROTERER
Fro"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who frotes; one who rubs or chafes. [Obs.] Marston.

FROTH
Froth, n. Etym: [OE. frothe, Icel. frotha; akin to Dan. fraade, Sw.
fradga, AS. afreothan to froth.]

1. The bubbles caused in fluids or liquors by fermentation or
agitation; spume; foam; esp., a spume of saliva caused by disease or
nervous excitement.

2. Any empty, senseless show of wit or eloquence; rhetoric without
thought. Johnson.
It was a long speech, but all froth. L'Estrange.

3. Light, unsubstantial matter. Tusser. Froth insect (Zoöl.), the
cuckoo spit or frog hopper; -- called also froth spit, froth worm,
and froth fly.
 -- Froth spit. See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo.

FROTH
Froth, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frothed; p. pr. & vb. n.. Frothing.]

1. To cause to foam.

2. To spit, vent, or eject, as froth.
He . . . froths treason at his mouth. Dryden.
Is your spleen frothed out, or have ye more Tennyson.

3. To cover with froth; as, a horse froths his chain.

FROTH
Froth, v. i.

Defn: To throw up or out spume, foam, or bubbles; to foam; as beer
froths; a horse froths.

FROTHILY
Froth"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a frothy manner.

FROTHINESS
Froth"i*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being frothy.

FROTHING
Froth"ing, n.

Defn: Exaggerated declamation; rant.

FROTHLESS
Froth"less, a.

Defn: Free from froth.

FROTHY
Froth"y, a. [Compar. Frothier; superl. Frothiest.]

1. Full of foam or froth, or consisting of froth or light bubbles;
spumous; foamy.

2. Not firm or solid; soft; unstable. Bacon.

3. Of the nature of froth; light; empty; unsubstantial; as, a frothy
speaker or harangue. Tillotson.

FROUFROU
Frou"frou`, n. [F., of imitative origin.]

Defn: A rustling, esp. the rustling of a woman's dress.

FROUNCE
Frounce, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frounced; p. pr. & vb. n. Frouncing.]
Etym: [OE. frouncen, fronsen, to told, wrinkle, OF. froncier, F.
froncer, perh. fr. an assumed LL. frontiare to wrinkle the forehead,
L. frons forehead. See Front, and cf. Flounce part of a dress.]

Defn: To gather into or adorn with plaits, as a dress; to form
wrinkles in or upon; to curl or frizzle, as the hair.
Not tricked and frounced, as she was wont. Milton.

FROUNCE
Frounce, v. i.

Defn: To form wrinkles in the forehead; to manifest displeasure; to
frown. [Obs.]
The Commons frounced and stormed. Holland.

FROUNCE
Frounce, n.

1. A wrinkle, plait, or curl; a flounce; -- also, a frown. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.

2. An affection in hawks, in which white spittle gathers about the
hawk's bill. Booth.

FROUNCELESS
Frounce"less, a.

Defn: Without frounces. Rom. of R.

FROUZY
Frou"zy, a. Etym: [Prov. E. frouzy froward, peevish, offensive to the
eye or smell; cf. froust a musty smell, frouse to rumple, frouze to
curl, and E. frounce, frowy.]

Defn: Fetid, musty; rank; disordered and offensive to the smell or
sight; slovenly; dingy. See Frowzy. "Petticoats in frouzy heaps."
Swift.

FROW
Frow, n. Etym: [D. vrouw; akin to G. frau woman, wife, goth, fráuja
master, lord, AS. freá.]

1. A woman; especially, a Dutch or German woman. Beau. & Fl.

2. A dirty woman; a slattern. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

FROW
Frow, n. Etym: [Cf. Frower.]

Defn: A cleaving tool with handle at right angles to the blade, for
splitting cask staves and shingles from the block; a frower.

FROW
Frow, a.

Defn: Brittle. [Obs.] Evelyn.

FROWARD
Fro"ward, a. Etym: [Fro + -ward. See Fro, and cf. Fromward.]

Defn: Not willing to yield or compIy with what is required or is
reasonable; perverse; disobedient; peevish; as, a froward child.
A froward man soweth strife. Prov. xvi. 28.
A froward retention of custom is as turbulent a thing as innovation.
Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Untoward; wayward; unyielding; ungovernable: refractory;
obstinate; petulant; cross; peevish. See Perverse.
 -- Fro"ward*ly, adv.
 -- Fro"ward*ness, n.

FROWER
Frow"er, n. Etym: [Cf. frow a frower, and Prov. E, frommard.]

Defn: A tool. See 2d Frow. Tusser.

FROWEY
Frow"ey, a. Etym: [See Frow, a.] (Carp.)

Defn: Working smoothly, or without splitting; -- said of timber.

FROWN
Frown, v. i. [imp. &, p. p. Frowned; p. pr. & vb. n. Frowning.] Etym:
[OF. froignier, F. frogner, in se refrogner, se renfrogner, to knit
the brow, to frown; perh. of Teutonic origin; cf. It. in frigno
wrinkled, frowning, Prov. It. frignare to cringe the face, to make a
wry face, dial. Sw. fryna to make a wry face,]

1. To contract the brow in displeasure, severity, or sternness; to
scowl; to put on a stern, grim, or surly look.
The frowning wrinkle of her brow. Shak.

2. To manifest displeasure or disapprobation; to look with disfavor
or threateningly; to lower; as, polite society frowns upon rudeness.
The sky doth frown and lower upon our army. Shak.

FROWN
Frown, v. t.

Defn: To repress or repel by expressing displeasure or disapproval;
to rebuke with a look; as, frown the impudent fellow into silence.

FROWN
Frown, n.

1. A wrinkling of the face in displeasure, rebuke, etc.; a sour,
severe, or stere look; a scowl.
His front yet threatens, and his frowns command. Prior.
Her very frowns are fairer far Than smiles of other maidens are. H.
Coleridge.

2. Any expression of displeasure; as, the frowns of Providence; the
frowns of Fortune.

FROWNINGLY
Frown"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a frowning manner.

FROWNY
Frown"y, a.

Defn: Frowning; scowling. [Obs.]
Her frowny mother's ragged shoulder. Sir F. Palgrave.

FROWY
Frow"y, a. Etym: [Cf. Frowzy, Frouzy.]

Defn: Musty. rancid; as, frowy butter. "Frowy feed." Spenser

FROWZY
Frow"zy, a. Etym: [See Frouzy.]

Defn: Slovenly; unkempt; untidy; frouzy. "With head all frowzy."
Spenser.
The frowzy soldiers' wives hanging out clothes. W. D. Howells.

FROZE
Froze,

Defn: imp. of Freeze.

FROZEN
Fro"zen, a.

1. Congealed with cold; affected by freezing; as, a frozen brook.
They warmed their frozen feet. Dryden.

2. Subject to frost, or to long and severe cold; chilly; as, the
frozen north; the frozen zones.

3. Cold-hearted; unsympathetic; unyielding. [R.]
Be not ever frozen, coy. T. Carew.

FROZENNESS
Fro"zen*ness, n.

Defn: A state of being frozen.

FRUBISH
Frub"ish, v. t. Etym: [See Furbish.]

Defn: To rub up: to furbish. [Obs.] Beau. c& Et.

FRUCTED
Fruc"ted, a. Etym: [L. fructus fruit. See Fruit.] (Her.)

Defn: Bearing fruit; -- said of a tree or plant so represented upon
an escutcheon. Cussans.

FRUCTESCENCE
Fruc*tes"cence, n. Etym: [L. fructus fruit.] (Bot.)

Defn: The maturing or ripening of fruit. [R.] Martyn.

FRUCTICULOSE
Fruc*tic"u*lose`, a.

Defn: Fruitful; full of fruit.

FRUCTIDOR
Fruc`ti`dor", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. fructus fruit.]

Defn: The twelfth month of the French republican calendar; --
commencing August 18, and ending September 16. See Vendémiaire.

FRUCTIFERUOS
Fruc*tif"er*uos, a. Etym: [L. fructifer; fructus fruit + ferre to
bear; cf. F. fructifère.]

Defn: Bearing or producing fruit. Boyle.

FRUCTIFICATION
Fruc`ti*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. fructificatio: cf. F.
fructification.]

1. The act of forming or producing fruit; the act of fructifying, or
rendering productive of fruit; fecundation.
The prevalent fructification of plants. Sir T. Brown.

2. (Bot.)
(a) The collective organs by which a plant produces its fruit, or
seeds, or reproductive spores.
(b) The process of producing fruit, or seeds, or spores.

FRUCTIFY
Fruc"ti*fy, v. i. Etym: [F. fructifier, L. fructificare; fructus
fruit + ficare (only in comp.), akin to L. facere to make. See Fruit,
and Fact.]

Defn: To bear fruit. "Causeth the earth to fructify." Beveridge.

FRUCTIFY
Fruc"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fructified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fructifying.]

Defn: To make fruitful; to render productive; to fertilize; as, to
fructify the earth.

FRUCTOSE
Fruc*tose", n. Etym: [L. fructus fruit.] (Chem.)

Defn: Fruit sugar; levulose. [R.]

FRUCTUARY
Fruc"tu*a*ry, n.; pl. Fructuaries. Etym: [L. fructuarius.]

Defn: One who enjoys the profits, income, or increase of anything.
Kings are not proprietors nor fructuaries. Prynne.

FRUCTUATION
Fruc"tu*a`tion, n.

Defn: Produce; fruit, [R.]

FRUCTUOUS
Fruc"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. fructuosus: cf, F. fructueux.]

Defn: Fruitful; productive; profitable. [Obs.]
Nothing fructuous or profitable. Chaucer.
-- Fruc"tu*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Fruc"tu*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]

FRUCTURE
Fruc"ture, n. Etym: [L. frui, p. p. fructus, to enjoy. See Fruit, n.]

Defn: Use; fruition; enjoyment. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

FRUE VANNER
Frue" van"ner. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Mining)

Defn: A moving, inclined, endless apron on which ore is concentrated
by a current of water; a kind of buddle.

FRUGAL
Fru"gal, a. Etym: [L. frugalis, fr. frugi, lit., for fruit; hence,
fit for food, useful, proper, temperate, the dative of frux, frugis,
fruit, akin to E. fruit: cf. F. frugal. See Fruit, n.]

1. Economical in the use or appropriation of resources; not wasteful
or lavish; wise in the expenditure or application of force,
materials, time, etc.; characterized by frugality; sparing;
economical; saving; as, a frugal housekeeper; frugal of time.
I oft admire How Nature, wise and frugal, could commit Such
disproportions. Milton.

2. Obtained by, or appropriate to, economy; as, a frugal fortune.
"Frugal fare." Dryden.

FRUGALITY
Fru*gal"i*ty, n.; pl. Frugalities. Etym: [L. frugalitas: cf. F.
frugalité.]

1. The quality of being frugal; prudent economy; that careful
management of anything valuable which expends nothing unnecessarily,
and applies what is used to a profitable purpose; thrift; --- opposed
to extravagance.
Frugality is founded on the principle that all riches have limits.
Burke.

2. A sparing use; sparingness; as, frugality of praise.

Syn.
 -- Economy; parsimony. See Economy.

FRUGALLY
Fru"gal*ly, adv.

Defn: Thriftily; prudently.

FRUGALNESS
Fru"gal*ness

Defn: , n. Quality of being frugal; frugality.

FRUGIFEROUS
Fru*gif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. frugifer; frux, frugis, fruit + ferre to
bear: cf. F. frugifere.]

Defn: Producing fruit; fruitful; fructiferous. Dr. H. More.

FRUGIVORA
Fru*giv"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Frugivorous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fruit bate; a group of the Cheiroptera, comprising the bats
which live on fruits. See Eruit bat, under Fruit.

FRUGIVOROUS
Fru*giv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. frux, frugis, fruit + vorare to devour.:
cf. F. frugivore.]

Defn: Feeding on fruit, as birds and other animals. Pennant.

FRUIT
Fruit, n. Etym: [OE. fruit, frut, F. fruit, from L. fructus
enjoyment, product, fruit, from frui, p. p. fructus, to enjoy; akin
to E. brook, v. t. See Broook, v. t., and cf. Fructify, Frugal.]

1. Whatever is produced for the nourishment or enjoyment of man or
animals by the processes of vegetable growth, as corn, grass, cotton,
flax, etc.; -- commonly used in the plural.
Six years thou shalt sow thy land, and shalt gather in the fruits
thereof. Ex. xxiii. 10.

2. (Hort.)

Defn: The pulpy, edible seed vessels of certain plants, especially
those grown on branches above ground, as apples, oranges, grapes,
melons, berries, etc. See 3.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The ripened ovary of a flowering plant, with its contents and
whatever parts are consolidated with it.

Note: Fruits are classified as fleshy, drupaceous, and -dry. Fleshy
fruits include berries, gourds, and melons, orangelike fruita and
pomes; drupaceous fruits are stony within and fleshy without, as
peaches, plums, and chercies;and dry fruits are further divided into
achenes, follicles, legumes, capsules, nuts, and several other kinds.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: The spore cases or conceptacles of flowerless plants, as of
ferns, mosses, algae, etc., with the spores contained in them.

6. The produce of animals; offspring; young; as, the fruit of the
womb, of the loins, of the body.
King Edward's fruit, true heir to the English crown. Shak.

6. That which is produced; the effect or consequence of any action;
advantageous or desirable product or result; disadvantageous or evil
consequence or effect; as, the fruits of labor, of self-denial, of
intemperance.
The fruit of rashness. Shak.
What I obtained was the fruit of no bargain. Burke.
They shall eat the fruit of their doings. Is. iii 10.
The fruits of this education became visible. Macaulay.

Note: Fruit is frequently used adjectively, signifying of, for, or
pertaining to a fruit or fruits; as, fruit bud; fruit frame; fruit
jar; fruit knife; fruit loft; fruit show; fruit stall; fruit tree;
etc. Fruit bat (Zoöl.), one of the Frugivora; -- called also fruit-
eating bat.
 -- Fruit bud (Bot.), a bud that produces fruit; -- in most oplants
the same as the power bud. Fruit dot (Bot.), a collection of fruit
cases, as in ferns. See Sorus.
 -- Fruit fly (Zoöl.), a small dipterous insect of the genus
Drosophila, which lives in fruit, in the larval state.
 -- Fruit jar, a jar for holding preserved fruit, usually made of
glass or earthenware.
 -- Fruit pigeon (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of pigeons of the
family Carpophagidæ, inhabiting India, Australia, and the Pacific
Islands. They feed largely upon fruit. and are noted for their
beautiful colors.
 -- Fruit sugar (Chem.), a kind of sugar occurring, naturally formed,
in many ripe fruits, and in honey; levulose. The name is also, though
rarely, applied to invert sugar, or to the natural mixture or
dextrose and levulose resembling it, and found in fruits and honey.
 -- Fruit tree (Hort.), a tree cultivated for its edible fruit.
 -- Fruit worm (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of insect larvæ:
which live in the interior of fruit. They are mostly small species of
Lepidoptera and Diptera.
 -- Small fruits (Hort.), currants, raspberries, strawberries, etc.

FRUIT
Fruit, v. i.

Defn: To bear fruit. Chesterfield.

FRUITAGE
Fruit"age, n. Etym: [F. fruitage.]

1. Fruit, collectively; fruit, in general; fruitery.
The trees . . . ambrosial fruitage bear. Milton.

2. Product or result of any action; effect, good or ill.

FRUITER
Fruit"er, a.

Defn: A ship for carrying fruit.

FRUITERER
Fruit"er*er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fruitier.]

Defn: One who deals in fruit; a seller of fruits.

FRUITERESS
Fruit"er*ess, n.

Defn: A woman who sells fruit.

FRUITERY
Fruit"er*y, n.; pl. Fruiteries. Etym: [F. fruiterie place where fruit
is kept, in OF. also, fruitage.]

1. Fruit, taken collectively; fruitage. J. Philips.

2. A repository for fruit. Johnson.

FRUITESTERE
Fruit"es*tere, n.

Defn: A fruiteress. [Obs.]

FRUITFUL
Fruit"ful, a.

Defn: Full of fruit; producing fruit abundantly; bearing results;
prolific; fertile; liberal; bountiful; as, a fruitful tree, or
season, or soil; a fruitful wife.
 -- Fruit"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Fruit"ful*ness, n.
Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth. Gen. i. 28.
[Nature] By disburdening grows More fruitful. Milton.
The great fruitfulness of the poet's fancy. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Fertile; prolific; productive; fecund; plentiful; rich; abundant;
plenteous. See Fertile.

FRUITING
Fruit"ing, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or producing, fruit.

FRUITING
Fruit"ing, n.

Defn: The bearing of fruit.

FRUITION
Fru*i"tion, n. Etym: [OF. fruition, L. fruitio, enjoyment, fr. L.
frui, p. p. fruitus, to use or enjoy. See Fruit, n.]

Defn: Use or possession of anything, especially such as is
accompanied with pleasure or satisfaction; pleasure derived from
possession or use. "Capacity of fruition." Rogers. "Godlike
fruition." Milton.
Where I may have fruition of her love. Shak.

FRUITIVE
Fru"i*tive, a. Etym: [See Fruition.]

Defn: Eujoying; possessing. [Obs.] Boyle.

FRUITLESS
Fruit"less, a.

1. Lacking, or not bearing, fruit; barren; destitute of offspring;
as, a fruitless tree or shrub; a fruitless marriage. Shak.

2. Productive of no advantage or good effect; vain; idle; useless;
unprofitable; as, a fruitless attempt; a fruitless controversy.
They in mutual accusation spent The fruitless hours. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Useless; barren; unprofitable; abortive; ineffectual; vain; idle;
profitless. See Useless.
 -- Fruit"less*ly, adv.
 -- Fruit"lness*ness, n.

FRUITY
Fruit"y, a.

Defn: Having the odor, taste, or appearance of fruit; also, fruitful.
Dickens.

FRUMENTACEOUS
Fru"men*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [L. frumentaceus, fr. frumentum corn or
grain, from the root of frux fruit: cf. F. frumentacé. See Frugal.]

Defn: Made of, or resembling, wheat or other grain.

FRUMENTARIOUS
Fru`men*ta"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. frumentarius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to wheat or grain. [R.] Coles.

FRUMENTATION
Fru`men*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. frumentatio.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A largess of grain bestowed upon the people, to quiet them when
uneasy.

FRUMENTY
Fru"men*ty, n. Etym: [OF. fromentée, fr. L. frumentum. See
Frumentaceous.]

Defn: Food made of hulled wheat boiled in milk, with sugar, plums,
etc. [Written also furmenty and furmity.] Halliwell.

FRUMP
Frump, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. frumple to wrinkle, ruffle, D.
frommelen.]

Defn: To insult; to flout; to mock; to snub. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

FRUMP
Frump, n.

1. A contemptuous speech or piece of conduct; a gibe or flout. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.

2. A cross, old-fashioned person; esp., an old woman; a gossip.
[Colloq.] Halliwell.

FRUMPER
Frump"er, n.

Defn: A mocker. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

FRUMPISH
Frump"ish, a.

1. Cross-tempered; scornful. [Obs.]

2. Old-fashioned, as a woman's dress.
Our Bell . . . looked very frumpish. Foote.

FRUSH
Frush, v. t. Etym: [F. froisser to bruise. Cf. Froise.]

Defn: To batter; to break in pieces. [Obs.]
I like thine armor well; I'll frush it and unlock the rivets all.
Shak.

FRUSH
Frush, a.

Defn: Easily broken; brittle; crisp.

FRUSH
Frush, n.

Defn: Noise; clatter; crash. [R.] Southey.

FRUSH
Frush, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. frosch, frosk, a frog (the animal), G.
frosch frog (the animal), also carney or lampass of horses. See Frog,
n., 2.]

1. (Far.)

Defn: The frog of a horse's foot.

2. A discharge of a fetid or ichorous matter from the frog of a
horse's foot; -- also caled thrush.

FRUSTRABLE
Frus"tra*ble, a. Etym: [L. frustrabilis: cf. F. frustable.]

Defn: Capable of beeing frustrated or defeated.

FRUSTRANEOUS
Frus*tra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [See Frustrate, a.]

Defn: Vain; useless; unprofitable. [Obs.] South.

FRUSTRATE
Frus"trate, a. Etym: [L. frustratus, p. p. of frustrare, frustrari,
to deceive, frustrate, fr. frustra in vain, witout effect, in erorr,
prob. for frudtra and akin to fraus, E. fraud.]

Defn: Vain; ineffectual; useless; unprofitable; null; voil; nugatory;
of no effect. "Our frustrate search." Shak.

FRUSTRATE
Frus"trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frustrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Frustrating.]

1. To bring to nothing; to prevent from attaining a purpose; to
disappoint; to defeat; to baffle; as, to frustrate a plan, design, or
attempt; to frustrate the will or purpose.
Shall the adversary thus obtain His end and frustrate thine Milton.

2. To make null; to nullifly; to render invalid or of no effect; as,
to frustrate a conveyance or deed.

Syn.
 -- To balk; thwart; foil; baffle; defeat.

FRUSTRATELY
Frus"trate*ly, adv.

Defn: In vain. [Obs.] Vicars.

FRUSTRATION
Frus*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. frustratio: cf. OF. frustration.]

Defn: The act of frustrating; disappointment; defeat; as, the
frustration of one's designs

FRUSTRATIVE
Frus"tra*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to defeat; fallacious. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

FRUSTRATORY
Frus"tra*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. frustrotorius: cf. F. frustratoire.]

Defn: Making void; rendering null; as, a frustratory appeal. [Obs.]
Ayliffe.

FRUSTULE
Frus"tule, n. Etym: [L. frustulum, dim. fr. frustum a piece: cf. F.
frustule.] (Bot.)

Defn: The siliceous shell of a diatom. It is composed of two valves,
one overlapping the other, like a pill box and its cover.

FRUSTULENT
Frus"tu*lent, a. Etym: [L. frustulentus. See Frustule.]

Defn: Abounding in fragments. [R.]

FRUSTUM
Frus"tum, n.; pl. L. Frusta, E. Frustums. Etym: [L. fruslum piece,
bit.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: The part of a solid next the base, formed by cutting off the,
top; or the part of any solid, as of a cone, pyramid, etc., between
two planes, which may be either parallel or inclined to each other.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: One of the drums of the shaft of a column.

FRUTAGE
Frut"age, n. Etym: [Cf. Fruitage.]

1. A picture of fruit; decoration by representation of fruit.
The cornices consist of frutages and festoons. Evelyn.

2. A confection of fruit. [Obs.] Nares.

FRUTESCENT
Fru*tes"cent, a. Etym: [L. frulex, fruticis, shrub, bush: cf. F.
frutescent, L. fruticescens, p. pr.] (Bot.)

Defn: Somewhat shrubby in character; imperfectly shrubby, as the
American species of Wistaria.

FRUTEX
Fru"tex, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant having a woody, durable stem, but less than a tree; a
shrub.

FRUTICANT
Fru"ti*cant, a. Etym: [L. fruticans, p. pr. of fruticare, to become
bushy, fr. frutex, fruticis, shrub.]

Defn: Full of shoots. [Obs.] Evelyn.

FRUTICOSE
Fru"ti*cose`, a. Etym: [L. fruticosus, from frutex, fruticis, shrub]
(Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to a shrub or shrubs; branching like a shrub;
shrubby; shrublike; as, a fruticose stem. Gray.

FRUTICOUS
Fru"ti*cous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Fruticose. [R.]

FRUTICULOSE
Fru*tic"u*lose`, a. Etym: [Dim. fr. L. fruticosus bushy: cf. F.
fruticuleux.] (Bot.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, a small shrub. Gray.

FRY
Fry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fried; p. pr. & vb. n. Frying.] Etym: [OE.
frien, F. frire, fr. L. frigere to roast, parch, fry, cf. Gr. bhrajj.
Cf. Fritter.]

Defn: To cook in a pan or on a griddle (esp. with the use of fat,
butter, or olive oil) by heating over a fire; to cook in boiling lard
or fat; as, to fry fish; to fry doughnuts.

FRY
Fry, v. i.

1. To undergo the process of frying; to be subject to the action of
heat in a frying pan, or on a griddle, or in a kettle of hot fat.

2. To simmer; to boil. [Obs.]
With crackling flames a caldron fries. Dryden
The frothy billows fry. Spenser.

3. To undergo or cause a disturbing action accompanied with a
sensation of heat.
To keep the oil from frying in the stomach. Bacon.

4. To be agitated; to be greatly moved. [Obs.]
What kindling motions in their breasts do fry. Fairfax.

FRY
Fry, n.

1. A dish of anything fried.

2. A state of excitement; as, to be in a fry. [Colloq.]

FRY
Fry, n. Etym: [OE. fri, fry, seed, descendants, cf. OF. froye
spawning, spawn of. fishes, little fishes, fr. L. fricare tosub (see
Friction), but cf. also Icel. fræ, frjo, seed, Sw. & Dan. frö, Goth.
fraiw seed, descendants.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The young of any fish.

2. A swarm or crowd, especially of little fishes; young or small
things in general.
The fry of children young. Spenser.
To sever . . . the good fish from the other fry. Milton.
We have burned two frigates, and a hundred and twenty small fry.
Walpole.

FRYING
Fry"ing, n.

Defn: The process denoted by the verb fry. Frying pan, an iron pan
with a long handle, used for frying meat. vegetables, etc.

FU
Fu, n. [Chin.]

Defn: A department in China comprising several hsein; also, the chief
city of a department; -- often forming the last part of a name; as,
Paoting-fu.

FUAGE
Fu"age, n.

Defn: Same as Fumage.

FUAR
Fu"ar, n.

Defn: Same as Feuar.

FUB; FUBS
Fub, Fubs (, n. Etym: [Cf. Fob a pocket.]

Defn: A plump young person or child. [Obs.] Smart.

FUB
Fub, v. t. Etym: [The same word as fob to cheat.]

Defn: To put off by trickery; to cheat. [Obs.]
I have been fubbed off, and fubbed off, and fabbed off, from this day
to that day. Shak.

FUBBERY
Fub"ber*y, n.

Defn: Cheating; deception. Marston.

FUBBY; FUBSY
Fub"by, Fub"sy a.

Defn: Plump; chubby; short and stuffy; as a fubsy sofa. [Eng.]
A fubsy, good-humored, silly . . . old maid. Mme. D'Arblay.

FUCATE; FUCATED
Fu"cate, Fu"ca*ted a. Etym: [L. fucatus, p. p. of fucare to color,
paint, fr. fucus.]

Defn: Painted; disguised with paint, or with false show.

FUCHS
Fuchs, n. Etym: [G., prop., a fox.] (German Univ.)

Defn: A student of the first year.

FUCHSIA
Fuch"si*a, n.; pl. E. Fuchsias, L. Fuchslæ. Etym: [NL. Named after
Leonard Fuchs, a German botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of flowering plants having elegant drooping flowers,
with four sepals, four petals, eight stamens, and a single pistil.
They are natives of Mexico and South America. Double-flowered
varieties are now common in cultivation.

FUCHSINE
Fuch"sine, n. Etym: [Named by the French inventor, from Fuchs a fox,
the German equivalent of his own name, Renard.] (Chem.)

Defn: Aniline red; an artificial coal-tar dyestuff, of a metallic
green color superficially, resembling cantharides, but when dissolved
forming a brilliant dark red. It consists of a hydrochloride or
acetate of rosaniline. See Rosaniline.

FUCIVOROUS
Fu*civ"o*rous, a. Etym: [Fucus + L. vorare to eat.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Eating fucus or other seaweeds.

FUCOID
Fu"coid, a. Etym: [Fucus + -oid.] (Bot.)
(a) Properly, belonging to an order of alga: (Fucoideæ) which are
blackish in color, and produce oöspores which are not fertilized
until they have escaped from the conceptacle. The common rockweeds
and the gulfweed (Sargassum) are fucoid in character.
(b) In a vague sense, resembling seaweeds, or of the nature of
seaweeds.

FUCOID
Fu"coid, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant, whether recent or fossil, which resembles a seaweed.
See Fucoid, a.

FUCOIDAL
Fu*coid"al, a.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Fucoid.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Containing impressions of fossil fucoids or seaweeds; as,
fucoidal sandstone.

FUCUS
Fu"cus, n.; pl. Fuci. Etym: [L. rock lichen, orchil, used as a red
dye, red or purple color, disguise, deceit.]

1. A paint; a dye; also, false show. [Obs.]

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tough, leathery seaweeds, usually of a dull brownish
green color; rockweed.

Note: Formerly most marine alg were called fuci.

FUCUSOL
Fu"cu*sol, n. Etym: [Fucus + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oily liquid, resembling, and possibly identical with,
furfurol, and obtained from fucus, and other seaweeds.

FUD
Fud, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin.]

1. The tail of a hare, coney, etc. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns.

2. Woolen waste, for mixing with mungo and shoddy.

FUDDER
Fud"der, n.

Defn: See Fodder, a weight.

FUDDLE
Fud"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p., Fuddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fuddling.]
Etym: [Perh. formed as a kind of dim. of full. Cf. Fuzzle.]

Defn: To make foolish by drink; to cause to become intoxicated.
[Colloq.]
I am too fuddled to take care to observe your orders. Steele.

FUDDLE
Fud"dle, v. i.

Defn: To drink to excess. [Colloq.]

FUDDLER
Fud"dler, n.

Defn: A drunkard. [Colloq.] Baxter.

FUDGE
Fudge, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. F. fuche, feuche, an interj. of contempt.]

Defn: A made-up story; stuff; nonsense; humbug; -- often an
exclamation of contempt.

FUDGE
Fudge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fudged; p. pr. & vb. n. Fudging.]

1. To make up; to devise; to contrive; to fabricate.
Fudged up into such a smirkish liveliness. N. Fairfax.

2. To foist; to interpolate.
That last "suppose" is fudged in. Foote
.

FUDGE WHEEL
Fudge" wheel". (Shoemaking)

Defn: A tool for ornamenting the edge of a sole.

FUEGIAN
Fu*e"gi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Terra del Fuego.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Terra del Fuego.

FUEL
Fu"el, n. Etym: [OF. fouail, fuail, or fouaille, fuaille, LL.
focalium, focale, fr. L. focus hearth, fireplace, in LL., fire. See
Focus.] [Formerly written also fewel.]

1. Any matter used to produce heat by burning; that which feeds fire;
combustible matter used for fires, as wood, coal, peat, etc.

2. Anything that serves to feed or increase passion or excitement.
Artificial fuel, fuel consisting of small particles, as coal dust,
sawdust, etc., consolidated into lumps or blocks.

FUEL
Fu"el, v. t.

1. To feed with fuel. [Obs.]
Never, alas I the dreadful name, That fuels the infernal flame.
Cowley.

2. To store or furnish with fuel or firing. [Obs.]
Well watered and well fueled. Sir H. Wotton.

FUELER
Fu"el*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, supplies fuel. [R.] [Written also
fueller.] Donne.

FUERO
Fu*e"ro, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. L. forum.] (Sp. Law)
(a) A code; a charter; a grant of privileges.
(b) A custom having the force of law.
(c) A declaration by a magistrate.
(d) A place where justice is administered.
(e) The jurisdiction of a tribunal. Burrill.

FUFF
Fuff, v. t. & i. Etym: [Of imitative origin. Cf. Puff.]

Defn: To puff. [Prov. Eng. A Local, U. S.] Halliwel.

FUFFY
Fuff"y, a.

Defn: Light; puffy. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.]

FUGA
Fu"ga, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A fugue.

FUGACIOUS
Fu*ga"cious, a. Etym: [L. fugax, fugacis, from fugere: cf. F. fugace.
See Fugitive.]

1. Flying, or disposed to fly; fleeing away; lasting but a short
time; volatile.
Much of its possessions is so hid, so fugacious, and of so uncertain
purchase. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Fleeting; lasting but a short time; -- applied particularly to
organs or parts which are short-lived as compared with the life of
the individual.

FUGACIOUSNESS
Fu*ga"cious*ness, n.

Defn: Fugacity. [Obs.]

FUGACITY
Fu*gac"i*ty, a. Etym: [L fugacitas: cf. F. fugacité.]

1. The quality of being fugacious; fugaclousness; volatility; as,
fugacity of spirits. Boyle.

2. Uncertainty; instability. Johnson.

FUGACY
Fu"ga*cy, n.

Defn: Banishment. [Obs.] Milton.

FUGATO
Fu*ga"to, a. (Mus.)

Defn: in the gugue style, but not strictly like a fugue.
 -- n.

Defn: A composition resembling a fugue.

FUGH
Fugh, interj.

Defn: An exclamation of disgust; foh; faugh. Dryden.

FUGHETTA
Fu*ghet"ta, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: a short, condensed fugue. Grove.

FUGITIVE
Fu"gi*tive, a. Etym: [OE. fugitif, F. fugitif, fr. L. fugitivus, fr.
fugere to flee. See Bow to bend, and cf. Feverfew.]

1. Fleeing from pursuit, danger, restraint, etc., escaping, from
service, duty etc.; as, a fugitive solder; a fugitive slave; a
fugitive debtor.
The fugitive Parthians follow. Shak.
Can a fugitive daughter enjoy herself while her parents are in tear
Richardson
A libellous pamphlet of a fugitive physician. Sir H. Wotton.

2. Not fixed; not durable; liable to disappear or fall away;
volatile; uncertain; evanescent; liable to fade; -- applied to
material and immaterial things; as, fugitive colors; a fugitive idea.
The me more tender and fugitive parts, the leaves . . . of
vegatables. Woodward.
Fugitive compositions, Such as are short and occasional, and so
published that they quickly escape notice.

Syn.
 -- Fleeting; unstable; wandering; uncertain; volatile; fugacious;
fleeing; evanescent.

FUGITIVE
Fu"gi*tive, n.

1. One who flees from pursuit, danger, restraint, service, duty,
etc.; a deserter; as, a fugitive from justice.

2. Something hard to be caught or detained.
Or Catch that airy fugitive called wit. Harte.
Fugitive from justice (Law), one who, having committed a crime in one
jurisdiction, flees or escapes into another to avoid punishment.

FUGITIVELY
Fu"gi*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a fugitive manner.

FUGITIVENESS
Fu"gi*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being fugitive; evanescence;
volatility; fugacity; instability.

FUGLE
Fu"gle, v. i.

Defn: To maneuver; to move hither and thither. [Colloq.]
Wooden arms with elbow joints jerking and fugling in the air.
Carlyle.

FUGLEMAN
Fu"gle*man, n.; pl. Fuglemen. Etym: [G. flügelmann file leader;
flügel wing (akin to E. fly) + mann man. Cf. Flugrelman.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A soldier especially expert and well drilled, who takes his
place in front of a military company, as a guide for the others in
their exercises; a file leader. He originally stood in front of the
right wing. [Written also flugelman.]

2. Hence, one who leads the way. [Jocose]

FUGUE
Fugue, n. Etym: [F., fr. It. fuga, fr. L. fuga a fleeing, flight,
akin to fugere to fiee. See Fugitive.] (Mus.)

Defn: A polyphonic composition, developed from a given theme or
themes, according to strict contrapuntal rules. The theme is first
given out by one voice or part, and then, while that pursues its way,
it is repeated by another at the interval of a fifth or fourth, and
so on, until all the parts have answered one by one, continuing their
several melodies and interweaving them in one complex progressive
whole, in which the theme is often lost and reappears.
All parts of the scheme are eternally chasing each other, like the
parts of a fugue. Jer. Taylor.

FUGUIST
Fu"guist, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A musician who composes or performs fugues. Busby.

-FUL
-ful. Etym: [See Full, a.]

Defn: A suffix signifying full of, abounding with; as, boastful,
harmful, woeful.

FULAHS; FOOLAHS
Fu"lahs`

Defn: , Foo"lahs` (, n. pl.; sing. Fulah, Foolan (. (Ethnol.) A
peculiar African race of uncertain origin, but distinct from the
negro tribes, inhabiting an extensive region of Western Soudan. Their
color is brown or yellowish bronze. They are Mohammedans. Called also
Fellatahs, Foulahs, and Fellani. Fulah is also used adjectively; as,
Fulah empire, tribes, language.

FULBE
Ful"be, n. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Same as Fulahs.

FULCIBLE
Ful"ci*ble, a. Etym: [L. fulcire to prop.]

Defn: Capable of being propped up. [Obs.] Cockeram.

FULCIMENT
Ful"ci*ment, n. Etym: [L. fulcimentum, fr. fulcire to prop.]

Defn: A prop; a fulcrum. [Obs.] Bp. Wilkins.

FULCRA
Ful"cra, n. pl.

Defn: See Fulcrum.

FULCRATE
Ful"crate, a. Etym: [See Fulcrum.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Propped; supported by accessory organs. [R.] Gray.

2. Furnished with fulcrums.

FULCRUM
Ful"crum, n.; pl. L. Fulcra, E. Fulcrums. Etym: [L., bedpost, fr.
fulcire to prop.]

1. A prop or support.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: That by which a lever is sustained, or about which it turns in
lifting or moving a body.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: An accessory organ such as a tendril, stipule, spine, and the
like. [R.] Gray.

4. (Zoöl.)
(a) The horny inferior surface of the lingua of certain insects.
(b) One of the small, spiniform scales found on the front edge of the
dorsal and caudal fins of many ganoid fishes.

5. (Anat.)

Defn: The connective tissue supporting the framework of the retina of
the eye.

FULFILL
Ful*fill", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fulfilled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fulfilling.] Etym: [OE. fulfillen, fulfullen, AS. fulfyllan; ful full
+ fyllan to fill. See Full, a., and Fill, v. t.] [Written also
fulfil.]

1. To fill up; to make full or complete. [Obs.] "Fulfill her week"
Gen. xxix. 27.
Suffer thou that the children be fulfilled first, for it is not good
to take the bread of children and give to hounds. Wyclif (Mark vii.
27).

2. To accomplish or carry into effect, as an intention, promise, or
prophecy, a desire, prayer, or requirement, etc.; to complete by
performance; to answer the requisitions of; to bring to pass, as a
purpose or design; to effectuate.
He will, fulfill the desire of them fear him. Ps. cxlv. 199.
Here Nature seems fulfilled in all her ends. Milton.
Servants must their masters' minds fulfill. Shak.

FULFILLER
Ful*fill"er, n.

Defn: One who fulfills. South.

FULFILLMENT
Ful*fill"ment, n. Etym: [Written also fulfilment.]

1. The act of fulfilling; accomplishment; completion; as, the
fulfillment of prophecy.

2. Execution; performance; as, the fulfillment of a promise.

FULGENCY
Fulgen*cy, n. Etym: [See fulgent.]

Defn: Brightness; splendor; glitter; effulgence. Bailey.

FULGENT
Ful"gent, a. Etym: [L. fulgens, -entis, p. pr. of fulgere to flash,
glitter, shine, akin to Gr. Phlox, Flagrant.]

Defn: Exquisitely bright; shining; dazzling; effulgent.
Other Thracians . . . fulgent morions wore. Glower.

FULGENTLY
Ful"gent*ly, adv.

Defn: Dazzlingly; glitteringly.

FULGID
Ful"gid, a. Etym: [L. fulgidus. See Fulgent.]

Defn: Shining; glittering; dazzling. [R.] Pope.

FULGIDITY
Ful*gid"i*ty, n.

Defn: Splendor; resplendence; effulgence. [R.] Bailey.

FULGOR
Ful"gor, n. Etym: [L. fulgor, fr. fulgere to shine.]

Defn: Dazzling brightness; splendor. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

FULGURANT
Ful"gu*rant a. Etym: [L. fulgurans, p. pr. of fulgurare.]

Defn: Lightening. [R.] Dr. H. More.

FULGURATA
Ful"gu*ra"ta, n. Etym: [NL.] (Electricity)

Defn: A spectro-electric tube in which the decomposition of a liquid
by the passage of an electric spark is observed. Knight.

FULGURATE
Ful"gu*rate, v. i. Etym: [L. fulguratus, p. p. of fulgurare to flash,
fr. fulgur lightning, fr. fulgere to shine. See Fulgent.]

Defn: To flash as lightning. [R.]

FULGURATING
Ful"gu*ra`ting, a. (Med.)

Defn: Resembling lightning; -- used to describe intense lancinating
painsaccompanying locomotor ataxy.

FULGURATION
Ful"gu*ra`tion, n. Etym: [L. fulguratio: cf. F. fulguration.]

1. The act of lightening. [R.] Donne.

2. (Assaying)

Defn: The sudden brightening of a fused globule of gold or silver,
when the last film of the oxide of lead or copper leaves its surface;
-- also called blick.
A phenomenon called, by the old chemists, fulguration. Ure.

FULGURITE
Ful"gu*rite, n. Etym: [L. fulguritus, p. p. of fulgurire to strike
with lightning, fr. fulgur lightning: cf. F. fulgurite.]

Defn: A vitrified sand tube produced by the striking of lightning on
sand; a lightning tube; also, the portion of rock surface fused by a
lightning discharge.

FULGURY
Ful"gu*ry, n. Etym: [L. fulgur.]

Defn: Lightning. [Obs.]

FULHAM
Ful"ham, n. Etym: [So named because supposed to have been chiefly
made at Fulham, in Middlesex, Eng.)

Defn: A false die. [Cant] [Written also fullam.] Shak.

FULIGINOSITY
Fu*lig"i*nos"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fuliginosité.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being fuliginous; sootiness; matter
deposited by smoke. [R.]

FULIGINOUS
Fu*lig"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. fuliginosus, from fuligo soot: cf. F.
fuligineux. See Fume.]

1. Pertaining to soot; sooty; dark; dusky.

2. Pertaining to smoke; resembling smoke.

FULIGINOUSLY
Fu*lig"i*nous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a smoky manner.

FULIMART
Fu"li*mart, n.

Defn: Same as Foumart.

FULL
Full, a. [Compar. Fuller; superl. Fullest.] Etym: [OE. & AS. ful;
akin to OS. ful, D. vol, OHG. fol, G. voll, Icel. fullr, Sw. full,
Dan. fuld, Goth. fulls, L. plenus, Gr. p, pr to fill, also to Gr.
poly-, pref., G. viel, AS. fela. sq. root80. Cf. Complete, Fill,
Plenary, Plenty.]

1. Filled up, having within its limits all that it can contain;
supplied; not empty or vacant; -- said primarily of hollow vessels,
and hence of anything else; as, a cup full of water; a house full of
people.
Had the throne been full, their meeting would not have been regular.
Blackstone.

2. Abundantly furnished or provided; sufficient in. quantity,
quality, or degree; copious; plenteous; ample; adequate; as, a full
meal; a full supply; a full voice; a full compensation; a house full
of furniture.

3. Not wanting in any essential quality; complete, entire; perfect;
adequate; as, a full narrative; a person of full age; a full stop; a
full face; the full moon.
It came to pass, at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh dreamed.
Gen. xii. 1.
The man commands Like a full soldier. Shak.
I can not Request a fuller satisfaction Than you have freely granted.
Ford.

4. Sated; surfeited.
I am full of the burnt offerings of rams. Is. i. 11.

5. Having the mind filled with ideas; stocked with knowledge; stored
with information.
Reading maketh a full man. Bacon.

6. Having the attention, thoughts, etc., absorbed in any matter, and
the feelings more or less excited by it, as, to be full of some
project.
Every one is full of the miracles done by cold baths on decayed and
weak constitutions. Locke.

7. Filled with emotions.
The heart is so full that a drop overfills it. Lowell.

8. Impregnated; made pregnant. [Obs.]
Ilia, the fair, . . . full of Mars. Dryden.
At full, when full or complete. Shak.
 -- Full age (Law) the age at which one attains full personal rights;
majority; -- in England and the United States the age of 21 years.
Abbott.
 -- Full and by (Naut.), sailing closehauled, having all the sails
full, and lying as near the wind as poesible.
 -- Full band (Mus.), a band in which all the instruments are
employed.
 -- Full binding, the binding of a book when made wholly of leather,
as distinguished from half binding.
 -- Full bottom, a kind of wig full and large at the bottom.
 -- Full brother or sister, a brother or sister having the same
parents as another.
 -- Full cry (Hunting), eager chase; -- said of hounds that have
caught the scent, and give tongue together.
 -- Full dress, the dress prescribed by authority or by etiquette to
be worn on occasions of ceremony.
 -- Full hand (Poker), three of a kind and a pair.
 -- Full moon. (a) The moon with its whole disk illuminated, as when
opposite to the sun. (b) The time when the moon is full.
 -- Full organ (Mus.), the organ when all or most stops are out.
 -- Full score (Mus.), a score in which all the parts for voices and
instruments are given.
 -- Full sea, high water.
 -- Full swing, free course; unrestrained liberty; "Leaving corrupt
nature to . . . the full swing and freedom of its own extravagant
actings." South (Colloq.) -- In full, at length; uncontracted;
unabridged; written out in words, and not indicated by figures.
 -- In full blast. See under Blast.

FULL
Full, n.

Defn: Complete measure; utmost extent; the highest state or degree.
The swan's-down feather, That stands upon the swell at full of tide.
Shak.
Full of the moon, the time of full moon.

FULL
Full, adv.

Defn: Quite; to the same degree; without abatement or diminution;
with the whole force or effect; thoroughly; completely; exactly;
entirely.
The pawn I proffer shall be full as good. Dryden.
The diapason closing full in man. Dryden.
Full in the center of the sacred wood. Addison.

Note: Full is placed before adjectives and adverbs to heighten or
strengthen their signification. "Full sad." Milton. "Master of a full
poor cell." Shak. "Full many a gem of purest ray serene." T. Gray.
Full is also prefixed to participles to express utmost extent or
degree; as, full-bloomed, full-blown, full-crammed full-grown, full-
laden, full-stuffed, etc. Such compounds, for the most part, are
self-defining.

FULL
Full, v. i.

Defn: To become full or wholly illuminated; as, the moon fulls at
midnight.

FULL
Full, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fulled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fulling.] Etym:
[OE. fullen, OF. fuler, fouler, F. fouler, LL. fullare, fr. L. fullo
fuller, cloth fuller, cf. Gr. fullian to whiten as a fuller, to
baptize, fullere a fuller. Cf. Defile to foul, Foil to frustrate,
Fuller. n. ]

Defn: To thicken by moistening, heating, and pressing, as cloth; to
mill; to make compact; to scour, cleanse, and thicken in a mill.

FULL
Full, v. i.

Defn: To become fulled or thickened; as, this material fulls well.

FULLAGE
Full"age, n.

Defn: The money or price paid for fulling or cleansing cloth.
Johnson.

FULLAM
Ful"lam, n.

Defn: A false die. See Fulham.

FULL-BLOODED
Full"-blood`ed, a.

1. Having a full supply of blood.

2. Of pure blood; thoroughbred; as, a full-blooded horse.

FULL-BLOOMED
Full"-bloomed`, a.

Defn: Like a perfect blossom. "Full-bloomed lips." Crashaw.

FULL-BLOWN
Full"-blown`, a.

1. Fully expanded, as a blossom; as, a full-bloun rose. Denham.

2. Fully distended with wind, as a sail. Dryden.

FULL-BOTTOMED
Full"-bot"tomed, a.

1. Full and large at the bottom, as wigs worn by certain civil
officers in Great Britain.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Of great capacity below the water line.

FULL-BUTT
Full"-butt", adv.

Defn: With direct and violentop position; with sudden collision.
[Colloq.] L'Estrange.

FULL-DRIVE
Full`-drive", adv.

Defn: With full speed. [Colloq.]

FULLER
Full"er, n. Etym: [AS. fullere, fr. L. fullo. See Full, v. t.]

Defn: One whose occupation is to full cloth. Fuller's earth, a
variety of clay, used in scouring and cleansing cloth, to imbibe
grease.
 -- Fuller's herb (Bot.), the soapwort (Saponaria officinalis),
formerly used to remove stains from cloth.
 -- Fuller's thistle or weed (Bot.), the teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)
whose burs are used by fullers in dressing cloth. See Teasel.

FULLER
Full"er, n. Etym: [From Full, a.] (Blacksmith's Work)

Defn: A die; a half-round set hammer, used for forming grooves and
spreading iron; -- called also a creaser.

FULLER
Full"er, v. t.

Defn: To form a groove or channel in, by a fuller or set hammer; as,
to fuller a bayonet.

FULLERY
Full"er*y, n.; pl. Fulleries (.

Defn: The place or the works where the fulling of cloth is carried
on.

FULL-FORMED
Full"-formed`, a.

Defn: Full in form or shape; rounded out with flesh.
The full-formed maids of Afric. Thomson.

FULL-GROWN
Full"-grown`, a.

Defn: Having reached the limits of growth; mature. "Full-grown
wings." Lowell.

FULL-HEARTED
Full"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Full of courage or confidence. Shak.

FULL-HOT
Full"-hot`, a.

Defn: Very fiery. Shak.

FULL HOUSE
Full house. (Poker)

Defn: A hand containing three of a kind and a pair, as three kings
and two tens. It ranks above a flush and below four of a kind.

FULLING
Full"ing, n.

Defn: The process of cleansing, shrinking, and thickening cloth by
moisture, heat, and pressure. Fulling mill, a mill for fulling cloth
as by means of pesties or stampers, which alternately fall into and
rise from troughs where the cloth is placed with hot water and
fuller's earth, or other cleansing materials.

FULL-MANNED
Full"-manned`, a.

Defn: Completely furnished wiith men, as a ship.

FULLMART
Full"mart", n.

Defn: See Foumart. B. Jonson.

FULLNESS
Full"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being full, or of abounding; abundance;
completeness. [Written also fulness.]
"In thy presence is fullness of joy." Ps. xvi. 11.

FULLONICAL
Ful*lon"i*cal, a. Etym: [L. fullonicus, from fullo a cloth fuller.]

Defn: Pertaining to a fuller of cloth. [Obs.] Blount.

FULL-ORBED
Full"-orbed` (, a.

Defn: Having the orb or disk complete or fully illuminated; like the
full moon.

FULL-SAILED
Full"-sailed`, a.

Defn: Having all its sails set,; hence, without restriction or
reservation. Massinger.

FULL-WINGED
Full"-winged`, a.

1. Having large and strong or complete wings. Shak.

2. Beady for flight; eager. [Archaic] Beau. & Fl.

FULLY
Ful"ly, adv.

Defn: In a full manner or degree; completely; entirely; without lack
or defect; adequately; satisfactorily; as, to be fully persuaded of
the truth of a proposition. Fully committed (Law), committed to
prison for trial, in distinction from being detained for examination.

Syn.
 -- Completely; entirely; maturely; plentifuly; abundantly;
plenteously; copiously; largely; amply; sufficiently; perfectly.

FULMAR
Ful"mar (fûlmär), n. Etym: [Icel. fulmar. See foul, and Man a gull.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of sea birds, of the family
procellariidæ, allied to the albatrosses and petrels. Among the well-
known species are the arctic fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) (called also
fulmar petrel, malduck, and mollemock), and the giant fulmar
(Ossifraga gigantea).

FULMINANT
Ful"mi*nant, a. Etym: [L. fulminans, p. pr. of fulminare to lighten:
cf. F. fulminant.]

Defn: Thundering; fulminating. [R.] Bailey.

FULMINATE
Ful"mi*nate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fulminated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fulminating.] Etym: [L. fulminatus, p. p. of fulminare to lighten,
strike with lightning, fr. fulmen thunderbolt, fr. fulgere to shine.
See Fulgent, and cf. Fulmine.]

1. To thunder; hence, to make a loud, sudden noise; to detonate; to
explode with a violent report.

2. To issue or send forth decrees or censures with the assumption of
supreme authority; to thunder forth menaces.

FULMINATE
Ful"mi*nate, v. t.

1. To cause to explode. Sprat.

2. To utter or send out with denunciations or censures; -- said
especially of menaces or censures uttered by ecclesiastical
authority.
They fulminated the most hostile of all decrees. De Quincey.

FULMINATE
Ful"mi*nate, n. Etym: [Cf. P. fulminate. See Fulminate, v. i.]
(Chem.)
(a) A salt of fulminic acid. See under Fulminic.
(b) A fulminating powder. Fulminate of gold, an explosive compound of
gold; -- called also fulminating gold, and aurum fulminans.

FULMINATING
Ful"mi*na"ting, a.

1. Thundering; exploding in a peculiarly sudden or violent manner.

2. Hurling denunciations, menaces, or censures. Fulminating oil,
nitroglycerin.
 -- Fulminating powder (Chem.) any violently explosive powder, but
especially one of the fulminates, as mercuric fulminate.

FULMINATION
Ful"mi*na`tion, n. Etym: [L. fulminatio a darting of lightning: cf.
F. fulmination.]

1. The act of fulminating or exploding; detonation.

2. The act of thundering forth threats or censures, as with
authority.

3. That which is fulminated or thundered forth; vehement menace or
censure.
The fulminations from the Vatican were turned into ridicule. Ayliffe.

FULMINATORY
Ful"mi*na*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fulminatoire.]

Defn: Thundering; striking terror. Cotgrave.

FULMINE
Ful"mine, v. i. Etym: [F. fulminer. See Fulminate, v.]

Defn: To thunder. [Obs.] Spenser. Milton.

FULMINE
Ful"mine, v. t.

Defn: To shoot; to dart like lightning; to fulminate; to utter with
authority or vehemence.
She fulmined out her scorn of laws Salique. Tennyson.

FULMINEOUS
Ful*min"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. fulmen thunder.]

Defn: Of, or concerning thunder.

FULMINIC
Ful*min"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fulminique.]

Defn: Pertaining to fulmination; detonating; specifically (Chem.),
pertaining to, derived from, or denoting, an acid, so called; as,
fulminic acid. Fulminic acid (Chem.), a complex acid, H2C2N2O2,
isomeric with cyanic and cyanuric acids, and not known in the free
state, but forming a large class of highly explosive salts, the
fulminates. Of these, mercuric fulminate, the most common, is used,
mixed with niter, to fill percussion caps, charge cartridges, etc.
 -- Fulminic acid is made by the action of nitric acid on alcohol.

FULMINURIC
Ful"mi*nu"ric, a. Etym: [Fulminic + cyanuric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to fulminic and cyanuric acids, and designating an
acid so called. Fulminuric acid (Chem.), a white, crystalline,
explosive subatance, H3C3N3O3, forming well known salts, and obtained
from the fulnunates. It is isomeric with cyanuric acid, and hence is
also called isocyanuric acid.

FULNESS
Ful"ness, n.

Defn: See Fullness.

FULNESS
Ful"ness, n.

Defn: See Fullness.

FULSAMIC
Ful*sam"ic, a. Etym: [See Fulsome.]

Defn: Fulsome. [Obs.]

FULSOME
Ful"some, a. Etym: [Full, a. + -some.]

1. Full; abundant; plenteous; not shriveled. [Obs.]
His lean, pale, hoar, and withered corpse grew fulsome, fair, and
fresh. Golding.

2. Offending or disgusting by overfullness, excess, or grossness;
cloying; gross; nauseous; esp., offensive from excess of praise; as,
fulsome flattery.
And lest the fulsome artifice should fail Themselves will hide its
coarseness with a veil. Cowper.

3. Lustful; wanton; obscene; also, tending to obscenity. [Obs.]
"Fulsome ewes." Shak.
 -- Ful"some*ly, adv.
 -- Ful"some*ness, n. Dryden.

FULVID
Ful"vid, a. Etym: [LL. fulvidus, fr. L. fulvus.]

Defn: Fulvous. [R.] Dr. H. More.

FULVOUS
Ful"vous, a. Etym: [L. fulvus.]

Defn: Tawny; dull yellow, with a mixture of gray and brown. Lindley.

FUM
Fum, v. i.

Defn: To play upon a fiddle. [Obs.]
Follow me, and fum as you go. B. Jonson.

FUMACIOUS
Fu*ma"cious, a. Etym: [From Fume.]

Defn: Smoky; hence, fond of smoking; addicted to smoking tobacco.

FUMADE; FUMADO
Fu*made", Fu*ma"do (, n.; pl. Fumades, Fumadoes. Etym: [Sp. fumodo
smoked, p. p. of fumar to smoke, fr. L. fumare. See Fume, v. i.]

Defn: A salted and smoked fish, as the pilchard.

FUMAGE
Fu"mage, n. Etym: [OF. fumage, fumaige, fr. L. fumus smoke.]

Defn: Hearth money.
Fumage, or fuage, vulgarly called smoke farthings. Blackstone.

FUMARATE
Fu"ma*rate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of fumaric acid.

FUMARIC
Fu*mar"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, fumitory (Fumaria officinalis).
Fumaric acid (Chem.), a widely occurring organic acid, exttracted
from fumitory as a white crystallline substance, C2H2(CO2H)2, and
produced artificially in many ways, as by the distillation of malic
acid; boletic acid. It is found also in the lichen, Iceland moss, and
hence was also called lichenic acid.

FUMARINE
Fu"ma*rine, n. Etym: [L. fumus smoke, fume.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid extracted from fumitory, as a white crystalline
substance.

FUMAROLE
Fu"ma*role, n. Etym: [It. fumaruola, fr. fumo smoke, L. fumus: cf. F.
fumerolle, fumarolle.]

Defn: A hole or spot in a volcanic or other region, from which fumes
issue.

FUMATORIUM
Fu`ma*to"ri*um, n.; L. pl. -ria (#). [NL., fr. L. fumare, fumatum, to
smoke.]

Defn: An air-tight compartment in which vapor may be generated to
destroy germs or insects; esp., the apparatus used to destroy San
José scale on nursery stock, with hydrocyanic acid vapor.

FUMATORY
Fu"ma*to*ry, n.

Defn: See Fumitory. [Obs.]

FUMBLE
Fum"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fumbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fumbling.]
Etym: [Akin to D. fommelen to crumple, fumble, Sw. fumla to fusuble,
famla to grope, Dan. famle to grope, fumble, Icel. falme, AS. folm
palm of the hand. See Feel, and cf. Fanble, Palm.]

1. To feel or grope about; to make awkward attempts to do or find
something.
Adams now began to fumble in his pockets. Fielding.

2. To grope about in perplexity; to seek awkwardly; as, to fumble for
an excuse. Dryden.
My understanding flutters and my memory fumbles. Chesterfield.
Alas! how he fumbles about the domains. Wordsworth.

3. To handle much; to play childishly; to turn over and over.
I saw him fumble with the sheets, and play with flowers. Shak.

FUMBLE
Fum"ble, v. t.

Defn: To handle or manage awkwardly; to crowd or tumble together.
Shak.

FUMBLER
Fum"bler, n.

Defn: One who fumbles.

FUMBLINGLY
Fum"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of one who fumbles.

FUME
Fume, n. Etym: [L. fumus; akin to Skr. dh smoke, dh to shake, fan a
flame, cf. Gr. fum smoke, F. fumée. Cf. Dust, n., Femerell, Thyme.]

1. Exhalation; volatile matter (esp. noxious vapor or smoke)
ascending in a dense body; smoke; vapor; reek; as, the fumes of
tobacco.
The fumes of new shorn hay. T. Warton.
The fumes of undigested wine. Dryden.

2. Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of self-control; as,
the fumes of passion. South.

3. Anything vaporlike, unsubstantial, or' airy; idle conceit; vain
imagination.
A show of fumes and fancies. Bacon.

4. The incense of praise; inordinate flattery.
To smother him with fumes and eulogies. Burton.
In a fume, in ill temper, esp. from impatience.

FUME
Fume, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fumed; p. pr. & vb. n. Fuming.] Etym: [Cf.
F. fumer, L. fumare to smoke. See Fume, n.]

1. To smoke; to throw off fumes, as in combustion or chemical action;
to rise up, as vapor.
Where the golden altar fumed. Milton.
Silenus lay, Whose constant cups lay fuming to his brain. Roscommon.

2. To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied.
Keep his brain fuming. Shak.

3. To pass off in fumes or vapors.
Their parts pre kept from fuming away by their fixity. Cheyne.

4. To be in a rage; to be hot with anger.
He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground. Dryden.
While her mother did fret, and her father did fume. Sir W. Scott.
To tame away, to give way to excitement and displeasure; to storm;
also, to pass off in fumes.

FUME
Fume, e. t.

1. To expose to the action of fumes; to treat with vapors, smoke,
etc.; as, to bleach straw by fuming it with sulphur; to fill with
fumes, vapors, odors, etc., as a room.
She fumed the temple with an odorous flame. Dryden.

2. To praise inordinately; to flatter.
They demi-deify and fume him so. Cowper.

3. To throw off in vapor, or as in the form of vapor.
The heat will fume away most of the scent. Montimer.
How vicious hearts fume frenzy to the brain! Young.

FUMED OAK
Fumed oak. (Cabinetwork)

Defn: Oak given a weathered appearance by exposure in an air-tight
compartment to fumes of ammonia from uncorked cans, being first given
a coat of filler.

FUMELESS
Fume"less, a.

Defn: Free from fumes.

FUMER
Fum"er, n.

1. One that fumes.

2. One who makes or uses perfumes. [Obs.]
Embroiderers, feather makers, fumers. Beau. & Fl.

FUMERELL
Fu"mer*ell, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Femerell.

FUMET
Fu"met, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fumier dung, OF. femier, fr. L. fimus dung.]

Defn: The dung of deer. B. Jonson.

FUMET; FUMETTE
Fu"met Fu*mette", n. Etym: [F. fumet odor, fume of wine or meat, fr.
L. fumus smoke. See Fume, n.]

Defn: The stench or high flavor of game or other meat when kept long.
Swift.

FUMETERE
Fu"me*tere", n.

Defn: Fumitory. [Obs.]

FUMID
Fu"mid, a. Etym: [L. fumidus, fr. fumus smoke. See Fume.]

Defn: Smoky; vaporous. Sir T. Broune.

FUMIDITY; FUMIDNESS
Fu*mid"i*ty, Fu"mid*ness n.

Defn: The state of being fumid; smokiness.

FUMIFEROUS
Fu*mif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. fumifer; fumus smoke + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Producing smoke.

FUMIFUGIST
Fu*mif"u*gist, n. Etym: [L. fumus smoke + fugare to put to flight,
fugere to flee.]

Defn: One who, or that which, drives away smoke or fumes.

FUMIFY
Fu"mi*fy, v. t. Etym: [Fume + -fy.]

Defn: To subject to the action of smoke. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

FUMIGANT
Fu"mi*gant, a. Etym: [L. fumigans, p. pr. of fumigare. See Fumigate.]

Defn: Fuming. [R.]

FUMIGATE
Fu"mi*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fumigated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fumigating.] Etym: [L. fumigate, p. p. of fumigare to fumigate, fr.
fumus smoke. See Fume, n.]

1. To apply smoke to; to expose to smoke or vapor; to purify, or free
from infection, by the use of smoke or vapors.

2. To smoke; to perfume. Dryden.

FUMIGATION
Fum`iga"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fumigation.]

1. The act of fumigating, or applying smoke or vapor, as for
disinfection.

2. Vapor raised in the process of fumigating.

FUMIGATOR
Fu"mi*ga`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, fumigates; an apparattus for
fumigating.

FUMIGATORY
Fu"mi*ga*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fumigatoire.]

Defn: Having the quality of purifying by smoke. [R.]

FUMILY
Fum"i*ly, adv.

Defn: Smokily; with fume.

FUMING
Fum"ing, a.

Defn: Producing fumes, or vapors. Cadet's fuming liquid (Chem.),
alkarsin.
 -- Fuming liquor of Libsvius (Old Chem.), stannic chloride; the
chloride of tin, SnCl4, forming a colorless, mobile liquid which
fumes in the air. Mixed with water it solidifies to the so-called
butter of tin.
 -- Fuming sulphuric acid. (Chem.) Same as Disulphuric acid, uder
Disulphuric.

FUMINGLY
Fum"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a fuming manner; angrily. "They answer fumingly." Hooker.

FUMISH
Fum"ish, a.

Defn: Smoky; hot; choleric.

FUMISH
Fum"ish, a.

Defn: Smoky; hot; choleric.

FUMISHNESS
Fum"ish*ness, n.

Defn: Choler; fretfulness; passion.

FUMITER
Fu"mi*ter`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Fumitory. [Obs.]

FUMITORY
Fu"mi*to*ry, n. Etym: [OE. fumetere, F. fumeterre, prop., smoke of
the ground, fr. L. fumus smoke + terra earth. See Fume, and Terrace.]
(Bot.)

Defn: The common uame of several species of the genus Fumaria, annual
herbs of the Old World, with finely dissected leaves and small
flowers in dense racemes or spikes. F. officinalis is a common
species, and was formerly used as an antiscorbutic. Climbing fumitory
(Bot.), the Alleghany vine (Adlumia cirrhosa); a biennial climbing
plant with elegant feathery leaves and large clusters of pretty white
or pinkish flowers looking like grains of rice.

FUMMEL
Fum"mel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hinny.

FUMOSITY
Fu*mos"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. fumosité.]

Defn: The fumes of drink. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FUMOUS
Fum"ous, a. Etym: [L. fumosus, fr. fumus smoke: cf. F. fumeux.]

1. Producing smoke; smoky.

2. Producing fumes; full of fumes.
Garlic, onions, mustard, and such-like fumous things. Barough (1625).

FUMY
Fum"y, a.

Defn: Producing fumes; fumous. "Drowned in fumy wine." H. Brooke.

FUN
Fun, n. Etym: [Perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. fonn
pleasure.]

Defn: Sport; merriment; frolicsome amusement. "Oddity, frolic, and
fun." Goldsmith. To make fan of, to hold up to, or turn into,
ridicule.

FUNAMBULATE
Fu*nam"bu*late, v. i. Etym: [See Funambulo.]

Defn: To walk or to dance on a rope.

FUNAMBULATION
Fu*nam"bu*la`tion, n.

Defn: Ropedancing.

FUNAMBULATORY
Fu*nam"bu*la`to*ry, a.

1. Performing like a ropedancer. Chambers.

2. Narrow, like the walk of a ropedancer.
This funambulatory track. Sir T. Browne.

FUNAMBULIST
Fu*nam"bu*list, n.

Defn: A ropewalker or ropedancer.

FUNAMBULO; FUNAMBULUS
Fu*nam"bu*lo, Fu*nam"bu*lus n. Etym: [Sp. funambulo, or It.
funambolo, fr. L. funambulus; funis rope (perh. akin to E. bind) +
ambulare to walk. See Amble, and cf. Funambulist.]

Defn: A ropewalker or ropedancer. [Obs.] Bacon.

FUNCTION
Func"tion, n. Etym: [L. functio, fr. fungi to perform, execute, akin
to Skr. bhuj to enjoy, have the use of: cf. F. fonction. Cf.
Defunct.]

1. The act of executing or performing any duty, office, or calling;
per formance. "In the function of his public calling." Swift.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The appropriate action of any special organ or part of an
animal or vegetable organism; as, the function of the heart or the
limbs; the function of leaves, sap, roots, etc.; life is the sum of
the functions of the various organs and parts of the body.

3. The natural or assigned action of any power or faculty, as of the
soul, or of the intellect; the exertion of an energy of some
determinate kind.
As the mind opens, and its functions spread. Pope.

4. The course of action which peculiarly pertains to any public
officer in church or state; the activity appropriate to any business
or profession.
Tradesmen . . . going about their functions. Shak.
The malady which made him incapable of performing his regal
functions. Macaulay.

5. (Math.)

Defn: A quantity so connected with another quantity, that if any
alteration be made in the latter there will be a consequent
alteration in the former. Each quantity is said to be a function of
the other. Thus, the circumference of a circle is a function of the
diameter. If x be a symbol to which different numerical values can be
assigned, such expressions as x2, 3x, Log. x, and Sin. x, are all
functions of x. Algebraic function, a quantity whose connection with
the variable is expressed by an equation that involves only the
algebraic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division, raising to a given power, and extracting a given root; --
opposed to transcendental function.
 -- Arbitrary function. See under Arbitrary.
 -- Calculus of functions. See under Calculus.
 -- Carnot's function (Thermo-dynamics), a relation between the
amount of heat given off by a source of heat, and the work which can
be done by it. It is approximately equal to the mechanical equivalent
of the thermal unit divided by the number expressing the temperature
in degrees of the air thermometer, reckoned from its zero of
expansion.
 -- Circular functions. See Inverse trigonometrical functions
(below).
 -- Continuous function, a quantity that has no interruption in the
continuity of its real values, as the variable changes between any
specified limits.
 -- Discontinuous function. See under Discontinuous.
 -- Elliptic functions, a large and important class of functions, so
called because one of the forms expresses the relation of the arc of
an ellipse to the straight lines connected therewith.
 -- Explicit function, a quantity directly expressed in terms of the
independently varying quantity; thus, in the equations y = 6x2, y =
10 -x3, the quantity y is an explicit function of x.
 -- Implicit function, a quantity whose relation to the variable is
expressed indirectly by an equation; thus, y in the equation x2 + y2
= 100 is an implicit function of x.
 -- Inverse trigonometrical functions, or Circular function, the
lengths of arcs relative to the sines, tangents, etc. Thus, AB is the
arc whose sine is BD, and (if the length of BD is x) is written sin -
1x, and so of the other lines. See Trigonometrical function (below).
Other transcendental functions are the exponential functions, the
elliptic functions, the gamma functions, the theta functions, etc.
 -- One-valued function, a quantity that has one, and only one, value
for each value of the variable.
 -- Transcendental functions, a quantity whose connection with the
variable cannot be expressed by algebraic operations; thus, y in the
equation y = 10x is a transcendental function of x. See Algebraic
function (above).
 -- Trigonometrical function, a quantity whose relation to the
variable is the same as that of a certain straight line drawn in a
circle whose radius is unity, to the length of a corresponding are of
the circle. Let AB be an arc in a circle, whose radius OA is unity
let AC be a quadrant, and let OC, DB, and AF be drawnpependicular to
OA, and EB and CG parallel to OA, and let OB be produced to G and F.
E Then BD is the sine of the arc AB; OD or EB is the cosine, AF is
the tangent, CG is the cotangent, OF is the secant OG is the
cosecant, AD is the versed sine, and CE is the coversed sine of the
are AB. If the length of AB be represented by x (OA being unity) then
the lengths of Functions. these lines (OA being unity) are the
trigonometrical functions of x, and are written sin x, cos x, tan x
(or tang x), cot x, sec x, cosec x, versin x, coversin x. These
quantities are also considered as functions of the angle BOA.

FUNCTION; FUNCTIONATE
Func"tion, Func"tion*ate, v. i.

Defn: To execute or perform a function; to transact one's regular or
appointed business.

FUNCTIONAL
Func"tion*al, a.

1. Pertaining to, or connected with, a function or duty; official.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Pertaining to the function of an organ or part, or to the
functions in general. Functional disease (Med.), a disease of which
the symptoms cannot be referred to any appreciable lesion or change
of structure; the derangement of an organ arising from a cause, often
unknown, external to itself opposed to organic disease, in which the
organ itself is affected.

FUNCTIONALIZE
Func"tion*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To assign to some function or office. [R.]

FUNCTIONALLY
Func"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a functional manner; as regards normal or appropriate
activity.
The organ is said to be functionally disordered. Lawrence.

FUNCTIONARY
Func"tion*a*ry, n.; pl. Functionaries. Etym: [Cf. F. fonctionnaire.]

Defn: One charged with the performance of a function or office; as, a
public functionary; secular functionaries.

FUNCTIONLESS
Func"tion*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of function, or of an appropriate organ. Darwin.

FUND
Fund, n. Etym: [OF. font, fond, nom. fonz, bottom, ground, F. fond
bottom, foundation, fonds fund, fr. L. fundus bottom, ground,
foundation, piece of land. See Found to establish.]

1. An aggregation or deposit of resources from which supplies are or
may be drawn for carrying on any work, or for maintaining existence.

2. A stock or capital; a sum of money appropriated as the foundation
of some commercial or other operation undertaken with a view to
profit; that reserve by means of which expenses and credit are
supported; as, the fund of a bank, commercial house, manufacturing
corporation, etc.

3. pl.

Defn: The stock of a national debt; public securities; evidences
(stocks or bonds) of money lent to government, for which interest is
paid at prescribed intervals; -- called also public funds.

4. An invested sum, whose income is devoted to a specific object; as,
the fund of an ecclesiastical society; a fund for the maintenance of
lectures or poor students; also, money systematically collected to
meet the expenses of some permanent object.

5. A store laid up, from which one may draw at pleasure; a supply; a
full provision of resources; as, a fund of wisdom or good sense.
An inexhaustible fund of stories. Macaulay.
Sinking fund, the aggregate of sums of money set apart and invested,
usually at fixed intervals, for the extinguishment of the debt of a
government, or of a corporation, by the accumulation of interest.

FUND
Fund, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Funded; p. pr. & vb. n. Funding.]

1. To provide and appropriate a fund or permanent revenue for the
payment of the interest of; to make permanent provision of resources
(as by a pledge of revenue from customs) for discharging the interest
of or principal of; as, to fund government notes.

2. To place in a fund, as money.

3. To put into the form of bonds or stocks bearing regular interest;
as, to fund the floating debt.

FUNDABLE
Fund"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being funded, or converted into a fund; convertible
into bonds.

FUNDAMENT
Fun"da*ment, n. Etym: [OE. fundament, fundement, fondement, OF.
fundement, fondement, F. fondement, fr. L. fundamentum foundation,
fr. fundare to lay the bottom, to found, fr. fundus bottom. See
Fund.]

1. Foundation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. The part of the body on which one sits; the buttocks; specifically
(Anat.), the anus. Hume.

FUNDAMENTAL
Fun`da*men"tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fondamental.]

Defn: Pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the
foundation. Hence: Essential, as an element, principle, or law;
important; original; elementary; as, a fundamental truth; a
fundamental axiom.
The fundamental reasons of this war. Shak.
Some fundamental antithesis in nature. Whewell.
Fundamental bass (Mus.), the root note of a chord; a bass formed of
the roots or fundamental tones of the chords.
 -- Fundamental chord (Mus.), a chord, the lowest tone of which is
its root.
 -- Fundamental colors, red, green, and violet-blue. See Primary
colors, under Color.

FUNDAMENTAL
Fun"da*men`tal, n.

Defn: A leading or primary principle, rule, law, or article, which
serves as the groundwork of a system; essential part, as, the
fundamentals of the Christian faith.

FUNDAMENTALLY
Fun`da*men"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: Primarily; originally; essentially; radically; at the
foundation; in origin or constituents. "Fundamentally defective."
Burke.

FUNDED
Fund"ed, a.

1. Existing in the form of bonds bearing regular interest; as, funded
debt.

2. Invested in public funds; as, funded money.

FUNDHOLDER
Fund"hold"er, a.

Defn: One who has money invested in the public funds. J. S. Mill.

FUNDING
Fund"ing, a.

1. Providing a fund for the payment of the interest or principal of a
debt.

2. Investing in the public funds. Funding system, a system or scheme
of finance or revenue by which provision is made for paying the
interest or principal of a public debt.

FUNDLESS
Fund"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of funds.

FUNDUS
Fun"dus, n. Etym: [L., bottom.] (Anat.)

Defn: The bottom or base of any hollow organ; as, the fundus of the
bladder; the fundus of the eye.

FUNEBRIAL
Fu*ne"bri*al, a. Etym: [L. funebris belonging to a funeral, fr. funus
funeral.]

Defn: Pertaining to a funeral or funerals; funeral; funereal. [Obs.]
[Written also funebral.] Sir T. Browne.

FUNEBRIOUS
Fu*ne"bri*ous, a.

Defn: Funebrial. [Obs.]

FUNERAL
Fu"ner*al, n. Etym: [LL. funeralia, prop. neut. pl. of funeralis of a
funeral, fr. L. funus, funeris, funeral: cf. F. funérailles.]

1. The solemn rites used in the disposition of a dead human body,
whether such disposition be by interment, burning, or otherwise;
esp., the ceremony or solemnization of interment; obsequies; burial;
-- formerly used in the plural.
King James his funerals were performed very solemnly in the
collegiate church at Westminster. Euller.

2. The procession attending the burial of the dead; the show and
accompaniments of an interment. "The long funerals." Pope.

3. A funeral sermon; -- usually in the plural. [Obs.]
Mr. Giles Lawrence preached his funerals. South.

FUNERAL
Fu"ner*al, a. Etym: [LL. funeralis. See Funeral, n.]

Defn: Per. taining to a funeral; used at the interment of the dead;
as, funeral rites, honors, or ceremonies. Shak. Funeral pile, a
structure of combustible material, upon which a dead body is placed
to be reduced to ashes, as part of a funeral rite; a pyre.
 -- Fu"ner*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

FUNERATE
Fu"ner*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. funeratus, p. p. of funerare to funerate,
fr. funus. See Funeral.]

Defn: To bury with funeral rites. [Obs.] Cockeram.

FUNERATION
Fu`ner*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. funeratio.]

Defn: The act of burying with funeral rites. [Obs.] Knatchbull.

FUNEREAL
Fu*ne"re*al, a. Etym: [L. funereus, fr. fentus a funeral.]

Defn: Suiting a funeral; pertaining to burial; solemn. Hence: Dark;
dismal; mournful. Jer. Taylor.
What seem to us but sad funereal tapers May be heaven's distant
lamps. Longfellow.
-- Fu*ne"re*al*ly, adv.

FUNEST
Fu*nest", a. Etym: [L. funestus, fr. funus a funeral, destruction:
cf. F. funeste.]

Defn: Lamentable; doleful. [R.] "Funest and direful deaths."
Coleridge.
A forerunner of something very funest. Evelyn.

FUNGAL
Fun"gal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to fungi.

FUNGATE
Fun"gate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fongate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of fungic acid. [Formerly written also fungiate.]

FUNGE
Funge, n. Etym: [L. fungus mushroom, dolt.]

Defn: A blockhead; a dolt; a fool. [Obs.] Burton.

FUNGI
Fun"gi, n. pl. (Bot.)

Defn: See Fungus.

FUNGIA
Fun"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. fongie.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of simple, stony corals; -- so called because they are
usually flat and circular, with radiating plates, like the gills of a
mushroom. Some of them are eighteen inches in diameter.

FUNGIAN
Fun"gi*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Fungidæ, a family of stony corals.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Fungidæ.

FUNGIBLES
Fun"gi*bles, n. pl. Etym: [LL. (res) fungibiles, probably fr. L.
fungi to discharge. "A barbarous term, supposed to have originated in
the use of the words functionem recipere in the Digeste." Bouvier.
"Called fungibiles, quia una alterius vice fungitur." John Taylor
(1755). Cf. Function.]

1. (Civ. Law)

Defn: Things which may be furnished or restored in kind, as
distinguished from specific things; -- called also fungible things.
Burrill.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: Movable goods which may be valued by weight or measure, in
contradistinction from those which must be judged of individually.
Jamieson.

FUNGIC
Fun"gic, a. Etym: [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. fungique, fongique.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, mushrooms; as, fungic acid.

FUNGICIDE
Fun"gi*cide`, n. Etym: [Fungi + -cide, fr. L. caedere to kill.]

Defn: Anything that kills fungi.
 -- Fun`gi*ci"dal, n.

FUNGIFORM
Fun"gi*form, a. Etym: [Eungus + -form: cf. F. fongiforme.]

Defn: Shaped like a fungus or mushroom. Fungiform papillæ (Anat.),
numerous small, rounded eminences on the upper surface of the tongue.

FUNGI IMPERFECTI
Fun"gi Im`per*fec"ti, pl. [L. imperfecti imperfect.] (Bot.)

Defn: A heterogenous group of fungi of which the complete life
history is not known. Some undoubtedly represent the conidium stages
of various Ascomycetes. The group is divided into the orders
Sphæropsidales, Melanconiales, and Moniliales.

FUNGILLIFORM
Fun*gil"li*form, a.

Defn: Shaped like a small fungus.

FUNGIN
Fun"gin, n. Etym: [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F, fongine, fungine.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A name formerly given to cellulose found in certain fungi and
mushrooms.

FUNGITE
Fun"gite, n. Etym: [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. pongite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil coral resembling Fungia.

FUNGIVOROUS
Fun*giv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. fungus + vorare to eat freedily: cf. F.
fangivore.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Eating fungi; -- said of certain insects and snails.

FUNGOID
Fun"goid, a. Etym: [Fungus + -oil: cf. F. fongoïde.]

Defn: Like a fungus; fungous; spongy.

FUNGOLOGIST
Fun*gol"o*gist, n.

Defn: A mycologist.

FUNGOLOGY
Fun*gol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Fungus + --logy.]

Defn: Mycology.

FUNGOSITY
Fun*gos"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fungosité, fongosité.]

Defn: The quality of that which is fungous; fungous excrescence.
Dunglison.

FUNGOUS
Fun"gous, a. Etym: [L. fungosus: cf. F. fungueux.]

1. Of the nature of fungi; spongy.

2. Growing suddenly, but not substantial or durable.

FUNGUS
Fun"gus, n.; pl. L. Fungi, E. Funguses. Etym: [L., a mushroom; perh.
akin to a doubtful Gr. sponge.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of the Fungi, a large and very complex group of
thallophytes of low organization, -- the molds, mildews, rusts,
smuts, mushrooms, toadstools, puff balls, and the allies of each.

Note: The fungi are all destitute of chorophyll, and, therefore, to
be supplied with elaborated nourishment, must live as saprophytes or
parasites. They range in size from single microscopic cells to
systems of entangled threads many feet in extent, which develop
reproductive bodies as large as a man's head. The vegetative system
consists of septate or rarely unseptate filaments called hyphæ; the
aggregation of hyphæ into structures of more or less definite form is
known as the mycelium. See Fungi, in the Supplement.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A spongy, morbid growth or granulation in animal bodies, as the
proud flesh of wounds. Hoblyn.

FUNIC
Fu"nic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Funicular.

FUNICLE
Fu"ni*cle, n. Etym: [L. funiculus, dim. of funis cord, rope: cf. F.
funicule funicle (in sense 2). Cf. Funambulo.] (Bot.)

1. A small cord, ligature, or fiber.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The little stalk that attaches a seed to the placenta.

FUNICULAR
Fu*nic"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. funiculaire.]

1. Consisting of a small cord or fiber.

2. Dependent on the tension of a cord.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to a funiculus; made up of, or resembling, a
funiculus, or funiculi; as, a funicular ligament. Funicular action
(Mech.), the force or action exerted by a rope in drawing together
the supports to which its ends are Fastened, when acted upon by
forces applied in a direction transverse to the rope, as in the
archer's bow.
 -- Funicular curve. Same as Catenary.
 -- Funicular machine (Mech.), an apparatus for illustrating certain
principles in statics, consisting of a cord or chain attached at one
end to a fixed point, and having the other passed over a pulley and
sustaining a weight, while one or more other weights are suspended
from the cord at points between the fixed support and the pulley.
 -- Funicular polygon (Mech.), the polygonal figure assumed by a cord
fastened at its extremities, and sustaining weights at different
points.

FUNICULATE
Fu*nic"u*late, a.

Defn: Forming a narrow ridge.

FUNICULUS
Fu*nic"u*lus, n.; pl. Funiculi. Etym: [L., a little cord. See
Funicle.]

1. (Anat.) A cord, baud, or bundle of fibers; esp., one of the small
bundles of fibers, of which large nerves are made up; applied also to
different bands of white matter in the brain and spinal cord.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A short cord which connects the embryo of some myriapods with the
amnion.
(b) In Bryozoa, an organ extending back from the stomach. See
Bryozoa, and Phylactolema.

FUNILIFORM
Fu*nil"i*form, a. Etym: [L. funis rope + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling a cord in toughness and flexibility, as the roots of
some endogenous trees.

FUNIS
Fu"nis, n. Etym: [L., a rope. ]

Defn: A cord; specifically, the umbilical cord or navel string.

FUNK
Funk, n. Etym: [OE. funke a little fire; akin to Prov. E. funk
touchwood, G. funke spark, and perh. to Goth. f fire.]

Defn: An offensive smell; a stench. [Low]

FUNK
Funk, v. t.

Defn: To envelop with an offensive smell or smoke. [Obs.] King.

FUNK
Funk, v. i.

1. To emit an offensive smell; to stink.

2. To be frightened, and shrink back; to flinch; as, to funk at the
edge of a precipice. [Colloq.] C. Kingsley. To funk out, to back out
in a cowardly fashion. [Colloq.]
To funk right out o' political strife. Lowell (Biglow Papers).

FUNK; FUNKING
Funk, Funk"ing, n.

Defn: A shrinking back through fear. [Colloq.] "The horrid panic, or
funk (as the men of Eton call it)." De Quincey.

FUNKY
Funk"y, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, great fear, or funking.
[Colloq. Eng.]

FUNNEL
Fun"nel, n. Etym: [OE. funel, fonel, prob. through OF. fr, L.
fundibulum, infundibulum, funnel, fr. infundere to pour in; in in +
fundere to pour; cf. Armor. founil funnel, W. ffynel air hole,
chimney. See Fuse, v. t.]

1. A vessel of the shape of an inverted hollow cone, terminating
below in a pipe, and used for conveying liquids into a close vessel;
a tunnel.

2. A passage or avenue for a fluid or flowing substance;
specifically, a smoke flue or pipe; the iron chimney of a steamship
or the like. Funnel box (Mining), an apparatus for collecting finely
crushed ore from water. Knight.
 -- Funnel stay (Naut.), one of the ropes or rods steadying a
steamer's funnel.

FUNNELFORM
Fun"nel*form`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of a funnel, or tunnel; that is, expanding
gradually from the bottom upward, as the corolla of some flowers;
infundibuliform.

FUNNY
Fun"ny, a. [Compar. Funnier; superl. Funniest.] Etym: [From Fun.]

Defn: Droll; comical; amusing; laughable. Funny bone. See crazy bone,
under Crazy.

FUNNY
Fun"ny, n.; pl. Funnies (.

Defn: A clinkerbuit, narrow boat for sculling. [Eng.]

FUR
Fur, n. Etym: [OE. furre, OF. forre, fuerre, sheatth, case, of German
origin; cf. OHG. fuotar lining, case, G. futter; akin to Icel. f
lining, Goth. f, scabbard; cf. Skr. p vessel, dish. The German and
Icel. words also have the sense, fodder, but this was probably a
different word originally. Cf. Fodder food, Fother, v. t., Forel, n.]

1. The short, fine, soft hair of certain animals, growing thick on
the skin, and distinguished from the hair, which is longer and
coarser.

2. The skins of certain wild animals with the fur; peltry; as, a
cargo of furs.

3. Strips of dressed skins with fur, used on garments for warmth or
for ornament.

4. pl.

Defn: Articles of clothing made of fur; as, a set of furs for a lady
(a collar, tippet, or cape, muff, etc.).
Wrapped up in my furs. Lady M. W. Montagu.

5. Any coating considered as resembling fur; as:
(a) A coat of morbid matter collected on the tongue in persons
affected with fever.
(b) The soft, downy covering on the skin of a peach.
(c) The deposit formed on the interior of boilers and other vessels
by hard water.

6. (Her.)

Defn: One of several patterns or diapers used as tinctures. There are
nine in all, or, according to some writers, only six. See Tincture.

FUR
Fur, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to furs; bearing or made of fur; as, a fur
cap; the fur trade. Fur seal (Zoöl.) one of several species of seals
of the genera Callorhinus and Arclocephalus, inhabiting the North
Pacific and the Antarctic oceans. They have a coat of fine and soft
fur which is highly prized. The northern fur seal (Callorhinus
ursinus) breeds in vast numbers on the Prybilov Islands, off the
coast of Alaska; -- called also sea bear.

FUR
Fur, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furred; p. pr. & vb. n. Furring.]

1. To line, face, or cover with fur; as, furred robes. "You fur your
gloves with reason." Shak.

2. To cover with morbid matter, as the tongue.

3. (Arch.) To nail small strips of board or larger scantling upon, in
order to make a level surface for lathing or boarding, or to provide
for a space or interval back of the plastered or boarded surface, as
inside an outer wall, by way of protection against damp. Gwill.

FURACIOUS
Fu*ra"cious, a. Etym: [L. furax, -racis thievish, from fur thief.]

Defn: Given to theft; thievish. [Obs.]

FURACITY
Fu*rac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. furacitas.]

Defn: Addictedness to theft; thievishness. [Obs.]

FURBELOW
Fur"be*low, n. Etym: [Prov. F. farbala, equiv. to F. falbala, It.
falbalà.]

Defn: A plaited or gathered flounce on a woman's garment.

FURBELOW
Fur"be*low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furbelowed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Furbelowing.]

Defn: To put a furbelow on; to ornament.

FURBISH
Fur"bish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furbished; p. pr. & vb. n. Furbishing.]
Etym: [OE. forbischen, OF. forbir, furbir, fourbir, F. fourbir, fr.
OHG. furban to clean. See -ish.]

Defn: To rub or scour to brightness; to clean; to burnish; as, to
furbish a sword or spear. Shak.
Furbish new the name of John a Gaunt. Shak.

FURBISHABLE
Fur"bish*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being furbished.

FURBISHER
Fur"bish*er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fourbisseur.]

Defn: One who furbishes; esp., a sword cutler, who finishes sword
blades and similar weapons.

FURCATE; FURCATED
Fur"cate, Fur"ca*ted, a. Etym: [L. furca fork. See Fork.]

Defn: Forked; branching like a fork; as, furcate twigs.

FURCATION
Fur*ca"tion, n.

Defn: A branching like a. fork.

FURCIFEROUS
Fur*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. furcifer yoke bearer, scoundrel; furca
fork, yoke, fork-shaped instrument of punishment + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Rascally; scandalous. [R.] "Furciferous knaves." De Quincey.

FURCULA
Fur"cu*la, n. Etym: [L., a forked prop, dim. of furca a fork.]
(Anat.)

Defn: A forked process; the wishbone or furculum.

FURCULAR
Fur"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Shaped like a fork; furcate.

FURCULUM
Fur"cu*lum, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. furca a fork.] (Anat.)

Defn: The wishbone or merrythought of birds, formed by the united
clavicles.

FURDLE
Fur"dle, v. t. Etym: [See Fardel, and cf. Furl.]

Defn: To draw up into a bundle; to roll up. [Ods.]

FURFUR
Fur"fur, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Scurf; dandruff.

FURFURACEOUS
Fur"fu*ra"ceous, a. Etym: [L. furfuraceus.]

Defn: Made of bran; like bran; scurfy.

FURFURAN
Fur"fu*ran, n. Etym: [L. furfur bran.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, oily substance, C4H4O, obtained by distilling
certain organic substances, as pine wood, salts of pyromucic acid,
etc.; -- called also tetraphenol.

FURFURATION
Fur"fu*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. furfur bran, scurf.]

Defn: Falling of scurf from the head; desquamation.

FURFURINE
Fur"fu*rine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline base, obtained indirectly from furfurol.

FURFUROL
Fur"fu*rol, n. Etym: [L. furfur bran + oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless oily liquid, C4H3O.CHO, of a pleasant odor,
obtained by the distillation of bran, sugar, etc., and regarded as an
aldehyde derivative of furfuran; -- called also furfural.

FURFUROUS
Fur"fu*rous, a.

Defn: Made of bran; furfuraceous. [R.] "Furfurous bread." Sydney
Smith.

FURIAL
Fu"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. furialis: cf. OF. furial.]

Defn: Furious; raging; tormenting. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FURIBUNDAL
Fu`ri*bun"dal, a. Etym: [L. furibundus, fr. furere to rage.]

Defn: Full of rage. [Obs.] G. Harvey.

FURIES
Fu"ries, n. pl.

Defn: See Fury, 3.

FURILE
Fu"rile, n. Etym: [Furfurol + benzile.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow, crystalline substance, (C4H3O)2.C2O2, obtained by the
oxidation of furoin. [Written also furil.]

FURILIC
Fu*ril"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, furile; as, furilic acid.

FURIOSO
Fu"ri*o"so, a.& adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: With great force or vigor; vehemently.

FURIOUS
Fu"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. furiosus, fr. furia rage, fury: cf. F.
furieux. See Fury.]

1. Transported with passion or fury; raging; violent; as, a furious
animal.

2. Rushing with impetuosity; moving with violence; as, a furious
stream; a furious wind or storm.

Syn.
 -- Impetuous; vehement; boisterous; fierce; turbulent; tumultuous;
angry; mad; frantic; frenzied.
 -- Fu"ri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Fu"ri*ous*ness, n.

FURL
Furl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furld; p. pr. & vb. n. Furling.] Etym:
[Contr. fr. furdle, fr. fardel bundle: cf. F. ferler to furl, OF.
fardeler to pack. See Furdle, Fardel, and cf. Farl.]

Defn: To draw up or gather into close compass; to wrap or roll, as a
sail, close to the yard, stay, or mast, or, as a flag, close to or
around its staff, securing it there by a gasket or line. Totten.

FURLONG
Fur"long, n. Etym: [OE. furlong, furlang, AS. furlang, furlung,
prop., the length of a furrow; furh furrow + lang long. See Furrow,
and Long, a.]

Defn: A measure of length; the eighth part of a mile; forty rods; two
hundred and twenty yards.

FURLOUGH
Fur"lough, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. D. verlof, fr. a prefix akin to E. for
+ the root of E. lief, and akin to Dan. forlov, Sw. förlof, G.
verlaub permission. See Life, a.] (Mil.)

Defn: Leave of abserice; especially, leave given to an offcer or
soldier to be absent from service for a certain time; also, the
document granting leave of absence.

FURLOUGH
Fur"lough, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furloughed (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Furloughing.] (Mil.)

Defn: To furnish with a furlough; to grant leave of absence to, as to
an offcer or soldier.

FURMONTY; FURMITY
Fur"mon*ty, Fur"mi*ty n.

Defn: Same as Frumenty.

FURNACE
Fur"nace, n. Etym: [OE. fornais, forneis, OF. fornaise, F. fournaise,
from L. fornax; akin to furnus oven, and prob. to E. forceps.]

1. An inclosed place in which heat is produced by the combustion of
fuel, as for reducing ores or melting metals, for warming a house,
for baking pottery, etc.; as, an iron furnace; a hot-air furnace; a
glass furnace; a boiler furnace, etc.

Note: Furnaces are classified as wind or air. furnaces when the fire
is urged only by the natural draught; as blast furnaces, when the
fire is urged by the injection artificially of a forcible current of
air; and as reverberatory furnaces, when the flame, in passing to the
chimney, is thrown down by a low arched roof upon the materials
operated upon.

2. A place or time of punishment, affiction, or great trial; severe
experience or discipline. Deut. iv. 20. Bustamente furnace, a shaft
furnace for roasting quicksilver ores.
 -- Furnace bridge, Same as Bridge wall. See Bridge, n., 5.
 -- Furnace cadmiam or cadmia, the oxide of zinc which accumulates in
the chimneys of furnaces smelting zinciferous ores. Raymond.
 -- Furnace hoist (Iron Manuf.), a lift for raising ore, coal, etc.,
to the mouth of a blast furnace.

FURNACE
Fur"nace, n.

1. To throw out, or exhale, as from a furnace; also, to put into a
furnace. [Obs. or R.]
He furnaces The thick sighe from him. Shak.

FURNIMENT
Fur"ni*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fourniment. See Furnish.]

Defn: Furniture. [Obs.] Spenser.

FURNISH
Fur"nish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furnished; p. pr. & vb. n. Furnishing.]
Etym: [OF. furnir, fornir, to furnish, finish, F. fournir; akin to
Pr. formir, furmir, fromir, to accomplish, satisfy, fr. OHG. frumjan
to further, execute, do, akin to E. frame. See Frame, v. t., and -
ish.]

1. To supply with anything necessary, useful, or appropriate; to
provide; to equip; to fit out, or fit up; to adorn; as, to furnish a
family with provisions; to furnish one with arms for defense; to
furnish a Cable; to furnish the mind with ideas; to furnish one with
knowledge or principles; to furnish an expedition or enterprise, a
room or a house.
That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all
good works. 2 Tim. iii. 17,

2. To offer for use; to provide (something); to give (something); to
afford; as, to furnish food to the hungry: to furnish arms for
defense.
Ye are they . . . that furnish the drink offering unto that number.
Is. lxv. 11.
His writings and his life furnish abundant proofs that he was not a
man of strong sense. Macaulay.

FURNISH
Fur"nish, n.

Defn: That which is furnished as a specimen; a sample; a supply.
[Obs.] Greene.

FURNISHER
Fur"nish*er, n.

Defn: One who supplies or fits out.

FURNISHMENT
Fur"nish*ment, n.

Defn: The act of furnishing, or of supplying furniture; also,
furniture. [Obs.] Daniel.

FURNITURE
Fur"ni*ture, n. Etym: [F. fourniture. See Furnish, v. t.]

1. That with which anything is furnished or supplied; supplies;
outfit; equipment.
The form and all the furniture of the earth. Tillotson.
The thoughts which make the furniture of their minds. M. Arnold.

2. Articles used for convenience or decoration in a house or
apartment, as tables, chairs, bedsteads, sofas, carpets, curtains,
pictures, vases, etc.

3. The necessary appendages to anything, as to a machine, a carriage,
a ship, etc.
(a) (Naut.) The masts and rigging of a ship.
(b) (Mil.) The mountings of a gun.
(c) Builders' hardware such as locks, door and window trimmings.
(d) (Print) Pieces of wood or metal of a lesser height than the type,
placed around the pages or other matter in a form, and, with the
quoins, serving to secure the form in its place in the chase.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A mixed or compound stop in an organ; -- sometimes called
mixture.

FUROIN
Fu"ro*in, n. Etym: [See Furfurol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, crystalline substance, C10H8O4, from furfurol.

FURORE
Fu*ro"re, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: Excitement; commotion; enthusiasm.

FURRIER
Fur"ri*er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fourreur.]

Defn: A dealer in furs; one who makes or sells fur goods.

FURRIERY
Fur"ri*er*y, n.

1. Furs, in general. Tooke.

2. The business of a furrier; trade in furs.

FURRING
Fur"ring, n.

1. (Carp.)
(a) The leveling of a surface, or the preparing of an air space, by
means of strips of board or of larger pieces. See Fur, v. t., 3.
(b) The strips thus laid on.

2. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: Double planking of a ship's side.

3. A deposit from water, as on the inside of a boiler; also, the
operation of cleaning away this deposit.

FURROW
Fur"row, n. Etym: [OE. forow, forgh, furgh, AS. furh; akin to D.
voor, OHG. furuh, G. furche, Dan. fure, Sw. f, Icel. for drain, L.
porca ridge between two furrows.]

1. A trench in the earth made by, or as by, a plow.

2. Any trench, channel, or groove, as in wood or metal; a wrinkle on
the face; as, the furrows of age. Farrow weed a weed which grows on
plowed land. Shak.
 -- To draw a straight furrow, to live correctly; not to deviate from
the right line of duty. Lowell.

FURROW
Fur"row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furrowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Furrowing.]
Etym: [From Furrow, n.; cf. AS. fyrian.]

1. To cut a furrow in; to make furrows in; to plow; as, to furrow the
ground or sea. Shak.

2. To mark with channels or with wrinkles.
Thou canst help time to furrow me with age. Shak.
Fair cheeks were furrowed with hot tears. Byron.

FURROWY
Fur"row*y, a.

Defn: Furrowed. [R.] Tennyson.

FURRY
Fur"ry, a. Etym: [From Fur.]

1. Covered with fur; dressed in fur. "Furry nations." Thomson.

2. Consisting of fur; as, furry spoils. Dryden.

3. Resembling fur.

FURTHER
Fur"ther, adv. Etym: [A comparative of forth; OE. further, forther,
AS. fur, far; akin to G. fürder. See Forth, adv.]

Defn: To a greater distance; in addition; moreover. See Farther.
Carries us, I know not how much further, into familiar company. M.
Arnold.
They sdvanced us far as Eleusis and Thria; but no further. Jowett
(Thucyd. ).
Further off, not so near; apart by a greater distance.

FURTHER
Fur"ther, a. compar. [Positive wanting; superl. Furthest.]

1. More remote; at a greater distance; more in advance; farther; as,
the further end of the field. See Farther.

2. Beyond; additional; as, a further reason for this opinion; nothing
further to suggest.

Note: The forms further and farther are in general not differentiated
by writers, but further is preferred by many when application to
quantity or degree is implied.

FURTHER
Fur"ther", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furthered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Furthering.] Etym: [OE. furthren, forthren, AS. fyredhran,
fyredhrian. See Further, adv.]

Defn: To help forward; to promote; to advance; to forward; to help or
assist.
This binds thee, then, to further my design. Dryden.
I should nothing further the weal public. Robynsom (More's Utopia).

FURTHERANCE
Fur"ther*ance, n.

Defn: The act of furthering or helping forward; promotion;
advancement; progress.
I know that I shall abide and continue with you all for your
furthersnce and joy of faith. Phil. i. 25.
Built of furtherance and pursuing, Not of spent deeds, but of doing.
Emerson.

FURTHERER
Fur"ther*er, n.

Defn: One who furthers. or helps to advance; a promoter. Shak.

FURTHERMORE
Fur"ther*more", adv.

Defn: or conj. Moreover; besides; in addition to what has been said.

FURTHERMOST
Fur"ther*most", a.

Defn: Most remote; furthest.

FURTHERSOME
Fur"ther*some, a.

Defn: Tending to further, advance, or promote; helpful; advantageous.
[R.]
You will not find it furthersome. Carlyle.

FURTHEST
Fur"thest, a.

Defn: superl. Most remote; most in advance; farthest. See Further, a.

FURTHEST
Fur"thest, adv.

Defn: At the greatest distance; farthest.

FURTIVE
Fur"tive, a. Etym: [L. furtivus, fr. furtum theft, fr. fur thief,
akin to ferre to bear: cf. F. furtif. See Fertile.]

Defn: Stolen; obtained or characterized by stealth; sly; secret;
stealthy; as, a furtive look. Prior.
A hasty and furtive ceremony. Hallam.

FURTIVELY
Fur"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: Stealthily by theft. Lover.

FURUNCLE
Fu"run*cle, n. Etym: [L. furunculus a petty thief, a boil, dim. of
fur thief: cf. F. furoncle.] (Med.)

Defn: A superficial, inflammatory tumor, suppurating with a central
core; a boil.

FURUNCULAR
Fu*run"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a furuncle; marked by the presence of
furuncles.

FURY
Fu"ry, n. Etym: [L. fur.]

Defn: A thief. [Obs.]
Have an eye to your plate, for there be furies. J. Fleteher.

FURY
Fu"ry, n.; pl. Furies. Etym: [L. furia, fr. furere to rage: cf. F.
furie. Cf. Furor.]

1. Violent or extreme excitement; overmastering agitation or
enthusiasm. Her wit began to be with a divine fury inspired. Sir P.
Sidney.

2. Violent anger; extreme wrath; rage; -- sometimes applied to
inanimate things, as the wind or storms; impetuosity; violence. "Fury
of the wind." Shak.
I do oppose my patience to his fury. Shak.

3. pl. (Greek Myth.) The avenging deities, Tisiphone, Alecto, and
Megæra; the Erinyes or Eumenides.
The Furies, they said, are attendants on justice, and if the sun in
heaven should transgress his path would punish him. Emerson.

4. One of the Parcæ, or Fates, esp. Atropos. [R.]
Comes the blind Fury with the abhorred shears, And slits the thin-
spun life. Milton.

5. A stormy, turbulent violent woman; a hag; a vixen; a virago; a
termagant.

Syn.
 -- Anger; indignation; resentment; wrath; ire; rage; vehemence;
violence; fierceness; turbulence; madness; frenzy. See Anger.

FURZE
Furze, n. Etym: [OE. firs, As. fyrs.] (Bot.)

Defn: A thorny evergreen shrub (Ulex Europæus), with beautiful yellow
flowers, very common upon the plains and hills of Great Britain; --
called also gorse, and whin. The dwarf furze is Ulex nanus.

FURZECHAT
Furze"chat", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The whinchat; -- called also furzechuck.

FURZELING
Furze"ling, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An English warbler (Melizophilus provincialis); -- called also
furze wren, and Dartford warbler.

FURZEN
Furz"en, a.

Defn: Furzy; gorsy. [Obs.] Holland.

FURZY
Furz"y, a. a.

Defn: bounding in, or overgrown with, furze; characterized by furze.
Gay.

FUSAIN
Fu"sain", n. Etym: [F., the spindle tree; also, charcoal made from
it.] (Eine Arts)
(a) Fine charcoal of willow wood, used as a drawing implement.
(b) A drawing made with it. See Charcoal, n. 2, and Charcoal drawing,
under Charcoal.

FUSAROLE
Fu"sa*role, n. Etym: [F. fusarolle, fr. It. fusaruolo, fr. fuso
spindle, shaft of a column. See Fusee a conical wheel.] (Arch.)

Defn: A molding generally placed under the echinus or quarter round
of capitals in the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders of
architecture.

FUSCATION
Fus*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. fuscare, fuscatum, to make dark, fr. fuscus
dark.]

Defn: A darkening; obscurity; obfuscation. [R.] Blount.

FUSCIN
Fus"cin, n. Etym: [L. fuscus dark-colored, tawny.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A brown, nitrogenous pigment contained in the retinal
epithelium; a variety of melanin.

FUSCINE
Fus"cine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A dark-colored substance obtained from empyreumatic animal oil.
[R.]

FUSCOUS
Fus"cous, a. Etym: [L. fuscus.]

Defn: Brown or grayish black; darkish.
Sad and fuscous colors, as black or brown, or deep purple and the
like. Burke.

FUSE
Fuse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fused (fuzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Fusing.]
Etym: [L. fusus, p. p. of fundere to pour, melt, cast. See Foundo to
cast, and cf. Futile.]

1. To liquefy by heat; to render fiuid; to dissolve; to melt.

2. To unite or blend, as if melted together.
Whose fancy fuses old and new. Tennyson.

FUSE
Fuse, v. i.

1. To be reduced from a solid to a Quid state by heat; to be melted;
to melt.

2. To be blended, as if melted together. Fusing point, the degree of
temperature at which a substance melts; the point of fusion.

FUSE
Fuse, n. Etym: [For fusee, fusil. See 2d Fusil.] (Gunnery, Mining,
etc.)

Defn: A tube or casing filled with combustible matter, by means of
which a charge of powder is ignited, as in blasting; -- called also
fuzee. See Fuze. Fuse hole, the hole in a shell prepared for the
reception of the fuse. Farrow.

FUSEE
Fu*see", n. Etym: [See 2d Fusil, and cf. Fuse, n.]

1. A flintlock gun. See 2d Fusil. [Obs.]

2. A fuse. See Fuse, n.

3. A kind of match for lighting a pipe or cigar. (Railroad)

Defn: A small packet of explosive material with wire appendages
allowing it to be conveniently attached to a railroad track. It will
explode with a loud report when run over by a train, and is used to
provide a warning signal to the engineer.

FUSEE
Fu*see", n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: The track of a buck. Ainsworth.

FUSEE
Fu*see", n. Etym: [F. fusée a spindleful, fusee, LL. fusata, fr.
fusare to use a spindle, L. fusus spindle.]
(a) The cone or conical wheel of a watch or clock, designed to
equalize the power of the mainspring by having the chain from the
barrel which contains the spring wind in a spiral groove on the
surface of the cone in such a manner that the diameter of the cone at
the point where the chain acts may correspond with the degree of
tension of the spring.
(b) A similar wheel used in other machinery.

FUSEL; FUSEL OIL
Fu"sel, n., Fu"sel oil. Etym: [G. fusel bad liquor.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hot, acrid, oily liquid, accompanying many alcoholic liquors
(as potato whisky, corn whisky, etc.), as an undesirable ingredient,
and consisting of several of the higher alcohols and compound ethers,
but particularly of amyl alcohol; hence, specifically applied to amyl
alcohol.

FUSELAGE
Fu"se*lage, n. (Aëronautics)

Defn: An elongated body or frame of an aëroplane or flying machine;
sometimes, erroneously, any kind of frame or body. Many aëroplanes
have no fuselage, properly so called.

FUSE PLUG; FUZE PLUG
Fuse, or Fuze, plug .

1. (Ordnance)

Defn: A plug fitted to the fuse hole of a shell to hold the fuse.

2.  A fusible plug that screws into a receptacle, used as a fuse in
electric wiring.

FUSIBILITY
Fu"si*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fusibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being fusible.

FUSIBLE
Fu"si*ble, a. Etym: [F. fusible. See Fuse, v. t.]

Defn: CapabIe of being melted or liquefied. Fusible metal, any alloy
of different metals capable of being easily fused, especially an
alloy of five parts of bismuth, three of lead, and two of tin, which
melts at a temperature below that of boiling water. Ure.
 -- Fusible plug (Steam Boiler), a piece of easily fusible alloy,
placed in one of the sheets and intended to melt and blow off the
steam in case of low water.

FUSIFORM
Fu"si*form, a. Etym: [L. fusus spindle + -form: cf. F. fusiforme.]

Defn: Shaped like a spindle; tapering at each end; as, a fusiform
root; a fusiform cell.

FUSIL
Fu"sil, a. Etym: [L. fusilis molten, fluid, fr. fundere, fusum, to
pour, cast. See Fuse, v. t.]

1. Capable of being melted or rendered fluid by heat; fusible. [R.]
"A kind of fusil marble" Woodward.

2. Running or flowing, as a liquid. [R.] "A fusil sea." J. Philips.

3. Formed by melting and pouring into a mold; cast; founded. [Obs.]
Milton.

FUSIL
Fu"sil, n. Etym: [F. fusil, LL. fosile a steel for kindling fire,
from L. focus hearth, fireplace, in LLL. fire. See Focus, and cf.
Fusee a firelock.]

Defn: A light kind of flintlock musket, formerly in use.

FUSIL
Fu"sil, n. Etym: [See 3d Fusee.] (Her.)

Defn: A bearing of a rhomboidal figure; -- named from its shape,
which resembles that of a spindle.

Note: It differs from a lozenge in being longer in proportion to its
width.

FUSILE
Fu"sile, a.

Defn: Same as Fusil, a.

FUSILEER; FUSILIER
Fu"sil*eer", Fu"sil*ier", n. Etym: [F. fusilier, fr. fusil.] (Mil.)
(a) Formerly, a soldier armed with a fusil. Hence, in the plural:
(b) A title now borne by some regiments and companies; as, "The Royal
Fusiliers," etc.

FUSILLADE
Fu"sil*lade", n. Etym: [F. fusillade, cf. It. fucilata. See Fusil a
firelock.] (Mil.)

Defn: A simultaneous discharge of firearms.

FUSILLADE
Fu"sil*lade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fusillader; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fusillading.]

Defn: To shoot down of shoot at by a simultaneous discharge of
firearms.

FUSION
Fu"sion, n. Etym: [L. fusio, fr. fundere, fusum to pour, melt: cf. F.
fusion. See Fuse, v. t., aud cf, Foison.]

1. The act or operation of melting or rendering fluid by heat; the
act of melting together; as, the fusion of metals.

2. The state of being melted or dissolved by heat; a state of
fluidity or flowing in consequence of heat; as, metals in fusion.

3. The union or blending together of things, as, melted together.
The universal fusion of races, languages, and customs . . . had
produced a corresponding fusion of creeds. C. Kingsley.
Watery fusion (Chem.) the melting of certain crystals by heat in
their own water of crystallization.

4. (Biol.)

Defn: The union, or binding together, of adjacent parts or tissues.

FUSOME
Fu"some, a. Etym: [AS. f to hasten, fr. f ready, prompt, quick; akin
to OS. f, OHG. funs, Icel. fuss willing; prob. from the root of E.
find.]

Defn: Handy; reat; handsome; notable. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

FUSS
Fuss, n. Etym: [Cf. Fusome.]

1. A tumult; a bustle; unnecessary or annoying ado about trifles.
Byron.
Zealously, assiduously, and with a minimum of fuss or noise Carlyle.

2. One who is unduly anxious about trifles. [R.]
I am a fuss and I don't deny it. W. D. Howell.

FUSS
Fuss, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fussed; p. pr. & vb. n. Fussing.]

Defn: To be overbusy or unduly anxious about trifles; to make a
bustle or ado. Sir W. Scott.

FUSSILY
Fuss"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a fussy manner. Byron.

FUSSINESS
Fuss"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being fussy.

FUSSY
Fuss"y, a. [Compar. Fussier; superl Fussiest.]

Defn: Making a fuss; disposed to make an unnecessary ado about
trifles; overnice; fidgety.
Not at all fussy about his personal appearance. R. G. White.

FUST
Fust, n. Etym: [OF. fust, F. f, fr. L. fustis stick staff.] (Arch.)

Defn: The shaft of a column, or trunk of pilaster. Gwilt.

FUST
Fust, n. Etym: [OF. fust cask, F. f cask, taste or smell of the caak,
fustiness, cf. sentir le f to taste of the cask. See 1st Fust.]

Defn: A strong, musty smell; mustiness.

FUST
Fust, v. i.

Defn: To become moldy; to smell ill. [Obs.]

FUSTED
Fust"ed, a.

Defn: Moldy; ill-smelling. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

FUSTERIC
Fus"ter*ic, n.

Defn: The coloring matter of fustet. Ure.

FUSTET
Fus"tet, n. Etym: [F. fustet (cf. Sp. & Pg. fustete), LL. fustetus,
fr. L. fustis stick, in LL., tree, See 1st Fust, and cf. Fustic.]

Defn: The wood of the Rhus Cptinus or Venice sumach, a shrub of
Southern Europe, which yields a fine orange color, which, however, is
not durable without a mordant. Ure.

FUSTIAN
Fus"tian, n. Etym: [OE. fustan, fustian, OF. fustaine, F. futaine,
It. fustagno, fr. LL. fustaneum, fustanum; cf. Pr. fustani, Sp.
fustan. So called from Fustat, i. e., Cairo, where it was made.]

1. A kind of coarse twilled cotton or cotton and linen stuff,
including corduroy, velveteen, etc.

2. An inflated style of writing; a kind of writing in which high-
sounding words are used,' above the dignity of the thoughts or
subject; bombast.
Claudius . . . has run his description into the most wretched
fustian. Addison.

FUSTIAN
Fus"tian, a.

1. Made of fustian.

2. Pompous; ridiculously tumid; inflated; bombastic; as, fustian
history. Walpole.

FUSTIANIST
Fus"tian*ist, n.

Defn: A writer of fustian. [R.] Milton.

FUSTIC
Fus"tic, n. Etym: [F. fustoc, Sp. fustoc. Cf. Fustet.]

Defn: The wood of the Maclura tinctoria, a tree growing in the West
Indies, used in dyeing yellow; -- called also old fustic. [Written
also fustoc.]

Note: Other kinds of yellow wood are often called fustic; as that of
species of Xanthoxylum, and especially the Rhus Cotinus, which is
sometimes called young fustic to distinguish it from the Maclura. See
Fustet.

FUSTIGATE
Fus"ti*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. fustigare, fr. fustis stick. See 1st
Fust.]

Defn: To cudgel. [R.] Bailey.

FUSTIGATION
Fus"ti*ga"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fustigation.]

Defn: A punishment by beating with a stick or club; cudgeling.
This satire, composed of actual fustigation. Motley.

FUSTILARIAN
Fus"ti*la"ri*an, n. Etym: [From Fusty.]

Defn: A low fellow; a stinkard; a scoundrel. [Obs.] Shak.

FUSTILUG; FUSTILUGS
Fus"ti*lug` (, Fus"ti*lugs`, n. Etym: [Fusty + lug someting heavy, to
be drawn or carried.]

Defn: A gross, fat, unwieldy person. [Obs.] F. Junius.

FUSTINESS
Fus"ti*ness, n.

Defn: A fusty state or quality; moldiness; mustiness; an ill smell
from moldiness.

FUSTY
Fusty, a. [Compar. Fustier; superl Fustiest.] Etym: [See 2d Fust.]

1. Moldy; musty; ill-smelling; rank. "A fusty plebeians." Shak.

2. Moping. [Archaic]
A melancholy, fusty humor. Pepys.

FUSURE
Fu"sure, n. Etym: [L. fusura, fr. fundere, fusum. See Fuse, v. t.]

Defn: Act of fusing; fusion. [R.]

FUTCHEL
Futch"el, n.

Defn: The jaws between which the hinder end of a carriage tongue is
inserted. Knight.

FUTHORC; FUTHORK
Fu"thorc Fu"thork, n. [Written also futharc, futhark.]

Defn: The Runic alphabet; -- so called from the six letters f, u, þ
(th), o (or a), r, c (=k).

The letters are called Runes and the alphabet bears the name Futhorc
from the first six letters.
I. Taylor.

 The spelling futharc represents most accurately the original values
of these six Runic letters.

FUTILE
Fu"tile, a. Etym: [L. futilis that easily pours out, that easily lets
loose, vain, worthless, from the root of fundere to pour out: cf. F.
futile. See Fuse, v. t.]

1. Talkative; loquacious; tattling. [Obs.]
Talkers and futile persons. Bacon.

2. Of no importance; answering no useful end; useless; vain;
worthless. "Futile theories." I. Taylor.
His reasoning . . . was singularly futile. Macaulay.

FUTILELY
Fu"tile*ly, adv.

Defn: In a futile manner.

FUTILITY
Fu"til`i*ty, n. Etym: [L. futilitas: cf. F. futilité.]

1. The quality of being talkative; talkativeness; loquaciousness;
loquacity. [Obs.]

2. The quality of producing no valuable effect, or of coming to
nothing; uselessness.
The futility of this mode of philosophizing. Whewell.

FUTILOUS
Fu"til*ous, a.

Defn: Futile; trifling. [Obs.]

FUTTOCK
Fu"ttock, n. Etym: [Prob. corrupted fr. foothook.] (Naut.)

Defn: One of the crooked timbers which are scarfed together to form
the lower part of the compound rib of a vessel; one of the crooked
transverse timbers passing across and over the keel. Futtock plates
(Naut.), plates of iron to which the dead-eyes of the topmast rigging
are secured.
 -- Futtock shrouds, short iron shrouds leading from the upper part
of the lower mast or of the main shrouds to the edge of the top, or
through it, and connecting the topmast rigging with the lower mast.
Totten.

FUTURABLE
Fu"tur*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being future; possible to occur. [R.]
Not only to things future, but futurable. Fuller.

FUTURE
Fu"ture, a. Etym: [F. futur, L. futurus, used as fut. p. of esse to
be, but from the same root as E. be. See Be, v. i.]

Defn: That is to be or come hereafter; that will exist at any time
after the present; as, the next moment is future, to the present.
Future tense (Gram.), the tense or modification of a verb which
expresses a future act or event.

FUTURE
Fu"ture, n. Etym: [Cf. F. futur. See Future, a.]

1. Time to come; time subsequent to the present (as, the future shall
be as the present); collectively, events that are to happen in time
to come. "Lay the future open." Shak.

2. The possibilities of the future; -- used especially of prospective
success or advancement; as, he had great future before him.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: A future tense. To deal in futures, to speculate on the future
values of merchandise or stocks. [Brokers' cant]

FUTURELESS
Fu"ture*less, a.

Defn: Without prospect of betterment in the future. W. D. Howells.

FUTURELY
Fu"ture*ly, adv.

Defn: In time to come. [Obs.] Raleigh.

FUTURISM
Fu"tur*ism, n. (Painting)

Defn: A movement or phase of post-impressionism (which see, below).

FUTURIST
Fu"tur*ist, n.

1. One whose chief interests are in what is to come; one who
anxiously, eagerly, or confidently looks forward to the future; an
expectant.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: One who believes or maintains that the fulfillment of the
prophecies of the Bible is to be in the future.

FUTURITIAL
Fu`tu*ri"tial, a.

Defn: Relating to what is to come; pertaining to futurity; future.
[R.]

FUTURITION
Fu`tu*ri"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. futurition.]

Defn: The state of being future; futurity. [R.]
Nothing . . . can have this imagined futurition, but as it is
decreed. Coleridge.

FUTURITY
Fu*tu"ri*ty, n.; pl. Futurities (.

1. State of being that is yet to come; future state.

2. Future time; time to come; the future.

3. Event to come; a future event.
All futurities are naked before the All-seeing Eye. South.

FUZE
Fuze, n.

Defn: A tube, filled with combustible matter, for exploding a shell,
etc. See Fuse, n. Chemical fuze, a fuze in which substances separated
until required for action are then brought into contact, and uniting
chemically, produce explosion.
 -- Concussion fuze, a fuze ignited by the striking of the
projectile.
 -- Electric fuze, a fuze which is ignited by heat or a spark
produced by an electric current.
 -- Friction fuze, a fuze which is ignited by the heat evolved by
friction.
 -- Percussion fuze, a fuze in which the ignition is produced by a
blow on some fulminating compound.
 -- Time fuze, a fuze adapted, either by its length or by the
character of its composition, to burn a certain time before producing
an explosion.

FUZZ
Fuzz, v. t.

Defn: To make drunk. [Obs.] Wood.

FUZZ
Fuzz, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. fuzzy that ravels (of silk or cotton),
D. voos spongy, fungous, G. faser filament. E. feaze to untwist.]

Defn: Fine, light particles or fibers; loose, volatile matter. Fuzz
ball, a kind of fungus or mushroom, which, when pressed, bursts and
scatters a fine dust; a puffball.

FUZZ
Fuzz, v. i.

Defn: To fly off in minute particles.

FUZZLE
Fuz"zle, v. t. Etym: [Cf. LG. fuseln to drink common liquor, fr.
fusel bad liquor.]

Defn: To make drunk; to intoxicate; to fuddle. [Obs.] Burton.

FUZZY
Fuzz"y, a. Etym: [See Fuzz, n.]

1. Not firmly woven; that ravels. [Written also fozy.] [Prov. Eng.]

2. Furnished with fuzz; having fuzz; like fuzz; as, the fuzzy skin of
a peach.

-FY
-fy. Etym: [Through French verbs in -fier, L. -ficare, akin to facere
to do, make. See Fact.]

Defn: A suffix signifying to make, to form into, etc.; as, acetify,
amplify, dandify, Frenchify, etc.

FY
Fy, interj. Etym: [See Fie, interj.]

Defn: A word which expresses blame, dislike, disapprobation,
abhorrence, or contempt. See Fie.

FYKE
Fyke, n. Etym: [D. fuik a bow net.]

Defn: A long bag net distended by hoops, into which fish can pass
easily, without being able to return; -- called also fyke net.
Cozzens.

FYLLOT
Fyl"lot, n. Etym: [Prov. fr. AS. fy, fierf, feówerf. See Four, and
Foot, n.]

Defn: A rebated cross, formerly used as a secret emblem, and a common
ornament. It is also called gammadion, and swastika.

FYRD; FYRDUNG
Fyrd, Fyr"dung (, n. Etym: [AS.; akin to E. fare, v. i.] (Old. Eng.
Hist.)

Defn: The military force of the whole nation, consisting of all men
able to bear arms.
The national fyrd or militia. J. R. Green.

FYTTE
Fytte, n.

Defn: See Fit a song. [Archaic]

G

1. G is the seventh letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal
consonant. It has two sounds; one simple, as in gave, go, gull; the
other compound (like that of j), as in gem, gin, dingy. See Guide to
Pronunciation, §§ 231-6, 155, 176, 178, 179, 196, 211, 246.

Note: The form of G is from the Latin, in the alphabet which it first
appeared as a modified form of C. The name is also from the Latin,
and probably comes to us through the French. Etymologically it is
most closely related to a c hard, k y, and w; as in corn, grain,
kernel; kin L. genus, Gr. garden, yard; drag, draw; also to ch and h;
as in get, prehensile; guest, host (an army); gall, choler; gust,
choose. See C.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: G is the name of the fifth tone of the natural or model scale;
-- called also sol by the Italians and French. It was also originally
used as the treble clef, and has gradually changed into the character
represented in the margin. See Clef. G# (G sharp) is a tone
intermediate between G and A.

GAB
Gab, n. Etym: [Cf. Gaff.] (Steam Engine)

Defn: The hook on the end of an eccentric rod opposite the strap.
See. Illust. of Eccentric.

GAB
Gab, n. Etym: [OE. gabbe gabble, mocking, fr. Icel. gabb mocking,
mockery, or OF. gab, gabe; perh. akin to E. gape, or gob. Cf. Gab, v.
i., Gibber.]

Defn: The mouth; hence, idle prate; chatter; unmeaning talk;
loquaciousness. [Colloq.] Gift of gab, facility of expression.
[Colloq.]

GAB
Gab, v. i. Etym: [OE. gabben to jest, lie, mock, deceive, fr. Icel.
gabba to mock, or OF. gaber. See 2d Gab, and cf. Gabble.]

1. To deceive; to lie. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To talk idly; to prate; to chatter. Holinshed.

GABARAGE
Gab"ar*age, n.

Defn: A kind of coarse cloth for packing goods. [Obs.]

GABARDINE; GABERDINE
Gab`ar*dine", Gab`er*dine" (, n. Etym: [Sp. gabardina; cf. It.
gavardina, OF. galvardine, calvardine, gavardine, galeverdine; perh.
akin to Sp. & OF. gaban a sort of cloak or coat for rainy weather, F.
caban great coat with a hood and sleeves, It. gabbano and perh. to E.
cabin.]

Defn: A coarse frock or loose upper garment formerly worn by Jews; a
mean dress. Shak.

GABBER
Gab"ber, n.

1. A liar; a deceiver. [Obs.]

2. One addicted to idle talk.

GABBLE
Gab"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gabbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Gabbling.]
Etym: [Freq. of gab. See Gab, v. i.]

1. To talk fast, or to talk without meaning; to prate; to jabber.
Shak.

2. To utter inarticulate sounds with rapidity; as, gabbling fowls.
Dryden.

GABBLE
Gab"ble, n.

1. Loud or rapid talk without meaning.
Forthwith a hideous gabble rises loud Among the builders. Milton.

2. Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered; as of fowls.

GABBLER
Gab"bler, n.

Defn: One who gabbles; a prater.

GABBRO
Gab"bro, n. Etym: [It.] (Geol.)

Defn: A name originally given by the Italians to a kind of
serpentine, later to the rock called euphotide, and now generally
used for a coarsely crystalline, igneous rock consisting of lamellar
pyroxene (diallage) and labradorite, with sometimes chrysolite
(olivine gabbro).

GABEL
Ga"bel, n. Etym: [F. gabelle, LL. gabella, gabulum, gablum; of
uncertain origin. Cf.Gavel tribute.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A rent, service, tribute, custom, tax, impost, or duty; an
excise. Burrill.
He enables St. Peter to pay his gabel by the ministry of a fish. Jer.
Taylor.

GABELER
Ga"bel*er, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A collector of gabels or taxes.

GABELLE
Ga`belle", n. Etym: [F. See Gabel.]

Defn: A tax, especially on salt. [France] Brande & C.

GABELLEMAN
Ga*belle"man, n.

Defn: A gabeler. Carlyle.

GABERDINE
Gab`er*dine", n.

Defn: See Gabardine.

GABER-LUNZIE
Gab"er-lun`zie, n. Etym: [Gael. gabair talker + lunndair idler.]

Defn: A beggar with a wallet; a licensed beggar. [Scot.] Sir W.
Scott.

GABERT
Gab"ert, n. Etym: [Cf.F.gabare, Arm. kobar, gobar.]

Defn: A lighter, or vessel for inland navigation. [Scot.] Jamieson.

GABION
Ga"bi*on, n.Etym: [F., from It. gabbione a large cage, gabion, from
gabbia cage, L. cavea. See Cage.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A hollow cylinder of wickerwork, like a basket without a
bottom. Gabions are made of various sizes, and filled with earth in
building fieldworks to shelter men from an enemy's fire.

2. (Hydraul. Engin.)

Defn: An openwork frame, as of poles, filled with stones and sunk, to
assist in forming a bar dyke, etc., as in harbor improvement.

GABIONADE
Ga`bi*on*ade", n. Etym: [F. gabionnade.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A traverse made with gabions between guns or on their flanks,
protecting them from enfilading fire.

2. A structure of gabions sunk in lines, as a core for a sand bar in
harbor improvements.

GABIONAGE
Ga"bi*on*age, n. Etym: [F. gabionnage.] (Mil.)

Defn: The part of a fortification built of gabions.

GABIONED
Ga"bi*oned, p. a.

Defn: Furnished with gabions.

GABIONNADE
Ga`bion`nade", n.

Defn: See Gabionade.

GABLE
Ga"ble, n.

Defn: A cable. [Archaic] Chapman.

GABLE
Ga"ble, n. Etym: [OE. gable, gabil, F. gable, fr. LL. gabalum front
of a building, prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. OHG. gibil, G.
giebel gable, Icel. gafl, Goth. gibla pinnacle; perh. akin to Gr.
cephalic, or to G. gabel fork, AS. geafl, E. gaffle, L. gabalus a
kind of gallows.] (Arch.)
(a) The vertical triangular portion of the end of a building, from
the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the roof. Also, a
similar end when not triangular in shape, as of a gambrel roof and
the like. Hence:
(b) The end wall of a building, as distinguished from the front or
rear side.
(c) A decorative member having the shape of a triangular gable, such
as that above a Gothic arch in a doorway. Bell gable. See under Bell.
 -- Gable roof, a double sloping roof which forms a gable at each
end.
 -- Gable wall. Same as Gable (b).
 -- Gable window, a window in a gable.

GABLET
Ga"blet, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A small gable, or gable-shaped canopy, formed over a
tabernacle, niche, etc.

GABLOCK
Gab"lock, n. Etym: [See Gavelock.]

Defn: A false spur or gaff, fitted on the heel of a gamecock. Wright.

GABY
Ga"by, n. Etym: [Icel. gapi a rash, reckless man. Cf. Gafe.]

Defn: A simpleton; a dunce; a lout. [Colloq.]

GAD
Gad, n. Etym: [OE. gad, Icel. gaddr goad, sting; akin to Sw. gadd
sting, Goth. gazds, G. gerte switch. See Yard a measure.]

1. The point of a spear, or an arrowhead.

2. A pointed or wedge-shaped instrument of metal, as a steel wedge
used in mining, etc.
I will go get a leaf of brass, And with a gad of steel will write
these words. Shak.

3. A sharp-pointed rod; a goad.

4. A spike on a gauntlet; a gadling. Fairholt.

5. A wedge-shaped billet of iron or steel. [Obs.]
Flemish steel . . . some in bars and some in gads. Moxon.

6. A rod or stick, as a fishing rod, a measuring rod, or a rod used
to drive cattle with. [Prov. Eng. Local, U.S.] Halliwell. Bartlett.
Upon the gad, upon the spur of the moment; hastily. [Obs.] "All this
done upon the gad!" Shak.

GAD
Gad, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gadded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gadding.] Etym:
[Prob. fr. gad, n., and orig. meaning to drive about.]

Defn: To walk about; to rove or go about, without purpose; hence, to
run wild; to be uncontrolled. "The gadding vine." Milton.
Why gaddest thou about so much to change thy way Jer. ii. 36.

GADABOUT
Gad"a*bout`, n.

Defn: A gadder [Colloq.]

GADBEE
Gad"bee`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gadfly.

GADDER
Gad"der, n.

Defn: One who roves about idly, a rambling gossip.

GADDING
Gad"ding, a. & n.

Defn: Going about much, needlessly or without purpose.
Envy is a gadding passion, and walketh the streets. Bacon.
The good nuns would check her gadding tongue. Tennyson.
Gadding car, in quarrying, a car which carries a drilling machine so
arranged as to drill a line of holes.

GADDINGLY
Gad"ding*ly, adv.

Defn: In a roving, idle manner.

GADDISH
Gad"dish, a.

Defn: Disposed to gad.
 -- Gad"dish*nes, n. "Gaddishness and folly." Abp. Leighton.

GADE
Gade, n. Etym: [Cf. Cod the fish.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A small British fish (Motella argenteola) of the Cod family.
(b) A pike, so called at Moray Firth; -- called also gead. [Prov.
Eng.]

GADERE; GADRE
Gad"er*e, Gad"re (, v. t. & i.

Defn: To gather. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GADFLY
Gad"fly`, n.; pl. Gadflies. Etym: [Gad + fly.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any dipterous insect of the genus Oestrus, and allied genera of
botflies.

Note: The sheep gadfly (Oestrus ovis) deposits its young in the
nostrils of sheep, and the larvæ develop in the frontal sinuses. The
common species which infests cattle (Hypoderma bovis) deposits its
eggs upon or in the skin where the larvæ or bots live and produce
sores called wormels. The gadflies of the horse produce the
intestinal parasites called bots. See Botfly, and Bots. The true
horseflies are often erroneously called gadflies, and the true
gadflies are sometimes incorrectly called breeze flies. Gadfly petrel
(Zoöl.), one of several small petrels of the genus Oestrelata.

GADHELIC
Gadhel"ic (gal"îk), a. Etym: [See Gaelic.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to that division of the Celtic languages,
which includes the Irish, Gaelic, and Manx. J. Peile.

GADIC
Gad"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the cod (Gadus); -- applied to
an acid obtained from cod-liver oil, viz., gadic acid.

GADITANIAN
Gad`i*ta`ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Gaditanus, fr. Gades Cadiz.]

Defn: Of or relating to Cadiz, in Spain.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Cadiz.

GADLING
Gad"ling, n. Etym: [Gad, n. + -ling.] (Mediæval Armor) [R.]

Defn: See Gad, n., 4.

GADLING
Gad"ling, a. Etym: [See Gad, v. i.]

Defn: Gadding about. [Obs.]

GADLING
Gad"ling, n.

Defn: A roving vagabond. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

GADMAN
Gadman, n.

Defn: A gadsman.

GADOID
Ga"doid, a. Etym: [NL. gadus cod + -oid: cf. F. gadoïde gadoid, Gr.
gade.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the family of fishes (Gadidæ) which
includes the cod, haddock, and hake.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Gadidæ. [Written also gadid.]

GADOLINIA
Gad`o*lin"i*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare earth, regarded by some as an oxide of the supposed
element gadolinium, by others as only a mixture of the oxides of
yttrium, erbium, ytterbium, etc.

GADOLINIC
Gad`o*lin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to or containing gadolinium.

GADOLINITE
Gad"o*lin*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Gadolin, a Russian chemist.]
(Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a nearly black color and vitreous luster, and
consisting principally of the silicates of yttrium, cerium, and iron.

GADOLINIUM
Gad`o*lin"i*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.)

Defn: A supposed rare metallic element, with a characteristic
spectrum, found associated with yttrium and other rare metals. Its
individuality and properties have not yet been determined.

GADSMAN
Gads"man, n.

Defn: One who uses a gad or goad in driving.

GADUIN
Gad"u*in, n.Etym: [NL. gadus codfish.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow or brown amorphous substance, of indifferent nature,
found in cod-liver oil.

GADWALL
Gad"wall, n. Etym: [Gad to walk about + well.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large duck (Anas strepera), valued as a game bird, found in
the northern parts of Europe and America; -- called also gray duck.
[Written also gaddwell.]

GAEKWAR
Gaek"war, n. [Also Gaikwar, Guicowar.] [Marathi gaekwar, prop., a
cowherd.]

Defn: The title of the ruling Prince of Baroda, in Gujarat, in
Bombay, India.

GAEL
Gael, n.sing. & pl. Etym: [See Gaelic.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: A Celt or the Celts of the Scotch Highlands or of Ireland; now
esp., a Scotch Highlander of Celtic origin.

GAELIC
Gael"ic, a. Etym: [Gael. Gàidhealach, Gaelach, from Gàidheal, Gael, a
Scotch Highlander.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Gael, esp. to the Celtic Highlanders of
Scotland; as, the Gaelic language.

GAELIC
Gael"ic, n. Etym: [Gael. Gaelig, Gàilig.]

Defn: The language of the Gaels, esp. of the Highlanders of Scotland.
It is a branch of the Celtic.

GAFF
Gaff, n. Etym: [OE. gaffe, F. gaffe an iron hook with which seamen
pull great fishes into their ships; cf. Ir. gaf, gafa hook; perh.
akin to G. gabel fork, Skr. gabhasti. CF. Gaffle, Gable.]

1. A barbed spear or a hook with a handle, used by fishermen in
securing heavy fish.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The spar upon which the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail is
extended.

3. Same as Gaffle, 1. Wright.

GAFF
Gaff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gaffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gaffing.]

Defn: To strike with a gaff or barbed spear; to secure by means of a
gaff; as, to gaff a salmon.

GAFFER
Gaf"fer, n. Etym: [Possibly contr. fr. godfather; but prob. fr.
gramfer for grandfather. Cf. Gammer.]

1. An old fellow; an aged rustic.
Go to each gaffer and each goody. Fawkes.

Note: Gaffer was originally a respectful title, now degenerated into
a term of familiarity or contempt when addressed to an aged man in
humble life.

2. A foreman or overseer of a gang of laborers. [Prov. Eng.]

GAFFLE
Gaf"fle, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. geafl fork, LG., D., Sw., & Dan. gaffel,
G. gabel, W. gafl, Ir. & Gael. gabhal. Cf. Gaff.]

1. An artificial spur or gaff for gamecocks.

2. A lever to bend crossbows.

GAFF-TOPSAIL
Gaff`-top"sail, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A small triangular sail having its foot extended upon the gaff
and its luff upon the topmast.

GAG
Gag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Gagging.] Etym:
[Prob. fr. W. cegio to choke or strangle, fr. ceg mouth, opening,
entrance.]

1. To stop the mouth of, by thrusting sometimes in, so as to hinder
speaking; hence, to silence by authority or by violence; not to allow
freedom of speech to. Marvell.
The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be gagged, and reason
to be hood winked. Maccaulay.

2. To pry or hold open by means of a gag.
Mouths gagged to such a wideness. Fortescue (Transl. ).

3. To cause to heave with nausea.

GAG
Gag, v. i.

1. To heave with nausea; to retch.

2. To introduce gags or interpolations. See Gag, n., 3. [Slang]
Cornill Mag.

GAG
Gag, n.

1. Sometimes thrust into the mouth or throat to hinder speaking.

2. A mouthful that makes one retch; a choking bit; as, a gag of
mutton fat. Lamb.

3. A speech or phrase interpolated offhand by an actor on the stage
in his part as written, usually consisting of some seasonable or
local allusion. [Slang] Gag rein (Harness), a rein for drawing the
bit upward in the horse's mouth.
 -- Gag runner (Harness), a loop on the throat latch guiding the gag
rein.

GAGATE
Gag"ate (; 48), n. Etym: [L. gagates. See Jet a black mineral.]

Defn: Agate. [Obs.] Fuller.

GAGE
Gage, n. Etym: [F. gage, LL. gadium, wadium; of German origin; cf.
Goth. wadi, OHG. wetti, weti, akin to E. wed. See Wed, and cf. Wage,
n.]

1. A pledge or pawn; something laid down or given as a security for
the performance of some act by the person depositing it, and
forfeited by nonperformance; security.
Nor without gages to the needy lend. Sandys.

2. A glove, cap, or the like, cast on the ground as a challenge to
combat, and to be taken up by the accepter of the challenge; a
challenge; a defiance. "There I throw my gage." Shak.

GAGE
Gage, n. Etym: [So called because an English family named Gage
imported the greengage from France, in the last century.]

Defn: A variety of plum; as, the greengage; also, the blue gage,
frost gage, golden gage, etc., having more or less likeness to the
greengage. See Greengage.

GAGE
Gage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gaged; p. pr & vb. n. Gaging.] Etym: [Cf.
F. gager. See Gage, n., a pledge.]

1. To give or deposit as a pledge or security for some act; to wage
or wager; to pawn or pledge. [Obs.]
A moiety competent Was gaged by our king. Shak.

2. To bind by pledge, or security; to engage.
Great debts Wherein my time, sometimes too prodigal, Hath left me
gaged. Shak.

GAGE
Gage, n.

Defn: A measure or standart. See Gauge, n.

GAGE
Gage, v. t.

Defn: To measure. See Gauge, v. t.
You shall not gage me By what we do to-night. Shak.

GAGER
Ga"ger, n.

Defn: A measurer. See Gauger.

GAGGER
Gag"ger, n.

1. One who gags.

2. (Founding)

Defn: A piece of iron imbedded in the sand of a mold to keep the sand
in place.

GAGGLE
Gag"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Gaggling.]
Etym: [Of imitative origin; cf. D. gaggelen, gagelen, G. gackeln,
gackern, MHG. g, E. giggle, cackle.]

Defn: To make a noise like a goose; to cackle. Bacon.

GAGGLE
Gag"gle, n. Etym: [Cf. Gaggle v. i.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flock of wild geese. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

GAG LAW
Gag law. (Parliamentary Law)

Defn: A law or ruling prohibiting proper or free debate, as in
closure. [Colloq. or Cant]

GAGTOOTH
Gag"tooth`, n.; pl. Gagteeth (.

Defn: A projecting tooth. [Obs.]

GAG-TOOTHED
Gag"-toothed", a.

Defn: Having gagteeth. [Obs.]

GAHNITE
Gahn"ite, n. Etym: [Named after Gahn, a Swedish chemist.] (Min.)

Defn: Zinc spinel; automolite.

GAIDIC
Ga*id"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to hypogeic acid; -- applied to an acid obtained
from hypogeic acid.

GAIETY
Gai"e*ty, n.

Defn: Same as Gayety.

GAILER
Gail"er, n.

Defn: A jailer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GAILLARD
Gail`lard", a. Etym: [F. See Galliard.]

Defn: Gay; brisk; merry; galliard. Chaucer.

GAILLIARDE
Gail*liarde", n. Etym: [See Galliard a dance.]

Defn: A lively French and Italian dance.

GAILY
Gai"ly, adv. Etym: [From Gay.]

Defn: Merrily; showily. See gaily.

GAIN
Gain, n. Etym: [Cf. W. gan a mortise.] (Arch.)

Defn: A square or beveled notch cut out of a girder, binding joist,
or other timber which supports a floor beam, so as to receive the end
of the floor beam.

GAIN
Gain, a. Etym: [OE. gein, gain, good, near, quick; cf. Icel. gegn
ready, serviceable, and gegn, adv., against, opposite. CF. Ahain.]

Defn: Convenient; suitable; direct; near; handy; dexterous; easy;
profitable; cheap; respectable. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

GAIN
Gain, n. Etym: [OE. gain, gein, ga, gain, advantage, Icel. gagn; akin
to Sw. gagn, Dan. gavn, cf. Goth. gageigan to gain. The word was
prob. influenced by F. gain gain, OF. gaain. Cf. Gain, v. t.]

1. That which is gained, obtained, or acquired, as increase, profit,
advantage, or benefit; -- opposed to loss.
But what things were gain to me, those I counted loss for Christ.
Phil. iii. 7.
Godliness with contentment is great gain. 1 Tim. vi. 6.
Every one shall share in the gains. Shak.

2. The obtaining or amassing of profit or valuable possessions;
acquisition; accumulation. "The lust of gain." Tennyson.

GAIN
Gain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gained; p. pr. & vb. n. Gaining.] Etym:
[From gain, n. but. prob. influenced by F. gagner to earn, gain, OF.
gaaignier to cultivate, OHG. weidin, weidinen to pasture, hunt, fr.
weida pasturage, G. weide, akin to Icel. vei hunting, AS. wa, cf. L.
venari to hunt, E. venison. See Gain, n., profit.]

1. To get, as profit or advantage; to obtain or acquire by effort or
labor; as, to gain a good living.
What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose
his own soul Matt. xvi. 26.
To gain dominion, or to keep it gained. Milton.
For fame with toil we gain, but lose with ease. Pope.

2. To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to obtain by
competition; as, to gain a battle; to gain a case at law; to gain a
prize.

3. To draw into any interest or party; to win to one's side; to
conciliate.
If he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. Matt. xviii. 15.
To gratify the queen, and gained the court. Dryden.

4. To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; as, to gain the top of a
mountain; to gain a good harbor.
Forded Usk and gained the wood. Tennyson.

5. To get, incur, or receive, as loss, harm, or damage. [Obs. or
Ironical]
Ye should . . . not have loosed from Crete, and to have gained this
harm and loss. Acts xxvii. 21.
Gained day, the calendar day gained in sailing eastward around the
earth.
 -- To gain ground, to make progress; to advance in any undertaking;
to prevail; to acquire strength or extent.
 -- To gain over, to draw to one's party or interest; to win over.
 -- To gain the wind (Naut.), to reach the windward side of another
ship.

Syn.
 -- To obtain; acquire; get; procure; win; earn; attain; achieve. See
Obtain.
 -- To Gain, Win. Gain implies only that we get something by
exertion; win, that we do it in competition with others. A person
gains knowledge, or gains a prize, simply by striving for it; he wins
a victory, or wins a prize, by taking it in a struggle with others.

GAIN
Gain, v. i.

Defn: To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to
grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make
progress; as, the sick man gains daily.
Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbors by extortion. Ezek. xxii.
12.
Gaining twist, in rifled firearms, a twist of the grooves, which
increases regularly from the breech to the muzzle. To gain on or
upon. (a) To encroach on; as, the ocean gains on the land. (b) To
obtain influence with. (c) To win ground upon; to move faster than,
as in a race or contest. (d) To get the better of; to have the
advantage of.
The English have not only gained upon the Venetians in the Levant,
but have their cloth in Venice itself. Addison.
My good behavior had so far gained on the emperor, that I began to
conceive hopes of liberty. Swift.

GAINABLE
Gain"a*ble, a. Etym: [CF. F. gagnable. See Gain, v. t.]

Defn: Capable of being obtained or reached. Sherwood.

GAINAGE
Gain"age (, 48), n. Etym: [OF. gaignage pasturage, crop, F. gaignage
pasturage. See Gain, v. t.] (O. Eng. Law)
(a) The horses, oxen, plows, wains or wagons and implements for
carrying on tillage.
(b) The profit made by tillage; also, the land itself. Bouvier.

GAINER
Gain"er, n.

Defn: One who gains. Shak.

GAINFUL
Gain"ful, a.

Defn: Profitable; advantageous; lucrative. "A gainful speculation."
Macaulay.
 -- Gain"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Gain"ful*ness, n.

GAINGIVING
Gain"giv`ing, n. Etym: [See Again, and Give.]

Defn: A misgiving. [Obs.]

GAINLESS
Gain"less, a.

Defn: Not producing gain; unprofitable. Hammond.
 -- Gain"less/ness, n.

GAINLY
Gain"ly, adv. Etym: [See Gain, a.]

Defn: Handily; readily; dexterously; advantageously. [Obs.] Dr. H.
More.

GAINPAIN
Gain"pain`, n.Etym: [F. gagner to gain + pain bread.]

Defn: Bread-gainer; -- a term applied in the Middle Ages to the sword
of a hired soldier.

GAINSAY
Gain`say" ( or ; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gainsaid ( or ); p. pr. &
vb. n. Gainsaying.] Etym: [OE. geinseien, ageinseien. See Again, and
Say to utter.]

Defn: To contradict; to deny; to controvert; to dispute; to forbid.
I will give you a mouth and wisdom which all your adversaries shall
not be able to gainsay nor resist. Luke xxi. 15.
The just gods gainsay That any drop thou borrow'dst from thy mother,
My sacred aunt, should by my mortal sword Be drained. Shak.

GAINSAYER
Gain`say"er, n.

Defn: One who gainsays, contradicts, or denies. "To convince the
gainsayers." Tit. i. 9.

GAINSBOROUGH HAT
Gains"borough hat.

Defn: A woman's broad-brimmed hat of a form thought to resemble those
shown in portraits by Thomas Gainsborough, the English artist (1727-
88).

GAINSOME
Gain"some, a.

1. Gainful.

2. Prepossessing; well-favored. [Obs.] Massinger.

'GAINST; GAINST
Gainst, prep.

Defn: A contraction of Against.

GAINSTAND
Gain"stand`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gainstood; p. pr. & vb. n.
gainstanding.] Etym: [See Again, and Stand.]

Defn: To withstand; to resist. [Obs.]
Durst . . . gainstand the force of so many enraged desires. Sir P.
Sidney.

GAINSTRIVE
Gain"strive`, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Again, and Strive.]

Defn: To strive or struggle against; to withstand. [Obs.] Spenser.

GAIRFOWL
Gair"fowl`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Garefowl.

GAIRISH; GAIRISHLY; GAIRISHNESS
Gair"ish, a., Gair"ish*ly, adv., Gair"ishness, n.

Defn: Same as Garish, Garishly, Garishness.

GAIT
Gait, n. Etym: [See Gate a way.]

1. A going; a walk; a march; a way.
Good gentleman, go your gait, and let poor folks pass. Shak.

2. Manner of walking or stepping; bearing or carriage while moving.
'T is Cinna; I do know him by his gait. Shak.

GAITED
Gait"ed, a.

Defn: Having (such) a gait; -- used in composition; as, slow-gaited;
heavy-gaited.

GAITER
Gait"er, n. Etym: [F. guêtre, cf. Armor. gweltren; or perh. of German
origin, and akin to E. wear, v.]

1. A covering of cloth or leather for the ankle and instep, or for
the whole leg from the knee to the instep, fitting down upon the
shoe.

2. A kind of shoe, consisting of cloth, and covering the ankle.

GAITER
Gai"ter, v. t.

Defn: To dress with gaiters.

GAITRE; GAYTRE
Gai"tre, Gay"tre (, n. Etym: [OE. Cf. Gatten tree.]

Defn: The dogwood tree. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GALA
Ga"la, n. Etym: [F. gala show, pomp, fr. It. gala finery, gala; of
German origin. See Gallant.]

Defn: Pomp, show, or festivity. Macaulay. Gala day, a day of mirth
and festivity; a holiday.

GALACTA-GOGUE
Ga*lac"ta-gogue, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An agent exciting secretion of milk.

GALACTIC
Ga*lac"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. Galaxy, and cf. Lactic.]

1. Of or pertaining to milk; got from milk; as, galactic acid.

2. Of or pertaining to the galaxy or Milky Way. Galactic circle
(Astron.), the great circle of the heavens, to which the course of
the galaxy most nearly conforms. Herschel.
 -- Galactic poles, the poles of the galactic circle.

GALACTIN
Ga*lac"tin, n. Etym: [Gr. Lactin.] (Chem.)
(a) An amorphous, gelatinous substance containing nitrogen, found in
milk and other animal fluids. It resembles peptone, and is variously
regarded as a coagulating or emulsifying agent.
(b) A white waxy substance found in the sap of the South American cow
tree (Galactodendron).
(c) An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate resembling gelose, found in the
seeds of leguminous plants, and yielding on decomposition several
sugars, including galactose.

GALACTODENSIMETER
Ga*lac`to*den*sim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. densimeter.]

Defn: Same as Galactometer.

GALACTOMETER
Gal`ac*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. galactomètre. Cf.
Lactometer.]

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the quality of milk (i.e., its
richness in cream) by determining its specific gravity; a lactometer.

GALACTOPHAGIST
Gal`ac*toph"a*gist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who eats, or subsists on, milk.

GALACTOPHAGOUS
Gal`ac*toph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. galactophade.]

Defn: Feeding on milk.

GALACTOPHOROUS
Gal`ac*toph"o*rous, a. Etym: [Gr. galactophore. Cf. Lactiferous.]
(Anat.)

Defn: Milk-carrying; lactiferous; -- applied to the ducts of mammary
glands.

GALACTOPOIETIC
Ga*lac`to*poi*et"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Increasing the flow of milk; milk-producing.
 -- n. A galactopoietic substance.

GALACTOSE
Ga*lac"tose, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline sugar, C6H12O6, isomeric with dextrose,
obtained by the decomposition of milk sugar, and also from certain
gums. When oxidized it forms mucic acid. Called also lactose (though
it is not lactose proper).

GALAGE
Ga*lage", n. (Obs.)

Defn: See Galoche. Spenser.

GALAGO
Ga*la"go, n.; pl. Galagos. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of African lemurs, including numerous species.

Note: The grand galago (Galago crassicaudata) is about the size of a
cat; the mouse galago (G. murinus)is about the size of a mouse.

GALANGA; GALANGAL
Ga*lan"ga, Ga*lan"gal, n.Etym: [OE. galingale, OF. galingal,
garingal, F. galanga (cf. Sp. galanga), prob. fr. Ar. khalanj. ]

Defn: The pungent aromatic rhizome or tuber of certain East Indian or
Chinese species of Alpinia (A. Galanga and A. officinarum) and of the
Kæmpferia Galanga), -- all of the Ginger family.

GALANTINE
Gal"an*tine ( or ), n. Etym: [F. galantine.]

Defn: A dish of veal, chickens, or other white meat, freed from
bones, tied up, boiled, and served cold. Smart.

GALAPEE TREE
Gal"a*pee` tree", (Bot.)

Defn: The West Indian Sciadophyllum Brownei, a tree with very large
digitate leaves.

GALATEA
Gal`a*te"a, n. [After Galatea, a British man-of-war, the material
being used for children's sailor suits.]

Defn: A kind of striped cotton fabric, usually of superior quality
and striped with blue or red on white.

GALATIAN
Ga*la"tian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Galatia or its inhabitants.
 -- A native or inhabitant of Galatia, in Asia Minor; a descendant of
the Gauls who settled in Asia Minor.

GALAXY
Gal"ax*y, n.; pl. Galaxies. Etym: [F. galaxie, L. galaxias, fr. Gr.
lac. CF. Lacteal.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: The Milky Way; that luminous tract, or belt, which is seen at
night stretching across the heavens, and which is composed of
innumerable stars, so distant and blended as to be distinguishable
only with the telescope. The term has recently been used for remote
clusters of stars. Nichol.

2. A splendid assemblage of persons or things.

GALBAN; GALBANUM
Gal"ban, Gal"ba*num, n. Etym: [L. galbanum, Gr. klekb'n: cf. F.
galbanum.]

Defn: A gum resin exuding from the stems of certain Asiatic
umbelliferous plants, mostly species of Ferula. The Bubon Galbanum of
South Africa furnishes an inferior kind of galbanum. It has an acrid,
bitter taste, a strong, unpleasant smell, and is used for medical
purposes, also in the arts, as in the manufacture of varnish.

GALBE
Galbe, n. [F.; OF. garbe, fr. It. garbo grace, gracefulness. See Garb
dress.] (Art)

Defn: The general outward form of any solid object, as of a column or
a vase.

GALE
Gale, n. Etym: [Prob. of Scand.. origin; cf. Dan. gal furious, Icel.
galinn, cf. Icel. gala to sing, AS. galan to sing, Icel. galdr song,
witchcraft, AS. galdor charm, sorcery, E. nightingale; also, Icel.
gjla gust of wind, gola breeze. Cf. Yell.]

1. A strong current of air; a wind between a stiff breeze and a
hurricane. The most violent gales are called tempests.

Note: Gales have a velocity of from about eighteen ("moderate") to
about eighty ("very heavy") miles an our. Sir. W. S. Harris.

2. A moderate current of air; a breeze.
A little gale will soon disperse that cloud. Shak.
And winds of gentlest gale Arabian odors fanned From their soft
wings. Milton.

3. A state of excitement, passion, or hilarity.
The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast getting into what, in New
England, is sometimes called a gale. Brooke (Eastford).
Topgallant gale (Naut.), one in which a ship may carry her topgallant
sails.

GALE
Gale, v. i. (Naut.)

Defn: To sale, or sail fast.

GALE
Gale, n Etym: [OE. gal. See Gale wind.]

Defn: A song or story. [Obs.] Toone.

GALE
Gale, v. i. Etym: [AS. galan. See 1st Gale.]

Defn: To sing. [Obs.] "Can he cry and gale." Court of Love.

GALE
Gale, n Etym: [AS. gagel, akin to D. gagel.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Myrica, growing in wet places, and
strongly resembling the bayberry. The sweet gale (Myrica Gale) is
found both in Europe and in America.

GALE
Gale, n. Etym: [Cf. Gabel.]

Defn: The payment of a rent or annuity. [Eng.] Mozley & W. Gale day,
the day on which rent or interest is due.

GALEA
Ga"le*a, n.Etym: [L., a helmet. ]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The upper lip or helmet-shaped part of a labiate flower.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: A kind of bandage for the head.

3. (Pathol.)

Defn: Headache extending all over the head.

4. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of fossil echini, having a vaulted, helmet-shaped
shell.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The anterior, outer process of the second joint of the maxillae
in certain insects.

GALEAS
Gal"e*as, n.

Defn: See Galleass.

GALEATE; GALEATED
Ga"le*ate, Ga"le*a`ted, a. Etym: [L. galeatus, p.p. of galeare
helmet.]

1. Wearing a helmet; protected by a helmet; covered, as with a
helmet.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Helmeted; having a helmetlike part, as a crest, a flower, etc.;
helmet-shaped.

GALEI
Ga"le*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Galeus, name of one genus, fr. Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: That division of elasmobranch fishes which includes the sharks.

GALENA
Ga*le"na, n.Etym: [L. galena lead ore, dross that remains after
melting lead: cf. F. galène sulphide of lead ore, antidote to prison,
stillness of the sea, calm, tranquility.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A remedy or antidose for poison; theriaca. [Obs.] Parr.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Lead sulphide; the principal ore of lead. It is of a bluish
gray color and metallic luster, and is cubic in crystallization and
cleavage. False galena. See Blende.

GALENIC; GALENICAL
Ga*len"ic, Ga*len"ic*al (, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, galena.

GALENIC; GALENICAL
Ga*len"ic, Ga*len"ic*al, an. Etym: [From Galen, the physician.]

Defn: Relating to Galen or to his principles and method of treating
diseases. Dunglison. Galenic pharmacy, that branch of pharmacy which
relates to the preparation of medicines by infusion, decoction, etc.,
as distinguished from those which are chemically prepared.

GALENISM
Ga"len*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrines of Galen.

GALENIST
Ga*len*ist, n.

Defn: A follower of Galen.

GALENITE
Ga*le"nite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Galena; lead ore.

GALEOPITHECUS
Ga`le`o*pi*the"cus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of flying Insectivora, formerly called flying lemurs.
See Colugo.

GALERICULATE
Gal`er*ic"u*late, a. Etym: [L. galericulum, dim. of galerum a hat or
cap, fr. galea helmet.]

Defn: Covered as with a hat or cap. Smart.

GALERITE
Gal"er*ite, n. Etym: [L. galerum a hat, cap: cf. F. galérite.]
(Paleon.)

Defn: A cretaceous fossil sea urchin of the genus Galerites.

GALICIAN
Ga*li"cian, a. Etym: [Cf. Sp. Galiciano, Gallego, fr. L. Gallaecus,
Gallaicus, fr. Gallaeci a people in Western Spain.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Galicia, in Spain, or to Galicia, the
kingdom of Austrian Poland.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Galicia in Spain; -- called also Gallegan.

GALILEAN
Gal`i*le"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Galileo; as, the Galilean telescope. See
Telescope.

GALILEAN
Gal`i*le"an, a. Etym: [L. Galilaeus, fr. Galilaea Galilee, Gr.
galiléen.]

Defn: Of or relating to Galilee.

GALILEAN
Gal`i*le"an, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Galilee, the northern province of
Palestine under the Romans.

2. (Jewish Hist.)

Defn: One of the party among the Jews, who opposed the payment of
tribute to the Romans; -- called also Gaulonite.

3. A Christian in general; -- used as a term of reproach by
Mohammedans and Pagans. Byron.

GALILEE
Gal"i*lee, n. Etym: [Supposed to have been so termed in allusion to
the scriptural "Galilee of the Gentiles." cf. OF. galilée.] (Arch.)

Defn: A porch or waiting room, usually at the west end of an abbey
church, where the monks collected on returning from processions,
where bodies were laid previous to interment, and where women were
allowed to see the monks to whom they were related, or to hear divine
service. Also, frequently applied to the porch of a church, as at Ely
and Durham cathedrals. Gwilt.

GALIMATIAS
Gal`i*ma"tias, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Nonsense; gibberish; confused and unmeaning talk; confused
mixture.
Her dress, like her talk, is a galimatias of several countries.
Walpole.

GALINGALE
Gal"in*gale, n. Etym: [See Galangal.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the Sedge family (Cyperus longus) having aromatic
roots; also, any plant of the same genus. Chaucer.
Meadow, set with slender galingale. Tennyson.

GALIOT
Gal"i*ot, n. Etym: [OE. galiote, F. galiote. See Galley.] (Naut.)
(a) A small galley, formerly used in the Mediterranean, built mainly
for speed. It was moved both by sails and oars, having one mast, and
sixteen or twenty seats for rowers.
(b) A strong, light-draft, Dutch merchant vessel, carrying a mainmast
and a mizzenmast, and a large gaff mainsail.

GALIPOT
Gal"i*pot, n. Etym: [F. galipot; cf. OF. garipot the wild pine or
pitch tree.]

Defn: An impure resin of turpentine, hardened on the outside of pine
trees by the spontaneous evaporation of its essential oil. When
purified, it is called yellow pitch, white pitch, or Burgundy pitch.

GALL
Gall, n.Etym: [OE. galle, gal, AS. gealla; akin to D. gal, OS. & OHG.
galla, Icel. gall, SW. galla, Dan. galde, L. fel, Gr. yellow. Yellow,
and cf. Choler]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in the gall bladder,
beneath the liver. It consists of the secretion of the liver, or
bile, mixed with that of the mucous membrane of the gall bladder.

2. The gall bladder.

3. Anything extremely bitter; bitterness; rancor.
He hath . . . compassed me with gall and travail. Lam. iii. 5.
Comedy diverted without gall. Dryden.

4. Impudence; brazen assurance. [Slang] Gall bladder (Anat.), the
membranous sac, in which the bile, or gall, is stored up, as secreted
by the liver; the cholecystis. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus.
 -- Gall duct, a duct which conveys bile, as the cystic duct, or the
hepatic duct.
 -- Gall sickness, a remitting bilious fever in the Netherlands.
Dunglison.
 -- Gall of the earth (Bot.), an herbaceous composite plant with
variously lobed and cleft leaves, usually the Prenanthes serpentaria.

GALL
Gall, n. Etym: [F. galle, noix de galle, fr. L. galla.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by
insects or their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small
Hymenoptera and Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their eggs in
the wounds. The larvae live within the galls. Some galls are due to
aphids, mites, etc. See Gallnut.

Note: The galls, or gallnuts, of commerce are produced by insects of
the genus Cynips, chiefly on an oak (Quercus infectoria or
Lusitanica) of Western Asia and Southern Europe. They contain much
tannin, and are used in the manufacture of that article and for
making ink and a black dye, as well as in medicine. Gall insect
(Zoöl.), any insect that produces galls.
 -- Gall midge (Zoöl.), any small dipterous insect that produces
galls.
 -- Gall oak, the oak (Quercus infectoria) which yields the galls of
commerce.
 -- Gall of glass, the neutral salt skimmed off from the surface of
melted crown glass;- called also glass gall and sandiver. Ure.-- Gall
wasp. (Zoöl.) See Gallfly.

GALL
Gall, v. t. (Dyeing)

Defn: To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts. Ure.

GALL
Gall, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galled; p. pr. & vb. n. Galling.] Etym:
[OE. gallen; cf. F. galer to scratch, rub, gale scurf, scab, G. galle
a disease in horses' feet, an excrescence under the tongue of horses;
of uncertain origin. Cf. Gall gallnut.]

1. To fret and wear away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by
rubbing; to chafe; to injure the surface of by attrition; as, a
saddle galls the back of a horse; to gall a mast or a cable.
I am loth to gall a new-healed wound. Shak.

2. To fret; to vex; as, to be galled by sarcasm.
They that are most galled with my folly, They most must laugh. Shak.

3. To injure; to harass; to annoy; as, the troops were galled by the
shot of the enemy.
In our wars against the French of old, we used to gall them with our
longbows, at a greater distance than they could shoot their arrows.
Addison.

GALL
Gall, v. i.

Defn: To scoff; to jeer. [R.] Shak.

GALL
Gall, n.

Defn: A wound in the skin made by rubbing.

GALLANT
Gal"lant, a. Etym: [F. gallant, prop. p. pr. of OF. galer to rejoice,
akin to OF. gale amusement, It. gala ornament; of German origin; cf.
OHG. geil merry, luxuriant, wanton, G. geil lascivious, akin to AS. g
wanton, wicked, OS. g merry, Goth. gailjan to make to rejoice, or
perh. akin to E. weal. See Gala, Galloon.]

1. Showy; splendid; magnificent; gay; well-dressed.
The town is built in a very gallant place. Evelyn.
Our royal, good and gallant ship. Shak.

2. Noble in bearing or spirit; brave; high-spirited; courageous;
heroic; magnanimous; as, a gallant youth; a gallant officer.
That gallant spirit hath aspired the clouds. Shak.
The gay, the wise, the gallant, and the grave. Waller.

Syn.
 -- Gallant, Courageous, Brave. Courageous is generic, denoting an
inward spirit which rises above fear; brave is more outward, marking
a spirit which braves or defies danger; gallant rises still higher,
denoting bravery on extraordinary occasions in a spirit of adventure.
A courageous man is ready for battle; a brave man courts it; a
gallant man dashes into the midst of the conflict.

GALLANT
Gal*lant", a.

Defn: Polite and attentive to ladies; courteous to women; chivalrous.

GALLANT
Gal*lant", n.

1. A man of mettle or spirit; a gay; fashionable man; a young blood.
Shak.

2. One fond of paying attention to ladies.

3. One who wooes; a lover; a suitor; in a bad sense, a seducer.
Addison.

Note: In the first sense it is by some orthoëpists (as in
Shakespeare) accented on the first syllable.

GALLANT
Gal*lant", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallanted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gallanting.]

1. To attend or wait on, as a lady; as, to gallant ladies to the
play.

2. To handle with grace or in a modish manner; as, to gallant a fan.
[Obs.] Addison.

GALLANTLY
Gal*lant"ly, adv.

Defn: In a polite or courtly manner; like a gallant or wooer.

GALLANTLY
Gal"lant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a gallant manner.

GALLANTNESS
Gal"lant*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being gallant.

GALLANTRY
Gal"lant*ry, n.; pl. Gallantries. Etym: [F. galanterie.]

1. Splendor of appearance; ostentatious finery. [Archaic]
Guess the gallantry of our church by this . . . when the desk whereon
the priest read was inlaid with plates of silver. Fuller.

2. Bravery; intrepidity; as, the troops behaved with great gallantry.

3. Civility or polite attention to ladies; in a bed sense, attention
or courtesy designed to win criminal favors from a female; freedom of
principle or practice with respect to female virtue; intrigue.

4. Gallant persons, collectively. [R.]
Helenus, Antenor, and all the gallantry of Troy. Shak.

Syn.
 -- See Courage, and Heroism.

GALLATE
Gal"late, n. Etym: [Cf. F. gallate. See Gall gallnut.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of gallic acid.

GALLATURE
Gal"la*ture, n. Etym: [From L. gallus a cock.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tread, treadle, or chalasa of an egg.

GALLEASS
Gal"le*ass, n. Etym: [F. galéasse, galéace; cf. It. galeazza, Sp.
galeaza; LL. galea a galley. See Galley.] (Naut.)

Defn: A large galley, having some features of the galleon, as
broadside guns; esp., such a vessel used by the southern nations of
Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. See Galleon, and Galley.
[Written variously galeas, gallias, etc.]

Note: "The galleasses . . . were a third larger than the ordinary
galley, and rowed each by three hundred galley slaves. They consisted
of an enormous towering structure at the stern, a castellated
structure almost equally massive in front, with seats for the rowers
amidships." Motley.

GALLEGAN; GALLEGO
Gal*le"gan, Gal*le"go ( or ), n. Etym: [Sp. Gallego.]

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Galicia, in Spain; a Galician.

GALLEIN
Gal"le*ïn, n. Etym: [Pyrogallol + phthaleïn.] (Chem.)

Defn: A red crystalline dyestuff, obtained by heating together
pyrogallic and phthalic acids.

GALLEON
Gal"le*on, n. Etym: [Sp. galeon, cf. F. galion; fr. LL. galeo, galio.
See Galley.] (Naut.)

Defn: A sailing vessel of the 15th and following centuries, often
having three or four decks, and used for war or commerce. The term is
often rather indiscriminately applied to any large sailing vessel.
The gallens . . . were huge, round-stemmed, clumsy vessels, with
bulwarks three or four feet thick, and built up at stem and stern,
like castels. Motley.

GALLEOT
Gal"le*ot, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Galiot.

GALLERY
Gal"ler*y, n.; pl Galleries. Etym: [F. galerie, It. galleria, fr. LL.
galeria gallery, perh. orig., a festal hall, banquetting hall; cf.
OF. galerie a rejoicing, fr. galer to rejoice. Cf. Gallant, a.]

1. A long and narrow corridor, or place for walking; a connecting
passageway, as between one room and another; also, a long hole or
passage excavated by a boring or burrowing animal.

2. A room for the exhibition of works of art; as, a picture gallery;
hence, also, a large or important collection of paintings,
sculptures, etc.

3. A long and narrow platform attached to one or more sides of public
hall or the interior of a church, and supported by brackets or
columns; -- sometimes intended to be occupied by musicians or
spectators, sometimes designed merely to increase the capacity of the
hall.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A frame, like a balcony, projecting from the stern or quarter
of a ship, and hence called stern galery or quarter gallry, -- seldom
found in vessels built since 1850.

5. (Fort.)

Defn: Any communication which is covered overhead as well as at the
sides. When prepared for defense, it is a defensive galery.

6. (Mining)

Defn: A working drift or level. Whispering gallery. See under
Whispering.

GALLETYLE
Gal"le*tyle, n. Etym: [OE. gallytile. Cf. Gallipot.]

Defn: A little tile of glazed earthenware. [Obs.] "The substance of
galletyle." Bacon.

GALLEY
Gal"ley, n.; pl. Galleys. Etym: [OE. gale, galeie (cf. OF. galie,
galée, LL. galea, LGr.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel propelled by oars, whether having masts and sails or
not; as:
(a) A large vessel for war and national purposes; -- common in the
Middle Ages, and down to the 17th century.
(b) A name given by analogy to the Greek, Roman, and other ancient
vessels propelled by oars.
(c) A light, open boat used on the Thames by customhouse officers,
press gangs, and also for pleasure.
(d) One of the small boats carried by a man-of-war.

Note: The typical galley of the Mediterranean was from one hundred to
two hundred feet long, often having twenty oars on each side. It had
two or three masts rigged with lateen sails, carried guns at prow and
stern, and a complement of one thousand to twelve hundred men, and
was very efficient in mediaeval walfare. Galleons, galliots,
galleasses, half galleys, and quarter galleys were all modifications
of this type.

2. The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of a vessel; --
sometimes on merchant vessels called the caboose.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: An oblong oven or muffle with a battery of retorts; a gallery
furnace.

4. Etym: [F. galée; the same word as E. galley a vessel.] (Print.)
(a) An oblong tray of wood or brass, with upright sides, for holding
type which has been set, or is to be made up, etc.
(b) A proof sheet taken from type while on a galley; a galley proof.
Galley slave, a person condemned, often as a punishment for crime, to
work at the oar on board a galley. "To toil like a galley slave."
Macaulay.-- Galley slice (Print.), a sliding false bottom to a large
galley. Knight.

GALLEY-BIRD
Gal"ley-bird`, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European green woodpecker; also, the spotted woodpecker.
[Prov. Eng.]

GALLEY-WORM
Gal"ley-worm`, n. Etym: [Prob. so called because the numerous legs
along the sides move rhythmically like the oars of a galley.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A chilognath myriapod of the genus Iulus, and allied genera,
having numerous short legs along the sides; a milliped or "thousand
legs." See Chilognatha.

GALLFLY
Gall"fly`, n.; pl. Gallflies (. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect that deposits its eggs in plants, and occasions
galls, esp. any small hymenopteran of the genus Cynips and allied
genera. See Illust. of Gall.

GALLIAMBIC
Gal`li*am"bic, a. Etym: [L. galliambus a song used by the priests of
Cybele; Gallus (a name applied to these priests) + iambus] (Pros.)

Defn: Consisting of two iambic dimeters catalectic, the last of which
lacks the final syllable; -- said of a kind of verse.

GALLIAN
Gal"li*an, a. Etym: [See Gallic.]

Defn: Gallic; French. [Obs.] Shak.

GALLIARD
Gal"liard, a. Etym: [OE., fr. F. gaillard, perh. of Celtic origin;
cf. Ir. & Gael. galach valiant, or AS. gagol, geagl, wanton,
lascivious.]

Defn: Gay; brisk; active. [Obs.]

GALLIARD
Gal"liard, n.

Defn: A brisk, gay man. [Obs.]
Selden is a galliard by himself. Cleveland.

GALLIARD
Gal"liard, n. Etym: [F. gaillarde, cf. Sp. gallarda. See Galliard,
a.]

Defn: A gay, lively dance. Cf. Gailliarde.
Never a hall such a galliard did grace. Sir. W. Scott.

GALLIARDISE
Gal`liard*ise, n. Etym: [F. gaillardise. See Galliard, a.]

Defn: Excessive gayety; merriment. [Obs.]
The mirth and galliardise of company. Sir. T. Browne.

GALLIARDNESS
Gal"liard*ness, n.

Defn: Gayety. [Obs.] Gayton.

GALLIASS
Gal"li*ass, n.

Defn: Same as Galleass.

GALLIC
Gal"lic, a. Etym: [From Gallium.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, gallium.

GALLIC
Gal"lic (277), a. Etym: [From Gall the excrescence.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, galls, nutgalls, and the like.
Gallic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, very widely distributed in the
vegetable kingdom, being found in the free state in galls, tea, etc.,
and produced artificially. It is a white, crystalline substance,
C6H2(HO)3.CO2H, with an astringent taste, and is a strong reducing
agent, as employed in photography. It is usually prepared from
tannin, and both give a dark color with iron salts, forming tannate
and gallate of iron, which are the essential ingredients of common
black ink.

GALLIC
Gal"lic, a. Etym: [L. Gallicus belonging to the Gauls, fr. Galli the
Gauls, Gallia Gaul, now France: cf. F. gallique.]

Defn: Pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallican.

GALLICAN
Gal"li*can, a. Etym: [L. Gallicanus: cf. F. gallican.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallic; French; as, the
Gallican church or clergy.

GALLICAN
Gal"li*can, n.

Defn: An adherent to, and supporter of, Gallicanism. Shipley.

GALLICANISM
Gal"li*can*ism, n.

Defn: The principles, tendencies, or action of those, within the
Roman Catholic Church in France, who (esp. in 1682) sought to
restrict the papal authority in that country and increase the power
of the national church. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

GALLICISM
Gal"li*cism, n. Etym: [F. gallicisme.]

Defn: A mode of speech peculiar to the French; a French idiom; also,
in general, a French mode or custom.

GALLICIZE
Gal"li*cize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallicized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gallicizing.]

Defn: To conform to the French mode or idiom.

GALLIED
Gal"lied, p. p. & a. (Naut.)

Defn: Worried; flurried; frightened. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

GALLIFORM
Gal"li*form, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like the Gallinae (or Galliformes) in structure.

GALLIGASKINS
Gal`li*gas"kins, n. pl. Etym: [Prob. corrupted fr. It. Grechesco
Grecian, a name which seems to have been given in Venice, and to have
been afterwards confused with Gascony, as if they came from Gascony.]

Defn: Loose hose or breeches; leather leg quards. The word is used
loosely and often in a jocose sense.

GALLIMATIA
Gal`li*ma"ti*a ( or ), n.

Defn: Senseless talk. [Obs. or R.] See Galimatias.

GALLIMAUFRY
Gal`li*mau"fry, n.; pl. Gallimaufries. Etym: [F. galimafrée a sort of
ragout or mixed hash of different meats.]

1. A hash of various kinds of meats, a ragout.
Delighting in hodge-podge, gallimaufries, forced meat. King.

2. Any absurd medley; a hotchpotch.
The Mahometan religion, which, being a gallimaufry made up of many,
partakes much of the Jewish. South.

GALLIN
Gal"lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance obtained by the reduction of galleïn.

GALLINACEAE
Gal"li*nace*ae, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Gallinaceous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Gallinae.

GALLINACEAN
Gal`li*na"cean, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Gallinae or gallinaceous birds.

GALLINACEOUS
Gal`li*na"ceous, a.Etym: [L. gallinaceus, fr. gallina hen, fr. gallus
cock.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling the domestic fowls and pheasants; of or pertaining
to the Gallinae.

GALLINAE
Gal*li"nae, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. gallina a hen, gallus a cock.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of birds, including the common domestic fowls,
pheasants, grouse, quails, and allied forms; -- sometimes called
Rasores.

GALLING
Gall"ing, a.

Defn: Fitted to gall or chafe; vexing; harassing; irritating.
 -- Gall"ing*ly, adv.

GALLINIPPER
Gal"li*nip`per, n.

Defn: A large mosquito.

GALLINULE
Gal"li*nule, n. Etym: [L. gallinula chicken, dim. of gallina hen: cf.
F. gallinule.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several wading birds, having long, webless toes, and a
frontal shield, belonging to the family Rallidae. They are remarkable
for running rapidly over marshes and on floating plants. The purple
gallinule of America is Ionornis Martinica, that of the Old World is
Porphyrio porphyrio. The common European gallinule (Gallinula
chloropus) is also called moor hen, water hen, water rail, moor coot,
night bird, and erroneously dabchick. Closely related to it is the
Florida gallinule (Gallinula galeata).

Note: The purple gallinule of Southern Europe and Asia was formerly
believed to be able to detect and report adultery, and for that
reason, chiefly, it was commonly domesticated by the ancients.

GALLIOT
Gal"li*ot, n.

Defn: See Galiot.

GALLIPOLI OIL
Gal*lip"o*li oil`.

Defn: An inferior kind of olive oil, brought from Gallipoli, in
Italy.

GALLIPOT
Gal"li*pot, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. OD. gleypot, the first part of which
is possibly akin to E. glad. See Glad, and Pot.]

Defn: A glazed earthen pot or vessel, used by druggists and
apothecaries for containing medicines, etc.

GALLIUM
Gal"li*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Gallia France.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element, found in certain zinc ores. It is
white, hard, and malleable, resembling aluminium, and remarcable for
its low melting point (86

Note: The element was predicted with most of its properties, under
the name ekaluminium, by the Russian chemist Mendelejeff, on the
basis of the Periodic law. This prediction was verified in its
discovery by the French chemist Lecoq de Boisbaudran by its
characteristic spectrum (two violet lines), in an examination of a
zinc blende from the Pyrenees.

GALLIVANT
Gal"li*vant, v. i. Etym: [From Gallant.]

Defn: To play the beau; to wait upon the ladies; also, to roam about
for pleasure without any definite plan. [Slang] Dickens.

GALLIVAT
Gal"li*vat, n.Etym: [Prob. fr. Pg. galeota; cf. E. galiot, galley.]
(Naut.)

Defn: A small armed vessel, with sails and oars, -- used on the
Malabar coast. A. Chalmers.

GALLIWASP
Gal"li*wasp`, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West Indian lizard (Celestus occiduus), about a foot long,
imagined by the natives to be venomous.

GALLIZE
Gal"lize, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Gallized; p. pr. & vb. n. Gallizing.]
[After Dr. L. Gall, a French chemist, who invented the process.]

Defn: In wine making, to add water and sugar to (unfermented grape
juice) so as to increase the quantity of wine produced. --
Gal`li*za"tion (#), n.

GALLNUT
Gall"nut`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A round gall produced on the leaves and shoots of various
species of the oak tree. See Gall, and Nutgall.

GALLOMANIA
Gal`lo*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [L. Galli Gauls + mania madness.]

Defn: An excessive admiration of what is French.
 -- Gal`lo*ma"ni*ac, n.

GALLON
Gal"lon, n. Etym: [OF galon, jalon, LL. galo, galona, fr. galum a
liquid measure; cf. F. jale large bowl. Cf. Gill a measure.]

Defn: A measure of capacity, containing four quarts; -- used, for the
most part, in liquid measure, but sometimes in dry measure.

Note: The standart gallon of the Unites States contains 231 cubic
inches, or 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at its
maximum density, and with the barometer at 30 inches. This is almost
exactly equivalent to a cylinder of seven inches in diameter and six
inches in height, and is the same as the old English wine gallon. The
beer gallon, now little used in the United States, contains 282 cubic
inches. The English imperial gallon contains 10 pounds avoirdupois of
distilled water at 62

GALLOON
Gal*loon", n. Etym: [From F. or Sp. galon. See Gala. ]

1. A narrow tapelike fabric used for binding hats, shoes, etc., --
sometimes made ornamental.

2. A similar bordering or binding of rich material, such as gold
lace.
Silver and gold galloons, with the like glittering gewgaws. Addison.

GALLOONED
Gal*looned`, a.

Defn: Furnished or adorned with galloon.

GALLOP
Gal"lop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Galloped; p. pr. & vb. n. Galloping.]
Etym: [OE. galopen, F. galoper, of German origin; cf. assumed Goth.
ga-hlaupan to run, OHG. giloufen, AS. gehleápan to leap, dance, fr.
root of E. leap, and a prefix; or cf. OFlem. walop a gallop. See
Leap, and cf. 1st Wallop.]

1. To move or run in the mode called a gallop; as a horse; to go at a
gallop; to run or move with speed.
But gallop lively down the western hill. Donne.

2. To ride a horse at a gallop.

3. Fig.: To go rapidly or carelessly, as in making a hasty
examination.
Such superficial ideas he may collect in galloping over it. Locke.

GALLOP
Gal"lop, v. t.

Defn: To cause to gallop.

GALLOP
Gal"lop, n. Etym: [Cf. F. galop. See Gallop, v. i., and cf. Galop.]

Defn: A mode of running by a quadruped, particularly by a horse, by
lifting alternately the fore feet and the hind feet, in successive
leaps or bounds. Hand gallop, a slow or gentle gallop.

GALLOPADE
Gal"lo*pade`, n. Etym: [F. galopade. See Gallop, n.]

1. I horsemanship, a sidelong or curveting kind of gallop.

2. A kind of dance; also, music to the dance; a galop.

GALLOPADE
Gal`lo*pade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gallopaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gallopading.]

1. To gallop, as on horseback.

2. To perform the dance called gallopade.

GALLOPER
Gal"lop*er, n.

1. One who, or that which, gallops.

2.

(Mil.)

Defn: A carriage on which very small guns were formerly mounted, the
gun resting on the shafts, without a limber. Farrow. Galloper gun, a
light gun, supported on a galloper, -- formerly attached to British
infantry regiments.

GALLOPIN
Gal"lo*pin, n.Etym: [F. galopin. See Gallop, v. i.]

Defn: An under servant for the kitchen; a scullion; a cook's errand
boy. [Obs.] Halliwell.

GALLOPING
Gal"lop*ing, a.

Defn: Going at a gallop; progressing rapidly; as, a galloping horse.

GALLOTANNIC
Gal`lo*tan"nic, a. Etym: [Gall nutgall + tannic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to the tannin or nutgalls. Gallotannic acid. See
Tannic acid, under Tannic.

GALLOW
Gal"low, v. t. Etym: [Cf. AS. agelwan to stupefy.]

Defn: To fright or terrify. See Gally, v. t. [Obs.] Shak.

GALLOWAY
Gal"lo*way, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small horse of a breed raised at Galloway, Scotland; --
called also garran, and garron.

GALLOWGLASS
Gal"low*glass`, n. Etym: [Ir. galloglach. Cf. Gillie.]

Defn: A heavy-armed foot soldier from Ireland and the Western Isles
in the time of Edward Shak.

GALLOWS
Gal"lows, n. sing.; pl. Gallowses or Gallows. Etym: [OE. galwes, pl.,
AS. galga, gealga, gallows, cross; akin to D. galg gallows, OS. &
OHG. galgo, G. galgen, Icel. galgi, Sw. & Dan. galge, Goth. galga a
cross. Etymologically and historically considered, gallows is a noun
in the plural number, but it is used as a singular, and hence is
preceded by a; as, a gallows.]

1. A frame from which is suspended the rope with which criminals are
executed by hanging, usually consisting of two upright posts and a
crossbeam on the top; also, a like frame for suspending anything.
So they hanged Haman on the gallows. Esther vii. 10.
If I hang, I'll make a fat pair of gallows. Shak.
O, there were desolation of gaolers and gallowses Shak.

2. A wretch who deserves the gallows. [R.] Shak.

3. (Print.)

Defn: The rest for the tympan when raised.

4. pl.

Defn: A pair of suspenders or braces. [Colloq.] Gallows bird, a
person who deserves the gallows. [Colloq.] -- Gallows bitts (Naut.),
one of two or more frames amidships on deck for supporting spare
spars; -- called also gallows, gallows top, gallows frame, etc.
 -- Gallows frame. (a) The frame supporting the beam of an engine.
(b) (Naut.) Gallows bitts.
 -- Gallows, or Gallow tree, the gallows.
At length him nailéd on a gallow tree. Spenser.

GALLSTONE
Gall"stone`, n.

Defn: A concretion, or calculus, formed in the gall bladder or
biliary passages. See Calculus, n., 1.

GALLY
Gal"ly, v. t. Etym: [See Gallow, v. t.]

Defn: To frighten; to worry. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] T. Brown.

GALLY
Gall"y, a.

Defn: Like gall; bitter as gall. Cranmer.

GALLY
Gal"ly, n.

Defn: See Galley, n., 4.

GALLYGASKINS
Gal`ly*gas"kins, n. pl.

Defn: See Galligaskins.

GALOCHE; GALOSHE
Ga*loche", Ga*loshe" (, Etym: [OE. galoche, galache, galage, shoe, F.
galoche galoche, perh. altered fr. L. gallica a Gallic shoe, or fr.
LL. calopedia wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole, Gr.

1. A clog or patten. [Obs.]
Nor were worthy [to] unbuckle his galoche. Chaucer.

2. Hence: An overshoe worn in wet weather.

3. A gaiter, or legging, covering the upper part of the shoe and part
of the leg.

GALOOT
Ga*loot", n.

Defn: A noisy, swaggering, or worthless fellow; a rowdy. [Slang, U.
S.]

GALOP
Gal"op, n. Etym: [F.] (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of lively dance, in 2-4 time; also, the music to the
dance.

GALORE
Ga*lore", n. & a. Etym: [Scot. gelore, gilore, galore, fr. Gael. gu
leòr, enough; gu- to, also an adverbial prefix + leòr, leòir, enough;
or fr. Ir. goleor, the same word.]

Defn: Plenty; abundance; in abundance.

GALOSH
Ga*losh", n.

1. Same as Galoche, Galoshe.

2.  A strip of material, as leather, running around a shoe at and
above the sole, as for protection or ornament.

GALOSHE
Ga*loshe", n.

Defn: Same as Galoche.

GALPE
Galpe, v. i.

Defn: To gape,; to yawn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GALSOME
Gal"some, a. Etym: [Gall bitterness + some.]

Defn: Angry; malignant. [Obs.] Bp. Morton.

GALT
Galt, n Etym: [See Gault.]

Defn: Same as Gault.

GALVANIC
Gal*van"ic, a. Etym: [From Galvani, a professor of physiology at
Bologna, on account of his connection (about 1780) with the discovery
of dynamical or current electricity: cf. F. galvanique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or exhibiting the phenomena of, galvanism;
employing or producing electrical currents. Galvanic battery (Elec.),
an apparatus for generating electrical currents by the mutual action
of certain liquids and metals; -- now usually called voltaic battery.
See Battery.
 -- Galvanic circuit or circle. (Elec.) See under Circuit.
 -- Galvanic pile (Elec.), the voltaic pile. See under Voltaic.

GALVANISM
Gal"va*nism, n Etym: [From Galvani: cf. F. galvanisme. See Galvanic.]
(Physics)
(a) Electricity excited by the mutual action of certain liquids and
metals; dynamical electricity.
(b) The branch of physical science which treats of dynamical
elecricity, or the properties and effects of electrical currents.

Note: The words galvanism and galvanic, formerly in very general use,
are now rarely employed. For the latter, voltaic, from the name of
Volta, is commonly used.

GALVANIST
Gal"va*nist, n.

Defn: One versed in galvanism.

GALVANIZATION
Gal"va*niza`tion, n.

Defn: The act of process of galvanizing.

GALVANIZE
Gal"va*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galvanized; p pr. & vb. n.
Galvanizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. galvaniser.]

1. To affect with galvanism; to subject to the action of electrical
currents.

2. To plate, as with gold, silver, etc., by means of electricity.

3. To restore to consciousness by galvanic action (as from a state of
suspended animation); hence, to stimulate or excite to a factitious
animation or activity.

4. To coat, as iron, with zinc. See Galvanized iron. Galvanized iron,
formerly, iron coated with zink by electrical deposition; now more
commonly, iron coated with zink by plunging into a bath of melted
zink, after its surface has been cleaned by friction with the aid of
dilute acid.

GALVANIZER
Gal"va*ni`zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, galvanize.

GALVANOCAUSTIC
Gal*van`o*caus"tic, a. Etym: [Galvanic + caustic.]

Defn: Relating to the use of galvanic heat as a caustic, especially
in medicine.

GALVANOCAUTERY
Gal*van`o*cau"ter*y, n. (Med.)

Defn: Cautery effected by a knife or needle heated by the passage of
a galvanic current.

GALVANOGLYPHY
Gal`va*nog"ly*phy, n. Etym: [Galvanic + Gr.

Defn: Same as Glyphography.

GALVANOGRAPH
Gal*van"o*graph, n. Etym: [Galvanic + -graph.] (Engraving)

Defn: A copperplate produced by the method of galvanography; also, a
picture printed from such a plate.

GALVANOGRAPHIC
Gal*van`o*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to galvanography.

GALVANOGRAPHY
Gal`va*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Galvanic + -graphy.]

1. The art or process of depositing metals by electricity;
electrotypy.

2. A method of producing by means of electrotyping process (without
etching) copperplates which can be printed from in the same manner as
engraved plates.

GALVANOLOGIST
Gal`va*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who describes the phenomena of galvanism; a writer on
galvanism.

GALVANOLOGY
Gal`va*nol"o*gy n. Etym: [Galvanic + -logy.]

Defn: A treatise on galvanism, or a description of its phenomena.

GALVANOMETER
Gal`va*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Galvanic + -meter: cf. F. galvanomètre.]
(Elec.)

Defn: An instrument or apparatus for measuring the intensity of an
electric current, usually by the deflection of a magnetic needle.
Differential galvanometer. See under Differental, a.
 -- Sine galvanometer, Cosine galvanometer, Tangent galvanometer
(Elec.), a galvanometer in which the sine, cosine, or tangent
respectively, of the angle through which the needle is deflected, is
proportional to the strength of the current passed through the
instrument.

GALVANOMETRIC
Gal*van`o*met"ric, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or measured by, a galvanometer.

GALVANOMETRY
Gal`va*nom"e*try, n.

Defn: The art or process of measuring the force of electric currents.

GALVANOPLASTIC
Gal*van`o*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Galvanic + -plastic.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the art or process of electrotyping;
employing, or produced by, the process of electolytic deposition; as,
a galvano-plastic copy of a medal or the like.

GALVANOPLASTY
Gal*van"o*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. galanoplastie.]

Defn: The art or process of electrotypy.

GALVANOPUNCTURE
Gal*van`o*punc"ture, n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Electro-puncture.

GALVANOSCOPE
Gal*van`o*scope, n. Etym: [Galvanic + -scope: cf. F. galvanoscope.]
(Elec.)

Defn: An instrument or apparatus for detecting the presence of
electrical currents, especially such as are of feeble intensity.

GALVANOSCOPIC
Gal*van`o*scop"ic, a

Defn: Of or pertaining to a galvanoscope.

GALVANOSCOPY
Gal`va*nos"co*py, n (Physiol.)

Defn: The use of galvanism in physiological experiments.

GALVANOTONUS
Gal`va*not"o*nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. E. galvanic + GR. (Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Electrotonus.

GALVANOTROPISM
Gal`va*not"ro*pism, n. Etym: [Galvanic + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The tendency of a root to place its axis in the line of a
galvanic current.

GALWES
Gal"wes, n.

Defn: Gallows. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GAM
Gam, n. [Orig. uncert.] (Naut.)
 (a) A herd, or school, of whales.
 (b) A visit between whalers at sea; a holding of social intercourse
between those on different vessels at sea, or (Local U. S.) between
persons ashore.

GAM
Gam, v. i.  [imp. & p. p. Gammed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gam"ming.] (Naut.)
 (a) To gather in a gam; -- said of whales.
 (b) To engage in a gam, or (Local, U. S.) in social intercourse
anywhere.

GAM
Gam, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To have a gam with; to pay a visit to, esp. among whalers at
sea.

GAMA GRASS
Ga"ma grass`. Etym: [From Gama, a cluster of the Maldive Islands.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A species of grass (Tripsacum dactyloides) tall, stout, and
exceedingly productive; cultivated in the West Indies, Mexico, and
the Southern States of North America as a forage grass; -- called
also sesame grass.

GAMASHES
Ga*mash"es, n. pl. Etym: [F. gamaches.]

Defn: High boots or buskins; in Scotland, short spatterdashes or
riding trousers, worn over the other clothing.

GAMBA
Gam"ba, n.

Defn: A viola da gamba.

GAMBADOES
Gam*ba"does, n. pl. Etym: [I. or Sp. gamba leg. See Gambol, n.]

Defn: Same as Gamashes.
His thin legs tenanted a pair of gambadoes fastened at the side with
rusty clasps. Sir W. Scott.

GAMBEER
Gam*beer", v. t. [Cf. F. gambier a kind of hook.] (Fishing)

Defn: To gaff, as mackerel.

GAMBESON
Gam"be*son, n.

Defn: Same as Gambison.

GAMBET
Gam"bet, n. Etym: [Fr. gambette, or It. gambetta.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird of the genuis Totanus. See Tattler.

GAMBIER
Gam"bier, n. Etym: [Malayan.]
(a) The inspissated juice of a plant (Uncaria Gambir) growing in
Malacca. It is a powerful astringent, and, under the name of Terra
Japonica, is used for chewing with the Areca nut, and is exported for
tanning and dyeing.
(b) Catechu. [Written also gambeer and gambir.]

GAMBISON
Gam"bi*son, n. Etym: [OF. gambeson, gambaison, fr. gambais, wambais,
of German origin: cf. MHG. wambeis, G. wams doublet, fr. OHG. wamba,
stomach. See Womb.]

Defn: A defensive garment formerly in use for the body, made of cloth
stuffed and quilted.

GAMBIST
Gam"bist, n. Etym: [It. gamba leg.] (Mus.)

Defn: A performer upon the viola di gamba. See under Viola.

GAMBIT
Gam"bit, n. Etym: [F. gambit, cf. It. gambitto gambit, a tripping up.
See Gambol, n.] (Chess Playing)

Defn: A mode of opening the game, in which a pawn is sacrificed to
gain an attacking position.

GAMBLE
Gam"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gambled; p. pr. & vb. n. Gambling.]
Etym: [Dim. of game. See 2d Game.]

Defn: To play or game for money or other stake.

GAMBLE
Gamble, v. t.

Defn: To lose or squander by gaming; -- usually with away. "Bankrupts
or sots who have gambled or slept away their estates." Ames.

GAMBLER
Gam"bler, n.

Defn: One who gambles.

GAMBOGE
Gam*boge", n.

Defn: A concrete juice, or gum resin, produced by several species of
trees in Siam, Ceylon, and Malabar. It is brought in masses, or
cylindrical rolls, from Cambodia, or Cambogia, -- whence its name.
The best kind is of a dense, compact texture, and of a beatiful
reddish yellow. Taking internally, it is a strong and harsh cathartic
ad emetic. [Written also camboge.]

Note: There are several kinds of gamboge, but all are derived from
species of Garcinia, a genus of trees of the order Guttiferæ. The
best Siam gamboge is thought to come from Garcinia Hanburii. Ceylon
gamboge is from G. Morella. G. pictoria, of Western India, yields
gamboge, and also a kind of oil called gamboge butter.

GAMBOGIAN; GAMBOGIC
Gam*bo"gi*an, Gambogic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, gamboge.

GAMBOL
Gam"bol, n. Etym: [OE. gambolde, gambaulde, F. gambade, gambol, fr.
It. gambata kick, fr. L. gamba leg, akin to F. jambe, OF. also,
gambe, fr. L. gamba, hoof or perh. joint: cf. Gr. cam crooked; perh.
akin to E. chamber: cf.F. gambiller to kick about. Cf. Jamb, n.,
Gammon ham, Gambadoes.]

Defn: A skipping or leaping about in frolic; a hop; a sportive prank.
Dryden.

GAMBOL
Gam"bol v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamboled, or Gambolled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gamboling or Gambolling.]

Defn: To dance and skip about in sport; to frisk; to skip; to play in
frolic, like boys or lambs.

GAMBREL
Gam"brel, n Etym: [OF. gambe, jambe leg, F. jambe. Cf. Cambrel,
Chambrel, and see Gambol. n.]

1. The hind leg of a horse.

2. A stick crooked like a horse's hind leg; -- used by butchers in
suspending slaughtered animals. Gambrel roof (Arch.), a curb roof
having the same section in all parts, with a lower steeper slope and
an upper and flatter one, so that each gable is pentagonal in form.

GAMBREL
Gam"brel v. t.

Defn: To truss or hang up by means of a gambrel. Beau. & Fl.

GAMBROON
Gam*broon", n.

Defn: A kind of twilled linen cloth for lining. Simmonds.

GAME
Game, a. Etym: [Cf. W. cam crooked, and E. gambol, n.]

Defn: Crooked; lame; as, a game leg. [Colloq.]

GAME
Game, n. Etym: [OE. game, gamen, AS. gamen, gomen, play, sport; akin
to OS., OHG., & Icel. gaman, Dan. gammen mirth, merriment, OSw.
gamman joy. Cf. Gammon a game, Backgammon, Gamble v. i.]

1. Sport of any kind; jest, frolic.
We have had pastimes here, and pleasant game. Shak.

2. A contest, physical or mental, according to certain rules, for
amusement, recreation, or for winning a stake; as, a game of chance;
games of skill; field games, etc.
But war's a game, which, were their subject wise, Kings would not
play at. Cowper.

Note: Among the ancients, especially the Greeks and Romans, there
were regularly recurring public exhibitions of strength, agility, and
skill under the patronage of the government, usually accompanied with
religious ceremonies. Such were the Olympic, the Pythian, the Nemean,
and the Isthmian games.

3. The use or practice of such a game; a single match at play; a
single contest; as, a game at cards.
Talk the game o'er between the deal. Lloyd.

4. That which is gained, as the stake in a game; also, the number of
points necessary to be scored in order to win a game; as, in short
whist five points are game.

5. (Card Playing)

Defn: In some games, a point credited on the score to the player
whose cards counts up the highest.

6. A scheme or art employed in the pursuit of an object or purpose;
method of procedure; projected line of operations; plan; project.
Your murderous game is nearly up. Blackw. Mag.
It was obviously Lord Macaulay's game to blacken the greatest
literary champion of the cause he had set himself to attack.
Saintsbury.

7. Animals pursued and taken by sportsmen; wild meats designed for,
or served at, table.
Those species of animals . . . distinguished from the rest by the
well-known appellation of game. Blackstone.
Confidence game. See under Confidence.
 -- To make game of, to make sport of; to mock. Milton.

GAME
Game, a.

1. Having a resolute, unyielding spirit, like the gamecock; ready to
fight to the last; plucky.
I was game . . . .I felt that I could have fought even to the death.
W. Irving.

2. Of or pertaining to such animals as are hunted for game, or to the
act or practice of hunting. Game bag, a sportsman's bag for carrying
small game captured; also, the whole quantity of game taken.
 -- Game bird, any bird commonly shot for food, esp. grouse,
partridges, quails, pheasants, wild turkeys, and the shore or wading
birds, such as plovers, snipe, woodcock, curlew, and sandpipers. The
term is sometimes arbitrarily restricted to birds hunted by
sportsmen, with dogs and guns.
 -- Game egg, an egg producing a gamecock.
 -- Game laws, laws regulating the seasons and manner of taking game
for food or for sport.
 -- Game preserver, a land owner who regulates the killing of game on
his estate with a view to its increase. [Eng.] -- To be game. (a) To
show a brave, unyielding spirit. (b) To be victor in a game.
[Colloq.] -- To die game, to maintain a bold, unyielding spirit to
the last; to die fighting.

GAME
Game, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gaming.] Etym: [OE.
gamen, game, to rejoice, AS. gamenian to play. See Game, n.]

1. To rejoice; to be pleased; -- often used, in Old English,
impersonally with dative. [Obs.]
God loved he best with all his whole hearte At alle times, though him
gamed or smarte. Chaucer.

2. To play at any sport or diversion.

3. To play for a stake or prize; to use cards, dice, billiards, or
other instruments, according to certain rules, with a view to win
money or other thing waged upon the issue of the contest; to gamble.

GAMECOCK
Game"cock`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male game fowl.

GAME FOWL
Game" fowl`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A handsome breed of the common fowl, remarkable for the great
courage and pugnacity of the males.

GAMEFUL
Game"ful, a.

Defn: Full of game or games.

GAMEKEEPER
Game"keep`er, n.

Defn: One who has the care of game, especially in a park or preserve.
Blackstone.

GAMELESS
Game"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of game.

GAMELY
Game"ly, adv.

Defn: In a plucky manner; spiritedly.

GAMENESS
Game"ness, n.

Defn: Endurance; pluck.

GAMESOME
Game"some, a.

Defn: Gay; sportive; playful; frolicsome; merry. Shak.
Gladness of the gamesome crowd. Byron.
-- Game"some*ly, adv.
 -- Game"some*ness, n.

GAMESTER
Game"ster, n. Etym: [Game + -ster.]

1. A merry, frolicsome person. [Obs.] Shak.

2. A person who plays at games; esp., one accustomed to play for a
stake; a gambler; one skilled in games.
When lenity and cruelty play for a kingdom, the gentlest gamester is
the soonest winner. Shak.

3. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obs.] Shak.

GAMETE
Gam"ete (gam"et; ga*met"; the latter usually in compounds), n. [Gr.
gameth` wife, or game`ths husband, fr. gamei^n to marry.] (Biol.)

Defn: A sexual cell or germ cell; a conjugating cell which unites
with another of like or unlike character to form a new individual. In
Bot., gamete designates esp. the similar sex cells of the lower
thallophytes which unite by conjugation, forming a zygospore. The
gametes of higher plants are of two sorts, sperm (male) and egg
(female); their union is called fertilization, and the resulting
zygote an oöspore. In Zoöl., gamete is most commonly used of the
sexual cells of certain Protozoa, though also extended to the germ
cells of higher forms.

GAMETOPHYTE
Ga*me"to*phyte, n.  [Gamete + Gr. fyto`n plant.] (Bot.)

Defn: In the alternation of generations in plants, that generation or
phase which bears sex organs. In the lower plants, as the algæ, the
gametophyte is the conspicuous part of the plant body; in mosses it
is the so-called moss plant; in ferns it is reduced to a small, early
perishing body; and in seed plants it is usually microscopic or
rudimentary.

GAMIC
Gam"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resulting from, sexual connection; formed by
the union of the male and female elements.

GAMIN
Gam"in, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A neglected and untrained city boy; a young street Arab.
In Japan, the gamins run after you, and say, 'Look at the Chinaman.'
L. Oliphant.

GAMING
Gam"ing, n.

Defn: The act or practice of playing games for stakes or wagers;
gambling.

GAMMA
Gam"ma, n.

Defn: The third letter (G) of the Greek alphabet.

GAMMADION
Gam*ma"di*on, n.

Defn: A cross formed of four capital gammas, formerly used as a
mysterious ornament on ecclesiastical vestments, etc. See Fylfot.

GAMMA RAYS
Gam"ma rays. (Physics)

Defn: Very penetrating rays not appreciably deflected by a magnetic
or electric field, emitted by radioactive substances. The prevailing
view is that they are non-periodic ether pulses differing from
Röntgen rays only in being more penetrating.

GAMMER
Gam"mer, n. Etym: [Possibly contr. fr. godmother; but prob. fr.
grammer for grandmother. Cf. Gaffer.]

Defn: An old wife; an old woman; -- correlative of gaffer, an old
man.

GAMMON
Gam"mon, n. Etym: [OF. gambon, F. jambon, fr. OF. gambe leg, F.
jambe. See Gambol, n., and cf. Ham.]

Defn: The buttock or tight of a hog, salted and smoked or dried; the
lower end of a flitch. Goldsmith.

GAMMON
Gam"mon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gameed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gameing.]

Defn: To make bacon of; to salt and dry in smoke.

GAMMON
Gam"mon, n. Etym: [See 2d Game.]

1. Backgammon.

2. An imposition or hoax; humbug. [Colloq.]

GAMMON
Gam"mon, v. t.

1. To beat in the game of backgammon, before an antagonist has been
able to get his "men" or counters home and withdraw any of them from
the board; as, to gammon a person.

2. To impose on; to hoax; to cajole. [Colloq.] Hood.

GAMMON
Gam"mon, v. t. Etym: [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.)

Defn: To fasten (a bowsprit) to the stem of a vessel by lashings of
rope or chain, or by a band of iron. Totten.

GAMMONING
Gam"mon*ing, n. Etym: [From 5th Gammon.] (Naut.)

Defn: The lashing or iron band by which the bowsprit of a vessel is
secured to the stem to opposite the lifting action of the forestays.
Gammoning fashion, in the style of gammoning lashing, that is, having
the turns of rope crossed.
 -- Gammoning hole (Naut.), a hole cut through the knee of the head
of a vessel for the purpose of gammoning the bowsprit.

GAMMONING
Gam"mon*ing, n. Etym: [From 4th Gammon.]

Defn: The act of imposing upon or hoaxing a person. [Colloq.]

GAMOGENESIS
Gam`o*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: The production of offspring by the union of parents of
different sexes; sexual reproduction; -- the opposite of
agamogenesis.

GAMOGENETIC
Gam`o*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to gamogenesis.
 -- Gam`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

GAMOMORPHISM
Gam`o*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: That stage of growth or development in an organism, in which
the reproductive elements are generated and matured in preparation
for propagating the species.

GAMOPETALOUS
Gam`o*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. petalous: cf. F. gamopétale.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the petals united or joined so as to form a tube or cup;
monopetalous.

GAMOPHYLLOUS
Ga*moph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Composed of leaves united by their edges (coalescent). Gray.

GAMOSEPALOUS
Gam`o*sep"al*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. sepal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Formed of united sepals; monosepalous.

GAMP
Gamp, n.

Defn: A large umbrella; --said to allude to Mrs. Gamp's umbrella, in
Dickens's "Martin Chuzzlewit."

GAMUT
Gam"ut, n. Etym: [F. gamme + ut the name of a musical note. F. gamme
is fr. the name of the Greek letter Gamma, and Ut.] (Mus.)

Defn: The scale.

GAMY
Gam"y, a.

1. (Cookery)

Defn: Having the flavor of game, esp. of game kept uncooked till near
the condition of tainting; high-flavored.

2. (Sporting)

Defn: Showing an unyielding spirit to the last; plucky; furnishing
sport; as, a gamy trout.

GAN
Gan, imp. of Gin. Etym: [See Gin, v.]

Defn: Began; commenced.

Note: Gan was formerly used with the infinitive to form compound
imperfects, as did is now employed. Gan regularly denotes the
singular; the plural is usually denoted by gunne or gonne.
This man gan fall (i.e., fell) in great suspicion. Chaucer.
The little coines to their play gunne hie (i.e., hied). Chaucer.

Note: Later writers use gan both for singular and plural.
Yet at her speech their rages gan relent. Spenser.

GANANCIAL
Ga*nan"cial, a. [Sp., pertaining to gain, held in common, fr.
ganancia gain.] (Law)

Defn: Designating, pertaining to, or held under, the Spanish system
of law (called ganancial system) which controls the title and
disposition of the property acquired during marriage by the husband
or wife.

GANCH
Ganch, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. ganche, n., also Sp. & Pg. gancho hook,
It. gancio.]

Defn: To drop from a high place upon sharp stakes or hooks, as the
Turks dropped malefactors, by way of punishment.
Ganching, which is to let fall from on high upon hooks, and there to
hang until they die. Sandys.

GANDER
Gan"der, n. Etym: [AS. gandra, ganra, akin to Prov. G. gander,
ganter, and E. goose, gannet. See Goose.]

Defn: The male of any species of goose.

GANE
Gane, v. i. Etym: [See Yawn.]

Defn: To yawn; to gape. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GANESA
Ga*ne"sa, n. (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: The Hindoo god of wisdom or prudence.

Note: He is represented as a short, fat, red-colored man, with a
large belly and the head of an elephant. Balfour.

GANG
Gang, v. i. Etym: [AS. gangan, akin to OS. & OHG. gangan, Icel.
ganga, Goth. gaggan; cf. Lith. to walk, Skr. ja leg. sq. root48. CF.
Go.]

Defn: To go; to walk.

Note: Obsolete in English literature, but still used in the North of
England, and also in Scotland.

GANG
Gang, n. Etym: [Icel. gangr a going, gang, akin to AS., D., G., &
Dan. gang a going, Goth. gaggs street, way. See Gang, v. i.]

1. A going; a course. [Obs.]

2. A number going in company; hence, a company, or a number of
persons associated for a particular purpose; a group of laborers
under one foreman; a squad; as, a gang of sailors; a chain gang; a
gang of thieves.

3. A combination of similar implements arranged so as, by acting
together, to save time or labor; a set; as, a gang of saws, or of
plows.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A set; all required for an outfit; as, a new gang of stays.

5. Etym: [Cf. Gangue.] (Mining)

Defn: The mineral substance which incloses a vein; a matrix; a
gangue. Gang board, or Gang plank. (Naut.) (a) A board or plank, with
cleats for steps, forming a bridge by which to enter or leave a
vessel. (b) A plank within or without the bulwarks of a vessel's
waist, for the sentinel to walk on.
 -- Gang cask, a small cask in which to bring water aboard ships or
in which it is kept on deck.
 -- Gang cultivator, Gang plow, a cultivator or plow in which several
shares are attached to one frame, so as to make two or more furrows
at the same time.
 -- Gang days, Rogation days; the time of perambulating parishes. See
Gang week (below).
 -- Gang drill, a drilling machine having a number of drills driven
from a common shaft.
 -- Gang master, a master or employer of a gang of workmen.
 -- Gang plank. See Gang board (above).
 -- Gang plow. See Gang cultivator (above).
 -- Gang press, a press for operating upon a pile or row of objects
separated by intervening plates.
 -- Gang saw, a saw fitted to be one of a combination or gang of saws
hung together in a frame or sash, and set at fixed distances apart.
 -- Gang tide. See Gang week (below).
 -- Gang tooth, a projecting tooth. [Obs.] Halliwell.
 -- Gang week, Rogation week, when formerly processions were made to
survey the bounds of parishes. Halliwell.
 -- Live gang, or Round gang, the Western and the Eastern names,
respectively, for a gang of saws for cutting the round log into
boards at one operation. Knight.
 -- Slabbing gang, an arrangement of saws which cuts slabs from two
sides of a log, leaving the middle part as a thick beam.

GANGE
Gange, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Ganged; p. pr. & vb. n. Ganging.] [Of
uncertain origin.]

1. To protect (the part of a line next a fishhook, or the hook
itself) by winding it with wire.

2.  To attach (a fishhook) to a line or snell, as by knotting the
line around the shank of the hook.

GANGER
Gang"er, n.

Defn: One who oversees a gang of workmen. [R.] Mayhew.

GANGETIC
Gan*get"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or inhabiting, the Ganges; as, the Gangetic
shark.

GANG-FLOWER
Gang"-flow`er, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The common English milkwort (Polygala vulgaris), so called from
blossoming in gang week. Dr. Prior.

GANGION
Gan"gion, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A short line attached to a trawl. See Trawl, n.

GANGLIAC; GANGLIAL
Gan"gli*ac, Gan"gli*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Relating to a ganglion; ganglionic.

GANGLIATE; GANGLIATED
Gan"gli*ate, Gan"gli*a`ted, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Furnished with ganglia; as, the gangliated cords of the
sympathetic nervous system.

GANGLIFORM; GANGLIOFORM
Gan"gli*form`, Gan"gli*o*form`, a. Etym: [Ganglion + -form.] (Anat.)

Defn: Having the form of a ganglion.

GANGLION
Gan"gli*on, n.; pl. L. Ganglia, E. Ganglions. Etym: [L. ganglion a
sort of swelling or excrescence, a tumor under the skin, Gr.
ganglion.]

1. (Anat.)
(a) A mass or knot of nervous matter, including nerve cells, usually
forming an enlargement in the course of a nerve.
(b) A node, or gland in the lymphatic system; as, a lymphatic
ganglion.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A globular, hard, indolent tumor, situated somewhere on a
tendon, and commonly formed by the effusion of a viscid fluid into
it; -- called also weeping sinew. Ganglion cell, a nerve cell. See
Illust. under Bipolar.

GANGLIONARY
Gan"gli*on*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ganglionnarie.] (Anat.)

Defn: Ganglionic.

GANGLIONIC
Gan`gli*on"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ganglionique.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, ganglia or
ganglion cells; as, a ganglionic artery; the ganglionic columns of
the spinal cord.

GANGREL
Gan"grel, a. Etym: [Cf. Gang, v. i.]

Defn: Wandering; vagrant. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

GANGRENATE
Gan"gre*nate, v. t.

Defn: To gangrene. [Obs.]

GANGRENE
Gan"grene, n. Etym: [F. gangrène, L. gangraena, fr. Gr. gras, gar, to
devour, and E. voracious, also canker, n., in sense 3.] (Med.)

Defn: A term formerly restricted to mortification of the soft tissues
which has not advanced so far as to produce complete loss of
vitality; but now applied to mortification of the soft parts in any
stage.

GANGRENE
Gan"grene, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Gangrened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gangrening.] Etym: [Cf. F. gangréner.]

Defn: To produce gangrene in; to be affected with gangrene.

GANGRENESCENT
Gan`gre*nes"cent, a.

Defn: Tending to mortification or gangrene.

GANGRENOUS
Gan"gre*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gangréneux.]

Defn: Affected by, or produced by, gangrene; of the nature of
gangrene.

GANGUE
Gangue, n. Etym: [F. gangue, fr. G. gang a metallic vein, a passage.
See Gang, n.] (Mining)

Defn: The mineral or earthy substance associated with metallic ore.

GANGWAY
Gang"way`, n. Etym: [See Gang, v. i.]

1. A passage or way into or out of any inclosed place; esp., a
temporary way of access formed of planks.

2. In the English House of Commons, a narrow aisle across the house,
below which sit those who do not vote steadly either with the
government or with the opposition.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The opening through the bulwarks of a vessel by which persons
enter or leave it.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: That part of the spar deck of a vessel on each side of the
booms, from the quarter-deck to the forecastle; -- more properly
termed the waist. Totten. Gangway ladder, a ladder rigged on the side
of a vessel at the gangway.
 -- To bring to the gangway, to punish (a seaman) by flogging him at
the gangway.

GANIL
Gan"il, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A kind of brittle limestone. [Prov. Eng.] Kirwan.

GANISTER; GANNISTER
Gan"is*ter, Gan"nis*ter, n. (Mech.)

Defn: A refractory material consisting of crushed or ground siliceous
stone, mixed with fire clay; -- used for lining Bessemer converters;
also used for macadamizing roads.

GANJA
Gan"ja, n. Etym: [Hind. ganjha.]

Defn: The dried hemp plant, used in India for smoking. It is
extremely narcotic and intoxicating.

GANNET
Gan"net, n. Etym: [OE. gant, AS. ganet, ganot, a sea fowl, a fen
duck; akin to D. gent gander, OHG. ganazzo. See Gander, Goose.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of sea birds of the genus Sula, allied
to the pelicans.

Note: The common gannet of Europe and America (S. bassana), is also
called solan goose, chandel goose, and gentleman. In Florida the wood
ibis is commonly called gannet. Booby gannet. See Sula.

GANOCEPHALA
Gan`o*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A group of fossil amphibians allied to the labyrinthodonts,
having the head defended by bony, sculptured plates, as in some
ganoid fishes.

GANOCEPHALOUS
Gan`o*ceph"a*lous, a. (Paleon.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ganocephala.

GANOID
Ga"noid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Ganoidei.
 -- n. One of the Ganoidei. Ganoid scale (Zoöl.), one kind of scales
of the ganoid fishes, composed of an inner layer of bone, and an
outer layer of shining enamel. They are often so arranged as to form
a coat of mail.

GANOIDAL
Ga*noid"al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Ganoid.

GANOIDEI
Ga*noi"de*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Ganoid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the subclasses of fishes. They have an arterial cone and
bulb, spiral intestinal valve, and the optic nerves united by a
chiasma. Many of the species are covered with bony plates, or with
ganoid scales; others have cycloid scales.

Note: They were numerous, and some of them of large size, in early
geological periods; but they are represented by comparatively few
living species, most of which inhabit fresh waters, as the bowfin,
gar pike, bichir, Ceratodus, paddle fish, and sturgeon.

GANOIDIAN
Ga*noid"i*an, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Ganoid.

GANOINE
Ga"no*ine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar bony tissue beneath the enamel of a ganoid scale.

GANSA
Gan"sa, n.

Defn: Same as Ganza. Bp. Hall.

GANTLET
Gant"let, n. [Gantlet is corrupted fr. gantlope; gantlope is for
gatelope, Sw. gatlopp, orig., a running down a lane; gata street,
lane + lopp course, career, akin to löpa to run. See Gate a way, and
Leap.]

Defn: A military punishment formerly in use, wherein the offender was
made to run between two files of men facing one another, who struck
him as he passed. To run the gantlet, to suffer the punishment of the
gantlet; hence, to go through the ordeal of severe criticism or
controversy, or ill-treatment at many hands.
Winthrop ran the gantlet of daily slights. Palfrey.

Note: Written also, but less properly, gauntlet.

GANTLET
Gant"let, n.

Defn: A glove. See Gauntlet.

GANTLINE
Gant"line`, n.

Defn: A line rigged to a mast; -- used in hoisting rigging; a
girtline.

GANTLOPE
Gant"lope`, n.

Defn: See Gantlet. [Obs.]

GANTRY
Gan"try, n.

Defn: See Gauntree.

GANZA
Gan"za, n. Etym: [Sp. gansa, ganso, goose; of Gothic origin. See
Gannet, Goose.]

Defn: A kind of wild goose, by a flock of which a virtuoso was fabled
to be carried to the lunar world. [Also gansa.] Johnson.

GANZ SYSTEM
Ganz system

Defn: A haulage system for canal boats, in which an electric
locomotive running on a monorail has its adhesion materially
increased by the pull of the tow rope on a series of inclined
gripping wheels.

GAOL
Gaol, n. Etym: [See Jail.]

Defn: A place of confinement, especially for minor offenses or
provisional imprisonment; a jail. [Preferably, and in the United
States usually, written jail.] Commission of general gaol delivery,
an authority conferred upon judges and others included in it, for
trying and delivering every prisoner in jail when the judges, upon
their circuit, arrive at the place for holding court, and for
discharging any whom the grand jury fail to indict. [Eng.] -- Gaol
delivery. (Law) See Jail delivery, under Jail.

GAOLER
Gaol"er, n.

Defn: The keeper of a jail. See Jailer.

GAP
Gap, n. Etym: [OE. gap; cf. Icel. gap an empty space, Sw. gap mouth,
breach, abyss, Dan. gab mouth, opening, AS. geap expanse; as adj.,
wide, spacious. See Gape.]

Defn: An opening in anything made by breaking or parting; as, a gap
in a fence; an opening for a passage or entrance; an opening which
implies a breach or defect; a vacant space or time; a hiatus; a
mountain pass.
Miseries ensued by the opening of that gap. Knolles.
It would make a great gap in your own honor. Shak.
Gap lathe (Mach.), a turning lathe with a deep notch in the bed to
admit of turning a short object of large diameter.
 -- To stand in the gap, to expose one's self for the protection of
something; to make defense against any assailing danger; to take the
place of a fallen defender or supporter.
 -- To stop a gap, to secure a weak point; to repair a defect.

GAP
Gap, v. t.

1. To notch, as a sword or knife.

2. To make an opening in; to breach.
Their masses are gapp'd with our grape. Tennyson.

GAPE
Gape (; in Eng, commonly ; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaped ( or ); p.
pr. & vb. n. Gaping] Etym: [OE. gapen, AS. geapan to open; akin to D.
gapen to gape, G. gaffen, Icel. & Sw. gapa, Dan. gabe; cf. Skr. jabh
to snap at, open the mouth. Cf. Gaby, Gap.]

1. To open the mouth wide; as:
(a) Expressing a desire for food; as, young birds gape. Dryden.
(b) Indicating sleepiness or indifference; to yawn.
She stretches, gapes, unglues her eyes, And asks if it be time to
rise. Swift.
(c) Showing self-forgetfulness in surprise, astonishment,
expectation, etc.
With gaping wonderment had stared aghast. Byron.
(d) Manifesting a desire to injure, devour, or overcome.
They have gaped upon me with their mouth. Job xvi. 10.

2. To pen or part widely; to exhibit a gap, fissure, or hiatus.
May that ground gape and swallow me alive! Shak.

3. To long, wait eagerly, or cry aloud for something; -- with for,
after, or at.
The hungry grave for her due tribute gapes. Denham.

Syn.
 -- To gaze; stare; yawn. See Gaze.

GAPE
Gape, n.

1. The act of gaping; a yawn. Addison.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The width of the mouth when opened, as of birds, fishes, etc.
GAPES; THE GAPES
The gapes.
(a) A fit of yawning.
(b) A disease of young poultry and other birds, attended with much
gaping. It is caused by a parasitic nematode worm (Syngamus
trachealis), in the windpipe, which obstructs the breathing. See
Gapeworm.

GAPER
Gap"er, n.

1. One who gapes.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A European fish. See 4th Comber.
(b) A large edible clam (Schizothærus Nuttalli), of the Pacific
coast; -- called also gaper clam.
(c) An East Indian bird of the genus Cymbirhynchus, related to the
broadbills.

GAPESEED
Gape"seed`, n.

Defn: Any strange sight. Wright.

GAPESING
Gapes"ing ( or ), n.

Defn: Act of gazing about; sightseeing. [Prov. Eng.]

GAPEWORM
Gape"worm` ( or ), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The parasitic worm that causes the gapes in birds. See
Illustration in Appendix.

GAPINGSTOCK
Gap"ing*stock` ( or ), n.

Defn: One who is an object of open-mouthed wonder.
I was to be a gapingstock and a scorn to the young volunteers.
Godwin.

GAP-TOOTHED
Gap"-toothed`, a.

Defn: Having interstices between the teeth. Dryden.

GAR
Gar, n. Etym: [Prob. AS. gar dart, spear, lance. The name is applied
to the fish on account of its long and slender body and pointed head.
Cf. Goad, Gore, v.] (Zoöl.)
(a) Any slender marine fish of the genera Belone and Tylosurus. See
Garfish.
(b) The gar pike. See Alligator gar (under Alligator), and Gar pike.
Gar pike, or Garpike (Zoöl.), a large, elongated ganoid fish of the
genus Lepidosteus, of several species, inhabiting the lakes and
rivers of temperate and tropical America.

GAR
Gar, v. t. Etym: [Of Scand. origin. See Gear, n.]

Defn: To cause; to make. [Obs. or Scot.] Spenser.

GARAGE
Ga`rage", n. [F.]

1. A place for housing automobiles.

2.  (Aëronautics) A shed for housing an airship or flying machine; a
hangar.

3.  A side way or space in a canal to enable vessels to pass each
other; a siding.

 Garage is recent in English, and has as yet acquired no settled
pronunciation.

GARAGE
Ga`rage", v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Garaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Garaging.]

Defn: To keep in a garage. [Colloq.]

GARANCIN
Gar"an*cin (; 104), n. Etym: [F. garance madder, LL. garantia.]
(Chem.)

Defn: An extract of madder by sulphuric acid. It consists essentially
of alizarin.

GARB
Garb, n. Etym: [OF. garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr.
OHG. garawi, garwi, ornament, dress. akin to E. gear. See Gear, n.]

1.
(a) Clothing in general.
(b) The whole dress or suit of clothes worn by any person, especially
when indicating rank or office; as, the garb of a clergyman or a
judge.
(c) Costume; fashion; as, the garb of a gentleman in the 16th
century.

2. External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character;
looks; fashion or manner, as of speech.
You thought, because he could not speak English in the native garb,
he could not therefore handle an English cudgel. Shak.

GARB
Garb, n. Etym: [F. gerbe, OF. also garbe, OHG. garba, G. garbe; cf.
Skr. grbh to seize, E. grab.] (Her.)

Defn: A sheaf of grain (wheat, unless otherwise specified).

GARB
Garb, v. t.

Defn: To clothe; array; deck.
These black dog-Dons Garb themselves bravely. Tennyson.

GARBAGE
Gar"bage (; 48), n. Etym: [OE. also garbash, perh. orig., that which
is purged or cleansed away; cf. OF. garber to make fine, neat, OHG.
garawan to make ready, prepare, akin to E. garb dress; or perh. for
garbleage, fr. garble; or cf. OF. garbage tax on sheaves, E. garb
sheaf.]

Defn: Offal, as the bowels of an animal or fish; refuse animal or
vegetable matter from a kitchen; hence, anything worthless,
disgusting, or loathsome. Grainger.

GARBAGE
Gar"bage, v. t.

Defn: To strip of the bowels; to clean. "Pilchards . . . are
garbaged." Holland.

GARBED
Garbed, a.

Defn: Dressed; habited; clad.

GARBEL
Gar"bel, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Same as Garboard.

GARBEL
Gar"bel, n. Etym: [Cf. Garble, v. t.]

Defn: Anything sifted, or from which the coarse parts have been
taken. [Obs.]

GARBLE
Gar"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Garbling.]
Etym: [Formerly, to pick out, sort, OF. grabeler, for garbeler to
examine precisely, garble spices, fr. LL. garbellare to sift; cf. Sp.
garbillar to sift, garbillo a coarse sieve, L. cribellum, dim. of
cribrum sieve, akin to cernere to separate, sift (cf. E. Discern); or
perh. rather from Ar. gharbal, gharbil, sieve.]

1. To sift or bolt, to separate the fine or valuable parts of from
the coarse and useless parts, or from dros or dirt; as, to garble
spices. [Obs.]

2. To pick out such parts of as may serve a purpose; to mutilate; to
pervert; as, to garble a quotation; to garble an account.

GARBLE
Gar"ble, n.

1. Refuse; rubbish. [Obs.] Wolcott.

2. pl.

Defn: Impurities separated from spices, drugs, etc.; -- also called
garblings.

GARBLER
Gar"bler, n.

Defn: One who garbles.

GARBOARD
Gar"board, n. (Naut.)

Defn: One of the planks next the keel on the outside, which form a
garboard strake. Garboard strake or streak, the first range or strake
of planks laid on a ship's bottom next the keel. Totten.

GARBOIL
Gar"boil, n. Etym: [OF. garbouil; cf. Sp. garbullo, It. garbuglio; of
uncertain origin; the last part is perh. fr. L. bullire to boil, E.
boil.]

Defn: Tumult; disturbance; disorder. [Obs.] Shak.

GARCINIA
Gar*cin"i*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, including the mangosteen tree (Garcinia
Mangostana), found in the islands of the Indian Archipelago; -- so
called in honor of Dr. Garcin.

GARCON
Gar`çon", n. [F.]

Defn: A boy; fellow; esp., a serving boy or man; a waiter; -- in Eng.
chiefly applied to French waiters.

GARD
Gard, n. Etym: [See Garde, Yard]

Defn: Garden. [Obs.] "Trees of the gard." F. Beaumont.

GARD
Gard, v. & n.

Defn: See Guard.

GARDANT
Gar"dant, a. Etym: [F. See Guardant.] (Her.)

Defn: Turning the head towards the spectator, but not the body; --
said of a lion or other beast.

GARDE CIVIQUE
Garde` ci`vique". [F.]

Defn: See Army organization, above.

GARDEN
Gar"den, n. Etym: [OE. gardin, OF. gardin, jardin, F. jardin, of
German origin; cf. OHG. garto, G. garten; akin to AS. geard. See Yard
an inclosure.]

1. A piece of ground appropriates to the cultivation of herbs,
fruits, flowers, or vegetables.

2. A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of country.
I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy, The pleasant garden of great
Italy. Shak.

Note: Garden is often used adjectively or in self-explaining
compounds; as, garden flowers, garden tools, garden walk, garden
wall, garden house or gardenhouse. Garden balsam, an ornamental plant
(Impatiens Balsamina).
 -- Garden engine, a wheelbarrow tank and pump for watering gardens.
 -- Garden glass. (a) A bell glass for covering plants. (b) A globe
of dark-colored glass, mounted on a pedestal, to reflect surrounding
objects; -- much used as an ornament in gardens in Germany.
 -- Garden house (a) A summer house. Beau & Fl. (b) A privy.
[Southern U.S.] -- Garden husbandry, the raising on a small scale of
seeds, fruits, vegetables, etc., for sale.
 -- Garden mold or mould, rich, mellow earth which is fit for a
garden. Mortimer.
 -- Garden nail, a cast nail used, for fastening vines to brick
walls. Knight.
 -- Garden net, a net for covering fruits trees, vines, etc., to
protect them from birds.
 -- Garden party, a social party held out of doors, within the
grounds or garden attached to a private residence.
 -- Garden plot, a plot appropriated to a garden. Garden pot, a
watering pot.
 -- Garden pump, a garden engine; a barrow pump.
 -- Garden shears, large shears, for clipping trees and hedges,
pruning, etc.
 -- Garden spider, (Zoöl.), the diadem spider (Epeira diadema),
common in gardens, both in Europe and America. It spins a geometrical
web. See Geometric spider, and Spider web.
 -- Garden stand, a stand for flower pots.
 -- Garden stuff, vegetables raised in a garden. [Colloq.] -- Garden
syringe, a syringe for watering plants, sprinkling them with
solutions for destroying insects, etc.
 -- Garden truck, vegetables raised for the market. [Colloq.] --
Garden ware, garden truck. [Obs.] Mortimer.
 -- Bear garden, Botanic garden, etc. See under Bear, etc.
 -- Hanging garden. See under Hanging.
 -- Kitchen garden, a garden where vegetables are cultivated for
household use.
 -- Market garden, a piece of ground where vegetable are cultivated
to be sold in the markets for table use.

GARDEN
Gar"den, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gardened; p. pr. & vb. n. Gardening.]

Defn: To lay out or cultivate a garden; to labor in a garden; to
practice horticulture.

GARDEN
Gar"den, v. t.

Defn: To cultivate as a garden.

GARDENER
Gar"den*er, n.

Defn: One who makes and tends a garden; a horticulturist.

GARDENIA
Garde"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, some species of which produce beautiful and
fragrant flowers; Cape jasmine; -- so called in honor of Dr.
Alexander Garden.

GARDENING
Gar"den*ing, n.

Defn: The art of occupation of laying out and cultivating gardens;
horticulture.

GARDENLESS
Gar"den*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a garden. Shelley.

GARDENLY
Gar"den*ly, a.

Defn: Like a garden. [R.] W. Marshall.

GARDENSHIP
Gar"den*ship, n.

Defn: Horticulture. [Obs.]

GARDON
Gar"don, n. Etym: [F] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European cyprinoid fish; the id.

GARDYLOO
Gar`dy*loo", n. Etym: [F. gare l'eau beware of the water.]

Defn: An old cry in throwing water, slops, etc., from the windows in
Edingburgh. Sir. W. Scott.

GARE
Gare, n. Etym: [Cf. Gear.]

Defn: Coarse wool on the legs of sheep. Blount.

GAREFOWL
Gare"fowl`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The great auk; also, the razorbill. See Auk. [Written also
gairfowl, and gurfel.]

GARFISH
Gar"fish`, n. Etym: [See Gar, n.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A European marine fish (Belone vulgaris); -- called also gar,
gerrick, greenback, greenbone, gorebill, hornfish, longnose, mackerel
guide, sea needle, and sea pike.
(b) One of several species of similar fishes of the genus Tylosurus,
of which one species (T. marinus) is common on the Atlantic coast. T.
Caribbæus, a very large species, and T. crassus, are more southern; -
- called also needlefish. Many of the common names of the European
garfish are also applied to the American species.

GARGALIZE
Gar"ga*lize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Gargle, Gargarize.]

Defn: To gargle; to rinse. [Obs.] Marston.

GARGANEY
Gar"ga*ney, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European duck (Anas querquedula); -- called also
cricket teal, and summer teal.

GARGANTUAN
Gar*gan"tu*an, a. Etym: [From Gargantua, an allegorical hero of
Rabelais.]

Defn: Characteristic of Gargantua, a gigantic, wonderful personage;
enormous; prodigious; inordinate.

GARGARISM
Gar"ga*rism, n. Etym: [F. gargarisme, L. gargarisma. See Gargarize.]
(Med.)

Defn: A gargle.

GARGARIZE
Gar"ga*rize, v. t. Etym: [F. gargarizare, fr. Gr.

Defn: To gargle; to rinse or wash, as the mouth and throat. [Obs.]
Bacon.

GARGET
Garget, n. Etym: [OE. garget, gargate, throat, OF. gargate. Cf.
Gorge. The etymol. of senses 2, 3, & 4 is not certain.]

1. The throat. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A diseased condition of the udders of cows, etc., arising from an
inflammation of the mammary glands.

3. A distemper in hogs, indicated by staggering and loss of appetite.
Youatt.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: See Poke.

GARGIL
Gar"gil, n. Etym: [Cf. Garget, Gargoyle.]

Defn: A distemper in geese, affecting the head.

GARGLE
Gar"gle, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Gargoyle.

GARGLE
Gar"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garggled, p. pr. & vb. n. Gargling (
Etym: [F. gargouiller to dabble, paddle, gargle. Cf. Gargoyle,
Gurgle.]

1. To wash or rinse, as the mouth or throat, particular the latter,
agitating the liquid (water or a medicinal preparation) by an
expulsion of air from the lungs.

2. To warble; to sing as if gargling [Obs.] Waller.

GARGLE
Gar"gle, n.

Defn: A liquid, as water or some medicated preparation, used to
cleanse the mouth and throat, especially for a medical effect.

GARGOL
Gar"gol, n. Etym: [Cf. Gargil.]

Defn: A distemper in swine; garget. Mortimer.

GARGOULETTE
Gar`gou*lette", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A water cooler or jug with a handle and spout; a gurglet.
Mollett.

GARGOYLE
Gar"goyle, n. Etym: [OE. garguilie, gargouille, cf. Sp. gárgola,
prob. fr. the same source as F. gorge throat, influenced by L.
gargarizare to gargle. See Gorge and cf. Gargle, Gargarize.] (Arch.)

Defn: A spout projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often
carved grotesquely. [Written also gargle, gargyle, and gurgoyle.]

GARGYLE
Gar"gyle, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Gargoyle.

GARIBALDI
Ga`ri*bal"di, n.

1. A jacket worn by women; -- so called from its resemblance in shape
to the red shirt worn by the Italians patriot Garibaldi.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A California market fish (Pomancentrus rubicundus) of a deep
scarlet color.

GARISH
Gar"ish, a. Etym: [Cf. OE. gauren to stare; of uncertain origin. Cf.
gairish.]

1. Showy; dazzling; ostentatious; attracting or exciting attention.
"The garish sun." "A garish flag." Shak. "In . . . garish colors."
Asham. "The garish day." J. H. Newman.
Garish like the laughters of drunkenness. Jer. Taylor.

2. Gay to extravagance; flighty.
It makes the mind loose and garish. South.
-- Gar"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Garish*ness, n. Jer. Taylor.

GARLAND
Gar"land, n. Etym: [OE. garland, gerlond, OF. garlande, F. guirlande;
of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. wiara, wiera, crown, pure gold, MHG.
wieren to adorn.]

1. The crown of a king. [Obs.] Graffon.

2. A wreath of chaplet made of branches, flowers, or feathers, and
sometimes of precious stones, to be worn on the head like a crown; a
coronal; a wreath. Pope.

3. The top; the thing most prized. Shak.

4. A book of extracts in prose or poetry; an anthology.
They [ballads] began to be collected into little miscellanies under
the name of garlands. Percy.

5. (Naut.)
(a) A sort of netted bag used by sailors to keep provision in.
(b) A grommet or ring of rope lashed to a spar for convenience in
handling.

GARLAND
Gar"land, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garlanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Garlanding.]

Defn: To deck with a garland. B. Jonson.

GARLANDLESS
Gar"land*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a garland. Shelley.

GARLIC
Gar"lic, n. Etym: [OE. garlek, AS. garleác; gar spear, lance + leác
leek. See Gar, n., and Leek.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Allium (A. sativum is the cultivated
variety), having a bulbous root, a very strong smell, and an acrid,
pungent taste. Each root is composed of several lesser bulbs, called
cloves of garlic, inclosed in a common membranous coat, and easily
separable.

2. A kind of jig or farce. [Obs.] Taylor (1630). Garlic mustard, a
European plant of the Mustard family (Alliaria officinalis) which has
a strong smell of garlic.
 -- Garlic pear tree, a tree in Jamaica (Cratæva gynandra), bearing a
fruit which has a strong scent of garlic, and a burning taste.

GARLICKY
Gar"lick*y, a.

Defn: Like or containing garlic.

GARMENT
Gar"ment, n. Etym: [OE. garnement, OF. garnement, garniment, fr.
garnir to garnish. See Garnish.]

Defn: Any article of clothing, as a coat, a gown, etc.
No man putteth a piece of new cloth unto old garment. Matt. ix. 16.

GARMENTED
Gar"ment*ed, p. a.

Defn: Having on a garment; attired; enveloped, as with a garment.
[Poetic]
A lovely lady garmented in light From her own beauty. Shelley.

GARMENTURE
Gar"men*ture, n.

Defn: Clothing; dress.

GARNER
Gar"ner, n. Etym: [OE. garner, gerner, greiner, OF. gernier, grenier,
F. grenier, fr. L. granarium, fr. granum. See 1st Grain, and cf.
Granary.]

Defn: A granary; a building or place where grain is stored for
preservation.

GARNER
Gar"ner, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnered; p. pr. & vb. n. Garnering.]

Defn: To gather for preservation; to store, as in a granary; to
treasure. Shak.

GARNET
Gar"net, n. Etym: [OE. gernet, grenat, OF. grenet,grenat, F. grenat,
LL. granatus, fr. L. granatum pomegranate, granatus having many
grains or seeds, fr. granum grain, seed. So called from its
resemblance in color and shape to the grains or seeds of the
pomegranate. See Grain, and cf. Grenade, Pomegranate.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral having many varieties differing in color and in their
constituents, but with the same crystallization (isometric), and
conforming to the same general chemical formula. The commonest color
is red, the luster is vitreous, and the hardness greater than that of
quartz. The dodecahedron and trapezohedron are the common forms.

Note: There are also white, green, yellow, brown, and black
varieties. The garnet is a silicate, the bases being aluminia lime
(grossularite, essonite, or cinnamon stone), or aluminia magnesia
(pyrope), or aluminia iron (almandine), or aluminia manganese
(spessartite), or iron lime (common garnet, melanite, allochroite),
or chromium lime (ouvarovite, color emerald green). The transparent
red varieties are used as gems. The garnet was, in part, the
carbuncle of the ancients. Garnet is a very common mineral in gneiss
and mica slate. Garnet berry (Bot.), the red currant; -- so called
from its transparent red color.
 -- Garnet brown (Chem.), an artificial dyestuff, produced as an
explosive brown crystalline substance with a green or golden luster.
It consists of the potassium salt of a complex cyanogen derivative of
picric acid.

GARNET
Gar"net, n. Etym: [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.)

Defn: A tackle for hoisting cargo in our out. Clew garnet. See under
Clew.

GARNETIFEROUS
Gar`net*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [1st garnet + -ferous.] (Min.)

Defn: Containing garnets.

GARNIERITE
Gar"ni*er*ite, n. Etym: [Named after the French geologist Garnier.]
(Min.)

Defn: An amorphous mineral of apple-green color; a hydrous silicate
of nickel and magnesia. It is an important ore of nickel.

GARNISH
Gar"nish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnished; p. pr. & vb. n. Garnishing.]
Etym: [OE. garnischen, garnissen, OF. garnir to provide, strengthen,
prepare, garnish, warn, F. garnir to provide, furnish, garnish, -- of
German origin; cf. OHG. warnon to provide, equip; akin to G. wahren
to watch, E. aware, ware, wary, and cf. also E. warn. See Wary, -ish,
and cf. Garment, Garrison.]

1. To decorate with ornamental appendages; to set off; to adorn; to
embellish.
All within with flowers was garnished. Spenser.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: To ornament, as a dish, with something laid about it; as, a
dish garnished with parsley.

3. To furnish; to supply.

4. To fit with fetters. [Cant] Johnson.

5. (Law)

Defn: To warn by garnishment; to give notice to; to garnishee. See
Garnishee, v. t. Cowell.

GARNISH
Gar"nish, n.

1. Something added for embellishment; decoration; ornament; also,
dress; garments, especially such as are showy or decorated.
So are you, sweet, Even in the lovely garnish of a boy. Shak.
Matter and figure they produce; For garnish this, and that for use.
Prior.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: Something set round or upon a dish as an embellishment. See
Garnish, v. t., 2. Smart.

3. Fetters. [Cant]

4. A fee; specifically, in English jails, formerly an unauthorized
fee demanded by the old prisoners of a newcomer. [Cant] Fielding.
Garnish bolt (Carp.), a bolt with a chamfered or faceted head.
Knight.

GARNISHEE
Gar`nish*ee", n. (Law)

Defn: One who is garnished; a person upon whom garnishment has been
served in a suit by a creditor against a debtor, such person holding
property belonging to the debtor, or owing him money.

Note: The order by which warning is made is called a garnishee order.

GARNISHEE
Gar`nish*ee", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnisheed (-ed); p. pr. & vb. n.
Garnisheeing.] (Law)
(a) To make (a person) a garnishee; to warn by garnishment; to
garnish.
(b) To attach (the fund or property sought to be secured by
garnishment); to trustee.

GARNISHER
Gar"nish*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, garnishes.

GARNISHMENT
Gar"nish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. garnissement protection, guarantee,
warning.]

1. Ornament; embellishment; decoration. Sir H. Wotton.

2. (Law)
(a) Warning, or legal notice, to one to appear and give information
to the court on any matter.
(b) Warning to a person in whose hands the effects of another are
attached, not to pay the money or deliver the goods to the defendant,
but to appear in court and give information as garnishee.

3. A fee. See Garnish, n., 4.

GARNITURE
Gar"ni*ture, n. Etym: [F. garniture. See Garnish, v. t.]

Defn: That which garnishes; ornamental appendage; embellishment;
furniture; dress.
The pomp of groves and garniture of fields. Beattie.

GAROOKUH
Ga*roo"kuh, n.

Defn: A small fishing vessel met with in the Persian Gulf.

GAROUS
Ga"rous, a. Etym: [From Garum.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, garum. Sir T. Browne.

GAR PIKE; GARPIKE
Gar" pike` or; Gar"pike`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See under Gar.

GARRAN
Gar"ran, n. Etym: [Gael. garrán, gearrán, gelding, work horse, hack.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: See Galloway. [Scot. garron or gerron. Jamieson.]

GARRET
Gar"ret, n. Etym: [OE. garite, garette, watchtower, place of lookout,
OF. garite, also meaning, a place of refuge, F. guérite a place of
refuge, donjon, sentinel box, fr. OF. garir to preserve, save,
defend, F. guérir to cure; of German origin; cf. OHG. werian to
protect, defend, hinder, G. wehren, akin to Goth. warjan to hinder,
and akin to E. weir, or perhaps to wary. See Weir, and cf. Guerite.]

1. A turret; a watchtower. [Obs.]
He saw men go up and down on the garrets of the gates and walls. Ld.
Berners.

2. That part of a house which is on the upper floor, immediately
under or within the roof; an attic.
The tottering garrets which overhung the streets of Rome. Macaulay.

GARRETED
Gar"ret*ed, a.

Defn: Protected by turrets. [Obs.] R. Carew.

GARRETEER
Gar`ret*eer", n.

Defn: One who lives in a garret; a poor author; a literary hack.
Macaulay.

GARRETING
Gar"ret*ing, n.

Defn: Small splinters of stone inserted into the joints of coarse
masonry. Weale.

GARRISON
Gar"ri*son, n. Etym: [OE. garnisoun, F. garnison garrison, in OF. &
OE. also, provision, munitions, from garnir to garnish. See Garnish.]
(Mil.)
(a) A body of troops stationed in a fort or fortified town.
(b) A fortified place, in which troops are quartered for its
security. In garrison, in the condition of a garrison; doing duty in
a fort or as one of a garrison.

GARRISON
Gar"ri*son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garrisoned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Garrisoning.] (Mil.)
(a) To place troops in, as a fortification, for its defense; to
furnish with soldiers; as, to garrison a fort or town.
(b) To secure or defend by fortresses manned with troops; as, to
garrison a conquered territory.

GARRON
Gar"ron, n.

Defn: Same as Garran. [Scot.]

GARROT
Gar"rot, n. Etym: [F. Cf. Garrote.] (Surg.)

Defn: A stick or small wooden cylinder used for tightening a bandage,
in order to compress the arteries of a limb.

GARROT
Gar"rot, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European golden-eye.

GARROTE
Gar*rote", n. Etym: [Sp. garrote, from garra claw, talon, of Celtic
origin; cf. Armor. & W. gar leg, ham, shank. Cf. Garrot stick,
Garter.]

Defn: A Spanish mode of execution by strangulation, with an iron
collar affixed to a post and tightened by a screw until life become
extinct; also, the instrument by means of which the punishment is
inflicted.

GARROTE
Gar*rote", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garroted; p. pr. & vb. n. Garroting.]

Defn: To strangle with the garrote; hence, to seize by the throat,
from behind, with a view to strangle and rob.

GARROTER
Gar*rot"er, n.

Defn: One who seizes a person by the throat from behind, with a view
to strangle and rob him.

GARRULITY
Gar*ru"li*ty, n. Etym: [L. garrulitas: cf. F. garrulité.]

Defn: Talkativeness; loquacity.

GARRULOUS
Gar"ru*lous, a. Etym: [L. garrulus, fr. garrire to chatter, talk; cf.
Gr. Call.]

1. Talking much, especially about commonplace or trivial things;
talkative; loquacious.
The most garrulous people on earth. De Quincey.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a loud, harsh note; noisy; -- said of birds; as, the
garrulous roller.

Syn.
 -- Garrulous, Talkative, Loquacious. A garrulous person indulges in
long, prosy talk, with frequent repetitions and lengthened details;
talkative implies simply a great desire to talk; and loquacious a
great flow of words at command. A child is talkative; a lively woman
is loquacious; an old man in his dotage is garrulous.
 -- Gar"ru*lous*ly, adv.
 -- Gar"ru*lous*ness, n.

GARRUPA
Gar*ru"pa, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Grouper the
fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of California market fishes, of the
genus Sebastichthys; -- called also rockfish. See Rockfish.

GARTER
Gar"ter, n. Etym: [OE. gartier, F. jarretière, fr. OF. garet bend of
the knee, F. jarret; akin to Sp. garra claw, Prov. garra leg. See
Garrote.]

1. A band used to prevent a stocking from slipping down on the leg.

2. The distinguishing badge of the highest order of knighthood in
Great Britain, called the Order of the Garter, instituted by Edward
III.; also, the Order itself.

3. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Bendlet. Garter fish (Zoöl.), a fish of the genus
Lepidopus, having a long, flat body, like the blade of a sword; the
scabbard fish.
 -- Garter king-at-arms, the chief of the official heralds of
England, king-at-arms to the Order of the Garter; -- often
abbreviated to Garter.
 -- Garter snake (Zoöl.), one of several harmless American snakes of
the genus Eutænia, of several species (esp. E. saurita and E.
sirtalis); one of the striped snakes; -- so called from its
conspicuous stripes of color.

GARTER
Gar"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gartered; p. pr. & vb. n. Gartering.]

1. To bind with a garter.
He . . . could not see to garter his hose. Shak.

2. To invest with the Order of the Garter. T. Warton.

GARTER STITCH
Garter stitch.

Defn: The simplest stitch in knitting.

GARTH
Garth, n. Etym: [Icel. gar yard. See Yard.]

1. A close; a yard; a croft; a garden; as, a cloister garth.
A clapper clapping in a garth To scare the fowl from fruit. Tennyson.

2. A dam or weir for catching fish.

GARTH
Garth, n. Etym: [Girth.]

Defn: A hoop or band. [Prov. Eng.]

GARUM
Ga"rum, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A sauce made of small fish. It was prized by the ancients.

GARVIE
Gar"vie, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The spart; -- called also garvie herring, and garvock. [Prov.
Eng. & Scot.]

GAS
Gas, n.; pl. Gases. Etym: [Invented by the chemist Van Helmont of
Brussels, who died in 1644.]

1. An aëriform fluid; -- a term used at first by chemists as
synonymous with air, but since restricted to fluids supposed to be
permanently elastic, as oxygen, hydrogen, etc., in distinction from
vapors, as steam, which become liquid on a reduction of temperature.
In present usage, since all of the supposed permanent gases have been
liquified by cold and pressure, the term has resumed nearly its
original signification, and is applied to any substance in the
elastic or aëriform state.

2. (Popular Usage)
(a) A complex mixture of gases, of which the most important
constituents are marsh gas, olefiant gas, and hydrogen, artificially
produced by the destructive distillation of gas coal, or sometimes of
peat, wood, oil, resin, etc. It gives a brilliant light when burned,
and is the common gas used for illuminating purposes.
(b) Laughing gas.
(c) Any irrespirable aëriform fluid.

Note: Gas is often used adjectively or in combination; as, gas fitter
or gasfitter; gas meter or gas-meter, etc. Air gas (Chem.), a kind of
gas made by forcing air through some volatile hydrocarbon, as the
lighter petroleums. The air is so saturated with combustible vapor as
to be a convenient illuminating and heating agent.
 -- Gas battery (Elec.), a form of voltaic battery, in which gases,
especially hydrogen and oxygen, are the active agents.
 -- Gas carbon, Gas coke, etc. See under Carbon, Coke, etc.
 -- Gas coal, a bituminous or hydrogenous coal yielding a high
percentage of volatile matters, and therefore available for the
manufacture of illuminating gas. R. W. Raymond.
 -- Gas engine, an engine in which the motion of the piston is
produced by the combustion or sudden production or expansion of gas;
-- especially, an engine in which an explosive mixture of gas and air
is forced into the working cylinder and ignited there by a gas flame
or an electric spark.
 -- Gas fitter, one who lays pipes and puts up fixtures for gas.
 -- Gas fitting. (a) The occupation of a gas fitter. (b) pl. The
appliances needed for the introduction of gas into a building, as
meters, pipes, burners, etc.
 -- Gas fixture, a device for conveying illuminating or combustible
gas from the pipe to the gas-burner, consisting of an appendage of
cast, wrought, or drawn metal, with tubes upon which the burners,
keys, etc., are adjusted.
 -- Gas generator, an apparatus in which gas is evolved; as: (a) a
retort in which volatile hydrocarbons are evolved by heat; (b) a
machine in which air is saturated with the vapor of liquid
hydrocarbon; a carburetor; (c) a machine for the production of
carbonic acid gas, for aërating water, bread, etc. Knight.
 -- Gas jet, a flame of illuminating gas.
 -- Gas machine, an apparatus for carbureting air for use as
illuminating gas.
 -- Gas meter, an instrument for recording the quantity of gas
consumed in a given time, at a particular place.
 -- Gas retort, a retort which contains the coal and other materials,
and in which the gas is generated, in the manufacture of gas.
 -- Gas stove, a stove for cooking or other purposes, heated by gas.
 -- Gas tar, coal tar.
 -- Gas trap, a drain trap; a sewer trap. See 4th Trap, 5.
 -- Gas washer (Gas Works), an apparatus within which gas from the
condenser is brought in contact with a falling stream of water, to
precipitate the tar remaining in it. Knight.
 -- Gas water, water through which gas has been passed for
purification; -- called also gas liquor and ammoniacal water, and
used for the manufacture of sal ammoniac, carbonate of ammonia, and
Prussian blue. Tomlinson.
 -- Gas well, a deep boring, from which natural gas is discharged.
Raymond.
 -- Gas works, a manufactory of gas, with all the machinery and
appurtenances; a place where gas is generated for lighting cities.
 -- Laughing gas. See under Laughing.
 -- Marsh gas (Chem.), a light, combustible, gaseous hydrocarbon,
CH4, produced artificially by the dry distillation of many organic
substances, and occurring as a natural product of decomposition in
stagnant pools, whence its name. It is an abundant ingredient of
ordinary illuminating gas, and is the first member of the paraffin
series. Called also methane, and in coal mines, fire damp.
 -- Natural gas, gas obtained from wells, etc., in Pennsylvania,
Ohio, and elsewhere, and largely used for fuel and illuminating
purposes. It is chiefly derived from the Coal Measures.
 -- Olefiant gas (Chem.). See Ethylene.
 -- Water gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing steam over
glowing coals, whereby there results a mixture of hydrogen and carbon
monoxide. This gives a gas of intense heating power, but destitute of
light-giving properties, and which is charged by passing through some
volatile hydrocarbon, as gasoline.synthesis gas

GASALIER
Gas`a*lier", n. Etym: [Formed from gas, in imitation of chandelier.]

Defn: A chandelier arranged to burn gas.

GAS-BURNER
Gas"-burn`er, n.

Defn: The jet piece of a gas fixture where the gas is burned as it
escapes from one or more minute orifices.

GASCOINES
Gas"coines, n. pl.

Defn: See Gaskins, 1. Lyly.

GASCON
Gas"con (; F. ), a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Gascony, in France, or to the Gascons;
also, braggart; swaggering.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Gascony; a boaster; a bully. See Gasconade.

GASCONADE
Gas`con*ade", n. Etym: [F. gasconnade, from Gascon an inhabitant of
Gascony, the people of which were noted for boasting.]

Defn: A boast or boasting; a vaunt; a bravado; a bragging;
braggodocio. Swift.

GASCONADE
Gas`con*ade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasconaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gasconading.]

Defn: To boast; to brag; to bluster.

GASCONADER
Gas`con*ad"er, n.

Defn: A great boaster; a blusterer.

GASCOYNES
Gas"coynes, n. pl.

Defn: Gaskins. Beau & Fl.

GASEITY
Gas*e"i*ty ( or ), n.

Defn: State of being gaseous. [R] Eng. Cyc.

GASELIER
Gas`e*lier", n. [Formed from gas, in imitation of chandelier.]

Defn: A chandelier arranged to burn gas.

GAS ENGINE
Gas engine. (Mach.)

Defn: A kind of internal-combustion engine (which see) using fixed
gas; also, broadly, any internal-combustion engine.

GASEOUS
Gas"e*ous ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [From Gas. Cf. F. gazeux.]

1. In the form, or of the nature, of gas, or of an aëriform fluid.

2. Lacking substance or solidity; tenuous. "Unconnected, gaseous
information." Sir J. Stephen.

GASH
Gash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gashing.] Etym:
[For older garth or garse, OF. garser to scarify, F. gercer to chap,
perh. from an assumed LL. carptiare, fr. L. carpere, carptum, to
pluck, separate into parts; cf. LL. carptare to wound. Cf. Carpet.]

Defn: To make a gash, or long, deep incision in; -- applied chiefly
to incisions in flesh.
Grievously gashed or gored to death. Hayward.

GASH
Gash, n.

Defn: A deep and long cut; an incision of considerable length and
depth, particularly in flesh.

GASHFUL
Gash"ful, a.

Defn: Full of gashes; hideous; frightful. [Obs.] "A gashful, horrid,
ugly shape." Gayton.

GASIFICATION
Gas`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [See Gasify.]

Defn: The act or process of converting into gas.

GASIFORM
Gas"i*form, a.

Defn: Having a form of gas; gaseous.

GASIFY
Gas"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gasified; p. pr. & vb. n. Gasifying.]
Etym: [Gas + -fy.]

Defn: To convert into gas, or an aëriform fluid, as by the
application of heat, or by chemical processes.

GASIFY
Gas"i*fy, v. i.

Defn: To become gas; to pass from a liquid to a gaseous state.
Scientific American.

GASKET
Gas"ket, n. Etym: [Cf. F. garcette, It. gaschetta, Sp. cajeta caburn,
garceta reef point.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A line or band used to lash a furled sail securely. Sea gaskets
are common lines; harbor gaskets are plaited and decorated lines or
bands. Called also casket.

2. (Mech.)
(a) The plaited hemp used for packing a piston, as of the steam
engine and its pumps.
(b) Any ring or washer of packing.

GASKINS
Gas"kins, n.pl. Etym: [Cf. Galligaskins.]

1. Loose hose or breeches; galligaskins. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Packing of hemp. Simmonds.

3. A horse's thighs. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

GASLIGHT
Gas"light`, n.

1. The light yielded by the combustion of illuminating gas.

2. A gas jet or burner.

GASOGEN
Gas"o*gen, n. Etym: [Gas + -gen.]

1. An apparatus for the generation of gases, or for impregnating a
liquid with a gas, or a gas with a volatile liquid.

2. A volatile hydrocarbon, used as an illuminant, or for charging
illuminating gas.

GASOLENE
Gas`o*lene, n.

Defn: See Gasoline.

GASOLIER
Gas`o*lier", n.

Defn: Same as Gasalier.

GASOLINE
Gas"o*line ( or ; 104), n.

Defn: A highly volatile mixture of fluid hydrocarbons, obtained from
petroleum, as also by the distillation of bituminous coal. It is used
in making air gas, and in giving illuminating power to water gas. See
Carburetor.

GASOLINE ENGINE; GASOLENE ENGINE
Gas"o*line, or Gas"o*lene, en"gine . (Mach.)

Defn: A kind of internal-combustion engine; -- in British countries
called usually petrol engine.

GASOMETER
Gas*om"e*ter ( or ), n. Etym: [Gas + -meter. Cf. F. gazomètre.]

Defn: An apparatus for holding and measuring of gas; in gas works, a
huge iron cylinder closed at one end and having the other end
immersed in water, in which it is made to rise or fall, according to
the volume of gas it contains, or the pressure required.

GASOMETRIC; GASOMETRICAL
Gas`o*met"ric or; Gas`o*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the measurement of gases; as, gasometric
analysis.

GASOMETRY
Gas*om"e*try ( or ), n.

Defn: The art or practice of measuring gases; also, the science which
treats of the nature and properties of these elastic fluids. Coxe.

GASOSCOPE
Gas"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gas + -scope.]

Defn: An apparatus for detecting the presence of any dangerous gas,
from a gas leak in a coal mine or a dwelling house.

GASP
Gasp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasped; p. pr. & vb. n. Gasping.] Etym:
[OE. gaspen, gaispen, to yawn, gasp, Icel. geispa to yawn; akin to
Sw. gäspa, Dan. gispe to gasp.]

1. To open the mouth wide in catching the breath, or in laborious
respiration; to labor for breath; to respire convulsively; to pant
violently.
She gasps and struggles hard for life. Lloyd.

2. To pant with eagerness; to show vehement desire.
Quenching the gasping furrows' thirst with rain. Spenser.

GASP
Gasp, v. t.

Defn: To emit or utter with gasps; -- with forth, out, away, etc.
And with short sobs he gasps away his breath. Dryden.

GASP
Gasp, n.

Defn: The act of opening the mouth convulsively to catch the breath;
a labored respiration; a painful catching of the breath. At the last
gasp, at the point of death. Addison.

GASPEREAU
Gas"per*eau, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The alewife. [Local, Canada]

GASSERIAN
Gas*se"ri*an, a.

Defn: Relating to Casserio (L. Gasserius), the discover of the
Gasserian ganglion. Gasserian ganglion (Anat.), a large ganglion, at
the root of the trigeminal, or fifth cranial, nerve.

GASSING
Gas"sing, n.

1. (Manuf.)

Defn: The process of passing cotton goods between two rollers and
exposing them to numerous minute jets of gas to burn off the small
fibers; any similar process of singeing.

2. Boasting; insincere or empty talk. [Slang]

GASSY
Gas"sy, a.

Defn: Full of gas; like gas. Hence: [Colloq.] Inflated; full of
boastful or insincere talk.

GAST
Gast, v. t. Etym: [OE. gasten, g to frighten, akin to Goth.
usgaisjan. See Aghast, Ghastly, and cf. Gaze.]

Defn: To make aghast; to frighten; to terrify. See Aghast. [Obs.]
Chaucer. Shak.

GASTER
Gast"er, v. t.

Defn: To gast. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

GASTEROMYCETES
Gas`te*ro*my*ce"tes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: An order of fungi, in which the spores are borne inside a sac
called the peridium, as in the puffballs.

GASTEROPOD
Gas"ter*o*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Gastropod.

GASTEROPODA
Gas`te*rop`o*da, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Gastropoda.

GASTEROPODOUS
Gas`ter*op"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Gastropodous.

GASTFUL; GASTLY
Gast"ful, Gast"ly (, a. [Obs.]

Defn: See Ghastful, Ghastly.

GASTIGHT
Gas"tight`, a.

Defn: So tightly fitted as to preclude the escape of gas; impervious
to gas.

GASTNESS
Gast"ness, n.

Defn: See Ghastness. [Obs.]

GASTORNIS
Gas*tor"nis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gaston M. Plante, the discover + Gr.
(Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of large eocene birds from the Paris basin.

GASTRAEA
Gas*træ"a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A primeval larval form; a double-walled sac from which,
according to the hypothesis of Haeckel, man and all other animals,
that in the first stages of their individual evolution pass through a
two-layered structural stage, or gastrula form, must have descended.
This idea constitutes the Gastræa theory of Haeckel. See Gastrula.

GASTRALGIA
Gas*tral"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Pain in the stomach or epigastrium, as in gastric disorders.

GASTRIC
Gas"tric, a. Etym: [Gr. gastrique.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or situated near, the stomach; as, the
gastric artery. Gastric digestion (Physiol.), the conversion of the
albuminous portion of food in the stomach into soluble and diffusible
products by the solvent action of gastric juice.
 -- Gastric fever (Med.), a fever attended with prominent gastric
symptoms; -- a name applied to certain forms of typhoid fever; also,
to catarrhal inflammation of the stomach attended with fever.
 -- Gastric juice (Physiol.), a thin, watery fluid, with an acid
reaction, secreted by a peculiar set of glands contained in the
mucous membrane of the stomach. It consists mainly of dilute
hydrochloric acid and the ferment pepsin. It is the most important
digestive fluid in the body, but acts only on proteid foods.
 -- Gastric remittent fever (Med.), a form of remittent fever with
pronounced stomach symptoms.

GASTRILOQUIST
Gas*tril"o*quist, n. Etym: [Gr. gasth`r, gastro`s, stomach + L. loqui
to speak.]

Defn: One who appears to speak from his stomach; a ventriloquist.

GASTRILOQUOUS
Gas*tril"o*quous, a.

Defn: Ventriloquous. [R.]

GASTRILOQUY
Gas*tril"o*quy, n.

Defn: A voice or utterance which appears to proceed from the stomach;
ventriloquy.

GASTRITIS
Gas*tri"tis, n. Etym: [NL., from. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the stomach, esp. of its mucuos membrane.

GASTRO-
Gas"tro-.

Defn: A combining form from the Gr. gastrocolic, gastrocele,
gastrotomy.

GASTROCNEMIUS
Gas`troc*ne"mi*us, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The muscle which makes the greater part of the calf of the leg.

GASTROCOLIC
Gas`tro*col"ic, a. Etym: [Gastro- + colic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to both the stomach and the colon; as, the
gastrocolic, or great, omentum.

GASTRODISC
Gas`tro*disc, n. Etym: [Gastro- + disc.] (Biol.)

Defn: That part of blastoderm where the hypoblast appears like a
small disk on the inner face of the epibladst.

GASTRODUODENAL
Gas`tro*du"o*de"nal, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -duodenal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the stomach and duodenum; as, the gastroduodenal
artery.

GASTRODUODENITIS
Gas`tro*du`o*de*ni"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Gastroduodenal, and -itis.]
(Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum. It is one of the most
frequent causes of jaundice.

GASTROELYTROTOMY
Gas`tro*el`y*trot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gastro- + Gr (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of cutting into the upper part of the vagina,
through the abdomen (without opening the peritoneum), for the purpose
of removing a fetus. It is a substitute for the Cæsarean operation,
and less dangerous.

GASTROENTERIC
Gas`tro*en*te"ric, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -enteric.] (Anat. & Med.)

Defn: Gastrointestinal.

GASTROENTERITIS
Gas`tro*en`te*ri"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Gastroenrteric, and -itis.]
(Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the lining membrane of the stomach and the
intestines.

GASTROEPIPLOIC
Gas`tro*ep`i*plo"ic, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -epiploic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the stomach and omentum.

GASTROHEPATIC
Gas`tro*he*pat"ic, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -hepatic.] (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to the stomach and liver; hepatogastric; as, the
gastrohepatic, or lesser, omentum.

GASTROHYSTEROTOMY
Gas`tro*hys`ter*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gastro- + GR. to cut.] (Surg.)

Defn: Cæsarean section. See under Cæsarean.

GASTROINTESTINAL
Gas`tro*in*tes"ti*nal, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -intestinal.] (Anat. &
Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the stomach and intestines; gastroenteric.

GASTROLITH
Gas`tro*lith, n. Etym: [Gastro- + -lith.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Crab's eyes, under Crab.

GASTROLOGY
Gas*trol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr gastrologie.]

Defn: The science which treats of the structure and functions of the
stomach; a treatise of the stomach.

GASTROMALACIA
Gas`tro*ma*la"ci*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A softening of the coats of the stomach; -- usually a post-
morten change.

GASTROMANCY
Gas`tro*man"cy, n. Etym: [Gastro- + -mancy: cf. F. gastromancy.]
(Antiq.)
(a) A kind of divination, by means of words seemingly uttered from
the stomach.
(b) A species of divination, by means of glasses or other round,
transparent vessels, in the center of which figures are supposed to
appear by magic art.

GASTROMYCES
Gas`tro*my"ces, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The fungoid growths sometimes found in the stomach; such as
Torula, etc.

GASTROMYTH
Gas"tro*myth, n. Etym: [Gastro- + Gr.

Defn: One whose voice appears to proceed from the stomach; a
ventriloquist. [Obs.]

GASTRONOME; GASTRONOMER
Gas"tro*nome, Gas*tron"o*mer, n. Etym: [F. gastronome, fr. Gr.

Defn: One fond of good living; an epicure. Sir W. Scott.

GASTRONOMIC; GASTRONOMICAL
Gas`tro*nom"ic, Gas`tro*nom"ic*al (, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gastronomique.]

Defn: Pertaining to gastromony.

GASTRONOMIST
Gas*tron"o*mist, n.

Defn: A gastromomer.

GASTRONOMY
Gas*tron"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. gastronomie.]

Defn: The art or science of good eating; epicurism; the art of good
cheer.

GASTROPHRENIC
Gas`tro*phren"ic, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -phrenic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the stomach and diaphragm; as, the gastrophrenic
ligament.

GASTROPNEUMATIC
Gas`tro*pneu*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gastro- + pneumatic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the alimentary canal and air passages, and to the
cavities connected with them; as, the gastropneumatic mucuos
membranes.

GASTROPOD
Gas"tro*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Gastropoda. [Written also gasteropod.]

GASTROPODA
Gas*trop"o*da, n. pl., Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the classes of Mollusca, of great extent. It includes
most of the marine spiral shells, and the land and fresh-water
snails. They generally creep by means of a flat, muscular disk, or
foot, on the ventral side of the body. The head usually bears one or
two pairs of tentacles. See Mollusca. [Written also Gasteropoda.]

Note: The Gastropoda are divided into three subclasses; viz.: (a) The
Streptoneura or Dioecia, including the Pectinibranchiata,
Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa, and Heteropoda. (b) The Euthyneura,
including the Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia. (c) The Amphineura,
including the Polyplacophora and Aplacophora.

GASTROPODOUS
Gas*trop"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Gastropoda.

GASTRORAPHY
Gas*tror"a*phy, n. Etym: [Gr.gastrorrhaphie.] (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of sewing up wounds of the abdomen. Quincy.

GASTROSCOPE
Gas"tro*scope, n. Etym: [Gastro- + -scope.] (Med.)

Defn: An instrument for viewing or examining the interior of the
stomach.

GASTROSCOPIC
Gas`tro*scop"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to gastroscopy.

GASTROSCOPY
Gas*tros"co*py, n. (Med.)

Defn: Examination of the abdomen or stomach, as with the gastroscope.

GASTROSPLENIC
Gas`tro*splen"ic, n. Etym: [Gastro- + splenic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the stomach and spleen; as, the gastrosplenic
ligament.

GASTROSTEGE
Gas*tros"tege, n. Etym: [Gastro- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the large scales on the belly of a serpent.

GASTROSTOMY
Gas*tros"to*my, n. Etym: [Gastro- + Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of making a permanent opening into the stomach,
for the introduction of food.

GASTROTOMY
Gas*trot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gastro + Gr. gastrotomie.] (Surg.)

Defn: A cutting into, or opening of, the abdomen or the stomach.

GASTROTRICHA
Gas*trot"ri*cha, n. pl., Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of small wormlike animals, having cilia on the ventral
side. The group is regarded as an ancestral or synthetic one, related
to rotifers and annelids.

GASTROTROCHA
Gas*trot"ro*cha, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A form of annelid larva having cilia on the ventral side.

GASTROVASCULAR
Gas`tro*vas"cu*lar, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -vascular.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the structure, or performing the functions, both of
digestive and circulatory organs; as, the gastrovascular cavity of
coelenterates.

GASTRULA
Gas"tru*la, n.; pl. Gastrulæ Etym: [NL., dim. fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: An embryonic form having its origin in the invagination or
pushing in of the wall of the planula or blastula (the blastosphere)
on one side, thus giving rise to a double-walled sac, with one
opening or mouth (the blastopore) which leads into the cavity (the
archenteron) lined by the inner wall (the hypoblast). See Illust.
under Invagination. In a more general sense, an ideal stage in
embryonic development. See Gastræa.
 -- a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a gastrula.

GASTRULATION
Gas`tru*la"tion, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The process of invagination, in embryonic development, by which
a gastrula is formed.

GASTRURA
Gas*tru"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Stomatopoda.

GASTRUROUS
Gas*tru"rous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Gastrura.

GAT
Gat,

Defn: imp. of Get. [Obs.]

GATCH
Gatch, n. [Per. gach mortar.]

Defn: Plaster as used in Persian architecture and decorative art.

Gatch decoration, decoration in plaster often producing design of
great beauty. -- Gatch work, work in which gatch is employed; also,
articles of gatch ornamentation collectively.

GATE
Gate, n. Etym: [OE. et, , giat, gate, door, AS. geat, gat, gate,
door; akin to OS., D., & Icel. gat opening, hole, and perh. to E.
gate a way, gait, and get, v. Cf. Gate a way in the wall, 3d Get.]

1. A large door or passageway in the wall of a city, of an inclosed
field or place, or of a grand edifice, etc.; also, the movable
structure of timber, metal, etc., by which the passage can be closed.

2. An opening for passage in any inclosing wall, fence, or barrier;
or the suspended framework which closes or opens a passage. Also,
figuratively, a means or way of entrance or of exit.
Knowest thou the way to Dover Both stile and gate, horse way and
footpath. Shak.
Opening a gate for a long war. Knolles.

3. A door, valve, or other device, for stopping the passage of water
through a dam, lock, pipe, etc.

4. (Script.)

Defn: The places which command the entrances or access; hence, place
of vantage; power; might.
The gates of hell shall not prevail against it. Matt. xvi. 18.

5. In a lock tumbler, the opening for the stump of the bolt to pass
through or into.

6. (Founding)
(a) The channel or opening through which metal is poured into the
mold; the ingate.
(b) The waste piece of metal cast in the opening; a sprue or sullage
piece. [Written also geat and git.] Gate chamber, a recess in the
side wall of a canal lock, which receives the opened gate.
 -- Gate channel. See Gate, 5.
 -- Gate hook, the hook-formed piece of a gate hinge.
 -- Gate money, entrance money for admission to an inclosure.
 -- Gate tender, one in charge of a gate, as at a railroad crossing.
 -- Gate valva, a stop valve for a pipe, having a sliding gate which
affords a straight passageway when open.
 -- Gate vein (Anat.), the portal vein.
 -- To break gates (Eng. Univ.), to enter a college inclosure after
the hour to which a student has been restricted.
 -- To stand in the gate, or gates, to occupy places or advantage,
power, or defense.

GATE
Gate, v. t.

1. To supply with a gate.

2. (Eng. Univ.) To punish by requiring to be within the gates at an
earlier hour than usual.

GATE
Gate, n. Etym: [Icel. gata; akin to SW. gata street, lane, Dan. gade,
Goth. gatwö, G. gasse. Cf. Gate a door, Gait.]

1. A way; a path; a road; a street (as in Highgate). [O. Eng. &
Scot.]
I was going to be an honest man; but the devil has this very day
flung first a lawyer, and then a woman, in my gate. Sir W. Scott.

2. Manner; gait. [O. Eng. & Scot.]

GATED
Gat"ed, a.

Defn: Having gates. Young.

GATEHOUSE
Gate"house`, n.

Defn: A house connected or associated with a gate.

GATELESS
Gate"less, a.

Defn: Having no gate.

GATEMAN
Gate"man, n.

Defn: A gate keeper; a gate tender.

GATEPOST
Gate"post`, n.

1. A post to which a gate is hung; -- called also swinging or hinging
post.

2. A post against which a gate closes; -- called also shutting post.

GATEWAY
Gate"way`, n.

Defn: A passage through a fence or wall; a gate; also, a frame, arch,
etc., in which a gate in hung, or a structure at an entrance or gate
designed for ornament or defense.

GATEWISE
Gate"wise`, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a gate.
Three circles of stones set up gatewise. Fuller.

GATHER
Gath"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gathered; p. pr. & vb. n. Gathering.]
Etym: [OE. gaderen, AS. gaderian, gadrian, fr. gador, geador,
together, fr. gæd fellowship; akin to E. good, D. gaderen to collect,
G. gatte husband, MHG. gate, also companion, Goth. gadiliggs a
sister's son. sq. root29. See Good, and cf. Together.]

1. To bring together; to collect, as a number of separate things,
into one place, or into one aggregate body; to assemble; to muster;
to congregate.
And Belgium's capital had gathered them Her beauty and her chivalry.
Byron.
When he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the people
together. Matt. ii. 4.

2. To pick out and bring together from among what is of less value;
to collect, as a harvest; to harvest; to cull; to pick off; to pluck.
A rose just gathered from the stalk. Dryden.
Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles Matt. vii. 16.
Gather us from among the heathen. Ps. cvi. 47.

3. To accumulate by collecting and saving little by little; to amass;
to gain; to heap up.
He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he shall
gather it for him that will pity the poor. Prov. xxviii. 8.
To pay the creditor . . . he must gather up money by degrees. Locke.

4. To bring closely together the parts or particles of; to contract;
to compress; to bring together in folds or plaits, as a garment;
also, to draw together, as a piece of cloth by a thread; to pucker;
to plait; as, to gather a ruffle.
Gathering his flowing robe, he seemed to stand In act to speak, and
graceful stretched his hand. Pope.

5. To derive, or deduce, as an inference; to collect, as a
conclusion, from circumstances that suggest, or arguments that prove;
to infer; to conclude.
Let me say no moreGather the sequel by that went before. Shak.

6. To gain; to win. [Obs.]
He gathers ground upon her in the chase. Dryden.

7. (Arch.)

Defn: To bring together, or nearer together, in masonry, as where the
width of a fireplace is rapidly diminished to the width of the flue,
or the like.

8. (Naut.)

Defn: To haul in; to take up; as, to gather the slack of a rope. To
be gathered to one's people, or to one's fathers to die. Gen. xxv. 8.
 -- To gather breath, to recover normal breathing after being out of
breath; to get breath; to rest. Spenser.
 -- To gather one's self together, to collect and dispose one's
powers for a great effort, as a beast crouches preparatory to a leap.
 -- To gather way (Naut.), to begin to move; to move with increasing
speed.

GATHER
Gath"er, v. i.

1. To come together; to collect; to unite; to become assembled; to
congregate.
When small humors gather to a gout. Pope.
Tears from the depth of some divine despair Rise in the heart, and
gather to the eyes. Tennyson.

2. To grow larger by accretion; to increase.
Their snowball did not gather as it went. Bacon.

3. To concentrate; to come to a head, as a sore, and generate pus;
as, a boil has gathered.

4. To collect or bring things together.
Thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and gather where I have
not strewed. Matt. xxv. 26.

GATHER
Gath"er, n.

1. A plait or fold in cloth, made by drawing a thread through it; a
pucker.

2. (Carriage Making)

Defn: The inclination forward of the axle journals to keep the wheels
from working outward.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: The soffit or under surface of the masonry required in
gathering. See Gather, v. t., 7.

GATHERABLE
Gath"er*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being gathered or collected; deducible from
premises. [R.] Godwin.

GATHERER
Gath"er*er, n.

1. One who gathers or collects.

2. (Sewing Machine)

Defn: An attachment for making gathers in the cloth.

GATHERING
Gath"er*ing, n.

1. The act of collecting or bringing together.

2. That which is gathered, collected, or brought together; as:
(a) A crowd; an assembly; a congregation.
(b) A charitable contribution; a collection.
(c) A tumor or boil suppurated or maturated; an abscess.

GATHERING
Gath"er*ing, a.

Defn: Assembling; collecting; used for gathering or concentrating.
Gathering board (Bookbinding), a table or board on which signatures
are gathered or assembled, to form a book. Knight.
 -- Gathering coal, a lighted coal left smothered in embers over
night, about which kindling wood is gathered in the morning.
 -- Gathering hoop, a hoop used by coopers to draw together the ends
of barrel staves, to allow the hoops to be slipped over them.
 -- Gathering peat. (a) A piece of peat used as a gathering coal, to
preserve a fire. (b) In Scotland, a fiery peat which was sent round
by the Borderers as an alarm signal, as the fiery cross was by the
Highlanders.

GATLING GUN
Gat"ling gun` (. Etym: [From the inventor, R.J. Gatling.]

Defn: An American machine gun, consisting of a cluster of barrels
which, being revolved by a crank, are automatically loaded and fired.

Note: The improved Gatling gun can be fired at the rate of 1,200
shots per minute. Farrow.

GATTEN TREE
Gat"ten tree`. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. gatter bush.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to the small trees called guelder-rose (Viburnum
Opulus), cornel (Cornus sanguinea), and spindle tree (Euonymus
Europæus).

GAT-TOOTHED
Gat"-toothed`, a. Etym: [OE. gat goat + tooth. See Goat the animal.]

Defn: Goat-toothed; having a lickerish tooth; lustful; wanton. [Obs.]

GAUCHE
Gauche, n. Etym: [F.]

1. Left handed; hence, awkward; clumsy.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: Winding; twisted; warped; -- applied to curves and surfaces.

GAUCHERIE
Gauche`rie", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An awkward action; clumsiness; boorishness.

GAUCHO
Gau"cho, n., pl. Gauchos ( Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: On of the native inhabitants of the pampas, of Spanish-American
descent. They live mostly by rearing cattle.

GAUD
Gaud, n. Etym: [OE. gaude jest, trick, gaudi bead of a rosary, fr. L.
gaudium joy, gladness. See Joy.]

1. Trick; jest; sport. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Deceit; fraud; artifice; device. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. An ornament; a piece of worthless finery; a trinket. "An idle
gaud." Shak.

GAUD
Gaud, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. se gaudir to rejoice, fr. L. gaudere. See
Gaud, n.]

Defn: To sport or keep festival. [Obs.] "Gauding with his familiars.
" [Obs.] Sir T. North.

GAUD
Gaud, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gauded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gauding.]

Defn: To bedeck gaudily; to decorate with gauds or showy trinkets or
colors; to paint. [Obs.] "Nicely gauded cheeks." Shak.

GAUD-DAY
Gaud"-day`, n.

Defn: See Gaudy, a feast.

GAUDERY
Gaud"er*y, n.

Defn: Finery; ornaments; ostentatious display. [R.] "Tarnished
gaudery." Dryden.

GAUDFUL
Gaud"ful, a.

Defn: Joyful; showy. [Obs.]

GAUDILY
Gaud"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a gaudy manner. Guthrie.

GAUDINESS
Gaud"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being gaudy. Whitlock.

GAUDISH
Gaud"ish, a.

Defn: Gaudy. "Gaudish ceremonies." Bale.

GAUDLESS
Gaud"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of ornament. [R.]

GAUDY
Gaud"y, a. [Compar. Gaudier; superl. Gauidiest.]

1. Ostentatiously fine; showy; gay, but tawdry or meretricious.
Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy, But not expressed in fancy;
rich, not gaudy. Shak.

2. Gay; merry; festal. Tennyson.
Let's have one other gaudy night. Shak.

GAUDY
Gaud"y, n.; pl. Gaudies Etym: [See Gaud, n.]

Defn: One of the large beads in the rosary at which the paternoster
is recited. [Obs.] Gower.

GAUDY
Gaud"y, n.

Defn: A feast or festival; -- called also gaud-day and gaudy day.
[Oxford Univ.] Conybeare.

GAUDYGREEN
Gaud"y*green`, a. or n. Etym: [OE. gaude grene.]

Defn: Light green. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

GAUFFER
Gauf"fer, v. t. Etym: [F. gaufrer to figure cloth, velvet, and other
stuffs, fr. gaufre honeycomb, waffle; of German origin. See Waffle,
Wafer, and cf. Goffer, Gopher an animal.]

Defn: To plait, crimp, or flute; to goffer, as lace. See Goffer.

GAUFFERING
Gauf"fer*ing, n.

Defn: A mode of plaiting or fluting. Gauffering iron, a kind of
fluting iron for fabrics.
 -- Gauffering press (Flower Manuf.), a press for crimping the leaves
and petals into shape.

GAUFFRE
Gauf"fre, n. Etym: [See Gopher.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gopher, esp. the pocket gopher.

GAUGE
Gauge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gauged; p. pr. & vb. n. Gauging] Etym:
[OF. gaugier, F. jauger, cf. OF. gauge gauge, measuring rod, F.
jauge; of uncertain origin; perh. fr. an assumed L. qualificare to
determine the qualities of a thing (see Qualify); but cf. also F.
jalon a measuring stake in surveying, and E. gallon.] [Written also
gage.]

1. To measure or determine with a gauge.

2. To measure or to ascertain the contents or the capacity of, as of
a pipe, barrel, or keg.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: To measure the dimensions of, or to test the accuracy of the
form of, as of a part of a gunlock.
The vanes nicely gauged on each side. Derham.

4. To draw into equidistant gathers by running a thread through it,
as cloth or a garment.

5. To measure the capacity, character, or ability of; to estimate; to
judge of.
You shall not gauge me By what we do to-night. Shak.

GAUGE
Gauge, n. Etym: [Written also gage.]

1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine
dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard.
This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and groove to equal
breadth by. Moxon.
There is not in our hands any fixed gauge of minds. I. Taylor.

2. Measure; dimensions; estimate.
The gauge and dimensions of misery, depression, and contempt. Burke.

3. (Mach. & Manuf.)

Defn: Any instrument for ascertaining or regulating the dimensions or
forms of things; a templet or template; as, a button maker's gauge.

4. (Physics)

Defn: Any instrument or apparatus for measuring the state of a
phenomenon, or for ascertaining its numerical elements at any moment;
-- usually applied to some particular instrument; as, a rain gauge; a
steam gauge.

5. (Naut.)
(a) Relative positions of two or more vessels with reference to the
wind; as, a vessel has the weather gauge of another when on the
windward side of it, and the lee gauge when on the lee side of it.
(b) The depth to which a vessel sinks in the water. Totten.

6. The distance between the rails of a railway.

Note: The standard gauge of railroads in most countries is four feet,
eight and one half inches. Wide, or broad, gauge, in the United
States, is six feet; in England, seven feet, and generally any gauge
exceeding standard gauge. Any gauge less than standard gauge is now
called narrow gauge. It varies from two feet to three feet six
inches.

7. (Plastering)

Defn: The quantity of plaster of Paris used with common plaster to
accelerate its setting.

8. (Building)

Defn: That part of a shingle, slate, or tile, which is exposed to the
weather, when laid; also, one course of such shingles, slates, or
tiles. Gauge of a carriage, car, etc., the distance between the
wheels; -- ordinarily called the track.
 -- Gauge cock, a stop cock used as a try cock for ascertaining the
height of the water level in a steam boiler.
 -- Gauge concussion (Railroads), the jar caused by a car-wheel
flange striking the edge of the rail.
 -- Gauge glass, a glass tube for a water gauge.
 -- Gauge lathe, an automatic lathe for turning a round object having
an irregular profile, as a baluster or chair round, to a templet or
gauge.
 -- Gauge point, the diameter of a cylinder whose altitude is one
inch, and contents equal to that of a unit of a given measure; -- a
term used in gauging casks, etc.
 -- Gauge rod, a graduated rod, for measuring the capacity of
barrels, casks, etc.
 -- Gauge saw, a handsaw, with a gauge to regulate the depth of cut.
Knight.
 -- Gauge stuff, a stiff and compact plaster, used in making
cornices, moldings, etc., by means of a templet.
 -- Gauge wheel, a wheel at the forward end of a plow beam, to
determine the depth of the furrow.
 -- Joiner's gauge, an instrument used to strike a line parallel to
the straight side of a board, etc.
 -- Printer's gauge, an instrument to regulate the length of the
page.
 -- Rain gauge, an instrument for measuring the quantity of rain at
any given place.
 -- Salt gauge, or Brine gauge, an instrument or contrivance for
indicating the degree of saltness of water from its specific gravity,
as in the boilers of ocean steamers.
 -- Sea gauge, an instrument for finding the depth of the sea.
 -- Siphon gauge, a glass siphon tube, partly filled with mercury, --
used to indicate pressure, as of steam, or the degree of rarefaction
produced in the receiver of an air pump or other vacuum; a manometer.
 -- Sliding gauge. (Mach.) (a) A templet or pattern for gauging the
commonly accepted dimensions or shape of certain parts in general
use, as screws, railway-car axles, etc. (b) A gauge used only for
testing other similar gauges, and preserved as a reference, to detect
wear of the working gauges. (c) (Railroads) See Note under Gauge, n.,
5.
 -- Star gauge (Ordnance), an instrument for measuring the diameter
of the bore of a cannon at any point of its length.
 -- Steam gauge, an instrument for measuring the pressure of steam,
as in a boiler.
 -- Tide gauge, an instrument for determining the height of the
tides.
 -- Vacuum gauge, a species of barometer for determining the relative
elasticities of the vapor in the condenser of a steam engine and the
air.
 -- Water gauge. (a) A contrivance for indicating the height of a
water surface, as in a steam boiler; as by a gauge cock or glass. (b)
The height of the water in the boiler.
 -- Wind gauge, an instrument for measuring the force of the wind on
any given surface; an anemometer.
 -- Wire gauge, a gauge for determining the diameter of wire or the
thickness of sheet metal; also, a standard of size. See under Wire.

GAUGEABLE
Gauge"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being gauged.

GAUGED
Gauged, p. a.

Defn: Tested or measured by, or conformed to, a gauge. Gauged brick,
brick molded, rubbed, or cut to an exact size and shape, for arches
or ornamental work.
 -- Gauged mortar. See Gauge stuff, under Gauge, n.

GAUGER
Gau"ger, n.

Defn: One who gauges; an officer whose business it is to ascertain
the contents of casks.

GAUGER-SHIP
Gau"ger-ship, n.

Defn: The office of a gauger.

GAUGING ROD
Gau"ging rod`.

Defn: See Gauge rod, under Gauge, n.

GAUL
Gaul, n. Etym: [F. Gaule, fr. L. Gallia, fr. Gallus a Gaul.]

1. The Anglicized form of Gallia, which in the time of the Romans
included France and Upper Italy (Transalpine and Cisalpine Gaul).

2. A native or inhabitant of Gaul.

GAULISH
Gaul"ish, a.

Defn: Pertaining to ancient France, or Gaul; Gallic. [R.]

GAULT
Gault, n. Etym: [Cf. Norw. gald hard ground, Icel. gald hard snow.]
(Geol.)

Defn: A series of beds of clay and marl in the South of England,
between the upper and lower greensand of the Cretaceous period.

GAULTHERIA
Gaul*the"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of ericaceous shrubs with evergreen foliage, and,
often, edible berries. It includes the American winter-green
(Gaultheria procumbens), and the larger-fruited salal of Northwestern
America (Gaultheria Shallon).

GAUNT
Gaunt, a. Etym: [Cf. Norw. gand a thin pointed stick, a tall and thin
man, and W. gwan weak.]

Defn: Attenuated, as with fasting or suffering; lean; meager; pinched
and grim. "The gaunt mastiff." Pope.
A mysterious but visible pestilence, striding gaunt and fleshless
across our land. Nichols.

GAUNTLET
Gaunt"let, n. (Mil.)

Defn: See Gantlet.

GAUNTLET
Gaunt"let, n. Etym: [F. gantelet, dim. of gant glove, LL. wantus, of
Teutonic origin; cf. D. want, Sw. & Dan. vante, Icel. vöttr, for
vantr.]

1. A glove of such material that it defends the hand from wounds.

Note: The gauntlet of the Middle Ages was sometimes of chain mail,
sometimes of leather partly covered with plates, scales, etc., of
metal sewed to it, and, in the 14th century, became a glove of small
steel plates, carefully articulated and covering the whole hand
except the palm and the inside of the fingers.

2. A long glove, covering the wrist.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope on which hammocks or clothes are hung for drying. To
take up the gauntlet, to accept a challenge.
 -- To throw down the gauntlet, to offer or send a challenge. The
gauntlet or glove was thrown down by the knight challenging, and was
taken up by the one who accepted the challenge; -- hence the phrases.

GAUNTLETTED
Gaunt"lett*ed, a.

Defn: Wearing a gauntlet.

GAUNTLY
Gaunt"ly, adv.

Defn: In a gaunt manner; meagerly.

GAUNTREE; GAUNTRY
Gaun"tree, Gaun"try, n. Etym: [F. chantier, LL. cantarium, fr. L.
canterius trellis, sort of frame.]

1. A frame for supporting barrels in a cellar or elsewhere. Sir W.
Scott.

2. (Engin.)

Defn: A scaffolding or frame carrying a crane or other structure.
Knight.

GAUR
Gaur, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian species of wild cattle (Bibos gauris), of large
size and an untamable disposition. [Spelt also gour.]

GAURE
Gaure, v. i.

Defn: To gaze; to stare. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GAUSS
Gauss (gous), n. [So named after Karl F. Gauss, a German
mathematician.] (Elec.)

Defn: The C.G.S. unit of density of magnetic field, equal to a field
of one line of force per square centimeter, being thus adopted as an
international unit at Paris in 1900; sometimes used as a unit of
intensity of magnetic field. It was previously suggested as a unit of
magnetomotive force.

GAUSSAGE
Gauss"age, n. (Elec.)

Defn: The intensity of a magnetic field expressed in C.G.S. units, or
gausses.

GAUZE
Gauze, n. Etym: [F. gaze; so called because it was first introduced
from Gaza, a city of Palestine.]

Defn: A very thin, slight, transparent stuff, generally of silk;
also, any fabric resembling silk gauze; as, wire gauze; cotton gauze.
Gauze dresser, one employed in stiffening gauze.

GAUZE
Gauze, a.

Defn: Having the qualities of gauze; thin; light; as, gauze merino
underclothing.

GAUZINESS
Gauz"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being gauzy; flimsiness. Ruskin.

GAUZY
Gauz"y, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, gauze; thin and slight as gauze.

GAVAGE
Ga`vage" (ga`vazh"), n. [F., fr. gaver to gorge.]

Defn: Forced feeding (as of poultry or infants) by means of a tube
passed through the mouth down to the stomach.

GAVE
Gave,

Defn: imp. of Give.

GAVEL
Gav"el, n.

Defn: A gable. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

GAVEL
Gav"el, n. Etym: [OF. gavelle, F. javelle, prob. dim. from L. capulus
handle, fr. capere to lay hold of, seize; or cf. W. gafael hold,
grasp. Cf. Heave.]

Defn: A small heap of grain, not tied up into a bundle. Wright.

GAVEL
Gav"el, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

1. The mallet of the presiding officer in a legislative body, public
assembly, court, masonic body, etc.

2. A mason's setting maul. Knight.

GAVEL
Gav"el, n. Etym: [OF. gavel, AS. gafol, prob. fr. gifan to give. See
Give, and cf. Gabel tribute.] (Law)

Defn: Tribute; toll; custom. [Obs.] See Gabel. Cowell.

GAVELET
Gav"el*et, n. Etym: [From Gavel tribute.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: An ancient special kind of cessavit used in Kent and London for
the recovery of rent. [Obs.]

GAVELKIND
Gav"el*kind`, n. Etym: [OE. gavelkynde, gavelkende. See Gavel
tribute, and Kind, n.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A tenure by which land descended from the father to all his
sons in equal portions, and the land of a brother, dying without
issue, descended equally to his brothers. It still prevails in the
county of Kent. Cowell.

GAVELOCHE
Gav"e*loche, n.

Defn: Same as Gavelock.

GAVELOCK
Gav"e*lock, n. Etym: [OE. gaveloc a dart, AS. gafeluc; cf. Icel.
gaflok, MHG. gabil, OF. gavelot, glavelot, F. javelot, Ir. gabhla
spear, W. gaflach fork, dart, E. glave, gaff]

1. A spear or dart. [R. & Obs.]

2. An iron crow or lever. [Scot. & North of Eng.]

GAVERICK
Ga"ver*ick, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European red gurnard (Trigla cuculus). [Prov. Eng.]

GAVIAE
Ga"viæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. gavia a sea mew.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of birds which includes the gulls and terns.

GAVIAL
Ga"vi*al, n. Etym: [Hind. ghariu: cf. F. gavial.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large Asiatic crocodilian (Gavialis Gangeticus); -- called
also nako, and Gangetic crocodile.

Note: The gavial has a long, slender muzzle, teeth of nearly uniform
size, and feet completely webbed. It inhabits the Ganges and other
rivers of India. The name is also applied to several allied fossil
species.

GAVOT
Gav"ot ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [F. gavotte, fr. Gavots, a people
inhabiting a mountainous district in France, called Gap.] (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of difficult dance; a dance tune, the air of which has
two brisk and lively, yet dignified, strains in common time, each
played twice over. [Written also gavotte.]

GAWBY
Gaw"by, n.

Defn: A baby; a dunce. [Prov. Eng.]

GAWK
Gawk, n. Etym: [OE. gok, gowk, cuckoo, fool, Icel. gaukr cuckoo; akin
to OHG. gouh, G. gauch cuckoo, fool, AS. géac cuckoo, Sw. gök, Dan.
giög]

1. A cuckoo. Johnson.

2. A simpleton; a booby; a gawky. Carlyle.

GAWK
Gawk, v. i.

Defn: To act like a gawky.

GAWKY
Gawk"y, a. [Compar. Gawkier; superl. Gawkiest.]

Defn: Foolish and awkward; clumsy; clownish; as, gawky behavior.
 -- n. A fellow who is awkward from being overgrown, or from
stupidity, a gawk.

GAWN
Gawn, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. gallon.]

Defn: A small tub or lading vessel. [Prov. Eng.] Johnson.

GAWNTREE
Gawn"tree, n.

Defn: See Gauntree.

GAY
Gay, a. [Compar. Gayer; superl. Gayest.] Etym: [F. gai, perhaps fr.
OHG. g swift, rapid, G. gäh, jäh, steep, hasty; or cf. OHG. w
beatiful, good. Cf. Jay.]

1. Excited with merriment; manifesting sportiveness or delight;
inspiring delight; livery; merry.
Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay. Pope.
Gay hope is theirs by fancy fed. Gray.

2. Brilliant in colors; splendid; fine; richly dressed.
Why is my neighbor's wife so gay Chaucer.
A bevy of fair women, richly gay In gems and wanton dressMilton.

3. Loose; dissipated; lewd. [Colloq.]

Syn.
 -- Merry; gleeful; blithe; airy; lively; sprightly, sportive; light-
hearted; frolicsome; jolly; jovial; joyous; joyful; glad; showy;
splendid; vivacious.

GAY
Gay, n.

Defn: An ornament [Obs.] L'Estrange.

GAYAL
Gay"al, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Southern Asiatic species of wild cattle (Bibos frontalis).

GAYDIANG
Gay"di*ang, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel of Anam, with two or three masts, lofty triangular
sails, and in construction somewhat resembling a Chinese junk.

GAYETY
Gay"e*ty, n.; pl. Gayeties (. [Written also gaiety.] Etym: [F.
gaieté. See Gay, a.]

1. The state of being gay; merriment; mirth; acts or entertainments
prompted by, or inspiring, merry delight; -- used often in the
plural; as, the gayeties of the season.

2. Finery; show; as, the gayety of dress.

Syn.
 -- Liveliness; mirth; animation; vivacity; glee; blithesomeness;
sprightliness; jollity. See Liveliness.

GAYLEY PROCESS
Gay"ley proc"ess. (Med.)

Defn: The process of removing moisture from the blast of an iron
blast furnace by reducing its temperature so far that it will not
remain suspended as vapor in the blast current, but will be deposited
as snow in the cooling apparatus. The resultant uniformly dehydrated
blast effects great economy in fuel consumption, and promotes
regularity of furnace operation, and certainty of furnace control.

GAYLUSSITE
Gay"lus*site`, n. Etym: [Named after Gay-Lussac, the French chemist.]
(Min.)

Defn: A yellowish white, translucent mineral, consisting of the
carbonates of lime and soda, with water.

GAYLY
Gay"ly, adv.

1. With mirth and frolic; merrily; blithely; gleefully.

2. Finely; splendidly; showily; as, ladies gayly dressed; a flower
gayly blooming. Pope.

GAYNE
Gayne, v. i. Etym: [See Gain.]

Defn: To avail. [Obs.]

GAYNESS
Gay"ness, n.

Defn: Gayety; finery. [R.]

GAYSOME
Gay"some, a.

Defn: Full of gayety. Mir. for Mag.

GAYTRE
Gay"tre, n. Etym: [See Gaitre.]

Defn: The dogwood tree. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GAZE
Gaze, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gazed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gazing.] Etym: [OE.
gasen, akin to dial. Sw. gasa, cf. Goth. us-gaisjan to terrify, us-
geisnan to be terrified. Cf. Aghast, Ghastly, Ghost, Hesitate.]

Defn: To fixx the eyes in a steady and earnest look; to look with
eagerness or curiosity, as in admiration, astonishment, or with
studious attention.
Why stand ye gazing up into heaven Acts i. 11.

Syn.
 -- To gape; stare; look.
 -- To Gaze, Gape, Stare. To gaze is to look with fixed and prolonged
attention, awakened by excited interest or elevated emotion; to gape
is to look fixedly, with open mouth and feelings of ignorant wonder;
to stare is to look with the fixedness of insolence or of idiocy. The
lover of nature gazes with delight on the beauties of the landscape;
the rustic gapes with wonder at the strange sights of a large city;
the idiot stares on those around with a vacant look.

GAZE
Gaze, v. t.

Defn: To view with attention; to gaze on . [R.]
And gazed a while the ample sky. Milton.

GAZE
Gaze, n.

1. A fixed look; a look of eagerness, wonder, or admiration; a
continued look of attention.
With secret gaze Or open admiration him behold. Milton.

2. The object gazed on.
Made of my enemies the scorn and gaze. Milton.
At gaze (a) (Her.) With the face turned directly to the front; --
said of the figures of the stag, hart, buck, or hind, when borne, in
this position, upon an escutcheon. (b) In a position expressing
sudden fear or surprise; -- a term used in stag hunting to describe
the manner of a stag when he first hears the hounds and gazes round
in apprehension of some hidden danger; hence, standing agape; idly or
stupidly gazing.
I that rather held it better men should perish one by one, Than that
earth should stand at gaze like Joshua's moon in Ajalon! Tennyson.

GAZEEBO
Ga*zee"bo, n. Etym: [Humorously formed from gaze.]

Defn: A summerhouse so situated as to command an extensive prospect.
[Colloq.]

GAZEFUL
Gaze"ful, a.

Defn: Gazing. [R.] Spenser.

GAZEHOUND
Gaze"hound`, n.

Defn: A hound that pursues by the sight rather than by the scent. Sir
W. Scott.

GAZEL
Ga"zel, n.

Defn: The black currant; also, the wild plum. [Prov. Eng.]

GAZEL
Ga*zel", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Gazelle.

GAZELLE
Ga*zelle", n. Etym: [F. gazelle, OF. also, gazel; cf. Sp. gacela, Pr.
gazella, It. gazella; all fr. Ar. ghaz a wild goat.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several small, swift, elegantly formed species of
antelope, of the genus Gazella, esp. G. dorcas; -- called also
algazel, corinne, korin, and kevel. The gazelles are celebrated for
the luster and soft expression of their eyes. [Written also gazel.]

Note: The common species of Northern Africa (Gazella dorcas); the
Arabian gazelle, or ariel (G. Arabica); the mohr of West Africa (G.
mohr); the Indian (G. Bennetti); the ahu or Persian (G.
subgutturosa); and the springbok or tsebe (G. euchore) of South
Africa, are the best known.

GAZEMENT
Gaze"ment, n.

Defn: View. [Obs.] Spenser.

GAZER
Gaz"er, n.

Defn: One who gazes.

GAZET
Ga*zet, n. Etym: [It.. gazeta, gazzetta, prob. dim. of L. gaza royal
treasure.]

Defn: A Venetian coin, worth about three English farthings, or one
and a half cents. [Obs.]

GAZETTE
Ga*zette", n. Etym: [F. gazette, It. gazzetta, perh. from gazetta a
Venetian coin (see Gazet), said to have been the price of the first
newspaper published at Venice; or perh. dim. of gazza magpie, a name
perh. applied to the first newspaper; cf. OHG. agalstra magpie, G.
elster.]

Defn: A newspaper; a printed sheet published periodically; esp., the
official journal published by the British government, and containing
legal and state notices.

GAZETTE
Ga*zette", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gazetted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gazetting.]

Defn: To announce or publish in a gazette; to announce officially, as
an appointment, or a case of bankruptcy.

GAZETTEER
Gaz`et*teer", n. Etym: [Cf. F. gazetier.]

1. A writer of news, or an officer appointed to publish news by
authority. Johnson.

2. A newspaper; a gazette. [Obs.] Burke.

3. A geographical dictionary; a book giving the names and
descriptions, etc., of many places.

4. An alphabetical descriptive list of anything.

GAZINGSTOCK
Gaz"ing*stock`, n.

Defn: A person or thing gazed at with scorn or abhorrence; an object
of curiosity or contempt. Bp. Hall.

GAZOGENE
Gaz"o*gene, n. Etym: [F. gazogène; gaz gas + -gène, E. -gen.]

Defn: A portable apparatus for making soda water or aërated liquids
on a small scale. Knight.

GAZON
Ga*zon", n. Etym: [F. gazon turf, fr. OHG. waso, G. wasen.] (Fort.)

Defn: One of the pieces of sod used to line or cover parapets and the
faces of earthworks.

GE-
Ge-.

Defn: An Anglo-Saxon prefix. See Y-.

GEAL
Geal, v. i. Etym: [F. geler, fr. L. gelare, fr. gelu. See Gelid.]

Defn: To congeal. [Obs. or Scot.]

GEAN
Gean, n. Etym: [F. guigne the fruit of the gean; cf. OHG. wihsila, G.
weichsel.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of cherry tree common in Europe (Prunus avium); also,
the fruit, which is usually small and dark in color.

GEANTICLINAL
Ge`an*ti*cli"nal, n. Etym: [Gr. anticlinal.] (Geol.)

Defn: An upward bend or flexure of a considerable portion of the
earth's crust, resulting in the formation of a class of mountain
elevations called anticlinoria; -- opposed to geosynclinal.

GEAR
Gear, n. Etym: [OE. gere, ger, AS. gearwe clothing, adornment, armor,
fr. gearo, gearu, ready, yare; akin to OHG. garawi, garwi ornament,
dress. See Yare, and cf. Garb dress.]

1. Clothing; garments; ornaments.
Array thyself in thy most gorgeous gear. Spenser.

2. Goods; property; household stuff. Chaucer.
Homely gear and common ware. Robynson (More's Utopia)

3. Whatever is prepared for use or wear; manufactured stuff or
material.
Clad in a vesture of unknown gear. Spenser.

4. The harness of horses or cattle; trapping.

5. Warlike accouterments. [Scot.] Jamieson.

6. Manner; custom; behavior. [Obs.] Chaucer.

7. Business matters; affairs; concern. [Obs.]
Thus go they both together to their gear. Spenser.

8. (Mech.)
(a) A toothed wheel, or cogwheel; as, a spur gear, or a bevel gear;
also, toothed wheels, collectively.
(b) An apparatus for performing a special function; gearing; as, the
feed gear of a lathe.
(c) Engagement of parts with each other; as, in gear; out of gear.

9. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: See 1st Jeer (b).

10. Anything worthless; stuff; nonsense; rubbish. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.] Wright.
That servant of his that confessed and uttered this gear was an
honest man. Latimer.
Bever gear. See Bevel gear.
 -- Core gear, a mortise gear, or its skeleton. See Mortise wheel,
under Mortise.
 -- Expansion gear (Steam Engine), the arrangement of parts for
cutting off steam at a certain part of the stroke, so as to leave it
to act upon the piston expansively; the cut-off. See under Expansion.
 -- Feed gear. See Feed motion, under Feed, n.
 -- Gear cutter, a machine or tool for forming the teeth of gear
wheels by cutting.
 -- Gear wheel, any cogwheel.
 -- Running gear. See under Running.
 -- To throw in, or out of, gear (Mach.), to connect or disconnect
(wheelwork or couplings, etc.); to put in, or out of, working
relation.

GEAR
Gear v. t. [imp. & p. p. Geared; p. pr. & vb. n. Gearing.]

1. To dress; to put gear on; to harness.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: To provide with gearing. Double geared, driven through twofold
compound gearing, to increase the force or speed; -- said of a
machine.

GEAR
Gear, v. i. (Mach.)

Defn: To be in, or come into, gear.

GEARING
Gear"ing, n.

1. Harness.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: The parts by which motion imparted to one portion of an engine
or machine is transmitted to another, considered collectively; as,
the valve gearing of locomotive engine; belt gearing; esp., a train
of wheels for transmitting and varying motion in machinery.
Frictional gearing. See under Frictional.
 -- Gearing chain, an endless chain transmitted motion from one
sprocket wheel to another. See Illust. of Chain wheel.
 -- Spur gearing, gearing in which the teeth or cogs are ranged round
either the concave or the convex surface (properly the latter) of a
cylindrical wheel; -- for transmitting motion between parallel
shafts, etc.

GEASON
Gea"son, a. Etym: [OE. gesen, geson, rare, scanty, AS. g barren,
wanting. Cf. Geest.]

Defn: Rare; wonderful. [Obs.] Spenser.

GEAT
Geat, n. Etym: [See Gate a door.] (Founding)

Defn: The channel or spout through which molten metal runs into a
mold in casting. [Written also git, gate.]

GECARCINIAN
Ge`car*cin"i*an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A land crab of the genus Gecarcinus, or of allied genera.

GECK
Geck, n. Etym: [D. gek fool, fop; akin to G. geck; cf. Icel. gikkr a
pert, rude person.]

1. Scorn, derision, or contempt. [Prov. Eng.]

2. An object of scorn; a dupe; a gull. [Obs.]
To become the geck and scorn O'the other's villainy. Shak.

GECK
Geck, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OD. ghecken, G. gecken. See Geck, n.]

1. To deride; to scorn; to mock. [Prov. Eng.]

2. To cheat; trick, or gull. [Obs.] Johnson.

GECK
Geck, v. i.

Defn: To jeer; to show contempt. Sir W. Scott.

GECKO
Geck"o, n.; pl. Geckoes. Etym: [Cf. F. & G. gecko; -- so called from
the sound which the animal utters.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any lizard of the family Geckonidæ. The geckoes are small,
carnivorous, mostly nocturnal animals with large eyes and vertical,
elliptical pupils. Their toes are generally expanded, and furnished
with adhesive disks, by which they can run over walls and ceilings.
They are numerous in warm countries, and a few species are found in
Europe and the United States. See Wall gecko, Fanfoot.

GECKOTIAN
Geck*o"tian, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gecko.

GED; GEDD
Ged, Gedd (, n.

Defn: The European pike.

GEE
Gee, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geed; p. pr. & vb. n. Geeing.]

1. To agree; to harmonize. [Colloq. or Prov. Eng.] Forby.

2. Etym: [Cf. G. jü, interj., used in calling to a horse, It. giò, F.
dia, used to turn a horse to the left.]

Defn: To turn to the off side, or from the driver (i.e., in the
United States, to the right side); -- said of cattle, or a team; used
most frequently in the imperative, often with off, by drivers of
oxen, in directing their teams, and opposed to haw, or hoi. [Written
also jee.]

Note: In England, the teamster walks on the right-hand side of the
cattle; in the United States, on the left-hand side. In all cases,
however, gee means to turn from the driver, and haw to turn toward
him. Gee ho, or Gee whoa. Same as Gee.

GEE
Gee, v. t. Etym: [See Gee to turn.]

Defn: To cause (a team) to turn to the off side, or from the driver.
[Written also jee.]

GEER; GEERING
Geer, Geer"ing. [Obs.]

Defn: See Gear, Gearing.

GEESE
Geese, n.,

Defn: pl. of Goose.

GEEST
Geest, n. Etym: [Cf. LG. geest, geestland, sandy, dry and, OFries.
gest, gast, gestlond, gastlond, fr. Fries. gast barren. Cf. Geason.]

Defn: Alluvial matter on the surface of land, not of recent origin.
R. Jameson.

GEET
Geet, n. Etym: [See Jet.]

Defn: Jet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GEEZ
Geez, n.

Defn: The original native name for the ancient Ethiopic language or
people. See Ethiopic.

GEEZER
Gee"zer, n. [Dial. corrupt. of Guiser a mummer.]

Defn: A queer old fellow; an old chap; an old woman. [Contemptuous,
Slang or Dial.]

GEHENNA
Ge*hen"na, n. Etym: [L. Gehenna, Gr. G.] (Jewish Hist.)

Defn: The valley of Hinnom, near Jerusalem, where some of the
Israelites sacrificed their children to Moloch, which, on this
account, was afterward regarded as a place of abomination, and made a
receptacle for all the refuse of the city, perpetual fires being kept
up in order to prevent pestilential effluvia. In the New Testament
the name is transferred, by an easy metaphor, to Hell.
The pleasant valley of Hinnom. Tophet thence And black Gehenna
called, the type of Hell. Milton.

GEIC
Ge"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, earthy or vegetable mold. Geic
acid. (Chem.) See Humin.

GEIN
Ge"in, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: See Humin.

GEISHA
Gei"sha (ga"sha), n.; pl. Geisha (-sha), Geishas (-shaz). [Jap.]

Defn: A Japanese singing and dancing girl.

GEISSLER TUBE
Geis"sler tube`. (Elec.)

Defn: A glass tube provided with platinum electrodes, and containing
some gas under very low tension, which becomes luminous when an
electrical discharge is passed through it; -- so called from the name
of a noted maker in germany. It is called also Plücker tube, from the
German physicist who devised it.

GEITONOGAMY
Gei"to*nog"a*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Fertilization of flowers by pollen from other flowers on the
same plant.

GELABLE
Gel"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. gelare to congeal: cf. F. gelable. See Geal.]

Defn: Capable of being congealed; capable of being converted into
jelly.

GELADA
Gel"a*da, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A baboon (Gelada Ruppelli) of Abyssinia, remarkable for the
length of the hair on the neck and shoulders of the adult male.

GELASTIC
Ge*las"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to laughter; used in laughing. "Gelastic muscles."
Sir T. Browne.

GELATIFICATION
Ge*lat"i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Gelatin + L. -ficare. (in comp.) to
make. See -fy.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The formation of gelatin.

GELATIGENOUS
Gel`a*tig"e*nous, n. Etym: [Gelatin + -genous.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Producing, or yielding, gelatin; gelatiniferous; as, the
gelatigeneous tissues.

GELATIN; GELATINE
Gel"a*tin

Defn: , Gel"a*tine (, n. Etym: [F. gélatine, fr. L. gelare to
congeal. See Geal.] (Chem.) Animal jelly; glutinous material obtained
from animal tissues by prolonged boiling. Specifically (Physiol.
Chem.), a nitrogeneous colloid, not existing as such in the animal
body, but formed by the hydrating action of boiling water on the
collagen of various kinds of connective tissue (as tendons, bones,
ligaments, etc.). Its distinguishing character is that of dissolving
in hot water, and forming a jelly on cooling. It is an important
ingredient of calf's-foot jelly, isinglass, glue, etc. It is used as
food, but its nutritious qualities are of a low order.

Note: Both spellings, gelatin and gelatine, are in good use, but the
tendency of writers on physiological chemistry favors the form in -
in, as in the United States Dispensatory, the United States
Pharmacopoeia, Fownes' Watts' Chemistry, Brande & Cox's Dictionary.
Blasting gelatin, an explosive, containing about ninety-five parts of
nitroglycerin and five of collodion.
 -- Gelatin process, a name applied to a number of processes in the
arts, involving the use of gelatin. Especially: (a) (Photog.) A dry-
plate process in which gelatin is used as a substitute for collodion
as the sensitized material. This is the dry-plate process in general
use, and plates of extreme sensitiveness are produced by it. (b)
(Print.) A method of producing photographic copies of drawings,
engravings, printed pages, etc., and also of photographic pictures,
which can be printed from in a press with ink, or (in some
applications of the process) which can be used as the molds of
stereotype or electrotype plates. (c) (Print. or Copying) A method of
producing facsimile copies of an original, written or drawn in
aniline ink upon paper, thence transferred to a cake of gelatin
softened with glycerin, from which impressions are taken upon
ordinary paper.
 -- Vegetable gelatin. See Gliadin.

GELATINATE
Ge*lat"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gelatinated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gelatinating.]

Defn: To convert into gelatin, or into a substance resembling jelly.

GELATINATE
Ge*lat"i*nate, v. i.

Defn: To be converted into gelatin, or into a substance like jelly.
Lapis lazuli, if calcined, does not effervesce, but gelatinates with
the mineral acids. Kirwan.

GELATINATION
Ge*lat`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act of process of converting into gelatin, or a substance
like jelly.

GELATINE
Gel"a*tine, n.

Defn: Same as Gelatin.

GELATINIFEROUS
Gel`a*tin*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gelatin + -ferous.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Yielding gelatin on boiling with water; capable of
gelatination.

GELATINIFORM
Gel`a*tin"i*form, a.

Defn: Having the form of gelatin.

GELATINIZATION
Ge*lat`i*ni*za"tion, n.

Defn: Same as Gelatination.

GELATINIZE
Ge*lat"i*nize, v. t.

1. To convert into gelatin or jelly. Same as Gelatinate, v. t.

2. (Photog.)

Defn: To coat, or otherwise treat, with gelatin.

GELATINIZE
Ge*lat"i*nize, v. i.

Defn: Same as Gelatinate, v. i.

GELATINOUS
Ge*lat"i*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gélatineux.]

Defn: Of the nature and consistence of gelatin or the jelly;
resembling jelly; viscous.

GELATION
Ge*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. gelatio a freezing, fr. gelare to freeze.]
(Astron.)

Defn: The process of becoming solid by cooling; a cooling and
solidifying.

GELD
Geld, n. Etym: [AS. gild, gield, geld, tribute, payment, fr. gieldan
to pay, render. See Yield.]

Defn: Money; tribute; compensation; ransom.[Obs.]

Note: This word occurs in old law books in composition, as in
danegeld, or danegelt, a tax imposed by the Danes; weregeld,
compensation for the life of a man, etc.

GELD
Geld, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gelded or Gelt (p. pr. & vb. n. Gelding.]
Etym: [Icel. gelda to castrate; akin to Dan. gilde, Sw. gälla, and
cf. AS. gilte a young sow, OHG. galt dry, not giving milk, G. gelt,
Goth. gilpa siclke.]

1. To castrate; to emasculate.

2. To deprive of anything essential.
Bereft and gelded of his patrimony. Shak.

3. To deprive of anything exceptionable; as, to geld a book, or a
story; to expurgate. [Obs.] Dryden.

GELDABLE
Geld"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being gelded.

GELDABLE
Geld"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Geld money.]

Defn: Liable to taxation. [Obs.] Burrill.

GELDER
Geld"er, n.

Defn: One who gelds or castrates.

GELDER-ROSE
Gel"der-rose, n.

Defn: Same as Guelder-rose.

GELDING
Geld"ing, n. Etym: [Icel. gelding a gelding, akin to geldingr wether,
eunuch, Sw. gälling gelding, Dan. gilding eunuch. See Geld, v. t.]

Defn: A castrated animal; -- usually applied to a horse, but formerly
used also of the human male.
They went down both into the water, Philip and the gelding, and
Philip baptized him. Wyclif (Acts viii. 38).

GELDING
Geld"ing, p. pr. a. & vb. n..

Defn: from Geld, v. t.

GELID
Gel"id, a. Etym: [L. gelidus, fr. gelun frost, cold. See Cold, and
cf. Congeal, Gelatin, Jelly.]

Defn: Cold; very cold; frozen. "Gelid founts." Thompson.

GELIDITY
Ge*lid"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being gelid.

GELIDLY
Gel"id*ly, adv.

Defn: In a gelid manner; coldly.

GELIDNESS
Gel"id*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being gelid; gelidity.

GELLY
Gel"ly, n.

Defn: Jelly. [Obs.] Spenser.

GELOSCOPY
Ge*los"copy, n. Etym: [Gr. -scopy.]

Defn: Divination by means of laughter.

GELOSE
Ge*lose", n. Etym: [See Gelatin.] (Chem.)

Defn: An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate, found in Gelidium, agar-agar,
and other seaweeds.

GELSEMIC
Gel*se"mic, a.

Defn: Gelseminic.

GELSEMINE
Gel"se*mine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid obtained from the yellow jasmine (Gelsemium
sempervirens), as a bitter white semicrystalline substance; -- called
also gelsemia.

GELSEMINIC
Gel`se*min"ic, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the yellow jasmine (Gelsemium
sempervirens); as, gelseminic acid, a white crystalline substance
resembling esculin.

GELSEMIUM
Gel*se"mium, n. Etym: [NL., fr. It. gelsomino jasmine.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of climbing plants. The yellow (false) jasmine
(Gelsemium sempervirens) is a native of the Southern United States.
It has showy and deliciously fragrant flowers.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The root of the yellow jasmine, used in malarial fevers, etc.

GELT
Gelt, n. Etym: [See 1st Geld.]

Defn: Trubute, tax. [Obs.]
All these the king granted unto them . . . free from all gelts and
payments, in a most full and ample manner. Fuller.

GELT
Gelt, n. Etym: [See Gelt, v. t.]

Defn: A gelding. [Obs.] Mortimer.

GELT
Gelt, n.

Defn: Gilding; tinsel. [Obs.] Spenser.

GEM
Gem, n. Etym: [OE. gemme precious stone, F. gemme, fr. L. gemma a
precious stone, bud.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A bud.
From the joints of thy prolific stem A swelling knot is raised called
a gem. Denham.

2. A precious stone of any kind, as the ruby, emerald, topaz,
sapphire, beryl, spinel, etc., especially when cut and polished for
ornament; a jewel. Milton.

3. Anything of small size, or expressed within brief limits, which is
regarded as a gem on account of its beauty or value, as a small
picture, a verse of poetry, a witty or wise saying. Artificial gem,
an imitation of a gem, made of glass colored with metallic oxide. Cf.
Paste, and Strass.

GEM
Gem v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gemmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gemming]

1. To put forth in the form of buds. "Gemmed their blossoms." [R.]
Milton.

2. To adorn with gems or precious stones.

3. To embellish or adorn, as with gems; as, a foliage gemmed with
dewdrops.
England is . . . gemmed with castles and palaces. W. Irving.

GEMARA
Ge*ma"ra, n. Etym: [Heb.] (Jewish Law)

Defn: The second part of the Talmud, or the commentary on the Mishna
(which forms the first part or text).

GEMARIC
Ge*mar"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the Gemara.

GEMARIST
Ge*ma"rist, n.

Defn: One versed in the Gemara, or adhering to its teachings.

GEMEL
Gem"el, a. Etym: [OF. gemel twin, F. jumeau, L. gemellus twin,
doubled, dim. of geminus. See Gemini, and cf. Gimmal.] (Her.)

Defn: Coupled; paired. Bars gemel (Her.), two barrulets placed near
and parallel to each other.

GEMEL
Gem"el, n.

1. One of the twins. [Obs.] Wyclif.

2. (Heb.)

Defn: One of the barrulets placed parallel and closed to each other.
Cf. Bars gemel, under Gemel, a.
Two gemels silver between two griffins passant. Strype.
Gemel hinge (Locksmithing), a hinge consisting of an eye or loop and
a hook.
 -- Gemel ring, a ring with two or more links; a gimbal. See Gimbal.
 -- Gemel window, a window with two bays.

GEMELLIPA-ROUS
Gem`el*lip"a-rous, a. Etym: [L. gemellipara, fem., gemellus twin +
parere to bear, produce.]

Defn: Producing twins. [R.] Bailey.

GEMINAL
Gem"i*nal, a. Etym: [L. geminus twin.]

Defn: A pair. [Obs.] Drayton.

GEMINATE
Gem"i*nate, a. Etym: [L. geminatus, p.p. of genimare to double. See
Gemini.] (Bot.)

Defn: In pairs or twains; two together; binate; twin; as, geminate
flowers. Gray.

GEMINATE
Gem"i*nate, v. t.

Defn: To double. [R.] B. Jonson.

GEMINATION
Gem`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. geminatio.]

Defn: A doubling; duplication; repetition. [R.] Boyle.

GEMINI
Gem"i*ni, n. pl. Etym: [L., twins, pl. of geminus; cf. Skr. j related
as brother or sister.] (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation of the zodiac, containing the two bright stars
Castor and Pollux; also, the third sign of the zodiac, which the sun
enters about May 20th.

GEMINIFLOROUS
Gem`i*ni*flo"rous, a. Etym: [L. geminus twin + flos, floris, flower.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having the flowers arranged in pairs.

GEMINOUS
Gem"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. geminus.]

Defn: Double; in pairs. Sir T. Browne.

GEMINY
Gemi*ny, n. Etym: [See Gemini.]

Defn: Twins; a pair; a couple. [Obs.] Shak.

GEMITORES
Gem`i*to"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. gemere, gemitum, to sign,
moan.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of birds including the true pigeons.

GEMMA
Gem"ma, n.; pl. Gemmæ. Etym: [L., a bud.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A leaf bud, as distinguished from a flower bud.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A bud spore; one of the small spores or buds in the
reproduction of certain Protozoa, which separate one at a time from
the parent cell.

GEMMACEOUS
Gem*ma"ceous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to gems or to gemmæ; of the nature of, or
resembling, gems or gemmæ.

GEMMARY
Gem"ma*ry, a. Etym: [L. gemmarius. See Gem.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to gems.

GEMMARY
Gem"ma*ry, n.

Defn: A receptacle for jewels or gems; a jewel house; jewels or gems,
collectively.

GEMMATE
Gem"mate, a. Etym: [L. gemmatus, p. p. of gemmare to put forth buds,
fr. gemma bud.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having buds; reproducing by buds.

GEMMATED
Gem"ma*ted, a.

Defn: Having buds; adorned with gems or jewels.

GEMMATION
Gem*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. gemmation.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: The formation of a new individual, either animal or vegetable,
by a process of budding; an asexual method of reproduction;
gemmulation; gemmiparity. See Budding.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The arrangement of buds on the stalk; also, of leaves in the
bud.

GEMMEOUS
Gem"me*ous, a. Etym: [L. gemmeus. See Gem.]

Defn: Pertaining to gems; of the nature of gems; resembling gems.
Pennant.

GEMMIFEROUS
Gem*mif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. gemma bud + -ferous: cf. F. gemmifère.]

Defn: Producing gems or buds; (Biol.)

Defn: multiplying by buds.

GEMMIFICATION
Gem`mi*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. gemma bud + -ficare (in comp.) to
make. See -fy.] (Biol.)

Defn: The production of a bud or gem.

GEMMIFLORATE
Gem`mi*flo"rate, a. Etym: [L. gemma bud + flos, floris, flower.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having flowers like buds.

GEMMINESS
Gem"mi*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being gemmy; spruceness; smartness.

GEMMIPARA; GEMMIPARES
Gem*mip"a*ra Gem*mip"a*res n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. gemma bud +
parere to produce.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Animals which increase by budding, as hydroids.

GEMMIPARITY
Gem`mi*par"i*ty, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Reproduction by budding; gemmation. See Budding.

GEMMIPAROUS
Gem*mip"a*rous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gemmipare.] (Biol.)

Defn: Producing buds; reproducing by buds. See Gemmation, 1.

GEMMOSITY
Gem*mos"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. gemmosus set with jewels. See Gem.]

Defn: The quality or characteristics of a gem or jewel. [Obs.]
Bailey.

GEMMULATION
Gem`mu*la"tion, n. Etym: [From L. gemmula, dim. of gemma bud.]
(Biol.)

Defn: See Gemmation.

GEMMULE
Gem"mule, n. Etym: [L. gemmula, dim. of gemma: cf. F. gemmule. See
Gem.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) A little leaf bud, as the plumule between the cotyledons.
(b) One of the buds of mosses.
(c) One of the reproductive spores of algæ.
(d) An ovule.

2. (Biol.)
(a) A bud produced in generation by gemmation.
(b) One of the imaginary granules or atoms which, according to
Darwin's hypothesis of pangenesis, are continually being thrown off
from every cell or unit, and circulate freely throughout the system,
and when supplied with proper nutriment multiply by self-division and
ultimately develop into cells like those from which they were
derived. They are supposed to be transmitted from the parent to the
offspring, but are often transmitted in a dormant state during many
generations and are then developed. See Pangenesis.

GEMMULIFEROUS
Gem`mu*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gemmule + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing or producing gemmules or buds.

GEMMY
Gem"my, a. Etym: [From Gem, n.]

1. Full of gems; bright; glittering like a gem.
The gemmy bridle glittered free. Tennyson.

2. Spruce; smart. [Colloq. Eng.]

GEMOTE
Ge*mote", n. Etym: [As. gem an assembly. See Meet, v. t.] (AS. Hist.)

Defn: A meeting; -- used in combination, as, Witenagemote, an
assembly of the wise men.

GEMS
Gems, n. Etym: [G.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chamois.

GEMSBOK
Gems"bok, n. Etym: [D.; akin to G. gemsbock the male or buck of the
chamois; gemse chamois, goat of the Alps + bock buck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South African antelope (Oryx Capensis), having long, sharp,
nearly straight horns.

GEMS-HORN
Gems"-horn`, n. Etym: [G., prop., chamois horn.] (Mus.)

Defn: An organ stop with conical tin pipes.

GEMUL
Ge*mul", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American deer (Furcifer Chilensis), with simple
forked horns. [Written also guemul.]

-GEN
-gen. Etym: [(1) From Gr. -gen-, from the same root as ge`nos race,
stock (see Genus). (2) From Gr. suffix -genh`s born. Cf. F. -gène.]

1. A suffix used in scientific words in the sense of producing,
generating: as, amphigen, amidogen, halogen.

2. A suffix meaning produced, generated; as, exogen.

GENA
Ge"na, Etym: [L., the cheek.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The cheek; the feathered side of the under mandible of a bird.
(b) The part of the head to which the jaws of an insect are attached.

GENAPPE
Ge*nappe", n. Etym: [From Genappe, in Belgium.]

Defn: A worsted yarn or cord of peculiar smoothness, used in the
manufacture of braid, fringe, etc. Simmonds.

GENDARME
Gen`darme", n.; pl. Gendarmes, or Gens d'armes. Etym: [F.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: One of a body of heavy cavalry. [Obs.] [France]

2. An armed policeman in France. Thackeray.

GENDARMERY
Gen*darm"er*y, n. Etym: [F. gendarmerie.]

Defn: The body of gendarmes.

GENDER
Gen"der, n. Etym: [OF. genre, gendre (with excrescent d.), F.genre,
fr. L. genus, generis, birth, descent, race, kind, gender, fr. the
root of genere, gignere, to beget, in pass., to be born, akin to E.
kin. See Kin, and cf. Generate, Genre, Gentle, Genus.]

1. Kind; sort. [Obs.] "One gender of herbs." Shak.

2. Sex, male or female. [Obs. or Colloq.]

3. (Gram.)

Defn: A classification of nouns, primarily according to sex; and
secondarily according to some fancied or imputed quality associated
with sex.
Gender is a grammatical distinction and applies to words only. Sex is
natural distinction and applies to living objects. R. Morris.

Note: Adjectives and pronouns are said to vary in gender when the
form is varied according to the gender of the words to which they
refer.

GENDER
Gen"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gendered; p. pr. & vb. n. Gendering.]
Etym: [OF. gendrer, fr. L. generare. See Gender, n.]

Defn: To beget; to engender.

GENDER
Gen"der, v. i.

Defn: To copulate; to breed. [R.] Shak.

GENDERLESS
Gen"der*less, a.

Defn: Having no gender.

GENEAGENESIS
Gen`e*a*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: Alternate generation. See under Generation.

GENEALOGIC
Gen`e*a*log"ic, a.

Defn: Genealogical.

GENEALOGICAL
Gen`e*a*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. généalogique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to genealogy; as, a genealogical table;
genealogical order.
 -- Gen`e*a*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Genealogical tree, a family lineage or
genealogy drawn out under the form of a tree and its branches.

GENEALOGIST
Gen`e*al"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. généalogiste.]

Defn: One who traces genealogies or the descent of persons or
families.

GENEALOGIZE
Gen`e*al"o*gize, v. i.

Defn: To investigate, or relate the history of, descents.

GENEALOGY
Gen`e*al"o*gy, n.; pl. Genealogies. Etym: [OE. genealogi, genelogie,
OF. genelogie, F. généalogie, L. genealogia, fr. Gr. genus) +

1. An account or history of the descent of a person or family from an
ancestor; enumeration of ancestors and their children in the natural
order of succession; a pedigree.

2. Regular descent of a person or family from a progenitor; pedigree;
lineage.

GENEARCH
Gen"e*arch, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The chief of a family or tribe.

GENERA
Gen"e*ra, n. pl.

Defn: See Genus.

GENERABILITY
Gen`er*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being generated. Johnstone.

GENERABLE
Gen"er*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. generabilis.]

Defn: Capable of being generated or produced. Bentley.

GENERAL
Gen"er*al, a. Etym: [F. général, fr. L. generalis. See Genus.]

1. Relating to a genus or kind; pertaining to a whole class or order;
as, a general law of animal or vegetable economy.

2. Comprehending many species or individuals; not special or
particular; including all particulars; as, a general inference or
conclusion.

3. Not restrained or limited to a precise import; not specific;
vague; indefinite; lax in signification; as, a loose and general
expression.

4. Common to many, or the greatest number; widely spread; prevalent;
extensive, though not universal; as, a general opinion; a general
custom.
This general applause and cheerful sShak.

5. Having a relation to all; common to the whole; as, Adam, our
general sire. Milton.

6. As a whole; in gross; for the most part.
His general behavior vain, ridiculous. Shak.

7. Usual; common, on most occasions; as, his general habit or method.

Note: The word general, annexed to a name of office, usually denotes
chief or superior; as, attorney-general; adjutant general; commissary
general; quartermaster general; vicar-general, etc. General agent
(Law), an agent whom a principal employs to transact all his business
of a particular kind, or to act in his affairs generally.
 -- General assembly. See the Note under Assembly.
 -- General average, General Court. See under Average, Court.
 -- General court-martial (Mil.), the highest military and naval
judicial tribunal.
 -- General dealer (Com.), a shopkeeper who deals in all articles in
common use.
 -- General demurrer (Law), a demurrer which objects to a pleading in
general terms, as insufficient, without specifying the defects.
Abbott.
 -- General epistle, a canonical epistle.
 -- General guides (Mil.), two sergeants (called the right, and the
left, general guide) posted opposite the right and left flanks of an
infantry battalion, to preserve accuracy in marching. Farrow.
 -- General hospitals (Mil.), hospitals established to receive sick
and wounded sent from the field hospitals. Farrow. General issue
(Law), an issue made by a general plea, which traverses the whole
declaration or indictment at once, without offering any special
matter to evade it. Bouvier. Burrill.
 -- General lien (Law), a right to detain a chattel, etc., until
payment is made of any balance due on a general account.
 -- General officer (Mil.), any officer having a rank above that of
colonel.
 -- General orders (Mil.), orders from headquarters published to the
whole command.
 -- General practitioner, in the United States, one who practices
medicine in all its branches without confining himself to any
specialty; in England, one who practices both as physician and as
surgeon.
 -- General ship, a ship not chartered or let to particular parties.
 -- General term (Logic), a term which is the sign of a general
conception or notion.
 -- General verdict (Law), the ordinary comprehensive verdict in
civil actions, "for the plaintiff" or "for the defendant". Burrill.
 -- General warrant (Law), a warrant, now illegal, to apprehend
suspected persons, without naming individuals.

Syn. General, Common, Universal. Common denotes primarily that in
which many share; and hence, that which is often met with. General is
stronger, denoting that which pertains to a majority of the
individuals which compose a genus, or whole. Universal, that which
pertains to all without exception. To be able to read and write is so
common an attainment in the United States, that we may pronounce it
general, though by no means universal.

Syn: Gen"er*al, n. Etym: [F. général. See General., a.]

1. The whole; the total; that which comprehends or relates to all, or
the chief part; -- opposed to particular.
In particulars our knowledge begins, and so spreads itself by degrees
to generals. Locke.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: One of the chief military officers of a government or country;
the commander of an army, of a body of men not less than a brigade.
In European armies, the highest military rank next below field
marshal.

Note: In the United States the office of General of the Army has been
created by temporary laws, and has been held only by Generals U. S.
Grant, W. T. Sherman, and P. H. Sheridan. Popularly, the title
General is given to various general officers, as General, Lieutenant
general, Major general, Brigadier general, Commissary general, etc.
See Brigadier general, Lieutenant general, Major general, in the
Vocabulary.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: The roll of the drum which calls the troops together; as, to
beat the general.

4. (Eccl.)

Defn: The chief of an order of monks, or of all the houses or
congregations under the same rule.

5. The public; the people; the vulgar. [Obs.] Shak. In general, in
the main; for the most part.

GENERALIA
Gen`e*ra"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl., fr. L. generalis.]

Defn: Generalities; general terms. J. S. Mill.

GENERALISSIMO
Gen`er*al*is"si*mo, n. Etym: [It., superl. of generale general. See
General, a.]

Defn: The chief commander of an army; especially, the commander in
chief of an army consisting of two or more grand divisions under
separate commanders; -- a title used in most foreign countries.

GENERALITY
Gen`er*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Generalities. Etym: [L. generalitas: cf. F.
généralité. Cf. Generalty.]

1. The state of being general; the quality of including species or
particulars. Hooker.

2. That which is general; that which lacks specificalness,
practicalness, or application; a general or vague statement or
phrase.
Let us descend from generalities to particulars. Landor.
The glittering and sounding generalities of natural right which make
up the Declaration of Independence. R. Choate.

3. The main body; the bulk; the greatest part; as, the generality of
a nation, or of mankind.

GENERALIZABLE
Gen"er*al*i`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being generalized, or reduced to a general form of
statement, or brought under a general rule.
Extreme cases are . . . not generalizable. Coleridge

GENERALIZATION
Gen`er*al*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. généralisation.]

1. The act or process of generalizing; the act of bringing
individuals or particulars under a genus or class; deduction of a
general principle from particulars.
Generalization is only the apprehension of the one in the many. Sir
W. Hamilton.

2. A general inference.

GENERALIZE
Gen"er*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Generalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Generalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. généraliser.]

1. To bring under a genus or under genera; to view in relation to a
genus or to genera.
Copernicus generalized the celestial motions by merely referring them
to the moon's motion. Newton generalized them still more by referring
this last to the motion of a stone through the air. W. Nicholson.

2. To apply to other genera or classes; to use with a more extensive
application; to extend so as to include all special cases; to make
universal in application, as a formula or rule.
When a fact is generalized, our discontent is quited, and we consider
the generality itself as tantamount to an explanation. Sir W.
Hamilton.

3. To derive or deduce (a general conception, or a general principle)
from particulars.
A mere conclusion generalized from a great multitude of facts.
Coleridge.

GENERALIZE
Gen"er*al*ize, v. i.

Defn: To form into a genus; to view objects in their relations to a
genus or class; to take general or comprehensive views.

GENERALIZED
Gen"er*al*ized, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Comprising structural characters which are separated in more
specialized forms; synthetic; as, a generalized type.

GENERALIZER
Gen"er*al*i`zer (, n.

Defn: One who takes general or comprehensive views. Tyndall.

GENERALLY
Gen"er*al*ly, adv.

1. In general; commonly; extensively, though not universally; most
frequently.

2. In a general way, or in general relation; in the main; upon the
whole; comprehensively.
Generally speaking, they live very quietly. Addison.

3. Collectively; as a whole; without omissions. [Obs.]
I counsel that all Israel be generally gathered unto thee. 2 Sam.
xvii. ll.

GENERALNESS
Gen"er*al*ness, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being general; frequency;
commonness. Sir P. Sidney.

GENERALSHIP
Gen"er*al*ship, n.

1. The office of a general; the exercise of the functions of a
general; -- sometimes, with the possessive pronoun, the personality
of a general.
Your generalship puts me in mind of Prince Eugene. Goldsmith.

2. Military skill in a general officer or commander.

3. Fig.: Leadership; management.
An artful stroke of generalship in Trim to raise a dust. Sterne.

GENERALTY
Gen"er*al*ty, n.

Defn: Generality. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

GENERANT
Gen"er*ant, a. Etym: [L. generans, p. pr. of generare.]

Defn: Generative; producing; esp. (Geom.),

Defn: acting as a generant.

GENERANT
Gen"er*ant, n.

1. That which generates. Glanvill.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A generatrix.

GENERATE
Gen"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Generated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Generating.] Etym: [L. generatus, p. p. of generare to generate, fr.
genus. See Genus, Gender.]

1. To beget; to procreate; to propagate; to produce (a being similar
to the parent); to engender; as, every animal generates its own
species.

2. To cause to be; to bring into life. Milton.

3. To originate, especially by a vital or chemical process; to
produce; to cause.
Whatever generates a quantity of good chyle must likewise generate
milk. Arbuthnot.

4. (Math.)

Defn: To trace out, as a line, figure, or solid, by the motion of a
point or a magnitude of inferior order.

GENERATION
Gen`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [OE. generacioun, F. génération, fr.L.
generatio.]

1. The act of generating or begetting; procreation, as of animals.

2. Origination by some process, mathematical, chemical, or vital;
production; formation; as, the generation of sounds, of gases, of
curves, etc.

3. That which is generated or brought forth; progeny; offspiring.

4. A single step or stage in the succession of natural descent; a
rank or remove in genealogy. Hence: The body of those who are of the
same genealogical rank or remove from an ancestor; the mass of beings
living at one period; also, the average lifetime of man, or the
ordinary period of time at which one rank follows another, or father
is succeeded by child, usually assumed to be one third of a century;
an age.
This is the book of the generations of Adam. Gen. v. 1.
Ye shall remain there [in Babylon] many years, and for a long season,
namely, seven generations. Baruch vi. 3.
All generations and ages of the Christian church. Hooker.

5. Race; kind; family; breed; stock.
Thy mother's of my generation; what's she, if I be a dog Shak.

6. (Geom.)

Defn: The formation or production of any geometrical magnitude, as a
line, a surface, a solid, by the motion, in accordance with a
mathematical law, of a point or a magnitude; as, the generation of a
line or curve by the motion of a point, of a surface by a line, a
sphere by a semicircle, etc.

7. (Biol.)

Defn: The aggregate of the functions and phenomene which attend
reproduction.

Note: There are four modes of generation in the animal kingdom:
scissiparity or by fissiparous generation, gemmiparity or by budding,
germiparity or by germs, and oviparity or by ova. Alternate
generation (Biol.), alternation of sexual with asexual generation, in
which the products of one process differ from those of the other, --
a form of reproduction common both to animal and vegetable organisms.
In the simplest form, the organism arising from sexual generation
produces offspiring unlike itself, agamogenetically. These, however,
in time acquire reproductive organs, and from their impregnated germs
the original parent form is reproduced. In more complicated cases,
the first series of organisms produced agamogenetically may give rise
to others by a like process, and these in turn to still other
generations. Ultimately, however, a generation is formed which
develops sexual organs, and the original form is reproduced.
 -- Spontaneous generation (Biol.), the fancied production of living
organisms without previously existing parents from inorganic matter,
or from decomposing organic matter, a notion which at one time had
many supporters; abiogenesis.

GENERATIVE
Gen"er*a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. génératif.]

Defn: Having the power of generating, propagating, originating, or
producing. "That generative particle." Bentley.

GENERATOR
Gen"er*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. One who, or that which, generates, begets, causes, or produces.

2. An apparatus in which vapor or gas is formed from a liquid or
solid by means of heat or chemical process, as a steam boiler, gas
retort, or vessel for generating carbonic acid gas, etc.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: The principal sound or sounds by which others are produced; the
fundamental note or root of the common chord; -- called also
generating tone.

GENERATRIX
Gen`er*a"trix, n.; pl. L. Generatrices, E. Generatrixes. Etym: [L.]
(Geom.)

Defn: That which generates; the point, or the mathematical magnitude,
which, by its motion, generates another magnitude, as a line,
surface, or solid; -- called also describent.

GENERIC; GENERICAL
Ge*ner"ic, Ge*ner"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. genus, generis, race, kind: cf.
F. générique. See Gender.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to a genus or kind; relating to a genus, as distinct
from a species, or from another genus; as, a generic description; a
generic difference; a generic name.

2. Very comprehensive; pertaining or appropriate to large classes or
their characteristics; -- opposed to Ant: specific.

GENERICALLY
Ge*ner"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: With regard to a genus, or an extensive class; as, an animal
generically distinct from another, or two animals or plants
generically allied.

GENERICALNESS
Ge*ner"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being generic.

GENERIFICATION
Ge*ner`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. genus kind, class + -ficare (in
comp.) to make. See -fy.]

Defn: The act or process of generalizing.
Out of this the universal is elaborated by generification. Sir W.
Hamilton.

GENEROSITY
Gen`er*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. generositas: cf. F. générosité.]

1. Noble birth. [Obs.] Harris (Voyages).

2. The quality of being noble; noble-mindedness.
Generosity is in nothing more seen than in a candid estimation of
other men's virtues and good qualities. Barrow.

3. Liberality in giving; munificence.

Syn.
 -- Magnanimity; liberality.

GENEROUS
Gen"er*ous, a. Etym: [F. généreux, fr. L. generous of noble birth,
noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. genus birth, race: cf. It.
generoso. See 2d Gender.]

1. Of honorable birth or origin; highborn. [Obs.]
The generous and gravest citizens. Shak.

2. Exhibiting those qualities which are popularly reregarded as
belonging to high birth; noble; honorable; magnanimous; spirited;
courageous. "The generous critic." Pope. "His generous spouse." Pope.
"A generous pack [of hounds]." Addison.

3. Open-handed; free to give; not close or niggardly; munificent; as,
a generous friend or father.

4. Characterized by generosity; abundant; overflowing; as, a generous
table. Swift.

5. Full of spirit or strength; stimulating; exalting; as, generous
wine.

Syn.
 -- Magnanimous; bountiful. See Liberal.
 -- Gen"er*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Gen"er*ous*ness, n.

GENESEE EPOCH
Gen`e*see" ep"och. (Geol.)

Defn: The closing subdivision of the Hamilton period in the American
Devonian system; -- so called because the formations of this period
crop out in Genesee, New York.

GENESIAL
Ge*ne"sial, a.

Defn: Of or relating to generation.

GENESIOLGY
Ge*ne`si*ol"gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The doctrine or science of generation.

GENESIS
Gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. genus birth, race. See Gender.]

1. The act of producing, or giving birth or origin to anything; the
process or mode of originating; production; formation; origination.
The origin and genasis of poor Sterling's club. Carlyle.

2. The first book of the Old Testament; -- so called by the Greek
translators, from its containing the history of the creation of the
world and of the human race.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: Same as Generation.

GENET; GENETTE
Gen"et, Ge*nette" (, n. Etym: [F. genette, Sp. gineta, fr. Ar. jarnei

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of small Carnivora of the genus Genetta,
allied to the civets, but having the scent glands less developed, and
without a pouch.

Note: The common genet (Genetta vulgaris) of Southern Europe, Asia
Minor, and North Africa, is dark gray, spotted with black. The long
tail is banded with black and white. The Cape genet (G. felina), and
the berbe (G. pardina), are related African species.

2. The fur of the common genet (Genetta vulgaris); also, any skin
dressed in imitation of this fur.

GENET
Gen"et, n. Etym: [See Jennet.]

Defn: A small-sized, well-proportioned, Spanish horse; a jennet.
Shak.

GENETHLIAC
Ge*neth"li*ac, a. Etym: [L. genethliacus, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to nativities; calculated by astrologers; showing
position of stars at one's birth. Howell.

GENETHLIAC
Ge*neth"li*ac, n.

1. A birthday poem.

2. One skilled in genethliacs.

GENETHLIACAL
Gen`eth*li"a*cal, a.

Defn: Genethliac.

GENETHLIACS
Ge*neth"li*acs, n.

Defn: The science of calculating nativities, or predicting the future
events of life from the stars which preside at birth. Jhonson.

GENETHLIALOGY
Ge*neth`li*al"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Divination as to the destinies of one newly born; the act or
art of casting nativities; astrology.

GENETHLIATIC
Ge*neth`li*at"ic, n.

Defn: One who calculates nativities. Sir W. Drummond.

GENETIC
Ge*net"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Genetical.

GENETICAL
Ge*net"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Genesis.]

Defn: Pertaining to, concerned with, or determined by, the genesis of
anything, or its natural mode of production or development.
This historical, genetical method of viewing prior systems of
philosophy. Hare.

GENETICALLY
Ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a genetical manner.

GENEVA
Ge*ne"va, n.

Defn: The chief city of Switzerland. Geneva Bible, a translation of
the Bible into English, made and published by English refugees in
Geneva (Geneva, 1560; London, 1576). It was the first English Bible
printed in Roman type instead of the ancient black letter, the first
which recognized the division into verses, and the first which
ommited the Apocrypha. In form it was a small quarto, and soon
superseded the large folio of Cranmer's translation. Called also
Genevan Bible.
 -- Geneva convention (Mil.), an agreement made by representatives of
the great continental powers at Geneva and signed in 1864,
establishing new and more humane regulation regarding the treatment
of the sick and wounded and the status of those who minister to them
in war. Ambulances and military hospitals are made neutral, and this
condition affects physicians, chaplains, nurses, and the ambulance
corps. Great Britain signed the convention in 1865.
 -- Geneva cross (Mil.), a red Greek cross on a white ground; -- the
flag and badge adopted in the Geneva convention.

GENEVA
Ge*ne"va, n. Etym: [F. genièvre juniper, juniper berry, gin, OF.
geneivre juniper, fr. L. juniperus the juniper tree: cf. D. jenever,
fr. F. genièvre. See Juniper, and cf. Gin a liquor.]

Defn: A strongly alcoholic liquor, flavores with juniper berries; --
made in Holland; Holland gin; Hollands.

GENEVAN
Ge*ne"van, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevese.

GENEVAN
Ge*ne"van, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Geneva.

2. A supported of Genevanism.

GENEVANISM
Ge*ne"van*ism, n. Etym: [From Geneva, where Calvin resided.]

Defn: Strict Calvinism. Bp. Montagu.

GENEVESE
Gen`e*vese", a. Etym: [Cf. L. Genevensis, F. génevois.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevan.
 -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Geneva; collectively, the inhabitants
of Geneva; people of Geneva.

GENIAL
Ge*ni"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Genian.

GENIAL
Gen"ial, a. Etym: [L. genialis: cf. OF. genial. See Genius.]

1. Contributing to, or concerned in, propagation or production;
generative; procreative; productive. "The genial bed." Milton.
Creator Venus, genial power of love. Dryden.

2. Contributing to, and sympathizing with, the enjoyment of life;
sympathetically cheerful and cheering; jovial and inspiring joy or
happiness; exciting pleasure and sympathy; enlivening; kindly; as,
she was of a cheerful and genial disposition.
So much I feel my genial spirits droop. Milton.

3. Belonging to one's genius or natural character; native; natural;
inborn. [Obs.]
Natural incapacity and genial indisposition. Sir T. Browne.

4. Denoting or marked with genius [R.]
Men of genius have often attached the highest value to their less
genial works. Hare.
Genial gods (Pagan Mythol.), the powers supposed to preside over
marriage and generation.

GENIALITY
Ge`ni*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. genialitas.]

Defn: The quality of being genial; sympathetic cheerfulness; warmth
of disposition and manners.

GENIALLY
Gen"ial*ly, adv.

1. By genius or nature; naturally. [Obs.]
Some men are genially disposed to some opinions. Glanvill.

2. Gayly; cheerfully. Johnson.

GENIALNESS
Gen"ial*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being genial.

GENIAN
Ge*ni"an, a. Etym: [Gr. Chin.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the chin; mental; as, the genian
prominence.

GENICULATE
Ge*nic"u*late, a. Etym: [L. geniculatus, fr. geniculum little knee,
knot or joint, dim. of genu knee. See Knee.]

Defn: Bent abruptly at an angle, like the knee when bent; as, a
geniculate stem; a geniculate ganglion; a geniculate twin crystal.

GENICULATE
Ge*nic"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Geniculated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Geniculating.]

Defn: To form joints or knots on. [R.] Cockeram.

GENICULATED
Ge*nic"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: Same as Geniculate.

GENICULATION
Ge*nic`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. geniculatio a kneeling.]

1. The act of kneeling. [R.] Bp. Hall.

2. The state of being bent abruptly at an angle.

GENIE
Gé`nie, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Genius.

GENIO
Ge"ni*o, n. Etym: [It. See Genius.]

Defn: A man of a particular turn of mind. [R.] Tatler.

GENIOHYOID
Ge`ni*o*hy"oid, a. Etym: [Gr. hyoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the chin and hyoid bone; as, the geniohyoid
muscle.

GENIP; GENIP TREE
Gen"ip, n., or Genip tree.

1. Any tree or shrub of the genus Genipa.

2.  The West Indian sapindaceous tree Melicocca bijuga, which yields
the honeyberry; also, the related trees Exothea paniculata and E.
trifoliata.

GENIPAP
Gen"i*pap, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The edible fruit of a West Indian tree (Genipa Americana) of
the order Rubiaceæ. It is oval in shape, as a large as a small
orange, of a pale greenish color, and with dark purple juice.

GENISTA
Ge*nis"ta, n. Etym: [L., broom.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including the common broom of Western Europe.

GENITAL
Gen"i*tal, a. Etym: [L. genitalis, fr. genere, gignere, to beget: cf.
F. génital. See Gender.]

Defn: Pertaining to generation, or to the generative organs. Genital
cord (Anat.), a cord developed in the fetus by the union of portions
of the Wolffian and Müllerian ducts and giving rise to parts of the
urogenital passages in both sexes.

GENITALS
Gen"i*tals, n. pl. Etym: [From Genital, a.: cf. L. genitalia.]

Defn: The organs of generation; the sexual organs; the private parts.

GENITING
Gen"i*ting, n. Etym: [See Jenneting.]

Defn: A species of apple that ripens very early. Bacon.

GENITIVAL
Gen`i*ti"val, a.

Defn: Possessing genitive from; pertaining to, or derived from, the
genitive case; as, a genitival adverb.
 -- Gen`i*ti"val*ly, adv.

GENITIVE
Gen"i*tive, a. Etym: [L. genitivus, fr. gignere, genitum, to beget:
cf. F. génitif. See Gender.] (Gram.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to that case (as the second case of Latin and
Greek nouns) which expresses source or possession. It corresponds to
the possessive case in English.

GENITIVE
Gen"i*tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: The genitive case. Genitive absolute, a construction in Greek
similar to the ablative absolute in Latin. See Ablative absolute.

GENITOCRURAL
Gen`i*to*cru"ral, a. Etym: [Genital + crural.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the genital organs and the thigh; -- applied
especially to one of the lumbar nerves.

GENITOR
Gen"i*tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. One who begets; a generator; an originator. Sheldon.

2. pl.

Defn: The genitals. [Obs.] Holland.

GENITOURINARY
Gen`i*to*u"ri*na*ry, a. Etym: [Genital + urinary.] (Anat.)

Defn: See Urogenital.

GENITURE
Gen"i*ture, n. Etym: [L. genitura: cf. F. géniture.]

Defn: Generation; procreation; birth. Dryden.

GENIUS
Gen"ius, n.; pl. E. Geniuses; in sense 1, L. Genii. Etym: [L. genius,
prop., the superior or divine nature which is innate in everything,
the spirit, the tutelar deity or genius of a person or place, taste,
talent, genius, from genere, gignere, to beget, bring forth. See
Gender, and cf. Engine.]

1. A good or evil spirit, or demon, supposed by the ancients to
preside over a man's destiny in life; a tutelary deity; a
supernatural being; a spirit, good or bad. Cf. Jinnee.
The unseen genius of the wood. Milton.
We talk of genius still, but with thought how changed! The genius of
Augustus was a tutelary demon, to be sworn by and to receive
offerings on an altar as a deity. Tylor.

2. The peculiar structure of mind with whoch each individual is
endowed by nature; that disposition or aptitude of mind which is
peculiar to each man, and which qualifies him for certain kinds of
action or special success in any pursuit; special taste, inclination,
or disposition; as, a genius for history, for poetry, or painting.

3. Peculiar character; animating spirit, as of a nation, a religion,
a language.

4. Distinguished mental superiority; uncommon intellectual power;
especially, superior power of invention or origination of any kind,
or of forming new combinations; as, a man of genius.
Genius of the highest kind implies an unusual intensity of the
modifyng power. Coleridge.

5. A man endowed with uncommon vigor of mind; a man of superior
intellectual faculties; as, Shakespeare was a rare genius.

Syn.
 -- Genius, Talent. Genius implies high and peculiar gifts of nature,
impelling the mind to certain favorite kinds of mental effort, and
producing new combinations of ideas, imagery, etc. Talent supposes
general strength of intellect, with a peculiar aptitude for being
molded and directed to specific employments and valuable ends and
purposes. Genius is connected more or less with the exercise of
imagination, and reaches its ends by a kind of intuitive power.
Talent depends more on high mental training, and a perfect command of
all the faculties, memory, judgment, sagacity, etc. Hence we speak of
a genius for poetry, painting. etc., and a talent for business or
diplomacy. Among English orators, Lord Chatham was distinguished for
his genius; William Pitt for his preëminent talents, and especially
his unrivaled talent for debate.

Genius loci ( Etym: [L.], the genius or presiding divinity of a
place; hence, the pervading spirit of a place or institution, as of a
college, etc.

GENOA CAKE
Gen"o*a cake. (Cookery)

Defn: A rich glazed cake, with almonds, pistachios, filberts, or
other nuts; also, a rich currant cake with almonds on the top.

GENOESE
Gen`o*ese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Genoa, a city of Italy.
 -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Genoa; collectively, the people of
Genoa.

GENOUILLERE
Ge*nouil`lère", n. Etym: [F.]

1. (Anc. Armor)

Defn: A metal plate covering the knee.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: That part of a parapet which lies between the gun platform and
the bottom of an embrasure.

-GENOUS
-ge*nous. Etym: [-gen + -ous.]

Defn: A suffix signifying producing, yielding; as, alkaligenous;
endogenous.

GENRE
Genre, n. Etym: [F. See Gender.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: A style of painting, sculpture, or other imitative art, which
illustrates everyday life and manners.

GENS
Gens, n.; pl. Gentes. Etym: [L. See Gentle, a.] (Rom. Hist.)

1. A clan or family connection, embracing several families of the
same stock, who had a common name and certain common religious rites;
a subdivision of the Roman curia or tribe.

2. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A minor subdivision of a tribe, among American aborigines. It
includes those who have a common descent, and bear the same totem.

GENT
Gent, a. Etym: [OF. gent, fr. L. genitus born, or (less prob.) fr.
gentilis. See Genteel.]

1. Gentle; noble; of gentle birth. [Obs.]
All of a knight [who] was fair and gent. Chaucer.

2. Neat; pretty; fine; elegant. [Obs.] Spenser.
Her body gent and small. Chaucer.

GENTEEL
Gen*teel", a. Etym: [F. gentil noble, pretty, graceful. See Gentle.]

1. Possessing or exhibiting the qualities popularly regarded as
belonging to high birth and breeding; free from vulgarity, or lowness
of taste or behavior; adapted to a refined or cultivated taste;
polite; well-bred; as, genteel company, manners, address.

2. Graceful in mien or form; elegant in appearance, dress, or manner;
as, the lady has a genteel person. Law.

3. Suited to the position of lady or a gentleman; as, to live in a
genteel allowance.

Syn.
 -- Polite; well-bred; refined; polished.

GENTEELISH
Gen*teel"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat genteel.

GENTEELLY
Gen*teel"ly, adv.

Defn: In a genteel manner.

GENTEELNESS
Gen*teel"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being genteel.

GENTERIE; GENTRIE
Gen"ter*ie, Gen"trie (, n. Etym: [OE. See Gentry.]

Defn: Nobility of birth or of character; gentility. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GENTIAN
Gen"tian, n. Etym: [OE. genciane, F. gentiane, L. gentiana, fr.
Gentius, an Illyrian king, said to have discovered its properties.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Any one of a genus (Gentiana) of herbaceous plants with
opposite leaves and a tubular four- or five-lobed corolla, usually
blue, but sometimes white, yellow, or red. See Illust. of Capsule.

Note: Many species are found on the highest mountains of Europe,
Asia, and America, and some are prized for their beauty, as the
Alpine (Gentiana verna, Bavarica, and excisa), and the American
fringed gentians (G. crinita and G. detonsa). Several are used as
tonics, especially the bitter roots of Gentiana lutea, the officinal
gentian of the pharmacopoeias. Horse gentian, fever root.
 -- Yellow gentian (Bot.), the officinal gentian (Gentiana lutea).
See Bitterwort.

GENTIANACEOUS
Gen`tian*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Gentianaceæ) of
which the gentian is the type.

GENTIANELLA
Gen`tian*el"la, n. Etym: [See Gentian.]

Defn: A kind of blue color. Johnson.

GENTIANIC
Gen`ti*an"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to or derived from the gentian; as, gentianic acid.

GENTIANINE
Gen"tian*ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter, crystallizable substance obtained from gentian.

GENTIANOSE
Gen"tian*ose`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A crystallizable, sugarlike substance, with a slightly sweetish
taste, obtained from the gentian.

GENTIL
Gen"til, a. & n.

Defn: Gentle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GENTILE
Gen"tile, n. Etym: [L. gentilis belonging to the same clan, stock,
race, people, or nation; in opposition to Roman, a foreigner; in
opposition to Jew or Christian, a heathen: cf. F. gentil. See Gentle,
a.]

Defn: One of a non-Jewish nation; one neither a Jew nor a Christian;
a worshiper of false gods; a heathen.

Note: The Hebrews included in the term goyim, or nations, all the
tribes of men who had not received the true faith, and were not
circumcised. The Christians translated goyim by the L. gentes, and
imitated the Jews in giving the name gentiles to all nations who were
neither Jews nor Christians. In civil affairs, the denomination was
given to all nations who were not Romans.

Syn.
 -- Pagan; heathen. See Pagan.

GENTILE
Gen"tile, a.

1. Belonging to the nations at large, as distinguished from the Jews;
ethnic; of pagan or heathen people.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Denoting a race or country; as, a gentile noun or adjective.

GENTILE-FALCON
Gen"tile-fal`con, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Falcon-gentil.

GENTILESSE
Gen`ti*lesse", n. Etym: [OF. gentilesse, gentelise, F. gentillesse.
See Gentle. a.]

Defn: Gentleness; courtesy; kindness; nobility. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GENTILISH
Gen"til*ish, a.

Defn: Heathenish; pagan.

GENTILISM
Gen"til*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. gentilisme.]

1. Hethenism; paganism; the worship of false gods.

2. Tribal feeling; devotion to one's gens.

GENTILITIAL; GENTILITIOUS
Gen`ti*li"tial, Gen`ti*li"tious, a. Etym: [L. gentilitius. See
Gentile.] [Obs.]

1. Peculiar to a people; national. Sir T. Browne.

2. Hereditary; entailed on a family. Arbuthnot.

GENTILITY
Gen*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. gentilitas the relationship of those who
belong to the same clan, also, heathenism: cf. F. gentilité
heathenism. See Gentile.]

1. Good extraction; dignity of birth. Macaulay.
He . . . mines my gentility with my education. Shak.

2. The quality or qualities appropriate to those who are well born,
as self-respect, dignity, courage, courtesy, politeness of manner, a
graceful and easy mien and behavior, etc.; good breeding.

3. The class in society who are, or are expected to be, genteel; the
gentry. [R.] Sir J. Davies.

4. Paganism; heathenism. [Obs.] Hooker.

GENTILIZE
Gen"til*ize, v. i. Etym: [See Gentile.]

1. To live like a gentile or heathen. [Obs.] Milton.

2. To act the gentleman; -- with it (see It, 5). [Obs.]

GENTILIZE
Gen"til*ize, v. i.

Defn: To render gentile or gentlemanly; as, to gentilize your
unworthy sones. [R.] Sylvester.

GENTILLY
Gen"til*ly, adv. Etym: [From Gentil, a.]

Defn: In a gentle or hoble manner; frankly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GENTIOPIKRIN
Gen`ti*o*pi"krin, n. Etym: [Gentian + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter, yellow, crystalline substance, regarded as a
glucoside, and obtained from the gentian.

GENTISIN
Gen"ti*sin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A tasteless, yellow, crystalline substance, obtained from the
gentian; -- called also gentianin.

GENTLE
Gen"tle, a. [Compar. Gentler; superl. Gentlest.] Etym: [OE. gentil,
F. gentil noble, pretty, graceful, fr. L. gentilis of the same clan
or race, fr. gens, gentis, tribe, clan, race, orig. that which
belongs together by birth, fr. the root of genere, gignere, to beget;
hence gentle, properly, of birth or family, that is, of good or noble
birth. See Gender, and cf. Genteel, Gentil, Gentile, Gentoo, Jaunty.]

1. Well-born; of a good family or respectable birth, though not
noble.
British society is divided into nobility, gentry, and yeomanry, and
families are either noble, gentle, or simple. Johnson's Cyc.
The studies wherein our noble and gentle youth ought to bestow their
time. Milton.

2. Quiet and refined in manners; not rough, harsh, or stern; mild;
meek; bland; amiable; tender; as, a gentle nature, temper, or
disposition; a gentle manner; a gentle address; a gentle voice.

3. A compellative of respect, consideration, or conciliation; as,
gentle reader. "Gentle sirs." "Gentle Jew." "Gentle servant." Shak.

4. Not wild, turbulent, or refractory; quiet and docile; tame;
peaceable; as, a gentle horse.

5. Soft; not violent or rough; not strong, loud, or disturbing; easy;
soothing; pacific; as, a gentle touch; a gentle gallop. "Gentle
music." Sir J. Davies.
O sleep! it is a gentle thing. Coleridge.
The gentle craft, the art or trade of shoemaking.

Syn.
 -- Mild; meek; placid; dovelike; quiet; peaceful; pacific; bland;
soft; tame; tractable; docile.
 -- Gentle, Tame, Mild, Meek. Gentle describes the natural
disposition; tame, that which is subdued by training; mild implies a
temper which is, by nature, not easily provoked; meek, a spirit which
has been schooled to mildness by discipline or suffering. The lamb is
gentle; the domestic fowl is tame; John, the Apostle, was mild; Moses
was meek.

GENTLE
Gen"tle, n.

1. One well born; a gentleman. [Obs.]
Gentles, methinks you frown. Shak.

2. A trained falcon. See Falcon-gentil.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dipterous larva used as fish bait.

GENTLE
Gent"le, v. t.

1. To make genteel; to raise from the vulgar; to ennoble. [Obs.]
Shak.

2. To make smooth, cozy, or agreeable. [R. or Poet.]
To gentle life's descent, We shut our eyes, and think it is a plain.
Young.

3. To make kind and docile, as a horse. [Colloq.]

GENTLEFOLK; GENTLEFOLKS
Gen"tle*folk`, Gen"tle*folks` (, n. pl.

Defn: Persons of gentle or good family and breeding. Etym: [Generally
in the United States in the plural form.] Shak.

GENTLE-HEARTED
Gen"tle-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Having a kind or gentle disposition. Shak.
 -- Gen"tle-heart`ed*ness, n.

GENTLEMAN
Gen"tle*man, n.; pl. Gentlemen. Etym: [OE. gentilman nobleman; gentil
noble + man man; cf. F. gentilhomme.]

1. A man well born; one of good family; one above the condition of a
yeoman.

2. One of gentle or refined manners; a well-bred man.

3. (Her.)

Defn: One who bears arms, but has no title.

4. The servant of a man of rank.
The count's gentleman, one Cesario. Shak.

5. A man, irrespective of condition; -- used esp. in the plural (=
citizens; people), in addressing men in popular assemblies, etc.

Note: In Great Britain, the term gentleman is applied in a limited
sense to those having coats of arms, but who are without a title,
and, in this sense, gentlemen hold a middle rank between the nobility
and yeomanry. In a more extended sense, it includes every man above
the rank of yeoman, comprehending the nobility. In the United States,
the term is applied to men of education and good breeding of every
occupation. Gentleman commoner, one of the highest class of commoners
at the University of Oxford.
 -- Gentleman usher, one who ushers visitors into the presence of a
sovereign, etc.
 -- Gentleman usher of the black rod, an usher belonging to the Order
of the Garter, whose chief duty is to serve as official messenger of
the House of Lords.
 -- Gentlemen-at-arms, a band of forty gentlemen who attend the
sovereign on state occasions; formerly called gentlemen pensioners.
[Eng.]

GENTLEMANHOOD
Gen"tle*man*hood, n.

Defn: The qualities or condition of a gentleman. [R.] Thackeray.

GENTLEMANLIKE; GENTLEMANLY
Gen"tle*man*like`, Gen"tle*man*ly, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, resembling, or becoming, a gentleman; well-
behaved; courteous; polite.

GENTLEMANLINESS
Gen"tle*man*li*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being gentlemanly; gentlemanly conduct or manners.

GENTLEMANSHIP
Gen"tle*man*ship, n.

Defn: The carriage or quality of a gentleman.

GENTLEMEN'S AGREEMENT
Gen"tle*men's a*gree"ment.

Defn: An agreement binding only as a matter of honor; often, specif.,
such an agreement among the heads of industrial or merchantile
enterprises, the terms of which could not be included and enforced in
a legal contract.

GENTLENESS
Gen"tle*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being gentle, well-born, mild,
benevolent, docile, etc.; gentility; softness of manners,
disposition, etc.; mildness.

GENTLESHIP
Gen"tle*ship, n.

Defn: The deportment or conduct of a gentleman. [Obs.] Ascham.

GENTLESSE
Gent"lesse, n.

Defn: Gentilesse; gentleness. [Obs.]

GENTLEWOMAN
Gen"tle*wom`an, n.; pl. Gentlewomen (.

1. A woman of good family or of good breeding; a woman above the
vulgar. Bacon.

2. A woman who attends a lady of high rank. Shak.

GENTLY
Gen"tly, adv.

Defn: In a gentle manner.
My mistress gently chides the fault I made. Dryden.

GENTOO
Gen*too", n.; pl. Gentoos. Etym: [Pg. gentio gentile, heathen. See
Gentile.]

Defn: A native of Hindostan; a Hindoo. [Archaic]

GENTRY
Gen"try, n. Etym: [OE. genterie, gentrie, noble birth, nobility, cf.
gentrise, and OF. gentelise, genterise, E. gentilesse, also OE.
genteleri high-mindedness. See Gent, a., Gentle, a.]

1. Birth; condition; rank by birth. [Obs.] "Pride of gentrie."
Chaucer.
She conquers him by high almighty Jove, By knighthood, gentry, and
sweet friendship's oath. Shak.

2. People of education and good breeding; in England, in a restricted
sense, those between the nobility and the yeomanry. Macaulay.

3. Courtesy; civility; complaisance. [Obs.]
To show us so much gentry and good will. Shak.

GENTY
Gen"ty, a. Etym: [From F. gentil. Cf. Jaunty.]

Defn: Neat; trim. [Scot.] Burns.

GENU
Ge"nu, n.; pl. Genua. Etym: [L., the knee.] (Anat.)
(a) The knee.
(b) The kneelike bend, in the anterior part of the callosum of the
brain.

GENUFLECT
Gen`u*flect", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Genuflected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Genuflecting.] Etym: [See Genuflection.]

Defn: To bend the knee, as in worship.

GENUFLECTION
Gen`u*flec"tion, n. Etym: [F. génuflexion, fr. LL. genuflexio, fr. L.
genu knee + flexio a bending, fr. flectere, flexum, to bend. See
Knee, Flexible.]

Defn: The act of bending the knee, particularly in worship. Bp.
Stillingfleet.

GENUINE
Gen"u*ine, a. Etym: [L. genuinus, fr. genere, gignere, to beget, in
pass., to be born: cf. F. génuine. See Gender.]

Defn: Belonging to, or proceeding from, the original stock; native;
hence, not counterfeit, spurious, false, or adulterated; authentic;
real; natural; true; pure; as, a genuine text; a genuine production;
genuine materials. "True, genuine night." Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Authentic; real; true; pure; unalloyed; unadulterated. See
Authentic.
 -- Gen"u*ine*ly, adv.
 -- Gen"u*ine*ness, n.
The evidence, both internal and external, against the genuineness of
these letters, is overwhelming. Macaulay.

GENUS
Ge"nus, n.; pl. Genera. Etym: [L., birth, race, kind, sort; akin to
Gr. Gender, and cf. Benign.]

1. (Logic)

Defn: A class of objects divided into several subordinate species; a
class more extensive than a species; a precisely defined and exactly
divided class; one of the five predicable conceptions, or sorts of
terms.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: An assemblage of species, having so many fundamental points of
structure in common, that in the judgment of competent scientists,
they may receive a common substantive name. A genus is not
necessarily the lowest definable group of species, for it may often
be divided into several subgenera. In proportion as its definition is
exact, it is natural genus; if its definition can not be made clear,
it is more or less an artificial genus.

Note: Thus in the animal kingdom the lion, leopard, tiger, cat, and
panther are species of the Cat kind or genus, while in the vegetable
kingdom all the species of oak form a single genus. Some genera are
represented by a multitude of species, as Solanum (Nightshade) and
Carex (Sedge), others by few, and some by only one known species.
Subaltern genus (Logic), a genus which may be a species of a higher
genus, as the genus denoted by quadruped, which is also a species of
mammal.
 -- Summum genus Etym: [L.] (Logic), the highest genus; a genus which
can not be classed as a species, as being .

GENYS
Ge"nys, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Conys.

GEOCENTRIC; GEOCENTRICAL
Ge`o*cen"tric, Ge`o*cen"tric*al, a. Etym: [Gr. géocentrique.]
(Astron.)
(a) Having reference to the earth as center; in relation to or seen
from the earth, -- usually opposed to heliocentric, as seen from the
sun; as, the geocentric longitude or latitude of a planet.
(b) Having reference to the center of the earth. Geocentric latitude
(of place) the angle included between the radius of the earth through
the place and the plane of the equator, in distinction from
geographic latitude. It is a little less than the geographic
latitude.

GEOCENTRICALLY
Ge`o*cen"tric*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a geocentric manner.

GEOCHEMISTRY
Ge`o*chem"is*try (je`o*kem"is*try), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth +
chemistry.]

Defn: The study of the chemical composition of, and of actual or
possible chemical changes in, the crust of the earth. --
Ge`o*chem"ic*al (#), a. --Ge`o*chem"ist (#), n.

GEOCRONITE
Ge*oc"ro*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. geokronit.] (Min.)

Defn: A lead-gray or grayish blue mineral with a metallic luster,
consisting of sulphur, antimony, and lead, with a small proportion of
arsenic.

GEOCYCLIC
Ge`o*cyc"lic, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Of, pertaining to, or illustrating, the revolutions of the earth;
as, a geocyclic machine.

2. Circling the earth periodically.

GEODE
Ge"ode, n. Etym: [F. géode, L. geodes, fr. Gr. (Min.)
(a) A nodule of stone, containing a cavity, lined with crystals or
mineral matter.
(b) The cavity in such a nodule.

GEODEPHAGOUS
Ge`o*deph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Living in the earth; -- applied to the ground beetles.

GEODESIC; GEODESICAL
Ge`o*des"ic, Ge`o*des"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. géodésique.] (Math.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to geodetic.

GEODESIC
Ge`o*des"ic, n.

Defn: A geodetic line or curve.

GEODESIST
Ge*od"e*sist, n.

Defn: One versed in geodesy.

GEODESY
Ge*od"e*sy, n. Etym: [Gr. géodésie.] (Math.)

Defn: That branch of applied mathematics which determines, by means
of observations and measurements, the figures and areas of large
portions of the earth's surface, or the general figure and
dimenshions of the earth; or that branch of surveying in which the
curvature of the earth is taken into account, as in the surveys of
States, or of long lines of coast.

GEODETIC; GEODETICAL
Ge`o*det"ic, Ge`o*det"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to gebdesy; obtained or determined by the
operations of geodesy; engaged in geodesy; geodesic; as, geodetic
surveying; geodetic observers. Geodetic line or curve, the shortest
line that can be drawn between two points on the elipsoidal surface
of the earth; a curve drawn on any given surface so that the
osculating plane of the curve at every point shall contain the normal
to the surface; the minimum line that can be drawn on any surface
between any two points.

GEODETICALLY
Ge`o*det"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a geodetic manner; according to geodesy.

GEODETICS
Ge`o*det"ics, n.

Defn: Same as Geodesy.

GEODIFEROUS
Ge`o*dif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Geode + -ferous.] (Min.)

Defn: Producing geodes; containing geodes.

GEODUCK
Ge"o*duck, n. Etym: [American Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gigantic clam (Glycimeris generosa) of the Pacific coast of
North America, highly valued as an article of food.

GEOGNOSIS
Ge`og*no"sis, n. Etym: [See Geognosy.]

Defn: Knowledge of the earth. [R.] G. Eliot.

GEOGNOST
Ge"og*nost, n. Etym: [Cf. F. géognoste.]

Defn: One versed in geognosy; a geologist. [R.]

GEOGNOSTIC; GEOGNOSTICAL
Ge`og*nos"tic, Ge`og*nos"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. géognostique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to geognosy, or to a knowledge of the
structure of the earth; geological. [R.]

GEOGNOSY
Ge*og"no*sy, n. Etym: [Gr. géognosie.]

Defn: That part of geology which treats of the materials of the
earth's structure, and its general exterior and interior
constitution.

GEOGONIC; GEOGONICAL
Ge`o*gon"ic, Ge`o*gon"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. géogonique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to geogony, or to the formation of the earth.

GEOGONY
Ge*og"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. géogonie.]

Defn: The branch of science which treats of the formation of the
earth.

GEOGRAPHER
Ge*og"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One versed in geography.

GEOGRAPHIC; GEOGRAPHICAL
Ge`o*graph"ic, Ge`o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. geographicus, Gr.
géographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to geography. Geographical distribution. See
under Distribution.
 -- Geographic latitude (of a place), the angle included between a
line perpendicular or normal to the level surface of water at rest at
the place, and the plane of the equator; differing slightly from the
geocentric latitude by reason of the difference between the earth's
figure and a true sphere.
 -- Geographical mile. See under Mile.
 -- Geographical variation, any variation of a species which is
dependent on climate or other geographical conditions.

GEOGRAPHICALLY
Ge`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a geographical manner or method; according to geography.

GEOGRAPHY
Ge*og"ra*phy, n.; pl. Geographies. Etym: [F. géographie, l.
geographia, fr. Gr. Graphic.]

1. The science which treats of the world and its inhabitants; a
description of the earth, or a portion of the earth, including its
structure, fetures, products, political divisions, and the people by
whom it is inhabited.

2. A treatise on this science. Astronomical, or Mathematical,
geography treats of the earth as a planet, of its shape, its size,
its lines of latitude and longitude, its zones, and the phenomena due
to to the earth's diurnal and annual motions.
 -- Physical geography treats of the conformation of the earth's
surface, of the distribution of land and water, of minerals, plants,
animals, etc., and applies the principles of physics to the
explanation of the diversities of climate, productions, etc.
 -- Political geography treats of the different countries into which
earth is divided with regard to political and social and institutions
and conditions.

GEOLATRY
Ge*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The worship of the earth. G. W. Cox. The Geological Series.

Note: The science of geology, as treating of the history of the
globe, involves a description of the different strata which compose
its crust, their order of succession, characteristic forms of animal
and vegetable life, etc. The principal subdivisions of geological
time, and the most important strata, with their relative positions,
are indicated in the following diagram.

GEOLOGER; GEOLOGIAN
Ge*ol"o*ger, Ge`o*lo"gi*an, n.

Defn: A geologist.

GEOLOGIC; GEOLOGICAL
Ge`o*log"ic, Ge`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. géologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to geology, or the science of the earth.

GEOLOGICALLY
Ge`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a geological manner.

GEOLOGIST
Ge*ol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. Géologiste.]

Defn: One versed in the science of geology.

GEOLOGIZE
Ge*ol"o*gize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geologized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Geologizing.]

Defn: To study geology or make geological investigations in the
field; to discourse as a geologist.
During midsummer geologized a little in Shropshire. Darwin.

GEOLOGY
Ge*ol"o*gy, n.; pl. Geologies. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. géologie.]

1. The science which treats: (a) Of the structure and mineral
constitution of the globe; structural geology. (b) Of its history as
regards rocks, minerals, rivers, valleys, mountains, climates, life,
etc.; historical geology. (c) Of the causes and methods by which its
structure, features, changes, and conditions have been produced;
dynamical geology. See Chart of The Geological Series.

2. A treatise on the science.

GEOMALISM
Ge*om"a*lism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The tendency of an organism to respond, during its growth, to
the force of gravitation.

GEOMANCER
Ge"o*man`cer, n.

Defn: One who practices, or is versed in, geomancy.

GEOMANCY
Ge"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [OE. geomance, geomancie, F. géomance,
géomancie, LL. geomantia, fr. Gr.

Defn: A kind of divination by means of figures or lines, formed by
little dots or points, originally on the earth, and latterly on
paper.

GEOMANTIC; GEOMANTICAL
Ge`o*man"tic, Ge`o*man"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. géomantique.]

Defn: Pertaining or belonging to geomancy.

GEOMETER
Ge*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [F. géomètre, L. geometres, geometra, fr. Gr.
Meter measure.]

1. One skilled in geometry; a geometrician; a mathematician. I.
Watts.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of geometrid moth; a geometrid.

GEOMETRAL
Ge*om"e*tral, a. Etym: [Cf. F. géométral.]

Defn: Pertaining to geometry. [Obs.]

GEOMETRIC; GEOMETRICAL
Ge`o*met"ric, Ge`o*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [L. geometricus; Gr.
géométrique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or according to the rules or principles of,
geometry; determined by geometry; as, a geometrical solution of a
problem.

Note: Geometric is often used, as opposed to algebraic, to include
processes or solutions in which the propositions or principles of
geometry are made use of rather than those of algebra.

Note: Geometrical is often used in a limited or strictly technical
sense, as opposed to mechanical; thus, a construction or solution is
geometrical which can be made by ruler and compasses, i. e., by means
of right lines and circles. Every construction or solution which
requires any other curve, or such motion of a line or circle as would
generate any other curve, is not geometrical, but mechanical. By
another distinction, a geometrical solution is one obtained by the
rules of geometry, or processes of analysis, and hence is exact;
while a mechanical solution is one obtained by trial, by actual
measurements, with instruments, etc., and is only approximate and
empirical. Geometrical curve. Same as Algebraic curve; -- so called
because their different points may be constructed by the operations
of elementary geometry.
 -- Geometric lathe, an instrument for engraving bank notes, etc.,
with complicated patterns of interlacing lines; -- called also
cycloidal engine.
 -- Geometrical pace, a measure of five feet.
 -- Geometric pen, an instrument for drawing geometric curves, in
which the movements of a pen or pencil attached to a revolving arm of
ajustable length may be indefinitely varied by changing the toothed
wheels which give motion to the arm.
 -- Geometrical plane (Persp.), the same as Ground plane .
 -- Geometrical progression, proportion, ratio. See under
Progression, Proportion and Ratio.
 -- Geometrical radius, in gearing, the radius of the pitch circle of
a cogwheel. Knight.
 -- Geometric spider (Zoöl.), one of many species of spiders, which
spin a geometrical web. They mostly belong to Epeira and allied
genera, as the garden spider. See Garden spider.
 -- Geometric square, a portable instrument in the form of a square
frame for ascertaining distances and heights by measuring angles.
 -- Geometrical staircase, one in which the stairs are supported by
the wall at one end only.
 -- Geometrical tracery, in architecture and decoration, tracery
arranged in geometrical figures.

GEOMETRICALLY
Ge`o*met"ric*al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to the rules or laws of geometry.

GEOMETRICIAN
Ge*om`e*tri"cian, n.

Defn: One skilled in geometry; a geometer; a mathematician.

GEOMETRID
Ge*om"e*trid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining or belonging to the Geometridæ.

GEOMETRID
Ge*om"e*trid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of numerous genera and species of moths, of the family
Geometridæ; -- so called because their larvæ (called loopers,
measuring worms, spanworms, and inchworms) creep in a looping manner,
as if measuring. Many of the species are injurious to agriculture, as
the cankerworms.

GEOMETRIZE
Ge*om"e*trize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geometrized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Geometrizing.]

Defn: To investigate or apprehend geometrical quantities or laws; to
make geometrical constructions; to proceed in accordance with the
principles of geometry.
Nature geometrizeth, and observeth order in all things. Sir T.
Browne.

GEOMETRY
Ge*om"e*try, n; pl. Geometries Etym: [F. géométrie, L. geometria, fr.
Gr. Geometer.]

1. That branch of mathematics which investigates the relations,
properties, and measurement of solids, surfaces, lines, and angles;
the science which treats of the properties and relations of
magnitudes; the science of the relations of space.

2. A treatise on this science. Analytical, or Coördinate, geometry,
that branch of mathematical analysis which has for its object the
analytical investigation of the relations and properties of
geometrical magnitudes.
 -- Descriptive geometry, that part of geometry which treats of the
graphic solution of all problems involving three dimensions.
 -- Elementary geometry, that part of geometry which treats of the
simple properties of straight lines, circles, plane surface, solids
bounded by plane surfaces, the sphere, the cylinder, and the right
cone.
 -- Higher geometry, that pert of geometry which treats of those
properties of straight lines, circles, etc., which are less simple in
their relations, and of curves and surfaces of the second and higher
degrees.

GEOPHAGISM
Ge*oph"a*gism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The act or habit of eating earth. See Dirt eating, under Dirt.
Dunglison.

GEOPHAGIST
Ge*oph"a*gist, n.

Defn: One who eats earth, as dirt, clay, chalk, etc.

GEOPHAGOUS
Ge*oph"a*gous, a.

Defn: Earth-eating.

GEOPHILA
Ge*oph"i*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Mollusca which includes the land snails and
slugs.

GEOPONIC; GEOPONICAL
Ge`o*pon"ic, Ge`o*pon"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. géoponique.]

Defn: Pertaining to tillage of the earth, or agriculture.

GEOPONICS
Ge`o*pon"ics, n. Etym: [Gr. géoponique.]

Defn: The art or science of cultivating the earth; agriculture.
Evelin.

GEORAMA
Ge`o*ra"ma, n. Etym: [Gr. géorama.]

Defn: A hollow globe on the inner surface of which a map of the world
is depicted, to be examined by one standing inside.

GEORDIE
Geor"die, n.

Defn: A name given by miners to George Stephenson's safety lamp.
Raymond.

GEORGE
George, n. Etym: [F. George, or Georges, a proper name, fr. Gr. work.
See Work.]

1. A figure of St. George (the patron saint of England) on horseback,
appended to the collar of the Order of the Garter. See Garter.

2. A kind of brown loaf. [Obs.] Dryden.

GEORGE NOBLE
George" no`ble. Etym: [So called from the image of St. George on it.]

Defn: A gold noble of the time of Henry VIII. See Noble, n.

GEORGIAN
Geor"gi*an, a.

1. Of or pertaining to Georgia, in Asia, or to Georgia, one of the
United States.

2. Of or relating to the reigns of the four Georges, kings of Great
Britan; as, the Georgian era.

GEORGIAN
Geor"gi*an, n.

Defn: A native of, or dweller in, Georgia.

GEORGIAN ARCHITECTURE
Georgian architecture.

Defn: British or British colonial architecture of the period of the
four Georges, especially that of the period before 1800.

GEORGIC
Geor"gic, n. Etym: [L. georgicum (sc. carmen), and georgica, pl., Gr.
géorgiques, pl. See Georgic, a.]

Defn: A rural poem; a poetical composition on husbandry, containing
rules for cultivating lands, etc.; as, the Georgics of Virgil.

GEORGIC; GEORGICAL
Geor"gic, Geor"gic*al, a. Etym: [L. georgicus, Gr. géorgique. See
George.]

Defn: Relating to agriculture and rural affairs.

GEORGIUM SIDUS
Geor"gi*um Si`dus. Etym: [NL., the star of George (III. of England).]
(Astron.)

Defn: The planet Uranus, so named by its discoverer, Sir W. Herschel.

GEOSCOPY
Ge*os"co*py, n. Etym: [Gr. -scopy: cf. F. géoscopie.]

Defn: Knowledge of the earth, ground, or soil, obtained by
inspection. Chambers.

GEOSELENIC
Ge`o*se*len"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the earth and moon; belonging to the joint action
or mutual relations of the earth and moon; as, geoselenic phenomena.

GEOSTATIC
Ge`o*stat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. static.] (Civil Engin.)

Defn: Relating to the pressure exerted by earth or similar substance.
Geostatic arch, an arch having a form adapted to sustain pressure
similar to that exerted by earth. Rankine.

GEOSYNCLINAL
Ge`o*syn*cli"nal, n. Etym: [Gr. synclinal.] (Geol.)

Defn: the downward bend or subsidence of the earth's crust, which
allows of the gradual accumulation of sediment, and hence forms the
first step in the making of a mountain range; -- opposed to
geanticlinal.

GEOTHERMOMETER
Ge`o*ther*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. thermometer.] (Physics)

Defn: A thermometer specially constructed for measuring temperetures
at a depth below the surface of the ground.

GEOTIC
Ge*ot"ic a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Belonging to earth; terrestrial. [Obs.] Bailey.

GEOTROPIC
Ge`o*trop"ic, a. Etym: [See Geotropism.] (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to, or showing, geotropism.

GEOTROPISM
Ge*ot"ro*pism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A disposition to turn or incline towards the earth; the
influence of gravity in determining the direction of growth of an
organ.

Note: In plants, organs which grow towards the center of the earth
are said to be positively geotropic, and those growing in the
opposite direction negatively geotropic. In animals, geotropism is
supposed by some to have an influence either direct or indirect on
the plane of division of the ovum.

GEPHYREA
Ge*phyr"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of marine Annelida, in which the body is imperfectly,
or not at all, annulated externally, and is mostly without setæ.

GEPHYREAN
Ge*phyr"e*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Gephyrea.
 -- n. One of the Gerphyrea.

GEPHYREOID
Ge*phyr"e*oid, a. & n. Etym: [Gephyrea + -oid.]

Defn: Gephyrean.

GEPOUND
Ge*pound", n.

Defn: See Gipoun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GERAH
Ge"rah, n. Etym: [Heb. g, lit., a bean.] (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: A small coin and weight; 1-20th of a shekel.

Note: The silver gerah is supposed to have been worth about three
cents; the gold about fifty-four cents; the weight equivalent to
about thirteen grains.

GERANIACEOUS
Ge*ra`ni*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of pants (Geraniaceæ) which
includes the genera Geranium, Pelargonium, and many others.

GERANIINE; GERANINE
Ge*ra"ni*ine, Ger"a*nine, n. Etym: [See Geranium.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A valuable astringet obtained from the root of the Geranium
maculatum or crane's-bill.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid terpene, obtained from the crane's-bill (Geranium
maculatum), and having a peculiar mulberry odor. [Written also
geranium.]

GERANIUM
Ge*ra"ni*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. géranium. See Crane, n.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants having a beaklike tours or receptacle, around
which the seed capsules are arranged, and membranous projections, or
stipules, at the joints. Most of the species have showy flowers and a
pungent odor. Called sometimes crane's-bill.

2. (Floriculture)

Defn: A cultivated pelargonium.

Note: Many plants referred to the genus Geranium by the earlier
botanists are now separated from it under the name of Pelargonium,
which includes all the commonly cultivated "geraniums", mostly
natives of South Africa.

GERANT
Ge"rant, n. Etym: [F. gérant.]

Defn: The manager or acting partner of a company, joint-stock
association, etc.

GERBE
Gerbe, n. Etym: [F., prop. a sheaf.] (Pyrotechny)

Defn: A kind of ornamental firework. Farrow.

GERBIL; GERBILLE
Ger"bil, Ger`bille", n. Etym: [F. gerbille. Cf. Jerboa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of small, jumping, murine rodents, of
the genus Gerbillus. In their leaping powers they resemble the
jerboa. They inhabit Africa, India, and Southern Europe.

GERBOA
Ger*bo"a, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The jerboa.

GERE
Gere, n.

Defn: Gear. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GERENT
Ge"rent, a. Etym: [L. gerens, p. pr. of gerere to bear, manage.]

Defn: Bearing; carrying. [Obs.] Bailey.

GERFALCON
Ger"fal`con, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Gyrfalcon.

GERFUL
Ger"ful, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. girer to twirl, E. gyrate.]

Defn: Changeable; capricious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GERLAND; GERLOND
Ger"land, Ger"lond, n.

Defn: A garland. [Obs.]

GERLIND
Ger"lind, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A salmon returning from the sea the second time. [Prov. Eng.]

GERM
Germ, n. Etym: [F. germe, fr. L. germen, germinis, sprout, but, germ.
Cf. Germen, Germane.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: That which is to develop a new individual; as, the germ of a
fetus, of a plant or flower, and the like; the earliest form under
which an organism appears.
In the entire process in which a new being originates . . . two
distinct classes of action participate; namely, the act of generation
by which the germ is produced; and the act of development, by which
that germ is evolved into the complete organism. Carpenter.

2. That from which anything springs; origin; first principle; as, the
germ of civil liberty. Disease germ (Biol.), a name applied to
certain tiny bacterial organisms or their spores, such as Anthrax
bacillus and the Micrococcus of fowl cholera, which have been
demonstrated to be the cause of certain diseases. See Germ theory
(bellow).
 -- Germ cell (Biol.), the germ, egg, spore, or cell from which the
plant or animal arises. At one time a part of the body of the parent,
it finally becomes detached,and by a process of multiplication and
growth gives rise to a mass of cells, which ultimately form a new
individual like the parent. See Ovum.
 -- Germ gland. (Anat.) See Gonad.
 -- Germ stock (Zoöl.), a special process on which buds are developed
in certain animals. See Doliolum.
 -- Germ theory (Biol.), the theory that living organisms can be
produced only by the evolution or development of living germs or
seeds. See Biogenesis, and Abiogenesis. As applied to the origin of
disease, the theory claims that the zymotic diseases are due to the
rapid development and multiplication of various bacteria, the germs
or spores of which are either contained in the organism itself, or
transferred through the air or water. See Fermentation theory.

GERM
Germ, v. i.

Defn: To germinate. [R.] J. Morley.

GERMAIN
Ger*main", a. [Obs.]

Defn: See Germane.

GERMAN
Ger"man, a. Etym: [OE. german, germain, F. germain, fr. L. germanus
full, own (said of brothers and sisters who have the same parents);
akin to germen germ. Cf. Germ, Germane.]

Defn: Nearly related; closely akin.
Wert thou a leopard, thou wert german to the lion. Shak.
Brother german. See Brother german.
 -- Cousins german. See the Note under Cousin.

GERMAN
Ger"man, n.; pl. Germans Etym: [L. Germanus, prob. of Celtis origin.]

1. A native or one of the people of Germany.

2. The German language.

3.
(a) A round dance, often with a waltz movement, abounding in
capriciosly involved figures.
(b) A social party at which the german is danced. High German, the
Teutonic dialect of Upper or Southern Germany, -- comprising Old High
German, used from the 8th to the 11th century; Middle H. G., from the
12th to the 15th century; and Modern or New H. G., the language of
Luther's Bible version and of modern German literature. The dialects
of Central Germany, the basis of the modern literary language, are
often called Middle German, and the Southern German dialects Upper
German; but High German is also used to cover both groups.
 -- Low German, the language of Northern Germany and the Netherlands,
-- including Friesic; Anglo-Saxon or Saxon; Old Saxon; Dutch or Low
Dutch, with its dialect, Flemish; and Plattdeutsch (called also Low
German), spoken in many dialects.

GERMAN
Ger"man, a. Etym: [L. Germanus. See German, n.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Germany. German Baptists. See Dunker.
 -- German bit, a wood-boring tool, having a long elliptical pod and
a scew point.
 -- German carp (Zoöl.), the crucian carp.
 -- German millet (Bot.), a kind of millet (Setaria Italica, var.),
whose seed is sometimes used for food.
 -- German paste, a prepared food for caged birds.
 -- German process (Metal.), the process of reducing copper ore in a
blast furnace, after roasting, if necessary. Raymond.
 -- German sarsaparilla, a substitute for sarsaparilla extract.
 -- German sausage, a polony, or gut stuffed with meat partly cooked.
 -- German silver (Chem.), a silver-white alloy, hard and tough, but
malleable and ductile, and quite permanent in the air. It contains
nickel, copper, and zinc in varying proportions, and was originally
made from old copper slag at Henneberg. A small amount of iron is
sometimes added to make it whiter and harder. It is essentially
identical with the Chinese alloy packfong. It was formerly much used
for tableware, knife handles, frames, cases, bearings of machinery,
etc., but is now largely superseded by other white alloys.
 -- German steel (Metal.), a metal made from bog iron ore in a forge,
with charcoal for fuel.
 -- German text (Typog.), a character resembling modern German type,
used in English printing for ornamental headings, etc., as in the
words,

Note: This line is German Text.
 -- German tinder. See Amadou.

GERMANDER
Ger*man"der, n. Etym: [OE. germaunder, F. germandrée, It.
calamandrea, L. chamaedrys, fr. Gr.Humble, and Tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Teucrium (esp. Teucrium Chamædrys or wall
germander), mintlike herbs and low shrubs. American germander,
Teucrium Canadense.
 -- Germander chickweed, Veronica agrestis.
 -- Water germander, Teucrium Scordium.
 -- Wood germander, Teucrium Scorodonia.

GERMANE
Ger*mane", a. Etym: [See German akin, nearly related.]

Defn: Literally, near akin; hence, closely allied; appropriate or
fitting; relevant.
The phrase would be more germane to the matter. Shak.
[An amendment] must be germane. Barclay (Digest).

GERMANIC
Ger*man"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, germanium.

GERMANIC
Ger*man"ic, a. Etym: [L. Germanicus: cf. F. germanique. See German,
n.]

1. Of or pertaining to Germany; as, the Germanic confederacy.

2. Teutonic. [A loose sense]

GERMANISM
Ger"man*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. germanisme.]

1. An idiom of the German language.

2. A characteristic of the Germans; a characteristic German mode,
doctrine, etc.; rationalism. J. W. Alexander.

GERMANIUM
Ger*ma"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Germania Germany.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare element, recently discovered (1885), in a silver ore
(argyrodite) at Freiberg. It is a brittle, silver-white metal,
chemically intermediate between the metals and nonmetals, resembles
tin, and is in general identical with the predicted ekasilicon.
Symbol Ge. Atomic weight 72.3.

GERMANIZATION
Ger`man*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of Germanizing. M. Arnold.

GERMANIZE
Ger"man*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Germanized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Germanizing.]

Defn: To make German, or like what is distinctively German; as, to
Germanize a province, a language, a society.

GERMANIZE
Ger"man*ize, v. i.

Defn: To reason or write after the manner of the Germans.

GERMARIUM
Ger*ma"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Germ.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An organ in which the ova are developed in certain Turbellaria.

GERM CELL
Germ cell. (Biol.)

Defn: A cell, of either sex, directly concerned in the production of
a new organism.

GERMEN
Ger"men, n.; pl. E. Germens, L. Germina. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Germ.

GERMICIDAL
Ger"mi*ci`dal, a.

Defn: Germicide.

GERMICIDE
Ger"mi*cide, a. Etym: [Germ +L. caedere to kill.] (Biol.)

Defn: Destructive to germs; -- applied to any agent which has a
destructive action upon living germs, particularly bacteria, or
bacterial germs, which are considered the cause of many infectious
diseases.
 -- n.

Defn: A germicide agent.

GERMINAL
Ger"mi*nal, a. Etym: [See Germ.]

Defn: Pertaining or belonging to a germ; as, the germinal vesicle.
Germinal layers (Biol.), the two layers of cells, the ectoblast and
entoblast, which form respectively the outer covering and inner wall
of the gastrula. A third layer of cells, the mesoblast, which is
formed later and lies between these two, is sometimes included.
 -- Germinal membrane. (Biol.) Same as Blastoderm.
 -- Germinal spot (Biol.), the nucleolus of the ovum.
 -- Germinal vesicle, (Biol.) , the nucleus of the ovum of animals.

GERMINAL
Ger`mi*nal", n. Etym: [F. See Germ .]

Defn: The seventh month of the French republican calendar [1792 --
1806]. It began March 21 and ended April 19. See VendÉmiaire.

GERMINANT
Ger"mi*nant, a. Etym: [L. germinans, p. pr.]

Defn: Sprouting; sending forth germs or buds.

GERMINATE
Ger"mi*nate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Germinated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Germinating.] Etym: [L. germinatus, p. p. of germinare to sprout, fr.
germen. See Germ.]

Defn: To sprout; to bud; to shoot; to begin to vegetate, as a plant
or its seed; to begin to develop, as a germ. Bacon.

GERMINATE
Ger"mi*nate, v. t.

Defn: To cause to sprout. Price (1610).

GERMINATION
Ger`mi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. germinatio: cf. F. germination.]

Defn: The process of germinating; the beginning of vegetation or
growth in a seed or plant; the first development of germs, either
animal or vegetable. Germination apparatus, an apparatus for malting
grain.

GERMINATIVE
Ger"mi*na*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. germinatif.]

Defn: Pertaining to germination; having power to bud or develop.
Germinative spot, Germinative vesicle. (Biol.) Same as Germinal spot,
Germinal vesicle, under Germinal.

GERMIPARITY
Ger`mi*par"i*ty, n. Etym: [Germ + L. parere to produce.] (Biol.)

Defn: Reproduction by means of germs.

GERMLESS
Germ"less, a.

Defn: Without germs.

GERMOGEN
Ger"mo*gen, n. Etym: [Germ + -gen.] (Biol.)
(a) A polynuclear mass of protoplasm, not divided into separate
cells, from which certain ova are developed. Balfour.
(b) The primitive cell in certain embryonic forms. Balfour.

GERM PLASM
Germ" plasm`, (Biol.)

Defn: See Plasmogen, and Idioplasm.

GERM THEORY
Germ theory.

1. (Biol.)

Defn: The theory that living organisms can be produced only by the
development of living germs. Cf. Biogenesis, Abiogenesis.

2.  (Med.) The theory which attributes contagious and infectious
diseases, suppurative lesions, etc., to the agency of germs. The
science of bacteriology was developed after this theory had been
established.

GERMULE
Germ"ule, n. Etym: [Dim. fr. germ.] (Biol.)

Defn: A small germ.

GERN
Gern, v. t. Etym: [See Grin.]

Defn: To grin or yawn. [Obs.] "[/He] gaped like a gulf when he did
gern." Spenser.

GERNER
Ger"ner, n.

Defn: A garner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GEROCOMIA
Ger`o*co"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Gerocomy.

GEROCOMICAL
Ger`o*com"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to gerocomy. Dr. John Smith.

GEROCOMY
Ge*roc"o*my, n. Etym: [F. gérocomie, fr. Gr.

Defn: That part of medicine which treats of regimen for old people.

GERONTES
Ge*ron"tes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: Magistrates in Sparta, who with the ephori and kings,
constituted the supreme civil authority.

GERONTOCRACY
Ger`on*toc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Government by old men. [R.] Gladstone.

GEROPIGIA
Ger`o*pig"i*a, n. Etym: [Pg. geropiga.]

Defn: A mixture composed of unfermented grape juice, brandy, sugar,
etc., for adulteration of wines. [Written also jerupigia.]

-GEROUS
-ger*ous. Etym: [L. -ger, fr. gerere to bear, carry. See Jest.]

Defn: A suffix signifying bearing, producing; as, calcigerous;
dentigerous.

GERRYMANDER
Ger`ry*man"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gerrymandered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gerrymandering.]

Defn: To divide (a State) into districts for the choice of
representatives, in an unnatural and unfair way, with a view to give
a political party an advantage over its opponent. [Political Cant, U.
S.]

Note: This was done in Massachusetts at a time when Elbridge Gerry
was governor, and was attributed to his influence, hence the name;
though it is now known that he was opposed to the measure. Bartlett.

GERUND
Ger"und, n. Etym: [L. gerundium, fr. gerere to bear, carry, perform.
See Gest a deed, Jest.] (Lat. Gram.)

1. A kind of verbal noun, having only the four oblique cases of the
singular number, and governing cases like a participle.

2. (AS. Gram.)

Defn: A verbal noun ending in -e, preceded by to and usually denoting
purpose or end; -- called also the dative infinitive; as, "Ic hæbbe
mete tô etanne" (I have meat to eat.) In Modern English the name has
been applied to verbal or participal nouns in -ing denoting a
transitive action; e. g., by throwing a stone.

GERUNDIAL
Ge*run"di*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a gerund; as, a gerundial use.

GERUNDIVE
Ge*run"dive, a. Etym: [L. gerundivus.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or partaking of, the nature of the gerund;
gerundial.
 -- n. (Lat. Gram.)

Defn: The future passive participle; as, amandus, i. e., to be loved.

GERUNDIVELY
Ge*run"dive*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a gerund; as, or in place of, a gerund.

GERY
Ger"y, a. Etym: [See Gerful.]

Defn: Changeable; fickle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GESLING
Ges"ling, n.

Defn: A gosling. [Prov. Eng.]

GESSE
Gesse, v. t. & i.

Defn: To guess. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GESSO
Ges"so, n. [It., chalk, plaster.]

1. Plaster of Paris, or gypsum, esp. as prepared for use in painting,
or in making bas-reliefs and the like; by extension, a plasterlike or
pasty material spread upon a surface to fit it for painting or
gilding, or a surface so prepared.

2.  A work of art done in gesso. [Obs.]

GESSO DURO
Ges"so du"ro. [It., hard plaster.]

Defn: A variety of gesso which when dried becomes hard and durable,
often used in making bas-relief casts, which are colored and mounted
in elaborate frames.

GEST
Gest, n.

Defn: A guest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GEST
Gest, n. Etym: [OF. geste exploit. See Jest.]

1. Something done or achieved; a deed or an action; an adventure.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

2. An action represented in sports, plays, or on the stage; show;
ceremony. [Obs.] Mede.

3. A tale of achievements or adventures; a stock story. [Obs.]
Chaucer. Spenser.

4. Gesture; bearing; deportment. [Archaic]
Through his heroic grace and honorable gest. Spenser.

GEST
Gest, n. Etym: [Cf. Gist a resting place.]

1. A stage in traveling; a stop for rest or lodging in a journey or
progress; a rest. [Obs.] Kersey.

2. A roll recting the several stages arranged for a royal progress.
Many of them are extant in the herald's office. [Obs.] Hanmer.

GESTANT
Ges"tant, a. Etym: [L. gestans, p. pr. of gestare.]

Defn: Bearing within; laden; burdened; pregnant. [R.] "Clouds gestant
with heat." Mrs. Browning.

GESTATION
Ges*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. gestatio a bearing, carrying, fr. gestare
to bear, carry, intens. fr. gerere, gestum, to bear: cf. F.
gestation. See Gest deed, Jest.]

1. The act of wearing (clothes or ornaments). [Obs.]

2. The act of carrying young in the womb from conception to delivery;
pregnancy.

3. Exercise in which one is borne or carried, as on horseback, or in
a carriage, without the exertion of his own powers; passive exercise.
Dunglison.

GESTATORY
Ges"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. gestatorius that serves for carrying: cf.
F. gestatoire.]

1. Pertaining to gestation or pregnancy.

2. Capable of being carried or worn. [Obs. or R.]

GESTE
Geste, v. i.

Defn: To tell stories or gests. [Obs.]

GESTIC
Ges"tic, a. Etym: [See Gest a deed, Gesture.]

1. Pertaining to deeds or feats of arms; legendary.
And the gay grandsire, skilled in gestic lore. Goldsmith.

2. Relating to bodily motion; consisting of gestures; -- said
especially with reference to dancing.
Carried away by the enthusiasm of the gestic art. Sir W. Scott.

GESTICULATE
Ges*tic"u*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gesticulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gesticulating.] Etym: [L. gesticulatus, p. p. of gesticulari to
gesticulate, fr. gesticulus a mimic gesture, gesticulation, dim. of
gestus gesture, fr. gerere, gestum, to bear, carry, peform. See
Gestic.]

Defn: To make gestures or motions, as in speaking; to use postures.
Sir T. Herbert.

GESTICULATE
Ges*tic"u*late, v. t.

Defn: To represent by gesture; to act. [R.] B. Jonson.

GESTICULATION
Ges*tic`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. gesticulatio: cf. F. gesticulation.]

1. The act of gesticulating, or making gestures to express passion or
enforce sentiments.

2. A gesture; a motion of the body or limbs in speaking, or in
representing action or passion, and enforcing arguments and
sentiments. Macaulay.

3. Antic tricks or motions. B. Jonson.

GESTICULATOR
Ges*tic"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who gesticulates.

GESTICULATORY
Ges*tic"u*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Representing by, or belonging to, gestures. T. Warton.

GESTOUR
Ges"tour, n. Etym: [See Gest a deed.]

Defn: A reciter of gests or legendary tales; a story-teller. [Obs.]
Minstrels and gestours for to tell tales. Chaucer.

GESTURAL
Ges"tur*al, a.

Defn: Relating to gesture.

GESTURE
Ges"ture, n. Etym: [LL. gestura mode of action, fr. L. gerere,
gestum, to bear, behave, perform, act. See Gest a deed.]

1. Manner of carrying the body; position of the body or limbs;
posture. [Obs.]
Accubation, or lying down at meals, was a gesture used by many
nations. Sir T. Browne.

2. A motion of the body or limbs expressive of sentiment or passion;
any action or posture intended to express an idea or a passion, or to
enforce or emphasize an argument, assertion, or opinion.
Humble and reverent gestures. Hooker.
Grace was in all her steps, heaven in her eye, In every gesture
dignity and love. Milton.

GESTURE
Ges"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gestured; p. pr. & vb. n. Gesturing.]

Defn: To accompany or illustrate with gesture or action; to
gesticulate.
It is not orderly read, nor gestured as beseemeth. Hooker.

GESTURE
Ges"ture, v. i.

Defn: To make gestures; to gesticulate.
The players . . . gestured not undecently withal. Holland.

GESTURELESS
Ges"ture*less, a.

Defn: Free from gestures.

GESTUREMENT
Ges"ture*ment, n.

Defn: Act of making gestures; gesturing. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

GET
Get, n.

Defn: Jet, the mineral. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GET
Get, n. Etym: [OF. get.]

1. Fashion; manner; custom. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Artifice; contrivance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GET
Get, v. t. [imp. Got (Obs. Gat (); p. p. Got (Obsolescent Gotten); p.
pr. & vb. n. Getting.] Etym: [OE. geten, AS. gitan, gietan (in
comp.); akin to Icel. geta, Goth. bigitan to find, L. prehendere to
seize, take, Gr. Comprehend, Enterprise, Forget, Impregnable,
Prehensile.]

1. To procure; to obtain; to gain possession of; to acquire; to earn;
to obtain as a price or reward; to come by; to win, by almost any
means; as, to get favor by kindness; to get wealth by industry and
economy; to get favor by kindness; to get wealth by industry and
economy; to get land by purchase, etc.

2. Hence, with have and had, to come into or be in possession of; to
have. Johnson.
Thou hast got the face of man. Herbert.

3. To beget; to procreate; to generate.
I had rather to adopt a child than get it. Shak.

4. To obtain mental possession of; to learn; to commit to memory; to
memorize; as to get a lesson; also with out; as, to get out one's
Greek lesson.
It being harder with him to get one sermon by heart, than to pen
twenty. Bp. Fell.

5. To prevail on; to induce; to persuade.
Get him to say his prayers. Shak.

6. To procure to be, or to cause to be in any state or condition; --
with a following participle.
Those things I bid you do; get them dispatched. Shak.

7. To betake; to remove; -- in a reflexive use.
Get thee out from this land. Gen. xxxi. 13.
He . . . got himself . . . to the strong town of Mega. Knolles.

Note: Get, as a transitive verb, is combined with adverbs implying
motion, to express the causing to, or the effecting in, the object of
the verb, of the kind of motion indicated by the preposition; thus,
to get in, to cause to enter, to bring under shelter; as, to get in
the hay; to get out, to make come forth, to extract; to get off, to
take off, to remove; to get together, to cause to come together, to
collect. To get by heart, to commit to memory.
 -- To get the better of, To get the best of, to obtain an advantage
over; to surpass; to subdue.
 -- To get up, to cause to be established or to exit; to prepare; to
arrange; to construct; to invent; as, to get up a celebration, a
machine, a book, an agitation.

Syn.
 -- To obtain; gain; win; acquire. See Obtain.

GET
Get, v. i.

1. To make acquisition; to gain; to profit; to receive accessions; to
be increased.
We mourn, France smiles; we lose, they daily get. Shak.

2. To arrive at, or bring one's self into, a state, condition, or
position; to come to be; to become; -- with a following adjective or
past participle belonging to the subject of the verb; as, to get
sober; to get awake; to get beaten; to get elected.
To get rid of fools and scoundrels. Pope.
His chariot wheels get hot by driving fast. Coleridge.

Note: It [get] gives to the English language a middle voice, or a
power of verbal expression which is neither active nor passive. Thus
we say to get acquitted, beaten, confused, dressed. Earle.

Note: Get, as an intransitive verb, is used with a following
preposition, or adverb of motion, to indicate, on the part of the
subject of the act, movement or action of the kind signified by the
preposition or adverb; or, in the general sense, to move, to stir, to
make one's way, to advance, to arrive, etc.; as, to get away, to
leave to escape; to disengage one's self from; to get down, to
descend, esp. with effort, as from a literal or figurative elevation;
to get along, to make progress; hence, to prosper, succeed, or fare;
to get in, to enter; to get out, to extricate one's self, to escape;
to get through, to traverse; also, to finish, to be done; to get to,
to arrive at, to reach; to get off, to alight, to descend from, to
dismount; also, to escape, to come off clear; to get together, to
assemble, to convene. To get ahead, to advance; to prosper.
 -- To get along, to proceed; to advance; to prosper.
 -- To get a mile (or other distance), to pass over it in traveling.
 -- To get among, to go or come into the company of; to become one of
a number.
 -- To get asleep, to fall asleep.
 -- To get astray, to wander out of the right way.
 -- To get at, to reach; to make way to. To get away with, to carry
off; to capture; hence, to get the better of; to defeat.
 -- To get back, to arrive at the place from which one departed; to
return.
 -- To get before, to arrive in front, or more forward.
 -- To get behind, to fall in the rear; to lag.
 -- To get between, to arrive between.
 -- To get beyond, to pass or go further than; to exceed; to surpass.
"Three score and ten is the age of man, a few get beyond it."
Thackeray.
 -- To get clear, to disengage one's self; to be released, as from
confinement, obligation, or burden; also, to be freed from danger or
embarrassment.
 -- To get drunk, to become intoxicated.
 -- To get forward, to proceed; to advance; also, to prosper; to
advance in wealth.
 -- To get home, to arrive at one's dwelling, goal, or aim.
 -- To get into. (a) To enter, as, "she prepared to get into the
coach." Dickens. (b) To pass into, or reach; as, " as, " a language
has got into the inflated state." Keary.
 -- To get loose or free, to disengage one's self; to be released
from confinement.
 -- To get near, to approach within a small distance.
 -- To get on, to proceed; to advance; to prosper.
 -- To get over. (a) To pass over, surmount, or overcome, as an
obstacle or difficulty. (b) To recover from, as an injury, a
calamity.
 -- To get through. (a) To pass through something. (b) To finish what
one was doing.
 -- To get up. (a) To rise; to arise, as from a bed, chair, etc. (b)
To ascend; to climb, as a hill, a tree, a flight of stairs, etc.

GET
Get, n.

Defn: Offspring; progeny; as, the get of a stallion.

GETEN
Get"en, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Get. Chaucer.

GETH
Geth,

Defn: the original third pers. sing. pres. of Go. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GET-PENNY
Get"-pen`ny, n.

Defn: Something which gets or gains money; a successful affair.
[Colloq.] Chapman.

GETTABLE
Get"ta*ble, a.

Defn: That may be obtained. [R.]

GETTER
Get"ter, n.

Defn: One who gets, gains, obtains, acquires, begets, or procreates.

GETTERUP
Get"ter*up`, n.

Defn: One who contrives, makes, or arranges for, anything, as a book,
a machine, etc. [Colloq.]
A diligent getter-up of miscellaneous works. W. Irving.

GETTING
Get"ting, n.

1. The act of obtaining or acquiring; acquisition.
With all thy getting, get understanding. Prov. iv. 7.

2. That which is got or obtained; gain; profit.

GET-UP
Get"-up, n.

Defn: General composition or structure; manner in which the parts of
a thing are combined; make-up; style of dress, etc. [Colloq.] H.
Kingsley.

GEUSDISM
Geusd"ism (ged"iz'm), n.

Defn: The Marxian socialism and programme of reform through
revolution as advocated by the French political leader Jules Basile
Guesde (pron. ged) (1845- ). -- Guesd"ist (#), n. & a.

GEWGAW
Gew"gaw, n. Etym: [OE. gigawe, gugawe, gewgaude, prob. the same word
as OE. givegove gewgaw, apparently a reduplicated form fr. AS. gifan
to give; cf. also F. joujou plaything, and E. gaud, n. See Give, and
cf. Giffgaff.]

Defn: A showy trifle; a toy; a splendid plaything; a pretty but
worthless bauble.
A heavy gewgaw called a crown. Dryden.

GEWGAW
Gew"gaw, a.

Defn: Showy; unreal; pretentious.
Seeing his gewgaw castle shine. Tennyson.

GEYSER
Gey"ser, n. Etym: [Icel. geysir, fr. geysa to rush furiously, fr. gj
to gush. Cf. Gush.]

Defn: A boiling spring which throws forth at frequent intervals jets
of water, mud, etc., driven up by the expansive power of steam.

Note: Geysers were first known in Iceland, and later in New Zealand.
In the Yellowstone region in the United States they are numerous, and
some of them very powerful, throwing jets of boiling water and steam
to a height of 200 feet. They are grouped in several areas called
geyser basins. The mineral matter, or geyserite, with which geyser
water is charged, forms geyser cones about the orifice, often of
great size and beauty.

GEYSERITE
Gey"ser*ite, n. Etym: [From Geyser.] (Min.)

Defn: A loose hydrated form of silica, a variety of opal, deposited
in concretionary cauliflowerlike masses, around some hot springs and
geysers.

GHARRY
Ghar"ry, n. Etym: [Hind. ga.]

Defn: Any wheeled cart or carriage. [India]

GHAST
Ghast, v. t. Etym: [OE. gasten. See Ghastly, a.]

Defn: To strike aghast; to affright. [Obs.]
Ghasted by the noise I made. Full suddenly he fled. Shak.

GHASTFUL
Ghast"ful, a. Etym: [See Ghastly, a.]

Defn: Fit to make one aghast; dismal. [Obs.] -- Ghast"ful*ly, adv.

GHASTLINESS
Ghast"li*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being ghastly; a deathlike look.

GHASTLY
Ghast"ly, a. [Compar. Ghastlier; superl. Ghastliest.] Etym: [OE.
gastlich, gastli, fearful, causing fear, fr. gasten to terrify, AS.
gæstan. Cf. Aghast, Gast, Gaze, Ghostly.]

1. Like a ghost in appearance; deathlike; pale; pallid; dismal.
Each turned his face with a ghastly pang. Coleridge.
His face was so ghastly that it could scarcely be recognized.
Macaulay.

2. Horrible; shocking; dreadful; hideous.
Mangled with ghastly wounds through plate and mail. Milton.

GHASTLY
Ghast"ly, adv.

Defn: In a ghastly manner; hideously.
Staring full ghastly like a strangled man. Shak.

GHASTNESS
Ghast"ness, n.

Defn: Ghastliness. [Obs.] Shak.

GHAT; GHAUT
Ghat Ghaut, n. Etym: [Hind. ghat.]

1. A pass through a mountain. [India] J. D. Hooker.

2. A range of mountains. Balfour (Cyc. of Ind. ).

3. Stairs descending to a river; a landing place; a wharf. [India]
Malcom.

GHAWAZI
Gha*wa"zi, n. pl. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Egyptian dancing girls, of a lower sort than the almeh.

GHAZAL; GHAZEL
Ghaz"al, Ghaz"el, n. [Ar. ghazal.]

Defn: A kind of Oriental lyric, and usually erotic, poetry, written
in recurring rhymes.

GHAZI
Gha"zi, n. [Ar. ghazi.]

Defn: Among Mohammedans, a warrior champion or veteran, esp. in the
destruction of infidels.

GHEBER; GHEBRE
Ghe"ber Ghe"bre, n. Etym: [Pers. ghebr: cf. F. Guèbre. Cf. Giaour.]

Defn: A worshiper of fire; a Zoroastrian; a Parsee.

GHEE
Ghee, n. Etym: [Hind. ghi clarified butter, Skr. gh.]

Defn: Butter clarified by boiling, and thus converted into a kind of
oil. [India] Malcom.

GHERKIN
Gher"kin, n. Etym: [D. agurkje, a dim. akin to G. gurke, Dan. ag; cf.
Pol. ogórek, Bohem. okurka, LGr. al-khiyar, Per. khiyar.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of small, prickly cucumber, much used for pickles.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Sea gherkin.

GHESS
Ghess, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Guess. [Obs.]

GHETTO
Ghet"to, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: The Jews'quarter in an Italian town or city.
I went to the Ghetto, where the Jews dwell. Evelyn.

GHIBELLINE
Ghib"el*line, n. Etym: [It. Ghibellino; of German origin.] (It.
Hist.)

Defn: One of a faction in Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries,
which favored the German emperors, and opposed the Guelfs, or
adherents of the poses. Brande & C.

GHOLE
Ghole, n.

Defn: See Ghoul.

GHOST
Ghost, n. Etym: [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath,
spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and
prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]

1. The spirit; the soul of man. [Obs.]
Then gives her grieved ghost thus to lament. Spenser.

2. The disembodied soul; the soul or spirit of a deceased person; a
spirit appearing after death; an apparition; a specter.
The mighty ghosts of our great Harrys rose. Shak.
I thought that I had died in sleep, And was a blessed ghost.
Coleridge.

3. Any faint shadowy semblance; an unsubstantial image; a phantom; a
glimmering; as, not a ghost of a chance; the ghost of an idea.
Each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Poe.

4. A false image formed in a telescope by reflection from the
surfaces of one or more lenses. Ghost moth (Zoöl.), a large European
moth (Hepialus humuli); so called from the white color of the male,
and the peculiar hovering flight; -- called also great swift.
 -- Holy Ghost, the Holy Spirit; the Paraclete; the Comforter;
(Theol.) the third person in the Trinity.
 -- To give up or yield up the ghost, to die; to expire.
And he gave up the ghost full softly. Chaucer.
Jacob . . . yielded up the ghost, and was gathered unto his people.
Gen. xlix. 33.

GHOST
Ghost, v. i.

Defn: To die; to expire. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

GHOST
Ghost, v. t.

Defn: To appear to or haunt in the form of an apparition. [Obs.]
Shak.

GHOST DANCE
Ghost dance.

Defn: A religious dance of the North American Indians, participated
in by both sexes, and looked upon as a rite of invocation the purpose
of which is, through trance and vision, to bring the dancer into
communion with the unseen world and the spirits of departed friends.
The dance is the chief rite of the Ghost-dance, or Messiah, religion,
which originated about 1890 in the doctrines of the Piute Wovoka, the
Indian Messiah, who taught that the time was drawing near when the
whole Indian race, the dead with the living, should be reunited to
live a life of millennial happiness upon a regenerated earth. The
religion inculcates peace, righteousness, and work, and holds that in
good time, without warlike intervention, the oppressive white rule
will be removed by the higher powers. The religion spread through a
majority of the western tribes of the United States, only in the case
of the Sioux, owing to local causes, leading to an outbreak.

GHOSTFISH
Ghost"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A pale ubspotted variety of the wrymouth.

GHOSTLESS
Ghost"less, a.

Defn: Without life or spirit. [R.]

GHOSTLIKE
Ghost"like`, a.

Defn: Like a ghost; ghastly.

GHOSTLINESS
Ghost"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being ghostly.

GHOSTLY
Ghost"ly, a. Etym: [OE. gastlich, gostlich, AS. gastlic. See Ghost.]

1. Relating to the soul; not carnal or secular; spiritual; as, a
ghostly confessor.
Save and defend us from our ghostly enemies. Book of Common Prayer
[Ch. of Eng. ]
One of the gostly children of St. Jerome. Jer. Taylor.

2. Of or pertaining to apparitions. Akenside.

GHOSTLY
Ghost"ly, adv.

Defn: Spiritually; mystically. Chaucer.

GHOSTOLOGY
Ghost*ol"o*gy, n.

Defn: Ghost lore. [R.]
It seemed even more unaccountable than if it had been a thing of
ghostology and witchcraft. Hawthorne.

GHOUL
Ghoul, n. Etym: [Per. gh an imaginary sylvan demon, supposed to
devour men and animals: cf. Ar. gh, F. goule.]

Defn: An imaginary evil being among Eastern nations, which was
supposed to feed upon human bodies. [Written also ghole .] Moore.

GHOULISH
Ghoul"ish, a.

Defn: Characteristic of a ghoul; vampirelike; hyenalike.

GHYLL
Ghyll, n.

Defn: A ravine. See Gill a woody glen. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Wordsworth.

GIALLOLINO
Gial`lo*li"no, n. Etym: [It., from giallo yellow, prob. fr. OHG.
gelo, G. gelb; akin to E. yellow.]

Defn: A term variously employed by early writers on art, though
commonly designating the yellow oxide of lead, or massicot. Fairholt.

GIAMBEUX
Giam"beux, n. pl. Etym: [See Jambeux.]

Defn: Greaves; armor for the legs. [Obs.] Spenser.

GIANT
Gi"ant, n. Etym: [OE. giant, geant, geaunt, OF. jaiant, geant, F.
géant, L. gigas, fr. Gr. gender, genesis. See Gender, and cf.
Gigantic.]

1. A man of extraordinari bulk and stature.
Giants of mighty bone and bold emprise. Milton.

2. A person of extraordinary strength or powers, bodily or
intellectual.

3. Any animal, plant, or thing, of extraordinary size or power.
Giant's Causeway, a vast collection of basaltic pillars, in the
county of Antrim on the northern coast of Ireland.

GIANT
Gi"ant, a.

Defn: Like a giant; extraordinary in size, strength, or power; as,
giant brothers; a giant son. Giant cell. (Anat.) See Myeloplax.
 -- Giant clam (Zoöl.), a bivalve shell of the genus Tridacna, esp.
T. gigas, which sometimes weighs 500 pounds. The shells are sometimes
used in churches to contain holy water.
 -- Giant heron (Zoöl.), a very large African heron (Ardeomega
goliath). It is the largest heron known.
 -- Giant kettle, a pothole of very large dimensions, as found in
Norway in connection with glaciers. See Pothole.
 -- Giant powder. See Nitroglycerin.
 -- Giant puffball (Bot.), a fungus (Lycoperdon giganteum), edible
when young, and when dried used for stanching wounds.
 -- Giant salamander (Zoöl.), a very large aquatic salamander
(Megalobatrachus maximus), found in Japan. It is the largest of
living Amphibia, becoming a yard long.
 -- Giant squid (Zoöl.), one of several species of very large squids,
belonging to Architeuthis and allied genera. Some are over forty feet
long.

GIANTESS
Gi"ant*ess, n.

Defn: A woman of extraordinary size.

GIANTIZE
Gi"ant*ize, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. géantiser.]

Defn: To play the giant. [R.] Sherwood.

GIANTLY
Gi"ant*ly, a.

Defn: Appropriate to a giant. [Obs.] Usher.

GIANTRY
Gi"ant*ry, n.

Defn: The race of giants. [R.] Cotgrave.

GIANTSHIP
Gi"ant*ship, n.

Defn: The state, personality, or character, of a giant; -- a
compellation for a giant.
His giantship is gone somewhat crestfallen. Milton.

GIAOUR
Giaour, n. Etym: [Turk. giaur an infidel, Per. gawr, another form of
ghebr fire worshiper. Cf. Kaffir, Gheber .]

Defn: An infidel; -- a term applied by Turks to disbelievers in the
Mohammedan religion, especially Christrians. Byron.

GIB
Gib, n. Etym: [Abbreviated fr. Gilbert, the name of the cat in the
old story of "Reynard the Fox". in the "Romaunt of the Rose", etc.]

Defn: A male cat; a tomcat. [Obs.]

GIB
Gib, v. i.

Defn: To act like a cat. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

GIB
Gib, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A piece or slip of metal or wood, notched or otherwise, in a
machine or structure, to hold other parts in place or bind them
together, or to afford a bearing surface; -- usually held or adjusted
by means of a wedge, key, or screw. Gib and key, or Gib and cotter
(Steam Engine), the fixed wedge or gib, and the driving wedge,key, or
cotter, used for tightening the strap which holds the brasses at the
end of a connecting rod.

GIB
Gib, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gibbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gibbing.]

Defn: To secure or fasten with a gib, or gibs; to provide with a gib,
or gibs. Gibbed lathe, an engine lathe in which the tool carriage is
held down to the bed by a gib instead of by a weight.

GIB
Gib, v. i.

Defn: To balk. See Jib, v. i. Youatt.

GIBARO
Gi"ba*ro, n.; pl. Gibaros (#). [Amer. Sp. jíbaro wild.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: The offspring of a Spaniard and an Indian; a Spanish-Indian
mestizo. [Sp. Amer.]

GIBBARTAS
Gib*bar"tas, n. Etym: [Cf. Ar. jebbar giant; or L. gibber humpbacked:
cf. F. gibbar.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several finback whales of the North Atlantic; -- called
also Jupiter whale. [Written also jubartas, gubertas, dubertus.]

GIBBER
Gib"ber, n. Etym: [From Gib to balk.]

Defn: A balky horse. Youatt.

GIBBER
Gib"ber, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gibbered; p. pr. & vb. n. Gibbering.]
Etym: [Akin to jabber, and gabble.]

Defn: To speak rapidly and inarticulately. Shak.

GIBBERISH
Gib"ber*ish, n. Etym: [From Gibber, v. i.]

Defn: Rapid and inarticulate talk; unintelligible language; unmeaning
words; jargon.
He, like a gypsy, oftentimes would go; All kinds of gibberish he had
learnt to known. Drayton.
Such gibberish as children may be heard amusing themselves with.
Hawthorne.

GIBBERISH
Gib"ber*ish, a.

Defn: Unmeaning; as, gibberish language.

GIBBET
Gib"bet, n. Etym: [OE. gibet, F. gibet, in OF. also club, fr. LL.
gibetum;; cf. OF. gibe sort of sickle or hook, It. giubbetto gibbet,
and giubbetta, dim. of giubba mane, also, an under waistcoat,
doublet, Prov. It. gibba (cf. Jupon); so that it perhaps originally
signified a halter, a rope round the neck of malefactors; or it is,
perhaps, derived fr. L. gibbus hunched, humped, E. gibbous; or cf. E.
jib a sail.]

1. A kind of gallows; an upright post with an arm projecting from the
top, on which, formerly, malefactors were hanged in chains, and their
bodies allowed to remain asa warning.

2. The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is suspended;
the jib.

GIBBET
Gib"bet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gibbeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gibbeting.]

1. To hang and expose on a gibbet.

2. To expose to infamy; to blacken.
I'll gibbet up his name. Oldham.

GIBBIER
Gib"bier, n. Etym: [F. gibier.]

Defn: Wild fowl; game. [Obs.] Addison.

GIBBON
Gib"bon, n. Etym: [Cf. F. gibbon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any arboreal ape of the genus Hylobates, of which many species
and varieties inhabit the East Indies and Southern Asia. They are
tailless and without cheek pouches, and have very long arms, adapted
for climbing.

Note: The white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar), the crowned (H.
pilatus), the wou-wou or singing gibbon (H. agilis), the siamang, and
the hoolock. are the most common species.

GIB BOOM
Gib" boom`.

Defn: See Jib boom.

GIBBOSE
Gib*bose", a. Etym: [L. gibbosus, fr. gibbus, gibba, hunch, hump. Cf.
Gibbous.]

Defn: Humped; protuberant; -- said of a surface which presents one or
more large elevations. Brande & C.

GIBBOSTITY
Gib*bost"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. gibbosité.]

Defn: The state of being gibbous or gibbose; gibbousness.

GIBBOUS
Gib"bous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gibbeux. See Gibbose.]

1. Swelling by a regular curve or surface; protuberant; convex; as,
the moon is gibbous between the half-moon and the full moon.
The bones will rise, and make a gibbous member. Wiseman.

2. Hunched; hump-backed. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
 -- Gib"bous*ly, adv.
 -- Gib"bous*ness, n.

GIBBSITE
Gibbs"ite, n. Etym: [Named after George Gibbs.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrate of alumina.

GIB-CAT
Gib"-cat`, n.

Defn: A male cat, esp. an old one. See lst Gib. n. [Obs.] Shak.

GIBE
Gibe, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gibed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gibing.] Etym: [Cf.
Prov. F. giber, equiv. to F. jouer to play, Icel. geipa to talk
nonsense, E. jabber.]

Defn: To cast reproaches and sneering expressions; to rail; to utter
taunting, sarcastic words; to flout; to fleer; to scoff.
Fleer and gibe, and laugh and flout. Swift.

GIBE
Gibe, v. i.

Defn: To reproach with contemptuous words; to deride; to scoff at; to
mock.
Draw the beasts as I describe them, From their features, while I gibe
them. Swift.

GIBE
Gibe, n.

Defn: An expression of sarcastic scorn; a sarcastic jest; a scoff; a
taunt; a sneer.
Mark the fleers, the gibes, and notable scorns. Shak.
With solemn gibe did Eustace banter me. Tennyson.

GIBEL
Gib"el, n. Etym: [G. gibel, giebel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of carp (Cyprinus gibelio); -- called also Prussian
carp.

GIBER
Gib"er n.

Defn: One who utters gibes. B. Jonson.

GIBFISH
Gib"fish`, n.

Defn: The male of the salmon. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

GIBINGLY
Gib"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a gibing manner; scornfully.

GIBLET
Gib"let, a.

Defn: Made of giblets; as, a giblet pie.

GIBLETS
Gib"lets, n. pl. Etym: [OE. gibelet, OF. gibelet game: cf. F.
gibelotte stewed rabbit. Cf. Gibbier.]

Defn: The inmeats, or edible viscera (heart, gizzard, liver, etc.),
of poultry.

GIBRALTAR
Gi*bral"tar, n.

1. A strongly fortified town on the south coast of Spain, held by the
British since 1704; hence, an impregnable stronghold.

2.  A kind of candy sweetmeat, or a piece of it; -- called, in full,
Gibraltar rock.

GIBSTAFF
Gib"staff`, n. Etym: [Prov. E. gib a hooked stick + E. staff.]

1. A staff to guage water, or to push a boat.

2. A staff formerly used in fighting beasts on the stage. [Obs.]
Bailey.

GID
Gid, n. Etym: [Cf. Giddy, a.]

Defn: A disease of sheep, characterized by vertigo; the staggers. It
is caused by the presence of the CC.

GIDDILY
Gid"di*ly, adv.

Defn: In a giddy manner.

GIDDINESS
Gid"di*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being giddy.

GIDDY
Gid"dy, a. [Compar. Giddier; superl. Giddiest.] Etym: [OE. gidi mad,
silly, AS. gidig, of unknown origin, cf. Norw. gidda to shake,
tremble.]

1. Having in the head a sensation of whirling or reeling about;
having lost the power of preserving the balance of the body, and
therefore wavering and inclined to fall; lightheaded; dizzy.
By giddy head and staggering legs betrayed. Tate.

2. Promoting or inducing giddiness; as, a giddy height; a giddy
precipice. Prior.
Upon the giddy footing of the hatches. Shak.

3. Bewildering on account of rapid turning; running round with
celerity; gyratory; whirling.
The giddy motion of the whirling mill. Pope.

4. Characterized by inconstancy; unstable; changeable; fickle; wild;
thoughtless; heedless. "Giddy, foolish hours." Rowe. "Giddy chance."
Dryden.
Young heads are giddy and young hearts are warm. Cowper.

GIDDY
Gid"dy, v. i.

Defn: To reel; to whirl. Chapman.

GIDDY
Gid"dy, v. t.

Defn: To make dizzy or unsteady. [Obs.]

GIDDY-HEAD
Gid"dy-head`, n.

Defn: A person without thought fulness, prudence, or judgment.
[Colloq.] Burton.

GIDDY-HEADED
Gid"dy-head`ed, a.

Defn: Thoughtless; unsteady.

GIDDY-PACED
Gid"dy-paced`, a.

Defn: Moving irregularly; flighty; fickle. [R.] Shak.

GIE
Gie, v. t.

Defn: To guide. See Gye . [Obs.] Chaucer.

GIE
Gie, v. t.

Defn: To give. [Scot.] Burns.

GIER-EAGLE
Gier"-ea`gle, n. Etym: [Cf. D. gier vulture, G. gier, and E.
gyrfalcon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird referred to in the Bible (Lev. xi. 18and Deut. xiv. 17)
as unclean, probably the Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus).

GIER-FALCON
Gier"-fal`con, n. Etym: [Cf. Gier-eagle, Gyrfalcon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gyrfalcon.

GIESECKITE
Gie"seck*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Karl Giesecke.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in greenish gray six-sided prisms, having a
greasy luster. It is probably a pseudomorph after elæolite.

GIF
Gif, conj. Etym: [AS. See If.]

Defn: If. [Obs.]

Note: Gif is the old form of if, and frequently occurs in the earlier
English writers. See If.

GIFFARD INJECTOR
Gif"fard in*ject"or. (Mach.)

Defn: See under Injector.

GIFFGAFF
Giff"gaff, n. Etym: [Reduplicated fr. give.]

Defn: Mutial accommodation; mutual giving. [Scot.]

GIFFY
Gif"fy, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Jiffy.

GIFT
Gift, n. Etym: [OE. gift, yift, yeft, AS. gift, fr. gifan to give;
akin to D. & G. gift, Icel. gift, gipt, Goth. gifts (in comp.). See
Give, v. t.]

1. Anything given; anything voluntarily transferred by one person to
another without compensation; a present; an offering.
Shall I receive by gift, what of my own, . . . I can command Milton.

2. The act, right, or power of giving or bestowing; as, the office is
in the gift of the President.

3. A bribe; anything given to corrupt.
Neither take a gift, for a gift doth blind the eyes of the wise.
Deut. xvi. 19.

4. Some quality or endowment given to man by God; a preëminent and
special talent or aptitude; power; faculty; as, the gift of wit; a
gift for speaking.

5. (Law)

Defn: A voluntary transfer of real or personal property, without any
consideration. It can be perfected only by deed, or in case of
personal property, by an actual delivery of possession. Bouvier.
Burrill. Gift rope (Naut), a rope extended to a boat for towing it; a
guest rope.

Syn.
 -- Present; donation; grant; largess; benefaction; boon; bounty;
gratuity; endowment; talent; faculty.
 -- Gift, Present, Donation. These words, as here compared, denote
something gratuitously imparted to another out of one's property. A
gift is something given whether by a superior or an inferior, and is
usually designed for the relief or benefit of him who receives it. A
present is ordinarly from an equal or inferior, and is always
intended as a compliment or expression of kindness. Donation is a
word of more dignity, denoting, properly, a gift of considerable
value, and ordinarly a gift made either to some public institution,
or to an individual on account of his services to the public; as, a
donation to a hospital, a charitable society, or a minister.

GIFT
Gift, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gifting.]

Defn: To endow with some power or faculty.
He was gifted . . . with philosophical sagacity. I. Taylor.

GIFTEDNESS
Gift"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being gifted. Echard.

GIG
Gig, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. gigue. See Jig, n.]

Defn: A fiddle. [Obs.]

GIG
Gig, v. t. Etym: [Prob. fr. L. gignere to beget.]

Defn: To engender. [Obs.] Dryden.

GIG
Gig, n.

Defn: A kind of spear or harpoon. See Fishgig.

GIG
Gig, v. t.

Defn: To fish with a gig.

GIG
Gig, n. Etym: [OE. gigge. Cf. Giglot.]

Defn: A playful or wanton girl; a giglot.

GIG
Gig, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. g fiddle, MHG. g, G. geige, Icel. geiga to
take a wrong direction, rove at random, and E. jig.]

1. A top or whirligig; any little thing that is whirled round in
play.
Thou disputest like an infant; go, whip thy gig. Shak.

2. A light carriage, with one pair of wheels, drawn by one horse; a
kind of chaise.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A long, light rowboat, generally clinkerbuilt, and designed to
be fast; a boat appropriated to the use of the commanding officer;
as, the captain's gig.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: A rotatory cylinder, covered with wire teeth or teasels, for
teaseling woolen cloth. Gig machine, Gigging machine, Gig mill, or
Napping machine. See Gig, 4.
 -- Gig saw. See Jig saw.

GIGANTEAN
Gi`gan*te"an, a. Etym: [L. giganteus, fr. gigas, antis. See Giant.]

Defn: Like a giant; mighty; gigantic. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

GIGANTESQUE
Gi`gan*tesque", a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Befitting a giant; bombastic; magniloquent.
The sort of mock-heroic gigantesque With which we bantered little
Lilia first. Tennyson.

GIGANTIC
Gi*gan"tic, a. Etym: [L. gigas, -antis, giant. See Giant.]

1. Of extraordinary size; like a giant.

2. Such as a giant might use, make, or cause; immense; tremendous;
extraordinarly; as, gigantic deeds; gigantic wickedness. Milton.
When descends on the Atlantic The gigantic Strom wind of the equinox.
Longfellow.

GIGANTICAL
Gi*gan"tic*al, a.

Defn: Bulky, big. [Obs.] Burton.
 -- Gi*gan"tic*al*ly, adv.

GIGANTICIDE
Gi*gan"ti*cide, n. Etym: [. gigas, -antis, giant + caedere to kill.]

Defn: The act of killing, or one who kills, a giant. Hallam.

GIGANTINE
Gi*gan"tine, a.

Defn: Gigantic. [Obs.] Bullokar.

GIGANTOLOGY
Gi`gan*tol"og*y, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. gigantologie.]

Defn: An account or description of giants.

GIGANTOMACHY
Gi`gan*tom"a*chy, n. Etym: [L. gigantoma, fr. Gr. gigantomachie.]

Defn: A war of giants; especially, the fabulous war of the giants
against heaven.

GIGE; GUIGE
Gige, Guige, n. Etym: [OF. guide, guiche.] (Anc. Armor)

Defn: The leather strap by which the shield of a knight was slung
across the shoulder, or across the neck and shoulder. Meyrick
(Ancient Armor).

GIGERIUM
Gi*ge"ri*um, n.; pl. Gigeria. Etym: [NL., fr. L. gigeria, pl., the
cooked entrails of poultry.] (Anat.)

Defn: The muscular stomach, or gizzard, of birds.

GIGGET
Gig"get, n.

Defn: Same as Gigot.
Cut the slaves to giggets. Beau. & Fl.

GIGGLE
Gig"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Giggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Giggling.]
Etym: [Akin to gaggle: cf. OD. ghichelen, G. kichern.]

Defn: To laugh with short catches of the breath or voice; to laugh in
a light, affected, or silly manner; to titter with childish levity.
Giggling and laughing with all their might At the piteous hap of the
fairy wight. J. R. Drake.

GIGGLE
Gig"gle, n.

Defn: A kind of laugh, with short catches of the voice or breath; a
light, silly laugh.

GIGGLER
Gig"gler, n.

Defn: One who giggles or titters.

GIGGLY
Gig"gly, a.

Defn: Prone to giggling. Carlyle.

GIGGOT
Gig"got, n.

Defn: See Gigot. [Obs.] Chapman.

GIGGYNG
Gig"gyng, n. Etym: [See Gige.]

Defn: The act of fastending the gige or leather strap to the shield.
[Obs.] "Gigging of shields." Chaucer.

GIGLOT; GIGLET
Gig"lot, Gig"let, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. gikkr a pert, rude person, Dan.
giek a fool, silly man, AS. gagol, gægl, lascivious, wanton, MHG.
gogel wanton, giege fool, and E. gig a wanton person.]

Defn: A wanton; a lascivious or light, giddy girl. [Obs.]
The giglet is willful, and is running upon her fate. Sir W. Scott.

GIGLOT
Gig"lot, a.

Defn: Giddi; light; inconstant; wanton. [Obs.] "O giglot fortune!"
Shak.

GIGOT; GIGGOT
Gig"ot, Gig"got (, n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. gigue fiddle; -- on account
of the resemblance in shape. See Jig, n.]

1. A leg of mutton.

2. A small piece of flesh; a slice. [Obs.]
The rest in giggots cut, they spit. Chapman.

GIGUE
Gigue (zheg), n. [F.]

Defn: A piece of lively dance music, in two strains which are
repeated; also, the dance.

GILA MONSTER
Gi"la mon"ster. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large tuberculated lizard (Heloderma suspectum) native of the
dry plains of Arizona, New Mexico, etc. It is the only lizard known
to have venomous teeth.

GILD
Gild, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gilded or Gilt (p. pr. & vb. n. Gilding.]
Etym: [AS. gyldan, from gold gold. sq. root234. See Gold.]

1. To overlay with a thin covering of gold; to cover with a golden
color; to cause to look like gold. "Gilded chariots." Pope.
No more the rising sun shall gild the morn. Pope.

2. To make attractive; to adorn; to brighten.
Let oft good humor, mild and gay, Gild the calm evening of your day.
Trumbull.

3. To give a fair but deceptive outward appearance to; to embellish;
as, to gild a lie. Shak.

4. To make red with drinking. [Obs.]
This grand liquior that hath gilded them. Shak.

GILDALE
Gild"ale`, n. Etym: [AS. gilgan to pay + E. ale. See Yield, v. t.,
and Ale.]

Defn: A drinking bout in which every one pays an equal share. [Obs.]

GILDEN
Gild"en, a.

Defn: Gilded. Holland.

GILDER
Gild"er, n.

Defn: One who gilds; one whose occupation is to overlay with gold.

GILDER
Gil"der, n.

Defn: A Dutch coin. See Guilder.

GILDING
Gild"ing, n.

1. The art or practice of overlaying or covering with gold leaf;
also, a thin coating or wash of gold, or of that which resembles
gold.

2. Gold in leaf, powder, or liquid, for application to any surface.

3. Any superficial coating or appearance, as opposed to what is solid
and genuine. Gilding metal, a tough kind of sheet brass from which
cartridge shells are made.

GILE
Gile, n. Etym: [See Guile.]

Defn: Guile. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GILL
Gill, n. Etym: [Dan. giælle, gelle; akin to Sw. gäl, Icel. gjölnar
gills; cf. AS. geagl, geahl, jaw.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: An organ for aquatic respiration; a branchia.
Fishes perform respiration under water by the gills. Ray.

Note: Gills are usually lamellar or filamentous appendages, through
which the blood circulates, and in which it is exposed to the action
of the air contained in the water. In vertebrates they are appendages
of the visceral arches on either side of the neck. In invertebrates
they occupy various situations.

2. pl. (Bot.)

Defn: The radiating, gill-shaped plates forming the under surface of
a mushroom.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fleshy flap that hangs below the beak of a fowl; a wattle.

4. The flesh under or about the chin. Swift.

5. (Spinning)

Defn: One of the combs of closely ranged steel pins which divide the
ribbons of flax fiber or wool into fewer parallel filaments. Etym:
[Prob. so called from F. aiguilles, needles. Ure.] Gill arches, Gill
bars. (Anat.) Same as Branchial arches.
 -- Gill clefts. (Anat.) Same as Branchial clefts. See under
Branchial.
 -- Gill cover, Gill lid. See Operculum.
 -- Gill frame, or Gill head (Flax Manuf.), a spreader; a machine for
subjecting flax to the action of gills. Knight.
 -- Gill net, a flat net so suspended in the water that its meshes
allow the heads of fish to pass, but catch in the gills when they
seek to extricate themselves.
 -- Gill opening, or Gill slit (Anat.), an opening behind and below
the head of most fishes, and some amphibians, by which the water from
the gills is discharged. In most fishes there is a single opening on
each side, but in the sharks and rays there are five, or more, on
each side.
 -- Gill rakes, or Gill rakers (Anat.), horny filaments, or
progresses, on the inside of the branchial arches of fishes, which
help to prevent solid substances from being carried into gill
cavities.

GILL
Gill, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A two-wheeled frame for transporting timber. [Prov. Eng.]

GILL
Gill, n.

Defn: A leech. [Also gell.] [Scot.] Jameison.

GILL
Gill, n. Etym: [Icel. gil.]

Defn: A woody glen; a narrow valley containing a stream. [Prov. Eng.
& Scot.]

GILL
Gill, n. Etym: [OF. gille, gelle, a sort of measure for wine, LL.
gillo, gello., Cf. Gallon.]

Defn: A measure of capacity, containing one fourth of a pint.

GILL
Gill, n. Etym: [Abbrev. from Gillian.]

1. A young woman; a sweetheart; a flirting or wanton girl. "Each Jack
with his Gill." B. Jonson.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The ground ivy (Nepeta Glechoma); -- called also gill over the
ground, and other like names.

3. Malt liquor medicated with ground ivy. Gill ale. (a) Ale flavored
with ground ivy. (b) (Bot.) Alehoof.

GILL-FLIRT
Gill"-flirt`, n.

Defn: A thoughtless, giddy girl; a flirt-gill. Sir W. Scott.

GILLHOUSE
Gill"house`, n.

Defn: A shop where gill is sold.
Thee shall each alehouse, thee each gillhouse mourn. Pope.

GILLIAN
Gil"li*an, n. Etym: [OE. Gillian, a woman's name, for Julian,
Juliana. Cf. Gill a girl.]

Defn: A girl; esp., a wanton; a gill. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

GILLIE; GILLY
Gil"lie Gil"ly, n. Etym: [Gael. gille, giolla, boy, lad.]

Defn: A boy or young man; a manservant; a male attendant, in the
Scottish Highlands. Sir W. Scott.

GILLYFLOWER
Gil"ly*flow`er, n. Etym: [OE. gilofre, gilofer, clove, OF. girofre,
girofle, F. girofle: cf. F. giroflée gillyflower, fr. girofle, Gr.
foliage. Cf. Caryophyllus, July-flower.] (Bot.)

1. A name given by old writers to the clove pink (Dianthus
Caryophyllus) but now to the common stock (Matthiola incana), a
cruciferous plant with showy and fragrant blossoms, usually purplish,
but often pink or white.

2. A kind of apple, of a roundish conical shape, purplish red color,
and having a large core. [Written also gilliflower.] Clove
gillflower, the clove pink.
 -- Marsh gillyflower, the ragged robin (Lychnis Flos-cuculi).
 -- Queen's, or Winter, gillyflower, damewort.
 -- Sea gillyflower, the thrift (Armeria vulgaris).
 -- Wall gillyflower, the wallflower (Cheiranthus Cheiri).
 -- Water gillyflower, the water violet.

GILOUR
Gil"our, n. Etym: [OF.]

Defn: A guiler; deceiver. [Obs.]

GILSE
Gilse, n. Etym: [W. gleisiad, fr. glas blue.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Grilse.

GILT
Gilt, n. Etym: [See Geld, v. t.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A female pig, when young.

GILT
Gilt,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Gild.

GILT
Gilt, p. p. & a.

Defn: Gilded; covered with gold; of the color of gold; golden yellow.
"Gilt hair" Chaucer.

GILT
Gilt, n.

1. Gold, or that which resembles gold, laid on the surface of a
thing; gilding. Shak.

2. Money. [Obs.] "The gilt of France." Shak.

GILT-EDGE; GILT-EDGED
Gilt"-edge`, Gilt"-edged`, a.

1. Having a gilt edge; as, gilt-edged paper.

2. Of the best quality; -- said of negotiable paper, etc. [Slang, U.
S.]

GILTHEAD
Gilt"head`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine fish. The name is applied to two species:
(a) The Pagrus, or Chrysophrys, auratus, a valuable food fish common
in the Mediterranean (so named from its golden-colored head); --
called also giltpoll.
(b) The Crenilabrus melops, of the British coasts; -- called also
golden maid, conner, sea partridge.

GILTIF
Gilt"if, a. Etym: [For gilti, by confusion with -if, -ive, in French
forms. See Guilty.]

Defn: Guilty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GILTTAIL
Gilt"tail`, n.

Defn: A yellow-tailed worm or larva.

GIM
Gim, a. Etym: [Cf. Gimp, a.]

Defn: Neat; spruce. [Prov.]

GIMBAL; GIMBALS
Gim"bal, or; Gim"bals (, n. Etym: [See Gimmal, n.]

Defn: A contrivance for permitting a body to incline freely in all
directions, or for suspending anything, as a barometer, ship's
compass, chronometer, etc., so that it will remain plumb, or level,
when its support is tipped, as by the rolling of a ship. It consists
of a ring in which the body can turn on an axis through a diameter of
the ring, while the ring itself is so pivoted to its support that it
can turn about a diameter at right angles to the first. Gimbal joint
(Mach.), a universal joint embodying the principle of the gimbal.
 -- Gimbal ring, a single gimbal, as that by which the cockeye of the
upper millstone is supported on the spindle.

GIMBLET
Gim"blet, n. & v.

Defn: See Gimlet.

GIMCRACK
Gim"crack`, n. Etym: [OE., a spruce and pert pretender, also, a
spruce girl, prob. fr. gim + crack lad, boaster.]

Defn: A trivial mechanism; a device; a toy; a pretty thing.
Arbuthnot.

GIMLET
Gim"let, n. [Also written and pronounced gimbled (] Etym: [OF.
guimbelet, guibelet, F. gibelet, prob. fr. OD. wimpel, weme, a bore,
wemelen to bore, to wimble. See Wimble, n.]

Defn: A small tool for boring holes. It has a leading screw, a
grooved body, and a cross handle. Gimlet eye, a squint-eye. [Colloq.]
Wright.

GIMLET
Gim"let, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gimleted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gimleting.]

1. To pierce or make with a gimlet.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To turn round (an anchor) by the stock, with a motion like
turning a gimlet.

GIMMAL
Gim"mal, n. Etym: [Prob. the same word as gemel. See Gemel, and cf.
Gimbal.]

1. Joined work whose parts move within each other; a pair or series
of interlocked rings.

2. A quaint piece of machinery; a gimmer. [Obs.]

GIMMAL
Gim"mal, a.

Defn: Made or consisting of interlocked rings, gimmal mail.
In their pale dull mouths the gimmal bit Lies foul with chewed grass.
Shak.
Gimmal joint. See Gimbal joint, under Gimbal.

GIMMER; GIMMOR
Gim"mer, Gim"mor (, n. Etym: [Cf. Gimmal, n.]

Defn: A piece of mechanism; mechanical device or contrivance; a
gimcrack. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Shak.

GIMP
Gimp, a. Etym: [W. gwymp fair, neat, comely.]

Defn: Smart; spruce; trim; nice. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

GIMP
Gimp, n. Etym: [OF. guimpe, guimple, a nun's wimple, F. guimpe, OHG.
wimpal a veil G. wimpel pennon, pendant. See Wimple, n.]

Defn: A narrow ornamental fabric of silk, woolen, or cotton, often
with a metallic wire, or sometimes a coarse cord, running through it;
-- used as trimming for dresses, furniture, etc.
Gimp nail, an upholsterer's small nail.

GIMP
Gimp, v. t.

Defn: To notch; to indent; to jag.

GIN
Gin, prep. Etym: [AS. geán. See Again.]

Defn: Against; near by; towards; as, gin night. [Scot.] A. Ross
(1778).

GIN
Gin, conj. Etym: [See Gin, prep.]

Defn: If. [Scotch] Jamieson.

GIN
Gin, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gan, Gon (Gun (p. pr. & vb. n. Ginning.]
Etym: [OE. ginnen, AS. ginnan (in comp.), prob. orig., to open, cut
open, cf. OHG. inginnan to begin, open, cut open, and prob. akin to
AS. ginan to yawn, and E. yawn. Yawn, v. i., and cf. Begin.]

Defn: To begin; -- often followed by an infinitive without to; as,
gan tell. See Gan. [Obs. or Archaic] "He gan to pray." Chaucer.

GIN
Gin, n. Etym: [Contr. from Geneva. See 2d Geneva.]

Defn: A strong alcoholic liquor, distilled from rye and barley, and
flavored with juniper berries; -- also called Hollands and Holland
gin, because originally, and still very extensively, manufactured in
Holland. Common gin is usually flavored with turpentine.

GIN
Gin, n. Etym: [A contraction of engine.]

1. Contrivance; artifice; a trap; a snare. Chaucer. Spenser.

2.
(a) A machine for raising or moving heavy weights, consisting of a
tripod formed of poles united at the top, with a windlass, pulleys,
ropes, etc.
(b) (Mining) A hoisting drum, usually vertical; a whim.

3. A machine for separating the seeds from cotton; a cotton gin.

Note: The name is also given to an instrument of torture worked with
screws, and to a pump moved by rotary sails. Gin block, a simple form
of tackle block, having one wheel, over which a rope runs; -- called
also whip gin, rubbish pulley, and monkey wheel.
 -- Gin power, a form of horse power for driving a cotton gin.
 -- Gin race, or Gin ring, the path of the horse when putting a gin
in motion. Halliwell.
 -- Gin saw, a saw used in a cotton gin for drawing the fibers
through the grid, leaving the seed in the hopper.
 -- Gin wheel. (a) In a cotton gin, a wheel for drawing the fiber
through the grid; a brush wheel to clean away the lint. (b) (Mining)
the drum of a whim.

GIN
Gin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ginned; p. pr. & vb. n. Ginning.]

1. To catch in a trap. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. To clear of seeds by a machine; as, to gin cotton.

GING
Ging, n.

Defn: Same as Gang, n., 2. [Obs.]
There is a knot, a ging, a pack, a conspiracy against me. Shak.

GINGAL
Gin*gal", n.

Defn: See Jingal.

GINGER
Gin"ger, n. Etym: [OE. ginger, gingever, gingivere, OF. gengibre,
gingimbre, F. gingembre, L. zingiber, zingiberi, fr. Gr. zenjebil,
fr. Skr. , prop., hornshaped; horn + vëra body.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Zingiber, of the East and West Indies. The
species most known is Z. officinale.

2. The hot and spicy rootstock of Zingiber officinale, which is much
used in cookery and in medicine. Ginger beer or ale, a mild beer
impregnated with ginger.
 -- Ginger cordial, a liquor made from ginger, raisins, lemon rind,
and water, and sometimes whisky or brandy.
 -- Ginger pop. See Ginger beer (above).
 -- Ginger wine, wine impregnated with ginger.
 -- Wild ginger (Bot.), an American herb (Asarum Canadense) with two
reniform leaves and a long, cordlike rootstock which has a strong
taste of ginger.

GINGERBREAD
Gin"ger*bread`, n.

Defn: A kind of plain sweet cake seasoned with ginger, and sometimes
made in fanciful shapes. "Gingerbread that was full fine." Chaucer.
Gingerbread tree (Bot.), the doom palm; -- so called from the
resemblance of its fruit to gingerbread. See Doom Palm.
 -- Gingerbread work, ornamentation, in architecture or decoration,
of a fantastic, trivial, or tawdry character.

GINGERLY
Gin"ger*ly, adv. Etym: [Prov. E. ginger brittle, tender; cf. dial.
Sw. gingla, gängla, to go gently, totter, akin to E. gang.]

Defn: Cautiously; timidly; fastidiously; daintily.
What is't that you took up so gingerly Shak.

GINGERNESS
Gin"ger*ness, n.

Defn: Cautiousness; tenderness.

GINGHAM
Ging"ham, n. Etym: [F. guingan; cf. Jav. ginggang; or perh. fr.
Guingamp, in France.]

Defn: A kind of cotton or linen cloth, usually in stripes or checks,
the yarn of which is dyed before it is woven; -- distinguished from
printed cotton or prints.

GINGING
Ging"ing, n. (Mining)

Defn: The lining of a mine shaft with stones or bricks to prevent
caving.

GINGIVAL
Gin"gi*val, a. Etym: [L. gingiva the gum.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the gums. Holder.

GINGLE
Gin"gle, n. & v. [Obs.]

Defn: See Jingle.

GINGLYFORM
Gin"gly*form, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Ginglymoid.

GINGLYMODI
Gin`gly*mo"di, n. Etym: [NL.; cf. Gr. Ginglymoid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of ganoid fishes, including the modern gar pikes and
many allied fossil forms. They have rhombic, ganoid scales, a
heterocercal tail, paired fins without an axis, fulcra on the fins,
and a bony skeleton, with the vertebræ convex in front and concave
behind, forming a ball and socket joint. See Ganoidel.

GINGLYMOID; GINGLYMOIDAL
Gin"gly*moid, Gin`gly*moid"al, a. Etym: [Gr. ginglymoide,
ginglymoïdal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a ginglymus, or hinge joint;
ginglyform.

GINGLYMUS
Gin"gly*mus, n.; pl. Ginglymi. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A hinge joint; an articulation, admitting of flexion and
extension, or motion in two directions only, as the elbow and the
ankle.

GINHOUSE
Gin"house`, n.

Defn: A building where cotton is ginned.

GINKGO
Gink"go, n.; pl. Ginkgoes. Etym: [Chin., silver fruit.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large ornamental tree (Ginkgo biloba) from China and Japan,
belonging to the Yew suborder of Coniferæ. Its leaves are so like
those of some maidenhair ferns, that it is also called the maidenhair
tree.

GINNEE
Gin"nee, n.; pl. Ginn (.

Defn: See Jinnee.

GINNET
Gin"net, n.

Defn: See Genet, a horse.

GINNING
Gin"ning, n. Etym: [See Gin, v. i.]

Defn: Beginning. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GINNY-CARRIAGE
Gin"ny-car`riage (, n.

Defn: A small, strong carriage for conveying materials on a railroad.
[Eng.]

GINSENG
Gin"seng, n. Etym: [Chinese.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Aralia, the root of which is highly valued
as a medicine among the Chinese. The Chinese plant (Aralia Schinseng)
has become so rare that the American (A. quinquefolia) has largely
taken its place, and its root is now an article of export from
America to China. The root, when dry, is of a yellowish white color,
with a sweetness in the taste somewhat resembling that of licorice,
combined with a slight aromatic bitterness.

GINSHOP
Gin"shop`, n.

Defn: A shop or barroom where gin is sold as a beverage. [Colloq.]

GIP
Gip, v. t.

Defn: To take out the entrails of (herrings).

GIP
Gip, n.

Defn: A servant. See Gyp. Sir W. Scott.

GIPOUN
Gi*poun", n. Etym: [See Jupon.]

Defn: A short cassock. [Written also gepoun, gypoun, jupon, juppon.]
[Obs.]

GIPSER; GIPSIRE
Gip"ser, Gip"sire, n. Etym: [F. gibecière a game pouch or game
pocket. Cf. Gibbier.]

Defn: A kind of pouch formerly worn at the girdle. Ld. Lytton.
A gipser all of silk, Hung at his girdle, white as morné milk.
Chaucer.

GIPSY
Gip"sy, n. a..

Defn: See Gypsy.

GIPSYISM
Gip"sy*ism, n.

Defn: See Gypsyism.

GIRAFFE
Gi*raffe", n. Etym: [F. girafe, Sp. girafa, from Ar. zurafa, zarafa.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An African ruminant (Camelopardalis giraffa) related to the
deers and antelopes, but placed in a family by itself; the
camelopard. It is the tallest of animals, being sometimes twenty feet
from the hoofs to the top of the head. Its neck is very long, and its
fore legs are much longer than its hind legs.

GIRANDOLE
Gir"an*dole, n. Etym: [F. See Gyrate.]

1. An ornamental branched candlestick.

2. A flower stand, fountain, or the like, of branching form.

3. (Pyrotechny)

Defn: A kind of revolving firework.

4. (Fort.)

Defn: A series of chambers in defensive mines. Farrow.

GIRASOLE; GIRASOL
Gir"a*sole Gir"a*sol, n. Etym: [It. girasole, or F. girasol, fr. L.
gyrare to turn around + sol sun.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: See Heliotrope. [Obs.]

2. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of opal which is usually milk white, bluish white, or
sky blue; but in a bright light it reflects a reddish color.

GIRD
Gird, n. Etym: [See Yard a measure.]

1. A stroke with a rod or switch; a severe spasm; a twinge; a pang.
Conscience . . . is freed from many fearful girds and twinges which
the atheist feels. Tillotson.

2. A cut; a sarcastic remark; a gibe; a sneer.
I thank thee for that gird, good Tranio. Shak.

GIRD
Gird, v. t. Etym: [See Gird, n., and cf. Girde, v.]

1. To strike; to smite. [Obs.]
To slay him and to girden off his head. Chaucer.

2. To sneer at; to mock; to gibe.
Being moved, he will not spare to gird the gods. Shak.

GIRD
Gird, v. i.

Defn: To gibe; to sneer; to break a scornful jest; to utter severe
sarcasms.
Men of all sorts take a pride to gird at me. Shak.

GIRD
Gird, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Girt or Girded; p. pr. & vb. n. Girding.]
Etym: [OE. girden, gurden, AS. gyrdan; akin to OS. gurdian, D.
gorden, OHG. gurten, G. gürten, Icel. gyr, Sw. gjorda, Dan. giorde,
Goth. bigaírdan to begird, and prob. to E. yard an inclosure. Cf.
Girth, n. & v., Girt, v. t.]

1. To encircle or bind with any flexible band.

2. To make fast, as clothing, by binding with a cord, girdle,
bandage, etc.

3. To surround; to encircle, or encompass.
That Nyseian isle, Girt with the River Triton. Milton.

4. To clothe; to swathe; to invest.
I girded thee about with fine linen. Ezek. xvi. 10.
The Son . . . appeared Girt with omnipotence. Milton.

5. To prepare; to make ready; to equip; as, to gird one's self for a
contest.
Thou hast girded me with strength. Ps. xviii. 39.
To gird on, to put on; to fasten around or to one securely, like a
girdle; as, to gird on armor or a sword.
Let not him that girdeth on his harness boast himself as he that
putteth it off. 1 Kings xx. 11.
-- To gird up, to bind tightly with a girdle; to support and
strengthen, as with a girdle.
He girded up his loins, and ran before Ahab. 1 Kings xviii. 46.
Gird up the loins of your mind. 1 Pet. i. 13.
-- Girt up; prepared or equipped, as for a journey or for work, in
allusion to the ancient custom of gathering the long flowing garments
into the girdle and tightening it before any exertion; hence,
adjectively, eagerly or constantly active; strenuous; striving. "A
severer, more girt-up way of living." J. C. Shairp.

GIRDER
Gird"er, n. Etym: [From Gird to sneer at.]

Defn: One who girds; a satirist.

GIRDER
Gird"er, n. Etym: [From Gird to encircle.]

1. One who, or that which, girds.

2. (Arch. & Engin.)

Defn: A main beam; a stright, horizontal beam to span an opening or
carry weight, such as ends of floor beams, etc.; hence, a framed or
built-up member discharging the same office, technically called a
compound girder. See Illusts. of Frame, and Doubleframed floor, under
Double. Bowstring girder, Box girder, etc. See under Bowstring, Box,
etc.
 -- Girder bridge. See under Bridge.
 -- Lattice girder, a girder consisting of longitudinal bars united
by diagonal crossing bars.
 -- Half-lattice girder, a girder consisting of horizontal upper and
lower bars connected by a series of diagonal bars sloping alternately
in opposite directions so as to divide the space between the bars
into a series of triangles. Knight.
 -- Sandwich girder, a girder consisting of two parallel wooden
beams, between which is an iron plate, the whole clamped together by
iron bolts.

GIRDING
Gird"ing, n.

Defn: That with which one is girded; a girdle.
Instead of a stomacher, a girding of sackcloth. Is. iii. 24.

GIRDLE
Gir"dle, n.

Defn: A griddle. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

GIRDLE
Gir"dle, n. Etym: [OE. gurdel, girdel, AS. gyrdel, fr. gyrdan; akin
to D. gordel, G. gürtel, Icel. gyr. See Gird, v. t., to encircle, and
cf. Girth, n.]

1. That which girds, encircles, or incloses; a circumference; a belt;
esp., a belt, sash, or article of dress encircling the body usually
at the waist; a cestus.
Within the girdle of these walls. Shak.
Their breasts girded with golden girdles. Rev. xv. 6.

2. The zodiac; also, the equator. [Poetic] Bacon.
From the world's girdle to the frozen pole. Cowper.
That gems the starry girdle of the year. Campbell.

3. (Jewelry)

Defn: The line ofgreatest circumference of a brilliant-cut diamond,
at which it is grasped by the setting. See Illust. of Brilliant.
Knight.

4. (Mining)

Defn: A thin bed or stratum of stone. Raymond.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The clitellus of an earthworm. Girdle bone (Anat.), the
sphenethmoid. See under Sphenethmoid.
 -- Girdle wheel, a spinning wheel.
 -- Sea girdle (Zoöl.), a ctenophore. See Venus's girdle, under
Venus.
 -- Shoulder, Pectoral, and Pelvic, girdle. (Anat.) See under
Pectoral, and Pelvic.
 -- To have under the girdle, to have bound to one, that is, in
subjection.

GIRDLE
Gir"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Girdled; p. pr. & vb. n. Girdling.]

1. To bind with a belt or sash; to gird. Shak.

2. To inclose; to environ; to shut in.
Those sleeping stones, That as a waist doth girdle you about. Shak.

3. To make a cut or gnaw a groove around (a tree, etc.) through the
bark and alburnum, thus killing it. [U. S.]

GIRDLER
Gir"dler, n.

1. One who girdles.

2. A maker of girdles.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American longicorn beetle (Oncideres cingulatus) which lays
its eggs in the twigs of the hickory, and then girdles each branch by
gnawing a groove around it, thus killing it to provide suitable food
for the larvæ.

GIRDLESTEAD
Gir"dle*stead, n. Etym: [Girdle + stead place.]

1. That part of the body where the girdle is worn. [Obs.]
Sheathed, beneath his girdlestead. Chapman.

2. The lap. [R.]
There fell a flower into her girdlestead. Swinburne.

GIRE
Gire, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Gyre.

GIRKIN
Gir"kin, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Gherkin.

GIRL
Girl, n. Etym: [OE. girle, gerle, gurle, a girl (in sense 1): cf. LG.
gör child.]

1. A young person of either sex; a child. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A female child, from birth to the age of puberty; a young maiden.

3. A female servant; a maidservant. [U. S.]

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A roebuck two years old. [Prov. Eng.]

GIRLHOOD
Girl"hood, n.

Defn: State or time of being a girl.

GIRLISH
Girl"ish, a.

Defn: Like, or characteristic of, a girl; of or pertaining to
girlhood; innocent; artless; immature; weak; as, girlish ways;
girlish grief.
 -- Girl"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Girl"ish*ness, n.

GIRLOND
Gir"lond, n. Etym: [See Garland, n.]

Defn: A garland; a prize. [Obs.] Chapman.

GIRN
Girn, v. i. Etym: [See Grin, n.]

Defn: To grin. [Obs.]

GIRONDIST
Gi*ron"dist, n. Etym: [F. Girondiste.]

Defn: A member of the moderate republican party formed in the French
legislative assembly in 1791. The Girondists were so called because
their leaders were deputies from the department of La Gironde.

GIRONDIST
Gi*ron"dist, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Girondists. [Written also Girondin.]

GIRROCK
Gir"rock, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. F. chicarou.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A garfish. Johnson.

GIRT
Girt,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Gird.

GIRT
Girt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Girted; p. pr. & vb. n. Girting.] Etym:
[From Girt, n., cf. Girth, v.]

Defn: To gird; to encircle; to invest by means of a girdle; to
measure the girth of; as, to girt a tree.
We here create thee the first duke of Suffolk, And girt thee with the
sword. Shak.

GIRT
Girt, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Bound by a cable; -- used of a vessel so moored by two anchors
that she swings against one of the cables by force of the current or
tide.

GIRT
Girt, n.

Defn: Same as Girth.

GIRTH
Girth, n. Etym: [Icel. gjör girdle, or ger girth; akin to Goth.
gaírda girdle. See Gird to girt, and cf. Girdle, n.]

1. A band or strap which encircles the body; especially, one by which
a saddle is fastened upon the back of a horse.

2. The measure round the body, as at the waist or belly; the
circumference of anything.
He's a lu sty, jolly fellow, that lives well, at least three yards in
the girth. Addison.

3. A small horizontal brace or girder.

GIRTH
Girth, v. t. Etym: [From Girth, n., cf. Girt, v. t.]

Defn: To bind as with a girth. [R.] Johnson.

GIRTLINE
Girt"line`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A gantline. Hammock girtline, a line rigged for hanging out
hammocks to dry.

GISARM
Gis*arm", n. Etym: [OF. gisarme, guisarme.] (Mediæval Armor)

Defn: A weapon with a scythe-shaped blade, and a separate long sharp
point, mounted on a long staff and carried by foot soldiers.

GISE
Gise, v. t. Etym: [See Agist.]

Defn: To feed or pasture. [Obs.]

GISE
Gise, n.

Defn: Guise; manner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GISLE
Gis"le, n. Etym: [AS. gisel; akin to G. geisel, Icel. gisl.]

Defn: A pledge. [Obs.] Bp. Gibson.

GISMONDINE; GISMONDITE
Gis*mon"dine, Gis*mon"dite, n. Etym: [From the name of the
discoverer, Gismondi.] (Min.)

Defn: A native hydrated silicate of alumina, lime, and potash, first
noticed near Rome.

GIST
Gist, n. Etym: [OF. giste abode, lodgings, F. gîte, fr. gésir to lie,
L. jac, prop., to be thrown, hence, to lie, fr. jacre to throw. In
the second sense fr. OF. gist, F. gît, 3d pers. sing. ind. of gésir
to lie, used in a proverb, F., c'est là que gît le lièvre, it is
there that the hare lies, i. e., that is the point, the difficulty.
See Jet a shooting forth, and cf. Agist, Joist, n., Gest a stage in
traveling.]

1. A resting place. [Obs.]
These quails have their set gists; to wit, ordinary resting and
baiting places. Holland.

2. The main point, as of a question; the point on which an action
rests; the pith of a matter; as, the gist of a question.

GIT
Git, n. (Founding)

Defn: See Geat.

GITANA; GITANO
Gi*ta"na, n. fem.; Gi*ta"no, n. masc. [Sp., fr. (assumed) LL.
Aegyptanus, fem. Aegyptana, Egyptian. Cf. Gypsy.]

Defn: A Spanish gypsy.

GITE
Gite, n.

Defn: A gown. [Obs.]
She came often in a gite of red. Chaucer.

GITH
Gith, n. Etym: [Prov. E., corn cockle; cf. W. gith corn cockle.]
(Bot.)

Defn: The corn cockle; also anciently applied to the Nigella, or
fennel flower.

GITTERN
Git"tern, n. Etym: [OE. giterne, OF. guiterne, ultimately from same
source as E. guitar. See Guitar, and cf. Cittern.]

Defn: An instrument like a guitar. "Harps, lutes, and giternes."
Chaucer.

GITTERN
Git"tern, v. i.

Defn: To play on gittern. Milton.

GITTITH
Git"tith, n. Etym: [Heb.]

Defn: A musical instrument, of unknown character, supposed by some to
have been used by the people of Gath, and thence obtained by David.
It is mentioned in the title of Psalms viii., lxxxi., and lxxxiv. Dr.
W. Smith.

GIUST
Giust, n. [Obs.]

Defn: Same as Joust. Spenser.

GIUST
Giust (just), n. [Obs.]

Defn: Same as Joust.  Spenser.

GIUSTO
Gius"to, a. Etym: [It., fr. L. justus. See Just, a.] (Mus.)

Defn: In just, correct, or suitable time.

GIVE
Give, v. t. [imp. Gave; p. p. Given; p. pr. & vb. n. Giving.] Etym:
[OE. given, yiven, yeven, AS. gifan, giefan; akin to D. geven, OS. g,
OHG. geban, Icel. gefa, Sw. gifva, Dan. give, Goth. giban. Cf. Gift,
n.]

1. To bestow without receiving a return; to confer without
compensation; to impart, as a possession; to grant, as authority or
permission; to yield up or allow.
For generous lords had rather give than pay. Young.

2. To yield possesion of; to deliver over, as property, in exchange
for something; to pay; as, we give the value of what we buy.
What shall a man give in exchange for his soul Matt. xvi. 26.

3. To yield; to furnish; to produce; to emit; as, flint and steel
give sparks.

4. To communicate or announce, as advice, tidings, etc.; to
pronounce; to render or utter, as an opinion, a judgment, a sentence,
a shout, etc.

5. To grant power or license to; to permit; to allow; to license; to
commission.
It is given me once again to behold my friend. Rowe.
Then give thy friend to shed the sacred wine. Pope.

6. To exhibit as a product or result; to produce; to show; as, the
number of men, divided by the number of ships, gives four hundred to
each ship.

7. To devote; to apply; used reflexively, to devote or apply one's
self; as, the soldiers give themselves to plunder; also in this sense
used very frequently in the past participle; as, the people are given
to luxury and pleasure; the youth is given to study.

8. (Logic & Math.)

Defn: To set forth as a known quantity or a known relation, or as a
premise from which to reason; -- used principally in the passive form
given.

9. To allow or admit by way of supposition.
I give not heaven for lost. Mlton.

10. To attribute; to assign; to adjudge.
I don't wonder at people's giving him to me as a lover. Sheridan.

11. To excite or cause to exist, as a sensation; as, to give offense;
to give pleasure or pain.

12. To pledge; as, to give one's word.

13. To cause; to make; -- with the infinitive; as, to give one to
understand, to know, etc.
But there the duke was given to understand That in a gondola were
seen together Lorenzo and his amorous Jessica. Shak.
To give away, to make over to another; to transfer.
Whatsoever we employ in charitable uses during our lives, is given
away from ourselves. Atterbury.
-- To give back, to return; to restore. Atterbury.
 -- To give the bag, to cheat. [Obs.]
I fear our ears have given us the bag. J. Webster.
-- To give birth to. (a) To bear or bring forth, as a child. (b) To
originate; to give existence to, as an enterprise, idea.
 -- To give chase, to pursue.
 -- To give ear to. See under Ear.
 -- To give forth, to give out; to publish; to tell. Hayward.
 -- To give ground. See under Ground, n.
 -- To give the hand, to pledge friendship or faith.
 -- To give the hand of, to espouse; to bestow in marriage.
 -- To give the head. See under Head, n.
 -- To give in. (a) To abate; to deduct. (b) To declare; to make
known; to announce; to tender; as, to give in one's adhesion to a
party.
 -- To give the lie to (a person), to tell (him) that he lies.
 -- To give line. See under Line.
 -- To give off, to emit, as steam, vapor, odor, etc.
 -- To give one's self away, to make an inconsiderate surrender of
one's cause, an unintentional disclosure of one's purposes, or the
like. [Colloq.] -- To give out. (a) To utter publicly; to report; to
announce or declare.
One that gives out himself Prince Florizel. Shak.
Give out you are of Epidamnum. Shak.
(b) To send out; to emit; to distribute; as, a substance gives out
steam or odors.
 -- To give over. (a) To yield completely; to quit; to abandon. (b)
To despair of. (c) To addict, resign, or apply (one's self).
The Babylonians had given themselves over to all manner of vice.
Grew.
 -- To give place, to withdraw; to yield one's claim.
 -- To give points. (a) In games of skill, to equalize chances by
conceding a certain advantage; to allow a handicap. (b) To give
useful suggestions. [Colloq.] -- To give rein. See under Rein, n.
 -- To give the sack . Same as To give the bag.
 -- To give and take. (a) To average gains and losses. (b) To
exchange freely, as blows, sarcasms, etc.
 -- To give time (Law), to accord extension or forbearance to a
debtor. Abbott.
 -- To give the time of day, to salute one with the compliment
appropriate to the hour, as "good morning." "good evening", etc.
 -- To give tongue, in hunter's phrase, to bark; -- said of dogs.
 -- To give up. (a) To abandon; to surrender. "Don't give up the
ship."
He has . . . given up For certain drops of salt, your city Rome.
Shak.
(b) To make public; to reveal.
I'll not state them By giving up their characters. Beau. & Fl.
(c) (Used also reflexively.) -- To give up the ghost. See under
Ghost.
 -- To give one's self up, to abandon hope; to despair; to surrender
one's self.
 -- To give way. (a) To withdraw; to give place. (b) To yield to
force or pressure; as, the scaffolding gave way. (c) (Naut.) To begin
to row; or to row with increased energy. (d) (Stock Exchange). To
depreciate or decline in value; as, railroad securities gave way two
per cent.
 -- To give way together, to row in time; to keep stroke.

Syn.
 -- To Give, Confer, Grant. To give is the generic word, embracing
all the rest. To confer was originally used of persons in power, who
gave permanent grants or privileges; as, to confer the order of
knighthood; and hence it still denotes the giving of something which
might have been withheld; as, to confer a favor. To grant is to give
in answer to a petition or request, or to one who is in some way
dependent or inferior.

GIVE
Give, v. i.

1. To give a gift or gifts.

2. To yield to force or pressure; to relax; to become less rigid; as,
the earth gives under the feet.

3. To become soft or moist. [Obs.] Bacon .

4. To move; to recede.
Now back he gives, then rushes on amain. Daniel.

5. To shed tears; to weep. [Obs.]
Whose eyes do never give But through lust and laughter. Shak.

6. To have a misgiving. [Obs.]
My mind gives ye're reserved To rob poor market women. J. Webster.

7. To open; to lead. [A Gallicism]
This, yielding, gave into a grassy walk. Tennyson.
To give back, to recede; to retire; to retreat.
They gave back and came no farther. Bunyan.
-- To give in, to yield; to succumb; to acknowledge one's self
beaten; to cease opposition.
The Scots battalion was enforced to give in. Hayward.
This consideration may induce a translator to give in to those
general phrases. Pope.
-- To give off, to cease; to forbear. [Obs.] Locke.
 -- To give on or upon. (a) To rush; to fall upon. [Obs.] (b) To have
a view of; to be in sight of; to overlook; to look toward; to open
upon; to front; to face. [A Gallicism: cf. Fr. donner sur.]
Rooms which gave upon a pillared porch. Tennyson.
The gloomy staircase on which the grating gave. Dickens.
-- To give out. (a) To expend all one's strength. Hence: (b) To cease
from exertion; to fail; to be exhausted; as, my feet being to give
out; the flour has given out.
 -- To give over, to cease; to discontinue; to desist.
It would be well for all authors, if they knew when to give over, and
to desist from any further pursuits after fame. Addison.
-- To give up, to cease from effort; to yield; to despair; as, he
would never give up.

GIVEN
Giv"en,

Defn: p. p. & a. from Give, v.

1. (Math. & Logic)

Defn: Granted; assumed; supposed to be known; set forth as a known
quantity, relation, or premise.

2. Disposed; inclined; -- used with an adv.; as, virtuously given.
Shak.

3. Stated; fixed; as, in a given time. Given name, the Christian
name, or name given by one's parents or guardians, as distinguished
from the surname, which is inherited. [Colloq.]

GIVER
Giv"er, n.

Defn: One who gives; a donor; a bestower; a grantor; one who imparts
or distributes.
It is the giver, and not the gift, that engrosses the heart of the
Christian. Kollock.

GIVES
Gives, n. pl. Etym: [See Give, n.]

Defn: Fetters.

GIVING
Giv"ing, n.

1. The act of bestowing as a gift; a conferring or imparting.

2. A gift; a benefaction. [R.] Pope.

3. The act of softening, breaking, or yielding. "Upon the first
giving of the weather." Addison. Giving in, a falling inwards; a
collapse.
 -- Giving out, anything uttered or asserted; an outgiving.
His givings out were of an infinite distance From his true meant
design. Shak.

GIZZARD
Giz"zard, n. Etym: [F. gésier, L. gigeria, pl., the cooked entrails
of poultry. Cf. Gigerium.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The second, or true, muscular stomach of birds, in which the
food is crushed and ground, after being softened in the glandular
stomach (crop), or lower part of the esophagus; the gigerium.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A thick muscular stomach found in many invertebrate animals.
(b) A stomach armed with chitinous or shelly plates or teeth, as in
certain insects and mollusks. Gizzard shad (Zoöl.), an American
herring (Dorosoma cepedianum) resembling the shad, but of little
value.
 -- To fret the gizzard, to harass; to vex one's self; to worry.
[Low] Hudibras.
 -- To stick in one's gizzard, to be difficult of digestion; to be
offensive. [Low]

GLABELLA
Gla*bel"la, n.; pl. Glabell. Etym: [NL., fr. L. glabellus hairless,
fr. glaber bald.] (Anat.)

Defn: The space between the eyebrows, also including the
corresponding part of the frontal bone; the mesophryon.
 -- Gla*bel"lar, a.

GLABELLUM
Gla*bel"lum, n.; pl. Glabella. Etym: [NL. See Glabella.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The median, convex lobe of the head of a trilobite. See
Trilobite.

GLABRATE
Gla"brate, a. Etym: [L. glabrare, fr. glaber smooth.] (Bot.)

Defn: Becoming smooth or glabrous from age. Gray.

GLABREATE; GLABRIATE
Gla"bre*ate, Gla"bri*ate, v. t. Etym: [See Glabrate.]

Defn: To make smooth, plain, or bare. [Obs.]

GLABRITY
Glab"ri*ty, n. Etym: [L. glabritas.]

Defn: Smoothness; baldness. [R.]

GLABROUS
Gla"brous, a. Etym: [L. glaber; cf. Gr.

Defn: Smooth; having a surface without hairs or any unevenness.

GLACE
Gla`cé", a. [F., p.p. of glacer to freeze, to ice. Cf. Glacier.]

Defn: Coated with icing; iced; glazed; -- said of fruits, sweetmeats,
cake, etc.

GLACIAL
Gla"cial, a. Etym: [L. glacialis, from glacies ice: cf. F. glacial.]

1. Pertaining to ice or to its action; consisting of ice; frozen;
icy; esp., pertaining to glaciers; as, glacial phenomena. Lyell.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Resembling ice; having the appearance and consistency of ice; -
- said of certain solid compounds; as, glacial phosphoric or acetic
acids. Glacial acid (Chem.), an acid of such strength or purity as to
crystallize at an ordinary temperature, in an icelike form; as acetic
or carbolic acid.
 -- Glacial drift (Geol.), earth and rocks which have been
transported by moving ice, land ice, or icebergs; bowlder drift.
 -- Glacial epoch or period (Geol.), a period during which the
climate of the modern temperate regions was polar, and ice covered
large portions of the northern hemisphere to the mountain tops.
 -- Glacial theory or hypothesis. (Geol.) See Glacier theory, under
Glacier.

GLACIALIST
Gla"cial*ist, n.

Defn: One who attributes the phenomena of the drift, in geology, to
glaciers.

GLACIATE
Gla"ci*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. glaciatus, p. p. of glaciare to freeze,
fr. glacies ice.]

Defn: To turn to ice.

GLACIATE
Gla"ci*ate, v. t.

1. To convert into, or cover with, ice.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: To produce glacial effects upon, as in the scoring of rocks,
transportation of loose material, etc. Glaciated rocks, rocks whose
surfaces have been smoothed, furrowed, or striated, by the action of
ice.

GLACIATION
Gla`ci*a"tion, n.

1. Act of freezing.

2. That which is formed by freezing; ice.

3. The process of glaciating, or the state of being glaciated; the
production of glacial phenomena.

GLACIER
Gla"cier, n. Etym: [F. glacier, fr. glace ice, L. glacies.]

Defn: An immense field or stream of ice, formed in the region of
perpetual snow, and moving slowly down a mountain slope or valley, as
in the Alps, or over an extended area, as in Greenland.

Note: The mass of compacted snow forming the upper part of a glacier
is called the firn, or névé; the glacier proper consist of solid ice,
deeply crevassed where broken up by irregularities in the slope or
direction of its path. A glacier usually carries with it
accumulations of stones and dirt called moraines, which are
designated, according to their position, as lateral, medial, or
terminal (see Moraine). The common rate of flow of the Alpine
glaciers is from ten to twenty inches per day in summer, and about
half that in winter. Glacier theory (Geol.), the theory that large
parts of the frigid and temperate zones were covered with ice during
the glacial, or ice, period, and that, by the agency of this ice, the
loose materials on the earth's surface, called drift or diluvium,
were transported and accumulated.

GLACIOUS
Gla"cious, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, consisting of or resembling, ice; icy. Sir T.
Browne.

GLACIS
Gla"cis, n. Etym: [F. glacis; -- so named from its smoothness. See
Glacier.]

Defn: A gentle slope, or a smooth, gently sloping bank; especially
(Fort.), that slope of earth which inclines from the covered way
toward the exterior ground or country (see Illust. of Ravelin).

GLAD
Glad, a. [Compar. Gladder; superl. Gladdest.] Etym: [AS. glæd bright,
glad; akin to D. glad smooth, G. glatt, OHG. glat smooth, shining,
Icel. gla glad, bright, Dan. & Sw. glad glad, Lith. glodas smooth,
and prob. to L. glaber, and E. glide. Cf. Glabrous.]

1. Pleased; joyous; happy; cheerful; gratified; -- opposed to sorry,
sorrowful, or unhappy; -- said of persons, and often followed by of,
at, that, or by the infinitive, and sometimes by with, introducing
the cause or reason.
A wise son maketh a glad father. Prov. x. 1.
He that is glad at calamities shall not be unpunished. Prov. xvii. 5.
The Trojan, glad with sight of hostile blood. Dryden.
He, glad of her attention gained. Milton.
As we are now glad to behold your eyes. Shak.
Glad am I that your highness is so armed. Shak.
Glad on 't, glad of it. [Colloq.] Shak.

2. Wearing a gay or bright appearance; expressing or exciting joy;
producing gladness; exhilarating.
Her conversation More glad to me than to a miser money is. Sir P.
Sidney.
Glad evening and glad morn crowned the fourth day. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Pleased; gratified; exhilarated; animated; delighted; happy;
cheerful; joyous; joyful; cheering; exhilarating; pleasing;
animating.
 -- Glad, Delighted, Gratified. Delighted expresses a much higher
degree of pleasure than glad. Gratified always refers to a pleasure
conferred by some human agent, and the feeling is modified by the
consideration that we owe it in part to another. A person may be glad
or delighted to see a friend, and gratified at the attention shown by
his visits.

GLAD
Glad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gladded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gladding.] Etym:
[AS. gladian. See Glad, a., and cf. Gladden, v. t.]

Defn: To make glad; to cheer; to gladden; to exhilarate. Chaucer.
That which gladded all the warrior train. Dryden.
Each drinks the juice that glads the heart of man. Pope.

GLAD
Glad, v. i.

Defn: To be glad; to rejoice. [Obs.] Massinger.

GLADDEN
Glad"den, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gladdened; p. pr. & vb. n. Gladdening.]
Etym: [See Glad, v. t.]

Defn: To make glad; to cheer; to please; to gratify; to rejoice; to
exhilarate.
A secret pleasure gladdened all that saw him. Addison.

GLADDEN
Glad"den, v. i.

Defn: To be or become glad; to rejoice.
The vast Pacific gladdens with the freight. Wordsworth.

GLADDER
Glad"der, n.

Defn: One who makes glad. Chaucer.

GLADE
Glade, n. Etym: [Prob. of Scand. origin, and akin to glad, a.; cf.
also W. golead, goleuad, a lighting, illumination, fr. goleu light,
clear, bright, goleu fwlch glade, lit., a light or clear defile.]

1. An open passage through a wood; a grassy open or cleared space in
a forest.
There interspersed in lawns and opening glades. Pope.

2. An everglade. [Local, U. S.]

3. An opening in the ice of rivers or lakes, or a place left
unfrozen; also, smooth ice. [Local, U. S.] Bottom glade. See under
Bottom.
 -- Glade net, in England, a net used for catching woodcock and other
birds in forest glades.

GLADEN
Gla"den, n. Etym: [AS. glædene, cf. L. gladius a sword. Cf.
Gladiole.] (Bot.)

Defn: Sword grass; any plant with sword-shaped leaves, esp. the
European Iris foetidissima. [Written also gladwyn, gladdon, and
glader.]

GLADEYE
Glad"eye`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European yellow-hammer.

GLADFUL
Glad"ful, a.

Defn: Full of gladness; joyful; glad. [R.] -- Glad"ful*ness, n. [R.]
Spenser.
It followed him with gladful glee. Spenser.

GLADIATE
Glad"i*ate, a. Etym: [L. gladius sword.] (Bot.)

Defn: Sword-shaped; resembling a sword in form, as the leaf of the
iris, or of the gladiolus.

GLADIATOR
Glad"i*a`tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. gladius sword. See Glaive.]

1. Originally, a swordplayer; hence, one who fought with weapons in
public, either on the occasion of a funeral ceremony, or in the
arena, for public amusement.

2. One who engages in any fierce combat or controversy.

GLADIATORIAL; GLADIATORIAN
Glad`i*a*to"ri*al, Glad`i*a*to"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to gladiators, or to contests or combatants in
general.

GLADIATORISM
Glad"i*a`tor*ism, n.

Defn: The art or practice of a gladiator.

GLADIATORSHIP
Glad"i*a`tor*ship, n.

Defn: Conduct, state, or art, of a gladiator.

GLADIATORY
Glad"i*a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. gladiatorius.]

Defn: Gladiatorial. [R.]

GLADIATURE
Glad"i*a*ture, n. Etym: [L. gladiatura.]

Defn: Swordplay; fencing; gladiatorial contest. Gayton.

GLADIOLE
Glad"i*ole, n. Etym: [L. gladiolus a small sword, the sword lily,
dim. of gladius sword. See Glaive.] (Bot.)

Defn: A lilylike plant, of the genus Gladiolus; -- called also corn
flag.

GLADIOLUS
Gla*di"o*lus, n.; pl. L. Gladioli, E. Gladioluses. Etym: [L. See
Gladiole.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants having bulbous roots and gladiate leaves, and
including many species, some of which are cultivated and valued for
the beauty of their flowers; the corn flag; the sword lily.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The middle portion of the sternum in some animals; the
mesosternum.

GLADIUS
Gla"di*us, n.; pl. Gladii. Etym: [L., a sword.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The internal shell, or pen, of cephalopods like the squids.

GLADLY
Glad"ly, adv. Etym: [From Glad, a.]

1. Preferably; by choice. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. With pleasure; joyfully; cheerfully; eagerly.
The common people heard him gladly. Mark xii. 37.

GLADNESS
Glad"ness, n. Etym: [AS. glædnes.]

Defn: State or quality of being glad; pleasure; joyful satisfaction;
cheerfulness.
They . . . did eat their meat with gladness and singleness of heart.
Acts ii. 46.

Note: Gladness is rarely or never equivalent to mirth, merriment,
gayety, and triumph, and it usually expresses less than delight. It
sometimes expresses great joy.
The Jews had joy and gladness, a feast and a good day. Esther viii.
17.

GLADSHIP
Glad"ship, n. Etym: [AS. glædscipe.]

Defn: A state of gladness. [Obs.] Gower.

GLADSOME
Glad"some, a.

1. Pleased; joyful; cheerful.

2. Causing joy, pleasure, or cheerfulness; having the appearance of
gayety; pleasing.
Of opening heaven they sung, and gladsome day. Prior.
-- Glad"some*ly, adv.
 -- Glad"some*ness, n.
Hours of perfect gladsomeness. Wordsworth.

GLADSTONE
Glad"stone, n. Etym: [Named after Wm. E. Gladstone.]

Defn: A four-wheeled pleasure carriage with two inside seats, calash
top, and seats for driver and footman.

GLADWYN
Glad"wyn, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Gladen.

GLAIR
Glair, n. Etym: [F. glaire, glaire d'clarus clear, bright. See Clear,
a.]

1. The white of egg. It is used as a size or a glaze in bookbinding,
for pastry, etc.

2. Any viscous, transparent substance, resembling the white of an
egg.

3. A broadsword fixed on a pike; a kind of halberd.

GLAIR
Glair, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glaired; p. pr. & vb. n. Glairing.]

Defn: To smear with the white of an egg.

GLAIRE
Glaire, n.

Defn: See Glair.

GLAIREOUS
Glair"e*ous, a.

Defn: Glairy; covered with glair.

GLAIRIN
Glair"in, n.

Defn: A glairy viscous substance, which forms on the surface of
certain mineral waters, or covers the sides of their inclosures; --
called also baregin.

GLAIRY
Glair"y, a.

Defn: Like glair, or partaking of its qualities; covered with glair;
viscous and transparent; slimy. Wiseman.

GLAIVE
Glaive, n. Etym: [F. glaive, L. gladius; prob. akin to E. claymore.
Cf. Gladiator.]

1. A weapon formerly used, consisting of a large blade fixed on the
end of a pole, whose edge was on the outside curve; also, a light
lance with a long sharp-pointed head. Wilhelm.

2. A sword; -- used poetically and loosely.
The glaive which he did wield. Spenser.

GLAMA
Gla"ma, n. Etym: [NL.;cf. Gr. gramiae, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A copious gummy secretion of the humor of the eyelids, in
consequence of some disorder; blearedness; lippitude.

GLAMOUR
Gla"mour, n. Etym: [Scot. glamour, glamer; cf. Icel. glámeggdr one
who is troubled with the glaucoma; or Icel. glam-s weakness of sight,
glamour; glamr name of the moon, also of a ghost + s sight akin to E.
see. Perh., however, a corruption of E. gramarye.]

1. A charm affecting the eye, making objects appear different from
what they really are.

2. Witchcraft; magic; a spell. Tennyson.

3. A kind of haze in the air, causing things to appear different from
what they really are.
The air filled with a strange, pale glamour that seemed to lie over
the broad valley. W. Black.

4. Any artificial interest in, or association with, an object,
through which it appears delusively magnified or glorified. Glamour
gift, Glamour might, the gift or power of producing a glamour. The
former is used figuratively, of the gift of fascination peculiar to
women.
It had much of glamour might To make a lady seem a knight. Sir W.
Scott.

GLAMOURIE
Glam"ou*rie, n.

Defn: Glamour. [Scot.]

GLANCE
Glance, n. Etym: [Akin to D. glans luster, brightness, G. glanz, Sw.
glans, D. glands brightness, glimpse. Cf. Gleen, Glint, Glitter, and
Glance a mineral.]

1. A sudden flash of light or splendor.
Swift as the lightning glance. Milton.

2. A quick cast of the eyes; a quick or a casual look; a swift
survey; a glimpse.
Dart not scornful glances from those eyes. Shak.

3. An incidental or passing thought or allusion.
How fleet is a glance of the mind. Cowper.

4. (Min.)

Defn: A name given to some sulphides, mostly dark-colored, which have
a brilliant metallic luster, as the sulphide of copper, called copper
glance. Glance coal, anthracite; a mineral composed chiefly of
carbon.
 -- Glance cobalt, cobaltite, or gray cobalt.
 -- Glance copper, c -- Glance wood, a hard wood grown in Cuba, and
used for gauging instruments, carpenters' rules, etc. McElrath.

GLANCE
Glance, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glanced; p. pr. & vb. n. Glancing.]

1. To shoot or emit a flash of light; to shine; to flash.
From art, from nature, from the schools, Let random influences
glance, Like light in many a shivered lance, That breaks about the
dappled pools. Tennyson.

2. To strike and fly off in an oblique direction; to dart aside.
"Your arrow hath glanced". Shak.
On me the curse aslope Glanced on the ground. Milton.

3. To look with a sudden, rapid cast of the eye; to snatch a
momentary or hasty view.
The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven to
earth, from earth to heaven. Shak.

4. To make an incidental or passing reflection; to allude; to hint; -
- often with at.
Wherein obscurely Cæsar''s ambition shall be glanced at. Shak.
He glanced at a certain reverend doctor. Swift.

5. To move quickly, appearing and disappearing rapidly; to be visible
only for an instant at a time; to move interruptedly; to twinkle.
And all along the forum and up the sacred seat, His vulture eye
pursued the trip of those small glancing feet. Macaulay.

GLANCE
Glance, v. t.

1. To shoot or dart suddenly or obliquely; to cast for a moment; as,
to glance the eye.

2. To hint at; to touch lightly or briefly. [Obs.]
In company I often glanced it. Shak.

GLANCING
Glan"cing, a.

1. Shooting, as light.
When through the gancing lightnings fly. Rowe.

2. Flying off (after striking) in an oblique direction; as, a
glancing shot.

GLANCINGLY
Glan"cing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a glancing manner; transiently; incidentally; indirectly.
Hakewill.

GLAND
Gland, n. Etym: [F. glande, L. glans, glandis, acorn; akin to Gr.
Parable, n.]

1. (Anat.)
(a) An organ for secreting something to be used in, or eliminated
from, the body; as, the sebaceous glands of the skin; the salivary
glands of the mouth.
(b) An organ or part which resembles a secreting, or true, gland, as
the ductless, lymphatic, pineal, and pituitary glands, the functions
of which are very imperfectly known.

Note: The true secreting glands are, in principle, narrow pouches of
the mucous membranes, or of the integument, lined with a continuation
of the epithelium, or of the epidermis, the cells of which produce
the secretion from the blood. In the larger glands, the pouches are
tubular, greatly elongated, and coiled, as in the sweat glands, or
subdivided and branched, making compound and racemose glands, such as
the pancreas.

2. (Bot.)
(a) A special organ of plants, usually minute and globular, which
often secretes some kind of resinous, gummy, or aromatic product.
(b) Any very small prominence.

3. (Steam Mach.)

Defn: The movable part of a stuffing box by which the packing is
compressed; -- sometimes called a follower. See Illust. of Stuffing
box, under Stuffing.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: The crosspiece of a bayonet clutch.

GLANDAGE
Glan"dage, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. glandage. See Gland.]

Defn: A feeding on nuts or mast. [Obs.] Crabb.

GLANDERED
Glan"dered, a.

Defn: Affected with glanders; as, a glandered horse. Yu

GLANDEROUS
Glan"der*ous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to glanders; of the nature of glanders.
Youatt.

GLANDERS
Glan"ders, n. Etym: [From Gland.] (Far.)

Defn: A highly contagious and very destructive disease of horses,
asses, mules, etc., characterized by a constant discharge of sticky
matter from the nose, and an enlargement and induration of the glands
beneath and within the lower jaw. It may transmitted to dogs, goats,
sheep, and to human beings.

GLANDIFEROUS
Glan*dif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. glandifer; glans, glandis, acorn +
ferre to bear; cf. F. glandifère.]

Defn: Bearing acorns or other nuts; as, glandiferous trees.

GLANDIFORM
Gland"i*form, a. Etym: [L. glans, glandis, acorn + -form: cf. F.
glandiforme .]

Defn: Having the form of a gland or nut; resembling a gland.

GLANDULAR
Glan"du*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. glandulaire. See Glandule.]

Defn: Containing or supporting glands; consisting of glands;
pertaining to glands.

GLANDULATION
Glan`du*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. glandulation.] (Bot.)

Defn: The situation and structure of the secretory vessels in plants.
Martyn.
Glandulation respects the secretory vessels, which are either
glandules, follicles, or utricles. J. Lee.

GLANDULE
Glan"dule, n. Etym: [L. glandula, dim. of glans, glandis, acorn: cf.
F. glandule. See Gland.]

Defn: A small gland or secreting vessel.

GLANDULIFEROUS
Glan`du*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. glandula gland + -ferous; cf. F.
glandulifère.]

Defn: Bearing glandules.

GLANDULOSE
Glan"du*lose`, a.

Defn: Same as Glandulous.

GLANDULOSITY
Glan`du*los"i*ty, n.

Defn: Quality of being glandulous; a collection of glands. [R.] Sir
T. Browne.

GLANDULOUS
Glan"du*lous, a. Etym: [L. glandulosus: cf. F. glanduleux.]

Defn: Containing glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to glands;
resembling glands.

GLANS
Glans n.; pl. Glandes. Etym: [L. See Gland.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The vascular body which forms the apex of the penis, and the
extremity of the clitoris.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The acorn or mast of the oak and similar fruits. Gray.

3. (Med.)
(a) Goiter.
(b) A pessary. [Obs.]

GLARE
Glare (glâr), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glared; p. pr. & vb. n. Glaring.]
Etym: [OE. glaren, gloren; cf. AS. glær amber, LG. glaren to glow or
burn like coals, D. gloren to glimmer; prob. akin to E. glass.]

1. To shine with a bright, dazzling light.
The cavern glares with new-admitted light. Dryden.

2. To look with fierce, piercing eyes; to stare earnestly, angrily,
or fiercely.
And eye that scorcheth all it glares upon. Byron.

3. To be bright and intense, as certain colors; to be ostentatiously
splendid or gay.
She glares in balls, front boxes, and the ring. Pope.

GLARE
Glare, v. t.

Defn: To shoot out, or emit, as a dazzling light.
Every eye Glared lightning, and shot forth pernicious fire. Milton.

GLARE
Glare, n.

1. A bright, dazzling light; splendor that dazzles the eyes; a
confusing and bewildering light.
The frame of burnished steel that cast a glare. Dryden.

2. A fierce, piercing look or stare.
About them round, A lion now he stalks with fiery glare. Milton.

3. A viscous, transparent substance. See Glair.

4. A smooth, bright, glassy surface; as, a glare of ice. [U. S. ]

GLARE
Glare, a. Etym: [See Glary, and Glare, n.]

Defn: Smooth and bright or translucent; -- used almost exclusively of
ice; as, skating on glare ice. [U. S.]

GLAREOUS
Glar"e*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. glaireux. See Glair.]

Defn: Glairy. John Georgy (1766).

GLARINESS; GLARINGNESS
Glar"i*ness, Glar"ing*ness, n.

Defn: A dazzling luster or brilliancy.

GLARING
Glar"ing, a.

Defn: Clear; notorious; open and bold; barefaced; as, a glaring
crime.
 -- Glar"ing*ly, adv.

GLARY
Glar"y, a.

Defn: Of a dazzling luster; glaring; bright; shining; smooth.
Bright, crystal glass is glary. Boyle.

GLASS
Glass, n. Etym: [OE. glas, gles, AS. glæs; akin to D., G., Dan., &
Sw. glas, Icel. glas, gler, Dan. glar; cf. AS. glær amber, L.
glaesum. Cf. Glare, n., Glaze, v. t.]

1. A hard, brittle, translucent, and commonly transparent substance,
white or colored, having a conchoidal fracture, and made by fusing
together sand or silica with lime, potash, soda, or lead oxide. It is
used for window panes and mirrors, for articles of table and culinary
use, for lenses, and various articles of ornament.

Note: Glass is variously colored by the metallic oxides; thus,
manganese colors it violet; copper (cuprous), red, or (cupric) green;
cobalt, blue; uranium, yellowish green or canary yellow; iron, green
or brown; gold, purple or red; tin, opaque white; chromium, emerald
green; antimony, yellow.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Any substance having a peculiar glassy appearance, and a
conchoidal fracture, and usually produced by fusion.

3. Anything made of glass. Especially:
(a) A looking-glass; a mirror.
(b) A vessel filled with running sand for measuring time; an
hourglass; and hence, the time in which such a vessel is exhausted of
its sand.
She would not live The running of one glass. Shak.

(c) A drinking vessel; a tumbler; a goblet; hence, the contents of
such a vessel; especially; spirituous liquors; as, he took a glass at
dinner.
(d) An optical glass; a lens; a spyglass; -- in the plural,
spectacles; as, a pair of glasses; he wears glasses.
(e) A weatherglass; a barometer.

Note: Glass is much used adjectively or in combination; as, glass
maker, or glassmaker; glass making or glassmaking; glass blower or
glassblower, etc. Bohemian glass, Cut glass, etc. See under Bohemian,
Cut, etc.
 -- Crown glass, a variety of glass, used for making the finest plate
or window glass, and consisting essentially of silicate of soda or
potash and lime, with no admixture of lead; the convex half of an
achromatic lens is composed of crown glass; -- so called from a
crownlike shape given it in the process of blowing.
 -- Crystal glass, or Flint glass. See Flint glass, in the
Vocabulary.
 -- Cylinder glass, sheet glass made by blowing the glass in the form
of a cylinder which is then split longitudinally, opened out, and
flattened.
 -- Glass of antimony, a vitreous oxide of antimony mixed with
sulphide.
 -- Glass blower, one whose occupation is to blow and fashion glass.
 -- Glass blowing, the art of shaping glass, when reduced by heat to
a viscid state, by inflating it through a tube.
 -- Glass cloth, a woven fabric formed of glass fibers.
 -- Glass coach, a coach superior to a hackney-coach, hired for the
day, or any short period, as a private carriage; -- so called because
originally private carriages alone had glass windows. [Eng.] Smart.
Glass coaches are [allowed in English parks from which ordinary hacks
are excluded], meaning by this term, which is never used in America,
hired carriages that do not go on stands. J. F. Cooper.
-- Glass cutter. (a) One who cuts sheets of glass into sizes for
window panes, ets. (b) One who shapes the surface of glass by
grinding and polishing. (c) A tool, usually with a diamond at the
point, for cutting glass.
 -- Glass cutting. (a) The act or process of dividing glass, as
sheets of glass into panes with a diamond. (b) The act or process of
shaping the surface of glass by appylying it to revolving wheels,
upon which sand, emery, and, afterwards, polishing powder, are
applied; especially of glass which is shaped into facets, tooth
ornaments, and the like. Glass having ornamental scrolls, etc., cut
upon it, is said to be engraved.
 -- Glass metal, the fused material for making glass.
 -- Glass painting, the art or process of producing decorative
effects in glass by painting it with enamel colors and combining the
pieces together with slender sash bars of lead or other metal. In
common parlance, glass painting and glass staining (see Glass
staining, below) are used indifferently for all colored decorative
work in windows, and the like.
 -- Glass paper, paper faced with pulvirezed glass, and used for
abrasive purposes.
 -- Glass silk, fine threads of glass, wound, when in fusion, on
rapidly rotating heated cylinders.
 -- Glass silvering, the process of transforming plate glass into
mirrors by coating it with a reflecting surface, a deposit of silver,
or a mercury amalgam.
 -- Glass soap, or Glassmaker's soap, the black oxide of manganese or
other substances used by glass makers to take away color from the
materials for glass.
 -- Glass staining, the art or practice of coloring glass in its
whole substance, or, in the case of certain colors, in a superficial
film only; also, decorative work in glass. Cf. Glass painting.
 -- Glass tears. See Rupert's drop.
 -- Glass works, an establishment where glass is made.
 -- Heavy glass, a heavy optical glass, consisting essentially of a
borosilicate of potash.
 -- Millefiore glass. See Millefiore.
 -- Plate glass, a fine kind of glass, cast in thick plates, and
flattened by heavy rollers, -- used for mirrors and the best windows.
 -- Pressed glass, glass articles formed in molds by pressure when
hot.
 -- Soluble glass (Chem.), a silicate of sodium or potassium, found
in commerce as a white, glassy mass, a stony powder, or dissolved as
a viscous, sirupy liquid; -- used for rendering fabrics
incombustible, for hardening artificial stone, etc.; -- called also
water glass.
 -- Spun glass, glass drawn into a thread while liquid.
 -- Toughened glass, Tempered glass, glass finely tempered or
annealed, by a peculiar method of sudden cooling by plunging while
hot into oil, melted wax, or paraffine, etc.; -- called also, from
the name of the inventor of the process, Bastie glass.
 -- Water glass. (Chem.) See Soluble glass, above.
 -- Window glass, glass in panes suitable for windows.

GLASS
Glass, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glassed; p. pr. & vb. n. Glassing.]

1. To reflect, as in a mirror; to mirror; -- used reflexively.
Happy to glass themselves in such a mirror. Motley.
Where the Almighty's form glasses itself in tempests. Byron.

2. To case in glass. [R.] Shak.

3. To cover or furnish with glass; to glaze. Boyle.

4. To smooth or polish anything, as leater, by rubbing it with a
glass burnisher.

GLASS-CRAB
Glass"-crab`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larval state (Phyllosoma) of the genus Palinurus and allied
genera. It is remarkable for its strange outlines, thinness, and
transparency. See Phyllosoma.

GLASSEN
Glass"en, a.

Defn: Glassy; glazed. [Obs.]
And pursues the dice with glassen eyes. B. Jonson.

GLASSEYE
Glass"eye`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of the great lakes; the wall-eyed pike.

2. (Far.)

Defn: A species of blindness in horses in which the eye is bright and
the pupil dilated; a sort of amaurosis. Youatt.

GLASS-FACED
Glass"-faced`, a.

Defn: Mirror-faced; reflecting the sentiments of another. [R.] "The
glass-faced flatterer." Shak.

GLASSFUL
Glass"ful, n.; pl. Glassfuls (.

Defn: The contents of a glass; as much of anything as a glass will
hold.

GLASSFUL
Glass"ful, a.

Defn: Glassy; shining like glass. [Obs.] "Minerva's glassful shield."
Marston.

GLASS-GAZING
Glass"-gaz`ing, a.

Defn: Given to viewing one's self in a glass or mirror; finical.
[Poetic] Shak.

GLASSHOUSE
Glass"house`, n.

Defn: A house where glass is made; a commercial house that deals in
glassware.

GLASSILY
Glass"i*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to resemble glass.

GLASSINESS
Glass"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being glassy.

GLASSITE
Glass"ite, n.

Defn: A member of a Scottish sect, founded in the 18th century by
John Glass, a minister of the Established Church of Scotland, who
taught that justifying faith is "no more than a simple assent to the
divine testimone passively recived by the understanding." The English
and American adherents of this faith are called Sandemanians, after
Robert Sandeman, the son-in-law and disciple of Glass.

GLASS MAKER; GLASSMAKER
Glass" mak`er, or; Glass"mak`er, n.

Defn: One who makes, or manufactures, glass.
 -- Glass" mak`ing, or Glass"mak`ing, n.

GLASS-ROPE
Glass"-rope`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A remarkable vitreous sponge, of the genus Hyalonema, first
brought from Japan. It has a long stem, consisting of a bundle of
long and large, glassy, siliceous fibers, twisted together.

GLASS-SNAIL
Glass"-snail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, transparent, land snail, of the genus Vitrina.

GLASS-SNAKE
Glass"-snake`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A long, footless lizard (Ophiosaurus ventralis), of the
Southern United States; -- so called from its fragility, the tail
easily breaking into small pieces. It grows to the length of three
feet. The name is applied also to similar species found in the Old
World.

GLASS-SPONGE
Glass"-sponge`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A siliceous sponge, of the genus Hyalonema, and allied genera;
-- so called from their glassy fibers or spicules; -- called also
vitreous sponge. See Glass-rope, and Euplectella.

GLASSWARE
Glass"ware, n.

Defn: Ware, or articles collectively, made of glass.

GLASSWORK
Glass"work`, n.

Defn: Manufacture of glass; articles or ornamentation made of glass.

GLASSWORT
Glass"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A seashore plant of the Spinach family (Salicornia herbacea),
with succulent jointed stems; also, a prickly plant of the same
family (Salsola Kali), both formerly burned for the sake of the
ashes, which yield soda for making glass and soap.

GLASSY
Glass"y, a.

1. Made of glass; vitreous; as, a glassy substance. Bacon.

2. Resembling glass in its properties, as in smoothness, brittleness,
or transparency; as, a glassy stream; a glassy surface; the glassy
deep.

3. Dull; wanting life or fire; lackluster; -- said of the eyes. "In
his glassy eye." Byron. Glassy feldspar (Min.), a variety of
orthoclase; sanidine.

GLASTONBURY THORN
Glas"ton*bur*y thorn`. (Bot.)

Defn: A variety of the common hawthorn. Loudon.

GLASYNGE
Glas"ynge, n.

Defn: Glazing or glass. [Obs.]

GLAUBERITE
Glau"ber*ite, n. Etym: [From Glauber, a German chemist, died 1668:
cf. F. glaubérite, G. glauberit.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral, consisting of the sulphates of soda and lime.

GLAUBER'S SALT; GLAUBER'S SALTS
Glau"ber's salt` or; Glau"ber's salts` (. Etym: [G. glaubersalz, from
Glauber, a German chemist who discovered it. See Glauberite.]

Defn: Sulphate of soda, a well-known cathartic. It is a white
crystalline substance, with a cooling, slightly bitter taste, and is
commonly called "salts."

Note: It occurs naturally and abundantly in some mineral springs, and
in many salt deposits, as the mineral mirabilite. It is manufactured
in large quantities as an intermediate step in the "soda process,"
and also for use in glass making.

GLAUCESCENT
Glau*ces"cent, a. Etym: [See Glaucous.]

Defn: Having a somewhat glaucous appearance or nature; becoming
glaucous.

GLAUCIC
Glau"cic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Glaucium or horned poppy; -- formerly
applied to an acid derived from it, now known to be fumaric acid.

GLAUCINE
Glau"cine, a.

Defn: Glaucous or glaucescent.

GLAUCINE
Glau"cine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid obtained from the plant Glaucium, as a bitter,
white, crystalline substance.

GLAUCODOT
Glau"co*dot, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A metallic mineral having a grayish tin-white color, and
containing cobalt and iron, with sulphur and arsenic.

GLAUCOMA
Glau*co"ma, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Dimness or abolition of sight, with a diminution of
transparency, a bluish or greenish tinge of the refracting media of
the eye, and a hard inelastic condition of the eyeball, with marked
increase of tension within the eyeball.

GLAUCOMATOUS
Glau*co"ma*tous, a.

Defn: Having the nature of glaucoma.

GLAUCOMETER
Glau*com"e*ter, n.

Defn: See Gleucometer.

GLAUCONITE
Glau"co*nite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. glauconite, glauconie, fr. L. glaucus.
See Glaucous.] (Min.)

Defn: The green mineral characteristic of the greensand of the chalk
and other formations. It is a hydrous silicate of iron and potash.
See Greensand.

GLAUCOPHANE
Glau"co*phane, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a dark bluish color, related to amphibole. It is
characteristic of certain crystalline rocks.

GLAUCOSIS
Glau*co"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Glaucoma.

GLAUCOUS
Glau"cous, a. Etym: [L. glaucus, Gr.

1. Of a sea-green color; of a dull green passing into grayish blue.
Lindley.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Covered with a fine bloom or fine white powder easily rubbed
off, as that on a blue plum, or on a cabbage leaf. Gray.

GLAUCUS
Glau"cus, n. Etym: [L., sea green.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of nudibranchiate mollusks, found in the warmer
latitudes, swimming in the open sea. These mollusks are beautifully
colored with blue and silvery white.

GLAUM
Glaum, v. i. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: To grope with the hands, as in the dark. [Scot.] To glaum at,
to grasp or snatch at; to aspire to.
Wha glaum'd at kingdoms three. Burns.

GLAVE
Glave, n.

Defn: See Glaive.

GLAVER
Glav"er, v. i. Etym: [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. glafr flattery.]

1. To prate; to jabber; to babble. [Obs.]
Here many, clepid filosophirs, glavern diversely. Wyclif.

2. To flatter; to wheedle. [Obs.]
Some slavish, glavering, flattering parasite. South.

GLAVERER
Glav"er*er, n.

Defn: A flatterer. [Obs.] Mir. for Mag.

GLAYMORE
Glay"more`, n.

Defn: A claymore. Johnson.

GLAZE
Glaze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glazed; p. pr. & vb. n. Glazing.] Etym:
[OE. glasen, glazen, fr. glas. See Glass.]

1. To furnish (a window, a house, a sash, a ease, etc.) with glass.
Two cabinets daintily paved, richly handed, and glazed with
crystalline glass. Bacon.

2. To incrust, cover, or overlay with a thin surface, consisting of,
or resembling, glass; as, to glaze earthenware; hence, to render
smooth, glasslike, or glossy; as, to glaze paper, gunpowder, and the
like.
Sorrow's eye glazed with blinding tears. Shak.

3. (Paint.)

Defn: To apply thinly a transparent or semitransparent color to
(another color), to modify the effect.

GLAZE
Glaze, v. i.

Defn: To become glazed of glassy.

GLAZE
Glaze, n.

1. The vitreous coating of pottery or porcelain; anything used as a
coating or color in glazing. See Glaze, v. t., 3. Ure.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: Broth reduced by boiling to a gelatinous paste, and spread
thinly over braised dishes.

3. A glazing oven. See Glost oven.

GLAZEN
Glaz"en, a. Etym: [AS. glæsen.]

Defn: Resembling glass; glasslike; glazed. [Obs.] Wyclif.

GLAZER
Glaz"er, n.

1. One who applies glazing, as in pottery manufacture, etc.; one who
gives a glasslike or glossy surface to anything; a calenderer or
smoother of cloth, paper, and the like.

2. A tool or machine used in glazing, polishing, smoothing, etc.;
amoung cutlers and lapidaries, a wooden wheel covered with emery, or
having a band of lead and tin alloy, for polishing cutlery, etc.

GLAZIER
Gla"zier, n. Etym: [From Glaze.]

Defn: One whose business is to set glass. Glazier's diamond. See
under Diamond.

GLAZING
Glaz"ing, n.

1. The act or art of setting glass; the art of covering with a
vitreous or glasslike substance, or of polishing or rendering glossy.

2. The glass set, or to be set, in a sash, frame. etc.

3. The glass, glasslike, or glossy substance with which any surface
is incrusted or overlaid; as, the glazing of pottery or porcelain, or
of paper.

4. (Paint.)

Defn: Transparent, or semitransparent, colors passed thinly over
other colors, to modify the effect.

GLAZY
Glaz"y, a.

Defn: Having a glazed appearance; -- said of the fractured surface of
some kinds of pin iron.

GLEAD
Glead, n.

Defn: A live coal. See Gleed. [Archaic]

GLEAM
Gleam, v. i. Etym: [Cf. OE. glem birdlime, glue, phlegm, and E.
englaimed.] (Falconry)

Defn: To disgorge filth, as a hawk.

GLEAM
Gleam, n. Etym: [OE. glem, gleam, AS. glæm, prob. akin to E. glimmer,
and perh. to Gr. Glitter.]

1. A shoot of light; a small stream of light; a beam; a ray; a
glimpse.
Transient unexpected gleams of joi. Addison.
At last a gleam Of dawning light turned thitherward in haste His
[Satan's] traveled steps. Milton.
A glimmer, and then a gleam of light. Longfellow.

2. Brightness; splendor.
In the clear azure gleam the flocks are seen. Pope.

GLEAM
Gleam, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gleamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gleaming.]

1. To shoot, or dart, as rays of light; as, at the dawn, light gleams
in the east.

2. To shine; to cast light; to glitter.

Syn.
 -- To Gleam, Glimmer, Glitter. To gleam denotes a faint but distinct
emission of light. To glimmer describes an indistinct and unsteady
giving of light. To glitter imports a brightness that is intense, but
varying. The morning light gleams upon the earth; a distant taper
glimmers through the mist; a dewdrop glitters in the sun. See Flash.

GLEAM
Gleam, v. t.

Defn: To shoot out (flashes of light, etc.).
Dying eyes gleamed forth their ashy lights. Shak.

GLEAMY
Gleam"y, a.

Defn: Darting beams of light; casting light in rays; flashing;
coruscating.
In brazed arms, that cast a gleamy ray, Swift through the town the
warrior bends his way. Pope.

GLEAN
Glean, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gleaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Gleaning.] Etym:
[OE. glenen, OF. glener, glaner, F. glaner, fr. LL. glenare; cf. W.
glan clean, glanh to clean, purify, or AS. gelm, gilm, a hand

1. To gather after a reaper; to collect in scattered or fragmentary
parcels, as the grain left by a reaper, or grapes left after the
gathering.
To glean the broken ears after the man That the main harvest reaps.
Shak.

2. To gather from (a field or vineyard) what is left.

3. To collect with patient and minute labor; to pick out; to obtain.
Content to glean what we can from . . . experiments. Locke.

GLEAN
Glean, v. i.

1. To gather stalks or ears of grain left by reapers.
And she went, and came, and gleaned in the field after the reapers.
Ruth ii. 3.

2. To pick up or gather anything by degrees.
Piecemeal they this acre first, then that; Glean on, and gather up
the whole estate. Pope.

GLEAN
Glean, n.

Defn: A collection made by gleaning.
The gleans of yellow thyme distend his thighs. Dryden.

GLEAN
Glean, n.

Defn: Cleaning; afterbirth. [Obs.] Holland.

GLEANER
Glean"er, n.

1. One who gathers after reapers.

2. One who gathers slowly with labor. Locke.

GLEANING
Glean"ing, n.

Defn: The act of gathering after reapers; that which is collected by
gleaning.
Glenings of natural knowledge. Cook.

GLEBA
Gle"ba, n.; pl. Glebæ (#). [L., a clod.] (Bot.)

Defn: The chambered sporogenous tissue forming the central mass of
the sporophore in puff balls, stinkhorns, etc.

GLEBE
Glebe, n. Etym: [F. glèbe, L. gleba, glaeba, clod, land, soil.]

1. A lump; a clod.

2. Turf; soil; ground; sod.
Fertile of corn the glebe, of oil, and wine. Milton.

3. (Eccl. Law)

Defn: The land belonging, or yielding revenue, to a parish church or
ecclesiastical benefice.

GLEBELESS
Glebe"less, a.

Defn: Having no glebe.

GLEBOSITY
Gle*bos"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being glebous. [R.]

GLEBOUS; GLEBY
Gleb"ous, Gleb"y, a. Etym: [Cf. L. glaebosus cloddy.]

Defn: Pertaining to the glebe; turfy; cloddy; fertile; fruitful.
"Gleby land." Prior.

GLEDE
Glede, n. Etym: [AS. glida, akin to Icel. gle,, Sw. glada. Cf. Glide,
v. i.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common European kite (Milvus ictinus). This name is also
sometimes applied to the buzzard. [Written also glead, gled, gleed,
glade, and glide.]

GLEDE
Glede, n. Etym: [See Gleed.]

Defn: A live coal. [Archaic]
The cruel ire, red as any glede. Chaucer.

GLEE
Glee, n. Etym: [OE. gle, gleo, AS. gleów, gleó, akin to Icel. gl: cf.
Gr.

1. Music; minstrelsy; entertainment. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Joy; merriment; mirth; gayety; paricularly, the mirth enjoyed at a
feast. Spenser.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: An unaccompanied part song for three or more solo voices. It is
not necessarily gleesome.

GLEE CLUB
Glee club.

Defn: A club or company organized for singing glees, and (by
extension) part songs, ballads, etc.

GLEED
Gleed, n. Etym: [AS. gl, fr. gl to glow as a fire; akin to D. gloed,
G. glut, Icel. gl. See Glow, v. i.]

Defn: A live or glowing coal; a glede. [Archaic] Chaucer. Longfellow.

GLEEFUL
Glee"ful, a.

Defn: Merry; gay; joyous. Shak.

GLEEK
Gleek, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. Icel. leika to play, play a trick on, with
the prefix ge-; akin to AS. gelacan, Sw. leka to play, Dan. lege.]

1. A jest or scoff; a trick or deception. [Obs.]
Where's the Bastard's braves, and Charles his gleeks Shak.

2. Etym: [Cf. Glicke]

Defn: An enticing look or glance. [Obs.]
A pretty gleek coming from Pallas' eye. Beau. & Fl.

GLEEK
Gleek, v. i.

Defn: To make sport; to gibe; to sneer; to spend time idly. [Obs.]
Shak.

GLEEK
Gleek, n. Etym: [OF. glic, G. glück, fortune. See Luck.]

1. A game at cards, once popular, played by three persons. [Obs.]
Pepys. Evelyn.

2. Three of the same cards held in the same hand; -- hence, three of
anything. [Obs.]

GLEEMAN
Glee"man, n.; pl. Gleemen. Etym: [Glee + man; AS. gleóman.]

Defn: A name anciently given to an itinerant minstrel or musician.

GLEEN
Gleen, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Glance, Glint.]

Defn: To glisten; to gleam. [Obs.] Prior.

GLEESOME
Glee"some, a.

Defn: Merry; joyous; gleeful.

GLEET
Gleet, n. Etym: [OE. glette, glet, glat, mucus, pus, filth, OF.
glete.] (Med.)

Defn: A transparent mucous discharge from the membrane of the
urethra, commonly an effect of gonorrhea. Hoblyn.

GLEET
Gleet, v. i.

1. To flow in a thin, limpid humor; to ooze, as gleet. Wiseman.

2. To flow slowly, as water. Cheyne.

GLEETY
Gleet"y, a.

Defn: Ichorous; thin; limpid. Wiseman.

GLEG
Gleg, a. Etym: [Icel. glöggr.]

Defn: Quick of perception; alert; sharp. [Scot.] Jamieson.

GLEIRE; GLEYRE
Gleire, Gleyre, n.

Defn: See Glair. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GLEN
Glen, n. Etym: [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. glyn a deep valley, Ir. &
Gael. gleann valley, glen.]

Defn: A secluded and narrow valley; a dale; a depression between
hills.
And wooes the widow's daughter of the glen. Spenser.

GLENGARRY; GLENGARRY BONNET
Glen*gar"ry, n., or Glen*gar"ry bon"net. [Name of a valley in
Scotland.]

Defn: A kind of Highland Scotch cap for men, with straight sides and
a hollow top sloping to the back, where it is parted and held
together by ribbons or strings.

The long silk streamers of his Glengarry bonnet.
L. Hutton.

GLENLIVAT; GLENLIVET
Glen*liv"at, Glen*liv"et, n.

Defn: A kind of Scotch whisky, named from the district in which it
was first made. W. E. Aytoun.

GLENOID
Gle"noid, a. Etym: [Gr. glénoïde.] (Anat.)

Defn: Having the form of a smooth and shallow depression; sockas, the
glenoid cavity, or fossa, of the scapula, in which the head of the
humerus articulates.

GLENOIDAL
Gle*noid"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Glenoid.

GLENT
Glent, n. & v.

Defn: See Glint.

GLEUCOMETER
Gleu*com"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. gleucomètre.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the specific gravity and
ascertaining the quantity of sugar contained in must.

GLEW
Glew, n.

Defn: See Glue. [Obs.]

GLEY
Gley, v. i. Etym: [OE. gli, glien, gleien, to shine, to squint; cf.
Icel. glja to glitter.]

Defn: To squint; to look obliquely; to overlook things. [Scot.]
Jamieson.

GLEY
Gley, adv.

Defn: Asquint; askance; obliquely.

GLIADIN
Gli"a*din, n. Etym: [Gr. gliadine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Vegetable glue or gelatin; glutin. It is one of the
constituents of wheat gluten, and is a tough, amorphous substance,
which resembles animal glue or gelatin.

GLIB
Glib, a. [Compar. Glibber; superl. Glibbest.] Etym: [Prob. fr. D.
glibberen, glippen, to slide, glibberig, glipperig, glib, slippery.]

1. Smooth; slippery; as, ice is glib. [Obs.]

2. Speaking or spoken smoothly and with flippant rapidity; fluent;
voluble; as, a glib tongue; a glib speech.
I want that glib and oily art, To speak and purpose not. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Slippery; smooth; fluent; voluble; flippant.

GLIB
Glib, v. t.

Defn: To make glib. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

GLIB
Glib, n. Etym: [Ir. & Gael. glib a lock of hair.]

Defn: A thick lock of hair, hanging over the eyes. [Obs.]
The Irish have, from the Scythians, mantles and long glibs, which is
a thick curied bush of hair hanging down over their eyes, and
monstrously disguising them. Spenser.
Their wild costume of the glib and mantle. Southey.

GLIB
Glib, v. t. Etym: [Cf. O. & Prov. E. lib to castrate, geld, Prov.
Dan. live, LG. & OD. lubben.]

Defn: To castrate; to geld; to emasculate. [Obs.] Shak.

GLIBBERY
Glib"ber*y, a.

1. Slippery; changeable. [Obs.]
My love is glibbery; there is no hold on't. Marston.

2. Moving easily; nimble; voluble. [Obs.]
Thy lubrical and glibbery muse. B. Jonson.

GLIBLY
Glib"ly, adv.

Defn: In a glib manner; as, to speak glibly.

GLIBNESS
Glib"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being glib.

GLICKE
Glicke, n. Etym: [Cf. Gleek, n., 2, and Ir. & Gael. glic wise,
cunning, crafty.]

Defn: An ogling look. [Obs.]

GLIDDEN
Glid"den, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Glide. Chaucer.

GLIDDER; GLIDDERY
Glid"der, Glid"der*y, a. Etym: [Cf. Glide.]

Defn: Giving no sure footing; smooth; slippery. [Prov. Eng.]
Shingle, slates, and gliddery stones. R. D. Blackmore.

GLIDE
Glide, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The glede or kite.

GLIDE
Glide, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glided; p. pr. & vb. n. Gliding.] Etym:
[AS. glidan; akin to D. glijden, OHG. glitan, G. gleiten, Sw. glida,
Dan. glide, and prob. to E. glad.]

1. To move gently and smoothly; to pass along without noise,
violence, or apparent effort; to pass rapidly and easily, or with a
smooth, silent motion, as a river in its channel, a bird in the air,
a skater over ice.
The river glideth at his own sweet will. Wordsworth.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: To pass with a glide, as the voice.

GLIDE
Glide, n.

1. The act or manner of moving smoothly, swiftly, and without labor
or obstruction.
They prey at last ensnared, he dreadful darts, With rapid glide,
along the leaning line. Thomson.
Seeing Orlando, it unlink'd itself, And with indented glides did slip
away. Shak.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: A transitional sound in speech which is produced by the
changing of the mouth organs from one definite position to another,
and with gradual change in the most frequent cases; as in passing
from the begining to the end of a regular diphthong, or from vowel to
consonant or consonant to vowel in a syllable, or from one component
to the other of a double or diphthongal consonant (see Guide to
Pronunciation, §§ 19, 161, 162). Also (by Bell and others), the
vanish (or brief final element) or the brief initial element, in a
class of diphthongal vowels, or the brief final or initial part of
some consonants (see Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 18, 97, 191).

Note: The on-glide of a vowel or consonant is the glidemade in
passing to it, the off-glide, one made in passing from it. Glides of
the other sort are distinguished as initial or final, or fore-glides
and after-glides. For voice-glide, see Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 17,
95.

GLIDEN
Glid"en, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Glide. Chaucer.

GLIDER
Glid"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, glides.

GLIDING ANGLE
Gliding angle. (Aëronautics)

Defn: The angle, esp. the least angle, at which a gliding machine or
aëroplane will glide to earth by virtue of gravity without applied
power.

GLIDINGLY
Glid"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a gliding manner.

GLIDING MACHINE
Gliding machine. (Aëronautics)

Defn: A construction consisting essentially of one or more aëroplanes
for gliding in an inclined path from a height to the ground.

GLIFF
Gliff, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. gliffen, gliften, to look with fear at.]

1. A transient glance; an unexpected view of something that startles
one; a sudden fear. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell.

2. A moment: as, for a gliff. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

GLIKE
Glike, n. Etym: [See Gleek a jest.]

Defn: A sneer; a flout. [Obs.]

GLIM
Glim, n.

1. Brightness; splendor. [Obs.]

2. A light or candle. [Slang] Dickens. Douse the glim, put out the
light. [Slang]

GLIMMER
Glim"mer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glimmered; p. pr. & vb. n. Glimmering.]
Etym: [Akin to G. glimmer a faint, trembling light, mica, glimmern to
glimmer, glimmen to shine faintly, glow, Sw. glimma, Dan. glimre, D.
glimmen, glimpen. See Gleam a ray, and cf. Glimpse.]

Defn: To give feeble or scattered rays of light; to shine faintly; to
show a faint, unsteady light; as, the glimmering dawn; a glimmering
lamp.
The west yet glimmers with some streaks of day. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To gleam; to glitter. See Gleam, Flash.

GLIMMER
Glim"mer, n.

1. A faint, unsteady light; feeble, scattered rays of light; also, a
gleam.
Gloss of satin and glimmer of pearls. Tennyson.

2. Mica. See Mica. Woodsward. Glimmer gowk, an owl. [Prov. Eng.]
Tennyson.

GLIMMERING
Glim"mer*ing, n.

1. Faint, unsteady light; a glimmer. South.

2. A faint view or idea; a glimpse; an inkling.

GLIMPSE
Glimpse, n. Etym: [For glimse, from the root of glimmer.]

1. A sudden flash; transient luster.
LIght as the lightning glimpse they ran. Milton.

2. A short, hurried view; a transitory or fragmentary perception; a
quick sight.
Here hid by shrub wood, there by glimpses seen. S. Rogers.

3. A faint idea; an inkling.

GLIMPSE
Glimpse, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glimpsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Glimpsing.]

Defn: to appear by glimpses; to catch glimpses. Drayton.

GLIMPSE
Glimpse, v. t.

Defn: To catch a glimpse of; to see by glimpses; to have a short or
hurried view of.
Some glimpsing and no perfect sight. Chaucer.

GLINT
Glint, n. Etym: [OE. glent.]

Defn: A glimpse, glance, or gleam. [Scot.] "He saw a glint of light."
Ramsay.

GLINT
Glint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Glinting.] Etym:
[OE. glenten. Cf. Glance, v. i., Glitter, v. i.]

Defn: To glance; to peep forth, as a flower from the bud; to glitter.
Burns.

GLINT
Glint, v. t.

Defn: To glance; to turn; as, to glint the eye.

GLIOMA
Gli*o"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A tumor springing from the neuroglia or connective tissue of
the brain, spinal cord, or other portions of the nervous system.

GLIRES
Gli"res, n. pl. Etym: [L., dormice.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of mammals; the Rodentia.
 -- Gli"rine, a.

GLISSADE
Glis`sade", n. Etym: [F., fr. glisser to slip.]

Defn: A sliding, as down a snow slope in the Alps. Tyndall.

GLISSANDO
Glis*san"do, n. & a. Etym: [As if It. = Fr. glissant sliding.] (Mus.)

Defn: A gliding effect; gliding.

GLISSETTE
Glis*sette", n. Etym: [F., fr. glisser to slip.] (Math.)

Defn: The locus described by any point attached to a curve that slips
continuously on another fixed curve, the movable curve having no
rotation at any instant.

GLIST
Glist, n. Etym: [From Glisten.]

Defn: Glimmer; mica.

GLISTEN
Glis"ten, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glistened; p. pr. & vb. n. Glistening.]
Etym: [OE. glistnian, akin to glisnen, glisien, AS. glisian,
glisnian, akin to E. glitter. See Glitter, v. i., and cf. Glister, v.
i.]

Defn: To sparkle or shine; especially, to shine with a mild, subdued,
and fitful luster; to emit a soft, scintillating light; to gleam; as,
the glistening stars.

Syn.
 -- See Flash.

GLISTER
Glis"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glistered; p. pr. & vb. n. Glistering.]
Etym: [OE. glistren; akin to G. glistern,glinstern, D. glinsteren,
and E. glisten. See Glisten.]

Defn: To be bright; to sparkle; to be brilliant; to shine; to
glisten; to glitter.
All that glisters is not gold. Shak.

GLISTER
Glis"ter, n.

Defn: Glitter; luster.

GLISTER
Glis"ter, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. glistere.]

Defn: Same as Clyster.

GLISTERINGLY
Glis"ter*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a glistering manner.

GLITTER
Glit"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glittered; p. pr. & vb. n. Glittering.]
Etym: [OE. gliteren; akin to Sw. glittra, Icel. glitra, glita, AS.
glitenian, OS. glitan, OHG. glizzan, G. gleissen, Goth. glitmunjan,
and also to E. glint, glisten, and prob. glance, gleam.]

1. To sparkle with light; to shine with a brilliant and broken light
or showy luster; to gleam; as, a glittering sword.
The field yet glitters with the pomp of war. Dryden.

2. To be showy, specious, or striking, and hence attractive; as, the
glittering scenes of a court.

Syn.
 -- To gleam; to glisten; to shine; to sparkle; to glare. See Gleam,
Flash.

GLITTER
Glit"ter, n.

Defn: A bright, sparkling light; brilliant and showy luster;
brilliancy; as, the glitter of arms; the glitter of royal equipage.
Milton.

GLITTERAND
Glit"ter*and, a.

Defn: Glittering. [Obs.] Spenser.

GLITTERINGLY
Glit"ter*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a glittering manner.

GLOAM
Gloam, v. i. Etym: [See Gloom, Glum.]

1. To begin to grow dark; to grow dusky.

2.

Defn: To be sullen or morose. [Obs.]

GLOAM
Gloam, n.

Defn: The twilight; gloaming. [R.] Keats.

GLOAMING
Gloam"ing, n. Etym: [See Gloom.]

1. Twilight; dusk; the fall of the evening. [Scot. & North of Eng.,
and in poetry.] Hogg.

2. Sullenness; melancholy. [Obs.] J. Still.

GLOAR
Gloar, v. i. Etym: [OD. gloeren, glueren, gluyeren. Cf. Glower.]

Defn: To squint; to stare. [Obs.]

GLOAT
Gloat, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gloated; p. pr. & vb. n. Gloating.] Etym:
[Akin to Icel. glotta to smile scornfully, G. glotzen to gloat.]

Defn: To look steadfastly; to gaz
In vengeance gloating on another's pain. Byron.

GLOBARD
Glo"bard, n. Etym: [OE. globerde, from glow.]

Defn: A glowworm. {Obs.] Holland.

GLOBATE; GLOBATED
Glo"bate, Glo"ba*ted, a. Etym: [L. globatus, p. p. of globare to make
into a ball, fr. globus ball.]

Defn: Having the form of a globe; spherical.

GLOBE
Globe, n. Etym: [L. globus, perh. akin to L. glomus a ball of yarn,
and E. clump, golf: cf. F. globe.]

1. A round or spherical body, solid or hollow; a body whose surface
is in every part equidistant from the center; a ball; a sphere.

2. Anything which is nearly spherical or globular in shape; as, the
globe of the eye; the globe of a lamp.

3. The earth; the terraqueous ball; -- usually preceded by the
definite article. Locke.

4. A round model of the world; a spherical representation of the
earth or heavens; as, a terrestrial or celestial globe; -- called
also artificial globe.

5. A body of troops, or of men or animals, drawn up in a circle; -- a
military formation used by the Romans, answering to the modern
infantry square.
Him round A globe of fiery seraphim inclosed. Milton.
Globe amaranth (Bot.), a plant of the genus Gomphrena (G. globosa),
bearing round heads of variously colored flowers, which long retain
color when gathered.
 -- Globe animalcule, a small, globular, locomotive organism (Volvox
globator), once throught to be an animal, afterward supposed to be a
colony of microscopic algæ.
 -- Globe of compression (Mil.), a kind of mine producing a wide
crater; -- called also overcharged mine.
 -- Globe daisy (Bot.), a plant or flower of the genus Globularing,
common in Europe. The flowers are minute and form globular heads.
 -- Globe sight, a form of front sight placed on target rifles.
 -- Globe slater (Zoöl.), an isopod crustacean of the genus Spheroma.
 -- Globe thistle (Bot.), a thistlelike plant with the flowers in
large globular heads (Cynara Scolymus); also, certain species of the
related genus Echinops.
 -- Globe valve. (a) A ball valve. (b) A valve inclosed in a globular
chamber. Knight.

Syn.
 -- Globe, Sphere, Orb, Ball.
 -- Globe denotes a round, and usually a solid body; sphere is the
term applied in astronomy to such a body, or to the concentric
spheres or orbs of the old astronomers; orb is used, especially in
poetry, for globe or sphere, and also for the pathway of a heavenly
body; ball is applied to the heavenly bodies concieved of as impelled
through space.

GLOBE
Globe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Globed; p. pr. & vb. n. Globing.]

Defn: To gather or form into a globe.

GLOBEFISH
Globe"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A plectognath fish of the genera Diodon, Tetrodon, and allied
genera. The globefishes can suck in water or air and distend the body
to a more or less globular form. Called also porcupine fish, and sea
hedgehog. See Diodon.

GLOBEFLOWER
Globe"flow`er, n. (Bot.)
(a) A plant of the genus Trollius (T. Europæus), found in the
mountainous parts of Europe, and producing handsome globe-shaped
flowers.
(b) The American plant Trollius laxus. Japan globeflower. See
Corchorus.

GLOBE-SHAPED
Globe"-shaped`, a.

Defn: Shaped like a globe.

GLOBIFEROUS
Glo*bif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Globe + -ferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a round or globular tip.

GLOBIGERINA
Glo*big`e*ri"na, n.; pl. Globigerinæ. Etym: [NL., fr. L. globus a
round body + gerere to bear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small Foraminifera, which live abundantly at or near
the surface of the sea. Their dead shells, falling to the bottom,
make up a large part of the soft mud, generally found in depths below
3,000 feet, and called globigerina ooze. See Illust. of Foraminifera.

GLOBOSE
Glo*bose", a. Etym: [L. globosus.]

Defn: Having a rounded form resembling that of a globe; globular, or
nearly so; spherical. Milton.

GLOBOSELY
Glo*bose"ly, adv.

Defn: In a globular manner; globularly.

GLOBOSITY
Glo*bos"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. globositas: cf. F. globosité.]

Defn: Sphericity. Ray.

GLOBOUS
Glo"bous, a. Etym: [See Globose.]

Defn: Spherical. Milton.

GLOBULAR
Glob"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. globulaire.]

Defn: Globe-shaped; having the form of a ball or sphere; spherical,
or nearly so; as, globular atoms. Milton. Globular chart, a chart of
the earth's surface constructed on the principles of the globular
projection.
 -- Globular projection (Map Projection), a perspective projection of
the surface of a hemisphere upon a plane parallel to the base of the
hemisphere, the point of sight being taken in the axis produced
beyond the surface of the opposite hemisphere a distance equal to the
radius of the sphere into the sine of 45º.
 -- Globular sailing, sailing on the arc of a great circle, or so as
to make the shortest distance between two places; circular sailing.

GLOBULARITY
Glob`u*lar"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being globular; globosity; sphericity.

GLOBULARLY
Glob"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: Spherically.

GLOBULARNESS
Glob"u*lar*ness, n.

Defn: Sphericity; globosity.

GLOBULE
Glob"ule, n. Etym: [L. globulus, dim. of globus globe: cf. F.
globule.]

1. A little globe; a small particle of matter, of a spherical form.
Globules of snow. Sir I. Newton.
These minute globules [a mole's eyes] are sunk . . . deeply in the
skull. Paley.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A minute spherical or rounded structure; as blood, lymph, and
pus corpuscles, minute fungi, spores, etc.

3. A little pill or pellet used by homeopathists.

GLOBULET
Glob"u*let, n.

Defn: A little globule. Crabb.

GLOBULIFEROUS
Glob`u*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Globule + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing globules; in geology, used of rocks, and denoting a
variety of concretionary structure, where the concretions are
isolated globules and evenly distributed through the texture of the
rock.

GLOBULIMETER
Glob`u*lim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Globule + -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the number of red blood corpuscles
in the blood.

Note: The method depends on the differences of tint obtained by
mixing a sample of the blood with sodium carbonate solution.

GLOBULIN
Glob"u*lin, n. Etym: [From Globule: cf. F. globuline.] (Phisiol.
Chem.)

Defn: An albuminous body, insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute
solutions of salt. It is present in the red blood corpuscles united
with hæmatin to form hæmoglobin. It is also found in the crystalline
lens of the eye, and in blood serum, and is sometimes called
crystallin. In the plural the word is applied to a group of proteid
substances such as vitellin, myosin, fibrinogen, etc., all insoluble
in water, but soluble in dilute salt solutions.

GLOBULITE
Glob"u*lite, n. Etym: [See Globule.] (Min.)

Defn: A rudimentary form of crystallite, spherical in shape.

GLOBULOUS
Glob"u*lous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. globuleux.]

Defn: Globular; spherical; orbicular.
 -- Glob"u*lous*ness, n.

GLOBY
Glob"y, a.

Defn: Resembling, or pertaining to, a globe; round; orbicular. "The
globy sea." Milton.

GLOCHIDIATE
Glo*chid"i*ate, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having barbs; as, glochidiate bristles. Gray.

GLOCHIDIUM
Glo*chid"i*um, n.; pl. Glochidia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva or young of the mussel, formerly thought to be a
parasite upon the parent's gills.

GLOCKENSPIEL
Glock"en*spiel`, n. [G.; glocke bell + spiel play.] (Music)

Defn: An instrument, originally a series of bells on an iron rod, now
a set of flat metal bars, diatonically tuned, giving a bell-like tone
when played with a mallet; a carillon.

GLODE
Glode, obs.

Defn: imp. of Glide. Chaucer.

GLOMBE; GLOME
Glombe, Glome, v. i.

Defn: To gloom; to look gloomy, morose, or sullen. [Obs.] Surrey.

GLOME
Glome, n.

Defn: Gloom. [Obs.]

GLOME
Glome, n. Etym: [L. glomus a ball. Cf. Globe.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the two prominences at the posterior extremity of the
frog of the horse's foot.

GLOMERATE
Glom"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. glomeratus, p. p. of glomerare to
glomerate, from glomus. See 3d Glome.]

Defn: Gathered together in a roundish mass or dense cluster;
conglomerate.

GLOMERATE
Glom"er*ate, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Glomerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Glomerating.]

Defn: To gather or wind into a ball; to collect into a spherical form
or mass, as threads.

GLOMERATION
Glom`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. glomeratio.]

1. The act of forming or gathering into a ball or round mass; the
state of being gathered into a ball; conglomeration.

2. That which is formed into a ball; a ball. Bacon.

GLOMEROUS
Glom"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. glomerosus, fr. glomus. See 3d Glome.]

Defn: Gathered or formed into a ball or round mass. [Obs.] Blount.

GLOMERULE
Glom"er*ule, n. Etym: [Dim. fr. L. glomus ball.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A head or dense cluster of flowers, formed by condensation of a
cyme, as in the flowering dogwood.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A glomerulus.

GLOMERULUS
Glo*mer"u*lus, n.; pl. Glomeruli. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. glomus. See
3d Glome.] (Anat.)

Defn: The bunch of looped capillary blood vessels in a Malpighian
capsule of the kidney.

GLOMULIFEROUS
Glom`u*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. glomus a ball + -ferous.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having small clusters of minutely branched coral-like
excrescences. M. C. Cooke.

GLONOIN; GLONOINE
Glon"o*in Glon"o*ine, n. Etym: [Glycerin + oxygen + nitrogen + -in, -
ine.]

1. Same as Nitroglycerin; -- called also oil of glonoin. [Obs.]

2. (Med.)

Defn: A dilute solution of nitroglycerin used as a neurotic.

GLOOM
Gloom (gloom), n. Etym: [AS. glom twilight, from the root of E. glow.
See Glow, and cf. Glum, Gloam.]

1. Partial or total darkness; thick shade; obscurity; as, the gloom
of a forest, or of midnight.

2. A shady, gloomy, or dark place or grove.
Before a gloom of stubborn-shafted oaks. Tennyson .

3. Cloudiness or heaviness of mind; melancholy; aspect of sorrow; low
spirits; dullness.
A sullen gloom and furious disorder prevailed by fits. Burke.

4. In gunpowder manufacture, the drying oven.

Syn.
 -- Darkness; dimness; obscurity; heaviness; dullness; depression;
melancholy; dejection; sadness. See Darkness.

GLOOM
Gloom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gloomed; p. pr. & vb. n. Glooming.]

1. To shine or appear obscurely or imperfectly; to glimmer.

2. To become dark or dim; to be or appear dismal, gloomy, or sad; to
come to the evening twilight.
The black gibbet glooms beside the way. Goldsmith.
[This weary day] . . . at last I see it gloom. Spenser.

GLOOM
Gloom, v. t.

1. To render gloomy or dark; to obscure; to darken.
A bow window . . . gloomed with limes. Walpole.
A black yew gloomed the stagnant air. Tennyson.

2. To fill with gloom; to make sad, dismal, or sullen.
Such a mood as that which lately gloomed Your fancy. Tennison.
What sorrows gloomed that parting day. Goldsmith.

GLOOMILY
Gloom"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a gloomy manner.

GLOOMINESS
Gloom"i*ness, n.

Defn: State of being gloomy. Addison.

GLOOMING
Gloom"ing, n. Etym: [Cf. Gloaming.]

Defn: Twilight (of morning or evening); the gloaming.
When the faint glooming in the sky First lightened into day. Trench.
The balmy glooming, crescent-lit. Tennyson.

GLOOMTH
Gloomth, n.

Defn: Gloom. [R.] Walpole.

GLOOMY
Gloom"y, a. [Compar. Gloomier; superl. Gloomiest.]

1. Imperfectly illuminated; dismal through obscurity or darkness;
dusky; dim; clouded; as, the cavern was gloomy. "Though hid in
gloomiest shade." Milton.

2. Affected with, or expressing, gloom; melancholy; dejected; as, a
gloomy temper or countenance.

Syn.
 -- Dark; dim; dusky; dismal; cloudy; moody; sullen; morose;
melancholy; sad; downcast; depressed; dejected; disheartened.

GLOPPEN
Glop"pen, v. t. & i. Etym: [OE. glopnen to be frightened, frighten:
cf. Icel. gl to look downcast.]

Defn: To surprise or astonish; to be startled or astonished. [Prov.
Eng.] Halliwell.

GLORE
Glore, v. i. Etym: [See Gloar.]

Defn: To glare; to glower. [Obs.] Halliwell.

GLORIA
Glo"ri*a, n. Etym: [L., glory.] (Eccl.)
(a) A doxology (beginning Gloria Patri, Glory be to the Father), sung
or said at the end of the Psalms in the service of the Roman Catholic
and other churches.
(b) A portion of the Mass (Gloria in Excelsis Deo, Glory be to God on
high), and also of the communion service in some churches. In the
Episcopal Church the version in English is used.
(c) The musical setting of a gloria.

GLORIATION
Glo`ri*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. gloriatio, from gloriari to glory, boast,
fr. gloria glory. See Glory, n.]

Defn: Boast; a triumphing. [Obs.] Bp. Richardson.
Internal gloriation or triumph of the mind. Hobbes.

GLORIED
Glo"ried, a. Etym: [See Glory.]

Defn: Illustrious; honorable; noble. [Obs.] Milton.

GLORIFICATION
Glo`ri*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. glorificatio: cf. F. glorification.
See Glorify.]

1. The act of glorifyng or of giving glory to. Jer. Taylor.

2. The state of being glorifed; as, the glorification of Christ after
his resurrection.

GLORIFY
Glo"ri*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glorified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Glorifying.] Etym: [F. glorifier, L. glorificare; gloria glory + -
ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]

1. To make glorious by bestowing glory upon; to confer honor and
distinction upon; to elevate to power or happiness, or to celestial
glory.
Jesus was not yet glorified. John vii. 39.

2. To make glorious in thought or with the heart, by ascribing glory
to; to asknowledge the excellence of; to render homage to; to magnify
in worship; to adore.
That we for thee may glorify the Lord. Shak.

GLORIOLE
Glo"ri*ole, n. Etym: [L. gloriola a small glory, dim. of gloria
glory.]

Defn: An aureole. [R.] Msr. Browning.

GLORIOSA
Glo`ri*o"sa, n. Etym: [Nl., fr. L. gloriosus. See Glorious.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of climbing plants with very showy lilylike blossoms,
natives of India.

GLORIOSER
Glo`ri*o"ser, n. Etym: [From L. gloriosus boastful.]

Defn: A boaster. [Obs.] Greene.

GLORIOSO
Glo`ri*o"so, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A boaster. [Obs.] Fuller.

GLORIOUS
Glo"ri*ous, a. Etym: [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L.
gloriosus. See Glory, n.]

1. Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or
receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious;
inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds.
These are thy glorious works, Parent of good ! Milton.

2. Eager for glory or distinction; haughty; boastful; ostentatious;
vainglorious. [Obs.]
Most miserable Is the desire that's glorious. Shak.

3. Ecstatic; hilarious; elated with drink. [Colloq.]
kings may be blest, but Tam was glorious, O'er all the ills of life
victorious. Burns.
During his office treason was no crime, The sons of Belial had a
glorious time. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Eniment; noble; excellent; renowned; illustrious; celebrated;
magnificent; grand; splendid.
 -- Glo"ri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Glo"ri*ous*ness, n. Udall.
Sing ye to the Lord, for he hath triumphed gloriously. Ex. xv. 21.
I speak it not gloriously, nor out of affectation. B. Jonson.

GLORY
Glo"ry, n. Etym: [OE. glorie, OF. glorie, gloire, F. gloire, fr. L.
gloria; prob. akin to Gr. glory, praise, to hear. See Loud.]

1. Praise, honor, admiration, or distinction, accorded by common
consent to a person or thing; high reputation; honorable fame;
renown.
Glory to God in the highest. Luke ii. 14.
Spread his glory through all countries wide. Spenser.

2. That quality in a person or thing which secures general praise or
honor; that which brings or gives renown; an object of pride or
boast; the occasion of praise; excellency; brilliancy; splendor.
Think it no glory to swell in tyranny. Sir P. Sidney.
Jewels lose their glory if neglected. Shak.
Your sex's glory 't is to shine unknown. Young.

3. Pride; boastfulness; arrogance.
In glory of thy fortunes. Chapman.

4. The presence of the Divine Being; the manifestations of the divine
nature and favor to the blessed in heaven; celestial honor; heaven.
Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterward receive me to
glory. Ps. lxxiii. 24.

5. An emanation of light supposed to proceed from beings of peculiar
sanctity. It is represented in art by rays of gold, or the like,
proceeding from the head or body, or by a disk, or a mere line.

Note: This is the general term; when confined to the head it is
properly called nimbus; when encircling the whole body, aureola or
aureole. Glory hole, an opening in the wall of a glass furnace,
exposing the brilliant white light of the interior. Knight.
 -- Glory pea (Bot.), the name of two leguminous plants (Clianthus
Dampieri and C. puniceus) of Australia and New Zeland. They have
showy scarlet or crimson flowers.
 -- Glory tree (Bot.), a name given to several species of the
verbenaceous genus Clerodendron, showy flowering shrubs of tropical
regions.

GLORY
Glo"ry, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gloried; p. pr. & vb. n. Glorying.] Etym:
[OE. glorien, OF. glorier, fr. L. gloriari, fr. gloria glory. See
Glory, n.]

1. To exult with joy; to rejoice.
Glory ye in his holy name. Ps. cv.

2. To boast; to be proud.
God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus
Christ. Gal. vi. 14
No one . . . should glory in his prosperity. Richardson.

GLOSE
Glose, n. & v.

Defn: See Gloze. Chaucer.

GLOSER
Glos"er, n.

Defn: See Glosser.

GLOSS
Gloss, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. glossi a blaze, glys finery, MHG. glosen
to glow, G. glosten to glimmer; perh. akin to E. glass.]

1. Bbrightness or luster of a body proceeding from a smooth surface;
polish; as, the gloss of silk; cloth is calendered to give it a
gloss.
It is no part . . . to set on the face of this cause any fairer gloss
than the naked truth doth afford. Hooker.

2. A specious appearance; superficial quality or show.
To me more dear, congenial to my heart, One native charm than all the
gloss of art. Goldsmith.

GLOSS
Gloss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glossed; p. pr. & vb. n. Glossing.]

Defn: To give a superficial luster or gloss to; to make smooth and
shining; as, to gloss cloth.
The glossed and gleamy wave. J. R. Drake.

GLOSS
Gloss, n. Etym: [OE. glose, F. glose, L. glossa a difficult word
needing explanation, fr. Gr. Gloze, Glossary, Glottis.]

1. A foreign, archaic, technical, or other uncommon word requiring
explanation. [Obs.]

2. An interpretation, consisting of one or more words, interlinear or
marginal; an explanatory note or comment; a running commentary.
All this, without a gloss or comment, He would unriddle in a moment.
Hudibras.
Explaining the text in short glosses. T. Baker.

3. A false or specious explanation. Dryden.

GLOSS
Gloss, v. t.

1. To render clear and evident by comments; to illustrate; to
explain; to annotate.

2. To give a specious appearance to; to render specious and
plausible; to palliate by specious explanation.
You have the art to gloss the foulest cause. Philips.

GLOSS
Gloss, v. i.

1. To make comments; to comment; to explain. Dryden.

2. To make sly remarks, or insinuations. Prior.

GLOSSA
Glos"sa, n.; pl. Gloss. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tongue, or lingua, of an insect. See Hymenoptera.

GLOSSAL
Glos"sal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tongue; lingual.

GLOSSANTHRAX
Glos*san"thrax, n. Etym: [Gr. anthrax: cf. F. glossanthrax.]

Defn: A disease of horses and cattle accompanied by carbuncles in the
mouth and on the tongue.

GLOSSARIAL
Glos*sa"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to glosses or to a glossary; containing a
glossary.

GLOSSARIALLY
Glos*sa"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a glossary.

GLOSSARIST
Glos"sa*rist, n.

Defn: A writer of glosses or of a glossary; a commentator; a
scholiast. Tyrwhitt.

GLOSSARY
Glos"sa*ry, n.; pl. Gossaries. Etym: [L. glossarium, fr. glossa: cf.
F. glossaire. See 3d Gloss.]

Defn: A collection of glosses or explanations of words and passages
of a work or author; a partial dictionary of a work, an author, a
dialect, art, or science, explaining archaic, technical, or other
uncommon words.

GLOSSATA
Glos*sa"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Glossa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Lepidoptera.

GLOSSATOR
Glos*sa"tor, n. Etym: [LL. See 3d Gloss.]

Defn: A writer of glosses or comments; a commentator. [R.] "The . . .
glossators of Aristotle." Milman.

GLOSSER
Gloss"er, n. Etym: [See lst Gloss.]

Defn: A polisher; one who gives a luster.

GLOSSER
Gloss"er, n. Etym: [See 3d Gloss.]

Defn: A writer of glosses; a scholiast; a commentator. L. Addison.

GLOSSIC
Glos"sic, n. Etym: [L. glossa a word requiring a gloss. See 3d
Gloss.]

Defn: A system of phonetic spelling based upon the present values of
English letters, but invariably using one symbol to represent one
sound only.
Ingglish Glosik konvaiA. J. Ellis.

GLOSSILY
Gloss"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a glossy manner.

GLOSSINESS
Gloss"i*ness, n. Etym: [From Glossy.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being glossy; the luster or
brightness of a smooth surface. Boyle.

GLOSSIST
Gloss"ist, n.

Defn: A writer of comments. [Obs.] Milton.

GLOSSITIS
Glos*si"tis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the tongue.

GLOSSLY
Gloss"ly, adv.

Defn: Like gloss; specious. Cowley.

GLOSSOCOMON
Glos*soc"o*mon, n.Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A kind of hoisting winch.

GLOSSOEPIGLOTTIC
Glos`so*ep`i*glot"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. epiglottic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to both tongue and epiglottis; as, glossoepiglottic
folds.

GLOSSOGRAPHER
Glos"sog"ra*pher, n. Etym: [Gr. Gloss.]

Defn: A writer of a glossary; a commentator; a scholiast. Hayward.

GLOSSOGRAPHICAL
Glos`so*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to glossography.

GLOSSOGRAPHY
Glos"sog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [See Glossographer.]

Defn: The writing of glossaries, glosses, or comments for
illustrating an author.

GLOSSOHYAL
Glos`so*hy"al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to both the hyoidean arch and the tongue; -- applied
to the anterior segment of the hyoidean arch in many fishes.
 -- n. The glossohyal bone or cartilage; lingual bone; entoglossal
bone.

GLOSSOLALIA; GLOSSOLALY
Glos`so*la"li*a, Glos*sol"a*ly, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. glossolalie.]

Defn: The gift of tongues. Farrar.

GLOSSOLOGICAL
Glos`so*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to glossology.

GLOSSOLOGIST
Glos*sol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who defines and explains terms; one who is versed in
glossology.

GLOSSOLOGY
Glos*sol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. glossologie. See 3d
Gloss.]

1. The definition and explanation of terms; a glossary.

2. The science of language; comparative philology; linguistics;
glottology.

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
Glos`so*phar`yn*ge"al, a. Etym: [Gr. pharyngeal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to both the tongue and the pharynx; -- applied
especially to the ninth pair of cranial nerves, which are distributed
to the pharynx and tongue.
 -- n. One of the glossopharyngeal nerves.

GLOSSY
Gloss"y, a. [Compar. Glossier; superl. Glossiest.] Etym: [See Gloss
luster.]

1. Smooth and shining; reflecting luster from a smooth surface;
highly polished; lustrous; as, glossy silk; a glossy surface.

2. Smooth; specious; plausible; as, glossy deceit.

GLOST OVEN
Glost" ov`en.

Defn: An oven in which glazed pottery is fired; -- also called glaze
kiln, or glaze.

GLOTTAL
Glot"tal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or produced by, the glottis; glottic.
Glottal catch, an effect produced upon the breath or voice by a
sudden opening or closing of the glotts. Sweet.

GLOTTIC; GLOTTIDEAN
Glot"tic, Glot*tid"e*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the glottis; glottal.

GLOTTIS
Glot"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Gloss an explanatory remark.]
(Anat.)

Defn: The opening from the pharynx into the larynx or into the
trachea. See Larynx.

GLOTTOLOGICAL
Glot`to*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to glottology.

GLOTTOLOGIST
Glot*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: A linguist; a philologist.

GLOTTOLOGY
Glot*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of tongues or languages; comparative philology;
glossology.

GLOUT
Glout, v. i. Etym: [Scot. Cf. Gloat.]

Defn: To pout; to look sullen. [Obs.] Garth.

GLOUT
Glout, v. t.

Defn: To view attentively; to gloat on; to stare at. [Obs.] Wright.

GLOVE
Glove, n. Etym: [OE. glove, glofe, AS. gl; akin to Icel. gl, cf.
Goth. l palm of the hand, Icel. l.]

1. A cover for the hand, or for the hand and wrist, with a separate
sheath for each finder. The latter characteristic distinguishes the
glove from the mitten.

2. A boxing glove. Boxing glove. See under Boxing.
 -- Glove fight, a pugilistic contest in wich the fighters wear
boxing gloves.
 -- Glove money or silver. (a) A tip or gratuity to servants,
professedly to buy gloves with. (b) (Eng. Law.) A reward given to
officers of courts; also, a fee given by the sheriff of a country to
the clerk of assize and judge's officers, when there are no offenders
to be executed.
 -- Glove sponge (Zoöl.), a fine and soft variety of commercial
sponges (Spongia officinalis).
 -- To be hand and glove with, to be intimately associated or on good
terms with. "Hand and glove with traitors." J. H. Newman.
 -- To handle without gloves, to treat without reserve or tenderness;
to deal roughly with. [Colloq.] -- To take up the glove, to accept a
challenge or adopt a quarrel.
 -- To throw down the glove, to challenge to combat.

GLOVE
Glove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gloved; p. pr. & vb. n. Gloving.]

Defn: To cover with, or as with, a glove.

GLOVER
Glov"er, n.

Defn: One whose trade it is to make or sell gloves. Glover's suture
or stitch, a kind of stitch used in sewing up wounds, in which the
thread is drawn alternately through each side from within outward.

GLOW
Glow, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Glowing.] Etym:
[AS. gl; akin to D. gloeijen, OHG. gluoen, G. glühen, Icel. gl, Dan.
gloende glowing. Gloom.]

1. To shine with an intense or white heat; to give forth vivid light
and heat; to be incandenscent.
Glows in the stars, and blossoms in the trees. Pope.

2. To exhibit a strong, bright color; to be brilliant, as if with
heat; to be bright or red with heat or animation, with blushes, etc.
Clad in a gown that glows with Tyrian rays. Dryden.
And glow with shame of your proceedings. Shak.

3. To feel hot; to have a burning sensation, as of the skin, from
friction, exercise, etc.; to burn.
Did not his temples glow In the same sultry winds and acrching heats
Addison.
The cord slides swiftly through his glowing hands. Gay.

4. To feel the heat of passion; to be animated, as by intense love,
zeal, anger, etc.; to rage, as passior; as, the heart glows with
love, zeal, or patriotism.
With pride it mounts, and with revenge it glows. Dryden.
Burns with one love, with one resentment glows. Pope.

GLOW
Glow, v. t.

Defn: To make hot; to flush. [Poetic]
Fans, whose wind did seem To glow the delicate cheeks which they did
cool. Shak.

GLOW
Glow, n.

1. White or red heat; incandscence.

2. Brightness or warmth of color; redness; a rosy flush; as, the glow
of health in the cheeks.

3. Intense excitement or earnestness; vehemence or heat of passion;
ardor.
The red glow of scorn. Shak.

4. Heat of body; a sensation of warmth, as that produced by exercise,
etc.

GLOWBARD
Glow"bard, n. Etym: [See Globard.]

Defn: The glowworm. [Obs.]

GLOWER
Glow"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glowered; p. pr. & vb. n. Glowering.]
Etym: [Cf. Gloar.]

Defn: to look intently; to stare angrily or with a scowl. Thackeray.

GLOWINGLY
Glow"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a glowing manner; with ardent heat or passion.

GLOWLAMP
Glow"lamp`, n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: An aphlogistic lamp. See Aphlogistic.

2. (Elect.)

Defn: An incandescent lamp. See Incandescent, a.

GLOWWORM
Glow"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A coleopterous insect of the genus Lampyris; esp., the wingless
females and larvæ of the two European species (L. noctiluca, and L.
splendidula), which emit light from some of the abdominal segments.
Like a glowworm in the night, The which hath fire in darkness, none
in light. Shak.

Note: The male is winged, and is supposed to be attracted by the
light of the female. In America, the luminous larvæ of several
species of fireflies and fire beetles are called glowworms. Both
sexes of these are winged when mature. See Firefly.

GLOXINIA
Glox*in"i*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: American genus of herbaceous plants with very handsome bell-
shaped blossoms; -- named after B. P. Gloxin, a German botanist.

GLOZE
Gloze, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glozed(); p. pr. & vb. n. Glozing.] Etym:
[OE. glosen, F. gloser. See gloss explanation.]

1. To flatter; to wheedle; to fawn; to talk smoothly. Chaucer.
A false, glozing parasite. South.
So glozed the tempter, and his proem tuned. Milton.

2. To give a specious or false meaning; to ministerpret. Shak.

GLOZE
Gloze, v. t.

Defn: To smooth over; to palliate.
By glozing the evil that is in the world. I. Taylor.

GLOZE
Gloze, n.

1. Flattery; adulation; smooth speech.
Now to plain dealing; lay these glozes by. Shak.

2. Specious show; gloss. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

GLOZER
Gloz"er, n.

Defn: A flatterer. [Obs.] Gifford (1580).

GLUCIC
Glu"cic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, sugar; as, glucic acid.

GLUCINA
Glu*ci"na, n. Etym: [Cf. F. glycine, glucine. So called because it
forms sweet salts. See Glucinum.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white or gray tasteless powder, the oxide of the element
glucinum; -- formerly called glucine.

GLUCINIC
Glu*cin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, glucinum; as,
glucinic oxide.

GLUCINUM
Glu*ci"num, n. Etym: [Cf. F. glucinium, glycium, fr. Gr. Glycerin.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element, of a silver white color, and low
specific gravity (2.1), resembling magnesium. It never occurs
naturally in the free state, but is always combined, usually with
silica or alumina, or both; as in the minerals phenacite,
chrysoberyl, beryl or emerald, euclase, and danalite. It was named
from its oxide glucina, which was known long before the element was
isolated. Symbol Gl. Atomic weight 9.1. Called also beryllium.
[Formerly written also glucinium.]

GLUCOGEN
Glu"co*gen, n. [R.]

Defn: See Glycogen.

GLUCOGENESIS
Glu`co*gen"e*sis, n.

Defn: Glycogenesis. [R.]

GLUCONIC
Glu*con"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, glucose. Gluconic acid (Chem.),
an organic acid, obtained as a colorless, sirupy liquid, by the
oxidation of glucose; -- called also maltonic acid, and dextronic
acid.

GLUCOSE
Glu"cose`, n. Etym: [Gr. Glycerin.]

1. A variety of sugar occurring in nature very abundantly, as in ripe
grapes, and in honey, and produced in great quantities from starch,
etc., by the action of heat and acids. It is only about half as sweet
as cane sugar. Called also dextrose, grape sugar, diabetic sugar, and
starch sugar. See Dextrose.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a large class of sugars, isometric with glucose
proper, and including levulose, galactose, etc.

3. The trade name of a sirup, obtained as an uncrystallizable reside
in the manufacture of glucose proper, and containing, in addition to
some dextrose or glucose, also maltose, dextrin, etc. It is used as a
cheap adulterant of sirups, beers, etc.

GLUCOSIDE
Glu"co*side, n. Etym: [See Glucose.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a large series of amorphous or crystalline substances,
occurring very widely distributed in plants, rarely in animals, and
regarded as influental agents in the formation and disposition of the
sugars. They are frequently of a bitter taste, but, by the action of
ferments, or of dilute acids and alkalies, always break down into
some characteristic substance (acid, aldehyde, alcohol, phenole, or
alkaloid) and glucose (or some other sugar); hence the name. They are
of the nature of complex and compound ethers, and ethereal salts of
the sugar carbohydrates.

GLUCOSURIA
Glu`co*su"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. E. glucose + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A condition in which glucose is discharged in the urine;
diabetes mellitus.

GLUE
Glue, n. Etym: [F. glu, L. glus, akin to gluten, from gluere to draw
together. Cf. Gluten.]

Defn: A hard brittle brownish gelatin, obtained by boiling to a jelly
the skins, hoofs, etc., of animals. When gently heated with water, it
becomes viscid and tenaceous, and is used as a cement for uniting
substances. The name is also given to other adhesive or viscous
substances. Bee glue. See under Bee.
 -- Fish glue, a strong kind of glue obtained from fish skins and
bladders; isinglass.
 -- Glue plant (Bot.), a fucoid seaweed (Gloiopeltis tenax).
 -- Liquid glue, a fluid preparation of glue and acetic acid
oralcohol.
 -- Marine glue, a solution of caoutchouc in naphtha, with shellac,
used in shipbuilding.

GLUE
Glue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glued; p. pr. & vb. n. Gluing.] Etym: [F.
gluer. See Glue, n.]

Defn: To join with glue or a viscous substance; to cause to stick or
hold fast, as if with glue; to fix or fasten.
This cold, congealed blood That glues my lips, and will not let me
speak. Shak.

GLUEPOT
Glue"pot`, n.

Defn: A utensil for melting glue, consisting of an inner pot holding
the glue, immersed in an outer one containing water which is heated
to soften the glue.

GLUER
Glu"er, n.

Defn: One who cements with glue.

GLUEY
Glu"ey, a.

Defn: Viscous; glutinous; of the nature of, or like, glue.

GLUEYNESS
Glu"ey*ness, n.

Defn: Viscidity.

GLUISH
Glu"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat gluey. Sherwood.

GLUM
Glum, n. Etym: [See Gloom.]

Defn: Sullenness. [Obs.] Skelton.

GLUM
Glum, a.

Defn: Moody; silent; sullen.
I frighten people by my glun face. Thackeray.

GLUM
Glum, v. i.

Defn: To look sullen; to be of a sour countenance; to be glum. [Obs.]
Hawes.

GLUMACEOUS
Glu*ma"ceous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. glumancé. See Glume.]

Defn: Having glumes; consisting of glumes.

GLUMAL
Glu"mal, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Characterized by a glume, or having the nature of a glume.

GLUME
Glume, n. Etym: [L. gluma hull, husk, fr. glubere to bark or peel:
cf. F. glume or gloume.] (Bot.)

Defn: The bracteal covering of the flowers or seeds of grain and
grasses; esp., an outer husk or bract of a spikelt. Gray.

GLUMELLA; GLUMELLE
Glu*mel"la, Glu"melle, n. Etym: [F. glumelle, dim. of glume.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the pelets or inner chaffy scales of the flowers or
spikelets of grasses.

GLUMLY
Glum"ly, adv.

Defn: In a glum manner; sullenly; moodily.

GLUMMY
Glum"my, a. Etym: [See Gloom.]

Defn: dark; gloomy; dismal. [Obs.]

GLUMNESS
Glum"ness, n.

Defn: Moodiness; sullenness.

GLUMP
Glump, v. i. Etym: [See Glum.]

Defn: To manifest sullenness; to sulk. [Colloq.]

GLUMPY
Glump"y, a.

Defn: Glum; sullen; sulky. [Colloq.] "He was glumpy enough." T. Hook.

GLUNCH
Glunch, a. Etym: [Cf. Glump.]

Defn: Frowning; sulky; sullen. Sir W. Scott.
 -- n.

Defn: A sullen, angry look; a look of disdain or dislike. [Prov. Eng.
& Scot.]

GLUT
Glut, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Glutting.] Etym:
[OE. glotten, fr. OF. glotir, gloutir, L. glutire, gluttire; cf. Gr.
gar. Cf. Gluttion, Englut.]

1. To swallow, or to swallow greedlly; to gorge.
Though every drop of water swear against it, And gape at widest to
glut him. Shak.

2. To fill to satiety; to satisfy fully the desire or craving of; to
satiate; to sate; to cloy.
His faithful heart, a bloody sacrifice, Torn from his breast, to glut
the tyrant's eyes. Dryden.
The realms of nature and of art were ransacked to glut the wonder,
lust, and ferocity of a degraded populace. C. Kingsley.
To glut the market, to furnish an oversupply of any article of trade,
so that there is no sale for it.

GLUT
Glut, v. i.

Defn: To eat gluttonously or to satiety.
Like three horses that have broken fence, And glutted all night long
breast-deep in corn. Tennyson.

GLUT
Glut, n.

1. That which is swallowed. Milton

2. Plenty, to satiety or repletion; a full supply; hence, often, a
supply beyond sufficiency or to loathing; over abundance; as, a glut
of the market.
A glut of those talents which raise men to eminence. Macaulay.

3. Something that fills up an opening; a clog.

4.
(a) A wooden wedge used in splitting blocks. [Prov. Eng.]
(b) (Mining) A piece of wood used to fill up behind cribbing or
tubbing. Raymond.
(c) (Bricklaying) A bat, or small piece of brick, used to fill out a
course. Knight.
(d) (Arch.) An arched opening to the ashpit of a klin.
(e) A block used for a fulcrum.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The broad-nosed eel (Anguilla latirostris), found in Europe,
Asia, the West Indies, etc.

GLUTACONIC
Glu`ta*con"ic, a. Etym: [Glutaric + aconitic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, an acid intermediate between
glutaric and aconitic acids.

GLUTAEUS
Glu*tæ"us, n. Etym: [NL. See Gluteal.] (Anat.)

Defn: The great muscle of the buttock in man and most mammals, and
the corresponding muscle in many lower animals.

Note: In man, the glutæus is composed of three distinct parts, which
extend and abduct the thigh, and help support the body in standing.

GLUTAMIC
Glu*tam"ic, a. Etym: [Gluten + -amic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to gluten. Glutamic acid, a nitrogenous
organic acid obtained from certain albuminoids, as gluten; -- called
also amido-glutaric acid.C5H9NO4.

GLUTARIC
Glu*tar"ic, a. Etym: [Glutamic + tartaric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid so called; as,
glutaric ethers. Glutaric acid, an organic acid obtained as a white
crystalline substance, isomeric with pyrotartaric acid; -- called
also normal pyrotartaric acid.

GLUTAZINE
Glu"ta*zine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous substance, forming a heavy, sandy powder, white
or nearly so. It is a derivative of pyridine.

GLUTEAL
Glu"te*al, a. Etym: [G. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or in the region of, the glutæus.

GLUTEN
Glu"ten, n. Etym: [L., glue: cf. F. gluten. See Glue.] (Chem.)

Defn: The viscid, tenacious substance which gives adhesiveness to
dough.

Note: Gluten is a complex and variable mixture of glutin or gliadin,
vegetable fibrin, vegetable casein, oily material, etc., and ia a
very nutritious element of food. It may be separated from the flour
of grain by subjecting this to a current of water, the starch and
other soluble matters being thus washed out. Gluten bread, bread
containing a large proportion of gluten; -- used in cases of
diabetes.
 -- Gluten casein (Chem.), a vegetable proteid found in the seeds of
grasses, and extracted as a dark, amorphous, earthy mass.
 -- Gluten fibrin (Chem.), a vegetable proteid found in the cereal
grains, and extracted as an amorphous, brownish yellow substance.

GLUTEUS
Glu*te"us, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Glutæus.

GLUTIN
Glu"tin, n. Etym: [See Gluten.] (Chem.)

1. Same as Gliadin.

2. Sometimes synonymous with Gelatin. [R.]

GLUTINATE
Glu"ti*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glutinated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Glutinating.] Etym: [L. glutinatus, p. p. of glutinare to glue, fr.
gluten glue.]

Defn: To unite with glue; to cement; to stick together. Bailey.

GLUTINATION
Glu`ti*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. glutinatio: cf. F. glutination.]

Defn: The act of uniting with glue; sticking together.

GLUTINATIVE
Glu"ti*na*tive, a. Etym: [L. glutinativus: cf. F. glutinatif.]

Defn: Having the quality of cementing; tenacious; viscous; glutinous.

GLUTINOSITY
Glu`ti*nos"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. glutinosité .]

Defn: The quality of being glutinous; viscousness. [R.]

GLUTINOUS
Glu"ti*nous, a. Etym: [L. glutinosus, fr. gluten glue: cf. F.
glutineux. See Gluten.]

1. Of the nature of glue; resembling glue; viscous; viscid; adhesive;
gluey.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Havig a moist and adhesive or sticky surface, as a leaf or
gland.

GLUTINOUSNESS
Glu"ti*nous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being glutinous.

GLUTTON
Glut"ton, n. Etym: [OE. glotoun, glotun, F. glouton, fr. L. gluto,
glutto. See Glut.]

1. One who eats voraciously, or to excess; a gormandizer.

2. Fig.: One who gluts himself.
Gluttons in murder, wanton to destroy. Granville.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carnivorous mammal (Gulo luscus), of the family Mustelidæ,
about the size of a large badger. It was formerly believed to be
inordinately voracious, whence the name; the wolverene. It is a
native of the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia. Glutton
bird (Zoöl.), the giant fulmar (Ossifraga gigantea); -- called also
Mother Carey's goose, and mollymawk.

GLUTTON
Glut"ton, a.

Defn: Gluttonous; greedy; gormandizing. "Glutton souls." Dryden.
A glutton monastery in former ages makes a hungry ministry in our
days. Fuller.

GLUTTON
Glut"ton, v. t. & i.

Defn: To glut; to eat voraciously. [Obs.]
Gluttoned at last, return at home to pine. Lovelace.
Whereon in Egypt gluttoning they fed. Drayton.

GLUTTONISH
Glut"ton*ish, a.

Defn: Gluttonous; greedy. Sir P. Sidney.

GLUTTONIZE
Glut"ton*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gluttonized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gluttonizing.]

Defn: To eat to excess; to eat voraciously; to gormandize. Hallywell.

GLUTTONOUS
Glut"ton*ous, a.

Defn: Given to gluttony; eating to excess; indulging the appetite;
voracious; as, a gluttonous age.
 -- Glut"ton*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Glut"ton*ous*ness, n.

GLUTTONY
Glut"ton*y, n.; pl. Gluttonies. Etym: [OE. glotonie, OF. glotonie,
gloutonnie.]

Defn: Excess in eating; extravagant indulgence of the appetite for
food; voracity.
Their sumptuous gluttonies, and gorgeous feasts. Milton.

GLYCERATE
Glyc"er*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of glyceric acid.

GLYCERIC
Gly*cer"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, glycerin. Glyceric acid
(Chem.), an organic acid, obtained by the partial oxidation of
glycerin, as a thick liquid. It is a hydroxyl derivative of propionic
acid, and has both acid and alcoholic properties.

GLYCERIDE
Glyc"er*ide, n. Etym: [See Glycerin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound ether (formed from glycerin). Some glycerides exist
ready formed as natural fats, others are produced artificially.

GLYCERIN; GLYCERINE
Glyc"er*in, Glyc"er*ine (, n. Etym: [F. glycérine, fr. Gr. glykero`s,
glyky`s, sweet. Cf. Glucose, Licorice.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oily, viscous liquid, C3H5(OH)3, colorless and odorless, and
with a hot, sweetish taste, existing in the natural fats and oils as
the base, combined with various acids, as oleic, margaric, stearic,
and palmitic. It is a triatomic alcohol, and hence is also called
glycerol. See Note under Gelatin.

Note: It is obtained from fats by saponification, or, on a large
scale, by the action of superheated steam. It is used as an ointment,
as a solvent and vehicle for medicines, and as an adulterant in wine,
beer, etc.

GLYCERITE
Glyc"er*ite, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicinal preparation made by mixing or dissolving a
substance in glycerin.

GLYCEROL
Glyc"er*ol, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Glycerin.

GLYCEROLE
Glyc"er*ole, n. Etym: [F. glycérolé.] (Med.)

Defn: Same as Glycerite.

GLYCERYL
Glyc"er*yl, n. Etym: [Glycerin + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound radical, C3H5, regarded as the essential radical of
glycerin. It is metameric with allyl. Called also propenyl.

GLYCIDE
Glyc"ide, n. Etym: [Glyceric + anhydride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless liquid, obtained from certain derivatives of
glycerin, and regarded as a partially dehydrated glycerin; -- called
also glycidic alcohol.

GLYCIDIC
Gly*cid"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, glycide; as, glycidic acid.

GLYCIN
Gly"cin, n. Etym: [Gr. glyky`s sweet.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Same as Glycocoll.

GLYCOCHOLATE
Gly`co*cho"late, n. Etym: [Glycocoll + cholic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A salt of glycocholic acid; as, sodium glycocholate.

GLYCOCHOLIC
Gly`co*chol"ic, a. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or composed of, glycocoll and cholic acid.
Glycocholic acid (Physiol. Chem.), a conjugate acid, composed of
glycocoll and cholic acid, present in bile in the form of a sodium
salt. The acid commonly forms a resinous mass, but can be
crystallized in long, white needles.

GLYCOCIN
Gly"co*cin, n. Etym: [Glycocoll + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Same as Glycocoll.

GLYCOCOLL
Gly"co*coll, n. Etym: [Gr. glyky`s sweet + ko`lla glue.] (Physiol.
Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline, nitrogenous substance, with a sweet taste,
formed from hippuric acid by boiling with hydrochloric acid, and
present in bile united with cholic acid. It is also formed from
gelatin by decomposition with acids. Chemically, it is amido-acetic
acid. Called also glycin, and glycocin.

GLYCOGEN
Gly"co*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen: cf. F. glycogène.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A white, amorphous, tasteless substance resembling starch,
soluble in water to an opalescent fluid. It is found abundantly in
the liver of most animals, and in small quantity in other organs and
tissues, particularly in the embryo. It is quickly changed into sugar
when boiled with dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, and also by
the action of amylolytic ferments.

GLYCOGENIC
Gly`co*gen"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or caused by, glycogen; as, the glycogenic
function of the liver.

GLYCOGENY; GLYCOGENESIS
Gly*cog"e*ny, Gly`co*gen"e*sis, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The production or formation of sugar from gycogen, as in the
liver.

GLYCOL
Gly"col, n. Etym: [Glycerin + -ol. See Glycerin.] (Chem.)
(a) A thick, colorless liquid, C2H4(OH)2, of a sweetish taste,
produced artificially from certain ethylene compounds. It is a diacid
alcohol, intermediate between ordinary ethyl alcohol and glycerin.
(b) Any one of the large class of diacid alcohols, of which glycol
proper is the type.

GLYCOLIC
Gly*col"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, glycol; as, glycolic ether;
glycolic acid. Glycolic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, found
naturally in unripe grapes and in the leaves of the wild grape
(Ampelopsis quinquefolia), and produced artificially in many ways, as
by the oxidation of glycol, -- whence its name. It is a sirupy, or
white crystalline, substance, HO.CH2.CO2H, has the properties both of
an alcohol and an acid, and is a type of the hydroxy acids; -- called
also hydroxyacetic acid.

GLYCOLIDE
Gly"co*lide, n. Etym: [Glycol + anhydride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white amorphous powder, C4H4O, obtained by heating and
dehydrating glycolic acid. [Written also glycollide.]

GLYCOLURIC
Gly`co*lu"ric, a. Etym: [Glycol + uric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, glycol and urea; as, glycoluric
acid, which is called also hydantoic acid.

GLYCOLURIL
Gly`co*lu"ril, n. Etym: [Glycolyl + uric.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance, obtained by the
reduction of allantoïn.

GLYCOLYL
Gly"co*lyl, n. Etym: [Glycolic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A divalent, compound radical, CO.CH2, regarded as the essential
radical of glycolic acid, and a large series of related compounds.

GLYCONIAN
Gly*co"ni*an, a. & n.

Defn: Glyconic.

GLYCONIC
Gly*con"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Glycon.] (Pros.)

Defn: Consisting of a spondee, a choriamb, and a pyrrhic; -- applied
to a kind of verse in Greek and Latin poetry.
 -- n. (Pros.)

Defn: A glyconic verse.

GLYCONIN
Gly"co*nin, n.

Defn: An emulsion of glycerin and the yolk of eggs, used as an
ointment, as a vehicle for medicines, etc.

GLYCOSE
Gly"cose, n. [Gr.  sweet + -ose.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of carbohydrates having from three to nine atoms
of carbon in the molecules and having the constitution either of an
aldehyde alcohol or of a ketone alcohol. Most glycoses have hydrogen
and oxygen present in the proportion to form water, while the number
of carbon atoms is usually equal to the number of atoms of oxygen.

GLYCOSINE
Gly"co*sine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An organic base, C6H6N4, produced artificially as a white,
crystalline powder, by the action of ammonia on glyoxal.

GLYCOSOMETER
Gly`co*som"e*ter, n. [Gr.  sweet + -meter.] (Med.)

Defn: An apparatus for determining the amount of sugar in diabetic
urine.

GLYCOSURIA
Gly`co*su"ri*a, n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Gluoosuria.

GLYCYRRHIZA
Glyc`yr*rhi"za, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Licorice.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of papilionaceous herbaceous plants, one species of
which (G. glabra), is the licorice plant, the roots of which have a
bittersweet mucilaginous taste.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The root of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice root), used as a
demulcent, etc.

GLYCYRRHIZIMIC
Glyc`yr*rhi*zim"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: From, or pertaining to, glycyrrhizin; as, glycyrrhizimic acid.

GLYCYRRHIZIN
Gly*cyr"rhi*zin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. glycyrrhizine. See Glycyrrhiza.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside found in licorice root (Glycyrrhiza), in monesia
bark (Chrysophyllum), in the root of the walnut, etc., and extracted
as a yellow, amorphous powder, of a bittersweet taste.

GLYN; GLYNNE
Glyn, Glynne, n.

Defn: A glen. See Glen.

Note: [Obs. singly, but occurring often in locative names in Ireland,
as Glen does in Scotland.]
He could not beat out the Irish, yet he did shut them up within those
narrow corners and glyns under the mountain's foot. Spenser.

GLYOXAL
Gly*ox"al, n. Etym: [Glycol + oxalic + aldehyde.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, amorphous, deliquescent powder, (CO.H)2, obtained by
the partial oxidation of glycol. It is a double aldehyde, between
glycol and oxalic acid.

GLYOXALIC
Gly`ox*al"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an aldehyde acid, intermediate
between glycol and oxalic acid. [Written also glyoxylic.]

GLYOXALINE
Gly*ox"a*line, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline, organic base, C3H4N2, produced by the
action of ammonia on glyoxal, and forming the origin of a large class
of derivatives hence, any one of the series of which glyoxaline is a
type; -- called also oxaline.

GLYOXIME
Gly*ox"ime, n. Etym: [Glyoxal + oxime.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance, produced by the
action of hydroxylamine on glyoxal, and belonging to the class of
oximes; also, any one of a group of substances resembling glyoxime
proper, and of which it is a type. See Oxime.

GLYPH
Glyph, n. Etym: [Gr. glyphe. Cf. Cleave to split.] (Arch.)

Defn: A sunken channel or groove, usually vertical. See Triglyph.

GLYPHIC
Glyph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Of or pertaining to sculpture or carving of any sort, esp. to
glyphs.

GLYPHOGRAPH
Glyph"o*graph, n.

Defn: A plate made by glyphography, or an impression taken from such
a plate.

GLYPHOGRAPHIC
Glyph`o*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to glyphography.

GLYPHOGRAPHY
Gly*phog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A process similar to etching, in which, by means of voltaic
electricity, a raised copy of a drawing is made, so that it can be
used to print from.

GLYPTIC
Glyp"tic, a. Etym: [See Glyph.]

1. Of or pertaining to gem engraving.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Figured; marked as with figures.

GLYPTICS
Glyp"tics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. glyptique. See Glyph.]

Defn: The art of engraving on precious stones.

GLYPTODON
Glyp"to*don, n. Etym: [Gr. Glyph.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct South American quaternary mammal, allied to the
armadillos. It was as large as an ox, was covered with tessellated
scales, and had fluted teeth. Owen.

GLYPTODONT
Glyp"to*dont, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: One of a family (glyptodontidæ) of extinct South American
edentates, of which Glyptodon is the type. About twenty species are
known.

GLYPTOGRAPHIC
Glyp`to*graph"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. glyptographique.]

Defn: Relating to glyptography, or the art of engraving on precious
stones. [R.]

GLYPTOGRAPHY
Glyp*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. glyptographie.]

Defn: The art or process of engraving on precious stones. [R.]

GLYPTOTHECA
Glyp`to*the"ca, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A building or room devoted to works of sculpture.

GLYSTER
Glys"ter, n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Clyster.

GMELINITE
Gmel"in*ite, n. Etym: [Named after the German chemist Gmelin.] (Min.)

Defn: A rhombohedral zeolitic mineral, related in form and
composition to chabazite.

GNAPHALIUM
Gna*pha"li*um, n. Etym: [Nl., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of composite plants with white or colored dry and
persistent involucres; a kind of everlasting.

GNAR
Gnar, n. Etym: [OE. knarre, gnarre, akin to OD. knor, G. knorren. Cf.
Knar, Knur, Gnarl.]

Defn: A knot or gnarl in wood; hence, a tough, thickset man; --
written also gnarr. [Archaic]
He was . . . a thick gnarre. Chaucer.

GNAR
Gnar, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gnarred; p. pr. & vb. n. Gnarring.] Etym:
[See Gnarl.]

Defn: To gnarl; to snarl; to growl; -- written also gnarr. [Archaic]
At them he gan to rear his bristles strong, And felly gnarre.
Spenser.
A thousand wants Gnarr at the heels of men. Tennison.

GNARL
Gnarl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gnarled; p. pr. & vb. n. Gnarling.] Etym:
[From older gnar, prob. of imitative origin; cf. G. knarren, knurren.
D. knorren, Sw. knorra, Dan. knurre.]

Defn: To growl; to snarl.
And wolves are gnarling who shall gnaw thee first. Shak.

GNARL
Gnarl, n. Etym: [See Gnar, n.]

Defn: a knot in wood; a large or hard knot, or a protuberance with
twisted grain, on a tree.

GNARLED
Gnarled, a.

Defn: Knotty; full of knots or gnarls; twisted; crossgrained.
The unwedgeable and gnarléd oak. Shak.

GNARLY
Gnarl"y, a.

Defn: Full of knots; knotty; twisted; crossgrained.

GNASH
Gnash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gnashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gnashing.] Etym:
[OE. gnasten, gnaisten, cf. Icel. gnastan a gnashing, gn to gnash,
Dan.knaske, Sw. gnissla, D. knarsen, G. knirschen.]

Defn: To strike together, as in anger or pain; as, to gnash the
teeth.

GNASH
Gnash, v. i.

Defn: To grind or strike the teeth together.
There they him laid, Gnashing for anguish, and despite, and shame.
Milton.

GNASHINGLY
Gnash"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With gnashing.

GNAT
Gnat, n. Etym: [AS. gnæt.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A blood-sucking dipterous fly, of the genus Culex, undergoing a
metamorphosis in water. The females have a proboscis armed with
needlelike organs for penetrating the skin of animals. These are
wanting in the males. In America they are generally called
mosquitoes. See Mosquito.

2. Any fly resembling a Culex in form or habits; esp., in America, a
small biting fly of the genus Simulium and allies, as the buffalo
gnat, the black fly, etc. Gnat catcher (Zoöl.), one of several
species of small American singing birds, of the genus Polioptila,
allied to the kinglets.
 -- Gnat flower, the bee flower.
 -- Gnat hawk (Zoöl.), the European goatsucker; -- called also gnat
owl.
 -- Gnat snapper (Zoöl.), a bird that catches gnats.
 -- Gnat strainer, a person ostentatiously punctilious about trifles.
Cf. Matt. xxiii. 24.

GNATHIC
Gnath"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the jaw. Gnathic index, in a skull, the
ratio of the distance from the middle of the nasofrontal suture to
the basion (taken equal to 100), to the distance from the basion to
the middle of the front edge of the upper jaw; -- called also
alveolar index.
Skulls with the gnathic index below 98 are orthognathous, from 98 to
103 mesognathous, and above 103 are prognathous. Flower.

GNATHIDIUM
Gna*thid"i*um, n.; pl. Gnathidia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ramus of the lower jaw of a bird as far as it is naked; --
commonly used in the plural.

GNATHITE
Gnath"ite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of the mouth appendages of the Arthropoda. They are
known as mandibles, maxillæ, and maxillipeds.

GNATHONIC; GNATHONICAL
Gna*thon"ic, Gna*thon"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. Gnatho, name of a parasite
in the "Eunuchus" of Terence, Gr.

Defn: Flattering; deceitful. [Obs.]

GNATHOPOD
Gnath"o*pod, n. Etym: [Gr. -pod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gnathopodite or maxilliped. See Maxilliped.

GNATHOPODITE
Gna*thop"o*dite, n. (Zoöl,)

Defn: Any leglike appendage of a crustacean, when modified wholly, or
in part, to serve as a jaw, esp. one of the maxillipeds.

GNATHOSTEGITE
Gna*thos"te*gite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a pair of broad plates, developed from the outer
maxillipeds of crabs, and forming a cover for the other mouth organs.

GNATHOSTOMA
Gna*thos"to*ma, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A comprehensive division of vertebrates, including all that
have distinct jaws, in contrast with the leptocardians and
marsipobranchs (Cyclostoma), which lack them. [Written also
Gnathostomata.]

GNATHOTHECA
Gnath`o*the"ca, n.; pl. GnathothecÆ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The horney covering of the lower mandible of a bird.

GNATLING
Gnat"ling, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small gnat.

GNATWORM
Gnat"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The aquatic larva of a gnat; -- called also, colloquially,
wiggler.

GNAW
Gnaw, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gnawed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gnawing.] Etym:
[OE. gnawen, AS. gnagan; akin to D. knagen, OHG. gnagan, nagan, G.
nagen, Icel. & Sw. gnaga, Dan. gnave, nage. Cf. Nag to tease.]

1. To bite, as something hard or tough, which is not readily
separated or crushed; to bite off little by little, with effort; to
wear or eat away by scraping or continuous biting with the teeth; to
nibble at.
His bones clean picked; his very bones they gnaw. Dryden.

2. To bite in agony or rage.
They gnawed their tongues for pain. Rev. xvi. 10.

3. To corrode; to fret away; to waste.

GNAW
Gnaw, v. i.

Defn: To use the teeth in biting; to bite with repeated effort, as in
eating or removing with the teethsomething hard, unwiedly, or
unmanageable.
I might well, like the spaniel, gnaw upon the chain that ties me. Sir
P. Sidney.

GNAWER
Gnaw"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, gnaws.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rodent.

GNEISS
Gneiss, n. Etym: [G.] (Geol.)

Defn: A crystalline rock, consisting, like granite, of quartz,
feldspar, and mica, but having these materials, especially the mica,
arranged in planes, so that it breaks rather easily into coarse slabs
or flags. Hornblende sometimes takes the place of the mica, and it is
then called hornblendic or syenitic gneiss. Similar varieties of
related rocks are also called gneiss.

GNEISSIC
Gneis"sic, a.

Defn: Relating to, or resembling, gneiss; consisting of gneiss.

GNEISSOID
Gneis"soid, a. Etym: [Gneiss+ -old.]

Defn: Resembling gneiss; having some of the characteristics of
gneiss; -- applied to rocks of an intermediate character between
granite and gneiss, or mica slate and gneiss.

GNEISSOSE
Gneis"sose`, a.

Defn: Having the structure of gneiss.

GNEW
Gnew, obs.

Defn: imp. of Gnaw. Chaucer.

GNIDE
Gnide (nid), v. t. Etym: [AS. gnidan.]

Defn: To rub; to bruise; to break in pieces. [Obs.]

Note: This word is found in Tyrwhitt's Chaucer, but improperly. The
woed, though common in Old English, does not occur in Chaucer. T. R.
Lounsbury.

GNOF
Gnof, n.

Defn: Churl; curmudgeon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GNOME
Gnome, n. Etym: [F. gnome, prob. fr. Gr. i. e., of the treasures in
the inner parts of the earth, or fr. Know.]

1. An imaginary being, supposed by the Rosicrucians to inhabit the
inner parts of the earth, and to be the guardian of mines, quarries,
etc.

2. A dwarf; a goblin; a person of small stature or misshapen
features, or of strange appearance.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small owl (Glaucidium gnoma) of the Western United States.

4. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A brief reflection or maxim. Peacham.

GNOMIC; GNOMICAL
Gnom"ic, Gnom"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. gnomique. See Gnome maxim.]

Defn: Sententious; uttering or containing maxims, or striking
detached thoughts; aphoristic.
A city long famous as the seat of elegiac and gnomic poetry. G. R.
Lewes.
Gnomic Poets, Greek poets, as Theognis and Solon, of the sixth
century B. C., whose writings consist of short sententious precepts
and reflections.

GNOMICAL
Gnom"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Gnomon.]

Defn: Gnomonical. Boyle.

GNOMICALLY
Gnom"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a gnomic, didactic, or sententious manner.

GNOMOLOGIC; GNOMOLOGICAL
Gno`mo*log"ic, Gno`mo*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to, of the nature of, or resembling, a gnomology.

GNOMOLOGY
Gno*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. gnomologie.]

Defn: A collection of, or a treatise on, maxims, grave sentences, or
reflections. [Obs.] Milton.

GNOMON
Gno"mon, n. Etym: [L. gnomon, Gr. Gnome.]

1. (Dialing)

Defn: The style or pin, which by its shadow, shows the hour of the
day. It is usually set parallel to the earth's axis.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A style or column erected perpendicularly to the horizon,
formerly used in astronomocal observations. Its principal use was to
find the altitude of the sun by measuring the length of its shadow.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: The space included between the boundary lines of two similar
parallelograms, the one within the other, with an angle in common;
as, the gnomon bcdefg of the parallelograms ac and af. The
parallelogram bf is the complement of the parallelogram df.

4. The index of the hour circle of a globe.

GNOMONIC; GNOMONICAL
Gno*mon"ic, Gno*mon"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. gnomonicus, Gr. gnomonique.
See Gnomon.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the gnomon, or the art of dialing. Gnomonic
projection, a projection of the circles of the sphere, in which the
point of sight is taken at the center of the sphere, and the
principal plane is tangent to the surface of the sphere. "The
gnomonic projection derives its name from the connection between the
methods of describing it and those for the construction of a gnomon
or dial." Cyc. of Arts & Sciences.

GNOMONICALLY
Gno*mon"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to the principles of the gnomonic projection.

GNOMONICS
Gno*mon"ics, n. Etym: [See Gnomonic.]

Defn: The art or science of dialing, or of constructing dials to show
the hour of the day by the shadow of a gnomon.

GNOMONIST
Gno"mon*ist, n.

Defn: One skilled in gnomonics. Boyle.

GNOMONOLOGY
Gno`mon*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gnomon + -logy. Cf. Gnomonology.]

Defn: A treatise on gnomonics.

GNOSCOPINE
Gnos"co*pine, n. Etym: [Gr. gignw`skein to know + E. opium] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid existing in small quantities in opium.

GNOSIS
Gno"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gnw^sis.] (Metaph.)

Defn: The deeper wisdom; knowledge of spiritual truth, such as was
claimed by the Gnostics.

GNOSTIC
Gnos"tic, a.

1. Knowing; wise; shrewd. [Old Slang]
I said you were a gnostic fellow. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Gnosticism or its adherents; as, the
Gnostic heresy.

GNOSTIC
Gnos"tic, n. Etym: [L. gnosticus, Gr. gignw`skein to know: cf. F.
gnostique. See Know.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of the so-called philosophers in the first ages of
Christianity, who claimed a true philosophical interpretation of the
Christian religion. Their system combined Oriental theology and Greek
philosophy with the doctrines of Christianity. They held that all
natures, intelligible, intellectual, and material, are derived from
the Deity by successive emanations, which they called Eons.

GNOSTICISM
Gnos"ti*cism, n.

Defn: The system of philosophy taught by the Gnostics.

GNOW
Gnow, obs. imp. of Gnaw.

Defn: Gnawed. Chaucer.

GNU
Gnu, n. Etym: [Hottentot gnu, or nju: cf. F. gnou.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of two species of large South African antelopes of the
genus Catoblephas, having a mane and bushy tail, and curved horns in
both sexes. [Written also gnoo.]

Note: The common gnu or wildebeest (Catoblephas gnu) is plain brown;
the brindled gnu or blue wildebeest (C. gorgon) is larger, with
transverse stripes of black on the neck and shoulders.

GO
Go, obs. p. p. of Go.

Defn: Gone. Chaucer.

GO
Go, v. i. [imp. Went; p. p. Gone; p. pr. & vb. n. Going. Went comes
from the AS, wendan. See Wend, v. i.] Etym: [OE. gan, gon, AS. gan,
akin to D. gaan, G. gehn, gehen, OHG. g, gan, SW. ga, Dan. gaae; cf.
Gr. ha to go, AS. gangan, and E. gang. The past tense in AS., eode,
is from the root i to go, as is also Goth. iddja went. sq. root47a.
Cf. Gang, v. i., Wend.]

1. To pass from one place to another; to be in motion; to be in a
state not motionless or at rest; to proced; to advance; to make
progress; -- used, in various applications, of the movement of both
animate and inanimate beings, by whatever means, and also of the
movements of the mind; also figuratively applied.

2. To move upon the feet, or step by step; to walk; also, to walk
step by step, or leisurely.

Note: In old writers go is much used as opposed to run, or ride.
"Whereso I go or ride." Chaucer.
You know that love Will creep in service where it can not go. Shak.
Thou must run to him; for thou hast staid so long that going will
scarce serve the turn. Shak.
He fell from running to going, and from going to clambering upon his
hands and his knees. Bunyan.

Note: In Chaucer go is used frequently with the pronoun in the
objective used reflexively; as, he goeth him home.

3. To be passed on fron one to another; to pass; to circulate; hence,
with for, to have currency; to be taken, accepted, or regarded.
The man went among men for an old man in the days of Saul. 1 Sa.
xvii. 12.
[The money] should go according to its true value. Locke.

4. To proceed or happen in a given manner; to fare; to move on or be
carried on; to have course; to come to an issue or result; to
succeed; to turn out.
How goes the night, boy Shak.
I think, as the world goes, he was a good sort of man enough.
Arbuthnot.
Whether the cause goes for me or against me, you must pay me the
reward. I Watts.

5. To proceed or tend toward a result, consequence, or product; to
tend; to conduce; to be an ingredient; to avail; to apply; to
contribute; -- often with the infinitive; as, this goes to show.
Against right reason all your counsels go. Dryden.
To master the foul flend there goeth some complement knowledge of
theology. Sir W. Scott.

6. To apply one's self; to set one's self; to undertake.
Seeing himself confronted by so many, like a resolute orator, he went
not to denial, but to justify his cruel falsehood. Sir P. Sidney.

Note: Go, in this sense, is often used in the present participle with
the auxiliary verb to be, before an infinitive, to express a future
of intention, or to denote design; as, I was going to say; I am going
to begin harvest.

7. To proceed by a mental operation; to pass in mind or by an act of
the memory or imagination; -- generally with over or through.
By going over all these particulars, you may receive some tolerable
satisfaction about this great subject. South.

8. To be with young; to be pregnant; to gestate.
The fruit she goes with, I pray for heartily, that it may find Good
time, and live. Shak.

9. To move from the person speaking, or from the point whence the
action is contemplated; to pass away; to leave; to depart; -- in
opposition to stay and come.
I will let you go, that ye may sacrifice to the Lord your God; . . .
only ye shall not go very far away. Ex. viii. 28.

10. To pass away; to depart forever; to be lost or ruined; to perish;
to decline; to decease; to die.
By Saint George, he's gone! That spear wound hath our master sped.
Sir W. Scott.

11. To reach; to extend; to lead; as, a line goes across the street;
his land goes to the river; this road goes to New York.
His amorous expressions go no further than virtue may allow. Dryden.

12. To have recourse; to resort; as, to go to law.

Note: Go is used, in combination with many prepositions and adverbs,
to denote motion of the kind indicated by the preposition or adverb,
in which, and not in the verb, lies the principal force of the
expression; as, to go against to go into, to go out, to go aside, to
go astray, etc. Go to, come; move; go away; -- a phrase of
exclamation, serious or ironical.
 -- To go a-begging, not to be in demand; to be undesired.
 -- To go about. (a) To set about; to enter upon a scheme of action;
to undertake. "They went about to slay him." Acts ix. 29.
They never go about . . . to hide or palliate their vices. Swift.
(b) (Naut.) To tack; to turn the head of a ship; to wear.
 -- To go abraod. (a) To go to a foreign country. (b) To go out of
doors. (c) To become public; to be published or disclosed; to be
current.
Then went this saying abroad among the brethren. John xxi. 23.
-- To go against. (a) To march against; to attack. (b) To be in
opposition to; to be disagreeable to.
 -- To go ahead. (a) To go in advance. (b) To go on; to make
progress; to proceed.
 -- To go and come. See To come and go, under Come.
 -- To go aside. (a) To withdraw; to retire.
He . . . went aside privately into a desert place. Luke. ix. 10.
(b) To go from what is right; to err. Num. v. 29.-- To go back on.
(a) To retrace (one's path or footsteps). (b) To abandon; to turn
against; to betray. [Slang, U. S.] -- To go below (Naut), to go below
deck.
 -- To go between, to interpose or mediate between; to be a secret
agent between parties; in a bad sense, to pander.
 -- To go beyond. See under Beyond.
 -- To go by, to pass away unnoticed; to omit.
 -- To go by the board (Naut.), to fall or be carried overboard; as,
the mast went by the board.
 -- To go down. (a) To descend. (b) To go below the horizon; as, the
sun has gone down. (c) To sink; to founder; -- said of ships, etc.
(d) To be swallowed; -- used literally or figuratively. [Colloq.]
Nothing so ridiculous, . . . but it goes down whole with him for
truth. L' Estrange.
-- To go far. (a) To go to a distance. (b) To have much weight or
influence.
 -- To go for. (a) To go in quest of. (b) To represent; to pass for.
(c) To favor; to advocate. (d) To attack; to assault. [Low] (e) To
sell for; to be parted with for (a price).
 -- To go for nothing, to be parted with for no compensation or
result; to have no value, efficacy, or influence; to count for
nothing.
 -- To go forth. (a) To depart from a place. (b) To be divulged or
made generally known; to emanate.
The law shall go forth of Zion, and the word of the Lord from
Jerusalem. Micah iv. 2.
-- To go hard with, to trouble, pain, or endanger.
 -- To go in, to engage in; to take part. [Colloq.] -- To go in and
out, to do the business of life; to live; to have free access. John
x. 9.
 -- To go in for. [Colloq.] (a) To go for; to favor or advocate (a
candidate, a measure, etc.). (b) To seek to acquire or attain to
(wealth, honor, preferment, etc.) (c) To complete for (a reward,
election, etc.). (d) To make the object of one's labors, studies,
etc.
He was as ready to go in for statistics as for anything else.
Dickens.
-- To go in to or unto. (a) To enter the presence of. Esther iv.
16.(b) To have sexual intercourse with. [Script.] -- To go into. (a)
To speak of, investigate, or discuss (a question, subject, etc.). (b)
To participate in (a war, a business, etc.).
 -- To go large. (Naut) See under Large.
 -- To go off. (a) To go away; to depart.
The leaders . . . will not go off until they hear you. Shak.
(b) To cease; to intermit; as, this sickness went off. (c) To die.
Shak. (d) To explode or be discharged; -- said of gunpowder, of a
gun, a mine, etc. (e) To find a purchaser; to be sold or disposed of.
(f) To pass off; to take place; to be accomplished.
The wedding went off much as such affairs do. Mrs. Caskell.
-- To go on. (a) To proceed; to advance further; to continue; as, to
go on reading. (b) To be put or drawn on; to fit over; as, the coat
will not go on.
 -- To go all fours, to correspond exactly, point for point.
It is not easy to make a simile go on all fours. Macaulay.
-- To go out. (a) To issue forth from a place. (b) To go abroad; to
make an excursion or expedition.
There are other men fitter to go out than I. Shak.
What went ye out for to see Matt. xi. 7, 8, 9.
(c) To become diffused, divulged, or spread abroad, as news, fame
etc. (d) To expire; to die; to cease; to come to an end; as, the
light has gone out.
Life itself goes out at thy displeasure. Addison.
-- To go over. (a) To traverse; to cross, as a river, boundary, etc.;
to change sides.
I must not go over Jordan. Deut. iv. 22.
Let me go over, and see the good land that is beyond Jordan. Deut.
iii. 25.
Ishmael . . . departed to go over to the Ammonites. Jer. xli. 10.
(b) To read, or study; to examine; to review; as, to go over one's
accounts.
If we go over the laws of Christianity, we shall find that . . . they
enjoin the same thing. Tillotson.
(c) To transcend; to surpass. (d) To be postponed; as, the bill went
over for the session. (e) (Chem.) To be converted (into a specified
substance or material); as, monoclinic sulphur goes over into
orthorhombic, by standing; sucrose goes over into dextrose and
levulose.
 -- To go through. (a) To accomplish; as, to go through a work. (b)
To suffer; to endure to the end; as, to go through a surgical
operation or a tedious illness. (c) To spend completely; to exhaust,
as a fortune. (d) To strip or despoil (one) of his property. [Slang]
(e) To botch or bungle a business. [Scot.] -- To go through with, to
perform, as a calculation, to the end; to complete.
 -- To go to ground. (a) To escape into a hole; -- said of a hunted
fox. (b) To fall in battle.
 -- To go to naught (Colloq.), to prove abortive, or unavailling.
 -- To go under. (a) To set; -- said of the sun. (b) To be known or
recognized by (a name, title, etc.). (c) To be overwhelmed,
submerged, or defeated; to perish; to succumb.
 -- To go up, to come to nothing; to prove abortive; to fail. [Slang]
-- To go upon, to act upon, as a foundation or hypothesis.
 -- To go with. (a) To accompany. (b) To coincide or agree with. (c)
To suit; to harmonize with.
 -- To go (well, ill, or hard) with, to affect (one) in such manner.
 -- To go without, to be, or to remain, destitute of.
 -- To go wrong. (a) To take a wrong road or direction; to wander or
stray. (b) To depart from virtue. (c) To happen unfortunately. (d) To
miss success.
 -- To let go, to allow to depart; to quit one's hold; to release.

GO
Go, v. t.

1. To take, as a share in an enterprise; to undertake or become
responsible for; to bear a part in.
They to go equal shares in the booty. L'Estrange.

2. To bet or wager; as, I'll go you a shilling. [Colloq.] To go
halves, to share with another equally.
 -- To go it, to behave in a wild manner; to be uproarious; to carry
on; also, to proceed; to make progress. [Colloq.] -- To go it alone
(Card Playing), to play a hand without the assistance of one's
partner.
 -- To go it blind. (a) To act in a rash, reckless, or headlong
manner. [Slang] (b) (Card Playing) To bet without having examined the
cards.
 -- To go one's way, to set forth; to depart.

GO
Go, n.

1. Act; working; operation. [Obs.]
So gracious were the goes of marriage. Marston.

2. A circumstance or occurrence; an incident. [Slang]
This is a pretty go. Dickens.

3. The fashion or mode; as, quite the go. [Colloq.]

4. Noisy merriment; as, a high go. [Colloq.]

5. A glass of spirits. [Slang]

6. Power of going or doing; energy; vitality; perseverance; push; as,
there is no go in him. [Colloq.]

7. (Cribbage)

Defn: That condition in the course of the game when a player can not
lay down a card which will not carry the aggregate count above
thirty-one. Great go, Little go, the final and the preliminary
examinations for a degree. [Slang, Eng. Univ.] -- No go, a failure; a
fiasco. [Slang] Thackeray.
 -- On the go, moving about; unsettled. [Colloq.]

GOA
Go"a, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of antelope (Procapra picticauda), inhabiting Thibet.

GOAD
Goad, n. Etym: [AS. gad; perh. akin to AS. gar a dart, and E. gore.
See Gore, v. t.]

Defn: A pointed instrument used to urge on a beast; hence, any
necessity that urges or stimulates.
The daily goad urging him to the daily toil. Macaulay.

GOAD
Goad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Goaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Goading.]

Defn: To prick; to drive with a goad; hence, to urge forward, or to
rouse by anything pungent, severe, irritating, or inflaming; to
stimulate.
That temptation that doth goad us on. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To urge; stimulate; excite; arouse; irritate; incite; instigate.

GOAF
Goaf; n.; pl. Goafs or Goaves. Etym: [Cf. lst Gob.] (Mining)

Defn: That part of a mine from which the mineral has been partially
or wholly removed; the waste left in old workings; -- called also gob
. To work the goaf or gob, to remove the pillars of mineral matter
previously left to support the roof, and replace them with props.
Ure.

GOAL
Goal, n. Etym: [F. gaule pole, Prov. F. waule, of German origin; cf.
Fries. walu staff, stick, rod, Goth. walus, Icel. völr a round stick;
prob. akin to E. wale.]

1. The mark set to bound a race, and to or around which the
constestants run, or from which they start to return to it again; the
place at which a race or a journey is to end.
Part curb their fiery steeds, or shun the goal With rapid wheels.
Milton.

2. The final purpose or aim; the end to which a design tends, or
which a person aims to reach or attain.
Each individual seeks a several goal. Pope.

3. A base, station, or bound used in various games; in football, a
line between two posts across which the ball must pass in order to
score; also, the act of kicking the ball over the line between the
goal posts. Goal keeper, the player charged with the defense of the
goal.

GOA POWDER
Go"a pow"der. Etym: [So called from Goa, on the Malabar coast,
whither it was shipped from Portugal.]

Defn: A bitter powder (also called araroba) found in the interspaces
of the wood of a Brazilian tree (Andira araroba) and used as a
medicine. It is the material from which chrysarobin is obtained.

GOAR
Goar, n.

Defn: Same as lst Gore.

GOARISH
Goar"ish, a.

Defn: Patched; mean. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

GOAT
Goat, n. Etym: [OE goot, got, gat, AS. gat; akin to D. geit, OHG.
geiz, G. geiss, Icel. geit, Sw. get, Dan. ged, Goth. gaits, L. haedus
a young goat, kid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hollow-horned ruminant of the genus Capra, of several species
and varieties, esp. the domestic goat (C. hircus), which is raised
for its milk, flesh, and skin.

Note: The Cashmere and Angora varieties of the goat have long, silky
hair, used in the manufacture of textile fabrics. The wild or bezoar
goat (Capra ægagrus), of Asia Minor, noted for the bezoar stones
found in its stomach, is supposed to be one of the ancestral species
ofthe domestic goat. The Rocky Montain goat (Haplocercus montanus) is
more nearly related to the antelopes. See Mazame. Goat antelope
(Zoöl), one of several species of antelopes, which in some respects
resemble a goat, having recurved horns, a stout body, large hoofs,
and a short, flat tail, as the goral, thar, mazame, and chikara.
 -- Goat fig (Bot.), the wild fig.
 -- Goat house. (a) A place for keeping goats. (b) A brothel. [Obs.]
-- Goat moth (Zoöl.), any moth of the genus Cossus, esp. the large
European species (C. ligniperda), the larva of which burrows in oak
and willow trees, and requires three years to mature. It exhales an
odor like that of the he-goat.
 -- Goat weed (Bot.), a scrophulariaceous plant, of the genus
Capraria (C. biflora).
 -- Goat's bane (Bot.), a poisonous plant (Aconitum Lucoctonum),
bearing pale yellow flowers, introduced from Switzerland into
England; wolfsbane.
 -- Goat's beard (Bot.), a plant of the genus Tragopogon; -- so named
from the long silky beard of the seeds. One species is the salsify or
oyster plant.
 -- Goat's foot (Bot.), a kind of wood sorrel (Oxalis caprina)
growing at the Cape of Good Hope.
 -- Goat's rue (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Galega officinalis of
Europe, or Tephrosia Virginiana in the United States).
 -- Goat's thorn (Bot.), a thorny leguminous plant (Astragalus
Tragacanthus), found in the Levant.
 -- Goat's wheat (Bot.), the genus Tragopyrum (now referred to
Atraphaxis).

GOATEE
Goat`ee", n.

Defn: A part of a man's beard on the chin or lower lip which is
allowed to grow, and trimmed so as to resemble the beard of a goat.

GOATFISH
Goat"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of the genus Upeneus, inhabiting the Gulf of Mexico. It
is allied to the surmullet.

GOATHERD
Goat"herd`, n.

Defn: One who tends goats. Spenser.

GOATISH
Goat"ish, a.

Defn: Characteristic of a goat; goatlike.
Give your chaste body up to the embraces Of goatish lust. Massinger.
-- Goat"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Goat"ish*ness, n.

GOATLIKE
Goat"like`, a.

Defn: Like a goat; goatish.

GOATSKIN
Goat"skin`, n.

Defn: The skin of a goat, or leather made from it.
 -- a.

Defn: Made of the skin of a goat.

GOATSUCKER
Goat"suck`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of insectivorous birds, belonging to
Caprimulgus and allied genera, esp. the European species (Caprimulgus
Europæus); -- so called from the mistaken notion that it sucks goats.
The European species is also goat-milker, goat owl, goat chaffer,
fern owl, night hawk, nightjar, night churr, churr-owl, gnat hawk,
and dorhawk .

GOAVES
Goaves, n. pl. Etym: [See Goaf, n.] (Mining)

Defn: Old workings. See Goaf. Raymond.

GOB
Gob, n. Etym: [Cf. Goaf.] (Mining)

Defn: Same as Goaf.

GOB
Gob, n. Etym: [OF. gob morsel; cf. F. gobe, gobbe, a poisoned morsel,
poison ball, gobet a piece swallowed, gober to swallow greedily and
without tasting; cf. Gael. & Ir. gob mouth, snout, W. gwp a bird's
head and neck. Cf. Gobble, Job, n.]

1. A little mass or collection; a small quantity; a mouthful. [Low]
L'Estrange.

2. The mouth. [Prov. Eng.or Low] Wright.

GOBANG
Go*bang", n. [Written also goban.] [Jap. goban checkerboard, fr.
Chino-Jap. go checker + ban board.]

Defn: A Japanese game, played on a checkerboard, in which the object
of the game is to be the first in placing five pieces, or men, in a
row in any direction.

GOBBET
Gob"bet, n. Etym: [OE. & F. gobet. See 2d Gob.]

Defn: A mouthful; a lump; a small piece. Spenser.
[He] had broken the stocks to small gobbets. Wyclif.

GOBBET
Gob"bet, v. t.

Defn: To swallow greedily; to swallow in gobbets. [Low] L'Estrange.

GOBBETLY
Gob"bet*ly, adv.

Defn: In pieces. [Obs.] Huloet.

GOBBING
Gob"bing, n. Etym: [See lst Gob.] (Mining)
(a) The refuse thrown back into the excavation after removing the
coal. It is called also gob stuff. Brande & C.
(b) The process of packing with waste rock; stowing.

GOBBLE
Gob"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gobbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Gobbling.]
Etym: [Freq. of 2d gob.]

1. To swallow or eat greedily or hastily; to gulp.
Supper gobbled up in haste. Swift.

2. To utter (a sound) like a turkey cock.
He . . . gobbles out a note of self-approbation. Goldsmith.
To gobble up, to capture in a mass or in masses; to capture suddenly.
[Slang]

GOBBLE
Gob"ble, v. i.

1. To eat greedily.

2. To make a noise like that of a turkey cock. Prior.

GOBBLE
Gob"ble, n.

Defn: A noise made in the throat.
Ducks and geese . . . set up a discordant gobble. Mrs. Gore.

GOBBLER
Gob"bler, n.

Defn: A turkey cock; a bubbling Jock.

GOBELIN
Gob"e*lin, a.

Defn: Pertaining to tapestry produced in the so-called Gobelin works,
which have been maintained by the French Government since 1667.

GOBEMOUCHE
Gobe`mouche", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Literally, a fly swallower; hence, once who keeps his mouth
open; a boor; a silly and credulous person.

GOBET
Gob"et, n.

Defn: See Gobbet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GO-BETWEEN
Go"-be*tween`, n.

Defn: An intermediate agent; a broker; a procurer; -- usually in a
disparaging sense. Shak.

GOBIOID
Go"bi*oid, a. Etym: [NL. Gobius + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the goby, or the genus Gobius.
 -- n.

Defn: A gobioid fish.

GOBLET
Gob"let, n. Etym: [F. gobelet, LL. gobeletus, gobellus; cf. L. cupa
tub, cask. See Cupel.]

Defn: A kind of cup or drinking vessel having a foot or standard, but
without a handle.
We love not loaded boards and goblets crowned. Denham.

GOBLIN
Gob"lin, n. Etym: [OE. gobelin, F. gobelin, LL. gobelinus, fr. Gr.
kobold, E. kobold, cobalt, Armor. gobilin an ignis fatuus, goblin.]

Defn: An evil or mischievous spirit; a playful or malicious elf; a
frightful phantom; a gnome.
To whom the goblin, full of wrath, replied. Milton.

GOBLINE
Gob"line`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: One of the ropes or chains serving as stays for the dolphin
striker or the bowsprit; -- called also gobrope and gaubline.

GOBLINIZE
Gob"lin*ize, v. t.

Defn: To transform into a goblin. [R.] Lowell.

GOBSTICK
Gob"stick`, n.  [Gob mouth + stick.]

1. (Angling)

Defn: A stick or device for removing the hook from a fish's gullet.

He . . . wrenched out the hook with the short wooden stick he called
a "gobstick."
Kipling.

2.  A spoon. [Prov. Eng. or Slang]

GOBY
Go"by, n.; pl. Gobies. Etym: [F. gobie, L. gobius, gobio, Gr.
Gudgeon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of small marine fishes of the genus
Gobius and allied genera.

GO-BY
Go"-by`, n.

Defn: A passing without notice; intentional neglect; thrusting away;
a shifting off; adieu; as, to give a proposal the go-by.
Some songs to which we have given the go-by. Prof. Wilson.

GOCART
Go"cart`, n.

Defn: A framework moving on casters, designed to support children
while learning to walk.

GOD
God, a. & n.

Defn: Good. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GOD
God, n. Etym: [AS. god; akin to OS. & D. god, OHG. got, G. gott,
Icel. gu, go, Sw. & Dan. gud, Goth. gup, prob. orig. a p. p. from a
root appearing in Skr. h, p. p. h, to call upon, invoke, implore.
Goodbye, Gospel, Gossip.]

1. A being conceived of as possessing supernatural power, and to be
propitiated by sacrifice, worship, etc.; a divinity; a deity; an
object of worship; an idol.
He maketh a god, and worshipeth it. Is. xliv. 15.
The race of Israel . . . bowing lowly down To bestial gods. Milton.

2. The Supreme Being; the eternal and infinite Spirit, the Creator,
and the Sovereign of the universe; Jehovah.
God is a Spirit; and they that worship him must worship him in spirit
and in truth. John iv. 24.

3. A person or thing deified and honored as the chief good; an object
of supreme regard.
Whose god is their belly. Phil. iii. 19.

4. Figuratively applied to one who wields great or despotic power.
[R.] Shak. Act of God. (Law) See under Act.
 -- Gallery gods, the occupants of the highest and cheapest gallery
of a theater. [Colloq.] -- God's acre, God's field, a burial place; a
churchyard. See under Acre.
 -- God's house. (a) An almshouse. [Obs.] (b) A church.
 -- God's penny, earnest penny. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
 -- God's Sunday, Easter.

GOD
God, v. t.

Defn: To treat as a god; to idolize. [Obs.] Shak.

GODCHILD
God"child`, n.

Defn: One for whom a person becomes sponsor at baptism, and whom he
promises to see educated as a Christian; a godson or goddaughter. See
Godfather.

GODDAUGHTER
God"daugh`ter, n. Etym: [AS. goddohtor.]

Defn: A female for whom one becomes sponsor at baptism.

GODDESS
God"dess, n.

1. A female god; a divinity, or deity, of the female sex.
When the daughter of Jupiter presented herself among a crowd of
goddesses, she was distinguished by her graceful stature and superior
beauty. Addison.

2. A woman of superior charms or excellence.

GODE
Gode, a. & n.

Defn: Good. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GODELICH
Gode"lich, a.

Defn: Goodly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GO-DEVIL
Go"-dev"il, n. (Mach.)
 (a) A weight which is dropped into a bore, as of an oil well, to
explode a cartridge previously lowered.
 (b) A device, as a loosely fitted plug, which is driven through a
pipe by the pressure of the contents behind the plug to clear away
obstructions.
 (c) A rough sled or dray used for dragging logs, hauling stone, etc.
[Local, U. S.]

GODE-YEAR
Gode"-year, n. Etym: [See Goujere.]

Defn: The venereal disease; -- often used as a mild oath. [Obs.]
Shak.

GODFATHER
God"fa`ther, n. Etym: [AS. godfæder. Cf. Gossip.]

Defn: A man who becomes sponsor for a child at baptism, and makes
himself a surety for its Christian training and instruction.
There shall be for every Male-child to be baptized, when they can be
had, two Godfathers and one Godmother; and for every Female, one
Godfather and two Godmothers; and Parents shall be admitted as
Sponsors, if it is desired. Book of Common Prayer (Prot. Episc. Ch.,
U. S. ).

GODFATHER
God"fa`ther, v. t.

Defn: To act as godfather to; to take under one's fostering care.
[R.] Burke.

GOD-FEARING
God"-fear`ing, a.

Defn: Having a reverential and loving feeling towards God; religious.
A brave good-fearing man. Tennyson.

GODHEAD
God"head, n. Etym: [OE. godhed. See -head, and cf. Godhood.]

1. Godship; deity; divinity; divine nature or essence; godhood.

2. The Deity; God; the Supreme Being.
The imperial throne Of Godhead, fixed for ever. Milton.

3. A god or goddess; a divinity. [Obs.]
Adoring first the genius of the place, The nymphs and native godheads
yet unknown. Dryden.

GODHOOD
God"hood, n. Etym: [God + -hood. Cf. Godhead.]

Defn: Divine nature or essence; deity; godhead.

GODILD
God"ild.

Defn: A corruption of God yield, i. e., God reward or bless. Shak.

GODLESS
God"less, a.

Defn: Having, or acknowledging, no God; without reverence for God;
impious; wicked.
 -- God"less*ly, adv.
 -- God"less*ness, n.

GODLIKE
God"like`, a. Etym: [God + like. Cf. Godly.]

Defn: Resembling or befitting a god or God; divine; hence,
preeminently good; as, godlike virtue.
 -- God"like`ness, n.

GODLILY
God"li*ly, adv.

Defn: Righteously. H. Wharton.

GODLINESS
God"li*ness, n. Etym: [From Godly.]

Defn: Careful observance of, or conformity to, the laws of God; the
state or quality of being godly; piety.
Godliness is profitable unto all things. 1 Tim. iv. 8.

GODLING
God"ling, n.

Defn: A diminutive god. Dryden.

GODLY
God"ly, a. Etym: [God, n. + -ly. Cf. Godlike, Like.]

Defn: Pious; reverencing God, and his character and laws; obedient to
the commands of God from love for, and reverence of, his character;
conformed to God's law; devout; righteous; as, a godly life.
For godly sorrow worketh repentance. 2 Cor. vii. 10.

GODLY
God"ly, adv.

Defn: Piously; devoutly; righteously.
All that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution. 2.
Tim. iii. 12.

GODLYHEAD
God"ly*head, n. Etym: [Cf. Goodlyhead.]

Defn: Goodness. [Obs.] Spenser.

GODMOTHER
God"moth`er, n. Etym: [AS. godm.]

Defn: A woman who becomes sponsor for a child in baptism. See
Godfather

GODOWN
Go*down", n. Etym: [Corruption of Malay gadong warehouse.]

Defn: A warehouse. [East Indies]

GODROON
Go*droon", n. Etym: [F. godron a round plait, godroon.] (Arch.)

Defn: An ornament produced by notching or carving a rounded molding.

GODSEND
God"send`, n.

Defn: Something sent by God; an unexpected acquisiton or piece of
good fortune.

GODSHIP
God"ship, n. Etym: [God, n. + -ship.]

Defn: The rank or character of a god; deity; divinity; a god or
goddess.
O'er hills and dales their godships came. Prior.

GODSIB
God"sib, n.

Defn: A gossip. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GODSON
God"son`, n. Etym: [AS. godsunu.]

Defn: A male for whom one has stood sponsor in baptism. See
Godfather.

GODSPEED
God"speed`, n.

Defn: Success; prosperous journeying; -- a contraction of the phrase,
"God speed you." [Written also as two separate words.]
Receive him not into house, neither bid him God speed. 2 John 10.

GODWARD
God"ward, adv.

Defn: Toward God. 2 Cor. iii. 4.

GODWIT
God"wit, n. Etym: [Prob. from AS. g good + wiht creature, wight.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of long-billed, wading birds of the
genus Limosa, and family Tringidæ. The European black-tailed godwit
(Limosa limosa), the American marbled godwit (L. fedoa), the
Hudsonian godwit (L. hæmastica), and others, are valued as game
birds. Called also godwin.

GOEL
Go"el (go"êl), a. Etym: [Cf. Yellow. sq. root49.]

Defn: Yellow. [Obs.] Tusser.

GOELAND
Go`ë`land", n. Etym: [F. goëland.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A white tropical tern (Cygis candida).

GOEMIN
Go`ë`min", n. Etym: [F. goëmon seaweed.]

Defn: A complex mixture of several substances extracted from Irish
moss.

GOEN
Go"en,

Defn: p. p. of Go. [Obs.]

GOER
Go"er, n. Etym: [From Go.]

Defn: One who, or that which, goes; a runner or walker; as:
(a) A foot. [Obs.] Chapman.
(b) A horse, considered in reference to his gait; as, a good goer; a
safe goer.
This antechamber has been filled with comers and goers. Macaulay.

GOETY
Go"e*ty, n. Etym: [Gr. goétie.]

Defn: Invocation of evil spirits; witchcraft. [Obs.] Hallywell.

GOFF
Goff, n. Etym: [Cf. F. goffe ill-made, awkward, It. goffo, Sp. gofo,
Prov. G. goff a blockhead, Gr.

Defn: A silly clown. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

GOFF
Goff, n.

Defn: A game. See Golf. [Scot.] Halliwell.

GOFFER
Gof"fer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Goffered; p. pr. & vb. n. Goffering.]
Etym: [See Gauffer.]

Defn: To plait, flute, or crimp. See Gauffer. Clarke.

GOG
Gog, n. Etym: [Cf. agog, F. gogue sprightliness, also W. gogi to
agitate, shake.]

Defn: Haste; ardent desire to go. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

GOGGLE
Gog"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Goggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Goggling.]
Etym: [Cf. Ir. & Gael. gog a nod, slight motion.]

Defn: To roll the eyes; to stare.
And wink and goggle like an owl. Hudibras.

GOGGLE
Gog"gle, a.

Defn: Full and rolling, or staring; -- said of the eyes.
The long, sallow vissage, the goggle eyes. Sir W. Scott.

GOGGLE
Gog"gle, n. Etym: [See Goggle, v. i.]

1. A strained or affected rolling of the eye.

2. pl.
(a) A kind of spectacles with short, projecting eye tubes, in the
front end of which are fixed plain glasses for protecting the eyes
from cold, dust, etc.
(b) Colored glasses for relief from intense light.
(c) A disk with a small aperture, to direct the sight forward, and
cure squinting.
(d) Any screen or cover for the eyes, with or without a slit for
seeing through.

GOGGLED
Gog"gled, a.

Defn: Prominent; staring, as the eye.

GOGGLE-EYE
Gog"gle-eye`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of two or more species of American fresh-water fishes of the
family Centrarchidæ, esp. Chænobryttus antistius, of Lake Michigan
and adjacent waters, and Ambloplites rupestris, of the Great Lakes
and Mississippi Valley; -- so called from their prominent eyes.
(b) The goggler.

GOGGLE-EYED
Gog"gle-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having prominent and distorted or rolling eyes. Ascham.

GOGGLER
Gog"gler, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carangoid oceanic fish (Trachurops crumenophthalmus), having
very large and prominent eyes; -- called also goggle-eye, big-eyed
scad, and cicharra.

GOGLET
Gog"let, n. Etym: [Pg. gorgoleta.]

Defn: See Gurglet.

GOING
Go"ing, n.

1. The act of moving in any manner; traveling; as, the going is bad.

2. Departure. Milton.

3. Pregnancy; gestation; childbearing. Crew.

4. pl.

Defn: Course of life; behavior; doings; ways.
His eyes are upon the ways of man, and he seeth all his goings. Job
xxxiv. 21.
Going barrel. (Horology) (a) A barrel containing the mainspring, and
having teeth on its periphery to drive the train. (b) A device for
maintaining a force to drive the train while the timepiece is being
wound up.
 -- Going forth. (Script.) (a) Outlet; way of exit. "Every going
forth of the sanctuary." Ezek. xliv. 5. (b) A limit; a border. "The
going forth thereof shall be from the south to Kadesh-barnea." Num.
xxxiv. 4.
 -- Going out, or Goings out. (Script.) (a) The utmost extremity or
limit. "The border shall go down to Jordan, and the goings out of it
shall be at the salt sea." Num. xxxiv. 12. (b) Departure or
journeying. "And Moses wrote their goings out according to their
journeys." Num. xxxiii. 2.
 -- Goings on, behavior; actions; conduct; -- usually in a bad sense.

GOITER; GOITRE
Goi"ter Goi"tre, n. Etym: [F. goître, L. guttur throat, cf. tumidum
guttur goiter, gutturosus goitered. See Guttural.] (Med.)

Defn: An enlargement of the thyroid gland, on the anterior part of
the neck; bronchocele. It is frequently associated with cretinism,
and is most common in mountainous regions, especially in certain
parts of Switzerland.

GOITERED; GOITRED
Goi"tered, Goi"tred, a.

Defn: Affected with goiter.

GOITROUS
Goi"trous, a. Etym: [F. goîtreux, L. gutturosus. See Goiter.]

Defn: Pertaining to the goiter; affected with the goiter; of the
nature of goiter or bronchocele.
Let me not be understood as insinuating that the inhabitants in
general are either goitrous or idiots. W. Coxe.

GOLD; GOLDE; GOOLDE
Gold, Golde, Goolde, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An old English name of some yellow flower, -- the marigold
(Calendula), according to Dr. Prior, but in Chaucer perhaps the
turnsole.

GOLD
Gold, n. Etym: [AS. gold; akin to D. goud, OS. & G. gold, Icel. gull,
Sw. & Dan. guld, Goth. gulp, Russ. & OSlav. zlato; prob. akin to E.
yellow. Yellow, and cf. Gild, v. t.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A metallic element, constituting the most precious metal used
as a common commercial medium of exchange. It has a characteristic
yellow color, is one of the heaviest substances known (specific
gravity 19.32), is soft, and very malleable and ductile. It is quite
unalterable by heat, moisture, and most corrosive agents, and
therefore well suited for its use in coin and jewelry. Symbol Au
(Aurum). Atomic weight 196.7.

Note: Native gold contains usually eight to ten per cent of silver,
but often much more. As the amount of silver increases, the color
becomes whiter and the specific gravity lower. Gold is very widely
disseminated, as in the sands of many rivers, but in very small
quantity. It usually occurs in quartz veins (gold quartz), in slate
and metamorphic rocks, or in sand and alluvial soil, resulting from
the disintegration of such rocks. It also occurs associated with
other metallic substances, as in auriferous pyrites, and is combined
with tellurium in the minerals petzite, calaverite, sylvanite, etc.
Pure gold is too soft for ordinary use, and is hardened by alloying
with silver and copper, the latter giving a characteristic reddish
tinge. [See Carat.] Gold also finds use in gold foil, in the pigment
purple of Cassius, and in the chloride, which is used as a toning
agent in photography.

2. Money; riches; wealth.
For me, the gold of France did not seduce. Shak.

3. A yellow color, like that of the metal; as, a flower tipped with
gold.

4. Figuratively, something precious or pure; as, hearts of gold.
Shak. Age of gold. See Golden age, under Golden.
 -- Dutch gold, Fool's gold, Gold dust, etc. See under Dutch, Dust,
etc.
 -- Gold amalgam, a mineral, found in Columbia and California,
composed of gold and mercury.
 -- Gold beater, one whose occupation is to beat gold into gold leaf.
 -- Gold beater's skin, the prepared outside membrane of the large
intestine of the ox, used for separating the leaves of metal during
the process of gold-beating.
 -- Gold beetle (Zoöl.), any small gold-colored beetle of the family
Chrysomelidæ; -- called also golden beetle.
 -- Gold blocking, printing with gold leaf, as upon a book cover, by
means of an engraved block. Knight.
 -- Gold cloth. See Cloth of gold, under Cloth.
 -- Gold Coast, a part of the coast of Guinea, in West Africa.
 -- Gold cradle. (Mining) See Cradle, n., 7.
 -- Gold diggings, the places, or region, where gold is found by
digging in sand and gravel from which it is separated by washing.
 -- Gold end, a fragment of broken gold or jewelry.
 -- Gold-end man. (a) A buyer of old gold or jewelry. (b) A
goldsmith's apprentice. (c) An itinerant jeweler. "I know him not: he
looks like a gold-end man." B. Jonson.
 -- Gold fever, a popular mania for gold hunting.
 -- Gold field, a region in which are deposits of gold.
 -- Gold finder. (a) One who finds gold. (b) One who empties privies.
[Obs. & Low] Swift.
 -- Gold flower, a composite plant with dry and persistent yellow
radiating involucral scales, the Helichrysum Stoechas of Southern
Europe. There are many South African species of the same genus.
 -- Gold foil, thin sheets of gold, as used by dentists and others.
See Gold leaf.
 -- Gold knobs or knoppes (Bot.), buttercups.
 -- Gold lace, a kind of lace, made of gold thread.
 -- Gold latten, a thin plate of gold or gilded metal.
 -- Gold leaf, gold beaten into a film of extreme thinness, and used
for gilding, etc. It is much thinner than gold foil.
 -- Gold lode (Mining), a gold vein.
 -- Gold mine, a place where gold is obtained by mining operations,
as distinguished from diggings, where it is extracted by washing. Cf.
Gold diggings (above).
 -- Gold nugget, a lump of gold as found in gold mining or digging; -
- called also a pepito.
 -- Gold paint. See Gold shell.
 -- Gold or Golden, pheasant. (Zoöl.) See under Pheasant.
 -- Gold plate, a general name for vessels, dishes, cups, spoons,
etc., made of gold.
 -- Gold of pleasure. Etym: [Name perhaps translated from Sp. oro-de-
alegria.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Camelina, bearing yellow
flowers. C. sativa is sometimes cultivated for the oil of its seeds.
 -- Gold shell. (a) A composition of powdered gold or gold leaf,
ground up with gum water and spread on shells, for artists' use; --
called also gold paint. (b) (Zoöl.) A bivalve shell (Anomia glabra)
of the Atlantic coast; -- called also jingle shell and silver shell.
See Anomia.
 -- Gold size, a composition used in applying gold leaf.
 -- Gold solder, a kind of solder, often containing twelve parts of
gold, two of silver, and four of copper.
 -- Gold stick, the colonel of a regiment of English lifeguards, who
attends his sovereign on state occasions; -- so called from the gilt
rod presented to him by the sovereign when he receives his commission
as colonel of the regiment. [Eng.] -- Gold thread. (a) A thread
formed by twisting flatted gold over a thread of silk, with a wheel
and iron bobbins; spun gold. Ure. (b) (Bot.) A small evergreen plant
(Coptis trifolia), so called from its fibrous yellow roots. It is
common in marshy places in the United States.
 -- Gold tissue, a tissue fabric interwoven with gold thread.
 -- Gold tooling, the fixing of gold leaf by a hot tool upon book
covers, or the ornamental impression so made.
 -- Gold washings, places where gold found in gravel is separated
from lighter material by washing.
 -- Gold worm, a glowworm. [Obs.] -- Jeweler's gold, an alloy
containing three parts of gold to one of copper.
 -- Mosaic gold. See under Mosaic.

GOLD-BEATEN
Gold"-beat`en, a.

Defn: Gilded. [Obs.]

GOLD-BEATING
Gold"-beat`ing, n.

Defn: The art or process of reducing gold to extremely thin leaves,
by beating with a hammer. Ure.

GOLD-BOUND
Gold"-bound`, a.

Defn: Encompassed with gold.

GOLDCREST
Gold"crest`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European golden-crested kinglet (Regulus cristatus, or R.
regulus); -- called also golden-crested wren, and golden wren. The
name is also sometimes applied to the American golden-crested
kinglet. See Kinglet.

GOLDCUP
Gold"cup`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The cuckoobud.

GOLDEN
Gold"en, a. Etym: [OE. golden; cf. OE. gulden, AS. gylden, from gold.
See Gold, and cf. Guilder.]

1. Made of gold; consisting of gold.

2. Having the color of gold; as, the golden grain.

3. Very precious; highly valuable; excellent; eminently auspicious;
as, golden opinions. Golden age. (a) The fabulous age of primeval
simplicity and purity of manners in rural employments, followed by
the silver, bronze, and iron ages. Dryden. (b) (Roman Literature) The
best part (B. C. 81 -- A. D. 14) of the classical period of Latinity;
the time when Cicero, Cæsar, Virgil, etc., wrote. Hence: (c) That
period in the history of a literature, etc., when it flourishes in
its greatest purity or attains its greatest glory; as, the
Elizabethan age has been considered the golden age of English
literature.
 -- Golden balls, three gilt balls used as a sign of a pawnbroker's
office or shop; -- originally taken from the coat of arms of
Lombardy, the first money lenders in London having been Lombards.
 -- Golden bull. See under Bull, an edict.
 -- Golden chain (Bot.), the shrub Cytisus Laburnum, so named from
its long clusters of yellow blossoms.
 -- Golden club (Bot.), an aquatic plant (Orontium aquaticum),
bearing a thick spike of minute yellow flowers.
 -- Golden cup (Bot.), the buttercup.
 -- Golden eagle (Zoöl.), a large and powerful eagle (Aquila
Chrysaëtos) inhabiting Europe, Asia, and North America. It is so
called from the brownish yellow tips of the feathers on the head and
neck. A dark variety is called the royal eagle; the young in the
second year is the ring-tailed eagle.
 -- Golden fleece. (a) (Mythol.) The fleece of gold fabled to have
been taken from the ram that bore Phryxus through the air to Colchis,
and in quest of which Jason undertook the Argonautic expedition. (b)
(Her.) An order of knighthood instituted in 1429 by Philip the Good,
Duke of Burgundy; -- called also Toison d'Or.
 -- Golden grease, a bribe; a fee. [Slang] -- Golden hair (Bot.), a
South African shrubby composite plant with golden yellow flowers, the
Chrysocoma Coma-aurea.
 -- Golden Horde (Hist.), a tribe of Mongolian Tartars who overran
and settled in Southern Russia early in the 18th century.
 -- Golden Legend, a hagiology (the "Aurea Legenda") written by James
de Voragine, Archbishop of Genoa, in the 13th century, translated and
printed by Caxton in 1483, and partially paraphrased by Longfellow in
a poem thus entitled.
 -- Golden marcasite tin. [Obs.] -- Golden mean, the way of wisdom
and safety between extremes; sufficiency without excess; moderation.
Angels guard him in the golden mean. Pope.
-- Golden mole (Zoöl), one of several South African Insectivora of
the family Chrysochloridæ, resembling moles in form and habits. The
fur is tinted with green, purple, and gold.
 -- Golden number (Chronol.), a number showing the year of the lunar
or Metonic cycle. It is reckoned from 1 to 19, and is so called from
having formerly been written in the calendar in gold.
 -- Golden oriole. (Zoöl.) See Oriole.
 -- Golden pheasant. See under Pheasant.
 -- Golden pippin, a kind of apple, of a bright yellow color.
 -- Golden plover (Zoöl.), one of several species of plovers, of the
genus Charadrius, esp. the European (C. apricarius, or pluvialis; --
called also yellow, black-breasted hill, and whistling, plover. The
common American species (C. dominicus) is also called frostbird, and
bullhead.
 -- Golden robin. (Zoöl.) See Baltimore oriole, in Vocab.
 -- Golden rose (R. C. Ch.), a gold or gilded rose blessed by the
pope on the fourth Sunday in Lent, and sent to some church or person
in recognition of special services rendered to the Holy See.
 -- Golden rule. (a) The rule of doing as we would have others do to
us. Cf. Luke vi. 31. (b) The rule of proportion, or rule of three.
 -- Golden samphire (Bot.), a composite plant (Inula crithmoides),
found on the seashore of Europe.
 -- Golden saxifrage (Bot.), a low herb with yellow flowers
(Chrysosplenium oppositifolium), blossoming in wet places in early
spring.
 -- Golden seal (Bot.), a perennial ranunculaceous herb (Hydrastis
Canadensis), with a thick knotted rootstock and large rounded leaves.
 -- Golden sulphide, or sulphuret, of antimony (Chem.), the
pentasulphide of antimony, a golden or orange yellow powder.
 -- Golden warbler (Zoöl.), a common American wood warbler (Dendroica
æstiva); -- called also blue-eyed yellow warbler, garden warbler, and
summer yellow bird.
 -- Golden wasp (Zoöl.), a bright-colored hymenopterous insect, of
the family Chrysididæ. The colors are golden, blue, and green.
 -- Golden wedding. See under Wedding.

GOLDEN-EYE
Gold"en-eye`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A duck (Glaucionetta clangula), found in Northern Europe, Asia,
and America. The American variety (var. Americana) is larger. Called
whistler, garrot, gowdy, pied widgeon, whiteside, curre, and doucker.
Barrow's golden-eye of America (G. Islandica) is less common.

GOLDENLY
Gold"en*ly, adv.

Defn: In golden terms or a golden manner; splendidly; delightfully.
[Obs.] Shak.

GOLDEN-ROD
Gold"en-rod`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tall herb (Solidago Virga-aurea), bearing yellow flowers in a
graceful elongated cluster. The name is common to all the species of
the genus Solidago. Golden-rod tree (Bot.), a shrub (Bosea
Yervamora), a native of the Canary Isles.

GOLDEN STATE
Gold"en State.

Defn: California; -- a nickname alluding to its rich gold deposits.

GOLDFINCH
Gold"finch`, n. Etym: [AS. goldfinc. See Gold, and Finch.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A beautiful bright-colored European finch (Carduelis elegans).
The name refers to the large patch of yellow on the wings. The front
of the head and throat are bright red; the nape, with part of the
wings and tail, black; -- called also goldspink, goldie, fool's coat,
drawbird, draw-water, thistle finch, and sweet William.
(b) The yellow-hammer.
(c) A small American finch (Spinus tristis); the thistle bird.

Note: The name is also applied to other yellow finches, esp. to
several additional American species of Spinus.

GOLDFINNY
Gold"fin`ny, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of two or more species of European labroid fishes
(Crenilabrus melops, and Ctenolabrus rupestris); -- called also
goldsinny, and goldney.

GOLDFISH
Gold"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A small domesticated cyprinoid fish (Carassius auratus); -- so
named from its color. It is native of China, and is said to have been
introduced into Europe in 1691. It is often kept as an ornament, in
small ponds or glass globes. Many varieties are known. Called also
golden fish, and golden carp. See Telescope fish, under Telescope.
(b) A California marine fish of an orange or red color; the
garibaldi.

GOLD-HAMMER
Gold"-ham`mer, n.

Defn: The yellow-hammer.

GOLDIE
Gold"ie, n. Etym: [From Gold.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The European goldfinch.
(b) The yellow-hammer.

GOLDILOCKS
Gold"i*locks`, n.

Defn: Same as Goldylocks.

GOLDIN; GOLDING
Gold"in, Gold"ing, n. (Bot.) Etym: [From the golden color of the
blossoms.]

Defn: A conspicuous yellow flower, commonly the corn marigold
(Chrysanthemum segetum). [This word is variously corrupted into
gouland, gools, gowan, etc.]

GOLDLESS
Gold"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of gold.

GOLDNEY
Gold"ney, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Gilthead.

GOLDSEED
Gold"seed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Dog's-tail grass.

GOLDSINNY
Gold"sin`ny, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Goldfinny.

GOLDSMITH
Gold"smith`, n. Etym: [AS. goldsmiGold., and Smith.]

1. An artisan who manufactures vessels and ornaments, etc., of gold.

2. A banker. [Obs.]

Note: The goldsmiths of London formerly received money on deposit
because they were prepared to keep it safely. Goldsmith beetle
(Zoöl.), a large, bright yellow, American beetle (Cotalpa lanigera),
of the family Scarabæidæ

GOLDTIT
Gold"tit`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Verdin.

GOLDYLOCKS
Gold"y*locks`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of several species of the genus Chrysocoma; -- so
called from the tufts of yellow flowers which terminate the stems;
also, the Ranunculus auricomus, a kind of buttercup.

GOLET
Go"let, n.

Defn: The gullet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GOLET
Go"let, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A California trout. See Malma.

GOLF
Golf, n. Etym: [D. kolf club or bat, also a Dutch game played in an
inclosed area with clubs and balls; akin to G. kolben club, but end,
Icel. k tongue of a bell. bolt, Sw. kolf bolt, dart, but end, Dan.
kolv bolt, arrow. Cf. Club, Globe.]

Defn: A game played with a small ball and a bat or club crooked at
the lower end. He who drives the ball into each of a series of small
holes in the ground and brings it into the last hole with the fewest
strokes is the winner. [Scot.] Strutt.

GOLFER
Golf"er, n.

Defn: One who plays golf. [Scot.]

GOLGOTHA
Gol"go*tha, n.

Defn: Calvary. See the Note under Calvary.

GOLIARD
Gol"iard, n. Etym: [From OF. goliart glutton, buffoon, riotous
student, Goliard, LL. goliardus, prob. fr. L. gula throat. Cf.
Gules.]

Defn: A buffoon in the Middle Ages, who attended rich men's tables to
make sport for the guests by ribald stories and songs.

GOLIARDERY
Gol"iard*er*y, n.

Defn: The satirical or ribald poetry of the Goliards. Milman.

GOLIATH BEETLE
Go*li"ath bee"tle. Etym: [From Goliath, the Philistine giant.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Goliathus, a genus of very large and handsome
African beetles.

GOLL
Goll, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A hand, paw, or claw. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. B. Jonson.

GOLOE-SHOE
Go*loe"-shoe`, n.

Defn: A galoche.

GOLORE
Go*lore", n.

Defn: See Galore.

GOLOSHE
Go*loshe", n.

Defn: See Galoche.

GOLTSCHUT
Golt"schut, n.

1. A small ingot of gold.

2. A silver ingot, used in Japan as money.

GOLYARDEYS
Gol"yard*eys, n.

Defn: A buffoon. See Gollard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GOMAN
Go"man, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. good man; but cf. also AS. gumman a man,
OHG. gomman man, husband.]

Defn: A husband; a master of a family. [Obs.]

GOMARIST; GOMARITE
Go"mar*ist, Go"mar*ite, n. (Eccl.-Hist.)

Defn: One of the followers of Francis Gomar or Gomarus, a Dutch
disciple of Calvin in the 17th century, who strongly opposed the
Arminians.

GOMBO
Gom"bo, n.

Defn: See Gumbo.

GOME
Gome, n. Etym: [AS. guma; akin to Goth. guma, L. homo. See
Bridegroom.]

Defn: A man. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

GOME
Gome, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. gormr ooze, mud.]

Defn: The black grease on the axle of a cart or wagon wheel; --
called also gorm. See Gorm. [Prov. Eng.]

GOMER
Go"mer, n.

Defn: A Hebrew measure. See Homer.

GOMER
Go"mer, n. (Gun.)

Defn: A conical chamber at the breech of the bore in heavy ordnance,
especially in mortars; -- named after the inventor.

GOMMELIN
Gom"me*lin, n. Etym: [F. gommeline, from gomme gum.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Dextrin.

GOMPHIASIS
Gom*phi"a*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A disease of the teeth, which causes them to loosen and fall
out of their sockets.

GOMPHOSIS
Gom*pho"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gomphose.] (Anat.)

Defn: A form of union or immovable articulation where a hard part is
received into the cavity of a bone, as the teeth into the jaws.

GOMUTI
Go*mu"ti, n. Etym: [Malayan gumuti.]

Defn: A black, fibrous substance resembling horsehair, obtained from
the leafstalks of two kinds of palms, Metroxylon Sagu, and Arenga
saccharifera, of the Indian islands. It is used for making cordage.
Called also ejoo.

GON
Gon,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Go. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GONAD
Gon"ad, n.; pl. Gonads. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the masses of generative tissue primitively alike in
both sexes, but giving rise to either an ovary or a testis; a
generative gland; a germ gland. Wiedersheim.

GONAKIE
Go"na*kie, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An African timber tree (Acacia Adansonii).

GONANGIUM
Go`nan*gi"um, n.; pl. L. Gonangia, E. Gonangiums. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: See Gonotheca.

GONDOLA
Gon"do*la, n. Etym: [It., dim. of gonda a gondola; cf. LL. gandeia a
kind of boat, Gr. gondole gondola, cup.]

1. A long, narrow boat with a high prow and stern, used in the canals
of Venice. A gondola is usually propelled by one or two oarsmen who
stand facing the prow, or by poling. A gondola for passengers has a
small open cabin amidships, for their protection against the sun or
rain. A sumptuary law of Venice required that gondolas should be
painted black, and they are customarily so painted now.

2. A flat-bottomed boat for freight. [U. S.]

3. A long platform car, either having no sides or with very low
sides, used on railroads. [U. S.]

GONDOLET
Gon"do*let, n. Etym: [It. gondoletta, dim. of gondola.]

Defn: A small gondola. T. Moore.

GONDOLIER
Gon`do*lier", n. Etym: [It. gondoliere: cf. F. gondolier.]

Defn: A man who rows a gondola.

GONE
Gone,

Defn: p. p. of Go.

GONENESS
Gone"ness, n.

Defn: A state of exhaustion; faintness, especially as resulting from
hunger. [Colloq. U. S.]

GONFALON; GONFANON
Gon"fa*lon, Gon"fa*non, n. Etym: [OE. gonfanoun, OF. gonfanon, F.
gonfalon, the same word as F. confalon, name of a religious
brotherhood, fr. OHG. gundfano war flag; gund war (used in comp., and
akin to AS. gu\'eb) + fano cloth, flag; akin to E. vane; cf. AS.
gu\'ebfana. See Vane, and cf. Confalon.]

1. The ensign or standard in use by certain princes or states, such
as the mediæval republics of Italy, and in more recent times by the
pope.

2. A name popularly given to any flag which hangs from a crosspiece
or frame instead of from the staff or the mast itself.
Standards and gonfalons, 'twixt van and rear, Stream in the air.
Milton.

GONFALONIER
Gon`fa*lon*ier", n. Etym: [F. gonfalonier: cf. It. gonfaloniere.]

Defn: He who bears the gonfalon; a standard bearer; as:
(a) An officer at Rome who bears the standard of the Church.
(b) The chief magistrate of any one of several republics in mediæveal
Italy.
(c) A Turkish general, and standard keeper.

GONG
Gong, n. Etym: [AS. gong, gang, a going, passage, drain. See Gang.]

Defn: A privy or jakes. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gong farmer, Gong man, a
cleaner of privies. [Obs.]

GONG
Gong, n.

1. Etym: [Malayan (Jav.) gong.]

Defn: An instrument, first used in the East, made of an alloy of
copper and tin, shaped like a disk with upturned rim, and producing,
when struck, a harsh and resounding noise.
O'er distant deserts sounds the Tartar gong. Longfellow.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A flat saucerlike bell, rung by striking it with a small hammer
which is connected with it by various mechanical devices; a
stationary bell, used to sound calls or alarms; -- called also gong
bell. Gong metal, an alloy (78 parts of copper, 22 of tin), from
which Oriental gongs are made.

GONGORISM
Gon"go*rism, n.

Defn: An affected elegance or euphuism of style, for which the
Spanish poet Gongora y Argote (1561-1627), among others of his time,
was noted.

Gongorism, that curious disease of euphuism, that broke out
simultaneously in Italy, England, and Spain.
The Critic.

The Renaissance riots itself away in Marinism, Gongorism, Euphuism,
and the affectations of the Hôtel Rambouillet.
J. A. Symonds.

GONIATITE
Go"ni*a*tite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: One of an extinct genus of fossil cephalopods, allied to the
Ammonites. The earliest forms are found in the Devonian formation,
the latest, in the Triassic.

GONIDIAL
Go*nid"i*al, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia.

GONIDIAL
Go*nid"i*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the angles of the mouth; as, a gonidial
groove of an actinian.

GONIDIUM
Go*nid"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zool.)

Defn: A special groove or furrow at one or both angles of the mouth
of many Anthozoa.

GONIDIUM
Go*nid"i*um, n.; pl. Gonidia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A component cell of the yellowish green layer in certain
lichens.

GONIMIA
Go*nim"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Bluish green granules which occur in certain lichens, as
Collema, Peltigera, etc., and which replace the more usual gonidia.

GONIMOUS
Gon"i*mous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia or gonimia, as that part
of a lichen which contains the green or chlorophyll-bearing cells.

GONIOMETER
Go`ni*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. goniomètre.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring angles, especially the angles of
crystals, or the inclination of planes. Contact, or Hand, goniometer,
a goniometer having two movable arms (ab, cd), between which (at ab)
the faces of the crystals are placed. These arms turn about a fixed
point, which is the center of the graduated circle or semicircle upon
which the angle is read off.
 -- Reflecting goniometer, an instrument for measuring the angles of
crystals by determining through what angular space the crystal must
be turned so that two rays reflected from two surfaces successively
shall have the same direction; -- called also Wollaston's goniometer,
from the inventor.

GONIOMETRIC; GONIOMETRICAL
Go`ni*o*met"ric, Go`ni*o*met"ric*al (, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or determined by means of, a goniometer;
trigonometric.

GONIOMETRY
Go`ni*om"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. goniométrie.] (Math.)

Defn: The art of measuring angles; trigonometry.

GONOBLASTID
Gon`o*blas"tid, n. Etym: [See Gonoblastidium.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A reproductive bud of a hydroid; a simple gonophore.

GONOBLASTIDIUM
Gon`o*blas*tid"i*um, n.; pl. Gonoblastidia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A blastostyle.

GONOCALYX
Gon`o*ca"lyx, n. Etym: [Gr. calyx,] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bell of a sessile gonozooid.

GONOCHORISM
Gon`o*cho"rism, n. Etym: [Gr.
(a) Separation of the sexes in different individuals; -- opposed to
hermaphroditism.
(b) In ontogony, differentiation of male and female individuals from
embryos having the same rudimentary sexual organs.
(c) In phylogeny, the evolution of distinct sexes in species
previously hermaphrodite or sexless.

GONOCOCCUS
Gon`o*coc"cus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. coccus.] (Med.)

Defn: A vegetable microörganism of the genus Micrococcus, occurring
in the secretion in gonorrhea. It is believed by some to constitute
the cause of this disease.

GONOPH
Gon"oph, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. Heb. gannabh thief.]

Defn: A pickpocket or thief. [Eng. Slang] Dickens.

GONOPHORE
Gon"o*phore, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sexual zooid produced as a medusoid bud upon a hydroid,
sometimes becoming a free hydromedusa, sometimes remaining attached.
See Hydroidea, and Illusts. of Athecata, Campanularian, and Gonosome.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A lengthened receptacle, bearing the stamens and carpels in a
conspicuous manner.

GONORRHEA; GONORRHOEA
Gon`or*rhe"a, Gon`or*rhoe"a, n. Etym: [L. gonorrhoea, Gr. gonorrhée.]
(Med.)

Defn: A contagious inflammatory disease of the genitourinary tract,
affecting especially the urethra and vagina, and characterized by a
mucopurulent discharge, pain in urination, and chordee; clap.

GONORRHEAL; GONORRHOEAL
Gon`or*rhe"al, Gon`or*rhoe"al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to gonorrhea; as, gonorrheal rheumatism.

GONOSOME
Gon"o*some, n. Etym: [Gr. -some body.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The reproductive zooids of a hydroid colony, collectively.

GONOTHECA
Gon`o*the"ca, n.; pl. Gonothec. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A capsule developed on certain hydroids (Thecaphora), inclosing
the blastostyle upon which the medusoid buds or gonophores are
developed; -- called also gonangium, and teleophore. See Hydroidea,
and Illust. of Campanularian.

GONOZOOID
Gon`o*zo"oid, n. Etym: [Gr. zooid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sexual zooid, or medusoid bud of a hydroid; a gonophore. See
Hydroidea, and Illust. of Campanularian.

GONYDIAL
Go*nyd"i*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the gonys of a bird's beak.

GONYS
Go"nys, n. Etym: [Cf. Genys.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The keel or lower outline of a bird's bill, so far as the
mandibular rami are united.

GOOBER
Goo"ber, n.

Defn: A peanut. [Southern U. S.]

GOOD
Good, a. [Compar. Better; superl. Best. These words, though used as
the comparative and superlative of good, are from a different root.]
Etym: [AS. God, akin to D. goed, OS. god, OHG. guot, G. gut, Icel.
goedhr, Sw. & Dan. god, Goth. gods; prob. orig., fitting, belonging
together, and akin to E. gather. sq. root29 Cf. Gather.]

1. Possessing desirable qualities; adapted to answer the end
designed; promoting success, welfare, or happiness; serviceable;
useful; fit; excellent; admirable; commendable; not bad, corrupt,
evil, noxious, offensive, or troublesome, etc.
And God saw everything that he had made, and behold, it was very
good. Gen. i. 31.
Good company, good wine, good welcome. Shak.

2. Possessing moral excellence or virtue; virtuous; pious; religious;
-- said of persons or actions.
In all things showing thyself a pattern of good works. Tit. ii. 7.

3. Kind; benevolent; humane; merciful; gracious; polite; propitious;
friendly; well-disposed; -- often followed by to or toward, also
formerly by unto.
The men were very good unto us. 1 Sam. xxv. 15.

4. Serviceable; suited; adapted; suitable; of use; to be relied upon;
-- followed especially by for.
All quality that is good for anything is founded originally in merit.
Collier.

5. Clever; skillful; dexterous; ready; handy; -- followed especially
by at.
He . . . is a good workman; a very good tailor. Shak.
Those are generally good at flattering who are good for nothing else.
South.

6. Adequate; sufficient; competent; sound; not fallacious; valid; in
a commercial sense, to be depended on for the discharge of
obligations incurred; having pecuniary ability; of unimpaired credit.
My reasons are both good and weighty. Shak.
My meaning in saying he is a good man is . . . that he is sufficient
. . . I think I may take his bond. Shak.

7. Real; actual; serious; as in the phrases in good earnest; in good
sooth.
Love no man in good earnest. Shak.

8. Not small, insignificant, or of no account; considerable; esp., in
the phrases a good deal, a good way, a good degree, a good share or
part, etc.

9. Not lacking or deficient; full; complete.
Good measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and running over.
Luke vi. 38.

10. Not blemished or impeached; fair; honorable; unsullied; as in the
phrases a good name, a good report, good repute, etc.
A good name is better than precious ointment. Eccl. vii. 1.
As good as. See under As.
 -- For good, or For good and all, completely and finally; fully;
truly.
The good woman never died after this, till she came to die for good
and all. L'Estrange.
-- Good breeding, polite or polished manners, formed by education; a
polite education.
Distinguished by good humor and good breeding. Macaulay.
-- Good cheap, literally, good bargain; reasonably cheap.
 -- Good consideration (Law). (a) A consideration of blood or of
natural love and affection. Blackstone. (b) A valuable consideration,
or one which will sustain a contract.
 -- Good fellow, a person of companionable qualities. [Familiar] --
Good folk, or Good people, fairies; brownies; pixies, etc. [Colloq.
Eng. & Scot.] -- Good for nothing. (a) Of no value; useless;
worthless. (b) Used substantively, an idle, worthless person.
My father always said I was born to be a good for nothing. Ld.
Lytton.
-- Good Friday, the Friday of Holy Week, kept in some churches as a
fast, in memoory of our Savior's passion or suffering; the
anniversary of the crucifixion.
 -- Good humor, or Good-humor, a cheerful or pleasant temper or state
of mind.
 -- Good nature, or Good-nature, habitual kindness or mildness of
temper or disposition; amiability; state of being in good humor.
The good nature and generosity which belonged to his character.
Macaulay.
The young count's good nature and easy persuadability were among his
best characteristics. Hawthorne.
-- Good people. See Good folk (above).
 -- Good speed, good luck; good success; godspeed; -- an old form of
wishing success. See Speed.
 -- Good turn, an act of kidness; a favor.
 -- Good will. (a) Benevolence; well wishing; kindly feeling. (b)
(Law) The custom of any trade or business; the tendency or
inclination of persons, old customers and others, to resort to an
established place of business; the advantage accruing from tendency
or inclination.
The good will of a trade is nothing more than the probability that
the old customers will resort to the old place. Lord Eldon.
-- In good time. (a) Promptly; punctually; opportunely; not too soon
nor too late. (b) (Mus.) Correctly; in proper time.
 -- To hold good, to remain true or valid; to be operative; to remain
in force or effect; as, his promise holds good; the condition still
holds good.
 -- To make good, to fulfill; to establish; to maintain; to supply (a
defect or deficiency); to indemmify; to prove or verify (an
accusation); to prove to be blameless; to clear; to vindicate.
Each word made good and true. Shak.
Of no power to make his wishes good. Shak.
I . . . would by combat make her good. Shak.
Convenient numbers to make good the city. Shak.
-- To think good, to approve; to be pleased or satisfied with; to
consider expedient or proper.
If ye think good, give me my price; and if not, forbear. Zech. xi.
12.

Note: Good, in the sense of wishing well, is much used in greeting
and leave-taking; as, good day, good night, good evening, good
morning, etc.

GOOD
Good, n.

1. That which possesses desirable qualities, promotes success,
welfare, or happiness, is serviceable, fit, excellent, kind,
benevolent, etc.; -- opposed to evil.
There be many that say, Who will show us any good Ps. iv. 6.

2. Advancement of interest or happiness; welfare; prosperity;
advantage; benefit; -- opposed to harm, etc.
The good of the whole community can be promoted only by advancing the
good of each of the members composing it. Jay.

3. pl.

Defn: Wares; commodities; chattels; -- formerly used in the singular
in a collective sense. In law, a comprehensive name for almost all
personal property as distinguished from land or real property.
Wharton.
He hath made us spend much good. Chaucer.
Thy lands and goods Are, by the laws of Venice, confiscate Unto the
state of Venice. Shak.
Dress goods, Dry goods, etc. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Goods engine, a freight locomotive. [Eng.] -- Goods train, a
freight train. [Eng.] -- Goods wagon, a freight car [Eng.] See the
Note under Car, n., 2.

GOOD
Good, adv.

Defn: Well, -- especially in the phrase as good, with a following as
expressed or implied; equally well with as much advantage or as
little harm as possible.
As good almost kill a man as kill a good book. Milton.
As good as, in effect; virtually; the same as.
They who counsel ye to such a suppressing, do as good as bid ye
suppress yourselves. Milton.

GOOD
Good, v. t.

1. To make good; to turn to good. [Obs.]

2. To manure; to improve. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

GOOD-BY; GOOD-BYE
Good`-by", Good`-bye", n. or interj. Etym: [A contraction of God be
with ye (God be wî ye, God bw' ye, God bwye).]

Defn: Farewell; a form of address used at parting. See the last Note
under By, prep. Shak.

GOOD-DEN
Good`-den", interj. Etym: [Corrupt. of good e'en, for good evening.]

Defn: A form of salutation. [Obs.] Shak.

GOOD-FELLOWSHIP
Good`-fel"low*ship, n.

Defn: Agreeable companionship; companionableness.

GOODGEON
Good"geon, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Same as Gudgeon, 5.

GOOD-HUMORED
Good`-hu"mored, a.

Defn: Having a cheerful spirit and demeanor; good-tempered. See Good-
natured.

GOOD-HUMOREDLY
Good`-hu"mored*ly, adv.

Defn: With a cheerful spirit; in a cheerful or good-tempered manner.

GOODISH
Good"ish, a.

Defn: Rather good than the contrary; not actually bad; tolerable.
Goodish pictures in rich frames. Walpole.

GOODLESS
Good"less, a.

Defn: Having no goods. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GOODLICH
Good"lich, a.

Defn: Goodly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GOODLINESS
Good"li*ness, n. Etym: [From Goodly.]

Defn: Beauty of form; grace; elegance; comeliness.
Her goodliness was full of harmony to his eyes. Sir P. Sidney.

GOOD-LOOKING
Good"-look`ing, a.

Defn: Handsome.

GOODLY
Good"ly, adv.

Defn: Excellently. [Obs.] Spenser.

GOODLY
Good"ly, a. [Compar. Goodlier; superl. Goodliest.] Etym: [OE.
godlich, AS. g. See Good, and Like.]

1. Pleasant; agreeable; desirable.
We have many goodly days to see. Shak.

2. Of pleasing appearance or character; comely; graceful; as, a
goodly person; goodly raiment, houses.
The goodliest man of men since born. Milton.

3. Large; considerable; portly; as, a goodly number.
Goodly and great he sails behind his link. Dryden.

GOODLYHEAD; GOODLYHOOD
Good"ly*head, Good"ly*hood n.

Defn: Goodness; grace; goodliness. [Obs.] Spenser.

GOODMAN
Good"man, n. Etym: [Good + man]

1. A familiar appellation of civility, equivalent to "My friend",
"Good sir", "Mister;" -- sometimes used ironically. [Obs.]
With you, goodman boy, an you please. Shak.

2. A husband; the master of a house or family; -- often used in
speaking familiarly. [Archaic] Chaucer.
Say ye to the goodman of the house, . . . Where is the guest-chamber
Mark xiv. 14.

Note: In the early colonial records of New England, the term goodman
is frequently used as a title of designation, sometimes in a
respectful manner, to denote a person whose first name was not known,
or when it was not desired to use that name; in this use it was
nearly equivalent to Mr. This use was doubtless brought with the
first settlers from England.

GOOD-NATURED
Good`-na"tured, a.

Defn: Naturally mild in temper; not easily provoked.

Syn.
 -- Good-natured, Good-tempered, Good-humored. Good-natured denotes a
disposition to please and be pleased. Good-tempered denotes a habit
of mind which is not easily ruffied by provocations or other
disturbing influences. Good-humored is applied to a spirit full of
ease and cheerfulness, as displayed in one's outward deportment and
in social intercourse. A good-natured man recommends himself to all
by the spirit which governs him. A good-humored man recommends
himself particularly as a companion. A good-tempered man is rarely
betrayed into anything which can disturb the serenity of the social
circle.

GOOD-NATUREDLY
Good`-na"tured*ly, adv.

Defn: With maldness of temper.

GOODNESS
Good"ness, n. Etym: [AS. g.]

Defn: The quality of being good in any of its various senses;
excellence; virtue; kindness; benevolence; as, the goodness of
timber, of a soil, of food; goodness of character, of disposition, of
conduct, etc.

GOOD NOW
Good" now".

Defn: An exclamation of wonder, surprise, or entreaty. [Obs.] Shak.

GOODS
Goods, n. pl.

Defn: See Good, n., 3.

GOODSHIP
Good"ship, n.

Defn: Favor; grace. [Obs.] Gower.

GOOD-TEMPERED
Good`-tem"pered, a.

Defn: Having a good temper; not easily vexed. See Good-natured.

GOODWIFE
Good"wife`, n.

Defn: The mistress of a house. [Archaic] Robynson (More's Utopia).

GOODY
Good"y, n.; pl. Goodies (.

1. A bonbon, cake, or the like; -- usually in the pl. [Colloq.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American fish; the lafayette or spot.

GOODY
Good"y, n.; pl. Goodies. Etym: [Prob. contr. from goodwife.]

Defn: Goodwife; -- a low term of civility or sport.

GOODY-GOODY
Good"y-good`y, a.

Defn: Mawkishly or weakly good; exhibiting goodness with silliness.
[Colloq.]

GOODYSHIP
Good"y*ship, n.

Defn: The state or quality of a goody or goodwife [Jocose] Hudibraus.

GOOROO; GURU
Goo*roo", Gu*ru" (, n. Etym: [Hind. gur a spiritual parent or
teacher, Skr. guru heavy, noble, venerable, teacher. Cf. Grief.]

Defn: A spiritual teacher, guide, or confessor amoung the Hindoos.
Malcom.

GOOSANDER
Goos"an`der, n. Etym: [OE. gossander, a tautological word formed fr.
goose + gander. Cf. Merganser.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of merganser (M. merganser) of Northern Europe and
America; -- called also merganser, dundiver, sawbill, sawneb,
shelduck, and sheldrake. See Merganser.

GOOSE
Goose, n.; pl. Geese. Etym: [OE. gos, AS. g, pl. g; akin to D. & G.
gans, Icel. gas, Dan. gaas, Sw. g, Russ. guse. OIr. geiss, L. anser,
for hanser, Gr. hamsa. sq. root233. Cf. Gander, Gannet, Ganza,
Gosling.] (Zoöl.)

1. Any large web-footen bird of the subfamily Anserinæ, and belonging
to Anser, Branta, Chen, and several allied genera. See Anseres.

Note: The common domestic goose is believed to have been derived from
the European graylag goose (Anser anser). The bean goose (A.
segetum), the American wild or Canada goose (Branta Canadensis), and
the bernicle goose (Branta leucopsis) are well known species. The
American white or snow geese and the blue goose belong to the genus
Chen. See Bernicle, Emperor goose, under Emperor, Snow goose, Wild
goose, Brant.

2. Any large bird of other related families, resembling the common
goose.

Note: The Egyptian or fox goose (Alopochen Ægyptiaca) and the African
spur-winged geese (Plectropterus) belong to the family
Plectropteridæ. The Australian semipalmated goose (Anseranas
semipalmata) and Cape Barren goose (Cereopsis Novæ-Hollandiæ) are
very different from northern geese, and each is made the type of a
distinct family. Both are domesticated in Australia.

3. A tailor's smoothing iron, so called from its handle, which
resembles the neck of a goose.

4. A silly creature; a simpleton.

5. A game played with counters on a board divided into compartments,
in some of which a goose was depicted.
The pictures placed for ornament and use, The twelve good rules, the
royal game of goose. Goldsmith.
A wild goose chase, an attempt to accomplish something impossible or
unlikely of attainment.
 -- Fen goose. See under Fen.
 -- Goose barnacle (Zoöl.), any pedunculated barnacle of the genus
Anatifa or Lepas; -- called also duck barnacle. See Barnacle, and
Cirripedia.
 -- Goose cap, a silly person. [Obs.] Beau. & .
 -- Goose corn (Bot.), a coarse kind of rush (Juncus squarrosus).
 -- Goose feast, Michaelmas. [Colloq. Eng.] -- Goose flesh, a
peculiar roughness of the skin produced by cold or fear; -- called
also goose skin.goose pimples and goose bumps -- Goose grass. (Bot.)
(a) A plant of the genus Galium (G. Aparine), a favorite food of
geese; -- called also catchweed and cleavers. (b) A species of
knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare). (c) The annual spear grass (Poa
annua).
 -- Goose neck, anything, as a rod of iron or a pipe, curved like the
neck of a goose; specially (Naut.), an iron hook connecting a spar
with a mast.
 -- Goose quill, a large feather or quill of a goose; also, a pen
made from it.
 -- Goose skin. See Goose flesh, above.
 -- Goose tongue (Bot.), a composite plant (Achillea ptarmica),
growing wild in the British islands.
 -- Sea goose. (Zoöl.) See Phalarope.
 -- Solan goose. (Zoöl.) See Gannet.

GOOSEBERRY
Goose"ber*ry, n.; pl. Gooseberries, Etym: [Corrupted for groseberry
or groiseberry, fr. OF. groisele, F. groseille, -- of German origin;
cf. G. krausbeere, kräuselbeere (fr. kraus crisp), D. kruisbes,
kruisbezie (as if crossberry, fr. kruis cross; for kroesbes,
kroesbezie, fr. kroes crisp), Sw. krusbär (fr. krus, krusing, crisp).
The first part of the word is perh. akin to E. curl. Cf. Grossular,
a.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any thorny shrub of the genus Ribes; also, the edible berries
of such shrub. There are several species, of which Ribes Grossularia
is the one commonly cultivated.

2. A silly person; a goose cap. Goldsmith. Barbadoes gooseberry, a
climbing prickly shrub (Pereskia aculeata) of the West Indies, which
bears edible berries resembling gooseberries.
 -- Coromandel gooseberry. See Carambola.
 -- Gooseberry fool. See lst Fool.
 -- Gooseberry worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a small moth (Dakruma
convolutella). It destroys the gooseberry by eating the interior.

GOOSE EGG
Goose egg.

Defn: In games, a zero; a score or record of naught; -- so named in
allusion to the egglike outline of the zero sign 0. Called also duck
egg. [Slang]

GOOSEFISH
Goose"fish`, n. (Zöll.)

Defn: See Angler.

GOOSEFOOT
Goose"foot`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbs (Chenopodium) mostly annual weeds; pigweed.

GOOSE-RUMPED
Goose"-rumped`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the tail set low and buttocks that fall away sharply
from the croup; -- said of certain horses.

GOOSERY
Goos"er*y, n.; pl. Gooseries (.

1. A place for keeping geese.

2. The characteristics or actions of a goose; silliness.
The finical goosery of your neat sermon actor. Milton.

GOOSEWING
Goose"wing`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: One of the clews or lower corners of a course or a topsail when
the middle part or the rest of the sail is furled.

GOOSEWINGED
Goose"winged`, a. (Naut.)
(a) Having a "goosewing."
(b) Said of a fore-and-aft rigged vessel with foresail set on one
side and mainsail on the other; wing and wing.

GOOSISH
Goos"ish, a.

Defn: Like a goose; foolish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GOOST
Goost, n.

Defn: Ghost; spirit. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GOOT
Goot, n.

Defn: A goat. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GO-OUT
Go"-out`, n.

Defn: A sluice in embankments against the sea, for letting out the
land waters, when the tide is out. [Written also gowt.]

GOPHER
Go"pher, n. Etym: [F. gaufre waffle, honeycomb. See Gauffer.] (Zoöl.)

1. One of several North American burrowing rodents of the genera
Geomys and Thomomys, of the family Geomyidæ; -- called also pocket
gopher and pouched rat. See Pocket gopher, and Tucan.

Note: The name was originally given by French settlers to many
burrowing rodents, from their honeycombing the earth.

2. One of several western American species of the genus Spermophilus,
of the family Sciuridæ; as, the gray gopher (Spermophilus Franklini)
and the striped gopher (S. tridecemlineatus); -- called also striped
prairie squirrel, leopard marmot, and leopard spermophile. See
Spermophile.

3. A large land tortoise (Testudo Carilina) of the Southern United
States, which makes extensive burrows.

4. A large burrowing snake (Spilotes Couperi) of the Southern United
States. Gopher drift (Mining), an irregular prospecting drift,
following or seeking the ore without regard to regular grade or
section. Raymond.

GOPHER STATE
Go"pher State.

Defn: Minnesota; -- a nickname alluding to the abundance of gophers.

GOPHER WOOD
Go"pher wood`. Etym: [Heb. gopher.]

Defn: A species of wood used in the construction of Noah's ark. Gen.
vi. 14.

GORACCO
Go*rac"co, n.

Defn: A paste prepared from tobacco, and smoked in hookahs in Western
India.

GORAL
Go"ral, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Indian goat antelope (Nemorhedus goral), resembling the
chamois.

GORAMY
Go"ra*my, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Gourami.

GOR-BELLIED
Gor"-bel`lied, a.

Defn: Bog-bellied. [Obs.]

GOR-BELLY
Gor"-bel`ly, n. Etym: [Gore filth, dirt + belly.]

Defn: A prominent belly; a big-bellied person. [Obs.]

GORCE
Gorce, n. Etym: [OF. gort, nom. gorz, gulf, L. gurges whirlpool,
gulf, stream. See Gorge.]

Defn: A pool of water to keep fish in; a wear. [Obs.]

GORCOCK
Gor"cock`, n. Etym: [Prob. from gore blood.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The moor cock, or red grouse. See Grouse. [Prov. Eng.]

GORCROW
Gor"crow`, n. Etym: [AS. gor dung, dirt. See Gore blood, dirt.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The carrion crow; -- called also gercrow. [Prov. Eng.]

GORD
Gord, n. [Written also gourd.] Etym: [Perh. hollow, and so named in
allusion to a gourd.]

Defn: An instrument of gaming; a sort of dice. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

GORDIACEA
Gor`di*a"ce*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Gordian, 1.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of nematoid worms, including the hairworms or hair
eels (Gordius and Mermis). See Gordius, and Illustration in Appendix.

GORDIAN
Gor"di*an, a.

1. Pertaining to Gordius, king of Phrygia, or to a knot tied by him;
hence, intricate; complicated; inextricable. Gordian knot, an
intricate knot tied by Gordius in the thong which connected the pole
of the chariot with the yoke. An oracle having declared that he who
should untie it should be master of Asia, Alexander the Great averted
the ill omen of his inability to loosen it by cutting it with his
sword. Hence, a Gordian knot is an inextricable difficulty; and to
cut the Gordian knot is to remove a difficulty by bold and energetic
measures.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Gordiacea.

GORDIAN
Gor"di*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Gordiacea.

GORDIUS
Gor"di*us, n. Etym: [NL. See Gordian, 1.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of long, slender, nematoid worms, parasitic in insects
until near maturity, when they leave the insect, and live in water,
in which they deposit their eggs; -- called also hair eel, hairworm,
and hair snake, from the absurd, but common and widely diffused,
notion that they are metamorphosed horsehairs.

GORE
Gore, n. Etym: [AS. gor dirt, dung; akin to Icel. gor, SW. gorr, OHG.
gor, and perh. to E. cord, chord, and yarn; cf. Icel. görn, garnir,
guts.]

1. Dirt; mud. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher.

2. Blood; especially, blood that after effusion has become thick or
clotted. Milton.

GORE
Gore, n. Etym: [OE. gore, gare, AS. g angular point of land, fr. g
spear; akin to D. geer gore, G. gehre gore, ger spear, Icel. geiri
gore, geir spear, and prob. to E. goad. Cf. Gar, n., Garlic, and
Gore, v.]

1. A wedgeshaped or triangular piece of cloth, canvas, etc., sewed
into a garment, sail, etc., to give greater width at a particular
part.

2. A small traingular piece of land. Cowell.

3. (Her.)

Defn: One of the abatements. It is made of two curved lines, meeting
in an acute angle in the fesse point.

Note: It is usually on the sinister side, and of the tincture called
tenné. Like the other abatements it is a modern fancy and not
actually used.

GORE
Gore, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gored; p. pr. & vb. n. Goring.] Etym: [OE.
gar spear, AS. g. See 2d Gore.]

Defn: To pierce or wound, as with a horn; to penetrate with a pointed
instrument, as a spear; to stab.
The low stumps shall gore His daintly feet. Coleridge.

GORE
Gore, v. t.

Defn: To cut in a traingular form; to piece with a gore; to provide
with a gore; as, to gore an apron.

GOREBILL
Gore"bill`, n. Etym: [2d gore + bill.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The garfish. [Prov. Eng.]

GORFLY
Gor"fly`, n.; pl. Gorflies. Etym: [Gore (AS. gor) dung + fly.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A dung fly.

GORGE
Gorge, n. Etym: [F. gorge, LL. gorgia, throat, narrow pass, and gorga
abyss, whirlpool, prob. fr. L. gurgea whirlpool, gulf, abyss; cf.
Skr. gargara whirlpool, gr to devour. Cf. Gorget.]

1. The throat; the gullet; the canal by which food passes to the
stomach.
Wherewith he gripped her gorge with so great pain. Spenser.
Now, how abhorred! . . . my gorge rises at it. Shak.

2. A narrow passage or entrance; as:
(a) A defile between mountains.
(b) The entrance into a bastion or other outwork of a fort; --
usually synonymous with rear. See Illust. of Bastion.

3. That which is gorged or swallowed, especially by a hawk or other
fowl.
And all the way, most like a brutish beast,gorge, that all did him
detest. Spenser.

4. A filling or choking of a passage or channel by an obstruction;
as, an ice gorge in a river.

5. (Arch.)

Defn: A concave molding; a cavetto. Gwilt.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: The groove of a pulley. Gorge circle (Gearing), the outline of
the smallest cross section of a hyperboloid of revolution.
 -- Gorge hook, two fishhooks, separated by a piece of lead. Knight.

GORGE
Gorge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gorged; p. pr. & vb. n. Gorging.] Etym:
[F. gorger. See Gorge, n.]

1. To swallow; especially, to swallow with greediness, or in large
mouthfuls or quantities.
The fish has gorged the hook. Johnson.

2. To glut; to fill up to the throat; to satiate.
The giant gorged with flesh. Addison.
Gorge with my blood thy barbarous appetite. Dryden.

GORGE
Gorge, v. i.

Defn: To eat greedily and to satiety. Milton.

GORGED
Gorged, a.

1. Having a gorge or throat.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Bearing a coronet or ring about the neck.

3. Glutted; fed to the full.

GORGELET
Gor"ge*let, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small gorget, as of a humming bird.

GORGEOUS
Gor"geous, a. Etym: [OF. gorgias beautiful, glorious, vain,
luxurious; cf. OF. gorgias ruff, neck handkerchief, and F. gorge
throat, and se pengorger to assume airs. Cf. Gorge, n.]

Defn: Imposing through splendid or various colors; showy; fine;
magnificent.
Cloud-land, gorgeous land. Coleridge.
Gogeous as the sun at midsummer. Shak.
-- Gor"geous*ly, adv.
 -- Gor"geous*ness, n.

GORGERIN
Gor`ge*rin", n. Etym: [F., fr. gorge neck.] (Arch.)

Defn: In some columns, that part of the capital between the
termination of the shaft and the annulet of the echinus, or the space
between two neck moldings; -- called also neck of the capital, and
hypotrachelium. See Illust. of Column.

GORGET
Gor"get, n. Etym: [OF. gorgete, dim. of gorge throat. See Gorge, n.]

1. A piece of armor, whether of chain mail or of plate, defending the
throat and upper part of the breast, and forming a part of the double
breastplate of the 14th century.

2. A piece of plate armor covering the same parts and worn over the
buff coat in the 17th century, and without other steel armor.
Unfix the gorget's iron clasp. Sir W. Scott.

3. A small ornamental plate, usually crescent-shaped, and of gilded
copper, formerly hung around the neck of officers in full uniform in
some modern armies.

4. A ruff worn by women. [Obs.]

5. (Surg.)
(a) A cutting instrument used in lithotomy.
(b) A grooved instrunent used in performing various operations; --
called also blunt gorget. Dunglison.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A crescent-shaped, colored patch on the neck of a bird or
mammal. Gorget hummer (Zoöl.), a humming bird of the genus Trochilus.
See Rubythroat.

GORGON
Gor"gon, n. Etym: [L. Gorgo, -onis, Gr.

1. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: One of three fabled sisters, Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa, with
snaky hair and of terrific aspect, the sight of whom turned the
beholder to stone. The name is particularly given to Medusa.

2. Anything very ugly or horrid. Milton.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The brindled gnu. See Gnu.

GORGON
Gor"gon, a.

Defn: Like a Gorgon; very ugly or terrific; as, a Gorgon face.
Dryden.

GORGONACEA
Gor`go*na"ce*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Gorgoniacea.

GORGONEAN
Gor*go"ne*an, a.

Defn: See Gorgonian, 1.

GORGONEION
Gor`go*ne"ion, n.; pl. Gorgoneia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Gorgo`neios,
equiv. to Gorgei^os belonging to a Gorgon.] (Arch.)

Defn: A mask carved in imitation of a Gorgon's head. Elmes.

GORGONIA
Gor*go"ni*a, n. Etym: [L., a coral which hardens in the air.] (Zoöl.)

1. A genus of Gorgoniacea, formerly very extensive, but now
restricted to such species as the West Indian sea fan (Gorgonia
flabellum), sea plume (G. setosa), and other allied species having a
flexible, horny axis.

2. Any slender branched gorgonian.

GORGONIACEA
Gor*go`ni*a"ce*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Gorgonia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the principal divisions of Alcyonaria, including those
forms which have a firm and usually branched axis, covered with a
porous crust, or c

Note: The axis is commonly horny, but it may be solid and stony
(composed of calcium carbonate), as in the red coral of commerce, or
it may be in alternating horny and stony joints, as in Isis. See
Alcyonaria, Anthozoa, C.

GORGONIAN
Gor*go"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Gorgoneus.]

1. Pertaining to, or resembling, a Gorgon; terrifying into stone;
terrific.
The rest his look Bound with Gorgonian rigor not to move. Milton.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Gorgoniacea; as, gorgonian coral.

GORGONIAN
Gor*go"ni*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Gorgoniacea.

GORGONIZE
Gor"gon*ize, v. t.

Defn: To have the effect of a Gorgon upon; to turn into stone; to
petrify. [R.]

GORGONZOLA
Gor`gon*zo"la, n. [It.]

Defn: A kind of Italian pressed milk cheese; -- so called from a
village near Milan.

GORHEN
Gor"hen`, n. Etym: [Gor- as in gorcock + hen.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The female of the gorcock.

GORILLA
Go*ril"la, n. Etym: [An African word; found in a Greek translation of
a treatise in Punic by Hanno, a Carthaginian.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, arboreal, anthropoid ape of West Africa. It is larger
than a man, and is remarkable for its massive skeleton and powerful
muscles, which give it enormous strength. In some respects its
anatomy, more than that of any other ape, except the chimpanzee,
resembles that of man.

GORING; GORING CLOTH
Gor"ing, or Gor"ing cloth` (, n., (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of canvas cut obliquely to widen a sail at the foot.

GORM
Gorm, n.

Defn: Axle grease. See Gome. [Prov. Eng.]

GORM
Gorm, v. t.

Defn: To daub, as the hands or clothing, with gorm; to daub with
anything sticky. [Prov. Eng.]

GORMA
Gor"ma, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European cormorant.

GORMAND
Gor"mand, n. Etym: [F. gourmand; cf. Prov. F. gourmer to sip, to lap,
gourmacher to eat improperly, F. gourme mumps, glanders, Icel. gormr
mud, mire, Prov. E. gorm to smear, daub; all perh. akin to E. gore
blood, filth. Cf. Gourmand.]

Defn: A greedy or ravenous eater; a luxurious feeder; a gourmand.

GORMAND
Gor"mand, a.

Defn: Gluttonous; voracious. Pope.

GORMANDER
Gor"mand*er, n.

Defn: See Gormand, n. [Obs.]

GORMANDISM
Gor"mand*ism, n.

Defn: Gluttony.

GORMANDIZE
Gor"mand*ize, v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Gormandized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gormandizing.] Etym: [F. gourmandise gluttony. See Gormand.]

Defn: To eat greedily; to swallow voraciously; to feed ravenously or
like a glutton. Shak.

GORMANDIZER
Gor"mand*i`zer, n.

Defn: A greedy, voracious eater; a gormand; a glutton.

GOROON SHELL
Go*roon" shell`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, handsome, marine, univalve shell (Triton femorale).

GORSE
Gorse, n. Etym: [OE. & AS. gorst; perh. akin to E. grow, grass.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Furze. See Furze.
The common, overgrown with fern, and rough With prickly gorse.
Cowper.
Gorse bird (Zoöl.), the European linnet; -- called also gorse
hatcher. [Prov. Eng.] -- Gorse chat (Zoöl.), the winchat.
 -- Gorse duck, the corncrake; -- called also grass drake, land
drake, and corn drake.

GORY
Gor"y, a. Etym: [From Gore.]

1. Covered with gore or clotted blood.
Thou canst not say I did it; never shake Thy gory locks at me. Shak.

2. Bloody; murderous. "Gory emulation." Shak.

GOSHAWK
Gos"hawk`, n. Etym: [AS. g, lit., goosehawk; or Icel. gashaukr. See
Goose, and Hawk the bird.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any large hawk of the genus Astur, of which many species and
varieties are known. The European (Astur palumbarius) and the
American (A. atricapillus) are the best known species. They are noted
for their powerful flight, activity, and courage. The Australian
goshawk (A. Novæ-Hollandiæ) is pure white.

GOSHERD
Gos"herd, n. Etym: [OE. gosherde. See Goose, and Herd a herdsman.]

Defn: One who takes care of geese.

GOSLET
Gos"let, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of pygmy geese, of the genus Nettepus.
They are about the size of a teal, and inhabit Africa, India, and
Australia.

GOSLING
Gos"ling, n. Etym: [AS. g goose + -ling.]

1. A young or unfledged goose.

2. A catkin on nut trees and pines. Bailey.

GOSPEL
Gos"pel, n. Etym: [OE. gospel, godspel, AS. godspell; god God + spell
story, tale. See God, and Spell, v.]

1. Glad tidings; especially, the good news concerning Christ, the
Kingdom of God, and salvation.
And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and
preaching the gospel of the kingdom. Matt. iv. 23.
The steadfast belief of the promises of the gospel. Bentley.

Note: It is probable that gospel is from. OE. godspel, God story, the
narrative concerning God; but it was early confused with god spell,
good story, good tidings, and was so used by the translators of the
Authorized version of Scripture. This use has been retained in most
cases in the Revised Version.
Thus the literal sense [of gospel] is the "narrative of God," i. e.,
the life of Christ. Skeat.

2. One of the four narratives of the life and death of Jesus Christ,
written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.

3. A selection from one of the gospels, for use in a religious
service; as, the gospel for the day.

4. Any system of religious doctrine; sometimes, any system of
political doctrine or social philosophy; as, this political gospel.
Burke.

5. Anything propounded or accepted as infallibly true; as, they took
his words for gospel. [Colloq.]
If any one thinks this expression hyperbolical, I shall only ask him
to read , instead of taking the traditional witticisms about Lee for
gospel. Saintsbury.

GOSPEL
Gos"pel, a.

Defn: Accordant with, or relating to, the gospel; evangelical; as,
gospel righteousness. Bp. Warburton.

GOSPEL
Gos"pel, v. t.

Defn: To instruct in the gospel. [Obs.] Shak.

GOSPELER
Gos"pel*er, n. Etym: [AS. godspellere.] [Written also gospeller.]

1. One of the four evangelists. Rom. of R.
Mark the gospeler was the ghostly son of Peter in baptism. Wyclif.

2. A follower of Wyclif, the first English religious reformer; hence,
a Puritan. [Obs.] Latimer.
The persecution was carried on against the gospelers with much
fierceness by those of the Roman persuasion. Strype.

3. A priest or deacon who reads the gospel at the altar during the
communion service.
The Archbishop of York was the celebrant, the epistoler being the
dean, and the gospeler the Bishop of Sydney. Pall Mall Gazette.

GOSPELIZE
Gos"pel*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gospelized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gospelizing.] Etym: [Written also gospellize.]

1. To form according to the gospel; as, a command gospelized to us.
Milton.

2. To instruct in the gospel; to evangelize; as, to gospelize the
savages. Boyle.

GOSS
Goss, n. Etym: [See Gorse.]

Defn: Gorse. [Obs.] Shak.

GOSSAMER
Gos"sa*mer, n. Etym: [OE. gossomer, gossummer, gosesomer, perh. for
goose summer, from its downy appearance, or perh. for God's summer,
cf. G. mariengarr gossamer, properly Mary's yarn, in allusion to the
Virgin Mary. Perhaps the E. word alluded to a legend that the
gossamer was the remnant of the Virgin Mary's winding sheet, which
dropped from her when she was taken up to heaven. For the use of
summer in the sense of film or threads, cf. G. Mädchensommer,
Altweibersommer, fliegender Sommer, all meaning, gossamer.]

1. A fine, filmy substance, like cobwebs, floating in the air, in
calm, clear weather, especially in autumn. It is seen in stubble
fields and on furze or low bushes, and is formed by small spiders.

2. Any very thin gauzelike fabric; also, a thin waterproof stuff.

3. An outer garment, made of waterproof gossamer. Gossamer spider
(Zoöl.), any small or young spider which spins webs by which to sail
in the air. See Ballooning spider.

GOSSAMERY
Gos"sa*mer*y, a.

Defn: Like gossamer; flimsy.
The greatest master of gossamery affectation. De Quincey.

GOSSAN
Gos"san, n. (Geol.)

Defn: Decomposed rock, usually reddish or ferruginous (owing to
oxidized pyrites), forming the upper part of a metallic vein.

GOSSANIFEROUS
Gos`san*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gossan + -ferous.]

Defn: Containing or producing gossan.

GOSSAT
Gos"sat, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small British marine fish (Motella tricirrata); -- called
also whistler and three-bearded rockling. [Prov. Eng.]

GOSSIB
Gos"sib, n.

Defn: A gossip. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

GOSSIP
Gos"sip, n. Etym: [OE. gossib, godsib, a relation or sponsor in
baptism, a relation by a religious obligation, AS. godsibb, fr. god +
sib alliance, relation; akin to G. sippe, Goth. sibja, and also to
Skr. sabha assembly.]

1. A sponsor; a godfather or a godmother.
Should a great lady that was invited to be a gossip, in her place
send her kitchen maid, 't would be ill taken. Selden.

2. A friend or comrade; a companion; a familiar and customary
acquaintance. [Obs.]
My noble gossips, ye have been too prodigal. Shak.

3. One who runs house to house, tattling and telling news; an idle
tattler.
The common chat of gossips when they meet. Dryden.

4. The tattle of a gossip; groundless rumor.
Bubbles o'er like a city with gossip, scandal, and spite. Tennyson.

GOSSIP
Gos"sip, v. t.

Defn: To stand sponsor to. [Obs.] Shak.

GOSSIP
Gos"sip, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gossiped; p. pr. & vb. n. Gossiping.]

1. To make merry. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To prate; to chat; to talk much. Shak.

3. To run about and tattle; to tell idle tales.

GOSSIPER
Gos"sip*er, n.

Defn: One given to gossip. Beaconsfield.

GOSSIPREDE
Gos"sip*rede, n. Etym: [Cf. Kindred.]

Defn: The relationship between a person and his sponsors. [Obs.]

GOSSIPRY
Gos"sip*ry, n.

1. Spiritual relationship or affinity; gossiprede; special intimacy.
Bale.

2. Idle talk; gossip. Mrs. Browning.

GOSSIPY
Gos"sip*y, a.

Defn: Full of, or given to, gossip.

GOSSOON
Gos*soon", n. Etym: [Scot. garson an attendant, fr. F. garçon, OF.
gars.]

Defn: A boy; a servant. [Ireland]

GOSSYPIUM
Gos*syp"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. gossypion, gossipion.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants which yield the cotton of the arts. The
species are much confused. G. herbaceum is the name given to the
common cotton plant, while the long-stapled sea-island cotton is
produced by G. Barbadense, a shrubby variety. There are several other
kinds besides these.

GOT
Got,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Get. See Get.

GOTE
Gote, n. Etym: [Cf. LG. gote, gaute, canal, G. gosse; akin to giessen
to pour, shed, AS. geótan, and E. fuse to melt.]

Defn: A channel for water. [Prov. Eng.] Crose.

GOTER
Go"ter, n.

Defn: a gutter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GOTH
Goth, n. Etym: [L. Gothi, pl.; cf. Gr.

1. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of an ancient Teutonic race, who dwelt between the Elbe and
the Vistula in the early part of the Christian era, and who overran
and took an important part in subverting the Roman empire.

Note: Under the reign of Valens, they took possession of Dacia (the
modern Transylvania and the adjoining regions), and came to be known
as Ostrogoths and Visigoths, or East and West Goths; the former
inhabiting countries on the Black Sea up to the Danube, and the
latter on this river generally. Some of them took possession of the
province of Moesia, and hence were called Moesogoths. Others, who
made their way to Scandinavia, at a time unknown to history, are
sometimes styled Suiogoths.

2. One who is rude or uncivilized; a barbarian; a rude, ignorant
person. Chesterfield.

GOTHAMIST
Go"tham*ist, n.

Defn: A wiseacre; a person deficient in wisdom; -- so called from
Gotham, in Nottinghamshire, England, noted for some pleasant
blunders. Bp. Morton.

GOTHAMITE
Go"tham*ite, n.

1. A gothamist.

2. An inhabitant of New York city. [Jocular] Irving.

GOTHIC
Goth"ic, a. Etym: [L. Gothicus: cf. F. gothique.]

1. Pertaining to the Goths; as, Gothic customs; also, rude;
barbarous.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a style of architecture with pointed
arches, steep roofs, windows large in proportion to the wall spaces,
and, generally, great height in proportion to the other dimensions --
prevalent in Western Europe from about 1200 to 1475 a. d. See Illust.
of Abacus, and Capital.

GOTHIC
Goth"ic, n.

1. The language of the Goths; especially, the language of that part
of the Visigoths who settled in Moesia in the 4th century. See Goth.

Note: Bishop Ulfilas or Walfila translated most of the Bible into
Gothic about the Middle of the 4th century. The portion of this
translaton which is preserved is the oldest known literary document
in any Teutonic language.

2. A kind of square-cut type, with no hair lines.

Note: This is Nonpareil GOTHIC.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: The style described in Gothic, a., 2.

GOTHICISM
Goth"i*cism, n.

1. A Gothic idiom.

2. Conformity to the Gothic style of architecture.

3. Rudeness of manners; barbarousness.

GOTHICIZE
Goth"i*cize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gothicized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gothicizing.]

Defn: To make Gothic; to bring back to barbarism.

GOTHITE; GOETHITE
Gö"thite, or Goe"thite (, n. Etym: [After the poet Göthe.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous oxide of iron, occurring in prismatic crystals, also
massive, with a fibrous, reniform, or stalactitic structure. The
color varies from yellowish to blackish brown.

GOTTEN
Got"ten,

Defn: p. p. of Get.

GOUACHE
Gouache, n. Etym: [F., It. guazzo.]

Defn: A method of painting with opaque colors, which have been ground
in water and mingled with a preparation of gum; also, a picture thus
painted.

GOUD
Goud, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. gaide, F. guède, fr. OHG. weit; or cf. F.
gaude weld. Cf. Woad.]

Defn: Woad. [Obs.]

GOUDRON
Gou`dron", n. Etym: [F., tar.] (Mil.)

Defn: a small fascine or fagot, steeped in wax, pitch, and glue, used
in various ways, as for igniting buildings or works, or to light
ditches and ramparts. Farrow.

GOUGE
Gouge, n. Etym: [F. gouge. LL. gubia, guvia, gulbia, gulvia, gulvium;
cf. Bisc. gubia bow, gubioa throat.]

1. A chisel, with a hollow or semicylindrical blade, for scooping or
cutting holes, channels, or grooves, in wood, stone, etc.; a similar
instrument, with curved edge, for turning wood.

2. A bookbinder's tool for blind tooling or gilding, having a face
which forms a curve.

3. An incising tool which cuts forms or blanks for gloves, envelopes,
etc.. from leather, paper, etc. Knight.

4. (Mining)

Defn: Soft material lying between the wall of a vein aud the solid
vein. Raymond.

5. The act of scooping out with a gouge, or as with a gouge; a groove
or cavity scooped out, as with a gouge.

6. Imposition; cheat; fraud; also, an impostor; a cheat; a trickish
person. [Slang, U. S.] Gouge bit, a boring bit, shaped like a gouge.

GOUGE
Gouge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gouged; p. pr. & vb. n. Gouging.]

1. To scoop out with a gouge.

2. To scoop out, as an eye, with the thumb nail; to force out the eye
of (a person) with the thumb. [K S.]

Note: A barbarity mentioned by some travelers as formerly practiced
in the brutal frays of desperadoes in some parts of the United
States.

3. To cheat in a bargain; to chouse. [Slang, U. S.]

GOUGER
Gou"ger, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Plum Gouger.

GOUGESHELL
Gouge"shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sharp-edged, tubular, marine shell, of the genus Vermetus;
also, the pinna. See Vermetus.

GOUJERE
Gou"jere, n. Etym: [F. gouge prostitute, a camp trull. Cf. Good-
year.]

Defn: The venereal disease. [Obs.]

GOULAND
Gou"land, n.

Defn: See Golding.

GOULARDS EXTRACT
Gou*lard"s" ex"tract". Etym: [Named after the introducer, Thomas
Goulard, a French surgeon.] (Med.)

Defn: An aqueous solution of the subacetate of lead, used as a lotion
in cases of inflammation. Goulard's cerate is a cerate containing
this extract.

GOUR
Gour, n. Etym: [See Giaour.]

1. A fire worshiper; a Gheber or Gueber. Tylor.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Koulan.

GOURA
Gou"ra, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of large, crested ground pigeons of the
genus Goura, inhabiting New Guinea and adjacent islands. The Queen
Victoria pigeon (Goura Victoria) and the crowned pigeon (G. coronata)
are among the beat known species.

GOURAMI
Gou"ra*mi, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very largo East Indian freshwater fish (Osphromenus gorami),
extensively reared in artificial ponds in tropical countries, and
highly valued as a food fish. Many unsuccessful efforts have been
made to introduce it into Southern Europe. [Written also goramy.]

GOURD
Gourd, n. Etym: [F. gourde, OF. cougourde, gouhourde, fr. L.
cucurbita gourd (cf. NPr. cougourdo); perh. akin to corbin basket, E.
corb. Cf. Cucurbite.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A fleshy, three-celled, many-seeded fruit, as the melon,
pumpkin, cucumber, etc., of the order Cucurbitaceæ; and especially
the bottle gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris) which occurs in a great variety
of forms, and, when the interior part is removed, serves for bottles,
dippers, cups, and other dishes.

2. A dipper or other vessel made from the shell of a gourd; hence, a
drinking vessel; a bottle. Chaucer. Bitter gourd, colocynth.

GOURD
Gourd, n.

Defn: A false die. See Gord.

GOURD; GOURDE
Gourd, Gourde n. Etym: [Sp. gordo large.]

Defn: A silver dollar; -- so called in Cuba, Hayti, etc. Simmonds.

GOURDINESS
Gourd"i*ness, n. Etym: [From Gourdy.] (Far.)

Defn: The state of being gourdy.

GOURD TREE
Gourd" tree". (Bot.)

Defn: A tree (the Crescentia Cujete, or calabash tree) of the West
Indies and Central America.

GOURDWORM
Gourd"worm", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fluke of sheep. See Fluke.

GOURDY
Gourd"y, a. Etym: [Either fr. gourd, or fr. F. gourd benumbed.]
(Far.)

Defn: Swelled in the legs.

GOURMAND
Gour"mand, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A greedy or ravenous eater; a glutton. See Gormand.
That great gourmand, fat Apicius B. Jonson.

GOURMET
Gour"met", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A connoisseur in eating and drinking; an epicure.

GOURNET
Gour"net, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish. See Gurnet.

GOUT
Gout, n. Etym: [F. goutte a drop, the gout, the disease being
considered as a defluxion, fr. L. gutta drop.]

1. A drop; a clot or coagulation.
On thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood. Shak.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A constitutional disease, occurring by paroxysms. It constists
in an inflammation of the fibrous and ligamentous parts of the
joints, and almost always attacks first the great toe, next the
smaller joints, after which, it may attack the greater articulations.
It is attended with various sympathettic phenomena, particularly in
the digestive organs. It may also attack internal organs, as the
stomach, the intestines, etc. Dunglison.

3. A disease of cornstalks. See Corn fly, under Corn. Cout stones.
See Chalkstone, n., 2.

GOUT
Goût, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. gustus taste. See Gusto.]

Defn: Taste; relish.

GOUTILY
Gout"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a gouty manner.

GOUTINESS
Gout"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being gouty; gout.

GOUTWEED; GOUTWORT
Gout"weed` (, Gout"wort` n. Etym: [So called from having been
formerly used in assuaging the pain of the gout.] (Bot.)

Defn: A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (Ægopodium Podagraria);
-- called also bishop's weed, ashweed, and herb gerard.

GOUTY
Gout"y, a.

1. Diseased with, or subject to, the gout; as, a gouty person; a
gouty joint.

2. Pertaining to the gout. "Gouty matter." Blackmore.

3. Swollen, as if from gout. Derham.

4. Boggy; as, gouty land. [Obs.] Spenser. Gouty bronchitis,
bronchitis arising as a secondary disease during the progress of
gout.
 -- Gouty concretions, calculi (urate of sodium) formed in the
joints, kidneys, etc., of sufferers from gout.
 -- Gouty kidney, an affection occurring during the progress of gout,
the kidney shriveling and containing concretions of urate of sodium.

GOVE
Gove, n. Etym: [Also goaf, goof, goff.]

Defn: A mow; a rick for hay. [Obs.] Tusser.

GOVERN
Gov"ern, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Governed; p. pr. & vb. n. Governing.]
Etym: [OF. governer, F. gouverner, fr. L. gubernare to steer, pilot,
govern, Gr. Gubernatorial.]

1. To direct and control, as the actions or conduct of men, either by
established laws or by arbitrary will; to regulate by authority. "Fit
to govern and rule multitudes." Shak.

2. To regulate; to influence; to direct; to restrain; to manage; as,
to govern the life; to govern a horse.
Govern well thy appetite. Milton.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: To require to be in a particular case; as, a transitive verb
governs a noun in the objective case; or to require (a particular
case); as, a transitive verb governs the objective case.

GOVERN
Gov"ern, v. i.

Defn: To exercise authority; to administer the laws; to have the
control. Dryden.

GOVERNABILITY
Gov"ern*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Governableness.

GOVERNABLE
Gov"ern*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gouvernable.]

Defn: Capable of being governed, or subjected to authority;
controllable; manageable; obedient. Locke.

GOVERNABLENESS
Gov"ern*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being governable; manageableness.

GOVERNAL; GOVERNAIL
Gov"ern*al, Gov"ern*ail (, n. Etym: [Cf. F. gouvernail helm, rudder,
L. gubernaculum.]

Defn: Management; mastery. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

GOVERNANCE
Gov"ern*ance, n. Etym: [F. gouvernance.]

Defn: Exercise of authority; control; government; arrangement.
Chaucer. J. H. Newman.

GOVERNANTE
Gov"ern*ante", n. Etym: [F. gouvernante. See Govern.]

Defn: A governess. Sir W. Scott.

GOVERNESS
Gov"ern*ess, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. governeresse. See Governor.]

Defn: A female governor; a woman invested with authority to control
and direct; especially, one intrusted with the care and instruction
of children, -- usually in their homes.

GOVERNING
Gov"ern*ing, a.

1. Holding the superiority; prevalent; controlling; as, a governing
wind; a governing party in a state. Jay.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Requiring a particular case.

GOVERNMENT
Gov"ern*ment, n. Etym: [F. gouvernement. See Govern.]

1. The act of governing; the exercise of authority; the
administration of laws; control; direction; regulation; as, civil,
church, or family government.

2. The mode of governing; the system of polity in a state; the
established form of law.
That free government which we have so dearly purchased, free
commonwealth. Milton.

3. The right or power of governing; authority.
I here resign my goverment to thee. Shak.

4. The person or persons authorized to administer the laws; the
ruling powe; the administratian.
When we, in England, speak of the government, we generally understand
the ministers of the crown for the time being. Mozley & W.

5. The body politic governed by one authority; a state; as, the
governments of Europe.

6. Management of the limbs or body. Shak.

7. (Gram.)

Defn: The influence of a word in regard to construction, requiring
that another word should be in a particular case.

GOVERNMENTAL
Gov"ern*men"tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gouveernemental.]

Defn: Pertaining to government; made by government; as, governmental
duties.

GOVERNOR
Gov"ern*or, n. Etym: [OE. governor, governour, OF. governeor, F.
gouverneur, fr. L. gubernator steersman, ruler, governor. See
Govern.]

1. One who governs; especially, one who is invested with the supreme
executive authority in a State; a chief ruler or magistrate; as, the
governor of Pennsylvania. "The governor of the town." Shak.

2. One who has the care or guardianship of a young man; a tutor; a
guardian.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A pilot; a steersman. [R.]

4. (Mach.)

Defn: A contrivance applied to steam engines, water wheels, and other
machinery, to maintain nearly uniform speed when the resistances and
motive force are variable.

Note: The illustration shows a form of governor commonly used for
steam engines, in wich a heavy sleeve (a) sliding on a rapidly
revolving spindle (b), driven by the engine, is raised or lowered,
when the speed varies, by the changing centrifugal force of two balls
(c c) to which it is connected by links (d d), the balls being
attached to arms (e e) which are jointed to the top of the spindle.
The sleeve is connected with the throttle valve or cut-off through a
lever (f), and its motion produces a greater supply of steam when the
engine runs too slowly and a less supply when too fast. Governor cut-
off (Steam Engine), a variable cut-off gear in which the governor
acts in such a way as to cause the steam to be cut off from entering
the cylinder at points of the stroke dependent upon the engine's
speed.
 -- Hydraulic governor (Mach.), a governor which is operated by the
action of a liquid in flowing; a cataract.

GOVERNOR GENERAL
Gov"ern*or gen"er*al.

Defn: A governor who has lieutenant or deputy governors under him;
as, the governor general of Canada, of India.

GOVERNORSHIP
Gov"ern*or*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a governor.

GOWAN
Gow"an, n. Etym: [Scot., fr. Gael. gugan bud, flower, daisy.]

1. The daisy, or mountain daisy. [Scot.]
And pu'd the gowans fine. Burns.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Decomposed granite.

GOWANY
Gow"an*y, a.

Defn: Having, abounding in, or decked with, daisies. [Scot.]
Sweeter than gowany glens or new-mown hay. Ramsay.

GOWD
Gowd, n. Etym: [Cf. Gold.]

Defn: Gold; wealth. [Scot.]
The man's the gowd for a' that. Burns.

GOWDEN
Gowd"en, a.

Defn: Golden. [Scot.]

GOWDIE
Gow"die, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Dragont. [Scot.]

GOWDNOOK
Gowd"nook", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The saury pike; -- called also gofnick.

GOWK
Gowk, v. t. Etym: [See Gawk.]

Defn: To make a, booby of one); to stupefy. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

GOWK
Gowk, n. Etym: [See Gawk.] (Zoöl.)

1. The European cuckoo; -- called also gawky.

2. A simpleton; a gawk or gawky.

GOWL
Gowl, v. i. Etym: [OE. gaulen, goulen. Cf. Yawl, v. i.]

Defn: To howl. [Obs.] Wyclif.

GOWN
Gown, n. Etym: [OE. goune, prob. from W. gwn gown, loose robe, akin
to Ir. gunn, Gael. gùn; cf. OF. gone, prob. of the same origin.]

1. A loose, flowing upper garment; especially:
(a) The ordinary outer dress of a woman; as, a calico or silk gown.
(b) The official robe of certain professional men and scholars, as
university students and officers, barristers, judges, etc.; hence,
the dress of peace; the dress of civil officers, in distinction from
military.
He Mars deposed, and arms to gowns made yield. Dryden.

(c) A loose wrapper worn by gentlemen within doors; a dressing gown.

2. Any sort of dress or garb.
He comes . . . in the gown of humility. Shak.

GOWNED
Gowned, p. a.

Defn: Dressed in a gown; clad.
Gowned in pure white, that fitted to the shape. Tennyson.

GOWNSMAN; GOWNMAN
Gowns"man, Gown"man (, n.; pl. -men (-men).

Defn: One whose professional habit is a gown, as a divine or lawyer,
and particularly a member of an English university; hence, a
civilian, in distinction from a soldier.

GOZZARD
Goz"zard, n.

Defn: See Gosherd. [Prov. Eng.]

GRAAFIAN
Graaf"i*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or discovered by, Regnier de Graaf, a Dutch
physician. Graafian follicles or vesicles, small cavities in which
the ova are developed in the ovaries of mammals, and by the bursting
of which they are discharged.

GRAAL
Graal, n.

Defn: See Grail., a dish.

GRAB
Grab, n. Etym: [Ar. & Hind. ghur crow, raven, a kind of Arab ship.]
(Naut.)

Defn: A vessel used on the Malabar coast, having two or three masts.

GRAB
Grab, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Grabbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Grabbing.]
Etym: [Akin to Sw. grabba to grasp. Cf. Grabble, Grapple, Grasp.]

Defn: To gripe suddenly; to seize; to snatch; to clutch.

GRAB
Grab, n.

1. A sudden grasp or seizure.

2. An instrument for clutching objects for the purpose of raising
them; -- specially applied to devices for withdrawing drills, etc.,
from artesian and other wells that are drilled, bored, or driven.
Grab hag, at fairs, a bag or box holding small articles which are to
be drawn, without being seen, on payment of a small sum. [Colloq.] --
Grab game, a theft committed by grabbing or snatching a purse or
other piece of property. [Colloq.]

GRABBER
Grab"ber, n.

Defn: One who seizes or grabs.

GRABBLE
Grab"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grabbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Grabbling (.]
Etym: [Freq. of grab; cf. D. grabbelen.]

1. To grope; to feel with the hands.
He puts his hands into his pockets, and keeps a grabbling and
fumbling. Selden.

2. To lie prostrate on the belly; to sprawl on the ground; to grovel.
Ainsworth.

GRACE
Grace, n. Etym: [F. grâce, L. gratia, from gratus beloved, dear,
agreeable; perh. akin to Gr. hary to desire, and E. yearn. Cf.
Grateful, Gratis.]

1. The exercise of love, kindness, mercy, favor; disposition to
benefit or serve another; favor bestowed or privilege conferred.
To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee. Milton.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: The divine favor toward man; the mercy of God, as distinguished
from His justice; also, any benefits His mercy imparts; divine love
or pardon; a state of acceptance with God; enjoyment of the divine
favor.
And if by grace, then is it no more of works. Rom. xi. 6.
My grace is sufficicnt for thee. 2 Cor. xii. 9.
Where sin abounded, grace did much more abound. Rom. v. 20.
By whom also we have access by faith into this grace wherein we
stand. Rom. v.2

3. (Law)
(a) The prerogative of mercy execised by the executive, as pardon.
(b) The same prerogative when exercised in the form of equitable
relief through chancery.

4. Fortune; luck; -- used commonly with hard or sorry when it means
misfortune. [Obs.] Chaucer.

5. Inherent excellence; any endowment or characteristic fitted to win
favor or confer pleasure or benefit.
He is complete in feature and in mind. With all good grace to grace a
gentleman. Shak.
I have formerly given the general character of Mr. Addison's style
and manner as natural and unaffected, easy and polite, and full of
those graces which a flowery imagination diffuses over writing.
Blair.

6. Beauty, physical, intellectual, or moral; loveliness; commonly,
easy elegance of manners; perfection of form.
Grace in women gains the affections sooner, and secures them longer,
than any thing else. Hazlitt.
I shall answer and thank you again For the gift and the grace of the
gift. Longfellow.

7. pl. (Myth.)

Defn: Graceful and beautiful females, sister goddesses, represented
by ancient writers as the attendants sometimes of Apollo but oftener
of Venus. They were commonly mentioned as three in number; namely,
Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, and were regarded as the inspirers of
the qualities which give attractiveness to wisdom, love, and social
intercourse.
The Graces love to weave the rose. Moore.
The Loves delighted, and the Graces played. Prior.

8. The title of a duke, a duchess, or an archbishop, and formerly of
the king of England.
How fares your Grace ! Shak.

9. (Commonly pl.)

Defn: Thanks. [Obs.]
Yielding graces and thankings to their lord Melibeus. Chaucer.

10. A petition for grace; a blessing asked, or thanks rendered,
before or after a meal.

11. pl. (Mus.)

Defn: Ornamental notes or short passages, either introduced by the
performer, or indicated by the composer, in which case the notation
signs are called grace notes, appeggiaturas, turns, etc.

12. (Eng. Universities)

Defn: An act, vote, or decree of the government of the institution; a
degree or privilege conferred by such vote or decree. Walton.

13. pl.

Defn: A play designed to promote or display grace of motion. It
consists in throwing a small hoop from one player to another, by
means of two sticks in the hands of each. Called also grace hoop or
hoops. Act of grace. See under Act.
 -- Day of grace (Theol.), the time of probation, when the offer of
divine forgiveness is made and may be accepted.
That day of grace fleets fast away. I. Watts.
-- Days of grace (Com.), the days immediately following the day when
a bill or note becomes due, which days are allowed to the debtor or
payer to make payment in. In Great Britain and the United States, the
days of grace are three, but in some countries more, the usages of
merchants being different.
 -- Good graces, favor; friendship.
 -- Grace cup. (a) A cup or vessel in which a health is drunk after
grace. (b) A health drunk after grace has been said.
The grace cup follows to his sovereign's health. Hing.
-- Grace drink, a drink taken on rising from the table; a grace cup.
To [Queen Margaret, of Scotland] . . . we owe the custom of the grace
drink, she having established it as a rule at her table, that
whosoever staid till grace was said was rewarded with a bumper.
Encyc. Brit.
-- Grace hoop, a hoop used in playing graces. See Grace, n., 13.
 -- Grace note (Mus.), an appoggiatura. See Appoggiatura, and def. 11
above.
 -- Grace stroke, a finishing stoke or touch; a coup de grace.
 -- Means of grace, means of securing knowledge of God, or favor with
God, as the preaching of the gospel, etc.
 -- To do grace, to reflect credit upon.
Content to do the profession some grace. Shak.
-- To say grace, to render thanks before or after a meal.
 -- With a good grace, in a fit and proper manner grace fully;
graciously.
 -- With a bad grace, in a forced, reluctant, or perfunctory manner;
ungraciously.
What might have been done with a good grace would at least be done
with a bad grace. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Elegance; comeliness; charm; favor; kindness; mercy.
 -- Grace, Mercy. These words, though often interchanged, have each a
distinctive and peculiar meaning. Grace, in the strict sense of the
term, is spontaneous favor to the guilty or undeserving; mercy is
kindness or compassion to the suffering or condemned. It was the
grace of God that opened a way for the exercise of mercy toward men.
See Elegance.

GRACE
Grace, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graced; p. pr. & vb. n. Gracing.]

1. To adorn; to decorate; to embellish and dignify.
Great Jove and Phoebus graced his noble line. Pope.
We are graced with wreaths of victory. Shak.

2. To dignify or raise by an act of favor; to honor.
He might, at his pleasure, grace or disgrace whom he would in court.
Knolles.

3. To supply with heavenly grace. Bp. Hall.

4. (Mus.) To add grace notes, cadenzas, etc., to.

GRACED
Graced, a.

Defn: Endowed with grace; beautiful; full of graces; honorable. Shak.

GRACEFUL
Grace"ful, a.

Defn: Displaying grace or beauty in form or action; elegant; easy;
agreeable in appearance; as, a graceful walk, deportment, speaker,
air, act, speech.
High o'er the rest in arms the graceful Turnus rode. Dryden.
-- Grace"ful*ly, adv. Grace"ful*ness, n.

GRACELESS
Grace"less, a.

1. Wanting in grace or excellence; departed from, or deprived of,
divine grace; hence, depraved; corrupt. "In a graceless age." Milton.

2. Unfortunate. Cf. Grace, n., 4. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- Grace"less*ly, adv.
 -- Grace"less-ness, n.

GRACILE; GRACILLENT
Grac"ile, Grac"il*lent a. Etym: [L. gracilis, gracilentus.]

Defn: Slender; thin. [Obs.] Bailey.

GRACILITY
Gra*cil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. gracilitas; cf. F. gracilité.]

Defn: State of being gracilent; slenderness. Milman. "Youthful
gracility." W. D. Howells.

GRACIOUS
Gra"cious, a. Etym: [F. gracieux, L. gratiosus. See Grace.]

1. Abounding in grace or mercy; manifesting love,. or bestowing
mercy; characterized by grace; beneficent; merciful; disposed to show
kindness or favor; condescending; as, his most gracious majesty.
A god ready to pardon, gracious and merciful. Neh. ix. 17.
So hallowed and so gracious in the time. Shak.

2. Abounding in beauty, loveliness, or amiability; graceful;
excellent.
Since the birth of Cain, the first male child, . . . There was not
such a gracious creature born. Shak.

3. Produced by divine grace; influenced or controlled by the divine
influence; as, gracious affections.

Syn.
 -- Favorable; kind; benevolent; friendly; beneficent; benignant;
merciful.

GRACIOUSLY
Gra"cious*ly, adv.

1. In a gracious manner; courteously; benignantly. Dryden.

2. Fortunately; luckily. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GRACIOUSNESS
Gra"cious*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being gracious.

GRACKLE
Grac"kle, n. Etym: [Cf. L. graculus jackdaw.] (Zoöl.)
(a) One of several American blackbirds, of the family Icteridæ; as,
the rusty grackle (Scolecophagus Carolinus); the boat-tailed grackle
(see Boat-tail); the purple grackle (Quiscalus quiscula, or Q.
versicolor). See Crow blackbird, under Crow.
(b) An Asiatic bird of the genus Gracula. See Myna.

GRADATE
Gra"date, v. t. Etym: [See Grade.]

1. To grade or arrange (parts in a whole, colors in painting, etc.),
so that they shall harmonize.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: To bring to a certain strength or grade of concentration; as,
to gradate a saline solution.

GRADATION
Gra*da"tion, n., Etym: [L. gradatio: cf. F. gradation. See Grade.]

1. The act of progressing by regular steps or orderly arrangement;
the state of being graded or arranged in ranks; as, the gradation of
castes.

2. The act or process of bringing to a certain grade.

3. Any degree or relative position in an order or series.
The several gradations of the intelligent universe. I. Taylor.

4. (Fine Arts)

Defn: A gradual passing from one tint to another or from a darker to
a lighter shade, as in painting or drawing.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: A diatonic ascending or descending succession of chords.

GRADATION
Gra*da"tion, v. t.

Defn: To form with gradations. [R.]

GRADATIONAL
Gra*da"tion*al, a.

Defn: By regular steps or gradations; of or pertaining to gradation.

GRADATORY
Grad"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [See Grade.]

1. Proceeding step by step, or by gradations; gradual.
Could we have seen [Macbeth's] crimes darkening on their progress . .
. could this gradatory apostasy have been shown us. A. Seward.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Suitable for walking; -- said of the limbs of an animal when
adapted for walking on land.

GRADATORY
Grad"a*to*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. gradatarium.] (Arch.)

Defn: A series of steps from a cloister into a church.

GRADE
Grade, n. Etym: [F. grade, L. gradus step, pace, grade, from gradi to
step, go. Cf. Congress, Degree, Gradus.]

1. A step or degree in any series, rank, quality, order; relative
position or standing; as, grades of military rank; crimes of every
grade; grades of flour.
They also appointed and removed, at their own pleasure, teachers of
every grade. Buckle.

2. In a railroad or highway:
(a) The rate of ascent or descent; gradient; deviation from a level
surface to an inclined plane; -- usually stated as so many feet per
mile, or as one foot rise or fall in so many of horizontal distance;
as, a heavy grade; a grade of twenty feet per mile, or of 1 in 264.
(b) A graded ascending, descending, or level portion of a road; a
gradient.

3. (Stock Breeding)

Defn: The result of crossing a native stock with some better breed.
If the crossbreed have more than three fourths of the better blood,
it is called high grade. At grade, on the same level; -- said of the
crossing of a railroad with another railroad or a highway, when they
are on the same level at the point of crossing.
 -- Down grade, a descent, as on a graded railroad.
 -- Up grade, an ascent, as on a graded railroad.
 -- Equating for grades. See under Equate.
 -- Grade crossing, a crossing at grade.

GRADE
Grade, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graded; p. pr. & vb. n. Grading.]

1. To arrange in order, steps, or degrees, according to size,
quality, rank, etc.

2. To reduce to a level, or to an evenly progressive ascent, as the
line of a canal or road.

3. (Stock Breeding)

Defn: To cross with some better breed; to improve the blood of.

GRADELY
Grade"ly, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. grad grade, step, order, fr. L. gradus.
See Grade.]

Defn: Decent; orderly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
 -- adv.

Defn: Decently; in order. [Prov. Eng.]

GRADER
Grad"er, n.

Defn: 1. One who grades, or that by means of which grading is done or
facilitate.

Defn: 2. A vehicle used for levelling earth, esp. one with a plow
blade suspended from the center, used specifically for grading roads.

GRADIENT
Gra"di*ent, a. Etym: [L. gradiens, p. pr. of gradi to step, to go.
See Grade.]

1. Moving by steps; walking; as, gradient automata. Wilkins.

2. Rising or descending by regular degrees of inclination; as, the
gradient line of a railroad.

3. Adapted for walking, as the feet of certain birsds.

GRADIENT
Gra"di*ent, n.

1. The rate of regular or graded ascent or descent in a road; grade.

2. A part of a road which slopes upward or downward; a portion of a
way not level; a grade.

3. The rate of increase or decrease of a variable magnitude, or the
curve which represents it; as, a thermometric gradient. Gradient
post, a post or stake indicating by its height or by marks on it the
grade of a railroad, highway, or embankment, etc., at that spot.

GRADIN; GRADINE
Gra"din, Gra*dine", n. Etym: [F. gradin, dim. of grade. See Grade.]
(Arch.)

Defn: Any member like a step, as the raised back of an altar or the
like; a set raised over another. "The gradines of the amphitheeater."
Layard.

GRADINE
Gra*dine", n. Etym: [F. gradine.]

Defn: A toothed chised by sculptors.

GRADING
Grad"ing, n.

Defn: The act or method of arranging in or by grade, or of bringing,
as the surface of land or a road, to the desired level or grade.

GRADINO
Gra*di"no, n.; pl. Gradinos. Etym: [It.] (Arch.)

Defn: A step or raised shelf, as above a sideboard or altar. Cf.
Superaltar, and Gradin.

GRADUAL
Grad"u*al"; a. Etym: [Cf; F. graduel. See Grade, and cf. Gradual, n.]

Defn: Proceeding by steps or degrees; advancing, step by step, as in
ascent or descent or from one state to another; regularly
progressive; slow; as, a gradual increase of knowledge; a gradual
decline.
Creatures animate with gradual life Of growth, sense, reason, all
summed up in man. Milton.

GRADUAL
Grad"u*al, n. Etym: [LL. graduale a gradual (in sense 1), fr. L.
gradus step: cf. F. graduel. See Grade, and cf. Grail a gradual.]

1. (R. C. Ch.)
(a) An antiphon or responsory after the epistle, in the Mass, which
was sung on the steps, or while the deacon ascended the steps.
(b) A service book containing the musical portions of the Mass.

2. A series of steps. [Obs.] Dryden.

GRADUALITY
Grad"u*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being gradual; gradualness. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

GRADUALLY
Grad"u*al*ly, adv.

1. In a gradual manner.

2. In degree. [Obs.]
Human reason doth not only gradually, but specifically, differ from
the fantastic reason of brutes. Grew.

GRADUALNESS
Grad"u*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being gradual; regular progression or
gradation; slowness.
The gradualness of this movement. M. Arnold.
The gradualness of growth is a characteristic which strikes the
simplest observer. H. Drummond.

GRADUATE
Grad"u*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graduated p. pr. & vb. n. Graduating
(.] Etym: [Cf. F. graduer. See Graduate, n., Grade.]

1. To mark with degrees; to divide into regular steps, grades, or
intervals, as the scale of a thermometer, a scheme of punishment or
rewards, etc.

2. To admit or elevate to a certain grade or degree; esp., in a
college or university, to admit, at the close of the course, to an
honorable standing defined by a diploma; as, he was graduated at Yale
College.

3. To prepare gradually; to arrange, temper, or modify by degrees or
to a certain degree; to determine the degrees of; as, to graduate the
heat of an oven.
Dyers advance and graduate their colors with salts. Browne.

4. (Chem.)

Defn: To bring to a certain degree of consistency, by evaporation, as
a fluid. Graduating engine, a dividing engine. See Dividing engine,
under Dividing.

GRADUATE
Grad"u*ate, v. i.

1. To pass by degrees; to change gradually; to shade off; as,
sandstone which graduates into gneiss; carnelian sometimes graduates
into quartz.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: To taper, as the tail of certain birds.

3. To take a degree in a college or university; to become a graduate;
to receive a diploma.
He graduated at Oxford. Latham.
He was brought to their bar and asked where he had graduated.
Macaulay.

GRADUATE
Grad"u*ate, n. Etym: [LL. graduatus, p. p. of graduare to admit to a
degree, fr. L. gradus grade. See Grade, n.]

1. One who has received an academical or professional degree; one who
has completed the prescribed course of study in any school or
institution of learning.

2. A graduated cup, tube, or flask; a measuring glass used by
apothecaries and chemists. See under Graduated.

GRADUATE
Grad"u*ate, a. Etym: [See Graduate, n. & v.]

Defn: Arrangei by successive steps or degrees; graduated.
Beginning with the genus, passing through all the graduate and
subordinate stages. Tatham.

GRADUATED
Grad"u*a"ted, a.

1. Marked with, or divided into, degrees; divided into grades.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Tapered; -- said of a bird's tail when the outer feathers are
shortest, and the others successively longer. Graduated tube, bottle,
cap, or glass, a vessel, usually of glass, having horizontal marks
upon its sides, with figures, to indicate the amount of the contents
at the several levels.
 -- Graduated spring (Railroads), a combination of metallic and
rubber springs.

GRADUATESHIP
Grad"u*ate*ship, n.

Defn: State of being a graduate. Milton.

GRADUATION
Grad"u*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. graduatio promotion to a degree: cf. F.
graduation division into degrees.]

1. The act of graduating, or the state of being graduated; as,
graduation of a scale; graduation at a college; graduation in color;
graduation by evaporation; the graduation of a bird's tail, etc.

2. The marks on an instrument or vessel to indicate degrees or
quantity; a scale.

3. The exposure of a liquid in large surfaces to the air, so as to
hasten its evaporation.

GRADUATOR
Grad"u*a"tor, n.

1. One who determines or indicates graduation; as, a graduator of
instruments.

2. An instrument for dividing any line, right or curve, into small,
regular intervals.

3. An apparatus for diffusing a solution, as brine or vinegar, over a
large surface, for exposure to the air.

GRADUS
Gra"dus, n. Etym: [From L. gradus ad Parnassum a step to Parnassus.]

Defn: A dictionary of prosody, designed as an aid in writing Greek or
Latin poetry.
He set to work . . . without gradus or other help. T. Hughes.

GRAF
Graf, n. Etym: [G. Cf. -grave.]

Defn: A German title of nobility, equivalent to earl in English, or
count in French. See Earl.

GRAFF
Graff, n. Etym: [OE. grafe, greife, greive. Cf. Margrave.]

Defn: A steward; an overseer.
[A prince] is nothing but a servant, overseer, or graff, and not the
head, which is a title belonging only to Christ. John Knox.

GRAFF
Graff n. & v.

Defn: See Graft.

GRAFFAGE
Graff"age, n. Etym: [Cf. Grave, n.]

Defn: The scarp of a ditch or moat. "To clean the graffages." Miss
Mitford.

GRAFFER
Graf"fer, n. Etym: [See Greffier.] (Law.)

Defn: a notary or scrivener. Bowvier.

GRAFFITI
Graf*fi"ti, n. pl. Etym: [It., pl. of graffito scratched]

Defn: Inscriptions, figure drawings, etc., found on the walls of
ancient sepulchers or ruins, as in the Catacombs, or at Pompeii.

GRAFFITO
Graf*fi"to, n. [It., fr. graffio a scratching.] (Art)

Defn: Production of decorative designs by scratching them through a
surface of layer plaster, glazing, etc., revealing a different-
colored ground; also, pottery or ware so decorated; -- chiefly used
attributively.

GRAFT
Graft, n. Etym: [OE. graff, F. greffe, originally the same word as
OF. grafe pencil, L. graphium, Gr. carve. So named from the
resemblance of a scion or shoot to a pointed pencil. Cf. Graphic,
Grammar.]
(a) A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree, the
stock of which is to support and nourish it. The two unite and become
one tree, but the graft determines the kind of fruit.
(b) A branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot.
(c) (Surg.) A portion of living tissue used in the operation of
autoplasty.

GRAFT
Graft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grafted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grafting.] Etym:
[F. greffer. See Graft, n.]

1. To insert (a graft) in a branch or stem of another tree; to
propagate by insertion in another stock; also, to insert a graft
upon. [Formerly written graff.]

2.

(Surg.)

Defn: To implant a portion of (living flesh or akin) in a lesion so
as to form an organic union.

3.

Defn: To join (one thing) to another as if by grafting, so as to
bring about a close union.
And graft my love immortal on thy fame ! Pope.

4.

(Naut.)

Defn: To cover, as a ring bolt, block strap, splicing, etc., with a
weaving of small cord or rope-yarns.

GRAFT
Graft, v. i.

Defn: To insert scions from one tree, or kind of tree, etc., into
another; to practice grafting.

GRAFTAGE
Graft"age, n. (Hort.)

Defn: The science of grafting, including the various methods of
practice and details of operation.

GRAFTER
Graft"er, n.

1. One who inserts scions on other stocks, or propagates fruit by
ingrafting.

2.

Defn: An instrument by which grafting is facilitated.

3. The original tree from which a scion has been taken for grafting
upon another tree. Shak.

GRAFTING
Graft"ing n. 1. (Hort.) The act, art, or process of inserting grafts.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The act or method of weaving a cover for a ring, rope end, etc.

3. (Surg.)

Defn: The transplanting of a portion of flesh or skin to a denuded
surface; autoplasty.

4. (Carp.)

Defn: A scarfing or endwise attachment of one timber to another.
Cleft grafting (Hort.) a method of grafting in which the scion is
placed in a cleft or slit in the stock or stump made by sawing off a
branch, usually in such a manaer that its bark evenly joins that of
the stock.
 -- Crown, or Rind, grafting, a method of grafting which the alburnum
and inner bark are separated, and between them is inserted the lower
end of the scion cut slantwise.
 -- Saddle grafting, a mode of grafting in which a deep cleft is made
in the end of the scion by two sloping cuts, and the end of the stock
is made wedge-shaped to fit the cleft in the scion, which is placed
upon it saddlewise.
 -- Side grafting, a mode of grafting in which the scion, cut quite
across very obliquely, so as to give it the form of a slender wedge,
is thrust down inside of the bark of the stock or stem into which it
is inserted, the cut side of the scion being next the wood of the
stock.
 -- Skin grafting. (Surg.) See Autoplasty.
 -- Splice grafting (Hort.), a method of grafting by cutting the ends
of the scion and stock completely across and obliquely, in such a
manner that the sections are of the same shape, then lapping the ends
so that the one cut surface exactly fits the other, and securing them
by tying or otherwise.
 -- Whip grafting, tongue grafting, the same as splice grafting,
except that a cleft or slit is made in the end of both scion and
stock, in the direction of the grain and in the middle of the sloping
surface, forming a kind of tongue, so that when put together, the
tongue of each is inserted in the slit of the other.
 -- Grafting scissors, a surgeon's scissors, used in rhinoplastic
operations, etc.
 -- Grafting tool. (a) Any tool used in grafting. (b) A very strong
curved spade used in digging canals.
 -- Grafting wax, a composition of rosin, beeswax tallow, etc., used
in binding up the wounds of newly grafted trees.

GRAHAM BREAD
Gra"ham bread". Etym: [From Sylvester Graham, a lecturer on
dietetics.]

Defn: Bread made of unbolted wheat flour. [U. S.] Bartlett.

GRAHAMITE
Gra"ham*ite, n. Etym: [See Graham bread.]

Defn: One who follows the dietetic system of Graham. [U. S.]

GRAIL
Grail, n. Etym: [OF. greel, LL. gradale. See Gradual, n.]

Defn: A book of offices in the Roman Catholic Church; a gradual.
[Obs.] T. Warton.
Such as antiphonals, missals, grails, processionals, etc. Strype.

GRAIL
Grail, n. Etym: [OF. graal, greal, greet, F. graal, gral, LL.
gradalis, gradale, prob. derived fr. L. crater bowl, mixing vessel,
Gr. krath`r. See Crater.]

Defn: A broad, open dish; a chalice; -- only used of the Holy Grail.

Note: The Holy Grail, according to some legends of the Middle Ages,
was the cup used by our Savior in dispensing the wine at the last
supper; and according to others, the platter on which the paschal
lamb was served at the last Passover observed by our Lord. This cup,
according to the legend, if appoached by any but a perfectly pure and
holy person, would be borne away and vanish from the sight. The quest
of the Holy Grail was to be undertaken only by a knight who was
perfectly chaste in thought, word, and act.

GRAIL
Grail, n. Etym: [F. grêle hail, from grÉs grit, OHG. griex, grioz, G.
gries, gravel, grit. See Grit.]

Defn: Small particles of earth; gravel. [Obs.]
Lying down upon the sandy grail. Spenser.

GRAIL
Grail, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. graite slender, F. grête.]

Defn: One of the small feathers of a hawk.

GRAILLE
Graille, n. Etym: [Cf. F. grêle a sort of file.]

Defn: A halfround single-cut file or fioat, having one curved face
and one straight face, -- used by comb makers. Knight.

GRAIN
Grain, v. & n.

Defn: See Groan. [Obs.]

GRAIN
Grain, n. Etym: [F. grain, L. granum, grain, seed, small kernel,
small particle. See Corn, and cf. Garner, n., Garnet, Gram the chick-
pea, Granule, Kernel.]

1. A single small hard seed; a kernel, especially of those plants,
like wheat, whose seeds are used for food.

2. The fruit of certain grasses which furnish the chief food of man,
as corn, wheat, rye, oats, etc., or the plants themselves; -- used
collectively.
Storehouses crammed with grain. Shak.

3. Any small, hard particle, as of sand, sugar, salt, etc.; hence,
any minute portion or particle; as, a grain of gunpowder, of pollen,
of starch, of sense, of wit, etc.
I . . . with a grain of manhood well resolved. Milton.

4. The unit of the English system of weights; -- so called because
considered equal to the average of grains taken from the middle of
the ears of wheat. 7,000 grains constitute the pound avoirdupois, and
5,760 grains the pound troy. A grain is equal to .0648 gram. See
Gram.

5. A reddish dye made from the coccus insect, or kermes; hence, a red
color of any tint or hue, as crimson, scarlet, etc.; sometimes used
by the poets as equivalent to Tyrian purple.
All in a robe of darkest grain. Milton.
Doing as the dyers do, who, having first dipped their silks in colors
of less value, then give' them the last tincture of crimson in grain.
Quoted by Coleridge, preface to Aids to Reflection.

6. The composite particles of any substance; that arrangement of the
particles of any body which determines its comparative roughness or
hardness; texture; as, marble, sugar, sandstone, etc., of fine grain.
Hard box, and linden of a softer grain. Dryden.

7. The direction, arrangement, or appearance of the fibers in wood,
or of the strata in stone, slate, etc.
Knots, by the conflux of meeting sap, Infect the sound pine and
divert his grain Tortive and errant from his course of growth. Shak.

8. The fiber which forms the substance of wood or of any fibrous
material.

9. The hair side of a piece of leather, or the marking on that side.
Knight.

10. pl.

Defn: The remains of grain, etc., after brewing or distillation;
hence, any residuum. Also called draff.

11. (Bot.)

Defn: A rounded prominence on the back of a sepal, as in the common
dock. See Grained, a., 4.

12. Temper; natural disposition; inclination. [Obs.]
Brothers . . . not united in grain. Hayward.

13. A sort of spice, the grain of paradise. [Obs.]
He cheweth grain and licorice, To smellen sweet. Chaucer.
Against the grain, against or across the direction of the fibers;
hence, against one's wishes or tastes; unwillingly; unpleasantly;
reluctantly; with difficulty. Swift.Saintsbury.-- A grain of
allowance, a slight indulgence or latitude a small allowance.
 -- Grain binder, an attachment to a harvester for binding the grain
into sheaves.
 -- Grain colors, dyes made from the coccus or kermes in sect.
 -- Grain leather. (a) Dressed horse hides. (b) Goat, seal, and other
skins blacked on the grain side for women's shoes, etc.
 -- Grain moth (Zoöl.), one of several small moths, of the family
Tineidæ (as Tinea granella and Butalis cereAlella), whose larvæ
devour grain in storehouses.
 -- Grain side (Leather), the side of a skin or hide from which the
hair has been removed; -- opposed to flesh side.
 -- Grains of paradise, the seeds of a species of amomum.
 -- grain tin, crystalline tin ore metallic tin smelted with
charcoal.
 -- Grain weevil (Zoöl.), a small red weevil (Sitophilus granarius),
which destroys stored wheat and othar grain, by eating out the
interior.
 -- Grain worm (Zoöl.), the larva of the grain moth. See grain moth,
above.
 -- In grain, of a fast color; deeply seated; fixed; innate; genuine.
"Anguish in grain." Herbert.-- To dye in grain, to dye of a fast
color by means of the coccus or kermes grain [see Grain, n., 5];
hence, to dye firmly; also, to dye in the wool, or in the raw
material. See under Dye.
The red roses flush up in her cheeks . . . Likce crimson dyed in
grain. Spenser.
-- To go against the grain of (a person), to be repugnant to; to vex,
irritate, mortify, or trouble.

GRAIN
Grain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grained; p. pr. & vb. n. Graining.]

1. To paint in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.

2. To form (powder, sugar, etc.) into grains.

3. To take the hair off (skins); to soften and raise the grain of
(leather, etc.).

GRAIN
Grain, v. i. Etym: [F. grainer, grener. See Grain, n.]

1. To yield fruit. [Obs.] Gower.

2. To form grains, or to assume a granular ferm, as the result of
crystallization; to granulate.

GRAIN
Grain, n. Etym: [See Groin a part of the body.]

1. A branch of a tree; a stalk or stem of a plant. [Obs.] G. Douglas.

2. A tine, prong, or fork. Specifically:
(a) One the branches of a valley or of a river. (b) pl.

Defn: An iron first speak or harpoon, having four or more barbed
points.

3. A blade of a sword, knife, etc.

4. (Founding)

Defn: A thin piece of metal, used in a mold to steady a core.

GRAINED
Grained, a.

1. Having a grain; divided into small particles or grains; showing
the grain; hence, rough.

2. Dyed in grain; ingrained.
Persons lightly dipped, not grained, in generous honesty, are but
pale in goodness. Sir T. Browne.

3. Painted or stained in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Having tubercles or grainlike processes, as the petals or
sepals of some flowers.

GRAINER
Grain"er, n.

1. An infusion of pigeon's dung used by tanners to neutralize the
effects of lime and give flexibility to skins; -- called also grains
and bate.

2. A knife for taking the hair off skins.

3. One who paints in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.;
also, the brush or tool used in graining.

GRAINFIELD
Grain"field`, n.

Defn: A field where grain is grown.

GRAINING
Grain"ing, n.

1. Indentation; roughening; milling, as on edges of coins. Locke.

2. A process in dressing leather, by which the skin is softened and
the grain raised.

3. Painting or staining, in imitation of the grain of wood, atone,
etc.

4. (Soap Making)

Defn: The process of separating soap from spent lye, as with salt.

GRAINING
Grain"ing, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European fresh-water fish (Leuciscus vulgaris); -
called also dobule, and dace.

GRAINS
Grains, n. pl.

1. See 5th Grain, n., 2 (b).

2. Pigeon's dung used in tanning. See Grainer. n., 1.

GRAINY
Grain"y, a.

Defn: Resembling grains; granular.

GRAIP
Graip, n. Etym: [Perh. akin to grope, gripe.]

Defn: A dungfork. [Scot.] Burns.

GRAITH
Graith, v. t. [Obs.]

Defn: See Greith. Chaucer.

GRAITH
Graith, n.

Defn: Furniture; apparatus or accouterments for work, traveling, war,
etc. [Scot.] Jamieson.

GRAKLE
Gra"kle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Grackle.

GRALLAE
Gral"læ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. grallae stilts, for gradulae, fr.
gradus. See Grade.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of birds which formerly included all the waders. By
later writers it is usually restricted to the sandpipers, plovers,
and allied forms; -- called also Grallatores.

GRALLATORES
Gral"la*to"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL. from L. grallator one who runs on
stilts.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Grallæ.

GRALLATORIAL; GRALLATORY
Gral`la*to"ri*al, Gral"la*to*ry, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Grallatores, or waders.

GRALLIC
Gral"lic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Grallæ.

GRALLINE
Gral"line (lin), a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Grallæ.

GRALLOCH
Gral"loch, n.

Defn: Offal of a deer.
 -- v. t.

Defn: To remove the offal from (a deer).

-GRAM
-gram. Etym: [Gr. a thing drawn or written, a letter, fr. gra`fein to
draw, write. See Graphic.]

Defn: A suffix indicating something drawn or written, a drawing,
writing; -- as, monogram, telegram, chronogram.

GRAM
Gram, a. Etym: [AS. gram; akin to E. grim. sq. root35.]

Defn: Angry. [Obs.] Havelok, the Dane.

GRAM
Gram, n. Etym: [Pg. gro grain. See Grain.] (Bot.)

Defn: The East Indian name of the chick-pea (Cicer arietinum) and its
seeds; also, other similar seeds there used for food.

GRAM; GRAMME
Gram, Gramme, n. Etym: [F. gramme, from Gr. that which is written, a
letter, a small weight, fr. to write. See Graphic.]

Defn: The unit of weight in the metric system. It was intended to be
exactly, and is very nearly, equivalent to the weight in a vacuum of
one cubic centimeter of pure water at its maximum density. It is
equal to 15.432 grains. See Grain, n., 4. Gram degree, or Gramme
degree (Physics), a unit of heat, being the amount of heat necessary
to raise the temperature of one gram of pure water one degree
centigrade.
 -- Gram equivalent (Electrolysis), that quantity of the metal which
will replace one gram of hydrogen.

GRAMA GRASS
Gra"ma grass`. Etym: [Sp. grama a sort of grass.] (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several kinds of pasture grasses found in the
Western United States, esp. the Bouteloua oligostachya.

GRAMARYE
Gram"a*rye, n. Etym: [OE. gramer, grameri, gramori, grammar, magic,
OF. gramaire, F. grammaire. See Grammar.]

Defn: Necromancy; magic. Sir W. Scott.

GRAMASHES
Gra*mash"es, n. pl. Etym: [See Gamashes.]

Defn: Gaiters reaching to the knee; leggings.
Strong gramashes, or leggings of thick gray cloth. Sir W. Scott.

GRAME
Grame, n. Etym: [See Gram, a.]

1. Anger; wrath; scorn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Sorrow; grief; misery. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GRAMERCY
Gra*mer"cy, interj. Etym: [F. grand-merci. See Grand, and Mercy.]

Defn: A word formerly used to express thankfulness, with surprise;
many thanks.
Gramercy, Mammon, said the gentle knight. Spenser.

GRAMINACEOUS
Gram"i*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. gramen, graminis, grass.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the grasses; gramineous; as,
graminaceous plants.

GRAMINEAL
Gra*min"e*al, a.

Defn: Gramineous.

GRAMINEOUS
Gra*min"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. gramineus, fr. gramen, graminis, grass.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Like, Or pertaining to, grass. See Grass, n., 2.

GRAMINIFOLIOUS
Gram"i*ni*fo"li*ous, a. Etym: [L. gramen, graminis, grass + folium
leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing leaves resembling those of grass.

GRAMINIVOROUS
Gram"i*niv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. gramen, graminis, grass + vorare to
eat greedily.]

Defn: Feeding or subsisting on grass, and the like food; -- said of
horses, cattle, and other animals.

GRAMMALOGUE
Gram"ma*logue, n. Etym: [Gr. gra`mma letter + lo`gos word. Cf.
Logogram.] (Phonography)

Defn: Literally, a letter word; a word represented by a logogram; as,
it, represented by |, that is, t. pitman.

GRAMMAR
Gram"mar, n. Etym: [OE. gramere, OF. gramaire, F. grammaire Prob. fr.
L. gramatica Gr Gramme, Graphic, and cf. Grammatical, Gramarye.]

1. The science which treats of the principles of language; the study
of forms of speech, and their relations to one another; the art
concerned with the right use aud application of the rules of a
language, in speaking or writing.

Note: The whole fabric of grammar rests upon the classifying of words
according to their function in the sentence. Bain.

2. The art of speaking or writing with correctness or according to
established usage; speech considered with regard to the rules of a
grammar.
The original bad grammar and bad spelling. Macaulay.

3. A treatise on the principles of language; a book containing the
principles and rules for correctness in speaking or writing.

4. treatise on the elements or principles of any science; as, a
grammar of geography. Comparative grammar, the science which
determines the relations of kindred languages by examining and
comparing their grammatical forms.
 -- Grammar school. (a) A school, usually endowed, in which Latin and
Greek grammar are taught, as also other studies preparatory to
colleges or universities; as, the famous Rugby Grammar School. This
use of the word is more common in England than in the United States.
When any town shall increase to the number of a hundred families or
householders, they shall set up a grammar school, the master thereof
being able to instruct youth so far as they may be fitted for the
University. Mass. Records (1647).
(b) In the American system of graded common schools an intermediate
grade between the primary school and the high school, in which the
principles of English grammar are taught.

GRAMMAR
Gram"mar, v. i.

Defn: To discourse according to the rules of grammar; to use grammar.
[Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

GRAMMARIAN
Gram*ma"ri*an, n. Etym: [Cf. F. grammairien.]

1. One versed in grammar, or the construction of languages; a
philologist.

Note: "The term was used by the classic ancients as a term of
honorable distinction for all who were considered learned in any art
or faculty whatever." Brande & C.

2. One who writes on, or teaches, grammar.

GRAMMARIANISM
Gram*ma"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The principles, practices, or peculiarities of grammarians.
[R.]

GRAMMARLESS
Gram"mar*less, a.

Defn: Without grammar.

GRAMMATES
Gram"mates, n. pl. Etym: [From Gr.

Defn: Rudiments; first principles, as of grammar. [Obs.] Ford.

GRAMMATIC
Gram*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Grammatical.

GRAMMATICAL
Gram*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. grammaticus, grammaticalis; Gr.
grammatical. See Grammar.]

1. Of or pertaining to grammar; of the nature of grammar; as, a
grammatical rule.

2. According to the rules of grammar; grammatically correct; as, the
sentence is not grammatical; the construction is not grammatical. --
Gram*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Gram*mat"ic*al*ness, n.

GRAMMATICASTER
Gram*mat"icas"ter, n. Etym: [LL.]

Defn: A petty grammarian; a grammatical pedant or pretender.
My noble Neophite, my little grammaticaster. B. Jonson.

GRAMMATICATION
Gram*mat"i*ca"tion, n.

Defn: A principle of grammar; a grammatical rule. [Obs.] Dalgarno.

GRAMMATICISM
Gram*mat"i*cism, n.

Defn: A point or principle of grammar. Abp. Leighton.

GRAMMATICIZE
Gram*mat"i*cize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grammaticized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Grammaticizing.]

Defn: To render grammatical. Fuller.

GRAMMATIST
Gram"ma*tist, n. Etym: [L. grammatista schoolmaster, Gr. grammatiste.
See Grammatical.]

Defn: A petty grammarian. [R] Tooke.

GRAMME
Gramme, n.

Defn: Same as Gram the weight.

GRAMME MACHINE
Gramme" ma*chine". (Elec.)

Defn: A kind of dynamo-electric machine; -- so named from its French
inventor, M. Gramme. Knight.

GRAMOPHONE
Gram"o*phone, n. [Gr.  a thing drawn or written (fr.  write) + -
phone, as in telephone.]

Defn: An instrument for recording, preserving, and reproducing
sounds, the record being a tracing of a phonautograph etched in some
solid material. Reproduction  is accomplished by means of a system
attached to an elastic diaphragm.

GRAMPUS
Gram"pus, n.; pl. Grampuses. Etym: [Probably corrupted from It. gran
pesce great fish, or Sp. gran pez, or Pg. gran peixe, all fr. L.
grandis piscis. See Grand, and Fish. the animal.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A toothed delphinoid cetacean, of the genus Grampus, esp. G.
griseus of Europe and America, which is valued for its oil. It grows
to be fifteen to twenty feet long; its color is gray with white
streaks. Called also cowfish. The California grampus is G. Stearnsii.

2. A kind of tongs used in a bloomery. [U.S.]

GRANADE; GRANADO
Gra*nade", Gra*na"do, n.

Defn: See Grenade.

GRANADILLA
Grana*dil"la, n. Etym: [Sp., dim. of granada pomegranate. See
Grenade, Garnet.] (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of certain species of passion flower (esp. Passiflora
quadrangularis) found in Brazil and the West Indies. It is as large
as a child's head, and is a good dessert fruit. The fruit of
Passiflora edulis is used for flavoring ices.

GRANARY
Gran"a*ry, n.; pl. Granaries. Etym: [L. granarium, fr. granum grain.
See Garner.]

Defn: A storehouse or repository for grain, esp. after it is thrashed
or husked; a cornbouse; also (Fig.), a region fertile in grain.
The exhaustless granary of a world. Thomson.

GRANATE
Gran"ate, n.

Defn: See Garnet.

GRANATIN
Gra*na"tin, n. Etym: [L. granatum the pomegranate.] (Chem.)

Defn: Mannite; -- so called because found in the pomegranate.

GRANATITE
Gran"a*tite, n.

Defn: See Staurolite.

GRAND
Grand, a. [Compar. Grander; superl. Grandest.] Etym: [OE. grant,
grount, OF. grant, F. grand, fr. L. grandis; perh. akin to gravis
heavy, E. grave, a. Cf. Grandee.]

1. Of large size or extent; great; extensive; hence, relatively
great; greatest; chief; principal; as, a grand mountain; a grand
army; a grand mistake. "Our grand foe, Satan." Milton.
Making so bold . . . to unseal Their grand commission. Shak.

2. Great in size, and fine or imposing in appearance or impression;
illustrious, dignifled, or noble (said of persons); majestic,
splendid, magnificent, or sublime (said of things); as, a grand
monarch; a grand lord; a grand general; a grand view; a grand
conception.
They are the highest models of expression, the unapproached masters
of the grand style. M. Arnold.

3. Having higher rank or more dignity, size, or importance than other
persons or things of the same name; as, a grand lodge; a grand
vizier; a grand piano, etc.

4. Standing in the second or some more remote degree of parentage or
descent; -- generalIy used in composition; as, grandfather, grandson,
grandchild, etc.
What cause Mov'd our grand parents, in that happy state, Favor'd of
Heaven so highly, to fall off From their Creator. Milton.
Grand action, a pianoforte action, used in grand pianos, in which
special devices are employed to obtain perfect action of the hammer
in striking and leaving the string.
 -- Grand Army of the Republic, an organized voluntary association of
men who served in the Union army or navy during the civil war in the
United States. The order has chapters, called Posts, throughout the
country.
 -- Grand cross. (a) The highest rank of knighthood in the Order of
the Bath. (b) A knight grand cross.
 -- Grand cordon, the cordon or broad ribbon, identified with the
highest grade in certain honorary orders; hence, a person who holds
that grade.
 -- Grand days (Eng. Law), certain days in the terms which are
observed as holidays in the inns of court and chancery (Candlemas,
Ascension, St. John Baptist's, and All Saints' Days); called also
Dies non juridici.
 -- Grand duchess. (a) The wife or widow of a grand duke. (b) A lady
having the sovereignty of a duchy in her own right. (c) In Russia, a
daughter of the Czar.
 -- Grand duke. (a) A sovereign duke, inferior in rank to a king; as,
the Grand Duke of Tuscany. (b) In Russia, a son of the Czar. (c)
(Zoöl.) The European great horned owl or eagle owl (Bubo maximas).
 -- Grand-guard, or Grandegarde, a piece of plate armor used in
tournaments as an extra protection for the left shoulder and breast.
 -- Grand juror, a member of a grand jury.
 -- Grand jury (Law), a jury of not less than twelve men, and not
more than twenty-three, whose duty it is, in private session, to
examine into accusations against persons charged with crime, and if
they see just cause, then to find bills of indictment against them,
to be presented to the court; -- called also grand inquest.
 -- Grand juryman, a grand juror.
 -- Grand larceny. (Law) See under Larceny.
 -- Grand lodge, the chief lodge, or governing body, among Freemasons
and other secret orders.
 -- Grand master. (a) The head of one of the military orders of
knighthood, as the Templars, Hospitallers, etc. (b) The head of the
order of Freemasons or of Good Templars, etc.
 -- Grand paunch, a glutton or gourmand. [Obs.] Holland.
 -- Grand pensionary. See under Pensionary.
 -- Grand piano (Mus.), a large piano, usually harp-shaped, in which
the wires or strings are generally triplicated, increasing the power,
and all the mechanism is introduced in the most effective manner,
regardless of the size of the instrument.
 -- Grand relief (Sculp.), alto relievo.
 -- Grand Seignior. See under Seignior.
 -- Grand stand, the principal stand, or erection for spectators, at
a, race course, etc.
 -- Grand vicar (Eccl.), a principal vicar; an ecclesiastical
delegate in France.
 -- Grand vizier. See under Vizier.

Syn.
 -- Magnificent; sublime; majestic; dignified; elevated; stately;
august; pompous; lofty; eralted; noble.
 -- Grand, Magnificent, Sublime. Grand, in reference to objects of
taste, is applied to that which expands the mind by a sense of
vastness and majesty; magnificent is applied to anything which is
imposing from its splendor; sublime describes that which is awful and
elevating. A cataract is grand; a rich and varied landscape is
magnificent; an overhanging precipice is sublime. "Grandeur admits of
degrees and modifications; but magnificence is that which has already
reached the highest degree of superiority naturally belonging to the
object in question." Crabb.

GRANDAM
Gran"dam, n. Etym: [F. grande, fem. of grand + dame. See Grand, and
Dame.]

Defn: An old woman; specifically, a grandmother. Shak.

GRANDAUNT
Grand"aunt", n. Etym: [Cf. F. grand'tante.]

Defn: The aunt of one's father or mother.

GRANDCHILD
Grand"child", n.

Defn: A son's or daughter's child; a child in the second degree of
descent.

GRANDDAUGHTER
Grand"daugh"ter, n.

Defn: The daughter of one's son or daughter.

GRAND-DUCAL
Grand"-du"cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a grand duke. H. James.

GRANDEE
Gran*dee", n. Etym: [Sp. grande. See Grand.]

Defn: A man of elevated rank or station; a nobleman. In Spain, a
nobleman of the first rank, who may be covered in the king's
presence.

GRANDEESHIP
Gran*dee"ship, n.

Defn: The rank or estate of a grandee; lordship. H. Swinburne.

GRANDEUR
Gran"deur, n. Etym: [F., fr. grand. See Grand.]

Defn: The state or quality of being grand; vastness; greatness;
splendor; magnificence; stateliness; sublimity; dignity; elevation of
thought or expression; nobility of action.
Nor doth this grandeur and majestic show Of luxury . . . allure mine
eye. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Sublimity; majesty; stateliness; augustness; loftiness. See
Sublimity.

GRANDEVITY
Gran*dev"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. grandaevitas.]

Defn: Great age; long life. [Obs.] Glanvill.

GRANDEVOUS
Gran*de"vous, a. Etym: [L. grandaevus; grandig grand+ aevum lifetime,
age.]

Defn: Of great age; aged; longlived. [R.] Bailey.

GRANDFATHER
Grand"fa"ther, n.

Defn: A father's or mother's father; an ancestor in the next degree
above the father or mother in lineal ascent. Grandfather longlegs.
(Zoöl.) See Dady longlegs.

GRANDFATHERLY
Grand"fa"ther*ly, a.

Defn: Like a grandfather in age or manner; kind; benignant;
indulgent.
He was a grandfatherly sort of personage. Hawthorne.

GRANDIFIC
Gran*dif"ic, a. Etym: [L. grandificus; grandis grand + facere to
make.]

Defn: Making great. [R.] Bailey.

GRANDILOQUENCE
Gran*dil"o*quence, n.

Defn: The use of lofty words or phrases; bombast; -- usually in a bad
sense.
The sin of grandiloquence or tall talking. Thackeray,

GRANDILOQUENT
Gran*dil"o*quent, a. Etym: [L. grandis grand + logui to speak.]

Defn: Speaking in a lofty style; pompous; bombastic.

GRANDILOQUOUS
Gran*dil"o*quous, a. Etym: [L. grandiloquus; grandis grand + loqui to
apeak.]

Defn: Grandiloquent.

GRANDINOUS
Gran"di*nous, a. Etym: [L. grandinosus, fr. qrando, grandinis, hail.]

Defn: Consisting of hail; abounding in hail. [R.] Bailey.

GRANDIOSE
Gran"di*ose", a. Etym: [F. grandiose, It. grandioso. See Grand.]

1. Impressive or elevating in effect; vimposing; splendid; striking;
-- in a good sense.
The tone of the parts was to be perpetually kept down in order not to
impair the grandiose effect of the whole. M. Arnold.
The grandiose red tulips which grow wild. C. Kingsley.

2. Characterized by affectation of grandeur or splendor; flaunting;
turgid; bombastic; -- in a bad sense; as, a grandiose style.

GRANDIOSITY
Gran"di*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. grandiosité, It. grandiosità.]

Defn: The state or quality of being grandiose,

GRANDITY
Grand"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. granditas: cf. OF. granité. See Grand.]

Defn: Grandness. [Obs.] Camden.

GRANDLY
Grand"ly, adv.

Defn: In a grand manner.

GRANDMA; GRANDMAMMA
Grand"ma", Grand"mam*ma", n.

Defn: A grand mother.

GRAND MERCY
Grand" mer"cy.

Defn: See Gramercy. [Obs.]

GRANDMOTHER
Grand"moth"er, n.

Defn: The mother of one's father or mother.

GRANDMOTHERLY
Grand"moth"er*ly, a.

Defn: Like a grandmother in age or manner; kind; indulgent.

GRANDNEPHEW
Grand"neph"ew, n.

Defn: The grandson of one's brother or sister.

GRANDNESS
Grand"ness, n.

Defn: Grandeur. Wollaston.

GRANDNIECE
Grand"niece", n.

Defn: The granddaughter of one's brother or sister.

GRANDPA; GRANDPAPA
Grand"pa", Grand"pa*pa", n.

Defn: A grandfather.

GRANDSIRE
Grand"sire", n. Etym: [OF. grantsire. See Grand, and Sire.]

Defn: Specifically, a grandfather; more generally, any ancestor.

GRANDSON
Grand"son", n.

Defn: A son's or daughter's son.

GRANDUNCLE
Grand"un"cle, n. Etym: [Cf. F. grand-oncle.]

Defn: father's or mother's uncle.

GRANE
Grane, v. & n.

Defn: See Groan. [Obs.]

GRANGE
Grange, n. Etym: [F. grange barn, LL. granea, from L. granum grain.
See Grain a kernel.]

1. A building for storing grain; a granary. [Obs.] Milton.

2. A farmhouse, with the barns and other buildings for farming
purposes.
And eke an officer out for to ride, To see her granges and her bernes
wide. Chaucer.
Nor burnt the grange, nor bussed the milking maid. Tennyson.

3. A farmhouse of a monastery, where the rents and tithes, paid in
grain, were deposited. [Obs.]

4. A farm; generally, a farm with a house at a distance from
neighbors.

5. An association of farmers, designed to further their interests,
aud particularly to bring producers and consumers, farmers and
manufacturers, into direct commercial relations, without intervention
of middlemen or traders. The first grange was organized in 1867. [U.
S.]

GRANGER
Gran"ger, n.

1. A farm steward. [Obs.]

2. A member of a grange. [U. S.]

GRANGERISM
Gran"ger*ism, n. Etym: [So called from the Rev. James Granger, whose
"Biographical History of England" (1769) was a favorite book for
illustration in this manner.]

Defn: The practice of illustrating a particular book by engravings
collected from other books.

GRANGERITE
Gran"ger*ite, n.

Defn: One who collects illustrations from various books for the
decoration of one book.

GRANGERIZE
Gran"ger*ize, v. t. & i.

Defn: To collect (illustrations from books) for decoration of other
books. G. A. Sala.

GRANGER RAILROADS; GRANGER ROADS
Gran"ger railroads, or Granger roads. (Finance)

Defn: Certain railroads whose traffic largely consists in carrying
the produce of farmers or grangers; -- specifically applied to the
Chicago & Alton; Chicago, Burlington & Quincey; Chicago, Rock Island
& Pacific; Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul; and Chicago & Northwestern,
railroads. [U. S.].

GRANGER STOCKS; GRANGER SHARES
Granger stocks or shares.

Defn: Stocks or shares of the granger railroads.

GRANIFEROUS
Gra*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. qranifer; granum grain + ferre to bear:
cf. F. granifère.]

Defn: Bearing grain, or seeds like grain. Humble.

GRANIFORM
Gran"i*form, a. Etym: [L. granum grain + -form; cf. F. graniforme.]

Defn: Formed like of corn.

GRANILLA
Gra*nil"la, n. Etym: [Sp., small seed.]

Defn: Small grains or dust of cochineal or the coccus insect.

GRANITE
Gran"ite, n. Etym: [It. granito granite, adj., grainy, p. p. of
granire to make grainy, fr. L. granum grain; cf. F. granit. See
Grain.] (Geol.)

Defn: A crystalline, granular rock, consisting of quartz, feldspar,
and mica, and usually of a whitish, grayish, or flesh-red color. It
differs from gneiss in not having the mica in planes, and therefor in
being destitute of a schistose structure.

Note: Varieties containing hornblende are common. See also the Note
under Mica. Gneissoid granite, granite in which the mica has traces
of a regular arrangement.
 -- Graphic granite, granite consisting of quartz and feldspar
without mica, and having the quartz crystals so arranged in the
transverse section like oriental characters.
 -- Porphyritic granite, granite containing feldspar in distinct
crystals.
 -- Hornblende granite, or Syenitic granite, granite containing
hornblende as well as mica, or, according to some authorities
hornblende replacing the mica.
 -- Granite ware. (a) A kind of stoneware. (b) A Kind of ironware,
coated with an enamel resembling granite.

GRANITE STATE
Gran"ite State.

Defn: New Hampshire; -- a nickname alluding to its mountains, which
are chiefly of granite.

GRANITE STATE
Gran"ite State.

Defn: New Hampshire; -- a nickname alluding to its mountains, which
are chiefly of granite.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]

GRANITIC
Gra*nit"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. granitique.]

1. Like granite in composition, color, etc.; having the nature of
granite; as, granitic texture.

2. Consisting of granite; as, granitic mountains.

GRANITICAL
Gra*nit"ic*al, a.

Defn: Granitic.

GRANITIFICATION
Gra*nit`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Granite + L. -ficare (in comp.) to
make. See -fy.]

Defn: The act or the process of forming into granite. Humble.

GRANITIFORM
Gra*nit"i*form, a. Etym: [Granite + -form.] (Geol.)

Defn: Resembling granite in structure or shape.

GRANITOID
Gran"i*toid, a. Etym: [Granite + -oid: cf. F. granitoïde.]

Defn: Resembling granite in granular appearance; as, granitoid
gneiss; a granitoid pavement.

GRANIVOROUS
Gra*niv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. granum grain + vorare to devour: cf. F.
granivore.]

Defn: Eating grain; feeding or subsisting on seeds; as, granivorous
birds. Gay.

GRANNAM
Gran"nam, n.

Defn: A grandam. [Colloq.]

GRANNY
Gran"ny, n.

Defn: A grandmother; a grandam; familiarly, an old woman. Granny's
bend, or Granny's knot (Naut.), a kind of insecure knot or hitch; a
reef knot crossed the wrong way.

GRANOLITHIC
Gran`o*lith"ic, n. Etym: [L. granum a grain (or E. granite) + -lith +
-ic.]

Defn: A kind of hard artificial stone, used for pavements.

GRANT
Grant, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Granted; p. pr. & vb. n. Granting.] Etym:
[OE. graunten, granten, OF. graanter, craanter, creanter, to promise,
yield, LL. creantare to promise, assure, for (assumed LL.) credentare
to make believe, fr. L. credens, p. pr. of credere to believe. See
Creed, Credit.]

1. To give over; to make conveyance of; to give the possession or
title of; to convey; -- usually in answer to petition.
Grant me the place of this threshing floor. 1 Chrcn. xxi. 22.

2. To bestow or confer, with or without compensation, particularly in
answer to prayer or request; to give.
Wherefore did God grant me my request. Milton.

3. To admit as true what is not yet satisfactorily proved; to yield
belief to; to allow; to yield; to concede.
Grant that the Fates have firmed by their decree. Dryden.

Syn.-- To give; confer; bestow; convey; transfer; admit; allow;
concede. See Give.

GRANT
Grant, v. i.

Defn: To assent; to consent. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GRANT
Grant, n. Etym: [OE. grant, graunt, OF. graant, creant, promise,
assurance. See Grant, v. t.]

1. The act of granting; a bestowing or conferring; concession;
allowance; permission.

2. The yielding or admission of something in dispute.

3. The thing or property granted; a gift; a boon.

4. (Law)

Defn: A transfer of property by deed or writing; especially, au
appropriation or conveyance made by the government; as, a grant of
land or of money; also, the deed or writing by which the transfer is
made.

Note: Formerly, in English law, the term was specifically applied to
transfrrs of incorporeal hereditaments, expectant estates, and
letters patent from government and such is its present application in
some of the United States. But now, in England the usual mode of
transferring realty is by grant; and so, in some of the United
States, the term grant is applied to conveyances of every kind of
real property. Bouvier. Burrill.

GRANTABLE
Grant"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being granted.

GRANTEE
Gran*tee", n. (Law)

Defn: The person to whom a grant or conveyance is made.
His grace will not survive the poor grantee he despises. Burke.

GRANTER
Grant"er, n.

Defn: One who grants.

GRANTOR
Grant"or, n. (Law)

Defn: The person by whom a grant or conveyance is made.

GRANULAR
Gran"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. granulaire. See Granule.]

Defn: Consisting of, or resembling, grains; as, a granular substance.
Granular limestone, crystalline limestone, or marble, having a
granular structure.

GRANULARLY
Gran"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a granular form.

GRANULARY
Gran"u*la*ry, a.

Defn: Granular.

GRANULATE
Gran"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Granulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Granulating.] Etym: [See Granule.]

1. To form into grains or small masses; as, to granulate powder,
sugar, or metal.

2. To raise in granules or small asperities; to make rough on the
surface.

GRANULATE
Gran"u*late, v. i.

Defn: To collect or be formed into grains; as, cane juice granulates
into sugar.

GRANULATE; GRANULATED
Gran"u*late, Gran"u*la`ted, a.

1. Consisting of, or resembling, grains; crystallized in grains;
granular; as, granulated sugar.

2. Having numerous small elevations, as shagreen. Granulated steel, a
variety of steel made by a particular process beginning with the
granulation of pig iron.

GRANULATION
Gran`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. granulation.]

1. The act or process of forming or crystallizing into grains; as,
the granulation of powder and sugar.

2. The state of being granulated.

3. (Med.)
(a) One of the small, red, grainlike prominences which form on a raw
surface (that of wounds or ulcers), and are the efficient agents in
the process of healing.
(b) The act or process of the formation of such prominences.

GRANULE
Gran"ule, n. Etym: [L. granulum, dim. of granum grain: cf. F.
granule. See Grain a kernel.]

Defn: A little grain a small particle; a pellet.

GRANULIFEROUS
Gran`u*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Granule + -ferous.]

Defn: Full of granulations.

GRANULIFORM
Gra*nu"li*form, a. Etym: [Granule + -form.] (Min.)

Defn: Having a granular structure; granular; as, granuliform
limestone.

GRANULITE
Gran"u*lite, n. Etym: [From Granule.] (Geol.)

Defn: A whitish, granular rock, consisting of feldspar and quartz
intimately mixed; -- sometimes called whitestone, and leptynite.

GRANULOSE
Gran"u*lose`, n. Etym: [From Granule.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The main constituent of the starch grain or granule, in
distinction from the framework of cellulose. Unlike cellulose, it is
colored blue by iodine, and is converted into dextrin and sugar by
boiling acids and amylolytic ferments.

GRANULOUS
Gran"u*lous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. granuleux.]

Defn: Full of grains; abounding with granular substances; granular.

GRAPE
Grape, n. Etym: [OF. grape, crape, bunch or cluster of grapes, F.
grappe, akin to F. grappin grapnel, hook; fr. OHG. chrapfo hook, G.
krapfen, akin to E. cramp. The sense seems to have come from the idea
of clutching. Cf. Agraffe, Cramp, Grapnel, Grapple.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A well-known edible berry growing in pendent clusters or
bunches on the grapevine. The berries are smooth-skinned, have a
juicy pulp, and are cultivated in great quantities for table use and
for making wine and raisins.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The plant which bears this fruit; the grapevine.

3. (Man.)

Defn: A mangy tumor on the leg of a horse.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: Grapeshot. Grape borer. (Zoöl.) See Vine borer.
 -- Grape curculio (Zoöl.), a minute black weevil (Craponius
inæqualis) which in the larval state eats the interior of grapes.
 -- Grape flower, or Grape hyacinth (Bot.), a liliaceous plant
(Muscari racemosum) with small blue globular flowers in a dense
raceme.
 -- Grape fungus (Bot.), a fungus (Oidium Tuckeri) on grapevines;
vine mildew.
 -- Grape hopper (Zoöl.), a Small yellow and red hemipterous insect,
often very injurious to the leaves of the grapevine.
 -- Grape moth (Zoöl.), a small moth (Eudemis botrana), which in the
larval state eats the interior of grapes, and often binds them
together with silk.
 -- Grape of a cannon, the cascabel or knob at the breech.
 -- Grape sugar. See Glucose.
 -- Grape worm (Zoöl.), the larva of the grape moth.
 -- Soar grapes, things which persons affect to despise because they
can not possess them; -- in allusion to

GRAPE FRUIT
Grape" fruit`.

Defn: The shaddock.

GRAPELESS
Grape"less, a.

Defn: Wanting grapes or the flavor of grapes.

GRAPERY
Grap"er*y, n.

Defn: A building or inclosure used for the cultivation of grapes.

GRAPESHOT
Grape"shot`, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A cluster, usually nine in number, of small iron balls, put
together by means of cast-iron circular plates at top and bottom,
with two rings, and a central connecting rod, in order to be used as
a charge for a cannon. Formerly grapeshot were inclosed in canvas
bags.

GRAPESTONE
Grape"stone`, n.

Defn: A seed of the grape.

GRAPEVINE
Grape"vine`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A vine or climbing shrub, of the genus Vitis, having small
green flowers and lobed leaves, and bearing the fruit called grapes.

Note: The common grapevine of the Old World is Vitis vinifera, and is
a native of Central Asia. Another variety is that yielding small
seedless grapes commonly called Zante currants. The northern Fox
grape of the United States is the V. Labrusca, from which, by
cultivation, has come the Isabella variety. The southern Fox grape,
or Muscadine, is the V. vulpina. The Frost grape is V. cordifolia,
which has very fragrant flowers, and ripens after the early frosts.

-GRAPH
-graph ( Etym: [From Gr. gra`fein to write. See Graphic.]

Defn: A suffix signifying something written, a writing; also, a
writer; as autograph, crystograph, telegraph, photograph.

GRAPHIC; GRAPHICAL
Graph"ic, Graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. graphicus, Gr. graphique. See
Graft.]

1. Of or pertaining to the arts of painting and drawing.

2. Of or pertaining to the art of writing.

3. Written or engraved; formed of letters or lines.
The finger of God hath left an inscription upon all his works, not
graphical, or composed of letters. Sir T. Browne.

4. Well delineated; clearly and vividly described.

5. Having the faculty of, or characterized by, clear and impressive
description; vivid; as, a gruphic writer. Graphic algebra, a branch
of algebra in which, the properties of equations are treated by the
use of curves and straight lines.
 -- Graphic arts, a name given to those fine arts which pertain to
the representation on a fiat surface of natural objects; as
distinguished from music, etc., and also from sculpture.
 -- Graphic formula. (Chem.) See under Formula.
 -- Graphic granite. See under Granite.
 -- Graphic method, the method of scientific analysis or
investigation, in which the relations or laws involved in tabular
numbers are represented to the eye by means of curves or other
figures; as the daily changes of weather by means of curves, the
abscissas of which represent the hours of the day, and the ordinates
the corresponding degrees of temperature.
 -- Graphical statics (Math.), a branch of statics, in which the
magnitude, direction, and position of forces are represented by
straight lines -- Graphic tellurium. See Sylvanite.

GRAPHICALLY
Graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a graphic manner; vividly.

GRAPHICNESS; GRAPHICALNESS
Graph"ic*ness, Graph"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being graphic.

GRAPHICS
Graph"ics, n.

Defn: The art or the science of drawing; esp. of drawing according to
mathematical rules, as in perspective, projection, and the like.

GRAPHISCOPE
Graph"i*scope, n.

Defn: See Graphoscope.

GRAPHITE
Graph"ite, n. Etym: [Gr. graphite. See Graphic.] (Min.)

Defn: Native carbon in hexagonal crystals, also foliated or granular
massive, of black color and metallic luster, and so soft as to leave
a trace on paper. It is used for pencils (improperly called lead
pencils), for crucibles, and as a lubricator, etc. Often called
plumbago or black lead. Graphite battery (Elec.), a voltaic battery
consisting of zinc and carbon in sulphuric acid, or other exciting
liquid.

GRAPHITIC
Gra*phit"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, containing, derived from, or resembling,
graphite. Graphitic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, so called because
obtained by the oxidation of graphite; -- usually called mellitic
acid.
 -- Graphitic carbon, in iron or steel, that portion of the carbon
which is present as graphite. Raymond.

GRAPHITOID; GRAPHITOIDAL
Graph"i*toid, Graph"i*toid"al, a.

Defn: Resembling graphite or plumbago.

GRAPHOLITE
Graph"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. grapholithe.]

Defn: Any species of slate suitable to be written on.

GRAPHOLOGY
Gra*phol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. graphologie.]

Defn: The art of judging of a person's character, disposition, and
aptitude from his handwriting.

GRAPHOPHONE
Graph"o*phone, n. [Gr.  to write + -phone, as in telephone.]

Defn: A kind of photograph.

GRAPHOSCOPE
Graph"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: An optical instrument for magnifying engravings, photographs,
etc., usually having one large lens and two smaller ones.

GRAPHOTYPE
Graph"o*type, n. Etym: [Gr. -type.] (Engraving)

Defn: A process for producing a design upon a surface in relief so
that it can be printed from. Prepared chalk or oxide of zinc is
pressed upon a smooth plate by a hydraulic press, and the design is
drawn upon this in a peculiar ink which hardens the surface wherever
it is applied. The surface is then carefully rubbed or brushed,
leaving the lines in relief.

-GRAPHY
-gra*phy. Etym: [Gr. Graphic.]

Defn: A suffix denoting the art of writing or describing; also, the
writing or description itself; a treatise; as, calligraphy,
biography, geography.

GRAPNEL
Grap"nel, n. Etym: [OE. grapenel, dim. fr. F. grappin the grapple of
a ship; of German origin. See Grape.] (Naut.)

Defn: A small anchor, with four or five flukes or claws, used to hold
boats or small vessels; hence, any instrument designed to grapple or
hold; a grappling iron; a grab; -- written also grapline, and
crapnel.

GRAPPLE
Grap"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grappled; p. pr. & vb. n. Grappling.]
Etym: [F. grappiller, OF. graypil the grapple of a ship, fr. graper
to pluck, prop., to seize, clutch; of German origin. See Grape.]

1. To seize; to lay fast hold of; to attack at close quarters: as, to
grapple an antagonist.

2. To fasten, as with a grapple; to fix; to join indissolubly.
The gallies were grappled to the Centurion. Hakluyt.
Grapple them to thy soul with hoops of steel. Shak.

GRAPPLE
Grap"ple, v. i.

Defn: To use a grapple; to contend in close fight; to attach one's
self as if by a grapple, as in wrestling; to close; to seize one
another. To grapple with, to enter into contest with, resolutely and
courageously.
And in my standard bear the arms of York, To grapple with the house
of Lancaster. Shak.

GRAPPLE
Grap"ple, n. Etym: [See Grapple, v. t., and cf. Crapple.]

1. A seizing or seizure; close hug in contest; the wrestler's hold.
Milton.

2.
(a) An instrument, usually with hinged claws, for seizing and holding
fast to an object; a grab. (b) (Naut.)

Defn: A grappling iron.
The iron hooks and grapples keen. Spenser.
Grapple plant (Bot.), a South African herb (Herpagophytum
leptocarpum) having the woody fruits armed with long hooked or barbed
thorns by which they adhere to cattle, causing intense annoyance.
 -- Grapple shot (Life-saving Service), a projectile, to which are
attached hinged claws to catch in a ship's rigging or to hold in the
ground; -- called also anchor shot.

GRAPPLEMENT
Grapple*ment, n.

Defn: A grappling; close fight or embrace. [Obs.] Spenser.

GRAPPLING
Grap"pling, n.

1. A laying fast ho1d of; also, that by which anything is seized and
held, a grapnel.

2. A grapple; a struggle. A match for yards in fight, in grappling
for the bear. Dryden. Grappling iron, a hooked iron used for
grappling and holding fast a vessel or other object.
 -- Grappling tongs, broad-mouthed tongs for gathering oysters.

GRAPSOID
Grap"soid, a. Etym: [NL. Grapsus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the genus Grapsus or the family Grapsidæ.
 -- n.

Defn: A grapsoid crab.

GRAPTOLITE
Grap"to*lite, n. Etym: [NL, Graptolithus, from Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: One of numerous species of slender and delicate fossils, of the
genus Graptolites and allied genera, found in the Silurian rocks.
They belong to an extinct group (Graptolithina) supposed to be
hydroids.

GRAPTOLITIC
Grap"to*lit`ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to graptolites; containing graptolites; as, a
graptolitic slate.

GRAPY
Grap"y, a.

Defn: Composed of, or resembling, grapes.
The grapy clusters. Addison.

GRASP
Grasp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grasper; p. pr. & vb. n. Qraspine.] Etym:
[OE. graspen; prob. akin to LG. grupsen, or to E. grope. Cf. Grab,
Grope.]

1. To seize and hold by clasping or embracing with the fingers or
arms; to catch to take possession of.
Thy hand is made to grasp a palmer's staff. Shak.

2. To lay hold of with the mind; to become thoroughly acquainted or
conversant with; to comprehend.

GRASP
Grasp, v. i.

Defn: To effect a grasp; to make the motion of grasping; to clutch;
to struggle; to strive.
As one that grasped And tugged for life and was by strength subdued.
Shak.
To grasp at, to catch at; to try to seize; as, Alexander grasped at
universal empire,

GRASP
Grasp, n.

1. A gripe or seizure of the hand; a seizure by embrace, or infolding
in the arms. "The grasps of love." Shak.

2. Reach of the arms; hence, the power of seizing and holding; as, it
was beyond his grasp.

3. Forcible possession; hold.
The whole space that's in the tyrant's grasp. Shak.

4. Wide-reaching power of intellect to comprehend subjects and hold
them under survey.
The foremost minds of the next . . . era were not, in power of grasp,
equal to their predecessors. Z. Taylor.

5. The handle of a sword or of an oar.

GRASPABLE
Grasp"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being grasped.

GRASPER
Grasp"er, n.

Defn: One who grasps or seizes; one who catches or holds.

GRASPING
Grasp"ing, a.

1. Seizing; embracing; catching.

2. Avaricious; greedy of gain; covetous; close; miserly; as, he is a
grasping man.
 -- Grasp"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Grasp"ing*ness, n.

GRASPLESS
Grasp"less, a.

Defn: Without a grasp; relaxed.
From my graspless hand Drop friendship's precious pearls. Coleridge.

GRASS
Grass, n. Etym: [OE. gras, gres, gers, AS, qr, g; akin to OFries.
gres, gers, OS., D., G., Icel., & Goth. gras, Dan. gr, Sw. gr, and
prob. to Z. grcen, grow. Cf. Graze.]

1. Popularly: Herbage; the plants which constitute the food of cattle
and other beasts; pasture.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: An endogenous plant having simple leaves, a stem generally
jointed and tubular, the husks or glumes in pairs, and the seed
single.

Note: This definition includes wheat, rye, oats, barley, etc., and
excludes clover and some other plants which are commonly called by
the name of grass. The grasses form a numerous family of plants.

3. The season of fresh grass; spring. [Colloq.]
Two years old next grass. Lathsm.

4. Metaphorically used for what is transitory.
Surely the people is grass. Is. xl. 7.

Note: The following list includes most of the grasses of the United
States of special interest, except cereals. Many of these terms will
be found with definitions in the Vocabulary. See Illustrations in
Appendix. Barnyard grass, for hay. South. Panicum Grus-galli. Bent,
pasture and hay. Agrostis, several species. Bermuda grass, pasture.
South. Cynodon Dactylon. Black bent. Same as Switch grass (below).
Blue bent, hay. North and West. Andropogon provincialis. Blue grass,
pasture. Poa compressa. Blue joint, hay. Northwest. Aqropyrum
glaucum. Buffalo grass, grazing. Rocky Mts., etc. (a) Buchloë
dectyloides. (b) Same as Grama grass (below). Bunch grass, grazing.
Far West. Eriocoma, Festuca, Stips, etc. Chess, or Cheat, a weed.
Bromus secalinus, etc. Couch grass. Same as Quick grass (below). Crab
grass, (a) Hay, in South. A weed, in North. Panicum sanguinale. (b)
Pasture and hay. South. Eleusine Indica. Darnel (a) Bearded, a
noxious weed. Lolium temulentum. (b) Common. Same as Rye grass
(below). Drop seed, fair for forage and hay. Muhlenbergia, several
species. English grass. Same as Redtop (below). Fowl meadow grass.
(a) Pasture and hay. Poa serotina. (b) Hay, on moist land. Gryceria
nervata. Gama grass, cut fodder. South. Tripsacum dactyloides. Grama
grass, grazing. West and Pacific slope. Bouteloua oligostachya, etc.
Great bunch grass, pasture and hay. Far West. Festuca scabrella.
Guinea grass, hay. South. Panicum jumentorum. Herd's grass, in New
England Timothy, in Pennsylvania and South Redtop. Indian grass. Same
as Wood grass (below). Italian rye grass, forage and hay. Lolium
Italicum. Johnson grass, grazing aud hay. South and Southwest.
Sorghum Halepense. Kentucky blue grass, pasture. Poa pratensis. Lyme
grass, coarse hay. South. Elymus, several species. Manna grass,
pasture and hay. Glyceria, several species. Meadow fescue, pasture
and hay. Festuca elatior. Meadow foxtail, pasture, hay, lawn. North.
Alopecurus pratensis. Meadow grass, pasture, hay, lawn. Poa, several
species. Mesquite, or Muskit grass. Same as Grama grass (above).
Nimble Will, a kind of drop seed. Muhlenbergia diffsa. Orchard grass,
pasture and hay. Dactylis glomerata. Porcupine grass, troublesome to
sheep. Northwest. Stipa spartea. Quaking grass, ornamental. Briza
media and maxima. Quitch, or Quick, grass, etc., a weed. Agropyrum
repens. Ray grass. Same as Rye grass (below). Redtop, pasture and
hay. Agrostis vulgaris. Red-topped buffalo grass, forage. Northwest.
Poa tenuifolia. Reed canary grass, of slight value. Phalaris
arundinacea. Reed meadow grass, hay. North. Glyceria aquatica. Ribbon
grass, a striped leaved form of Reed canary grass. Rye grass,
pasture, hay. Lolium perenne, var. Seneca grass, fragrant basket
work, etc. North. Hierochloa borealis. Sesame grass. Same as Gama
grass (above). Sheep's fescue, sheep pasture, native in Northern
Europe and Asia. Festuca ovina. Small reed grass, meadow pasture and
hay. North. Deyeuxia Canadensis. Spear grass, Same as Meadow grass
(above). Squirrel-tail grass, troublesome to animals. Seacoast and
Northwest. Hordeum jubatum. Switch grass, hay, cut young. Panicum
virgatum. Timothy, cut young, the best of hay. North. Phleum
pratense. Velvet grass, hay on poor soil. South. Holcus lanatus.
Vernal grass, pasture, hay, lawn. Anthoxanthum odoratum. Wire grass,
valuable in pastures. Poa compressa. Wood grass, Indian grass, hay.
Chrysopogon nutans.

Note: Many plants are popularly called grasses which are not true
grasses botanically considered, such as black grass, goose grass,
star grass, etc. Black grass, a kind of small rush (Juncus Gerardi),
growing in salt marshes, used for making salt hay.
 -- Grass of the Andes, an oat grass, the Arrhenatherum avenaceum of
Europe.-- Grass of Parnassus, a plant of the genus Parnassia growing
in wet ground. The European species is P. palustris; in the United
States there are several species.
 -- Grass bass (Zoöl.), the calico bass.
 -- Grass bird, the dunlin.
 -- Grass cloth, a cloth woven from the tough fibers of the grass-
cloth plant.
 -- Grass-cloth plant, a perennial herb of the Nettle family
(Boehmeria nivea or Urtica nivea), which grows in Sumatra, China, and
Assam, whose inner bark has fine and strong fibers suited for textile
purposes.
 -- Grass finch. (Zoöl.) (a) A common American sparrow (Poöcætes
gramineus); -- called also vesper sparrow and bay-winged bunting. (b)
Any Australian finch, of the genus Poëphila, of which several species
are known.
 -- Grass lamb, a lamb suckled by a dam running on pasture land and
giving rich milk.-- Grass land, land kept in grass and not tilled.
 -- Grass moth (Zoöl.), one of many small moths of the genus Crambus,
found in grass.
 -- Grass oil, a fragrant essential volatile oil, obtained in India
from grasses of the genus Andropogon, etc.; -- used in perfumery
under the name of citronella, ginger grass oil, lemon grass oil,
essence of verbena etc.
 -- Grass owl (Zoöl.), a South African owl (Strix Capensis).
 -- Grass parrakeet (Zoöl.), any of several species of Australian
parrots, of the genus Euphemia; -- also applied to the zebra
parrakeet.
 -- Grass plover (Zoöl.), the upland or field plover.
 -- Grass poly (Bot.), a species of willowwort (Lythrum
Hyssopifolia). Johnson.
 -- Crass quit (Zoöl.), one of several tropical American finches of
the genus Euetheia. The males have most of the head and chest black
and often marked with yellow.-- Grass snake. (Zoöl.) (a) The common
English, or ringed, snake (Tropidonotus natrix). (b) The common green
snake of the Northern United States. See Green snake, under Green.
 -- Grass snipe (Zoöl.), the pectoral sandpiper (Tringa maculata) --
called also jacksnipe in America.
 -- Grass spider (Zoöl.), a common spider (Agelena nævia), which
spins flat webs on grass, conspicuous when covered with dew.
 -- Grass sponge (Zoöl.), an inferior kind of commercial sponge from
Florida and the Bahamas.
 -- Grass table. (Arch.) See Earth table, under Earth.
 -- Grass vetch (Bot.), a vetch (Lathyrus Nissolia), with narrow
grasslike leaves.
 -- Grass widow. Etym: [Cf. Prov. R. an unmarried mother, G.
strohwittwe a mock widow, Sw. gräsenka a grass widow.] (a) An
unmarried woman who is a mother. [Obs.] (b) A woman separated from
her husband by abandonment or prolonged absence; a woman living apart
from her husband. [Slang.] -- Grass wrack (Bot.) eelgrass.
 -- To bring to grass (Mining.), to raise, as ore, to the surface of
the ground.
 -- To put to grass, To put out to grass, to put out to graze a
season, as cattle.

GRASS
Grass, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grassed; p. pr. & vb. n. Grassing.]

1. To cover with grass or with turf.

2. To expose, as flax, on the grass for bleaching, etc.

3. To bring to the grass or ground; to land; as, to grass a fish.
[Colloq.]

GRASS
Grass, v. i.

Defn: To produce grass. [R.] Tusser.

GRASSATION
Gras*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. grassatio, from grassari to go about.]

Defn: A wandering about with evil intentions; a rioting. [Obs. & R.]
Feltham.

GRASS-GREEN
Grass"-green`, a.

1. Green with grass.

2. Of the color of grass; clear and vivid green.

GRASS-GROWN
Grass"-grown`, a.

Defn: Overgrown with grass; as, a grass-grown road.

GRASSHOPPER
Grass"hop`per, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any jumping, orthopterous insect, of the families Acrididæ and
Locustidæ. The species and genera are very numerous. The former
family includes the Western grasshopper or locust (Caloptenus
spretus), noted for the great extent of its ravages in the region
beyond the Mississippi. In the Eastern United States the red-legged
(Caloptenus femurrubrum and C. atlanis) are closely related species,
but their ravages are less important. They are closely related to the
migratory locusts of the Old World. See Locust.

Note: The meadow or green grasshoppers belong to the Locustidæ. They
have long antennæ, large ovipositors, and stridulating organs at the
base of the wings in the male. The European great green grasshopper
(Locusta viridissima) belongs to this family. The common American
green species mostly belong to Xiphidium, Orchelimum, and
Conocephalus.

2. In ordinary square or upright pianos of London make, the
escapement lever or jack, so made that it can be taken out and
replaced with the key; -- called also the hopper. Grove. Grasshopper
engine, a steam engine having a working beam with its fulcrum at one
end, the steam cylinder at the other end, and the connecting rod at
an intermediate point.
 -- Grasshopper lobster (Zoöl.) a young lobster. [Local, U. S.] --
Grasshopper warbler (Zoöl.), cricket bird.

GRASSINESS
Grass"i*ness, n. Etym: [From Grassy.]

Defn: The state of abounding with grass; a grassy state.

GRASSLESS
Grass"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of grass.

GRASSPLOT
Grass"plot`, n.

Defn: A plot or space covered with grass; a lawn. "Here on this
grassplot." Shak.

GRASS TREE
Grass" tree". (Bot.)
(a) An Australian plant of the genus Xanthorrhoea, having a thick
trunk crowned with a dense tuft of pendulous, grasslike leaves, from
the center of which arises a long stem, bearing at its summit a dense
flower spike looking somewhat like a large cat-tail. These plants are
often called "blackboys" from the large trunks denuded and blackened
by fire. They yield two kinds of fragrant resin, called Botany-bay
gum, and Gum Acaroides.
(b) A similar Australian plant (Kingia australis).

GRASSY
Grass"y a.

1. Covered with grass; abounding with grass; as, a grassy lawn.
Spenser.

2. Resembling grass; green.

GRATE
Grate, a. Etym: [L. gratus agreeable, grateful: cf. It. & Sp. grato.
See Grace, and cf. Agree.]

Defn: Serving to gratify; agreeable. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

GRATE
Grate, n. Etym: [LL.. grata, fr. L. crates hurdle; or It. grata, of
the same origin. Sae Crate, Hurdle.]

1. A structure or frame containing parallel or crosed bars, with
interstices; a kind of latticework, such as is used ia the windows of
prisons and cloisters. "A secret grate of iron bars." Shak.

2. A frame or bed, or kind of basket, of iron bars, for holding fuel
while burning. Grate surface (Steam, Boiler) the area of the surface
of the grate upon which the fuel lies in the furnace.

GRATE
Grate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grated; p. pr. &. vb. n. Grating.]

Defn: To furnish with grates; to protect with a grating or crossbars;
as, to grate a window.

GRATE
Grate, v. t. Etym: [OF grater to scrape, scratch, F. gratter, LL.
gratare, cratare; of German origin; cf. OHG. chrazzon G. kratzen, D.
krassen, Sw. Kratta, and perh. E. scratch.]

1. To rub roughly or harshly, as one body against another, causing a
harsh sound; as, to grate the teeth; to produce (a harsh sound) by
rubbing.
On their hinges grate Harsh thunder. Milton.

2. To reduce to small particles by rubbing with anything rough or
indented; as, to grate a nutmeg.

3. To fret; to irritate; to offend.
News, my good lord Rome . . . grates me. Shak.

GRATE
Grate, v. i.

1. To make a harsh sound by friction.
I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned, Or a dry wheel grate on
the exletree. Shak.

2. To produce the effect of rubbing with a hard rough material; to
cause wearing, tearing, or bruising. Hence; To produce exasperation,
soreness, or grief; to offend by oppression or importunity.
This grated harder upon the hearts of men. South.

GRATED
Grat"ed, a. Etym: [From 2d Grate.]

Defn: Furnished with a grate or grating; as, grated windows.

GRATEFUL
Grate"ful, a. Etym: [Grate, a. + full; cf. F. gré thanks, good will,
fr. L. gratum, neut. of gratus agreeable, grateful. See Grate, a.]

1. Having a due sense of benefits received; kindly disposed toward
one from whom a favor has been received; willing to acknowledge and
repay, or give thanks for, benefits; as, a grateful heart.
A grateful mind By owing, owes not, but still pays. Milton.

2. Affording pleasure; pleasing to the senses; gratifying; delicious;
as, a grateful present; food grateful to the palate; grateful sleep.
Now golden fruits on loaded branches shine, And grateful clusters
swell. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Thankful; pleasing; acceptable; gratifying; agreeable; welcome;
delightful; delicious.
 -- Grate"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Grate"ful*ness, n.

GRATER
Grat"er, a. Etym: [From Qrate, v.]

Defn: One who, or that which, grates; especially, an instrument or
utensil with a rough, indented surface, for rubbing off small
particles of any substance; as a grater for nutmegs.

GRATICULATION
Gra*tic"u*la"tion, n. Etym: [F. graticulation, craticulation, fr.
graticuler, craticuler, to square, fr. graticule, craticule,
graticule, L. craticula, dim. of crates wickerwork. See 2d Grate.]

Defn: The division of a design or draught into squares, in order the
more easily to reproduce it in larger or smaller dimensions.

GRATICULE
Grat"i*cule, n. Etym: [F. See Graticulation.]

Defn: A design or draught which has been divided into squares, in
order to reproduce it in other dimensions.

GRATIFICATION
Grat"i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. gratificatio: cf. F. gratification.]

1. The act of gratifying, or pleasing, either the mind, the taste, or
the appetite; as, the gratification of the palate, of the appetites,
of the senses, of the desires, of the heart.

2. That which affords pleasure; satisfaction; enjoyment; fruition:
delight.

3. A reward; a recompense; a gratuity. Bp. Morton.

GRATIFIED
Grat"i*fied, a.

Defn: Pleased; indulged according to desire.

Syn.
 -- Glad; pleased. See Glad.

GRATIFIER
Grat"i*fi"er, n.

Defn: One who gratifies or pleases.

GRATIFY
Grat"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gratified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gratifying.] Etym: [F. gratifier, L. gratificari; gratus pleasing + -
ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]

1. To please; to give pleasure to; to satisfy; to soothe; to indulge;
as, to gratify the taste, the appetite, the senses, the desires, the
mind, etc.
For who would die to gratify a foe Dryden.

2. To requite; to recompense. [Obs.]
It remains . . . To gratify his noble service. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To indulge; humor please; delight; requite; recompense.
 -- To Gratify, Indulge, Humor. Gratify, is the generic term, and has
reference simply to the pleasure communicated. To indulge a person
implies that we concede something to his wishes or his weaknesses
which he could not claim, and which had better, perhaps, be spared.
To humor is to adapt ourselves to the varying moods, and, perhaps,
caprices, of others. We gratify a child by showing him the sights of
a large city; we indulge him in some extra expense on such an
occasion; we humor him when he is tired and exacting.

GRATIN
Gra`tin", n. [F.] (Cookery)

Defn: The brown crust formed upon a gratinated dish; also, dish
itself, as crusts bread, game, or poultry.

GRATINATE
Grat"i*nate, v. t. [F. gratiner, v.i., to form a crust.] (Cookery)

Defn: To cook, as macaroni, in a savory juice or sauce until juice is
absorbed and a crisp surface forms.

GRATING
Grat"ing, n. Etym: [See 2d Grate.]

1. A partition, covering, or frame of parallel or cross bars; a
latticework resembling a window grate; as, the grating of a prison or
convent.

2. (Optics) A system of close equidistant and parallel lines lines or
bars, especially lines ruled on a polished surface, used for
producing spectra by diffraction; -- called also diffraction grating.

3. pl. (Naut.) The strong wooden lattice used to cover a hatch,
admitting light and air; also, a movable Lattice used for the
flooring of boats.

GRATING
Grat"ing, a. Etym: [See Grate to rub harshy.]

Defn: That grates; making a harsh sound; harsh.
 -- Grat"ing*ly, adv.

GRATING
Grat"ing, n.

Defn: A harsh sound caused by attrition.

GRATIOLIN
Gra*ti"o*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of the essential principles of the hedge hyssop (Gratiola
officinalis).

GRATIS
Gra"tis, adv. Etym: [L., contr. fr. gratiis out of favor or kindness,
without recompense, for nothing, fr. gratia favor. See Grace.]

Defn: For nothing; without fee or recompense; freely; gratuitously.

GRATITUDE
Grat"i*tude, n. Etym: [F. gratitude, LL. gratitudo, from gratus
agreeable, grateful. See Grate, a.]

Defn: The state of being grateful; warm and friendly feeling toward a
benefactor; kindness awakened by a favor received; thankfulness.
The debt immense of endless gratitude. Milton.

GRATUITOUS
Gra*tu"i*tous a. Etym: [L. gratuitus, from gratus pleasing. See
Grate, a., Gratis.]

1. Given without an equivalent or recompense; conferred without
valuable consideration; granted without pay, or without claim or
merit; not required by justice.
We mistake the gratuitous blessings of Heaven for the fruits of our
own industry. L'Estrange.

2. Not called for by the circumstances; without reason, cause, or
proof; adopted or asserted without any good ground; as, a gratuitous
assumption.
Acts of gratuitous self-humiliation. De Quincye.
-- Gra*tu"i*tous*ly, adv.
 -- Gra*tu"i*tous*ness, n.

GRATUITY
Gra*tu"i*ty, n.; pl. Gtratuities. Etym: [F. gratuité, or LL.
gratuitas.]

1. Something given freely or without recompense; a free gift; a
present. Swift.

2. Something voluntarily given in return for a favor or service, as a
recompense or acknowledgment.

GRATULATE
Grat"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grqatulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gratulating.] Etym: [L. gratulatus, p. p. of gratulari to
congratulate, fr. gratus pleasing, agreeable. See Grate, a.]

Defn: To salute with declaration of joy; to congratulate. [R.] Shak.

GRATULATE
Grat"u*late, a.

Defn: Worthy of gratulation. [Obs.]
There's more behind that is more gratulate. Shak.

GRATULATION
Grat"u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. gratulatio.]

Defn: The act of gratulating or felicitating; congratulation.
I shall turn my wishes into gratulations. South.

GRATULATORY
Grat"u*la*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. gratulatorius.]

Defn: Expressing gratulation or joy; congratulatory.
The usual groundwork of such gratulatory odes. Bp. Horsley.

GRAUNT
Graunt, v. & n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Grant. Chaucer.

GRAUWACKE
Grau"wack*e, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: Graywacke.

GRAVAMEN
Gra*va"men, n.; pl. L. Gravamina , E. Gravamens. Etym: [L., fr.
gravare to load, burden, fr. gravis heavy, weighty. See Grave, a.]
(Law)

Defn: The grievance complained of; the substantial cause of the
action; also, in general, the ground or essence of a complaint.
Bouvier.

-GRAVE
-grave.

Defn: A final syllable signifying a ruler, as in landgrave, margrave.
See Margrave.

GRAVE
Grave, v. t.

Defn: (Naut.) To clean, as a vessel's bottom, of barnacles, grass,
etc., and pay it over with pitch; -- so called because graves or
greaves was formerly used for this purpose.

GRAVE
Grave, a. [Compar. Graver (grav"er); superl. Gravest.] Etym: [F., fr.
L. gravis heavy; cf. It. & Sp. grave heavy, grave. See Grief.]

1. Of great weight; heavy; ponderous. [Obs.]
His shield grave and great. Chapman.

2. Of importance; momentous; weighty; influential; sedate; serious; -
- said of character, relations, etc.; as, grave deportment,
character, influence, etc.
Most potent, grave, and reverend seigniors. Shak.
A grave and prudent law, full of moral equity. Milton.

3. Not light or gay; solemn; sober; plain; as, a grave color; a grave
face.

4. (Mus.) (a) Not acute or sharp; low; deep; -- said of sound; as, a
grave note or key.
The thicker the cord or string, the more grave is the note or tone.
Moore (Encyc. of Music).

(b) Slow and solemn in movement. Grave accent. (Pron.) See the Note
under Accent, n., 2.

Syn.
 -- Solemn; sober; serious; sage; staid; demure; thoughtful; sedate;
weighty; momentous; important.
 -- Grave, Sober, Serious, Solemn. Sober supposes the absence of all
exhilaration of spirits, and is opposed to gay or flighty; as, sober
thought. Serious implies considerateness or reflection, and is
opposed to jocose or sportive; as, serious and important concerns.
Grave denotes a state of mind, appearance, etc., which results from
the pressure of weighty interests, and is opposed to hilarity of
feeling or vivacity of manner; as, a qrave remark; qrave attire.
Solemn is applied to a case in which gravity is carried to its
highest point; as, a solemn admonition; a solemn promise.

GRAVE
Grave, v. t. [imp. Graved (gravd); p. p. Graven (grav"'n) or Graved;
p. pr. & vb. n. Graving.] Etym: [AS. grafan to dig, grave, engrave;
akin to OFries. greva, D. graven, G. graben, OHG. & Goth. graban,
Dan. grabe, Sw. gräfva, Icel. grafa, but prob. not to Gr. gra`fein to
write, E. graphic. Cf. Grave, n., Grove, n.]

1. To dig. [Obs.] Chaucer.
He hath graven and digged up a pit. Ps. vii. 16 (Book of Common
Prayer).

2. To carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some hard substance; to
engrave.
Thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names of the
children of Israel. Ex. xxviii. 9.

3. To carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a chisel; to
sculpture; as, to grave an image.
With gold men may the hearte grave. Chaucer.

4. To impress deeply (on the mind); to fix indelibly.
O! may they graven in thy heart remain. Prior.

5. To entomb; to bury. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Lie full low, graved in the hollow ground. Shak.

GRAVE
Grave, v. i.

Defn: To write or delineate on hard substances, by means of incised
lines; to practice engraving.

GRAVE
Grave, n. Etym: [AS. grf, fr. grafan to dig; akin to D. & OS. graf,
G. grab, Icel. gröf, Russ. grob' grave, coffin. See Grave to carve.]

Defn: An excavation in the earth as a place of burial; also, any
place of interment; a tomb; a sepulcher. Hence: Death; destruction.
He bad lain in the grave four days. John xi. 17.
Grave wax, adipocere.

GRAVECLOTHES
Grave"clothes` (, n. pl.

Defn: The clothes or dress in which the dead are interred.

GRAVEDIGGER
Grave"dig`ger, n.

1. A digger of graves.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Burying beetle, under Bury, v. t.

GRAVEL
Grav"el, n. Etym: [OF. gravele, akin to F. grve a sandy shore,
strand; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. grouan gravel, W. gro coarse
gravel, pebbles, and Skr. gravan stone.]

1. Small stones, or fragments of stone; very small pebbles, often
intermixed with particles of sand.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A deposit of small calculous concretions in the kidneys and the
urinary or gall bladder; also, the disease of which they are a
symptom. Gravel powder, a coarse gunpowder; pebble powder.

GRAVEL
Grav"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graveled or Gravelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Graveling or Gravelling.]

1. To cover with gravel; as, to gravel a walk.

2. To run (as a ship) upon the gravel or beach; to run aground; to
cause to stick fast in gravel or sand.
When we were fallen into a place between two seas, they graveled the
ship. Acts xxvii. 41 (Rhemish version).
Willam the Conqueror . . . chanced as his arrival to be graveled; and
one of his feet stuck so fast in the sand that he fell to the ground.
Camden.

3. To check or stop; to embarrass; to perplex. [Colloq.]
When you were graveled for lack of matter. Shak.
The physician was so graveled and amazed withal, that he had not a
word more to say. Sir T. North.

4. To hurt or lame (a horse) by gravel lodged between the shoe and
foot.

GRAVELESS
Grave"less, a.

Defn: Without a grave; unburied.

GRAVELING; GRAVELLING
Grav"el*ing, or Grav"el*ling, n.

1. The act of covering with gravel.

2. A layer or coating of gravel (on a path, etc.).

GRAVELING; GRAVELLING
Grav"el*ing, or Grav"el*ling, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A salmon one or two years old, before it has gone to sea.

GRAVELLINESS
Grav"el*li*ness, n.

Defn: State of being gravelly.

GRAVELLY
Grav"el*ly, a.

Defn: Abounding with gravel; consisting of gravel; as, a gravelly
soil.

GRAVEL-STONE
Grav"el-stone", n.

Defn: A pebble, or small fragment of stone; a calculus.

GRAVELY
Grave"ly, adv.

Defn: In a grave manner.

GRAVEN
Grav"en, p. p. of Grave, v. t.

Defn: Carved. Graven image, an idol; an object of worship carved from
wood, stone, etc. "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image."
Ex. xx. 4.

GRAVENESS
Grave"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being grave.
His sables and his weeds, Importing health and graveness. Shak.

GRAVENSTEIN
Gra"ven*stein", n. Etym: [So called because it came from Gravenstein,
a place in Schleswig. Downing.]

Defn: A kind of fall apple, marked with streaks of deep red and
orange, and of excellent flavor and quality.

GRAVEOLENCE
Gra*ve"o*lence, n. Etym: [L. graveolentia: cf. F. gravéolence. See
Graveolent.]

Defn: A strong and offensive smell; rancidity. [R.] Bailey.

GRAVEOLENT
Gra*ve"o*lent, a. Etym: [L. graveolens; gravis heavy + olere to
smell.]

Defn: Having a rank smell. [R.] Boyle.

GRAVER
Graver, n.

1. One who graves; an engraver or a sculptor; one whose occupation is
te cut letters or figures in stone or other hard material.

2. An ergraving or cutting tool; a burin.

GRAVERY
Grav"er*y, n.

Defn: The act, process, or art, of graving or carving; engraving.
Either of picture or gravery and embossing. Holland.

GRAVES
Graves, n. pl.

Defn: The sediment of melted tallow. Same as Greaves.

GRAVES' DISEASE
Graves"' dis*ease". Etym: [So called after Dr. Graves, of Dublin.]

Defn: Same as Basedow's disease.

GRAVESTONE
Grave"stone, n.

Defn: A stone laid over, or erected near, a grave, usually with an
inscription, to preserve the memory of the dead; a tombstone.

GRAVEYARD
Grave"yard", n.

Defn: A yard or inclosure for the interment of the dead; a cemetery.

GRAVIC
Grav"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or causing, gravitation; as, gravic forces;
gravic attraction. [R.]

GRAVID
Grav"id, a. Etym: [L. gravidus, fr. gravis heavy, loaded. See Grave,
a.]

Defn: Being with child; heavy with young; pregnant; fruitful; as, a
gravid uterus; gravid piety. " His gravid associate." Sir T. Herbert.

GRAVIDATED
Grav"i*da"ted, a. Etym: [L. gravidatus, p. p. of gravidare to load,
impregnate. See Gravid.]

Defn: Made pregnant; big. [Obs.] Barrow.

GRAVIDATION
Grav"i*da"tion, n.

Defn: Gravidity. [Obs.]

GRAVIDITY
Gra*vid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. graviditas.]

Defn: The state of being gravidated; pregnancy. [R.]

GRAVIGRADE
Grav"i*grade, a. Etym: [L. gravis heavy + gradus step.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Slow-paced.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the pachyderms.

GRAVIMETER
Gra*vim"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. gravis heavy + -meter: cf. F.
gravimètre.]

Defn: (Physics) An instrument for ascertaining the specific gravity
of bodies.

GRAVIMETRIC
Grav"i*met"ric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to measurement by weight; measured by weight.
 -- Grav"i*met"ric*al*ly, adv. Gravimetric analysis (Chem.), analysis
in which the amounts of the coastituents are determined by weight; --
in distinction from volumetric analysis.

GRAVING
Grav"ing, n. Etym: [From Grave to clean.]

Defn: The act of cleaning a ship's bottom. Graving dock. (Naut.) See
under Dock.

GRAVING
Grav"ing, n. Etym: [From Grave to dig.]

l.

Defn: The act or art of carving figures in hard substances, esp. by
incision or in intaglio.

2. That which is graved or carved. [R.]
Skillful to . . . grave any manner of graving. 2 Chron. ii. 14.

3. Impression, as upon the mind or heart.
New gravings upon their souls. Eikon Basilike

GRAVITATE
Grav"i*tate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gravitated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gravitating.] Etym: [Cf. F. graviter. See Gravity.]

Defn: To obey the law of gravitation; to exert a force Or pressure,
or tend to move, under the influence of gravitation; to tend in any
direction or toward any object.
Why does this apple fall to the ground Because all bodies gravitate
toward each other. Sir W. Hamilton.
Politicians who naturally gravitate towards the stronger party.
Macaulay.

GRAVITATION
Grav"i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. gravitation. See Gravity.]

1. The act of gravitating.

2. (Pysics) That species of attraction or force by which all bodies
or particles of matter in the universe tend toward each other; called
also attraction of gravitation, universal gravitation, and universal
gravity. See Attraction, and Weight. Law of gravitatian, that law in
accordance with which gravitation acts, namely, that every two bodies
or portions of matter in the universe attract each other with a force
proportional directly to the quantity of matter they contain, and
inversely to the squares of their distances.

GRAVITATIONAL
Grav`i*tation*al, a. (Physics)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the force of gravity; as, gravitational
units.

GRAVITATIVE
Gravi*ta*tive, a.

Defn: Causing to gravitate; tending to a center. Coleridge.

GRAVITY
Grav"i*ty, n.; pl. Gravities. Etym: [L. gravitas, fr. gravis heavy;
cf. F. gravité. See Grave, a., Grief.]

1. The state of having weight; beaviness; as, the gravity of lead.

2. Sobriety of character or demeanor. "Men of gravity and
learning."Shak.

3. Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence, seriousness;
enormity; as, the gravity of an offense.
They derive an importance from . . . the gravity of the place where
they were uttered. Burke.

4. (Physics)

Defn: The tendency of a mass of matter toward a center of attraction;
esp., the tendency of a body toward the center of the earth;
terrestrial gravitation.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: Lowness of tone; -- opposed to acuteness. Center of gravity See
under Center.
 -- Gravity battery, See Battery, n., 4.
 -- Specific gravity, the ratio of the weight of a body to the weight
of an equal volume of some other body taken as the standard or unit.
This standard is usually water for solids and liquids, and air for
gases. Thus, 19, the specific gravity of gold, expresses the fact
that, bulk for bulk, gold is nineteen times as heavy as water.

GRAVY
Gra"vy, n; pl. Gravies. Etym: [OE. greavie; prob. fr. greaves,
graves, the sediment of melted tallow. See Greaves.]

1. The juice or other liquid matter that drips from flesh in cooking,
made into a dressing for the food when served up.

2. Liquid dressing for meat, fish, vegetables, etc.

GRAY
Gray, a. [Compar. Grayer (; superl. Grayest.] Etym: [OE. gray, grey,
AS. grg, grg; akin to D. graauw OHG. gro, G. grau, Dan. graa, Dw. gr,
Icel. grdr.] [Written also grey.]

1. White mixed with black, as the color of pepper and salt, or of
ashes, or of hair whitened by age; sometimes, a dark mixed color; as,
the soft gray eye of a dove.
These gray and dun colors may be also produced by mixing whites and
blacks. Sir I. Newton.

2. Gray-haired; gray-headed; of a gray color; hoary.

3. Old; mature; as, gray experience. Ames. Gray antimony (Min.),
stibnite.
 -- Gray buck (Zoöl.), the chickara.
 -- Gray cobalt (Min.), smaltite.
 -- Gray copper (Min.), tetrahedrite.
 -- Gray duck (Zoöl.), the gadwall; also applied to the female
mallard.
 -- Gray falcon (Zoöl.) the peregrine falcon.
 -- Gray Friar. See Franciscan, and Friar.
 -- Gray hen (Zoöl.), the female of the blackcock or black grouse.
See Heath grouse.
 -- Gray mill or millet (Bot.), a name of several plants of the genus
Lithospermum; gromwell.
 -- Gray mullet (Zoöl.) any one of the numerous species of the genus
Mugil, or family Mugilidæ, found both in the Old World and America;
as the European species (M. capito, and M. auratus), the American
striped mullet (M. albula), and the white or silver mullet (M.
Braziliensis). See Mullet.
 -- Gray owl (Zoöl.), the European tawny or brown owl (Syrnium
aluco). The great gray owl (Ulula cinerea) inhabits arctic America.
 -- Gray parrot (Zoöl.), a parrot (Psittacus erithacus), very
commonly domesticated, and noted for its aptness in learning to talk.
 -- Gray pike. (Zoöl.) See Sauger.
 -- Gray snapper (Zoöl.), a Florida fish; the sea lawyer. See
Snapper.
 -- Gray snipe (Zoöl.), the dowitcher in winter plumage.
 -- Gray whale (Zoöl.), a rather large and swift California whale
(Rhachianectes glaucus), formerly taken in large numbers in the bays;
-- called also grayback, devilfish, and hardhead.

GRAY
Gray, n.

1. A gray color; any mixture of white and black; also, a neutral or
whitish tint.

2. An animal or thing of gray color, as a horse, a badger, or a kind
of salmon.
Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day. That coats thy life, my
gallant gray. Sir W. Scott.

GRAYBACK
Gray"back`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The California gray whale.
(b) The redbreasted sandpiper or knot.
(c) The dowitcher.
(d) The body louse.

GRAYBEARD
Gray"beard`, n.

Defn: An old man. Shak.

GRAYFLY
Gray"fly`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The trumpet fly. Milton.

GRAYHOUND
Gray"hound` (-hound`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Greyhound.

GRAYISH
Gray"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat gray.

GRAYLAG
Gray"lag`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common wild gray goose (Anser anser) of Europe, believed to
be the wild form of the domestic goose. See Illust. of Goose.

GRAYLING
Gray"ling, n. Etym: [From Gray, a.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European fish (Thymallus vulgaris), allied to the trout, but
having a very broad dorsal fin; -- called also umber. It inhabits
cold mountain streams, and is valued as a game fish.
And here and there a lusty trout, And here and there a grayling.
Tennyson.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American fish of the genus Thymallus, having similar habits
to the above; one species (T. Ontariensis), inhabits several streams
in Michigan; another (T. montanus), is found in the Yellowstone
region.

GRAYNESS
Gray"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being gray.

GRAYSTONE
Gray"stone`, n. (Geol.)

Defn: A grayish or greenish compact rock, composed of feldspar and
augite, and allied to basalt.

GRAYWACKE
Gray"wacke`, n. Etym: [G. grauwacke; grau gray + wacke wacke. See
Gray, and Wacke, and cf. Grauwacke.] (Geol.)

Defn: A conglomerate or grit rock, consisting of rounded pebbles sand
firmly united together.

Note: This term, derved from the grauwacke of German miners, was
formerly applied in geology to different grits and slates of the
Silurian series; but it is now seldom used.

GRAZE
Graze, v. t. Etym: [imp. & p. p. Grazed (p. pr. & vb. n. Grazing.]
Etym: [OE. grasen, AS. grasian, fr. grs grass. See Grass.]

1. To feed or supply (cattle, sheep, etc.) with grass; to furnish
pasture for.
A field or two to graze his cows. Swift.

2. To feed on; to eat (growing herbage); to eat grass from (a
pasture); to browse.
The lambs with wolves shall graze the verdant mead. Pope.

3. To tend (cattle, etc.) while grazing.
When Jacob grazed his uncle Laban's sheep. Shak.

4. To rub or touch lightly the surface of (a thing) in passing; as,
the bullet grazed the wall.

GRAZE
Graze, v. i.

1. To eat grass; to feed on growing herbage; as, cattle graze on the
meadows.

2. To yield grass for grazing. The ground cortinueth the wet, whereby
it will never graze to purpose. Bacon.

3. To touch something lightly in passing.

GRAZE
Graze, n.

1. The act of grazing; the cropping of grass. [Colloq.]
Turning him out for a grace on the common. T. Hughes.

2. A light touch; a slight scratch.

GRAZER
Graz"er, n.

Defn: One that grazes; a creature which feeds on growing grass or
herbage.
The cackling goose, Close grazer, finds wherewith to ease her want.
J. Philips.

GRAZIER
Gra"zier, n.

Defn: One who pastures cattle, and rears them for market.
The inhabitants be rather . . . graziers than plowmen. Stow.

GRAZING
Graz"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, grazes.

2. A pasture; growing grass.

GRAZIOSO
Gra"zi*o"so, adv. Etym: [It., adj. See Gracious.] (Mus.)

Defn: Gracefully; smoothly; elegantly.

GRE
Gre, n.

Defn: See Gree, a step. [Obs.]

GRE
Gre, n.

Defn: See Gree, good will. [Obs.]

GREASE
Grease (gres), n. Etym: [OE. grese, grece, F. graisse; akin to gras
fat, greasy, fr. LL. grassus thick, fat, gross, L. crassus. Cf.
Crass.]

1. Animal fat, as tallow or lard, especially when in a soft state;
oily or unctuous matter of any kind.

2. (Far.)

Defn: An inflammation of a horse's heels, suspending the ordinary
greasy secretion of the part, and producing dryness and scurfiness,
followed by cracks, ulceration, and fungous excrescences. Grease
bush. (Bot.) Same as Grease wood (below).
 -- Grease moth (Zoöl.), a pyralid moth (Aglossa pinguinalis) whose
larva eats greasy cloth, etc.
 -- Grease wood (Bot.), a scraggy, stunted, and somewhat prickly
shrub (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) of the Spinach family, very abundant
in alkaline valleys from the upper Missouri to California. The name
is also applied to other plants of the same family, as several
species of Atriplex and Obione.

GREASE
Grease, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greased (grezd or gresd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Greasing.]

1. To smear, anoint, or daub, with grease or fat; to lubricate; as,
to grease the wheels of a wagon.

2. To bribe; to corrupt with presents.
The greased advocate that grinds the poor. Dryden.

3. To cheat or cozen; to overreach. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

4. (Ear.) To affect (a horse) with grease, the disease. To grease in
the hand, to corrupt by bribes. Usher.

GREASE COCK; GREASE CUP
Grease cock or cup . (Mach.)

Defn: A cock or cup containing grease, to serve as a lubricator.

GREASER
Greas"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, greases; specifically, a person employed
to lubricate the working parts of machinery, engines, carriages, etc.

2. A nickname sometimes applied in contempt to a Mexican of the
lowest type. [Low, U. S.]

GREASILY
Greas"i*ly

Defn: , adv.

1. In a greasy manner.

2. In a gross or indelicate manner. [Obs.]
You talk greasily; your lips grow foul. Shak.

GREASINESS
Greas"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being greasy, oiliness; unctuousness;
grossness.

GREASY
Greas"y, a. Etym: [Compar. Greasier (

1. Composed of, or characterized by, grease; oily; unctuous; as, a
greasy dish.

2. Smeared or defiled with grease.
With greasy aprons, rules, and hammers. Shak.

3. Like grease or oil; smooth; seemingly unctuous to the touch, as is
mineral soapstone.

4. Fat of body; bulky. [R.] Shak.

5. Gross; indelicate; indecent. [Obs.] Marston.

6. (Far.)

Defn: Affected with the disease called grease; as, the heels of a
horse. See Grease, n., 2.

GREAT
Great, a. [Compar. Greater (; superl. Greatest.] Etym: [OE. gret,
great, AS. gret; akin to OS. & LG. grt, D. groot, OHG. grz, G. gross.
Cf. Groat the coin.]

1. Large in space; of much size; big; immense; enormous; expanded; --
opposed to small and little; as, a great house, ship, farm, plain,
distance, length.

2. Large in number; numerous; as, a great company, multitude, series,
etc.

3. Long continued; lengthened in duration; prolonged in time; as, a
great while; a great interval.

4. Superior; admirable; commanding; -- applied to thoughts, actions,
and feelings.

5. Endowed with extraordinary powers; uncommonly gifted; able to
accomplish vast results; strong; powerful; mighty; noble; as, a great
hero, scholar, genius, philosopher, etc.

6. Holding a chief position; elevated: lofty: eminent; distingushed;
formost; principal; as, great men; the great seal; the great marshal,
etc.
He doth object I am too great of birth. Shak.

7. Entitled to earnest consideration; weighty; important; as, a great
argument, truth, or principle.

8. Pregnant; big (with young).
The ewes great with young. Ps. lxxviii. 71.

9. More than ordinary in degree; very considerable in degree; as, to
use great caution; to be in great pain.
We have all Great cause to give great thanks. Shak.

10. (Genealogy) Older, younger, or more remote, by single generation;
-- often used before grand to indicate one degree more remote in the
direct line of de scent; as, great-grandfather (a grandfather's or a
grand- mother's father), great-grandson, etc. Great bear (Astron.),
the constellation Ursa Major.
 -- Great cattle (Law), all manner of cattle except sheep and
yearlings. Wharton.
 -- Great charter (Eng. Hist.), Magna Charta.
 -- Great circle of a sphere, a circle the plane of which passes
through the center of the sphere.
 -- Great circle sailing, the process or art of conducting a ship on
a great circle of the globe or on the shortest arc between two
places.
 -- Great go, the final examination for a degree at the University of
Oxford, England; -- called also greats. T. Hughes.
 -- Great guns. (Naut.) See under Gun.
 -- The Great Lakes the large fresh-water lakes (Lakes Superior,
Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario) which lie on the northern borders
of the United States.
 -- Great master. Same as Grand master, under Grand.
 -- Great organ (Mus.), the largest and loudest of the three parts of
a grand organ (the others being the choir organ and the swell, and
sometimes the pedal organ or foot keys), It is played upon by a
separate keyboard, which has the middle position.
 -- The great powers (of Europe), in modern diplomacy, Great Britain,
France, Germany, Austria, Russia, and Italy.
 -- Great primer. See under Type.
 -- Great scale (Mus.), the complete scale; -- employed to designate
the entire series of musical sounds from lowest to highest.
 -- Great sea, the Mediterranean sea. In Chaucer both the Black and
the Mediterranean seas are so called.
 -- Great seal. (a) The principal seal of a kingdom or state. (b) In
Great Britain, the lord chancellor (who is custodian of this seal);
also, his office.
 -- Great tithes. See under Tithes.
 -- The great, the eminent, distinguished, or powerful.
 -- The Great Spirit, among the North American Indians, their chief
or principal deity.
 -- To be great (with one), to be intimate or familiar (with him).
Bacon.

GREAT
Great, n.

Defn: The whole.; the gross; as, a contract to build a ship by the
great.

GREAT-BELLIED
Great"-bel`lied, a.

Defn: Having a great belly, bigbellied; pregnant; teeming. Shak.

GREATCOAT
Great"coat", n.

Defn: An overcoat.

GREATEN
Great"en, v. t.

Defn: To make great; to aggrandize; to cause to increase in size; to
expand. [R.]
A minister's [business] is to greaten and exalt [his king]. Ken.

GREATEN
Great"en, v. i.

Defn: To become large; to dilate. [R.]
My blue eyes greatening in the looking-glass. Mrs. Browning.

GREAT-GRANDCHILD
Great"-grand"child`, n.

Defn: The child of one's grandson or granddaughter.

GREAT-GRANDDAUGHTER
Great"-grand"daugh`ter, n. Etym: [See Great, 10.]

Defn: A daughter of one's grandson or granddaughter.

GREAT-GRANDFATHER
Great"-grand"fa`ther, n. Etym: [See Great, 10.]

Defn: The father of one's grandfather or grandmother.

GREAT-GRANDMOTHER
Great"-grand"moth`er, n.

Defn: The mother of one's grandfather or grandmother.

GREAT-GRANDSON
Great"-grand"son`, n. Etym: [See Great, 10.]

Defn: A son of one's grandson or granddaughter.

GREAT-HEARTED
Great"-heart`ed, a.

1. High-spirited; fearless. [Obs.] Clarendon.

2. Generous; magnanimous; noble.

GREAT-HEARTEDNESS
Great"-heart`ed*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being greathearted; high-mindedness;
magnanimity.

GREATLY
Great"ly, adv.

1. In a great degree; much.
I will greatly multiply thy sorrow. Gen. iii. 16.

2. Nobly; illustriously; magnanimously.
By a high fate thou greatly didst expire. Dryden.

GREATNESS
Great"ness, n. Etym: [AS. greátnes.]

1. The state, condition, or quality of being great; as, greatness of
size, greatness of mind, power, etc.

2. Pride; haughtiness. [Obs.]It is not of pride or greatness that he
cometh not aboard your ships. Bacon.

GREAT WHITE WAY
Great White Way.

Defn: Broadway, in New York City, in the neighborhood chiefly
occupied by theaters, as from about 30th Street about 50th Street; --
so called from its brilliant illumination at night.

GREAVE
Greave, n.

Defn: A grove. [Obs.] Spenser.

GREAVE
Greave, n. Etym: [OF. greees; cf. Sp. grevas.]

Defn: Armor for the leg below the knee; -- usually in the plural.

GREAVE
Greave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greaved (grevd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Greaving.] Etym: [From Greaves.] (Naut.)

Defn: To clean (a ship's bottom); to grave.

GREAVES
Greaves (grevz), n. pl. Etym: [Cf. dial. Sw. grevar greaves, LG.
greven, G. griebe, also AS. greofa pot. Cf. Gravy.]

Defn: The sediment of melted tallow. It is made into cakes for dogs'
food. In Scotland it is called cracklings. [Written also graves.]

GREBE
Grebe (greb), n. Etym: [F. grbe, fr. Armor. krib comb; akin to kriben
crest, W. crib comb, crest. So called in allusion to the crest of one
species.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several swimming birds or divers, of the genus Colymbus
(formerly Podiceps), aud allied genera, found in the northern parts
of America, Europe, and Asia. They have strong, sharp bills, and
lobate toes.

GRECIAN
Gre"cian", a. Etym: [Cf. Greek.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Greece; Greek. Grecian bend, among women,
an affected carriage of the body, the upper part being inclined
forward. [Collog.] -- Grecian fire. See Greek fire, under Greek.

GRECIAN
Gre"cian, n.

1. A native or naturalized inhabitant of Greece; a Greek.

2. A jew who spoke Greek; a Hellenist. Acts vi. 1.

Note: The Greek word rendered Grecian in the Authorized Version of
the New Testament is translated Grecian Jew in the Revised Version.

6. One well versed in the Greek language, literature, or history. De
Quincey.

GRECISM
Gre"cism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. grécisme.]

Defn: An idiom of the Greek language; a Hellenism. Addison.

GRECIZE
Gre"cize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grecized; p. pr. & vb. n. Grecizing.]
Etym: [Cf. F. gréciser.]

1. To render Grecian; also, to cause (a word or phrase in another
language) to take a Greek form; as, the name is Grecized. T. Warton.

2. To translate into Greek.

GRECIZE; GRECIANIZE
Gre"cize, Gre"cian*ize (, v. i.

Defn: To conform to the Greek custom, especially in speech.

GRECO-ROMAN
Gre"co-Ro"man, a.

Defn: Having characteristics that are partly Greek and partly Roman;
as, Greco-Roman architecture.

GRECQUE
Grecque (grêk), n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An ornament supposed to be of Greek origin, esp. a fret or
meander,

GREE
Gree, n. Etym: [F. gré. See Grateful, and cf. Agree.]

1. Good will; favor; pleasure; satisfaction; -- used esp. in such
phrases as: to take in gree; to accept in gree; that is, to take
favorably. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Accept in gree, my lord, the words I spoke. Fairfax.

2. Rank; degree; position. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.
He is a shepherd great in gree. Spnser.

3. The prize; the honor of the day; as, to bear the gree, i. e., to
carry off the prize. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.

GREE
Gree, v. i. Etym: [From Agree.]

Defn: To agree. [Obs.] Fuller.

GREE
Gree, n.; pl. Grees (grez); obs. plurals Greece (gres) Grice (grs or
grs), Grise, Grize (grz or grz), etc. Etym: [OF. gré, F. grade. See
Grade.]

Defn: A step.

GREECE
Greece, n. pl.

Defn: See Gree a step. [Obs.]

GREED
Greed, n. Etym: [Akin to Goth. grdus hunger, Icel. graedhr. sq.
root34. See Greedy.]

Defn: An eager desire or longing; greediness; as, a greed of gain.

GREEDILY
Greed"i*ly

Defn: , adv. In a greedy manner.

GREEDINESS
Greed"i*ness, n. Etym: [AS grdignes.]

Defn: The quality of being greedy; vehement and selfish desire.
Fox in stealth, wolf in greediness. Shak.

Syn.-- Ravenousness; voracity; eagerness; avidity.

GREEDY
Greed"y, a. [Compar. Greedier (-î-er); superl. Greediest.] Etym: [OE.
gredi, AS. grdig, grdig; akin to D. gretig, OS. grdag, OHG. grtag,
Dan. graadig, OSw. gradig, grdig, Icel. graugr, Goth. grdags greedy,
grdn to be hungry; cf. Skr. grdh to be greedy. Cf. Greed.]

1. Having a keen appetite for food or drink; ravenous; voracious;
very hungry; -- followed by of; as, a lion that is greedy of his
prey.

2. Having a keen desire for anything; vehemently desirous; eager to
obtain; avaricious; as, greedy of gain.

GREEDY-GUT
Greed"y-gut", n.

Defn: A glutton. [Low] Todd.

GREEGREE; GRIGRI
Gree"gree", Gri"gri", n.

Defn: An African talisman or Gri'gri' charm. A greegree man, an
African magician or fetich priest.

GREEK
Greek, a. Etym: [AS. grec, L. Graecus, Gr. : cf. F. grec. Cf.
Grecian.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Greece or the Greeks; Grecian. Greek
calends. See under Calends.
 -- Greek Church (Eccl. Hist.), the Eastern Church; that part of
Christendom which separated from the Roman or Western Church in the
ninth century. It comprises the great bulk of the Christian
population of Russia (of which this is the established church),
Greece, Moldavia, and Wallachia. The Greek Church is governed by
patriarchs and is called also the Byzantine Church.
 -- Greek cross. See Illust. (10) Of Cross.
 -- Greek Empire. See Byzantine Empire.
 -- Greek fire, a combustible composition which burns under water,
the constituents of which are supposed to be asphalt, with niter and
sulphur. Ure.
 -- Greek rose, the flower campion.

GREEK
Greek, n.

1. A native, or one of the people, of Greece; a Grecian; also, the
language of Greece.

2. A swindler; a knave; a cheat. [Slang]
Without a confederate the . . . game of baccarat does not . . . offer
many chances for the Greek. Sat. Rev.

3. Something unintelligible; as, it was all Greek to me. [Colloq.]

GREEK CALENDAR
Greek calendar.

1. Any of various calendars used by the ancient Greek states. The
Attic calendar divided the year into twelve months of 29 and 30 days,
as follows:

1. Hecatombæon (July-Aug.). 2. Metageitnion (Aug.-Sept.). 3.
Boëdromion (Sept.-Oct.). 4. Pyanepsion (Oct.-Nov.). 5. Mæmacterion
(Nov.-Dec.). 6. Poseideon (Dec.-Jan.). 7. Gamelion (Jan.-Feb.). 8.
Anthesterion (Feb.-Mar.). 9. Elaphebolion (Mar.-Apr.). 10. Munychion
(Apr.-May). 11. Thargelion (May-June). 12. Scirophorion (June-July).

A fixed relation to the seasons was maintained by introducing an
intercalary month, "the second Poseideon," at first in an inexact
way, afterward in years 3, 5, 8, 11, 13, 16, 19 of the Metonic cycle.
Dates were reckoned in Olympiads.

2.  The Julian calendar, used in the Greek Church.

GREEK CALENDS; GREEK KALENDS
Greek calends or kalends.

Defn: A time that will never come, as the Greeks had no calends.

GREEKESS
Greek"ess, n.

Defn: A female Greek. [R.]

GREEKISH
Greek"ish, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. Grecisc.]

Defn: Peculiar to Greece.

GREEKLING
Greek"ling, n.

Defn: A little Greek, or one of small esteem or pretensions. B.
Jonson.

GREEN
Green, a. [Compar. Greener (; superl. Greenest.] Etym: [OE. grene,
AS. grne; akin to D. groen, OS. grni, OHG. gruoni, G. grn, Dan. & Sw.
grn, Icel. grnn; fr. the root of E. grow. See Grow.]

1. Having the color of grass when fresh and growing; resembling that
color of the solar spectrum which is between the yellow and the blue;
verdant; emerald.

2. Having a sickly color; wan.
To look so green and pale. Shak.

3. Full of life aud vigor; fresh and vigorous; new; recent; as, a
green manhood; a green wound.
As valid against such an old and beneficent government as against . .
. the greenest usurpation. Burke.

4. Not ripe; immature; not fully grown or ripened; as, green fruit,
corn, vegetables, etc.

5. Not roasted; half raw. [R.]
We say the meat is green when half roasted. L. Watts.

6. Immature in age or experience; young; raw; not trained; awkward;
as, green in years or judgment.
I might be angry with the officious zeal which supposes that its
green conceptions can instruct my gray hairs. Sir W. Scott.

7. Not seasoned; not dry; containing its natural juices; as, green
wood, timber, etc. Shak. Green brier (Bot.), a thorny climbing shrub
(Emilaz rotundifolia) having a yellowish green stem and thick leaves,
with small clusters of flowers, common in the United States; --
called also cat brier.
 -- Green con (Zoöl.), the pollock.
 -- Green crab (Zoöl.), an edible, shore crab (Carcinus menas) of
Europe and America; -- in New England locally named joe-rocker.
 -- Green crop, a crop used for food while in a growing or unripe
state, as distingushed from a grain crop, root crop, etc.
 -- Green diallage. (Min.) (a) Diallage, a variety of pyroxene. (b)
Smaragdite.
 -- Green dragon (Bot.), a North American herbaceous plant (Arisæma
Dracontium), resembling the Indian turnip; -- called also dragon
root.
 -- Green earth (Min.), a variety of glauconite, found in cavities in
amygdaloid and other eruptive rock, and used as a pigment by artists;
-- called also mountain green.
 -- Green ebony. (a) A south American tree (Jacaranda ovalifolia),
having a greenish wood, used for rulers, turned and inlaid work, and
in dyeing. (b) The West Indian green ebony. See Ebony.
 -- Green fire (Pyrotech.), a composition which burns with a green
flame. It consists of sulphur and potassium chlorate, with some salt
of barium (usually the nitrate), to which the color of the flame is
due.
 -- Green fly (Zoöl.), any green species of plant lice or aphids,
esp. those that infest greenhouse plants.
 -- Green gage, (Bot.) See Greengage, in the Vocabulary.
 -- Green gland (Zoöl.), one of a pair of large green glands in
Crustacea, supposed to serve as kidneys. They have their outlets at
the bases of the larger antennæ.
 -- Green hand, a novice. [Colloq.] -- Green heart (Bot.), the wood
of a lauraceous tree found in the West Indies and in South America,
used for shipbuilding or turnery. The green heart of Jamaica and
Guiana is the Nectandra Rodioei, that of Martinique is the Colubrina
ferruginosa.
 -- Green iron ore (Min.) dufrenite.
 -- Green laver (Bot.), an edible seaweed (Ulva latissima); -- called
also green sloke.
 -- Green lead ore (Min.), pyromorphite.
 -- Green linnet (Zoöl.), the greenfinch.
 -- Green looper (Zoöl.), the cankerworm.
 -- Green marble (Min.), serpentine.
 -- Green mineral, a carbonate of copper, used as a pigment. See
Greengill.
 -- Green monkey (Zoöl.) a West African long-tailed monkey
(Cercopithecus callitrichus), very commonly tamed, and trained to
perform tricks. It was introduced into the West Indies early in the
last century, and has become very abundant there.
 -- Green salt of Magnus (Old Chem.), a dark green crystalline salt,
consisting of ammonia united with certain chlorides of platinum.
 -- Green sand (Founding) molding sand used for a mold while slightly
damp, and not dried before the cast is made.
 -- Green sea (Naut.), a wave that breaks in a solid mass on a
vessel's deck.
 -- Green sickness (Med.), chlorosis.
 -- Green snake (Zoöl.), one of two harmless American snakes
(Cyclophis vernalis, and C. æstivus). They are bright green in color.
 -- Green turtle (Zoöl.), an edible marine turtle. See Turtle.
 -- Green vitriol. (a) (Chem.) Sulphate of iron; a light green
crystalline substance, very extensively used in the preparation of
inks, dyes, mordants, etc. (b) (Min.) Same as copperas, melanterite
and sulphate of iron.
 -- Green ware, articles of pottery molded and shaped, but not yet
baked.
 -- Green woodpecker (Zoöl.), a common European woodpecker (Picus
viridis); -- called also yaffle.

GREEN
Green (gren), n.

1. The color of growing plants; the color of the solar spectrum
intermediate between the yellow and the blue.

2. A grassy plain or plat; a piece of ground covered with verdant
herbage; as, the village green.
O'er the smooth enameled green. Milton.

3. Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other plants; wreaths; --
usually in the plural.
In that soft season when descending showers Call forth the greens,
and wake the rising flowers. Pope.

4. pl. Leaves and stems of young plants, as spinach, beets, etc.,
which in their green state are boiled for food.

5. Any substance or pigment of a green color. Alkali green (Chem.),
an alkali salt of a sulphonic acid derivative of a complex aniline
dye, resembling emerald green; -- called also Helvetia green.--
Berlin green. (Chem.) See under Berlin.
 -- Brilliant green (Chem.), a complex aniline dye, resembling
emerald green in composition.
 -- Brunswick green an oxychloride of copper.
 -- Chrome green. See under Chrome.
 -- Emerald green. (Chem.) (a) A complex basic derivative of aniline
produced as a metallic, green crystalline substance, and used for
dyeing silk, wool, and mordanted vegetable fiber a brilliant green; -
- called also aldehyde green, acid green, malachite green, Victoria
green, solid green, etc. It is usually found as a double chloride,
with zinc chloride, or as an oxalate. (b) See Paris green (below).
 -- Gaignet's green (Chem.) a green pigment employed by the French
artist, Adrian Gusgnet, and consisting essentially of a basic hydrate
of chromium.
 -- Methyl green (Chem.), an artificial rosaniline dyestuff, obtained
as a green substance having a brilliant yellow luster; -- called also
light-green.
 -- Mineral green. See under Mineral.
 -- Mountain green. See Green earth, under Green, a.
 -- Paris green (Chem.), a poisonous green powder, consisting of a
mixture of several double salts of the acetate and arsenite of
copper. It has found very extensive use as a pigment for wall paper,
artificial flowers, etc., but particularly as an exterminator of
insects, as the potato bug; -- called also Schweinfurth green,
imperial green, Vienna green, emerald qreen, and mitis green.
 -- Scheele's green (Chem.), a green pigment, consisting essentially
of a hydrous arsenite of copper; -- called also Swedish green. It may
enter into various pigments called parrot green, pickel green,
Brunswick green, nereid green, or emerald green.

GREEN
Green, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greened (great): p. pr. & vb. n.
Greening.]

Defn: To make green.
Great spring before Greened all the year. Thomson.

GREEN
Green, v. i.

Defn: To become or grow green. Tennyson.
By greening slope and singing flood. Whittier.

GREENBACK
Green"back", n.

Defn: One of the legal tender notes of the United States; -- first
issued in 1862, and having the devices on the back printed with green
ink, to prevent alterations and counterfeits.

GREENBACKER
Green"back"er, n.

Defn: One of those who supported greenback or paper money, and
opposed the resumption of specie payments. [Colloq. U. S.]

GREENBONE
Green"bone, n. Etym: [So named because the bones are green when
boiled.] (Zoöl.)
(a) Any garfish (Belone or Tylosurus).
(b) The European eelpout.

GREEN-BROOM
Green"-broom`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Genista (G. tinctoria); dyer's weed; --
called also greenweed.

GREENCLOTH
Green"cloth` (-klôth`; 115), n.

Defn: A board or court of justice formerly held in the counting house
of the British sovereign's household, composed of the lord steward
and his officers, and having cognizance of matters of justice in the
household, with power to correct offenders and keep the peace within
the verge of the palace, which extends two hundred yards beyond the
gatees.

GREENERY
Green"er*y, n.

Defn: Green plants; verdure.
A pretty little one-storied abode, so rural, so smothered in
greenery. J. Ingelow.

GREEN-EYED
Green"-eyed, a.

1. Having green eyes.

2. Seeing everything through a medium which discolors or distorts.
"Green-eyed jealousy." Shak.

GREENFINCH
Green"finch`, n. (Zoöl.)

1. A European finch (Ligurinus chloris); -- called also green bird,
green linnet, green grosbeak, green olf, greeny, and peasweep.

2. The Texas sparrow (Embernagra rufivirgata), in which the general
color is olive green, with four rufous stripes on the head.

GREENFISH
Green"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Bluefish, and Pollock.

GREENGAGE
Green"gage`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of plum of medium size, roundish shape, greenish flesh,
and delicious flavor. It is called in France Reine Claude, after the
queen of Francis I. See Gage.

GREENGILL
Green"gill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An oyster which has the gills tinged with a green pigment, said
to be due to an abnormal condition of the blood.

GREENGROCER
Green"gro`cer, n.

Defn: A retailer of vegetables or fruits in their fresh or green
state.

GREENHEAD
Green"head`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The mallard.
(b) The striped bass. See Bass.

GREENHEAD; GREENHOOD
Green"head, Green"hood, n.

Defn: A state of greenness; verdancy. Chaucer.

GREENHORN
Green"horn`, n.

Defn: A raw, inexperienced person; one easily imposed upon. W.
Irving.

GREENHOUSE
Green"house`, n.

Defn: A house in which tender plants are cultivated and sheltered
from the weather.

GREENING
Green"ing, n.

Defn: A greenish apple, of several varieties, among which the Rhode
Island greening is the best known for its fine-grained acid flesh and
its excellent keeping quality.

GREENISH
Green"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat green; having a tinge of green; as, a greenish yellow.
 -- Green"ish*ness, n.

GREENLANDER
Green"land*er, n.

Defn: A native of Greenland.

GREEN-LEEK
Green"-leek`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Australian parrakeet (Polytelis Barrabandi); -- called also
the scarlet-breasted parrot.

GREENLET
Green"let, n.

Defn: l. (Zoöl.) One of numerous species of small American singing
birds, of the genus Vireo, as the solitary, or blue-headed (Vireo
solitarius); the brotherly-love (V. Philadelphicus); the warbling
greenlet (V. gilvus); the yellow-throated greenlet (V. flavifrons)
and others. See Vireo.

2. (Zoöl,) Any species of Cyclorhis, a genus of tropical American
birds allied to the tits.

GREENLY
Green"ly, adv.

Defn: With a green color; newly; freshly, immaturely.
 -- a.

Defn: Of a green color. [Obs.]

GREENNESS
Green"ness, n. Etym: [AS. grnnes. See Green.]

1. The quality of being green; viridity; verdancy; as, the greenness
of grass, or of a meadow.

2. Freshness; vigor; newness.

3. Immaturity; unripeness; as, the greenness of fruit; inexperience;
as, the greenness of youth.

GREENOCKITE
Green"ock*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Lord Greenock.] (Min.)

Defn: Native cadmium sulphide, a mineral occurring in yellow
hexagonal crystals, also as an earthy incrustation.

GREENROOM
Green"room` (gren"room`), n.

Defn: The retiring room of actors and actresses in a theater.

GREENSAND
Green"sand` (-s, n. (Geol.)

Defn: A variety of sandstone, usually imperfectly consolidated,
consisting largely of glauconite, a silicate of iron and potash of a
green color, mixed with sand and a trace of phosphate of lime.

Note: Greensand is often called marl, because it is a useful
fertilizer. The greensand beds of the American Cretaceous belong
mostly to the Upper Cretaceous.

GREENSHANK
Green"shank`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European sandpiper or snipe (Totanus canescens); -- called
also greater plover.

GREEN-STALL
Green"-stall`, n.

Defn: A stall at which greens and fresh vegetables are exposed for
sale.

GREENSTONE
Green"stone` (gren"ston`), n. Etym: [So called from a tinge of green
in the color.] (Geol.)

Defn: A name formerly applied rather loosely to certain dark-colored
igneous rocks, including diorite, diabase, etc.

GREENSWARD
Green"sward` (-sward') n.

Defn: Turf green with grass.

GREENTH
Greenth (grenth), n. Etym: [Cf. Growth.]

Defn: The state or quality of being green; verdure. [R.]
The greenth of summer. G. Eliot.

GREENWEED
Green"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Greenbroom.

GREENWOOD
Green"wood`, n.

Defn: A forest as it appears is spring and summer.

GREENWOOD
Green"wood`, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a greenwood; as, a greenwood shade. Dryden.

GREET
Greet, a.

Defn: Great. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GREET
Greet, v. i. Etym: [OE. greten, AS. grtan, grlan; akin to Icel.
grata, Sw. gita, Dan. grde, Goth. grctan; cf. Skr. hrd to sound,
roar. sq. root50.]

Defn: To weep; to cry; to lament. [Obs. or Scot.] [Written also
greit.] Spenser.

GREET
Greet, n.

Defn: Mourning. [Obs.] Spenser.

GREET
Greet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Greeting.] Etym:
[OE. greten, AS. grtan to address, approach; akin to OS. gr, LG
gröten, D. groeten, OHG. gruozzen, G. grüssen.]

1. To address with salutations or expressions of kind wishes; to
salute; to hail; to welcome; to accost with friendship; to pay
respects or compliments to, either personally or through the
intervention of another, or by writing or token.
My lord, the mayor of London comes to greet you. Shak.

2. To come upon, or meet, as with something that makes the heart
glad.
In vain the spring my senses greets. Addison.

3. To accost; to address. Pope.

GREET
Greet, v. i.

Defn: To meet and give salutations.
There greet in silence, as the dead are wont, And sleep in peace.
Shak.

GREET
Greet, n.

Defn: Greeting. [Obs.] F. Beaumont.

GREETER
Greet"er, n.

Defn: One who greets or salutes another.

GREETER
Greet"er, n.

Defn: One who weeps or mourns. [Obs.]

GREETING
Greet"ing, n.

Defn: Expression of kindness or joy; salutation at meeting; a
compliment from one absent.
Write to him . . . gentle adieus and greetings. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Salutation; salute; compliment.

GREEVE
Greeve, n.

Defn: See Grieve, an overseer.

GREEZE
Greeze, n.

Defn: A step. See Gree, a step. [Obs.]
The top of the ladder, or first greeze, is this. Latimer.

GREFFIER
Gref"fi*er, n. Etym: [F., from LL. grafarius, graphiarius, fr. L.
graphium, a writing style; cf. F. greffe a record office. See Graft,
and cf. Graffer.]

Defn: A registrar or recorder; a notary. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

GREGAL
Gre"gal, a. Etym: [L. gregalis, fr. grex, gregis, herd.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, a flock.
For this gregal conformity there is an excuse. W. S. Mayo.

GREGARIAN
Gre*ga"ri*an, a.

Defn: Gregarious; belonging to the herd or common sort; common.
[Obs.] "The gregarian soldiers." Howell.

GREGARINE; GREGARINAE
Greg`a*ri"nae, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gregarina the typical genus,
fr. L. gregarius. See Gregarious.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Protozoa, allied to the Rhizopoda, and parasitic in
other animals, as in the earthworm, lobster, etc. When adult, they
have a small, wormlike body inclosing a nucleus, but without external
organs; in one of the young stages, they are amoebiform; -- called
also Gregarinida, and Gregarinaria.

GREGARINE
Greg"a*rine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Gregarinæ.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Gregarinæ.

GREGARINIDA
Greg`a*rin"i*da

Defn: Gregarinæ.

GREGARIOUS
Gre*ga"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. gregarius, fr. grex, gregis, herd; cf.
Gr. jar to approach. Cf. Congregate, Egregious.]

Defn: Habitually living or moving in flocks or herds; tending to
flock or herd together; not habitually solitary or living alone.
Burke.
No birds of prey are gregarious. Ray.
-- Gre*ga"ri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Gre-ga'ri-ous-ness, n.

GREGE; GREGGE
Grege, Greg"ge (, v. t. Etym: [OE. gregier to burden.]

Defn: To make heavy; to increase. [Obs.] Wyclif.

GREGGOE; GREGO
Greg"goe, Gre"go, n. Etym: [Prob. fr, It. Greco Greek, or Sp. Griego,
or Pg. Grego.]

Defn: A short jacket or cloak, made of very thick, coarse cloth, with
a hood attached, worn by the Greeks and others in the Levant.
[Written also griego.]

GREGORIAN
Gre*go"ri*an, a. Etym: [NL. Gregorianus, fr. Gregorius Gregory, Gr.
grégorien.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or originated by, some person named Gregory,
especially one of the popes of that name. Gregorian calendar, the
calendar as reformed by Pope Gregory XIII. in 1582, including the
method of adjusting the leap years so as to harmonize the civil year
with the solar, and also the regulation of the time of Easter and the
movable feasts by means of epochs. See Gregorian year (below).
 -- Gregorian chant (Mus.), plain song, or canto fermo, a kind of
unisonous music, according to the eight celebrated church modes, as
arranged and prescribed by Pope Gregory I. (called "the Great") in
the 6th century.
 -- Gregorian modes, the musical scales ordained by Pope Gregory the
Great, and named after the ancient Greek scales, as Dorian, Lydian,
etc.
 -- Gregorian telescope (Opt.), a form of reflecting telescope, named
from Prof. James Gregory, of Edinburgh, who perfected it in 1663. A
small concave mirror in the axis of this telescope, having its focus
coincident with that of the large reflector, transmits the light
received from the latter back through a hole in its center to the
eyepiece placed behind it.
 -- Gregorian year, the year as now reckoned according to the
Gregorian calendar. Thus, every year, of the current reckoning, which
is divisible by 4, except those divisible by 100 aud not by 400, has
366 days; all other years have 365 days. See Bissextile, and Note
under Style, n., 7.

GREILLADE
Greil"lade, n. (Metal.)

Defn: Iron ore in coarse powder, prepared for reduction by the
Catalan process.

GREISEN
Grei"sen, n. (Min.)

Defn: A crystalline rock consisting of quarts and mica, common in the
tin regions of Cornwall and Saxony.

GREIT
Greit, v. i.

Defn: See Greet, to weep.

GREITH
Greith, v. t. Etym: [Icel. grcta: cf. AS. gerdan to arrange; pref.
ge- + r ready. Cf. Ready.]

Defn: To make ready; -- often used reflexively. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GREITH
Greith, n. Etym: [Icel. grcii. See Greith, v.]

Defn: Goods; furniture. [Obs.]

Note: See Graith.

GREMIAL
Gre"mi*al, a. Etym: [L. gremium lap, bosom.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lap or bosom. [R.]

GREMIAL
Gre"mi*al, n.

1. A bosom friend. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. (Ecol.)

Defn: A cloth, often adorned with gold or silver lace, placed on the
bishop's lap while he sits in celebrating mass, or in ordaining
priests.

GRENADE
Gre*nade", n. Etym: [F. grenade a pomegranate, a grenade, or Sp.
granada; orig., filled with seeds. So called from the resemblanse of
its shape to a pomegranate. See Carnet, Grain a kernel, and cf.
Pomegranate.] (Min.)

Defn: A hollow ball or shell of iron filled with powder of other
explosive, ignited by means of a fuse, and thrown from the hand among
enemies. Hand grenade. (a) A small grenade of iron or glass, usually
about two and a half inches in diameter, to be thrown from the hand
into the head of a sap, trenches, covered way, or upon besiegers
mounting a breach. (b) A portable fire extinguisher consisting of a
glass bottle containing water and gas. It is thrown into the flames.
Called also fire grenade. Rampart grenades, grenades of various
sizes, which, when used, are rolled over the pararapet in a trough.

GRENADIER
Gren`a*dier", n. Etym: [F. grenadier. See Grenade.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: Originaly, a soldier who carried and threw grenades; afterward,
one of a company attached to each regiment or battalion, taking post
on the right of the line, and wearing a peculiar uniform. In modern
times, a member of a special regiment or corps; as, a grenadier of
the guard of Napoleon I. one of the regiment of Grenadier Guards of
the British army, etc.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine fish of the genus Macrurus, in which the body and
tail taper to a point; they mostly inhabit the deep sea; -- called
also onion fish, and rat-tail fish.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bright-colored South African grosbeak (Pyromelana orix),
having the back red and the lower parts black.

GRENADILLO
Gren`a*dil"lo, n. Etym: [Sp. granadillo.]

Defn: A handsome tropical American wood, much used for making flutes
and other wind instruments; -- called also Grenada cocos, or cocus,
and red ebony.

GRENADINE
Gren`a*dine", n. Etym: [F.]

1. A thin gauzelike fabric of silk or wool, for women's wear.

2. A trade name for a dyestuff, consisting essentially of impure
fuchsine.

GRENADO
Gre*na"do, n.

Defn: Same as Grenade.

GRENE
Grene, a.

Defn: Green. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GRES
Gres, n.

Defn: Grass. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GRESSORIAL; GRESSORIOUS
Gres*so"ri*al, Gres*so"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. gressus, p. p. of gradi
to step, go.] (Zool.)

Defn: Adapted for walking; anisodactylous; as the feet of certain
birds and insects. See Illust. under Aves.

GRET; GRETE
Gret, Grete (, a.

Defn: Great. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GRETTO
Gret"to, obs.

Defn: imp. of Greet, to salute.

GREVE
Greve, n.

Defn: A grove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GREW
Grew,

Defn: imp. of Grow.

GREWSOME; GRUESOME
Grew"some

Defn: , Grue"some, a. Etym: [From a word akin to Dan. gru horror,
terror + -some; cf. D. gruwzaam, G. grausam. Cf. Grisly.]

Defn: Ugly; frightful.
Grewsome sights of war. C. Kingsley.

GREY
Grey, a.

Defn: See Gray (the correct orthography).

GREYHOUND
Grey"hound`, n. Etym: [OE. graihund, greihound, greahund, grihond,
Icel. greyhundr; grey greyhound + hundr dog; cf. AS. grghund. The
origin of the first syllable is unknown.]

Defn: A slender, graceful breed of dogs, remarkable for keen sight
and swiftness. It is one of the oldest varieties known, and is
figured on the Egyptian monuments. [Written also grayhound.]

GREYLAG
Grey"lag`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Graylag.

GRIBBLE
Grib"ble, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. grib to bite.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small marine isopod crustacean (Limnoria lignorum or L.
terebrans), which burrows into and rapidly destroys submerged timber,
such as the piles of wharves, both in Europe and America.

GRICE
Grice, n. Etym: [OE. gris, grise; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. grss,
Sw. gris, Dan. grus, also Gr. , Skr. ghrshvi, boar. Cf. Grise,
Griskin.]

Defn: A little pig. [Written also grise.] [Scot.]

GRICE
Grice, n.

Defn: See Gree, a step. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

GRID
Grid, n.

Defn: A grating of thin parallel bars, similar to a gridiron.

GRIDDLE
Grid"dle, n. Etym: [OE. gredil, gredl, gridel, of Celtic origin; cf.
W. greidell, Ir. greideal, greideil, griddle, gridiron, greadaim I
burn, scorch. Cf. Gridiron.]

1. An iron plate or pan used for cooking cakes.

2. A sieve with a wire bottom, used by miners.

GRIDDLECAKE
Grid"dle*cake`, n.

Defn: A cake baked or fried on a griddle, esp. a thin batter cake, as
of buckwheat or common flour.

GRIDE
Gride, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grided; p. pr. & vb. n. Griding.] Etym:
[For gird, properly, to strike with a rod. See Yard a measure, and
cf. Grid to strike, sneer.]

Defn: To cut with a grating sound; to cut; to penetrate or pierce
harshly; as, the griding sword. Milton.
That through his thigh the mortal steel did gride. Spenser.

GRIDE
Gride, n.

Defn: A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating.
The gride of hatchets fiercely thrown. On wigwam log, and tree, and
stone. Whittier.

GRIDELIN
Grid"e*lin, n. Etym: [F. gris de lin gray of flax, flax gray.]

Defn: A color mixed of white, and red, or a gray violet. [Written
also gredaline, grizelin.] Dryden.

GRIDIRON
Grid"i`ron, n. Etym: [OE. gredire, gredirne, from tthe same source as
E. griddle, but the ending wass confused with E. iron. See Griddle.]

1. A grated iron utensil for broiling flesh and fish over coals.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: An openwork frame on which vessels are placed for examination,
cleaning, and repairs. 3. (Sport)

Defn: A football field. Gridiron pendulum. See under Pendulum.
 -- Gridiron valve (Steam Engine), a slide valve with several
parallel perforations corresponding to openings in the seat on which
the valve moves.

GRIEF
Grief, n. Etym: [OE. grief, gref, OF. grief, gref, F. grief, L.
gravis heavy; akin to Gr. , Skr. guru, Goth. karus. Cf. Barometer,
Grave, a., Grieve, Gooroo.]

1. Pain of mind on account of something in the past; mental suffering
arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of friends, misconduct of
one's self or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness.
The mother was so afflicted at the loss of a fine boy, . . . that she
died for grief of it. Addison.

2. Cause of sorrow or pain; that which afficts or distresses; trial;
grievance.
Be factious for redress of all these griefs. Shak.

3. Physical pain, or a cause of it; malady. [R.]
This grief (cancerous ulcers) hastened the end of that famous
mathematician, Mr. Harriot. Wood.
To come to grief, to meet with calamity, accident, defeat, ruin,
etc., causing grief; to turn out badly. [Colloq.]

Syn.
 -- Affiction; sorrow; distress; sadness; trial; grievance. Grief,
Sorrow, Sadness. Sorrow is the generic term; grief is sorrow for some
definite cause -- one which commenced, at least, in the past; sadness
is applied to a permanent mood of the mind. Sorrow is transient in
many cases; but the grief of a mother for the loss of a favorite
child too often turns into habitual sadness. "Grief is sometimes
considered as synonymous with sorrow; and in this case we speak of
the transports of grief. At other times it expresses more silent,
deep, and painful affections, such as are inspired by domestic
calamities, particularly by the loss of friends and relatives, or by
the distress, either of body or mind, experienced by those whom we
love and value." Cogan.See Affliction.

GRIEFFUL
Grief"ful, a.

Defn: Full of grief or sorrow. Sackvingle.

GRIEFLESS
Grief"less, a.

Defn: Without grief. Huloet.

GRIEGO
Grie"go, n.

Defn: See Greggoe.

GRIEVABLE
Griev"a*ble, a.

Defn: Lamentable. [Obs.]

GRIEVANCE
Griev"ance, n. Etym: [OF. grcvance. See Grieve, v. t.]

1. A cause of uneasiness and complaint; a wrong done and suffered;
that which gives ground for remonstrance or resistance, as arising
from injustice, tyranny, etc.; injury.

2. Grieving; grief; affliction.
The . . . grievance of a mind unreasonably yoked. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Burden; oppression; hardship; trouble.

GRIEVANCER
Griev"an*cer, n.

Defn: One who occasions a grievance; one who gives ground for
complaint. [Obs.]
Petition . . . against the bishops as grand grievancers. Fuller.

GRIEVE; GREEVE
Grieve, Greeve, n. Etym: [AS. ger. Cf. Reeve an officer.]

Defn: A manager of a farm, or overseer of any work; a reeve; a
manorial bailiff. [Scot.]
Their children were horsewhipped by the grieve. Sir W. Scott.

GRIEVE
Grieve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grieved; p. pr. & vb. n. Grieving.] Etym:
[OE. greven, OF. grever, fr. L. gravare to burden, oppress, fr.
gravis heavy. See Grief.]

1. To occasion grief to; to wound the sensibilities of; to make
sorrowful; to cause to suffer; to affect; to hurt; to try.
Grieve not the Holy Spirit of God. Eph. iv. 30.
The maidens grieved themselves at my concern. Cowper,

2. To sorrow over; as, to grieve one's fate. [R.]

GRIEVE
Grieve, v. i.

Defn: To feel grief; to be in pain of mind on account of an evil; to
sorrow; to mourn; -- often followed by at, for, or over.
Do not you grieve at this. Shak.

GRIEVER
Griev"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, grieves.

GRIEVING
Griev"ing, a.

Defn: Sad; sorrowful; causing grief.
 -- n.

Defn: The act of causing grief; the state of being grieved.
 -- Griev'ing-ly, adv. Shak.

GRIEVOUS
Griev"ous, a. Etym: [OF. grevous, grevos, LL. gravosus. See Grief.]

1. Causing grief or sorrow; painful; afflictive; hard to bear;
offensive; harmful.
The famine was grievous in the land. Gen. xii. 10.
The thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight. Gen. xxi 11.

2. Characterized by great atrocity; heinous; aggravated; flagitious;
as, a grievous sin. Gen. xviii. 20.

3. Full of, or expressing, grief; showing great sorrow or affliction;
as, a grievous cry.
 -- Griev"ous*ly, adv.
 -- Griev"ous*ness, n.

GRIFF
Griff, n. Etym: [Cf. Gripe.]

1. Grasp; reach. [Obs.]
A vein of gold ore within one spade's griff. Holland.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. griffe, G. griff, prop., a grasping.] (Weaving)

Defn: An arrangement of parallel bars for lifting the hooked wires
which raise the warp threads in a loom for weaving figured goods.
Knight.

GRIFFE
Griffe, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The offspring of a mulatto woman and a negro; also, a mulatto.
[Local, U. S.]

GRIFFIN
Grif"fin, n.

Defn: An Anglo-Indian name for a person just arrived from Europe. H.
Kingsley.

GRIFFIN; GRIFFON
Grif"fin, Grif"fon, n. Etym: [OE. griffin, griffon, griffoun, F.
griffon, fr. L. gryphus, equiv to gryps, Gr.

1. (Myth.)

Defn: A fabulous monster, half lion and half eagle. It is often
represented in Grecian and Roman works of art.

2. (Her.)

Defn: A representation of this creature as an heraldic charge.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of large vulture (Gyps fulvus) found in the
mountainous parts of Southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor; -
- called also gripe, and grype. It is supposed to be the "eagle" of
the Bible. The bearded griffin is the lammergeir. [Written also
gryphon.]

4. An English early apple.

GRIG
Grig, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. kräk little creature, reptile; or D. kriek
cricket, E. cricket.]

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) A cricket or grasshopper. [Prov. Eng.]
(b) Any small eel.
(c) The broad-nosed eel See Glut. [Prov. Eng.]

2. Heath. [Prov. Eng.] Audrey. As merry as a grig Etym: [etymology
uncertain], a saying supposed by some to be a corruption of "As merry
as a Greek; " by others, to be an allusion to the cricket.

GRIL
Gril, a. Etym: [OE. gril harsh; akin to G. grell offending the ear or
eye, shrill, dazzling, MHG. grel angry; cf. AS. gallan to provoke.]

Defn: Harah; hard; severe; stern; rough. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

GRILL
Grill, n. Etym: [F. gril. See Grill, v. t.]

1. A gridiron.
[They] make grills of [wood] to broil their meat. Cotton.

2. That which is broiled on a gridiron, as meat, fish, etc.

GRILL
Grill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Grilling.] Etym:
[F. griller, fr. gril gridiron, OF. graïl, L. craticulum for
craticula fine hurdlework, a small gridiron, dim. of crates hurdle.
See Grate, n.]

1. To broil on a grill or gridiron. Boiling of men in caldrons,
grilling them on gridirons. Marvell.

2. To torment, as if by broiling. Dickens.

GRILLADE
Gril*lade" (, n. Etym: [F. See Grill, v. t.]

Defn: The act of grilling; also, that which is grilled.

GRILLAGE
Gril"lage, n. Etym: [F.] (Hydraulic Eagin.)

Defn: A framework of sleepers and crossbeams forming a foundation in
marshy or treacherous soil.

GRILLE
Grille, a. Etym: [F. See Grill, v. t.]

Defn: A lattice or grating.
The grille which formed part of the gate. L. Oliphant.

GRILLROOM
Grill"room`, n.

Defn: A room specially fitted for broiling food, esp. one in a
restaurant, hotel, or clubhouse, arranged for prompt service.

GRILLY
Gril"ly, v. t. Etym: [See Grill, v. t.]

Defn: To broil; to grill; hence, To harass. [Obs.] Hudibras.

GRILSE
Grilse, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young salmon after its first return from the sea.

GRIM
Grim, a. [Compar. Grimmer (-mer); superl. Grimmest (.] Etym: [AS.
grim; akin to G. grimm, equiv. to G. & D. grimmig, Dan. grim, grum,
Sw. grym, Icel. grimmr, G. gram grief, as adj., hostile; cf. Gr.

Defn: Of forbidding or fear-inspiring aspect; fierce; stern; surly;
cruel; frightful; horrible.
Whose grim aspect sets every joint a-shaking. Shak
.
The ridges of grim war. Milton.

Syn.-- Fierce; ferocious; furious; horrid; horrible; frightful;
ghastly; grisly; hideous; stern; sullen; sour.

GRIMACE
Gri*mace", n. Etym: [F., prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. AS. gr mask,
specter, Ical. gr mask, hood, perh. akin to E. grin.]

Defn: A distortion of the countenance, whether habitual, from
affectation, or momentary aad occasional, to express some feeling, as
contempt, disapprobation, complacency, etc.; a smirk; a made-up face.
Moving his face into such a hideons grimace, that every feature of it
appeared under a different distortion. Addison.

Note: "Half the French words used affectedly by Melantha in Dryden's
"Marriage a-la-Mode," as innovations in our language, are now in
common usa: chagrin, double--entendre, éclaircissement, embarras,
équivoque, foible, grimace, naïvete, ridicule. All these words, which
she learns by heart to use occasionally, are now in common use." I.
Disraeli.

GRIMACE
Gri*mace", v. i.

Defn: To make grimaces; to distort one's face; to make faces. H.
Martineau.

GRIMACED
Gri*maced", a.

Defn: Distorted; crabbed.

GRIMALKIN
Gri*mal"kin, n. Etym: [For graymalkin; gray + malkin.]

Defn: An old cat, esp. a she-cat. J. Philips.

GRIME
Grime, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. grim, griim, lampblack, soot, grime, Icel.
gr mask, sort of hood, OD. grijmsel, grimsel, soot, smut, and E.
grimace.]

Defn: Foul matter; dirt, rubbed in; sullying blackness, deeply
ingrained.

GRIME
Grime, v. t.

Defn: To sully or soil deeply; to dirt. Shak.

GRIMILY
Grim"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a grimy manner.

GRIMINESS
Grim"i*ness n.

Defn: The state of being grimy.

GRIMLY
Grim"ly, a.

Defn: Grim; hideous; stern. [R.]
In glided Margaret's grimly ghost, And stood at William's feet. D.
Mallet.

GRIMLY
Grim"ly, adv.

Defn: In a grim manner; fiercely. Shak.

GRIMME
Grimme, n. Etym: [Cf. F. grimme.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African antelope (Cephalophus rufilotus) of a deep bay
color, with a broad dorsal stripe of black; -- called also
conquetoon.

GRIMNESS
Grim"ness, n. Etym: [AS. grimnes.]

Defn: Fierceness of look; sternness; crabbedness; forbiddingness.

GRIMSIR
Grim"sir, n.

Defn: A stern man. [Obs.] Burton.

GRIMY
Grim"y, a. [Compar. Grimier; superl. Grimiest.]

Defn: Full of grime; begrimed; dirty; foul.

GRIN
Grin, n. Etym: [AS. grin.]

Defn: A snare; a gin. [Obs.]
Like a bird that hasteth to his grin. Remedy of Love.

GRIN
Grin, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grinned; p. pr. & vb. n. Grinning.] Etym:
[OE. grinnen, grennen, AS. grennian, Sw. grina; akin to D. grijnen,
G. greinen, OHG. grinan, Dan. grine. Groan.]

1. To show the teeth, as a dog; to shsrl.

2. To set the teeth together and open the lips, or to open the mouth
and withdraw the lips from the teeth, so as to show them, as in
laughter, acorn, or pain.
The pangs of death do make him grin. Shak.

GRIN
Grin, v. t.

Defn: To express by grinning.
Grinned horrible a ghastly smile.Milton.

GRIN
Grin, n.

Defn: The act of closing the teeth and showing them, or of
withdrawing the lips and showing the teeth; a hard, forced, or
smeering smile. I.Watts.
He showed twenty teeth at a grin. Addison.

GRIND
Grind, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ground; p. pr. & vb. n. Grinding.] Etym:
[AS. grindan; perh. akin to L. frendere to gnash, grind. Cf. Grist.]

1. To reduce to powder by friction, as in a mill, or with the teeth;
to crush into small fragments; to produce as by the action of
millstones.
Take the millstones, and grind meal. Is. xivii. 2.

2. To wear down, polish, or sharpen, by friction; to make smooth,
sharp, or pointed; to whet, as a knife or drill; to rub against one
another, as teeth, etc.

3. To oppress by severe exactions; to harass.
To grind the subject or defraud the prince. Dryden.

4. To study hard for examination. [College Slang]

GRIND
Grind, v. i.

1. To perform the operation of grinding something; to turn the
millstones.
Send thee Into the common prison, there to grind. Milton.

2. To become ground or pulverized by friction; as, this corn grinds
well.

3. To become polished or sharpened by friction; as, glass grinds
smooth; steel grinds to a sharp edge.

4. To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate.

5. To perform hard aud distasteful service; to drudge; to study hard,
as for an examination. Farrar.

GRIND
Grind, n.

1. The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction.

2. Any severe continuous work or occupation; esp., hard and
uninteresting study. [Colloq.] T. Hughes.

3. A hard student; a dig. [College Slang]

GRINDED
Grind"ed, obs. p. p. of Grind.

Defn: Ground. Sir W. Scott.

GRINDELIA
Grin*de"li*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named after D. H. Grindel, a Russian.]
(Med.)

Defn: The dried stems and leaves of tarweed (Grindelia), used as a
remedy in asthma and bronchitis.

GRINDER
Grind"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, grinds.

2. One of the double teeth, used to grind or masticate the food; a
molar.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The restless flycatcher (Seisura inquieta) of Australia; --
called also restless thrush and volatile thrush. It makes a noise
like a scissors grinder, to which the name alludes. Grinder's asthma,
phthisis, or rot (Med.), a lung disease produced by the mechanical
irritation of the particles of steel and stone given off in the
operation of grinding.

GRINDERY
Grind"er*y, n.

Defn: Leather workers' materials. [Eng.] Grindery warehouse, a shop
where leather workers' materials and tools are kept on sale. [Eng.]

GRINDING
Grind"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Grind. Grinding frame, an English name for a cotton
spinning machine.
 -- Grinding mill. (a) A mill for grinding grain. (b) A lapidary's
lathe.

GRINDINGLY
Grind"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a grinding manner. [Colloq.]

GRINDLE
Grin"dle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bowfin; -- called also Johnny Grindle. [Local, U. S.]

GRINDLE STONE
Grin"dle stone".

Defn: A grindstone. [Obs.]

GRINDLET
Grind"let, n.

Defn: A small drain.

GRINDSTONE
Grind"stone`, n.

Defn: A flat, circular stone, revolving on an axle, for grinding or
sharpening tools, or shaping or smoothing objects. To hold, pat, or
bring one's nose to the grindstone, to oppress one; to keep one in a
condition of servitude.
They might be ashamed, for lack of courage, to suffer the
Lacedæmonians to hold their noses to the grindstone. Sir T. North.

GRINGO
Grin"go, n. [Amer. Sp., fr. Sp. gringo gibberish; cf. griego Greek,
F. grigou wretch.]

Defn: Among Spanish Americans, a foreigner, esp. an Englishman or
American; -- often used as a term of reproach.

GRINNER
Grin"ner, n.

Defn: One who grins. Addison.

GRINNINGLY
Grin"ning*ly, adv.

Defn: In a grinning manner.

GRINT
Grint,

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Grind, Etym: contr. from grindeth.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

GRINTE
Grin"te, obs.

Defn: imp. of Grin, v. i., 1.
[He] grinte with his teeth, so was he wroth. Chaucer.

GRINTING
Grint"ing, n.

Defn: Grinding. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GRIP
Grip, n. Etym: [L. gryps, gryphus. See Griffin, Grype.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The griffin. [Obs.]

GRIP
Grip, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. grip furrow, hitch, D. greb.]

Defn: A small ditch or furrow. Ray.

GRIP
Grip, v. t.

Defn: To trench; to drain.

GRIP
Grip, n. Etym: [AS. gripe. Cf. Grip, v. t., Gripe, v. t.]

1. An energetic or tenacious grasp; a holding fast; strength in
grasping.

2. A peculiar mode of clasping the hand, by which members of a secret
association recognize or greet, one another; as, a masonic grip.

3. That by which anything is grasped; a handle or gripe; as, the grip
of a sword.

4. A device for grasping or holding fast to something.

GRIP
Grip, v. t. Etym: [From Grip a grasp; or P. gripper to seize; -- of
German origin. See Gripe, v. t.]

Defn: To give a grip to; to grasp; to gripe.

GRIP CAR
Grip car.

Defn: A car with a grip to clutch a traction cable.

GRIPE
Gripe, n. Etym: [See Grype.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A vulture; the griffin. [Obs.]
Like a white hind under the gripe's sharp claws. Shak.
Gripe's egg, an alchemist's vessel. [Obs.] E. Jonson.

GRIPE
Gripe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Griped; p. pr. & vb. n. Griping.] Etym:
[AS. gripan; akin to D. grijpen, G. greifen, OHG. gr, Icel. gripa,
Sw. gripe, Dan. gribe, Goth. greipan; cf. Lith. graibyti, Russ.
grabite to plunder, Skr. grah, grabh, to seize. Cf. Grip, v. t.,
Grope.]

1. To catch with the hand; to clasp closely with the fingers; to
clutch.

2. To seize and hold fast; to embrace closely.
Wouldst thou gripe both gain and pleasure Robynson (More's Utopia).

3. To pinch; to distress. Specifically, to cause pinching and
spasmodic pain to the bowels of, as by the effects of certain
purgative or indigestible substances.
How inly sorrow gripes his soul. Shak.

GRIPE
Gripe, v. i.

1. To clutch, hold, or pinch a thing, esp. money, with a gripe or as
with a gripe.

2. To suffer griping pains. Jocke.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: To tend to come up into the wind, as a ship which, when sailing
closehauled, requires constant labor at the helm. R. H. Dana, Jr.

GRIPE
Gripe, n.

1. Grasp; seizure; fast hold; clutch.
A barren scepter in my gripe. Shak.

2. That on which the grasp is put; a handle; a grip; as, the gripe of
a sword.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: A device for grasping or holding anything; a brake to stop a
wheel.

4. Oppression; cruel exaction; affiction; pinching distress; as, the
gripe of poverty.

5. Pinching and spasmodic pain in the intestines; -- chiefly used in
the plural.

6. (Naut.)
(a) The piece of timber which terminates the keel at the fore end;
the forefoot.
(b) The compass or sharpness of a ship's stern under the water,
having a tendency to make her keep a good wind. (c) pl.

Defn: An assemblage of ropes, dead-eyes, and hocks, fastened to
ringbolts in the deck, to secure the boats when hoisted; also, broad
bands passed around a boat to secure it at the davits and prevent
swinging. Gripe penny, a miser; a niggard. D. L. Mackenzie.

GRIPEFUL
Gripe"ful, a.

Defn: Disposed to gripe; extortionate.

GRIPER
Grip"er, a.

Defn: One who gripes; an oppressor; an extortioner. Burton.

GRIPINGLY
Grip"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a griping or oppressive manner. Bacon.

GRIPMAN
Grip"man, n.

Defn: The man who manipulates a grip.

GRIPPE
Grippe, n. Etym: [F.] (Med.)

Defn: The influenza or epidemic catarrh. Dunglison.

GRIPPER
Grip"per, n.

1. One who, or that which, grips or seizes.

2. pl.

Defn: In printing presses, the fingers or nippers.

GRIPPLE
Grip"ple, n.

Defn: A grasp; a gripe. [Obs.] Spenser.

GRIPPLE
Grip"ple, a. Etym: [Dim. fr. gripe.]

Defn: Griping; greedy; covetous; tenacious. [Obs.] Spenser.

GRIPPLENESS
Grip"ple*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being gripple. [Obs.]

GRIPSACK
Grip"sack`, n.

Defn: A traveler's handbag. [Colloq.]

GRIS
Gris, a. Etym: [OF. & F., fr. LL. griseus; of German origin; cf. MHG.
gris, G. greis, hoary. Cf. Grizzle.]

Defn: Gray. [R.] Chaucer.

GRIS
Gris, n. Etym: [OF., fr. gris gray. Cf. G. grauwerk (lit. gray work)
the gray skin of the Siberian squirrel. See Gris, a.]

Defn: A costly kind of fur. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GRIS
Gris (grîs), n. sing. & pl. Etym: [See Grice a pig.]

Defn: A little pig. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

GRISAILLE
Gri"saille`, n. Etym: [F., from gris gray.]

1. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Decorative painting in gray monochrome; -- used in English
especially for painted glass.

2. A kind of French fancy dress goods. Knight.

GRISAMBER
Gris"am`ber, n. Etym: [See Ambergris.]

Defn: Ambergris. [Obs.] Milton.

GRISE
Grise (gris), n.

Defn: See Grice, a pig. [Prov. Eng.]

GRISE
Grise (gris or gres), n. Etym: [Prop. pl. of gree a step.]

Defn: A step (in a flight of stairs); a degree. [Obs.]
Every grise of fortune Is smoothed by that below. Shak.

GRISEOUS
Gris"e*ous, a. Etym: [LL. griseus. See Gris.]

Defn: Of a light color, or white, mottled with black or brown;
grizzled or grizzly. Maunder.

GRISETTE
Gri*sette", n. Etym: [F., fr. grisette a gray woolen cloth, fr. gris
gray. Grisettes were so called because they wore gray gowns made of
this stuff. See Gars.]

Defn: A French girl or young married woman of the lower class; more
frequently, a young working woman who is fond of gallantry. Sterne.

GRISKIN
Gris"kin, n. Etym: [Grise a pig + -kin.]

Defn: The spine of a hog. [Obs.]

GRISLED
Gri"sled, a. Etym: [Obs.]

Defn: See Grizzled.

GRISLINESS
Gris"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being grisly; horrid. Sir P. Sidney.

GRISLY
Gris"ly, a. Etym: [OE, grisly, grislich, AS. grislic, gryslic, fr.
gro shudder; cf. OD. grijselick horrible, OHG. grisenlch, and also
AS. gresan to frighten, and E. gruesome.]

Defn: Frightful; horrible; dreadful; harsh; as, grisly locks; a
grisly specter. "Grisly to behold." Chaucer.
A man of grisly and stern gravity. Robynson (More's Utopia).
Grisly bear. (Zoöl.) See under Grizzly.

GRISON
Gri"son, n. Etym: [F., fr. grison gray, gray-haired, gris gray. See
Gris.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A South American animal of the family Mustelidae (Galictis
vittata). It is about two feet long, exclusive of the tail. Its under
parts are black. Also called South American glutton. (b) A South
American monkey (Lagothrix infumatus), said to be gluttonous.

GRISONS
Gri"sons, n. pl. Etym: [F.] (Geog.)
(a) Inhabitants of the eastern Swiss Alps. (b) sing.

Defn: The largest and most eastern of the Swiss cantons.

GRIST
Grist, n. Etym: [AS. grist, fr. grindan. See Grind.]

1. Ground corn; that which is ground at one time; as much grain as is
carried to the mill at one time, or the meal it produces.
Get grist to the mill to have plenty in store. Tusser. Q.

2. Supply; provision. Swift.

3. In rope making, a given size of rope, common grist being a rope
three inches in circumference, with twenty yarns in each of the three
strands. Knight. All is grist that comes to his mill, all that he has
anything to do with is a source of profit. [Colloq.] -- To bring
grist to the maill, to bring profitable business into one's hands; to
be a source of profit. [Colloq.] Ayliffe.

GRISTLE
Gris"tle, n. Etym: [OE. gristel, gristil, AS. gristl; akin to OFries.
gristel, grestel. Perh. a dim. of grist but cf. OHG. krustila,
krostela. Cf. Grist.] (Anat.)

Defn: Cartilage. See Cartilage. Bacon.

GRISTLY
Gris"tly, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Consisting of, or containing, gristle; like gristle;
cartilaginous.

GRISTMILL
Grist"mill", n.

Defn: A mill for grinding grain; especially, a mill for grinding
grists, or portions of grain brought by different customers; a custom
mill.

GRIT
Grit, n. Etym: [OE, greet, greot, sand, gravel, AS. greót grit, sant,
dust; akin to OS griott, OFries. gret gravel, OHG. grioz, G. griess,
Icel. grjot, and to E. groats, grout. See Groats, Grout, and cf.
Grail gravel.]

1. Sand or gravel; rough, hard particles.

2. The coarse part of meal.

3. pl.

Defn: Grain, esp. oats or wheat, hulled and coarsely ground; in high
milling, fragments of cracked wheat smaller than groats.

4. (Geol.)

Defn: A hard, coarse-grained siliceous sandstone; as, millstone grit;
-- called also gritrock and gritstone. The name is also applied to a
finer sharp-grained sandstone; as, grindstone grit.

5. Structure, as adapted to grind or sharpen; as, a hone of good
grit.

6. Firmness of mind; invincible spirit; unyielding courage;
fortitude. C. Reade. E. P. Whipple.

GRIT
Grit, v. i.

Defn: To give forth a grating sound, as sand under the feet; to
grate; to grind.
The sanded floor that grits beneath the tread. Goldsmith.

GRIT
Grit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gritted; p. pr. &, vb. n. Gritting.]

Defn: To grind; to rub harshly together; to grate; as, to grit the
teeth. [Collog.]

GRITH
Grith, n. Etym: [AS. grith peace; akin to Icel. grid.]

Defn: Peace; security; agreement. [Obs.] Gower.

GRITROCK; GRITSTONE
Grit"rock`, Grit"stone` n. (Geol.)

Defn: See Grit, n., 4.

GRITTINESS
Grit"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being gritty.

GRITTY
Grit"ty, a.

1. Containing sand or grit; consisting of grit; caused by grit; full
of hard particles.

2. Spirited; resolute; unyielding. [Colloq., U. S.]

GRIVET
Griv"et, n. Etym: [Cf. F. grivet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A monkey of the upper Nile and Abyssinia (Cercopithecus
griseoviridis), having the upper parts dull green, the lower parts
white, the hands, ears, and face black. It was known to the ancient
Egyptians. Called also tota.

GRIZE
Grize, n.

Defn: Same as 2d Grise. [Obs.]

GRIZELIN
Griz"e*lin, a.

Defn: See Gridelin.

GRIZZLE
Griz"zle, n. Etym: [F. gris: cf. grisaille hair partly gray, fr. gris
gray. See Gris, and cf. Grisaille.]

Defn: Gray; a gray color; a mixture of white and black. Shak.

GRIZZLED
Griz"zled, a.

Defn: Gray; grayish; sprinkled or mixed with gray; of a mixed white
and black.
Grizzled hair flowing in elf locks. Sir W. Scott.

GRIZZLY
Griz"zly, a.

Defn: Somewhat gray; grizzled.
Old squirrels that turn grizzly. Bacon.
Grizzly bear (Zoöl.), a large and ferocious bear (Ursus horribilis)
of Western North America and the Rocky Mountains. It is remarkable
for the great length of its claws.

GRIZZLY
Griz"zly, n.; pl. Grizzlies (.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A grizzly bear. See under Grizzly, a.

2. pl.

Defn: In hydraulic mining, gratings used to catch and throw out large
stones from the sluices. [Local, U. S.] Raymond.

GROAN
Groan, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Groaning.] Etym:
[OE. gronen, granen, granien, AS. gr, fr. the root of grennian to
grin. *35. See 2d Grin, and cf. Grunt.]

1. To give forth a low, moaning sound in breathing; to utter a groan,
as in pain, in sorrow, or in derision; to moan.
For we . . . do groan, being burdened. 2 Cor. v. 4.
He heard the groaning of the oak. Sir W. Scott.

2. To strive after earnestly, as with groans.
Nothing but holy, pure, and clear, Or that which groaneth to be so.
Herbert.

GROAN
Groan, v. t.

Defn: To affect by groans.

GROAN
Groan, n.

Defn: A low, moaning sound; usually, a deep, mournful sound uttered
in pain or great distress; sometimes, an expression of strong
disapprobation; as, the remark was received with groans.
Such groans of roaring wind and rain. Shak.
The wretched animal heaved forth such groans. Shak.

GROANFUL
Groan"ful, a.

Defn: Agonizing; sad. [Obs.] Spenser.

GROAT
Groat, n. Etym: [LG. grote, orig., great, that is, a great piece of
coin, larger than other coins in former use. See Great.]

1. An old English silver coin, equal to four pence.

2. Any small sum of money.

GROATS
Groats, n. pl. Etym: [OE. grot, AS. gratan; akin to Icel. grautr
porridge, and to E. gritt, grout. See Grout.]

Defn: Dried grain, as oats or wheat, hulled and broken or crushed; in
high milling, cracked fragments of wheat larger than grits. Embden
groats, crushed oats.

GROBIAN
Gro"bi*an, n. [G., fr. grob rude. Cf. Gruff, a.]

Defn: A rude or clownish person; boor; lout.

GROCER
Gro"cer, n. Etym: [Formerly written grosser, orig., one who sells by
the gross, or deals by wholesale, fr. F. grossier, marchand grossier,
fr. gros large, great. See Gross.]

Defn: A trader who deals in tea, sugar, spices, coffee, fruits, and
various other commodities. Grocer's itch (Med.), a disease of the
akin, caused by handling sugar and treacle.

GROCERY
Gro"cer*y, n.; pl. Groceries. Etym: [F. grosserie wholesale. See
Grocer.]

1. The commodities sold by grocers, as tea, coffee, spices, etc.; --
in the United States almost always in the plural form, in this sense.
A deal box . . . to carry groceries in. Goldsmith.
The shops at which the best families of the neighborhood bought
grocery and millinery. Macaulay.

2. A retail grocer's shop or store. [U.s.];

GROG
Grog, n. Etym: [So named fronm "Old Grog" a nickmname given to
Admiral Vernon, in allusion to his wearing a grogram cloak in foul
weather. He is said to have been the first to dilute the rum of the
sailors (about 1745).]

Defn: A mixture of spirit and water not sweetened; hence, any
intoxicating liquor. Grog blossom, a redness on the nose or face of
persons who drink ardent spirits to excess. [Collog.]

GROGGERY
Grog"ger*y, n.; pl. Groggeries.

Defn: A grogshop. [Slang, U. S.]

GROGGINESS
Grog"gi*ness, n.

1. State of being groggy.

2. (Man.)

Defn: Tenderness or stiffness in the foot of a horse, which causes
him to move in a hobbling manner.

GROGGY
Grog"gy, a.

1. Overcome with grog; tipsy; unsteady on the legs. [Colloq.]

2. Weakened in a fight so as to stagger; -- said of pugilists. [Cant
or Slang]

3. (Man.)

Defn: Moving in a hobbling manner, owing to ten der feet; -- said of
a horse. Youatt.

GROGRAM; GROGRAN
Grog"ram, Grog"ran, n. Etym: [OF. gros-grain, lit., gros-grain, of a
coarse texture. See Gross, and Grain a kernel, and cf. Grog.]

Defn: A coarse stuff made of silk and mohair, or of coarse silk.

GROGSHOP
Grog"shop`, n.

Defn: A shop or room where strong liquors are sold and drunk; a
dramshop.

GROIN
Groin, n. Etym: [F. groin, fr. grogner to grunt, L. grunnire.]

Defn: The snout of a swine. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GROIN
Groin, v. i. Etym: [F. grogner to grunt, grumble.]

Defn: To grunt to growl; to snarl; to murmur. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Bears that groined coatinually. Spenser.

GROIN
Groin, n. Etym: [Icel. grein distinction, division, branch; akin to
Sw. gren, branch, space between the legs, Icel. greina to
distinguish, divide, Sw. grena to branch, straddle. Cf. Grain a
branch.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The line between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh,
or the region of this line; the inguen.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: The projecting solid angle formed by the meeting of two vaults,
growing more obtuse as it approaches the summit.

3. (Math.)

Defn: The surface formed by two such vaults.

4. A frame of woodwork across a beach to accumulate and retain
shingle. [Eng.] Weale.

GROIN
Groin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Groined; p. pr. & vb. n. Groining.]
(Arch.)

Defn: To fashion into groins; to build with groins.
The hand that rounded Peter's dome, And groined the aisles of
Christian Rome, Wrought in a sad sincerity. Emerson.

GROINED
Groined, a. (Arch.)

Defn: Built with groins; as, a groined ceiling; a groined vault.

GROLIER
Gro"lier`, n.

Defn: The name by which Jean Grolier de Servier (1479-1565), a French
bibliophile, is commonly known; -- used in naming a certain style of
binding, a design, etc.

Grolier binding, a book binding decorated with a pattern imitated
from those given covers of books bound for Jean Grolier, and bearing
his name and motto. --Grolier design or school, the pattern of
interlacing bars, bands, or ribbons, with little scrolls of slender
gold lines, assumed to be an imitation of the designs on Jean
Grolier's book bindings.

GROMET
Grom"et, n.

Defn: Same as Grommet.

GROMILL
Grom"ill, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Gromwell.

GROMMET
Grom"met, n. Etym: [F. gourmette curb, curb chain, fr. gourmer to
curb, thump, beat; cf. Armor. gromm a curb, gromma to curb.]

1. A ring formed by twisting on itself a single strand of an unlaid
rope; also, a metallic eyelet in or for a sail or a mailbag.
Sometimes written grummet.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A ring of rope used as a wad to hold a cannon ball in place.

GROMWELL
Grom"well, n. Etym: [Called also gromel, grommel, graymill, and gray
millet, all prob. fr. F. grmil, cf. W. cromandi.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Lithospermum (L. arvense), anciently used,
because of its stony pericarp, in the cure of gravel. The German
gromwell is the Stellera. [Written also gromill.]

GROND
Grond,

Defn: obs. imp. of Grind. Chaucer.

GRONTE
Gron"te,

Defn: obs. imp. of Groan. Chaucer.

GROOM
Groom, n. Etym: [Cf. Scot. grome, groyme, grume, gome, guym, man,
lover, OD. grom boy, youth; perh. the r is an insertion as in E.
bridegroom, and the word is the same as AS. guma man. See
Bridegroom.]

1. A boy or young man; a waiter; a servant; especially, a man or boy
who has charge of horses, or the stable. Spenser.

2. One of several officers of the English royal household, chiefly in
the lord chamberlain's department; as, the groom of the chamber; the
groom of the stole.

3. A man recently married, or about to be married; a bridegroom.
Dryden. Groom porter, formerly an officer in the English royal
household, who attended to the furnishing of the king's lodgings and
had certain privileges.

GROOM
Groom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groomed; p. pr. & vb. n. Grooming.]

Defn: To tend or care for, or to curry or clean, as a, horse.

GROOMER
Groom"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, grooms horses; especially, a brush
rotated by a flexible or jointed revolving shaft, for cleaning
horses.

GROOMSMAN
Grooms"man, n.; pl. Groomsmen (.

Defn: A male attendant of a bridegroom at his wedding; -- the
correlative of bridesmaid.

GROOPER
Groop"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Grouper.

GROOVE
Groove, n. Etym: [D. groef, groeve; akin to E. grove. See Grove.]

1. A furrow, channel, or long hollow, such as may be formed by
cutting, molding, grinding, the wearing force of flowing water, or
constant travel; a depressed way; a worn path; a rut.

2. Hence: The habitual course of life, work, or affairs; fixed
routine.
The gregarious trifling of life in the social groove. J. Morley.

3. Etym: [See Grove.] (Mining)

Defn: A shaft or excavation. [Prov. Eng.]

GROOVE
Groove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grooved; p. pr. & vb. n. Groving.]

Defn: To cut a groove or channel in; to form into channels or
grooves; to furrow.

GROOVER
Groov"er, n.

1. One who or that which grooves.

2. A miner. [Prov. Eng.] Holloway.

GROOVING
Groov"ing, n.

Defn: The act of forming a groove or grooves; a groove, or collection
of grooves.

GROPE
Grope, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groped; p. pr. & vb. n. Groping.] Etym:
[OE. gropen, gropien, grapien, AS. gr to touch, grope, fr. gr to
gripe. See Gripe.]

1. To feel with or use the hands; to handle. [Obs.]

2. To search or attempt to find something in the dark, or, as a blind
person, by feeling; to move about hesitatingly, as in darkness or
obscurity; to feel one's way, as with the hands, when one can not
see.
We grope for the wall like the blind. Is. lix. 10.
To grope a little longer among the miseries and sensualities ot a
worldly life. Buckminster.

GROPE
Grope, v. t.

1. To search out by feeling in the dark; as, we groped our way at
midnight.

2. To examine; to test; to sound. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Felix gropeth him, thinking to have a bribe. Genevan Test. (Acts
xxiv. ).

GROPER
Grop"er, n.

Defn: One who gropes; one who feels his way in the dark, or searches
by feeling.

GROPING-LY
Grop"ing-ly, adv.

Defn: In a groping manner.

GROS
Gros, n. Etym: [F. See Gross.]

Defn: A heavy silk with a dull finish; as, gros de Naples; gros de
Tours.

GROSBEAK
Gros"beak, n. Etym: [Gross + beak: cf. F. gros-bec.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of various species of finches having a large, stout beak.
The common European grosbeak or hawfinch is Coccothraustes vulgaris.

Note: Among the best known American species are the rose-breasted
(Habia Ludoviciana); the blue (Guiraca coerulea); the pine (Pinicola
enucleator); and the evening grosbeak. See Hawfinch, and Cardinal
grosbeak, Evening grosbeak, under Cardinal and Evening. [Written also
grossbeak.] Habia Ludoviciana).

GROSCHEN
Grosch"en, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: A small silver coin and money of account of Germany, worth
about two cents. It is not included in the new monetary system of the
empire.

GROSGRAIN
Gros"grain`, a. Etym: [F. Cf. Grogram.]

Defn: Of a coarse texture; -- applied to silk with a heavy thread
running crosswise.

GROSS
Gross, a. [Compar. Grosser (; superl. Grossest.] Etym: [F. gros, L.
grossus, perh. fr. L. crassus thick, dense, fat, E. crass, cf. Skr.
grathita tied together, wound up, hardened. Cf. Engross, Grocer,
Grogram.]

1. Great; large; bulky; fat; of huge size; excessively large. "A
gross fat man." Shak.
A gross body of horse under the Duke. Milton.

2. Coarse; rough; not fine or delicate.

3. Not easily aroused or excited; not sensitive in perception or
feeling; dull; witless.
Tell her of things that no gross ear can hear. Milton.

4. Expressing, Or originating in, animal or sensual appetites; hence,
coarse, vulgar, low, obscene, or impure.
The terms which are delicate in one age become gross in the next.
Macaulay.

5. Thick; dense; not attenuated; as, a gross medium.

6. Great; palpable; serious; vagrant; shameful; as, a gross mistake;
gross injustice; gross negligence.

7. Whole; entire; total; without deduction; as, the gross sum, or
gross amount, the gross weight; -- opposed to net. Gross adventure
(Law) the loan of money upon bottomry, i. e., on a mortgage of a
ship.
 -- Gross average (Law), that kind of average which falls upon the
gross or entire amount of ship, cargo, and freight; -- commonly
called general average. Bouvier. Burrill.
 -- Gross receipts, the total of the receipts, before they are
diminished by any deduction, as for expenses; -- distinguished from
net profits. Abbott.
 -- Gross weight the total weight of merchandise or goods, without
deduction for tare, tret, or waste; -- distinguished from neat, or
net, weight.

GROSS
Gross, n. Etym: [F. gros (in sense 1), grosse (in sense 2) See Gross,
a.]

1. The main body; the chief part, bulk, or mass. "The gross of the
enemy." Addison.
For the gross of the people, they are considered as a mere herd of
cattle. Burke.

2. sing. & pl.

Defn: The number of twelve dozen; twelve times twelve; as, a gross of
bottles; ten gross of pens. Advowson in gross (Law), an advowson
belonging to a person, and not to a manor.
 -- A great gross, twelve gross; one hundred and forty-four dozen.
 -- By the gross, by the quantity; at wholesale.
 -- Common in gross. (Law) See under Common, n.
 -- In the gross, In gross, in the bulk, or the undivided whole; all
parts taken together.

GROSSBEAK
Gross"beak`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Grosbeak.

GROSS-HEADED
Gross"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Thick-skulled; stupid.

GROSSIFICATION
Gross`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Gross + L. ficare (in comp.) to make.
See -fy.]

1. The act of making gross or thick, or the state of becoming so.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The swelling of the ovary of plants after fertilization.
Henslow.

GROSSLY
Gross"ly, adv.

Defn: In a gross manner; greatly; coarsely; without delicacy;
shamefully; disgracefully.

GROSSNESS
Gross"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being gross; thickness; corpulence;
coarseness; shamefulness.
Abhor the swinish grossness that delights to wound the' ear of
delicacy. Dr. T. Dwight.

GROSSULAR
Gros"su*lar, a. Etym: [NL. grossularius, from Grossularia a subgenus
of Ribes, including the gooseberry, fr. F. groseille. See
Gooseberry.]

Defn: Pertaining too, or resembling, a gooseberry; as, grossular
garnet.

GROSSULAR
Gros"su*lar, n. Etym: [See Grossular, a.] (Min.)

Defn: A translucent garnet of a pale green color like that of the
gooseberry; -- called also grossularite.

GROSSULARIA
Gros`su*la"ria, n. Etym: [NL. See Grossular.] (Min.)

Defn: Same as Grossular.

GROSSULIN
Gros"su*lin, n. Etym: [See Grossular.] (Chem.)

Defn: A vegetable jelly, resembling pectin, found in gooseberries
(Ribes Grossularia) and other fruits.

GROT
Grot, n. Etym: [F. grotte, It. grotta. See Grotto.]

Defn: A grotto. [Poetic] Milton.

GROT; GROTE
Grot, Grote (, n.

Defn: A groat. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GROTESQUE
Gro*tesque", a. Etym: [F., fr. It. grottesco, fr. grotta grotto. See
Grotto.]

Defn: Like the figures found in ancient grottoes; grottolike; wildly
or strangely formed; whimsical; extravagant; of irregular forms and
proportions; fantastic; ludicrous; antic. "Grotesque design." Dryden.
"Grotesque incidents." Macaulay.

GROTESQUE
Gro*tesque, n.

1. A whimsical figure, or scene, such as is found in old crypts and
grottoes. Dryden.

2. Artificial grotto-work.

GROTESQUELY
Gro*tesque"ly, adv.

Defn: In a grotesque manner.

GROTESQUENESS
Gro*tesque"ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being grotesque.

GROTESQUERY
Gro*tesqu"er*y, n. [Written also grotesquerie.] [From Grotesque.]

Defn: Grotesque action, speech, or manners; grotesque doings. "The
sustained grotesquery of Feather-top."  K. L. Bates.

Vileness, on the other hand, becomes grotesquerie, wonderfully
converted into a subject of laughter.
George Gissing.

GROTTO
Grot"to, n.; pl. Grottoes. Etym: [Formerly grotta, fr. It. grotta,
LL. grupta, fr. L. crypta a con cealed subterranran passage vault,
cavern, Gr. Grot, Crypt.]

Defn: A natural covered opening in the earth; a cave; also, an
artificial recess, cave, or cavernlike apartment.

GROTTO-WORK
Grot"to-work`, n.

Defn: Artificial and ornamental rockwork in imitation of a grotto.
Cowper.

GROUND
Ground, n. Etym: [OE. ground, grund, AS. grund; akin to D. grond,
OS., G., Sw., & Dan. grund, Icel. grunnr bottom, Goth. grundus (in
composition); perh. orig. meaning, dust, gravel, and if so perh. akin
to E. grind.]

1. The surface of the earth; the outer crust of the globe, or some
indefinite portion of it.
There was not a man to till the ground. Gen. ii. 5.
The fire ran along upon the ground. Ex. ix. 23.
Hence:

Defn: A floor or pavement supposed to rest upon the earth.

2. Any definite portion of the earth's surface; region; territory;
country. Hence: A territory appropriated to, or resorted to, for a
particular purpose; the field or place of action; as, a hunting or
fishing ground; a play ground.
From . . . old Euphrates, to the brook that parts Egypt from Syrian
ground. Milton.

3. Land; estate; possession; field; esp. (pl.), the gardens, lawns,
fields, etc., belonging to a homestead; as, the grounds of the estate
are well kept.
Thy next design is on thy neighbor's grounds. Dryden. 4.

4. The basis on which anything rests; foundation. Hence: The
foundation of knowledge, belief, or conviction; a premise, reason, or
datum; ultimate or first principle; cause of existence or occurrence;
originating force or agency; as, the ground of my hope.

5. (Paint. & Decorative Art)
(a) That surface upon which the figures of a composition are set, and
which relieves them by its plainness, being either of one tint or of
tints but slightly contrasted with one another; as, crimson Bowers on
a white ground. See Background, Foreground, and Middle-ground.
(b) In sculpture, a flat surface upon which figures are raised in
relief.
(c) In point lace, the net of small meshes upon which the embroidered
pattern is applied; as, Brussels ground. See Brussels lace, under
Brussels.

6. (Etching)

Defn: A gummy composition spread over the surface of a metal to be
etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is
made by the needle.

7. (Arch.)

Defn: One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which
moldings, etc., are attached; -- usually in the plural.

Note: Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated
flush with them.

8. (Mus.)
(a) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of
independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody.
(b) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song. Moore
(Encyc.).
On that ground I'll build a holy descant. Shak.

9. (Elec.)

Defn: A conducting connection with the earth, whereby the earth is
made part of an electrical circuit.

10. pl.

Defn: Sediment at the bottom of liquors or liquids; dregs; lees;
feces; as, coffee grounds.

11. The pit of a theater. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Ground angling, angling
with a weighted line without a float.
 -- Ground annual (Scots Law), an estate created in land by a vassal
who instead of selling his land outright reserves an annual ground
rent, which becomes a perpetual charge upon the land.
 -- Ground ash. (Bot.) See Groutweed.
 -- Ground bailiff (Mining), a superintendent of mines. Simmonds.
 -- Ground bait, bits of bread, boiled barley or worms, etc., thrown
into the water to collect the fish, Wallon.
 -- Ground bass or base (Mus.), fundamental base; a fundamental base
continually repeated to a varied melody.
 -- Ground beetle (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of carnivorous
beetles of the family Carabidæ, living mostly in burrows or under
stones, etc.
 -- Ground chamber, a room on the ground floor.
 -- Ground cherry. (Bot.) (a) A genus (Physalis) of herbaceous plants
having an inflated calyx for a seed pod: esp., the strawberry tomato
(P. Alkekengi). See Alkekengl. (b) A European shrub (Prunus
Chamæcerasus), with small, very acid fruit.
 -- Ground cuckoo. (Zoöl.) See Chaparral cock.
 -- Ground cypress. (Bot.) See Lavender cotton.
 -- Ground dove (Zoöl.), one of several small American pigeons of the
genus Columbigallina, esp. C. passerina of the Southern United
States, Mexico, etc. They live chiefly on the ground.
 -- Ground fish (Zoöl.), any fish which constantly lives on the
botton of the sea, as the sole, turbot, halibut.
 -- Ground floor, the floor of a house most nearly on a level with
the ground; -- called also in America, but not in England, the first
floor.
 -- Ground form (Gram.), the stem or basis of a word, to which the
other parts are added in declension or conjugation. It is sometimes,
but not always, the same as the root.
 -- Ground furze (Bot.), a low slightly thorny, leguminous shrub
(Ononis arvensis) of Europe and Central Asia,; -- called also rest-
harrow.
 -- Ground game, hares, rabbits, etc., as distinguished from winged
game.
 -- Ground hele (Bot.), a perennial herb (Veronica officinalis) with
small blue flowers, common in Europe and America, formerly thought to
have curative properties.
 -- Ground of the heavens (Astron.), the surface of any part of the
celestial sphere upon which the stars may be regarded as projected.
 -- Ground hemlock (Bot.), the yew (Taxus baccata var. Canadensisi)
of eastern North America, distinguished from that of Europe by its
low, straggling stems.
 -- Ground hog. (Zoöl.) (a) The woodchuck or American marmot
(Arctomys monax). See Woodchuck. (b) The aardvark.
 -- Ground hold (Naut.), ground tackle. [Obs.] Spenser.
 -- Ground ice, ice formed at the bottom of a body of water before it
forms on the surface.
 -- Ground ivy. (Bot.) A trailing plant; alehoof. See Gill.
 -- Ground joist, a joist for a basement or ground floor; a. sleeper.
 -- Ground lark (Zoöl.), the European pipit. See Pipit.
 -- Ground laurel (Bot.). See Trailing arbutus, under Arbutus.
 -- Ground line (Descriptive Geom.), the line of intersection of the
horizontal and vertical planes of projection.
 -- Ground liverwort (Bot.), a flowerless plant with a broad flat
forking thallus and the fruit raised on peduncled and radiated
receptacles (Marchantia polymorpha).
 -- Ground mail, in Scotland, the fee paid for interment in a
churchyard.
 -- Ground mass (Geol.), the fine-grained or glassy base of a rock,
in which distinct crystals of its constituents are embedded.
 -- Ground parrakeet (Zoöl.), one of several Australian parrakeets,
of the genera Callipsittacus and Geopsittacus, which live mainly upon
the ground.
 -- Ground pearl (Zoöl.), an insect of the family Coccidæ (Margarodes
formicarum), found in ants' nests in the Bahamas, and having a shelly
covering. They are strung like beads, and made into necklaces by the
natives.
 -- Ground pig (Zoöl.), a large, burrowing, African rodent (Aulacodus
Swinderianus) about two feet long, allied to the porcupines but with
harsh, bristly hair, and no spines; -- called also ground rat.
 -- Ground pigeon (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of pigeons which
live largely upon the ground, as the tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus
strigirostris), of the Samoan Islands, and the crowned pigeon, or
goura. See Goura, and Ground dove (above).
 -- Ground pine. (Bot.) (a) A blue-flowered herb of the genus Ajuga
(A. Chamæpitys), formerly included in the genus Teucrium or
germander, and named from its resinous smell. Sir L. Hill. (b) A
long, creeping, evergreen plant of the genus Lycopodium (L.
clavatum); -- called also club moss. (c) A tree-shaped evergreen
plant about eight inches in height, of the same genus (L.
dendroideum) found in moist, dark woods in the northern part of the
United States. Gray.
 -- Ground plan (Arch.), a plan of the ground floor of any building,
or of any floor, as distinguished from an elevation or perpendicular
section.
 -- Ground plane, the horizontal plane of projection in perspective
drawing.
 -- Ground plate. (a) (Arch.) One of the chief pieces of framing of a
building; a timber laid horizontally on or near the ground to support
the uprights; a ground sill or groundsel. (b) (Railroads) A bed plate
for sleepers or ties; a mudsill. (c) (Teleg.) A metallic plate buried
in the earth to conduct the electric current thereto. Connection to
the pipes of a gas or water main is usual in cities. Knight.
 -- Ground plot, the ground upon which any structure is erected;
hence, any basis or foundation; also, a ground plan.
 -- Ground plum (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Astragalus caryocarpus)
occurring from the Saskatchewan to Texas, and having a succulent
plum-shaped pod.
 -- Ground rat. (Zoöl.) See Ground pig (above).
 -- Ground rent, rent paid for the privilege of building on another
man's land.
 -- Ground robin. (Zoöl.) See Chewink.
 -- Ground room, a room on the ground floor; a lower room. Tatler.
 -- Ground sea, the West Indian name for a swell of the ocean, which
occurs in calm weather and without obvious cause, breaking on the
shore in heavy roaring billows; -- called also rollers, and in
Jamaica, the North sea.
 -- Ground sill. See Ground plate (a) (above).
 -- Ground snake (Zoöl.), a small burrowing American snake (Celuta
amoena). It is salmon colored, and has a blunt tail.
 -- Ground squirrel. (Zoöl.) (a) One of numerous species of burrowing
rodents of the genera Tamias and Spermophilus, having cheek pouches.
The former genus includes the Eastern striped squirrel or chipmunk
and some allied Western species; the latter includes the prairie
squirrel or striped gopher, the gray gopher, and many allied Western
species. See Chipmunk, and Gopher. (b) Any species of the African
genus Xerus, allied to Tamias.
 -- Ground story. Same as Ground floor (above).
 -- Ground substance (Anat.), the intercellular substance, or matrix,
of tissues.
 -- Ground swell. (a) (Bot.) The plant groundsel. [Obs.] Holland. (b)
A broad, deep swell or undulation of the ocean, caused by a long
continued gale, and felt even at a remote distance after the gale has
ceased.
 -- Ground table. (Arch.) See Earth table, under Earth.
 -- Ground tackle (Naut.), the tackle necessary to secure a vessel at
anchor. Totten.
 -- Ground thrush (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of bright-colored
Oriental birds of the family Pittidæ. See Pitta.
 -- Ground tier. (a) The lowest tier of water casks in a vessel's
hold. Totten. (b) The lowest line of articles of any kind stowed in a
vessel's hold. (c) The lowest range of boxes in a theater.
 -- Ground timbers (Shipbuilding) the timbers which lie on the keel
and are bolted to the keelson; floor timbers. Knight.
 -- Ground tit. (Zoöl.) See Ground wren (below).
 -- Ground wheel, that wheel of a harvester, mowing machine, etc.,
which, rolling on the ground, drives the mechanism.
 -- Ground wren (Zoöl.), a small California bird (Chamæa fasciata)
allied to the wrens and titmice. It inhibits the arid plains. Called
also gronnd tit, and wren lit.
 -- To bite the ground, To break ground. See under Bite, Break.
 -- To come to the ground, To fall to the ground, to come to nothing;
to fail; to miscarry.
 -- To gain ground. (a) To advance; to proceed forward in confict;
as, an army in battle gains ground. (b) To obtain an advantage; to
have some success; as, the army gains ground on the enemy. (c) To
gain credit; to become more prosperous or influential.
 -- To get, or To gather, ground, to gain ground. [R.] "Evening mist
. . . gathers ground fast." Milton.
There is no way for duty to prevail, and get ground of them, but by
bidding higher. South.
-- To give ground, to recede; to yield advantage.
These nine . . . began to give me ground. Shak.
--To lose ground, to retire; to retreat; to withdraw from the
position taken; hence, to lose advantage; to lose credit or
reputation; to decline.
 -- To stand one's ground, to stand firm; to resist attack or
encroachment. Atterbury.
 -- To take the ground to touch bottom or become stranded; -- said of
a ship.

GROUND
Ground, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Grounding.]

1. To lay, set, or run, on the ground.

2. To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle;
to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly.
Being rooted and grounded in love. Eph. iii. 17.
So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a God,
would, on the contrary, ground even an argument to his negation. Sir
W. Hamilton

3. To instruct in elements or first principles.

4. (Elec.)

Defn: To connect with the ground so as to make the earth a part of an
electrical circuit.

5. (Fine Arts)

Defn: To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching (see
Ground, n., 5); or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as
a preparation for ornament.

GROUND
Ground, v. i.

Defn: To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed; as, the
ship grounded on the bar.

GROUND
Ground,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Grind. Ground cock, a cock, the plug of which
is ground into its seat, as distinguished from a compression cock.
Knight.
 -- Ground glass, glass the transparency of which has been destroyed
by having its surface roughened by grinding.
 -- Ground joint, a close joint made by grinding together two pieces,
as of metal with emery and oil, or of glass with fine sand and water.

GROUNDAGE
Ground"age, n.

Defn: A local tax paid by a ship for the ground or space it occupies
while in port. Bouvier.

GROUNDEDLY
Ground"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a grounded or firmly established manner. Glanvill.

GROUNDEN
Ground"en, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Grind. Chaucer.

GROUNDING
Ground"ing, n.

Defn: The act, method, or process of laying a groundwork or
foundation; hence, elementary instruction; the act or process of
applying a ground, as of color, to wall paper, cotton cloth, etc.; a
basis.

GROUNDLESS
Ground"less, a. Etym: [AS. grundleás bottomless.]

Defn: Without ground or foundation; wanting cause or reason for
support; not authorized; false; as, groundless fear; a groundless
report or assertion.
 -- Ground"less*ly, adv.
 -- Ground"less*ness, n.

GROUNDLING
Ground"ling, n. Etym: [Ground + -ling.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish that keeps at the bottom of the water, as the loach.

2. A spectator in the pit of a theater, which formerly was on the
ground, and without floor or benches.
No comic buffoon to make the groundlings laugh. Coleridge.

GROUNDLY
Ground"ly, adv.

Defn: Solidly; deeply; thoroughly. [Obs.]
Those whom princes do once groundly hate, Let them provide to die as
sure us fate. Marston.

GROUNDNUT
Ground"nut`, n. (Bot.)
(a) The fruit of the Arachis hypogæa (native country uncertain); the
peanut; the earthnut.
(b) A leguminous, twining plant (Apios tuberosa), producing clusters
of dark purple flowers and having a root tuberous and pleasant to the
taste.
(c) The dwarf ginseng (Aralia trifolia). [U. S.] Gray.
(d) A European plant of the genus Bunium (B. flexuosum) having an
edible root of a globular shape aud sweet, aromatic taste; -- called
also earthnut, earth chestnut, hawknut, and pignut.

GROUNDSEL
Ground"sel, n. Etym: [OE. grundswilie, AS. gpundeswylige,
grundeswelge, earlier gundiswilge; gund matter, pus + swelgan to
swallow. So named as being good for a running from the eye. See
Swallow, v.] (Bot.)

Defn: An annual composite plant (Senecio vulgaris) one of the most
common, and widely distributed weeds on the globe.

GROUNDSEL
Ground"sel, n. Etym: [Ground + sill.]

Defn: See Ground

GROUNDSILL
Ground"sill`

Defn:

GROUNDWORK
Ground"work`, n.

Defn: That which forms the foundation or support of anything; the
basis; the essential or fundamental part; first principle. Dryden.

GROUP
Group, n. Etym: [F groupe, It. gruppo, groppo, cluster, bunch,
packet, group; of G. origin: cf. G. krepf craw, crop, tumor, bunch.
See Crop, n.]

1. A cluster, crowd, or throng; an assemblage, either of persons or
things, collected without any regular form or arrangement; as, a
group of men or of trees; a group of isles.

2. An assemblage of objects in a certain order or relation, or having
some resemblance or common characteristic; as, groups of strata.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: A variously limited assemblage of animals or planta, having
some resemblance, or common characteristics in form or structure. The
term has different uses, and may be made to include certain species
of a genus, or a whole genus, or certain genera, or even several
orders.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A number of eighth, sixteenth, etc., notes joined at the stems;
-- sometimes rather indefinitely applied to any ornament made up of a
few short notes.

GROUP
Group, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grouped; p. pr. & vb. n. Grouping.] Etym:
[Cf. F. grouper. See Group, n.]

Defn: To form a group of; to arrange or combine in a group or in
groups, often with reference to mutual relation and the best effect;
to form an assemblage of.
The difficulty lies in drawing and disposing, or, as the painters
term it, in grouping such a multitude of different objects. Prior.
Grouped columns (Arch.), three or moro columns placed upon the same
pedestal.

GROUPER
Group"er, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Garbupa.]
(Zoöl.)
(a) One of several species of valuable food fishes of the genus
Epinephelus, of the family Serranidæ, as the red grouper, or brown
snapper (E. morio), and the black grouper, or warsaw (E. nigritus),
both from Florida and the Gulf of Mexico.
(b) The tripletail (Lobotes).
(c) In California, the name is often applied to the rockfishes.
[Written also groper, gruper, and trooper.]

GROUPING
Group"ing, n. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The disposal or relative arrangement of figures or objects, as
in, drawing, painting, and sculpture, or in ornamental design.

GROUSE
Grouse, n. sing. & pl. Etym: [Prob. after the analogy of mouse, mice,
fr. the earlier grice, OF. griesche meor hen: cf. F. piegrièche
shrike.] (Zoöl.

Defn: ) Any of the numerous species of gallinaceous birds of the
family Tetraonidæ, and subfamily Tetraoninæ, inhabiting Europe, Asia,
and North America. They have plump bodies, strong, well-feathered
legs, and usually mottled plumage. The group includes the ptarmigans
(Lagopus), having feathered feet.

Note: Among the European species are the red grouse (Lagopus
Scoticus) and the hazel grouse (Bonasa betulina). See Capercaidzie,
Ptarmigan, and Heath grouse. Among the most important American
species are the ruffed grouse, or New England partridge (Bonasa
umbellus); the sharp-tailed grouse (Pediocætes phasianellus) of the
West; the dusky blue, or pine grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) of the
Rocky Mountains; the Canada grouse, or spruce partridge (D.
Canadensis). See also Prairie hen, and Sage cock. The Old World sand
grouse (Pterocles, etc.) belong to a very different family. See
Pterocletes, and Sand grouse.

GROUSE
Grouse, v. i.

Defn: To seek or shoot grouse.

GROUSER
Grou"ser, n.

Defn: (Dredging, Pile Driving, etc.) A pointed timber attached to a
boat and sliding vertically, to thrust into the ground as a means of
anchorage.

GROUT
Grout, n. Etym: [AS. grut; akin to grytt, G. grütze, griess, Icel.
grautr, Lith. grudas corn, kernel, and Z. groats.]

1. Coarse meal; ground malt; pl. groats.

2. Formerly, a kind of beer or ale. [Eng.]

3. pl.

Defn: Lees; dregs; grounds. [Eng.] "Grouts of tea." Dickens.

4. A thin, coarse mortar, used for pouring into the joints of masonry
and brickwork; also, a finer material, used in finishing the best
ceilings. Gwilt.

GROUT
Grout, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grouting.]

Defn: To fill up or finish with grout, as the joints between stones.

GROUTHEAD
Grout"head`, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Growthead.

GROUTING
Grout"ing, n.

Defn: The process of filling in or finishing with grout; also, the
grout thus filled in. Gwilt.

GROUTNOL
Grout"nol, n. Etym: [See Groat, and Noll, n.] [Obs.]

Defn: Same as Growthead. Beau. & Fl.

GROUTY
Grout"y, a.

Defn: Cross; sulky; sullen. [Colloq.]

GROVE
Grove, n. Etym: [AS. graf, fr. grafan to dig.

Defn: The original sense seems to have been a lane cut through trees.
See Grave, v., and cf. Groove.] A smaller group of trees than a
forest, and without underwood, planted, or growing naturally as if
arranged by art; a wood of small extent.

Note: The Hebrew word Asherah, rendered grove in the Authorized
Version of the Bible, is left untranslated in the Revised Version.
Almost all modern interpreters agree that by Asherah an idol or image
of some kind is intended.

GROVEL
Grov"el, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groveled or Grovelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Groveling or Grovelling.] Etym: [From OE. grovelinge, grufelinge,
adv., on the face, prone, which was misunderstood as a p. pr.; cf.
OE. gruf, groff, in the same sense; of Scand. origin, cf. Icel.
grufa, in a grufu on the face, prone, grufa to grovel.]

1. To creep on the earth, or with the face to the ground; to lie
prone, or move uneasily with the body prostrate on the earth; to lie
fiat on one's belly, expressive of abjectness; to crawl.
To creep and grovel on the ground. Dryden.

2. To tend toward, or delight in, what is sensual or base; to be low,
abject, or mean.

GROVELER
Grov"el*er, n.

Defn: One who grovels; an abject wretch. [Written also groveller.]

GROVELING
Grov"el*ing, a.

Defn: Lying prone; low; debased. [Written also grovelling.] "A
groveling creature." Cowper.

GROVY
Grov"y, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a grove; situated in, or
frequenting, groves. Dampier.

GROW
Grow, v. i. [imp. Grew; p. p. Grown (; p. pr. & vb. n. Growing.]
Etym: [AS. grawan; akin to D. groeijen, Icel. groa, Dan. groe, Sw.
gro. Cf. Green, Grass.]

1. To increase in size by a natural and organic process; to increase
in bulk by the gradual assimilation of new matter into the living
organism; -- said of animals and vegetables and their organs.

2. To increase in any way; to become larger and stronger; to be
augmented; to advance; to extend; to wax; to accrue.
Winter began to grow fast on. Knolles.
Even just the sum that I do owe to you Is growing to me by
Antipholus. Shak.

3. To spring up and come to matturity in a natural way; to be
produced by vegetation; to thrive; to flourish; as, rice grows in
warm countries.
Where law faileth, error groweth. Gower.

4. To pass from one state to another; to result as an effect from a
cause; to become; as, to grow pale.
For his mind Had grown Suspicion's sanctuary. Byron.

5. To become attached of fixed; to adhere.
Our knees shall kneel till to the ground they grow. Shak.
Growing cell, or Growing slide, a device for preserving alive a
minute object in water continually renewed, in a manner to permit its
growth to be watched under the microscope.
 -- Grown over, covered with a growth.
 -- To grow out of, to issue from, as plants from the soil, or as a
branch from the main stem; to result from.
These wars have grown out of commercial considerations. A. Hamilton.
-- To grow up, to arrive at full stature or maturity; as, grown up
children.
 -- To grow together, to close and adhere; to become united by
growth, as flesh or the bark of a tree severed. Howells.

Syn.
 -- To become; increase; enlarge; augment; improve; expand; extend.

GROW
Grow, v. t.

Defn: To cause to grow; to cultivate; to produce; as, to grow a crop;
to grow wheat, hops, or tobacco. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- To raise; to cultivate. See Raise, v. t., 3.

GROWABLE
Grow"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of growth.

GROWAN
Grow"an, n. Etym: [Cf. Arm. grouan gravel, Corn. grow gravel, sand.]
(Mining.)

Defn: A decomposed granite, forming a mass of gravel, as in tin lodes
in Cornwall.

GROWER
Grow"er, n.

Defn: One who grows or produces; as, a grower of corn; also, that
which grows or increases; as, a vine may be a rank or a slow grower.

GROWL
Growl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Growled; p. pr. & vb. e. Growling.] Etym:
[D. grollen to grunt, murmur, be angry; akin to G. grollen to be
angry.]

Defn: To utter a deep guttural sound, sa an angry dog; to give forth
an angry, grumbling sound. Gay.

GROWL
Growl, v. t.

Defn: To express by growling. Thomson.

GROWL
Growl, n.

Defn: The deep, threatening sound made by a surly dog; a grumbling
sound.

GROWLER
Growl"er, n.

1. One who growls.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The large-mouthed black bass. [Local]

3. A four-wheeled cab. [Slang, Eng.]

GROWLINGLY
Growl"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a growling manner.

GROWN
Grown,

Defn: p. p. of Grow.

GROWSE
Growse, v. i. Etym: [Cf. gruesome, grcwsome, and G. grausen to make
shudder, shiver.]

Defn: To shiver; to have chills. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ray.

GROWTH
Growth, n. Etym: [Icel. groGrow.]

1. The process of growing; the gradual increase of an animal or a
vegetable body; the development from a seed, germ, or root, to full
size or maturity; increase in size, number, frequency, strength,
etc.; augmentation; advancement; production; prevalence or influence;
as, the growth of trade; the growth of power; the growth of
intemperance. Idle weeds are fast in growth. Shak.

2. That which has grown or is growing; anything produced; product;
consequence; effect; result.
Nature multiplies her fertile growth. Milton.

GROWTHEAD
Growt"head`, n. Etym: [Lit., greathead.]

Defn: A lazy person; a blockhead. [Obs.] Tusser.

GROWTHFUL
Growth"ful, a.

Defn: Having capacity of growth. [R.] J. Hamilton.

GROYNE
Groyne, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Groin.

GROZING IRON
Gro"zing i"ron.

1. A tool with a hardened steel point, formerly used instead of a
diamond for cutting glass.

2. (Plumbing)

Defn: A tool for smoothing the solder joints of lead pipe. Knight.

GRUB
Grub, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grubbed, p. pr. & vb. n. Grubbing (.] Etym:
[OE. grubbin., cf. E. grab, grope.]

1. To dig in or under the ground, generally for an object that is
difficult to reach or extricate; to be occupied in digging.

2. To drudge; to do menial work. Richardson.

GRUB
Grub, v. t.

1. To dig; to dig up by the roots; to root out by digging; --
followed by up; as, to grub up trees, rushes, or sedge.
They do not attempt to grub up the root of sin. Hare.

2. To supply with food. [Slang] Dickens.

GRUB
Grub, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of an insect, especially of a beetle; -- called also
grubworm. See Illust. of Goldsmith beetle, under Goldsmith.
Yet your butterfly was a grub. Shak.

2. A short, thick man; a dwarf. [Obs.] Carew.

3. Victuals; food. [Slang] Halliwell. Grub ax or axe, a kind of
mattock used in grubbing up roots, etc.
 -- Grub breaker. Same as Grub hook (below).
 -- Grub hoe, a heavy hoe for grubbing.
 -- Grub hook, a plowlike implement for uprooting stumps, breaking
roots, etc.
 -- Grub saw, a handsaw used for sawing marble.
 -- Grub Street, a street in London (now called Milton Street),
described by Dr. Johnson as "much inhabited by writers of small
histories, dictionaries, and temporary poems, whence any mean
production is called grubstreet." As an adjective, suitable to, or
resembling the production of, Grub Street.
I 'd sooner ballads write, and grubstreet lays. Gap.

GRUBBER
Grub"ber, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, grubs; especially, a machine or tool of
the nature of a grub ax, .grub hook, etc.

GRUBBLE
Grub"ble, v. t. & i. Etym: [Freq. of grub, but cf. grabble.]

Defn: To feel or grope in the dark. [Obs.] Dryden.

GRUBBY
Grub"by, a. Etym: [From Grub.]

Defn: Dirty; unclean. [Colloq.]
The grubby game of marbles. Lond. Sat. Rev.

GRUBBY
Grub"by, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Cottus; a sculpin. [Local, U. S.]

GRUBWORM
Grub"worm, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Grub, n., 1.
And gnats and grubworms crowded on his view. C. Smart.

GRUCCHE
Grucche, v. i. Etym: [See Grudge.]

Defn: To murmur; to grumble. [Obs.]
What aileth you, thus for grucche and groan. Chaucer.

GRUDGE
Grudge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grudger; p. pr. & vb. n. Grudging.] Etym:
[OE. grutchen, gruchen, grochen, to murmur, grumble, OF. grochier,
grouchier, grocier, groucier; cf. Icel. krytja to murmur, krutr a
murmur, or E. grunt.]

1. To look upon with desire to possess or to appropriate; to envy
(one) the possession of; to begrudge; to covet; to give with
reluctance; to desire to get back again; -- followed by the direct
object only, or by both the direct and indirect objects.
Tis not in thee To grudge my pleasures, to cut off my train. Shak.
I have often heard the Presbyterians say, they did not grudge us our
employments. Swift.
They have grudged us contribution. Shak.

2. To hold or harbor with malicioua disposition or purpose; to
cherish enviously. [Obs.]
Perish they That grudge one thought against your majesty ! Shak.

GRUDGE
Grudge, v. i.

1. To be covetous or envious; to show discontent; to murmur; to
complain; to repine; to be unwilling or reluctant.
Grudge not one against another. James v. 9.
He eats his meat without grudging. Shak.

2. To feel compunction or grief. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher.

GRUDGE
Grudge, n.

1. Sullen malice or malevolence; cherished malice, enmity, or
dislike; ill will; an old cause of hatred or quarrel.
Esau had conceived a mortal grudge and eumity against hie brother
Jacob. South.
The feeling may not be envy; it may not be imbittered by a grudge. I.
Taylor.

2. Slight symptom of disease. [Obs.]
Our shaken monarchy, that now lies . . . struggling againat the
grudges of more dreaded calamities. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Pique; aversion; dislike; ill will; hatred; spite. See Pique.

GRUDGEFUL
Grudge"ful, a.

Defn: Full of grudge; envious. "Grudgeful discontent." Spenser.

GRUDGEONS; GURGEONS
Grud"geons, Gur"geons (, n. pl. Etym: [Prob. from P. grugir to
craunch; cf. D. gruizen to crush, grind, and E. grout.]

Defn: Coarse meal. [Obs.]

GRUDGER
Grudg"er, n.

Defn: One who grudges.

GRUDGINGLY
Grudg"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a grudging manner.

GRUDGINGNESS
Grudg"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of grudging, or of being full of grudge or
unwillingness.

GRUEL
Gru"el, n. Etym: [OF. gruel, F. gruau; of German origin; cf. OHG.
gruzzi groats, G. grütze, As. grut. See Grout.]

Defn: A light, liquid food, made by boiling meal of maize, oatmeal,
or fiour in water or milk; thin porridge.

GRUELLY
Gru"el*ly, a.

Defn: Like gruel; of the consistence of gruel.

GRUESOME
Grue"some, a.

Defn: Same as Grewsome. [Scot.]

GRUF
Gruf, adv. Etym: [Cf. Grovel.]

Defn: Forwards; with one's face to the ground. [Obs.]
They fellen gruf, and cryed piteously. Chaucer.

GRUFF
Gruff, a. [Compar. Gruffer (; superl. Gruffest.] Etym: [D. grof; akin
to G. grob, OHG. gerob, grob, Dan. grov, Sw. grof, perh. akin to AS.
rcófan to break, Z. reavc, rupture, g- standing for the AS. prefix
ge-, Goth. ga-.]

Defn: Of a rough or stern manner, voice, or countenance; sour; surly;
severe; harsh. Addison.
Gruff, disagreeable, sarcastic remarks. Thackeray.
-- Gruff"ly, adv.
 -- Gruff"ness, n.

GRUGRU PALM
Gru"gru palm". (Bot.)

Defn: A West Indian name for several kinds of palm. See Macaw tree,
under Macaw. [Written also grigri palm.]

GRUGRU WORM
Gru"gru worm". (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva or grub of a large South American beetle (Calandra
palmarum), which lives in the pith of palm trees and sugar cane. It
is eaten by the natives, and esteemed a delicacy.

GRUM
Grum, a. Etym: [Cf. Dan. grum furious, Sw. grym, AS. gram, and E.
grim, and grumble.

1. Morose; severe of countenance; sour; surly; glum; grim. "Nick
looked sour and grum." Arbuthnof.

2. Low; deep in the throat; guttural; rumbling; as,

GRUMBLE
Grum"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grunbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Grumbling.]
Etym: [Cf. LG. grummeln, grumman, D. grommelen, grommen, and F.
grommeler, of German origin; cf. W. grwm, murmur, grumble, surly. sq.
root35. Cf. Grum, Grim.]

1. To murmur or mutter with discontent; to make ill-natured
complaints in a low voice and a surly manner.
L'Avare, not using half his store, Still grumbles that he has no
more. Prior.

2. To growl; to snarl in deep tones; as, a lion grumbling over his
prey.

3. To rumble; to make a low, harsh, and heavy sound; to mutter; as,
the distant thunder grumbles.

GRUMBLE
Grum"ble, v. t.

Defn: To express or utter with grumbling.

GRUMBLE
Grum"ble, n.

1. The noise of one that grumbles.

2. A grumbling, discontented disposition.
A bad case of grumble. Mrs. H. H. Jacksn.

GRUMBLER
Grum"bler, n.

Defn: One who grumbles.

GRUMBLINGLY
Grum"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a grumbling manner.

GRUME
Grume, n. Etym: [OF. grume, cf. F. grumeau a little heap, clot of
blood, dim. fr. L. grumus.]

Defn: A thick, viscid fluid; a clot, as of blood. Quincy.

GRUMLY
Grum"ly, adv.

Defn: In a grum manner.

GRUMOSE
Gru*mose", a. (Bot.)

Defn: Clustered in grains at intervals; grumous.

GRUMOUS
Gru"mous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. grumeleux. See Grume.]

1. Resembling or containing grume; thick; concreted; clotted; as,
grumous blood.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: See Grumose.

GRUMOUSNESS
Gru"mous*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being grumous.

GRUMPILY
gRUMPI*LY, ADV.

Defn: In a surly manner; sullenly. [Colloq.]

GRUMPY
gRUMPY, a. Etym: [Cf. Grumblle, and Grum.]

Defn: Surly; dissatisfied; grouty. [Collog.] Ferby.

GRUNDEL
Grun"del, n. Etym: [See Groundling.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A groundling (fish). [Prov. Eng.]

GRUNDSEL
Grundsel, n.

Defn: Grounsel. [Obs.]

GRUNDYISM
Grun"dy*ism, n.

Defn: Narrow and unintelligent conventionalism. -- Grun"dy*ist, n.

GRUNT
Grunt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grunting.] Etym:
[OE. grunten; akin to As. grunian, G. grunzen, Dan. grynte, Sw.
grymta; all prob. of imitative; or perh. akin to E. groan.]

Defn: To make a deep, short noise, as a hog; to utter a short groan
or a deep guttural sound.
Who would fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life. Shak.
Grunting ox (Zoöl.), the yak.

GRUNT
Grunt, n.

1. A deep, guttural sound, as of a hog.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of American food fishes, of the
genus Hæmulon, allied to the snappers, as, the black grunt (A.
Plumieri), and the redmouth grunt (H. aurolineatus), of the Southern
United States; -- also applied to allied species of the genera
Pomadasys, Orthopristis, and Pristopoma. Called also pigfish,
squirrel fish, and grunter; -- so called from the noise it makes when
taken.

GRUNTER
Grunt"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, grunts; specifically, a hog. "Bristled
grunters." Tennyson.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several American marine fishes. See Sea robin, and
Grunt, n., 2.

3. (Brass Founding)

Defn: A hook used in lifting a crucible.

GRUNTINGLY
Grunt"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a grunting manner.

GRUNTLE
Grun"tle, v. i. Etym: [Freq. of grunt.]

Defn: To grunt; to grunt repeatedly. [Obs.]

GRUNTLING
Grunt"ling, n.

Defn: A young hog.

GRUTCH
Grutch, v.

Defn: See Grudge. [Obs.] Hudibras.

GRUYERE CHEESE
Gru"yère` cheese

Defn: '' (Gruyère, Switzerland. It is a firm cheese containing
numerous cells, and is known in the United States as Schweitzerkäse.

GRY
Gry, n. Etym: [Gr

1. A measure equal to one tenth of a line. [Obs.] Locke.

2. Anything very small, or of little value. [R.]

GRYDE
Gryde, v. i.

Defn: To gride. See Gride. Spenser.

GRYFON
Gryf"on, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Griffin. Spenser.

GRYLLUS
Gryl"lus, n. Etym: [L., locust.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of insects including the common crickets.

GRYPE
Grype, v. t.

Defn: To gripe. [Obs.] See Gripe. Spenser.

GRYPE
Grype, n. Etym: [Gr. gry`f, grypo`s, griffin. See Griffin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A vulture; the griffin. [Written also gripe.] [Obs.]

GRYPHAEA
Gry*phæ"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. I gryphus, or qryps, gen. gryphis, a
griffin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of cretaceous fossil shells allied to the oyster.

GRYPHITE
Gryph"ite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. gryphite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A shell of the genus Gryphea.

GRYPHON
Gryph"on, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The griffin vulture.

GRYSBOK
Grys"bok n. Etym: [D. grijs gray + bok buck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South African antelope (Neotragus melanotis). It is
speckled with gray and chestnut, above; the under parts are reddish
fawn.

GUACHARO
Gua*cha"ro, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. guácharo sickly, dropsical, guacharaca
a sort of bird.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A nocturnal bird of South America and Trinidad (Steatornis
Caripensis, or S. steatornis); -- called also oilbird.

Note: It resembles the goatsuckers and nighthawks, but feeds on
fruits, and nests in caverns. A pure oil, used in place of butter, is
extracted from the young by the natives.

GUACHO
Gua"cho, n.; pl. Guachos ( Etym: [Spanish American.]

1. One of the mixed-blood (Spanish-Indian) inhabitants of the pampas
of South America; a mestizo.

2. An Indian who serves as a messenger.

GUACO
Gua"co, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Bot.)
(a) A plant (Aristolochia anguicida) of Carthagena, used as an
antidote to serpent bites. Lindley.
(b) The Mikania Guaco, of Brazil, used for the same purpose.

GUAIAC
Gua"iac, a. Etym: [See Guaiacum.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, guaiacum.
 -- n. Guaiacum.

GUAIACOL
Guai"a*col, n.  [Guaiacum + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless liquid, C7H8O2, with a peculiar odor. It is the
methyl ether of pyrocatechin, and is obtained by distilling guaiacum
from wood-tar creosote, and in other ways. It has been used in
treating pulmonary tuberculosis.

GUAIACUM
Gua"ia*cum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Sp. guayaco, from native name in
Hayti.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of small, crooked trees, growing in tropical America.

2. The heart wood or the resin of the Guaiacum offinale or lignum-
vitæ, a large tree of the West Indies and Central America. It is much
used in medicine. [Written also guaiac.]

GUAN
Guan, n. ((Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of many species of large gallinaceous birds of Certal
and South America, belonging to Penelope, Pipile, Ortalis, and allied
genera. Several of the species are often domesticated.

GUANA
Gua"na, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Iguana.

GUANACO
Gua*na"co, n.; pl. Guanacos. Etym: [Sp. guanaco, Peruv. huanacu. Cf.
Huanaco.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American mammal (Auchenia huanaco), allied to the
llama, but of larger size and more graceful form, inhabiting the
southern Andes and Patagonia. It is supposed by some to be the llama
in a wild state. [Written also huanaco.]

GUANIDINE
Gua"ni*dine, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A strongly alkaline base, CN3H5, formed by the oxidation of
guanin, and also obtained combined with methyl in the decomposition
of creatin. Boiled with dilute sulphuric acid, it yields urea and
ammonia.

GUANIFEROUS
Gua*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Guano + -ferous.]

Defn: Yielding guano. Ure.

GUANIN
Gua"nin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline substance (C5H5N5O) contained in guano. It is
also a constituent of the liver, pancreas, and other glands in
mammals.

GUANO
Gua"no, n.; pl. Guanos. Etym: [Sp. guano, fr. Peruv. huanu dung.]

Defn: A substance found in great abundance on some coasts or islands
frequented by sea fowls, and composed chiefly of their excrement. It
is rich in phosphates and ammonia, and is used as a powerful
fertilizer.

GUARA
Gua"ra, n. Etym: [Braz. guará.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The scarlet ibis. See Ibis.
(b) A large-maned wild dog of South America (Canis jubatus) -- named
from its cry.

GUARANA
Gua"ra*na`, n. Etym: [Pg.] (Med.)

Defn: A preparation from the seeds of Paullinia sorbilis, a woody
climber of Brazil, used in making an astringent drink, and also in
the cure of headache.

GUARANINE
Gua"ra*nine`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid extracted from guarana. Same as Caffeine.

GUARANTEE
Guar`an*tee", n.; pl. Guarantees. Etym: [For guaranty, prob.
influenced by words like assignee, lessee, etc. See Guaranty, and cf.
Warrantee.]

1. In law and common usage: A promise to answer for the payment of
some debt, or the performance of some duty, in case of the failure of
another person, who is, in the first instance, liable to such payment
or performance; an engagement which secures or insures another
against a contingency; a warranty; a security. Same as Guaranty.
His interest seemed to be a guarantee for his zeal. Macaulay.

2. One who binds himself to see an undertaking of another performed;
a guarantor. South.

Note: Guarantor is the correct form in this sense.

3. (Law)

Defn: The person to whom a guaranty is made; -- the correlative of
guarantor.

Syn.
 -- Guarantee, Warranty. A guarantee is an engagement that a certain
act will be done or not done in future. A warranty is an engagement
as to the qualities or title of a thing at the time of the
engagement.

GUARANTEE
Guar"an*tee`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. guaranteed; p, pr. & vb. n.
Guaranteeing.] Etym: [From Guarantee, n.]

Defn: In law and common usage: to undertake or engage for the payment
of (a debt) or the performance of (a duty) by another person; to
undertake to secure (a possession, right, claim, etc.) to another
against a specified contingency, or at all avents; to give a
guarantee concerning; to engage, assure, or secure as a thing that
may be depended on; to warrant; as, to guarantee the execution of a
treaty.
The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a
republican form of government. Constitution of the U. S.

GUARANTOR
Guar"an*tor`, n. Etym: [See Guaranty, and cf. Warrantor.] (Law)
(a) One who makes or gives a guaranty; a warrantor; a surety.
(b) One who engages to secure another in any right or possession.

GUARANTY
Guar"an*ty, n.; pl. Guaranies. Etym: [OF. guarantie, garantie, F.
garantie, OF. guarantir, garantir, to warrant, to guaranty, E.
garantir, fr. OF. guarant, garant, a warranter, F. garant; of German
origin, and from the same word as warranty. See Warrant, and cf.
Warranty, Guarantee.]

Defn: In law and common usage: An undertaking to answer for the
payment of some debt, or the performance of some contract or duty, of
another, in case of the failure of such other to pay or perform; a
guarantee; a warranty; a security.

GUARANTY
Guar"an*ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guarantied; p. pr. & vb. n.
Guarantying.] Etym: [From Guaranty, n.]

Defn: In law and common usage: To undertake or engage that another
person shall perform (what he hass stipulated); to undertake to be
answerable for (the debt or default of another); to engage to answer
for the performance of (some promise or duty by another) in case of a
failure by the latter to perform; to undertake to secure (something)
to another, as in the case of a contingency. See Guarantee, v. t.

Note: Guaranty agrees in form with warranty. Both guaranty and
guarantee are well authorized by legal writers in the United States.
The prevailing spelling, at least for the verb, is guarantee.

GUARD
Guard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guarded; p. pr. &, vb. n. Gurding.] Etym:
[OF. guarder, garder, warder, F. garder, fr. OHG. wart to be on the
watch, await, G. marten. See Ward, v. & n., and cf. Guard, n.]

1. To protect from danger; to secure against surprise, attack, or
injury; to keep in safety; to defend; to shelter; to shield from
surprise or attack; to protect by attendance; toaccompany for
protection; to vare for.
For Heaven still guards the right. Shak.

2. To keep watch over, in order to prevent escape or restrain from
acts of violence, or the like.

3. To protect the edge of, esp. with an ornamental border; hence, to
face or ornament with lists, laces, etc.
The body of your discourse it sometime guarded with fragments, and
the guards are but slightly basted on neither. Shak.

4. To fasten by binding; to gird. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Syn.
 -- To defend, protect, shield; keep; watch.

GUARD
Guard (gärd), v. i.

Defn: To watch by way of caution or defense; to be caution; to be in
a state or position of defense or safety; as, careful persons guard
against mistakes.

GUARD
Guard, n. Etym: [OF. guarde, F. garde; of German origin; cf. OHG.
wart, marto, one who watches, mata a watching, Goth. wardja watchman.
See Guard, v. t.]

1. One who, or that which, guards from injury, danger, exposure, or
attack; defense; protection.
His greatness was no guard to bar heaven's shaft. Shak.

2. A man, or body of men, stationed to protect or control a person or
position; a watch; a sentinel.
The guard which kept the door of the king's house. Kings xiv. 27.

3. One who has charge of a mail coach or a railway train; a
conductor. [Eng.]

4. Any fixture or attachment designed to protect or secure against
injury, soiling, or defacement, theft or loss; as:
(a) That part of a sword hilt which protects the hand.
(b) Ornamental lace or hem protecting the edge of a garment.
(c) A chain or cord for fastening a watch to one's person or dress.
(d) A fence or rail to prevent falling from the deck of a vessel.
(e) An extension of the deck of a vessel beyond the hull; esp., in
side-wheel steam vessels, the framework of strong timbers, which
curves out on each side beyond the paddle wheel, and protects it and
the shaft against collision.
(f) A plate of metal, beneath the stock, or the lock frame, of a gun
or pistol, having a loop, called a bow, to protect the trigger.
(g) (Bookbinding) An interleaved strip at the back, as in a scrap
book, to guard against its breaking when filled.

5. A posture of defense in fencing, and in bayonet and saber
exercise.

6. An expression or admission intended to secure against objections
or censure.
They have expressed themselves with as few guards and restrictions as
I. Atterbury.

7. Watch; heed; care; attention; as, to keep guard.

8. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fibrous sheath which covers the phragmacone of the
Belemnites.

Note: Guard is often used adjectively or in combination; as, guard
boat or guardboat; guardroom or guard room; guard duty. Advanced
guard, Coast guard, etc. See under Advanced, Coast, etc.
 -- Grand guard (Mil.), one of the posts of the second line belonging
to a system of advance posts of an army. Mahan.
 -- Guard boat. (a) A boat appointed to row the rounds among ships of
war in a harbor, to see that their officers keep a good lookout. (b)
A boat used by harbor authorities to enforce the observance of
quarantine regulations.
 -- Guard cells (Bot.), the bordering cells of stomates; they are
crescent-shaped and contain chlorophyll.
 -- Guard chamber, a guardroom.
 -- Guard detail (Mil.men from a company regiment etc., detailed for
guard duty.
 -- Guard duty (Mil.), the duty of watching patrolling, etc.,
performed by a sentinel or sentinels.
 -- Guard lock (Engin.), a tide lock at the mouth of a dock or basin.
 -- Guard of honor (Mil.), a guard appointed to receive or to
accompany eminent persons.
 -- Guard rail (Railroads), a rail placed on the inside of a main
rail, on bridges, at switches, etc., as a safeguard against
derailment.
 -- Guard ship, a war vessel appointed to superintend the marine
affairs in a harbor, and also, in the English service, to receive
seamen till they can be distributed among their respective ships.
 -- Life guard (Mil.), a body of select troops attending the person
of a prince or high officer.
 -- Off one's guard, in a careless state; inattentive; unsuspicious
of danger.
 -- On guard, serving in the capacity of a guard; doing duty as a
guard or sentinel; watching.
 -- On one's guard, in a watchful state; alert; vigilant.
 -- To mount guard (Mil.), to go on duty as a guard or sentinel.
 -- To run the guard, to pass the watch or sentinel without leave.

Syn.
 -- Defense; shield; protection; safeguard; convoy; escort; care;
attention; watch; heed.

GUARDABLE
Guard"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gardable. See Guard, v. t.]

Defn: Capable of being guarded or protected.

GUARDAGE
Guard"age, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. wardage. See Guard, v. t.]

Defn: Wardship [Obs.] Shak.

GUARDANT
Guard"ant, a. Etym: [OF. guardant, p. pr. of guard. See Guard, v. t.]

1. Acting as guardian. [Obs.] Shak.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Gardant.

GUARDANT
Guard"ant, n.

Defn: A guardian. [Obs.] Shak.

GUARDED
Guard"ed, a.

Defn: Cautious; wary; circumspect; as, he was guarded in his
expressions; framed or uttered with caution; as, his expressions were
guarded.
 -- Guard"edly, adv.
 -- Guard"ed*ness, n.

GUARDENAGE
Guard"en*age, n.

Defn: Guardianship. [Obs. & R.] " His tuition and guardenage."
Holland.

GUARDER
Guard"er, n.

Defn: One who guards.

GUARDFISH
Guard"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The garfish.

GUARDFUL
Guard"ful, a.

Defn: Cautions; wary; watchful. [Obs. or Poetic.] -- Guard"ful*ly,
adv.

GUARDHOUSE
Guard"house`, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A building which is occupied by the guard, and in which
soldiers are confined for misconduct; hence, a lock-up.

GUARDIAN
Guard"i*an, n. Etym: [OF. guardain, gardien, F. gardien, LL.
guardianus. See Guard, v. t., and cf. Wasden.]

1. One who guards, preserves, or secures; one to whom any person or
thing is committed for protection, security, or preservation from
injury; a warden.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who has, or is entitled to, the custody of the person or
property of an infant, a minor without living parents, or a person
incapable of managing his own affairs.
Of the several species of guardians, the first are guardians by
nature.
 -- viz., the father and (in some cases) the mother of the child.
Blockstone.
Guardian ad litem ( (Law), a guardian appointed by a court of justice
to conduct a particular suit.
 -- Guardians of the poor, the members of a board appointed or
elected to care for the relief of the poor within a township, or
district.

GUARDIAN
Guard"i*an, a.

Defn: Performing, or appropriate to, the office of a protector; as, a
guardian care. Feast of Guardian Angels (R. C. Ch.) a church festival
instituted by Pope Paul V., and celebrated on October 2d.
 -- Guardian angel. (a) The particular spiritual being believed in
some branches of the Christian church to have guardianship and
protection of each human being from birth. (b) Hence, a protector or
defender in general. O. W. Holmes.
 -- Guardian spirit, in the belief of many pagan nations, a spirit,
often of a deceased relative or friend, that presides over the
interests of a household, a city, or a region.

GUARDIANAGE
Guard"i*an*age, n.

Defn: Guardianship. [Obs.]

GUARDIANCE
Guard"i*ance, n.

Defn: Guardianship. [Obs.]

GUARDIANESS
Guard"i*an*ess, n.

Defn: A female guardian.
I have placed a trusty, watchful guardianess. Beau. & Fl.

GUARDIANLESS
Guard"i*an*less, a.

Defn: Without a guardian. Marston.

GUARDIANSHIP
Guard"i*an*ship, n.

Defn: The office, duty, or care, of a guardian; protection; care;
watch.

GUARDLESS
Guard"less, a.

Defn: Without a guard or defense; unguarded. Chapman.

GUARDROOM
Guard"room`, n. (Mil.)

Defn: The room occupied by the guard during its term of duty; also, a
room where prisoners are confined.

GUARDS
Guards (gärdz), n. pl.

Defn: A body of picked troops; as, "The Household Guards."

GUARDSHIP
Guard"ship, n.

Defn: Care; protection. [Obs.] Swift.

GUARDSMAN
Guards"man, n.; pl. Guardsmen (.

1. One who guards; a guard.

2. A member, either officer or private, of any military body called
Guards.

GUARISH
Guar"ish, v. t. Etym: [OF. guarir, garir, F. guérir.]

Defn: To heal. [Obs.] Spenser.

GUATEMALA GRASS
Gua`te*ma"la grass". (Bot.)

Defn: See Teosinte.

GUAVA
Gua"va, n. Etym: [Sp. guayaba the guava fruit, guayabo the guava
tree; prob. fr. the native West Indian name.]

Defn: A tropical tree, or its fruit, of the genus Psidium. Two
varieties are well known, the P. pyriferum, or white guava, and P.
pomiferum, or red guava. The fruit or berry is shaped like a
pomegranate, but is much smaller. It is somewhat astringent, but
makes a delicious jelly.

GUBERNANCE
Gu"ber*nance, n.

Defn: Government. [Obs.]

GUBERNATE
Gu"ber*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. gubernatus, p. p. of gubernare. See
Govern.]

Defn: To govern. [Obs.] Cockeram.

GUBERNATION
Gu"ber*na`tion, n. Etym: [L. gubernatio.]

Defn: The act of governing; government [Obs.] I. Watts.

GUBERNATIVE
Gu"ber*na*tive, a.

Defn: Governing. [Obs.]

GUBERNATORIAL
Gu"ber*na*to`ri*al, a. Etym: [L. gubernator governor. See Gabernate.]

Defn: Pertaining to a governor, or to government.

GUDGEON
Gud"geon, n. Etym: [OE. gojon, F. goujon, from L. gobio, or gob, Gr.
1st Goby. ]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European freshwater fish (Gobio fluviatilis), allied to
the carp. It is easily caught and often used for food and for bait.
In America the killifishes or minnows are often called gudgeons.

2. What may be got without skill or merit.
Fish not, with this melancholy bait, For this fool gudgeon, this
opinion. Shak.

3. A person easily duped or cheated. Swift.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: The pin of iron fastened in the end of a wooden shaft or axle,
on which it turns; formerly, any journal, or pivot, or bearing, as
the pintle and eye of a hinge, but esp. the end journal of a
horizontal.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: A metal eye or socket attached to the sternpost to receive the
pintle of the rudder. Ball gudgeon. See under Ball.

GUDGEON
Gud"geon, v. t.

Defn: To deprive fraudulently; to cheat; to dupe; to impose upon.
[R.]
To be gudgeoned of the opportunities which had been given you. Sir
IV. Scott.

GUE
Gue, n.

Defn: A sharper; a rogue. [Obs.] J. Webstar.

GUEBER; GUEBRE
Gue"ber Gue"bre, n.

Defn: Same as Gheber.

GUELDERROSE
Guel"der*rose, n. Etym: [Supposed to be brought from Guelderland;
hence, D. Geldersche roos, G. Gelderische rose, F. rose de Gueldre,
It. rose di Gueldra, Sp. rosa de Gueldres.] (Bot.)

Defn: A cultivated variety of a species of Viburnum (V. Opulus),
bearing large bunches of white flowers; -- called also snowball tree.

GUELPH; GUELF
Guelph, Guelf, n. Etym: [It. Guelfo, from Welf, the name of a German
family.] (Hist.)

Defn: One of a faction in Germany and Italy, in the 12th and 13th
centuries, which supported the House of Guelph and the pope, and
opposed the Ghibellines, or faction of the German emperors.

GUELPHIC; GUELFIC
Guelph"ic, Guelf"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the family or the facttion of the Guelphs.

GUENON
Guenon", n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several long-tailed Oriental monkeys, of the genus
Cercocebus, as the green monkey and grivet.

GUEPARDE
Gue`parde", n. Etym: [Cf. F. guépard.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cheetah.

GUERDON
Guer"don, n. Etym: [OF. guerdon, guerredon, LL. widerdonum
(influenced by L. donum gift, cf. Donation ), fr. OHG. widarl; widar
again, against (G. wider wieder) + lon reward, G. lohn, akin to AS.
leán Goth. laun. See Withers.]

Defn: A reward; requital; recompense; -- used in both a good and a
bad sense. Macaulay.
So young as to regard men's frown or smile As loss or guerdon of a
glorious lot. Byron.
He shall, by thy revenging hand, at once receive the just guerdon of
all his former villainies. Knolles.

GUERDON
Guer"don, v. t. Etym: [OF. guerdonner, guerredonner. See Guerdon, n.]

Defn: To give guerdon to; to reward; to be a recompense for. [R.]
Him we gave a costly bribe To guerdon silence. Tennyson.

GUERDONABLE
Guer"don*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. guerredonable.]

Defn: Worthy of reward. Sir G. Buck.

GUERDONLESS
Guer"don*less, a.

Defn: Without reward or guerdon.

GUEREZA
Gue*re"za, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beautiful Abyssinian monkey (Colobus guereza), having the
body black, with a fringe of long, silky, white hair along the sides,
and a tuft of the same at the end of the tail. The frontal band,
cheeks, and chin are white.

GUERILLA
Gue*ril"la, a.

Defn: See Guerrilla.

GUERITE
Guer"ite, n. Etym: [F. guérite.] (Fort.)

Defn: A projecting turret for a sentry, as at the salient angles of
works, or the acute angles of bastions.

GUERNSEY LILY
Guern"sey lil"y. (Bot.)

Defn: A South African plant (Nerine Sarniensis) with handsome
lilylike flowers, naturalized on the island of Guernsey.

GUERRILLA
Guer*ril"la, n. Etym: [Sp., lit., a little war, skirmish, dim. of
guerra war, fr. OHG. werra discord, strife. See War.]

1. An irregular mode of carrying on war, by the constant attacks of
independent bands, adopted in the north of Spain during the
Peninsular war.

2. One who carries on, or assists in carrying on, irregular warfare;
especially, a member of an independent band engaged in predatory
excursions in war time.

Note: The term guerrilla is the diminutive of the Spanish word
guerra, war, and means petty war, that is, war carried on by detached
parties; generally in the mountains. . . . A guerrilla party means,
an irregular band of armed men, carrying on an irregular war, not
being able, according to their character as a guerrilla party, to
carry on what the law terms a regular war. F. Lieder.

GUERRILLA
Guer*ril"la, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or engaged in, warfare carried on irregularly
and by independent bands; as, a guerrilla party; guerrilla warfare.

GUESS
Guess, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guessed; p. pr. & vb. n. Guessing.] Etym:
[OE. gessen; akin to Dan. gisse, Sw. gissa, Icel. gizha, D. gissen:
cf. Dan. giette to guess, Icel. geta to get, to guess. Probably
originally, to try to get, and akin to E. get. See Get.]

1. To form an opinion concerning, without knowledge or means of
knowledge; to judge of at random; to conjecture.
First, if thou canst, the harder reason guess. Pope.

2. To judge or form an opinion of, from reasons that seem
preponderating, but are not decisive.
We may then guess how far it was from his design. Milton.
Of ambushed men, whom, by their arms and dress, To be Taxallan
enemies I guess. Dryden.

3. To solve by a correct conjecture; to conjecture rightly; as, he
who guesses the riddle shall have the ring; he has guessed my
designs.

4. To hit upon or reproduce by memory. [Obs.]
Tell me their words, as near as thou canst guess them. Shak.

5. To think; to suppose; to believe; to imagine; -- followed by an
objective clause.
Not all together; better far, I guess, That we do make our entrance
several ways. Shak.
But in known images of life I guess The labor greater. Pope.

Syn.
 -- To conjecture; suppose; surmise; suspect; divine; think; imagine;
fancy.
 -- To Guess, Think, Reckon. Guess denotes, to attempt to hit upon at
random; as, to guess at a thing when blindfolded; to conjecture or
form an opinion on hidden or very slight grounds: as, to guess a
riddle; to guess out the meaning of an obscure passage. The use of
the word guess for think or believe, although abundantly sanctioned
by good English authors, is now regarded as antiquated and
objectionable by discriminating writers. It may properly be branded
as a colloguialism and vulgarism when used respecting a purpose or a
thing about which there is no uncertainty; as, I guess I 'll go to
bed.

GUESS
Guess, v. i.

Defn: To make a guess or random judgment; to conjecture; -- with at,
about, etc
This is the place, as well as I may guess. Milton.

GUESS
Guess, n.

Defn: An opinion as to anything, formed without sufficient or
decisive evidence or grounds; an attempt to hit upon the truth by a
random judgment; a conjecture; a surmise.
A poet must confess His art 's like physic -- but a happy guess.
Dryden.

GUESSABLE
Guess"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being guessed.

GUESSER
Guess"er, n.

Defn: One who guesses; one who forms or gives an opinion without
means of knowing.

GUESSINGLY
Guess"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of conjecture. Shak.

GUESSIVE
Guess"ive, a.

Defn: Conjectural. [Obs.] Feltham.

GUESS ROPE
Guess" rope". (Naut.)

Defn: A guess warp.

GUESS WARP
Guess" warp". (Naut.)

Defn: A rope or hawser by which a vessel is towed or warped along; --
so called because it is necessary to guess at the length to be
carried in the boat making the attachment to a distant object.

GUESSWORK
Guess"work`, n.

Defn: Work performed, or results obtained, by guess; conjecture.

GUEST
Guest, n. Etym: [OE. gest, AS. gæst, gest; akin to OS., D., & G.
gust, Icel gestr, Sw. gäst, Dan. Gjäst, Goth. gast, Russ. goste, and
to L. hostis enemy, stranger; the meaning stranger is the older one,
but the root is unknown. Cf. Host an army, Hostile.]

1. A visitor; a person received and entertained in one's house or at
one's table; a visitor entertained without pay.
To cheer his gueste, whom he had stayed that night. Spenser.
True friendship's laws are by this rule exprest. Welcome the coming,
speed the parting guest. Pope.

GUEST
Guest, v. t.

Defn: To receive or entertain hospitably. [Obs.] Sylvester.

GUEST
Guest, v. i.

Defn: To be, or act the part of, a guest. [Obs.]
And tell me, best of princes, who he was That guested here so late.
Chapman.

GUEST ROPE
Guest" rope". (Naut.)

Defn: The line by which a boat makes fast to the swinging boom. Ham.
Nav. Encyc.

GUESTWISE
Guest"wise", adv.

Defn: In the manner of a guest.

GUEVI
Gue"vi, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several very small species and varieties of African
antelopes, of the genus Cephalophus, as the Cape guevi or kleeneboc
(C. pyg. mæa); -- called also pygmy antelope.

GUFFAW
Guf*faw" (, n.

Defn: A loud burst of laughter, a horse laugh. "A hearty low guffaw."
Carlyle.

GUFFER
Guf"fer, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The eelpout; guffer eel.

GUGGLE
Gug"gle, v. i.

Defn: See Gurgle.

GUHR
Guhr, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: A loose, earthy deposit from water, found in the cavities or
clefts of rocks, mostly white, but sometimes red or yellow, from a
mixture of clay or ocher. P. Cleaveland.

GUIAC
Gui"ac, n.

Defn: Same as Guaiac.

GUIACOL
Gui"a*col, n. Etym: [Guiac + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless liquid, C6H4,OCH3.OH, resembling the phenols, found
as a constituent of woodtar creosote, aud produced by the dry
distillation of guaiac resin.

GUIACUM
Gui"a*cum, n.

Defn: Same as Guaiacum.

GUIB
Guib, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African antelope (Tragelaphus scriptus), curiously
marked with white stripes and spots on a reddish fawn ground, and
hence called harnessed antelope; -- called also guiba.

GUICOWAR
Gui"co*war, n.

Defn: [Mahratta gaekwar, prop., a cowherd.] The title of the
sovereign of Guzerat, in Western India; -- generally called the
Guicowar of Baroda, which is the capital of the country.

GUIDABLE
Guid"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being guided; willing to be guided or counseled.
Sprat.

GUIDAGE
Guid"age, n. Etym: [See Guide.]

1. The reward given to a guide for services. [R.] Ainsworth.

2. Guidance; lead; direction. [R.] Southey.

GUIDANCE
Guid"ance, n. Etym: [See Guide.]

Defn: The act or result of guiding; the superintendence or assistance
of a guide; direction; government; a leading.
His studies were without guidance and without plan. Macaulay.

GUIDE
Guide, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guided; p. pr. & vb. n. Guiding.] Etym:
[OE. guiden, gyden, F. guiaer, It. guidare; prob. of Teutonic origin;
cf. Goth. ritan to watch over, give heed to, Icel. viti signal, AS.
witan to know. The word prob. meant, to indicate, point to, and
hence, to show the way. Cf. Wit, Guy a rope, Gye.]

1. To lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a course or path; to
pilot; as, to guide a traveler.
I wish . . . you 'ld guide me to your sovereign's court. Shak.

2. To regulate and manage; to direct; to order; to superintend the
training or education of; to instruct and influence intellectually or
morally; to train.
He will guide his affairs with discretion. Ps. cxii. 5.
The meek will he guide in judgment. Ps. xxv. 9.

GUIDE
Guide, n. Etym: [OE. giae, F. guide, It. guida. See Guide, v. t.]

1. A person who leads or directs another in his way or course, as in
a strange land; one who exhibits points of interest to strangers; a
conductor; also, that which guides; a guidebook.

2. One who, or that which, directs another in his conduct or course
of lifo; a director; a regulator.
He will be our guide, even unto death. Ps. xlviii. 14.

3. Any contrivance, especially one having a directing edge, surface,
or channel, for giving direction to the motion of anything, as water,
an instrument, or part of a machine, or for directing the hand or
eye, as of an operator; as:
(a) (Water Wheels) A blade or channel for directing the flow of water
to the wheel buckets. (b) (Surgery)

Defn: A grooved director for a probe or knife.
(c) (Printing) A strip or device to direct the compositor's eye to
the line of copy he is setting.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A noncommissioned officer or soldier placed on the directiug
flank of each subdivision of a column of troops, or at the end of a
line, to mark the pivots, formations, marches, and alignments in
tactics. Farrow. Guide bar (Mach.), the part of a steam engine on
which the crosshead slides, and by which the motion of the piston rod
is kept parallel to the cylinder, being a substitute for the parallel
motion; -- called also guide, and slide bar.
 -- Guide block (Steam Engine), a block attached in to the crosshead
to work in contact with the guide bar.
 -- Guide meridian. (Surveying) See under Meridian.
 -- Guide pile (Engin.), a pile driven to mark a place, as a point to
work to.
 -- Guide pulley (Mach.), a pulley for directing or changing the line
of motion of belt; an idler. Knight.
 -- Guide rail (Railroads), an additional rail, between the others,
gripped by horizontal driving wheels on the locomotive, as a means of
propulsion on steep gradients.

GUIDEBOARD
Guide"board`, n.

Defn: A board, as upon a guidepost having upon it directions or
information as to the road. Lowell.

GUIDEBOOK
Guide"book`, n.

Defn: A book of directions and information for travelers, tourists,
etc.

GUIDELESS
Guide"less, a.

Defn: Without a guide. Dryden.

GUIDEPOST
Guide"post`, n.

Defn: A post at the fork of a road, with a guideboard on it, to
direct travelers.

GUIDER
Guid"er, n.

Defn: A guide; a director. Shak.

GUIDERESS
Guid"er*ess, n.

Defn: A female guide. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GUIDE ROPE
Guide rope. (Aëronautics)

Defn: A rope hung from a balloon or dirigible so as trail along the
ground for about half its length, used to preserve altitude
automatically, by variation of the length dragging on the ground,
without loss of ballast or gas.

GUIDGUID
Guid"guid`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American ant bird of the genus Hylactes; -- called also
barking bird.

GUIDON
Gui"don, n. Etym: [F. guidon, It. guidone. See Guide, v. t.]

1. A small flag or streamer, as that carried by cavalry, which is
broad at one end and nearly pointed at the other, or that used to
direct the movements of a body of infantry, or to make signals at
sea; also, the flag of a guild or fraternity. In the United States
service, each company of cavalry has a guidon.
The pendants and guidons were carried by the officer of the army.
Evelyn.

2. One who carries a flag. Johnson.

3. One of a community established at Rome, by Charlemagne, to guide
pilgrims to the Holy Land.

GUIGE
Guige, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Gige.

GUILD
Guild, n. Etym: [OE. gilds, AS. gild, gield, geld, tribute, a society
or company where payment was made for its charge and support, fr. AS.
gildan, gieldan, to pay. See Yield, v. t.]

1. An association of men belonging to the same class, or engaged in
kindred pursuits, formed for mutual aid and protection; a business
fraternity or corporation; as, the Stationers' Guild; the
Ironmongers' Guild. They were originally licensed by the government,
and endowed with special privileges and authority.

2. A guildhall. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. A religious association or society, organized for charitable
purposes or for assistance in parish work.

GUILDABLE
Guild"a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to a tax. [Obs.]

GUILDER
Guil"der, n. Etym: [D. gulden, orig., golden. Cf. Golden.]

Defn: A Dutch silver coin worth about forty cents; -- called also
florin and gulden.

GUILDHALL
Guild"hall`, n.

Defn: The hall where a guild or corporation usually assembles; a
townhall.

GUILE
Guile, n. Etym: [OE. guile, gile, OF. guile; of German origin, and
the same word as E. wile. See Wile.]

Defn: Craft; deceitful cunning; artifice; duplicity; wile; deceit;
treachery.
Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile. John i. 47.
To wage by force or guile eternal war. Milton.

GUILE
Guile, v. t. Etym: [OF. guiler. See Guile, n.]

Defn: To disguise or conceal; to deceive or delude. [Obs.] Spenser.

GUILEFUL
Guile"ful, a.

Defn: Full of guile; characterized by cunning, deceit, or treachery;
guilty.
 -- Guile"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Guile"ful*ness, n.

GUILELESS
Guile"less, a.

Defn: Free from guile; artless.
 -- Guile"less*ly, adv. Guile"less*ness, n.

GUILLEMET
Guil"le*met`, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A quotation mark. [R.]

GUILLEMOT
Guil"le*mot`, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several northern sea birds, allied to the auks. They
have short legs, placed far back, and are expert divers and swimmers.

Note: The common guillemots, or murres, belong to the genus Uria (as
U. troile); the black or foolish guillemot (Cepphus grylle, formerly
Uria grylle), is called also sea pigeon and eligny. See Murre.

GUILLEVAT
Guil`le*vat" [], n. Etym: [F. guilloire (fr. guiller to work,
ferment)+ E. vat.]

Defn: A vat for fermenting liquors.

GUILLOCHE
Guil"loche`, n. Etym: [F. guillochis; -- said to be fr. Guillot, the
inventor of a machine for carving it.] (Arch.)

Defn: An ornament in the form of two or more bands or strings twisted
over each other in a continued series, leaving circular openings
which are filled with round ornaments.

GUILLOCHED
Guil*loched", a.

Defn: Waved or engine-turned. Mollett.

GUILLOTINE
Guil"lo*tine`, n. Etym: [F., from Guillotin, a French physician, who
proposed, in the Constituent Assembly of 1789, to abolish
decapitation with the ax or sword. The instrument was invented by Dr.
Antoine Louis, and was called at first Louison or Louisette. Similar
machines, however, were known earlier.]

1. A machine for beheading a person by one stroke of a heavy ax or
blade, which slides in vertical guides, is raised by a cord, and let
fall upon the neck of the victim.

2. Any machine or instrument for cutting or shearing, resembling in
its action a guillotine.

GUILLOTINE
Guil"lo*tine`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guillotined; p. pr. & vb. n.
Guillotining.] Etym: [Cf. F. guillotiner.]

Defn: To behead with the guillotine.

GUILOR
Guil"or, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. guileor.]

Defn: A deceiver; one who deludes, or uses guile. [Obs.] Spenser.

GUILT
Guilt, n. Etym: [OE. gilt, gult, AS. gylt, crime; probably originally
signifying, the fine or mulct paid for an offence, and afterward the
offense itself, and akin to AS. gieldan to pay, E. yield. See Yield,
v. t.]

1. The criminality and consequent exposure to punishment resulting
from willful disobedience of law, or from morally wrong action; teh
state of one who has broken a moral or political law; crime;
criminality; offense against right.
Satan had not answer, but stood struck With guilt of his own sin.
Milton.

2. Exposure to any legal penalty or forfeiture.
A ship incurs guilt by the violation of a blockade. Kent.

GUILTILY
Guilt"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a guilty manner.

GUILTINESS
Guilt"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being guilty.

GUILTLESS
Guilt"less, a.

1. Free from guilt; innocent.
The Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.
Ex. xx. 7.

2. Without experience or trial; unacquainted (with).
Such gardening tools, as art, yet rude, Guiltless of fire, had
formed. Milton.
-- Guilt"less*ly, adv.
 -- Guilt"less*ness, n.

GUILT-SICK
Guilt"-sick`, a.

Defn: Made sick by consciousness of guilt. "A guilt-sick conscience."
Beau. c& El.

GUILTY
Guilt"y, a. [Compar. Gultier; superl. Guiltiest.] Etym: [AS. gyltig
liable. See Guilt.]

1. Having incurred guilt; criminal; morally delinquent; wicked;
chargeable with, or responsible for, something censurable; justly
exposed to penalty; -- used with of, and usually followed by the
crime, sometimes by the punishment.
They answered and said, He is guilty of death. Matt. xxvi. 66.
Nor he, nor you, were guilty of the strife. Dryden.

2. Evincing or indicating guilt; involving guilt; as, a guilty look;
a guilty act; a guilty feeling.

3. Conscious; cognizant. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

4. Condemned to payment. [Obs. & R.] Dryden.

GUILTYLIKE
Guilt"y*like`, adv.

Defn: Guiltily. [Obs.] Shak.

GUIMPE
Guimpe, n. [F. See 2d Gimp.]

Defn: A kind of short chemisette, worn with a low-necked dress.

GUINEA
Guin"ea, n.

1. A district on the west coast of Africa (formerly noted for its
export of gold and slaves) after which the Guinea fowl, Guinea grass,
Guinea peach, etc., are named.

2. A gold coin of England current for twenty-one shillings sterling,
or about five dollars, but not coined since the issue of sovereigns
in 1817.
The guinea, so called from the Guinea gold out of which it was first
struck, was proclaimed in 1663, and to go for twenty shillings; but
it never went for less than twenty-one shillings. Pinkerton.
Guinea corn. (Bot.) See Durra.
 -- Guinea Current (Geog.), a current in the Atlantic Ocean setting
southwardly into the Bay of Benin on the coast of Guinea.-- Guinea
dropper one who cheats by dropping counterfeit guineas. [Obs.] Gay.
 -- Guinea fowl, Guinea hen (Zoöl.), an African gallinaceous bird, of
the genus Numida, allied to the pheasants. The common domesticated
species (N. meleagris), has a colored fleshy horn on each aide of the
head, and is of a dark gray color, variegated with small white spots.
The crested Guinea fowl (N. cristata) is a finer species.-- Guinea
grains (Bot.), grains of Paradise, or amomum. See Amomum.
 -- Guinea grass (Bot.), a tall strong forage grass (Panicum
jumentorum) introduced. from Africa into the West Indies and Southern
United States.
 -- Guinea-hen flower (Bot.), a liliaceous flower (Fritillaria
Meleagris) with petals spotted like the feathers of the Guinea hen.
 -- Guinea peach. See under Peach.
 -- Guinea pepper (Bot.), the pods of the Xylopia aromatica, a tree
of the order Anonaceæ, found in tropical West Africa. They are also
sold under the name of Piper Æthiopicum. --Guinea pig.

Note: [Prob. a mistake for Guiana pig.] (a) (Zoöl.) A small Brazilian
rodent (Cavia cobaya), about seven inches in length and usually of a
white color, with spots of orange and black. (b) A contemptuous
sobriquet. Smollett.
 -- Guinea plum (Bot.), the fruit of Parinarium excelsum, a large
West African tree of the order Chrysobalaneæ, having a scarcely
edible fruit somewhat resembling a plum, which is also called gray
plum and rough-skin plum.
 -- Guinea worm (Zoöl.), a long and slender African nematoid worm
(Filaria Medinensis) of a white color. It lives in the cellular
tissue of man, beneath the skin, and produces painful sores.

GUINEA-PIG DIRECTOR
Guin"ea-pig` di*rec"tor.

Defn: A director (usually one holding a number of directorships) who
serves merely or mainly for the fee (in England, often a guinea) paid
for attendance. [Colloq.]

GUIPURE
Gui*pure", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A term used for lace of different kinds; most properly for a
lace of large pattern and heavy material which has no ground or mesh,
but has the pattern held together by connecting threads called bars
or brides.

GUIRLAND
Guir"land, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Garland.

GUISE
Guise, n. Etym: [OE. guise, gise, way, manner, F. guise, fr. OHG.
wisa, G. weise. See Wise, n.]

1. Customary way of speaking or acting; custom; fashion; manner;
behavior; mien; mode; practice; -- often used formerly in such
phrases as: at his own guise; that is, in his own fashion, to suit
himself. Chaucer.
The swain replied, "It never was our guise To slight the poor, or
aught humane despise." Pope.

2. External appearance in manner or dress; appropriate indication or
expression; garb; shape.
As then the guise was for each gentle swain. Spenser.
A . . . specter, in a far more terrific guise than any which ever yet
have overpowered the imagination. Burke.

3. Cover; cloak; as, under the guise of patriotism.

GUISER
Guis"er, n. Etym: [From Guise.]

Defn: A person in disguise; a masker; a mummer. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

GUITAR
Gui*tar", n. Etym: [F. guitare; cf. Pr., Sp., & Pg.guitarra, It.
chitarra; all fr. Gr. cithara. Cf. Cittern, Gittern.]

Defn: A stringed instrument of music resembling the lute or the
violin, but larger, and having six strings, three of silk covered
with silver wire, and three of catgut, -- played upon with the
fingers.

GUITGUIT
Guit"guit`, n. Etym: [So called from its note.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of small tropical American birds of the
family Coerebidæ, allied to the creepers; -- called also quit. See
Quit.

GULA
Gu"la, n.; pl. L. GulÆ, E. Gulas. Etym: [L., the throat, gullet.]

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) The upper front of the neck, next to the chin; the upper throat.
(b) A plate which in most insects supports the submentum.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A capping molding. Same as Cymatium.

GULAR
Gu"lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gulaire.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the gula or throat; as, gular plates. See Illust.
of Bird, and Bowfin.

GULAUND
Gu"laund, n. Etym: [Icel. gul-önd.]

Defn: An arctic sea bird.

GULCH
Gulch, n.

1. Act of gulching or gulping. [Obs.]

2. A glutton. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. A ravine, or part of the deep bed of a torrent when dry; a gully.

GULCH
Gulch, v. t. Etym: [OE. gulchen; cf. dial. Sw. gölka to gulch, D.
gulzig greedy, or E. gulp.]

Defn: To swallow greedily; to gulp down. [Obs.]

GULD
Guld, n.

Defn: A flower. See Gold. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GULDEN
Gul"den, n.

Defn: See Guilder.

GULE
Gule, v. t.

Defn: To give the color of gules to.

GULE
Gule, n.

Defn: The throat; the gullet. [Obs.]
Throats so wide and gules so gluttonous. Gauden.

GULES
Gules, n. Etym: [OE. goules, F. gueules, the same word as gueule
throat, OF. gole, goule, L. gula. So named from the red color of the
throat. See Gullet, and cf. Gula.] (Her.)

Defn: The tincture red, indicated in seals and engraved figures of
escutcheons by parallel vertical lines. Hence, used poetically for a
red color or that which is red.
His sev'n-fold targe a field of gules did stain In which two swords
he bore; his word, "Divide and reign." P. Fletcher.
Follow thy drum; With man's blood paint the ground; gules, gules.
Shak.
Let's march to rest and set in gules, like suns. Beau. & Fl.

GULF
Gulf, n. Etym: [F. golfe, It. golfo, fr. Gr. bosom, bay, gulf, LGr.

1. A hollow place in the earth; an abyss; a deep chasm or basin,
He then surveyed Hell and the gulf between. Milton.
Between us and you there is a great gulf fixed. Luke xvi. 26.

2. That which swallows; the gullet. [Obs.] Shak.

3. That which swallows irretrievably; a whirlpool; a sucking eddy.
Shak.
A gulf of ruin, swallowing gold. Tennyson.

4. (Geog.)

Defn: A portion of an ocean or sea extending into the land; a
partially land-locked sea; as, the Gulf of Mexico.

5. (Mining)

Defn: A large deposit of ore in a lode. Gulf Stream (Geog.), the warm
ocean current of the North Atlantic.

Note: It originates in the westward equatorial current, due to the
trade winds, is deflected northward by Cape St. Roque through the
Gulf of Mexico, and flows parallel to the coast of North America,
turning eastward off the island of Nantucket. Its average rate of
flow is said to be about two miles an hour. The similar Japan
current, or Kuro-Siwo, is sometimes called the Gulf Stream of the
Pacific.
 -- Gulf weed (Bot.), a branching seaweed (Sargassum bacciferum, or
sea grape), having numerous berrylike air vessels, -- found in the
Gulf Stream, in the Sargasso Sea, and elsewhere.

GULFY
Gulf"y, a.

Defn: Full of whirlpools or gulfs. Chapman.

GULGUL
Gul"gul, n. Etym: [Hind. galgal.]

Defn: A cement made in India from sea shells, pulverized and mixed
with oil, and spread over a ship's bottom, to prevent the boring of
worms.

GULIST
Gu"list, n. Etym: [L. gulo.]

Defn: A glutton. [Obs.]

GULL
Gull, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gulled; p. pr. & vb. n. Gulling.] Etym:
[Prob. fr. gull the bird; but cf. OSw. gylla to deceive, D. kullen,
and E. cullibility.]

Defn: To deceive; to cheat; to mislead; to trick; to defraud.
The rulgar, gulled into rebellion, armed. Dryden.
I'm not gulling him for the emperor's service. Coleridge.

GULL
Gull, n.

1. A cheating or cheat; trick; fraud. Shak.

2. One easily cheated; a dupe. Shak.

GULL
Gull, n. Etym: [Of Celtic origin; cf. Corn. gullan, W. gwylan.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: One of many species of long-winged sea birds of the genus Larus
and allied genera.

Note: Among the best known American species are the herring gull
(Larus argentatus), the great black-backed gull (L. murinus) the
laughing gull (L. atricilla), and Bonaparte's gull (L. Philadelphia).
The common European gull is Larus canus. Gull teaser (Zoöl.), the
jager; -- also applied to certain species of terns.

GULLAGE
Gull"age, n.

Defn: Act of being gulled. [Obs.]
Had you no quirk. To avoid gullage, sir, by such a creature B. Jonson

GULLER
Gull"er, n.

Defn: One who gulls; a deceiver.

GULLERY
Gull"er*y, n.

Defn: An act, or the practice, of gulling; trickery; fraud. [R.] "A
mere gullery." Selden.

GULLET
Gul"let, n. Etym: [OE. golet, OF. Goulet, dim. of gole, goule,
throat, F. gueule, L. gula; perh. akin to Skr. gula, G. kenle; cf. F.
goulet the neck of a bottle, goulotte channel gutter. Cf. Gules,
Gully.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The tube by which food and drink are carried from the pharynx
to the stomach; the esophagus.

2. Something shaped like the food passage, or performing similar
functions; as:
(a) A channel for water.
(b) (Engin.) A preparatory cut or channel in excavations, of
sufficient width for the passage of earth wagons.
(c) A concave cut made in the teeth of some saw blades.

GULLETING
Gul"let*ing, n. (Engin.)

Defn: A system of excavating by means of gullets or channels.

GULLIBLE
Gul"li*ble, a.

Defn: Easily gulled; that may be duped.
 -- Gul"li*bii`i*ty, n. Burke.

GULLISH
Gull"ish, a.

Defn: Foolish; stupid. [Obs.] Gull"ish*ness, n. [Obs.]

GULLY
Gul"ly, n.; pl. Gulles. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain]

Defn: A large knife. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

GULLY
Gul"ly, n.; pl. Gullies. Etym: [Formerly gullet.]

1. A channel or hollow worn in the earth by a current of water; a
short deep portion of a torrent's bed when dry.

2. A grooved iron rail or tram plate. [Eng.] Gully gut, a glutton.
[Obs.] Chapman.
 -- Gully hole, the opening through which gutters discharge surface
water.

GULLY
Gul"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gullied; p. pr. & vb. n. Gullying.]

Defn: To wear into a gully or into gullies.

GULLY
Gul"ly, v. i.

Defn: To flow noisily. [Obs.] Johnson.

GULOSITY
Gu*los"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. gulositas, fr. gulosus gluttonous. See
Gullet.]

Defn: Excessive appetite; greediness; voracity. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

GULP
Gulp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gulped; p. pr. & vb. n. Gulping.] Etym: [D.
gulpen, cf. OD. golpe gulf.]

Defn: To swallow eagerly, or in large draughts; to swallow up; to
take down at one swallow.
He does not swallow, but he gulps it down. Cowper.
The old man . . . glibly gulped down the whole narrative. Fielding.
To gulp up, to throw up from the stomach; to disgorge.

GULP
Gulp, n.

1. The act of taking a large mouthful; a swallow, or as much as is
awallowed at once.

2. A disgorging. [Colloq.]

GULPH
Gulph, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Gulf.

GULT
Gult, n.

Defn: Guilt. See Guilt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GULTY
Gult"y, a.

Defn: Guilty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GULY
Gul"y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to gules; red. "Those fatal guly dragons."
Milton.

GUM
Gum, n. Etym: [OE. gome, AS. gama palate; akin Co G. gaumen, OHG.
goumo, guomo, Icel. g, Sw. gom; cf. Gr.

Defn: The dense tissues which invest the teeth, and cover the
adjacent parts of the jaws. Gum rash (Med.), strophulus in a teething
child; red gum.
 -- Gum stick, a smooth hard substance for children to bite upon
while teething.

GUM
Gum, v. t.

Defn: To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn
saw). See Gummer.

GUM
Gum, n. Etym: [OE. gomme, gumme, F. gomme, L. gummi and commis, fr.
Gr. kam; cf. It. gomma.]

1. A vegetable secretion of many trees or plants that hardens when it
exudes, but is soluble in water; as, gum arabic; gum tragacanth; the
gum of the cherry tree. Also, with less propriety, exudations that
are not soluble in water; as, gum copal and gum sandarac, which are
really resins.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: See Gum tree, below.

3. A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly
made hive; also, a vessel or bin made of a hollow log. [Southern U.
S.]

4. A rubber overshoe. [Local, U. S.] Black gum, Blue gum, British
gum, etc. See under Black, Blue, etc.
 -- Gum Acaroidea, the resinous gum of the Australian grass tree
(Xanlhorrhoea).
 -- Gum animal (Zoöl.), the galago of West Africa; -- so called
because it feeds on gums. See Galago.
 -- Gum animi or animé. See Animé.
 -- Gum arabic, a gum yielded mostly by several species of Acacia
(chiefly A. vera and A. Arabica) growing in Africa and Southern Asia;
-- called also gum acacia. East Indian gum arabic comes from a tree
of the Orange family which bears the elephant apple.
 -- Gum butea, a gum yielded by the Indian plants Butea frondosa and
B. superba, and used locally in tanning and in precipitating indigo.
 -- Gum cistus, a plant of the genus Cistus (Cistus ladaniferus), a
species of rock rose.-- Gum dragon. See Tragacanth.
 -- Gum elastic, Elastic gum. See Caoutchouc.
 -- Gum elemi. See Elemi.
 -- Gum juniper. See Sandarac.
 -- Gum kino. See under Kino.
 -- Gum lac. See Lac.
 -- Gum Ladanum, a fragrant gum yielded by several Oriental species
of Cistus or rock rose.
 -- Gum passages, sap receptacles extending through the parenchyma of
certain plants (Amygdalaceæ, Cactaceæ, etc.), and affording passage
for gum.
 -- Gum pot, a varnish maker's utensil for melting gum and mixing
other ingredients.
 -- Gum resin, the milky juice of a plant solidified by exposure to
air; one of certain inspissated saps, mixtures of, or having
properties of, gum and resin; a resin containing more or less
mucilaginous and gummy matter.
 -- Gum sandarac. See Sandarac.
 -- Gum Senegal, a gum similar to gum arabic, yielded by trees
(Acacia Verek and A. Adansoniä) growing in the Senegal country, West
Africa.
 -- Gum tragacanth. See Tragacanth.
 -- Gum tree, the name given to several trees in America and
Australia: (a) The black gum (Nyssa multiflora), one of the largest
trees of the Southern States, bearing a small blue fruit, the
favorite food of the opossum. Most of the large trees become hollow.
(b) A tree of the genus Eucalyptus. See Eucalpytus. (c) The sweet gum
tree of the United States (Liquidambar styraciflua), a large and
beautiful tree with pointedly lobed leaves and woody burlike fruit.
It exudes an aromatic terebinthine juice.
 -- Gum water, a solution of gum, esp. of gum arabic, in water.
 -- Gum wood, the wood of any gum tree, esp. the wood of the
Eucalyptus piperita, of New South Wales.

GUM
Gum, v. t. [imp. &. p. Gummed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gumming.]

Defn: To smear with gum; to close with gum; to unite or stiffen by
gum or a gumlike substance; to make sticky with a gumlike substance.
He frets likke a gummed velvet.Shak.

GUM
Gum, v. i.

Defn: To exude or from gum; to become gummy.

GUMBO
Gum"bo, n. Etym: [Written aalso gombo.]

1. A soup thickened with the mucilaginous pods of the okra; okra
soup.

2. The okra plant or its pods.

GUMBOIL
Gum"boil, n. (Med.)

Defn: A small suppurting inflamed spot on the gum.

GUMMA
Gum"ma, n.; pl. Gummata. Etym: [NL. So called from its gummy contents
See Gum.] (Med.)

Defn: A kind of soft tumor, usually of syphilitic origin.

GUMMATOUS
Gum*ma"tous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, gumma.

GUMMER
Gum"mer, n. Etym: [From 2d Gum.]

Defn: A punch-cutting tool, or machine for deepening and enlarging
the spaces between the teeth of a worn saw.

GUMMIFEROUS
Gum*mif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. gummi gum + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing gum; gum-bearing.

GUMMINESS
Gum"mi*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being gummy; viscousness.

GUMMITE
Gum"mite, n. Etym: [So called because it occurs in rounded or
flattened pieces which look like gum.] (Min.)

Defn: A yellow amorphous mineral, essentially a hydrated oxide of
uranium derived from the alteration of uraninite.

GUMMOSITY
Gum*mos"i*ty, n.

Defn: Gumminess; a viscous or adhesive quality or nature. [R.]
Floyer.

GUMMOUS
Gum"mous, a. Etym: [L. gummosus; cf. F. gommeux.]

1. Gumlike, or composed of gum; gummy.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a gumma.

GUMMY
Gum"my, a. Etym: [Compar. Gummer (Gummirst.]

Defn: Consisting of gum; viscous; adhesive; producing or containing
gum; covered with gum or a substance resembling gum.
Kindles the gummy bark of fir or pine. Milton.
Then rubs his gummy eyes. Dryden.
Gummy tumor (Med.), a gumma.

GUMP
Gump, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. & Dan. gump buttocks, rump, Icel. gumprg.]

Defn: A dolt; a dunce. [Low.] Holloway.

GUMPTION
Gump"tion, n. Etym: [OE. gom, gome, attention; akin to AS. geómian,
gyman, to regard, observe, gyme care, OS. gomean to heed, Goth.
gaumjan to see, notice.]

1. Capacity; shrewdness; common sense. [Colloq.]
One does not have gumption till one has been properly cheated. Lord
Lytton.

2. (Paint.)
(a) The art of preparing colors. Sir W. Scott.
(b) Megilp. Fairholt.

GUN
Gun, n. Etym: [OE. gonne, gunne; of uncertain origin; cf. Ir., Gael.)
A LL. gunna, W. gum; possibly (like cannon) fr. L. canna reed, tube;
or abbreviated fr. OF. mangonnel, E. mangonel, a machine for hurling
stones.]

1. A weapon which throws or propels a missile to a distance; any
firearm or instrument for throwing projectiles by the explosion of
gunpowder, consisting of a tube or barrel closed at one end, in which
the projectile is placed, with an explosive charge behind, which is
ignited by various means. Muskets, rifles, carbines, and fowling
pieces are smaller guns, for hand use, and are called small arms.
Larger guns are called cannon, ordnance, fieldpieces, carronades,
howitzers, etc. See these terms in the Vocabulary.
As swift as a pellet out of a gunne When fire is in the powder runne.
Chaucer.
The word gun was in use in England for an engine to cast a thing from
a man long before there was any gunpowder found out. Selden.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A piece of heavy ordnance; in a restricted sense, a cannon.

3. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: Violent blasts of wind.

Note: Guns are classified, according to their construction or manner
of loading as rifled or smoothbore, breech-loading or muzzle-loading,
cast or built-up guns; or according to their use, as field, mountain,
prairie, seacoast, and siege guns. Armstrong gun, a wrought iron
breech-loading cannon named after its English inventor, Sir William
Armstrong.
 -- Great gun, a piece of heavy ordnance; hence (Fig.), a person
superior in any way.
 -- Gun barrel, the barrel or tube of a gun.
 -- Gun carriage, the carriage on which a gun is mounted or moved.
 -- Gun cotton (Chem.), a general name for a series of explosive
nitric ethers of cellulose, obtained by steeping cotton in nitric and
sulphuric acids. Although there are formed substances containing
nitric acid radicals, yet the results exactly resemble ordinary
cotton in appearance. It burns without ash, with explosion if
confined, but quietly and harmlessly if free and open, and in small
quantity. Specifically, the lower nitrates of cellulose which are
insoluble in ether and alcohol in distinction from the highest
(pyroxylin) which is soluble. See Pyroxylin, and cf. Xyloidin. The
gun cottons are used for blasting and somewhat in gunnery: for making
celluloid when compounded with camphor; and the soluble variety
(pyroxylin) for making collodion. See Celluloid, and Collodion. Gun
cotton is frequenty but improperly called nitrocellulose. It is not a
nitro compound, but an ethereal salt of nitric acid.
 -- Gun deck. See under Deck.
 -- Gun fire, the time at which the morning or the evening gun is
fired.
 -- Gun metal, a bronze, ordinarily composed of nine parts of copper
and one of tin, used for cannon, etc. The name is also given to
certain strong mixtures of cast iron.
 -- Gun port (Naut.), an opening in a ship through which a cannon's
muzzle is run out for firing.
 -- Gun tackle (Naut.), the blocks and pulleys affixed to the side of
a ship, by which a gun carriage is run to and from the gun port.
 -- Gun tackle purchase (Naut.), a tackle composed of two single
blocks and a fall. Totten.
 -- Krupp gun, a wrought steel breech-loading cannon, named after its
German inventor, Herr Krupp.
 -- Machine gun, a breech-loading gun or a group of such guns,
mounted on a carriage or other holder, and having a reservoir
containing cartridges which are loaded into the gun or guns and fired
in rapid succession, sometimes in volleys, by machinery operated by
turning a crank. Several hundred shots can be fired in a minute with
accurate aim. The Gatling gun, Gardner gun, Hotchkiss gun, and
Nordenfelt gun, named for their inventors, and the French
mitrailleuse, are machine guns.
 -- To blow great guns (Naut.), to blow a gale. See Gun, n., 3.

GUN
Gun, v. i.

Defn: To practice fowling or hunting small game; -- chiefly in
participial form; as, to go gunning.

GUNA
Gu"na (goo"na), n. Etym: [Skr. guna quality.]

Defn: In Sanskrit grammar, a lengthening of the simple vowels a, i,
e, by prefixing an a element. The term is sometimes used to denote
the same vowel change in other languages.

GUNARCHY
Gu"nar*chy, n.

Defn: See Gynarchy.

GUNBOAT
Gun"boat`, n. (Nav.)

Defn: A vessel of light draught, carrying one or more guns.

GUNCOTTON
Gun"cot`ton.

Defn: See under Gun.

GUNDELET
Gun"de*let, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Gondola. Marston.

GUNFLINT
Gun"flint`, n.

Defn: A sharpened flint for the lock of a gun, to ignite the charge.
It was in common use before the introduction of percussion caps.

GUNJAH
Gun"jah, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Ganja.

GUNLOCK
Gun"lock`, n.

Defn: The lock of a gun, for producing the discharge. See Lock.

GUNNAGE
Gun"nage, n.

Defn: The number of guns carried by a ship of war.

GUNNEL
Gun"nel, n. Etym: [See Gunwale.]

1. A gunwale.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, eel-shaped, marine fish of the genus Murænoides; esp.,
M. gunnellus of Europe and America; -- called also gunnel fish,
butterfish, rock eel.

GUNNER
Gun"ner, n.

1. One who works a gun, whether on land or sea; a cannoneer.

2. A warrant officer in the navy having charge of the ordnance on a
vessel.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) The great northern diver or loon. See Loon.
(b) The sea bream. [Prov. Eng. or Irish] Gunner's daughter, the gun
to which men or boys were lashed for punishment. [Sailor's slang] W.
C. Russell.

GUNNERY
Gun"ner*y, n.

Defn: That branch of military science which comprehends the theory of
projectiles, and the manner of constructing and using ordnance.

GUNNIE
Gun"nie, n. (Mining.)

Defn: Space left by the removal of ore.

GUNNING
Gun"ning, n.

Defn: The act or practice of hunting or shooting game with a gun.
The art of gunning was but little practiced. Goldsmith.

GUNNY; GUNNY CLOTH
Gun"ny, n., Gun"ny cloth` (. Etym: [Hind. gon, gon,, a sack,
sacking.]

Defn: A strong, coarse kind of sacking, made from the fibers (called
jute) of two plants of the genus Corchorus (C. olitorius and C.
capsularis), of India. The fiber is also used in the manufacture of
cordage. Gunny bag, a sack made of gunny, used for coarse
commodities.

GUNOCRACY
Gu*noc"ra*cy, n.

Defn: See Gyneocracy.

GUNPOWDER
Gun"pow`der, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A black, granular, explosive substance, consisting of an
intimate mechanical mixture of niter, charcoal, and sulphur. It is
used in gunnery and blasting.

Note: Gunpowder consists of from 70 to 80 per cent of niter, with 10
to 15 per cent of each of the other ingredients. Its explosive energy
is due to the fact that it contains the necessary amount of oxygen
for its own combustion, and liberates gases (chiefly nitrogen and
carbon dioxide), which occupy a thousand or fifteen hundred times
more space than the powder which generated them. Gunpowder pile
driver, a pile driver, the hammer of which is thrown up by the
explosion of gunpowder.
 -- Gunpowder plot (Eng. Hist.), a plot to destroy the King, Lords,
and Commons, in revenge for the penal laws against Catholics. As Guy
Fawkes, the agent of the conspirators, was about to fire the mine,
which was placed under the House of Lords, he was seized, Nov. 5,
1605. Hence, Nov. 5 is known in England as Guy Fawkes Day.
 -- Gunpowder tea, a species of fine green tea, each leaf of which is
rolled into a small ball or pellet.

GUNREACH
Gun"reach`, n.

Defn: The reach or distance to which a gun will shoot; gunshot.

GUNROOM
Gun"room` (, n. (Naut.)

Defn: An apartment on the after end of the lower gun deck of a ship
of war, usually occupied as a messroom by the commissioned officers,
except the captain; -- called wardroom in the United States navy.

GUNSHOT
Gun"shot`, n.

1. Act of firing a gun; a shot.

2. The distance to which shot can be thrown from a gun, so as to be
effective; the reach or range of a gun.
Those who are come over to the royal party are supposed to be out of
gunshot. Dryden.

GUNSHOT
Gun"shot`, a.

Defn: Made by the shot of a gun: as. a gunshot wound.

GUNSMITH
Gun"smith, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to make or repair small firearms; an
armorer.

GUNSMITHERY; GUNSMITH; GUNSMITHING
Gunsmith`er*y, Gun"smith` ing, n.

Defn: The art or business of a gunsmith.

GUNSTICK
Gun"stick, n.

Defn: A stick to ram down the charge of a musket, etc.; a rammer or
ramrod. [R.]

GUNSTOCK
Gun"stock`, n.

Defn: The stock or wood to which the barrel of a hand gun is
fastened.

GUNSTOME
Gun"stome`, n.

Defn: A cannon ball; -- so called because originally made of stone.
[Obs.] Shak.

GUNTER RIG
Gun"ter rig`. (Naut.)

Defn: A topmast arranged with metal bands so that it will readily
slide up and down the lower mast.

GUNTER'S CHAIN
Gun"ter's chain`. (Surveying)

Defn: The chain ordinarily used in measuring land. See Chain, n., 4,
and Gunter's scale.

GUNTER'S LINE
Gun"ter's line`.

Defn: A logarithmic line on Gunter's scale, used for performing the
multiplication and division of numbers mechanically by the dividers;
-- called also line of lines, and line of numbers.

GUNTER'S QUADRANT
Gun"ter's quad`rant.

Defn: A thin quadrant, made of brass, wood, etc., showing a
stereographic projection on the plane of the equator. By it are found
the hour of the day, the sun's azimuth, the altitude of objects in
degrees, etc. See Gunter's scale.

GUNTER'S SCALE
Gun"ter's scale`.

Defn: A scale invented by the Rev. Edmund Gunter (1581-1626), a
professor of astronomy at Gresham College, London, who invented also
Gunter's chain, and Gunter's quadrant.

Note: Gunter's scale is a wooden rule, two feet long, on one side of
which are marked scales of equal parts, of chords, sines, tangents,
rhombs, etc., and on the other side scales of logarithms of these
various parts, by means of which many problems in surveying and
navigation may be solved, mechanically, by the aid of dividers alone.

GUNWALE
Gun"wale, n. Etym: [Gun + wale. So named because the upper guns were
pointed from it.] (Naut.)

Defn: The upper edge of a vessel's or boat's side; the uppermost wale
of a ship (not including the bulwarks); or that piece of timber which
reaches on either side from the quarter-deck to the forecastle, being
the uppermost bend, which finishes the upper works of the hull.
[Written also gunnel.]

GURGE
Gurge, n. Etym: [L. gurges.]

Defn: A whirlpool. [Obs.]
The plain, wherein a black bituminous gurge Boils out from under
ground. Milton.

GURGE
Gurge, v. t. Etym: [See Gorge.]

Defn: To swallow up. [Obs.]

GURGEONS
Gur"geons, n. pl. [Obs.]

Defn: See Grudgeons.

GURGLE
Gur"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gurgled;p. pr. & vb. n. Gurgling.] Etym:
[Cf. It. gorgogliare to gargle, bubble up, fr. L. gurgulio gullet.
Cf. Gargle, Gorge.]

Defn: To run or flow in a broken, irregular, noisy current, as water
from a bottle, or a small stream among pebbles or stones.
Pure gurgling rills the lonely desert trace, And waste their music on
the savage race. Young.

GURGLE
Gur"gle, n.

Defn: The act of gurgling; a broken, bubbling noise. "Tinkling
gurgles." W. Thompson.

GURGLET
Gur"glet, n. Etym: [See Goglet.]

Defn: A porous earthen jar for cooling water by evaporation.

GURGLINGLY
Gur"gling*ly`, adv.

Defn: In a gurgling manner.

GURGOYLE
Gur"goyle, n.

Defn: See Gargoyle.

GURJUN
Gur"jun, n.

Defn: A thin balsam or wood oil derived from the Diptcrocarpus lævis,
an East Indian tree. It is used in medicine, and as a substitute for
linseed oil in the coarser kinds of paint.

GURL
Gurl, n.

Defn: A young person of either sex. [Obs.] See Girl. Chaucer.

GURLET
Gur"let, n. (Masonry)

Defn: A pickax with one sharp point and one cutting edge. Knight.

GURMY
Gur"my, n. (Mining)

Defn: A level; a working.

GURNARD; GURNET
Gur"nard, Gur"net n. Etym: [OF. gornal, gournal, gornart, perh. akin
to F. grogner to grunt; cf. Ir. guirnead gurnard.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One ofseveral European marine fishes, of the genus Trigla and
allied genera, having a large and spiny head, with mailed cheeks.
Some of the species are highly esteemed for food. The name is
sometimes applied to the American sea robins. [Written also gournet.]
Plyling gurnard. See under Flying.

GURNIAD
Gur"ni*ad, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Gwiniad.

GURRY
Gur"ry, n.

Defn: An alvine evacuation; also, refuse matter. [Obs. or Local]
Holland.

GURRY
Gur"ry`, n. Etym: [Hind. garhi.]

Defn: A small fort. [India]

GURT
Gurt, n. (Mining)

Defn: A gutter or channel for water, hewn out of the bottom of a
working drift. Page.

GURTS
Gurts, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. Grout.]

Defn: Groatts. [Obs.]

GUSH
Gush, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gushed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gushing.] Etym:
[OE. guschen, cf. Icel. gusa and gjsa, also D. gucsen; perh. akin to
AS. geótan to pour, G. giessen, Goth. giutan, E. gut. Cf. Found to
cast.]

1. To issue with violence and rapidity, as a fluid; to rush forth as
a fluid from confinement; to flow copiously.
He smote the rock that the waters gushed out. Ps ixxviii 20.
A sea of blood gushed from the gaping wound. Spenser.

2. To make a sentimental or untimely exhibition of affection; to
display enthusiasm in a silly, demonstrative manner. [Colloq.]

GUSH
Gush, v. t.

1. A sudden and violent issue of a fluid from an inclosed plase; an
emission of a liquid in a large quantity, and with force; the fluid
thus emitted; a rapid outpouring of anything; as, a gush of song from
a bird.
The gush of springs, An fall of lofty foundains. Byron.

2. A sentimental exhibition of affection or enthusiasm, etc.;
effusive display of sentiment. [Collog.]

GUSHER
Gush"er, n.

Defn: One who gushes. [Colloq.]

GUSHING
Gush"ing, a.

1. Rushing forth with violence, as a fluid; flowing copiously; as,
gushing waters. "Gushing blood." Milton.

2. Emitting copiously, as tears or words; weakly and unreservedly
demonstrative in matters of affection; sentimental. [Colloq.]

GUSHINGLY
Gush"ing*ly

Defn: , adv.

1. In a gushing manner; copiously. Byron.

2. Weakly; sentimentally; effusively. [Colloq.]

GUSSET
Gus"set, n. Etym: [F. gousset armpit, fob, gusset, dim. of gousse
pod, husk; cf. It. guscio shell, or W. cwysed gore, gusset.]

1. A small piece of cloth inserted in a garment, for the purpose of
strengthening some part or giving it a tapering enlargement.
Seam and gusset and band. Hood.

2. Anything resembling a gusset in a garment; as:
(a) (Armor) A small piece of chain mail at the openings of the joints
beneath the arms.
(b) (Mach.) A kind of bracket, or angular piece of iron, fastened in
the angles of a structure to give strength or stiffness; esp., the
part joining the barrel and the fire box of a locomotive boiler.

3. (Her.)

Defn: An abatement or mark of dishonor in a coat of arms, resembling
a gusset.

GUST
Gust, n. Etym: [Icel. gustr a cool breeze. Cf. Gush.]

1. A sudden squall; a violent blast of wind; a sudden and brief
rushing or driving of the wind. Snow, and hail, stormy gust and flaw.
Milton.

2. A sudden violent burst of passion. Bacon.

GUST
Gust, n. Etym: [L. gustus; cf. It. & Sp. gusto. sq. root46.]

1. The sense or pleasure of tasting; relish; gusto.
An ox will relish the tender flesh of kids with as much gust and
appetite. Jer. Taylor.

2. Gratification of any kind, particularly that which is exquisitely
relished; enjoyment.
Destroy all creatures for thy sport or gust. Pope.

3. Intellectual taste; fancy.
A choice of it may be made according to the gust and manner of the
ancients. Dryden.

GUST
Gust, v. t. Etym: [Cf. L. gustare, It. gustare, Sp. gustar. See GUST
a relish.]

Defn: To taste; to have a relish for. [Obs.]

GUSTABLE
Gust"a*ble, a. Etym: [See Gust, v.] [Obs.]

1. Capable of being tasted; tastable.
This position informs us of a vulgar error, terming the gall bitter;
whereas there is nothing gustable sweeter. Harvey.

2. Pleasant to the taste; toothsome; savory.
A gustable thing, seen or smelt, excites the appetite, and affects
the glands and parts of the mouth. Derham.

GUSTABLE
Gust"a*ble, n.

Defn: Anything that can be tasted. [Obs.]

GUSTARD
Gus"tard, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The great bustard.

GUSTATION
Gus*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. gustatio: cf. F. gustation.]

Defn: The act of tasting. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

GUSTATORY
Gusta*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or subservient to, the sense of taste; as, the
gustatory nerve which supplies the front of the tongue.

GUSTFUL
Gust"ful, a.

Defn: Tasteful; well-tasted. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.
 -- Gust"ful*ness, n. [Obs.] Barrow.

GUSTFUL
Gust"ful, a.

Defn: Gusty. [R.]
A gustful April morn. Tennyson.

GUSTLESS
Gust"less, a.

Defn: Tasteless; insipid. [R.]

GUSTO
Gus"to, n. Etym: [It. or Sp., fr. L. gustus; akin to E. choose. Cf.
2d GUST, GOUR.]

Defn: Nice or keen appreciation or enjoyment; relish; taste; fancy.
Dryden.

GUSTOSO
Gus*to"so, a. & adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Tasteful; in a tasteful, agreeable manner.

GUSTY
Gust"y, a.

Defn: Subject to, or characterized by, gusts or squalls; windy;
stormy; tempestuous.
Upon a raw and gusty day. Shak.

GUT
Gut, n. Etym: [OE. gut, got, AS. gut, prob. orig., a channel, and
akin to geótan to pour. See FOUND to cast.]

1. A narrow passage of water; as, the Gut of Canso.

2. An intenstine; a bowel; the whole alimentary canal; the enteron;
(pl.) bowels; entrails.

3. One of the prepared entrails of an animal, esp. of a sheep, used
for various purposes. See Catgut.

4. The sac of silk taken from a silkworm (when ready to spin its
cocoon), for the purpose of drawing it out into a thread. This, when
dry, is exceedingly strong, and is used as the snood of a fish line.
Blind gut. See CÆcum, n. (b).

GUT
Gut, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gutting.]

1. To take out the bowels from; to eviscerate.

2. To plunder of contents; to destroy or remove the interior or
contents of; as, a mob gutted the bouse.
Tom Brown, of facetious memory, having gutted a proper name of its
vowels, used it as freely as he pleased. Addison.

GUTTA
Gut"ta, n.; pl. GuttÆ. Etym: [L.]

1. A drop.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: One of a series of ornaments, in the form of a frustum of a
cone, attached to the lower part of the triglyphs, and also to the
lower faces of the mutules, in the Doric order; -- called also
campana, and drop. Gutta serena Etym: [L., lit. serene or clear drop]
(Med.), amaurosis.
 -- Guttæ band (Arch.), the listel or band from which the guttæ hang.

GUTTA-PERCHA
Gut"ta-per`cha, n. Etym: [Malay gutah gum + pertja the tree from
which is it procured.]

Defn: A concrete juice produced by various trees found in the Malayan
archipelago, especially by the Isonandra, or Dichopsis, Gutta. It
becomes soft, and unpressible at the tamperature of boiling water,
and, on cooling, retains its new shape. It dissolves in oils and
ethers, but not in water. In many of its properties it resembles
caoutchouc, and it is extensively used for many economical purposes.
The Mimusops globosa of Guiana also yields this material.

GUTTATE
Gut"tate, a. Etym: [L. guttatus. Cf. Gutty.]

Defn: Spotted, as if discolored by drops.

GUTTATED
Gut"ta*ted, a. Etym: [See Guttate.]

Defn: Besprinkled with drops, or droplike spots. Bailey.

GUTTATRAP
Gut"ta*trap, n.

Defn: The inspissated juice of a tree of the genus Artocarpus (A.
incisa, or breadfruit tree), sometimes used in making birdlime, on
account of its glutinous quality.

GUTTER
Gut"ter, n. Etym: [OE. gotere, OF. goutiere, F. gouttière, fr. OF.
gote, goute, drop, F. goutte, fr. L. gutta.]

1. A channel at the eaves of a roof for conveying away the rain; an
eaves channel; an eaves trough.

2. A small channel at the roadside or elsewhere, to lead off surface
water.
Gutters running with ale. Macaulay.

3. Any narrow channel or groove; as, a gutter formed by erosion in
the vent of a gun from repeated firing. Gutter member (Arch.), an
architectural member made by treating the outside face of the gutter
in a decorative fashion, or by crowning it with ornaments, regularly
spaced, like a diminutive battlement.
 -- Gutter plane, a carpenter's plane with a rounded bottom for
planing out gutters.
 -- Gutter snipe, a neglected boy running at large; a street Arab.
[Slang] -- Gutter stick (Printing), one of the pieces of furniture
which separate pages in a form.

GUTTER
Gut*ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guttered; p. pr. & vb. n. Guttering.]

1. To cut or form into small longitudinal hollows; to channel. Shak.

2. To supply with a gutter or gutters. [R.] Dryden.

GUTTER
Gut"ter, v. i.

Defn: To become channeled, as a candle when the flame flares in the
wind.

GUTTERSNIPE
Gut"ter*snipe", n. (Slang)
 (a) A small poster, suitable for a curbstone.
 (b) A curbstone broker. [U. S.]

GUTTIFER
Gut"ti*fer`, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. gutta drop+ ferre to bear.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant that exudes gum or resin.

GUTTIFEROUS
Gut*tif"er*ous, a. (Bot.)
(a) Yielding gum or resinous substances.
(b) Pertaining to a natural order of trees and shrubs (Guttiferæ)
noted for their abounding in a resinous sap.

GUTTIFORM
Gut"ti*form, a. Etym: [L. gutta a drop + -form.]

Defn: Drop-shaped, as a spot of color.

GUTTLE
Gut"tle, v. t. & i. Etym: [From GUT, n.]

Defn: To put into the gut; to swallow greedily; to gorge; to
gormandize. [Obs.] L'Estrange. Dryden.

GUTTLER
Gut"tler, n.

Defn: A greedy eater; a glutton. [Obs.]

GUTTULOUS
Gut"tu*lous, a. Etym: [L. guttula a little drop, dim. of gutta drop.]

Defn: In droplike form. [Obs.]
In its [hail's] guttulous descent from the air. Sir T. Browne.

GUTTURAL
Gut"tur*al, a. Etym: [L. guttur throat: cf. F. gutural.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the throat; formed in the throat; relating
to, or characteristic of, a sound formed in the throat.
Children are occasionally born with guttural swellings. W. Guthrie.
In such a sweet, guttural accent. Landor.

GUTTURAL
Gut"tur*al, n.

Defn: A sound formed in the throat; esp., a sound formed by the aid
of the back of the tongue, much retracted, and the soft palate; also,
a letter representing such a sound.

GUTTURALISM
Gut"tur*al*ism, n.

Defn: The quality of being guttural; as, the gutturalism of A [in the
16th cent.] Earle.

GUTTURALITY
Gut"tur*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being guttural. [R.] "The old gutturality of k."
Earle.

GUTTURALIZE
Gut"tur*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To speak gutturally; to give a guttural sound to.

GUTTURALLY
Gut"tur*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a guttural manner.

GUTTURALNESS
Gut"tur*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being guttural.

GUTTURINE
Gut"tur*ine, a. Etym: [L. guttur throat.]

Defn: Pertaining to the throat. [Obs.] "Gutturine tumor." Ray.

GUTTURIZE
Gut"tur*ize, v. t. Etym: [L. guttur throat.]

Defn: To make in the throat; to gutturalize. [R.]
For which the Germans gutturize a sound. Coleridge.

GUTTURO-
Gut"tur*o-.

Defn: A combining form denoting relation to the throat; as, gutturo-
nasal, having both a guttural and a nasal character; gutturo-palatal.

GUTTY
Gut"ty, a. Etym: [L. gutta drop: cf. F. goutté. Cf. Guttated.] (Her.)

Defn: Charged or sprinkled with drops.

GUTWORT
Gut"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant, Globularia Alypum, a violent purgative, found in
Africa.

GUY
Guy, n. Etym: [Sp. guia guide, a guy or small rope used on board of
ships to keep weighty things in their places; of Teutonic origin, and
the same word as E. guide. See Guide, and cf. Gye.]

Defn: A rope, chain, or rod attached to anything to steady it; as: a
rope to steady or guide an object which is being hoisted or lowered;
a rope which holds in place the end of a boom, spar, or yard in a
ship; a chain or wire rope connecting a suspension bridge with the
land on either side to prevent lateral swaying; a rod or rope
attached to the top of a structure, as of a derrick, and extending
obliquely to the ground, where it is fastened.

GUY
Guy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Guying.]

Defn: To steady or guide with a guy.

GUY
Guy, n.

1. A grotesque effigy, like that of Guy Fawkes, dressed up in England
on the fifth of November, the day of the Gunpowder Plot.
The lady . . . who dresses like a guy. W. S. Gilbert.

2. A person of queer looks or dress. Dickens.

GUY
Guy, v. t.

Defn: To fool; to baffle; to make (a person) an object of ridicule.
[Local & Collog U.S.]

GUYLE
Guyle, v. t.

Defn: To guile. [Obs.] Spenser.

GUZE
Guze, n. Etym: [Cf. Gules.] (Her.)

Defn: A roundlet of tincture sanguine, which is blazoned without
mention of the tincture.

GUZZLE
Guz"zle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Guzzled, p. pr. & vb. n. Guzzling (.]
Etym: [OP. gosillier, prob. orig., to pass through the throat; akin
to F. gosier throat; cf. It. gozzo a bird's crop.]

Defn: To swallow liquor greedily; to drink much or frequently.
Those that came to guzzle in his wine cellar. Milton.
Well-seasoned bowls the gossip's spirits raise, Who, while she
guzzles, chats the doctor's praise. Roscommon.
To fat the guzzling hogs with floods of whey. Gay.

GUZZLE
Guz"zle, v. t.

Defn: To swallow much or often; to swallow with immoderate gust; to
drink greedily or continually; as, one who guzzles beer. Dryden.

GUZZLE
Guz"zle, n.

Defn: An insatiable thing or person.
That sink of filth, that guzzle most impure. Marston.

GUZZLER
Guz"zler, n.

Defn: An immoderate drinker.

GWINIAD
Gwin"i*ad, n. Etym: [W. gwyniad a whiting, the name of various
fishes, fr. gwyn white.] (Zool.)

Defn: A fish (Coregonus ferus) of North Wales and Northern Europe,
allied to the lake whitefish; -- called also powan, and schelly.
[Written also gwyniad, guiniad, gurniad.]

GYALL
Gy"all, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Gayal.

GYB; GYBE
Gyb, Gybe (, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Jib. [Obs.]

GYBE
Gybe, n. & v.

Defn: See Gibe.

GYBE
Gybe, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Gybed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gybing.] Etym:
[See Jibe.] (Naut.)

Defn: To shift from one side of a vessel to the other; -- said of the
boom of a fore-and-aft sail when the vessel is steered off the wind
until the sail fills on the opposite side. [Also jibe.]

GYE
Gye, v. t. Etym: [OF. guier; of German origin. See Guide, and cf.
Guy.]

Defn: To guide; to govern. [Obs.]
Discreet enough his country for to gye. Chaucer.

GYLE
Gyle, n. Etym: [F. guiller to ferment. Cf. Guillevat.]

Defn: Fermented wort used for making vinegar. Gyle tan (Brewing), a
large vat in which wort ferments.

GYMNAL
Gym"nal, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Gimmal.

GYMNASIARCH
Gym*na"si*arch, n. Etym: [L. gymnasiarchus, Gr. gymnasiarque.] (Gr.
Antiq.)

Defn: An Athenian officer who superintended the gymnasia, and
provided the oil and other necessaries at his own expense.

GYMNASIUM
Gym*na"si*um n.; pl. E. Gymnasiums, L. Gymnasia. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. A place or building where athletic exercises are performed; a
school for gymnastics.

2. A school for the higher branches of literature and science; a
preparatory school for the university; -- used esp. of German schools
of this kind.
More like ordinary schools of gymnasia than universities. Hallam.

GYMNAST
Gym"nast (, n. Etym: [Gr. gymnaste. See Gymnasium.]

Defn: One who teaches or practices gymnastic exercises; the manager
of a gymnasium; an athlete.

GYMNASTIC; GYMNASTICAL
Gym*nas"tic, Gym*nas"tic*al, a. Etym: [L. gymnasticus, Gr.
gymnastique. See Gymnasium.]

Defn: Pertaining to athletic exercises intended for health, defense,
or diversion; -- said of games or exercises, as running, leaping,
wrestling, throwing the discus, the javelin, etc.; also, pertaining
to disciplinary exercises for the intellect; athletic; as, gymnastic
exercises, contests, etc.

GYMNASTIC
Gym*nas"tic, n.

Defn: A gymnast. [Obs.]

GYMNASTICALLY
Gym*nas"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a gymnastic manner.

GYMNASTICS
Gym*nas"tics, n.

Defn: Athletic or disciplinary exercises; the art of performing
gymnastic exercises; also, disciplinary exercises for the intellect
or character.

GYMNIC; GYMNICAL
Gym"nic, Gym"nic*al a. Etym: [L. gymnicus, Gr. gymnique. See
Gymmasium.]

Defn: Athletic; gymnastic. [Obs.]
Have they not swordplayers, and every sort Of gymnic artists,
wrestlers, riders, runners Milton.

GYMNIC
Gym"nic, n.

Defn: Athletic exercise. [Obs.] Burton.

GYMNITE
Gym"nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous silicate of magnesia.

GYMNOBLASTEA
Gym"no*blas`te*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Athecata; -- so called because the medusoid buds are not
inclosed in a capsule.

GYMNOBLASTIC
Gym"no*blas"tic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Gymnoblastea.

GYMNOCARPOUS
Gym`no*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Bot.)

Defn: Naked-fruited, the fruit either smooth or not adherent to the
perianth. Gray.

GYMNOCHROA
Gym*noch"ro*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Hydroidea including the hydra. See Hydra.

GYMNOCLADUS
Gym*noc"la*dus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous plants; the Kentucky coffee tree. The
leaves are cathartic, and the seeds a substitute for coffee.

GYMNOCOPA
Gym"no*co`pa, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of transparent, free-swimming Annelida, having setae
only in the cephalic appendages.

GYMNOCYTE
Gym"no*cyte, n. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s nake +

Defn: (Biol.) A cytode without a proper cell wall, but with a
nucleus. Haeckel.

GYMNOCYTODE
Gym"no*cy`tode, n. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + E. cytode.] (Biol.)

Defn: A cytode without either a cell wall or a nucleus. Haeckel.

GYMNODONT
Gym"no*dont, n. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zool.)

Defn: One of a group of plectognath fishes (Gymnodontes), having the
teeth and jaws consolidated into one or two bony plates, on each jaw,
as the diodonts and tetradonts. See Bur fish, Globefish, Diodon.

GYMNOGEN
Gym"no*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + -gen.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of a class of plants, so called by Lindley, because the
ovules are fertilized by direct contact of the pollen. Same as
Gymnosperm.

GYMNOGLOSSA
Gym"no*glos`sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of gastropods in which the odontophore is without
teeth.

GYMNOLAEMA; GYMNOLAEMATA
Gym"no*læ`ma, Gym*no*læ"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [Nl., fr. Gr. gymno`s
naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Bryozoa, having no epistome.

GYMNONOTI
Gym"no*no`ti, n. pl. Etym: [NL. fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: The order of fishes which includes the Gymnotus or electrical
eel. The dorsal fin is wanting.

GYMNOPAEDIC
Gym`no*pæd"ic ((), a. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having young that are naked when hatched; psilopædic; -- said
of certain birds.

GYMNOPHIONA
Gym`no*phi"o*na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Amphibia, having a long, annulated, snakelike body.
See Ophiomorpha.

GYMNOPHTHALMATA
Gym`noph*thal"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked +
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of acalephs, including the naked-eyed medusæ; the
hydromedusæ. Most of them are known to be the free-swimming progeny
(gonophores) of hydroids.

GYMNOPLAST
Gym"no*plast, n. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + pla`ssein to shape,
mold.] (Biol.)

Defn: A cell or mass of protoplasm devoid of an envelope, as a white
blood corpuscle.

GYMNORHINAL
Gym"no*rhi`nal, a. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having unfeathered nostrils, as certain birds.

GYMNOSOMATA
Gym`no*so"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the orders of Pteropoda. They have no shell.

GYMNOSOPHIST
Gym*nos"o*phist, n. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + gymnosophisle.]

Defn: One of a sect of philosophers, said to have been found in India
by Alexander the Great, who went almost naked, denied themselves the
use of flesh, renounced bodily pleasures, and employed themselves in
the contemplation of nature.

GYMNOSOPHY
Gym*nos"o*phy, n.

Defn: The doctrines of the Gymnosophists. Good.

GYMNOSPERM
Gym"no*sperm, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant that bears naked seeds (i. e., seeds not inclosed in an
ovary), as the common pine and hemlock. Cf. Angiosperm.

GYMNOSPERMOUS
Gym"no*sper`mous, n. Etym: [Gr. gymno`spermos; gymno`s naked +
spe`rma seed: cf. F. gymnosperme.] (Bot.)
(a) Having naked seeds, or seeds not inclosed in a capsule or other
vessel.
(b) Belonging to the class of plants consisting of gymnosperms.

GYMNOTOKA
Gym*not"o*ka, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Athecata.

GYMNOTUS
Gym*no"tus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + gymnote.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of South American fresh-water fishes, including the
Gymnotus electricus, or electric eel. It has a greenish, eel-like
body, and is possessed of electric power.
One fearful shock, fearful but momentary, like from the electric blow
of the gymnotus. De Quincey.

GYN
Gyn, v. i.

Defn: To begin [Obs.] See Gin.

GYNAECEUM; GYNAECIUM
Gyn`æ*ce"um, Gyn`æ*ci"um, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: The part of a large house, among the ancients, exclusively
appropriated to women. [Written also gyneceum, gynecium.] Tennyson.

GYNAECIAN
Gy*næ"cian, a.

Defn: The same as Gynecian.

GYNAECOPHORE
Gy`næ"co*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A ventral canal or groove, in which the males of some dioecious
trematodes carry the female. See Illust. of Hæmatozoa.

GYNANDER
Gy*nan"der, n. Etym: [See Gynandrian.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant having the stamens inserted in the pistil.

GYNANDRIA
Gy*nan"dri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Gynandrian.] (Bot.)

Defn: A class of plants in the Linnaean system, whose stamens grow
out of, or are united with, the pistil.

GYNANDRIAN; GYNANDROUS
Gy*nan"dri*an, Gy*nan"drous, a. Etym: [Gr. gy`nandros of doubtful
sex; gynh` a woman + gynandre.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having stamens inserted in the pistil; belonging to the class
Gynandria.

GYNANDROMORPH
Gy*nan"dro*morph, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal affected with gynandromorphism,

GYNANDROMORPHISM
Gy*nan"dro*mor`phism, n. Etym: [Gr. gynh` a woman, female + (Zoöl.)

Defn: An abnormal condition of certain animals, in which one side has
the external characters of the male, and the other those of the
female.

GYNANDROMORPHOUS
Gy*nan`dro*mor"phous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Affected, with gynandromorphism.

GYNANTHEROUS
Gy*nan"ther*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. gynh` a woman + E. anther.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to an abnormal condition of the flower, in which the
stamens are converted into pistils. A. Brown.

GYNARCHY
Gyn"ar*chy, n. Etym: [Gr. gynh` a woman+ -archy.]

Defn: Government by a woman. Chesterfield.

GYNECEUM
Gyn"e*ce`um, n.

Defn: See Gynæceum.

GYNECIAN
Gy*ne"cian, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or relating to women.

GYNECOCRACY
Gyn`e*coc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Gr. gynh`, gynaiko`s, a woman +
gynécocratie. Cf. Gynocracy.]

Defn: Government by a woman, female power; gyneocracy. Bailey.

GYNECOLOGICAL
Gyn"e*co*log`ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to gynecology.

GYNECOLOGY
Gyn"e*col`o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. gynh`, gynaiko`s, a woman+ -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of the structure and diseases of
women.
 -- Gyn`e*col"o*gist.

GYNEOCRACY
Gyn"e*oc`ra*cy, n.

Defn: See Gynecocracy.

GYNEOLATRY
Gyn`e*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The adoration or worship of woman.
The sentimental gyneolatry of chivalry, which was at best but skin-
deep. Lowell.

GYNEPHOBIA
Gyn`e*pho"bi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Hatred of women; repugnance to the society of women. Holmes.

GYNNO
Gyn"no, v. i.

Defn: To begin. See Gin. [Obs.]

GYNOBASE
Gyn"o*base, n. Etym: [Gr. base.] (Bot.)

Defn: A dilated base or receptacle, supporting a multilocular ovary.

GYNOBASIC
Gyn"o*ba`sic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or having, a gynobase.

GYNOCRACY
Gy*noc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [See Gynecocracy.]

Defn: Female government; gynecocracy.
The aforesaid state has repeatedly changed from absolute despotism to
republicanism, not forgetting the intermediate stages of oligarchy,
limited monarchy, and even gynocracy; for I myself remember Alsatia
governed for nearly nine months by an old fishwoman. Sir H. Scott.

GYNODIOECIOUS
Gy"no*di*oe`cious, a. Etym: [Gr. di.] (Bot.)

Defn: Dioecious, but having some hermaphrodite or perfect flowers on
an individual plant which bears mostly pistillate flowers.

GYNOECIUM
Gy*noe"ci*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The pistils of a flower, taken collectively. See Illust. of
Carpophore.

GYNOPHORE
Gyn"o*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. gynophore.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The pedicel raising the pistil or ovary above the stamens, as
in the passion flower. Lindley.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the branches bearing the female gonophores, in certain
Siphonophora.

GYP
Gyp, n. Etym: [Said to be a sportive application of Gr.

Defn: A college servant; -- so called in Cambridge, England; at
Oxford called a scout. [Cant]

GYPSE
Gypse, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Gypsum. [Obs.] Pococke.

GYPSEOUS
Gyp"se*ous, a. Etym: [L. gypseus. See Gypsum.]

Defn: Resembling or containing gypsum; partaking of the qualities of
gypsum.

GYPSEY
Gyp"sey, n.

Defn: A gypsy. See Gypsy.

GYPSIFEROUS
Gyp*sif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gypsum + -ferous: cf. F. gypsif.]

Defn: Containing gypsum.

GYPSINE
Gyp"sine ((), a.

Defn: Gypseous. [R.] Chambers.

GYPSOGRAPHY
Gyp*sog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gypsum + -graphy.]

Defn: The act or art of engraving on gypsum.

GYPSOPLAST
Gyp"so*plast, n. Etym: [Gypsum + Gr.

Defn: A cast taken in plaster of Paris, or in white lime.

GYPSUM
Gyp"sum, n. Etym: [L. gypsum, Gr. jibs plaster, mortar, Per. jabs
lime.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral consisting of the hydrous sulphate of lime (calcium).
When calcined, it forms plaster of Paris. Selenite is a transparent,
crystalline variety; alabaster, a fine, white, massive variety.

GYPSY
Gyp"sy, n.; pl. Gypsies. Etym: [OE. Gypcyan, F. gyptien Egyptian,
gypsy, L. Aegyptius. See Egyptian.] [Also spelled gipsy and gypsey.]

1. One of a vagabond race, whose tribes, coming originally from
India, entered Europe in 14th or 15th centry, and are now scattered
over Turkey, Russia, Hungary, Spain, England, etc., living by theft,
fortune telling, horsejockeying, tinkering, etc. Cf. Bohemian,
Romany.
Like a right gypsy, hath, at fast and loose, Beguiled me to the very
heart of loss. Shak.

2. The language used by the gypsies. Shak.

3. A dark-complexioned person. Shak.

4. A cunning or crafty person [Collog.] Prior.

GYPSY
Gyp"sy a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or suitable for, gypsies. Gypsy hat, a woman's
or child's broad-brimmed hat, usually of straw or felt.
 -- Gypsy winch, a small winch, which may be operated by a crank, or
by a ratchet and pawl through a lever working up and down.

GYPSY
Gyp"sy, v. i.

Defn: To play the gypsy; to picnic in the woods. Mostly. Gyp"sy*ing,
vb. n.

GYPSYISM
Gyp"sy*ism, n.

1. The arts and practices or habits of gypsies; deception; cheating;
flattery.

2. The state of a gypsy.

GYPSY MOTH; GIPSY MOTH
Gyp"sy, or Gip"sy, moth  .

Defn: A tussock moth (Ocneria dispar) native of the Old World, but
accidentally introduced into eastern Massachusetts about 1869, where
its caterpillars have done great damage to fruit, shade, and forest
trees of many kinds. The male gypsy moth is yellowish brown, the
female white, and larger than the male. In both sexes the wings are
marked by dark lines and a dark lunule. The caterpillars, when full-
grown, have a grayish mottled appearance, with blue tubercles on the
anterior and red tubercles on the posterior part of the body, all
giving rise to long yellow and black hairs. They usually pupate in
July and the moth appears in August. The eggs are laid on tree
trunks, rocks, etc., and hatch in the spring.

GYPSYWORT
Gyp"sy*wort", n. (Bot.)

Defn: A labiate plant (the Lycopus Europæus). Gypsies are said to
stain their skin with its juice.

GYRACANTHUS
Gyr`a*can"thus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr, (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of fossil fishes, found in Devonian and carboniferous
strata; -- so named from their round, sculptured spines.

GYRAL
Gy"ral, a. Etym: [See Gyre.]

1. Moving in a circular path or way; whirling; gyratory.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to a gyrus, or convolution.

GYRANT
Gy"rant, a.

Defn: Gyrating. [R.]

GYRATE
Gy"rate, a. Etym: [L. gyratus made in a circular form, p. p. of
gyrare.]

Defn: Winding or coiled round; curved into a circle; taking a
circular course.

GYRATE
Gy"rate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gyrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Gyrating.]
Etym: [L. gyratus, p. p. of gyrare to gyrate. See Gyre, n.]

Defn: To revolve round a central point; to move spirally about an
axis, as a tornado; to revolve.

GYRATION
Gy*ra"tion, n.

1. The act of turning or whirling, as around a fixed center; a
circular or spiral motion; motion about an axis; rotation;
revolution.
The gyrations of an ascending balloon. De Quincey.
If a burning coal be nimbly moved round in a circle, with gyrations
continually repeated, the whole circle will appear like fire. Sir I.
Newton.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the whorls of a spiral univalve shell. Center of
gyration. (Mech.) See under Center.
 -- Radius of gyration the distance between the axis of a rotating
body and its center of gyration. Rankine.

GYRATORY
Gy"ra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Moving in a circle, or spirally; revolving; whirling around.

GYRE
Gyre, n. Etym: [L. gyrus, Gr.

Defn: A circular motion, or a circle described by a moving body; a
turn or revolution; a circuit.
Quick and more quick he spins in giddy gyres. Dryden.
Still expanding and ascending gyres. Mrs. Browning.

GYRE
Gyre, v. t. & i. Etym: [Cf. OF. gyrer, girer. See Gyrate.]

Defn: To turn round; to gyrate. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Drayton.

GYREFUL
Gyre"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding in gyres. [Obs.]

GYRENCEPHALA
Gyr"en*ceph`a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL. fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The higher orders of Mammalia, in which the cerebrum is
convoluted.
 -- Gyr"en*ceph"a*lous, a.

GYRFALCON
Gyr"fal`con, n. Etym: [OE. gerfaucon, OF. gerfaucon, LL. gyrofalco,
perh. fr. L. gyrus circle + falco falcon, and named from its circling
flight; or cf. E. gier-eagle. See Gyre, n., Falcon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species and varieties of large Arctic falcons,
esp. Falco rusticolus and the white species F. Islandicus, both of
which are circumpolar. The black and the gray are varieties of the
former. See Illust. of Accipiter. [Written also gerfalcon,
gierfalcon, and jerfalcon.]

GYRI
Gy"ri, n. pl.

Defn: See Gyrus.

GYRLAND
Gyr"land, v. t. Etym: [See Garland.]

Defn: To garland. [Obs.]

GYRODUS
Gyr"o*dus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct oölitic fishes, having rounded teeth in
several rows adapted for crushing.

GYROGONITE
Gy*rog"o*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: The petrified fruit of the Chara hispida, a species of
stonewort. See Stonewort. Lyell.

GYROIDAL
Gy*roid"al, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid + -al.]

1. Spiral in arrangement or action.

2. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Having the planes arranged spirally, so that they incline all
to the right (or left) of a vertical line; -- said of certain
hemihedral forms.

3. (Opt.)

Defn: Turning the plane of polarization circularly or spirally to the
right or left.

GYROLEPIS
Gy*rol"e*pis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of ganoid fishes, found in strata of the new red
sandetone, and the lias bone beds. Agassiz.

GYROMA
Gy*ro"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A turning round. [R.]

GYROMANCY
Gyr"o*man"cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. gyromancie.]

Defn: A kind of divination performed by drawing a ring or circle, and
walking in or around it. Brande & C.

GYRON
Gy"ron, n. Etym: [F. giron; of German origin. See Gore a piece of
cloth,] (Her.)

Defn: A subordinary of triangular form having one of its angles at
the fess point and the opposite aide at the edge of the escutcheon.
When there is only one gyron on the shield it is bounded by two linea
drawn from the fess point, one horizontally to the dexter side, and
one to the dexter chief corner.

GYRONNY
Gy"ron*ny, a. Etym: [F. gironn.] (Her.)

Defn: Covered with gyrons, or divided so as to form several gyrons; -
- said of an escutcheon.

GYROPIGEON; GYRO-PIGEON
Gy"ro*pi"geon, n. Etym: [L. gyrare to revolve + E. pigeon.]

Defn: A flying object simulating a pigeon in flight, when projected
from a spring trap. It is used as a flying target in shooting
matches. Knight.

GYROSCOPE
Gy"ro*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

1. A rotating wheel, mounted in a ring or rings, for illustrating the
dynamics of rotating bodies, the composition of rotations, etc. It
was devised by Professor W. R. Johnson, in 1832, by whom it was
called the rotascope.

2. A form of the above apparatus, invented by M. Foucault, mounted so
delicately as to render visible the rotation of the earth, through
the tendency of the rotating wheel to preserve a constant plane of
rotation, independently of the earth's motion.

GYROSCOPIC
Gy"ro*scop"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the gyroscope; resembling the motion of the
gyroscope.

GYROSE
Gy"rose", a. Etym: [See Gyre.] (Bot.)

Defn: Turned round like a crook, or bent to and fro. Loudon.

GYROSTAT
Gy"ro*stat, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)

Defn: A modification of the gyroscope, consisting essentially of a
fly wheel fixed inside a rigid case to which is attached a thin
flange of metal for supporting the instrument. It is used in studying
the dynamics of rotating bodies.

GYROSTATIC
Gy"ro*stat"ic, a. (Physics)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the gyrostat or to gyrostatics.

GYROSTATICS
Gy"ro*stat"ics, n. (Physics)

Defn: The doctrine or theory of the gyrostat, or of the phenomena of
rotating bodies.

GYRUS
Gy"rus, n.; pl. Gyri. Etym: [L. See Gyre, n.]

Defn: A convoluted ridge between grooves; a convolution; as, the gyri
of the brain; the gyri of brain coral. See Brain.

GYSE
Gyse, n.

Defn: Guise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GYTE
Gyte, a.

Defn: Delirious; senselessly extravagant; as, the man is clean gyte.
[Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

GYVE
Gyve, n. Etym: [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. gefyn, Ir. geibbionn, Gael.
geimheal.]

Defn: A shackle; especially, one to confine the legs; a fetter.
[Written also give.]
Like a poor prisoner in his twisted gyves. Shak.
With gyves upon his wrist. Hood.

GYVE
Gyve, v. t. Etym: [imp. & p. p. Gyved (p. pr. & vb. n. Gyving.]

Defn: To fetter; to shackle; to chain. Spenser.
I will gyve thee in thine own courtship. Shak.

H

Defn: the eighth letter of the English alphabet, is classed among the
consonants, and is formed with the mouth organs in the same position
as that of the succeeding vowel. It is used with certain consonants
to form digraphs representing sounds which are not found in the
alphabet, as sh, th, th, as in shall, thing, thine (for zh see §274);
also, to modify the sounds of some other letters, as when placed
after c and p, with the former of which it represents a compound
sound like that of tsh, as in charm (written also tch as in catch),
with the latter, the sound of f, as in phase, phantom. In some words,
mostly derived or introduced from foreign languages, h following c
and g indicates that those consonants have the hard sound before e,
i, and y, as in chemistry, chiromancy, chyle, Ghent, Ghibelline,
etc.; in some others, ch has the sound of sh, as in chicane. See
Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 153, 179, 181-3, 237-8.

Note: The name (aitch) is from the French ache; its form is from the
Latin, and this from the Greek H, which was used as the sign of the
spiritus asper (rough breathing) before it came to represent the long
vowel, Gr. ê. The Greek H is from Phoenician, the ultimate origin
probably being Egyptian. Etymologically H is most closely related to
c; as in E. horn, L. cornu, Gr. ke`ras; E. hele, v. t., conceal; E.
hide, L. cutis, Gr. ky`tos; E. hundred, L. centum, Gr. 'e-kat-on,
Skr. csata. H piece (Mining), the part of a plunger pump which
contains the valve.

H
H (hal). (Mus.)

Defn: The seventh degree in the diatonic scale, being used by the
Germans for B natural. See B.

HA
Ha (hal), interj. Etym: [AS.]

Defn: An exclamation denoting surprise, joy, or grief. Both as
uttered and as written, it expresses a great variety of emotions,
determined by the tone or the context. When repeated, ha, ha, it is
an expression of laughter, satisfaction, or triumph, sometimes of
derisive laughter; or sometimes it is equivalent to "Well, it is so."
Ha-has, and inarticulate hootings of satirical rebuke. Carlyle.

HAAF
Haaf, n. Etym: [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. & Sw. haf the sea, Dan.
hav, perh. akin to E. haven.]

Defn: The deepsea fishing for cod, ling, and tusk, off the Shetland
Isles.

HAAK
Haak, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea fish. See Hake. Ash.

HAAR
Haar, n. Etym: [See Hoar.]

Defn: A fog; esp., a fog or mist with a chill wind. [Scot.] T.
Chalmers.

HABEAS CORPUS
Ha"be*as corpus. Etym: [L. you may have the body.] (Law)

Defn: A writ having for its object to bring a party before a court or
judge; especially, one to inquire into the cause of a person's
imprisonment or detention by another, with the view to protect the
right to personal liberty; also, one to bring a prisoner into court
to testify in a pending trial. Bouvier.

HABENDUM
Ha*ben"dum, n. Etym: [L., that must be had.] (Law)

Defn: That part of a deed which follows the part called the premises,
and determines the extent of the interest or estate granted; -- so
called because it begins with the word Habendum. Kent.

HABERDASH
Hab"er*dash, v. i. Etym: [See Haberdasher.]

Defn: To deal in small wares. [R.]
To haberdash in earth's base ware. Quarles.

HABERDASHER
Hab"er*dash"er, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. Icel. hapurtask trumpery,
trifles, perh. through French. It is possibly akin to E. haversack,
and to Icel. taska trunk, chest, pocket, G. tasche pocket, and the
orig. sense was perh., peddler's wares.]

1. A dealer in small wares, as tapes, pins, needles, and thread;
also, a hatter. [Obs.]
The haberdasher heapeth wealth by hats. Gascoigne.

2. A dealer in drapery goods of various descriptions, as laces,
silks, trimmings, etc.

HABERDASHERY
Hab"er*dash"er*y, n.

Defn: The goods and wares sold by a haberdasher; also (Fig.),
trifles. Burke.

HABERDINE
Hab"er*dine", n. Etym: [D. abberdaan, labberdaan; or a French form,
cf. OF. habordeau, from the name of a Basque district, cf. F.
Labourd, adj. Labourdin. The l was misunderstood as the French
article.]

Defn: A cod salted and dried. Ainsworth.

HABERGEON
Ha*ber"ge*on, n. Etym: [F. haubergeon a small hauberk, dim. of OF.
hauberc, F. haubert. See Hauberk.]

Defn: Properly, a short hauberk, but often used loosely for the
hauberk. Chaucer.

HABILATORY
Hab"i*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to clothing; wearing clothes. Ld. Lytton.

HABILE
Hab"ile, a. Etym: [F. habile, L. habilis. See Able, Habit.]

Defn: Fit; qualified; also, apt. [Obs.] Spenser.

HABILIMENT
Ha*bil"i*ment, n. Etym: [F. habillement, fr. habiller to dress,
clothe, orig., to make fit, make ready, fr. habile apt, skillful, L.
habilis. See Habile.]

1. A garment; an article of clothing. Camden.

2. pl.

Defn: Dress, in general. Shak.

HABILIMENTED
Ha*bil"i*ment*ed, a.

Defn: Clothed. Taylor (1630).

HABILITATE
Ha*bil"i*tate, a. Etym: [LL. habilitatus, p. p. of habilitare to
enable.]

Defn: Qualified or entitled. [Obs.] Bacon.

HABILITATE
Ha*bil"i*tate, v. t.

Defn: To fit out; to equip; to qualify; to entitle. Johnson.

HABILITATION
Ha*bil"i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [LL. habilitatio: cf. F. habilitation.]

Defn: Equipment; qualification. [Obs.] Bacon.

HABILITY
Ha*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [See Ability.]

Defn: Ability; aptitude. [Obs.] Robynson. (More's Utopia).

HABIT
Hab"it n. Etym: [OE. habit, abit fr. habit fr. L. habitus state,
appearance, dress, fr. habere to have, be in a condition; prob. akin
to E. have. See Have, and cf. Able, Binnacle, Debt, Due, Exhibit,
Malady.]

1. The usual condition or state of a person or thing, either natural
or acquired, regarded as something had, possessed, and firmly
retained; as, a religious habit; his habit is morose; elms have a
spreading habit; esp., physical temperament or constitution; as, a
full habit of body.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The general appearance and manner of life of a living organism.

3. Fixed or established custom; ordinary course of conduct; practice;
usage; hence, prominently, the involuntary tendency or aptitude to
perform certain actions which is acquired by their frequent
repetition; as, habit is second nature; also, peculiar ways of
acting; characteristic forms of behavior.
A man of very shy, retired habits. W. Irving.

4. Outward appearance; attire; dress; hence, a garment; esp., a
closely fitting garment or dress worn by ladies; as, a riding habit.
Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy. Shak.
There are, among the states, several of Venus, in different habits.
Addison.

Syn.
 -- Practice; mode; manner; way; custom; fashion.
 -- Habit, Custom. Habit is a disposition or tendency leading us to
do easily, naturally, and with growing certainty, what we do often;
custom is external, being habitual use or the frequent repetition of
the same act. The two operate reciprocally on each other. The custom
of giving produces a habit of liberality; habits of devotion promote
the custom of going to church. Custom also supposes an act of the
will, selecting given modes of procedure; habit is a law of our
being, a kind of "second nature" which grows up within us.
How use doth breed a habit in a man ! Shak.
He who reigns . . . upheld by old repute,
Consent, or custom. Milton.

HABIT
Hab"it, v. t. [ Habited; p. pr. & vb. n. Habiting.] Etym: [OE.
habiten to dwell, F. habiter, fr. L. habitare to have frequently, to
dwell, intens. fr. habere to have. See Habit, n.]

1. To inhabit. [Obs.]
In thilke places as they [birds] habiten. Rom. of R.

2. To dress; to clothe; to array.
They habited themselves lite those rural deities. Dryden.

3. To accustom; to habituate. [Obs.] Chapman.

HABITABILITY
Hab"it*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Habitableness.

HABITABLE
Hab"it*a*ble, a. Etym: [F. habitable, L. habitbilis.]

Defn: Capable of being inhabited; that may be inhabited or dwelt in;
as, the habitable world.
 -- Hab"it*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Hab"it*a*bly, adv.

HABITABLE
Hab"ita*ble, n Etym: [F. habitacle dwelling place, binnacle, L.
habitaculum dwelling place. See Binnacle, Habit, v.]

Defn: A dwelling place. Chaucer. Southey.

HABITAN
Ha`bi`tan", n.

Defn: Same as Habitant, 2.
General met an emissary . . . sent . . . to ascertain the feelings of
the habitans or French yeomanry. W. Irwing.

HABITANCE
Hab"it*ance, n. Etym: [OF. habitance, LL. habitania.]

Defn: Dwelling; abode; residence. [Obs.] Spenser.

HABITANCY
Hab"it*an*cy, n.

Defn: Same as Inhabitancy.

HABITANT
Hab`it*ant, n. Etym: [F. habitant. See Habit, v.t]

1. An inhabitant; a dweller. Milton. Pope.

2. Etym: [F. pron. (]

Defn: An inhabitant or resident; -- a name applied to and denoting
farmers of French descent or origin in Canada, especially in the
Province of Quebec; -- usually in plural.
The habitants or cultivators of the soil. Parkman.

HABITAT
Hab`i*tat, n. Etym: [L., it dwells, fr. habitare. See Habit, v. t.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: The natural abode, locality or region of an animal or plant.

2. Place where anything is commonly found.
This word has its habitat in Oxfordshire. Earle.

HABITATION
Hab`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [F. habitation, L. habi(atio.]

1. The act of inhabiting; state of inhabiting or dwelling, or of
being inhabited; occupancy. Denham.

2. Place of abode; settled dwelling; residence; house.
The Lord . . . blesseth the habitation of the just. Prov. iii. 33.

HABITATOR
Hab"ita`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A dweller; an inhabitant. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

HABITED
Hab`it*ed, p. p. & a.

1. Clothed; arrayed; dressed; as, he was habited like a shepherd.

2. Fixed by habit; accustomed. [Obs.]
So habited he was in sobriety. Fuller.

3. Inhabited. [Archaic]
Another world, which is habited by the ghosts of men and women.
Addison.

HABITUAL
Ha*bit"ual, a. Etym: [Cf. F. habituel, LL. habituals. See Habit, n.]

1. Formed or acquired by habit or use.
An habitual knowledge of certain rules and maxims. South.

2. According to habit; established by habit; customary; constant; as,
the habiual practice of sin.
It is the distinguishing mark of habitual piety to be grateful for
the most common and ordinary blessings. Buckminster.

Syn.
 -- Customary; accustomed; usual; common; wonted; ordinary; regular;
familiar.
 -- Ha*bit"u*al*ly, adv.
 -- Ha*bit"u*al*ness, n.

HABITUATE
Ha*bit"u*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Habituated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Habituating.] Etym: [L. habituatus, p. p. of habituare to bring into
a condition or habit of body: cf. F. habituer. See Habit.]

1. To make accustomed; to accustom; to familiarize.
Our English dogs, who were habituated to a colder clime. Sir K.
Digby.
Men are first corrupted . . . and next they habituate themselves to
their vicious practices. Tillotson.

2. To settle as an inhabitant. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

HABITUATE
Ha*bit"u*ate, a.

Defn: Firmly established by custom; formed by habit; habitual. [R.]
Hammond.

HABITUATION
Ha*bit`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. habituation.]

Defn: The act of habituating, or accustoming; the state of being
habituated.

HABITUDE
Hab"i*tude, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. habitudo condition. See Habit.]

1. Habitual attitude; usual or accustomed state with reference to
something else; established or usual relations. South.
The same ideas having immutably the same habitudes one to another.
Locke.
The verdict of the judges was biased by nothing else than habitudes
of thinking. Landor.

2. Habitual association, intercourse, or familiarity.
To write well, one must have frequent habitudes with the best
company. Dryden.

3. Habit of body or of action. Shak.
It is impossible to gain an exact habitude without an infinite
Dryden.

HABITUE
Ha`bi`tu`e", n. Etym: [F., p. p. of habituer. See Habituate.]

Defn: One who habitually frequents a place; as, an habitué of a
theater.

HABITURE
Hab"i*ture, n.

Defn: Habitude. [Obs.]

HABITUS
Hab"i*tus, n. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Habitude; mode of life; general appearance.

HABLE
Ha"ble, a.

Defn: See Habile. [Obs.] Spenser.

HABNAB
Hab"nab, adv. [Hobnob.]

Defn: By chance. [Obs.]

HACHURE
Hach"ure, n. Etym: [F., fr. hacher to hack. See Hatching.] (Fine
Arts)

Defn: A short line used in drawing and engraving, especially in
shading and denoting different surfaces, as in map drawing. See
Hatching.

HACIENDA
Ha`ci*en"da ( or ), n. Etym: [Sp., fr. OSp. facienda employment,
estate, fr. L. facienda, pl. of faciendum what is to be done, fr.
facere to do. See Fact.]

Defn: A large estate where work of any kind is done, as agriculture,
manufacturing, mining, or raising of animals; a cultivated farm, with
a good house, in distinction from a farming establishment with rude
huts for herdsmen, etc.; -- a word used in Spanish-American regions.
1.

HACK
Hack, n. Etym: [See Hatch a half door.]

1. A frame or grating of various kinds; as, a frame for drying
bricks, fish, or cheese; a rack for feeding cattle; a grating in a
mill race, etc.

2. Unburned brick or tile, stacked up for drying.

HACK
Hack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hacked; p. pr. & vb. n. Hacking.] Etym:
[OE. hakken; akin to D. hakken, G. hacken, Dan. hakke, Sw. hacka, and
perh. to E. hew. Cf. Hew to cut, Haggle.]

1. To cut irregulary, without skill or definite purpose; to notch; to
mangle by repeated strokes of a cutting instrument; as, to hack a
post.
My sword hacked like a handsaw. Shak.

2. Fig.: To mangle in speaking. Shak.

HACK
Hack, v. i.

Defn: To cough faintly and frequently, or in a short, broken manner;
as, a hacking cough.

HACK
Hack, n.

1. A notch; a cut. Shak.

2. An implement for cutting a notch; a large pick used in breaking
stone.

3. A hacking; a catch in speaking; a short, broken cough. Dr. H.
More.

4. (Football)

Defn: A kick on the shins. T. Hughes. Hack saw, a handsaw having a
narrow blade stretched in an iron frame, for cutting metal.

HACK
Hack, n. Etym: [Shortened fr. hackney. See Hackney.]

1. A horse, hackneyed or let out for common hire; also, a horse used
in all kinds of work, or a saddle horse, as distinguished from
hunting and carriage horses.

2. A coach or carriage let for hire; particularly, a a coach with two
seats inside facing each other; a hackney coach.
On horse, on foot, in hacks and gilded chariots. Pope.

3. A bookmaker who hires himself out for any sort of literary work;
an overworked man; a drudge.
Here lies poor Ned Purdon, from misery freed, Who long was a
bookseller's hack. Goldsmith.

4. A procuress.

HACK
Hack, a.

Defn: Hackneyed; hired; mercenary. Wakefield. Hack writer, a hack;
one who writes for hire. "A vulgar hack writer." Macaulay.

HACK
Hack, v. t.

1. To use as a hack; to let out for hire.

2. To use frequently and indiscriminately, so as to render trite and
commonplace.
The word "remarkable" has been so hacked of late. J. H. Newman.

HACK
Hack, v. i.

1. To be exposed or offered or to common use for hire; to turn
prostitute. Hanmer.

2. To live the life of a drudge or hack. Goldsmith.

HACKAMORE
Hack"a*more, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. jaquima headstall of a halter.]

Defn: A halter consisting of a long leather or rope strap and
headstall, -- used for leading or tieing a pack animal. [Western
U.S.]

HACKBERRY
Hack"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees (Celtis) related to the elm, but bearing
drupes with scanty, but often edible, pulp. C. occidentalis is common
in the Eastern United States. Gray.

HACKBOLT
Hack"bolt`, n, (Zoöl.)

Defn: The greater shearwater or hagdon. See Hagdon.

HACKBUSS
Hack"buss, n.

Defn: Same as Hagbut.

HACKEE
Hack"ee, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chipmunk; also, the chickaree or red squirrel. [U.S.]

HACKER
Hack"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, hacks. Specifically: A cutting
instrument for making notches; esp., one used for notching pine trees
in collecting turpentine; a hack.

HACKERY
Hack"er*y, n. Etym: [Hind. chakra.]

Defn: A cart with wooden wheels, drawn by bullocks. [Bengal] Malcom.

HACKLE
Hac"kle, n. Etym: [See Heckle, and cf. Hatchel.]

1. A comb for dressing flax, raw silk, etc.; a hatchel.

2. Any flimsy substance unspun, as raw silk.

3. One of the peculiar, long, narrow feathers on the neck of fowls,
most noticeable on the cock, -- often used in making artificial
flies; hence, any feather so used.

4. An artificial fly for angling, made of feathers.

HACKLE
Hac"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hackled; p. pr. & vb. n. Hackling.]

1. To separate, as the coarse part of flax or hemp from the fine, by
drawing it through the teeth of a hackle or hatchel.

2. To tear asunder; to break in pieces.
The other divisions of the kingdom being hackled and torn to pieces.
Burke.

HACKLY
Hac"kly, a. Etym: [From Hackle]

1. Rough or broken, as if hacked.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Having fine, short, and sharp points on the surface; as, the
hackly fracture of metallic iron.

HACKMAN
Hack"man, n.; pl. Hackmen (.

Defn: The driver of a hack or carriage for public hire.

HACKMATACK
Hack"ma*tack`, n. Etym: [Of American Indian origin.] (Bot.)

Defn: The American larch (Larix Americana), a coniferous tree with
slender deciduous leaves; also, its heavy, close-grained timber.
Called also tamarack.

HACKNEY
Hack"ney, n.; pl. Hackneys. Etym: [OE. haceney, hacenay; cf. F.
haquenée a pacing horse, an ambling nag, OF. also haquenée, Sp.
hacanea, OSp. facanea, D. hakkenei, also OF. haque horse, Sp. haca,
OSp. faca; perh akin to E. hack to cut, and orig. meaning, a jolting
horse. Cf. Hack a horse, Nag.]

1. A horse for riding or driving; a nag; a pony. Chaucer.

2. A horse or pony kept for hire.

3. A carriage kept for hire; a hack; a hackney coach.

4. A hired drudge; a hireling; a prostitute.

HACKNEY
Hack"ney, a.

Defn: Let out for hire; devoted to common use; hence, much used;
trite; mean; as, hackney coaches; hackney authors. "Hackney tongue."
Roscommon.

HACKNEY
Hack"ney, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hackneyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hackneying.]

1. To devote to common or frequent use, as a horse or carriage; to
wear out in common service; to make trite or commonplace; as, a
hackneyed metaphor or quotation.
Had I lavish of my presence been, So common-hackneyed in the eyes of
men. Shak.

2. To carry in a hackney coach. Cowper.

HACKNEYMAN
Hack"ney*man, n.; pl. Hackneymen (.

Defn: A man who lets horses and carriages for hire.

HACKSTER
Hack"ster, n. Etym: [From Hack to cut.]

Defn: A bully; a bravo; a ruffian; an assassin. [Obs.] Milton.

HACQUETON
Hac"que*ton, n.

Defn: Same as Acton. [Obs.]

HAD
Had, imp. & p. p. of Have. Etym: [OE.had, hafde, hefde, AS. hæfde.]

Defn: See Have. Had as lief, Had rather, Had better, Had as soon,
etc., with a nominative and followed by the infinitive without to,
are well established idiomatic forms. The original construction was
that of the dative with forms of be, followed by the infinitive. See
Had better, under Better.
And lever me is be pore and trewe. [And more agreeable to me it is to
be poor and true.] C. Mundi (Trans. ).
Him had been lever to be syke. [To him it had been preferable to be
sick.] Fabian.
For him was lever have at his bed's head Twenty bookes, clad in black
or red, . . . Than robes rich, or fithel, or gay sawtrie. Chaucer.

Note: Gradually the nominative was substituted for the dative, and
had for the forms of be. During the process of transition, the
nominative with was or were, and the dative with had, are found.
Poor lady, she were better love a dream. Shak.
You were best hang yourself. Beau. & Fl.
Me rather had my heart might feel your love Than my unpleased eye see
your courtesy. Shak.
I hadde levere than my scherte, That ye hadde rad his legende, as
have I. Chaucer.
I had as lief not be as live to be In awe of such a thing as I
myself. Shak.
I had rather be a dog and bay the moon, Than such a Roman. Shak.
I had rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God, than to dwell in
the tents of wickedness. Ps. lxxxiv.10.

HADDER
Had"der, n.

Defn: Heather; heath. [Obs.] Burton.

HADDIE
Had"die, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The haddock. [Scot.]

HADDOCK
Had"dock, n. Etym: [OE. hadoc, haddok, of unknown origin; cf. Ir.
codog, Gael. adag, F. hadot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine food fish (Melanogrammus æglefinus), allied to the
cod, inhabiting the northern coasts of Europe and America. It has a
dark lateral line and a black spot on each side of the body, just
back of the gills. Galled also haddie, and dickie. Norway haddock, a
marine edible fish (Sebastes marinus) of Northern Europe and America.
See Rose fish.

HADE
Hade, n. Etym: [Cf. heald inclined, bowed down, G. halde declivity.]

1. The descent of a hill. [Obs.]

2. (Mining)

Defn: The inclination or deviation from the vertical of any mineral
vein.

HADE
Hade, v. i. (Mining)

Defn: To deviate from the vertical; -- said of a vein, fault, or
lode.

HADES
Ha"des, n. Etym: [Gr.Un-, Wit.]

Defn: The nether world (according to classical mythology, the abode
of the shades, ruled over by Hades or Pluto); the invisible world;
the grave.
And death and Hades gave up the dead which were in them. Rev. xx. 13
(Rev. Ver. ).
Neither was he left in Hades, nor did his flesh see corruption. Acts
ii. 31 (Rev. Ver.).
And in Hades he lifted up his eyes, being in torments. Luke xvi.23
(Rev. Ver.).

HADJ
Hadj, n. Etym: [Ar.hajj, fr. hajja to set out, walk, go on a
pilgrimage.]

Defn: The pilgrimage to Mecca, performed by Mohammedans.

HADJI
Hadj"i, n. Etym: [Ar. haji. See Hadj.]

1. A Mohammedan pilgrim to Mecca; -- used among Orientals as a
respectful salutation or a title of honor. G. W. Curtis.

2. A Greek or Armenian who has visited the holy sepulcher at
Jerusalem. Heyse.

HADROSAURUS
Had`ro*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "adro`s thick + say^ros
lizard.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An American herbivorous dinosaur of great size, allied to the
iguanodon. It is found in the Cretaceous formation.

HAECCEITY
Hæc*ce`i*ty, Etym: [L. hæcce this.] (Logic)

Defn: Literally, this-ness. A scholastic term to express
individuality or singleness; as, this book.

HAEMA-; HAEMATO-; HAEMO-
Haem"a- (, Haem"a*to- (, Hæm"o- (. Etym: [Gr. ai^"ma, blood.]

Defn: Combining forms indicating relation or resemblance to blood,
association with blood; as, hæmapod, hæmatogenesis, hæmoscope.

Note: Words from Gr. (hema-, hemato-, hemo-, as well as hæma-,
hæmato-, hæmo-.

HAEMACHROME
Hæm"a*chrome ( or ), n. Etym: [Hæma- + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Hematin.

HAEMACYANIN
Hæm`a*cy"a*nin, n. Etym: [Hæma- + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A substance found in the blood of the octopus, which gives to
it its blue color.

Note: When deprived of oxygen it is colorless, but becomes quickly
blue in contact with oxygen, and is then generally called
oxyhæmacyanin. A similar blue coloring matter has been detected in
small quantity in the blood of other animals and in the bile.

HAEMACYTOMETER
Hæm`a*cy*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hæma + Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An apparatus for determining the number of corpuscles in a
given quantity of blood.

HAEMAD
Hæ"mad, adv. Etym: [Hæma- + L. ad toward.] (Anat.)

Defn: Toward the hæmal side; on the hæmal side of; -- opposed to
neurad.

HAEMADROMETER; HAEMADROMOMETER
Hæm`a*drom"e*ter, Hæm`a*dro*mom"e*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Hemadrometer.

HAEMADROMETRY; HAEMADROMOMETRY
Haem`a*drom"e*try,Haem`a*dro*mom"e*try, n.

Defn: Same as Hemadrometry.

HAEMADROMOGRAPH
Hæm`a*drom"o*graph, n. Etym: [Hæma- + Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for registering the velocity of the blood.

HAEMADYNAMETER; HAEMADYNAMOMETER
Hae`ma*dy*nam"e*ter ( or ) Hae`ma*dy`na*mom"e*ter ( or ),

Defn: Same as Hemadynamometer.

HAEMADYNAMICS
Hæma*dy*nam"ics (, n.

Defn: Same as Hemadynamics.

HAEMAL
Hæ"mal, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the blood or blood vessels; also, ventral. See
Hemal.

HAEMAPHAEIN
Hæm`a*phæ"in, n. Etym: [Hæma- + Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A brownish substance sometimes found in the blood, in cases of
jaundice.

HAEMAPOD
Hæm"a*pod ( or ), n. Etym: [Hæma + -pod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An hæmapodous animal. G. Rolleston.

HAEMAPODOUS
Hæ*map"o*dous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the limbs on, or directed toward, the ventral or hemal
side, as in vertebrates; -- opposed to neuropodous.

HAEMAPOIETIC
Hæm`a*poi*et"ic ( or ), a. Etym: [Hæma- + Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Bloodforming; as, the hæmapoietic function of the spleen.

HAEMAPOPHYSIS
Hæm`a*poph"y*sis, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Same as Hemapophysis.
 -- Hæm`a*po*phys"i*al, a.

HAEMASTATICS
Hæm`a*stat"ics, n.

Defn: Same as Hemastatics.

HAEMATACHOMETER
Hæm`a*ta*chom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hæma- + Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A form of apparatus (somewhat different from the hemadrometer)
for measuring the velocity of the blood.

HAEMATACHOMETRY
Hæm`a*ta*chom"e*try, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The measurement of the velocity of the blood.

HAEMATEMESIS
Hæm`a*tem"e*sis, n.

Defn: Same as Hematemesis.

HAEMATIC
Hæ*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the blood; sanguine; brownish red. Hæmatic
acid (Physiol.), a hypothetical acid, supposed to be formed from
hemoglobin during its oxidation in the lungs, and to have the power
of freeing carbonic acid from the sodium carbonate of the serum.
Thudichum.

HAEMATIN
Hæm"a*tin, n.

Defn: Same as Hematin.

HAEMATINOMETER
Hæm`a*ti*nom"e*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Hematinometer.

HAEMATINOMETRIC
Hæm`a*tin`o*met"ric, a.

Defn: Same as Hematinometric.

HAEMATITE
Hæm"a*tite, n.

Defn: Same as Hematite.

HAEMATITIC
Hæm`a*tit"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of a blood-red color; crimson; (Bot.) brownish red.

HAEMATO-
Hæm"a*to- ( or ), prefix.

Defn: See Hæma-.

HAEMATOBLAST
Hæm"a*to*blast, n. Etym: [Hæmato- + -blast.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the very minute, disk-shaped bodies found in blood with
the ordinary red corpuscles and white corpuscles; a third kind of
blood corpuscle, supposed by some to be an early stage in the
development of the red corpuscles; -- called also blood plaque, and
blood plate.

HAEMATOCRYA
Hæm`a*toc"ry*a, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cold-blooded vertebrates. Same as Hematocrya.

HAEMATOCRYAL
Hæm`*a*toc"ry*al, a.

Defn: Cold-blooded.

HAEMATOCRYSTALLIN
Hæm`a*to*crys"tal*lin, n.

Defn: Same as Hematocrystallin.

HAEMATODYNAMOMETER
Hæ`ma*to*dy`na*mom"e*ter ( or ), n.

Defn: Same as Hemadynamometer.

HAEMATOGENESIS
Hæm`a*to*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Hæmato- + genesis.] (Physiol.)
(a) The origin and development of blood.
(b) The transformation of venous arterial blood by respiration;
hematosis.

HAEMATOGENIC
Hæm`a*to*gen"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Relating to hæmatogenesis.

HAEMATOGENOUS
Hæm`a*tog"e*nous, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Originating in the blood.

HAEMATOGLOBULIN
Hæm`a*to*glob"u*lin, n.

Defn: Same as Hematoglobin.

HAEMATOID
Hæm"a*toid, a.

Defn: Same as Hematoid.

HAEMATOIDIN
Hæm`a*toid"in, n.

Defn: Same as Hematoidin.

HAEMATOIN
Hæ*mat"o*in, n. Etym: [Hæmato- + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A substance formed from the hematin of blood, by removal of the
iron through the action of concentrated sulphuric acid. Two like
bodies, called respectively hæmatoporphyrin and hæmatolin, are formed
in a similar manner.

HAEMATOLIN
Hæ*mat"o*lin, n.

Defn: See Hæmatoin.

HAEMATOLOGY
Hæm`a*tol"o*gy ( or ), n.

Defn: The science which treats of the blood. Same as Hematology.

HAEMATOLYSIS
Hæm`a*tol"y*sis, n. [NL.; hæmato- + Gr.  a loosing, dissolving, fr.
to loose, dissolve.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Dissolution of the red blood corpuscles with diminished
coagulability of the blood; hæmolysis. -- Hæm`a*to*lyt"ic (#), a.

HAEMATOMETER
Hæm`a*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hæmato- + -meter.] (Physiol.)
(a) Same as Hemadynamometer.
(b) An instrument for determining the number of blood corpuscles in a
given quantity of blood.

HAEMATOPHILINA
Hæm`a*to*ph*i*li"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. -gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Cheiroptera, including the bloodsucking bats. See
Vampire.

HAEMATOPLAST
Hæm"a*to*plast`, n. Etym: [Hæmato- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Hæmatoblast.

HAEMATOPLASTIC
Hæm`a*to*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Hæmato- + -plastic.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Blood formative; -- applied to a substance in early fetal life,
which breaks up gradually into blood vessels.

HAEMATOPORPHYRIN
Hæm`a*to*por"phy*rin, n. Etym: [Hæmato- + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: See Hæmatoin.

HAEMATOSAC
Hæm"a*to*sac`, n. Etym: [Hæmato- + sac.] (Anat.)

Defn: A vascular sac connected, beneath the brain, in many fishes,
with the infundibulum.

HAEMATOSCOPE
Hæm"a*to*scope`, n.

Defn: A hæmoscope.

HAEMATOSIN
Hæm`a*to"sin ( or ), n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Hematin. [R.]

HAEMATOSIS
Hæm`a*to"sis, n.

Defn: Same as Hematosis.

HAEMATOTHERMA
Hæm`a*to*ther"ma, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Hematotherma.

HAEMATOTHERMAL
Hæm`a*to*ther"mal, a.

Defn: Warm-blooded; homoiothermal.

HAEMATOTHORAX
Hæm`a*to*tho"rax, n.

Defn: Same as Hemothorax.

HAEMATOXYLIN
Hæm`a*tox"y*lin, n. Etym: [See Hæmatoxylon.] (Chem.)

Defn: The coloring principle of logwood. It is obtained as a yellow
crystalline substance, C16H14O6, with a sweetish taste. Formerly
called also hematin.

HAEMATOXYLON
Hæm`a*tox"y*lon, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous plants containing but a single species,
the H. Campechianum or logwood tree, native in Yucatan.

HAEMATOZOON; HAEMATOZOOEN
Hæm`a*to*zo"ön, n.; pl. Hæmatozoa. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A parasite inhabiting the blood; esp.:
(a) Certain species of nematodes of the genus Filaria, sometimes
found in the blood of man, the horse, the dog, etc.
(b) The trematode, Bilharzia hæmatobia, which infests the inhabitants
of Egypt and other parts of Africa, often causing death.

HAEMIC
Hæ"mic ( or )

Defn: ,

HAEMIN
Hæ"min, n.

Defn: Same as Hemin.

HAEMO-
Hæm"o- ( or ), prefix.

Defn: See Hæma-.

HAEMOCHROME
Hæm"ochrome, n.

Defn: Same as Hæmachrome.

HAEMOCHROMOGEN
Hæm`o*chro"mogen, n. Etym: [Hæmochrome + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A body obtained from hemoglobin, by the action of reducing
agents in the absence of oxygen.

HAEMOCHROMOMETER
Hæm`o*chro*mom`e*ter, n. Etym: [Hæmochrome + -meter.] (Physiol.
Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus for measuring the amount of hemoglobin in a fluid,
by comparing it with a solution of known strength and of normal
color.

HAEMOCYANIN
Hæm`o*cy"a*nin, n.

Defn: Same as Hæmacyanin.

HAEMOCYTOLYSIS
Hæm`o*cy*tol"y*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: See Hæmocytotrypsis.

HAEMOCYTOMETER
Hæm`o*cy*tom"e*ter, n.

Defn: See Hæmacytometer.

HAEMOCYTOTRYPSIS
Hæm`o*cy`to*tryp"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A breaking up of the blood corpuscles, as by pressure, in
distinction from solution of the corpuscles, or hæmcytolysis.

HAEMODROMOGRAPH
Hæm`o*drom"o*graph, n.

Defn: Same as Hæmadromograph.

HAEMODROMOMETER
Hæm`o*dro*mom"e*ter(-dro*mom"e*ter),n.

Defn: Same as Hemadrometer.

HAEMODYNAMETER
Hæ`mo*dy*nam"e*ter ( or ), n.

Defn: Same as Hemadynamics.

HAEMODYNAMICS
Hæ`mo*dy*nam"ics,n.

Defn: Same as Hemadynamics.

HAEMOGLOBIN
Hæm`o*glo"bin, n.

Defn: Same as Hemoglobin.

HAEMOGLOBINOMETER
Hæm`o*glo`bin*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hæmoglobin + -meter.]

Defn: Same as Hemochromometer.

HAEMOL
Hæ"mol, n. [Gr.  blood.] (Chem.)

Defn: A dark brown powder containing iron, prepared by the action of
zinc dust as a reducing agent upon the coloring matter of the blood,
used medicinally as a hematinic.

HAEMOLUTEIN
Hæm`o*lu"te*in, n. Etym: [Hæmo- + corpus luteum.] (Physiol.)

Defn: See Hematoidin.

HAEMOLYSIS; HAEMOLYTIC
Hæ*mol"y*sis, n., Hæm`o*lyt"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Hæmatolysis, Hæmatolytic.

HAEMOMANOMETER
Hæm`o*ma*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hæmo- + manometer.]

Defn: Same as Hemadynamometer.

HAEMOMETER
Hæ*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hæmo- + -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Hemadynamometer.

HAEMONY
Hæ"mo*ny, n. Etym: [L. Hæmonia a name of Thessaly, the land of
magic.]

Defn: A plant described by Milton as "of sovereign use against all
enchantments."

HAEMOPLASTIC
Hæmo*plas"tic, a.

Defn: Same as Hæmatoplastic.

HAEMORRHOIDAL
Hæm"or*rhoid"al, a.

Defn: Same as Hemorrhoidal.

HAEMOSCOPE
Hæm"o*scope ( or ), n. Etym: [Hæmo- + -scope.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument devised by Hermann, for regulating and measuring
the thickness of a layer of blood for spectroscopic examination.

HAEMOSTATIC
Hæm`o*stat"ic, a.

Defn: Same Hemostatic.

HAEMOTACHOMETER
Hæm`o*ta*chom"e*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Hæmatachometer.

HAEMOTACHOMETRY
Hæm`o*ta*chom"e*try, n.

Defn: Same as Hæmatachometry.

HAF
Haf, imp. of Heave.

Defn: Hove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HAFFLE
Haf"fle, v. i. Etym: [Cf. G. haften to cling, stick to, Prov. G., to
stop, stammer.]

Defn: To stammer; to speak unintelligibly; to prevaricate.
[Prov.Eng.] Halliwell.

HAFT
Haft, n. Etym: [AS. hæft; akin to D. & G. heft, Icel. hepti, and to
E. Heave, or have. Cf. Heft.]

1. A handle; that part of an instrument or vessel taken into the
hand, and by which it is held and used; -- said chiefly of a knife,
sword, or dagger; the hilt.
This brandish'dagger I'll bury to the haft in her fair breast.
Dryden.

2. A dwelling. [Scot.] Jamieson.

HAFT
Haft, v. t.

Defn: To set in, or furnish with, a haft; as, to haft a dagger.

HAFTER
Haft"er, n. [haften to cling or stick to, and E. haffle.]

Defn: A caviler; a wrangler. [Obs.] Baret.

HAG
Hag, n. Etym: [OE. hagge, hegge, with, hag, AS. hægtesse; akin to
OHG. hagazussa, G. hexe, D. heks, Dan. hex, Sw. häxa. The first part
of the word is prob. the same as E. haw, hedge, and the orig. meaning
was perh., wood woman, wild woman.

1. A witch, sorceress, or enchantress; also, a wizard. [Obs.]
"[Silenus] that old hag." Golding.

2. An ugly old woman.

3. A fury; a she-monster. Grashaw.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An eel-like marine marsipobranch (Myxine glutinosa), allied to
the lamprey. It has a suctorial mouth, with labial appendages, and a
single pair of gill openings. It is the type of the order
Hyperotpeta. Called also hagfish, borer, slime eel, sucker, and
sleepmarken.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hagdon or shearwater.

6. An appearance of light and fire on a horse's mane or a man's hair.
Blount. Hag moth (Zoöl.), a moth (Phobetron pithecium), the larva of
which has curious side appendages, and feeds on fruit trees.
 -- Hag's tooth (Naut.), an ugly irregularity in the pattern of
matting or pointing.

HAG
Hag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Hagging.]

Defn: To harass; to weary with vexation.
How are superstitious men hagged out of their wits with the fancy of
omens. L'Estrange.

HAG
Hag, n. Etym: [Scot. hag to cut; cf. E. hack.]

1. A small wood, or part of a wood or copse, which is marked off or
inclosed for felling, or which has been felled.
This said, he led me over hoults and hags; Through thorns and bushes
scant my legs I drew. Fairfax.

2. A quagmire; mossy ground where peat or turf has been cut. Dugdale.

HAGBERRY
Hag"ber"ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Prunus (P. Padus); the bird cherry.
[Scot.]

HAGBORN
Hag"born`, a.

Defn: Born of a hag or witch. Shak.

HAGBUT
Hag"but, n. Etym: [OF. haquebute, prob. a corruption of D. haakbus;
haak hook + bus gun barrel. See Hook, and 2d Box, and cf. Arquebus.]

Defn: A harquebus, of which the but was bent down or hooked for
convenience in taking aim. [Written also haguebut and hackbuss.]

HAGBUTTER
Hag"but*ter, n.

Defn: A soldier armed with a hagbut or arquebus. [Written also
hackbutter.] Froude.

HAGDON
Hag"don, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of sea birds of the genus Puffinus;
esp., P. major, the greater shearwarter, and P. Stricklandi, the
black hagdon or sooty shearwater; -- called also hagdown, haglin, and
hag. See Shearwater.

HAGFISH
Hag"fish`(-fish`),n.(Zoöl.)

Defn: See Hag, 4.

HAGGADA
Hag*ga"da, n.; pl. Haggadoth. Etym: [Rabbinic haggadha, fr. Heb.
higgidh to relate.]

Defn: A story, anecdote, or legend in the Talmud, to explain or
illustrate the text of the Old Testament. [Written also hadaga.]

HAGGARD
Hag"gard, a. Etym: [F. hagard; of German origin, and prop. meaning,
of the hegde or woods, wild, untamed. See Hedge, 1st Haw, and -ard.]

1. Wild or intractable; disposed to break away from duty; untamed;
as, a haggard or refractory hawk. [Obs.] Shak

2. Etym: [For hagged, fr. hag a witch, influenced by haggard wild.]

Defn: Having the expression of one wasted by want or suffering;
hollow-eyed; having the features distorted or wasted, or anxious in
appearance; as, haggard features, eyes.
Staring his eyes, and haggard was his look. Dryden.

HAGGARD
Hag"gard, n. Etym: [See Haggard, a.]

1. (Falconry)

Defn: A young or untrained hawk or falcon.

2. A fierce, intractable creature.
I have loved this proud disdainful haggard. Shak.

3. Etym: [See Haggard, a., 2.]

Defn: A hag. [Obs.] Garth.

HAGGARD
Hag"gard, n. Etym: [See 1st Haw, Hedge, and Yard an inclosed space.]

Defn: A stackyard. [Prov. Eng.] Swift.

HAGGARDLY
Hag"gard*ly, adv.

Defn: In a haggard manner. Dryden.

HAGGED
Hag"ged, a.

Defn: Like a hag; lean; ugly. [R.]

HAGGIS
Hag"gis, n. Etym: [Scot. hag to hack, chop, E. hack. Formed, perhaps,
in imitation of the F. hachis (E. hash), fr. hacher.]

Defn: A Scotch pudding made of the heart, liver, lights, etc., of a
sheep or lamb, minced with suet, onions, oatmeal, etc., highly
seasoned, and boiled in the stomach of the same animal; minced head
and pluck. [Written also haggiss, haggess, and haggies.]

HAGGISH
Hag"gish, a.

Defn: Like a hag; ugly; wrinkled.
But on both did haggish age steal on. Shak.

HAGGISHLY
Hag"gish*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a hag.

HAGGLE
Hag"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Haggling.]
Etym: [Freq. of Scot. hag, E. hack. See Hack to cut.]

Defn: To cut roughly or hack; to cut into small pieces; to notch or
cut in an unskillful manner; to make rough or mangle by cutting; as,
a boy haggles a stick of wood.
Suffolk first died, and York, all haggled o'er, Comes to him, where
in gore he lay insteeped. Shak.

HAGGLE
Hag"gle, v. i.

Defn: To be difficult in bargaining; to stick at small matters; to
chaffer; to higgle.
Royalty and science never haggled about the value of blood. Walpole.

HAGGLE
Hag"gle, n.

Defn: The act or process of haggling. Carlyle.

HAGGLER
Hag"gler, n.

1. One who haggles or is difficult in bargaining.

2. One who forestalls a market; a middleman between producer and
dealer in London vegetable markets.

HAGIARCHY
Ha"gi*ar`chy, n. Etym: [Gr. -archy.]

Defn: A sacred government; by holy orders of men. Southey.

HAGIOCRACY
Ha`gi*oc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Government by a priesthood; hierarchy.

HAGIOGRAPHA
Ha`gi*og"ra*pha, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. The last of the three Jewish divisions of the Old Testament, or
that portion not contained in the Law and the Prophets. It comprises
Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Canticles, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes,
Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, and Chronicles.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The lives of the saints. Brande & C.

HAGIOGRAPHAL
Ha`gi*og"ra*phal

Defn: , Pertaining to the hagiographa, or to sacred writings.

HAGIOGRAPHER
Ha`gi*og"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One of the writers of the hagiographa; a writer of lives of the
saints. Shipley.

HAGIOGRAPHY
Ha`gi*og"ra*phy (, 277), n.

Defn: Same Hagiographa.

HAGIOLATRY
Ha`gi*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The invocation or worship of saints.

HAGIOLOGIST
Ha`gi*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who treats of the sacred writings; a writer of the lives of
the saints; a hagiographer. Tylor.
Hagiologists have related it without scruple. Southey.

HAGIOLOGY
Ha`gi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The history or description of the sacred writings or of sacred
persons; a narrative of the lives of the saints; a catalogue of
saints. J. H. Newman.

HAGIOSCOPE
Ha"gi*o*scope`, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: An opening made in the interior walls of a cruciform church to
afford a view of the altar to those in the transepts; -- called, in
architecture, a squint. Hook.

HAG-RIDDEN
Hag"-rid`den, a.

Defn: Ridden by a hag or witch; hence, afflicted with nightmare.
Beattie. Cheyne.

HAGSEED
Hag"seed`, n.

Defn: The offspring of a hag. Shak.

HAGSHIP
Hag"ship, n.

Defn: The state or title of a hag. Middleton.

HAG-TAPER
Hag"-ta`per, n. Etym: [Cf. 1st Hag, and Hig-taper.] (Bot.)

Defn: The great woolly mullein (Verbascum Thapsus).

HAGUEBUT
Hague"but, n.

Defn: See Hagbut.

HAGUE TRIBUNAL
Hague Tribunal.

Defn: The permanent court of arbitration created by the
"International Convention for the Pacific Settle of International
Disputes.", adopted by the International Peace Conference of 1899. It
is composed of persons of known competency in questions of
international law, nominated by the signatory powers. From these
persons an arbitration tribunal is chosen by the parties to a
difference submitted to the court. On the failure of the parties to
agree directly on the arbitrators, each chooses two arbitrators, an
umpire is selected by them, by a third power, or by two powers
selected by the parties.

HAH
Hah, interj.

Defn: Same as Ha.

HA-HA
Ha-ha", n. Etym: [See Haw-haw.]

Defn: A sunk fence; a fence, wall, or ditch, not visible till one is
close upon it. [Written also haw-haw.]

HAIDINGERITE
Hai"ding*er*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral consisting of the arseniate of lime; -- so named in
honor of W. Haidinger, of Vienna.

HAIDUCK
Hai"duck, n. Etym: [G. haiduck, heiduck, fr. Hung. hajdu.]

Defn: Formerly, a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary, now, a
halberdier of a Hungarian noble, or an attendant in German or
Hungarian courts. [Written also hayduck, heiduc, heiduck, and
heyduk.]

HAIK
Haik, n. Etym: [Ar. haik, fr. haka to weave.]

Defn: A large piece of woolen or cotton cloth worn by Arabs as an
outer garment. [Written also hyke.] Heyse.

HAIKAL
Hai"kal, n.

Defn: The central chapel of the three forming the sanctuary of a
Coptic church. It contains the high altar, and is usually closed by
an embroidered curtain.

HAIKWAN
Hai"kwan", n. [Chin. 'hai-kuan.]

Defn: Chinese maritime customs.

HAIKWAN TAEL
Haikwan tael.

Defn: A Chinese weight ( 1/10 catty) equivalent to 1 1/3 oz. or
37.801 g.

HAIL
Hail, n. Etym: [OE. hail, ha, AS. hægel; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw.
hagel; Icel. hagl; cf. Gr.

Defn: Small roundish masses of ice precipitated from the clouds,
where they are formed by the congelation of vapor. The separate
masses or grains are called hailstones.
Thunder mixed with hail, Hail mixed with fire, must rend the Egyptian
sky. Milton.

HAIL
Hail, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Halled; p. pr. & vb. n. Halting.] Etym:
[OE. hailen, AS. haqalian.]

Defn: To pour down particles of ice, or frozen vapors.

HAIL
Hail, v. t.

Defn: To pour forcibly down, as hail. Shak.

HAIL
Hail, a.

Defn: Healthy. See Hale (the preferable spelling).

HAIL
Hail, v. t. Etym: [OE. hailen, heilen, Icel. heil hale, sound, used
in greeting. See Hale sound.]

1. To call loudly to, or after; to accost; to salute; to address.

2. To name; to designate; to call.
And such a son as all men hailed me happy. Milton.

HAIL
Hail, v. i.

1. To declare, by hailing, the port from which a vessel sails or
where she is registered; hence, to sail; to come; -- used with from;
as, the steamer hails from New York.

2. To report as one's home or the place from whence one comes; to
come; -- with from. [Colloq.] G. G. Halpine.

HAIL
Hail, interj. Etym: [See Hail, v. t.]

Defn: An exclamation of respectful or reverent salutation, or,
occasionally, of familiar greeting. "Hail, brave friend." Shak. All
hail. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Hail Mary, a form of prayer made use of in the Roman Catholic
Church in invocation of the Virgin. See Ave Maria.

HAIL
Hail, n.

Defn: A wish of health; a salutation; a loud call. "Their puissant
hail." M. Arnold.
The angel hail bestowed. Milton.

HAIL-FELLOW
Hail"-fel`low, n.

Defn: An intimate companion.
Hail-fellow well met. Lyly.

HAILSE
Hailse, v. t. Etym: [OE. hailsen, Icel. heilsa. Cf. Hall to call to.]

Defn: To greet; to salute. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

HAILSHOT
Hail"shot`, n. pl.

Defn: Small shot which scatter like hailstones. [Obs.] Hayward.

HAILSTONE
Hail"stone`, n.

Defn: A single particle of ice falling from a cloud; a frozen
raindrop; a pellet of hail.

HAILSTORM
Hail"storm`, n.

Defn: A storm accompanied with hail; a shower of hail.

HAILY
Hai"ly, a.

Defn: Of hail. "Haily showers." Pope.

HAIN
Hain, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Sw. hägn hedge, inclosure, Dan. hegn hedge,
fence. See Hedge.]

Defn: To inclose for mowing; to set aside for grass. "A ground . . .
hained in." Holland.

HAIN
Hain (han), v. t. [Cf. Sw. hägn hedge, inclosure, Dan. hegn hedge,
fence. See Hedge.]

Defn: To inclose for mowing; to set aside for grass. "A ground . . .
hained in."  Holland.

HAIN'T
Hain't

Defn: . A contraction of have not or has not; as, I hain't, he
hain't, we hain't. [Colloq. or illiterate speech.] [Written also
han't.]

HAIR
Hair, n. Etym: [OE. her, heer, hær, AS. hær; akin to OFries, her, D.
& G. haar, OHG. & Icel. har, Dan. haar, Sw. hår; cf. Lith. kasa.]

1. The collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an
animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part
or the whole of the body.

2. One the above-mentioned filaments, consisting, in invertebrate
animals, of a long, tubular part which is free and flexible, and a
bulbous root imbedded in the skin.
Then read he me how Sampson lost his hairs. Chaucer.
And draweth new delights with hoary hairs. Spenser.

3. Hair (human or animal) used for various purposes; as, hair for
stuffing cushions.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A slender outgrowth from the chitinous cuticle of insects,
spiders, crustaceans, and other invertebrates. Such hairs are totally
unlike those of vertebrates in structure, composition, and mode of
growth.

5. An outgrowth of the epidermis, consisting of one or of several
cells, whether pointed, hooked, knobbed, or stellated. Internal hairs
occur in the flower stalk of the yellow frog lily (Nuphar).

6. A spring device used in a hair-trigger firearm.

7. A haircloth. [Obc.] Chaucer.

8. Any very small distance, or degree; a hairbreadth.

Note: Hairs is often used adjectively or in combination; as,
hairbrush or hair brush, hair dye, hair oil, hairpin, hair powder, a
brush, a dye, etc., for the hair. Against the hair, in a rough and
disagreeable manner; against the grain. [Obs.] "You go against the
hair of your professions." Shak.
 -- Hair bracket (Ship Carp.), a molding which comes in at the back
of, or runs aft from, the figurehead.
 -- Hair cells (Anat.), cells with hairlike processes in the sensory
epithelium of certain parts of the internal ear.
 -- Hair compass, Hair divider, a compass or divider capable of
delicate adjustment by means of a screw.
 -- Hair glove, a glove of horsehair for rubbing the skin.
 -- Hair lace, a netted fillet for tying up the hair of the head.
Swift.
 -- Hair line, a line made of hair; a very slender line.
 -- Hair moth (Zoöl.), any moth which destroys goods made of hair,
esp. Tinea biselliella.
 -- Hair pencil, a brush or fine hair, for painting; -- generally
called by the name of the hair used; as, a camel's hair pencil, a
sable's hair pencil, etc.
 -- Hair plate, an iron plate forming the back of the hearth of a
bloomery fire.
 -- Hair powder, a white perfumed powder, as of flour or starch,
formerly much used for sprinkling on the hair of the head, or on
wigs.
 -- Hair seal (Zoöl.), any one of several species of eared seals
which do not produce fur; a sea lion.
 -- Hair seating, haircloth for seats of chairs, etc.
 -- Hair shirt, a shirt, or a band for the loins, made of horsehair,
and worn as a penance.
 -- Hair sieve, a strainer with a haircloth bottom.
 -- Hair snake. See Gordius.
 -- Hair space (Printing), the thinnest metal space used in lines of
type.
 -- Hair stroke, a delicate stroke in writing.
 -- Hair trigger, a trigger so constructed as to discharge a firearm
by a very slight pressure, as by the touch of a hair. Farrow.
 -- Not worth a hair, of no value.
 -- To a hair, with the nicest distinction.
 -- To split hairs, to make distinctions of useless nicety.

HAIRBELL
Hair"bell`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Harebell.

HAIRBIRD
Hair"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chipping sparrow.

HAIRBRAINED
Hair"brained`, a.

Defn: See Harebrained.

HAIRBREADTH; HAIR'SBREADTH
Hair"breadth`, Hair's"breadth`, a.

Defn: The diameter or breadth of a hair; a very small distance;
sometimes, definitely, the forty-eighth part of an inch.
Every one could sling stones at an hairbreadth and not miss. Judg.
xx. 16

HAIRBREADTH
Hair"breadth`, a.

Defn: Having the breadth of a hair; very narrow; as, a hairbreadth
escape.

HAIR-BROWN
Hair"-brown`, a.

Defn: Of a clear tint of brown, resembling brown human hair. It is
composed of equal proportions of red and green.

HAIRBRUSH
Hair"brush`, n.

Defn: A brush for cleansing and smoothing the hair.

HAIRCLOTH
Hair"cloth`, n.

Defn: Stuff or cloth made wholly or in part of hair.

HAIRDRESSER
Hair"dress`er, n.

Defn: One who dresses or cuts hair; a barber.

HAIRED
Haired, a.

1. Having hair. "A beast haired like a bear." Purchas.

2. In composition: Having (such) hair; as, red-haired.

HAIREN
Hai"ren, a. Etym: [AS. h.]

Defn: Hairy. [Obc.]
His hairen shirt and his ascetic diet. J. Taylor.

HAIR GRASS
Hair" grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: A grass with very slender leaves or branches; as the Agrostis
scabra, and several species of Aira or Deschampsia.

HAIRINESS
Hair"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of abounding, or being covered, with hair. Johnson.

HAIRLESS
Hair"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of hair. Shak.

HAIRPIN
Hair"pin` (, n.

Defn: A pin, usually forked, or of bent wire, for fastening the hair
in place, -- used by women.

HAIR-SALT
Hair"-salt`, n. Etym: [A translation of G. haarsalz.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of native Epsom salt occurring in silky fibers.

HAIRSPLITTER
Hair"split`ter, n.

Defn: One who makes excessively nice or needless distinctions in
reasoning; one who quibbles. "The caviling hairsplitter." De Quincey.

HAIRSPLITTING
Hair"split`ting, a.

Defn: Making excessively nice or trivial distinctions in reasoning;
subtle.
 -- n.

Defn: The act or practice of making trivial distinctions.
The ancient hairsplitting technicalities of special pleading. Charles
Sumner.

HAIRSPRING
Hair"spring`, n. (Horology)

Defn: The slender recoil spring which regulates the motion of the
balance in a timepiece.

HAIRSTREAK
Hair"streak`, n.

Defn: A butterfly of the genus Thecla; as, the green hairstreak (T.
rubi).

HAIRTAIL
Hair"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of marine fishes of the genus Trichiurus; esp., T.
lepterus of Europe and America. They are long and like a band, with a
slender, pointed tail. Called also bladefish.

HAIRWORM
Hair"worm`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A nematoid worm of the genus Gordius, resembling a hair. See
Gordius.

HAIRY
Hair"y, a.

Defn: Bearing or covered with hair; made of or resembling hair; rough
with hair; rough with hair; rough with hair; hirsute.
His mantle hairy, and his bonnet sedge. Milton.

HAITIAN
Hai"ti*an, a. & n.

Defn: See Haytian.

HAJE
Ha"je, n. Etym: [Ar. hayya snake.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Egyptian asp or cobra (Naja haje.) It is related to the
cobra of India, and like the latter has the power of inflating its
neck into a hood. Its bite is very venomous. It is supposed to be the
snake by means of whose bite Cleopatra committed suicide, and hence
is sometimes called Cleopatra's snake or asp. See Asp.

HAKE
Hake, n. Etym: [See Hatch a half door.]

Defn: A drying shed, as for unburned tile.

HAKE
Hake, n. [Also haak.] Etym: [Akin to Norweg. hakefisk, lit., hook
fish, Prov. E. hake hook, G. hecht pike. See Hook.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of marine gadoid fishes, of the genera
Phycis, Merlucius, and allies. The common European hake is M.
vulgaris; the American silver hake or whiting is M. bilinearis. Two
American species (Phycis chuss and P. tenius) are important food
fishes, and are also valued for their oil and sounds. Called also
squirrel hake, and codling.

HAKE
Hake, v. t.

Defn: To loiter; to sneak. [Prov. Eng.]

HAKE'S-DAME
Hake's"-dame`, n.

Defn: See Forkbeard.

HAKETON
Hak"e*ton, n.

Defn: Same as Acton. [Obs.]

HAKIM
Ha*kim", n. Etym: [Ar. hakim.]

Defn: A wise man; a physician, esp. a Mohammedan. [India]

HAKIM
Ha"kim, n. Etym: [Ar. hakim.]

Defn: A Mohammedan title for a ruler; a judge. [India]

HALACHA
Ha*la"cha, n.; pl. Halachoth(Etym: [Heb. halachah.]

Defn: The general term for the Hebrew oral or traditional law; one of
two branches of exposition in the Midrash. See Midrash.

HALATION
Ha*la"tion, n. (Photog.)

Defn: An appearance as of a halo of light, surround the edges of dark
object

HALBERD
Hal"berd, n. Etym: [F. hallebarde; of German origin; cf. MHG.
helmbarte, G. hellebarte; prob. orig., an ax to split a helmet, fr.
G. barte a broad ax (orig. from the same source as E. beard; cf.
Icel. bar, a kind of ax, skegg beard, skeggia a kind of halberd) +
helm helmet; but cf. also MNG. helm, halm, handle, and E. helve. See
Beard, Helmet.] (Mil.)

Defn: An ancient long-handled weapon, of which the head had a point
and several long, sharp edges, curved or straight, and sometimes
additional points. The heads were sometimes of very elaborate form.
[Written also halbert.]

HALBERDIER
Hal`berd*ier", n. Etym: [F. hallebardier.]

Defn: One who is armed with a halberd. Strype.

HALBERD-SHAPED
Hal"berd-shaped`, a.

Defn: Hastate.

HALCYON
Hal"cy*on, n. Etym: [L. halcyon, alcyon, Gr.halcyon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kingfisher. By modern ornithologists restricted to a genus
including a limited number of species having omnivorous habits, as
the sacred kingfisher (Halcyon sancta) of Australia.
Amidst our arms as quiet you shall be As halcyons brooding on a
winter sea. Dryden.

HALCYON
Hal"cy*on, a.

1. Pertaining to, or resembling, the halcyon, which was anciently
said to lay her eggs in nests on or near the sea during the calm
weather about the winter solstice.

2. Hence: Calm; quiet; peaceful; undisturbed; happy. "Deep, halcyon
repose." De Quincy.

HALCYONIAN
Hal`cy*o"ni*an, a.

Defn: Halcyon; calm.

HALCYONOID
Hal"cy*o*noid, a. & n. Etym: [Halcyon + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Alcyonoid.

HALE
Hale, a. Etym: [Written also heil, Icel. heill; akin to E. whole. See
Whole.]

Defn: Sound; entire; healthy; robust; not impaired; as, a hale body.
Last year we thought him strong and hale. Swift.

HALE
Hale, n.

Defn: Welfare. [Obs.]
All heedless of his dearest hale. Spenser.

HALE
Hale (hal or hall; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haled (hald or halld);
p. pr. & vb. n. Haling.]

Defn: Etym: [OE. halen, halien; cf. AS. holian, to acquire, get. See
Haul.]

Defn: To pull; to drag; to haul. See Haul. Chaucer.
Easier both to freight, and to hale ashore. Milton.
As some dark priest hales the reluctant victim. Shelley.

HALESIA
Ha*le"si*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of American shrubs containing several species, called
snowdrop trees, or silver-bell trees. They have showy, white flowers,
drooping on slender pedicels.

HALF
Half, a. Etym: [AS. healf, half, half; as a noun, half, side, part;
akin to OS., OFries., & D. half, G. halb, Sw. half, Dan. halv, Icel.
halfr, Goth. halbs. Cf. Halve, Behalf.]

1. Consisting of a moiety, or half; as, a half bushel; a half hour; a
half dollar; a half view.

Note: The adjective and noun are often united to form a compound.

2. Consisting of some indefinite portion resembling a half;
approximately a half, whether more or less; partial; imperfect; as, a
half dream; half knowledge.
Assumed from thence a half consent. Tennyson.
Half ape (Zoöl.), a lemur.
 -- Half back. (Football) See under 2d Back.
 -- Half bent, the first notch, for the sear point to enter, in the
tumbler of a gunlock; the halfcock notch.
 -- Half binding, a style of bookbinding in which only the back and
corners are in leather.
 -- Half boarder, one who boards in part; specifically, a scholar at
a boarding school who takes dinner only.
 -- Half-breadth plan (Shipbuilding), a horizontal plan of the half a
vessel, divided lengthwise, showing the lines.
 -- Half cadence (Mus.), a cadence on the dominant.
 -- Half cap, a slight salute with the cap. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- A half cock, the position of the cock of a gun when retained by
the first notch.
 -- Half hitch, a sailor's knot in a rope; half of a clove hitch.
 -- Half hose, short stockings; socks.
 -- Half measure, an imperfect or weak line of action.
 -- Half note (Mus.), a minim, one half of a semibreve.
 -- Half pay, half of the wages or salary; reduced pay; as, an
officer on half pay.
 -- Half price, half the ordinary price; or a price much reduced.
 -- Half round. (a) (Arch.) A molding of semicircular section. (b)
(Mech.) Having one side flat and the other rounded; -- said of a
file.
 -- Half shift (Mus.), a position of the hand, between the open
position and the first shift, in playing on the violin and kindred
instruments. See Shift.
 -- Half step (Mus.), a semitone; the smallest difference of pitch or
interval, used in music.
 -- Half tide, the time or state of the tide equally distant from ebb
and flood.
 -- Half time, half the ordinary time for work or attendance; as, the
half-time system.
 -- Half tint (Fine Arts), a middle or intermediate tint, as in
drawing or painting. See Demitint.
 -- Half truth, a statement only partially true, or which gives only
a part of the truth. Mrs. Browning.
 -- Half year, the space of six moths; one term of a school when
there are two terms in a year.

HALF
Half, adv.

Defn: In an equal part or degree; in some paas, half-colored, half
done, half-hearted, half persuaded, half conscious. "Half loth and
half consenting." Dryden.
Their children spoke halfin the speech of Ashdod. Neh. xiii. 24

HALF
Half, n.; pl. Halves. Etym: [AS. healf. See Half, a.]

1. Part; side; behalf. [Obs.] Wyclif.
The four halves of the house. Chaucer.

2. One of two equal parts into which anything may be divided, or
considered as divided; -- sometimes followed by of; as, a half of an
apple.
Not half his riches known, and yet despised. Milton.
A friendship so complete Portioned in halves between us. Tennyson.
Better half. See under Better.
 -- In half, in two; an expression sometimes used improperly instead
of in or into halves; as, to cut in half. [Colloq.] Dickens.
 -- In, or On, one's half, in one's behalf; on one's part. [Obs.] --
To cry halves, to claim an equal share with another.
 -- To go halves, to share equally between two.

HALF
Half, v. t.

Defn: To halve. [Obs.] See Halve. Sir H. Wotton.

HALF-AND-HALF
Half`-and-half", n.

Defn: A mixture of two malt liquors, esp. porter and ale, in about
equal parts. Dickens.

HALFBEAK
Half"beak`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any slender, marine fish of the genus Hemirhamphus, having the
upper jaw much shorter than the lower; -- called also balahoo.

HALF BLOOD
Half" blood`.

1. The relation between persons born of the same father or of the
same mother, but not of both; as, a brother or sister of the half
blood. See Blood, n., 2 and 4.

2. A person so related to another.

3. A person whose father and mother are of different races; a half-
breed.

Note: In the 2d and 3d senses usually with a hyphen.

HALF-BLOODED
Half"-blood`ed, a.

1. Proceeding from a male and female of different breeds or races;
having only one parent of good stock; as, a half-blooded sheep.

2. Degenerate; mean.

HALF-BOOT
Half"-boot`, n.

Defn: A boot with a short top covering only the ankle. See Cocker,
and Congress boot, under Congress.

HALF-BOUND
Half"-bound`, n.

Defn: Having only the back and corners in leather, as a book.

HALF-BRED
Half"-bred`, a.

1. Half-blooded. [Obs.]

2. Imperfectly acquainted with the rules of good-breeding; not well
trained. Atterbury.

HALF-BREED
Half"-breed`, a.

Defn: Half-blooded.

HALF-BREED
Half"-breed`, n.

Defn: A person who is blooded; the offspring of parents of different
races, especially of the American Indian and the white race.

HALF-BROTHER
Half"-broth`er, n.

Defn: A brother by one parent, but not by both.

HALF-CASTE
Half"-caste`, n.

Defn: One born of a European parent on the one side, and of a Hindoo
or Mohammedan on the other. Also adjective; as, half-caste parents.

HALF-CLAMMED
Half"-clammed`, a.

Defn: Half-filled. [Obs.]
Lions' half-clammed entrails roar food. Marston.

HALFCOCK
Half"cock`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halfcocked(); p. pr. & vb. n.
Halfcocking.]

Defn: To set the cock of (a firearm) at the first notch. To go off
halfcocked. (a) To be discharged prematurely, or with the trigger at
half cock; -- said of a firearm. (b) To do or say something without
due thought or care. [Colloq. or Low]

HALF-CRACKED
Half"-cracked`, a.

Defn: Half-demented; half-witted. [Colloq.]

HALF-DECK
Half"-deck`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shell of the genus Crepidula; a boat shell. See Boat shell.

2. See Half deck, under Deck.

HALF-DECKED
Half"-decked`, a.

Defn: Partially decked.
The half-decked craft . . . used by the latter Vikings. Elton.

HALFEN
Half"en, a. Etym: [From Half.]

Defn: Wanting half its due qualities. [Obs.] Spencer.

HALFENDEAL
Half"en*deal`, adv. Etym: [OE. halfendele. See Half, and Deal.]

Defn: Half; by the part. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- n.

Defn: A half part. [Obs.] R. of Brunne.

HALFER
Half"er, n.

1. One who possesses or gives half only; one who shares. [Obs.] Bp.
Montagu.

2. A male fallow deer gelded. Pegge (1814).

HALF-FACED
Half"-faced`, a.

Defn: Showing only part of the face; wretched looking; meager. Shak.

HALF-FISH
Half"-fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A salmon in its fifth year of growth. [Prov. Eng.]

HALF-HATCHED
Half"-hatched`, a.

Defn: Imperfectly hatched; as, half-hatched eggs. Gay.

HALF-HEARD
Half"-heard`, a.

Defn: Imperfectly or partly heard to the end.
And leave half-heard the melancholy tale. Pope.

HALF-HEARTED
Half"-heart`ed, a.

1. Wanting in heart or spirit; ungenerous; unkind. B. Jonson.

2. Lacking zeal or courage; lukewarm. H. James.

HALF-HOURLY
Half"-hour`ly, a.

Defn: Done or happening at intervals of half an hour.

HALF-LEARNED
Half"-learned`, a.

Defn: Imperfectly learned.

HALF-LENGTH
Half"-length`, a.

Defn: Of half the whole or ordinary length, as a picture.

HALF-MAST
Half"-mast`, n.

Defn: A point some distance below the top of a mast or staff; as, a
flag a half-mast (a token of mourning, etc.).

HALF-MOON
Half"-moon`, n.

1. The moon at the quarters, when half its disk appears illuminated.

2. The shape of a half-moon; a crescent.
See how in warlike muster they appear, In rhombs, and wedges, and
half-moons, and wings. Milton.

3. (Fort.)

Defn: An outwork composed of two faces, forming a salient angle whose
gorge resembles a half-moon; -- now called a ravelin.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine, sparoid, food fish of California (Cæsiosoma
Californiense). The body is ovate, blackish above, blue or gray
below. Called also medialuna.

HALF NELSON
Half nelson. (Wrestling)

Defn: A hold in which one arm is thrust under the corresponding arm
of the opponent, generally behind, and the hand placed upon the back
of his neck. In the full nelson both hands are so placed.

HALFNESS
Half"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being half; incompleteness. [R.]
As soon as there is any departure from simplicity, and attempt at
halfness, or good for me that is not good for him, my neighbor feels
the wrong. Emerson.

HALFPACE
Half"pace`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A platform of a staircase where the stair turns back in exactly
the reverse direction of the lower flight. See Quarterpace.

Note: This term and quartepace are rare or unknown in the United
States, platform or landing being used instead.

HALF-PENNY
Half"-pen*ny(ha"pen*ny or häf"-; 277),n.;pl. Half-pence (-pens) or
Half-pennies(-pen*niz).

Defn: An English coin of the value of half a penny; also, the value
of half a penny.

HALF-PIKE
Half"-pike`, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A short pike, sometimes carried by officers of infantry,
sometimes used in boarding ships; a spontoon. Tatler.

HALF-PORT
Half"-port`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: One half of a shutter made in two parts for closing a porthole.

HALF-RAY
Half"-ray`, n. (Geom.)

Defn: A straight line considered as drawn from a center to an
indefinite distance in one direction, the complete ray being the
whole line drawn to an indefinite distance in both directions.

HALF-READ
Half"-read`, a.

Defn: Informed by insufficient reading; superficial; shallow. Dryden.

HALF SEAS OVER
Half" seas` o`ver.

Defn: Half drunk. [Slang: used only predicatively.] Spectator.

HALF-SIGHTED
Half"-sight`ed, a.

Defn: Seeing imperfectly; having weak discernment. Bacon.

HALF-SISTER
Half"-sis`ter, n.

Defn: A sister by one parent only.

HALF-STRAINED
Half"-strained`, a.

Defn: Half-bred; imperfect. [R.] "A half-strained villain." Dryden.

HALF-SWORD
Half"-sword`, n.

Defn: Half the length of a sword; close fight. "At half-sword." Shak.

HALF-TIMBERED
Half"-tim`bered, a. (Arch.)

Defn: Constructed of a timber frame, having the spaces filled in with
masonry; -- said of buildings.

HALF TONE; HALF-TONE
Half tone, or Half"-tone`, n.

1. (Fine Arts)
 (a) An intermediate or middle tone in a painting, engraving,
photograph, etc.; a middle tint, neither very dark nor very light.
 (b) A half-tone photo-engraving.

2.  (Music) A half step.

HALF-TONE
Half"-tone`, a.

Defn: Having, consisting of, or pertaining to, half tones; specif.
(Photo-engraving),

Defn: pertaining to or designating plates, processes, or the pictures
made by them, in which gradation of tone in the photograph is
reproduced by a graduated system of dotted and checkered spots,
usually nearly invisible to the unaided eye, produced by the
interposition between the camera and the object of a screen. The name
alludes to the fact that this process was the first that was
practically successful in reproducing the half tones of the
photograph.

HALF-TONGUE
Half"-tongue`, n. (O. Law)

Defn: A jury, for the trial of a fore foreigner, composed equally of
citizens and aliens.

HALFWAY
Half"way`, adv.

Defn: In the middle; at half the distance; imperfectly; partially;
as, he halfway yielded.
Temples proud to meet their gods halfway. Young.

HALFWAY
Half"way`, a.

Defn: Equally distant from the extremes; situated at an intermediate
point; midway. Halfway covenant, a practice among the Congregational
churches of New England, between 1657 and 1662, of permitting
baptized persons of moral life and orthodox faith to enjoy all the
privileges of church membership, save the partaking of the Lord's
Supper. They were also allowed to present their children for baptism.
 -- Halfway house, an inn or place of call midway on a journey.

HALF-WIT
Half"-wit`, n.

Defn: A foolish; a dolt; a blockhead; a dunce. Dryden.

HALF-WITTED
Half"-wit`ted, a.

Defn: Weak in intellect; silly.

HALF-YEARLY
Half"-year`ly, a.

Defn: Two in a year; semiannual.
 -- adv. Twice in a year; semiannually.

HALIBUT
Hal"i*but (;277), n. Etym: [OE. hali holy + but, butte, flounder;
akin to D. bot, G. butte; cf. D. heilbot, G. heilbutt. So named as
being eaten on holidays. See Holy, Holiday.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, northern, marine flatfish (Hippoglossus vulgaris), of
the family Pleuronectidæ. It often grows very large, weighing more
than three hundred pounds. It is an important food fish. [Written
also holibut.]

HALICHONDRIAE
Hal`i*chon"dri*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of sponges, having simple siliceous spicules and
keratose fibers; -- called also Keratosilicoidea.

HALICORE
Hal"i*core (; L.), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Same as Dugong.

HALIDOM
Hal"i*dom, n. Etym: [AS. haligd holiness, sacrament, sanctuary,
relics; halig holy + -d, E. -dom. See Holy.]

1. Holiness; sanctity; sacred oath; sacred things; sanctuary; -- used
chiefly in oaths. [Archaic]
So God me help and halidom. Piers Plowman.
By my halidom, I was fast asleep. Shak.

2. Holy doom; the Last Day. [R.] Shipley.

HALIEUTICS
Hal`i*eu"tics, n. Etym: [L. halieuticus pertaining to fishing, Gr.

Defn: A treatise upon fish or the art of fishing; ichthyology.

HALIMAS; HALMAS
Ha`li"mas, Hal"mas, a. Etym: [See Hallowmas.]

Defn: The feast of All Saints; Hallowmas. [Obs.]

HALIOGRAPHER
Ha`li*og"ra*pher ( or ), n.

Defn: One who writes about or describes the sea.

HALIOGRAPHY
Ha`li*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: Description of the sea; the science that treats of the sea.

HALIOTIS
Ha`li*o"tis ( or ), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine shells; the ear-shells. See Abalone.

HALIOTOID
Ha"li*o*toid` ( or ), a. Etym: [Haliots + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the genus Haliotis; ear-shaped.

HALISAURIA
Hal`i*sau"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: The Enaliosauria.

HALITE
Ha"lite ( or ), n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Native salt; sodium chloride.

HALITUOUS
Ha*lit"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. halitus breath, vapor, fr. halare to
breathe: cf. F. halitueux.]

Defn: Produced by, or like, breath; vaporous. Boyle.

HALK
Halk, n.

Defn: A nook; a corner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HALL
Hall, n. Etym: [OE. halle, hal, AS. heal, heall; akin to D. hal, OS.
& OHG. halla, G. halle, Icel. hölt, and prob. from a root meaning, to
hide, conceal, cover. See Hell, Helmet.]

1. A building or room of considerable size and stateliness, used for
public purposes; as, Westminster Hall, in London.

2.
(a) The chief room in a castle or manor house, and in early times the
only public room, serving as the place of gathering for the lord's
family with the retainers and servants, also for cooking and eating.
It was often contrasted with the bower, which was the private or
sleeping apartment.
Full sooty was her bower and eke her hall. Chaucer.
Hence, as the entrance from outside was directly into the hall:
(b) A vestibule, entrance room, etc., in the more elaborated
buildings of later times. Hence:
(c) Any corridor or passage in a building.

3. A name given to many manor houses because the magistrate's court
was held in the hall of his mansion; a chief mansion house. Cowell.

4. A college in an English university (at Oxford, an unendowed
college).

5. The apartment in which English university students dine in common;
hence, the dinner itself; as, hall is at six o'clock.

6. Cleared passageway in a crowd; -- formerly an exclamation. [Obs.]
"A hall! a hall!" B. Jonson.

Syn.
 -- Entry; court; passage. See Vestibule.

HALLAGE
Hall"age (; 48), n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A fee or toll paid for goods sold in a hall.

HALLELUIAH; HALLELUJAH
Hal`le*lu"iah, Hal`le*lu"jah, n. & interj. Etym: [Heb. See Alleluia.]

Defn: Praise ye Jehovah; praise ye the Lord; -- an exclamation used
chiefly in songs of praise or thanksgiving to God, and as an
expression of gratitude or adoration. Rev. xix. 1 (Rev. Ver. )
So sung they, and the empyrean rung With Hallelujahs. Milton.
In those days, as St. Jerome tells us,"any one as he walked in the
fields, might hear the plowman at his hallelujahs." Sharp.

HALLELUJATIC
Hal`le*lu*jat"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, hallelujahs. [R.]

HALLIARD
Hal"liard, n.

Defn: See Halyard.

HALLIDOME
Hal"li*dome, n.

Defn: Same as Halidom.

HALLIER
Hal"li*er ( or ), n. Etym: [From Hale to pull.]

Defn: A kind of net for catching birds.

HALL-MARK
Hall"-mark`, n.

Defn: The official stamp of the Goldsmiths' Company and other assay
offices, in the United Kingdom, on gold and silver articles,
attesting their purity. Also used figuratively; -- as, a word or
phrase lacks the hall-mark of the best writers.

HALLOA
Hal*loa".

Defn: See Halloo.

HALLOO
Hal*loo", n. Etym: [Perh. fr. ah + lo; cf. AS. eala, G. halloh, F.
haler to set (a dog) on. Cf. Hollo, interj.]

Defn: A loud exclamation; a call to invite attention or to incite a
person or an animal; a shout.
List! List! I hear Some far off halloo break the silent air. Milton.

HALLOO
Hal*loo", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hallooed; p. pr. & vb. n. Halloing.]

Defn: To cry out; to exclaim with a loud voice; to call to a person,
as by the word halloo.
Country folks hallooed and hooted after me. Sir P. Sidney.

HALLOO
Hal*loo", v. t.

1. To encourage with shouts.
Old John hallooes his hounds again. Prior.

2. To chase with shouts or outcries.
If I fly . . . Halloo me like a hare. Shak.

3. To call or shout to; to hail. Shak.

HALLOO
Hal*loo", interj. Etym: [OE. halow. See Halloo, n.]

Defn: An exclamation to call attention or to encourage one.

HALLOW
Hal"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hallowed(); p. pr. & vb. n. Hallowing.]
Etym: [OE. halowen, halwien, halgien, AS. halgian, fr. halig holy.
See Holy.]

Defn: To make holy; to set apart for holy or religious use; to
consecrate; to treat or keep as sacred; to reverence. "Hallowed be
thy name." Matt. vi. 9.
Hallow the Sabbath day, to do no work therein. Jer. xvii. 24.
His secret altar touched with hallowed fire. Milton.
In a larger sense . . . we can not hallow this ground [Gettysburg].
A. Lincoln.

HALLOWEEN
Hal`low*een", n.

Defn: The evening preceding Allhallows or All Saints' Day. [Scot.]
Burns.

HALLOWMAS
Hal"low*mas, n. Etym: [See Mass the eucharist.]

Defn: The feast of All Saints, or Allhallows.
To speak puling, like a beggar at Hallowmas. Shak.

HALLOYSITE
Hal*loy"site, n. Etym: [Named after Omalius d'Halloy.] (Min.)

Defn: A claylike mineral, occurring in soft, smooth, amorphous
masses, of a whitish color.

HALLSTATT; HALLSTATTIAN
Hall"statt, Hall*stat"ti*an, a.

Defn: Of or pert. to Hallstatt, Austria, or the Hallstatt
civilization. -- Hallstatt, or Hallstattian, civilization, a
prehistoric civilization of central Europe, variously dated at from
1000 to 1500 b. c. and usually associated with the Celtic or Alpine
race. It was characterized by expert use of bronze, a knowledge of
iron, possession of domestic animals, agriculture, and artistic skill
and sentiment in manufacturing pottery, ornaments, etc.

The Hallstattian civilization flourished chiefly in Carinthia,
southern Germany, Switzerland, Bohemia, Silesia, Bosnia, the
southeast of France, and southern Italy.
J. Deniker.

-- H. epoch, the first iron age, represented by the Hallstatt
civilization.

HALLUCAL
Hal"lu*cal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the hallux.

HALLUCINATE
Hal*lu"ci*nate, v. i. Etym: [L. hallucinatus, alucinatus, p. p. of
hallucinari, alucinari, to wander in mind, talk idly, dream.]

Defn: To wander; to go astray; to err; to blunder; -- used of mental
processes. [R.] Byron.

HALLUCINATION
Hal*lu`ci*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. hallucinatio cf. F. hallucination.]

1. The act of hallucinating; a wandering of the mind; error; mistake;
a blunder.
This must have been the hallucination of the transcriber. Addison.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The perception of objects which have no reality, or of
sensations which have no corresponding external cause, arising from
disorder or the nervous system, as in delirium tremens; delusion.
Hallucinations are always evidence of cerebral derangement and are
common phenomena of insanity. W. A. Hammond.

HALLUCINATOR
Hal*lu"ci*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One whose judgment and acts are affected by hallucinations; one
who errs on account of his hallucinations. N. Brit. Rev.

HALLUCINATORY
Hal*lu"ci*na*to*ry, a.

Defn: Partaking of, or tending to produce, hallucination.

HALLUX
Hal"lux, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. hallex, allex.] (Anat.)

Defn: The first, or preaxial, digit of the hind limb, corresponding
to the pollux in the fore limb; the great toe; the hind toe of birds.

HALM
Halm, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Haulm.

HALMA
Hal"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Greek Antiq.)

Defn: The long jump, with weights in the hands, -- the most important
of the exercises of the Pentathlon.

HALO
Ha"lo, n.; pl. Halos(. Etym: [L. halos, acc. halo, Gr. volvere, and
E. voluble.]

1. A luminous circle, usually prismatically colored, round the sun or
moon, and supposed to be caused by the refraction of light through
crystals of ice in the atmosphere. Connected with halos there are
often white bands, crosses, or arches, resulting from the same
atmospheric conditions.

2. A circle of light; especially, the bright ring represented in
painting as surrounding the heads of saints and other holy persons; a
glory; a nimbus.

3. An ideal glory investing, or affecting one's perception of, an
object.

4. A colored circle around a nipple; an areola.

HALO
Ha"lo, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Haloed; p. pr. & vb. n. Haloing.]

Defn: To form, or surround with, a halo; to encircle with, or as
with, a halo.
The fire That haloed round his saintly brow. Sothey.

HALOED
Ha"loed, a.

Defn: Surrounded with a halo; invested with an ideal glory;
glorified.
Some haloed face bending over me. C. Bronté.

HALOGEN
Hal"o*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + -gen: cf. F.
halogène.] (Chem.)

Defn: An electro-negative element or radical, which, by combination
with a metal, forms a haloid salt; especially, chlorine, bromine, and
iodine; sometimes, also, fluorine and cyanogen. See Chlorine family,
under Chlorine.

HALOGENOUS
Ha*log"e*nous, a.

Defn: Of the nature of a halogen.

HALOID
Ha"loid ( or ), a. Etym: [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s salt + -oid: cf. F. cal.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Resembling salt; -- said of certain binary compounds consisting
of a metal united to a negative element or radical, and now chiefly
applied to the chlorides, bromides, iodides, and sometimes also to
the fluorides and cyanides.
 -- n.

Defn: A haloid substance.

HALOMANCY
Hal"o*man`cy, n.

Defn: See Alomancy.

HALOMETER
Ha*lom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the forms and angles of salts and
crystals; a goniometer.

HALONES
Ha*lo"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Alternating transparent and opaque white rings which are seen
outside the blastoderm, on the surface of the developing egg of the
hen and other birds.

HALOPHYTE
Hal"o*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + (Bot.)

Defn: A plant found growing in salt marshes, or in the sea.

HALOSCOPE
Ha"lo*scope, n. Etym: [Halo + -scope.]

Defn: An instrument for exhibition or illustration of the phenomena
of halos, parhelia, and the like.

HALOTRICHITE
Hal*o*tri"chite, n. Etym: [Gr. "a`ls sea + fri`x, tricho`s, hair.]
(Min.)

Defn: An iron alum occurring in silky fibrous aggregates of a
yellowish white color.

HALOXYLINE
Ha*lox"y*line, n. Etym: [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + xy`lon wood.]

Defn: An explosive mixture, consisting of sawdust, charcoal, niter,
and ferrocyanide of potassium, used as a substitute for gunpowder.

HALP
Halp, imp. of Help.

Defn: Helped. [Obs.]

HALPACE
Hal"pace, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Haut pas.

HALS
Hals, n. Etym: [AS. heals; akin to D., G., & Goth. hals. See Collar.]

Defn: The neck or throat. [Obs.]
Do me hangen by the hals. Chaucer.

HALSE
Halse, v. t. Etym: [AS. healsian.]

1. To embrace about the neck; to salute; to greet. [Obs.]
Each other kissed glad And lovely halst. Spenser.

2. To adjure; to beseech; to entreat. [Obs.]
O dere child, I halse thee, In virtue of the Holy Trinity. Chaucer.

HALSE
Halse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halsed (hlst); p. pr. & vb. n. Halsing.]
Etym: [Cf. Hawser.]

Defn: To haul; to hoist. [Obs.]

HALSENING
Hal"sen*ing, a.

Defn: Sounding harshly in the throat; inharmonious; rough. [Obs.]
Carew.

HALSER
Hals"er, n.

Defn: See Hawser. Pope.

HALT
Halt,

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Hold, contraction for holdeth. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

HALT
Halt, n. Etym: [Formerly alt, It. alto, G. halt, fr. halten to hold.
See Hold.]

Defn: A stop in marching or walking, or in any action; arrest of
progress.
Without any halt they marched. Clarendon.
[Lovers] soon in passion's war contest, Yet in their march soon make
a halt. Davenant.

HALT
Halt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Halted; p. pr. & vb. n. Halting.]

1. To hold one's self from proceeding; to hold up; to cease progress;
to stop for a longer or shorter period; to come to a stop; to stand
still.

2. To stand in doubt whether to proceed, or what to do; to h
How long halt ye between two opinions 1 Kings xviii. 21

HALT
Halt, v. t. (Mil.)

Defn: To cause to cease marching; to stop; as, the general halted his
troops for refreshment.

HALT
Halt, a. Etym: [AS. healt; akin to OS., Dan., & Sw. halt, Icel.
haltr, halltr, Goth. halts, OHG. halz.]

Defn: Halting or stopping in walking; lame.
Bring in hither the poor, and the maimed, and the halt, and the
blind. Luke xiv. 21.

HALT
Halt, n.

Defn: The act of limping; lameness.

HALT
Halt, v. i. Etym: [OE. halten, AS. healtian. See Halt, a.]

1. To walk lamely; to limp.

2. To have an irregular rhythm; to be defective.
The blank verse shall halt for it. Shak.

HALTER
Halt"er, n.

Defn: One who halts or limps

HALTER
Hal"ter, n. Etym: [OE. halter, helter, helfter, AS. hælftre; akin to
G. halfter, D. halfter, halster, and also to E. helve. See Helve.]

Defn: A strong strap or cord. Especially: (a) A rope or strap, with
or without a headstall, for leading or tying a horse. (b) A rope for
hanging malefactors; a noose. Shak.
No man e'er felt the halter draw With good opinion of the law.
Trumbull.

HALTER
Hal"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haltered; p. pr. & vb. n. Haltering.]

Defn: To tie by the neck with a rope, strap, or halter; to put a
halter on; to subject to a hangman's halter. "A haltered neck." Shak.

HALTERES
Hal*te"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Balancers; the rudimentary hind wings of Diptera.

HALTER-SACK
Hal"ter-sack`, n.

Defn: A term of reproach, implying that one is fit to be hanged.
[Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

HALTINGLY
Halt"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a halting or limping manner.

HALVANS
Hal"vans, n. pl. (Mining)

Defn: Impure ore; dirty ore.

HALVE
Hal"ve, n.

Defn: A half. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HALVE
Halve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halved; p. pr. & vb. n. Halving.] Etym:
[From Half.]

1. To divide into two equal parts; as, to halve an apple; to be or
form half of.
So far apart their lives are thrown From the twin soul that halves
their own. M. Arnold.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: To join, as two pieces of timber, by cutting away each for half
its thickness at the joining place, and fitting together.

HALVED
Halved, a.

Defn: Appearing as if one side, or one half, were cut away;
dimidiate.

HALVES
Halves, n.,

Defn: pl. of Half. By halves, by one half at once; halfway;
fragmentarily; partially; incompletely.
I can not believe by halves; either I have faith, or I have it not.
J. H. Newman.
To go halves. See under Go.

HALWE
Hal"we, n. Etym: [OE., fr. AS. halga. See Holy.]

Defn: A saint. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HAL'YARD; HALYARD
Hal'yard, n. Etym: [Hale, v. t. + yard.] (Naut.)

Defn: A rope or tackle for hoisting or lowering yards, sails, flags,
etc. [Written also halliard, haulyard.]

HALYSITES
Hal`y*si"tes, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of Silurian fossil corals; the chain corals. See Chain
coral, under Chain.

HAM
Ham, n.

Defn: Home. [North of Eng.] Chaucer.

HAM
Ham, n. Etym: [AS. ham; akin to D. ham, dial. G. hamme, OHG. hamma.
Perh. named from the bend at the ham, and akin to E. chamber. Cf.
Gammon ham.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The region back of the knee joint; the popliteal space; the
hock.

2. The thigh of any animal; especially, the thigh of a hog cured by
salting and smoking.
A plentiful lack of wit, together with most weak ham. Shak.

HAMADRYAD
Ham"a*dry`ad, n.; pl. E. Hamadryads, L. Hamadryades. Etym: [L.
Hamadryas, -adis, Gr. hamadryade. See Same, and Tree.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A tree nymph whose life ended with that of the particular tree,
usually an oak, which had been her abode.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large venomous East Indian snake (Orhiophagus bungarus),
allied to the cobras.

HAMADRYAS
Ha*ma"dry*as, n. Etym: [L., a hamadryad. See Hamadryad.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sacred baboon of Egypt (Cynocephalus Hamadryas).

HAMAL
Ha*mal", n. [Written also hammal, hummaul, hamaul, khamal, etc.]
[Turk. & Ar. hammal, fr. Ar. hamala to carry.]

Defn: In Turkey and other Oriental countries, a porter or burden
bearer; specif., in Western India, a palanquin bearer.

HAMAMELIS
Ham`a*me"lis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants which includes the witch-hazel (Hamamelis
Virginica), a preparation of which is used medicinally.

HAMATE
Ha"mate, a. Etym: [L. hamatus, fr. hamus hook.]

Defn: Hooked; bent at the end into a hook; hamous.

HAMATED
Ha"ma*ted, a.

Defn: Hooked, or set with hooks; hamate. Swift.

HAMATUM
Ha*ma"tum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. hamatus hooked.] (Anat.)

Defn: See Unciform.

HAMBLE
Ham"ble, v. t. Etym: [OE. hamelen to mutilate, AS. hamelian; akin to
OHG. hamal to mutilate, hamal mutilated, ham mutilated, Icel. hamla
to mutilate. Cf.Ham to fetter.]

Defn: To hamstring. [Obs.]

HAMBURG
Ham"burg, n.

Defn: A commercial city of Germany, near the mouth of the Elbe. Black
Hamburg grape. See under Black.
 -- Hamburg , a kind of embroidered work done by machinery on cambric
or muslin; -- used for trimming.
 -- Hamburg lake, a purplish crimson pigment resembling cochineal.

HAME
Hame, n.

Defn: Home. [Scot. & O. Eng.]

HAME
Hame, n. Etym: [Scot. haims, hammys, hems, OE. ham; cf. D. haam.]

Defn: One of the two curved pieces of wood or metal, in the harness
of a draught horse, to which the traces are fastened. They are fitted
upon the collar, or have pads fitting the horse's neck attached to
them.

HAMEL
Ham"el, v. t. [Obs.]

Defn: Same as Hamele.

HAMESECKEN; HAMESUCKEN
Hame"seck`en, Hame"suck`en, n. Etym: [AS. hams. See Home, and Seek.]
(Scots Law)

Defn: The felonious seeking and invasion of a person in his dwelling
house. Bouvier.

HAMFATTER
Ham"fat`ter, n. [From a negro minstrel song called "The ham-fat
man."]

Defn: A low-grade actor or performer. [Theatrical Slang]

HAMIFORM
Ha"mi*form, n. Etym: [L. hamus hook + -form.]

Defn: Hook-shaped.

HAMILTON PERIOD
Ham"il*ton pe"ri*od. (Geol.)

Defn: A subdivision of the Devonian system of America; -- so named
from Hamilton, Madison Co., New York. It includes the Marcellus,
Hamilton, and Genesee epochs or groups. See the Chart of Geology.

HAMINURA
Ham`i*nu"ra, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large edible river fish (Erythrinus macrodon) of Guiana.

HAMITE
Ha"mite, n.Etym: [L. hamus hook.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil cephalopod of the genus Hamites, related to the
ammonites, but having the last whorl bent into a hooklike form.

HAMITE
Ham"ite, n.

Defn: A descendant of Ham, Noah's second son. See Gen. x. 6-20.

HAMITIC
Ham*it"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Ham or his descendants. Hamitic languages, the
group of languages spoken mainly in the Sahara, Egypt, Galla, and
Somâli Land, and supposed to be allied to the Semitic. Keith Johnson.

HAMLET
Ham"let, n. Etym: [OWE. hamelet, OF. hamelet, dim. of hamel, F.
hameau, LL. hamellum, a dim. of German origin; cf. G. heim home. sq.
root220. See Home.]

Defn: A small village; a little cluster of houses in the country.
The country wasted, and the hamlets burned. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Village; neighborhood. See Village.

HAMLETED
Ham"let*ed, p. a.

Defn: Confined to a hamlet. Feltham.

HAMMER
Ham"mer, n. Etym: [OE. hamer, AS. hamer, hamor; akin to D. hamer, G.
& Dan. hammer, Sw. hammare, Icel. hamarr, hammer, crag, and perh. to
Gr. a stone.]

1. An instrument for driving nails, beating metals, and the like,
consisting of a head, usually of steel or iron, fixed crosswise to a
handle.
With busy hammers closing rivets up. Shak.

2. Something which in firm or action resembles the common hammer; as:
(a) That part of a clock which strikes upon the bell to indicate the
hour.
(b) The padded mallet of a piano, which strikes the wires, to produce
the tones.
(c) (Anat.) The malleus. See under Ear. (Gun.)

Defn: That part of a gunlock which strikes the percussion cap, or
firing pin; the cock; formerly, however, a piece of steel covering
the pan of a flintlock musket and struck by the flint of the cock to
ignite the priming.
(e) Also, a person of thing that smites or shatters; as, St.
Augustine was the hammer of heresies.
He met the stern legionaries [of Rome] who had been the "massive iron
hammers" of the whole earth. J. H. Newman.
Atmospheric hammer, a dead-stroke hammer in which the spring is
formed by confined air.
 -- Drop hammer, Face hammer, etc. See under Drop, Face, etc.
 -- Hammer fish. See Hammerhead.
 -- Hammer hardening, the process of hardening metal by hammering it
when cold.
 -- Hammer shell (Zoöl.), any species of Malleus, a genus of marine
bivalve shells, allied to the pearl oysters, having the wings narrow
and elongated, so as to give them a hammer-shaped outline; -- called
also hammer oyster.
 -- To bring to the hammer, to put up at auction.

HAMMER
Ham"mer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hammered; p. pr. & vb. n. Hammering.]

1. To beat with a hammer; to beat with heavy blows; as, to hammer
iron.

2. To form or forge with a hammer; to shape by beating. "Hammered
money." Dryden.

3. To form in the mind; to shape by hard intellectual labor; --
usually with out.
Who was hammering out a penny dialogue. Jeffry.

HAMMER
Ham"mer, v. i.

1. To be busy forming anything; to labor hard as if shaping something
with a hammer.
Whereon this month I have hammering. Shak.

2. To strike repeated blows, literally or figuratively.
Blood and revenge are hammering in my head. Shak.

HAMMERABLE
Ham"mer*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being formed or shaped by a hammer. Sherwood.

HAMMER-BEAM
Ham"mer-beam`, n. (Cothic Arch.)

Defn: A member of one description of roof truss, called hammer-beam
truss, which is so framed as not to have a tiebeam at the top of the
wall. Each principal has two hammer-beams, which occupy the
situation, and to some extent serve the purpose, of a tiebeam.

HAMMER BREAK
Ham"mer break. (Elec.)

Defn: An interrupter in which contact is broken by the movement of an
automatically vibrating hammer between a contact piece and an
electromagnet, or of a rapidly moving piece mechanically driven.

HAMMERCLOTH
Ham"mer*cloth`, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. D. hemel heaven, canopy, tester
(akin to G. himmel, and perh. also to E. heaven) + E. cloth; or perh.
a corruption of hamper cloth.]

Defn: The cloth which covers a coach box.

HAMMER-DRESSED
Ham"mer-dressed`, a.

Defn: Having the surface roughly shaped or faced with the
stonecutter's hammer; -- said of building stone.

HAMMERER
Ham"mer*er, n.

Defn: One who works with a hammer.

HAMMER-HARDEN
Ham"mer-hard`en, v. t.

Defn: To harden, as a metal, by hammering it in the cold state.

HAMMERHEAD
Ham"mer*head`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shark of the genus Sphyrna or Zygæna, having the eyes set on
projections from the sides of the head, which gives it a hammer
shape. The Sphyrna zygæna is found in the North Atlantic. Called also
hammer fish, and balance fish.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fresh-water fish; the stone-roller.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African fruit bat (Hypsignathus monstrosus); -- so called
from its large blunt nozzle.

HAMMERKOP
Ham"mer*kop, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the Heron family; the umber.

HAMMER-LESS
Ham"mer-less, a. (Firearms)

Defn: Without a visible hammer; -- said of a gun having a cock or
striker concealed from sight, and out of the way of an accidental
touch.

HAMMER LOCK
Hammer lock. (Wrestling)

Defn: A hold in which an arm of one contestant is held twisted and
bent behind his back by his opponent.

HAMMERMAN
Ham"mer*man, n.; pl. Hammermen (.

Defn: A hammerer; a forgeman.

HAMMOCHRYSOS
Ham`mo*chry"sos, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. chryso`s gold.]

Defn: A stone with spangles of gold color in it.

HAMMOCK
Ham"mock, n. Etym: [A word of Indian origin: cf. Sp. hamaca.
Columbus, in the Narrative of his first voyage, says: "A great many
Indians in canoes came to the ship to-day for the purpose of
bartering their cotton, and hamacas, or nets, in which they sleep."]

1. A swinging couch or bed, usually made of netting or canvas about
six feet wide, suspended by clews or cords at the ends.

2. A piece of land thickly wooded, and usually covered with bushes
and vines. Used also adjectively; as, hammock land. [Southern U. S.]
Bartlett. Hammock nettings (Naut.), formerly, nets for stowing
hammocks; now, more often, wooden boxes or a trough on the rail, used
for that purpose.

HAMOSE; HAMOUS
Ha*mose", Ha"mous,Etym: [L. hamus hook.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the end hooked or curved.

HAMPER
Ham"per, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. hanaper.]

Defn: A large basket, usually with a cover, used for the packing and
carrying of articles; as, a hamper of wine; a clothes hamper; an
oyster hamper, which contains two bushels.

HAMPER
Ham"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hampered; p. pr. & vb. n. Hampering.]

Defn: To put in a hamper.

HAMPER
Ham"per, v. t. Etym: [OE. hamperen, hampren, prob. of the same origin
as E. hamble.]

Defn: To put a hamper or fetter on; to shackle; to insnare; to
inveigle; hence, to impede in motion or progress; to embarrass; to
encumber. "Hampered nerves." Blackmore.
A lion hampered in a net. L'Estrange.
They hamper and entangle our souls. Tillotson.

HAMPER
Ham"per, n. Etym: [See Hamper to shackle.]

1. A shackle; a fetter; anything which impedes. W. Browne.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Articles ordinarily indispensable, but in the way at certain
times. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Top hamper (Naut.), unnecessary spars and
rigging kept aloft.

HAMSHACKLE
Ham"shac`kle, v. t. Etym: [Ham + shackle.]

Defn: To fasten (an animal) by a rope binding the head to one of the
fore legs; as, to hamshackle a horse or cow; hence, to bind or
restrain; to curb.

HAMSTER
Ham"ster, n. Etym: [G. hamster.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European rodent (Cricetus frumentarius). It is
remarkable for having a pouch on each side of the jaw, under the
skin, and for its migrations.

HAMSTRING
Ham"string`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the great tendons situated in each side of the ham, or
space back of the knee, and connected with the muscles of the back of
the thigh.

HAMSTRING
Ham"string`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hamstrung; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hamstringing. See String.]

Defn: To lame or disable by cutting the tendons of the ham or knee;
to hough; hence, to cripple; to incapacitate; to disable.
So have they hamstrung the valor of the subject by seeking to
effeminate us all at home. Milton.

HAMULAR
Ham"u*lar, a.

Defn: Hooked; hooklike; hamate; as, the hamular process of the
sphenoid bone.

HAMULATE
Ham"u*late, a.

Defn: Furnished with a small hook; hook-shaped. Gray.

HAMULE
Ham"ule, n. Etym: [L. hamulus.]

Defn: A little hook.

HAMULOSE
Ham"u*lose", a. Etym: [L. hamulus, dim. of hamus a hook.]

Defn: Bearing a small hook at the end. Gray.

HAMULUS
Ham"u*lus, n.; pl. Hamuli (. Etym: [L., a little hook.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A hook, or hooklike process.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hooked barbicel of a feather.

HAN
Han, Etym: contr. inf. & plural pres. of Haven.

Defn: To have; have. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
Him thanken all, and thus they han an end. Chaucer.

HANAP
Han"ap, n. Etym: [F. hanap. See Hanaper.]

Defn: A rich goblet, esp. one used on state occasions. [Obs.]

HANAPER
Han"a*per, n. Etym: [LL. hanaperium a large vase, fr. hanaus vase,
bowl, cup (whence F. hanap); of German origin; cf. ONG. hnapf, G.
napf, akin to AS. hnæp cup, bowl. Cf. Hamper, Nappy, n.]

Defn: A kind of basket, usually of wickerwork, and adapted for the
packing and carrying of articles; a hamper. Hanaper office, an office
of the English court of chancery in which writs relating to the
business of the public, and the returns to them, were anciently kept
in a hanaper or hamper. Blackstone.

HANCE
Hance, v. t. Etym: [See Enhance.]

Defn: To raise; to elevate. [Obs.] Lydgate.

HANCE; HANCH
Hance, Hanch,Etym: [See Hanse.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: See Hanse.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A sudden fall or break, as the fall of the fife rail down to
the gangway.

HAND
Hand, n. Etym: [AS. hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw. hand, OHG.
hant, Dan. haand, Icel. hönd, Goth. handus, and perh. to Goth. hinpan
to seize (in comp.). Cf. Hunt.]

1. That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in man and
monkeys, and the corresponding part in many other animals; manus;
paw. See Manus.

2. That which resembles, or to some extent performs the office of, a
human hand; as:
(a) A limb of certain animals, as the foot of a hawk, or any one of
the four extremities of a monkey.
(b) An index or pointer on a dial; as, the hour or minute hand of a
clock.

3. A measure equal to a hand's breadth, -- four inches; a palm.
Chiefly used in measuring the height of horses.

4. Side; part; direction, either right or left.
On this hand and that hand, were hangings. Ex. xxxviii. 15.
The Protestants were then on the winning hand. Milton.

5. Power of performance; means of execution; ability; skill;
dexterity.
He had a great mind to try his hand at a Spectator. Addison.

6. Actual performance; deed; act; workmanship; agency; hence, manner
of performance.
To change the hand in carrying on the war. Clarendon.
Gideon said unto God, If thou wilt save Israel by my hand. Judges vi.
36.

7. An agent; a servant, or laborer; a workman, trained or competent
for special service or duty; a performer more or less skillful; as, a
deck hand; a farm hand; an old hand at speaking.
A dictionary containing a natural history requires too many hands, as
well as too much time, ever to be hoped for. Locke.
I was always reckoned a lively hand at a simile. Hazlitt.

8. Handwriting; style of penmanship; as, a good, bad or running hand.
Hence, a signature.
I say she never did invent this letter; This is a man's invention and
his hand. Shak.
Some writs require a judge's hand. Burril.

9. Personal possession; ownership; hence, control; direction;
management; -- usually in the plural. "Receiving in hand one year's
tribute." Knolles.
Albinus . . . found means to keep in his hands the goverment of
Britain. Milton.

10. Agency in transmission from one person to another; as, to buy at
first hand, that is, from the producer, or when new; at second hand,
that is, when no longer in the producer's hand, or when not new.

11. Rate; price. [Obs.] "Business is bought at a dear hand, where
there is small dispatch." Bacon.

12. That which is, or may be, held in a hand at once; as:
(a) (Card Playing) The quota of cards received from the dealer.
(b) (Tobacco Manuf.) A bundle of tobacco leaves tied together.

13. (Firearms)

Defn: The small part of a gunstock near the lock, which is grasped by
the hand in taking aim.

Note: Hand is used figuratively for a large variety of acts or
things, in the doing, or making, or use of which the hand is in some
way employed or concerned; also, as a symbol to denote various
qualities or conditions, as: (a) Activity; operation; work; -- in
distinction from the head, which implies thought, and the heart,
which implies affection. "His hand will be against every man." Gen.
xvi. 12.(b) Power; might; supremacy; -- often in the Scriptures.
"With a mighty hand . . . will I rule over you." Ezek. xx. 33.(c)
Fraternal feeling; as, to give, or take, the hand; to give the right
hand. (d) Contract; -- commonly of marriage; as, to ask the hand; to
pledge the hand.

Note: Hand is often used adjectively or in compounds (with or without
the hyphen), signifying performed by the hand; as, hand blow or hand-
blow, hand gripe or hand-gripe: used by, or designed for, the hand;
as, hand ball or handball, hand bow, hand fetter, hand grenade or
hand-grenade, handgun or hand gun, handloom or hand loom, handmill or
hand organ or handorgan, handsaw or hand saw, hand-weapon: measured
or regulated by the hand; as, handbreadth or hand's breadth, hand
gallop or hand-gallop. Most of the words in the following paragraph
are written either as two words or in combination. Hand bag, a
satchel; a small bag for carrying books, papers, parcels, etc.
 -- Hand basket, a small or portable basket.
 -- Hand bell, a small bell rung by the hand; a table bell. Bacon.
 -- Hand bill, a small pruning hook. See 4th Bill.
 -- Hand car. See under Car.
 -- Hand director (Mus.), an instrument to aid in forming a good
position of the hands and arms when playing on the piano; a hand
guide.
 -- Hand drop. See Wrist drop.
 -- Hand gallop. See under Gallop.
 -- Hand gear (Mach.), apparatus by means of which a machine, or
parts of a machine, usually operated by other power, may be operated
by hand.
 -- Hand glass. (a) A glass or small glazed frame, for the protection
of plants. (b) A small mirror with a handle.
 -- Hand guide. Same as Hand director (above).
 -- Hand language, the art of conversing by the hands, esp. as
practiced by the deaf and dumb; dactylology.
 -- Hand lathe. See under Lathe.
 -- Hand money, money paid in hand to bind a contract; earnest money.
 -- Hand organ (Mus.), a barrel organ, operated by a crank turned by
hand.
 -- Hand plant. (Bot.) Same as Hand tree (below).
 -- Hand rail, a rail, as in staircases, to hold by. Gwilt.
 -- Hand sail, a sail managed by the hand. Sir W. Temple.
 -- Hand screen, a small screen to be held in the hand.
 -- Hand screw, a small jack for raising heavy timbers or weights;
(Carp.) a screw clamp.
 -- Hand staff (pl. Hand staves), a javelin. Ezek. xxxix. 9.
 -- Hand stamp, a small stamp for dating, addressing, or canceling
papers, envelopes, etc.
 -- Hand tree (Bot.), a lofty tree found in Mexico (Cheirostemon
platanoides), having red flowers whose stamens unite in the form of a
hand.
 -- Hand vise, a small vise held in the hand in doing small work.
Moxon.
 -- Hand work, or Handwork, work done with the hands, as
distinguished from work done by a machine; handiwork.
 -- All hands, everybody; all parties.
 -- At all hands, On all hands, on all sides; from every direction;
generally.
 -- At any hand, At no hand, in any (or no) way or direction; on any
account; on no account. "And therefore at no hand consisting with the
safety and interests of humility." Jer. Taylor.
 -- At first hand, At second hand. See def. 10 (above).
 -- At hand. (a) Near in time or place; either present and within
reach, or not far distant. "Your husband is at hand; I hear his
trumpet." Shak. (b) Under the hand or bridle. [Obs.] "Horses hot at
hand." Shak.
 -- At the hand of, by the act of; as a gift from. "Shall we receive
good at the hand of God and shall we not receive evil" Job ii. 10.
 -- Bridle hand. See under Bridle.
 -- By hand, with the hands, in distinction from instrumentality of
tools, engines, or animals; as, to weed a garden by hand; to lift,
draw, or carry by hand.
 -- Clean hands, freedom from guilt, esp. from the guilt of
dishonesty in money matters, or of bribe taking. "He that hath clean
hands shall be stronger and stronger." Job xvii. 9.
 -- From hand to hand, from one person to another.
 -- Hand in hand. (a) In union; conjointly; unitedly. Swift. (b)
Just; fair; equitable.
As fair and as good, a kind of hand in hand comparison. Shak.
-- Hand over hand, Hand over fist, by passing the hands alternately
one before or above another; as, to climb hand over hand; also,
rapidly; as, to come up with a chase hand over hand.
 -- Hand over head, negligently; rashly; without seeing what one
does. [Obs.] Bacon.
 -- Hand running, consecutively; as, he won ten times hand running.
 -- Hand off! keep off! forbear! no interference or meddling! -- Hand
to hand, in close union; in close fight; as, a hand to hand contest.
Dryden.
 -- Heavy hand, severity or oppression.
 -- In hand. (a) Paid down. "A considerable reward in hand, and . . .
a far greater reward hereafter." Tillotson. (b) In preparation;
taking place. Chaucer. "Revels . . . in hand." Shak. (c) Under
consideration, or in the course of transaction; as, he has the
business in hand.
 -- In one's hand or hands. (a) In one's possession or keeping. (b)
At one's risk, or peril; as, I took my life in my hand.
 -- Laying on of hands, a form used in consecrating to office, in the
rite of confirmation, and in blessing persons.
 -- Light hand, gentleness; moderation.
 -- Note of hand, a promissory note.
 -- Off hand, Out of hand, forthwith; without delay, hesitation, or
difficulty; promptly. "She causeth them to be hanged up out of hand."
Spenser.
 -- Off one's hands, out of one's possession or care.
 -- On hand, in present possession; as, he has a supply of goods on
hand.
 -- On one's hands, in one's possession care, or management.
 -- Putting the hand under the thigh, an ancient Jewish ceremony used
in swearing.
 -- Right hand, the place of honor, power, and strength.
 -- Slack hand, idleness; carelessness; inefficiency; sloth.
 -- Strict hand, severe discipline; rigorous government.
 -- To bear a hand (Naut), to give help quickly; to hasten.
 -- To bear in hand, to keep in expectation with false pretenses.
[Obs.] Shak.
 -- To be hand and glove, or in glove with. See under Glove.
 -- To be on the mending hand, to be convalescent or improving.
 -- To bring up by hand, to feed (an infant) without suckling it.
 -- To change hand. See Change.
 -- To change hands, to change sides, or change owners. Hudibras.
 -- To clap the hands, to express joy or applause, as by striking the
palms of the hands together.
 -- To come to hand, to be received; to be taken into possession; as,
the letter came to hand yesterday.
 -- To get hand, to gain influence. [Obs.]
Appetites have . . . got such a hand over them. Baxter.
-- To got one's hand in, to make a beginning in a certain work; to
become accustomed to a particular business.
 -- To have a hand in, to be concerned in; to have a part or concern
in doing; to have an agency or be employed in.
 -- To have in hand. (a) To have in one's power or control. Chaucer.
(b) To be engaged upon or occupied with.
 -- To have one's hands full, to have in hand al that one can do, or
more than can be done conveniently; to be pressed with labor or
engagements; to be surrounded with difficulties.
 -- To have, or get, the (higher) upper hand, to have, or get, the
better of another person or thing.
 -- To his hand, To my hand, etc., in readiness; already prepared.
"The work is made to his hands." Locke.
 -- To hold hand, to compete successfully or on even conditions.
[Obs.] Shak.
 -- To lay hands on, to seize; to assault.
 -- To lend a hand, to give assistance.
 -- To lift, or put forth, the hand against, to attack; to oppose; to
kill.
 -- To live from hand to mouth, to obtain food and other necessaries
as want compels, without previous provision.
 -- To make one's hand, to gain advantage or profit.
 -- To put the hand unto, to steal. Ex. xxii. 8.-- To put the last,
or finishing, hand to, to make the last corrections in; to complete;
to perfect.
 -- To set the hand to, to engage in; to undertake.
That the Lord thy God may bless thee in all that thou settest thine
hand to. Deut. xxiii. 20.
-- To stand one in hand, to concern or affect one.
 -- To strike hands, to make a contract, or to become surety for
another's debt or good behavior.
 -- To take in hand. (a) To attempt or undertake. (b) To seize and
deal with; as, he took him in hand.
 -- To wash the hands of, to disclaim or renounce interest in, or
responsibility for, a person or action; as, to wash one's hands of a
business. Matt. xxvii. 24.
 -- Under the hand of, authenticated by the handwriting or signature
of; as, the deed is executed under the hand and seal of the owner.

HAND
Hand, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handed; p. pr. & vb. n. Handing.]

1. To give, pass, or transmit with the hand; as, he handed them the
letter.

2. To lead, guide, or assist with the hand; to conduct; as, to hand a
lady into a carriage.

3. To manage; as, I hand my oar. [Obs.] Prior.

4. To seize; to lay hands on. [Obs.] Shak.

5. To pledge by the hand; to handfast. [R.]

6. (Naut.)

Defn: To furl; -- said of a sail. Totten. To hand down, to transmit
in succession, as from father to son, or from predecessor to
successor; as, fables are handed down from age to age; to forward to
the proper officer (the decision of a higher court); as, the Clerk of
the Court of Appeals handed down its decision.
 -- To hand over, to yield control of; to surrender; to deliver up.

HAND
Hand, v. i.

Defn: To coöperate. [Obs.] Massinger.

HANDBALL
Hand"ball`, n.

1. A ball for throwing or using with the hand.

2.  A game played with such a ball, as by players striking it to and
fro between them with the hands, or alternately against a wall, until
one side or the other fails to return the ball.

HANDBARROW
Hand"bar"row, n.

Defn: A frame or barrow, without a wheel, carried by hand.

HANDBILL
Hand"bill`, n.

1. A loose, printed sheet, to be distributed by hand.

2. A pruning hook. [Usually written hand bill.]

HANDBOOK
Hand"book`, n. Etym: [Hand + book; cf. AS. handb, or G. handbuch.]

Defn: A book of reference, to be carried in the hand; a manual; a
guidebook.

HANDBREADTH
Hand"breadth`, n.

Defn: A space equal to the breadth of the hand; a palm. Ex. xxxvii.
12.

HANDCART
Hand"cart`, n.

Defn: A cart drawn or pushed by hand.

HANDCLOTH
Hand"cloth`, n.

Defn: A handkerchief.

HANDCRAFT
Hand"craft`, n.

Defn: Same as Handicraft.

HANDCRAFTSMAN
Hand"crafts`man, n.; pl. -men (.

Defn: A handicraftsman.

HANDCUFF
Hand"cuff`, n. Etym: [AS. handcops; hand hand + cosp, cops, fetter.
The second part was confused with E. cuffs,]

Defn: A fastening, consisting of an iron ring around the wrist,
usually connected by a chain with one on the other wrist; a manacle;
-- usually in the plural.

HANDCUFF
Hand"cuff`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handcuffed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Handcuffing.]

Defn: To apply handcuffs to; to manacle. Hay (1754).

HANDED
Hand"ed, a.

1. With hands joined; hand in hand.
Into their inmost bower, Handed they went. Milton.

2. Having a peculiar or characteristic hand.
As poisonous tongued as handed. Shak.

Note: Handed is used in composition in the sense of having (such or
so many) hands; as, bloody-handed; free-handed; heavy-handed; left-
handed; single-handed.

HANDER
Hand"er, n.

Defn: One who hands over or transmits; a conveyer in succession.
Dryden.

HANDFAST
Hand"fast`, n.

1. Hold; grasp; custody; power of confining or keeping. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Contract; specifically, espousal. [Obs.]

HANDFAST
Hand"fast`, a.

Defn: Fast by contract; betrothed by joining hands. [Obs.] Bale.

HANDFAST
Hand"fast`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handfasted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Handfasting.]

Defn: To pledge; to bind; to betroth by joining hands, in order to
cohabitation, before the celebration of marriage. [Obs.]

HANDFAST
Hand"fast`, n. Etym: [G. handfest; hand hand + fest strong. See
Fast.]

Defn: Strong; steadfast.[R.] Carlyle.

HANDFASTLY
Hand"fast`ly, adv.

Defn: In a handfast or publicly pledged manner. [Obs.] Holinshed.

HANDFISH
Hand"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The frogfish.

HANDFUL
Hand"ful, n.; pl. Hand flus. Etym: [AS. handfull.]

1. As much as the hand will grasp or contain. Addison.

2. A hand's breadth; four inches. [Obs.]
Knap the tongs together about a handful from the bottom. Bacon.

3. A small quantity.
This handful of men were tied to very hard duty. Fuller.
To have one's handful, to have one's hands full; to have all one can
do. [Obs.]
They had their handful to defend themselves from firing. Sir. W.
Raleigh.

HAND-HOLE
Hand"-hole, n. (Steam Boilers)

Defn: A small hole in a boiler for the insertion of the hand in
cleaning, etc. Hand-hole plate, the cover of a hand-hole.

HANDICAP
Hand"i*cap, n. Etym: [From hand in cap; -- perh. in reference to an
old mode of setting a bargain by taking pieces of money from a cap.]

1. An allowance of a certain amount of time or distance in starting,
granted in a race to the competitor possessing inferior advantages;
or an additional weight or other hindrance imposed upon the one
possessing superior advantages, in order to equalize, as much as
possible, the chances of success; as, the handicap was five seconds,
or ten pounds, and the like.

2. A race, for horses or men, or any contest of agility, strength, or
skill, in which there is an allowance of time, distance, weight, or
other advantage, to equalize the chances of the competitors.

3. An old game at cards. [Obs.] Pepys.

HANDICAP
Hand"i*cap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handicapped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Handicapping.]

Defn: To encumber with a handicap in any contest; hence, in general,
to place at disadvantage; as, the candidate was heavily handicapped.

HANDICAPPER
Hand"i*cap`per, n.

Defn: One who determines the conditions of a handicap.

HANDICRAFT
Hand"i*craft, n. Etym: [For handcraft, influenced by handiwork; AS.
handcræft.]

1. A trade requiring skill of hand; manual occupation; handcraft.
Addison.

2. A man who earns his living by handicraft; a handicraftsman. [R.]
Dryden.

HANDICRAFTSMAN
Hand"i*crafts`man, n.; pl. -men (.

Defn: A man skilled or employed in handcraft. Bacon.

HANDILY
Hand"i*ly, adv. Etym: [See Handy.]

Defn: In a handy manner; skillfully; conveniently.

HANDINESS
Hand"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being handy.

HANDIRON
Hand"i`ron, n.

Defn: See Andrion. [Obs.]

HANDIWORK
Hand"i*work`, n. Etym: [OE. handiwerc, AS. handgeweorc; hand hand +
geweorc work; prefix ge- + weorc. See Work.]

Defn: Work done by the hands; hence, any work done personally.
The firmament showeth his handiwork. Ps. xix. 1.

HANDKERCHER
Hand"ker*cher, n.

Defn: A handkerchief. [Obs. or Colloq.] Chapman (1654). Shak.

HANDKERCHIEF
Hand"ker*chief (hân"ker*chîf; 277), n. Etym: [Hand + kerchief.]

1. A piece of cloth, usually square and often fine and elegant,
carried for wiping the face or hands.

2. A piece of cloth shaped like a handkerchief to be worn about the
neck; a neckerchief; a neckcloth.

HANDLE
Han"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handled; p. pr. & vb. n. Handling .]
Etym: [OE. handlen, AS. handian; akin to D. handelen to trade, G.
handeln. See Hand.]

1. To touch; to feel with the hand; to use or hold with the hand.
Handle me, and see; for a spirit hath not flesh. Luke xxiv. 39.
About his altar, handling holy things. Milton.

2. To manage in using, as a spade or a musket; to wield; often, to
manage skillfully.
That fellow handles his bow like a crowkeeper. Shak.

3. To accustom to the hand; to work upon, or take care of, with the
hands.
The hardness of the winters forces the breeders to house and handle
their colts six months every year. Sir W. Temple.

4. To receive and transfer; to have pass through one's hands; hence,
to buy and sell; as, a merchant handles a variety of goods, or a
large stock.

5. To deal with; to make a business of.
They that handle the law knew me not. Jer. ii. 8.

6. To treat; to use, well or ill.
How wert thou handled being prisoner. Shak.

7. To manage; to control; to practice skill upon.
You shall see how I will handle her. Shak.

8. To use or manage in writing or speaking; to treat, as a theme, an
argument, or an objection.
We will handle what persons are apt to envy others. Bacon.
To handle without gloves. See under Glove. [Colloq.]

HANDLE
Han"dle, v. i.

Defn: To use the hands.
They have hands, but they handle not. Ps. cxv. 7.

HANDLE
Han"dle, n. Etym: [AS. handle. See Hand.]

1. That part of vessels, instruments, etc., which is held in the hand
when used or moved, as the haft of a sword, the knob of a door, the
bail of a kettle, etc.

2. That of which use is made; the instrument for effecting a purpose;
a tool. South. To give a handle, to furnish an occasion or means.

HANDLEABLE
Han"dle*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being handled.

HANDLESS
Hand"less, a.

Defn: Without a hand. Shak.

HANDLING
Han"dling, n. Etym: [AS. handlung.]

1. A touching, controlling, managing, using, etc., with the hand or
hands, or as with the hands. See Handle, v. t.
The heavens and your fair handling Have made you master of the field
this day. Spenser.

2. (Drawing, Painting, etc.)

Defn: The mode of using the pencil or brush, etc.; style of touch.
Fairholt.

HANDMADE
Hand"made", a.

Defn: Manufactured by hand; as, handmade shoes.

HANDMAID; HANDMAIDEN
Hand"maid", Hand"maiden, n.

Defn: A maid that waits at hand; a female servant or attendant.

HANDSAW
Hand"saw` n.

Defn: A saw used with one hand.

HANDSEL
Hand"sel, n. [Written also hansel.] Etym: [OE. handsal, hansal,
hansel, AS. handsa giving into hands, or more prob. fr. Icel.
handsal; hand hand + sal sale, bargain; akin to AS. sellan to give,
deliver. See Sell, Sale. ]

1. A sale, gift, or delivery into the hand of another; especially, a
sale, gift, delivery, or using which is the first of a series, and
regarded as on omen for the rest; a first installment; an earnest; as
the first money received for the sale of goods in the morning, the
first money taken at a shop newly opened, the first present sent to a
young woman on her wedding day, etc.
Their first good handsel of breath in this world. Fuller.
Our present tears here, not our present laughter, Are but the
handsels of our joys hereafter. Herrick.

2. Price; payment. [Obs.] Spenser. Handsel Monday, the first Monday
of the new year, when handsels or presents are given to servants,
children, etc.

HANDSEL
Hand"sel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handseled or Handseled (; p. pr. & vb.
n. Handseling or Handselling.] Etym: [Written also hansel.] Etym: [OE
handsellen, hansellen;cf. Isel. hadsala, handselja. See Handsel, n.]

1. To give a handsel to.

2. To use or do for the first time, esp. so as to make fortunate or
unfortunate; to try experimentally.
No contrivance of our body, but some good man in Scripture hath
handseled it with prayer. Fuller.

HANDSOME
Hand"some, a. [Compar. Handsomer; superl. Handsomest.] Etym: [Hand +
-some. It at first meant, dexterous; cf. D. handzaam dexterous,
ready, limber, manageable, and E. handy.]

1. Dexterous; skillful; handy; ready; convenient; -- applied to
things as persons. [Obs.]
That they [engines of war] be both easy to be carried and handsome to
be moved and turned about. Robynson (Utopia).
For a thief it is so handsome as it may seem it was first invented
for him. Spenser.

2. Agreeable to the eye or to correct taste; having a pleasing
appearance or expression; attractive; having symmetry and dignity;
comely; -- expressing more than pretty, and less than beautiful; as,
a handsome man or woman; a handsome garment, house, tree, horse.

3. Suitable or fit in action; marked with propriety and ease;
graceful; becoming; appropriate; as, a handsome style, etc.
Easiness and handsome address in writing. Felton.

4. Evincing a becoming generosity or nobleness of character; liberal;
generous.
Handsome is as handsome does. Old Proverb.

5. Ample; moderately large.
He . . . accumulated a handsome sum of money. V. Knox.
To do the handsome thing, to act liberally. [Colloq.]

Syn.
 -- Handsome, Pretty. Pretty applies to things comparatively small,
which please by their delicacy and grace; as, a pretty girl, a pretty
flower, a pretty cottage. Handsome rises higher, and is applied to
objects on a larger scale. We admire what is handsome, we are pleased
with what is pretty. The word is connected with hand, and has thus
acquired the idea of training, cultivation, symmetry, and proportion,
which enters so largely into our conception of handsome. Thus Drayton
makes mention of handsome players, meaning those, who are well
trained; and hence we speak of a man's having a handsome address,
which is the result of culture; of a handsome horse or dog, which
implies well proportioned limbs; of a handsome face, to which, among
other qualities, the idea of proportion and a graceful contour are
essential; of a handsome tree, and a handsome house or villa. So,
from this idea of proportion or suitableness, we have, with a
different application, the expressions, a handsome fortune, a
handsome offer.

HANDSOME
Hand"some, v. t.

Defn: To render handsome. [Obs.] Donne

HANDSOMELY
Hand"some*ly, adv.

1. In a handsome manner.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Carefully; in shipshape style.

HANDSOMENESS
Hand"some*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being handsome.
Handsomeness is the mere animal excellence, beauty the mere
imaginative. Hare.

HANDSPIKE
Hand"spike`, n.

Defn: A bar or lever, generally of wood, used in a windlass or
capstan, for heaving anchor, and, in modified forms, for various
purposes.

HANDSPRING
Hand"spring`, n.

Defn: A somersault made with the assistance of the hands placed upon
the ground.

HAND-TIGHT
Hand"-tight`, a. (Naut.)

Defn: As tight as can be made by the hand. Totten.

HANDWHEEL
Hand"wheel`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: Any wheel worked by hand; esp., one the rim of which serves as
the handle by which a valve, car brake, or other part is adjusted.

HAND-WINGED
Hand"-winged`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having wings that are like hands in the structure and
arrangement of their bones; -- said of bats. See Cheiroptera.

HANDWRITING
Hand"writ`ing, n.

1. The cast or form of writing peculiar to each hand or person;
chirography.

2. That which is written by hand; manuscript. The handwriting on the
wall, a doom pronounced; an omen of disaster. Dan. v. 5.

HANDY
Hand"y, a. [Compar. Handier; superl. Handiest.] Etym: [OE. hendi, AS.
hendig (in comp.), fr. hand hand; akin to D. handig, Goth. handugs
clever, wise.]

1. Performed by the hand. [Obs.]
To draw up and come to handy strokes. Milton.

2. Skillful in using the hand; dexterous; ready; adroit. "Each is
handy in his way." Dryden.

3. Ready to the hand; near; also, suited to the use of the hand;
convenient; valuable for reference or use; as, my tools are handy; a
handy volume.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: Easily managed; obedient to the helm; -- said of a vessel.

HANDY-DANDY
Hand"y-dan`dy, n.

Defn: A child's play, one child guessing in which closed hand the
other holds some small object, winning the object if right and
forfeiting an equivalent if wrong; hence, forfeit. Piers Plowman.

HANDYFIGHT
Hand"y*fight`, n.

Defn: A fight with the hands; boxing. "Pollux loves handyfights." B.
Jonson.

HANDYGRIPE
Hand"y*gripe`, n.

Defn: Seizure by, or grasp of, the hand; also, close quarters in
fighting. Hudibras.

HANDYSTROKE
Hand"y*stroke`, n.

Defn: A blow with the hand.

HANDYWORK
Hand"y`work`, n.

Defn: See Handiwork.

HANG
Hang, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hanged (hngd) or Hung (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hanging. The use of hanged is preferable to that of hung, when
reference is had to death or execution by suspension, and it is also
more common.] Etym: [OE. hangen, hangien, v. t. & i., AS. hangian, v.
i., fr. h, v. t. (imp. heng, p. p. hongen); akin to OS. hang, v. i.
D. hangen, v. t. & i., G. hangen, v. i, hängen, v. t, Isel hanga, v.
i., Goth. hahan, v. t. (imp. haíhah), hahan, v. i. (imp. hahaida),
and perh. to L. cunctari to delay. sq. root37. ]

1. To suspend; to fasten to some elevated point without support from
below; -- often used with up or out; as, to hang a coat on a hook; to
hang up a sign; to hang out a banner.

2. To fasten in a manner which will allow of free motion upon the
point or points of suspension; -- said of a pendulum, a swing, a
door, gate, etc.

3. To fit properly, as at a proper angle (a part of an implement that
is swung in using), as a scythe to its snath, or an ax to its helve.
[U. S.]

4. To put to death by suspending by the neck; -- a form of capital
punishment; as, to hang a murderer.

5. To cover, decorate, or furnish by hanging pictures trophies,
drapery, and the like, or by covering with paper hangings; -- said of
a wall, a room, etc.
Hung be the heavens with black. Shak.
And hung thy holy roofs with savage spoils. Dryden.

6. To paste, as paper hangings, on the walls of a room.

7. To hold or bear in a suspended or inclined manner or position
instead of erect; to droop; as, he hung his head in shame.
Cowslips wan that hang the pensive head. Milton.
To hang down, to let fall below the proper position; to bend down; to
decline; as, to hang down the head, or, elliptically, to hang the
head.
 -- To hang fire (Mil.), to be slow in communicating fire through the
vent to the charge; as, the gun hangs fire; hence, to hesitate, to
hold back as if in suspense.

HANG
Hang, v. i.

1. To be suspended or fastened to some elevated point without support
from below; to dangle; to float; to rest; to remain; to stay.

2. To be fastened in such a manner as to allow of free motion on the
point or points of suspension.

3. To die or be put to death by suspension from the neck. [R.] "Sir
Balaam hangs." Pope.

4. To hold for support; to depend; to cling; -- usually with on or
upon; as, this question hangs on a single point. "Two infants hanging
on her neck." Peacham.

5. To be, or be like, a suspended weight.
Life hangs upon me, and becomes a burden. Addison.

6. To hover; to impend; to appear threateningly; -- usually with
over; as, evils hang over the country.

7. To lean or incline; to incline downward.
To decide which way hung the victory. Milton.
His neck obliquely o'er his shoulder hung. Pope.

8. To slope down; as, hanging grounds.

9. To be undetermined or uncertain; to be in suspense; to linger; to
be delayed.
A noble stroke he lifted high, Which hung not, but so swift with
tempest fell On the proud crest of Satan. Milton.
To hang around, to loiter idly about.
 -- To hang back, to hesitate; to falter; to be reluctant. "If any
one among you hangs back." Jowett (Thucyd.).
 -- To hang by the eyelids. (a) To hang by a very slight hold or
tenure. (b) To be in an unfinished condition; to be left incomplete.
 -- To hang in doubt, to be in suspense.
 -- To hang on (with the emphasis on the preposition), to keep hold;
to hold fast; to stick; to be persistent, as a disease.
 -- To hang on the lips, words, etc., to be charmed by eloquence.
 -- To hang out. (a) To be hung out so as to be displayed; to
project. (b) To be unyielding; as, the juryman hangs out against an
agreement. [Colloq.] (c) to lounge around a particular place; as,
teenageers tend to hang out at the mall these days -- To hang over.
(a) To project at the top. (b) To impend over.
 -- To hang to, to cling.
 -- To hang together. (a) To remain united; to stand by one another.
"We are all of a piece; we hang together." Dryden. (b) To be self-
consistent; as, the story does not hang together. [Colloq.] -- To
hang upon. (a) To regard with passionate affection. (b) (Mil.) To
hover around; as, to hang upon the flanks of a retreating enemy.

HANG
Hang, n.

1. The manner in which one part or thing hangs upon, or is connected
with, another; as, the hang of a scythe.

2. Connection; arrangement; plan; as, the hang of a discourse.
[Colloq.]

3. A sharp or steep declivity or slope. [Colloq.] To get the hang of,
to learn the method or arrangement of; hence, to become accustomed
to. [Colloq.]

HANGBIRD
Hang"bird`, n. (Zoöl)

Defn: The Baltimore oriole (Icterus galbula); -- so called because
its nest is suspended from the limb of a tree. See Baltimore oriole.

HANG-BY
Hang"-by`, n.; pl. Hang-bies (.

Defn: A dependent; a hanger-on; -- so called in contempt. B. Jonson.

HANGDOG
Hang"dog`, n.

Defn: A base, degraded person; a sneak; a gallows bird.

HANGDOG
Hang"dog`

Defn: , Low; sneaking; ashamed.
The poor colonel went out of the room with a hangdog look. Thackeray.

HANGER
Hang"er, n.

1. One who hangs, or causes to be hanged; a hangman.

2. That by which a thing is suspended. Especially:
(a) A strap hung to the girdle, by which a dagger or sword is
suspended.
(b) (Mach.) A part that suspends a journal box in which shafting
runs. See Illust. of Countershaft.
(c) A bridle iron.

3. That which hangs or is suspended, as a sword worn at the side;
especially, in the 18th century, a short, curved sword.

4. A steep, wooded declivity. [Eng.] Gilbert White.

HANGER-ON
Hang"er-on`, n.; pl. Hangers-on (.

Defn: One who hangs on, or sticks to, a person, place, or service; a
dependent; one who adheres to others' society longer than he is
wanted. Goldsmith.

HANGING
Hang"ing, a.

1. Requiring, deserving, or foreboding death by the halter. "What a
hanging face!" Dryden.

2. Suspended from above; pendent; as, hanging shelves.

3. Adapted for sustaining a hanging object; as, the hanging post of a
gate, the post which holds the hinges. Hanging compass, a compass
suspended so that the card may be read from beneath.
 -- Hanging garden, a garden sustained at an artificial elevation by
any means, as by the terraces at Babylon.
 -- Hanging indentation. See under Indentation.
 -- Hanging rail (Arch.), that rail of a door or casement to which
hinges are attached.
 -- Hanging side (Mining), the overhanging side of an inclined or
hading vein.
 -- Hanging sleeves. (a) Strips of the same stuff as the gown,
hanging down the back from the shoulders. (b) Loose, flowing sleeves.
 -- Hanging stile. (Arch.) (a) That stile of a door to which hinges
are secured. (b) That upright of a window frame to which casements
are hinged, or in which the pulleys for sash windows are fastened.
 -- Hanging wall (Mining), the upper wall of inclined vein, or that
which hangs over the miner's head when working in the vein.

HANGING
Hang"ing, n.

1. The act of suspending anything; the state of being suspended.

2. Death by suspension; execution by a halter.

3. That which is hung as lining or drapery for the walls of a room,
as tapestry, paper, etc., or to cover or drape a door or window; --
used chiefly in the plural.
Nor purple hangings clothe the palace walls. Dryden.

HANGMAN
Hang"man, n.; pl. Hangmen(

Defn: One who hangs another; esp., one who makes a business of
hanging; a public executioner; -- sometimes used as a term of
reproach, without reference to office. Shak.

HANGMANSHIP
Hang"man*ship, n..

Defn: The office or character of a hangman.

HANGNAIL
Hang"nail`, n. Etym: [A corruption of agnail.]

Defn: A small piece or silver of skin which hangs loose, near the
root of finger nail. Holloway.

HANGNEST
Hang"nest`, n.

1. A nest that hangs like a bag or pocket.

2. A bird which builds such a nest; a hangbird.

HANK
Hank, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. hank handle, Sw. hank a band or tie, Icel.
hanki hasp, clasp, hönk, hangr, hank, coil, skein, G. henkel, henk,
handle; ar prob. akin to E. hang. See Hang.]

1. A parcel consisting of two or more skeins of yarn or thread tied
together.

2. A rope or withe for fastening a gate. [Prov. Eng.]

3. Hold; influence.
When the devil hath got such a hank over him. Bp. Sanderson.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A ring or eye of rope, wood, or iron, attached to the edge of a
sail and running on a stay.

HANK
Hank, v. t.

1. Etym: [OE. hanken.]

Defn: To fasten with a rope, as a gate. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

2. To form into hanks.

HANKER
Han"ker, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hankered; p. pr. & vb. n. Hankering.]
Etym: [Prob. fr. hang; cf. D. hunkeren, hengelen.]

1. To long (for) with a keen appetite and uneasiness; to have a
vehement desire; -- usually with for or after; as, to hanker after
fruit; to hanker after the diversions of the town. Addison.
He was hankering to join his friend. J. A. Symonds.

2. To linger in expectation or with desire. Thackeray.

HANKERINGLY
Han"ker*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a hankering manner.

HANKEY-PANKEY
Han"key-pan"key, n. Etym: [Cf. Hocus-pocus.]

Defn: Professional cant; the chatter of conjurers to divert attention
from their tricks; hence, jugglery. [Colloq.]

HANOVERIAN
Han`o*ve"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Hanover or its people, or to the House of
Hanover in England.

HANOVERIAN
Han`o*ve"ri*an, n.

Defn: A native or naturalized inhabitant of Hanover; one of the House
of Hanover.

HANSA
Han" sa, n.

Defn: See 2d Hanse.

HANSARD
Han"sard, n.

Defn: An official report of proceedings in the British Parliament; --
so called from the name of the publishers.

HANSARD
Han"sard, n.

Defn: A merchant of one of the Hanse towns. See the Note under 2d
Hanse.

HANSE
Hanse, n. Etym: [Cf. F. anse handle, anse de panier surbased arch,
flat arch, vault, and E. haunch hip.] (Arch.)

Defn: That part of an elliptical or many-centered arch which has the
shorter radius and immediately adjoins the impost.

HANSE
Hanse, n. Etym: [G. hanse, or F. hanse (from German), OHG. & Goth.
hansa; akin to AS. h band, troop.]

Defn: An association; a league or confederacy. Hanse towns (Hist.),
certain commercial cities in Germany which associated themselves for
the protection and enlarging of their commerce. The confederacy,
called also Hansa and Hanseatic league, held its first diet in 1260,
and was maintained for nearly four hundred years. At one time the
league comprised eighty-five cities. Its remnants, Lübeck, Hamburg,
and Bremen, are free cities, and are still frequently called Hanse
towns.

HANSEATIC
Han`se*at"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the Hanse towns, or to their confederacy.
Hanseatic league. See under 2d Hanse.

HANSEL
Han"sel, n. & v.

Defn: See Handsel.

HANSELINES
Han"sel*ines, n.

Defn: A sort of breeches. [Obs..] Chaucer.

HANSOM; HANSOM CAB
Han"som, n., Han"som cab` (. Etym: [From the name of the inventor.]

Defn: A light, low, two-wheeled covered carriage with the driver's
seat elevated behind, the reins being passed over the top.
He hailed a cruising hansom . . . " 'Tis the gondola of London," said
Lothair. Beaconsfield.

HAN'T; HAIN'T
Han't.

Defn: A contraction of have not, or has not, used in illiterate
speech. In the United States the commoner spelling is hain't.

HANUKKA; HANUKKAH
Ha"nuk*ka, or Ha"nuk*kah, n. [Heb. khanukkah.]

Defn: The Jewish Feast of the Dedication, instituted by Judas
Maccabæus, his brothers, and the whole congregation of Israel, in 165
b. c., to commemorate the dedication of the new altar set up at the
purification of the temple of Jerusalem to replace the altar which
had been polluted by Antiochus Epiphanes (1 Maccabees i. 58, iv. 59).
The feast, which is mentioned in John x. 22, is held for eight days
(beginning with the 25th day of Kislev, corresponding to December),
and is celebrated everywhere, chiefly as a festival of lights, by the
Jews.

HANUMAN
Han"u*man, n.

Defn: See Hoonoomaun.

HAP
Hap, v. t. Etym: [OE.happen.]

Defn: To clothe; to wrap.
The surgeon happed her up carefully. Dr. J. Brown.

HAP
Hap, n. Etym: [Cf. Hap to clothe.]

Defn: A cloak or plaid. [O. Eng. & Scot.]

HAP
Hap, n. Etym: [Icel. happ unexpected good luck.

Defn: That which happens or comes suddenly or unexpectedly; also, the
manner of occurrence or taking place; chance; fortune; accident;
casual event; fate; luck; lot. Chaucer.
Whether art it was or heedless hap. Spenser.
Cursed be good haps, and cursed be they that build Their hopes on
haps. Sir P. Sidney.
Loving goes by haps: Some Cupid kills with arrows, some with traps.
Shak.

HAP
Hap, v. i. Etym: [OE. happen. See Hap chance, and cf. Happen.]

Defn: To happen; to befall; to chance. Chaucer.
Sends word of all that haps in Tyre. Shak.

HA'PENNY; HAP'PENNY
Hap'"pen*ny, n.

Defn: A half-penny.

HAPHAZARD
Hap"haz`ard, n. Etym: [Hap + hazard.]

Defn: Extra hazard; chance; accident; random.
We take our principles at haphazard, upon trust. Locke.

HAPHTARAH
Haph*ta"rah, n.; pl. -taroth (#). [Heb. haphtarah, prop.,
valedictory, fr. patar to depart.]

Defn: One of the lessons from the Nebiim (or Prophets) read in the
Jewish synagogue on Sabbaths, feast days, fasts, and the ninth of Ab,
at the end of the service, after the parashoth, or lessons from the
Law. Such a practice is evidenced in Luke iv.17 and Acts xiii.15.

HAPLESS
Hap"less, a.

Defn: Without hap or luck; luckless; unfortunate; unlucky; unhappy;
as, hapless youth; hapless maid. Dryden.

HAPLESSLY
Hap"less*ly, adv.

Defn: In a hapless, unlucky manner.

HAPLOMI
Ha*plo"mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of freshwater fishes, including the true pikes,
cyprinodonts, and blindfishes.

HAPLOSTEMONOUS
Hap`lo*stem"o*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having but one series of stamens, and that equal in number to
the proper number of petals; isostemonous.

HAPLY
Hap"ly, adv.

Defn: By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be.
Lest haply ye be found even to fight against God. Acts v. 39.

HAPPED
Happed, p. a. Etym: [From 1st Hap.]

Defn: Wrapped; covered; cloaked. [Scot.]
All happed with flowers in the green wood were. Hogg.

HAPPEN
Hap"pen, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Happened; p. pr. & vb. n. Happening.]
Etym: [OE. happenen, hapnen. See Hap to happen.]

1. To come by chance; to come without previous expectation; to fall
out.
There shall no evil happen to the just. Prov. xii. 21.

2. To take place; to occur.
All these things which had happened. Luke xxiv. 14.
To happen on, to meet with; to fall or light upon. "I have happened
on some other accounts." Graunt.
 -- To happen in, to make a casual call. [Colloq.]

HAPPILY
Hap"pi*ly, adv. Etym: [From Happy.]

1. By chance; peradventure; haply. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. By good fortune; fortunately; luckily.
Preferred by conquest, happily o'erthrown. Waller.

3. In a happy manner or state; in happy circumstances; as, he lived
happily with his wife.

4. With address or dexterity; gracefully; felicitously; in a manner
to success; with success.
Formed by thy converse, happily to steer From grave to gay, from
lively to severe. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Fortunately; luckily; successfully; prosperously; contentedly;
dexterously; felicitously.

HAPPINESS
Hap"pi*ness, n. Etym: [From Happy.]

1. Good luck; good fortune; prosperity.
All happiness bechance to thee in Milan! Shak.

2. An agreeable feeling or condition of the soul arising from good
fortune or propitious happening of any kind; the possession of those
circumstances or that state of being which is attended enjoyment; the
state of being happy; contentment; joyful satisfaction; felicity;
blessedness.

3. Fortuitous elegance; unstudied grace; -- used especially of
language.
Some beauties yet no precepts can declare, For there's a happiness,
as well as care. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Happiness, Felicity, Blessedness, Bliss. Happiness is generic,
and is applied to almost every kind of enjoyment except that of the
animal appetites; felicity is a more formal word, and is used more
sparingly in the same general sense, but with elevated associations;
blessedness is applied to the most refined enjoyment arising from the
purest social, benevolent, and religious affections; bliss denotes
still more exalted delight, and is applied more appropriately to the
joy anticipated in heaven.
O happiness! our being's end and aim! Pope.
Others in virtue place felicity, But virtue joined with riches and
long life; In corporal pleasures he, and careless ease. Milton.
His overthrow heaped happiness upon him; For then, and not till then,
he felt himself, And found the blessedness of being little. Shak.

HAPPY
Hap"py, a. [Compar. Happier; superl. Happiest.] Etym: [From Hap
chance.]

1. Favored by hap, luck, or fortune; lucky; fortunate; successful;
prosperous; satisfying desire; as, a happy expedient; a happy effort;
a happy venture; a happy omen.
Chymists have been more happy in finding experiments than the causes
of them. Boyle.

2. Experiencing the effect of favorable fortune; having the feeling
arising from the consciousness of well-being or of enjoyment;
enjoying good of any kind, as peace, tranquillity, comfort;
contented; joyous; as, happy hours, happy thoughts.
Happy is that people, whose God is the Lord. Ps. cxliv. 15.
The learned is happy Nature to explore, The fool is happy that he
knows no more. Pope.

3. Dexterous; ready; apt; felicitous.
One gentleman is happy at a reply, another excels in a in a
rejoinder. Swift.
Happy family, a collection of animals of different and hostile
propensities living peaceably together in one cage. Used ironically
of conventional alliances of persons who are in fact mutually
repugnant.
 -- Happy-go-lucky, trusting to hap or luck; improvident; easy-going.
"Happy-go-lucky carelessness." W. Black.

HAPUKU
Ha*pu"ku, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large and valuable food fish (Polyprion prognathus) of New
Zealand. It sometimes weighs one hundred pounds or more.

HAQUEBUT
Haque"but, n.

Defn: See Hagbut.

HARA-KIRI
Ha"ra-ki`ri, n. Etym: [Jap., stomach cutting.]

Defn: Suicide, by slashing the abdomen, formerly practiced in Japan,
and commanded by the government in the cases of disgraced officials;
disembowelment; -- also written, but incorrectly, hari-kari. W. E.
Griffis.

HARANGUE
Ha*rangue", n. Etym: [F. harangue: cf. Sp. arenda, It. aringa; lit.,
a speech before a multitude or on the hustings, It. aringo arena,
hustings, pulpit; all fr. OHG. hring ring, anything round, ring of
people, G. ring. See Ring.]

Defn: A speech addressed to a large public assembly; a popular
oration; a loud address a multitude; in a bad sense, a noisy or
pompous speech; declamation; ranting.
Gray-headed men and grave, with warriors mixed, Assemble, and
harangues are heard. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Harangue, Speech, Oration. Speech is generic; an oration is an
elaborate and rhetorical speech; an harangue is a vehement appeal to
the passions, or a noisy, disputatious address. A general makes an
harangue to his troops on the eve of a battle; a demagogue harangues
the populace on the subject of their wrongs.

HARANGUE
Ha*rangue", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harangued; p. pr. & vb. n.
Haranguing.] Etym: [Cf. F. haranguer, It. aringare.]

Defn: To make an harangue; to declaim.

HARANGUE
Ha*rangue", v. t.

Defn: To address by an harangue.

HARANGUEFUL
Ha*rangue"ful, a.

Defn: Full of harangue.

HARANGUER
Ha*rang"uer, n.

Defn: One who harangues, or is fond of haranguing; a declaimer.
With them join'd all th' harangues of the throng, That thought to get
preferment by the tongue. Dryden.

HARASS
Har"ass (hâr"as), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harassed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Harassing.] Etym: [F. harasser; cf. OF. harace a basket made of
cords, harace, harasse,a very heavy and large shield; or harer to set
(a dog) on.]

Defn: To fatigue; to tire with repeated and exhausting efforts; esp.,
to weary by importunity, teasing, or fretting; to cause to endure
excessive burdens or anxieties; -- sometimes followed by out.
[Troops] harassed with a long and wearisome march. Bacon.
Nature oppressed and harass'd out with care. Addison.
Vext with lawyers and harass'd with debt. Tennyson.

Syn.
 -- To weary; jade; tire; perplex; distress; tease; worry; disquiet;
chafe; gall; annoy; irritate; plague; vex; molest; trouble; disturb;
torment.

HARASS
Har"ass, n.

1. Devastation; waste. [Obs.] Milton.

2. Worry; harassment. [R.] Byron.

HARASSER
Har"ass*er, n.

Defn: One who harasses.

HARASSMENT
Har"ass*ment, n.

Defn: The act of harassing, or state of being harassed; worry;
annoyance; anxiety.
Little harassments which I am led to suspect do occasionally molest
the most fortunate. Ld. Lytton.

HARBEROUS
Har"ber*ous, a.

Defn: Harborous. [Obs.]
A bishop must be faultless, the husband of one wife, honestly
appareled, harberous. Tyndale (1 Tim. iii. 2)

HARBINGER
Har"bin*ger, n. Etym: [OE. herbergeour, OF. herbergeor one who
provides lodging, fr. herbergier to provide lodging, F. héberger, OF.
herberge lodging, inn, F. auberge; of German origin. See Harbor.]

1. One who provides lodgings; especially, the officer of the English
royal household who formerly preceded the court when traveling, to
provide and prepare lodgings. Fuller.

2. A forerunner; a precursor; a messenger.
I knew by these harbingers who were coming. Landor.

HARBINGER
Har"bin*ger, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harbingered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Harbingering.]

Defn: To usher in; to be a harbinger of. "Thus did the star of
religious freedom harbinger the day." Bancroft.

HARBOR
Har"bor, n. [Written also harbour.] Etym: [OE herbor, herberwe,
herberge, Icel. herbergi (cf. OHG. heriberga), orig., a shelter for
soldiers; herr army + bjarga to save, help, defend; akin to AS. here
army, G. heer, OHG. heri, Goth. harjis, and AS. beorgan to save,
shelter, defend, G. bergen. See Harry, 2d Bury, and cf. Harbinger.]

1. A station for rest and entertainment; a place of security and
comfort; a refuge; a shelter.
[A grove] fair harbour that them seems. Spenser.
For harbor at a thousand doors they knocked. Dryden.

2. Specif.: A lodging place; an inn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. (Astrol.)

Defn: The mansion of a heavenly body. [Obs.]

4. A portion of a sea, a lake, or other large body of water, either
landlocked or artificially protected so as to be a place of safety
for vessels in stormy weather; a port or haven.

5. (Glass Works)

Defn: A mixing box materials. Harbor dues (Naut.), fees paid for the
use of a harbor.
 -- Harbor seal (Zoöl.), the common seal.
 -- Harbor watch, a watch set when a vessel is in port; an anchor
watch.

HARBOR
Har"bor, v. t. [Written also harbour.] [imp. & p. p. Harbored; p. pr.
& vb. n. Harboring.] Etym: [OE. herberen, herberwen, herbergen; cf.
Icel. herbergja. See Harbor, n.]

Defn: To afford lodging to; to enter as guest; to receive; to give a
refuge to; indulge or cherish (a thought or feeling, esp. an ill
thought).
Any place that harbors men. Shak.
The bare suspicion made it treason to harbor the person suspected.
Bp. Burnet.
Let not your gentle breast harbor one thought of outrage. Rowe.

HARBOR
Har"bor, v. i.

Defn: To lodge, or abide for a time; to take shelter, as in a harbor.
For this night let's harbor here in York. Shak.

HARBORAGE
Har"bor*age, n.

Defn: Shelter; entertainment.[R.]
Where can I get me harborage for the night Tennyson.

HARBORER
Har"bor*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, harbors.
Geneva was . . . a harborer of exiles for religion. Strype.

HARBORLESS
Har"bor*less, a.

Defn: Without a harbor; shelterless.

HARBOR MASTER
Har"bor mas`ter.

Defn: An officer charged with the duty of executing the regulations
respecting the use of a harbor.

HARBOROUGH; HARBROUGH
Har"bor*ough, Har"brough,Etym: [See Harbor.]

Defn: A shelter. [Obs]. Spenser.

HARBOROUS
Har"bor*ous, a.

Defn: Hospitable. [Obs.]

HARD
Hard, a. [Compar. Harder; superl. Hardest.] Etym: [OE. heard, AS.
heard; akin to OS. & D. heard, G. hart, OHG. harti, Icel. har, Dan.
haard, Sw. hård, Goth. hardus, Gr.,, strength, and also to E. -ard,
as in coward, drunkard, -crat, -cracy in autocrat, democracy; cf.
Skr. kratu strength, to do, make. Gf.Hardy.]

1. Not easily penetrated, cut, or separated into parts; not yielding
to pressure; firm; solid; compact; -- applied to material bodies, and
opposed to soft; as, hard wood; hard flesh; a hard apple.

2. Difficult, mentally or judicially; not easily apprehended,
decided, or resolved; as a hard problem.
The hard causes they brought unto Moses. Ex. xviii. 26.
In which are some things hard to be understood. 2 Peter iii. 16.

3. Difficult to accomplish; full of obstacles; laborious; fatiguing;
arduous; as, a hard task; a disease hard to cure.

4. Difficult to resist or control; powerful.
The stag was too hard for the horse. L'Estrange.
A power which will be always too hard for them. Addison.

5. Difficult to bear or endure; not easy to put up with or consent
to; hence, severe; rigorous; oppressive; distressing; unjust;
grasping; as, a hard lot; hard times; hard fare; a hard winter; hard
conditions or terms.
I never could drive a hard bargain. Burke.

6. Difficult to please or influence; stern; unyielding; obdurate;
unsympathetic; unfeeling; cruel; as, a hard master; a hard heart;
hard words; a hard character.

7. Not easy or agreeable to the taste; stiff; rigid; ungraceful;
repelling; as, a hard style.
Figures harder than even the marble itself. Dryden.

8. Rough; acid; sour, as liquors; as, hard cider.

9. (Pron.) Abrupt or explosive in utterance; not aspirated,
sibilated, or pronounced with a gradual change of the organs from one
position to another;- said of certain consonants, as c in came, and g
in go, as distinguished from the same letters in center, general,
etc.

10. Wanting softness or smoothness of utterance; harsh; as, a hard
tone.

11. (Painting)
(a) Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures; formal;
lacking grace of composition.
(b) Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in the coloring or light
and shade. Hard cancer, Hard case, etc. See under Cancer, Case, etc.
 -- Hard clam, or Hard-shelled clam (Zoöl.), the guahog.
 -- Hard coal, anthracite, as distinguished from bituminous or soft
coal.
 -- Hard and fast. (Naut.) See under Fast.
 -- Hard finish (Arch.), a smooth finishing coat of hard fine plaster
applied to the surface of rough plastering.
 -- Hard lines, hardship; difficult conditions.
 -- Hard money, coin or specie, as distinguished from paper money.
 -- Hard oyster (Zoöl.), the northern native oyster. [Local, U. S.] -
- Hard pan, the hard stratum of earth lying beneath the soil; hence,
figuratively, the firm, substantial, fundamental part or quality of
anything; as, the hard pan of character, of a matter in dispute, etc.
See Pan.
 -- Hard rubber. See under Rubber.
 -- Hard solder. See under Solder.
 -- Hard water, water, which contains lime or some mineral substance
rendering it unfit for washing. See Hardness, 3.- Hard wood, wood of
a solid or hard texture; as walnut, oak, ash, box, and the like, in
distinction from pine, poplar, hemlock, etc.- In hard condition, in
excellent condition for racing; having firm muscles;-said of race
horses.

Syn.
 -- Solid; arduous; powerful; trying; unyielding; stubborn; stern;
flinty; unfeeling; harsh; difficult; severe; obdurate; rigid. See
Solid, and Arduous.

HARD
Hard, adv. Etym: [OE. harde, AS. hearde.]

1. With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly.
And prayed so hard for mercy from the prince. Dryden.
My father Is hard at study; pray now, rest yourself. Shak.

2. With difficulty; as, the vehicle moves hard.

3. Uneasily; vexatiously; slowly. Shak.

4. So as to raise difficulties. " The guestion is hard set". Sir T.
Browne.

5. With tension or strain of the powers; violently; with force;
tempestuously; vehemently; vigorously; energetically; as, to press,
to blow, to rain hard; hence, rapidly; as, to run hard.

6. Close or near.
Whose house joined hard to the synagogue. Acts xviii.7.
Hard by, near by; close at hand; not far off. "Hard by a cottage
chimney smokes." Milton.
 -- Hard pushed, Hard run, greatly pressed; as, he was hard pushed or
hard run for time, money, etc. [Colloq.] -- Hard up, closely pressed
by want or necessity; without money or resources; as, hard up for
amusements. [Slang]

Note: Hard in nautical language is often joined to words of command
to the helmsman, denoting that the order should be carried out with
the utmost energy, or that the helm should be put, in the direction
indicated, to the extreme limit, as, Hard aport! Hard astarboard!
Hard alee! Hard aweather up! Hard is also often used in composition
with a participle; as, hard-baked; hard-earned; hard-working; hard-
won.

HARD
Hard, v. t.

Defn: To harden; to make hard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HARD
Hard, n.

Defn: A ford or passage across a river or swamp.

HARDBAKE
Hard"bake`, n.

Defn: A sweetmeat of boiled brown sugar or molasses made with
almonds, and flavored with orange or lemon juice, etc. Thackeray.

HARDBEAM
Hard"beam`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tree of the genus Carpinus, of compact, horny texture;
hornbeam.

HARDEN
Hard"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hardened; p. pr. & vb. n. Hardening.]
Etym: [OE. hardnen, hardenen.]

1. To make hard or harder; to make firm or compact; to indurate; as,
to harden clay or iron.

2. To accustom by labor or suffering to endure with constancy; to
strengthen; to stiffen; to inure; also, to confirm in wickedness or
shame; to make unimpressionable. "Harden not your heart." Ps. xcv. 8.
I would harden myself in sorrow. Job vi. 10.

HARDEN
Hard"en, v. i.

1. To become hard or harder; to acquire solidity, or more
compactness; as, mortar hardens by drying.
The deliberate judgment of those who knew him [A. Lincoln] has
hardened into tradition. The Century.

2. To become confirmed or strengthened, in either a good or a bad
sense.
They, hardened more by what might most reclaim. Milton.

HARDENED
Hard"ened, a.

Defn: Made hard, or compact; made unfeeling or callous; made
obstinate or obdurate; confirmed in error or vice.

Syn.
 -- Impenetrable; hard; obdurate; callous; unfeeling; unsusceptible;
insensible. See Obdurate.

HARDENER
Hard"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, hardens; specif., one who tempers
tools.

HARDENING
Hard"en*ing, n.

1. Making hard or harder.

2. That which hardens, as a material used for converting the surface
of iron into steel.

HARDER
Har"der, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South African mullet, salted for food.

HARDERIAN
Har*de"ri*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: A term applied to a lachrymal gland on the inner side of the
orbit of many animals which have a third eyelid, or nictitating
membrane. See Nictitating membrane, under Nictitate.

HARD-FAVORED
Hard"-fa`vored, a.

Defn: Hard-featured; ill-looking; as, Vulcan was hard-favored.
Dryden.

HARDFAVOREDNESS
Hard"fa`vored*ness, n.

Defn: Coarseness of features.

HARD-FAVOREDNESS
Hard"-fa`vored*ness, n.

Defn: Coarseness of features.

HARD-FEATURED
Hard"-fea`tured, a

Defn: Having coarse, unattractive or stern features. Smollett.

HARDFERN
Hard"fern`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of fern (Lomaria borealis), growing in Europe and
Northwestern America.

HARD-FISTED
Hard"-fist`ed, a.

1. Having hard or strong hands; as, a hard-fisted laborer.

2. Close-fisted; covetous; niggardly. Bp. Hall.

HARD-FOUGHT
Hard"-fought`, a. Vigorously

Defn: contested; as, a hard-fought battle.

HARD GRASS
Hard" grass` (. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several different grasses, especially to the
Roltböllia incurvata, and to the species of Ægilops, from one of
which it is contended that wheat has been derived.

HARDHACK
Hard"hack` (, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A very astringent shrub (Spiræa tomentosa), common in pastures.
The Potentilla fruticosa in also called by this name.

HARD-HANDED
Hard"-hand`ed, a.

Defn: Having hard hands, as a manual laborer.
Hard-handed men that work in Athens here. Shak.

HARDHEAD
Hard"head`, n.

1. Clash or collision of heads in contest. Dryden.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The menhaden. See Menhaden. [Local, U.S.]
(b) Block's gurnard (Trigla gurnardus) of Europe.
(c) A California salmon; the steelhead.
(d) The gray whale. See Gray whale, under Gray.
(e) A coarse American commercial sponge (Spongia dura).

HARD-HEADED
Hard"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having sound judgment; sagacious; shrewd.
 -- Hard"-head`ed*ness, n.

HARD-HEARTED
Hard"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Unsympathetic; inexorable; cruel; pitiless.
 -- Hard"-heart`ed*ness, n.

HARDIHEAD
Hard"i*head, n.

Defn: Hardihood. [Obs.]

HARDIHOOD
Hard"i*hood, n. Etym: [Hardy + -hood.]

Defn: Boldness, united with firmness and constancy of mind; bravery;
intrepidity; also, audaciousness; impudence.
A bound of graceful hardihood. Wordsworth.
It is the society of numbers which gives hardihood to iniquity.
Buckminster.

Syn.
 -- Intrepidity; courage; pluck; resolution; stoutness; audacity;
effrontery; impudence.

HARDILY
Har"di*ly, adv.

1. Same as Hardly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Boldly; stoutly; resolutely. Wyclif.

HARDIMENT
Har"di*ment, n. Etym: [OF. hardement. See Hardy.]

Defn: Hardihood; boldness; courage; energetic action. [Obs.]
Changing hardiment with great Glendower. Shak.

HARDINESS
Har"di*ness, n.

1. Capability of endurance.

2. Hardihood; boldness; firmness; assurance. Spenser.
Plenty and peace breeds cowards; Hardness ever Of hardiness is
mother. Shak.
They who were not yet grown to the hardiness of avowing the contempt
of the king. Clarendon.

3. Hardship; fatigue. [Obs.] Spenser.

HARDISH
Hard"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat hard.

HARD-LABORED
Hard"-la`bored, a.

Defn: Wrought with severe labor; elaborate; studied. Swift.

HARDLY
Hard"ly, adv. Etym: [AS.heardlice. See Hand.]

1. In a hard or difficult manner; with difficulty.
Recovering hardly what he lost before. Dryden.

2. Unwillingly; grudgingly.
The House of Peers gave so hardly theiMilton.

3. Scarcely; barely; not guite; not wholly.
Hardly shall you one so bad, but he desires the credit of being
thought good. South.

4. Severely; harshly; roughly.
He has in many things been hardly used. Swift.

5. Confidently; hardily. [Obs.] Holland.

6. Certainly; surely; indeed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HARD-MOUTHED
Hard"-mouthed`, a.

Defn: Not sensible to the bit; not easily governed; as, a hard-
mouthed horse.

HARDNESS
Hard"ness, n. Etym: [AS. heardness.]

1. The quality or state of being hard, literally or figuratively.
The habit of authority also had given his manners some peremptory
hardness. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Min.)

Defn: The cohesion of the particles on the surface of a body,
determined by its capacity to scratch another, or be itself
scratched;-measured among minerals on a scale of which diamond and
talc form the extremes.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: The peculiar quality exhibited by water which has mineral salts
dissolved in it. Such water forms an insoluble compound with soap,
and is hence unfit for washing purposes.

Note: This quality is caused by the presence of calcium carbonate,
causing temporary hardness which can be removed by boiling, or by
calcium sulphate, causing permanent hardness which can not be so
removed, but may be improved by the addition of sodium carbonate.

HARDOCK
Har"dock, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Hordock.

HARDPAN
Hard"pan`, n.

Defn: The hard substratum. Same as Hard pan, under Hard, a.

HARDS
Hards, n. pl. Etym: [OE. herdes, AS. heordan; akin to G. hede.]

Defn: The refuse or coarse part of fiax; tow.

HARD-SHELL
Hard"-shell`, a.

Defn: Unyielding; insensible to argument; uncompromising; strict.
[Collog., U.S.]

HARDSHIP
Hard"ship, n.

Defn: That which is hard to hear, as toil, privation, injury,
injustice, etc. Swift.

HARDSPUN
Hard"spun`, a.

Defn: Firmly twisted in spinning.

HARD STEEL
Hard steel.

Defn: Steel hardened by the addition of other elements, as manganese,
phosphorus, or (usually) carbon.

HARD-TACK
Hard"-tack`, n.

Defn: A name given by soldiers and sailors to a kind of hard biscuit
or sea bread.

HARDTAIL
Hard"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Jurel.

HARD-VISAGED
Hard"-vis`aged, a.

Defn: Of a harsh or stern countenance; hard-featured. Burke.

HARDWARE
Hard"ware`, n.

Defn: Ware made of metal, as cutlery, kitchen utensils, and the like;
ironmongery.

HARDWAREMAN
Hard"ware`man, n.; pl. Hardwaremen (.

Defn: One who makes, or deals in, hardware.

HARDY
Har"dy, a. [Compar. Hardier; superl. Hardiest.] Etym: [F.hardi, p. p.
fr. OF. hardir to make bold; of German origin, cf. OHG. hertan to
harden, G. härten. See Hard, a.]

1. Bold; brave; stout; daring; resolue; intrepid.
Hap helpeth hardy man alway. Chaucer.

2. Confident; full of assurance; in a bad sense, morally hardened;
shameless.

3. Strong; firm; compact.
[A] blast may shake in pieces his hardy fabric. South.

4. Inured to fatigue or hardships; strong; capable of endurance; as,
a hardy veteran; a hardy mariner.

5. Able to withstand the cold of winter.

Note: Plants which are hardy in Virginia may perish in New England.
Half-hardy plants are those which are able to withstand mild winters
or moderate frosts.

HARDY
Har"dy, n.

Defn: A blacksmith's fuller or chisel, having a square shank for
insertion into a square hole in an anvil, called the hardy hole.

HARE
Hare, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Harry, Harass.]

Defn: To excite; to tease, or worry; to harry. [Obs.] Locke.

HARE
Hare, n. Etym: [AS. hara; akin to D. haas, G. hase, OHG. haso, Dan. æ
Sw. hare, Icel. h, Skr. .

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rodent of the genus Lepus, having long hind legs, a short
tail, and a divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, moves swiftly by
leaps, and is remarkable for its fecundity.

Note: The species of hares are numerous. The common European hare is
Lepustimidus. The northern or varying hare of America (L.
Americanus), and the prairie hare (L. campestris), turn white in
winter. In America, the various species of hares are commonly called
rabbits.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A small constellation situated south of and under the foot of
Orion; Lepus. Hare and hounds, a game played by men and boys, two,
called hares, having a few minutes' start, and scattering bits of
paper to indicate their course, being chased by the others, called
the hounds, through a wide circuit.
 -- Hare kangaroo (Zoöl.)., a small Australian kangaroo (Lagorchestes
Leporoides), resembling the hare in size and color, -- Hare's lettuce
(Bot.), a plant of the genus Sonchus, or sow thistle; -- so called
because hares are said to eat it when fainting with heat. Dr. Prior.
 -- Jumping hare. (Zoöl.) See under Jumping.
 -- Little chief hare, or Crying hare. (Zoöl.) See Chief hare.
 -- Sea hare. (Zoöl.) See Aplysia.

HAREBELL
Hare"bell`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small, slender, branching plant (Campanula rotundifolia),
having blue bell-shaped flowers; also, Scilla nutans, which has
similar flowers; -- called also bluebell. [Written also hairbell.]
E'en the light harebell raised its head. Sir W. Scott .

HAREBRAINED; HARE BRAINED
Hare"brained`', a.

Defn: Wild; giddy; volatile; heedless. "A mad hare-brained fellow."
North (Plutarch). [Written also hairbrained.]

HAREFOOT
Hare"foot`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A long, narrow foot, carried (that is, produced or extending)
forward; -- said of dogs.

2. (Bot)

Defn: A tree (Ochroma Laqopus) of the West Indies, having the stamens
united somewhat in the form of a hare's foot. Harefoot clover (Bot.),
a species of clover (Trifolium arvense) with soft and silky heads.

HARE-HEARTED
Hare"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Timorous; timid; easily frightened. Ainsworth.

HAREHOUND
Hare"hound`, n.

Defn: See Harrier. A. Chalmers.

HARELD
Har"eld, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The long-tailed duck. See Old Squaw.

HARELIP
Hare"lip`, n.

Defn: A lip, commonly the upper one, having a fissure of
perpendicular division like that of a hare.
 -- Hare"lipped`, a.

HAREM
Ha"rem, n.Etym: [Ar.haram, orig., anything forbidden of sacred, fr.
harama to forbid, prohibit.] Etym: [Written also haram and hareem.]

1. The apartments or portion of the house allotted to females in
Mohammedan families.

2. The family of wives and concubines belonging to one man, in
Mohammedan countries; a seraglio.

HARENGIFORM
Ha*ren"gi*form, a. Etym: [F. hareng herring (LL.harengus) + -form.]

Defn: Herring-shaped.

HARE'S-EAR
Hare's"-ear`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant (Bupleurum rotundifolium ); -- so named
from the shape of its leaves. Dr. Prior.

HARE'S-FOOT FERN
Hare's"-foot` fern`. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of fern (Davallia Canariensis) with a soft, gray,
hairy rootstock; -- whence the name.

HARE'S-TAIL
Hare's"-tail` (-tal`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of grass (Eriophorum vaginatum). See Cotton grass, under
Cotton. Hare's-tail grass (Bot.), a species of grass (Lagurus ovatus)
whose head resembles a hare's tail.

HARFANG
Har"fang, n. Etym: [See Hare, n., and Fang.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The snowy owl.

HARIALI GRASS
Ha`ri*a"li grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: The East Indian name of the Cynodon Dactylon; dog's-grass.

HARICOT
Har"i*cot, n. Etym: [F.]

1. A ragout or stew of meat with beans and other vegetables.

2. The ripe seeds, or the unripe pod, of the common string bean
(Phaseolus vulgaris), used as a vegetable. Other species of the same
genus furnish different kinds of haricots.

HARIER
Har"i*er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Harrier.

HARIKARI
Ha"ri*ka`ri, n.

Defn: See Hara-kiri.

HARIOLATION
Har`i*o*la"tion, n. Etym: [See Ariolation.]

Defn: Prognostication; soothsaying. [Obs.] Cockeram.

HARISH
Har"ish, a.

Defn: Like a hare. [R.] Huloet.

HARK
Hark, v. i. Etym: [OE. herken. See Hearken.]

Defn: To listen; to hearken. [Now rare, except in the imperative form
used as an interjection, Hark! listen.] Hudibras. Hark away! Hark
back! Hark forward! (Sporting), cries used to incite and guide hounds
in hunting.
 -- To hark back, to go back for a fresh start, as when one has
wandered from his direct course, or made a digression.
He must have overshot the mark, and must hark back. Haggard. He
harked back to the subject. W. E. Norris.

HARKEN
Hark"en, v. t. & i.

Defn: To hearken. Tennyson.

HARL
Harl, n. Etym: [Cf. OHG. harluf noose, rope; E. hards refuse of
flax.]

1. A filamentous substance; especially, the filaments of flax or
hemp.

2. A barb, or barbs, of a fine large feather, as of a peacock or
ostrich, -- used in dressing artificial flies. [Written also herl.]

HARLE
Harle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The red-breasted merganser.

HARLECH GROUP
Har"lech group`. Etym: [ So called from Harlech in Wales.] (Geol.)

Defn: A minor subdivision at the base of the Cambrian system in
Wales.

HARLEQUIN
Har"le*quin, n. Etym: [F. arlequin,formerly written also harlequin
(cf. It, arlecchino), prob. fr. OF. hierlekin, hellequin, goblin,
elf, which is prob. of German or Dutch origin; cf. D. hel hell. Cf.
Hell, Kin.]

Defn: A buffoon, dressed in party-colored clothes, who plays tricks,
often without speaking, to divert the bystanders or an audience; a
merry-andrew; originally, a droll rogue of Italian comedy. Percy
Smith.
As dumb harlequin is exhibited in our theaters. Johnson.
Harlequin bat (Zoöl.), an Indian bat (Scotophilus ornatus), curiously
variegated with white spots.
 -- Harlequin beetle (Zoöl.), a very large South American beetle
(Acrocinus longimanus) having very long legs and antennæ. The elytra
are curiously marked with red, black, and gray.
 -- Harlequin cabbage bug. (Zoöl.) See Calicoback.
 -- Harlequin caterpillar. (Zoöl.), the larva of an American bombycid
moth (Euchætes egle) which is covered with black, white, yellow, and
orange tufts of hair.
 -- Harlequin duck (Zoöl.), a North American duck (Histrionicus
histrionicus). The male is dark ash, curiously streaked with white.
 -- Harlequin moth. (Zoöl.) See Magpie Moth.
 -- Harlequin opal. See Opal.
 -- Harlequin snake (Zoöl.), a small, poisonous snake (Elaps
fulvius), ringed with red and black, found in the Southern United
States.

HARLEQUIN
Har"le*quin, n. i.

Defn: To play the droll; to make sport by playing ludicrous tricks.

HARLEQUIN
Har"le*quin, v. t.

Defn: Toremove or conjure away, as by a harlequin's trick.
And kitten,if the humor hit Has harlequined away the fit. M. Green.

HARLEQUINADE
Har"le*quin*ade`, n. Etym: [F. arleguinade.]

Defn: A play or part of play in which the harlequin is conspicuous;
the part of a harlequin. Macaulay.

HARLOCK
Har"lock, n.

Defn: Probably a corruption either of charlock or hardock. Drayton.

HARLOT
Har"lot, n. Etym: [OE.harlot, herlot, a vagabond, OF. harlot, herlot,
arlot; cf. Pr. arlot, Sp. arlote, It. arlotto; of uncertain origin.]

1. A churl; a common man; a person, male or female, of low birth.
[Obs.]
He was a gentle harlot and a kind. Chaucer.

2. A person given to low conduct; a rogue; a cheat; a rascal. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

3. A woman who prostitutes her body for hire; a prostitute; a common
woman; a strumpet.

HARLOT
Har"lot, a.

Defn: Wanton; lewd; low; base. Shak.

HARLOT
Har"lot, v. i.

Defn: To play the harlot; to practice lewdness. Milton.

HARLOTIZE
Har"lot*ize, v. i.

Defn: To harlot. [Obs.] Warner.

HARLOTRY
Har"lot*ry, n.

1. Ribaldry; buffoonery; a ribald story. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
Chaucer.

2. The trade or practice of prostitution; habitual or customary
lewdness. Dryden.

3. Anything meretricious; as, harlotry in art.

4. A harlot; a strumpet; a baggage. [Obs.]
He sups to-night with a harlotry. Shak.

HARM
Harm, n. Etym: [OE.harm, hearm, AS.hearm; akin to OS. harm, G. harm
grief, Icel. harmr, Dan. harme, Sw. harm; cf. OSlav. & Russ. sram'
shame, Skr. crama toil, fatigue.]

1. Injury; hurt; damage; detriment; misfortune.

2. That which causes injury, damage, or loss.
We, ignorant of ourselves, Beg often our own harms. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Mischief; evil; loss; injury. See Mischief.

HARM
Harm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Harming.] Etym:
[OE. harmen, AS. hearmian. See Harm, n.]

Defn: To hurt; to injure; to damage; to wrong.
Though yet he never harmed me. Shak.
No ground of enmity between us known Why he should mean me ill or
seek to harm. Milton.

HARMALINE
Har"ma*line, n. Etym: [Cf. F. harmaline See Harmel.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found in the plant Peganum harmala. It forms
bitter, yellow salts.

HARMATTAN
Har*mat"tan, n. Etym: [F. harmattan, prob. of Arabic origin.]

Defn: A dry, hot wind, prevailing on the Atlantic coast of Africa, in
December, January, and February, blowing from the interior or Sahara.
It is usually accompanied by a haze which obscures the sun.

HARMEL
Har"mel, n. Etym: [Ar. harmal.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of rue (Ruta sylvestris) growing in India. At Lahore the
seeds are used medicinally and for fumigation.

HARMFUL
Harm"ful, a.

Defn: Full of harm; injurious; hurtful; mischievous. " Most harmful
hazards." Strype. --Harm"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Harm"ful*ness, n.

HARMINE
Har"mine, n.Etym: [See Harmaline.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid accompanying harmaline (in the Peganum harmala),
and obtained from it by oxidation. It is a white crystalline
substance.

HARMLESS
Harm"less, a.

1. Free from harm; unhurt; as, to give bond to save another harmless.

2. Free from power or disposition to harm; innocent; inoffensive. "
The harmless deer." Drayton

Syn.
 -- Innocent; innoxious; innocuous; inoffensive; unoffending; unhurt;
uninjured; unharmed. --Harm"less*ly, adv.- Harm"less*ness, n.

HARMONIC; HARMONICAL
Har*mon"ic, Har*mon"ic*al (, a. Etym: [L. harmonicus, Gr. harmonique.
See Harmony.]

1. Concordant; musical; consonant; as, harmonic sounds.
Harmonic twang! of leather, horn, and brass. Pope.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Relating to harmony, -- as melodic relates to melody;
harmonious; esp., relating to the accessory sounds or overtones which
accompany the predominant and apparent single tone of any string or
sonorous body.

3. (Math.)

Defn: Having relations or properties bearing some resemblance to
those of musical consonances; -- said of certain numbers, ratios,
proportions, points, lines. motions, and the like. Harmonic interval
(Mus.), the distance between two notes of a chord, or two consonant
notes.
 -- Harmonical mean (Arith. & Alg.), certain relations of numbers and
quantities, which bear an analogy to musical consonances.
 -- Harmonic motion, the motion of the point A, of the foot of the
perpendicular PA, when P moves uniformly in the circumference of a
circle, and PA is drawn perpendicularly upon a fixed diameter of the
circle. This is simple harmonic motion. The combinations, in any way,
of two more simple harmonic motions, make other kinds of harmonic
motion. The motion of the pendulum bob of a clock is approximately
simple harmonic motion.
 -- Harmonic proportion. See under Proportion.
 -- Harmonic series or progression. See under Progression.
 -- Spherical harmonic analysis, a mathematical method, sometimes
referred to as that of Laplace's Coefficients, which has for its
object the expression of an arbitrary, periodic function of two
independent variables, in the proper form for a large class of
physical problems, involving arbitrary data, over a spherical
surface, and the deduction of solutions for every point of space. The
functions employed in this method are called spherical harmonic
functions. Thomson & Tait.
 -- Harmonic suture (Anat.), an articulation by simple apposition of
comparatively smooth surfaces or edges, as between the two superior
maxillary bones in man; -- called also harmonic, and harmony.
 -- Harmonic triad (Mus.), the chord of a note with its third and
fifth; the common chord.

HARMONIC
Har*mon"ic, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A musical note produced by a number of vibrations which is a
multiple of the number producing some other; an overtone. See
Harmonics.

HARMONICA
Har*mon"i*ca, n. Etym: [Fem. fr. L. harmonicus harmonic. See
Harmonic, n. ]

1. A musical instrument, consisting of a series of hemispherical
glasses which, by touching the edges with the dampened finger, give
forth the tones.

2. A toy instrument of strips of glass or metal hung on two tapes,
and struck with hammers.

HARMONICALLY
Har* mon"ic*al*ly, adv.

1. In an harmonical manner; harmoniously.

2. In respect to harmony, as distinguished from melody; as, a passage
harmonically correct.

3. (Math.)

Defn: In harmonical progression.

HARMONICON
Har*mon"i*con, n.

Defn: A small, flat, wind instrument of music, in which the notes are
produced by the vibration of free metallic reeds.

HARMONICS
Har*mon"ics, n.

1. The doctrine or science of musical sounds.

2. pl. (Mus.)

Defn: Secondary and less distinct tones which accompany any
principal, and apparently simple, tone, as the octave, the twelfth,
the fifteenth, and the seventeenth. The name is also applied to the
artificial tones produced by a string or column of air, when the
impulse given to it suffices only to make a part of the string or
column vibrate; overtones.

HARMONIOUS
Har*mo"ni*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. harmonieux. See Harmony.]

1. Adapted to each other; having parts proportioned to each other;
symmetrical.
God hath made the intellectual world harmonious and beautiful without
us. Locke.

2. Acting together to a common end; agreeing in action or feeling;
living in peace and friendship; as, an harmonious family.

3. Vocally or musically concordant; agreeably consonant; symphonious.
 -- Har*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Har*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.

HARMONIPHON
Har*mon"i*phon, n. Etym: [Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: An obsolete wind instrument with a keyboard, in which the
sound, which resembled the oboe, was produced by the vibration of
thin metallic plates, acted upon by blowing through a tube.

HARMONIST
Har"mo*nist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. harmoniste.]

1. One who shows the agreement or harmony of corresponding passages
of different authors, as of the four evangelists.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: One who understands the principles of harmony or is skillful in
applying them in composition; a musical composer.

HARMONIST; HARMONITE
Har"mo*nist, Har"mo*nite, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a religious sect, founded in Würtemburg in the last
century, composed of followers of George Rapp, a weaver. They had all
their property in common. In 1803, a portion of this sect settled in
Pennsylvania and called the village thus established, Harmony.

HARMONIUM
Har*mo"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Harmony. ]

Defn: A musical instrument, resembling a small organ and especially
designed for church music, in which the tones are produced by forcing
air by means of a bellows so as to cause the vibration of free
metallic reeds. It is now made with one or two keyboards, and has
pedals and stops.

HARMONIZATION
Har`mo*ni*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of harmonizing.

HARMONIZE
Har"mo*nize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harmonized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Harmonizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. harmoniser. ]

1. To agree in action, adaptation, or effect on the mind; to agree in
sense or purport; as, the parts of a mechanism harmonize.

2. To be in peace and friendship, as individuals, families, or public
organizations.

3. To agree in vocal or musical effect; to form a concord; as, the
tones harmonize perfectly.

HARMONIZE
Har"mo*nize, v. t.

1. To adjust in fit proportions; to cause to agree; to show the
agreement of; to reconcile the apparent contradiction of.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: To accompany with harmony; to provide with parts, as an air, or
melody.

HARMONIZER
Har"mo*ni`zer, n.

Defn: One who harmonizes.

HARMONOMETER
Har`mo*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. meter: cf. F. harmonometre.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the harmonic relations of sounds.
It is often a monochord furnished with movable bridges.

HARMONY
Har"mo*ny, n.; pl. Harmonies. Etym: [ F.harmonic, L. harmonia, Gr.
Article. ]

1. The just adaptation of parts to each other, in any system or
combination of things, or in things, or things intended to form a
connected whole; such an agreement between the different parts of a
design or composition as to produce unity of effect; as, the harmony
of the universe.

2. Concord or agreement in facts, opinions, manners, interests, etc.;
good correspondence; peace and friendship; as, good citizens live in
harmony.

3. A literary work which brings together or arranges systematically
parallel passages of historians respecting the same events, and shows
their agreement or consistency; as, a harmony of the Gospels.

4. (Mus.)
(a) A succession of chords according to the rules of progression and
modulation.
(b) The science which treats of their construction and progression.
Ten thousand harps, that tuned Angelic harmonies. Milton.

5. (Anat.)

Defn: See Harmonic suture, under Harmonic. Close harmony, Dispersed
harmony, etc. See under Close, Dispersed, etc.
 -- Harmony of the spheres. See Music of the spheres, under Music.

Syn.
 -- Harmony, Melody. Harmony results from the concord of two or more
strains or sounds which differ in pitch and quality. Melody denotes
the pleasing alternation and variety of musical and measured sounds,
as they succeed each other in a single verse or strain.

HARMOST
Har"most, n. Etym: [Gr. , fr. harmoste. See Harmony.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A governor or prefect appointed by the Spartans in the cities
subjugated by them.

HARMOTOME
Har"mo*tome, n. Etym: [Gr. harmotome.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous silicate of alumina and baryta, occurring usually in
white cruciform crystals; cross-stone.

Note: A related mineral, called lime harmotome, and Phillipsite,
contains lime in place of baryta. Dana.

HARNESS
Har"ness, n. Etym: [OE. harneis, harnes, OF.harneis, F. harnais,
harnois; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. harnez old iron, armor, W.
haiarn iron, Armor. houarn, Ir. iarann, Gael. iarunn. Gf. Iron.]

1. Originally, the complete dress, especially in a military sense, of
a man or a horse; hence, in general, armor.
At least we 'll die witch harness on our back. Shak.

2. The equipment of a draught or carriage horse, for drawing a wagon,
coach, chaise, etc.; gear; tackling.

3. The part of a loom comprising the heddles, with their means of
support and motion, by which the threads of the warp are alternately
raised and depressed for the passage of the shuttle. To die in
harness, to die with armor on; hence, colloquially, to die while
actively engaged in work or duty.

HARNESS
Har"ness, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harnessed; p. pr. & vb. n. Harnessing.]
Etym: [OE. harneisen; cf. F. harnacher, OF. harneschier.]

1. To dress in armor; to equip with armor for war, as a horseman; to
array.
Harnessed in rugged steel. Rowe.
A gay dagger, Harnessed well and sharp as point of spear. Chaucer.

2. Fig.: To equip or furnish for defense. Dr. H. More.

3. To make ready for draught; to equip with harness, as a horse. Also
used figuratively.
Harnessed to some regular profession. J. C. Shairp.
Harnessed antelope. (Zoöl.) See Guib.
 -- Harnessed moth (Zoöl.), an American bombycid moth (Arctia
phalerata of Harris), having, on the fore wings, stripes and bands of
buff on a black ground.

HARNESS CASK
Har"ness cask`. (Naut.)

Defn: A tub lashed to a vessel's deck and containing salted
provisions for daily use; -- called also harness tub. W. C. Russell.

HARNESSER
Har"ness*er, n.

Defn: One who harnesses.

HARNS
Harns, n. pl. Etym: [Akin to Icel.hjarni, Dan. hierne.]

Defn: The brains. [Scot.]

HARP
Harp, n. Etym: [OE. harpe, AS. hearpe; akin to D. harp, G.harfe, OHG.
harpha, Dan. harpe, Icel. & Sw. harpa.]

1. A musical instrument consisting of a triangular frame furnished
with strings and sometimes with pedals, held upright, and played with
the fingers.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation; Lyra, or the Lyre.

3. A grain sieve. [Scot.] Æolian harp. See under Æolian. Harp seal
(Zoöl.), an arctic seal (Phoca Groenlandica). The adult males have a
light-colored body, with a harp-shaped mark of black on each side,
and the face and throat black. Called also saddler, and saddleback.
The immature ones are called bluesides.
 -- Harp shell (Zoöl.), a beautiful marine gastropod shell of the
genus Harpa, of several species, found in tropical seas. See Harpa.

HARP
Harp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harped p. pr. & vb. n. Harping.] Etym: [AS.
hearpian. See Harp, n.]

1. To play on the harp.
I heard the voice of harpers, harping with their harps. Rev. xiv. 2.

2. To dwell on or recur to a subject tediously or monotonously in
speaking or in writing; to refer to something repeatedly or
continually; -- usually with on or upon. "Harpings upon old themes."
W. Irving.
Harping on what I am, Not what he knew I was. Shak.
To harp on one string, to dwell upon one subject with disagreeable or
wearisome persistence. [Collog.]

HARP
Harp, v. t.

Defn: To play on, as a harp; to play (a tune) on the harp; to develop
or give expression to by skill and art; to sound forth as from a
harp; to hit upon.
Thou 'harped my fear aright. Shak.

HARPA
Har"pa, n. Etym: [L., harp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine univalve shells; the harp shells; -- so
called from the form of the shells, and their ornamental ribs.

HARPAGON
Har"pa*gon, n Etym: [L. harpago, Gr.

Defn: A grappling iron. [Obs.]

HARPER
Harp"er, n. Etym: [AS. hearpere.]

1. A player on the harp; a minstrel.
The murmuring pines and the hemlocks . . . Stand like harpers hoar,
with beards that rest on their bosoms. Longfellow.

2. A brass coin bearing the emblem of a harp, -- formerly current in
Ireland. B. Jonson.

HARPING
Harp"ing, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the harp; as, harping symphonies. Milton.

HARPING IRON
Harp"ing i`ron. Etym: [F.harper to grasp strongly. See Harpoon.]

Defn: A harpoon. Evelyn.

HARPINGS
Harp"ings, n. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: The fore parts of the wales, which encompass the bow of a
vessel, and are fastened to the stem. [Written also harpins.] Totten.

HARPIST
Harp"ist, n. Etym: [Gf. F. harpiste.]

Defn: A player on the harp; a harper. W. Browne.

HARPOON
Har*poon", n. Etym: [F. harpon, LL. harpo, perh. of Ger. origin, fr.
the harp; cf. F. harper to take and grasp strongly, harpe a dog's
claw, harpin boathook (the sense of hook coming from the shape of the
harp); but cf. also Gr. harpy. Cf. Harp.]

Defn: A spear or javelin used to strike and kill large fish, as
whales; a harping iron. It consists of a long shank, with a broad,
fiat, triangular head, sharpened at both edges, and is thrown by
hand, or discharged from a gun. Harpoon fork, a kind of hayfork,
consisting of bar with hinged barbs at one end a loop for a rope at
the other end, used for lifting hay from the load by horse power.
 -- Harpoon gun, a gun used in the whale fishery for shooting the
harpoon into a whale.

HARPOON
Har*poon", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harpooned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Harpooning.]

Defn: To strike, catch, or kill with a harpoon.

HARPOONEER
Har`poon*eer`, n.

Defn: An harpooner. Grabb.

HARPOONER
Har*poon`er, n. Etym: [Gf. F. harponneur.]

Defn: One who throws the harpoon.

HARPRESS
Harp`ress, n.

Defn: A female harper. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

HARPSICHON
Harp"si*chon, n.

Defn: A harpsichord. [Obs.]

HARPSICHORD
Harp"si*chord, n. Etym: [OF. harpechorde, in which the harpe is of
German origin. See Harp, and Chord.] (Mus.)

Defn: A harp-shaped instrument of music set horizontally on legs,
like the grand piano, with strings of wire, played by the fingers, by
means of keys provided with quills, instead of hammers, for striking
the strings. It is now superseded by the piano.

HARPY
Har"py, n.; pl. Harpies. Etym: [F. harpie, L. harpyia, Gr.
Rapacious.]

1. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: A fabulous winged monster, ravenous and filthy, having the face
of a woman and the body of a vulture, with long claws, and the face
pale with hunger. Some writers mention two, others three.
Both table and provisions vanished guite. With sound of harpies'
wings and talons heard. Milton.

2. One who is rapacious or ravenous; an extortioner.
The harpies about all pocket the pool. Goldsmith.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) The European moor buzzard or marsh harrier (Circus æruginosus).
(b) A large and powerful, double-crested, short-winged American eagle
(Thrasaëtus harpyia). It ranges from Texas to Brazil. Harpy bat
(Zoöl.) (a) An East Indian fruit bat of the genus Harpyia (esp. H.
cerphalotes), having prominent, tubular nostrils. (b) A small,
insectivorous Indian bat (Harpiocephalus harpia). Harpy fly (Zoöl.),
the house fly.

HARQUEBUS; HARQUEBUSE
Har"que*bus, Har"que*buse, n. Etym: [See Arquebus.]

Defn: A firearm with match holder, trigger, and tumbler, made in the
second half of the 15th century. the barrel was about forty inches
long. A form of the harquebus was subsequently called arquebus with
matchlock.

HARRAGE
Har"rage v. t.. Etym: [See Harry.]

Defn: To harass; to plunder from. [Obs.] Fuller.

HARRE
Har"re, n. Etym: [OE., fr. AS. heorr, hior.]

Defn: A hinge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HARRIDAN
Har"ri*dan, n. Etym: [F. haridelle a worn-out horse, jade.]

Defn: A worn-out strumpet; a vixenish woman; a hag.
Such a weak, watery, wicked old harridan, substituted for the pretty
creature I had been used to see. De Quincey.

HARRIER
Har"ri*er, n. Etym: [From Hare, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a small breed of hounds, used for hunting hares.
[Written also harier.]

HARRIER
Har"ri*er, n. Etym: [From Harry.]

1. One who harries.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of hawks or buzzards of the genus Circus
which fly low and harry small animals or birds, -- as the European
marsh harrier (Circus ærunginosus), and the hen harrier (C. cyaneus).
Harrier hawk(Micrastur.

HARROW
Har"row, n. Etym: [OE. harowe, harwe, AS. hearge; cf. D. hark rake,
G. harke, Icel. herfi harrow, Dan. harve, Sw. harf.

1. An implement of agriculture, usually formed of pieces of timber or
metal crossing each other, and set with iron or wooden teeth. It is
drawn over plowed land to level it and break the clods, to stir the
soil and make it fine, or to cover seed when sown.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: An obstacle formed by turning an ordinary harrow upside down,
the frame being buried. Bush harrow, a kind of light harrow made of
bushes, for harrowing grass lands and covering seeds, or to finish
the work of a toothed harrow.
 -- Drill harrow. See under 6th Drill.
 -- Under the harrow, subjected to actual torture with a toothed
instrument, or to great affliction or oppression.

HARROW
Har"row, v. t.. [imp. & p. p. Harrowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Harrowing.]
Etym: [OE. harowen, harwen; cf. Dan. harve. See Harrow, n.]

1. To draw a harrow over, as for the purpose of breaking clods and
leveling the surface, or for covering seed; as, to harrow land.
Will he harrow the valleys after thee Job xxxix. 10.

2. To break or tear, as with a harrow; to wound; to lacerate; to
torment or distress; to vex.
My aged muscles harrowed up with whips. Rowe.
I could a tale unfold, whose lightest word Would harrow up thy soul.
Shak.

HARROW
Har"row, interj. Etym: [OF. harau, haro; fr. OHG. hara, hera, herot,
or fr. OS. herod hither, akin to E. here.]

Defn: Help! Halloo! An exclamation of distress; a call for succor;-
the ancient Norman hue and cry. "Harrow and well away!" Spenser.
Harrow! alas! here lies my fellow slain. Chaucer.

HARROW
Har"row, v. t.. Etym: [See Harry.]

Defn: To pillage; to harry; to oppress. [Obs.] Spenser.
Meaning thereby to harrow his people. Bacon

HARROWER
Har"row*er, n.

Defn: One who harrows.

HARROWER
Har"row*er, n.

Defn: One who harries. [Obs.]

HARRY
Har"ry, v. t.. [imp. & p. p. Harried( ); p. pr. & vb. n. Harrying.]
Etym: [OF. harwen, herien, her, AS. hergisn to act as an army, to
ravage, plunder, fr. here army; akin to G. here army; akin to G.
heer, Icel. herr, Goth. harjis, and Lith. karas war. Gf. Harbor,
Herald, Heriot.]

1. To strip; to lay waste; as, the Northmen came several times and
harried the land.
To harry this beautiful region. W. Irving.
A red squirrel had harried the nest of a wood thrush. J. Burroughs.

2. To agitate; to worry; to harrow; to harass. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To ravage; plunder; pillage; lay waste; vex; tease; worry; annoy;
harass.

HARRY
Har"ry, v. i..

Defn: To make a predatory incursion; to plunder or lay waste. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.

HARSH
Harsh, a. [Compar. Harsher; superl. Harshest.] Etym: [OE. harsk; akin
to G. harsch, Dan. harsk rancid, Sw. härsk; from the same source as
E. hard. See Hard, a.]

1. Rough; disagreeable; grating; esp.:(a) To the touch."Harsh sand."
Boyle. (b) To the taste. "Berries harsh and crude." Milton. (c) To
the ear. "Harsh din." Milton.

2. Unpleasant and repulsive to the sensibilities; austere; crabbed;
morose; abusive; abusive; severe; rough.
Clarence is so harsh, so blunt. Shak.
Though harsh the precept, yet the charmed. Dryden.

3. (Painting, Drawing, etc.)

Defn: Having violent contrasts of color, or of light and shade;
lacking in harmony.

HARSHLY
Harsh"ly, adv.

Defn: In a harsh manner; gratingly; roughly; rudely.
'T will sound harshly in her ears. Shak.

HARSHNESS
Harsh"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being harsh.
O, she is Ten times more gentle than her father 's crabbed, And he's
composed of harshness. Shak.
'Tis not enough no harshness gives offense, The sound must seem an
echo to the sense. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Acrimony; roughness; sternness; asperity; tartness. See Acrimony.

HARSLET
Hars"let, n.

Defn: See Haslet.

HART
Hart, n. Etym: [OE.hart, hert, heort, AS. heort, heorot; akin to D.
hert, OHG. hiruz, hirz, G. hirsch, Icel. hjörtr, Dan. & Sw. hjort, L.
cervus, and prob. to Gr.Horn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stag; the male of the red deer. See the Note under Buck.
Goodliest of all the forest, hart and hind. Milton.

HARTBEEST
Hart"beest`, n. Etym: [D. hertebeest. See Hart, and Beast.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large South African antelope (Alcelaphus caama), formerly
much more abundant than it is now. The face and legs are marked with
black, the rump with white. [Written also hartebeest, and hartebest.]

HARTEN
Hart"en, v. t.

Defn: To hearten; to encourage; to incite. [Obs.] Spenser.

HARTFORD
Hart"ford, n.

Defn: The Hartford grape, a variety of grape first raised at
Hartford, Connecticut, from the Northern fox grape. Its large dark-
colored berries ripen earlier than those of most other kinds.

HART'S CLOVER
Hart's` clo`ver. (Bot.)

Defn: Melilot or sweet clover. See Melilot.

HART'S-EAR
Hart's`-ear`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An Asiatic species of Cacalia (C. Kleinia), used medicinally in
India.

HARTSHORN
Harts"horn`, n.

1. The horn or antler of the hart, or male red deer.

2. Spirits of hartshorn (see below); volatile salts. Hartshorn
plantain (Bot.), an annual species of plantain (Plantago Coronopus);
-- called also duck's-horn. Booth.
 -- Hartshorn shavings, originally taken from the horns of harts, are
now obtained chiefly by planing down the bones of calves. They afford
a kind of jelly. Hebert.
 -- Salt of hartshorn (Chem.), an impure solid carbonate of ammonia,
obtained by the destructive distillation of hartshorn, or any kind of
bone; volatile salts. Brande & C.-- Spirits of hartshorn (Chem.), a
solution of ammonia in water; -- so called because formerly obtained
from hartshorn shavings by destructive distillation. Similar
ammoniacal solutions from other sources have received the same name.

HART-TONGUE; HART'S-TONGUE
Hart"-tongue`, Hart's"-tongue`, n. (Bot.)
(a) A common British fern (Scolopendrium vulgare), rare in America.
(b) A West Indian fern, the Polypodium Phyllitidis of Linnæus. It is
also found in Florida.

HARTWORT
Hart"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (Tordylium maximum).

Note: The name is often vaguely given to other plants of the same
order, as species of Seseli and Bupleurum.

HARUM-SCARUM
Har"um-scar"um, a. Etym: [Cf. hare,v. t., and scare, v. t.]

Defn: Wild; giddy; flighty; rash; thoughtless. [Colloq.]
They had a quarrel with Sir Thomas Newcome's own son, a harum-scarum
lad. Thackeray.

HARUSPICATION
Ha*rus`pi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: See Haruspicy. Tylor.

HARUSPICE
Ha*rus"pice, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. haruspex.]

Defn: A diviner of ancient Rome. Same as Aruspice.

HARUSPICY
Ha*rus"pi*cy, n.

Defn: The art or practices of haruspices. See Aruspicy.

HARVEST
Har"vest, n. Etym: [OE. harvest, hervest, AS. hærfest autumn; akin to
LG. harfst, D. herfst, OHG. herbist, G. herbst, and prob. to L.
carpere to pluck, Gr. Carpet.]

1. The gathering of a crop of any kind; the ingathering of the crops;
also, the season of gathering grain and fruits, late summer or early
autumn.
Seedtime and harvest . . . shall not cease. Gen viii. 22.
At harvest, when corn is ripe. Tyndale.

2. That which is reaped or ready to be reaped or gath
Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe. Joel iii. 13.
To glean the broken ears after the man That the main harvest reaps.
Shak.

3. The product or result of any exertion or labor; gain; reward.
The pope's principal harvest was in the jubilee. Fuller.
The harvest of a quiet eye. Wordsworth.
Harvest fish (Zoöl.), a marine fish of the Southern United States
(Stromateus alepidotus); -- called whiting in Virginia. Also applied
to the dollar fish.
 -- Harvest fly (Zoöl.), an hemipterous insect of the genus Cicada,
often called locust. See Cicada.
 -- Harvest lord, the head reaper at a harvest. [Obs.] Tusser.
 -- Harvest mite (Zoöl.), a minute European mite (Leptus autumnalis),
of a bright crimson color, which is troublesome by penetrating the
skin of man and domestic animals; -- called also harvest louse, and
harvest bug.
 -- Harvest moon, the moon near the full at the time of harvest in
England, or about the autumnal equinox, when, by reason of the small
angle that is made by the moon's orbit with the horizon, it rises
nearly at the same hour for several days.
 -- Harvest mouse (Zoöl.), a very small European field mouse (Mus
minutus). It builds a globular nest on the stems of wheat and other
plants.
 -- Harvest queen, an image pepresenting Ceres, formerly carried
about on the last day of harvest. Milton.
 -- Harvest spider. (Zoöl.) See Daddy longlegs.

HARVEST
Har"vest, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harvested; p. pr. & vb. n. Harvesting.]

Defn: To reap or gather, as any crop.

HARVESTER
Har"vest*er, n.

1. One who harvests; a machine for cutting and gathering grain; a
reaper.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A harvesting ant.

HARVEST-HOME
Har"vest-home", n.

1. The gathering and bringing home of the harvest; the time of
harvest.
Showed like a stubble land at harvest-home. Shak.

2. The song sung by reapers at the feast made at the close of the
harvest; the feast itself. Dryden.

3. A service of thanksgiving, at harvest time, in the Church of
England and in the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States.

4. The opportunity of gathering treasure. Shak.

HARVESTING
Har"vest*ing, a. & n.

Defn: , from Harvest, v. t. Harvesting ant (Zoöl.), any species of
ant which gathers and stores up seeds for food. Many species are
known.

Note: The species found in Southern Europe and Palestine are
Aphenogaster structor and A. barbara; that of Texas, called
agricultural ant, is Pogonomyrmex barbatus or Myrmica molifaciens;
that of Florida is P. crudelis. See Agricultural ant, under
Agricultural.

HARVESTLESS
Har"vest*less, a.

Defn: Without harvest; lacking in crops; barren. "Harvestless
autumns." Tennyson.

HARVESTMAN
Har"vest*man, n.; pl. Harvestmen (.

1. A man engaged in harvesting. Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Daddy longlegs, 1.

HARVESTRY
Har"vest*ry, n.

Defn: The act of harvesting; also, that which is harvested.
Swinburne.

HARVEY PROCESS
Har"vey proc"ess. (Metal.)

Defn: A process of hardening the face of steel, as armor plates,
invented by Hayward A. Harvey of New Jersey, consisting in the
additional carburizing of the face of a piece of low carbon steel by
subjecting it to the action of carbon under long-continued pressure
at a very high heat, and then to a violent chilling, as by a spray of
cold water. This process gives an armor plate a thick surface of
extreme hardness supported by material gradually decreasing in
hardness to the unaltered soft steel at the back.

HARY
Har"y, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. harier to harass, or E. harry, v. t.]

Defn: To draw; to drag; to carry off by vio [Obs.] Chaucer.

HAS
Has,

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Have.

HASARD
Has"ard, n.

Defn: Hazard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HASE
Hase, v. t. [Obs.]

Defn: See Haze, v. t.

HASH
Hash, n. Etym: [Formerly hachey, hachee, F. hachis, hacher to hash;
of German origin; cf. G. hippe sickle, OHG. hippa, for happia. Cf.
Hatchet.]

1. That which is hashed or chopped up; meat and vegetables,
especially such as have been already cooked, chopped into small
pieces and mixed.

2. A new mixture of old matter; a second preparation or exhibition.
I can not bear elections, and still less the hash of them over again
in a first session. Walpole.

HASH
Hash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hashing.] Etym:
[From Hash, n.: cf. F. hacher to hash.]

Defn: To as, to hash meat. Hudibras.

HASHEESH; HASHISH
Hash"eesh, Hash"ish, n. Etym: [Ar. hashish.]

Defn: A slightly acrid gum resin produced by the common hemp
(Cannabis saltiva), of the variety Indica, when cultivated in a warm
climate; also, the tops of the plant, from which the resinous product
is obtained. It is narcotic, and has long been used in the East for
its intoxicating effect. See Bhang, and Ganja.

HASK
Hask, n. Etym: [See Hassock.]

Defn: A basket made of rushes or flags, as for carrying fish. [Obs.]
Spenser.

HASLET
Has"let, n. Etym: [F. hâtelettes broil, for hastelettes, fr. F. haste
spit; cf. L. hasta spear, and also OHG. harst gridiron.]

Defn: The edible viscera, as the heart, liver, etc., of a beast, esp.
of a hog. [Written also harslet.]

HASP
Hasp, n. Etym: [OE. hasp, hesp, AS. hæpse; akin to G. haspe, häspe,
Sw. & Dan. haspe, Icel. hespa.]

1. A clasp, especially a metal strap permanently fast at one end to a
staple or pin, while the other passes over a staple, and is fastened
by a padlock or a pin; also, a metallic hook for fastening a door.

2. A spindle to wind yarn, thread, or silk on.

3. An instrument for cutting the surface of grass land; a scarifier.

HASP
Hasp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hasped; p. pr. & vb. n. Hasping.] Etym:
[AS. hæpsian.]

Defn: To shut or fasten with a hasp.

HASSOCK
Has"sock, n. Etym: [Scot. hassock, hassik, a besom, anything bushy, a
large, round turf used as a seat, OE. hassok sedgy ground, W. hesgog
sedgy, hesg sedge, rushes; cf. Ir. seisg, and E. sedge.]

1. A rank tuft of bog grass; a tussock. Forby.

2. A small stuffed cushion or footstool, for kneeling on in church,
or for home use.
And knees and hassocks are well nigh divorced. Cowper.

HAST
Hast

Defn: , 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest. [Archaic]

HASTATE; HASTATED
Has"tate, Has"ta*ted, a. Etym: [L. hastatus, fr. hasta spear. Cf.
Gad, n.]

Defn: Shaped like the head of a halberd; triangular, with the basal
angles or lobes spreading; as, a hastate leaf.

HASTE
Haste, n. Etym: [OE. hast; akin to D. haast, G., Dan., Sw., & OFries.
hast, cf. OF. haste, F. hâte (of German origin); all perh. fr. the
root of E. hate in a earlier sense of, to pursue. See Hate.]

1. Celerity of motion; speed; swiftness; dispatch; expedition; --
applied only to voluntary beings, as men and other animals.
The king's business required haste. 1 Sam. xxi. 8.

2. The state of being urged or pressed by business; hurry; urgency;
sudden excitement of feeling or passion; precipitance; vehemence.
I said in my haste, All men are liars. Ps. cxvi. 11.
To make haste, to hasten.

Syn.
 -- Speed; quickness; nimbleness; swiftness; expedition; dispatch;
hurry; precipitance; vehemence; precipitation.
 -- Haste, Hurry, Speed, Dispatch. Haste denotes quickness of action
and a strong desire for getting on; hurry includes a confusion and
want of collected thought not implied in haste; speed denotes the
actual progress which is made; dispatch, the promptitude and rapidity
with which things are done. A man may properly be in haste, but never
in a hurry. Speed usually secures dispatch.

HASTE
Haste, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Hasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hasting.]
Etym: [OE. hasten; akin to G. hasten, D. haasten, Dan. haste, Sw.
hasta, OF. haster, F. hâter. See Haste, n.]

Defn: To hasten; to hurry. [Archaic]
I 'll haste the writer. Shak.
They were troubled and hasted away. Ps. xlviii. 5.

HASTEN
Has"ten, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hastened; p. pr. & vb. n. Hastening.]

Defn: To press; to drive or urge forward; to push on; to precipitate;
to accelerate the movement of; to expedite; to hurry.
I would hasten my escape from the windy storm. Ps. lv. 8.

HASTEN
Has"ten, v. i.

Defn: To move celerity; to be rapid in motion; to act speedily or
quickly; to go quickly.
I hastened to the spot whence the noise came. D

HASTENER
Has"ten*er, n.

1. One who hastens.

2. That which hastens; especially, a stand or reflector used for
confining the heat of the fire to meat while roasting before it.

HASTIF
Has"tif, a. Etym: [OF. See Hastive.]

Defn: Hasty. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- Has"tif*ly, adv. [Obs.]

HASTILE
Has"tile, a. Etym: [L. hasta a spear.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Hastate. Gray.

HASTILY
Has"ti*ly, adv. Etym: [From Hasty.]

1. In haste; with speed or quickness; speedily; nimbly.

2. Without due reflection; precipitately; rashly.
We hastily engaged in the war. Swift.

3. Passionately; impatiently. Shak.

HASTINESS
Has"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being hasty; haste; precipitation;
rashness; quickness of temper.

HASTINGS
Has"tings, n. pl. Etym: [From Haste, v.]

Defn: Early fruit or vegetables; especially, early pease. Mortimer.

HASTINGS SANDS
Has"tings sands". (Geol.)

Defn: The lower group of the Wealden formation; -- so called from its
development around Hastings, in Sussex, England.

HASTIVE
Has"tive, a. Etym: [OF. hastif. See Haste, n., and cf. Hastif.]

Defn: Forward; early; -- said of fruits. [Obs.]

HASTY
Has"ty, a. [Compar. Hastier; superl. Hastiest.] Etym: [Akin to D.
haastig, G., Sw., & Dan. hastig. See Haste, n.]

1. Involving haste; done, made, etc., in haste; as, a hasty sketch.

2. Demanding haste or immediate action. [R.] Chaucer. "Hasty
employment." Shak.

3. Moving or acting with haste or in a hurry; hurrying; hence, acting
without deliberation; precipitate; rash; easily excited; eager.

4. Made or reached without deliberation or due caution; as, a hasty
conjecture, inference, conclusion, etc., a hasty resolution.

5.

Defn: Proceeding from, or indicating, a quick temper.
Take no unkindness of his hasty words. Shak

6. Forward; early; first ripe. [Obs.] "As the hasty fruit before the
summer." Is. xxviii. 4.

HASTY PUDDING
Has"ty pud"ding.

1. A thick batter pudding made of Indian meal stirred into boiling
water; mush. [U. S.]

2. A batter or pudding made of flour or oatmeal, stirred into boiling
water or milk. [Eng.]

HAT
Hat, a.

Defn: Hot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HAT
Hat,

Defn: sing. pres. of Hote to be called. Cf. Hatte. [Obs.] "That one
hat abstinence." Piers Plowman.

HAT
Hat, n. Etym: [AS. hæt, hætt; akin to Dan. hat, Sw. hatt, Icel. hattr
a hat, höttr hood, D. hoed hat, G. hut, OHG. huot, and prob. to L.
cassis helmet. Hood.]

Defn: A covering for the head; esp., one with a crown and brim, made
of various materials, and worn by men or women for protecting the
head from the sun or weather, or for ornament. Hat block, a block on
which hats are formed or dressed.
 -- To pass around the hat, to take up a collection of voluntary
contributions, which are often received in a hat. [Collog.] Lowell.

HATABLE
Hat"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Hate.]

Defn: Capable of being, or deserving to be, hated; odious;
detestable.

HATBAND
Hat"band`, n.

Defn: A band round the crown of a hat; sometimes, a band of black
cloth, crape, etc., worn as a badge of mourning.

HATBOX
Hat"box`, n.

Defn: A box for a hat.

HATCH
Hatch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hatched; p. pr. & vb. n. Hatching.] Etym:
[F. hacher to chop, hack. See Hash.]

1. To cross with lines in a peculiar manneHatching.
Shall win this sword, silvered and hatched. Chapman.
Those hatching strokes of the pencil. Dryden.

2. To cross; to spot; to stain; to steep. [Obs.]
His weapon hatched in blood. Beau. & Fl.

HATCH
Hatch, v. t. Etym: [OE. hacchen, hetchen; akin to G. hecken, Dan.
hekke; cf. MHG. hagen bull; perh. akin to E. hatch a half door, and
orig. meaning, to produce under a hatch.

1. To produce, as young, from an egg or eggs by incubation, or by
artificial heat; to produce young from (eggs); as, the young when
hatched. Paley.
As the partridge sitteth on eggs, and hatcheth them not. Jer. xvii.
11.
For the hens do not sit upon the eggs; but by keeping them in a
certain equal heat they [the husbandmen] bring life into them and
hatch them. Robynson (More's Utopia).

2. To contrive or plot; to form by meditation, and bring into being;
to originate and produce; to concoct; as, to hatch mischief; to hatch
heresy. Hooker.
Fancies hatched In silken-folded idleness. Tennyson.

HATCH
Hatch, v. i.

Defn: To produce young; -- said of eggs; to come forth from the egg;
-- said of the young of birds, fishes, insects, etc.

HATCH
Hatch, n.

1. The act of hatching.

2. Development; disclosure; discovery. Shak.

3. The chickens produced at once or by one incubation; a brood.

HATCH
Hatch, n. Etym: [OE. hacche, AS. hæc, cf. haca the bar of a door, D.
hek gate, Sw. häck coop, rack, Dan. hekke manger, rack. Prob. akin to
E. hook, and first used of something made of pieces fastened
together. Cf. Heck, Hack a frame.]

1. A door with an opening over it; a half door, sometimes set with
spikes on the upper edge.
In at the window, or else o'er the hatch. Shak.

2. A frame or weir in a river, for catching fish.

3. A flood gate; a a sluice gate. Ainsworth.

4. A bedstead. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

5. An opening in the deck of a vessel or floor of a warehouse which
serves as a passageway or hoistway; a hatchway; also; a cover or
door, or one of the covers used in closing such an opening.

6. (Mining)

Defn: An opening into, or in search of, a mine. Booby hatch, Buttery
hatch, Companion hatch, etc. See under Booby, Buttery, etc.
 -- To batten down the hatches (Naut.), to lay tarpaulins over them,
and secure them with battens.
 -- To be under hatches, to be confined below in a vessel; to be
under arrest, or in slavery, distress, etc.

HATCH
Hatch, v. t.

Defn: To close with a hatch or hatches.
'T were not amiss to keep our door hatched. Shak

HATCH-BOAT
Hatch"-boat`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel whose deck consists almost wholly of movable hatches;
-- used mostly in the fisheries.

HATCHEL
Hatch"el, n. Etym: [OE. hechele, hekele; akin to D. hekel, G. hechel,
Dan. hegle, Sw. häkla, and prob. to E. hook. See Hook, and cf.
Hackle, Heckle.]

Defn: An instrument with long iron teeth set in a board, for
cleansing flax or hemp from the tow, hards, or coarse part; a kind of
large comb; -- called also hackle and heckle.

HATCHEL
Hatch"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hatcheled or Hatchelled (; p. pr. & vb.
n. Hatcheling or Hatchelling.] Etym: [OE. hechelen, hekelen; akin to
D. hekelen, G. hecheln, Dan. hegle, Sw. häkla. See Hatchel, n.]

1. To draw through the teeth of a hatchel, as flax or hemp, so as to
separate the coarse and refuse parts from the fine, fibrous parts.

2. To tease; to worry; to torment. [Colloq.]

HATCHELER
Hatch"el*er, n.

Defn: One who uses a hatchel.

HATCHER
Hatch"er, n.

1. One who hatches, or that which hatches; a hatching apparatus; an
incubator.

2. One who contrives or originates; a plotter.
A great hatcher and breeder of business. Swift.

HATCHERY
Hatch"er*y, n.

Defn: A house for hatching fish, etc.

HATCHET
Hatch"et, n. Etym: [F. hachette, dim. of hache Hatch, Hash.]

1. A small ax with a short handle, to be used with one hand.

2. Specifically, a tomahawk.
Buried was the bloody hatchet. Longfellow.

Hatchet face, a thin, sharp face, like the edge of a hatchet; hence:
Hatchet-faced, sharp-visaged. Dryden.
 -- To bury the hatchet, to make peace or become reconciled.
 -- To take up the hatchet, to make or declare war. The last two
phrases are derived from the practice of the American Indians.

HATCHET MAN
Hatchet man

Defn: 1. A person hired to murder or physically attack another; a hit
man.

Defn: 2. A person who deliberately tries to ruin the reputation of
another, often unscrupulously, by slander or other malicious
communication, often with political motive, and sometimes for pay.

HATCHETTINE; HATCHETTITE
Hatch"et*tine, Hatch"et*tite, n. Etym: [Named after the discoverer,
Charles Hatchett.] (Min.)

Defn: Mineral t

HATCHING
Hatch"ing, n. Etym: [See 1st Hatch.]

Defn: A mode of execution in engraving, drawing, and miniature
painting, in which shading is produced by lines crossing each other
at angles more or less acute; -- called also crosshatching.

HATCHMENT
Hatch"ment, n. Etym: [Corrupt. fr. achievement.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: A sort of panel, upon which the arms of a deceased person are
temporarily displayed, -- usually on the walls of his dwelling. It is
lozenge-shaped or square, but is hung cornerwise. It is used in
England as a means of giving public notification of the death of the
deceased, his or her rank, whether married, widower, widow, etc.
Called also achievement.
His obscure funeral; No trophy, sword, or hatchment o'er his bones.
Shak.

2. A sword or other mark of the profession of arms; in general, a
mark of dignity.
Let there be deducted, out of our main potation, Five marks in
hatchments to adorn this thigh. Beau. & Fl.

HATCHURE
Hatch"ure, n.

Defn: Same as Hachure.

HATCHWAY
Hatch"way`, n.

Defn: A square or oblong opening in a deck or floor, affording
passage from one deck or story to another; the entrance to a cellar.

HATE
Hate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hated; p. pr. & pr. & vb. n. Hating.] Etym:
[OE. haten, hatien, AS. hatian; akin to OS. hatan, hat to be hostile
to, D. haten to hate, OHG. hazz, hazz, G. hassen, Icel. & Sw. hata,
Dan. hade, Goth. hatan, hatian. . Cf. Hate, n., Heinous.]

1. To have a great aversion to, with a strong desire that evil should
befall the person toward whom the feeling is directed; to dislike
intensely; to detest; as, to hate one's enemies; to hate hypocrisy.
Whosoever hateth his brother is a murderer. 1 John iii. 15.

2. To be very unwilling; followed by an infinitive, or a substantive
clause with that; as, to hate to get into debt; to hate that anything
should be wasted.
I hate that he should linger here. Tennyson.

3. (Script.)

Defn: To love less, relatively. Luke xiv. 26.

Syn.
 -- To Hate, Abhor, Detest, Abominate, Loathe. Hate is the generic
word, and implies that one is inflamed with extreme dislike. We abhor
what is deeply repugnant to our sensibilities or feelings. We detest
what contradicts so utterly our principles and moral sentiments that
we feel bound to lift up our voice against it. What we abominate does
equal violence to our moral and religious sentiments. What we loathe
is offensive to our own nature, and excites unmingled disgust. Our
Savior is said to have hated the deeds of the Nicolaitanes; his
language shows that he loathed the lukewarmness of the Laodiceans; he
detested the hypocrisy of the scribes and Pharisees; he abhorred the
suggestions of the tempter in the wilderness.

HATE
Hate, n. Etym: [OE. hate, hete, AS. hete; akin to D. haat, G. hass,
Icel. hatr, SW. hat, Dan. had, Goth. hatis. Cf. Hate, v.]

Defn: Strong aversion coupled with desire that evil should befall the
person toward whom the feeling is directed; as exercised toward
things, intense dislike; hatred; detestation; -- opposed to love.
For in a wink the false love turns to hate. Tennyson.

HATEFUL
Hate"ful, a.

1. Manifesting hate or hatred; malignant; malevolent. [Archaic or R.]
And worse than death, to view with hateful eyes His rival's conquest.
Dryden.

2. Exciting or deserving great dislike, aversion, or disgust; odious.
Unhappy, wretched, hateful day! Shak.

Syn.
 -- Odious; detestable; abominable; execrable; loathsome; abhorrent;
repugnant; malevolent.
 -- Hate"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Hate"ful*ness, n.

HATEL
Hat"el, a.

Defn: Hateful; detestable. [Obs.]

HATER
Hat"er, n.

Defn: One who hates.
An enemy to God, and a hater of all good. Sir T. Browne.

HATH
Hath, 3d pers. sing. pres. of Have, contracted from haveth.

Defn: Has. [Archaic.]

HATLESS
Hat"less, a.

Defn: Having no hat.

HATRACK
Hat"rack`, n.

Defn: A hatstand; hattree.

HATRED
Ha"tred, n. Etym: [OE. hatred, hatreden. See Hate, and cf. Kindred.]

Defn: Strong aversion; intense dislike; hate; an affection of the
mind awakened by something regarded as evil.

Syn.
 -- Odium; ill will; enmity; hate; animosity; malevolence; rancor;
malignity; detestation; loathing; abhorrence; repugnance; antipathy.
See Odium.

HATSTAND
Hat"stand`, n.

Defn: A stand of wood or iron, with hooks or pegs upon which to hang
hats, etc.

HATTE
Hat`te,

Defn: pres. & imp. sing. & pl. of Hote, to be called. See Hote.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
A full perilous place, purgatory it hatte. Piers Plowman.

HATTED
Hat"ted, a.

Defn: Covered with a hat.

HATTER
Hat"ter, v. t. Etym: [Prov. E., to entangle; cf. LG. verhaddern,
verheddern, verhiddern.]

Defn: To tire or worry; -- out. [Obs.] Dryden.

HATTER
Hat"ter, n.

Defn: One who makes or sells hats.

HATTERIA
Hat*te"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A New Zealand lizard, which, in anatomical character, differs
widely from all other existing lizards. It is the only living
representative of the order Rhynchocephala, of which many Mesozoic
fossil species are known; -- called also Sphenodon, and Tuatera.

HATTING
Hat"ting, n.

Defn: The business of making hats; also, stuff for hats.

HATTI-SHERIF
Hat"ti-sher`if, n. Etym: [Turk., fr. Ar. knatt a writing + sherif
noble.]

Defn: A irrevocable Turkish decree countersigned by the sultan.

HATTREE
Hat"tree`, n.

Defn: A hatstand.

HAUBERGEON
Hau*ber"ge*on, n.

Defn: See Habergeon.

HAUBERK
Hau"berk, n. Etym: [OF. hauberc, halberc, F.haubert, OHG. halsberc;
hals neck + bergan to protect, G. bergen; akin to AS. healsbeorg,
Icel. halsbjörg. See Collar, and Bury, v. t.]

Defn: A coat of mail; especially, the long coat of mail of the
European Middle Ages, as contrasted with the habergeon, which is
shorter and sometimes sleeveless. By old writers it is often used
synonymously with habergeon. See Habergeon. [Written variously
hauberg, hauberque, hawberk, etc.] Chaucer.
Helm, nor hawberk's twisted mail. Gray.

HAUERITE
Hau"er*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Von Hauer, of Vienna.] (Min.)

Defn: Native sulphide of manganese a reddish brown or brownish black
mineral.

HAUGH
Haugh, n. Etym: [See Haw a hedge.]

Defn: A low-lying meadow by the side of a river. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
On a haugh or level plain, near to a royal borough. Sir W. Scott.

HAUGHT
Haught, a. Etym: [See Haughty.]

Defn: High; elevated; hence, haughty; proud. [Obs.] Shak.

HAUGHTILY
Haugh"ti*ly, adv. Etym: [From Haughty.]

Defn: In a haughty manner; arrogantly.

HAUGHTINESS
Haugh"ti*ness, n. Etym: [For hauteinness. See Haughty.]

Defn: The quality of being haughty; disdain; arrogance.

Syn.
 -- Arrogance; disdain; contemptuousness; superciliousness;
loftiness.
 -- Haughtiness, Arrogance, Disdain. Haughtiness denotes the
expression of conscious and proud superiority; arrogance is a
disposition to claim for one's self more than is justly due, and
enforce it to the utmost; disdain in the exact reverse of
condescension toward inferiors, since it expresses and desires others
to feel how far below ourselves we consider them. A person is haughty
in disposition and demeanor; arrogant in his claims of homage and
deference; disdainful even in accepting the deference which his
haughtiness leads him arrogantly to exact.

HAUGHTY
Haugh"ty, a. [Compar. Haughtier; superl. Haughtiest.] Etym: [OE.
hautein, F. hautain, fr. haut high, OF. also halt, fr. L. altus. See
Altitude.]

1. High; lofty; bold. [Obs. or Archaic]
To measure the most haughty mountain's height. Spenser.
Equal unto this haughty enterprise. Spenser

2. Disdainfully or contemptuously proud; arrogant; overbearing.
A woman of a haughty and imperious nature. Clarendon.

3. Indicating haughtiness; as, a haughty carriage.
Satan, with vast and haughty strides advanced, Came towering. Milton.

HAUL
Haul, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hauled; p. pr. & vb. n. Hauling.] Etym:
[OE. halen, halien, F. geholian to acquire, get, D. halen to fetch,
pull, draw, OHG. hol, hal, G. holen, Dan. hale to haul, Sw. hala, and
to L. calare to call, summon, Gr. Hale, v. t., Claim. Class, Council,
Ecclesiastic.]

1. To pull or draw with force; to drag.
Some dance, some haul the rope. Denham.
Thither they bent, and hauled their ships to land. Pope.
Romp-loving miss Is hauled about in gallantry robust. Thomson.

2. To transport by drawing, as with horses or oxen; as, to haul logs
to a sawmill.
When I was seven or eight years of age, I began hauling all the wood
used in the house and shops. U. S. Grant.
To haul over the coals. See under Coal.
 -- To haul the wind (Naut.), to turn the head of the ship nearer to
the point from which the wind blows.

HAUL
Haul, v. i.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: To change the direction of a ship by hauling the wind. See
under Haul, v. t.
I . . . hauled up for it, and found it to be an island. Cook.

2. To pull apart, as oxen sometimes do when yoked. To haul around
(Naut.), to shift to any point of the compass; -- said of the wind.
 -- To haul off (Naut.), to sail closer to the wind, in order to get
farther away from anything; hence, to withdraw; to draw back.

HAUL
Haul, n.

1. A pulling with force; a violent pull.

2. A single draught of a net; as, to catch a hundred fish at a haul.

3. That which is caught, taken, or gained at once, as by hauling a
net.

4. Transportation by hauling; the distance through which anything is
hauled, as freight in a railroad car; as, a long haul or short haul.

5. (Rope Making)

Defn: A bundle of about four hundred threads, to be tarred.

HAULABOUT
Haul"a*bout`, n.

Defn: A bargelike vessel with steel hull, large hatchways, and coal
transporters, for coaling war vessels from its own hold or from other
colliers.

HAULAGE
Haul"age, n.

Defn: Act of hauling; as, the haulage of cars by an engine; charge
for hauling.

HAULER
Haul"er, n.

Defn: One who hauls.

HAULM
Haulm (, n. Etym: [OE. halm, AS. healm; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw.
halm, Icel. halmr, L. calamus reed, cane, stalk, Gr. Excel,
Culminate, Culm, Shawm, Calamus.]

Defn: The denuded stems or stalks of such crops as buckwheat and the
cereal grains, beans, etc.; straw.

HAULM
Haulm, n.

Defn: A part of a harness; a hame.

HAULS
Hauls, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Hals.

HAULSE
Haulse, v. [Obs.]

Defn: See Halse.

HAULT
Hault, a. Etym: [OF. hault, F. haut. See Haughty.]

Defn: Lofty; haughty. [Obs.]
Through support of countenance proud and hault. Spenser.

HAUM
Haum, n.

Defn: See Haulm, stalk. Smart.

HAUNCE
Haunce, v. t.

Defn: To enhance. [Obs.] Lydgate.

HAUNCH
Haunch, n. Etym: [F. hanche, of German origin; cf. OD. hancke,
hencke, and also OHG. ancha; prob. not akin to E. ankle.]

1. The hip; the projecting region of the lateral parts of the pelvis
and the hip joint; the hind part.

2. Of meats: The leg and loin taken together; as, a haunch of
venison. Haunch bone. See Innominate bone, under Innominate.
 -- Haunches of an arch (Arch.), the parts on each side of the crown
of an arch. (See Crown, n., 11.) Each haunch may be considered as
from one half to two thirds of the half arch.

HAUNCHED
Haunched, a.

Defn: Having haunches.

HAUNT
Haunt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Haunting.] Etym:
[F. hanter; of uncertain origin, perh. from an assumed LL. ambitare
to go about, fr. L. ambire (see Ambition); or cf. Icel. heimta to
demand, regain, akin to heim home (see Home). sq. root36.]

1. To frequent; to resort to frequently; to visit pertinaciously or
intrusively; to intrude upon.
You wrong me, sir, thus still to haunt my house. Shak.
Those cares that haunt the court and town. Swift.

2. To inhabit or frequent as a specter; to visit as a ghost or
apparition.
Foul spirits haunt my resting place. Fairfax.

3. To practice; to devote one's self to. [Obs.]
That other merchandise that men haunt with fraud . . . is cursed.
Chaucer.
Leave honest pleasure, and haunt no good pastime. Ascham.

4. To accustom; to habituate. [Obs.]
Haunt thyself to pity. Wyclif.

HAUNT
Haunt, v. i.

Defn: To persist in staying or visiting.
I've charged thee not to haunt about my doors. Shak.

HAUNT
Haunt, n.

1. A place to which one frequently resorts; as, drinking saloons are
the haunts of tipplers; a den is the haunt of wild beasts.

Note: In Old English the place occupied by any one as a dwelling or
in his business was called a haunt.

Note: Often used figuratively.
The household nook, The haunt of all affections pure. Keble.
The feeble soul, a haunt of fears. Tennyson.

2. The habit of resorting to a place. [Obs.]
The haunt you have got about the courts. Arbuthnot.

3. Practice; skill. [Obs.]
Of clothmaking she hadde such an haunt. Chaucer.

HAUNTED
Haunt"ed, a.

Defn: Inhabited by, or subject to the visits of, apparitions;
frequented by a ghost.
All houses wherein men have lived and died Are haunted houses.
Longfellow.

HAUNTER
Haunt"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, haunts.

HAURIENT
Hau"ri*ent, a. Etym: [L. hauriens, p. pr. of haurire to breathe.]
(Her.)

Defn: In pale, with the head in chief; -- said of the figure of a
fish, as if rising for air.

HAUSEN
Hau"sen, n. Etym: [G.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large sturgeon (Acipenser huso) from the region of the Black
Sea. It is sometimes twelve feet long.

HAUSSE
Hausse, n. Etym: [F.] (Gun.)

Defn: A kind of graduated breech sight for a small arm, or a cannon.

HAUSTELLATA
Haus`tel*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. haustellum, fr. L. haurire,
haustum, to draw water, to swallow. See Exhaust.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An artificial division of insects, including all those with a
sucking proboscis.

HAUSTELLATE
Haus"tel*late, a. Etym: [See Haustellata.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Provided with a haustellum, or sucking proboscis.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Haustellata.

HAUSTELLUM
Haus*tel"lum, n.; pl. Haustella. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sucking proboscis of various insects. See Lepidoptera, and
Diptera.

HAUSTORIUM
Haus*to"ri*um, n.; pl. Haustoria. Etym: [LL., a well, fr. L. haurire,
haustum, to drink.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the suckerlike rootlets of such plants as the dodder and
ivy. R. Brown.

HAUT
Haut, a. Etym: [F. See Haughty.]

Defn: Haughty. [Obs.] "Nations proud and haut." Milton.

HAUTBOY
Haut"boy, n. Etym: [F. hautbois, lit., high wood; haut high + bois
wood. So called on account of its high tone. See Haughty, Bush; and
cf. Oboe.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A wind instrument, sounded through a reed, and similar in shape
to the clarinet, but with a thinner tone. Now more commonly called
oboe. See Illust. of Oboe.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A sort of strawberry (Fragaria elatior).

HAUTBOYIST
Haut"boy*ist (-îst), n. Etym: [Cf. F. hautboïste.]

Defn: A player on the hautboy.

HAUTEIN
Hau"tein, a. Etym: [See Haughty.]

1. Haughty; proud. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. High; -- said of the voice or flight of birds. [Obs.]

HAUTEUR
Hau`teur", n. Etym: [F., fr. haut high. See Haughty.]

Defn: Haughty manner or spirit; haughtiness; pride; arrogance.

HAUTGOUT
Haut`goût", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: High relish or flavor; high seasoning.

HAUTPAS
Haut`pas", n. Etym: [F. haut high + pas step.]

Defn: A raised part of the floor of a large room; a platform for a
raised table or throne. See Dais.

HAUYNITE
Ha"üy*nite, n. Etym: [From the French mineralogist Haüy.] (Min.)

Defn: A blue isometric mineral, characteristic of some volcani

HAVANA
Ha*van"a, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Havana, the capital of the island of Cuba;
as, an Havana cigar; -- formerly sometimes written Havannah.
 -- n.

Defn: An Havana cigar.
Young Frank Clavering stole his father's Havannahs, and . . . smoked
them in the stable. Thackeray.

HAVANESE
Hav`an*ese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Havana, in Cuba.
 -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or inhabitant, or the people, of Havana.

HAVE
Have, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Had; p. pr. & vb. n. Having. Indic.
present, I have, thou hast, he has; we, ye, they have.] Etym: [OE.
haven, habben, AS. habben (imperf. hæfde, p. p. gehæfd); akin to OS.
hebbian, D. hebben, OFries, hebba, OHG. hab, G. haben, Icel. hafa,
Sw. hafva, Dan. have, Goth. haban, and prob. to L. habere, whence F.
avoir. Cf. Able, Avoirdupois, Binnacle, Habit.]

1. To hold in possession or control; to own; as, he has a farm.

2. To possess, as something which appertains to, is connected with,
or affects, one.
The earth hath bubbles, as the water has. Shak.
He had a fever late. Keats.

3. To accept possession of; to take or accept.
Break thy mind to me in broken English; wilt thou have me Shak.

4. To get possession of; to obtain; to get. Shak.

5. To cause or procure to be; to effect; to exact; to desire; to
require.
It had the church accurately described to me. Sir W. Scott.
Wouldst thou have me turn traitor also Ld. Lytton.

6. To bear, as young; as, she has just had a child.

7. To hold, regard, or esteem.
Of them shall I be had in honor. 2 Sam. vi. 22.

8. To cause or force to go; to take. "The stars have us to bed."
Herbert. "Have out all men from me." 2 Sam. xiii. 9.

9. To take or hold (one's self); to proceed promptly; -- used
reflexively, often with ellipsis of the pronoun; as, to have after
one; to have at one or at a thing, i. e., to aim at one or at a
thing; to attack; to have with a companion. Shak.

10. To be under necessity or obligation; to be compelled; followed by
an infinitive.
Science has, and will long have, to be a divider and a separatist. M.
Arnold.
The laws of philology have to be established by external comparison
and induction. Earle.

11. To understand.
You have me, have you not Shak.

12. To put in an awkward position; to have the advantage of; as, that
is where he had him. [Slang]

Note: Have, as an auxiliary verb, is used with the past participle to
form preterit tenses; as, I have loved; I shall have eaten.
Originally it was used only with the participle of transitive verbs,
and denoted the possession of the object in the state indicated by
the participle; as, I have conquered him, I have or hold him in a
conquered state; but it has long since lost this independent
significance, and is used with the participles both of transitive and
intransitive verbs as a device for expressing past time. Had is used,
especially in poetry, for would have or should have.
Myself for such a face had boldly died. Tennyson.
To have a care, to take care; to be on one's guard.
 -- To have (a man) out, to engage (one) in a duel.
 -- To have done (with). See under Do, v. i.
 -- To have it out, to speak freely; to bring an affair to a
conclusion.
 -- To have on, to wear.
 -- To have to do with. See under Do, v. t.

Syn.
 -- To possess; to own. See Possess.

HAVELESS
Have"less, a.

Defn: Having little or nothing. [Obs.] Gower.

HAVELOCK
Hav"e*lock, n. Etym: [From Havelock, an English general distinguished
in India in the rebellion of 1857.]

Defn: A light cloth covering for the head and neck, used by soldiers
as a protection from sunstroke.

HAVEN
Ha"ven, n. Etym: [AS. hæfene; akin to D. & LG. haven, G. hafen, MNG.
habe, Dan. havn, Icel. höfn, Sw. hamn; akin to E. have, and hence
orig., a holder; or to heave (see Heave); or akin to AS. hæf sea,
Icel. & Sw. haf, Dan. hav, which is perh. akin to E. heave.]

1. A bay, recess, or inlet of the sea, or the mouth of a river, which
affords anchorage and shelter for shipping; a harbor; a port.
What shipping and what lading's in our haven. Shak.
Their haven under the hill. Tennyson.

2. A place of safety; a shelter; an asylum. Shak.
The haven, or the rock of love. Waller.

HAVEN
Ha"ven, v. t.

Defn: To shelter, as in a haven. Keats.

HAVENAGE
Ha"ven*age, n.

Defn: Harbor dues; port dues.

HAVENED
Ha"vened, p. a.

Defn: Sheltered in a haven.
Blissful havened both from joy and pain. Keats.

HAVENER
Ha"ven*er, n.

Defn: A harbor master. [Obs.]

HAVER
Ha"ver, n.

Defn: A possessor; a holder. Shak.

HAVER
Hav"er, n. Etym: [D. haver; akin to G. haber.]

Defn: The oat; oats. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Haver bread, oaten bread.
 -- Haver cake, oaten cake. Piers Plowman.
 -- Haver grass, the wild oat.
 -- Haver meal, oatmeal.

HAVER
Ha"ver, v. i. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: To maunder; to talk foolishly; to chatter. [Scot.] Sir W.
Scott.

HAVERSACK
Hav"er*sack, n. Etym: [F. havresac, G. habersack, sack for oats. See
2d Haver, and Sack a bag.]

1. A bag for oats or oatmeal. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A bag or case, usually of stout cloth, in which a soldier carries
his rations when on a march; -- distinguished from knapsack.

3. A gunner's case or bag used carry cartridges from the ammunition
chest to the piece in loading.

HAVERSIAN
Ha*ver"sian, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or discovered by, Clopton Havers, an English
physician of the seventeenth century. Haversian canals (Anat.), the
small canals through which the blood vessels ramify in bone.

HAVIER
Hav"ier, n. [Formerly haver, prob. fr. Half; cf. L. semimas
emasculated, prop., half male.]

Defn: A castrated deer.

Haviers, or stags which have been gelded when young, have no horns.
Encyc. of Sport.

HAVILDAR
Hav`il*dar", n.

Defn: In the British Indian armies, a noncommissioned officer of
native soldiers, corresponding to a sergeant. Havildar major, a
native sergeant major in the East Indian army.

HAVING
Hav"ing, n.

Defn: Possession; goods; estate.
I 'll lend you something; my having is not much. Shak.

HAVIOR
Hav"ior, n. Etym: [OE. havour, a corruption of OF. aveir, avoir, a
having, of same origin as E. aver a work horse. The h is due to
confusion with E. have.]

Defn: Behavior; demeanor. [Obs.] Shak.

HAVOC
Hav"oc, n. Etym: [W. hafog devastation, havoc; or, if this be itself
fr. E. havoc, cf. OE. havot, or AS. hafoc hawk, which is a cruel or
rapacious bird, or F. hai, voux! a cry to hounds.]

Defn: Wide and general destruction; devastation; waste.
As for Saul, he made havoc of the church. Acts viii. 3.
Ye gods, what havoc does ambition make Among your works! Addison.

HAVOC
Hav"oc, v. t.

Defn: To devastate; to destroy; to lay waste.
To waste and havoc yonder world. Milton.

HAVOC
Hav"oc, interj. Etym: [See Havoc, n.]

Defn: A cry in war as the signal for indiscriminate slaughter. Toone.
Do not cry havoc, where you should but hunt With modest warrant.
Shak.
Cry 'havoc,' and let slip the dogs of war! Shak.

HAW
Haw, n. Etym: [OE. hawe, AS. haga; akin to D. haag headge, G. hag,
hecke, Icel. hagi pasture, Sw. hage, Dan. have garden. Haggard, Ha-
ha, Haugh, Hedge.]

1. A hedge; an inclosed garden or yard.
And eke there was a polecat in his haw. Chaucer.

2. The fruit of the hawthorn. Bacon.

HAW
Haw, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Anat.)

Defn: The third eyelid, or nictitating membrane. See Nictitating
membrane, under Nictitate.

HAW
Haw, n. Etym: [Cf. ha an interjection of wonder, surprise, or
hesitation.]

Defn: An intermission or hesitation of speech, with a sound somewhat
like haw! also, the sound so made. "Hums or haws." Congreve.

HAW
Haw, v. i.

Defn: To stop, in speaking, with a sound like haw; to speak with
interruption and hesitation.
Cut it short; don't prose -- don't hum and haw. Chesterfield.

HAW
Haw, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hawed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hawing.] Etym:
[Written also hoi.] Etym: [Perhaps connected with here, hither; cf.,
however, F. huhau, hue, interj. used in turning a horse to the right,
G. hott, hü, interj. used in calling to a horse.]

Defn: To turn to the near side, or toward the driver; -- said of
cattle or a team: a word used by teamsters in guiding their teams,
and most frequently in the imperative. See Gee. To haw and gee, or To
haw and gee about, to go from one thing to another without good
reason; to have no settled purpose; to be irresolute or unstable.
[Colloq.]

HAW
Haw, v. t.

Defn: To cause to turn, as a team, to the near side, or toward the
driver; as, to haw a team of oxen. To haw and gee, or To haw and gee
about, to lead this way and that at will; to lead by the nose; to
master or control. [Colloq.]

HAWAIIAN
Ha*wai"ian, a.

Defn: Belonging to Hawaii or the Sandwich Islands, or to the people
of Hawaii.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Hawaii.

HAWEBAKE
Hawe"bake`, n.

Defn: Probably, the baked berry of the hawthorn tree, that is, coarse
fare. See 1st Haw, 2. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HAWFINCH
Haw"finch`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common European grosbeak (Coccothraustes vulgaris); --
called also cherry finch, and coble.

HAW-HAW
Haw-haw", n. Etym: [Duplication of haw a hedge.]

Defn: See Ha-ha.

HAWHAW
Haw*haw", v. i. Etym: [Of imitative origin.]

Defn: To laugh boisterously. [Colloq. U. S.]
We haw-haw'd, I tell you, for more than half an hour. Major Jack
Downing.

HAWK
Hawk, n. Etym: [OE. hauk (prob. fr. Icel.), havek, AS. hafoc, heafoc;
akin to D. havik, OHG. habuh, G. habicht, Icel. haukr, Sw. hök, Dan.
hög, prob. from the root of E. heave.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of numerous species and genera of rapacious birds of the
family Falconidæ. They differ from the true falcons in lacking the
prominent tooth and notch of the bill, and in having shorter and less
pointed wings. Many are of large size and grade into the eagles.
Some, as the goshawk, were formerly trained like falcons. In a more
general sense the word is not infrequently applied, also, to true
falcons, as the sparrow hawk, pigeon hawk, duck hawk, and prairie
hawk.

Note: Among the common American species are the red-tailed hawk
(Buteo borealis); the red-shouldered (B. lineatus); the broad-winged
(B. Pennsylvanicus); the rough-legged (Archibuteo lagopus); the
sharp-shinned Accipiter fuscus). See Fishhawk, Goshawk, Marsh hawk,
under Marsh, Night hawk, under Night. Bee hawk (Zoöl.), the honey
buzzard.
 -- Eagle hawk. See under Eagle.
 -- Hawk eagle (Zoöl.), an Asiatic bird of the genus Spizætus, or
Limnætus, intermediate between the hawks and eagles. There are
several species.
 -- Hawk fly (Zoöl.), a voracious fly of the family Asilidæ. See
Hornet fly, under Hornet.
 -- Hawk moth. (Zoöl.) See Hawk moth, in the Vocabulary.
 -- Hawk owl. (Zoöl.) (a) A northern owl (Surnia ulula) of Europe and
America. It flies by day, and in some respects resembles the hawks.
(b) An owl of India (Ninox scutellatus).
 -- Hawk's bill (Horology), the pawl for the rack, in the striking
mechanism of a clock.

HAWK
Hawk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hawked; p. pr. & vb. n. Hawking.]

1. To catch, or attempt to catch, birds by means of hawks trained for
the purpose, and let loose on the prey; to practice falconry.
A falconer Henry is, when Emma hawks. Prior.

2. To make an attack while on the wing; to soar and strike like a
hawk; -- generally with at; as, to hawk at flies. Dryden.
A falcon, towering in her pride of place, Was by a mousing owl hawked
at and killed. Shak.

HAWK
Hawk, v. i. Etym: [W. hochi.]

Defn: To clear the throat with an audible sound by forcing an
expiratory current of air through the narrow passage between the
depressed soft palate and the root of the tongue, thus aiding in the
removal of foreign substances.

HAWK
Hawk, v. t.

Defn: To raise by hawking, as phlegm.

HAWK
Hawk, n. Etym: [W. hoch.]

Defn: An effort to force up phlegm from the throat, accompanied with
noise.

HAWK
Hawk, v. t. Etym: [Akin to D. hauker a hawker, G. höken, höcken, to
higgle, to retail, höke, höker, a higgler, huckster. See Huckster.]

Defn: To offer for sale by outcry in the street; to carry
(merchandise) about from place to place for sale; to peddle; as, to
hawk goods or pamphlets.
His works were hawked in every street. Swift.

HAWK
Hawk, n. (Masonry)

Defn: A small board, with a handle on the under side, to hold mortar.
Hawk boy, an attendant on a plasterer to supply him with mortar.

HAWKBILL
Hawk"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), which yields the best
quality of tortoise shell; -- called also caret.

HAWKBIT
Hawk"bit`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The fall dandelion (Leontodon autumnale).

HAWKED
Hawked, a.

Defn: Curved like a hawk's bill; crooked.

HAWKER
Hawk"er, n.

Defn: One who sells wares by crying them in the street; hence, a
peddler or a packman.

HAWKER
Hawk"er, v. i.

Defn: To sell goods by outcry in the street. [Obs.] Hudibras.

HAWKER
Hawk"er, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. hafecere. See 1st Hawk.]

Defn: A falconer.

HAWKEY
Hawk"ey, n.

Defn: See Hockey. Holloway.

HAWK-EYED
Hawk"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having a keen eye; sharpsighted; discerning.

HAWKEYE STATE
Hawk"eye` State.

Defn: Iowa; -- a nickname of obscure origin.

HAWK MOTH
Hawk" moth`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any moth of the family Sphingidæ, of which there are numerous
genera and species. They are large, handsome moths, which fly mostly
at twilight and hover about flowers like a humming bird, sucking the
honey by means of a long, slender proboscis. The larvæ are large,
hairless caterpillars ornamented with green and other bright colors,
and often with a caudal spine. See Sphinx, also Tobacco worm, and
Tomato worm. Tobacco Hawk Moth (Macrosila Carolina), and its Larva,
the Tobacco Worm.

Note: The larvæ of several species of hawk moths feed on grapevines.
The elm-tree hawk moth is Ceratomia Amyntor.

HAWKWEED
Hawk"weed`, n. (Bot.)
(a) A plant of the genus Hieracium; -- so called from the ancient
belief that birds of prey used its juice to strengthen their vision.
(b) A plant of the genus Senecio (S. hieracifolius). Loudon.

HAWM
Hawm, n.

Defn: See Haulm, straw.

HAWM
Hawm, v. i. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: To lounge; to loiter. [Prov. Eng.] Tennyson.

HAWSE
Hawse, n. Etym: [Orig. a hawse hole, or hole in the ship; cf. Icel.
hals, hals, neck, part of the bows of a ship, AS. heals neck. See
Collar, and cf. Halse to embrace.]

1. A hawse hole. Harris.

2. (Naut.)
(a) The situation of the cables when a vessel is moored with two
anchors, one on the starboard, the other on the port bow.
(b) The distance ahead to which the cables usually extend; as, the
ship has a clear or open hawse, or a foul hawse; to anchor in our
hawse, or athwart hawse.
(c) That part of a vessel's bow in which are the hawse holes for the
cables. Athwart hawse. See under Athwart.
 -- Foul hawse, a hawse in which the cables cross each other, or are
twisted together.
 -- Hawse block, a block used to stop up a hawse hole at sea; --
called also hawse plug.
 -- Hawse hole, a hole in the bow of a ship, through which a cable
passes.
 -- Hawse piece, one of the foremost timbers of a ship, through which
the hawse hole is cut.
 -- Hawse plug. Same as Hawse block (above).
 -- To come in at the hawse holes, to enter the naval service at the
lowest grade. [Cant] -- To freshen the hawse, to veer out a little
more cable and bring the chafe and strain on another part.

HAWSER
Haws"er, n. Etym: [From F. hausser to hausserée towpath, towing, F.
haussière hawser), LL. altiare, fr. L. altus high. See Haughty.]

Defn: A large rope made of three strands each containing many yarns.

Note: Three hawsers twisted together make a cable; but it nautical
usage the distinction between cable and hawser is often one of size
rather than of manufacture. Hawser iron, a calking iron.

HAWSER-LAID
Haws"er-laid`, a.

Defn: Made in the manner of a hawser. Cf. Cable-laid, and see Illust.
of Cordage.

HAWTHORN
Haw"thorn`, n. Etym: [AS. hagaborn, hæg. See Haw a hedge, and Thorn.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A thorny shrub or tree (the Cratægus oxyacantha), having deeply
lobed, shining leaves, small, roselike, fragrant flowers, and a fruit
called haw. It is much used in Europe for hedges, and for standards
in gardens. The American hawthorn is Cratægus cordata, which has the
leaves but little lobed.
Gives not the hawthorn bush a sweeter shade To shepherds Shak.

HAY
Hay, n. Etym: [AS. hege: cf. F. haie, of German origin. See Haw a
hedge, Hedge.]

1. A hedge. [Obs.]

2. A net set around the haunt of an animal, especially of a rabbit.
Rowe. To dance the hay, to dance in a ring. Shak.

HAY
Hay, v. i.

Defn: To lay snares for rabbits. Huloet.

HAY
Hay, n. Etym: [OE. hei, AS. h; akin to D. kooi, OHG. hewi, houwi, G.
heu, Dan. & Sw. hö, Icel. hey, ha, Goth. hawi grass, fr. the root of
E. hew. See Hew to cut. ]

Defn: Grass cut and cured for fodder.
Make hay while the sun shines. Camden.
Hay may be dried too much as well as too little. C. L. Flint.
Hay cap, a canvas covering for a haycock.
 -- Hay fever (Med.), nasal catarrh accompanied with fever, and
sometimes with paroxysms of dyspnoea, to which some persons are
subject in the spring and summer seasons. It has been attributed to
the effluvium from hay, and to the pollen of certain plants. It is
also called hay asthma, hay cold, and rose fever.
 -- Hay knife, a sharp instrument used in cutting hay out of a stack
or mow.
 -- Hay press, a press for baling loose hay.
 -- Hay tea, the juice of hay extracted by boiling, used as food for
cattle, etc.
 -- Hay tedder, a machine for spreading and turning newmown hay. See
Tedder.

HAY
Hay, v. i.

Defn: To cut and cure grass for hay.

HAYBIRD
Hay"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The European spotted flycatcher.
(b) The European blackcap.

HAYBOTE
Hay"bote`, n. Etym: [See Hay hedge, and Bote, and cf. Hedgebote.]
(Eng. Law.)

Defn: An allowance of wood to a tenant for repairing his hedges or
fences; hedgebote. See Bote. Blackstone.

HAYCOCK
Hay"cock`, n.

Defn: A conical pile or hear of hay in the field.
The tanned haycock in the mead. Milton.

HAY-CUTTER
Hay"-cut`ter, n.

Defn: A machine in which hay is chopped short, as fodder for cattle.

HAYFIELD
Hay"field`, n.

Defn: A field where grass for hay has been cut; a meadow. Cowper.

HAYFORK
Hay"fork`, n.

Defn: A fork for pitching and tedding hay. Horse hayfork, a
contrivance for unloading hay from the cart and depositing it in the
loft, or on a mow, by horse power.

HAYLOFT
Hay"loft`, n.

Defn: A loft or scaffold for hay.

HAYMAKER
Hay"mak`er, n.

1. One who cuts and cures hay.

2. A machine for curing hay in rainy weather.

HAYMAKING
Hay"mak`ing, n.

Defn: The operation or work of cutting grass and curing it for hay.

HAYMOW
Hay"mow`, n.

1. A mow or mass of hay laid up in a barn for preservation.

2. The place in a barn where hay is deposited.

HAYRACK
Hay"rack`, n.

Defn: A frame mounted on the running gear of a wagon, and used in
hauling hay, straw, sheaves, etc.; -- called also hay rigging.

HAYRAKE
Hay"rake`, n.

Defn: A rake for collecting hay; especially, a large rake drawn by a
horse or horses.

HAYRICK
Hay"rick, n.

Defn: A heap or pile of hay, usually covered with thatch for
preservation in the open air.

HAYSTACK
Hay"stack`, n.

Defn: A stack or conical pile of hay in the open air.

HAYSTALK
Hay"stalk`, n.

Defn: A stalk of hay.

HAYTHORN
Hay"thorn`, n.

Defn: Hawthorn. R. Scot.

HAYTIAN
Hay"ti*an, a.

Defn: Of pertaining to Hayti.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Hayti. [Written also Haitian.]

HAYWARD
Hay"ward, n. Etym: [Hay a hedge + ward.]

Defn: An officer who is appointed to guard hedges, and to keep cattle
from breaking or cropping them, and whose further duty it is to
impound animals found running at large.

HAZARD
Haz"ard, n. Etym: [F. hazard, Sp. azar an unforeseen disaster or
accident, an unfortunate card or throw at dice, prob. fr. Ar. zahr,
zar, a die, which, with the article al the, would give azzahr,
azzar.]

1. A game of chance played with dice. Chaucer.

2. The uncertain result of throwing a die; hence, a fortuitous event;
chance; accident; casualty.
I will stand the hazard of the die. Shak.

3. Risk; danger; peril; as, he encountered the enemy at the hazard of
his reputation and life.
Men are led on from one stage of life to another in a condition of
the utmost hazard. Rogers

4. (Billiards

Defn: Holing a ball, whether the object ball (winning hazard) or the
player's ball (losing hazard).

5. Anything that is hazarded or risked, as the stakes in gaming.
"Your latter hazard." Shak. Hazard table, a a table on which hazard
is played, or any game of chance for stakes.
 -- To ru, to take the chance or risk.

Syn.
 -- Danger; risk; chance. See Danger.

HAZARD
Haz"ard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hazarded; p. pr. & vb. Hazarding.] Etym:
[Cf. F. hazarder. See Hazard, n.]

1. To expose to the operation of chance; to put in danger of loss or
injury; to venture; to risk.
Men hazard nothing by a course of evangelical obedience. John Clarke.
He hazards his neck to the halter. Fuller.

2. To venture to incur, or bring on.
I hazarded the loss of whom I loved. Shak.
They hazard to cut their feet. Landor.

Syn.
 -- To venture; risk; jeopard; peril; endanger.

HAZARD
Haz"ard, v. i.

Defn: To try the chance; to encounter risk or danger. Shak.

HAZARDABLE
Haz"ard*a*ble, a.

1. Liable to hazard or chance; uncertain; risky. Sir T. Browne.

2. Such as can be hazarded or risked.

HAZARDER
Haz"ard*er, n.

1. A player at the game of hazard; a gamester. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. One who hazards or ventures.

HAZARDIZE
Haz"ard*ize, n.

Defn: A hazardous attempt or situation; hazard. [Obs.]
Herself had run into that hazardize. Spenser.

HAZARDOUS
Haz"ard*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hasardeux.]

Defn: Exposed to hazard; dangerous; risky.
To enterprise so hazardous and high! Milton.

Syn.
 -- Perilous; dangerous; bold; daring; adventurous; venturesome;
precarious; uncertain.
 -- Haz"ard*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Haz"ard*ous*ness, n.

HAZARDRY
Haz"ard*ry, n.

1. Playing at hazard; gaming; gambling. [R.] Chaucer.

2. Rashness; temerity. [R.] Spenser.

HAZE
Haze, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. höss gray; akin to AS. hasu, heasu, gray;
or Armor. aézen, ézen, warm vapor, exhalation, zephyr.]

Defn: Light vapor or smoke in the air which more or less impedes
vision, with little or no dampness; a lack of transparency in the
air; hence, figuratively, obscurity; dimness.
O'er the sky The silvery haze of summer drawn. Tennyson.
Above the world's uncertain haze. Keble.

HAZE
Haze, v. i.

Defn: To be hazy, or tick with haze. Ray.

HAZE
Haze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hazed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hazing.] [Also
haze.] Etym: [Cf. Sw. haza to hamstring, fr. has hough, OD. hæssen
ham.]

1. To harass by exacting unnecessary, disagreeable, or difficult
work.

2. To harass or annoy by playing abusive or shameful tricks upon; to
humiliate by practical jokes; -- used esp. of college students; as,
the sophomores hazed a freshman.

HAZEL
Ha"zel, n. Etym: [OE. hasel, AS. hæsel; akin to D. hazelaar, G.
hazel, OHG. hasal, hasala, Icel. hasl, Dan & Sw. hassel, L. corylus,
for cosylus.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A shrub or small tree of the genus Corylus, as the C. avellana,
bearing a nut containing a kernel of a mild, farinaceous taste; the
filbert. The American species are C. Americana, which produces the
common hazelnut, and C. rostrata. See Filbert. Gray.

2. A miner's name for freestone. Raymond. Hazel earth, soil suitable
for the hazel; a fertile loam.
 -- Hazel grouse (Zoöl.), a European grouse (Bonasa betulina), allied
to the American ruffed grouse.
 -- Hazel hoe, a kind of grub hoe.
 -- Witch hazel. See Witch-hazel, and Hamamelis.

HAZEL
Ha"zel, a.

1. Consisting of hazels, or of the wood of the hazel; pertaining to,
or derived from, the hazel; as, a hazel wand.
I sit me down beside the hazel grove. Keble.

2. Of a light brown color, like the hazelnut. "Thou hast hazel eyes."
Shak.

HAZELESS
Haze"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of haze. Tyndall.

HAZELLY
Ha"zel*ly, a.

Defn: Of the color of the hazelnut; of a light brown. Mortimer.

HAZELNUT
Ha"zel*nut`, n. Etym: [AS. hæselhnutu.]

Defn: The nut of the hazel. Shak.

HAZELWORT
Ha"zel*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The asarabacca.

HAZILY
Ha"zi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a hazy manner; mistily; obscurely; confusedly.

HAZINESS
Ha"zi*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being hazy.

HAZLE
Ha"zle, v. t.

Defn: To make dry; to dry. [Obs.]

HAZY
Ha"zy, a. Etym: [From Haze, n.]

1. Thick with haze; somewhat obscured with haze; not clear or
transparent. "A tender, hazy brightness." Wordsworth.

2. Obscure; confused; not clear; as, a hazy argument; a hazy
intellect. Mrs. Gore.

HE
He, pron. [nom. He; poss. His; obj. Him; pl. nom. They; poss. Their
or Theirs (; obj. Them.] Etym: [AS. h, masc., heó, fem., hit, neut.;
pl. hi, or hie, hig; akin to Ofries. hi, D. hij, OS. he, hi, G. heute
to-day, Goth. himma, dat. masc., this, hina, accus. masc., and hita,
accus. neut., and prob. to L. his this. sq. root183. Cf. It.]

1. The man or male being (or object personified to which the
masculine gender is assigned), previously designated; a pronoun of
the masculine gender, usually referring to a specified subject
already indicated.
Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee. Gen.
iii. 16.
Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God; him shalt thou serve. Deut. x. 20.

2. Any one; the man or person; -- used indefinitely, and usually
followed by a relative pronoun.
He that walketh with wise men shall be wise. Prov. xiii. 20.

3. Man; a male; any male person; -- in this sense used substantively.
Chaucer.
I stand to answer thee, Or any he, the proudest of thy sort. Shak.

Note: When a collective noun or a class is referred to, he is of
common gender. In early English, he referred to a feminine or neuter
noun, or to one in the plural, as well as to noun in the masculine
singular. In composition, he denotes a male animal; as, a he-goat.

-HEAD
-head, suffix.

Defn: A variant of -hood.

HEAD
Head, n. Etym: [OE. hed, heved, heaved, AS. heáfod; akin to D. hoofd,
OHG. houbit, G. haupt, Icel. höfu, Sw. hufvud, Dan. hoved, Goth.
haubip. The word does not corresponds regularly to L. caput head (cf.
E. Chief, Cadet, Capital), and its origin is unknown.]

1. The anterior or superior part of an animal, containing the brain,
or chief ganglia of the nervous system, the mouth, and in the higher
animals, the chief sensory organs; poll; cephalon.

2. The uppermost, foremost, or most important part of an inanimate
object; such a part as may be considered to resemble the head of an
animal; often, also, the larger, thicker, or heavier part or
extremity, in distinction from the smaller or thinner part, or from
the point or edge; as, the head of a cane, a nail, a spear, an ax, a
mast, a sail, a ship; that which covers and closes the top or the end
of a hollow vessel; as, the head of a cask or a steam boiler.

3. The place where the head should go; as, the head of a bed, of a
grave, etc.; the head of a carriage, that is, the hood which covers
the head.

4. The most prominent or important member of any organized body; the
chief; the leader; as, the head of a college, a school, a church, a
state, and the like. "Their princes and heads." Robynson (More's
Utopia).
The heads of the chief sects of philosophy. Tillotson.
Your head I him appoint. Milton.

5. The place or honor, or of command; the most important or foremost
position; the front; as, the head of the table; the head of a column
of soldiers.
An army of fourscore thousand troops, with the duke Marlborough at
the head of them. Addison.

6. Each one among many; an individual; -- often used in a plural
sense; as, a thousand head of cattle.
It there be six millions of people, there are about four acres for
every head. Graunt.

7. The seat of the intellect; the brain; the understanding; the
mental faculties; as, a good head, that is, a good mind; it never
entered his head, it did not occur to him; of his own head, of his
own thought or will.
Men who had lost both head and heart. Macaulay.

8. The source, fountain, spring, or beginning, as of a stream or
river; as, the head of the Nile; hence, the altitude of the source,
or the height of the surface, as of water, above a given place, as
above an orifice at which it issues, and the pressure resulting from
the height or from motion; sometimes also, the quantity in reserve;
as, a mill or reservoir has a good head of water, or ten feet head;
also, that part of a gulf or bay most remote from the outlet or the
sea.

9. A headland; a promontory; as, Gay Head. Shak.

10. A separate part, or topic, of a discourse; a theme to be
expanded; a subdivision; as, the heads of a sermon.

11. Culminating point or crisis; hence, strength; force; height.
Ere foul sin, gathering head, shall break into corruption. Shak.
The indisposition which has long hung upon me, is at last grown to
such a head, that it must quickly make an end of me or of itself.
Addison.

12. Power; armed force.
My lord, my lord, the French have gathered head. Shak.

13. A headdress; a covering of the head; as, a laced head; a head of
hair. Swift.

14. An ear of wheat, barley, or of one of the other small cereals.

15. (Bot.)
(a) A dense cluster of flowers, as in clover, daisies, thistles; a
capitulum.
(b) A dense, compact mass of leaves, as in a cabbage or a lettuce
plant.

16. The antlers of a deer.

17. A rounded mass of foam which rises on a pot of beer or other
effervescing liquor. Mortimer.

18. pl.

Defn: Tiles laid at the eaves of a house. Knight.

Note: Head is often used adjectively or in self-explaining
combinations; as, head gear or headgear, head rest. Cf. Head, a. A
buck of the first head, a male fallow deer in its fifth year, when it
attains its complete set of antlers. Shak.
 -- By the head. (Naut.) See under By.
 -- Elevator head, Feed head, etc. See under Elevator, Feed, etc.
 -- From head to foot, through the whole length of a man; completely;
throughout. "Arm me, audacity, from head to foot." Shak.
 -- Head and ears, with the whole person; deeply; completely; as, he
was head and ears in debt or in trouble. [Colloq.] -- Head fast.
(Naut.) See 5th Fast.
 -- Head kidney (Anat.), the most anterior of the three pairs of
embryonic renal organs developed in most vertebrates -- Head money, a
capitation tax; a poll tax. Milton.
 -- Head pence, a poll tax. [Obs.] -- Head sea, a sea that meets the
head of a vessel or rolls against her course.
 -- Head and shoulders. (a) By force; violently; as, to drag one,
head and shoulders. "They bring in every figure of speech, head and
shoulders." Felton. (b) By the height of the head and shoulders;
hence, by a great degree or space; by far; much; as, he is head and
shoulders above them.
 -- Head or tail, this side or that side; this thing or that; -- a
phrase used in throwing a coin to decide a choice, guestion, or
stake, head being the side of the coin bearing the effigy or
principal figure (or, in case there is no head or face on either
side, that side which has the date on it), and tail the other side.
 -- Neither head nor tail, neither beginning nor end; neither this
thing nor that; nothing distinct or definite; -- a phrase used in
speaking of what is indefinite or confused; as, they made neither
head nor tail of the matter. [Colloq.] -- Head wind, a wind that
blows in a direction opposite the vessel's course.
 -- Out one's own head, according to one's own idea; without advice
or coöperation of another. Over the head of, beyond the comprehension
of. M. Arnold.
 -- To be out of one's head, to be temporarily insane.
 -- To come or draw to a head. See under Come, Draw.
 -- To give (one) the head, or To give head, to let go, or to give
up, control; to free from restraint; to give license. "He gave his
able horse the head." Shak. "He has so long given his unruly passions
their head." South.
 -- To his head, before his face. "An uncivil answer from a son to a
father, from an obliged person to a benefactor, is a greater
indecency than if an enemy should storm his house or revile him to
his head." Jer. Taylor.
 -- To lay heads together, to consult; to conspire.
 -- To lose one's head, to lose presence of mind.
 -- To make head, or To make head against, to resist with success; to
advance.
 -- To show one's head, to appear. Shak.
 -- To turn head, to turn the face or front. "The ravishers turn
head, the fight renews." Dryden.

HEAD
Head, a.

Defn: Principal; chief; leading; first; as, the head master of a
school; the head man of a tribe; a head chorister; a head cook.

HEAD
Head, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Headed; p. pr. & vb. n. Heading.]

1. To be at the head of; to put one's self at the head of; to lead;
to direct; to act as leader to; as, to head an army, an expedition,
or a riot. Dryden.

2. To form a head to; to fit or furnish with a head; as, to head a
nail. Spenser.

3. To behead; to decapitate. [Obs.] Shak.

4. To cut off the top of; to lop off; as, to head trees.

5. To go in front of; to get in the front of, so as to hinder or
stop; to oppose; hence, to check or restrain; as, to head a drove of
cattle; to head a person; the wind heads a ship.

6. To set on the head; as, to head a cask. To head off, to intercept;
to get before; as, an officer heads off a thief who is escaping.
 -- To head up, to close, as a cask or barrel, by fitting a head to.

HEAD
Head, v. i.

1. To originate; to spring; to have its
A broad river, that heads in the great Blue Ridge. Adair.

2. To go or point in a certain direction; to tend; as, how does the
ship head

3. To form a head; as, this kind of cabbage heads early.

HEADACHE
Head"ache`, n.

Defn: Pain in the head; ceph "Headaches and shivering fits."
Macaulay.

HEADACHY
Head"ach`y, a.

Defn: Afflicted with headache. [Colloq.]

HEADBAND
Head"band`, n.

1. A fillet; a band for the head. "The headbands and the tablets."
Is. iii. 20.

2. The band at each end of the back of a book.

HEADBOARD
Head"board`, n.

Defn: A board or boarding which marks or forms the head of anything;
as, the headboard of a bed; the headboard of a grave.

HEADBOROUGH; HEADBORROW
Head"bor*ough, Head"bor*row n.

1. The chief of a frankpledge, tithing, or decennary, consisting of
ten families; -- called also borsholder, boroughhead, boroughholder,
and sometimes tithingman. See Borsholder. [Eng.] Blackstone.

2. (Modern Law)

Defn: A petty constable. [Eng.]

HEAD-CHEESE
Head"-cheese, n.

Defn: A dish made of portions of the head, or head and feet, of
swine, cut up fine, seasoned, and pressed into a cheeselike mass.

HEADDRESS
Head"dress`, n.

1. A covering or ornament for the head; a headtire.
Among birds the males very often appear in a most beautiful
headdress, whether it be a crest, a comb, a tuft of feathers, or a
natural little plume. Addison.

2. A manner of dressing the hair or of adorning it, whether with or
without a veil, ribbons, combs, etc.

HEADED
Head"ed, a.

1. Furnished with a head (commonly as denoting intellectual
faculties); -- used in composition; as, clear-headed, long-headed,
thick-headed; a many-headed monster.

2. Formed into a head; as, a headed cabbage.

HEADER
Head"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, heads nails, rivets, etc., esp. a machine
for heading.

2. One who heads a movement, a party, or a mob; head; chief; leader.
[R.]

3. (Arch.)
(a) A brick or stone laid with its shorter face or head in the
surface of the wall.
(b) In framing, the piece of timber fitted between two trimmers, and
supported by them, and carrying the ends of the tailpieces.

4. A reaper for wheat, that cuts off the heads only.

5. A fall or plunge headforemost, as while riding a bicycle, or in
bathing; as, to take a header. [Colloq.]

HEADFIRST; HEADFOREMOST
Head`first", Head`fore"most`, adv.

Defn: With the head foremost.

HEADFISH
Head`fish", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sunfish (Mola).

HEAD GEAR; HEADGEAR
Head" gear`, or; Head"gear` (, n.

1. Headdress.

2. Apparatus above ground at the mouth of a mine or deep well.

HEAD-HUNTER
Head"-hunt`er, n.

Defn: A member of any tribe or race of savages who have the custom of
decapitating human beings and preserving their heads as trophies. The
Dyaks of Borneo are the most noted head-hunters.
 -- Head"-hunt`ing, n.

HEADILY
Head"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a heady or rash manner; hastily; rashly; obstinately.

HEADINESS
Head"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being heady.

HEADING
Head"ing, n.

1. The act or state of one who, or that which, heads; formation of a
head.

2. That which stands at the head; title; as, the heading of a paper.

3. Material for the heads of casks, barrels, etc.

4. (Mining.)

Defn: A gallery, drift, or adit in a mine; also, the end of a drift
or gallery; the vein above a drift.

5. (sewing)

Defn: The extension of a line ruffling above the line of stitch.

6. (Masonry)

Defn: That end of a stone or brick which is presented outward.
Knight. Heading course (Arch.), a course consisting only of headers.
See Header, n. 3 (a).
 -- Heading joint. (a) (Carp.) A joint, as of two or more boards,
etc., at right angles to the grain of the wood. (b) (Masonry) A joint
between two roussoirs in the same course.

HEADLAND
Head"land, n.

1. A cape; a promontory; a point of land projecting into the sea or
other expanse of water. "Sow the headland with wheat." Shak.

2. A ridge or strip of unplowed at the ends of furrows, or near a
fence. Tusser.

HEADLESS
Head"less, a. Etym: [AS. heáfodleás.]

1. Having no head; beheaded; as, a headless body, neck, or carcass.

2. Destitute of a chief or leader. Sir W. Raleigh.

3. Destitute of understanding or prudence; foolish; rash; obstinate.
[Obs.]
Witless headiness in judging or headless hardiness in condemning.
Spenser.

HEADLIGHT
Head"light`, n. (Engin.)

Defn: A light, with a powerful reflector, placed at the head of a
locomotive, or in front of it, to throw light on the track at night,
or in going through a dark tunnel.

HEADLINE
Head"line`, n.

1. (Print.)

Defn: The line at the head or top of a page.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: See Headrope.

HEADLONG
Head"long`, adv. Etym: [OE. hedling, hevedlynge; prob. confused with
E. long, a. & adv.]

1. With the head foremost; as, to fall headlong. Acts i. 18.

2. Rashly; precipitately; without deliberation.

3. Hastily; without delay or respite.

HEADLONG
Head"long, a.

1. Rash; precipitate; as, headlong folly.

2. Steep; precipitous. [Poetic]
Like a tower upon a headlong rock. Byron.

HEAD-LUGGED
Head"-lugged`, a.

Defn: Lugged or dragged by the head. [R.] "The head-lugged bear."
Shak.

HEADMAN
Head"man`, n.; pl. Headmen. Etym: [AS. heáfodman.]

Defn: A head or leading man, especially of a village community.

HEADMOLD SHOT; HEADMOULD SHOT
Head"mold" shot", Head"mould` shot". (Med.)

Defn: An old name for the condition of the skull, in which the bones
ride, or are shot, over each other at the sutures. Dunglison.

HEADMOST
Head"most`, a.

Defn: Most advanced; most forward; as, the headmost ship in a fleet.

HEADNOTE
Head"note`, n.

Defn: A note at the head of a page or chapter; in law reports, an
abstract of a case, showing the principles involved and the opinion
of the court.

HEADPAN
Head"pan`, n. Etym: [AS. heáfodpanne.]

Defn: The brainpan. [Obs.]

HEADPIECE
Head"piece`, n.

1. Head.
In his headpiece he felt a sore pain. Spenser.

2. A cap of defense; especially, an open one, as distinguished from
the closed helmet of the Middle Ages.

3. Understanding; mental faculty.
Eumenes had the best headpiece of all Alexander's captains. Prideaux.

4. An engraved ornament at the head of a chapter, or of a page.

HEADQUARTERS
Head"quar`ters, n. pl. Etym: [but sometimes used as a n. sing.]

Defn: The quarters or place of residence of any chief officer, as the
general in command of an army, or the head of a police force; the
place from which orders or instructions are issued; hence, the center
of authority or order.
The brain, which is the headquarters, or office, of intelligence.
Collier.

HEADRACE
Head"race`, n.

Defn: See Race, a water course.

HEADROOM
Head"room`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Headway, 2.

HEADROPE
Head"rope`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: That part of a boltrope which is sewed to the upper edge or
head of a sail.

HEADSAIL
Head"sail`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Any sail set forward of the foremast. Totten.

HEADSHAKE
Head`shake`, n.

Defn: A significant shake of the head, commonly as a signal of
denial. Shak.

HEADSHIP
Head"ship, n.

Defn: Authority or dignity; chief place.

HEADSMAN
Heads"man, n; pl. Headsmen (.

Defn: An executioner who cuts off heads. Dryden.

HEADSPRING
Head"spring`, n.

Defn: Fountain; source.
The headspring of our belief. Stapleton.

HEADSTALL
Head"stall`, n.

Defn: That part of a bridle or halter which encompasses the head.
Shak.

HEADSTOCK
Head"stock`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: A part (usually separate from the bed or frame) for supporting
some of the principal working parts of a machine; as:
(a) The part of a lathe that holds the revolving spindle and its
attachments; -- also called poppet head, the opposite corresponding
part being called a tailstock.
(b) The part of a planing machine that supports the cutter, etc.

HEADSTONE
Head"stone`, n.

1. The principal stone in a foundation; the chief or corner stone.
Ps. cxviii. 22.

2. The stone at the head of a grave.

HEADSTRONG
Head"strong`, a.

1. Not easily restrained; ungovernable; obstinate; stubborn.
Not let headstrong boy my will control. Dryden.

2. Directed by ungovernable will, or proceeding from obstinacy.
Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Violent; obstinate; ungovernable; unratable; stubborn; unruly;
venturesome; heady.

HEADSTRONGNESS
Head"strong`ness, n.

Defn: Obstinacy. [R.] Gayton.

HEADTIRE
Head"tire`, n.

1. A headdress. "A headtire of fine linen." 1 Edras iii. 6.

2. The manner of dressing the head, as at a particular time and
place.

HEADWATER
Head"wa`ter, n.

Defn: The source and upper part of a stream; -- commonly used in the
plural; as, the headwaters of the Missouri.

HEADWAY
Head"way`, n.

1. The progress made by a ship in motion; hence, progress or success
of any kind.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Clear space under an arch, girder, and the like, sufficient to
allow of easy passing underneath.

HEADWORK
Head"work`, n.

Defn: Mental labor.

HEADY
Head"y, a. Etym: [From Head.]

1. Willful; rash; precipitate; hurried on by will or passion;
ungovernable.
All the talent required is to be hot, to be heady, -- to be violent
on one side or the other. Sir W. Temple.

2. Apt to affect the head; intoxicating; strong.
The liquor is too heady. Dryden.

3. Violent; impetuous. "A heady currance." Shak.

HEAL
Heal, v. t. Etym: [See Hele.]

Defn: To cover, as a roof, with tiles, slate, lead, or the like.
[Obs.]

HEAL
Heal, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Healed; p. pr. & vb. n. Healing.] Etym:
[OE. helen, hælen, AS. hælan, fr. hal hale, sound, whole; akin to OS.
helian, D. heelen, G. heilen, Goth. hailjan. See Whole.]

1. To make hale, sound, or whole; to cure of a disease, wound, or
other derangement; to restore to soundness or health.
Speak the word only, and my servant shall be healed. Matt. viii. 8.

2. To remove or subdue; to cause to pass away; to cure; -- said of a
disease or a wound.
I will heal their backsliding. Hos. xiv. 4.

3. To restore to original purity or integrity.
Thus saith the Lord, I have healed these waters. 2 Kings ii. 21.

4. To reconcile, as a breach or difference; to make whole; to free
from guilt; as, to heal dissensions.

HEAL
Heal, v. i.

Defn: To grow sound; to return to a sound state; as, the limb heals,
or the wound heals; -- sometimes with up or over; as, it will heal
up, or over.
Those wounds heal ill that men do give themselves. Shak.

HEAL
Heal, n. Etym: [AS. h, h. See Heal, v. t.]

Defn: Health. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HEALABLE
Heal"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being healed.

HEALALL
Heal"all`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A common herb of the Mint family (Brunela vulgaris), destitute
of active properties, but anciently thought a panacea.

HEALD
Heald, n. Etym: [CF. Heddle.]

Defn: A heddle. Ure.

HEALER
Heal"er (hel"er), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, heals.

HEALFUL
Heal"ful, a.

Defn: Tending or serving to heal; healing. [Obs.] Ecclus. xv. 3.

HEALING
Heal"ing, a.

Defn: Tending to cure; soothing; mollifying; as, the healing art; a
healing salve; healing words.
Here healing dews and balms abound. Keble.

HEALINGLY
Heal"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to heal or cure.

HEALTH
Health, n. Etym: [OE. helthe, AS. hhal hale, sound, whole. See
Whole.]

1. The state of being hale, sound, or whole, in body, mind, or soul;
especially, the state of being free from physical disease or pain.
There is no health in us. Book of Common Prayer.
Though health may be enjoyed without gratitude, it can not be sported
with without loss, or regained by courage. Buckminster.

2. A wish of health and happiness, as in pledging a person in a
toast. "Come, love and health to all." Shak. Bill of health. See
under Bill.
 -- Health lift, a machine for exercise, so arranged that a person
lifts an increasing weight, or moves a spring of increasing tension,
in such a manner that most of the muscles of the body are brought
into gradual action; -- also called lifting machine.
 -- Health officer, one charged with the enforcement of the sanitary
laws of a port or other place.
 -- To drink a health. See under Drink.

HEALTHFUL
Health"ful, a.

1. Full of health; free from illness or disease; well; whole; sound;
healthy; as, a healthful body or mind; a healthful plant.

2. Serving to promote health of body or mind; wholesome; salubrious;
salutary; as, a healthful air, diet.
The healthful Spirit of thy grace. Book of Common Prayer.

3. Indicating, characterized by, or resulting from, health or
soundness; as, a healthful condition.
A mind . . . healthful and so well-proportioned. Macaulay.

4. Well-disposed; favorable. [R.]
Gave healthful welcome to their shipwrecked guests. Shak.

HEALTHFULLY
Health"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In health; wholesomely.

HEALTHFULNESS
Health"ful*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being healthful.

HEALTHILY
Health"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a healthy manner.

HEALTHINESS
Health"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being healthy or healthful; freedom from disease.

HEALTHLESS
Health"less, n.

1. Without health, whether of body or mind; in firm. "A healthless or
old age." Jer. Taylor.

2. Not conducive to health; unwholesome. [R.]

HEALTHLESSNESS
Health"less*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being health

HEALTHSOME
Health"some, a.

Defn: Wholesome; salubrious. [R.] "Healthsome air." Shak.

HEALTHWARD
Health"ward, a. & adv.

Defn: In the direction of health; as, a healthward tendency.

HEALTHY
Health"y, a. [Compar. Healthier; superl. Healthiest.]

1. Being in a state of health; enjoying health; hale; sound; free
from disease; as, a healthy chid; a healthy plant.
His mind was now in a firm and healthy state. Macaulay.

2. Evincing health; as, a healthy pulse; a healthy complexion.

3. Conducive to health; wholesome; salubrious; salutary; as, a
healthy exercise; a healthy climate.

Syn.
 -- Vigorous; sound; hale; salubrious; healthful; wholesome;
salutary.

HEAM
Heam, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. cidhamma womb, OD. hamme afterbirth, LG.
hamen.]

Defn: The afterbirth or secundines of a beast.

HEAP
Heap, n. Etym: [OE. heep, heap, heap, multitude, AS. heáp; akin to
OS. h, D. hoop, OHG. houf, h, G. haufe, haufen, Sw. hop, Dan. hob.,
Icel. h troop, flock, Russ. kupa heap, crowd, Lith. kaupas. Cf. Hope,
in Forlorn hope.]

1. A crowd; a throng; a multitude or great number of persons. [Now
Low or Humorous]
The wisdom of a heap of learned men. Chaucer.
A heap of vassals and slaves. Bacon.
He had heaps of friends. W.Black.

2. A great number or large quantity of things not placed in a pile.
[Now Low or Humorous]
A vast heap, both of places of scripture and quotations. Bp. Burnet.
I have noticed a heap of things in my life. R. L. Stevenson.

3. A pile or mass; a collection of things laid in a body, or thrown
together so as to form an elevation; as, a heap of earth or stones.
Huge heaps of slain around the body rise. Dryden.

HEAP
Heap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heaped; p. pr. & vb. n. Heaping.] Etym:
[AS. heápian.]

1. To collect in great quantity; to amass; to lay up; to accumulate;
-- usually with up; as, to heap up treasures.
Though he heap up silver as the dust. Job. xxvii. 16.

2. To throw or lay in a heap; to make a heap of; to pile; as, to heap
stones; -- often with up; as, to heap up earth; or with on; as, to
heap on wood or coal.

3. To form or round into a heap, as in measuring; to fill (a measure)
more than even full.

HEAPER
Heap"er, n.

Defn: One who heaps, piles, or amasses.

HEAPY
Heap"y, a.

Defn: Lying in heaps. Gay.

HEAR
Hear (, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heard; p. pr. & vb. n. Hearing.] Etym:
[OE. heren, AS,. hiéran, hran, hran; akin to OS. h, OFries. hera,
hora, D. hooren, OHG. h, G. hören, Icel. heyra, Sw: höra, Dan. hore,
Goth. hausjan, and perh. to Gr. acoustic. Cf. Hark, Hearken.]

1. To perceive by the ear; to apprehend or take cognizance of by the
ear; as, to hear sounds; to hear a voice; to hear one call.
Lay thine ear close to the ground, and list if thou canst hear the
tread of travelers. Shak.
He had been heard to utter an ominous growl. Macaulay.

2. To give audience or attention to; to listen to; to heed; to accept
the doctrines or advice of; to obey; to examine; to try in a judicial
court; as, to hear a recitation; to hear a class; the case will be
heard to-morrow.

3. To attend, or be present at, as hearer or worshiper; as, to hear a
concert; to hear Mass.

4. To give attention to as a teacher or judge.
Thy matters are good and right, but there is no man deputed of the
king to hear thee. 2 Sam. xv. 3.
I beseech your honor to hear me one single word. Shak.

5. To accede to the demand or wishes of; to listen to and answer
favorably; to favor.
I love the Lord, because he hath heard my voice. Ps. cxvi. 1.
They think that they shall be heard for their much speaking. Matt.
vi. 7.
Hear him. See Remark, under Hear, v. i.
 -- To hear a bird sing, to receive private communication. [Colloq.]
Shak.
 -- To hear say, to hear one say; to learn by common report; to
receive by rumor. [Colloq.]

HEAR
Hear, v. i.

1. To have the sense or faculty of perceiving sound. "The Hearing
ear." Prov. xx. 12.

2. To use the power of perceiving sound; to perceive or apprehend by
the ear; to attend; to listen.
So spake our mother Eve, and Adam heard, Well pleased, but answered
not. Milton.

3. To be informed by oral communication; to be told; to receive
information by report or by letter.
I have heard, sir, of such a man. Shak.
I must hear from thee every day in the hour. Shak.
To hear ill, to be blamed. [Obs.]
Not only within his own camp, but also now at Rome, he heard ill for
his temporizing and slow proceedings. Holland.
-- To hear well, to be praised. [Obs.]

Note: Hear, or Hear him, is often used in the imperative, especially
in the course of a speech in English assemblies, to call attention to
the words of the speaker.
Hear him, . . . a cry indicative, according to the tone, of
admiration, acquiescence, indignation, or derision. Macaulay.

HEARD
Heard,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Hear.

HEARER
Hear"er, n.

Defn: One who hears; an auditor.

HEARING
Hear"ing, n.

1. The act or power of perceiving sound; perception of sound; the
faculty or sense by which sound is perceived; as, my hearing is good.
I have heard of thee by the hearing of the ear. Job xlii. 5.

Note: Hearing in a special sensation, produced by stimEar.

2. Attention to what is delivered; opportunity to be heard; audience;
as, I could not obtain a hearing.

3. A listening to facts and evidence, for the sake of adjudication; a
session of a court for considering proofs and determining issues.
His last offenses to us Shall have judicious hearing. Shak.
Another hearing before some other court. Dryden.

Note: Hearing, as applied to equity cases, means the same thing that
the word trial does at law. Abbot.

4. Extent within which sound may be heard; sound; earshot. "She's not
within hearing." Shak.
They laid him by the pleasant shore, And in the hearing of the wave.
Tennyson.

HEARKEN
Heark"en, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hearkened; p. pr. & vb. n. Hearkening.]
Etym: [OE. hercnen, hercnien, AS. hercnian, heorcnian, fr. hiéran, h,
to hear; akin to OD. harcken, horcken, LG. harken, horken, G.
horchen. See Hear, and cf. Hark..]

1. To listen; to lend the ear; to attend to what is uttered; to give
heed; to hear, in order to obey or comply.
The Furies hearken, and their snakes uncurl. Dryden.
Hearken, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the judgments, which I
teach you. Deut. iv. 1.

2. To inquire; to seek information. [Obs.] "Hearken after their
offense." Shak.

Syn.
 -- To attend; listen; hear; heed. See Attend, v. i.

HEARKEN
Heark"en, v. t.

1. To hear by listening. [Archaic]
[She] hearkened now and then Some little whispering and soft groaning
sound. Spenser.

2. To give heed to; to hear attentively. [Archaic]
The King of Naples . . . hearkens my brother's suit. Shak.
To hearken out, to search out. [Obs.]
If you find none, you must hearken out a vein and buy. B. Johnson.

HEARKENER
Heark"en*er, n.

Defn: One who hearkens; a listener.

HEARSAL
Hear"sal, n.

Defn: Rehearsal. [Obs.] Spenser.

HEARSAY
Hear"say`, n.

Defn: Report; rumor; fame; common talk; something heard from another.
Much of the obloquy that has so long rested on the memory of our
great national poet originated in frivolous hearsays of his life and
conversation. Prof. Wilson.
Hearsay evidence (Law), that species of testimony which consists in a
a narration by one person of matters told him by another. It is, with
a few exceptions, inadmissible as testimony. Abbott.

HEARSE
Hearse, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A hind in the year of its age. [Eng.] Wright.

HEARSE
Hearse, n. Etym: [See Herse.]

1. A framework of wood or metal placed over the coffin or tomb of a
deceased person, and covered with a pall; also, a temporary canopy
bearing wax lights and set up in a church, under which the coffin was
placed during the funeral ceremonies. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss.

2. A grave, coffin, tomb, or sepulchral monument. [Archaic]
"Underneath this marble hearse." B. Johnson.
Beside the hearse a fruitful palm tree grows. Fairfax
Who lies beneath this sculptured hearse. Longfellow.

3. A bier or handbarrow for conveying the dead to the grave. [Obs.]
Set down, set down your honorable load, It honor may be shrouded in a
hearse. Shak.

4. A carriage specially adapted or used for conveying the dead to the
grave.

HEARSE
Hearse, v. t.

Defn: To inclose in a hearse; to entomb. [Obs.] "Would she were
hearsed at my foot." Shak.

HEARSECLOTH
Hearse"cloth`, n.

Defn: A cloth for covering a coffin when on a bier; a pall. Bp.
Sanderson.

HEARSELIKE
Hearse"like", a.

Defn: Suitable to a funeral.
If you listen to David's harp, you shall hear as many hearselike airs
as carols. Bacon.

HEART
Heart, n. Etym: [OE. harte, herte, heorte, AS. heorte; akin to OS.
herta, OFies. hirte, D. hart, OHG. herza, G. herz, Icel. hjarta, Sw.
hjerta, Goth. haírt, Lith. szirdis, Russ. serdtse, Ir. cridhe, L.
cor, Gr. Accord, Discord, Cordial, 4th Core, Courage.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically,
keeps up the circulation of the blood.
Why does my blood thus muster to my heart! Shak.

Note: In adult mammals and birds, the heart is four-chambered, the
right auricle and ventricle being completely separated from the left
auricle and ventricle; and the blood flows from the systematic veins
to the right auricle, thence to the right ventricle, from which it is
forced to the lungs, then returned to the left auricle, thence passes
to the left ventricle, from which it is driven into the systematic
arteries. See Illust. under Aorta. In fishes there are but one
auricle and one ventricle, the blood being pumped from the ventricle
through the gills to the system, and thence returned to the auricle.
In most amphibians and reptiles, the separation of the auricles is
partial or complete, and in reptiles the ventricles also are
separated more or less completely. The so-called lymph hearts, found
in many amphibians, reptiles, and birds, are contractile sacs, which
pump the lymph into the veins.

2. The seat of the affections or sensibilities, collectively or
separately, as love, hate, joy, grief, courage, and the like; rarely,
the seat of the understanding or will; -- usually in a good sense,
when no epithet is expressed; the better or lovelier part of our
nature; the spring of all our actions and purposes; the seat of moral
life and character; the moral affections and character itself; the
individual disposition and character; as, a good, tender, loving,
bad, hard, or selfish heart.
Hearts are dust, hearts' loves remain. Emerson.

3. The nearest the middle or center; the part most hidden and within;
the inmost or most essential part of any body or system; the source
of life and motion in any organization; the chief or vital portion;
the center of activity, or of energetic or efficient action; as, the
heart of a country, of a tree, etc.
Exploits done in the heart of France. Shak.
Peace subsisting at the heart Of endless agitation. Wordsworth.

4. Courage; courageous purpose; spirit.
Eve, recovering heart, replied. Milton.
The expelled nations take heart, and when they fly from one country
invade another. Sir W. Temple.

5. Vigorous and efficient activity; power of fertile production;
condition of the soil, whether good or bad.
That the spent earth may gather heart again. Dryden.

6. That which resembles a heart in shape; especially, a roundish or
oval figure or object having an obtuse point at one end, and at the
other a corresponding indentation, -- used as a symbol or
representative of the heart.

7. One of a series of playing cards, distinguished by the figure or
figures of a heart; as, hearts are trumps.

8. Vital part; secret meaning; real intention.
And then show you the heart of my message. Shak.

9. A term of affectionate or kindly and familiar address. "I speak to
thee, my heart." Shak.

Note: Heart is used in many compounds, the most of which need no
special explanation; as, heart-appalling, heart-breaking, heart-
cheering, heart-chilled, heart-expanding, heart-free, heart-hardened,
heart-heavy, heart-purifying, heart-searching, heart-sickening,
heart-sinking, heart-stirring, heart-touching, heart-wearing, heart-
whole, heart-wounding, heart-wringing, etc. After one's own heart,
conforming with one's inmost approval and desire; as, a friend after
my own heart.
The Lord hath sought him a man after his own heart. 1 Sam. xiii. 14.
-- At heart, in the inmost character or disposition; at bottom;
really; as, he is at heart a good man.
 -- By heart, in the closest or most thorough manner; as, to know or
learn by heart. "Composing songs, for fools to get by heart" (that
is, to commit to memory, or to learn thoroughly). Pope.
 -- For my heart, for my life; if my life were at stake. [Obs.] "I
could not get him for my heart to do it." Shak.
 -- Heart bond (Masonry), a bond in which no header stone stretches
across the wall, but two headers meet in the middle, and their joint
is covered by another stone laid header fashion. Knight.
 -- Heart and hand, with enthusiastic coöperation.
 -- Heart hardness, hardness of heart; callousness of feeling; moral
insensibility. Shak.
 -- Heart heaviness, depression of spirits. Shak.
 -- Heart point (Her.), the fess point. See Escutcheon.
 -- Heart rising, a rising of the heart, as in opposition.
 -- Heart shell (Zoöl.), any marine, bivalve shell of the genus
Cardium and allied genera, having a heart-shaped shell; esp., the
European Isocardia cor; -- called also heart cockle.
 -- Heart sickness, extreme depression of spirits.
 -- Heart and soul, with the utmost earnestness.
 -- Heart urchin (Zoöl.), any heartshaped, spatangoid sea urchin. See
Spatangoid.
 -- Heart wheel, a form of cam, shaped like a heart. See Cam.
 -- In good heart, in good courage; in good hope.
 -- Out of heart, discouraged.
 -- Poor heart, an exclamation of pity.
 -- To break the heart of. (a) To bring to despair or hopeless grief;
to cause to be utterly cast down by sorrow. (b) To bring almost to
completion; to finish very nearly; -- said of anything undertaken;
as, he has broken the heart of the task.
 -- To find in the heart, to be willing or disposed. "I could find in
my heart to ask your pardon." Sir P. Sidney.
 -- To have at heart, to desire (anything) earnestly.
 -- To have in the heart, to purpose; to design or intend to do.
 -- To have the heart in the mouth, to be much frightened.
 -- To lose heart, to become discouraged.
 -- To lose one's heart, to fall in love.
 -- To set the heart at rest, to put one's self at ease.
 -- To set the heart upon, to fix the desires on; to long for
earnestly; to be very fond of.
 -- To take heart of grace, to take courage.
 -- To take to heart, to grieve over.
 -- To wear one's heart upon one's sleeve, to expose one's feelings
or intentions; to be frank or impulsive.
 -- With all one's whole heart, very earnestly; fully; completely;
devotedly.

HEART
Heart, v. t.

Defn: To give heart to; to hearten; to encourage; to inspirit. [Obs.]
My cause is hearted; thine hath no less reason. Shak.

HEART
Heart, v. i.

Defn: To form a compact center or heart; as, a hearting cabbage.

HEARTACHE
Heart"ache`, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. heortece.]

Defn: Sorrow; anguish of mind; mental pang. Shak.

HEARTBREAK
Heart"break`, n.

Defn: Crushing sorrow or grief; a yielding to such grief. Shak.

HEARTBREAKING
Heart"break`ing, a.

Defn: Causing overpowering sorrow.

HEARTBROKEN
Heart"bro`ken, a.

Defn: Overcome by crushing sorrow; deeply grieved.

HEARTBURN
Heart"burn`, n. (Med.)

Defn: An uneasy, burning sensation in the stomach, often attended
with an inclination to vomit. It is sometimes idiopathic, but is
often a symptom of often complaints.

HEARTBURNED
Heart"burned`, a.

Defn: Having heartburn. Shak.

HEARTBURNING
Heart"burn`ing, a.

Defn: Causing discontent.

HEARTBURNING
Heart"burn`ing, n.

1. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Heartburn.

2. Discontent; secret enmity. Swift.
The transaction did not fail to leave heartburnings. Palfrey.

HEARTDEAR
Heart"dear`, a.

Defn: Sincerely beloved. [R.] Shak.

HEARTDEEP
Heart"deep`, a.

Defn: Rooted in the heart. Herbert.

HEART-EATING
Heart"-eat`ing, a.

Defn: Preying on the heart.

HEARTED
Heart"ed, a.

1. Having a heart; having (such) a heart (regarded as the seat of the
affections, disposition, or character).

2. Shaped like a heart; cordate. [R.] Landor.

3. Seated or laid up in the heart.
I hate the Moor: my cause is hearted. Shak.

Note: This word is chiefly used in composition; as, hard-hearted,
faint-hearted, kind-hearted, lion-hearted, stout-hearted, etc. Hence
the nouns hard-heartedness, faint-heartedness, etc.

HEARTEDNESS
Heart"ed*ness, n.

Defn: Earnestness; sincerity; heartiness. [R.] Clarendon.

Note: See also the Note under Hearted. The analysis of the compounds
gives hard-hearted + -ness, rather than hard + heartedness, etc.

HEARTEN
Heart"en, v. t. Etym: [From Heart.]

1. To encourage; to animate; to incite or stimulate the courage of;
to embolden.
Hearten those that fight in your defense. Shak.

2. To restore fertility or strength to, as to land.

HEARTENER
Heart"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, heartens, animates, or stirs up. W.
Browne.

HEARTFELT
Heart"felt`, a.

Defn: Hearty; sincere.

HEARTGRIEF
Heart"grief`, n.

Defn: Heartache; sorrow. Milton.

HEARTH
Hearth, n. Etym: [OE. harthe, herth, herthe, AS. heor; akin to D.
haard, heerd, Sw. härd, G. herd; cf. Goth. haúri a coal, Icel. hyrr
embers, and L. cremare to burn.]

1. The pavement or floor of brick, stone, or metal in a chimney, on
which a fire is made; the floor of a fireplace; also, a corresponding
part of a stove.
There was a fire on the hearth burning before him. Jer. xxxvi. 22.
Where fires thou find'st unraked and hearths unswept. There pinch the
maids as blue as bilberry. Shak.

2. The house itself, as the abode of comfort to its inmates and of
hospitality to strangers; fireside.

3. (Metal. & Manuf.)

Defn: The floor of a furnace, on which the material to be heated
lies, or the lowest part of a melting furnace, into which the melted
material settles. Hearth ends (Metal.), fragments of lead ore ejected
from the furnace by the blast.
 -- Hearth money, Hearth penny Etym: [AS. heoredhpening], a tax
formerly laid in England on hearths, each hearth (in all houses
paying the church and poor rates) being taxed at two shillings; --
called also chimney money, etc.
He had been importuned by the common people to relieve them from the
. . . burden of the hearth money. Macaulay.

HEARTHSTONE
Hearth"stone`, n.

Defn: Stone forming the hearth; hence, the fireside; home.
Chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave
to every living heart and hearthstone. A. Lincoln.

HEARTILY
Heart"i*ly, adv. Etym: [From Hearty.]

1. From the heart; with all the heart; with sincerity.
I heartily forgive them. Shak.

2. With zeal; actively; vigorously; willingly; cordially; as, he
heartily assisted the prince. To eat heartily, to eat freely and with
relish. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Sincerely; cordially; zealously; vigorously; actively; warmly;
eagerly; ardently; earnestly.

HEARTINESS
Heart"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being hearty; as, the heartiness of a greeting.

HEARTLESS
Heart"less, a.

1. Without a heart.
You have left me heartess; mine is in your bosom. J. Webster.

2. Destitute of courage; spiritless; despodent.
Heartless they fought, and quitted soon their ground. Dryden.
Heartless and melancholy. W. Irwing.

3. Destitute of feeling or affection; unsympathetic; cruel. "The
heartless parasites." Byron.
 -- Heart"less*ly, adv.
 -- Heart"less*ness, n.

HEARTLET
Heart"let, n..

Defn: A little heart.

HEARTLINGS
Heart"lings, interj.

Defn: An exclamation used in addressing a familiar acquaintance.
[Obs.] Shak.

HEARTPEA
Heart"pea`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Heartseed.

HEARTQUAKE
Heart"quake`, n.

Defn: Trembling of the heart; trepidation; fear.
In many an hour of danger and heartquake. Hawthorne.

HEARTRENDING
Heart"rend`ing, a.

Defn: Causing intense grief; overpowering with anguish; very
distressing.

HEART-ROBBING
Heart"-rob`bing, a.

1. Depriving of thought; ecstatic. "Heart-robbing gladness." Spenser.

2. Stealing the heart or affections; winning.

HEART'S-EASE
Heart's"-ease`, n.

1. Ease of heart; peace or tranquillity of mind or feeling. Shak.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of violet (Viola tricolor); -- called also pansy.

HEARTSEED
Heart"seed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A climbing plant of the genus Cardiospermum, having round seeds
which are marked with a spot like a heart. Loudon.

HEARTSHAPED
Heart"shaped` (, a.

Defn: Having the shape of a heart; cordate.

HEARTSICK
Heart"sick`, a. Etym: [AS. heoriseóc.]

Defn: Sick at heart; extremely depressed in spirits; very despondent.

HEARTSOME
Heart"some, a.

Defn: Merry; cheerful; lively. [Scot.]

HEART-SPOON
Heart"-spoon`, n.

Defn: A part of the breastbone. [Obs.]
He feeleth through the herte-spon the pricke. Chaucer.

HEARTSTRICKEN
Heart"strick`en, a.

Defn: Shocked; dismayed.

HEARTSTRIKE
Heart"strike`, v. t.

Defn: To affect at heart; to shock. [R.] "The seek to heartstrike
us." B. Jonson.

HEARTSTRING
Heart"string`, n.

Defn: A nerve or tendon, supposed to brace and sustain the heart.
Shak.
Sobbing, as if a hearstring broke. Moore.

HEARTSTRUCK
Heart"struck`, a.

1. Driven to the heart; infixed in the mind. "His heartstruck
injuries." Shak.

2. Shocked with pain, fear, or remorse; dismayed; heartstricken.
Milton.

HEARTSWELLING
Heart"swell`ing, a.

Defn: Rankling in, or swelling, the heart. "Heartswelling hate."
Spenser.

HEART-WHOLE
Heart"-whole`, a. Etym: [See Whole.]

1. Having the heart or affections free; not in love. Shak.

2. With unbroken courage; undismayed.

3. Of a single and sincere heart.
If he keeps heart-whole towards his Master. Bunyan.

HEARTWOOD
Heart"wood`, n.

Defn: The hard, central part of the trunk of a tree, consisting of
the old and matured wood, and usually differing in color from the
outer layers. It is technically known as duramen, and distinguished
from the softer sapwood or alburnum.

HEART-WOUNDED
Heart"-wound`ed, a.

Defn: Wounded to the heart with love or grief. Pope.

HEARTY
Heart"y, a. [Compar. Heartier; superl. Heartiest.]

1. Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the heart; warm; cordial; bold;
zealous; sincere; willing; also, energetic; active; eager; as, a
hearty welcome; hearty in supporting the government.
Full of hearty tears For our good father's loss. Marston.

2. Exhibiting strength; sound; healthy; firm; not weak; as, a hearty
timber.

3. Promoting strength; nourishing; rich; abundant; as, hearty food; a
hearty meal.

Syn.
 -- Sincere; real; unfeigned; undissembled; cordial; earnest; warm;
zealous; ardent; eager; active; vigorous.
 -- Hearty, Cordial, Sincere. Hearty implies honesty and simplicity
of feelings and manners; cordial refers to the warmth and liveliness
with which the feelings are expressed; sincere implies that this
expression corresponds to the real sentiments of the heart. A man
should be hearty in his attachment to his friends, cordial in his
reception of them to his house, and sincere in his offers to assist
them.

HEARTY
Heart"y, n.; pl. Hearties (.

Defn: Comrade; boon companion; good fellow; -- a term of familiar
address and fellowship among sailors. Dickens.

HEARTYHALE
Heart"y*hale`, a.

Defn: Good for the heart. [Obs.]

HEAT
Heat, n. Etym: [OE. hete, hæte, AS. h, h, fr. hat hot; akin to OHG.
heizi heat, Dan. hede, Sw. hetta. See Hot.]

1. A force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but
especially in the phenomena of fusion and evaporation, and which, as
manifested in fire, the sun's rays, mechanical action, chemical
combination, etc., becomes directly known to us through the sense of
feeling. In its nature heat is a mode if motion, being in general a
form of molecular disturbance or vibration. It was formerly supposed
to be a subtile, imponderable fluid, to which was given the name
caloric.

Note: As affecting the human body, heat produces different
sensations, which are called by different names, as heat or sensible
heat, warmth, cold, etc., according to its degree or amount
relatively to the normal temperature of the body.

2. The sensation caused by the force or influence of heat when
excessive, or above that which is normal to the human body; the
bodily feeling experienced on exposure to fire, the sun's rays, etc.;
the reverse of cold.

3. High temperature, as distinguished from low temperature, or cold;
as, the heat of summer and the cold of winter; heat of the skin or
body in fever, etc.
Else how had the world . . . Avoided pinching cold and scorching
heat! Milton.

4. Indication of high temperature; appearance, condition, or color of
a body, as indicating its temperature; redness; high color; flush;
degree of temperature to which something is heated, as indicated by
appearance, condition, or otherwise.
It has raised . . . heats in their faces. Addison.
The heats smiths take of their iron are a blood-red heat, a white-
flame heat, and a sparking or welding heat. Moxon.

5. A single complete operation of heating, as at a forge or in a
furnace; as, to make a horseshoe in a certain number of heats.

6. A violent action unintermitted; a single effort; a single course
in a race that consists of two or more courses; as, he won two heats
out of three.
Many causes . . . for refreshment betwixt the heats. Dryden.
[He] struck off at one heat the matchless tale of "Tam o'Shanter." J.
C. Shairp.

7. Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; as, the heat of battle or party.
"The heat of their division." Shak.

8. Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement; exasperation. "The
head and hurry of his rage." South.

9. Animation, as in discourse; ardor; fervency.
With all the strength and heat of eloquence. Addison.

10. Sexual excitement in animals.

11. Fermentation. Animal heat, Blood heat, Capacity for heat, etc.
See under Animal, Blood, etc.
 -- Atomic heat (Chem.), the product obtained by multiplying the
atomic weight of any element by its specific heat. The atomic heat of
all solid elements is nearly a constant, the mean value being 6.4.
 -- Dynamical theory of heat, that theory of heat which assumes it to
be, not a peculiar kind of matter, but a peculiar motion of the
ultimate particles of matter. Heat engine, any apparatus by which a
heated substance, as a heated fluid, is made to perform work by
giving motion to mechanism, as a hot-air engine, or a steam engine.
 -- Heat producers. (Physiol.) See under Food.
 -- Heat rays, a term formerly applied to the rays near the red end
of the spectrum, whether within or beyond the visible spectrum.
 -- Heat weight (Mech.), the product of any quantity of heat by the
mechanical equivalent of heat divided by the absolute temperature; --
called also thermodynamic function, and entropy.
 -- Mechanical equivalent of heat. See under Equivalent.
 -- Specific heat of a substance (at any temperature), the number of
units of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of the
substance at that temperature one degree.
 -- Unit of heat, the quantity of heat required to raise, by one
degree, the temperature of a unit mass of water, initially at a
certain standard temperature. The temperature usually employed is
that of 0º Centigrade, or 32º Fahrenheit.

HEAT
Heat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heated; p. pr. & vb. n. Heating.] Etym:
[OE. heten, AS. h, fr. hat hot. See Hot.]

1. To make hot; to communicate heat to, or cause to grow warm; as, to
heat an oven or furnace, an iron, or the like.
Heat me these irons hot. Shak.

2. To excite or make hot by action or emotion; to make feverish.
Pray, walk softly; do not heat your blood. Shak.

3. To excite ardor in; to rouse to action; to excite to excess; to
inflame, as the passions.
A noble emulation heats your breast. Dryden.

HEAT
Heat, v. i.

1. To grow warm or not by the action of fire or friction, etc., or
the communication of heat; as, the iron or the water heats slow.

2. To grow warm or hot by fermentation, or the development of heat by
chemical action; as, green hay heats in a mow, and manure in the
dunghill.

HEAT
Heat, Etym: imp. & p. p. of Heat.

Defn: Heated; as, the iron though heat red-hot. [Obs. or Archaic.]
Shak.

HEATER
Heat"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, heats.

2. Any contrivance or implement, as a furnace, stove, or other heated
body or vessel, etc., used to impart heat to something, or to contain
something to be heated. Feed heater. See under Feed.

HEATH
Heath, n. Etym: [OE. heth waste land, the plant heath, AS. h; akin to
D. & G. heide, Icel. hei waste land, Dan. hede, Sw. hed, Goth. haipi
field, L. bucetum a cow pasture; cf. W. coed a wood, Skr. ksh field.
sq. root20.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) A low shrub (Erica, or Calluna, vulgaris), with minute evergreen
leaves, and handsome clusters of pink flowers. It is used in Great
Britain for brooms, thatch, beds for the poor, and for heating ovens.
It is also called heather, and ling.
(b) Also, any species of the genus Erica, of which several are
European, and many more are South African, some of great beauty. See
Illust. of Heather.

2. A place overgrown with heath; any cheerless tract of country
overgrown with shrubs or coarse herbage.
Their stately growth, though bare, Stands on the blasted heath.
Milton
Heath cock (Zoöl.), the blackcock. See Heath grouse (below).
 -- Heath grass (Bot.), a kind of perennial grass, of the genus
Triodia (T. decumbens), growing on dry heaths.
 -- Heath grouse, or Heath game (Zoöl.), a European grouse (Tetrao
tetrix), which inhabits heats; -- called also black game, black
grouse, heath poult, heath fowl, moor fowl. The male is called, heath
cock, and blackcock; the female, heath hen, and gray hen.
 -- Heath hen. (Zoöl.) See Heath grouse (above).
 -- Heath pea (bot.), a species of bitter vetch (Lathyris
macrorhizus), the tubers of which are eaten, and in Scotland are used
to flavor whisky.
 -- Heath throstle (Zoöl.), a European thrush which frequents heaths;
the ring ouzel.

HEATHCLAD
Heath"clad`, a.

Defn: Clad or crowned with heath.

HEATHEN
Hea"then, n.; pl. Heathens or collectively Heathen. Etym: [OE.
hethen, AS. h, prop. an adj. fr. h heath, and orig., therefore, one
who lives in the country or on the heaths and in the woods (cf.
pagan, fr. pagus village); akin to OS. h, adj., D. heiden a heathen,
G. heide, OHG. heidan, Icel. hei, adj., Sw. heden, Goth. haipn, n.
fem. See Heath, and cf. Hoiden.]

1. An individual of the pagan or unbelieving nations, or those which
worship idols and do not acknowledge the true God; a pagan; an
idolater.

2. An irreligious person.
If it is no more than a moral discourse, he may preach it and they
may hear it, and yet both continue unconverted heathens. V. Knox.
The heathen, as the term is used in the Scriptures, all people except
the Jews; now used of all people except Christians, Jews, and
Mohammedans.
Ask of me, and I shall give thee the heathen for thine inheritance.
Ps. ii. 8.

Syn.
 -- Pagan; gentile. See Pagan.

HEATHEN
Hea"then, a.

1. Gentile; pagan; as, a heathen author. "The heathen philosopher."
"All in gold, like heathen gods." Shak.

2. Barbarous; unenlightened; heathenish.

3. Irreligious; scoffing.

HEATHENDOM
Hea"then*dom, n. Etym: [AS. hæedhendom.]

1. That part of the world where heathenism prevails; the heathen
nations, considered collectively.

2. Heathenism. C. Kingsley.

HEATHENESSE
Hea"then*esse, n. Etym: [AS. hæedhennes, i. e., heathenness.]

Defn: Heathendom. [Obs.] Chaucer. Sir W. Scott.

HEATHENISH
Hea"then*ish, a. Etym: [AS. hæedhenisc.]

1. Of or pertaining to the heathen; resembling or characteristic of
heathens. "Worse than heathenish crimes." Milton.

2. Rude; uncivilized; savage; cruel. South.

3. Irreligious; as, a heathenish way of living.

HEATHENISHLY
Hea"then*ish"ly, adv.

Defn: In a heathenish manner.

HEATHENISHNESS
Hea"then*ish*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being heathenish. "The . . .
heathenishness and profaneness of most playbooks." Prynne.

HEATHENISM
Hea"then*ism, n.

1. The religious system or rites of a heathen nation; idolatry;
paganism.

2. The manners or morals usually prevalent in a heathen country;
ignorance; rudeness; barbarism.

HEATHENIZE
Hea"then*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heathenized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Heathenizing.]

Defn: To render heathen or heathenish. Firmin.

HEATHENNESS
Hea"then*ness, n. Etym: [Cf. Heathenesse.]

Defn: State of being heathen or like the heathen.

HEATHENRY
Hea"then*ry, n.

1. The state, quality, or character of the heathen.
Your heathenry and your laziness. C. Kingsley.

2. Heathendom; heathen nations.

HEATHER
Heath"er (; 277. This is the only pronunciation in Scotland), n.
Etym: [See Heath.]

Defn: Heath. [Scot.]
Gorse and grass And heather, where his footsteps pass, The brighter
seem. Longfellow.
Heather bell (Bot.), one of the pretty subglobose flowers of two
European kinds of heather (Erica Tetralix, and E. cinerea).

HEATHERY
Heath"er*y, a.

Defn: Heathy; abounding in heather; of the nature of heath.

HEATHY
Heath"y, a.

Defn: Full of heath; abounding with heath; as, heathy land; heathy
hills. Sir W. Scott.

HEATING
Heat"ing, a.

Defn: That heats or imparts heat; promoting warmth or heat; exciting
action; stimulating; as, heating medicines or applications. Heating
surface (Steam Boilers), the aggregate surface exposed to fire or to
the heated products of combustion, esp. of all the plates or sheets
that are exposed to water on their opposite surfaces; -- called also
fire surface.

HEATINGLY
Heat"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a heating manner; so as to make or become hot or heated.

HEATLESS
Heat"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of heat; cold. Beau. & Fl.

HEAVE
Heave, v. t. [imp. Heaved, or Hove (; p. p. Heaved, Hove, formerly
Hoven (; p. pr. & vb. n. Heaving.] Etym: [OE. heven, hebben, As.
hebban; akin to OS. hebbian, D. heffen, OHG. heffan, hevan, G. heven,
Icel. häfva, Dan. hæve, Goth. hafjan, L. capere to take, seize; cf.
Gr. Accept, Behoof, Capacious, Forceps, haft, Receipt.]

1. To cause to move upward or onward by a lifting effort; to lift; to
raise; to hoist; -- often with up; as, the wave heaved the boat on
land.
One heaved ahigh, to be hurled down below. Shak.

Note: Heave, as now used, implies that the thing raised is heavy or
hard to move; but formerly it was used in a less restricted sense.
Here a little child I stand, Heaving up my either hand. Herrick.

2. To throw; to cast; -- obsolete, provincial, or colloquial, except
in certain nautical phrases; as, to heave the lead; to heave the log.

3. To force from, or into, any position; to cause to move; also, to
throw off; -- mostly used in certain nautical phrases; as, to heave
the ship ahead.

4. To raise or force from the breast; to utter with effort; as, to
heave a sigh.
The wretched animal heaved forth such groans. Shak.

5. To cause to swell or rise, as the breast or bosom.
The glittering, finny swarms That heave our friths, and crowd upon
our shores. Thomson.
To heave a cable short (Naut.), to haul in cable till the ship is
almost perpendicularly above the anchor.
 -- To heave a ship ahead (Naut.), to warp her ahead when not under
sail, as by means of cables.
 -- To heave a ship down (Naut.), to throw or lay her down on one
side; to careen her.
 -- To heave a ship to (Naut.), to bring the ship's head to the wind,
and stop her motion.
 -- To heave about (Naut.), to put about suddenly.
 -- To heave in (Naut.), to shorten (cable).
 -- To heave in stays (Naut.), to put a vessel on the other tack.
 -- To heave out a sail (Naut.), to unfurl it.
 -- To heave taut (Naut.), to turn a capstan, etc., till the rope
becomes strained. See Taut, and Tight.
 -- To heave the lead (Naut.), to take soundings with lead and line.
 -- To heave the log. (Naut.) See Log.
 -- To heave up anchor (Naut.), to raise it from the bottom of the
sea or elsewhere.

HEAVE
Heave, v. i.

1. To be thrown up or raised; to rise upward, as a tower or mound.
And the huge columns heave into the sky. Pope.
Where heaves the turf in many a moldering heap. Gray.
The heaving sods of Bunker Hill. E. Everett.

2. To rise and fall with alternate motions, as the lungs in heavy
breathing, as waves in a heavy sea, as ships on the billows, as the
earth when broken up by frost, etc.; to swell; to dilate; to expand;
to distend; hence, to labor; to struggle.
Frequent for breath his panting bosom heaves. Prior.
The heaving plain of ocean. Byron.

3. To make an effort to raise, throw, or move anything; to strain to
do something difficult.
The Church of England had struggled and heaved at a reformation ever
since Wyclif's days. Atterbury.

4. To make an effort to vomit; to retch; to vomit. To heave at. (a)
To make an effort at. (b) To attack, to oppose. [Obs.] Fuller.
 -- To heave in sight (as a ship at sea), to come in sight; to
appear.
 -- To heave up, to vomit. [Low]

HEAVE
Heave, n.

1. An effort to raise something, as a weight, or one's self, or to
move something heavy.
After many strains and heaves He got up to his saddle eaves.
Hudibras.

2. An upward motion; a rising; a swell or distention, as of the
breast in difficult breathing, of the waves, of the earth in an
earthquake, and the like.
There's matter in these sighs, these profound heaves, You must
translate. Shak.
None could guess whether the next heave of the earthquake would
settle . . . or swallow them. Dryden.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: A horizontal dislocation in a metallic lode, taking place at an
intersection with another lode.

HEAVEN
Heav"en, n. Etym: [OE. heven, hefen, heofen, AS. heofon; akin to OS.
hevan, LG. heben, heven, Icel. hifinn; of uncertain origin, cf. D.
hemel, G. himmel, Icel. himmin, Goth. himins; perh. akin to, or
influenced by, the root of E. heave, or from a root signifying to
cover, cf. Goth. gaham to put on, clothe one's self, G. hemd shirt,
and perh. E. chemise.]

1. The expanse of space surrounding the earth; esp., that which seems
to be over the earth like a great arch or dome; the firmament; the
sky; the place where the sun, moon, and stars appear; -- often used
in the plural in this sense.
I never saw the heavens so dim by day. Shak.
When my eyes shall be turned to behold for the last time the sun in
heaven. D. Webster.

2. The dwelling place of the Deity; the abode of bliss; the place or
state of the blessed after death.
Unto the God of love, high heaven's King. Spenser.
It is a knell That summons thee to heaven or to hell. Shak.
New thoughts of God, new hopes of Heaven. Keble.

Note: In this general sense heaven and its corresponding words in
other languages have as various definite interpretations as there are
phases of religious belief.

3. The sovereign of heaven; God; also, the assembly of the blessed,
collectively; -- used variously in this sense, as in No. 2.
Her prayers, whom Heaven delights to hear. Shak.
The will And high permission of all-ruling Heaven. Milton.

4. Any place of supreme happiness or great comfort; perfect felicity;
bliss; a sublime or exalted condition; as, a heaven of delight. "A
heaven of beauty." Shak. "The brightest heaven of invention." Shak.
O bed! bed! delicious bed! That heaven upon earth to the weary head!
Hood.

Note: Heaven is very often used, esp. with participles, in forming
compound words, most of which need no special explanation; as,
heaven-appeasing, heaven-aspiring, heaven-begot, heaven-born, heaven-
bred, heaven-conducted, heaven-descended, heaven-directed, heaven-
exalted, heaven-given, heaven-guided, heaven-inflicted, heaven-
inspired, heaven-instructed, heaven-kissing, heaven-loved, heaven-
moving, heaven-protected, heaven-taught, heaven-warring, and the
like.

HEAVEN
Heav"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heavened; p. pr. & vb. n. Heavening.]

Defn: To place in happiness or bliss, as if in heaven; to beatify.
[R.]
We are happy as the bird whose nest Is heavened in the hush of purple
hills. G. Massey.

HEAVENIZE
Heav"en*ize, v. t.

Defn: To render like heaven or fit for heaven. [R.] Bp. Hall.

HEAVENLINESS
Heav"en*li*ness, n. Etym: [From Heavenly.]

Defn: The state or quality of being heavenly. Sir J. Davies.

HEAVENLY
Heav"en*ly, a. Etym: [AS. heofonic.]

1. Pertaining to, resembling, or inhabiting heaven; celestial; not
earthly; as, heavenly regions; heavenly music.
As is the heavenly, such are they also that are heavenly. 1 Cor. xv.
48.

2. Appropriate to heaven in character or happiness; perfect; pure;
supremely blessed; as, a heavenly race; the heavenly, throng.
The love of heaven makes one heavenly. Sir P. Sidney.

HEAVENLY
Heav"en*ly, adv.

1. In a manner resembling that of heaven. "She was heavenly true."
Shak.

2. By the influence or agency of heaven.
Out heavenly guided soul shall climb. Milton.

HEAVENLYMINDED; HEAVENLY-MINDED
Heav"en*ly*mind`ed, Heav"en*ly-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having the thoughts and affections placed on, or suitable for,
heaven and heavenly objects; devout; godly; pious. Milner.
 -- Heav"en*ly*mind`ed*ness, n.

HEAVENWARD
Heav"en*ward, a & adv.

Defn: Toward heaven.

HEAVE OFFERING
Heave" of`fer*ing. (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: An offering or oblation heaved up or elevated before the altar,
as the shoulder of the peace offering. See Wave offering. Ex. xxix.
27.

HEAVER
Heav"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, heaves or lifts; a laborer employed on
docks in handling freight; as, a coal heaver.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A bar used as a lever. Totten.

HEAVES
Heaves, n.

Defn: A disease of horses, characterized by difficult breathing, with
heaving of the flank, wheezing, flatulency, and a peculiar cough;
broken wind.

HEAVILY
Heav"i*ly, adv. Etym: [From 2d Heavy.]

1. In a heavy manner; with great weight; as, to bear heavily on a
thing; to be heavily loaded.
Heavily interested in those schemes of emigration. The Century.

2. As if burdened with a great weight; slowly and laboriously; with
difficulty; hence, in a slow, difficult, or suffering manner;
sorrowfully.
And took off their chariot wheels, that they drave them heavily. Ex.
xiv. 25.
Why looks your grace so heavily to-day Shak.

HEAVILY-TRAVELED; HEAVILY TRAVELED
heavily-traveled, heavily traveled adj.

Defn: subject to much traffic or travel; as, the region's most
heavily traveled highways.
Syn. -- heavily traveled.
[WordNet 1.5]

HEAVINESS
Heav"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being heavy in its various senses;
weight; sadness; sluggishness; oppression; thickness.

HEAVING
Heav"ing, n.

Defn: A lifting or rising; a swell; a panting or deep sighing.
Addison. Shak.

HEAVISOME
Heav"i*some, a.

Defn: Heavy; dull. [Prov.]

HEAVY
Heav"y, a.

Defn: Having the heaves.

HEAVY
Heav"y, a. [Compar. Heavier; superl. Heaviest.] Etym: [OE. hevi, AS.
hefig, fr. hebban to lift, heave; akin to OHG. hebig, hevig, Icel.
höfigr, höfugr. See Heave.]

1. Heaved or lifted with labor; not light; weighty; ponderous; as, a
heavy stone; hence, sometimes, large in extent, quantity, or effects;
as, a heavy fall of rain or snow; a heavy failure; heavy business
transactions, etc.; often implying strength; as, a heavy barrier;
also, difficult to move; as, a heavy draught.

2. Not easy to bear; burdensome; oppressive; hard to endure or
accomplish; hence, grievous, afflictive; as, heavy yokes, expenses,
undertakings, trials, news, etc.
The hand of the Lord was heavy upon them of Ashdod. 1 Sam. v. 6.
The king himself hath a heavy reckoning to make. Shak.
Sent hither to impart the heavy news. Wordsworth.
Trust him not in matter of heavy consequence. Shak.

3. Laden with that which is weighty; encumbered; burdened; bowed
down, either with an actual burden, or with care, grief, pain,
disappointment.
The heavy [sorrowing] nobles all in council were. Chapman.
A light wife doth make a heavy husband. Shak.

4. Slow; sluggish; inactive; or lifeless, dull, inanimate, stupid;
as, a heavy gait, looks, manners, style, and the like; a heavy writer
or book.
Whilst the heavy plowman snores. Shak.
Of a heavy, dull, degenerate mind. Dryden.
Neither [is] his ear heavy, that it can not hear. Is. lix. 1.

5. Strong; violent; forcible; as, a heavy sea, storm, cannonade, and
the like.

6. Loud; deep; -- said of sound; as, heavy thunder.
But, hark! that heavy sound breaks in once more. Byron.

7. Dark with clouds, or ready to rain; gloomy; -- said of the sky.

8. Impeding motion; cloggy; clayey; -- said of earth; as, a heavy
road, soil, and the like.

9. Not raised or made light; as, heavy bread.

10. Not agreeable to, or suitable for, the stomach; not easily
digested; -- said of food.

11. Having much body or strength; -- said of wines, or other liquors.

12. With child; pregnant. [R.] Heavy artillery. (Mil.) (a) Guns of
great weight or large caliber, esp. siege, garrison, and seacoast
guns. (b) Troops which serve heavy guns.
 -- Heavy cavalry. See under Cavalry.
 -- Heavy fire (Mil.), a continuous or destructive cannonading, or
discharge of small arms.
 -- Heavy metal (Mil.), large guns carrying balls of a large size;
also, large balls for such guns.
 -- Heavy metals. (Chem.) See under Metal.
 -- Heavy weight, in wrestling, boxing, etc., a term applied to the
heaviest of the classes into which contestants are divided. Cf.
Feather weight (c), under Feather.

Note: Heavy is used in composition to form many words which need no
special explanation; as, heavy-built, heavy-browed, heavy-gaited,
etc.

HEAVY
Heav"y

Defn: , adv. Heavily; -- sometimes used in composition; as, heavy-
laden.

HEAVY
Heav"y, v. t.

Defn: To make heavy. [Obs.] Wyclif.

HEAVY-ARMED
Heav"y-armed`, a. (Mil.)

Defn: Wearing heavy or complete armor; carrying heavy arms.

HEAVY-HADED
Heav"y-had"ed, a.

Defn: Clumsy; awkward.

HEAVY-HEADED
Heav"y-head"ed, a.

Defn: Dull; stupid. "Gross heavy-headed fellows." Beau. & Fl.

HEAVY SPAR
Heav"y spar`. (Min.)

Defn: Native barium sulphate or barite, -- so called because of its
high specific gravity as compared with other non-metallic minerals.

HEBDOMAD
Heb"do*mad, n. Etym: [L. hebdomas, -adis, Gr. "ebdoma`s the number
seven days, fr. Seven.]

Defn: A week; a period of seven days. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

HEBDOMADAL; HEBDOMADARY
Heb*dom"a*dal, Heb*dom"a*da*ry, a. Etym: [L. hebdomadalis, LL.
hebdomadarius: cf. F. hebdomadaire.]

Defn: Consisting of seven days, or occurring at intervals of seven
days; weekly.

HEBDOMADALLY
Heb*dom"a*dal*ly, adv.

Defn: In periods of seven days; weekly. Lowell.

HEBDOMADARY
Heb*dom"a*da*ry, n. Etym: [LL. hebdomadarius: cf. F. hebdomadier.]
(R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A member of a chapter or convent, whose week it is to officiate
in the choir, and perform other services, which, on extraordinary
occasions, are performed by the superiors.

HEBDOMATICAL
Heb`do*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. hebdomaticus, Gr.

Defn: Weekly; hebdomadal. [Obs.]

HEBE
He"be, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. "h`bh youth, "H`bh Hebe.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The goddess of youth, daughter of Jupiter and Juno. She was
believed to have the power of restoring youth and beauty to those who
had lost them.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African ape; the hamadryas.

HEBEN
Heb"en, n.

Defn: Ebony. [Obs.] Spenser.

HEBENON
Heb"e*non, n.

Defn: See Henbane. [Obs.] Shak.

HEBETATE
Heb"e*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hebetated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hebetating.] Etym: [L. hebetatus, p. p. of hebetare to dull. See
Hebete.]

Defn: To render obtuse; to dull; to blunt; to stupefy; as, to
hebetate the intellectual faculties. Southey

HEBETATE
Heb"e*tate, a.

1. Obtuse; dull.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a dull or blunt and soft point. Gray.

HEBETATION
Heb`e*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. hebetatio: cf. F. hébétation.]

1. The act of making blunt, dull, or stupid.

2. The state of being blunted or dulled.

HEBETE
He*bete", a. Etym: [L. hebes, hebetis, dull, stupid, fr. hebere to be
dull.]

Defn: Dull; stupid. [Obs.]

HEBETUDE
Heb"e*tude, n. Etym: [L. hebetudo.]

Defn: Dullness; stupidity. Harvey.

HEBRAIC
He"bra"ic, a. Etym: [L. Hebraicus, Gr. hebraïque. See Hebrew.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Hebrews, or to the language of the
Hebrews.

HEBRAICALLY
He*bra"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: After the manner of the Hebrews or of the Hebrew language.

HEBRAISM
He"bra*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hébraïsme.]

1. A Hebrew idiom or custom; a peculiar expression or manner of
speaking in the Hebrew language. Addison.

2. The type of character of the Hebrews.
The governing idea of Hebraism is strictness of conscience. M.
Arnold.

HEBRAIST
He"bra*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hébraïste.]

Defn: One versed in the Hebrew language and learning.

HEBRAISTIC
He`bra*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the Hebrew language or idiom.

HEBRAISTICALLY
He`bra*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a Hebraistic sense or form.
Which is Hebraistically used in the New Testament. Kitto.

HEBRAIZE
He"bra*ize, v. t. Etym: [Gr. hébraïser.]

Defn: To convert into the Hebrew idiom; to make Hebrew or Hebraistic.
J. R. Smith.

HEBRAIZE
He"bra*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hebraized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hebraizing.]

Defn: To speak Hebrew, or to conform to the Hebrew idiom, or to
Hebrew customs.

HEBREW
He"brew, n. Etym: [F. Hébreu, L. Hebraeus, Gr. 'ibhri.]

1. An appellative of Abraham or of one of his descendants, esp. in
the line of Jacob; an Israelite; a Jew.
There came one that had escaped and told Abram the Hebrew. Gen. xiv.
13.

2. The language of the Hebrews; -- one of the Semitic family of
languages.

HEBREW
He"brew, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Hebrews; as, the Hebrew language or
rites.

HEBREW CALENDAR
Hebrew calendar.

Defn: = Jewish calendar.

HEBREWESS
He"brew*ess, n.

Defn: An Israelitish woman.

HEBRICIAN
He*bri"cian, n.

Defn: A Hebraist. [R.]

HEBRIDEAN; HEBRIDIAN
He*brid"e*an, He*brid"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the islands called Hebrides, west of
Scotland.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of the Hebrides.

HECATOMB
Hec"a*tomb, n. Etym: [L. hecatombe, Gr. hécatombe.] (Antiq.)

Defn: A sacrifice of a hundred oxen or cattle at the same time;
hence, the sacrifice or slaughter of any large number of victims.
Slaughtered hecatombs around them bleed. Addison.
More than a human hecatomb. Byron.

HECATOMPEDON
Hec`a*tom"pe*don, n. Etym: [Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: A name given to the old Parthenon at Athens, because measuring
100 Greek feet, probably in the width across the stylobate.

HECDECANE
Hec"de*cane, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, semisolid, spermaceti-like hydrocarbon, C16H34, of the
paraffin series, found dissolved as an important ingredient of
kerosene, and so called because each molecule has sixteen atoms of
carbon; -- called also hexadecane.

HECK
Heck, n. Etym: [See Hatch a half door.] [Written also hack.]

1. The bolt or latch of a door. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A rack for cattle to feed at. [Prov. Eng.]

3. A door, especially one partly of latticework; -- called also heck
door. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

4. A latticework contrivance for catching fish.

5. (Weaving)

Defn: An apparatus for separating the threads of warps into sets, as
they are wound upon the reel from the bobbins, in a warping machine.

6. A bend or winding of a stream. [Prov. Eng.] Half heck, the lower
half of a door.
 -- Heck board, the loose board at the bottom or back of a cart.
 -- Heck box or frame, that which carries the heck in warping.

HECKERISM
Heck"er*ism, n. (R. C. Ch.)
 (a) The teaching of Isaac Thomas Hecker (1819-88), which interprets
Catholicism as promoting human aspirations after liberty and truth,
and as the religion best suited to the character and institutions of
the American people. (b) Improperly, certain views or principles
erroneously ascribed to Father Hecker in a French translation of
Elliott's Life of Hecker. They were condemned as "Americanism" by the
Pope, in a letter to Cardinal Gibbons, January 22, 1899.

HECKIMAL
Heck"i*mal, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European blue titmouse (Parus coeruleus). [Written also
heckimel, hackeymal, hackmall, hagmall, and hickmall.]

HECKLE
Hec"kle, n. & v. t.

Defn: Same as Hackle.

HECTARE
Hec"tare`, n. Etym: [F., fr. Gr. are an are.]

Defn: A measure of area, or superficies, containing a hundred ares,
or 10,000 square meters, and equivalent to 2.471 acres.

HECTIC
Hec"tic, a. Etym: [F. hectique, Gr. sah to overpower, endure; cf. AS.
sige, sigor, victory, G. sieg, Goth. sigis. Cf. Scheme.]

1. Habitual; constitutional; pertaining especially to slow waste of
animal tissue, as in consumption; as, a hectic type in disease; a
hectic flush.

2. In a hectic condition; having hectic fever; consumptive; as, a
hectic patient. Hectic fever (Med.), a fever of irritation and
debility, occurring usually at a advanced stage of exhausting
disease, as a in pulmonary consumption.

HECTIC
Hec"tic, n.

1. (Med.)

Defn: Hectic fever.

2. A hectic flush.
It is no living hue, but a strange hectic. Byron.

HECTOCOTYLIZED
Hec`to*cot"y*lized, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Changed into a hectocotylus; having a hectocotylis.

HECTOCOTYLUS
Hec`to*cot"y*lus, n.; pl. Hectocotyli. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the arms of the male of most kinds of cephalopods, which
is specially modified in various ways to effect the fertilization of
the eggs. In a special sense, the greatly modified arm of Argonauta
and allied genera, which, after receiving the spermatophores, becomes
detached from the male, and attaches itself to the female for
reproductive purposes.

HECTOGRAM
Hec"to*gram, n. Etym: [F. hectogramme, fr. Gr. gramme a gram.]

Defn: A measure of weight, containing a hundred grams, or about 3.527
ounces avoirdupois.

HECTOGRAMME
Hec"to*gramme, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The same as Hectogram.

HECTOGRAPH
Hec"to*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: A contrivance for multiple copying, by means of a surface of
gelatin softened with glycerin. [Written also hectograph.]

HECTOLITER; HECTOLITRE
Hec"to*li`ter, Hec"to*li`tre, n. Etym: [F. hectolitre, fr. Gr. litre
a liter.]

Defn: A measure of liquids, containing a hundred liters; equal to a
tenth of a cubic meter, nearly 26

HECTOMETER; HECTOMETRE
Hec"to*me`ter, Hec"to*me`tre, n. Etym: [F. hectomètre, fr. Gr. mètre
a meter.]

Defn: A measure of length, equal to a hundred meters. It is
equivalent to 328.09 feet.

HECTOR
Hec"tor, n. Etym: [From the Trojan warrior Hector, the son of Priam.]

Defn: A bully; a blustering, turbulent, insolent, fellow; one who
vexes or provokes.

HECTOR
Hec"tor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hectored; p. pr. & vb. n. Hectoring.]

Defn: To treat with insolence; to threaten; to bully; hence, to
torment by words; to tease; to taunt; to worry or irritate by
bullying. Dryden.

HECTOR
Hec"tor, v. i.

Defn: To play the bully; to bluster; to be turbulent or insolent.
Swift.

HECTORISM
Hec"to*rism, n.

Defn: The disposition or the practice of a hector; a bullying. [R.]

HECTORLY
Hec"tor*ly, a.

Defn: Resembling a hector; blustering; insolent; taunting. "Hectorly,
ruffianlike swaggering or huffing." Barrow.

HECTOSTERE
Hec"to*stere, n. Etym: [F. hectostère; Gr. stère.]

Defn: A measure of solidity, containing one hundred cubic meters, and
equivalent to 3531.66 English or 3531.05 United States cubic feet.

HEDDLE
Hed"dle, n.; pl. Heddles. Etym: [Cf. Heald.] (Weaving)

Defn: One of the sets of parallel doubled threads which, with
mounting, compose the harness employed to guide the warp threads to
the lathe or batten in a loom.

HEDDLE
Hed"dle, v. t.

Defn: To draw (the warp thread) through the heddle-eyes, in weaving.

HEDDLE-EYE
Hed"dle-eye`, n. (Weaving)

Defn: The eye or loop formed in each heddle to receive a warp thread.

HEDDLING
Hed"dling, vb. n.

Defn: The act of drawing the warp threads through the heddle-eyes of
a weaver's harness; the harness itself. Knight.

HEDERACEOUS
Hed`er*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. hederaceus, fr. hedera ivy.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, ivy.

HEDERAL
Hed"er*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ivy.

HEDERIC
He*der"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the ivy (Hedera); as, hederic
acid, an acid of the acetylene series.

HEDERIFEROUS
Hed`er*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. hedera ivy + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing ivy; ivy-bearing.

HEDEROSE
Hed"er*ose`, a. Etym: [L. hederosus, fr. hedera ivy.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or of, ivy; full of ivy.

HEDGE
Hedge, n. Etym: [OE. hegge, AS. hecg; akin to haga an inclosure, E.
haw, AS. hege hedge, E. haybote, D. hegge, OHG. hegga, G. hecke. sq.
root12. See Haw a hedge.]

Defn: A thicket of bushes, usually thorn bushes; especially, such a
thicket planted as a fence between any two portions of land; and also
any sort of shrubbery, as evergreens, planted in a line or as a
fence; particularly, such a thicket planted round a field to fence
it, or in rows to separate the parts of a garden.
The roughest berry on the rudest hedge. Shak.
Through the verdant maze Of sweetbrier hedges I pursue my walk.
Thomson.

Note: Hedge, when used adjectively or in composition, often means
rustic, outlandish, illiterate, poor, or mean; as, hedge priest;
hedgeborn, etc. Hedge bells, Hedge bindweed (Bot.), a climbing plant
related to the morning-glory (Convolvulus sepium).
 -- Hedge bill, a long-handled billhook.
 -- Hedge garlic (Bot.), a plant of the genus Alliaria. See Garlic
mustard, under Garlic.
 -- Hedge hyssop (Bot.), a bitter herb of the genus Gratiola, the
leaves of which are emetic and purgative.
 -- Hedge marriage, a secret or clandestine marriage, especially one
performed by a hedge priest. [Eng.] -- Hedge mustard (Bot.), a plant
of the genus Sisymbrium, belonging to the Mustard family.
 -- Hedge nettle (Bot.), an herb, or under shrub, of the genus
Stachys, belonging to the Mint family. It has a nettlelike
appearance, though quite harmless.
 -- Hedge note. (a) The note of a hedge bird. (b) Low, contemptible
writing. [Obs.] Dryden.
 -- Hedge priest, a poor, illiterate priest. Shak.
 -- Hedge school, an open-air school in the shelter of a hedge, in
Ireland; a school for rustics.
 -- Hedge sparrow (Zoöl.), a European warbler (Accentor modularis)
which frequents hedges. Its color is reddish brown, and ash; the wing
coverts are tipped with white. Called also chanter, hedge warbler,
dunnock, and doney.
 -- Hedge writer, an insignificant writer, or a writer of low,
scurrilous stuff. [Obs.] Swift.
 -- To breast up a hedge. See under Breast.
 -- To hang in the hedge, to be at a standstill. "While the business
of money hangs in the hedge." Pepys.

HEDGE
Hedge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hedged; p. pr. & vb. n. Hedging.]

1. To inclose or separate with a hedge; to fence with a thickly set
line or thicket of shrubs or small trees; as, to hedge a field or
garden.

2. To obstruct, as a road, with a barrier; to hinder from progress or
success; -- sometimes with up and out.
I will hedge up thy way with thorns. Hos. ii. 6.
Lollius Urbius . . . drew another wall . . . to hedge out incursions
from the north. Milton.

3. To surround for defense; to guard; to protect; to hem (in).
"England, hedged in with the main." Shak.

4. To surround so as to prevent escape.
That is a law to hedge in the cuckoo. Locke.
To hedge a bet, to bet upon both sides; that is, after having bet on
one side, to bet also on the other, thus guarding against loss.

HEDGE
Hedge, v. i.

1. To shelter one's self from danger, risk, duty, responsibility,
etc., as if by hiding in or behind a hedge; to skulk; to slink; to
shirk obligations.
I myself sometimes, leaving the fear of God on the left hand and
hiding mine honor in my necessity, am fain to shuffle, to hedge and
to lurch. Shak.

2. (Betting)

Defn: To reduce the risk of a wager by making a bet against the side
or chance one has bet on.

3. To use reservations and qualifications in one's speech so as to
avoid committing one's self to anything definite.
The Heroic Stanzas read much more like an elaborate attempt to hedge
between the parties than . . . to gain favor from the Roundheads.
Saintsbury.

HEDGEBORN
Hedge"born`, a.

Defn: Born under a hedge; of low birth. Shak.

HEDGEBOTE
Hedge"bote`, n. (Eng. Law)

Defn: Same as Haybote.

HEDGEHOG
Hedge"hog`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European insectivore (Erinaceus Europæus), and other
allied species of Asia and Africa, having the hair on the upper part
of its body mixed with prickles or spines. It is able to roll itself
into a ball so as to present the spines outwardly in every direction.
It is nocturnal in its habits, feeding chiefly upon insects.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Canadian porcupine.[U.S]

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Medicago (M. intertexta), the pods of which are
armed with short spines; -- popularly so called. Loudon.

4. A form of dredging machine. Knight. Hedgehog caterpillar (Zoöl.),
the hairy larvæ of several species of bombycid moths, as of the
Isabella moth. It curls up like a hedgehog when disturbed. See Woolly
bear, and Isabella moth.
 -- Hedgehog fish (Zoöl.), any spinose plectognath fish, esp. of the
genus Diodon; the porcupine fish.
 -- Hedgehog grass (Bot.), a grass with spiny involucres, growing on
sandy shores; burgrass (Cenchrus tribuloides).
 -- Hedgehog rat (Zoöl.), one of several West Indian rodents, allied
to the porcupines, but with ratlike tails, and few quills, or only
stiff bristles. The hedgehog rats belong to Capromys, Plagiodon, and
allied genera.
 -- Hedgehog shell (Zoöl.), any spinose, marine, univalve shell of
the genus Murex.
 -- Hedgehog thistle (Bot.), a plant of the Cactus family, globular
in form, and covered with spines (Echinocactus).
 -- Sea hedgehog. See Diodon.

HEDGELESS
Hedge"less, a.

Defn: Having no hedge.

HEDGEPIG
Hedge"pig`, n.

Defn: A young hedgehog. Shak.

HEDGER
Hedg"er, n.

Defn: One who makes or mends hedges; also, one who hedges, as, in
betting.

HEDGEROW
Hedge"row`, n.

Defn: A row of shrubs, or trees, planted for inclosure or separation
of fields.
By hedgerow elms and hillocks green. Milton.

HEDGING BILL
Hedg"ing bill`.

Defn: A hedge bill. See under Hedge.

HEDONIC
He*don"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Pertaining to pleasure.

2. Of or relating to Hedonism or the Hedonic sect.

HEDONICS
He*don"ics, n. (Philos.)

Defn: That branch of moral philosophy which treats of the relation of
duty to pleasure; the science of practical, positive enjoyment or
pleasure. J. Grote.

HEDONISM
Hed"on*ism, n.

1. The doctrine of the Hedonic sect.

2. The ethical theory which finds the explanation and authority of
duty in its tendency to give pleasure.

HEDONIST
Hed"on*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in hedonism.

HEDONISTIC
Hed`o*nis"tic, a.

Defn: Same as Hedonic, 2.

HEED
Heed, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Heeding.] Etym:
[OE. heden, AS. h; akin to OS. hdian, D. hoeden, Fries. hoda, OHG.
huoten, G. hüten, Dan. hytte.Hood.]

Defn: To mind; to regard with care; to take notice of; to attend to;
to observe.
With pleasure Argus the musician heeds. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To notice; regard; mind. See Attend, v. t.

HEED
Heed, v. i.

Defn: To mind; to consider.

HEED
Heed, n.

1. Attention; notice; observation; regard; -- often with give or
take.
With wanton heed and giddy cunning. Milton.
Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand. 2 Sam. xx.
10.
Birds give more heed and mark words more than beasts. Bacon.

2. Careful consideration; obedient regard.
Therefore we ought to give the more earnest heed to the things which
we have heard. Heb. ii. 1.

3. A look or expression of heading. [R.]
He did it with a serious mind; a heed Was in his countenance. Shak.

HEEDFUL
Heed"ful, a.

Defn: Full of heed; regarding with care; cautious; circumspect;
attentive; vigilant. Shak.
 -- Heed"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Heed"ful*ness, n.

HEEDLESS
Heed"less, a.

Defn: Without heed or care; inattentive; careless; thoughtless;
unobservant.
O, negligent and heedless discipline! Shak.
The heedless lover does not know Whose eyes they are that wound him
so. Waller.
-- Heed"less*ly, adv.
 -- Heed"less*ness, n.

HEEDY
Heed"y, a.

Defn: Heedful. [Obs.] "Heedy shepherds." Spenser.
 -- Heed"i*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Heed"i*ness, n. [Obs.] Spenser.

HEEL
Heel, v. i. Etym: [OE. helden to lean, incline, AS. heldan, hyldan;
akin to Icel. halla, Dan. helde, Sw. hälla to tilt, pour, and perh.
to E. hill.] (Naut.)

Defn: To lean or tip to one side, as a ship; as, the ship heels
aport; the boat heeled over when the squall struck it. Heeling error
(Naut.), a deviation of the compass caused by the heeling of an iron
vessel to one side or the other.

HEEL
Heel, n. Etym: [OE. hele, heele, AS. hela, perh. for hohila, fr. AS.
heh heel (cf. Hough); but cf. D. hiel, OFries. heila, h, Icel. hæll,
Dan. hæl, Sw. häl, and L. calx. sq. root12. Cf. Inculcate.]

1. The hinder part of the foot; sometimes, the whole foot; -- in man
or quadrupeds.
He [the stag] calls to mind his strength and then his speed, His
winged heels and then his armed head. Denham.

2. The hinder part of any covering for the foot, as of a shoe, sock,
etc.; specif., a solid part projecting downward from the hinder part
of the sole of a boot or shoe.

3. The latter or remaining part of anything; the closing or
concluding part. "The heel of a hunt." A. Trollope. "The heel of the
white loaf." Sir W. Scott.

4. Anything regarded as like a human heel in shape; a protuberance; a
knob.

5. The part of a thing corresponding in position to the human heel;
the lower part, or part on which a thing rests; especially:
(a) (Naut.) The after end of a ship's keel.
(b) (Naut.) The lower end of a mast, a boom, the bowsprit, the
sternpost, etc.
(c) (Mil.) In a small arm, the corner of the but which is upwards in
the firing position.
(d) (Mil.) The uppermost part of the blade of a sword, next to the
hilt.
(e) The part of any tool next the tang or handle; as, the heel of a
scythe.

6. (Man.)

Defn: Management by the heel, especially the spurred heel; as, the
horse understands the heel well.

7. (Arch.)
(a) The lower end of a timber in a frame, as a post or rafter. In the
United States, specif., the obtuse angle of the lower end of a rafter
set sloping.
(b) A cyma reversa; -- so called by workmen. Gwilt. Heel chain
(Naut.), a chain passing from the bowsprit cap around the heel of the
jib boom.
 -- Heel plate, the butt plate of a gun.
 -- Heel of a rafter. (Arch.) See Heel, n., 7.
 -- Heel ring, a ring for fastening a scythe blade to the snath.
 -- Neck and heels, the whole body. (Colloq.) -- To be at the heels
of, to pursue closely; to follow hard: as, hungry want is at my
heels. Otway.
 -- To be down at the heel, to be slovenly or in a poor plight.
 -- To be out at the heels, to have on stockings that are worn out;
hence, to be shabby, or in a poor plight. Shak.
 -- To cool the heels. See under Cool.
 -- To go heels over head, to turn over so as to bring the heels
uppermost; hence, to move in a inconsiderate, or rash, manner.
 -- To have the heels of, to outrun.
 -- To lay by the heels, to fetter; to shackle; to imprison. Shak.
Addison.
 -- To show the heels, to flee; to run from.
 -- To take to the heels, to flee; to betake to flight.
 -- To throw up another's heels, to trip him. Bunyan.
 -- To tread upon one's heels, to follow closely. Shak.

HEEL
Heel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heeled; p. pr. & vb. n. Heeling.]

1. To perform by the use of the heels, as in dancing, running, and
the like. [R.]
I cannot sing, Nor heel the high lavolt. Shak.

2. To add a heel to; as, to heel a shoe.

3. To arm with a gaff, as a cock for fighting.

HEELBALL
Heel"ball`, n.

Defn: A composition of wax and lampblack, used by shoemakers for
polishing, and by antiquaries in copying inscriptions.

HEELER
Heel"er, n.

1. A cock that strikes well with his heels or spurs.

2. A dependent and subservient hanger-on of a political patron.
[Political Cant, U. S.]
The army of hungry heelers who do their bidding. The Century.

HEELLESS
Heel"less, a.

Defn: Without a heel.

HEELPATH
Heel"path`, n. [So called with a play upon the words tow and toe.]

Defn: The bank of a canal opposite, and corresponding to, that of the
towpath; berm. [U. S.]

The Cowles found convenient spiles sunk in the heelpath.
The Century.

HEELPIECE
Heel"piece`, n.

1. A piece of armor to protect the heels. Chesterfield.

2. A piece of leather fixed on the heel of a shoe.

3. The end. "The heelpiece of his book." Lloyd.

HEELPOST
Heel"post`, n.

1. (Naut.) The post supporting the outer end of a propeller shaft.

2. (Carp.)

Defn: The post to which a gate or door is hinged.

3. (Engineering)

Defn: The quoin post of a lock gate.

HEELSPUR
Heel"spur`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A slender bony or cartilaginous process developed from the heel
bone of bats. It helps to support the wing membranes. See Illust. of
Cheiropter.

HEELTAP
Heel"tap`, n.

1. One of the segments of leather in the heel of a shoe.

2. A small portion of liquor left in a glass after drinking. "Bumpers
around and no heeltaps." Sheridan.

HEELTAP
Heel"tap`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heeltapped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Heeltapping.]

Defn: To add a piece of leather to the heel of (a shoe, boot, etc.)

HEELTOOL
Heel"tool`, n.

Defn: A tool used by turners in metal, having a bend forming a heel
near the cutting end.

HEEMRAAD
Heem"raad`, n.; pl. -raaden (#). [Sometimes, incorrectly, Heemraat or
even Heemrad.] [D. heem village + raad council, councilor.]

Defn: In Holland, and, until the 19th century, also in Cape Colony, a
council to assist a local magistrate in the government of rural
districts; hence, also, a member of such a council.

HEEP
Heep, n.

Defn: The hip of the dog-rose. [Obs.]

HEER
Heer, n.Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A yarn measure of six hundred yards or of a spindle. See
Spindle.

HEER
Heer, n. Etym: [See Hair.]

Defn: Hair. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HEFT
Heft, n.

Defn: Same as Haft, n. [Obs.] Waller.

HEFT
Heft, n. Etym: [From Heave: cf. hefe weight. Cf. Haft.]

1. The act or effort of heaving [Obs.]
He craks his gorge, his sides, With violent hefts. Shak.

2. Weight; ponderousness. [Colloq.]
A man of his age and heft. T. Hughes.

3. The greater part or bulk of anything; as, the heft of the crop was
spoiled. [Colloq. U. S.] J. Pickering.

HEFT
Heft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hefted (Heft, obs.); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hefting.]

1. To heave up; to raise aloft.
Inflamed with wrath, his raging blade he heft. Spenser.

2. To prove or try the weight of by raising. [Colloq.]

HEFTY
Heft"y, a.

Defn: Moderately heavy. [Colloq. U. S.]

HEGELIAN
He*ge"li*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Hegelianism.
 -- n.

Defn: A follower of Hegel.

HEGELIANISM; HEGELISM
He*ge"li*an*ism, He"gel*ism, n.

Defn: The system of logic and philosophy set forth by Hegel, a German
writer (1770-1831).

HEGEMONIC; HEGEMONICAL
Heg`e*mon"ic, Heg`e*mon"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Hegemony.]

Defn: Leading; controlling; ruling; predominant. "Princelike and
hegemonical." Fotherby.

HEGEMONY
He*gem`o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Leadership; preponderant influence or authority; -- usually
applied to the relation of a government or state to its neighbors or
confederates. Lieber.

HEGGE
Heg"ge, n.

Defn: A hedge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HEGIRA
He*gi"ra, n. [Written also hejira.] Etym: [Ar. hijrah flight.]

Defn: The flight of Mohammed from Mecca, September 13, A. D. 622
(subsequently established as the first year of the Moslem era);
hence, any flight or exodus regarded as like that of Mohammed.

Note: The starting point of the Era was made to begin, not from the
date of the flight, but from the first day of the Arabic year, which
corresponds to July 16, A. D. 622.

HEIFER
Heif"er, n. Etym: [OE. hayfare, AS. heáhfore, heáfore; the second
part of this word seems akin to AS. fearr bull, ox; akin to OHG.
farro, G. farre, D. vaars, heifer, G. färse, and perh. to Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young cow.

HEIGH-HO
Heigh"-ho (hi"-ho), interj.

Defn: An exclamation of surprise, joy, dejection, uneasiness,
weariness, etc. Shak.

HEIGHT
Height, n. [Written also hight.] Etym: [OE. heighte, heght, heighthe,
AS. heáh, fr. heah high; akin to D. hoogte, Sw. höjd, Dan. höide,
Icel. hæ, Goth. hauhipa. See High.]

1. The condition of being high; elevated position.
Behold the height of the stars, how high they are! Job xxii. 12.

2. The distance to which anything rises above its foot, above that on
which in stands, above the earth, or above the level of the sea;
altitude; the measure upward from a surface, as the floor or the
ground, of animal, especially of a man; stature. Bacon.
[Goliath's] height was six cubits and a span. 1 Sam. xvii. 4.

3. Degree of latitude either north or south. [Obs.]
Guinea lieth to the north sea, in the same height as Peru to the
south. Abp. Abbot.

4. That which is elevated; an eminence; a hill or mountain; as,
Alpine heights. Dryden.

5. Elevation in excellence of any kind, as in power, learning, arts;
also, an advanced degree of social rank; preëminence or distinction
in society; prominence.
Measure your mind's height by the shade it casts. R. Browning.
All would in his power hold, all make his subjects. Chapman.

6. Progress toward eminence; grade; degree.
Social duties are carried to greater heights, and enforced with
stronger motives by the principles of our religion. Addison.

7. Utmost degree in extent; extreme limit of energy or condition; as,
the height of a fever, of passion, of madness, of folly; the height
of a tempest.
My grief was at the height before thou camest. Shak.
On height, aloud. [Obs.]
[He] spake these same words, all on hight. Chaucer.

HEIGHTEN
Height"en (hit"'n), v. t. [Written also highten.] [imp. & p. p.
Heightened; p. pr. & vb. n. Heightening.]

1. To make high; to raise higher; to elevate.

2. To carry forward; to advance; to increase; to augment; to
aggravate; to intensify; to render more conspicuous; -- used of
things, good or bad; as, to heighten beauty; to heighten a flavor or
a tint. "To heighten our confusion." Addison.
An aspect of mystery which was easily heightened to the miraculous.
Hawthorne.

HEIGHTENER
Height"en*er, n. Etym: [Written also hightener.]

Defn: One who, or that which, heightens.

HEINOUS
Hei"nous, a. Etym: [OF. haïnos hateful, F. haineux, fr. OF. haïne
hate, F. haine, fr. haïr to hate; of German origin. See Hate.]

Defn: Hateful; hatefully bad; flagrant; odious; atrocious; giving
great great offense; -- applied to deeds or to character.
It were most heinous and accursed sacrilege. Hooker.
How heinous had the fact been, how deserving Contempt! Milton.

Syn.
 -- Monstrous; flagrant; flagitious; atrocious.
 -- Hei"nous*ly, adv.
 -- Hei"nous*ness, n.

HEIR
Heir, n. Etym: [OE. heir, eir, hair, OF. heir, eir, F. hoir, L.
heres; of uncertain origin. Cf. Hereditary, Heritage.]

1. One who inherits, or is entitled to succeed to the possession of,
any property after the death of its owner; one on whom the law
bestows the title or property of another at the death of the latter.
I am my father's heir and only son. Shak.

2. One who receives any endowment from an ancestor or relation; as,
the heir of one's reputation or virtues.
And I his heir in misery alone. Pope.
Heir apparent. (Law.) See under Apparent.
 -- Heir at law, one who, after his ancector's death, has a right to
inherit all his intestate estate. Wharton (Law Dict.).
 -- Heir presumptive, one who, if the ancestor should die
immediately, would be his heir, but whose right to the inheritance
may be defeated by the birth of a nearer relative, or by some other
contingency.

HEIR
Heir, v. t.

Defn: To inherit; to succeed to. [R.]
One only daughter heired the royal state. Dryden.

HEIRDOM
Heir"dom, n.

Defn: The state of an heir; succession by inheritance. Burke.

HEIRESS
Heir"ess, n

Defn: , A female heir.

HEIRLESS
Heir"less a.

Defn: Destitute of an heir. Shak.

HEIRLOOM
Heir"loom`, n. Etym: [Heir + loom, in its earlier sense of implement,
tool. See Loom the frame.]

Defn: Any furniture, movable, or personal chattel, which by law or
special custom descends to the heir along with the inheritance; any
piece of personal property that has been in a family for several
generations.
Woe to him whose daring hand profanes The honored heirlooms of his
ancestors. Moir.

HEIRSHIP
Heir"ship, n.

Defn: The state, character, or privileges of an heir; right of
inheriting. Heirship movables, certain kinds of movables which the
heir is entitled to take, besides the heritable estate. [Scot.]

HEJIRA
He*ji"ra, n.

Defn: See Hegira.

HEKTARE; HEKTOGRAM; HEKTOLITER; HEKTOMETER
Hek"tare`, Hek"to*gram, Hek"to*li`ter, and; Hek"to*me`ter, n.

Defn: Same as Hectare, Hectogram, Hectoliter, and Hectometer.

HEKTOGRAPH
Hek"to*graph, n.

Defn: See Hectograph.

HELAMYS
Hel*a*mys, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Jumping hare, under Hare.

HELCOPLASTY
Hel"co*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Gr. -plasty.] (Med.)

Defn: The act or process of repairing lesions made by ulcers,
especially by a plastic operation.

HELD
Held,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Hold.

HELE
Hele, n. Etym: [See Heal, n.]

Defn: Health; welfare. [Obs.] "In joy and perfyt hele." Chaucer.

HELE
Hele, v. t. Etym: [AS. helan, akin to D. helen, OHG. helan, G.
hehlen, L. celare. sq. root17. See Hell, and cf. Conceal.]

Defn: To hide; to cover; to roof. [Obs.]
Hide and hele things. Chaucer.

HELENA
Hel"e*na, n. Etym: [L.: cf. Sp. helena.]

Defn: See St. Elmo's fire, under Saint.

HELENIN
Hel"e*nin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A neutral organic substance found in the root of the elecampane
(Inula helenium), and extracted as a white crystalline or oily
material, with a slightly bitter taste.

HELIAC
He"li*ac, a.

Defn: Heliacal.

HELIACAL
He*li"a*cal, a. Etym: [Gr. héliaque.] (Astron.)

Defn: Emerging from the light of the sun, or passing into it; rising
or setting at the same, or nearly the same, time as the sun. Sir T.
Browne.

Note: The heliacal rising of a star is when, after being in
conjunction with the sun, and invisible, it emerges from the light so
as to be visible in the morning before sunrising. On the contrary,
the heliacal setting of a star is when the sun approaches conjunction
so near as to render the star invisible.

HELIACALLY
He*li"a*cal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a heliacal manner. De Quincey.

HELIANTHIN
He`li*an"thin, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. L. helianthes, or NL. helianthus,
sunflower, in allusion to its color.] (Chem.)

Defn: An artificial, orange dyestuff, analogous to tropaolin, and
like it used as an indicator in alkalimetry; -- called also methyl
orange.

HELIANTHOID
He`li*an"thoid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Helianthoidea.

HELIANTHOIDEA
He`li*an"thoi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. helianthes sunflower +
-oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Anthozoa; the Actinaria.

HELICAL
Hel"i*cal, a. Etym: [From Helix.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or in the form of, a helix; spiral; as, a
helical staircase; a helical spring.
 -- Hel"i*cal*ly, adv.

HELICHRYSUM
Hel`i*chry"sum (, n. Etym: [L., the marigold, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of composite plants, with shining, commonly white or
yellow, or sometimes reddish, radiated involucres, which are often
called "everlasting flowers."

HELICIFORM
He*lic"i*form, a. Etym: [Helix + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of a helix; spiral.

HELICIN
Hel"i*cin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside obtained as a white crystalline substance by
partial oxidation of salicin, from a willow (Salix Helix of Linnæus.)

HELICINE
Hel"i*cine, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Curled; spiral; helicoid; -- applied esp. to certain arteries
of the penis.

HELICOGRAPH
Hel"i*co*graph`, n. Etym: [Helix + -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for drawing spiral lines on a plane.

HELICOID
Hel"i*coid, a. Etym: [Gr. hélicoïde. See Helix.]

1. Spiral; curved, like the spire of a univalve shell.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Shaped like a snail shell; pertaining to the Helicidæ, or Snail
family. Helicoid parabola (Math.), the parabolic spiral.

HELICOID
Hel"i*coid, n. (Geom.)

Defn: A warped surface which may be generated by a straight line
moving in such a manner that every point of the line shall have a
uniform motion in the direction of another fixed straight line, and
at the same time a uniform angular motion about it.

HELICOIDAL
Hel`i*coid"al, a.

Defn: Same as Helicoid.
 -- Hel`i*coid"al*ly, adv.

HELICON
Hel"i*con, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A mountain in Boeotia, in Greece, supposed by the Greeks to be
the residence of Apollo and the Muses.
From Helicon's harmonious springs A thousand rills their mazy
progress take. Gray.

HELICONIA
Hel`i*co"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Helicon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of numerous species of Heliconius, a genus of tropical
American butterflies. The wings are usually black, marked with green,
crimson, and white.

HELICONIAN
Hel`i*co"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Heliconius.]

1. Of or pertaining to Helicon. "Heliconian honey." Tennyson.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the butterflies of the genus Heliconius.

HELICOTREMA
Hel`i*co"tre"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The opening by which the two scalæ communicate at the top of
the cochlea of the ear.

HELIO-
He"li*o-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. "h`lios the sun.

HELIOCENTRIC; HELIOCENTRICAL
He`li*o*cen"tric, He`li*o*cen"tric"al, a. Etym: [Helio- + centric,
centrical: cf. F. héliocentrique.] (Astron.)

Defn: pertaining to the sun's center, or appearing to be seen from
it; having, or relating to, the sun as a center; -- opposed to
geocentrical. Heliocentric parallax. See under Parallax.
 -- Heliocentric place, latitude, longitude, etc. (of a heavenly
body), the direction, latitude, longitude, etc., of the body as
viewed from the sun.

HELIOCHROME
He"li*o*chrome, n. Etym: [Helio- + Gr.

Defn: A photograph in colors. R. Hunt.

HELIOCHROMIC
He`li*o*chro"mic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or produced by, heliochromy.

HELIOCHROMY
He"li*o*chro`my, n.

Defn: The art of producing photographs in color.

HELIOGRAM
He"li*o*gram, n.  [Helio- + -gram.]

Defn: A message transmitted by a heliograph.

HELIOGRAPH
He"li*o*graph, n. Etym: [Helio- + -graph.]

1. A picture taken by heliography; a photograph.

2. An instrument for taking photographs of the sun.

3. An apparatus for telegraphing by means of the sun's rays. See
Heliotrope, 3.

HELIOGRAPHIC
He`li*o*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to heliography or a heliograph; made by
heliography. Heliographic chart. See under Chart.

HELIOGRAPHY
He`li*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Helio- + -graphy.]

Defn: Photography. R. Hunt.

HELIOGRAVURE
He`li*o*grav"ure, n. Etym: [F. héliogravure.]

Defn: The process of photographic engraving.

HELIOLATER
He`li*ol"a*ter, n. Etym: [Helio- + Gr.

Defn: A worshiper of the sun.

HELIOLATRY
He`li*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Helio- + Gr.

Defn: Sun worship. See Sabianism.

HELIOLITE
He"li*o*lite, n. Etym: [Helio- + -lite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil coral of the genus Heliolites, having twelve-rayed
cells. It is found in the Silurian rocks.

HELIOMETER
He`li*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Helio- + -meter: cf. F. héliomètre.]
(Astron.)

Defn: An instrument devised originally for measuring the diameter of
the sun; now employed for delicate measurements of the distance and
relative direction of two stars too far apart to be easily measured
in the field of view of an ordinary telescope.

HELIOMETRIC; HELIOMETRICAL
He`li*o*met"ric, He`li*o*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the heliometer, or to heliometry.

HELIOMETRY
He`li*om"e*try, n.

Defn: The apart or practice of measuring the diameters of heavenly
bodies, their relative distances, etc. See Heliometer.

HELIOPORA
He`li*op"o*ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian stony coral now known to belong to the
Alcyonaria; -- called also blue coral.

HELIOSCOPE
He"li*o*scope, n. Etym: [Helio- + -scope: cf. F. hélioscope.]
(Astron.)

Defn: A telescope or instrument for viewing the sun without injury to
the eyes, as through colored glasses, or with mirrors which reflect
but a small portion of light.
 -- He`li*o*scop`ic, a.

HELIOSTAT
He"li*o*stat, n. Etym: [Helio- + Gr. héliostate.]

Defn: An instrument consisting of a mirror moved by clockwork, by
which a sunbeam is made apparently stationary, by being steadily
directed to one spot during the whole of its diurnal period; also, a
geodetic heliotrope.

HELIOTROPE
He"li*o*trope, n. Etym: [F. héliotrope, L. heliotropium, Gr.
Heliacal, Trope.]

1. (Anc. Astron.)

Defn: An instrument or machine for showing when the sun arrived at
the tropics and equinoctial line.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Heliotropium; -- called also turnsole and
girasole. H. Peruvianum is the commonly cultivated species with
fragrant flowers.

3. (Geodesy & Signal Service)

Defn: An instrument for making signals to an observer at a distance,
by means of the sun's rays thrown from a mirror.

4. (Min.)

Defn: See Bloodstone (a). Heliotrope purple, a grayish purple color.

HELIOTROPER
He"li*o*tro`per, n.

Defn: The person at a geodetic station who has charge of the
heliotrope.

HELIOTROPIC
He`li*o*trop"ic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Manifesting heliotropism; turning toward the sun.

HELIOTROPISM
He`li*ot"ro*pism, n. Etym: [Helio- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The phenomenon of turning toward the light, seen in many leaves
and flowers.

HELIOTYPE
He"li*o*type, n. Etym: [Helio- + -type.]

Defn: A picture obtained by the process of heliotypy.

HELIOTYPIC
He`li*o*typ"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to, or obtained by, heliotypy.

HELIOTYPY
He"li*o*ty`py, n.

Defn: A method of transferring pictures from photographic negatives
to hardened gelatin plates from which impressions are produced on
paper as by lithography.

HELIOZOA
He`li*o*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fresh-water rhizopods having a more or less
globular form, with slender radiating pseudopodia; the sun
animalcule.

HELISPHERIC; HELISPHERICAL
Hel`i*spher"ic, Hel`i*spher"ic*al (, a. Etym: [Helix + spheric,
spherical.]

Defn: Spiral. Helispherical line (Math.). the rhomb line in
navigation. [R.]

HELIUM
He"li*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A gaseous element found in the atmospheres of the sun and earth
and in some rare minerals.

HELIX
He"lix, n.; pl. L. Helices, E. Helixes. Etym: [L. helix, Gr. volvere,
and E. volute, voluble.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A nonplane curve whose tangents are all equally inclined to a
given plane. The common helix is the curve formed by the thread of
the ordinary screw. It is distinguished from the spiral, all the
convolutions of which are in the plane.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A caulicule or little volute under the abacus of the Corinthian
capital.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The incurved margin or rim of the external ear. See Illust. of
Ear.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of land snails, including a large number of species.

Note: The genus originally included nearly all shells, but is now
greatly restricted. See Snail, Pulmonifera.

HELL
Hell, n. Etym: [AS. hell; akin to D. hel, OHG. hella, G. hölle, Icel.
hal, Sw. helfvete, Dan. helvede, Goth. halja, and to AS. helan to
conceal. Hele, v. t., Conceal, Cell, Helmet, Hole, Occult.]

1. The place of the dead, or of souls after death; the grave; --
called in Hebrew sheol, and by the Greeks hades.
He descended into hell. Book of Common Prayer.
Thou wilt not leave my soul in hell. Ps. xvi. 10.

2. The place or state of punishment for the wicked after death; the
abode of evil spirits. Hence, any mental torment; anguish. "Within
him hell." Milton.
It is a knell That summons thee to heaven or to hell. Shak.

3. A place where outcast persons or things are gathered; as:
(a) A dungeon or prison; also, in certain running games, a place to
which those who are caught are carried for detention.
(b) A gambling house. "A convenient little gambling hell for those
who had grown reckless." W. Black.
(c) A place into which a tailor throws his shreds, or a printer his
broken type. Hudibras. Gates of hell. (Script.) See Gate, n., 4.

HELL
Hell, v. t.

Defn: To overwhelm. [Obs.] Spenser.

HELLANODIC
Hel`la*nod"ic, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A judge or umpire in games or combats.

HELLBENDER
Hell"bend`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large North American aquatic salamander (Protonopsis horrida
or Menopoma Alleghaniensis). It is very voracious and very tenacious
of life. Also called alligator, and water dog.

HELLBORN
Hell"born`, a.

Defn: Born in or of hell. Shak.

HELLBRED
Hell`bred`, a.

Defn: Produced in hell. Spenser.

HELLBREWED
Hell"brewed`, a.

Defn: Prepared in hell. Milton.

HELLBROTH
Hell"broth`, n.

Defn: A composition for infernal purposes; a magical preparation.
Shak.

HELL-CAT
Hell"-cat `, n.

Defn: A witch; a hag. Middleton.

HELL-DIVER
Hell`-div`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dabchick.

HELLDOOMED
Hell`doomed`, a.

Defn: Doomed to hell. Milton.

HELLEBORE
Hel"le*bore, n. Etym: [L. helleborus, elleborus, Gr. hellébore,
ellébore.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of perennial herbs (Helleborus) of the Crowfoot family,
mostly having powerfully cathartic and even poisonous qualities. H.
niger is the European black hellebore, or Christmas rose, blossoming
in winter or earliest spring. H. officinalis was the officinal
hellebore of the ancients.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of several species of the poisonous liliaceous genus
Veratrum, especially V. album and V. viride, both called white
hellebore.

HELLEBOREIN
Hel`le*bo"re*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous glucoside accompanying helleborin in several
species of hellebore, and extracted as a white crystalline substance
with a bittersweet taste. It has a strong action on the heart,
resembling digitalin.

HELLEBORIN
Hel*leb"o*rin ( or ), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous glucoside found in several species of hellebore,
and extracted as a white crystalline substance with a sharp tingling
taste. It possesses the essential virtues of the plant; -- called
also elleborin.

HELLEBORISM
Hel"le*bo*rism, n.

Defn: The practice or theory of using hellebore as a medicine.

HELLENE
Hel"lene, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A native of either ancient or modern Greece; a Greek. Brewer.

HELLENIAN
Hel*le"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Hellenes, or Greeks.

HELLENIC
Hel*len"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Hellenes, or inhabitants of Greece;
Greek; Grecian. "The Hellenic forces." Jowett (Thucyd. ).

HELLENIC
Hel*len"ic, n.

Defn: The dialect, formed with slight variations from the Attic,
which prevailed among Greek writers after the time of Alexander.

HELLENISM
Hel"len*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. Hellénisme.]

1. A phrase or form of speech in accordance with genius and
construction or idioms of the Greek language; a Grecism. Addison.

2. The type of character of the ancient Greeks, who aimed at culture,
grace, and amenity, as the chief elements in human well-being and
perfection.

HELLENIST
Hel"len*ist, n. Etym: [Gr. Helléniste.]

1. One who affiliates with Greeks, or imitates Greek manners; esp., a
person of Jewish extraction who used the Greek language as his mother
tongue, as did the Jews of Asia Minor, Greece, Syria, and Egypt;
distinguished from the Hebraists, or native Jews (Acts vi. 1).

2. One skilled in the Greek language and literature; as, the critical
Hellenist.

HELLENISTIC; HELLENISTICAL
Hel`le*nis"tic, Hel`le*nis"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. Hellénistique.]

Defn: Pertaining to the Hellenists. Hellenistic language, dialect, or
idiom, the Greek spoken or used by the Jews who lived in countries
where the Greek language prevailed; the Jewish-Greek dialect or idiom
of the Septuagint.

HELLENISTICALLY
Hel`le*nis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to the Hellenistic manner or dialect. J. Gregory.

HELLENIZE
Hel"len*ize, v. i. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To use the Greek language; to play the Greek; to Grecize.

HELLENIZE
Hel"len*ize, v. t. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To give a Greek form or character to; to Grecize; as, to
Hellenize a word.

HELLENOTYPE
Hel*len"o*type, n.

Defn: See Ivorytype.

HELLESPONT
Hel"les*pont, n. Etym: [L. Hellespontus, Gr.

Defn: A narrow strait between Europe and Asia, now called the
Daradanelles. It connects the Ægean Sea and the sea of Marmora.

HELLESPONTINE
Hel`les*pon"tine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Hellespont. Mitford.

HELLGAMITE; HELLGRAMITE
Hell"ga*mite, Hell"gra*mite, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The aquatic larva of a large American winged insect (Corydalus
cornutus), much used a fish bait by anglers; the dobson. It belongs
to the Neuroptera.

HELLHAG
Hell"hag`, n.

Defn: A hag of or fit for hell. Bp. Richardson.

HELL-HAUNTED
Hell"-haunt`ed (, a.

Defn: Haunted by devils; hellish. Dryden.

HELLHOUND
Hell"hound`, n. Etym: [AS. hellehund.]

Defn: A dog of hell; an agent of hell.
A hellhound, that doth hunt us all to death. Shak.

HELLIER
Hel"li*er, n. Etym: [See Hele, v. t.]

Defn: One who heles or covers; hence, a tiler, slater, or thatcher.
[Obs.] [Written also heler.] Usher.

HELLISH
Hell"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to hell; like hell; infernal; malignant;
wicked; detestable; diabolical. "Hellish hate." Milton.
 -- Hell"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Hell"ish*ness, n.

HELLKITE
Hell"kite`, n.

Defn: A kite of infernal breed. Shak.

HELLO
Hel*lo", interj. & n.

Defn: See Halloo.

HELLWARD
Hell"ward, adv.

Defn: Toward hell. Pope.

HELLY
Hell"y, a. Etym: [AS. hellic.]

Defn: Hellish. Anderson (1573).

HELM
Helm, n.

Defn: See Haulm, straw.

HELM
Helm, n. Etym: [OE. helme, AS. helma rudder; akin to D. & G. helm,
Icel. hjalm, and perh. to E. helve.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The apparatus by which a ship is steered, comprising rudder,
tiller, wheel, etc.; -- commonly used of the tiller or wheel alone.

2. The place or office of direction or administration. "The helm of
the Commonwealth." Melmoth.

3. One at the place of direction or control; a steersman; hence, a
guide; a director.
The helms o' the State, who care for you like fathers. Shak.

4. Etym: [Cf. Helve.]

Defn: A helve. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Helm amidships, when the tiller,
rudder, and keel are in the same plane.
 -- Helm aport, when the tiller is borne over to the port side of the
ship.
 -- Helm astarboard, when the tiller is borne to the starboard side.
 -- Helm alee, Helm aweather, when the tiller is borne over to the
lee or to the weather side.
 -- Helm hard alee or hard aport, hard astarboard, etc., when the
tiller is borne over to the extreme limit.
 -- Helm port, the round hole in a vessel's counter through which the
rudderstock passes.
 -- Helm down, helm alee.
 -- Helm up, helm aweather.
 -- To ease the helm, to let the tiller come more amidships, so as to
lessen the strain on the rudder.
 -- To feel the helm, to obey it.
 -- To right the helm, to put it amidships.
 -- To shift the helm, to bear the tiller over to the corresponding
position on the opposite side of the vessel. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

HELM
Helm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Helmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Helming.]

Defn: To steer; to guide; to direct. [R.]
The business he hath helmed. Shak.
A wild wave . . . overbears the bark, And him that helms it.
Tennyson.

HELM
Helm, n. Etym: [AS. See Helmet.]

1. A helmet. [Poetic]

2. A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

HELM
Helm, v. t.

Defn: To cover or furnish with a helm or helmet. [Perh. used only as
a past part. or part. adj.]
She that helmed was in starke stours. Chaucer.

HELMAGE
Helm"age, n.

Defn: Guidance; direction. [R.]

HELMED
Helm"ed, a.

Defn: Covered with a helmet.
The helmed cherubim Are seen in glittering ranks. Milton.

HELMET
Hel"met, n. Etym: [OF. helmet, a dim of helme, F. heaume; of Teutonic
origin; cf. G. helm, akin to AS. & OS. helm, D. helm, helmet, Icel.
hjalmr, Sw. hjelm, Dan. hielm, Goth. hilms; and prob. from the root
of AS. helan to hide, to hele; cf. also Lith. szalmas, Russ. shleme,
Skr. çarman protection. sq. root17. Cf. Hele, Hell, Helm a helmet.]

1. (Armor)

Defn: A defensive covering for the head. See Casque, Headpiece,
Morion, Sallet, and Illust. of Beaver.

2. (Her.)

Defn: The representation of a helmet over shields or coats of arms,
denoting gradations of rank by modifications of form.

3. A helmet-shaped hat, made of cork, felt, metal, or other suitable
material, worn as part of the uniform of soldiers, firemen, etc.,
also worn in hot countries as a protection from the heat of the sun.

4. That which resembles a helmet in form, position, etc.; as:
(a) (Chem.) The upper part of a retort. Boyle.
(b) (Bot.) The hood-formed upper sepal or petal of some flowers, as
of the monkshood or the snapdragon.
(c) (Zoöl.) A naked shield or protuberance on the top or fore part of
the head of a bird. Helmet beetle (Zoöl.), a leaf-eating beetle of
the family Chrysomelidæ, having a short, broad, and flattened body.
Many species are known.
 -- Helmet shell (Zoöl.), one of many species of tropical marine
univalve shells belonging to Cassis and allied genera. Many of them
are large and handsome; several are used for cutting as cameos, and
hence are called cameo shells. See King conch.
 -- Helmet shrike (Zoöl.), an African wood shrike of the genus
Prionodon, having a large crest.

HELMETED
Hel`met*ed, a.

Defn: Wearing a helmet; furnished with or having a helmet or helmet-
shaped part; galeate.

HELMET-SHAPED
Hel"met-shaped` (, a.

Defn: Shaped like a helmet; galeate. See Illust. of Galeate.

HELMINTH
Hel"minth, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An intestinal worm, or wormlike intestinal parasite; one of the
Helminthes.

HELMINTHAGOGUE
Hel*min"tha*gogue, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A vermifuge.

HELMINTHES
Hel*min"thes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the grand divisions or branches of the animal kingdom.
It is a large group including a vast number of species, most of which
are parasitic. Called also Enthelminthes, Enthelmintha.

Note: The following classes are included, with others of less
importance: Cestoidea (tapeworms), Trematodea (flukes, etc.),
Turbellaria (planarians), Acanthocephala (thornheads), Nematoidea
(roundworms, trichina, gordius), Nemertina (nemerteans). See
Plathelminthes, and Nemathelminthes.

HELMINTHIASIS
Hel`min*thi"a*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A disease in which worms are present in some part of the body.

HELMINTHIC
Hel*min"thic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. helminthique.]

Defn: Of or relating to worms, or Helminthes; expelling worms.
 -- n.

Defn: A vermifuge; an anthelmintic.

HELMINTHITE
Hel*min"thite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: One of the sinuous tracks on the surfaces of many stones, and
popularly considered as worm trails.

HELMINTHOID
Hel*min"thoid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Wormlike; vermiform.

HELMINTHOLOGIC; HELMINTHOLOGICAL
Hel*min`tho*log"ic, Hel*min`tho*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
helminthologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to helminthology.

HELMINTHOLOGIST
Hel`min*thol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. helminthologiste.]

Defn: One versed in helminthology.

HELMINTHOLOGY
Hel`min*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. helminthologie.]

Defn: The natural history, or study, of worms, esp. parasitic worms.

HELMLESS
Helm"less, a.

1. Destitute of a helmet.

2. Without a helm or rudder. Carlyle.

HELMSMAN
Helms"man, n.; pl. Helmsmen (.

Defn: The man at the helm; a steersman.

HELMWIND
Helm"wind`, n.

Defn: A wind attending or presaged by the cloud called helm. [Prov.
Eng.]

HELOT
He"lot, n. Etym: [L. Helotes, Hilotae, pl., fr. Gr. E'e`lws and
E'elw`ths a bondman or serf of the Spartans; so named from 'Elos, a
town of Laconia, whose inhabitants were enslaved; or perh. akin to
e`lei^n to take, conquer, used as 2d aor. of

Defn: A slave in ancient Sparta; a Spartan serf; hence, a slave or
serf.
Those unfortunates, the Helots of mankind, more or less numerous in
every community. I. Taylor.

HELOTISM
He"lot*ism, n.

Defn: The condition of the Helots or slaves in Sparta; slavery.

HELOTRY
He"lot*ry, n.

Defn: The Helots, collectively; slaves; bondsmen. "The Helotry of
Mammon." Macaulay.

HELP
Help, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Helped (Obs. imp. Holp (, p. p. Holpen (;
p. pr. & vb. n. Helping.] Etym: [AS. helpan; akin to OS. helpan, D.
helpen, G. helfen, OHG. helfan, Icel. hjalpa, Sw. hjelpa, Dan.
hielpe, Goth. hilpan; cf. Lith. szelpti, and Skr. klp to be fitting.]

1. To furnish with strength or means for the successful performance
of any action or the attainment of any object; to aid; to assist; as,
to help a man in his work; to help one to remember; -- the following
infinitive is commonly used without to; as, "Help me scale yon
balcony." Longfellow.

2. To furnish with the means of deliverance from trouble; as, to help
one in distress; to help one out of prison. "God help, poor souls,
how idly do they talk!" Shak.

3. To furnish with relief, as in pain or disease; to be of avail
against; -- sometimes with of before a word designating the pain or
disease, and sometimes having such a word for the direct object. "To
help him of his blindness." in is used for that function; -- "to help
him in his misery" Shak.
The true calamus helps coughs. Gerarde.

4. To change for the better; to remedy.
Cease to lament for what thou canst not help. Shak.

5. To prevent; to hinder; as, the evil approaches, and who can help
it Swift.

6. To forbear; to avoid.
I can not help remarking the resemblance betwixt him and our author.
Pope.

7. To wait upon, as the guests at table, by carving and passing food.
To help forward, to assist in advancing.
 -- To help off, to help to go or pass away, as time; to assist in
removing. Locke.
 -- To help on, to forward; to promote by aid.
 -- To help out, to aid, as in delivering from a difficulty, or to
aid in completing a design or task.
The god of learning and of light Would want a god himself to help him
out. Swift.
-- To help over, to enable to surmount; as, to help one over an
obstacle.
 -- To help to, to supply with; to furnish with; as, to help one to
soup.
 -- To help up, to help (one) to get up; to assist in rising, as
after a fall, and the like. "A man is well holp up that trusts to
you." Shak.

Syn.
 -- To aid; assist; succor; relieve; serve; support; sustain;
befriend.
 -- To Help, Aid, Assist. These words all agree in the idea of
affording relief or support to a person under difficulties. Help
turns attention especially to the source of relief. If I fall into a
pit, I call for help; and he who helps me out does it by an act of
his own. Aid turns attention to the other side, and supposes
coöperation on the part of him who is relieved; as, he aided me in
getting out of the pit; I got out by the aid of a ladder which he
brought. Assist has a primary reference to relief afforded by a
person who "stands by" in order to relieve. It denotes both help and
aid. Thus, we say of a person who is weak, I assisted him upstairs,
or, he mounted the stairs by my assistance. When help is used as a
noun, it points less distinctively and exclusively to the source of
relief, or, in other words, agrees more closely with aid. Thus we
say, I got out of a pit by the help of my friend.

HELP
Help, v. i.

Defn: To lend aid or assistance; to contribute strength or means; to
avail or be of use; to assist.
A generous present helps to persuade, as well as an agreeable person.
Garth.
To help out, to lend aid; to bring a supply.

HELP
Help, n. Etym: [AS. help; akin to D. hulp, G. hülfe, hilfe, Icel.
hjalp, Sw. hjelp, Dan. hielp. See Help, v. t.]

1. Strength or means furnished toward promoting an object, or
deliverance from difficulty or distress; aid; ^; also, the person or
thing furnishing the aid; as, he gave me a help of fifty dollars.
Give us help from trouble, for vain is the help of man. Ps. lx. 11.
God is . . . a very present help in trouble. Ps. xlvi. 1.
Virtue is a friend and a help to nature. South.

2. Remedy; relief; as, there is no help for it.

3. A helper; one hired to help another; also, thew hole force of
hired helpers in any business.

4. Specifically, a domestic servant, man or woman. [Local, U. S.]

HELPER
Help"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, helps, aids, assists, or relieves; as,
a lay helper in a parish.
Thou art the helper of the fatherless. Ps. x. 14.
Compassion . . . oftentimes a helper of evils. Dr. H. More.

HELPFUL
Help"ful, a.

Defn: Furnishing help; giving aid; assistant; useful; salutary.
Heavens make our presence and our practices Pleasant and helpful to
him! Shak.
-- Help"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Help"ful*ness, n. Milton.

HELPLESS
Help"less, a.

1. Destitute of help or strength; unable to help or defend one's
self; needing help; feeble; weak; as, a helpless infant.
How shall I then your helpless fame defend Pope.

2. Beyond help; irremediable.
Some helpless disagreement or dislike, either of mind or body.
Milton.

3. Bringing no help; unaiding. [Obs.]
Yet since the gods have been Helpless foreseers of my plagues.
Chapman.

4. Unsupplied; destitute; -- with of. [R.]
Helpless of all that human wants require. Dryden.
-- Help"less*ly, adv.
 -- Help"less*ness, n.

HELPMATE
Help"mate`, n. Etym: [A corruption of the "help meet for him" of
Genesis ii. 18.Fitzedward Hall.]

Defn: A helper; a companion; specifically, a wife.
In Minorca the ass and the hog are common helpmates, and are yoked
together in order to turn up the land. Pennant.
A waiting woman was generally considered as the most suitable
helpmate for a parson. Macaulay.

HELPMEET
Help"meet`, n. Etym: [See Helpmate.]

Defn: A wife; a helpmate.
The Lord God created Adam, . . . and afterwards, on his finding the
want of a helpmeet, caused him to sleep, and took one of his ribs and
thence made woman. J. H. Newman.

HELTER-SKELTER
Hel"ter-skel"ter, adv. Etym: [An onomatholter-polter, D. holder de
bolder.]

Defn: In hurry and confusion; without definite purpose; irregularly.
[Colloq.]
Helter-skelter have I rode to thee. Shak.
A wistaria vine running helter-skelter across the roof. J. C. Harris.

HELVE
Helve, n. Etym: [OE. helve, helfe, AS. hielf, helf, hylf, cf. OHG.
halb; and also E. halter, helm of a rudder.]

1. The handle of an ax, hatchet, or adze.

2. (Iron Working)
(a) The lever at the end of which is the hammer head, in a forge
hammer.
(b) A forge hammer which is lifted by a cam acting on the helve
between the fulcrum and the head.

HELVE
Helve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Helved; p. pr. & vb. n. Helving.]

Defn: To furnish with a helve, as an ax.

HELVETIAN
Hel*ve"tian, a.

Defn: Same as Helvetic.
 -- n.

Defn: A Swiss; a Switzer.

HELVETIC
Hel*ve"tic, a. Etym: [L. Helveticus, fr. Helvetii the Helvetii.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Helvetii, the ancient inhabitant of the
Alps, now Switzerland, or to the modern states and inhabitant of the
Alpine regions; as, the Helvetic confederacy; Helvetic states.

HELVINE; HELVITE
Hel"vine, Hel"vite, n. Etym: [L. helvus of a light bay color.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a yellowish color, consisting chiefly of silica,
glucina, manganese, and iron, with a little sulphur.

HEM
Hem, pron. Etym: [OE., fr. AS. him, heom, dative pl. of. h he. See
He, They.]

Defn: Them [Obs.] Chaucer.

HEM
Hem, interj.

Defn: An onomatopoetic word used as an expression of hesitation,
doubt, etc. It is often a sort of voluntary half cough, loud or
subdued, and would perhaps be better expressed by hm.
Cough or cry hem, if anybody come. Shak.

HEM
Hem, n.

Defn: An utterance or sound of the voice, hem or hm, often indicative
of hesitation or doubt, sometimes used to call attention. "His
morning hems." Spectator.

HEM
Hem, v. i. [Hem, interj.]

Defn: To make the sound expressed by the word hem; hence, to hesitate
in speaking. "Hem, and stroke thy beard." Shak.

HEM
Hem, n. Etym: [AS. hem, border, margin; cf. Fries. hämel, Prov. G.
hammel hem of mire or dirt.]

1. The edge or border of a garment or cloth, doubled over and sewed,
to strengthen raveling.

2. Border; edge; margin. "Hem of the sea." Shak.

3. A border made on sheet-metal ware by doubling over the edge of the
sheet, to stiffen it and remove the sharp edge.

HEM
Hem, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hemmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hemming.]

1. To form a hem or border to; to fold and sew down the edge of.
Wordsworth.

2. To border; to edge
All the skirt about Was hemmed with golden fringe. Spenser.
To hem about, around, or in, to inclose and confine; to surround; to
environ. "With valiant squadrons round about to hem." Fairfax.
"Hemmed in to be a spoil to tyranny." Daniel.
 -- To hem out, to shut out. "You can not hem me out of London." J.
Webster.

HEMA-
Hem"a-.

Defn: Same as Hæma-.

HEMACHATE
Hem"a*chate, n. Etym: [L. haemachates; Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A species of agate, sprinkled with spots of red jasper.

HEMACHROME
Hem"a*chrome, n.

Defn: Same as Hæmachrome.

HEMACITE
Hem"a*cite, n. Etym: [Gr. a"i^ma blood.]

Defn: A composition made from blood, mixed with mineral or vegetable
substances, used for making buttons, door knobs, etc.

HEMADROMETER; HEMADROMOMETER
Hem`a*drom"e*ter, Hem`a*dro*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hema- + Gr. -meter.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the velocity with which the blood
moves in the arteries.

HEMADROMETRY; HEMADROMOMETRY
Hem`a*drom`e*try, Hem`a*dro*mom"e*try, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act of measuring the velocity with which the blood
circulates in the arteries; hæmotachometry.

HEMADYNAMICS
He`ma*dy*nam"ics, n. Etym: [Hema- + dynamics.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The principles of dynamics in their application to the blood;
that part of science which treats of the motion of the blood.

HEMADYNAMOMETER
He`ma*dy"na*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hema- + dynamometr.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument by which the pressure of the blood in the
arteries, or veins, is measured by the height to which it will raise
a column of mercury; -- called also a hæmomanometer.

HEMAL
He"mal, a. Etym: [Gr. a"i^ma blood.]

Defn: Relating to the blood or blood vessels; pertaining to, situated
in the region of, or on the side with, the heart and great blood
vessels; -- opposed to neural.

Note: As applied to vertebrates, hemal is the same as ventral, the
heart and great blood vessels being on the ventral, and the central
nervous system on the dorsal, side of the vertebral column. Hemal
arch (Anat.), the ventral arch in a segment of the spinal skeleton,
formed by vertebral processes or ribs.

HEMAPHAEIN
Hem`a*phæ"in, n.

Defn: Same as Hæmaphæin.

HEMAPOPHYSIS
Hem`a*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. Hemapophyses . Etym: [NL. See Hæma-, and
Apophysis.] (Anat.)

Defn: The second element in each half of a hemal arch, corresponding
to the sternal part of a rib. Owen.
 -- Hem`a*po*phys"i*al, a.

HEMASTATIC; HEMASTATICAL
Hem`a*stat"ic, Hem`a*stat"ic*al, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Hemostatic.

HEMASTATICS
Hem`a*stat"ics, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: Laws relating to the equilibrium of the blood in the blood
vessels.

HEMATACHOMETER
Hem`a*ta*chom"e*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Hæmatachometer.

HEMATEIN
Hem`a*te"in, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A reddish brown or violet crystalline substance, C16H12O6, got
from hematoxylin by partial oxidation, and regarded as analogous to
the phthaleins.

HEMATEMESIS
Hem`a*tem"e*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood +
(Med.)

Defn: A vomiting of blood.

HEMATHERM
Hem"a*therm, n. Etym: [Gr. a"i^ma blood + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A warm-blooded animal. [R.]

HEMATHERMAL
Hem`a*ther"mal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Warm-blooded; hematothermal. [R]

HEMATIC
He*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Hæmatic.

HEMATIC
He*mat"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine designed to improve the condition of the blood.

HEMATIN
Hem"a*tin, n. Etym: [Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.]

1. Hematoxylin.

2. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A bluish black, amorphous substance containing iron and
obtained from blood. It exists the red blood corpuscles united with
globulin, and the form of hemoglobin or oxyhemoglobin gives to the
blood its red color.

HEMATINIC
He`ma*tin"ic, n. [From Hematin.] (Med.)

Defn: Any substance, such as an iron salt or organic compound
containing iron, which when ingested tends to increase the hemoglobin
contents of the blood.

HEMATINOMETER
Hem`a*ti*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hematin + -meter.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A form of hemoglobinometer.

HEMATINOMETRIC
Hem`a*tin`o*met"ric, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Relating to the measurement of the amount of hematin or
hemoglobin contained in blood, or other fluids.

HEMATINON
He*mat"i*non, n. Etym: [Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.]

Defn: A red consisting of silica, borax, and soda, fused with oxide
of copper and iron, and used in enamels, mosaics, etc.

HEMATITE
Hem"a*tite, n. Etym: [L. haematites, Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.]
(Min.)

Defn: An important ore of iron, the sesquioxide, so called because of
the red color of the powder. It occurs in splendent rhombohedral
crystals, and in massive and earthy forms; -- the last called red
ocher. Called also specular iron, oligist iron, rhombohedral iron
ore, and bloodstone. See Brown hematite, under Brown.

HEMATITIC
Hem`a*tit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to hematite, or resembling it.

HEMATO
Hem"a*to.

Defn: See Hæma-.

HEMATOCELE
He*mat"o*cele, n. Etym: [Hemato- + Gr. hématocèle.] (Med.)

Defn: A tumor filled with blood.

HEMATOCRYA
Hem`a*toc"ry*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood +
kry`os cold.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cold-blooded vertebrates, that is, all but the mammals and
birds; -- the antithesis to Hematotherma.

HEMATOCRYSTALLIN
Hem`a*to*crys"tal*lin, n. Etym: [Hemato + crystalline.] (Physiol.)

Defn: See Hemoglobin.

HEMATOID
Hem"a*toid, a. Etym: [Hemato- + -oid.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Resembling blood.

HEMATOIDIN
Hem`a*toid"in, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline or amorphous pigment, free from iron, formed from
hematin in old blood stains, and in old hemorrhages in the body. It
resembles bilirubin. When present in the corpora lutea it is called
hæmolutein.

HEMATOLOGY
Hem`a*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Hemato- + -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of the blood.

HEMATOMA
Hem`a*to"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Hema-, and -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A circumscribed swelling produced by an effusion of blood
beneath the skin.

HEMATOPHILIA
Hem`a*to*phil"i*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood +
(Med.)

Defn: A condition characterized by a tendency to profuse and
uncontrollable hemorrhage from the slightest wounds.

HEMATOSIN
Hem`a*to"sin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The hematin of blood. [R.]

HEMATOSIS
Hem`a*to"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. a"ima`twsis.] (Physiol.)
(a) Sanguification; the conversion of chyle into blood.
(b) The arterialization of the blood in the lungs; the formation of
blood in general; hæmatogenesis.

HEMATOTHERMA
Hem`a*to*ther"ma, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos,
blood + thermo`s warm.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The warm-blooded vertebrates, comprising the mammals and birds;
-- the antithesis to hematocrya.

HEMATOTHERMAL
Hem"a*to*ther"mal, a.

Defn: Warm-blooded.

HEMATOXYLIN
Hem`a*tox"y*lin, n.

Defn: Hæmatoxylin.

HEMATURIA
Hem`a*tu"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Hema-, and Urine.] (Med.)

Defn: Passage of urine mingled with blood.

HEMAUTOGRAPHY
Hem`au*tog"ra*phy, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The obtaining of a curve similar to a pulse curve or
sphygmogram by allowing the blood from a divided artery to strike
against a piece of paper.

HEMELYTRON; HEMELYTRUM
Hem*el"y*tron or, Hem*el"y*trum (-trûm cf. Elytron, 277),, n.; pl.
Hemelytra (. Etym: [NL. See Hemi, and Elytron.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the partially thickened anterior wings of certain
insects, as of many Hemiptera, the earwigs, etc.

HEMERALOPIA
Hem`e*ra*lo"pi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Nyctalopia.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease of the eyes, in consequence of which a person can see
clearly or without pain only by daylight or a strong artificial
light; day sight.

Note: Some writers (as Quain) use the word in the opposite sense, i.
e., day blindness. See Nyctalopia.

HEMEROBIAN
Hem`er*o"bi*an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A neuropterous insect of the genus Hemerobius, and allied
genera.

HEMEROBID
He*mer"o*bid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of relating to the hemerobians.

HEMEROCALLIS
Hem`e*ro*cal"lis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, some species of which are cultivated for
their beautiful flowers; day lily.

HEMI-
Hem"i-. Etym: [Gr. "hmi-. See Semi-.]

Defn: A prefix signifying half.

HEMIALBUMIN
Hem`i*al*bu"min, n. Etym: [Hemi- + albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Same as Hemialbumose.

HEMIALBUMOSE
Hem`i*al"bu"mose`, n. Etym: [Hemi- + albumose.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An albuminous substance formed in gastric digestion, and by the
action of boiling dilute acids on albumin. It is readily convertible
into hemipeptone. Called also hemialbumin.

HEMIANAESTHESIA
Hem`i*an`æs*the"si*a, n. Etym: [Hemi- + anæsthesia.] (Med.)

Defn: Anæsthesia upon one side of the body.

HEMIBRANCHI
Hem`i*bran"chi, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Hemi-, and Branchia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes having an incomplete or reduced branchial
apparatus. It includes the sticklebacks, the flutemouths, and
Fistularia.

HEMICARDIA
Hem`i*car"di*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Hemi-, and Cardia.] (Anat.)

Defn: A lateral half of the heart, either the right or left. B. G.
Wilder.

HEMICARP
Hem`i*carp, n. Etym: [Hemi- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: One portion of a fruit that spontaneously divides into halves.

HEMICEREBRUM
Hem`i*cer"e*brum, n. Etym: [Hemi- + cerebrum.] (Anat.)

Defn: A lateral half of the cerebrum. Wilder.

HEMICOLLIN
Hem`i*col"lin, n. Etym: [Hemi- + collin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: See Semiglutin.

HEMICRANIA
Hem`i*cra"ni*a, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. hémicrânie. See Cranium, and
Megrim.] (Med.)

Defn: A pain that affects only one side of the head.

HEMICRANY
Hem"i*cra`ny, n. (Med.)

Defn: Hemicranis.

HEMICYCLE
Hem"i*cy`cle, n. Etym: [L. hemicyclus, Gr.

1. A half circle; a semicircle.

2. A semicircular place, as a semicircular arena, or room, or part of
a room.
The collections will be displayed in the hemicycle of the central
pavilion. London Academy.

HEMIDACTYL
Hem`i*dac"tyl, n. Etym: [See Hemi-, and Dactyl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Old World geckoes of the genus Hemidactylus. The
hemidactyls have dilated toes, with two rows of plates beneath.

HEMI-DEMI-SEMIQUAVER
Hem`i-dem`i-sem"i*quaver, n. Etym: [Hemi- + demi-semiquaver.] (Mus.)

Defn: A short note, equal to one fourth of a semiquaver, or the
sixty-fourth part of a whole note.

HEMIDITONE
Hem`i*di"tone, n. Etym: [Hemi- + ditone.] (Gr. Mus.)

Defn: The lesser third. Busby.

HEMIGAMOUS
He*mig"a*mous, a. Etym: [Hemi- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having one of the two florets in the same spikelet neuter, and
the other unisexual, whether male or female; -- said of grasses.

HEMIGLYPH
Hem"i*glyph, n. Etym: [Hemi- + Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: The half channel or groove in the edge of the triglyph in the
Doric order.

HEMIHEDRAL
Hem`i*he"dral, a. Etym: [Hemi- + Gr. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Having half of the similar parts of a crystals, instead of all;
consisting of half the planes which full symmetry would require, as
when a cube has planes only on half of its eight solid angles, or one
plane out of a pair on each of its edges; or as in the case of a
tetrahedron, which is hemihedral to an octahedron, it being contained
under four of the planes of an octahedron.
 -- Hem`i*he"dral*ly, adv.

HEMIHEDRISM
Hem`i*he"drism, n. (Crystallog.)

Defn: The property of crystallizing hemihedrally.

HEMIHEDRON
Hem`i*he"dron, n. (Crystallog.)

Defn: A solid hemihedrally derived. The tetrahedron is a hemihedron.

HEMIHOLOHEDRAL
Hem`i*hol`o*he"dral, a. Etym: [Hemi- + holohedral.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: Presenting hemihedral forms, in which half the sectants have
the full number of planes.

HEMIMELLITIC
Hem`i*mel*lit"ic, a. Etym: [Hemi- + mellitic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having half as many (three) carboxyl radicals as mellitic acid;
-- said of an organic acid.

HEMIMETABOLA
Hem`i*me*tab"o*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Hemi-, and Metabola.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Those insects which have an incomplete metamorphosis.

HEMIMETABOLIC
Hem`i*met`a*bol"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having an incomplete metamorphosis, the larvæ differing from
the adults chiefly in laking wings, as in the grasshoppers and
cockroaches.

HEMIMORPHIC
Hem`i*mor"phic, a. Etym: [Hemi- + Gr. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Having the two ends modified with unlike planes; -- said of a
crystal.

HEMIN
He"min, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A substance, in the form of reddish brown, microscopic,
prismatic crystals, formed from dried blood by the action of strong
acetic acid and common salt; -- called also Teichmann's crystals.
Chemically, it is a hydrochloride of hematin.

Note: The obtaining of these small crystals, from old blood clots or
suspected blood stains, constitutes one of the best evidences of the
presence of blood.

HEMINA
He*mi"na, n.; pl. Heminæ. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A measure of half a sextary. Arbuthnot.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A measure equal to about ten fluid ounces.

HEMIONUS
He*mi"o*nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wild ass found in Thibet; the kiang. Darwin.

HEMIOPIA; HEMIOPSIA
Hem`i*o"pi*a, Hem`i*op"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A defect of vision in consequence of which a person sees but
half of an object looked at.

HEMIORTHOTYPE
Hem`i*or"tho*type, a. Etym: [Hemi- + Gr. -type.]

Defn: Same as Monoclinic.

HEMIPEPTONE
Hem`i*pep"tone, n. Etym: [Hemi- + peptone.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A product of the gastric and pancreatic digestion of albuminous
matter.

Note: Unlike antipeptone it is convertible into leucin and tyrosin,
by the continued action of pancreatic juice. See Peptone. It is also
formed from hemialbumose and albumin by the action of boiling dilute
sulphuric acid.

HEMIPLEGIA
Hem`i*ple"gi*a, n.Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. hémiplagie.] (Med.)

Defn: A palsy that affects one side only of the body.
 -- Hem`i"pleg"ic, a.

HEMIPLEGY
Hem"i*ple`gy, n. (Med.)

Defn: Hemiplegia.

HEMIPODE
Hem"i*pode, n. Etym: [Hemi- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird of the genus Turnix. Various species inhabit Asia,
Africa, and Australia.

HEMIPROTEIN
Hem`i*pro"te*in, n. Etym: [Hemi- + protein.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An insoluble, proteid substance, described by Schützenberger,
formed when albumin is heated for some time with dilute sulphuric
acid. It is apparently identical with antialbumid and dyspeptone.

HEMIPTER
He*mip"ter, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hémiptères, pl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Hemiptera.

HEMIPTERA
He*mip"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of hexapod insects having a jointed proboscis,
including four sharp stylets (mandibles and maxillæ), for piercing.
In many of the species (Heteroptera) the front wings are partially
coriaceous, and different from the others.

Note: They are divided into the Heteroptera, including the squash
bug, soldier bug, bedbug, etc.; the Homoptera, including the cicadas,
cuckoo spits, plant lice, scale insects, etc.; the Thysanoptera,
including the thrips, and, according to most recent writers, the
Pediculina or true lice.

HEMIPTERAL; HEMIPTEROUS
He*mip"ter*al, He*mip"ter*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Hemiptera.

HEMIPTERAN
He*mip"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Hemiptera; an hemipter.

HEMISECT
Hem`i*sect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hemisected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hemisecting.] Etym: [Hemi- + L. secare to cut.] (Anat.)

Defn: To divide along the mesial plane.

HEMISECTION
Hem`i*sec"tion, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A division along the mesial plane; also, one of the parts so
divided.

HEMISPHERE
Hem"i*sphere, n. Etym: [L. hemisphaerium, Gr. hémisphère. See Hemi-,
and Sphere.]

1. A half sphere; one half of a sphere or globe, when divided by a
plane passing through its center.

2. Half of the terrestrial globe, or a projection of the same in a
map or picture.

3. The people who inhabit a hemisphere.
He died . . . mourned by a hemisphere. J. P. Peters.
ten Cerebral hemispheres. (Anat.) See Brain.
 -- Magdeburg hemispheres (Physics), two hemispherical cups forming,
when placed together, a cavity from which the air can be withdrawn by
an air pump; -- used to illustrate the pressure of the air. So called
because invented by Otto von Guericke at Magdeburg.

HEMISPHERIC; HEMISPHERICAL
Hem`i*spher"ic, Hem`i*spher"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hémisphérique.]

Defn: Containing, or pertaining to, a hemisphere; as, a hemispheric
figure or form; a hemispherical body.

HEMISPHEROID
Hem`i*sphe"roid, n. Etym: [Hemi- + spheroid.]

Defn: A half of a spheroid.

HEMISPHEROIDAL
Hem`i*sphe*roid"al, a.

Defn: Resembling, or approximating to, a hemisphere in form.

HEMISPHERULE
Hem`i*spher"ule, n.

Defn: A half spherule.

HEMISTICH
Hem"i*stich, n. Etym: [L. hemistichium, Gr. "hmisti`chion; "hmi- half
+ sti`chos row, line, verse: cf. F. hémistiche.]

Defn: Half a poetic verse or line, or a verse or line not completed.

HEMISTICHAL
He*mis"ti*chal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or written in, hemistichs; also, by, or
according to, hemistichs; as, a hemistichal division of a verse.

HEMISYSTOLE
Hem`i*sys"to*le, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: Contraction of only one ventricle of the heart.

Note: Hemisystole is noticed in rare cases of insufficiency of the
mitral valve, in which both ventricles at times contract
simultaneously, as in a normal heart, this condition alternating with
contraction of the right ventricle alone; hence, intermittent
hemisystole.

HEMITONE
Hem"i*tone, n. Etym: [L. hemitonium, Gr.

Defn: See Semitone.

HEMITROPAL; HEMITROPOUS
He*mit"ro*pal, He*mit"ro*pous, a. Etym: [See Hemitrope.]

1. Turned half round; half inverted.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the raphe terminating about half way between the chalaza
and the orifice; amphitropous; -- said of an ovule. Gray.

HEMITROPE
Hem"i*trope, a. Etym: [Hemi- + Gr. hémitrope.]

Defn: Half turned round; half inverted; (Crystallog.) having a
twinned structure.

HEMITROPE
Hem"i*trope, n.

Defn: That which is hemitropal in construction; (Crystallog.) a twin
crystal having a hemitropal structure.

HEMITROPY
He*mit"ro*py, n. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Twin composition in crystals.

HEMLOCK
Hem"lock, n. Etym: [OE. hemeluc, humloc, AS. hemlic, hymlic.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several poisonous umbelliferous herbs having finely
cut leaves and small white flowers, as the Cicuta maculata,
bulbifera, and virosa, and the Conium maculatum. See Conium.

Note: The potion of hemlock administered to Socrates is by some
thought to have been a decoction of Cicuta virosa, or water hemlock,
by others, of Conium maculatum.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen tree common in North America (Abies, or Tsuga,
Canadensis); hemlock spruce.
The murmuring pines and the hemlocks. Longfellow.

3. The wood or timber of the hemlock tree. Ground hemlock, or Dwarf
hemlock. See under Ground.

HEMMEL
Hem"mel, n. Etym: [Scot. hemmel, hammel, Prov. E. hemble hovel,
stable, shed, perh. allied to D. hemel heaven, canopy, G. himmel; cf.
E. heaven.

Defn: A shed or hovel for cattle. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

HEMMER
Hem"mer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, hems with a needle. Specifically:
(a) An attachment to a sewing machine, for turning under the edge of
a piece of fabric, preparatory to stitching it down.
(b) A tool for turning over the edge of sheet metal to make a hem.

HEMO-
Hem"o-.

Defn: Same as Hæma-, Hæmo-.

HEMOGLOBIN
Hem"o*glo"bin, n. Etym: [Hemo- + globe.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The normal coloring matter of the red blood corpuscles of
vertebrate animals. It is composed of hematin and globulin, and is
also called hæmatoglobulin. In arterial blood, it is always combined
with oxygen, and is then called oxyhemoglobin. It crystallizes under
different forms from different animals, and when crystallized, is
called hæmatocrystallin. See Blood crystal, under Blood.

HEMOGLOBINOMETER
Hem`o*glo"bin*om"e*ter, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Same as Hæmochromometer.

HEMOPHILIA
Hem`o*phil"i*a, n.

Defn: See Hematophilia.

HEMOPTYSIS
He*mop"ty*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. hémoptysie.] (Med.)

Defn: The expectoration of blood, due usually to hemorrhage from the
mucous membrane of the lungs.

HEMORRHAGE
Hem"or*rhage, n. Etym: [L. haemorrhagia, Gr. hémorriage,
hémorrhagie.] (Med.)

Defn: Any discharge of blood from the blood vessels.

Note: The blood circulates in a system of closed tubes, the rupture
of which gives rise to hemorrhage.

HEMORRHAGIC
Hem`or*rhag"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. hémorrhagique.]

Defn: Pertaining or tending to a flux o

HEMORRHOIDAL
Hem`or*rhoid"al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hémorroïdal, hémorrhoïdal.]

1. Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, hemorrhoids.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the rectum; rectal; as, the hemorrhoidal
arteries, veins, and nerves.

HEMORRHOIDS
Hem"or*rhoids, n. pl. Etym: [L. haemorrhoidae, pl., Gr. hémorroïdes,
hémorrhoïdes. See Rheum.] (Med.)

Defn: Livid and painful swellings formed by the dilation of the blood
vessels around the margin of, or within, the anus, from which blood
or mucus is occasionally discharged; piles; emerods. [The sing.
hemorrhoid is rarely used.]

HEMOSTATIC
Hem`o*stat"ic, a. Etym: [Hemo- + Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: Of or relating to stagnation of the blood.

2. Serving to arrest hemorrhage; styptic.

HEMOSTATIC
Hem`o*stat"ic, n.

Defn: A medicine or application to arrest hemorrhage.

HEMOTHORAX
Hem"o*tho"rax, n. Etym: [NL. See Hemo-, and Thorax.] (Med.)

Defn: An effusion of blood into the cavity of the pleura.

HEMP
Hemp, n. Etym: [OE. hemp, AS. henep, hænep; akin to D. hennep, OHG.
hanaf, G. hanf, Icel. hampr, Dan. hamp, Sw. hampa, L. cannabis,
cannabum, Gr. conoplia, Skr. a; all prob. borrowed from some other
language at an early time. Cf. Cannabine, Canvas.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Cannabis (C. sativa), the fibrous skin or
bark of which is used for making cloth and cordage. The name is also
applied to various other plants yielding fiber.

2. The fiber of the skin or rind of the plant, prepared for spinning.
The name has also been extended to various fibers resembling the true
hemp. African hemp, Bowstring hemp. See under African, and Bowstring.
 -- Bastard hemp, the Asiatic herb Datisca cannabina.
 -- Canada hemp, a species of dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum), the
fiber of which was used by the Indians.
 -- Hemp agrimony, a coarse, composite herb of Europe (Eupatorium
cannabinum), much like the American boneset.
 -- Hemp nettle, a plant of the genus Galeopsis (G. Tetrahit),
belonging to the Mint family.
 -- Indian hemp. See under Indian, a.
 -- Manila hemp, the fiber of Musa textilis.
 -- Sisal hemp, the fiber of Agave sisalana, of Mexico and Yucatan.
 -- Sunn hemp, a fiber obtained from a leguminous plant (Crotalaria
juncea).
 -- Water hemp, an annual American weed (Acnida cannabina), related
to the amaranth.

HEMPEN
Hemp"en, a.

1. Made of hemp; as, a hempen cord.

2. Like hemp. "Beat into a hempen state." Cook.

HEMPY
Hemp"y, a.

Defn: Like hemp. [R.] Howell.

HEMSELF; HEMSELVE; HEMSELVEN
Hem*self", Hem*selve" (, Hem*selv"en (, pron. pl. Etym: [See Hem,
pron.]

Defn: Themselves; -- used reflexively. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HEMSTITCH
Hem"stitch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hemstitched; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hemstitching.] Etym: [Hem + stitch.]

Defn: To ornament at the head of a broad hem by drawing out a few
parallel threads, and fastening the cross threads in successive small
clusters; as, to hemstitch a handkerchief.

HEMSTITCHED
Hem"stitched, a.

Defn: Having a broad hem separated from the body of the article by a
line of open work; as, a hemistitched handkerchief.

HEMUSE
He"muse, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The roebuck in its third year. [Prov. Eng.]

HEN
Hen, n. Etym: [AS. henn, hen, hæn; akin to D. hen, OHG. henna, G.
henne, Icel. hna, Dan. höna; the fem. corresponding to AS. hana cock,
D. haan, OHG. hano, G. hahn, Icel. hani, Dan. & Sw. hane. Prob. akin
to L. canere to sing, and orig. meaning, a singer. Cf. Chanticleer.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The female of the domestic fowl; also, the female of grouse,
pheasants, or any kind of birds; as, the heath hen; the gray hen.

Note: Used adjectively or in combination to indicate the female; as,
hen canary, hen eagle, hen turkey, peahen. Hen clam. (Zoöl.) (a) A
clam of the Mactra, and allied genera; the sea clam or surf clam. See
Surf clam. (b) A California clam of the genus Pachydesma.
 -- Hen driver. See Hen harrier (below).
 -- Hen harrier (Zoöl.), a hawk (Circus cyaneus), found in Europe and
America; -- called also dove hawk, henharm, henharrow, hen driver,
and usually, in America, marsh hawk. See Marsh hawk.
 -- Hen hawk (Zoöl.), one of several species of large hawks which
capture hens; esp., the American red-tailed hawk (Buteo borealis),
the red-shouldered hawk (B. lineatus), and the goshawk.

HENBANE
Hen"bane`, n. Etym: [Hen + bane.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Hyoscyamus (H. niger). All parts of the
plant are poisonous, and the leaves are used for the same purposes as
belladonna. It is poisonous to domestic fowls; whence the name.
Called also, stinking nightshade, from the fetid odor of the plant.
See Hyoscyamus.

HENBIT
Hen"bit`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A weed of the genus Lamium (L. amplexicaule) with deeply
crenate leaves.

HENCE
Hence, adv. Etym: [OE. hennes, hens (the s is prop. a genitive
ending; cf. -wards), also hen, henne, hennen, heonnen, heonene, AS.
heonan, heonon, heona, hine; akin to OHG. hinnan, G. hinnen, OHG.
hina, G. hin; all from the root of E. he. See He.]

1. From this place; away. "Or that we hence wend." Chaucer.
Arise, let us go hence. John xiv. 31.
I will send thee far hence unto the Gentiles. Acts xxii. 21.

2. From this time; in the future; as, a week hence. "Half an hour
hence." Shak.

3. From this reason; as an inference or deduction.
Hence, perhaps, it is, that Solomon calls the fear of the Lord the
beginning of wisdom. Tillotson.

4. From this source or origin.
All other faces borrowed hence Their light and grace. Suckling.
Whence come wars and fightings among you Come they not hence, even of
your lusts James. iv. 1.

Note: Hence is used, elliptically and imperatively, for go hence;
depart hence; away; be gone. "Hence with your little ones." Shak.
 -- From hence, though a pleonasm, is fully authorized by the usage
of good writers.
An ancient author prophesied from hence. Dryden.
Expelled from hence into a world Of woe and sorrow. Milton.

HENCE
Hence, v. t.

Defn: To send away. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

HENCEFORTH
Hence`forth", adv.

Defn: From this time forward; henceforward.
I never from thy side henceforth to stray. Milton.

HENCEFORWARD
Hence`for"ward, adv.

Defn: From this time forward; henceforth.

HENCHBOY
Hench"boy`, n.

Defn: A page; a servant. [Obs.]

HENCHMAN
Hench"man, n.; pl. -men. Etym: [OE. hencheman, henxman; prob. fr. OE.
& AS. hengest horse + E. man, and meaning, a groom. AS. hengest is
akin to D. & G. hengst stallion, OHG. hengist horse, gelding.]

Defn: An attendant; a servant; a follower. Now chiefly used as a
political cant term.

HENCOOP
Hen"coop`, n.

Defn: A coop or cage for hens.

HENDE
Hende, a. Etym: [OE., near, handy, kind, fr. AS. gehende near, fr.
hand hand. See Handy.]

1. Skillful; dexterous; clever. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Friendly; civil; gentle; kind. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HENDECAGON
Hen*dec"a*gon, n. Etym: [Gr. hendécagone.] (Geom.)

Defn: A plane figure of eleven sides and eleven angles. [Written also
endecagon.]

HENDECANE
Hen"de*cane, n. Etym: [Gr. "e`ndeka eleven.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon, C11H24, of the paraffin series; -- so called
because it has eleven atoms of carbon in each molecule. Called also
endecane, undecane.

HENDECASYLLABIC
Hen*dec`a*syl*lab"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a line of eleven syllables.

HENDECASYLLABLE
Hen*dec"a*syl`la*ble, n. Etym: [L. hendecasyllabus, Gr.
hendécasyllabe.]

Defn: A metrical line of eleven syllables. J. Warton.

HENDECATOIC
Hen*dec`a*to"ic, a. Etym: [See Hendecane.] (Chem.)

Defn: Undecylic; pertaining to, or derived from, hendecane; as,
hendecatoic acid.

HENDIADYS
Hen*di"a*dys, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: A figure in which the idea is expressed by two nouns connected
by and, instead of by a noun and limiting adjective; as, we drink
from cups and gold, for golden cups.

HENDY
Hen"dy, a. [Obs.]

Defn: See Hende.

HENEN
Hen"en, adv.

Defn: Hence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HENFISH
Hen"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A marine fish; the sea bream.
(b) A young bib. See Bib, n., 2.

HENG
Heng, obs. imp. of Hang.

Defn: Hung. Chaucer.

HEN-HEARTED
Hen"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Cowardly; timid; chicken-hearted. Udall.

HENHOUSE
Hen"house`, n.; pl. Henhouses.

Defn: A house or shelter for fowls.

HENHUSSY
Hen"hus`sy, n.

Defn: A cotquean; a man who intermeddles with women's concerns.

HENIQUEN
He*ni"quen, n.

Defn: See Jeniquen.

HENNA
Hen"na, n. Etym: [Ar. hinna alcanna (Lawsonia inermis or alba). Cf.
Alcanna, Alkanet, Orchanet.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A thorny tree or shrub of the genus Lawsonia (L. alba). The
fragrant white blossoms are used by the Buddhists in religious
ceremonies. The powdered leaves furnish a red coloring matter used in
the East to stain the hails and fingers, the manes of horses, etc.

2. (Com.)

Defn: The leaves of the henna plant, or a preparation or dyestuff
made from them.

HENNERY
Hen"ner*y, n.

Defn: An inclosed place for keeping hens. [U. S.]

HENNES
Hen"nes, adv.

Defn: Hence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HENNOTANNIC
Hen`no*tan"nic, a. Etym: [Henna + tannic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a brown resinous substance
resembling tannin, and extracted from the henna plant; as,
hennotannic acid.

HENOGENY; HENOGENESIS
He*nog"e* ny, Hen`o*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Ontogeny.

HENOTHEISM
Hen"o*the*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. theism.]

Defn: Primitive religion in which each of several divinities is
regarded as independent, and is worshiped without reference to the
rest. [R.]

HENOTIC
He*not"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Harmonizing; irenic. Gladstone.

HENPECK
Hen"peck`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Henpecked; p. pr. & vb. Henpecking.]

Defn: To subject to petty authority; -- said of a wife who thus
treats her husband. Commonly used in the past participle (often
adjectively).

HENRIETTA CLOTH
Hen`ri*et"ta cloth`.

Defn: A fine wide wooled fabric much used for women's dresses.

HENROOST
Hen"roost`, n.

Defn: A place where hens roost.

HENRY
Hen"ry, n.; pl. Henrys. Etym: [From Joseph Henry, an American
physicist.]

Defn: The unit of electric induction; the induction in a circuit when
the electro-motive force induced in this circuit is one volt, while
the inducing current varies at the rate of one ampère a second.

HEN'S-FOOT
Hen's-foot` (, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant (Caucalis daucoides).

HENT
Hent, v. t. [imp. Hente; p. p. Hent.] Etym: [OE. hente, henten, fr.
AS. hentan, gehentan, to pursue, take, seize; cf. Icel. henda, Goth.
hinpan (in compos.), and E. hunt.]

Defn: To seize; to lay hold on; to catch; to get. [Obs.] Piers
Plowman. Spenser.
This cursed Jew him hente and held him fast. Chaucer.
But all that he might of his friendes hente On bookes and on learning
he it spente. Chaucer.

HENWARE
Hen"ware`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A coarse, blackish seaweed. See Badderlocks.

HENXMAN
Henx"man, n.

Defn: Henchman. [Obs.]

HEP
Hep, n.

Defn: See Hip, the fruit of the dog-rose.

HEPAR
He"par, n. Etym: [L. hepar, hepatis, the liver, Gr.

1. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Liver of sulphur; a substance of a liver-brown color, sometimes
used in medicine. It is formed by fusing sulphur with carbonates of
the alkalies (esp. potassium), and consists essentially of alkaline
sulphides. Called also hepar sulphuris (.

2. Any substance resembling hepar proper, in appearance;
specifically, in homeopathy, calcium sulphide, called also hepar
sulphuris calcareum ( Hepar antimonii ( (Old Chem.), a substance, of
a liver-brown color, obtained by fusing together antimony sulphide
with alkaline sulphides, and consisting of sulphantimonites of the
alkalies; -- called also liver of antimony.

HEPATIC
He*pat"ic, a. Etym: [L. hepaticus, Gr. jecur, Skr. yak: cf. F.
hépatique.]

1. Of or pertaining to the liver; as, hepatic artery; hepatic
diseases.

2. Resembling the liver in color or in form; as, hepatic cinnabar.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the plants called Hepaticæ, or
scale mosses and liverworts. Hepatic duct (Anat.), any biliary duct;
esp., the duct, or one of the ducts, which carries the bile from the
liver to the cystic and common bile ducts. See Illust., under
Digestive.
 -- Hepatic gas (Old Chem.), sulphureted hydrogen gas.
 -- Hepatic mercurial ore, or Hepatic cinnabar. See under Cinnabar.

HEPATICA
He*pat"i*ca, n.; pl. Hepaticæ. Etym: [NL. See Hepatic. So called in
allusion to the shape of the lobed leaves or fronds.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of pretty spring flowers closely related to Anemone;
squirrel cup.

2. (bot.)

Defn: Any plant, usually procumbent and mosslike, of the cryptogamous
class Hepaticæ; -- called also scale moss and liverwort. See
Hepaticæ, in the Supplement.

HEPATICAL
He*pat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Hepatic. [R.]

HEPATITE
Hep"a*tite, n. Etym: [L. hepatitis an unknown precious stone, Gr.
hépatite.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of barite emitting a fetid odor when rubbed or
heated.

HEPATITIS
Hep`a*ti"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the liver.

HEPATIZATION
Hep`a*ti*za"tion, n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: Impregnating with sulphureted hydrogen gas. [Obs.]

2. Etym: [Cf. F. hépatisation.] (Med.)

Defn: Conversion into a substance resembling the liver; a state of
the lungs when gorged with effused matter, so that they are no longer
pervious to the air.

HEPATIZE
Hep"a*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hepatized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hepatizing.] Etym: [Gr. hepatite, and (for sense 2) F. hépatiser.]

1. To impregnate with sulphureted hydrogen gas, formerly called
hepatic gas.
On the right . . . were two wells of hepatized water. Barrow.

2. To gorge with effused matter, as the lungs.

HEPATOCELE
He*pat"o*cele, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Hernia of the liver.

HEPATOCYSTIC
Hep`a*to*cys"tic, a. Etym: [Hepatic + cystic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the liver and gall bladder; as, the
hepatocystic ducts.

HEPATOGASTRIC
Hep`a*to*gas"tric, a. Etym: [Hepatic + gastric.] (Anat.)

Defn: See Gastrohepatic.

HEPATOGENIC; HEPATOGENOUS
Hep`a*to*gen"ic, Hep`a*tog"e*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. "h
ar, "h`patos, the liver + root of gi`gnesthai to be born] (Med.)

Defn: Arising from the liver; due to a condition of the liver; as,
hepatogenic jaundice.

HEPATOLOGY
Hep`a*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. "h
ar, "h`patos, the liver + -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of the liver; a treatise on the liver.

HEPATO-PANCREAS
Hep"a*to-pan"cre*as, n. Etym: [Gr. "h
ar, "h`patos, the liver + E. pancreas.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A digestive gland in Crustacea, Mollusca, etc., usually called
the liver, but different from the liver of vertebrates.

HEPATORENAL
Hep`a*to*re"nal, a. Etym: [Hepatic + renal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the liver and kidneys; as, the hepatorenal
ligament.

HEPATOSCOPY
Hep`a*tos"co*py, n. Etym: [Gr. "h
ar, "h`patos, the liver + hépatoscopie.]

Defn: Divination by inspecting the liver of animals.

HEPPELWHITE
Hep"pel*white, a. (Furniture)

Defn: Designating a light and elegant style developed in England
under George III., chiefly by Messrs. A.Heppelwhite & Co.

HEPPEN
Hep"pen, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. gehæp fit, Icel. heppinn lucky, E. happy.]

Defn: Neat; fit; comfortable. [Obs.]

HEPPER
Hep"per, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young salmon; a parr.

HEPTA
Hep"ta. Etym: [See Seven.]

Defn: A combining form from Gr. "epta`, seven.

HEPTACHORD
Hep"ta*chord, n. Etym: [Gr. "epta`xordos seven-stringed; "epta` seven
+ xordh` chord: cf. F. heptacorde. See Seven, and Chord.]

1. (Anc. Mus.)
(a) A system of seven sounds.
(b) A lyre with seven chords.

2. (Anc. Poet.)

Defn: A composition sung to the sound of seven chords or tones. Moore
(Encyc. of Music).

HEPTAD
Hep"tad, n. Etym: [L. heptas the number seven. Gr. "epta` seven.]
(Chem.)

Defn: An atom which has a valence of seven, and which can be
theoretically combined with, substituted for, or replaced by, seven
monad atoms or radicals; as, iodine is a heptad in iodic acid. Also
used as an adjective.

HEPTADE
Hep"tade, n. Etym: [Cf. F. heptade. See Heptad.]

Defn: The sum or number of seven.

HEPTAGLOT
Hep"ta*glot, n. Etym: [Gr. "epta` seven + 3,

Defn: A book in seven languages.

HEPTAGON
Hep"ta*gon, n. Etym: [Gr. "epta` seven + heptagone.] (Geom.)

Defn: A plane figure consisting of seven sides and having seven
angles.

HEPTAGONAL
Hep*tag"o*nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. heptagonal.]

Defn: Having seven angles or sides. Heptagonal numbers (Arith.), the
numbers of the series 1, 7, 18, 34, 55, etc., being figurate numbers
formed by adding successively the terms of the arithmetical series 1,
6, 11, 16, 21, etc.

HEPTAGYNIA
Hep`ta*gyn"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "epta` seven +
heptagunie.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan order of plants having seven pistils.

HEPTAGYNIAN; HEPTAGYNOUS
Hep`ta*gyn"i*an, Hep*tag"y*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. heptagyne.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having seven pistils.

HEPTAHEDRON
Hep`ta*he"dron, n. Etym: [Hepta- + Gr. heptaèdre.] (Geom.)

Defn: A solid figure with seven sides.

HEPTAMEROUS
Hep*tam"er*ous, a. Etym: [Hepta- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Consisting of seven parts, or having the parts in sets of
sevens. Gray.

HEPTANDRIA
Hep*tan"dri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "epta` seven + heptandrie.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan class of plants having seven stamens.

HEPTANDRIAN; HEPTANDROUS
Hep*tan"dri*an, Hep*tan"drous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. heptandre.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having seven stamens.

HEPTANE
Hep"tane, n. Etym: [Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of several isometric hydrocarbons, C7H16, of the
paraffin series (nine are possible, four are known); -- so called
because the molecule has seven carbon atoms. Specifically, a
colorless liquid, found as a constituent of petroleum, in the tar oil
of cannel coal, etc.

HEPTANGULAR
Hep*tan"gu*lar, a. Etym: [Hepta- + angular: cf. F. heptangulaire. Cf.
Septangular.]

Defn: Having seven angles.

HEPTAPHYLLOUS
Hep*taph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Hepta- + Gr. heptaphylle.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having seven leaves.

HEPTARCH
Hep"tarch, n.

Defn: Same as Heptarchist.

HEPTARCHIC
Hep*tar"chic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. heptarchique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a heptarchy; constituting or consisting of
a heptarchy. T. Warton.

HEPTARCHIST
Hep"tarch*ist, n.

Defn: A ruler of one division of a heptarchy. [Written also
heptarch.]

HEPTARCHY
Hep"tarch*y, n. Etym: [Hepta- + -archy: cf. F. heptarchie.]

Defn: A government by seven persons; also, a country under seven
rulers.

Note: The word is most commonly applied to England, when it was
divided into seven kingdoms; as, the Saxon heptachy, which consisted
of Kent, the South Saxons (Sussex), West Saxons (Wessex), East Saxons
(Essex), the East Angles, Mercia, and Northumberland.

HEPTASPERMOUS
Hep`ta*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Hepta- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having seven seeds.

HEPTASTICH
Hep"ta*stich, n. Etym: [Hepta- + Gr. sti`chos line, verse.] (Pros.)

Defn: A composition consisting of seven lines or verses.

HEPTATEUCH
Hep"ta*teuch, n. Etym: [L. heptateuchos, Gr. "epta` seven +
heptateuque.]

Defn: The first seven books of the Testament.

HEPTAVALENT
Hep*tav"a*lent, a. Etym: [Hepta- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Having seven units of attractive force or affinity; -- said of
heptad elements or radicals.

HEPTENE
Hep"tene, n. Etym: [Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Heptylene.

HEPTINE
Hep"tine, n. Etym: [Heptane + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of unsaturated metameric hydrocarbons,
C7H12, of the acetylene series.

HEPTOIC
Hep*to"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, heptane; as, heptoic acid.

HEPTONE
Hep"tone, n. Etym: [Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon, C7H10, of the valylene series.

HEP TREE
Hep" tree`. Etym: [See Hep.]

Defn: The wild dog-rose.

HEPTYL
Hep"tyl, n. Etym: [Hepta- + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound radical, C7H15, regarded as the essential radical of
heptane and a related series of compounds.

HEPTYLENE
Hep"tyl*ene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless liquid hydrocarbon, C7H14, of the ethylene series;
also, any one of its isomers. Called also heptene.

HEPTYLIC
Hep*tyl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, heptyl or heptane; as, heptylic
alcohol. Cf. .

HER
Her, pron. & a. Etym: [OE. hire, here, hir, hure, gen. and dat.
sing., AS. hire, gen. and dat. sing. of héo she. from the same root
as E. he. See He.]

Defn: The form of the objective and the possessive case of the
personal pronoun she; as, I saw her with her purse out.

Note: The possessive her takes the form hers when the noun with which
in agrees is not given, but implied. "And what his fortune wanted,
hers could mend." Dryden.

HER; HERE
Her, Here (, pron. pl. Etym: [OE. here, hire, AS. heora, hyra, gen.
pl. of he. See He.]

Defn: Of them; their. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
On here bare knees adown they fall. Chaucer.

HERACLEONITE
He*rac"le*on*ite, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Heracleon of Alexandria, a Judaizing Gnostic, in
the early history of the Christian church.

HERAKLINE
He*rak"line, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A picrate compound, used as an explosive in blasting.

HERALD
Her"ald, n. Etym: [OE. herald, heraud, OF. heralt, heraut, herault,
F. héraut, LL. heraldus, haraldus, fr. (assumed) OHG. heriwalto,
hariwaldo, a (civil) officer who serves the army; hari, heri, army +
waltan to manage, govern, G. walten; akin to E. wield. See Harry,
Wield.]

1. (Antiq.)

Defn: An officer whose business was to denounce or proclaim war, to
challenge to battle, to proclaim peace, and to bear messages from the
commander of an army. He was invested with a sacred and inviolable
character.

2. In the Middle Ages, the officer charged with the above duties, and
also with the care of genealogies, of the rights and privileges of
noble families, and especially of armorial bearings. In modern times,
some vestiges of this office remain, especially in England. See
Heralds' College (below), and King-at-Arms.

3. A proclaimer; one who, or that which, publishes or announces; as,
the herald of another's fame. Shak.

4. A forerunner; a a precursor; a harbinger.
It was the lark, the herald of the morn. Shak.

5. Any messenger. "My herald is returned." Shak. Heralds' College, in
England, an ancient corporation, dependent upon the crown, instituted
or perhaps recognized by Richard III. in 1483, consisting of the
three Kings-at-Arms and the Chester, Lancaster, Richmond, Somerset,
Windsor, and York Heralds, together with the Earl Marshal. This
retains from the Middle Ages the charge of the armorial bearings of
persons privileged to bear them, as well as of genealogies and
kindred subjects; -- called also College of Arms.

HERALD
Her"ald, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heralded; p. pr. & vb. n. Heralding.]
Etym: [Cf. OF. herauder, heraulder.]

Defn: To introduce, or give tidings of, as by a herald; to proclaim;
to announce; to foretell; to usher in. Shak.

HERALDIC
He*ral"dic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. héraldique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to heralds or heraldry; as, heraldic
blazoning; heraldic language. T. Warton.

HERALDICALLY
He*ral"dic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an heraldic manner; according to the rules of heraldry.

HERALDRY
Her"ald*ry, n.

Defn: The art or office of a herald; the art, practice, or science of
recording genealogies, and blazoning arms or ensigns armorial; also,
of marshaling cavalcades, processions, and public ceremonies.

HERALDSHIP
Her"ald*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a herald. Selden.

HERAPATHITE
Her"a*path*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Dr. Herapath, the discoverer.]
(Chem.)

Defn: The sulphate of iodoquinine, a substance crystallizing in thin
plates remarkable for their effects in polarizing light.

HERAUD
Her"aud, n.

Defn: A herald. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HERB
Herb, n. Etym: [OE. herbe, erbe, OF. herbe, erbe, F. herbe, L. herba;
perh. akin to Gr. forbh` food, pasture, fe`rbein to feed.]

1. A plant whose stem does not become woody and permanent, but dies,
at least down to the ground, after flowering.

Note: Annual herbs live but one season; biennial herbs flower the
second season, and then die; perennial herbs produce new stems year
after year.

2. Grass; herbage.
And flocks Grazing the tender herb. Milton.
Herb bennet. (Bot.) See Bennet.
 -- Herb Christopher (Bot.), an herb (Actæa spicata), whose root is
used in nervous diseases; the baneberry. The name is occasionally
given to other plants, as the royal fern, the wood betony, etc.
 -- Herb Gerard (Bot.), the goutweed; -- so called in honor of St.
Gerard, who used to be invoked against the gout. Dr. Prior.
 -- Herb grace, or Herb of grace. (Bot.) See Rue.
 -- Herb Margaret (Bot.), the daisy. See Marguerite.
 -- Herb Paris (Bot.), an Old World plant related to the trillium
(Paris quadrifolia), commonly reputed poisonous.
 -- Herb Robert (Bot.), a species of Geranium (G. Robertianum.)

HERBACEOUS
Her*ba"ceous, a. Etym: [L. herbaceus grassy. See Herb.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to herbs; having the nature, texture, or
characteristics, of an herb; as, herbaceous plants; an herbaceous
stem.

HERBAGE
Herb"age (; 48), n. Etym: [F. See Herb.]

1. Herbs collectively; green food beasts; grass; pasture. "Thin
herbage in the plaims." Dryden.

2. (Law.)

Defn: The liberty or right of pasture in the forest or in the grounds
of another man. Blount.

HERBAGED
Herb"aged, a.

Defn: Covered with grass. Thomson.

HERBAL
Herb"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to herbs. Quarles.

HERBAL
Herb"al, n.

1. A book containing the names and descriptions of plants. Bacon.

2. A collection of specimens of plants, dried and preserved; a hortus
siccus; an herbarium. Steele.

HERBALISM
Herb"al*ism, n.

Defn: The knowledge of herbs.

HERBALIST
Herb"al*ist, n.

Defn: One skilled in the knowledge of plants; a collector of, or
dealer in, herbs, especially medicinal herbs.

HERBAR
Herb"ar, n.

Defn: An herb. [Obs.] Spenser.

HERBARIAN
Her*ba"ri*an, n.

Defn: A herbalist.

HERBARIST
Herb"a*rist, n.

Defn: A herbalist. [Obs.]

HERBARIUM
Her*ba"ri*um, n.; pl. E. Herbariums, L. Herbaria. Etym: [LL., fr. L.
herba. See Herb, and cf. Arbor, Herbary.]

1. A collection of dried specimens of plants, systematically
arranged. Gray.

2. A book or case for preserving dried plants.

HERBARIZE
Herb"a*rize, v. t.

Defn: See Herborize.

HERBARY
Herb"a*ry, n. Etym: [See Herbarium.]

Defn: A garden of herbs; a cottage garden. T. Warton.

HERBER
Herb"er, n. Etym: [OF. herbier, LL. herbarium. See Herbarium.]

Defn: A garden; a pleasure garden. [Obs.] "Into an herber green."
Chaucer.

HERBERGAGE
Her"berg*age, n. Etym: [See Harborage.]

Defn: Harborage; lodging; shelter; harbor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HERBERGEOUR
Her"ber*geour, n. Etym: [See Harbinger.]

Defn: A harbinger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HERBERGH; HERBERWE
Her"bergh, Her"ber*we (, n. Etym: [See Harbor.]

Defn: A harbor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HERBESCENT
Her*bes"cent, a. Etym: [L. herbescens, p. pr. of herbescere.]

Defn: Growing into herbs.

HERBID
Herb"id, a. Etym: [L. herbidus.]

Defn: Covered with herbs. [Obs.] Bailey.

HERBIFEROUS
Her*bif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Herb + -ferous: cf. F. herbifére.]

Defn: Bearing herbs or vegetation.

HERBIST
Herb"ist, n.

Defn: A herbalist.

HERBIVORA
Her*biv"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. herba herb + vorare to
devour.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division of Mammalia. It formerly included the
Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla, but by
later writers it is generally restricted to the two latter groups
(Ungulata). They feed almost exclusively upon vegetation.

HERBIVORE
Her"bi*vore, n. Etym: [Cf. F. herbivore.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Herbivora. P. H. Gosse.

HERBIVOROUS
Her*biv"o*rous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Eating plants; of or pertaining to the Herbivora.

HERBLESS
Herb"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of herbs or of vegetation. J. Warton.

HERBLET
Herb"let, n.

Defn: A small herb. Shak.

HERBORIST
Her"bo*rist, n. Etym: [F. herboriste.]

Defn: A herbalist. Ray.

HERBORIZATION
Her`bo*ri*za"tion, n. Etym: [F. herborisation.]

1. The act of herborizing.

2. The figure of plants in minerals or fossils.

HERBORIZE
Her"bo*rize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Herborized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Herborizing.] Etym: [F. herboriser, for herbariser, fr. L. herbarium.
See Hebrarium.]

Defn: To search for plants, or new species of plants, with a view to
classifying them.
He herborized as he traveled. W. Tooke.

HERBORIZE
Her"bo*rize, v. t.

Defn: To form the figures of plants in; -- said in reference to
minerals. See Arborized.
Herborized stones contain fine mosses. Fourcroy (Trans.)

HERBOROUGH
Her"bor*ough, n. Etym: [See Harborough, and Harbor.]

Defn: A harbor. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

HERBOSE; HERBOUS
Her*bose", Herb"ous, a. Etym: [L. herbosus: cf. F. herbeux.]

Defn: Abounding with herbs. "Fields poetically called herbose."
Byrom.

HERB-WOMAN
Herb"-wom`an, n.; pl. Herb-women (.

Defn: A woman that sells herbs.

HERBY
Herb"y, a.

Defn: Having the nature of, pertaining to, or covered with, herbs or
herbage. "Herby valleys." Chapman.

HERCOGAMOUS
Her*cog"a*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Not capable of self-fertilization; -- said of hermaphrodite
flowers in which some structural obstacle forbids autogamy.

HERCULEAN
Her*cu"le*an, a. Etym: [L. herculeus, fr. Hercules: cf. F. herculéen.
See Hercules.]

1. Requiring the strength of Hercules; hence, very great, difficult,
or dangerous; as, an Herculean task.

2. Having extraordinary strength or size; as, Herculean limbs.
"Herculean Samson." Milton.

HERCULES
Her"cu*les, n.

1. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: A hero, fabled to have been the son of Jupiter and Alcmena, and
celebrated for great strength, esp. for the accomplishment of his
twelve great tasks or "labors."

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation in the northern hemisphere, near Lyra.
Hercules' beetle (Zoöl.), any species of Dynastes, an American genus
of very large lamellicorn beetles, esp. D. hercules of South America,
which grows to a length of six inches.
 -- Hercules' club. (Bot.) (a) An ornamental tree of the West Indies
(Zanthoxylum Clava-Herculis), of the same genus with the prickly ash.
(b) A variety of the common gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris). Its fruit
sometimes exceeds five feet in length. (c) The Angelica tree. See
under Angelica.
 -- Hercules powder, an explosive containing nitroglycerin; -- used
for blasting.

HERCYNIAN
Her*cyn"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Hercynia silva, Hercynius saltus, the
Hercynian forest; cf. Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an extensive forest in Germany, of which
there are still portions in Swabia and the Hartz mountains.

HERD
Herd, a.

Defn: Haired. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HERD
Herd, n. Etym: [OE. herd, heord, AS. heord; akin to OHG. herta,G.
herde, Icel. hjör, Sw. hjord, Dan. hiord, Goth. haírda; cf. Skr.
çardha troop, host.]

1. A number of beasts assembled together; as, a herd of horses, oxen,
cattle, camels, elephants, deer, or swine; a particular stock or
family of cattle.
The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea. Gray.

Note: Herd is distinguished from flock, as being chiefly applied to
the larger animals. A number of cattle, when driven to market, is
called a drove.

2. A crowd of low people; a rabble.
But far more numerous was the herd of such Who think too little and
who talk too much. Dryden.
You can never interest the common herd in the abstract question.
Coleridge.
Herd's grass (Bot.), one of several species of grass, highly esteemed
for hay. See under Grass.

HERD
Herd, n. Etym: [OE. hirde, herde, heorde, AS. hirde, hyrde, heorde;
akin to G. hirt, hirte, OHG. hirti, Icel. hirir, Sw. herde, Dan.
hyrde, Goth. haírdeis. See 2d Herd.]

Defn: One who herds or assembles domestic animals; a herdsman; --
much used in composition; as, a shepherd; a goatherd, and the like.
Chaucer.

HERD
Herd, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Herded; p. pr. & vb. n. Herding.] Etym:
[See 2d Herd.]

1. To unite or associate in a herd; to feed or run together, or in
company; as, sheep herd on many hills.

2. To associate; to ally one's self with, or place one's self among,
a group or company.
I'll herd among his friends, and seem One of the number. Addison.

3. To act as a herdsman or a shepherd. [Scot.]

HERD
Herd, v. t.

Defn: To form or put into a herd.

HERDBOOK
Herd"book`, n.

Defn: A book containing the list and pedigrees of one or more herds
of choice breeds of cattle; -- also called herd record, or herd
register.

HERDER
Herd"er, n.

Defn: A herdsman. [R.]

HERDERITE
Her"der*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Baron von Herder, who discovered
it.] (Min.)

Defn: A rare fluophosphate of glucina, in small white crystals.

HERDESS
Herd"ess, n.

Defn: A shepherdess; a female herder. Sir P. Sidney. Chaucer.

HERDGROOM
Herd"groom`, n.

Defn: A herdsman. [Obs.]

HERDIC
Her"dic, n. Etym: [Named from Peter Herdic, the inventor.]

Defn: A kind of low-hung cab.

HERDMAN; HERDSMAN
Herd"man, Herds"man, n.; pl. -men (.

Defn: The owner or keeper of a herd or of herds; one employed in
tending a herd of cattle.

HERDSWOMAN
Herds"wom`an, n.; pl. -women (.

Defn: A woman who tends a herd. Sir W. Scott.

HERE
Here, n.

Defn: Hair. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HERE
Here, pron.

1. See Her, their. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Her; hers. See Her. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HERE
Here, adv. Etym: [OE. her, AS. h; akin to OS. h, D. hier, OHG. hiar,
G. hier, Icel. & Goth. h, Dan. her, Sw. här; fr. root of E. he. See
He.]

1. In this place; in the place where the speaker is; -- opposed to
Ant: there.
He is not here, for he is risen. Matt. xxviii. 6.

2. In the present life or state.
Happy here, and more happy hereafter. Bacon.

3. To or into this place; hither. [Colloq.] See Thither.
Here comes Virgil. B. Jonson.
Thou led'st me here. Byron.

4. At this point of time, or of an argument; now.
The prisoner here made violent efforts to rise. Warren.

Note: Here, in the last sense, is sometimes used before a verb
without subject; as, Here goes, for Now (something or somebody) goes;
-- especially occurring thus in drinking healths. "Here's [a health]
to thee, Dick." Cowley. Here and there, in one place and another; in
a dispersed manner; irregularly. "Footsteps here and there."
Longfellow.
 -- It is neither, here nor there, it is neither in this place nor in
that, neither in one place nor in another; hence, it is to no
purpose, irrelevant, nonsense. Shak.

HEREA-BOUT; HEREABOUTS
Here"a-bout`, Here"a*bouts`, adv.

1. About this place; in this vicinity.

2. Concerning this. [Obs.]

HEREAFTER
Here*aft"er, adv. Etym: [AS. hræfter.]

Defn: In time to come; in some future time or state.
Hereafter he from war shall come. Dryden.

HEREAFTER
Here*aft"er, n.

Defn: A future existence or state.
'Tis Heaven itself that points out an hereafter. Addison.

HEREAFTERWARD
Here*aft"er*ward, adv.

Defn: Hereafter. [Obs.]
Thou shalt hereafterward . . . come. Chaucer.

HERE-AT
Here-at", adv.

Defn: At, or by reason of, this; as, he was offended hereat. Hooker.

HEREBY
Here*by", adv.

1. By means of this.
And hereby we do know that we know him. 1 John ii. 3.

2. Close by; very near. [Obs.] Shak.

HEREDITABILITY
He*red`i*ta*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: State of being hereditable. Brydges.

HEREDITABLE
He*red"i*ta*ble, a. Etym: [LL. hereditabilis, fr. hereditare to
inherit, fr. L. hereditas heirship inheritance, heres heir: cf. OF.
hereditable. See Heir, and cf. Heritable.]

1. Capable of being inherited. See Inheritable. Locke.

2. Qualified to inherit; capable of inheriting.

HEREDITABLY
He*red"i*ta*bly, adv.

Defn: By inheritance. W. Tooke.

HEREDITAMENT
Her`e*dit"a*ment, n. Etym: [LL. hereditamentum. See Hereditable.]
(Law)

Defn: Any species of property that may be inherited; lands,
tenements, anything corporeal or incorporeal, real, personal, or
mixed, that may descend to an heir. Blackstone.

Note: A corporeal hereditament is visible and tangible; an
incorporeal hereditament is not in itself visible or tangible, being
an hereditary right, interest, or obligation, as duty to pay rent, or
a right of way.

HEREDITARILY
He*red"i*ta*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: By inheritance; in an hereditary manner. Pope.

HEREDITARY
He*red"i*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. hereditarius, fr. hereditas heirship,
inheritance, fr. heres heir: cf. F. héréditaire. See Heir.]

1. Descended, or capable of descending, from an ancestor to an heir
at law; received or passing by inheritance, or that must pass by
inheritance; as, an hereditary estate or crown.

2. Transmitted, or capable of being transmitted, as a constitutional
quality or condition from a parent to a child; as, hereditary pride,
bravery, disease.

Syn.
 -- Ancestral; patrimonial; inheritable.

HEREDITY
He*red"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. hereditas heirship.] (Biol.)

Defn: Hereditary transmission of the physical and psychical qualities
of parents to their offspring; the biological law by which living
beings tend to repeat their characteristics in their descendants. See
Pangenesis.

HEREFORD
Her"e*ford, n.

Defn: One of a breed of cattle originating in Herefordshire, England.
The Herefords are good working animals, and their beef-producing
quality is excellent.

HEREHENCE
Here"hence`, adv.

Defn: From hence. [Obs.]

HEREIN
Here*in", adv. Etym: [AS. hrinne.]

Defn: In this.
Herein is my Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit. John xv. 8.

HEREINAFTER
Here`in*aft"er, adv.

Defn: In the following part of this (writing, document, speech, and
the like).

HEREINBEFORE
Here`in*be*fore", adv.

Defn: In the preceding part of this (writing, document, book, etc.).

HEREINTO
Here`in*to", adv.

Defn: Into this. Hooker.

HEREMIT; HEREMITE
Her"e*mit, Her"e*mite, n. Etym: [See Hermit.]

Defn: A hermit. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

HEREMITICAL
Her`e*mit"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a hermit; solitary; secluded from society.
Pope.

HEREN
Her"en, a.

Defn: Made of hair. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HEREOF
Here*of", adv.

Defn: Of this; concerning this; from this; hence.
Hereof comes it that Prince Harry is valiant. Shak.

HEREON
Here*on", adv.

Defn: On or upon this; hereupon.

HEREOUT
Here*out", adv.

Defn: Out of this. [Obs.] Spenser.

HERESIARCH
Her"e*si*arch, n. Etym: [L. haeresiarcha, Gr. hérésiarque.]

Defn: A leader in heresy; the chief of a sect of heretics. Bp.
Stillingfleet.

HERESIARCHY
Her"e*si*arch`y, n.

Defn: A chief or great heresy. [R.]
The book itself [the Alcoran] consists of heresiarchies against our
blessed Savior. Sir T. Herbert.

HERESIOGRAPHER
Her`e*si*og"ra*pher, n. Etym: [See Heresiography.]

Defn: One who writes on heresies.

HERESIOGRAPHY
Her`e*si*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. hérésiographie.]

Defn: A treatise on heresy.

HERESY
Her"e*sy, n.; pl. Heresies. Etym: [OE. heresie, eresie, OF. heresie,
iresie, F. hérésie, L. haeresis, Gr.

1. An opinion held in opposition to the established or commonly
received doctrine, and tending to promote a division or party, as in
politics, literature, philosophy, etc.; -- usually, but not
necessarily, said in reproach.
New opinions Divers and dangerous, which are heresies, And, not
reformed, may prove pernicious. Shak.
After the study of philosophy began in Greece, and the philosophers,
disagreeing amongst themselves, had started many questions . . .
because every man took what opinion he pleased, each several opinion
was called a heresy; which signified no more than a private opinion,
without reference to truth or falsehood. Hobbes.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: Religious opinion opposed to the authorized doctrinal standards
of any particular church, especially when tending to promote schism
or separation; lack of orthodox or sound belief; rejection of, or
erroneous belief in regard to, some fundamental religious doctrine or
truth; heterodoxy.
Doubts 'mongst divines, and difference of texts, From whence arise
diversity of sects, And hateful heresies by God abhor'd. Spenser.
Deluded people! that do not consider that the greatest heresy in the
world is a wicked life. Tillotson.

3. (Law)

Defn: An offense against Christianity, consisting in a denial of some
essential doctrine, which denial is publicly avowed, and obstinately
maintained.
A second offense is that of heresy, which consists not in a total
denial of Christianity, but of some its essential doctrines, publicly
and obstinately avowed. Blackstone.

Note: "When I call dueling, and similar aberrations of honor, a moral
heresy, I refer to the force of the Greek Coleridge.

HERETIC
Her"e*tic, n. Etym: [L. haereticus, Gr. hérétique. See Heresy.]

1. One who holds to a heresy; one who believes some doctrine contrary
to the established faith or prevailing religion.
A man that is an heretic, after the first and second admonition,
reject. Titus iii. 10.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: One who having made a profession of Christian belief,
deliberately and pertinaciously refuses to believe one or more of the
articles of faith "determined by the authority of the universal
church." Addis & Arnold.

Syn.
 -- Heretic, Schismatic, Sectarian. A heretic is one whose errors are
doctrinal, and usually of a malignant character, tending to subvert
the true faith. A schismatic is one who creates a schism, or division
in the church, on points of faith, discipline, practice, etc.,
usually for the sake of personal aggrandizement. A sectarian is one
who originates or is an ardent adherent and advocate of a sect, or
distinct organization, which separates from the main body of
believers.

HERETICAL
He*ret"i*cal, a.

Defn: Containing heresy; of the nature of, or characterized by,
heresy.

HERETICALLY
He*ret"i*cal*ly, adv.

Defn: In an heretical manner.

HERETICATE
He*ret"i*cate, v. t. Etym: [LL. haereticatus, p. p. of haereticare.]

Defn: To decide to be heresy or a heretic; to denounce as a heretic
or heretical. Bp. Hall.
And let no one be minded, on the score of my neoterism, to hereticate
me. Fitzed. Hall.

HERETIFICATION
He*ret`i*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of hereticating or pronouncing heretical. London Times.

HERETO
Here*to", adv.

Defn: To this; hereunto. Hooker.

HERETOCH; HERETOG
Her"e*toch, Her"e*tog, n. Etym: [AS. heretoga, heretoha; here army +
teón to draw, lead; akin to OS. heritogo, OHG. herizogo, G. herzog
duke.] (AS. Antiq.)

Defn: The leader or commander of an army; also, a marshal.
Blackstone.

HERETOFORE
Here`to*fore", adv.

Defn: Up to this time; hitherto; before; in time past. Shak.

HEREUNTO
Here`un*to", adv.

Defn: Unto this; up to this time; hereto.

HEREUPON
Here`up*on", adv.

Defn: On this; hereon.

HEREWITH
Here*with", adv.

Defn: With this.

HERIE
Her"ie, v. t. Etym: [See Hery.]

Defn: To praise; to worship. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HERIOT
Her"i*ot, n. Etym: [AS. heregeatu military equipment, heriot; here
army + geatwe, pl., arms, equipments.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: Formerly, a payment or tribute of arms or military
accouterments, or the best beast, or chattel, due to the lord on the
death of a tenant; in modern use, a customary tribute of goods or
chattels to the lord of the fee, paid on the decease of a tenant.
Blackstone. Bouvier. Heriot custom, a heriot depending on usage.
 -- Heriot service (Law), a heriot due by reservation in a grant or
lease of lands. Spelman. Blackstone.

HERIOTABLE
Her"i*ot*a*ble, a.

Defn: Subject to the payment of a heriot. Burn.

HERISSON
Her"is*son, n. Etym: [F. hérisson, prop., hedgehog.] (fort.)

Defn: A beam or bar armed with iron spikes, and turning on a pivot; -
- used to block up a passage.

HERITABILITY
Her`it*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being heritable.

HERITABLE
Her"it*a*ble, a. Etym: [OF. héritable. See Heritage, Hereditable.]

1. Capable of being inherited or of passing by inheritance;
inheritable.

2. Capable of inheriting or receiving by inheritance.
This son shall be legitimate and heritable. Sir M. Hale.
Heritable rights (Scots Law), rights of the heir; rights to land or
whatever may be intimately connected with land; realty. Jacob (Law
Dict.).

HERITAGE
Her"it*age, a. Etym: [OE. heritage, eritage, OF. heritage, eritage,
F. héritage, fr. hériter to inherit, LL. heriditare. See
Hereditable.]

1. That which is inherited, or passes from heir to heir; inheritance.
Part of my heritage, Which my dead father did bequeath to me. Shak.

2. (Script.)

Defn: A possession; the Israelites, as God's chosen people; also, a
flock under pastoral charge. Joel iii. 2.
1 Peter v. 3.

HERITANCE
Her"it*ance, n. Etym: [OF. heritance.]

Defn: Heritage; inheritance. [R.]
Robbing their children of the heritance Their fathers handed down
Southey.

HERITOR
Her"it*or, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. her, fr. L. heres an heir.]

Defn: A proprietor or landholder in a parish. [Scot.]

HERL
Herl, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Harl, 2.

HERLING; HIRLING
Her"ling, Hir"ling (, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The young of the sea trout. [Prov. Eng.]

HERMA
Her"ma, n.; pl. Hermæ. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Hermes,

2.

HERMAPHRODEITY
Her*maph`ro*de"i*ty, n.

Defn: Hermaphrodism. B. Jonson.

HERMAPHRODISM
Her*maph"ro*dism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hermaphrodisme.] (Biol.)

Defn: See Hermaphroditism.

HERMAPHRODITE
Her*maph"ro*dite, n. Etym: [L. hermaphroditus, Gr. Hermaphroditus,
son of Hermes and Aphrodite, when bathing, became joined in one body
with Salmacis, the nymph of a fountain in Caria: cf. F.
hermaphrodite.] (Biol.)

Defn: An individual which has the attributes of both male and female,
or which unites in itself the two sexes; an animal or plant having
the parts of generation of both sexes, as when a flower contains both
the stamens and pistil within the same calyx, or on the same
receptacle. In some cases reproduction may take place without the
union of the distinct individuals. In the animal kingdom true
hermaphrodites are found only among the invertebrates. See Illust. in
Appendix, under Helminths.

HERMAPHRODITE
Her*maph"ro*dite, a.

Defn: Including, or being of, both sexes; as, an hermaphrodite animal
or flower. Hermaphrodite brig. (Naut.) See under Brig. Totten.

HERMAPHRODITIC; HERMAPHRODITICAL
Her*maph`ro*dit"ic, Her*maph`ro*dit"ic*al, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Partaking of the characteristics of both sexes; characterized
by hermaphroditism.
 -- Her*maph`ro*dit"ic*al*ly, adv.

HERMAPHRODITISM
Her*maph"ro*dit*ism, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The union of the two sexes in the same individual, or the
combination of some of their characteristics or organs in one
individual.

HERMENEUTIC; HERMENEUTICAL
Her`me*neu"tic, Her`me*neu"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. herméneutique.]

Defn: Unfolding the signification; of or pertaining to
interpretation; exegetical; explanatory; as, hermeneutic theology, or
the art of expounding the Scriptures; a hermeneutic phrase.

HERMENEUTICALLY
Her`me*neu"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to the principles of interpretation; as, a verse of
Scripture was examined hermeneutically.

HERMENEUTICS
Her`me*neu"tics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science of interpretation and explanation; exegesis; esp.,
that branch of theology which defines the laws whereby the meaning of
the Scriptures is to be ascertained. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

HERMES
Her"mes, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Myth.)

Defn: See Mercury.

Note: Hermes Trismegistus Etym: [Gr. 'Ermh^s trisme`gistos, lit.,
Hermes thrice greatest] was a late name of Hermes, especially as
identified with the Egyptian god Thoth. He was the fabled inventor of
astrology and alchemy.

2. (Archæology)

Defn: Originally, a boundary stone dedicated to Hermes as the god of
boundaries, and therefore bearing in some cases a head, or head and
shoulders, placed upon a quadrangular pillar whose height is that of
the body belonging to the head, sometimes having feet or other parts
of the body sculptured upon it. These figures, though often
representing Hermes, were used for other divinities, and even, in
later times, for portraits of human beings. Called also herma. See
Terminal statue, under Terminal.

HERMETIC; HERMETICAL
Her*met"ic, Her*met"ic*al, a. Etym: [F. hermétique. See Note under
Hermes, 1.]

1. Of, pertaining to, or taught by, Hermes Trismegistus; as, hermetic
philosophy. Hence: Alchemical; chemic. "Delusions of the hermetic
art." Burke.
The alchemists, as the people were called who tried to make gold,
considered themselves followers of Hermes, and often called
themselves Hermetic philosophers. A. B. Buckley.

2. Of or pertaining to the system which explains the causes of
diseases and the operations of medicine on the principles of the
hermetic philosophy, and which made much use, as a remedy, of an
alkali and an acid; as, hermetic medicine.

3. Made perfectly close or air-tight by fusion, so that no gas or
spirit can enter or escape; as, an hermetic seal. See Note under
Hermetically. Hermetic art, alchemy.
 -- Hermetic books. (a) Books of the Egyptians, which treat of
astrology. (b) Books which treat of universal principles, of the
nature and orders of celestial beings, of medicine, and other topics.

HERMETICALLY
Her*met"ic*al*ly, adv.

1. In an hermetical manner; chemically. Boyle.

2. By fusion, so as to form an air-tight closure.

Note: A vessel or tube is hermetically sealed when it is closed
completely against the passage of air or other fluid by fusing the
extremity; -- sometimes less properly applied to any air-tight
closure.

HERMIT
Her"mit, n. Etym: [OE. ermite, eremite, heremit, heremite, F.
hermite, ermite, L. eremita, Gr. Eremite.]

1. A person who retires from society and lives in solitude; a
recluse; an anchoret; especially, one who so lives from religious
motives.
He had been Duke of Savoy, and after a very glorious reign, took on
him the habit of a hermit, and retired into this solitary spot.
Addison.

2. A beadsman; one bound to pray for another. [Obs.] "We rest your
hermits." Shak. Hermit crab (Zoöl.), a marine decapod crustacean of
the family Paguridæ. The species are numerous, and belong to many
genera. Called also soldier crab. The hermit crabs usually occupy the
dead shells of various univalve mollusks. See Illust. of Commensal.
 -- Hermit thrush (Zoöl.), an American thrush (Turdus Pallasii), with
retiring habits, but having a sweet song.
 -- Hermit warbler (Zoöl.), a California wood warbler (Dendroica
occidentalis), having the head yellow, the throat black, and the back
gray, with black streaks.

HERMITAGE
Her"mit*age (; 48), n. Etym: [OE. hermitage, ermitage, F. hermitage,
ermitage. See Hermit.]

1. The habitation of a hermit; a secluded residence.
Some forlorn and naked hermitage, Remote from all the pleasures of
the world. Shak.

2. Etym: [F. Vin de l'Hermitage.]

Defn: A celebrated French wine, both white and red, of the Department
of Drôme.

HERMITARY
Her"mit*a*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. hermitorium, eremitorium.]

Defn: A cell annexed to an abbey, for the use of a hermit. Howell.

HERMITESS
Her"mit*ess, n.

Defn: A female hermit. Coleridge.

HERMITICAL
Her*mit"i*cal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or suited for, a hermit. Coventry.

HERMODACTYL
Her`mo*dac"tyl, n. Etym: [NL. hermodactylus, lit., Hermes' finger;
fr. Gr. (med.)

Defn: A heart-shaped bulbous root, about the size of a finger,
brought from Turkey, formerly used as a cathartic.

HERMOGENIAN
Her`mo*ge"ni*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A disciple of Hermogenes, and heretical teacher who lived in
Africa near the close of the second century. He ha

HERN
Hern, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A heron; esp., the common European heron. "A stately hern."
Trench.

HERNANI
Her*na"ni, n.

Defn: A thin silk or woolen goods, for women's dresses, woven in
various styles and colors.

HERNE
Herne, n. Etym: [AS. hyrne.]

Defn: A corner. [Obs.]
Lurking in hernes and in lanes blind. Chaucer.

HERNIA
Her"ni*a, n.; pl. E. Hernias, L. Herniæ. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: A protrusion, consisting of an organ or part which has escaped
from its natural cavity, and projects through some natural or
accidental opening in the walls of the latter; as, hernia of the
brain, of the lung, or of the bowels. Hernia of the abdominal viscera
in most common. Called also rupture. Strangulated hernia, a hernia so
tightly compressed in some part of the channel through which it has
been protruded as to arrest its circulation, and produce swelling of
the protruded part. It may occur in recent or chronic hernia, but is
more common in the latter.

HERNIAL
Her"ni*al, a.

Defn: Of, or connected with, hernia.

HERNIOTOMY
Her`ni*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [Hernia + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A cutting for the cure or relief of hernia; celotomy.

HERNSHAW
Hern"shaw, n.

Defn: Heronshaw. [Obs.] Spenser.

HERO
He"ro, n.; pl. Heroes. Etym: [F. héros, L. heros, Gr.

1. (Myth.)

Defn: An illustrious man, supposed to be exalted, after death, to a
place among the gods; a demigod, as Hercules.

2. A man of distinguished valor or enterprise in danger, or fortitude
in suffering; a prominent or central personage in any remarkable
action or event; hence, a great or illustrious person.
Each man is a hero and oracle to somebody. Emerson.

3. The principal personage in a poem, story, and the like, or the
person who has the principal share in the transactions related; as
Achilles in the Iliad, Ulysses in the Odyssey, and Æneas in the
Æneid.
The shining quality of an epic hero. Dryden.
Hero worship, extravagant admiration for great men, likened to the
ancient worship of heroes.
Hero worship exists, has existed, and will forever exist, universally
among mankind. Carlyle.

HERODIAN
He*ro"di*an, n. (Jewish Hist.)

Defn: One of a party among the Jews, composed of partisans of Herod
of Galilee. They joined with the Pharisees against Christ.

HERODIONES
He*ro`di*o"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of wading birds, including the herons, storks, and
allied forms. Called also Herodii.
 -- He*ro`di*o"nine, a.

HEROESS
He"ro*ess, n.

Defn: A heroine. [Obs.] Dryden.

HEROIC
He*ro"ic, a. Etym: [F. héroïque, L. heroïcus, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to, or like, a hero; of the nature of heroes;
distinguished by the existence of heroes; as, the heroic age; an
heroic people; heroic valor.

2. Worthy of a hero; bold; daring; brave; illustrious; as, heroic
action; heroic enterprises.

3. (Sculpture & Painting)

Defn: Larger than life size, but smaller than colossal; -- said of
the representation of a human figure. Heroic Age, the age when the
heroes, or those called the children of the gods, are supposed to
have lived.
 -- Heroic poetry, that which celebrates the deeds of a hero; epic
poetry.
 -- Heroic treatment or remedies (Med.), treatment or remedies of a
severe character, suited to a desperate case.
 -- Heroic verse (Pros.), the verse of heroic or epic poetry, being
in English, German, and Italian the iambic of ten syllables; in
French the iambic of twelve syllables; and in classic poetry the
hexameter.

Syn.
 -- Brave; intrepid; courageous; daring; valiant; bold; gallant;
fearless; enterprising; noble; magnanimous; illustrious.

HEROICAL
He*ro"ic*al, a.

Defn: Heroic. [R.] Spectator.
 -- He*ro"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- He*ro"ic*al*ness, n.

HEROICNESS
He*ro"ic*ness, n.

Defn: Heroism. [R.] W. Montagu.

HEROICOMIC; HEROICOMICAL
He`ro*i*com"ic, He`ro*i*com"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. héroïcomigue. See
Heroic, and Comic.]

Defn: Combining the heroic and the ludicrous; denoting high
burlesque; as, a heroicomic poem.

HEROINE
Her"o*ine, n. Etym: [F. héroïne, L. heroina, Gr. Hero.]

1. A woman of an heroic spirit.
The heroine assumed the woman's place. Dryden.

2. The principal female person who figures in a remarkable action, or
as the subject of a poem or story.

HEROISM
Her"o*ism, n. Etym: [F. héroïsme.]

Defn: The qualities characteristic of a hero, as courage, bravery,
fortitude, unselfishness, etc.; the display of such qualities.
Heroism is the self-devotion of genius manifesting itself in action.
Hare.

Syn.
 -- Heroism, Courage, Fortitude, Bravery, Valor, Intrepidity,
Gallantry. Courage is generic, denoting fearlessness or defiance of
danger; fortitude is passive courage, the habit of bearing up nobly
under trials, danger, and sufferings; bravery is courage displayed in
daring acts; valor is courage in battle or other conflicts with
living opponents; intrepidity is firm courage, which shrinks not amid
the most appalling dangers; gallantry is adventurous courage, dashing
into the thickest of the fight. Heroism may call into exercise all
these modifications of courage. It is a contempt of danger, not from
ignorance or inconsiderate levity, but from a noble devotion to some
great cause, and a just confidence of being able to meet danger in
the spirit of such a cause. Cf. Courage.

HEROLOGIST; HEROELOGIST
He`röl"o*gist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who treats of heroes. [R.] T. Warton.

HERON
Her"on, n. Etym: [OE. heiroun, heroun, heron, hern, OF. hairon, F.
héron, OHG. heigir; cf. Icel. hegri, Dan. heire, Sw. häger, and also
G. häher jay, jackdaw, OHG. hehara, higere, woodpecker, magpie, D.
reiger heron, G. reiher, AS. hragra. Cf. Aigret, Egret.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any wading bird of the genus Ardea and allied genera, of the
family Ardeidæ. The herons have a long, sharp bill, and long legs and
toes, with the claw of the middle toe toothed. The common European
heron (Ardea cinerea) is remarkable for its directly ascending
flight, and was formerly hunted with the larger falcons.

Note: There are several common American species; as, the great blue
heron (Ardea herodias); the little blue (A. coerulea); the green (A.
virescens); the snowy (A. candidissima); the night heron or qua-bird
(Nycticorax nycticorax). The plumed herons are called egrets. Heron's
bill (Bot.), a plant of the genus Erodium; -- so called from the
fancied resemblance of the fruit to the head and beak of the heron.

HERONER
Her"on*er, n.

Defn: A hawk used in hunting the heron. "Heroner and falcon."
Chaucer.

HERONRY
Her"on*ry, n.

Defn: A place where herons breed.

HERONSEW
Her"on*sew, n.

Defn: A heronshaw. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HERONSHAW
Her"on*shaw, n. Etym: [OF. heroncel, dim. of héron. See Heron.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A heron. [Written variously hernshaw, harnsey, etc.]

HEROSHIP
He"ro*ship, n.

Defn: The character or personality of a hero. "Three years of
heroship." Cowper.

HERPES
Her"pes, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An eruption of the skin, taking various names, according to its
form, or the part affected; especially, an eruption of vesicles in
small distinct clusters, accompanied with itching or tingling,
including shingles, ringworm, and the like; -- so called from its
tendency to creep or spread from one part of the skin to another.

HERPETIC
Her*pet"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. herpétique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the herpes; partaking of the
nature of herpes; as, herpetic eruptions.

HERPETISM
Her"pe*tism, n. Etym: [See Herpes.] (Med.)

Defn: See Dartrous diathesis, under Dartrous.

HERPETOLOGIC; HERPETOLOGICAL
Her*pet`o*log"ic, Her*pet`o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to herpetology.

HERPETOLOGIST
Her`pe*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in herpetology, or the natural history of reptiles.

HERPETOLOGY
Her`pe*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Written also, but less properly,
erpetology.] Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. herpétologie.]

Defn: The natural history of reptiles; that branch of zoölogy which
relates to reptiles, including their structure, classification, and
habits.

HERPETOTOMIST
Her`pe*tot"o*mist, n.

Defn: One who dissects, or studies the anatomy of, reptiles.

HERPETOTOMY
Her`pe*tot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The anatomy or dissection of reptiles.

HERR
Herr, n.

Defn: A title of respect given to gentlemen in Germany, equivalent to
the English Mister.

HERRENHAUS
Her"ren*haus`, n. [G., House of Lords.]

Defn: See Legislature, Austria, Prussia.

HERRING
Her"ring, n. Etym: [OE. hering, AS. hæring; akin to D. haring, G.
häring, hering, OHG. haring, hering, and prob. to AS. here army, and
so called because they commonly move in large numbers. Cf. Harry.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: One of various species of fishes of the genus Clupea, and
allied genera, esp. the common round or English herring (C. harengus)
of the North Atlantic. Herrings move in vast schools, coming in
spring to the shores of Europe and America, where they are salted and
smoked in great quantities. Herring gull (Zoöl.), a large gull which
feeds in part upon herrings; esp., Larus argentatus in America, and
L. cachinnans in England. See Gull.
 -- Herring hog (Zoöl.), the common porpoise.
 -- King of the herrings. (Zoöl.) (a) The chimæra (C. monstrosa)
which follows the schools of herring. See Chimæra. (b) The opah.

HERRINGBONE
Her"ring*bone", a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, the spine of a herring; especially,
characterized by an arrangement of work in rows of parallel lines,
which in the alternate rows slope in different directions.
Herringbone stitch, a kind of cross-stitch in needlework, chiefly
used in flannel. Simmonds.

HERRNHUTER
Herrn"hut*er, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of the Moravians; -- so called from the settlement of
Herrnhut (the Lord's watch) made, about 1722, by the Moravians at the
invitation of Nicholas Lewis, count of Zinzendorf, upon his estate in
the circle of Bautzen.

HERS
Hers, pron.

Defn: See the Note under Her, pr.

HERSAL
Her"sal, n.

Defn: Rehearsal. [Obs.] Spenser.

HERSCHEL
Her"schel, n. (Astron.)

Defn: See Uranus.

HERSCHELIAN
Her*sche"li*an, a.

Defn: Of or relating to Sir William Herschel; as, the Herschelian
telescope.

HERSE
Herse, n. Etym: [F. herse harrow, portcullis, OF. herce, LL. hercia,
L. hirpex, gen. hirpicis, and irpex, gen. irpicis, harrow. The LL.
hercia signifies also a kind of candlestick in the form of a harrow,
having branches filled with lights, and placed at the head of graves
or cenotaphs; whence herse came to be used for the grave, coffin, or
chest containing the dead. Cf. Hearse.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A kind of gate or portcullis, having iron bars, like a harrow,
studded with iron spikes. It is hung above gateways so that it may be
quickly lowered, to impede the advance of an enemy. Farrow.

2. See Hearse, a carriage for the dead.

3. A funeral ceremonial. [Obs.] Spenser.

HERSE
Herse, v. t.

Defn: Same as Hearse, v. t. Chapman.

HERSELF
Her*self", pron.

1. An emphasized form of the third person feminine pronoun; -- used
as a subject with she; as, she herself will bear the blame; also used
alone in the predicate, either in the nominative or objective case;
as, it is herself; she blames herself.

2. Her own proper, true, or real character; hence, her right, or
sane, mind; as, the woman was deranged, but she is now herself again;
she has come to herself. By herself, alone; apart; unaccompanied.

HERSILLON
Her"sil*lon, n. Etym: [F., fr. herse a harrow. See Herse, n.] (Fort.)

Defn: A beam with projecting spikes, used to make a breach
impassable.

HERT
Hert, n.

Defn: A hart. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HERTE
Her"te, n.

Defn: A heart. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HERTELY
Her"te*ly, a. & adv.

Defn: Hearty; heartily. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HERTZIAN
Hertz"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pert. to the German physicist Heinrich Hertz.

Hertzian telegraphy, telegraphy by means of the Hertzian waves;
wireless telegraphy. -- H. waves, electric waves; -- so called
because Hertz was the first to investigate them systematically. His
apparatus consisted essentially in an oscillator for producing the
waves, and a resonator for detecting them. The waves were found to
have the same velocity as light, and to undergo reflection,
refraction, and polarization.

HERY
Her"y, v. t. Etym: [AS. herian.]

Defn: To worship; to glorify; to praise. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

HERZOG
Her"zog, n. [G., akin to AS. heretoga, lit., army leader. See Harry,
and Duke.]

Defn: A member of the highest rank of nobility in Germany and
Austria, corresponding to the British duke.

HESITANCY
Hes"i*tan*cy, n. Etym: [L. haesitantia a stammering.]

1. The act of hesitating, or pausing to consider; slowness in
deciding; vacillation; also, the manner of one who hesitates.

2. A stammering; a faltering in speech.

HESITANT
Hes"i*tant, a. Etym: [L. haesitans, p. pr. of haesitare: cf. F.
hésitant. See Hesitate.]

1. Not prompt in deciding or acting; hesitating.

2. Unready in speech. Baxter.

HESITANTLY
Hes"i*tant*ly, adv.

Defn: With hesitancy or doubt.

HESITATE
Hes"i*tate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hesitated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hesitating.] Etym: [L. haesitatus, p. p. of haesitare, intens. fr.
haerere to hesitate, stick fast; to hang or hold fast. Cf. Aghast,
Gaze, Adhere.]

1. To stop or pause respecting decision or action; to be in suspense
or uncertainty as to a determination; as, he hesitated whether to
accept the offer or not; men often hesitate in forming a judgment.
Pope.

2. To stammer; to falter in speaking.

Syn.
 -- To doubt; waver; scruple; deliberate; demur; falter; stammer.

HESITATE
Hes"i*tate, v. t.

Defn: To utter with hesitation or to intimate by a reluctant manner.
[Poetic & R.]
Just hint a fault, and hesitate dislike. Pope.

HESITATINGLY
Hes"i*ta`ting*ly, adv.

Defn: With hesitation or doubt.

HESITATION
Hes`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. haesitatio: cf. F. hésitation.]

1. The act of hesitating; suspension of opinion or action; doubt;
vacillation.

2. A faltering in speech; stammering. Swift.

HESITATIVE
Hes"i*ta*tive, a.

Defn: Showing, or characterized by, hesitation.
[He said] in his mild, hesitative way. R. D. Blackmore.

HESITATORY
Hes"i*ta*to*ry, a.

Defn: Hesitating. R. North.

HESP
Hesp, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. hespa a hasp, a wisp or skein. See Hasp.]

Defn: A measure of two hanks of linen thread. [Scot.] [Written also
hasp.] Knight.

HESPER
Hes"per, n. Etym: [See Hesperian.]

Defn: The evening; Hesperus.

HESPERETIN
Hes*per"e*tin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline substance having a sweetish taste,
obtained by the decomposition of hesperidin, and regarded as a
complex derivative of caffeic acid.

HESPERIAN
Hes*pe"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. hesperius, fr. hesperus the evening star,
Gr. Vesper.]

Defn: Western; being in the west; occidental. [Poetic] Milton.

HESPERIAN
Hes*pe"ri*an, n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of a western country. [Poetic] J.
Barlow.

HESPERIAN
Hes*pe"ri*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a family of butterflies called Hesperidæ,
or skippers.
 -- n.

Defn: Any one of the numerous species of Hesperidæ; a skipper.

HESPERID
Hes"per*id, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as 3d Hesperian.

HESPERIDENE
Hes*per"i*dene, n. Etym: [See Hesperidium.] (Chem.)

Defn: An isomeric variety of terpene from orange oil.

HESPERIDES
Hes*per"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The daughters of Hesperus, or Night (brother of Atlas), and
fabled possessors of a garden producing golden apples, in Africa, at
the western extremity of the known world. To slay the guarding dragon
and get some of these apples was one of the labors of Hercules.
Called also Atlantides.

2. The garden producing the golden apples.
It not love a Hercules, Still climbing trees in the Hesperides Shak.

HESPERIDIN
Hes*per"i*din, n. Etym: [See Hesperidium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside found in ripe and unripe fruit (as the orange), and
extracted as a white crystalline substance.

HESPERIDIUM
Hes`pe*rid"i*um, n. Etym: [NL. So called in allusion to the golden
apples of the Hesperides. See Hesperides.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large berry with a thick rind, as a lemon or an orange.

HESPERORNIS
Hes`pe*ror"nis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of large, extinct, wingless birds from the Cretaceous
deposits of Kansas, belonging to the Odontornithes. They had teeth,
and were essentially carnivorous swimming ostriches. Several species
are known. See Illust. in Append.

HESPERUS
Hes"pe*rus, n. Etym: [L. See Hesper.]

1. Venus when she is the evening star; Hesper.

2. Evening. [Poetic]
The Sun was sunk, and after him the Star Of Hesperus. Milton.

HESSIAN
Hes"sian, a.

Defn: Of or relating to Hesse, in Germany, or to the Hessians.
Hessian boots, or Hessians, boot of a kind worn in England, in the
early part of the nineteenth century, tasseled in front. Thackeray.
 -- Hessian cloth, or Hessians, a coarse hempen cloth for sacking.
 -- Hessian crucible. See under Crucible.
 -- Hessian fly (Zoöl.), a small dipterous fly or midge (Cecidomyia
destructor). Its larvæ live between the base of the lower leaves and
the stalk of wheat, and are very destructive to young wheat; -- so
called from the erroneous idea that it was brought into America by
the Hessian troops, during the Revolution.

HESSIAN
Hes"sian, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Hesse.

2. A mercenary or venal person. [U. S.]

Note: This use is a relic of the patriot hatred of the Hessian
mercenaries who served with the British troops in the Revolutionary
War.

3. pl.

Defn: See Hessian boots and cloth, under Hessian, a.

HESSITE
Hess"ite, n. Etym: [After H. Hess.] (Min.)

Defn: A lead-gray sectile mineral. It is a telluride of silver.

HEST
Hest, n. Etym: [AS. hs, fr. h to call, bid. See Hight, and cf.
Behest.]

Defn: Command; precept; injunction. [Archaic] See Behest. "At thy
hest." Shak.
Let him that yields obey the victor's hest. Fairfax.
Yet I thy hest will all perform, at full. Tennyson.

HESTERN; HESTERNAL
Hes"tern, Hes*ter"nal, a. Etym: [L. hesternus; akin to heri
yesterday.]

Defn: Pertaining to yesterday. [Obs.] See Yester, a. Ld. Lytton.

HESYCHAST
Hes"y*chast, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One of a mystical sect of the Greek Church in the fourteenth
century; a quietist. Brande & C.

HETAERA; HETAIRA
He*tæ"ra, He*tai"ra, n.; pl. -ræ (#). [NL. See Hetairism.] (Gr.
Antiq.)

Defn: A female paramour; a mistress, concubine, or harlot. --
He*tæ"ric, He*tai"ric (#), a.

HETAIRISM; HETARISM
He*tair"ism, Het"a*rism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A supposed primitive state of society, in which all the women
of a tribe were held in common. H. Spencer.
 -- Het`a*ris"tic, a.

HETCHEL
Hetch"el, v. t.

Defn: Same as Hatchel.

HETE
Hete, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Hete, later Het.]

Defn: Variant of Hote. [Obs.]
But one avow to greate God I hete. Chaucer.

HETERACANTH
Het"er*a*canth, a. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the spines of the dorsal fin unsymmetrical, or thickened
alternately on the right and left sides.

HETERARCHY
Het"er*arch`y, n. Etym: [Hetero- + -archy.]

Defn: The government of an alien. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

HETERAUXESIS
Het`e*raux*e"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Unequal growth of a cell, or of a part of a plant.

HETERO-
Het"er*o-. Etym: [Gr. "e`teros other.]

Defn: A combining form signifying other, other than usual, different;
as, heteroclite, heterodox, heterogamous.

HETEROCARPISM
Het`er*o*car"pism, n. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The power of producing two kinds of reproductive bodies, as in
Amphicarpæa, in which besides the usual pods, there are others
underground.

HETEROCARPOUS
Het`er*o*car"pous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Characterized by heterocarpism.

HETEROCEPHALOUS
Het`e*ro*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing two kinds of heads or capitula; -- said of certain
composite plants.

HETEROCERA
Het`e*roc"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Lepidoptera, including the moths, and hawk moths,
which have the antennæ variable in form.

HETEROCERCAL
Het`er*o*cer"cal, a. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the vertebral column evidently continued into the upper
lobe of the tail, which is usually longer than the lower one, as in
sharks.

HETEROCERCY
Het"er*o*cer`cy, n. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr. (anat.)

Defn: Unequal development of the tail lobes of fishes; the possession
of a heterocercal tail.

HETEROCHROMOUS
Het`er*o*chro"mous, a. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr. (bot.)

Defn: Having the central florets of a flower head of a different
color from those of the circumference.

HETEROCHRONISM; HETEROCHRONY
Het`er*och"ro*nism, Het`er*och"ro*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: In evolution, a deviation from the typical sequence in the
formation of organs or parts.

HETEROCLITE
Het"er*o*clite, a. Etym: [L. heteroclitus, Gr. hétéroclite.]

Defn: Deviating from ordinary forms or rules; irregular; anomalous;
abnormal.

HETEROCLITE
Het"er*o*clite, n.

1. (Gram.)

Defn: A word which is irregular or anomalous either in declension or
conjugation, or which deviates from ordinary forms of inflection in
words of a like kind; especially, a noun which is irregular in
declension.

2. Any thing or person deviating from the common rule, or from common
forms. Howell.

HETEROCLITIC; HETEROCLITICAL
Het`er*o*clit"ic, Het`er*o*clit"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Heteroclite.]

Defn: Deviating from ordinary forms or rules; irregular; anomalous;
abnormal.

HETEROCLITOUS
Het`er*oc"li*tous, a.

Defn: Heteroclitic. [Obs.]

HETEROCYST
Het"er*o*cyst, n. Etym: [Hetero- + cyst.] (Bot.)

Defn: A cell larger than the others, and of different appearance,
occurring in certain algæ related to nostoc.

HETERODACTYL
Het`er*o*dac"tyl, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Heterodactylous.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Heterodactylæ.

HETERODACTYLAE
Het`e*ro*dac"ty*læ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of birds including the trogons.

HETERODACTYLOUS
Het`er*o*dac"tyl*ous, a. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the first and second toes turned backward, as in the
trogons.

HETERODONT
Het"er*o*dont, a. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the teeth differentiated into incisors, canines, and
molars, as in man; -- opposed to homodont.

HETERODONT
Het"er*o*dont, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any animal with heterodont dentition.

HETERODOX
Het"er*o*dox, a. Etym: [Gr. hétérodoxe.]

1. Contrary to, or differing from, some acknowledged standard, as the
Bible, the creed of a church, the decree of a council, and the like;
not orthodox; heretical; -- said of opinions, doctrines, books, etc.,
esp. upon theological subjects.
Raw and indigested, heterodox, preaching. Strype.

2. Holding heterodox opinions, or doctrines not orthodox; heretical;
-- said of persons. Macaulay.
 -- Het"er*o*dox`ly, adv.
 -- Het"er*o*dox`ness, n.

HETERODOX
Het"er*o*dox, n.

Defn: An opinion opposed to some accepted standard. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

HETERODOXAL
Het"er*o*dox`al, a.

Defn: Not orthodox. Howell.

HETERODOXY
Het"er*o*dox`y, n. Etym: [Gr. hétérodoxie.]

Defn: An opinion or doctrine, or a system of doctrines, contrary to
some established standard of faith, as the Scriptures, the creed or
standards of a church, etc.; heresy. Bp. Bull.

HETERODROMOUS
Het`er*od"ro*mous, a. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Having spirals of changing direction. Gray.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: Moving in opposite directions; -- said of a lever, pulley,
etc., in which the resistance and the actuating force are on opposite
sides of the fulcrum or axis.

HETEROECIOUS
Het`er*o"cious, a. [Hetero- + Gr.  house.] (Bot.)

Defn: Passing through the different stages in its life history on an
alternation of hosts, as the common wheat-rust fungus (Puccinia
graminis), and certain other parasitic fungi; -- contrasted with
autocious. -- Het`er*o"cism (#), n.

HETEROGAMOUS
Het`er*og"a*mous, a. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr. ga`mos marriage: cf. F.
hétérogame.] (Bot. & Biol.)
(a) The condition of having two or more kinds of flowers which differ
in regard to stamens and pistils, as in the aster.
(b) Characterized by heterogamy.

HETEROGAMY
Het`er*og"a*my, n. Etym: [See Heterogamous.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The process of fertilization in plants by an indirect or
circuitous method; -- opposed to orthogamy.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: That form of alternate generation in which two kinds of sexual
generation, or a sexual and a parthenogenetic generation, alternate;
-- in distinction from metagenesis, where sexual and asexual
generations alternate. Claus & Sedgwick.

HETEROGANGLIATE
Het`er*o*gan"gli*ate, a. Etym: [Hetero- + gangliate.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Having the ganglia of the nervous system unsymmetrically
arranged; -- said of certain invertebrate animals.

HETEROGENE
Het"er*o*gene, a.

Defn: Heterogenous. [Obs.]

HETEROGENEAL
Het`er*o*ge"ne*al, a.

Defn: Heterogeneous.

HETEROGENEITY
Het`er*o*ge*ne"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hétérogénéité.]

Defn: The state of being heterogeneous; contrariety.
The difference, indeed the heterogeneity, of the two may be felt.
Coleridge.

HETEROGENEOUS
Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. kin: cf. F. hétérogène.]

Defn: Differing in kind; having unlike qualities; possessed of
different characteristics; dissimilar; -- opposed to homogeneous, and
said of two or more connected objects, or of a conglomerate mass,
considered in respect to the parts of which it is made up.
 -- Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous*ness, n. Heterogeneous nouns (Gram.), nouns
having different genders in the singular and plural numbers; as, hic
locus, of the masculine gender in the singular, and hi loci and hæc
loca, both masculine and neuter in the plural; hoc cælum, neuter in
the singular; hi cæli, masculine in the plural.
 -- Heterogeneous quantities (Math.), such quantities as are
incapable of being compared together in respect to magnitude, and
surfaces and solids.
 -- Heterogeneous surds (Math.), surds having different radical
signs.

HETEROGENESIS
Het`er*o*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Hetero- + genesis.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Spontaneous generation, so called.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: That method of reproduction in which the successive generations
differ from each other, the parent organism producing offspring
different in habit and structure from itself, the original form,
however, reappearing after one or more generations; -- opposed to
homogenesis, or gamogenesis.

HETEROGENETIC
Het`er*o*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to heterogenesis; as, heterogenetic transformations.

HETEROGENIST
Het`er*og"e*nist, n. (Biol.)

Defn: One who believes in the theory of spontaneous generation, or
heterogenesis. Bastian.

HETEROGENOUS
Het`er*og"e*nous, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to heterogenesis; heterogenetic.

HETEROGENY
Het`er*og"e*ny, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Heterogenesis.

HETEROGONOUS
Het`er*og"o*nous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Characterized by heterogony.
 -- Het`er*og"o*nous*ly, adv.

HETEROGONY
Het`er*og"o*ny, n. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The condition of having two or more kinds of flowers, different
as to the length of their stamens and pistils.

HETEROGRAPHIC
Het`er*o*graph"ic, a. Etym: [See Heterography.]

Defn: Employing the same letters to represent different sounds in
different words or syllables; -- said of methods of spelling; as, the
ordinary English orthography is heterographic.

HETEROGRAPHY
Het`er*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Hetero- + -graphy.]

Defn: That method of spelling in which the same letters represent
different sounds in different words, as in the ordinary English
orthography; e. g., g in get and in ginger.

HETEROGYNOUS
Het`er*og"y*nous, a. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having females very unlike the males in form and structure; --
as certain insects, the males of which are winged, and the females
wingless.

HETEROLOGOUS
Het`er*ol"o*gous, a. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr.

Defn: Characterized by heterology; consisting of different elements,
or of like elements in different proportions; different; -- opposed
to homologous; as, heterologous organs. Heterologous stimulus.
(Physiol.) See under Stimulus.
 -- Heterologous tumor (Med.), a tumor differing in structure from
the normal tissues of the body.

HETEROLOGY
Het`er*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Hetero- + -logy.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: The absence of correspondence, or relation, in type of
structure; lack of analogy between parts, owing to their being
composed of different elements, or of like elements in different
proportions; variation in structure from the normal form; -- opposed
to homology.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The connection or relation of bodies which have partial
identity of composition, but different characteristics and
properties; the relation existing between derivatives of the same
substance, or of the analogous members of different series; as,
ethane, ethyl alcohol, acetic aldehyde, and acetic acid are in
heterology with each other, though each in at the same time a member
of a distinct homologous series. Cf. Homology.

HETEROMERA
Het`e*rom"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Coleoptera, having heteromerous tarsi.

HETEROMEROUS
Het`er*om"er*ous, a. Etym: [See Heteromera.]

1. (Chem & Crystallog.)

Defn: Unrelated in chemical composition, though similar or indentical
in certain other respects; as, borax and augite are homoemorphous,
but heteromerous.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: With the parts not corresponding in number.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) Having the femoral artery developed as the principal artery of
the leg; -- said of certain birds, as the cotingas and pipras.
(b) Having five tarsal joints in the anterior and middle legs, but
only four in the posterior pair, as the blister beetles and oil
beetles.

HETEROMORPHIC
Het`er*o*mor"phic, a. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Deviating from the normal, perfect, or mature form; having
different forms at different stages of existence, or in different
individuals of the same species; -- applied especially to insects in
which there is a wide difference of form between the larva and the
adult, and to plants having more than one form of flower.

HETEROMORPHISM; HETEROMORPHY
Het`er*o*mor"phism, Het`er*o*mor"phy, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The state or quality of being heteromorphic.

HETEROMORPHOUS
Het`er*o*mor"phous, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Heteromorphic.

HETEROMYARIA
Het`e*ro*my*a"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of bivalve shells, including the marine mussels, in
which the two adductor muscles are very unequal. See Dreissena, and
Illust. under Byssus.

HETERONEREIS
Het`e*ro*ne*re"is, n. Etym: [NL. See Hetero-, and Nereis.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A free-swimming, dimorphic, sexual form of certain species of
Nereis.

Note: In this state the head and its appendages are changed in form,
the eyes become very large; more or less of the parapodia are highly
modified by the development of finlike lobes, and branchial lamellæ,
and their setæ become longer and bladelike.

HETERONOMOUS
Het`er*on"o*mous, a. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr. no`mos law.]

Defn: Subject to the law of another. Krauth-Fleming.

HETERONOMY
Het`er*on"o*my, n.

1. Subordination or subjection to the law of another; political
subjection of a community or state; -- opposed to autonomy.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: A term applied by Kant to those laws which are imposed on us
from without, or the violence done to us by our passions, wants, or
desires. Krauth-Fleming.

HETERONYM
Het"er*o*nym, n.

Defn: That which is heteronymous; a thing having a different name or
designation from some other thing; -- opposed to homonym.

HETERONYMOUS
Het`er*on"y*mous, a. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr. "o`nyma, for "o`noma a
name.]

Defn: Having different names or designations; standing in opposite
relations. J. Le Conte.
 -- Het"er*on"y*mous*ly, adv.

HETEROOUSIAN
Het`er*o*ou`si*an, a. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr.

Defn: Having different essential qualities; of a different nature.

HETEROOUSIAN
Het`er*o*ou"si*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of those Arians who held that the Son was of a different
substance from the Father.

HETEROOUSIOUS
Het`er*o*ou"si*ous, a.

Defn: See Heteroousian.

HETEROPATHIC
Het`er*o*path"ic, a. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the method of heteropathy; allopathic.

HETEROPATHY
Het`er*op"a*thy, n. Etym: [See Heteropathic.] (Med.)

Defn: That mode of treating diseases, by which a morbid condition is
removed by inducing an opposite morbid condition to supplant it;
allopathy.

HETEROPELMOUS
Het`er*o*pel"mous, a. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having each of the two flexor tendons of the toes bifid, the
branches of one going to the first and second toes; those of the
other, to the third and fourth toes. See Illust. in Append.

HETEROPHAGI
Het`e*roph"a*gi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Altrices.

HETEROPHEMIST
Het`er*oph"e*mist, n.

Defn: One liable to the fault of heterophemy.

HETEROPHEMY
Het`er*oph"e*my, n. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr.

Defn: The unconscious saying, in speech or in writing, of that which
one does not intend to say; -- frequently the very reverse of the
thought which is present to consciousness. R. G. White.

HETEROPHONY
Het`er*oph"o*ny, n. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An abnormal state of the voice. Mayne.

HETEROPHYLLOUS
Het`er*oph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. hétérophylle.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having leaves of more than one shape on the same plant.

HETEROPLASM
Het"er*o*plasm, n. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr.

Defn: An abnormal formation foreign to the economy, and composed of
elements different from those are found in it in its normal
condition. Dunglison.

HETEROPLASTIC
Het`er*o*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Hetero- + -plastic.] (Biol.)

Defn: Producing a different type of organism; developing into a
different form of tissue, as cartilage which develops into bone.
Haeckel.

HETEROPOD
Het`er*o*pod, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hétéropode.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Heteropoda.
 -- a.

Defn: Heteropodous.

HETEROPODA
Het`e*rop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of pelagic Gastropoda, having the foot developed into
a median fin. Some of the species are naked; others, as Carinaria and
Atlanta, have thin glassy shells.

HETEROPODOUS
Het`er*op"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Heteropoda.

HETEROPTER
Het`er*op"ter, n.

Defn: One of the Heteroptera.

HETEROPTERA
Het`e*rop"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Hemiptera, in which the base of the anterior
wings is thickened. See Hemiptera.

HETEROPTICS
Het`er*op"tics, n. Etym: [Hetero- + optics.]

Defn: False optics. Spectator.

HETEROSCIAN
Het`er*os"cian, n. Etym: [Gr. hétéroscien.]

Defn: One who lives either north or south of the tropics, as
contrasted with one who lives on the other side of them; -- so called
because at noon the shadows always fall in opposite directions (the
one northward, the other southward).

HETEROSIS
Het`e*ro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech by which one form of a noun, verb, or
pronoun, and the like, is used for another, as in the sentence: "What
is life to such as me" Aytoun.

HETEROSOMATI
Het`e*ro*so"ma*ti, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes, comprising the flounders, halibut, sole,
etc., having the body and head asymmetrical, with both eyes on one
side. Called also Heterosomata, Heterosomi.

HETEROSPORIC; HETEROSPOROUS
Het`er*o*spor"ic, Het`er*o*spor"ous, a. Etym: [Hetero- + spore.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Producing two kinds of spores unlike each other.

HETEROSTYLED
Het"er*o*styled, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having styles of two or more distinct forms or lengths. Darwin.

HETEROSTYLISM
Het`er*o*sty"lism, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The condition of being heterostyled.

HETEROTACTOUS
Het`er*o*tac"tous, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to, or characterized by, heterotaxy.

HETEROTAXY
Het"er*o*tax`y, n. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Variation in arrangement from that existing in a normal form;
heterogenous arrangement or structure, as, in botany, the deviation
in position of the organs of a plant, from the ordinary or typical
arrangement.

HETEROTOPISM; HETEROTOPY
Het`er*ot"o*pism, Het`er*ot"o*py, n. Etym: [Hetero- + Gr.
hétérotopie.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A deviation from the natural position; -- a term applied in the
case of organs or growths which are abnormal in situation.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A deviation from the natural position of parts, supposed to be
effected in thousands of years, by the gradual displacement of germ
cells.

HETEROTRICHA
Het`e*rot"ri*cha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of ciliated Infusoria, having fine cilia all over
the body, and a circle of larger ones around the anterior end.

HETEROTROPAL; HETEROTROPOUS
Het`er*ot"ro*pal, Het`er*ot"ro*pous (, a. Etym: [Gr. "etero`tropos
turning another way; hétérotrope.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the embryo or ovule oblique or transverse to the
funiculus; amphitropous. Gray.

HETHING
He"thing, n.

Defn: Contempt; scorn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HETMAN
Het"man, n.; pl. Hetmans. Etym: [Pol. hetman. Cf. Ataman.]

Defn: A Cossack headman or general. The title of chief hetman is now
held by the heir to the throne of Russia.

HEUGH
Heugh, n. Etym: [Cf. Hogh.]

1. A crag; a cliff; a glen with overhanging sides. [Scot. & Prov.
Eng.]

2. A shaft in a coal pit; a hollow in a quarry. [Scot.]

HEUK
Heuk, n.

Defn: Variant of Huke. [Obs.]

HEULANDITE
Heu"land*ite, n. Etym: [After Heuland, an English mineralogist.]
(Min.)

Defn: A mineral of the Zeolite family, often occurring in amygdaloid,
in foliated masses, and also in monoclinic crystals with pearly
luster on the cleavage face. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and
lime.

HEURISTIC
Heu*ris"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Serving to discover or find out.

HEVED
Hev"ed, n.

Defn: The head. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HEW
Hew, v. t. [imp. Hewed; p. p. Hewed or Hewn (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hewing.] Etym: [AS. heáwan; akin to D. houwen, OHG. houwan, G. hauen,
Icel. höggva, Sw. hugga, Dan. hugge, Lith. kova battle, Russ. kovate
to hammer, forge. Cf. Hay cut grass, Hoe.]

1. To cut with an ax; to fell with a sharp instrument; -- often with
down, or off. Shak.

2. To form or shape with a sharp instrument; to cut; hence, to form
laboriously; -- often with out; as, to hew out a sepulcher.
Look unto the rock whence ye are hewn. Is. li. 1.
Rather polishing old works than hewing out new. Pope.

3. To cut in pieces; to chop; to hack.
Hew them to pieces; hack their bones asunder. Shak.

HEW
Hew, n.

Defn: Destruction by cutting down. [Obs.]
Of whom he makes such havoc and such hew. Spenser.

HEW
Hew, n.

1. Hue; color. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Shape; form. [Obs.] Spenser.

HEWE
Hewe, n. Etym: [Cf. Hind a peasant.]

Defn: A domestic servant; a retainer. [Obs.] "False homely hewe."
Chaucer.

HEWER
Hew"er, n.

Defn: One who hews.

HEWHOLE
Hew"hole`, n. Etym: [Cf. Hickwall.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European green woodpecker. See Yaffle.

HEWN
Hewn, a.

1. Felled, cut, or shaped as with an ax; roughly squared; as, a house
built of hewn logs.

2. Roughly dressed as with a hammer; as, hewn stone.

HEX-; HEXA
Hex-, Hex"a. Etym: [Gr. Six.]

Defn: A prefix or combining form, used to denote six, sixth, etc.;
as, hexatomic, hexabasic.

HEXABASIC
Hex`a*ba"sic, a. Etym: [Hexa- + basic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having six hydrogen atoms or six radicals capable of being
replaced or saturated by bases; -- said of acids; as, mellitic acid
is hexabasic.

HEXACAPSULAR
Hex`a*cap"su*lar, a. Etym: [Hexa- + capsular.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having six capsules or seed vessels.

HEXACHORD
Hex"a*chord, n. Etym: [Hexa- + Gr. hexacorde.] (Mus.)

Defn: A series of six notes, with a semitone between the third and
fourth, the other intervals being whole tones.

HEXACID
Hex`ac"id, a. Etym: [Hex- + acid.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having six atoms or radicals capable of being replaced by
acids; hexatomic; hexavalent; -- said of bases; as, mannite is a
hexacid base.

HEXACTINELLID
Hex*ac`ti*nel"lid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having six-rayed spicules; belonging to the Hexactinellinæ.

HEXACTINELLINE
Hex*ac`ti*nel"line, a. Etym: [From NL. Hexactinellinæ, fr. Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Hexactinellinæ, a group of sponges, having
six-rayed siliceous spicules.

HEXACTINIA
Hex`ac*tin"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Hex-, and Actinia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Anthozoa.

HEXAD
Hex"ad, n. Etym: [L. hexas, hexadis, the number six, Gr. (chem.)

Defn: An atom whose valence is six, and which can be theoretically
combined with, substituted for, or replaced by, six monad atoms or
radicals; as, sulphur is a hexad in sulphuric acid. Also used as an
adjective.

HEXADACTYLOUS
Hex`a*dac"tyl*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. hexadactyle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having six fingers or toes.

HEXADE
Hex"ade, n. Etym: [See Hexad.]

Defn: A series of six numbers.

HEXADECANE
Hex"a*dec`ane, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Hecdecane.

HEXAGON
Hex"a*gon, n. Etym: [L. hexagonum, Gr. six) + (Geom.)

Defn: A plane figure of six angles. Regular hexagon, a hexagon in
which the angles are all equal, and the sides are also all equal.

HEXAGONAL
Hex*ag"o*nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hexagonal.]

Defn: Having six sides and six angles; six-sided. Hexagonal system.
(Crystal.) See under Crystallization.

HEXAGONALLY
Hex*ag"o*nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In an hexagonal manner.

HEXAGONY
Hex*ag"o*ny, n.

Defn: A hexagon. [Obs.] Bramhall.

HEXAGRAM
Hex"a*gram, n.  [Hexa- + -gram.] A figure of six lines; specif.:
 (a) A figure composed of two equal triangles intersecting so that
each side of one triangle is parallel to a side of the other, and the
six points coincide with those of a hexagon.
 (b) In Chinese literature, one of the sixty-four figures formed of
six parallel lines (continuous or broken), forming the basis of the
Yih King, or "Book of Changes."  S. W. Williams.

HEXAGYNIA
Hex`a*gyn"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. hexagynie.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan order of plants having six pistils.

HEXAGYNIAN; HEXAGYNOUS
Hex`a*gyn"i*an, Hex*ag"y*nous (, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hexagyne.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having six pistils.

HEXAHEDRAL
Hex`a*he"dral, a.

Defn: In the form of a hexahedron; having six sides or faces.

HEXAHEDRON
Hex`a*he"dron, n.; pl. E. Hexahedrons, L. Hexahedra. Etym: [Hexa- +
Gr. hexaèdre.] (Geom.)

Defn: A solid body of six sides or faces. Regular hexahedron, a
hexagon having six equal squares for its sides; a cube.

HEXAHEMERON
Hex`a*hem"er*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. hexaëmeron, Gr.

1. A term of six days. Good.

2. The history of the six day's work of creation, as contained in the
first chapter of Genesis.

HEXAMEROUS
Hex*am"er*ous, a. Etym: [Hexa- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: In six parts; in sixes.

HEXAMETER
Hex*am"e*ter, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. hexamètre. See Six, and Meter.]
(Gr. & Lat. Pros.)

Defn: A verse of six feet, the first four of which may be either
dactyls or spondees, the fifth must regularly be a dactyl, and the
sixth always a spondee. In this species of verse are composed the
Iliad of Homer and the Æneid of Virgil. In English hexameters accent
takes the place of quantity.
Leaped like the | roe when he | hears in the | woodland the | voice
of the | huntsman. Longfellow.
Strongly it | bears us a- | long on | swelling and | limitless |
billows, Nothing be- | fore and | nothing be- | hind but the | sky
and the | ocean. Coleridge.

HEXAMETER
Hex*am"e*ter, a.

Defn: Having six metrical feet, especially dactyls and spondees.
Holland.

HEXAMETRIC; HEXAMETRICAL
Hex`a*met"ric, Hex`a*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Consisting of six metrical feet.

HEXAMETRIST
Hex*am"e*trist, n.

Defn: One who writes in hexameters. "The Christian hexametrists."
Milman.

HEXANDRIA
Hex*an"dri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. hexandrie.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan class of plants having six stamens.

HEXANDRIAN; HEX-ANDROUS
Hex*an"dri*an, Hex-an"drous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hexandre.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having six stamens.

HEXANE
Hex"ane, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of five hydrocarbons, C6H14, of the paraffin series.
They are colorless, volatile liquids, and are so called because the
molecule has six carbon atoms.

HEXANGULAR
Hex*an"gu*lar, a. Etym: [Hex- + angular. Cf. Sexangular.]

Defn: Having six angles or corners.

HEXAPETALOUS
Hex`a*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Hexa- + petal: cf. F. hexapétale.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having six petals.

HEXAPHYLLOUS
Hex*aph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Hexa- + Gr. hexaphylle.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having six leaves or leaflets.

HEXAPLA
Hex"a*pla, n. Etym. pl., but syntactically sing. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A collection of the Holy Scriptures in six languages or six
versions in parallel columns; particularly, the edition of the Old
Testament published by Origen, in the 3d century.

HEXAPOD
Hex"a*pod, a. Etym: [Gr. hexapode.]

Defn: Having six feet.
 -- n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal having six feet; one of the Hexapoda.

HEXAPODA
Hex*ap"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The true, or six-legged, insects; insects other than myriapods
and arachnids.

Note: The Hexapoda have the head, thorax, and abdomen differentiated,
and are mostly winged. They have three pairs of mouth organs, viz.,
mandibles, maxillæ, and the second maxillæ or labial palpi; three
pairs of thoracic legs; and abdominal legs, which are present only in
some of the lowest forms, and in the larval state of some of the
higher ones. Many (the Metabola) undergo a complete metamorphosis,
having larvæ (known as maggots, grubs, caterpillars) very unlike the
adult, and pass through a quiescent pupa state in which no food is
taken; others (the Hemimetabola) have larvæ much like the adult,
expert in lacking wings, and an active pupa, in which rudimentary
wings appear. See Insecta. The Hexapoda are divided into several
orders.

HEXAPODOUS
Hex*ap"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having six feet; belonging to the Hexapoda.

HEXAPTEROUS
Hex*ap"ter*ous, a. Etym: [Hexa- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having six processes. Gray.

HEXASTICH; HEXASTICHON
Hex"a*stich, Hex*as"ti*chon, n. Etym: [L. hexastichus of six rows,
lines, or verses, Gr. "e`x six + sti`chos row, line, verse.]

Defn: A poem consisting of six verses or lines.

HEXASTYLE
Hex"a*style, a. Etym: [Gr. hexastyle.] (Arch.)

Defn: Having six columns in front; -- said of a portico or temple.
 -- n.

Defn: A hexastyle portico or temple.

HEXATEUCH
Hex"a*teuch`, n. Etym: [Hexa- +

Defn: The first six books of the Old Testament.

HEXATOMIC
Hex`a*tom"ic, a. Etym: [Hex- + atomic.] (Chem.)
(a) Having six atoms in the molecule. [R.]
(b) Having six replaceable radicals.

HEXAVALENT
Hex*av"a*lent, a. Etym: [Hexa- + L. valens, -entis, p. pr. See
Valence.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having a valence of six; -- said of hexads.

HEXDECYL
Hex"de*cyl, n. Etym: [Hex- + decyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The essential radical, C16H33, of hecdecane.

HEXDECYLIC
Hex`de*cyl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, hexdecyl or hecdecane; as,
hexdecylic alcohol.

HEXEIKOSANE
Hex*ei"ko*sane, n. Etym: [Hex- + eikosane.] (chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon, C26H54, resembling paraffine; -- so called
because each molecule has twenty-six atoms of carbon. [Written also
hexacosane.]

HEXENE
Hex"ene, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Hexylene.

HEXICOLOGY
Hex`i*col"ogy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of the complex relations of living
creatures to other organisms, and to their surrounding conditions
generally. St. George Mivart.

HEXINE
Hex"ine, n. Etym: [Gr. "e`x six.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon, C6H10, of the acetylene series, obtained
artificially as a colorless, volatile, pungent liquid; -- called also
hexoylene.

HEXOCTAHEDRON
Hex*oc`ta*he"dron, n. Etym: [Hex- + octahedron.] (Geom.)

Defn: A solid having forty-eight equal triangular faces.

HEXOIC
Hex*o"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, hexane; as, hexoic acid.

HEXONE
Hex"one, n. Etym: [Hex- + -one.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon, C6H8, of the valylene series, obtained
from distillation products of certain fats and gums.

HEXOSE
Hex"ose, n.  [Hexa- + -ose.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any member of a group of sugars containing six carbon atoms in
the molecule. Some are widely distributed in nature, esp. in ripe
fruits.

HEXYL
Hex"yl, n. Etym: [Hex- + -yl.] (chem.)

Defn: A compound radical, C6H13, regarded as the essential residue of
hexane, and a related series of compounds.

HEXYLENE
Hex"yl*ene, n. Etym: [Hex- + -yl + ethlene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, liquid hydrocarbon, C6H12, of the ethylene series,
produced artificially, and found as a natural product of distillation
of certain coals; also, any one several isomers of hexylene proper.
Called also hexene.

HEXYLIC
Hex*yl"ic, a. (chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, hexyl or hexane; as, hexylic
alcohol.

HEY
Hey, a. Etym: [See High.]

Defn: High. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HEY
Hey, interj. Etym: [OE. hei; cf. D. & G. hei.]

1. An exclamation of joy, surprise, or encouragement. Shak.

2. A cry to set dogs on. Shak.

HEYDAY
Hey"day`, interj. Etym: [Cf. G. heida, or hei da, D. hei daar. Cf.
Hey, and There.]

Defn: An expression of frolic and exultation, and sometimes of
wonder. B. Jonson.

HEYDAY
Hey"day`, n. Etym: [Prob. for. high day. See High, and Day.]

Defn: The time of triumph and exultation; hence, joy, high spirits,
frolicsomeness; wildness.
The heyday in the blood is tame. Shak.
In the heyday of their victories. J. H. Newman.

HEYDEGUY
Hey"de*guy, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. heyday + guise.]

Defn: A kind of country-dance or round. [Obs.] Spenser.

HEYH; HEYGH
Heyh, Heygh (, a.

Defn: High. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HEYNE
Heyne, n. Etym: [AS. heán low, mean.]

Defn: A wretch; a rascal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HEYTEN
Hey"ten, adv. Etym: [Icel. h.]

Defn: Hence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HIATION
Hi*a"tion, n. Etym: [See Hiatus.]

Defn: Act of gaping. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

HIATUS
Hi*a"tus, n.; pl. L. Hiatus, E. Hiatuses. Etym: [L., fr. hiare,
hiatum, to gape; akin to E. yawn. See Yawn.]

1. An opening; an aperture; a gap; a chasm; esp., a defect in a
manuscript, where some part is lost or effaced; a space where
something is wanting; a break.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: The concurrence of two vowels in two successive words or
syllables. Pope.

HIBERNACLE
Hi*ber"na*cle, n. Etym: [L. hibernaculum a winter residence, pl.
hibernacula winter quarters: cf. F. hibernacle. See Hibernate.]

Defn: That which serves for protection or shelter in winter; winter
quarters; as, the hibernacle of an animal or a plant. Martyn.

HIBERNACULUM
Hi`ber*nac"u*lum, n. Etym: [See Hibernacle.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A winter bud, in which the rudimentary foliage or flower, as of
most trees and shrubs in the temperate zone, is protected by closely
overlapping scales.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A little case in which certain insects pass the winter.

3. Winter home or abiding place. J. Burroughs.

HIBERNAL
Hi*ber"nal, a. Etym: [L. hibernalis, from the root of hiems winter;
akin to Gr. hima cold, winter, snow: cf. F. hibernal.]

Defn: Belonging or relating to winter; wintry; winterish. Sir T.
Browne.

HIBERNATE
Hi"ber*nate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hibernated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hibernating.] Etym: [L. hibernare, hibernatum, fr. hibernu wintry.
See Hibernal.]

Defn: To winter; to pass the season of winter in close quarters, in a
torpid or lethargic state, as certain mammals, reptiles, and insects.
Inclination would lead me to hibernate, during half the year, in this
uncomfortable climate of Great Britain. Southey.

HIBERNATION
Hi`ber*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hibernation.]

Defn: The act or state of hibernating. Evelyn.

HIBERNIAN
Hi*ber"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Hibernia, Ireland.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Hibernia, now Ireland; Irish.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Ireland.

HIBERNICISM; HIBERNIANISM
Hi*ber"ni*cism, Hi*ber"ni*an*ism, n.

Defn: An idiom or mode of speech peculiar to the Irish. Todd.

HIBERNO-CELTIC
Hi*ber"no-Celt"ic, n.

Defn: The native language of the Irish; that branch of the Celtic
languages spoken by the natives of Ireland. Also adj.

HIBISCUS
Hi*bis"cus, n. Etym: [L., marsh mallow; cf. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants (herbs, shrubs, or trees), some species of
which have large, showy flowers. Some species are cultivated in India
for their fiber, which is used as a substitute for hemp. See Althea,
Hollyhock, and Manoe.

HICCIUS DOCTIUS
Hic"ci*us doc"ti*us. Etym: [Corrupted fr. L. hic est doctus this is a
learned man.]

Defn: A juggler. [Cant] hocus pocus Hudibras.

HICCOUGH
Hic"cough, n. Etym: [OE. hickup, hicket, hickock; prob. of imitative
origin; cf. D. & Dan. hik, Sw. hicka, Armor. hak, hik, W. ig, F.
hoquet.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A modified respiratory movement; a spasmodic inspiration,
consisting of a sudden contraction of the diaphragm, accompanied with
closure of the glottis, so that further entrance of air is prevented,
while the impulse of the column of air entering and striking upon the
closed glottis produces a sound, or hiccough. [Written also hickup or
hiccup.]

HICCOUGH
Hic"cough, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hiccoughed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hiccoughing.]

Defn: To have a hiccough or hiccoughs.

HICKORY
Hick"o*ry, n. Etym: [North American Indian pawcohiccora (Capt. J.
Smith) a kind of milk or oily liquor pressed from pounded hickory
nuts. "Pohickory" is named in a list of Virginia trees, in 1653, and
this was finally shortened to "hickory." J. H. Trumbull.] (Bot.)

Defn: An American tree of the genus Carya, of which there are several
species. The shagbark is the C. alba, and has a very rough bark; it
affords the hickory nut of the markets. The pignut, or brown hickory,
is the C. glabra. The swamp hickory is C. amara, having a nut whose
shell is very thin and the kernel bitter. Hickory shad. (Zoöl.) (a)
The mattowacca, or fall herring. (b) The gizzard shad.

HICKSITE
Hicks"ite, n.

Defn: A member or follower of the "liberal" party, headed by Elias
Hicks, which, because of a change of views respecting the divinity of
Christ and the Atonement, seceded from the conservative portion of
the Society of Friends in the United States, in 1827.

HICKUP
Hick"up, n. & v. i.

Defn: See Hiccough.

HICKWALL; HICKWAY
Hick"wall`, Hick"way`, n. Etym: [OE., also hyghwhele, highawe.]

Defn: The lesser spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopus minor) of Europe.
[Prov. Eng.]

HID
Hid,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Hide. See Hidden.

HIDAGE
Hid"age, n. Etym: [From hide a quantity of land.] (O. Eng. Law.)

Defn: A tax formerly paid to the kings of England for every hide of
land. [Written also hydage.]

HIDALGO
Hi*dal"go, n. Etym: [Sp., contr. fr. hijo de algo, i. e., son of
something; hijo son (fr. LL. filius) + algo something, fr. L.
aliquod. Cf. Fidalgo.]

Defn: A title, denoting a Spanish nobleman of the lower class.

HIDDEN
Hid"den, p. p. & a.

Defn: from Hide. Concealed; put out of view; secret; not known;
mysterious. Hidden fifths or octaves (Mus.), consecutive fifths or
octaves, not sounded, but suggested or implied in the parallel motion
of two parts towards a fifth or an octave.

Syn.
 -- Hidden, Secret, Covert. Hidden may denote either known to on one;
as, a hidden disease; or intentionally concealed; as, a hidden
purpose of revenge. Secret denotes that the thing is known only to
the party or parties concerned; as, a secret conspiracy. Covert
literally denotes what is not open or avowed; as, a covert plan; but
is often applied to what we mean shall be understood, without openly
expressing it; as, a covert allusion. Secret is opposed to known, and
hidden to revealed.
Bring to light the hidden things of darkness. 1 Cor. iv. 5.
My heart, which by a secret harmony Still moves with thine, joined in
connection sweet. Milton.
By what best way, Whether of open war, or covert guile, We now
debate. Milton.

HIDDENITE
Hid"den*ite, n. Etym: [After W. E. Hidden.] (Min.)

Defn: An emerald-green variety of spodumene found in North Carolina;
lithia emerald, -- used as a gem.

HIDDENLY
Hid"den*ly, adv.

Defn: In a hidden manner.

HIDE
Hide, v. t. [imp. Hid; p. p. Hidden, Hid; p. pr. & vb. n. Hiding.]
Etym: [OE. hiden, huden, AS. h; akin to Gr. house, hut, and perh. to
E. hide of an animal, and to hoard. Cf. Hoard.]

1. To conceal, or withdraw from sight; to put out of view; to
secrete.
A city that is set on an hill can not be hid. Matt. v. 15.
If circumstances lead me, I will find Where truth is hid. Shak.

2. To withhold from knowledge; to keep secret; to refrain from
avowing or confessing.
Heaven from all creatures hides the book of fate. Pope.

3. To remove from danger; to shelter.
In the time of trouble he shall hide me in his pavilion. Ps. xxvi. 5.
To hide one's self, to put one's self in a condition to be safe; to
secure protection. "A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth
himself." Prov. xxii. 3.
 -- To hide the face, to withdraw favor. "Thou didst hide thy face,
and I was troubled." Ps. xxx. 7.
 -- To hide the face from. (a) To overlook; to pardon. "Hide thy face
from my sins." Ps. li. 9. (b) To withdraw favor from; to be
displeased with.

Syn.
 -- To conceal; secrete; disguise; dissemble; screen; cloak; mask;
veil. See Conceal.

HIDE
Hide, v. i.

Defn: To lie concealed; to keep one's self out of view; to be
withdrawn from sight or observation.
Bred to disguise, in public 'tis you hide. Pope.
Hide and seek, a play of children, in which some hide themselves, and
others seek them. Swift.

HIDE
Hide, n. Etym: [AS. hid, earlier higed; prob. orig., land enough to
support a family; cf. AS. hiwan, higan, members of a household, and
E. hind a peasant.] (O. Eng. Law.)
(a) An abode or dwelling.
(b) A measure of land, common in Domesday Book and old English
charters, the quantity of which is not well ascertained, but has been
differently estimated at 80, 100, and 120 acres. [Written also hyde.]

HIDE
Hide, n. Etym: [OE.hide, hude, AS. h; akin to D. huid, OHG, h, G.
haut, Icel. h, Dan. & Sw. hud, L. cutis, Gr. scutum shield, and E.
sky. .]

1. The skin of an animal, either raw or dressed; -- generally applied
to the undressed skins of the larger domestic animals, as oxen,
horses, etc.

2. The human skin; -- so called in contempt.
O tiger's heart, wrapped in a woman's hide! Shak.

HIDE
Hide, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hided; p. pr. & vb. n. Hiding.]

Defn: To flog; to whip. [Prov. Eng. & Low, U. S.]

HIDEBOUND
Hide"bound`, a.

1. Having the skin adhering so closely to the ribs and back as not to
be easily loosened or raised; -- said of an animal.

2. (Hort.)

Defn: Having the bark so close and constricting that it impedes the
growth; -- said of trees. Bacon.

3. Untractable; bigoted; obstinately and blindly or stupidly
conservative. Milton. Carlyle.

4. Niggardly; penurious. [Obs.] Quarles.

HIDEOUS
Hid"e*ous, a. Etym: [OE. hidous, OF. hidous, hidos, hidus, hisdos,
hisdous, F. hideux: cf. OF. hide, hisde, fright; of uncertain origin;
cf. OHG. egidi horror, or L. hispidosus, for hispidus rough, bristly,
E. hispid.]

1. Frightful, shocking, or offensive to the eyes; dreadful to behold;
as, a hideous monster; hideous looks. "A piteous and hideous
spectacle." Macaulay.

2. Distressing or offensive to the ear; exciting terror or dismay;
as, a hideous noise. "Hideous cries." Shak.

3. Hateful; shocking. "Sure, you have some hideous matter to
deliver." Shak.

Syn.
 -- Frightful; ghastly; grim; grisly; horrid; dreadful; terrible.
 -- Hid"e*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Hid"e*ous*ness, n.

HIDER
Hid"er, n.

Defn: One who hides or conceals.

HIDING
Hid"ing, n.

Defn: The act of hiding or concealing, or of withholding from view or
knowledge; concealment.
There was the hiding of his power. Hab. iii. 4.

HIDING
Hid"ing, n.

Defn: A flogging. [Colloq.] Charles Reade.

HIDROSIS
Hi*dro"sis, n. [Written also, but incorrectly, idrosis.] [NL., fr.
Gr.  to sweat,  sweat.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: Excretion of sweat; perspiration.

2.  (Med.) Excessive perspiration; also, any skin disease
characterized by abnormal perspiration.

HIDROTIC
Hi*drot"ic, a. [Gr.  sudorific.] (Med.)

Defn: Causing perspiration; diaphoretic or sudorific.

HIDROTIC
Hi*drot"ic, n.

Defn: A medicine that causes perspiration; a diaphoretic or a
sudorific.

HIE
Hie, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hied; p. pr. & vb. n. Hying.] Etym: [OE.
hien, hihen, highen, AS. higian to hasten, strive; cf. L. ciere to
put in motion, call upon, rouse, Gr. cite.]

Defn: To hasten; to go in haste; -- also often with the reciprocal
pronoun. [Rare, except in poetry] "My husband hies him home." Shak.
The youth, returning to his mistress, hies. Dryden.

HIE
Hie, n.

Defn: Haste; diligence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HIEMS
Hi"ems, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Winter. Shak.

HIERAPICRA
Hi"e*ra*pi"cra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (med.)

Defn: A warming cathartic medicine, made of aloes and canella bark.
Dunglison.

HIERARCH
Hi"er*arch, n. Etym: [LL. hierarcha, Gr. ishiras vigorous, fresh,
blooming) + hiérarque.]

Defn: One who has high and controlling authority in sacred things;
the chief of a sacred order; as, princely hierarchs. Milton.

HIERARCHAL; HIERARCHIC
Hi"er*arch`al, Hi`er*arch"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a hierarch. "The great hierarchal standard."
Milton.

HIERARCHICAL
Hi`er*arch"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hiérarchique.]

Defn: Pertaining to a hierarchy.
 -- Hi`er*arch`ic*al*ly, adv.

HIERARCHISM
Hi"er*arch`ism, n.

Defn: The principles or authority of a hierarchy.
The more dominant hierarchism of the West. Milman.

HIERARCHY
Hi"er*arch`y, n.; pl. Hierarchies. Etym: [Gr. hiérarchie.]

1. Dominion or authority in sacred things.

2. A body of officials disposed organically in ranks and orders each
subordinate to the one above it; a body of ecclesiastical rulers.

3. A form of government administered in the church by patriarchs,
metropolitans, archbishops, bishops, and, in an inferior degree, by
priests. Shipley.

4. A rank or order of holy beings.
Standards and gonfalons . . . for distinction serve Of hierarchies,
of orders, and degrees. Milton.

HIERATIC
Hi`er*at"ic, a. Etym: [L. hieraticus, Gr. hiératique.]

Defn: Consecrated to sacred uses; sacerdotal; pertaining to priests.
Hieratic character, a mode of ancient Egyptian writing; a modified
form of hieroglyphics, tending toward a cursive hand and formerly
supposed to be the sacerdotal character, as the demotic was supposed
to be that of the people.
It was a false notion of the Greeks that of the three kinds of
writing used by the Egyptians, two -- for that reason called
hieroglyphic and hieratic -- were employed only for sacred, while the
third, the demotic, was employed for secular, purposes. No such
distinction is discoverable on the more ancient Egyptian monuments;
bur we retain the old names founded on misapprehension. W. H. Ward
(Johnson's Cyc.).

HIEROCRACY
Hi`er*oc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Government by ecclesiastics; a hierarchy. Jefferson.

HIEROGLYPH; HIEROGLYPHIC
Hi"er*o*glyph, Hi`er*o*glyph"ic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hiéroglyphe. See
Hieroglyphic, a.]

1. A sacred character; a character in picture writing, as of the
ancient Egyptians, Mexicans, etc. Specifically, in the plural, the
picture writing of the ancient Egyptian priests. It is made up of
three, or, as some say, four classes of characters: first, the
hieroglyphic proper, or figurative, in which the representation of
the object conveys the idea of the object itself; second, the
ideographic, consisting of symbols representing ideas, not sounds, as
an ostrich feather is a symbol of truth; third, the phonetic,
consisting of symbols employed as syllables of a word, or as letters
of the alphabet, having a certain sound, as a hawk represented the
vowel a.

2. Any character or figure which has, or is supposed to have, a
hidden or mysterious significance; hence, any unintelligible or
illegible character or mark. [Colloq.]

HIEROGLYPHIC; HIEROGLYPHICAL
Hi`er*o*glyph"ic, Hi`er*o*glyph"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. hieroglyphicus,
Gr. hiéroglyphique.]

1. Emblematic; expressive of some meaning by characters, pictures, or
figures; as, hieroglyphic writing; a hieroglyphic obelisk.
Pages no better than blanks to common minds, to his, hieroglyphical
of wisest secrets. Prof. Wilson.

2. Resembling hieroglyphics; not decipherable. "An hieroglyphical
scrawl." Sir W. Scott.

HIEROGLYPHICALLY
Hi`er*o*glyph`ic*ally, adv.

Defn: In hieroglyphics.

HIEROGLYPHIST
Hi`er*og"ly*phist, n.

Defn: One versed in hieroglyphics. Gliddon.

HIEROGRAM
Hi"er*o*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. -gram.]

Defn: A form of sacred or hieratic writing.

HIEROGRAMMATIC
Hi`er*o*gram"mat"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hiérogrammatique.]

Defn: Written in, or pertaining to, hierograms; expressive of sacred
writing. Bp. Warburton.

HIEROGRAMMATIST
Hi`er*o*gram"ma*tist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hiérogrammatiste.]

Defn: A writer of hierograms; also, one skilled in hieroglyphics.
Greenhill.

HIEROGRAPHIC; HIEROGRAPHICAL
Hi`er*o*graph"ic, Hi`er*o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. hierographicus,
Gr. hiérographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to sacred writing.

HIEROGRAPHY
Hi`er*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. hiérographie.]

Defn: Sacred writing. [R.] Bailey.

HIEROLATRY
Hi`er*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The worship of saints or sacred things. [R.] Coleridge.

HIEROLOGIC; HIEROLOGICAL
Hi`er*o*log"ic, Hi`er*o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hiérologique.]

Defn: Pertaining to hierology.

HIEROLOGIST
Hi`er*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in, or whostudies, hierology.

HIEROLOGY
Hi`er*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. hiérologie.]

Defn: A treatise on sacred things; especially, the science which
treats of the ancient writings and inscriptions of the Egyptians, or
a treatise on that science.

HIEROMANCY
Hi"er*o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. hiéromantie.]

Defn: Divination by observing the objects offered in sacrifice.

HIEROMARTYR
Hi"er*o*mar`tyr, n. Etym: [Gr. martyr.]

Defn: A priest who becomes a martyr.

HIEROMNEMON
Hi`e*rom*ne"mon, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (gr. Antiq.)

1. The sacred secretary or recorder sent by each state belonging to
the Amphictyonic Council, along with the deputy or minister. Liddel &
Scott.

2. A magistrate who had charge of religious matters, as at Byzantium.
Liddel & Scott.

HIERON
Hi"er*on, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A consecrateo place; esp., a temple.

HIERONYMITE
Hi`er*on"y*mite, n. Etym: [From St. Hieronymus, or Jerome.] (Eccl.)

Defn: See Jeronymite.

HIEROPHANT
Hi*er"o*phant, n. Etym: [L. hierophanta, hierophantes, Gr.
hiérophante.]

Defn: The presiding priest who initiated candidates at the Eleusinian
mysteries; hence, one who teaches the mysteries and duties of
religion. Abp Potter.

HIEROPHANTIC
Hi`er*o*phan"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or relating to hierophants or their teachings.

HIEROSCOPY
Hi`er*os"co*py, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Divination by inspection of entrails of victims offered in
sacrifice.

HIEROTHECA
Hi`er*o*the"ca, n.; pl. -cæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A receptacle for sacred objects.

HIEROURGY
Hi"er*our`gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A sacred or holy work or worship. [Obs.] Waterland.

HIFALUTIN
Hi`fa*lu"tin, n.

Defn: See Highfaluting.

HIGGLE
Hig"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Higgled; p. pr. & vb. n. Higgling.]
Etym: [Cf. Haggle, or Huckster.]

1. To hawk or peddle provisions.

2. To chaffer; to stickle for small advantages in buying and selling;
to haggle.
A person accustomed to higgle about taps. Jeffry.
To truck and higgle for a private good. Emerson.

HIGGLEDY-PIGGLEDY
Hig`gle*dy-pig"gle*dy, adv.

Defn: In confusion; topsy-turvy. [Colloq.] Johnson.

HIGGLER
Hig"gler, n.

Defn: One who higgles.

HIGH
High, v. i. Etym: [See Hie.]

Defn: To hie. [Obs.]
Men must high them apace, and make haste. Holland.

HIGH
High, a. [Compar. Higher; superl. Highest.] Etym: [OE. high, hegh,
hey, heh, AS. heáh, h; akin to OS. hh, OFries. hag, hach, D. hoog,
OHG. hh, G. hoch, Icel. hr, Sw. hög, Dan. höi, Goth. hauhs, and to
Icel. haugr mound, G. hügel hill, Lith. kaukaras.]

1. Elevated above any starting point of measurement, as a line, or
surface; having altitude; lifted up; raised or extended in the
direction of the zenith; lofty; tall; as, a high mountain, tower,
tree; the sun is high.

2. Regarded as raised up or elevated; distinguished; remarkable;
conspicuous; superior; -- used indefinitely or relatively, and often
in figurative senses, which are understood from the connection; as -
(a) Elevated in character or quality, whether moral or intellectual;
preëminent; honorable; as, high aims, or motives. "The highest
faculty of the soul." Baxter.
(b) Exalted in social standing or general estimation, or in rank,
reputation, office, and the like; dignified; as, she was welcomed in
the highest circles.
He was a wight of high renown. Shak.

(c) Of noble birth; illustrious; as, of high family.
(d) Of great strength, force, importance, and the like; strong;
mighty; powerful; violent; sometimes, triumphant; victorious;
majestic, etc.; as, a high wind; high passions. "With rather a high
manner." Thackeray.
Strong is thy hand, and high is thy right hand. Ps. lxxxix. 13.
Can heavenly minds such high resentment show Dryden.

(e) Very abstract; difficult to comprehend or surmount; grand; noble.
Both meet to hear and answer such high things. Shak.
Plain living and high thinking are no more. Wordsworth.

(f) Costly; dear in price; extravagant; as, to hold goods at a high
price.
If they must be good at so high a rate, they know they may be safe at
a cheaper. South.

(g) Arrogant; lofty; boastful; proud; ostentatious; -- used in a bad
sense.
An high look and a proud heart . . . is sin. Prov. xxi. 4.
His forces, after all the high discourses, amounted really but to
eighteen hundred foot. Clarendon.

3. Possessing a characteristic quality in a supreme or superior
degree; as, high (i. e., intense) heat; high (i. e., full or quite)
noon; high (i. e., rich or spicy) seasoning; high (i. e., complete)
pleasure; high (i. e., deep or vivid) color; high (i. e., extensive,
thorough) scholarship, etc.
High time it is this war now ended were. Spenser.
High sauces and spices are fetched from the Indies. Baker.

4. (Cookery)

Defn: Strong-scented; slightly tainted; as, epicures do not cook game
before it is high.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: Acute or sharp; -- opposed to grave or low; as, a high note.

6. (Phon.)

Defn: Made with a high position of some part of the tongue in
relation to the palate, as e (eve), oo (food). See Guide to
Pronunciation, §§ 10, 11. High admiral, the chief admiral.
 -- High altar, the principal altar in a church.
 -- High and dry, out of water; out of reach of the current or tide;
-- said of a vessel, aground or beached.
 -- High and mighty arrogant; overbearing. [Colloq.] -- High art, art
which deals with lofty and dignified subjects and is characterized by
an elevated style avoiding all meretricious display.
 -- High bailiff, the chief bailiff.
 -- High Church, and Low Church, two ecclesiastical parties in the
Church of England and the Protestant Episcopal Church. The high-
churchmen emphasize the doctrine of the apostolic succession, and
hold, in general, to a sacramental presence in the Eucharist, to
baptismal regeneration, and to the sole validity of Episcopal
ordination. They attach much importance to ceremonies and symbols in
worship. Low-churchmen lay less stress on these points, and, in many
instances, reject altogether the peculiar tenets of the high-church
school. See Broad Church.
 -- High constable (Law), a chief of constabulary. See Constable, n.,
2.
 -- High commission court,a court of ecclesiastical jurisdiction in
England erected and united to the regal power by Queen Elizabeth in
1559. On account of the abuse of its powers it was abolished in 1641.
 -- High day (Script.), a holy or feast day. John xix. 31.
 -- High festival (Eccl.), a festival to be observed with full
ceremonial.
 -- High German, or High Dutch. See under German.
 -- High jinks, an old Scottish pastime; hence, noisy revelry; wild
sport. [Colloq.] "All the high jinks of the county, when the lad
comes of age." F. Harrison.
 -- High latitude (Geog.), one designated by the higher figures;
consequently, a latitude remote from the equator.
 -- High life, life among the aristocracy or the rich.
 -- High liver, one who indulges in a rich diet.
 -- High living, a feeding upon rich, pampering food.
 -- High Mass. (R. C. Ch.) See under Mass.
 -- High milling, a process of making flour from grain by several
successive grindings and intermediate sorting, instead of by a single
grinding.
 -- High noon, the time when the sun is in the meridian.
 -- High place (Script.), an eminence or mound on which sacrifices
were offered.
 -- High priest. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- High relief. (Fine Arts) See Alto-rilievo.
 -- High school. See under School. High seas (Law), the open sea; the
part of the ocean not in the territorial waters of any particular
sovereignty, usually distant three miles or more from the coast line.
Wharton.
 -- High steam, steam having a high pressure.
 -- High steward, the chief steward.
 -- High tea, tea with meats and extra relishes.
 -- High tide, the greatest flow of the tide; high water.
 -- High time. (a) Quite time; full time for the occasion. (b) A time
of great excitement or enjoyment; a carousal. [Slang] -- High
treason, treason against the sovereign or the state, the highest
civil offense. See Treason.

Note: It is now sufficient to speak of high treason as treason
simply, seeing that petty treason, as a distinct offense, has been
abolished. Mozley & W.
 -- High water, the utmost flow or greatest elevation of the tide;
also, the time of such elevation.
 -- High-water mark. (a) That line of the seashore to which the
waters ordinarily reach at high water. (b) A mark showing the highest
level reached by water in a river or other body of fresh water, as in
time of freshet.
 -- High-water shrub (Bot.), a composite shrub (Iva frutescens),
growing in salt marshes along the Atlantic coast of the United
States.
 -- High wine, distilled spirits containing a high percentage of
alcohol; -- usually in the plural.
 -- To be on a high horse, to be on one's dignity; to bear one's self
loftily. [Colloq.] -- With a high hand. (a) With power; in force;
triumphantly. "The children of Israel went out with a high hand." Ex.
xiv. 8.(b) In an overbearing manner, arbitrarily. "They governed the
city with a high hand." Jowett (Thucyd. ).

Syn.
 -- Tall; lofty; elevated; noble; exalted; supercilious; proud;
violent; full; dear. See Tall.

HIGH
High, adv.

Defn: In a high manner; in a high place; to a great altitude; to a
great degree; largely; in a superior manner; eminently; powerfully.
"And reasoned high." Milton. "I can not reach so high." Shak.

Note: High is extensively used in the formation of compound words,
most of which are of very obvious signification; as, high-aimed,
high-arched, high-aspiring, high-bearing, high-boasting, high-browed,
high-crested, high-crowned, high-designing, high-engendered, high-
feeding, high-flaming, high-flavored, high-gazing, high-heaped, high-
heeled, high-priced, high-reared, high-resolved, high-rigged, high-
seated, high-shouldered, high-soaring, high-towering, high-voiced,
and the like. High and low, everywhere; in all supposable places; as,
I hunted high and low. [Colloq.]

HIGH
High, n.

1. An elevated place; a superior region; a height; the sky; heaven.

2. People of rank or high station; as, high and low.

3. (Card Playing)

Defn: The highest card dealt or drawn. High, low, jack, and the game,
a game at cards; -- also called all fours, old sledge, and seven up.
 -- In high and low, utterly; completely; in every respect. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
 -- On high, aloft; above.
The dayspring from on high hath visited us. Luke i. 78.
-- The Most High, the Supreme Being; God.

HIGH
High, v. i.

Defn: To rise; as, the sun higheth. [Obs.]

HIGHBINDER
High"bind`er, n.

Defn: A ruffian; one who hounds, or spies upon, another; app. esp. to
the members of certain alleged societies among the Chinese. [U. S.]

HIGH-BLOWN
High"-blown`, a.

Defn: Inflated, as with conceit.

HIGHBORN
High"born`, a.

Defn: Of noble birth. Shak.

HIGHBOY
High"boy`, n.

1. One who lives high; also, in politics, a highflyer.

2.  A kind of set of drawers. [U. S.] "Mahogany highboys glittering
with brass handles."  K. L. Bates.

HIGH-BRED
High"-bred`, a.

Defn: Bred in high life; of pure blood. Byron.

HIGH-BUILT
High"-built`, a.

Defn: Of lofty structure; tall. "High-built organs." Tennyson.
The high-built elephant his castle rears. Creech.

HIGH-CHURCH
High"-church`, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or favoring, the party called the High
Church, or their doctrines or policy. See High Church, under High, a.

HIGH-CHURCHISM
High"-church`ism, n.

Defn: The principles of the high-church party.

HIGH-CHURCHMAN
High"-church`man, n.; pl. -men (.

Defn: One who holds high-church principles.

HIGH-CHURCHMAN-SHIP
High"-church`man-ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a high-churchman. J. H. Newman.

HIGH-COLORED
High"-col`ored, a.

1. Having a strong, deep, or glaring color; flushed. Shak.

2. Vivid; strong or forcible in representation; hence, exaggerated;
as, high-colored description.

HIGH-EMBOWED
High"-em*bowed `, a.

Defn: Having lofty arches. "The high-embowed roof." Milton.

HIGHER CRITICISM
High"er crit"i*cism.

Defn: Criticism which includes the study of the contents, literary
character, date, authorship, etc., of any writing; as, the higher
criticism of the Pentateuch. Called also historical criticism.

The comparison of the Hebrew and Greek texts . . . introduces us to a
series of questions affecting the composition, the editing, and the
collection of the sacred books. This class of questions forms the
special subject of the branch of critical science which is usually
distinguished from the verbal criticism of the text by the name of
higher, or historical, criticism.
W. Robertson Smith.

HIGHERING
High"er*ing, a.

Defn: Rising higher; ascending.
In ever highering eagle circles. Tennyson.

HIGHER THOUGHT
Higher thought.

Defn: See New thought, below.

HIGHER-UP
High"er-up", n.

Defn: A superior officer or official; -- used chiefly in pl. [Slang]

HIGHFALUTING
High`fa*lu"ting, n. Etym: [Perh. a corruption of highflighting.]

Defn: High-flown, bombastic language. [Written also hifalutin.]
[Jocular, U. S.] Lowell.

HIGH-FED
High"-fed`, a.

Defn: Pampered; fed luxuriously.

HIGH-FINISHED
High"-fin`ished, a.

Defn: Finished with great care; polished.

HIGH FIVE
High five.

Defn: See Cinch (the game).

HIGHFLIER
High"fli`er, n.

Defn: One who is extravagant in pretensions, opinions, or manners.
Swift.

HIGH-FLOWN
High"-flown`, a.

1. Elevated; proud. "High-flown hopes." Denham.

2. Turgid; extravagant; bombastic; inflated; as, high-flown language.
M. Arnold.

HIGH-FLUSHED
High"-flushed`, a.

Defn: Elated. Young.

HIGHFLYING
High"fly`ing, a.

Defn: Extravagant in opinions or ambition. "Highflying, arbitrary
kings." Dryden.

HIGH-GO
High"-go`, n.

Defn: A spree; a revel. [Low]

HIGH-HANDED
High"-hand`ed, a.

Defn: Overbearing; oppressive; arbitrary; violent; as, a high-handed
act.

HIGH-HEARTED
High"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Full of courage or nobleness; high-souled.
 -- High"-heart`ed*ness, n.

HIGH-HOE
High"-hoe`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European green woodpecker or yaffle. [Written also high-
hoo.]

HIGH-HOLDER
High"-hold`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The flicker; -- called also high-hole. [Local, U. S.]

HIGHLAND
High"land, n.

Defn: Elevated or mountainous land; (often in the pl.) an elevated
region or country; as, the Highlands of Scotland. Highland fling, a
dance peculiar to the Scottish Highlanders; a sort of hornpipe.

HIGHLANDER
High"land*er, n.

Defn: An inhabitant of highlands, especially of the Highlands of
Scotland.

HIGHLANDRY
High"land*ry, n.

Defn: Highlanders, collectively.

HIGH-LOW
High"-low`, n.

Defn: A laced boot, ankle high.

HIGHLY
High"ly, adv.

Defn: In a high manner, or to a high degree; very much; as, highly
esteemed.

HIGHMEN
High"men, n. pl.

Defn: Loaded dice so contrived as to turn up high numbers. [Obs] Sir
J. Harrington.

HIGH-METTLED
High"-met`tled, a.

Defn: Having abundance of mettle; ardent; full of fire; as, a high-
mettled steed.

HIGH-MINDED
High"-mind"ed, a.

1. Proud; arrogant. [Obs.]
Be not high-minded, but fear. Rom. xi. 20.

2. Having, or characterized by, honorable pride; of or pertaining to
elevated principles and feelings; magnanimous; -- opposed to mean.
High-minded, manly recognition of those truths. A. Norton.

HIGH-MINDEDNESS
High"-mind`ed*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being highminded; nobleness; magnanimity.

HIGHMOST
High"most`, a.

Defn: Highest. [Obs.] Shak.

HIGHNESS
High"ness, n. Etym: [AS. heáhnes.]

1. The state of being high; elevation; loftiness.

2. A title of honor given to kings, princes, or other persons of
rank; as, His Royal Highness. Shak.

HIGH-PALMED
High"-palmed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having high antlers; bearing full-grown antlers aloft.

HIGH-PRESSURE
High"-pres`sure, a.

1. Having or involving a pressure greatly exceeding that of the
atmosphere; -- said of steam, air, water, etc., and of steam, air, or
hydraulic engines, water wheels, etc.

2. Fig.: Urgent; intense; as, a high-pressure business or social
life. High-pressure engine, an engine in which steam at high pressure
is used. It may be either a condensing or a noncondensing engine.
Formerly the term was used only of the latter. See Steam engine.

HIGH PRIEST
High" priest`. (Eccl.)

Defn: A chief priest; esp., the head of the Jewish priesthood.

HIGH-PRIESTHOOD
High"-priest`hood, n.

Defn: The office, dignity, or position of a high priest.

HIGH-PRIESTSHIP
High"-priest`ship, n.

Defn: High-priesthood.

HIGH-PRINCIPLED
High"-prin`ci*pled, a.

Defn: Possessed of noble or honorable principles.

HIGH-PROOF
High"-proof`, a.

1. Highly rectified; very strongly alcoholic; as, high-proof spirits.

2. So as to stand any test. "We are high-proof melancholy." Shak.

HIGH-RAISED
High"-raised`, a.

1. Elevated; raised aloft; upreared.

2. Elated with great ideas or hopes. Milton.

HIGH-REACHING
High"-reach`ing, a.

Defn: Reaching high or upward; hence, ambitious; aspiring. Shak.

HIGH-RED
High"-red`, a.

Defn: Of a strong red color.

HIGHROAD
High"road`, n.

Defn: A highway; a much travele

HIGH-SEASONED
High"-sea`soned, a.

Defn: Enriched with spice and condiments; hence, exciting; piquant.

HIGH-SIGHTED
High"-sight`ed, a.

Defn: Looking upward; supercilious. Shak.

HIGH-SOULED
High"-souled`, a.

Defn: Having a high or noble spirit; honorable. E. Everett.

HIGH-SOUNDING
High"-sound`ing, a.

Defn: Pompous; noisy; ostentatious; as, high-sounding words or
titles.

HIGH-SPIRITED
High"-spir`it*ed, a.

Defn: Full of spirit or natural fire; haughty; courageous; impetuous;
not brooking restraint or opposition.

HIGH STEEL
High steel.

Defn: Steel containing a high percentage of carbon; high-carbon
steel.

HIGH-STEPPER
High"-step`per, n.

Defn: A horse that moves with a high step or proud gait; hence, a
person having a proud bearing. [Colloq.]

HIGH-STOMACHED
High"-stom`ached, a.

Defn: Having a lofty spirit; haughty. [Obs.] Shak.

HIGH-STRUNG
High"-strung`, a.

Defn: Strung to a high pitch; spirited; sensitive; as, a high-strung
horse.

HIGH-SWELLING
High"-swell`ing, a.

Defn: Inflated; boastful.

HIGHT
Hight, n.

Defn: A variant of Height.

HIGHT
Hight, v. t. & i. [imp. Hight, Hot (, p. p. Hight, Hote (Hoten
(Hote.] Etym: [OE. heiten, highten, haten, hoten; also hight, hatte,
hette, is called, was called, AS. hatan to call, name, be called, to
command, promise; also hatte is called, was called; akin to G.
heissen to call, be called, bid, Goth. haitan to call, in the
passive, to be called.]

1. To be called or named. [Archaic & Poetic.]

Note: In the form hight, it is used in a passive sense as a present,
meaning is called or named, also as a preterite, was called or named.
This form has also been used as a past participle. See Hote.
The great poet of Italy, That highte Dante. Chaucer.
Bright was her hue, and Geraldine she hight. Surrey.
Entered then into the church the Reverend Teacher. Father he hight,
and he was, in the parish. Longfellow.
Childe Harold was he hight. Byron.

2. To command; to direct; to impel. [Obs.]
But the sad steel seized not where it was hight Upon the child, but
somewhat short did fall. Spenser.

3. To commit; to intrust. [Obs.]
Yet charge of them was to a porter hight. Spenser.

4. To promise. [Obs.]
He had hold his day, as he had hight. Chaucer.

HIGHTENER
Hight"en*er, n.

Defn: That which heightens.

HIGHTH
Highth (hith or hitth), n.

Defn: Variant of Height. [Obs.]

HIGH-TONED
High"-toned`, a.

1. High in tone or sound.

2. Elevated; high-principled; honorable.
In whose high-toned impartial mind Degrees of mortal rank and state
Seem objects of indifferent weight. Sir W. Scott.

HIGH-TOP
High"-top`, n.

Defn: A ship's masthead. Shak.

HIGHTY-TIGHTY
High"ty-tigh"ty, a.

Defn: Hoity-toity.

HIGHWAY
High"way`, n.

Defn: A road or way open to the use of the public; a main road or
thoroughfare.

Syn.
 -- Way; road; path; course.

HIGHWAYMAN
High"way`man, n.; pl. Highwaymen (.

Defn: One who robs on the public road; a highway robber.

HIGH-WROUGHT
High"-wrought`, a.

1. Wrought with fine art or skill; elaborate. [Obs.] Pope.

2. Worked up, or swollen, to a high degree; as, a highwrought
passion. "A high-wrought flood." Shak.

HIGRE
Hi"gre, n.

Defn: See Eagre. [Obs.] Drayton.

HIG-TAPER
Hig"-ta`per, n. Etym: [Cf. Hag-taper.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Verbascum (V. Thapsus); the common
mullein. [Also high-taper and hag-taper.]

HIJERA; HIJRA
Hij"e*ra, Hij"ra (, n.

Defn: See Hegira.

HIKE
Hike, v. i.

Defn: To hike one's self; specif., to go with exertion or effort; to
tramp; to march laboriously. [Dial. or Colloq.] "If you persist in
heaving and hiking like this."  Kipling.

It's hike, hike, hike (march) till you stick in the mud, and then you
hike back again a little slower than you went.
Scribner's Mag.

HIKE
Hike, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Hiked; p. pr. & vb. n. Hiking.] [Cf.
Hitch.]

Defn: To move with a swing, toss, throw, jerk, or the like. [Dial. or
Colloq.]

HIKE
Hike, n.

Defn: The act of hiking; a tramp; a march. [Dial. or Colloq.]

With every hike there's a few laid out with their hands crossed.
Scribner's Mag.

HILAL
Hi"lal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a hilum.

HILAR
Hi"lar, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to the hilum.

HILARIOUS
Hi*la"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. hilaris, hilarus, Gr.

Defn: Mirthful; noisy; merry.

HILARITY
Hi*lar"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. hilaritas: cf. F. hilarité. See Hilarious.]

Defn: Boisterous mirth; merriment; jollity. Goldsmith.

Note: Hilarity differs from joy: the latter, excited by good news or
prosperity, is an affection of the mind; the former, produced by
social pleasure, drinking, etc., which rouse the animal spirits, is
more demonstrative.

Syn.
 -- Glee; cheerfulness; mirth; merriment; gayety; joyousness;
exhilaration; joviality; jollity.

HILARY TERM
Hil"a*ry term`.

Defn: Formerly, one of the four terms of the courts of common law in
England, beginning on the eleventh of January and ending on the
thirty-first of the same month, in each year; -- so called from the
festival of St. Hilary, January 13th.

Note: The Hilary term is superseded by the Hilary sittings, which
commence on the eleventh of January and end on the Wednesday before
Easter. Mozley & W.

HILDING
Hil"ding, n. Etym: [Prob. a corruption of hindling, dim. of hind,
adj. Cf. Prov. E. hilderling, hinderling. See Hinderling.]

Defn: A base, menial wretch.
 -- a.

Defn: Base; spiritless. [Obs.] Shak.

HILE
Hile, v. t.

Defn: To hide. See Hele. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HILE
Hile, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Hilum.

HILL
Hill, n. Etym: [OE. hil, hul, AS. hyll; akin to OD. hille, hil, L.
collis, and prob. to E. haulm, holm, and column. Cf. 2d Holm.]

1. A natural elevation of land, or a mass of earth rising above the
common level of the surrounding land; an eminence less than a
mountain.
Every mountain and hill shall be made low. Is. xl. 4.

2. The earth raised about the roots of a plant or cluster of plants.
[U. S.] See Hill, v. t.

3. A single cluster or group of plants growing close together, and
having the earth heaped up about them; as, a hill of corn or
potatoes. [U. S.] Hill ant (Zoöl.), a common ant (Formica rufa), of
Europe and America, which makes mounds or ant-hills over its nests.
 -- Hill myna (Zoöl.), one of several species of birds of India, of
the genus Gracula, and allied to the starlings. They are easily
taught to speak many words. [Written also hill mynah.] See Myna.
 -- Hill partridge (Zoöl.), a partridge of the genus Aborophila, of
which numerous species in habit Southern Asia and the East Indies.
 -- Hill tit (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of small Asiatic
singing birds of the family Leiotrichidæ. Many are beautifully
colored.

HILL
Hill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Hilling.]

Defn: To surround with earth; to heap or draw earth around or upon;
as, to hill corn.
Showing them how to plant and hill it. Palfrey.

HILLINESS
Hill"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being hilly.

HILLING
Hill"ing, n.

Defn: The act or process of heaping or drawing earth around plants.

HILLOCK
Hill"ock, n.

Defn: A small hill. Shak.

HILLSIDE
Hill"side`, n.

Defn: The side or declivity of a hill.

HILLTOP
Hill"top`, n.

Defn: The top of a hill.

HILLY
Hill"y, a.

1. Abounding with hills; uneven in surface; as, a hilly country.
"Hilly steep." Dryden.

2. Lofty; as, hilly empire. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

HILT
Hilt, n. Etym: [AS. hilt, hilte; akin to OHG. helza, Prov. G. hilze,
Icel. hjalt.]

1. A handle; especially, the handle of a sword, dagger, or the like.

HILTED
Hilt"ed, a.

Defn: Having a hilt; -- used in composition; as, basket-hilted,
cross-hilted.

HILUM
Hi"lum, n. Etym: [L., a little thing, trifle.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The eye of a bean or other seed; the mark or scar at the point
of attachment of an ovule or seed to its base or support; -- called
also hile.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The part of a gland, or similar organ, where the blood vessels
and nerves enter; the hilus; as, the hilum of the kidney.

HILUS
Hi"lus, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Hilum, 2.

HIM
Him, pron.

Defn: Them. See Hem. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HIM
Him, pron. Etym: [AS. him, dat. of he. sq. root183. See He.]

Defn: The objective case of he. See He.
Him that is weak in the faith receive. Rom. xiv. 1.
Friends who have given him the most sympathy. Thackeray.

Note: In old English his and him were respectively the genitive and
dative forms of it as well as of he. This use is now obsolete.
Poetically, him is sometimes used with the reflexive sense of
himself.
I never saw but Humphrey, duke of Gloster, Did bear him like a noble
gentleman. Shak.

HIMALAYAN
Hi*ma"la*yan, a. Etym: [Skr. himalaya, prop., the abode of snow.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Himalayas, the great mountain chain in
Hindostan.

HIMPNE
Himp"ne, n.

Defn: A hymn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HIMSELF
Him*self", pron.

1. An emphasized form of the third person masculine pronoun; -- used
as a subject usually with he; as, he himself will bear the blame;
used alone in the predicate, either in the nominative or objective
case; as, it is himself who saved himself.
But he himself returned from the quarries. Judges iii. 19.
David hid himself in the field. 1 Sam. xx. 24.
The Lord himself shall give you a sign. Is. vii. 14.
Who gave himself for us, that he might . . . purify unto himself a
peculiar people. Titus ii. 14.
With shame remembers, while himself was one Of the same herd, himself
the same had done. Denham.

Note: Himself was formerly used instead of itself. See Note under
Him.
It comprehendeth in himself all good. Chaucer.

2. One's true or real character; one's natural temper and
disposition; the state of being in one's right or sane mind (after
unconsciousness, passion, delirium, or abasement); as, the man has
come to himself. By himself, alone; unaccompanied; apart;
sequestered; as, he sits or studies by himself.
 -- To leave one to himself, to withdraw from him; to let him take
his own course.

HIMSELF; HIMSELVE; HIMSELVEN
Him*self", Him*selve" (, Him*selv"en (pron. pl.

Defn: Themselves. See Hemself. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HIMSELVE
Him*selve", pron.

Defn: See 1st Himself. [Obs.]

HIMYARIC; HIMYARITIC
Him*yar"ic, Him`ya*rit"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Himyar, an ancient king of Yemen, in Arabia, or
to his successors or people; as, the Himjaritic characters, language,
etc.; applied esp. to certain ancient inscriptions showing the
primitive type of the oldest form of the Arabic, still spoken in
Southern Arabia. Brande & C.

HIN
Hin, n. Etym: [Heb. hin.]

Defn: A Hebrew measure of liquids, containing three quarts, one pint,
one gill, English measure. W. H. Ward.

HIND
Hind, n. Etym: [AS. hind; akin to D. hinde, OHG. hinta, G. hinde,
hindin, Icel., Sw., & Dan. hind, and perh. to Goth. hinpan to seize
(in comp.), E. hunt, or cf. Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The female of the red deer, of which the male is the stag.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spotted food fish of the genus Epinephelus, as E. apua of
Bermuda, and E. Drummond-hayi of Florida; -- called also coney, John
Paw, spotted hind.

HIND
Hind, n. Etym: [OE. hine, AS. hine, hina, orig. gen. pl. of hiwan
domestics; akin to Icel. hju man and wife, domestics, family, Goth.
heiwafrauja master of the house, G. heirath marriage; cf. L. civis
citizen, E. city or E. home. Cf. Hide a measure of land.]

1. A domestic; a servant. [Obs.] Shak.

2. A peasant; a rustic; a farm servant. [Eng.]
The hind, that homeward driving the slow steer Tells how man's daily
work goes forward here. Trench.

HIND
Hind, a. [Compar. Hinder; superl. Hindmost, or Hindermost (.] Etym:
[OE. hind, adv., back, AS. hindan behind. See Hinder, a.]

Defn: In the rear; -- opposed to front; of or pertaining to the part
or end which follows or is behind, in opposition to the part which
leads or is before; as, the hind legs or hind feet of a quadruped;
the hind man in a procession.

HINDBERRY
Hind"ber*ry, n. Etym: [AS. hindberie; akin to OHG. hintberi, G.
himbeere. So called because hinds or stags are fond of them. See 1st
Hind, and Berry.]

Defn: The raspberry. [Prov. Eng.]

HINDBRAIN
Hind"brain`, n. Etym: [Hind, adj. + brain.] (Anat.)

Defn: The posterior of the three principal divisions of the brain,
including the epencephalon and metencephalon. Sometimes restricted to
the epencephalon only.

HINDER
Hind"er, a. Etym: [OE. hindere, AS. hinder, adv., behind; akin to
OHG. hintar, prep., behind, G. hinter, Goth. hindar; orig. a
comparative, and akin to AS. hine hence. See Hence, He, and cf. Hind,
a., Hindmost.]

Defn: Of or belonging to that part or end which is in the rear, or
which follows; as, the hinder part of a wagon; the hinder parts of a
horse.
He was in the hinder part of the ship. Mark iv. 38.

HINDER
Hin"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hindered; p. pr. & vb. n. Hindering.]
Etym: [OE. hindren, hinderen, AS. hindrian, fr. hinder behind; akin
to D. hinderen, G. hindern, OHG. hintar, Icel. & Sw. hindra, Dan.
hindre. See Hinder, a.]

1. To keep back or behind; to prevent from starting or moving
forward; to check; to retard; to obstruct; to bring to a full stop; -
- often followed by from; as, an accident hindered the coach; drought
hinders the growth of plants; to hinder me from going.
Them that were entering in ye hindered. Luke xi. 52.
I hinder you too long. Shak.

2. To prevent or embarrass; to debar; to shut out.
What hinders younger brothers, being fathers of families, from having
the same right Locke.

Syn.
 -- To check; retard; impede; delay; block; clog; prevent; stop;
interrupt; counteract; thwart; oppose; obstruct; debar; embarrass.

HINDER
Hin"der, v. i.

Defn: To interpose obstacles or impediments; to be a hindrance.
This objection hinders not but that the heroic action of some
commander . . . may be written. Dryden.

HINDERANCE
Hin"der*ance. n.

Defn: Same as Hindrance.

HINDERER
Hin"der*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, hinders.

HINDEREST
Hind"er*est, a.

Defn: Hindermost; -- superl. of Hind, a. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HINDERLING
Hind"er*ling, n. Etym: [AS. hinderling one who comes behind his
ancestors, fr. AS. hinder behind. See Hinder, a., and cf. Hilding.]

Defn: A worthless, base, degenerate person or animal. [Obs.]
Callander.

HINDERMOST; HINDMOST
Hind"er*most`, Hind"most`, a. Etym: [The superlative of hind. See
Hind, a.] Etym: [Cf. AS. hindema (akin to Goth. hindumists), a
superlative from the same source as the comparative hinder. See
Hinder, a., and cf. Aftermost.]

Defn: Furthest in or toward the rear; last. "Rachel and Joseph
hindermost." Gen. xxxiii. 2.

HINDGUT
Hind"gut`, n. Etym: [Hind, a. + gut.] (Anat.)

Defn: The posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the
rectum, and sometimes the large intestine also.

HINDI
Hin"di, n. Etym: [Prop. a Per. adj. meaning, Indian, Hindoo.]

Defn: The name given by Europeans to that form of the Hindustani
language which is chiefly spoken by native Hindoos. In employs the
Devanagari character, in which Sanskrit is written. Whitworth.

HINDLEYS SCREW
Hind"ley"s screw`. (Mech.)

Defn: A screw cut on a solid whose sides are arcs of the periphery of
a wheel into the teeth of which the screw is intended to work. It is
named from the person who first used the form.

HINDOO; HINDU
Hin"doo, Hin"du, n.; pl. Hindoos or Hindus. Etym: [Per. Hindu, fr.
Hind, Hindustan, India. Cf. Indian.]

Defn: A native inhabitant of Hindostan. As an ethnical term it is
confined to the Dravidian and Aryan races; as a religious name it is
restricted to followers of the Veda.

HINDOO CALENDAR; HINDU CALENDAR
Hin"doo, or Hindu, calendar  .

Defn: A lunisolar calendar of India, according to which the year is
divided into twelve months, with an extra month inserted after every
month in which two new moons occur (once in three years). The
intercalary month has the name of the one which precedes it. The year
usually commences about April 11. The months are follows:

Baisakh . . . . . . . . . .    April-May
Jeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . May-June
Asarh . . . . . . . . . . . .  June-July
Sawan (Sarawan) . . . . . . .  July-Aug.
Bhadon . . . . . . . . . . .   Aug.-Sept.
Asin (Kuar). . . . . . . . . . Sept.-Oct.
Katik (Kartik) . . . . . . . . Oct.-Nov.
Aghan . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nov.-Dec.
Pus . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Dec.-Jan.
Magh . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan.-Feb.
Phagun (Phalgun) . . . . . . . Feb.-March
Chait . . . . . . . . . . . .  March-April
HINDOOISM; HINDUISM
Hin"doo*ism, Hin"du*ism, n.

Defn: The religious doctrines and rites of the Hindoos; Brahmanism.

HINDOOSTANEE; HINDUSTANI
Hin"doo*sta"nee, Hin"du*sta"ni, a. Etym: [Hind. Hindustani an Indian,
fr. Hind. and Per. Hindustan India.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Hindoos or their language.
 -- n.

Defn: The language of Hindostan; the name given by Europeans to the
most generally spoken of the modern Aryan languages of India. It is
Hindi with the addition of Persian and Arabic words.

HINDRANCE
Hin"drance, n. Etym: [See Hinder, v. t.]

1. The act of hindering, or the state of being hindered.

2. That which hinders; an impediment.
What various hindrances we meet. Cowper.
Something between a hindrance and a help. Wordsworth.

Syn.
 -- Impediment; obstruction; obstacle; difficulty; interruption;
check; delay; restraint.

HINDU
Hin"du, n.

Defn: Same as Hindoo.

HINE
Hine, n. Etym: [See Hind a servant.]

Defn: A servant; a farm laborer; a peasant; a hind. [Obs.]
Bailiff, herd, nor other hine. Chaucer.

HINGE
Hinge, n. Etym: [OE. henge, heeng; akin to D. heng, LG. henge, Prov.
E. hingle a small hinge; connected with hang, v., and Icel. hengja to
hang. See Hang.]

1. The hook with its eye, or the joint, on which a door, gate, lid,
etc., turns or swings; a flexible piece, as a strip of leather, which
serves as a joint to turn on.
The gate self-opened wide, On golden hinges turning. Milton.

2. That on which anything turns or depends; a governing principle; a
cardinal point or rule; as, this argument was the hinge on which the
question turned.

3. One of the four cardinal points, east, west, north, or south. [R.]
When the moon is in the hinge at East. Creech.
Nor slept the winds . . . but rushed abroad. Milton.
Hinge joint. (a) (Anat.) See Ginglymus. (b) (Mech.) Any joint
resembling a hinge, by which two pieces are connected so as to permit
relative turning in one plane.
 -- To be off the hinges, to be in a state of disorder or
irregularity; to have lost proper adjustment. Tillotson.

HINGE
Hinge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hinged; p. pr. & vb. n. Hinging.]

1. To attach by, or furnish with, hinges.

2. To bend. [Obs.] Shak.

HINGE
Hinge, v. i.

Defn: To stand, depend, hang, or turn, as on a hinge; to depend
chiefly for a result or decision or for force and validity; --
usually with on or upon; as, the argument hinges on this point. I.
Taylor

HINGED
Hinged, a.

Defn: Furnished with hinges.

HINGELESS
Hinge"less, a.

Defn: Without a hinge or joint.

HINK
Hink, n.

Defn: A reaping hook. Knight.

HINNIATE; HINNY
Hin"ni*ate, Hin"ny v. i. Etym: [L. hinnire.]

Defn: To neigh; to whinny. [Obs.]

HINNY
Hin"ny, n.; pl. Hinnies. Etym: [L. hinnus, cf. Gr.

Defn: A hybrid between a stallion and an ass.

HINNY
Hin"ny, n.

Defn: A term of endearment; darling; -- corrupted from honey. [Prov.
Eng.] Wright.

HINT
Hint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hinting.] Etym:
[OE. henten, hinten, to seize, to catch, AS. hentan to pursue, take,
seize; or Icel. ymta to mutter, ymtr a muttering, Dan. ymte to
whisper. sq. root36. Cf. Hent.]

Defn: To bring to mind by a slight mention or remote allusion; to
suggest in an indirect manner; as, to hint a suspicion.
Just hint a fault and hesitate dislike. Pope.

Syn.
 -- To suggest; intimate; insinuate; imply.

HINT
Hint, v. i.

Defn: To make an indirect reference, suggestion, or allusion; to
allude vaguely to something.
We whisper, and hint, and chuckle. Tennyson.
To hint at, to allude to lightly, indirectly, or cautiously.

Syn.
 -- To allude; refer; glance; touch.

HINT
Hint, n.

Defn: A remote allusion; slight mention; intimation; insinuation; a
suggestion or reminder, without a full declaration or explanation;
also, an occasion or motive.
Our hint of woe Is common. Shak.
The hint malevolent, the look oblique. Hannah M

Syn.
 -- Suggestion; allusion. See Suggestion.

HINTERLAND
Hin"ter*land`, n. [G.; hinter behind + land land.]

Defn: The land or region lying behind the coast district. The term is
used esp. with reference to the so-called doctrine of the hinterland,
sometimes advanced, that occupation of the coast supports a claim to
an exclusive right to occupy, from time to time, the territory lying
inland of the coast.

HINTINGLY
Hint"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a hinting manner.

HIP
Hip, n. Etym: [OE. hipe, huppe, AS. hype; akin to D. heup, OHG. huf,
G. hüfte, Dan. hofte, Sw. höft, Goth. hups; cf. Icel. huppr, and also
Gr. kumpis ham.]

1. The projecting region of the lateral parts of one side of the
pelvis and the hip joint; the haunch; the huckle.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: The external angle formed by the meeting of two sloping sides
or skirts of a roof, which have their wall plates running in
different directions.

3. (Engin)

Defn: In a bridge truss, the place where an inclined end post meets
the top chord. Waddell. Hip bone (Anat.), the innominate bone; --
called also haunch bone and huckle bone.
 -- Hip girdle (Anat.), the pelvic girdle.
 -- Hip joint (Anat.), the articulation between the thigh bone and
hip bone.
 -- Hip knob (Arch.), a finial, ball, or other ornament at the
intersection of the hip rafters and the ridge.
 -- Hip molding (Arch.), a molding on the hip of a roof, covering the
hip joint of the slating or other roofing.
 -- Hip rafter (Arch.), the rafter extending from the wall plate to
the ridge in the angle of a hip roof.
 -- Hip roof, Hipped roof (Arch.), a roof having sloping ends and
sloping sides. See Hip, n., 2., and Hip, v. t., 3.
 -- Hip tile, a tile made to cover the hip of a roof.
 -- To catch upon the hip, or To have on the hip, to have or get the
advantage of; -- a figure probably derived from wresting. Shak.
 -- To smite hip and thigh, to overthrow completely; to defeat
utterly. Judg. xv. 8.

HIP
Hip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Hipping.]

1. To dislocate or sprain the hip of, to fracture or injure the hip
bone of (a quadruped) in such a manner as to produce a permanent
depression of that side.

2. To throw (one's adversary) over one's hip in wrestling
(technically called cross buttock).

3. To make with a hip or hips, as a roof. Hipped roof. See Hip roof,
under Hip.

HIP
Hip, n. Etym: [OE. hepe, AS. heópe; cf. OHG. hiufo a bramble bush.]
(Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of a rosebush, especially of the English dog-rose
(Rosa canina). [Written also hop, hep.] Hip tree (Bot.), the dog-
rose.

HIP
Hip, interj.

Defn: Used to excite attention or as a signal; as, hip, hip, hurra!

HIP; HIPPS
Hip, or Hipps (, n.

Defn: See Hyp, n. [Colloq.]

HIPE; HYPE
Hipe, n. Also Hype  . [Etym. uncertain.] (Wrestling)

Defn: A throw in which the wrestler lifts his opponent from the
ground, swings him to one side, knocks up his nearer thigh from the
back with the knee, and throws him on his back.

HIPE
Hipe, v. t. & i.  [imp. & p. p. Hiped; p. pr. & vb. n. Hiping.]
(Wrestling)

Defn: To throw by means of a hipe. -- Hip"er (#), n.

HIPHALT
Hip"halt`, a.

Defn: Lame in the hip. [R.] Gower.

HIP LOCK
Hip lock. (Wrestling)

Defn: A lock in which a close grip is obtained and a fall attempted
by a heave over the hip.

HIPPA; HIPPE
Hip"pa, Hip"pe, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine decapod crustaceans, which burrow rapidly in
the sand by pushing themselves backward; -- called also bait bug. See
Illust. under Anomura.

HIPPARION
Hip*pa"ri*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of Tertiary mammals allied to the horse, but
three-toed, having on each foot a small lateral hoof on each side of
the main central one. It is believed to be one of the ancestral
genera of the Horse family.

HIPPED; HIPPISH
Hipped, Hip"pish, a. Etym: [From 5th Hip.]

Defn: Somewhat hypochondriac; melancholy. See Hyppish. [Colloq.]
When we are hipped or in high spirits. R. L. Stevenson.

HIPPOBOSCA
Hip`po*bos"ca, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of dipterous insects including the horsefly or horse
tick.
 -- Hip`po*bos"can, a.

HIPPOCAMP
Hip"po*camp, n.

Defn: See Hippocampus.

HIPPOCAMPAL
Hip`po*cam"pal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the hippocampus.

HIPPOCAMPUS
Hip`po*cam"pus, n. Etym: [L., the sea horse, Gr. "i`ppos horse +

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A fabulous monster, with the head and fore quarters of a horse
joined to the tail of a dolphin or other fish (Hippocampus
brevirostris), -- seen in Pompeian paintings, attached to the chariot
of Neptune. Fairholt.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of lophobranch fishes of several species in which the
head and neck have some resemblance to those of a horse; -- called
also sea horse.

Note: They swim slowly, in an erect position, and often cling to
seaweeds by means of the incurved prehensile tail. The male has a
ventral pouch, in which it carries the eggs till hatched.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name applied to either of two ridges of white matter in each
lateral ventricle of the brain. The larger is called hippocampus
major or simply hippocampus. The smaller, hippocampus minor, is
called also ergot and calcar.

HIPPOCENTAUR
Hip`po*cen"taur, n. Etym: [L. hippocentaurus, Gr. (Myth.)

Defn: Same as Centaur.

HIPPOCRAS
Hip"po*cras, n. Etym: [F. hippocras, hypocras, NL. vinum
hippocraticum, lit., wine of Hippocrates.]

Defn: A cordial made of spiced wine, etc.

HIPPOCRATES
Hip*poc"ra*tes, n.

Defn: A famous Greek physician and medical writer, born in Cos, about
460 B. C. Hippocrates' sleeve, a conical strainer, made by stitching
together two adjacent sides of a square piece of cloth, esp. flannel
of linen.

HIPPOCRATIC
Hip"po*crat"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Hippocrates, or to his teachings.
Hippocratic face Etym: [L. facies Hippocratica], the change produced
in the countenance by death, or long sickness, excessive evacuations,
excessive hunger, and the like. The nose is pinched, the eyes are
sunk, the temples hollow, the ears cold and retracted, the skin of
the forehead tense and dry, the complexion livid, the lips pendent,
relaxed, and cold; -- so called, as having been described by
Hippocrates. Dunglison.
 -- Hippocratic oath, an oath said to have been dictated by
Hippocrates to his disciples. Such an oath is still administered to
candidates for graduation in medicine.

HIPPOCRATISM
Hip*poc"ra*tism, n.

Defn: The medical philosophy or system of Hippocrates.

HIPPOCRENE
Hip"po*crene, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A fountain on Mount Helicon in Boeotia, fabled to have burst
forth when the ground was struck by the hoof of Pegasus. Also, its
waters, which were supposed to impart poetic inspiration. Keats.
Nor maddening draughts of Hippocrene. Longfellow.

HIPPOCREPIAN
Hip"po*crep"i*an, n. Etym: [See Hippocrepiform.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of an order of fresh-water Bryozoa, in which the tentacles
are on a lophophore, shaped like a horseshoe. See Phylactolæma.

HIPPOCREPIFORM
Hip`po*crep`i*form, a. Etym: [Gr. -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Shaped like a horseshoe.

HIPPODAME
Hip"po*dame, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hippopotame.]

Defn: A fabulous sea monster. [Obs.] Spenser.

HIPPODROME
Hip"po*drome, n. Etym: [L. hippodromos, Gr. hippodrome.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A place set apart for equestrian and chariot races.

2. An arena for equestrian performances; a circus.

HIPPOGRIFF
Hip"po*griff, n. Etym: [F. hippogriffe; cf. It. ippogrifo. See
Hippopotamus, Griffon.] (Myth.)

Defn: A fabulous winged animal, half horse and half griffin. Milton.

HIPPOLITH
Hip"po*lith, n. Etym: [Gr. -lith.]

Defn: A concretion, or kind of bezoar, from the intestines of the
horse.

HIPPOPATHOLOGY
Hip`po*pa*thol`o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. pathology: cf. F.
hippopathologie.]

Defn: The science of veterinary medicine; the pathology of the horse.

HIPPOPHAGI
Hip*poph"a*gi, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Hippophagous.]

Defn: Eaters of horseflesh.

HIPPOPHAGISM
Hip*poph"a*gism, n.

Defn: Hippophagy. Lowell.

HIPPOPHAGIST
Hip*poph"a*gist, n.

Defn: One who eats horseflesh.

HIPPOPHAGOUS
Hip*poph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. hippophage.]

Defn: Feeding on horseflesh; -- said of certain nomadic tribes, as
the Tartars.

HIPPOPHAGY
Hip*poph"a*gy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hippophagie.]

Defn: The act or practice of feeding on horseflesh.

HIPPOPHILE
Hip"po*phile, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who loves horses. Holmes.

HIPPOPOTAMUS
Hip`po*pot"a*mus, n.; pl. E. Hippopotamuses, L. Hippopotami. Etym:
[L., from Gr.Equine.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, amphibious, herbivorous mammal (Hippopotamus
amphibius), common in the rivers of Africa. It is allied to the hogs,
and has a very thick, naked skin, a thick and square head, a very
large muzzle, small eyes and ears, thick and heavy body, and short
legs. It is supposed to be the behemoth of the Bible. Called also
zeekoe, and river horse. A smaller species (H. Liberiencis) inhabits
Western Africa.

HIPPOTOMY
Hip*pot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. hippotomie.]

Defn: Anatomy of the horse.

HIPPURIC
Hip*pu"ric, a. Etym: [Gr. hippurique.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Obtained from the urine of horses; as, hippuric acid. Hippuric
acid, a white crystalline substance, containing nitrogen, present in
the urine of herbivorous animals, and in small quantity in human
urine. By the action of acids, it is decomposed into benzoic acid and
glycocoll.

HIPPURITE
Hip"pu*rite, n. Etym: [Gr. hippurite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil bivalve mollusk of the genus Hippurites, of many
species, having a conical, cup-shaped under valve, with a flattish
upper valve or lid. Hippurites are found only in the Cretaceous
rocks.

HIP-ROOFED
Hip"-roofed`, a.

Defn: Having a hip roof.

HIPSHOT
Hip"shot`, a. Etym: [Hip + shot.]

Defn: Having the hip dislocated; hence, having one hip lower than the
other. L'Estrange.

HIP TREE
Hip" tree`. (Bot.)

Defn: The dog-rose.

HIR
Hir, pron. [Obs.]

Defn: See Here, pron. Chaucer.

HIRCIC
Hir"cic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hircique. See Hircin.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, mutton suet; -- applied by
Chevreul to an oily acid which was obtained from mutton suet, and to
which he attributed the peculiar taste and smell of that substance.
The substance has also been called hircin. Watts.

HIRCIN
Hir"cin, n. Etym: [L. hircus, he-goat, buck: cf. F. hircine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Hircic acid. See Hircic. [R.]

HIRCINE; HIRCINOUS
Hir"cine, Hir"ci*nous, a. Etym: [L. hircinus, fr. hircus hegoat: cf.
F. hircin.]

1. Goatlike; of or pertaining to a goat or the goats.

2. Of a strong goatish smell.

HIRE
Hire, pron. [Obs.]

Defn: See Here, pron. Chaucer.

HIRE
Hire, n. Etym: [OE. hire, hure, AS. h; akin to D.huur, G. heuer, Dan.
hyre, Sw. hyra.]

1. The price; reward, or compensation paid, or contracted to be paid,
for the temporary use of a thing or a place, for personal service, or
for labor; wages; rent; pay.
The laborer is worthy of his hire. Luke x. 7.

2. (Law.)

Defn: A bailment by which the use of a thing, or the services and
labor of a person, are contracted for at a certain price or reward.
Story.

Syn.
 -- Wages; salary; stipend; allowance; pay.

HIRE
Hire, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hired; p. pr. & vb. n. Hiring.] Etym: [OE.
hiren, huren, AS. h; akin to D. huren, G. heuern, Dan. hyre, Sw.
hyra. See Hire, n.]

1. To procure (any chattel or estate) from another person, for
temporary use, for a compensation or equivalent; to purchase the use
or enjoyment of for a limited time; as, to hire a farm for a year; to
hire money.

2. To engage or purchase the service, labor, or interest of (any one)
for a specific purpose, by payment of wages; as, to hire a servant,
an agent, or an advocate.

3. To grant the temporary use of, for compensation; to engage to give
the service of, for a price; to let; to lease; -- now usually with
out, and often reflexively; as, he has hired out his horse, or his
time.
They . . . have hired out themselves for bread. 1 Sam. ii. 5.

HIRELESS
Hire"less, a.

Defn: Without hire. Davenant.

HIRELING
Hire"ling, n. Etym: [AS. h. See Hire, n., and -ling.]

Defn: One who is hired, or who serves for wages; esp., one whose
motive and interest in serving another are wholly gainful; a
mercenary. "Lewd hirelings." Milton.

HIRELING
Hire"ling, a.

Defn: Serving for hire or wages; venal; mercenary. "Hireling
mourners." Dryden.

HIRE PURCHASE; HIRE PURCHASE AGREEMENT; HIRE AND PURCHASE AGREEMENT
Hire purchase, or, more fully, Hire purchase agreement, or Hire and
purchase agreement. (Law)

Defn: A contract (more fully called contract of hire with an option
of purchase) in which a person hires goods for a specified period and
at a fixed rent, with the added condition that if he shall retain the
goods for the full period and pay all the installments of rent as
they become due the contract shall determine and the title vest
absolutely in him, and that if he chooses he may at any time during
the term surrender the goods and be quit of any liability for future
installments upon the contract. In the United States such a contract
is generally treated as a conditional sale, and the term hire
purchase is also sometimes applied to a contract in which the hirer
is not free to avoid future liability by surrender of the goods. In
England, however, if the hirer does not have this right the contract
is a sale.

HIRER
Hir"er, n.

Defn: One who hires.

HIRES; HIRS
Hires, Hirs, pron.

Defn: Hers; theirs. See Here, pron. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HIRSUTE
Hir*sute", a. Etym: [L. hirsutus; prob. akin to horridus horrid. Cf.
Horrid.]

1. Rough with hair; set with bristles; shaggy.

2. Rough and coarse; boorish. [R.]
Cynical and hirsute in his behavior. Life of A. Wood.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Pubescent with coarse or stiff hairs. Gray.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Covered with hairlike feathers, as the feet of certain birds.

HIRSUTENESS
Hir*sute"ness, n.

Defn: Hairiness. Burton.

HIRTELLOUS
Hir*tel"lous, a. Etym: [Dim., fr. L. hirtus hairy.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Pubescent with minute and somewhat rigid hairs.

HIRUDINE
Hi*ru"dine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the leeches.

HIRUDINEA
Hir`u*din"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. hirudo, hirudinis, a leech.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Annelida, including the leeches; -- called also
Hirudinei.

HIRUDO
Hi*ru"do, n. Etym: [L., a leech.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of leeches, including the common medicinal leech. See
Leech.

HIRUNDINE
Hi*run"dine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the swallows.

HIRUNDO
Hi*run"do, n. Etym: [L., swallow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds including the swallows and martins.

HIS
His, pron. Etym: [AS. his of him, his, gen. masc. & neut. of h, neut.
hit. See He.]

1. Belonging or pertaining to him; -- used as a pronominal adjective
or adjective pronoun; as, tell John his papers are ready; formerly
used also for its, but this use is now obsolete.
No comfortable star did lend his light. Shak.
Who can impress the forest, bid the tree Unfix his earth-bound root
Shak.

Note: Also formerly used in connection with a noun simply as a sign
of the possessive. "The king his son." Shak. "By young Telemachus his
blooming years." Pope. This his is probably a corruption of the old
possessive ending -is or -es, which, being written as a separate
word, was at length confounded with the pronoun his.

2. The possessive of he; as, the book is his. "The sea is his, and he
made it." Ps. xcv. 5.

HISINGERITE
His"ing*er*ite, n. Etym: [Named after W. Hisinger, a Swedish
mineralogist.] (Min.)

Defn: A soft black, iron ore, nearly earthy, a hydrous silicate of
iron.

HISPANIC
His*pan"ic, a. Etym: [L. Hispanicus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Spain or its language; as, Hispanic words.

HISPANICISM
His*pan"i*cism, n.

Defn: A Spanish idiom or mode of speech. Keightley.

HISPANICIZE
His*pan"i*cize, v. t.

Defn: To give a Spanish form or character to; as, to Hispanicize
Latin words.

HISPID
His"pid, a. Etym: [L. hispidus: cf. F. hispide.]

1. Rough with bristles or minute spines.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Beset with stiff hairs or bristles.

HISPIDULOUS
His*pid"u*lous, a. Etym: [Dim. of hispid.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Minutely hispid.

HISS
Hiss. v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hissed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hissing.] Etym:
[AS. hysian; prob. of imitative originhissen, OD. hisschen.]

1. To make with the mouth a prolonged sound like that of the letter
s, by driving the breath between the tongue and the teeth; to make
with the mouth a sound like that made by a goose or a snake when
angered; esp., to make such a sound as an expression of hatred,
passion, or disapproval.
The merchants among the people shall hiss at thee. Ezek. xxvii. 36.

2. To make a similar noise by any means; to pass with a sibilant
sound; as, the arrow hissed as it flew.
Shod with steel, We hissed along the polished ice. Wordsworth.

HISS
Hiss, v. t.

1. To condemn or express contempt for by hissing.
If the tag-rag people did not clap him and hiss him, according as he
pleased and displeased them. Shak.
Malcolm. What is the newest grief Ros. That of an hour's age doth
hiss the speaker. Shak.

2. To utter with a hissing sound.
The long-necked geese of the world that are ever hissing dispraise.
Tennyson.

HISS
Hiss, n.

1. A prolonged sound like that letter s, made by forcing out the
breath between the tongue and teeth, esp. as a token of
disapprobation or contempt.
"Hiss" implies audible friction of breath consonants. H. Sweet.
A dismal, universal hiss, the sound Of public scorn. Milton.

2. Any sound resembling that above described; as:
(a) The noise made by a serpent.
But hiss for hiss returned with forked tongue. Milton.

(b) The note of a goose when irritated.
(c) The noise made by steam escaping through a narrow orifice, or by
water falling on a hot stove.

HISSING
Hiss"ing, n.

1. The act of emitting a hiss or hisses.

2. The occasion of contempt; the object of scorn and derision.
[Archaic]
I will make this city desolate, and a hissing. Jer. xix. 8.

HISSINGLY
Hiss"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With a hissing sound.

HIST
Hist, interj. Etym: [Cf. Dan. hys. Hush, Whist.]

Defn: Hush; be silent; -- a signal for silence. Milton.

HISTIOLOGY
His`ti*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -logy.]

Defn: Same as Histology.

HISTOGENESIS
His`to*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. "isto`s tissue + E. genesis.] (Biol.)
(a) The formation and development of organic tissues; histogeny; --
the opposite of histolysis.
(b) Germ history of cells, and of the tissues composed of cells.
Haeckel.

HISTOGENETIC
His`to*ge*net"ic, a. Etym: [See Histogeny.] (Biol.)

Defn: Tissue-producing; connected with the formation and development
of the organic tissues.

HISTOGENY
His*tog"e*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. "isto`s tissue + root of (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Histogenesis. Dunglison.

HISTOGRAPHER
His*tog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who describes organic tissues; an histologist.

HISTOGRAPHICAL
His"to*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to histography.

HISTOGRAPHY
His*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -graphy.]

Defn: A description of, or treatise on, organic tissues.

HISTOHAEMATIN
His`to*hæm"a*tin, n. Etym: [Gr. "isto`s tissue + E. hæmatin.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: One of a class of respiratory pigments, widely distributed in
the animal kingdom, capable of ready oxidation and reduction.

HISTOID
His"toid, a. Etym: [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling the normal tissues; as, histoid tumors.

HISTOLOGIC; HISTOLOGICAL
His`to*log"ic, His`to*log"ic*al a. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to histology, or to the microscopic structure of the
tissues of living organisms.
 -- His`to*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

HISTOLOGIST
His*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in histology.

HISTOLOGY
His*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -logy.]

Defn: That branch of biological science, which treats of the minute
(microscopic) structure of animal and vegetable tissues; -- called
also histiology.

HISTOLYSIS
His*tol"y*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "isto`s tissue + (Biol.)

Defn: The decay and dissolution of the organic tissues and of the
blood.

HISTOLYTIC
His`to*lyt"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to histolysis, or the degeneration of tissues.

HISTONOMY
His*ton"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. "isto`s tissue +

Defn: The science which treats of the laws relating to organic
tissues, their formation, development, functions, etc.

HISTOPHYLY
His*toph"y*ly, n. Etym: [Gr. "isto`s tissue + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The tribal history of cells, a division of morphophyly.
Haeckel.

HISTORIAL
His*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. historialis: cf. F. historial.]

Defn: Historical. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HISTORIAN
His*to"ri*an, n. Etym: [F. historien.]

1. A writer of history; a chronicler; an annalist.
Even the historian takes great liberties with facts. Sir J. Reynolds.

2. One versed or well informed in history.
Great captains should be good historians. South.

HISTORIC; HISTORICAL
His*tor"ic, His*tor"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. historicus, Gr. historique.
See History.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to history, or the record of past events; as,
an historical poem; the historic page.
 -- His*tor"ic*al*ness, n.
 -- His*to*ric"i*ty, n.
There warriors frowning in historic brass. Pope.
Historical painting, that branch of painting which represents the
events of history.
 -- Historical sense, that meaning of a passage which is deduced from
the circumstances of time, place, etc., under which it was written.
 -- The historic sense, the capacity to conceive and represent the
unity and significance of a past era or age.

HISTORICALLY
His*tor"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of, or in accordance with, history.

HISTORICIZE
His*tor"i*cize, v. t.

Defn: To record or narrate in the manner of a history; to chronicle.
[R.]

HISTORIED
His"to*ried, a.

Defn: Related in history.

HISTORIER
His*to"ri*er, n.

Defn: An historian. [Obs.]

HISTORIETTE
His`to*ri*ette", n. Etym: [F., dim. of histoire a history.]

Defn: Historical narration on a small scale; a brief recital; a
story. Emerson.

HISTORIFY
His*tor"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [History + -fy.]

Defn: To record in or as history. [R.] Lamb.
Thy conquest meet to be historified. Sir P. Sidney.

HISTORIOGRAPHER
His*to`ri*og"ra*pher, n. Etym: [L. historiographus, Gr.
historiographe.]

Defn: An historian; a writer of history; especially, one appointed or
designated to write a history; also, a title bestowed by some
governments upon historians of distinction.

HISTORIOGRAPHERSHIP
His*to`ri*og"ra*pher*ship, n.

Defn: The office of an historiographer. Saintsbury.

HISTORIOGRAPHY
His*to`ri*og"ra*phy, n.

Defn: The art of employment of an historiographer.

HISTORIOLOGY
His*to`ri*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A discourse on history. Cockeram.

HISTORIONOMER
His*to`ri*on"o*mer, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One versed in the phenomena of history and the laws controlling
them.
And historionomers will have measured accurately the sidereal years
of races. Lowell.

HISTORIZE
His"to*rize, v. t.

Defn: To relate as history; to chronicle; to historicize. [R.]
Evelyn.

HISTORY
His"to*ry, n.; pl. Histories. Etym: [L.historia, Gr. 'istori`a
history, information, inquiry, fr. 'istwr, "istwr, knowing, learned,
from the root of wit. See Wit, and cf. Story.]

1. A learning or knowing by inquiry; the knowledge of facts and
events, so obtained; hence, a formal statement of such information; a
narrative; a description; a written record; as, the history of a
patient's case; the history of a legislative bill.

2. A systematic, written account of events, particularly of those
affecting a nation, institution, science, or art, and usually
connected with a philosophical explanation of their causes; a true
story, as distinguished from a romance; -- distinguished also from
annals, which relate simply the facts and events of each year, in
strict chronological order; from biography, which is the record of an
individual's life; and from memoir, which is history composed from
personal experience, observation, and memory.
Histories are as perfect as the historian is wise, and is gifted with
an eye and a soul. Carlyle.
For aught that I could ever read, Could ever hear by tale or history.
Shak.
What histories of toil could I declare! Pope.
History piece, a representation in painting, drawing, etc., of any
real event, including the actors and the action.
 -- Natural history, a description and classification of objects in
nature, as minerals, plants, animals, etc., and the phenomena which
they exhibit to the senses.

Syn.
 -- Chronicle; annals; relation; narration.
 -- History, Chronicle, Annals. History is a methodical record of
important events which concern a community of men, usually so
arranged as to show the connection of causes and effects, to give an
analysis of motive and action etc. A chronicle is a record of such
events, conforming to the order of time as its distinctive feature.
Annals are a chronicle divided up into separate years. By poetic
license annals is sometimes used for history.
Justly Cæsar scorns the poet's lays; It is to history he trusts for
praise. Pope.
No more yet of this; For 't is a chronicle of day by day, Not a
relation for a breakfast. Shak.
Many glorious examples in the annals of our religion. Rogers.

HISTORY
His"to*ry, v. t.

Defn: To narrate or record. [Obs.] Shak.

HISTOTOMY
His*tot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The dissection of organic tissues.

HISTOZYME
His"to*zyme, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A soluble ferment occurring in the animal body, to the presence
of which many normal decompositions and synthetical processes are
supposed to be due.

HISTRION
His"tri*on, n. Etym: [L. histrio: cf. F. histrion.]

Defn: A player. [R.] Pope.

HISTRIONIC; HISTRIONICAL
His`tri*on"ic, His`tri*on"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. histrionicus: cf. F.
histronique. See Histrion.]

Defn: Of or relating to the stage or a stageplayer; befitting a
theatre; theatrical; -- sometimes in a bad sense.
 -- His`tri*on"ic*al*ly, adv.
Tainted with false and histrionic feeling. De Quincey.

HISTRIONICISM
His`tri*on"i*cism, n.

Defn: The histronic art; stageplaying. W. Black.

HISTRIONISM
His"tri*o*nism, n.

Defn: Theatrical representation; acting; affectation. Sir T. Browne.

HISTRIONIZE
His"tri*o*nize, v. t.

Defn: To act; to represent on the stage, or theatrically. Urquhart.

HIT
Hit, pron.

Defn: It. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HIT
Hit,

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Hide, contracted from hideth. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

HIT
Hit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hit; p. pr. & vb. n. Hitting.] Etym: [OE.
hitten, hutten, of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. hitte to hit, find, Sw. &
Icel. hitta.]

1. To reach with a stroke or blow; to strike or touch, usually with
force; especially, to reach or touch (an object aimed at).
I think you have hit the mark. Shak.

2. To reach or attain exactly; to meet according to the occasion; to
perform successfully; to attain to; to accord with; to be conformable
to; to suit.
Birds learning tunes, and their endeavors to hit the notes right.
Locke.
There you hit him; . . . that argument never fails with him. Dryden.
Whose saintly visage is too bright To hit the sense of human sight.
Milton.
He scarcely hit my humor. Tennyson.

3. To guess; to light upon or discover. "Thou hast hit it." Shak.

4. (Backgammon)

Defn: To take up, or replace by a piece belonging to the opposing
player; -- said of a single unprotected piece on a point. To hit off,
to describe with quick characteristic strokes; as, to hit off a
speaker. Sir W. Temple.
 -- To hit out, to perform by good luck. [Obs.] Spenser.

HIT
Hit, v. i.

1. To meet or come in contact; to strike; to clash; -- followed by
against or on.
If bodies be extension alone, how can they move and hit one against
another Locke.
Corpuscles, meeting with or hitting on those bodies, become conjoined
with them. Woodward.

2. To meet or reach what was aimed at or desired; to succeed, --
often with implied chance, or luck.
And oft it hits Where hope is coldest and despair most fits. Shak.
And millions miss for one that hits. Swift.
To hit on or upon, to light upon; to come to by chance. "None of them
hit upon the art." Addison.

HIT
Hit, n.

1. A striking against; the collision of one body against another; the
stroke that touches anything.
So he the famed Cilician fencer praised, And, at each hit, with
wonder seems amazed. Dryden.

2. A stroke of success in an enterprise, as by a fortunate chance;
as, he made a hit.
What late he called a blessing, now was wit, And God's good
providence, a lucky hit. Pope.

3. A peculiarly apt expression or turn of thought; a phrase which
hits the mark; as, a happy hit.

4. A game won at backgammon after the adversary has removed some of
his men. It counts less than a gammon.

5. (Baseball)

Defn: A striking of the ball; as, a safe hit; a foul hit; --
sometimes used specifically for a base hit. Base hit, Safe hit,
Sacrifice hit. (Baseball) See under Base, Safe, etc.

HIT
Hit adj.

Defn: having become very popular or acclaimed; -- said of
entertainment performances; as, a hit record, a hit movie.

HITCH
Hitch, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Scot. hitch a motion by a jerk, and hatch,
hotch, to move by jerks, also Prov. G. hiksen, G. hinken, to limp,
hobble; or E. hiccough; or possibly akin to E. hook.]

1. To become entangled or caught; to be linked or yoked; to unite; to
cling.
Atoms . . . which at length hitched together. South.

2. To move interruptedly or with halts, jerks, or steps; -- said of
something obstructed or impeded.
Slides into verse, and hitches in a rhyme. Pope.
To ease themselves . . . by hitching into another place. Fuller.

3. To hit the legs together in going, as horses; to interfere. [Eng.]
Halliwell.

HITCH
Hitch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hitched; p. pr. & vb. n. Hitching.]

1. To hook; to catch or fasten as by a hook or a knot; to make fast,
unite, or yoke; as, to hitch a horse, or a halter.

2. To move with hitches; as, he hitched his chair nearer. To hitch
up. (a) To fasten up. (b) To pull or raise with a jerk; as, a sailor
hitches up his trousers. (c) To attach, as a horse, to a vehicle; as,
hitch up the gray mare. [Colloq.]

HITCH
Hitch, n.

1. A catch; anything that holds, as a hook; an impediment; an
obstacle; an entanglement.

2. The act of catching, as on a hook, etc.

3. A stop or sudden halt; a stoppage; an impediment; a temporary
obstruction; an obstacle; as, a hitch in one's progress or utterance;
a hitch in the performance.

4. A sudden movement or pull; a pull up; as, the sailor gave his
trousers a hitch.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: A knot or noose in a rope which can be readily undone; --
intended for a temporary fastening; as, a half hitch; a clove hitch;
a timber hitch, etc.

6. (Geol.)

Defn: A small dislocation of a bed or vein.

HITCHEL
Hitch"el, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Hatchel.

HITHE
Hithe, n. Etym: [AS. hHide to conceal.]

Defn: A port or small haven; -- used in composition; as, Lambhithe,
now Lambeth. Pennant.

HITHER
Hith"er, adv. Etym: [OE. hider, AS. hider; akin to Icel. hra, Dan.
hid, Sw. hit, Goth. hidrcitra on this side, or E. here, he. He.]

1. To this place; -- used with verbs signifying motion, and implying
motion toward the speaker; correlate of hence and thither; as, to
come or bring hither.

2. To this point, source, conclusion, design, etc.; -- in a sense not
physical.
Hither we refer whatsoever belongeth unto the highest perfection of
man. Hooker.
Hither and thither, to and fro; backward and forward; in various
directions. "Victory is like a traveller, and goeth hither and
thither." Knolles.

HITHER
Hith"er, a.

1. Being on the side next or toward the person speaking; nearer; --
correlate of thither and farther; as, on the hither side of a hill.
Milton.

2. Applied to time: On the hither side of, younger than; of fewer
years than.
And on the hither side, or so she looked, Of twenty summers.
Tennyson.
To the present generation, that is to say, the people a few years on
the hither and thither side of thirty, the name of Charles Darwin
stands alongside of those of Isaac Newton and Michael Faraday.
Huxley.

HITHERMOST
Hith"er*most`, a.

Defn: Nearest on this side. Sir M. Hale.

HITHERTO
Hith"er*to`, adv.

1. To this place; to a prescribed limit.
Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further. Job xxxviii. 11.

2. Up to this time; as yet; until now.
The Lord hath blessed me hitherto. Josh. xvii. 14.

HITHERWARD
Hith"er*ward, adv. Etym: [AS. hiderweard.]

Defn: Toward this place; hither.
Marching hitherward in proud array. Shak.

HITTER
Hit"ter, n.

Defn: One who hits or strikes; as, a hard hitter.

HITTITE
Hit"tite, n. [From Heb. Khittim Hittites.]

Defn: A member of an ancient people (or perhaps group of peoples)
whose settlements extended from Armenia westward into Asia Minor and
southward into Palestine. They are known to have been met along the
Orontes as early as 1500 b. c., and were often at war with the
Egyptians and Assyrians. Especially in the north they developed a
considerable civilization, of which numerous monuments and
inscriptions are extant. Authorities are not agreed as to their race.
While several attempts have been made to decipher the Hittite
characters, little progress has yet been made.

HITTORF RAYS
Hit"torf rays. (Elec.)

Defn: Rays (chiefly cathode rays) developed by the electric discharge
in Hittorf tubes.

HITTORF TUBE
Hit"torf tube. (Elec.)
 (a) A highly exhausted glass tube with metallic electrodes nearly in
contact so as to exhibit the insulating effects of a vacuum. It was
used by the German physicist W. Hittorf (b. 1824).
 (b) A Crookes tube.

HIVE
Hive, n. Etym: [OE. hive, huve, AS. h.]

1. A box, basket, or other structure, for the reception and
habitation of a swarm of honeybees. Dryden.

2. The bees of one hive; a swarm of bees. Shak.

3. A place swarming with busy occupants; a crowd.
The hive of Roman liars. Tennyson.
Hive bee (Zoöl.), the honeybee.

HIVE
Hive, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hived; p. pr. & vb. n. Hiving.]

1. To collect into a hive; to place in, or cause to enter, a hive;
as, to hive a swarm of bees.

2. To store up in a hive, as honey; hence, to gather and accumulate
for future need; to lay up in store.
Hiving wisdom with each studious year. Byron.

HIVE
Hive, v. i.

Defn: To take shelter or lodgings together; to reside in a collective
body. Pope.

HIVELESS
Hive"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a hive. Gascoigne.

HIVER
Hiv"er, n.

Defn: One who collects bees into a hive.

HIVES
Hives, n. Etym: [Scot.; perh. akin to E. heave.] (Med.)
(a) The croup.
(b) An eruptive disease (Varicella globularis), allied to the chicken
pox.

HIZZ
Hizz, v. i.

Defn: To hiss. [Obs.] Shak.

HO
Ho, pron.

Defn: Who. [Obs.] In some Chaucer MSS.

HO; HOA
Ho, Hoa, n. Etym: [See Ho, interj., 2.]

Defn: A stop; a halt; a moderation of pace.
There is no ho with them. Decker.

HO; HOA
Ho, Hoa, interj. Etym: [Cf. F. & G. ho.]

1. Halloo! attend! -- a call to excite attention, or to give notice
of approach. "What noise there, ho" Shak.
"Ho! who's within" Shak.

2. Etym: [Perhaps corrupted fr. hold; but cf. F. hau stop! and E.
whoa.]

Defn: Stop! stand still! hold! -- a word now used by teamsters, but
formerly to order the cessation of anything. [Written also whoa, and,
formerly, hoo.]
The duke . . . pulled out his sword and cried "Hoo!" Chaucer.
An herald on a scaffold made an hoo. Chaucer.

HOAR
Hoar, a. Etym: [OE. hor, har, AS. har; akin to Icel. harr, and to
OHG. her illustrious, magnificent; cf. Icel. Heiedh brightness of the
sky, Goth. hais torch, Skr. ketus light, torch. Cf. Hoary.]

1. White, or grayish white: as, hoar frost; hoar cliffs. "Hoar
waters." Spenser.

2. Gray or white with age; hoary.
Whose beard with age is hoar. Coleridge.
Old trees with trunks all hoar. Byron.

3. Musty; moldy; stale. [Obs.] Shak.

HOAR
Hoar, n.

Defn: Hoariness; antiquity. [R.]
Covered with the awful hoar of innumerable ages. Burke.

HOAR
Hoar, v. t. Etym: [AS. harian to grow gray.]

Defn: To become moldy or musty. [Obs.] Shak.

HOARD
Hoard, n.

Defn: See Hoarding, 2. Smart.

HOARD
Hoard, n. Etym: [OE. hord, AS. hord; akin to OS. hord, G. hort, Icel.
hodd, Goth. huzd; prob. from the root of E. hide to conceal, and of
L. custos guard, E. custody. See Hide to conceal.]

Defn: A store, stock, or quantity of anything accumulated or laid up;
a hidden supply; a treasure; as, a hoard of provisions; a hoard of
money.

HOARD
Hoard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoarding.] Etym:
[AS. hordian.]

Defn: To collect and lay up; to amass and deposit in secret; to store
secretly, or for the sake of keeping and accumulating; as, to hoard
grain.

HOARD
Hoard, v. i.

Defn: To lay up a store or hoard, as of money.
To hoard for those whom he did breed. Spenser.

HOARDER
Hoard"er, n.

Defn: One who hoards.

HOARDING
Hoard"ing, n. Etym: [From OF. hourd, hourt, barrier, palisade, of
German or Dutch origin; cf. D. horde hurdle, fence, G. horde, hürde;
akin to E. hurdle. sq. root16. See Hurdle.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A screen of boards inclosing a house and materials while
builders are at work. [Eng.]
Posted on every dead wall and hoarding. London Graphic.

2. A fence, barrier, or cover, inclosing, surrounding, or concealing
something.
The whole arrangement was surrounded by a hoarding, the space within
which was divided into compartments by sheets of tin. Tyndall.

HOARED
Hoared, a.

Defn: Moldy; musty. [Obs.] Granmer.

HOARFROST
Hoar"frost`, n.

Defn: The white particles formed by the congelation of dew; white
frost. [Written also horefrost. See Hoar, a.]
He scattereth the hoarfrost like ashes. Ps. cxlvii. 16.

HOARHOUND
Hoar"hound`, n.

Defn: Same as Horehound.

HOARINESS
Hoar"i*ness, n. Etym: [From Hoary.]

Defn: The state of being hoary. Dryden.

HOARSE
Hoarse, a. [Compar. Hoarser, superl. Hoarsest.] Etym: [OE. hors, also
hos, has, AS. has; akin to D. heesch, G. heiser, Icel. hass, Dan.
hæs, Sw. hes. Cf. Prov. E. heazy.]

1. Having a harsh, rough, grating voice or sound, as when affected
with a cold; making a rough, harsh cry or sound; as, the hoarse
raven.
The hoarse resounding shore. Dryden.

2. Harsh; grating; discordant; -- said of any sound.

HOARSELY
Hoarse"ly, adv.

Defn: With a harsh, grating sound or voice.

HOARSEN
Hoars"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoarsened; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoarsening.]

Defn: To make hoarse.
I shall be obliged to hoarsen my voice. Richardson.

HOARSENESS
Hoarse"ness, n.

Defn: Harshness or roughness of voice or sound, due to mucus
collected on the vocal cords, or to swelling or looseness of the
cords.

HOARSTONE
Hoar"stone`, n.

Defn: A stone designating the Halliwell.

HOARY
Hoar"y, a.

1. White or whitish."The hoary willows." Addison.

2. White or gray with age; hoar; as, hoary hairs.
Reverence the hoary head. Dr. T. Dwight.

3. Hence, remote in time past; as, hoary antiquity.

4. Moldy; mossy; musty. [Obs.] Knolles.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of a pale silvery gray.

6. (Bot.)

Defn: Covered with short, dense, grayish white hairs; canescent.
Hoary bat (Zoöl.), an American bat (Atalapha cinerea), having the
hair yellowish, or brown, tipped with white.

HOATZIN
Ho"at*zin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Hoazin.

HOAX
Hoax, n. Etym: [Prob. contr. fr. hocus, in hocus-pocus.]

Defn: A deception for mockery or mischief; a deceptive trick or
story; a practical joke. Macaulay.

HOAX
Hoax, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoaxed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoaxing.]

Defn: To deceive by a story or a trick, for sport or mischief; to
impose upon sportively. Lamb.

HOAXER
Hoax"er, n.

Defn: One who hoaxes.

HOAZIN
Hoa"zin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A remarkable South American bird (Opisthocomus cristatus); the
crested touraco. By some zoölogists it is made the type of a distinct
order (Opisthocomi).

HOB
Hob, n. Etym: [Prob. akin to hump. Cf. Hub. ]

1. The hub of a wheel. See Hub. Washington.

2. The flat projection or iron shelf at the side of a fire grate,
where things are put to be kept warm. Smart.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: A threaded and fluted hardened steel cutter, resembling a tap,
used in a lathe for forming the teeth of screw chasers, worm wheels,
etc.

HOB
Hob, n Etym: [Orig. an abbrev. of Robin, Robert; Robin Goodfellow a
celebrated fairy, or domestic spirit. Cf. Hobgoblin, and see Robin. ]

1. A fairy; a sprite; an elf. [Obs.]
From elves, hobs, and fairies, . . . Defend us, good Heaven ! Beau. &
FL.

2. A countryman; a rustic; a clown. [Obs.] Nares.

HOBANOB; HOBANDNOB
Hob"a*nob`, Hob"and*nob`, v. i.

Defn: Same as Hobnob. Tennyson.

HOBBISM
Hob"bism, n.

Defn: The philosophical system of Thomas Hobbes, an English
materialist (

HOBBIST
Hob"bist, n.

Defn: One who accepts the doctrines of Thomas Hobbes.

HOBBLE
Hob"ble, n. i. [imp. & p. p. Hobbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Hobbling.]
Etym: [OE. hobelen, hoblen, freq. of hoppen to hop; akin to D.
hobbelen, hoblen, hoppeln. See Hop to jump, and cf. Hopple ]

1. To walk lame, bearing chiefly on one leg; to walk with a hitch or
hop, or with crutches.
The friar was hobbling the same way too. Dryden.

2. To move roughly or irregularly; -- said of style in writing.
Prior.
The hobbling versification, the mean diction. Jeffreys.

HOBBLE
Hob"ble, v. t.

1. To fetter by tying the legs; to hopple; to clog. " They hobbled
their horses." Dickens

2. To perplex; to embarrass.

HOBBLE
Hob"ble, n.

1. An unequal gait; a limp; a halt; as, he has a hobble in his gait.
Swift.

2. Same as Hopple.

3. Difficulty; perplexity; embarrassment. Waterton.

HOBBLEBUSH
Hob"ble*bush`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A low bush (Viburnum lantanoides) having long, straggling
branches and handsome flowers. It is found in the Northern United
States. Called also shinhopple.

HOBBLEDEHOY; HOBBLETEHOY
Hob"ble*de*hoy`, Hob"ble*te*hoy`, n. [Written also hobbetyhoy,
hobbarddehoy, hobbedehoy, hobdehoy.] Etym: [ Cf. Prob. E. hobbledygee
with a limping movement; also F. hobereau, a country squire, E.
hobby, and OF. hoi to-day; perh. the orig. sense was, an upstart of
to-day.]

Defn: A youth between boy and man; an awkward, gawky young fellow .
[Colloq.]
All the men, boys, and hobbledehoys attached to the farm. Dickens. .

HOBBLER
Hob"bler, n.

Defn: One who hobbles.

HOBBLER
Hob"bler, n. Etym: [OE. also hobeler, OF. hobelier, LL. hobellarius.
See Hobby a horse.] (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: One who by his tenure was to maintain a horse for military
service; a kind of light horseman in the Middle Ages who was mounted
on a hobby. Hallam. Sir J. Davies.

HOBBLE SKIRT
Hob"ble skirt.

Defn: A woman's skirt so scant at the bottom as to restrain freedom
of movement after the fashion of a hobble. -- Hob"ble-skirt`ed, a.

HOBBLINGLY
Hob"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: With a limping step.

HOBBLY
Hob"bly, a.

Defn: Rough; uneven; causing one to hobble; as a hobbly road.

HOBBY
Hob"by, n.; pl. Hobbies. Etym: [OE. hobi; cf. OF. hobe, hobé, F.
hobereau a hobby, a species of falcon. OF. hober to move, stir. Cf.
Hobby a horse.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, strong-winged European falcon (Falco subbuteo),
formerly trained for hawking.

HOBBY; HOBBYHORSE
Hob"by, Hob"by*horse`, n. Etym: [OE. hobin a nag, OF. hobin hobby;
cf. hober to stir, move; prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. Dan.
hoppe a mare, dial. Sw. hoppa; perh. akin to E. hop to jump.]

1. A strong, active horse, of a middle size, said to have been
originally from Ireland; an ambling nag. Johnson.

2. A stick, often with the head or figure of a horse, on which boys
make believe to ride. [ Usually under the form hobbyhorse.]

3. A subject or plan upon which one is constantly setting off; a
favorite and ever-recurring theme of discourse, thought, or effort;
that which occupies one's attention unduly, or to the weariness of
others; a ruling passion. [Usually under the form hobby.]
Not one of them has any hobbyhorse, to use the phrase of Sterne.
Macaulay.

HOBBYHORSICAL
Hob`by*hors"ic*al, n.

Defn: Pertaining to, or having, a hobby or whim; eccentric;
whimsical.[Colloq.] Sterne.

HOBGOBLIN
Hob"gob`lin, n. Etym: [See 2d Hob, and Goblin.]

Defn: A frightful goblin; an imp; a bugaboo; also, a name formerly
given to the household spirit, Robin Goodfellow. Macaulay.

HOBILER
Hob"i*ler, n.Etym: [See 2d Hobbler.]

Defn: A light horseman. See 2d Hobbler. [Obs.] Brande & C.

HOBIT
Ho"bit, n. Etym: [See Howitzer.] (Mil.)

Defn: A small mortar on a gun carriage, in use before the howitzer.

HOBNAIL
Hob"nail`, n. Etym: [1st hob + nail.]

1. A short, sharp-pointed, large-headed nail, -- used in shoeing
houses and for studding the soles of heavy shoes.

2. A clownish person; a rustic. Milton. Hobnail liver (Med.), a
disease in which the liver is shrunken, hard, and covered with
projections like hobnails; one of the forms of cirrhosis of the
liver.

HOBNAIL
Hob"nail`, v. t.

Defn: To tread down roughly, as with hobnailed shoes.
Your rights and charters hobnailed into slush. Tennyson.

HOBNAILED
Hob"nailed`, a.

Defn: See with hobnails, as a shoe.

HOBNOB
Hob"nob`, adv. Etym: [AS. habban to have + habban to have not; ne not
+ habban to have. See Have, and cf. Habnab.]

1. Have or have not; -- a familiar invitation to reciprocal drinking.
Shak.

2. At random; hit or miss. (Obs.) Holinshed.

HOBNOB
Hob"nob`, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hornobbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hornobbing.]

1. To drink familiarly (with another). [ Written also hob-a-nob.]

2. To associate familiarly; to be on intimate terms.

HOBNOB
Hob"nob`, n.

Defn: Familiar, social intercourse. W. Black.

HOBO
Ho"bo, n.; pl. Hobos or Hoboes (#). [Of uncertain origin.]

Defn: A professional tramp; one who spends his life traveling from
place to place, esp. by stealing rides on trains, and begging for a
living. [U. S.] -- Ho"bo*ism (#), n.

HOBORNOB
Hob"or*nob`, adv.

Defn: See Hobnob.

HOBOY
Ho"boy, n.

Defn: A hautboy or oboe. [Obs.]

HOBSON'S CHOICE
Hob"son's choice".

Defn: A choice without an alternative; the thing offered or nothing.

Note: It is said to have had its origin in the name of one Hobson, at
Cambridge, England, who let horses, and required every customer to
take in his turn the horse which stood next the stable door.

HOCCO
Hoc"co, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crested curassow; -- called also royal pheasant. See
Curassow.

HOCHEPOT
Hoche"pot, n.

Defn: Hotchpot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HOCK
Hock, n. Etym: [So called from Hochheim, in Germany.]

Defn: A Rhenish wine, of a light yellow color, either sparkling or
still. The name is also given indiscriminately to all Rhenish wines.

HOCK; HOUGH
Hock, Hough (, n. Etym: [ AS. h the heel; prob. akin to Icel. hasinn
hock sinew, Dan. hasc, G. hechse, hächse, LG. hacke, D.hak; also to
L. coxa hip (cf. Cuisses), Skr. kaksha armpit. sq. root12. Cf. Heel.]

1.
(a) The joint in the hind limb of quadrupeds between the leg and
shank, or tibia and tarsus, and corresponding to the ankle in man.
(b) A piece cut by butchers, esp. in pork, from either the front or
hind leg, just above the foot.

2. The popliteal space; the ham.

HOCK
Hock, v. t.

Defn: To disable by cutting the tendons of the hock; to hamstring; to
hough.

HOCKAMORE
Hock"a*more, n. Etym: [See 1st Hock.]

Defn: A Rhenish wine. [Obs.] See Hock. Hudibras.

HOCKDAY
Hock"day`, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. hocor mockery, scorn.]

Defn: A holiday commemorating the expulsion of the Danes, formerly
observed on the second Tuesday after Easter; -- called also hocktide.
[Eng.] [Written also hokeday.]

HOCKEY
Hock"ey, n. Etym: [From Hook, n.]

1. A game in which two parties of players, armed with sticks curved
or hooked at the end, attempt to drive any small object (as a ball or
a bit of wood) toward opposite goals.

2. The stick used by the players. [Written also hookey and hawkey.]

HOCKHERB
Hock"herb`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The mallow.

HOCKLE
Hoc"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hockled(); p. pr. & vb. n. Hockling.]
Etym: [From 2d Hock.]

1. To hamstring; to hock; to hough. Hanmer.

2. To mow, as stubble. Mason.

HOCUS
Ho"cus, v. t. Etym: [See Hocus-pocus.]

1. To deceive or cheat. Halliwell.

2. To adulterate; to drug; as, liquor is said to be hocused for the
purpose of stupefying the drinker. Dickens.

3. To stupefy with drugged liquor. Thackeray.

HOCUS
Ho"cus, n.

1. One who cheats or deceives. South.

2. Drugged liquor.

HOCUSPOCUS; HOCUS-POCUS
Ho"cus*po"cus, n. Etym: [Prob. invented by jugglers in imitation of
Latin. Cf. Hoax, Hocus .]

1. A term used by jugglers in pretended incantations.

2. A juggler or trickster. Sir T. Herbert.

3. A juggler's trick; a cheat; nonsense. Hudibras.

HOCUSPOCUS; HOCUS-POCUS
Ho"cus*po"cus, v. t.

Defn: To cheat. [Colloq.] L'Estrange.

HOD
Hod, n. Etym: [Prov. E. for hold, i. e., that which holds. See Hold.]

1. A kind of wooden tray with a handle, borne on the shoulder, for
carrying mortar, brick, etc.

2. A utensil for holding coal; a coal scuttle.

HODDENGRAY
Hod"den*gray`, a. Etym: [Perh. akin to E. hoiden rustic, clownish.]

Defn: Applied to coarse cloth made of undyed wool, formerly worn by
Scotch peasants. [Scot.]

HODDY
Hod"dy, n. Etym: [Prob. for hooded.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Dun crow, under Dun, a.

HODDYDODDY
Hod"dy*dod`dy, n. Etym: [Prob. E. also hoddypeke, hoddypoule,
hoddymandoddy.]

Defn: An awkward or foolish person. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

HODGEPODGE
Hodge"podge`, n.

Defn: A mixed mass; a medley. See Hotchpot. Johnson.

HODGKIN'S DISEASE
Hodg`kin's dis*ease". (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition characterized by progressive anæmia and
enlargement of the lymphatic glands; -- first described by Dr.
Hodgkin, an English physician.

HODIERN; HODIERNAL
Ho"di*ern, Ho`di*er"nal, a. Etym: [L. hodiernus, fr. hodie today.]

Defn: Of this day; belonging to the present day. [R.] Boyle. Quart.
Rev.

HODMAN
Hod"man, n.; pl. Hodmen(

Defn: A man who carries a hod; a mason's tender.

HODMANDOD
Hod"man*dod, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Dodman. Bacon.

HODOGRAPH
Hod"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr.graph.] (Math.)

Defn: A curve described by the moving extremity of a line the other
end of which is fixed, this line being constantly parallel to the
direction of motion of, and having its length constantly proportional
to the velocity of, a point moving in any path; -used in
investigations respecting central forces.

HODOMETER
Ho*dom"e*ter, n.

Defn: See Odometer.

HOE
Hoe, n. Etym: [OF. hoe, F. houe; of German origin, cf. OHG. houwa,
howa, G. haue, fr. OHG. houwan to hew. See Hew to cut.]

1. A tool chiefly for digging up weeds, and arranging the earth about
plants in fields and gardens. It is made of a flat blade of iron or
steel having an eye or tang by which it is attached to a wooden
handle at an acute angle.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The horned or piked dogfish. See Dogfish. Dutch hoe, one having
the blade set for use in the manner of a spade.
 -- Horse hoe, a kind of cultivator.

HOE
Hoe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoeing.] Etym: [Cf. F.
houer.]

Defn: To cut, dig, scrape, turn, arrange, or clean, with a hoe; as,
to hoe the earth in a garden; also, to clear from weeds, or to loosen
or arrange the earth about, with a hoe; as, to hoe corn. To hoe one's
row, to do one's share of a job. [Colloq.]

HOE
Hoe, v. i.

Defn: To use a hoe; to labor with a hoe.

HOECAKE
Hoe"cake`, n.

Defn: A cake of Indian meal, water, and salt, baked before the fire
or in the ashes; -- so called because often cooked on a hoe.
[Southern U.S.]

HOEMOTHER
Hoe"moth`er, n. Etym: [A local Orkney name; cf. Icel.har.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The basking or liver shark; -- called also homer. See Liver
shark, under Liver.

HOFUL
Ho"ful, a. Etym: [AS.hogful, hohful, fr. hogu care, anxiety.]

Defn: Careful; wary. [Obs.] Stapleton.

HOG
Hog, n. Etym: [Prob. akin to E. hack to cut, and meaning orig., a
castrated boar; cf. also W. hwch swine, sow, Armor. houc'h, hoc'h.
Cf. Haggis, Hogget, and Hoggerel.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A quadruped of the genus Sus, and allied genera of Suidæ; esp.,
the domesticated varieties of S. scrofa, kept for their fat and meat,
called, respectively, lard and pork; swine; porker; specifically, a
castrated boar; a barrow.

Note: The domestic hogs of Siam, China, and parts of Southern Europe,
are thought to have been derived from Sus Indicus.

2. A mean, filthy, or gluttonous fellow. [Low.]

3. A young sheep that has not been shorn. [Eng.]

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A rough, flat scrubbing broom for scrubbing a ship's bottom
under water. Totten.

5. (Paper Manuf.) A device for mixing and stirring the pulp of which
paper is made. Bush hog, Ground hog, etc. See under Bush, Ground,
etc.
 -- Hog caterpillar (Zoöl.), the larva of the green grapevine sphinx;
-- so called because the head and first three segments are much
smaller than those behind them, so as to make a resemblance to a
hog's snout. See Hawk moth.
 -- Hog cholera, an epidemic contagious fever of swine, attended by
liquid, fetid, diarrhea, and by the appearance on the skin and mucous
membrane of spots and patches of a scarlet, purple, or black color.
It is fatal in from one to six days, or ends in a slow, uncertain
recovery. Law (Farmer's Veter. Adviser. )-- Hog deer (Zoöl.), the
axis deer.
 -- Hog gum (Bot.), West Indian tree (Symphonia globulifera),
yielding an aromatic gum.
 -- Hog of wool, the trade name for the fleece or wool of sheep of
the second year.
 -- Hog peanut (Bot.), a kind of earth pea.
 -- Hog plum (Bot.), a tropical tree, of the genus Spondias (S.
lutea), with fruit somewhat resembling plums, but chiefly eaten by
hogs. It is found in the West Indies.
 -- Hog's bean (Bot.), the plant henbane.
 -- Hog's bread.(Bot.) See Sow bread.
 -- Hog's fennel. (Bot.) See under Fennel.
 -- Mexican hog (Zoöl.), the peccary.
 -- Water hog. (Zoöl.) See Capybara.

HOG
Hog, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hogged; p. pr. & vb. n. Hogging.]

1. To cut short like bristles; as, to hog the mane of a horse. Smart.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To scrub with a hog, or scrubbing broom.

HOG
Hog, v. i. (Naut.)

Defn: To become bent upward in the middle, like a hog's back; -- said
of a ship broken or strained so as to have this form.

HOGBACK
Hog"back`, n.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: An upward curve or very obtuse angle in the upper surface of
any member, as of a timber laid horizontally; -- the opposite of
camber.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: See Hogframe.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: A ridge formed by tilted strata; hence, any ridge with a sharp
summit, and steeply sloping sides.

HOGCHAIN
Hog"chain`, n.

Defn: A chain or tie rod, in a boat or barge, to prevent the vessel
from hogging.

HOGCHOKER
Hog"chok`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American sole (Achirus lineatus, or A. achirus), related to
the European sole, but of no market value.

HOGCOTE
Hog"cote`, n.

Defn: A shed for swine; a sty.

HOGFISH
Hog"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A large West Indian and Florida food fish (Lachnolæmus).
(b) The pigfish or sailor's choice.
(c) An American fresh-water fish; the log perch.
(d) A large, red, spiny-headed, European marine fish (Scorpæna
scrofa).

HOGFRAME
Hog"frame`, n. (Steam Vessels)

Defn: A trussed frame extending fore and aft, usually above deck, and
intended to increase the longitudinal strength and stiffness. Used
chiefly in American river and lake steamers. Called also hogging
frame, and hogback.

HOGGED
Hogged, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Broken or strained so as to have an upward curve between the
ends. See Hog, v. i.

HOGGER
Hog"ger, n.

Defn: A stocking without a foot, worn by coal miners at work.

HOGGEREL
Hog"ger*el, n. Etym: [From the same source as hog; prob. orig., a
sheep clipped the first year. See Hog.]

Defn: A sheep of the second year. [Written also hogrel.] Ash.

HOGGER-PIPE; HOGGERPIPE
Hog"ger*-pipe`, n. (Mining)

Defn: The upper terminal pipe of a mining pump. Raymond.

HOGGER-PUMP
Hog"ger-pump", n. (Mining)

Defn: The for pump in the pit. Raymond.

HOGGERY
Hog"ger*y, n.

Defn: Hoggish character or manners; selfishness; greed; beastliness.
Crime and shame And all their hoggery. Mrs. Browning.

HOGGET
Hog"get, n. Etym: [See Hog, and Hoggerel.]

1. A young boar of the second year.

2. A sheep or colt alter it has passed its first year.

HOGGING
Hog"ging, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Drooping at the ends; arching;-in distinction from sagging.
Hogging frame. See Hogframe.

HOGGISH
Hog"gish, a.

Defn: Swinish; gluttonous; filthy; selfish.
 -- Hog"gish*ly, adv.
 -- Hog"gish*ness, n.
Is not a hoggish life the height of some men's wishes Shaftesbury.

HOGH
Hogh (ho), n. Etym: [Icel. haugr hill, mound; akin to E. high. See
High.]

Defn: A hill; a cliff. [Obs.] Spenser.

HOGHERD
Hog"herd, n.

Defn: A swineherd. W. Browne.

HOGMANAY
Hog`ma*nay" (, n.

Defn: The old name, in Scotland, for the last day of the year, on
which children go about singing, and receive a dole of bread or
cakes; also, the entertainment given on that day to a visitor, or the
gift given to an applicant. [Scot.]

HOGNOSESNAKE
Hog"nose`snake". (Zoöl.)

Defn: A harmless North American snake of the genus Heterodon, esp. H.
platyrhynos; -- called also puffing adder, blowing adder, and sand
viper.

HOGNUT
Hog"nut`, n. (Bot.)
(a) The pignut. See Hickory.
(b) In England, the Bunium flexuosum, a tuberous plant.

HOGO
Ho"go, n. Etym: [Corrupted from F. haut goût.]

Defn: High flavor; strong scent. [Obs.] Halliwell.

HOGPEN
Hog"pen`, n.

Defn: A pen or sty for hogs.

HOGREEVE
Hog"reeve`, n. Etym: [See Reeve.]

Defn: A civil officer charged with the duty of impounding hogs
running at large. [New Eng.] Bartlett.

HOGRINGER
Hog"ring`er, n.

Defn: One who puts rings into the snouts of hogs.

HOG'S-BACK
Hog's"-back`, n. (Geol.)

Defn: A hogback.

HOGSCORE
Hog"score`, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Curling)

Defn: A distance lime brawn across the rink or course between the
middle line and the tee. [Scot.]

HOGSHEAD
Hogs"head, n. Etym: [D. okshoofd; akin to Sw. oxhufvud, Dan.
oxehoved, G. oxhoft; apparently meaning orig., ox head, but it is not
known why this name was given. Cf. Ox, Head.]

1. An English measure of capacity, containing 63 wine gallons, or
about 52

Note: The London hogshead of beer was 54 beer gallons, the London
hogshead of ale was 48 ale gallons. Elsewhere in England the ale and
beer hogsheads held 51 gallons. These measures are no longer in use,
except for cider.

2. A large cask or barrel, of indefinite contents; esp. one
containing from 100 to 140 gallons. [U. S.]

HOGSKIN
Hog"skin`, n.

Defn: Leather tanned from a hog's skin. Also used adjectively.

HOGSTY
Hog"sty`, n.; pl. Hogsties (.

Defn: A pen, house, or inclosure, for hogs.

HOGWASH
Hog"wash`, n.

Defn: Swill. Arbuthnot.

HOGWEED
Hog"weed`, n. (Bot.)
(a) A common weed (Ambrosia artemisiæge). See Ambrosia, 3.
(b) In England, the Heracleum Sphondylium.

HOIDEN
Hoi"den, n. Etym: [OE. hoydon a lout, rustic, OD. heyden a heathen,
gypsy, vagabond, D. heiden, fr. OD. heyde heath, D. heide. See
Heathen, Heath.] [Written also hoyden.]

1. A rude, clownish youth. [Obs.] Milton.

2. A rude, bold girl; a romp. H. Kingsley.

HOIDEN
Hoi"den, a.

Defn: Rustic; rude; bold. Younq.

HOIDEN
Hoi"den, v. i.

Defn: To romp rudely or indecently. Swift.

HOIDENHOOD
Hoi"den*hood, n.

Defn: State of being a hoiden.

HOIDENISH
Hoi"den*ish, a.

Defn: Like, or appropriate to, a hoiden.

HOISE
Hoise, v. t. Etym: [See Hoist.]

Defn: To hoist. [Obs.]
They . . . hoised up the mainsail to the wind. Acts xxvii. 40.

HOIST
Hoist, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoisting.] Etym:
[OE. hoise, hyse, OD. hyssen, D. hijshen; akin to LG. hissen, Dan.
hisse, Sw. hissa.]

Defn: To raise; to lift; to elevate; esp., to raise or lift to a
desired elevation, by means of tackle, as a sail, a flag, a heavy
package or weight.
They land my goods, and hoist my flying sails. Pope.
Hoisting him into his father's throne. South.
Hoisting engine, a steam engine for operating a hoist.

HOIST
Hoist, n.

1. That by which anything is hoisted; the apparatus for lifting
goods.

2. The act of hoisting; a lift. [Collog.]

3. (fly, or horizontal length when flying from a staff. (b) The
height of a fore-and-aft sail next the mast or stay. Totten. Hoist
bridge, a drawbridge that is lifted instead of being swung or drawn
aside.

HOIST
Hoist, p. p.

Defn: Hoisted. [Obs.]
'Tis the sport to have the enginer Hoist with his own petar. Shak.

HOISTAWAY
Hoist"a*way`, n.

Defn: A mechanical lift. See Elevator.

HOISTWAY
Hoist"way`, n.

Defn: An opening for the hoist, or

HOIT
Hoit, v. i. Etym: [Gf. W. hoetian to dally, dandle.]

Defn: To leap; to caper; to romp noisily. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

HOITY-TOITY
Hoi"ty-toi`ty, a. Etym: [From Hoit.]

Defn: Thoughtless; giddy; flighty; also, haughty; patronizing; as, to
be in hoity-toity spirits, or to assume hoity-toity airs; used also
as an exclamation, denoting surprise or disapprobation, with some
degree of contempt.
Hoity-toity! What have I to do with dreams Congreve.

HOKEDAY
Hoke"day`, n.

Defn: Same as Hockday.

HOKER
Ho"ker, n. Etym: [AS. h.]

Defn: Scorn; derision; abusive talk. [Obs.] -- Ho"ker*ly, adv. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

HOL
Hol, a. Etym: [See Whole.]

Defn: Whole. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HOLARCTIC
Hol"arc*tic, a.  [Holo- + arctic.]

Defn: Of or pert. to the arctic regions collectively; specif.
(Zoögeography),

Defn: designating a realm or region including the northern parts of
the Old and the New World. It comprises the Palearctic and Nearctic
regions or subregions.

HOLASPIDEAN
Hol`as*pid"e*an, a. Etym: [Holo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a single series of large scutes on the posterior side of
the tarsus; -- said of certain birds.

HOLCAD
Hol"cad, n. Etym: [Gr. 'olka`s, -a`dos, a ship which is towed, a ship
of burden, fr. 'e`lkein to draw. Gf. Hulk.]

Defn: A large ship of burden, in ancient Greece. Mitford.

HOLD
Hold, n. Etym: [D. hol hole, hollow. See Hole.] (Naut.)

Defn: The whole interior portion of a vessel below the lower deck, in
which the cargo is stowed.

HOLD
Hold, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Held; p. pr. & vb. n. Holding. Holden (, p.
p., is obs. in elegant writing, though still used in legal language.]
Etym: [OE. haldan, D. houden, OHG. hoten, Icel. halda, Dan. holde,
Sw. hålla, Goth. haldan to feed, tend (the cattle); of unknown
origin. Gf. Avast, Halt, Hod.]

1. To cause to remain in a given situation, position, or relation,
within certain limits, or the like; to prevent from falling or
escaping; to sustain; to restrain; to keep in the grasp; to retain.
The loops held one curtain to another. Ex. xxxvi. 12.
Thy right hand shall hold me. Ps. cxxxix. 10.
They all hold swords, being expert in war. Cant. iii.
In vain he seeks, that having can not hold. Spenser.
France, thou mayst hold a serpent by the tongue, . . . A fasting
tiger safer by the tooth, Than keep in peace that hand which thou
dost hold. Shak.

2. To retain in one's keeping; to maintain possession of, or
authority over; not to give up or relinquish; to keep; to defend.
We mean to hold what anciently we claim Of deity or empire. Milton.

3. To have; to possess; to be in possession of; to occupy; to derive
title to; as, to hold office.
This noble merchant held a noble house. Chaucer.
Of him to hold his seigniory for a yearly tribute. Knolles.
And now the strand, and now the plain, they held. Dryden.

4. To impose restraint upon; to limit in motion or action; to bind
legally or morally; to confine; to restrain.
We can not hold mortality's strong hand. Shak.
Death! what do'st O,hold thy blow. Grashaw.
He hat not sufficient judgment and self-command to hold his tongue.
Macaulay.

5. To maintain in being or action; to carry on; to prosecute, as a
course of conduct or an argument; to continue; to sustain.
Hold not thy peace, and be not still. Ps. lxxxiii. 1.
Seedtime and harvest, heat and hoary frost, Shall hold their course.
Milton.

6. To prosecute, have, take, or join in, as something which is the
result of united action; as to, hold a meeting, a festival, a
session, etc.; hence, to direct and bring about officially; to
conduct or preside at; as, the general held a council of war; a judge
holds a court; a clergyman holds a service.
I would hold more talk with thee. Shak.

7. To receive and retain; to contain as a vessel; as, this pail holds
milk; hence, to be able to receive and retain; to have capacity or
containing power for.
Broken cisterns that can hold no water. Jer. ii. 13.
One sees more devils than vast hell can hold. Shak.

8. To accept, as an opinion; to be the adherent of, openly or
privately; to persist in, as a purpose; to maintain; to sustain.
Stand fast and hold the traditions which ye have been taught. 2 Thes.
ii.15.
But still he held his purpose to depart. Dryden.

9. To consider; to regard; to esteem; to account; to think; to judge.
I hold him but a fool. Shak.
I shall never hold that man my friend. Shak.
The Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.
Ex. xx. 7.

10. To bear, carry, or manage; as he holds himself erect; he holds
his head high.
Let him hold his fingers thus. Shak.
To hold a wager, to lay or hazard a wager. Swift.
 -- To hold forth, to offer; to exhibit; to propose; to put forward.
"The propositions which books hold forth and pretend to teach."
Locke.
 -- To held in, to restrain; to curd.
 -- To hold in hand, to toy with; to keep in expectation; to have in
one's power. [Obs.]
O, fie! to receive favors, return falsehoods, And hold a lady in
hand. Beaw. & Fl.
--To hold in play, to keep under control; to dally with. Macaulay.
 -- To hold off, to keep at a distance.
 -- To hold on, to hold in being, continuance or position; as, to
hold a rider on.
 -- To hold one's day, to keep one's appointment. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- To hold one's own. (a) To keep good one's present condition
absolutely or relatively; not to fall off, or to lose ground; as, a
ship holds her own when she does not lose ground in a race or chase;
a man holds his own when he does not lose strength or weight.
 -- To hold one's peace, to keep silence.- To hold out. (a) To
extend; to offer. "Fortune holds out these to you as rewards." B.
Jonson. (b) To continue to do or to suffer; to endure. "He can not
long hold out these pangs." Shak.
 -- To hold up. (a) To raise; to lift; as, hold up your head. (b) To
support; to sustain. "He holds himself up in virtue."Sir P. Sidney.
(c) To exhibit; to display; as, he was held up as an example. (d) To
rein in; to check; to halt; as, hold up your horses.
 -- To hold water. (a) Literally, to retain water without leaking;
hence (Fig.), to be whole, sound, consistent, without gaps or holes;
-- commonly used in a negative sense; as, his statements will not
hold water. [Collog.] (b) (Naut.) To hold the oars steady in the
water, thus checking the headway of a boat.

HOLD
Hold, n. i.

Defn: In general, to keep one's self in a given position or
condition; to remain fixed. Hence:

1. Not to more; to halt; to stop;-mostly in the imperative.
And damned be him that first cries, "Hold, enough!" Shak.

2. Not to give way; not to part or become separated; to remain
unbroken or unsubdued.
Our force by land hath nobly held. Shak.

3. Not to fail or be found wanting; to continue; to last; to endure a
test or trial; to abide; to persist.
While our obedience holds. Milton.
The rule holds in land as all other commodities. Locke.

4. Not to fall away, desert, or prove recreant; to remain attached;
to cleave;-often with with, to, or for.
He will hold to the one and despise the other. Matt. vi. 24

5. To restrain one's self; to refrain.
His dauntless heart would fain have held From weeping, but his eyes
rebelled. Dryden.

6. To derive right or title; -- generally with of.
My crown is absolute, and holds of none. Dryden.
His imagination holds immediately from nature. Hazlitt.
Hold on! Hold up! wait; stop; forbear. [Collog] -- To hold forth, to
speak in public; to harangue; to preach. L'Estrange.
 -- To hold in, to restrain one's self; as, he wanted to laugh and
could hardly hold in.
 -- To hold off, to keep at a distance.
 -- To hold on, to keep fast hold; to continue; to go on. "The trade
held on for many years," Swift.
 -- To hold out, to last; to endure; to continue; to maintain one's
self; not to yield or give way.
 -- To hold over, to remain in office, possession, etc., beyond a
certain date.
 -- To hold to or with, to take sides with, as a person or opinion.
 -- To hold together, to be joined; not to separate; to remain in
union. Dryden. Locke.
 -- To hold up. (a) To support one's self; to remain unbent or
unbroken; as, to hold up under misfortunes. (b) To cease raining; to
cease to stop; as, it holds up. Hudibras. (c) To keep up; not to fall
behind; not to lose ground. Collier.

HOLD
Hold, n.

1. The act of holding, as in or with the hands or arms; the manner of
holding, whether firm or loose; seizure; grasp; clasp; gripe;
possession; -- often used with the verbs take and lay.
Ne have I not twelve pence within mine hold. Chaucer.
Thou should'st lay hold upon him. B. Jonson.
My soul took hold on thee. Addison.
Take fast hold of instruction. Pror. iv. 13.

2. The authority or ground to take or keep; claim.
The law hath yet another hold on you. Shak.

3. Binding power and influence.
Fear . . . by which God and his laws take the surest hold of.
Tillotson.

4. Something that may be grasped; means of support.
If a man be upon an high place without rails or good hold, he is
ready to fall. Bacon.

5. A place of confinement; a prison; confinement; custody; guard.
They . . . put them in hold unto the next day. Acts. iv. 3.
King Richard, he is in the mighty hold Of Bolingbroke. Shak.

6. A place of security; a fortified place; a fort; a castle; -- often
called a stronghold. Chaucer.
New comers in an ancient hold Tennyson.

7. (Mus.)

Defn: A character [thus pause, and corona.

HOLDBACK
Hold"back`, n.

1. Check; hindrance; restraint; obstacle.
The only holdback is the affection . . . that we bear to our wealth.
Hammond.

2. The projection or loop on the thill of a vehicle. to which a strap
of the harness is attached, to hold back a carriage when going down
hill, or in backing; also, the strap or part of the harness so used.

HOLDER
Hold"er, ( n.

Defn: One who is employed in the hold of a vessel.

HOLDER
Hold"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, holds.

2. One who holds land, etc., under another; a tenant.

3. (Com.)

Defn: The payee of a bill of exchange or a promissory note, or the
one who owns or holds it.

Note: Holder is much used as the second part of a compound; as,
shareholder, officeholder, stockholder,etc.

HOLDER-FORTH
Hold"er-forth`, n.

Defn: One who speaks in public; an haranguer; a preacher. Addison.

HOLDFAST
Hold"fast`, n.

1. Something used to secure and hold in place something else, as a
long fiat-headed nail, a catch a hook, a clinch, a clamp, etc.;
hence, a support. "His holdfast was gone." Bp. Montagu.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A conical or branching body, by which a seaweed is attached to
its support, and differing from a root in that it is not specially
absorbent of moisture.

HOLDING
Hold"ing, n.

1. The act or state of sustaining, grasping, or retaining.

2. A tenure; a farm or other estate held of another.

3. That which holds, binds, or influences. Burke.

4. The burden or chorus of a song. [Obs.] Shak. Holding note (Mus.),
a note sustained in one part, while the other parts move.

HOLE
Hole, a.

Defn: Whole. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HOLE
Hole, n. Etym: [OE. hol, hole, AS. hol, hole, cavern, from hol, a.,
hollow; akin to D. hol, OHG. hol, G. hohl, Dan.huul hollow, hul hole,
Sw. hål, Icel. hola; prob. from the root of AS. helan to conceal. See
Hele, Hell, and cf. Hold of a ship.]

1. A hollow place or cavity; an excavation; a pit; an opening in or
through a solid body, a fabric, etc.; a perforation; a rent; a
fissure.
The holes where eyes should be. Shak.
The blind walls Were full of chinks and holes. Tennyson.
The priest took a chest, and bored a hole in the lid. 2 Kings xii. 9.

2. An excavation in the ground, made by an animal to live in, or a
natural cavity inhabited by an animal; hence, a low, narrow, or dark
lodging or place; a mean habitation. Dryden.
The foxes have holes, . . . but the Son of man hath not where to lay
his head. Luke ix. 58.

Syn.
 -- Hollow; concavity; aperture; rent; fissure; crevice; orifice;
interstice; perforation; excavation; pit; cave; den; cell. Hole and
corner, clandestine, underhand. [Colloq.] "The wretched trickery of
hole and corner buffery. " Dickens.
 -- Hole board (Fancy Weaving), a board having holes through which
cords pass which lift certain warp threads; -- called also compass
board.

HOLE
Hole, v. t. Etym: [AS. holian. See Hole, n.]

1. To cut, dig, or bore a hole or holes in; as, to hole a post for
the insertion of rails or bars. Chapman.

2. To drive into a hole, as an animal, or a billiard ball.

HOLE
Hole, v. i.

Defn: To go or get into a hole. B. Jonson.

HOLE IN THE AIR
Hole in the air. (Aëronautics)

Defn: = Air hole, above.

HOLETHNIC
Hol*eth"nic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a holethnos or parent race.
The holethnic history of the Arians. London Academy.

HOLETHNOS
Hol*eth"nos, n. Etym: [Holo + Gr.

Defn: A parent stock or race of people, not yet divided into separate
branches or tribes.

HOLIBUT
Hol"i*but, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Halibut.

HOLIDAM
Hol"i*dam, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Halidom.

HOLIDAY
Hol"i*day, n. Etym: [Holy + day.]

1. A consecrated day; religious anniversary; a day set apart in honor
of some person, or in commemoration of some event. See Holyday.

2. A day of exemption from labor; a day of amusement and gayety; a
festival day.
And young and old come forth to play On a sunshine holiday. Milton.

3. (Law)

Defn: A day fixed by law for suspension of business; a legal holiday.

Note: In the United States legal holidays, so called, are determined
by law, commonly by the statutes of the several States. The holidays
most generally observed are: the 22d day of February (Washington's
birthday), the 30th day of May (Memorial day), the 4th day of July
(Independence day), the 25th day of December (Christmas day). In most
of the States the 1st day of January is a holiday. When any of these
days falls on Sunday, usually the Monday following is observed as the
holiday. In many of the States a day in the spring (as Good Friday,
or the first Thursday in April), and a day in the fall (as the last
Thursday in November) are now regularly appointed by Executive
proclamation to be observed, the former as a day of fasting and
prayer, the latter as a day of thanksgiving and are kept as holidays.
In England, the days of the greater church feasts (designated in the
calendar by a red letter, and commonly called red-letter days) are
observed as general holidays. Bank holidays are those on which, by
act of Parliament, banks may suspend business. Although Sunday is a
holiday in the sense of a day when business is legally suspended, it
is not usually included in the general term, the phrase "Sundays and
holidays" being more common. The holidays, any fixed or usual period
for relaxation or festivity; especially, Christmas and New Year's day
with the intervening time.

HOLIDAY
Hol`i*day, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a festival; cheerful; joyous; gay. Shak.

2. Occurring rarely; adapted for a special occasion.
Courage is but a holiday kind of virtue, to be seldom exercised.
Dryden.

HOLILY
Ho"li*ly, adv. Etym: [From Holy.]

1. Piously; with sanctity; in a holy manner.

2. Sacredly; inviolably. [R.] Shak.

HOLINESS
Ho"li*ness, n. Etym: [AS. halignes.]

1. The state or quality of being holy; perfect moral integrity or
purity; freedom from sin; sanctity; innocence.
Who is like thee, glorious in holiness! Ex. xv. 11.

2. The state of being hallowed, or consecrated to God or to his
worship; sacredness.
Israel was holiness unto the Lord. Jer.ii.3.
His holiness, a title of the pope; -- formerly given also to Greek
bishops and Greek emperors.

Syn.
 -- Piety; devotion; godliness; sanctity; sacredness; righteousness.

HOLING
Hol"ing, n. Etym: [See Hole a hollow.] (Mining)

Defn: Undercutting in a bed of coal, in order to bring down the upper
mass. Raymond.

HOLLA
Hol"la, interj. Etym: [F. hola; ho ho + là there, fr. L. illac that
way, there. Cf. Hollo.]

Defn: Hollo.

HOLLA
Hol"la, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hollaed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hollaing.]

Defn: See Hollo, v. i.

HOLLAND
Hol"land, n.

Defn: A kind of linen first manufactured in Holland; a linen fabric
used for window shades, children's garments, etc.; as, brown or
unbleached hollands.

HOLLANDAISE SAUCE; HOLLANDAISE
Hol`lan*daise" sauce, or Hol`lan*daise", n. [F. hollandaise, fem. of
hollandais Dutch.] (Cookery)

Defn: A sauce consisting essentially of a seasoned emulsion of butter
and yolk of eggs with a little lemon juice or vinegar.

HOLLANDER
Hol"land*er, n.

1. A native or one of the people of Holland; a Dutchman.

2. A very hard, semi-glazed, green or dark brown brick, which will
not absorb water; -- called also, Dutch clinker. Wagner.

HOLLANDISH
Hol"land*ish, a.

Defn: Relating to Holland; Dutch.

HOLLANDS
Hol"lands, n.

1. Gin made in Holland.

2. pl.

Defn: See Holland.

HOLLO
Hol*lo", interj. & n. Etym: [See Halloo, and cf. Holla.]

Defn: Ho there; stop; attend; hence, a loud cry or a call to attract
attention; a halloo.
And every day, for food or play, Came to the mariner's hollo.
Coleridge.

HOLLO
Hol"lo, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Holloed; p. pr. & vb. n. Holloing.] Etym:
[See Hollo, intery., and cf. Halloo.]

Defn: To call out or exclaim; to halloo.

HOLLOA
Hol*loa", interj., n. & v. i.

Defn: Same as Hollo.

HOLLOW
Hol"low, a. Etym: [OE. holow, holgh, holf, AS. holh a hollow, hole.
Cf. Hole.]

1. Having an empty space or cavity, natural or artificial, within a
solid substance; not solid; excavated in the interior; as, a hollow
tree; a hollow sphere.
Hollow with boards shalt thou make it. Ex. xxvii. 8..

2. Depressed; concave; gaunt; sunken.
With hollow eye and wrinkled brow. Shak.

3. Reverberated from a cavity, or resembling such a sound; deep;
muffled; as, a hollow roar. Dryden.

4. Not sincere or faithful; false; deceitful; not sound; as, a hollow
heart; a hollow friend. Milton. Hollow newel (Arch.), an opening in
the center of a winding staircase in place of a newel post, the
stairs being supported by the wall; an open newel; also, the
stringpiece or rail winding around the well of such a staircase.
 -- Hollow quoin (Engin.), a pier of stone or brick made behind the
lock gates of a canal, and containing a hollow or recess to receive
the ends of the gates.
 -- Hollow root. (Bot.) See Moschatel.
 -- Hollow square. See Square.
 -- Hollow ware, hollow vessels; -- a trade name for cast-iron
kitchen utensils, earthenware, etc.

Syn.- Concave; sunken; low; vacant; empty; void; false; faithless;
deceitful; treacherous.

HOLLOW
Hol"low, n.

1. A cavity, natural or artificial; an unfilled space within
anything; a hole, a cavern; an excavation; as the hollow of the hand
or of a tree.

2. A low spot surrounded by elevations; a depressed part of a
surface; a concavity; a channel.
Forests grew Upon the barren hollows. Prior.
I hate the dreadful hollow behind the little wood. Tennyson.

HOLLOW
Hol"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hollowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hollowing.]

Defn: To make hollow, as by digging, cutting, or engraving; to
excavate. "Trees rudely hollowed." Dryden.

HOLLOW
Hol"low, adv.

Defn: Wholly; completely; utterly; -- chiefly after the verb to beat,
and often with all; as, this story beats the other all hollow. See
All, adv. [Collog.]
The more civilized so-called Caucasian races have beaten the Turks
hollow in the struggle for existence. Darwin.

HOLLOW
Hol*low", interj. Etym: [See Hollo.]

Defn: Hollo.

HOLLOW
Hol"low, v. i.

Defn: To shout; to hollo.
Whisperings and hollowings are alike to a deaf ear. Fuller.

HOLLOW
Hol"low, v. t.

Defn: To urge or call by shouting.
He has hollowed the hounds. Sir W. Scott.

HOLLOW-HEARTED
Hol"low-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Insincere; deceitful; not sound and true; having a cavity or
decayed spot within.

Syn.
 -- Faithless; dishonest; false; treacherous.

HOLLOW-HORNED
Hol"low-horned`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having permanent horns with a bony core, as cattle.

HOLLOWLY
Hol"low*ly, adv.

Defn: Insincerely; deceitfully. Shak.

HOLLOWNESS
Hol"low*ness, n.

1. State of being hollow. Bacon.

2. Insincerity; unsoundness; treachery. South.

HOLLUSCHICKIE
Hol"lus*chick`ie, n. sing. &  pl. [Prob. of Russ. goluishka bare of
possessions, offspring, etc., fr. goluii naked.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young male fur seal, esp. one from three to six years old; --
called also bachelor, because prevented from breeding by the older
full-grown males.

 The holluschickie are the seals that may legally be killed for their
skins.

But he'll lie down on the killing grounds where the holluschickie go.
Kipling.

HOLLY
Hol"ly, adv.

Defn: Wholly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HOLLY
Hol"ly, n. Etym: [OE holi, holin, AS. holen, holegn; akin to D. & G.
hulst, OHG. huls hulis, W. celyn, Armor. kelen, Gael. cuilionn, Ir.
cuileann. Cf. 1st Holm, Hulver.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A tree or shrub of the genus Ilex. The European species (Ilex
Aguifolium) is best known, having glossy green leaves, with a spiny,
waved edge, and bearing berries that turn red or yellow about
Michaelmas.

Note: The holly is much used to adorn churches and houses, at
Christmas time, and hence is associated with scenes of good will and
rejoicing. It is an evergreen tree, and has a finegrained, heavy,
white wood. Its bark is used as a febrifuge, and the berries are
violently purgative and emetic. The American holly is the Ilex opaca,
and is found along the coast of the United States, from Maine
southward. Gray.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The holm oak. See 1st Holm. Holly-leaved oak (Bot.), the black
scrub oak. See Scrub oak.
 -- Holly rose (Bot.), a West Indian shrub, with showy, yellow
flowers (Turnera ulmifolia).
 -- Sea holly (Bot.), a species of Eryngium. See Eryngium.

HOLLYHOCK
Hol"ly*hock, n. Etym: [OE. holihoc; holi holy + hoc mallow, AS. hoc;
cf. W. hocys mallows, hocys bendigaid hollyhock, lit., blessed
mallow. Prob. so named because brought from the Holy Land. See Holy.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A species of Althæa (A. rosea), bearing flowers of various
colors; -- called also rose mallow.

HOLM
Holm, n. Etym: [OE., prob. from AS. holen holly; as the holly is also
called holm. See Holly.] (Bot.)

Defn: A common evergreen oak, of Europe (Quercus Ilex); -- called
also ilex, and holly.

HOLM
Holm, n. Etym: [AS. holm, usually meaning, sea, water; akin to Icel.
holmr, holmr, an island, Dan. holm, Sw. holme, G. holm, and prob. to
E. hill. Cf. Hill.]

1. An islet in a river. J. Brand.

2. Low, flat land. Wordsworth.
The soft wind blowing over meadowy holms. Tennyson.
Holm thrush (Zoöl.), the missel thrush.

HOLMIA
Hol"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oxide of holmium.

HOLMIUM
Hol"mi*um, n. Etym: [NL., of uncertain origin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare element said to be contained in gadolinite.
 -- Hol"mic, a.

HOLMOS
Hol"mos, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Greek & Etrus. Antiq.)

Defn: A name given to a vase having a rounded body; esp.:
(a) A closed vessel of nearly spherical form on a high stem or
pedestal. Fairholt.
(b) A drinking cup having a foot and stem.

HOLO-
Hol"o-.

Defn: A combining form fr. Gr. "o`los whole.

HOLOBLAST
Hol"o*blast, n. Etym: [Holo + -blast.] (Biol.)

Defn: an ovum composed entirely of germinal matter. See Meroblast.

HOLOBLASTIC
Hol`o*blas"tic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Undergoing complete segmentation; composed entirely of germinal
matter, the whole of the yolk undergoing fission; -- opposed to
meroblastic.

HOLOCAUST
Hol"o*caust, n. Etym: [L. holocaustum, Gr. "o'los whole + kaysto`s
burnt, fr. kai`ein to burn (cf. Caustic): cf. F. holocauste.]

1. A burnt sacrifice; an offering, the whole of which was consumed by
fire, among the Jews and some pagan nations. Milton.

2. Sacrifice or loss of many lives, as by the burning of a theater or
a ship.

Note: [An extended use not authorized by careful writers.]

HOLOCEPHALI
Hol`o*ceph"a*li, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. "o`los whole + (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of elasmobranch fishes, including, among living
species, only the chimæras; -- called also Holocephala. See Chimæra;
also Illustration in Appendix.

HOLOCRYPTIC
Hol`o*cryp"tic, a. Etym: [Holo-+ Gr. to conceal.]

Defn: Wholly or completely concealing; incapable of being deciphered.
Holocryptic cipher, a cipher so constructed as to afford no clew to
its meaning to one ignorant of the key.

HOLOCRYSTALLINE
Hol`o*crys"tal*line, a. Etym: [Holo + crystalline.] (Min.)

Defn: Completely crystalline; -- said of a rock like granite, all the
constituents of which are crystalline.

HOLOGRAPH
Hol"o*graph, n. Etym: [L.holographus entirely autograph, Gr.
"olo`grafos; "o`los whole + gra`fein to write: cf. F. holographe,
olographe.]

Defn: A document, as a letter, deed, or will, wholly in the
handwriting of the person from whom it proceeds and whose act it
purports to be.

HOLOGRAPHIC
Hol`o*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of the nature of a holograph; pertaining to holographs.

HOLOHEDRAL
Hol`o*he"dral, a. Etym: [Holo + Gr. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Having all the planes required by complete symmetry, -- in
opposition to hemihedral.

HOLOHEMIHEDRAL
Hol`o*hem`i*he"dral, a. Etym: [Holo- + hemihedral.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: Presenting hemihedral forms, in which all the sectants have
halt the whole number of planes. Dana.

HOLOMETABOLA
Hol`o*me*tab"o*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Holo-, and Metabola.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Those insects which have a complete metamorphosis; metabola.

HOLOMETABOLIC
Hol`o*met`a*bol"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a complete metamorphosis;-said of certain insects, as
the butterflies and bees.

HOLOMETER
Ho*lom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Holo + -meter: cf. F. holometre.]

Defn: An instrument for making of angular measurements.

HOLOPHANEROUS
Hol`o*phan"er*ous, a. Etym: [Holo + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Holometabolic.

HOLOPHOTAL
Hol`o*pho"tal, a. Etym: [Holo + Gr. (Opt.)

Defn: Causing no loss of light; -- applied to reflectors which throw
back the rays of light without perceptible loss.

HOLOPHOTE
Hol"o*phote, n.

Defn: A lamp with lenses or reflectors to collect the rays of light
and throw them in a given direction; -- used in lighthouses.

HOLOPHRASTIC
Hol`o*phras"tic, a. Etym: [Holo + Gr. holophrastique.]

Defn: Expressing a phrase or sentence in a single word, -- as is the
case in the aboriginal languages of America.

HOLOPHYTIC
Hol`o*phyt"ic, a. Etym: [Holo + Gr.

Defn: Wholly or distinctively vegetable. Holophytic nutrition (, that
form of nutrition, characteristic of vegetable organisms, in which
carbonic acid, ammonia, and nitrates are absorbed as food, in
distinction from the animal mode of nutrition, by the ingestion of
albuminous matter.

HOLORHINAL
Hol`o*rhi"nal, a. Etym: [Holo + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the nasal bones contiguous.

HOLOSIDERITE
Hol`o*sid"er*ite, n. Etym: [Holo + siderite.] (Min.)

Defn: Meteoric iron; a meteorite consisting of metallic iron without
stony matter.

HOLOSTEAN
Ho*los"te*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Holostei.

HOLOSTEI
Ho*los"te*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "o`los whole + (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division of ganoids, including the gar pike,
bowfin, etc.; the bony ganoids. See Illustration in Appendix.

HOLOSTERIC
Hol`o*ster"ic, a. Etym: [Holo + Gr.stereo`s solid.]

Defn: Wholly solid; -- said of a barometer constructed of solid
materials to show the variations of atmospheric pressure without the
use of liquids, as the aneroid.

HOLOSTOMATA
Hol`o*stom"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "o`los whole + sto`ma, -
atos, mouth.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An artificial division of gastropods, including those that have
an entire aperture.

HOLOSTOMATE
Ho*los"to*mate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Holostomatous.

HOLOSTOMATOUS
Hol`o*stom"a*tous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having an entire aperture; -- said of many univalve shells.

HOLOSTOME
Hol"o*stome, n. Etym: [Holo + Gr. sto`ma mouth.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Holostomata.

HOLOSTRACA
Ho*los"tra*ca, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of phyllopod Crustacea, including those that are
entirely covered by a bivalve shell.

HOLOTHURE
Hol"o*thure, n. Etym: [L. holothuria, pl., a sort of water polyp, Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A holothurian.

HOLOTHURIAN
Hol`o*thu"ri*an, a.

Defn: ( -- n.

Defn: One of the Holothurioidea.

Note: Some of the species of Holothurians are called sea cucumbers,
sea slugs, trepang, and bêche de mèr. Many are used as food, esp. by
the Chinese. See Trepang.

HOLOTHURIOIDEA
Hol`o*thu`ri*oi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Holothure, and -oid.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the classes of echinoderms.

Note: They have a more or less elongated body, often flattened
beneath, and a circle of tentacles, which are usually much branched,
surrounding the mouth; the skin is more or less flexible, and usually
contains calcareous plates of various characteristic forms, sometimes
becoming large and scalelike. Most of the species have five bands
(ambulacra) of sucker-bearing feet along the sides; in others these
are lacking. In one group (Pneumonophora) two branching internal
gills are developed; in another (Apneumona) these are wanting. Called
also Holothurida, Holothuridea, and Holothuroidea.

HOLOTRICHA
Ho*lot"ri*cha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of ciliated Infusoria, having cilia all over the body.

HOLOUR
Hol"our, n. Etym: [OF.holier.]

Defn: A whoremonger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HOLP; HOLPEN
Holp, Hol"pen,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Help. [Obs.] Shak.

HOLSOM
Hol"som, a.

Defn: Wholesome. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HOLSTEIN
Hol"stein, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a breed of cattle, originally from Schleswig-Holstein,
valued for the large amount of milk produced by the cows. The color
is usually black and white in irregular patches.

HOLSTER
Hol"ster, n. Etym: [D. holster; skin to AS. heolstor den, cave,
fr.helan to conceal, and to Icel. hulstr case, Goth.hulistr covering,
veil, huljan to cover. sq. root17. See Hele to cover, Hell, and cf.
Housing, Houss.]

Defn: A leather case for a pistol, carried by a horseman at the bow
of his saddle.

HOLSTERED
Hol"stered, a.

Defn: Bearing holsters. Byron.

HOLT
Holt,

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Hold, contr. from holdeth. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

HOLT
Holt, n. Etym: [AS. holt; akin to LG.holt, D.hout, G. holz. Icel.
holt; cf Gael. & Ir.coill wood, Gr.

1. A piece of woodland; especially, a woody hill. "Every holt and
heath." Chaucer.
She sent her voice though all the holt Before her, and the park.
Tennyson.

2. A deep hole in a river where there is protection for fish; also, a
cover, a hole, or hiding place. " The fox has gone to holt." C.
Kingsley.

HOLWE
Hol"we, a.

Defn: Hollow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HOLY
Ho"ly, a. [Compar. Holier; superl. Holiest.] Etym: [OE. holi, hali,
AS.halig, fr. hæl health, salvation, happiness, fr. hal whole, well;
akin to OS. h, D. & G.heilig, OHG. heilac, Dan. hellig, Sw. helig,
Icel. heilagr. See Whole, and cf. Halibut, Halidom, Hallow,
Hollyhock.]

1. Set apart to the service or worship of God; hallowed; sacred;
reserved from profane or common use; holy vessels; a holy priesthood.
"Holy rites and solemn feasts." Milton.

2. Spiritually whole or sound; of unimpaired innocence and virtue;
free from sinful affections; pure in heart; godly; pious;
irreproachable; guiltless; acceptable to God.
Now through her round of holy thought The Church our annual steps has
brought. Keble.
Holy Alliance (Hist.), a league ostensibly for conserving religion,
justice, and peace in Europe, but really for repressing popular
tendencies toward constitutional government, entered into by
Alexander I. of Russia, Francis I. of Austria, and Frederic William
III. of Prussia, at Paris, on the 26th of September, 1815, and
subsequently joined by all the sovereigns of Europe, except the pope
and the king of England.
 -- Holy bark. See Cascara sagrada.
 -- Holy Communion. See Eucharist.
 -- Holy family (Art), a picture in which the infant Christ, his
parents, and others of his family are represented.
 -- Holy Father, a title of the pope.
 -- Holy Ghost (Theol.),the third person of the Trinity; the
Comforter; the Paraclete.
 -- Holy Grail. See Grail.
 -- Holy grass (Bot.), a sweet-scented grass (Hierochloa borealis and
H. alpina). In the north of Europe it was formerly strewed before
church doors on saints' days; whence the name. It is common in the
northern and western parts of the United States. Called also vanilla,
or Seneca, grass.
 -- Holy Innocents' day, Childermas day.
 -- Holy Land, Palestine, the birthplace of Christianity.
 -- Holy office, the Inquisition.
 -- Holy of holies (Script.), the innermost apartment of the Jewish
tabernacle or temple, where the ark was kept, and where no person
entered, except the high priest once a year.
 -- Holy One. (a) The Supreme Being; -- so called by way of emphasis.
" The Holy One of Israel." Is. xliii. 14. (b) One separated to the
service of God.
 -- Holy orders. See Order.
 -- Holy rood, the cross or crucifix, particularly one placed, in
churches. over the entrance to the chancel.
 -- Holy rope, a plant, the hemp agrimony.
 -- Holy Saturday (Eccl.), the Saturday immediately preceding the
festival of Easter; the vigil of Easter.
 -- Holy Spirit, same as Holy Ghost (above).
 -- Holy Spirit plant. See Dove plant.
 -- Holy thistle (Bot.), the blessed thistle. See under Thistle.
 -- Holy Thursday. (Eccl.) (a) (Episcopal Ch.) Ascension day. (b) (R.
C. Ch.) The Thursday in Holy Week; Maundy Thursday.
 -- Holy war, a crusade; an expedition carried on by Christians
against the Saracens in the Holy Land, in the eleventh, twelfth, and
thirteenth centuries, for the possession of the holy places.
 -- Holy water (Gr. & R. C. Churches), water which has been blessed
by the priest for sacred purposes.
 -- Holy-water stoup, the stone stoup or font placed near the
entrance of a church, as a receptacle for holy water.
 -- Holy Week (Eccl.), the week before Easter, in which the passion
of our Savior is commemorated.
 -- Holy writ, the sacred Scriptures. " Word of holy writ."
Wordsworth.

HOLY CROSS
Ho"ly cross".

Defn: The cross as the symbol of Christ's crucifixion. Congregation
of the Holy Cross (R. C. Ch.), a community of lay brothers and
priests, in France and the United States, engaged chiefly in teaching
and manual Labor. Originally called Brethren of St. Joseph. The
Sisters of the Holy Cross engage in similar work. Addis & Arnold.
 -- Holy-cross day, the fourteenth of September, observed as a church
festival, in memory of the exaltation of our Savior's cross.

HOLYDAY
Ho"ly*day`, n.

1. A religious festival.

2. A secular festival; a holiday.

Note: Holiday is the preferable and prevailing spelling in the second
sense. The spelling holy day or holyday in often used in the first
sense.

HOLYSTONE
Ho"ly*stone`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A stone used by seamen for scrubbing the decks of ships.
Totten.

HOLYSTONE
Ho"ly*stone`, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To scrub with a holystone, as the deck of a vessel.

HOMACANTH
Hom"a*canth, a. Etym: [Homo + Gr. a spine.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the dorsal fin spines symmetrical, and in the same line;
-- said of certain fishes.

HOMAGE
Hom"age, n. Etym: [OF.homage, homenage, F. hommage, LL. hominaticum,
homenaticum, from L. homo a man, LL. also, a client, servant, vassal;
akin to L. humus earth, Gr.groom in bridegroom. Cf. Bridegroom,
Human.]

1. (Feud. Law)

Defn: A symbolical acknowledgment made by a feudal tenant to, and in
the presence of, his lord, on receiving investiture of fee, or coming
to it by succession, that he was his man, or vassal; profession of
fealty to a sovereign.

2. Respect or reverential regard; deference; especially, respect paid
by external action; obeisance.
All things in heaven and earth do her [Law] homage. Hooker.
I sought no homage from the race that write. Pope.

3. Reverence directed to the Supreme Being; reverential worship;
devout affection. Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- Fealty; submission; reverence; honor; respect.
 -- Homage, Fealty. Homage was originally the act of a feudal tenant
by which he declared himself, on his knees, to be the hommage or
bondman of the lord; hence the term is used to denote reverential
submission or respect. Fealty was originally the fidelity of such a
tenant to his lord, and hence the term denotes a faithful and solemn
adherence to the obligations we owe to superior power or authority.
We pay our homage to men of preëminent usefulness and virtue, and
profess our fealty to the principles by which they have been guided.
Go, go with homage yon proud victors meet ! Go, lie like dogs beneath
your masters' feet ! Dryden.
Man, disobeying, Disloyal, breaks his fealty, and sins Against the
high supremacy of heaven. Milton.

HOMAGE
Hom"age, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Homaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Homaging.]
Etym: [Cf. OF. hommager.]

1. To pay reverence to by external action. [R.]

2. To cause to pay homage. [Obs.] Cowley.

HOMAGEABLE
Hom"age*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. hommageable.]

Defn: Subject to homage. Howell.

HOMAGER
Hom"a*ger, n. Etym: [From Homage: cf. F. hommager.]

Defn: One who does homage, or holds land of another by homage; a
vassal. Bacon.

HOMALOGRAPHIC
Hom`a*lo*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Homolographic.

HOMALOID; HOMALOIDAL
Hom"a*loid, Hom`a*loid"al, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Geom.)

Defn: Flat; even; -- a term applied to surfaces and to spaces,
whether real or imagined, in which the definitions, axioms, and
postulates of Euclid respecting parallel straight lines are assumed
to hold true.

HOMARUS
Hom"a*rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of decapod Crustacea, including the common lobsters.
 -- Hom"a*roid, a.

HOMATROPINE
Ho*mat"ro*pine, n. Etym: [Homo- + atropine.] (Med.)

Defn: An alkaloid, prepared from atropine, and from other sources. It
is chemically related to atropine, and is used for the same purpose.

HOMAXONIAL
Hom`ax*o"ni*al, a. Etym: [Homo- + Gr. an axle, axis.] (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to that kind of homology or symmetry, the mathematical
conception of organic form, in which all axes are equal. See under
Promorphology.

HOME
Home, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Homelyn.

HOME
Home (110), n. Etym: [OE. hom, ham, AS. ham; akin to OS. hem, D. & G.
heim, Sw. hem, Dan. hiem, Icel. heimr abode, world, heima home, Goth.
haims village, Lith. këmas, and perh. to Gr.hind a peasant; cf.
Skr.ksh abode, place of rest, security, kshi to dwell.

1. One's own dwelling place; the house in which one lives; esp., the
house in which one lives with his family; the habitual abode of one's
family; also, one's birthplace.
The disciples went away again to their own home. John xx. 10.
Home is the sacred refuge of our life. Dryden.
Home! home! sweet, sweet home! There's no place like home. Payne.

2. One's native land; the place or country in which one dwells; the
place where one's ancestors dwell or dwelt. "Our old home [England]."
Hawthorne.

3. The abiding place of the affections, especially of the domestic
affections.
He entered in his house -- his home no more, For without hearts there
is no home. Byron.

4. The locality where a thing is usually found, or was first found,
or where it is naturally abundant; habitat; seat; as, the home of the
pine.
Her eyes are homes of silent prayer. Tennyson.
Flandria, by plenty made the home of war. Prior.

5. A place of refuge and rest; an asylum; as, a home for outcasts; a
home for the blind; hence, esp., the grave; the final rest; also, the
native and eternal dwelling place of the soul.
Man goeth to his long home, and the mourners go about the streets.
Eccl. xii. 5.

6. (Baseball)

Defn: The home base; he started for home. At home.(a) At one's own
house, or lodgings. (b) In one's own town or country; as, peace
abroad and at home. (c) Prepared to receive callers.
 -- Home department, the department of executive administration, by
which the internal affairs of a country are managed. [Eng.] To be at
home on any subject, to be conversant or familiar with it.
 -- To feel at home, to be at one's ease.
 -- To make one's self at home, to conduct one's self with as much
freedom as if at home.

Syn.
 -- Tenement; house; dwelling; abode; domicile.

HOME
Home, a.

1. Of or pertaining to one's dwelling or country; domestic; not
foreign; as home manufactures; home comforts.

2. Close; personal; pointed; as, a home thrust. Home base (Baseball),
the base at which the batsman stands and which is the last goal in
making a run.
 -- Home farm, grounds, etc., the farm, grounds, etc., adjacent to
the residence of the owner.
 -- Home lot, an inclosed plot on which the owner's home stands. [U.
S.] -- Home rule, rule or government of an appendent or dependent
country, as to all local and internal legislation, by means of a
governing power vested in the people within the country itself, in
contradistinction to a government established by the dominant
country; as, home rule in Ireland. Also used adjectively; as, home-
rule members of Parliament.
 -- Home ruler, one who favors or advocates home rule.
 -- Home run (Baseball), a complete circuit of the bases made before
the batted ball is returned to the home base.
 -- Home stretch (Sport.), that part of a race course between the
last curve and the winning post.
 -- Home thrust, a well directed or effective thrust; one that wounds
in a vital part; hence, in controversy, a personal attack.

HOME
Home, adv.

1. To one's home or country; as in the phrases, go home, come home,
carry home.

2. Close; closely.
How home the charge reaches us, has been made out. South.
They come home to men's business and bosoms. Bacon.

3. To the place where it belongs; to the end of a course; to the full
length; as, to drive a nail home; to ram a cartridge home.
Wear thy good rapier bare and put it home. Shak.

Note: Home is often used in the formation of compound words, many of
which need no special definition; as, home-brewed, home-built, home-
grown, etc. To bring home. See under Bring.
 -- To come home.(a) To touch or affect personally. See under Come.
(b) (Naut.) To drag toward the vessel, instead of holding firm, as
the cable is shortened; -- said of an anchor.
 -- To haul home the sheets of a sail (Naut.), to haul the clews
close to the sheave hole. Totten.

HOMEBORN
Home"born`, a.

1. Native; indigenous; not foreign. Donne. Pope.

2. Of or pertaining to the home or family.
Fireside enjoyments, homeborn happiness. Cowper.

HOME-BOUND
Home"-bound`, a.

Defn: Kept at home.

HOME-BRED
Home"-bred`, a.

1. Bred at home; domestic; not foreign. " Home-bred mischief."
Milton.
Benignity and home-bred sense. Wordsworth.

2. Not polished; rude; uncultivated.
Only to me home-bred youths belong. Dryden.

HOME-COMING
Home-com`ing, n.

Defn: Return home.
Kepeth this child, al be it foul or fayr, And eek my wyf, unto myn
hoom-cominge. Chaucer.

HOME-DRIVEN
Home"-driv`en, a.

Defn: Driven to the end, as a nail; driven close.

HOME-DWELLING
Home"-dwell`ing, a.

Defn: Keeping at home.

HOME-FELT
Home"-felt`, a.

Defn: Felt in one's own breast; inward; private. "Home-felt quiet.
Pope.

HOMEFIELD
Home"field`, n.

Defn: Afield adjacent to its owner's home. Hawthorne.

HOME-KEEPING
Home"-keep`ing, a.

Defn: Staying at home; not gadding.
Home-keeping youth have ever homely wits. Shak.

HOME-KEEPING
Home"-keep`ing, n.

Defn: A staying at home.

HOMELESS
Home"less, a. Etym: [AS.hamleas.]

Defn: Destitute of a home.
 -- Home"less*ness, n.

HOMELIKE
Home"like`, a.

Defn: Like a home; comfortable; cheerful; cozy; friendly.

HOMELILY
Home"li*ly, adv.

Defn: Plainly; inelegantly. [R.]

HOMELINESS
Home"li*ness, n. Etym: [From Homely.]

1. Domesticity; care of home. [Obs.] "Wifely homeliness." Chaucer.

2. Familiarity; intimacy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. Plainness; want of elegance or beauty.

4. Coarseness; simplicity; want of refinement; as, the homeliness of
manners, or language. Addison.

HOMELING
Home"ling, n.

Defn: A person or thing belonging to a home or to a particular
country; a native; as, a word which is a homeling. Trench.

HOMELY
Home"ly, a. [Compar. Homelier; superl. Homeliest.] Etym: [From Home,
n.]

1. Belonging to, or having the characteristics of, home; domestic;
familiar; intimate. [Archaic]
With all these men I was right homely, and communed with, them long
and oft. Foxe.
Their homely joys, and destiny obscure. Gray.

2. Plain; unpretending; rude in appearance; unpolished; as, a homely
garment; a homely house; homely fare; homely manners.
Now Strephon daily entertains His Chloe in the homeliest strains.
Pope.

3. Of plain or coarse features; uncomely; -- contrary to handsome.
None so homely but loves a looking-glass. South.

HOMELY
Home"ly, adv.

Defn: Plainly; rudely; coarsely; as, homely dressed. [R.] Spenser.

HOMELYN
Home"lyn, n. Etym: [Scot. hommelin.] (Zoöl)

Defn: The European sand ray (Raia maculata); -- called also home,
mirror ray, and rough ray.

HOMEMADE
Home"made`, a.

Defn: Made at home; of domestic manufacture; made either in a private
family or in one's own country. Locke.

HOMEOPATH
Ho"me*o*path, n. Etym: [Cf. F. homéopathe.]

Defn: A practitioner of homeopathy. [Written also homoeopath.]

HOMEOPATHIC
Ho`me*o*path"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. homéopathique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to homeopathy; according to the principles of
homeopathy. [Also homoepathic.]

HOMEOPATHICALLY
Ho`me*o*path"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to the practice of homeopathy. [Also
homoepathically.]

HOMEOPATHIST
Ho`me*op"a*thist, n.

Defn: A believer in, or practitioner of, homeopathy. [Written also
homoepathist.]

HOMEOPATHY
Ho*me*op"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr. Same) + homéopathie. See Pathos.]
(Med.)

Defn: The art of curing, founded on resemblances; the theory and its
practice that disease is cured (tuto, cito, et jucunde) by remedies
which produce on a healthy person effects similar to the symptoms of
the complaint under which the patient suffers, the remedies being
usually administered in minute doses. This system was founded by Dr.
Samuel Hahnemann, and is opposed to allopathy, or heteropathy.
[Written also homoepathy.]

HOMER
Hom"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carrier pigeon remarkable for its ability to return home from
a distance.

HOMER
Ho"mer, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Hoemother.

HOMER
Ho"mer, n. Etym: [Heb. khomer.]

Defn: A Hebrew measure containing, as a liquid measure, ten baths,
equivalent to fifty-five gallons, two quarts, one pint; and, as a dry
measure, ten ephahs, equivalent to six bushels, two pecks, four
quarts. [Written also chomer, gomer.]

HOMERIC
Ho*mer"ic, a. Etym: [L. Homericus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Homer, the most famous of Greek poets;
resembling the poetry of Homer. Homeric verse, hexameter verse; -- so
called because used by Homer in his epics.

HOMESICK
Home"sick`, a.

Defn: Pining for home; in a nostalgic condition.
 -- Home"sick`ness, n.

HOME-SPEAKING
Home"-speak`ing, n.

Defn: Direct, forcible, and effective speaking. Milton.

HOMESPUN
Home"spun, a.

1. Spun or wrought at home; of domestic manufacture; coarse; plain.
"Homespun country garbs." W. Irving.

2. Plain in manner or style; not elegant; rude; coarse. "Our homespun
English proverb." Dryden. "Our homespun authors." Addison.

HOMESPUN
Home"spun, n.

1. Cloth made at home; as, he was dressed in homespun.

2. An unpolished, rustic person. [Obs.] Shak.

HOMESTALL
Home"stall`, n. Etym: [AS. hamsteall.]

Defn: Place of a home; homestead. Cowper.

HOMESTEAD
Home"stead, n. Etym: [AS. hamstede.]

1. The home place; a home and the inclosure or ground immediately
connected with it. Dryden.

2. The home or seat of a family; place of origin.
We can trace them back to a homestead on the Rivers Volga and Ural.
W. Tooke.

3. (Law)

Defn: The home and appurtenant land and buildings owned by the head
of a family, and occupied by him and his family. Homestead law. (a) A
law conferring special privileges or exemptions upon owners of
homesteads; esp., a law exempting a homestead from attachment or sale
under execution for general debts. Such laws, with limitations as to
the extent or value of the property, exist in most of the States.
Called also homestead exemption law. (b) Also, a designation of an
Act of Congress authorizing and regulating the sale of public lands,
in parcels of 160 acres each, to actual settlers. [U.S.]

HOMESTEADER
Home"stead*er, n.

Defn: One who has entered upon a portion of the public land with the
purpose of acquiring ownership of it under provisions of the
homestead law, so called; one who has acquired a homestead in this
manner. [Local, U.S.]

HOMEWARD
Home"ward, a.

Defn: Being in the direction of home; as, the homeward way.

HOMEWARD; HOMEWARDS
Home"ward, Home"wards, adv. Etym: [AS. hamweard.]

Defn: Toward home; in the direction of one's house, town, or country.
Homeward bound, bound for home; going homeward; as, the homeward
bound fleet.

HOMICIDAL
Hom"i*ci`dal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to homicide; tending to homicide; murderous.

HOMICIDE
Hom"i*cide, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. homicidium, fr. homicida a man
slayer; homo man + caedere to cut, kill. See Homage, and cf. Concise,
Shed, v. t.]

1. The killing of one human being by another.

Note: Homicide is of three kinds: justifiable, as when the killing is
performed in the exercise of a right or performance of a duty;
excusable, as when done, although not as duty or right, yet without
culpable or criminal intent; and felonious, or involving what the law
terms malice; the latter may be either manslaughter or murder.
Bouvier.

2. One who kills another; a manslayer. Chaucer. Shak.

HOMIFORM
Hom"i*form, a. Etym: [L. homo man + -form.]

Defn: In human form. [Obs.] Cudworth.

HOMILETE
Hom"i*lete, n.

Defn: A homilist.

HOMILETIC; HOMILETICAL
Hom`i*let"ic, Hom`i*let"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. homilétique. See
Homily.]

1. Of or pertaining to familiar intercourse; social; affable;
conversable; companionable. [R.]
His virtues active, chiefly, and homiletical, not those lazy, sullen
ones of the cloister. Atterbury.

2. Of or pertaining to homiletics; hortatory.

HOMILETICS
Hom`i*let"ics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. homilétique.]

Defn: The art of preaching; that branch of theology which treats of
homilies or sermons, and the best method of preparing and delivering
them.

HOMILIST
Hom"i*list, n.

Defn: One who prepares homilies; one who preaches to a congregation.

HOMILITE
Hom"i*lite, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A borosilicate of iron and lime, near datolite in form and
composition.

HOMILY
Hom"i*ly, n.; pl. Homilies. Etym: [LL. homilia, Gr. homélie. See
Same.]

1. A discourse or sermon read or pronounced to an audience; a serious
discourse. Shak.

2. A serious or tedious exhortation in private on some moral point,
or on the conduct of life.
As I have heard my father Deal out in his long homilies. Byron.
Book of Homilies. A collection of authorized, printed sermons, to be
read by ministers in churches, esp. one issued in the time of Edward
VI., and a second, issued in the reign of Elizabeth; -- both books
being certified to contain a "godly and wholesome doctrine."

HOMING
Hom"ing, a.

Defn: Home-returning; -- used specifically of carrier pigeons.

HOMINY
Hom"i*ny, n. Etym: [From North American Indian auhúminea parched
corn.]

Defn: Maize hulled and broken, and prepared for food by being boiled
in water. [U.S.] [Written also homony.]

HOMISH
Hom"ish, a.

Defn: Like a home or a home circle.
Quiet, cheerful, homish hospital life. E. E. Hale.

HOMMOCK
Hom"mock, n.

Defn: A small eminence of a conical form, of land or of ice; a knoll;
a hillock. See Hummock. Bartram.

HOMMOCKY
Hom"mock*y, a.

Defn: Filled with hommocks; piled in the form of hommocks; -- said of
ice.

HOMO-
Ho"mo-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. "omo`s, one and the same, common,
joint.

HOMOCATEGORIC
Ho`mo*cat`e*gor"ic, a. Etym: [Homo- + categoric.] (Biol.)

Defn: Belonging to the same category of individuality; -- a
morphological term applied to organisms so related.

HOMOCENTRIC
Ho`mo*cen"tric, a. Etym: [Gr. homocentrique.]

Defn: Having the same center.

HOMOCERCAL
Ho`mo*cer"cal, a. Etym: [Homo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the tail nearly or quite symmetrical, the vertebral
column terminating near its base; -- opposed to heterocercal.

HOMOCERCY
Ho"mo*cer`cy, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The possession of a homocercal tail.

HOMOCEREBRIN
Ho`mo*cer`e*brin, n. Etym: [Homo- + rebrin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A body similar to, or identical with, cerebrin.

HOMOCHROMOUS
Ho`mo*chro"mous, a. Etym: [Homo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having all the florets in the same flower head of the same
color.

HOMODEMIC
Ho`mo*dem"ic, a. Etym: [Homo- + 1st deme, 2.] (Biol.)

Defn: A morphological term signifying development, in the case of
multicellular organisms, from the same unit deme or unit of the
inferior orders of individuality.

HOMODERMIC
Ho`mo*der"mic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to homodermy; originating from the same germ layer.

HOMODERMY
Ho"mo*der`my, n. Etym: [Homo- + -derm.] (Biol.)

Defn: Homology of the germinal layers.

HOMODONT
Hom"o*dont, a. Etym: [Homo- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having all the teeth similar in front, as in the porpoises; --
opposed to heterodont.

HOMODROMAL; HOMODROMOUS
Ho*mod"ro*mal, Ho*mod"ro*mous, a. Etym: [Homo- + Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Running in the same direction; -- said of stems twining round a
support, or of the spiral succession of leaves on stems and their
branches.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: Moving in the same direction; -- said of a lever or pulley in
which the resistance and the actuating force are both on the same
side of the fulcrum or axis.

HOMODYNAMIC
Ho`mo*dy*nam"ic, a.

Defn: Homodynamous. Quain.

HOMODYNAMOUS
Ho`mo*dy"na*mous, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or involving, homodynamy; as, successive or
homodynamous parts in plants and animals.

HOMODYNAMY
Ho`mo*dy"na*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The homology of metameres. See Metamere. Gegenbaur.

HOMOEOMERIA
Ho`moe*o*me"ri*a, n. Etym: [L., from Gr.

Defn: The state or quality of being homogeneous in elements or first
principles; likeness or identity of parts.

HOMOEOMERIC; HOMOEOMERICAL
Ho`moe*o*mer"ic, Ho`moe*o*mer"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, sameness of parts;
receiving or advocating the doctrine of homogeneity of elements or
first principles.

HOMOEOMEROUS
Ho`moe*om"er*ous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the main artery of the leg parallel with the sciatic
nerve; -- said of certain birds.

HOMOEOMERY
Ho`moe*om"e*ry, n. Etym: [Gr. -metry.]

Defn: Same as Homoeomeria. [Obs.] Cudworth.

HOMOEOMORPHISM
Ho`moe*o*mor"phism, n. Etym: [See Homoeomorphous.]

Defn: A near similarity of crystalline forms between unlike chemical
compounds. See Isomorphism.

HOMOEOMORPHOUS
Ho`moe*o*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Manifesting homoeomorphism.

HOMOEOPATHIC; HOMOEOPATHIST; HOMOEOPATHY
Ho`moe*o*path"ic, a., Ho`moe*op"a*thist, n., Ho`moe*op"a*thy, n.

Defn: Same as Homeopathic, Homeopathist, Homeopathy.

HOMOEOTHERMAL
Ho`moe*o*ther"mal, a.

Defn: See Homoiothermal.

HOMOEOZOIC
Ho`moe*o*zo"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or including, similar forms or kinds of life;
as, homoeozoic belts on the earth's surface. E. Forbes.

HOMOGAMOUS
Ho*mog"a*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having all the flowers alike; -- said of such composite plants
as Eupatorium, and the thistels.

HOMOGAMY
Ho*mog"a*my, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The condition of being homogamous.

HOMOGANGLIATE
Ho`mo*gan"gli*ate, a. Etym: [Homo- + gangliate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the ganglia of the nervous system symmetrically
arranged, as in certain invertebrates; -- opposed to heterogangliate.

HOMOGENE
Ho"mo*gene, a. Etym: [Cf. F. homogène.]

Defn: Homogeneous. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

HOMOGENEAL
Ho`mo*ge"ne*al, a.

Defn: Homogeneous.

HOMOGENEALNESS
Ho`mo*ge"ne*al*ness, n.

Defn: Homogeneousness.

HOMOGENEITY
Ho`mo*ge*ne"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. homogénéité.]

Defn: Same as Homogeneousness.

HOMOGENEOUS
Ho`mo*ge"ne*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. homogène. See Same, and Kin.]

1. Of the same kind of nature; consisting of similar parts, or of
elements of the like nature; -- opposed to heterogeneous; as,
homogeneous particles, elements, or principles; homogeneous bodies.

2. (Alg.)

Defn: Possessing the same number of factors of a given kind; as, a
homogeneous polynomial.

HOMOGENEOUSNESS
Ho`mo*ge"ne*ous*ness, n.

Defn: Sameness 9kind or nature; uniformity of structure or material.

HOMOGENESIS
Ho`mo*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Homo- + genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: That method of reproduction in which the successive generations
are alike, the offspring, either animal or plant, running through the
same cycle of existence as the parent; gamogenesis; -- opposed to
heterogenesis.

HOMOGENETIC
Ho`mo*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Homogenous; -- applied to that class of homologies which arise
from similarity of structure, and which are taken as evidences of
common ancestry.

HOMOGENOUS
Ho*mog"e*nous, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Having a resemblance in structure, due to descent from a common
progenitor with subsequent modification; homogenetic; -- applied both
to animals and plants. See Homoplastic.

HOMOGENY
Ho*mog"e*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. Joint nature. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The correspondence of common descent; -- a term used to
supersede homology by Lankester, who also used homoplasy to denote
any superinduced correspondence of position and structure in parts
embryonically distinct (other writers using the term homoplasmy).
Thus, there is homogeny between the fore limb of a mammal and the
wing of a bird; but the right and left ventricles of the heart in
both are only in homoplasy with each other, these having arisen
independently since the divergence of both groups from a
univentricular ancestor.

HOMOGONOUS
Ho*mog"o*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. Homogeneous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having all the flowers of a plant alike in respect to the
stamens and pistils.

HOMOGONY
Ho*mog"o*ny, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The condition of having homogonous flowers.

HOMOGRAPH
Hom"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. "omo`grafos with the same letters; "omo`s
the same + gra`fein to write.] (Philol.)

Defn: One of two or more words identical in orthography, but having
different derivations and meanings; as, fair, n., a market, and fair,
a., beautiful.

HOMOGRAPHIC
Ho`mo*graph"ic, a.

1. Employing a single and separate character to represent each sound;
-- said of certain methods of spelling words.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: Possessing the property of homography.

HOMOGRAPHY
Ho*mog"ra*phy, n.

1. That method of spelling in which every sound is represented by a
single character, which indicates that sound and no other.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A relation between two figures, such that to any point of the
one corresponds one and but one point in the other, and vise versa.
Thus, a tangent line rolling on a circle cuts two fixed tangents of
the circle in two sets of points that are homographic.

HOMOIOPTOTON
Ho*moi`op*to"ton, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure in which the several parts of a sentence end with the
same case, or inflection generally.

HOMOIOTHERMAL
Ho*moi`o*ther"mal, a. Etym: [Gr. thermal.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Maintaining a uniform temperature; hæmatothermal; homothermic;
-- applied to warm-bodied animals, because they maintain a nearly
uniform temperature in spite of the great variations in the
surrounding air; in distinct from the cold-blooded (poikilothermal)
animals, whose body temperature follows the variations in temperature
of the surrounding medium.

HOMOIOUSIAN
Ho`moi*ou"si*an, n. Etym: [Gr. "o`moios + o'ysi`a the substance,
being, essence.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of the semi-Arians of the 4th century, who held that the
Son was of like, but not the same, essence or substance with the
Father; -- opposed to homoousian.

HOMOIOUSIAN
Ho`moi*ou"si*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Homoiousians, or their belief.

HOMOLOGATE
Ho*mol"o*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Homologated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Homologating.] Etym: [LL. homologatus, p.p. of homologare to
homologate; Gr. Homologous.] (Civ. Law)

Defn: To approve; to allow; to confirm; as, the court homologates a
proceeding. Wheaton.

HOMOLOGATION
Ho*mol`o*ga"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. homologation.] (Civ. & Scots Law)

Defn: Confirmation or ratification (as of something otherwise null
and void), by a court or a grantor.

HOMOLOGICAL
Ho`mo*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to homology; having a structural affinity proceeding
from, or base upon, that kind of relation termed homology.
 -- Ho`mo*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

HOMOLOGINIC
Ho*mol`o*gin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, homology; as, homologinic
qualities, or differences.

HOMOLOGIZE
Ho*mol"o*gize, v. t. (Biol.)

Defn: To determine the homologies or structural relations of.

HOMOLOGON
Ho*mol"o*gon, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Homologue.

HOMOLOGOUMENA
Hom`o*lo*gou"me*na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Homologous.]

Defn: Those books of the New Testament which were acknowledged as
canonical by the early church; -- distinguished from antilegomena.

HOMOLOGOUS
Ho*mol"o*gous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having the same relative position, proportion, value, or
structure. Especially:
(a) (Geom.) Corresponding in relative position and proportion.
In similar polygons, the corresponding sides, angles, diagonals,
etc., are homologous. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ).
(b) (Alg.)

Defn: Having the same relative proportion or value, as the two
antecedents or the two consequents of a proportion.
(c) (Chem.) Characterized by homology; belonging to the same type or
series; corresponding in composition and properties. See Homology,

3.
(d) (Biol.) Being of the same typical structure; having like
relations to a fundamental type to structure; as, those bones in the
hand of man and the fore foot of a horse are homologous that
correspond in their structural relations, that is, in thier relations
to the type structure of the fore limb in vertebrates. Homologous
stimulus. (Physiol.) See under Stimulus.

HOMOLOGRAPHIC
Hom`o*lo*graph"ic, a. Etym: [Homo- + Gr. graph + -ic; but cf. F.
homalographique, Gr.

Defn: Preserving the mutual relations of parts, especially as to size
and form; maintaining relative proportion. Homolographic projection,
a method of constructing geographical charts or maps, so that the
surfaces, as delineated on a plane, have the same relative size as
the real surfaces; that is, so that the relative actual areas of the
different countries are accurately represented by the corresponding
portions of the map.

HOMOLOGUE
Hom"o*logue, n. Etym: [Cf. F. homologue. See Homologous.]

Defn: That which is homologous to something else; as, the
corresponding sides, etc., of similar polygons are the homologues of
each other; the members or terms of an homologous series in chemistry
are the homologues of each other; one of the bones in the hand of man
is the homologue of that in the paddle of a whale.

HOMOLOGY
Ho*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. Homologous.]

1. The quality of being homologous; correspondence; relation; as, the
homologyof similar polygons.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Correspondence or relation in type of structure in
contradistinction to similarity of function; as, the relation in
structure between the leg and arm of a man; or that between the arm
of a man, the fore leg of a horse, the wing of a bird, and the fin of
a fish, all these organs being modifications of one type of
structure.

Note: Homology indicates genetic relationship, and according to
Haeckel special homology should be defined in terms of identity of
embryonic origin. See Homotypy, and Homogeny.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: The correspondence or resemblance of substances belonging to
the same type or series; a similarity of composition varying by a
small, regular difference, and usually attended by a regular
variation in physical properties; as, there is an homology between
methane, CH4, ethane, C2H6, propane, C3H8, etc., all members of the
paraffin series. In an extended sense, the term is applied to the
relation between chemical elements of the same group; as, chlorine,
bromine, and iodine are said to be in homology with each other. Cf.
Heterology. General homology (Biol.), the higher relation which a
series of parts, or a single part, bears to the fundamental or
general type on which the group is constituted. Owen.
 -- Serial homology (Biol.), representative or repetitive relation in
the segments of the same organism, -- as in the lobster, where the
parts follow each other in a straight line or series. Owen. See
Homotypy.
 -- Special homology (Biol.), the correspondence of a part or organ
with those of a different animal, as determined by relative position
and connection. Owen.

HOMOMALLOUS
Ho*mom"al*lous, a. Etym: [Homo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Uniformly bending or curving to one side; -- said of leaves
which grow on several sides of a stem.

HOMOMORPHIC; HOMOMORPHOUS
Ho`mo*mor"phic, Ho`mo*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Characterized by homomorphism.

HOMOMORPHISM
Ho`mo*mor"phism, n. Etym: [See Homomorphous.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Homomorphy.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The possession, in one species of plants, of only one kind of
flowers; -- opposed to heteromorphism, dimorphism, and trimorphism.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The possession of but one kind of larvæ or young, as in most
insects.

HOMOMORPHY
Ho"mo*mor`phy, n. Etym: [Homo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Similarity of form; resemblance in external characters, while
widely different in fundamental structure; resemblance in geometric
ground form. See Homophyly, Promorphology.

HOMONOMOUS
Ho*mon"o*mous, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to homonomy.

HOMONOMY
Ho*mon"o*my, n. Etym: [Homo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The homology of parts arranged on transverse axes. Haeckel.

HOMONYM
Hom"o*nym, n. Etym: [Cf. F. homonyme. See Homonymous.]

Defn: A word having the same sound as another, but differing from it
in meaning; as the noun bear and the verb bear. [Written also
homonyme.]

HOMONYMOUS
Ho*mon"y*mous, a. Etym: [L. homonymus, Gr. name.]

1. Having the same name or designation; standing in the same
relation; -- opposed to heteronymous.

2. Having the same name or designation, but different meaning or
relation; hence, equivocal; ambiguous.

HOMONYMOUSLY
Ho*mon"y*mous*ly, adv.

1. In an homonymous manner; so as to have the same name or relation.

2. Equivocally; ambiguously.

HOMONYMY
Ho*mon"y*my, n. Etym: [Gr. homonymie.]

1. Sameness of name or designation; identity in relations. Holland.
Homonymy may be as well in place as in persons. Fuller.

2. Sameness of name or designation of things or persons which are
different; ambiguity.

HOMOORGAN; HOMOOERGAN
Ho`mo*ör"gan. Etym: [Homo- + organ.]

Defn: Same as Homoplast.

HOMOOUSIAN
Ho`mo*ou"si*an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of those, in the 4th century, who accepted the Nicene
creed, and maintained that the Son had the same essence or substance
with the Father; -- opposed to homoiousian.

HOMOOUSIAN
Ho`mo*ou"si*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Homoousians, or to the doctrines they
held.

HOMOPHONE
Hom"o*phone, n. Etym: [Cf. F. homophone. See Homophonous.]

1. A letter or character which expresses a like sound with another.
Gliddon.

2. A word having the same sound as another, but differing from it in
meaning and usually in spelling; as, all and awl; bare and bear;
rite, write, right, and wright.

HOMOPHONIC; HOMOPHONOUS
Ho`mo*phon"ic, Ho*moph"o*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. homophone.]

1. (Mus.)
(a) Originally, sounding alike; of the same pitch; unisonous;
monodic.
(b) Now used for plain harmony, note against note, as opposed to
polyphonic harmony, in which the several parts move independently,
each with its own melody.

2. Expressing the same sound by a different combination of letters;
as, bay and bey.

HOMOPHONY
Ho*moph"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. homophonie.]

1. Sameness of sound.

2. (Mus.)
(a) Sameness of sound; unison.
(b) Plain harmony, as opposed to polyphony. See Homophonous.

HOMOPHYLIC
Ho`mo*phyl"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to homophily.

HOMOPHYLY
Ho*moph"y*ly, n. Etym: [Homo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: That form of homology due to common ancestry (phylogenetic
homology), in opposition to homomorphy, to which genealogic basis is
wanting. Haeckel.

HOMOPLASMY
Ho"mo*plas`my, n. Etym: [Homo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Resemblance between different plants or animals, in external
shape, in general habit, or in organs, which is not due to descent
from a common ancestor, but to similar surrounding circumstances.

HOMOPLAST
Hom"o*plast, n. (Biol.)

Defn: One of the plastids composing the idorgan of Haeckel; -- also
called homoörgan.

HOMOPLASTIC
Ho`mo*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Homo- + plastic.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to homoplasty; as, homoplasticorgans;
homoplastic forms.

HOMOPLASTY
Ho"mo*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Homo- + plasty.] (Biol.)

Defn: The formation of homologous tissues.

HOMOPLASY
Ho*mop"la*sy, n. Etym: [Homo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: See Homogeny.

HOMOPOLIC
Ho`mo*pol"ic, a. Etym: [Homo- + pole.] (Biol.)

Defn: In promorphology, pertaining to or exhibiting that kind of
organic form, in which the stereometric ground form is a pyramid,
with similar poles. See Promorphology.

HOMOPTER
Ho*mop"ter, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Homoptera.

HOMOPTERA
Ho*mop"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Hemiptera, in which both pairs of wings are
similar in texture, and do not overlap when folded, as in the cicada.
See Hemiptera.

HOMOPTERAN
Ho*mop"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An homopter.

HOMOPTEROUS
Ho*mop"ter*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Homoptera.

HOMOSTYLED
Ho"mo*styled, a. Etym: [Homo- + style.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having only one form of pistils; -- said of the flowers of some
plants. Darwin.

HOMOSYSTEMIC
Ho`mo*sys*tem"ic, a. Etym: [Homo- + systemic.] (Biol.)

Defn: Developing, in the case of multicellular organisms, from the
same embryonic systems into which the secondary unit (gastrula or
plant enbryo) differentiates.

HOMOTAXIA
Ho`mo*tax"i*a, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Same as Homotaxis.

HOMOTAXIAL; HOMOTAXIC
Ho`mo*tax"i*al, Ho`mo*tax"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to homotaxis.

HOMOTAXIS
Ho`mo*tax"is, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Similarly in arrangement of parts; -- the opposite of
heterotaxy.

HOMOTAXY
Ho"mo*tax`y, n.

Defn: Same as Homotaxis.

HOMOTHERMIC; HOMOTHERMOUS
Ho`mo*ther"mic, Ho`mo*ther"mous, a. Etym: [Homo- + Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Warm-blooded; homoiothermal; hæmatothermal.

HOMOTONOUS
Ho*mot"o*nous, a. Etym: [L. homotonus, Gr.

Defn: Of the same tenor or tone; equable; without variation.

HOMOTROPAL; HOMOTROPOUS
Ho*mot"ro*pal, Ho*mot"ro*pous, a. Etym: [Gr. homotrope.]

1. Turned in the same direction with something else.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the radicle of the seed directed towards the hilum.

HOMOTYPAL
Ho"mo*ty`pal, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of the same type of structure; pertaining to a homotype; as,
homotypal parts.

HOMOTYPE
Hom"o*type, n. Etym: [Homo- + -type.] (Biol.)

Defn: That which has the same fundamental type of structure with
something else; thus, the right arm is the homotype of the right leg;
one arm is the homotype of the other, etc. Owen.

HOMOTYPIC; HOMOTYPICAL
Ho`mo*typ"ic, Ho`mo*typ"ic*al, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Homotypal.

HOMOTYPY
Ho"mo*ty`py, n. Etym: [See Homotype.] (Biol.)

Defn: A term suggested by Haeckel to be instead of serial homology.
See Homotype.

HOMUNCULUS
Ho*mun"cu*lus, n.; pl. Homunculi. Etym: [L., dim. of homo man.]

Defn: A little man; a dwarf; a manikin. Sterne.

HOND
Hond, n.

Defn: Hand. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HONE
Hone, v. i. Etym: [Etymology uncertain. sq. root37.]

Defn: To pine; to lament; to long. Lamb.

HONE
Hone, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. h a knob.]

Defn: A kind of swelling in the cheek.

HONE
Hone, n. Etym: [AS. han; akin to Icel. hein, OSw. hen; cf. Skr.
ç\'be, also ç\'d3, çi, to sharpen, and E. cone. sq. root38, 228.]

Defn: A stone of a fine grit, or a slab, as of metal, covered with an
abrading substance or powder, used for sharpening cutting
instruments, and especially for setting razors; an oilstone. Tusser.
Hone slateSee Polishing slate.
 -- Hone stone, one of several kinds of stone used for hones. See
Novaculite.

HONE
Hone, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Honed; p]. pr. & vb. n. Honing.]

Defn: To sharpen on, or with, a hone; to rub on a hone in order to
sharpen; as, to hone a razor.

HONEST
Hon"est, a. Etym: [OE. honest, onest, OF. honeste, oneste, F.
honnête, L. honestus, fr. honos, honor, honor. See Honor.]

1. Decent; honorable; suitable; becoming. Chaucer.
Belong what honest clothes you send forth to bleaching! Shak.

2. Characterized by integrity or fairness and straightas, an honest
judge or merchant; an honest statement; an honest bargain; an honest
business; an honest book; an honest confession.
An honest man's the noblest work of God. Pope.
An honest physician leaves his patient when he can contribute no
farther to his health. Sir W. Temple.
Look ye out among you seven men of honest report. Acts vi. 3.
Provide things honest in the sight of all men. Rom. xii. 17.

3. Open; frank; as, an honest countenance.

4. Chaste; faithfuk; virtuous.
Wives may be merry, and yet honest too. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Upright; ingenuous; honorable; trusty; faithful; equitable; fair;
just; rightful; sincere; frank; candid; genuine.

HONEST
Hon"est, v. t. Etym: [L. honestare to clothe or adorn with honor: cf.
F. honester. See Honest, a.]

Defn: To adorn; to grace; to honor; to make becoming, appropriate, or
honorable. [Obs.] Abp. Sandys.

HONESTATION
Hon`es*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of honesting; grace; adornment. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

HONESTETEE
Ho*nes"te*tee, n.

Defn: Honesty; honorableness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HONESTLY
Hon"est*ly, adv.

1. Honorably; becomingly; decently. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. In an honest manner; as, a contract honestly made; to live
honestly; to speak honestly. Shak. To come honestly by. (a) To get
honestly. (b) A circumlocution for to inherit; as, to come honestly
by a feature, a mental trait, a peculiarity.

HONESTY
Hon"es*ty, n. Etym: [OE. honeste, oneste, honor, OF. honesté, onesté
(cf. F. honnêteté), L. honestas. See Honest, a.]

1. Honor; honorableness; dignity; propriety; suitableness; decency.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
She derives her honesty and achieves her goodness. Shak.

2. The quality or state of being honest; probity; fairness and
straightforwardness of conduct, speech, etc.; integrity; sincerity;
truthfulness; freedom from fraud or guile.
That we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and
honesty. 1 Tim. ii. 2.

3. Chastity; modesty. Chaucer.
To lay . . . siege to the honesty of this Ford's wife. Shak.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Satin flower; the name of two cruciferous herbs having large
flat pods, the round shining partitions of which are more beautiful
than the blossom; -- called also lunary and moonwort. Lunaria biennis
is common honesty; L. rediva is perennial honesty.

Syn.
 -- Integrity; probity; uprightness; trustiness; faithfulness; honor;
justice; equity; fairness; candor; plain-dealing; veracity;
sincerity.

HONEWORT
Hone"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant of the genus Sison (S.Amomum); -- so
called because used to cure a swelling called a hone.

HONEY
Hon"ey, n. Etym: [OE. honi, huni, AS. hunig; akin to OS. honeg, D. &
G. honig, OHG. honag, honang, Icel. hunang, Sw. håning, Dan. honning,
cf. Gr. kaa grain.]

1. A sweet viscid fluid, esp. that collected by bees from flowers of
plants, and deposited in the cells of the honeycomb.

2. That which is sweet or pleasant, like honey.
The honey of his language. Shak.

3. Sweet one; -- a term of endearment. Chaucer.
Honey, you shall be well desired in Cyprus. Shak.

Note: Honey is often used adjectively or as the first part of
compound; as, honeydew or honey dew; honey guide or honeyguide; honey
locust or honey-locust. Honey ant (Zoöl.), a small ant (Myrmecocystus
melliger), found in the Southwestern United States, and in Mexico,
living in subterranean formicares. There are larger and smaller
ordinary workers, and others, which serve as receptacles or cells for
the storage of honey, their abdomens becoming distended to the size
of a currant. These, in times of scarcity, regurgitate the honey and
feed the rest.
 -- Honey badger (Zoöl.), the ratel.
 -- Honey bear. (Zoöl.) See Kinkajou.
 -- Honey buzzard (Zoöl.), a bird related to the kites, of the genus
Pernis. The European species is P. apivorus; the Indian or crested
honey buzzard is P. ptilorhyncha. They feed upon honey and the larvæ
of bees. Called also bee hawk, bee kite.
 -- Honey creeper (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of small, bright,
colored, passerine birds of the family Coerebidæ, abundant in Central
and South America.
 -- Honey easter (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of small passerine
birds of the family Meliphagidæ, abundant in Australia and Oceania; -
- called also honeysucker.
 -- Honey flower (Bot.), an evergreen shrub of the genus Melianthus,
a native of the Cape of Good Hope. The flowers yield much honey.
 -- Honey guide (Zoöl.), one of several species of small birds of the
family Indicatoridæ, inhabiting Africa and the East Indies. They have
the habit of leading persons to the nests to wild bees. Called also
honeybird, and indicator.
 -- Honey harvest, the gathering of honey from hives, or the honey
which is gathered. Dryden.
 -- Honey kite. (Zoöl.) See Honey buzzard (above).
 -- Honey locust (Bot.), a North American tree (Gleditschia
triacanthos), armed with thorns, and having long pods with a sweet
pulp between the seeds.
 -- Honey month. Same as Honeymoon.
 -- Honey weasel (Zoöl.), the ratel.

HONEY
Hon"ey, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Honeyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Honeying.]

Defn: To be gentle, agreeable, or coaxing; to talk fondly; to use
endearments; also, to be or become obsequiously courteous or
complimentary; to fawn. "Honeying and making love." Shak.
Rough to common men, But honey at the whisper of a lord. Tennyson.

HONEY
Hon"ey, v. t.

Defn: To make agreeable; to cover or sweeten with, or as with, honey.
Canst thou not honey me with fluent speech Marston.

HONEY-BAG
Hon"ey-bag`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The receptacle for honey in a honeybee. Shak. Grew.

HONEYBEE
Hon"ey*bee`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bee of the genus Apis, which lives in communities and
collects honey, esp. the common domesticated hive bee (Apis
mellifica), the Italian bee (A. ligustica), and the Arabiab bee (A.
fasciata). The two latter are by many entomologists considered only
varieties of the common hive bee. Each swarm of bees consists of a
large number of workers (barren females), with, ordinarily, one queen
or fertile female, but in the swarming season several young queens,
and a number of males or drones, are produced.

HONEYBERRY
Hon"ey*ber`ry, n.; pl. -berries. The fruit of either of two trees
having sweetish berries:
 (a) An Old World hackberry (Celtis australis).
 (b) In the West Indies, the genip (Melicocca bijuga).

HONEYBIRD
Hon"ey*bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The honey guide.

HONEYCOMB
Hon"ey*comb`, n. Etym: [AS. hunigcamb. See Honey, and 1st Comb.]

1. A mass of hexagonal waxen cells, formed by bees, and used by them
to hold their honey and their eggs.

2. Any substance, as a easting of iron, a piece of worm-eaten wood,
or of triple, etc., perforated with cells like a honeycomb. Honeycomb
moth (Zoöl.), the wax moth.
 -- Honeycomb stomach. (Anat.) See Reticulum.

HONEYCOMBED
Hon"ey*combed`, a.

Defn: Formed or perforated like a honeycomb.
Each bastion was honeycombed with casements. Motley.

HONEYDEW
Hon"ey*dew`, n.

1. A sweet, saccharine substance, found on the leaves of trees and
other plants in small drops, like dew. Two substances have been
called by this name; one exuded from the plants, and the other
secreted by certain insects, esp. aphids.

2. A kind of tobacco moistened with molasses.

HONEYED
Hon"eyed, a.

1. Covered with honey.

2. Sweet, as, honeyed words. Milton.

HONEYLESS
Hon"ey*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of honey. Shak.

HONEYMOON
Hon"ey*moon`, n.

Defn: The first month after marriage. Addison.

HONEY-MOUTHED
Hon"ey-mouthed`, a.

Defn: Soft to sweet in speech; persuasive. Shak.

HONEYSTONE
Hon"ey*stone`, n.

Defn: See Mellite.

HONEYSUCKER
Hon"ey*suck`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Honey eater, under Honey.

HONEYSUCKLE
Hon"ey*suc`kle, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. hunis privet. See Honey, and Suck.]
(Bot.)

Defn: One of several species of flowering plants, much admired for
their beauty, and some for their fragrance.

Note: The honeysuckles are properly species of the genus Lonicera;
as, L. Caprifolium, and L. Japonica, the commonly cultivated fragrant
kinds; L. Periclymenum, the fragrant woodbine of England; L. grata,
the American woodbine, and L. sempervirens, the red-flowered trumpet
honeysuckle. The European fly honeysuckle is L. Xylosteum; the
American, L. ciliata. The American Pinxter flower (Azalea nudiflora)
is often called honeysuckle, or false honeysuckle. The name
Australian honeysuckle is applied to one or more trees of the genus
Banksia. See French honeysuckle, under French.

HONEYSUCKLED
Hon"ey*suc`kled, a.

Defn: Covered with honeysuckles.

HONEY-SWEET
Hon"ey-sweet`, a.

Defn: Sweet as honey. Chaucer.

HONEY-TONGUED
Hon"ey-tongued`, a.

Defn: Sweet speaking; persuasive; seductive. Shak.

HONEYWARE
Hon"ey*ware`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Badderlocks.

HONEYWORT
Hon"ey*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A European plant of the genus Cerinthe, whose flowers are very
attractive to bees. Loudon.

HONG
Hong, n. Etym: [Chinese hang, Canton dialect hong, a mercantile
house, factory.]

Defn: A mercantile establishment or factory for foreign trade in
China, as formerly at Canton; a succession of offices connected by a
common passage and used for business or storage. Hong merchant, one
of the few Chinese merchants who, previous to the treaty of 1842,
formed a guild which had the exclusive privilege of trading with
foreigners.

HONG
Hong, v. t. & i.

Defn: To hang. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HONIED
Hon"ied, a.

Defn: See Honeyed.

HONITON LACE
Hon"i*ton lace`

Defn: . A kind of pillow lace, remarkable for the beauty of its
figures; -- so called because chiefly made in Honiton, England.

HONK
Honk, n. Etym: [Of imitative origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cry of a wild goose.
 -- Honk"ing, n.

HONOR
Hon"or, n. Etym: [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor,
honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
[Written also honour.]

1. Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect;
consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or
reverence.
A prophet is not without honor, save in his own country. Matt. xiii.
57.

2. That which rightfully attracts esteem, respect, or consideration;
self-respect; dignity; courage; fidelity; especially, excellence of
character; high moral worth; virtue; nobleness; specif., in men,
integrity; uprightness; trustworthness; in women, purity; chastity.
If she have forgot Honor and virtue. Shak.
Godlike erect, with native honor clad. Milton.

3. A nice sense of what is right, just, and true, with course of life
correspondent thereto; strict conformity to the duty imposed by
conscience, position, or privilege.
Say, what is honor 'T is the finest sense Of justice which the human
mind can frame, Intent each lurking frailty to disclaim, And guard
the way of life from all offense Suffered or done. Wordsworth.
I could not love thee, dear, so much, Loved I not honor more.
Lovelace.

4. That to which esteem or consideration is paid; distinguished
position; high rank. "Restored me to my honors." Shak.
I have given thee . . . both riches, and honor. 1 Kings iii. 13.
Thou art clothed with honor and majesty. Ps. civ. 1.

5. Fame; reputation; credit.
Some in theiractions do woo, and affect honor and reputation. Bacon.
If my honor is meant anything distinct from conscience, 't is no more
than a regard to the censure and esteem of the world. Rogers.

6. A token of esteem paid to worth; a mark of respect; a ceremonial
sign of consideration; as, he wore an honor on his breast; military
honors; civil honors. "Their funeral honors." Dryden.

7. A cause of respect and fame; a glory; an excellency; an ornament;
as, he is an honor to his nation.

8. A title applied to the holders of certain honorable civil offices,
or to persons of rank; as, His Honor the Mayor. See Note under
Honorable.

9. (Feud. Law)

Defn: A seigniory or lordship held of the king, on which other
lordships and manors depended. Cowell.

10. pl.

Defn: Academic or university prizes or distinctions; as, honors in
classics.

11. pl. (Whist)

Defn: The ace, king, queen, and jack of trumps. The ten and nine are
sometimes called Dutch honors. R. A. Proctor. Affair of honor, a
dispute to be decided by a duel, or the duel itself.
 -- Court of honor, a court or tribunal to investigate and decide
questions relating to points of honor; as a court of chivalry, or a
military court to investigate acts or omissions which are
unofficerlike or ungentlemanly in their nature.
 -- Debt of honor, a debt contracted by a verbal promise, or by
betting or gambling, considered more binding than if recoverable by
law.
 -- Honor bright! An assurance of truth or fidelity. [Colloq.] --
Honor court (Feudal Law), one held in an honor or seignory.
 -- Honor point. (Her.) See Escutcheon.
 -- Honors of war (Mil.), distinctions granted to a vanquished enemy,
as of marching out from a camp or town armed, and with colors flying.
 -- Law, or Code, of honor, certain rules by which social intercourse
is regulated among persons of fashion, and which are founded on a
regard to reputation. Paley.
 -- Maid of honor, a lady of rank, whose duty it is to attend the
queen when she appears in public.
 -- On one's honor, on the pledge of one's honor; as, the members of
the House of Lords in Great Britain, are not under oath, but give
their statements or verdicts on their honor.
 -- Point of honor, a scruple or nice distinction in matters
affecting one's honor; as, he raised a point of honor.
 -- To do the honors, to bestow honor, as on a guest; to act as host
or hostess at an entertainment. "To do the honors and to give the
word." Pope.
 -- To do one honor, to confer distinction upon one.
 -- To have the honor, to have the privilege or distinction.
 -- Word of honor, an engagement confirmed by a pledge of honor.

HONOR
Hon"or, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Honored; p. pr. & vb. n. Honoring.] Etym:
[OE. honouren, onouren, OF. honorer, honourer, F. honorer, fr. L.
honorare, fr. honor, n.]

1. To regard or treat with honor, esteem, or respect; to revere; to
treat with deference and submission; when used of the Supreme Being,
to reverence; to adore; to worship.
Honor thy father and thy mother. Ex. xx. 12.
That all men should honor the Son, even as they honor the Father.
John v. 23.
It is a custom More honor'd in the breach than the observance. Shak.

2. To dignify; to raise to distinction or notice; to bestow honor
upon; to elevate in rank or station; to ennoble; to exalt; to
glorify; hence, to do something to honor; to treat in a complimentary
manner or with civility.
Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king delighten to honor.
Esther vi. 9.
The name of Cassius honors this corruption. Shak.

3. (Com.)

Defn: To accept and pay when due; as, to honora bill of exchange.

HONORABLE
Hon"or*a*ble, a. Etym: [F. honorable, L. honorabilis.]

1. Worthy of honor; fit to be esteemed or regarded; estimable;
illustrious.
Thy name and honorable family. Shak.

2. High-minded; actuated by principles of honor, or a scrupulous
regard to probity, rectitude, or reputation.

3. Proceeding from an upright and laudable cause, or directed to a
just and proper end; not base; irreproachable; fair; as, an honorable
motive.
Is this proceeding just and honorable Shak.

4. Conferring honor, or produced by noble deeds.
Honorable wounds from battle brought. Dryden.

5. Worthy of respect; regarded with esteem; to be commended;
consistent with honor or rectitude.
Marriage is honorable in all. Heb. xiii. 4.

6. Performed or accompanied with marks of honor, or with testimonies
of esteem; an honorable burial.

7. Of reputable association or use; respectable.
Let her descend: my chambers are honorable. Shak.

8. An epithet of respect or distinction; as, the honorable Senate;
the honorable gentleman.

Note: Honorable is a title of quality, conferred by English usage
upon the younger children of earls and all the children of viscounts
and barons. The maids of honor, lords of session, and the supreme
judges of England and Ireland are entitled to the prefix. In American
usage, it is a title of courtesy merely, bestowed upon those who
hold, or have held, any of the higher public offices, esp. governors,
judges, members of Congress or of the Senate, mayors. Right
honorable. See under Right.

HONORABLENESS
Hon"or*a*ble*ness, n.

1. The state of being honorable; eminence; distinction.

2. Conformity to the principles of honor, probity, or moral
rectitude; fairness; uprightness; reputableness.

HONORABLY
Hon"or*a*bly, adv.

1. In an honorable manner; in a manner showing, or consistent with,
honor.
The reverend abbot . . . honorably received him. Shak.
Why did I not more honorably starve Dryden.

2. Decently; becomingly. [Obs.] "Do this message honorably." Shak.

Syn.
 -- Magnanimously; generously; nobly; worthily; justly; equitably;
fairly; reputably.

HONORARIUM; HONORARY
Hon`o*ra"ri*um, Hon"or*a*ry, n. Etym: [L. honorarium (sc. donum), fr.
honorarius. See Honorary, a.]

1. A fee offered to professional men for their services; as, an
honorarium of one thousand dollars. S. Longfellow.

2. (Law)

Defn: An honorary payment, usually in recognition of services for
which it is not usual or not lawful to assign a fixed business price.
Heumann.

HONORARY
Hon"or*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. honorarius, fr. honor honor: cf. F.
honoraire.]

1. Done as a sign or evidence of honor; as, honorary services.
Macaulay.

2. Conferring honor, or intended merely to confer honor without
emolument; as, an honorary degree. "Honorary arches." Addison.

3. Holding a title or place without rendering service or receiving
reward; as, an honorary member of a society.

HONORER
Hon"or*er, n.

Defn: One who honors.

HONORIFIC
Hon`or*if"ic, a. Etym: [See Honor, -fy, and -ic.]

Defn: Conferring honor; tending to honor. London. Spectator.

HONORLESS
Hon"or*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of honor; not honored. Bp. Warburton.

HONT
Hont, n. & v.

Defn: See under Hunt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HONVED
Hon"véd, n. [Hung. honved; hon home + ved defense.]

1. The Hungarian army in the revolutionary war of 1848-49.

2.  = Honvédség.

HONVEDSEG
Hon"véd*ség`, n. [Hung. honvedseg; honved + seg, an abstract or
collective suffix.] (Hungary)

Defn: See Army organization, above.

HOO
Hoo, interj.

1. See Ho. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Hurrah! -- an exclamation of triumphant joy. Shak.

-HOOD
-hood. Etym: [OE. hod, had, hed, hede, etc., person, rank, order,
condition, AS. had; akin to OS. hed, OHG. heit, G. -heit, D. -heid,
Goth. haidus manner; cf. Skr. ketu brightness, cit to appear, be
noticeable, notice. sq. root217. Cf. -head.]

Defn: A termination denoting state, condition, quality, character,
totality, as in manhood, childhood, knighthood, brotherhood.
Sometimes it is written, chiefly in obsolete words, in the form -
head.

HOOD
Hood, n. Etym: [OE. hood, hod, AS. hod; akin to D. hoed hat, G. hut,
OHG. huot, also to E. hat, and prob. to E. heed. sq. root13.]

1. State; condition. [Obs.]
How could thou ween, through that disguised hood To hide thy state
from being understood Spenser.

2. A covering or garment for the head or the head and shoulders,
often attached to the body garment; especially:
(a) A soft covering for the head, worn by women, which leaves only
the face exposed.
(b) A part of a monk's outer garment, with which he covers his head;
a cowl. "All hoods make not monks." Shak.
(c) A like appendage to a cloak or loose overcoat, that may be drawn
up over the head at pleasure.
(d) An ornamental fold at the back of an academic gown or
ecclesiastical vestment; as, a master's hood.
(e) A covering for a horse's head.
(f) (Falconry) A covering for a hawk's head and eyes. See Illust. of
Falcon.

3. Anything resembling a hood in form or use; as:
(a) The top or head of a carriage.
(b) A chimney top, often contrived to secure a constant draught by
turning with the wind.
(c) A projecting cover above a hearth, forming the upper part of the
fireplace, and confining the smoke to the flue.
(d) The top of a pump.
(e) (Ord.) A covering for a mortar.
(f) (Bot.) The hood-shaped upper petal of some flowers, as of
monkshood; -- called also helmet. Gray.
(g) (Naut.) A covering or porch for a companion hatch.

4. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: The endmost plank of a strake which reaches the stem or stern.

HOOD
Hood, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hooded; p. pr. & vb. n. Hooding.]

1. To cover with a hood; to furnish with a hood or hood-shaped
appendage.
The friar hooded, and the monarch crowned. Pope.

2. To cover; to hide; to blind.
While grace is saying, I'll hood mine eyes Thus with my hat, and sigh
and say, "Amen." Shak.
Hooding end (Shipbuilding), the end of a hood where it enters the
rabbet in the stem post or stern post.

HOODCAP
Hood"cap`, n.

Defn: See Hooded seal, under Hooded.

HOODED
Hood"ed, a.

1. Covered with a hood.

2. Furnished with a hood or something like a hood.

3. Hood-shaped; esp. (Bot.), rolled up like a cornet of paper;
cuculate, as the spethe of the Indian turnip.

4. (Zoöl.)
(a) Having the head conspicuously different in color from the rest of
the plumage; -- said of birds.
(b) Having a hoodlike crest or prominence on the head or neck; as,
the hooded seal; a hooded snake. Hooded crow, a European crow (Corvus
cornix); -- called also hoody, dun crow, and royston crow.
 -- Hooded gull, the European black-headed pewit or gull.
 -- Hooded merganser. See Merganser.
 -- Hooded seal, a large North Atlantic seal (Cystophora cristata).
The male has a large, inflatible, hoodlike sac upon the head. Called
also hoodcap.
 -- Hooded sheldrake, the hooded merganser. See Merganser.
 -- Hooded snake. See Cobra de capello, Asp, Haje, etc.
 -- Hooded warbler, a small American warbler (Sylvania mitrata).

HOODLESS
Hood"less, a.

Defn: Having no hood.

HOODLUM
Hood"lum, n.

Defn: A young rowdy; a rough, lawless fellow. [Colloq. U.S.]

HOODMAN
Hood"man, n.

Defn: The person blindfolded in the game called hoodman-blind. [Obs.]
Shak.

HOODMAN-BLIND
Hood"man-blind`, n.

Defn: An old term for blindman's buff. Shak.

HOOD MOLDING; HOOD MOULDING
Hood" mold`ing Hood" mould`ing. (Arch.)

Defn: A projecting molding over the head of an arch, forming the
outermost member of the archivolt; -- called also hood mold.

HOODOO
Hoo"doo, n. Etym: [Perh. a var. of voodoo.]

Defn: One who causes bad luck. [Colloq.]

HOODWINK
Hood"wink, v. t. Etym: [Hood + wink.]

1. To blind by covering the eyes.
We will blind and hoodwink him. Shak.

2. To cover; to hide. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To deceive by false appearance; to impose upon. "Hoodwinked with
kindness." Sir P. Sidney.

HOODY
Hood"y, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hooded crow; also, in Scotland, the hooded gull.

HOOF
Hoof, n.; pl. Hoofs, very rarely Hooves. Etym: [OE. hof, AS. hof;
akin to D. hoef, G1huf, OHG. huof, Icel. hofr, Sw. hof, Dan. hov; cf.
Russ. kopuito, Skr. çapha. sq. root225.]

1. The horny substance or case that covers or terminates the feet of
certain animals, as horses, oxen, etc.
On burnished hooves his war horse trode. Tennyson.

2. A hoofed animal; a beast.
Our cattle also shall go with us; there shall not a hoof be left
behind. Ex. x. 26.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: See Ungula.

HOOF
Hoof, v. i.

1. To walk as cattle. [R.] William Scott.

2. To be on a tramp; to foot. [Slang, U.S.] To hoof it, to foot it.

HOOFBOUND
Hoof"bound`, a. (Far.)

Defn: Having a dry and contracted hoof, which occasions pain and
lameness.

HOOFED
Hoofed, a.

Defn: Furnished with hoofs. Grew.

HOOFLESS
Hoof"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of hoofs.

HOOK
Hook, n. Etym: [OE. hok, AS. hoc; cf. D. haak, G. hake, haken, OHG.
hako, hago, haggo, Icel. haki, Sw. hake, Dan. hage. Cf. Arquebuse,
Hagbut, Hake, Hatch a half door, Heckle.]

1. A piece of metal, or other hard material, formed or bent into a
curve or at an angle, for catching, holding, or sustaining anything;
as, a hook for catching fish; a hook for fastening a gate; a boat
hook, etc.

2. That part of a hinge which is fixed to a post, and on which a door
or gate hangs and turns.

3. An implement for cutting grass or grain; a sickle; an instrument
for cutting or lopping; a billhook.
Like slashing Bentley with his desperate hook. Pope.

4. (Steam Engin.)

Defn: See Eccentric, and V-hook.

5. A snare; a trap. [R.] Shak.

6. A field sown two years in succession. [Prov. Eng.]

7. pl.

Defn: The projecting points of the thigh bones of cattle; -- called
also hook bones. By hook or by crook, one way or other; by any means,
direct or indirect. Milton. "In hope her to attain by hook or crook."
Spenser.
 -- Off the hooks, unhinged; disturbed; disordered. [Colloq.] "In the
evening, by water, to the Duke of Albemarle, whom I found mightly off
the hooks that the ships are not gone out of the river." Pepys.
 -- On one's own hook, on one's own account or responsibility; by
one's self. [Colloq. U.S.] Bartlett.
 -- To go off the hooks, to die. [Colloq.] Thackeray.
 -- Bid hook, a small boat hook.
 -- Chain hook. See under Chain.
 -- Deck hook, a horizontal knee or frame, in the bow of a ship, on
which the forward part of the deck rests.
 -- Hook and eye, one of the small wire hooks and loops for fastening
together the opposite edges of a garment, etc.
 -- Hook bill (Zoöl.), the strongly curved beak of a bird.
 -- Hook ladder, a ladder with hooks at the end by which it can be
suspended, as from the top of a wall.
 -- Hook motion (Steam Engin.), a valve gear which is reversed by V
hooks.
 -- Hook squid, any squid which has the arms furnished with hooks,
instead of suckers, as in the genera Enoploteuthis and Onychteuthis.
 -- Hook wrench, a wrench or spanner, having a hook at the end,
instead of a jaw, for turning a bolthead, nut, or coupling.

HOOK
Hook, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hooked; p. pr. & vb. n. Hooking.]

1. To catch or fasten with a hook or hooks; to seize, capture, or
hold, as with a hook, esp. with a disguised or baited hook; hence, to
secure by allurement or artifice; to entrap; to catch; as, to hook a
dress; to hook a trout.
Hook him, my poor dear, . . . at any sacrifice. W. Collins.

2. To seize or pierce with the points of the horns, as cattle in
attacking enemies; to gore.

3. To steal. [Colloq. Eng. & U.S.] To hook on, to fasten or attach
by, or as by, hook.

HOOK
Hook, v. i.

Defn: To bend; to curve as a hook.

HOOKAH
Hook"ah, n. Etym: [Per. or Ar. huqqa a round box or casket, a bottle
through which the fumes pass when smoking tobacco.]

Defn: A pipe with a long, flexible stem, so arranged that the smoke
is cooled by being made to pass through water.

HOOK-BILLED
Hook"-billed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a strongly curved bill.

HOOKED
Hooked, a.

1. Having the form of a hookl curvated; as, the hooked bill of a
bird.

2. Provided with a hook or hooks. "The hooked chariot." Milton.

HOOKEDNESS
Hook"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being bent like a hook; incurvation.

HOOKER
Hook"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, hooks.

2. (Naut.)
(a) A Dutch vessel with two masts.
(b) A fishing boat with one mast, used on the coast of Ireland.
(c) A sailor's contemptuous term for any antiquated craft.

HOOKE'S GEARING
Hooke's" gear"ing. Etym: [So called from the inventor.] (Mach.)

Defn: Spur gearing having teeth slanting across the face of the
wheel, sometimes slanting in opposite directions from the middle.

HOOKE'S JOINT
Hooke's joint. Etym: [So called from the inventor.] (Mach.)

Defn: A universal joint. See under Universal.

HOOKEY
Hook"ey, n.

Defn: See Hockey.

HOOKLET
Hook"let, n.

Defn: A little hook.

HOOK-NOSED
Hook"-nosed`, a.

Defn: Having a hooked or aquiline nose. Shak.

HOOKY
Hook"y, a.

Defn: Full of hooks; pertaining to hooks.

HOOL
Hool, a.

Defn: Whole. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HOOLOCK
Hoo"lock, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small black gibbon (Hylobates hoolock), found in the
mountains of Assam.

HOOM
Hoom, n.

Defn: Home. Chaucer.

HOONOOMAUN
Hoo"noo*maun, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Indian monkey. See Entellus. [Written also hoonuman.]

HOOP
Hoop, n. Etym: [OE. hope; akin to D. hoep, hoepel.]

1. A pliant strip of wood or metal bent in a circular form, and
united at the ends, for holding together the staves of casks, tubs,
etc.

2. A ring; a circular band; anything resembling a hoop, as the
cylinder (cheese hoop) in which the curd is pressed in making cheese.

3. A circle, or combination of circles, of thin whalebone, metal, or
other elastic material, used for expanding the skirts of ladies'
dresses; crinoline; -- used chiefly in the plural.
Though stiff with hoops, and armed with ribs of whale. Pope.

4. A quart pot; -- so called because originally bound with hoops,
like a barrel. Also, a portion of the contents measured by the
distance between the hoops. [Obs.]

5. An old measure of capacity, variously estimated at from one to
four pecks. [Eng.] Halliwell. Bulge hoop, Chine hoop, Quarter hoop,
the hoop nearest the middle of a cask, that nearest the end, and the
intermediate hoop between these two, respectively.
 -- Flat hoop, a wooden hoop dressed flat on both sides.
 -- Half-round hoop, a wooden hoop left rounding and undressed on the
outside.
 -- Hoop iron, iron in thin narrow strips, used for making hoops.
 -- Hoop lock, the fastening for uniting the ends of wooden hoops by
notching and interlocking them.
 -- Hoop skirt, a framework of hoops for expanding the skirts of a
woman's dress; -- called also hoop petticoat.
 -- Hoop snake (Zoöl.), a harmless snake of the Southern United
States (Abaster erythrogrammus); -- so called from the mistaken
notion that it curves itself into a hoop, taking its tail into its
mouth, and rolls along with great velocity.
 -- Hoop tree (Bot.), a small West Indian tree (Melia sempervirens),
of the Mahogany family.

HOOP
Hoop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hooped; p. pr. & vb. n. Hooping.]

1. To bind or fasten with hoops; as, to hoop a barrel or puncheon.

2. To clasp; to encircle; to surround. Shak.

HOOP
Hoop, v. i. Etym: [OE. houpen; cf. F. houper to hoop, to shout; -- a
hunting term, prob. fr. houp, an interj. used in calling. Cf. Whoop.]

1. To utter a loud cry, or a sound imitative of the word, by way of
call or pursuit; to shout. [Usually written whoop.]

2. To whoop, as in whooping cough. See Whoop. Hooping cough. (Med.)
See Whooping cough.

HOOP
Hoop, v. t. Etym: [Written also whoop.]

1. To drive or follow with a shout. "To be hooped out of Rome." Shak.

2. To call by a shout or peculiar cry.

HOOP
Hoop, n.

1. A shout; a whoop, as in whooping cough.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hoopoe. See Hoopoe.

HOOPER
Hoop"er, n. Etym: [See 1st Hoop.]

Defn: One who hoops casks or tubs; a cooper.

HOOPER
Hoop"er, n. (Zoöl.) Etym: [So called from its note.]

Defn: The European whistling, or wild, swan (Olor cygnus); -- called
also hooper swan, whooping swan, and elk.

HOOPOE; HOOPOO
Hoop"oe, Hoop"oo, n. Etym: [So called from its cry; cf. L. upupa, Gr.
hop, F. huppe; cf. also G. wiedenhopf, OHG. wituhopfo, lit., wood
hopper.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European bird of the genus Upupa (U. epops), having a
beautiful crest, which it can erect or depress at pleasure. Called
also hoop, whoop. The name is also applied to several other species
of the same genus and allied genera.

HOOSIER
Hoo"sier, n.

Defn: A nickname given to an inhabitant of the State of Indiana.
[U.S.]

HOOSIER STATE
Hoo"sier State.

Defn: Indiana; -- a nickname of obscure origin.

HOOT
Hoot, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hooted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hooting.] Etym:
[OE. hoten, houten, huten; cf. OSw. huta, Sw. huta ut to take one up
sharply, fr. Sw. hut interj., begone! cf. also W. hwt off! off with
it! away! hoot!]

1. To cry out or shout in contempt.
Matrons and girls shall hoot at thee no more. Dryden.

2. To make the peculiar cry of an owl.
The clamorous owl that nightly hoots. Shak.

HOOT
Hoot, v. t.

Defn: To assail with contemptuous cries or shouts; to follow with
derisive shouts.
Partridge and his clan may hoot me for a cheat. Swift.

HOOT
Hoot, n.

1. A derisive cry or shout. Glanvill.

2. The cry of an owl. Hoot owl (Zoöl.), the barred owl (Syrnium
nebulosum). See Barred owl.

HOOVE
Hoove, n. Etym: [Allied to heave, hove.]

Defn: A disease in cattle consisting in inflammation of the stomach
by gas, ordinarily caused by eating too much green food; tympany;
bloating.

HOOVEN; HOVEN
Hoov"en, Ho"ven, a.

Defn: Affected with hoove; as, hooven, or hoven, cattle.

HOP
Hop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hopped; p. pr. & vb. n. Hopping.] Etym: [OE.
hoppen to hop, leap, dance, AS. hoppian; akin to Icel. & Sw. hoppa,
Dan. hoppe, D. huppelen, G. hüpfen.]

1. To move by successive leaps, as toads do; to spring or jump on one
foot; to skip, as birds do.
[Birds] hopping from spray to spray. Dryden.

2. To walk lame; to limp; to halt. Dryden.

3. To dance. Smollett.

HOP
Hop, n.

1. A leap on one leg, as of a boy; a leap, as of a toad; a jump; a
spring.

2. A dance; esp., an informal dance of ball. [Colloq.] Hop, skip (or
step), and jump, a game or athletic sport in which the participants
cover as much ground as possible by a hop, stride, and jump in
succession. Addison.

HOP
Hop, n. Etym: [OE. hoppe; akin to D. hop, hoppe, OHG. hopfo, G.
hopfen; cf. LL. hupa, W. hopez, Armor. houpez, and Icel. humall, SW.
& Dan. humle.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A climbing plant (Humulus Lupulus), having a long, twining,
annual stalk. It is cultivated for its fruit (hops).

2. The catkin or strobilaceous fruit of the hop, much used in brewing
to give a bitter taste.

3. The fruit of the dog-rose. See Hip. Hop back. (Brewing) See under
1st Back.
 -- Hop clover (Bot.), a species of yellow clover having heads like
hops in miniature (Trifolium agrarium, and T. procumbens).
 -- Hop flea (Zoöl.), a small flea beetle (Haltica concinna), very
injurious to hops.
 -- Hop fly (Zoöl.), an aphid (Phorodon humuli), very injurious to
hop vines.
 -- Hop froth fly (Zoöl.), an hemipterous insect (Aphrophora
interrupta), allied to the cockoo spits. It often does great damage
to hop vines.
 -- Hop hornbeam (Bot.), an American tree of the genus Ostrya
(O.Virginica) the American ironwood; also, a European species (O.
vulgaris).
 -- Hop moth (Zoöl.), a moth (Hypena humuli), which in the larval
state is very injurious to hop vines.
 -- Hop picker, one who picks hops.
 -- Hop pole, a pole used to support hop vines.
 -- Hop tree (Bot.), a small American tree (Ptelia trifoliata),
having broad, flattened fruit in large clusters, sometimes used as a
substitute for hops.
 -- Hop vine (Bot.), the climbing vine or stalk of the hop.

HOP
Hop, v. t.

Defn: To impregnate with hops. Mortimer.

HOP
Hop, v. i.

Defn: To gather hops. [Perhaps only in the form Hopping, vb. n.]

HOPBINE; HOPBIND
Hop"bine`, Hop"bind`, n.

Defn: The climbing stem of the hop. Blackstone.

HOPE
Hope, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. hop a small bay or inlet.]

1. A sloping plain between mountain ridges. [Obs.]

2. A small bay; an inlet; a haven. [Scot.] Jamieson.

HOPE
Hope, n. Etym: [AS., akin to D. hoop, hope, Sw. hopp, Dan. haab, MHG.
hoffe. Hope in forlorn hope is different word. See Forlorn hope,
under Forlorn.]

1. A desire of some good, accompanied with an expectation of
obtaining it, or a belief that it is obtainable; an expectation of
something which is thought to be desirable; confidence; pleasing
expectancy.
The hypocrite's hope shall perish. Job vii. 13.
He wished, but not with hope. Milton.
New thoughts of God, new hopes of Heaven. Keble.

2. One who, or that which, gives hope, furnishes ground of
expectation, or promises desired good.
The Lord will be the hope of his people. Joel iii. 16.
A young gentleman of great hopes, whose love of learning was highly
commendable. Macaulay.

3. That which is hoped for; an object of hope.
Lavina is thine elder brother's hope. Shak.

HOPE
Hope, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hoped; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoping.] Etym: [AS.
hopian; akin to D. hopen, Sw. hopp, Dan. haabe, G. hoffen. See 2nd
Hope.]

1. To entertain or indulge hope; to cherish a desire of good, or of
something welcome, with expectation of obtaining it or belief that it
is obtainable; to expect; -- usually followed by for. "Hope for good
success." Jer. Taylor.
But I will hope continually. Ps. lxxi. 14.

2. To place confidence; to trust with confident expectation of good;
-- usually followed by in. "I hope in thy word." Ps. cxix. 81.
Why art thou cast down, O my soul and why art thou disquieted within
me Hope thou in God. Ps. xlii. 11.

HOPE
Hope, v. t.

1. To desire with expectation or with belief in the possibility or
prospect of obtaining; to look forward to as a thing desirable, with
the expectation of obtaining it; to cherish hopes of.
We hope no other from your majesty. Shak.
[Charity] hopeth all things. 1 Cor. xiii. 7.

2. To expect; to fear. [Obs.] "I hope he will be dead." Chaucer.

Note: Hope is often used colloquially regarding uncertainties, with
no reference to the future. "I hope she takes me to be flesh and
blood." Mrs. Centlivre.

HOPEFUL
Hope"ful, a.

1. Full of hope, or agreeable expectation; inclined to hope;
expectant.
Men of their own natural inclination hopeful and strongly conceited.
Hooker.

2. Having qualities which excite hope; affording promise of good or
of success; as, a hopeful youth; a hopeful prospect. "Hopeful
scholars." Addison.
 -- Hope"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Hope"ful*ness, n.

HOPEITE
Hope"ite, n. Etym: [Named after Professor Hope, of Edinburgh.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous phosphate of zinc in transparent prismatic crystals.

HOPELESS
Hope"less, a.

1. Destitute of hope; having no expectation of good; despairing.
I am a woman, friendless, hopeless. Shak.

2. Giving no ground of hope; promising nothing desirable; desperate;
as, a hopeless cause.
The hopelessword of "never to return" Breathe I against thee, upon
pain of life. Shak.

3. Unhoped for; despaired of. [Obs.] Marston.
 -- Hope"less*ly, adv.
 -- Hope"less*ness, n.

HOPER
Hop"er, n.

Defn: One who hopes. Swift.

HOPINGLY
Hop"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a hopeful manner. Hammond.

HOPLITE
Hop"lite, n. Etym: [Gr. hoplite.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A heavy-armed infantry soldier. Milford.

HOP-O'-MY-THUMB; HOP-THUMB
Hop"-o'-my-thumb", Hop"-thumb", n.

Defn: A very diminutive person. [Colloq.] liwell.

HOPPED
Hopped, p. a.

Defn: Impregnated with hops.

HOPPER
Hop"per, n. Etym: [See 1st Hop.]

1. One who, or that which, hops.

2. A chute, box, or receptacle, usually funnel-shaped with an opening
at the lower part, for delivering or feeding any material, as to a
machine; as, the wooden box with its trough through which grain
passes into a mill by joining or shaking, or a funnel through which
fuel passes into a furnace, or coal, etc., into a car.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: See Grasshopper, 2.

4. pl.

Defn: A game. See Hopscotch. Johnson.

5. (Zoöl.)
(a) See Grasshopper, and Frog hopper, Grape hopper, Leaf hopper, Tree
hopper, under Frog, Grape, Leaf, and Tree.
(b) The larva of a cheese fly.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel for carrying waste, garbage, etc., out to sea, so
constructed as to discharge its load by a mechanical contrivance; --
called also dumping scow. Bell and hopper (Metal.), the apparatus at
the top of a blast furnace, through which the charge is introduced,
while the gases are retained.
 -- Hopper boy, a rake in a mill, moving in a circle to spread meal
for drying, and to draw it over an opening in the floor, through
which it falls.
 -- Hopper closet, a water-closet, without a movable pan, in which
the receptacle is a funnel standing on a draintrap.
 -- Hopper cock, a faucet or valve for flushing the hopper of a
water-closet.

HOPPERDOZER
Hop"per*doz`er, n.  [Hopper (as in grasshopper) + doze or dose;
because conceived as putting insects to sleep or as dosing them with
poison.] (Agric.)

Defn: An appliance for the destruction of insects, consisting of a
shallow iron box, containing kerosene or coated with tar or other
sticky substance, which may be mounted on wheels.

HOPPERINGS
Hop"per*ings, n. (Gold Washing)

Defn: Gravel retaining in the hopper of a cradle.

HOPPESTERE
Hop`pes*tere", a.

Defn: An unexplained epithet used by Chaucer in reference to ships.
By some it is defined as "dancing (on the wave)"; by others as
"opposing," "warlike." T. R. Lounsbury.

HOPPET
Hop"pet, n.

1. A hand basket; also, a dish used by miners for measuring ore.
[Prov. Eng.]

2. An infant in arms. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

HOPPING
Hop"ping, n.

Defn: The act of one who, or that which, hops; a jumping, frisking,
or dancing. Hopping Dick (Zoöl.), a thrush of Jamaica (Merula
leucogenys), resembling the English blackbird in its familiar
manners, agreeable song, and dark plumage.

HOPPING
Hop"ping, n. Etym: [See 3rd Hop.]

Defn: A gathering of hops.

HOPPLE
Hop"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoppled; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoppling.]
Etym: [From Hop; cf. Hobble.]

1. To impede by a hopple; to tie the feet of (a horse or a cow)
loosely together; to hamper; to hobble; as, to hopple an unruly or
straying horse.

2. Fig.: To entangle; to hamper. Dr. H. More.

HOPPLE
Hop"ple, n.

Defn: A fetter for horses, or cattle, when turned out to graze; --
chiefly used in the plural.

HOPPLEBUSH
Hop"ple*bush`, n.

Defn: Same as Hobblebush.

HOPPO
Hop"po, n.
(a) A collector of customs, as at Canton; an overseer of commerce.
(b) A tribunal or commission having charge of the revenue derived
from trade and navigation. [China] Hoppo men, Chinese customhouse
officers.

HOPSCOTCH
Hop"scotch`, n.

Defn: A child's game, in which a player, hopping on one foot, drives
a stone from one compartment to another of a figure traced or
scotched on the ground; -- called also hoppers.

HOP-THUMB
Hop"-thumb`, n.

Defn: See Hop-o'-my-thumb.

HOPYARD
Hop"yard`, n.

Defn: A field where hops are raised.

HORAL
Ho"ral, a. Etym: [L. horalis, fr. hora hour. See Hour.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an hour, or to hours. Prior.

HORALY
Ho"ra*ly, adv.

Defn: Hourly. [Obs.]

HORARY
Ho"ra*ry, a. Etym: [LL. horarius, fr. L. hora hour: cf. F. horaire.
See Hour.]

1. Of or pertaining to an hour; noting the hours. Spectator.

2. Occurring once an hour; continuing an hour; hourly; ephemeral.
Horary, or soon decaying, fruits of summer. Sir T. Browne.
Horary circles. See Circles.

HORATIAN
Ho*ra"tian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Horace, the Latin poet, or resembling his
style.

HORDE
Horde, n. Etym: [F. horde (cf. G. horde), fr. Turk. ord, ordi, camp;
of Tartar origin.]

Defn: A wandering troop or gang; especially, a clan or tribe of a
nomadic people migrating from place to place for the sake of
pasturage, plunder, etc.; a predatory multitude. Thomson.

HORDEIC
Hor*de"ic, a. Etym: [L. hordeum barley.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, barley; as, hordeic acid, an
acid identical or isomeric with lauric acid.

HORDEIN
Hor"de*in, n. Etym: [L. hordeum barley.] (Chem.)

Defn: A peculiar starchy matter contained in barley. It is complex
mixture. [R.]

HORDEOLUM
Hor*de"o*lum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. hordeolus, dim. of hordeum
barley.] (Med.)

Defn: A small tumor upon the eyelid, resembling a grain of barley; a
sty.

HORDOCK
Hor"dock`, n.

Defn: An unidentified plant mentioned by Shakespeare, perhaps
equivalent to burdock.

HORE
Hore, a.

Defn: Hoar. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HOREHOUND
Hore"hound`, n. Etym: [OE. horehune, AS. harhune; har hoar, gray +
hune horehound; cf. L. cunila a species of organum, GR. kn to smell.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Marrubium (M. vulgare), which has a bitter
taste, and is a weak tonic, used as a household remedy for colds,
coughing, etc. [Written also hoarhound.] Fetid horehound, or Black
horehound, a disagreeable plant resembling horehound (Ballota nigra).
 -- Water horehound, a species of the genus Lycopus, resembling mint,
but not aromatic.

HORIZON
Ho*ri"zon, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. horizon, fr. Gr.

1. The circle which bounds that part of the earth's surface visible
to a spectator from a given point; the apparent junction of the earth
and sky.
And when the morning sun shall raise his car Above the border of this
horizon. Shak.
All the horizon round Invested with bright rays. Milton.

2. (Astron.)
(a) A plane passing through the eye of the spectator and at right
angles to the vertical at a given place; a plane tangent to the
earth's surface at that place; called distinctively the sensible
horizon.
(b) A plane parallel to the sensible horizon of a place, and passing
through the earth's center; -- called also rational or celestial
horizon.
(c) (Naut.) The unbroken line separating sky and water, as seen by an
eye at a given elevation, no land being visible.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: The epoch or time during which a deposit was made.
The strata all over the earth, which were formed at the same time,
are said to belong to the same geological horizon. Le Conte.

4. (Painting)

Defn: The chief horizontal line in a picture of any sort, which
determines in the picture the height of the eye of the spectator; in
an extended landscape, the representation of the natural horizon
corresponds with this line. Apparent horizon. See under Apparent.
 -- Artificial horizon, a level mirror, as the surface of mercury in
a shallow vessel, or a plane reflector adjusted to the true level
artificially; -- used chiefly with the sextant for observing the
double altitude of a celestial body.
 -- Celestial horizon. (Astron.) See def. 2, above.
 -- Dip of the horizon (Astron.), the vertical angle between the
sensible horizon and a line to the visible horizon, the latter always
being below the former.
 -- Rational horizon, and Sensible horizon. (Astron.) See def. 2,
above.
 -- Visible horizon. See definitions 1 and 2, above.

HORIZONTAL
Hor`i*zon"tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. horizontal.]

1. Pertaining to, or near, the horizon. "Horizontal misty air."
Milton.

2. Parallel to the horizon; on a level; as, a horizontalline or
surface.

3. Measured or contained in a plane of the horizon; as, horizontal
distance. Horizontal drill, a drilling machine having a horizontal
drill spindle.
 -- Horizontal engine, one the piston of which works horizontally.
 -- Horizontal fire (Mil.), the fire of ordnance and small arms at
point-blank range or at low angles of elevation.
 -- Horizontal force (Physics), the horizontal component of the
earth's magnetic force.
 -- Horizontal line (Descriptive Geometry & Drawing), a constructive
line, either drawn or imagined, which passes through the point of
sight, and is the chief line in the projection upon which all
verticals are fixed, and upon which all vanishing points are found.
 -- Horizontal parallax. See under Parallax.
 -- Horizontal plane (Descriptive Geometry), a plane parallel to the
horizon, upon which it is assumed that objects are projected. See
Projection. It is upon the horizontal plane that the ground plan of
the buildings is supposed to be drawn.
 -- Horizontal projection, a projection made on a plane parallel to
the horizon.
 -- Horizontal range (Gunnery), the distance in a horizontal plane to
which a gun will throw a projectile.
 -- Horizontal water wheel, a water wheel in which the axis is
vertical, the buckets or floats revolving in a horizontal plane, as
in most turbines.

HORIZONTALITY
Hor`i*zon*tal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. horizontalité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being horizontal. Kirwan.

HORIZONTALLY
Hor`i*zon"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a horizontal direction or position; on a level; as, moving
horizontally.

HORMOGONIUM
Hor`mo*go*ni"um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A chain of small cells in certain algæ, by which the plant is
propogated.

HORMONE
Hor"mone (hôr"mon), n. [From Gr. "orma`ein to excite.] (Physiol.
Chem.)

Defn: A chemical substance formed in one organ and carried in the
circulation to another organ on which it exerts a stimulating effect;
thus, according to Starling, the gastric glands are stimulated by a
hormone from the pyloric mucous membrane.

HORN
Horn, n. Etym: [AS. horn; akin to D. horen, hoorn, G., Icel., Sw., &
Dan. horn, Goth. haúrn, W., Gael., & Ir. corn, L. cornu, Gr. cheer,
cranium, cerebral; cf. Skr. çiras head. Cf. Carat, Corn on the foot,
Cornea, Corner, Cornet, Cornucopia, Hart.]

1. A hard, projecting, and usually pointed organ, growing upon the
heads of certain animals, esp. of the ruminants, as cattle, goats,
and the like. The hollow horns of the Ox family consist externally of
true horn, and are never shed.

2. The antler of a deer, which is of bone throughout, and annually
shed and renewed.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any natural projection or excrescence from an animal,
resembling or thought to resemble a horn in substance or form; esp.:
(a) A projection from the beak of a bird, as in the hornbill. (b) A
tuft of feathers on the head of a bird, as in the horned owl. (c) A
hornlike projection from the head or thorax of an insect, or the head
of a reptile, or fish. (d) A sharp spine in front of the fins of a
fish, as in the horned pout.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: An incurved, tapering and pointed appendage found in the
flowers of the milkweed (Asclepias).

5. Something made of a horn, or in resemblance of a horn; as:
(a) A wind instrument of music; originally, one made of a horn (of an
ox or a ram); now applied to various elaborately wrought instruments
of brass or other metal, resembling a horn in shape. "Wind his horn
under the castle wall." Spenser. See French horn, under French.
(b) A drinking cup, or beaker, as having been originally made of the
horns of cattle. "Horns of mead and ale." Mason.
(c) The cornucopia, or horn of plenty. See Cornucopia. "Fruits and
flowers from Amalthæa's horn." Milton.
(d) A vessel made of a horn; esp., one designed for containing
powder; anciently, a small vessel for carrying liquids. "Samuel took
the hornof oil and anointed him [David]." 1 Sam. xvi. 13.
(e) The pointed beak of an anvil.
(f) The high pommel of a saddle; also, either of the projections on a
lady's saddle for supporting the leg.
(g) (Arch.) The Ionic volute.
(h) (Naut.) The outer end of a crosstree; also, one of the
projections forming the jaws of a gaff, boom, etc.
(i) (Carp.) A curved projection on the fore part of a plane.
(j) One of the projections at the four corners of the Jewish altar of
burnt offering. "Joab . . . caught hold on the horns of the altar." 1
Kings ii. 28.

6. One of the curved ends of a crescent; esp., an extremity or cusp
of the moon when crescent-shaped.
The moon Wears a wan circle round her blunted horns. Thomson.

7. (Mil.)

Defn: The curving extremity of the wing of an army or of a squadron
drawn up in a crescentlike form.
Sharpening in mooned horns Their phalanx. Milton.

8. The tough, fibrous material of which true horns are composed,
being, in the Ox family, chiefly albuminous, with some phosphate of
lime; also, any similar substance, as that which forms the hoof crust
of horses, sheep, and cattle; as, a spoon of horn.

9. (Script.)

Defn: A symbol of strength, power, glory, exaltation, or pride.
The Lord is . . . the horn of my salvation. Ps. xviii. 2.

10. An emblem of a cuckold; -- used chiefly in the plural. "Thicker
than a cuckold's horn." Shak. Horn block, the frame or pedestal in
which a railway car axle box slides up and down; -- also called horn
plate.
 -- Horn of a dilemma. See under Dilemma.
 -- Horn distemper, a disease of cattle, affecting the internal
substance of the horn.
 -- Horn drum, a wheel with long curved scoops, for raising water.
 -- Horn lead (Chem.), chloride of lead.
 -- Horn maker, a maker of cuckolds. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- Horn mercury. (Min.) Same as Horn quicksilver (below).
 -- Horn poppy (Bot.), a plant allied to the poppy (Glaucium luteum),
found on the sandy shores of Great Britain and Virginia; -- called
also horned poppy. Gray.
 -- Horn pox (Med.), abortive smallpox with an eruption like that of
chicken pox.
 -- Horn quicksilver (Min.), native calomel, or bichloride of
mercury.
 -- Horn shell (Zoöl.), any long, sharp, spiral, gastropod shell, of
the genus Cerithium, and allied genera.
 -- Horn silver (Min.), cerargyrite.
 -- Horn slate, a gray, siliceous stone.
 -- To haul in one's horns, to withdraw some arrogant pretension.
[Colloq.] -- To raise, or lift, the horn (Script.), to exalt one's
self; to act arrogantly. "'Gainst them that raised thee dost thou
lift thy horn" Milton.
 -- To take a horn, to take a drink of intoxicating liquor. [Low]

HORN
Horn, v. t.

1. To furnish with horns; to give the shape of a horn to.

2. To cause to wear horns; to cuckold. [Obs.] Shak.

HORNBEAK
Horn"beak`, n.

Defn: A fish. See Hornfish.

HORNBEAM
Horn"beam`, n. Etym: [See Beam.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tree of the genus Carpinus (C. Americana), having a smooth
gray bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard. It
is common along the banks of streams in the United States, and is
also called ironwood. The English hornbeam is C. Betulus. The
American is called also blue beech and water beech. Hop hornbeam.
(Bot.) See under Hop.

HORNBILL
Horn"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird of the family Bucerotidæ, of which about sixty species
are known, belonging to numerous genera. They inhabit the tropical
parts of Asia, Africa, and the East Indies, and are remarkable for
having a more or less horn-like protuberance, which is usually large
and hollow and is situated on the upper side of the beak. The size of
the hornbill varies from that of a pigeon to that of a raven, or even
larger. They feed chiefly upon fruit, but some species eat dead
animals.

HORNBLENDE
Horn"blende`, n. Etym: [G., fr. horn horn + blende blende.] (Min.)

Defn: The common black, or dark green or brown, variety of amphibole.
(See Amphibole.) It belongs to the aluminous division of the species,
and is also characterized by its containing considerable iron. Also
used as a general term to include the whole species. Hornblende
schist (Geol.), a hornblende rock of schistose structure.

HORNBLENDIC
Horn*blend"ic, a.

Defn: Composed largely of hornblende; resembling or relating to
hornblende.

HORNBLOWER
Horn"blow`er, n. Etym: [AS. hornblawere.]

Defn: One who, or that which, blows a horn.

HORNBOOK
Horn"book`, n.

1. The first book for children, or that from which in former times
they learned their letters and rudiments; -- so called because a
sheet of horn covered the small, thin board of oak, or the slip of
paper, on which the alphabet, digits, and often the Lord's Prayer,
were written or printed; a primer. "He teaches boys the hornbook."
Shak.

2. A book containing the rudiments of any science or branch of
knowledge; a manual; a handbook.

HORNBUG
Horn"bug`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large nocturnal beetle of the genus Lucanus (as L. capreolus,
and L. dama), having long, curved upper jaws, resembling a sickle.
The grubs are found in the trunks of old trees.

HORNED
Horned, a.

Defn: Furnished with a horn or horns; furnished with a hornlike
process or appendage; as, horned cattle; having some part shaped like
a horn.
The horned moon with one bright star Within the nether tip.
Coleridge.
Horned bee (Zoöl.), a British wild bee (Osmia bicornis), having two
little horns on the head.
 -- Horned dace (Zoöl.), an American cyprinoid fish (Semotilus
corporialis) common in brooks and ponds; the common chub. See Illust.
of Chub.
 -- Horned frog (Zoöl.), a very large Brazilian frog (Ceratophrys
cornuta), having a pair of triangular horns arising from the eyelids.
 -- Horned grebe (Zoöl.), a species of grebe (Colymbus auritus), of
Arctic Europe and America, having two dense tufts of feathers on the
head.
 -- Horned horse (Zoöl.), the gnu.
 -- Horned lark (Zoöl.), the shore lark.
 -- Horned lizard (Zoöl.), the horned toad.
 -- Horned owl (Zoöl.), a large North American owl (Bubo
Virginianus), having a pair of elongated tufts of feathers on the
head. Several distinct varieties are known; as, the Arctic, Western,
dusky, and striped horned owls, differing in color, and inhabiting
different regions; -- called also great horned owl, horn owl, eagle
owl, and cat owl. Sometimes also applied to the long-eared owl. See
Eared owl, under Eared.
 -- Horned poppy. (Bot.) See Horn poppy, under Horn.
 -- Horned pout (Zoöl.), an American fresh-water siluroid fish; the
bullpout.
 -- Horned rattler (Zoöl.), a species of rattlesnake (Crotalus
cerastes), inhabiting the dry, sandy plains, from California to
Mexico. It has a pair of triangular horns between the eyes; -- called
also sidewinder.
 -- Horned ray (Zoöl.), the sea devil.
 -- Horned screamer (Zoöl.), the kamichi.
 -- Horned snake (Zoöl.), the cerastes.
 -- Horned toad (Zoöl.), any lizard of the genus Phrynosoma, of which
nine or ten species are known. These lizards have several hornlike
spines on the head, and a broad, flat body, covered with spiny
scales. They inhabit the dry, sandy plains from California to Mexico
and Texas. Called also horned lizard.
 -- Horned viper. (Zoöl.) See Cerastes.

HORNEDNESS
Horn"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The condition of being horned.

HORNEL
Horn"el, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European sand eel. [Scot.]

HORNER
Horn"er, n.

1. One who works or deal in horn or horns. [R.] Grew.

2. One who winds or blows the horn. [Obs.] Sherwood.

3. One who horns or cuckolds. [Obs.] Massinger.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The British sand lance or sand eel (Ammodytes lanceolatus).

HORNET
Hor"net, n. Etym: [AS. hyrnet; akin to OHG. hornaz, hornuz, G.
horniss; perh. akin to E. horn, and named from the sound it makes as
if blowing the horn; but more prob. akin to D. horzel, Lith.
szirszone, L. crabo.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, strong wasp. The European species (Vespa crabro) is of
a dark brown and yellow color. It is very pugnacious, and its sting
is very severe. Its nest is constructed of a paperlike material, and
the layers of comb are hung together by columns. The American white-
faced hornet (V. maculata) is larger and has similar habits. Hornet
fly (Zoöl.), any dipterous insect of the genus Asilus, and allied
genera, of which there are numerous species. They are large and
fierce flies which capture bees and other insects, often larger than
themselves, and suck their blood. Called also hawk fly, robber fly.
 -- To stir up a hornet's nest, to provoke the attack of a swarm of
spiteful enemies or spirited critics. [Colloq.]

HORNFISH
Horn"fish`, n. Etym: [AS. hornfisc.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The garfish or sea needle.

HORNFOOT
Horn"foot`, a.

Defn: Having hoofs; hoofed.

HORNIFY
Horn"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [Horn + -fy.]

Defn: To horn; to cuckold. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

HORNING
Horn"ing, n.

Defn: Appearance of the moon when increasing, or in the form of a
crescent. J. Gregory. Letters of horning (Scots Law), the process or
authority by which a person, directed by the decree of a court of
justice to pay or perform anything, is ordered to comply therewith.
Mozley & W.

HORNISH
Horn"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat like horn; hard.

HORNITO
Hor*ni"to, n. Etym: [A dim. fr. Sp. horno oven, L. furnus. See
Furnace.] (Geol.)

Defn: A low, oven-shaped mound, common in volcanic regions, and
emitting smoke and vapors from its sides and summit. Humboldt.

HORNLESS
Horn"less, a.

Defn: Having no horn.

HORN-MAD
Horn"-mad`, a.

Defn: Quite mad; -- raving crazy.
Did I tell you about Mr. Garrick, that the town are horn-mad after
Gray.

HORNOTINE
Hor"no*tine, n. Etym: [L. hornotinus of this year.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A yearling; a bird of the year.

HORNOWL
Horn"owl`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Horned Owl.

HORNPIKE
Horn"pike`, n.

Defn: The garfish. [Prov. Eng.]

HORNPIPE
Horn"pipe`, n. (Mus.)
(a) An instrument of music formerly popular in Wales, consisting of a
wooden pipe, with holes at intervals. It was so called because the
bell at the open end was sometimes made of horn.
(b) A lively tune played on a hornpipe, for dancing; a tune adapted
for such playing.
Many a hornpipe he tuned to his Phyllis. Sir W. Raleigh.
(c) A dance performed, usually by one person, to such a tune, and
popular among sailors.

HORNPOUT
Horn"pout`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Horned pout, under Horned.

HORNSNAKE
Horn"snake`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A harmless snake (Farancia abacura), found in the Southern
United States. The color is bluish black above, red below.

HORNSTONE
Horn"stone`, n. (Min.)

Defn: A siliceous stone, a variety of quartz, closely resembling
flint, but more brittle; -- called also chert.

HORNTAIL
Horn"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of family (Uroceridæ) of large hyminopterous insects,
allied to the sawflies. The larvæ bore in the wood of trees. So
called from the long, stout ovipositors of the females.

HORNWORK
Horn"work`, n. (Fort.)

Defn: An outwork composed of two demibastions joined by a curtain. It
is connected with the works in rear by long wings.

HORNWORT
Horn"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An aquatic plant (Ceratophyllum), with finely divided leaves.

HORNWRACK
Horn"wrack`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bryozoan of the genus Flustra.

HORNY
Horn"y, a. [Compar. Hornier; superl. Horniest.]

1. Having horns or hornlike projections. Gay.

2. Composed or made of horn, or of a substance resembling horn; of
the nature of horn. "The horny . . . coat of the eye." Ray.

3. Hard; callous. "His horny fist." Dryden.

HORNY-HANDED
Horn"y-hand`ed, a.

Defn: Having the hands horny and callous from labor.

HORNYHEAD
Horn"y*head`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any North American river chub of the genus Hybopsis, esp. H.
biguttatus.

HOROGRAPHY
Ho*rog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. horographie.]

1. An account of the hours. Chaucer.

2. The art of constructing instruments for making the hours, as
clocks, watches, and dials.

HOROLOGE
Hor"o*loge, n. Etym: [OE. horologe, orloge, timepiece, OF. horloge,
orloge, oriloge, F. horloge, L. horologium, fr. Gr. Hour, and Logic.]

1. A servant who called out the hours. [Obs.]

2. An instrument indicating the time of day; a timepiece of any kind;
a watch, clock, or dial. Shak.

HOROLOGER
Ho*rol"o*ger, n.

Defn: A maker or vender of clocks and watches; one skilled in
horology.

HOROLOGICAL
Hor`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. horologicus, Gr.

Defn: Relating to a horologe, or to horology.

HOROLOGIOGRAPHER
Hor`o*lo`gi*og"ra*pher, n. Etym: [See Horologiography.]

Defn: A maker of clocks, watches, or dials.

HOROLOGIOGRAPHIC
Hor`o*lo`gi*o*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to horologiography. Chambers.

HOROLOGIOGRAPHY
Hor`o*lo`gi*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

1. An account of instruments that show the hour.

2. The art of constructing clocks or dials; horography.

HOROLOGIST
Ho*rol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in horology.

HOROLOGY
Ho*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [See Horologe.]

Defn: The science of measuring time, or the principles and art of
constructing instruments for measuring and indicating portions of
time, as clocks, watches, dials, etc.

HOROMETER
Ho*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring time.

HOROMETRICAL
Hor`o*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Belonging to horometry.

HOROMETRY
Ho*rom"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. horométrie. See Horometer.]

Defn: The art, practice, or method of measuring time by hours and
subordinate divisions. "The horometry of antiquity." Sir T. Browne.

HOROPTER
Ho*rop"ter, n. Etym: [Gr. (Opt.)

Defn: The line or surface in which are situated all the points which
are seen single while the point of sight, or the adjustment of the
eyes, remains unchanged.
The sum of all the points which are seen single, while the point of
sight remains unchanged, is called the horopter. J. Le Conte.

HOROPTERIC
Hor`op*ter"ic, a. (Opt.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the horopter.

HOROSCOPE
Hor"o*scope, n. Etym: [F. horoscope, L. horoscopus, fr. Gr. n., a
horoscope; Hour, and -scope.]

1. (Astrol.)
(a) The representation made of the aspect of the heavens at the
moment of a person's birth, by which the astrologer professed to
foretell the events of the person's life; especially, the sign of the
zodiac rising above the horizon at such a moment.
(b) The diagram or scheme of twelve houses or signs of the zodiac,
into which the whole circuit of the heavens was divided for the
purposes of such prediction of fortune.

2. The planisphere invented by Jean Paduanus.

3. A table showing the length of the days and nights at all places.
Heyse.

HOROSCOPER; HOROSCOPIST
Hor"o*sco`per, Ho*ros"co*pist, n.

Defn: One versed in horoscopy; an astrologer.

HOROSCOPY
Ho*ros"co*py, n.

1. The art or practice of casting horoscopes, or observing the
disposition of the stars, with a view to prediction events.

2. Aspect of the stars at the time of a person's birth.

HORRENDOUS
Hor*ren"dous, a. Etym: [L. horrendus.]

Defn: Fearful; frightful. [Obs.] I. Watts.

HORRENT
Hor"rent, a. Etym: [L. horrens, p.pr. of horrere to bristle. See
Horror.]

Defn: Standing erect, as bristles; covered with bristling points;
bristled; bristling.
Rough and horrent with figures in strong relief. De Quincey.
With bright emblazonry and horrent arms. Milton.

HORRIBLE
Hor"ri*ble, a. Etym: [OE. horrible, orrible, OF. horrible, orrible,
F. horrible, fr. L. horribilis, fr. horrere. See Horror.]

Defn: Exciting, or tending to excite, horror or fear; dreadful;
terrible; shocking; hideous; as, a horrible sight; a horrible story;
a horrible murder.
A dungeon horrible on all sides round. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Dreadful; frightful; fearful; terrible; awful; terrific;
shocking; hideous; horrid.

HORRIBLENESS
Hor"ri*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being horrible; dreadfulness;
hideousness.
The horribleness of the mischief. Sir P. Sidney.

HORRIBLY
Hor"ri*bly, adv.

Defn: In a manner to excite horror; dreadfully; terribly.

HORRID
Hor"rid, a. Etym: [L. horridus. See Horror, and cf. Ordure.]

1. Rough; rugged; bristling. [Archaic]
Horrid with fern, and intricate with thorn. Dryden.

2. Fitted to excite horror; dreadful; hideous; shocking; hence, very
offensive.
Not in the legions Of horrid hell. Shak.
The horrid things they say. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Frightful; hideous; alarming; shocking; dreadful; awful;
terrific; horrible; abominable.

HORRIDLY
Hor"rid*ly, adv.

Defn: In a horrid manner. Shak.

HORRIDNESS
Hor"rid*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being horrid.

HORRIFIC
Hor*rif"ic, a. Etym: [L. horrifieus; horrere to be horrible + -ficare
(in comp.) to make: cf. F. horrifique. See Horror, -fy.]

Defn: Causing horror; frightful.
Let . . . nothing ghastly or horrific be supposed. I. Taylor.

HORRIFICATION
Hor`ri*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: That which causes horror. [R.] Miss Edgeworth.

HORRIFY
Hor"ri*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Horrified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Horrifying.] Etym: [L. horrificare. See Horrific.]

Defn: To cause to feel horror; to strike or impress with horror; as,
the sight horrified the beholders. E. Irving.

HORRIPILATION
Hor*rip`i*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. horripilatio, fr. horripilare to
bristle; horrere to bristle + pilus the hair: cf. F. horripilation.]
(Med.)

Defn: A real or fancied bristling of the hair of the head or body,
resulting from disease, terror, chilliness, etc.

HORRISONANT
Hor*ris"o*nant, a.

Defn: Horrisonous. [Obs.]

HORRISONOUS
Hor*ris"o*nous, a. Etym: [L. horrisonus; horrere to be horrible +
sonus a sound.]

Defn: Sounding dreadfully; uttering a terrible sound. [Obs.] Bailey.

HORROR
Hor"ror, n. Etym: [Formerly written horrour.] Etym: [L. horror, fr.
horrere to bristle, to shiver, to tremble with cold or dread, to be
dreadful or terrible; cf. Skr. h to bristle.]

1. A bristling up; a rising into roughness; tumultuous movement.
[Archaic]
Such fresh horror as you see driven through the wrinkled waves.
Chapman.

2. A shaking, shivering, or shuddering, as in the cold fit which
precedes a fever; in old medical writings, a chill of less severity
than a rigor, and more marked than an algor.

3. A painful emotion of fear, dread, and abhorrence; a shuddering
with terror and detestation; the feeling inspired by something
frightful and shocking.
How could this, in the sight of heaven, without horrors of conscience
be uttered Milton.

4. That which excites horror or dread, or is horrible; gloom;
dreariness.
Breathes a browner horror on the woods. Pope.
The horrors, delirium tremens. [Colloq.]

HORROR-STICKEN
Hor"ror-stick`en, a.

Defn: Struck with horror; horrified.
Blank and horror-stricken faces. C. Kingsley.

HORROR-STRUCK
Hor"ror-struck`, a.

Defn: Horror-stricken; horrified. M. Arnold.

HORS DE COMBAT
Hors` de com`bat". Etym: [F.]

Defn: Out of the combat; disabled from fighting.

HORS D'OEUVRE
Hors` d'ouvre"; pl. Hors d'ouveres (#). [F., lit., outside of work.]

1. Something unusual or extraordinary. [R.]

2.  A dish served as a relish, usually at the beginning of a meal.

HORSE
Horse, n. Etym: [AS. hors; akin to OS. hros, D. & OHG. ros, G. ross,
Icel. hross; and perh. to L. currere to run, E. course, current Cf.
Walrus.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hoofed quadruped of the genus Equus; especially, the domestic
horse (E. caballus), which was domesticated in Egypt and Asia at a
very early period. It has six broad molars, on each side of each jaw,
with six incisors, and two canine teeth, both above and below. The
mares usually have the canine teeth rudimentary or wanting. The horse
differs from the true asses, in having a long, flowing mane, and the
tail bushy to the base. Unlike the asses it has callosities, or
chestnuts, on all its legs. The horse excels in strength, speed,
docility, courage, and nobleness of character, and is used for
drawing, carrying, bearing a rider, and like purposes.

Note: Many varieties, differing in form, size, color, gait, speed,
etc., are known, but all are believed to have been derived from the
same original species. It is supposed to have been a native of the
plains of Central Asia, but the wild species from which it was
derived is not certainly known. The feral horses of America are
domestic horses that have run wild; and it is probably true that most
of those of Asia have a similar origin. Some of the true wild Asiatic
horses do, however, approach the domestic horse in several
characteristics. Several species of fossil (Equus) are known from the
later Tertiary formations of Europe and America. The fossil species
of other genera of the family Equidæ are also often called horses, in
general sense.

2. The male of the genus horse, in distinction from the female or
male; usually, a castrated male.

3. Mounted soldiery; cavalry; -- used without the plural termination;
as, a regiment of horse; -- distinguished from foot.
The armies were appointed, consisting of twenty-five thousand horse
and foot. Bacon.

4. A frame with legs, used to support something; as, a clotheshorse,
a sawhorse, etc.

5. A frame of timber, shaped like a horse, on which soldiers were
made to ride for punishment.

6. Anything, actual or figurative, on which one rides as on a horse;
a hobby.

7. (Mining)

Defn: A mass of earthy matter, or rock of the same character as the
wall rock, occurring in the course of a vein, as of coal or ore;
hence, to take horse -- said of a vein -- is to divide into branches
for a distance.

8. (Naut.)
(a) See Footrope, a.
(b) A breastband for a leadsman.
(c) An iron bar for a sheet traveler to slide upon.
(d) A jackstay. W. C. Russell. Totten.

Note: Horse is much used adjectively and in composition to signify
of, or having to do with, a horse or horses, like a horse, etc.; as,
horse collar, horse dealer or horsehorsehoe, horse jockey; and hence,
often in the sense of strong, loud, coarse, etc.; as, horselaugh,
horse nettle or horse-nettle, horseplay, horse ant, etc. Black horse,
Blood horse, etc. See under Black, etc.
 -- Horse aloes, caballine aloes.
 -- Horse ant (Zoöl.), a large ant (Formica rufa); -- called also
horse emmet.
 -- Horse artillery, that portion of the artillery in which the
cannoneers are mounted, and which usually serves with the cavalry;
flying artillery.
 -- Horse balm (Bot.), a strong-scented labiate plant (Collinsonia
Canadensis), having large leaves and yellowish flowers.
 -- Horse bean (Bot.), a variety of the English or Windsor bean (Faba
vulgaris), grown for feeding horses.
 -- Horse boat, a boat for conveying horses and cattle, or a boat
propelled by horses.
 -- Horse bot. (Zoöl.) See Botfly, and Bots.
 -- Horse box, a railroad car for transporting valuable horses, as
hunters. [Eng.] -- Horse breaker or trainer, one employed in subduing
or training horses for use.
 -- Horse car. (a) A railroad car drawn by horses. See under Car. (b)
A car fitted for transporting horses.
 -- Horse cassia (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Cassia Javanica),
bearing long pods, which contain a black, catharic pulp, much used in
the East Indies as a horse medicine.
 -- Horse cloth, a cloth to cover a horse.
 -- Horse conch (Zoöl.), a large, spiral, marine shell of the genus
Triton. See Triton.
 -- Horse courser. (a) One that runs horses, or keeps horses for
racing. Johnson. (b) A dealer in horses. [Obs.] Wiseman.
 -- Horse crab (Zoöl.), the Limulus; -- called also horsefoot,
horsehoe crab, and king crab.
 -- Horse crevallé (Zoöl.), the cavally.
 -- Horse emmet (Zoöl.), the horse ant.
 -- Horse finch (Zoöl.), the chaffinch. [Prov. Eng.] -- Horse gentian
(Bot.), fever root.
 -- Horse iron (Naut.), a large calking iron.
 -- Horse latitudes, a space in the North Atlantic famous for calms
and baffling winds, being between the westerly winds of higher
latitudes and the trade winds. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
 -- Horse mackrel. (Zoöl.) (a) The common tunny (Orcynus thunnus),
found on the Atlantic coast of Europe and America, and in the
Mediterranean. (b) The bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix). (c) The scad.
(d) The name is locally applied to various other fishes, as the
California hake, the black candlefish, the jurel, the bluefish, etc.
 -- Horse marine (Naut.), an awkward, lubbery person; one of a
mythical body of marine cavalry. [Slang] -- Horse mussel (Zoöl.), a
large, marine mussel (Modiola modiolus), found on the northern shores
of Europe and America.
 -- Horse nettle (Bot.), a coarse, prickly, American herb, the
Solanum Carolinense.
 -- Horse parsley. (Bot.) See Alexanders.
 -- Horse purslain (Bot.), a coarse fleshy weed of tropical America
(Trianthema monogymnum).
 -- Horse race, a race by horses; a match of horses in running or
trotting.
 -- Horse racing, the practice of racing with horses.
 -- Horse railroad, a railroad on which the cars are drawn by horses;
-- in England, and sometimes in the United States, called a tramway.
 -- Horse run (Civil Engin.), a device for drawing loaded
wheelbarrows up an inclined plane by horse power.
 -- Horse sense, strong common sense. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Horse
soldier, a cavalryman.
 -- Horse sponge (Zoöl.), a large, coarse, commercial sponge (Spongia
equina).
 -- Horse stinger (Zoöl.), a large dragon fly. [Prov. Eng.] -- Horse
sugar (Bot.), a shrub of the southern part of the United States
(Symplocos tinctoria), whose leaves are sweet, and good for fodder.
 -- Horse tick (Zoöl.), a winged, dipterous insect (Hippobosca
equina), which troubles horses by biting them, and sucking their
blood; -- called also horsefly, horse louse, and forest fly.
 -- Horse vetch (Bot.), a plant of the genus Hippocrepis (H. comosa),
cultivated for the beauty of its flowers; -- called also horsehoe
vetch, from the peculiar shape of its pods.
 -- Iron horse, a locomotive. [Colloq.] -- Salt horse, the sailor's
name for salt beef.
 -- To look a gift horse in the mouth, to examine the mouth of a
horse which has been received as a gift, in order to ascertain his
age; -- hence, to accept favors in a critical and thankless spirit.
Lowell.
 -- To take horse. (a) To set out on horseback. Macaulay. (b) To be
covered, as a mare. (c) See definition 7 (above).

HORSE
Horse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Horsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Horsing.] Etym:
[AS. horsion.]

1. To provide with a horse, or with horses; to mount on, or as on, a
horse. "Being better horsed, outrode me." Shak.

2. To sit astride of; to bestride. Shak.

3. To cover, as a mare; -- said of the male.

4. To take or carry on the back; as, the keeper, horsing a deer. S.
Butler.

5. To place on the back of another, or on a wooden horse, etc., to be
flogged; to subject to such punishment.

HORSE
Horse, v. i.

Defn: To get on horseback. [Obs.] Shelton.

HORSEBACK
Horse"back`, n.

1. The back of a horse.

2. An extended ridge of sand, gravel, and bowlders, in a half-
stratified condition. Agassiz. On horseback, on the back of a horse;
mounted or riding on a horse or horses; in the saddle.
The long journey was to be performed on horseback. Prescott.

HORSE-CHESTNUT
Horse`-chest"nut, n. (Bot.)
(a) The large nutlike seed of a species of Æsculus (Æ.
Hippocastanum), formerly ground, and fed to horses, whence the name.
(b) The tree itself, which was brought from Constantinople in the
beginning of the sixteenth century, and is now common in the
temperate zones of both hemispheres. The native American species are
called buckeyes.

HORSE-DRENCH
Horse"-drench`, n.

1. A dose of physic for a horse. Shak.

2. The appliance by which the dose is administred.

HORSEFISH
Horse"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The moonfish (Selene setipinnis).
(b) The sauger.

HORSEFLESH
Horse"flesh`, n.

1. The flesh of horses.
The Chinese eat horseflesh at this day. Bacon.

2. Horses, generally; the qualities of a horse; as, he is a judge of
horseflesh. [Colloq.] Horseflesh ore (Min.), a miner's name for
bornite, in allusion to its peculiar reddish color on fresh facture.

HORSEFLY
Horse"fly`, n.; pl. Horseflies (.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any dipterous fly of the family Tabanidæ, that stings horses,
and sucks their blood.

Note: Of these flies there are numerous species, both in Europe and
America. They have a large proboscis with four sharp lancets for
piercing the skin. Called also breeze fly. See Illust. under Diptera,
and Breeze fly.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The horse tick or forest fly (Hippobosca).

HORSEFOOT
Horse"foot`, n.; pl. Horsefeet.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The coltsfoot.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Limulus or horseshoe crab.

HORSE GUARDS
Horse" Guards`. (Mil.)

Defn: A body of cavalry so called; esp., a British regiment, called
the Royal Horse Guards, which furnishes guards of state for the
sovereign. The Horse Guards, a name given to the former headquarters
of the commander in chief of the British army, at Whitehall in
London.

HORSEHAIR
Horse"hair`, n.

Defn: A hair of a horse, especially one from the mane or tail; the
hairs of the mane or tail taken collectively; a fabric or tuft made
of such hairs. Horsehair worm (Zoöl.), the hair worm or gordius.

HORSEHEAD
Horse"head`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The silver moonfish (Selene vomer).

HORSEHIDE
Horse"hide`, n.

1. The hide of a horse.

2. Leather made of the hide of a horse.

HORSE-JOCKEY
Horse"-jock`ey, n.

1. A professional rider and trainer of race horses.

2. A trainer and dealer in horses.

HORSEKNOP
Horse"knop`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Knapweed.

HORSELAUGH
Horse"laugh`, n.

Defn: A loud, boisterous laugh; a guffaw. Pope.

HORSE-LEECH
Horse"-leech`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large blood-sucking leech (Hæmopsis vorax), of Europe and
Northern Africa. It attacks the lips and mouths of horses.

2. A farrier; a veterinary surgeon.

HORSE-LEECHERY
Horse"-leech`er*y, n.

Defn: The business of a farrier; especially, the art of curing the
diseases of horses.

HORSELESS
Horse"less, a.

Defn: Being without a horse; specif., not requiring a horse; -- said
of certain vehicles in which horse power has been replaced by
electricity, steam, etc.; as, a horseless carriage or truck.

HORSE-LITTER
Horse"-lit`ter, n.

Defn: A carriage hung on poles, and borne by and between two horses.
Milton.

HORSEMAN
Horse"man, n.; pl. Horsemen (.

1. A rider on horseback; one skilled in the management of horses; a
mounted man.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A mounted soldier; a cavalryman.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) A land crab of the genus Ocypoda, living on the coast of Brazil
and the West Indies, noted for running very swiftly.
(b) A West Indian fish of the genus Eques, as the light-horseman (E.
lanceolatus).

HORSEMANSHIP
Horse"man*ship, n.

Defn: The act or art of riding, and of training and managing horses;
manege.

HORSEMINT
Horse"mint`, n. (Bot.)
(a) A coarse American plant of the Mint family (Monarda punctata).
(b) In England, the wild mint (Mentha sylvestris).

HORSENAIL
Horse"nail`, n.

Defn: A thin, pointed nail, with a heavy flaring head, for securing a
horsehoe to the hoof; a horsehoe nail.

HORSEPLAY
Horse"play`, n.

Defn: Rude, boisterous play.
Too much given to horseplay in his raillery. Dryden.

HORSEPOND
Horse"pond`, n.

Defn: A pond for watering horses.

HORSE POWER
Horse" pow`er

Defn: .

1. The power which a horse exerts.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A unit of power, used in stating the power required to drive
machinery, and in estimating the capabilities of animals or steam
engines and other prime movers for doing work. It is the power
required for the performance of work at the rate of 33,000 English
units of work per minute; hence, it is the power that must be exerted
in lifting 33,000 pounds at the rate of one foot per minute, or 550
pounds at the rate of one foot per second, or 55 pounds at the rate
of ten feet per second, etc.

Note: The power of a draught horse, of average strength, working
eight hours per day, is about four fifths of a standard horse power.
Brake horse power, the net effective power of a prime mover, as a
steam engine, water wheel, etc., in horse powers, as shown by a
friction brake. See Friction brake, under Friction.
 -- Indicated horse power, the power exerted in the cylinder of an
engine, stated in horse powers, estimated from the diameter and speed
of the piston, and the mean effective pressure upon it as shown by an
indicator. See Indicator.
 -- Nominal horse power (Steam Engine), a term still sometimes used
in England to express certain proportions of cylinder, but having no
value as a standard of measurement.

3. A machine worked by a horse, for driving other machinery; a horse
motor.

HORSE-RADISH
Horse"-rad`ish, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Nasturtium (N. Armoracia), allied to
scurvy grass, having a root of a pungent taste, much used, when
grated, as a condiment and in medicine. Gray. Horse-radish tree.
(Bot.) See Moringa.

HORSERAKE
Horse"rake`, n.

Defn: A rake drawn by a horse.

HORSESHOE
Horse"shoe`, n.

1. A shoe for horses, consisting of a narrow plate of iron in form
somewhat like the letter U, nailed to a horse's hoof.

2. Anything shaped like a horsehoe crab.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Limulus of horsehoe crab. Horsehoe head (Med.), an old name
for the condition of the skull in children, in which the sutures are
too open, the coronal suture presenting the form of a horsehoe.
Dunglison.
 -- Horsehoe magnet, an artificial magnet in the form of a horsehoe.
 -- Horsehoe nail. See Horsenail.
 -- Horsehoe nose (Zoöl.), a bat of the genus Rhinolophus, having a
nasal fold of skin shaped like a horsehoe.

HORSESHOEING
Horse"shoe`ing, n.

Defn: The act or employment of shoeing horses.

HORSESHOER
Horse"sho`er, n.

Defn: One who shoes horses.

HORSETAIL
Horse"tail`, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A leafless plant, with hollow and rushlike stems. It is of the
genus Equisetum, and is allied to the ferns. See Illust. of
Equisetum.

2. A Turkish standard, denoting rank.

Note: Commanders are distinguished by the number of horsetails
carried before them. Thus, the sultan has seven, the grand vizier
five, and the pashas three, two, or one. Shrubby horsetail. (Bot.)
See Joint-fir.

HORSEWEED
Horse"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A composite plant (Erigeron Canadensis), which is a common
weed.

HORSEWHIP
Horse"whip`, n.

Defn: A whip for horses.

HORSEWHIP
Horse"whip`, v. t.

Defn: To flog or chastise with a horsewhip.

HORSEWOMAN
Horse"wom`an, n.; pl. Horsewomen (.

Defn: A woman who rides on horseback.

HORSEWOOD
Horse"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A West Indian tree (Calliandra latifolia) with showy, crimson
blossoms.

HORSEWORM
Horse"worm`, n.

Defn: The larva of a botfly.

HORSINESS
Hors"i*ness, n.

1. The condition or quality of being a horse; that which pertains to
a horse. Tennyson.

2. Fondness for, or interest in, horses.

HORSLY
Hors"ly, a.

Defn: Horselike. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HORSY
Hors"y, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or suggestive of, a horse, or of horse racing;
as, horsy manners; garments of fantastically horsy fashions.
[Colloq.]

HORTATION
Hor*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. hortatio, fr. hortari to incite, exhort,
fr. hori to urge.]

Defn: The act of exhorting, inciting, or giving advice; exhortation.
[R.]

HORTATIVE
Hor"ta*tive, a. Etym: [L. hortativus.]

Defn: Giving exhortation; advisory; exhortative. Bullokar.

HORTATIVE
Hor"ta*tive, n.

Defn: An exhortation. [Obs.]

HORTATORY
Hor"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. hortatorius.]

Defn: Giving exhortation or advise; encouraging; exhortatory;
inciting; as, a hortatory speech. Holland.

HORTENSIAL
Hor*ten"sial, a. Etym: [L. hortensius, hortensis, fr. hortus garden;
akin to E. yard an inclosure.]

Defn: Fit for a garden. [Obs.] Evelyn.

HORTICULTOR
Hor"ti*cul`tor, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. hortus garden + cultor a
cultivator, colere to cultivate.]

Defn: One who cultivates a garden.

HORTICULTURAL
Hor`ti*cul"tur*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. horticultural.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to horticulture, or the culture of gardens or
orchards.

HORTICULTURE
Hor"ti*cul`ture, n. Etym: [L. hortus garden + cultura culture: cf. F.
horticulture. See Yard an inclosure, and Culture.]

Defn: The cultivation of a garden or orchard; the art of cultivating
gardens or orchards.

HORTICULTURIST
Hor`ti*cul"tur*ist, n.

Defn: One who practices horticulture.

HORTULAN
Hor"tu*lan, a. Etym: [L. hortulanus; hortus garden.]

Defn: Belonging to a garden. [Obs.] Evelyn.

HORTUS SICCUS
Hor"tus sic"cus. Etym: [L., a dry garden.]

Defn: A collection of specimens of plants, dried and preserved, and
arranged systematically; an herbarium.

HORTYARD
Hort"yard, n.

Defn: An orchard. [Obs.]

HOSANNA
Ho*san"na, n.; pl. Hosannas. Etym: [Gr. hoshi'ah nnasave now, save,
we pray, hoshia' to save (Hiphil, a causative form, of yasha') + na,
a particle.]

Defn: A Hebrew exclamation of praise to the Lord, or an invocation of
blessings. "Hosanna to the Highest." Milton.
Hosanna to the Son of David. Matt. xxi. 9.

HOSE
Hose, n.; pl. Hose, formerly Hosen. Etym: [AS. hose; akin to D. hoos,
G. hose breeches, OHG. hosa, Icel. hosa stocking, gather, Dan. hose
stocking; cf. Russ. koshulia a fur jacket.]

1. Close-fitting trousers or breeches, as formerly worn, reaching to
the knee.
These men were bound in their coats, their hosen, and their hats, and
their other garments. Dan. iii. 21.
His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide For his shrunk shank.
Shak.

2. Covering for the feet and lower part of the legs; a stocking or
stockings.

3. A flexible pipe, made of leather, India rubber, or other material,
and used for conveying fluids, especially water, from a faucet,
hydrant, or fire engine. Hose carriage, cart, or truck, a wheeled
vehicle fitted for conveying hose for extinguishing fires.
 -- Hose company, a company of men appointed to bring and manage hose
in the extinguishing of fires. [U.S.] -- Hose coupling, coupling with
interlocking parts for uniting hose, end to end.
 -- Hose wrench, a spanner for turning hose couplings, to unite or
disconnect them.

HOSEN
Ho"sen, n. pl.

Defn: See Hose. [Archaic]

HOSIER
Ho"sier, n.

Defn: One who deals in hose or stocking, or in goods knit or woven
like hose.

HOSIERY
Ho"sier*y, n.

1. The business of a hosier.

2. Stockings, in general; goods knit or woven like hose.

HOSPICE
Hos"pice, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. hospitium hospitality, a place where
strangers are entertained, fr. hospes stranger, guest. See Host a
landlord.]

Defn: A convent or monastery which is also a place of refuge or
entertainment for travelers on some difficult road or pass, as in the
Alps; as, the Hospice of the Great St. Bernard.

HOSPITABLE
Hos"pi*ta*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. hospitable, LL. hospitare to receive
as a guest. See Host a landlord.]

1. Receiving and entertaining strangers or guests with kindness and
without reward; kind to strangers and guests; characterized by
hospitality. Shak.

2. Proceeding from or indicating kindness and generosity to guests
and strangers; as, hospitable rites.
To where you taper cheers the vale With hospitable ray. Goldsmith.

HOSPITABLENESS
Hos"pi*ta*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being hospitable; hospitality. Barrow.

HOSPITABLY
Hos"pi*ta*bly, adv.

Defn: In a hospitable manner.

HOSPITAGE
Hos"pi*tage, n. Etym: [LL. hospitagium, for L. hospitium. See
Hospice.]

Defn: Hospitality. [Obs.] Spenser.

HOSPITAL
Hos"pi*tal, n. Etym: [OF. hospital, ospital, F. hôpital, LL.
hospitale (or perh. E. hospital is directly from the Late Latin),
from L. hospitalis relating to a guest, hospitalia apartments for
guests, fr. hospes guest. See Host a landlord, and cf. Hostel, Hotel,
Spital.]

1. A place for shelter or entertainment; an inn. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. A building in which the sick, injured, or infirm are received and
treated; a public or private institution founded for reception and
cure, or for the refuge, of persons diseased in body or mind, or
disabled, infirm, or dependent, and in which they are treated either
at their own expense, or more often by charity in whole or in part; a
tent, building, or other place where the sick or wounded of an army
cared for. Hospital ship, a vessel fitted up for a floating hospital.
 -- Hospital Sunday, a Sunday set apart for simultaneous contribution
in churches to hospitals; as, the London Hospital Sunday.

HOSPITAL
Hos"pi*tal, a. Etym: [L. hospitalis: cf. OF. hospital.]

Defn: Hospitable. [Obs.] Howell.

HOSPITALER
Hos"pi*tal*er, n. [Written also hospitaller.] Etym: [F. hospitalier.
See Hospital, and cf. Hostler.]

1. One residing in a hospital, for the purpose of receiving the poor,
the sick, and strangers.

2. One of an order of knights who built a hospital at Jerusalem for
pilgrims, A. D. 1042. They were called Knights of St. John of
Jerusalem, and after the removal of the order to Malta, Knights of
Malta.

HOSPITALISM
Hos"pi*tal*ism, n. (Med.)

Defn: A vitiated condition of the body, due to long confinement in a
hospital, or the morbid condition of the atmosphere of a hospital.

HOSPITALITY
Hos`pi*tal"i*ty, n.; pl. Hospitalities. Etym: [L. hospitalitas: cf.
F. hospitalité.]

Defn: The act or practice of one who is hospitable; reception and
entertainment of strangers or guests without reward, or with kind and
generous liberality.
Given to hospitality. Rom. xii. 13.
And little recks to find the way to heaven By doing deeds of
hospitality. Shak.

HOSPITALIZE
Hos"pi*tal*ize, v. t. (Med.)

Defn: To render (a building) unfit for habitation, by long continued
use as a hospital.

HOSPITATE
Hos"pi*tate, v. i. Etym: [L. hospitatus, p.p. of hospitari to be a
guest, fr. hospes guest.]

Defn: To receive hospitality; to be a guest. [Obs.] Grew.

HOSPITATE
Hos"pi*tate, v. t.

Defn: To receive with hospitality; to lodge as a guest. [Obs.]
Cockeram.

HOSPITIUM
Hos*pi"ti*um, n. Etym: [L. See Hospice.]

1. An inn; a lodging; a hospice. [Obs.]

2. (Law)

Defn: An inn of court.

HOSPODAR
Hos"po*dar`, n. Etym: [A Slav. word; cf. Russ. gospodare lord,
master.]

Defn: A title borne by the princes or governors of Moldavia and
Wallachia before those countries were united as Roumania.

HOST
Host, n. Etym: [LL. hostia sacrifice, victim, from hostire to
strike.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The consecrated wafer, believed to be the body of Christ, which
in the Mass is offered as a sacrifice; also, the bread before
consecration.

Note: In the Latin Vulgate the word was applied to the Savior as
being an offering for the sins of men.

HOST
Host, n. Etym: [OE. host, ost, OF. host, ost, fr. L. hostis enemy,
LL., army. See Guest, and cf. Host a landlord.]

1. An army; a number of men gathered for war.
A host so great as covered all the field. Dryden.

2. Any great number or multitude; a throng.
And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly
host praising God. Luke ii. 13.
All at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils. Wordsworth.

HOST
Host, n. Etym: [OE. host, ost, OF. hoste, oste, F. hôte, from L.
hospes a stranger who is treated as a guest, he who treats another as
his guest, a hostl prob. fr. hostis stranger, enemy (akin to E. guest
a visitor) + potis able; akin to Skr. pati master, lord. See Host an
army, Possible, and cf. Hospitable, Hotel.]

Defn: One who receives or entertains another, whether gratuitosly or
for compensation; one from whom another receives food, lodging, or
entertainment; a landlord. Chaucer. "Fair host and Earl." Tennyson.
Time is like a fashionable host, That slightly shakes his parting
guest by the hand. Shak.

HOST
Host, v. t.

Defn: To give entertainment to. [Obs.] Spenser.

HOST
Host, v. i.

Defn: To lodge at an inn; to take up entertainment. [Obs.] "Where you
shall host." Shak.

HOSTAGE
Hos"tage, n. Etym: [OE. hostage, OF. hostage, ostage, F. ôtage, LL.
hostaticus, ostaticum, for hospitaticum, fr. L. hospes guest, host.
The first meaning is, the state of a guest, hospitality; hence, the
state of a hostage (treated as a guest); and both these meanings
occur in Old French. See Host a landlord.]

Defn: A person given as a pledge or security for the performance of
the conditions of a treaty or stipulations of any kind, on the
performance of which the person is to be released.
Your hostages I have, so have you mine; And we shall talk before we
fight. Shak.
He that hath a wife and children hath given hostages to fortune.
Bacon.

HOSTEL
Hos"tel, n. Etym: [OE. hostel, ostel, OF. hostel, ostel, LL.
hospitale, hospitalis, fr. L. hospitalis. See Hospital, and cf.
Hotel.]

1. An inn. [Archaic] Poe.
So pass I hostel, hall, and grange. Tennyson.

2. A small, unendowed college in Oxford or Cambridge. [Obs.]
Holinshed.

HOSTELER
Hos"tel*er, n. Etym: [See Hostel, and cf. Hostler.]

1. The keeper of a hostel or inn.

2. A student in a hostel, or small unendowed collede in Oxford or
Cambridge. [Obs.] Fuller.

HOSTELRY
Hos"tel*ry, n. Etym: [OE. hostelrie, hostelrye, ostelrie, OF.
hostelerie, fr. hostel. See Hostel.]

Defn: An inn; a lodging house. [Archaic] Chaucer. "Homely brought up
in a rude hostelry." B. Jonson.
Come with me to the hostelry. Longfellow.

HOSTESS
Host"ess, n. Etym: [OE. hostesse, ostesse. See Host a landlord.]

1. A female host; a woman who hospitably entertains guests at her
house. Shak.

2. A woman who entertains guests for compensation; a female
innkeeper. Shak.

HOSTESS-SHIP
Host"ess-ship, n.

Defn: The character, personality, or office of a hostess. Shak.

HOSTIE
Hos"tie, n. Etym: [F. See 1st Host.]

Defn: The consecrated wafer; the host. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

HOSTILE
Hos"tile, a. Etym: [L. hostilis, from hostis enemy: cf. F. hostile.
See Host an army.]

Defn: Belonging or appropriate to an enemy; showing the disposition
of an enemy; showing ill will and malevolence, or a desire to thwart
and injure; occupied by an enemy or enemies; inimical; unfriendly;
as, a hostile force; hostile intentions; a hostile country; hostile
to a sudden change.

Syn.
 -- Warlike; inimical; unfriendly; antagonistic; opposed; adverse;
opposite; contrary; repugnant.

HOSTILE
Hos"tile, n.

Defn: An enemy; esp., an American Indian in arms against the whites;
-- commonly in the plural. [Colloq.] P. H. Sheridan.

HOSTILELY
Hos"tile*ly, adv.

Defn: In a hostile manner.

HOSTILITY
Hos*til"i*ty, n.; pl. Hostilities. Etym: [L. hostilitas: cf. F.
hostilité.]

1. State of being hostile; public or private enemy; unfriendliness;
animosity.
Hostility being thus suspended with France. Hayward.

2. An act of an open enemy; a hostile deed; especially in the plural,
acts of warfare; attacks of an enemy.
We have showed ourselves generous adversaries . . . and have carried
on even our hostilities with humanity. Atterbury.
He who proceeds to wanton hostility, often provokes an enemy where he
might have a friend. Crabb.

Syn.
 -- Animosity; enmity; opposition; violence; aggression; contention;
warfare.

HOSTILIZE
Hos"til*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make hostile; to cause to become an enemy. [Obs.] A. Seward.

HOSTING
Host"ing, n. Etym: [From Host an army.] [Obs.]

1. An encounter; a battle. "Fierce hosting." Milton.

2. A muster or review. Spenser.

HOSTLER
Hos"tler, n. Etym: [OE. hosteler, osteler, innkeeper, OF. hostelier,
F. hôtelier. See Hostel, and cf. Hospitaler, Hosteler.]

1. An innkeeper. [Obs.] See Hosteler.

2. The person who has the care of horses at an inn or stable; hence,
any one who takes care of horses; a groom; -- so called because the
innkeeper formerly attended to this duty in person.

3. (Railroad)

Defn: The person who takes charge of a locomotive when it is left by
the engineer after a trip.

HOSTLESS
Host"less, a.

Defn: Inhospitable. [Obs.] "A hostless house." Spenser.

HOST PLANT
Host plant. (Agric.)

Defn: A plant which aids, shelters, or protects another plant in its
growth, as those which are used for nurse crops.

HOSTRY
Host"ry, n. Etym: [OE. hosterie, osterie, OF. hosterie. See Host a
landlord.]

1. A hostelry; an inn or lodging house. [Obs.] Marlowe.

2. A stable for horses. [Obs.] Johnson.

HOT
Hot, imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Hote. [Obs.] Spenser.

HOT
Hot, a. [Compar. Hotter; superl. Hottest.] Etym: [OE. hot, hat, AS.
hat; akin to OS. het, D. heet, OHG. heiz, G. heiss, Icel. heitr, Sw.
het, Dan. heed, hed; cf. Goth. heito fever, hais torch. Cf. Heat.]

1. Having much sensible heat; exciting the feeling of warmth in a
great degree; very warm; -- opposed to cold, and exceeding warm in
degree; as, a hot stove; hot water or air. "A hotvenison pasty."
Shak.

2. Characterized by heat, ardor, or animation; easily excited;
firely; vehement; passionate; violent; eager.
Achilles is impatient, hot, and revengeful. Dryden.
There was mouthing in hot haste. Byron.

3. Lustful; lewd; lecherous. Shak.

4. Acrid; biting; pungent; as, hot as mustard. Hot bed (Iron Manuf.),
an iron platform in a rolling mill, on which hot bars, rails, etc.,
are laid to cool.
 -- Hot wall (Gardening), a wall provided with flues for the
conducting of heat, to hasten the growth of fruit trees or the
ripening of fruit.
 -- Hot well (Condensing Engines), a receptacle for the hot water
drawn from the condenser by the air pump. This water is returned to
the boiler, being drawn from the hot well by the feed pump.
 -- In hot water (Fig.), in trouble; in difficulties. [Colloq.]

Syn.
 -- Burning; fiery; fervid; glowing; eager; animated; brisk;
vehement; precipitate; violent; furious; ardent; fervent; impetuous;
irascible; passionate; hasty; excitable.

HOTBED
Hot"bed`, n.

1. (Gardening)

Defn: A bed of earth heated by fermenting manure or other substances,
and covered with glass, intended for raising early plants, or for
nourishing exotics.

2. A place which favors rapid growth or development; as, a hotbed of
sedition.

HOT BLAST
Hot" blast`.

Defn: See under Blast.

HOT-BLOODED
Hot"-blood`ed, a.

Defn: Having hot blood; excitable; high-spirited; irritable; ardent;
passionate.

HOT-BRAINED
Hot"-brained`, a.

Defn: Ardent in temper; violent; rash; impetuous; as, hot-brained
youth. Dryden.

HOT BULB; HOT POT
Hot bulb, Hot pot. (Internal-combustion Engines)

Defn: See Semi-diesel, below.

HOTCHKISS GUN
Hotch"kiss gun [After Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-85), American
inventor.]

Defn: A built-up, rifled, rapid-fire gun of oil-tempered steel,
having a rectangular breechblock which moves horizontally or
vertically in a mortise cut completely through the jacket. It is made
in France.

HOTCHPOT; HOTCHPOTCH
Hotch"pot`, Hotch"potch`, n. Etym: [F. hochepot, fr. hocher to shake
+ pot pot; both of Dutch or German origin; cf. OD. hutspot
hotchpotch, D. hotsen, hutsen, to shake. See Hustle, and Pot, and cf.
Hodgepodge.]

1. A mingled mass; a confused mixture; a stew of various ingredients;
a hodgepodge.
A mixture or hotchpotch of many tastes. Bacon.

2. (Law)

Defn: A blending of property for equality of division, as when lands
given in frank-marriage to one daughter were, after the death of the
ancestor, blended with the lands descending to her and to her sisters
from the same ancestor, and then divided in equal portions among all
the daughters. In modern usage, a mixing together, or throwing into a
common mass or stock, of the estate left by a person deceased and the
amounts advanced to any particular child or children, for the purpose
of a more equal division, or of equalizing the shares of all the
children; the property advanced being accounted for at its value when
given. Bouvier. Tomlins.

Note: This term has been applied in cases of salvage. Story. It
corresponds in a measure with collation in the civil and Scotch law.
See Collation. Bouvier. Tomlins.

HOTCOCKLES
Hot"coc`kles, n. Etym: [Hot + cockle, cockle being perh. corrupt. fr.
knuckle. Cf. F. main chaude (lit., hot hand) hotcockles.]

Defn: A childish play, in which one covers his eyes, and guesses who
strikes him or his hand placed behind him.

HOTE
Hote, v. t. & i. [pres. & imp. Hatte, Hot (, etc.; p. p. Hote, Hoten
(, Hot, etc. See Hight, Hete.]

1. To command; to enjoin. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. To promise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. To be called; to be named. [Obs.]
There as I was wont to hote Arcite, Now hight I Philostrate, not
worth a mite. Chaucer.

HOTEL
Ho*tel", n. Etym: [F. hôtel, OF. hostel. See Hostel.]

1. A house for entertaining strangers or travelers; an inn or public
house, of the better class.

2. In France, the mansion or town residence of a person of rank or
wealth.

HOTEL-DE-VILLE
Hôtel`-de-ville", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A city hall or townhouse.

HOTEL-DIEU
Hôtel`-Dieu", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A hospital.

HOTEN
Hot"en, p. p.

Defn: of Hote.

HOTFOOT
Hot"foot`, adv.

Defn: In haste; foothot. [Colloq.]

HOT-HEAD
Hot"-head`, n.

Defn: A violent, passionate person; a hasty or impetuous person; as,
the rant of a hot-head.

HOT-HEADED
Hot"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Fiery; violent; rash; hasty; impetuous; vehement. Macaulay.

HOTHOUSE
Hot"house`, n.

1. A house kept warm to shelter tender plants and shrubs from the
cold air; a place in which the plants of warmer climates may be
reared, and fruits ripened.

2. A bagnio, or bathing house. [Obs.] Shak.

3. A brothel; a bagnio. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

4. (Pottery)

Defn: A heated room for drying green ware.

HOT-LIVERED
Hot"-liv`ered, a.

Defn: Of an excitable or irritable temperament; irascible. Milton.

HOTLY
Hot"ly, adv. Etym: [From Hot, a.]

1. In a hot or fiery manner; ardently; vehemently; violently;
hastily; as, a hotly pursued.

2. In a lustful manner; lustfully. Dryden.

HOT-MOUTHED
Hot"-mouthed`, a.

Defn: Headstrong.
That hot-mouthed beast that bears against the curb. Dryden.

HOTNESS
Hot"ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being hot.

2. Heat or excitement of mind or manner; violence; vehemence;
impetuousity; ardor; fury. M. Arnold.

HOTPRESS
Hot"press`, v. t.

Defn: To apply to, in conjunction with mechanical pressure, for the
purpose of giving a smooth and glosay surface, or to express oil,
etc.; as, to hotpress paper, linen, etc.

HOTPRESSED
Hot"pressed`, a.

Defn: Pressed while heat is applied. See Hotpress, v. t.

HOT-SHORT
Hot"-short`, a. (Metal.)

Defn: More or less brittle when heated; as, hot-short iron.

HOT-SPIRITED
Hot"-spir`it*ed, a.

Defn: Having a fierly spirit; hot-headed.

HOTSPUR
Hot"spur`, n. Etym: [Hot + spur.]

Defn: A rash, hot-headed man. Holinshed.

HOTSPUR; HOTSPURRED
Hot"spur`, Hot"spurred`, a.

Defn: Violent; impetuous; headstrong. Spenser. Peacham.

HOTTENTOT
Hot"ten*tot, n. Etym: [D. Hottentot; -- so called from hot and tot,
two syllables of frequent occurrence in their language. Wedgwood.]

1. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of a degraded and savage race of South Africa, with
yellowish brown complexion, high cheek bones, and wooly hair growing
in tufts.

2. The language of the Hottentots, which is remarkable for its
clicking sounds. Hottentot cherry (Bot.), a South African plant of
the genus Cassine (C. maurocenia), having handsome foliage, with
generally inconspicuous white or green flowers. Loudon.
 -- Hottentot's bread. (Bot.) See Elephant's foot (a), under
Elephant.

HOTTENTOTISM
Hot"ten*tot*ism, n.

Defn: A term employed to describe one of the varieties of stammering.
Tylor.

HOUDAH
Hou"dah, n.

Defn: See Howdah.

HOUGH
Hough, n.

Defn: Same as Hock, a joint.

HOUGH
Hough, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Houghed; p. pr. & vb. n. Houghing.]

Defn: Same as Hock, to hamstring.

HOUGH
Hough, n. Etym: [Cf. D. hak. Cf. Hack.]

Defn: An adz; a hoe. [Obs.] Bp. Stillingfleet.

HOUGH
Hough, v. t.

Defn: To cut with a hoe. [Obs.] Johnson.

HOULET
Hou"let, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An owl. See Howlet.

HOULT
Hoult, n.

Defn: A piece of woodland; a small wood. [Obs.] See Holt.

HOUND
Hound, n. Etym: [OE. hound, hund, dog, AS. hund; akin to OS. &
OFries. hund, D. hond, G. hund, OHG. hunt, Icel. hundr, Dan. & Sw.
hund, Goth. hunds, and prob. to Lith. sz, Ir. & Gael. cu, L. canis,
Gr. çvan. sq. root229. Cf. Canine, Cynic, Kennel.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of the domestic dog, usually having large, drooping
ears, esp. one which hunts game by scent, as the foxhound,
bloodhound, deerhound, but also used for various breeds of fleet
hunting dogs, as the greyhound, boarhound, etc.
Hounds and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels, curs. Shak.

2. A despicable person. "Boy! false hound!" Shak.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A houndfish.

4. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: Projections at the masthead, serving as a support for the
trestletrees and top to rest on.

5. A side bar used to strengthen portions of the running gear of a
vehicle. To follow the hounds, to hunt with hounds.

HOUND
Hound, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Hounding.]

1. To set on the chase; to incite to pursuit; as, to hounda dog at a
hare; to hound on pursuers. Abp. Bramhall.

2. To hunt or chase with hounds, or as with hounds. L'Estrange.

HOUNDFISH
Hound"fish, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small shark of the genus Galeus or Mustelus, of which there
are several species, as the smooth houndfish (G. canis), of Europe
and America; -- called also houndshark, and dogfish.

Note: The European nursehound, or small-spotted dogfish, is Scyllium
canicula; the rough houndfish, or large-spotted dogfish, is S.
catulus. The name has also sometimes been applied to the bluefish
(Pomatomus saltatrix), and to the silver gar.

HOUNDING
Hound"ing, n.

1. The act of one who hounds.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The part of a mast below the hounds and above the deck.

HOUND'S-TONGUE
Hound's"-tongue`, n. Etym: [AS. hundes tunge.] (Bot.)

Defn: A biennial weed (Cynoglossum officinale), with soft tongue-
shaped leaves, and an offensive odor. It bears nutlets covered with
barbed or hooked prickles. Called also dog's-tongue.

HOUP
Houp, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Hoopoe. [Obs.]

HOUR
Hour, n. Etym: [OE. hour, our, hore, ure, OF. hore, ore, ure, F.
heure, L. hora, fr. Gr. Year, and cf. Horologe, Horoscope.]

1. The twenty-fourth part of a day; sixty minutes.

2. The time of the day, as expressed in hours and minutes, and
indicated by a timepiece; as, what is the hour At what hour shall we
meet

3. Fixed or appointed time; conjuncture; a particular time or
occasion; as, the hour of greatest peril; the man for the hour.
Woman, . . . mine hour is not yet come. John ii. 4.
This is your hour, and the power of darkness. Luke xxii. 53.

4. pl. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Certain prayers to be repeated at stated times of the day, as
matins and vespers.

5. A measure of distance traveled.
Vilvoorden, three hours from Brussels. J. P. Peters.
After hours, after the time appointed for one's regular labor.
 -- Canonical hours. See under Canonical.
 -- Hour angle (Astron.), the angle between the hour circle passing
through a given body, and the meridian of a place.
 -- Hour circle. (Astron.) (a) Any circle of the sphere passing
through the two poles of the equator; esp., one of the circles drawn
on an artificial globe through the poles, and dividing the equator
into spaces of 15º, or one hour, each. (b) A circle upon an
equatorial telescope lying parallel to the plane of the earth's
equator, and graduated in hours and subdivisions of hours of right
ascension. (c) A small brass circle attached to the north pole of an
artificial globe, and divided into twenty-four parts or hours. It is
used to mark differences of time in working problems on the globe.
 -- Hour hand, the hand or index which shows the hour on a timepiece.
 -- Hour line. (a) (Astron.) A line indicating the hour. (b)
(Dialing) A line on which the shadow falls at a given hour; the
intersection of an hour circle which the face of the dial.
 -- Hour plate, the plate of a timepiece on which the hours are
marked; the dial. Locke.
 -- Sidereal hour, the twenty-fourth part of a sidereal day.
 -- Solar hour, the twenty-fourth part of a solar day.
 -- The small hours, the early hours of the morning, as one o'clock,
two o'clock, etc.
 -- To keep good hours, to be regular in going to bed early.

HOURGLASS
Hour"glass`, n.

Defn: An instrument for measuring time, especially the interval of an
hour. It consists of a glass vessel having two compartments, from the
uppermost of which a quantity of sand, water, or mercury occupies an
hour in running through a small aperture unto the lower.

Note: A similar instrument measuring any other interval of time takes
its name from the interval measured; as, a half-hour glass, a half-
minute glass. A three-minute glass is sometimes called an egg-glass,
from being used to time the boiling of eggs.

HOURI
Hou"ri, n.; pl. Houris. Etym: [Per. huri, hura, hur; akin to Ar. hur,
pl. of ahwar beautiful-eyed, black-eyed.]

Defn: A nymph of paradise; -- so called by the Mohammedans.

HOURLY
Hour"ly, a.

Defn: Happening or done every hour; occurring hour by hour; frequent;
often repeated; renewed hour by hour; continual.
In hourly expectation of a martyrdom. Sharp.

HOURLY
Hour"ly, adv.

Defn: Every hour; frequently; continually.
Great was their strife, which hourly was renewed. Dryden.

HOURS
Hours, n. pl. Etym: [A translation of L. Horae (Gr. Hour.] (Myth.)

Defn: Goddess of the seasons, or of the hours of the day.
Lo! where the rosy-blosomed Hours, Fair Venus' train, appear. Gray.

HOUSAGE
Hous"age, n. Etym: [From House.]

Defn: A fee for keeping goods in a house. [R.] Chambers.

HOUSE
House, n.; pl. Houses. Etym: [OE. hous, hus, AS. h; akin to OS. &
OFries. h, D. huis, OHG. h, G. haus, Icel. h, Sw. hus, Dan. huus,
Goth. gudh, house of God, temple; and prob. to E. hide to conceal.
See Hide, and cf. Hoard, Husband, Hussy, Husting.]

1. A structure intended or used as a habitation or shelter for
animals of any kind; but especially, a building or edifice for the
habitation of man; a dwelling place, a mansion.
Houses are built to live in; not to look on. Bacon.
Bees with smoke and doves with noisome stench Are from their hives
and houses driven away. Shak.

2. Household affairs; domestic concerns; particularly in the phrase
to keep house. See below.

3. Those who dwell in the same house; a household.
One that feared God with all his house. Acts x. 2.

4. A family of ancestors, descendants, and kindred; a race of persons
from the same stock; a tribe; especially, a noble family or an
illustrious race; as, the house of Austria; the house of Hanover; the
house of Israel.
The last remaining pillar of their house, The one transmitter of
their ancient name. Tennyson.

5. One of the estates of a kingdom or other government assembled in
parliament or legislature; a body of men united in a legislative
capacity; as, the House of Lords; the House of Commons; the House of
Representatives; also, a quorum of such a body. See Congress, and
Parliament.

6. (Com.)

Defn: A firm, or commercial establishment.

7. A public house; an inn; a hotel.

8. (Astrol.)

Defn: A twelfth part of the heavens, as divided by six circles
intersecting at the north and south points of the horizon, used by
astrologers in noting the positions of the heavenly bodies, and
casting horoscopes or nativities. The houses were regarded as fixed
in respect to the horizon, and numbered from the one at the eastern
horizon, called the ascendant, first house, or house of life,
downward, or in the direction of the earth's revolution, the stars
and planets passing through them in the reverse order every twenty-
four hours.

9. A square on a chessboard, regarded as the proper place of a piece.

10. An audience; an assembly of hearers, as at a lecture, a theater,
etc.; as, a thin or a full house.

11. The body, as the habitation of the soul.
This mortal house I'll ruin, Do Cæsar what he can. Shak.

12. [With an adj., as narrow, dark, etc.]

Defn: The grave. "The narrow house." Bryant.

Note: House is much used adjectively and as the first element of
compounds. The sense is usually obvious; as, house cricket,
housemaid, house painter, housework. House ant (Zoöl.), a very small,
yellowish brown ant (Myrmica molesta), which often infests houses,
and sometimes becomes a great pest.
 -- House of bishops (Prot. Epis. Ch.), one of the two bodies
composing a general convertion, the other being House of Clerical and
Lay Deputies.
 -- House boat, a covered boat used as a dwelling.
 -- House of call, a place, usually a public house, where journeymen
connected with a particular trade assemble when out of work, ready
for the call of employers. [Eng.] Simonds.
 -- House car (Railroad), a freight car with inclosing sides and a
roof; a box car.
 -- House of correction. See Correction.
 -- House cricket (Zoöl.), a European cricket (Gryllus domesticus),
which frequently lives in houses, between the bricks of chimneys and
fireplaces. It is noted for the loud chirping or stridulation of the
males.
 -- House dog, a dog kept in or about a dwelling house.
 -- House finch (Zoöl.), the burion.
 -- House flag, a flag denoting the commercial house to which a
merchant vessel belongs.
 -- House fly (Zoöl.), a common fly (esp. Musca domestica), which
infests houses both in Europe and America. Its larva is a maggot
which lives in decaying substances or excrement, about sink drains,
etc.
 -- House of God, a temple or church.
 -- House of ill fame. See Ill fame under Ill, a.
 -- House martin (Zoöl.), a common European swallow (Hirundo urbica).
It has feathered feet, and builds its nests of mud against the walls
of buildings. Called also house swallow, and window martin.
 -- House mouse (Zoöl.), the common mouse (Mus musculus).
 -- House physician, the resident medical adviser of a hospital or
other public institution.
 -- House snake (Zoöl.), the milk snake.
 -- House sparrow (Zoöl.), the common European sparrow (Passer
domesticus). It has recently been introduced into America, where it
has become very abundant, esp. in cities. Called also thatch sparrow.
 -- House spider (Zoöl.), any spider which habitually lives in
houses. Among the most common species are Theridium tepidariorum and
Tegenaria domestica.
 -- House surgeon, the resident surgeon of a hospital.
 -- House wren (Zoöl.), the common wren of the Eastern United States
(Troglodytes aëdon). It is common about houses and in gardens, and is
noted for its vivacity, and loud musical notes. See Wren.
 -- Religious house, a monastery or convent.
 -- The White House, the official residence of the President of the
United States; -- hence, colloquially, the office of President.
 -- To bring down the house. See under Bring.
 -- To keep house, to maintain an independent domestic establishment.
 -- To keep open house, to entertain friends at all times.

Syn.
 -- Dwelling; residence; abode. See Tenement.

HOUSE
House, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Housed; p. pr. & vb. n. Housing.] Etym:
[AS. h.]

1. To take or put into a house; to shelter under a roof; to cover
from the inclemencies of the weather; to protect by covering; as, to
house one's family in a comfortable home; to house farming utensils;
to house cattle.
At length have housed me in a humble shed. Young.
House your choicest carnations, or rather set them under a penthouse.
Evelyn.

2. To drive to a shelter. Shak.

3. To admit to residence; to harbor.
Palladius wished him to house all the Helots. Sir P. Sidney.

4. To deposit and cover, as in the grave. Sandys.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: To stow in a safe place; to take down and make safe; as, to
house the upper spars.

HOUSE
House, v. i.

1. To take shelter or lodging; to abide to dwell; to lodge.
You shall not house with me. Shak.

2. (Astrol.)

Defn: To have a position in one of the houses. See House, n.,

8. "Where Saturn houses." Dryden.

HOUSEBOTE
House"bote`, n. Etym: [House + bote.] (Law)

Defn: Wood allowed to a tenant for repairing the house and for fuel.
This latter is often called firebote. See Bote.

HOUSEBREAKER
House"break`er, n.

Defn: One who is guilty of the crime of housebreaking.

HOUSEBREAKING
House"break`ing, n.

Defn: The act of breaking open and entering, with a felonious
purpose, the dwelling house of another, whether done by day or night.
See Burglary, and To break a house, under Break.

HOUSEBUILDER
House"build`er, n.

Defn: One whose business is to build houses; a housewright.

HOUSECARL
House"carl`, n. Etym: [OE. huscarle. See House, and Carl.] (Eng.
Archæol.)

Defn: A household servant; also, one of the bodyguard of King Canute.

HOUSEHOLD
House"hold`, n.

1. Those who dwell under the same roof and compose a family.
And calls, without affecting airs, His household twice a day to
prayers. Swift.

2. A line of ancestory; a race or house. [Obs.] Shak.

HOUSEHOLD
House"hold`, a.

Defn: Belonging to the house and family; domestic; as, household
furniture; household affairs. Household bread, bread made in the
house for common use; hence, bread that is not of the finest quality.
[Obs.] -- Household gods (Rom. Antiq.), the gods presiding over the
house and family; the Lares and Penates; hence, all objects endeared
by association with home.
 -- Household troops, troops appointed to attend and guard the
sovereign or his residence.

HOUSEHOLDER
House"hold`er, n.

Defn: The master or head of a family; one who occupies a house with
his family.
Towns in which almost every householder was an English Protestant.
Macaulay.
Compound householder. See Compound, a.

HOUSEKEEPER
House"keep`er, n.

1. One who occupies a house with his family; a householder; the
master or mistress of a family. Locke.

2. One who does, or oversees, the work of keeping house; as, his wife
is a good housekeeper; often, a woman hired to superintend the
servants of a household and manage the ordinary domestic affairs.

3. One who exercises hospitality, or has plentiful and hospitable
household. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

4. One who keeps or stays much at home. [R.]
You are manifest housekeeper. Shak.

5. A house dog. [Obs.] Shak.

HOUSEKEEPING
House"keep`ing, n.

1. The state of being occupying a dwelling house as a householder.

2. Care of domestic concerns; management of a house and home affairs.

3. Hospitality; a liberal and hospitable table; a supply of
provisions. [Obs.]
Tell me, softly and hastly, what's in the pantry Small housekeeping
enough, said Phoebe. Sir W. Scott.

HOUSEKEEPING
House"keep`ing, a.

Defn: Domestic; used in a family; as, housekeeping commodities.

HOUSEL
Hou"sel, n. Etym: [OE. housel, husel, AS. h; akin to Icel. h, Goth.
hunsl a sacrifice.]

Defn: The eucharist. [Archaic] Rom. of R. Tennyson.

HOUSEL
Hou"sel, v. t. Etym: [AS. h.]

Defn: To administer the eucharist to. [Archaic] Chaucer.

HOUSELEEK
House"leek`, n. Etym: [House + leek.] (Bot.)

Defn: A succulent plant of the genus Sempervivum (S. tectorum),
originally a native of subalpine Europe, but now found very generally
on old walls and roofs. It is very tenacious of life under drought
and heat; -- called also ayegreen.

HOUSELESS
House"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of the shelter of a house; shelterless; homeless; as,
a houseless wanderer.

HOUSELESSNESS
House"less*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being houseless.

HOUSELINE
House"line`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A small line of three strands used for seizing; -- called also
housing. Totten.

HOUSELING
House"ling`, a.

Defn: Same as Housling.

HOUSEMAID
House"maid`, n.

Defn: A female servant employed to do housework, esp. to take care of
the rooms. Housemaid's knee (Med.), a swelling over the knee, due to
an enlargement of the bursa in the front of the kneepan; -- so called
because frequently occurring in servant girls who work upon their
knees.

HOUSEMATE
House"mate`, n.

Defn: One who dwells in the same house with another. R. Browning.

HOUSEROOM
House"room`, n.

Defn: Room or place in a house; as, to give any one houseroom.

HOUSEWARMING
House"warm`ing, n.

Defn: A feast or merry-making made by or for a family or business
firm on taking possession of a new house or premises. Johnson.

HOUSEWIFE
House"wife`, n. Etym: [House + wife. Cf. Hussy.]

1. The wife of a householder; the mistress of a family; the female
head of a household. Shak.
He a good husband, a good housewife she. Dryden.

2. (Usually pronounced Etym: [See Hussy, in this sense.]

Defn: A little case or bag for materials used in sewing, and for
other articles of female work; -- called also hussy. [Written also
huswife.] P. Skelton.

3. A hussy. [R.] [Usually written huswife.] Shak. Sailor's housewife,
a ditty-bag.

HOUSEWIFE; HOUSEWIVE
House"wife`, House"wive`, v. t.

Defn: To manage with skill and economy, as a housewife or other
female manager; to economize.
Conferred those moneys on the nuns, which since they have well
housewived. Fuller.

HOUSEWIFELY
House"wife`ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining or appropriate to a housewife; domestic; economical;
prudent.
A good sort of woman, ladylike and housewifely. Sir W. Scott.

HOUSEWIFERY
House"wif`er*y, n.

Defn: The business of the mistress of a family; female management of
domestic concerns.

HOUSEWORK
House"work`, n.

Defn: The work belonging to housekeeping; especially, kitchen work,
sweeping, scrubbing, bed making, and the like.

HOUSEWRIGHT
House"wright`, n.

Defn: A builder of houses.

HOUSING
Hous"ing, n. Etym: [From House. In some of its senses this word has
been confused with the following word.]

1. The act of putting or receiving under shelter; the state of
dwelling in a habitation.

2. That which shelters or covers; houses, taken collectively. Fabyan.

3. (Arch.)
(a) The space taken out of one solid, to admit the insertion of part
of another, as the end of one timber in the side of another.
(b) A niche for a statue.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: A frame or support for holding something in place, as journal
boxes, etc.

5. (Naut.)
(a) That portion of a mast or bowsprit which is beneath the deck or
within the vessel.
(b) A covering or protection, as an awning over the deck of a ship
when laid up.
(c) A houseline. See Houseline.

HOUSING
Hous"ing, n. Etym: [From Houss.]

1. A cover or cloth for a horse's saddle, as an ornamental or
military appendage; a saddlecloth; a horse cloth; in plural,
trappings.

2. An appendage to the hames or collar of a harness.

HOUSLING
Hous"ling, a. Etym: [See Housel.]

Defn: Sacramental; as, housling fire. [R.] Spenser.

HOUSS
Houss, n. Etym: [F. housse, LL. hulcia, fr. OHG. hulst; akin to E.
holster. See Holster, and cf. 2d Housing.]

Defn: A saddlecloth; a housing. [Obs.] Dryden.

HOUSTONIA
Hous*to"ni*a, n. [NL. So named after Dr. William Houston, an English
surgeon and botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of small rubiaceous herbs, having tetramerous salveform
blue or white flower. There are about twenty species, natives of
North America. Also, a plant of this genus.

HOUTOU
Hou"tou, n. Etym: [From its note.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beautiful South American motmot. Waterton.

HOUVE
Houve, n. Etym: [AS. hufe.]

Defn: A head covering of various kinds; a hood; a coif; a cap. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

HOUYHNHNM
Hou*yhnhnm", n.

Defn: One of the race of horses described by Swift in his imaginary
travels of Lemuel Gulliver. The Houyhnhnms were endowed with reason
and noble qualities; subject to them were Yahoos, a race of brutes
having the form and all the worst vices of men.

HOVE
Hove, imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Heave. Hove short, Hove to. See To heave a cable short, To
heave a ship to, etc., under Heave.

HOVE
Hove, v. i. & t.

Defn: To rise; to swell; to heave; to cause to swell. [Obs. or Scot.]
Holland. Burns.

HOVE
Hove, v. i. Etym: [OE. hoven. See Hover.]

Defn: To hover around; to loiter; to lurk. [Obs.] Gower.

HOVEL
Hov"el, n. Etym: [OE. hovel, hovil, prob. a dim. fr. AS. hof house;
akin to D. & G. hof court, yard, Icel. hof temple; cf. Prov. E. hove
to take shelter, heuf shelter, home.]

1. An open shed for sheltering cattle, or protecting produce, etc.,
from the weather. Brande & C.

2. A poor cottage; a small, mean house; a hut.

3. (Porcelain Manuf.)

Defn: A large conical brick structure around which the firing kilns
are grouped. Knight.

HOVEL
Hov"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoveled or Hovelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hoveling or Hovelling.]

Defn: To put in a hovel; to shelter.
To hovel thee with swine, and rogues forlon. Shak.
The poor are hoveled and hustled together. Tennyson.

HOVELER
Hov"el*er, n.

Defn: One who assists in saving life and property from a wreck; a
coast boatman. [Written also hoveller.] [Prov. Eng.] G. P. R. James.

HOVELING
Hov"el*ing, n.

Defn: A method of securing a good draught in chimneys by covering the
top, leaving openings in the sides, or by carrying up two of the
sides higher than the other two. [Written also hovelling.]

HOVEN
Ho"ven, obs. or archaic

Defn: p. p. of Heave.

HOVEN
Ho"ven, a.

Defn: Affected with the disease called hoove; as, hoven cattle.

HOVER
Hov"er, n. Etym: [Etymol. doubtful.]

Defn: A cover; a shelter; a protection. [Archaic] Carew. C. Kingsley.

HOVER
Hov"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hovered; p. pr. & vb. n. Hovering.] Etym:
[OE. hoveren, and hoven, prob. orig., to abide, linger, and fr. AS.
hof house; cf. OFries. hovia to receive into one's house. See Hovel.]

1. To hang fluttering in the air, or on the wing; to remain in flight
or floating about or over a place or object; to be suspended in the
air above something.
Great flights of birds are hovering about the bridge, and settling on
it. Addison.
A hovering mist came swimming o'er his sight. Dryden.

2. To hang about; to move to and fro near a place, threateningly,
watchfully, or irresolutely.
Agricola having sent his navy to hover on the coast. Milton.
Hovering o'er the paper with her quill. Shak.

HOVERER
Hov"er*er, n.

Defn: A device in an incubator for protecting the young chickens and
keeping them warm.

HOVER-HAWK
Hov"er-hawk`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The kestrel.

HOVERINGLY
Hov"er*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a hovering manner.

HOW
How, adv. Etym: [OE. how, hou, hu, hwu, AS. h, from the same root as
hwa, hwæt, who, what, pron. interrog.; akin to OS. hwow, D. hoe, cf.
G. wie how, Goth. hwe wherewith, hwaiwa how. sq. root182. See Who,
and cf. Why.]

1. In what manner or way; by what means or process.
How can a man be born when he is old John iii. 4.

2. To what degree or extent, number or amount; in what proportion; by
what measure or quality.
O, how love I thy law! it is my meditation all the day. Ps. cxix. 97.
By how much they would diminish the present extent of the sea, so
much they would impair the fertility, and fountains, and rivers of
the earth. Bentley.

3. For what reason; from what cause.
How now, my love! why is your cheek so pale Shak.

4. In what state, condition, or plight.
How, and with what reproach, shall I return Dryden.

5. By what name, designation, or title.
How art thou called Shak.

6. At what price; how dear. [Obs.]
How a score of ewes now Shak.

Note: How is used in each sense, interrogatively, interjectionally,
and relatively; it is also often employed to emphasize an
interrogation or exclamation. "How are the mighty fallen!" 2 Sam. i.
27. Sometimes, also, it is used as a noun; -- as, the how, the when,
the wherefore. Shelley.
Let me beg you -- don't say "How" for "What" Holmes.

HOWADJI
How*adj"i, n. Etym: [Ar.]

1. A traveler.

2. A merchant; -- so called in the East because merchants were
formerly the chief travelers.

HOWBEIT
How*be"it, conj. Etym: [How + be + it.]

Defn: Be it as it may; nevertheless; notwithstanding; although;
albeit; yet; but; however.
The Moor -- howbeit that I endure him not -Is of a constant, loving,
noble nature. Shak.

HOWDAH
How"dah, n. Etym: [Ar. hawdaj.]

Defn: A seat or pavilion, generally covered, fastened on the back of
an elephant, for the rider or riders. [Written also houdah.]

HOWDY
How"dy, n. Etym: [Scot., also houdy- wife. Of uncertain origin; cf.
OSw. jordgumma; or perh. fr. E. how d'ye.]

Defn: A midwife. [Prov. Eng.]

HOWEL
How"el, n.

Defn: A tool used by coopers for smoothing and chamfering rheir work,
especially the inside of casks.

HOWEL
How"el, v. t.

Defn: To smooth; to plane; as, to howel a cask.

HOWELL
How"ell, n.

Defn: The upper stage of a porcelian furnace.

HOWEVER
How*ev"er, adv. Etym: [Sometimes contracted into howe'er.]

1. In whetever manner, way, or degree.
However yet they me despise and spite. Spenser.
Howe'er the business goes, you have made fault. Shak.

2. At all events; at least; in any case.
Our chief end is to be freed from all, if it may be, however from the
greatest evils. Tillotson.

HOWEVER
How*ev"er, conj.

Defn: Nevertheless; notwithstanding; yet; still; though; as, I shall
not oppose your design; I can not, however, approve of it.
In your excuse your love does little say; You might howe'er have took
a better way. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- However, At least, Nevertheless, Yet. These words, as here
compared, have an adversative sense in reference to something
referred to in the context. However is the most general, and leads to
a final conclusion or decision. Thus we say, the truth, however, has
not yet fully come out; i.e., such is the speaker's conclusion in
view of the whole case. So also we say, however, you may rely on my
assistance to that amount; i. e., at all events, whatever may happen,
this is my final decision. At least is adversative in another way. It
points out the utmost concession that can possibly be required, and
still marks the adversative conclusion; as, at least, this must be
done; whatever may be our love of peace, we must at least maintain
the rights of conscience. Nevertheless denotes that though the
concession be fully made, it has no bearing of the question; as,
nevertheless, we must go forward. Yet signifies that however extreme
the supposition or fact comceded may be, the consequence which might
naturally be expected does not and will not follow; as, though I
should die with thee, yet will I not deny thee; though he slay me,
yet will I trust in him. Cf. But.

HOWITZ
How"itz, n.

Defn: A howitzer. [Obs.]

HOWITZER
How"itz*er, n. Etym: [G. haubitze, formerly hauffnitz, Bohem.
haufnice, orig., a sling.] (Mil.)
(a) A gun so short that the projectile, which was hollow, could be
put in its place by hand; a kind of mortar. [Obs.]
(b) A short, light, largebore cannon, usually having a chamber of
smaller diameter than the rest of the bore, and intended to throw
large projectiles with comparatively small charges.

HOWKER
How"ker, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Same as Hooker.

HOWL
Howl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Howled; p. pr. & vb. n. Howling.] Etym:
[OE. houlen, hulen; akin to D. huilen, MHG. hiulen, hiuweln, OHG.
hiuwilon to exult, h owl, Dan. hyle to howl.]

1. To utter a loud, protraced, mournful sound or cry, as dogs and
wolves often do.
And dogs in corners set them down to howl. Drayton.
Methought a legion of foul fiends Environ'd me about, and howled in
my ears. Shak.

2. To utter a sound expressive of distress; to cry aloud and
mournfully; to lament; to wail.
Howl ye, for the day of the Lord is at hand. Is. xiii. 6.

3. To make a noise resembling the cry of a wild beast.
Wild howled the wind. Sir W. Scott.
Howling monkey. (Zoöl.) See Howler, 2.
 -- Howling wilderness, a wild, desolate place inhabited only by wild
beasts. Deut. xxxii. 10.

HOWL
Howl, v. t.

Defn: To utter with outcry. "Go . . . howl it out in deserts."
Philips.

HOWL
Howl, n.

1. The protracted, mournful cry of a dog or a wolf, or other like
sound.

2. A prolonged cry of distress or anguish; a wail.

HOWLER
Howl"er, n.

1. One who howls.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any South American monkey of the genus Mycetes. Many species
are known. They are arboreal in their habits, and are noted for the
loud, discordant howling in which they indulge at night.

HOWLET
Howl"et, n. Etym: [Equiv. to owlet, influenced by howl: cf. F.
hulotte, OHG. h, hiuwela.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An owl; an owlet. [Written also houlet.] R. Browning.

HOWP
Howp, v. i.

Defn: To cry out; to whoop. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HOWSO
How"so, adv.

Defn: Howsoever. [Obs.]

HOWSOEVER
How`so*ev"er, adj. & conj. Etym: [How + so + ever.]

1. In what manner soever; to whatever degree or extent; however.
I am glad he's come, howsoever he comes. Shak.

2. Although; though; however. [Obs.] Shak.

HOWVE
Howve, n.

Defn: A hood. See Houve. [Obs.]

HOX
Hox, v. t. Etym: [See Hock. sq. root.]

Defn: To hock; to hamstring. See Hock. [Obs.] Shak.

HOY
Hoy, n. Etym: [D. heu, or Flem. hui.] (Naut.)

Defn: A small coaster vessel, usually sloop-rigged, used in conveying
passengers and goods from place to place, or as a tender to larger
vessels in port.
The hoy went to London every week. Cowper.

HOY
Hoy, interj. Etym: [D. hui. Cf. Ahoy.]

Defn: Ho! Halloe! Stop!

HOYDEN
Hoy"den, n.

Defn: Same as Hoiden.

HOYMAN
Hoy"man, n.; pl. Hoymen (.

Defn: One who navigates a hoy.
A common hoyman to carry goods by water for hire. Hobart.

HSIEN
Hsien, n.  [Chin.]

Defn: An administrative subdivision of a fu, or department, or of an
independent chow; also, the seat of government of such a district.

HUANACO
Hua*na"co, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Guanaco.

HUARACHO
Hua*ra"cho, n.; pl. Huarachos (#). [Amer. Sp., also guaracha,
guarache, huarache, prob. of Mexican origin.]

Defn: A kind of sandal worn by Indians and the lower classes
generally; --usually used in pl. [Southern U. S. & Mex.]

HUB
Hub, n. Etym: [See 1st Hob.]

1. The central part, usually cylindrical, of a wheel; the nave. See
Illust. of Axle box.

2. The hilt of a weapon. Halliwell.

3. A rough protuberance or projecting obstruction; as, a hub in the
road. [U.S.] See Hubby.

4. A goal or mark at which quoits, etc., are cast.

5. (Diesinking)

Defn: A hardened, engraved steel punch for impressing a device upon a
die, used in coining, etc.

6. A screw hob. See Hob,

3.

7. A block for scotching a wheel. Hub plank (Highway Bridges), a
horizontal guard plank along a truss at the height of a wagon-wheel
hub.
 -- Up to the hub, as far as possible in embarrassment or difficulty,
or in business, like a wheel sunk in mire; deeply involved. [Colloq.]

HUBBLE-BUBBLE
Hub"ble-bub`ble, n.

Defn: A tobacco pipe, so arranged that the smoke passes through
water, making a bubbling noise, whence its name. In India, the bulb
containing the water is often a cocoanut shell.

HUBBUB
Hub"bub, n. Etym: [Cf. Whoobub, Whoop, Hoop, v. i.]

Defn: A loud noise of many confused voices; a tumult; uproar. Milton.
This hubbub of unmeaning words. Macaulay.

HUBBY
Hub"by, a.

Defn: Full of hubs or protuberances; as, a road that has been frozen
while muddy is hubby. [U.S.]

HUBNER; HUEBNER
Hüb"ner, n. Etym: [After Hübner, who analyzed it.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of brownish black color, occurring in columnar or
foliated masses. It is native manganese tungstate.

HUCH; HUCHEN
Huch, Hu"chen, n. Etym: [G.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large salmon (Salmo, or Salvelinus, hucho) inhabiting the
Danube; -- called also huso, and bull trout.

HUCK
Huck, v. i. Etym: [See Hawk to offer for sale, Huckster.]

Defn: To higgle in trading. [Obs.] Holland.

HUCKABACK
Huck"a*back, n. Etym: [Perh. orig., peddler's wares; cf. LG. hukkebak
pickback. Cf. Huckster.]

Defn: A kind of linen cloth with raised figures, used for towelings.

HUCKLE
Huc"kle, n. Etym: [Perh. dim. of Prov. E. hucka hook, and so named
from its round shape. See Hook.]

1. The hip; the haunch.

2. A bunch or part projecting like the hip. Huckle bone. (a) The hip
bone; the innominate bone. (b) A small bone of the ankle; astragalus.
[R.] Udall.

HUCKLE-BACKED
Huc"kle-backed`, a.

Defn: Round-shoulded.

HUCKLEBERRY
Huc"kle*ber`ry, n. Etym: [Cf. Whortleberry.] (Bot.)
(a) The edible black or dark blue fruit of several species of the
American genus Gaylussacia, shrubs nearly related to the blueberries
(Vaccinium), and formerly confused with them. The commonest
huckelberry comes from G. resinosa.
(b) The shrub that bears the berries. Called also whortleberry. Squaw
huckleberry. See Deeberry.

HUCKSTER
Huck"ster, n. Etym: [OE. hukstere, hukster, OD. heukster, D. heuker;
akin to D. huiken to stoop, bend, OD. huycken, huken, G. hocken, to
squat, Icel. h; -- the peddler being named from his stooping under
the load on his back. Cf. Hawk to offer for sale.]

1. A retailer of small articles, of provisions, and the like; a
peddler; a hawker. Swift.

2. A mean, trickish fellow. Bp. Hall.

HUCKSTER
Huck"ster, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Huckstered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Huckstering.]

Defn: To deal in small articles, or in petty bargains. Swift.

HUCKSTERAGE
Huck"ster*age, n.

Defn: The business of a huckster; small dealing; peddling.
Ignoble huckster age of piddling tithes. Milton.

HUCKSTERER
Huck"ster*er, n.

Defn: A huckster. Gladstone.
Those hucksterers or money-jobbers. Swift.

HUCKSTRESS
Huck"stress, n.

Defn: A female huckster.

HUD
Hud, n. Etym: [Cf. Hood a covering.]

Defn: A huck or hull, as of a nut. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

HUDDLE
Hud"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Huddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Huddling.]
Etym: [Cf. OE. hoderen, hodren, to cover, keep, warm; perh. akin to
OE. huden, hiden, to hide, E. hide, and orig. meaning, to get
together for protection in a safe place. Cf. Hide to conceal.]

Defn: To press together promiscuously, from confusion, apprehension,
or the like; to crowd together confusedly; to press or hurry in
disorder; to crowd.
The cattle huddled on the lea. Tennyson.
Huddling together on the public square . . . like a herd of panic-
struck deer. Prescott.

HUDDLE
Hud"dle, v. t.

1. To crowd (things) together to mingle confusedly; to assemble
without order or system.
Our adversary, huddling several suppositions together, . . . makes a
medley and confusion. Locke.

2. To do, make, or put, in haste or roughly; hence, to do
imperfectly; -- usually with a following preposition or adverb; as,
to huddle on; to huddle up; to huddle together. "Huddle up a peace."
J. H. Newman.
Let him forescat his work with timely care, Which else is huddled
when the skies are fair. Dryden.
Now, in all haste, they huddle on Their hoods, their cloaks, and get
them gone. Swift.

HUDDLE
Hud"dle, n.

Defn: A crowd; a number of persons or things crowded together in a
confused manner; tumult; confusion. "A huddle of ideas." Addison.

HUDDLER
Hud"dler, n.

Defn: One who huddles things together.

HUDGE
Hudge, n. (Mining)

Defn: An iron bucket for hoisting coal or ore. Raymond.

HUDIBRASTIC
Hu`di*bras"tic, a.

Defn: Similar to, or in the style of, the poem "Hudibras," by Samuel
Butler; in the style of doggerel verse. Macaulay.

HUDSONIAN
Hud*so"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Hudson's Bay or to the Hudson River; as,
the Hudsonian curlew.

HUE
Hue, n. Etym: [OE. hew, heow, color, shape, form, AS. hiw, heow; akin
to Sw. hy skin, complexion, Goth. hiwi form, appearance.]

1. Color or shade of color; tint; dye. "Flowers of all hue." Milton.
Hues of the rich unfolding morn. Keble.

2. (Painting)

Defn: A predominant shade in a composition of primary colors; a
primary color modified by combination with others.

HUE
Hue, n. Etym: [OE. hue, huer, to hoot, shout, prob. fr. OF. hu an
exclamation.]

Defn: A shouting or vociferation. Hue and cry (Law), a loud outcry
with which felons were anciently pursued, and which all who heard it
were obliged to take up, joining in the pursuit till the malefactor
was taken; in later usage, a written proclamation issued on the
escape of a felon from prison, requiring all persons to aid in
retaking him. Burrill.

HUED
Hued, a.

Defn: Having color; -- usually in composition; as, bright-hued; many-
hued. Chaucer.

HUELESS
Hue"less, a. Etym: [AS. hiwleás. See Hue color.]

Defn: Destitute of color. Hudibras.

HUER
Hu"er, n.

Defn: One who cries out or gives an alarm; specifically, a balker; a
conder. See Balker.

HUFF
Huff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Huffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Huffing.] Etym:
[Cf. OE. hoove to puff up, blow; prob. of imitative origin.]

1. To swell; to enlarge; to puff up; as, huffed up with air. Grew.

2. To treat with insolence and arrogance; to chide or rebuke with
insolence; to hector; to bully.
You must not presume to huff us. Echard.

3. (Draughts)

Defn: To remove from the board (the piece which could have captured
an opposing piece). See Huff, v. i., 3.

HUFF
Huff, v. i.

1. To enlarge; to swell up; as, bread huffs.

2. To bluster or swell with anger, pride, or arrogance; to storm; to
take offense.
THis senseless arrogant conceit of theirs made them huff at the
doctrine of repentance. South.

3. (Draughts)

Defn: To remove from the board a man which could have captured a
piece but has not done so; -- so called because it was the habit to
blow upon the piece.

HUFF
Huff, n.

1. A swell of sudden anger or arrogance; a fit of disappointment and
petulance or anger; a rage. "Left the place in a huff." W. Irving.

2. A boaster; one swelled with a false opinion of his own value or
importance.
Lewd, shallow-brained huffs make atheism and contempt of religion the
sole badge . . . of wit. South.
To take huff, to take offence. Cowper.

HUFFCAP
Huff"cap`, n.

Defn: A blusterer; a bully. [Obs.] -- a.

Defn: Blustering; swaggering. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

HUFFER
Huff"er, n.

Defn: A bully; a blusterer. Hudibras.

HUFFINESS
Huff"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being huffish; petulance; bad temper. Ld. Lytton.

HUFFINGLY
Huff"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Blusteringly; arrogantly. [R.]
And huffingly doth this bonny Scot ride. Old Ballad.

HUFFISH
Huff"ish, a.

Defn: Disposed to be blustering or arrogant; petulant.
 -- Huff"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Huff"ish*ness, n.

HUFFY
Huff"y, a.

1. Puffed up; as, huffy bread.

2. Characterized by arrogance or petulance; easily offended.

HUG
Hug, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hugged; p. pr. & vb. n. Hugging.] Etym:
[Prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. sidde paa huk to squat, Sw. huka
sig to squat, Icel. h. Cf. Huckster.]

1. To cower; to crouch; to curl up. [Obs.] Palsgrave.

2. To crowd together; to cuddle. [Obs.] Shak.

HUG
Hug, v. t.

1. To press closely within the arms; to clasp to the bosom; to
embrace. "And huggen me in his arms." Shak.

2. To hold fast; to cling to; to cherish.
We hug deformities if they bear our names. Glanvill.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: To keep close to; as, to hug the land; to hug the wind. To hug
one's self, to congratulate one's self; to chuckle.

HUG
Hug, n.

Defn: A close embrace or clasping with the arms, as in affection or
in wrestling. Fuller.

HUGE
Huge, a. [Compar. Huger; superl. Hugest.] Etym: [OE. huge, hoge, OF.
ahuge, ahoge.]

Defn: Very large; enormous; immense; excessive; -- used esp. of
material bulk, but often of qualities, extent, etc.; as, a huge ox; a
huge space; a huge difference. "The huge confusion." Chapman. "A huge
filly." Jer. Taylor.
 -- Huge"ly, adv.
 -- Huge"ness, n.
Doth it not flow as hugely as the sea. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Enormous; gigantic; colossal; immense; prodigious; vast.

HUGGER
Hug"ger, n.

Defn: One who hugs or embraces.

HUGGER
Hug"ger, v. t. & i.

Defn: To conceal; to lurk ambush. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

HUGGER-MUGGER
Hug"ger-mug`ger, n. Etym: [Scot. huggrie-muggrie; Prov. E. hugger to
lie in ambush, mug mist, muggard sullen.]

Defn: Privacy; secrecy. Commonly in the phrase in hugger-mugger, with
haste and secrecy. [Archaic]
Many things have been done in hugger-mugger. Fuller.

HUGGER-MUGGER
Hug"ger-mug`ger, a.

1. Secret; clandestine; sly.

2. Confused; disorderly; slovenly; mean; as, hugger-mugger doings.

HUGGLE
Hug"gle, v. t. Etym: [Freq. of hug.]

Defn: To hug. [Obs.]

HUGUENOT
Hu"gue*not, n. Etym: [F., properly a dim. of Hugues. The name is
probably derived from the Christian name (Huguenot) of some person
conspicuous as a reformer.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A French Protestant of the period of the religious wars in
France in the 16th century.

HUGUENOTISM
Hu"gue*not*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. huguenotisme.]

Defn: The religion of the Huguenots in France.

HUGY
Hu"gy, a.

Defn: Vast. [Obs.] Dryden.

HUIA BIRD
Hu"ia bird`. Etym: [Native name; -- so called from its cry.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A New Zealand starling (Heteralocha acutirostris), remarkable
for the great difference in the form and length of the bill in the
two sexes, that of the male being sharp and straight, that of the
female much longer and strongly curved.

HUISHER
Hui"sher, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Usher. B. Jonson.

HUISHER
Hui"sher, v. t.

Defn: To usher. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

HUKE
Huke, n. Etym: [OF. huque, LL. huca; cf. D. huik.]

Defn: An outer garment worn in Europe in the Middle Ages. [Written
also heuk and hyke.] [Obs.] Bacon.

HULAN
Hu"lan, n.

Defn: See Uhlan.

HULCH
Hulch, n. Etym: [Cf. Hunch.]

Defn: A hunch. [Obs.]

HULCHY
Hulch"y, a.

Defn: Swollen; gibbous. [Obs.]

HULK
Hulk, n. Etym: [OE. hulke a heavy ship, AS. hulc a light, swift ship;
akin to D. hulk a ship of burden, G. holk, OHG. holcho; perh. fr. LL.
holcas, Gr. Wolf, Holcad.]

1. The body of a ship or decked vessel of any kind; esp., the body of
an old vessel laid by as unfit for service. "Some well-timbered
hulk." Spenser.

2. A heavy ship of clumsy build. Skeat.

3. Anything bulky or unwieldly. Shak. Shear hulk, an old ship fitted
with an apparatus to fix or take out the masts of a ship.
 -- The hulks, old or dismasted ships, formerly used as prisons.
[Eng.] Dickens.

HULK
Hulk, v. t. Etym: [Cf. MLG. holken to hollow out, Sw. hålka.]

Defn: To take out the entrails of; to disembowel; as, to hulk a hare.
[R.] Beau. & Fl.

HULKING; HULKY
Hulk"ing, Hulk"y, a.

Defn: Bulky; unwiedly. [R.] "A huge hulking fellow." H. Brooke.

HULL
Hull, n. Etym: [OE. hul, hol, shell, husk, AS. hulu; akin to G. hülle
covering, husk, case, hüllen to cover, Goth. huljan to cover, AS.
helan to hele, conceal. sq. root17. See Hele, v. t., Hell.]

1. The outer covering of anything, particularly of a nut or of grain;
the outer skin of a kernel; the husk.

2. Etym: [In this sense perh. influenced by D. hol hold of a ship, E.
hold.] (Naut.)

Defn: The frame or body of a vessel, exclusive of her masts, yards,
sails, and rigging.
Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light. Dryden.
Hull down, said of a ship so distant that her hull is concealed by
the convexity of the sea.

HULL
Hull, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hulled; p. pr. & vb. n. Hulling.]

1. To strip off or separate the hull or hulls of; to free from
integument; as, to hull corn.

2. To pierce the hull of, as a ship, with a cannon ball.

HULL
Hull, v. i.

Defn: To toss or drive on the water, like the hull of a ship without
sails. [Obs.] Shak. Milton.

HULLABALOO
Hul`la*ba*loo", n. Etym: [Perh. a corruption of hurly-burly.]

Defn: A confused noise; uproar; tumult. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

HULLED
Hulled, a.

Defn: Deprived of the hulls. Hulled corn, kernels of maize prepared
for food by removing the hulls.

HULLER
Hull"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, hulls; especially, an agricultural
machine for removing the hulls from grain; a hulling machine.

HULLO
Hul*lo", interj.

Defn: See Hollo.

HULLY
Hull"y, a.

Defn: Having or containing hulls.

HULOIST
Hu"lo*ist, n.

Defn: See Hyloist.

HULOTHEISM
Hu"lo*the*ism, n.

Defn: See Hylotheism.

HULVER
Hul"ver, n. Etym: [OE. hulfere; prob. akin to E. holly.]

Defn: Holly, an evergreen shrub or tree.

HUM
Hum, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hummed; p. pr. & vb. n. Humming.] Etym: [Of
imitative origin; cf. G. hummen, D. hommelen. sq. root15.]

1. To make a low, prolonged sound, like that of a bee in flight; to
drone; to murmur; to buzz; as, a top hums. P. Fletcher.
Still humming on, their drowsy course they keep. Pope.

2. To make a nasal sound, like that of the letter m prolonged,
without opening the mouth, or articulating; to mumble in monotonous
undertone; to drone.
The cloudy messenger turns me his back, And hums. Shak.

3. Etym: [Cf. Hum, interj.]

Defn: To make an inarticulate sound, like h'm, through the nose in
the process of speaking, from embarrassment or a affectation; to hem.

4. To express satisfaction by a humming noise.
Here the spectators hummed. Trial of the Regicides.

Note: Formerly the habit of audiences was to express gratification by
humming and displeasure by hissing.

5. To have the sensation of a humming noise; as, my head hums, -- a
pathological condition.

HUM
Hum, v. t.

1. To sing with shut mouth; to murmur without articulation; to
mumble; as, to hum a tune.

2. To express satisfaction with by humming.

3. To flatter by approving; to cajole; to impose on; to humbug.
[Colloq. & Low]

HUM
Hum, n.

1. A low monotonous noise, as of bees in flight, of a swiftly
revolving top, of a wheel, or the like; a drone; a buzz.
The shard-borne beetle with his drowsy hums. Shak.

2. Any inarticulate and buzzing sound; as:
(a) The confused noise of a crowd or of machinery, etc., heard at a
distance; as, the hum of industry.
But 'midst the crowd, the hum, the shock of men. Byron.

(b) A buzz or murmur, as of approbation. Macaulay.

3. An imposition or hoax.

4. Etym: [Cf. Hem, interj.]

Defn: An inarticulate nasal sound or murmur, like h'm, uttered by a
speaker in pause from embarrassment, affectation, etc.
THese shrugs, these hums and ha's. Shak.

5. Etym: [Perh. so called because strongly intoxicating.]

Defn: A kind of strong drink formerly used. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Venous
hum. See under Venous.

HUM
Hum, interj. Etym: [Cf. Hem, interj.]

Defn: Ahem; hem; an inarticulate sound uttered in a pause of speech
implying doubt and deliberation. Pope.

HUMAN
Hu"man, a. Etym: [L. humanus; akin to homo man: cf. F. humain. See
Homage, and cf. Humane, Omber.]

Defn: Belonging to man or mankind; having the qualities or attributes
of a man; of or pertaining to man or to the race of man; as, a human
voice; human shape; human nature; human sacrifices.
To err is human; to forgive, divine. Pope.

HUMAN
Hu"man, n.

Defn: A human being. [Colloq.]
Sprung of humans that inhabit earth. Chapman.
We humans often find ourselves in strange position. Prof. Wilson.

HUMANATE
Hu"man*ate, a. Etym: [LL. humanatus.]

Defn: Indued with humanity. [Obs.] Cranmer.

HUMANE
Hu*mane", a. Etym: [L. humanus: cf. F. humain. See Human.]

1. Pertaining to man; human. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

2. Having the feelings and inclinations creditable to man; having a
disposition to treat other human beings or animals with kindness;
kind; benevolent.
Of an exceeding courteous and humane inclination. Sportswood.

3. Humanizing; exalting; tending to refine.

Syn.
 -- Kind; sympathizing; benevolent; mild; compassionate; gentle;
tender; merciful.
 -- Hu*mane"ly, adv.
 -- Hu*mane"ness, n.

HUMANICS
Hu*man"ics, n.

Defn: The study of human nature. [R.] T. W. Collins.

HUMANIFY
Hu*man"i*fy, v. t.

Defn: To make human; to invest with a human personality; to
incarnate. [R.]
The humanifying of the divine Word. H. B. Wilson.

HUMANISM
Hu"man*ism, n.

1. Human nature or disposition; humanity.
[She] looked almost like a being who had rejected with indifference
the attitude of sex for the loftier quality of abstract humanism. T.
Hardy.

2. The study of the humanities; polite learning.

HUMANIST
Hu"man*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. humaniste.]

1. One of the scholars who in the field of literature proper
represented the movement of the Renaissance, and early in the 16th
century adopted the name Humanist as their distinctive title. Schaff-
Herzog.

2. One who purposes the study of the humanities, or polite
literature.

3. One versed in knowledge of human nature.

HUMANISTIC
Hu`man*is"tic, a.

1. Of or pertaining to humanity; as, humanistic devotion. Caird.

2. Pertaining to polite kiterature. M. Arnold.

HUMANITARIAN
Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an, a.

1. (Theol. & Ch. Hist.)

Defn: Pertaining to humanitarians, or to humanitarianism; as, a
humanitarian view of Christ's nature.

2. (Philos.)

Defn: Content with right affections and actions toward man; ethical,
as distinguished from religious; believing in the perfectibility of
man's nature without supernatural aid.

3. Benevolent; philanthropic. [Recent]

HUMANITARIAN
Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an, n. Etym: [From Humanity.]

1. (Theol. & Ch. Hist.)

Defn: One who denies the divinity of Christ, and believes him to have
been merely human.

2. (Philos.)

Defn: One who limits the sphere of duties to human relations and
affections, to the exclusion or disparagement of the religious or
spiritual.

3. One who is actively concerned in promoting the welfare of his
kind; a philanthropist. [Recent]

HUMANITARIANISM
Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an*ism, n.

1. (Theol. & Ch. Hist.)

Defn: The distinctive tenet of the humanitarians in denying the
divinity of Christ; also, the whole system of doctrine based upon
this view of Christ.

2. (Philos.)

Defn: The doctrine that man's obligations are limited to, and
dependent alone upon, man and the human relations.

HUMANITIAN
Hu`ma*ni"tian, n.

Defn: A humanist. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

HUMANITY
Hu*man"i*ty, n.; pl. Humanities. Etym: [L. humanitas: cf. F.
humanité. See Human.]

1. The quality of being human; the peculiar nature of man, by which
he is distinguished from other beings.

2. Mankind collectively; the human race.
But hearing oftentimes The still, and music humanity. Wordsworth.
It is a debt we owe to humanity. S. S. Smith.

3. The quality of being humane; the kind feelings, dispositions, and
sympathies of man; especially, a disposition to relieve persons or
animals in distress, and to treat all creatures with kindness and
tenderness. "The common offices of humanity and friendship." Locke.

4. Mental cultivation; liberal education; instruction in classical
and polite literature.
Polished with humanity and the study of witty science. Holland.

5. pl. (With definite article)

Defn: The branches of polite or elegant learning; as language,
rhetoric, poetry, and the ancient classics; belles-letters.

Note: The cultivation of the languages, literature, history, and
archæology of Greece and Rome, were very commonly called literæ
humaniores, or, in English, the humanities, . . . by way of
opposition to the literæ divinæ, or divinity. G. P. Marsh.

HUMANIZATION
Hu*man`i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of humanizing. M. Arnold.

HUMANIZE
Hu"man*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humanized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Humanizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. humaniser.]

1. To render human or humane; to soften; to make gentle by overcoming
cruel dispositions and rude habits; to refine or civilize.
Was it the business of magic to humanize our natures with compassion
Addison.

2. To give a human character or expression to. "Humanized
divinities." Caird.

3. (Med.)

Defn: To convert into something human or belonging to man; as, to
humanize vaccine lymph.

HUMANIZE
Hu"man*ize, v. i.

Defn: To become or be made more humane; to become civilized; to be
ameliorated.
By the original law of nations, war and extirpation were the
punishment of injury. Humanizing by degrees, it admitted slavery
instead of death; a further step was the exchange of prisoners
instead of slavery. Franklin.

HUMANIZER
Hu"man*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who renders humane.

HUMANKIND
Hu"man*kind`, n.

Defn: Mankind. Pope.

HUMANLY
Hu"man*ly, adv.

1. In a human manner; after the manner of men; according to the
knowledge or wisdom of men; as, the present prospects, humanly
speaking, promise a happy issue. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Kindly; humanely. [Obs.] Pope.

HUMANNESS
Hu"man*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being human.

HUMATE
Hu"mate, n. Etym: [L. humus the earth, ground.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of humic acid.

HUMATION
Hu*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. humatio, fr. humare to cover with earth, to
inter, fr. humus the earth, ground. See Homage.]

Defn: Interment; inhumation. [R.]

HUMBIRD
Hum"bird`, n.

Defn: Humming bird.

HUMBLE
Hum"ble, a. [Compar. Humbler; superl. Humblest.] Etym: [F., fr. L.
humilis on the ground, low, fr. humus the earth, ground. See Homage,
and cf. Chameleon, Humiliate.]

1. Near the ground; not high or lofty; not pretentious or
magnificent; unpretending; unassuming; as, a humble cottage.
THy humble nest built on the ground. Cowley.

2. Thinking lowly of one's self; claiming little for one's self; not
proud, arrogant, or assuming; thinking one's self ill-deserving or
unworthy, when judged by the demands of God; lowly; waek; modest.
God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the humble. Jas. iv.
6.
She should be humble who would please. Prior.
Without a humble imitation of the divine Author of our . . . religion
we can never hope to be a happy nation. Washington.
Humble plant (Bot.), a species of sensitive plant, of the genus
Mimosa (M. sensitiva).
 -- To eat humble pie, to endure mortification; to submit or
apologize abjectly; to yield passively to insult or humilitation; --
a phrase derived from a pie made of the entrails or humbles of a
deer, which was formerly served to servants and retainers at a
hunting feast. See Humbles. Halliwell. Thackeray.

HUMBLE
Hum"ble, a.

Defn: Hornless. See Hummel. [Scot.]

HUMBLE
Hum"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Humbling.]

1. To bring low; to reduce the power, independence, or exaltation of;
to lower; to abase; to humilate.
Here, take this purse, thou whom the heaven's plagues Have humbled to
all strokes. Shak.
The genius which humbled six marshals of France. Macaulay.

2. To make humble or lowly in mind; to abase the pride or arrogance
of; to reduce the self-sufficiently of; to make meek and submissive;
-- often used rexlexively.
Humble yourselves therefore under the mighty hand of God, that he may
exalt you. 1 Pet. v. 6.

Syn.
 -- To abase; lower; depress; humiliate; mortify; disgrace; degrade.

HUMBLEBEE
Hum"ble*bee`, n. Etym: [OE. humbilbee, hombulbe; cf. D. hommel, G.
hummel, OHG. humbal, Dan. humle, Sw. humla; perh. akin to hum. sq.
root15. Cf. Bumblebee.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bumblebee. Shak.

HUMBLEHEAD
Hum"ble*head`, n. Etym: [Humble + -head.]

Defn: Humble condition or estate; humility. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HUMBLENESS
Hum"ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being humble; humility; meekness.

HUMBLER
Hum"bler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, humbles some one.

HUMBLES
Hum"bles, n. pl. Etym: [See Nombles.]

Defn: Entrails of a deer. [Written also umbles.] Johnson.

HUMBLESSE
Hum"blesse, n. Etym: [OF.]

Defn: Humbleness; abasement; low obeisance. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

HUMBLY
Hum"bly, adv.

Defn: With humility; lowly. Pope.

HUMBUG
Hum"bug`, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. hum to impose on, deceive + bug a
frightful object.]

1. An imposition under fair pretenses; something contrived in order
to deceive and mislead; a trick by cajolery; a hoax.

2. A spirit of deception; cajolery; trickishness.

3. One who deceives or misleads; a deceitful or trickish fellow; an
impostor. Sir J. Stephen.

HUMBUG
Hum"bug`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humbugged; p. pr. & vb. n. Humbugging.]

Defn: To deceive; to impose; to cajole; to hoax.

HUMBUGGER
Hum"bug`ger, n.

Defn: One who humbugs.

HUMBUGGERY
Hum"bug`ger*y, n.

Defn: The practice of imposition.

HUMDRUM
Hum"drum`, a.

Defn: Monotonous; dull; commonplace. "A humdrum crone." Bryant.

HUMDRUM
Hum"drum`, n.

1. A dull fellow; a bore. B. Jonson.

2. Monotonous and tedious routine.
Dissatisfied with humdrum. The Nation.

3. A low cart with three wheels, drawn by one horse.

HUMECT; HUMECTATE
Hu*mect", Hu*mec"tate, v. t. Etym: [L. humectare, humectatum, fr.
humectus moist, fr. humere to be moist: cf. F. humecter.]

Defn: To moisten; to wet. [Obs.] Howell.

HUMECTANT
Hu*mec"tant, a. Etym: [L. humectans, p.pr.]

Defn: Diluent.
 -- n.

Defn: A diluent drink or medicine. [Obs.]

HUMECTATION
Hu`mec*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. humectatio: cf. F. humectation.]

Defn: A moistening. [Obs.] Bacon.

HUMECTIVE
Hu*mec"tive, a.

Defn: Tending to moisten. [Obs.]

HUMERAL
Hu"mer*al, a. Etym: [L. humerus the shoulder: cf. F. huméral.]
(Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the humerus, or upper part of the arm;
brachial. Humeral veil (R. C. Ch.), a long, narrow veil or scarf of
the same material as the vestments, worn round the shoulders by the
officiating priest or his attendant at Mass, and used to protect the
sacred vessels from contact with the hands.

HUMERUS
Hu"me*rus, n.; pl. Humeri. Etym: [L.] (Anat.)
(a) The bone of the brachium, or upper part of the arm or fore limb.
(b) The part of the limb containing the humerus; the brachium.

HUMIC
Hu"mic, a. Etym: [L. humus the earth, ground: cf. F. humique.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, vegetable mold; as, humic acid.
See Humin.

HUMICUBATION
Hu`mi*cu*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. humus the ground + cubare to lie
down.]

Defn: The act or practice of lying on the ground. [Obs.] Abp.
Bramhall.

HUMID
Hu"mid, a. Etym: [L. humidus, umidus, fr. humere, umere, to be moist;
akin to uvidus moist, Gr. uksh to wet, sprinkle, and Icel. vökr
moist, and perh. to E. ox: cf. F. humide.]

Defn: Containing sensible moisture; damp; moist; as, a humidair or
atmosphere; somewhat wet or watery; as, humid earth; consisting of
water or vapor.
Evening cloud, or humid bow. Milton.

HUMIDITY
Hu*mid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. humidité.]

Defn: Moisture; dampness; a moderate degree of wetness, which is
perceptible to the eye or touch; -- used especially of the
atmosphere, or of anything which has absorbed moisture from the
atmosphere, as clothing.

Note: In hygrometrical reports (as of the United States Signal
Service) complete saturation of the air is designated by Humidity
100, and its partial saturation by smaller numbers.

HUMIDNESS
Hu"mid*ness, n.

Defn: Humidity.

HUMIFUSE
Hu"mi*fuse, a. Etym: [L. humus ground + fusus, p.p. of fundere to
spread.] (Bot.)

Defn: Spread over the surface of the ground; procumbent. Gray.

HUMILIANT
Hu*mil"i*ant, a. Etym: [L. humilians, p.pr. of humiliare.]

Defn: Humiliating; humbling. "Humiliant thoughts." [R.] Mrs.
Browning.

HUMILIATE
Hu*mil"i*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humiliated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Humiliating.] Etym: [L. humiliatus, p.p. of humiliare. See Humble.]

Defn: To reduce to a lower position in one's own eyes, or in the eyes
of others; to humble; to mortify.
We stand humiliated rather than encouraged. M. Arnold.

HUMILIATION
Hu*mil`i*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. humiliatio: cf. F. humiliation.]

1. The act of humiliating or humbling; abasement of pride;
mortification. Bp. Hopkins.

2. The state of being humiliated, humbled, or reduced to lowliness or
submission.
The former was a humiliation of Deity; the latter a humiliation of
manhood. Hooker.

HUMILITY
Hu*mil"i*ty, n.; pl. Humilities. Etym: [OE. humilite, OF. humilité,
humelité, F. humilité, fr. L. humiliatis. See Humble.]

1. The state or quality of being humble; freedom from pride and
arrogance; lowliness of mind; a modest estimate of one's own worth; a
sense of one's own unworthiness through imperfection and sinfulness;
self-abasement; humbleness.
Serving the Lord with all humility of mind. Acts xx. 19.

2. An act of submission or courtesy.
With these humilities they satisfied the young king. Sir J. Davies.

Syn.
 -- Lowliness; humbleness; meekness; modesty; diffidence.
 -- Humility, Modesty, Diffidence. Diffidence is a distrust of our
powers, combined with a fear lest our failure should be censured,
since a dread of failure unconnected with a dread of censure is not
usually called diffidence. It may be carried too far, and is not
always, like modesty and humility, a virtue. Modesty, without
supposing self-distrust, implies an unwillingness to put ourselves
forward, and an absence of all over-confidence in our own powers.
Humility consists in rating our claims low, in being willing to waive
our rights, and take a lower place than might be our due. It does not
require of us to underrate ourselves.

HUMIN
Hu"min, n. Etym: [L. humus the earth, ground.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter, brownish yellow, amorphous substance, extracted from
vegetable mold, and also produced by the action of acids on certain
sugars and carbohydrates; -- called also humic acid, ulmin, gein,
ulmic or geic acid, etc.

HUMIRI
Hu*mi"ri, n. Etym: [From native name.] (Bot.)

Defn: A fragrant balsam obtained from Brazilian trees of the genus
Humirium.

HUMITE
Hum"ite, n. Etym: [Named after Sir A.Hume.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a transparent vitreous brown color, found in the
ejected masses of Vesuvius. It is a silicate of iron and magnesia,
containing fluorine.

HUMMEL
Hum"mel, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Hamble.]

Defn: To separate from the awns; -- said of barley. [Scot.]

HUMMEL
Hum"mel, a.

Defn: Having no awns or no horns; as, hummelcorn; a hummel cow.
[Scot.]

HUMMELER
Hum"mel*er, n. Etym: [Written also hummeller.]

Defn: One who, or a machine which, hummels.

HUMMER
Hum"mer, n.

1. One who, or that which, hums; one who applauds by humming.
Ainsworth.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A humming bird.

HUMMING
Hum"ming, a.

Defn: Emitting a murmuring sound; droning; murmuring; buzzing.

HUMMING
Hum"ming, n.

Defn: A sound like that made by bees; a low, murmuring sound; a hum.
Hummingale, lively or strong ale. Dryden.
 -- Humming bird (Zoöl.), any bird of the family Trochilidæ, of which
over one hundred genera are known, including about four hundred
species. They are found only in America and are most abundant in the
tropics. They are mostly of very small size, and are not for their
very brilliant colors and peculiar habit of hovering about flowers
while vibrating their wings very rapidly with a humming noise. They
feed both upon the nectar of flowers and upon small insects. The
common humming bird or ruby-throat of the Eastern United States is
Trochilus culubris. Several other species are found in the Western
United States. See Calliope, and Ruby-throat.
 -- Humming-bird moth (Zoöl.), a hawk moth. See Hawk moth, under
Hawk, the bird.

HUMMOCK
Hum"mock, n. Etym: [Prob. a dim. of hump. See Hump.]

1. A rounded knoll or hillock; a rise of ground of no great extent,
above a level surface.

2. A ridge or pile of ice on an ice field.

3. Timbered land. See Hammock. [Southern U.S.]

HUMMOCKING
Hum"mock*ing, n.

Defn: The process of forming hummocks in the collision of Arctic ice.
Kane.

HUMMOCKY
Hum"mock*y, a.

Defn: Abounding in hummocks.

HUMMUM
Hum"mum, n. Etym: [Per. or Ar. hamman.]

Defn: A sweating bath or place for sweating. Sir T. Herbert.

HUMOR
Hu"mor, n. Etym: [OE. humour, OF. humor, umor, F. humeur, L. humor,
umor, moisture, fluid, fr. humere, umere, to be moist. See Humid.]
[Written also humour.]

1. Moisture, especially, the moisture or fluid of animal bodies, as
the chyle, lymph, etc.; as, the humors of the eye, etc.

Note: The ancient physicians believed that there were four humors
(the blood, phlegm, yellow bile or choler, and black bile or
melancholy), on the relative proportion of which the temperament and
health depended.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A vitiated or morbid animal fluid, such as often causes an
eruption on the skin. "A body full of humors." Sir W. Temple.

3. State of mind, whether habitual or temporary (as formerly supposed
to depend on the character or combination of the fluids of the body);
disposition; temper; mood; as, good humor; ill humor.
Examine how your humor is inclined, And which the ruling passion of
your mind. Roscommon.
A prince of a pleasant humor. Bacon.
I like not the humor of lying. Shak.

4. pl.

Defn: Changing and uncertain states of mind; caprices; freaks;
vagaries; whims.
Is my friend all perfection, all virtue and discretion Has he not
humors to be endured South.

5. That quality of the imagination which gives to ideas an
incongruous or fantastic turn, and tends to excite laughter or mirth
by ludicrous images or representations; a playful fancy;
facetiousness.
For thy sake I admit That a Scot may have humor, I'd almost said wit.
Goldsmith.
A great deal of excellent humor was expended on the perplexities of
mine host. W. Irving.
Aqueous humor, Crystalline humor or lens, Vitreous humor. (Anat.) See
Eye.
 -- Out of humor, dissatisfied; displeased; in an unpleasant frame of
mind.

Syn.
 -- Wit; satire; pleasantry; temper; disposition; mood; frame; whim;
fancy; caprice. See Wit.

HUMOR
Hu"mor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humored; p. pr. & vb. n. Humoring.]

1. To comply with the humor of; to adjust matters so as suit the
peculiarities, caprices, or exigencies of; to adapt one's self to; to
indulge by skillful adaptation; as, to humor the mind.
It is my part to invent, and the musician's to humor that invention.
Dryden.

2. To help on by indulgence or compliant treatment; to soothe; to
gratify; to please.
You humor me when I am sick. Pope.

Syn.
 -- To gratify; to indulge. See Gratify.

HUMORAL
Hu"mor*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. humoral.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the humors; as, a humoral
fever. Humoral pathology (Med.), the pathology, or doctrine of the
nature of diseases, which attributes all morbid phenomena to the
disordered condition of the fluids or humors of the body.

HUMORALISM
Hu"mor*al*ism, n.

1. (Med.)

Defn: The state or quality of being humoral.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The doctrine that diseases proceed from the humors; humorism.
[Obs.]

HUMORALIST
Hu"mor*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who favors the humoral pathology or believes in humoralism.

HUMORISM
Hu"mor*ism, n.

1. (Med.)

Defn: The theory founded on the influence which the humors were
supposed to have in the production of disease; Galenism. Dunglison.

2. The manner or disposition of a humorist; humorousness. Coleridge.

HUMORIST
Hu"mor*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. humoriste.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: One who attributes diseases of the state of the humors.

2. One who has some peculiarity or eccentricity of character, which
he indulges in odd or whimsical ways.
He [Roger de Coverley] . . . was a great humorist in all parts of his
life. Addison.

3. One who displays humor in speaking or writing; one who has a
facetious fancy or genius; a wag; a droll.
The reputation of wits and humorists. Addison.

HUMORISTIC
Hu`mor*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a humorist.

HUMORIZE
Hu"mor*ize, v. t.

Defn: To humor. Marston.

HUMORLESS
Hu"mor*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of humor.

HUMOROUS
Hu"mor*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. L. humorosus, umorosus, moist. See Humor.]

1. Moist; humid; watery. [Obs.]
All founts wells, all deeps humorous. Chapman.

2. Subject to be governed by humor or caprice; irregular; capricious;
whimsical. Hawthorne.
Rough as a storm and humorous as the wind. Dryden.

3. Full of humor; jocular; exciting laughter; playful; as, a humorous
story or author; a humorous aspect.

Syn.
 -- Jocose; facetious; witty; pleasant; merry.

HUMOROUSLY
Hu"mor*ous*ly, adv.

1. Capriciously; whimsically.
We resolve rashly, sillily, or humorously. Calamy.

2. Facetiously; wittily.

HUMOROUSNESS
Hu"mor*ous*ness, n.

1. Moodiness; capriciousness.

2. Facetiousness; jocularity.

HUMORSOME
Hu"mor*some, a.

1. Moody; whimsical; capricious. Hawthorne.
The commons do not abet humorsome, factious arms. Burke.

2. Jocose; witty; humorous. Swift.

HUMORSOMELY
Hu"mor*some*ly, adv.

Defn: Pleasantly; humorously.

HUMORSOMENESS
Hu"mor*some*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being humorsome.

HUMP
Hump, n. Etym: [Cf. D. homp a lump, LG. hump heap, hill, stump,
possibly akin to E. heap. Cf. Hunch.]

1. A protuberance; especially, the protuberance formed by a crooked
back.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fleshy protuberance on the back of an animal, as a camel or
whale.

HUMPBACK
Hump"back`, n. Etym: [Cf. Hunchback.]

1. A crooked back; a humped back. Tatler.

2. A humpbacked person; a hunchback.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any whale of the genus Megaptera, characterized by a hump or
bunch on the back. Several species are known. The most common ones in
the North Atlantic are Megaptera longimana of Europe, and M. osphyia
of America; that of the California coasts is M. versabilis.
(b) A small salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), of the northwest coast
of America.

HUMPBACKED
Hump"backed`, a.

Defn: Having a humped back.

HUMPBACKED SALMON
Hump"backed` salm"on.

Defn: A small salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) which ascends the
rivers of the Pacific coast from California to Alaska, and also on
the Asiatic side. In the breeding season the male has a large dorsal
hump and distorted jaws.

HUMPED
Humped, a.

Defn: Having a hump, as the back.

HUMPH
Humph, interj. Etym: [Of imitative origin.]

Defn: An exclamation denoting surprise, or contempt, doubt, etc.

HUMPLESS
Hump"less, a.

Defn: Without a hump. Darwin.

HUMP-SHOULDERED
Hump"-shoul`dered, a.

Defn: Having high, hunched shoulders. Hawthorne.

HUMPY
Hump"y, a.

Defn: Full of humps or bunches; covered with protuberances; humped.

HUMSTRUM
Hum"strum`, n.

Defn: An instrument out of tune or rudely constructed; music badly
played.

HUMULIN
Hu"mu*lin, n. Etym: [NL. Humulus, the genus including the hop.]

Defn: An extract of hops.

HUMUS
Hu"mus, n. Etym: [L., the earth, ground, soil.]

Defn: That portion of the soil formed by the decomposition of animal
or vegetable matter. It is a valuable constituent of soils. Graham.

HUN
Hun, n. Etym: [L. Hunni, also Chunni, and Chuni; cf. AS. H, H, OHG.
H, G. Hunnen.]

Defn: One of a warlike nomadic people of Northern Asia who, in the
5th century, under Atilla, invaded and conquered a great part of
Europe.

HUNCH
Hunch, n. Etym: [Perh. akin to huckle; cf. hump, hunch, bunch, hunk.]

1. A hump; a protuberance.

2. A lump; a thick piece; as, a hunch of bread.

3. A push or thrust, as with the elbow.

HUNCH
Hunch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hunched; p. pr. & vb. n. Hunching.]

1. To push or jostle with the elbow; to push or thrust suddenly.

2. To thrust out a hump or protuberance; to crook, as the back.
Dryden.

HUNCHBACK
Hunch"back`, n. Etym: [Cf. Humpback.]

Defn: A back with a hunch or hump; also, a hunchbacked person.

HUNCHBACKED
Hunch"backed`, a.

Defn: Having a humped back.

HUNDRED
Hun"dred, n. Etym: [OE. hundred, AS. hundred a territorial division;
hund hundred + a word akin to Goth. ga-ra to count, L. ratio
reckoning, account; akin to OS. hunderod, hund, D. hondred, G.
hundert, OHG. also hunt, Icel. hundra, Dan. hundrede, Sw. hundra,
hundrade, Goth. hund, Lith. szimtas, Russ. sto, W. cant, Ir. cead, L.
centum, Gr. çata. sq. root309. Cf. Cent, Century, Hecatomb, Quintal,
and Reason.]

1. The product of ten mulitplied by ten, or the number of ten times
ten; a collection or sum, consisting of ten times ten units or
objects; five score. Also, a symbol representing one hundred units,
as 100 or C.
With many hundreds treading on his heels. Shak.

Note: The word hundred, as well as thousand, million, etc., often
takes a plural form. We may say hundreds, or many hundreds, meaning
individual objects or units, but with an ordinal numeral adjective in
constructions like five hundreds, or eight hundreds, it is usually
intended to consider each hundred as a separate aggregate; as, ten
hundreds are one thousand.

2. A division of a country in England, supposed to have originally
contained a hundred families, or freemen. Hundred court, a court held
for all the inhabitants of a hundred. [Eng.] Blackstone.

HUNDRED
Hun"dred, a.

Defn: Ten times ten; five score; as, a hundred dollars.

HUNDREDER
Hun"dred*er, n.

1. An inhabitant or freeholder of a hundred.

2. (Law)

Defn: A person competent to serve on a jury, in an action for land in
the hundred to which he belongs.

3. One who has the jurisdiction of a hundred; and sometimes, a
bailiff of a hundred. Blount. Cowell.

HUNDREDFOLD
Hun"dred*fold`, n.

Defn: A hundred times as much or as many.
He shall receive as hundredfold now in this time. Mark x. 30.

HUNDREDTH
Hun"dredth, a.

1. Coming last of a hundred successive individuals or units.

2. Forming one of a hundred equal parts into which anything is
divided; the tenth of a tenth.

HUNDREDTH
Hun"dredth, n.

Defn: One of a hundred equal parts into which one whole is, or may
be, divided; the quotient of a unit divided by a hundred.

HUNDREDWEIGHT
Hun"dred*weight`, n.

Defn: A denomination of weight, containing 100, 112, or 120 pounds
avoirdupois, according to differing laws or customs. By the legal
standard of England it is 112 pounds. In most of the United States,
both in practice and by law, it is 100 pounds avoirdupois, the
corresponding ton of 2,000 pounds, sometimes called the short ton,
beingthe legal ton.

HUNG
Hung, imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Hang. Hung beef, the fleshy part of beef slightly salted and
hung up to dry; dried beef.

HUNGARIAN
Hun*ga"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Hungary or to the people of Hungary.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or one of the people of Hungary. Hungarian grass. See
Italian millet, under Millet.

HUNGARY
Hun"ga*ry, n.

Defn: A country in Central Europe, now a part of the Austro-Hungarian
Empire. Hungary water, a distilled "water," made from dilute alcohol
aromatized with rosemary flowers, etc.

HUNGER
Hun"ger, n. Etym: [AS. hungor; akin to OFries. hunger, D. honger, OS.
& OHG. hungar, G. hunger, Icel. hungr, Sw. & Dan. hunger, Goth. h
hunger, huggrjan to hunger.]

1. An uneasy sensation occasioned normally by the want of food; a
craving or desire for food.

Note: The sensation of hunger is usually referred to the stomach, but
is probably dependent on excitation of the sensory nerves, both of
the stomach and intestines, and perhaps also on indirect impressions
from other organs, more or less exhausted from lack of nutriment.

2. Any strong eager desire.
O sacred hunger of ambitious minds! Spenser.
For hunger of my gold I die. Dryden.

HUNGER
Hun"ger, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hungered; p. pr. & vb. n. Hungering.]
Etym: [OE. hungren, AS. hyngrian. See Hunger, n.]

1. To feel the craving or uneasiness occasioned by want of food; to
be oppressed by hunger.

2. To have an eager desire; to long.
Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteouness. Matt.
v. 6.

HUNGER
Hun"ger, v. t.

Defn: To make hungry; to famish.

HUNGER-BIT; HUNGER-BITTEN
Hun"ger-bit`, Hun"ger-bit`ten, a.

Defn: Pinched or weakened by hunger. [Obs.] Milton.

HUNGERED
Hun"gered, a.

Defn: Hungry; pinched for food. [Obs.] Milton.

HUNGERER
Hun"ger*er, n.

Defn: One who hungers; one who longs. Lamb.

HUNGERLY
Hun"ger*ly, a.

Defn: Wanting food; starved. [Obs.] Shak.

HUNGERLY
Hun"ger*ly, adv.

Defn: With keen appetite. [Obs.] Shak.

HUNGER-STARVE
Hun"ger-starve`, v. t.

Defn: To starve with hunger; to famish. [Obs.] Shak.

HUNGRED
Hun"gred, a.

Defn: Hungered; hungry. [Archaic]

HUNGRILY
Hun"gri*ly, adv. Etym: [From Hunger.]

Defn: In a hungry manner; voraciously. Dryden.

HUNGRY
Hun"gry, a. [Compar. Hungrier; superl. Hungriest.] Etym: [AS.
hungrid. See Hunger.]

1. Feeling hunger; having a keen appetite; feeling uneasiness or
distress from want of food; hence, having an eager desire.

2. Showing hunger or a craving desire; voracious.
The cruel, hungry foam. C. Kingsley.
Cassius has a lean and hungry look. Shak.

3. Not rich or fertile; poor; barren; starved; as, a hungry soil.
"The hungry beach." Shak.

HUNK
Hunk, n. Etym: [Cf. Hunch.]

Defn: A large lump or piece; a hunch; as, a hunk of bread. [Colloq.]

HUNKER
Hun"ker, n.

Defn: Originally, a nickname for a member of the conservative section
of the Democratic party in New York; hence, one opposed to progress
in general; a fogy. [Political Cant, U.S.]

HUNKERISM
Hun"ker*ism, n.

Defn: Excessive conservatism; hostility to progress. [Political Cant,
U.S.]

HUNKERS
Hun"kers, n. pl. [See Hunker.]

Defn: In the phrase on one's hunkers, in a squatting or crouching
position. [Scot. & Local, U. S.]

Sit on your hunkers -- and pray for the bridge.
Kipling.

HUNKS
Hunks, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A covetous, sordid man; a miser; a niggard.
Pray make your bargain with all the prudence and selfishness of an
old hunks. Gray.

HUNKY
Hunk"y, a. [Perh. fr. Hunk.]

Defn: All right; in a good condition; also, even; square. [Slang, U.
S.]

He . . . began to shoot; began to get "hunky" with all those people
who had been plugging at him.
Stephen Crane.

HUNT
Hunt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hunting.] Etym:
[AS. huntian to hunt; cf. hentan to follow, pursue, Goth. hin (in
comp.) to seize. sq. root36. Cf. Hent.]

1. To search for or follow after, as game or wild animals; to chase;
to pursue for the purpose of catching or killing; to follow with dogs
or guns for sport or exercise; as, to hunt a deer.
Like a dog, he hunts in dreams. Tennyson.

2. To search diligently after; to seek; to pursue; to follow; --
often with out or up; as, to hunt up the facts; to hunt out evidence.
Evil shall hunt the violent man to overthrow him. Ps. cxl. 11.

3. To drive; to chase; -- with down, from, away, etc.; as, to hunt
down a criminal; he was hunted from the parish.

4. To use or manage in the chase, as hounds.
He hunts a pack of dogs. Addison.

5. To use or traverse in pursuit of game; as, he hunts the woods, or
the country.

HUNT
Hunt, v. i.

1. To follow the chase; to go out in pursuit of game; to course with
hounds.
Esau went to the field to hunt for venison. Gen. xxvii. 5.

2. To seek; to pursue; to search; -- with for or after.
He after honor hunts, I after love. Shak.
To hunt counter, to trace the scent backward in hunting, as a hound
to go back on one's steps. [Obs.] Shak.

HUNT
Hunt, n.

1. The act or practice of chasing wild animals; chase; pursuit;
search.
The hunt is up; the morn is bright and gray. Shak.

2. The game secured in the hunt. [Obs.] Shak.

3. A pack of hounds. [Obs.]

4. An association of huntsmen.

5. A district of country hunted over.
Every landowner within the hunt. London Field.

HUNT-COUNTER
Hunt"-count`er, n.

Defn: A worthless dog that runs back on the scent; a blunderer.
[Obs.] Shak.

HUNTE
Hunt"e, n. Etym: [AS. hunta.]

Defn: A hunter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HUNTER
Hunt"er, n.

1. One who hunts wild animals either for sport or for food; a
huntsman.

2. A dog that scents game, or is trained to the chase; a hunting dog.
Shak.

3. A horse used in the chase; especially, a thoroughbred, bred and
trained for hunting.

4. One who hunts or seeks after anything, as if for game; as, a
fortune hunter a place hunter.
No keener hunter after glory breathes. Tennyson.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of spider. See Hunting spider, under Hunting.

6. A hunting watch, or one of which the crystal is protected by a
metallic cover. Hunter's room, the lunation after the harvest moon.
 -- Hunter's screw (Mech.), a differential screw, so named from the
inventor. See under Differential.

HUNTERIAN
Hun*te"ri*an, a.

Defn: Discovered or described by John Hunter, an English surgeon; as,
the Hunterian chancre. See Chancre.

HUNTING
Hunt"ing, n.

Defn: The pursuit of game or of wild animals. A. Smith. Happy hunting
grounds, the region to which, according to the belief of American
Indians, the souls of warriors and hunters pass after death, to be
happy in hunting and feasting. Tylor.
 -- Hunting box. Same As Hunting lodge (below).
 -- Hunting cat (Zoöl.), the cheetah.
 -- Hunting cog (Mach.), a tooth in the larger of two geared wheels
which makes its number of teeth prime to the number in the smaller
wheel, thus preventing the frequent meeting of the same pairs of
teeth.
 -- Hunting dog (Zoöl.), the hyena dog.
 -- Hunting ground, a region or district abounding in game; esp.
(pl.), the regions roamed over by the North American Indians in
search of game.
 -- Hunting horn, a bulge; a horn used in the chase. See Horn, and
Bulge.
 -- Hunting leopard (Zoöl.), the cheetah.
 -- Hunting lodge, a temporary residence for the purpose of hunting.
 -- Hunting seat, a hunting lodge. Gray.
 -- Hunting shirt, a coarse shirt for hunting, often of leather.
 -- Hunting spider (Zoöl.), a spider which hunts its prey, instead of
catching it in a web; a wolf spider.
 -- Hunting watch. See Hunter, 6.

HUNTRESS
Hunt"ress, n.

Defn: A woman who hunts or follows the chase; as, the huntress Diana.
Shak.

HUNTSMAN
Hunts"man, n.; pl. Huntsmen (.

1. One who hunts, or who practices hunting.

2. The person whose office it is to manage the chase or to look after
the hounds. L'Estrange. Huntsman's cup (Bot.), the sidesaddle flower,
or common American pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea).

HUNTSMANSHIP
Hunts"man*ship, n.

Defn: The art or practice of hunting, or the qualification of a
hunter. Donne.

HUNT'S-UP
Hunt's"-up`, n.

Defn: A tune played on the horn very early in the morning to call out
the hunters; hence, any arousing sound or call. [Obs.] Shak.
Time plays the hunt's-up to thy sleepy head. Drayton.

HURDEN
Hur"den, n. Etym: [From Hurds.]

Defn: A coarse kind of linen; -- called also harden. [Prov. Eng.]

HURDLE
Hur"dle, n. Etym: [OE. hurdel, hirdel, AS. hyrdel; akin to D. horde,
OHG. hurt, G. hürde a hurdle, fold, pen, Icel. hur door, Goth.
haúrds, L. cratis wickerwork, hurdle, Gr. k to spin, c to bind,
connect. sq. root16. Cf. Crate, Grate, n.]

1. A movable frame of wattled twigs, osiers, or withes and stakes, or
sometimes of iron, used for inclosing land, for folding sheep and
cattle, for gates, etc.; also, in fortification, used as revetments,
and for other purposes.

2. In England, a sled or crate on which criminals were formerly drawn
to the place of execution. Bacon.

3. An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which men or
horses leap in a race. Hurdle race, a race in which artificial
barriers in the form of hurdles, fences, etc., must be leaped.

HURDLE
Hur"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurdleed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hurdleing.]

Defn: To hedge, cover, make, or inclose with hurdles. Milton.

HURDLEWORK
Hur"dle*work`, n.

Defn: Work after manner of a hurdle.

HURDS
Hurds, n. Etym: [See Hards.]

Defn: The coarse part of flax or hemp; hards.

HURDY-GURDY
Hur"dy-gur`dy, n. Etym: [Prob. of imitative origin.]

1. A stringled instrument, lutelike in shape, in which the sound is
produced by the friction of a wheel turned by a crank at the end,
instead of by a bow, two of the strings being tuned as drones, while
two or more, tuned in unison, are modulated by keys.

2. In California, a water wheel with radial buckets, driven by the
impact of a jet.

HURKARU
Hur*ka"ru, n. Etym: [Hind. harkara]

Defn: In India, a running footman; a messenger. [Written also
hurkaroo.]

HURL
Hurl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurled; p. pr. & vb. n. Hurling.] Etym:
[OE. hurlen, hourlen; prob. contracted fr. OE. hurtlen to hurtle, or
probably akin to E. whirl. sq. root16. See Hurtle.]

1. To send whirling or whizzing through the air; to throw with
violence; to drive with great force; as, to hurl a stone or lance.
And hurl'd them headlong to their fleet and main. Pope.

2. To emit or utter with vehemence or impetuosity; as, to hurl
charges or invective. Spenser.

3. Etym: [Cf. Whirl.]

Defn: To twist or turn. "Hurled or crooked feet." [Obs.] Fuller.

HURL
Hurl, v. i.

1. To hurl one's self; to go quickly. [R.]

2. To perform the act of hurling something; to throw something (at
another).
God shall hurl at him and not spare. Job xxvii. 22 (Rev. Ver. ).

3. To play the game of hurling. See Hurling.

HURL
Hurl, n.

1. The act of hurling or throwing with violence; a cast; a fling.
Congreve.

2. Tumult; riot; hurly-burly. [Obs.] Knolles.

3. (Hat Manuf.)

Defn: A table on which fiber is stirred and mixed by beating with a
bowspring.

HURLBAT
Hurl"bat`, n.

Defn: See Whirlbat. [Obs.] Holland.

HURLBONE
Hurl"bone`, n.

1. See Whirlbone.

2. (Far.)

Defn: A bone near the middle of the buttock of a horse. Crabb.

HURLER
Hurl"er, n.

Defn: One who hurls, or plays at hurling.

HURLING
Hurl"ing, n.

1. The act of throwing with force.

2. A kind of game at ball, formerly played.
Hurling taketh its denomination from throwing the ball. Carew.

HURLWIND
Hurl"wind`, n.

Defn: A whirlwind. [Obs.] Sandys.

HURLY
Hur"ly, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hurler to howl.]

Defn: Noise; confusion; uproar.
That, with the hurly, death itself awakes. Shak.

HURLY-BURLY
Hur"ly-bur`ly, n. Etym: [Reduplicated fr. OE. hurly confusion: cf. F.
hurler to howl, yell, L. ululare; or cf. E. hurry.]

Defn: Tumult; bustle; confusion. Shak.
All places were filled with tumult and hurly-burly. Knolles.

HURONIAN
Hu*ro"ni*an, a. Etym: [Named from Lake Huron.] (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to certain non-fossiliferous rocks on the
borders of Lake Huron, which are supposed to correspond in time to
the latter part of the Archæan age.

HURON-IROQUOUS
Hu"ron-Ir`o*quous", n. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A linguistic group of warlike North American Indians, belonging
to the same stock as the Algonquins, and including several tribes,
among which were the Five Nations. They formerly occupied the region
about Lakes Erie and Ontario, and the larger part of New York.

HURONS
Hu"rons, n. pl.

Defn: ; sing. Huron. (Ethnol.) A powerful and warlike tribe of North
American Indians of the Algonquin stock. They formerly occupied the
country between Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario, but were nearly
exterminated by the Five Nations about 1650.

HURR
Hurr, v. i. Etym: [See Hurry.]

Defn: To make a rolling or burring sound. [Obs.]
R is the dog's letter, and hurreth in the sound. B. Jonson.

HURRAH; HURRA
Hur*rah" Hur*ra", interj. Etym: [Cf. G., Dan., & Sw. hurra. Cf.
Huzza.]

Defn: A word used as a shout of joy, triumph, applause,
encouragement, or welcome.
Hurrah! hurrah! for Ivry and Henry of Navarre. Macaulay.

HURRAH
Hur*rah", n.

Defn: A cheer; a shout of joy, etc. Hurrah's nest, state of utmost
confusion. [Colloq. U.S.]
A perfect hurrah's nest in our kitchen. Mrs. Stowe.

HURRAH
Hur*rah", v. i.

Defn: To utter hurrahs; to huzza.

HURRAH
Hur*rah", v. t.

Defn: To salute, or applaud, with hurrahs.

HURRICANE
Hur"ri*cane, n. Etym: [Sp. hurracan; orig. a Carib word signifying, a
high wind.]

Defn: A violent storm, characterized by extreme fury and sudden
changes of the wind, and generally accompanied by rain, thunder, and
lightning; -- especially prevalent in the East and West Indies. Also
used figuratively.
Like the smoke in a hurricane whirl'd. Tennyson.
Each guilty thought to me is A dreadful hurricane. Massinger.
Hurricane bird (Zoöl.), the frigate bird.
 -- Hurricane deck. (Naut.) See under Deck.

HURRICANO
Hur`ri*ca"no, n.; pl. Hurricanoes.

Defn: A waterspout; a hurricane. [Obs.] Drayton. "You cataracts and
hurricanoes, spout." Shak.

HURRIED
Hur"ried, a.

1. Urged on; hastened; going or working at speed; as, a hurried
writer; a hurried life.

2. Done in a hurry; hence, imperfect; careless; as, a hurried job. "A
hurried meeting." Milton.
 -- Hur"ried*ly, adv.
 -- Hur"ried*ness, n.

HURRIER
Hur"ri*er, n.

Defn: One who hurries or urges.

HURRIES
Hur"ries, n.

Defn: A staith or framework from which coal is discharged from cars
into vessels.

HURRY
Hur"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurried; p. pr. & vb. n. Hurrying.] Etym:
[OE. horien; cf. OSw. hurra to whirl round, dial. Sw. hurr great
haste, Dan. hurre to buzz, Icel. hurr hurly-burly, MHG. hurren to
hurry, and E. hurr, whir to hurry; all prob. of imitative origin.]

1. To hasten; to impel to greater speed; to urge on.
Impetuous lust hurries him on. South.
They hurried him abroad a bark. Shak.

2. To impel to precipitate or thoughtless action; to urge to confused
or irregular activity.
And wild amazement hurries up and down The little number of your
doubtful friends. Shak.

3. To cause to be done quickly.

Syn.
 -- To hasten; precipitate; expedite; quicken; accelerate; urge.

HURRY
Hur"ry, v. i.

Defn: To move or act with haste; to proceed with celerity or
precipitation; as, let us hurry. To hurry up, to make haste.
[Colloq.]

HURRY
Hur"ry, n.

Defn: The act of hurrying in motion or business; pressure; urgency;
bustle; confusion.
Ambition raises a tumult in the soul, it inflames the mind, and puts
into a violent hurry of thought. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Haste; speed; dispatch. See Haste.

HURRYINGLY
Hur"ry*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a hurrying manner.

HURRY-SKURRY
Hur"ry-skur`ry, adv. Etym: [An imitative word; cf. Sw. skorra to
rattle, snarl, E. scurry.]

Defn: Confusedly; in a bustle. [Obs.] Gray.

HURST
Hurst, n. Etym: [OE. hurst, AS. hyrst; akin to OHG. hurst, horst,
wood, thicket, G. horst the nest of a bird of prey, an eyerie,
thicket.]

Defn: A wood or grove; -- a word used in the composition of many
names, as in Hazlehurst.

HURT
Hurt, n. (Mach.)
(a) A band on a trip-hammer helve, bearing the trunnions.
(b) A husk. See Husk, 2.

HURT
Hurt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurt; p. pr. & vb. n. Hurting.] Etym: [OE.
hurten, hirten, horten, herten; prob. fr. OF. hurter, heurter, to
knock, thrust, strike, F. heurter; cf. W. hyrddu to push, drive,
assault, hwrdd a stroke, blow, push; also, a ram, the orig. sense of
the verb thus perhaps being, to butt as a ram; cf. D. horten to push,
strike, MHG. hurten, both prob. fr. Old French.]

1. To cause physical pain to; to do bodily harm to; to wound or
bruise painfully.
The hurt lion groans within his den. Dryden.

2. To impar the value, usefulness, beauty, or pleasure of; to damage;
to injure; to harm.
Virtue may be assailed, but never hurt. Milton.

3. To wound the feelings of; to cause mental pain to; to offend in
honor or self-respect; to annoy; to grieve. "I am angry and hurt."
Thackeray.

HURTER
Hurt"er, n.

1. A bodily injury causing pain; a wound, bruise, or the like.
The pains of sickness and hurts . . . all men feel. Locke.

2. An injury causing pain of mind or conscience; a slight; a stain;
as of sin.
But the jingling of the guinea helps the hurt that Honor feels.
Tennyson.

3. Injury; damage; detriment; harm; mischief.
Thou dost me yet but little hurt. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Wound; bruise; injury; harm; damage; loss; detriment; mischief;
bane; disadvantage.

HURTER
Hurt"er, n.

Defn: One who hurts or does harm.
I shall not be a hurter, if no helper. Beau. & Fl.

HURTER
Hurt"er, n. Etym: [F. heurtoir, lit., a striker. See Hurt, v. t.]

Defn: A butting piece; a strengthening piece, esp.: (Mil.) A piece of
wood at the lower end of a platform, designed to prevent the wheels
of gun carriages from injuring the parapet.

HURTFUL
Hurt"ful, a.

Defn: Tending to impair or damage; injurious; mischievous;
occasioning loss or injury; as, hurtful words or conduct.

Syn.
 -- Pernicious; harmful; baneful; prejudicial; detrimental;
disadvantageous; mischievous; injurious; noxious; unwholesome;
destructive.
 -- Hurt"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Hurt"ful*ness, n.

HURTLE
Hur"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hurtled; p. pr. & vb. n. Hurtling.]
Etym: [OE. hurtlen, freq. of hurten. See Hurt, v. t., and cf. Hurl.]

1. To meet with violence or shock; to clash; to jostle.
Together hurtled both their steeds. Fairfax.

2. To move rapidly; to wheel or rush suddenly or with violence; to
whirl round rapidly; to skirmish.
Now hurtling round, advantage for to take. Spenser.
Down the hurtling cataract of the ages. R. L. Stevenson.

3. To make a threatening sound, like the clash of arms; to make a
sound as of confused clashing or confusion; to resound.
The noise of battle hurtled in the air. Shak.
The earthquake sound Hurtling 'death the solid ground. Mrs. Browning.

HURTLE
Hur"tle, v. t.

1. To move with violence or impetuosity; to whirl; to brandish.
[Obs.]
His harmful club he gan to hurtle high. Spenser.

2. To push; to jostle; to hurl.
And he hurtleth with his horse adown. Chaucer.

HURTLEBERRY
Hur"tle*ber`ry, n. Etym: [Cf. Huckleberry, Whortleberry.]

Defn: See Whortleberry.

HURTLESS
Hurt"less, a.

Defn: Doing no injury; harmless; also, unhurt; without injury or
harm.
Gentle dame so hurtless and so true. Spenser.
-- Hurt"less*ly, adv.
 -- Hurt"less*ness, n.

HUSBAND
Hus"band, n. Etym: [OE. hosebonde, husbonde, a husband, the master of
the house or family, AS. h master of the house; h house + bunda,
bonda, householder, husband; prob. fr. Icel. h house master, husband;
h house + b dwelling, inhabiting, p.pr. of b to dwell; akin to AS. b,
Goth. bauan. See House Be, and cf. Bond a slave, Boor.]

1. The male head of a household; one who orders the economy of a
family. [Obs.]

2. A cultivator; a tiller; a husbandman. [Obs.] Shak.
The painful husband, plowing up his ground. Hakewill.
He is the neatest husband for curious ordering his domestic and field
accommodations. Evelyn.

3. One who manages or directs with prudence and economy; a frugal
person; an economist. [R.]
God knows how little time is left me, and may I be a good husband, to
improve the short remnant left me. Fuller.

4. A married man; a man who has a wife; -- the correlative to wife.
The husband and wife are one person in law. Blackstone.

5. The male of a pair of animals. [R.] Dryden. A ship's husband
(Naut.), an agent representing the owners of a ship, who manages its
expenses and receipts.

HUSBAND
Hus"band, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Husbanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Husbanding.]

1. To direct and manage with frugality; to use or employ to good
purpose and the best advantage; to spend, apply, or use, with
economy.
For my means, I'll husband them so well, They shall go far. Shak.

2. To cultivate, as land; to till. [R.]
Land so trim and rarely husbanded. Evelyn.

3. To furnish with a husband. [R.] Shak.

HUSBANDABLE
Hus"band*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being husbanded, or managed with economy. Sherwood.

HUSBANDAGE
Hus"band*age, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The commission or compensation allowed to a ship's husband.

HUSBANDLESS
Hus"band*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a husband. Shak.

HUSBANDLY
Hus"band*ly, a.

Defn: Frugal; thrifty. [R.] Tusser.

HUSBANDMAN
Hus"band*man, n.; pl. Husbandmen (.

1. The master of a family. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A farmer; a cultivator or tiller of the ground.

HUSBANDRY
Hus"band*ry, n.

1. Care of domestic affairs; economy; domestic management; thrift.
There's husbandry in heaven; Their candles are all out. Shak.

2. The business of a husbandman, comprehending the various branches
of agriculture; farming.
Husbandry supplieth all things necessary for food. Spenser.

HUSH
Hush, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hushed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hushing.] Etym:
[OE. huschen, hussen, prob. of imitative origin; cf. LG. hussen to
lull to sleep, G. husch quick, make haste, be silent.]

1. To still; to silence; to calm; to make quiet; to repress the noise
or clamor of.
My tongue shall hush again this storm of war. Shak.

2. To appease; to allay; to calm; to soothe.
With thou, then, Hush my cares Otway.
And hush'd my deepest grief of all. Tennyson.
To hush up, to procure silence concerning; to suppress; to keep
secret. "This matter is hushed up." Pope.

HUSH
Hush, v. i.

Defn: To become or to keep still or quiet; to become silent; -- esp.
used in the imperative, as an exclamation; be still; be silent or
quiet; make no noise.
Hush, idle words, and thoughts of ill. Keble.
But all these strangers' presence every one did hush. Spenser.

HUSH
Hush, n.

Defn: Stillness; silence; quiet. [R.] "It is the hush of night."
Byron. Hush money, money paid to secure silence, or to prevent the
disclosure of facts. Swift.

HUSH
Hush, a.

Defn: Silent; quiet. "Hush as death." Shak.

HUSHER
Hush"er, n.

Defn: An usher. [Obs.] Spenser.

HUSHING
Hush"ing, n. (Mining)

Defn: The process of washing ore, or of uncovering mineral veins, by
a heavy discharge of water from a reservoir; flushing; -- also called
booming.

HUSK
Husk, n. Etym: [Prob. for hulsk, and from the same root as hull a
husk. See Hull a husk.]

1. The external covering or envelope of certain fruits or seeds;
glume; hull; rind; in the United States, especially applied to the
covering of the ears of maize.

2. The supporting frame of a run of millstones. Husks of the prodigal
son (Bot.), the pods of the carob tree. See Carob.

HUSK
Husk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Husked; p. pr. & vb. n. Husking.]

Defn: To strip off the external covering or envelope of; as, to husk
Indian corn.

HUSKED
Husked, a.

1. Covered with a husk.

2. Stripped of husks; deprived of husks.

HUSKILY
Hus"ki*ly, adv. Etym: [From Husky.]

Defn: In a husky manner; dryly.

HUSKINESS
Hus"ki*ness, n.

1. The state of being husky.

2. Roughness of sound; harshness; hoarseness; as, huskiness of voice.
G. Eliot.

HUSKING
Husk"ing, n.

1. The act or process of stripping off husks, as from Indian corn.

2. A meeting of neighbors or friends to assist in husking maize; --
called also husking bee. [U.S.] "A red ear in the husking."
Longfellow.

HUSKY
Husk"y, a. Etym: [From Husk, n.]

Defn: Abounding with husks; consisting of husks. Dryden.

HUSKY
Hus"ky, a. Etym: [Prob. for husty; cf. OE. host cough, AS. hwosta;
akin to D. hoest, G. husten, OHG. huosto, Icel. hosti. See Wheeze.]

Defn: Rough in tone; harsh; hoarse; raucous; as, a husky voice.

HUSO
Hu"so, n. Etym: [NL., fr. G. hausen, and E. isin (Zoöl.)
(a) A large European sturgeon (Acipenser huso), inhabiting the region
of the Black and Caspian Seas. It sometimes attains a length of more
than twelve feet, and a weight of two thousand pounds. Called also
hausen.
(b) The huchen, a large salmon.

HUSSAR
Hus*sar", n. Etym: [Hung. huszár, from husz twenty, because under
King Matthais I., in the fifteenth century, every twenty houses were
to furnish one horse soldier; cf. G. husar, F. houssard, hussard,
from the same source.] (Mil.)

Defn: Originally, one of the national cavalry of Hungary and Croatia;
now, one of the light cavalry of European armies.

HUSSITE
Huss"ite, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of John Huss, the Bohemian reformer, who was
adjudged a heretic and burnt alive in 1415.

HUSSY
Hus"sy, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. huswife.]

1. A housewife or housekeeper. [Obs.]

2. A worthless woman or girl; a forward wench; a jade; -- used as a
term of contempt or reproach. Grew.

3. A pert girl; a frolicsome or sportive young woman; -- used
jocosely. Goldsmith.

HUSSY
Hus"sy, n. Etym: [From Icel. h a case, prob. fr. h house. See House,
and cf. Housewife a bag, Huswife a bag.]

Defn: A case or bag. See Housewife, 2.

HUSTINGS
Hus"tings, n. pl. Etym: [OE. husting an assembly, coucil, AS. h; of
Scand. origin; cf. Icel. h; h home + thing, assembly, meeting; akin
to Dan. & Sw. ting, E. thing. See House, and Thing.]

1. A court formerly held in several cities of England; specif., a
court held in London, before the lord mayor, recorder, and sheriffs,
to determine certain classes of suits for the recovery of lands
within the city. In the progress of law reform this court has become
unimportant. Mozley & W.

2. Any one of the temporary courts held for the election of members
of the British Parliament.

3. The platform on which candidates for Parliament formerly stood in
addressing the electors. [Eng.]
When the rotten hustings shake In another month to his brazen lies.
Tennyson.

HUSTLE
Hus"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hustled; p. pr. & vb. n. Hustling.]
Etym: [D. hustelen to shake, fr. husten to shake. Cf. Hotchpotch.]

Defn: To shake together in confusion; to push, jostle, or crowd
rudely; to handle roughly; as, to hustle a person out of a room.
Macaulay.

HUSTLE
Hus"tle, v. i.

Defn: To push or crows; to force one's way; to move hustily and with
confusion; a hurry.
Leaving the king, who had hustled along the floor with his dress
worfully arrayed. Sir W. Scott.

HUSWIFE
Hus"wife, n. Etym: [OE. huswif; hus house + wif wife. Cf. Hussy a
housewife, Housewife.] [Written also housewife.]

1. A female housekeeper; a woman who manages domestic affairs; a
thirfty woman. "The bounteous huswife Nature." Shak.
The huswife is she that do labor doth fall. Tusser.

2. A worthless woman; a hussy. [Obs.] Shak.

3. Etym: [See Hussy a bag.]

Defn: A case for sewing materials. See Housewife. Cowper.

HUSWIFE
Hus"wife, v. t.

Defn: To manage with frugality; -- said of a woman. Dryden.

HUSWIFELY
Hus"wife*ly, a.

Defn: Like a huswife; capable; economical; prudent.
 -- adv.

Defn: In a huswifely manner.

HUSWIFERY
Hus"wife*ry, n.

Defn: The business of a housewife; female domestic economy and skill.
Tusser.

HUT
Hut, n. Etym: [OE. hotte; akin to D. hut, G. hütte, OHG. hutta, Dan.
hytte, Sw. hydda; and F. hutte, of G. origin; all akin to E. hide to
conceal. See Hude to conceal.]

Defn: A small house, hivel, or cabin; a mean lodge or dwelling; a
slightly built or temporary structure.
Death comes on with equal footsteps To the hall and hut. Bp. Coxe.

HUTCH
Hutch, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Hutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hutting.]

Defn: To place in huts; to live in huts; as, to hut troops in winter
quarters.
The troops hutted among the heights of Morristown. W. Irving.

HUTCH
Hutch, n. Etym: [OE. hucche, huche, hoche, F. huche, LL. hutica.]

1. A chest, box, coffer, bin, coop, or the like, in which things may
be stored, or animals kept; as, a grain hutch; a rabbit hutch.

2. A measure of two Winchester bushels.

3. (Mining)

Defn: The case of a flour bolt.

4. (Mining)
(a) A car on low wheels, in which coal is drawn in the mine and
hoisted out of the pit.
(b) A jig for washing ore. Bolting hutch, Booby hutch, etc. See under
Bolting, etc.

HUTCH
Hutch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hutched; p. pr. & vb. n. Hutching.]

1. To hoard or lay up, in a chest. [R.] "She hutched the . . . ore."
Milton.

2. (Mining)

Defn: To wash (ore) in a box or jig.

HUTCHUNSONIAN
Hutch`un*so"ni*an, n.

Defn: A follower of John Hutchinson of Yorkshire, England, who
believed that the Hebrew Scriptures contained a complete system of
natural science and of theology.

HUTTONIAN
Hut*to"ni*an, a.

Defn: Relating to what is now called the Plutonic theory of the
earth, first advanced by Dr. James Hutton. Lyell.

HUTTONING
Hut"ton*ing, n. [So named after two English bonesetters, Richard and
Robert Hutton, who made it a part of their method.] (Med.)

Defn: Forcible manipulation of a dislocated, stiff, or painful joint.

HUXTER
Hux"ter, n. & v. i.

Defn: See Huckster.

HUYGHENIAN
Huy*ghe"ni*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or invented by, Christian Huyghens, a Dutch
astronomer of the seventeenth century; as, the Huyghenian telescope.
Huyghenian eyepieceSee under Eyepiece.

HUZZ
Huzz, v. i. Etym: [An onomatopoea. sq. root43. Cf. Buzz.]

Defn: To buzz; to murmur. [Obs.]
Huzzing and burring in the preacher's ear. Latimer.

HUZZA
Huz*za", interj. Etym: [Cf. G. hussa, husa, interj., hurrah, huzza.
sq. root43. Cf. Hurrah.]

Defn: A word used as a shout of joy, exultation, approbation, or
encouragement.

HUZZA
Huz"za, n.

Defn: A shout of huzza; a cheer; a hurrah.
They made a great huzza or shout. Evelyn.

HUZZA
Huz*za", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Huzzaed; p. pr. & vb. n. Huzzaing.]

Defn: To shout huzza; to cheer.

HUZZA
Huz*za", v. t.

Defn: To receive or attend with huzzas.
He was huzzaed into the court. Addison.

HY
Hy, a.

Defn: High. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HYACINE
Hy"a*cine, n.

Defn: A hyacinth. [Obs.] Spenser.

HYACINTH
Hy"a*cinth, n. Etym: [L. hyacinthus a kind of flower, prob. the iris,
gladiolus, or larkspur, also a kind of gem, perh. the sapphire; as, a
proper name, Hyacinthus, a beautiful Laconian youth, beloved by
Apollo, fr. Gr. hyacinthe. Cf. Jacinth. The hyacinth was fabled to
have sprung from the blood of Hyacinthus, who was accidentally slain
by Apollo.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) A bulbous plant of the genus Hyacinthus, bearing beautiful spikes
of fragrant flowers. H. orientalis is a common variety.
(b) A plant of the genus Camassia (C. Farseri), called also Eastern
camass; wild hyacinth.
(c) The name also given to Scilla Peruviana, a Mediterranean plant,
one variety of which produces white, and another blue, flowers; --
called also, from a mistake as to its origin, Hyacinth of Peru.

2. (Min.)

Defn: A red variety of zircon, sometimes used as a gem. See Zircon.
Hyacinth bean (Bot.), a climbing leguminous plant (Dolichos Lablab),
related to the true bean. It has dark purple flowers and fruit.

HYACINTHIAN
Hy`a*cin"thi*an, a.

Defn: Hyacinthine. [R.]

HYACINTHINE
Hy`a*cin"thine, a. Etym: [L. hyacinthinus, Gr.

Defn: Belonging to the hyacinth; resemblingthe hyacinth; in color
like the hyacinth. Milton.
His curling locks like hyacinthine flowers. Cowper.
The hyacinthine boy, for whom Morn well might break and April bloom.
Emerson.

HYADES; HYADS
Hy"a*des, Hy"ads, n.pl. Etym: [L. Hyades, Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: A cluster of five stars in the face of the constellation
Taurus, supposed by the ancients to indicate the coming of rainy
weather when they rose with the sun.
Thro' scudding drifts the rainy Hyaned Vext the dim sea. Tennyson.

HYAENA
Hy*æ"na, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Hyena.

HYALEA
Hy*a"le*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A pteroid of the genus Cavolina. See Pteropoda, and
Illustration in Appendix.

HYALESCENCE
Hy`a*les"cence, n. Etym: [See Hyaline.]

Defn: The process of becoming, or the state of being, transparent
like glass.

HYALINE
Hy"a*line, a. Etym: [L. hyalinus, Gr. hyalin.]

Defn: Glassy; resembling glass; consisting of glass; transparent,
like crystal. "Hyaline spaces." Carpenter.

HYALINE
Hy"a*line, n.

1. A poetic term for the sea or the atmosphere. "The clear hyaline,
the glassy sea." Milton.
Our blood runs amazed 'neath the calm hyaline. Mrs. Browning.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The pellucid substance, present in cells in process of
development, from which, according to some embryologists, the cell
nucleous originates.

3. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The main constituent of the walls of hydatid cysts; a
nitrogenous body, which, by decomposition, yields a dextrogyrate
sugar, susceptible of alcoholic fermentation. Gamgee.

HYALITE
Hy"a*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. hyalite.] (Min.)

Defn: A pellucid variety of opal in globules looking like colorless
gum or resin; -- called also Müller's glass.

HYALOGRAPH
Hy*al"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. graph.]

Defn: An instrument for tracing designs on glass.

HYALOGRAPHY
Hy`a*log"ra*phy, n.

Defn: Art of writing or engraving on glass.

HYALOID
Hy"a*loid, a. Etym: [Gr. hyaloïde.] (Anat.)

Defn: Resembling glass; vitriform; transparent; hyaline; as, the
hyaloid membrane, a very delicate membrane inclosing the vitreous
humor of the eye.

HYALONEMA
Hy`a*lo*ne"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of hexactinelline sponges, having a long stem composed
of very long, slender, transparent, siliceous fibres twisted together
like the strands of a color. The stem of the Japanese species (H.
Sieboldii), called glass-rope, has long been in use as an ornament.
See Glass-rope.

HYALOPHANE
Hy*al"o*phane, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A species of the feldspar group containing barium. See
Feldspar.

HYALOSPONGIA
Hy`a*lo*spon"gi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of vitreous sponges, having glassy six-rayed,
siliceous spicules; -- called also Hexactinellinæ.

HYALOTYPE
Hy*al"o*type, n. Etym: [Gr. -type.]

Defn: A photographic picture copied from the negative on glass; a
photographic transparency. R. Hunt.

HYBERNACLE; HYBERNATE; HYBERNATION
Hy*ber"na*cle, Hy"ber*nate, Hy`ber*na"tion.

Defn: See Hibernacle, Hibernate, Hibernation.

HYBLAEAN
Hy*blæ"an, a. Etym: [L. Hyblaeus.]

Defn: Pertaining to Hybla, an ancient town of Sicily, famous for its
bees.

HYBODONT
Hyb"o*dont, a. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an extinct genus of sharks
(Hybodus), especially in the form of the teeth, which consist of a
principal median cone with smaller lateral ones.

HYBODUS
Hyb"o*dus, n. Etym: [NL. See Hybodont.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of sharks having conical, compressed teeth.

HYBRID
Hy"brid, n. Etym: [L. hybrida, hibrida, prob. allied to Gr. over: cf.
F. hybride.] (Biol.)

Defn: The offspring of the union of two distinct species; an animal
or plant produced from the mixture of two species. See Mongrel.

HYBRID
Hy"brid, a.

Defn: Produced from the mixture of two species; as, plants of hybrid
nature.

HYBRIDISM
Hy"brid*ism, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being hybrid.

HYBRIDIST
Hy"brid*ist, n.

Defn: One who hybridizes.

HYBRIDITY
Hy*brid"i*ty, n.

Defn: Hybridism.

HYBRIDIZABLE
Hy"brid*i`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of forming a hybrid, or of being subjected to a
hybridizing process; capable of producing a hybrid by union with
another species or stock.
Hybridizable genera are rarer than is generally supposed, even in
gardens where they are so often operated upon, under circumstances
most favorable to the production of hybrids. J. D. Hooker.

HYBRIDIZATION
Hy`brid*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of hybridizing, or the state of being hybridized.

HYBRIDIZE
Hy"brid*i`ze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hybridized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hybridizing.]

Defn: To render hybrid; to produce by mixture of stocks.

HYBRIDIZER
Hy"brid*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who hybridizes.

HYBRIDOUS
Hy"brid*ous, a.

Defn: Same as Hybrid.

HYDAGE
Hyd"age, n. (Law)

Defn: A land tax. See Hidage.

HYDANTOIC
Hy`dan*to"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, hydantoin. See Glycoluric.

HYDANTOIN
Hy*dan"to*in, n. Etym: [Hydrogen + allantion.] (Chem.)

Defn: A derivative of urea, C3H4N2O2, obtained from allantion, as a
white, crystalline substance, with a sweetish taste; -- called also
glycolyl urea.

HYDATID
Hy"da*tid, n. Etym: [Gr. "y`dwr, "y`datos, water: cf. F. hydatide.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A membranous sac or bladder filled with a pellucid fluid, found
in various parts of the bodies of animals, but unconnected with the
tissues. It is usually formed by parasitic worms, esp. by larval
tapeworms, as Echinococcus and Coenurus. See these words in the
Vocabulary. Hydatid of Morgagni (Anat.), one of the small
pedunculated bodies found between the testicle and the head of the
epididymis, and supposed to be a remnant of the Müllerian duct.

HYDATIFORM
Hy*dat"i*form, a. Etym: [Hydatid + -form.]

Defn: Resembling a hydatid.

HYDATOID
Hy"da*toid, a. Etym: [Gr. "y`dwr, "y`datos, water + -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Resembling water; watery; aqueous; hyaloid.

HYDR-
Hy"dr-

Defn: . See under Hydro-.

HYDRA
Hy"dra, n.; pl. E. Hydras, L. Hydræ. Etym: [L. hydra, Gr. "y`dra;
akin to "y`dwr water. See Otter the animal, Water.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A serpent or monster in the lake or marsh of Lerna, in the
Peloponnesus, represented as having many heads, one of which, when
cut off, was immediately succeeded by two others, unless the wound
was cauterized. It was slain by Hercules. Hence, a terrible monster.
Gorgons, and Hydras, and Chimeras dire. Milton.

2. Hence: A multifarious evil, or an evil having many sources; not to
be overcome by a single effort.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small fresh-water hydroid of the genus Hydra, usually found
attached to sticks, stones, etc., by a basal sucker.

Note: The body is a simple tube, having a mouth at one extremity,
surrounded by a circle of tentacles with which it captures its prey.
Young hydras bud out from the sides of the older ones, but soon
become detached and are then like their parent. Hydras are remarkable
for their power of repairing injuries; for if the body be divided in
pieces, each piece will grow into a complete hydra, to which fact the
name alludes. The zooids or hydranths of marine hydroids are
sometimes called hydras.

4. (Astron.)

Defn: A southern constellation of great length lying southerly from
Cancer, Leo, and Virgo.

HYDRACHNID
Hy*drach"nid, n. Etym: [Hydr- + arachnid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An aquatic mite of the genus Hydrachna. The hydrachids, while
young, are parasitic on fresh-water mussels.

HYDRACID
Hy*drac"id, n. Etym: [Hydr- + acid: cf. F. hydracide.] (Chem.)

Defn: An acid containing hydrogen; -- sometimes applied to
distinguish acids like hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, and the like,
which contain no oxygen, from the oxygen acids or oxacids. See Acid.

HYDRACRYLIC
Hy`dra*cryl"ic, a. Etym: [Hydr- + acrylic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an isomeric variety of lastic
acid that breaks down into acrylic acid and water.

HYDRACTINIAN
Hy`drac*tin"i*an, n. Etym: [See Hydra, and Actinia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species or marine hydroids, of the genus Hydractinia and
allied genera. These hydroids form, by their rootstalks, a firm,
chitinous coating on shells and stones, and esp. on spiral shells
occupied by hermit crabs. See Illust. of Athecata.

HYDRAEMIA
Hy*dræ"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Med.)

Defn: An abnormally watery state of the blood; anæmia.

HYDRAGOGUE
Hy"dra*gogue, a. Etym: [L. hydragogus conveying off water, Gr. "y`dwr
water + hydragogue.] (Med.)

Defn: Causing a discharge of water; expelling serum effused into any
part of the body, as in dropsy.
 -- n.

Defn: A hydragogue medicine, usually a cathartic or diuretic.

HYDRAMIDE
Hy*dram"ide, n. Etym: [Hydr- + -amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a group of crystalline bodies produced by the action of
ammonia on certain aldehydes.

HYDRAMINE
Hy*dram"ine, n. Etym: [Hydroxyl + amine.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of artificial, organic bases, usually produced
as thick viscous liquids by the action of ammonia on ethylene oxide.
They have the properties both of alcohol and amines.

HYDRANGEA
Hy*dran"ge*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + hydrangée.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubby plants bearing opposite leaves and large
heads of showy flowers, white, or of various colors. H. hortensis,
the common garden species, is a native of China or Japan.

HYDRANT
Hy"drant, n. Etym: [Gr. "y`dwr water. See Hydra.]

Defn: A discharge pipe with a valve and spout at which water may be
drawn from the mains of waterworks; a water plug.

HYDRANTH
Hy"dranth, n. Etym: [Hydra + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the nutritive zooids of a hydroid colony. Also applied
to the proboscis or manubrium of a hydroid medusa. See Illust. of
Hydroidea.

HYDRARGOCHLORIDE
Hy*drar"go*chlo"ride, n. Etym: [Hydrargyrum + chloride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of the bichloride of mercury with another chloride.
[Obs.]

HYDRARGYRATE
Hy*drar"gy*rate, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to mercury; containing, or impregnated with,
mercury. [R.]

HYDRARGYRISM
Hy*drar"gy*rism, n. (Med.)

Defn: A diseased condition produced by poisoning with hydrargyrum, or
mercury; mercurialism.

HYDRARGYRUM
Hy*drar"gy*rum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. hydrargyrus, Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Quicksilver; mercury.

HYDRARTHROSIS
Hy`drar*thro"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Hydro-, 1, and Arthrosis.] (Med.)

Defn: An effusion of watery liquid into the cavity of a joint.

HYDRASTINE
Hy*dras"tine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid, found in the rootstock of the golden seal
(Hydrastis Canadensis), and extracted as a bitter, white, crystalline
substance. It is used as a tonic and febrifuge.

HYDRA-TAINTED
Hy"dra-taint`ed, a.

Defn: Dipped in the gall of the fabulous hydra; poisonous; deadly.
Cowper.

HYDRATE
Hy"drate, n. Etym: [Gr. "y`dwr water: cf. F. hydrate.] (Chem.)
(a) A compound formed by the union of water with some other
substance, generally forming a neutral body, as certain crystallized
salts.
(b) A substance which does not contain water as such, but has its
constituents (hydrogen, oxygen, hydroxyl) so arranged that water may
be eliminated; hence, a derivative of, or compound with, hydroxyl;
hydroxide; as, ethyl hydrate, or common alcohol; calcium hydrate, or
slaked lime.

HYDRATE
Hy"drate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Hydrating.]

Defn: To form into a hydrate; to combine with water.

HYDRATED
Hy"dra*ted, a.

Defn: Formed into a hydrate; combined with water.

HYDRATION
Hy*dra"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The act of becoming, or state of being, a hydrate. Water of
hydration (Chem.), water chemically combined with some substance to
form a hydrate; -- distinguished from water of crystallization.

HYDRAULIC
Hy*drau"lic, a. Etym: [F. hydraulique, L. hydraulicus, fr. Gr. "y`dwr
water + Hydra.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to hydraulics, or to fluids in motion;
conveying, or acting by, water; as, an hydraulic clock, crane, or
dock. Hydraulic accumulator, an accumulator for hydraulic machinery
of any kind. See Accumulator, 2.
 -- Hydraulic brake, a cataract. See Cataract, 3.
 -- Hydraulic cement, a cement or mortar made of hydraulic lime,
which will harden under water.
 -- Hydraulic elevator, a lift operated by the weight or pressure of
water.
 -- Hydraulic jack. See under Jack.
 -- Hydraulic lime, quicklime obtained from hydraulic limestone, and
used for cementing under water, etc.
 -- Hydraulic limestone, a limestone which contains some clay, and
which yields a quicklime that will set, or form a firm, strong mass,
under water.
 -- Hydraulic main (Gas Works), a horizontal pipe containing water at
the bottom into which the ends of the pipes from the retorts dip, for
passing the gas through water in order to remove ammonia.
 -- Hydraulic mining, a system of mining in which the force of a jet
of water is used to wash down a bank of gold-bearing gravel or earth.
[Pacific Coast] -- Hydraulic press, a hydrostatic press. See under
Hydrostatic.
 -- Hydraulic propeller, a device for propelling ships by means of a
stream of water ejected under water rearward from the ship.
 -- Hydraulic ram, a machine for raising water by means of the energy
of the moving water of which a portion is to be raised. When the rush
of water through the main pipe d shuts the valve at a, the momentum
of the current thus suddenly checked forces part of it into the air
chamber b, and up the pipe c, its return being prevented by a valve
at the entrance to the air chamber, while the dropping of the valve a
by its own weight allows another rush through the main pipe, and so
on alternately.
 -- Hydraulic valve. (Mach.) (a) A valve for regulating the
distribution of water in the cylinders of hydraulic elevators,
cranes, etc. (b) (Gas Works) An inverted cup with a partition dipping
into water, for opening or closing communication between two gas
mains, the open ends of which protrude about the water.

HYDRAULICAL
Hy*drau"lic*al, a.

Defn: Hydraulic.

HYDRAULICON
Hy*drau"li*con, n. Etym: [NL. See Hydraulic.] (Mus.)

Defn: An ancient musical instrument played by the action of water; a
water organ. [Written also hydraulis.]

HYDRAULICS
Hy*drau"lics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hydraulique.]

Defn: That branch of science, or of engineering, which treats of
fluids in motion, especially of water, its action in rivers and
canals, the works and machinery for conducting or raising it, its use
as a prime mover, and the like.

Note: As a science, hydraulics includes hydrodynamics, or the
principles of mechanics applicable to the motion of water; as a
branch of engineering, it consists in the practical application of
the mechanics of fluids to the control and management of water with
reference to the wants of man, including canals, waterworks,
hydraulic machines, pumps, water wheels, etc. Some writers treat
hydraulics and hydrostatics as subdivisions of hydrodynamics.

HYDRAZINE
Hy"dra*zine, n. Etym: [Hydr- + azo- + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of nitrogenous bases, resembling the amines
and produced by the reduction of certain nitroso and diazo compounds;
as, methyl hydrazine, phenyl hydrazine, etc. They are derivatives of
hydrazine proper, H2N.NH2, which is a doubled amido group, recently
(1887) isolated as a stable, colorless gas, with a peculiar,
irritating odor. As a base it forms distinct salts. Called also
diamide, amidogen, (or more properly diamidogen), etc.

HYDRENCEPHSLOID
Hy"dren*ceph"s*loid, a. Etym: [Hydrencephalus + -oid.] (Med.)

Defn: Same as Hydrocephaloid.

HYDRIA
Hy"dri*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A water jar; esp., one with a large rounded body, a small neck,
and three handles. Some of the most beautiful Greek vases are of this
form.

HYDRIAD
Hy"dri*ad, n. Etym: [Gr. "y`dwr water.] (Myth.)

Defn: A water nymph.

HYDRIC
Hy"dric, a. Etym: [From Hydrogen.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen; as, hydric oxide.
Hydric dioxide. (Chem.) See Hydrogen dioxide, under Hydrogen.
 -- Hydric oxide (Chem.), water.
 -- Hydric sulphate (Chem.), hydrogen sulphate or sulphuric acid.

HYDRIDE
Hy"dride, n. Etym: [Hydr- + ide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of the binary type, in which hydrogen is united with
some other element.

HYDRIFORM
Hy"dri*form, a. Etym: [Hydra + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the form or structure of a hydra.

HYDRINA
Hy*dri"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Hydra.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The group of hydroids to which the fresh-water hydras belong.

HYDRIODATE
Hy*dri"o*date, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hydriodate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Hydriodide.

HYDRIODIC
Hy`dri*od"ic, a. Etym: [Hydr- + iodic: cf. F. hydriodique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and iodine; -- said of
an acid produced by the combination of these elements. Hydriodic acid
(Chem.), a pungent, colorless gas, HI, usually prepared as a solution
in water. It is strong reducing agent. Called also hydrogen iodine.

HYDRIODIDE
Hy*dri"o*dide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of hydriodic acid with a base; -- distinguished from
an iodide, in which only the iodine combines with the base.

HYDRO-; HYDR-
Hy"dro-, Hy"dr-.

1. A combining form from Gr. Hydra).

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form of hydrogen, indicating hydrogen as an
ingredient, as hydrochloric; or a reduction product obtained by
hydrogen, as hydroquinone.

HYDRO-AEROPLANE
Hy"dro-a"ër*o*plane`. (Aëronautics)

Defn: An aëroplane with a boatlike or other understructure that
enables it to travel on, or to rise from the surface of, a body of
water by its own motive power.

HYDROBAROMETER
Hy`dro*ba*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + barometer.]

Defn: An instrument for determining the depth of the sea water by its
pressure.

HYDROBILIRUBIN
Hy`dro*bil`i*ru"bin, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + bilirubin.] (Physiol.
Chem.)

Defn: A body formed from bilirubin, identical with urobilin.

HYDROBIPLANE
Hy"dro*bi"plane, n.

Defn: A hydro-aëroplane having two supporting planes.

HYDROBRANCHIATA
Hy`dro*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water +
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive artificial division of gastropod mollusks,
including those that breathe by gills, as contrasted with the
Pulmonifera.
 -- Hy`dro*bran"chi*ate, a.

HYDROBROMATE
Hy`dro*bro"mate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Hydrobromide.

HYDROBROMIC
Hy`dro*bro"mic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + bromic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Composed of hydrogen and bromine; as, hydrobromic acid.
Hydrobromic acid (Chem.), a colorless, pungent, corrosive gas, HBr,
usually collected as a solution in water. It resembles hydrochloric
acid, but is weaker and less stable. Called also hydrogen bromide.

HYDROBROMIDE
Hy`dro*bro"mide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of hydrobromic acid with a base; -- distinguished
from a bromide, in which only the bromine unites with the base.

HYDROCARBON
Hy`dro*car"bon, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + carbon.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon, as methane,
benzene, etc.; also, by extension, any of their derivatives.
Hydrocarbon burner, furnace, stove, a burner, furnace, or stove with
which liquid fuel, as petroleum, is used.

HYDROCARBONACEOUS
Hy`dro*car`bo*na"ceous, a.

Defn: Of the nature, or containing, hydrocarbons.

HYDROCARBONATE
Hy`dro*car"bon*ate, n.
(a) (Old Chem.) A hydrocarbon. [Obs.]
(b) (Chem.) A hydrous carbonate, as malachite.

HYDROCARBOSTYRIL
Hy`dro*car`bo*sty"ril, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + carbostyril.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline, nitrogenous hydrocarbon, C9H9NO, obtained
from certain derivatives of cinnamic acid and closely related to
quinoline and carbostyril.

HYDROCARBURET
Hy`dro*car"bu*ret, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + carburet.] (Chem.)

Defn: Carbureted hydrogen; also, a hydrocarbon. [Obs.]

HYDROCAULUS
Hy`dro*cau"lus, n.; pl. Hydrocauli. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water
+ (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hollow stem of a hydroid, either simple or branched. See
Illust. of Gymnoblastea and Hydroidea.

HYDROCELE
Hy`dro*cele, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Med.)

Defn: A collection of serous fluid in the areolar texture of the
scrotum or in the coverings, especially in the serous sac, investing
the testicle or the spermatic cord; dropsy of the testicle.

HYDROCEPHALIC
Hy`dro*ce*phal"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to, or connected with, hydrocephalus, or dropsy of the
brain.

HYDROCEPHALOID
Hy`dro*ceph"a*loid, a. Etym: [Hydrocephalus + -oid.] (Med.)

Defn: Resembling hydrocephalus. Hydrocephaloid affection (Med.), the
group of symptoms which follow exhausting diarrhea in young children,
resembling those of acute hydrocephalus, or tubercular meningitis.

HYDROCEPHALOUS
Hy`dro*ceph"a*lous, a.

Defn: Having hydrocephalus. "Hydrocephalous offspring." G. Eliot.

HYDROCEPHALUS
Hy`dro*ceph"a*lus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Med.)

Defn: An accumulation of liquid within the cavity of the cranium,
especially within the ventricles of the brain; dropsy of the brain.
It is due usually to tubercular meningitis. When it occurs in
infancy, it often enlarges the head enormously.

HYDROCHLORATE
Hy`dro*chlo"rate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Hydrochloride.

HYDROCHLORIC
Hy`dro*chlo"ric, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + hloric: cf. F.
hydrochlorique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or compounded of, chlorine and hydrogen gas; as,
hydrochloric acid; chlorhydric. Hydrochloric acid (Chem.), hydrogen
chloride; a colorless, corrosive gas, HCl, of pungent, suffocating
odor. It is made in great quantities in the soda process, by the
action of sulphuric acid on common salt. It has a great affinity for
water, and the commercial article is a strong solution of the gas in
water. It is a typical acid, and is an indispensable agent in
commercial and general chemical work. Called also muriatic, and
chlorhydric, acid.

HYDROCHLORIDE
Hy`dro*chlo"ride, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of hydrochloric acid with a base; -- distinguished
from a chloride, where only chlorine unites with the base.

HYDROCORALLIA
Hy`dro*co*ral"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Hydra, and Coral.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Hydroidea, including those genera that secrete a
stony coral, as Millepora and Stylaster. Two forms of zooids in life
project from small pores in the coral and resemble those of other
hydroids. See Millepora.

HYDROCYANATE
Hy`dro*cy"a*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Hydrocyanide.

HYDROCYANIC
Hy`dro*cy*an"ic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + anic: cf. F. hydrocyanique.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from the combination of, hydrogen and
cyanogen. Hydrocyanic acid (Chem.), a colorless, mobile, volatile
liquid, HCN, having a characteristic peach-blossom odor. It is one of
the most deadly poisons. It is made by the action of sulphuric acid
on yellow prussiate of potassium (potassium ferrocyanide), and
chemically resembles hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids. Called also
prussic acid, hydrogen cyanide, etc.

HYDROCYANIDE
Hy`dro*cy"a*nide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of hydrocyanic acid with a base; -- distinguished
from a cyanide, in which only the cyanogen so combines.

HYDRODYNAMIC; HYDRODYNAMICAL
Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic, Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic*al, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + dynamic,
-ical: cf. F. hydrodynamique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the dynamical action of water
of a liquid; of or pertaining to water power. Hydrodynamic friction,
friction produced by the viscosity of a liquid in motion.

HYDRODYNAMICS
Hy`dro*dy*nam"ics, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + dynamics: cf. F.
hydrodynamique.]

Defn: That branch of the science of mechanics which relates to
fluids, or, as usually limited, which treats of the laws of motion
and action of nonelastic fluids, whether as investigated
mathematically, or by observation and experiment; the principles of
dynamics, as applied to water and other fluids.

Note: The word is sometimes used as a general term, including both
hydrostatics and hydraulics, together with pneumatics and acoustics.
See Hydraulics.

HYDRODYNAMOMETER
Hy`dro*dy`na*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + dynamometer.]

Defn: An instrument to measure the velocity of a liquid current by
the force of its impact.

HYDRO-ELECTRIC
Hy`dro-e*lec"tric, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + electric.]

Defn: Pertaining to, employed in, or produced by, the evolution of
electricity by means of a battery in which water or steam is used.
Hydro-electric machine (Physics), an apparatus invented by Sir
William Armstrong of England for generating electricity by the escape
of high-pressure steam from a series of jets connected with a strong
boiler, in which the steam is produced.

HYDRO-EXTRACTOR
Hy`dro-ex*tract"or, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + extractor.]

Defn: An apparatus for drying anything, as yarn, cloth, sugar, etc.,
by centrifugal force; a centrifugal.

HYDROFERRICYANIC
Hy`dro*fer`ri*cy*an"ic, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + ferricyanic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen,
ferric iron, and cyanogen; as, hydroferricyanic acid. See
Ferricyanic.

HYDROFERROCYANIC
Hy`dro*fer`ro*cy*an"ic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + ferrocyanic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen,
ferrous iron, and cyanogen; as, hydroferrocyanic acid. See
Ferrocyanic.

HYDROFLUATE
Hy`dro*flu"ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A supposed compound of hydrofluoris acid and a base; a
fluoride. [Archaic]

HYDROFLUORIC
Hy`dro*flu*or"ic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + fluoric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen and fluorine;
fluohydric; as, hydrofluoric acid. Hydrofluoric acid (Chem.), a
colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, HF, very corrosive in its action,
and having a strong, pungent, suffocating odor. It is produced by the
action of sulphuric acid on fluorite, and is usually collected as a
solution in water. It attacks all silicates, as glass or porcelain,
is the agent employed in etching glass, and is preserved only in
vessels of platinum, lead, caoutchouc, or gutta-percha.

HYDROFLUOSILICATE
Hy`dro*flu`o*sil"i*cate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of hydrofluosilic acid; a silicofluoride. See
Silicofluoride.

HYDROFLUOSILICIC
Hy`dro*flu`o*si*lic"ic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + fluorine + silicic.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or denoting, a compound consisting of a double
fluoride of hydrogen and silicon; silicofluoric. See Silicofluoric.

HYDROGALVANIC
Hy`dro*gal*van"ic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + galvanic.]

Defn: Pertaining to, produced by, or consisting of, electricity
evolved by the action or use of fluids; as, hydrogalvanic currents.
[R.]

HYDROGEN
Hy"dro*gen, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + -gen: cf. F. hydrogène. So called
because water is generated by its combustion. See Hydra.] (Chem.)

Defn: A gaseous element, colorless, tasteless, and odorless, the
lightest known substance, being fourteen and a half times lighter
than air (hence its use in filling balloons), and over eleven
thousand times lighter than water. It is very abundant, being an
ingredient of water and of many other substances, especially those of
animal or vegetable origin. It may by produced in many ways, but is
chiefly obtained by the action of acids (as sulphuric) on metals, as
zinc, iron, etc. It is very inflammable, and is an ingredient of coal
gas and water gas. It is standard of chemical equivalents or
combining weights, and also of valence, being the typical monad.
Symbol H. Atomic weight 1.

Note: Although a gas, hydrogen is chemically similar to the metals in
its nature, having the properties of a weak base. It is, in all
acids, the base which is replaced by metals and basic radicals to
form salts. Like all other gases, it is condensed by great cold and
pressure to a liquid which freezes and solidifies by its own
evaporation. It is absorbed in large quantities by certain metals
(esp. palladium), forming alloy-like compounds; hence, in view of
quasi-metallic nature, it is sometimes called hydrogenium. It is the
typical reducing agent, as opposed to oxidizers, as oxygen, chlorine,
etc. Bicarbureted hydrogen, an old name for ethylene.
 -- Carbureted hydrogen gas. See under Carbureted.
 -- Hydrogen dioxide, a thick, colorless liquid, H2O2, resembling
water, but having a bitter, sour taste, produced by the action of
acids on barium peroxide. It decomposes into water and oxygen, and is
manufactured in large quantities for an oxidizing and bleaching
agent. Called also oxygenated water.
 -- Hydrogen oxide, a chemical name for water, H -- Hydrogen
sulphide, a colorless inflammable gas, H2S, having the characteristic
odor of bad eggs, and found in many mineral springs. It is produced
by the action of acids on metallic sulphides, and is an important
chemical reagent. Called also sulphureted hydrogen.

HYDROGENATE
Hy"dro*gen*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrogenated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hydrogenating.] (Chem.)

Defn: To hydrogenize.

HYDROGENATION
Hy`dro*gen*a"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The act of combining with hydrogen, or the state of being so
combined.

HYDROGENIDE
Hy"dro*gen*ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound containing hydrogen; a hydride. [R.] See
Hydride.

HYDROGENIUM
Hy`dro*ge"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Hydrogen.] (Chem.)

Defn: Hydrogen; -- called also in view of its supposed metallic
nature. Graham.

HYDROGENIZE
Hy"dro*gen*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrogenized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hydrogenizing.] (Chem.)

Defn: To combine with hydrogen; to treat with, or subject to the
action of, hydrogen; to reduce; -- contrasted with oxidize.

HYDROGENOUS
Hy*drog"e*nous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to hydrogen; containing hydrogen.

HYDROGNOSY
Hy*drog"no*sy, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + Gr.

Defn: A treatise upon, or a history and description of, the water of
the earth.

HYDROGODE
Hy"drog*ode, n. Etym: [Hydrogen + Gr. (Elec.)

Defn: The negative pole or cathode. [R.]

HYDROGRAPHER
Hy*drog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One skilled in the hydrography; one who surveys, or draws maps
or charts of, the sea, lakes, or other waters, with the adjacent
shores; one who describes the sea or other waters. Boyle.

HYDROGRAPHIC; HYDROGRAPHICAL
Hy`dro*graph"ic, Hy`dro*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or relating to hydrography.

HYDROGRAPHY
Hy*drog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + -graphy: cf. F. hydrographie.]

1. The art of measuring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers, and
other waters, with their phenomena.

2. That branch of surveying which embraces the determination of the
contour of the bottom of a harbor or other sheet of water, the depth
of soundings, the position of channels and shoals, with the
construction of charts exhibiting these particulars.

HYDROGURET
Hy*drog"u*ret, n. Etym: [From Hydrogen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydride. [Obs.]

HYDROID
Hy"droid, a. Etym: [Hydra + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Related to, or resembling, the hydra; of or pertaining to the
Hydroidea.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Hydroideas.

HYDROIDEA
Hy*droi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Hydra, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive order of Hydrozoa or Acalephæ. [Written also
Hydroida.]

Note: This order includes the hydras and the free-swimming
hydromedusæ, together with a great variety of marine attached
hydroids, many of which grow up into large, elegantly branched forms,
consisting of a vast number of zooids (hydranths, gonophores, etc.),
united by hollow stems. All the zooids of a colony are produced from
one primary zooid, by successive buddings. The Siphonophora have also
been included in this order by some writers. See Gymnoblastea,
Hydromedusa, Gonosome, Gonotheca.

HYDROKINETIC
Hy`dro*ki*net"ic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + kinetic.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the motions of fluids, or the forces which
produce or affect such motions; -- opposed to hydrostatic. Sir W.
Thomson.

HYDROLOGICAL
Hy`dro*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to hydrology.

HYDROLOGIST
Hy*drol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One skilled in hydrology.

HYDROLOGY
Hy*drol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + -logy: cf. F. hydrologie.]

Defn: The science of water, its properties, phenomena, and
distribution over the earth's surface.

HYDROLYSIS
Hy*drol"y*sis, n.  [Hydro-, 1 + -lysis.] (Chem.)

Defn: A chemical process involving the addition of the elements of
water.

HYDROLYTIC
Hy`dro*lyt"ic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Tending to remove or separate water; eliminating water.
Hydrolytic agents, such as sulphuric acid or caustic alkali. Encyc.
Brit.
Hydrolitic ferment (Physiol. Chem.), a ferment, enzyme, or chemical
ferment, which acts only in the presence of water, and which causes
the substance acted upon to take up a molecule of water. Thus,
diastase of malt, ptyalin of saliva, and boiling dilute sulphuric
acid all convert starch by hydration into dextrin and sugar. Nearly
all of the digestive ferments are hydrolytic in their action.

HYDROMAGNESITE
Hy`dro*mag"ne*site, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + magnesite.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous carbonate of magnesia occurring in white, early,
amorphous masses.

HYDROMANCY
Hy"dro*man`cy, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + -mancy: cf. F. hydromancie.]

Defn: Divination by means of water, -- practiced by the ancients.

HYDROMANTIC
Hy`dro*man"tic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hydromantique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to divination by water.

HYDROMECHANICS
Hy`dro*me*chan"ics, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + mechanics.]

Defn: That branch of physics which treats of the mechanics of
liquids, or of their laws of equilibrium and of motion.

HYDROMEDUSA
Hy`dro*me*du"sa, n.; pl. Hydromedusæ. Etym: [NL. See Hydra, and
Medusa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any medusa or jellyfish which is produced by budding from a
hydroid. They are called also Craspedota, and naked-eyed medusæ.

Note: Such medusæ are the reproductive zooids or gonophores, either
male or female, of the hydroid from which they arise, whether they
become free or remain attached to the hydroid colony. They in turn
produce the eggs from which the hydroids are developed. The name is
also applied to other similar medusæ which are not known to bud from
a hydroid colony, and even to some which are known to develop
directly from the eggs, but which in structure agree essentially with
those produced from hydroids. See Hydroidea, and Gymnoblastea.

HYDROMEL
Hy"dro*mel, n. Etym: [L. hydromel, hydromeli, Gr. hydromel.]

Defn: A liquor consisting of honey diluted in water, and after
fermentation called mead.

HYDROMELLONIC
Hy`dro*mel*lon"ic, a.

Defn: See Cyamellone.

HYDROMETALLURGICAL
Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to hydrometallurgy; involving the use of
liquid reagents in the treatment or reduction of ores.
 -- Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al*ly, adv.

HYDROMETALLURGY
Hy`dro*met"al*lur`gy, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + metallurgy.]

Defn: The art or process of assaying or reducing ores by means of
liquid reagents.

HYDROMETEOR
Hy`dro*me"te*or, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + meteor.]

Defn: A meteor or atmospheric phenomenon dependent upon the vapor of
water; -- in the pl., a general term for the whole aqueous phenomena
of the atmosphere, as rain, snow, hail, etc. Nichol.

HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
Hy`dro*me`te*or`o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to hydrometeorology, or to rain, clouds,
storms, etc.

HYDROMETEOROLOGY
Hy`dro*me`te*or*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + meteorology.]

Defn: That branch of meteorology which relates to, or treats of,
water in the atmosphere, or its phenomena, as rain, clouds, snow,
hail, storms, etc.

HYDROMETER
Hy*drom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + -meter: cf. F. hydromètre.]

1. (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for determining the specific gravities of
liquids, and thence the strength spirituous liquors, saline
solutions, etc.

Note: It is usually made of glass with a graduated stem, and
indicates the specific gravity of a liquid by the depth to which it
sinks in it, the zero of the scale marking the depth to which it
sinks in pure water. Extra weights are sometimes used to adapt the
scale to liquids of different densities.

2. An instrument, variously constructed, used for measuring the
velocity or discharge of water, as in rivers, from reservoirs, etc.,
and called by various specific names according to its construction or
use, as tachometer, rheometer, hydrometer, pendulum, etc.; a current
gauge.

HYDROMETRIC; HYDROMETRICAL
Hy`dro*met"ric, Hy`dro*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hydromètrique.]

1. Of or pertaining to an hydrometer, or to the determination of the
specific gravity of fluids.

2. Of or pertaining to measurement of the velocity, discharge, etc.,
of running water.

3. Made by means of an hydrometer; as, hydrometric observations.
Hydrometric pendulum, a species of hydrometer consisting of a hollow
ball of ivory or metal suspended by a treated from the center of a
graduated quadrant, and held in a stream to measure the velocity of
the water by the inclination given to the thread; a kind of current
gauge.

HYDROMETROGRAPH
Hy`dro*met"ro*graph, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. graph.]

Defn: An instrument for determining and recording the quantity of
water discharged from a pipe, orifice, etc., in a given time.

HYDROMETRY
Hy*drom"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hydromètrique.]

1. The art of determining the specific gravity of liquids, and thence
the strength of spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc.

2. The art or operation of measuring the velocity or discharge of
running water, as in rivers, etc.

HYDROMICA
Hy`dro*mi"ca, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + mica.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of potash mica containing water. It is less elastic
than ordinary muscovite. Hydromica schist (Min.), a mica schist
characterized by the presence of hydromica. It often has a silky
luster and almost soapy feel.

HYDRONEPHROSIS
Hy`dro*ne*phro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., Gr. "y`dwr water + (Med.)

Defn: An accumulation of urine in the pelvis of the kidney,
occasioned by obstruction in the urinary passages.

HYDROPATH
Hy"dro*path, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hydropathe.]

Defn: A hydropathist.

HYDROPATHIC; HYDROPATHICAL
Hy`dro*path"ic, Hy`dro*path"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to hydropathy.

HYDROPATHIST
Hy*drop"a*thist, n.

Defn: One who practices hydropathy; a water-cure doctor.

HYDROPATHY
Hy*drop"a*thy, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + Gr.

Defn: The water cure; a mode of treating diseases by the copious and
frequent use of pure water, both internally and externally.

HYDROPERITONEUM
Hy`dro*per`i*to*ne"um, n. Etym: [NL. See Hydro-, and Peritoneum.]
(Med.)

Defn: Same as Ascites.

HYDROPHANE
Hy"dro*phane, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. hydrophane.] (Min.)

Defn: A semitranslucent variety of opal that becomes translucent or
transparent on immersion in water.

HYDROPHANOUS
Hy*droph"a*nous, a. (Min.)

Defn: Made transparent by immersion in water.

HYDROPHID
Hy"dro*phid, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any sea snake of the genus Hydrophys and allied genera. These
snakes are venomous, live upon fishes, and have a flattened tail for
swimming.

HYDROPHLORONE
Hy`dro*phlo"rone, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + phlorone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline benzene derivative, C8H10O2, obtained by
the reduction of phlorone.

HYDROPHOBIA
Hy`dro*pho"bi*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + hydrophobie.]
(Med.)
(a) An abnormal dread of water, said to be a symptom of canine
madness; hence:
(b) The disease caused by a bite form, or inoculation with the saliva
of, a rabid creature, of which the chief symptoms are, a sense of
dryness and construction in the throat, causing difficulty in
deglutition, and a marked heightening of reflex excitability,
producing convulsions whenever the patient attempts to swallow, or is
disturbed in any way, as by the sight or sound of water; rabies;
canine madness. [Written also hydrophoby.]

HYDROPHOBIC
Hy`dro*phob"ic, a. Etym: [L. hydrophobicus, Gr. hydrophobique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to hydrophobia; producing or caused by rabies;
as, hydrophobic symptoms; the hydrophobic poison.

HYDROPHOBY
Hy"dro*pho`by, n.

Defn: See Hydrophobia.

HYDROPHORA
Hy*droph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Hydroidea.

HYDROPHORE
Hy"dro*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. "y`dwr water +

Defn: An instrument used for the purpose of obtaining specimens of
water from any desired depth, as in a river, a lake, or the ocean.

HYDROPHYLLIUM
Hy`dro*phyl"li*um, n.; pl. L. Hydrophyllia, E. Hydrophylliums. Etym:
[NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the flat, leaflike, protective zooids, covering other
zooids of certain Siphonophora.

HYDROPHYTE
Hy"dro*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. hydrophyte.]

Defn: An aquatic plant; an alga.

HYDROPHYTOLOGY
Hy*droph`y*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Hydro- + phyte + -logy.]

Defn: The branch of botany which treats of water plants.

HYDROPIC; HYDROPICAL
Hy*drop"ic, Hy*drop"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. hydropicus, Gr. hydropique.
See Dropsy.]

Defn: Dropsical, or resembling dropsy.
Every lust is a kind of hydropic distemper, and the more we drink the
more we shall thirst. Tillotson.

HYDROPICALLY
Hy*drop"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a hydropical manner.

HYDROPIPER
Hy"dro*pi`per, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + L. piper a
pepper.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species (Polygonum Hydropiper) of knotweed with acrid
foliage; water pepper; smartweed.

HYDROPLANE
Hy"dro*plane, n. [Pref. hydro-, 1 + plane.]

1. A plane, or any of a number of planes, projecting from the hull of
a submarine boat, which by being elevated or depressed cause the
boat, when going ahead, to sink or rise, after the manner of an
aëroplane.

2.  A projecting plane or fin on a gliding boat to lift the moving
boat on top of the water; also, a gliding boat.

HYDROPLANE
Hy"dro*plane, v. i.

Defn: Of a boat, to plane (see Plane, below).

HYDROPNEUMATIC
Hy`dro*pneu*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + pneumatic: cf. F.
hydropneumatique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or depending upon, both liquid and gaseous
substances; as, hydropneumatic apparatus for collecting gases over
water or other liquids.

HYDROPNEUMATIC GUN CARRIAGE
Hy`dro*pneu*mat"ic gun carriage. (Ordnance)

Defn: A disappearing gun carriage in which the recoil is checked by
cylinders containing liquid and air, the air when compressed
furnishing the power for restoring the gun to the firing position. It
is used with some English and European heavy guns.

HYDROPSY
Hy"drop`sy, n.

Defn: Same as Dropsy.

HYDROPULT
Hy"dro*pult, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + Gr.

Defn: A machine for throwing water by hand power, as a garden engine,
a fire extinguisher, etc.

HYDROQUINONE
Hy`dro*qui"none, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + quinone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance, C6H4(OH)2, obtained by the
reduction of quinone. It is a diacid phenol, resembling, and
metameric with, pyrocatechin and resorcin. Called also dihydroxy
benzene.

HYDRORHIZA
Hy`dro*rhi"za, n.; pl. L. Hydrorhizæ, E. Hydrorhizas. Etym: [NL., fr.
E. hydra + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The rootstock or decumbent stem by which a hydroid is attached
to other objects. See Illust. under Hydroidea.

HYDROSALT
Hy"dro*salt`, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + salt.] (Chem.)
(a) A salt supposed to be formed by a hydracid and a base.
(b) An acid salt. [R.]
(c) A hydrous salt; a salt combined with water of hydration or
crystallization.

HYDROSCOPE
Hy"dro*scope, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + -scope.]

1. An instrument designed to mark the presence of water, especially
in air. Weale.

2. A kind of water clock, used anciently for measuring time, the
water tricking from an orifice at the end of a graduated tube.

HYDROSOME; HYDROSOMA
Hy"dro*some, Hy`dro*so"ma, n. Etym: [NL. hydrosoma. See Hydra, and -
some body.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: All the zooids of a hydroid colony collectively, including the
nutritive and reproductive zooids, and often other kinds.

HYDROSORBIC
Hy`dro*sor"bic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + sorbic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from sorbic
acid when this takes up hydrogen; as, hydrosorbic acid.

HYDROSPHERE
Hy"dro*sphere, n. [Pref. hydro-, 1 + sphere.]

1. (Meteor.)

Defn: The aqueous vapor of the entire atmosphere.

2.  (Phys. Geog.) The aqueous envelope of the earth, including the
ocean, all lakes, streams, and underground waters, and the aqueous
vapor in the atmosphere.

HYDROSTAT
Hy"dro*stat, n.

Defn: A contrivance or apparatus to prevent the explosion of steam
boilers.

HYDROSTATIC; HYDROSTATICAL
Hy`dro*stat"ic, Hy`dro*stat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + Gr.
hydrostatique. See Static.]

Defn: Of or relating to hydrostatics; pertaining to, or in accordance
with, the principles of the equilibrium of fluids.
The first discovery made in hydrostatics since the time of Archimedes
is due to Stevinus. Hallam.
Hydrostatic balance, a balance for weighing substances in water, for
the purpose of ascertaining their specific gravities.
 -- Hydrostatic bed, a water bed.
 -- Hydrostatic bellows, an apparatus consisting of a water-tight
bellowslike case with a long, upright tube, into which water may be
poured to illustrate the hydrostatic paradox.
 -- Hydrostatic paradox, the proposition in hydrostatics that any
quantity of water, however small, may be made to counterbalance any
weight, however great; or the law of the equality of pressure of
fluids in all directions.
 -- Hydrostatic press, a machine in which great force, with slow
motion, is communicated to a large plunger by means of water forced
into the cylinder in which it moves, by a forcing pump of small
diameter, to which the power is applied, the principle involved being
the same as in the hydrostatic bellows. Also called hydraulic press,
and Bramah press. In the illustration, a is a pump with a small
plunger b, which forces the water into the cylinder c, thus driving
upward the large plunder d, which performs the reduced work, such as
compressing cotton bales, etc.

HYDROSTATICALLY
Hy`dro*stat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to hydrostatics, or to hydrostatic principles.
Bentley.

HYDROSTATICIAN
Hy`dro*sta*ti"cian, n.

Defn: One who is versed or skilled in hydrostatics. [R.]

HYDROSTATICS
Hy`dro*stat"ics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hydrostatique.] (Physics)

Defn: The branch of science which relates to the pressure and
equilibrium of nonelastic fluids, as water, mercury, etc.; the
principles of statics applied to water and other liquids.

HYDROSULPHATE
Hy`dro*sul"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Hydrosulphurent.

HYDROSULPHIDE
Hy`dro*sul"phide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of compounds, derived from hydrogen sulphide by
the replacement of half its hydrogen by a base or basic radical; as,
potassium hydrosulphide, KSH. The hydrosulphides are analogous to the
hydrates and include the mercaptans.

HYDROSULPHITE
Hy`dro*sul"phite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A saline compound of hydrosulphurous acid and a base. [R.]

HYDROSULPHURET
Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrosulphide. [Archaic]

HYDROSULPHURETED
Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined with hydrogen sulphide.

HYDROSULPHURIC
Hy`dro*sul*phu"ric, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + sulphuric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and sulphur; as,
hydrosulphuricacid, a designation applied to the solution of hydrogen
sulphide in water.

HYDROSULPHUROUS
Hy`dro*sul"phur*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the
reduction of sulphurous acid. See Hyposulphurous acid, under
Hyposulphurous.

HYDROTELLURATE
Hy`dro*tel"lu*rate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt formed by the union of hydrotelluric acid and the base.

HYDROTELLURIC
Hy`dro*tel*lu"ric, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + telluric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Formed by hydrogen and tellurium; as, hydrotelluric acid, or
hydrogen telluride.

HYDROTHECA
Hy`dro*the"ca, n.; pl. L. Hydrothecæ, E. Hydrothecas. Etym: [NL., fr.
E. hydra + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the calicles which, in some Hydroidea (Thecaphora),
protect the hydrants. See Illust. of Hydroidea, and Campanularian.

HYDROTHERAPEUTICS
Hy`dro*ther`a*peu"tics, n. [Hydro-, 1 + therapeutics.] (Med.)

Defn: A system of treating disease by baths and mineral waters.

HYDROTHERAPY
Hy`dro*ther"a*py, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + therapy.] (Med.)

Defn: See Hydropathy.

HYDROTHERMAL
Hy`dro*ther"mal, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + thermal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to hot water; -- used esp. with reference to
the action of heated waters in dissolving, redepositing, and
otherwise producing mineral changes within the crust of the globe.

HYDROTHORAX
Hy`dro*tho"rax, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + thorax.] (Med.)

Defn: An accumulation of serous fluid in the cavity of the chest.

HYDROTIC
Hy*drot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. "y`dwr water: cf. Gr. hydrotique.]

Defn: Causing a discharge of water or phlegm.
 -- n. (Med.)

Defn: A hydrotic medicine.

HYDROTICAL
Hy*drot"ic*al, a.

Defn: Hydrotic.

HYDROTROPE
Hy"dro*trope, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 1 + Gr.

Defn: A device for raising water by the direct action of steam; a
pulsometer.

HYDROTROPIC
Hy`dro*trop"ic, a. Etym: [See Hydrotrope.] (Bot.)

Defn: Turning or bending towards moisture, as roots.

HYDROTROPISM
Hy*drot"ro*pism, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tendency towards moisture.

HYDROUS
Hy"drous, a. Etym: [Gr. "y`dwr water.]

1. Containing water; watery.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Containing water of hydration or crystallization.

HYDROXANTHANE
Hy`dro*xan"thane, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A persulphocyanate. [Obs.]

HYDROXANTHIC
Hy`dro*xan"thic, a. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + xanthic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Persulphocyanic.

HYDROXIDE
Hy*drox"ide, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + oxide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrate; a substance containing hydrogen and oxygen, made by
combining water with an oxide, and yielding water by elimination. The
hydroxides are regarded as compounds of hydroxyl, united usually with
basic element or radical; as, calcium hydroxide ethyl hydroxide.

HYDROXY-
Hy*drox"y-. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form, also used adjectively, indicating hydroxyl as
an ingredient. Hydroxy acid (Chem.), an organic acid, having (besides
the hydroxyl group of the carboxyl radical) an alcoholic hydroxyl
group, and thus having the qualities of an alcohol in addition to its
acid properties; as, lactic and tartaric acids are hydroxy acids.

HYDROXYL
Hy*drox"yl, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 2 + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound radical, or unsaturated group, HO, consisting of one
atom of hydrogen and one of oxygen. It is a characteristic part of
the hydrates, the alcohols, the oxygen acids, etc.

HYDROXYLAMINE
Hy*drox`yl*am"ine, n. Etym: [Hydroxyl + amine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous, organic base, NH2.OH, resembling ammonia, and
produced by a modified reduction of nitric acid. It is usually
obtained as a volatile, unstable solution in water. It acts as a
strong reducing agent.

HYDROZOA
Hy`dro*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Acalephæ; one of the classes of coelenterates, including
the Hydroidea, Discophora, and Siphonophora.

HYDROZOAL
Hy`dro*zo"al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Hydrozoa.

HYDROZOON; HYDROZOOEN
Hy`dro*zo"ön, n.; pl. L. Hydrozoa, E. Hydrozoöns. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Hydrozoa.

HYDRURET
Hy"dru*ret, n. Etym: [Hydro-, 2] (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of hydrogen; a hydride. [Obs.]

HYDRUS
Hy"drus, n. Etym: [L., a water serpent; also, a certain
constellation, Gr. "y`dros.] (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation of the southern hemisphere, near the south
pole.

HYE
Hye, n. & v.

Defn: See Hie. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HYEMAL
Hy*e"mal, a. Etym: [L. hyemalis, or better hiemalis, fr. hyems,
hiems, winter: cf. F. hyémal.]

Defn: Belonging to winter; done in winter. Sir T. Browne.

HYEMATE
Hy"e*mate, v. i. Etym: [L. hiemare, hiematum. See Hyemal.]

Defn: To pass the winter. [Obs. & R.]

HYEMATION
Hy`e*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. hiematio.]

1. The passing of a winter in a particular place; a wintering.

2. The act of affording shelter in winter. [Obs.]

HYEN
Hy"en, n. Etym: [F. hyène.]

Defn: A hyena. [Obs.] Shak.

HYENA
Hy*e"na, n.; pl. Hyenas. Etym: [L. hyaena, Gr. hyène. See Sow female
hog.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any carnivorous mammal of the family Hyænidæ, of which three
living species are known. They are large and strong, but cowardly.
They feed chiefly on carrion, and are nocturnal in their habits.
[Written also hyæna.]

Note: The striped hyena (Hyæna striata) inhabits Southern Asia and a
large part of Africa. The brown hyena (H. brunnea), and the spotted
hyena (Crocuta maculata), are found in Southern Africa. The extinct
cave hyena (H. spelæa) inhabited England and France. Cave hyena. See
under Cave.
 -- Hyena dog (Zoöl.), a South African canine animal (Lycaon
venaticus), which hunts in packs, chiefly at night. It is smaller
than the common wolf, with very large, erect ears, and a bushy tail.
Its color is reddish or yellowish brown, blotched with black and
white. Called also hunting dog.

HYETAL
Hy"e*tal, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to rain; descriptive of the distribution of
rain, or of rainy regions.

HYETOGRAPH
Hy"e*to*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: A chart or graphic representation of the average distribution
of rain over the surface of the earth.

HYETOGRAPHIC
Hy`e*to*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to to hyetography.

HYETOGRAPHY
Hy`e*tog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: The branch of physical science which treats of the geographical
distribution of rain.

HYETOLOGY
Hy`e*tol"o*gy, n. [Gr.  + rain -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of the precipitation of rain, snow,
etc. -- Hy`e*to*log"ic*al, a.

HYGEIA
Hy*ge"ia, n. Etym: [L. Hygea, Hygia, fr. Gr. (Classic Myth.)

Defn: The goddess of health, daughter of Esculapius.

HYGEIAN
Hy*ge"ian, a.

Defn: Relating to Hygeia, the goddess of health; of or pertaining to
health, or its preservation.

HYGEIST
Hy"ge*ist, n.

Defn: One skilled in hygiena; a hygienist.

HYGIEIST
Hy"gie*ist, n.

Defn: A hygienist.

HYGIENE
Hy"gi*ene, n. Etym: [F. hygiène. See Hygeia.]

Defn: That department of sanitary science which treats of the
preservation of health, esp. of households and communities; a system
of principles or rules designated for the promotion of health.

HYGIENIC
Hy`gi*en"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hygiénique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to health or hygiene; sanitary.

HYGIENICS
Hy`gi*en"ics, n.

Defn: The science of health; hygiene.

HYGIENISM
Hy"gi*en*ism, n.

Defn: Hygiene.

HYGIENIST
Hy"gi*en*ist, n.

Defn: One versed in hygiene.

HYGIOLOGY
Hy`gi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A treatise on, or the science of, the preservation of health.
[R.]

HYGRINE
Hy"grine, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid associated with cocaine in coca leaves
(Erythroxylon coca), and extracted as a thick, yellow oil, having a
pungent taste and odor.

HYGRODEIK
Hy"gro*deik, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)

Defn: A form of hygrometer having wet and dry bulb thermometers, with
an adjustable index showing directly the percentage of moisture in
the air, etc.

HYGROGRAPH
Hy"gro*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for recording automatically the variations of the
humidity of the atmosphere.

HYGROLOGY
Hy*grol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. hygrologie.] (Med.)

Defn: The science which treats of the fluids of the body.

HYGROMETER
Hy*grom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. hygromètre.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the degree of moisture of the
atmosphere. Daniell's hygrometer, a form of hygrometer consisting of
a bent glass tube terminating in two bulbs, the one covered with
muslin, the other of black glass, and containing ether and a
thermometer. Ether being poured on the muslin, the black ball, cooled
by the evaporation of the ether within, is soon covered with dew; at
this moment, the inclosed thermometer gives the dew-point, and this,
compared with the reading of one in the air, determines the humidity.

HYGROMETRIC; HYGROMETRICAL
Hy`gro*met"ric, Hy`gro*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hygrométrique.]

1. Of or pertaining to hygrometry; made with, or according to, the
hygrometer; as, hygrometric observations.

2. Readily absorbing and retaining moisture; as, hygrometric
substances, like potash.

HYGROMETRY
Hy*grom"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hygrométrie.] (Physics)

Defn: That branch of physics which relates to the determination of
the humidity of bodies, particularly of the atmosphere, with the
theory and use of the instruments constructed for this purpose.

HYGROPHANOUS
Hy*groph"a*nous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having such a structure as to be diaphanous when moist, and
opaque when dry.

HYGROPHTHALMIC
Hy`groph*thal"mic, a. Etym: [Gr. ophthalmic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Serving to moisten the eye; -- sometimes applied to the
lachrymal ducts.

HYGROPLASM
Hy"gro*plasm, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The fluid portion of the cell protoplasm, in opposition to
stereoplasm, the solid or insoluble portion. The latter is supposed
to be partly nutritive and partly composed of idioplasm.

HYGROSCOPE
Hy"gro*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope: cf. F. hygroscope.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument which shows whether there is more or less
moisture in the atmosphere, without indicating its amount.

HYGROSCOPIC
Hy`gro*scop"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hygroscopique.]

1. Of or pertaining to, or indicated by, the hygroscope; not readily
manifest to the senses, but capable of detection by the hygroscope;
as, glass is often covered with a film of hygroscopic moisture.

2. Having the property of readily inbibing moisture from the
atmosphere, or of the becoming coated with a thin film of moisture,
as glass, etc.

HYGROSCOPICITY
Hy`gro*sco*pic"i*ty, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The property possessed by vegetable tissues of absorbing or
discharging moisture according to circumstances.

HYGROSTATICS
Hy`gro*stat"ics, n. Etym: [Gr. Statics.]

Defn: The science or art of comparing or measuring degrees of
moisture. Evelyn.

HYKE
Hyke, n.

Defn: See Haik, and Huke.

HYKSOS
Hyk"sos, n. [Gr. , fr. Egypt. hikshasu chiefs of the Bedouins,
shepherds.]

Defn: A dynasty of Egyptian kings, often called the Shepherd kings,
of foreign origin, who, according to the narrative of Manetho, ruled
for about 500 years, forming the XVth and XVIth dynasties. It is now
considered that the XVIth is merely a double of the XVth dynasty, and
that the total period of the six Hyksos kings was little more than
100 years. It is supposed that they were Asiatic Semites.

HYLAEOSAUR; HYLAEOSAURUS
Hy"læ*o*saur`, Hy`læ*o*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL. hylaeosaurus, fr. Gr.
(Paleon.)

Defn: A large Wealden dinosaur from the Tilgate Forest, England. It
was about twenty feet long, protected by bony plates in the skin, and
armed with spines.

HYLARCHICAL
Hy*lar"chi*cal, a. Etym: [Gr. hylarchique. See Archical.]

Defn: Presiding over matter. [Obs.] Hallywell.

HYLEOSAUR
Hy"le*o*saur", n.

Defn: Same as Hylæosaur.

HYLIC
Hyl"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to matter; material; corporeal; as, hylic
influences.

HYLICIST
Hy"li*cist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A philosopher who treats chiefly of matter; one who adopts or
teaches hylism.

HYLISM
Hy"lism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Metaph.)

Defn: A theory which regards matter as the original principle of
evil.

HYLOBATE
Hy"lo*bate, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of the genus Hylobates; a gibbon, or long-armed
ape. See Gibbon.

HYLODES
Hy*lo"des, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The piping frog (Hyla Pickeringii), a small American tree frog,
which in early spring, while breeding in swamps and ditches, sings
with high, shrill, but musical, notes.

HYLOISM
Hy"lo*ism, n.

Defn: Same as Hylotheism.

HYLOIST
Hy"lo*ist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Same as Hylotheist.

HYLOPATHISM
Hy*lop"a*thism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The doctrine that matter is sentient. Krauth-Fleming.

HYLOPATHIST
Hy*lop"a*thist, n.

Defn: One who believes in hylopathism.

HYLOPHAGOUS
Hy*loph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Eating green shoots, as certain insects do.

HYLOTHEISM
Hy"lo*the*ism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The doctrine of belief that matter is God, or that there is no
God except matter and the universe; pantheism. See Materialism.

HYLOTHEIST
Hy"lo*the*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in hylotheism.

HYLOZOIC
Hy`lo*zo"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to hylozoism.

HYLOZOISM
Hy`lo*zo"ism, n. Etym: [Gr. hylozoïsme.]

Defn: The doctrine that matter possesses a species of life and
sensation, or that matter and life are inseparable. [R.] Cudworth.

HYLOZOIST
Hy`lo*zo"ist, n.

Defn: A believer in hylozoism. A. Tucker.

HYMAR
Hy*mar", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wild ass of Persia.

HYMEN
Hy"men, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A fold of muscous membrane often found at the orifice of the
vagina; the vaginal membrane.

HYMEN
Hy"men, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Class Myth.)

Defn: A fabulous deity; according to some, the son of Apollo and
Urania, according to others, of Bacchus and Venus. He was the god of
marriage, and presided over nuptial solemnities.
Till Hymen brought his love-delighted hour, There dwelt no joy in
Eden's rosy bower. Campbell.

2. Marriage; union as if by marriage.
Hymen of element and race. Emerson.

HYMENEAL; HYMENEAN
Hy`me*ne"al, Hy`me*ne"an, a. Etym: [L. hymeneius, a., also Hymenaeus,
n., Hymen, Gr. hyménéal, hyménéen.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to marriage; as, hymeneal rites. Pope.

HYMENEAL; HYMENEAN
Hy`me*ne"al, Hy`me*ne"an, n.

Defn: A marriage song. Milton.

HYMENIUM
Hy*me"ni*um, n.; pl. L. Hymenia, E. Hymeniums. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Bot.)

Defn: The spore-bearing surface of certain fungi, as that on the
gills of a mushroom.

HYMENOGENY
Hy`me*nog"e*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The production of artificial membranes by contact of two
fluids, as albumin and fat, by which the globules of the latter are
surrounded by a thin film of the former.

HYMENOMYCETES
Hy`me*no*my*ce"tes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the great divisions of fungi, containing those species
in which the hymenium is completely exposed. M. J. Berkley.

HYMENOPHORE
Hy*men"o*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: That part of a fungus which is covered with the hymenium.

HYMENOPTER
Hy`me*nop"ter, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hyménoptère.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Hymenoptera.

HYMENOPTERA
Hy`me*nop"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive order of insects, including the bees, ants,
ichneumons, sawflies, etc.

Note: They have four membranous wings, with few reticulations, and
usually with a thickened, dark spot on the front edge of the anterior
wings. In most of the species, the tongue, or lingua, is converted
into an organ for sucking honey, or other liquid food, and the
mandibles are adapted for biting or cutting. In one large division
(Aculeata), including the bees, wasps, and ants, the females and
workers usually have a sting, which is only a modified ovipositor.

HYMENOPTERAL; HYMENOPTEROUS
Hy`me*nop"ter*al, Hy`me*nop"ter*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or characteristic of, the Hymenoptera; pertaining to the
Hymenoptera.

HYMENOPTERAN
Hy`me*nop"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Hymenoptera.

HYMN
Hymn, n. Etym: [OE. hympne, ympne, F. hymne, OF. also ymne, L.
hymnus, Gr. weave.]

Defn: An ode or song of praise or adoration; especially, a religious
ode, a sacred lyric; a song of praise or thankgiving intended to be
used in religious service; as, the Homeric hymns; Watts' hymns.
Admonishing one another in psalms and hymns. Col. iii. 16.
Where angels first should practice hymns, and string Their tuneful
harps. Dryden.
Hymn book, a book containing a collection of hymns, as for use in
churches; a hymnal.

HYMN
Hymn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hymned; p. pr. & vb. n. Hymning.] Etym:
[Cf. L. hymnire, Gr.

Defn: To praise in song; to worship or extol by singing hymns; to
sing.
To hymn the bright of the Lord. Keble.
Their praise is hymned by loftier harps than mine. Byron.

HYMN
Hymn, v. i.

Defn: To sing in praise or adoration. Milton.

HYMNAL
Hym"nal, n.

Defn: A collection of hymns; a hymn book.

HYMNIC
Hym"nic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hymnique.]

Defn: Relating to hymns, or sacred lyrics. Donne.

HYMNING
Hymn"ing, a.

Defn: Praising with hymns; singing. "The hymning choir." G. West.

HYMNING
Hymn"ing, n.

Defn: The singing of hymns. Milton.

HYMNIST
Hym"nist, n.

Defn: A writer of hymns.

HYMNODY
Hym"no*dy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Hymns, considered collectively; hymnology.

HYMNOGRAPHER
Hym*nog"ra*pher, n.

1. One who writes on the subject of hymns.

2. A writer or composed of hymns.

HYMNOGRAPHY
Hym*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. graphy.]

Defn: The art or act of composing hymns.

HYMNOLOGIST
Hym*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: A composer or compiler of hymns; one versed in hymnology.
Busby.

HYMNOLOGY
Hym*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. hymnologie.]

1. The hymns or sacred lyrics composed by authors of a particular
country or period; as, the hymnology of the eighteenth century; also,
the collective body of hymns used by any particular church or
religious body; as, the Anglican hymnology.

2. A knowledge of hymns; a treatise on hymns.

HYMPNE
Hymp"ne, n.

Defn: A hymn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HYNDRESTE
Hynd"reste, a.

Defn: See Hinderest. [Obs.]

HYNE
Hyne, n.

Defn: A servant. See Hine. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HYO-
Hy"o-. Etym: [See Hyod.]

Defn: A prexif used in anatomy, and generally denoting connection
with the hyoid bone or arch; as, hyoglossal, hyomandibular,
hyomental, etc.

HYOGANOIDEI
Hy`o*ga*noi"de*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Hyo-, and Canoidei.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of ganoid fishes, including the gar pikes and
bowfins.
 -- Hy`o*ga"noid, a.

HYOGLOSSAL
Hy`o*glos"sal, a. Etym: [Hyo- + Gr. (Anat.)
(a) Pertaining to or connecting the tongue and hyodean arch; as, the
hyoglossal membrane.
(b) Of or pertaining to the hyoglossus muscle.

HYOGLOSSUS
Hy`o*glos"sus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. hyo- hyo- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A flat muscle on either side of the tongue, connecting it with
the hyoid bone.

HYOID
Hy"oid, a. Etym: [Gr. hyoïde.]

1. Having the form of an arch, or of the Greek letter upsilon [

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the bony or cartilaginous arch which
supports the tongue. Sometimes applied to the tongue itself. Hyoid
arch (Anat.), the arch of cartilaginous or bony segments, which
connects the base of the tongue with either side of the skull.
 -- Hyoid bone (Anat.), the bone in the base of the tongue, the
middle part of the hyoid arch.

HYOID
Hy"oid, n.

Defn: The hyoid bone.

HYOIDEAL; HYOIDEAN
Hy*oid"e*al, Hy*oid"e*an, a.

Defn: Same as Hyoid, a.

HYOMANDIBULAR
Hy`o*man*dib"u*lar, a. Etym: [Hyo- + mandibular.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining both to the hyoidean arch and the mandible or lower
jaw; as, the hyomandibular bone or cartilage, a segment of the hyoid
arch which connects the lower jaw with the skull in fishes.
 -- n.

Defn: The hyomandibular bone or cartilage.

HYOMENTAL
Hy`o*men"tal, a. Etym: [Hyo- + mental of the chin.] (Anat.)

Defn: Between the hyoid bone and the lower jaw, pertaining to them;
suprahyoid; submaxillary; as, the hyomental region of the front of
the neck.

HYOPASTRON
Hy`o*pas"tron, n. Etym: [Hyo- + plastron.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The second lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called
also hyosternum.

HYOSCINE
Hy*os"cine, n. Etym: [See Hyoscyamus.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found with hyoscyamine (with which it is also
isomeric) in henbane, and extracted as a white, amorphous, semisolid
substance.

HYOSCYAMINE
Hy`os*cy"a*mine, n. Etym: [See Hyoscyamus.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found in henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), and regarded
as its active principle. It is also found with other alkaloids in the
thorn apple and deadly nightshade. It is extracted as a white
crystalline substance, with a sharp, offensive taste. Hyoscyamine is
isomeric with atropine, is very poisonous, and is used as a medicine
for neuralgia, like belladonna. Called also hyoscyamia, duboisine,
etc.

HYOSCYAMUS
Hy`os*cy"a*mus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of poisonous plants of the Nightshade family; henbane.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The leaves of the black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), used in
neuralgic and pectorial troubles.

HYOSTERNAL
Hy`o*ster"nal, a. Etym: [Hyo- + ternal.] (Anat.)
(a) Between the hyoid bone and the sternum, or pertaining to them;
infrahyoid; as, the hyosternal region of the neck.
(b) Pertaining to the hyosternum of turtles.

HYOSTERNUM
Hy`o*ster"num, n. Etym: [Hyo- + sternum.] (Anat.)

Defn: See Hyoplastron.

HYOSTYLIC
Hy`o*styl"ic, a. Etym: [Hyo- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the mandible suspended by the hyomandibular, or upper
part of the hyoid arch, as in fishes, instead of directly articulated
with the skull as in mammals; -- said of the skull.

HYP
Hyp, n.

Defn: An abbreviation of hypochonaria; -- usually in plural.
[Colloq.]
Heaven send thou hast not got the hyps. Swift.

HYP
Hyp, v. t.

Defn: To make melancholy. [Colloq.] W. Irving.

HYPAETHRAL; HYPETHRAL
Hy*pæ"thral, Hy*pe"thral, a. Etym: [L. hypaethrus in the open air,
uncovered, Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: Exposed to the air; wanting a roof; -- applied to a building or
part of a building. Gwilt.

HYPALLAGE
Hy*pal"la*ge, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: A figure consisting of a transference of attributes from their
proper subjects to other. Thus Virgil says, "dare classibus austros,"
to give the winds to the fleets, instead of dare classibus austris,
to give the fleets to the winds.
The hypallage, of which Virgil is fonder than any other writer, is
much the gravest fault in language. Landor.

HYPALLELOMORPH
Hyp`al*le"lo*morph, n.

Defn: See Allelomorph.

HYPANTHIUM
Hy*pan"thi*um, n.; pl. L. Hypanthia, E. Hypanthiums. Etym: [NL., fr.
Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A fruit consisting in large part of a receptacle, enlarged
below the calyx, as in the alycanthus, the rose hip, and the pear.

HYPAPOPHYSIS
Hy`pa*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. Hypapophyles. Etym: [NL. See Hypo-, and
Apophysis.] (Anat.)

Defn: A process, or other element, of a vertebra developed from the
ventral side of the centrum, as hæmal spines, and chevron bones.
 -- Hy`pa*po*phys"i*al, a.

HYPARTERIAL
Hy`par*te"ri*al, a. Etym: [Hypo- + arterial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated below an artery; applied esp. to the branches of the
bronchi given off below the point where the pulmonary artery crosses
the bronchus.

HYPASPIST
Hy*pas"pist, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A shield-bearer or armor-bearer. Mitford.

HYPAXIAL
Hy*pax"i*al, a. Etym: [Hypo- + axial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Beneath the axis of the skeleton; subvertebral; hyposkeletal.

HYPE
hype n.

Defn: Intense publicity for a future event, performed in a showy or
excessively dramatic manner suggesting an importance not justified by
the event; as, the hype surrounding the superbowl is usually
ludicrous.
[PJC]

HYPE
hype v. t.

1. to publicize [e.g. a product or a future event] insistently, in a
manner exaggerating the importance of; to promote flamboyantly.
[wns=1]
[WordNet 1.5]

2. To stimulate or excite (a person); --usually used with up, and
often in the passive form; as, she was all hyped up over her upcoming
wedding.
[PJC]

HYPER-
Hy"per-. Etym: [Gr. super, E. over. See Over, and cf. Super-.]

1. A prefix signifying over, above; as, hyperphysical, hyperthyrion;
also, above measure, abnormally great, excessive; as, hyperæmia,
hyperbola, hypercritical, hypersecretion.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix equivalent to super- or per-; as hyperoxide, or
peroxide. [Obs.] See Per-.

HYPERAEMIA
Hy`per*æ"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A superabundance or congestion of blood in an organ or part of
the body. Active hyperæmia, cognestion d%ue to increased flow of
blood to a part.
 -- Passive hyperæmia, interchange due to obstruction in the return
of blood from a part.
 -- Hy`per*æ"mic, a.

HYPERAESTHESIA
Hy`per*æs*the"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med. & Physiol.)

Defn: A state of exalted or morbidly increased sensibility of the
body, or of a part of it.
 -- Hy`per*æs*thet"ic, a.

HYPERAPOPHYSIS
Hy`per*a*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. Hyperapophyses. Etym: [NL. See Hyper-,
and Apophysis.] (Anat.)

Defn: A lateral and backward-projecting process on the dorsal side of
a vertebra.
 -- Hy`per*ap`o*phys"i*al, a.

HYPERASPIST
Hy`per*as"pist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who holds a shield over another; hence, a defender. [Obs.]
Chillingworth.

HYPERBATIC
Hy`per*bat"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an hyperbaton; transposed; inverted.

HYPERBATON
Hy*per"ba*ton, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: A figurative construction, changing or inverting the natural
order of words or clauses; as, "echoed the hills" for "the hills
echoed."
With a violent hyperbaton to transpose the text. Milton.

HYPERBOLA
Hy*per"bo*la, n. Etym: [Gr. i. e., of the angle which the cutting
plane makes with the base. See Hyperbole.] (Geom.)

Defn: A curve formed by a section of a cone, when the cutting plane
makes a greater angle with the base than the side of the cone makes.
It is a plane curve such that the difference of the distances from
any point of it to two fixed points, called foci, is equal to a given
distance. See Focus. If the cutting plane be produced so as to cut
the opposite cone, another curve will be formed, which is also an
hyperbola. Both curves are regarded as branches of the same
hyperbola. See Illust. of Conic section, and Focus.

HYPERBOLE
Hy*per"bo*le, n. Etym: [L., fr. GrHyper-, Parable, and cf.
Hyperbola.] (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech in which the expression is an evident
exaggeration of the meaning intended to be conveyed, or by which
things are represented as much greater or less, better or worse, than
they really are; a statement exaggerated fancifully, through
excitement, or for effect.
Our common forms of compliment are almost all of them extravagant
hyperboles. Blair.
Somebody has said of the boldest figure in rhetoric, the hyperbole,
that it lies without deceiving. Macaulay.

HYPERBOLIC; HYPERBOLICAL
Hy`per*bol"ic, Hy`per*bol"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. hyperbolicus, Gr.
hyperbolique.]

1. (Math.)

Defn: Belonging to the hyperbola; having the nature of the hyperbola.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: Relating to, containing, or of the nature of, hyperbole;
exaggerating or diminishing beyond the fact; exceeding the truth; as,
an hyperbolical expression. "This hyperbolical epitaph." Fuller.
Hyperbolic functions (Math.), certain functions which have relations
to the hyperbola corresponding to those which sines, cosines,
tangents, etc., have to the circle; and hence, called hyperbolic
sines, hyperbolic cosines, etc.
 -- Hyperbolic logarithm. See Logarithm.
 -- Hyperbolic spiral (Math.), a spiral curve, the law of which is,
that the distance from the pole to the generating point varies
inversely as the angle swept over by the radius vector.

HYPERBOLICALLY
Hy`per*bol"ic*al*ly, adv.

1. (Math.)

Defn: In the form of an hyperbola.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: With exaggeration; in a manner to express more or less than the
truth. Sir W. Raleigh.

HYPERBOLIFORM
Hy`per*bol"i*form, a. Etym: [Hyperbola + -form.]

Defn: Having the form, or nearly the form, of an hyperbola.

HYPERBOLISM
Hy*per"bo*lism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hyperbolisme.]

Defn: The use of hyperbole. Jefferson.

HYPERBOLIST
Hy*per"bo*list, n.

Defn: One who uses hyperboles.

HYPERBOLIZE
Hy*per"bo*lize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hyperbolized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hyperbolizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. hyperboliser.]

Defn: To speak or write with exaggeration. Bp. Montagu.

HYPERBOLIZE
Hy*per"bo*lize, v. t.

Defn: To state or represent hyperbolically. Fotherby.

HYPERBOLOID
Hy*per"bo*loid, n. Etym: [Hyperbola + -oid: cf. F. hyperboloïde.]
(Geom.)

Defn: A surface of the second order, which is cut by certain planes
in hyperbolas; also, the solid, bounded in part by such a surface.
Hyperboloid of revolution, an hyperboloid described by an hyperbola
revolving about one of its axes. The surface has two separate sheets
when the axis of revolution is the transverse axis, but only one when
the axis of revolution is the conjugate axis of the hyperbola.

HYPERBOLOID
Hy*per"bo*loid, a. (Geom.)

Defn: Having some property that belongs to an hyperboloid or
hyperbola.

HYPERBOREAN
Hy`per*bo"re*an, a. Etym: [L. hyperboreus, Gr. Boreas.]

1. (Greek Myth.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the region beyond the North wind, or to its
inhabitants.

2. Northern; belonging to, or inhabiting, a region in very far north;
most northern; hence, very cold; fright, as, a hyperborean coast or
atmosphere.
The hyperborean or frozen sea. C. Butler (1633).

HYPERBOREAN
Hy`per*bo"re*an, n.

1. (Greek Myth.)

Defn: One of the people who lived beyond the North wind, in a land of
perpetual sunshine.

2. An inhabitant of the most northern regions.

HYPERCARBURETED
Hy`per*car"bu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Having an excessive proportion of carbonic acid; -- said of
bicarbonates or acid carbonates. [Written also hypercarburetted.]

HYPERCATALECTIC
Hy`per*cat`a*lec"tic, a. Etym: [L. hypercatalecticus,
hypercatalectus, Gr. hypercatalectique. See Hyper-, and Catalectic.]
(Pros.)

Defn: Having a syllable or two beyond measure; as, a hypercatalectic
verse.

HYPERCHLORIC
Hy`per*chlo"ric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: See Perchloric.

HYPERCHROMATISM
Hy`per*chro"ma*tism, n.

Defn: The condition of having an unusual intensity of color.

HYPERCRITIC
Hy`per*crit"ic, n. Etym: [Pref. hyper- + critic: cf. F.
hypercritique.]

Defn: One who is critical beyond measure or reason; a carping critic;
a captious censor. "Hypercritics in English poetry." Dryden.

HYPERCRITIC
Hy`per*crit"ic, a.

Defn: Hypercritical.

HYPERCRITICAL
Hy`per*crit"ic*al, a.

1. Over critical; unreasonably or unjustly critical; carping;
captious. "Hypercritical readers." Swift.

2. Excessively nice or exact. Evelyn.

HYPERCRITICALLY
Hy`per*crit"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a hypercritical manner.

HYPERCRITICISE
Hy`per*crit"i*cise, v. t.

Defn: To criticise with unjust severity; to criticise captiously.

HYPERCRITICISM
Hy`per*crit"i*cism, n.

Defn: Excessive criticism, or unjust severity or rigor of criticism;
zoilism.

HYPERDICROTIC
Hy`per*di*crot"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Excessive dicrotic; as, a hyperdicrotic pulse.

HYPERDICROTISM
Hy`per*di"cro*tism, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: A hyperdicrotic condition.

HYPERDICROTOUS
Hy`per*di"cro*tous, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Hyperdicrotic.

HYPERDULIA
Hy`per*du*li"a, n. Etym: [Pref. hyper- + dulia: cf. F. hyperdulie.]
(R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Veneration or worship given to the Virgin Mary as the most
exalted of mere creatures; higher veneration than dulia. Addis &
Arnold.

HYPERDULY
Hy"per*du`ly, n.

Defn: Hyperdulia. [Obs.]

HYPERESTHESIA
Hy`per*es*the"si*a, n.

Defn: Same as Hyperæsthesia.

HYPERICUM
Hy*per"i*cum, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, generally with dotted leaves and yellow
flowers; -- called also St. John's-wort.

HYPERINOSIS
Hy`per*i*no"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A condition of the blood, characterized by an abnormally large
amount of fibrin, as in many inflammatory diseases.

HYPERION
Hy*pe"ri*on, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class Myth.)

Defn: The god of the sun; in the later mythology identified with
Apollo, and distinguished for his beauty.
So excellent a king; that was, to this, Hyperion to a satyr. Shak.

HYPERKINESIS
Hy`per*ki*ne"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Abnormally increased muscular movement; spasm.

HYPERKINETIC
Hy`per*ki*net"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to hyperkinesis.

HYPERMETAMORPHOSIS
Hy`per*met`a*mor"pho*sis, n. Etym: [Hyper- + metamorphosis.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of metamorphosis, in certain insects, in which the larva
itself undergoes remarkable changes of form and structure during its
growth.

HYPERMETER
Hy*per"me*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. hypermètre.]

1. (Pros.)

Defn: A verse which has a redundant syllable or foot; a
hypercatalectic verse.

2. Hence, anything exceeding the ordinary standard.
When a man rises beyond six foot, he is an hypermeter. Addison.

HYPERMETRICAL
Hy`per*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Having a redundant syllable; exceeding the common measure.
Hypermetrical verse (Gr. & Lat. Pros.), a verse which contains a
syllable more than the ordinary measure.

HYPERMETROPIA; HYPERMETROPY
Hy`per*me*tro"pi*a, Hy`per*met"ro*py, n. Etym: [NL. hypermetropia,
fr. Gr. Hypermeter.]

Defn: A condition of the eye in which, through shortness of the
eyeball or fault of the refractive media, the rays of light come to a
focus behind the retina; farsightedness; -- called also hyperopia.
Cf. Emmetropia.

Note: In hypermetropia, vision for distant objects, although not
better absolutely, is better than that for near objects, and hence,
the individual is said to be farsighted. It is corrected by the use
of convex glasses.
 -- Hy`per*me*trop"ic, a.

HYPERMYRIORAMA
Hy`per*myr`i*o*ra"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A show or exhibition having a great number of scenes or views.

HYPERNOEA
Hy`per*noe"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Abnormal breathing, due to slightly deficient arterialization
of the blood; -- in distinction from eupnoea. See Eupnoea, and
Dispnoea.

HYPEROARTIA
Hy`per*o*ar"ti*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of marsipobranchs including the lampreys. The
suckerlike moth contains numerous teeth; the nasal opening is in the
middle of the head above, but it does not connect with the mouth. See
Cyclostoma, and Lamprey.

HYPEROPIA
Hy`per*o"pi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Hypermetropia.
 -- Hy`per*op"tic, a.

HYPERORGANIC
Hy`per*or*gan"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. hyper- + organic.]

Defn: Higher than, or beyond the sphere of, the organic. Sir W.
Hamilton.

HYPERORTHODOXY
Hy`per*or"tho*dox`y, n.

Defn: Orthodoxy pushed to excess.

HYPEROTRETA
Hy`per*o*tre"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of marsipobranchs, including the Myxine or hagfish and
the genus Bdellostoma. They have barbels around the mouth, one tooth
on the plate, and a communication between tionnasal aperture and the
throat. See Hagfish. [Written also Hyperotreti.]

HYPEROXIDE
Hy`per*ox"ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound having a relatively large percentage of oxygen; a
peroxide. [Obs.]

HYPEROXYGENATED; HYPEROXYGENIZED
Hy`per*ox"y*gen*a`ted, Hy`per*ox"y*gen*ized, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined with a relatively large amount of oxygen; -- said of
higher oxides. [Obs.]

HYPEROXYMURIATE
Hy`per*ox`y*mu"ri*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A perchlorate. [Obs.]

HYPEROXYMURIATIC
Hy`per*ox`y*mu`ri*at"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Perchloric; as, hyperoxymuriatic acid. [Obs.]

HYPERPHYSICAL
Hy`per*phys"ic*al, a.

Defn: Above or transcending physical laws; supernatural.
Those who do not fly to some hyperphysical hypothesis. Sir W.
Hamilton.

HYPERPLASIA
Hy`per*pla"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med. & Biol.)

Defn: An increase in, or excessive growth of, the normal elements of
any part.

Note: Hyperplasia relates to the formation of new elements,
hypertrophy being an increase in bulk of preexisting normal elements.
Dunglison.

HYPERPLASTIC
Hy`per*plas"tic, a.

1. Of or pertaining to hyperplasia.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Tending to excess of formative action.

HYPERPYREXIA
Hy`per*py*rex"i*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Hyper-, and Pyrexia.] (Med.)

Defn: A condition of excessive fever; an elevation of temperature in
a disease, in excess of the limit usually observed in that disease.

HYPERSECRETION
Hy`per*se*cre"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: Morbid or excessive secretion, as in catarrh.

HYPERSENSIBILITY
Hy`per*sen`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: See Hyperæsthesia.

HYPERSPACE
Hy"per*space, n. Etym: [Pref. hyper- + space.] (Geom.)

Defn: An imagined space having more than three dimensions.

HYPERSTHENE
Hy"per*sthene, n. Etym: [Gr. hyperstène.] (Min.)

Defn: An orthorhombic mineral of the pyroxene group, of a grayish or
greenish black color, often with a peculiar bronzelike luster
(schiller) on the cleavage surface.

HYPERSTHENIC
Hy`per*sthen"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Composed of, or containing, hypersthene.

HYPERTHETICAL
Hy`per*thet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Exaggerated; excessive; hyperbolical. [Obs.]
Hyperthetical or superlative . . . expression. Chapman.

HYPERTHYRION
Hy`per*thyr"i*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: That part of the architrave which is over a door or window.

HYPERTROPHIC; HYPERTROPHICAL
Hy`per*troph"ic, Hy`per*troph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
hypertrophique.] (Med. & Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to hypertrophy; affected with, or tending to,
hypertrophy.

HYPERTROPHIED
Hy*per"tro*phied, a. (Med. & Biol.)

Defn: Excessively developed; characterized by hypertrophy.

HYPERTROPHY
Hy*per"tro*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. hypertrophie.] (Med. & Biol.)

Defn: A condition of overgrowth or excessive development of an organ
or part; -- the opposite of atrophy.

HYPHAE
Hy"phæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "yfh` a web.] (Bot.)

Defn: The long, branching filaments of which the mycelium (and the
greater part of the plant) of a fungus is formed. They are also found
enveloping the gonidia of lichens, making up a large part of their
structure.

HYPHEN
Hy"phen, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Hypo-.] (Print.)

Defn: A mark or short dash, thus [-], placed at the end of a line
which terminates with a syllable of a word, the remainder of which is
carried to the next line; or between the parts of many a compound
word; as in fine-leaved, clear-headed. It is also sometimes used to
separate the syllables of words.

HYPHEN
Hy"phen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hyphened; p. pr. & vb. n. Hyphening.]

Defn: To connect with, or separate by, a hyphen, as two words or the
parts of a word.

HYPHENATED
Hy"phen*a`ted, a.

Defn: United by hyphens; hyphened; as, a hyphenated or hyphened word.

HYPHOMYCETES
Hy`pho*my*ce"tes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the great division of fungi, containing those species
which have naked spores borne on free or only fasciculate threads. M.
J. Berkley.

HYPIDIOMORPHIC
Hy*pid`i*o*mor"phic, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + idiomorphic.]
(Crystallog.)

Defn: Partly idiomorphic; -- said of rock a portion only of whose
constituents have a distinct crystalline form.
 -- Hy*pid`i*o*mor"phic*al*ly, adv.

HYPINOSIS
Hyp`i*no"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A diminution in the normal amount of fibrin present in the
blood.

HYPNAGOGIC
Hyp`na*gog"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Leading to sleep; -- applied to the illusions of one who is
half asleep.

HYPNOBATE
Hyp"no*bate, n. Etym: [F., fr. Gr.

Defn: A somnambulist. [R.]

HYPNOCYST
Hyp"no*cyst, n. Etym: [Gr. cyst.] (Biol.)

Defn: A cyst in which some unicellular organisms temporarily inclose
themselves, from which they emerge unchanged, after a period of
drought or deficiency of food. In some instances, a process of spore
formation seems to occur within such cysts.

HYPNOGENIC
Hyp`no*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Relating to the production of hypnotic sleep; as, the so-called
hypnogenic pressure points, pressure upon which is said to cause an
attack of hypnotic sleep. De Watteville.

HYPNOLOGIST
Hyp*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in hypnology.

HYPNOLOGY
Hyp*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A treatise on sleep; the doctrine of sleep.

HYPNOSCOPE
Hyp"no*scope, n. [Gr.  + -scope.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the susceptibility of a person
to hypnotic influences.

HYPNOSIS
Hyp*no"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Supervention of sleep.

HYPNOTIC
Hyp*not"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. somnus, and E. somnolent: cf. F.
hypnotique.]

1. Having the quality of producing sleep; tending to produce sleep;
soporific.

2. Of or pertaining to hypnotism; in a state of hypnotism; liable to
hypnotism; as, a hypnotic condition.

HYPNOTIC
Hyp*not"ic, n.

1. Any agent that produces, or tends to produce, sleep; an opiate; a
soporific; a narcotic.

2. A person who exhibits the phenomena of, or is subject to,
hypnotism.

HYPNOTISM
Hyp"no*tism, n. Etym: [Gr. hypnotisme.]

Defn: A form of sleep or somnambulism brought on by artificial means,
in which there is an unusual suspension of some powers, and an
unusual activity of others. It is induced by an action upon the
nerves, through the medium of the senses, as in persons of very
feeble organization, by gazing steadly at a very bright object held
before the eyes, or by pressure upon certain points of the surface of
the body.

HYPNOTIZATION
Hyp`no*ti*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of producing hypnotism.

HYPNOTIZE
Hyp"no*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hypnotized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hypnotizing.]

Defn: To induce hypnotism in; to place in a state of hypnotism.

HYPNOTIZER
Hyp"no*ti`zer, n.

Defn: One who hypnotizes.

HYPNUM
Hyp"num, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The largest genus of true mosses; feather moss.

HYPO-
Hy"po-. Etym: [Gr. sub. See Sub-.]

1. A prefix signifying a less quantity, or a low state or degree, of
that denoted by the word with which it is joined, or position under
or beneath.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix denoting that the element to the name of which it is
prefixed enters with a low valence, or in a low state of oxidization,
usually the lowest, into the compounds indicated; as, hyposulphurous
acid.

HYPO
Hy"po, n.

Defn: Hypochondria. [Colloq.]

HYPO
Hy"po, n. Etym: [Abbrev. from hyposulphite.] (Photog.)

Defn: Sodium hyposulphite, or thiosulphate, a solution of which is
used as a bath to wash out the unchanged silver salts in a picture.
[Colloq.]

HYPOARIAN
Hy`po*a"ri*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a hypoarion.

HYPOARION
Hy`po*a"ri*on, n.; pl. Hypoaria. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: An oval lobe beneath each of the optic lobes in many fishes;
one of the inferior lobes. Owen.

HYPOBLAST
Hy"po*blast, n. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + -blast.] (Biol.)

Defn: The inner or lower layer of the blastoderm; -- called also
endoderm, entoderm, and sometimes hypoderm. See Illust. of
Blastoderm, Delamination, and Ectoderm.

HYPOBLASTIC
Hy`po*blas"tic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to, or connected with, the hypoblast; as, the hypoic
sac.

HYPOBOLE
Hy*pob"o*le, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure in which several things are mentioned that seem to
make against the argument, or in favor of the opposite side, each of
them being refuted in order.

HYPOBRANCHIAL
Hy`po*bran"chi*al, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + branchial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the segment between the basibranchial and the
ceratobranchial in a branchial arch.
 -- n.

Defn: A hypobranchial bone or cartilage.

HYPOCARP; HYPOCARPIUM
Hy"po*carp, Hy`po*car"pi*um, n. Etym: [NL. hypocarpium, fr. Gr.
(Bot.)

Defn: A fleshy enlargement of the receptacle, or for the stem, below
the proper fruit, as in the cashew. See Illust. of Cashew.

HYPOCARPOGEAN
Hy`po*car`po*ge"an, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Producing fruit below the ground.

HYPOCAUST
Hyp"o*caust, n. Etym: [L. hypocaustum, Gr. hypocauste.] (Anc. Arch.)

Defn: A furnace, esp. one connected with a series of small chambers
and flues of tiles or other masonry through which the heat of a fire
was distributed to rooms above. This contrivance, first used in bath,
was afterwards adopted in private houses.

HYPOCHLORITE
Hy`po*chlo"rite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of hypochlorous acid; as, a calcium hypochloride.

HYPOCHLOROUS
Hy`po*chlo"rous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + chlorous.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, chlorine having a valence lower
than in chlorous compounds. Hypochlorous acid (Chem.), an acid
derived from chlorine, not known in a pure state, but forming various
salts, called hypochlorites.

HYPOCHONDRES
Hy`po*chon"dres, n. pl. Etym: [F. hypocondres, formerly spely
hypochondres.]

Defn: The hypochondriac regions. See Hypochondrium.

HYPOCHONDRIA
Hy`po*chon"dri*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Hypochondriasis; melancholy; the blues.

HYPOCHONDRIAC
Hy`po*chon"dri*ac, a. Etym: [Gr. hypocondriaque, formerly spelt
hypochondriaque.]

1. Of or pertaining to hypochondria, or the hypochondriac regions.

2. Affected, characterized, or produced, by hypochondriasis.
Hypochondriac region (Anat.), a region on either side of the abdomen
beneath the cartilages of the false ribs, beside the epigastric, and
above the lumbar, region.

HYPOCHONDRIAC
Hy`po*chon"dri*ac, n.

Defn: A person affected with hypochondriasis.
He had become an incurable hypochondriac. Macaulay.

HYPOCHONDRIACAL
Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cal, a.

Defn: Same as Hypochondriac, 2.
 -- Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cal*ly, adv.

HYPOCHONDRIACISM
Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cism, n. (Med.)

Defn: Hypochondriasis. [R.]

HYPOCHONDRIASIS
Hy`po*chon"dri*a*sis, n. Etym: [NL. So named because supposed to have
its seat in the hypochondriac regions. See Hypochondriac,
Hypochondrium, and cf. Hyp, 1st Hypo.] (Med.)

Defn: A mental disorder in which melancholy and gloomy views torment
the affected person, particularly concerning his own health.

HYPOCHONDRIASM
Hy`po*chon"dri*asm, n. (Med.)

Defn: Hypochondriasis. [R.]

HYPOCHONDRIUM
Hy`po*chon"dri*um, n.; pl. L. Hypochondria, E. Hypochondriums. Etym:
[L., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Either of the hypochondriac regions.

HYPOCHONDRY
Hy`po*chon"dry, n.

Defn: Hypochondriasis.

HYPOCIST
Hyp"o*cist, n. Etym: [Gr. Cistus.]

Defn: An astringent inspissated juice obtained from the fruit of a
plant (Cytinus hypocistis), growing from the roots of the Cistus, a
small European shrub.

HYPOCLEIDIUM
Hy`po*clei"di*um, n.; pl. L. Hypocleida, E. Hypocleidiums. Etym:
[NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A median process on the furculum, or merrythought, of many
birds, where it is connected with the sternum.

HYPOCORISTIC
Hyp`o*co*ris"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Endearing; diminutive; as, the hypocoristic form of a name.
The hypocoristic or pet form of William. Dr. Murray.

HYPOCRATERIFORM
Hyp`o*cra*ter"i*form, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: hypocraterimorphous; salver-shaped. Wood.

HYPOCRATERIMORPHOUS
Hyp`o*cra*ter`i*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Salver-shaped; having a slender tube, expanding suddenly above
into a bowl-shaped or spreading border, as in the blossom of the
phlox and the lilac.

HYPOCRISY
Hy*poc"ri*sy, n.; pl. Hypocrisies. Etym: [OE. hypocrisie, ypocrisie,
OF. hypocrisie, ypocrisie, F. hypocrisie, L. hypocrisis, fr. Gr.
Hypo-, and Critic.]

Defn: The act or practice of a hypocrite; a feigning to be what one
is not, or to feel what one does not feel; a dissimulation, or a
concealment of one's real character, disposition, or motives;
especially, the assuming of false appearance of virtue or religion; a
simulation of goodness.
Hypocrisy is the necessary burden of villainy. Rambler.
Hypocrisy is the homage vice pays to virtue. La Rochefoucauld (Trans.
).

HYPOCRITE
Hyp"o*crite, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. hypocrita, Gr. Hypocrisy.]

Defn: One who plays a part; especially, one who, for the purpose of
winning approbation of favor, puts on a fair outside seeming; one who
feigns to be other and better than he is; a false pretender to virtue
or piety; one who simulates virtue or piety.
The hypocrite's hope shall perish. Job viii. 13.
I dare swear he is no hypocrite, but prays from his heart. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Deceiver; pretender; cheat. See Dissembler.

HYPOCRITELY
Hyp"o*crite*ly, adv.

Defn: Hypocritically. [R.] Sylvester.

HYPOCRITIC
Hyp`o*crit"ic, a.

Defn: See Hypocritical. Swift.

HYPOCRITICAL
Hyp`o*crit"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. hypocritique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a hypocrite, or to hypocrisy; as, a
hypocriticalperson; a hypocritical look; a hypocritical action.
Hypocritical professions of friendship and of pacific intentions were
not spared. Macaulay.
-- Hyp`o*crit"ic*al*ly, adv.

HYPOCRYSTALLINE
Hyp`o*crys"tal*line, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + crystalline.]
(Crystallog.)

Defn: Partly crystalline; -- said of rock which consists of crystals
imbedded in a glassy ground mass.

HYPOCYCLOID
Hy`po*cy"cloid, n. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + cycloid: cf. F.
hypocycloïde.] (Geom.)

Defn: A curve traced by a point in the circumference of a circle
which rolls on the concave side in the fixed circle. Cf. Epicycloid,
and Trochoid.

HYPODACTYLUM
Hyp`o*dac"ty*lum, n.; pl. -tyla. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The under side of the toes.

HYPODERM
Hyp"o*derm, n. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + -derm.] (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Hypoblast.

HYPODERMA
Hyp`o*der"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Hypo, and derma.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A layer of tissue beneath the epidermis in plants, and
performing the physiological function of strengthening the epidermal
tissue. In phanerogamous plants it is developed as collenchyma.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An inner cellular layer which lies beneath the chitinous
cuticle of arthropods, annelids, and some other invertebrates.

HYPODERMATIC
Hyp`o*der*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Hypodermic.
 -- Hyp`o*der*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

HYPODERMIC
Hyp`o*der"mic, a. Etym: [See Hypoderma.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the parts under the skin. Hypodermic
medication, the application of remedies under the epidermis, usually
by means of a small syringe, called the hypodermic syringe.
 -- Hyp`o*der"mic*al*ly, adv.

HYPODERMIS
Hyp`o*der"mis, n. Etym: [NL. See Hypo-, and Derma.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Hypoblast.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Hypoderma, 2.

HYPODICROTIC; HYPODICROTOUS
Hyp`o*di*crot"ic, Hyp`o*di"cro*tous, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Exhibiting retarded dicrotism; as, a hypodicrotic pulse curve.

HYPOGAEIC
Hyp`o*gæ"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. gai^a, gh^, earth.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, the peanut, or earthnut
(Arachis hypogæa). Hypogæic acid (Chem.), an acid in the oil of the
earthnut, in which it exists as a glyceride, and from which it is
extracted as a white, crystalline substance.

HYPOGASTRIC
Hyp`o*gas"tric, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hypogastrique. See Hypogastrium.]
(Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the hypogastrium or the hypogastric region.
Hypogastric region. (a) The lower part of the abdomen. (b) An
arbitrary division of the abdomen below the umbilical and between the
two iliac regions.

HYPOGASTRIUM
Hyp`o*gas"tri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The lower part of the abdomen.

HYPOGEAN
Hyp`o*ge"an, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Hypogeous. [Written also hypogæan.]

HYPOGENE
Hyp"o*gene, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + the root of Gr. hypogène.]
(Geol.)

Defn: Formed or crystallized at depths the earth's surface; -- said
of granite, gneiss, and other rocks, whose crystallization is
believed of have taken place beneath a great thickness of overlying
rocks. Opposed to epigene.

HYPOGEOUS
Hyp`o*ge"ous, a. Etym: [See Hypogean.] (Bot.)

Defn: Growing under ground; remaining under ground; ripening its
fruit under ground. [Written also hypogæous.]

HYPOGEUM
Hyp`o*ge"um, n.; pl. Hypogea. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Anc. Arch.)

Defn: The subterraneous portion of a building, as in amphitheaters,
for the service of the games; also, subterranean galleries, as the
catacombs.

HYPOGLOSSAL
Hyp`o*glos"sal, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Under the tongue; -- applied esp., in the higher vertebrates,
to the twelfth or last pair of cranial nerves, which are distributed
to the base of the tongue.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the hypoglossal nerves.

HYPOGNATOUS
Hy*pog"na*tous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the maxilla, or lower jaw, longer than the upper, as in
the skimmer.

HYPOGYN
Hyp"o*gyn, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An hypogynous plant.

HYPOGYNOUS
Hy*pog"y*nous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. hypogyne.] (Bot.)

Defn: Inserted below the pistil or pistils; -- said of sepals,
petals, and stamens; having the sepals, petals, and stamens inserted
below the pistil; -- said of a flower or a plant. Gray.

HYPOHYAL
Hy`po*hy"al, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Greek letter (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to one or more small elements in the hyoidean arch
of fishes, between the caratohyal and urohyal.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the hypohyal bones or cartilages.

HYPONASTIC
Hy`po*nas"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Exhibiting a downward convexity caused by unequal growth. Cf.
Epinastic.

HYPONASTY
Hy`po*nas"ty, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Downward convexity, or convexity of the inferior surface.

HYPONITRITE
Hy`po*ni"trite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of hyponitrous acid.

HYPONITROUS
Hy`po*ni"trous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + nitrous.] (Chem.)

Defn: Containing or derived from nitrogen having a lower valence than
in nitrous compounds. Hyponitrous acid (Chem.), an unstable nitrogen
acid, NOH, whose salts are produced by reduction of the nitrates,
although the acid itself is not isolated in the free state except as
a solution in water; -- called also nitrosylic acid.

HYPOPHARYNX
Hy`po*phar"ynx, n. Etym: [NL. See Hypo-, and Pharynx.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An appendage or fold on the lower side of the pharynx, in
certain insects.

HYPOPHOSPHATE
Hy`po*phos"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of hypophosphoric acid.

HYPOPHOSPHITE
Hy`po*phos"phite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of hypophosphorous acid.

HYPOPHOSPHORIC
Hy`po*phos*phor"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + phosphoric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, or containing, phosphorus in a
lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; as,
hypophosphoric acid. Hypophosphoric acid (Chem.), an acid, P2H4O6,
produced by the slow oxidation of moist phosphorus, and isolated only
as a solution in water. It is regarded as a condensation product of
one molecule of phosphoric acid with one of phosphorous acid, by
partial dehydration.

HYPOPHOSPHOROUS
Hy`po*phos"phor*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + phosphorous.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of
oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; as, hypophosphorous acid.
Hypophosphorous acid (Chem.) , an acid, H3PO2, whose salts are
produced by the action of barium hygrate on phosphorus. It may be
obtained from its water solution, by exaporation and freezing, as a
white crystalline substance. It is a powerful reducing agent.

HYPOPHYLLOUS
Hy*poph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Being or growing on the under side of a leaf, as the fruit dots
of ferns.

HYPOPHYSIAL
Hy`po*phys"i*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the hypophysis; pituitary.

HYPOPHYSIS
Hy*poph"y*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: See Pituitary body, under Pituitary.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Cataract.

HYPOPLASTRON
Hy`po*plas"tron, n.; pl. Hypoplastra. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + plastron.]
(Anat.)

Defn: The third lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called
also hyposternum.

HYPOPTILUM
Hy*pop"ti*lum, n.; pl. L. Hypoptila, E. Hypoptilums. Etym: [NL., fr.
Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An accessory plume arising from the posterior side of the stem
of the contour feathers of many birds; -- called also aftershaft. See
Illust. of Feather.

HYPORADIUS
Hy`po*ra"di*us, n.; pl. Hyporadii. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + radius.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the barbs of the hypoptilum, or aftershaft of a feather.
See Feather.

HYPORHACHIS
Hy`po*rha"chis, n.; pl. Hyporhachides. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The stem of an aftershaft or hypoptilum. [Written also
hyporachis.]

HYPOSKELETAL
Hy`po*skel"e*tal, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + skeletal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Beneath the endoskeleton; hypaxial; as, the hyposkeletal
muscles; -- opposed to episkeletal.

HYPOSPADIAS
Hy`po*spa"di*as, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A deformity of the penis, in which the urethra opens upon its
under surface.

HYPOSTASIS
Hy*pos"ta*sis, n.; pl. Hypostases. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Hypo-, and
Stand.]

1. That which forms the basis of anything; underlying principle; a
concept or mental entity conceived or treated as an existing being or
thing.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: Substance; subsistence; essence; person; personality; -- used
by the early theologians to denote any one of the three subdivisions
of the Godhead, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

Note: The Council of Alexandria (a.d. 362) defined hypostasis as
synonymous with person. Schaff-Herzog.

3. Principle; an element; -- used by the alchemists in speaking of
salt, sulphur, and mercury, which they considered as the three
principles of all material bodies.

4. (Med.)

Defn: That which is deposited at the bottom of a fluid; sediment.

HYPOSTASIZE
Hy*pos"ta*size, v. t.

Defn: To make into a distinct substance; to conceive or treat as an
existing being; to hypostatize. [R.]
The pressed Newtonians . . . refused to hypostasize the law of
gravitation into an ether. Coleridge.

HYPOSTATIC; HYPOSTATICAL
Hy`po*stat"ic, Hy`po*stat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. hypostatique.]

1. Relating to hypostasis, or substance; hence, constitutive, or
elementary.
The grand doctrine of the chymists, touching their three hypostatical
principles. Boyle.

2. Personal, or distinctly personal; relating to the divine
hypostases, or substances. Bp. Pearson.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Depending upon, or due to, deposition or setting; as,
hypostatic cognestion, cognestion due to setting of blood by
gravitation. Hypostatic union (Theol.), the union of the divine with
the human nature of Christ. Tillotson.

HYPOSTATICALLY
Hy`po*stat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a hypostatic manner.

HYPOSTATIZE
Hy*pos"ta*tize, v. t.

1. To make into, or regarded as, a separate and distinct substance.
Looked upon both species and genera as hypostatized universals. Pop.
Sci. Monthly.

2. To attribute actual or personal existence to. Sir W. Hamilton.

HYPOSTERNUM
Hy`po*ster"num, n.; pl. L. Hyposterna, E. Hyposternums. Etym: [Pref.
hypo- + sternum.] (Anat.)

Defn: See Hypoplastron.

HYPOSTOME; HYPOSTOMA
Hy"po*stome, Hy*pos"to*ma, n. Etym: [NL. hypostoma, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lower lip of trilobites, crustaceans, etc.

HYPOSTROPHE
Hy*pos"tro*phe, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
(a) The act of a patient turning himself.
(b) A relapse, or return of a disease.

HYPOSTYLE
Hy"po*style, a. Etym: [Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: Resting upon columns; constructed by means of columns; --
especially applied to the great hall at Karnak.

HYPOSULPHATE
Hy`po*sul"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of hyposulphuric acid.

HYPOSULPHITE
Hy`po*sul"phite, n. (Chem.)
(a) A salt of what was formerly called hyposulphurous acid; a
thiosulphate. [Obs.]
(b) A salt of hyposulphurous acid proper.

HYPOSULPHURIC
Hy`po*sul*phur"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + sulphuric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur in a lower state of
oxidation than in the sulphuric compounds; as, hyposulphuric acid.
Hyposulphuric acid, an acid, H2S2O6, obtained by the action of
manganese dioxide on sulphur dioxide, and known only in a watery
solution and in its salts; -- called also dithionic acid. See
Dithionic.

HYPOSULPHUROUS
Hy`po*sul"phur*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + sulphurous.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur, all, or a part, in a low
state of oxidation. Hyposulphurous acid. (a) Thiosulphuric acid.
[Obs.] (b) An acid, H2SO2, obtained by the reduction of sulphurous
acid. It is not obtained in the free state, but in an orange-yellow
water solution, which is a strong reducing and bleaching agent.
Called also hydrosulphurous acid.

HYPOTARSUS
Hy`po*tar"sus, n.; pl. Hypotarsi. Etym: [NL. See Hypo-, and Tarsus.]
(Anat.)

Defn: A process on the posterior side of the tarsometatarsus of many
birds; the calcaneal process.
 -- Hy`po*tar"sal, a.

HYPOTENUSE; HYPOTHENUSE
Hy*pot"e*nuse, Hy*poth"e*nuse, n. Etym: [L. hypotenusa, Gr. Subtend.]
(Geom.)

Defn: The side of a right-angled triangle that is opposite to the
right angle.

HYPOTHEC
Hy*poth"ec, n. Etym: [F. hypothèque. See Hypotheca.] (Scot. Law)

Defn: A landlord's right, independently of stipulation, over the
stocking (cattle, implements, etc.), and crops of his tenant, as
security for payment of rent.

HYPOTHECA
Hy`po*the"ca, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Hypothesis.] (Rom. Law)

Defn: An obligation by which property of a debtor was made over to
his creditor in security of his debt.

Note: It differed from pledge in regard to possession of the property
subject to the obligation; pledge requiring, simple hypotheca not
requiring, possession of it by the creditor. The modern mortgage
corresponds very closely with it. Kent.

HYPOTHECATE
Hy*poth"e*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hypothecated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hypothecating.] Etym: [LL. hypothecatus, p.p. of hypothecare to
pledge, fr. L. hypotheca pledge, security. See Hypotheca.] (Law)

Defn: To subject, as property, to liability for a debt or engagement
without delivery of possession or transfer of title; to pledge
without delivery of possession; to mortgage, as ships, or other
personal property; to make a contract by bottomry. See Hypothecation,
Bottomry.
He had found the treasury empty and the pay of the navy in arrear. He
had no power to hypothecate any part of the public revenue. Those who
lent him money lent it on no security but his bare word. Macaulay.

HYPOTHECATION
Hy*poth`e*ca"tion, n. Etym: [LL. hypothecatio.]

1. (Civ. Law)

Defn: The act or contract by which property is hypothecated; a right
which a creditor has in or to the property of his debtor, in virtue
of which he may cause it to be sold and the price appropriated in
payment of his debt. This is a right in the thing, or jus in re.
Pothier. B. R. Curtis.
There are but few cases, if any, in our law, where an hypothecation,
in the strict sense of the Roman law, exists; that is a pledge
without possession by the pledgee. Story.

Note: In the modern civil law, this contract has no application to
movable property, not even to ships, to which and their cargoes it is
most frequently applied in England and America. See Hypothecate. B.
R. Curtis. Domat.

2. (Law of Shipping)

Defn: A contract whereby, in consideration of money advanced for the
necessities of the ship, the vessel, freight, or cargo is made liable
for its repayment, provided the ship arrives in safety. It is usually
effected by a bottomry bond. See Bottomry.

Note: This term is often applied to mortgages of ships.

HYPOTHECATOR
Hy*poth"e*ca`tor, n. (Law)

Defn: One who hypothecates or pledges anything as security for the
repayment of money borrowed.

HYPOTHENAL; HYPOTHENAR
Hy*poth"e*nal, Hy*poth"e*nar, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + thenar.]
(Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the prominent part of the palm of the hand
above the base of the little finger, or a corresponding part in the
forefoot of an animal; as, the hypothenar eminence.

HYPOTHENAR
Hy*poth"e*nar, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The hypothenar eminence.

HYPOTHENUSAL
Hy*poth`e*nu"sal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to hypothenuse. [R.]

HYPOTHENUSE
Hy*poth"e*nuse, n.

Defn: Same as Hypotenuse.

HYPOTHESIS
Hy*poth"e*sis, n.; pl. Hypotheses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Hypo-,
Thesis.]

1. A supposition; a proposition or principle which is supposed or
taken for granted, in order to draw a conclusion or inference for
proof of the point in question; something not proved, but assumed for
the purpose of argument, or to account for a fact or an occurrence;
as, the hypothesis that head winds detain an overdue steamer.
An hypothesis being a mere supposition, there are no other limits to
hypotheses than those of the human imagination. J. S. Mill.

2. (Natural Science)

Defn: A tentative theory or supposition provisionally adopted to
explain certain facts, and to guide in the investigation of others;
hence, frequently called a working hypothesis.

Syn.
 -- Supposition; assumption. See Theory. Nebular hypothesis. See
under Nebular.

HYPOTHETIC; HYPOTHETICAL
Hy`po*thet"ic, Hy`po*thet"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. hypotheticus, Gr.
hypothétique.]

Defn: Characterized by, or of the nature of, an hypothesis;
conditional; assumed without proof, for the purpose of reasoning and
deducing proof, or of accounting for some fact or phenomenon.
Causes hypothetical at least, if not real, for the various phenomena
of the existence of which our experience informs us. Sir W. Hamilton.
Hypothetical baptism (Ch. of Eng.), baptism administered to persons
in respect to whom it is doubtful whether they have or have not been
baptized before. Hook.
 -- Hy`po*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. South.

HYPOTHETIST
Hy*poth"e*tist, n.

Defn: One who proposes or supports an hypothesis. [R.]

HYPOTRACHELIUM
Hy`po*tra*che"li*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Gorgerin.

HYPOTRICHA
Hy*pot"ri*cha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of ciliated Infusoria in which the cilia cover only
the under side of the body.

HYPOTROCHOID
Hy`po*tro"choid, n. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + trochoid.] (Geom.)

Defn: A curve, traced by a point in the radius, or radius produced,
of a circle which rolls upon the concave side of a fixed circle. See
Hypocycloid, Epicycloid, and Trochoid.

HYPOTYPOSIS
Hy`po*ty*po"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A vivid, picturesque description of scenes or events.

HYPOXANTHIN
Hy`po*xan"thin, n. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + xanthin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline, nitrogenous substance, closely related to
xanthin and uric acid, widely distributed through the animal body,
but especially in muscle tissue; -- called also sarcin, sarkin.

HYPOZOIC
Hy`po*zo"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: Anterior in age to the lowest rocks which contain organic
remains. Lyell.

HYPPISH
Hyp"pish, a. Etym: [From Hyp.]

Defn: Affected with hypochondria; hypped. [Written also hyppish.]

HYPPOGRIFF
Hyp"po*griff, n.

Defn: See Hyppogriff.

HYPSILOID
Hyp"si*loid, a. Etym: [From -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Resembling the Greek letter

HYPSOMETER
Hyp*som"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring heights by observation of
barometric pressure; esp., one for determining heights by
ascertaining the boiling point of water. It consists of a vessel for
water, with a lamp for heating it, and an inclosed thermometer for
showing the temperature of ebullition.

HYPSOMETRIC; HYPSOMETRICAL
Hyp`so*met"ric, Hyp`so*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to hypsometry.

HYPSOMETRY
Hyp*som"e*try, n.

Defn: That branch of the science of geodesy which has to do with the
measurement of heights, either absolutely with reference to the sea
level, or relatively.

HYPURAL
Hy*pu"ral, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Under the tail; -- applied to the bones which support the
caudal fin rays in most fishes.

HYRACOID
Hy"ra*coid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Hyracoidea.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Hyracoidea.

HYRACOIDEA
Hyr`a*coi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Hyrax, and oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of small hoofed mammals, comprising the single living
genus Hyrax.

HYRAX
Hy"rax, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any animal of the genus Hyrax, of which about four species are
known. They constitute the order Hyracoidea. The best known species
are the daman (H. Syriacus) of Palestine, and the klipdas (H.
capensis) of South Africa. Other species are H. arboreus and H.
Sylvestris, the former from Southern, and the latter from Western,
Africa. See Daman.

HYRCANIAN; HYRCAN
Hyr*ca"ni*an, Hyr"can, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Hyrcania, an ancient country or province of
Asia, southeast of the Caspian (which was also called the Hyracanian)
Sea. "The Hyrcan tiger." "Hyracanian deserts." Shak.

HYRSE
Hyrse, n. Etym: [G. hirse, OHG. hirsi.] (Bot.)

Defn: Millet.

HYRST
Hyrst, n.

Defn: A wood. See Hurst.

HYSON
Hy"son, n. Etym: [Chin. hi-tshun, lit., first crop, or blooming
spring.]

Defn: A fragrant kind of green tea. Hyson skin, the light and
inferior leaves separated from the hyson by a winnowing machine.
M'Culloch.

HYSSOP
Hys"sop, n. Etym: [OE. hysope, ysope, OF. ysope, F. hysope, hyssope,
L. hysopum, hyssopum, hyssopus, Gr. esov.]

Defn: A plant (Hyssopus officinalis). The leaves have an aromatic
smell, and a warm, pungent taste.

Note: The hyssop of Scripture is supposed to be a species of caper
(Capparis spinosa), but probably the name was used for several
different plants.

HYSTERANTHOUS
Hys`ter*an"thous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the leaves expand after the flowers have opened.
Henslow.

HYSTERESIS
Hys`te*re"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Physics)

Defn: A lagging or retardation of the effect, when the forces acting
upon a body are changed, as if from velocity or internal friction; a
temporary resistance to change from a condition previously invuced,
observed in magnetism, thermoelectricity, etc., on reversal of
polarity.

HYSTERETIC
Hys`ter*et"ic, a. (Elec.)

Defn: Of or pert. to hysteresis. -- Hysteretic constant, the
hysteretic loss in ergs per cubic centimeter per cycle.

HYSTERIA
Hys*te"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL.: cf. F. hystérie. See Hysteric.] (Med.)

Defn: A nervous affection, occurring almost exclusively in women, in
which the emotional and reflex excitability is exaggerated, and the
will power correspondingly diminished, so that the patient loses
control over the emotions, becomes the victim of imaginary
sensations, and often falls into paroxism or fits.

Note: The chief symptoms are convulsive, tossing movements of the
limbs and head, uncontrollable crying and laughing, and a choking
sensation as if a ball were lodged in the throat. The affection
presents the most varied symptoms, often simulating those of the
gravest diseases, but generally curable by mental treatment alone.

HYSTERIC; HYSTERICAL
Hys*ter"ic, Hys*ter"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. hystericus, Gr. utter, out.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to hysteria; affected, or troubled, with
hysterics; convulsive, fitful.
With no hysteric weakness or feverish excitement, they preserved
their peace and patience. Bancroft.

HYSTERICS
Hys*ter"ics, n. pl. (Med.)

Defn: Hysteria.

HYSTEROEPILEPSY
Hys`ter*o*ep"i*lep`sy, n. Etym: [Hysteria + epilepsy.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease resembling hysteria in its nature, and characterized
by the occurrence of epileptiform convulsions, which can often be
controlled or excited by pressure on the ovaries, and upon other
definite points in the body.
 -- Hys`ter*o*ep`i*lep"tic, a.

HYSTEROGENIC
Hys`ter*o*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Hysteria + root of Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Producing hysteria; as, the hysterogenicpressure points on the
surface of the body, pressure upon which is said both to produce and
arrest an attack of hysteria. De Watteville.

HYSTEROLOGY
Hys`ter*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. hystérologie.] (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which the ordinary course of thought is inverted in
expression, and the last put first; -- called also hysteron proteron.

HYSTERON PROTERON
Hys"te*ron prot"e*ron. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)
(a) A figure in which the natural order of sense is reversed;
hysterology; as, valet atque vivit, "he is well and lives."
(b) An inversion of logical order, in which the conclusion is put
before the premises, or the thing proved before the evidence.

HYSTEROPHYTE
Hys*ter"o*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant, like the fungus, which lives on dead or living organic
matter.
 -- Hys`ter*oph"y*tal, a.

HYSTEROTOMY
Hys`ter*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. hystérotomie.] (Med.)

Defn: The Cæsarean section. See under Cæsarean.

HYSTRICINE
Hys"tri*cine, a. Etym: [See Hystrix.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the porcupines.

HYSTRICOMORPHOUS
Hys`tri*co*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Hystrix + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or allied to, the porcupines; -- said of a group
(Hystricomorpha) of rodents.

HYSTRIX
Hys"trix, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of rodents, including the porcupine.

HYTHE
Hythe, n.

Defn: A small haven. See Hithe. [Obs.]

I

1. I, the ninth letter of the English alphabet, takes its form from
the Phoenician, through the Latin and the Greek. The Phoenician
letter was probably of Egyptian origin. Its original value was nearly
the same as that of the Italian I, or long e as in mete.
Etymologically I is most closely related to e, y, j, g; as in dint,
dent, beverage, L. bibere; E. kin, AS. cynn; E. thin, AS. ynne; E.
dominion, donjon, dungeon. In English I has two principal vowel
sounds: the long sound, as in pine, ice; and the short sound, as in
pîn. It has also three other sounds: (a) That of e in term, as in
thirst. (b) That of e in mete (in words of foreign origin), as in
machine, pique, regime. (c) That of consonant y (in many words in
which it precedes another vowel), as in bunion, million, filial,
Christian, etc. It enters into several digraphs, as in fail, field,
seize, feign. friend; and with o often forms a proper diphtong, as in
oil, join, coin.

See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 98-106.

Note: The dot which we place over the small or lower case i dates
only from the 14th century. The sounds of I and J were originally
represented by the same character, and even after the introduction of
the form J into English dictionaries, words containing these letters
were, till a comparatively recent time, classed together.

2. In our old authors, I was often used for ay (or aye), yes, which
is pronounced nearly like it.

3. As a numeral, I stands for 1, II for 2, etc.

I-
I-, prefix.

Defn: See Y-.

I
I, pron. [poss. My or Mine (; object. Me. pl. nom. We (; poss. Our or
Ours (; object. Us.] Etym: [OE. i, ich, ic, AS. ic; akin to OS. & D.
ik, OHG. ih, G. ich, Icel. ek, Dan. jeg, Sw. jag, Goth. ik, OSlav.
az', Russ. ia, W. i, L. ego, Gr. aham. sq. root179. Cf. Egoism.]

Defn: The nominative case of the pronoun of the first person; the
word with which a speaker or writer denotes himself.

IAMATOLOGY
I*am`a*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Med.)

Defn: Materia Medica; that branch of therapeutics which treats of
remedies.

IAMB
I"amb, n. Etym: [Cf. F. iambe. See Lambus.]

Defn: An iambus or iambic. [R.]

IAMBIC
I*am"bic, a. Etym: [L. iambicus, Gr. iambique.]

1. (Pros.)

Defn: Consisting of a short syllable followed by a long one, or of an
unaccented syllable followed by an accented; as, an iambic foot.

2. Pertaining to, or composed of, iambics; as, an iambic verse;
iambic meter. See Lambus.

IAMBIC
I*am"bic, n.

1. (Pros.)
(a) An iambic foot; an iambus.
(b) A verse composed of iambic feet.

Note: The following couplet consists of iambic verses.
Thy gen- | ius calls | thee not | to pur- | chase fame In keen | iam-
| bics, but | mild an- | agram. Dryden.

2. A satirical poem (such poems having been anciently written in
iambic verse); a satire; a lampoon.

IAMBICAL
I*am"bic*al, a.

Defn: Iambic. [Obs. or R.]

IAMBICALLY
I*am"bic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a iambic manner; after the manner of iambics.

IAMBIZE
I*am"bize, v. t. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To satirize in iambics; to lampoon. [R.]

IAMBUS
I*am"bus, n.; pl. L. Iambi, E. Iambuses. Etym: [L. iambus, Gr. jacere
to throw. Cf. Jet a shooting forth.] (Pros.)

Defn: A foot consisting of a short syllable followed by a long one,
as in âmans, or of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented
one, as invent; an iambic. See the Couplet under Iambic, n.

IANTHINA
I*an"thi*na, n.; pl. L. Ianthinæ, E. Ianthinas. Etym: [NL., fr. L.
ianthinus violet-blue, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any gastropod of the genus Ianthina, of which various species
are found living in mid ocean; -- called also purple shell, and
violet snail. [Written also janthina.]

Note: It floats at the surface by means of a raft, which it
constructs by forming and uniting together air bubbles of hardened
mucus. The Tyrian purple of the ancients was obtained in part from
mollusks of this genus.

IATRALIPTIC
I*a`tra*lip"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. iatraliptique.]

Defn: Treating diseases by anointing and friction; as, the
iatraliptic method. [Written also iatroleptic.]

IATRIC; IATRICAL
I*at"ric, I*at"ric*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to medicine, or to medical men.

IATROCHEMICAL
I*a`tro*chem"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to iatrochemistry, or to the iatrochemists.

IATROCHEMIST
I*a`tro*chem"ist, n. Etym: [Gr. chemist.]

Defn: A physician who explained or treated diseases upon chemical
principles; one who practiced iatrochemistry.

IATROCHEMISTRY
I*a`tro*chem"is*try, n.

Defn: Chemistry applied to, or used in, medicine; -- used especially
with reference to the doctrines in the school of physicians in
Flanders, in the 17th century, who held that health depends upon the
proper chemical relations of the fluids of the body, and who
endeavored to explain the conditions of health or disease by chemical
principles.

IATROMATHEMATICAL
I*a`tro*math`e*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to iatromathematicians or their doctrine.

IATROMATHEMATICIAN
I*a`tro*math`e*ma*ti"cian, n. Etym: [Gr. mathematician.] (Hist. Med.)

Defn: One of a school of physicians in Italy, about the middle of the
17th century, who tried to apply the laws of mechanics and
mathematics to the human body, and hence were eager student of
anatomy; -- opposed to the iatrochemists.

IBERIAN
I*be"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Iberia.

IBEX
I"bex, n.; pl. E. Ibexes, L. Ibices. Etym: [L., a kind of goat, the
chamois.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of wild goats having very large,
recurved horns, transversely ridged in front; -- called also
steinbok.

Note: The Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) is the best known. The Spanish, or
Pyrenean, ibex (C. Hispanica) has smoother and more spreading horns.

IBIDEM
I*bi"dem, adv. Etym: [L.]

Defn: In the same place; -- abbreviated ibid. or ib.

IBIS
I"bis, n. Etym: [L. ibis, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird of the genus Ibis and several allied genera, of the
family Ibidæ, inhabiting both the Old World and the New. Numerous
species are known. They are large, wading birds, having a long,
curved beak, and feed largely on reptiles.

Note: The sacred ibis of the ancient Egyptians (Ibis Æthiopica) has
the head and neck black, without feathers. The plumage of the body
and wings is white, except the tertiaries, which are lengthened and
form a dark purple plume. In ancient times this bird was extensively
domesticated in Egypt, but it is now seldom seen so far north. The
glossy ibis (Plegadis autumnalis), which is widely distributed both
in the Old World and the New, has the head and neck feathered, except
between the eyes and bill; the scarlet ibis (Guara rubra) and the
white ibis (G. alba) inhabit the West Indies and South America, and
are rarely found in the United States. The wood ibis (Tantalus
loculator) of America belongs to the Stork family (Ciconidæ). See
Wood ibis.

-IBLE
-i*ble

Defn: . See -able.

IBSENISM
Ib"sen*ism, n.

Defn: The dramatic practice or purpose characteristic of the writings
of Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906), Norwegian poet and dramatist, whose
best-known plays deal with conventional hypocrisies, the story in
each play thus developing a definite moral problem.

-IC
-ic. Etym: [L. -icus, Gr. ique.]

1. A suffix signifying, in general, relating to, or characteristic
of; as, historic, hygienic, telegraphic, etc.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A suffix, denoting that the element indicated enters into
certain compounds with its highest valence, or with a valence
relatively higher than in compounds where the name of the element
ends in -ous; as, ferric, sulphuric. It is also used in the general
sense of pertaining to; as, hydric, sodic, calcic.

ICARIAN
I*ca"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. Icarius, Gr.

Defn: Soaring too high for safety, like Icarus; adventurous in
flight.

ICE
Ice, n. Etym: [OE. is, iis, AS. is; aksin to D. ijs, G. eis, OHG. is,
Icel. iss, Sw. is, Dan. iis, and perh. to E. iron.]

1. Water or other fluid frozen or reduced to the solid state by cold;
frozen water. It is a white or transparent colorless substance,
crystalline, brittle, and viscoidal. Its specific gravity (0.92, that
of water at 4° C. being 1.0) being less than that of water, ice
floats.

Note: Water freezes at 32° F. or 0° Cent., and ice melts at the same
temperature. Ice owes its cooling properties to the large amount of
heat required to melt it.

2. Concreted sugar. Johnson.

3. Water, cream, custard, etc., sweetened, flavored, and artificially
frozen.

4. Any substance having the appearance of ice; as, camphor ice.
Anchor ice, ice which sometimes forms about stones and other objects
at the bottom of running or other water, and is thus attached or
anchored to the ground.
 -- Bay ice, ice formed in bays, fiords, etc., often in extensive
fields which drift out to sea.
 -- Ground ice, anchor ice.
 -- Ice age (Geol.), the glacial epoch or period. See under Glacial.
 -- Ice anchor (Naut.), a grapnel for mooring a vessel to a field of
ice. Kane.
 -- Ice blink Etym: [Dan. iisblink], a streak of whiteness of the
horizon, caused by the reflection of light from ice not yet in sight.
 -- Ice boat. (a) A boat fitted with skates or runners, and propelled
on ice by sails; an ice yacht. (b) A strong steamboat for breaking a
channel through ice.
 -- Ice box or chest, a box for holding ice; a box in which things
are kept cool by means of ice; a refrigerator.
 -- Ice brook, a brook or stream as cold as ice. [Poetic] Shak.
 -- Ice cream Etym: [for iced cream], cream, milk, or custard,
sweetened, flavored, and frozen.
 -- Ice field, an extensive sheet of ice.
 -- Ice float, Ice floe, a sheet of floating ice similar to an ice
field, but smaller.
 -- Ice foot, shore ice in Arctic regions; an ice belt. Kane.
 -- Ice house, a close-covered pit or building for storing ice.
 -- Ice machine (Physics), a machine for making ice artificially, as
by the production of a low temperature through the sudden expansion
of a gas or vapor, or the rapid evaporation of a volatile liquid.
 -- Ice master. See Ice pilot (below).
 -- Ice pack, an irregular mass of broken and drifting ice.
 -- Ice paper, a transparent film of gelatin for copying or
reproducing; papier glacé.
 -- Ice petrel (Zoöl.), a shearwater (Puffinus gelidus) of the
Antarctic seas, abundant among floating ice.
 -- Ice pick, a sharp instrument for breaking ice into small pieces.
 -- Ice pilot, a pilot who has charge of a vessel where the course is
obstructed by ice, as in polar seas; -- called also ice master.
 -- Ice pitcher, a pitcher adapted for ice water.
 -- Ice plow, a large tool for grooving and cutting ice. ice
sculpture = a sculpture carved from a block of ice, often used for
decorating restaurants. ice show an entertainment consisting of ice
skaters performing figure-skating on a sheet of ice, usually in an
arena, often accompanied by music.
 -- Ice sludge, bay ice broken small by the wind or waves; sludge.
 -- Ice spar (Min.), a variety of feldspar, the crystals of which are
very clear like ice; rhyacolite.
 -- Ice tongs, large iron nippers for handling ice.
 -- Ice water. (a) Water cooled by ice. (b) Water formed by the
melting of ice.
 -- Ice yacht. See Ice boat (above).
 -- To break the ice. See under Break.
 -- Water ice, a confection consisting of water sweetened, flavored,
and frozen.

ICE
Ice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Iced; p. pr. & vb. n. Icing.]

1. To cover with ice; to convert into ice, or into something
resembling ice.

2. To cover with icing, or frosting made of sugar and milk or white
of egg; to frost, as cakes, tarts, etc.

3. To chill or cool, as with ice; to freeze.

ICEBERG
Ice"berg`, n. Etym: [Prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. iisbierg, Sw.
isberg, properly, a mountain of ice. See Ice, and Berg.]

Defn: A large mass of ice, generally floating in the ocean.

Note: Icebergs are large detached portions of glaciers, which in cold
regions often project into the sea.

ICEBIRD
Ice"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Arctic sea bird, as the Arctic fulmar.

ICEBOUND
Ice"bound`, a.

Defn: Totally surrounded with ice, so as to be incapable of
advancing; as, an icebound vessel; also, surrounded by or fringed
with ice so as to hinder easy access; as, an icebound coast.

ICE-BUILT
Ice"-built`, a.

1. Composed of ice.

2. Loaded with ice. "Ice-built mountains." Gray.

ICED
Iced, a.

1. Covered with ice; chilled with ice; as, iced water.

2. Covered with something resembling ice, as sugar icing; frosted;
as, iced cake. Iced cream. Same as Ice cream, under Ice.

ICEFALL
Ice"fall`, n.

Defn: A frozen waterfall, or mass of ice resembling a frozen
waterfall. Coleridge.

ICELANDER
Ice"land*er, n.

Defn: A native, or one of the Scandinavian people, of Iceland.

ICELANDIC
Ice*lan"dic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Iceland; relating to, or resembling, the
Icelanders.

ICELANDIC
Ice*lan"dic, n.

Defn: The language of the Icelanders. It is one of the Scandinavian
group, and is more nearly allied to the Old Norse than any other
language now spoken.

ICELAND MOSS
Ice"land moss`. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of lichen (Cetraria Icelandica) found from the Arctic
regions to the North Temperate zone. It furnishes a nutritious jelly
and other forms of food, and is used in pulmonary complaints as a
demulcent.

ICELAND SPAR
Ice"land spar`. (Min.)

Defn: A transparent variety of calcite, the best of which is obtained
in Iceland. It is used for the prisms of the polariscope, because of
its strong double refraction. Cf. Calcite.

ICEMAN
Ice"man, n.; pl. Icemen (.

1. A man who is skilled in traveling upon ice, as among glaciers.

2. One who deals in ice; one who retails or delivers ice.

ICE PLANT
Ice" plant`. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), sprinkled with
pellucid, watery vesicles, which glisten like ice. It is native along
the Mediterranean, in the Canaries, and in South Africa. Its juice is
said to be demulcent and diuretic; its ashes are used in Spain in
making glass. Ice-skater = one who skates on ice wearing an ice
skate; esp. an athlete who performs athletic or artistic movements on
a sheet of ice, wearing ice skates; including speed skater and figure
skater

ICEQUAKE
Ice"quake`, n.

Defn: The crash or concussion attending the breaking up of masses of
ice, -- often due to contraction from extreme cold.

ICH
Ich, pron.

Defn: I. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Note: In the Southern dialect of Early English this is the regular
form. Cf. Ik.

ICHNEUMON
Ich*neu"mon, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any carnivorous mammal of the genus Herpestes, and family
Viverridæ. Numerous species are found in Asia and Africa. The
Egyptian species(H. ichneumon), which ranges to Spain and Palestine,
is noted for destroying the eggs and young of the crocodile as well
as various snakes and lizards, and hence was considered sacred by the
ancient Egyptians. The common species of India (H. griseus), known as
the mongoose, has similar habits and is often domesticated. It is
noted for killing the cobra.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any hymenopterous insect of the family Ichneumonidæ, of which
several thousand species are known, belonging to numerous genera.

Note: The female deposits her eggs upon, or in, the bodies of other
insects, such as caterpillars, plant lice, etc. The larva lives upon
the internal tissues of the insect in which it is parasitic, and
finally kills it. Hence, many of the species are beneficial to
agriculture by destroying noxious insects. Ichneumon fly. See
Ichneumon, 2.

ICHNEUMONIDAN
Ich`neu*mon"i*dan, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ichneumonidæ, or ichneumon flies.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Ichneumonidæ.

ICHNEUMONIDES
Ich`neu*mon"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Ichneumon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ichneumon flies.

ICHNITE
Ich"nite, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A fossil footprint; as, the ichnites in the Triassic sandstone.
Page.

ICHNOGRAPHIC; ICHNOGRAPHICAL
Ich`no*graph"ic, Ich`no*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
ichonographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to ichonography; describing a ground plot.

ICHNOGRAPHY
Ich*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. ichonographie.] (Drawing)

Defn: A horizontal section of a building or other object, showing its
true dimensions according to a geometric scale; a ground plan; a map;
also, the art of making such plans.

ICHNOLITE
Ich"no*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.]

Defn: A fossil footprint; an ichnite.

ICHNOLITHOLOGY
Ich`no*li*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -lith + -logy.]

Defn: Same as Ichnology. Hitchcock.

ICHNOLOGICAL
Ich`no*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ichnology.

ICHNOLOGY
Ich*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Geol.)

Defn: The branch of science which treats of fossil footprints.

ICHNOSCOPY
Ich*nos"co*py, n. Etym: [Gr. -scopy.]

Defn: The search for the traces of anything. [R.]

ICHOR
I"chor, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. ichor.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: An ethereal fluid that supplied the place of blood in the veins
of the gods.

2. A thin, acrid, watery discharge from an ulcer, wound, etc.

ICHORHAEMIA
I`chor*hæ"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Infection of the blood with ichorous or putrid substances.

ICHOROUS
I"chor*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ichoreux.]

Defn: Of or like ichor; thin; watery; serous; sanious.

ICHTHIDIN
Ich"thi*din, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A substance from the egg yolk of osseous fishes.

ICHTHIN
Ich"thin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous substance resembling vitellin, present in the egg
yolk of cartilaginous fishes.

ICHTHULIN
Ich"thu*lin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A substance from the yolk of salmon's egg.

ICHTHUS
Ich"thus, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: In early Christian and eccesiastical art, an emblematic fish,
or the Greek word for fish, which combined the initials of the Greek
words

ICHTHYIC
Ich"thy*ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, fishes.

ICHTHYOCOL; ICHTHYOCOLLA
Ich"thy*o*col, Ich`thy*o*col"la, n. Etym: [L. ichthyocolla, Gr.
ichthyocolle.]

Defn: Fish glue; isinglass; a glue prepared from the sounds of
certain fishes.

ICHTHYOCOPROLITE
Ich`thy*o*cop"ro*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. coprolite.] (Geol.)

Defn: Fossil dung of fishes.

ICHTHYODORULITE
Ich`thy*o*dor"u*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the spiny plates foundon the back and tail of certain
skates.

ICHTHYOGRAPHY
Ich`thy*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. graphy: cf. F. ichthyographie.]

Defn: A treatise on fishes.

ICHTHYOID; ICHTHYOIDAL
Ich"thy*oid, Ich`thy*oid"al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Somewhat like a fish; having some of the characteristics of
fishes; -- said of some amphibians.

ICHTHYOL
Ich"thy*ol, n. [Gr. , , a fish + (prob.) L. oleum oil; but cf.
Ichthyolite.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oily substance prepared by the dry distillation of a
bituminous mineral containing fossil fishes. It is used in medicine
as a remedy in some forms of skin diseases.

ICHTHYOLATRY
Ich`thy*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Worship of fishes, or of fish-shaped idols. Layard.

ICHTHYOLITE
Ich"thy*o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil fish, or fragment of a fish.

ICHTHYOLOGIC; ICHTHYOLOGICAL
Ich`thy*o*log"ic, Ich`thy*o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
ichthyologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to ichthyology.

ICHTHYOLOGIST
Ich`thy*ol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ichthyologiste.]

Defn: One versed in, or who studies, ichthyology.

ICHTHYOLOGY
Ich`thy*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. ichthyologie.]

Defn: The natural history of fishes; that branch of zoölogy which
relates to fishes, including their structure, classification, and
habits.

ICHTHYOMANCY
Ich"thy*o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. ichthyomancie.]

Defn: Divination by the heads or the entrails of fishes.

ICHTHYOMORPHA
Ich`thy*o*mor"pha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Urodela.

ICHTHYOMORPHIC; ICHTHYOMORPHOUS
Ich`thy*o*mor"phic, Ich`thy*o*mor"phous, a. Etym: [See
Ichthyomorpha.]

Defn: Fish-shaped; as, the ichthyomorphic idols of ancient Assyria.

ICHTHYOPHAGIST
Ich`thy*oph"a*gist, n. Etym: [See Ichthyophagous.]

Defn: One who eats, or subsists on, fish.

ICHTHYOPHAGOUS
Ich`thy*oph"a*gous, a. Etym: [L. ichthyophagus, Gr.

Defn: Eating, or subsisting on, fish.

ICHTHYOPHAGY
Ich`thy*oph"a*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. ichthyophagie.]

Defn: The practice of eating, or living upon, fish.

ICHTHYOPHTHALMITE
Ich`thy*oph*thal"mite, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: See Apophyllite. [R.]

ICHTHYOPHTHIRA
Ich`thy*oph*thi"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of copepod crustaceans, including numerous species
parasitic on fishes.

ICHTHYOPSIDA
Ich`thy*op"si*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A grand division of the Vertebrata, including the Amphibia and
Fishes.

ICHTHYOPTERYGIA
Ich`thy*op`te*ryg"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Ichthyopterygium.]
(Paleon.)

Defn: See Ichthyosauria.

ICHTHYOPTERYGIUM
Ich`thy*op`te*ryg"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The typical limb, or lateral fin, of fishes.

ICHTHYORNIS
Ich`thy*or"nis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of toothed birds found in the American
Cretaceous formation. It is remarkable for having biconcave vertebræ,
and sharp, conical teeth set in sockets. Its wings were well
developed. It is the type of the order Odontotormæ.

ICHTHYOSAUR
Ich"thy*o*saur, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ichthyosaure.] (Paleon.)

Defn: One of the Ichthyosaura.

ICHTHYOSAURIA
Ich`thy*o*sau"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Ichthyosaurus.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct order of marine reptiles, including Ichthyosaurus
and allied forms; -- called also Ichthyopterygia. They have not been
found later than the Cretaceous period.

ICHTHYOSAURIAN
Ich`thy*o*sau"ri*an, a. (Paleon.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ichthyosauria.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Ichthyosauria.

ICHTHYOSAURUS
Ich`thy*o*sau"rus, n.; pl. Ichthyosauri. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + say^ros a lizard.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of marine reptiles; -- so named from their
short, biconcave vertebræ, resembling those of fishes. Several
species, varying in length from ten to thirty feet, are known from
the Liassic, Oölitic, and Cretaceous formations.

ICHTHYOSIS
Ich`thy*o"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A disease in which the skin is thick, rough, and scaly; --
called also fishskin.
 -- Ich`thy*ot"ic, a.

ICHTHYOTOMIST
Ich`thy*ot"o*mist, n.

Defn: One skilled in ichthyotomy.

ICHTHYOTOMY
Ich`thy*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The anatomy or dissection of fishes. [R.]

ICHTHYS
Ich"thys, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Same as Ichthus.

ICICLE
I"ci*cle, n. Etym: [OE. isikel, AS. isgicel; is ice + gicel icicle;
akin to Icel. jökull; cf. Gael. eigh ice, Ir. aigh.]

Defn: A pendent, and usually conical, mass of ice, formed by freezing
of dripping water; as, the icicles on the eaves of a house.

ICICLED
I"ci*cled, a.

Defn: Having icicles attached.

ICILY
I"ci*ly, adv.

Defn: In an icy manner; coldly.
Faultily faultless, icily regular, splendidly null, Dead perfection,
no more. Tennyson.

ICINESS
I"ci*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being icy or very cold; frigidity.

ICING
I"cing, n.

Defn: A coating or covering resembling ice, as of sugar and milk or
white of egg; frosting.

ICKLE
Ic"kle, n. Etym: [OE. ikil. See Icicle.]

Defn: An icicle. [Prov. Eng.]

ICON
I"con, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: An image or representation; a portrait or pretended portrait.
Netherlands whose names and icons are published. Hakewill.

ICONICAL
I*con"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, images, pictures, or
representations of any kind.

ICONISM
I"con*ism, n. Etym: [L. iconismus, Gr. iconisme.]

Defn: The formation of a figure, representation, or semblance; a
delineation or description.
Some kind of apish imitations, counterfeit iconisms. Cudworth.

ICONIZE
I"con*ize, v. t. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To form an image or likeness of. [R.] Cudworth.

ICONOCLASM
I*con"o*clasm, n. Etym: [Cf. F. iconoclasme. See Iconoclast.]

Defn: The doctrine or practice of the iconoclasts; image breaking.

ICONOCLAST
I*con"o*clast, n. Etym: [Gr. iconoclaste.]

1. A breaker or destroyer of images or idols; a determined enemy of
idol worship.

2. One who exposes or destroys impositions or shams; one who attacks
cherished beliefs; a radical.

ICONOCLASTIC
I*con`o*clas"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the iconoclasts, or to image breaking.
Milman.

ICONODULE; ICONODULIST
I*con"o*dule, I*con"o*du`list, n. Etym: [Gr. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who serves images; -- opposed to an iconoclast. Schaff-
Herzog Encyc.

ICONOGRAPH
I*con"o*graph, n. [See Iconography.]

Defn: An engraving or other picture or illustration for a book.

ICONOGRAPHER
I`co*nog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: A maker of images. Fairholt.

ICONOGRAPHIC
I*con`o*graph"ic, a.

1. Of or pertaining to iconography.

2. Representing by means of pictures or diagrams; as, an icongraphic
encyclopædia.

ICONOGRAPHY
I`co*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. iconographie.]

1. The art or representation by pictures or images; the description
or study of portraiture or representation, as of persons; as, the
iconography of the ancients.

2. The study of representative art in general. Christian iconography,
the study of the representations in art of the Deity, the persons of
the Trinity, angels, saints, virtues, vices, etc.

ICONOLATER
I`co*nol"a*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. iconolâtre.]

Defn: One who worships images.

ICONOLATRY
I`co*nol"a*try, n. Etym: [See Iconolater.]

Defn: The worship of images as symbols; -- distinguished from
idolatry, the worship of images themselves.

ICONOLOGY
I`co*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. iconologie.]

Defn: The discussion or description of portraiture or of
representative images. Cf. Iconography.

ICONOMACHY
I`co*nom"a*chy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Hostility to images as objects of worship. [R.]

ICONOMANIA
I`co*no*ma"ni*a, n. [NL. See Icon, and Mania.]

Defn: A mania or infatuation for icons, whether as objects of
devotion, bric-a-brac, or curios.

ICONOMICAL
I`co*nom"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Opposed to pictures or images as objects of worship. [R.] Sir
T. Browne.

ICONOPHILIST
I`co*noph"i*list, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A student, or lover of the study, of iconography.

ICOSAHEDRAL
I`co*sa*he"dral, a. Etym: [See Icosahedron.] (Geom.)

Defn: Having twenty equal sides or faces.

ICOSAHEDRON
I`co*sa*he"dron, n. Etym: [Gr. (Geom.)

Defn: A solid bounded by twenty sides or faces. Regular icosahedron,
one of the five regular polyhedrons, bounded by twenty equilateral
triangules. Five triangules meet to form each solid angle of the
polyhedron.

ICOSANDRIA
I`co*san"dri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. icosandrie.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan class of plants, having twenty or more stamens
inserted in the calyx.

ICOSANDRIAN; ICOSANDROUS
I`co*san"dri*an, I`co*san"drous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to the class Icosandria; having twenty or more
stamens inserted in the calyx.

ICOSITETRAHEDRON
I`co*si*tet`ra*he"dron, n. Etym: [Gr. (Crystallog.)

Defn: A twenty-four-sided solid; a tetragonal trisoctahedron or
trapezohedron.

-ICS
-ics

Defn: . A suffix used in forming the names of certain sciences,
systems, etc., as acoustics, mathematics, dynamics, statistics,
politics, athletics.

Note: The names sciences ending in ics, as mathematics, mechanics,
metaphysics, optics, etc., are, with respect to their form, nouns in
the plural number. The plural form was probably introduced to mark
the complex nature of such sciences; and it may have been in
imitation of the use of the Greek plurals ics were construed with a
verb or a pronoun in the plural; but it is now generally considered
preferable to treat them as singular. In Greman we have die
Mathematik, die Mechanik, etc., and in French la metaphysique, la
optique, etc., corresponding to our mathematics, mechanics,
metaphysics, optics, etc.
Mathematics have for their object the consideration of whatever is
capable of being numbered or measured. John Davidson.
The citations subjoined will serve as examples of the best present
usage.
Ethics is the sciences of the laws which govern our actions as moral
agents. Sir W. Hamilton.
All parts of knowledge have their origin in metaphysics, and finally,
perhaps, revolve into it. De Quincey.
Mechanics, like pure mathematics, may be geometrical, or may be
analytical; that is, it may treat space either by a direct
consideration of its properties, or by a symbolical representation.
Whewell.

ICTERIC
Ic*ter"ic, n.

Defn: A remedy for the jaundice.

ICTERIC; ICTERICAL
Ic*ter"ic, Ic*ter"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. ictericus, Gr. ictérique.]

1. Pertaining to, or affected with, jaundice.

2. Good against the jaundice. Johnson.

ICTERITIOUS; ICTERITOUS
Ic`ter*i"tious, Ic*ter"i*tous, a.

Defn: Yellow; of the color of the skin when it is affected by the
jaundice.

ICTEROID
Ic"ter*oid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Of a tint resembling that produced by jaundice; yellow; as, an
icteroid tint or complexion.

ICTERUS
Ic"te*rus, n. Etym: [NL. See Icteric, a.] (Med.)

Defn: The jaundice.

ICTIC
Ic"tic, a. Etym: [L. ictus blow.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or caused by, a blow; sudden; abrupt. [R.] H.
Bushnell.

ICTUS
Ic"tus, n. Etym: [L., fr. icere, ictum, to strike.]

1. (Pros.)

Defn: The stress of voice laid upon accented syllable of a word. Cf.
Arsis.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A stroke or blow, as in a sunstroke, the sting of an insect,
pulsation of an artery, etc.

ICY
I"cy, a. [Compar. Icier; superl. Iciest.] Etym: [AS. isig. See Ice.]

1. Pertaining to, resembling, or abounding in, ice; cold; frosty.
"Icy chains." Shak. "Icy region." Boyle. "Icy seas." Pope.

2. Characterized by coldness, as of manner, influence, etc.;
chilling; frigid; cold.
Icy was the deportment with which Philip received these
demonstrations of affection. Motley.

ICY-PEARLED
I"cy-pearl`ed, a.

Defn: Spangled with ice.
Mounting up in icy-pearled car. Milton.

I'D
I'd

Defn: . A contraction from I would or I had.

ID
Id, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small fresh-water cyprinoid fish (Leuciscus idus or Idus
idus) of Europe. A domesticated variety, colored like the goldfish,
is called orfe in Germany.

IDALIAN
I*da"li*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Idalium, a mountain city in Cyprus, or to
Venus, to whom it was sacred. "Idalian Aphrodité." Tennyson.

IDE
Ide, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Id.

-IDE
-ide. (Chem.)

Defn: A suffix used to denote: (a) The nonmetallic, or negative,
element or radical in a binary compound; as, oxide, sulphide,
chloride. (b) A compound which is an anhydride; as, glycolide,
phthalide. (c) Any one of a series of derivatives; as, indogenide,
glucoside, etc.

IDEA
I*de"a, n.; pl. Ideas. Etym: [L. idea, Gr. wit: cf. F. idée. See
Wit.]

1. The transcript, image, or picture of a visible object, that is
formed by the mind; also, a similar image of any object whatever,
whether sensible or spiritual.
Her sweet idea wandered through his thoughts. Fairfax.
Being the right idea of your father Both in your form and nobleness
of mind. Shak.
This representation or likeness of the object being transmitted from
thence [the senses] to the imagination, and lodged there for the view
and observation of the pure intellect, is aptly and properly called
its idea. P. Browne.

2. A general notion, or a conception formed by generalization.
Alice had not the slightest idea what latitude was. L. Caroll.

3. Hence: Any object apprehended, conceived, or thought of, by the
mind; a notion, conception, or thought; the real object that is
conceived or thought of.
Whatsoever the mind perceives in itself, or as the immediate object
of perception, thought, or undersanding, that I call idea. Locke.

4. A belief, option, or doctrine; a characteristic or controlling
principle; as, an essential idea; the idea of development.
That fellow seems to me to possess but one idea, and that is a wrong
one. Johnson.
What is now "idea" for us How infinite the fall of this word, since
the time where Milton sang of the Creator contemplating his newly-
created world, -"how it showed . . . Answering his great idea," -to
its present use, when this person "has an idea that the train has
started," and the other "had no idea that the dinner would be so
bad!" Trench.

5. A plan or purpose of action; intention; design.
I shortly afterwards set off for that capital, with an idea of
undertaking while there the translation of the work. W. Irving.

6. A rational conception; the complete conception of an object when
thought of in all its essential elements or constituents; the
necessary metaphysical or constituent attributes and relations, when
conceived in the abstract.

7. A fiction object or picture created by the imagination; the same
when proposed as a pattern to be copied, or a standard to be reached;
one of the archetypes or patterns of created things, conceived by the
Platonists to have excited objectively from eternity in the mind of
the Deity.
Thence to behold this new-created world, The addition of his empire,
how it showed In prospect from his throne, how good, how fair,
Answering his great idea. Milton.

Note: "In England, Locke may be said to have been the first who
naturalized the term in its Cartesian universality. When, in common
language, employed by Milton and Dryden, after Descartes, as before
him by Sidney, Spenser, Shakespeare, Hooker, etc., the meaning is
Platonic." Sir W. Hamilton. Abstract idea, Association of ideas, etc.
See under Abstract, Association, etc.

Syn.
 -- Notion; conception; thought; sentiment; fancy; image; perception;
impression; opinion; belief; observation; judgment; consideration;
view; design; intention; purpose; plan; model; pattern. There is
scarcely any other word which is subjected to such abusive treatment
as is the word idea, in the very general and indiscriminative way in
which it is employed, as it is used variously to signify almost any
act, state, or content of thought.

IDEAL
I*de"al, a. Etym: [L. idealis: cf. F. idéal.]

1. Existing in idea or thought; conceptional; intellectual; mental;
as, ideal knowledge.

2. Reaching an imaginary standard of excellence; fit for a model;
faultless; as, ideal beauty. Byron.
There will always be a wide interval between practical and ideal
excellence. Rambler.

3. Existing in fancy or imagination only; visionary; unreal.
"Planning ideal common wealth." Southey.

4. Teaching the doctrine of idealism; as, the ideal theory or
philosophy.

5. (Math.)

Defn: Imaginary.

Syn.
 -- Intellectual; mental; visionary; fanciful; imaginary; unreal;
impracticable; utopian.

IDEAL
I*de"al, n.

Defn: A mental conception regarded as a standard of perfection; a
model of excellence, beauty, etc.
The ideal is to be attained by selecting and assembling in one whole
the beauties and perfections which are usually seen in different
individuals, excluding everything defective or unseemly, so as to
form a type or model of the species. Thus, the Apollo Belvedere is
the ideal of the beauty and proportion of the human frame. Fleming.
Beau ideal. See Beau ideal.

IDEALESS
I*de"a*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of an idea.

IDEALISM
I*de"al*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. idéalisme.]

1. The quality or state of being ideal.

2. Conception of the ideal; imagery.

3. (Philos.)

Defn: The system or theory that denies the existence of material
bodies, and teaches that we have no rational grounds to believe in
the reality of anything but ideas and their relations.

IDEALIST
I*de"al*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. idéaliste.]

1. One who idealizes; one who forms picturesque fancies; one given to
romantic expectations.

2. One who holds the doctrine of idealism.

IDEALISTIC
I*de`al*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to idealists or their theories.

IDEALITY
I`de*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Idealities (.

1. The quality or state of being ideal.

2. The capacity to form ideals of beauty or perfection.

3. (Phren.)

Defn: The conceptive faculty.

IDEALIZATION
I*de`al*i*za"tion, n.

1. The act or process of idealizing.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The representation of natural objects, scenes, etc., in such a
way as to show their most important characteristics; the study of the
ideal.

IDEALIZE
I*de"al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Idealized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Idealizing.]

1. To make ideal; to give an ideal form or value to; to attribute
ideal characteristics and excellences to; as, to idealize real life.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: To treat in an ideal manner. See Idealization, 2.

IDEALIZE
I*de"al*ize, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. idéaliser.]

Defn: To form ideals.

IDEALIZER
I*de"al*i`zer, n.

Defn: An idealist.

IDEALLY
I*de"al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ideal manner; by means of ideals; mentally.

IDEALOGIC
I*de`a*log"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an idealogue, or to idealization.

IDEALOGUE
I*de"a*logue, n. Etym: [Idea + -logue, as in theologue: cf. F.
idéologue.]

Defn: One given to fanciful ideas or theories; a theorist; a
spectator. [R.] Mrs. Browning.

IDEAT; IDEATE
I*de"at, I*de"ate, n. Etym: [LL. ideatum. See Idea.] (Metaph.)

Defn: The actual existence supposed to correspond with an idea; the
correlate in real existence to the idea as a thought or existence.

IDEATE
I*de"ate, v. t.

1. To form in idea; to fancy. [R.]
The ideated man . . . as he stood in the intellect of God. Sir T.
Browne.

2. To apprehend in thought so as to fix and hold in the mind; to
memorize. [R.]

IDEATION
I`de*a"tion, n.

Defn: The faculty or capacity of the mind for forming ideas; the
exercise of this capacity; the act of the mind by which objects of
sense are apprehended and retained as objects of thought.
The whole mass of residua which have been accumulated . . . all enter
now into the process of ideation. J. D. Morell.

IDEATIONAL
I`de*a"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, ideation.
Certain sensational or ideational stimuli. Blackw. Mag.

IDEM
I"dem, pron. or adj. Etym: [L.]

Defn: The same; the same as above; -- often abbreviated id.

IDENTIC
I*den"tic, a.

Defn: Identical. [Obs.] Hudibras.

IDENTICAL
I*den"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. identique. See Identity.]

1. The same; the selfsame; the very same; not different; as, the
identical person or thing.
I can not remember a thing that happened a year ago, without a
conviction . . . that I, the same identical person who now remember
that event, did then exist. Reid.

2. Uttering sameness or the same truth; expressing in the predicate
what is given, or obviously implied, in the subject; tautological.
When you say body is solid, I say that you make an identical
proposition, because it is impossible to have the idea of body
without that of solidity. Fleming.
Identical equation (Alg.), an equation which is true for all values
of the algebraic symbols which enter into it.

IDENTICALLY
I*den"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an identical manner; with respect to identity. "Identically
the same." Bp. Warburton. "Identically different." Ross.

IDENTICALNESS
I*den"tic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being identical; sameness.

IDENTIFIABLE
I*den"ti*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being identified.

IDENTIFICATION
I*den`ti*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. identification.]

Defn: The act of identifying, or proving to be the same; also, the
state of being identified.

IDENTIFY
I*den"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Identified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Identifying.] Etym: [Cf. F. identifier. See Identity, and -fy.]

1. To make to be the same; to unite or combine in such a manner as to
make one; to treat as being one or having the same purpose or effect;
to consider as the same in any relation.
Every precaution is taken to identify the interests of the people and
of the rulers. D. Ramsay.
Let us identify, let us incorporate ourselves with the people. Burke.

2. To establish the identity of; to prove to be the same with
something described, claimed, or asserted; as, to identify stolen
property.

IDENTIFY
I*den"ti*fy, v. i.

Defn: To become the same; to coalesce in interest, purpose, use,
effect, etc. [Obs. or R.]
An enlightened self-interest, which, when well understood, they tell
us will identify with an interest more enlarged and public. Burke.

IDENTISM
I*den"tism, n. Etym: [See Identity.] (Metaph.)

Defn: The doctrine taught by Schelling, that matter and mind, and
subject and object, are identical in the Absolute; -- called also the
system or doctrine of identity.

IDENTITY
I*den"ti*ty, n.; pl. Identities. Etym: [F. identité, LL. identitas,
fr. L. idem the same, from the root of is he, that; cf. Skr. idam
this. Cf. Item.]

1. The state or quality of being identical, or the same; sameness.
Identity is a relation between our cognitions of a thing, not between
things themselves. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. The condition of being the same with something described or
asserted, or of possessing a character claimed; as, to establish the
identity of stolen goods.

3. (Math.)

Defn: An identical equation.

IDEO-
I"de*o-

Defn: . A combining form from the Gr. idea.

IDEOGENICAL
I`de*o*gen"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or relating to ideology.

IDEOGENY
I`de*og"e*ny, n. Etym: [Ideo- + -geny, from the same root as Gr.
idéogénie.]

Defn: The science which treats of the origin of ideas.

IDEOGRAM
I*de"o*gram, n. Etym: [Ideo- + -gram; cf. F. idéograme.]

1. An original, pictorial element of writing; a kind of hieroglyph
expressing no sound, but only an idea.
Ideograms may be defined to be pictures intended to represent either
things or thoughts. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).
You might even have a history without language written or spoken, by
means of ideograms and gesture. J. Peile.

2. A symbol used for convenience, or for abbreviation; as, 1, 2, 3,
+, -,

3. A phonetic symbol; a letter.

IDEOGRAPH
I*de"o*graph, n.

Defn: Same as Ideogram.

IDEOGRAPHIC; IDEOGRAPHICAL
I`de*o*graph"ic, I`de*o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. idéographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an ideogram; representing ideas by symbols,
independently of sounds; as, 9 represents not the word "nine," but
the idea of the number itself.
 -- I`de*o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

IDEOGRAPHICS
I`de*o*graph"ics, n.

Defn: The system of writing in ideographic characters; also, anything
so written.

IDEOGRAPHY
I`de*og"ra*phy, n.

Defn: The representation of ideas independently of sounds, or in an
ideographic manner, as sometimes is done in shorthand writing, etc.

IDEOLOGICAL
I`de*o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. idéologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to ideology.

IDEOLOGIST
I`de*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who treats of ideas; one who theorizes or idealizes; one
versed in the science of ideas, or who advocates the doctrines of
ideology.

IDEOLOGY
I`de*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Ideo- + -logy: cf. F. idéologie.]

1. The science of ideas. Stewart.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: A theory of the origin of ideas which derives them exclusively
from sensation.

Note: By a double blunder in philosophy and Greek, idéologie . . .
has in France become the name peculiarly distinctive of that
philosophy of mind which exclusively derives our knowledge from
sensation. Sir W. Hamilton.

IDEO-MOTION
I`de*o-mo"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: An ideo-motor movement.

IDEO-MOTOR
I`de*o-mo"tor, a. Etym: [Ideo- + motor.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Applied to those actions, or muscular movements, which are
automatic expressions of dominant ideas, rather than the result of
distinct volitional efforts, as the act of expressing the thoughts in
speech, or in writing, while the mind is occupied in the composition
of the sentence. Carpenter.

IDES
Ides, n. pl. Etym: [L. idus: cf. F. ides.] (Anc. Rom. Calendar)

Defn: The fifteenth day of March, May, July, and October, and the
thirteenth day of the other months.
The ides of March remember. Shak.

Note: Eight days in each month often pass by this name, but only one
strictly receives it, the others being called respectively the day
before the ides, and so on, backward, to the eightth from the ides.

IDIO-
Id"i*o-

Defn: . A combining form from the Greek private, personal, peculiar,
distinct.

IDIOBLAST
Id"i*o*blast, n. Etym: [Ideo- + -blast.] (Bot.)

Defn: An individual cell, differing greatly from its neighbours in
regard to size, structure, or contents.

IDIOCRASIS
Id`i*o*cra"sis, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Idiocracy.

IDIOCRASY
Id`i*oc"ra*sy, n.; pl. Idiocrasies. Etym: [Idio- + Gr. idiocrasie.]

Defn: Peculiarity of constitution; that temperament, or state of
constitution, which is peculiar to a person; idiosyncrasy.

IDIOCRATIC; IDIOCRATICAL
Id`i*o*crat"ic, Id`i*o*crat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Peculiar in constitution or temperament; idiosyncratic.

IDIOCY
Id"i*o*cy, n. Etym: [From idiot; cf. Gr. Idiot, and cf. Idiotcy.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being an idiot; absence, or marked
deficiency, of sense and intelligence.
I will undertake to convict a man of idiocy, if he can not see the
proof that three angles of a triangle are equal to two right angles.
F. W. Robertson.

IDIOCYCLOPHANOUS
Id`i*o*cy*cloph"a*nous, a. Etym: [Idio- + Gr. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Same as Idiophanous.

IDIOELECTRIC
Id`i*o*e*lec"tric, a. Etym: [Idio- + electric: cf. F.
idioélectrique.] (Physics)

Defn: Electric by virtue of its own peculiar properties; capable of
becoming electrified by friction; -- opposed to anelectric.
 -- n.

Defn: An idioelectric substance.

IDIOGRAPH
Id"i*o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A mark or signature peculiar to an individual; a trade-mark.

IDIOGRAPHIC; IDIOGRAPHICAL
Id`i*o*graph"ic, Id`i*o*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an idiograph.

IDIOLATRY
Id`i*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Idio- + Gr.

Defn: Self-worship; excessive self-esteem.

IDIOM
Id"i*om, n. Etym: [F. idiome, L. idioma, fr. Gr. suus, and to E. so.]

1. The syntactical or structural form peculiar to any language; the
genius or cast of a language.
Idiom may be employed loosely and figuratively as a synonym of
language or dialect, but in its proper sense it signifies the
totality of the general rules of construction which characterize the
syntax of a particular language and distinguish it from other
tongues. G. P. Marsh.
By idiom is meant the use of words which is peculiar to a particular
language. J. H. Newman.
He followed their language [the Latin], but did not comply with the
idiom of ours. Dryden.

2. An expression conforming or appropriate to the peculiar structural
form of a language; in extend use, an expression sanctioned by usage,
having a sense peculiar to itself and not agreeing with the logical
sense of its structural form; also, the phrase forms peculiar to a
particular author.
Some that with care true eloquence shall teach, And to just idioms
fix our doubtful speech. Prior.
Sometimes we identify the words with the object -- though be courtesy
of idiom rather than in strict propriety of language. Coleridge.
Every good writer has much idiom. Landor.
It is not by means of rules that such idioms as the following are
made current: "I can make nothing of it." "He treats his subject
home." Dryden. "It is that within us that makes for righteousness."
M.Arnold. Gostwick (Eng. Gram. )

3. Dialect; a variant form of a language.

Syn.
 -- Dialect.
 -- Idiom, Dialect. The idioms of a language belong to its very
structure; its dialects are varieties of expression ingrafted upon it
in different localities or by different professions. Each county of
England has some peculiarities of dialect, and so have most of the
professions, while the great idioms of the language are everywhere
the same. See Language.

IDIOMATIC; IDIOMATICAL
Id`i*o*mat"ic, Id`i*o*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or conforming to, the mode of expression
peculiar to a language; as, an idiomatic meaning; an idiomatic
phrase.
 -- Id`i*o*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

IDIOMORPHIC
Id`i*o*morph"ic, a.

Defn: Idiomorphous.

IDIOMORPHOUS
Id`i*o*morph"ous, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Having a form of its own.

2. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Apperaing in distinct crystals; -- said of the mineral
constituents of a rock.

IDIOMUSCULAR
Id`i*o*mus"cu*lar, a. Etym: [Idio- + muscular.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Applied to a semipermanent contraction of a muscle, produced by
a mechanical irritant.

IDIOPATHETIC
Id`i*o*pa*thet"ic, a.

Defn: Idiopathic. [R.]

IDIOPATHIC; IDIOPATHICAL
Id`i*o*path"ic, Id`i*o*path"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. idiopathique.]
(Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to idiopathy; characterizing a disease arising
primarily, and not in consequence of some other disease or injury; --
opposed to symptomatic, sympathetic, and traumatic.
 -- Id`i*o*path"ic*al*ly, adv.

IDIOPATHY
Id`i*op"a*thy, n.; pl. Idiopathies. Etym: [Gr. idiopathie.]

1. A peculiar, or individual, characteristic or affection.
All men are so full of their own fancies and idiopathies, that they
scarce have the civility to interchange any words with a stranger.
Dr. H. More.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid state or condition not preceded or occasioned by any
other disease; a primary disease.

IDIOPHANOUS
Id`i*oph"a*nous, a. Etym: [Idio- + (Crystallog.)

Defn: Exhibiting interference figures without the aid of a
polariscope, as certain crystals.

IDIOPLASM
Id"i*o*plasm, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Idioplasma.

IDIOPLASMA
Id`i*o*plas"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: That portion of the cell protoplasm which is the seat of all
active changes, and which carries on the function of hereditary
transmission; -- distinguished from the other portion, which is
termed nutritive plasma. See Hygroplasm.

IDIOREPULSIVE
Id`i*o*re*pul"sive, a. Etym: [Idio- + repulsive.]

Defn: Repulsive by itself; as, the idiorepulsive power of heat.

IDIOSYNCRASY
Id`i*o*syn"cra*sy, n.; pl. Idiosyncrasies. Etym: [Gr. idiosyncrasie.
See Idiom, and Crasis.]

Defn: A peculiarity of physical or mental constitution or
temperament; a characteristic belonging to, and distinguishing, an
individual; characteristic susceptibility; idiocrasy; eccentricity.
The individual mind . . . takes its tone from the idiosyncrasies of
the body. I. Taylor.

IDIOSYNCRATIC; IDIOSYNCRATICAL
Id`i*o*syn*crat"ic, Id`i*o*syn*crat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of peculiar temper or disposition; belonging to one's peculiar
and individual character.

IDIOT
Id"i*ot, n. Etym: [F. idiot, L. idiota an uneducated, ignorant, ill-
informed person, Gr. Idiom.]

1. A man in private station, as distinguished from one holding a
public office. [Obs.]
St. Austin affirmed that the plain places of Scripture are sufficient
to all laics, and all idiots or private persons. Jer. Taylor.

2. An unlearned, ignorant, or simple person, as distinguished from
the educated; an ignoramus. [Obs.]
Christ was received of idiots, of the vulgar people, and of the
simpler sort, while he was rejected, despised, and persecuted even to
death by the high priests, lawyers, scribes, doctors, and rabbis. C.
Blount.

3. A human being destitute of the ordinary intellectual powers,
whether congenital, developmental, or accidental; commonly, a person
without understanding from birth; a natural fool; a natural; an
innocent.
Life . . . is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing. Shak.

4. A fool; a simpleton; -- a term of reproach.
Weenest thou make an idiot of our dame Chaucer.

IDIOTCY
Id"i*ot*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. Idiocy.]

Defn: Idiocy. [R.]

IDIOTED
Id"i*ot*ed, a.

Defn: Rendered idiotic; befooled. [R.] Tennyson.

IDIOTHERMIC
Id`i*o*ther"mic, a. Etym: [Idio- + thermic.]

Defn: Self-heating; warmed, as the body of animal, by process going
on within itself.

IDIOTIC; IDIOTICAL
Id`i*ot"ic, Id`i*ot"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. idioticus ignorant, Gr.
idiotique. See Idiot.]

1. Common; simple. [Obs.] Blackwall.

2. Pertaining to, or like, an idiot; characterized by idiocy;
foolish; fatuous; as, an idiotic person, speech, laugh, or action.

IDIOTICALLY
Id`i*ot"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a idiotic manner.

IDIOTICON
Id`i*ot"i*con, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Idiot.]

Defn: A dictionary of a peculiar dialect, or of the words and phrases
peculiar to one part of a country; a glossary.

IDIOTISH
Id"i*ot*ish, a.

Defn: Like an idiot; foolish.

IDIOTISM
Id"i*ot*ism, n. Etym: [F. idiotisme, L. idiotismus the way of fashion
of a private person, the common or vulgar manner of speaking, Gr.
Idiot.]

1. An idiom; a form, mode of expression, or signification, peculiar
to a language.
Scholars sometimes give terminations and idiotisms, suitable to their
native language, unto words newly invented. M. Hale.

2. Lack of knowledge or mental capacity; idiocy; foolishness.
Worse than mere ignorance or idiotism. Shaftesbury.
The running that adventure is the greatist idiotism. Hammond.

IDIOTIZE
Id"i*ot*ize, v. i.

Defn: To become stupid. [R.]

IDIOTRY
Id"i*ot*ry, n.

Defn: Idiocy. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

IDLE
I"dle, a. [Compar. Idler; superl. Idlest.] Etym: [OE. idel, AS. idel
vain, empty, useless; akin to OS. idal, D. ijdel, OHG. ital vain,
empty, mere, G. eitel, Dan. & Sw. idel mere, pure, and prob. to Gr.
Ether.]

1. Of no account; useless; vain; trifling; unprofitable; thoughtless;
silly; barren. "Deserts idle." Shak.
Every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof
in the day of judgment. Matt. xii. 36.
Down their idle weapons dropped. Milton.
This idle story became important. Macaulay.

2. Not called into active service; not turned to appropriate use;
unemployed; as, idle hours.
The idle spear and shield were high uphing. Milton.

3. Not employed; unoccupied with business; inactive; doing nothing;
as, idle workmen.
Why stand ye here all the day idle Matt. xx. 6.

4. Given rest and ease; averse to labor or employment; lazy;
slothful; as, an idle fellow.

5. Light-headed; foolish. [Obs.] Ford. Idle pulley (Mach.), a pulley
that rests upon a belt to tighten it; a pulley that only guides a
belt and is not used to transmit power.
 -- Idle wheel (Mach.), a gear wheel placed between two others, to
transfer motion from one to the other without changing the direction
of revolution.
 -- In idle, in vain. [Obs.] "God saith, thou shalt not take the name
of thy Lord God in idle." Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- Unoccupied; unemployed; vacant; inactive; indolent; sluggish;
slothful; useless; ineffectual; futile; frivolous; vain; trifling;
unprofitable; unimportant.
 -- Idle, Indolent, Lazy. A propensity to inaction is expressed by
each of these words; they differ in the cause and degree of this
characteristic. Indolent denotes an habitual love to ease, a settled
dislike of movement or effort; idle is opposed to busy, and denotes a
dislike of continuous exertion. Lazy is a stronger and more
contemptuous term than indolent.

IDLE
I"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Idled; p. pr. & vb. n. Idling.]

Defn: To lose or spend time in inaction, or without being employed in
business. Shak.

IDLE
I"dle, v. t.

Defn: To spend in idleness; to waste; to consume; -- often followed
by away; as, to idle away an hour a day.

IDLE-HEADED
I"dle-head`ed, a.

1. Foolish; stupid. [Obs.] "The superstitious idle-headed eld." Shak.

2. Delirious; infatuated. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

IDLENESS
I"dle*ness, n. Etym: [AS. idelnes.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being idle (in the various senses
of that word); uselessness; fruitlessness; triviality; inactivity;
laziness.

Syn.
 -- Inaction; indolence; sluggishness; sloth.

IDLE-PATED
I"dle-pat`ed, a.

Defn: Idle-headed; stupid. [Obs.]

IDLER
I"dler, n.

1. One who idles; one who spends his time in inaction; a lazy person;
a sluggard.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: One who has constant day duties on board ship, and keeps no
regular watch. Totten.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: An idle wheel or pulley. See under Idle.

IDLESS; IDLESSE
I"dless, I"dlesse, n.

Defn: Idleness. [Archaic] "In ydlesse." Spenser.
And an idlesse all the day Beside a wandering stream. Mrs. Browning.

IDLY
I"dly, adv.

Defn: In a idle manner; ineffectually; vainly; lazily; carelessly;
(Obs.) foolishly.

IDO
I"do (e"do), n.

Defn: An artificial international language, selected by the
"Delegation for the Adoption of an Auxillary International Language"
(founded at Paris in 1901), made public in 1907, and subsequently
greatly revised and extended by a permanent committee or "Academy."
It combines systematically the advantages of previous schemes with a
thoroughly logical word formation, and has neither accented constants
nor arbitrarily coined pronominal words. For each idea that root is
selected which is already most international, on the principle of the
"greatest facility for the greatest number of people." The word "Ido"
means in the language itself "offspring." The official name is:
"Linguo Internaciona di la Delegitaro (Sistema Ido)." --I"dism (#),
n. -- I"dist (#), n.

IDOCRASE
Id"o*crase, n. Etym: [Gr. idocrase.] (Min.)

Defn: Same as Vesuvianite.

IDOL
I"dol, n. Etym: [OE. idole, F. idole, L. idolum, fr. Gr. Wit, and cf.
Eidolon.]

1. An image or representation of anything. [Obs.]
Do her adore with sacred reverence, As th' idol of her maker's great
magnificence. Spenser.

2. An image of a divinity; a representation or symbol of a deity or
any other being or thing, made or used as an object of worship; a
similitude of a false god.
That they should not worship devils, and idols of gold. Rev. ix. 20.

3. That on which the affections are strongly (often excessively) set;
an object of passionate devotion; a person or thing greatly loved or
adored.
The soldier's god and people's idol. Denham.

4. A false notion or conception; a fallacy. Bacon.
The idols of preconceived opinion. Coleridge.

IDOLASTRE
I`do*las"tre, n. Etym: [OE., for idolatre.]

Defn: An idolater. [Obs.] Chaucer.

IDOLATER
I*dol"a*ter, n. Etym: [F. idolâtre: cf. L. idololatres, Gr.
Idolatry.]

1. A worshiper of idols; one who pays divine honors to images,
statues, or representations of anything made by hands; one who
worships as a deity that which is not God; a pagan.

2. An adorer; a great admirer.
Jonson was an idolater of the ancients. Bp. Hurd.

IDOLATRESS
I*dol"a*tress, n.

Defn: A female worshiper of idols.

IDOLATRICAL
I`do*lat"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. idolâtrique.]

Defn: Idolatrous. [Obs.]

IDOLATRIZE
I*dol"a*trize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Idolatrized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Idolatrizing.]

Defn: To worship idols; to pay idolatrous worship.

IDOLATRIZE
I*dol"a*trize, v. t.

Defn: To make in idol of; to idolize.

IDOLATROUS
I*dol"a*trous, a.

1. Of or pertaining to idolatry; partaking of the nature of idolatry;
given to idolatry or the worship of false gods; as, idolatrous
sacrifices.
[Josiah] put down the idolatrous priests. 2 Kings xxiii. 5.

2. Consisting in, or partaking of, an excessive attachment or
reverence; as, an idolatrous veneration for antiquity.

IDOLATROUSLY
I*dol"a*trous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a idolatrous manner.

IDOLATRY
I*dol"a*try, n.; pl. Idolatries. Etym: [F. idolâtrie, LL. idolatria,
L. idololatria, Fr. Gr.

1. The worship of idols, images, or anything which is not God; the
worship of false gods.
His eye surveyed the dark idolatries Of alienated Judah. Milton.

2. Excessive attachment or veneration for anything; respect or love
which borders on adoration. Shak.

IDOLISH
I"dol*ish, a.

Defn: Idolatrous. [Obs.] Milton.

IDOLISM
I"dol*ism, n.

Defn: The worship of idols. [Obs.]

IDOLIST
I"dol*ist, n.

Defn: A worshiper of idols. [Obs.] Milton.

IDOLIZE
I"dol*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Idolized; p. pr. & vb. n. Idolizing.]

1. To make an idol of; to pay idolatrous worship to; as, to idolize
the sacred bull in Egypt.

2. To love to excess; to love or reverence to adoration; as, to
idolize gold, children, a hero.

IDOLIZE
I"dol*ize, v. i.

Defn: To practice idolatry. [R.]
To idolize after the manner of Egypt. Fairbairn.

IDOLIZER
I"dol*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who idolizes or loves to the point of reverence; an
idolater.

IDOLOCLAST
I*dol"o*clast, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A breaker of idols; an iconoclast.

IDOLOGRAPHICAL
I*dol`o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Idol + -graph.]

Defn: Descriptive of idols. [R.] Southey.

IDOLOUS
I"dol*ous, a.

Defn: Idolatrous. [Obs.] Bale.

IDOLUM; IDOLON
I*do"lum, I*do"lon, n.; pl. Idola (#). [L. See Idol; cf. Eidolon.]

Defn: Appearance or image; a phantasm; a spectral image; also, a
mental image or idea.

IDONEOUS
I*do"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. idoneus.]

Defn: Appropriate; suitable; proper; fit; adequate. [R.]
An ecclesiastical benefice . . . ought to be conferred on an idoneous
person. Ayliffe.

IDORGAN
Id*or"gan, n. Etym: [Gr. organ.] (Biol.)

Defn: A morphological unit, consisting of two or more plastids, which
does not possess the positive character of the person or stock, in
distinction from the physiological organ or biorgan. See Morphon.

IDRIALINE; IDRIALITE
Id"ri*a*line, Id"ri*a*lite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. idrialine.] (Min.)

Defn: A bituminous substance obtained from the mercury mines of
Idria, where it occurs mixed with cinnabar.

IDUMEAN
Id`u*me"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ancient Idumea, or Edom, in Western Asia.
 -- n.

Defn: An inhabitant of Idumea, an Edomite.

IDYL
I"dyl, n. Etym: [L. idyllium, Gr. idylle. See Idol.]

Defn: A short poem; properly, a short pastoral poem; as, the idyls of
Theocritus; also, any poem, especially a narrative or descriptive
poem, written in an eleveted and highly finished style; also, by
extension, any artless and easily flowing description, either in
poetry or prose, of simple, rustic life, of pastoral scenes, and the
like. [Written also idyll.]
Wordsworth's solemn-thoughted idyl. Mrs. Browning.
His [Goldsmith's] lovely idyl of the Vicar's home. F. Harrison.

IDYLLIC
I*dyl"lic, a.

Defn: Of or belonging to idyls.

I. E.
I. e.

Defn: Abbreviation of Latin id est, that is.

IF
If, conj. Etym: [OE. if, gif, AS. gif; akin to OFries. ief, gef, ef,
OS. ef, of, D. of, or, whether, if, G. ob whether, if, OHG. oba, ibu,
Icel. ef, Goth. iba, ibai, an interrogative particle; properly a case
form of a noun meaning, doubt (cf. OHG. iba doubt, condition, Icel.
if, ef, ifi, efi), and therefore orig. meaning, on condition that.]

1. In case that; granting, allowing, or supposing that; --
introducing a condition or supposition.
Tisiphone, that oft hast heard my prayer, Assist, if OEdipus deserve
thy care. Pope.
If thou be the Son of God, command that these stones be made bread.
Matt. iv. 3.

2. Whether; -- in dependent questions.
Uncertain if by augury or chance. Dryden.
She doubts if two and two make four. Prior.
As if, But if. See under As, But.

I' FAITH
I' faith"

Defn: . In faith; indeed; truly. Shak.

IFERE
I*fere", a. Etym: [Corrupted fr. in fere.]

Defn: Together. [Obs.] Chaucer.

IGASURIC
Ig`a*su"ric, a. Etym: [See Igasurine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, nux vomica or St. Ignatius's
bean; as, igasuric acid.

IGASURINE
Ig`a*su"rine, n. Etym: [Malay igasura the nux vomica.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found in nux vomica, and extracted as a white
crystalline substance.

IGLOO
Ig"loo, n.

1. An Eskimo snow house.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cavity, or excavation, made in the snow by a seal, over its
breathing hole in the ice.

IGNATIUS BEAN
Ig*na"tius bean`. (Bot.)

Defn: See Saint Ignatius's bean, under Saint.

IGNEOUS
Ig"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. igneus, fr. ignis fire; allied to Skr. agni,
Lith. ugnis, OSlav. ogne.]

1. Pertaining to, having the nature of, fire; containing fire;
resembling fire; as, an igneous appearance.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Resulting from, or produced by, the action of fire; as, lavas
and basalt are igneous rocks.

IGNESCENT
Ig*nes"cent, a. Etym: [L. ignescens, p.pr. of ignescere to become
inflamed, fr. ignis fire: cf. F. ignescent.]

Defn: Emitting sparks of fire when struck with steel; scintillating;
as, ignescent stones.

IGNICOLIST
Ig*nic"o*list, n. Etym: [L. ignis fire + colere to worship.]

Defn: A worshiper of fire. [R.]

IGNIFEROUS
Ig*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. ignifer; ignis fire + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Producing fire. [R.] Blount.

IGNIFLUOUS
Ig*nif"lu*ous, a. Etym: [L. ignifluus; ignis fire + fluere to flow.]

Defn: Flowing with fire. [Obs.] Cockerman.

IGNIFY
Ig"ni*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ignified; p. pr. & vb. n. Ignifying.]
Etym: [L. ignis fire + -fy.]

Defn: To form into fire. [R.] Stukeley.

IGNIGENOUS
Ig*nig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. ignigenus; ignis fire + genere, ginere,
to beget, produce.]

Defn: Produced by the action of fire, as lava. [R.]

IGNIPOTENCE
Ig*nip"o*tence, n.

Defn: Power over fire. [R.]

IGNIPOTENT
Ig*nip"o*tent, a. Etym: [L. ignipotens; ignis fire + potens
powerful.]

Defn: Presiding over fire; also, fiery.
Vulcan is called the powerful ignipotent. Pope.

IGNIS FATUUS
Ig"nis fat"u*us; pl. Ignes fatui. Etym: [L. ignis fire + fatuus
foolish. So called in allusion to its tendency to mislead travelers.]

1. A phosphorescent light that appears, in the night, over marshy
ground, supposed to be occasioned by the decomposition of animal or
vegetable substances, or by some inflammable gas; -- popularly called
also Will-with-the-wisp, or Will-o'-the-wisp, and Jack-with-a-
lantern, or Jack-o'-lantern.

2. Fig.: A misleading influence; a decoy.
Scared and guided by the ignis fatuus of popular superstition. Jer.
Taylor.

IGNITE
Ig*nite", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ignited; p. pr. & vb. n. Igniting.]
Etym: [L. ignitus, p.p. of ignire to ignite, fr. ignis fire. See
Igneous.]

1. To kindle or set on fire; as, to ignite paper or wood.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: To subject to the action of intense heat; to heat strongly; --
often said of incombustible or infusible substances; as, to ignite
iron or platinum.

IGNITE
Ig*nite", v. i.

Defn: To take fire; to begin to burn.

IGNITIBLE
Ig*nit"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being ignited.

IGNITION
Ig*ni"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ignition.]

1. The act of igniting, kindling, or setting on fire.

2. The state of being ignited or kindled. Sir T. Browne.

IGNITOR
Ig*nit"or, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, produces ignition; especially, a
contrivance for igniting the powder in a torpedo or the like.
[Written also igniter.]

IGNIVOMOUS
Ig*niv"o*mous, a. Etym: [L. ignivomus; ignis fire + vomere 8vomit.]

Defn: Vomiting fire. [R.]

IGNOBILITY
Ig`no*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. ignobilitas: cf. F. ignobilité.]

Defn: Ignobleness. [Obs.] Bale.

IGNOBLE
Ig*no"ble, a. Etym: [L. ignobilis; pref. in- not + nobilis noble: cf.
F. ignoble. See In- not, and Noble, a.]

1. Of low birth or family; not noble; not illustrious; plebeian;
common; humble.
I was not ignoble of descent. Shak.
Her royal stock graft with ignoble plants. Shak.

2. Not honorable, elevated, or generous; base.
'T but a base, ignoble mind, That mounts no higher than a bird can
soar. Shak.
Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife. Gray.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Not a true or noble falcon; -- said of certain hawks, as the
goshawk.

Syn.
 -- Degenerate; degraded; mean; base; dishonorable; reproachful;
disgraceful; shameful; scandalous; infamous.

IGNOBLE
Ig*no"ble, v. t.

Defn: To make ignoble. [Obs.] Bacon.

IGNOBLENESS
Ig*no"ble*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being ignoble.

IGNOBLY
Ig*no"bly, adv.

Defn: In an ignoble manner; basely.

IGNOMINIOUS
Ig`no*min"i*ous, a. Etym: [L. ignominiosus: cf. F. ignominieux.]

1. Marked with ignominy; in curring public disgrace; dishonorable;
shameful.
Then first with fear surprised and sense of pain, Fled ignominious.
Milton.

2. Deserving ignominy; despicable.
One single, obscure, ignominious projector. Swift.

3. Humiliating; degrading; as, an ignominious judgment or sentence.
Macaulay.

IGNOMINIOUSLY
Ig`no*min"i*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ignominious manner; disgracefully; shamefully;
ingloriously.

IGNOMINY
Ig"no*min*y, n.; pl. Ignominies. Etym: [L. ignominia ignominy (i.e.,
a deprivation of one's good name); in- not + nomen name: cf. F.
ignominie. See In- not, and Name.]

1. Public disgrace or dishonor; reproach; infamy.
Their generals have been received with honor after their defeat;
yours with ignominy after conquest. Addison.
Vice begins in mistake, and ends in ignominy. Rambler.
Ignominy is the infliction of such evil as is made dishonorable, or
the deprivation of such good as is made honorable by the Common
wealth. Hobbes.

2. An act deserving disgrace; an infamous act.

Syn.
 -- Opprobrium; reproach; dishonor.

IGNOMY
Ig"no*my, n.

Defn: Ignominy. [R. & Obs.]
I blush to think upon this ignomy. Shak.

IGNORAMUS
Ig`no*ra"mus, n. Etym: [L., we are ignorant. See Ignore.]

1. (Law)

Defn: We are ignorant; we ignore; -- being the word formerly written
on a bill of indictment by a grand jury when there was not sufficient
evidence to warrant them in finding it a true bill. The phrase now
used is, "No bill," "No true bill," or "Not found," though in some
jurisdictions "Ignored" is still used. Wharton (Law Dict. ). Burn.

2. (pl. Ignoramuses (.)

Defn: A stupid, ignorant person; a vain pretender to knowledge; a
dunce.
An ignoramus in place and power. South.

IGNORANCE
Ig"no*rance, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. ignorantia.]

1. The condition of being ignorant; the want of knowledge in general,
or in relation to a particular subject; the state of being uneducated
or uninformed.
Ignorance is the curse of God, Knowledge the wing wherewith we fly to
heaven. Shak.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: A willful neglect or refusal to acquire knowledge which one may
acquire and it is his duty to have. Book of Common Prayer. Invincible
ignorance (Theol.), ignorance beyond the individual's control and for
which, therefore, he is not responsible before God.

IGNORANT
Ig"no*rant, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. ignorans, -antis, p.pr. of ignorare
to be ignorant. See Ignore.]

1. Destitute of knowledge; uninstructed or uninformed; untaught;
unenlightened.
He that doth not know those things which are of use for him to know,
is but an ignorant man, whatever he may know besides. Tillotson.

2. Unacquainted with; unconscious or unaware; -- used with of.
Ignorant of guilt, I fear not shame. Dryden.

3. Unknown; undiscovered. [Obs.]
Ignorant concealment. Shak.
Alas, what ignorant sin have I committed Shak.

4. Resulting from ignorance; foolish; silly.
His shipping, Poor ignorant baubles! -- on our terrible seas, Like
eggshells moved. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Uninstructed; untaught; unenlightened; uninformed; unlearned;
unlettered; illiterate.
 -- Ignorant, Illiterate. Ignorant denotes want of knowledge, either
as to single subject or information in general; illiterate refers to
an ignorance of letters, or of knowledge acquired by reading and
study. In the Middle Ages, a great proportion of the higher classes
were illiterate, and yet were far from being ignorant, especially in
regard to war and other active pursuits.
In such business Action is eloquence, and the eyes of the ignorant
More learned than the ears. Shak.
In the first ages of Christianity, not only the learned and the wise,
but the ignorant and illiterate, embraced torments and death.
Tillotson.

IGNORANT
Ig"no*rant, n.

Defn: A person untaught or uninformed; one unlettered or unskilled;
an ignoramous.
Did I for this take pains to teach Our zealous ignorants to preach
Denham.

IGNORANTISM
Ig"no*rant*ism, n.

Defn: The spirit of those who extol the advantage to ignorance;
obscuriantism.

IGNORANTIST
Ig"no*rant*ist, n.

Defn: One opposed to the diffusion of knowledge; an obscuriantist.

IGNORANTLY
Ig"no*rant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a ignorant manner; without knowledge; inadvertently.
Whom therefoer ye ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you. Acts
xvii. 23.

IGNORE
Ig*nore", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ignored; p. pr. & vb. n. Ignoring.]
Etym: [L. ignorare; pref. in- not + the root of gnarus knowing,
noscere to become acquainted with. See Know, and cf. Narrate.]

1. To be ignorant of or not acquainted with. [Archaic]
Philosophy would solidly be established, if men would more carefully
distinguish those things that they know from those that they ignore.
Boyle.

2. (Law)

Defn: To throw out or reject as false or ungrounded; -- said of a
bill rejected by a grand jury for want of evidence. See Ignoramus.

3. Hence: To refuse to take notice of; to shut the eyes to; not to
recognize; to disregard willfully and causelessly; as, to ignore
certain facts; to ignore the presence of an objectionable person.
Ignoring Italy under our feet, And seeing things before, behind. Mrs.
Browning.

IGNOSCIBLE
Ig*nos"ci*ble, a. Etym: [L. ignoscibilis, fr. ignoscere to pardon,
lit., not to wish to know; pref. in- not + gnoscere, noscere, to
learn to know. See In- not, and Know.]

Defn: Pardonable. [Obs.] Bailey.

IGNOTE
Ig*note", a. Etym: [L. ignotus; pref. in- not + gnotus, notus, known,
p.p. of gnocere, nocere, to learn to know.]

Defn: Unknown. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys.
 -- n.

Defn: One who is unknown. Bp. Hacket.

IGUANA
I*gua"na, n. Etym: [Sp. iguana, from the native name in Hayti. Cf.
Guana.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of the genus Iguana, a genus of large American
lizards of the family Iguanidæ. They are arboreal in their habits,
usually green in color, and feed chiefly upon fruits.

Note: The common iguana (I. tuberculata) of the West Indies and South
America is sometimes five feet long. Its flesh is highly prized as
food. The horned iguana (I. cornuta) has a conical horn between the
eyes.

IGUANIAN
I*gua"ni*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling, or pertaining to, the iguana.

IGUANID
I*gua"nid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Iguanoid.

IGUANODON
I*gua"no*don, n. Etym: [Iguana + Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of gigantic herbivorous dinosaurs having a birdlike
pelvis and large hind legs with three-toed feet capable of supporting
the entire body. Its teeth resemble those of the iguana, whence its
name. Several species are known, mostly from the Wealden of England
and Europe. See Illustration in Appendix.

IGUANODONT
I*gua"no*dont, a. (Paleon.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the genus Iguanodon.

IGUANOID
I*gua"noid, a. Etym: [Iguana + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Iguanidæ.

IHLANG-IHLANG
Ih*lang`-ih*lang", n. Etym: [Malayan, flower of flowers.]

Defn: A rich, powerful, perfume, obtained from the volatile oil of
the flowers of Canada odorata, an East Indian tree. [Also written
ylang-ylang.]

IHRAM
Ih*ram", n.

Defn: The peculiar dress worn by pilgrims to Mecca.

IHVH
IHVH. [Written also JHVH, YHVH.]

Defn: A transliteration of the four constants forming the Hebrew
tetragrammaton or "incommunicable name" of the Supreme Being, which
in latter Jewish tradition is not pronounced save with the vowels of
adonai or elohim, so that the true pronunciation is lost.

 Numerous attempts have been made to represent the supposed original
form of the word, as Jahaveh, Jahvaj, Jahve, Jahveh, Yahve, Yahveh,
Yahwe, Yahweh, etc.

IK
Ik, pron. Etym: [See I.]

Defn: I [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Note: The Northern dialectic form of I, in Early English,
corresponding to ich of the Southern.

IL-
Il-

Defn: . A form of the prefix in-, not, and in-, among. See In-.

ILE
Ile, n. Etym: [AS. egl.]

Defn: Ear of corn. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

ILE
Ile, n. Etym: [See Aisle.]

Defn: An aisle. [Obs.] H. Swinburne.

ILE
Ile, n. Etym: [See Isle.]

Defn: An isle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ILEAC
Il"e*ac, a. Etym: [See Ileum.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the ileum. [Written also iliac.]

2. See Iliac,

1. [R.] Ileac passion. (Med.) See Ileus.

ILEOCAECAL
Il`e*o*cæ"cal, a. Etym: [Ileum + cæcal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the ileum and cæcum.

ILEOCOLIC
Il`e*o*col"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the ileum and colon; as, the ileocolic, or
ileocæcal, valve, a valve where the ileum opens into the large
intestine.

ILEUM
Il"e*um, n. Etym: [L. ile, ileum, ilium, pl. ilia, groin, flank.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The last, and usually the longest, division of the small
intestine; the part between the jejunum and large intestine. [Written
also ileon, and ilium.]

2. (Anat.)

Defn: See Ilium. [R.]

Note: Most modern writers restrict ileum to the division of the
intestine and ilium to the pelvic bone.

ILEUS
Il"e*us, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition due to intestinal obstruction. It is
characterized by complete constipation, with griping pains in the
abdomen, which is greatly distended, and in the later stages by
vomiting of fecal matter. Called also ileac, or iliac, passion.

ILEX
I"lex, n. Etym: [L., holm oak.] (Bot.)
(a) The holm oak (Quercus Ilex).
(b) A genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, including the common
holly.

ILIAC
Il"i*ac, a. Etym: [L. Iliacus, Gr. Iliad.]

Defn: Pertaining to ancient Ilium, or Troy. Gladstone.

ILIAC
Il"i*ac, a. Etym: [Cf. F. iliaque. See Ileum, and cf. Jade a stone.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or in the region of, the ilium, or dorsal bone
of the pelvis; as, the iliac artery. [Written also ileac.]

2. See Ileac, 1. [R.] Iliac crest, the upper margin of the ilium.
 -- Iliac passion. See Ileus.
 -- Iliac region, a region of the abdomen, on either side of the
hypogastric regions, and below the lumbar regions.

ILIACAL
I*li"a*cal, a.

Defn: Iliac. [R.]

ILIAD
Il"i*ad, n. Etym: [L. Ilias, -adis, Gr.

Defn: A celebrated Greek epic poem, in twenty-four books, on the
destruction of Ilium, the ancient Troy. The Iliad is ascribed to
Homer.

ILIAL
Il"i*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the ilium; iliac.

ILICHE
I*liche", adv. Etym: [OE., fr. AS. gelic. Cf. Alike.]

Defn: Alike. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ILICIC
I*lic"ic, a. Etym: [L. ilex, ilicis, holm oak.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the holly (Ilex), and allied
plants; as, ilicic acid.

ILICIN
Il"i*cin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The bitter principle of the holly.

ILIO-
Il"i*o-. Etym: [From Ilium.]

Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to denote connection with, or
relation to, the ilium; as, ilio-femoral, ilio-lumbar, ilio-psoas,
etc.

ILIOFEMORAL
Il`i*o*fem"o*ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the ilium and femur; as, iliofemoral ligaments.

ILIOLUMBAR
Il`i*o*lum"bar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the iliac and lumbar regions; as, the iliolumbar
artery.

ILIOPSOAS
Il`i*o*pso"as, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The great flexor muscle of the hip joint, divisible into two
parts, the iliac and great psoas, -- often regarded as distinct
muscles.

ILIUM
Il"i*um, n. Etym: [See Ileum.] (Anat.)

Defn: The dorsal one of the three principal bones comprising either
lateral half of the pelvis; the dorsal or upper part of the hip bone.
See Innominate bone, under Innominate. [Written also ilion, and
ileum.]

ILIXANTHIN
Il`ix*an"thin, n. Etym: [Ilex the genus including the holly + Gr.
(Chem.)

Defn: A yellow dye obtained from the leaves of the holly.

ILK
Ilk, a. Etym: [Scot. ilk, OE. ilke the same, AS. ilca. Cf. Each.]

Defn: Same; each; every. [Archaic] Spenser. Of that ilk, denoting
that a person's surname and the title of his estate are the same; as,
Grant of that ilk, i.e., Grant of Grant. Jamieson.

ILKE
Il"ke, a. Etym: [See Ilk.]

Defn: Same. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ILKON; ILKOON
Il*kon", Il*koon", pron. Etym: [See Ilk, and One.]

Defn: Each one; every one. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ILL
Ill, a. [The regular comparative and superlative are wanting, their
places being supplied by worse ( and worst (, from another root.]
Etym: [OE. ill, ille, Icel. illr; akin to Sw. illa, adv., Dan. ilde,
adv.]

1. Contrary to good, in a physical sense; contrary or opposed to
advantage, happiness, etc.; bad; evil; unfortunate; disagreeable;
unfavorable.
Neither is it ill air only that maketh an ill seat, but ill ways, ill
markets, and ill neighbors. Bacon.
There 's some ill planet reigns. Shak.

2. Contrary to good, in a moral sense; evil; wicked; wrong;
iniquitious; naughtly; bad; improper.
Of his own body he was ill, and gave The clergy ill example. Shak.

3. Sick; indisposed; unwell; diseased; disordered; as, ill of a
fever.
I am in health, I breathe, and see thee ill. Shak.

4. Not according with rule, fitness, or propriety; incorrect; rude;
unpolished; inelegant.
That 's an ill phrase. Shak.
Ill at ease, uneasy; uncomfortable; anxious. "I am very ill at ease."
Shak.
 -- Ill blood, enmity; resentment.
 -- Ill breeding, want of good breeding; rudeness.
 -- Ill fame, ill or bad repute; as, a house of ill fame, a house
where lewd persons meet for illicit intercourse.
 -- Ill humor, a disagreeable mood; bad temper.
 -- Ill nature, bad disposition or temperament; sullenness; esp., a
disposition to cause unhappiness to others.
 -- Ill temper, anger; moroseness; crossness.
 -- Ill turn. (a) An unkind act. (b) A slight attack of illness.
[Colloq. U.S.] -- Ill will, unkindness; enmity; malevolence.

Syn.
 -- Bad; evil; wrong; wicked; sick; unwell.

ILL
Ill, n.

1. Whatever annoys or impairs happiness, or prevents success; evil of
any kind; misfortune; calamity; disease; pain; as, the ills of
humanity.
Who can all sense of others' ills escape Is but a brute at best in
human shape. Tate.
That makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that
we know not of. Shak.

2. Whatever is contrary to good, in a moral sense; wickedness;
depravity; iniquity; wrong; evil.
Strong virtue, like strong nature, struggles still, Exerts itself,
and then throws off the ill. Dryden.

ILL
Ill, adv.

Defn: In a ill manner; badly; weakly.
How ill this taper burns! Shak.
Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth
accumulates and men decay. Goldsmith.

Note: Ill, like above, well, and so, is used before many participal
adjectives, in its usual adverbal sense. When the two words are used
as an epithet preceding the noun qualified they are commonly
hyphened; in other cases they are written separatively; as, an ill-
educated man; he was ill educated; an ill-formed plan; the plan,
however ill formed, was acceptable. Ao, also, the following: ill-
affected or ill affected, ill-arranged or ill arranged, ill-assorted
or ill assorted, ill-boding or ill boding, ill-bred or ill bred, ill-
conditioned, ill-conducted, ill-considered, ill-devised, ill-
disposed, ill-doing, ill-fairing, ill-fated, ill-favored, ill-
featured, ill-formed, ill-gotten, ill-imagined, ill-judged, ill-
looking, ill-mannered, ill-matched, ill-meaning, ill-minded, ill-
natured, ill-omened, ill-proportioned, ill-provided, ill-required,
ill-sorted, ill-starred, ill-tempered, ill-timed, ill-trained, ill-
used, and the like.

I' LL
I' ll

Defn: . Contraction for I will or I shall.
I'll by a sign give notice to our friends. Shak.

ILLABILE
Il*lab"ile, a.

Defn: Incapable of falling or erring; infalliable. [Obs.] --
Il`la*bil"i*ty, n. [Obs.]

ILLACERABLE
Il*lac"er*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. illacerabilis: cf. F. illacérable. See
In- not, and Lacerable.]

Defn: Not lacerable; incapable of being torn or rent. [Obs.]

ILLACRYMABLE
Il*lac"ry*ma*ble, a. Etym: [L. illacrimabilis; pref. il- not +
lacrimabilis worthy of tears.]

Defn: Incapable of weeping. [Obs.] Bailey.

ILLAPSABLE
Il*laps"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. il- not + lapsable.]

Defn: Incapable of slipping, or of error. [R.]
Morally immutable and illapsable. Glanvill.

ILLAPSE
Il*lapse", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Illapsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Illapsing.]
Etym: [L. illapsus, p.p. of illabi; pref. il- in + labi to fall,
slide.]

Defn: To fall or glide; to pass; -- usually followed by into. Cheyne.

ILLAPSE
Il*lapse", n. Etym: [L. illapsus. See Illapse, v. i.]

Defn: A gliding in; an immisson or entrance of one thing into
another; also, a sudden descent or attack. Akenside.
They sit silent . . . waiting for an illapse of the spirit. Jeffrey.

ILLAQUEABLE
Il*la"que*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being insnared or entrapped. [R.] Cudworth.

ILLAQUEATE
Il*la"que*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illaqueated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Illaqueating.] Etym: [L. illaqueatus, p.p. of illaqueare; pref. il-
in + laqueare to insnare, fr. laqueus, noose, snare.]

Defn: To insnare; to entrap; to entangle; to catch.
Let not the surpassing eloquence of Taylor dazzle you, nor his
scholastic retairy versatility of logic illaqueate your good sense.
Coleridge.

ILLAQUEATION
Il*la`que*a"tion, n.

1. The act of catching or insnaring. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. A snare; a trap. Johnson.

ILLATION
Il*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. illatio, fr. illatus, used as p.p. of
inferre to carry or bring in, but from a different root: cf. F.
illation. See 1st In-, and Tolerate, and cf. Infer.]

Defn: The act or process of inferring from premises or reasons;
perception of the connection between ideas; that which is inferred;
inference; deduction; conclusion.
Fraudulent deductions or inconsequent illations from a false
conception of things. Sir T. Browne.

ILLATIVE
Il"la*tive, a. Etym: [L. illativus: cf. F. illatif.]

Defn: Relating to, dependent on, or denoting, illation; inferential;
conclusive; as, an illative consequence or proposition; an illative
word, as then, therefore, etc. Illative conversion (Logic), a
converse or reverse statement of a proposition which in that form
must be true because the original proposition is true.
 -- Illative sense (Metaph.), the faculty of the mind by which it
apprehends the conditions and determines upon the correctness of
inferences.

ILLATIVE
Il"la*tive, n.

Defn: An illative particle, as for, because.

ILLATIVELY
Il"la*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By inference; as an illative; in an illative manner.

ILLAUDABLE
Il*laud"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. illaudabilis. See In- not, and Laudable.]

Defn: Not laudable; not praise-worthy; worthy of censure or
disapprobation. Milton.
 -- Il*laud"a*bly, adv. [Obs.] Broome.

ILL-BODING
Ill`-bod"ing, a.

Defn: Boding evil; inauspicious; ill-omened. "Ill-boding stars."
Shak.

ILL-BRED
Ill"-bred`, a.

Defn: Badly educated or brought up; impolite; incivil; rude. See Note
under Ill, adv.

ILLECEBRATION
Il*lec`e*bra"tion, n. Etym: [See Illecebrous.]

Defn: Allurement. [R.] T. Brown.

ILLECEBROUS
Il*lec"e*brous, a. Etym: [L. illecebrosus, fr. illecebra allurement,
fr. illicere to allure.]

Defn: Alluring; attractive; enticing. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

ILLEGAL
Il*le"gal, a. Etym: [Pref. il- not + legal: cf. F. illégal.]

Defn: Not according to, or authorized by, law; specif., contrary to,
or in violation of, human law; unlawful; illicit; hence, immoral; as,
an illegal act; illegal trade; illegal love. Bp. Burnet.

ILLEGALITY
Il`le*gal"i*ty, n.; pl. Illegalities. Etym: [Cf. F. illégalité.]

Defn: The quality or condition of being illegal; unlawfulness; as,
the illegality of trespass or of false imprisonment; also, an illegal
act.

ILLEGALIZE
Il*le"gal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illegalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Illegalizing.]

Defn: To make or declare illegal or unlawful.

ILLEGALLY
Il*le"gal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a illegal manner; unlawfully.

ILLEGALNESS
Il*le"gal*ness, n.

Defn: Illegality, unlawfulness.

ILLEGIBILITY
Il*leg`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being illegible.

ILLEGIBLE
Il*leg"i*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being read; not legible; as, illegible
handwriting; an illegible inscription.
 -- Il*leg"i*ble*ness, n.
 -- Il*leg"i*bly, adv.

ILLEGITIMACY
Il`le*git"i*ma*cy, n.

Defn: The state of being illegitimate. Blackstone.

ILLEGITIMATE
Il`le*git"i*mate, a.

1. Not according to law; not regular or authorized; unlawful;
improper.

2. Unlawfully begotten; born out of wedlock; bastard; as, an
illegitimate child.

3. Not legitimately deduced or inferred; illogical; as, an
illegitimate inference.

4. Not authorized by good usage; not genuine; spurious; as, an
illegitimate word. Illegitimate fertilization, or Illegitimate union
(Bot.), the fertilization of pistils by stamens not of their own
length, in heterogonously dimorphic and trimorphic flowers. Darwin.

ILLEGITIMATE
Il`le*git"i*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illegitimated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Illegitimating.]

Defn: To render illegitimate; to declare or prove to be born out of
wedlock; to bastardize; to illegitimatize.
The marriage should only be dissolved for the future, without
illegitimating the issue. Bp. Burnet.

ILLEGITIMATELY
Il`le*git"i*mate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a illegitimate manner; unlawfully.

ILLEGITIMATION
Il`le*git`i*ma"tion, n.

1. The act of illegitimating; bastardizing.

2. The state of being illegitimate; illegitimacy. [Obs.]
Gardiner had performed his promise to the queen of getting her
illegitimation taken off. Bp. Burnet.

ILLEGITIMATIZE
Il`le*git"i*ma*tize, v. t.

Defn: To render illegitimate; to bastardize.

ILLESIVE
Il*le"sive, a. Etym: [Pref. il- not + L. laedere, laesum, to injure.]

Defn: Not injurious; harmless. [R.]

ILLEVIABLE
Il*lev"i*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not leviable; incapable of being imposed, or collected. [R.]
Sir M. Hale.

ILL-FAVORED
Ill`-fa"vored, a.

Defn: Wanting beauty or attractiveness; deformed; ugly; ill-looking.
Ill-favored and lean-fleshed. Gen. xli. 3.
-- Ill`-fa"vored*ly, adv.
 -- Ill`-fa"vored*ness, n.

ILLIBERAL
Il*lib"er*al, a. Etym: [L. illiberalis; pref. il- not + liberalis
liberal: cf. F. illibéral.]

1. Not liberal; not free or generous; close; niggardly; mean; sordid.
"A thrifty and illiberal hand." Mason.

2. Indicating a lack of breeding, culture, and the like; ignoble;
rude; narrow-minded; disingenuous.

3. Not well authorized or elegant; as, illiberal words in Latin. [R.]
Chesterfield.

ILLIBERALISM
Il*lib"er*al*ism, n.

Defn: Illiberality. [R.]

ILLIBERALITY
Il*lib`er*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. illiberalitas: cf. F. illibéralité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being illiberal; narrowness of mind;
meanness; niggardliness. Bacon.

ILLIBERALIZE
Il*lib"er*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illiberalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Illiberalizing.]

Defn: To make illiberal.

ILLIBERALLY
Il*lib"er*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a illiberal manner, ungenerously; uncharitably;
parsimoniously.

ILLIBERALNESS
Il*lib"er*al*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being illiberal; illiberality.

ILLICIT
Il*lic"it, a. Etym: [L. illicitus; pref. il- not + licitus, p.p. of
licere to be allowed or permitted: cf. F. illicite. See In- not, and
License.]

Defn: Not permitted or allowed; prohibited; unlawful; as, illicit
trade; illicit intercourse; illicit pleasure.
One illicit . . . transaction always leads to another. Burke.
-- Il*lic"it*ly, adv.
 -- Il*lic"it*ness, n.

ILLICITOUS
Il*lic"it*ous, a.

Defn: Illicit. [R.] Cotgrave.

ILLICIUM
Il*li"ci*um, n. Etym: [So called, in allusion to its aroma, from L.
illicium an allurement.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of Asiatic and American magnoliaceous trees, having
star-shaped fruit; star anise. The fruit of Illicium anisatum is used
as a spice in India, and its oil is largely used in Europe for
flavoring cordials, being almost identical with true oil of anise.

ILLIGHTEN
Il*light"en, v. t.

Defn: To enlighten. [Obs.]

ILLIMITABLE
Il*lim"it*a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. il- not + limitable: cf. F.
illimitable.]

Defn: Incapable of being limited or bounded; immeasurable; limitless;
boundless; as, illimitable space.
The wild, the irregular, the illimitable, and the luxuriant, have
their appropriate force of beauty. De Quincey.

Syn.
 -- Boundless; limitless; unlimited; unbounded; immeasurable;
infinite; immense; vast.
 -- Il*lim"it*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Il*lim"it*a*bly, adv.

ILLIMITATION
Il*lim`it*a"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. il- not + limitation: cf. F.
illimitation.]

Defn: State of being illimitable; want of, or freedom from,
limitation. Bp. Hall.

ILLIMITED
Il*lim"it*ed, a.

Defn: Not limited; interminable. Bp. Hall.
 -- Il*lim"it*ed*ness, n.
The absoluteness and illimitedness of his commission was generally
much spoken of. Clarendon.

ILLINITION
Il`li*ni"tion, n. Etym: [L. illinire, illinere, to besmear; pref. il-
in, on + linire, linere, to smear.]

1. A smearing or rubbing in or on; also, that which is smeared or
rubbed on, as ointment or liniment.

2. A thin crust of some extraneous substance formed on minerals. [R.]
A thin crust or illinition of black manganese. Kirwan.

ILLINOIS
Il`li*nois", n.sing. & pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of North American Indians, which formerly occupied the
region between the Wabash and Mississippi rivers.

ILLIQUATION
Il`li*qua"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. il- in + L. liquare to melt.]

Defn: The melting or dissolving of one thing into another.

ILLISH
Ill"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat ill. [Obs.] Howell.

ILLISION
Il*li"sion, n. Etym: [L. illisio, fr. illidere, illisum, to strike
against; pref. il- in + laedere to strike.]

Defn: The act of dashing or striking against. Sir T. Browne.

ILLITERACY
Il*lit"er*a*cy, n.; pl. Illiteracies. Etym: [From Illiterate.]

1. The state of being illiterate, or uneducated; want of learning, or
knowledge; ignorance; specifically, inability to read and write; as,
the illiteracy shown by the last census.

2. An instance of ignorance; a literary blunder.
The many blunders and illiteracies of the first publishers of his
[Shakespeare's] works. Pope.

ILLITERAL
Il*lit"er*al, a.

Defn: Not literal. [R.] B. Dawson.

ILLITERATE
Il*lit"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. illiteratus: pref. il- not + literatus
learned. See In- not, and Literal.]

Defn: Ignorant of letters or books; unlettered; uninstructed;
uneducated; as, an illiterate man, or people.

Syn.
 -- Ignorant; untaught; unlearned; unlettered; unscholary. See
Ignorant.
 -- Il*lit"er*ate*ly, adv.
 -- Il*lit"er*ate*ness, n.

ILLITERATURE
Il*lit"er*a*ture, n.

Defn: Want of learning; illiteracy. [R.] Ayliffe. Southey.

ILL-JUDGED
Ill"-judged`, a.

Defn: Not well judged; unwise.

ILL-LIVED
Ill"-lived`, a.

Defn: Leading a wicked life. [Obs.]

ILL-LOOKING
Ill"-look`ing, a.

Defn: Having a bad look; threatening; ugly. See Note under Ill, adv.

ILL-MANNERED
Ill`-man"nered, a.

Defn: Impolite; rude.

ILL-MINDED
Ill"-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Ill-disposed. Byron.

ILL-NATURED
Ill`-na"tured, a.

1. Of habitual bad temper; peevish; fractious; cross; crabbed; surly;
as, an ill-natured person.

2. Dictated by, or indicating, ill nature; spiteful. "The ill-natured
task refuse." Addison.

3. Intractable; not yielding to culture. [R.] "Ill-natured land." J.
Philips.
 -- Ill`-na"tured*ly, adv.
 -- Ill`-na"tured*ness, n.

ILLNESS
Ill"ness, n. Etym: [From Ill.]

1. The condition of being ill, evil, or bad; badness;
unfavorableness. [Obs.] "The illness of the weather." Locke.

2. Disease; indisposition; malady; disorder of health; sickness; as,
a short or a severe illness.

3. Wrong moral conduct; wickedness. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Malady; disease; indisposition; ailment.
 -- Illness, Sickness. Within the present century, there has been a
tendency in England to use illness in the sense of a continuous
disease, disorder of health, or sickness, and to confine sickness
more especially to a sense of nausea, or "sickness of the stomach."

ILL-NURTURED
Ill"-nur`tured, a.

Defn: Ill-bred. Shak.

ILLOCALITY
Il`lo*cal"i*ty, n.

Defn: Want of locality or place. [R.] Cudworth.

ILLOGICAL
Il*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Ignorant or negligent of the rules of logic or correct
reasoning; as, an illogical disputant; contrary of the rules of logic
or sound reasoning; as, an illogical inference.
 -- Il*log"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Il*log"ic*al*ness, n.

ILL-OMENED
Ill`-o"mened, a.

Defn: Having unlucky omens; inauspicious. See Note under Ill, adv.

ILL-STARRED
Ill"-starred`, a.

Defn: Fated to be unfortunate; unlucky; as, an ill-starred man or
day.

ILL-TEMPERED
Ill`-tem"pered, a.

1. Of bad temper; morose; crabbed; sour; peevish; fretful;
quarrelsome.

2. Unhealthy; ill-conditioned. [Obs.]
So ill-tempered I am grown, that I am afraid I shall catch cold,
while all the world is afraid to melt away. Pepys.

ILL-TIMED
Ill"-timed`, a.

Defn: Done, attempted, or said, at an unsuitable or unpropitious
time.

ILLTREAT
Ill`treat", v. t.

Defn: To treat cruelly or improperly; to ill use; to maltreat.

ILLUDE
Il*lude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illuded; p. pr. & vb. n. Illuding.]
Etym: [L. illudere, illusum; pref. il- in + ludere to play: cf. OF.
illuder. See Ludicrous.]

Defn: To play upon by artifice; to deceive; to mock; to excite and
disappoint the hopes of.

ILLUME
Il*lume", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illumed; p. pr. & vb. n. Illuming.]
Etym: [Cf. F. illuminer. See Illuminate.]

Defn: To throw or spread light upon; to make light or bright; to
illuminate; to illumine. Shak.
The mountain's brow, Illumed with fluid gold. Thomson.

ILLUMINABLE
Il*lu"mi*na*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being illuminated.

ILLUMINANT
Il*lu"mi*nant, n. Etym: [L. illuminans, -antis, p.pr. of illuminare.]

Defn: That which illuminates or affords light; as, gas and petroleum
are illuminants. Boyle.

ILLUMINARY
Il*lu"mi*na*ry, a.

Defn: Illuminative.

ILLUMINATE
Il*lu"mi*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illuminated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Illuminating.] Etym: [L. illuminatus, p.p. of illuminare; pref. il-
in + luminare to enlighten, fr. lumen light. See Luminous, and cf.
Illume, Illumine, Enlimn, Limn.]

1. To make light; to throw light on; to supply with light, literally
or figuratively; to brighten.

2. To light up; to decorate with artificial lights, as a building or
city, in token of rejoicing or respect.

3. To adorn, as a book or page with borders, initial letters, or
miniature pictures in colors and gold, as was done in manuscripts of
the Middle Ages.

4. To make plain or clear; to dispel the obscurity to by knowledge or
reason; to explain; to elucidate; as, to illuminate a text, a
problem, or a duty.

ILLUMINATE
Il*lu"mi*nate, v. i.

Defn: To light up in token or rejoicing.

ILLUMINATE
Il*lu"mi*nate, a. Etym: [L. illuminatus, p.p.]

Defn: Enlightened. Bp. Hall.

ILLUMINATE
Il*lu"mi*nate, n.

Defn: One who enlightened; esp., a pretender to extraordinary light
and knowledge.

ILLUMINATI
Il*lu`mi*na"ti, n. pl. Etym: [L. illuminatus. See Illuminate, v. t.,
and cf. Illuminee.]

Defn: Literally, those who are enlightened; -- variously applied as
follows: -

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: Persons in the early church who had received baptism; in which
ceremony a lighted taper was given them, as a symbol of the spiritual
illumination they has received by that sacrament.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: Members of a sect which sprung up in Spain about the year 1575.
Their principal doctrine was, that, by means of prayer, they had
attained to so perfect a state as to have no need of ordinances,
sacraments, good works, etc.; -- called also Alumbrados,
Perfectibilists, etc.

3. (Mod. Hist.)

Defn: Members of certain associations in Modern Europe, who combined
to promote social reforms, by which they expected to raise men and
society to perfection, esp. of one originated in 1776 by Adam
Weishaupt, professor of canon law at Ingolstadt, which spread rapidly
for a time, but ceased after a few years.

4. Also applied to:
(a) An obscure sect of French Familists.
(b) The Hesychasts, Mystics, and Quietists;
(c) The Rosicrucians.

5. Any persons who profess special spiritual or intellectual
enlightenment.

ILLUMINATING
Il*lu"mi*na`ting, a.

Defn: Giving or producing light; used for illumination. Illuminating
gas. See Gas, n., 2 (a).

ILLUMINATION
Il*lu`mi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. illuminatio: cf. F. illumination.]

1. The act of illuminating, or supplying with light; the state of
being illuminated.

2. Festive decoration of houses or buildings with lights.

3. Adornment of books and manuscripts with colored illustrations. See
Illuminate, v. t., 3.

4. That which is illuminated, as a house; also, an ornamented book or
manuscript.

5. That which illuminates or gives light; brightness; splendor;
especially, intellectual light or knowledge.
The illumination which a bright genius giveth to his work. Felton.

6. (Theol.)

Defn: The special communication of knowledge to the mind by God;
inspiration.
Hymns and psalms . . . are framed by meditation beforehand, or by
prophetical illumination are inspired. Hooker.

ILLUMINATISM
Il*lu"mi*na*tism, n.

Defn: Illuminism. [R.]

ILLUMINATIVE
Il*lu"mi*na*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. illuminatif.]

Defn: Tending to illuminate or illustrate; throwing light;
illustrative. "Illuminative reading." Carlyle.

ILLUMINATOR
Il*lu"mi*na`tor, n. Etym: [L., an enlightener, LL. also, an
illuminator of books.]

1. One whose occupation is to adorn books, especially manuscripts,
with miniatures, borders, etc. See Illuminate, v. t., 3.

2. A condenser or reflector of light in optical apparatus; also, an
illuminant.

ILLUMINE
Il*lu"mine, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. illuminer. See Illuminate.]

Defn: To illuminate; to light up; to adorn.

ILLUMINEE
Il*lu`mi*nee", n. Etym: [F. illuminé. Cf. Illuminati.]

Defn: One of the Illuminati.

ILLUMINER
Il*lu"mi*ner, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, illuminates.

ILLUMINISM
Il*lu"mi*nism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. illuminisme.]

Defn: The principles of the Illuminati.

ILLUMINISTIC
Il*lu`mi*nis"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to illuminism, or the Illuminati.

ILLUMINIZE
Il*lu"mi*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illuminized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Illuminizing.]

Defn: To initiate the doctrines or principles of the Illuminati.

ILLUMINOUS
Il*lu"mi*nous, a.

Defn: Bright; clear. [R.] H. Taylor.

ILLURE
Il*lure", v. t. Etym: [Pref. il- in + lure.]

Defn: To deceive; to entice; to lure. [Obs.]
The devil insnareth the souls of many men, by illuring them with the
muck and dung of this world. Fuller.

ILL-USED
Ill`-used", a.

Defn: Misapplied; treated badly.

ILLUSION
Il*lu"sion, n. Etym: [F. illusion, L. illusio, fr. illudere, illusum,
to illude. See Illude.]

1. An unreal image presented to the bodily or mental vision; a
deceptive appearance; a false show; mockery; hallucination.
To cheat the eye with blear illusions. Milton.

2. Hence: Anything agreeably fascinating and charning; enchantment;
witchery; glamour.
Ye soft illusions, dear deceits, arise! Pope.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: A sensation originated by some external object, but so modified
as in any way to lead to an erroneous perception; as when the rolling
of a wagon is mistaken for thunder.

Note: Some modern writers distinguish between an illusion and
hallucination, regarding the former as originating with some external
object, and the latter as having no objective occasion whatever.

4. A plain, delicate lace, usually of silk, used for veils, scarfs,
dresses, etc.

Syn.
 -- Delusion; mockery; deception; chimera; fallacy. See Delusion.
Illusion, Delusion. Illusion refers particularly to errors of the
sense; delusion to false hopes or deceptions of the mind. An optical
deception is an illusion; a false opinion is a delusion. E. Edwards.

ILLUSIONABLE
Il*lu"sion*a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to illusion.

ILLUSIONIST
Il*lu"sion*ist, n.

Defn: One given to illusion; a visionary dreamer.

ILLUSIVE
Il*lu"sive, a. Etym: [See Illude.]

Defn: Deceiving by false show; deceitful; deceptive; false; illusory;
unreal.
Truth from illusive falsehood to command. Thomson.

ILLUSIVELY
Il*lu"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a illusive manner; falsely.

ILLUSIVENESS
Il*lu"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being illusive; deceptiveness; false show.

ILLUSORY
Il*lu"so*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. illusore.]

Defn: Deceiving, or tending of deceive; fallacious; illusive; as,
illusory promises or hopes.

ILLUSTRABLE
Il*lus"tra*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of illustration. Sir T. Browne.

ILLUSTRATE
Il*lus"trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illustrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Illustrating.] Etym: [L. illustratus, p.p. of illustrare to
illustrate, fr. illustris bright. See Illustrious.]

1. To make clear, bright, or luminous.
Here, when the moon illustrates all the sky. Chapman.

2. To set in a clear light; to exhibit distinctly or conspicuously.
Shak.
To prove him, and illustrate his high worth. Milton.

3. To make clear, intelligible, or apprehensible; to elucidate,
explain, or exemplify, as by means of figures, comparisons, and
examples.

4. To adorn with pictures, as a book or a subject; to elucidate with
pictures, as a history or a romance.

5. To give renown or honor to; to make illustrious; to glorify.
[Obs.]
Matter to me of glory, whom their hate Illustrates. Milton.

ILLUSTRATE
Il*lus"trate, a. Etym: [L. illustratus, p.p.]

Defn: Illustrated; distinguished; illustrious. [Obs.]
This most gallant, illustrate, and learned gentleman. Shak.

ILLUSTRATION
Il`lus*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. illustratio: cf. F. illustration.]

1. The act of illustrating; the act of making clear and distinct;
education; also, the state of being illustrated, or of being made
clear and distinct.

2. That which illustrates; a comparison or example intended to make
clear or apprehensible, or to remove obscurity.

3. A picture designed to decorate a volume or elucidate a literary
work.

ILLUSTRATIVE
Il*lus"tra*tive, a.

1. Tending or designed to illustrate, exemplify, or elucidate.

2. Making illustrious. [Obs.]

ILLUSTRATIVELY
Il*lus"tra*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of illustration or elucidation. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

ILLUSTRATOR
Il*lus"tra*tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who illustrates.

ILLUSTRATORY
Il*lus"tra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving to illustrate.

ILLUSTRIOUS
Il*lus"tri*ous, a. Etym: [L. illustris, prob. for illuxtris; fr. il-
in + the root of lucidus bright: cf. F. illustre. See Lucid.]

1. Possessing luster or brightness; brilliant; luminous; splendid.
Quench the light; thine eyes are guides illustrious. Beau. & Fl.

2. Characterized by greatness, nobleness, etc.; eminent; conspicuous;
distinguished.
Illustrious earls, renowened everywhere. Drayton.

3. Conferring luster or honor; renowned; as, illustrious deeds or
titles.

Syn.
 -- Distinguished; famous; remarkable; brilliant; conspicuous; noted;
celebrated; signal; renowened; eminent; exalted; noble; glorious. See
Distinguished, Famous.

ILLUSTRIOUSLY
Il*lus"tri*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a illustrious manner; conspicuously; eminently; famously.
Milton.

ILLUSTRIOUSNESS
Il*lus"tri*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being eminent; greatness; grandeur;
glory; fame.

ILLUSTROUS
Il*lus"trous, a. Etym: [Pref. il- not + lustrous.]

Defn: Without luster. [Obs. & R.]

ILLUTATION
Il`lu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. il- in + L. lutum mud: cf. F.
illutation.]

Defn: The act or operation of smearing the body with mud, especially
with the sediment from mineral springs; a mud bath.

ILLUXURIOUS
Il`lux*u"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Not luxurious. [R.] Orrery.

ILL-WILL
Ill`-will"

Defn: . See under Ill, a.

ILL-WISHER
Ill`-wish"er, n.

Defn: One who wishes ill to another; an enemy.

ILLY
Il"ly, adv.

Defn: Etym: [A word not fully approved, but sometimes used for the
adverb ill.]

ILMENITE
Il"men*ite, n. Etym: [So called from Ilmen, a branch of the Ural
Mountains.] (Min.)

Defn: Titanic iron. See Menaccanite.

ILMENIUM
Il*me"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Ilmenite.] (Chem.)

Defn: A supposed element claimed to have been discovered by
R.Harmann.

ILVAITE
Il"va*ite, n. Etym: [From L. Ilva, the island now called Elba.]
(Min.)

Defn: A silicate of iron and lime occurring in black prismatic
crystals and columnar masses.

I'M
I'm

Defn: . A contraction of I am.

IM-
Im-

Defn: . A form of the prefix in- not, and in- in. See In-. Im- also
occurs in composition with some words not of Latin origin; as,
imbank, imbitter.

IMAGE
Im"age, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. imago, imaginis, from the root of
imitari to imitate. See Imitate, and cf. Imagine.]

1. An imitation, representation, or similitude of any person, thing,
or act, sculptured, drawn, painted, or otherwise made perceptible to
the sight; a visible presentation; a copy; a likeness; an effigy; a
picture; a semblance.
Even like a stony image, cold and numb. Shak.
Whose is this image and superscription Matt. xxii. 20.
This play is the image of a murder done in Vienna. Shak.
And God created man in his own image. Gen. i. 27.

2. Hence: The likeness of anything to which worship is paid; an idol.
Chaucer.
Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, . . . thou shalt not
bow down thyself to them. Ex. xx. 4, 5.

3. Show; appearance; cast.
The face of things a frightful image bears. Dryden.

4. A representation of anything to the mind; a picture drawn by the
fancy; a conception; an idea.
Can we conceive Image of aught delightful, soft, or great Prior.

5. (Rhet.)

Defn: A picture, example, or illustration, often taken from sensible
objects, and used to illustrate a subject; usually, an extended
metaphor. Brande & C.

6. (Opt.)

Defn: The figure or picture of any object formed at the focus of a
lens or mirror, by rays of light from the several points of the
object symmetrically refracted or reflected to corresponding points
in such focus; this may be received on a screen, a photographic
plate, or the retina of the eye, and viewed directly by the eye, or
with an eyeglass, as in the telescope and microscope; the likeness of
an object formed by reflection; as, to see one's image in a mirror.
Electrical image. See under Electrical.
 -- Image breaker, one who destroys images; an iconoclast.
 -- Image graver, Image maker, a sculptor.
 -- Image worship, the worship of images as symbols; iconolatry
distinguished from idolatry; the worship of images themselves.
 -- Image Purkinje (Physics), the image of the retinal blood vessels
projected in, not merely on, that membrane.
 -- Virtual image (Optics), a point or system of points, on one side
of a mirror or lens, which, if it existed, would emit the system of
rays which actually exists on the other side of the mirror or lens.
Clerk Maxwell.

IMAGE
Im"age, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Imaging.]

1. To represent or form an image of; as, the still lake imaged the
shore; the mirror imaged her figure. "Shrines of imaged saints." J.
Warton.

2. To represent to the mental vision; to form a likeness of by the
fancy or recollection; to imagine.
Condemn'd whole years in absence to deplore, And image charms he must
behold no more. Pope.

IMAGEABLE
Im"age*a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be imaged. [R.]

IMAGELESS
Im"age*less, a.

Defn: Having no image. Shelley.

IMAGER
Im"a*ger, n.

Defn: One who images or forms likenesses; a sculptor. [Obs.]
Praxiteles was ennobled for a rare imager. Holland.

IMAGERY
Im"age*ry, n. Etym: [OE. imagerie, F. imagerie.]

1. The work of one who makes images or visible representation of
objects; imitation work; images in general, or in mass. "Painted
imagery." Shak.
In those oratories might you see Rich carvings, portraitures, and
imagery. Dryden.

2. Fig.: Unreal show; imitation; appearance.
What can thy imagery of sorrow mean Prior.

3. The work of the imagination or fancy; false ideas; imaginary
phantasms.
The imagery of a melancholic fancy. Atterbury.

4. Rhetorical decoration in writing or speaking; vivid descriptions
presenting or suggesting images of sensible objects; figures in
discourse.
I wish there may be in this poem any instance of good imagery.
Dryden.

IMAGINABILITY
Im*ag`i*na*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capacity for imagination. [R.] Coleridge.

IMAGINABLE
Im*ag"i*na*ble, a. Etym: [L. imaginabilis: cf. F. imaginable.]

Defn: Capable of being imagined; conceivable.
Men sunk into the greatest darkness imaginable. Tillotson.
-- Im*ag"i*na*ble*ness, n.
 -- Im*ag"i*na*bly, adv.

IMAGINAL
Im*ag"i*nal, a. Etym: [L. imaginalis.]

1. Characterized by imagination; imaginative; also, given to the use
or rhetorical figures or imagins.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an imago. Imaginal disks (Zoöl.), masses of
hypodermic cells, carried by the larvæ of some insects after leaving
the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are
subsequently formed.

IMAGINANT
Im*ag"i*nant, a. Etym: [L. imaginans, p.pr. of imaginari: cf. F.
imaginant.]

Defn: Imagining; conceiving. [Obs.] Bacon.
 -- n.

Defn: An imaginer. [Obs.] Glanvill.

IMAGINARILY
Im*ag"i*na*ri*ly, a.

Defn: In a imaginary manner; in imagination. B. Jonson.

IMAGINARINESS
Im*ag"i*na*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being imaginary; unreality.

IMAGINARY
Im*ag"i*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. imaginarius: cf. F. imaginaire.]

Defn: Existing only in imagination or fancy; not real; fancied;
visionary; ideal.
Wilt thou add to all the griefs I suffer Imaginary ills and fancied
tortures Addison.
Imaginary calculus See under Calculus.
 -- Imaginary expression or quantity (Alg.), an algebraic expression
which involves the impossible operation of taking the square root of
a negative quantity; as, sq. root-9, a + b sq. root-1.
 -- Imaginary points, lines, surfaces, etc. (Geom.), points, lines,
surfaces, etc., imagined to exist, although by reason of certain
changes of a figure they have in fact ceased to have a real
existence.

Syn.
 -- Ideal; fanciful; chimerical; visionary; fancied; unreal;
illusive.

IMAGINARY
Im*ag"i*na*ry, n. (Alg.)

Defn: An imaginary expression or quantity.

IMAGINATE
Im*ag"i*nate, a.

Defn: Imaginative. [Obs.] Holland.

IMAGINATION
Im*ag`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [OE. imaginacionum, F. imagination, fr. L.
imaginatio. See Imagine.]

1. The imagine-making power of the mind; the power to create or
reproduce ideally an object of sense previously perceived; the power
to call up mental imagines.
Our simple apprehension of corporeal objects, if present, is sense;
if absent, is imagination. Glanvill.
Imagination is of three kinds: joined with belief of that which is to
come; joined with memory of that which is past; and of things
present, or as if they were present. Bacon.

2. The representative power; the power to reconstruct or recombine
the materials furnished by direct apprehension; the complex faculty
usually termed the plastic or creative power; the fancy.
The imagination of common language -- the productive imagination of
philosophers -- is nothing but the representative process plus the
process to which I would give the name of the "comparative." Sir W.
Hamilton.
The power of the mind to decompose its conceptions, and to recombine
the elements of them at its pleasure, is called its faculty of
imagination. I. Taylor.
The business of conception is to present us with an exact transcript
of what we have felt or perceived. But we have moreover a power of
modifying our conceptions, by combining the parts of different ones
together, so as to form new wholes of our creation. I shall employ
the word imagination to express this power. Stewart.

3. The power to recombine the materials furnished by experience or
memory, for the accomplishment of an elevated purpose; the power of
conceiving and expressing the ideal.
The lunatic, the lover, and the poet Are of imagination all compact .
. . The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven
to earth, from earth to heaven, And as imagination bodies forth The
forms of things unknown, the poet's pen Turns them to shapes, and
gives to airy nothing A local habitation and a name. Shak.

4. A mental image formed by the action of the imagination as a
faculty; a conception; a notion. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Conception; idea; conceit; fancy; device; origination; invention;
scheme; design; purpose; contrivance.
 -- Imagination, Fancy. These words have, to a great extent, been
interchanged by our best writers, and considered as strictly
synonymous. A distinction, however, is now made between them which
more fully exhibits their nature. Properly speaking, they are
different exercises of the same general power -- the plastic or
creative faculty. Imagination consists in taking parts of our
conceptions and combining them into new forms and images more select,
more striking, more delightful, more terrible, etc., than those of
ordinary nature. It is the higher exercise of the two. It creates by
laws more closely connected with the reason; it has strong emotion as
its actuating and formative cause; it aims at results of a definite
and weighty character. Milton's fiery lake, the debates of his
Pandemonium, the exquisite scenes of his Paradise, are all products
of the imagination. Fancy moves on a lighter wing; it is governed by
laws of association which are more remote, and sometimes arbitrary or
capricious. Hence the term fanciful, which exhibits fancy in its
wilder flights. It has for its actuating spirit feelings of a lively,
gay, and versatile character; it seeks to please by unexpected
combinations of thought, startling contrasts, flashes of brilliant
imagery, etc. Pope's Rape of the Lock is an exhibition of fancy which
has scarcely its equal in the literature of any country.
 -- "This, for instance, Wordworth did in respect of the words
`imagination' and `fancy.' Before he wrote, it was, I suppose,
obscurely felt by most that in `imagination' there was more of the
earnest, in `fancy' of the play of the spirit; that the first was a
loftier faculty and gift than the second; yet for all this words were
continually, and not without loss, confounded. He first, in the
preface to his Lyrical Ballads, rendered it henceforth impossible
that any one, who had read and mastered what he has written on the
two words, should remain unconscious any longer of the important
difference between them." Trench.
The same power, which we should call fancy if employed on a
production of a light nature, would be dignified with the title of
imagination if shown on a grander scale. C. J. Smith.

IMAGINATIONAL
Im*ag`i*na"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, involving, or caused by, imagination.

IMAGINATIONALISM
Im*ag`i*na"tion*al*ism, n.

Defn: Idealism. J. Grote.

IMAGINATIVE
Im*ag"i*na*tive, a. Etym: [F. imaginatif.]

1. Proceeding from, and characterized by, the imagination, generally
in the highest sense of the word.
In all the higher departments of imaginative art, nature still
constitues an important element. Mure.

2. Given to imagining; full of images, fancies, etc.; having a quick
imagination; conceptive; creative.
Milton had a highly imaginative, Cowley a very fanciful mind.
Coleridge.

3. Unreasonably suspicious; jealous. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- Im*ag"i*na*tive*ly, adv.
 -- Im*ag"i*na*tive*ness, n.

IMAGINE
Im*ag"ine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imagined; p. pr. & vb. n. Imagining.]
Etym: [F. imaginer, L. imaginari, p.p. imaginatus, fr. imago image.
See Image.]

1. To form in the mind a notion or idea of; to form a mental image
of; to conceive; to produce by the imagination.
In the night, imagining some fear, How easy is a bush supposed a
bear! Shak.

2. To contrive in purpose; to scheme; to devise; to compass; to
purpose. See Compass, v. t., 5.
How long will ye imagine mischief against a man Ps. lxii. 3.

3. To represent to one's self; to think; to believe. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To fancy; conceive; apprehend; think; believe; suppose; opine;
deem; plan; scheme; devise.

IMAGINE
Im*ag"ine, v. i.

1. To form images or conceptions; to conceive; to devise.

2. To think; to suppose.
My sister is not so defenseless left As you imagine. Milton.

IMAGINER
Im*ag"in*er, n.

Defn: One who forms ideas or conceptions; one who contrives. Bacon.

IMAGINOUS
Im*ag"in*ous, a.

Defn: Imaginative. [R.] Chapman.

IMAGO
I*ma"go, n.; pl. Imagoes. Etym: [L. See Image.]

1. An image.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The final adult, and usually winged, state of an insect. See
Illust. of Ant-lion, and Army worm.

IMAM; IMAN; IMAUM
I*mam", I*man", I*maum", n. Etym: [Ar. imam.]

1. Among the Mohammedans, a minister or priest who performs the
regular service of the mosque.

2. A Mohammedan prince who, as a successor of Mohammed, unites in his
person supreme spiritual and temporal power.

IMARET
I*ma"ret, n. Etym: [Turk., fr. Ar. 'imara.]

Defn: A lodging house for Mohammedan pilgrims. Moore.

IMBALM
Im*balm", v. t.

Defn: See Embalm.

IMBAN
Im*ban", v. t.

Defn: To put under a ban. [R.] Barlow.

IMBAND
Im*band", v. t.

Defn: To form into a band or bands. "Imbanded nations." J. Barlow.

IMBANK
Im*bank", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbanked; p. pr. & vb. n. Imbanking.]
Etym: [Pref. im- in + bank. Cf. Embank.]

Defn: To inclose or defend with a bank or banks. See Embank.

IMBANKMENT
Im*bank"ment, n.

Defn: The act of surrounding with a bank; a bank or mound raised for
defense, a roadway, etc.; an embankment. See Embankment.

IMBANNERED
Im*ban"nered, a.

Defn: Having banners.

IMBAR
Im*bar", v. t.

Defn: To bar in; to secure. [Obs.]
To imbar their crooked titles. Shak.

IMBARGO
Im*bar"go, n.

Defn: See Embargo.

IMBARK
Im*bark", v. i. & t.

Defn: See Embark.

IMBARN
Im*barn", v. t.

Defn: To store in a barn. [Obs.]

IMBASE
Im*base", v. t.

Defn: See Embase.

IMBASE
Im*base", v. i.

Defn: To diminish in value. [Obs.] Hales.

IMBASTARDIZE
Im*bas"tard*ize, v. t.

Defn: To bastardize; to debase. [Obs.] Milton.

IMBATHE
Im*bathe", v. t. Etym: [Pref. im- in + bathe. Cf. Embathe.]

Defn: To bathe; to wash freely; to immerce.
And gave her to his daughters to imbathe In nectared lavers strewed
with asphodel. Milton.

IMBAY
Im*bay", v. t.

Defn: See Embay.

IMBECILE
Im"be*cile, a. Etym: [L. imbecillis, and imbecillus; of unknown
origin: cf. F. imbécile.]

Defn: Destitute of strength, whether of body or mind; feeble;
impotent; esp., mentally wea; feeble-minded; as, hospitals for the
imbecile and insane.

Syn.
 -- Weak; feeble; feeble-minded; idiotic.

IMBECILE
Im"be*cile, n.

Defn: One destitute of strength; esp., one of feeble mind.

IMBECILE
Im"be*cile, v. t.

Defn: To weaken; to make imbecile; as, to imbecile men's courage.
[Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

IMBECILITATE
Im`be*cil"i*tate, v. t.

Defn: To weaken, as to the body or the mind; to enfeeble. [R.] A.
Wilson.

IMBECILITY
Im`be*cil"i*ty, n.; pl. Imbecilities. Etym: [L. imbecillitas: cf. F.
imbécillité.]

Defn: The quality of being imbecile; weakness; feebleness, esp. of
mind.
Cruelty . . . argues not only a depravedness of nature, but also a
meanness of courage and imbecility of mind. Sir W. Temple.

Note: This term is used specifically to denote natural weakness of
the mental faculties, affecting one's power to act reasonably or
intelligently.

Syn.
 -- Debility; infirmity; weakness; feebleness; impotence. See
Debility.

IMBED
Im*bed", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbedded; p. pr. & vb. n. Imbedding.]
Etym: [Pref. im- in + bed. Cf. Embed.]

Defn: To sink or lay, as in a bed; to deposit in a partly inclosing
mass, as of clay or mortar; to cover, as with earth, sand, etc.

IMBELLIC
Im*bel"lic, a. Etym: [L. imbellis; pref. im- = in- not + bellum war;
cf. bellicus warlike.]

Defn: Not warlike or martial. [Obs.] R. Junius.

IMBENCHING
Im*bench"ing, n. Etym: [Pref. im- in + bench.]

Defn: A raised work like a bench. [Obs.] Parkhurst.

IMBER-GOOSE
Im"ber-goose`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The loon. See Ember-goose.

IMBEZZLE
Im*bez"zle, v. t. [Obs.]

Defn: See Embezzle.

IMBIBE
Im*bibe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbibed; p. pr. & vb. n. Imbibing.]
Etym: [L. imbibere; pref. im- in + bibere to drink: cf. F. imbiber.
Cf. Bib, Imbue, Potable.]

1. To drink in; to absorb; to suck or take in; to receive as by
drinking; as, a person imbibes drink, or a sponge imbibes moisture.

2. To receive or absorb into the mind and retain; as, to imbibe
principles; to imbibe errors.

3. To saturate; to imbue. [Obs.] "Earth, imbibed with . . . acid."
Sir I. Newton.

IMBIBER
Im*bib"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, imbibes.

IMBIBITION
Im`bi*bi"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. imbibition.]

Defn: The act or process of imbibing, or absorbing; as, the post-
mortem imbibition of poisons. Bacon.

IMBITTER
Im*bit"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbittered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Imbittering.] Etym: [Pref. im- in + bitter. Cf. Embitter.] [Written
also embitter.]

Defn: To make bitter; hence, to make distressing or more distressing;
to make sad, morose, sour, or malignant.
Is there anything that more imbitters the enjoyment of this life than
shame South.
Imbittered against each other by former contests. Bancroft.

IMBITTERER
Im*bit"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, imbitters.

IMBITTERMENT
Im*bit"ter*ment, n.

Defn: The act of imbittering; bitter feeling; embitterment.

IMBLAZE
Im*blaze", v. t.

Defn: See Emblaze.

IMBLAZON
Im*bla"zon, v. t.

Defn: See Emblazon.

IMBODY
Im*bod"y, v. i. Etym: [See Embody.]

Defn: To become corporeal; to assume the qualities of a material
body. See Embody.
The soul grows clotted by contagion, Imbodies, and imbrutes. Milton.

IMBOIL
Im*boil", v. t. & i. [Obs.]

Defn: See Emboil.

IMBOLDEN
Im*bold"en, v. t.

Defn: See Embolden.

IMBONITY
Im*bon"i*ty, n. Etym: [Pref. im- not + L. bonitas goodness.]

Defn: Want of goodness. [Obs.] Burton.

IMBORDER
Im*bor"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbordered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Imbordering.] Etym: [Pref. im- in + border. Cf. Emborder.]

Defn: To furnish or inclose with a border; to form a border of.
Milton.

IMBOSK
Im*bosk", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbosked; p. pr. & vb. n. Imbosking.]
Etym: [CF. It. imboscare to imbosk, imboscarsi to retire into a wood;
pref. im- in + bosco wood. See Boscage, and cf. Ambush.]

Defn: To conceal, as in bushes; to hide. [Obs.] Shelton.

IMBOSK
Im*bosk", v. i.

Defn: To be concealed. [R.] Milton.

IMBOSOM
Im*bos"om, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbosomed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Imbosoming.] Etym: [Pref. im- in + bosom. Cf. Embosom.]

1. To hold in the bosom; to cherish in the heart or affection; to
embosom.

2. To inclose or place in the midst of; to surround or shelter; as, a
house imbosomed in a grove. "Villages imbosomed soft in trees."
Thomson.
The Father infinite, By whom in bliss imbosomed sat the Son. Milton.

IMBOSS
Im*boss", v. t.

Defn: See Emboss.

IMBOSTURE
Im*bos"ture, n. Etym: [See Emboss.]

Defn: Embossed or raised work. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

IMBOUND
Im*bound", v. t.

Defn: To inclose in limits; to shut in. [Obs.] Shak.

IMBOW
Im*bow", v. t. Etym: [Pref. im- in + bow. Cf. Embow.]

Defn: To make like a bow; to curve; to arch; to vault; to embow.
"Imbowed windows." Bacon.

IMBOWEL
Im*bow"el, v. t.

Defn: See Embowel.

IMBOWER
Im*bow"er, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Embower.

IMBOWMENT
Im*bow"ment, n.

Defn: act of imbowing; an arch; a vault. Bacon.

IMBOX
Im*box", v. t.

Defn: To inclose in a box.

IMBRACERY
Im*bra"cer*y, n.

Defn: Embracery. [Obs.]

IMBRAID
Im*braid", v. t. [Obs.]

Defn: See Embraid.

IMBRANGLE
Im*bran"gle, v. t.

Defn: To entangle as in a cobweb; to mix confusedly. [R.] Hudibras.
Physiology imbrangled with an inapplicable logic. Coleridge.

IMBREED
Im*breed", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Inbreed.]

Defn: To generate within; to inbreed. [Obs.] Hakewill.

IMBRICATE; IMBRICATED
Im"bri*cate, Im"bri*ca`ted, a. Etym: [L. imbricatus, p.p. of
imbricare to cover with tiles, to form like a gutter tile, fr.
imbrex, -icis, a hollow tile, gutter tile, fr. imber rain.]

1. Bent and hollowed like a roof or gutter tile.

2. Lying over each other in regular order, so as to "break joints,"
like tiles or shingles on a roof, the scales on the leaf buds of
plants and the cups of some acorns, or the scales of fishes;
overlapping each other at the margins, as leaves in æstivation.

3. In decorative art: Having scales lapping one over the other, or a
representation of such scales; as, an imbricated surface; an
imbricated pattern.

IMBRICATE
Im"bri*cate, v. t.

Defn: To lay in order, one lapping over another, so as to form an
imbricated surface.

IMBRICATION
Im`bri*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. imbrication.]

Defn: An overlapping of the edges, like that of tiles or shingles;
hence, intricacy of structure; also, a pattern or decoration
representing such a structure.

IMBRICATIVE
Im"bri*ca*tive, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Imbricate.

IMBROCADO
Im`bro*ca"do, n.; pl. Imbrocadoes. Etym: [See Brocade.]

Defn: Cloth of silver or of gold. [R.]

IMBROCATA; IMBROCCATA
Im`bro*ca"ta, Im`broc*ca"ta, n. Etym: [It. imbroccata.]

Defn: A hit or thrust. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

IMBROGLIO
Im*brogl"io, n.; pl. Imbroglios. [Written also embroglio.] Etym: [It.
See 1st Broil, and cf. Embroil.]

1. An intricate, complicated plot, as of a drama or work of fiction.

2. A complicated and embarrassing state of things; a serious
misunderstanding.
Wrestling to free itself from the baleful imbroglio. Carlyle.

IMBROWN
Im*brown", v. t. Etym: [Pref. im- in + brown. Cf. Embrown.]

Defn: To make brown; to obscure; to darken; to tan; as, features
imbrowned by exposure.
The mountain mass by scorching skies imbrowned. Byron.

IMBRUE
Im*brue", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbureed; p. pr. & vb. n. Imbureing.]
Etym: [Cf. OF. embruer, also embruver, embreuver, embrever, to give
to drink, soak (see pref. En-, 1, 1st In-, and Breverage), but also
OE. enbrewen, enbrowen, to stain, soil (cf. Brewis).]

Defn: To wet or moisten; to soak; to drench, especially in blood.
While Darwen stream, will blood of Scots imbrued. Milton.

IMBRUEMENT
Im*brue"ment, n.

Defn: The act of imbruing or state of being imbrued.

IMBRUTE
Im*brute", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbruted; p. pr. & vb. n. Imbruting.]
Etym: [Pref. im- in + brute: cf. F. abrutir. Cf. Embrute.]

Defn: To degrade to the state of a brute; to make brutal.
And mixed with bestial slime, This essence to incarnate and imbrute.
Milton.

IMBRUTE
Im*brute", v. i.

Defn: To sink to the state of a brute.
The soul grows clotted by contagion, Imbodies, and imbrutes, till she
quite lose The divine property of her first being. Milton.

IMBRUTEMENT
Im*brute"ment, n.

Defn: The act of imbruting, or the state of being imbruted. [R.]
Brydges.

IMBUE
Im*bue", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbued; p. pr. & vb. n. Imbuing.] Etym:
[L. imbuere; pref. im- in + perh. a disused simple word akin to L.
bibere to drink. Cf. Imbibe.]

1. To tinge deeply; to dye; to cause to absorb; as, clothes
thoroughly imbued with black.

2. To tincture deply; to cause to become impressed or penetrated; as,
to imbue the minds of youth with good principles.
Thy words with grace divine Imbued, bring to their sweetness no
satiety. Milton.

IMBUEMENT
Im*bue"ment, n.

Defn: The act of imbuing; the state of being imbued; hence, a deep
tincture.

IMBURSE
Im*burse", v. t. Etym: [Pref. im- in + burse: cf. F. embourser to put
into one's purse. See Burse, and Purse.]

Defn: To supply or stock with money. [Obs.]

IMBURSEMENT
Im*burse"ment, n.

1. The act of imbursing, or the state of being imbursed. [Obs.]

2. Money laid up in stock. [Obs.]

IMBUTION
Im*bu"tion, n.

Defn: An imbuing. [Obs.]

IMESATIN
I*mes"a*tin, n. Etym: [Imide + isatin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A dark yellow, crystalline substance, obtained by the action of
ammonia on isatin.

IMIDE
Im"ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound with, or derivative of, the imido group; specif., a
compound of one or more acid radicals with the imido group, or with a
monamine; hence, also, a derivative of ammonia, in which two atoms of
hydrogen have been replaced by divalent basic or acid radicals; --
frequently used as a combining form; as, succinimide.

IMIDO
Im"i*do, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or combined with, the radical NH,
which is called the imido group. Imido acid, an organic acid,
consisting of one or more acid radicals so united with the imido
group that it contains replaceable acid hydrogen, and plays the part
of an acid; as, uric acid, succinimide, etc., are imido acids.

IMITABILITY
Im`it*a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [See Imitable.]

Defn: The quality of being imitable. Norris.

IMITABLE
Im"i*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. imitabilis: cf. F. imitable. See Imitate.]

1. Capble of being imitated or copied.
The characters of man placed in lower stations of life are more
usefull, as being imitable by great numbers. Atterbury.

2. Worthy of imitation; as, imitable character or qualities. Sir W.
Raleigh.

IMITABLENESS
Im"i*ta*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being imitable; worthness of imitation.

IMITANCY
Im"i*tan*cy, n. Etym: [From L. imitans, p. pr. of imitare.]

Defn: Tendency to imitation. [R.] Carlyle.

IMITATE
Im"i*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imitated; p. pr. & vb. n. Imitating.]
Etym: [L. imitatus, p. p. of imitari to imitate; of unknown origin.
Cf. Image.]

1. To follow as a pattern, model, or example; to copy or strive to
copy, in acts, manners etc.
Despise wealth and imitate a dog. Cowlay.

2. To produce a semblance or likeness of, in form, character, color,
qualities, conduct, manners, and the like; to counterfeit; to copy.
A place picked out by choice of best alive The Nature's work by art
can imitate. Spenser.
This hand appeared a shining sword to weild, And that sustained an
imitated shield. Dryden.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: To resemble (another species of animal, or a plant, or
inanimate object) in form, color, ornamentation, or instinctive
habits, so as to derive an advantage thereby; sa, when a harmless
snake imitates a venomous one in color and manner, or when an
odorless insect imitates, in color, one having secretion offensive to
birds.

IMITATION
Im"i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. imitatio: cf. F. imitation.]

1. The act of imitating.
Poesy is an art of imitation, . . . that is to say, a representing,
counterfeiting, or figuring forth. Sir P. Sidney.

2. That which is made or produced as a copy; that which is made to
resemble something else, whether for laudable or for fraudulent
purposes; likeness; resemblance.
Both these arts are not only true imitations of nature, but of the
best nature. Dryden.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: One of the principal means of securing unity and consistency in
polyphonic composition; the repetition of essentially the same
melodic theme, phrase, or motive, on different degrees of pitch, by
one or more of the other parts of voises. Cf. Canon.

4. (Biol.)

Defn: The act of condition of imitating another species of animal, or
a plant, or unanimate object. See Imitate, v. t., 3.

Note: Imitation is often used adjectively to characterize things
which have a deceptive appearance, simulating the qualities of a
superior article; -- opposed to real or genuine; as, imitation lace;
imitation bronze; imitation modesty, etc.

IMITATIONAL
Im`i*ta"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or employed in, imitation; as, imitational
propensities.

IMITATIVE
Im"i*ta*tive, a. Etym: [L. imitavitus: cf. F. imitatif.]

1. Inclined to imitate, copy, or follow; imitating; exhibiting some
of the qualities or characteristics of a pattern or model; dependent
on example; not original; as, man is an imitative being; painting is
an imitative art.

2. Formed after a model, pattern, or original.
This temple, less in form, with equal grace, Was imitative of the
first in Thrace. Dryden.

3. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Designed to imitate another species of animal, or a plant, or
inanimate object, for some useful purpose, such as protection from
enemies; having resamblance to something else; as, imitative colors;
imitative habits; dendritic and mammillary forms of minerals are
imitative.
 -- Im"i*ta*tive*ly, adv.
 -- Im"i*ta*tive*ness, n.

IMITATIVE
Im"i*ta*tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: A verb expressive of imitation or resemblance. [R.]

IMITATOR
Im"i*ta"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who imitates.

IMITATORSHIP
Im"i*ta`tor*ship, n.

Defn: The state or office of an imitator. "Servile imitatorship."
Marston.

IMITATRESS
Im"i*ta`tress, n.

Defn: A woman who is an imitator.

IMITATRIX
Im"i*ta`trix, n.

Defn: An imitatress.

IMMACULATE
Im*mac"u*late, a. Etym: [L. immaculatus; pref. im- not + maculatus,
p. p. of maculare to spot, stane, fr. macula spot. See Mail armor.]

Defn: Without stain or blemish; spotless; undefiled; clear; pure.
Were but my soul as pure From other guilt as that, Heaven did not
hold One more immaculate. Denham.
Thou sheer, immaculate and silver fountain. Shak.
Immaculate conception (R. C. Ch.), the doctrine that the Virgin Mary
was conceived without original sin.
 -- Im*mac"u*late*ly, adv.
 -- Im*mac"u*late*ness, n.

IMMAILED
Im*mailed", a.

Defn: Wearing mail or armor; clad of armor. W. Browne.

IMMALLEABLE
Im*mal"le*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not maleable.

IMMANACLE
Im*man"a*cle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immanacled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Immanacling.]

Defn: To manacle; to fetter; hence; to confine; to restrain from free
action.
Although this corporal rind Thou hast immanacled. Milton.

IMMANATION
Im"ma*na"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. im- in + L. manare to flow; cf. mantio
a flowing.]

Defn: A flowing or entering in; -- opposed to emanation. [R.] Good.

IMMANE
Im*mane", a. Etym: [L. immanis.]

Defn: Very great; huge; vast; also, monstrous in character; inhuman;
atrocious; fierce. [Obs.] "So immane a man." Chapman.
 -- Im*mane"ly, adv. [Obs.]

IMMANENCE; IMMANENCY
Im"ma*nence, Im"ma*nen*cy, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being immanent; inherence; an
indwelling.
[Clement] is mainly concerned in enforcing the immanence of God.
Christ is everywhere presented by him as Deity indwelling in the
world. A. V. G. Allen.

IMMANENT
Im"ma*nent, a. Etym: [L. immanens, p. pr. of immanere to remain in or
near; pref. im- in + manere to remain: cf. F. immanent.]

Defn: Remaining within; inherent; indwelling; abiding; intrinsic;
internal or subjective; hence, limited in activity, agency, or
effect, to the subject or associated acts; -- opposed to emanant,
transitory, transitive, or objective.
A cognition is an immanent act of mind. Sir W. Hamilton.
An immanent power in the life of the world. Hare.

IMMANIFEST
Im*man"i*fest, a.

Defn: Not manifest. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

IMMANITY
Im*man"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. immanitas.]

Defn: The state or quality of being immane; barbarity. [R.] Shak.

IMMANTLE
Im*man"tle, v. t.

Defn: See Emmantle. [R.]

IMMANUEL
Im*man"u*el, n. Etym: [Heb. 'imman, fr. 'im with + an us + el God.]

Defn: God with us; -- an appellation of the Christ. Is. vii. 14.
Matt. i. 23.

IMMARCESCIBLE
Im`mar*ces"ci*ble, a. Etym: [L. immarcescibilis; pref. im- not +
marcescere to fade: cf. F. immarcescible.]

Defn: Unfading; lasting. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

IMMARCESCIBLY
Im`mar*ces"ci*bly, adv.

Defn: Unfadingly. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

IMMARGINATE
Im*mar"gin*ate, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Not having a distinctive margin or border. Grey.

IMMARTIAL
Im*mar"tial, a.

Defn: Not martial; unwarlike. [Obs.]

IMMASK
Im*mask", v. t.

Defn: To cover, as with a mask; to disguise or conceal. [R.] Shak.

IMMATCHABLE
Im*match"a*ble, a.

Defn: Matchless; peerless. [Obs.] Holland.

IMMATERIAL
Im"ma*te"ri*al, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + material: cf. F.
immatériel.]

1. Not consisting of matter; incorporeal; spiritual; disembodied.
Angels are spirits immaterial and intellectual. Hooker.

2. Of no substantial consequence; without weight or significance;
unimportant; as, it is wholly immaterial whether he does so or not.

Syn.
 -- Unimportant; inconsequential; insignificant; inconsiderable;
trifling.

IMMATERIALISM
Im`ma*te"ri*al*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. immatérialisme.]

1. The doctrine that immaterial substances or spiritual being exist,
or are possible.

2. (Philos.)

Defn: The doctrine that external bodies may be reduced to mind and
ideas in a mind; any doctrine opposed to materialism or
phenomenalism, esp. a system that maintains the immateriality of the
soul; idealism; esp., Bishop Berkeley's theory of idealism.

IMMATERIALIST
Im`ma*te"ri*al*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. immatérialiste.] (Philos.)

Defn: One who believes in or professes, immaterialism.

IMMATERIALITY
Im`ma*te`ri*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Immaterialities. Etym: [Cf. F.
immatérialité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being immaterial or incorporeal; as,
the immateriality of the soul.

IMMATERIALIZE
Im`ma*te"ri*al*ize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. immatérialiser.]

Defn: To render immaterial or incorporeal.
Immateralized spirits. Glanvill.

IMMATERIALLY
Im`ma*te"ri*al*ly, adv.

1. In an immaterial manner; without matter or corporeal substance.

2. In an unimportant manner or degree.

IMMATERIALNESS
Im`ma*te"ri*al*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being immaterial; immateriality.

IMMATERIATE
Im`ma*te"ri*ate, a.

Defn: Immaterial. [Obs.] Bacon.

IMMATURE
Im`ma*ture", a. Etym: [L. immaturus; pref. im- not + maturus mature,
ripe. See Mature.]

1. Not mature; unripe; not arrived at perfection of full development;
crude; unfinished; as, immature fruit; immature character; immature
plans. "An ill-measured and immature counsel." Bacon.

2. Premature; untimely; too early; as, an immature death. [R.] Jer.
Taylor.

IMMATURED
Im`ma*tured", a.

Defn: Immature.

IMMATURELY
Im`ma*ture"ly, adv.

Defn: In an immature manner. Warburion.

IMMATURENESS
Im`ma*ture"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being immature; immaturity. Boyle.

IMMATURITY
Im`ma*tu"ri*ty, n. Etym: [L. immaturitas: cf. F. immaturité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being immature or not fully developed;
unripeness; incompleteness.
When the world has outgrown its intellectual immaturity. Caird.

IMMEABILITY
Im`me*a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Pref. im- not + L. meabilis passable, fr.
meare to pass.]

Defn: Want of power to pass, or to permit passage; impassableness.
Immeability of the juices. Arbuthnot.

IMMEASURABILITY
Im*meas`ur*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being immeasurable; immensurability.

IMMEASURABLE
Im*meas"ur*a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + measurable: cf. F.
measurable. Cf. Immensurable, Unmeasurable.]

Defn: Incapble of being measured; indefinitely extensive;
illimitable; immensurable; vast.
Of depth immeasurable. Milton.

IMMEASURABLENESS
Im*meas"ur*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being immeasurable.
Eternity and immeasurableness belong to thought alone. F. W.
Robertson.

IMMEASURABLY
Im*meas"ur*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an immeasurable manner or degree. "Immeasurably distant."
Wordsworth.

IMMEASURED
Im*meas"ured, a.

Defn: Immeasurable. [R.] Spenser.

IMMECHANICAL
Im`me*chan"ic*al, a.

Defn: Not mechanical. [Obs.] Cheyne.
 -- Im"me*chan"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.]

IMMEDIACY
Im*me"di*a*cy, n.

Defn: The relation of freedom from the interventionof a medium;
immediateness. Shak.

IMMEDIATE
Im*me"di*ate, a. Etym: [F. immédiat. See In- not, and Mediate.]

1. Not separated in respect to place by anything intervening;
proximate; close; as, immediate contact.
You are the most immediate to our throne. Shak.

2. Not deferred by an interval of time; present; instant. "Assemble
we immediate council." Shak.
Death . . . not yet inflicted, as he feared, By some immediate
stroke. Milton.

3. Acting with nothing interposed or between, or without the
intervention of another object as a cause, means, or agency; acting,
perceived, or produced, directly; as, an immediate cause.
The immediate knowledge of the past is therefore impossible. Sir. W.
Hamilton.
Immediate amputation (Surg.), an amputation performed within the
first few hours after an injury, and before the the effects of the
shock have passed away.

Syn.
 -- Proximate; close; direct; next.

IMMEDIATELY
Im*me"di*ate*ly, adv.

1. In an immediate manner; without intervention of any other person
or thing; proximately; directly; -- opposed to mediately; as,
immediately contiguous.
God's acceptance of it either immediately by himself, or mediately by
the hands of the bishop. South.

2. Without interval of time; without delay; promptly; instantly; at
once.
And Jesus . . . touched him, saying, I will; be thou clean. And
immediately his leprosy was cleansed. Matt. viii. 3.

3. As soon as. Cf. Directly,

8, Note.

Syn.
 -- Directly; instantly; quickly; forthwith; straightway; presently.
See Directly.

IMMEDIATENESS
Im*me"di*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or relations of being immediate in manner, place,
or time; exemption from second or interventing causes. Bp. Hall.

IMMEDIATISM
Im*me"di*a*tism, n.

Defn: Immediateness.

IMMEDICABLE
Im*med"i*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. Immedicabilis. See In- not, and
Medicable.]

Defn: Not to be healed; incurable. "Wounds immedicable." Milton.

IMMELODIOUS
Im`me*lo"di*ous, a.

Defn: Not melodious.

IMMEMORABLE
Im*mem"o*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. immemorabilis; pref. im- not +
memorabilis memorable: cf. F. immémorable. See Memorable.]

Defn: Not memorable; not worth remembering. Johnson.

IMMEMORIAL
Im`me*mo"ri*al, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + memorial: cf. F.
immémorial.]

Defn: Extending beyond the reach of memory, record, or tradition;
indefinitely ancient; as, existing from time immemorial. "Immemorial
elms." Tennyson. "Immemorial usage or custom." Sir M. Hale. Time
immemorial (Eng. Law.), a time antedating (legal) history, and beyond
"legal memory" so called; formerly an indefinite time, but in 1276
this time was fixed by statute as the begining of the reign of
Richard I. (1189). Proof of unbroken possession or use of any right
since that date made it unnecessary to establish the original grant.
In 1832 the plan of dating legal memory from a fixed time was
abandoned and the principle substituted that rights which had been
enjoyed for full twenty years (or as against the crown thirty years)
should not be liable to impeachment merely by proving that they had
not been enjoyed before.

IMMEMORIALLY
Im`me*mo"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Beyond memory. Bentley.

IMMENSE
Im*mense", a. Etym: [L. immensus; pref. im- not + mensus, p. p. of
metiri to measure: cf. F. immense. See Measure.]

Defn: Immeasurable; unlimited. In commonest use: Very great; vast;
huge. "Immense the power" Pope. "Immense and boundless ocean."
Daniel.
O Goodness infinite! Goodness immense! Milton.

Syn.
 -- Infinite; immeasurable; illimitable; unbounded; unlimited;
interminable; vast; prodigious; enormous; monstrous. See Enormous.

IMMENSELY
Im*mense"ly, adv.

Defn: In immense manner or degree.

IMMENSENESS
Im*mense"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being immense.

IMMENSIBLE
Im*men"si*ble, a. Etym: [Immense + -ible.]

Defn: Immeasurable. [Obs.] Davies.

IMMENSITY
Im*men"si*ty, n.; pl. Immensities. Etym: [L. immensitas: cf. F.
immensité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being immense; inlimited or
immeasurable extension; infinity; vastness in extent or bulk;
greatness.
Lost in the wilds of vast immensity. Blackmore.
The immensity of the material system. I. Taylor.

IMMENSIVE
Im*men"sive, a.

Defn: Huge. [Obs.] Herrick.

IMMENSURABILITY
Im*men`su*ra*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being immensurable.

IMMENSURABLE
Im*men"su*ra*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + L. mensurabilis
measurable: cf. F. immensurable. Cf. Immeasurable.]

Defn: Immeasurable.
What an immensurable space is the firmament. Derham.

IMMENSURATE
Im*men"su*rate, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + mensurate.]

Defn: Unmeasured; unlimited. [R.] W. Montagu.

IMMERGE
Im*merge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immerged; p. pr. & vb. n. Immerging.]
Etym: [L. immergere; pref. im- in + mergere to dip, plunge: cf. F.
immerger. See Merge, and cf. Immerse.]

Defn: To plungel into, under, or within anything especially a fuid;
to dip; to immerse. See Immerse.
We took . . . lukewarm water, and in it immerged a quantity of the
leaves of senna. Boyle.
Their souls are immerged in matter. Jer. Taylor.

IMMERGE
Im*merge", v. i.

Defn: To dissapear by entering into any medium, as a star into the
light of the sun. [R.]

IMMERIT
Im*mer"it, n.

Defn: Want of worth; demerit. [R.] Suckling.

IMMERITED
Im*mer"it*ed, a.

Defn: Unmerited. [Obs.] Charles I.

IMMERITOUS
Im*mer"it*ous, a. Etym: [L. immeritus; pref. im- not + meritus, p. p.
of merere, mereri, to deserve.]

Defn: Undeserving. [Obs.] Milton.

IMMERSABLE
Im*mers"a*ble, a.

Defn: See Immersible.

IMMERSE
Im*merse", a. Etym: [L. immersus, p. p. of immergere. See Immerge.]

Defn: Immersed; buried; hid; sunk. [Obs.] "Things immerse in matter."
Bacon.

IMMERSE
Im*merse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immersed; p. pr. & vb. n. Immersing.]

1. To plunge into anything that surrounds or covers, especially into
a fluid; to dip; to sink; to bury; to immerge.
Deep immersed beneath its whirling wave. J Warton.
More than a mile immersed within the wood. Dryden.

2. To baptize by immersion.

3. To engage deeply; to engross the attention of; to involve; to
overhelm.
The queen immersed in such a trance. Tennyson.
It is impossible to have a lively hope in another life, and yet be
deeply immersed inn the enjoyments of this. Atterbury.

IMMERSED
Im*mersed", p. p. & a.

1. Deeply plunged into anything, especially a fluid.

2. Deeply occupied; engrossed; entangled.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing wholly under water. Gray.

IMMERSIBLE
Im*mers"i*ble, a. Etym: [From Immerse.]

Defn: Capable of being immersed.

IMMERSIBLE
Im*mers"i*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + L. mersus, p. p. of mergere
to plunge.]

Defn: Not capable of being immersed.

IMMERSION
Im*mer"sion, n. Etym: [L. immersio; cf. F. immersion.]

1. The act of immersing, or the state of being immersed; a sinking
within a fluid; a dipping; as, the immersion of Achilles in the Styx.

2. Submersion in water for the purpose of Christian baptism, as,
practiced by the Baptists.

3. The state of being overhelmed or deeply absorbed; deep
engagedness.
Too deep an immersion in the affairs of life. Atterbury.

4. (Astron.)

Defn: The dissapearance of a celestail body, by passing either behind
another, as in the occultation of a star, or into its shadow, as in
the eclipse of a satellite; -- opposed to emersion. Immersion lens, a
microscopic objective of short focal distance designed to work with a
drop of liquid, as oil, between the front lens and the slide, so that
this lens is practically immersed.

IMMERSIONIST
Im*mer"sion*ist, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: One who holds the doctrine that immersion is essential to
Christian baptism.

IMMESH
Im*mesh", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immeshed; p. pr. & vb. n. Immeshing.]
Etym: [Pref. im- in + mesh. Cf. Inmesh.]

Defn: To catch or entangle in, or as in, the meshes of a net. or in a
web; to insnare.

IMMETHODICAL
Im`me*thod"ic*al, a.

Defn: Not methodical; without method or systematic arrangement;
without order or regularity; confused. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Irregular; confused; disoderly; unsystematic; desultory.

IMMETHODICALLY
Im`me*thod"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Without method; confusedly; unsystematically.

IMMETHODICALNESS
Im`me*thod"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: Want of method.

IMMETHODIZE
Im*meth"od*ize, v. t.

Defn: To render immethodical; to destroy the method of; to confuse.
[R.]

IMMETRICAL
Im*met"ric*al (, a.

Defn: Not metrical or rhythmical. [R.] Chapman.

IMMEW
Im*mew", v. t.

Defn: See Emmew.

IMMIGRANT
Im"mi*grant, n. Etym: [L. immigrans, p. pr. of immigrare to go into:
cf. F. immigrant. See Immigrate.]

Defn: One who immigrates; one who comes to a country for the purpose
of permanent residence; -- correlative of emigrant.

Syn.
 -- See Emigrant.

IMMIGRATE
Im"mi*grate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immigrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Immigrating.] Etym: [L. immigrare, immigratum, to immigrate; pref.
im- in + migrare to migrate. See Migrate.]

Defn: To come into a country of which one is not a native, for the
purpose of permanent residence. See Emigrate.

IMMIGRATION
Im"mi*gra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. immigration.]

Defn: The act of immigrating; the passing or coming into a country
for the purpose of permanent residence.
The immigrations of the Arabians into Europe. T. Warton.

IMMINENCE
Im"mi*nence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. imminence, L. imminentia, See
Imminent.]

1. The condition or quality of being imminent; a threatening, as of
something about to happen. The imminence of any danger or distress.
Fuller.

2. That which is imminent; impending evil or danger. "But dare all
imminence." Shak.

IMMINENT
Im"mi*nent, a. Etym: [L. imminens, p. pr. of imminere to project;
pref. im- in + minere (in comp.) to jut, project. See Eminent.]

1. Threatening to occur immediately; near at hand; impending; -- said
especially of misfortune or peril. "In danger imminent." Spenser.

2. Full of danger; threatening; menacing; perilous.
Hairbreadth scapes i' the imminent deadly breach. Shak.

3. (With upon) Bent upon; attentive to. [R.]
Their eyes ever imminent upon worldly matters. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Impending; threatening; near; at hand.
 -- Imminent, Impending, Threatening. Imminent is the strongest: it
denotes that something is ready to fall or happen on the instant; as,
in imminent danger of one's life. Impending denotes that something
hangs suspended over us, and may so remain indefinitely; as, the
impending evils of war. Threatening supposes some danger in prospect,
but more remote; as, threatening indications for the future.
Three times to-day You have defended me from imminent death. Shak.
No story I unfold of public woes, Nor bear advices of impending foes.
Pope.
Fierce faces threatening war. Milton.

IMMINENTLY
Im"mi*nent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an imminent manner.

IMMINGLE
Im*min"gle, v. t.

Defn: To mingle; to mix; to unite; to blend. [R.] Thomson.

IMMINUTION
Im`mi*nu"tion, n. Etym: [L. imminutio, fr. imminuere, imminutum, to
lessen; pref. im- in + minuere.]

Defn: A lessening; diminution; decrease. [R.] Ray.

IMMISCIBILITY
Im*mis"ci*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. immiscibilité.]

Defn: Incapability of being mixed, or mingled.

IMMISCIBLE
Im*mis"ci*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + miscible: cf. F.
immiscible.]

Defn: Not capable of being mixed or mingled.
A chaos of immiscible and conflicting particles. Cudworth.

IMMISSION
Im*mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. immissio: cf. F. immission. See Immit.]

Defn: The act of immitting, or of sending or thrusting in; injection;
-- the correlative of emission.

IMMIT
Im*mit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Immiting.]
Etym: [L. immittere, immissum; pref. im- in + mittere to send.]

Defn: To send in; to inject; to infuse; -- the correlative of emit.
[R.] Boyle.

IMMITIGABLE
Im*mit"i*ga*ble, a. Etym: [L. immitigabilis; fr. pref. im- not +
mitigare to mitigate.]

Defn: Not capable of being mitigated, softened, or appeased.
Coleridge.

IMMITIGABLY
Im*mit"i*ga*bly, adv.

Defn: In an immitigable manner.

IMMIX
Im*mix", v. t. Etym: [Pref. in- in + mix.]

Defn: To mix; to mingle. [R.]
Amongst her tears immixing prayers meek. Spenser.

IMMIXABLE
Im*mix"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not mixable. Bp. Wilkins.

IMMIXED
Im*mixed", a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + mixed, p. p. of mix.]

Defn: Unmixed. [Obs.]
How pure and immixed the design is. Boyle.

IMMIXTURE
Im*mix"ture, n.

Defn: Freedom from mixture; purity. [R.] W. Montagu.

IMMOBILE
Im*mo"bile, a. Etym: [L. immobilis: cf. F. immobile. See Immobility.]

Defn: Incapable of being moved; immovable; fixed; stable. Prof.
Shedd.

IMMOBILITY
Im`mo*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. immobilitas, fr. immobilis immovable;
pref. im- not + mobilis movable: cf. F. immobilité. See Mobile.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being immobile; fixedness in place
or state.

IMMOBILIZE
Im*mob"i*lize, v. t. Etym: [Pref. im- in + mobilize; cf. f.
immobiliser.]

Defn: To make immovable; in surgery, to make immovable (a naturally
mobile part, as a joint) by the use of splints, or stiffened
bandages.

IMMOBLE
Im*mo"ble, a. [Obs.]

Defn: See Immobile.

IMMODERACY
Im*mod"er*a*cy, n. Etym: [From Immoderate.]

Defn: Immoderateness. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

IMMODERANCY
Im*mod"er*an*cy, n. Etym: [L. immoderantia.]

Defn: Immoderateness; excess. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

IMMODERATE
Im*mod"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. immoderatus; pref. im- not + moderatus
moderate. See Moderate.]

Defn: Not moderate; exceeding just or usual and suitable bounds;
excessive; extravagant; unreasonable; as, immoderate demands;
immoderate grief; immoderate laughter.
So every scope by the immoderate use Turns to restraint. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Excessive; exorbitant; unreasonable; extravagant; intemperate;
inordinate.

IMMODERATELY
Im*mod"er*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: In an immoderate manner; excessively.

IMMODERATENESS
Im*mod"er*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being immoderate; excess; extravagance. Puller.

IMMODERATION
Im*mod`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. immoderatio: cf. F. imodération.]

Defn: Want of moderation. Hallywell.

IMMODEST
Im*mod"est, a. Etym: [F. immodeste, L. immodestus immoderate; pref.
im- not + modestus modest. See Modest.]

1. Not limited to due bounds; immoderate.

2. Not modest; wanting in the reserve or restraint which decorum and
decency require; indecent; indelicate; obscene; lewd; as, immodest
persons, behavior, words, pictures, etc.
Immodest deeds you hinder to be wrought, But we proscribe the least
immodest thought. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Indecorous; indelicate; shameless; shameful; impudent; indecent;
impure; unchaste; lewd; obscene.

IMMODESTLY
Im*mod"est*ly, adv.

Defn: In an immodest manner.

IMMODESTY
Im*mod"es*ty, n. Etym: [L. immodestia: cf. F. immodestie.]

Defn: Want of modesty, delicacy, or decent reserve; indecency. "A
piece of immodesty." Pope.

IMMOLATE
Im"mo*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immolated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Immolating.] Etym: [L. immolatus, p. p. of immolare to sacrifice,
orig., to sprinkle a victim with sacrifical meal; pref. im- in + mola
grits or grains of spelt coarsely ground and mixed with salt; also,
mill. See Molar, Meal ground grain.]

Defn: To sacrifice; to offer in sacrifice; to kill, as a sacrificial
victim.
Worshipers, who not only immolate to them [the deities] the lives of
men, but . . . the virtue and honor of women. Boyle.

IMMOLATION
Im`mo*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. immolatio: cf. F. immolation.]

1. The act of immolating, or the state of being immolated, or
sacrificed. Sir. T. Browne.

2. That which is immolated; a sacrifice.

IMMOLATOR
Im"mo*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who offers in sacrifice; specifically, one of a sect of
Russian fanatics who practice self-mutilatio and sacrifice.

IMMOLD; IMMOULD
Im*mold", Im*mould", v. t.

Defn: To mold into shape, or form. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

IMMOMENT
Im*mo"ment, a. Etym: [See Immomentous.]

Defn: Trifling. [R.] "Immoment toys." Shak.

IMMOMENTOUS
Im`mo*men"tous, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + momentous.]

Defn: Not momentous; unimportant; insignificant. [R.] A. Seward.

IMMORAL
Im*mor"al, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + moral: cf. F. immoral.]

Defn: Not moral; inconsistent with rectitude, purity, or good morals;
contrary to conscience or the divine law; wicked; unjust; dishonest;
vicious; licentious; as, an immoral man; an immoral deed.

Syn.
 -- Wicked; sinful; criminal; vicious; unjust; dishonest; depraved;
impure; unchaste; profligate; dissolute; abandoned; licentious; lewd;
obscene.

IMMORALITY
Im`mo*ral"i*ty, n.; pl. Immoralities. Etym: [Cf. F. immoralité.]

1. The state or quality of being immoral; vice.
The root of all immorality. Sir W. Temple.

2. An immoral act or practice.
Luxury and sloth and then a great drove of heresies and immoralities
broke loose among them. Milton.

IMMORALLY
Im*mor"al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an immoral manner; wickedly.

IMMORIGEROUS
Im`mo*rig"er*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + morigerous.]

Defn: Rude; uncivil; disobedient. [Obs.] -- Im`mo*rig"er*ous*ness, n.
[Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

IMMORTAL
Im*mor"tal, a. Etym: [L. immortalis; pref. im- not + mortalis mortal:
cf. F. immortel. See Mortal, and cf. Immortelle.]

1. Not mortal; exempt from liability to die; undying; imperishable;
lasting forever; having unlimited, or eternal, existance.
Unto the King eternal, immortal, invisible. 1 Tim. i. 17.
For my soul, what can it do to that, Being a thing immortal as itself
Shak.

2. Connected with, or pertaining to immortability.
I have immortal longings in me. Shak.

3. Destined to live in all ages of this world; abiding; exempt from
oblivion; imperishable; as, immortal fame.
One of the few, immortal names, That were not born yo die. Halleck.

4. Great; excessive; grievous. [Obs.] Hayward. Immortal flowers,
imortelles; everlastings.

Syn.
 -- Eternal; everlasting; never-ending; ceaseless; perpetual;
continual; enduring; endless; imperishable; incorruptible; deathless;
undying.

IMMORTAL
Im*mor"tal, n.

Defn: One who will never cease to be; one exempt from death, decay,
or annihilation. Bunyan.

IMMORTALIST
Im*mor"tal*ist, n.

Defn: One who holds the doctrine of the immortality of the soul. [R.]
Jer. Taylor.

IMMORTALITY
Im`mor*tal"i*ty, n.; pl. Immortalities. Etym: [L. immortalitas: cf.
F. immortalité.]

1. The quality or state of being immortal; exemption from death and
annihilation; unending existance; as, the immortality of the soul.
This mortal must put on immortality. 1 Cor. xv. 53.

2. Exemption from oblivion; perpetuity; as, the immortality of fame.

IMMORTALIZATION
Im*mor`tal*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of immortalizing, or state of being immortalized.

IMMORTALIZE
Im*mor"tal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immortalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Immortalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. immortaliser.]

1. To render immortal; to cause to live or exist forever. S. Clarke.

2. To exempt from oblivion; to perpetuate in fame.
Alexander had no Homer to immortalize his quilty name. T. Dawes.

IMMORTALIZE
Im*mor"tal*ize, v. i.

Defn: To become immortal. [R.]

IMMORTALLY
Im*mor"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: In an immortal manner.

IMMORTELLE
Im`mor*telle", n.; pl. Immortelles. Etym: [F. See Immortal.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant with a conspicuous, dry, unwithering involucre, as the
species of Antennaria, Helichrysum, Gomphrena, etc. See Everlasting.

IMMORTIFICATION
Im*mor`ti*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Failure to mortify the passions. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

IMMOVABILITY
Im*mov"a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being immovable; fixedness;
steadfastness; as, immovability of a heavy body; immovability of
purpose.

IMMOVABLE
Im*mov"a*ble, a.

1. Incapable of being moved; firmly fixed; fast; -- used of material
things; as, an immovable foundatin.
Immovable, infixed, and frozen round. Milton.

2. Steadfast; fixed; unalterable; unchangeable; -- used of the mind
or will; as, an immovable purpose, or a man who remain immovable.

3. Not capable of being affected or moved in feeling or by sympathy;
unimpressible; impassive. Dryden.

4. (Law.)

Defn: Not liable to be removed; permanent in place or tenure; fixed;
as, an immovable estate. See Immovable, n. Blackstone. Immovable
apparatus (Med.), an appliance, like the plaster of paris bandage,
which keeps fractured parts firmly in place.
 -- Immovable feasts (Eccl.), feasts which occur on a certain day of
the year and do not depend on the date of Easter; as, Christmas, the
Epiphany, etc.

IMMOVABLE
Im*mov"a*ble, n.

1. That which can not be moved.

2. pl. (Civil Law)

Defn: Lands and things adherent thereto by nature, as trees; by the
hand of man, as buildings and their accessories; by their
destination, as seeds, plants, manure, etc.; or by the objects to
which they are applied, as servitudes. Ayliffe. Bouvier.

IMMOVABLENESS
Im*mov"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being immovable.

IMMOVABLY
Im*mov"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an immovable manner.

IMMUND
Im*mund", a. Etym: [L.immundus; pref. im- not + mundus clean.]

Defn: Unclean. [R.] Burton.

IMMUNDICITY
Im`mun*dic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. immondicité, L. immunditia,
immundities.]

Defn: Uncleanness; filthness. [R.] W. Montagu.

IMMUNE
Im*mune", a. Etym: [L. immunis. See Immunity.]

Defn: Exempt; protected by inoculation.
 -- Im*mu"nize, v. t.

IMMUNITY
Im*mu"ni*ty, n.; pl. Immunities. Etym: [L. immunitas, fr. immunis
free from a public service; pref. im- not + munis complaisant,
obliging, cf. munus service, duty: cf. F. immunité. See Common, and
cf. Mean, a.]

1. Freedom or exemption from any charge, duty, obligation, office,
tax, imposition, penalty, or service; a particular privilege; as, the
immunities of the free cities of Germany; the immunities of the
clergy.

2. Freedom; exemption; as, immunity from error.

IMMURE
Im*mure", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immured; p. pr. & vb. n. Immuring.]
Etym: [Pref. im- in + mure: cf. F. emmurer.]

1. To wall around; to surround with walls. [Obs.] Sandys.

2. To inclose whithin walls, or as within walls; hence, to shut up;
to imprison; to incarcerate.
Those tender babes Whom envy hath immured within your walls. Shak.
This huge convex of fire, Outrageous to devour, immures us round.
Milton.

IMMURE
Im*mure", n.

Defn: A wall; an inclosure. [Obs.] Shak.

IMMUREMENT
Im*mure"ment, n.

Defn: The act iif immuring, or the state of being immured;
imprsonment.

IMMUSICAL
Im*mu"sic*al, a.

Defn: Inharmonious; unmusical; discordant. Bacon.

IMMUTABILITY
Im*mu`ta*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. immutabilitas: cf. F. immutabilité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being immutable; immutableness. Heb.
vi. 17.

IMMUTABLE
Im*mu"ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. immutabilis; pref. im- not + mutabilis
mutable. See Mutable.]

Defn: Not mutable; not capable or susceptible of change;
unchangeable; unalterable.
That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to
lie, we might have a strong consolation. Heb. vi. 18.
Immutable, immortal, infinite, Eternal King. Milton.
-- Im*mu"ta*ble*ness, n.
 -- Im*mu"ta*bly, adv.

IMMUTATE
Im*mu"tate, a. Etym: [L. immutatus, p. p. of immature.]

Defn: Unchanged. [Obs.]

IMMUTATION
Im"mu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. immutatio, from immutare, immutatum, to
change. See Immute.]

Defn: Change; alteration; mutation. [R.] Dr. H. More.

IMMUTE
Im*mute", v. t. Etym: [L. immutare, immutatum; perf. im- in + mutare
to change : cf. OF. immuter.]

Defn: To change or alter. [Obs.] J. Salkeld.

IMP
Imp, n. Etym: [OE. imp a graft, AS. impa; akin to Dan. ympe, Sw. ymp,
prob. fr. LL. impotus, Gr. be. See 1st In-, Be.]

1. A shoot; a scion; a bud; a slip; a graft. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. An offspring; progeny; child; scion. [Obs.]
The tender imp was weaned. Fairfax.

3. A young or inferior devil; a little, malignant spirit; a puny
demon; a contemptible evil worker.
To mingle in the clamorous fray Of squabbling imps. Beattie.

4. Something added to, or united with, another, to lengthen it out or
repair it, -- as, an addition to a beehive; a feather inserted in a
broken wing of a bird; a length of twisted hair in a fishing line.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

IMP
Imp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imped; p. pr. & vb. n. Imping.] Etym: [AS.
impian to imp, ingraft, plant; akin to Dan. ympe, Sw. ympa, OHG.
impfon, impiton, G. impfen. See Imp, n.]

1. To graft; to insert as a scion. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

2. (Falconry)

Defn: To graft with new feathers, as a wing; to splice a broken
feather. Hence, Fig.: To repair; to extend; to increase; to
strengthen to equip. [Archaic]
Imp out our drooping country's broken wing. Shak.
Who lazily imp their wings with other men's plumes. Fuller. Here no
frail Muse shall imp her crippled wing. Holmes.
Help, ye tart satirists, to imp my rage With all the scorpions that
should whip this age. Cleveland.

IMPACABLE
Im*pa"ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. pref. im- not + pacare to quiet. See
Pacate.]

Defn: Not to be appeased or quieted. [Obs.] Spenser.
 -- Im*pa"ca*bly, adv.

IMPACKMENT
Im*pack"ment, n. Etym: [Pref. im- in + pack.]

Defn: The state of being closely surrounded, crowded, or pressed, as
by ice. [R.] Kane.

IMPACT
Im*pact", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impacted; p. pr. & vb. n. Impacting.]
Etym: [L. impactus, p. p. of impingere to push, strike against. See
Impinge.]

Defn: To drive close; to press firmly together: to wedge into a
place. Woodward.

IMPACT
Im"pact, n.

1. Contact or impression by touch; collision; forcible contact; force
communicated.
The quarrel, by that impact driven. Southey.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: The single instantaneous stroke of a body in motion against
another either in motion or at rest.

IMPACTED
Im*pact"ed, a.

Defn: Driven together or close. Impacted fracture (Surg.), a fracture
in which the fragments are driven into each other so as to be
immovable.

IMPACTION
Im*pac"tion, n. Etym: [L. impactio a striking : cf. F. impaction.]

1. (Surg.)

Defn: The driving of one fragment of bone into another so that the
fragments are not movable upon each other; as, impaction of the skull
or of the hip.

2. An immovable packing; (Med.), a lodgment of something in a strait
or passage of the body; as, impaction of the fetal head in the strait
of the pelvis; impaction of food or feces in the intestines of man or
beast.

IMPAINT
Im*paint", v. t.

Defn: To paint; to adorn with colors. [R.] "To impaint his cause."
Shak.

IMPAIR
Im*pair", v. t. [imp & p. p. Impaired; p. pr. & vb. n. Impairing.]
[Written also empair.] Etym: [OE. empeiren, enpeiren, OF. empeirier,
empirier, F. empirer, LL. impejorare; L. pref. im- in + pejorare to
make worse, fr. pejor worse. Cf. Appair.]

Defn: To make worse; to diminish in quantity, value, excellence, or
strength; to deteriorate; as, to impair health, character, the mind,
value.
Time sensibly all things impairs. Roscommon.
In years he seemed, but not impaired by years. Pope.

Syn.
 -- To diminish; decrease; injure; weaken; enfeeble; debilitate;
reduce; debase; deteriorate.

IMPAIR
Im*pair", v. t.

Defn: To grow worse; to deteriorate. Milton.

IMPAIR
Im"pair, a. Etym: [F. impair uneven, L. impar; im- not + par equal.]

Defn: Not fit or appropriate. [Obs.]

IMPAIR
Im*pair", n.

Defn: Diminution; injury. [Obs.]

IMPAIRER
Im*pair"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, impairs.

IMPAIRMENT
Im*pair"ment, n. Etym: [OE. enpeirement, OF. empirement.]

Defn: The state of being impaired; injury. "The impairment of my
health." Dryden.

IMPALATABLE
Im*pal"a*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Unpalatable. [R.]

IMPALE
Im*pale", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impaled; p. pr. & vb. n. Impaling.]
Etym: [See 2d Empale.]

1. To pierce with a pale; to put to death by fixing on a sharp stake.
See Empale.
Then with what life remains, impaled, and left To writhe at leisure
round the bloody stake. Addison.

2. To inclose, as with pales or stakes; to surround.
Impale him with your weapons round about. Shak.
Impenetrable, impaled with circling fire. Milton.

3. (Her.)

Defn: To join, as two coats of arms on one shield, palewise; hence,
to join in honorable mention.
Ordered the admission of St. Patrick to the same to be matched and
impaled with the blessed Virgin in the honor thereof. Fuller.

IMPALEMENT
Im*pale"ment, n.

1. The act of impaling, or the state of being impaled. Byron.

2. An inclosing by stakes or pales, or the space so inclosed. H.
Brooke.

3. That which hedges in; inclosure. [R.] Milton.

4. (Her.)

Defn: The division of a shield palewise, or by a vertical line, esp.
for the purpose of putting side by side the arms of husband and wife.
See Impale, 3.

IMPALLA
Im*pal"la, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pallah deer of South Africa.

IMPALLID
Im*pal"lid, v. t.

Defn: To make pallid; to blanch. [Obs.] Feltham.

IMPALM
Im*palm", v. t.

Defn: To grasp with or hold in the hand. [R.] J. Barlow.

IMPALPABILITY
Im*pal`pa*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. impalpabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being impalpable. Jortin.

IMPALPABLE
Im*pal"pa*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + palpable: cf. F.
impalpable.]

1. Not palpable; that cannot be felt; extremely fine, so that no grit
can be perceived by touch. "Impalpable powder." Boyle.

2. Not material; intangible; incorporeal. "Impalpable, void, and
bodiless." Holland.

3. Not apprehensible, or readily apprehensible, by the mind; unreal;
as, impalpable distinctions.

IMPALPABLY
Im*pal"pa*bly, adv.

Defn: In an impalpable manner.

IMPALSY
Im*pal"sy, v. t.

Defn: To palsy; to paralyze; to deaden. [R.]

IMPANATE
Im*pa"nate, a. Etym: [LL. impanatus, p. p. of impanare to impanate;
L. pref. im- in + panis bread.]

Defn: Embodied in bread, esp. in the bread of the eucharist. [Obs.]
Cranmer.

IMPANATE
Im*pa"nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impanated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Impanating.]

Defn: To embody in bread, esp. in the bread of the eucharist. [Obs.]

IMPANATION
Im"pa*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. impanation. See Impanate, a.] (Eccl.)

Defn: Embodiment in bread; the supposed real presence and union of
Christ's material body and blood with the substance of the elements
of the eucharist without a change in their nature; -- distinguished
from transubstantiation, which supposes a miraculous change of the
substance of the elements. It is akin to consubstantiation.

IMPANATOR
Im*pa"na*tor, n. Etym: [LL.] (Eccl.)

Defn: One who holds the doctrine of impanation.

IMPANEL
Im*pan"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impaneled or Impanelled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Impaneling or Impanelling.] Etym: [Pref. im- in + panel. Cf.
Empanel.] [Written also empanel.]

Defn: To enter in a list, or on a piece of parchment, called a panel;
to form or enroll, as a list of jurors in a court of justice.
Blackstone.

IMPANELMENT
Im*pan"el*ment, n.

Defn: The act or process of impaneling, or the state of being
impaneled.

IMPARADISE
Im*par"a*dise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imparadised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Imparadising.] Etym: [Pref. im- + paradise: cf. F. emparadiser.]

Defn: To put in a state like paradise; to make supremely happy.
"Imparadised in one another's arms." Milton.

IMPARALLELED
Im*par"al*leled, a.

Defn: Unparalleled. [Obs.]

IMPARDONABLE
Im*par"don*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. impardonnable.]

Defn: Unpardonable. [Obs.] South.

IMPARIDIGITATE
Im*par`i*dig"i*tate, a. Etym: [L. impar unequal + digitus finger.]
(Anat.)

Defn: Having an odd number of fingers or toes, either one, three, or
five, as in the horse, tapir, rhinoceros, etc.

IMPARIPINNATE
Im*par"i*pin"nate, a. Etym: [L. impar unequal + E. pinnate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pinnate with a single terminal leaflet.

IMPARISYLLABIC
Im*par"i*syl*lab"ic, a. Etym: [L. impar unequal + E. syllabic: cf. F.
imparisyllabique.] (Gram.)

Defn: Not consisting of an equal number of syllables; as, an
imparisyllabic noun, one which has not the same number of syllables
in all the cases; as, lapis, lapidis; mens, mentis.

IMPARITY
Im*par"i*ty, n. Etym: [Pref. im- + parity: cf. F. imparité.]

1. Inequality; disparity; disproportion; difference of degree, rank,
excellence, number, etc. Milton.

2. Lack of comparison, correspondence, or suitableness; incongruity.
In this region of merely intellectual notion we are at once
encountered by the imparity of the object and the faculty employed
upon it. I. Taylor.

3. Indivisibility into equal parts; oddness. [R.]

IMPARK
Im*park", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imparked, p. pr. & vb. n. Imparking.]
Etym: [Cf. Empark.]

Defn: To inclose for a park; to sever from a common; hence, to
inclose or shut up.
They . . . impark them [the sheep] within hurdles. Holland.

IMPARL
Im*parl", v. i. Etym: [OF. emparler; pref. em- (L. in) + parler to
speak. See In, prep., and Parley.]

1. To hold discourse; to parley. [Obs.] Sir. T. North.

2. (Law)

Defn: To have time before pleading; to have delay for mutual
adjustment. Blackstone.

IMPARLANCE
Im*par"lance, n. Etym: [Cf. Emparlance, Parlance.] [Written also
inparliance.]

1. Mutual discourse; conference. [Obs.]

2. (Law)
(a) Time given to a party to talk or converse with his opponent,
originally with the object of effecting, if possible, an amicable
adjustment of the suit. The actual object, however, has long been
merely to obtain further time to plead, answer to the allegations of
the opposite party.
(b) Hence, the delay or continuance of a suit.

Note: Imparlance and continuance by imparlance have been abolished in
England. Wharton (Law Dict. ).

IMPARSONEE
Im*par`son*ee", a. Etym: [OF. empersone. See 1st In-, and Parson.]
(Eng. Eccl. Law)

Defn: Presented, instituted, and inducted into a rectory, and in full
possession.
 -- n.

Defn: A clergyman so inducted.

IMPART
Im*part", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imparted; p. pr. & vb. n. Imparting.]
Etym: [OF. impartir, empartir, L. impartire, impertire; pref. im- in
+ partire to part, divide, fr. pars, partis, part, share. See Part,
n. ]

1. To bestow a share or portion of; to give, grant, or communicate;
to allow another to partake in; as, to impart food to the poor; the
sun imparts warmth.
Well may he then to you his cares impart. Dryden.

2. To obtain a share of; to partake of. [R.] Munday.

3. To communicate the knowledge of; to make known; to show by words
or tokens; to tell; to disclose.
Gentle lady, When I did first impart my love to you. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To share; yield; confer; convey; grant; give; reveal; disclose;
discover; divulge. See Communicate.

IMPART
Im*part", v. i.

1. To give a part or share.
He that hath two coats, let him impart to him that hath none. Luke
iii. 11.

2. To hold a conference or consultation. Blackstone.

IMPARTANCE
Im*part"ance, n.

Defn: Impartation.

IMPARTATION
Im`par*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of imparting, or the thing imparted.
The necessity of this impartation. I. Taylor.

IMPARTER
Im*part"er, n.

Defn: One who imparts.

IMPARTIAL
Im*par"tial, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + partial: cf. F. impartial.]

Defn: Not partial; not favoring one more than another; treating all
alike; unprejudiced; unbiased; disinterested; equitable; fair; just.
Shak.
Jove is impartial, and to both the same. Dryden.
A comprehensive and impartial view. Macaulay.

IMPARTIALIST
Im*par"tial*ist, n.

Defn: One who is impartial. [R.] Boyle.

IMPARTIALITY
Im*par`ti*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. impartialité.]

Defn: The quality of being impartial; freedom from bias or
favoritism; disinterestedness; equitableness; fairness; as,
impartiality of judgment, of treatment, etc.
Impartiality strips the mind of prejudice and passion. South.

IMPARTIALLY
Im*par"tial*ly, a.

Defn: In an impartial manner.

IMPARTIALNESS
Im*par"tial*ness, n.

Defn: Impartiality. Sir W. Temple.

IMPARTIBILITY
Im*part`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being impartible; communicability. Blackstone.

IMPARTIBILITY
Im*part`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. impartibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being incapable of division into parts;
indivisibility. Holland.

IMPARTIBLE
Im*part"i*ble, a. Etym: [From Impart.]

Defn: Capable of being imparted or communicated.

IMPARTIBLE
Im*part"i*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + partible: cf. F.
impartible.]

Defn: Not partible; not subject to partition; indivisible; as, an
impartible estate. Blackatone.

IMPARTMENT
Im*part"ment, n.

Defn: The act of imparting, or that which is imparted, communicated,
or disclosed. [R.]
It beckons you to go away with it, As if it some impartment did
desire To you alone. Shak.

IMPASSABLE
Im*pass"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. Unpassable.]

Defn: Incapable of being passed; not admitting a passage; as, an
impassable road, mountain, or gulf. Milton.
 -- Im*pass"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Im*pass"a*bly, adv.

IMPASSE
Im`passe" (aN`päs"; E. im*pas"), n. [F.]

Defn: An impassable road or way; a  blind alley; cul-de-sac; fig., a
position or predicament affording no escape.

The issue from the present impasse will, in all probability, proceed
from below, not from above.
Arnold White.

IMPASSIBILITY
Im*pas`si*bil"i*ty, a. Etym: [L. impassibilitas: cf. F.
impassibilité.]

Defn: The quality or condition of being impassible; insusceptibility
of injury from external things.

IMPASSIBLE
Im*pas"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. impassibilis; pref. im- not + passibilis
passable: cf. F. impassible. See Passible.]

Defn: Incapable of suffering; inaccessible to harm or pain; not to be
touched or moved to passion or sympathy; unfeeling, or not showing
feeling; without sensation. "Impassible to the critic." Sir W. Scott.
Secure of death, I should contemn thy dart Though naked, and
impassible depart. Dryden.

IMPASSIBLENESS
Im*pas"si*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Impassibility.

IMPASSION
Im*pas"sion, v. t. Etym: [Pref. im- in + passion. Cf. Empassion,
Impassionate, v.]

Defn: To move or affect strongly with passion. [Archaic] Chapman.

IMPASSIONABLE
Im*pas"sion*a*ble, a.

Defn: Excitable; susceptible of strong emotion.

IMPASSIONATE
Im*pas"sion*ate, a.

Defn: Strongly affected. Smart.

IMPASSIONATE
Im*pas"sion*ate, v. t.

Defn: To affect powerfully; to arouse the passions of. Dr. H. More.

IMPASSIONATE
Im*pas"sion*ate, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + passionate.]

Defn: Without passion or feeling. Burton.

IMPASSIONED
Im*pas"sioned, p. p. & a.

Defn: Actuated or characterized by passion or zeal; showing warmth of
feeling; ardent; animated; excited; as, an impassioned orator or
discourse.

IMPASSIVE
Im*pas"sive, a.

Defn: Not susceptible of pain or suffering; apathetic; impassible;
unmoved.
Impassive as the marble in the quarry. De Quincey.
On the impassive ice the lightings play. Pope.
-- Im*pas"sive*ly, adv.
 -- Im*pas"sive*ness, n.

IMPASSIVITY
Im`pas*siv"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being insusceptible of feeling, pain, or
suffering; impassiveness.

IMPASTATION
Im`pas*ta"tion, n. Etym: [F. See Impaste.]

Defn: The act of making into paste; that which is formed into a paste
or mixture; specifically, a combination of different substances by
means of cements.

IMPASTE
Im*paste", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Impasting.]
Etym: [Pref. im- in + paste: cf. It. impastare, OF. empaster, F.
empâter. See 1st In- and Paste.]

1. To knead; to make into paste; to concrete. "Blood . . . baked and
impasted." Shak.

2. (Paint.)

Defn: To lay color on canvas by uniting them skillfully together.
[R.] Cf. Impasto.

IMPASTING
Im*past"ing, (Paint.)

Defn: The laying on of colors to produce impasto.

IMPASTO
Im*pas"to, n. Etym: [It. See Impaste.] (Paint.)

Defn: The thickness of the layer or body of pigment applied by the
painter to his canvas with especial reference to the juxtaposition of
different colors and tints in forming a harmonious whole. Fairholt.

IMPASTURE
Im*pas"ture, v. t.

Defn: To place in a pasture; to foster. [R.] T. Adams.

IMPATIBLE
Im*pat"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. impatibilis; pref. im- not + patibilis
supportable. See Patible.]

1. Not capable of being borne; impassible.
A spirit, and so impatible of material fire. Fuller.

IMPATIENCE
Im*pa"tience n. Etym: [OE. impacience, F. impatience, fr. L.
impatientia.]

Defn: The quality of being impatient; want of endurance of pain,
suffering, opposition, or delay; eagerness for change, or for
something expected; restlessness; chafing of spirit; fretfulness;
passion; as, the impatience of a child or an invalid.
I then, . . . Out of my grief and my impatience, Answered
neglectingly. Shak.
With huge impatience he inly swelt More for great sorrow that he
could not pass, Than for the burning torment which he felt. Spenser.

IMPATIENCY
Im*pa"tien*cy, n.

Defn: Impatience. [Obs.]

IMPATIENS
Im*pa"ti*ens, n. Etym: [L., impatient.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, several species of which have very beautiful
flowers; -- so called because the elastic capsules burst when
touched, and scatter the seeds with considerable force. Called also
touch-me-not, jewelweed, and snapweed. I. Balsamina (sometimes called
lady's slipper) is the common garden balsam.

IMPATIENT
Im*pa"tient, a. Etym: [OE. impacient, F. impatient, fr. L. impatiens;
pref. im- not + patiens patient. See Patient.]

1. Not patient; not bearing with composure; intolerant; uneasy;
fretful; restless, because of pain, delay, or opposition; eager for
change, or for something expected; hasty; passionate; -- often
followed by at, for, of, and under.
A violent, sudden, and impatient necessity. Jer. Taylor.
Fame, impatient of extremes, decays Not more by envy than excess of
praise. Pope.
The impatient man will not give himself time to be informed of the
matter that lies before him. Addison.
Dryden was poor and impatient of poverty. Macaulay.

2. Not to be borne; unendurable. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. Prompted by, or exhibiting, impatience; as, impatient speeches or
replies. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Restless; uneasy; changeable; hot; eager; fretful; intolerant;
passionate.

IMPATIENT
Im*pa"tient, n.

Defn: One who is impatient. [R.]

IMPATIENTLY
Im*pa"tient*ly, adv.

Defn: In an impatient manner.

IMPATRONIZATION
Im*pat`ron*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: Absolute seignory or possession; the act of investing with such
possession. [R.] Cotgrave.

IMPATRONIZE
Im*pat"ron*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impatronized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Impatronizing.]

Defn: To make lord or master; as, to impatronize one's self of a
seigniory. [R.] Bacon.

IMPAVE
Im*pave", v. t.

Defn: To pave. [Poetic]
Impaved with rude fidelity Of art mosaic. Wordsworth.

IMPAVID
Im*pav"id, a. Etym: [L. impavidus. See In- not, and Pavid.]

Defn: Fearless.
 -- Im*pav"id*ly, adv.

IMPAWN
Im*pawn", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impawned; p. pr. & vb. n. Impawning.]
Etym: [Pref. im- + pawn: cf. Empawn.]

Defn: To put in pawn; to pledge. Shak.

IMPEACH
Im*peach", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impeached; p. pr. & vb. n.
Impeaching.] Etym: [OE. empeechier to prevent, hinder, bar, F.
empêcher, L. impedicare to entangle; pref. im- in + pedica fetter,
fr. pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and Appeach, Dispatch, Impede.]

1. To hinder; to impede; to prevent. [Obs.]
These ungracious practices of his sons did impeach his journey to the
Holy Land. Sir J. Davies.
A defluxion on my throat impeached my utterance. Howell.

2. To charge with a crime or misdemeanor; to accuse; especially to
charge (a public officer), before a competent tribunal, with
misbehavior in office; to cite before a tribunal for judgement of
official misconduct; to arraign; as, to impeach a judge. See
Impeachment.

3. Hence, to charge with impropriety; to dishonor; to bring discredit
on; to call in question; as, to impeach one's motives or conduct.
And doth impeach the freedom of the state. Shak.

4. (Law)

Defn: To challenge or discredit the credibility of, as of a witness,
or the validity of, as of commercial paper.

Note: When used in law with reference to a witness, the term
signifies, to discredit, to show or prove unreliable or unworthy of
belief; when used in reference to the credit of witness, the term
denotes, to impair, to lessen, to disparage, to destroy. The credit
of a witness may be impeached by showing that he has made statements
out of court contradictory to what he swears at the trial, or by
showing that his reputation for veracity is bad, etc.

Syn.
 -- To accuse; arraign; censure; criminate; indict; impair;
disparage; discredit. See Accuse.

IMPEACH
Im*peach", n.

Defn: Hindrance; impeachment. [Obs.]

IMPEACHABLE
Im*peach"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be impeached; liable to impeachment; chargeable with a
crime.
Owners of lands in fee simple are not impeachable for waste. Z.
Swift.

IMPEACHER
Im*peach"er, n.

Defn: One who impeaches.

IMPEACHMENT
Im*peach"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. empêchement.]

Defn: The act of impeaching, or the state of being impeached; as:
(a) Hindrance; impediment; obstruction. [Obs.]
Willing to march on to Calais, Without impeachment. Shak.

(b) A calling to account; arraignment; especially, of a public
officer for maladministration.
The consequence of Coriolanus' impeachment had like to have been
fatal to their state. Swift.

(c) A calling in question as to purity of motives, rectitude of
conduct, credibility, etc.; accusation; reproach; as, an impeachment
of motives. Shak.

Note: In England, it is the privilege or right of the House of
Commons to impeach, and the right of the House of Lords to try and
determine impeachments. In the United States, it is the right of the
House of Representatives to impeach, and of the Senate to try and
determine impeachments. Articles of impeachment. See under Article.
 -- Impeachment of waste (Law), restraint from, or accountability
for, injury; also, a suit for damages for injury. Abbott.

IMPEARL
Im*pearl", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impearled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Impearling.] Etym: [Pref. im- in + pearl: cf. F. emperler.]

1. To form into pearls, or into that which resembles pearls. [Poetic]
Dewdrops which the sun Impearls on every leaf and every flower.
Milton.

2. To decorate as with pearls or with anything resembling pearls.
[Poetic]
With morning dews impearled. Mrs. Browning.
The dews of the morning impearl every thorn. R. Digby.

IMPECCABILITY
Im*pec`ca*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. impeccabilité.]

Defn: the quality of being impeccable; exemption from sin, error, or
offense.
Infallibility and impeccability are two of his attributes. Pope.

IMPECCABLE
Im*pec"ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. impeccabilis; pref. im- not + peccare to
err, to sin: cf. F. impeccable.]

Defn: Not liable to sin; exempt from the possibility of doing wrong.
 -- n.

Defn: One who is impeccable; esp., one of a sect of Gnostic heretics
who asserted their sinlessness.
God is infallible, impeccable, and absolutely perfect. P. Skelton.

IMPECCANCY
Im*pec"can*cy, n.

Defn: Sinlessness. Bp. Hall.

IMPECCANT
Im*pec"cant, a.

Defn: Sinless; impeccable. Byron.

IMPECUNIOSITY
Im`pe*cu`ni*os"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being impecunious. Thackeray. Sir W. Scott.

IMPECUNIOUS
Im"pe*cu"ni*ous, a. Etym: [L. im- not + pecunia money: cf. F.
impécunieux.]

Defn: Not having money; habitually without money; poor.
An impecunious creature. B. Jonson.

IMPEDANCE
Im*ped"ance, n.  [Impede + -ance.] (Elec.)

Defn: The apparent resistance in an electric circuit to the flow of
an alternating current, analogous to the actual electrical resistance
to a direct current, being the ratio of electromotive force to the
current. It is equal to R2 + X2, where R = ohmic resistance, X =
reactance. For an inductive circuit, X = 2pfL, where f = frequency
and L = self-inductance; for a circuit with capacity X = 1 ÷ 2pfC,
where C = capacity.

IMPEDE
Im*pede", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Impeding.]
Etym: [L. impedire, lit., to entangle the feet; pref. im- in + pes,
pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf. Impeach.]

Defn: To hinder; to stop in progress; to obstruct; as, to impede the
advance of troops.
Whatever hinders or impedes The action of the nobler will. Logfellow.

IMPEDIBLE
Im*ped"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being impeded or hindered. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

IMPEDIMENT
Im*ped"i*ment, n. Etym: [L. impedimentum: cf. F. impediment.]

Defn: That which impedes or hinders progress, motion, activity, or
effect.
Thus far into the bowels of the land Have we marched on without
impediment. Shak.
Impediment in speech, a defect which prevents distinct utterance.

Syn.
 -- Hindrance; obstruction; obstacle; difficulty; incumbrance.
 -- Impediment, Obstacle, Difficulty, Hindrance. An impediment
literally strikes against our feet, checking our progress, and we
remove it. An obstacle rises before us in our path, and we surmount
or remove it. A difficulty sets before us something hard to be done,
and we encounter it and overcome it. A hindrance holds us back for a
time, but we break away from it.
The eloquence of Demosthenes was to Philip of Macedon, a difficulty
to be met with his best recources, ant obstacle to his own ambition,
and an impedimen in his political career. C. J. Smith.

IMPEDIMENT
Im*ped"i*ment, v. t.

Defn: To impede. [R.] Bp. Reynolds.

IMPEDIMENTA
Im*ped`i*men"ta, n. pl. [L. See Impediment, Impede.]

Defn: Things which impede or hinder progress; incumbrances; baggage;
specif. (Mil.),

Defn: the supply trains which must accompany an army.

On the plains they will have horses dragging travoises, dogs with
travoises, women and children loaded with impedimenta.
Julian Ralph.

IMPEDIMENTAL
Im*ped`i*men"tal, a.

Defn: Of the nature of an impediment; hindering; obstructing;
impeditive.
Things so impediental to success. G. H. Lewes.

IMPEDITE
Im"pe*dite, a. Etym: [L. impeditus, p. p. See Impede.]

Defn: Hindered; obstructed. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

IMPEDITE
Im"pe*dite, v. t.

Defn: To impede. [Obs.] Boyle.

IMPEDITION
Im"pe*di"tion, n. Etym: [L. impeditio.]

Defn: A hindering; a hindrance. [Obs.] Baxier.

IMPEDITIVE
Im*ped"i*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. impéditif.]

Defn: Causing hindrance; impeding. "Cumbersome, and impeditive of
motion." Bp. Hall.

IMPEL
Im*pel", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Impelling.]
Etym: [L. impellere; pref. im- in + pellere, pulsum, to drive. See
Pulse a beat, and cf. Impulse.]

Defn: To drive or urge forward or on; to press on; to incite to
action or motion in any way.
The surge impelled me on a craggy coast. Pope.

Syn.
 -- To instigate; incite; induce; influence; force; drive; urge;
actuate; move.

IMPELLENT
Im*pel"lent, a. Etym: [L. impellens, p. pr. of impellere.]

Defn: Having the quality of impelling.

IMPELLENT
Im*pel"lent, n.

Defn: An impelling power or force. Glanvill.

IMPELLER
Im*pel"ler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, impels.

IMPEN
Im*pen", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impenned and Impent (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Impenning.]

Defn: To shut up or inclose, as in a pen. Feltham.

IMPEND
Im*pend", v. t. Etym: [L. impend; pref. im- in + pend to weigh out,
pay.]

Defn: To pay. [Obs.] Fabyan.

IMPEND
Im*pend", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Impended; p. pr. & vb. n. Impending.]
Etym: [L. impendere; pref. im- in + pendere to hang. See Pendant.]

Defn: To hang over; to be suspended above; to threaten frome near at
hand; to menace; to be imminent. See Imminent.
Destruction sure o'er all your heads impends. Pope.

IMPENDENCE; IMPENDENCY
Im*pend"ence, Im*pend"en*cy, n.

Defn: The state of impending; also, that which impends. "Impendence
of volcanic cloud." Ruskin.

IMPENDENT
Im*pend"ent, a. Etym: [L. impendens, p. pr. of impendere.]

Defn: Impending; threatening.
Impendent horrors, threatening hideous fall. Milton.

IMPENDING
Im*pend"ing, a.

Defn: Hanging over; overhanging; suspended so as to menace; imminet;
threatening.
An impending brow. Hawthorne.
And nodding Ilion waits th' impending fall. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Imminent; threatening. See Imminent.

IMPENETRABILITY
Im*pen`e*tra*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. impénétrabilité.]

1. Quality of being impenetrable.

2. (Physics)

Defn: That property in virtue of which two portions of matter can not
at the same time occupy the same portion of space.

3. Insusceptibility of intellectual or emotional impression;
obtuseness; stupidity; coldness.

IMPENETRABLE
Im*pen"e*tra*ble, a. Etym: [L. impenetrabilis; pref. im- not +
penetrabilis penetrable: cf. F. impénétrable.]

1. Incapable of being penetrated or pierced; not admitting the
passage of other bodies; not to be entered; impervious; as, an
impenetrable shield.
Highest woods impenetrable To star or sunlight. Milton.

2. (Physics)

Defn: Having the property of preventing any other substance from
occupying the same space at the same time.

3. Inaccessible, as to knowledge, reason, sympathy, etc.;
unimpressible; not to be moved by arguments or motives; as, an
impenetrable mind, or heart.
They will be credulous in all affairs of life, but impenetrable by a
sermon of the gospel. Jer. Taylor.

IMPENETRABLENESS
Im*pen"e*tra*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being impenetrable; impenetrability.

IMPENETRABLY
Im*pen"e*tra*bly, adv.

Defn: In an impenetrable manner or state; imperviously. "Impenetrably
armed." Milton. "Impenetrably dull." Pope.

IMPENITENCE
Im*pen"i*tence, n. Etym: [L. impenitentia: cf. F. impénitence.]

Defn: The condition of being impenitent; failure or refusal to
repent; hardness of heart.
He will advance from one degree of wickedness and impenitence to
another. Rogers.

IMPENITENCY
Im*pen"i*ten*cy, n.

Defn: Impenitence. Milton.

IMPENITENT
Im*pen"i*tent, a. Etym: [L. impaenitens; pref. im- not + paenitens
penitens: cf. F. impénitent. See Penitent.]

Defn: Not penitent; not repenting of sin; not contrite; of a hard
heart. "They . . . died impenitent." Milton. "A careless and
impenitent heart." Bp. Hall.

IMPENITENT
Im*pen"i*tent, n.

Defn: One who is not penitent. [R.]

IMPENITENTLY
Im*pen"i*tent*ly, adv.

Defn: Without repentance.

IMPENNATE
Im*pen"nate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Characterized by short wings covered with feathers resembling
scales, as the penguins.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Impennes.

IMPENNES
Im*pen"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. pref. im- not + penna feather.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of birds, including only the penguins, in which the
wings are without quills, and not suited for flight.

IMPENNOUS
Im*pen"nous a. Etym: [L. pref. im- not + penna wing.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having no wings, as some insects.

IMPEOPLE
Im*peo"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impeopled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Impeopling.] Etym: [See Empeople.]

Defn: To people; to give a population to. [Obs.]
Thou hast helped to impeople hell. Beaumont.

IMPERANT
Im"pe*rant, a. Etym: [L. imperans, p. pr. of imperare to command.]

Defn: Commanding. [R.] Baxter.

IMPERATE
Im"pe*rate, a. Etym: [L. imperatus, p. p. of imperare to command.]

Defn: Done by express direction; not involuntary; communded. [Obs.]
Those imperate acts, wherein we see the empire of the soul. Sir M.
Hale.

IMPERATIVAL
Im*per`a*ti"val, a. (Gram.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the imperative mood.

IMPERATIVE
Im*per"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. imperativus, fr. imperare to command;
pref. im- in + parare to make ready, prepare: cf. F. impératif. See
Perade, and cf. Empire.]

1. Expressive of command; containing positive command;
authoritatively or absolutely directive; commanding; authoritative;
as, imperative orders.
The suit of kings are imperative. Bp. Hall.

2. Not to be avoided or evaded; obligatory; binding; compulsory; as,
an imperative duty or order.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: Expressive of commund, entreaty, advice, or exhortation; as,
the imperative mood.

IMPERATIVE
Im*per"a*tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: The imperative mood; also, a verb in the imperative mood.

IMPERATIVELY
Im*per"a*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an imperative manner.

IMPERATOR
Im`pe*ra"tor, n. Etym: [L. See Emperor.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A commander; a leader; an emperor; -- originally an appellation
of honor by which Roman soldiers saluted their general after an
important victory. Subsequently the title was conferred as a
recognition of great military achievements by the senate, whence it
carried wiht it some special privileges. After the downfall of the
Republic it was assumed by Augustus and his successors, and came to
have the meaning now attached to the word emperor.

IMPERATORIAL
Im*per`a*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. imperatorius.]

1. Commanding; imperative; authoritative.

2. Of or pertaining to the title or office of imperator.
"Imperatorial laurels." C. Merivale.

IMPERATORIAN
Im*per`a*to"ri*an, a.

Defn: Imperial. [R.] Gauden.

IMPERATORY
Im*per"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Imperative. [R.]

IMPERCEIVABLE
Im`per*ceiv"a*ble, a.

Defn: Imperceptible. [R.] South.
 -- Im`per*ceiv"a*ble*ness, n. Sharp.

IMPERCEIVED
Im`per*ceived", a.

Defn: Not perceived. [Obs.]

IMPERCEPTIBILITY
Im`per*cep`ti*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being imperceptible.

IMPERCEPTIBLE
Im`per*cep"ti*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + perceptible: cf. F.
imperceptible.]

Defn: Not perceptible; not to be apprehended or cognized by the
souses; not discernible by the mind; not easily apprehended.
Almost imperceptible to the touch. Dryden.
Its operation is slow, and in some cases almost imperceptible. Burke.
-- Im`per*cep"ti*ble*ness, n.
 -- Im`per*cep"ti*bly, adv.
Their . . . subility and imperceptibleness. Sir M. Hale.

IMPERCEPTION
Im`per*cep"tion, n.

Defn: Want of perception.

IMPERCEPTIVE
Im`per*cep"tive, a.

Defn: Unable to perceive.
The imperceptive part of the soul. Dr. H. More.

IMPERCIPIENT
Im`per*cip"i*ent, a.

Defn: Not perceiving, or not able to perceive. A. Baxter.

IMPERDIBILITY
Im*per`di*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being imperdible. [Obs.] Derham.

IMPERDIBLE
Im*per"di*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + L. perdere to destroy.]

Defn: Not destructible. [Obs.] -- Im*per"di*bly, adv. [Obs.]

IMPERFECT
Im*per"fect, a. Etym: [L. imperfectus: pref. im- not + perfectus
perfect: cf. F imparfait, whence OE. imparfit. See Perfect.]

1. Not perfect; not complete in all its parts; wanting a part;
deective; deficient.
Something he left imperfect in the state. Shak.
Why, then, your other senses grow imperfect. Shak.

2. Wanting in some elementary organ that is essential to successful
or normal activity.
He . . . stammered like a child, or an amazed, imperfect person. Jer.
Taylor.

3. Not fulfilling its design; not realizing an ideal; not conformed
to a standard or rule; not satisfying the taste or conscience;
esthetically or morally defective.
Nothing imperfect or deficient left Of all that he created. Milton.
Then say not man's imperfect, Heaven in fault; Say rather, man's as
perfect as he ought. Pope.
Imperfect arch, an arch of less than a semicircle; a skew arch.
 -- Imperfect cadence (Mus.), one not ending with the tonic, but with
the dominant or some other chord; one not giving complete rest; a
half close.
 -- Imperfect consonances (Mus.), chords like the third and sixth,
whose ratios are less simple than those of the fifth and forth.
 -- Imperfect flower (Bot.), a flower wanting either stamens or
pistils. Gray.
 -- Imperfect interval (Mus.), one a semitone less than perfect; as,
an imperfect fifth.
 -- Imperfect number (Math.), a number either greater or less than
the sum of its several divisors; in the former case, it is called
also a defective number; in the latter, an abundant number.
 -- Imperfect obligations (Law), obligations as of charity or
gratitude, which cannot be enforced by law.
 -- Imperfect power (Math.), a number which can not be produced by
taking any whole number or vulgar fraction, as a factor, the number
of times indicated by the power; thus, 9 is a perfect square, but an
imperfect cube.
 -- Imperfect tense (Gram), a tense expressing past time and
incomplete action.

IMPERFECT
Im*per"fect, n. (Gram.)

Defn: The imperfect tense; or the form of a verb denoting the
imperfect tense.

IMPERFECT
Im*per"fect, v. t.

Defn: To make imperfect. [Obs.]

IMPERFECTIBILITY
Im`per*fec`ti*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being imperfectible. [R.]

IMPERFECTIBLE
Im`per*fec"ti*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being mad perfect. [R.]

IMPERFECTION
Im`per*fec"tion, n. Etym: [L. imperfectio: cf. F. imperfection. See
Imperfect, a.]

Defn: The quality or condition of being imperfect; want of
perfection; incompleteness; deficiency; fault or blemish.
Sent to my account With all my imperfections on my head. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Defect; deficiency; incompleteness; fault; failing; weakness;
frailty; foible; blemish; vice.

IMPERFECTNESS
Im*per"fect*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being imperfect.

IMPERFORABLE
Im*per"fo*ra*ble, a. Etym: [See Imperforate.]

Defn: Incapable of being perforated, or bored through.

IMPERFORATA
Im*per"fo*ra"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Imperforate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Foraminifera, including those in which the shell
is not porous.

IMPERFORATE; IMPERFORATED
Im*per"fo*rate, Im*per"fo*ra"ted, a. Etym: [L. pref. im- not +
perforatus, p. p. of perforate to perforate. See Perforate.]

Defn: Not perforated; having no opening or aperture. Sir J. Banks.

IMPERFORATION
Im*per`fo*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. imperforation.]

Defn: The state of being without perforation.

IMPERIAL
Im*pe"ri*al, a. Etym: [OE. emperial, OF. emperial, F. impérial, fr.
L. imperialis, fr. imperium command, sovereignty, empire. See
Empire.]

1. Of or pertaining to an empire, or to an emperor; as, an imperial
government; imperial authority or edict.
The last That wore the imperial diadem of Rome. Shak.

2. Belonging to, or suitable to, supreme authority, or one who wields
it; royal; sovereign; supreme. "The imperial democracy of Athens."
Mitford.
Who, as Ulysses says, opinion crowns With an imperial voice. Shak.
To tame the proud, the fetter'd slave to free, These are imperial
arts, and worthy thee. Dryden.
He sounds his imperial clarion along the whole line of battle. E.
Everett.

3. Of superior or unusual size or excellence; as, imperial paper;
imperial tea, etc. Imperial bushel, gallon, etc. See Bushel, Gallon,
etc.
 -- Imperial chamber, the, the sovereign court of the old German
empire.
 -- Imperial city, under the first German empire, a city having no
head but the emperor.
 -- Imperial diet, an assembly of all the states of the German
empire.
 -- Imperial drill. (Manuf.) See under 8th Drill.
 -- Imperial eagle. (Zoöl.) See Eagle.
 -- Imperial green. See Paris green, under Green.
 -- Imperial guard, the royal guard instituted by Napoleon I.
 -- Imperial weights and measures, the standards legalized by the
British Parliament.

IMPERIAL
Im*pe"ri*al, n. Etym: [F. impériale: cf. Sp. imperial.]

1. The tuft of hair on a man's lower lip and chin; -- so called from
the style of beard of Napoleon III.

2. An outside seat on a diligence. T. Hughes.

3. A luggage case on the top of a coach. Simmonds.

4. Anything of unusual size or excellence, as a large decanter, a
kind of large photograph, a large sheet of drowing, printing, or
writing paper, etc.

5. A gold coin of Russia worth ten rubles, or about eight dollars.
McElrath.

6. A kind of fine cloth brought into England from Greece. or other
Eastern countries, in the Middle Ages.

IMPERIALISM
Im*pe"ri*al*ism, n.

Defn: The power or character of an emperor; imperial authority; the
spirit of empire.
Roman imperialism had divided the world. C. H. Pearson.

IMPERIALIST
Im*pe"ri*al*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. impérialiste.]

Defn: One who serves an emperor; one who favors imperialism.

IMPERIALITY
Im*pe`ri*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Imperialities (.

1. Imperial power.

2. An imperial right or privilegs. See Royalty.
The late empress having, by ukases of grace, relinquished her
imperialities on the private mines, viz., the tenths of the copper,
iron, silver and gold. W. Tooke.

IMPERIALIZE
Im*pe"ri*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imperialized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Imperializing.]

Defn: To invest with imperial authority, character, or style; to
bring to the form of an empire. Fuller.

IMPERIALLY
Im*pe"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an imperial manner.

IMPERIALLY
Im*pe"ri*al*ly, n.

Defn: Imperial power. [R.] Sheldon.

IMPERIL
Im*per"il, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imperiled or Imperilled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Imperiling or Imperilling.]

Defn: To bring into peril; to endanger.

IMPERILMENT
Im*per"il*ment, n.

Defn: The act of imperiling, or the state of being imperiled.

IMPERIOUS
Im*pe"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. imperiosus: cf. F. impérieux. See
Imperial.]

1. Commanding; ascendant; imperial; lordly; majestic. [Obs.] "A vast
and imperious mind." Tilloison.
Therefore, great lords, be, as your titles witness, Imperious. Shak.

2. Haughly; arrogant; overbearing; as, an imperious tyrant; an
imperious manner.
This imperious man will work us all From princes into pages. Shak.
His bold, contemptuous, and imperious spirit soon made him
conspicuous. Macaulay.

3. Imperative; urgent; compelling.
Imperious need, which can not be withstood. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Dictatorial; haughty; domineering; overbearing; lordly;
tyrannical; despotic; arrogant; imperative; authoritative;
commanding; pressing.
 -- Imperious, Lordly, Domineering. One who is imperious exercises
his authority in a manner highly offensive for its spirit and tone;
one who is lordly assumes a lofty air in order to display his
importance; one who is domineering gives orders in a way to make
other feel their inferiority.

IMPERIOUSLY
Im*pe"ri*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an imperious manner.

IMPERIOUSNESS
Im*pe"ri*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being imperious; arrogance;
haughtiness.
Imperiousness and severity is but an ill way of treating men who have
reason of their own to guide them. Locke.

IMPERISHABILITY
Im*per`ish*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being imperishable: indstructibility. "The
imperishability of the universe." Milman.

IMPERISHABLE
Im*per"ish*a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + perishable: cf. F.
impérissable.]

Defn: Not perisha ble; not subject to decay; indestructible;
enduringpermanently; as, an imperishable monument; imperishable
renown.
 -- Im*per"ish*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Im*per"ish*a*bly, adv.

IMPERIUM
Im*pe"ri*um, n.; pl. Imperia (#). [L. See Empire.]

1. Supreme power; absolute dominion; empire.

2.  (Law) The right to command, which includes the right to employ
the force of the state to enforce the laws. It is one of the
principal attributes of the executive power.

IMPERIWIGGED
Im*per"i"wigged, a.

Defn: Wearing a periwig.

IMPERMANENCE; IMPERMANENCY
Im*per"ma*nence, Im*per"ma*nen*cy, n.

Defn: Want of permanence.

IMPERMANENT
Im*per"ma*nent, a.

Defn: Not permanent.

IMPERMEABILITY
Im*per`me*a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Pref. im- not + permeability: cf. F.
imperméabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being impermeable.

IMPERMEABLE
Im*per"me*a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + permeable: cf. F.
imperméable, L. impermeabilis.]

Defn: Not permeable; not permitting passage, as of a fluid. through
its substance; impervious; impenetrable; as, India rubber is
impermeable to water and to air.
 -- Im*per"me*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Im*per"me*a*bly, adv.

IMPERMISSIBLE
Im`per*mis"si*ble, a.

Defn: Not permissible.

IMPERSCRUTABLE
Im`per*scru"ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. imperscrutabilis.]

Defn: Not capable of being searched out; inscrutable. [Obs.] --
Im`per*scru"ta*ble*ness, n. [Obs.]

IMPERSEVERANT
Im`per*sev"er*ant, a.

Defn: Not persevering; fickle; thoughtless. [Obs.]

IMPERSONAL
Im*per"son*al, a. Etym: [L. impersonalis; pref. im- not + personalis
personal: cf. F. impersonnel. See Personal.]

Defn: Not personal; not representing a person; not having
personality.
An almighty but impersonal power, called Fate. Sir J. Stephen.
Impersonal verb (Gram.), a verb used with an indeterminate subject,
commonly, in English, with the impersonal pronoun it; as, it rains;
it snows; methinks (it seems to me). Many verbs which are not
strictly impersonal are often used impersonally; as, it goes well
with him.

IMPERSONAL
Im*per"son*al, n.

Defn: That which wants personality; specifically (Gram.), an
impersonal verb.

IMPERSONALITY
Im*per`son*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being impersonal; want or absence of
personality.

IMPERSONALLY
Im*per"son*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an impersonal manner.

IMPERSONATE
Im*per"son*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impersonated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Impersonating.]

1. To invest with personality; to endow with the form of a living
being.

2. To ascribe the qualities of a person to; to personify.

3. To assume, or to represent, the person or character of; to
personate; as, he impersonated Macbeth.
Benedict impersonated his age. Milman.

IMPERSONATION; IMPERSONIFICATION
Im*per`son*a"tion, Im`per*son`i*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of impersonating; personification; investment with
personality; representation in a personal form.

IMPERSONATOR
Im*per"son*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who impersonates; an actor; a mimic.

IMPERSPICUITY
Im*per`spi*cu"i*ty, n.

Defn: Want of perspicuity or clearness; vaguness; ambiguity.

IMPERSPICUOUS
Im`per*spic"u*ous, a.

Defn: Not perspicuous; not clear; obscure; vague; ambeguous.

IMPERSUADABLE
Im`per*suad"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. Impersuasible.]

Defn: Not to be persuaded; obstinate; unyielding; impersuasible.
 -- Im`per*suad"a*ble*ness, n.

IMPERSUASIBLE
Im`per*sua"si*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + persuasible: cf. OF.
impersuasible.]

Defn: Not persuasible; not to be moved by persuasion; inflexible;
impersuadable. Dr. H. More.
 -- Im`per*sua`si*bil"i*ty, n.

IMPERTINENCE
Im*per"ti*nence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. impertinence. See Impertinent.]

1. The condition or quality of being impertnent; absence of
pertinence, or of adaptedness; irrelevance; unfitness.

2. Conduct or language unbecoming the person, the society, or the
circumstances; rudeness; incivility.
We should avoid the vexation and impertinence of pedants who affect
to talk in a language not to be understood. Swift.

3. That which is impertinent; a thing out of place, or of no value.
There are many subtile impertinences learned in schools. Watts.

IMPERTINENCY
Im*per"ti*nen*cy, n.

Defn: Impertinence. [R.]
O, matter and impertinency mixed! Reason in madness! Shak.

IMPERTINENT
Im*per"ti*nent, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. impertinens, -entis; pref. im-
not + pertinens. See Pertinent.]

1. Not pertinent; not pertaining to the matter in hand; having no
bearing on the subject; not to the point; irrelevant; inapplicable.
Things that are impertinent to us. Tillotson.
How impertinent that grief was which served no end! Jer. Taylor.

2. Contrary to, or offending against, the rules of propriety or good
breeding; guilty of, or prone to, rude, unbecoming, or uncivil words
or actions; as, an impertient coxcomb; an impertient remark.

3. Trifing; inattentive; frivolous.

Syn.
 -- Rude; officious; intrusive; saucy; unmannerly; meddlesome;
disrespectful; impudent; insolent.
 -- Impertinent, Officious, Rude. A person is officious who obtrudes
his offices or assistance where they are not needed; he is
impertinent when he intermeddles in things with which he has no
concern. The former shows a want of tact, the latter a want of
breeding, or, more commonly, a spirit of sheer impudence. A person is
rude when he violates the proprieties of social life either from
ignorance or wantonness. "An impertinent man will ask questions for
the mere grafication of curiosity; a rude man will burst into the
room of another, or push against his person, inviolant of all
decorum; one who is officious is quite as unfortunate as he is
troublesome; when he strives to serve, he has the misfortune to
annoy." Crabb. See Impudence, and Insolent.

IMPERTINENT
Im*per"ti*nent, n.

Defn: An impertinent person. [R.]

IMPERTINENTLY
Im*per"ti*nent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an impertinent manner. "Not to betray myself impertinently."
B. Jonson.

IMPERTRANSIBILITY
Im`per*tran`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being impertransible. [R.]

IMPERTRANSIBLE
Im`per*tran"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. pref. im- not + pertransire to go
through. See Per- and Transient.]

Defn: Incapable of being passed through. [R.]

IMPERTURBABILITY
Im`per*turb`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being imperturbable.
[1913 Webster]

IMPERTURBABLE
Im`per*turb"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. imperturbabilis; pref. im- not +
perturbare to disturb: cf. F. imperturbable. See Perture.]

Defn: Incapable of being disturbed or disconcerted; as, imperturbable
gravity.

IMPERTURBABLY
Im`per*turb"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an imperturbable manner; calmly. C. Bronté.

IMPERTURBATION
Im*per`tur*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. imperturbatio.]

Defn: Freedom from agitation of mind; calmness; quietude. W. Montagu.

IMPERTURBED
Im`per*turbed", a.

Defn: Not perturbed.

IMPERVIABILITY
Im*per`vi*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being imperviable.

IMPERVIABLE
Im*per"vi*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not pervious; impervious. [R.] -- Im*per"vi*a*ble*ness, n. [R.]

IMPERVIOUS
Im*per"vi*ous, a. Etym: [L. impervius; pref. im- not + per through +
via way. See Voyage.]

Defn: Not pervious; not admitting of entrance or passage through; as,
a substance impervious to water or air.
This gulf impassable, impervious. Milton.
The minds of these zealots were absolutely impervious. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Impassable; pathless; impenetrable; imperviable; impermeable.
 -- Im*per"vi*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Im*per"vi*ous*ness, n.

IMPERY
Im"per*y, n.

Defn: Empery. [Archaic] Joye.

IMPEST
Im*pest", v. t.

Defn: To affict with pestilence; to infect, as with plague. [Obs.]

IMPESTER
Im*pes"ter, v. t.

Defn: See Pester. [Obs.]

IMPETIGINOUS
Im`pe*tig"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. impetiginous: cf. F. impétigineux.]

Defn: Of the nature of, or pertaining to, impetigo.

IMPETIGO
Im`pe*ti"go, n. Etym: [L., fr. impetere to attack.] (Med.)

Defn: A cutaneous, pustular eruption, not attended with fever;
usually, a kind of eczema with pustulation.

IMPETRABLE
Im"pe*tra*ble a. Etym: [L. impetrabilis: cf. F. impétrable. See
Impetrate.]

Defn: Capable of being obtained or moved by petition. [Obs.] Bailey.

IMPETRATE
Im"pe*trate, a. Etym: [L. impetratus, p. p. of impetrare to obtain;
pref. im- in + patrare to bring to pass.]

Defn: Obtained by entreaty. [Obs.] Ld. Herbert.

IMPETRATE
Im"pe*trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impetrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Impetrating.]

Defn: To obtain by request or entreaty. Usher.

IMPETRATION
Im`pe*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. impetratio: cf. F. impétration.]

1. The act of impetrating, or obtaining by petition or entreaty.
[Obs.]
In way of impertation procuring the removal or allevation of our
crosses. Barrow.

2. (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: The obtaining of benefice from Rome by solicitation, which
benefice belonged to the disposal of the king or other lay patron of
the realm.

IMPETRATIVE
Im"pe*tra*tive, a. Etym: [L. impetrativus obtained by entreaty.]

Defn: Of the nature of impetration; getting, or tending to get, by
entreaty. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

IMPETRATORY
Im"pe*tra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Containing or expressing entreaty. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

IMPETUOSITY
Im*pet`u*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. impétuosité.]

1. The condition or quality of being impetuous; fury; violence.

2. Vehemence, or furiousnes of temper. Shak.

IMPETUOUS
Im*pet"u*ous, a. Etym: [F. impetueux, L. impetuosus. See Impetus.]

1. Rushing with force and violence; moving with impetus; furious;
forcible; violent; as, an impetuous wind; an impetuous torrent.
Went pouring forward with impetuous speed. Byron.

2. Vehement in feeling; hasty; passionate; violent; as, a man of
impetuous temper.
The people, on their holidays, Impetuous, insolent, unquenchable.
Milton.

Syn.
 -- Forcible; rapid; hasty; precipitate; furious; boisterous;
violent; raging; fierce; passionate.
 -- Im*pet"u*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Im*pet"u*ous*ness, n.

IMPETUS
Im"pe*tus, n. Etym: [L., fr. impetere to rush upon, attack; pref. im-
in + petere to fall upon, seek. See Petition.]

1. A property possessed by a moving body in virtue of its weight and
its motion; the force with which any body is driven or impelled;
momentum.

Note: Momentum is the technical term, impetus its popular equivalent,
yet differing from it as applied commonly to bodies moving or moved
suddenly or violently, and indicating the origin and intensity of the
motion, rather than its quantity or effectiveness.

2. Fig.: Impulse; incentive; vigor; force. Buckle.

3. (Gun.)

Defn: The aititude through which a heavy body must fall to acquire a
velocity equal to that with which a ball is discharged from a piece.

IMPEYAN PHEASANT
Im"pey*an pheas"ant. Etym: [From Lady Impey, who attempted to
naturalize the bird in England.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Indian crested pheasant of the genus Lophophorus. Several
species are known. Called also monaul, monal.

Note: They are remarkable for the bright color and brilliant matallic
hues of their plumage. The best known species (L. Impeyanus) has the
neck of a brilliant metallic red, changing to golden yellow in
certain lights.

IMPHEE
Im"phee, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The African sugar cane (Holcus saccharatus), -- resembling the
sorghum, or Chinese sugar cane.

IMPI
Im"pi (im"pi), n. [Zulu.]

Defn: A body of Kaffir warriors; a body of native armed men. [South
Africa]

As early as 1862 he crossed assagais with and defeated a Matabili
impi (war band).
James Bryce.

IMPICTURED
Im*pic"tured, a.

Defn: Pictured; impressed. [Obs.] Spenser.

IMPIERCE
Im*pierce", v. t. Etym: [Pref. im- in + pierce. Cf. Empierce.]

Defn: To pierce; to penetrate. [Obs.] Drayton.

IMPIERCEABLE
Im*pierce"a*ble a.

Defn: Not capable of being pierced; impenetrable. [Obs.] Spenser.

IMPIETY
Im*pi"e*ty, n.; pl. Impieties (. Etym: [L. impietas, fr. impius
impious; cf. F. impiété. See Impious, Piety.]

1. The quality of being impious; want of piety; irreverence toward
the Supreme Being; ungodliness; wickedness.

2. An impious act; an act of wickednes.
Those impieties for the which they are now visited. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Ungodliness; irreligion; unrighteousness; sinfulness;
profaneness; wickedness; godlessness.

IMPIGNORATE
Im*pig"no*rate, v. t. Etym: [LL. impignoratus, p. pl of impignorare
to pawn. See Pignoration.]

Defn: To pledge or pawn. [Obs.] Laing.

IMPIGNORATION
Im*pig`no*ra"tion, n. Etym: [LL. impignoratio: cf. F. impignoration.]

Defn: The act of pawning or pledging; the state of being pawned.
[Obs.] Bailey.

IMPING
Imp"ing, n. Etym: [See Imp to graft.]

1. The act or process of grafting or mending. [Archaic]

2. (Falconry)

Defn: The process of repairing broken feathers or a deficient wing.

IMPINGE
Im*pinge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impinged; p. pr. & vb. n. Impinging.]
Etym: [L. impingere; pref. im- in + pangere to fix, strike; prob.
akin to pacisci to agree, contract. See Pact, and cf. Impact.]

Defn: To fall or dash against; to touch upon; to strike; to hit; to
ciash with; -- with on or upon.
The cause of reflection is not the impinging of light on the solid or
impervious parts of bodies. Sir I. Newton.
But, in the present order of things, not to be employed without
impinging on God's justice. Bp. Warburton.

IMPINGEMENT
Im*pinge"ment, n.

Defn: The act of impinging.

IMPINGENT
Im*pin"gent, a. Etym: [L. impingens, p. pr.]

Defn: Striking against or upon.

IMPINGUATE
Im*pin"guate, v. t. Etym: [L. impinguatus, p. p. of impinguare to
fatten; pref. im- in + pinguis fat.]

Defn: To fatten; to make fat. [Obs.] Bacon.

IMPINGUATION
Im`pin*gua"tion, n.

Defn: The act of making fat, or the state of being fat or fattened.
[Obs.]

IMPIOUS
Im"pi*ous, a. Etym: [L. impius; pref. im- not + pius piou. See
Pious.]

Defn: Not pious; wanting piety; irreligious; irreverent; ungodly;
profane; wanting in reverence for the Supreme Being; as, an impious
deed; impious language.
When vice prevails, and impious men bear away, The post of honor is a
private station. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Impious, Irreligious, Profane. Irreligious is negative, impious
and profane are positive. An indifferent man may be irreligious; a
profane man is irreverent in speech and conduct; an impious man is
wickedly and boldly defiant in the strongest sense. Profane also has
the milder sense of secular. C. J. Smith.
 -- Im"pi*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Im"pi*ous*ness, n.

IMPIRE
Im"pire, n.

Defn: See Umpire. [Obs.] Huloet.

IMPISH
Imp"ish, a.

Defn: Having the qualities, or showing the characteristics, of an
imp.

IMPISHLY
Imp"ish*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of an imp.

IMPITEOUS
Im*pit"e*ous, a.

Defn: Pitiless; cruel. [Obs.]

IMPLACABILITY
Im*pla`ca*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. implacabilitas: cf. F.
implacabilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being implacable.

IMPLACABLE
Im*pla"ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. implacabilis; pref. im- not + placabilis:
cf. F. implacable. See Placable.]

1. Not placable; not to be appeased; incapable of being pacified;
inexorable; as, an implacable prince.
I see thou art implacable. Milton.
An object of implacable enmity. Macaulay.

2. Incapable of ebign relieved or assuaged; inextinguishable. [R.]
O! how I burn with implacable fire. Spenser.
Which wrought them pain Implacable, and many a dolorous groan.
Milton.

Syn.
 -- Unappeasable; inexorable; irreconcilable; unrelenting;
relentless; unyielding.

IMPLACABLENESS
Im*pla"ca*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being implacable; implacability.

IMPLACABLY
Im*pla"ca*bly, adv.

Defn: In an implacable manner.

IMPLACENTAL
Im`pla*cen"tal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without a placenta, as marsupials and monotremes.
 -- n.

Defn: A mammal having no placenta.

IMPLACENTALIA
Im`pla*cen*ta"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See In- not, and Placental.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A primary division of the Mammalia, including the monotremes
and marsupials, in which no placenta is formed.

IMPLANT
Im*plant" v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Implanting.]
Etym: [Pref. im- in + plant: cf. F. implanter.]

Defn: To plant, or infix, for the purpose of growth; to fix deeply;
to instill; to inculate; to introduce; as, to implant the seeds of
virtue, or the principles of knowledge, in the minds of youth.
Minds well implanted with solid . . . breeding. Milton.

IMPLANTATION
Im`plan*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. implantation.]

Defn: The act or process of implantating.

IMPLATE
Im*plate", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implated; p. pr. & vb. n. Implating.]

Defn: To cover with plates; to sheathe; as, to implate a ship with
iron.

IMPLAUSIBILITY
Im*plau`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Want of plausibility; the quality of being implausible.

IMPLAUSIBLE
Im*plau"si*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + plausible: cf. F.
implausible.]

Defn: Not plausible; not wearing the appearance of truth or
credibility, and not likely to be believed. "Implausible harangues."
Swift.
 -- Im*plau"si*ble*ness, n.
 -- Im*plau"si*bly, adv.

IMPLEACH
Im*pleach", v. t.

Defn: To pleach; to interweave. [Obs.] Shak.

IMPLEAD
Im*plead", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impleaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Impleading.] Etym: [Cf. Emplead.] (Law)

Defn: To institute and prosecute a suit against, in court; to sue or
prosecute at law; hence, to accuse; to impeach.

IMPLEAD
Im*plead", v. i.

Defn: To sue at law.

IMPLEADABLE
Im*plead"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not admitting excuse, evasion, or plea; rigorous. [R.] T.
Adams.

IMPLEADER
Im*plead"er, n. (Law)

Defn: One who prosecutes or sues another.

IMPLEASING
Im*pleas"ing (, a.

Defn: Unpleasing; displeasing. [Obs.] Overbury.

IMPLEDGE
Im*pledge", v. t.

Defn: To pledge. Sir W. Scott.

IMPLEMENT
Im"ple*ment, n. Etym: [LL. implementum accomplishment, fr. L.
implere, impletum, to fill up, finish, complete; pref. im- in + plere
to fill. The word was perh. confuse with OF. empleier, emploier, to
employ, F. employer, whence E. employ. See Plenty.]

Defn: That which fulfills or supplies a want or use; esp., an
instrument, toll, or utensil, as supplying a requisite to an end; as,
the implements of trade, of husbandry, or of war.
Genius must have talent as its complement and implement. Coleridge.

IMPLEMENT
Im"ple*ment, v. t.

1. To accomplish; to fulfill. [R.]
Revenge . . . executed and implemented by the hand of Vanbeest Brown.
Sir W. Scott.

2. To provide with an implement or implements; to cause to be
fulfilled, satisfied, or carried out, by means of an implement or
implements.
The chief mechanical requisites of the barometer are implemented in
such an instrument as the following. Nichol.

3. (Scots Law)

Defn: To fulfill or perform, as a contract or an engagement.

IMPLEMENTAL
Im`ple*men"tal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, implements or their use;
mechanical.

IMPLETION
Im*ple"tion, n. Etym: [L. impletio. See Implement.]

1. The act of filling, or the state of being full. Sir T. Browne.

2. That which fills up; filling. Coleridge.

IMPLEX
Im"plex, a. Etym: [L. implexus, p. p. of implectere to infold; pref.
im- in + plectere to plait: cf. F implexe.]

Defn: Intricate; entangled; complicated; complex.
The fable of every poem is . . . simple or implex. it is called
simple when there is no change of fortune in it; implex, when the
fortune of the chief actor changes from bad to good, or from good to
bad. Addison.

IMPLEXION
Im*plex"ion, n. Etym: [L. implexio.]

Defn: Act of involving, or state of being involved; involution.

IMPLIABLE
Im*pli"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not pliable; inflexible; inyielding.

IMPLICATE
Im"pli*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Implicating.] Etym: [L. implicatus, p. p. of implicare to involve;
pref. im- in + plicare to fold. See Employ, Ply, and cf. Imply,
Implicit.]

1. To infold; to fold together; to interweave.
The meeting boughs and implicated leaves. Shelley.

2. To bring into connection with; to involve; to connect; -- applied
to persons, in an unfavorable sense; as, the evidence implicates many
in this conspiracy; to be implicated in a crime, a discreditable
transaction, a fault, etc.

IMPLICATION
Im`pli*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. implicatio: cf. F. implication.]

1. The act of implicating, or the state of being implicated.
Three principal causes of firmness are. the grossness, the quiet
contact, and the implication of component parts. Boyle.

2. An implying, or that which is implied, but not expressed; an
inference, or something which may fairly be understood, though not
expressed in words.
Whatever things, therefore, it was asserted that the king might do,
it was a necessary implication that there were other things which he
could not do. Hallam.

IMPLICATIVE
Im"pli*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to implicate.

IMPLICATIVELY
Im"pli*ca*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By implication. Sir G. Buck.

IMPLICIT
Im*plic"it, a. Etym: [L. implicitus, p. p. of implicare to entwine,
entangle, attach closely: cf. F. implicite. See Implicate.]

1. Infolded; entangled; complicated; involved. [Obs.] Milton.
In his woolly fleece I cling implicit. Pope.

2. Tacitly comprised; fairly to be understood, though not expressed
in words; implied; as, an implicit contract or agreement. South.

3. Resting on another; trusting in the word or authority of another,
without doubt or reserve; unquestioning; complete; as, implicit
confidence; implicit obedience.
Back again to implicit faith I fall. Donne.
Implicit function. (Math.) See under Function.

IMPLICITLY
Im*plic"it*ly, adv.

1. In an implicit manner; without reserve; with unreserved
confidence.
Not to dispute the methods of his providence, but humbly and
implicitly to acquiesce in and adore them. Atterbury.

2. By implication; impliedly; as, to deny the providence of God is
implicitly to deny his existence. Bentley.

IMPLICITNESS
Im*plic"it*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being implicit.

IMPLICITY
Im*plic"i*ty, n.

Defn: Implicitness. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

IMPLIED
Im*plied", a.

Defn: Virtually involved or included; involved in substance;
inferential; tacitly conceded; -- the correlative of express, or
expressed. See Imply.

IMPLIEDLY
Im*pli"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: By implication or inference. Bp. Montagu.

IMPLODED
Im*plod"ed, a. (Phon.)

Defn: Formed by implosion. Ellis.

IMPLODENT
Im*plod"ent, n. (Phon.)

Defn: An implosive sound. Ellis.

IMPLORATION
Im`plo*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. imploratio: cf. OF. imploration. See
Implore.]

Defn: The act of imploring; earnest supplication. Bp. Hall.

IMPLORATOR
Im"plo*ra`tor, n.

Defn: One who implores. [Obs.]
Mere implorators of unholy suits. Shak.

IMPLORATORY
Im*plor"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Supplicatory; entreating. [R.] Carlyle.

IMPLORE
Im*plore", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implored; p. pr. & vb. n. Imploring.]
Etym: [L. implorare; pref. im- in + plorare to cry aloud. See
Deplore.]

Defn: To call upon, or for, in supplication; to beseech; to prey to,
or for, earnestly; to petition with urency; to entreat; to beg; --
followed directly by the word expressing the thing sought, or the
person from whom it is sought.
Imploring all the gods that reign above. Pope.
I kneel, and then implore her blessing. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To beseech; supplicate; crave; entreat; beg; solicit; petition;
prey; request; adjure. See Beseech.

IMPLORE
Im*plore", v. i.

Defn: To entreat; to beg; to prey.

IMPLORE
Im*plore", n.

Defn: Imploration. [Obs.] Spencer.

IMPLORER
Im*plor"er, n.

Defn: One who implores.

IMPLORING
Im*plor"ing, a.

Defn: That implores; beseeching; entreating.
 -- Im*plor"ing*ly, adv.

IMPLOSION
Im*plo"sion, n. Etym: [Formed by substitution of pref. im- in for
pref. ex- in explosion.]

1. A burstion inwards, as of a vessel from which the air has been
exhausted; -- contrasted with explosion.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: A sudden compression of the air in the mouth, simultaneously
with and affecting the sound made by the closure of the organs in
uttering p, t, or k, at the end of a syllable (see Guide to
Pronunciation, §§159, 189); also, a similar compression made by an
upward thrust of the larynx without any accompanying explosive
action, as in the peculiar sound of b, d, and g, heard in Southern
Germany. H. Sweet.

IMPLOSIVE
Im*plo"sive, a. (Phon.)

Defn: Formed by implosion.
 -- n.

Defn: An implosive sound, an implodent.
 -- Im*plo"sive*ly, adv. H. Sweet.

IMPLUMED
Im*plumed", a.

Defn: Not plumed; without plumes or feathers; featherless. [R.]
Drayton.

IMPLUNGE
Im*plunge", v. t.

Defn: To plunge. Fuller.

IMPLUVIUM
Im*plu"vi*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. impluere to rain into; pref. im- in +
pluere to rain.] (Arch.)

Defn: In Roman dwellings, a cistern or tank, set in the atrium or
peristyle to recieve the water from the roof, by means of the
compluvium; generally made ornamental with flowers and works of art
around its birm.

IMPLY
Im*ply", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implied; p. pr. & vb. n. Implying.]
Etym: [From the same source as employ. See Employ, Ply, and cf.
Implicate, Apply.]

1. To infold or involve; to wrap up. [Obs.] "His head in curls
implied." Chapman.

2. To involve in substance or essence, or by fair inference, or by
construction of law, when not include virtually; as, war implies
fighting.
Where a mulicious act is proved, a mulicious intention is implied.
Bp. Sherlock.
When a man employs a laborer to work for him, . . . the act of hiring
implies an obligation and a promise that he shall pay him a
reasonable reward for his services. Blackstone.

3. To refer, ascribe, or attribute. [Obs.]
Whence might this distaste arise
If [from] neither your perverse and peevish will. To which I most
imply it. J. Webster.

Syn.
 -- To involve; include; comprise; import; mean; denote; signify;
betoken. See Involve.

IMPOISON
Im*poi"son, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Empoison.]

Defn: To poison; to imbitter; to impair.

IMPOISONER
Im*poi"son*er, n.

Defn: A poisoner. [Obs.] Beau. & Fi.

IMPOISONMENT
Im*poi"son*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. Empoisonment.]

Defn: The act of poisoning or impoisoning. [Obs.] Pope.

IMPOLARILY; IMPOLARLY
Im*po"lar*i*ly, Im*po"lar*ly, adv.

Defn: Not according to or in, the direction of the poles. [Obs.] Sir
T. Browne.

IMPOLICY
Im*pol"i*cy, n.

Defn: The quality of being impolitic; inexpedience; unsuitableness to
the end proposed; bads policy; as, the impolicy of fraud. Bp.
Horsley.

IMPOLITE
Im`po*lite", a. Etym: [L. impolitus unpolishied, pref. im- not +
politus, p. p. of polire to polish, refine. See Polite.]

Defn: Not polite; not of polished manners; wanting in good manners;
discourteous; uncivil; rude.
 -- Im`po*lite"ly, adv.
 -- Im`po*lite"ness, n.

IMPOLITIC
Im*pol"i*tic, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + politic; cf. F. impolitique.]

Defn: Not politic; contrary to, or wanting in, policy; unwise;
imprudent; indiscreet; inexpedient; as, an impolitic ruler, law, or
measure.
The most unjust and impolitic of all things, unequal taxation. Burke.

Syn.
 -- Indiscreet; inexpedient; undiplomatic.

IMPOLITICAL
Im`po*lit"i*cal, a.

Defn: Impolitic. [Obs.] -- Im`po*lit"i*cal*ly, adv. [Obs.] Bacon.

IMPOLITICLY
Im*pol"i*tic*ly, adv.

Defn: In an impolitic manner.

IMPOLITICNESS
Im*pol"i*tic*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being impolitic.

IMPONDERABILITY
Im*pon`der*a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. impondérabilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being imponderable; imponderableness.

IMPONDERABLE
Im*pon"der*a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + ponderable: cf. F.
impondérable.]

Defn: Not ponderable; without sensible or appreciable weight;
incapable of being weighed.

IMPONDERABLE
Im*pon"der*a*ble, n. (Physics)

Defn: An imponderable substance or body; specifically, in the plural,
a name formely applied to heat, light, electricity, and magnetism,
regarded as subtile flyids destitute of weight but in modern science
little used.

IMPONDERABLENESS
Im*pon"der*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being imponderable.

IMPONDEROUS
Im*pon"der*ous, a.

Defn: Imponderable. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
 -- Im*pon"der*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]

IMPONE
Im*pone", v. t. Etym: [L. imponere, impositum, to place upon; pref.
im- in + ponere to place. See Position.]

Defn: To stake; to wager; to pledge. [Obs.]
Against the which he has imponed, as I take it, six French rapiers
and poniards. Shak.

IMPOOFO
Im*poo"fo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The eland. [Written also impoofoo.]

IMPOON
Im*poon", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The duykerbok.

IMPOOR
Im*poor", v. t.

Defn: To impoverish. [Obs.]

IMPOROSITY
Im`po*ros"i*ty, n. Etym: [Perf. im- not + porosity: cf. F.
imporosité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being imporous; want of porosity;
compactness. "The . . . imporosity betwixt the tangible parts."
Bacon.

IMPOROUS
Im*por"ous, a.

Defn: Destitute of pores; very close or compact in texture; solid.
Sir T. Browne.

IMPORT
Im*port", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imported; p. pr. & vb. n. Importing.]
Etym: [L. importare to bring in, to occasion, to cause; pref. im- in
+ portare to bear. Sense 3 comes through F. importer, from the Latin.
See Port demeanor.]

1. To bring in from abroad; to introduce from without; especially, to
bring (wares or merchandise) into a place or country from a foreign
country, in the transactions of commerce; -- opposed to export. We
import teas from China, coffee from Brasil, etc.

2. To carry or include, as meaning or intention; to imply; to
signify.
Every petition . . . doth . . . always import a multitude of speakers
together. Hooker.

3. To be of importance or consequence to; to have a bearing on; to
concern.
I have a motion much imports your good. Shak.
If I endure it, what imports it you Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To denote; mean; sighify; imply; indicate; betoken; interest;
concern.

IMPORT
Im*port", v. i.

Defn: To signify; to purport; to be of moment. "For that . . .
importeth to the work." Bacon.

IMPORT
Im"port, n.

1. Merchandise imported, or brought into a country from without its
boundaries; -- generally in the plural, opposed to exports.
I take the imports from, and not the exports to, these conquests, as
the measure of these advantages which we derived from them. Burke.

2. That which a word, phrase, or document contains as its
signification or intention or interpretation of a word, action,
event, and the like.

3. Importance; weight; consequence.
Most serious design, and the great import. Shak.

IMPORTABLE
Im*port"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. importable. See Import.]

Defn: Capable of being imported.

IMPORTABLE
Im*port"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. importabilis; pref. im- not + portabilis
bearable: cf. OF. importable. See Portable.]

Defn: Not to be endured; insupportable; intolerable. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- Im*port"a*ble*ness, n. [Obs.]

IMPORTANCE
Im*por"tance, n. Etym: [F. importance. See Important.]

1. The quality or state of being important; consequence; weight;
moment; significance.
Thy own importance know, Nor bound thy narrow views to things below.
Pope.

2. Subject; matter. [Obs.]
Upon importance of so slight and trivial a nature. Shak.

3. Import; meaning; significance. [Obs.]
The wisest beholder could not say if the importance were joy or
sorrow. Shak.

4. Importunity; solicitation. [Obs.]
At our importance hither is he come. Shak.

IMPORTANCY
Im*por"tan*cy, n.

Defn: Importance; significance; consequence; that which is important.
[Obs.] Shak. "Careful to conceal importancies." Fuller.

IMPORTANT
Im*por"tant, a. Etym: [F. important. See Import, v. t.]

1. Full of, or burdened by, import; charged with great interests;
restless; anxious. [Obs.]
Thou hast strength as much As serves to execute a mind very
important. Chapman.

2. Carrying or possessing weight or consequence; of valuable content
or bearing; significant; weighty.
Things small as nothing . . . He makes important. Shak.

3. Bearing on; forcible; driving. [Obs.]
He fiercely at him flew, And with important outrage him assailed.
Spenser.

4. Importunate; pressing; urgent. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- Weighty; momentous; significant; essential; necessary;
considerable; influential; serious.

IMPORTANTLY
Im*por"tant*ly, adv.

Defn: In an important manner.

IMPORTATION
Im`por*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. importation. See Import, v. t.]

1. The act of carrying, conveying, or delivering. [R.]

2. The act or practice of importing, or bringing into a country or
state; -- opposed to exportation.

3. That which is imported; commodities or wares introduced into a
country from abroad.

IMPORTER
Im*port"er, n.

Defn: One who imports; the merchant who brings goods into a country
or state; -- opposed to exporter.

IMPORTING
Im*port"ing, a.

Defn: Full of meaning. [Obs.] Shak.

IMPORTLESS
Im*port"less, a.

Defn: Void of meaning. [Obs.] Shak.

IMPORTUNABLE
Im*por"tu*na*ble, a.

Defn: Heavy; insupportable. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

IMPORTUNACY
Im*por"tu*na*cy, n. Etym: [From Importunate.]

Defn: The quality of being importunate; importunateness.

IMPORTUNATE
Im*por"tu*nate, a. Etym: [See Importune.]

1. Troublesomely urgent; unreasonably solicitous; overpressing in
request or demand; urgent; teasing; as, an impotunate petitioner,
curiosity. Whewell.

2. Hard to be borne; unendurable. [R.] Donne.
 -- Im*por"tu*nate*ly, adv.
 -- Im*por"tu*nate*ness, n.

IMPORTUNATOR
Im*por"tu*na`tor, n.

Defn: One who importunes; an importuner. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys.

IMPORTUNE
Im`por*tune", a. Etym: [F. importun, L. importunus; pref. im- not + a
derivative from the root of portus harbor, importunus therefore orig.
meaning, hard of access. See Port harbor, and cf. Importunate.]

1. Inopportune; unseasonable. [Obs.]

2. Troublesome; vexatious; persistent; urgent; hence, vexatious on
account of untimely urgency or perinacious solicitation. [Obs.]
And their importune fates all satisfied. Spenser.
Of all other affections it [envy] is the most importune and
continual. Bacon.

IMPORTUNE
Im`por*tune", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Importuned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Importuning.] Etym: [From Importune, a.: cf. F. importuner.]

1. To request or solicit, with urgency; to press with frequent,
unreasonable, or troublesome application or pertinacity; hence, to
tease; to irritate; to worry.
Their ministers and residents here have perpetually importuned the
court with unreasonable demands. Swift.

2. To import; to signify. [Obs.] "It importunes death." Spenser.

IMPORTUNE
Im`por*tune", v. i.

Defn: To require; to demand. [Obs.]
We shall write to you, As time and our concernings shall importune.
Shak.

IMPORTUNELY
Im`por*tune"ly, adv.

Defn: In an importune manner. [Obs.]

IMPORTUNER
Im`por*tun"er, n.

Defn: One who importunes.

IMPORTUNITY
Im`por*tu"ni*ty, n.; pl. Importunities. Etym: [L. importunitas
unsuitableness, rudeness: cf. F. importunité.]

Defn: The quality of being importunate; pressing or pertinacious
solicitation; urgent request; incessant or frequent application;
troublesome pertinacity.
O'ercome with importunity and tears. Milton.

IMPORTUOUS
Im*por"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. importuosus; pref.im- not + portuosus
abounding in harbors, fr. portus harbor.]

Defn: Without a port or harbor. [R.]

IMPOSABLE
Im*pos"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. imposable.]

Defn: Capable of being imposed or laid on. Hammond.

IMPOSABLENESS
Im*pos"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being imposable.

IMPOSE
Im*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imposed; p. pr. & vb. n. Imposing.]
Etym: [F. imposer; pref. im- in + poser to place. See Pose, v. t.]

1. To lay on; to set or place; to put; to deposit.
Cakes of salt and barley [she] did impose Within a wicker basket.
Chapman.

2. To lay as a charge, burden, tax, duty, obligation, command,
penalty, etc.; to enjoin; to levy; to inflict; as, to impose a toll
or tribute.
What fates impose, that men must needs abide. Shak.
Death is the penalty imposed. Milton.
Thou on the deep imposest nobler laws. Waller.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: To lay on, as the hands, in the religious rites of confirmation
and ordination.

4. (Print.)

Defn: To arrange in proper order on a table of stone or metal and
lock up in a chase for printing; -- said of columns or pages of type,
forms, etc.

IMPOSE
Im*pose", v. i.

Defn: To practice trick or deception. To impose on or upon, to pass
or put a trick on; to delude. "He imposes on himself, and mistakes
words for things." Locke.

IMPOSE
Im*pose", n.

Defn: A command; injunction. [Obs.] Shak.

IMPOSEMENT
Im*pose"ment, n.

Defn: Imposition. [Obs.]

IMPOSER
Im*pos"er, n.

Defn: One who imposes.
The imposers of these oaths might repent. Walton.

IMPOSING
Im*pos"ing, a.

1. Laying as a duty; enjoining.

2. Adapted to impress forcibly; impressive; commanding; as, an
imposing air; an imposing spectacle. "Large and imposing edifices."
Bp. Hobart.

3. Deceiving; deluding; misleading.

IMPOSING
Im*pos"ing, n. (Print.)

Defn: The act of imposing the columns of a page, or the pages of a
sheet. See Impose, v. t., 4. Imposing stone (Print.), the stone on
which the pages or columns of types are imposed or made into forms; -
- called also imposing table.

IMPOSINGLY
Im*pos"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In an imposing manner.

IMPOSINGNESS
Im*pos"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being imposing.

IMPOSITION
Im`po*si"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. impositio the application of a
name to a thing. See Impone.]

1. The act of imposing, laying on, affixing, enjoining, inflicting,
obtruding, and the like. "From imposition of strict laws." Milton.
Made more solemn by the imposition of hands. Hammond.

2. That which is imposed, levied, or enjoined; charge; burden;
injunction; tax.

3. (Eng. Univ.)

Defn: An extra exercise enjoined on students as a punishment. T.
Warton.

4. An excessive, arbitrary, or unlawful exaction; hence, a trick or
deception put on laid on others; cheating; fraud; delusion;
imposture.
Reputation is an idle and most false imposition. Shak.

5. (Eccl.)

Defn: The act of laying on the hands as a religious ceremoy, in
ordination, confirmation, etc.

6. (Print.)

Defn: The act or process of imosing pages or columns of type. See
Impose, v. t., 4.

Syn.
 -- Deceit; fraud; imposture. See Deception.

IMPOSSIBILITY
Im*pos`si*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Impossibilities. Etym: [L.
impossibilitas: cf. F. impossibilité.]

1. The quality of being impossible; impracticability.
They confound difficulty with impossibility. South.

2. An impossible thing; that which can not be thought, done, or
endured.
Impossibilities! O, no, there's none. Cowley.

3. Inability; helplessness. [R.] Latimer. Logical impossibility, a
condition or statement involving contradiction or absurdity; as, that
a thing can be and not be at the same time. See Principle of
Contradiction, under Contradiction.

IMPOSSIBLE
Im*pos"si*ble, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. impossibilis; pref. im- not +
possibilis possible. See Possible.]

Defn: Not possible; incapable of being done, of existing, etc.;
unattainable in the nature of things, or by means at command;
insuperably difficult under the circumstances; absurd or
impracticable; not feasible.
With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible.
Matt. xix. 26.
Without faith it is impossible to please him. Heb. xi. 6.
Impossible quantity (Math.), an imagnary quantity. See Imaginary.

Syn.
 -- See Impracticable.

IMPOSSIBLE
Im*pos"si*ble, n.

Defn: An impossibility. [Obs.]
"Madam," quoth he, "this were an impossible!" Chaucer.

IMPOSSIBLY
Im*pos"si*bly, adv.

Defn: Not possibly. Sir. T. North.

IMPOST
Im"post, n. Etym: [OF. impost, F. impot, LL. impostus, fr. L.
impostus, p. p. of imponere to impose. See Impone.]

1. That which is imposed or levied; a tax, tribute, or duty;
especially, a duty or tax laid by goverment on goods imported into a
country.
Even the ship money . . . Johnson could not pronounce to have been an
unconstitutional impost. Macaulay.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: The top member of a pillar, pier, wall, etc., upon which the
weight of an arch rests.

Note: The impost is called continuous, if the moldings of the arch or
architrave run down the jamb or pier without a break.

Syn.
 -- Tribute; excise; custom; duty; tax.

IMPOSTHUMATE
Im*post"hu*mate, v. t. Etym: [See Imposthume.]

Defn: To apostemate; to form an imposthume or abscess. Arbuthnot.

IMPOSTHUMATE
Im*post"hu*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imposthumated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Imposthumating.]

Defn: To affect with an imposthume or abscess.

IMPOSTHUMATE
Im*post"hu*mate, a.

Defn: Imposthumated.

IMPOSTHUMATION
Im*post`hu*ma"tion, n.

1. The act of forming an abscess; state of being inflamed;
suppuration.

2. An abscess; an imposthume. Coxe.

IMPOSTHUME
Im*post"hume, n. Etym: [A corruption of aposteme. See Aposteme.]

Defn: A collection of pus or purulent matter in any part of an animal
body; an abscess.

IMPOSTHUME
Im*post"hume, v. t. & i.

Defn: Same as Imposthumate.

IMPOSTOR
Im*pos"tor, n. Etym: [L. impostor a deceiver, fr. imponere to impose
upon, deceive. See Impone.]

Defn: One who imposes upon others; a person who assumes a character
or title not his own, for the purpose of deception; a pretender. "The
fraudulent impostor foul." Milton.

Syn.
 -- Deceiver; cheat; rogue. See Deceiver.

IMPOSTORSHIP
Im*pos"tor*ship, n.

Defn: The condition, character, or practice of an impostor. Milton.

IMPOSTRESS; IMPOSTRIX
Im*pos"tress, Im*pos"trix, n. Etym: [LL. impostrix. See Impostor.]

Defn: A woman who imposes upon or deceives others. [R.] Fuller.

IMPOSTROUS
Im*pos"trous, n.

Defn: Characterized by imposture; deceitful. "Impostrous pretense of
knowledge." Grote.

IMPOSTURAGE
Im*pos"tur*age, n.

Defn: Imposture; cheating. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

IMPOSTURE
Im*pos"ture, n. Etym: [L. impostura: cf. F. imposture. See Impone.]

Defn: The act or conduct of an impostor; deception practiced under a
false or assumed character; fraud or imposition; cheating.
From new legends And fill the world with follies and impostures.
Johnson.

Syn.
 -- Cheat; fraud; trick; imposition; delusion.

IMPOSTURED
Im*pos"tured, a.

Defn: Done by imposture. [Obs.]

IMPOSTUROUS
Im*pos"tur*ous, a.

Defn: Impostrous; deceitful.
Strictness fales and impostrous. Beau. & Fl.

IMPOSTURY
Im*pos"tur*y, n.

Defn: Imposture. [Obs.] Fuller.

IMPOTENCE; IMPOTENCY
Im"po*tence, Im"po*ten*cy, n. Etym: [L. impotenia inability, poverty,
want of moderation. See Impotent.]

1. The quality or condition of being impotent; want of strength or
power, animal, intellectual, or moral; weakness; feebleness;
inability; imbecility.
Some were poor by impotency of nature; as young fatherless children,
old decrepit persons, idiots, and cripples. Hayward.
O, impotence of mind in body strong! Milton.

2. Want of self-restraint or self-control. [R.] Milton.

3. (Law & Med.)

Defn: Want of procreative power; inability to copulate, or beget
children; also, sometimes, sterility; barrenness.

IMPOTENT
Im"po*tent, a. Etym: [F. impotent, L. impotens, -entis; pref. im- not
+ potens potent, powerful. See Potent.]

1. Not potent; wanting power, strength. or vigor. whether physical,
intellectual, or moral; deficient in capacity; destitute of force;
weak; feeble; infirm.
There sat a certain man at Lystra, impotent inhis feet. Acts xiv. 8.
O most lame and impotent conclusion! Shak.
Not slow to hear, Nor impotent to save. Addison.

2. Wanting the power of self-restraint; incontrolled; ungovernable;
violent.
Impotent of tongue, her silence broke. Dryden.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Wanting the power of procreation; unable to copulate; also,
sometimes, sterile; barren.

IMPOTENT
Im"po*tent, n.

Defn: One who is imoitent. [R.] Shak.

IMPOTENTLY
Im"po*tent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an impotent manner.

IMPOUND
Im*pound" (, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impounded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Impounding.]

Defn: To shut up or place in an inclosure called a pound; hence, to
hold in the custody of a court; as, to impound stray cattle; to
impound a document for safe keeping.
But taken and impounded as a stray, The king of Scots. Shak.

IMPOUNDAGE
Im*pound"age, n.

1. The act of impounding, or the state of being impounded.

2. The fee or fine for impounding.

IMPOUNDER
Im*pound"er, n.

Defn: One who impounds.

IMPOVERISH
Im*pov"er*ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impoverished; p. pr. & vb. n.
Impoverishing.] Etym: [OF. empovrir; pref. em- (L. in) + povre poor,
F. pauvre; cf. OF. apovrir, F. appauvrir, where the prefix is a-, L.
ad. Cf. Empoverish, and see Poor, and -ish.]

1. To make poor; to reduce to poverty or indigence; as, misfortune
and disease impoverish families.

2. To exhaust the strength, richness, or fertility of; to make
sterile; as, to impoverish land.

IMPOVERISHER
Im*pov"er*ish*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, impoverishes.

IMPOVERISHMENT
Im*pov"er*ish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. empoverissement, and F.
appauvrissement.]

Defn: The act of impoverishing, or the state of being impoverished;
reduction to poverty. Sir W. Scott.

IMPOWER
Im*pow"er, v. t.

Defn: See Empower.

IMP-POLE
Imp"-pole` (, n. (Building)

Defn: A pole for supporting a scaffold.

IMPRACTICABILITY
Im*prac`ti*ca*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Impracticabilities (.

1. The state or quality of being impracticable; infeasibility.
Goldsmith.

2. An impracticable thing.

3. Intractableness; stubbornness.

IMPRACTICABLE
Im*prac"ti*ca*ble, a.

1. Not practicable; incapable of being performed, or accomplished by
the means employed, or at command; impossible; as, an impracticable
undertaking.

2. Not to be overcome, presuaded, or controlled by any reasonable
method; unmanageable; intractable; not capable of being easily dealt
with; -- used in a general sense, as applied to a person or thing
that is difficult to control or get along with.
This though, impracticable heart Is governed by a dainty-fingered
girl. Rowe.
Patriotic butloyal men went away disguested afresh with the
impracticable arrogance of a sovereign. Palfrey.

3. Incapable of being used or availed of; as, an impracticable road;
an impracticable method.

Syn.
 -- Impossible; infeasible.
 -- Impracticable, Impossible. A thing is impracticable when it can
not be accomplished by any human means at present possessed; a thing
is impossible when the laws of nature forbid it. The navigation of a
river may now be impracticable, but not impossible, because the
existing obstructions may yet be removed. "The barons exercised the
most despotic authority over their vassals, and every scheme of
public utility was rendered impracticable by their continued petty
wars with each other." Mickle. "With men this is impossible, but with
God all things are possible." Matt. xix. 26.

IMPRACTICABLENESS
Im*prac"ti*ca*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being impracticable; impracticability.

IMPRACTICABLY
Im*prac"ti*ca*bly, adv.

Defn: In an impracticable manner.
Morality not impracticably rigid. Johnson.

IMPRACTICAL
Im*prac"ti*cal, a.

Defn: Not practical.

IMPRECATE
Im"pre*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imprecated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Imprecating.] Etym: [L. imprecatus, p. p. of imprecari to imprecate;
pref. im- in, on + precari to pray. See Pray.]

1. To call down by prayer, as something hurtful or calamitous.
Imprecate the vengeance of Heaven on the guilty empire. Mickle.

2. To invoke evil upon; to curse; to swear at.
In vain we blast the ministers of Fate, And the forlorn physicians
imprecate. Rochester.

IMPRECATION
Im`pre*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. imprecatio: cf. F. imprécation.]

Defn: The act of imprecating, or unvoking evil upon any one; a player
that a curse or calamnity may fall on any one; a curse.
Men cowered like slaves before such horrid imprecations. Motley.

Syn.
 -- Malediction; curse; execration; anathema. See Malediction.

IMPRECATORY
Im"pre*ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of the nature of, or containing, imprecation; invokingevil; as,
the imprecatory psalms.

IMPRECISION
Im`pre*ci"sion, n.

Defn: Want of precision. [R.]

IMPREGN
Im*pregn", v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. impregner. See Impregnate.]

Defn: To impregnate; to make fruitful. [Obs.]
His perniciousss words, impregned With reason. Milton.
Semele doth Bacchus bear Impregned of Jove. Dr. H. More.

IMPREGNABILITY
Im*preg`na*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being impregnable; invincibility.

IMPREGNABLE
Im*preg"na*ble, a. Etym: [F. imprenable; pref. im- not + prenable
pregnable, fr. prendre to take, L. prehendere. See Comprehend, Get to
obtain.]

Defn: Not to be stormed, or taken by assault; incapable of being
subdued; able to resist attack; unconquerable; as, an impregnable
fortress; impregnable virtue.
The man's affection remains wholly unconcerned and impregnable.
South.
-- Im*preg"na*ble*ness, n.
 -- Im*preg"na*bly, adv.

IMPREGNABLE
Im*preg"na*ble, a. Etym: [See Impregnate.] (Biol.)

Defn: Capable of being impregnated, as the egg of an animal, or the
ovule of a plant.

IMPREGNANT
Im*preg"nant, n. Etym: [See Impregnate.]

Defn: That which impregnates. [R.] Glanvill.

IMPREGNANT
Im*preg"nant, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + pregnant.]

Defn: Not pregnant; unfertilized or infertile. [R.]

IMPREGNATE
Im*preg"nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impregnated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Impregnating.] Etym: [LL. impraegnatus, p. p. of impraegnare to
impregnate, fr. L. pref. im- in + praegnans pregnant. See Pregnant.]

1. To make pregnant; to cause to conceive; to render prolific; to get
with child or young.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: To come into contact with (an ovum or egg) so as to cause
impregnation; to fertilize; to fecundate.

3. To infuse an active principle into; to render frutful or fertile
in any way; to fertilize; to imbue.

4. To infuse particles of another substance into; to communicate the
quality of another to; to cause to be filled, imbued, mixed, or
furnished (with something); as, to impregnate India rubber with
sulphur; clothing impregnated with contagion; rock impregnated with
ore.

IMPREGNATE
Im*preg"nate, v. i.

Defn: To become pregnant. Addison.

IMPREGNATE
Im*preg"nate, a. Etym: [LL. impraegnatus, p. p.]

Defn: Impregnated; made prolific.
The scorching ray Here pierceth not, impregnate with disease. Byron.

IMPREGNATION
Im`preg*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. imprégnation, LL. impraegnatio.]

1. The act of impregnating or the state of being impregnated;
fecundation.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The fusion of a female germ cell (ovum) with a male germ cell
(in animals, a spermatozoön) to form a single new cell endowed with
the power of developing into a new individual; fertilization;
fecundation.

Note: In the broadest biological sense, impregnation, or sexual
generation, consists simply in the coalescence of two similar masses
of protoplasmic matter, either derived from different parts of the
same organism or from two distinct organisms. From the single mass,
which results from the fusion, or coalescence, of these two masses, a
new organism develops.

3. That with which anything is impregnated. Derham.

4. Intimate mixture; influsion; saturation.

5. (Mining)

Defn: An ore deposit, with indefinite boundaries, consisting of rock
impregnated with ore. Raymond.

IMPREJUDICATE
Im`pre*ju"di*cate, a.

Defn: Not prejuged; unprejudiced; impartial. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

IMPRENABLE
Im*pre"na*ble, a.

Defn: Impregnable. [Obs.]

IMPREPARATION
Im*prep`a*ra"tion, n.

Defn: Want of preparation. [Obs.] Hooker.

IMPRESA
Im*pre"sa, n. Etym: [It. See Emprise, and cf. Impress, n., 4.] (Her.)

Defn: A device on a shield or seal, or used as a bookplate or the
like. [Written also imprese and impress.]
My impresa to your lordship; a swain Flying to a laurel for shelter.
J. Webster.

IMPRESARIO
Im`pre*sa"ri*o, n.; pl. Impresarios. Etym: [It., from impresa
enterprise.]

Defn: The projector, manager, or conductor, of an opera or concert
company.

IMPRESCRIPTIBILITY
Im`pre*scrip`ti*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. imprescriptibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being imprescriptible.

IMPRESCRIPTIBLE
Im`pre*scrip"ti*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + prescriptible: cf. F.
imprescriptible.]

1. Not capable of being lost or impaired by neglect, by disuse, or by
the claims of another founded on prescription.
The right of navigation, fishing, and others that may be exercised on
the sea, belonging to the right of mere ability, are imprescriptible.
Vattel (Trans. )

2. Not derived from, or dependent on, external authority; self-
evidencing; obvious.
The imprescriptible laws of the pure reason. Colerridge.

IMPRESCRIPTIBLY
Im`pre*scrip"ti*bly, adv.

Defn: In an imprescriptible manner; obviously.

IMPRESE
Im*prese", n.

Defn: A device. See Impresa.
An imprese, as the Italians call it, is a device in picture with his
motto or word, borne by noble or learned personages. Camden.

IMPRESS
Im*press", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impressed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Impressing.] Etym: [L. impressus, p. p. of imprimere to impress;
pref. im- in, on + premere to press. See Press to squeeze, and cf.
Imprint.]

1. To press, stamp, or print something in or upon; to mark by
pressure, or as by pressure; to imprint (that which bears the
impression).
His heart, like an agate, with your print impressed. Shak.

2. To produce by pressure, as a mark, stamp, image, etc.; to imprint
(a mark or figure upon something).

3. Fig.: To fix deeply in the mind; to present forcibly to the
attention, etc.; to imprint; to inculcate.
Impress the motives of persuasion upon our own hearts till we feel
the force of them. I. Watts.

4. Etym: [See Imprest, Impress, n., 5.]

Defn: To take by force for public service; as, to impress sailors or
money.
The second five thousand pounds impressed for the service of the sick
and wounded prisoners. Evelyn.

IMPRESS
Im*press", v. i.

Defn: To be impressed; to rest. [Obs.]
Such fiendly thoughts in his heart impress. Chaucer.

IMPRESS
Im"press, n.; pl. Impresses (.

1. The act of impressing or making.

2. A mark made by pressure; an indentation; imprint; the image or
figure of anything, formed by pressure or as if by pressure; result
produced by pressure or influence.
The impresses of the insides of these shells. Woodward.
This weak impress of love is as a figure Trenched in ice. Shak.

3. Characteristic; mark of distinction; stamp. South.

4. A device. See Impresa. Cussans.
To describe . . . emblazoned shields, Impresses quaint. Milton.

5. Etym: [See Imprest, Press to force into service.]

Defn: The act of impressing, or taking by force for the public
service; compulsion to serve; also, that which is impressed.
Why such impress of shipwrights Shak.
Impress gang, a party of men, with an officer, employed to impress
seamen for ships of war; a press gang.
 -- Impress money, a sum of money paid, immediately upon their
entering service, to men who have been impressed.

IMPRESSIBILITY
Im*press`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being impressible; susceptibility.

IMPRESSIBLE
Im*press"i*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. impressible.]

Defn: Capable of being impressed; susceptible; sensitive.
 -- Im*press"i*ble*ness, n.
 -- Im*press"i*bly, adv.

IMPRESSION
Im*pres"sion, n. Etym: [F. impression, L. impressio.]

1. The act of impressing, or the state of being impressed; the
communication of a stamp, mold, style, or character, by external
force or by influence.

2. That which is impressed; stamp; mark; indentation; sensible result
of an influence exerted from without.
The stamp and clear impression of good sense. Cowper.
To shelter us from impressions of weather, we must spin, we must
weave, we must build. Barrow.

3. That which impresses, or exercises an effect, action, or agency;
appearance; phenomenon. [Obs.]
Portentous blaze of comets and impressions in the air. Milton.
A fiery impression falling from out of Heaven. Holland.

4. Influence or effect on the senses or the intellect hence,
interest, concern. Reid.
His words impression left. Milton.
Such terrible impression made the dream. Shak.
I have a father's dear impression, And wish, before I fall into my
grave, That I might see her married. Ford.

5. An indistinct notion, remembrance, or belief.

6. Impressiveness; emphasis of delivery.
Which must be read with an impression. Milton.

7. (Print.)

Defn: The pressure of the type on the paper, or the result of such
pressure, as regards its appearance; as, a heavy impression; a clear,
or a poor, impression; also, a single copy as the result of printing,
or the whole edition printed at a given time.
Ten impressions which his books have had. Dryden.

8. In painting, the first coat of color, as the priming in house
painting and the like. [R.]

9. (Engraving)

Defn: A print on paper from a wood block, metal plate, or the like.
Proof impression, one of the early impressions taken from an
engraving, before the plate or block is worn.

IMPRESSIONABILITY
Im*pres`sion*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being impressionable.

IMPRESSIONABLE
Im*pres"sion*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. impressionnable.]

Defn: Liable or subject to impression; capable of being molded;
susceptible; impressible.
He was too impressionable; he had too much of the temperament of
genius. Motley.
A pretty face and an impressionable disposition. T. Hook.

IMPRESSIONABLENESS
Im*pres"sion*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being impressionable.

IMPRESSIONISM
Im*pres"sion*ism, n. Etym: [F. impressionnisme.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: The theory or method of suggesting an effect or impression
without elaboration of the details; -- a disignation of a recent
fashion in painting and etching.

IMPRESSIONIST
Im*pres"sion*ist, n. Etym: [F. impressionniste.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: One who adheres to the theory or method of impressionism, so
called.

IMPRESSIONISTIC
Im*pres`sion*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, impressionism.

IMPRESSIONLESS
Im*pres"sion*less, a.

Defn: Having the quality of not being impressed or affected; not
susceptible.

IMPRESSIVE
Im*press"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. impressif.]

1. Making, or tending to make, an impression; having power to
impress; adapted to excite attention and feeling, to touch the
sensibilities, or affect the conscience; as, an impressive discourse;
an impressive scene.

2. Capable of being impressed. [Obs.] Drayton. - Im*press"ive*ly,
adv.
 -- Im*press"ive*ness, n.

IMPRESSMENT
Im*press"ment, n.

Defn: The act of seizing for public use, or of impressing into public
service; compulsion to serve; as, the impressment of provisions or of
sailors.
The great scandal of our naval service -- impressment -- died a
protracted death. J. H. Burton.

IMPRESSOR
Im*press"or, n. Etym: [LL., a printer.]

Defn: One who, or that which, impresses. Boyle.

IMPRESSURE
Im*pres"sure, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. impressure, LL. impressura.]

Defn: Dent; impression. [Obs.] Shak.

IMPREST
Im*prest" (, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Imprested; p. pr. & vb. n.
Impresting.] Etym: [Pref. im- + prest: cf. It. imprestare. See Prest,
n.]

Defn: To advance on loan. Burke.

IMPREST
Im"prest, n. Etym: [Cf. It. impresto, imprestito, LL. impraestitum.
See Imprest, v. t., and Impress compulsion to serve.]

Defn: A kind of earnest money; loan; -- specifically, money advanced
for some public service, as in enlistment. Burke.
The clearing of their imprests for what little of their debts they
have received. Pepys.

IMPREVALENCE; IMPREVALENCY
Im*prev"a*lence, Im*prev"a*len*cy, n.

Defn: Want of prevalence. [Obs.]

IMPREVENTABILITY
Im`pre*vent`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being impreventable. [R.]

IMPREVENTABLE
Im`pre*vent"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not preventable; invitable.

IMPRIMATUR
Im`pri*ma"tur, n. Etym: [L., let it be printed.] (Law)

Defn: A license to print or publish a book, paper, etc.; also, in
countries subjected to the censorship of the press, approval of that
which is published.

IMPRIMERY
Im*prim"er*y, n. Etym: [F. imprimerie, fr. imprimer to imprint.]
[Obs.]
(a) A print; impression.
(b) A printing establishment.
(c) The art of printing.

IMPRIMING
Im*prim"ing, n.

Defn: A begining. [Obs.] "Their springings and imprimings." Sir H.
Wotton.

IMPRIMIS
Im*pri"mis, adv. Etym: [L., for in primis among the first, chiefly;
in in + primus first.]

Defn: In the first place; first in order.

IMPRINT
Im*print", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imptrinted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Imprinting.] Etym: [OE. emprenten, F. empreint, p. p. of empreindre
to imprint, fr. L. imprimere to impres, imprint. See 1st In-, Print,
and cf. Impress.]

1. To impress; to mark by pressure; to indent; to stamp.
And sees his num'rous herds imprint her sands. Prior.

2. To stamp or mark, as letters on paper, by means of type, plates,
stamps, or the like; to print the mark (figures, letters, etc., upon
something).
Nature imprints upon whate'er we see, That has a heart and life in
it, "Be free." Cowper.

3. To fix indelibly or permanently, as in the mind or memory; to
impress.
Ideas of those two different things distinctly imprinted on his mind.
Locke.

IMPRINT
Im"print, n. Etym: [Cf. F. empreinte impress, stamp. See Imprint, v.
t.]

Defn: Whatever is impressed or imprinted; the impress or mark left by
something; specifically, the name of the printer or publisher
(usually) with the time and place of issue, in the title-page of a
book, or on any printed sheet. "That imprint of their hands." Buckle.

IMPRISON
Im*pris"on, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imprisoned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Imprisoning.] Etym: [OE. enprisonen, OF. enprisoner, F. emprisonner;
pref. en- (L. in) + F. & OF. prison. See Prison.]

1. To put in prison or jail; To arrest and detain in custody; to
confine.
He imprisoned was in chains remediles. Spenser.

2. To limit, restrain, or confine in any way.
Try to imprison the resistless wind. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To incarcerate; confine; immure.

IMPRISONER
Im*pris"on*er, n.

Defn: One who imprisons.

IMPRISONMENT
Im*pris"on ment, n. Etym: [OE. enprisonment; F. emprisonnement.]

Defn: The act of imprisoning, or the state of being imprisoned;
confinement; restraint.
His sinews waxen weak and raw Through long imprisonment and hard
constraint. Spenser.
Every confinement of the person is an imprisonment, whether it be in
a common prison, or in a private house, or even by foreibly detaining
one in the public streets. Blackstone.
False imprisonment. (Law) See under False.

Syn.
 -- Incarceration; custody; confinement; durance; restraint.

IMPROBABILITY
Im*prob`a*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Improbabilities. Etym: [Cf. F.
improbabilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being improbable; unlikelihood; also,
that which is improbable; an improbable event or result.

IMPROBABLE
Im*prob"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. improbabilis; pref. im- not + probabilis
probable: cf. F. improbable. See Probable.]

Defn: Not probable; unlikely to be true; not to be expected under the
circumstances or in the usual course of events; as, an improbable
story or event.
He . . . sent to Elutherius, then bishop of Rome, an improbable
letter, as some of the contents discover. Milton.
-- Im*prob"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Im*prob"a*bly, adv.

IMPROBATE
Im"pro*bate, v. t. Etym: [L. improbatus, p. p. of improbare to
disapprove; pref. im- not + probare to approve.]

Defn: To disapprove of; to disallow. [Obs.]

IMPROBATION
Im`pro*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. improbatio.]

1. The act of disapproving; disapprobation.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: The act by which falsehood and forgery are proved; an action
brought for the purpose of having some instrument declared false or
forged. Bell.

IMPROBATIVE; IMPROBATORY
Im"pro*ba*tive, Im"pro*ba`to*ry, a.

Defn: Implying, or tending to, improbation.

IMPROBITY
Im*prob"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. improbitas; pref. im- not + probitas
probity: cf. F. improbité.]

Defn: Lack of probity; want of integrity or rectitude; dishonesty.
Persons . . . cast out for notorious improbity. Hooker.

IMPROFICIENCE; IMPROFICIENCY
Im`pro*fi"cience, Im`pro*fi"cien*cy, n.

Defn: Want of proficiency. [R.] Bacon.

IMPROFITABLE
Im*prof"it*a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + profitable: cf. F.
improfitable.]

Defn: Unprofitable. [Obs.]

IMPROGRESSIVE
Im`pro*gress"ive, a.

Defn: Not progressive. De Quincey.
 -- Im"pro*gress"ive*ly, adv.

IMPROLIFIC
Im`pro*lif"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + prolific: cf. F.
improlifique.]

Defn: Not prolific. [Obs.] E. Waterhouse.

IMPROLIFICATE
Im`pro*lif"ic*ate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. im- in + prolificate.]

Defn: To impregnate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

IMPROMPT
Im*prompt", a.

Defn: Not ready. [R.] Sterne.

IMPROMPTU
Im*promp"tu, adv. or a. Etym: [F. impromptu, fr. L. in promptu in
readiness, at hand; in in + promptus visibility, readiness, from
promptus visible, ready. See Prompt.]

Defn: Offhand; without previous study; extemporaneous; extempore; as,
an impromptu verse.

IMPROMPTU
Im*promp"tu, n.

1. Something made or done offhand, at the moment, or without previous
study; an extemporaneous composition, address, or remark.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A piece composed or played at first thought; a composition in
the style of an extempore piece.

IMPROPER
Im*prop"er, a. Etym: [F. impropre, L. improprius; pref. im- not +
proprius proper. See Proper.]

1. Not proper; not suitable; not fitted to the circumstances, design,
or end; unfit; not becoming; incongruous; inappropriate; indecent;
as, an improper medicine; improper thought, behavior, language,
dress.
Follow'd his enemy king, and did him service, Improper for a slave.
Shak.
And to their proper operation still, Ascribe all Good; to their
improper, Ill. Pope.

2. Not peculiar or appropriate to individuals; general; common.
[Obs.]
Not to be adorned with any art but such improper ones as nature is
said to bestow, as singing and poetry. J. Fletcher.

3. Not according to facts; inaccurate; erroneous. Improper diphthong.
See under Diphthong.
 -- Improper feud, an originalfeud, not earned by military service.
Mozley & W.
 -- Improper fraction. See under Fraction.

IMPROPER
Im*prop"er, v. t.

Defn: To appropriate; to limit. [Obs.]
He would in like manner improper and inclose the sunbeams to comfort
the rich and not the poor. Jewel.

IMPROPERATION
Im*prop`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. improperare, improperatum, to taunt.]

Defn: The act of upbraiding or taunting; a reproach; a taunt. [Obs.]
Improperatios and terms of scurrility. Sir T. Browne

IMPROPERIA
Im`pro*pe"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [L., reproaches.] (Mus.)

Defn: A series of antiphons and responses, expressing the sorrowful
remonstrance of our Lord with his people; -- sung on the morning of
the Good Friday in place of the usual daily Mass of the Roman ritual.
Grove.

IMPROPERLY
Im*prop"er*ly, adv.

Defn: In an improper manner; not properly; unsuitably; unbecomingly.

IMPROPERTY
Im*prop"er*ty, n.

Defn: Impropriety. [Obs.]

IMPROPITIOUS
Im`pro*pi"tious, a.

Defn: Unpropitious; unfavorable. [Obs.] "Dreams were impropitious."
Sir H. Wotton.

IMPROPORTIONABLE
Im`pro*por"tion*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not proportionable. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

IMPROPORTIONATE
Im`pro*por"tion*ate, a.

Defn: Not proportionate. [Obs.]

IMPROPRIATE
Im*pro"pri*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impropriated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Impropriating.] Etym: [Pref. im- in + L. propriatus, p. p. of
propriare to appropriate. See Appropriate.]

1. To appropriate to one's self; to assume. [Obs.]
To impropriate the thanks to himself. Bacon.

2. (Eng. Eccl. Law)

Defn: To place the profits of (ecclesiastical property) in the hands
of a layman for care and disbursement.

IMPROPRIATE
Im*pro"pri*ate, v. i.

Defn: To become an impropriator. [R.]

IMPROPRIATE
Im*pro"pri*ate, a. (Eng. Eccl. Law)

Defn: Put into the hands of a layman; impropriated.

IMPROPRIATION
Im*pro`pri*a"tion, n.

1. The act of impropriating; as, the impropriation of property or
tithes; also, that which is impropriated.

2. (Eng. Eccl. Law)
(a) The act of putting an ecclesiastical benefice in the hands of a
layman, or lay corporation.
(b) A benefice in the hands of a layman, or of a lay corporation.

IMPROPRIATOR
Im*pro"pri*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who impropriates; specifically, a layman in possession of
church property.

IMPROPRIATRIX
Im*pro`pri*a"trix, n.; pl. E. -trixes, L. -trices (.

Defn: A female impropriator.

IMPROPRIETY
Im`pro*pri"e*ty, n.; pl. Improprieties. Etym: [L. improprietas; cf.
F. impropriété. See Improper.]

1. The quality of being improper; unfitness or unsuitableness to
character, time place, or circumstances; as, improperiety of behavior
or manners.

2. That which is improper; an unsuitable or improper act, or an
inaccurate use of language.
But every language has likewise its improprieties and absurdities.
Johnson.
Many gross improprieties, however authorized by practice, ought to be
discarded. Swift.

IMPROSPERITY
Im`pros*per"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. improspérité.]

Defn: Want of prosperity. [Obs.]

IMPROSPEROUS
Im*pros"per*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + prosperous: cf. F.
improspère, L. improsper.]

Defn: Not prosperous. [Obs.] Dryden.
 -- Im*pros"per*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Im*pros"per*ous*ness, n.
[Obs.]

IMPROVABILITY
Im*prov`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being improvable; improvableness.

IMPROVABLE
Im*prov"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Improve.]

1. Capable of being improved; susceptible of improvement; admitting
of being made better; capable of cultivation, or of being advanced in
good qualities.
Man is accommodated with moral principles, improvable by the exercise
of his faculties. Sir M. Hale.
I have a fine spread of improvable lands. Addison.

2. Capable of being used to advantage; profitable; serviceable;
advantageous.
The essays of weaker heads afford improvable hints to better. Sir T.
Browne.
-- Im*pro"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Im*prov"a*bly, adv.

IMPROVE
Im*prove", v. t. Etym: [Pref. im- not + prove: cf. L. improbare, F.
improuver.]

1. To disprove or make void; to refute. [Obs.]
Neither can any of them make so strong a reason which another can not
improve. Tyndale.

2. To disapprove; to find fault with; to reprove; to censure; as, to
improve negligence. [Obs.] Chapman.
When he rehearsed his preachings and his doing unto the high
apostles, they could improve nothing. Tyndale.

IMPROVE
Im*prove", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Improved; p. pr. & vb. n. Improving.]
Etym: [Pref. in- in + prove, in approve. See Approve, Prove.]

1. To make better; to increase the value or good qualities of; to
ameliorate by care or cultivation; as, to improve land. Donne.
I love not to improve the honor of the living by impairing that of
the dead. Denham.

2. To use or employ to good purpose; to make productive; to turn to
profitable account; to utilize; as, to improve one's time; to improve
his means. Shak.
We shall especially honor God by improving diligently the talents
which God hath committed to us. Barrow.
A hint that I do not remember to have seen opened and improved.
Addison.
The court seldom fails to improve the oppotunity. Blackstone.
How doth the little busy bee Improve each shining hour. I. Watts.
Those moments were diligently improved. Gibbon.
True policy, as well as good faith, in my opinion, binds us to
improve the occasion. Washington.

3. To advance or increase by use; to augment or add to; -- said with
reference to what is bad. [R.]
We all have, I fear, . . . not a little improved the wretched
inheritance of our ancestors. Bp. Porteus.

Syn.
 -- To better; meliorate; ameliorate; advance; heighten; mend;
correct; recify; amend; reform.

IMPROVE
Im*prove", v. i.

1. To grow better; to advance or make progress in what is desirable;
to make or show improvement; as, to improve in health.
We take care to improve in our frugality and diligence. Atterbury.

2. To advance or progress in bad qualities; to grow worse. "Domitain
improved in cruelty." Milner.

3. To increase; to be enhanced; to rise in value; as, the price of
cotton improves. To improve on or upon, to make useful additions or
amendments to, or changes in; to bring nearer to perfection; as, to
improve on the mode of tillage.

IMPROVEMENT
Im*prove"ment, n.

1. The act of improving; advancement or growth; promotion in
desirable qualities; progress toward what is better; melioration; as,
the improvement of the mind, of land, roads, etc.
I look upon your city as the best place of improvement. South.
Exercise is the chief source of improvement in all our faculties.
Blair.

2. The act of making profitable use or applicaton of anything, or the
state of being profitably employed; a turning to good account;
practical application, as of a doctrine, principle, or theory, stated
in a discourse. "A good improvement of his reason." S. Clarke.
I shall make some improvement of this doctrine. Tillotson.

3. The state of being improved; betterment; advance; also, that which
is improved; as, the new edition is an improvement on the old.
The parts of Sinon, Camilla, and some few others, are improvements on
the Greek poet. Addison.

4. Increase; growth; progress; advance.
There is a design of publishing the history of architecture, with its
several improvements and decays. Addison.
Those vices which more particularly receive improvement by
prosperity. South.

5. pl.

Defn: Valuable additions or betterments, as buildings, clearings,
drains, fences, etc., on premises.

6. (Patent Laws)

Defn: A useful addition to, or modification of, a machine,
manufacture, or composition. Kent.

IMPROVER
Im*prov"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, improves.

IMPROVIDED
Im`pro*vid"ed, a.

Defn: Unforeseen; unexpected; not provided against; unprepared.
[Obs.]
All improvided for dread of death. E. Hall.

IMPROVIDENCE
Im*prov"i*dence, n. Etym: [L. improvidentia; OF. improvidence. Cf.
Imprudence.]

Defn: The quality of being improvident; want of foresight or thrift.
The improvidence of my neighbor must not make me inhuman. L'Estrange.

IMPROVIDENT
Im*prov"i*dent, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + provident: cf. L.
improvidus. See Provident, and cf. Imprudent.]

Defn: Not provident; wanting foresight or forethought; not foreseeing
or providing for the future; negligent; thoughtless; as, an
improvident man.
Improvident soldires! had your watch been good, This sudden mischief
never could have fallen. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Inconsiderable; negligent; careless; shiftless; prodigal;
wasteful.

IMPROVIDENTIALLY
Im*prov`i*den"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: Improvidently. [R.]

IMPROVIDENTLY
Im*prov"i*dent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a improvident manner. "Improvidently rash." Drayton.

IMPROVING
Im*prov"ing, a.

Defn: Tending to improve, beneficial; growing better.
 -- Im*prov"ing*ly, adv. Improving lease (Scots Law), an extend lease
to induce the tenant to make improvements on the premises.

IMPROVISATE
Im*prov"i*sate, a. Etym: [See Improvise.]

Defn: Unpremeditated; impromptu; extempore. [R.]

IMPROVISATE
Im*prov"i*sate, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Improvisated; p. pr. & vb.
n. Improvisating.]

Defn: To improvise; to extemporize.

IMPROVISATION
Im*prov`i*sa"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. improvisation.]

1. The act or art of composing and rendering music, poetry, and the
like, extemporaneously; as, improvisation on the organ.

2. That which is improvised; an impromptu.

IMPROVISATIZE
Im`pro*vis"a*tize, v. t. & i.

Defn: Same as Improvisate.

IMPROVISATOR
Im*prov"i*sa`tor, n.

Defn: An improviser, or improvvisatore.

IMPROVISATORE
Im`pro*vi`sa*to"re, n.

Defn: See Improvvisatore.

IMPROVISATORIAL; IMPROVISATORY
Im*prov`i*sa*to"ri*al, Im*prov"i*sa*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to improvisation or extemporaneous
composition.

IMPROVISATRICE
Im`pro*vi`sa*tri"ce, n.

Defn: See Improvvisatrice.

IMPROVISE
Im`pro*vise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Improvised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Improvising.] Etym: [F. improviser, it. improvvisare, fr. improvviso
unprovided, sudden, extempore, L. improvisus; pref. im- not +
provisus foreseen, provided. See Proviso.]

1. To compose, recite, or sing extemporaneously, especially in verse;
to extemporize; also, to play upon an instrument, or to act,
extemporaneously.

2. To bring about, arrange, or make, on a sudden, or without previous
preparation.
Charles attempted to improvise a peace. Motley.

3. To invent, or provide, offhand, or on the spur of the moment; as,
he improvised a hammer out of a stone.

IMPROVISE
Im`pro*vise", v. i.

Defn: To produce or render extemporaneous compositions, especially in
verse or in music, without previous preparation; hence, to do
anything offhand.

IMPROVISER
Im`pro*vis"er, n.

Defn: One who improvises.

IMPROVISION
Im`pro*vi"sion, n. Etym: [Pref. im- not + provision.]

Defn: Improvidence. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

IMPROVISO
Im`pro*vi"so, a. Etym: [L. improvisus unforeseen; cf. It.
improvviso.]

Defn: Not prepared or mediated beforehand; extemporaneous. [Obs.]
Jonhson.

IMPROVVISATORE
Im`prov*vi`sa*to"re, n.; pl. Improvvisatori. Etym: [It. See
Improvise.]

Defn: One who composes and sings or recites rhymes and short poems
extemporaneously. [Written also improvisatore.]

IMPROVVISATRICE
Im`prov*vi`sa*tri"ce, n.; pl. Improvvisatrici. Etym: [It. See
Improvise.]

Defn: A female improvvisatore. [Written also improvisatrice.]

IMPRUDENCE
Im*pru"dence, n. Etym: [L. imprudentia: cf. F. imprudence. Cf.
Improvidence.]

Defn: The quality or state of being imprudent; want to caution,
circumspection, or a due regard to consequences; indiscretion;
inconsideration; reshness; also, an imprudent act; as, he was guilty
of an imprudence.
His serenity was interrupted, perhaps, by his own imprudence. Mickle.

IMPRUDENT
Im*pru"dent, a. Etym: [L. imprudens; pref. im- not + prudens prudent:
cf. F. imprudent. See Prudent, and cf. Improvident.]

Defn: Not prudent; wanting in prudence or discretion; indiscreet;
injudicious; not attentive to consequence; improper.
 -- Im*pru"dent*ly, adv.
Her majesty took a great dislike at the imprudent behavior of many of
the ministers and readers. Strype.

Syn.
 -- Indiscreet; injudicious; incautious; ill-advised; unwise;
heedless; careless; rash; negligent.

IMPUBERAL
Im*pu"ber*al, a.

Defn: Not having arrived at puberty; immature.
In impuberal animals the cerebellum is, in proportion to the brain
proper, greatly less than in adults. Sir W. Hamilton.

IMPUBERTY
Im*pu"ber*ty, n.

Defn: The condition of not having reached puberty, or the age of
ability to reproduce one's species; want of age at which the marriage
contract can be legally entered into.

IMPUDENCE
Im"pu*dence, n. Etym: [L. impudentia: cf. F. impudence. See
Impudent.]

Defn: The quality of being impudent; assurance, accompanied with a
disregard of the presence or opinions of others; shamelessness;
forwardness; want of modesty.
Clear truths that their own evidence forces us to admit, or common
experience makes it impudence to deny. Locke.
Where pride and impudence (in fashion knit) Usurp the chair of wit.
B. Jonson.

Syn.
 -- Shamelessness; audacity; insolence; effrontery; sauciness;
impertinence; pertness; rudeness.
 -- Impudence, Effrontery, Sauciness. Impudence refers more
especially to the feelings as manifested in action. Effrontery
applies to some gross and public exhibition of shamelessness.
Sauciness refers to a sudden pert outbreak of impudence, especially
from an inferior. Impudence is an unblushing kind of impertinence,
and may be manifested in words, tones, gestures, looks, etc.
Effrontery rises still higher, and shows a total or shameless
disregard of duty or decorum under the circumstances of the case.
Sauciness discovers itself toward particular individuals, in certain
relations; as in the case of servants who are saucy to their masters,
or children who are saucy to their teachers. See Impertinent, and
Insolent.

IMPUDENCY
Im"pu*den*cy, n.

Defn: Impudence. [Obs.] Burton.
Audacious without impudency. Shak.

IMPUDENT
Im"pu*dent, a. Etym: [L. impudens, -entis; pref. im- not + pudens
ashamed, modest, p. pr. of pudere to feel shame: cf. F. impudent.]

Defn: Bold, with contempt or disregard; unblushingly forward;
impertinent; wanting modesty; shameless; saucy.
More than impudent sauciness. Shak.
When we behold an angel, not to fear Is to be impudent. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Shameless; audacious; brazen; bold-faced; pert; immodest; rude;
saucy; impertinent; insolent.

IMPUDENTLY
Im"pu*dent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an impudent manner; with unbecoming assurance; shamelessly.
At once assail With open mouths, and impudently rail. Sandys.

IMPUDICITY
Im`pu*dic"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. impudicus immodest; im- not + pudicus
shamefaced, modest: cf. F. impudicité, L. impudicitia.]

Defn: Immodesty. Sheldon.

IMPUGN
Im*pugn", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impugned; p. pr. & vb. n. Impugning.]
Etym: [OE. impugnen, F. impugner, fr. L. impugnare; in on, against +
pugnare to flight. See Pugnacious.]

Defn: To attack by words or arguments; to contradict; to assail; to
call in question; to make insinuations against; to gainsay; to
oppose.
The truth hereof I will net rashly pugn, or overboldly affirm.
Peacham.

IMPUGNABLE
Im*pugn"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being impugned; that may be gainsaid.

IMPUGNATION
Im`pug*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. impugnatio: cf. OF. impugnation.]

Defn: Act of impugning; opposition; attack. [Obs.]
A perpetual impugnation and self-conflict. Bp. Hall.

IMPUGNER
Im*pugn"er, n.

Defn: One who impugns.

IMPUGNMENT
Im*pugn"ment, n.

Defn: The act of impugning, or the state of being impugned. Ed. Rev.

IMPUISSANCE
Im*pu"is*sance, n. Etym: [Cf. F. impuissance.]

Defn: Lack of power; inability. Bacon.
Their own impuissance and weakness. Holland.

IMPUISSANT
Im*pu"is*sant, a. Etym: [F., fr. pref. im- not + puissant. See
Puissant.]

Defn: Weak; impotent; feeble.

IMPULSE
Im"pulse, n. Etym: [L. impulsus, fr. impellere. See Impel.]

1. The act of impelling, or driving onward with sudden force;
impulsion; especially, force so communicated as to produced motion
suddenly, or immediately.
All spontaneous animal motion is performed by mechanical impulse. S.
Clarke.

2. The effect of an impelling force; motion produced by a sudden or
momentary force.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: The action of a force during a very small interval of time; the
effect of such action; as, the impulse of a sudden blow upon a hard
elastic body.

4. A mental force which simply and directly urges to action; hasty
inclination; sudden motive; momentary or transient influence of
appetite or passion; propension; incitement; as, a man of good
impulses; passion often gives a violent impulse to the will.
These were my natural impulses for the undertaking. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Force; incentive; influence; motive; feeling; incitement;
instigation.

IMPULSE
Im*pulse", v. t. Etym: [See Impel.]

Defn: To impel; to incite. [Obs.] Pope.

IMPULSION
Im*pul"sion, n. Etym: [L. impulsio: cf. F. impulsion. See Impel.]

1. The act of impelling or driving onward, or the state of being
impelled; the sudden or momentary agency of a body in motion on
another body; also, the impelling force, or impulse. "The impulsion
of the air." Bacon.

2. Influence acting unexpectedly or temporarily on the mind; sudden
motive or influence; impulse. "The impulsion of conscience."
Clarendon. "Divine impulsion prompting." Milton.

IMPULSIVE
Im*pul"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. impulsif.]

1. Having the power of driving or impelling; giving an impulse;
moving; impellent.
Poor men! poor papers! We and they Do some impulsive force obey.
Prior.

2. Actuated by impulse or by transient feelings.
My heart, impulsive and wayward. Longfellow.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: Acting momentarily, or by impulse; not continuous; -- said of
forces.

IMPULSIVE
Im*pul"sive, n.

Defn: That which impels or gives an impulse; an impelling agent. Sir
W. Wotton.

IMPULSIVELY
Im*pul"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an impulsive manner.

IMPULSIVENESS
Im*pul"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being impulsive.

IMPULSOR
Im*pul"sor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who, or that which, impels; an inciter. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

IMPUNCTATE
Im*punc"tate, a.

Defn: Not punctuate or dotted.

IMPUNCTUAL
Im*punc"tu*al, a. Etym: [Pref. im- not + punctual: cf. F.
imponctuel.]

Defn: Not punctual. [R.]

IMPUNCTUALITY
Im*punc`tu*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: Neglect of, or failure in, punctuality. [R.] A. Hamilton.

IMPUNE
Im*pune", a. Etym: [L. impunis.]

Defn: Unpunished. [R.]

IMPUNIBLY
Im*pu"ni*bly, adv.

Defn: Without punishment; with impunity. [Obs.] J. Ellis.

IMPUNITY
Im*pu"ni*ty, n. Etym: [L. impunitas, fr. impunis without punishment;
pref. im- not + poena punishment: cf. F. impunité. See Pain.]

Defn: Exemption or freedom from punishment, harm, or loss.
Heaven, though slow to wrath, Is neimpunity defied. Cowper.
The impunity and also the recompense. Holland.

IMPURATION
Im`pu*ra"tion, n.

Defn: Defilement; obscuration. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

IMPURE
Im*pure", a. Etym: [L. impurus; pref. im- not + purus pure: cf. F.
impur. See Pure.]

1. Not pure; not clean; dirty; foul; filthy; containing something
which is unclean or unwholesome; mixed or impregnated extraneous
substances; adulterated; as, impure water or air; impure drugs, food,
etc.

2. Defiled by sin or guilt; unholy; unhallowed; -- said of persons or
things.

3. Unchaste; lewd; unclean; obscene; as, impure language or ideas.
"Impure desires." Cowper.

4. (Script.)

Defn: Not purified according to the ceremonial law of Moses; unclean.

5. (Language)

Defn: Not accurate; not idiomatic; as, impure Latin; an impure style.

IMPURE
Im*pure", v. t.

Defn: To defile; to pollute. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

IMPURELY
Im*pure"ly, adv.

Defn: In an impure manner.

IMPURENESS
Im*pure"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being impure; impurity. Milton.

IMPURITY
Im*pu"ri*ty, n.; pl. Impurities. Etym: [L. impuritas: cf. F.
impureté.]

1. The condition or quality of being impure in any sense; defilement;
foulness; adulteration.
Profaneness, impurity, or scandal, is not wit. Buckminster.

2. That which is, or which renders anything, impure; foul matter,
action, language, etc.; a foreign ingredient.
Foul impurities reigned among the monkish clergy. Atterbury.

3. (Script.)

Defn: Want of ceremonial purity; defilement.

IMPURPLE
Im*pur"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impurpled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Impurpling.] Etym: [Pref. im- in + purple. Cf. Empurple.]

Defn: To color or tinge with purple; to make red or reddish; to
purple; as, a field impurpled with blood.
Impurpled with celestial roses, smiled. Milton.
The silken fleece impurpled for the loom. Pope.

IMPUTABILITY
Im*put`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being imputable; imputableness.

IMPUTABLE
Im*put"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. imputable.]

1. That may be imputed; capable of being imputed; chargeable;
ascribable; attributable; referable.
A prince whose political vices, at least, were imputable to mental
incapacity. Prescott.

2. Accusable; culpable. [R.]
The fault lies at his door, and she is no wise imputable. Ayliffe.

IMPUTABLENESS
Im*put"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being imputable.

IMPUTABLY
Im*put"a*bly, adv.

Defn: By imputation.

IMPUTATION
Im`pu*ta"tion, Etym: [L. imputatio an account, a charge: cf. F.
imputation.]

1. The act of imputing or charging; attribution; ascription; also,
anything imputed or charged.
Shylock. Antonio is a good man. Bassanio. Have you heard any
imputation to the contrary Shak.
If I had a suit to Master Shallow, I would humor his men with the
imputation of being near their master. Shak.

2. Charge or attribution of evil; censure; reproach; insinuation.
Let us be careful to guard ourselves against these groundless
imputation of our enemies. Addison.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: A setting of something to the account of; the attribution of
personal guilt or personal righteousness of another; as, the
imputation of the sin of Adam, or the righteousness of Christ.

4. Opinion; intimation; hint.

IMPUTATIVE
Im*put"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. imputativus: cf. F. imputatif.]

Defn: Transferred by imputation; that may be imputed.
 -- Im*put"a*tive*ly, adv.
Actual righteousness as well as imputative. Bp. Warburton.

IMPUTE
Im*pute", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imputed; p. pr. & vb. n. Imputing.]
Etym: [F. imputer, L. imputare to bring into the reckoning, charge,
impute; pref. im- in + putare to reckon, think. See Putative.]

1. To charge; to ascribe; to attribute; to set to the account of; to
charge to one as the author, responsible originator, or possessor; --
generally in a bad sense.
Nor you, ye proud, impute to these the fault, If memory o'er their
tomb no trophies raise. Gray.
One vice of a darker shade was imputed to him -- envy. Macaulay.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: To adjudge as one's own (the sin or righteousness) of another;
as, the righteousness of Christ is imputed to us.
It was imputed to him for righteousness. Rom. iv. 22.
They merit Imputed shall absolve them who renounce Their own, both
righteous and unrighteous deeds. Milton.

3. To take account of; to consider; to regard. [R.]
If we impute this last humiliation as the cause of his death. Gibbon.

Syn.
 -- To ascribe; attribute; charge; reckon; consider; imply;
insinuate; refer. See Ascribe.

IMPUTER
Im*put"er, n.

Defn: One who imputes.

IMPUTRESCIBLE
Im`pu*tres"ci*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. im- + putrescible: cf. F.
imputrescible.]

Defn: Not putrescible.

IMRIGH
Im"righ, n. Etym: [Scot.; Gael. chicken soup.]

Defn: A peculiar strong soup or broth, made in Scotland. [Written
also imrich.]

IN-
In-. Etym: [See In, prep. Cf. Em-, En-.]

Defn: A prefix from Eng. prep. in, also from Lat. prep. in, meaning
in, into, on, among; as, inbred, inborn, inroad; incline, inject,
intrude. In words from the Latin, in- regularly becomes il- before l,
ir- before r, and im- before a labial; as, illusion, irruption,
imblue, immigrate, impart. In- is sometimes used with an simple
intensive force.

IN-
In-. Etym: [L. in-; akin to E. un-. See Un-.]

Defn: An inseparable prefix, or particle, meaning not, non-, un- as,
inactive, incapable, inapt. In- regularly becomes il- before l, ir-
before r, and im- before a labial.

-IN
-in.

Defn: A suffix. See the Note under -ine.

IN
In, prep. Etym: [AS. in; akin to D. & G. in, Icel. i, Sw. & Dan. i,
OIr. & L. in, Gr. In-, Inn.]

Defn: The specific signification of in is situation or place with
respect to surrounding, environment, encompassment, etc. It is used
with verbs signifying being, resting, or moving within limits, or
within circumstances or conditions of any kind conceived of as
limiting, confining, or investing, either wholly or in part. In its
different applications, it approaches some of the meanings of, and
sometimes is interchangeable with, within, into, on, at, of, and
among. It is used: --

1. With reference to space or place; as, he lives in Boston; he
traveled in Italy; castles in the air.
The babe lying in a manger. Luke ii. 16.
Thy sun sets weeping in the lowly west. Shak.
Situated in the forty-first degree of latitude. Gibbon.
Matter for censure in every page. Macaulay.

2. With reference to circumstances or conditions; as, he is in
difficulties; she stood in a blaze of light. "Fettered in amorous
chains." Shak.
Wrapt in sweet sounds, as in bright veils. Shelley.

3. With reference to a whole which includes or comprises the part
spoken of; as, the first in his family; the first regiment in the
army.
Nine in ten of those who enter the ministry. Swift.

4. With reference to physical surrounding, personal states, etc.,
abstractly denoted; as, I am in doubt; the room is in darkness; to
live in fear.
When shall we three meet again, In thunder, lightning, or in rain
Shak.

5. With reference to character, reach, scope, or influence considered
as establishing a limitation; as, to be in one's favor. "In sight of
God's high throne." Milton.
Sounds inharmonious in themselves, and harsh. Cowper.

6. With reference to movement or tendency toward a certain limit or
environment; -- sometimes equivalent to into; as, to put seed in the
ground; to fall in love; to end in death; to put our trust in God.
He would not plunge his brother in despair. Addison.
She had no jewels to deposit in their caskets. Fielding.

7. With reference to a limit of time; as, in an hour; it happened in
the last century; in all my life. In as much as, or Inasmuch as, in
the degree that; in like manner as; in consideration that; because
that; since. See Synonym of Because, and cf. For as much as, under
For, prep.
 -- In that, because; for the reason that. "Some things they do in
that they are men . . . ; some things in that they are men misled and
blinded with error." Hooker.
 -- In the name of, in behalf of; on the part of; by authority; as,
it was done in the name of the people; -- often used in invocation,
swearing, praying, and the like.
 -- To be in for it. (a) To be in favor of a thing; to be committed
to a course. (b) To be unable to escape from a danger, penalty, etc.
[Colloq.] -- To be (or keep) in with. (a) To be close or near; as, to
keep a ship in with the land. (b) To be on terms of friendship,
familiarity, or intimacy with; to secure and retain the favor of.
[Colloq.]

Syn.
 -- Into; within; on; at. See At.

IN
In, adv.

1. Not out; within; inside. In, the preposition, becomes an adverb by
omission of its object, leaving it as the representative of an
adverbial phrase, the context indicating what the omitted object is;
as, he takes in the situation (i. e., he comprehends it in his mind);
the Republicans were in (i. e., in office); in at one ear and out at
the other (i. e., in or into the head); his side was in (i. e., in
the turn at the bat); he came in (i. e., into the house).
Their vacation . . . falls in so pat with ours. Lamb.

Note: The sails of a vessel are said, in nautical language, to be in
when they are furled, or when stowed. In certain cases in has an
adjectival sense; as, the in train (i. e., the incoming train);
compare up grade, down grade, undertow, afterthought, etc.

2. (Law)

Defn: With privilege or possession; -- used to denote a holding,
possession, or seisin; as, in by descent; in by purchase; in of the
seisin of her husband. Burrill. In and in breeding. See under
Breeding.
 -- In and out (Naut.), through and through; -- said of a through
bolt in a ship's side. Knight.
 -- To be in, to be at home; as, Mrs. A. is in.
 -- To come in. See under Come.

IN
In, n.

Note: [Usually in the plural.]

1. One who is in office; -- the opposite of Ant: out.

2. A reëntrant angle; a nook or corner. Ins and outs, nooks and
corners; twists and turns.
All the ins and outs of this neighborhood. D. Jerrold.

IN
In, v. t.

Defn: To inclose; to take in; to harvest. [Obs.]
He that ears my land spares my team and gives me leave to in the
crop. Shak.

INABILITY
In`a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + ability: cf. F. inhabileté.
See Able, and cf. Unable.]

Defn: The quality or state of being unable; lack of ability; want of
sufficient power, strength, resources, or capacity.
It is not from an inability to discover what they ought to do, that
men err in practice. Blair.

Syn.
 -- Impotence; incapacity; incompetence; weakness; powerlessness;
incapability. See Disability.

INABLE
In*a"ble, v. t.

Defn: See Enable.

INABLEMENT
In*a"ble*ment, n.

Defn: See Enablement. [Obs.]

INABSTINENCE
In*ab"sti*nence, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + abstinence: cf. F.
inabstinence.]

Defn: Want of abstinence; indulgence. [Obs.] "The inabstinence of
Eve." Milton.

INABSTRACTED
In`ab*stract"ed, a.

Defn: Not abstracted.

INABUSIVELY
In`a*bu"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: Without abuse.

INACCESSIBILITY
In`ac*cess`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inaccessibilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being inaccessible; inaccessibleness.
"The inaccessibility of the precipice." Bp. Butler.

INACCESSIBLE
In`ac*cess"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. inaccessibilis: cf. F. inaccessible.
See In- not, and Accessible.]

Defn: Not accessible; not to be reached, obtained, or approached; as,
an inaccessible rock, fortress, document, prince, etc.
 -- In`ac*cess"i*ble*ness, n.
 -- In`ac*cess"i*bly, adv.

INACCORDANT
In`ac*cord"ant, a.

Defn: Not accordant; discordant.

INACCURACY
In*ac"cu*ra*cy, n.; pl. Inaccuracies (.

1. The quality of being inaccurate; want of accuracy or exactness.

2. That which is inaccurate or incorrect; mistake; fault; defect;
error; as, in inaccuracy in speech, copying, calculation, etc.

INACCURATE
In*ac"cu*rate, a.

Defn: Not accurate; not according to truth; inexact; incorrect;
erroneous; as, in inaccurate man, narration, copy, judgment,
calculation, etc.
The expression is plainly inaccurate. Bp. Hurd.

Syn.
 -- Inexact; incorrect; erroneous; faulty; imperfect; incomplete;
defective.

INACCURATELY
In*ac"cu*rate*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inaccurate manner; incorrectly; inexactly.

INACQUAINTANCE
In`ac*quaint"ance, a.

Defn: Want of acquaintance. Good.

INACQUIESCENT
In*ac`qui*es"cent, a.

Defn: Not acquiescent or acquiescing.

INACTION
In*ac"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. in. not + action: cf. inaction.]

Defn: Want of action or activity; forbearance from labor; idleness;
rest; inertness. Berkeley.

INACTIVE
In*ac"tive, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + active: cf. F. inactif.]

1. Not active; having no power to move; that does not or can not
produce results; inert; as, matter is, of itself, inactive.

2. Not disposed to action or effort; not diligent or industrious; not
busy; idle; as, an inactive officer.

3. (Chem. & Opt.)

Defn: Not active; inert; esp., not exhibiting any action or activity
on polarized light; optically neutral; -- said of isomeric forms of
certain substances, in distinction from other forms which are
optically active; as, racemic acid is an inactive tartaric acid.

Syn.
 -- Inert; dull; sluggish; idle; indolent; slothful; lazy. See Inert.

INACTIVELY
In*ac"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inactive manner. Locke.

INACTIVITY
In`ac*tiv"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inactivité.]

1. The state or quality of being inactive; inertness; as, the
inactivity of matter.

2. Idleness; habitual indisposition to action or exertion; want of
energy; sluggishness.
The gloomy inactivity of despair. Cook.

INACTOSE
In*ac"tose, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A variety of sugar, found in certain plants. It is optically
inactive.

INACTUATE
In*ac"tu*ate, v. t.

Defn: To put in action. [Obs.]

INACTUATION
In*ac`tu*a"tion, n.

Defn: Operation. [Obs.]

INADAPTATION
In*ad`ap*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Want of adaptation; unsuitableness.

INADEQUACY
In*ad"e*qua*cy, n. Etym: [From Inadequate.]

Defn: The quality or state of being inadequate or insufficient;
defectiveness; insufficiency; inadequateness.
The inadequacy and consequent inefficacy of the alleged causes. Dr.
T. Dwight.

INADEQUATE
In*ad"e*quate, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + adequate: cf. F. inadéquat.]

Defn: Not adequate; unequal to the purpose; insufficient; deficient;
as, inadequate resources, power, conceptions, representations, etc.
Dryden.
 -- In*ad"e*quate*ly, adv.
 -- In*ad"e*quate*ness, n.

INADEQUATION
In*ad`e*qua"tion, n.

Defn: Want of exact correspondence. [Obs.] Puller.

INADHERENT
In`ad*her"ent, a.

1. Not adhering.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Free; not connected with the other organs.

INADHESION
In`ad*he"sion, n.

Defn: Want of adhesion.

INADMISSIBILITY
In`ad*mis`si*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inadmissibilité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being inadmissible, or not to be
received.

INADMISSIBLE
In`ad*mis"si*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + admissible: cf. F.
inadmissible.]

Defn: Not admissible; not proper to be admitted, allowed, or
received; as, inadmissible testimony; an inadmissible proposition, or
explanation.
 -- In`ad*mis"si*bly, adv.

INADVERTENCE; INADVERTENCY
In`ad*vert"ence; pl. -ces (, In`ad*vert"en*cy; pl. -cies (, n. Etym:
[Cf. F. inadvertance.]

1. The quality of being inadvertent; lack of heedfulness or
attentiveness; inattention; negligence; as, many mistakes proceed
from inadvertence.
Inadvertency, or want of attendance to the sense and intention of our
prayers. Jer. Taylor.

2. An effect of inattention; a result of carelessness; an oversight,
mistake, or fault from negligence.
The productions of a great genius, with many lapses an
inadvertencies, are infinitely preferable to works of an inferior
kind of author which are scrupulously exact. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Inattention; heedlessness; carelessness; negligence;
thoughtlessness. See Inattention.

INADVERTENT
In`ad*vert"ent, a. Etym: [Cf. F. inadvertant. See 2d In-, and
Advert.]

Defn: Not turning the mind to a matter; heedless; careless;
negligent; inattentive.
An inadvertent step may crush the snail That crawls at evening in the
public path. Cowper.
-- In`ad*vert"ent*ly, adv.

INADVISABLE
In`ad*vis"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not advisable.
 -- In`ad*vis"a*ble*ness, n.

INAFFABILITY
In*af`fa*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inaffabilité.]

Defn: Want of affability or sociability; reticence.

INAFFABLE
In*af"fa*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + affable.]

Defn: Not affable; reserved in social intercourse.

INAFFECTATION
In*af`fec*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + affectation: cf. F.
inaffectation.]

Defn: Freedom from affectation; naturalness. [R.]

INAFFECTED
In`af*fect"ed, a.

Defn: Unaffected. [Obs.] -- In`af*fect"ed*ly, adv. [Obs.]

INAIDABLE
In*aid"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being assisted; helpless. [R.] Shak.

INALIENABILITY
In*al`ien*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being inalienable.

INALIENABLE
In*al"ien*a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + alienable: cf. F.
inaliénable.]

Defn: Incapable of being alienated, surrendered, or transferred to
another; not alienable; as, in inalienable birthright.

INALIENABLENESS
In*al"ien*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being inalienable; inalienability.

INALIENABLY
In*al"ien*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a manner that forbids alienation; as, rights inalienably
vested.

INALIMENTAL
In*al`i*men"tal, a.

Defn: Affording no aliment or nourishment. [Obs.] Bacon.

INALTERABILITY
In*al`ter*a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inaltérabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being unalterable or unchangeable; permanence.

INALTERABLE
In*al"ter*a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + alterable: cf. F.
inaltérable.]

Defn: Not alterable; incapable of being altered or changed;
unalterable.
 -- In*al"ter*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- In*al"ter*a*bly, adv.

INAMIABLE
In*a"mi*a*ble, a.

Defn: Unamiable. [Obs.] -- In*a"mi*a*ble*ness, n. [Obs.]

INAMISSIBLE
In`a*mis"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. inamissibilis: cf. F. inamissible.]

Defn: Incapable of being lost. [R.] Hammond.
 -- In`a*mis"si*ble*ness, n. [R.]

INAMORATA
In*a`mo*ra"ta, n. Etym: [It. innamorata, fem., innamorato, masc., p.
p. of innamorare to inspire with love. See Enamor.]

Defn: A woman in love; a mistress. "The fair inamorata." Sherburne.

INAMORATE
In*am"o*rate, a.

Defn: Enamored. Chapman.
 -- In*am"o*rate*ly, adv. [R.]

INAMORATO
In*a`mo*ra"to, n.; pl. Inamoratos. Etym: [See Inamorata.]

Defn: A male lover.

INAMOVABLE
In`a*mov"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not amovable or removable. [R.] Palgrave.

IN-AND-IN
In"-and-in", n.

Defn: An old game played with four dice. In signified a doublet, or
two dice alike; in-and-in, either two doubles, or the four dice
alike.

IN AND IN
In and an, a. & adv.

Defn: Applied to breeding from a male and female of the same
parentage. See under Breeding.

INANE
In*ane", a. Etym: [L. inanis.]

Defn: Without contents; empty; void of sense or intelligence;
purposeless; pointless; characterless; useless. "Vague and inane
instincts." I. Taylor.
 -- In*ane"ly, adv.

INANE
In*ane", n.

Defn: That which is void or empty. [R.]
The undistinguishable inane of infinite space. Locke.

INANGULAR
In*an"gu*lar, a.

Defn: Not angular. [Obs.]

INANILOQUENT; INANILOQUOUS
In`a*nil"o*quent, In`a*nil"o*quous, a. Etym: [L. inanis empty + loqui
to speak.]

Defn: Given to talking inanely; loquacious; garrulous. [R.]

INANIMATE
In*an"i*mate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. in- in (or intensively) + animate.]

Defn: To animate. [Obs.] Donne.

INANIMATE
In*an"i*mate, a. Etym: [L. inanimatus; pref. in- not + animatus
animate.]

Defn: Not animate; destitute of life or spirit; lifeless; dead;
inactive; dull; as, stones and earth are inanimate substances.
Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves. Byron.

Syn.
 -- Lifeless; dead; inert; inactive; dull; soulless; spiritless. See
Lifeless.

INANIMATED
In*an"i*ma`ted, a.

Defn: Destitute of life; lacking animation; unanimated. Pope.

INANIMATENESS
In*an"i*mate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being inanimate.
The deadness and inanimateness of the subject. W. Montagu.

INANIMATION
In*an`i*ma"tion, n. Etym: [See 2d Inanimate.]

Defn: Want of animation; lifeless; dullness.

INANIMATION
In*an`i*ma"tion, n. Etym: [See 1st Inanimate.]

Defn: Infusion of life or vigor; animation; inspiration. [Obs.]
The inanimation of Christ living and breathing within us. Bp. Hall.

INANITIATE
In`a*ni"ti*ate, v. t.

Defn: To produce inanition in; to exhaust for want of nourishment.
[R.]

INANITIATION
In`a*ni`ti*a"tion, n.

Defn: Inanition. [R.]

INANITION
In`a*ni"tion, n. Etym: [F. inanition, L. inanitio emptiness, fr.
inanire to empty, fr. inanis empty. Cf. Inane.]

Defn: The condition of being inane; emptiness; want of fullness, as
in the vessels of the body; hence, specifically, exhaustion from want
of food, either from partial or complete starvation, or from a
disorder of the digestive apparatus, producing the same result.
Feeble from inanition, inert from weariness. Landor.
Repletion and inanition may both do harm in two contrary extremes.
Burton.

INANITY
In*an"i*ty, n.; pl. Inanities. Etym: [L. inanitas, fr. inanis empty:
cf. F. inanité. See Inane.]

1. Inanition; void space; vacuity; emptiness.

2. Want of seriousness; aimlessness; frivolity.

3. An inane, useless thing or pursuit; a vanity; a silly object; --
chiefly in pl.; as, the inanities of the world.

INANTHERATE
In*an"ther*ate, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Not bearing anthers; -- said of sterile stamens.

IN ANTIS
In an"tis. Etym: [L.] (Arch.)

Defn: Between antæ; -- said of a portico in classical style, where
columns are set between two antæ, forming the angles of the building.
See Anta.

INAPATHY
In*ap"a*thy, n.

Defn: Sensibility; feeling; -- opposed to apathy. [R.]

INAPPEALABLE
In`ap*peal"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not admitting of appeal; not appealable. Coleridge.

INAPPEASABLE
In`ap*peas"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being appeased or satisfied; unappeasable.

INAPPELLABILITY
In`ap*pel`la*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being inappellable; finality.
The inappellability of the councils. Coleridge.

INAPPELLABLE
In`ap*pel"la*ble, a.

Defn: Inappealable; final.

INAPPETENCE; INAPPETENCY
In*ap"pe*tence, In*ap"pe*ten*cy, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + appetence:
cf. F. inappétence.]

Defn: Want of appetency; want of desire.

INAPPLICABILITY
In*ap`pli*ca*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inapplicabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being inapplicable; unfitness; inapplicableness.

INAPPLICABLE
In*ap"pli*ca*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + applicable.]

Defn: Not applicable; incapable of being applied; not adapted; not
suitable; as, the argument is inapplicable to the case. J. S. Mill.

Syn.
 -- Unsuitable; unsuited; unadapted; inappropriate; inapposite;
irrelevant.
 -- In*ap"pli*ca*ble*ness, n.
 -- In*ap"pli*ca*bly, adv.

INAPPLICATION
In*ap`pli*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + application: cf. F.
inapplication.]

Defn: Want of application, attention, or diligence; negligence;
indolence.

INAPPOSITE
In*ap"po*site, a.

Defn: Not apposite; not fit or suitable; not pertinent.
 -- In*ap"po*site*ly, adv.

INAPPRECIABLE
In`ap*pre"ci*a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + appreciable: cf. F.
inappréciable.]

Defn: Not appreciable; too small to be perceived; incapable of being
duly valued or estimated. Hallam.

INAPPRECIATION
In`ap*pre"ci*a"tion, n.

Defn: Want of appreciation.

INAPPREHENSIBLE
In*ap`pre*hen"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. inapprehensibilis: cf. F.
inappréhensible.]

Defn: Not apprehensible; unintelligible; inconceivable. Milton.

INAPPREHENSION
In*ap`pre*hen"sion, n.

Defn: Want of apprehension.

INAPPREHENSIVE
In*ap`pre*hen"sive, a.

Defn: Not apprehensive; regardless; unconcerned. Jer. Taylor.

INAPPROACHABLE
In`ap*proach"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not approachable; unapproachable; inaccessible; unequaled.
 -- In`ap*proach"a*bly, adv.

INAPPROPRIATE
In`ap*pro"pri*ate, a.

Defn: Not instrument (to); not appropriate; unbecoming; unsuitable;
not specially fitted; -- followed by to or for.
 -- In`ap*pro"pri*ate*ly, adv.
 -- In`ap*pro"pri*ate*ness, n.

INAPT
In*apt", a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + apt: cf. F. inapte. Cf. Inept.]

Defn: Unapt; not apt; unsuitable; inept.
 -- In*apt"ly, adv.
 -- In*apt"ness, n.

INAPTITUDE
In*apt"i*tude, n. Etym: [In- + aptitude: cf. F. inaptitude. Cf. In.]

Defn: Want of aptitude.

INAQUATE
In*a"quate, a. Etym: [L. inaquatus, p. p. of inaquare to make into
water; pref. in- in + aqua water.]

Defn: Embodied in, or changed into, water. [Obs.] Cranmer.

INAQUATION
In`a*qua"tion, n.

Defn: The state of being inaquate. [Obs.] Bp. Gardiner.

INARABLE
In*ar"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not arable. [R.]

INARCH
In*arch", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inarched; p. pr. & vb. n. Inarching.]

Defn: To graft by uniting, as a scion, to a stock, without separating
either from its root before the union is complete; -- also called to
graft by approach. P. Miler.

INARCHING
In*arch"ing, n.

Defn: A method of ingrafting. See Inarch.

INARTICULATE
In`ar*tic"u*late, a. Etym: [L. inarticulatus; pref. in- not +
articulatus articulate.]

1. Not uttered with articulation or intelligible distinctness, as
speech or words.
Music which is inarticulate poesy. Dryden.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) Not jointed or articulated; having no distinct body segments; as,
an inarticulate worm.
(b) Without a hinge; -- said of an order (Inarticulata or Ecardines)
of brachiopods.

3. Incapable of articulating. [R.]
The poor earl, who is inarticulate with palsy. Walpole.

INARTICULATED
In`ar*tic"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: Not articulated; not jointed or connected by a joint.

INARTICULATELY
In`ar*tic"u*late*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inarticulate manner. Hammond.

INARTICULATENESS
In`ar*tic"u*late*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being inarticulate.

INARTICULATION
In`ar*tic`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inarticulation.]

Defn: Inarticulateness. Chesterfield.

INARTIFICIAL
In*ar`ti*fi"cial, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + artificial: cf. F.
inartificiel.]

Defn: Not artificial; not made or elaborated by art; natural; simple;
artless; as, an inartificial argument; an inartificial character.
 -- In*ar`ti*fi"cial*ly, adv.
 -- In*ar`ti*fi"cial*ness, n.

INASMUCH
In`as*much", adv. Etym: [In + as + much.]

Defn: In like degree; in like manner; seeing that; considering that;
since; -- followed by as. See In as much as, under In, prep.
Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not
to me. Matt. xxv. 45.

Syn.
 -- Because; since; for; as. See Because.

INATTENTION
In`at*ten"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + attention: cf. F.
inattention.]

Defn: Want of attention, or failure to pay attention; disregard;
heedlessness; neglect.
Novel lays attract our ravished ears; But old, the mind inattention
hears. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Inadvertence; heedlessness; negligence; carelessness; disregard;
remissness; thoughtlessness; neglect.
 -- Inattention, Inadvertence. We miss seeing a thing through
inadvertence when do not happen to look at it; through inattention
when we give no heed to it, though directly before us. The latter is
therefore the worse. Inadvertence may be an involuntary accident;
inattention is culpable neglect. A versatile mind is often
inadvertent; a careless or stupid one is inattentive.

INATTENTIVE
In`at*ten"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. inattentif.]

Defn: Not attentive; not fixing the mind on an object; heedless;
careless; negligent; regardless; as, an inattentive spectator or
hearer; an inattentive habit. I. Watts.

Syn.
 -- Careless; heedless; regardless; thoughtless; negligent; remiss;
inadvertent.
 -- In`at*ten"tive*ly, adv.
 -- In`at*ten"tive*ness, n.

INAUDIBILITY
In*au`di*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being inaudible; inaudibleness.

INAUDIBLE
In*au"di*ble, a. Etym: [L. inaudibilis; pref. in- not + audire to
hear: cf. F. unaudible. See In- not, and Audible.]

Defn: Not audible; incapable of being heard; silent.
 -- In*au"di*ble*ness, n.
 -- In*au"di*bly, adv.

INAUGUR
In*au"gur, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. inaugurer. See Inaugurate.]

Defn: To inaugurate. [Obs.] Latimer.

INAUGURAL
In*au"gu*ral, a. Etym: [Cf. F. inaugural.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or performed or pronounced at, an inauguration;
as, an inaugural address; the inaugural exercises.

INAUGURAL
In*au"gu*ral, n.

Defn: An inaugural address. [U.S.]

INAUGURATE
In*au"gu*rate, a. Etym: [L. inauguratus, p. p. of inaugurare to take
omens from the flight of birds (before entering upon any important
undertaking); hence, to consecrate, inaugurate, or install, with such
divination; pref. in- in + augurare, augurari, to augur. See Augur.]

Defn: Invested with office; inaugurated. Drayton.

INAUGURATE
In*au"gu*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inaugurated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inaugurating.]

1. To introduce or induct into an office with suitable ceremonies or
solemnities; to invest with power or authority in a formal manner; to
install; as, to inaugurate a president; to inaugurate a king. Milton.

2. To cause to begin, esp. with formality or solemn ceremony; hence,
to set in motion, action, or progress; to initiate; -- used
especially of something of dignity or worth or public concern; as, to
inaugurate a new era of things, new methods, etc.
As if kings did closes remarkable days to inaugurate their favors.
Sir H. Wotton.

3. To celebrate the completion of, or the first public use of; to
dedicate, as a statue. [Colloq.]

4. To begin with good omens. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

INAUGURATION
In*au`gu*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. inauguratio a beginning: cf. F.
inauguration.]

1. The act of inuagurating, or inducting into office with solemnity;
investiture by appropriate ceremonies.
At his regal inauguration, his old father resigned the kingdom to
him. Sir T. Browne.

2. The formal beginning or initiation of any movement, course of
action, etc.; as, the inauguration of a new system, a new condition,
etc.

INAUGURATION DAY
In*au`gu*ra"tion Day.

Defn: The day on which the President of the United States is
inaugurated, the 4th of March in every year next after a year
divisible by four.

INAUGURATOR
In*au"gu*ra`tor, n.

Defn: One who inaugurates.

INAUGURATORY
In*au"gu*ra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Suitable for, or pertaining to, inauguration. Johnson.

INAURATE
In*au"rate, a. Etym: [L. inauratus, p. p. inaurare to gild; pref. in-
in + aurum gold.]

Defn: Covered with gold; gilded.

INAURATE
In*au"rate, v. t.

Defn: To cover with gold; to gild.

INAURATION
In`au*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inauration.]

Defn: The act or process of gilding or covering with gold.

INAUSPICATE
In*aus"pi*cate, a. Etym: [L. inauspicatus; pref. in- not +
auspicatus, p. p. auspicari. See Auspicate.]

Defn: Inauspicious [Obs.] Sir G. Buck.

INAUSPICIOUS
In`aus*pi"cious, a.

Defn: Not auspicious; ill-omened; unfortunate; unlucky; unfavorable.
"Inauspicious stars." Shak. "Inauspicious love." Dryden.
 -- In`aus*pi"cious*ly, adv.
 -- In`aus*pi"cious*ness, n.

INAUTHORITATIVE
In`au*thor"i*ta*tive, a.

Defn: Without authority; not authoritative.

INBARGE
In"barge, v. t. & i.

Defn: To embark; to go or put into a barge. [Obs.] Drayton.

INBEAMING
In"beam`ing, n.

Defn: Shining in. South.

INBEING
In"be`ing, n.

Defn: Inherence; inherent existence. I. Watts.

INBIND
In*bind", v. t.

Defn: To inclose. [Obs.] Fairfax.

INBLOWN
In"blown`, a.

Defn: Blown in or into. [Obs.]

INBOARD
In"board`, a. & adv.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: Inside the line of a vessel's bulwarks or hull; the opposite of
outboard; as, an inboard cargo; haul the boom inboard.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: From without inward; toward the inside; as, the inboard stroke
of a steam engine piston, the inward or return stroke.

INBORN
In"born`, a.

Defn: Born in or with; implanted by nature; innate; as, inborn
passions. Cowper.

Syn.
 -- Innate; inherent; natural.

INBREAK; INBREAKING
In"break`, In"break`ing, n.

Defn: A breaking in; inroad; invasion.

INBREATHE
In*breathe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inbreathed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inbreathing.]

Defn: To infuse by breathing; to inspire. Coleridge.

INBRED
In"bred`, a.

Defn: Bred within; innate; as, inbred worth. "Inbred sentiments."
Burke.

INBREED
In*breed", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inbred; p. pr. & vb. n. Inbreeding.]
Etym: [Cf. Imbreed.]

1. To produce or generate within. Bp. Reynolds.
To inbreed and cherish . . . the seeds of virtue. Milton.

2. To breed in and in. See under Breed, v. i.

INBURNING
In"burn`ing, a.

Defn: Burning within.
Her inburning wrath she gan abate. Spenser.

INBURNT
In"burnt`, a.

Defn: Burnt in; ineffaceable.
Her inburnt, shamefaced thoughts. P. Fletcher.

INBURST
In"burst`, n.

Defn: A bursting in or into.

INC
Inc, n.

Defn: A Japanese measure of length equal to about two and one twelfth
yards. [Written also ink.]

INCA
In"ca, n.
(a) An emperor or monarch of Peru before, or at the time of, the
Spanish conquest; any member of this royal dynasty, reputed to have
been descendants of the sun. (b) pl.

Defn: The people governed by the Incas, now represented by the
Quichua tribe. Inca dove (Zoöl.), a small dove (Scardafella inca),
native of Arizona, Lower California, and Mexico.

INCAGE
In*cage", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Incaging.]
Etym: [Cf. Encage.]

Defn: To confine in, or as in, a cage; to coop up. [Written also
encage.] "Incaged birds." Shak.

INCAGEMENT
In*cage"ment, n.

Defn: Confinement in, or as in, cage. [Obs.] Shelton.

INCALCULABILITY
In*cal`cu*la*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being incalculable.

INCALCULABLE
In*cal"cu*la*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + calculable: cf. F.
incalculable.]

Defn: Not capable of being calculated; beyond calculation; very
great.
 -- In*cal"cu*la*ble*ness, n.
 -- In*cal"cu*la*bly, adv.

INCALESCENCE
In`ca*les"cence, n.

Defn: The state of being incalescent, or of growing warm. Sir T.
Browne.

INCALESCENCY
In`ca*les"cen*cy, n.

Defn: Incalescence. Ray.

INCALESCENT
In`ca*les"cent, a. Etym: [L. incalescens, -entis, p. pr. of
incalescere to grow hot. See 1st In-, and Calescence.]

Defn: Growing warm; increasing in heat.

INCAMERATION
In*cam`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. in- in + L. camera chamber, LL.,
also, jurisdiction: cf. F. incamération, It. incamerazione.] (R. C.
Ch.)

Defn: The act or process of uniting lands, rights, or revenues, to
the ecclesiastical chamber, i. e., to the pope's domain.

INCAN
In"can, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Incas.

INCANDESCENCE
In`can*des"cence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. incandescence.]

Defn: A white heat, or the glowing or luminous whiteness of a body
caused by intense heat.

INCANDESCENT
In`can*des"cent, a. Etym: [L. incandecens, -entis, p. pr. of
incandescere to become warm or hot; pref. in- in + candescere to
become of a glittering whiteness, to become red hot, incho. fr.
candere to be of a glittering whiteness: cf. F. incandescent. See
Candle.]

Defn: White, glowing, or luminous, with intense heat; as,
incandescent carbon or platinum; hence, clear; shining; brilliant.
Holy Scripture become resplendent; or, as one might say, incandescent
throughout. I. Taylor.
Incandescent lamp or light (Elec.), a kind of lamp in which the light
is produced by a thin filament of conducting material, usually
carbon, contained in a vacuum, and heated to incandescence by an
electric current, as in the Edison lamp; -- called also incandescence
lamp, and glowlamp.

INCANESCENT
In`ca*nes"cent, a. Etym: [L. incanescens, p. pr. incanescere to
become gray.]

Defn: Becoming hoary or gray; canescent.

INCANOUS
In*ca"nous, a. Etym: [L. incanus; pref. in- in + canus hoary.] (Bot.)

Defn: Hoary with white pubescence.

INCANTATION
In`can*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. incantatio, fr. incantare to chant a
magic formula over one: cf. F. incantation. See Enchant.]

1. The act or process of using formulas sung or spoken, with occult
ceremonies, for the purpose of raising spirits, producing
enchantment, or affecting other magical results; enchantment.
"Mysterious ceremony and incantation." Burke.

2. A formula of words used as above.

INCANTATORY
In*cant"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Dealing by enchantment; magical. Sir T. Browne.

INCANTING
In*cant"ing, a.

Defn: Enchanting. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

INCANTON
In*can"ton, v. t.

Defn: To unite to, or form into, a canton or separate community.
Addison.

INCAPABILITY
In*ca`pa*bil"i*ty, n.

1. The quality of being incapable; incapacity. Suckling.

2. (Law)

Defn: Want of legal qualifications, or of legal power; as,
incapability of holding an office.

INCAPABLE
In*ca"pa*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + capable: cf. F. incapable, L.
incapabilis incomprehensible.]

1. Wanting in ability or qualification for the purpose or end in
view; not large enough to contain or hold; deficient in physical
strength, mental or moral power, etc.; not capable; as, incapable of
holding a certain quantity of liquid; incapable of endurance, of
comprehension, of perseverance, of reform, etc.

2. Not capable of being brought to do or perform, because morally
strong or well disposed; -- used with reference to some evil; as,
incapable of wrong, dishonesty, or falsehood.

3. Not in a state to receive; not receptive; not susceptible; not
able to admit; as, incapable of pain, or pleasure; incapable of stain
or injury.

4. (Law)

Defn: Unqualified or disqualified, in a legal sense; as, a man under
thirty-five years of age is incapable of holding the office of
president of the United States; a person convicted on impeachment is
thereby made incapable of holding an office of profit or honor under
the government.

5. (Mil.)

Defn: As a term of disgrace, sometimes annexed to a sentence when an
officer has been cashiered and rendered incapable of serving his
country.

Note: Incapable is often used elliptically.
Is not your father grown incapable of reasonable affairs Shak.

Syn.
 -- Incompetent; unfit; unable; insufficient; inadequate; deficient;
disqualified. See Incompetent.

INCAPABLE
In*ca"pa*ble, n.

Defn: One who is morally or mentally weak or inefficient; an
imbecile; a simpleton.

INCAPABLENESS
In*ca"pa*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being incapable; incapability.

INCAPABLY
In*ca"pa*bly, adv.

Defn: In an incapable manner.

INCAPACIOUS
In`ca*pa"cious, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + capacious: cf. L. incapax
incapable.]

Defn: Not capacious; narrow; small; weak or foolish; as, an
incapacious soul. Bp. Burnet.
 -- In`ca*pa"cious*ness, n.

INCAPACITATE
In`ca*pac"i*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incapacitated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Incapacitating.] Etym: [Pref. in- not + capacitate.]

1. To deprive of capacity or natural power; to disable; to render
incapable or unfit; to disqualify; as, his age incapacitated him for
war.

2. (Law)

Defn: To deprive of legal or constitutional requisites, or of ability
or competency for the performance of certain civil acts; to
disqualify.
It absolutely incapacitated them from holding rank, office, function,
or property. Milman.

INCAPACITATION
In`ca*pac`i*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of incapacitating or state of being incapacitated;
incapacity; disqualification. Burke.

INCAPACITY
In`ca*pac"i*ty, n.; pl. Incapacities (. Etym: [Cf. F. incapacité.]

1. Want of capacity; lack of physical or intellectual power;
inability.

2. (Law)

Defn: Want of legal ability or competency to do, give, transmit, or
receive something; inability; disqualification; as, the inacapacity
of minors to make binding contracts, etc.

Syn.
 -- Inability; incapability; incompetency; unfitness;
disqualification; disability.

INCAPSULATE
In*cap"su*late, v. t. (Physiol.)

Defn: To inclose completely, as in a membrane.

INCAPSULATION
In*cap`su*la"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The process of becoming, or the state or condition of being,
incapsulated; as, incapsulation of the ovum in the uterus.

INCARCERATE
In*car"cer*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incarcerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Incarcerating.] Etym: [Pref. in- in + L. carceratus, p. p. of
carcerare to imprison, fr. carcer prison.]

1. To imprison; to confine in a jail or priso

2. To confine; to shut up or inclose; to hem in. Incarcerated hernia
(Med.), hernia in which the constriction can not be easily reduced.

INCARCERATE
In*car"cer*ate, a.

Defn: Imprisoned. Dr. H. More.

INCARCERATION
In*car`cer*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. incarcération.]

1. The act of confining, or the state of being confined;
imprisonment. Glanvill.

2. (Med.)
(a) Formerly, strangulation, as in hernia.
(b) A constriction of the hernial sac, rendering it irreducible, but
not great enough to cause strangulation.

INCARCERATOR
In*car"cer*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who incarcerates.

INCARN
In*carn", v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. incarner. See Incarnate.]

Defn: To cover or invest with flesh. [R.] Wiseman.

INCARN
In*carn", v. i.

Defn: To develop flesh. [R.] Wiseman.

INCARNADINE
In*car"na*dine, a. Etym: [F. incarnadin, It. incarnatino; L. pref.
in- in + caro, carnis, flesh. Cf. Carnation, Incarnate.]

Defn: Flesh-colored; of a carnation or pale red color. [Obs.]
Lovelace.

INCARNADINE
In*car"na*dine, v. t.

Defn: To dye red or crimson.
Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood Clean from my hand No;
this my hand will rather The multitudinous seas incarnadine, Making
the green one red. Shak.

INCARNATE
In*car"nate, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + carnate.]

Defn: Not in the flesh; spiritual. [Obs.]
I fear nothing . . . that devil carnate or incarnate can fairly do.
Richardson.

INCARNATE
In*car"nate, a. Etym: [L. incarnatus, p. p. of incarnare to
incarnate, pref. in- in + caro, carnis, flesh. See Carnal.]

1. Invested with flesh; embodied in a human nature and form; united
with, or having, a human body.
Here shalt thou sit incarnate. Milton.
He represents the emperor and his wife as two devils incarnate, sent
into the world for the destruction of mankind. Jortin.

2. Flesh-colored; rosy; red. [Obs.] Holland.

INCARNATE
In*car"nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incarnated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Incarnating.]

Defn: To clothe with flesh; to embody in flesh; to invest, as
spirits, ideals, etc., with a human from or nature.
This essence to incarnate and imbrute, That to the height of deity
aspired. Milton.

INCARNATE
In*car"nate, v. i.

Defn: To form flesh; to granulate, as a wound. [R.]
My uncle Toby's wound was nearly well -- 't was just beginning to
incarnate. Sterne.

INCARNATION
In`car*na"tion, n. Etym: [F. incarnation, LL. incarnatio.]

1. The act of clothing with flesh, or the state of being so clothed;
the act of taking, or being manifested in, a human body and nature.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: The union of the second person of the Godhead with manhood in
Christ.

3. An incarnate form; a personification; a manifestation; a reduction
to apparent from; a striking exemplification in person or act.
She is a new incarnation of some of the illustrious dead. Jeffrey.
The very incarnation of selfishness. F. W. Robertson.

4. A rosy or red color; flesh color; carnation. [Obs.]

5. (Med.)

Defn: The process of healing wounds and filling the part with new
flesh; granulation.

INCARNATIVE
In*car"na*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. incarnatif.]

Defn: Causing new flesh to grow; healing; regenerative.
 -- n.

Defn: An incarnative medicine.

INCARNIFICATION
In*car`ni*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [See Incarnation, and -fy.]

Defn: The act of assuming, or state of being clothed with, flesh;
incarnation.

INCASE
In*case", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incased; p. pr. & vb. n. Incasing.]
Etym: [F. encaisser; pref. en- (L. in) + caisse case. See Case a box,
and cf. Encase, Enchase.]

Defn: To inclose in a case; to inclose; to cover or surround with
something solid.
Rich plates of gold the folding doors incase. Pope.

INCASEMENT
In*case"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. Casement.]

1. The act or process of inclosing with a case, or the state of being
incased.

2. That which forms a case, covering, or inclosure.

INCASK
In*cask", v. t.

Defn: To cover with a casque or as with a casque. Sherwood.

INCASTELLATED
In*cas"tel*la`ted, a.

Defn: Confined or inclosed in a castle.

INCASTELLED
In*cas"telled, a. (Far.)

Defn: Hoofbound. Crabb.

INCATENATION
In*cat`e*na"tion, n. Etym: [LL. incatenatio; L. pref. in- in + catena
chain. See Enchain.]

Defn: The act of linking together; enchaining. [R.] Goldsmith.

INCAUTION
In*cau"tion, n.

Defn: Want of caution. Pope.

INCAUTIOUS
In*cau"tious, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + cautious: cf. L. incautus.]

Defn: Not cautious; not circumspect; not attending to the
circumstances on which safety and interest depend; heedless;
careless; as, an incautious step; an incautious remark.

You . . . incautious tread On fire with faithless embers overspread.
Francis.
His rhetorical expressions may easily captivate any incautious
reader. Keill.

Syn.
 -- Unwary; indiscreet; inconsiderate; imprudent; impolitic;
careless; heedless; thoughtless.
 -- In*cau"tious*ly, adv.
 -- In*cau"tious*ness, n.

INCAVATED
In"ca*va`ted, a. Etym: [L. incavatus, p. p. of incavare to make
hollow: pref in- in + cavare to hollow out, fr. cavus hollow.]

Defn: Made hollow; bent round or in.

INCAVATION
In`ca*va"tion, n.

Defn: Act of making hollow; also, a hollow; an exvation; a
depression.

INCAVED
In*caved", a. Etym: [Pref. in- in + cave. Cf. Encave, Incavated.]

Defn: Inclosed in a cave.

INCAVERNED
In*cav"erned, a.

Defn: Inclosed or shut up as in a cavern. Drayton.

INCEDINGLY
In*ced"ing*ly, adv. Etym: [L. incedere to walk majestically.]

Defn: Majestically. [R.] C. Bronté.

INCELEBRITY
In`ce*leb"ri*ty, n.

Defn: Want of celebrity or distinction; obscurity. [R.] Coleridge.

INCEND
In*cend", v. t. Etym: [L. incendere, incensum, to kindle, burn. See
Incense to inflame.]

Defn: To inflame; to excite. [Obs.] Marston.

INCENDIARISM
In*cen"di*a*rism, n. Etym: [From Incendiary.]

Defn: The act or practice of maliciously setting fires; arson.

INCENDIARY
In*cen"di*a*ry, n.; pl. Incendiaries. Etym: [L. incendiarius: cf. F.
incendiaire. See Incense to inflame.]

1. Any person who maliciously sets fire to a building or other
valuable or other valuable property.

2. A person who excites or inflames factions, and promotes quarrels
or sedition; an agitator; an exciter.
Several cities . . . drove them out as incendiaries. Bentley.

INCENDIARY
In*cen"di*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. incendiarius, fr. incendium a fire,
conflagration: cf. F. incendiaire. See Incense to inflame.]

1. Of or pertaining to incendiarism, or the malicious burning of
valuable property; as, incendiary material; as incendiary crime.

2. Tending to excite or inflame factions, sedition, or quarrel;
inflammatory; seditious. Paley. Incendiary shell, a bombshell. See
Carcass, 4.

INCENDIOUS
In*cen"di*ous, a. Etym: [L. incendiosus burning, hot.]

Defn: Promoting faction or contention; seditious; inflammatory.
[Obs.] Bacon.
 -- In*cen"di*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.]

INCENSANT
In*cen"sant, a. Etym: [See Incense to anger.] (Her.)

Defn: A modern term applied to animals (as a boar) when borne as
raging, or with furious aspect.

INCENSATION
In`cen*sa"tion, n. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The offering of incense. [R.] Encyc. Brit.

INCENSE
In*cense", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incensed; p. pr. & vb. n. Incensing.]
Etym: [L. incensus, p. p. of incendere; pref. in- in + root of
candere to glow. See Candle.]

1. To set on fire; to inflame; to kindle; to burn. [Obs.]
Twelve Trojan princes wait on thee, and labor to incense Thy glorious
heap of funeral. Chapman.

2. To inflame with anger; to endkindle; to fire; to incite; to
provoke; to heat; to madden.
The people are incensed him. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To enrage; exasperate; provoke; anger; irritate; heat; fire;
instigate.

INCENSE
In"cense, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incensed; p. pr. & vb. n. Incensing.]
Etym: [LL. incensare: cf. F. encenser. See Incense, n.]

1. To offer incense to. See Incense. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To perfume with, or as with, incense. "Incensed with wanton
sweets." Marston.

INCENSE
In"cense, n. Etym: [OE. encens, F. encens, L. incensum, fr. incensus,
p. p. of incendere to burn. See Incense to inflame.]

1. The perfume or odors exhaled from spices and gums when burned in
celebrating religious rites or as an offering to some deity.
A thick of incense went up. Ezek. viii. 11.

2. The materials used for the purpose of producing a perfume when
burned, as fragrant gums, spices, frankincense, etc.
Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer,
and put fire therein, and put incense thereon. Lev. x. 1.

3. Also used figuratively.
Or heap the shrine of luxury and pride,
With incense kindled at the Muse's flame. Gray. Incense tree, the
name of several balsamic trees of the genus Bursera (or Icica) mostly
tropical American. The gum resin is used for incense. In Jamaica the
Chrysobalanus Icaco, a tree related to the plums, is called incense
tree.
 -- Incense wood, the fragrant wood of the tropical American tree
Bursera heptaphylla.

INCENSEBREATHING; INCENSE-BREATHING
In"cense*breath`ing, a.

Defn: Breathing or exhaling incense. "Incense-breathing morn." Gray.

INCENSED
In*censed", a.

1. Angered; enraged.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Represented as enraged, as any wild creature depicted with fire
issuing from mouth and eyes.

INCENSEMENT
In*cense"ment, n.

Defn: Fury; rage; heat; exasperation; as, implacable incensement.
Shak.

INCENSER
In*cen"ser, n.

Defn: One who instigates or incites.

INCENSION
In*cen"sion, n. Etym: [L. incensio. See Incense to inflame.]

Defn: The act of kindling, or the state of being kindled or on fire.
Bacon.

INCENSIVE
In*cen"sive, a.

Defn: Tending to excite or provoke; inflammatory. Barrow.

INCENSOR
In*cen"sor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A kindler of anger or enmity; an inciter.

INCENSORY
In*cen"so*ry, n.; pl. Incensories. Etym: [LL. incensorium: cf. F.
encensoir. See 2d Incense, and cf. Censer.]

Defn: The vessel in which incense is burned and offered; a censer; a
thurible. [R.] Evelyn.

INCENSURABLE
In*cen"sur*a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + censurable: cf. F.
incensurable.]

Defn: Not censurable. Dr. T. Dwight.
 -- In*cen"sur*a*bly, adv.

INCENTER
In*cen"ter, n. (Geom.)

Defn: The center of the circle inscribed in a triangle.

INCENTIVE
In*cen"tive, a. Etym: [L. incentivus, from incinere to strike up or
set the tune; pref. in- + canere to sing. See Enchant, Chant.]

1. Inciting; encouraging or moving; rousing to action; stimulative.
Competency is the most incentive to industry. Dr. H. More.

2. Serving to kindle or set on fire. [R.]
Part incentive reed
Provide, pernicious with one touch of fire. Milton.

INCENTIVE
In*cen"tive, n. Etym: [L. incentivum.]

Defn: That which moves or influences the mind, or operates on the
passions; that which incites, or has a tendency to incite, to
determination or action; that which prompts to good or ill; motive;
spur; as, the love of money, and the desire of promotion, are two
powerful incentives to action.
The greatest obstacles, the greatest terrors that come in their way,
are so far from making them quit the work they had begun, that they
rather prove incentives to them to go on in it. South.

Syn.
 -- Motive; spur; stimulus; incitement; encouragement; inducement;
influence.

INCENTIVELY
In*cen"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: Incitingly; encouragingly.

INCEPTION
In*cep"tion, n. Etym: [L. inceptio, fr. incipere to begin; pref. in-
in + capere to take. See Capable.]

1. Beginning; commencement; initiation. Bacon.
Marked with vivacity of inception, apathy of progress, and
prematureness of decay. Rawle.

2. Reception; a taking in. [R.] Poe.

INCEPTIVE
In*cep"tive, a.

Defn: Beginning; expressing or indicating beginning; as, an inceptive
proposition; an inceptive verb, which expresses the beginning of
action; -- called also inchoative.
 -- In*cep"tive*ly, adv.

INCEPTIVE
In*cep"tive, n.

Defn: An inceptive word, phrase, or clause.

INCEPTOR
In*cep"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. A beginner; one in the rudiments. Johnson.

2. One who is on the point of taking the degree of master of arts at
an English university. Walton.

INCERATION
In`cer*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. incerare to smear with wax; pref. in- in
+ cerare to wax, fr. cera wax: cf. F. incération.]

Defn: The act of smearing or covering with wax. B. Jonson.

INCERATIVE
In*cer"a*tive, a.

Defn: Cleaving or sticking like wax. Cotgrave.

INCERTAIN
In*cer"tain, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + certain: cf. F. incertain, L.
incertus. See Certain.]

Defn: Uncertain; doubtful; unsteady.
 -- In*cer"tain*ly, adv.
Very questionable and of uncertain truth. Sir T. Browne.

INCERTAINTY
In*cer"tain*ty, n.

Defn: Uncertainty. [Obs.] Shak.

INCERTITUDE
In*cer"ti*tude, n. Etym: [Cf. F. incertitude, LL. incertitudo, fr. L.
incertus. See Incertain.]

Defn: Uncertainty; doubtfulness; doubt.
The incertitude and instability of this life. Holland.
He fails . . . from mere incertitude or irresolution. I. Taylor.

INCERTUM
In*cer"tum, a.

Defn: Doubtful; not of definite form. Opus incertum (Anc. Arch.), a
kind of masonry employed in building walls, in which the stones were
not squared nor laid in courses; rubblework.

INCESSABLE
In*ces"sa*ble, a. Etym: [L. incessabilis; pref. in- not + cessare to
cease.]

Defn: Unceasing; continual. [Obs.] Shelton.
 -- In*ces"sa*bly, adv. [Obs.]

INCESSANCY
In*ces"san*cy, n. Etym: [From Incessant.]

Defn: The quality of being incessant; unintermitted continuance;
unceasingness. Dr. T. Dwight.

INCESSANT
In*ces"sant, a. Etym: [L. incessans, -antis; pref. in- not + cessare
to cease: cf. F. incessant. See Cease.]

Defn: Continuing or following without interruption; unceasing;
unitermitted; uninterrupted; continual; as, incessant clamors;
incessant pain, etc.
Against the castle gate, . . . Which with incessant force and endless
hate, They batter'd day and night and entrance did await. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- Unceasing; uninterrupted; unintermitted; unremitting; ceaseless;
continual; constant; perpetual.

INCESSANTLY
In*ces"sant*ly, adv.

Defn: Unceasingly; continually. Shak.

INCESSION
In*ces"sion, n. Etym: [L. incedere, incessum, to walk.]

Defn: Motion on foot; progress in walking. [Obs.]
The incession or local motion of animals. Sir T. Browne.

INCEST
In"cest, n. Etym: [F. inceste, L. incestum unchastity, incest, fr.
incestus unchaste; pref. in- not + castus chaste. See Chaste.]

Defn: The crime of cohabitation or sexual commerce between persons
related within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by law.
Shak. Spiritual incest. (Eccl. Law) (a) The crime of cohabitation
committed between persons who have a spiritual alliance by means of
baptism or confirmation. (b) The act of a vicar, or other
beneficiary, who holds two benefices, the one depending on the
collation of the other.

INCESTTUOUS
In*cest"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. incestuosus: cf. F. incestueux.]

Defn: Guilty of incest; involving, or pertaining to, the crime of
incest; as, an incestuous person or connection. Shak.
Ere you reach to this incestuous love, You must divine and human
rights remove. Dryden.
-- In*cest"tu*ous*ly, adv.
 -- In*cest"tu*ous*ness, n.

INCH
Inch, n. Etym: [Gael. inis.]

Defn: An island; -- often used in the names of small islands off the
coast of Scotland, as in Inchcolm, Inchkeith, etc. [Scot.]

INCH
Inch, n. Etym: [OE. inche, unche, AS. ynce, L. uncia the twelfth
part, inch, ounce. See Ounce a weight.]

1. A measure of length, the twelfth part of a foot, commonly
subdivided into halves, quarters, eights, sixteenths, etc., as among
mechanics. It was also formerly divided into twelve parts, called
lines, and originally into three parts, called barleycorns, its
length supposed to have been determined from three grains of barley
placed end to end lengthwise. It is also sometimes called a prime
('), composed of twelve seconds ('\'b7), as in the duodecimal system
of arithmetic.
12 seconds ('\'b7) make 1 inch or prime. 12 inches or primes (') make
1 foot. B. Greenleaf.

Note: The meter, the accepted scientific standard of length, equals
39.37 inches; the inch is equal to 2.54 centimeters. See Metric
system, and Meter.

2. A small distance or degree, whether or time
Beldame, I think we watched you at an inch. Shak.
By inches, by slow degrees, gradually.
 -- Inch of candle. See under Candle.
 -- Inches of pressure, usually, the pressure indicated by so many
inches of a mercury column, as on a steam gauge.
 -- Inch of water. See under Water.
 -- Miner's inch, (Hydraulic Mining), a unit for the measurement of
water. See Inch of water, under Water.

INCH
Inch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inched; p. pr. & vb. n. Inching.]

1. To drive by inches, or small degrees. [R.]
He gets too far into the soldier's grace And inches out my master.
Dryden.

2. To deal out by inches; to give sparingly. [R.]

INCH
Inch, v. i.

Defn: To advance or retire by inches or small degrees; to move
slowly.
With slow paces measures back the field, And inches to the walls.
Dryden.

INCH
Inch, a.

Defn: Measurement an inch in any dimension, whether length, breadth,
or thickness; -- used in composition; as, a two-inch cable; a four-
inch plank. Inch stuff, boards, etc., sawed one inch thick.

INCHAMBER
In*cham"ber, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inchambered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inchambering.] Etym: [Pref. in- in + chamber: cf. OF. enchambrer.]

Defn: To lodge in a chamber. [R.] Sherwood.

INCHANGEABILITY
In*change`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Unchangeableness. [Obs.] Kenrick.

INCHANT
In*chant", v. t.

Defn: See Enchant.

INCHARITABLE
In*char"i*ta*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. incharitable.]

Defn: Uncharitable; unfeeling. [Obs.] Shak.

INCHARITY
In*char"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. incharité.]

Defn: Want of charity. [Obs.] Evelyn.

INCHASE
In*chase", v. t.

Defn: See Enchase.

INCHASTITY
In*chas"ti*ty, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + chastity: cf. F.
inchasteté.]

Defn: Unchastity. [Obs.] Milton.

INCHED
Inched, a.

Defn: Having or measuring (so many) inches; as, a four-inched bridge.
Shak.

INCHEST
In*chest", v. t.

Defn: To put into a chest.

INCHIPIN
Inch"i*pin, n.

Defn: See Inchpin.

INCHMEAL
Inch"meal`, n. Etym: [See Meal a part, and cf. Piecemeal.]

Defn: A piece an inch long. By inchmeal, by small degrees; by inches.
Shak.

INCHMEAL
Inch"meal`, adv.

Defn: Little by little; gradually.

INCHOATE
In"cho*ate, a. Etym: [L. inchoatus, better incohatus, p. p. of
incohare to begin.]

Defn: Recently, or just, begun; beginning; partially but not fully in
existence or operation; existing in its elements; incomplete.
 -- In"cho*ate*ly, adv.
Neither a substance perfect, nor a substance inchoate. Raleigh.

INCHOATE
In"cho*ate, v. t.

Defn: To begin. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

INCHOATION
In`cho*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. inchoatio, incohatio.]

Defn: Act of beginning; commencement; inception.
The setting on foot some of those arts, in those parts, would be
looked on as the first inchoation of them. Sir M. Hale.
It is now in actual progress, from the rudest inchoation to the most
elaborate finishing. I. Taylor.

INCHOATIVE
In*cho"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. inchoativus, incohativus: cf. F.
inchoatif.]

Defn: Expressing or pertaining to a beginning; inceptive; as, an
inchoative verb. "Some inchoative or imperfect rays." W. Montagu.
 -- n.

Defn: An inchoative verb. See Inceptive.

INCHPIN
Inch"pin, n. Etym: [Written also inchipin, inche-pinne, inne-pinne.]
Etym: [Cf. Gael. inne, innidh, bowel, entrail.]

Defn: The sweetbread of a deer. Cotgrave.

INCHWORM
Inch"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of any geometrid moth. See Geometrid.

INCICURABLE
In*cic"u*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. incicur not tame; pref. in- not + cicur
name.]

Defn: Untamable. [R.]

INCIDE
In*cide", v. t. Etym: [L. incidere; pref. in- in + caedere to cut.
See Concise, and cf. Incise.]

Defn: To cut; to separate and remove; to resolve or break up, as by
medicines. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

INCIDENCE
In"ci*dence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. incidence.]

1. A falling on or upon; an incident; an event. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

2. (Physics)

Defn: The direction in which a body, or a ray of light or heat, falls
on any surface.
In equal incidences there is a considerable inequality of
refractions. Sir I. Newton.
Angle of incidence, the angle which a ray of light, or the line of
incidence of a body, falling on any surface, makes with a
perpendicular to that surface; also formerly, the complement of this
angle.
 -- Line of incidence, the line in the direction of which a surface
is struck by a body, ray of light, and the like.

INCIDENCY
In"ci*den*cy, n.

Defn: Incidence. [Obs.] Shak.

INCIDENT
In"ci*dent, a. Etym: [L. incidens, -entis, p. pr. & of incidere to
fall into or upon; pref. in- in, on + cadere to fall: cf. F.
incident. See Cadence.]

1. Falling or striking upon, as a ray of light upon a reflecting
surface.

2. Coming or happening accidentally; not in the usual course of
things; not in connection with the main design; not according to
expectation; casual; fortuitous.
As the ordinary course of common affairs is disposed of by general
laws, so likewise men's rarer incident necessities and utilities
should be with special equity considered. Hooker.

3. Liable to happen; apt to occur; befalling; hence, naturally
happening or appertaining.
All chances incident to man's frail life. Milton.
The studies incident to his profession. Milward.

4. (Law)

Defn: Dependent upon, or appertaining to, another thing, called the
principal. Incident proposition (Logic), a proposition subordinate to
another, and introduced by who, which, whose, whom, etc.; as, Julius,
whose surname was Cæsar, overcame Pompey. I. Watts.

INCIDENT
In"ci*dent, n. Etym: [Cf. F. incident.]

1. That which falls out or takes place; an event; casualty;
occurrence.

2. That which happens aside from the main design; an accidental or
subordinate action or event.
No person, no incident, in a play but must be of use to carry on the
main design. Dryden.

3. (Law)

Defn: Something appertaining to, passing with, or depending on,
another, called the principal. Tomlins.

Syn.
 -- Circumstance; event; fact; adventure; contingency; chance;
accident; casualty. See Event.

INCIDENTAL
In`ci*den"tal, a.

Defn: Happening, as an occasional event, without regularity; coming
without design; casual; accidental; hence, not of prime concern;
subordinate; collateral; as, an incidental conversation; an
incidental occurrence; incidental expenses.
By some, religious duties . . . appear to be regarded . . . as an
incidental business. Rogers.

Syn.
 -- Accidental; casual; fortuitous; contingent; chance; collateral.
See Accidental.
 -- In`cen*den"tal*ly, adv.
 -- In`cen*den"tal*ness, n.
I treat either or incidentally of colors. Boyle.

INCIDENTAL
In`ci*den"tal, n.

Defn: An incident; that which is incidental; esp., in the plural, an
aggregate of subordinate or incidental items not particularized; as,
the expense of tuition and incidentals. Pope.

INCIDENTLY
In"ci*dent*ly, adv.

Defn: Incidentally. [Obs.]

INCINERABLE
In*cin"er*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being incinerated or reduced to ashes. Sir T.
Browne.

INCINERATE
In*cin"er*ate, Etym: [LL. incineratus, p. p. of incinerare to
incinerate; L. pref. in- in + cinis, cineris, ashes.]

Defn: Reduced to ashes by burning; thoroughly consumed. [Obs.] Bacon.

INCINERATE
In*cin"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incinerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Incinerating.]

Defn: To burn to ashes; to consume; to burn. Bacon.
It is the fire only that incinerates bodies. Boyle.

INCINERATION
In*cin`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. incineratio: cf. F. incinération.]

Defn: The act of incinerating, or the state of being incinerated;
cremation.
The phenix kind, Of whose incineration, There riseth a new creation.
Skelton.

INCIPIENCE; INCIPIENCY
In*cip"i*ence, In*cip"i*en*cy, n. Etym: [L. incipientia.]

Defn: Beginning; commencement; incipient state.

INCIPIENT
In*cip"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. incipiens, p. pr. of incipere to begin.
See Inception.]

Defn: Beginning to be, or to show itself; commencing; initial; as,
the incipient stage of a fever; incipient light of day.
 -- In*cip"i*ent*ly, adv.

INCIRCLE
In*cir"cle, v. t.

Defn: See Encircle.

INCIRCLET
In*cir"clet, n. Etym: [Cf. Encirclet.]

Defn: A small circle. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

INCIRCUMSCRIPTIBLE
In*cir`cum*scrip"ti*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + circumscriptible:
cf. LL. incircumscriptibilis.]

Defn: Incapable of being circumscribed or limited. Cranmer.

INCIRCUMSCRIPTION
In*cir`cum*scrip"tion, n.

Defn: Condition or quality of being incircumscriptible or limitless.
Jer. Taylor.

INCIRCUMSPECT
In*cir"cum*spect, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + circumspect.]

Defn: Not circumspect; heedless; careless; reckless; impolitic.
Tyndale.

INCIRCUMSPECTION
In*cir`cum*spec"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. incirconspection.]

Defn: Want of circumspection. Sir T. Browne.

INCISE
In*cise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incised; p. pr. & vb. n. Incising.]
Etym: [L. incisus, p. p. of incidere to incise: cf. F. inciser. See
Incide.]

1. To cut in or into with a sharp instrument; to carve; to engrave.
I on thy grave this epitaph incise. T. Carew.

2. To cut, gash, or wound with a sharp instrument; to cut off.

INCISED
In*cised", a.

1. Cut in; carved; engraved.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having deep and sharp notches, as a leaf or a petal.

INCISELY
In*cise"ly, adv.

Defn: In an incised manner.

INCISION
In*ci"sion, n. Etym: [L. incisio: cf. F. incision. See Incise.]

1. The act of incising, or cutting into a substance. Milton.

2. That which is produced by incising; the separation of the parts of
any substance made by a cutting or pointed instrument; a cut; a gash.

3. Separation or solution of viscid matter by medicines. [Obs.]

INCISIVE
In*ci"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. incisif.]

1. Having the quality of incising, cutting, or penetrating, as with a
sharp instrument; cutting; hence, sharp; acute; sarcastic; biting.
"An incisive, high voice." G. Eliot.
And her incisive smile accrediting That treason of false witness in
my blush. Mrs. Browning.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the incisors; incisor; as, the incisive
bones, the premaxillaries.

INCISOR
In*ci"sor, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the teeth in front of the canines in either jaw; an
incisive tooth. See Tooth.

INCISOR
In*ci"sor, a.

Defn: Adapted for cutting; of or pertaining to the incisors;
incisive; as, the incisor nerve; an incisor foramen; an incisor
tooth.

INCISORY
In*ci"so*ry, a.

Defn: Having the quality of cutting; incisor; incisive.

INCISURE
In*cis"ure, n. Etym: [L. incisura: cf. F. incisure.]

Defn: A cut; an incision; a gash. Derham.

INCITANT
In*cit"ant, a. Etym: [L. incitans, -antis, p. pr. of incitare. See
Incite.]

Defn: Inciting; stimulating.

INCITANT
In*cit"ant, n.

Defn: That which incites; an inciting agent or cause; a stimulant. E.
Darwin.

INCITATION
In`ci*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. incitatio: cf. F. incitation.]

1. The act of inciting or moving to action.

2. That which incites to action; that which rouses or prompts;
incitement; motive; incentive.
The noblest incitation to honest attempts. Tatler.

INCITATIVE
In*cit"a*tive, n.

Defn: A provocative; an incitant; a stimulant. [R.] Jervas.

INCITE
In*cite", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incited; p. pr. & vb. n. Inciting.]
Etym: [L. incitare; pref. in- in + citare to rouse, stir up: cf. F.
inciter. See Cite.]

Defn: To move to action; to stir up; to rouse; to spur or urge on.
Anthiochus, when he incited Prusias to join in war, set before him
the greatness of the Romans. Bacon.
No blown ambition doth our arms incite. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Excite; stimulate; instigate; spur; goad; arouse; move; urge;
rouse; provoke; encourage; prompt; animate. See Excite.

INCITEMENT
In*cite"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. incitement.]

1. The act of inciting.

2. That which incites the mind, or moves to action; motive;
incentive; impulse. Burke.
From the long records of a distant age, Derive incitements to renew
thy rage. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Motive; incentive; spur; stimulus; impulse; encouragement.

INCITER
In*cit"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, incites.

INCITINGLY
In*cit"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to incite or stimulate.

INCITO-MOTOR
In*ci`to-mo"tor, a. Etym: [L. incitus incited + E. motor.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Inciting to motion; -- applied to that action which, in the
case of muscular motion, commences in the nerve centers, and excites
the muscles to contraction. Opposed to excito-motor.

INCITO-MOTORY
In*ci`to-mo"to*ry, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Incitomotor.

INCIVIL
In*civ"il, a. Etym: [L. incivilis; pref. in- not + civilis civil: cf.
F. incivil.]

Defn: Uncivil; rude. [Obs.] Shak.

INCIVILITY
In`ci*vil"i*ty, n.; pl. Incivilities. Etym: [L. incivilitas: cf. F.
incivilité.]

1. The quality or state of being uncivil; want of courtesy; rudeness
of manner; impoliteness. Shak. Tillotson.

2. Any act of rudeness or ill breeding.
Uncomely jests, loud talking and jeering, which, in civil account,
are called indecencies and incivilities. Jer. Taylor.

3. Want of civilization; a state of rudeness or barbarism. [R.] Sir
W. Raleigh.

Syn.
 -- Impoliteness; uncourteousness; unmannerliness; disrespect;
rudeness; discourtesy.

INCIVILIZATION
In*civ`i*li*za"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + civilization.]

Defn: The state of being uncivilized; want of civilization;
barbarism.

INCIVILLY
In*civ"il*ly, adv.

Defn: Uncivilly. [Obs.] Shak.

INCIVISM
In*civ"ism, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + civism: cf. F. incivisme.]

Defn: Want of civism; want of patriotism or love to one's country;
unfriendliness to one's state or government. [R.] Macaulay.

INCLAMATION
In`cla*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. inclamatio. See 1st In-, and Claim.]

Defn: Exclamation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

INCLASP
In*clasp", v. t. Etym: [Pref. in- in + clasp. Cf. Enclasp.]

Defn: To clasp within; to hold fast to; to embrace or encircle.
[Written also enclasp.]
The flattering ivy who did ever see Inclasp the huge trunk of an aged
tree. F. Beaumont.

INCLAUDENT
In*clau"dent, a.

Defn: Not closing or shutting.

INCLAVATED
In"cla*va`ted, a. Etym: [LL. inclavatus; L. pref. in- in + clavare to
fasten with nails, fr. clavus nail.]

Defn: Set; fast; fixed. Dr. John Smith.

INCLAVE
In*clave", a. Etym: [See Inclavated.] (Her.)

Defn: Resembling a series of dovetails; -- said of a line of
division, such as the border of an ordinary.

INCLE
In"cle, n.

Defn: Same as Inkle.

INCLEMENCY
In*clem"en*cy, n.; pl. Inclemencies. Etym: [L. inclementia: cf. F.
inclémence.]

1. The state or quality of being inclement; want of clemency; want of
mildness of temper; unmercifulness; severity.
The inclemency of the late pope. Bp. Hall.

2. Physical severity or harshness (commonly in respect to the
elements or weather); roughness; storminess; rigor; severe cold,
wind, rain, or snow.
The inclemencies of morning air. Pope.
The rude inclemency of wintry skies. Cowper.

Syn.
 -- Harshness; severity; cruelty; rigor; roughness; storminess;
boisterousness.

INCLEMENT
In*clem"ent, a. Etym: [L. inclemens; pref. in- not + clemens mild:
cf. F. inclément. See Clement.]

1. Not clement; destitute of a mild and kind temper; void of
tenderness; unmerciful; severe; harsh.

2. Physically severe or harsh (generally restricted to the elements
or weather); rough; boisterous; stormy; rigorously cold, etc.; as,
inclement weather. Cowper.
The guard the wretched from the inclement sky. Pope.
Teach us further by what means to shun The inclement seasons, rain,
ice, hail, and snow! Milton.

INCLEMENTLY
In*clem"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inclement manner.

INCLINABLE
In*clin"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. inclinabilis. See Incline.]

1. Leaning; tending.
Likely and inclinable to fall. Bentley.

2. Having a propensity of will or feeling; leaning in disposition;
disposed; propense; as, a mind inclinable to truth.
Whatsoever other sins he may be inclinable to. South.
The very constitution of a multitude is not so inclinable to save as
to destroy. Fuller.

INCLINABLENESS
In*clin"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being inclinable; inclination.

INCLINATION
In`cli*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. inclinatio: cf. F. inclination.]

1. The act of inclining, or state of being inclined; a leaning; as,
an inclination of the head.

2. A direction or tendency from the true vertical or horizontal
direction; as, the inclination of a column, or of a road bed.

3. A tendency towards another body or point

4. (Geom.)

Defn: The angle made by two lines or planes; as, the inclination of
the plane of the earth's equator to the plane of the ecliptic is
about 23º 28'; the inclination of two rays of light.

5. A leaning or tendency of the mind, feelings, preferences, or will;
propensity; a disposition more favorable to one thing than to
another; favor; desire; love.
A mere inclination to a thing is not properly a willing of that
thing. South.
How dost thou find the inclination of the people Shak.

6. A person or thing loved or admired. Sir W. Temple.

7. (Pharm.)

Defn: Decantation, or tipping for pouring. Inclination compass, an
inclinometer.
 -- Inclination of an orbit (Astron.), the angle which the orbit
makes the ecliptic.
 -- Inclination of the needle. See Dip of the needle, under Dip.

Syn.
 -- Bent; tendency; proneness; bias; proclivity; propensity;
prepossession; predilection; attachment; desire; affection; love. See
Bent, and cf. Disposition.

INCLINATORY
In*clin"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Having the quality of leaning or inclining; as, the inclinatory
needle.
 -- In*clin"a*to*ri*ly, adv. Sir T. Browne.

INCLINE
In*cline", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inclined; p. pr. & vb. n. Inclining.]
Etym: [OE. inclinen, enclinen, OF. encliner, incliner, F. incliner,
L. inclinare; pref. in- in + clinare to bend, incline; akin to E.
lean. See Lean to incline.]

1. To deviate from a line, direction, or course, toward an object; to
lean; to tend; as, converging lines incline toward each other; a road
inclines to the north or south.

2. Fig.: To lean or tend, in an intellectual or moral sense; to favor
an opinion, a course of conduct, or a person; to have a propensity or
inclination; to be disposed.
Their hearts inclined to follow Abimelech. Judges ix. 3.
Power finds its balance, giddy motions cease In both the scales, and
each inclines to peace. Parnell.

3. To bow; to incline the head. Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- To lean; slope; slant; tend; bend.

INCLINE
In*cline", v. t.

1. To cause to deviate from a line, position, or direction; to give a
leaning, bend, or slope to; as, incline the column or post to the
east; incline your head to the right.
Incline thine ear, O Lord, and hear. Is. xxxvii. 17.

2. To impart a tendency or propensity to, as to the will or
affections; to turn; to dispose; to influence.
Incline my heart unto thy testimonies. Ps. cxix. 36.
Incline our hearts to keep this law. Book of Com. Prayer.

3. To bend; to cause to stoop or bow; as, to incline the head or the
body in acts of reverence or civility.
With due respect my body I inclined. Dryden.

INCLINE
In*cline", n.

Defn: An inclined plane; an ascent o

INCLINED
In*clined", p. p. & a.

1. Having a leaning or tendency towards, or away from, a thing;
disposed or moved by wish, desire, or judgment; as, a man inclined to
virtue. "Each pensively inclined." Cowper.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Making an angle with some line or plane; -- said of a line or
plane.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Bent out of a perpendicular position, or into a curve with the
convex side uppermost. Inclined plane. (Mech.) (a) A plane that makes
an oblique angle with the plane of the horizon; a sloping plane. When
used to produce pressure, or as a means of moving bodies, it is one
of the mechanical powers, so called. (b) (Railroad & Canal) An
inclined portion of track, on which trains or boats are raised or
lowered from one level to another.

INCLINER
In*clin"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, inclines; specifically, an inclined
dial.

INCLINING
In*clin"ing, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Inclined, 3.

INCLINING
In*clin"ing, n.

1. Inclination; disposition.
On the first inclining towards sleep. Burke.

2. Party or side chosen; a following.
Both you of my inclining, and the rest. Shak.

INCLINNOMETER
In`clin*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Incline + -meter.] (Magnetism)

Defn: An apparatus to determine the inclination of the earth's
magnetic force to the plane of the horizon; -- called also
inclination compass, and dip circle.

INCLIP
In*clip", v. t.

Defn: To clasp; to inclose.
Whate'er the ocean pales, or sky inclips. Shak.

INCLOISTER
In*clois"ter, v. t. Etym: [Pref. in- in + cloister: cf. F.
encloîtrer. Cf. Encloister.]

Defn: To confine as in a cloister; to cloister. Lovelace.

INCLOSE
In*close", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inclosed; p. pr. & vb. n. Inclosing.]
Etym: [See Enclose, and cf. Include.] [Written also enclose.]

1. To surround; to shut in; to confine on all sides; to include; to
shut up; to encompass; as, to inclose a fort or an army with troops;
to inclose a town with walls.
How many evils have inclosed me round! Milton.

2. To put within a case, envelope, or the like; to fold (a thing)
within another or into the same parcel; as, to inclose a letter or a
bank note.
The inclosed copies of the treaty. Sir W. Temple.

3. To separate from common grounds by a fence; as, to inclose lands.
Blackstone.

4. To put into harness; to harness. [Obs.]
They went to coach and their horse inclose. Chapman.

INCLOSER
In*clos"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, incloses; one who fences off land from
common grounds.

INCLOSURE
In*clo"sure, n. Etym: [See Inclose, Enclosure.] [Written also
enclosure.]

1. The act of inclosing; the state of being inclosed, shut up, or
encompassed; the separation of land from common ground by a fence.

2. That which is inclosed or placed within something; a thing
contained; a space inclosed or fenced up.
Within the inclosure there was a great store of houses. Hakluyt.

3. That which incloses; a barrier or fence.
Breaking our inclosures every morn. W. Browne.

INCLOUD
In*cloud", v. t.

Defn: To envelop as in clouds; to darken; to obscure. Milton.

INCLUDE
In*clude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Included; p. pr. & vb. n. Including.]
Etym: [L. includere, inclusum; pref. in- in + claudere to shut. See
Close, and cf. Enclose.]

1. To confine within; to hold; to contain; to shut up; to inclose;
as, the shell of a nut includes the kernel; a pearl is included in a
shell.

2. To comprehend or comprise, as a genus the species, the whole a
part, an argument or reason the inference; to contain; to embrace;
as, this volume of Shakespeare includes his sonnets; he was included
in the invitation to the family; to and including page twenty-five.
The whole included race, his purposed prey. Milton.
The loss of such a lord includes all harm. Shak.

3. To conclude; to end; to terminate. [Obs.]
Come, let us go; we will include all jars With triumphs, mirth, and
rare solemnity. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To contain; inclose; comprise; comprehend; embrace; involve.

INCLUDED
In*clud"ed, a.

Defn: Inclosed; confined. Included stamens (Bot.), such as are
shorter than the floral envelopes, or are concealed within them.

INCLUDIBLE
In*clud"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being included.

INCLUSA
In*clu"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. inclusus, p. p. of includere to
shut in.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of bivalve mollusks, characterized by the closed state
of the mantle which envelops the body. The ship borer (Teredo
navalis) is an example.

INCLUSION
In*clu"sion, n. Etym: [L. inclusio: cf. F. inclusion. See Include.]

1. The act of including, or the state of being included; limitation;
restriction; as, the lines of inclusion of his policy. Sir W. Temple.

2. (Min.)

Defn: A foreign substance, either liquid or solid, usually of minute
size, inclosed in the mass of a mineral.

INCLUSIVE
In*clu"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. inclusif.]

1. Inclosing; encircling; surrounding.
The inclusive verge Of golden metal that must round my brow. Shak.

2. Comprehending the stated limit or extremes; as, from Monday to
Saturday inclusive, that is, taking in both Monday and Saturday; --
opposed to exclusive.

INCLUSIVELY
In*clu"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inclusive manner.

INCOACH
In*coach", v. t.

Defn: To put a coach.

INCOACT; INCOACTED
In`co*act", In`co*act"ed, a. Etym: [L. incoactus; pref. in- not +
coactus forced. See Coact.]

Defn: Not compelled; unconstrained. [Obs.] Coles.

INCOAGULABLE
In`co*ag"u*la*ble, a.

Defn: Not coagulable.

INCOALESCENCE
In`co*a*les"cence, n.

Defn: The state of not coalescing.

INCOCTED
In*coct"ed, a. Etym: [Cf. Concoct.]

Defn: Raw; indigestible. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

INCOERCIBLE
In`co*er"ci*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + coercible: cf. F.
incoercible.]

1. Not to be coerced; incapable of being compelled or forced.

2. (Physics)

Defn: Not capable of being reduced to the form of a liquid by
pressure; -- said of any gas above its critical point; -- also
particularly of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide,
formerly regarded as incapable of liquefaction at any temperature or
pressure.

3. (Physics)

Defn: That can note be confined in, or excluded from, vessels, like
ordinary fluids, gases, etc.; -- said of the imponderable fluids,
heat, light, electricity, etc.

INCOEXISTENCE
In`co*ex*ist"ence, n.

Defn: The state of not coexisting. [Obs.] Locke.

INCOG
In*cog", adv.

Defn: Incognito. [Colloq.]
Depend upon it -- he'll remain incog. Addison.

INCOGITABLE
In*cog"i*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. incogitabilis; pref. in- not +
cogitabilis cogitable.]

Defn: Not cogitable; inconceivable. Sir T. More.

INCOGITANCE; INCOGITANCY
In*cog"i*tance, In*cog"i*tan*cy, n. Etym: [L. incogitantia.]

Defn: Want of thought, or of the power of thinking; thoughtlessness;
unreasonableness.
'T is folly and incogitancy to argue anything, one way or the other,
from the designs of a sort of beings with whom we so little
communicate. Glanvill.

INCOGITANT
In*cog"i*tant, a. Etym: [L. incogitans; pref. in- not + cogitans, p.
pr. of cogitare to think. See Cogitate.]

Defn: Toughtless; inconsiderate. [R.] Milton.
Men are careless and incogitant. J. Goodman.

INCOGITANTLY
In*cog"i*tant*ly, adv.

Defn: In an incogitant manner.

INCOGITATIVE
In*cog"i*ta*tive, a.

Defn: Not cogitative; not thinking; wanting the power of thought; as,
a vegetable is an incogitative being. Locke.

INCOGITATIVITY
In*cog`i*ta*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being incogitative; want of thought or of the
power of thinking. Wollaston.

INCOGNITA
In*cog"ni*ta, n. Etym: [See Incognito.]

1. A woman who is unknown or in disguise.

2. The state of being in disguise; -- said of a woman.

INCOGNITANT
In*cog"ni*tant, a.

Defn: Ignorant. [Obs.]

INCOGNITO
In*cog"ni*to, a. or adv. Etym: [It. incognito, masc., incognita,
fem., L. incognitus unknown; pref. in- not + cognitus known, p. p. of
cognoscere: cf. F. incognito, fr. It. See Cognition.]

Defn: Without being known; in disguise; in an assumed character, or
under an assumed title; -- said esp. of great personages who
sometimes adopt a disguise or an assumed character in order to avoid
notice.
'T was long ago Since gods come down incognito. Prior.
The prince royal of Persia came thither incognito. Tatler.

INCOGNITO
In*cog"ni*to, n.; pl. Incognitos. Etym: [See Incognito, a.]

1. One unknown or in disguise, or under an assumed character or name.

2. The assumption of disguise or of a feigned character; the state of
being in disguise or not recognized.
His incognito was endangered. Sir W. Scott.

INCOGNIZABLE
In*cog"ni*za*ble, a.

Defn: Not cognizable; incapable of being recognized, known, or
distinguished. H. Spenser.
The Lettish race, not a primitive stock of the Slavi, but a distinct
branch, now become incognizable. Tooke.

INCOGNIZANCE
In*cog"ni*zance, n.

Defn: Failure to cognize, apprehended, or notice.
This incognizance may be explained. Sir W. Hamilton.

INCOGNIZANT
In*cog"ni*zant, a.

Defn: Not cognizant; failing to apprehended or notice.
Of the several operations themselves, as acts of volition, we are
wholly incognizant. Sir W. Hamilton.

INCOGNOSCIBLE
In`cog*nos"ci*ble, a.

Defn: Incognizable.
 -- In`cog*nos"ci*bil"i*ty, n.

INCOHERENCE; INCOHERENCY
In`co*her"ence, In`co*her"en*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. incohérence.]

1. The quality or state of being incoherent; want of coherence; want
of cohesion or adherence. Boyle.

2. Want of connection; incongruity; inconsistency; want of agreement
or dependence of one part on another; as, the incoherence of
arguments, facts, etc.
Incoherences in matter, and suppositions without proofs, put
handsomely together, are apt to pass for strong reason. Locke.

3. That which is incoherent.
Crude incoherencies . . . and nauseous tautologies. South.

INCOHERENT
In`co*her"ent, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + coherent: cf. F.
incohérent.]

1. Not coherent; wanting cohesion; loose; unconnected; physically
disconnected; not fixed to each; -- said of material substances.
Woodward.

2. Wanting coherence or agreement; incongruous; inconsistent; having
no dependence of one part on another; logically disconnected. "The
same rambling, incoherent manner." Bp. Warburton.

INCOHERENTIFIC
In`co*her`en*tif"ic, a. Etym: [E. incoherent + L. facere to make.]

Defn: Causing incoherence. [R.]

INCOHERENTLY
In`co*her"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an incoherent manner; without due connection of parts.

INCOHERENTNESS
In`co*her"ent*ness, n.

Defn: Incoherence.

INCOINCIDENCE
In`co*in"ci*dence, n.

Defn: The quality of being incoincident; want of coincidence. [R.]

INCOINCIDENT
In`co*in"ci*dent, a.

Defn: Not coincident; not agreeing in time, in place, or principle.

INCOLUMITY
In`co*lu"mi*ty, n. Etym: [L. incolumitas, fr. incolumis uninjured,
safe; perh. fr. in intens. + (doubtful) columis safe.]

Defn: Safety; security. [Obs.] Howell.

INCOMBER
In*com"ber, v. t.

Defn: See Encumber.

INCOMBINE
In`com*bine", v. i.

Defn: To be incapable of combining; to disagree; to differ. [Obs.]
Milton.

INCOMBUSTIBILITY
In`com*bus`ti*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. incombustilité.]

Defn: The quality of being incombustible.

INCOMBUSTIBLE
In`com*bus"ti*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + combustible: cf. F.
incombustible.]

Defn: Not combustible; not capable of being burned, decomposed, or
consumed by fire; uninflammable; as, asbestus is an incombustible
substance; carbon dioxide is an incombustible gas. Incombustible
cloth, a tissue of amianthus or asbestus; also, a fabric imbued with
an incombustible substance.
 -- In`com*bus"ti*ble*ness, n.
 -- In`com*bus"ti*bly, adv.

INCOME
In"come, n.

1. A coming in; entrance; admittance; ingress; infusion. [Obs.] Shak.
More abundant incomes of light and strength from God. Bp. Rust.
At mine income I louted low. Drant.

2. That which is caused to enter; inspiration; influence; hence,
courage or zeal imparted. [R.]
I would then make in and steep My income in their blood. Chapman.

3. That gain which proceeds from labor, business, property, or
capital of any kind, as the produce of a farm, the rent of houses,
the proceeds of professional business, the profits of commerce or of
occupation, or the interest of money or stock in funds, etc.;
revenue; receipts; salary; especially, the annual receipts of a
private person, or a corporation, from property; as, a large income.
No fields afford So large an income to the village lord. Dryden.

4. (Physiol.)

Defn: That which is taken into the body as food; the ingesta; --
sometimes restricted to the nutritive, or digestible, portion of the
food. See Food. Opposed to output. Income bond, a bond issued on the
income of the corporation or company issuing it, and the interest of
which is to be paid from the earnings of the company before any
dividends are made to stockholders; -- issued chiefly or exclusively
by railroad companies.
 -- Income tax, a tax upon a person's incomes, emoluments, profits,
etc., or upon the excess beyond a certain amount.

Syn.
 -- Gain; profit; proceeds; salary; revenue; receipts; interest;
emolument; produce.

INCOMER
In"com`er, n.

1. One who comes in.
Outgoers and incomers. Lew Wallace.

2. One who succeeds another, as a tenant of land, houses, etc. [Eng.]

INCOMING
In"com`ing, a.

1. Coming in; accruing.
A full incoming profit on the product of his labor. Burke.

2. Coming in, succeeding, or following, as occupant or possessor; as,
in incoming tenant.

INCOMING
In"com`ing, n.

1. The act of coming in; arrival.
The incomings and outgoings of the trains. Dickens.

2. Income; gain. [R.]
Many incomings are subject to great fluctuations. Tooke.

INCOMITY
In*com"i*ty, n.

Defn: Want of comity; incivility; rudeness. [R.]

IN COMMENDAM
In com*men"dam. Etym: [See Commendam.] (Law)

Defn: See Commendam, and Partnership in Commendam, under Partnership.

INCOMMENSURABILITY
In`com*men`su*ra*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. incommensurabilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being incommensurable. Reid.

INCOMMENSURABLE
In`com*men"su*ra*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + commensurable: cf. F.
incommensurable.]

Defn: Not commensurable; having no common measure or standard of
comparison; as, quantities are incommensurable when no third quantity
can be found that is an aliquot part of both; the side and diagonal
of a square are incommensurable with each other; the diameter and
circumference of a circle are incommensurable.
They are quantities incommensurable. Burke.
-- In`com*men"su*ra*ble*ness, n.
 -- In`com*men"su*ra*bly, adv.

INCOMMENSURABLE
In`com*men"su*ra*ble, n.

Defn: One of two or more quantities which have no common measure.

INCOMMENSURATE
In`com*men"su*rate, a.

1. Not commensurate; not admitting of a common measure;
incommensurable.

2. Not of equal of sufficient measure or extent; not adequate; as,
our means are incommensurate to our wants.

Syn.
 -- Inadequate; insufficient; disproportionate.
 -- In`com*men"su*rate*ly, adv.
 -- In`com*men"su*rate*ness, n.

INCOMMISCIBLE
In`com*mis"ci*ble, a. Etym: [L. incommiscibilis; pref. in- not +
commiscibilis that can be mingled.]

Defn: Not commiscible; not mixable.

INCOMMIXTURE
In`com*mix"ture, n.

Defn: A state of being unmixed; separateness. Sir T. Browne.

INCOMMODATE
In*com"mo*date, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incommodated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Incommodating.] Etym: [L. incommodare. See Incommode.]

Defn: To incommode. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

INCOMMODATION
In*com`mo*da"tion, n.

Defn: The state of being incommoded; inconvenience. [Obs.]

INCOMMODE
In`com*mode", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incommoded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Incommoding.] Etym: [F. incommoder, L. incommodare inconvenient;
pref. in- not + commodus convenient. See Commodious.]

Defn: To give inconvenience or trouble to; to disturb or molest; to
discommode; to worry; to put out; as, we are incommoded by want of
room.

Syn.
 -- To annoy; disturb; trouble; molest; disaccomodate; inconvenience;
disquiet; vex; plague.

INCOMMODE
In`com*mode", n.

Defn: An inconvenience. [R.] Strype.

INCOMMODEMENT
In`com*mode"ment, n.

Defn: The act of incommoded. [Obs.] Cheyne.

INCOMMODIOUS
In`com*mo"di*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + commodious: cf. LL.
incommodious, L. incommodus, F. incommode.]

Defn: Tending to incommode; not commodious; not affording ease or
advantage; unsuitable; giving trouble; inconvenient; annoying; as, an
incommodious seat; an incommodious arrangement.
 -- In`com*mo"di*ous*ly, adv.
 -- In`com*mo"di*ous*ness, n.

INCOMMODITY
In`com*mo"di*ty, n.; pl. Incommodities. Etym: [L. incommoditas: cf.
F. incommodité. See Incommodious.]

Defn: Inconvenience; trouble; annoyance; disadvantage; encumbrance.
[Archaic] Bunyan.
A great incommodity to the body. Jer. Taylor.
Buried him under a bulk of incommodities. Hawthorne.

INCOMMUNICABILITY
In`com*mu`ni*ca*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. incommunicabilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being incommunicable, or incapable of
being imparted.

INCOMMUNICABLE
In`com*mu"ni*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. incommunicabilis: cf. F.
incommunicable. See In- not, and Communicable.]

Defn: Not communicable; incapable of being communicated, shared,
told, or imparted, to others.
Health and understanding are incommunicable. Southey.
Those incommunicable relations of the divine love. South.
-- In`com*mu"ni*ca*ble*ness, n.
 -- In`com*mu"ni*ca*bly, adv.

INCOMMUNICATED
In`com*mu"ni*ca`ted, a.

Defn: Not communicated or imparted. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

INCOMMUNICATING
In`com*mu"ni*ca`ting, a.

Defn: Having no communion or intercourse with each other. [Obs.] Sir
M. Hale.

INCOMMUNICATIVE
In`com*mu"ni*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Not communicative; not free or apt to impart to others in
conversation; reserved; silent; as, the messenger was
incommunicative; hence, not disposed to hold fellowship or
intercourse with others; exclusive.
The Chinese . . . an incommunicative nation. C. Buchanan.
-- In`com*mu"ni*ca*tive*ly, adv.
 -- In`com*mu"ni*ca*tive*ness, n. Lamb.
His usual incommunicativeness. G. Eliot.

INCOMMUTABILITY
In`com*mu`ta*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. incommutabilitas: cf. F.
incommutabilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being incommutable.

INCOMMUTABLE
In`com*mut"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. incommutabilis: cf. F. incommutable.
See In- not, and Commutable.]

Defn: Not commutable; not capable of being exchanged with, or
substituted for, another. Cudworth.
 -- In`com*mut"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- In`com*mut"a*bly, adv.

INCOMPACT; INCOMPACTED
In`com*pact", In`com*pact"ed, a.

Defn: Not compact; not having the parts firmly united; not solid;
incoherent; loose; discrete. Boyle.

INCOMPARABLE
In*com"pa*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. incomparabilis: cf. F. incomparable.
See In- not, and Comparable.]

Defn: Not comparable; admitting of no comparison with others;
unapproachably eminent; without a peer or equal; matchless; peerless;
transcendent.
A merchant of incomparable wealth. Shak.
A new hypothesis . . . which hath the incomparable Sir Isaac Newton
for a patron. Bp. Warburton.
-- In*com"pa*ra*ble*ness, n.
 -- In*com"pa*ra*bly, adv.
Delights incomparably all those corporeal things. Bp. Wilkins.

INCOMPARED
In`com*pared", a.

Defn: Peerless; incomparable. [Obs.] Spenser.

INCOMPASS
In*com"pass, v. t.

Defn: See Encompass.

INCOMPASSION
In`com*pas"sion, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + compassion: cf. F.
incompassion.]

Defn: Want of compassion or pity. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.

INCOMPASSIONATE
In`com*pas"sion*ate, a.

Defn: Not compassionate; void of pity or of tenderness; remorseless.
 -- In`com*pas"sion*ate*ly, adv.
 -- In`com*pas"sion*ate*ness, n.

INCOMPATIBILITY
In`com*pat`i*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. -ties (. Etym: [Cf. F.
incompatibilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being incompatible; inconsistency;
irreconcilableness.

INCOMPATIBLE
In`com*pat"i*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + compatible: cf. F.
incompatible.] [It was formerly sometimes written incompetible.]

1. Not compatible; so differing as to be incapable of harmonious
combination or coexistence; inconsistent in thought or being;
irreconcilably disagreeing; as, persons of incompatible tempers;
incompatible colors, desires, ambition.
A strength and obduracy of character incompatible with his meek and
innocent nature. Southey.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Incapable of being together without mutual reaction or
decomposition, as certain medicines. Incompatible terms (Logic),
terms which can not be combined in thought.

Syn.
 -- Inconsistent; incongruous; dissimilar; irreconcilable;
unsuitable; disagreeing; inharmonious; discordant; repugnant;
contradictory. See Inconsistent.

INCOMPATIBLE
In`com*pat"i*ble, n. (Med. & Chem.)

Defn: An incompatible substance; esp., in pl., things which can not
be placed or used together because of a change of chemical
composition or of opposing medicinal qualities; as, the incompatibles
of iron.

INCOMPATIBLENESS
In`com*pat"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being incompatible; incompatibility.

INCOMPATIBLY
In`com*pat"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In an incompatible manner; inconsistently; incongruously.

INCOMPETENCE; INCOMPETENCY
In*com"pe*tence, In*com"pe*tency, n. Etym: [Cf. F. incompétence.]

1. The quality or state of being incompetent; want of physical,
intellectual, or moral ability; insufficiency; inadequacy; as, the
incompetency of a child hard labor, or of an idiot for intellectual
efforts. "Some inherent incompetency." Gladstone.

2. (Law)

Defn: Want of competency or legal fitness; incapacity;
disqualification, as of a person to be heard as a witness, or to act
as a juror, or of a judge to try a cause.

Syn.
 -- Inability; insufficiency; inadequacy; disqualification;
incapability; unfitness.

INCOMPETENT
In*com"pe*tent, a. Etym: [L. incompetens: cf. F. incompétent. See In-
not, and Competent.]

1. Not competent; wanting in adequate strength, power, capacity,
means, qualifications, or the like; incapable; unable; inadequate;
unfit.
Incompetent to perform the duties of the place. Macaulay.

2. (Law)

Defn: Wanting the legal or constitutional qualifications;
inadmissible; as, a person professedly wanting in religious belief is
an incompetent witness in a court of law or equity; incompetent
evidence.
Richard III. had a resolution, out of hatred to his brethren, to
disable their issues, upon false and incompetent pretexts, the one of
attainder, the other of illegitimation. Bacon.

3. Not lying within one's competency, capacity, or authorized power;
not permissible.

Syn.
 -- Incapable; unable; inadequate; insufficient; inefficient;
disqualified; unfit; improper.
 -- Incompetent, Incapable. Incompetent is a relative term, denoting
a want of the requisite qualifications for performing a given act,
service, etc.; incapable is absolute in its meaning, denoting want of
power, either natural or moral. We speak of a man as incompetent to a
certain task, of an incompetent judge, etc. We say of an idiot that
he is incapable of learning to read; and of a man distinguished for
his honor, that he is incapable of a mean action.

INCOMPETENTLY
In*com"pe*tent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an competent manner; inadequately; unsuitably.

INCOMPETIBILITY
In`com*pet`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: See Incompatibility.

INCOMPETIBLE
In`com*pet"i*ble, a.

Defn: See Incompatible.

INCOMPLETE
In`com*plete", a. Etym: [L. incompletus: cf. F. incomplet. See In-
not, and Complete.]

1. Not complete; not filled up; not finished; not having all its
parts, or not having them all adjusted; imperfect; defective.
A most imperfect and incomplete divine. Milton.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Wanting any of the usual floral organs; -- said of a flower.
Incomplete equation (Alg.), an equation some of whose terms are
wanting; or one in which the coefficient of some one or more of the
powers of the unknown quantity is equal to 0.

INCOMPLETELY
In`com*plete"ly, adv.

Defn: In an incomplete manner.

INCOMPLETENESS
In`com*plete"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being incomplete; imperfectness; defectiveness.
Boyle.

INCOMPLETION
In`com*ple"tion, n.

Defn: Want of completion; incompleteness. Smart.

INCOMPLEX
In`com*plex", a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + complex: cf. F. incomplexe.]

Defn: Not complex; uncompounded; simple. Barrow.

INCOMPLIABLE
In`com*pli"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not compliable; not conformable.

INCOMPLIANCE
In`com*pli"ance, n.

1. The quality or state of being incompliant; unyielding temper;
obstinacy.
Self-conceit produces peevishness and incompliance of humor in things
lawful and indifferent. Tillotson.

2. Refusal or failure to comply. Strype.

INCOMPLIANT
In`com*pli"ant, a.

Defn: Not compliant; unyielding to request, solicitation, or command;
stubborn.
 -- In`com*pli"ant*ly, adv.

INCOMPOSED
In`com*posed", a.

Defn: Disordered; disturbed. [Obs.] Milton.
 -- In`com*po"sed*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- In`com*pos"ed*ness, n. [Obs.]

INCOMPOSITE
In`com*pos"ite, a. Etym: [L. incompositus. See Composite.]

Defn: Not composite; uncompounded; simple. Incomposite numbers. See
Prime numbers, under Prime.

INCOMPOSSIBLE
In`com*pos"si*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + compossible: cf. F.
incompossible.]

Defn: Not capable of joint existence; incompatible; inconsistent.
[Obs.]
Ambition and faith . . . are . . . incompossible. Jer. Taylor.
-- In`com*pos`si*bil"i*ty, n. [Obs.]

INCOMPREHENSE
In*com`pre*hense", a. Etym: [L. incomprehensus.]

Defn: Incomprehensible. [Obs.] "Incomprehense in virtue." Marston.

INCOMPREHENSIBILITY
In*com`pre*hen`si*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. incompréhensibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being incomprehensible, or beyond the reach of
human intellect; incomprehensibleness; inconceivability;
inexplicability.
The constant, universal sense of all antiquity unanimously confessing
an incomprehensibility in many of the articles of the Christian
faith. South.

INCOMPREHENSIBLE
In*com`pre*hen"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. incomprehensibilis: cf. F.
incompréhensible. See In- not, and Comprehensible.]

1. Not capable of being contained within limits.
An infinite and incomprehensible substance. Hooker.

2. Not capable of being comprehended or understood; beyond the reach
of the human intellect; inconceivable.
And all her numbered stars that seem to roll Spaces incomprehensible.
Milton.
-- In*com`pre*hen"si*ble*ness, n.
 -- In*com`pre*hen"si*bly, adv.

INCOMPREHENSION
In*com`pre*hen"sion, n.

Defn: Want of comprehension or understanding. "These mazes and
incomprehensions." Bacon.

INCOMPREHENSIVE
In*com`pre*hen"sive, a.

Defn: Not comprehensive; not capable of including or of
understanding; not extensive; limited.
 -- In*com`pre*hen"sive*ly, a. Sir W. Hamilton.
 -- In*com`pre*hen"sive*ness, n. T. Warton.

INCOMPRESSIBILITY
In`com*press`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. incompressibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being incompressible, or incapable of reduction
in volume by pressure; -- formerly supposed to be a property of
liquids.
The incompressibility of water is not absolute. Rees.

INCOMPRESSIBLE
In`com*press"i*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + compressible: cf. F.
incompressible.]

Defn: Not compressible; incapable of being reduced by force or
pressure into a smaller compass or volume; resisting compression; as,
many liquids and solids appear to be almost incompressible.
 -- In`com*press"i*ble*ness, n.

INCOMPUTABLE
In`com*put"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not computable.

INCONCEALABLE
In`con*ceal"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not concealable. "Inconcealable imperfections." Sir T. Browne.

INCONCEIVABILITY
In`con*ceiv`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being inconceivable; inconceivableness.
The inconceivability of the Infinite. Mansel.

INCONCEIVABLE
In`con*ceiv"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + conceivable: cf. F.
inconcevable.]

Defn: Not conceivable; incapable of being conceived by the mind; not
explicable by the human intellect, or by any known principles or
agencies; incomprehensible; as, it is inconceivable to us how the
will acts in producing muscular motion.
It is inconceivable to me that a spiritual substance should represent
an extended figure. Locke.
-- In`con*ceiv"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- In`con*ceiv"a*bly, adv.
The inconceivableness of a quality existing without any subject to
possess it. A. Tucker.

INCONCEPTIBLE
In`con*cep"ti*ble, a.

Defn: Inconceivable. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

INCONCERNING
In`con*cern"ing, a.

Defn: Unimportant; trifling. [Obs.] "Trifling and inconcerning
matters." Fuller.

INCONCINNE
In`con*cinne", a. Etym: [See Inconcinnous.]

Defn: Dissimilar; incongruous; unsuitable. [Obs.] Cudworth.

INCONCINNITY
In`con*cin"ni*ty, n. Etym: [L. inconcinnitas.]

Defn: Want of concinnity or congruousness; unsuitableness.
There is an inconcinnity in admitting these words. Trench.

INCONCINNOUS
In`con*cin"nous, a. Etym: [L. inconcinnus. See In- not, and
Concinnity.]

Defn: Not concinnous; unsuitable; discordant. [Obs.] Cudworth.

INCONCLUDENT
In`con*clud"ent, a.

Defn: Not inferring a conclusion or consequence; not conclusive.
[Obs.]

INCONCLUDING
In`con*clud"ing, a.

Defn: Inferring no consequence. [Obs.]

INCONCLUSIVE
In`con*clu"sive, a.

Defn: Not conclusive; leading to no conclusion; not closing or
settling a point in debate, or a doubtful question; as, evidence is
inconclusive when it does not exhibit the truth of a disputed case in
such a manner as to satisfy the mind, and put an end to debate or
doubt.
Arguments . . . inconclusive and impertinent. South.
-- In`con*clu"sive*ly, adv.
 -- In`con*clu"sive*ness, n.

INCONCOCT
In`con*coct", a. Etym: [L. pref. in- not + concoctus, p. p. of
concoquere. See Concoct.]

Defn: Inconcocted. [Obs.]

INCONCOCTED
In`con*coct"ed, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + concocted.]

Defn: Imperfectly digested, matured, or ripened. [Obs.] Bacon.

INCONCOCTION
In`con*coc"tion, n.

Defn: The state of being undigested; unripeness; immaturity. [Obs.]
Bacon.

INCONCRETE
In*con"crete, a. Etym: [L. inconcretus incorporeal.]

Defn: Not concrete. [R.] L. Andrews.

INCONCURRING
In`con*cur"ring, a.

Defn: Not concurring; disagreeing. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

INCONCUSSIBLE
In`con*cus"si*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + L. concussibilis that
can be shaken. See Concussion.]

Defn: Not concussible; that cannot be shaken.

INCONDENSABILITY; INCONDENSIBILITY
In`con*den`sa*bil"i*ty, In`con*den`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being incondensable.

INCONDENSABLE; INCONDENSIBLE
In`con*den"sa*ble, In`con*den"si*ble, a.

Defn: Not condensable; incapable of being made more dense or compact,
or reduced to liquid form.

INCONDITE
In"con*dite, a. Etym: [L. inconditus; pref. in- not + conditus, p. p.
of condere to put or join together. See Condition.]

Defn: Badly put together; inartificial; rude; unpolished; irregular.
"Carol incondite rhymes." J. Philips.

INCONDITIONAL
In`con*di"tion*al, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + conditional: cf. F.
inconditionnel.]

Defn: Unconditional. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

INCONDITIONATE
In`con*di"tion*ate, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + conditionate: cf. F.
inconditionné.]

Defn: Not conditioned; not limited; absolute. [Obs.] Boyle.

INCONFORM
In`con*form", a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + conform.]

Defn: Unconformable. [Obs.] Gauden.

INCONFORMABLE
In`con*form"a*ble, a.

Defn: Unconformable. [Obs.]

INCONFORMITY
In`con*form"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inconformité.]

Defn: Want of conformity; nonconformity. [Obs.]

INCONFUSED
In`con*fused", a.

Defn: Not confused; distinct. [Obs.]

INCONFUSION
In`con*fu"sion n.

Defn: Freedom from confusion; distinctness. [Obs.] Bacon.

INCONFUTABLE
In`con*fut"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not confutable.
 -- In`con*fut"a*bly, adv. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

INCONGEALABLE
In`con*geal"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. incongelabilis. See Congeal.]

Defn: Not congealable; incapable of being congealed.
 -- In`con*geal"a*ble*ness, n.

INCONGENIAL
In`con*gen"ial, a.

Defn: Not congenial; uncongenial. [R.] -- In`con*ge`ni*al"i*ty. [R.]

INCONGRUENCE
In*con"gru*ence, n. Etym: [L. incongruentia.]

Defn: Want of congruence; incongruity. Boyle.

INCONGRUENT
In*con"gru*ent, a. Etym: [L. incongruens. See In- not, and
Congruent.]

Defn: Incongruous. Sir T. Elyot.

INCONGRUITY
In`con*gru"i*ty, n.; pl. Incongruities. Etym: [Pref. in- not +
congruity: cf. F. incongruité.]

1. The quality or state of being incongruous; want of congruity;
unsuitableness; inconsistency; impropriety.
The fathers make use of this acknowledgment of the incongruity of
images to the Deity, from thence to prove the incongruity of the
worship of them. Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. Disagreement of parts; want of symmetry or of harmony. [Obs.]

3. That which is incongruous; want of congruity.

INCONGRUOUS
In*con"gru*ous, a. Etym: [L. incongruus. See In- not, and Congruous.]

Defn: Not congruous; reciprocally disagreeing; not capable of
harmonizing or readily assimilating; inharmonious; inappropriate;
unsuitable; not fitting; inconsistent; improper; as, an incongruous
remark; incongruous behavior, action, dress, etc. "Incongruous
mixtures of opinions." I. Taylor. "Made up of incongruous parts."
Macaulay.
Incongruous denotes that kind of absence of harmony or suitableness
of which the taste and experience of men takes cognizance. C. J.
Smith.
Incongruous numbers (Arith.), two numbers, which, with respect to a
third, are such that their difference can not be divided by it
without a remainder, the two numbers being said to be incongruous
with respect to the third; as, twenty-five are incongruous with
respect to four.

Syn.
 -- Inconsistent; unsuitable; inharmonious; disagreeing; absurd;
inappropriate; unfit; improper. See Inconsistent.
 -- In*con"gru*ous*ly, adv.
 -- In*con"gru*ous*ness, n.

INCONNECTED
In`con*nect"ed, a.

Defn: Not connected; disconnected. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

INCONNECTION
In`con*nec"tion, n.

Defn: Disconnection.

INCONNEXEDLY
In`con*nex"ed*ly, adv. Etym: [Pref. in- not + connexed (p. p. of
connex) + -ly.]

Defn: Not connectedly; without connection. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

INCONSCIONABLE
In*con"scion*a*ble, a.

Defn: Unconscionable. [Obs.] Spenser.

INCONSCIOUS
In*con"scious, a.

Defn: Unconscious. [Obs.]

INCONSECUTIVENESS
In`con*sec"u*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of not being consecutive. J. H. Newman.

INCONSEQUENCE
In*con"se*quence, n. Etym: [L. inconsequentia: cf. F. inconséquence.]

Defn: The quality or state of being inconsequent; want of just or
logical inference or argument; inconclusiveness. Bp. Stillingfleet.
Strange, that you should not see the inconsequence of your own
reasoning! Bp. Hurd.

INCONSEQUENT
In*con"se*quent, a. Etym: [L. inconsequens: cf. F. inconséquent. See
In- not, and Consequent.]

Defn: Not following from the premises; not regularly inferred;
invalid; not characterized by logical method; illogical; arbitrary;
inconsistent; of no consequence.
Loose and inconsequent conjectures. Sir T. Browne.

INCONSEQUENTIAL
In*con`se*quen"tial, a.

Defn: Not regularly following from the premises; hence, irrelevant;
unimportant; of no consequence. Chesterfield.
 -- In*con`se*quen"tial*ly, adv.

INCONSEQUENTIALITY
In*con`se*quen`ti*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being inconsequential.

INCONSEQUENTNESS
In*con"se*quent*ness, n.

Defn: Inconsequence.

INCONSIDERABLE
In`con*sid"er*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not considerable; unworthy of consideration or notice;
unimportant; small; trivial; as, an inconsiderable distance; an
inconsiderable quantity, degree, value, or sum. "The baser scum and
inconsiderable dregs of Rome." Stepney.
 -- In`con*sid"er*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- In`con*sid"er*a*bly, adv.

INCONSIDERACY
In`con*sid"er*a*cy, n.

Defn: Inconsiderateness; thoughtlessness. [Obs.] Chesterfield.

INCONSIDERATE
In`con*sid"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. inconsideratus. See In- not, and
Considerate.]

1. Not considerate; not attentive to safety or to propriety; not
regarding the rights or feelings of others; hasty; careless;
thoughtless; heedless; as, the young are generally inconsiderate;
inconsiderate conduct.
It is a very unhappy token of our corruption, that therinconsiderate
among us as to sacrifice morality to politics. Addison.

2. Inconsiderable. [Obs.] E. Terry.

Syn.
 -- Thoughtless; inattentive; inadvertent; heedless; negligent;
improvident; careless; imprudent; indiscreet; incautious;
injudicious; rash; hasty.

INCONSIDERATELY
In`con*sid"er*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inconsiderate manner.

INCONSIDERATENESS
In`con*sid"er*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being inconsiderate. Tillotson.

INCONSIDERATION
In`con*sid`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. inconsideratio: cf. F.
inconsidération.]

Defn: Want of due consideration; inattention to consequences;
inconsiderateness.
Blindness of mind, inconsideration, precipitation. Jer. Taylor.
Not gross, willful, deliberate, crimes; but rather the effects of
inconsideration. Sharp.

INCONSISTENCE
In`con*sist"ence, n.

Defn: Inconsistency.

INCONSISTENCY
In`con*sist"en*cy, n.; pl. Inconsistencies. Etym: [Cf. F.
inconsistance.]

1. The quality or state of being inconsistent; discordance in respect
to sentiment or action; such contrariety between two things that both
can not exist or be true together; disagreement; incompatibility.
There is a perfect inconsistency between that which is of debt and
that which is of free gift. South.

2. Absurdity in argument ore narration; incoherence or
irreconcilability in the parts of a statement, argument, or
narration; that which is inconsistent.
If a man would register all his opinions upon love, politics,
religion, and learning, what a bundle of inconsistencies and
contradictions would appear at last! Swift.

3. Want of stability or uniformity; unsteadiness; changeableness;
variableness.
Mutability of temper, and inconsistency with ourselves, is the
greatest weakness of human nature. Addison.

INCONSISTENT
In`con*sist"ent, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + consistent: cf. F.
inconsistant.]

1. Not consistent; showing inconsistency; irreconcilable; discordant;
at variance, esp. as regards character, sentiment, or action;
incompatible; incongruous; contradictory.

Compositions of this nature . . . show that wisdom and virtue are far
from being inconsistent with politeness and good humor. Addison.

2. Not exhibiting uniformity of sentiment, steadiness to principle,
etc.; unequal; fickle; changeable.
Ah, how unjust to nature, and himself, Is thoughtless, thankless,
inconsistent man. Young.

Syn.
 -- Incompatible; incongruous; irreconcilable; discordant; repugnant;
contradictory.
 -- Inconsistent, Incongruous, Incompatible. Things are incongruous
when they are not suited to each other, so that their union is
unbecoming; inconsistent when they are opposed to each other, so as
render it improper or wrong; incompatible when they can not coexist,
and it is therefore impossible to unite them. Habitual levity of mind
is incongruous with the profession of a clergyman; it is inconsistent
with his ordination vows; it is incompatible with his permanent
usefulness. Incongruity attaches to the modes and qualities of
things; incompatibility attaches to their essential attributes;
inconsistency attaches to the actions, sentiments, etc., of men.

INCONSISTENTLY
In`con*sist"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inconsistent manner.

INCONSISTENTNESS
In`con*sist"ent*ness, n.

Defn: Inconsistency. [R.]

INCONSISTING
In`con*sist"ing, a.

Defn: Inconsistent. [Obs.]

INCONSOLABLE
In`con*sol"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. inconsolabilis: cf. F. inconsolable.
See In- not, and Console.]

Defn: Not consolable; incapable of being consoled; grieved beyond
susceptibility of comfort; disconsolate. Dryden.
With inconsolable distress she griev'd, And from her cheek the rose
of beauty fied. Falconer.
-- In`con*sol"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- In`con*sol"a*bly, adv.

INCONSONANCE; INCONSONANCY
In*con"so*nance, In*con"so*nan*cy, n.

Defn: Want of consonance or harmony of sound, action, or thought;
disagreement.

INCONSONANT
In*con"so*nant, a. Etym: [L. inconsonans. See In- not, and
Consonant.]

Defn: Not consonant or agreeing; inconsistent; discordant.
 -- In*con"so*nant*ly, adv.

INCONSPICUOUS
In`con*spic"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. inconspicuus. See In- not, and
Conspicuous.]

Defn: Not conspicuous or noticeable; hardly discernible.
 -- In`con*spic"u*ous*ly, adv.
 -- In`con*spic"u*ous*ness, n. Boyle.

INCONSTANCE
In*con"stance, n. Etym: [F. See Inconstancy.]

Defn: Inconstancy. Chaucer.

INCONSTANCY
In*con"stan*cy, n. Etym: [L. inconstantia.]

Defn: The quality or state of being inconstant; want of constancy;
mutability; fickleness; variableness.
For unto knight there was no greater shame, Than lightness and
inconstancie in love. Spenser.

INCONSTANT
In*con"stant, a. Etym: [L. inconstans: cf. F. inconstant. See In-
not, and Constant.]

Defn: Not constant; not stable or uniform; subject to change of
character, appearance, opinion, inclination, or purpose, etc.; not
firm; unsteady; fickle; changeable; variable; -- said of persons or
things; as, inconstant in love or friendship. "The inconstant moon."
Shak.
While we, inquiring phantoms of a day, Inconstant as the shadows we
survey! Boyse.

Syn.
 -- Mutable; fickle; volatile; unsteady; unstable; changeable;
variable; wavering; fluctuating.

INCONSTANTLY
In*con"stant*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inconstant manner.

INCONSUMABLE
In`con*sum"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not consumable; incapable of being consumed, wasted, or spent.
Paley.
 -- In`con*sum"a*bly, adv.

INCONSUMMATE
In`con*sum"mate, a. Etym: [L. inconsummatus. See In- not, and
Consummate.]

Defn: Not consummated; not finished; incomplete. Sir M. Hale.
 -- In`con*sum"mate*ness, n.

INCONSUMPTIBLE
In`con*sump"ti*ble, a. Etym: [L. inconsumptibilis.]

Defn: Inconsumable. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

INCONTAMINATE
In`con*tam"i*nate, a. Etym: [L. incontamina. See In- not, and not,
and Contaminate.]

Defn: Not contaminated; pure. Moore.
 -- In`con*tam"i*nate*ness, n.

INCONTENTATION
In*con`ten*ta"tion, n. Etym: [See In- not, and Content.]

Defn: Discontent. [Obs.] Goodwin.

INCONTESTABILITY
In`con*test`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being incontestable.

INCONTESTABLE
In`con*test"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + contestable: cf. F.
incontestable.]

Defn: Not contestable; not to be disputed; that cannot be called in
question or controverted; incontrovertible; indisputable; as,
incontestable evidence, truth, or facts. Locke.

Syn.
 -- Incontrovertible; indisputable; irrefragable; undeniable;
unquestionable; intuitable; certain.
 -- In`con*test"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- In`con*test"a*bly, adv.

INCONTESTED
In`con*test"ed, a.

Defn: Not contested. Addison.

INCONTIGUOUS
In`con*tig"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. incontiguus that can not be touched.
See In- not, and Contiguous.]

Defn: Not contiguous; not adjoining or in contact; separate. Boyle.
 -- In`con*tig"u*ous*ly, adv.

INCONTINENCE; INCONTINENCY
In*con"ti*nence, In*con"ti*nen*cy, n. Etym: [L. incontinentia: cf. F.
incontinence.]

1. Incapacity to hold; hence, incapacity to hold back or restrain;
the quality or state of being incontinent; want of continence;
failure to restrain the passions or appetites; indulgence of lust;
lewdness.
That Satan tempt you not for your incontinency. 1 Cor. vii. 5.
From the rash hand of bold incontinence. Milton.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The inability of any of the animal organs to restrain the
natural evacuations, so that the discharges are involuntary; as,
incontinence of urine.

INCONTINENT
In*con"ti*nent, a. Etym: [L. incontinens: cf. F. incontinent. See In-
not, and Continent.]

1. Not continent; uncontrolled; not restraining the passions or
appetites, particularly the sexual appetite; indulging unlawful lust;
unchaste; lewd.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Unable to restrain natural evacuations.

INCONTINENT
In*con"ti*nent, n.

Defn: One who is unchaste. B. Jonson.

INCONTINENT
In*con"ti*nent, adv. Etym: [Cf. F. incontinent.]

Defn: Incontinently; instantly immediately. [Obs.]
He says he will return incontinent. Shak.

INCONTINENTLY
In*con"ti*nent*ly, adv.

1. In an incontinent manner; without restraint, or without due
restraint; -- used esp. of the passions or appetites.

2. Immediately; at once; forthwith. [Archaic]
Immediately he sent word to Athens that he would incontinently come
hither with a host of men. Golding.

INCONTRACTED
In`con*tract"ed, a.

Defn: Uncontracted. [Obs.] Blackwall.

INCONTROLLABLE
In`con*trol"la*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + controllable: cf. F.
incontrôlable.]

Defn: Not controllable; uncontrollable.
 -- In`con*trol"la*bly, adv. South.

INCONTROVERTIBILITY
In*con`tro*ver`ti*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being incontrovertible.

INCONTROVERTIBLE
In*con`tro*ver"ti*ble, a.

Defn: Not controvertible; too clear or certain to admit of dispute;
indisputable. Sir T. Browne.
 -- In*con`tro*ver"ti*ble*ness, n.
 -- In*con`tro*ver"ti*bly, adv.

INCONVENIENCE
In`con*ven"ience, n. Etym: [L. inconvenientia inconsistency: cf. OF.
inconvenience.]

1. The quality or condition of being inconvenient; want of
convenience; unfitness; unsuitableness; inexpediency; awkwardness;
as, the inconvenience of the arrangement.
They plead against the inconvenience, not the unlawfulness, . . . of
ceremonies in burial. Hooker.

2. That which gives trouble, embarrassment, or uneasiness;
disadvantage; anything that disturbs quiet, impedes prosperity, or
increases the difficulty of action or success; as, one inconvenience
of life is poverty.
A place upon the top of Mount Athos above all clouds of rain, or
other inconvenience. Sir W. Raleigh.
Man is liable to a great many inconveniences. Tillotson.

Syn.
 -- Incommodiousness; awkwardness; disadvantage; disquiet;
uneasiness; disturbance; annoyance.

INCONVENIENCE
In`con*ven"ience, v. t.

Defn: To put to inconvenience; to incommode; as, to inconvenience a
neighbor.

INCONVENIENCY
In`con*ven"ien*cy, n.

Defn: Inconvenience.

INCONVENIENT
In`con*ven"ient, a. Etym: [L. inconveniens unbefitting: cf. F.
inconvénient. See In- not, and Convenient.]

1. Not becoming or suitable; unfit; inexpedient.

2. Not convenient; giving trouble, uneasiness, or annoyance;
hindering progress or success; uncomfortable; disadvantageous;
incommodious; inopportune; as, an inconvenient house, garment,
arrangement, or time.

Syn.
 -- Unsuitable; uncomfortable; disaccommodating; awkward;
unseasonable; inopportune; incommodious; disadvantageous;
troublesome; cumbersome; embarrassing; objectionable.

INCONVENIENTLY
In`con*ven"ient*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inconvenient manner; incommodiously; unsuitably;
unseasonably.

INCONVERSABLE
In`con*vers"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incommunicative; unsocial; reserved. [Obs.]

INCONVERSANT
In*con"ver*sant, a.

Defn: Not conversant; not acquainted; not versed; unfamiliar.

INCONVERTED
In`con*vert"ed, a.

Defn: Not turned or changed about. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

INCONVERTIBILITY
In`con*vert`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. inconvertibilitas.]

Defn: The quality or state of being inconvertible; not capable of
being exchanged for, or converted into, something else; as, the
inconvertibility of an irredeemable currency, or of lead, into gold.

INCONVERTIBLE
In`con*vert"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. inconvertibilis: cf. F.
inconvertible. See In- not, and Convertible.]

Defn: Not convertible; not capable of being transmuted, changed into,
or exchanged for, something else; as, one metal is inconvertible into
another; bank notes are sometimes inconvertible into specie. Walsh.

INCONVERTIBLENESS
In`con*vert"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Inconvertibility.

INCONVERTIBLY
In`con*vert"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In an inconvertible manner.

INCONVINCIBLE
In`con*vin"ci*ble, a. Etym: [L. inconvincibilis. See In- not, and
Convince.]

Defn: Not convincible; incapable of being convinced.
None are so inconvincible as your half-witted people. Gov. of the
Tongue.

INCONVINCIBLY
In`con*vin"ci*bly, adv.

Defn: In a manner not admitting of being convinced.

INCONY
In*co"ny, a. Etym: [Cf. Conny, Canny.]

Defn: Unlearned; artless; pretty; delicate. [Obs.]
Most sweet jests! most incony vulgar wit! Shak.

INCOORDINATE; INCOOERDINATE
In`co*ör"di*nate, a.

Defn: Not coördinate.

INCOORDINATION; INCOOERDINATION
In`co*ör`di*na"tion, n.

Defn: Want of coördination; lack of harmonious adjustment or action.
Incoördination of muscular movement (Physiol.), irregularity in
movements resulting from inharmonious action of the muscles in
consequence of loss of voluntary control over them.

INCORONATE
In*cor"o*nate, a. Etym: [Pref. in- in + coronate.]

Defn: Crowned. [R.] Longfellow.

INCORPORAL
In*cor"po*ral, a. Etym: [L. incorporalis. See In- not, and Corporal,
and cf. Incorporeal.]

Defn: Immaterial; incorporeal; spiritual. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

INCORPORALITY
In*cor`po*ral"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. incorporalitas: cf. F.
incorporalité.]

Defn: Incorporeality. [Obs.] Bailey.

INCORPORALLY
In*cor"po*ral*ly, adv.

Defn: Incorporeally. [Obs.]

INCORPORATE
In*cor"po*rate, a. Etym: [L. incorporatus. See In- not, and
Corporate.]

1. Not consisting of matter; not having a material body; incorporeal;
spiritual.
Moses forbore to speak of angles, and things invisible, and
incorporate. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Not incorporated; not existing as a corporation; as, an
incorporate banking association.

INCORPORATE
In*cor"po*rate, a. Etym: [L. incorporatus, p. p. of incorporare to
incorporate; pref. in- in + corporare to make into a body. See
Corporate.]

Defn: Corporate; incorporated; made one body, or united in one body;
associated; mixed together; combined; embodied.
As if our hands, our sides, voices, and minds Had been incorporate.
Shak.
A fifteenth part of silver incorporate with gold. Bacon.

INCORPORATE
In*cor"po*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incorporated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Incorporating.]

1. To form into a body; to combine, as different ingredients. into
one consistent mass.
By your leaves, you shall not stay alone, Till holy church
incorporate two in one. Shak.

2. To unite with a material body; to give a material form to; to
embody.
The idolaters, who worshiped their images as golds, supposed some
spirit to be incorporated therein. Bp. Stillingfleet.

3. To unite with, or introduce into, a mass already formed; as, to
incorporate copper with silver; -- used with with and into.

4. To unite intimately; to blend; to assimilate; to combine into a
structure or organization, whether material or mental; as, to
incorporate provinces into the realm; to incorporate another's ideas
into one's work.
The Romans did not subdue a country to put the inhabitants to fire
and sword, but to incorporate them into their own community. Addison.

5. To form into a legal body, or body politic; to constitute into a
corporation recognized by law, with special functions, rights, duties
and liabilities; as, to incorporate a bank, a railroad company, a
city or town, etc.

INCORPORATE
In*cor"po*rate, v. i.

Defn: To unite in one body so as to make a part of it; to be mixed or
blended; -- usually followed by with.
Painters' colors and ashes do better incorporate will oil. Bacon.
He never suffers wrong so long to grow, And to incorporate with right
so far As it might come to seem the same in show. Daniel.

INCORPORATED
In*cor"po*ra`ted, a.

Defn: United in one body; formed into a corporation; made a legal
entity.

INCORPORATION
In*cor`po*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. incorporatio: cf. F. incorporation.]

1. The act of incorporating, or the state of being incorporated.

2. The union of different ingredients in one mass; mixture;
combination; synthesis.

3. The union of something with a body already existing; association;
intimate union; assimilation; as, the incorporation of conquered
countries into the Roman republic.

4. (Law)
(a) The act of creating a corporation.
(b) A body incorporated; a corporation.

INCORPORATIVE
In*cor"po*ra*tive, a.

Defn: Incorporating or tending to incorporate; as, the incorporative
languages (as of the Basques, North American Indians, etc. ) which
run a whole phrase into one word.
History demonstrates that incorporative unions are solid and
permanent; but that a federal union is weak. W. Belsham.

INCORPORATOR
In*cor"po*ra`tor, n.

Defn: One of a number of persons who gets a company incorporated; one
of the original members of a corporation.

INCORPOREAL
In`cor*po"re*al, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + corporeal: cf. L.
incorporeus. Cf. Incorporal.]

1. Not corporeal; not having a material body or form; not consisting
of matter; immaterial.
Thus incorporeal spirits to smaller forms Reduced their shapes
immense. Milton.
Sense and perception must necessarily proceed from some incorporeal
substance within us. Bentley.

2. (Law)

Defn: Existing only in contemplation of law; not capable of actual
visible seizin or possession; not being an object of sense;
intangible; -- opposed to corporeal. Incorporeal hereditament. See
under Hereditament.

Syn.
 -- Immaterial; unsubstantial; bodiless; spiritual.

INCORPOREALISM
In`cor*po"re*al*ism, n.

Defn: Existence without a body or material form; immateriality.
Cudworth.

INCORPOREALIST
In`cor*po"re*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in incorporealism. Cudworth.

INCORPOREALITY
In`cor*po`re*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being incorporeal or bodiless;
immateriality; incorporealism. G. Eliot.

INCORPOREALLY
In`cor*po"re*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an incorporeal manner. Bacon.

INCORPOREITY
In*cor`po*re"i*ty, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + corporeity: cf. F.
incorporéite.]

Defn: The quality of being incorporeal; immateriality. Berkeley.

INCORPSE
In*corpse", v. t.

Defn: To incorporate. [R.] Shak.

INCORRECT
In`cor*rect", a. Etym: [L. incorrectus: cf. F. incorrect. See In-
not, and Correct.]

1. Not correct; not according to a copy or model, or to established
rules; inaccurate; faulty.
The piece, you think, is incorrect. Pope.

2. Not in accordance with the truth; inaccurate; not exact; as, an
incorrect statement or calculation.

3. Not accordant with duty or morality; not duly regulated or
subordinated; unbecoming; improper; as, incorrect conduct.
It shows a will most incorrect to heaven. Shak.
The wit of the last age was yet more incorrect than their language.
Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Inaccurate; erroneous; wrong; faulty.

INCORRECTION
In`cor*rec"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + correction: cf. F.
incorrection.]

Defn: Want of correction, restraint, or discipline. [Obs.] Arnway.

INCORRECTLY
In`cor*rect"ly, adv.

Defn: Not correctly; inaccurately; not exactly; as, a writing
incorrectly copied; testimony incorrectly stated.

INCORRECTNESS
In`cor*rect"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being incorrect; want of conformity to truth or
to a standard; inaccuracy; inexactness; as incorrectness may in
defect or in redundance.

INCORRESPONDENCE; INCORRESPONDENCY
In*cor`re*spond"ence, In*cor`re*spond"en*cy, n.

Defn: Want of correspondence; disagreement; disproportion. [R.]

INCORRESPONDING
In*cor`re*spond"ing, a.

Defn: Not corresponding; disagreeing. [R.] Coleridge.

INCORRIGIBILITY
In*cor`ri*gi*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. incorrigibilité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being incorrigible.
The ingratitude, the incorrigibility, the strange perverseness . . .
of mankind. Barrow.

INCORRIGIBLE
In*cor"ri*gi*ble, a. Etym: [L. incorrigibilis: cf. F. incorrigible.
See In- not, and Corrigible.]

Defn: Not corrigible; incapable of being corrected or amended; bad
beyond correction; irreclaimable; as, incorrigible error.
"Incorrigible fools." Dryden.

INCORRIGIBLE
In*cor"ri*gi*ble, n.

Defn: One who is corrigible; especially, a hardened criminal; as, the
perpetual imprisonment of incorrigibles.

INCORRIGIBLENESS
In*cor"ri*gi*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Incorrigibility. Dr. H. More.

INCORRIGIBLY
In*cor"ri*gi*bly, adv.

Defn: In an incorrigible manner.

INCORRODIBLE
In`cor*rod"i*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being corroded, consumed, or eaten away.

INCORRUPT
In"cor*rupt", a. Etym: [L. incorruptus. See In- not, and Corrupt.]

1. Not affected with corruption or decay; unimpaired; not marred or
spoiled.

2. Not defiled or depraved; pure; sound; untainted; above the
influence of bribes; upright; honest. Milton.
Your Christian principles . . . which will preserve you incorrupt as
individuals. Bp. Hurd.

INCORRUPTED
In"cor*rupt"ed, a.

Defn: Uncorrupted. [Obs.]
Breathed into their incorrupted breasts. Sir J. Davies.

INCORRUPTIBILITY
In`cor*rupt`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. incorruptibilitas: cf. F.
incorruptibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being incorruptible; incapability of corruption.
Holland.

INCORRUPTIBLE
In"cor*rupt"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. incorruptibilis: cf. F.
incorruptible. See In- not, and Corrupt.]

1. Not corruptible; incapable of corruption, decay, or dissolution;
as, gold is incorruptible.
Our bodies shall be changed into incorruptible and immortal
substances. Wake.

2. Incapable of being bribed or morally corrupted; inflexibly just
and upright.

INCORRUPTIBLE
In"cor*rupt"i*ble, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a religious sect which arose in Alexandria, in the reign
of the Emperor Justinian, and which believed that the body of Christ
was incorruptible, and that he suffered hunger, thirst, pain, only in
appearance.

INCORRUPTIBLE
In"cor*rupt"i*ble, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being incorruptible. Boyle.

INCORRUPTIBLENESS
In`cor*rupt"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being incorruptible.  Boyle.

INCORRUPTIBLY
In"cor*rupt"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In an incorruptible manner.

INCORRUPTION
In"cor*rup"tion, n. Etym: [L. incorruptio: cf. F. incorruption. See
In- not, and Corruption.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being incorrupt or incorruptible;
absence of, or exemption from, corruption.
It is sown in corruption; it is raised in incorruption. 1 Cor. xv.
42.
The same preservation, or, rather, incorruption, we have observed in
the flesh of turkeys, capons, etc. Sir T. Browne.

INCORRUPTIVE
In`cor*rupt"ive, a. Etym: [L. incorruptivus.]

Defn: Incorruptible; not liable to decay. Akenside.

INCORRUPTLY
In`cor*rupt"ly, adv.

Defn: Without corruption.
To demean themselves incorruptly. Milton.

INCORRUPTNESS
In`cor*rupt"ness, n.

1. Freedom or exemption from decay or corruption.

2. Probity; integrity; honesty. Woodward.

INCRASSATE
In*cras"sate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incrassated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Incrassating.] Etym: [L. incrassatus, p. p. of incrassare; pref. in-
in + crassus thick.]

Defn: To make thick or thicker; to thicken; especially, in pharmacy,
to thicken (a liquid) by the mixture of another substance, or by
evaporating the thinner parts.
Acids dissolve or attenuate; alkalies precipitate or incrassate. Sir
I. Newton.
Liquors which time hath incrassated into jellies. Sir T. Browne.

INCRASSATE
In*cras"sate, v. i.

Defn: To become thick or thicker.

INCRASSATE; INCRASSATED
In*cras"sate, In*cras"sa*ted, a. Etym: [L. incrassatus, p. p.]

1. Made thick or thicker; thickened; inspissated.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Thickened; becoming thicker. Martyn.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Swelled out on some particular part, as the antennæ of certain
insects.

INCRASSATION
In`cras*sa"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. incrassation.]

1. The act or process of thickening or making thick; the process of
becoming thick or thicker.

2. The state of being incrassated or made thick; inspissation. Sir T.
Browne.

INCRASSATIVE
In*cras"sa*tive, a.

Defn: Having the quality of thickening; tending to thicken. Harvey.

INCRASSATIVE
In*cras"sa*tive, n.

Defn: A substance which has the power to thicken; formerly, a
medicine supposed to thicken the humors. Harvey.

INCREASABLE
In*creas"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being increased. Sherwood.
 -- In*creas"a*ble*ness, n.
An indefinite increasableness of some of our ideas. Bp. Law.

INCREASE
In*crease", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Increased; p. pr. & vb. n.
Increasing.] Etym: [OE. incresen, encresen, enrescen, OF. encreistre,
fr. L. increscere; pref. in- in + crescere to grow. See Crescent, and
cf. Decrease.]

1. To become greater or more in size, quantity, number, degree,
value, intensity, power, authority, reputation, wealth; to grow; to
augment; to advance; -- opposed to decrease.
The waters increased and bare up the ark. Gen. vii. 17.
He must increase, but I must decrease. John iii. 30.
The heavens forbid But that our loves and comforts should increase,
Even as our days do grow! Shak.

2. To multiply by the production of young; to be fertile, fruitful,
or prolific.
Fishes are more numerous of increasing than beasts or birds, as
appears by their numerous spawn. Sir M. Hale.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: To become more nearly full; to show more of the surface; to
wax; as, the moon increases. Increasing function (Math.), a function
whose value increases when that of the variable increases, and
decreases when the latter is diminished.

Syn.
 -- To enlarge; extend; multiply; expand; develop; heighten; amplify;
raise; enhance; spread; aggravate; magnify; augment; advance.
 -- To Increase, Enlarge, Extend. Enlarge implies to make larger or
broader in size. Extend marks the progress of enlargement so as to
have wider boundaries. Increase denotes enlargement by growth and
internal vitality, as in the case of plants. A kingdom is enlarged by
the addition of new territories; the mind is enlarged by knowledge. A
kingdom is extended when its boundaries are carried to a greater
distance from the center. A man's riches, honors, knowledge, etc.,
are increased by accessions which are made from time to time.

INCREASE
In*crease", v. t.

Defn: To augment or make greater in bulk, quantity, extent, value, or
amount, etc.; to add to; to extend; to lengthen; to enhance; to
aggravate; as, to increase one's possessions, influence.
I will increase the famine. Ezek. v. 16.
Make denials Increase your services. Shak.

INCREASE
In"crease, n. Etym: [OE. encres, encresse. See Increase, v. i.]

1. Addition or enlargement in size, extent, quantity, number,
intensity, value, substance, etc.; augmentation; growth.
As if increase of appetite had grown By what if fed on. Shak.
For things of tender kind for pleasure made Shoot up with swift
increase, and sudden are decay'd. Dryden.

2. That which is added to the original stock by augmentation or
growth; produce; profit; interest.
Take thou no usury of him, or increase. Lev. xxv. 36.
Let them not live to taste this land's increase. Shak.

3. Progeny; issue; offspring.
All the increase of thy house shall die in the flower of their age. 1
Sam. ii. 33.

4. Generation. [Obs.] "Organs of increase." Shak.

5. (Astron.)

Defn: The period of increasing light, or luminous phase; the waxing;
-- said of the moon.
Seeds, hair, nails, hedges, and herbs will grow soonest if set or cut
in the increase of the moon. Bacon.
Increase twist, the twixt of a rifle groove in which the angle of
twist increases from the breech to the muzzle.

Syn.
 -- Enlargement; extension; growth; development; increment; addition;
accession; production.

INCREASEFUL
In*crease"ful, a.

Defn: Full of increase; abundant in produce. "Increaseful crops."
[R.] Shak.

INCREASEMENT
In*crease"ment, n.

Defn: Increase. [R.] Bacon.

INCREASER
In*creas"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that, increases.

INCREASINGLY
In*creas"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: More and more.

INCREATE
In`cre*ate", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Increated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Increating.] Etym: [Pref. in- in + create.]

Defn: To create within. [R.]

INCREATE; INCREATED
In"cre*ate, In"cre*a`ted, a. Etym: [L. increatus. See In- not, and
Create.]

Defn: Uncreated; self-existent. [R.]
Bright effincreate. Milton.

INCREDIBILITY
In*cred`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. incredibilitas: cf. F.
incrédibilité.]

1. The quality or state of being incredible; incredibleness. Dryden.

2. That which is incredible. Johnson.

INCREDIBLE
In*cred"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. incredibilis: cf. OF. incredible. See In-
not, and Credible.]

Defn: Not credible; surpassing belief; too extraordinary and
improbable to admit of belief; unlikely; marvelous; fabulous.
Why should it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God should
raise the dead Acts xxvi. 8.

INCREDIBLENESS
In*cred"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Incredibility.

INCREDIBLY
In*cred"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In an incredible manner.

INCREDITED
In*cred"it*ed, a.

Defn: Uncredited. [Obs.]

INCREDULITY
In`cre*du"li*ty, n. Etym: [L. incredu: cf. F. incrédulité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being i
Of every species of incredulity, religious unbelief is the most
irrational. Buckminster.

INCREDULOUS
In*cred"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. incredulus. See In- not, and Credulous.]

1. Not credulous; indisposed to admit or accept that which is related
as true, skeptical; unbelieving. Bacon.
A fantastical incredulous fool. Bp. Wilkins.

2. Indicating, or caused by, disbelief or incredulity. "An
incredulous smile." Longfellow.

3. Incredible; not easy to be believed. [R.] Shak.

INCREDULOUSLY
In*cred"u*lous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an incredulous manner; with incredulity.

INCREDULOUSNESS
In*cred"u*lous*ness, n.

Defn: Incredulity.

INCREMABLE
In*crem"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + L. cremabilis combustible,
fr. cremare to burn.]

Defn: Incapable of being burnt; incombustibe. Sir T. Browne.

INCREMATE
In"cre*mate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. in- in + cremate.]

Defn: To consume or reduce to ashes by burning, as a dead body; to
cremate.

INCREMATION
In`cre*ma"tion, n.

Defn: Burning; esp., the act of burning a dead body; cremation.

INCREMENT
In"cre*ment, n. Etym: [L. incrementum: cf. F. incrément. See
Increase.]

1. The act or process of increasing; growth in bulk, guantity,
number, value, or amount; augmentation; enlargement.
The seminary that furnisheth matter for the formation and increment
of animal and vegetable bodies. Woodward.
A nation, to be great, ought to be compressed in its increment by
nations more civilized than itself. Coleridge.

2. Matter added; increase; produce; production; -- opposed to
decrement. "Large increment." J. Philips.

3. (Math.)

Defn: The increase of a variable quantity or fraction from its
present value to its next ascending value; the finite quantity,
generally variable, by which a variable quantity is increased.

4. (Rhet.)

Defn: An amplification without strict climax, as in the following
passage:
Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are
honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure,
whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report, .
. . think on these things. Phil. iv. 8.
Infinitesimal increment (Math.), an infinitesimally small variation
considered in Differential Calculus. See Calculus.
 -- Method of increments (Math.), a calculus founded on the
properties of the successive values of variable quantities and their
differences or increments. It differs from the method of fluxions in
treating these differences as finite, instead of infinitely small,
and is equivalent to the calculus of finite differences.

INCREMENTAL
In`cre*men"tal, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resulting from, the process of growth; as,
the incremental lines in the dentine of teeth.

INCREPATE
In"cre*pate, v. t. Etym: [L. increpatus, p. p. of increpare to
upbraid; pref. in- in, against + crepare to talk noisily.]

Defn: To chide; to rebuke; to reprove. [Obs.]

INCREPATION
In`cre*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. increpatio.]

Defn: A chiding; rebuke; reproof. [Obs.] Hammond.

INCRESCENT
In*cres"cent, a. Etym: [L. increscens, -entis, p. pr. of increscere.
See Increase.]

1. Increasing; growing; augmenting; swelling; enlarging.
Between the incresent and decrescent moon. Tennyson.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Increasing; on the increase; -- said of the moon represented as
the new moon, with the points turned toward the dexter side.

INCREST
In*crest", v. t.

Defn: To adorn with a crest. [R.] Drummond.

INCRIMINATE
In*crim"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incriminated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Incriminating.] Etym: [LL. incriminatus, p. p. of incriminare; in- in
+ criminare, criminari, to accuse one of a crime. See Criminate.]

Defn: To accuse; to charge with a crime or fault; to criminate.

INCRIMINATION
In*crim`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act of incriminating; crimination.

INCRIMINATORY
In*crim"i*na*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to crimination; tending to incriminate;
criminatory.

INCROYABLE
In`croy`a"ble, n. [F., lit., incredible.]

Defn: A French fop or dandy of the time of the Directory; hence, any
fop.

 The name is said to have been given in allusion not only to the
extravagant dress, but also to the frequent use of the phrase "C'est
vraiment incroyable" (That is really incredible.).

INCRUENTAL
In`cru*en"tal, a. Etym: [L. incruentus. See In- not, and Cruentous.]

Defn: Unbloody; not attended with blood; as, an incruental sacrifice.
[Obs.] Brevint.

INCRUST
In*crust", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incrusted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Incrusting.] Etym: [L. incrustare; pref. in- in + crustare to cover
with a crust: cf. F. incruster. See Crust.] [Written also encrust.]

1. To cover or line with a crust, or hard coat; to form a crust on
the surface of; as, iron incrusted with rust; a vessel incrusted with
salt; a sweetmeat incrusted with sugar.
And by the frost refin'd the whiter snow, Incrusted hard. Thomson.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: To inlay into, as a piece of carving or other ornamental
object.

INCRUSTATE
In*crus"tate, a. Etym: [L. incrustatus, p. p. See Incrust.]

Defn: Incrusted. Bacon.

INCRUSTATE
In*crus"tate, v. t.

Defn: To incrust. [R.] Cheyne.

INCRUSTATION
In`crus*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. incrustatio: cf. F. incrustation. See
Incrust.]

1. The act of incrusting, or the state of being incrusted.

2. A crust or hard coating of anything upon or within a body, as a
deposit of lime, sediment, etc., from water on the inner surface of a
steam boiler.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A covering or inlaying of marble, mosaic, etc., attached to the
masonry by cramp irons or cement.

4. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Anything inlaid or imbedded.

INCRUSTMENT
In*crust"ment, n.

Defn: Incrustation. [R.]

INCRYSTALLIZABLE
In*crys"tal*li`za*ble, a.

Defn: Not crystallizable; incapable of being formed into crystals.

INCUBATE
In"cu*bate, v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Incubated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Incubating.] Etym: [L. incubatus, p. p. incubare to lie on; pref. in-
in, on + cubare to lie down. Cf. Cubit, Incumbent.]

Defn: To sit, as on eggs for hatching; to brood; to brood upon, or
keep warm, as eggs, for the purpose of hatching.

INCUBATION
In`cu*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. incubatio: cf. F. incubation.]

1. A sitting on eggs for the purpose of hatching young; a brooding
on, or keeping warm, (eggs) to develop the life within, by any
process. Ray.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The development of a disease from its causes, or its period of
incubation. (See below.)

3. A sleeping in a consecrated place for the purpose of dreaming
oracular dreams. Tylor. Period of incubation, or Stage of incubation
(Med.), the period which elapses between exposure to the causes of a
disease and the attack resulting from it; the time of development of
the supposed germs or spores.

INCUBATIVE
In"cu*ba*tive, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to incubation, or to the period of incubation.

INCUBATOR
In"cu*ba`tor, n.

Defn: That which incubates, especially, an apparatus by means of
which eggs are hatched by artificial heat.

INCUBATORY
In*cu"ba*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving for incubation.

INCUBE
In*cube", v. t.

Defn: To fix firmly, as in cube; to secure or place firmly. [Obs.]
Milton.

INCUBITURE
In*cu"bi*ture, n. Etym: [Cf. L. incubitus.]

Defn: Incubation. [Obs.] J. Ellis.

INCUBOUS
In"cu*bous, a. Etym: [From L. incubare to lie on.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the leaves so placed that the upper part of each one
covers the base of the leaf next above it, as in hepatic mosses of
the genus Frullania. See Succubous.

INCUBUS
In"cu*bus, n.; pl. E. Incubuses, L. Incubi. Etym: [L., the nightmare.
Cf. Incubate.]

1. A demon; a fiend; a lascivious spirit, supposed to have sexual
intercourse with women by night. Tylor.
The devils who appeared in the female form were generally called
succubi; those who appeared like men incubi, though this distinction
was not always preserved. Lecky.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The nightmare. See Nightmare.
Such as are troubled with incubus, or witch-ridden, as we call it.
Burton.

3. Any oppressive encumbrance or burden; anything that prevents the
free use of the faculties.
Debt and usury is the incubus which weighs most heavily on the
agricultural resources of Turkey. J. L. Farley.

INCULCATE
In*cul"cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inculcated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inculcating.] Etym: [L. inculcatus, p. p. of inculcare to tread on;
pref. in- in, on + calcare to tread, fr. calx the heel; perh. akin to
E. heel. Cf. 2d Calk, Heel.]

Defn: To teach and impress by frequent repetitions or admonitions; to
urge on the mind; as, Christ inculcates on his followers humility.
The most obvious and necessary duties of life they have not yet had
authority enough to enforce and inculcate upon men's minds. S.
Clarke.

Syn.
 -- To instill; infuse; implant; engraft; impress.

INCULCATION
In`cul*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. inculcatio: cf. F. inculcation.]

Defn: A teaching and impressing by frequent repetitions. Bp. Hall.

INCULCATOR
In*cul"ca*tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who inculcates. Boyle.

INCULK
In*culk". v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. inculquer. See Inculcate.]

Defn: To inculcate. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

INCULP
In*culp", v. t. Etym: [Cf. inculper. See Inculpate.]

Defn: To inculpate. [Obs.] Shelton.

INCULPABLE
In*cul"pa*ble, a. Etym: [L. inculpabilis: cf. F. incupable.]

Defn: Faultless; blameless; innocent. South.
An innocent and incupable piece of ignorance. Killingbeck.

INCULPABLENESS
In*cul"pa*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Blamelessness; faultlessness.

INCULPABLY
In*cul"pa*bly, adv.

Defn: Blamelessly. South.

INCULPATE
In*cul"pate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inculpated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inculpating.] Etym: [LL. inculpatus, p. p. of inculpare to blame;
pref. in- in + culpa fault. See Culpable.]

Note: [A word of recent introduction.]

Defn: To blame; to impute guilt to; to accuse; to involve or
implicate in guilt.
That risk could only exculpate her and not inculpate them -- the
probabilities protected them so perfectly. H. James.

INCULPATION
In`cul*pa"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inculpation.]

Defn: Blame; censure; crimination. Jefferson.

INCULPATORY
In*cul"pa*to*ry, a.

Defn: Imputing blame; criminatory; compromising; implicating.

INCULT
In*cult", a. Etym: [L. incultus; pref. in- not + cultus, p. p. of
colere to cultivate: cf. F. inculte.]

Defn: Untilled; uncultivated; crude; rude; uncivilized.
Germany then, says Tacitus, was incult and horrid, now full of
magnificent cities. Burton.
His style is diffuse and incult. M. W. Shelley.

INCULTIVATED
In*cul"ti*va`ted, a.

Defn: Uncultivated. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

INCULTIVATION
In*cul`ti*va"tion, n.

Defn: Want of cultivation. [Obs.] Berington.

INCULTURE
In*cul"ture, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + culture: cf. F. inculture.]

Defn: Want or neglect of cultivation or culture. [Obs.] Feltham.

INCUMBENCY
In*cum"ben*cy, n.; pl. Incumbencies. Etym: [From Incumbent.]

1. The state of being incumbent; a lying or resting on something.

2. That which is physically incumbent; that which lies as a burden; a
weight. Evelyn.

3. That which is morally incumbent, or is imposed, as a rule, a duty,
obligation, or responsibility. "The incumbencies of a family." Donne.

4. The state of holding a benefice; the full possession and exercise
of any office.
These fines are only to be paid to the bishop during his incumbency.
Swift.

INCUMBENT
In*cum"bent, a. Etym: [L. incumbens, -entis, p. pr. of incumbere to
lie down upon, press upon; pref. in- in, on + cumbere (in comp.);
akin to cubare to lie down. See Incubate.]

1. Lying; resting; reclining; recumbent; superimposed;
superincumbent.
Two incumbent figures, gracefully leaning upon it. Sir H. Wotton.
To move the incumbent load they try. Addison.

2. Lying, resting, or imposed, as a duty or obligation; obligatory;
always with on or upon.
All men, truly zealous, will perform those good works that are
incumbent on all Christians. Sprat.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Leaning or resting; -- said of anthers when lying on the inner
side of the filament, or of cotyledons when the radicle lies against
the back of one of them. Gray.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Bent downwards so that the ends touch, or rest on, something
else; as, the incumbent toe of a bird.

INCUMBENT
In*cum"bent, n.

Defn: A person who is in present possession of a benefice or of any
office.
The incumbent lieth at the mercy of his patron. Swift.

INCUMBENTLY
In*cum"bent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an incumbent manner; so as to be incumbent.

INCUMBER
In*cum"ber, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incumbered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Incumbering.]

Defn: See Encumber.

INCUMBITION
In`cum*bi"tion, n.

Defn: Incubation. [R.] Sterne.

INCUMBRANCE
In*cum"brance, n. Etym: [See Encumbrance.] [Written also
encumbrance.]

1. A burdensome and troublesome load; anything that impedes motion or
action, or renders it difficult or laborious; clog; impediment;
hindrance; check. Cowper.

2. (Law)

Defn: A burden or charge upon property; a claim or lien upon an
estate, which may diminish its value.

INCUMBRANCER
In*cum"bran*cer, n. (Law)

Defn: One who holds Kent.

INCUMBROUS
In*cum"brous, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. encombros.]

Defn: Cumbersome; troublesome. [Written also encombrous.] [Obs.]
Chaucer.

INCUNABULUM
In`cu*nab"u*lum, n.; pl. Incunabula. Etym: [L. incunabula cradle,
birthplace, origin. See 1st In-, and Cunabula.]

Defn: A work of art or of human industry, of an early epoch;
especially, a book printed before A. D. 1500.

INCUR
In*cur", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incurred; p. pr. & vb. n. Incurring.]
Etym: [L. incurrere to run into or toward; pref. in- in + currere to
run. See Current.]

1. To meet or fall in with, as something inconvenient, harmful, or
onerous; to put one's self in the way of; to expose one's self to; to
become liable or subject to; to bring down upon one's self; to
encounter; to contract; as, to incur debt, danger, displeasure
I know not what I shall incur to passShak.

2. To render liable or subject to; to occasion. [Obs.]
Lest you incur me much more damage in my fame than you have done me
pleasure in preserving my life. Chapman.

INCUR
In*cur", v. i.

Defn: To pass; to enter. [Obs.]
Light is discerned by itself because by itself it incurs into the
eye. South.

INCURABILITY
In*cur`a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. incurabilité incurability, LL.
incurabilitas negligence.]

Defn: The state of being uncurable; irremediableness. Harvey.

INCURABLE
In*cur"a*ble, a. Etym: [F. incurable, L. incurabilis. See In- not,
and Curable.]

1. Not capable of being cured; beyond the power of skill or medicine
to remedy; as, an incurable disease.
A scirrh is not absolutely incurable. Arbuthnot.

2. Not admitting or capable of remedy or correction; irremediable;
remediless; as, incurable evils.
Rancorous and incurable hostility. Burke.
They were laboring under a profound, and, as it might have seemed, an
almost incurable ignorance. Sir J. Stephen.

Syn.
 -- Irremediable; remediless; irrecoverable; irretrievable;
irreparable; hopeless.

INCURABLE
In*cur"a*ble, n.

Defn: A person diseased beyond cure.

INCURABLENESS
In*cur"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being incurable; incurability. Boyle.

INCURABLY
In*cur"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a manner that renders cure impracticable or impossible;
irremediably. "Incurably diseased." Bp. Hall. "Incurably wicked."
Blair.

INCURIOSITY
In*cu`ri*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. incuriositas: cf. F. incurosité.]

Defn: Want of curiosity or interest; inattentiveness; indifference.
Sir H. Wotton.

INCURIOUS
In*cu"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. incuriosus: cf. F. incurieux. See In- not,
and Curious.]

Defn: Not curious or inquisitive; without care for or interest in;
inattentive; careless; negligent; heedless.
Carelessnesses and incurious deportments toward their children. Jer.
Taylor.

INCURIOUSLY
In*cu"ri*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an curious manner.

INCURIOUSNESS
In*cu"ri*ous*ness, n.

Defn: Unconcernedness; incuriosity.
Sordid incuriousness and slovenly neglect. Bp. Hall.

INCURRENCE
In*cur"rence, n. Etym: [See Incur.]

Defn: The act of incurring, bringing on, or subjecting one's self to
(something troublesome or burdensome); as, the incurrence of guilt,
debt, responsibility, etc.

INCURRENT
In*cur"rent, a. Etym: [L. incurrens, p. pr. incurere, incursum, to
run in; in- + currere to run.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Characterized by a current which flows inward; as, the
incurrent orifice of lamellibranch Mollusca.

INCURSION
In*cur"sion, n. Etym: [L. incursio: cf. F. incursion. See Incur.]

1. A running into; hence, an entering into a territory with hostile
intention; a temporary invasion; a predatory or harassing inroad; a
raid.
The Scythian, whose incursions wild Have wasted Sogdiana. Milton.
The incursions of the Goths disordered the affairs of the Roman
Empire. Arbuthnot.

2. Attack; occurrence. [Obs.]
Sins of daily incursion. South.

Syn.
 -- Invasion; inroad; raid; foray; sally; attack; onset; irruption.
See Invasion.

INCURSIVE
In*cur"sive, a.

Defn: Making an incursion; invasive; aggressive; hostile.

INCURTAIN
In*cur"tain, v. t.

Defn: To curtain. [Obs.]

INCURVATE
In*cur"vate, a. Etym: [L. incurvatus, p. p. of incurvare to crook;
pref. in- in + curvus bent. See Curve, and cf. Incurve.]

Defn: Curved; bent; crooked. Derham.

INCURVATE
In*cur"vate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incurvated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Incurvating.]

Defn: To turn from a straight line or course; to bend; to crook.
Cheyne.

INCURVATION
In`cur*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. incurvatio: cf. F. incurvation.]

1. The act of bending, or curving.

2. The state of being bent or curved; curvature.
An incurvation of the rays. Derham.

3. The act of bowing, or bending the body, in respect or reverence.
"The incurvations of the knee." Bp. Hall.

INCURVE
In*curve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incurved; p. pr. & vb. n. Incurving.]
Etym: [See Incurvate.]

Defn: To bend; to curve; to make crooked.

INCURVED
In*curved", a. Etym: [Pref. in- in + curved.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bending gradually toward the axis or center, as branches or
petals.

INCURVITY
In*cur"vi*ty, n. Etym: [From L. incurvus bent. See Incurvate.]

Defn: A state of being bent or curved; incurvation; a bending
inwards. Sir T. Browne.

INCUS
In"cus, n. Etym: [L., anvil.]

1. An anvil.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the small bones in the tympanum of the ear; the anvil
bone. See Ear.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The central portion of the armature of the pharynx in the
Rotifera.

INCUSE
In*cuse", a. Etym: [See Incuse, v. t.] (Numismatics)

Defn: Cut or stamped in, or hollowed out by engraving. "Irregular
incuse square." Dr. W. Smith.

INCUSE; INCUSS
In*cuse", In*cuss", v. t. Etym: [L. incussus, p. p. of incutere to
strike. See 1st In-, and Concuss.]

Defn: To form, or mold, by striking or stamping, as a coin or medal.

INCUTE
In*cute", v. t. Etym: [See Incuse.]

Defn: To strike or stamp in. [Obs.] Becon.

INCYST
In*cyst", v. t.

Defn: See Encyst.

INCYSTED
In*cyst"ed, a.

Defn: See Encysted.

IND
Ind, n.

Defn: India. [Poetical] Shak. Milton.

INDAGATE
In"da*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. indagatus, p. p. of indagare to seek.]

Defn: To seek or search out. [Obs.]

INDAGATION
In`da*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. indagatio: cf. F. indagation.]

Defn: Search; inquiry; investigation. [Obs.]

INDAGATIVE
In"da*ga*tive, a.

Defn: Searching; exploring; investigating. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

INDAGATOR
In"da*ga`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A searcher; an explorer; an investigator. [Obs.]
Searched into by such skillful indagators of nature. Boyle.

INDAMAGE
In*dam"age (; 48), v. t.

Defn: See Endamage. [R.]

INDAMAGED
In*dam"aged, a.

Defn: Not damaged. [Obs.] Milton.

INDART
In*dart", v. t.

Defn: To pierce, as with a dart.

INDAZOL
In"da*zol, n. Etym: [Indol + azote.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous compound, C7H6N2, analogous to indol, and
produced from a diazo derivative or cinnamic acid.

INDE
Inde, a.

Defn: Azure-colored; of a bright blue color. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

INDEAR
In*dear", v. t.

Defn: See Endear.

INDEBT
In*debt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indebted; p. pr. & vb. n. Indebting.]
Etym: [OE. endetten, F. endetter; pref. en- (L. in) + F. dette debt.
See Debt.]

Defn: To bring into debt; to place under obligation; -- chiefly used
in the participle indebted.
Thy fortune hath indebted thee to none. Daniel.

INDEBTED
In*debt"ed, a.

1. Brought into debt; being under obligation; held to payment or
requital; beholden.
By owing, owes not, but still pays, at once Indebted and discharged.
Milton.

2. Placed under obligation for something received, for which
restitution or gratitude is due; as, we are indebted to our parents
for their care of us in infancy; indebted to friends for help and
encouragement. Cowper.

INDEBTEDNESS
In*debt"ed*ness, n.

1. The state of being indebted.

2. The sum owed; debts, collectively.

INDEBTMENT
In*debt"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. endettement.]

Defn: Indebtedness. [R.] Bp. Hall.

INDECENCE
In*de"cence, n.

Defn: See Indecency. [Obs.] "An indecence of barbarity." Bp. Burnet.

INDECENCY
In*de"cen*cy, n.; pl. Indecencies. Etym: [L. indecentia unseemliness:
cf. F. indécence.]

1. The quality or state of being indecent; want of decency, modesty,
or good manners; obscenity.

2. That which is indecent; an indecent word or act; an offense
against delicacy.
They who, by speech or writing, present to the ear or the eye of
modesty any of the indecencies I allude to, are pests of society.
Beattie.

Syn.
 -- Indelicacy; indecorum; immodesty; impurity; obscenity. See
Indecorum.

INDECENT
In*de"cent, a. Etym: [L. indecens unseemly, unbecoming: cf. F.
indécent. See In- not, and Decent.]

Defn: Not decent; unfit to be seen or heard; offensive to modesty and
delicacy; as, indecent language. Cowper.

Syn.
 -- Unbecoming; indecorous; indelicate; unseemly; immodest; gross;
shameful; impure; improper; obscene; filthy.

INDECENTLY
In*de"cent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an indecent manner.

INDECIDUATE
In`de*cid"u*ate, a.

1. Indeciduous.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Having no decidua; nondeciduate.

INDECIDUOUS
In`de*cid"u*ous, a.

Defn: Not deciduous or falling, as the leaves of trees in autumn;
lasting; evergreen; persistent; permanent; perennial.
The indeciduous and unshaven locks of Apollo. Sir T. Browne.

INDECIMABLE
In*dec"i*ma*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + LL. decimare to tithe: cf.
F. indécimable. See Decimate.]

Defn: Not decimable, or liable to be decimated; not liable to the
payment of tithes. Cowell.

INDECIPHERABLE
In`de*ci"pher*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not decipherable; incapable of being deciphered, explained, or
solved.
 -- In`de*ci"pher*a*bly, adv.

INDECISION
In`de*ci"sion, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + decision: cf. F.
indécision.]

Defn: Want of decision; want of settled purpose, or of firmness;
indetermination; wavering of mind; irresolution; vacillation;
hesitation.
The term indecision . . . implies an idea very nicely different from
irresolution; yet it has a tendency to produce it. Shenstone.
Indecision . . . is the natural accomplice of violence. Burke.

INDECISIVE
In`de*ci"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. indécisif.]

1. Not decisive; not bringing to a final or ultimate issue; as, an
indecisive battle, argument, answer.
The campaign had everywhere been indecisive. Macaulay.

2. Undetermined; prone to indecision; irresolute; unsettled;
wavering; vacillating; hesitating; as, an indecisive state of mind;
an indecisive character.

INDECISIVELY
In`de*ci"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: Without decision.

INDECISIVENESS
In`de*ci"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being indecisive; unsettled state.

INDECLINABLE
In`de*clin"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. indeclinabilis: cf. F. indéclinable.
See In- not, and Decline.] (Gram.)

Defn: Not declinable; not varied by inflective terminations; as,
nihil (nothing), in Latin, is an indeclinable noun.
 -- n.

Defn: An indeclinable word.

INDECLINABLY
In`de*clin"a*bly, adv.

1. Without variation.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Without variation of termination.

INDECOMPOSABLE
In*de`com*pos"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + decomposable: cf. F.
indécomposable.]

Defn: Not decomposable; incapable or difficult of decomposition; not
resolvable into its constituents or elements.

INDECOMPOSABLENESS
In*de`com*pos"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Incapableness of decomposition; stability; permanence;
durability.

INDECOROUS
In`de*co"rous, a. Etym: [L. indecorous. See In- not, and Decorous.]

Defn: Not decorous; violating good manners; contrary to good breeding
or etiquette; unbecoming; improper; out of place; as, indecorous
conduct.
It was useless and indecorous to attempt anything more by mere
struggle. Burke.

Syn.
 -- Unbecoming; unseemly; unbefitting; rude; coarse; impolite;
uncivil; ill-bred.

INDECOROUSLY
In`de*co"rous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an indecorous manner.

INDECOROUSNESS
In`de*co"rous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being indecorous; want of decorum.

INDECORUM
In`de*co"rum, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + decorum: cf. L. indecorous
unbecoming.]

1. Want of decorum; impropriety of behavior; that in behavior or
manners which violates the established rules of civility, custom, or
etiquette; indecorousness.

2. An indecorous or becoming action. Young.

Syn.
 -- Indecorum is sometimes synonymous with indecency; but indecency,
more frequently than indecorum, is applied to words or actions which
refer to what nature and propriety require to be concealed or
suppressed. Indecency is the stronger word; indecorum refers to any
transgression of etiquette or civility, especially in public.

INDEED
In*deed", adv. Etym: [Prep. in + deed.]

Defn: In reality; in truth; in fact; verily; truly; -- used in a
variety of sense. Esp.: (a) Denoting emphasis; as, indeed it is so.
(b) Denoting concession or admission; as, indeed, you are right. (c)
Denoting surprise; as, indeed, is it you Its meaning is not intrinsic
or fixed, but depends largely on the form of expression which it
accompanies.

The carnal mind is enmity against God; for it is not subject to the
law of God, neither indeed can be. Rom. viii. 7.
I were a beast indeed to do you wrong. Dryden.
There is, indeed, no great pleasure in visiting these magazines of
war. Addison.

INDEFATIGABILITY
In`de*fat`i*ga*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being indefatigable.

INDEFATIGABLE
In`de*fat"i*ga*ble, a. Etym: [L. indefatigabilis: cf. OF.
indefatigable. See In- not, and Defatigable, and cf. Infatigable.]

Defn: Incapable of being fatigued; not readily exhausted; unremitting
in labor or effort; untiring; unwearying; not yielding to fatigue;
as, indefatigable exertions, perseverance, application. "A constant,
indefatigable attendance." South.
Upborne with indefatigable wings. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Unwearied; untiring; persevering; persistent.

INDEFATIGABLENESS
In`de*fat"i*ga*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Indefatigable quality; unweariedness; persistency. Parnell.

INDEFATIGABLY
In`de*fat"i*ga*bly, adv.

Defn: Without weariness; without yielding to fatigue; persistently.
Dryden.

INDEFATIGATION
In`de*fat`i*ga"tion, n.

Defn: Indefatigableness; unweariedness. [Obs.] J. Gregory.

INDEFEASIBILITY
In`de*fea`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being undefeasible.

INDEFEASIBLE
In`de*fea`si*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + defeasible: cf. OF.
indefaisable.]

Defn: Not to be defeated; not defeasible; incapable of being annulled
or made void; as, an indefeasible or title.
That the king had a divine and an indefeasible right to the regal
power. Macaulay.

INDEFECTIBILITY
In`de*fect`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. indéfectibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being indefectible. Barrow.

INDEFECTIBLE
In`de*fect"i*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + defectible: cf. F.
indéfectible.]

Defn: Not defectible; unfailing; not liable to defect, failure, or
decay.
An indefectible treasure in the heavens. Barrow.
A state of indefectible virtue and happiness. S. Clarke.

INDEFECTIVE
In`de*fect"ive, a.

Defn: Not defective; perfect; complete. "Absolute, indefective
obedience." South.

INDEFEISIBLE
In`de*fei"si*ble, a.

Defn: Indefeasible. [Obs.]

INDEFENSIBILITY
In`de*fen`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of not being defensible. Walsh.

INDEFENSIBLE
In`de*fen"si*ble, Etym: [Pref. in- not + defensible: cf. OF.
indefensible, indefensable.]

Defn: Not defensible; not capable of being defended, maintained,
vindicated, or justified; unjustifiable; untenable; as, an
indefensible fortress, position, cause, etc.
Men find that something can be said in favor of what, on the very
proposal, they thought utterly indefensible. Burke.

INDEFENSIBLY
In`de*fen"si*bly, adv.

Defn: In an indefensible manner.

INDEFENSIVE
In`de*fen"sive, a.

Defn: Defenseless. [Obs.]
The sword awes the indefensive villager. Sir T. Herbert.

INDEFICIENCY
In`de*fi"cien*cy, n.

Defn: The state or quality of not being deficient. [Obs.] Strype.

INDEFICIENT
In`de*fi"cient, a. Etym: [L. indeficiens. See In- not, and
Deficient.]

Defn: Not deficient; full. [Obs.]
Brighter than the sun, and indeficient as the light of heaven. Jer.
Taylor.

INDEFINABLE
In`de*fin"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being defined or described; inexplicable. Bp.
Reynolds.

INDEFINABLY
In`de*fin"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an indefinable manner.

INDEFINITE
In*def"i*nite, a. Etym: [L. indefinitus. See In- not, and Definite.]

1. Not definite; not limited, defined, or specified; not explicit;
not determined or fixed upon; not precise; uncertain; vague;
confused; obscure; as, an indefinite time, plan, etc.
It were to be wished that . . . men would leave off that indefinite
way of vouching, "the chymists say this," or "the chymists affirm
that." Boyle.
The time of this last is left indefinite. Dryden.

2. Having no determined or certain limits; large and unmeasured,
though not infinite; unlimited; as indefinite space; the indefinite
extension of a straight line.
Though it is not infinite, it may be indefinite; though it is not
boundless in itself, it may be so to human comprehension. Spectator.

3. Boundless; infinite. [R.]
Indefinite and omnipresent God, Inhabiting eternity. W. Thompson
(1745).

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Too numerous or variable to make a particular enumeration
important; -- said of the parts of a flower, and the like. Also,
indeterminate. Indefinite article (Gram.), the word a or an, used
with nouns to denote any one of a common or general class.
 -- Indefinite inflorescence. (Bot.) See Indeterminate inflorescence,
under Indeterminate.
 -- Indefinite proposition (Logic), a statement whose subject is a
common term, with nothing to indicate distribution or
nondistribution; as, Man is mortal.
 -- Indefinite term (Logic), a negative term; as, the not-good.

Syn.
 -- Inexplicit; vague; uncertain; unsettled; indeterminate; loose;
equivocal; inexact; approximate.

INDEFINITELY
In*def"i*nite*ly, adv.

Defn: In an indefinite manner or degree; without any settled
limitation; vaguely; not with certainty or exactness; as, to use a
word indefinitely.
If the world be indefinitely extended, that is, so far as no human
intellect can fancy any bound of it. Ray.

INDEFINITENESS
In*def"i*nite*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being indefinite.

INDEFINITUDE
In`de*fin"i*tude, n.

Defn: Indefiniteness; vagueness; also, number or quantity not limited
by our understanding, though yet finite. [Obs.] Sir M . Hale.

INDEHISCENCE
In`de*his"cence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. indéhiscence.] (Bot.)

Defn: The property or state of being indehiscent.

INDEHISCENT
In`de*his"cent, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + dehiscent: cf. F.
indéhiscent.] (Bot.)

Defn: Remaining closed at maturity, or not opening along regular
lines, as the acorn, or a cocoanut.

INDELECTABLE
In`de*lec"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Not delectable; unpleasant; disagreeable. [R.] Richardson.

INDELIBERATE
In`de*lib"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. indeliberatus. See In- not, and
Deliberate.]

Defn: Done without deliberation; unpremeditated. [Obs.] --
In`de*lib"er*ate*ly, adv. [Obs.]

INDELIBERATED
In`de*lib"er*a`ted, a.

Defn: Indeliberate. [Obs.]

INDELIBILITY
In*del`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. indélébilité.]

Defn: The quality of being indelible. Bp. Horsley.

INDELIBLE
In*del"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. indelebilis; pref.in- not + delebilis
capable of being destroyed: cf. F. indélébile. See In- not, and
Deleble.] [Formerly written also indeleble, which accords with the
etymology of the word.]

1. That can not be removed, washed away, blotted out, or effaced;
incapable of being canceled, lost, or forgotten; as, indelible
characters; an indelible stain; an indelible impression on the
memory.

2. That can not be annulled; indestructible. [R.]
They are endued with indelible power from above. Sprat.
Indelible colors, fast colors which do not fade or tarnish by
exposure.
 -- Indelible ink, an ink obliterated by washing; esp., a solution of
silver nitrate.

Syn.
 -- Fixed; fast; permanent; ineffaceable.
 -- In*del"i*ble*ness, n.
 -- In*del"i*bly, adv.
Indelibly stamped and impressed. J. Ellis.

INDELICACY
In*del"i*ca*cy, n.; pl. Indelicacies. Etym: [From Indelicate.]

Defn: The quality of being indelicate; want of delicacy, or of a nice
sense of, or regard for, purity, propriety, or refinement in manners,
language, etc.; rudeness; coarseness; also, that which is offensive
to refined taste or purity of mind.
The indelicacy of English comedy. Blair.
Your papers would be chargeable with worse than indelicacy; they
would be immoral. Addison.

INDELICATE
In*del"i*cate, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + delicate: cf. F. indélicat.]

Defn: Not delicate; wanting delicacy; offensive to good manners, or
to purity of mind; coarse; rude; as, an indelicate word or
suggestion; indelicate behavior. Macaulay.
 -- In*del"i*cate*ly, adv.

Syn.
 -- Indecorous; unbecoming; unseemly; rude; coarse; broad; impolite;
gross; indecent; offensive; improper; unchaste; impure; unrefined.

INDEMNIFICATION
In*dem`ni*fi*ca"tion, n.

1. The act or process of indemnifying, preserving, or securing
against loss, damage, or penalty; reimbursement of loss, damage, or
penalty; the state of being indemnified.
Indemnification is capable of some estimate; dignity has no standard.
Burke.

2. That which indemnifies.
No reward with the name of an indemnification. De Quincey.

INDEMNIFY
In*dem"ni*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indemnified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Indemnifying.] Etym: [L. indemnis unhurt (in- not + damnum hurt,
damage) + -fy. Cf. Damn, Damnify.]

1. To save harmless; to secure against loss or damage; to insure.
The states must at last engage to the merchants here that they will
indemnify them from all that shall fall out. Sir W. Temple.

2. To make restitution or compensation for, as for that which is
lost; to make whole; to reimburse; to compensate. Beattie.

INDEMNITY
In*dem"ni*ty, n.; pl. Indemnities. Etym: [L. indemnitas, fr. indemnis
uninjured: cf. F. indemnité. See Indemnify.]

1. Security; insurance; exemption from loss or damage, past or to
come; immunity from penalty, or the punishment of past offenses;
amnesty.
Having first obtained a promise of indemnity for the riot they had
committed. Sir W. Scott.

2. Indemnification, compensation, or remuneration for loss, damage,
or injury sustained.
They were told to expect, upon the fall of Walpole, a large and
lucrative indemnity for their pretended wrongs. Ld. Mahon.

Note: Insurance is a contract of indemnity. Arnould. The owner of
private property taken for public use is entitled to compensation or
indemnity. Kent. Act of indemnity (Law), an act or law passed in
order to relieve persons, especially in an official station, from
some penalty to which they are liable in consequence of acting
illegally, or, in case of ministers, in consequence of exceeding the
limits of their strict constitutional powers. These acts also
sometimes provide compensation for losses or damage, either incurred
in the service of the government, or resulting from some public
measure.

INDEMONSTRABILITY
In`de*mon`stra*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being indemonstrable.

INDEMONSTRABLE
In`de*mon"stra*ble, a. Etym: [L. indemonstrabilis. See In- not, and
Demonstrable.]

Defn: Incapable of being demonstrated.
 -- In`de*mon"stra*ble*ness, n.

INDENIZATION
In*den`i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of naturalizing; endenization. [R.] Evelyn.

INDENIZE
In*den"ize, v. t.

Defn: To naturalize. [R.]

INDENIZEN
In*den"i*zen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indenizened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Indenizening.]

Defn: To invest with the privileges of a denizen; to naturalize. [R.]
Words indenizened, and commonly used as English. B. Jonson.

INDENT
In*dent", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indented; p. pr. & vb. n. Indenting.]
Etym: [OE. endenten to notch, fit in, OF. endenter, LL. indentare,
fr. L. in + dens, dentis, tooth. See Tooth, and cf. Indenture.]

1. To notch; to jag; to cut into points like a row of teeth; as, to
indent the edge of paper.

2. To dent; to stamp or to press in; to impress; as, indent a smooth
surface with a hammer; to indent wax with a stamp.

3. Etym: [Cf. Indenture.]

Defn: To bind out by indenture or contract; to indenture; to
apprentice; as, to indent a young man to a shoemaker; to indent a
servant.

4. (Print.)

Defn: To begin (a line or lines) at a greater or less distance from
the margin; as, to indent the first line of a paragraph one em; to
indent the second paragraph two ems more than the first. See
Indentation, and Indention.

5. (Mil.)

Defn: To make an order upon; to draw upon, as for military stores.
[India] Wilhelm.

INDENT
In*dent", v. i.

1. To be cut, notched, or dented.

2. To crook or turn; to wind in and out; to zigzag.

3. To contract; to bargain or covenant. Shak.
To indent and drive bargains with the Almighty. South.

INDENT
In*dent", n.

1. A cut or notch in the man gin of anything, or a recess like a
notch. Shak.

2. A stamp; an impression. [Obs.]

3. A certificate, or intended certificate, issued by the government
of the United States at the close of the Revolution, for the
principal or interest of the public debt. D. Ramsay. A. Hamilton.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A requisition or order for supplies, sent to the commissariat
of an army. [India] Wilhelm.

INDENTATION
In`den*ta"tion, n.

1. The act of indenting or state of being indented.

2. A notch or recess, in the margin or border of anything; as, the
indentations of a leaf, of the coast, etc.

3. A recess or sharp depression in any surface.

4. (Print.)
(a) The act of beginning a line or series of lines at a little
distance within the flush line of the column or page, as in the
common way of beginning the first line of a paragraph.
(b) The measure of the distance; as, an indentation of one em, or of
two ems. Hanging, or Reverse, indentation, indentation of all the
lines of a paragraph except the first, which is a full line.

INDENTED
In*dent"ed, a.

1. Cut in the edge into points or inequalities, like teeth; jagged;
notched; stamped in; dented on the surface.

2. Having an uneven, irregular border; sinuous; undulating. Milton.
Shak.

3. (Her.)

Defn: Notched like the part of a saw consisting of the teeth;
serrated; as, an indented border or ordinary.

4. Bound out by an indenture; apprenticed; indentured; as, an
indented servant.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Notched along the margin with a different color, as the
feathers of some birds. Indented line (Fort.), a line with alternate
long and short faces, with salient and receding angles, each face
giving a flanking fire along the front of the next.

INDENTEDLY
In*dent"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: With indentations.

INDENTING
In*dent"ing, n.

Defn: Indentation; an impression like that made by a tooth.

INDENTION
In*den"tion, n. (Print.)

Defn: Same as Indentation, 4.

INDENTMENT
In*dent"ment, n.

Defn: Indenture. [Obs.]

INDENTURE
In*den"ture, n. Etym: [OE. endenture, OF. endenture, LL. indentura a
deed in duplicate, with indented edges. See the Note below. See
Indent.]

1. The act of indenting, or state of being indented.

2. (Law)

Defn: A mutual agreement in writing between two or more parties,
whereof each party has usually a counterpart or duplicate; sometimes
in the pl., a short form for indentures of apprenticeship, the
contract by which a youth is bound apprentice to a master.
The law is the best expositor of the gospel; they are like a pair of
indentures: they answer in every part. C. Leslie.

Note: Indentures were originally duplicates, laid together and
intended by a notched cut or line, or else written on the same piece
of parchment and separated by a notched line so that the two papers
or parchments corresponded to each other. But indenting has gradually
become a mere form, and is often neglected, while the writings or
counterparts retain the name of indentures.

INDENTURE
In*den"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indentured; p. pr. & vb. n.
Indenturing.]

1. To indent; to make hollows, notches, or wrinkles in; to furrow.
Though age may creep on, and indenture the brow. Woty.

2. To bind by indentures or written contract; as, to indenture an
apprentice.

INDENTURE
In*den"ture, v. i.

Defn: To run or wind in and out; to be cut or notched; to indent.
Heywood.

INDEPENDENCE
In`de*pend"ence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. indépendance.]

1. The state or quality of being independent; freedom from
dependence; exemption from reliance on, or control by, others; self-
subsistence or maintenance; direction of one's own affairs without
interference.
Let fortune do her worst, . . . as long as she never makes us lose
our honesty and our independence. Pope.

2. Sufficient means for a comfortable livelihood. Declaration of
Independence (Amer. Hist.), the declaration of the Congress of the
Thirteen United States of America, on the 4th of July, 1776, by which
they formally declared that these colonies were free and independent
States, not subject to the government of Great Britain.

INDEPENDENCE DAY
In`de*pend"ence Day.

Defn: In the United States, a holiday, the 4th of July, commemorating
the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on that day in 1776.

INDEPENDENCY
In`de*pend"en*cy, n.

1. Independence.
"Give me," I cried (enough for me), "My bread, and independency!"
Pope.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: Doctrine and polity of the Independents.

INDEPENDENT
In`de*pend"ent, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + dependent: cf. F.
indépendant.]

1. Not dependent; free; not subject to control by others; not relying
on others; not subordinate; as, few men are wholly independent.
A dry, but independent crust. Cowper.

2. Affording a comfortable livelihood; as, an independent property.

3. Not subject to bias or influence; not obsequious; self-directing;
as, a man of an independent mind.

4. Expressing or indicating the feeling of independence; free; easy;
bold; unconstrained; as, an independent air or manner.

5. Separate from; exclusive; irrespective.
That obligation in general, under which we conceive ourselves bound
to obey a law, independent of those resources which the law provides
for its own enforcement. R. P. Ward.

6. (Eccl.)

Defn: Belonging or pertaining to, or holding to the doctrines or
methods of, the Independents.

7. (Math.)

Defn: Not dependent upon another quantity in respect to value or rate
of variation; -- said of quantities or functions.

8. (U. S. Politics)

Defn: Not bound by party; exercising a free choice in voting with
either or any party. Independent company (Mil.), one not incorporated
in any regiment.
 -- Independent seconds watch, a stop watch having a second hand
driven by a separate set of wheels, springs, etc., for timing to a
fraction of a second.
 -- Independent variable. (Math.) See Dependent variable, under
Dependent.

Syn.
 -- Free; uncontrolled; separate; uncoerced; self-reliant; bold;
unconstrained; unrestricted.

INDEPENDENT
In`de*pend"ent, n.

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: One who believes that an organized Christian church is complete
in itself, competent to self-government, and independent of all
ecclesiastical authority.

Note: In England the name is often applied (commonly in the pl.) to
the Congregationalists.

2. (Politics)

Defn: One who does not acknowledge an obligation to support a party's
candidate under all circumstances; one who exercises liberty in
voting.

INDEPENDENTISM
In`de*pend"ent*ism, n.

Defn: Independency; the church system of Independents. Bp. Gauden.

INDEPENDENTLY
In`de*pend"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an independent manner; without control.

INDEPOSABLE
In`de*pos"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being deposed. [R.]
Princes indeposable by the pope. Bp. Stillingfleet.

INDEPRAVATE
In*dep"ra*vate, a. Etym: [L. indepravatus.]

Defn: Undepraved. [R.] Davies (Holy Roode).

INDEPRECABLE
In*dep"re*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. indeprecabilis. See In- not, and
Deprecate.]

Defn: Incapable or undeserving of being deprecated. Cockeram.

INDEPREHENSIBLE
In*dep`re*hen"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. indeprehensibilis. See In- not,
and Deprehensible.]

Defn: Incapable of being found out. Bp. Morton.

INDEPRIVABLE
In`de*priv"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being deprived, or of being taken away.

INDESCRIBABLE
In`de*scrib"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being described.
 -- In`de*scrib"a*bly, adv.

INDESCRIPTIVE
In`de*scrip"tive, a.

Defn: Not descriptive.

INDESERT
In`de*sert", n.

Defn: Ill desert. [R.] Addison.

INDESINENT
In*des"i*nent, a. Etym: [L. indesinens. See In- not, and Desinent.]

Defn: Not ceasing; perpetual. [Obs.] Baxter.
 -- In*des"i*nent*ly, adv. [Obs.] Ray.

INDESIRABLE
In`de*sir"a*ble, a.

Defn: Undesirable.

INDESTRUCTIBILITY
In`de*struc`ti*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. indestructibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being indestructible.

INDESTRUCTIBLE
In`de*struc"ti*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + destructible: cf. F.
indestructible.]

Defn: Not destructible; incapable of decomposition or of being
destroyed.
 -- In`de*struc"ti*ble*ness, n.
 -- In`de*struc"ti*bly, adv.

INDETERMINABLE
In`de*ter"mi*na*ble, a. Etym: [L. indeterminabilis: cf. F.
indéterminable. See In- not, and Determine.]

Defn: Not determinable; impossible to be determined; not to be
definitely known, ascertained, defined, or limited.
 -- In`de*ter"mi*na*bly, adv.

INDETERMINABLE
In`de*ter"mi*na*ble, n.

Defn: An indeterminable thing or quantity. Sir T. Browne.

INDETERMINATE
In`de*ter"mi*nate, a. Etym: [L. indeterminatus.]

Defn: Not determinate; not certain or fixed; indefinite; not precise;
as, an indeterminate number of years. Paley. Indeterminate analysis
(Math.), that branch of analysis which has for its object the
solution of indeterminate problems.
 -- Indeterminate coefficients (Math.), coefficients arbitrarily
assumed for convenience of calculation, or to facilitate some
artifice of analysis. Their values are subsequently determined.
 -- Indeterminate equation (Math.), an equation in which the unknown
quantities admit of an infinite number of values, or sets of values.
A group of equations is indeterminate when it contains more unknown
quantities than there are equations.
 -- Indeterminate inflorescence (Bot.), a mode of inflorescence in
which the flowers all arise from axillary buds, the terminal bud
going on to grow and sometimes continuing the stem indefinitely; --
called also acropetal, botryose, centripetal, and indefinite
inflorescence. Gray.
 -- Indeterminate problem (Math.), a problem which admits of an
infinite number of solutions, or one in which there are fewer imposed
conditions than there are unknown or required results.
 -- Indeterminate quantity (Math.), a quantity which has no fixed
value, but which may be varied in accordance with any proposed
condition.
 -- Indeterminate series (Math.), a series whose terms proceed by the
powers of an indeterminate quantity, sometimes also with
indeterminate exponents, or indeterminate coefficients.
 -- In`de*ter"mi*nate*ly adv.
 -- In`de*ter"mi*nate*ness, n.

INDETERMINATION
In`de*ter`mi*na"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + determination: cf.
indétermination.]

1. Want of determination; an unsettled or wavering state, as of the
mind. Jer. Taylor.

2. Want of fixed or stated direction. Abp. Bramhall.

INDETERMINED
In`de*ter"mined, a.

Defn: Undetermined.

INDEVIRGINATE
In`de*vir"gin*ate, a. Etym: [See In- not, Devirginate.]

Defn: Not devirginate. [Obs.] Chapman.

INDEVOTE
In*de*vote", a. Etym: [L. indevotus: cf. F. indévot. Cf. Indevout.]

Defn: Not devoted. [Obs.] Bentley. Clarendon.

INDEVOTION
In`de*vo"tion, n. Etym: [L. indevotio: cf. F. indévotion.]

Defn: Want of devotion; impiety; irreligion. "An age of indevotion."
Jer. Taylor.

INDEVOUT
In*de*vout", a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + devout. Cf. Indevote.]

Defn: Not devout.
 -- In*de*vout"ly, adv.

INDEW
In*dew", v. t.

Defn: To indue. [Obs.] Spenser.

INDEX
In"dex, n.; pl. E. Indexes, L. Indices(. Etym: [L.: cf. F. index. See
Indicate, Diction.]

1. That which points out; that which shows, indicates, manifests, or
discloses.
Tastes are the indexes of the different qualities of plants.
Arbuthnot.

2. That which guides, points out, informs, or directs; a pointer or a
hand that directs to anything, as the hand of a watch, a movable
finger on a gauge, scale, or other graduated instrument. In printing,
a sign [*] used to direct particular attention to a note or
paragraph; -- called also fist.

3. A table for facilitating reference to topics, names, and the like,
in a book; -- usually alphabetical in arrangement, and printed at the
end of the volume.

4. A prologue indicating what follows. [Obs.] Shak.

5. (Anat.)

Defn: The second digit, that next pollex, in the manus, or hand; the
forefinger; index finger.

6. (Math.)

Defn: The figure or letter which shows the power or root of a
quantity; the exponent. [In this sense the plural is always indices.]
Index error, the error in the reading of a mathematical instrument
arising from the zero of the index not being in complete adjustment
with that of the limb, or with its theoretically perfect position in
the instrument; a correction to be applied to the instrument readings
equal to the error of the zero adjustment.
 -- Index expurgatorius. Etym: [L.] See Index prohibitorius (below).
 -- Index finger. See Index, 5.
 -- Index glass, the mirror on the index of a quadrant, sextant, etc.
 -- Index hand, the pointer or hand of a clock, watch, or other
registering machine; a hand that points to something.
 -- Index of a logarithm (Math.), the integral part of the logarithm,
and always one less than the number of integral figures in the given
number. It is also called the characteristic.
 -- Index of refraction, or Refractive index (Opt.), the number which
expresses the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine
of the angle of refraction. Thus the index of refraction for sulphur
is 2, because, when light passes out of air into sulphur, the sine of
the angle of incidence is double the sine of the angle of refraction.
 -- Index plate, a graduated circular plate, or one with circular
rows of holes differently spaced; used in machines for graduating
circles, cutting gear teeth, etc.
 -- Index prohibitorius Etym: [L.], or Prohibitory index (R. C. Ch.),
a catalogue of books which are forbidden by the church to be read;
the index expurgatorius Etym: [L.], or expurgatory index, is a
catalogue of books from which passages marked as against faith or
morals must be removed before Catholics can read them. These
catalogues are published with additions, from time to time, by the
Congregation of the Index, composed of cardinals, theologians, etc.,
under the sanction of the pope. Hook.
 -- Index rerum Etym: [L.], a tabulated and alphabetized notebook,
for systematic preservation of items, quotations, etc.

INDEX
In"dex, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indexed; p. pr. & vb. n. Indexing.]

Defn: To provide with an index or table of references; to put into an
index; as, to index a book, or its contents.

INDEXER
In"dex*er, n.

Defn: One who makes an index.

INDEXICAL
In*dex"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, an index; having the form of an
index.

INDEXICALLY
In*dex"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of an index.

INDEXTERITY
In`dex*ter"i*ty, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + dexterity: cf. F.
indextérité.]

Defn: Want of dexterity or readiness, especially in the use of the
hands; clumsiness; awkwardness. Harvey.

INDIA
In"di*a, n. Etym: [See Indian.]

Defn: A country in Southern Asia; the two peninsulas of Hither and
Farther India; in a restricted sense, Hither India, or Hindostan.
India ink, a nearly black pigment brought chiefly from China, used
for water colors. It is in rolls, or in square, and consists of
lampblack or ivory black and animal glue. Called also China ink. The
true India ink is sepia. See Sepia.
 -- India matting, floor matting made in China, India, etc., from
grass and reeds; -- also called Canton, or China, matting.
 -- India paper, a variety of Chinese paper, of smooth but not glossy
surface, used for printing from engravings, woodcuts, etc.
 -- India proof (Engraving), a proof impression from an engraved
plate, taken on India paper.
 -- India rubber. See Caoutchouc.
 -- India-rubber tree (Bot.), any tree yielding caoutchouc, but
especially the East Indian Ficus elastica, often cultivated for its
large, shining, elliptical leaves.

INDIADEM
In*di"a*dem, v. t.

Defn: To place or set in a diadem, as a gem or gems.

INDIAMAN
In"di*a*man, n.; pl. Indiamen (.

Defn: A large vessel in the India trade. Macaulay.

INDIAN
In"di*an, a Etym: [From India, and this fr. Indus, the name of a
river in Asia, L. Indus, Gr. Hindu, name of the land on the Indus,
Skr. sindhu river, the Indus. Cf. Hindoo.]

1. Of or pertaining to India proper; also to the East Indies, or,
sometimes, to the West Indies.

2. Of or pertaining to the aborigines, or Indians, of America; as,
Indian wars; the Indian tomahawk.

3. Made of maize or Indian corn; as, Indian corn, Indian meal, Indian
bread, and the like. [U.S.] Indian bay (Bot.), a lauraceous tree
(Persea Indica).
 -- Indian bean (Bot.), a name of the catalpa.
 -- Indian berry. (Bot.) Same as Cocculus indicus.
 -- Indian bread. (Bot.) Same as Cassava.
 -- Indian club, a wooden club, which is swung by the hand for
gymnastic exercise.
 -- Indian cordage, cordage made of the fibers of cocoanut husk.
 -- Indian corn (Bot.), a plant of the genus Zea (Z. Mays); the
maize, a native of America. See Corn, and Maize.
 -- Indian cress (Bot.), nasturtium. See Nasturtium, 2.
 -- Indian cucumber (Bot.), a plant of the genus Medeola (M.
Virginica), a common in woods in the United States. The white
rootstock has a taste like cucumbers.
 -- Indian currant (Bot.), a plant of the genus Symphoricarpus (S.
vulgaris), bearing small red berries.
 -- Indian dye, the puccoon.
 -- Indian fig. (Bot.) (a) The banyan. See Banyan. (b) The prickly
pear.
 -- Indian file, single file; arrangement of persons in a row
following one after another, the usual way among Indians of
traversing woods, especially when on the war path.
 -- Indian fire, a pyrotechnic composition of sulphur, niter, and
realgar, burning with a brilliant white light.
 -- Indian grass (Bot.), a coarse, high grass (Chrysopogon nutans),
common in the southern portions of the United States; wood grass.
Gray.
 -- Indian hemp. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Apocynum (A.
cannabinum), having a milky juice, and a tough, fibrous bark, whence
the name. The root it used in medicine and is both emetic and
cathartic in properties. (b) The variety of common hemp (Cannabis
Indica), from which hasheesh is obtained.
 -- Indian mallow (Bot.), the velvet leaf (Abutilon Avicennæ). See
Abutilon.
 -- Indian meal, ground corn or maize. [U.S.] -- Indian millet
(Bot.), a tall annual grass (Sorghum vulgare), having many varieties,
among which are broom corn, Guinea corn, durra, and the Chinese sugar
cane. It is called also Guinea corn. See Durra.
 -- Indian ox (Zoöl.), the zebu.
 -- Indian paint. See Bloodroot.
 -- Indian paper. See India paper, under India.
 -- Indian physic (Bot.), a plant of two species of the genus
Gillenia (G. trifoliata, and G. stipulacea), common in the United
States, the roots of which are used in medicine as a mild emetic; --
called also American ipecac, and bowman's root. Gray.
 -- Indian pink. (Bot.) (a) The Cypress vine (Ipomoea Quamoclit); --
so called in the West Indies. (b) See China pink, under China.
 -- Indian pipe (Bot.), a low, fleshy herb (Monotropa uniflora),
growing in clusters in dark woods, and having scalelike leaves, and a
solitary nodding flower. The whole plant is waxy white, but turns
black in drying.
 -- Indian plantain (Bot.), a name given to several species of the
genus Cacalia, tall herbs with composite white flowers, common
through the United States in rich woods. Gray.
 -- Indian poke (Bot.), a plant usually known as the white hellebore
(Veratrum viride).
 -- Indian pudding, a pudding of which the chief ingredients are
Indian meal, milk, and molasses.
 -- Indian purple. (a) A dull purple color. (b) The pigment of the
same name, intensely blue and black.
 -- Indian red. (a) A purplish red earth or pigment composed of a
silicate of iron and alumina, with magnesia. It comes from the
Persian Gulf. Called also Persian red. (b) See Almagra.
 -- Indian rice (Bot.), a reedlike water grass. See Rice.
 -- Indian shot (Bot.), a plant of the genus Canna (C. Indica). The
hard black seeds are as large as swan shot. See Canna.
 -- Indian summer, in the United States, a period of warm and
pleasant weather occurring late in autumn. See under Summer.
 -- Indian tobacco (Bot.), a species of Lobelia. See Lobelia.
 -- Indian turnip (Bot.), an American plant of the genus Arisæma. A.
triphyllum has a wrinkled farinaceous root resembling a small turnip,
but with a very acrid juice. See Jack in the Pulpit, and Wake-robin.
 -- Indian wheat, maize or Indian corn.
 -- Indian yellow. (a) An intense rich yellow color, deeper than
gamboge but less pure than cadmium. (b) See Euxanthin.

INDIAN
In"di*an, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of India.

2. One of the aboriginal inhabitants of America; -- so called
originally from the supposed identity of America with India.

INDIANEER
In`di*an*eer", n. (Naut.)

Defn: An Indiaman.

INDIA RUBBER
In"di*a rub"ber

Defn: . See Caoutchouc.

INDIA STEEL
In"di*a steel.

Defn: Same as Wootz.

INDICAL
In"dic*al, a. Etym: [From L. index, indicis, an index.]

Defn: Indexical. [R.] Fuller.

INDICAN
In"di*can, n. Etym: [See Indigo.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside obtained from woad (indigo plant) and other plants,
as a yellow or light brown sirup. It has a nauseous bitter taste, a
decomposes or drying. By the action of acids, ferments, etc., it
breaks down into sugar and indigo. It is the source of natural
indigo.

2. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An indigo-forming substance, found in urine, and other animal
fluids, and convertible into red and blue indigo (urrhodin and
uroglaucin). Chemically, it is indoxyl sulphate of potash, C8H6NSO4K,
and is derived from the indol formed in the alimentary canal. Called
also uroxanthin.

INDICANT
In"di*cant, a. Etym: [L. indicans, p. pr. indicare. See Indicate.]

Defn: Serving to point out, as a remedy; indicating.

INDICANT
In"di*cant, n.

Defn: That which indicates or points out; as, an indicant of the
remedy for a disease.

INDICATE
In"di*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Indicating.] Etym: [L. indicatus, p. p. of indicare to indicate;
pref. in- in + dicare to proclaim; akin to dicere to say. See
Diction, and cf. Indict, Indite.]

1. To point out; to discover; to direct to a knowledge of; to show;
to make known.
That turns and turns to indicate From what point blows the weather.
Cowper.

2. (Med.)

Defn: To show or manifest by symptoms; to point to as the proper
remedies; as, great prostration of strength indicates the use of
stimulants.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: To investigate the condition or power of, as of steam engine,
by means of an indicator.

Syn.
 -- To show; mark; signify; denote; discover; evidence; evince;
manifest; declare; specify; explain; exhibit; present; reveal;
disclose; display.

INDICATED
In"di*ca`ted, a.

Defn: Shown; denoted; registered; measured. Indicated power. See
Indicated horse power, under Horse power.

INDICATION
In`di*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. indicatio: cf. F. indication.]

1. Act of pointing out or indicating.

2. That which serves to indicate or point out; mark; token; sign;
symptom; evidence.
The frequent stops they make in the most convenient places are plain
indications of their weariness. Addison.

3. Discovery made; information. Bentley.

4. Explanation; display. [Obs.] Bacon.

5. (Med.)

Defn: Any symptom or occurrence in a disease, which serves to direct
to suitable remedies.

Syn.
 -- Proof; demonstration; sign; token; mark; evidence; signal.

INDICATIVE
In*dic"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. indicativus: cf. F. indicatif.]

1. Pointing out; bringing to notice; giving intimation or knowledge
of something not visible or obvious.
That truth id productive of utility, and utility indicative of truth,
may be thus proved. Bp. Warburton.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Suggestive; representing the whole by a part, as a fleet by a
ship, a forest by a tree, etc. Indicative mood (Gram.), that mood or
form of the verb which indicates, that is, which simply affirms or
denies or inquires; as, he writes; he is not writing; has the mail
arrived

INDICATIVE
In*dic"a*tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: The indicative mood.

INDICATIVELY
In*dic"a*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an indicative manner; in a way to show or signify.

INDICATOR
In"di*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. indicateur.]

1. One who, or that which, shows or points out; as, a fare indicator
in a street car.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A pressure gauge; a water gauge, as for a steam boiler; an
apparatus or instrument for showing the working of a machine or
moving part; as:
(a) (Steam Engine) An instrument which draws a diagram showing the
varying pressure in the cylinder of an engine or pump at every point
of the stroke. It consists of a small cylinder communicating with the
engine cylinder and fitted with a piston which the varying pressure
drives upward more or less against the resistance of a spring. A
lever imparts motion to a pencil which traces the diagram on a card
wrapped around a vertical drum which is turned back and forth by a
string connected with the piston rod of the engine. See Indicator
card (below).
(b) A telltale connected with a hoisting machine, to show, at the
surface, the position of the cage in the shaft of a mine, etc.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: The part of an instrument by which an effect is indicated, as
an index or pointer.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird of the genus Indicator and allied genera. See Honey
guide, under Honey.

5. (Chem.)

Defn: That which indicates the condition of acidity, alkalinity, or
the deficiency, excess, or sufficiency of a standard reagent, by
causing an appearance, disappearance, or change of color, as in
titration or volumetric analysis.

Note: The common indicators are limits, tropæolin, phenol phthalein,
potassic permanganate, etc. Indicator card, the figure drawn by an
engine indicator, by means of which the working of the engine can be
investigated and its power calculated. The Illustration shows one
form of indicator card, from a steam engine, together with scales by
which the pressure of the steam above or below that of the
atmosphere, corresponding to any position of the engine piston in its
stroke, can be measured. Called also indicator diagram.
 -- Indicator telegraph, a telegraph in which the signals are the
deflections of a magnetic needle, as in the trans-Atlantic system.

INDICATORY
In"di*ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving to show or make known; showing; indicative; signifying;
implying.

INDICATRIX
In`di*ca"trix, n. Etym: [NL.] (Geom. of Three Dimensions)

Defn: A certain conic section supposed to be drawn in the tangent
plane to any surface, and used to determine the accidents of
curvature of the surface at the point of contact. The curve is
similar to the intersection of the surface with a parallel to the
tangent plane and indefinitely near it. It is an ellipse when the
curvature is synclastic, and an hyperbola when the curvature is
anticlastic.

INDICAVIT
In`di*ca"vit, n. Etym: [L., he has indicated.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: A writ of prohibition against proceeding in the spiritual court
in certain cases, when the suit belongs to the common-law courts.
Wharton (Law Dict. ).

INDICE
In"dice, n. Etym: [F. indice indication, index. See Index.]

Defn: Index; indication. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

INDICES
In"di*ces, n. pl.

Defn: See Index.

INDICIA
In*di"ci*a, n. pl. Etym: [L., pl. of indicium, fr. index an index.]
(Law)

Defn: Discriminating marks; signs; tokens; indications; appearances.
Burrill.

INDICIBLE
In*dic"i*ble, a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Unspeakable. [Obs.]

INDICOLITE
In*dic"o*lite, n. Etym: [L. indicum indigo + -lite: cf. F.
indicolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of tourmaline of an indigo-blue color.

INDICT
In*dict", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indicted; p. pr. & vb. n. Indicting.]
Etym: [OE. enditen. See Indite.]

1. To write; to compose; to dictate; to indite. [Obs.]

2. To appoint publicly or by authority; to proclaim or announce.
[Obs.]
I am told shall have no Lent indicted this year. Evelyn.

3. (Law)

Defn: To charge with a crime, in due form of law, by the finding or
presentment of a grand jury; to find an indictment against; as, to
indict a man for arson. It is the peculiar province of a grand jury
to indict, as it is of a house of representatives to impeach.

INDICTABLE
In*dict"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being, or liable to be, indicted; subject to
indictment; as, an indictable offender or offense.

INDICTEE
In`dict*ee", n. (Law)

Defn: A person indicted.

INDICTER
In*dict"er, n.

Defn: One who indicts.

INDICTION
In*dic"tion, n. Etym: [L. indictio: cf. F. indiction. See Indict,
Indite.]

1. Declaration; proclamation; public notice or appointment. [Obs.]
"Indiction of a war." Bacon.
Secular princes did use to indict, or permit the indiction of, synods
of bishops. Jer. Taylor.

2. A cycle of fifteen years.

Note: This mode of reckoning time is said to have been introduced by
Constantine the Great, in connection with the payment of tribute. It
was adopted at various times by the Greek emperors of Constantinople,
the popes, and the parliaments of France. Through the influence of
the popes, it was extensively used in the ecclesiastical chronology
of the Middle Ages. The number of indictions was reckoned at first
from 312 a. d., but since the twelfth century it has been reckoned
from the birth of Christ. The papal indiction is the only one ever
used at the present day. To find the indiction and year of the
indiction by the first method, subtract 312 from the given year a.
d., and divide by 15; by the second method, add 3 to the given year
a. d., and the divide by 15. In either case, the quotient is the
number of the current indiction, and the remainder the year of the
indiction. See Cycle of indiction, under Cycle.

INDICTIVE
In*dic"tive, a. Etym: [L. indictivus. See Indict.]

Defn: Proclaimed; declared; public. Kennet.

INDICTMENT
In*dict"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. Inditement.]

1. The act of indicting, or the state of being indicted.

2. (Law)

Defn: The formal statement of an offense, as framed by the
prosecuting authority of the State, and found by the grand jury.

Note: To the validity of an indictment a finding by the grand jury is
essential, while an information rests only on presentation by the
prosecuting authority.

3. An accusation in general; a formal accusation. Bill of indictment.
See under Bill.

INDICTOR
In*dict"or, n. (Law)

Defn: One who indicts. Bacon.

INDIES
In"dies, n. pl.

Defn: A name designating the East Indies, also the West Indies.
Our king has all the Indies in his arms. Shak.

INDIFFERENCE
In*dif"fer*ence, n. Etym: [L. indifferentia similarity, want of
difference: cf. F. indifférence.]

1. The quality or state of being indifferent, or not making a
difference; want of sufficient importance to constitute a difference;
absence of weight; insignificance.

2. Passableness; mediocrity.

3. Impartiality; freedom from prejudice, prepossession, or bias.
He . . . is far from such indifference and equity as ought and must
be in judges which he saith I assign. Sir T. More.

4. Absence of anxiety or interest in respect to what is presented to
the mind; unconcernedness; as, entire indifference to all that
occurs.
Indifference can not but be criminal, when it is conversant about
objects which are so far from being of an indifferent nature, that
they are highest importance. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Carelessness; negligence; unconcern; apathy; insensibility;
coldness; lukewarmness.

INDIFFERENCY
In*dif"fer*en*cy, n.

Defn: Absence of interest in, or influence from, anything;
unconcernedness; equilibrium; indifferentism; indifference.
Gladstone.
To give ourselves to a detestable indifferency or neutrality in this
cause. Fuller.
Moral liberty . . . does not, after all, consist in a power of
indifferency, or in a power of choosing without regard to motives.
Hazlitt.

INDIFFERENT
In*dif"fer*ent, a. Etym: [F. indifférent, L. indifferens. See In-
not, and Different.]

1. Not mal
Dangers are to me indifferent. Shak.
Everything in the world is indifferent but sin. Jer. Taylor.
His slightest and most indifferent acts . . . were odious in the
clergyman's sight. Hawthorne.

2. Neither particularly good, not very bad; of a middle state or
quality; passable; mediocre.
The staterooms are in indifferent order. Sir W. Scott.

3. Not inclined to one side, party, or choice more than to another;
neutral; impartial.
Indifferent in his choice to sleep or die. Addison.

4. Feeling no interest, anxiety, or care, respecting anything;
unconcerned; inattentive; apathetic; heedless; as, to be indifferent
to the welfare of one's family.
It was a law of Solon, that any person who, in the civil commotions
of the republic, remained neuter, or an indifferent spectator of the
contending parties, should be condemned to perpetual banishment.
Addison.

5. (Law)

Defn: Free from bias or prejudice; impartial; unbiased;
disinterested.
In choice of committees for ripening business for the counsel, it is
better indifferent persons than to make an indifferency by putting in
those that are strong on both sides. Bacon.
Indifferent tissue (Anat.), the primitive, embryonic,
undifferentiated tissue, before conversion into connective, muscular,
nervous, or other definite tissue.

INDIFFERENT
In*dif"fer*ent, adv.

Defn: To a moderate degree; passably; tolerably. [Obs.] "News
indifferent good." Shak.

INDIFFERENTISM
In*dif"fer*ent*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. indifférentisme.]

1. State of indifference; want of interest or earnestness;
especially, a systematic apathy regarding what is true or false in
religion or philosophy; agnosticism.
The indifferentism which equalizes all religions and gives equal
rights to truth and error. Cardinal Manning.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: Same as Identism.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A heresy consisting in an unconcern for any particular creed,
provided the morals be right and good. Gregory XVI.

INDIFFERENTIST
In*dif"fer*ent*ist, n.

Defn: One governed by indifferentism.

INDIFFERENTLY
In*dif"fer*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an indifferent manner; without distinction or preference;
impartially; without concern, wish, affection, or aversion;
tolerably; passably.
That they may truly and indifferently minister justice, to the
punishment of wickedness and vice, and to the maintenance of thy true
religion, and virtue. Book of Com. Prayer [Eng. Ed. ]
Set honor in one eye and death i' the other, And I will look on both
indifferently. Shak.
I hope it may indifferently entertain your lordship at an unbending
hour. Rowe.

INDIFULVIN
In`di*ful"vin, n. Etym: [Indican + L. fulvus reddish yellow.] (Chem.)

Defn: A reddish resinous substance, obtained from indican.

INDIFUSCIN
In`di*fus"cin, n. Etym: [Indican + L. fuscus dusky.] (Chem.)

Defn: A brown amorphous powder, obtained from indican.

INDIGEEN
In"di*geen, n.

Defn: Same as Indigene. Darwin.

INDIGENCE
In"di*gence, n. Etym: [L. indigentia: cf. F. indigence. See
Indigent.]

Defn: The condition of being indigent; want of estate, or means of
comfortable subsistence; penury; poverty; as, helpless, indigence.
Cowper.

Syn.
 -- Poverty; penury; destitution; want; need; privation; lack. See
Poverty.

INDIGENCY
In"di*gen*cy, n.

Defn: Indigence.
New indigencies founded upon new desires. South.

INDIGENE
In"di*gene, n. Etym: [L. indigena: cf. F. indigène. See Indigenous.]

Defn: One born in a country; an aboriginal animal or plant; an
autochthon. Evelyn. Tylor.

INDIGENOUS
In*dig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. indigenus, indigena, fr. OL. indu (fr. in
in) + the root of L. gignere to beget, bear. See In, and Gender.]

1. Native; produced, growing, or living, naturally in a country or
climate; not exotic; not imported.
Negroes were all transported from Africa and are not indigenous or
proper natives of America. Sir T. Browne.
In America, cotton, being indigenous, is cheap. Lion Playas.

2. Native; inherent; innate.
Joy and hope are emotions indigenous to the human mind. I. Taylor.

INDIGENT
In"di*gent, a. Etym: [L. indigent, L. indigens, p. p. of indigere to
stand in need of, fr. OL. indu (fr. in- in) + L. egere to be needy,
to need.]

1. Wanting; void; free; destitute; -- used with of. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. Destitute of property or means of comfortable subsistence; needy;
poor; in want; necessitous.
Indigent faint souls past corporal toil. Shak.
Charity consists in relieving the indigent. Addison.

INDIGENTLY
In"di*gent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an indigent manner.

INDIGEST
In`di*gest", a. Etym: [L. indigestus unarranged. See Indigested.]

Defn: Crude; unformed; unorganized; undigested. [Obs.] "A chaos rude
and indigest." W. Browne. "Monsters and things indigest." Shak.

INDIGEST
In`di*gest", n.

Defn: Something indigested. [Obs.] Shak.

INDIGESTED
In`di*gest"ed, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + digested.]

1. Not digested; undigested. "Indigested food." Dryden.

2. Not resolved; not regularly disposed and arranged; not methodical;
crude; as, an indigested array of facts.
In hot reformations . . . the whole is generally crude, harsh, and
indigested. Burke.
This, like an indigested meteor, appeared and disappeared almost at
the same time. South.

3. (Med.)
(a) Not in a state suitable for healing; -- said of wounds.
(b) Not ripened or suppurated; -- said of an abscess or its contents.

4. Not softened by heat, hot water, or steam.

INDIGESTEDNESS
In`di*gest"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being undigested; crudeness. Bp.
Burnet.

INDIGESTIBILITY
In*di*gest`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being indigestible; indigestibleness.

INDIGESTIBLE
In`di*gest"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. indigestibilis: cf. F. indigestible.
See In- not, and Digest.]

1. Not digestible; not readily soluble in the digestive juices; not
easily convertible into products fitted for absorption.

2. Not digestible in the mind; distressful; intolerable; as, an
indigestible simile. T. Warton.
 -- In`di*gest"i*ble*ness, n.
 -- In`di*gest"i*bly, adv.

INDIGESTION
In`di*ges"tion, n. Etym: [L. indigestio: cf. F. indigestion. See In-
not, and Digest.]

Defn: Lack of proper digestive action; a failure of the normal
changes which food should undergo in the alimentary canal; dyspepsia;
incomplete or difficult digestion.

INDIGITATE
In*dig"i*tate, v. i. Etym: [Pref. in- in + L. digitus finger.]

Defn: To communicative ideas by the fingers; to show or compute by
the fingers. [Obs.]

INDIGITATE
In*dig"i*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indigitated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Indigitating.]

Defn: To point out with the finger; to indicate. [Obs.]
The depressing this finger, . . . in the right hand indigitate six
hundred. Sir T. Browne.

INDIGITATION
In*dig`i*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of pointing out as with the finger; indication. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.

INDIGLUCIN
In`di*glu"cin, n. Etym: [Indican + glucin.] (Chem.)

Defn: The variety of sugar (glucose) obtained from the glucoside
indican. It is unfermentable, but reduces Fehling's solution.

INDIGN
In*dign", a. Etym: [L. indignus; pref. in- not + dignus worthy: cf.
F. indigne. See Dignity.]

Defn: Unworthy; undeserving; disgraceful; degrading. Chaucer.
Counts it scorn to draw Comfort indign from any meaner thing. Trench.

INDIGNANCE; INDIGNANCY
In*dig"nance, In*dig"nan*cy, n.

Defn: Indignation. [Obs.] Spenser.

INDIGNANT
In*dig"nant, a. Etym: [L. indignans, -antis, p. pr. of indignari to
be indignant, disdain. See Indign.]

Defn: Affected with indignation; wrathful; passionate; irate; feeling
wrath, as when a person is exasperated by unworthy or unjust
treatment, by a mean action, or by a degrading accusation.
He strides indignant, and with haughty cries To single fight the
fairy prince defies. Tickell.

INDIGNANTLY
In*dig"nant*ly, adv.

Defn: In an indignant manner.

INDIGNATION
In`dig*na"tion, n. Etym: [F. indignation, L. indignatio. See Indign.]

1. The feeling excited by that which is unworthy, base, or
disgraceful; anger mingled with contempt, disgust, or abhorrence.
Shak.
Indignation expresses a strong and elevated disapprobation of mind,
which is also inspired by something flagitious in the conduct of
another. Cogan.
When Haman saw Mordecai in the king's gate, that he stood not up, nor
moved for him, he was full of indignation against Mordecai. Esther v.
9.

2. The effect of anger; punishment. Shak.
Hide thyself . . . until the indignation be overpast. Is. xxvi. 20.

Syn.
 -- Anger; ire wrath; fury; rage. See Anger.

INDIGNIFY
In*dig"ni*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. indignus unworthy + -fy.]

Defn: To treat disdainfully or with indignity; to contemn. [Obs.]
Spenser.

INDIGNITY
In*dig"ni*ty, n.; pl. Indignities. Etym: [L. indignitas: cf. F.
indignité. See Indign.]

Defn: Any action toward another which manifests contempt for him; an
offense against personal dignity; unmerited contemptuous treatment;
contumely; incivility or injury, accompanied with insult.
How might a prince of my great hopes forget So great indignities you
laid upon me Shak.
A person of so great place and worth constrained to endure so foul
indignities. Hooker.

INDIGNLY
In*dign"ly, adv.

Defn: Unworthily. [Obs.]

INDIGO
In"di*go, n.; pl. Indigoes. Etym: [F. indigo, Sp. indigo, indico, L.
indicum indigo, fr. Indicus Indian. See Indian.]

1. A kind of deep blue, one of the seven prismatic colors.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A blue dyestuff obtained from several plants belonging to very
different genera and orders; as, the woad, Isatis tinctoria,
Indigofera tinctoria, I. Anil, Nereum tinctorium, etc. It is a dark
blue earthy substance, tasteless and odorless, with a copper-violet
luster when rubbed. Indigo does not exist in the plants as such, but
is obtained by decomposition of the glycoside indican.

Note: Commercial indigo contains the essential coloring principle
indigo blue or indigotine, with several other dyes; as, indigo red,
indigo brown, etc., and various impurities. Indigo is insoluble in
ordinary reagents, with the exception of strong sulphuric acid.
Chinese indigo (Bot.), Isatis indigotica, a kind of woad.
 -- Wild indigo (Bot.), the American herb Baptisia tinctoria which
yields a poor quality of indigo, as do several other species of the
same genus.

INDIGO
In"di*go, a.

Defn: Having the color of, pertaining to, or derived from, indigo.
Indigo berry (Bot.), the fruit of the West Indian shrub Randia
aculeata, used as a blue dye.
 -- Indigo bird (Zoöl.), a small North American finch (Cyanospiza
cyanea). The male is indigo blue in color. Called also indigo
bunting.
 -- Indigo blue. (a) The essential coloring material of commercial
indigo, from which it is obtained as a dark blue earthy powder, with
a reddish luster, C16H10N2O2, which may be crystallized by
sublimation. Indigo blue is also made from artificial amido cinnamic
acid, and from artificial isatine; and these methods are of great
commercial importance. Called also indigotin. (b) A dark, dull blue
color like the indigo of commerce.
 -- Indigo brown (Chem.), a brown resinous substance found in crude
indigo.
 -- Indigo copper (Min.), covellite.
 -- Indigo green, a green obtained from indigo.
 -- Indigo plant (Bot.), a leguminous plant of several species (genus
Indigofera), from which indigo is prepared. The different varieties
are natives of Asia, Africa, and America. Several species are
cultivated, of which the most important are the I. tinctoria, or
common indigo plant, the I. Anil, a larger species, and the I.
disperma.
 -- Indigo purple, a purple obtained from indigo.
 -- Indigo red, a dyestuff, isomeric with indigo blue, obtained from
crude indigo as a dark brown amorphous powder.
 -- Indigo snake (Zoöl.), the gopher snake.
 -- Indigo white, a white crystalline powder obtained by reduction
from indigo blue, and by oxidation easily changed back to it; --
called also indigogen.
 -- Indigo yellow, a substance obtained from indigo.

INDIGOFERA
In`di*gof"e*ra, n. Etym: [NL., from E. indigo + L. ferre to bear.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous plants having many species, mostly in
tropical countries, several of them yielding indigo, esp. Indigofera
tinctoria, and I. Anil.

INDIGOGEN
In"di*go*gen, n. Etym: [Indigo + -gen.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: See Indigo white, under Indigo.

2. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Same as Indican, 2.

INDIGOMETER
In`di*gom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Indigo + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the strength of an indigo
solution, as in volumetric analysis. Ure.

INDIGOMETRY
In`di*gom"e*try, n.

Defn: The art or method of determining the coloring power of indigo.

INDIGOTIC
In`di*got"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. indigotique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, indigo; as, indigotic acid,
which is also called anilic or nitrosalicylic acid.

INDIGOTIN
In"di*go*tin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Indigo blue, under Indigo.

INDIGRUBIN
In`dig*ru"bin, n. Etym: [Indigo + L. ruber red.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Same as Urrhodin.

INDIHUMIN
In`di*hu"min, n. Etym: [Indican + humin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A brown amorphous substance resembling humin, and obtained from
indican.

INDILATORY
In*dil"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Not dilatory. [Obs.]

INDILIGENCE
In*dil"i*gence, n. Etym: [L. indiligentia: cf. F. indiligence.]

Defn: Want of diligence. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

INDILIGENT
In*dil"i*gent, a. Etym: [L. indiligens: cf. F. indiligent. See
Diligent.]

Defn: Not diligent; idle; slothful. [Obs.] Feltham.
 -- In*dil"i*gent*ly, adv. [Obs.]

INDIMINISHABLE
In`di*min"ish*a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being diminished. [R.] Milton.

INDIN
In"din, n. Etym: [From Indigo.] (Chem.)

Defn: A dark red crystalline substance, isomeric with and resembling
indigo blue, and obtained from isatide and dioxindol.

INDIRECT
In`di*rect", a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + direct: cf. F. indirect.]

1. Not direct; not straight or rectilinear; deviating from a direct
line or course; circuitous; as, an indirect road.

2. Not tending to an aim, purpose, or result by the plainest course,
or by obvious means, but obliquely or consequentially; by remote
means; as, an indirect accusation, attack, answer, or proposal.
By what bypaths and indirect, crooked ways I met this crown. Shak.

3. Not straightforward or upright; unfair; dishonest; tending to
mislead or deceive.
Indirect dealing will be discovered one time or other. Tillotson.

4. Not resulting directly from an act or cause, but more or less
remotely connected with or growing out of it; as, indirect results,
damages, or claims.

5. (Logic & Math.)

Defn: Not reaching the end aimed at by the most plain and direct
method; as, an indirect proof, demonstration, etc. Indirect claims,
claims for remote or consequential damage. Such claims were presented
to and thrown out by the commissioners who arbitrated the damage
inflicted on the United States by the Confederate States cruisers
built and supplied by Great Britain.
 -- Indirect demonstration, a mode of demonstration in which proof is
given by showing that any other supposition involves an absurdity
(reductio ad absurdum), or an impossibility; thus, one quantity may
be proved equal to another by showing that it can be neither greater
nor less.
 -- Indirect discourse. (Gram.) See Direct discourse, under Direct.
 -- Indirect evidence, evidence or testimony which is circumstantial
or inferential, but without witness; -- opposed to direct evidence.
 -- Indirect tax, a tax, such as customs, excises, etc., exacted
directly from the merchant, but paid indirectly by the consumer in
the higher price demanded for the articles of merchandise.

INDIRECTED
In`di*rect"ed, a.

Defn: Not directed; aimless. [Obs.]

INDIRECTION
In`di*rec"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. indirection.]

Defn: Oblique course or means; dishonest practices; indirectness. "By
indirections find directions out." Shak.

INDIRECTLY
In`di*rect"ly, adv.

Defn: In an direct manner; not in a straight line or course; not in
express terms; obliquely; not by direct means; hence, unfairly;
wrongly.
To tax it indirectly by taxing their expense. A. Smith.
Your crown and kingdom indirectly held. Shak.

INDIRECTNESS
In`di*rect"ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being indirect; obliquity; deviousness;
crookedness.

2. Deviation from an upright or straightforward course; unfairness;
dishonesty. W. Montagu.

INDIRETIN
In`di*re"tin, n. Etym: [Indian + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A dark brown resinous substance obtained from indican.

INDIRUBIN
In`di*ru"bin, n. Etym: [Indigo + L. ruber red.] (Chem.)

Defn: A substance isomeric with, and resembling, indigo blue, and
accompanying it as a side product, in its artificial production.

INDISCERNIBLE
In`dis*cern"i*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + discernible: cf. F.
indiscernable.]

Defn: Not to be discerned; imperceptible; not discoverable or
visible.
Secret and indiscernible ways. Jer. Taylor.
-- In`dis*cern"i*ble*ness, n.
 -- In`dis*cern"i*bly, adv.

INDISCERPIBILITY; INDISCERPTIBILITY
In`dis*cerp`i*bil"i*ty, In`dis*cerp`ti*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being indiscerpible. [Obs.] Dr. H.
More.

INDISCERPIBLE; INDISCERPTIBLE
In`dis*cerp"i*ble, In`dis*cerp"ti*ble, a.

Defn: Not discerpible; inseparable. [Obs.] Bp. Butler.
 -- In`dis*cerp"i*ble*ness, n., In`dis*cerp"ti*ble*ness, n. [Obs.] --
In`dis*cerp"ti*bly, adv. [Obs.]

INDISCIPLINABLE
In*dis"ci*plin*a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + disciplinable: cf. F.
indisciplinable.]

Defn: Not disciplinable; undisciplinable. [R.]

INDISCIPLINE
In*dis"ci*pline, n. Etym: [L. indisplina: cf. F. indiscipline. See
In- not, and Discipline.]

Defn: Want of discipline or instruction. [R.]

INDISCOVERABLE
In`dis*cov"er*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not discoverable; undiscoverable. J. Conybeare.

INDISCOVERY
In`dis*cov"er*y, n.

Defn: Want of discovery. [Obs.]

INDISCREET
In`dis*creet", a. Etym: [OE. indiscret, F. indiscret, fr. L.
indiscretus unseparated, indiscreet. See In- not, and Discreet, and
cf. Indiscrete.]

Defn: Not discreet; wanting in discretion.
So drunken, and so indiscreet an officer. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Imprudent; injudicious; inconsiderate; rash; hasty; incautious;
heedless; undiscerning; foolish.
 -- In`dis*creet"ly, adv.
 -- In`dis*creet"ness, n.

INDISCRETE
In`dis*crete", a. Etym: [L. indiscretus unseparated. See Indiscreet.]

1. Indiscreet. [Obs.] Boyle.

2. Not discrete or separated; compact; homogenous.
An indiscrete mass of confused matter. Pownall.

INDISCRETION
In`dis*cre"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + discretion: cf. F.
indiscrétion.]

1. The quality or state of being indiscreet; want of discretion;
imprudence.

2. An indiscreet act; indiscreet behavior.
Past indiscretion is a venial crime. Cowper.

INDISCRIMINATE
In`dis*crim"i*nate, a.

Defn: Not discriminate; wanting discrimination; undistinguishing; not
making any distinction; confused; promiscuous. "Blind or
indiscriminate forgiveness." I. Taylor.
The indiscriminate defense of right and wrong. Junius.
-- In`dis*crim"i*nate*ly, adv. Cowper.

INDISCRIMINATING
In`dis*crim"i*na`ting, a.

Defn: Not discriminating.
 -- In`dis*crim"i*na`ting*ly, adv.

INDISCRIMINATION
In`dis*crim`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: Want of discrimination or distinction; impartiality. Jefferson.

INDISCRIMINATIVE
In`dis*crim"i*na*tive, a.

Defn: Making no distinction; not discriminating.

INDISCUSSED
In`dis*cussed", a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + discuss: cf. L.
indiscussus.]

Defn: Not discussed. [Obs.] Donne.

INDISPENSABILITY
In`dis*pen`sa*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. indispensabilité.]

Defn: Indispensableness.

INDISPENSABLE
In`dis*pen"sa*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + dispensable: cf. F.
indispensable.]

1. Not dispensable; impossible to be omitted, remitted, or spared;
absolutely necessary or requisite.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: Not admitting dispensation; not subject to release or
exemption. [R.]
The law was moral and indispensable. Bp. Burnet.

3. Unavoidable; inevitable. [Obs.] Fuller.

INDISPENSABLENESS
In`dis*pen"sa*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being indispensable, or absolutely
necessary. S. Clarke.

INDISPENSABLY
In`dis*pen"sa*bly, adv.

Defn: In an indispensable manner. "Indispensably necessary." Bp.
Warburton.

INDISPERSED
In`dis*persed", a.

Defn: Not dispersed. [R.]

INDISPOSE
In`dis*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indisposed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Indisposing.] Etym: [OE. indispos indisposed, feeble, or F. indisposé
indisposed. See In- not, and Dispose.]

1. To render unfit or unsuited; to disqualify.

2. To disorder slightly as regards health; to make somewhat. Shak.
It made him rather indisposed than sick. Walton.

3. To disincline; to render averse or unfavorable; as, a love of
pleasure indisposes the mind to severe study; the pride and
selfishness of men indispose them to religious duties.
The king was sufficiently indisposed towards the persons, or the
principles, of Calvin's disciples. Clarendon.

INDISPOSEDNESS
In`dis*pos"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being indisposed. [R.] Bp. Hall.

INDISPOSITION
In*dis`po*si"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. indisposition.]

1. The state of being indisposed; disinclination; as, the
indisposition of two substances to combine.
A general indisposition towards believing. Atterbury.

2. A slight disorder or illness.
Rather as an indisposition in health than as any set sickness.
Hayward.

INDISPUTABILITY
In*dis`pu*ta*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. indisputabilité.]

Defn: Indisputableness.

INDISPUTABLE
In*dis"pu*ta*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + disputable: cf. F.
indisputable.]

Defn: Not disputable; incontrovertible; too evident to admit of
dispute.

Syn.
 -- Incontestable; unquestionable; incontrovertible; undeniable;
irrefragable; certain; positive; undoubted; sure; infallible.
 -- In*dis"pu*ta*ble*ness, n.
 -- In*dis"pu*ta*bly, adv.

INDISPUTED
In`dis*put"ed, a.

Defn: Undisputed.

INDISSIPABLE
In*dis"si*pa*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable o

INDISSOLUBILITY
In*dis`so*lu*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. indissolubilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being indissoluble.

INDISSOLUBLE
In*dis"so*lu*ble, a. Etym: [L. indissolubilis: cf. F. indissoluble.
See In- not, and Dissoluble, and cf. Indissolvable.]

1. Not dissoluble; not capable of being dissolved, melted, or
liquefied; insoluble; as few substances are indissoluble by heat, but
many are indissoluble in water. Boyle.

2. Incapable of being rightfully broken or dissolved; perpetually
binding or obligatory; firm; stable, as, an indissoluble league or
covenant.
To the which my duties Are with a most indissoluble tie Forever knit.
Shak.

INDISSOLUBLENESS
In*dis"so*lu*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Indissolubility. Sir M. Hale.

INDISSOLUBLY
In*dis"so*lu*bly, adv.

Defn: In an indissoluble manner.
On they move, indissolubly firm. Milton.

INDISSOLVABLE
In`dis*solv"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + dissolvable. Cf.
Indissoluble.]

Defn: Not dissolvable; incapable of being dissolved or separated;
incapable oas, an indissolvable bond of union. Bp. Warburton.

INDISSOLVABLENESS
In`dis*solv"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Indissolubleness.

INDISTANCY
In*dis"tan*cy, n.

Defn: Want of distance o [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

INDISTINCT
In`dis*tinct", a. Etym: [L. indistinctus: cf. F. indistinct. See In-
not, and Distinct.]

1. Not distinct or distinguishable; not separate in such a manner as
to be perceptible by itself; as, the indistinct parts of a substance.
"Indistinct as water is in water." Shak.

2. Obscure to the mind or senses; not clear; not definite; confused;
imperfect; faint; as, indistinct vision; an indistinct sound; an
indistinct idea or recollection.
When we come to parts too small four our senses, our ideas of these
little bodies become obscure and indistinct. I. Watts.
Their views, indeed, are indistinct and dim. Cowper.

Syn.
 -- Undefined; indistinguishable; obscure; indefinite; vague;
ambiguous; uncertain; confused.

INDISTINCTIBLE
In`dis*tinc"ti*ble, a.

Defn: Indistinguishable. [Obs.] T. Warton.

INDISTINCTION
In`dis*tinc"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. indistinction.]

Defn: Want of distinction or distinguishableness; confusion;
uncertainty; indiscrimination.
The indistinction of many of the same name . . . hath made some
doubt. Sir T. Browne.
An indistinction of all persons, or equality of all orders, is far
from being agreeable to the will of God. Sprat.

INDISTINCTIVE
In`dis*tinc"tive, a.

Defn: Having nothing distinctive; common.
 -- In`dis*tinc"tive*ness, n.

INDISTINCTLY
In`dis*tinct"ly, adv.

Defn: In an indistinct manner; not clearly; confusedly; dimly; as,
certain ideas are indistinctly comprehended.
In its sides it was bounded distinctly, but on its ends confusedly an
indistinctly. Sir I. Newton.

INDISTINCTNESS
In`dis*tinct"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being indistinct; want of
definiteness; dimness; confusion; as, the indistinctness of a
picture, or of comprehension; indistinctness of vision.

INDISTINGUISHABLE
In`dis*tin"guish*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not distinguishable; not capable of being perceived, known, or
discriminated as separate and distinct; hence, not capable of being
perceived or known; as, in the distance the flagship was
indisguishable; the two copies were indisguishable in form or color;
the difference between them was indisguishable.

INDISTINGUISHABLY
In`dis*tin"guish*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a indistinguishable manner. Sir W. Scott.

INDISTINGUISHED
In`dis*tin"guished, a.

Defn: Indistinct. [R.] "That indistinguished mass." Sir T. Browne.

INDISTINGUISHING
In`dis*tin"guish*ing, a.

Defn: Making no difference; indiscriminative; impartial; as,
indistinguishing liberalities. [Obs.] Johnson.

INDISTURBANCE
In`dis*turb"ance, n.

Defn: Freedom from disturbance; calmness; repose; apathy;
indifference.

INDITCH
In*ditch", v. t.

Defn: To bury in, or cast into, a ditch. Bp. Hall.

INDITE
In*dite", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indited; p. pr. & vb. n. Inditing.]
Etym: [OE. enditen to indite, indict, OF. enditer to indicate, show,
dictate, write, inform, and endicter to accuse; both fr. LL.
indictare to show, to accuse, fr. L. indicere to proclaim, announce;
pref. in- in + dicere to say. The word was influenced also by L.
indicare to indicate, and by dictare to dictate. See Diction, and cf.
Indict, Indicate, Dictate.]

1. To compose; to write; to be author of; to dictate; to prompt.
My heart is inditing a good matter. Ps. xlv. 1.
Could a common grief have indited such expressions South.
Hear how learned Greece her useful rules indites. Pope.

2. To invite or ask. [Obs.]
She will indite him so supper. Shak.

3. To indict; to accuse; to censure. [Obs.] Spenser.

INDITE
In*dite", v. i.

Defn: To compose; to write, as a poem.
Wounded I sing, tormented I indite. Herbert.

INDITEMENT
In*dite"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. Indictment.]

Defn: The act of inditing. Craig.

INDITER
In*dit"er, n.

Defn: One who indites. Smart.

INDIUM
In"di*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Indigo.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element, discovered in certain ores of zinc, by
means of its characteristic spectrum of two indigo blue lines; hence,
its name. In appearance it resembles zinc, being white or lead gray,
soft, malleable and easily fusible, but in its chemical relation it
resembles aluminium or gallium. Symbol In. Atomic weight, 113.4.

INDIVERTIBLE
In`di*vert"i*ble, a.

Defn: Not to be diverted or turned aside. [R.] Lamb.

INDIVIDABLE
In`di*vid"a*ble, a.

Defn: Indivisible. [R.] Shak.

INDIVIDED
In`di*vid"ed, a.

Defn: Undivided. [R.] Bp. Patrick.

INDIVIDUAL
In`di*vid"u*al, a. Etym: [L. individuus indivisible; pref. in- not +
dividuus divisible, fr. dividere to divide: cf. F. individuel. See
Divide.]

1. Not divided, or not to be divided; existing as one entity, or
distinct being or object; single; one; as, an individual man, animal,
or city.
Mind has a being of its own, distinct from that of all other things,
and is pure, unmingled, individual substance. A. Tucker.
United as one individual soul. Milton.

2. Of or pertaining to one only; peculiar to, or characteristic of, a
single person or thing; distinctive; as, individual traits of
character; individual exertions; individual peculiarities.

INDIVIDUAL
In`di*vid"u*al, n.

1. A single person, animal, or thing of any kind; a thing or being
incapable of separation or division, without losing its identity;
especially, a human being; a person. Cowper.
An object which is in the strict and primary sense one, and can not
be logically divided, is called an individual. Whately.
That individuals die, his will ordains. Dryden.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) An independent, or partially independent, zooid of a compound
animal.
(b) The product of a single egg, whether it remains a single animal
or becomes compound by budding or fission.

INDIVIDUALISM
In`di*vid"u*al*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. individualisme.]

1. The quality of being individual; individuality; personality.

2. An excessive or exclusive regard to one's personal interest; self-
interest; selfishness.
The selfishness of the small proprietor has been described by the
best writers as individualism. Ed. Rev.

INDIVIDUALISTIC
In`di*vid`u*al*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the individual or individualism. London
Athenæum.

INDIVIDUALITY
In`di*vid`u*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Individualities. Etym: [Cf. F.
individualité.]

1. The quality or state of being individual or constituting an
individual; separate or distinct existence; oneness; unity.
Arbuthnot.
They possess separate individualities. H. Spencer.

2. The character or property appropriate or peculiar to an
individual; that quality which distinguishes one person or thing from
another; the sum of characteristic traits; distinctive character; as,
he is a person of marked individuality.

INDIVIDUALIZATION
In`di*vid`u*al*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. individualization.]

Defn: The act of individualizing; the state of being individualized;
individuation.

INDIVIDUALIZE
In`di*vid"u*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Individualized; p. pr. & vb.
n. Individualizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. individualiser.]

Defn: The mark as an individual, or to distinguish from others by
peculiar properties; to invest with individuality.
The peculiarities which individualize and distinguish the humor of
Addison. N. Drake.

INDIVIDUALIZER
In`di*vid"u*al*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who individualizes.

INDIVIDUALLY
In`di*vid"u*al*ly, adv.

1. In an individual manner or relation; as individuals; separately;
each by itself. "Individually or collectively." Burke.
How should that subsist solitarily by itself which hath no substance,
but individually the very same whereby others subsist with it Hooker.

2. In an inseparable manner; inseparably; incommunicably;
indivisibly; as, individuallyhe same.
[Omniscience], an attribute individually proper to the Godhead.
Hakewill.

INDIVIDUATE
In`di*vid"u*ate, a. Etym: [See Individual.]

Defn: Undivided. [Obs.]

INDIVIDUATE
In`di*vid"u*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Individuated (p. pr. & vb. n.
Individuating.]

Defn: To distinguish from others from others of the species; to endow
with individuality; to divide into individuals; to discriminate.
The soul, as the prime individuating principle, and the said reserved
portion of matter as an essential and radical part of the
individuation, shall . . . make up and restore the same individual
person. South.
Life is individuated into infinite numbers, that have their distinct
sense and pleasure. Dr. H. More.

INDIVIDUATION
In`di*vid`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. individuation.]

Defn: The act of individuating or state of being individuated;
individualization. H. Spencer.

INDIVIDUATOR
In`di*vid"u*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, individuates. Sir K. Digby.

INDIVIDUITY
In`di*vi*du"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. individuitas.]

Defn: Separate existence; individuality; oneness. Fuller.

INDIVINITY
In`di*vin"i*ty, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + divinity: cf. F.
indivinité.]

Defn: Want or absence of divine power or of divinity. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

INDIVISIBILITY
In`di*vis`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. indivisibilité.]

Defn: The state or property of being indivisible or inseparable;
inseparability. Locke.

INDIVISIBLE
In`di*vis"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. indivisibilis: cf. F. indivisible. See
In- not, and Divisible.]

1. Not divisible; incapable of being divided, separated, or broken;
not separable into parts. "One indivisible point of time." Dryden.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Not capable of exact division, as one quantity by another;
incommensurable.

INDIVISIBLE
In`di*vis"i*ble, n.

1. That which is indivisible.
By atom, nobody will imagine we intend to express a perfect
indivisible, but only the least sort of natural bodies. Digby.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: An infinitely small quantity which is assumed to admit of no
further division. Method of indivisibles, a kind of calculus,
formerly in use, in which lines were considered as made up of an
infinite number of points; surfaces, as made up of an infinite number
of lines; and volumes, as made up of an infinite number of surfaces.

INDIVISIBLENESS
In`di*vis"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being indivisible; indivisibility. W. Montagu.

INDIVISIBLY
In`di*vis"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In an indivisible manner.

INDIVISION
In`di*vi"sion, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + division: cf. F. indivision,
LL. indivisio.]

Defn: A state of being not divided; oneness. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

INDO-
In"do-. Etym: [From L. Indus East Indian.]

Defn: A prefix signifying Indian (i. e., East Indian); of or
pertaining of India.

INDOANILINE
In`do*an"i*line, n. Etym: [Indigo + aniline.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of artificial blue dyes, in appearance
resembling indigo, for which they are often used as substitutes.

INDO-ARYAN
In`do-Ar"yan, a.

Defn: Pert. to the Indo-Aryans, or designating, or of, the Aryan
languages of India.

INDO-ARYAN
In`do-Ar"yan, n.

Defn: A member of one of the native races of India of Aryan speech
and blood, characterized by tall stature, dolichocephaly, fair
complexion with dark hair and eyes, plentiful beard, and narrow and
prominent nose.

INDO-BRITON
In`do-*Brit"on, n. Etym: [Indo- + Briton.]

Defn: A person born in India, of mixed Indian and British blood; a
half-caste. Malcom.

INDO-CHINESE
In`do-Chi*nese", a. Etym: [Indo- + Chinese.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Indo-China (i. e., Farther India, or India
beyond the Ganges).

INDOCIBILITY
In*doc`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being indocible; indocibleness; indocility.

INDOCIBLE
In*doc"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. indocibilis. See In- not, and Docible.]

Defn: Incapable of being taught, or not easily instructed; dull in
intellect; intractable; unteachable; indocile. Bp. Hall.
 -- In*doc"i*ble*ness, n.

INDOCILE
In*doc"ile, a. Etym: [L. indocilis: cf. F. indocile. See In- not, and
Docile.]

Defn: Not teachable; indisposed to be taught, trained, or
disciplined; not easily instructed or governed; dull; intractable.

INDOCILITY
In`do*cil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. indocilitas: cf. F. indocilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being indocile; dullness of intellect;
unteachableness; intractableness.
The stiffness and indocility of the Pharisees. W. Montagu.

INDOCTRINATE
In*doc"tri*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indoctrinated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Indoctrinating.] Etym: [Pref. in- in + L. doctrina doctrine: cf. F.
endoctriner.]

Defn: To instruct in the rudiments or principles of learning, or of a
branch of learning; to imbue with learning; to instruct in, or imbue
with, principles or doctrines; to teach; -- often followed by in.
A master that . . . took much delight in indoctrinating his young,
unexperienced favorite. Clarendon.

INDOCTRINATION
In*doc`tri*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act of indoctrinating, or the condition of being
indoctrinated; instruction in the rudiments and principles of any
science or system of belief; information. Sir T. Browne.

INDO-DO-CHINESE LANGUAGES
In`do-do-Chinese languages.

Defn: A family of languages, mostly of the isolating type, although
some are agglutinative, spoken in the great area extending from
northern India in the west to Formosa in the east and from Central
Asia in the north to the Malay Peninsula in the south.

INDO-ENGLISH
In`do-Eng"lish, a. Etym: [Indo- + English.]

Defn: Of or relating to the English who are born or reside in India;
Anglo-Indian.

INDO-EUROPEAN
In`do-Eu`ro*pe"an, a.

Defn: Aryan; -- applied to the languages of India and Europe which
are derived from the prehistoric Aryan language; also, pertaining to
the people or nations who speak these languages; as, the Indo-
European or Aryan family.
The common origin of the Indo-European nations. Tylor.

INDOGEN
In"do*gen, n. Etym: [Indigo + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A complex, nitrogenous radical, C8H5NO, regarded as the
essential nucleus of indigo.

INDOGENIDE
In"do*gen*ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of the derivatives of indogen, which contain that group
as a nucleus.

INDO-GERMANIC
In`do-Ger*man"ic, a. Etym: [Indo- + Germanic.]

1. Same as Aryan, and Indo-European.

2. Pertaining to or denoting the Teutonic family of languages as
related to the Sanskrit, or derived from the ancient Aryan language.

INDOIN
In"do*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance resembling indigo blue, obtained artificially from
certain isatogen compounds.

INDOL
In"dol, n. Etym: [Indigo + -ol of phenol.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline substance, C8H7N, obtained from blue
indigo, and almost all indigo derivatives, by a process of reduction.
It is also formed from albuminous matter, together with skatol, by
putrefaction, and by fusion with caustic potash, and is present in
human excrement, as well as in the intestinal canal of some
herbivora.

INDOLENCE
In"do*lence, n. Etym: [L. indolentia freedom from pain: cf. F.
indolence.]

1. Freedom from that which pains, or harasses, as toil, care, grief,
etc. [Obs.]
I have ease, if it may not rather be called indolence. Bp. Hough.

2. The quality or condition of being indolent; inaction, or want of
exertion of body or mind, proceeding from love of ease or aversion to
toil; habitual idleness; indisposition to labor; laziness; sloth;
inactivity.
Life spent in indolence, and therefore sad. Cowper.
As there is a great truth wrapped up in "diligence," what a lie, on
the other hand, lurks at the root of our present use of the word
"indolence"! This is from "in" and "doleo," not to grieve; and
indolence is thus a state in which we have no grief or pain; so that
the word, as we now employ it, seems to affirm that indulgence in
sloth and ease is that which would constitute for us the absence of
all pain. Trench.

INDOLENCY
In"do*len*cy, n.

Defn: Indolence. [Obs.] Holland.

INDOLENT
In"do*lent, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + L. dolens, -entis, p. pr. of
dolere to feel pain: cf. F. indolent. See Dolorous.]

1. Free from toil, pain, or trouble. [Obs.]

2. Indulging in ease; avoiding labor and exertion; habitually idle;
lazy; inactive; as, an indolent man.
To waste long nights in indolent repose. Pope.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Causing little or no pain or annoyance; as, an indolent tumor.

Syn.
 -- Idle; lazy; slothful; sluggish; listless; inactive; inert. See
Idle.

INDOLENTLY
In"do*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an indolent manner.
Calm and serene you indolently sit. Addison.

INDOLES
In"do*les, n. Etym: [L. Cf. Adolescence.]

Defn: Natural disposition; natural quality or abilities.

INDOLIN
In"do*lin, n. Etym: [See Indol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A dark resinous substance, polymeric with indol, and obtained
by the reduction of indigo white.

INDOMABLE
In*dom"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. indomabilis; pref. in- not + domabilis
tamable.]

Defn: Indomitable. [Obs.]

INDOMITABLE
In*dom"i*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. indomitabilis; pref. in- not +
domitare, intens. fr. domare to tame. See Tame.]

Defn: Not to be subdued; untamable; invincible; as, an indomitable
will, courage, animal.

INDOMITE
In*dom"ite, a. Etym: [L. indomitus.]

Defn: Not tamed; untamed; savage; wild. [Obs.] J. Salkeld.

INDOMPTABLE
In*domp"ta*ble, a. Etym: [F. indomptable, L. indomitabilis.]

Defn: Indomitable. [Obs.] Tooke.

INDONESIAN
In`do*ne"sian, a.  [Indo- + Gr.  island.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Indonesia or Indonesians.

INDONESIAN
In`do*ne"sian, n.

Defn: A member of a race forming the chief pre-Malay population of
the Malay Archipelago, and probably sprung from a mixture of
Polynesian and Mongoloid immigrants. According to Keane, the
autochthonous Negritos were largely expelled by the Caucasian
Polynesians, themselves followed by Mongoloid peoples of Indo-Chinese
affinities, from mixture with whom sprang the Indonesian race.

The term Indonesian, introduced by Logan to designate the light-
colored non-Malay inhabitants of the Eastern Archipelago, is now used
as a convenient collective name for all the peoples of Malaysia and
Polynesia who are neither Malay nor Papuans, but of Caucasic type.  .
. . The true Indonesians are of tall stature (5 ft. 10 in.), muscular
frame, rather oval features, high, open forehead, large straight or
curved nose, large full eyes always horizontal and with no trace of
the third lid, light brown complexion (cinnamon or ruddy brown), long
black hair, not lank but often slightly curled or wavy, skull
generally brachycephalous like that of the melanochroic European.
A. H. Keane.

The Indonesians [of the Philippines], with the tribal population of
some 251, 200, live almost exclusively on the great island of
Mindanao. They are not only physically superior to the Negritos, but
to the peoples of the Malayan race as well, and are, as a rule, quite
intelligent.
Rep. Phil. Com. , 1902.

INDOOR
In"door`, a.

Defn: Done or being within doors; within a house or institution;
domestic; as, indoor work.

INDOORS
In"doors`, adv.

Defn: Within the house; -- usually separated, in doors.

INDOPHENOL
In`do*phe"nol, n. Etym: [Indigo + phenol.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of artificial blue dyestuffs, resembling
indigo in appearance, and obtained by the action of phenol on certain
nitrogenous derivatives of quinone. Simple indophenol proper has not
yet been isolated.

INDORSABLE
In*dors"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being indorsed; transferable; convertible.

INDORSATION
In`dor*sa"tion, n.

Defn: Indorsement. [Obs.]

INDORSE
In*dorse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indorsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Indorsing.]
Etym: [LL. indorsare. See Endorse.] [Written also endorse.]

1. To cover the back of; to load or burden. [Obs.]
Elephants indorsed with towers. Milton.

2. To write upon the back or outside of a paper or letter, as a
direction, heading, memorandum, or address.

3. (Law & Com.)

Defn: To write one's name, alone or with other words, upon the back
of (a paper), for the purpose of transferring it, or to secure the
payment of a

4. To give one's name or support to; to sanction; to aid by approval;
to approve; as, to indorse an opinion. To indorse in blank, to write
one's name on the back of a note or bill, leaving a blank to be
filled by the holder.

INDORSED
In*dorsed", a. (Her.)

Defn: See Addorsed.

INDORSEE
In`dor*see", n.

Defn: The person to whom a note or bill is indorsed, or assigned by
indorsement.

INDORSEMENT
In*dorse"ment, n. Etym: [From Indorse; cf. Endorsement.] [Written
also endorsement.]

1. The act of writing on the back of a note, bill, or other written
instrument.

2. That which is written on the back of a note, bill, or other paper,
as a name, an order for, or a receipt of, payment, or the return of
an officer, etc.; a writing, usually upon the back, but sometimes on
the face, of a negotiable instrument, by which the property therein
is assigned and transferred. Story. Byles. Burrill.

3. Sanction, support, or approval; as, the indorsement of a rumor, an
opinion, a course, conduct. Blank indorsement. See under Blank.

INDORSER; INDORSOR
In*dors"er, In*dors"or, n.

Defn: The person who indorses. [Written also endorser.]

INDOW
In*dow", v. t.

Defn: See Endow.

INDOWMENT
In*dow"ment, n.

Defn: See Endowment.

INDOXYL
In*dox"yl, n. Etym: [Indigo + hydroxyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous substance, C8H7NO, isomeric with oxindol,
obtained as an oily liquid.

INDOXYLIC
In`dox*yl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or producing, indoxyl; as, indoxylic acid.

INDRAUGHT
In"draught`, n.

1. An opening from the sea into the land; an inlet. [Obs.] Sir W.
Raleigh.

2. A draught of air or flow of water setting inward.

INDRAWN
In"drawn`, a.

Defn: Drawn in.

INDRENCH
In*drench", v. t.

Defn: To overwhelm with water; to drench; to drown. [Obs.] Shak.

INDRIS; INDRI
In"dris, In"dri, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any lemurine animal of the genus Indris.

Note: Several species are known, all of them natives of Madagascar,
as the diadem indris (I. diadema), which has a white ruff around the
forehead; the woolly indris (I. laniger); and the short-tailed or
black indris (I. brevicaudatus), which is black, varied with gray.

INDUBIOUS
In*du"bi*ous, a. Etym: [L. indubius. See In- not, and Dubious.]

1. Not dubious or doubtful; certain.

2. Not doubting; unsuspecting. "Indubious confidence." Harvey.

INDUBITABLE
In*du"bi*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. indubitabilis: cf. F. indubitable. See
In- not, and Dubitable.]

Defn: Not dubitable or doubtful; too evident to admit of doubt;
unquestionable; evident; apparently certain; as, an indubitable
conclusion.
 -- n.

Defn: That which is indubitable.

Syn.
 -- Unquestionable; evident; incontrovertible; incontestable;
undeniable; irrefragable.

INDUBITABLENESS
In*du"bi*ta*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being indubitable.

INDUBITABLY
In*du"bi*ta*bly, adv.

Defn: Undoubtedly; unquestionably; in a manner to remove all doubt.
Oracles indubitably clear and infallibly certain. Barrow.

INDUBITATE
In*du"bi*tate, a. Etym: [L. indubitatus; pref. in- not + dubitatus,
p. p. of dubitare to doubt.]

Defn: Not questioned or doubtful; evident; certain. [Obs.] Bacon.

INDUBITATE
In*du"bi*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. indubitatus, p. p. of indubitare;
pref. in- in + dubitare to doubt.]

Defn: To bring into doubt; to cause to be doubted. [Obs.]
To conceal, or indubitate, his exigency. Sir T. Browne.

INDUCE
In*duce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Induced; p. pr. & vb. n. Inducing.]
Etym: [L. inducere, inductum; pref. in- in + ducere to lead. See
Duke, and cf. Induct.]

1. To lead in; to introduce. [Obs.]
The poet may be seen inducing his personages in the first Iliad.
Pope.

2. To draw on; to overspread. [A Latinism] Cowper.

3. To lead on; to influence; to prevail on; to incite; to move by
persuasion or influence. Shak.
He is not obliged by your offer to do it, . . . though he may be
induced, persuaded, prevailed upon, tempted. Paley.
Let not the covetous desire of growing rich induce you to ruin your
reputation. Dryden.

4. To bring on; to effect; to cause; as, a fever induced by fatigue
or exposure.
Sour things induces a contraction in the nerves. Bacon.

5. (Physics)

Defn: To produce, or cause, by proximity without contact or
transmission, as a particular electric or magnetic condition in a
body, by the approach of another body in an opposite electric or
magnetic state.

6. (Logic)

Defn: To generalize or conclude as an inference from all the
particulars; -- the opposite of deduce.

Syn.
 -- To move; instigate; urge; impel; incite; press; influence;
actuate.

INDUCED CURRENT
In*duced" cur"rent. (Elec.)

Defn: A current due to variation in the magnetic field surrounding
its conductor.

INDUCEMENT
In*duce"ment, n. Etym: [From Induce.]

1. The act of inducing, or the state of being induced.

2. That which induces; a motive or consideration that leads one to
action or induces one to act; as, reward is an inducement to toil.
"Mark the inducement." Shak.

3. (Law)

Defn: Matter stated by way of explanatory preamble or introduction to
the main allegations of a pleading; a leading to.

Syn.
 -- Motive; reason; influence. See Motive.

INDUCER
In*du"cer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, induces or incites.

INDUCIBLE
In*du"ci*ble, a.

1. Capable of being induced, caused, or made to take place.

2. Obtainable by induction; derivable; inferable.

INDUCT
In*duct", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inducted; p. pr. & vb. n. Inducting.]
Etym: [L. inductus, p. p. of inducere. See Induce.]

1. To bring in; to introduce; to usher in.
The independent orator inducting himself without further ceremony
into the pulpit. Sir W. Scott.

2. To introduce, as to a benefice or office; to put in actual
possession of the temporal rights of an ecclesiastical living, or of
any other office, with the customary forms and ceremonies.
The prior, when inducted into that dignity, took an oath not to
alienate any of their lands. Bp. Burnet.

INDUCTANCE
In*duc"tance, n. (Elec.)

Defn: Capacity for induction; the coefficient of self-induction.

 The unit of inductance is the henry.

INDUCTANCE COIL
In*duc"tance coil. (Elec.)

Defn: A choking coil.

INDUCTEOUS
In*duc"te*ous, a. (Elec.)

Defn: Rendered electro-polar by induction, or brought into the
opposite electrical state by the influence of inductive bodies.

INDUCTILE
In*duc"tile, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + ductile: cf. F. inductile.]

Defn: Not ductile; incapable of being drawn into threads, as a metal;
inelastic; tough.

INDUCTILITY
In`duc*til"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being inductile.

INDUCTION
In*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. inductio: cf. F. induction. See Induct.]

1. The act or process of inducting or bringing in; introduction;
entrance; beginning; commencement.
I know not you; nor am I well pleased to make this time, as the
affair now stands, the induction of your acquaintance. Beau. & Fl.
These promises are fair, the parties sure, And our induction dull of
prosperous hope. Shak.

2. An introduction or introductory scene, as to a play; a preface; a
prologue. [Obs.]
This is but an induction: I will dMassinger.

3. (Philos.)

Defn: The act or process of reasoning from a part to a whole, from
particulars to generals, or from the individual to the universal;
also, the result or inference so reached.
Induction is an inference drawn from all the particulars. Sir W.
Hamilton.
Induction is the process by which we conclude that what is true of
certain individuals of a class, is true of the whole class, or that
what is true at certain times will be true in similar circumstances
at all times. J. S. Mill.

4. The introduction of a clergyman into a benefice, or of an official
into a office, with appropriate acts or ceremonies; the giving actual
possession of an ecclesiastical living or its temporalities.

5. (Math.)

Defn: A process of demonstration in which a general truth is gathered
from an examination of particular cases, one of which is known to be
true, the examination being so conducted that each case is made to
depend on the preceding one; -- called also successive induction.

6. (Physics)

Defn: The property by which one body, having electrical or magnetic
polarity, causes or induces it in another body without direct
contact; an impress of electrical or magnetic force or condition from
one body on another without actual contact. Electro-dynamic
induction, the action by which a variable or interrupted current of
electricity excites another current in a neighboring conductor
forming a closed circuit.
 -- Electro-magnetic induction, the influence by which an electric
current produces magnetic polarity in certain bodies near or around
which it passes.
 -- Electro-static induction, the action by which a body possessing a
charge of statical electricity develops a charge of statical
electricity of the opposite character in a neighboring body.
 -- Induction coil, an apparatus producing induced currents of great
intensity. It consists of a coil or helix of stout insulated copper
wire, surrounded by another coil of very fine insulated wire, in
which a momentary current is induced, when a current (as from a
voltaic battery), passing through the inner coil, is made, broken, or
varied. The inner coil has within it a core of soft iron, and is
connected at its terminals with a condenser; -- called also
inductorium, and Ruhmkorff's coil.
 -- Induction pipe, port, or valve, a pipe, passageway, or valve, for
leading or admitting a fluid to a receiver, as steam to an engine
cylinder, or water to a pump.
 -- Magnetic induction, the action by which magnetic polarity is
developed in a body susceptible to magnetic effects when brought
under the influence of a magnet.
 -- Magneto-electric induction, the influence by which a magnet
excites electric currents in closed circuits. Logical induction,
(Philos.), an act or method of reasoning from all the parts
separately to the whole which they constitute, or into which they may
be united collectively; the operation of discovering and proving
general propositions; the scientific method.
 -- Philosophical induction, the inference, or the act of inferring,
that what has been observed or established in respect to a part,
individual, or species, may, on the ground of analogy, be affirmed or
received of the whole to which it belongs. This last is the inductive
method of Bacon. It ascends from the parts to the whole, and forms,
from the general analogy of nature, or special presumptions in the
case, conclusions which have greater or less degrees of force, and
which may be strengthened or weakened by subsequent experience and
experiment. It relates to actual existences, as in physical science
or the concerns of life. Logical induction is founded on the
necessary laws of thought; philosophical induction, on the
interpretation of the indications or analogy of nature.

Syn.
 -- Deduction.
 -- Induction, Deduction. In induction we observe a sufficient number
of individual facts, and, on the ground of analogy, extend what is
true of them to others of the same class, thus arriving at general
principles or laws. This is the kind of reasoning in physical
science. In deduction we begin with a general truth, which is already
proven or provisionally assumed, and seek to connect it with some
particular case by means of a middle term, or class of objects, known
to be equally connected with both. Thus, we bring down the general
into the particular, affirming of the latter the distinctive
qualities of the former. This is the syllogistic method. By induction
Franklin established the identity of lightning and electricity; by
deduction he inferred that dwellings might be protected by lightning
rods.

INDUCTIONAL
In*duc"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or proceeding by, induction; inductive.

INDUCTION GENERATOR
In*duc"tion gen"er*a`tor.

Defn: A machine built as an induction motor and driven above
synchronous speed, thus acting as an alternating-current generator; -
- called also asynchronous generator. Below synchronism the machine
takes in electrical energy and acts as an induction motor; at
synchronism the power component of current becomes zero and changes
sign, so that above synchronism the machine (driven for this purpose
by mechanical power) gives out electrical energy as a generator.

INDUCTION MOTOR
Induction motor. (Elec.)

Defn: A type of alternating-current motor comprising two wound
members, one stationary, called the stator, and the other rotating,
called the rotor, these two members corresponding to a certain extent
to the field and armature of a direct-current motor.

INDUCTIVE
In*duct"ive, a. Etym: [LL. inductivus: cf. F. inductif. See Induce.]

1. Leading or drawing; persuasive; tempting; -- usually followed by
to.
A brutish vice, Inductive mainly to the sin of Eve. Milton.

2. Tending to induce or cause. [R.]
They may be . . . inductive of credibility. Sir M. Hale.

3. Leading to inferences; proceeding by, derived from, or using,
induction; as, inductive reasoning.

4. (Physics)
(a) Operating by induction; as, an inductive electrical machine.
(b) Facilitating induction; susceptible of being acted upon by
induction; as certain substances have a great inductive capacity.
Inductive embarrassment (Physics), the retardation in signaling on an
electric wire, produced by lateral induction.
 -- Inductive philosophy or method. See Philosophical induction,
under Induction.
 -- Inductive sciences, those sciences which admit of, and employ,
the inductive method, as astronomy, botany, chemistry, etc.

INDUCTIVELY
In*duct"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: By induction or inference.

INDUCTOMETER
In`duc*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Induction + -meter.] (Elec.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring or ascertaining the degree or rate
of electrical induction.

INDUCTOR
In*duct"or, n. Etym: [L., one who stirs up or rouses. See Induce.]

1. The person who inducts another into an office or benefice.

2. (Elec.)

Defn: That portion of an electrical apparatus, in which is the
inducing charge or current.

INDUCTORIUM
In`duc*to"ri*um, n.; pl. E. Inductoriums, L. Inductoria. Etym: [NL.,
fr. E. induction.] (Elec.)

Defn: An induction coil.

INDUCTRIC; INDUCTRICAL
In*duc"tric, In*duc"tric*al, a. (Elec.)

Defn: Acting by, or in a state of, induction; relating to electrical
induction.

INDUE
In*due", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indued; p. pr. & vb. n. Induing.]
[Written also endue.] Etym: [L. induere to put on, clothe, fr. OL.
indu (fr. in- in) + a root seen also in L. exuere to put off, divest,
exuviae the skin of an animal, slough, induviae clothes. Cf. Endue to
invest.]

1. To put on, as clothes; to draw on.
The baron had indued a pair of jack boots. Sir W. Scott.

2. To clothe; to invest; hence, to endow; to furnish; to supply with
moral or mental qualities.
Indu'd with robes of various hue she flies. Dryden.
Indued with intellectual sense and souls. Shak.

INDUEMENT
In*due"ment, n. Etym: [From Indue; cf. Indument, Enduement.]

Defn: The act of induing, or state of being indued; investment;
endowment. W. Montagu.

INDULGE
In*dulge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indulged; p. pr. & vb. n. Indulging.]
Etym: [L. indulgere to be kind or tender to one; cf. OIr. dilgud,
equiv. to L. remissio, OIr. dligeth, equiv. to L. lex, Goth. dulgs
debt.]

1. To be complacent toward; to give way to; not to oppose or
restrain; (a) when said of a habit, desire, etc.: to give free course
to; to give one's self up to; as, to indulge sloth, pride,
selfishness, or inclinations; (b) when said of a person: to yield to
the desire of; to gratify by compliance; to humor; to withhold
restraint from; as, to indulge children in their caprices or
willfulness; to indulge one's self with a rest or in pleasure.
Hope in another life implies that we indulge ourselves in the
gratifications of this very sparingly. Atterbury.

2. To grant as by favor; to bestow in concession, or in compliance
with a wish or request.
Persuading us that something must be indulged to public manners. Jer.
Taylor.
Yet, yet a moment, one dim ray of light Indulge, dread Chaos, and
eternal Night! Pope.

Note: It is remarked by Johnson, that if the matter of indulgence is
a single thing, it has with before it; if it is a habit, it has in;
as, he indulged himself with a glass of wine or a new book; he
indulges himself in idleness or intemperance. See Gratify.

INDULGE
In*dulge", v. i.

Defn: To indulge one's self; to gratify one's tastes or desires;
esp., to give one's self up (to); to practice a forbidden or
questionable act without restraint; -- followed by in, but formerly,
also, by to. "Willing to indulge in easy vices." Johnson.

INDULGEMENT
In*dulge"ment, n.

Defn: Indulgence. [R.] Wood.

INDULGENCE
In*dul"gence, n. Etym: [L. indulgentia: cf. F. indulgence.]

1. The act of indulging or humoring; the quality of being indulgent;
forbearance of restrain or control.
If I were a judge, that word indulgence should never issue from my
lips. Tooke.
They err, that through indulgence to others, or fondness to any sin
in themselves, substitute for repentance anything less. Hammond.

2. An indulgent act; favor granted; gratification.
If all these gracious indulgences are without any effect on us, we
must perish in our own folly. Rogers.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Remission of the temporal punishment due to sins, after the
guilt of sin has been remitted by sincere repentance; absolution from
the censures and public penances of the church. It is a payment of
the debt of justice to God by the application of the merits of Christ
and his saints to the contrite soul through the church. It is
therefore believed to diminish or destroy for sins the punishment of
purgatory.

INDULGENCE
In*dul"gence, v. t.

Defn: To grant an indulgence to.

INDULGENCY
In*dul"gen*cy, n.

Defn: Indulgence. Dryden.

INDULGENT
In*dul"gent, a. Etym: [L. indulgens, -entis, p. pr. of indulgere: cf.
F. indulgent. See Indulge.]

Defn: Prone to indulge; yielding to the wishes, humor, or appetites
of those under one's care; compliant; not opposing or restraining;
tolerant; mild; favorable; not severe; as, an indulgent parent. Shak.
The indulgent censure of posterity. Waller.
The feeble old, indulgent of their ease. Dryden.

INDULGENTIAL
In`dul*gen"tial, a.

Defn: Relating to the indulgences of the Roman Catholic Church.
Brevint.

INDULGENTLY
In*dul"gent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an indulgent manner; mildly; favorably. Dryden.

INDULGER
In*dul"ger, n.

Defn: One who indulges. W. Montagu.

INDULGIATE
In*dul"gi*ate, v. t.

Defn: To indulge. [R.] Sandys.

INDULINE
In"du*line, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. indigo.] (Chem.)
(a) Any one of a large series of aniline dyes, colored blue or
violet, and represented by aniline violet.
(b) A dark green amorphous dyestuff, produced by the oxidation of
aniline in the presence of copper or vanadium salts; -- called also
aniline black.

INDULT; INDULTO
In*dult", In*dul"to, n. Etym: [L. indultum indulgence, favor, fr.
indultus, p. p. of indulgere: cf. It. indulto, F. indult. See
Indulge.]

1. A privilege or exemption; an indulgence; a dispensation granted by
the pope.

2. (Spain)

Defn: A duty levied on all importations.

INDUMENT
In"du*ment, n. Etym: [L. indumentum a covering. See Indue, and cf.
Induement.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Plumage; feathers.

INDUPLICATE
In*du"pli*cate, a. (Bot.)
(a) Having the edges bent abruptly toward the axis; -- said of the
parts of the calyx or corolla in æstivation.
(b) Having the edges rolled inward and then arranged about the axis
without overlapping; -- said of leaves in vernation.

INDUPLICATIVE
In*du"pli*ca*tive, a. (Bot.)
(a) Having induplicate sepals or petals in æstivation.
(b) Having induplicate leaves in vernation.

INDURANCE
In*dur"ance, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Endurance.

INDURATE
In"du*rate, a. Etym: [L. induratus, p. p. of indurare to harden. See
Endure.]

1. Hardened; not soft; indurated. Tyndale.

2. Without sensibility; unfeeling; obdurate.

INDURATE
In"du*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indurated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Indurating.]

1. To make hard; as, extreme heat indurates clay; some fossils are
indurated by exposure to the air.

2. To make unfeeling; to deprive of sensibility; to render obdurate.

INDURATE
In"du*rate, v. i.

Defn: To grow hard; to harden, or become hard; as, clay indurates by
drying, and by heat.

INDURATED
In"du*ra`ted, a.

Defn: Hardened; as, indurated clay; an indurated heart. Goldsmith.

INDURATION
In`du*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. induration, L. induratio hardness of
heart.]

1. The act of hardening, or the process of growing hard.

2. State of being indurated, or of having become hard.

3. Hardness of character, manner, sensibility, etc.; obduracy;
stiffness; want of pliancy or feeling.
A certain induration of character had arisen from long habits of
business. Coleridge.

INDUSIAL
In*du"sial, a. Etym: [See Indusium.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, the petrified cases of the
larvæ of certain insects. Indusial limestone (Geol.), a fresh-water
limestone, largely composed of the agglomerated cases of caddice
worms, or larvæ of caddice flies (Phryganea). It is found in Miocene
strata of Auvergne, France, and some other localities.

INDUSIATE; INDUSIATED
In*du"si*ate, In*du"si*a`ted, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with an indusium.

INDUSIUM
In*du"si*um, n.; pl. Indu. Etym: [L., an under garment, fr. induere
to put on: cf. F. indusie the covering of the seed spots of ferns.]
(Bot.)
(a) A collection of hairs united so as to form a sort of cup, and
inclosing the stigma of a flower.
(b) The immediate covering of the fruit dots or sori in many ferns,
usually a very thin scale attached by the middle or side to a
veinlet.
(c) A peculiar covering found in certain fungi.

INDUSTRIAL
In*dus"tri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. industriel, LL. industrialis. See
Industry.]

Defn: Consisting in industry; pertaining to industry, or the arts and
products of industry; concerning those employed in labor, especially
in manual labor, and their wages, duties, and rights.
The great ideas of industrial development and economic social
amelioration. M. Arnold.

Industrial exhibition, a public exhibition of the various industrial
products of a country, or of various countries.
 -- Industrial school, a school for teaching one or more branches of
industry; also, a school for educating neglected children, and
training them to habits of industry.

INDUSTRIALISM
In*dus"tri*al*ism, n.

1. Devotion to industrial pursuits; labor; industry. J. S. Mill.

2. The principles or policy applicable to industrial pursuits or
organized labor.
Industrialism must not confounded with industriousness. H. Spencer.

INDUSTRIALLY
In*dus"tri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: With reference to industry.

INDUSTRIOUS
In*dus"tri*ous, a. Etym: [L. industrius, industriosus: cf. F.
industrieux. See Industry.]

1. Given to industry; characterized by diligence; constantly,
regularly, or habitually occupied; busy; assiduous; not slothful or
idle; -- commonly implying devotion to lawful and useful labor.
Frugal and industrious men are commonly friendly to the established
government. Sir W. Temple.

2. Steadily and perseveringly active in a particular pursuit or aim;
as, he was negligent in business, but industrious in pleasure; an
industrious mischief maker.
Industrious to seek out the truth of all things. Spenser.
-- In*dus"tri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- In*dus"tri*ous*ness, n.

INDUSTRY
In"dus*try, n.; pl. Industries. Etym: [L. industria, cf. industrius
diligent; of uncertain origin: cf. F. industrie.]

1. Habitual diligence in any employment or pursuit, either bodily or
mental; steady attention to business; assiduity; -- opposed to sloth
and idleness; as, industry pays debts, while idleness or despair will
increase them.
We are more industrious than our forefathers, because in the present
times the funds destined for the maintenance of industry are much
greater in proportion to those which are likely to be employed in the
maintenance of idleness, than they were two or three centuries ago.
A. Smith.

2. Any department or branch of art, occupation, or business;
especially, one which employs much labor and capital and is a
distinct branch of trade; as, the sugar industry; the iron industry;
the cotton industry.

3. (Polit. Econ.)

Defn: Human exertion of any kind employed for the creation of value,
and regarded by some as a species of capital or wealth; labor.

Syn.
 -- Diligence; assiduity; perseverance; activity; laboriousness;
attention. See Diligence.

INDUTIVE
In*du"tive, a. Etym: [L. indutus, p. p. of induere to put on. See
Indue.] (Bot.)

Defn: Covered; -- applied to seeds which have the usual integumentary
covering.

INDUVIAE
In*du"vi*æ, n. pl. Etym: [L., clothes, fr. induere to put on. See
Indue.] (Bot.)

Defn: Persistent portions of a calyx or corolla; also, leaves which
do not disarticulate from the stem, and hence remain for a long time.

INDUVIATE
In*du"vi*ate, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Covered with induviæ, as the upper part of the trunk of a palm
tree.

INDWELL
In"dwell`, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Indwelt; p. pr. & vb. n.
Indwelling.]

Defn: To dwell in; to abide within; to remain in possession.
The Holy Ghost became a dove, not as a symbol, but as a constantly
indwelt form. Milman.

INDWELLER
In"dwell`er n.

Defn: An inhabitant. Spenser.

INDWELLING
In"dwell`ing, n.

Defn: Residence within, as in the heart.
The personal indwelling of the Spirit in believers. South.

-INE
-ine (; 104).

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A suffix, indicating that those substances of whose names it is
a part are basic, and alkaloidal in their nature.

Note: All organic bases, and basic substances (especially nitrogenous
substances), are systematically written with the termination -ine;
as, quinine, morphine, guanidine, etc. All indifferent and neutral
substances, as proteids, glycerides, glucosides, etc., should
commonly be spelled with -in; as, gelatin, amygdalin, etc. This rue
has no application to those numerous commercial or popular names with
the termination -ine; as, gasoline, vaseline, etc.

2. (Organ. Chem.)

Defn: A suffix, used to indicate hydrocarbons of the second degree of
unsaturation; i. e., members of the acetyline series; as, hexine,
heptine, etc.

INEARTH
In*earth", v. t.

Defn: To inter. [R.] Southey.

INEBRIANT
In*e"bri*ant, a. Etym: [L. inebrians, p. pr. of inebriare. See
Inebriate.]

Defn: Intoxicating.

INEBRIANT
In*e"bri*ant, n.

Defn: Anything that intoxicates, as opium, alcohol, etc.; an
intoxicant. Smart.

INEBRIATE
In*e"bri*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inebriated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inebriating.] Etym: [L. inebriatus, p. p. of inebriare; pref. in- in
+ ebriare to make drunk, fr. ebrius drunk. See Ebriety.]

1. To make drunk; to intoxicate.
The cups That cheer but not inebriate. Cowper.

2. Fig.: To disorder the senses of; to exhilarate or elate as if by
spirituous drink; to deprive of sense and judgment; also, to stupefy.
The inebriating effect of popular applause. Macaulay.

INEBRIATE
In*e"bri*ate, v. i.

Defn: To become drunk. [Obs.] Bacon.

INEBRIATE
In*e"bri*ate, a. Etym: [L. inebriatus, p. p.]

Defn: Intoxicated; drunk; habitually given to drink; stupefied.
Thus spake Peter, as a man inebriate and made drunken with the
sweetness of this vision, not knowing what he said. Udall.

INEBRIATE
In*e"bri*ate, n.

Defn: One who is drunk or intoxicated; esp., an habitual drunkard;
as, an asylum fro inebriates.
Some inebriates have their paroxysms of inebriety. E. Darwin.

INEBRIATION
In*e`bri*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. inebriatio.]

Defn: The condition of being inebriated; intoxication; figuratively,
deprivation of sense and judgment by anything that exhilarates, as
success. Sir T. Browne.
Preserve him from the inebriation of prosperity. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- See Drunkenness.

INEBRIETY
In`e*bri"e*ty, n. Etym: [See Inebriate, Ebriety.]

Defn: Drunkenness; inebriation. E. Darwin.

INEBRIOUS
In*e"bri*ous, a.

Defn: Intoxicated, or partially so; intoxicating. [R.] T. Brown.

INEDIBLE
In*ed"i*ble, a. [LL. inedibilis. See In- not, and Edible.]

Defn: Not edible; not fit for food. -- In*ed`i*bil"i*ty (#), n.

INEDITED
In*ed"it*ed, a.

Defn: Not edited; unpublished; as, an inedited manuscript. T. Warton.

INEE
I`née", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An arrow poison, made from an apocynaceous plant (Strophanthus
hispidus) of the Gaboon country; -- called also onaye.

INEFFABILITY
In*ef`fa*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. ineffabilitas: cf. F. ineffabilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being ineffable; ineffableness;
unspeakableness.

INEFFABLE
In*ef"fa*ble, a. Etym: [L. ineffabilis: cf. F. ineffable. See In-
not, and Effable, Fame.]

Defn: Incapable of being expresses in words; unspeakable;
unutterable; indescribable; as, the ineffable joys of heaven.
Contentment with our lot . . . will diffuse ineffable contenBeattie.

INEFFABLENESS
In*ef"fa*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being ineffable or unutterable;
unspeakableness.

INEFFABLY
In*ef"fa*bly, adv.

Defn: In a manner not to be expressed in words; unspeakably. Milton.

INEFFACEABLE
In`ef*face"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + effaceable: cf. F.
ineffa.]

Defn: Incapable of being effaced; indelible; ineradicable.

INEFFACEABLY
In`ef*face"a*bly, adv.

Defn: So as not to be effaceable.

INEFFECTIBLE
In`ef*fect"i*ble, a.

Defn: Ineffectual; impracticable. [R.] Bp. Hall.

INEFFECTIVE
In`ef*fect"ive, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + effective: cf. F.
ineffectif.]

Defn: Not effective; ineffectual; futile; inefficient; useless; as,
an ineffective appeal.
The word of God, without the spirit, [is] a dead and ineffective
letter. Jer. Taylor.

INEFFECTIVELY
In`ef*fect"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ineffective manner; without effect; inefficiently;
ineffectually.

INEFFECTIVENESS
In`ef*fect"ive*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being ineffective.

INEFFECTUAL
In`ef*fec"tu*al, a.

Defn: Not producing the proper effect; without effect; inefficient;
weak; useless; futile; unavailing; as, an ineffectual attempt; an
ineffectual expedient. Pope.
The peony root has been much commended, . . . and yet has been by
many found ineffectual. Boyle.

Syn.
 -- Inefficient; useless; inefficacious; vain; fruitless; unavailing;
futile. See Uselesss, Inefficacious.

INEFFECTUALITY
In`ef*fec`tu*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: Ineffectualness. [R.]

INEFFECTUALLY
In`ef*fec"tu*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Without effect; in vain.
Hereford . . . had been besieged for abouineffectually by the Scots.
Ludlow.

INEFFECTUALNESS
In`ef*fec"tu*al*ness, n.

Defn: Want of effect, or of power to produce it; inefficacy.
The ineffectualness of some men's devotion. Wake.

INEFFERVESCENCE
In*ef`fer*ves"cence, n.

Defn: Want of effervescence. Kirwan.

INEFFERVESCENT
In*ef`fer*ves"cent, a.

Defn: Not effervescing, or not susceptible of effervescence;
quiescent.

INEFFERVESCIBILITY
In*ef`fer*ves`ci*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being ineffervescible.

INEFFERVESCIBLE
In*ef`fer*ves"ci*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable or susceptible of effervescence.

INEFFICACIOUS
In*ef`fi*ca"cious, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + efficacious: cf. F.
inefficace, L. inefficax.]

Defn: Not efficacious; not having power to produce the effect
desired; inadequate; incompetent; inefficient; impotent. Boyle.
The authority of Parliament must become inefficacious . . . to
restrain the growth of disorders. Burke.

Note: Ineffectual, says Johnson, rather denotes an actual failure,
and inefficacious and habitual impotence to any effect. But the
distinction is not always observed, nor can it be; for we can not
always know whether means are inefficacious till experiment has
proved them ineffectual. Inefficacious is therefore sometimes
synonymous with ineffectual.

INEFFICACIOUSLY
In*ef`fi*ca"cious*ly, adv.

Defn: without efficacy or effect.

INEFFICACIOUSNESS
In*ef`fi*ca"cious*ness, n.

Defn: Want of effect, or of power to produce the effect; inefficacy.

INEFFICACY
In*ef"fi*ca*cy, n. Etym: [L. inefficacia. See In- not, and Efficacy.]

Defn: Want of power to produce the desired or proper effect;
inefficiency; ineffectualness; futility; uselessness; fruitlessness;
as, the inefficacy of medicines or means.
The seeming inefficacy of censures. Bp. Hall.
The inefficacy was soon proved, like that of many similar medicines.
James Gregory.

INEFFICIENCY
In`ef*fi"cien*cy, n.

Defn: The quality of being inefficient; want of power or energy
sufficient; want of power or energy sufficient for the desired
effect; inefficacy; incapacity; as, he was discharged from his
position for inefficiency.

INEFFICIENT
In`ef*fi"cient, a.

1. Not efficient; not producing the effect intended or desired;
inefficacious; as, inefficient means or measures.

2. Incapable of, or indisposed to, effective action; habitually slack
or remiss; effecting little or nothing; as, inefficient workmen; an
inefficient administrator.

INEFFICIENTLY
In`ef*fi"cient*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inefficient manner.

INELABORATE
In`e*lab"o*rate, a. Etym: [L. inelaboratus. See In- not, and
Elaborate.]

Defn: Not elaborate; not wrought with care; unpolished; crude;
unfinished.

INELASTIC
In`e*las"tic, a.

Defn: Not elastic.

INELASTICITY
In`e*las*tic"i*ty, n.

Defn: Want of elasticity.

INELEGANCE; INELEGANCY
In*el"e*gance, In*el"e*gan*cy, n.; pl. Inelegances, Inelegancies.
Etym: [L. inelegantia: cf. F. inélégance.]

1. The quality of being inelegant; want of elegance or grace; want of
refinement, beauty, or polish in language, composition, or manners.
The notorious inelegance of her figure. T. Hook.

2. Anything inelegant; as, inelegance of style in literary
composition.

INELEGANT
In*el"e*gant, a. Etym: [L. inelegans: cf. F. inélégant. See In- not,
and Elegant.]

Defn: Not elegant; deficient in beauty, polish, refinement, grave, or
ornament; wanting in anything which correct taste requires.
What order so contrived as not to mix Tastes, not well joined,
inelegant. Milton.
It renders style often obscure, always embarrassed and inelegant.
Blair.

INELEGANTLY
In*el"e*gant*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inelegant manner.

INELIGIBILITY
In*el`i*gi*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inéligibilité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being ineligible.

INELIGIBLE
In*el"i*gi*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + eligible: cf. F.
inéligible.]

Defn: Not eligible; not qualified to be chos Burke.

INELLIGIBLY
In*el"li*gi*bly, adv.

Defn: In an ineligible manner.

INELOQUENT
In*e"lo*quent, a. Etym: [L. ineloquens: cf. F. inéloquent. See In-
not, and Eloquent.]

Defn: Not eloquent; not fluent, graceful, or pathetic; not
persuasive; as, ineloquent language.
Nor are thy lips ungraceful, sire of men, Nor tongue ineloquent.
Milton.

INELOQUENTLY
In*e"lo*quent*ly, adv.

Defn: Without eloquence.

INELUCTABLE
In`e*luc"ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. ineluctabilis; pref. in- not +
eluctabilis to be surmounted, fr. eluctari to struggle out of, to
surmount: cf. F. inéluctable. See Eluctate.]

Defn: Not to be overcome by struggling; irresistible; inevitable. Bp.
Pearson.
The ineluctable conditions of matter. Hamerton.

INELUDIBLE
In`e*lud"i*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being eluded or evaded; unvoidable.
Most pressing reasons and ineludible demonstrations. Glanvill.

INEMBRYONATE
In*em"bry*o*nate, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Not embryonate.

INENARRABLE
In`e*nar"ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. inenarrabilis; pref. in- not +
enarrabilis that may be related; fr. enarrare to relate: cf. F.
inénarrable. See Enarration.]

Defn: Incapable of being narrated; indescribable; ineffable. [Obs.]
"Inenarrable goodness." Bp. Fisher.

INEPT
In*ept", a. Etym: [L. ineptus; prefix. in- not + aptus apt, fit: cf.
F. inepte. Cf. Inapt.]

1. Not apt or fit; unfit; unsuitable; improper; unbecoming.
The Aristotelian philosophy is inept for new discoveries. Glanvill.

2. Silly; useless; nonsensical; absurd; foolish.
To view attention as a special act of intelligence, and to
distinguish it from consciousness, is utterly inept. Sir W. Hamilton.

INEPTITUDE
In*ept"i*tude, n. Etym: [L. ineptitudo.]

1. The quality of being inept; unfitness; inaptitude; unsuitableness.
That ineptitude for society, which is frequently the fault of us
scholars. Tatler.

2. Absurdity; nonsense; foolishness.

INEPTLY
In*ept"ly, adv.

Defn: Unfitly; unsuitably; awkwardly.
None of them are made foolishly or ineptly. Dr. H. More.

INEPTNESS
In*ept"ness, n.

Defn: Unfitness; ineptitude.
The feebleness and miserable ineptness of infancy. Dr. H. More.

INEQUABLE
In*e"qua*ble, a.

Defn: Unequable. [R.] Bailey.

INEQUAL
In*e"qual, a. Etym: [L. inaequalis. See In- not, and Equal.]

Defn: Unequal; uneven; various. [Obs.] Chaucer.

INEQUALITY
In`e*qual"i*ty, n.; pl. Inequalities. Etym: [L. inaequalitas.]

1. The quality of being unequal; difference, or want of equality, in
any respect; lack of uniformity; disproportion; unevenness;
disparity; diversity; as, an inequality in size, stature, numbers,
power, distances, motions, rank, property, etc.
There is so great an inequality in the length of our legs and arms as
makes it impossible for us to walk on all four. Ray.
Notwithstanding which inequality of number, it was resolved in a
council of war to fight the Dutch fleet. Ludlow.
Sympathy is rarely strong where there is a great inequality of
condition. Macaulay.

2. Unevenness; want of levelness; the alternate rising and falling of
a surface; as, the inequalities of the surface of the earth, or of a
marble slab, etc.
The country is cut into so many hills and inequalities as renders it
defensible. Addison.

3. Variableness; changeableness; inconstancy; lack of smoothness or
equability; deviation; unsteadiness, as of the weather, feelings,
etc.
Inequality of air is ever an enemy to health. Bacon.

4. Disproportion to any office or purpose; inadequacy; competency;
as, the inequality of terrestrial things to the wants of a rational
soul. South.

5. (Alg.)

Defn: An expression consisting of two unequal quantities, with the
sign of inequality (> or <) between them; as, the inequality 2 < 3,
or 4 > 1.

6. (Astron.)

Defn: An irregularity, or a deviation, in the motion of a planet or
satellite from its uniform mean motion; the amount of such deviation.

INEQUATION
In`e*qua"tion, n. (Math.)

Defn: An inequality.

INEQUIDISTANT
In*e`qui*dis"tant, a.

Defn: Not equally distant; not equidistant.

INEQUILATERAL
In*e`qui*lat"er*al, a.

1. Having unequal sides; unsymmetrical; unequal-sided.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the two ends unequal, as in the clam, quahaug, and most
lamellibranch shells.

INEQUILOBATE
In*e`qui*lo"bate, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + equi- + lobate.] (Biol.)

Defn: Unequally lobed; cut into lobes of different shapes or sizes.

INEQUITABLE
In*eq"ui*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Not equitable; not just. Burke.

INEQUITATE
In*eq"ui*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. inequitatus, p. p. inequitare to ride
over. See 1st In-, and Equitant.]

Defn: To ride over or through. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

INEQUITY
In*eq"ui*ty, n.

Defn: Want of equity; injustice; wrong. "Some form of inequity." H.
Spencer.

INEQUIVALVE; INEQUIVALVULAR
In*e"qui*valve, In*e`qui*val"vu*lar, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having unequal valves, as the shell of an oyster.

INERADICABLE
In`e*rad"i*ca*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being
The bad seed thus sown was ineradicable. Ld. Lytton.

INERADICABLY
In`e*rad"i*ca*bly, adv.

Defn: So as not to be eradicable.

INERGETIC; INERGETICAL
In`er*get"ic, In`er*get"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + energetic, -
ical.]

Defn: Having no energy; sluggish. [R.] Boyle.

INERGETICALLY
In`er*get"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Without energy. [R.]

INERM; INERMOUS
In*erm", In*er"mous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Inermis.

INERMIS
In*er"mis, a. Etym: [L. inermis, inermus; pref. in- not + arma arms:
cf. F. inerme.] (Bot.)

Defn: Unarmed; destitute of prickles or thorns, as a leaf. Gray.

INERRABILITY
In*er`ra*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Freedom or exemption from error; infallibility. Eikon Basilike.

INERRABLE
In*er"ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. inerrabilis. See In- not, and Err.]

Defn: Incapable of erring; infallible; unerring. "Inerabble and
requisite conditions." Sir T. Browne. "Not an inerrable text."
Gladstone.

INERRABLENESS
In*er"ra*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Exemption from error; inerrability; infallibility. Hammond.

INERRABLY
In*er"ra*bly, adv.

Defn: With security from error; infallibly; unerringly.

INERRANCY
In*er"ran*cy, n.

Defn: Exemption from error.
The absolute inerrancy odf the Bible. The Century.

INERRATIC
In`er*rat"ic, a.

Defn: Not erratic or wandering; fixed; settled; established.

INERRINGLY
In*err"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Without error, mistake, or deviation; unerringly. Glanvill.

INERT
In*ert", a. Etym: [L. iners, inertis, unskilled, idle; pref. in- +
ars art: cf. F. inerte. See Art.]

1. Destitute of the power of moving itself, or of active resistance
to motion; as, matter is inert.

2. Indisposed to move or act; very slow to act; sluggish; dull;
inactive; indolent; lifeless.
The inert and desponding party of the court. Macaulay.
It present becomes extravagant, then imbecile, and at length utterly
inert. I. Taylor.

3. Not having or manifesting active properties; not affecting other
substances when brought in contact with them; powerless for an
expected or desired effect.

Syn.
 -- Inactive; dull; passive; indolent; sluggish; slothful; lazy;
lifeless; irresolute; stupid; senseless; insensible.
 -- Inert, Inactive, Sluggish. A man may be inactive from mere want
of stimulus to effort; but one who is inert has something in his
constitution or his habits which operates like a weight holding him
back from exertion. Sluggish is still stronger, implying some defect
of temperament which directly impedes action. Inert and inactive are
negative, sluggish is positive.
Even the favored isles . . . Can boast but little virtue; and, inert
Through plenty, lose in morals what they gain In manners -- victims
of luxurious ease. Cowper.
Doomed to lose four months in inactive obscurity. Johnson.
Sluggish Idleness, the nurse of sin, Upon a slothful ass he chose to
ride. Spenser.

INERTIA
In*er"ti*a, n. Etym: [L., idleness, fr. iners idle. See Inert.]

1. (Physics)

Defn: That property of matter by which it tends when at rest to
remain so, and when in motion to continue in motion, and in the same
straight line or direction, unless acted on by some external force; -
- sometimes called vis inertiæ.

2. Inertness; indisposition to motion, exertion, or action; want of
energy; sluggishness.
Men . . . have immense irresolution and inertia. Carlyle.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Want of activity; sluggishness; -- said especially of the
uterus, when, in labor, its contractions have nearly or wholly
ceased. Center of inertia. (Mech.) See under Center.

INERTION
In*er"tion, n.

Defn: Want of activity or exertion; inertness; quietude. [R.]
These vicissitudes of exertion and inertion of the arterial system
constitute the paroxysms of remittent fever. E. Darwin.

INERTITUDE
In*ert"i*tude, n. Etym: [See Inert.]

Defn: Inertness; inertia. [R.] Good.

INERTLY
In*ert"ly, adv.

Defn: Without activity; sluggishly. Pope.

INERTNESS
In*ert"ness, n.

1. Want of activity or exertion; habitual indisposition to action or
motion; sluggishness; apathy; insensibility. Glanvill.
Laziness and inertness of mind. Burke.

2. Absence of the power of self-motion; inertia.

INERUDITE
In*er"u*dite, a. Etym: [L. ineruditus. See In- not, and Erudite.]

Defn: Not erudite; unlearned; ignorant.

INESCAPABLE
In`es*cap"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not escapable.

INESCATE
In*es"cate, v. t. Etym: [L. inescatus, p. p. of inescare; in- in +
esca bait.]

Defn: To allure; to lay a bait for. [Obs.]
To inescate and beguile young women! Burton.

INESCATION
In`es*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. inescatio.]

Defn: The act of baiting; allurement. [Obs.] Hallywell.

INESCUTCHEON
In`es*cutch"eon, n. (Her.)

Defn: A small escutcheon borne within a shield.

IN ESSE
In` es"se. Etym: [L.]

Defn: In being; actually existing; -- distinguished from in posse, or
in potentia, which denote that a thing is not, but may be.

INESSENTIAL
In`es*sen"tial, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + essential: cf. F.
inessentiel.]

1. Having no essence or being. H. Brooke.
The womb of inessential Naught. Shelley.

2. Not essential; unessential.

INESTIMABLE
In*es"ti*ma*ble, a. Etym: [L. inaestimabilis: cf. F. inestimable. See
In- not, and Estimate.]

Defn: Incapable of being estimated or computed; especially, too
valuable or excellent to be measured or fully appreciated; above all
price; as, inestimable rights or privileges.
But above all, for thine inestimable love. Bk. of Com. Prayer.
Science is too inestimable for expression by a money standard. Lyon
Playfair.

Syn.
 -- Incalculable; invaluable; priceless.

INESTIMABLY
In*es"ti*ma*bly, adv.

Defn: In a manner, or to a degree, above estimation; as, things
inestimably excellent.

INEVASIBLE
In`e*va"si*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being

INEVIDENCE
In*ev"i*dence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inévidence.]

Defn: Want of evidence; obscurity. [Obs.] Barrow.

INEVIDENT
In*ev"i*dent, a. Etym: [Cf. F. inévident.]

Defn: Not evident; not clear or obvious; obscure.

INEVITABILITY
In*ev`i*ta*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inévitabilité.]

Defn: Impossibility to be avoided or shunned; inevitableness.
Shelford.

INEVITABLE
In*ev"i*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. inevitabilis: cf. F. inévitable. See In-
not, and Evitable.]

1. Not evitable; incapable of being shunned; unavoidable; certain.
"The inevitable hour." Gray.
It was inevitable; it was necessary; it was planted in the nature of
things. Burke.

2. Irresistible. "Inevitable charms." Dryden.

INEVITABLENESS
In*ev"i*ta*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being unavoidable; certainty to happen. Prideaux.

INEVITABLY
In*ev"i*ta*bly, adv.

Defn: Without possibility of escape or evasion; unavoidably;
certainly.
Inevitably thou shalt die. Milton.
How inevitably does immoderate laughter end in a sigh! South.

INEXACT
In`ex*act", a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + exact: cf. F. inexact.]

Defn: Not exact; not precisely correct or true; inaccurate.

INEXACTITUDE
In`ex*act"i*tude, n.

Defn: Inexactness; uncertainty; as, geographical inexactitude.

INEXACTLY
In`ex*act"ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner not exact or precise; inaccurately. R. A. Proctor.

INEXACTNESS
In`ex*act"ness, n.

Defn: Incorrectness; want of exactness.

INEXCITABILITY
In`ex*cit`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being inexcitable; insusceptibility to
excitement.

INEXCITABLE
In`ex*cit"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. inexcitabilis from which one cannot be
aroused. See In- not, and Excite.]

Defn: Not susceptible of excitement; dull; lifeless; torpid.

INEXCUSABLE
In`ex*cus"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. inexcusabilis: cf. F. inexcusable. See
Excuse.]

Defn: Not excusable; not admitting excuse or justification; as,
inexcusable folly.
Therefore thou art inexcusable, O man, whosoever thou art that
judgest; for wherein thou judgest another, thou condemnest thyself;
for thou that judgest doest the same things. Rom. ii. 1.

INEXCUSABLENESS
In`ex*cus"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being inexcusable; enormity forgiveness. South.

INEXCUSABLY
In`ex*cus"a*bly, adv.

Defn: With a degree of guilt or folly beyond excuse or justification.
Inexcusably obstinate and perverse. Jortin.

INEXECRABLE
In*ex"e*cra*ble, a.

Defn: That can not be execrated enough. [R.]

INEXECUTABLE
In*ex"e*cu`ta*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + executable: cf. F.
inexécutable.]

Defn: Incapable of being executed or performed; impracticable;
infeasible.

INEXECUTION
In*ex`e*cu"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + execution: cf. F.
inexécution.]

Defn: Neglect of execution; nonperformance; as, the inexecution of a
treaty. Spence.

INEXERTION
In`ex*er"tion, n.

Defn: Want of exertion; want of effort; defect of action; indolence;
laziness.

INEXHALABLE
In`ex*hal"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being exhaled. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

INEXHAUSTED
In`ex*haust"ed, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + exhausted: cf. F.
inexhaustus.]

Defn: Not exhausted; not emptied; not spent; not having lost all
strength or resources; unexhausted. Dryden.

INEXHAUSTEDLY
In`ex*haust"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Without exhaustion.

INEXHAUSTIBILITY
In`ex*haust`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being inexhaustible; abundance.

INEXHAUSTIBLE
In`ex*haust"i*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being exhausted, emptied, or used up; unfailing;
not to be wasted or spent; as, inexhaustible stores of provisions; an
inexhaustible stock of elegant words. Dryden.
An inexhaustible store of anecdotes. Macaulay.
-- In`ex*haust"i*ble*ness, n.
 -- In`ex*haust"i*bly, adv.

INEXHAUSTIVE
In`ex*haust"ive, a.

Defn: Inexhaustible. Thomson.

INEXIST
In`ex*ist", v. i. Etym: [Pref. in- in + exist.]

Defn: To exist within; to dwell within. [Obs.]
Substances inexisting within the divine mind. A. Tucker.

INEXISTANT
In`ex*ist"ant, a. Etym: [Cf. F. inexistant. See 1st Inexistent.]

Defn: Inexistent; not existing. [Obs.] Gudworth.

INEXISTENCE
In`ex*ist"ence, n. Etym: [Pref. in- in + existence.] [Obs.]
(a) Inherence; subsistence. Bp. Hall.
(b) That which exists within; a constituent. A. Tucker.

INEXISTENCE
In`ex*ist"ence, n. Etym: [Pref. in- in + existence: cf. F.
inexistence.]

Defn: Want of being or existence.

INEXISTENT
In`ex*ist"ent, a. Etym: [Pref. in- in + existent: cf. F. inexistant.]

Defn: Not having being; not existing.

INEXISTENT
In`ex*ist"ent, a. Etym: [Pref. in- in + existent.]

Defn: Inherent; innate; indwelling. Boyle.

INEXORABILITY
In*ex`o*ra*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. inexorabilitas: cf. F.
inexorabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being inexorable, or unyielding to entreaty.
Paley.

INEXORABLE
In*ex"o*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. inexorabilis: cf. F. inexorable. See In-
not, and Exorable, Adore.]

Defn: Not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty or prayer; firm;
determined; unyielding; unchangeable; inflexible; relentless; as, an
inexorable prince or tyrant; an inexorable judge. "Inexorable
equality of laws." Gibbon. "Death's inexorable doom." Dryden.
You are more inhuman, more inexorable, O, ten times more than tigers
of Hyrcania. Shak.

INEXORABLENESS
In*ex"o*ra*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being inexorable. Chillingworth.

INEXORABLY
In*ex"o*ra*bly, adv.

Defn: In an inexorable manner; inflexibly. "Inexorably firm."
Thomson.

INEXPANSIBLE
In`ex*pan"si*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of expansion, enlargement, or extension. Tyndall.

INEXPECTABLE
In`ex*pect"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not to be expected or anticipated. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

INEXPECTANT
In"ex*pect"ant, a.

Defn: Not expectant. C. Bronté.

INEXPECTATION
In*ex`pec*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Absence of expectation. Feltham.

INEXPECTED
In`ex*pect"ed, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + expected: cf. L.
inexspectatus.]

Defn: Unexpected. [Obs.]

INEXPECTEDLY
In`ex*pect"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Unexpectedly. [Obs.]

INEXPECTEDNESS
In`ex*pect"ed*ness, n.

Defn: Unexpectedness. [Obs.]

INEXPEDIENCE; INEXPEDIENCY
In`ex*pe"di*ence, In`ex*pe"di*en*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being inexpedient; want of fitness;
unsuitableness to the end or object; impropriety; as, the
inexpedience of some measures.
It is not the rigor but the inexpediency of laws and acts of
authority which makes them tyrannical. Paley.

INEXPEDIENT
In`ex*pe"di*ent, a.

Defn: Not expedient; not tending to promote a purpose; not tending to
the end desired; inadvisable; unfit; improper; unsuitable to time and
place; as, what is expedient at one time may be inexpedient at
another.
If it was not unlawful, yet it was highly inexpedient to use those
ceremonies. Bp. Burnet.

Syn.
 -- Unwise; impolitic; imprudent; indiscreet; unprofitable;
inadvisable; disadvantageous.

INEXPEDIENTLY
In`ex*pe"di*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: Not

INEXPENSIVE
In`ex*pen"sive, a.

Defn: Not expensive; cheap.

INEXPERIENCE
In`ex*pe"ri*ence, n. Etym: [L. inexperientia, cf. F. inexpérience.
See In- not, and Experience.]

Defn: Absence or want of experience; lack of personal and
experimental knowledge; as, the inexperience of youth.
Failings which are incident to youth and inexperience. Dryden.
Prejudice and self-sufficiency naturally proceed from inexperience of
the world, and ignorance of mankind. Addison.

INEXPERIENCED
In`ex*pe"ri*enced, a.

Defn: Not having experience unskilled. "Inexperienced youth." Cowper.

INEXPERT
In`ex*pert", a. Etym: [L. inexpertus inexperienced: cf. F. inexpert.
See In- not, and Expert.]

1. Destitute of experience or of much experience. [Obs.] Milton.

2. Not expert; not skilled; destitute of knowledge or dexterity
derived from practice. Akenside.

INEXPERTNESS
In`ex*pert"ness, n.

Defn: Want of expertness or skill.

INEXPIABLE
In*ex"pi*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. inexpiabilis: cf. F. inexpiable. See In-
not, and Expiable.]

1. Admitting of no expiation, atonement, or satisfaction; as, an
inexpiable crime or offense. Pomfret.

2. Incapable of being mollified or appeased; relentless; implacable.
[Archaic] "Inexpiable hate." Milton.
They are at inexpiable war with all establishments. Burke.

INEXPIABLENESS
In*ex"pi*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being inexpiable.

INEXPIABLY
In*ex"pi*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an inexpiable manner of degree; to a degree that admits of
no atonement.

INEXPIATE
In*ex"pi*ate, a. Etym: [L. inexpiatus. See In- not, and Expiate.]

Defn: Not appeased or placated. [Obs.]
To rest inexpiate were much too rude a part. Chapman.

INEXPLAINABLE
In`ex*plain"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + explainable; cf. L.
inexplanabilis.]

Defn: Incapable of being explained; inexplicable.

INEXPLEABLY
In*ex"ple*a*bly, adv. Etym: [Cf. L. inexplebilis; pref. in- not +
explere to fill up. See Expletion.]

Defn: Insatiably. [Obs.] Sandys.

INEXPLICABILITY
In*ex`pli*ca*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inexplicabilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being inexplicable. H. Spencer.

INEXPLICABLE
In*ex"pli*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. inexplicabilis: cf. F. inexplicable.
See In- not, and Explicable.]

Defn: Not explicable; not explainable; incapable of being explained,
interpreted, or accounted for; as, an inexplicable mystery. "An
inexplicable scratching." Cowper.
Their reason is disturbed; their views become vast and perplexed, to
others inexplicable, to themselves uncertain. Burke.

INEXPLICABLENESS
In*ex"pli*ca*ble*ness, n.

Defn: A state of being inexplicable; inexplicability.

INEXPLICABLY
In*ex"pli*ca*bly, adv.

Defn: In an inexplicable manner.

INEXPLICIT
In`ex*plic"it, a. Etym: [L. inexplicitus: cf. F. inexplicite. See In-
not, and Explicit.]

Defn: Not explicit; not clearly stated; indefinite; vague.

INEXPLORABLE
In`ex*plor"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being explored, searched out, or discovered. Sir
G. Buck.

INEXPLOSIVE
In`ex*plo"sive, a.

Defn: Not explosive.

INEXPOSURE
In`ex*po"sure, n.

Defn: A state of not being exposed.

INEXPRESSIBLE
In`ex*press"i*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of expression or utterance in language; ineffable;
unspeakable; indescribable; unutterable; as, inexpressible grief or
pleasure. "Inexpressible grandeur." Blair.
In orbs Of circuit inexpressible they stood. Milton.

INEXPRESSIBLES
In`ex*press"i*bles, n. pl.

Defn: Breeches; trousers. [Colloq. or Slang] Ld. Lytton.

INEXPRESSIBLY
In`ex*press"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In an inexpressible manner or degree; unspeakably; unutterably.
Spectator.

INEXPRESSIVE
In`ex*press"ive, a.

1. Inexpressible. [R.]

2. Without expression or meaning; not expressive; dull;
unintelligent; as, an inexpressive countenance.

INEXPRESSIVENESS
In`ex*press"ive*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being inexpressive.

INEXPUGNABLE
In`ex*pug"na*ble, a. Etym: [L. inexpugnabilis: cf. F. inexpugnable.
See In- not, and Expugnable.]

Defn: Incapable of being subdued by force; impregnable;
unconquerable. Burke.
A fortress, inexpugnable by the arts of war. Milman.

INEXPUGNABLY
In`ex*pug"na*bly, adv.

Defn: So as to be inexpugnable; in an inexpugnable manner. Dr. H.
More.

INEXSUPERABLE
In`ex*su"per*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. inexsuperabilis; pref. in- not +
exsuperabilis that may be surmounted. See In- not, Ex-, and
Superable.]

Defn: Not capable of being passed over; insuperable; insurmountable.

INEXTENDED
In`ex*tend"ed, a.

Defn: Not extended.

INEXTENSIBLE
In`ex*ten"si*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being extended; not elastic; as, inextensible
fibers.

INEXTENSION
In`ex*ten"sion, n.

Defn: Want of extension; unextended state.

INEXTERMINABLE
In`ex*ter"mi*na*ble, a. Etym: [L. inexterminabilis. See In- not, and
Exterminate.]

Defn: Incapable of extermination. Rush.

INEXTINCT
In`ex*tinct", a. Etym: [L. inextinctus, inexstinctus. See Extinct.]

Defn: Not quenched; not extinct.

INEXTINGUIBLE
In`ex*tin"gui*ble, a. Etym: [L. inexstinguibilis: cf. F,
inextinguible. See Inextinct.]

Defn: Inextinguishable. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

INEXTINGUISHABLE
In`ex*tin"guish*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being extinguished; extinguishable;
unquenchable; as, inextinguishable flame, light, thirst, desire,
feuds. "Inextinguishable rage." Milton.

INEXTINGUISHABLY
In`ex*tin"guish*a*bly, adv.

Defn: So as not to be extinguished; in an inextinguishable manner.

INEXTIRPABLE
In`ex*tir"pa*ble, a. Etym: [L. inexstirpabilis: cf. F. inextirpable.
See In- not, and Extirpate.]

Defn: Not capable of being extirpated or rooted out; ineradicable.

INEXTRICABLE
In*ex"tri*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. inextricabilis: cf. F. inextricable.
See In- not, and Extricate.]

1. Incapable of being extricated, untied, or disentangled; hopelessly
intricate, confused, or obscure; as, an inextricable knot or
difficulty; inextricable confusion.
Lost in the wild, inextricable maze. Blackmore.

2. Inevitable. [R.] "Fate inextricable." Milton.

INEXTRICABLENESS
In*ex"tri*ca*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being inextricable.

INEXTRICABLY
In*ex"tri*ca*bly, adv.

Defn: In an inextricable manner.

INEYE
In*eye", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ineyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ineyeing.] Etym:
[Pref. in- in + eye.]

Defn: To ingraft, as a tree or plant, by the insertion of a bud or
eye; to inoculate.
The arts of grafting and ineying. J. Philips.

INFABRICATED
In*fab"ri*ca`ted, a.

Defn: Not fabricated; unwrought; not artificial; natural. [Obs.]

INFALLIBILIST
In*fal"li*bil*ist, n.

Defn: One who accepts or maintains the dogma of papal infallibility.

INFALLIBILITY
In*fal`li*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. infaillibilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being infallible, or exempt from error;
inerrability.
Infallibility is the highest perfection of the knowing faculty.
Tillotson.
Papal infallibility (R. C. Ch.), the dogma that the pope can not,
when acting in his official character of supreme pontiff, err in
defining a doctrine of Christian faith or rule of morals, to be held
by the church. This was decreed by the Ecumenical Council at the
Vatican, July 18, 1870.

INFALLIBLE
In*fal"li*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + fallible: cf. F.
infallible.]

1. Not fallible; not capable of erring; entirely exempt from
liability to mistake; unerring; inerrable. Dryden.

2. Not liable to fail, deceive, or disappoint; indubitable; sure;
certain; as, infallible evidence; infallible success; an infallible
remedy.
To whom also he showed himself alive, after his passion, by many
infallible proofs. Acts i. 3.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Incapable of error in defining doctrines touching faith or
morals. See Papal infallibility, under Infallibility.

INFALLIBLENESS
In*fal"li*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being infallible; infallibility. Bp.
Hall.

INFALLIBLY
In*fal"li*bly, adv.

Defn: In an infallible manner; certainly; unfailingly; unerringly.
Blair.

INFAME
In*fame", v. t. Etym: [L. infamare, fr. infamis infamous: cf. F.
infamer, It. infamare. See Infamous.]

Defn: To defame; to make infamous. [Obs.] Milton.
Livia is infamed for the poisoning of her husband. Bacon.

INFAMIZE
In"fa*mize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infamized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Infamizing.]

Defn: To make infamous; to defame. [R.] Coleridge.

INFAMOUS
In"fa*mous, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + famous: cf. L. infamis. See
Infamy.]

1. Of very bad report; having a reputation of the worst kind; held in
abhorrence; guilty of something that exposes to infamy; base;
notoriously vile; detestable; as, an infamous traitor; an infamous
perjurer.
False errant knight, infamous, and forsworn. Spenser.

2. Causing or producing infamy; deserving detestation; scandalous to
the last degree; as, an infamous act; infamous vices; infamous
corruption. Macaulay.

3. (Law)

Defn: Branded with infamy by conviction of a crime; as, at common
law, an infamous person can not be a witness.

4. Having a bad name as being the place where an odious crime was
committed, or as being associated with something detestable; hence,
unlucky; perilous; dangerous. "Infamous woods." P. Fletcher.
Infamous hills, and sandy perilous wilds. Milton.
The piny shade More infamous by cursed Lycaon made. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Detestable; odious; scandalous; disgraceful; base; vile;
shameful; ignominious.

INFAMOUSLY
In"fa*mous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an infamous manner or degree; scandalously; disgracefully;
shamefully.
The sealed fountain of royal bounty which had been infamously
monopolized and huckstered. Burke.

INFAMOUSNESS
In"fa*mous*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being infamous; infamy.

INFAMY
In"fa*my, n.; pl. Infamies. Etym: [L. infamia, fr. infamis infamous;
pref. in- not + fama fame: cf. F. infamie. See Fame.]

1. Total loss of reputation; public disgrace; dishonor; ignominy;
indignity.
The afflicted queen would not yield, and said she would not . . .
submit to such infamy. Bp. Burnet.

2. A quality which exposes to disgrace; extreme baseness or vileness;
as, the infamy of an action.

3. (Law)

Defn: That loss of character, or public disgrace, which a convict
incurs, and by which he is at common law rendered incompetent as a
witness.

INFANCY
In"fan*cy, n. Etym: [L. infantia: cf. F. enfance. See Infant.]

1. The state or period of being an infant; the first part of life;
early childhood.
The babe yet lies in smiling infancy. Milton.
Their love in early infancy began. Dryden.

2. The first age of anything; the beginning or early period of
existence; as, the infancy of an art.
The infancy and the grandeur of Rome. Arbuthnot.

3. (Law)

Defn: The state or condition of one under age, or under the age of
twenty-one years; nonage; minority.

INFANDOUS
In*fan"dous, a. Etym: [L. infandus; pref. in- not + fari to speak.]

Defn: Too odious to be expressed or mentioned. [Obs.] Howell.

INFANGTHEF
In*fang"thef, n. Etym: [AS. in-fangen-peóf; in in, into + fangen
taken (p. p. of f to take) + peóf thief.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: The privilege granted to lords of certain manors to judge
thieves taken within the seigniory of such lords. Cowell.

INFANT
In"fant, n. Etym: [L. infans; pref. in- not +fari to speak: cf. F.
enfant, whence OE. enfaunt. See Fame, and cf. Infante, Infanta.]

1. A child in the first period of life, beginning at his birth; a
young babe; sometimes, a child several years of age.
And tender cries of infants pierce the ear. C. Pitt.

2. (Law)

Defn: A person who is not of full age, or who has not attained the
age of legal capacity; a person under the age of twenty-one years; a
minor.

Note: An infant under seven years of age is not penally responsible;
between seven and fourteen years of age, he may be convicted of a
malicious offense if malice be proved. He becomes of age on the day
preceding his twenty-first birthday, previous to which time an infant
has no capacity to contract.

3. Same as Infante. [Obs.] Spenser.

INFANT
In"fant, a.

1. Of or pertaining to infancy, or the first period of life; tender;
not mature; as, infant strength.

2. Intended for young children; as, an infant school.

INFANT
In"fant, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. enfanter.]

Defn: To bear or bring forth, as a child; hence, to produce, in
general. [Obs.]
This worthy motto, "No bishop, no king," is . . . infanted out of the
same fears. Milton.

INFANTA
In*fan"ta, n. Etym: [Sp. & Pg., fem. of infante. See Infante.]

Defn: A title borne by every one of the daughters of the kings of
Spain and Portugal, except the eldest.

INFANTE
In*fan"te, n. Etym: [Sp. & Pg. See Infant.]

Defn: A title given to every one of sons of the kings of Spain and
Portugal, except the eldest or heir apparent.

INFANTHOOD
In"fant*hood, n.

Defn: Infancy. [R.]

INFANTICIDAL
In*fan"ti*ci`dal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to infanticide; engaged in, or guilty of,
child murder.

INFANTICIDE
In*fan"ti*cide, n. Etym: [L. infanticidium child murder; infans, -
antis, child + caedere to kill: cf. F. infanticide. See Infant, and
Homicide.]

Defn: The murder of an infant born alive; the murder or killing of a
newly born or young child; child murder.

INFANTICIDE
In*fan"ti*cide, n. Etym: [L. infanticida: cf. F. infanticide.]

Defn: One who commits the crime of infanticide; one who kills an
infant.

INFANTILE
In"fan*tile, a. Etym: [L. infantilis: cf. F. infantile. See Infant.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to infancy, or to an infant; similar to, or
characteristic of, an infant; childish; as, infantile behavior.

INFANTILE PARALYSIS
In"fan*tile pa*ral"y*sis. (Med.)

Defn: An acute disease, almost exclusively infantile, characterized
by inflammation of the anterior horns of the gray substance of the
spinal cord. It is attended with febrile symptoms, motor paralysis,
and muscular atrophy, often producing permanent deformities. Called
also acute anterior poliomyelitis.

INFANTINE
In"fan*tine, a. Etym: [Cf. F. enfantin.]

Defn: Infantile; childish.
A degree of credulity next infantine. Burke.

INFANTLIKE
In"fant*like`, a.

Defn: Like an infant. Shak.

INFANTLY
In"fant*ly, a.

Defn: Like an infant. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

INFANTRY
In"fan*try, n. Etym: [F. infanterie, It. infanteria, fr. infante
infant, child, boy servant, foot soldier, fr. L. infans, -antis,
child; foot soldiers being formerly the servants and followers of
knights. See Infant.]

1. A body of children. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A body of soldiers serving on foot; foot soldiers, in
distinction from cavalry.

INFARCE
In*farce", v. t. Etym: [L. infarcire: pref. in- in + farcire, fartum
and farctum, to stuff, cram.]

Defn: To stuff; to swell. [Obs.]
The body is infarced with . . . watery humors. Sir T. Elyot.

INFARCT
In*farct", n. [See Infarce.] (Med.)
 (a) An obstruction or embolus.
 (b) The morbid condition of a limited area resulting from such
obstruction; as, a hemorrhagic infarct.

INFARCTION
In*farc"tion, n. Etym: [See Infarce.]

Defn: The act of stuffing or filling; an overloading and obstruction
of any organ or vessel of the body; constipation.

INFARE
In"fare`, n. Etym: [AS. infær entrance.]

Defn: A house-warming; especially, a reception, party, or
entertainment given by a newly married couple, or by the husband upon
receiving the wife to his house. [Written also infair.] [Scot., &
Local, U. S.]

INFASHIONABLE
In*fash"ion*a*ble, a.

Defn: Unfashionable. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

INFATIGABLE
In*fat"i*ga*ble, a. Etym: [L. infatigabilis: cf. F. infatigable.]

Defn: Indefatigable. [Obs.] Daniel.

INFATUATE
In*fat"u*ate, a. Etym: [L. infatuatus, p. p. of infatuare to
infatuate; pref. in- in + fatuus foolish. See Fatuous.]

Defn: Infatuated. Bp. Hall.

INFATUATE
In*fat"u*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infatuated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Infatuating.]

1. To make foolish; to affect with folly; to weaken the intellectual
powers of, or to deprive of sound judgment.
The judgment of God will be very visible in infatuating a people . .
. ripe and prepared for destruction. Clarendon.

2. To inspire with a foolish and extravagant passion; as, to be
infatuated with gaming.
The people are . . . infatuated with the notion. Addison.

INFATUATED
In*fat"u*a`ted, a.

Defn: Overcome by some foolish passion or desire; affected by
infatuation.

INFATUATION
In*fat`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. infatuatio: cf. F. infatuation.]

Defn: The act of infatuating; the state of being infatuated; folly;
that which infatuates.
The infatuations of the sensual and frivolous part of mankind are
amazing; but the infatuations of the learned and sophistical are
incomparably more so. I. Taylor.
Such is the infatuation of self-love. Blair.

INFAUST
In*faust", a. Etym: [L. infaustus; pref. in- not + faustus fortunate,
lucky.]

Defn: Not favorable; unlucky; unpropitious; sinister. [R.] Ld.
Lytton.

INFAUSTING
In*faust"ing, n.

Defn: The act of making unlucky; misfortune; bad luck. [Obs.] Bacon.

INFEASIBILITY
In*fea`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being infeasible; impracticability.

INFEASIBLE
In*fea"si*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being done or accomplished; impracticable.
Glanvill.

INFEASIBLENESS
In*fea"si*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state of quality of being infeasible; infeasibility. W.
Montagu.

INFECT
In*fect", a. Etym: [L. infectus: cf. F. infect. See Infect, v. t.]

Defn: Infected. Cf. Enfect. [Obs.] Shak.

INFECT
In*fect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infected; p. pr. & vb. n. Infecting.]
Etym: [L. infectus, p. p. of inficere to put or dip into, to stain,
infect; pref. in- in + facere to make; cf. F. infecter. See Fact.]

1. To taint with morbid matter or any pestilential or noxious
substance or effluvium by which disease is produced; as, to infect a
lancet; to infect an apartment.

2. To affect with infectious disease; to communicate infection to;
as, infected with the plague.
Them that were left alive being infected with this disease. Sir T.
North.

3. To communicate to or affect with, as qualities or emotions, esp.
bad qualities; to corrupt; to contaminate; to taint by the
communication of anything noxious or pernicious. Cowper.
Infected Ston's daughters with like heat. Milton.

4. (Law)

Defn: To contaminate with illegality or to expo

Syn.
 -- To poison; vitiate; pollute; defile.

INFECTER
In*fect"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, infects.

INFECTIBLE
In*fect"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being infected.

INFECTION
In*fec"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. infection, L. infectio a dyeing.]

1. The act or process of infecting.
There was a strict order against coming to those pits, and that was
only to prevent infection. De Foe.

2. That which infects, or causes the communicated disease; any
effluvium, miasm, or pestilential matter by which an infectious
disease is caused.
And that which was still worse, they that did thus break out spread
the infection further by their wandering about with the distemper
upon them. De Foe.

3. The state of being infected; contamination by morbific particles;
the result of infecting influence; a prevailing disease; epidemic.
The danger was really very great, the infection being so very violent
in London. De Foe.

4. That which taints or corrupts morally; as, the infection of
vicious principles.
It was her chance to light Amidst the gross infections of those
times. Daniel.

5. (Law)

Defn: Contamination by illegality, as in cases of contraband goods;
implication.

6. Sympathetic communication of like qualities or emotions;
influence.
Through all her train the soft infection ran. Pope.
Mankind are gay or serious by infection. Rambler.

Syn.
 -- Infection, Contagion.
 -- Infection is often used in a definite and limited sense of the
transmission of affections without direct contact of individuals or
immediate application or introduction of the morbific agent, in
contradistinction to contagion, which then implies transmission by
direct contact. Quain. See Contagious.

INFECTIOUS
In*fec"tious, a. Etym: [Cf. F. infectieux.]

1. Having qualities that may infect; communicable or caused by
infection; pestilential; epidemic; as, an infectious fever;
infectious clothing; infectious air; infectious vices.
Where the infectious pestilence. Shak.

2. Corrupting, or tending to corrupt or contaminate; vitiating;
demoralizing.
It [the court] is necessary for the polishing of manners . . . but it
is infectious even to the best morals to live always in it. Dryden.

3. (Law)

Defn: Contaminating with illegality; exposing to seizure and
forfeiture.
Contraband articles are said to be of an infectious nature. Kent.

4. Capable of being easily diffused or spread; sympathetic; readily
communicated; as, infectious mirth.
The laughter was so genuine as to be infectious. W. Black.

Syn.
 -- See Contagious.

INFECTIOUS DISEASE
In*fec"tious dis*ease".
 (a) Any disease caused by the entrance, growth, and multiplication
of bacteria or protozoans in the body; a germ disease. It may not be
contagious.
 (b) Sometimes, as distinguished from contagious disease, such a
disease communicated by germs carried in the air or water, and thus
spread without contact with the patient, as measles.

INFECTIOUSLY
In*fec"tious*ly, adv.

Defn: In an infectious manner. Shak.

INFECTIOUSNESS
In*fec"tious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being infectious.

INFECTIVE
In*fect"ive, a. Etym: [L. infectivus pertaining to dyeing.]

Defn: Infectious. Beau. & Fl.
True love . . . hath an infective power. Sir P. Sidney.

INFECUND
In*fec"und, a. Etym: [L. infecundus: cf. F. infécond. See In- not,
and Fecund.]

Defn: Unfruitful; not producing young; barren; infertile. [Obs.]
Evelyn.

INFECUNDITY
In`fe*cun"di*ty, n. Etym: [L. infecunditas: cf. F. infécondité.]

Defn: Want of fecundity or fruitfulness; barrenness; sterility;
unproductiveness.

INFECUNDOUS
In`fe*cun"dous, a. Etym: [See Infecund.]

Defn: Infertile; barren; unprofitable; unproductive. [Obs.] Glanvill.

INFEEBLE
In*fee"ble, v. t.

Defn: See Enfeeble.

INFELICITOUS
In`fe*lic"i*tous, a.

Defn: Not felicitous; unhappy; unfortunate; not fortunate or
appropriate in application; not well said, expressed, or done; as, an
infelicitous condition; an infelicitous remark; an infelicitous
description; infelicitous words.

INFELICITY
In`fe*lic"i*ty, n.; pl. Infelicities. Etym: [L. infelicitas: cf. F.
infélicité. See In- not, and Felicity.]

1. The state or quality of being infelicitous; unhappiness; misery;
wretchedness; misfortune; want of suitableness or appropriateness. I.
Watts.
Whatever is the ignorance and infelicity of the present state, we
were made wise and happy. Glanvill.

2. That (as an act, word, expression, etc.) which is infelicitous;
as, infelicities of speech.

INFELONIOUS
In`fe*lo"ni*ous, a.

Defn: Not felonious, malignant, or criminal. G. Eliot.

INFELT
In"felt`, a. Etym: [Pref. in- in + felt.]

Defn: Felt inwardly; heartfelt. [R.]
The baron stood afar off, or knelt in submissive, acknowledged,
infelt inferiority. Milman.

INFEODATION
In`feo*da"tion, n. (Law)

Defn: See Infeudation.

INFEOFF
In*feoff", v. t. (Law)

Defn: See Enfeoff.

INFEOFFMENT
In*feoff"ment, n. (Law)

Defn: See Enfeoffment.

INFER
In*fer", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inferred; p. pr. & vb. n. Inferring.]
Etym: [L. inferre to bring into, bring forward, occasion, infer;
pref. in- in + ferre to carry, bring: cf. F. inférer. See 1 st Bear.]

1. To bring on; to induce; to occasion. [Obs.] Harvey.

2. To offer, as violence. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. To bring forward, or employ as an argument; to adduce; to allege;
to offer. [Obs.]
Full well hath Clifford played the orator, Inferring arguments of
mighty force. Shak.

4. To derive by deduction or by induction; to conclude or surmise
from facts or premises; to accept or derive, as a consequence,
conclusion, or probability; to imply; as, I inferred his
determination from his silence.
To infer is nothing but by virtue of one proposition laid down as
true, to draw in another as true. Locke.
Such opportunities always infer obligations. Atterbury.

5. To show; to manifest; to prove. [Obs.]
The first part is not the proof of the second, but rather
contrariwise, the second inferreth well the first. Sir T. More.
This doth infer the zeal I had to see him. Shak.

INFERABLE
In*fer"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being inferred or deduced from premises. [Written
also inferrible.] H. Spencer.
A sufficient argument . . . is inferable from these premises. Burke.

INFERENCE
In"fer*ence, n. Etym: [From Infer.]

1. The act or process of inferring by deduction or induction.
Though it may chance to be right in the conclusions, it is yet unjust
and mistaken in the method of inference. Glanvill.

2. That which inferred; a truth or proposition drawn from another
which is admitted or supposed to be true; a conclusion; a deduction.
Milton.
These inferences, or conclusions, are the effects of reasoning, and
the three propositions, taken all together, are called syllogism, or
argument. I. Watts.

Syn.
 -- Conclusion; deduction; consequence.
 -- Inference, Conclusion. An inference is literally that which is
brought in; and hence, a deduction or induction from premises, --
something which follows as certainly or probably true. A conclusion
is stronger than an inference; it shuts us up to the result, and
terminates inquiry. We infer what is particular or probable; we
conclude what is certain. In a chain of reasoning we have many
inferences, which lead to the ultimate conclusion. "An inference is a
proposition which is perceived to be true, because of its connection
with some known fact." "When something is simply affirmed to be true,
it is called a proposition; after it has been found to be true by
several reasons or arguments, it is called a conclusion." I. Taylor.

INFERENTIAL
In`fer*en"tial, a.

Defn: Deduced or deducible by inference. "Inferential proofs." J. S.
Mill.

INFERENTIALLY
In`fer*en"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of inference.

INFERIAE
In*fe"ri*æ, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. inferus underneath.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: Sacrifices offered to the souls of deceased heroes or friends.

INFERIOR
In*fe"ri*or, a. Etym: [L., compar. of inferus that is below,
underneath, the lower; akin to E. under: cf. F. inférieur. See
Under.]

1. Lower in place, rank, excellence, etc.; less important or
valuable; subordinate; underneath; beneath.
A thousand inferior and particular propositions. I. Watts.
The body, or, as some love to call it, our inferior nature. Burke.
Whether they are equal or inferior to my other poems, an author is
the most improper judge. Dryden.

2. Poor or mediocre; as, an inferior quality of goods.

3. (Astron.)
(a) Nearer the sun than the earth is; as, the inferior or interior
planets; an inferior conjunction of Mercury or Venus.
(b) Below the horizon; as, the inferior part of a meridian,

4. (Bot.)
(a) Situated below some other organ; -- said of a calyx when free
from the ovary, and therefore below it, or of an ovary with an
adherent and therefore inferior calyx.
(b) On the side of a flower which is next the bract; anterior.

5. (Min.)

Defn: Junior or subordinate in rank; as, an inferior officer.
Inferior court (Law), a court subject to the jurisdiction of another
court known as the superior, or higher, court.
 -- Inferior letter, Inferior figure (Print.), a small letter or
figure standing at the bottom of the line (opposed to superior letter
or figure), as in A2, Bn, 2 and n are inferior characters.
 -- Inferior tide, the tide corresponding to the moon's transit of
the meridian, when below the horizon.

INFERIOR
In*fe"ri*or, n.

Defn: A person lower in station, rank, intellect, etc., than another.
A great person gets more by obliging his inferior than by disdaining
him. South.

INFERIORITY
In*fe`ri*or"i*ty, Etym: [Cf. F. infériorité.]

Defn: The state of being inferior; a lower state or condition; as,
inferiority of rank, of talents, of age, of worth.
A deep sense of our own great inferiority. Boyle.

INFERIORLY
In*fe"ri*or*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inferior manner, or on the inferior part.

INFERNAL
In*fer"nal, a. Etym: [F. infernal, L. infernalis, fr. infernus that
which lies beneath, the lower. See Inferior.]

1. Of or pertaining to or suitable for the lower regions, inhabited,
according to the ancients, by the dead; pertaining to Pluto's realm
of the dead, the Tartarus of the ancients.
The Elysian fields, the infernal monarchy. Garth.

2. Of or pertaining to, resembling, or inhabiting, hell; suitable for
hell, or to the character of the inhabitants of hell; hellish;
diabolical; as, infernal spirits, or conduct.
The instruments or abettors in such infernal dealings. Addison.
Infernal machine, a machine or apparatus maliciously designed to
explode, and destroy life or property.
 -- Infernal stone (lapis infernalis), lunar caustic; formerly so
called. The name was also applied to caustic potash.

Syn.
 -- Tartarean; Stygian; hellish; devilish; diabolical; satanic;
fiendish; malicious.

INFERNAL
In*fer"nal, n.

Defn: An inhabitant of the infernal regions; also, the place itself.
[Obs.] Drayton.

INFERNALLY
In*fer"nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In an infernal manner; diabolically. "Infernally false." Bp.
Hacket.

INFERNO
In*fer"no, n. [It. See Infernal.]

Defn: The infernal regions; hell. Also used fig.

At each sudden explosion in the inferno below they sprang back from
the brink [of the volcanic crater].
D. C. Worcester.

INFEROBRANCHIAN
In`fe*ro*bran"chi*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Inferobranchiata.

INFEROBRANCHIATA
In`fe*ro*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Inferobranchiate.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of marine gastropod mollusks, in which the gills are
between the foot and the mantle.

INFEROBRANCHIATE
In`fe*ro*bran"chi*ate, a. Etym: [L. inferus lower + E. branchiate.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the gills on the sides of the body, under the margin of
the mantle; belonging to the Inferobranchiata.

INFERRIBLE
In*fer"ri*ble, a.

Defn: Inferable.

INFERTILE
In*fer"tile, a. Etym: [L. infertilis: cf. F. infertile. See In- not,
and Fertile.]

Defn: Not fertile; not productive; barren; sterile; as, an infertile
soil.

INFERTILELY
In*fer"tile*ly, adv.

Defn: In an infertile manner.

INFERTILITY
In`fer*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. infertilitas: cf. F. infertilité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being infertile; unproductiveness;
barrenness.
The infertility or noxiousness of the soil. Sir M. Hale.

INFEST
In*fest", a. Etym: [L. infestus. See Infest, v. t.]

Defn: Mischievous; hurtful; harassing. [Obs.] Spenser.

INFEST
In*fest", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infested; p. pr. & vb. n. Infesting.]
Etym: [L. infestare, fr. infestus disturbed, hostile, troublesome; in
in, against + the root of defendere: cf. F. infester. See Defend.]

Defn: To trouble greatly by numbers or by frequency of presence; to
disturb; to annoy; to frequent and molest or harass; as, fleas infest
dogs and cats; a sea infested with pirates.
To poison vermin that infest his plants. Cowper.
These, said the genius, are envy, avarice, superstition, love, with
the like cares and passions that infest human life. Addison.
And the cares, that infest the day, Shall fold their tents, like the
Arabs, And as silently steal away. Longfellow.

INFESTATION
In`fest*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. infestatio: cf. F. infestation.]

Defn: The act of infesting or state of being infested; molestation;
vexation; annoyance. Bacon.
Free from the infestation of enemies. Donne.

INFESTER
In*fest"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, infests.

INFESTIVE
In*fest"ive, a. Etym: [L. infestivus. See In- not, and Festive.]

Defn: Having no mirth; not festive or merry; dull; cheerless; gloomy;
forlorn. [R.]

INFESTIVITY
In`fes*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: Want of festivity, cheerfulness, or mirth; dullness;
cheerlessness. [R.]

INFESTUOUS
In*fes"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. infestus. See Infest, a.]

Defn: Mischievous; harmful; dangerous. [Obs.] "Infestuous as
serpents." Bacon.

INFEUDATION
In`feu*da"tion, n. Etym: [LL. infeudatio, fr. infeudare to enfeoff:
cf. F. inféodation. See Feud a fief.]

1. (Law)

Defn: The act of putting one in possession of an estate in fee. Sir
M. Hale.

2. The granting of tithes to laymen. Blackstone.

INFIBULATION
In*fib`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. infibulare, infibulatum, to clasp,
buckle, or button together; pref. in- in + fibula clasp, buckle: cf.
F. infibulation.]

1. The act of clasping, or fastening, as with a buckle or padlock.

2. The act of attaching a ring, clasp, or frame, to the genital
organs in such a manner as to prevent copulation.

INFIDEL
In"fi*del, a. Etym: [L. infidelis; pref. in- not + fidelis faithful,
fr. fides faith: cf. F. infidèle. See Fidelity.]

Defn: Not holding the faith; -- applied esp. to one who does not
believe in the inspiration of the Scriptures, and the supernatural
origin of Christianity.
The infidel writer is a great enemy to society. V. Knox.

INFIDEL
In"fi*del, n.

Defn: One who does not believe in the prevailing religious faith;
especially, one who does not believe in the divine origin and
authority of Christianity; a Mohammedan; a heathen; a freethinker.

Note: Infidel is used by English writers to translate the equivalent
word used Mohammedans in speaking of Christians and other
disbelievers in Mohammedanism.

Syn.
 -- Infidel, Unbeliever, Freethinker, Deist, Atheist, Sceptic,
Agnostic. An infidel, in common usage, is one who denies Christianity
and the truth of the Scriptures. Some have endeavored to widen the
sense of infidel so as to embrace atheism and every form of unbelief;
but this use does not generally prevail. A freethinker is now only
another name for an infidel. An unbeliever is not necessarily a
disbeliever or infidel, because he may still be inquiring after
evidence to satisfy his mind; the word, however, is more commonly
used in the extreme sense. A deist believes in one God and a divine
providence, but rejects revelation. An atheist denies the being of
God. A sceptic is one whose faith in the credibility of evidence is
weakened or destroyed, so that religion, to the same extent, has no
practical hold on his mind. An agnostic remains in a state of
suspended judgment, neither affirming nor denying the existence of a
personal Deity.

INFIDELITY
In`fi*del"i*ty, n.; pl. Infidelities (. Etym: [L. infidelitas: cf. F.
infidélité.]

1. Want of faith or belief in some religious system; especially, a
want of faith in, or disbelief of, the inspiration of the Scriptures,
of the divine origin of Christianity.
There is, indeed, no doubt but that vanity is one of the principal
causes of infidelity. V. Knox.

2. Unfaithfulness to the marriage vow or contract; violation of the
marriage covenant by adultery.

3. Breach of trust; unfaithfulness to a charge, or to moral
obligation; treachery; deceit; as, the infidelity of a servant. "The
infidelity of friends." Sir W. Temple.

INFIELD
In*field", v. t.

Defn: To inclose, as a field. [R.]

INFIELD
In"field`, n.

1. Arable and manured land kept continually under crop; --
distinguished from outfield. [Scotland] Jamieson.

2. (Baseball)

Defn: The diamond; -- opposed to outfield. See Diamond, n., 5.

INFILE
In*file", v. t.

Defn: To arrange in a file or rank; to place in order. [Obs.]
Holland.

INFILM
In*film", v. t.

Defn: To cover with a film; to coat thinly; as, to infilm one metal
with another in the process of gilding; to infilm the glass of a
mirror. [R.]

INFILTER
In*fil"ter, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Infiltered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Infiltering.] Etym: [Cf. Infiltrate.]

Defn: To filter or sift in.

INFILTRATE
In*fil"trate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Infiltrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Infiltrating.] Etym: [Pref. in- + filtrate: cf. F, s'infiltrer. Cf.
Infilter.]

Defn: To enter by penetrating the pores or interstices of a
substance; to filter into or through something.
The water infiltrates through the porous rock. Addison.

INFILTRATE
In*fil"trate, v. t.

Defn: To penetrate gradually; -- sometimes used reflexively. J. S.
Mill.

INFILTRATION
In`fil*tra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. infiltration.]

1. The act or process of infiltrating, as if water into a porous
substance, or of a fluid into the cells of an organ or part of the
body.

2. The substance which has entered the pores or cavities of a body.
Addison.
Calcareous infiltrations filling the cavities. Kirwan.
Fatty infiltration. (Med.) See under Fatty.
 -- Infiltration gallery, a filter gallery.

INFILTRATIVE
In*fil"tra*tive, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to infiltration. Kane.

INFINITE
In"fi*nite, a. Etym: [L. infinitus: cf. F. infini. See In- not, and
Finite.]

1. Unlimited or boundless, in time or space; as, infinite duration or
distance.
Whatever is finite, as finite, will admit of no comparative relation
with infinity; for whatever is less than infinite is still infinitely
distant from infinity; and lower than infinite distance the lowest or
least can not sink. H. Brooke.

2. Without limit in power, capacity, knowledge, or excellence;
boundless; immeasurably or inconceivably great; perfect; as, the
infinite wisdom and goodness of God; -- opposed to finite.
Great is our Lord, and of great power; his understanding is infinite.
Ps. cxlvii. 5.
O God, how infinite thou art! I. Watts.

3. Indefinitely large or extensive; great; vast; immense; gigantic;
prodigious.
Infinite riches in a little room. Marlowe.
Which infinite calamity shall cause To human life. Milton.

4. (Math.)

Defn: Greater than any assignable quantity of the same kind; -- said
of certain quantities.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: Capable of endless repetition; -- said of certain forms of the
canon, called also perpetual fugues, so constructed that their ends
lead to their beginnings, and the performance may be incessantly
repeated. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

Syn.
 -- Boundless; immeasurable; illimitable; interminable; limitless;
unlimited; endless; eternal.

INFINITE
In"fi*nite, n.

1. That which is infinite; boundless space or duration; infinity;
boundlessness.
Not till the weight is heaved from off the air, and the thunders roll
down the horizon, will the serene light of God flow upon us, and the
blue infinite embrace us again. J. Martineau.

2. (Math.)

Defn: An infinite quantity or magnitude.

3. An infinity; an incalculable or very great number.
Glittering chains, embroidered richly o'er With infinite of pearls
and finest gold. Fanshawe.

4. The Infinite Being; God; the Almighty.

INFINITELY
In"fi*nite*ly, adv.

1. Without bounds or limits; beyond or below assignable limits; as,
an infinitely large or infinitely small quantity.

2. Very; exceedingly; vastly; highly; extremely. "Infinitely
pleased." Dryden.

INFINITENESS
In"fi*nite*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being infinite; infinity; greatness;
immensity. Jer. Taylor.

INFINITESIMAL
In`fin*i*tes"i*mal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. infinitésimal, fr. infinitésime
infinitely small, fr. L. infinitus. See Infinite, a.]

Defn: Infinitely or indefinitely small; less than any assignable
quantity or value; very small. Infinitesimal calculus, the different
and the integral calculus, when developed according to the method
used by Leibnitz, who regarded the increments given to variables as
infinitesimal.

INFINITESIMAL
In`fin*i*tes"i*mal, n. (Math.)

Defn: An infinitely small quantity; that which is less than any
assignable quantity.

INFINITESIMALLY
In`fin*i*tes"i*mal*ly, adv.

Defn: By infinitesimals; in infinitely small quantities; in an
infinitesimal degree.

INFINITIVAL
In*fin`i*ti"val, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the infinite mood. "Infinitival stems." Fitzed.
Hall.

INFINITIVE
In*fin"i*tive, n. Etym: [L. infinitivus: cf. F. infinitif. See
Infinite.]

Defn: Unlimited; not bounded or restricted; undefined. Infinitive
mood (Gram.), that form of the verb which merely names the action,
and performs the office of a verbal noun. Some grammarians make two
forms in English: (a) The simple form, as, speak, go, hear, before
which to is commonly placed, as, to speak; to go; to hear. (b) The
form of the imperfect participle, called the infinitive in -ing; as,
going is as easy as standing.

Note: With the auxiliary verbs may, can, must, might, could, would,
and should, the simple infinitive is expressed without to; as, you
may speak; they must hear, etc. The infinitive usually omits to with
the verbs let, dare, do, bid, make, see, hear, need, etc.; as, let me
go; you dare not tell; make him work; hear him talk, etc.

Note: In Anglo-Saxon, the simple infinitive was not preceded by to
(the sign of modern simple infinitive), but it had a dative form
(sometimes called the gerundial infinitive) which was preceded by to,
and was chiefly employed in expressing purpose. See Gerund, 2.

Note: The gerundial ending (-anne) not only took the same form as the
simple infinitive (-an), but it was confounded with the present
participle in -ende, or -inde (later -inge).

INFINITIVE
In*fin"i*tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: An infinitive form of the verb; a verb in the infinitive mood;
the infinitive mood.

INFINITIVE
In*fin"i*tive, adv. (Gram.)

Defn: In the manner of an infinitive mood.

INFINITO
In`fi*ni"to, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Infinite; perpetual, as a canon whose end leads back to the
beginning. See Infinite, a., 5.

INFINITUDE
In*fin"i*tude, n.

1. The quality or state of being infinite, or without limits;
infiniteness.

2. Infinite extent; unlimited space; immensity; infinity. "I am who
fill infinitude." Milton.
As pleasing to the fancy, as speculations of eternity or infinitude
are to the understanding. Addison.

3. Boundless number; countless multitude. "An infinitude of
distinctions." Addison.

INFINITUPLE
In*fin"i*tu`ple, a. Etym: [Cf. Quadruple.]

Defn: Multipied an infinite number of times. [R.] Wollaston.

INFINITY
In*fin"i*ty, n.; pl. Infinities. Etym: [L. infinitas; pref. in- not +
finis boundary, limit, end: cf. F. infinité. See Finite.]

1. Unlimited extent of time, space, or quantity; eternity;
boundlessness; immensity. Sir T. More.
There can not be more infinities than one; for one of them would
limit the other. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Unlimited capacity, energy, excellence, or knowledge; as, the
infinity of God and his perfections. Hooker.

3. Endless or indefinite number; great multitude; as an infinity of
beauties. Broome.

4. (Math.)

Defn: A quantity greater than any assignable quantity of the same
kind.

Note: Mathematically considered, infinity is always a limit of a
variable quantity, resulting from a particular supposition made upon
the varying element which enters it. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ).

5. (Geom.)

Defn: That part of a line, or of a plane, or of space, which is
infinitely distant. In modern geometry, parallel lines or planes are
sometimes treated as lines or planes meeting at infinity. Circle at
infinity, an imaginary circle at infinity, through which, in geometry
of three dimensions, every sphere is imagined to pass.
 -- Circular points at infinity. See under Circular.

INFIRM
In*firm", a. Etym: [L.infirmus: cf.F.infirme. See In- not, and Firm,
a.]

1. Not firm or sound; weak; feeble; as, an infirm body; an infirm
constitution.
A poor, infirm, weak, and despised old man. Shak.

2. Weak of mind or will; irresolute; vacillating. "An infirm
judgment." Burke.
Infirm of purpose! Shak.

3. Not solid or stable; insecure; precarious.
He who fixes on false principles treads or infirm ground. South.

Syn.
 -- Debilitated; sickly; feeble; decrepit; weak; enfeebled;
irresolute; vacillating; imbecile.

INFIRM
In*firm", v. t. Etym: [L. infirmare : cf. F.infirmer.]

Defn: To weaken; to enfeeble. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

INFIRMARIAN
In`fir*ma"ri*an, n.

Defn: A person dwelling in, or having charge of, an infirmary, esp.
in a monastic institution.

INFIRMARY
In*firm"a*ry, n.; pl. Infirmaries. Etym: [Cf. OE. fermerie, OF.
enfermerie, F. infirmerie, LL. infirmaria. See Infirm.]

Defn: A hospital, or place where the infirm or sick are lodged and
nursed gratuitously, or where out-patients are treated.

INFIRMATIVE
In*firm"a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. infirmatif.]

Defn: Weakening; annulling, or tending to make void. [Obs.]

INFIRMATORY
In*firm"a*to*ry, n.

Defn: An infirmary. [Obs.]

INFIRMITY
In*firm"i*ty, n.; pl. Infirmities. Etym: [L. infirmitas : cf. F.
infirmite. See Infirm, a.]

1. The state of being infirm; feebleness; an imperfection or
weakness; esp., an unsound, unhealthy, or debilitated state; a
disease; a malady; as, infirmity of body or mind.
'T is the infirmity of his age. Shak.

2. A personal frailty or failing; foible; eccentricity; a weakness or
defect.
Will you be cured of your infirmity Shak.
A friend should bear his friend's infirmities. Shak.
The house has also its infirmities. Evelyn.

Syn.
 -- Debility; imbecility; weakness; feebleness; failing; foible;
defect; disease; malady. See Debility.

INFIRMLY
In*firm"ly, adv.

Defn: In an infirm manner.

INFIRMNESS
In*firm"ness, n.

Defn: Infirmity; feebleness. Boyle.

INFIX
In*fix", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infixed; p. pr. & vb. n. Infixing.]
Etym: [L. infixus, p.p of infigere to infix; pref. in- in + figere to
fix: cf. F. infixer. See Fix.]

1. To set; to fasten or fix by piercing or thrusting in; as, to infix
a sting, spear, or dart. Shak.
The fatal dart a ready passage found, And deep within her heart
infixed the wound. Dryden.

2. To implant or fix; to instill; to inculcate, as principles,
thoughts, or instructions; as, to infix good principles in the mind,
or ideas in the memory.

INFIX
In"fix, n.

Defn: Something infixed. [R.] Welsford.

INFLAME
In*flame", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inflamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Inflaming.]
Etym: [OE. enflamen, OF. enflamer, F. enflammer, L.
inflammare,inflammatum; pref.in- in + flammare to flame, fr.flamma
flame. See Flame.]

1. To set on fire; to kindle; to cause to burn, flame, or glow.
We should have made retreat By light of the inflamed fleet. Chapman.

2. Fig.: To kindle or intensify, as passion or appetite; to excite to
an excessive or unnatural action or heat; as, to inflame desire.
Though more,it seems, Inflamed with lust than rage. Milton.
But, O inflame and fire our hearts. Dryden.

3. To provoke to anger or rage; to exasperate; to irritate; to
incense; to enrage.
It will inflame you; it will make you mad. Shak.

4. (Med.)

Defn: To put in a state of inflammation; to produce morbid heat,
congestion, or swelling, of; as, to inflame the eyes by overwork.

5. To exaggerate; to enlarge upon. [Obs.]
A friend exaggerates a man's virtues, an enemy inflames his crimes.
Addison.

Syn.
 -- To provoke; fire; kindle; irritate; exasperate; incense; enrage;
anger; excite; arouse.

INFLAME
In*flame", v. i.

Defn: To grow morbidly hot, congested, or painful; to become angry or
incensed. Wiseman.

INFLAMED
In*flamed", p. a.

1. Set on fire; enkindled; heated; congested; provoked; exasperated.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Represented as burning, or as adorned with tongues of flame.

INFLAMER
In*flam"er (n-flam''r), n.

Defn: The person or thing that inflames. Addison.

INFLAMMABILLTY
In*flam"ma*bil"l*ty, n. Etym: [Cf.F. inflammabilite.]

Defn: Susceptibility of taking fire readily; the state or quality of
being inflammable.

INFLAMMABLE
In*flam"ma*ble, a. Etym: [CF. F. inflammable.]

1. Capable of being easily set fire; easily enkindled; combustible;
as, inflammable oils or spirits.

2. Excitable; irritable; irascible; easily provoked; as, an
inflammable temper. Inflammable air, the old chemical name for
hydrogen.

INFLAMMABLENESS
In*flam"ma*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being inflammable; inflammability.
Boyle.

INFLAMMABLY
In*flam"ma*bly, adv.

Defn: In an inflammable manner.

INFLAMMATION
In*flam*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. inflammatio: cf. F. inflammation. See
Inflame.]

1. The act of inflaming, kindling, or setting on fire; also, the
state of being inflamed. "The inflammation of fat." Wilkins.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition of any part of the body, consisting in
congestion of the blood vessels, with obstruction of the blood
current, and growth of morbid tissue. It is manifested outwardly by
redness and swelling, attended with heat and pain.

3. Violent excitement; heat; passion; animosity; turbulence; as, an
inflammation of the mind, of the body politic, or of parties. Hooker.

INFLAMMATIVE
In*flam"ma*tive, a.

Defn: Inflammatory.

INFLAMMATORY
In*flam"ma*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. inflammatoire.]

1. Tending to inflame, kindle, or irritate.

2. Tending to excite anger, animosity, tumult, or sedition;
seditious; as, inflammatory libels, writings, speeches, or
publications. Burke.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Accompanied with, or tending to cause, preternatural heat and
excitement of arterial action; as, an inflammatory disease.
Inflammatory crust. (Med.) Same as Buffy coat, under Buffy.
 -- Inflammatory fever, a variety of fever due to inflammation.

INFLATABLE
In*flat"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be inflated.

INFLATE
In*flate", p. a. Etym: [L. inflatus, p.p. of inflare to inflate;
pref. in- in + flare to blow. See Blow to puff wind.]

Defn: Blown in; inflated. Chaucer.

INFLATE
In*flate", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inflated; p. pr. & vb. n. Inflating.]

1. To swell or distend with air or gas; to dilate; to expand; to
enlarge; as, to inflate a bladder; to inflate the lungs.
When passion's tumults in the bosom rise, Inflate the features, and
enrage the eyes. J. Scott of Amwell.

2. Fig.: To swell; to puff up; to elate; as, to inflate one with
pride or vanity.
Inflate themselves with some insane delight. Tennyson.

3. To cause to become unduly expanded or increased; as, to inflate
the currency.

INFLATE
In*flate", v. i.

Defn: To expand; to fill; to distend.

INFLATED
In*flat"ed, a.

1. Filled, as with air or gas; blown up; distended; as, a balloon
inflated with gas.

2. Turgid; swelling; puffed up; bombastic; pompous; as, an inflated
style.
Inflated and astrut with self-conceit. Cowper.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Hollow and distended, as a perianth, corolla, nectary, or
pericarp. Martyn.

4. Distended or enlarged fictitiously; as, inflated prices, etc.

INFLATER
In*flat"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, inflates; as, the inflaters of the
stock exchange.

INFLATINGLY
In*flat"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner tending to inflate.

INFLATION
In*fla"tion, n. Etym: [L. inflatio: cf. F. inflation.]

1. The act or process of inflating, or the state of being inflated,
as with air or gas; distention; expansion; enlargement. Boyle.

2. The state of being puffed up, as with pride; conceit; vanity. B.
Jonson.

3. Undue expansion or increase, from overissue; -- said of currency.
[U.S.]

INFLATIONIST
In*fla"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who favors an increased or very large issue of paper money.
[U.S.]

INFLATUS
In*fla"tus, n. Etym: [L. See Inflate, v. t.]

Defn: A blowing or breathing into; inflation; inspiration.
The divine breath that blows the nostrils out To ineffable inflatus.
Mrs. Browning.

INFLECT
In*flect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inflected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inflecting.] Etym: [L. inflectere, inflexum; pref. in.- in + flectere
to bend. See Flexibl, and cf. Inflex.]

1. To turn from a direct line or course; to bend; to incline, to
deflect; to curve; to bow.
Are they [the rays of the sun] not reflected, refracted, and
inflected by one and the same principle Sir I. Newton.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: To vary, as a noun or a verb in its terminations; to decline,
as a noun or adjective, or to conjugate, as a verb.

3. To modulate, as the voice.

INFLECTED
In*flect"ed, a.

1. Bent; turned; deflected.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Having inflections; capable of, or subject to, inflection;
inflective. Inflected cycloid (Geom.), a prolate cycloid. See
Cycloid.

INFLECTION
In*flec"tion, n. Etym: [L. inflexio : cf. F. inflexion. See Inflect.]
[Written also inflecxion.]

1. The act of inflecting, or the state of being inflected.

2. A bend; a fold; a curve; a turn; a twist.

3. A slide, modulation, or accent of the voice; as, the rising and
the falling inflection.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: The variation or change which words undergo to mark case,
gender, number, comparison, tense, person, mood, voice, etc.

5. (Mus.)
(a) Any change or modification in the pitch or tone of the voice.
(b) A departure from the monotone, or reciting note, in chanting.

6. (Opt.)

Defn: Same as Diffraction. Point of inflection (Geom.), the point on
opposite sides of which a curve bends in contrary ways.

INFLECTIONAL
In*flec"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to inflection; having, or characterized by,
inflection. Max Müller.

INFLECTIVE
In*flect"ive, a.

1. Capable of, or pertaining to, inflection; deflecting; as, the
inflective quality of the air. Derham.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Inflectional; characterized by variation, or change in form, to
mark case, tense, etc.; subject to inflection. Inflective language
(Philol.), a language like the Greek or Latin, consisting largely of
stems with variable terminations or suffixes which were once
independent words. English is both agglutinative, as, manlike,
headache, and inflective, as, he, his, him. Cf. Agglutinative.

INFLESH
In*flesh", v. t.

Defn: To incarnate.

INFLEX
In*flex", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Flex, Inflect.]

Defn: To bend; to cause to become curved; to make crooked; to
deflect. J. Philips.

INFLEXED
In*flexed", a.

1. Turned; bent. Feltham.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Bent or turned abruptly inwards, or toward the axis, as the
petals of a flower.

INFLEXIBILITY
In*flex"i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inflexibilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being inflexible, or not capable of
being bent or changed; unyielding stiffness; inflexibleness;
rigidity; firmness of will or purpose; unbending pertinacity;
steadfastness; resoluteness; unchangeableness; obstinacy.
The inflexibility of mechanism. A. Baxter.
That grave inflexibility of soul. Churchill.
The purity and inflexibility of their faith. T. Warton.

INFLEXIBLE
In*flex"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. inflexiblis: cf. F. inflexible. See In-
not, and Flexible.]

1. Not capable of being bent; stiff; rigid; firm; unyielding.

2. Firm in will or purpose; not to be turned, changed, or altered;
resolute; determined; unyieding; inexorable; stubborn.
"Inflexibleas steel." Miltom.
Amanof upright and inflexibletemper . . . can overcome all private
fear. Addison.

3. Incapable of change; unalterable; immutable.
The nature of things is inflexible. I. Watts.

Syn.
 -- -- Unbending; unyielding; rigid; inexorable; pertinacious;
obstinate; stubborn; unrelenting.

INFLEXIBLENESS
In*flex"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being inflexible; inflexibility;
rigidity; firmness.

INFLEXIBLY
In*flex"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In an inflexible manner.

INFLEXION
In*flex"ion, n.

Defn: Inflection.

INFLEXIVE
In*flex"ive, a.

1. Inflective.
"Inflexive endings." W. E. Jelf.

2. Inflexible. [R.] "Foes inflexive." Chapman.

INFLEXURE
In*flex"ure, n.

Defn: An inflection; a bend or fold. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

INFLICT
In*flict", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inflicted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inflicting.] Etym: [L. inflictus, p.p. of infligere to strike on, to
inflict; pref. in- in, on + fligere to strike. Cf. Flail.]

Defn: To give, cause, or produce by striking, or as if by striking;
to apply forcibly; to lay or impose; to send; to cause to bear, feel,
or suffer; as, to inflict blows; to inflict a wound with a dagger; to
inflict severe pain by ingratitude; to inflict punishment on an
offender; to inflict the penalty of death on a criminal.
What heart could wish, what hand inflict, this dire disgrace Drygen.
The persecution and the pain That man inflicts on infero-ior kinds.
Cowper.

INFLICTER
In*flict"er, n.

Defn: One who inflicts.
Godis the sole and immadiate inflicter of such strokes. South.

INFLICTION
In*flic"tion, n. Etym: [L. inflictio: cf. F. infliction.]

1. The act of inflicting or imposing; as, the infliction of torment,
or of punishment.

2. That which is inflicted or imposed, as punishment, disgrace,
calamity, etc.
His severest inflictions are in themselves acts of justice and
righteousness. Rogers.

INFLICTIVE
In*flict"ive, a. Etym: [Cf.F. inflictif.]

Defn: Causing infliction; acting as an infliction. Whitehead.

INFLORESCENCE
In`flo*res"cence, n. Etym: [L. inflorescens, p.pr. of inflorescere to
begin to blossom; pref. in- in + florescere to begin to blossom:
cf.F. inflorescence. See Florescent.]

1. A flowering; the putting forth and unfolding of blossoms.

2. (Bot.)
(a) The mode of flowering, or the general arrangement and disposition
of the flowers with reference to the axis, and to each other.
(b) An axis on which all the flower buds.
Inflorescence affords an excellent characteristic mark in
distinguishing the species of plants. Milne.
Centrifugal inflorescence, determinate inflorescence.
 -- Centripetal inflorescence, indeterminate inflorescence. See under
Determinate, and Indeterminate.

INFLOW
In*flow", v. i.

Defn: To flow in. Wiseman.

INFLUENCE
In"flu*ence, n. Etym: [F. influence, fr. L. influens, -entis, p.pr.
See Influent, and cf. Influenza.]

1. A flowing in or upon; influx. [Obs.]
God hath his influence into the very essence of all things. Hooker.

2. Hence, in general, the bringing about of an effect, phusical or
moral, by a gradual process; controlling power quietly exerted;
agency, force, or tendency of any kind which the sun exerts on animal
and vegetable life; the influence of education on the mind; the
influence, according to astrologers,of the stars over affairs.
Astrologers call the evil influences of the stars,evil aspects.
Bacon.
Cantsthou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands
of Orion Job xxxviii. 31.
She said : influence bad " Spenser.

3. Power or authority arising from elevated station, excelence of
character or intellect, wealth, etc.; reputation; acknowledged
ascendency; as, he is a man of influence in the community.
Such influence hath your excellency. Sir P. Sidney.

4. (Elec.)

Defn: Induction.

Syn.
 -- Control; persuasion; ascendency; sway; power; authority;
supremacy; mastery; management; restraint; character; reputation;
prestige.

INFLUENCE
In"flu*ence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Influenced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Influencing.]

Defn: To control or move by power, physical or moral; to affect by
gentle action; to exert an influence upon; to modify, bias, or sway;
to move; to persuade; to induce.
Theseexperiments succeed after the same manner in vacuo as in the
open air,and therefore are not influenced by the weight or pressure
of the atmosphere. Sir I. Newton.
This standing revelation . . . is sufficient to influence their faith
and practice, if they attend. Attebury.
The principle which influenced their obedience has lost its efficacy.
Rogers.

INFLUENCER
In"flu*en*cer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, influences.

INFLUENCIVE
In"flu*en*cive, a.

Defn: Tending toinfluence; influential.

INFLUENT
In"flu*ent, a. Etym: [L. influens, -entis, p. pr. of influere,
influxum, to flow in; pref. in- in + fluere to flow. See Fluid.]

1. Flowing in. "With influent tide." Cowper. "Influent odors." Mrs.
Browning.

2. Exerting influence; influential. [Obs.]
I find no office by name assigned unto Dr.Cox, who was virtually
influent upon all, and most active. Fuller.

INFLUENTIAL
In`flu*en"tial, a. Etym: [See Influence.]

Defn: Exerting or possessing influence or power; potent; efficacious;
effective; strong; having authority or ascendency; as, an influential
man, station, argument, etc.
A very influential Gascon prefix. Earle.

INFLUENTIALLY
In`flu*en"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In an influential manner.

INFLUENZA
In`flu*en"za, n. Etym: [It. influenza influence, an epidemic formerly
attributed by astrologers to the influence of the heavenly bodies,
influenza. See Influence.] (Med.)

Defn: An epidemic affection characterized by acute nasal catarrh, or
by inflammation of the throat or the bronchi, and usually accompanied
by fever.

INFLUX
In"flux`, n. Etym: [L. influxus, fr. influere, influxum, to flow in:
cf. F. influx. See Influent.]

1. The act of flowing in; as, an influx of light.

2. A coming in; infusion; intromission; introduction; importation in
abundance; also, that which flows or comes in; as, a great influx of
goods into a country, or an influx of gold and silver.
The influx of food into the Celtic region, however, was far from
keeping pace with the influx of consumers. Macaulau.
The general influx of Greek into modern languages. Earle.

3. Influence; power. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

INFLUXION
In*flux"ion, n. Etym: [L. influxio : cf. F. influxion.]

Defn: A flowing in; infusion. [R.] Bacon.

INFLUXIOUS
In*flux"ious, a.

Defn: Influential. [Obs.]

INFLUXIVE
In*flux"ive, a.

Defn: Having a tendency to flow in; having influence; influential.
[R.] Holdsworth.

INFLUXIVELY
In*flux"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: By influxion. [R.]

INFOLD
In*fold" (n-fld''), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infolded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Infolding.] Etym: [Pref. in- in + fold.] [Written also enfold.]

1. To wrap up or cover with folds; to envelop; to inwrap; to inclose;
to involve.
Gilded tombs do worms infold. Shak.
Infold his limbs in bands. Blackmore.

2. To clasp with the arms; to embrace.
Noble Banquo, . . . let me infold thee, And hold thee to my heart.
Shak.

INFOLDMENT
In*fold"ment, n.

Defn: The act of infolding; the state of being infolded.

INFOLIATE
In*fo"li*ate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. in- in + L. folium leaf.]

Defn: To cover or overspread with, or as with, leaves. [R.] Howell.

INFORM
In*form", a. Etym: [L. informis; pref. in- not + forma form, shape:
cf. F. informe]

Defn: Without regular form; shapeless; ugly; deformed. Cotton.

INFORM
In*form", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Informed; p. pr. & vb. n. Informing.]
Etym: [OE. enformen, OF. enformer, F. informer. L. informare; pref.
in- in + formare to form, share, fr. forma form. See Form.]

1. To give form or share to; to give vital ororganizing power to; to
give life to; to imbue and actuate with vitality; to animate; to
mold; to figure; to fashion.
"The informing Word." Coleridge.
Let others better mold the running mass Of metals, and inform the
breathing brass. Dryden.
Breath informs this fleeting frame. Prior.
Breathes in our soul,informs our mortal part. Pope.

2. To communicate knowledge to; to make known to; to acquaint; to
advise; to instruct; to tell; to notify; to enlighten; -- usually
followed by of.
For he would learn their business secretly, And then inform his
master hastily. Spenser.
I am informed thoroughky of the cause. Shak.

3. To communicate a knowledge of facts to,by way of accusation; to
warn against anybody.
Tertullus . . . informed the governor against Paul. Acts xxiv. 1.

Syn.
 -- To acquaint; apprise; tell; teach; instruct; enlighten; animate;
fashion.

INFORM
In*form", v. t.

1. To take form; to become visible or manifest; to appear. [Obs.]
It is the bloody business which informs Thus to mine eyes. Shak.

2. To give intelligence or information; to tell. Shak.
He might either teach in the same manner,or inform how he had been
taught. Monthly Rev.
To inform against, to communicate facts by way of accusation against;
to denounce; as, two persons came to the magistrate, and informed
against A.

INFORMAL
In*form"al, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + formal.]

1. Not in the regular, usual, or established form; not according to
official, conventional, prescribed, or customary forms or rules;
irregular; hence, without ceremony; as, an informal writting,
proceeding, or visit.

2. Deranged in mind; out of one's senses. [Obs.]
These poor informal women. Shak.

INFORMALITY
In`for*mal"i*ty, n.; pl. Informalities (.

1. The state of being informal; want of regular, prescribed, or
customary form; as, the informality of legal proceedings.

2. An informal, unconventional, or unofficial act or proceeding;
something which is not in proper or prescribed form or does not
conform to the established rule.

INFORMALLY
In*form"al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an informal manner.

INFORMANT
In*form"ant, n. Etym: [L. informans, -antis, p.pr. of informare. See
Inform, v. t.]

1. One who, or that which, informs, animates, or vivifies. [Obs.]
Glanvill.

2. One who imparts information or instruction.

3. One who offers an accusation; an informer. See Informer. [Obs. or
R.]
It was the last evidence of the kind; the informant was hanged.
Burke.

INFORMATION
In`for*ma"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. informatio representation,
cinception. See Inform, v. t.]

1. The act of informing, or communicating knowledge or intelligence.
The active informations of the intellect. South.

2. News, advice, or knowledge, communicated by others or obtained by
personal study and investigation; intelligence; knowledge derived
from reading, observation, or instruction.
Larger opportunities of information. Rogers.
He should get some information in the subject he intends to handle.
Swift.

3. (Law)

Defn: A proceeding in the nature of a prosecution for some offens
against the government, instituted and prosecuted, really or
nominally, by some authorized public officer on behalt of the
government. It differs from an indictment in criminal cases chiefly
in not being based on the finding of a grand juri. See Indictment.

INFORMATIVE
In*form"a*tive, a.

Defn: Having power to inform, animate, or vivify. Dr. H. More.

INFORMATORY
In*form"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Full of, or conveying, information; instructive. [R.] London
Spectator.

INFORMED
In*formed" (n-frmd''), a.

Defn: Unformed or ill-formed; deformed; shapeless. [Obs.] Spenser.
Informed stars. See under Unformed.

INFORMER
In*form"er, n. Etym: [From Inform,v.]

1. One who informs, animates, or inspires. [Obs.] Thomson.
Nature, informer of the poet's art. Pope.

2. One who informs, or imparts knowledge or news.

3. (Law)

Defn: One who informs a magistrate of violations of law; one who
informs against another for violation of some law or penal statute.
Common informer (Law), one who habitually gives information of the
violation of penal statutes, with a view to a prosecution therefor.
Bouvier. Wharton.

INFORMIDABLE
In*for"mi*da*ble, a. Etym: [L. informidabilis. See In- not, and
Formidable.]

Defn: Not formidable; not to be feared or dreaded. [Obs.] "Foe not
informidable." Milton.

INFORMITY
In*form"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. informitas. See Inform, a.]

Defn: Want of regular form; shapelessness. [Obs.]

INFORMOUS
In*form"ous, a. Etym: [See Inform, a.]

Defn: Of irregular form; shapeless. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

INFORTUNATE
In*for"tu*nate, a. Etym: [L. infortunatus.]

Defn: Unlucky; unfortunate. [Obs.] Shak.
"A most infortynate chance." Howell.
- In*for"tu*nate*ly, adv. [Obs.]

INFORTUNE
In*for"tune, n. Etym: [L. infortunium. See In- not, and Fortune.]

Defn: Misfortune. [Obs.] Chaucer.

INFORTUNED
In*for"tuned, a.

Defn: Unfortunate. [Obs.]
I, woeful wretch and infortuned wight. Chaucer.

INFOUND
In*found", v. t. Etym: [L. infundere to pour in. See Infuse.]

Defn: To pour in; to infuse. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

INFRA
In*"fra, adv. Etym: [L. Cf. Inferior.]

Defn: Below; beneath; under; after; -- often used as a prefix.

INFRA-AXILLARY
In`fra-ax"il*la*ry, a. Etym: [Infra + axillary.] (Bot.)

Defn: Situated below the axil, as a bud.

INFRABRANCHIAL
In`fra*bran"chi*al, a. Etym: [Infra + branchial.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Below the gills; -- applied to the ventral portion of the
pallial chamber in the lamellibranchs.

INFRACLAVICULAR
In`fra*cla*vic"u*lar, a. Etym: [Infra + clavicular.] (Anat.)

Defn: Below the clavicle; as, the infraclavicular fossa.

INFRACT
In*fract" (n-fr*kt''), a. Etym: [L. infractus; pref. in- not +
fractus. p.p. of frangere to break.]

Defn: Not broken or fractured; unharmed; whole. [Obs.] Chapman.

INFRACT
In*fract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infracted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Infracting.] Etym: [L. infractus, p.p. of of infringere. See
Infringe.]

Defn: To break; to infringe. [R.] Thomson.

INFRACTIBLE
In*fract"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being broken.[R.]

INFRACTION
In*frac"tion, n. Etym: [L. infractio: cf. F. infraction.]

Defn: The act of infracting or breaking; breach; violation;
nonobservance; infringement; as, an infraction of a treaty, compact,
rule, or law. I. Watts.

INFRACTOR
In*fract"or, n. Etym: [Cf. F. infracteur.]

Defn: One who infracts or infringes; a violator; a breaker.

INFRAGRANT
In*fra"grant, a.

Defn: Not fragrant.

INFRAHYOID
In`fra*hy"oid, a. Etym: [Infra + hyoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Hyosternal (a).

INFRALABIAL
In`fra*la"bi*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Below the lower lip; -- said of certain scales of reptiles and
fishes.

INFRALAPSARIAN
In`fra*lap*sa"ri*an, n. Etym: [Infra + lapse: cf. F. infralapsaire.
See Lapse.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of that class of Calvinists who consider the decree of
election as contemplating the apostasy as past and the elect as being
at the time of election in a fallen and guilty state; -- opposed to
Supralapsarian. The former considered the election of grace as a
remedy for an existing evil; the latter regarded the fall as a part
of God's original purpose in regard to men.

INFRALAPSARIAN
In`fra*lap*sa"ri*an, a. (Theor.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Infralapsarians, or to their doctrine.

INFRALAPSARIANISM
In`fra*lap*sa"ri*an*ism, n. (Theor.)

Defn: The doctrine, belief, or principles of the Inralapsarians.

INFRAMARGINAL
In`fra*mar"gin*al, a. Etym: [Infra + marginal.]

Defn: Below the margin; submarginal; as, an inframarginal convolution
of the brain.

INFRAMAXILLARY
In`fra*max"il*la*ry, a. Etym: [Infra + maxillary.] (Anat.)
(a) Under the lower jaw; submaxillary; as, the inframaxillary nerve.
(b) Of or pertaining to the lower iaw.

INFRAMEDIAN
In`fra*me"di*an, a. Etym: [Infra + median.] (Zoölogical Geog.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the interval or zone along the sea bottom,
at the depth of between fifty and one hundred fathoms. E. Forbes.

INFRAMUNDANE
In`fra*mun"dane, a. Etym: [Infra + mundane.]

Defn: Lying or situated beneath the world.

INFRANCHISE
In*fran"chise, v. t.

Defn: See Enfranchise.

INFRANGIBILITY
In*fran`gi*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being infrangible; infrangibleness.

INFRANGIBLE
In*fran"gi*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + grangible: cf.F.
infrangible.]

1. Not capable of being broken or separated into parts; as,
infrangible atoms.
[He] link'd their fetlocks with a golden band Infrangible. Pope.

2. Not to be infringed or violated.

INFRANGIBLENESS
In*fran"gi*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being infrangible; infrangibility.

INFRAOCULAR
In`fra*oc"u*lar, a. Etym: [Infra + ocular.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated below the eyes, as the antenna of certain insects.

INFRAORBITAL
In`fra*or"bit*al, a. Etym: [Infra + orbital.] (Anat.)

Defn: Below the orbit; as, the infraorbital foramen; the infraorbital
nerve.

INFRAPOSE
In`fra*pose", v. t. Etym: [Infra + pose.]

Defn: To place under or beneath. [R.]

INFRAPOSITION
In`fra*po*si"tion, n. Etym: [Infra + position.]

Defn: A situation or position beneath. Kane.

INFRA-RED
In`fra-red", a.  [Infra- + red.] (Physics)

Defn: Lying outside the visible spectrum at its red end; -- said of
rays less refrangible than the extreme red rays.

INFRASCAPULAR
In`fra*scap"u*lar, a. Etym: [Infra + scapular.] (Anat.)

Defn: Beneath the scapula, or shoulder blade; subscapular.

INFRASPINAL
In`fra*spi"nal, a. Etym: [Infra + spinal.] (Anat.)
(a) Below the vertebral column, subvertebral.
(b) Below the spine; infraspinate; infraspinous.

INFRASPINATE; INFRASPINOUS
In`fra*spi"nate, In`fra*spi*nous, a. Etym: [Infra + spinate,
spinous.] (Anat.)

Defn: Below the spine; infraspinal; esp., below the spine of the
scapula; as, the infraspinous fossa; the infraspinate muscle.

INFRASTAPEDIAL
In`fra*sta*pe"di*al, a. Etym: [Infra + stapedial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a part of the columella of the ear, which
in many animals projects below the connection with the stapes.
 -- n.

Defn: The infrastapedial part of the columella.

INFRASTERNAL
In`fra*ster"nal, a. Etym: [Infra + sternal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Below the sternum; as, the infrasternal depression, or pit of
the stomach.

INFRATEMPORAL
In`fra*tem"po*ral, a. Etym: [Infra + temporal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Below the temple; below the temporal bone.

INFRATERRITORIAL
In`fra*ter"ri*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [Infra + territorial.]

Defn: Within the territory of a state. Story.

INFRATROCHLEAR
In`fra*troch"le*ar, a. Etym: [Infra + trochlear.] (Anat.)

Defn: Below a trochlea, or pulley; -- applied esp. to one of the
subdivisions of the trigeminal nerve.

INFREQUENCE; INFREQUENCY
In*fre"quence, In*fre"quen*cy, n. Etym: [L. infrequentia scantiness :
cf. F. infrequence.]

1. The state of rarely occuring; uncommonness; rareness; as, the
infrquence of his visits.

2. The state of not being frequented; solitude; isolation;
retirement; seclusion. [R.]
The solitude and infrequency of the place. Bp. Hall.

INFREQUENT
In*fre"quent, a. Etym: [L. infrquens : cf.F. infrequent. See In- not,
and Frequent.]

Defn: Seldom happening or occurring; rare; uncommon; unusual.
The act whereof is at this day infrequent or out of use among all
sorts of men. Sir T. Elyot.

INFREQUENTLY
In*fre"quent*ly, adv.

Defn: Not frequently; rarely.

INFRIGIDATE
In*frig"i*date, v. t. Etym: [L. infrigidatus, p.p. of infrigidare to
chill. See 1st In-, and Frigid.]

Defn: To chill; to make cold; to cool. [Obs.] Boyle.

INFRIGIDATION
In*frig`i*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. infrigidatio.]

Defn: The act of chilling or causing to become cold; a chilling;
coldness; congelation. [Obs.] Boyle.

INFRINGE
In*fringe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infringed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Infringing.] Etym: [L. infringere; pref. in- in + frangere to break.
See Fraction, and cf. Infract .]

1. To break; to violate; to transgress; to neglect to fulfill or
obey; as, to infringe a law or contract.
If the first that did the edict infringe, Had answered for his deed.
Shak.
The peace . . . was infringed by Appius Claudius. Golding.

2. To hinder; to destroy; as, to infringe efficacy; to infringe
delight or power. [Obs.] Hooker.

INFRINGE
In*fringe", v. i.

1. To break, violate, or transgress some contract, rule, or law; to
injure; to offend.

2. To encroach; to trespass; -- followed by on or upon; as, to
infringe upon the rights of another.

INFRINGEMENT
In*fringe"ment, n.

1. The act of infringing; breach; violation; nonfulfillment; as, the
infringement of a treaty, compact, law, or constitution.
The punishing of this infringement is proper to that jurisdiction
against which the contempt is. Clarendon.

2. An encroachment on a patent, copyright, or other special
privilege; a trespass.

INFRINGER
In*frin"ger, n.

Defn: One who infringes or violates; a violator. Strype.

INFRUCTUOSE
In*fruc"tu*ose", a. Etym: [L.infructuosus. See In- not, and Fruit.]

Defn: Not producing fruit; unfruitful; unprofitable. [R.] T. Adams.

INFRUGAL
In*fru"gal, a.

Defn: Not frugal; wasteful; as, an infrugal expense of time. J.
Goodman.

INFRUGIFEROUS
In`fru*gif"er*ous, a.

Defn: Not bearing fruit; not fructiferous.

INFUCATE
In`fu*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. infucatus painted; pref. in- in + fucare
to paint, dye. See Fucate.]

Defn: To stain; to paint; to daub.

INFUCATION
In`fu*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of painting or staining, especially of painting the
face.

INFULA
In"fu*la, n.; pl. Infule. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A sort of fillet worn by dignitaries, priests, and others among
the ancient Romans. It was generally white.

INFUMATE
In"fu*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infumated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Infumating.] Etym: [L.infumatus, p.p. of infumare to infumate; pref.
in- in + fumare to smoke, fr. fumus smoke.]

Defn: To dry by exposing to smoke; to expose to smoke.

INFUMATED
In"fu*ma`ted, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Clouded; having a cloudy appearance.

INFUMATION
In`fu*ma"tion, n.

Defn: Act of drying in smoke.

INFUMED
In*fumed", a.

Defn: Dried in smoke; smoked.

INFUNDIBULAR; INFUNDIBULATE
In`fun*dib"u*lar, In`fun*dib"u*late, a. Etym: [See Infundibulum.]

Defn: Having the form of a funnel; pertaining to an infundibulum.
Infundibulate Bryozoa (Zoöl.),a group of marine Bryozoa having a
circular arrangement of the tentacles upon the disk.

INFUNDIBULIFORM
In`fun*dib"u*li*form, a. Etym: [L. infundibulum funnel + -form: cf.
F. infundibuliforme.]

1. Having the form of a funnel or cone; funnel-shaped.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Funnelform.

INFUNDIBULUM
In`fun*dib"u*lum, n.; pl. L. Infundibula, E. Infundibulums. Etym:
[L., a funnel, from infundere to pour in or into. See Infuse.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A funnel-shaped or dilated organ or part; as, the infundibulum
of the brain, a hollow, conical process, connecting the floor of the
third ventricle with the pituitary body; the infundibula of the
lungs, the enlarged terminations of the bronchial tubes.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A central cavity in the Ctenophora, into which the gastric sac
leads.
(b) The siphon of Cephalopoda. See Cephalopoda.

INFUNERAL
In*fu"ner*al, v. t.

Defn: To inter with funeral rites; to bury. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

INFURCATION
In`fur*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. in- in + L. furca fork.]

Defn: A forked exlpansion or divergence; a bifurcation; a branching.
Craig.

INFURIATE
In*fu"ri*ate, a. Etym: [It. infuriato, p. p. of infuriare. See
Infuriate, v. t.]

Defn: Enraged; rading; furiously angry; infuriated. Milton.
Inflamed beyond the most infuriate wrath. Thomson.

INFURIATE
In*fu"ri*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infuriated (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Infuriating] Etym: [It. infuriato, p. p. of infuriare; pref. in- (L.
in) + furia fury, L. furia. See Fury.]

Defn: To render furious; to enrage; to exasperate.
Those curls of entangled snakes with which Erinys is said to have
infuriated Athemas and Ino. Dr. H. More.

INFURIATED
In*fu"ri*a`ted, a.

Defn: Enraged; furious.

INFUSCATE
In*fus"cate, v. t. Etym: [L. infuscatus, p. p. of infuscare; pref.
in- in + fuscare to make dark, fr. fuscus dark.]

Defn: To darken; to make black; to obscure.

INFUSCATED
In*fus"ca*ted, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Darkened with a blackish tinge.

INFUSCATION
In`fus*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of darkening, or state of being dark; darkness;
obscurity. Johnson.

INFUSE
In*fuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infused; p. pr. & vb. n. Infusing.]
Etym: [L. infusus, p.p. of infundere to pour in or into; pref. in- in
+ fundere to pour: cf. F. infuser. See Found to cast.]

1. To pour in, as a liquid; to pour (into or upon); to shed.
That strong Circean liquor cease to infuse. Denham.

2. To instill, as principles or qualities; to introduce.
That souls of animals infuse themselves Into the trunks of men. Shak.
Why should he desire to have qualities infused into his son which
himself never possessd Swift.

3. To inspire; to inspirit or animate; to fill; -- followed by with.
Infuse his breast with magnanimity. Shak.
Infusing him with self and vain conceit. Shak.

4. To steep in water or other fluid without boiling, for the propose
of extracting medicinal qualities; to soak.
One scruple of dried leaves is infused in ten ounces of warm water.
Coxe.

5. To make an infusion with, as an ingredient; to tincture; to
saturate. [R.] Bacon.

INFUSE
In*fuse, n.

Defn: Infusion. [Obs.] Spenser.

INFUSER
In*fus"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, infuses.

INFUSIBILITY
In*fu`si*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [From Infuse.]

Defn: Capability of being infused, pouredin, or instilled.

INFUSIBILITY
In*fu`si*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + fusibility: cf. F.
infusibilité.]

Defn: Incapability or difficulty of being fused, melted, or
dissolved; as, the infusibility of carbon.

INFUSIBLE
In*fu"si*ble, a. Etym: [From Infuse, v.]

Defn: Capable of being infused.
Doctrines being infusible into all. Hammond.

INFUSIBLE
In*fu"si*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + fusible: cf. F. infusible.]

Defn: Not fusible; incapble or difficalt of fusion, or of being
dissolved or melted. Sir T. Browne.
The best crucibles are made of Limoges earth, which seems absolutely
infusible. Lavoisier (Trans. ).

INFUSIBLENESS
In*fu"si*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Infusibility.

INFUSION
In*fu"sion, n. Etym: [L. infusio a pouring in: cf. F. infusion. See
Infuse, v. t.]

1. The act of infusing, pouring in, or instilling; instillation; as,
the infusion of good principles into the mind; the infusion of ardor
or zeal.
Our language has received innumerable elegancies and improvements
from that infusion of Hebraisms. Addison.

2. That which is infused; suggestion; inspiration.
His folly and his wisdom are of his oun growth, not the echo or
infusion of other men. Swift.

3. The act of plunging or dipping into a fluid; immersion. [Obs.]
"Baptism by infusion." Jortin.

4. (Pharmacy)
(a) The act or process of steeping or soaking any substance in water
in order to extract its virtues.
(b) The liquid extract obtained by this process.
Sips meek infusion of a milder herb. Cowper.

INFUSIONISM
In*fu"sion*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine that the soul is preexistent to the body, and is
infused into it at conception or birth; -- opposed to tradicianism
and creationism.

INFUSIVE
In*fu"sive, a.

Defn: Having the power of infusion; inspiring; influencing.
The infusive force of Spirit on man. Thomson.

INFUSORIA
In`fu*so"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.; -- so called because found in
infusions which are left exposed to the air for a time. See Infuse.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the classes of Protozoa, including a large number of
species, all of minute size.

Note: They are found in all seas, lakes, ponds, and streams, as well
as in infusions of organic matter exposed to the air. They are
distinguished by having vibrating lashes or cilia, with which they
obtain their food and swim about.They are devided into the orders
Flagellata, Ciliata, and Tentaculifera. See these words in the
Vocabulary. Formely the term Infusoria was applied to all microscopic
organisms found in water, including many minute plants, belonging to
the diatoms, as well as minute animals belonging to various classes,
as the Rotifera, which are worms; and the Rhizopoda, which constitute
a distinct class of Protozoa. Fossil Infusoria are mostly the
siliceous shells of diatoms; sometimes they are siliceous skeletons
of Radiolaria, or the calcareous shells of Foraminifera.

INFUSORIAL
In`fu*so"ri*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Infusoria; composed of, or containing,
Infusoria; as, infusorial earth. Infusorial earth (Geol.), a deposit
of fine, usually white, siliceous material, composed mainly of the
shells of the microscopic plants called diatoms. It is used in
polishing powder, and in the manufacture of dynamite.

INFUSORIAN
In`fu*so"ri*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Infusoria.

INFUSORY
In*fu"so*ry, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Infusorial.

INFUSORY
In*fu"so*ry, n.; pl. Infusories (. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Infusoria; -- usually in the pl.

-ING
-ing.

1. Etym: [For OE. -and, -end, -ind, AS. -ende; akin to Goth. -and-,
L. -ant-, -ent-, Gr.

Defn: A suffix used to from present participles; as, singing,
playing.

2. Etym: [OE. -ing, AS. -ing, -ung.]

Defn: A suffix used to form nouns from verbs, and signifying the act
of; the result of the act; as, riding, dying, feeling. It has also a
secondary collective force; as, shipping, clothing.

Note: The Old English ending of the present participle and verbal
noun became confused, both becoming -ing.

3. Etym: [AS. -ing.]

Defn: A suffix formerly used to form diminutives; as, lording,
farthing.

ING
Ing, n. Etym: [AS. ing.]

Defn: A pasture or meadow; generally one lying low, near a river.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

INGANNATION
In`gan*na"tion, n. Etym: [LL. ingannare to decieve.]

Defn: Cheat; deception. [Obs.] Sir T. Brown.

INGATE
In"gate` (, n.

1. Entrance; ingress. [Obs.]
Which hath in charge the ingate of the year. Spenser.

2. (Fonding)

Defn: The aperture in a mold for pouring in the metal; the gate.
Simmonds.

INGATHERING
In"gath`er*ing, n.

Defn: The act or business of gathering or collecting anything;
especially, the gathering of the fruits of the earth; harvest.
Thou shalt keep . . . the feast of ingathering. Ex. xxii. 16.

INGELABLE
In*gel"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not congealable.

INGEMINATE
In*gem"i*nate, a. Etym: [L. ingeminatus, p. p.]

Defn: Redoubled; repeated. Jer. Taylor.

INGEMINATE
In*gem"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ingeminated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ingeminating.] Etym: [L. ingeminatus, p. p. of ingeminare to double;
pref. in- in + geminare. See Geminate.]

Defn: To redouble or repeat; to reiterate. Clarendon.
. . . She yet ingeminates The last of sounds, and what she hears
relates. Sandys.

INGEMINATION
In*gem`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: Repetition; reduplication; reiteration. De Quincey.
That Sacred ingemination, Amen, Amen. Featley.
Happiness with an echo or ingemination. Holdsworth.

INGENA
In*ge"na, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gorilla.

INGENDER
In*gen"der, v. t.

Defn: See Engender.

INGENERABILLTY
In*gen`er*a*bil"l*ty, n.

Defn: Incapacity of being engendered or produced. Cudworth.

INGENERABLE
In*gen"er*a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + generable: cf. F.
ingenerable.]

Defn: Incapble of being engendered or produced; original. Holland.

INGENERABLY
In*gen"er*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an ingenerable manner.

INGENERATE
In*gen"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. ingeneratus, p. p. of ingenerare. See
engender]

Defn: Generated within; inborn; innate; as, ingenerate powers of
body. W. Wotton.
Those virtues were rather feigned and affected . . . than true
qualities ingenerate in his judgment. Bacon.

INGENERATE
In*gen"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ingenerat; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ingenerating.]

Defn: To generate or produce within; to begete; to engener; to
occasion; to cause. Mede.
Those noble habits are ingenerated in the soul. Sir M. Hale.

INGENERATION
In*gen`er*a"tion, n.

Defn: Act of ingenerating.

INGENIATE
In*ge"ni*ate, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Ingenious.]

Defn: To invent; to contrive. [Obs.] Daniel.

INGENIE
In"ge*nie, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Ingeny.

INGENIOSITY
In*ge`ni*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. ingeniositas.]

Defn: Ingenuity; skill; cunning. [Obs.] Cudworth.

INGENIOUS
In*gen"ious, a. Etym: [L. ingeniosus, fr. ingenium innate or natural
quality, natural capacity, genius: cf. F. ingénieux. See Engine.]

1. Possessed of genius, or the faculty of invention; skillful or
promp to invent; having an aptitude to contrive, or to form new
combinations; as, an ingenious author, mechanic.
A man . . . very wise and ingenious in feats of war. Hakluyt.
Thou, king, send out For torturers ingenious. Shak.
The more ingenious men are, the more apt are they to trouble
themselves. Sir W. Temple.

2. Proseeding from, pertaining to, or characterized by, genius or
ingenuity; of curious design, structure, or mechanism; as, an
ingenious model, or machine; an ingenious scheme, contrivance, etc.
Thus men go wrong with an ingenious skill. Cowper.

3. Witty; shrewd; adroit; keen; sagacious; as, an ingenious reply.

4. Mental; intellectual. [Obs.]
A course of learning and ingenious studies. Shak.

INGENIOUSLY
In*gen"ious*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ingenious manner; with ingenuity; skillfully; wittily;
cleverly.
"Too ingeniously politic." Sir W. Temple.

INGENIOUSNESS
In*gen"ious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being ingenious; ingenuity.

INGENITE; INGENIT
In*gen"ite In*gen"it, a. Etym: [L. ingenitus, p. p. of ingignere to
instill by birthor nature; pref. in- + gignere to beget.]

Defn: Innate; inborn; inbred; inherent; native; ingenerate. [Obs.]
It is naturalor ingenite, which comes by some defect of the organs
and overmuch brain. Burton.

INGENUE
In`gé`nue" (aN`zhay`nus"), n.; pl. -nues (#). [F., fem. of ingénu
ingenious.]

Defn: An ingenuous or naïve girl or young woman, or an actress
representing such a person.

INGENUITY
In`ge*nu"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. ingenuitas ingenuousness: cf. F.
ingénuité. See Ingenuous.]

1. The quality or power of ready invention; quickness or acuteness in
forming new combinations; ingeniousness; skill in devising or
combining.
All the means which human ingenuity has contrived. Blair.

2. Curiousness, or cleverness in design or contrivance; as, the
ingenuity of a plan, or of mechanism.
He gives . . . To artist ingenuity and skill. Cowper.

3. Openness of heat; ingeniuousness. [Obs.]
The stings and remores of natural ingenuity, a principle that men
scarcely ever shake off, as long as they carry anything of human
nature about them. South.

Syn.
 -- Inventiveness; ingeniousness; skill; cunning; cleverness; genius.
 -- Ingenuity, Cleverness. Ingenuity is a form of genius, and
cleverness of talent. The former implies invention, the letter a
peculiar dexterity and readiness of execution. Sir James Mackintosh
remarks that the English overdo in the use of the word clever and
cleverness, applying them loosely to almost every form of
intellectual ability.

INGENUOUS
In*gen"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. ingenuus inborn, innate, freeborn, noble,
frank; pref. in- in + the root of gignere to beget. See Genius, and
cf. Ingenious.]

1. Of honorable extraction; freeborn; noble; as, ingenuous blood of
birth.

2. Noble; generous; magnanimous; honorable; uprigth; high-minded; as,
an ingenuous ardor or zeal.
If an ingenuous detestation of falsehood be but carefully and early
instilled, that is the true and genuin method to obviate dishonesty.
Locke.

3. Free from reserve, disguise, equivocation, or dissimulation; open;
frank; sa, an ingenuous man; an ingenuous declaration, confession,
etc.
Sensible in myself . . . what a burden it is for me, who would be
ingenuous, to be loaded with courtesies which he hath not the least
hope to requite or deserve. Fuller.

4. Ingenious. [Obs.] Shak.

Note: (Formerly) printers did not discriminate between . . .
ingenuous and ingenious, and these words were used or rather printed
interchangeably almost to the begining of the eighteenth century. G.
P. Marsh.

Syn.
 -- Open; frank; unreserved; artless; plain; sincere; candid; fair;
noble; generous.
 -- Ingenuous, Open, Frank. One who is open speaks out at once what
is uppermost in his mind; one who is frank does it from a natural
boldness, or dislike of self-restraint; one who is ingenuous is
actuated by a native simplicity and artlessness, which make him
willing to confess faults, and make known his sentiments without
reserve. See Candid.

INGENUOUSLY
In*gen"u*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ingenuous manner; openly; fairly; candidly; artlessly.
Being required to explane himself, he ingeniously confessed. Ludlow.

INGENUOUSNESS
In*gen"u*ous*ness, n.

1. The state or quality of being ingenuous; openness of heart;
frankness.

2. Ingenuity. [Obs.] Fuller.

INGENY
In"ge*ny, n. Etym: [L. ingenium. See Ingenious.]

Defn: Natural gift or talent; ability; wit; ingenuity. [Obs.]
[Written also ingenie.] Becon.

INGERMINATE
In*ger"mi*nate, v. t.

Defn: To cause to germinate.

INGEST
In*gest", v. t. Etym: [L. ingenium, p. p. of ingerere to put in;
pref. in- in + gerere to bear.]

Defn: To take into, or as into, the stomach or alimentary canal. Sir
T. Browne.

INGESTA
In*ges"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Ingest.] (Physiol.)

Defn: That which is introduced into the body by the stomach or
alimentary canal; -- opposed to egesta.

INGESTION
In*ges"tion, n. Etym: [L. ingestio: cf. F. ingestion.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The act of taking or putting into the stomach; as, the
ingestion of milk or other food.

INGHALLA
In*ghal"la, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The reedbuck of South Africa. [Written also ingali.]

INGIRT
In*girt", v. t. Etym: [See Ingirt.]

Defn: To encircle to gird; to engirt.
The wreath is ivy that ingirts our beams. Drayton.

INGIRT
In*girt", a.

Defn: Surrounded; encircled. Fenton.

INGLE
In"gle, n. Etym: [Gael. & Ir. aingeali fire; cf. L. igniculusi spark,
dim. of ignis fire. Cf. Ignite.]

Defn: Flame; blaze; a fire; a fireplace. [Obs. or Scot.] Burns. Ingle
nock, the chimney corner.
 -- Ingle side, Ingle cheek, the fireside.

INGLE
In"gle, n. Etym: [Written also engle, enghle: cf. Gael. & Ir. aingeal
an angel. Cf. Engle.]

Defn: A paramour; a favourite; a sweetheart; an engle. [Obs.] Toone.

INGLE
In"gle, v. t.

Defn: To cajole or coax; to wheedle. See Engle. [Obs.]

INGLOBATE
In*glo"bate, a.

Defn: In the form of a globe or sphere; -- applied to nebulous matter
collected into a sphere by the force of gravitation.

INGLOBE
In*globe", v. t.

Defn: To infix, as in a globe; to fix or secure firmly. [Obs.]
Milton.

INGLORIOUS
In*glo"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. inglorious; pref. in- not + gloria glory,
fame: cf. F. inglorieux. See Glory.]

1. Not glorious; not bringing honor or glory; not accompanied with
fame, honor, or celebrity; obscure; humble; as, an inglorious life of
ease. Shak.
My next desire is, void of care and strife, To lead a soft, secure,
inglorious life. Dryden.
Some mute inglorious Milton here may rest. Gray.

2. Shameful; disgraceful; ignominious; as, inglorious flight, defeat,
etc.
Inglorious shelter in an alien land. J. Philips.

INGLORIOUSLY
In*glo"ri*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inglorious manner; dishonorably; with shame;
ignominiously; obscurely.

INGLORIOUSNESS
In*glo"ri*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being inglorious.

INGLUT
In*glut", v. t.

Defn: To glut. [R.] Ascham.

INGLUVIAL
In*glu"vi*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the indulges or crop of birds.

INGLUVIES
In*glu"vi*es, n. Etym: [L.] (Anat.)

Defn: The crop, or craw, of birds.

INGLUVIOUS
In*glu"vi*ous, a.

Defn: Gluttonous. [Obs.] Blount.

IN-GOING
In"-go`ing, n.

Defn: The act of going in; entrance.

IN-GOING
In"-go`ing, a.

Defn: Going; entering, as upon an office or a possession; as, an in-
going tenant.

INGORGE
In*gorge", v. t. & i.

Defn: See Engorge. Milton.

INGOT
In"got, n. Etym: [Prob. from AS. in in + geótan to pour: cf. F.
linglot, LL. lingotus a mass of gold or silver, extended in the
manner of a tongue, and G. einguss, LG. & OE. ingot ingot, a mold for
casting metals in. See Found to cast, and cf. Linget, Lingot,
Nugget.]

1. That in which metal is cast; a mold. [Obs.]
And from the fire he took up his matter And in the ingot put it with
merry cheer. Chaucer.

2. A bar or wedge of steel, gold, or other malleable metal, cast in a
mold; a mass of unwrought cast metal.
Wrought ingots from Besoara's mine. Sir W. Jones.
Ingot mold, a box or mold in which ingots are cast.
 -- Ingot iron. See Decarbonized steel, under Decarbonize.

INGOT STEEL
In"got steel.

Defn: Steel cast in ingots from the Bessemer converter or open-hearth
furnace.

INGRACE
In*grace", v. t. Etym: [Pref. in- in + grace.]

Defn: To ingratiate. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

INGRACIOUS
In*gra"cious, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + gracious.]

Defn: Ungracious; unkind. [Obs.] Holland.

INGRAFF
In*graff", v. t.

Defn: See Ingraft. [Obs.]

INGRAFT
In*graft", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ingrafted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ingrafting.] Etym: [Written also engraft.]

1. To insert, as a scion of one tree, shrub, or plant in another for
propagation; as, to ingraft a peach scion on a plum tree;
figuratively, to insert or introduce in such a way as to make a part
of something.
This fellow would ingraft a foreign name Upon our stock. Dryden.
A custom . . . ingrafted into the monarchy of Rome. Burke.

2. To subject to the process of grafting; to furnish with grafts or
scions; to graft; as, to ingraft a tree.

INGRAFTER
In*graft"er, n.

Defn: A person who ingrafts.

INGRAFTMENT
In*graft"ment, n.

1. The act of ingrafting.

2. The thing ingrafted; a scion.

INGRAIN
In"grain`, a. Etym: [Pref. in- in + grain kermes. See Engrain,
Grain.]

1. Dyed with grain, or kermes. [Obs.]

2. Dyed before manufacture, -- said of the material of a textile
fabric; hence, in general, thoroughly inwrought; forming an essential
part of the substance. Ingrain carpet, a double or two-ply carpet.
 -- Triple ingrain carpet, a three-ply carpet.

INGRAIN
In"grain`, n.

Defn: An ingrain fabric, as a carpet.

INGRAIN
In"grain`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ingrained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ingraining.] Etym: [Written also engrain.]

1. To dye with or in grain or kermes.

2. To dye in the grain, or before manufacture.

3. To work into the natural texture or into the mental or moral
constitution of; to stain; to saturate; to imbue; to infix deeply.
Our fields ingrained with blood. Daniel.
Cruelty and jealousy seem to be ingrained in a man who has these
vices at all. Helps.

INGRAPPLE
In*grap"ple, v. t. & i.

Defn: To seize; to clutch; to grapple. [Obs.] Drayton.

INGRATE
In"grate`, a. Etym: [L. ingratus. See Ingrateful.]

Defn: Ingrateful. [Obs. or Poetic] Bacon.

INGRATE
In"grate`, n.

Defn: An ungrateful person. Milton.

INGRATEFUL
In"grate`ful, a. Etym: [L. ingratus ingrateful (pref. in- not +
gratus beloved, dear, grateful) + -ful: cf. F. ingrat. See Grateful.]

1. Ungrateful; thankless; unappreciative. Milton.
He proved extremely false and ingrateful to me. Atterbury.

2. Unpleasing to the sense; distasteful; offensive.
He gives . . . no ingrateful food. Milton.
-- In"grate`ful*ly, adv.
 -- In"grate`ful*ness, n.

INGRATELY
In"grate`ly, adv.

Defn: Ungratefully. [Obs.]

INGRATIATE
In*gra"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ingratiated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ingratiating.] Etym: [Pref. in- in + L. gratia. See Grace.]

1. To introduce or commend to the favor of another; to bring into
favor; to insinuate; -- used reflexively, and followed by with before
the person whose favor is sought.
Lysimachus . . . ingratiated himself both with Philip and his pupil.
Budgell.

2. To recommend; to render easy or agreeable; -- followed by to.
[Obs.] Dr. J. Scott.
What difficulty would it [the love of Christ] not ingratiate to us
Hammond.

INGRATIATE
In*gra"ti*ate, v. i.

Defn: To gain favor. [R.] Sir W. Temple.

INGRATITUDE
In*grat"i*tude, n. Etym: [F. ingratitude, L. ingratitudo. See
Ingrate.]

Defn: Want of gratitude; insensibility to, forgetfulness of, or ill
return for, kindness or favors received; unthankfulness;
ungratefulness.
Ingratitude, thou marble-hearted fiend. Shak.
Ingratitude is abhorred both by God and man. L'Estrange.

INGRAVE
In*grave", v. t.

Defn: To engrave. [R.] "Whose gleaming rind ingrav'n." Tennyson.

INGRAVE
In*grave", v. t. Etym: [Pref. in- in + grave. Cf. Engrave.]

Defn: To bury. [Obs.] Heywood.

INGRAVIDATE
In*grav"i*date, v. t. Etym: [L. ingravidatus, p. p. of ingravidare to
impregnate. See 1st In-, and Gravidated.]

Defn: To impregnate. [Obs.] Fuller.

INGRAVIDATION
In*grav`i*da"tion, n.

Defn: The state of being pregnant or impregnated. [Obs.]

INGREAT
In*great", v. t.

Defn: To make great; to enlarge; to magnify. [Obs.] Fotherby.

INGREDIENCE; INGREDIENCY
In*gre"di*ence, In*gre"di*en*cy, n. Etym: [See Ingredient.]

1. Entrance; ingress. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

2. The quality or state of being an ingredient or component part.
Boyle.

INGREDIENT
In*gre"di*ent, n. Etym: [F. ingrédient, L. ingrediens, -entis,
entering into, p. pr. of ingredi, p. p. ingressus, to go into, to
enter; pref. in- in + gradi to walk, go. See Grade.]

Defn: That which enters into a compound, or is a component part of
any combination or mixture; an element; a constituent.
By way of analysis we may proceed from compounds to ingredients. Sir
I. Newton.
Water is the chief ingredient in all the animal fluids and solids.
Arbuthnot.

INGREDIENT
In*gre"di*ent, a.

Defn: Entering as, or forming, an ingredient or component part.
Acts where no sin is ingredient. Jer. Taylor.

INGRESS
In"gress, n. Etym: [L. ingressus, fr. ingredi. See Ingredient.]

1. The act of entering; entrance; as, the ingress of air into the
lungs.

2. Power or liberty of entrance or access; means of entering; as, all
ingress was prohibited.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: The entrance of the moon into the shadow of the earth in
eclipses, the sun's entrance into a sign, etc.

INGRESS
In"gress, v. i.

Defn: To go in; to enter. [R.]

INGRESSION
In*gres"sion, n. Etym: [L. ingressio: cf. F. ingression.]

Defn: Act of entering; entrance. Sir K. Digby.

INGRIEVE
In*grieve, v. t.

Defn: To render more grievous; to aggravate. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

INGROOVE
In*groove", v. t.

Defn: To groove in; to join in or with a groove. Tennyson.

INGROSS
In*gross", v. t.

Defn: See Engross.

INGROWING
In"grow`ing, a.

Defn: Growing or appearing to grow into some other substance.
Ingrowing nail, one whose edges are becoming imbedded in the adjacent
flesh.

INGROWTH
In"growth`, n.

Defn: A growth or development inward. J. LeConte.

INGUEN
In"guen, n. Etym: [L. inguen, inguinis.] (Anat.)

Defn: The groin.

INGUILTY
In*guilt"y, a.

Defn: Not guilty. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

INGUINAL
In"gui*nal, a. Etym: [L. inguinalis, fr. inguen, inguinis, the groin:
cf. F. inguinal.] (Astron. & Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or in the region of, the inguen or groin;
as, an inguinal canal or ligament; inguinal hernia. Inguinal ring.
See Abdominal ring, under Abdominal.

INGULF
In*gulf", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ingulfed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ingulfing.]
Etym: [Cf. Engulf.] [Written also engulf.]

Defn: To swallow up or overwhelm in, or as in, a gulf; to cast into a
gulf. See Engulf.
A river large . . . Passed underneath ingulfed. Milton.

INGULFMENT
In*gulf"ment, n.

Defn: The act of ingulfing, or the state of being ingulfed.

INGURGITATE
In*gur"gi*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. ingurgitatus, p. p. of ingurgitare to
pour in; pref. in- in + gurges whirlpool, gulf.]

1. To swallow, devour, or drink greedily or in large quantity; to
guzzle. Cleveland.

2. To swallow up, as in a gulf. Fotherby.

INGURGITATE
In*gur"gi*tate, v. i.

Defn: To guzzle; to swill. Burton.

INGURGITATION
In*gur`gi*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. ingurgitatio: cf. F. ingurgitation.]

Defn: The act of swallowing greedily or immoderately; that which is
so swallowed. E. Darwin.
He drowned his stomach and senses with a large draught and
ingurgitation of wine. Bacon.

INGUSTABLE
In*gust"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. ingustabilis. See Gustable.]

Defn: Tasteless; insipid. Sir T. Browne.

INHABILE
In*hab"ile, a. Etym: [L. inhabilis: cf. F. inhabile. See In- not, and
Habile, and cf. Unable.]

1. Not apt or fit; unfit; not convenient; inappropriate; unsuitable;
as, inhabile matter. [Obs.]

2. Unskilled; unready; awkward; incompetent; unqualified; -- said of
person. [Obs.] See Unable.

INHABILITY
In`ha*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inhabileté, inhabilité. See
Inability.]

Defn: Unsuitableness; unaptness; unfitness; inability. [Obs.] Barrow.

INHABIT
In*hab"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inhabited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inhabiting.] Etym: [OE. enhabiten, OF. enhabiter, L. inhabitare;
pref. in- in + habitare to dwell. See Habit.]

Defn: To live or dwell in; to occupy, as a place of settled
residence; as, wild beasts inhabit the forest; men inhabit cities and
houses.
The high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternity. Is. lvii. 15.
O, who would inhabit This bleak world alone Moore.

INHABIT
In*hab"it, v. i.

Defn: To have residence in a place; to dwell; to live; to abide.
[Archaic or Poetic] Shak.
They say wild beasts inhabit here. Waller.

INHABITABLE
In*hab"it*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. inhabitabilis. See Inhabit.]

Defn: Capable of being inhabited; habitable.
Systems of inhabitable planets. Locke.

INHABITABLE
In*hab"it*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. inhabitabilis: cf. F. inhabitable. See
In- not, and Habitable.]

Defn: Not habitable; not suitable to be inhabited. [Obs.]
The frozen ridges of the Alps Or other ground inhabitable. Shak.

INHABITANCE; INHABITANCY
In*hab"it*ance, In*hab"it*an*cy, n.

1. The act of inhabiting, or the state of being inhabited; the
condition of an inhabitant; residence; occupancy.
Ruins yet resting in the wild moors testify a former inhabitance.
Carew.

2. (Law)

Defn: The state of having legal right to claim the privileges of a
recognized inhabitant; especially, the right to support in case of
poverty, acquired by residence in a town; habitancy.

INHABITANT
In*hab"it*ant, n. Etym: [L. inhabitans, -antis, p. pr. of
inhabitare.]

1. One who dwells or resides permanently in a place, as distinguished
from a transient lodger or visitor; as, an inhabitant of a house, a
town, a city, county, or state. "Frail inhabitants of earth." Cowper.
In this place, they report that they saw inhabitants which were very
fair and fat people. Abp. Abbot.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who has a legal settlement in a town, city, or parish; a
permanent resident.

INHABITATE
In*hab"i*tate, v. t.

Defn: To inhabit. [Obs.]

INHABITATION
In*hab`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. inhabitatio a dwelling.]

1. The act of inhabiting, or the state of being inhabited;
indwelling.
The inhabitation of the Holy Ghost. Bp. Pearson.

2. Abode; place of dwelling; residence. [Obs.] Milton.

3. Population; inhabitants. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
The beginning of nations and of the world's inhabitation. Sir W.
Raleigh.

INHABITATIVENESS
In*hab"it*a*tive*ness, n. (Phrenol.)

Defn: A tendency or propensity to permanent residence in a place or
abode; love of home and country.

INHABITED
In*hab"it*ed, a.

Defn: Uninhabited. [Obs.] Brathwait.

INHABITER
In*hab"it*er, n.

Defn: An inhabitant. [R.] Derham.

INHABITIVENESS
In*hab"it*ive*ness, n. (Phrenol.)

Defn: See Inhabitativeness.
What the phrenologists call inhabitiveness. Lowell.

INHABITRESS
In*hab"it*ress, n.

Defn: A female inhabitant. [R.]

INHALANT
In*hal"ant, a. Etym: [Cf. F. inhalant.]

Defn: Inhaling; used for inhaling.

INHALANT
In*hal"ant, n.

Defn: An apparatus also called an inhaler (which see); that which is
to be inhaled.

INHALATION
In`ha*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inhalation.]

Defn: The act of inhaling; also, that which is inhaled.

INHALE
In*hale", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inhaled; p. pr. & vb. n. Inhaling.]
Etym: [L. inhalare to breathe upon; pref. in- in + halare to breathe:
cf. F. inhaler. Cf. Exhale.]

Defn: To breathe or draw into the lungs; to inspire; as, to inhale
air; -- opposed to exhale.
Martin was walking forth to inhale the fresh breeze of the evening.
Arbuthnot.

INHALENT
In*hal"ent, a.

Defn: Used for inhaling; as, the inhalent end of a duct. Dana.

INHALER
In*hal"er, n.

1. One who inhales.

2. An apparatus for inhaling any vapor or volatile substance, as
ether or chloroform, for medicinal purposes.

3. A contrivance to filter, as air, in order to protect the lungs
from inhaling damp or cold air, noxious gases, dust, etc.; also, the
respiratory apparatus for divers.

INHANCE
In*hance", v. t.

Defn: See Enhance.

INHARMONIC; INHARMONICAL
In`har*mon"ic, In`har*mon"ic*al, a.

Defn: Not harmonic; inharmonious; discordant; dissonant.

INHARMONIOUS
In`har*mo"ni*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + harmonious: cf. F.
inharmonieux.]

1. Not harmonious; unmusical; discordant; dissonant.
Sounds inharmonious in themselves and harsh. Cowper.

2. Conflicting; jarring; not in harmony.

INHARMONIOUSLY
In`har*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Without harmony.

INHARMONIOUSNESS
In`har*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being inharmonious; want of harmony; discord.
The inharmoniousness of a verse. A. Tucker.

INHARMONY
In*har"mo*ny, n.

Defn: Want of harmony.

INHAUL; INHAULER
In"haul`, In"haul`er, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope used to draw in the jib boom, or flying jib boom.

INHEARSE
In*hearse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inhearsed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inhearsing.]

Defn: To put in, or as in, a hearse or coffin. Shak.

INHERE
In*here", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inhered; p. pr. & vb. n. Inhering.]
Etym: [L. inhaerere; pref. in- in + haerere to stick, hang. See
Hesitate.]

Defn: To be inherent; to stick (in); to be fixed or permanently
incorporated with something; to cleave (to); to belong, as attributes
or qualities.
They do but inhere in the subject that supports them. Digby.

INHERENCE; INHERENCY
In*her"ence, In*her"en*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inhérence.]

Defn: The state of inhering; permanent existence in something;
innateness; inseparable and essential connection. Jer. Taylor.

INHERENT
In*her"ent, a. Etym: [L. inhaerens, -entis, p. pr. of inhaerere: cf.
F. inhérent. See Inhere.]

Defn: Permanently existing in something; inseparably attached or
connected; naturally pertaining to; innate; inalienable; as, polarity
is an inherent quality of the magnet; the inherent right of men to
life, liberty, and protection. "A most inherent baseness." Shak.
The sore disease which seems inherent in civilization. Southey.

Syn.
 -- Innate; inborn; native; natural; inbred; inwrought; inseparable;
essential; indispensable.

INHERENTLY
In*her"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: By inherence; inseparably.
Matter hath inherently and essentially such an internal energy.
Bentley.

INHERIT
In*her"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inherited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inheriting.] Etym: [OE. enheriten to inherit, to give a heritage to,
OF. enheriter to appoint as an heir, L. inhereditare; pref. in- in +
hereditare to inherit, fr. heres heir. See Heir.]

1. (Law)

Defn: To take by descent from an ancestor; to take by inheritance; to
take as heir on the death of an ancestor or other person to whose
estate one succeeds; to receive as a right or title descendible by
law from an ancestor at his decease; as, the heir inherits the land
or real estate of his father; the eldest son of a nobleman inherits
his father's title; the eldest son of a king inherits the crown.

2. To receive or take by birth; to have by nature; to derive or
acquire from ancestors, as mental or physical qualities; as, he
inherits a strong constitution, a tendency to disease, etc.
Prince Harry is valiant; for the cold blood he did naturally inherit
of his father he hath . . . manured . . . with good store of fertile
sherris. Shak.

3. To come into possession of; to possess; to own; to enjoy as a
possession.
But the meek shall inherit the earth. Ps. xxxvii. 11.
To bury so much gold under a tree, And never after to inherit it.
Shak.

4. To put in possession of. [R.] Shak.

INHERIT
In*her"it, v. i.

Defn: To take or hold a possession, property, estate, or rights by
inheritance.
Thou shalt not inherit our father's house. Judg. xi. 2.

INHERITABILITY
In*her`it*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being inheritable or descendible to heirs.
Jefferson.

INHERITABLE
In*her"it*a*ble, a.

1. Capable of being inherited; transmissible or descendible; as, an
inheritable estate or title. Blackstone.

2. Capable of being transmitted from parent to child; as, inheritable
qualities or infirmities.

3. Etym: [Cf. OF. enheritable, inheritable.]

Defn: Capable of taking by inheritance, or of receiving by descent;
capable of succeeding to, as an heir.
By attainder . . . the blood of the person attainted is so corrupted
as to be rendered no longer inheritable. Blackstone.
The eldest daughter of the king is also alone inheritable to the
crown on failure of issue male. Blackstone.
Inheritable blood, blood or relationship by which a person becomes
qualified to be an heir, or to transmit possessions by inheritance.

INHERITABLY
In*her"it*a*bly, adv.

Defn: By inheritance. Sherwood.

INHERITANCE
In*her"it*ance, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. enheritance.]

1. The act or state of inheriting; as, the inheritance of an estate;
the inheritance of mental or physical qualities.

2. That which is or may be inherited; that which is derived by an
heir from an ancestor or other person; a heritage; a possession which
passes by descent.
When the man dies, let the inheritance Descend unto the daughter.
Shak.

3. A permanent or valuable possession or blessing, esp. one received
by gift or without purchase; a benefaction.
To an inheritance incorruptible, and undefiled, and that fadeth not
away. 1 Pet. i. 4.

4. Possession; ownership; acquisition. "The inheritance of their
loves." Shak.
To you th' inheritance belongs by right Of brother's praise; to you
eke Spenser.

5. (Biol.)

Defn: Transmission and reception by animal or plant generation.

6. (Law)

Defn: A perpetual or continuing right which a man and his heirs have
to an estate; an estate which a man has by descent as heir to
another, or which he may transmit to another as his heir; an estate
derived from an ancestor to an heir in course of law. Blackstone.

Note: The word inheritance (used simply) is mostly confined to the
title to land and tenements by a descent. Mozley & W.
Men are not proprietors of what they have, merely for themselves;
their children have a title to part of it which comes to be wholly
theirs when death has put an end to their parents' use of it; and
this we call inheritance. Locke.

INHERITOR
In*her"it*or, n.

Defn: One who inherits; an heir.
Born inheritors of the dignity. Milton.

INHERITRESS
In*her"it*ress, n.

Defn: A heiress. Milman.

INHERITRIX
In*her"it*rix, n.

Defn: Same as Inheritress. Shak.

INHERSE
In*herse", v. t. [Obs.]

Defn: See Inhearse.

INHESION
In*he"sion, n. Etym: [L. inhaesio. See Inhere.]

Defn: The state of existing, of being inherent, in something;
inherence. A. Baxter.
Constant inhesion and habitual abode. South.

INHIATION
In`hi*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. inhiatio, fr. inhiare to gape; pref. in- +
hiare to gape.]

Defn: A gaping after; eager desire; craving. [R.] Bp. Hall.

INHIBIT
In*hib"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inhibited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inhibiting.] Etym: [L. inhibitus, p. p. of inhibere; pref. in- in +
habere to have, hold. See Habit.]

1. To check; to hold back; to restrain; to hinder.
Their motions also are excited or inhibited . . . by the objects
without them. Bentley.

2. To forbid; to prohibit; to interdict.
All men were inhibited, by proclamation, at the dissolution, so much
as to mention a Parliament. Clarendon.
Burial may not be inhibited or denied to any one. Ayliffe.

INHIBITION
In`hi*bi"tion, n. Etym: [L. inhibitio: cf. F. inhibition.]

1. The act of inhibiting, or the state of being inhibited; restraint;
prohibition; embargo.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: A stopping or checking of an already present action; a
restraining of the function of an organ, or an agent, as a digestive
fluid or ferment, etc.; as, the inhibition of the respiratory center
by the pneumogastric nerve; the inhibition of reflexes, etc.

3. (Law)

Defn: A writ from a higher court forbidding an inferior judge from
further proceedings in a cause before; esp., a writ issuing from a
higher ecclesiastical court to an inferior one, on appeal. Cowell.

INHIBITOR
In*hib"i*tor, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: That which causes inhibitory action; esp., an inhibitory nerve.

INHIBITORY
In*hib"i*to*ry, a. Etym: [LL. inhibitorius: cf. F. inhibitoire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or producing, inhibition; consisting in
inhibition; tending or serving to inhibit; as, the inhibitory action
of the pneumogastric on the respiratory center.
I would not have you consider these criticisms as inhibitory. Lamb.
Inhibitory nerves (Physiol.), those nerves which modify, inhibit, or
suppress a motor or secretory act already in progress.

INHIBITORY-MOTOR
In*hib"i*to*ry-mo"tor, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: A term applied to certain nerve centers which govern or
restrain subsidiary centers, from which motor impressions issue.
McKendrick.

INHIVE
In*hive", v. t.

Defn: To place in a hive; to hive.

INHOLD
In*hold", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inheld; p. pr. & vb. n. Inholding.]

Defn: To have inherent; to contain in itself; to possess. [Obs.] Sir
W. Raleigh.

INHOLDER
In*hold"er, n.

Defn: An inhabitant. [Obs.] Spenser.

INHOOP
In*hoop", v. t.

Defn: To inclose in a hoop, or as in a hoop. [R.] Shak.

INHOSPITABLE
In*hos"pi*ta*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + hospitable: cf. L.
inhospitalis.]

1. Not hospitable; not disposed to show hospitality to strangers or
guests; as, an inhospitable person or people.
Have you no touch of pity, that the poor Stand starved at your
inhospitable door Cowper.

2. Affording no shelter or sustenance; barren; desert; bleak;
cheerless; wild. "Inhospitable wastes." Blair.
 -- In*hos"pi*ta*ble*mess, n.
 -- In*hos"pi*ta*bly, adv.

INHOSPITALITY
In*hos`pi*tal"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. inhospitalitas: cf. F.
inhospitalité. See In- not, and Hospitality.]

Defn: The quality or state of being inhospitable; inhospitableness;
lack of hospitality. Bp. Hall.

INHUMAN
In*hu"man, a. Etym: [L. inhumanus: cf. F. inhumain. See In- not, and
Human.]

1. Destitute of the kindness and tenderness that belong to a human
being; cruel; barbarous; savage; unfeeling; as, an inhuman person or
people.

2. Characterized by, or attended with, cruelty; as, an inhuman act or
punishment.

Syn.
 -- Cruel; unfeeling; pitiless; merciless; savage; barbarous; brutal;
ferocious; ruthless; fiendish.

INHUMANITY
In`hu*man"i*ty, n.; pl. Inhumanities. Etym: [L. inhumanitas: cf. F.
inhumanité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being inhuman; cruelty; barbarity.
Man's inhumanity to man Makes countless thousands mourn. Burns.

INHUMANLY
In*hu"man*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inhuman manner; cruelly; barbarously.

INHUMATE
In*hu"mate, v. t. Etym: [L. inhumatus, p. p. of inhumare to inhume;
pref. in- in + humare to cover with earth. See Humation, and cf.
Inhume.]

Defn: To inhume; to bury; to inter. Hedge.

INHUMATION
In`hu*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inhumation.]

1. The act of inhuming or burying; interment.

2. (Old Chem.)

Defn: The act of burying vessels in warm earth in order to expose
their contents to a steady moderate heat; the state of being thus
exposed.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Arenation.

INHUME
In*hume", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inhumed; p. pr. & vb. n. Inhuming.]
Etym: [Cf. F. inhumer. See Inhumate.]

1. To deposit, as a dead body, in the earth; to bury; to inter.
Weeping they bear the mangled heaps of slain, Inhume the natives in
their native plain. Pope.

2. To bury or place in warm earth for chemical or medicinal purposes.

INIA
In"i*a, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American freshwater dolphin (Inia Boliviensis). It is
ten or twelve feet long, and has a hairy snout.

INIAL
In"i*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the inion.

INIMAGINABLE
In`im*ag"i*na*ble, a.

Defn: Unimaginable; inconceivable. [R.] Bp. Pearson.

INIMICAL
In*im"i*cal, a. Etym: [L. inimicalis, fr. inimicus unfriendly,
hostile; pref. in- not + amicus friendly. See Amity.]

1. Having the disposition or temper of an enemy; unfriendly;
unfavorable; -- chiefly applied to private, as hostile is to public,
enmity.

2. Opposed in tendency, influence, or effects; antagonistic;
inconsistent; incompatible; adverse; repugnant.
We are at war with a system, which, by its essence, is inimical to
all other governments. Burke.

INIMICALITY
In*im`i*cal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being inimical or hostile; hostility;
unfriendliness. [R.]

INIMICALLY
In*im"i*cal*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inimical manner.

INIMICITIOUS
In*im`i*ci"tious, a. Etym: [L. inimicitia enmity. See Inimical.]

Defn: Inimical; unfriendly. [R.] Sterne.

INIMICOUS
In*im"i*cous, a. Etym: [L. inimicus.]

Defn: Inimical; hurtful. [Obs.] Evelyn.

INIMITABILITY
In*im`i*ta*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being inimitable; inimitableness.
Norris.

INIMITABLE
In*im"i*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. inimitabilis: cf. F. inimitable. See In-
not, and Imitable.]

Defn: Not capable of being imitated, copied, or counterfeited; beyond
imitation; surpassingly excellent; matchless; unrivaled; exceptional;
unique; as, an inimitable style; inimitable eloquence. "Inimitable
force." Dryden.
Performing such inimitable feats. Cowper.
-- In*im"i*ta*ble*ness, n.
 -- In*im"i*ta*bly, adv.

INION
In"i*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. 'ini`on the back of the head.]
(Anat.)

Defn: The external occipital protuberance of the skull.

INIQUITOUS
In*iq"ui*tous, a. Etym: [From Iniquity.]

Defn: Characterized by iniquity; unjust; wicked; as, an iniquitous
bargain; an iniquitous proceeding.
Demagogues . . . bribed to this iniquitous service. Burke.

Syn.
 -- Wicked; wrong; unjust; unrighteous; nefarious; criminal.
 -- Iniquitous, Wicked, Nefarious. Wicked is the generic term.
Iniquitous is stronger, denoting a violation of the rights of others,
usually by fraud or circumvention. Nefarious is still stronger,
implying a breach of the most sacred obligations, and points more
directly to the intrinsic badness of the deed.

INIQUITOUSLY
In*iq"ui*tous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an iniquitous manner; unjustly; wickedly.

INIQUITY
In*iq"ui*ty, n.; pl. Iniquities. Etym: [OE. iniquitee, F. iniquité,
L. iniquitas, inequality, unfairness, injustice. See Iniquous.]

1. Absence of, or deviation from, just dealing; want of rectitude or
uprightness; gross injustice; unrighteousness; wickedness; as, the
iniquity of bribery; the iniquity of an unjust judge.
Till the world from his perfection fell Into all filth and foul
iniquity. Spenser.

2. An iniquitous act or thing; a deed of injustice o Milton.
Your iniquities have separated between you and your God. Is. lix. 2.

3. A character or personification in the old English moralities, or
moral dramas, having the name sometimes of one vice and sometimes of
another. See Vice.
Acts old Iniquity, and in the fit Of miming gets the opinion of a
wit. B. Jonson.

INIQUOUS
In*i"quous, a. Etym: [L. iniquus; pref. in- not + aequus. See Equal.]

Defn: Iniquitous. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

INIRRITABLE
In*ir"ri*ta*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + irritable: cf. F.
inirritable.]

Defn: Not irritable; esp. (Physiol.), incapable of being stimulated
to action, as a muscle.
 -- In*ir`ri*ta*bil"i*ty, n.

INIRRITATIVE
In*ir"ri*ta*tive, a.

Defn: Not accompanied with excitement; as, an inirritative fever. E.
Darwin.

INISLE
In*isle", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Enisled.]

Defn: To form into an island; to surround. [Obs.] Drayton.

INITIAL
In*i"tial, a. Etym: [L. initialis, from initium a going in, entrance,
beginning, fr. inire to go into, to enter, begin; pref. in- in + ire
to go: cf. F. initial. See Issue, and cf. Commence.]

1. Of or pertaining to the beginning; marking the commencement;
incipient; commencing; as, the initial symptoms of a disease.

2. Placed at the beginning; standing at the head, as of a list or
series; as, the initial letters of a name.

INITIAL
In*i"tial, n.

Defn: The first letter of a word or a name.

INITIAL
In*i"tial, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Initialed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Initialing.]

Defn: To put an initial to; to mark with an initial of initials. [R.]

INITIALLY
In*i"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In an initial or incipient manner or degree; at the beginning.
Barrow.

INITIATE
In*i"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Initiated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Initiating.] Etym: [L. initiatus, p. p. of initiare to begin, fr.
initium beginning. See Initial.]

1. To introduce by a first act; to make a beginning with; to set
afoot; to originate; to commence; to begin or enter upon.
How are changes of this sort to be initiated I. Taylor.

2. To acquaint with the beginnings; to instruct in the rudiments or
principles; to introduce.
Providence would only initiate mankind into the useful knowledge of
her treasures, leaving the rest to employ our industry. Dr. H. More.
To initiate his pupil into any part of learning, an ordinary skill in
the governor is enough. Locke.

3. To introduce into a society or organization; to confer membership
on; especially, to admit to a secret order with mysterious rites or
ceremonies.
The Athenians believed that he who was initiated and instructed in
the mysteries would obtain celestial honor after death. Bp.
Warburton.
He was initiated into half a dozen clubs before he was one and
twenty. Spectator.

INITIATE
In*i"ti*ate, v. i.

Defn: To do the first act; to perform the first rite; to take the
initiative. [R.] Pope.

INITIATE
In*i"ti*ate, a. Etym: [L. initiatus, p. p.]

1. Unpracticed; untried; new. [Obs.] "The initiate fear that wants
hard use." Shak.

2. Begun; commenced; introduced to, or instructed in, the rudiments;
newly admitted.
To rise in science as in bliss, Initiate in the secrets of the skies.
Young.
Initiate tenant by courtesy (Law), said of a husband who becomes such
in his wife's estate of inheritance by the birth of a child, but
whose estate is not consummated till the death of the wife. Mozley &
W.

INITIATE
In*i"ti*ate, n.

Defn: One who is, or is to be, initiated.

INITIATION
In*i`ti*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. initiatio: cf. F. initiation.]

1. The act of initiating, or the process of being initiated or
introduced; as, initiation into a society, into business, literature,
etc. "The initiation of coursers of events." Pope.

2. The form or ceremony by which a person is introduced into any
society; mode of entrance into an organized body; especially, the
rite of admission into a secret society or order.
Silence is the first thing that is taught us at our initiation into
sacred mysteries. Broome.

INITIATIVE
In*i"ti*a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. initiatif.]

Defn: Serving to initiate; inceptive; initiatory; introductory;
preliminary.

INITIATIVE
In*i"ti*a*tive, n. Etym: [Cf. F. initiative.]

1. An introductory step or movement; an act which originates or
begins.
The undeveloped initiatives of good things to come. I. Taylor.

2. The right or power to introduce a new measure or course of action,
as in legislation; as, the initiative in respect to revenue bills is
in the House of Representatives.

INITIATOR
In*i"ti*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who initiates.

INITIATORY
In*i"ti*a*to*ry, a.

1. Suitable for an introduction or beginning; introductory;
prefatory; as, an initiatory step. Bp. Hall.

2. Tending or serving to initiate; introducing by instruction, or by
the use and application of symbols or ceremonies; elementary;
rudimentary.
Some initiatory treatises in the law. Herbert.
Two initiatory rites of the same general import can not exist
together. J. M. Mason.

INITIATORY
In*i"ti*a*to*ry, n.

Defn: An introductory act or rite. [R.]

INITION
In*i"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. inition. See Initial.]

Defn: Initiation; beginning. [Obs.] Sir R. Naunton.

INJECT
In*ject", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Injected; p. pr. & vb. n. Injecting.]
Etym: [L. injectus, p. p. of inicere, injicere, to throw in; pref.
in- in + jacere to throw: cf. F. injecter. See Jet a shooting forth.]

1. To throw in; to dart in; to force in; as, to inject cold water
into a condenser; to inject a medicinal liquid into a cavity of the
body; to inject morphine with a hypodermic syringe.

2. Fig.: To throw; to offer; to propose; to instill.
Cæsar also, then hatching tyranny, injected the same scrupulous
demurs. Milton.

3. To cast or throw; -- with on. [R.]
And mound inject on mound. Pope.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: To fill (a vessel, cavity, or tissue) with a fluid or other
substance; as, to inject the blood vessels.

INJECTION
In*jec"tion, n. Etym: [L. injectio : cf.F. injection.]

1. The act of injecting or throwing in; -- applied particularly to
the forcible throwing in of a liquid, or aëriform body, by means of a
syringe, pump, etc.

2. That which is injected; especially, a liquid medicine thrown into
a cavity of the body by a syringe or pipe; a clyster; an enema.
Mayne.

3. (Anat.)
(a) The act or process of filling vessels, cavities, or tissues with
a fluid or other substance.
(b) A specimen prepared by injection.

4. (Steam Eng.)
(a) The act of throwing cold water into a condenser to produce a
vacuum.
(b) The cold water thrown into a condenser. Injection cock, or
Injection valve (Steam Eng.), the cock or valve through which cold
water is admitted into a condenser.
 -- Injection condenser. See under Condenser.
 -- Injection pipe, the pipe through which cold water is through into
the condenser of a steam engine.

INJECTOR
In*ject"or, n.

1. One who, or that which, injects.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A contrivance for forcing feed water into a steam boiler by the
direct action of the steam upon the water. The water is driven into
the boiler by the impulse of a jet of the steam which becomes
condensed as soon as it strikes the stream of cold water it impels; -
- also called Giffard's injector, from the inventor.

INJELLY
In*jel"ly, v. t.

Defn: To place in jelly. [R.]

INJOIN
In*join", v. t. Etym: [Obs.]

Defn: See Enjoin.

INJOINT
In*joint, v. t. Etym: [Pref. in- in + joint.]

Defn: To join; to unite. [R.] Shak.

INJOINT
In*joint, v. t. Etym: [Pref. in- in + joint.]

Defn: To disjoint; to separate. [Obs.] Holland.

INJUCUNDITY
In`ju*cun"di*ty, n. Etym: [L. injucunditas. See In- not, and Jocund.]

Defn: Unpleassantness; disagreeableness. [Obs.] Cockeram.

INJUDICABLE
In*ju"di*ca*ble, a.

Defn: Not cognizable by a judge. [Obs.] Bailey.

INJUDICIAL
In`ju*di"cial, a.

Defn: Not according to the forms of law; not judicial. [R.]

INJUDICIOUS
In`ju*di"cious, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + judicious; cf. F.
injudicieux.]

1. Not judicious; wanting in sound judgment; undiscerning;
indiscreet; unwise; as, an injudicious adviser.
An injudicious biographer who undertook to be his editor and the
protector of his memory. A. Murphy.

2. Not according to sound judgment or discretion; unwise; as, an
injudicious measure.

Syn.
 -- Indiscreet; inconsiderate; undiscerning; incautious; unwise;
rash; hasty; imprudent.

INJUDICIOUSLY
In`ju*di"cious*ly, adv.

Defn: In an injudicious manner.

INJUDICIOUSNESS
In`ju*di"cious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being injudicious; want of sound judgment;
indiscretion. Whitlock.

INJUNCTION
In*junc"tion, n. Etym: [L. injunctio, fr. injungere, injunctum, to
join into, to enjoin. See Enjoin.]

1. The act of enjoining; the act of directing, commanding, or
prohibiting.

2. That which is enjoined; an order; a mandate; a decree; a command;
a precept; a direction.
For still they knew,and ought to have still remembered, The high
injunction,not to taste that fruit. Milton.
Necessary as the injunctions of lawful authority. South.

3. (Law)

Defn: A writ or process, granted by a court of equity, and, insome
cases, under statutes, by a court of law,whereby a party is required
to do or to refrain from doing certain acts, according to the
exigency of the writ.

Note: It is more generally used as a preventive than as a restorative
process, although by no means confined to the former. Wharton.
Daniell. Story.

INJURE
In"jure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Injured; p. pr. & vb. n. Injuring.]
Etym: [L. injuriari, fr. injuria injury, perh. through F. injurier to
insult, in OF. also, to injure; or perhaps fr. E. injury, or F.
injure injury. See Injury.]

Defn: To do harm to; to impair the excellence and value of; to hurt;
to damage; -- used in a variety of senses; as: (a) To hurt or wound,
as the person; to impair soundness, as of health. (b) To damage or
lessen the value of, as goods or estate. (c) To slander, tarnish, or
impair, as reputation or character. (d) To impair or diminish, as
happiness or virtue. (e) To give pain to, as the sensibilities or the
feelings; to grieve; to annoy. (f) To impair, as the intellect or
mind.
When have I injured thee when done thee wrong Shak.

Syn.
 -- To damage; mar; spoil; harm; sully; wrong; maltreat; abuse;
insult; affront; dishonor.

INJURER
In"jur*er, n.

Defn: One who injures or wrongs.

INJURIA
In*ju"ri*a, n.; pl. Injurie. Etym: [L.] (Law)

Defn: Injury; invasion of another's rights.

INJURIOUS
In*ju"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. injuriousus, injurius; cf. F. injurieux.
See Injury.]

1. Not just; wrongful; iniquitous; culpable. [Obs.] Milton.
Till the injurious Roman did extort This tribute from us, we were
free. Shak.

2. Causing injury or harm; hurtful; harmful; detrimental;
mischievous; as, acts injurious to health, credit, reputation,
property, etc.
Without being injurious to the memory of our English Pindar. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Harmful; hurtful; pernicious; mischievous; baneful; deleterious;
noxious; ruinous; detrimental.

INJURIOUSLY
In*ju"ri*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an injurious or hurtful manner; wrongfully; hurtfully;
mischievously.

INJURIOUSNESS
In*ju"ri*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being injurious or hurtful; harmfulness; injury.

INJURY
In"ju*ry, n.; pl. Injuries. Etym: [OE. injurie, L. injuria, fr.
injurius injurious, wrongful, unjust; pref. in- not + jus,juris,
right,law,justice: cf. F. injure. See Just, a.]

Defn: Any damage or violation of, the person, character, feelings,
rights, property, or interests of an individual; that which injures,
or occasions wrong, loss, damage, or detriment; harm; hurt; loss;
mischief; wrong; evil; as, his health was impaired by a severe
injury; slander is an injury to the character.
For he that doeth injury shall receve that he did evil. Wyclif(Col.
iii. 25).
Many times we do injury to a cause by dwelling on trifling arguments.
I. Watts.
Riot ascends above their loftiest towers, And injury and outrage.
Milton.

Note: Injury in morals and jurisprudence is the intentional doing of
wrong. Fleming.

Syn.
 -- Harm; hurt; damage; loss; impairment; detriment; wrong; evil;
injustice.

INJUSTICE
In*jus"tice, n. Etym: [F. injustice, L. injustitia. See In- not, and
Justice, and cf. Unjust.]

1. Want of justice and equity; violation of the rights of another or
others; iniquity; wrong; unfairness; imposition.
If this people [the Athenians] resembled Nero in their extravagance,
much more did they resemble and even exceed him in cruelty and
injustice. Burke.

2. An unjust act or deed; a sin; a crime; a wrong.
Cunning men can be guilty of a thousand injustices without being
discovered, or at least without being punished. Swift.

INK
Ink, n. (Mach.)

Defn: The step, or socket, in which the lower end of a millstone
spindle runs.

INK
Ink, n. Etym: [OE. enke, inke, OF. enque, F. encre, L. encaustum the
purple red ink with which the Roman emperors signed their edicts, Gr.
Encaustic, Caustic.]

1. A fluid, or a viscous material or preparation of various kinds
(commonly black or colored), used in writing or printing.
Make there a prick with ink. Chaucer.
Deformed monsters, foul and black as ink. Spenser.

2. A pigment. See India ink, under India.

Note: Ordinarily, black ink is made from nutgalls and a solution of
some salt of iron, and consists essentially of a tannate or gallate
of iron; sometimes indigo sulphate, or other coloring matter,is
added. Other black inks contain potassium chromate, and extract of
logwood, salts of vanadium, etc. Blue ink is usually a solution of
Prussian blue. Red ink was formerly made from carmine (cochineal),
Brazil wood, etc., but potassium eosin is now used. Also red, blue,
violet, and yellow inks are largely made from aniline dyes. Indelible
ink is usually a weak solution of silver nitrate, but carbon in the
form of lampblack or India ink, salts of molybdenum, vanadium, etc.,
are also used. Sympathetic inks may be made of milk, salts of cobalt,
etc. See Sympathetic ink (below). Copying ink, a peculiar ink used
for writings of which copies by impression are to be taken.
 -- Ink bag (Zoöl.), an ink sac.
 -- Ink berry. (Bot.) (a) A shrub of the Holly family (Ilex glabra),
found in sandy grounds along the coast from New England to Florida,
and producing a small black berry. (b) The West Indian indigo berry.
See Indigo.
 -- Ink plant (Bot.), a New Zealand shrub (Coriaria thumifolia), the
berries of which uield a juice which forms an ink.
 -- Ink powder, a powder from which ink is made by solution.
 -- Ink sac (Zoöl.), an organ, found in most cephalopods, containing
an inky fluid which can be ejected from a duct opening at the base of
the siphon. The fluid serves to cloud the water, and enable these
animals to escape from their enemies. See Illust. of Dibranchiata.
 -- Printer's ink, or Printing ink. See under Printing.
 -- Sympathetic ink, a writing fluid of such a nature that what is
written remains invisible till the action of a reagent on the
characters makes it visible.

INK
Ink, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inked (nkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Inking.]

Defn: To put ink upon; to supply with ink; to blacken, color, or daub
with ink.

INKER
Ink"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, inks; especially, in printing, the pad
or roller which inks the type.

INKFISH
Ink"fish`, n.

Defn: A cuttlefish. See Cuttlefish.

INKHORN
Ink"horn`, n. Etym: [Ink + horn; cf. F. cornet à encre, G.
dintenhorn.]

Defn: A small bottle of horn or other material formerly used for
holding ink; an inkstand; a portable case for writing materials.
"With a writer's inkhorn by his side." Ezek. ix. 2.
From his pocket the notary drew his papers and inkhorn. Longfellow.

INKHORN
Ink"horn", a.

Defn: Learned; pedantic; affected. [Obs.] "Inkhorn terms." Bale.

INKHORNISM
Ink"horn`ism, n.

Defn: Pedantry. Sir T. Wilson.

INKINESS
Ink"i*ness, n. Etym: [From Inky.]

Defn: The state or quality of being inky; blackness.

INKING
Ink"ing, a.

Defn: Supplying or covering with ink. Inking roller, a somewhat
elastic roller,used to spread ink over forms of type, copperplates,
etc.
 -- Inking trough or table, a trough or table from which the inking
roller receives its ink.

INKLE
In"kle, n. Etym: [Prob.the same word as lingle, the first l being
mistaken for the definite article in French. See Lingle.]

Defn: A kind of tape or braid. Shak.

INKLE
In"kle, v. t. Etym: [OE. inklen to hint; cf. Dan. ymte to whisper.]

Defn: To guess. [Prov. Eng.] "She inkled what it was." R. D.
Blackmore.

INKLING
In"kling, n.

Defn: A hint; an intimation.
The least inkling or glimpse of this island. Bacon.
They had some inkling of secret messages. Clarendon.

INKNEE
In"knee`, n.

Defn: Same as Knock-knee.

INKNEED
In"kneed`, a.

Defn: See Knock-kneed.

INKNOT
In*knot", v. t.

Defn: To fasten or bind, as with a knot; to knot together. Fuller.

INKSTAND
Ink"stand`, n.

Defn: A small vessel for holding ink, to dip the pen into; also, a
device for holding ink and writing materials.

INKSTONE
Ink"stone", n.

Defn: A kind of stone containing native vitriol or subphate of iron,
used in making ink.

INKY
Ink"y, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or resembling, ink; soiled with ink; black.
"Inky blots." Shak. "Its inky blackness." Boyle.

INLACE
In*lace", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inlaced; p. pr. & vb. n. Inlacing.]
Etym: [Pref. in- + lace: cf. OE. enlacen to entangle, involve, OF.
enlacier, F. enlacer. See Lace, and cf. Enlace.]

Defn: To work in, as lace; to embellish with work resembling lace;
also, to lace or enlace. P. Fletcher.

INLAGATION
In"la*ga"tion, n. Etym: [Law L. inlagatio, fr. inlagare to restore to
law. See In, and Law.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: The restitution of an outlawed person to the protection of the
law; inlawing. Bouvier.

INLAID
In*laid", p. p.

Defn: of Inlay.

INLAND
In"land, a.

1. Within the land; more or less remote from the ocean or from open
water; interior; as, an inland town. "This wide inland sea." Spenser.
From inland regions to the distant main. Cowper.

2. Limited to the land, or to inland routes; within the seashore
boundary; not passing on, or over, the sea; as, inland
transportation, commerce, navigation, etc.

3. Confined to a country or state; domestic; not foreing; as, an
inland bill of exchange. See Exchange.

INLAND
In"land, n.

Defn: The interior part of a country. Shak.

INLAND
In"land, adv.

Defn: Into, or towards, the interior, away from the coast. Cook.
The greatest waves of population have rolled inland from the east. S.
Turner.

INLANDER
In"land*er, n.

Defn: One who lives in the interior of a country, or at a distance
from the sea. Sir T. Browne.

INLANDISH
In"land*ish, a.

Defn: Inland. [Obs.] T. Reeve(1657)

INLAPIDATE
In*lap"i*date, v. t. Etym: [Pref. in- in + L. lapis, lapidis, stone.]

Defn: To convert into a stony substance; to petrity. [R.] Bacon.

INLARD
In*lard", v. t.

Defn: See Inlard.

INLAW
In*law", v. t. Etym: [In + law. Cf. Inlagation.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: To clear of outlawry or attainder; to place under the
protection of the law. Burrill.

INLAY
In*lay", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inlaied; p. pr. & vb. n. Inlaying.]

Defn: To lay within; hence, to insert, as pieces of pearl, iviry,
choice woods, or the like, in a groundwork of some other material; to
form an ornamental surface; to diversify or adorn with insertions.
Look,how the floor of heaven Is thick inlaid with patines of bright
gold. Shak.
But these things are . . . borrowed by the monks to inlay their
story. Milton.

INLAY
In"lay`, n.

Defn: Matter or pieces of wood, ivory, etc., inlaid, or prepared for
inlaying; that which is inserted or inlaid for ornament or variety.
Crocus and hyacinth with rich inlay Broidered the ground. Milton.
The sloping of the moonlit sward Was damask work, and deep inlay Of
braided blooms. Tennyson.

INLAYER
In*lay"er, n.

Defn: One who inlays, or whose occupation it is to inlay.

INLEAGUE
In*league", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inleagued; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inleaguing.]

Defn: To ally, or form an alliance witgh; to unite; to combine.
With a willingness inleague our blood With his, for purchase of full
growth in friendship. Ford.

INLEAGUER
In*lea"guer, v. t.

Defn: To beleaguer. Holland.

INLET
In"let, n.

1. A passage by which an inclosed place may be entered; a place of
ingress; entrance.
Doors and windows,inlets of men and of light. Sir H. Wotton.

2. A bay or recess,as in the shore of a sea, lake, or large river; a
narrow strip of water running into the land or between islands.

3. That which is let in or inland; an inserted material.

Note: Inlet is also usewd adjectively,as in inlet pipe, inlet valve,
etc.

INLIGHTEN
In*light"en, v. t.

Defn: See Enlighten.

INLIST
In*list", v. t.

Defn: See Enlist.

INLIVE
In*live", v. t.

Defn: To animate. [R.] B. Jonson.

INLOCK
In*lock", v. t.

Defn: To lock in, or inclose.

IN LOCO
In lo"co. Etym: [L.]

Defn: In the place; in the proper or natural place.

INLUMINE
In*lu"mine, v. t. [Obs.]

Defn: See Illumine.

INLY
In"ly, a. Etym: [OE. inlich, AS. inlic. See In.]

Defn: Internal; interior; secret.
Didst thou but know the inly touch of love. Shak.

INLY
In"ly, adv.

Defn: Internally; within; in the heart. "Whereat he inly raged."
Milton.

INMACY
In"ma*cy, n. Etym: [From Inmate.]

Defn: The state of being an inmate. [R.] Craig.

INMATE
In"mate`, n. Etym: [In + mate an associate.]

Defn: One who lives in the same house or apartment with another; a
fellow lodger; esp.,one of the occupants of an asylum, hospital, or
prison; by extension, one who occupies or lodges in any place or
dwelling.
So spake the enemy of mankind, inclos'd In serpent, inmate bad.
Milton.

INMATE
In"mate`, a.

Defn: Admitted as a dweller; resident; internal. [R.] "Inmate
guests." Milton.

INMEATS
In"meats`, n.pl.

Defn: The edible viscera of animals, as the heart, liver, etc.

INMESH
In*mesh", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inmeshed; p. pr. & vb. n. Inmeshing.]

Defn: To bring within meshes, as of a net; to enmesh.

INMEW
In*mew", v. t. Etym: [Cf.Emmew, Immew.]

Defn: To inclose, as in a mew or cage. [R.] "Inmew the town below."
Beau. & Fl.

INMOST
In"most`, a. Etym: [OE. innemest, AS. innemest, a double superlative
form fr. inne within, fr. in in. The modern form is due to confusion
with most. See In, and cf. Aftermost, Foremost, Innermost.]

Defn: Deepest within; farthest from the surface or external part;
innermost.
And pierce the inmost center of the earth. Shak.
The silent, slow, consuming fires, Which on my inmost vitals prey.
Addison.

INN
Inn, n. Etym: [AS. in,inn, house, chamber, inn, from AS. in in; akin
to Icel. inni house. See In.]

1. A place of shelter; hence, dwelling; habitation; residence; abode.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
Therefore with me ye may take up your inn For this same night.
Spenser.

2. A house for the lodging and entertainment of travelers or
wayfarers; a tavern; a public house; a hotel.

Note: As distinguished from a private boarding house, an inn is a
house for the entertainment of all travelers of good conduct and
means of payment,as guests for a brief period,not as lodgers or
boarders by contract.
The miserable fare and miserable lodgment of a provincial inn. W.
Irving.

3. The town residence of a nobleman or distinguished person; as,
Leicester Inn. [Eng.]

4. One of the colleges (societies or buildings) in London, for
students of the law barristers; as, the Inns of Court; the Inns of
Chancery; Serjeants' Inns. Inns of chancery (Eng.), colleges in which
young students formerly began their law studies, now occupied chiefly
by attorneys, solicitors, etc.
 -- Inns of court (Eng.), the four societies of "students and
practicers of the law of England" which in London exercise the
exclusive right of admitting persons to practice at the bar; also,
the buildings in which the law students and barristers have their
chambers. They are the Inner Temple, the Middle Temple, Lincoln's
Inn, and Gray's Inn.

INN
Inn, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inned; p. pr. & vb. n. Inning.]

Defn: To take lodging; to lodge. [R.] Addison.

INN
Inn, v. t.

1. To house; to lodge. [Obs.]
When he had brought them into his city And inned them, everich at his
degree. Chaucer.

2. To get in; to in. See In, v. t.

INNATE
In"nate, a. Etym: [L. innatus; pref. in- in + natus born, p.p. of
nasci to be born. See Native.]

1. Inborn; native; natural; as, innate vigor; innate eloquence.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: Originating in, or derived from, the constitution of the
intellect, as opposed to acquired from experience; as, innate ideas.
See A priori, Intuitive.
There is an innate light in every man, discovering to him the first
lines of duty in the common notions of good and evil. South.
Men would not be guilty if they did not carry in their mind common
notions of morality,innate and written in divine letters. Fleming
(Origen).
If I could only show,as I hope I shall . . . how men, barely by the
use of their natural faculties, may attain to all the knowledge they
have, without the help of any innate impressions; and may arrive at
certainty without any such original notions or principles. Locke.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Joined by the base to the very tip of a filament; as, an innate
anther. Gray. Innate ideas (Metaph.), ideas, as of God, immortality,
right and wrong, supposed by some to be inherent in the mind, as a
priori principles of knowledge.

INNATE
In*nate", v. t.

Defn: To cause to exit; to call into being. [Obs.] "The first
innating cause." Marston.

INNATELY
In"nate*ly, adv.

Defn: Naturally.

INNATENESS
In"nate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being innate.

INNATIVE
In*na"tive, a.

Defn: Native. [Obs.] Chapman.

INNAVIGABLE
In*nav"i*ga*ble, a. Etym: [L. innavigabilis : cf. F. innavigable. See
In- not, and Navigable.]

Defn: Incapable of being navigated; impassable by ships or vessels.
Drygen.
 -- In*nav"i*ga*bly, adv.

INNE
Inne, adv. & prep.

Defn: In. [Obs.]
And eke in what array that they were inne. Chaucer.

INNER
In"ner, a. Etym: [AS. innera, a compar. fr. inne within, fr. in in.
See In.]

1. Further in; interior; internal; not outward; as, an spirit or its
phenomena.
This attracts the soul, Governs the inner man,the nobler part.
Milton.

3. Not obvious or easily discovered; obscure. Inner house (Scot.),
the first and second divisions of the court of Session at Edinburgh;
also,the place of their sittings.
 -- Inner jib (Naut.), a fore-and-aft sail set on a stay running from
the fore-topmast head to the jib boom.
 -- Inner plate (Arch.), the wall plate which lies nearest to the
center of the roof,in a double-plated roof.
 -- Inner post (Naut.), a piece brought on at the fore side of the
main post, to support the transoms.
 -- Inner square (Carp.), the angle formed by the inner edges of a
carpenter's square.

INNERLY
In"ner*ly, adv.

Defn: More within. [Obs.] Baret.

INNERMOST
In"ner*most`, a. Etym: [A corruption of inmost due to influence of
inner. See Inmost.]

Defn: Farthest inward; most remote from the outward part; inmost;
deepest within. Prov. xviii. 8.

INNERMOSTLY
In"ner*most`ly, adv.

Defn: In the innermost place. [R.]
His ebon cross worn innermostly. Mrs. Browning.

INNERVATE
In*ner"vate, v. t. Etym: [See Innerve.] (Anat.)

Defn: To supply with nerves; as, the heart is innervated by
pneumogastric and sympathetic branches.

INNERVATION
In`ner*va"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. innervation.]

1. The act of innerving or stimulating.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Special activity excited in any part of the nervous system or
in any organ of sense or motion; the nervous influence necessary for
the maintenance of life,and the functions of the various organs.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The distribution of nerves in an animal, or to any of its
parts.

INNERVE
In*nerve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Innerved; p. pr. & vb. n. Innerving.]
Etym: [Pref. in- in + nerve.]

Defn: To give nervous energy or power to; to give increased
energy,force,or courage to; to invigorate; to stimulate.

INNHOLDER
Inn"hold`er, n.

Defn: One who keeps an inn.

INNING
In"ning, n. Etym: [AS. innung, fr. in in, prep. & adv.]

1. Ingathering; harvesting. [Obs.] Holland.

2. The state or turn of being in; specifically, in cricket, baseball,
etc.,the turn or time of a player or of a side at the bat; -- often
in the pl. Hence: The turn or time of a person, or a party, in power;
as, the Whigs went out, and the Democrats had their innings.

3. pl.

Defn: Lands recovered from the sea. Ainsworth.

INNITENCY
In*ni"ten*cy, n. Etym: [L. inniti, p.p. innixus, to lean upon; pref.
in- in, on + niti to lean.]

Defn: A leaning; pressure; weight. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

INNIXION
In*nix"ion, n. Etym: [See Innitency.]

Defn: Act of leaning upon something; incumbency. [Obs.] Derham.

INNKEEPER
Inn"keep`er, n.

Defn: An innholder.

INNOCENCE
In"no*cence, n. Etym: [F. innocence, L. innocentia. See Innocent.]

1. The state or quality of being innocent; freedom from that which is
harmful or infurious; harmlessness.

2. The state or quality of being morally free from guilt or sin;
purity of heart; blamelessness.
The silence often of pure innocence Persuades when speaking fails.
Shak.
Banished from man's life his happiest life, Simplicity and spotless
innocence! Milton.

3. The state or quality of being not chargeable for, or guilty of, a
particular crime or offense; as, the innocence of the prisoner was
clearly shown.

4. Simplicity or plainness, bordering on weakness or silliness;
artlessness; ingenuousness. Chaucer. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Harmlessness; innocuousness; blamelessness; purity; sinlessness;
guiltlessness.

INNOCENCY
In"no*cen*cy, n.

Defn: Innocence.

INNOCENT
In"no*cent, a. Etym: [F.innocent, L. innocens, -entis; pref. in- not
+ nocens, p.pr. of nocere to harm, hurt. See Noxious.]

1. Not harmful; free from that which can injure; innoxious;
innocuous; harmless; as, an innocent medicine or remedy.
The spear Sung innocent,and spent its force in air. Pope.

2. Morally free from guilt; guiltless; not tainted with sin; pure;
upright.
To offer up a weak, poor, innocent lamb. Shak.
I have sinned in that I have betrayed the innocent blood. Matt.
xxvii. 4.
The aidless,innocent lady, his wished prey. Milton.

3. Free from the guilt of a particular crime or offense; as, a man is
innocent of the crime charged.
Innocent from the great transgression. Ps. xix. 13.

4. Simple; artless; foolish. Shak.

5. Lawful; permitted; as, an innocent trade.

6. Not contraband; not subject to forfeiture; as, innocent goods
carried to a belligerent nation. Innocent party (Law),a party who has
not notice of a fact tainting a litigated transaction with
illegality.

Syn.
 -- Harmless; innoxious; innoffensive; guiltless; spotless;
immaculate; pure; unblamable; blameless; faultless; guileless;
upright.

INNOCENT
In"no*cent, n.

1. An innocent person; one free from, or unacquainted with, guilt or
sin. Shak.

2. An unsophisticated person; hence, a child; a simpleton; an idiot.
B. Jonson.
In Scotland a natural fool was called an innocent. Sir W. Scott.
Innocents' day (Eccl.), Childermas day.

INNOCENTLY
In"no*cent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an innocent manner.

INNOCUITY
In"no*cu"i*ty, n.

Defn: Innocuousness.

INNOCUOUS
In*noc"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. innocuus; in- not + nocuus hurtful, fr.
nocere to hurt. See Innocent.]

Defn: Harmless; producing no ill effect; innocent.
A patient, innocuous, innocent man. Burton.
-- In*noc"u*ous*ly, adv.
 -- In*noc"u*ous*ness, n.
Where the salt sea innocuously breaks. Wordsworth.

INNODATE
In"no*date, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Innodated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Innodating.] Etym: [L. innodatus, p.p. of innodare; pref. in- in +
nodus knot.]

Defn: To bind up,as in a knot; to include. [Obs.] Fuller.

INNOMINABLE
In*nom"i*na*ble, a. Etym: [L. innominabilis; pref. in- not + nominare
to name: cf. F. innominable.]

Defn: Not to be named. [R.] Testament of Love.

INNOMINATE
In*nom"i*nate, a. Etym: [L. innominatus; pref. in- not + nominare to
name.]

1. Having no name; unnamed; as, an innominate person or place. [R.]
Ray.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A term used in designating many parts otherwise unnamed; as,
the innominate artery, a great branch of the arch of the aorta; the
innominate vein, a great branch of the superior vena cava. Innominate
bone (Anat.), the great bone which makes a lateral half of the pelvis
in mammals; hip bone; haunch bone; huckle bone. It is composed of
three bones, ilium, ischium, and pubis, consolidated into one in the
adult, though separate in the fetus, as also in many adult reptiles
and amphibians.
 -- Innominate contracts (Law), in the Roman law, contracts without a
specific name.

INNOVATE
In"no*vate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Innovated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Innovating.] Etym: [L. innovatus,p.p. of innovare to revew; pref. in-
in + novare to make new,fr. novus new. See New.]

1. To bring in as new; to introduce as a novelty; as, to innovate a
word or an act. [Archaic]

2. To change or alter by introducing something new; to remodel; to
revolutionize. [Archaic] Burton.
From his attempts upon the civil power, he proceeds to innovate God's
worship. South.

INNOVATE
In"no*vate, v. i.

Defn: To introduce novelties or changes; -- sometimes with in or on.
Bacon.
Every man,therefore,is not fit to innovate. Dryden.

INNOVATION
In`no*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. innovatio; cf. F. innovation.]

1. The act of innovating; introduction of something new, in customs,
rites, etc. Dryden.

2. A change effected by innovating; a change in customs; something
new, and contrary to established customs, manners, or rites. Bacon.
The love of things ancient doth argue stayedness, but levity and want
of experience maketh apt unto innovations. Hooker.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A newly formed shoot, or the annually produced addition to the
stems of many mosses.

INNOVATIONIST
In`no*va"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who favors innovation.

INNOVATIVE
In"no*va*tive, a.

Defn: Characterized by, or introducing, innovations. Fitzed. Hall.

INNOVATOR
In"no*va`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. innovateur.]

Defn: One who innovates. Shak.

INNOXIOUS
In*nox"ious, a. Etym: [L. innoxius. See In- not, and Noxious.]

1. Free from hurtful qualities or effects; harmless. "Innoxious
flames." Sir K. Digby.

2. Free from crime; pure; innocent. Pope.
 -- In*nox`ious*ly, adv.
 -- In*nox"ious*ness, n.

INNUBILOUS
In*nu"bi*lous, a. Etym: [L. innubilus. See Nubilous.]

Defn: Cloudless. [Obs.] Blount.

INNUENDO
In`nu*en"do, n.; pl. Innuedoes(. Etym: [L., by intimation, by
hinting, gerund of innuere, innutum, to give a nod, to intimate;
pref. in- in, to + -nuere (in comp.) to nod. See Nutation.]

1. An oblique hint; a remote allusion or reference, usually
derogatory to a person or thing not named; an insinuation.
Mercury . . . owns it a marriage by an innuendo. Dryden.
Pursue your trade of scandal picking; Your innuendoes, when you tell
us, That Stella loves to talk with fellows. Swift.

2. (Law)

Defn: An averment employed in pleading, to point the application of
matter otherwise unintelligible; an interpretative parenthesis thrown
into quoted matter to explain an obscure word or words; -- as, the
plaintiff avers that the defendant said that he (innuendo the
plaintiff) was a thief. Wharton.

Note: The term is so applied from having been the introductory word
of this averment or parenthetic explanation when pleadings were in
Latin. The word "meaning" is used as its equivalent in modern forms.

Syn.
 -- Insinuation; suggestion; hint; intimation; reference; allusion;
implication; representation; -- Innuendo, Insinuation. An innuendo is
an equivocal allusion so framed as to point distinctly at something
which is injurious to the character or reputation of the person
referred to. An insinuation turns on no such double use of language,
but consists in artfully winding into the mind imputations of an
injurious nature without making any direct charge.

INNUENT
In"nu*ent, a. Etym: [L.innuens, p.pr.]

Defn: Conveying a hint; significant. [Obs.] Burton.

INNUIT
In"nu*it, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: An Eskimo.

INNUMERABILITY
In*nu`mer*a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. innumerabilitas.]

Defn: State of being innumerable. Fotherby.

INNUMERABLE
In*nu`mer*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. innumerabilis : cf.F. innumefable. See
In- not, and Numerable.]

Defn: Not capable of being counted, enumerated, or numbered, for
multitude; countless; numberless; unnumbered, hence, indefinitely
numerous; of great number.
Innumerable as the stars of night. Milton.
-- In*nu"mer*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- In*nu"mer*a*bly, adv.

INNUMEROUS
In*nu"mer*ous, a. Etym: [L. innumerosus, innumerus. See Numerous.]

Defn: Innumerable. [Archaic] Milton.

INNUTRITION
In`nu*tri"tion, n.

Defn: Want of nutrition; failure of nourishment. E. Darwin.

INNUTRITIOUS
In`nu*tri"tious, a.

Defn: Not nutritious; not furnishing nourishment.

INNUTRITIVE
In*nu"tri*tive, a.

Defn: Innutritious.

INNYARD
Inn"yard`, n.

Defn: The yard adjoining an inn.

INOBEDIENCE
In`o*be"di*ence, n. Etym: [L. inoboedientia : cf.F. inobedience.]

Defn: Disobedience. [Obs.] Wyclif. Chaucer.

INOBEDIENT
In`o*be"di*ent, a. Etym: [L. inoboediens, p.pr. of inoboedire : cf.F.
inobedient. See Obedient.]

Defn: Not obedient; disobedient. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- In`o*be"di*ent*ly, adv. [Obs.]

INOBSERVABLE
In`ob*serv"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. inobservabilis : cf. F. inobservable.
See In- not, and Observable.]

Defn: Not observable.

INOBSERVANCE
In`ob*serv"ance, a. Etym: [L. inobservantia : cf. F. inobservance.]

Defn: Want or neglect of observance. Bacon.

INOBSERVANT
In`ob*serv"ant, a. Etym: [L. inobservans. See In- not, and
Observant.]

Defn: Not observant; regardless; heedless. Bp. Hurd.
 -- In`ob*serv"ant*ly, adv.

INOBSERVATION
In*ob`ser*va"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inobservation.]

Defn: Neglect or want of observation. [R.]

INOBTRUSIVE
In`ob*tru"sive, a.

Defn: Not obtrusive; unobtrusive.
 -- In`ob*tru"sive*ly, adv.
 -- In`ob*tru"sive*ness, n.

INOCARPIN
In`o*car"pin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A red, gummy, coloring matter, extracted from the colorless
juice of the Otaheite chestnut (Inocarpus edulis).

INOCCUPATION
In*oc`cu*pa"tion, n.

Defn: Want of occupation.

INOCERAMUS
In`o*cer"a*mus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of large, fossil, bivalve shells,allied to the
mussels. The genus is characteristic of the Cretaceous period.

INOCULABILITY
In*oc`u*la*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The qual ity or state of being inoculable.

INOCULABLE
In*oc"u*la*ble, a. Etym: [See Inoculate.]

Defn: Capable of being inoculated; capable of communicating disease,
or of being communicated, by inoculation.

INOCULAR
In*oc"u*lar, a. (Zoöl)

Defn: Inserted in the corner of the eye; -- said of the antenn

INOCULATE
In*oc"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inoculated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inoculating,.] Etym: [L. inoculatus, p.p. of inoculare to ingraft;
pref. in- in,on + oculare to furnish with eyes, fr. oculus an eye,
also, a bud. See Ocular.]

1. To bud; to insert, or graft, as the bud of a tree or plant in
another tree or plant.

2. To insert a foreign bud into; as, to inoculate a tree.

3. (Med.)

Defn: To communicate a disease to ( a person ) by inserting
infectious matter in the skin or flesh; as, to inoculate a person
with the virus of smallpox,rabies, etc. See Vaccinate.

4. Fig.: To introduce into the mind; -- used especially of harmful
ideas or principles; to imbue; as, to inoculate one with treason or
infidelity.

INOCULATE
In*oc"u*late, v. i.

1. To graft by inserting buds.

2. To communicate disease by inoculation.

INOCULATION
In*oc"u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. inoculatio: cf. F. inoculation.]

1. The act or art of inoculating trees or plants.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The act or practice of communicating a disease to a person in
health, by inserting contagious matter in his skin or flesh.

Note: The use was formerly limited to the intentional communication
of the smallpox, but is now extended to include any similar
introduction of modified virus; as, the inoculation of rabies by
Pasteur.

3. Fig.: The communication of principles, especially false
principles, to the mind.

INOCULATOR
In*oc"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. inoculateur.]

Defn: One who inoculates; one who propagates plants or diseases by
inoculation.

INODIATE
In*o"di*ate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. in- in + L. odium hatred.]

Defn: To make odious or hateful. [Obs.] South.

INODORATE
In*o"dor*ate, a.

Defn: Inodorous. [Obs.] Bacon.

INODOROUS
In*o"dor*ous, a. Etym: [L. inodorus. See In- not, and Odorous.]

Defn: Emitting no odor; wthout smell; scentless; odorless.
 -- In*o"dor*ous*ness, n.

INOFFENSIVE
In"of*fen"sive, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + offensiue: cf. F.
inoffensif.]

1. Giving no offense, or provocation; causing no uneasiness,
annoyance, or disturbance; as, an inoffensive man, answer,
appearance.

2. Harmless; doing no injury or mischief. Dryden.

3. Not obstructing; presenting no interruption bindrance. [R.]
Milton.
So have Iseen a river gintly glide In a smooth course, and
inoffensive tide. Addison.
-- In"of*fen"sive*ly, adv.
 -- In"of*fen"sive*ness, n.

INOFFICIAL
In"of*fi"cial, a.

Defn: Not official; not having official sanction or authoriy; not
according to the forms or ceremony of official business; as,
inofficial intelligence.
Pinckney and Marshall would not make inofficial visits to discuss
official business. Pickering.

Syn.
 -- Private; informal; unwarranted; unauthorizod; irregular;
unceremonious; unprofessional.

INOFFICIALLY
In`of*fi"cial*ly, adv.

Defn: Without the usual forms, or not in the official character.

INOFFICIOUS
In`of*fi"cious, a. Etym: [L. inofficiosus: cf. F.inofficieux. See In-
not, and Officious.]

1. Indifferent to obligation or duty. [Obs.]
Thou drown'st thyself in inofficious sleep. B. Jonson.

2. Not officious; not civil or attentive. [Obs.] Jonhson.

3. (Law)

Defn: Regardless of natural obligation; contrary to natural duty;
unkind; -- commonly said of a testament made without regard to
natural obligation, or by which a child is unjustly deprived of
inheritance. "The inofficious testament." Blackstone. "An inofficious
disposition of his fortune." Paley.

INOFFICIOUSLY
In`of*fi"cious*ly, adv.

Defn: Not-officiously.

INOGEN
In"o*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A complex nitrogenous substance, which, by Hermann's
hypothesis, is continually decomposed and reproduced in the muscles,
during their life.

INOPERATION
In*op`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. inoperari to effect; pref. in- in +
operari to operate.]

Defn: Agency; influence; production of effects. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

INOPERATIVE
In*op"er*a*tive, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + operative.]

Defn: Not operative; not active; producing no effects; as, laws
renderd inoperative by neglect; inoperative remedies or processes.

INOPERCULAR; INOPERCULATE
In`o*per"cu*lar, In`o*per"cu*late, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having no operculum; -- said of certain gastropod shells.

INOPINABLE
In`o*pin"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. inopinabilis. See Inopinate.]

Defn: Not to be expected; inconceivable. [Obs.] "Inopinable,
incredible . . . saings." Latimer.

INOPINATE
In*op"i*nate, a. Etym: [L. inopinatus. See In- not, and Opine.]

Defn: Not expected or looked for. [Obs.]

INOPPORTUNE
In*op`por*tune" (, a. Etym: [L. inopportunus: cf. F. inopportun. See
In- not, and Opportune.]

Defn: Not opportune; inconvenient; unseasonable; as, an inopportune
occurrence, remark, etc.
No visit could have been more inopportune. T. Hook.

INOPPORTUNELY
In*op`por*tune"ly, adv.

Defn: Not opportunely; unseasonably; inconveniently.

INOPPORTUNITY
In*op`por*tu"ni*ty, n.

Defn: Want of opportunity; unseasonableness; inconvenience. [R.]

INOPPRESSIVE
In`op*press"ive, a.

Defn: Not oppressive or burdensome. O. Wolcott.

INOPULENT
In*op"u*lent, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + opulent: cf. F. inopulent.]

Defn: Not opulent; not affluent or rich.

INORDINACY
In*or"di*na*cy, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being inordinate; excessiveness;
immoderateness; as, the inordinacy of love or desire. Jer. Taylor.

INORDINATE
In*or"di*nate, a. Etym: [L. inordinatus disordered. See In- not, and
Ordinate.]

Defn: Not limited to rules prescribed, or to usual bounds; irregular;
excessive; immoderate; as, an inordinate love of the world.
"Inordinate desires." Milton. "Inordinate vanity." Burke.
 -- In*or"di*nate*ly, adv.
 -- In*or"di*nate*ness, n.

INORDINATION
In*or`di*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. inordinatio.]

Defn: Deviation from custom, rule, or right; irregularity;
inordinacy. [Obs.] South.
Every inordination of religion that is not in defect, is properly
called superstition. Jer. Taylor.

INORGANIC
In`or*gan"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + organic: cf. F. inorganique.]

Defn: Not organic; without the organs necessary for life; devoid of
an organized structure; unorganized; lifeness; inanimate; as, all
chemical compounds are inorganic substances.

Note: The term inorganic is used to denote any one the large series
of substances (as minerals, metals, etc.), which are not directly
connected with vital processes, either in origin or nature, and which
are broadly and relatively contrasted with organic subscances. See
Organic. Inorganic Chemistry. See under Chemistry.

INORGANICAL
In`or*gan"ic*al, a.

Defn: Inorganic. Locke.

INORGANICALLY
In`or*gan"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inorganic manner.

INORGANITY
In`or*gan"i*ty, n.

Defn: Quality of being inorganic. [Obs.] "The inorganity of the
soul." Sir T. Browne.

INORGANIZATION
In*or`gan*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The state of being without organization.

INORGANIZED
In*or"gan*ized, a.

Defn: Not having organic structure; devoid of organs; inorganic.

INORTHOGRAPHY
In`or*thog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: Deviation from correct orthography; bad spelling. [Obs.]
Feltham.

INOSCULATE
In*os"cu*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inosculated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inosculating.] Etym: [Pref. in- in + osculate.]

1. To unite by apposition or contact, as two tubular vessels at their
extremities; to anastomose.

2. To intercommunicate; to interjoin.
The several monthly divisions of the journal may inosculate, but not
the several volumes. De Quincey.

INOSCULATE
In*os"cu*late, v. t.

1. To unite by apposition or contact, as two vessels in an animal
body. Berkeley.

2. To unite intimately; to cause to become as one.
They were still together, grew (For so they said themselves)
inosculated. Tennyson.

INOSCULATION
In*os`cu*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inosculation.]

Defn: The junction or connection of vessels, channels, or passages,
so that their contents pass from one to the other; union by mouths or
ducts; anastomosis; intercommunication; as, inosculation of veins,
etc. Ray.

INOSINIC
In`o*sin"ic, a. Etym: [From Inosite.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, inosite; as, inosinic acid.

INOSITE
In"o*site, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance with a sweet taste, found in
certain animal tissues and fluids, particularly in the muscles of the
heart and lungs, also in some plants, as in unripe pease, beans,
potato sprouts, etc. Called also phaseomannite.

Note: Chemically,it has the composition represented by the formula,
C6H12O6+H2O, and was formerly regarded as a carbohydrate, isomeric
with dextrose, but is now known to be an aromatic compound (a hexacid
phenol derivative of benzene).

INOXIDIZABLE
In*ox"idi`za*ble, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Incapable of being oxidized; as, gold and platinum are
inoxidizable in the air.

INOXIDIZE
In*ox"i*dize, v. i.

Defn: To prevent or hinder oxidation, rust, or decay; as, inoxidizing
oils or varnishes.

INPATIENT
In"pa`tient, n.

Defn: A patient who receives lodging and food, as well as treatment,
in a hospital or an infirmary; -- distinguished from outpatient.

IN POSSE
In` pos"se. Etym: [L.]

Defn: In possibility; possible, although not yet in existence or come
to pass; -- contradistinguished from in esse.

INQUARTATION
In`quar*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Quartation.

INQUEST
In"quest, n. Etym: [OE. enqueste, OF. enqueste, F. enquête, LL.
inquesta, for inquisita, fr. L. inquisitus, p.p. of inquirere. See
Inquire.]

1. Inquiry; quest; search. [R.] Spenser.
The laborious and vexatious inquest that the soul must make after
science. South.

2. (Law)
(a) Judicial inquiry; official examination, esp. before a jury; as, a
coroner's inquest in case of a sudden death.
(b) A body of men assembled under authority of law to inquire into
any matterm civil or criminal, particularly any case of violent or
sudden death; a jury, particularly a coroner's jury. The grand jury
is sometimes called the grand inquest. See under Grand.
(c) The finding of the jury upon such inquiry. Coroner's inquest, an
inquest held by a coroner to determine the cause of any violent,
sudden, or mysterious death. See Coroner.
 -- Inquest of office, an inquiry made, by authority or direction of
proper officer, into matters affecting the rights and interests of
the crown or of the state. Craig. Bouvier.

INQUIET
In*qui"et, v. t. Etym: [L. inquietare: cf. F. inquieter. See Quiet.]

Defn: To disquiet. [Obs.] Joye.

INQUIETATION
In*qui`e*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. inquietatio : cf. F. inquielation.]

Defn: Disturbance. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

INQUIETNESS
In*qui"et*ness, n.

Defn: Unquietness. [Obs.] Joye.

INQUIETUDE
In*qui"e*tude, n. Etym: [L. inquietudo: cf. F. inquietude.]

Defn: Disturbed state; uneasiness either of body or mind;
restlessness; disquietude. Sir H. Wotton.

INQUILINE
In"qui*line, n. Etym: [L. inquilinus a tenant, lodger.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gallfly which deposits its eggs in galls formed by other
insects.

INQUINATE
In"qui*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. inquinatus, p.p. of inquinare to
defile.]

Defn: To defile; to pollute; to contaminate; to befoul. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

INQUINATION
In`qui*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. inquinatio.]

Defn: A defiling; pollution; stain. [Obs.] Bacon.

INQUIRABLE
In*quir"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. enquerable.]

Defn: Capable of being inquired into; subject or liable to
inquisition or inquest. Bacon.

INQUIRANCE
In*quir"ance, n.

Defn: Inquiry. [Obs.] Latimer.

INQUIRE
In*quire", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inquired; p. pr. & vb. n. Inquiring.]
Etym: [OE. enqueren, inqueren, OF. enquerre, F. enquérir, L.
inquirere, inquisitum; pref. in- in + quarere to seek. See Quest a
seeking, and cf. Inquiry.] [Written also enquire.]

1. To ask a question; to seek for truth or information by putting
queries.
We will call the damsel, and inquire. Gen. xxiv. 57.
Then David inquired of the Lord yet again. And the Lord answered him.
1 Sam. xxiii. 4.

2. To seek to learn anything by recourse to the proper means of
knoledge; to make examination.
And inquire Gladly into the ways of God with man. Miltom.

Note: This word is followed by of before the person asked; as, to
inquire of a neighbor. It is followed by concerning, after, or about,
before the subject of inquiry; as, his friends inquired about or
concerning his welfare. "Thou dost not inquire wisely concerning
this." Eccl. vii. 10. It is followed by into when search is made for
particular knowledge or information; as, to inquire into the cause of
a sudden death. It is followed by for or after when a place or person
is sought, or something is missing. "Inquire in the house of Judas
for one called Saul of Tarsus." Acts ix. 11.

INQUIRE
In*quire", v. t.

1. To ask about; to seek to know by asking; to make examination or
inquiry respecting.
Having thus at length inquired the truth concerning law and dispense.
Milton.
And all obey and few inquire his will. Byron.

2. To call or name. [Obs.] Spenser.

Syn.
 -- To ask; question. See Question.

INQUIRENT
In*quir"ent, a. Etym: [L. inquirens, p. pr.]

Defn: Making inquiry; inquiring; questioning. [Obs.] Shenstone.

INQUIRER
In*quir"er, n. Etym: [Written also enquirer.]

Defn: One who inquires or examines; questioner; investigator. Locke.
Expert inquirers after truth. Cowper.

INQUIRING
In*quir"ing, a.

Defn: Given to inquiry; disposed to investigate causes; curious; as,
an inquiring mind.

INQUIRINGLY
In*quir"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inquiring manner.

INQUIRY
In*quir"y, n.; pl. Inquiries. Etym: [See Inquire.] [Written also
enquiry.]

1. The act of inquiring; a seeking for information by asking
questions; interrogation; a question or questioning.
He could no path nor track of foot descry, Nor by inquiry learn, nor
guess by aim. Spenser.
The men which were sent from Cornelius had made inquiry for Simon's
house, and stood before the gate. Acts x. 17.

2. Search for truth, information, or knoledge; examination into facts
or principles; research; invextigation; as, physical inquiries.
All that is wanting to the perfection of this art will undoubtedly be
found, if able men . . . will make inquiry into it. Dryden.
Court of inquiry. See under Court.
 -- Writ of inquiry, a writ issued in certain actions at law, where
the defendant has suffered judgment to pass against him by default,
in order to ascertain and assess the plaintiff's damages, where they
can not readily be ascertained by mere calculation. Burrill.

Syn.
 -- Interrogation; interrogatory; question; query; scrutiny;
investigation; research; examination.

INQUISIBLE
In*quis"i*ble, a.

Defn: Admitting judicial inquiry. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

INQUISITION
In`qui*si"tion, n. Etym: [L. inquisitio : cf. F. inquisition. See
Inquire, and cf. Inquest.]

1. The act of inquiring; inquiry; search; examination; inspection;
investigation.
As I could learn through earnest inquisition. Latimer.
Let not search and inquisition quail To bring again these foolish
runaways. Shak.

2. (Law)
(a) Judicial inquiry; official examination; inquest.
(b) The finding of a jury, especially such a finding under a writ of
inquiry. Bouvier.
The justices in eyre had it formerly in charge to make inquisition
concerning them by a jury of the county. Blackstone.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A court or tribunal for the examination and punishment of
heretics, fully established by Pope Gregory IX. in 1235. Its
operations were chiefly confined to Spain, Portugal, and their
dependencies, and a part of Italy.

INQUISITION
In`qui*si"tion, v. t.

Defn: To make inquisistion concerning; to inquire into. [Obs.]
Milton.

INQUISITIONAL
In`qui*si"tion*al, a. Etym: [LL. inquisitionalis.]

Defn: Relating to inquiry or inquisition; inquisitorial; also, of or
pertaining to, or characteristic of, the Inquisition.
All the inquisitional rigor . . . executed upon books. Milton.

INQUISITIONARY
In`qui*si"tion*a*ry, (, a. Etym: [Cf. F. inquisitionnaire.] [R.]

Defn: Inquisitional.

INQUISITIVE
In*quis"i*tive, a. Etym: [OE. inquisitif, F. inquisitif.]

1. Disposed to ask questions, especially in matters which do not
concern the inquirer.
A wise man is not inquisitive about things impertinent. Broome.

2. Given to examination, investigation, or research; searching;
curious.
A young, inquisitive, and sprightly genius. I. Watts.

Syn.
 -- Inquiring; prying; curious; meddling; intrusive.
 -- Inquisitive, Curious, Prying. Curious denotes a feeling, and
inquisitive a habit. We are curious when we desire to learn something
new; we are inquisitive when we set ourselves to gain it by inquiry
or research. Prying implies inquisitiveness, and is more commonly
used in a bad sense, as indicating a desire to penetrate into the
secrets of others.
[We] curious are to hear, What happens new. Milton.
This folio of four pages [a newspaper], happy work! Which not even
critics criticise; that holds Inquisitive attention, while I read.
Cowper.
Nor need we with a prying eye survey The distant skies, to find the
Milky Way. Creech.

INQUISITIVE
In*quis"i*tive, n.

Defn: A person who is inquisitive; one curious in research. Sir W.
Temple.

INQUISITIVELY
In*quis"i*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inquisitive manner.
The occasion that made him afterwards so inquisitively apply himself
to the study of physic. Boyle.

INQUISITIVENESS
In*quis"i*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being inquisitive; the disposition to
seek explanation and information; curiosity to learn what is unknown;
esp., uncontrolled and impertinent curiosity.
Mr. Boswell, whose inquisitiveness is seconded by great activity,
scrambled in at a high window. Johnson.
Curiosity in children nature has provided, to remove that ignorance
they were born with; which, without this busy inquisitiveness, will
make them dull. Locke.

INQUISITOR
In*quis"i*tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. inquisiteur. See Inquire.]

1. An inquisitive person; one fond of asking questions. [R.]
"Inquisitors are tatlers." Feltham.

2. (Law)

Defn: One whose official duty it is to examine and inquire, as
coroners, sheriffs, etc. Mozley & W.

3. (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: A member of the Court of Inquisition.

INQUISITORIAL
In*quis`i*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. inquisitorial.]

1. Pertaining to inquisition; making rigorous and unfriendly inquiry;
searching; as, inquisitorial power. "Illiberal and inquisitorial
abuse." F. Blackburne.
He conferred on it a kind of inquisitorial and censorious power even
over the laity, and directed it to inquire into all matters of
conscience. Hume.

2. Pertaining to the Court of Inquisition or resembling its
practices. "Inquisitorial robes." C. Buchanan.

INQUISITORIALLY
In*quis`i*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inquisitorial manner.

INQUISITORIOUS
In*quis`i*to"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Making strict inquiry; inquisitorial. [Obs.] Milton.

INQUISITURIENT
In*quis`i*tu"ri*ent, a.

Defn: Inquisitorial. [Obs.] "Our inquisiturient bishops." Milton.

INRACINATE
In*rac"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. in- in + F. racine root: cf. F.
enraciner.]

Defn: To enroot or implant.

INRAIL
In*rail", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inrailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Inrailing.]

Defn: To rail in; to inclose or surround, as with rails. Hooker.

INREGISTER
In*reg"is*ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inreristered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inregistering.] Etym: [Pref. in- in + register: cf. F. enregistrer.
Cf. Enregister.]

Defn: To register; to enter, as in a register. [R.] Walsh.

IN REM
In rem. [L.] (Law) Lit., in or against a (or the) thing; -- used:
 (a) Of any right (called right, or jus, in rem) of such a nature as
to be available over its subject without reference to one person more
than another, or, as generally expressed, a right competent, or
available, against all persons. Rights in rem include not alone
rights over physical property, but all rights available against all
persons indifferently, as those of life, liberty, and reputation.
 (b) Of actions for recovering or reducing to possession or enjoyment
a specific object, as in the enforcement of maritime liens against a
vessel, which is made the defendant by a sort of personification.
Most actions for the specific recovery of property in English and
American law are in the nature of actions in personam against a
person alleged to be unlawfully withholding the property.

INRO
In"ro, n. [Jap. inro; in seal + ro box.]

Defn: A small closed receptacle or set of receptacles of hard
material, as lacquered wood, iron, bronze, or ivory, used by the
Japanese to hold medicines, perfumes, and the like, and carried in
the girdle. It is usually secured by a silk cord by which the wearer
may grasp it, which cord passes through an ornamental button or knob
called a netsuke.

INROAD
In"road`, n.

Defn: The entrance of an enemy into a country with purposes of
hostility; a sudden or desultory incursion or invasion; raid;
encroachment.
The loss of Shrewsbury exposed all North Wales to the daily inroads
of the enemy. Clarendon.
With perpetual inroads to alarm, Though inaccessible, his fatal
throne. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Invasion; incursion; irruption. See Invasion.

INROAD
In*road", v.t [imp. & p. p. Inroaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Inroading.]

Defn: To make an inroad into; to invade. [Obs.]
The Saracens . . . conquered Spain, inroaded Aquitaine. Fuller.

INROLL
In*roll", v. t.

Defn: See Enroll.

INRUNNING
In"run`ning, n.

Defn: The act or the place of entrance; an inlet. Tennyson.

INRUSH
In"rush`, n.

Defn: A rush inwards; as, the inrush of the tide. G. Eliot.

INRUSH
In*rush", v. i.

Defn: To rush in. [Obs.] Holland.

INSABBATATI
In*sab`ba*ta"ti, n. pl. Etym: [LL. Insabatati. See 1st In-, and
Sabot.]

Defn: The Waldenses; -- so called from their peculiary cut or marked
sabots, or shoes.

INSAFETY
In*safe"ty, n.

Defn: Insecurity; danger. [Obs.]

INSALIVATION
In*sal`i*va"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The mixing of the food with the saliva and other secretions of
the mouth in eating.

INSALUBRIOUS
In`sa*lu"bri*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + salubrious: cf. L.
insalubris, F. insalubre.]

Defn: Not salubrious or healthful; unwholesome; as, an insalubrious
air or climate.

INSALUBRITY
In`sa*lu"bri*ty, n. Etym: [Cf.F. insalubrite.]

Defn: Unhealthfulness; unwholesomeness; as, the insalubrity of air,
water, or climate. Boyle.

INSALUTARY
In*sal"u*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. insaluteris : cf. F. insalutaire. See
In- not, and Salutary.]

1. Not salutary or wholesome; unfavorable to health.

2. Not tending to safety; productive of evil.

INSANABILITY
In*san`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being insanable or incurable; insanableness.

INSANABLE
In*san"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. insanabilis; cf. OF. insanable. See In-
not, and Sanable.]

Defn: Not capable of being healed; incurable; irremediable.

INSANABLENESS
In*san"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being insanable; insanability; incurableness.

INSANABLY
In*san"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an incurable manner.

INSANE
In*sane", a. Etym: [L. insanus. See In- not, and Sane.]

1. Exhibiting unsoundness or disorded of mind; not sane; mad;
deranged in mind; delirious; distracted. See Insanity, 2.

2. Used by, or appropriated to, insane persons; as, an insane
hospital.

3. Causing insanity or madness. [R.]
Or have we eaten on the insaneroot That takes the reason prisoner
Shak.

4. Characterized by insanity or the utmost folly; chimerical;
unpractical; as, an insane plan, attempt, etc.
I know not which was the insane measure. Southey.

INSANELY
In*sane"ly, adv.

Defn: Without reason; madly; foolishly.

INSANENESS
In*sane"ness, n.

Defn: Insanity; madness.

INSANIATE
In*sa"ni*ate, v. t.

Defn: To render unsound; to make mad. [Obs.] Feltham.

INSANIE
In*sa"nie, n.

Defn: Insanity. [Obs.] Shak.

INSANITARY
In*san"i*ta*ry, a.

Defn: Not sanitary; unhealthy; as, insanitary conditions of drainage.

INSANITATION
In*san`i*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Lack of sanitation; careless or dangerous hygienic conditions.

INSANITY
In*san"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. insanitas unsoundness; cf. insania
insanity, F. insanite.]

1. The state of being insane; unsoundness or derangement of mind;
madness; lunacy.
All power of fancy overreason is a degree of insanity. Johnson.
Without grace The heart's insanity admits no cure. Cowper.

2. (Law)

Defn: Such a mental condition, as, either from the existence of
delusions, or from incapacity to distinguish between right and wrong,
with regard to any matter under action, does away with individual
responsibility.

Syn. - Insanity, Lunacy, Madness, Derangement, Aliention, Aberration,
Mania, Delirium, Frenzy, Monomania, Dementia. Insanity is the generic
term for all such diseases; lunacy has now an equal extent of
meaning, though once used to denote periodical insanity; madness has
the same extent, though originally referring to the rage created by
the disease; derangement, alienation, are popular terms for insanity;
delirium, mania, and frenzy denote excited states of the disease;
dementia denotes the loss of mental power by this means; monomania is
insanity upon a single subject.

INSAPORY
In*sa"po*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + sapor.]

Defn: Tasteless; unsavory. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.

INSATIABILITY
In*sa`tia*bil"i*ty, n., Etym: [L. insatiabilitas; cf. F.
insatiabilite.]

Defn: The state or quality of being insatiable; insatiableness.
Eagerness for increase of possession deluges the soul, and we sink
into the gulfs of insatiability. Rambler.

INSATIABLE
In*sa"tia*ble, a. Etym: [F. insatiable, L. ionsatiabilis. See In-
not, and Satiable.]

Defn: Not satiable; incapable of being satisfied or appeased; very
greedy; as, an insatiable appetite, thirst, or desire.
"Insatiable of glory." Milton.

INSATIABLENESS
In*sa"tia*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Greediness of appetite that can not be satisfied or appeased;
insatiability.
The eye of the covetous hath a more particular insatiableness. Bp.
Hall.

INSATIABLY
In*sa"tia*bly, adv.

Defn: In an insatiable manner or degree; unappeasably. "Insatiably
covetous." South.

INSATIATE
In*sa"ti*ate, a. Etym: [L. insatiatus.]

Defn: Insatiable; as, insatiate thirst.
The insatiate greediness of his desires. Shak.
And still insatiate, thirsting still for blood. Hook.

INSATIATELY
In*sa"ti*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: Insatiably. Sir T. Herbert.

INSATIATENESS
In*sa"ti*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being insatiate.

INSATIETY
In`sa*ti"e*ty, n. Etym: [L. insatietas: cf. F. insatiete. See
Satiety.]

Defn: Insatiableness. T. Grander.

INSATISFACTION
In*sat`is*fac"tion, n.

1. Insufficiency; emptiness. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. Dissatisfaction. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

INSATURABLE
In*sat"u*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. insaturabilis: cf. F. insaturable. See
In- not, and Saturable.]

Defn: Not capable of being saturated or satisfied.

INSCIENCE
In"science, n. Etym: [L. inscientia: cf.F. inscience.]

Defn: Want of knowledge; ignorance. [Obs.]

INSCIENT
In"scient, a. Etym: [L. insciens, -entis, ignorant. See In- not, and
Scient, Science.]

Defn: Having little or no knowledge; ignorant; stupid; silly. [R.] N.
Bacon.

INSCIENT
In"scient, a. Etym: [Pref. in- in + L. sciens knowing.]

Defn: Having knowledge or insight; intelligent. [R.]
Gaze on, with inscient vision, toward the sun. Mrs. Browning.

INSCONCE
In*sconce", v. t.

Defn: See Ensconce.

INSCRIBABLE
In*scrib"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being inscribed, -- used specif. (Math.) of solids
or plane figures capable of being inscribed in other solids or
figures.

INSCRIBABLENESS
In*scrib"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being inscribable.

INSCRIBE
In*scribe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inscribed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inscribing.] Etym: [L. inscribere. See 1st In-, and Scribe.]

1. To write or engrave; to mark down as something to be read; to
imprint.
Inscribe a verse on this relenting stone. Pope.

2. To mark with letters, charakters, or words.
O let thy once lov'd friend inscribe thy stone. Pope.

3. To assign or address to; to commend to by a shot address; to
dedicate informally; as, to inscribe an ode to a friend. Dryden.

4. To imprint deeply; to impress; to stamp; as, to inscribe a
sentence on the memory.

5. (Geom.)

Defn: To draw within so as to meet yet not cut the boundaries.

Note: A line is inscribed in a circle, or in a sphere, when its two
ends are in the circumference of the circle, or in the surface of the
sphere. A triangle is inscribed in another triangle, when the three
angles of the former are severally on the three sides of the latter.
A circle is inscribed in a polygon, when it touches each side of the
polygon. A sphere is inscribed in a polyhedron, when the sphere
touches each boundary plane of the polyhedron. The latter figure in
each case is circumscribed about the former.

INSCRIBER
In*scrib"er, n.

Defn: One who inscribes. Pownall.

INSCRIPTIBLE
In*scrip"ti*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being inscribed; inscribable.

INSCRIPTION
In*scrip"tion, n. Etym: [L. inscriptio, fr.inscribere, inscriptum, to
inscribe: cf. F. inscription. See Inscribe.]

1. The act or process of inscribing.

2. That which is inscribed; something written or engraved;
especially, a word or words written or engraved on a solid substance
for preservation or public inspection; as, inscriptions on monuments,
pillars, coins, medals, etc.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: A line of division or intersection; as, the tendinous
inscriptions, or intersections, of a muscle.

4. An address, consignment, or informal dedication, as of a book to a
person, as a mark of respect or an invitation of patronage.

INSCRIPTIVE
In*scrip"tive, a.

Defn: Bearing inscription; of the character or nature of an
inscription.

INSCROLL
In*scroll", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inscrolled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inscrolling.]

Defn: To write on a scroll; to record. [Written also inscrol.] Shak.

INSCRUTABILITY
In*scru`ta*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being inscrutable; inscrutableness.

INSCRUTABLE
In*scru"ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. inscrutabilis : cf. F. inscrutable. See
In- not, and Scrutiny.]

Defn: Unsearchable; incapable of being searched into and understood
by inquiry or study; impossible or difficult to be explained or
accounted for satisfactorily; obscure; incomprehensible; as, an
inscrutable design or event.
'T is not in man To yield a reason for the will of Heaven Which is
inscrutable. Beau. & Fl.
Waiving a question so inscrutable as this. De Quincey.

INSCRUTABLENESS
In*scru"ta*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being inscrutable; inscrutability.

INSCRUTABLY
In*scru"ta*bly, adv.

Defn: In an inscrutable manner.

INSCULP
In*sculp", v. t. Etym: [L. insculpere: cf. F. insculper. See 1st In-,
and Sculptor.]

Defn: To engrave; to carve; to sculpture. [Obs. & R.] Shak.
Which he insculped in two likely stones. Drayton.

INSCULPTION
In*sculp"tion, n.

Defn: Inscription. [Obs.]

INSCULPTURE
In*sculp"ture, n.

Defn: An engraving, carving, or inscription. [Obs.]
On his gravestone this insculpture. Shak.

INSCULPTURED
In*sculp"tured, p. a.

Defn: Engraved. Glover.

INSEAM
In*seam", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inseamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Inseaming.]

Defn: To impress or mark with a seam or cicatrix. Pope.

INSEARCH
In*search", v. t.

Defn: To make search after; to investigate or examine; to ensearch.
[Obs.]

INSECABLE
In*sec"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. insecabilis; pref. in- not + secabilis
that may be cut: cf. F. insecable.]

Defn: Incapable of being divided by cutting; indivisible.

INSECT
In"sect, n. Etym: [F.insecte, L. insectum, fr. insectus, p.p. of
insecare to cut in. See Section. The name was originally given to
certain small animals, whose bodies appear cut in, or almost divided.
Cf. Entomology.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Insecta; esp., one of the Hexapoda. See Insecta.

Note: The hexapod insects pass through three stages during their
growth, viz., the larva, pupa, and imago or adult, but in some of the
orders the larva differs little from the imago, except in lacking
wings, and the active pupa is very much like the larva, except in
having rudiments of wings. In the higher orders, the larva is usually
a grub, maggot, or caterpillar, totally unlike the adult, while the
pupa is very different from both larva and imago and is inactive,
taking no food.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any air-breathing arthropod, as a spider or scorpion.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small crustacean. In a wider sense, the word is often
loosely applied to various small invertebrates.

4. Fig.: Any small, trivial, or contemptible person or thing.
Thomson. Insect powder,a powder used for the extermination of
insects; esp., the powdered flowers of certain species of Pyrethrum,
a genus now merged in Chrysanthemum. Called also Persian powder.

INSECT
In"sect, a.

1. Of or pertaining to an insect or insects.

2. Like an insect; small; mean; ephemeral.

INSECTA
In*sec"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Insect.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the classes of Arthropoda, including those that have one
pair of antennæ, three pairs of mouth organs, and breathe air by
means of tracheæ, opening by spiracles along the sides of the body.
In this sense it includes the Hexapoda, or six-legged insects and the
Myriapoda, with numerous legs. See Insect, n.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: In a more restricted sense, the Hexapoda alone. See Hexapoda.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: In the most general sense, the Hexapoda, Myriapoda, and
Arachnoidea, combined.

Note: The typical Insecta, or hexapod insects, are divided into
several orders, viz.: Hymenoptera, as the bees and ants; Diptera, as
the common flies and gnats; Aphaniptera, or fleas; Lepidoptera, or
moths and butterflies; Neuroptera, as the ant-lions and hellgamite;
Coleoptera, or beetles; Hemiptera, as bugs, lice, aphids; Orthoptera,
as grasshoppers and cockroaches; Pseudoneuroptera, as the dragon
flies and termites; Euplexoptera, or earwings; Thysanura, as the
springtails, podura, and lepisma. See these words in the Vocabulary.

INSECTARY
In"sec*ta*ry, n.

Defn: A place for keeping living insects.
 -- In`sec*ta"ri*um, n. Etym: [L.]

INSECTATION
In`sec*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. insectatio. See Insectator.]

Defn: The act of pursuing; pursuit; harassment; persecution. [Obs.]
Sir T. More.

INSECTATOR
In`sec*ta"tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. insectari to pursue, freq. fr.
insequi. See Ensue.]

Defn: A pursuer; a persecutor; a censorious critic. [Obs.] Bailey.

INSECTED
In"sect*ed, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, having the nature of, or resembling, an insect.
Howell.

INSECTICIDE
In*sec"ti*cide, n. Etym: [Insect + L. caedere to kill.]

Defn: An agent or preparation for destroying insects; an insect
powder.
 -- In*sec"ti*ci`dal, a.

INSECTILE
In*sec"tile, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or having the nature of, insects. Bacon.

INSECTION
In*sec"tion, n. Etym: [See Insect.]

Defn: A cutting in; incisure; incision.

INSECTIVORA
In`sec*tiv"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. insectum an insect +
vorare to devour.] (Zoöl.)

1. An order of mammals which feed principally upon insects.

Note: They are mostly of small size, and their molar teeth have sharp
cusps. Most of the species burrow in the earth, and many of those of
cold climates hibernate in winter. The order includes the moles,
shrews, hedgehogs, tanrecs, and allied animals, also the colugo.

2. A division of the Cheiroptera, including the common or insect-
eating bats.

INSECTIVORE
In*sec"ti*vore, n.; pl. Insectivores (-vorz). Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Insectivora.

INSECTIVOROUS
In`sec*tiv"o*rous, a. Etym: [See Insectivora.]

Defn: Feeding or subsisting on insects; carnivorous. The term is
applied: (a) to

Defn: plants which have some special adaptation for catching and
digesting insects, as the sundew, Venus's flytrap, Sarracenia, etc.
(b) to

Defn: the Insectivora, and to many bats, birds, and reptiles.

INSECTOLOGER
In`sec*tol"o*ger, n.

Defn: An entomologist. [Obs.]

INSECTOLOGY
In`sec*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Insect + -logy: cf. F. insectologie.]

Defn: Entomology. [Obs.]

INSECURE
In`se*cure", a.

1. Not secure; not confident of safety or permanence; distrustful;
suspicious; apprehensive of danger or loss.
With sorrow and insecure apprehensions. Jer. Taylor.

2. Not effectually guarded, protected, or sustained; unsafe;
unstable; exposed to danger or loss. Bp. Hurg.
The trade with Egypt was exceedingly insecure and precarious. Mickle.

INSECURELY
In`se*cure"ly, adv.

Defn: In an insecure manner.

INSECURENESS
In`se*cure"ness, n.

Defn: Insecurity.

INSECURITY
In`se*cu"ri*ty, n.; pl. Insecurities. Etym: [Pref.in- not + security
: cf. LL. insecuritas, F. insecurite.]

1. The condition or quality of being insecure; want of safety;
danger; hazard; as, the insecurity of a building liable to fire;
insecurity of a debt.

2. The state of feeling insecure; uncertainty; want of confidence.
With what insecurity of truth we ascribe effects . . . unto arbitrary
calculations. Sir T. Browne.
A time of insecurity, when interests of all sorts become objects of
speculation. Burke.

INSECUTION
In`se*cu"tion, n. Etym: [L. insecutio, fr. insequi p. p. insecutus.
See Ensue.]

Defn: A following after; close pursuit. [Obs.] Chapman.

INSEMINATE
In*sem"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. inseminatus, p. p. of inseminare to
sow. See Seminate.]

Defn: To sow; to impregnate. [Obs.]

INSEMINATION
In*sem`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: A sowing. [Obs.]

INSENSATE
In*sen"sate, a. Etym: [L. insensatus. See In- not, and Sensate.]

Defn: Wanting sensibility; destitute of sense; stupid; foolish.
The silence and the calm Of mute, insensate things. Wordsworth.
The meddling folly or insensate ambition of statesmen. Buckle.
-- In*sen"sate*ly, adv.
 -- In*sen"sate*ness, n.

INSENSE
In*sense", v. t. Etym: [Pref. in- in + sense.]

Defn: To make to understand; to instruct. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

INSENSIBILITY
In*sen`si*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. insensibilité.]

1. The state or quality of being insensible; want of sensibility;
torpor; unconsciousness; as, the insensibility produced by a fall, or
by opiates.

2. Want of tenderness or susceptibility of emotion or passion;
dullness; stupidity.

Syn.
 -- Dullness; numbness; unfeelingness; stupidity; torpor; apathy;
impassiveness; indifference.

INSENSIBLE
In*sen"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. insensibilis: cf. F. insensible. See In-
not, and Sensible.]

1. Destitute of the power of feeling or perceiving; wanting bodily
sensibility. Milton.

2. Not susceptible of emotion or passion; void of feeling; apathetic;
unconcerned; indifferent; as, insensible to danger, fear, love, etc.;
-- often used with of or to.
Accept an obligation without being a slave to the giver, or
insensible to his kindness. Sir H. Wotton.
Lost in their loves, insensible of shame. Dryden.

3. Incapable of being perceived by the senses; imperceptible. Hence:
Progressing by imperceptible degrees; slow; gradual; as, insensible
motion.
Two small and almost insensible pricks were found upon Cleopatra's
arm. Sir T. Browne.
They fall away, And languish with insensible decay. Dryden.

4. Not sensible or reasonable; meaningless. [Obs.]
If it make the indictment be insensible or uncertain, it shall be
quashed. Sir M. Hale.

Syn.
 -- Imperceptible; imperceivable; dull; stupid; torpid; numb;
unfeeling; apathetic; stoical; impassive; indifferent; unsusceptible;
hard; callous.

INSENSIBLENESS
In*sen"si*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Insensibility. Bp. Hall.

INSENSIBLY
In*sen"si*bly, adv.

Defn: In a manner not to be felt or perceived; imperceptibly;
gradually.
The hills rise insensibly. Addison.

INSENSITIVE
In*sen"si*tive, a.

Defn: Not sensitive; wanting sensation, or wanting acute sensibility.
Tillotson. Ruskin.

INSENSUOUS
In*sen"su*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + sensuous.]

Defn: Not sensuous; not pertaining to, affecting, or addressing, the
senses.
That intermediate door Betwixt the different planes of sensuous form
And form insensuous. Mrs. Browning.

INSENTIENT
In*sen"ti*ent, a.

Defn: Not sentient; not having perception, or the power of
perception.
The . . . attributes of an insentient, inert substance. Reid.
But there can be nothing like to this sensation in the rose, because
it is insentient. Sir W. Hamilton.

INSEPARABILITY
In*sep`a*ra*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. inseparabilitas: cf. F.
inséparabilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being inseparable; inseparableness.
Locke.

INSEPARABLE
In*sep"a*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. inseparabilis: cf. F. inséparable. See
In-, and Separable.]

1. Not separable; incapable of being separated or disjoined.
The history of every language is inseparable from that of the people
by whom it is spoken. Mure.
Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable. D. Webster.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Invariably attached to some word, stem, or root; as, the
inseparable particle un-.

INSEPARABLENESS
In*sep"a*ra*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being inseparable; inseparability. Bp.
Burnet.

INSEPARABLY
In*sep"a*ra*bly, adv.

Defn: In an inseparable manner or condition; so as not to be
separable. Bacon.
And cleaves through life inseparably close. Cowper.

INSEPARATE
In*sep"a*rate, a. Etym: [L. inseparatus. See In- not, and Separate.]

Defn: Not separate; together; united. Shak.

INSEPARATELY
In*sep"a*rate*ly, adv.

Defn: Inseparably. [Obs.] Cranmer.

INSERT
In*sert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inserted; p. pr. & vb. n. Inserting.]
Etym: [L. insertus, p. p. of inserere to insert; pref. in- in +
serere to join, connect. See Series.]

Defn: To set within something; to put or thrust in; to introduce; to
cause to enter, or be included, or contained; as, to insert a scion
in a stock; to insert a letter, word, or passage in a composition; to
insert an advertisement in a newspaper.
These words were very weakly inserted where they will be so liable to
misconstruction. Bp. Stillingfleet.

INSERTED
In*sert"ed, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Situated upon, attached to, or growing out of, some part; --
said especially of the parts of the flower; as, the calyx, corolla,
and stamens of many flowers are inserted upon the receptacle. Gray.

INSERTING
In*sert"ing, n.

1. A setting in.

2. Something inserted or set in, as lace, etc., in garments. [R.]

INSERTION
In*ser"tion, n. Etym: [L. insertio: cf. F. insertion. See Insert.]

1. The act of inserting; as, the insertion of scions in stocks; the
insertion of words or passages in writings.

2. The condition or mode of being inserted or attached; as, the
insertion of stamens in a calyx.

3. That which is set in or inserted, especially a narrow strip of
embroidered lace, muslin, or cambric.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: The point or part by which a muscle or tendon is attached to
the part to be moved; -- in contradistinction to its origin.
Epigynous insertion (Bot.), the insertion of stamens upon the ovary.
 -- Hypogynous insertion (Bot.), insertion beneath the ovary.

INSERVE
In*serve", v. i. Etym: [L. inservire; in- in + servire to serve.]

Defn: To be of use to an end; to serve. [Obs.]

INSERVIENT
In*serv"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. inserviens, p. pr. of inservire.]

Defn: Conducive; instrumental. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

INSESSION
In*ses"sion, n. Etym: [L. insessio, fr. insidere, insessum, to sit
in. See Insidious.]

1. The act of sitting, as in a tub or bath. "Used by way of
fomentation, insession, or bath." [R.] Holland.

2. That in which one sits, as a bathing tub. [R.]
Insessions be bathing tubs half full. Holland.

INSESSOR
In*ses"sor, n.; pl. Insessores. Etym: [See Insessores.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Insessores. The group includes most of the common
singing birds.

INSESSORES
In`ses*so"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. insessor, lit., one who sits
down, fr. incidere. See Insession.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of birds, formerly established to include the perching
birds, but now generally regarded as an artificial group.

INSESSORIAL
In`ses*so"ri*al, a. (Zoöl.)

1. Pertaining to, or having the character of, perching birds.

2. Belonging or pertaining to the Insessores.

INSET
In*set", v. t.

Defn: To infix. [Obs.] Chaucer.

INSET
In"set, n.

1. That which is inserted or set in; an insertion.

2. (Bookbinding)

Defn: One or more separate leaves inserted in a volume before
binding; as: (a) A portion of the printed sheet in certain sizes of
books which is cut off before folding, and set into the middle of the
folded sheet to complete the succession of paging; -- also called
offcut. (b) A page or pages of advertisements inserted.

INSEVERABLE
In*sev"er*a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being severed; indivisible; inseparable. De
Quincey.

INSHADED
In*shad"ed, a.

Defn: Marked with different shades. W. Browne.

INSHAVE
In"shave`, n. (Mech.)

Defn: A plane for shaving or dressing the concave or inside faces of
barrel staves.

INSHEATHE
In*sheathe", v. t.

Defn: To insert as in a sheath; to sheathe. Hughes.

INSHELL
In*shell", v. t.

Defn: To hide in a shell. [Obs.] Shak.

INSHIP
In*ship", v. t.

Defn: To embark. [Obs.] Shak.

INSHORE
In"shore`, a.

Defn: Being near or moving towards the shore; as, inshore fisheries;
inshore currents.
 -- adv.

Defn: Towards the shore; as, the boat was headed inshore.

INSHRINE
In*shrine", v. t.

Defn: See Enshrine.

INSICCATION
In`sic*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of drying in.

INSIDE
In"side`, prep. or adv.

Defn: Within the sides of; in the interior; contained within; as,
inside a house, book, bottle, etc.

INSIDE
In"side`, a

1. Being within; included or inclosed in anything; contained;
interior; internal; as, the inside passengers of a stagecoach; inside
decoration.
Kissing with inside lip. Shak.

2. Adapted to the interior. Inside callipers (Mech.), callipers for
measuring the diameters of holes, etc.
 -- Inside finish (Arch.), a general term for the final work in any
building necessary for its completion, but other than unusual
decoration; thus, in joiner work, the doors and windows, inside
shutters, door and window trimmings, paneled jams, baseboards, and
sometimes flooring and stairs; in plaster work, the finishing coat,
the cornices, centerpieces, etc.,; in painting, all simple painting
of woodwork and plastering.
 -- Inside track, the inner part of a race course; hence,
colloquially, advantage of place, facilities, etc., in competition.

INSIDE
In"side`, n.

1. The part within; interior or internal portion; content.
Looked he o' the inside of the paper Shak.

2. pl.

Defn: The inward parts; entrails; bowels; hence, that which is
within; private thoughts and feelings.
Here's none but friends; we may speak Our insides freely. Massinger.

3. An inside passenger of a coach or carriage, as distinguished from
one upon the outside. [Colloq. Eng.]
So down thy hill, romantic Ashbourne, glides The Derby dilly,
carrying three insides. Anti-Jacobin.
Patent insides or outside, a name give to newspaper sheets printed on
one side with general and miscellaneous matter, and furnished
wholesale to offices of small newspapers, where the blank pages are
filled up with recent and local news.

INSIDIATE
In*sid"i*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. insidiatus, p. p. of insidiare to lie
in ambush, fr. insidiae. See Insidious.]

Defn: To lie in ambush for. [Obs.] Heywood.

INSIDIATOR
In*sid"i*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who lies in ambush. [Obs.] Barrow.

INSIDIOUS
In*sid"i*ous, a. Etym: [L. insidiosus, fr. insidiae an ambush, fr.
insidere to sit in; pref. in- + sedere to sit: cf. F. insidieux. See
Sit.]

1. Lying in wait; watching an opportunity to insnare or entrap;
deceitful; sly; treacherous; -- said of persons; as, the insidious
foe. "The insidious witch." Cowper.

2. Intended to entrap; characterized by treachery and deceit; as,
insidious arts.
The insidious whisper of the bad angel. Hawthorne.
Insidious disease (Med.), a disease existing, without marked
symptoms, but ready to become active upon some slight occasion; a
disease not appearing to be as bad as it really is.

Syn.
 -- Crafty; wily; artful; sly; designing; guileful; circumventive;
treacherous; deceitful; deceptive.
 -- In*sid"i*ous*ly, adv.
 -- In*sid"i*ous*ness, n.

INSIGHT
In"sight`, n.

1. A sight or view of the interior of anything; a deep inspection or
view; introspection; -- frequently used with into.
He had an insight into almost all the secrets of state. Jortin.

2. Power of acute observation and deduction; penetration;
discernment; perception.
Quickest insight In all things that to greatest actions lead. Milton.

INSIGNIA
In*sig"ni*a, n. pl. Etym: [L. insigne, pl. insignia, fr. insignis
distinguished by a mark; pref. in- in + signum a mark, sign. See
Ensign, Sign.]

1. Distinguishing marks of authority, office, or honor; badges;
tokens; decorations; as, the insignia of royalty or of an order.

2. Typical and characteristic marks or signs, by which anything is
known or distinguished; as, the insignia of a trade.

INSIGNIFICANCE
In`sig*nif"i*cance, n.

1. The condition or quality of being insignificant; want of
significance, sense, or meaning; as, the insignificance of words or
phrases.

2. Want of force or effect; unimportance; pettiness; inefficacy; as,
the insignificance of human art.

3. Want of claim to consideration or notice; want of influence or
standing; meanness.
Reduce him, from being the first person in the nation, to a state of
insignificance. Beattie.

INSIGNIFICANCY
In`sig*nif"i*can*cy, n.

Defn: Insignificance.

INSIGNIFICANT
In`sig*nif"i*cant, a.

1. Not significant; void of signification, sense, or import;
meaningless; as, insignificant words.

2. Having no weight or effect; answering no purpose; unimportant;
valueless; futile.
Laws must be insignificant without the sanction of rewards and
punishments. Bp. Wilkins.

3. Without weight of character or social standing; mean;
contemptible; as, an insignificant person.

Syn.
 -- Unimportant; immaterial; inconsiderable; small; inferior;
trivial; mean; contemptible.

INSIGNIFICANTLY
In`sig*nif"i*cant*ly, adv.

Defn: without significance, importance, or effect; to no purpose.
"Anger insignificantly fierce." Cowper.

INSIGNIFICATIVE
In`sig*nif"i*ca*tive, a. Etym: [L. insignificativus. See In- not, and
Significative.]

Defn: Not expressing meaning; not significant.

INSIGNMENT
In*sign"ment, n. Etym: [See Insignia.]

Defn: A token, mark, or explanation. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

INSIMULATE
In*sim"u*late, v. t. Etym: [L. insimulatus, p. p. of insimulare to
accuse.]

Defn: To accuse. [Obs.] Donne.

INSINCERE
In`sin*cere", a. Etym: [L. insincerus. See In- not, and Sincere.]

1. Not being in truth what one appears to be; not sincere;
dissembling; hypocritical; disingenuous; deceitful; false; -- said of
persons; also of speech, thought; etc.; as, insincere declarations.

2. Disappointing; imperfect; unsound. [Obs.]
To render sleep's soft blessings insincere. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Dissembling; hollow; hypocritical; deceptive deceitful; false;
disingenuous; untrustworthy.

INSINCERELY
In`sin*cere"ly, adv.

Defn: Without sincerity.

INSINCERITY
In`sin*cer"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. insincérité.]

Defn: The quality of being insincere; want of sincerity, or of being
in reality what one appears to be; dissimulation; hypocritical;
deceitfulness; hollowness; untrustworthiness; as, the insincerity of
a professed friend; the insincerity of professions of regard.
What men call policy and knowledge of the world, is commonly no other
thing than dissimulation and insincerity. Blair.

INSINEW
In*sin"ew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insinewed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Insinewing.]

Defn: To strengthen, as with sinews; to invigorate. [Obs.]
All members of our cause, . . . That are insinewed to this action.
Shak.

INSINUANT
In*sin"u*ant, a. Etym: [L. insinuans, p. pr.: cf. F. insinuant.]

Defn: Insinuating; insinuative. [Obs.]

INSINUATE
In*sin"u*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insinuated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Insinuating.] Etym: [L. insinuatus, p. p. of insinuareto insinuate;
pref. in- in + sinus the bosom. See Sinuous.]

1. To introduce gently or slowly, as by a winding or narrow passage,
or a gentle, persistent movement.
The water easily insinuates itself into, and placidly distends, the
vessels of vegetables. Woodward.

2. To introduce artfully; to infuse gently; to instill.
All the art of rhetoric, besides order and clearness, are for nothing
else but to insinuate wrong ideas, move the passions, and thereby
mislead the judgment. Locke.
Horace laughs to shame all follies and insinuates virtue, rather by
familiar examples than by the severity of precepts. Dryden.

3. To hint; to suggest by remote allusion; -- often used
derogatorily; as, did you mean to insinuate anything

4. To push or work (one's self), as into favor; to introduce by slow,
gentle, or artful means; to ingratiate; -- used reflexively.
He insinuated himself into the very good grace of the Duke of
Buckingham. Clarendon.

Syn.
 -- To instill; hint; suggest; intimate.

INSINUATE
In*sin"u*ate, v. i.

1. To creep, wind, or flow in; to enter gently, slowly, or
imperceptibly, as into crevices.

2. To ingratiate one's self; to obtain access or favor by flattery or
cunning.
He would insinuate with thee but to make thee sigh. Shak.
To insinuate, flatter, bow, and bend my limbs. Shak.

INSINUATING
In*sin"u*a`ting, a.

Defn: Winding, creeping, or flowing in, quietly or stealthily;
suggesting; winning favor and confidence insensibly. Milton.
His address was courteous, and even insinuating. Prescott.

INSINUATINGLY
In*sin"u*a`ting*ly, adv.

Defn: By insinuation.

INSINUATION
In*sin"u*a`tion, n. Etym: [L. insinuatio: cf. F. insinuation.]

1. The act or process of insinuating; a creeping, winding, or flowing
in.
By a soft insinuation mix'd With earth's large mass. Crashaw.

2. The act of gaining favor, affection, or influence, by gentle or
artful means; -- formerly used in a good sense, as of friendly
influence or interposition. Sir H. Wotton.
I hope through the insinuation of Lord Scarborough to keep them here
till further orders. Lady Cowper.

3. The art or power of gaining good will by a prepossessing manner.
He bad a natural insinuation and address which made him acceptable in
the best company. Clarendon.

4. That which is insinuated; a hint; a suggestion or intimation by
distant allusion; as, slander may be conveyed by insinuations.
I scorn your coarse insinuation. Cowper.

Syn.
 -- Hint; intimation; suggestion. See Innuendo.

INSINUATIVE
In*sin"u*a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. insinuatif.]

1. Stealing on or into the confidence or affections; having power to
gain favor. "Crafty, insinuative, plausible men." Bp. Reynolds.

2. Using insinuations; giving hints; insinuating; as, insinuative
remark.

INSINUATOR
In*sin"u*a`tor, n. Etym: [L., an introducer.]

Defn: One who, or that which, insinuates. De Foe.

INSINUATORY
In*sin"u*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Insinuative.

INSIPID
In*sip"id, a. Etym: [L. insipidus; pref. in- not + sapidus savory,
fr. sapere to taste: cf. F. insipide. See Savor.]

1. Wanting in the qualities which affect the organs of taste; without
taste or savor; vapid; tasteless; as, insipid drink or food. Boyle.

2. Wanting in spirit, life, or animation; uninteresting; weak; vapid;
flat; dull; heavy; as, an insipid woman; an insipid composition.
Flat, insipid, and ridiculous stuff to him. South.
But his wit is faint, and his salt, if I may dare to say so, almost
insipid. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Tasteless; vapid; dull; spiritless; unanimated; lifeless; flat;
stale; pointless; uninteresting.

INSIPIDITY; INSIPIDNESS
In`si*pid"i*ty, In*sip"id*ness, n. Etym: [Cf. F. insipidité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being insipid; vapidity. "Dryden's
lines shine strongly through the insipidity of Tate's." Pope.

INSIPIDLY
In*sip"id*ly, adv.

Defn: In an insipid manner; without taste, life, or spirit; flatly.
Locke. Sharp.

INSIPIENCE
In*sip"i*ence, n. Etym: [L. insipientia: cf. OF. insipience.]

Defn: Want of intelligence; stupidity; folly. [R.] Blount.

INSIPIENT
In*sip"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. insipiens; pref. in- not + sapiens wise.]

Defn: Wanting wisdom; stupid; foolish. [R.] Clarendon.
 -- n.

Defn: An insipient person. [R.] Fryth.

INSIST
In*sist", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Insisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Insisting.]
Etym: [F. insister, L. insistere to set foot upon, follow, persist;
pref. in- in + sistere to stand, cause to stand. See Stand.]

1. To stand or rest; to find support; -- with in, on, or upon. [R.]
Ray.

2. To take a stand and refuse to give way; to hold to something
firmly or determinedly; to be persistent, urgent, or pressing; to
persist in demanding; -- followed by on, upon, or that; as, he
insisted on these conditions; he insisted on going at once; he
insists that he must have money.
Insisting on the old prerogative. Shak.
Without further insisting on the different tempers of Juvenal and
Horace. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Insist, Persist.
 -- Insist implies some alleged right, as authority or claim. Persist
may be from obstinacy alone, and either with or against rights. We
insist as against others; we persist in what exclusively relates to
ourselves; as, he persisted in that course; he insisted on his
friend's adopting it. C. J. Smith.

INSISTENCE
In*sist"ence, n.

Defn: The quality of insisting, or being urgent or pressing; the act
of dwelling upon as of special importance; persistence; urgency.

INSISTENT
In*sist"ent, a. Etym: [L. insistens, -entis, p. pr. of insistere.]

1. Standing or resting on something; as, an insistent wall. Sir H.
Wotton.

2. Insisting; persistent; persevering.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Incumbent.

INSISTENTLY
In*sist"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an insistent manner.

INSISTURE
In*sis"ture, n.

Defn: A dwelling or standing on something; fixedness; persistence.
[Obs.] Shak.

INSITIENCY
In*si"ti`en*cy, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + L. sitiens, p. pr. of
sitire to be thirsty, fr. sitis thirst.]

Defn: Freedom from thirst. [Obs.]
The insitiency of a camel for traveling in deserts. Grew.

INSITION
In*si"tion, n. Etym: [L. insitio, fr. inserere, insitum, to sow or
plant in, to ingraft; pref. in- in + serere, satum, to sow.]

Defn: The insertion of a scion in a stock; ingraftment. Ray.

IN SITU
In` si"tu. Etym: [L.]

Defn: In its natural position or place; -- said of a rock or fossil,
when found in the situation in which it was originally formed or
deposited.

INSNARE
In*snare", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insnared; p. pr. & vb. n. Insnaring.]
Etym: [Written also ensnare.]

1. To catch in a snare; to entrap; to take by artificial means.
"Insnare a gudgeon." Fenton.

2. To take by wiles, stratagem, or deceit; to involve in difficulties
or perplexities; to seduce by artifice; to inveigle; to allure; to
entangle.
The insnaring charms Of love's soft queen. Glover.

INSNARER
In*snar"er, n.

Defn: One who insnares.

INSNARL
In*snarl", v. t.

Defn: To make into a snarl or knot; to entangle; to snarl. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.

INSOBRIETY
In`so*bri"e*ty, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + : cf. F. insobriété.]

Defn: Want of sobriety, moderation, or calmness; intemperance;
drunkenness.

INSOCIABILITY
In*so`cia*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. insociabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being insociable; want of sociability;
unsociability. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

INSOCIABLE
In*so"cia*ble, a. Etym: [L. insociabilis: cf. F. insociable. See In-
not, and Sociable.]

1. Incapable of being associated, joined, or connected. [Obs.]
Lime and wood are insociable. Sir H. Wotton.

2. Not sociable or companionable; disinclined to social intercourse
or conversation; unsociable; taciturn.
This austere insociable life. Shak.

INSOCIABLY
In*so"cia*bly, adv.

Defn: Unsociably.

INSOCIATE
In*so"ci*ate, a.

Defn: Not associate; without a companion; single; solitary; recluse.
[Obs.] "The insociate virgin life." B. Jonson.

INSOLATE
In"so*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insolated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Insolating.] Etym: [L. insolatus, p. p. of insolare to expose to the
sun; pref. in- in + sol the sun.]

Defn: To dry in, or to expose to, the sun's rays; to ripen or prepare
by such exposure. Johnson.

INSOLATION
In`so*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. insolatio: cf. F. insolation.]

1. The act or process to exposing to the rays of the sun fro the
purpose of drying or maturing, as fruits, drugs, etc., or of
rendering acid, as vinegar.

2. (Med.)
(a) A sunstroke.
(b) Exposure of a patient to the sun's rays; a sun bath.

INSOLE
In"sole`, n.

Defn: The inside sole of a boot or shoe; also, a loose, thin strip of
leather, felt, etc., placed

INSOLENCE
In"so*lence, n. Etym: [F. insolence, L. insolentia. See Insolent.]

1. The quality of being unusual or novel. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. The quality of being insolent; pride or haughtiness manifested in
contemptuous and overbearing treatment of others; arrogant contempt;
brutal imprudence.
Flown with insolence and wine. Milton.

3. Insolent conduct or treatment; insult.
Loaded with fetters and insolences from the soldiers. Fuller.

INSOLENCE
In"so*lence, v. t.

Defn: To insult. [Obs.] Eikon Basilike.

INSOLENCY
In"so*len*cy, n.

Defn: Insolence. [R.] Evelyn.

INSOLENT
In"so*lent, a. Etym: [F. insolent, L. insolens, -entis, pref. in- not
+ solens accustomed, p. pr. of solere to be accustomed.]

1. Deviating from that which is customary; novel; strange; unusual.
[Obs.]
If one chance to derive any word from the Latin which is insolent to
their ears . . . they forth with make a jest at it. Petti
If any should accuse me of being new or insolent. Milton.

2. Haughty and contemptuous or brutal in behavior or language;
overbearing; domineering; grossly rude or disrespectful; saucy; as,
an insolent master; an insolent servant. "A paltry, insolent fellow."
Shak.
Insolent is he that despiseth in his judgment all other folks as in
regard of his value, of his cunning, of his speaking, and of his
bearing. Chaucer.
Can you not see or will ye not observe . . . How insolent of late he
is become, How proud, how peremptory Shak.

3. Proceeding from or characterized by insolence; insulting; as,
insolent words or behavior.
Their insolent triumph excited . . . indignation. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Overbearing; insulting; abusive; offensive; saucy; impudent;
audacious; pert; impertinent; rude; reproachful; opprobrious.
 -- Insolent, Insulting. Insolent, in its primitive sense, simply
denoted unusual; and to act insolently was to act in violation of the
established rules of social intercourse. He who did this was
insolent; and thus the word became one of the most offensive in our
language, indicating gross disregard for the feelings of others.
Insulting denotes a personal attack, either in words or actions,
indicative either of scorn or triumph. Compare Impertinent, Affront,
Impudence.

INSOLENTLY
In"so*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an insolent manner.

INSOLIDITY
In`so*lid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + solidity: cf. F.
insolidité.]

Defn: Want of solidity; weakness; as, the insolidity of an argument.
[R.] Dr. H. More.

INSOLUBILITY
In*sol`u*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. insolubilitas: cf. F. insolubilité.]

1. The quality or state of being insoluble or not dissolvable, as in
a fluid.

2. The quality of being inexplicable or insolvable.

INSOLUBLE
In*sol"u*ble, a. Etym: [L. insolubilis indissoluble, that can not be
loosed: cf. F. insoluble. See In- not, and Soluble, and cf.
Insolvable.]

1. Not soluble; in capable or difficult of being dissolved, as by a
liquid; as, chalk is insoluble in water.

2. Not to be solved or explained; insolvable; as, an insoluble doubt,
question, or difficulty.

3. Strong. "An insoluble wall." [Obs.] Holland

INSOLUBLENESS
In*sol"u*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being insoluble; insolubility. Boyle.

INSOLVABLE
In*solv"a*ble, a.

1. Not solvable; insoluble; admitting no solution or explanation; as,
an insolvable problem or difficulty. I. Watts.

2. Incapable of being paid or discharged, as debts.

3. Not capable of being loosed or disentangled; inextricable. "Bands
insolvable." Pope.

INSOLVENCY
In*sol"ven*cy, n.; pl. Insolvencies (. (Law)
(a) The condition of being insolvent; the state or condition of a
person who is insolvent; the condition of one who is unable to pay
his debts as they fall due, or in the usual course of trade and
business; as, a merchant's insolvency.
(b) Insufficiency to discharge all debts of the owner; as, the
insolvency of an estate. Act of insolvency. See Insolvent law under
Insolvent, a.

INSOLVENT
In*sol"vent, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + solvent: cf. OF. insolvent.]
(Law)
(a) Not solvent; not having sufficient estate to pay one's debts;
unable to pay one's debts as they fall due, in the ordinary course of
trade and business; as, in insolvent debtor.
(b) Not sufficient to pay all the debts of the owner; as, an
insolvent estate.
(c) Relating to persons unable to pay their debts. Insolvent law, or
Act of insolvency, a law affording relief, -- subject to various
modifications in different States, -- to insolvent debtors, upon
their delivering up their property for the benefit of their
creditors. See Bankrupt law, under Bankrupt, a.

INSOLVENT
In*sol"vent, n. (Law)

Defn: One who is insolvent; as insolvent debtor; -- in England,
before 1861, especially applied to persons not traders. Bouvier.

INSOMNIA
In*som"ni*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. insomnis sleepless; pref. in- not +
somnus sleep.]

Defn: Want of sleep; inability to sleep; wakefulness; sleeplessness.

INSOMNIOUS
In*som"ni*ous, a. Etym: [L. insomniosus, fr. insomnia insomnia.]

Defn: Restless; sleepless. Blount.

INSOMNOLENCE
In*som"no*lence, n.

Defn: Sleeplessness.

INSOMUCH
In`so*much", adv.

Defn: So; to such a degree; in such wise; -- followed by that or as,
and formerly sometimes by both. Cf. Inasmuch.
Insomusch as that field is called . . . Aceldama. Acts i. 19.
Simonides was an excellent poet, insomuch that he made his fortune by
it. L'Estrange.

INSONOROUS
In`so*no"rous, a.

Defn: Not clear or melodious.

INSOOTH
In*sooth", adv.

Defn: In sooth; truly. [Archaic]

INSOUCIANCE
In`sou`ciance", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Carelessness; heedlessness; thoughtlessness; unconcern.

INSOUCIANT
In`sou`ciant", a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Careless; heedless; indifferent; unconcerned. J. S. Mill.

INSOUL
In*soul", v. t.

Defn: To set a soul in; reflexively, to fix one's strongest
affections on. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
[He] could not but insoul himself in her. Feltham.

INSPAN
In*span", v. t. & i. Etym: [D. inspannen.]

Defn: To yoke or harness, as oxen to a vehicle. [South Africa]

INSPECT
In*spect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inspected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inspecting.] Etym: [L. inspectus, p. p. of inspicere to inspect;
pref. in- in + specere to look at, to view: cf. F. inspecter, fr. L.
inspectare, freq. fr. inspicere. See Spy.]

1. To look upon; to view closely and critically, esp. in order to
ascertain quality or condition, to detect errors, etc., to examine;
to scrutinize; to investigate; as, to inspect conduct.

2. To view and examine officially, as troops, arms, goods offered,
work done for the public, etc.; to oversee; to superintend. Sir W.
Temple.

INSPECT
In*spect", n. Etym: [L. inspectus. See Inspect, v. t.]

Defn: Inspection. [Obs.] Thomson.

INSPECTION
In*spec"tion, n. Etym: [L. inspectio: cf. F. inspection.]

1. The act or process of inspecting or looking at carefully; a strict
or prying examination; close or careful scrutiny; investigation.
Spenser.
With narrow search, and with inspection deep, Considered every
creature. Milton.

2. The act of overseeing; official examination or superintendence.
Trial by inspection (O. Eng. Law), a mode of trial in which the case
was settled by the individual observation and decision of the judge
upon the testimony of his own senses, without the intervention of a
jury. Abbott.

INSPECTIVE
In*spect"ive, a. Etym: [L. inspectivus.]

Defn: Engaged in inspection; inspecting; involving inspection.

INSPECTOR
In*spect"or, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. inspecteur.]

Defn: One who inspects, views, or oversees; one to whom the
supervision of any work is committed; one who makes an official view
or examination, as a military or civil officer; a superintendent; a
supervisor; an overseer. Inspector general (Mil.), a staff officer of
an army, whose duties are those of inspection, and embrace everything
relative to organization, recruiting, discharge, administration,
accountability for money and property, instruction, police, and
discipline.

INSPECTORATE
In*spect"or*ate, n.

Defn: Inspectorship. [R.]

INSPECTORIAL
In`spec*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an inspector or to inspection. [R.]

INSPECTORSHIP
In*spect"or*ship, n.

1. The office of an inspector.

2. The district embraced by an inspector's jurisdiction.

INSPECTRESS
In*spect"ress, n.

Defn: A female inspector.

INSPERSE
In*sperse", v. t. Etym: [L. inspersus, p. p. of inspergere to
sprinkle upon; pref. in- in, on + spargere to sprinkle.]

Defn: To sprinkle; to scatter. [Obs.] Bailey.

INSPERSION
In*sper"sion, n. Etym: [L. inspersio.]

Defn: The act of sprinkling. [Obs.] Chapman.

INSPEXIMUS
In*spex"i*mus, n. Etym: [L., we have inspected.]

Defn: The first word of ancient charters in England, confirming a
grant made by a former king; hence, a royal grant.

INSPHERE
In*sphere", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insphered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Insphering.] Etym: [Cf. Ensphere.]

Defn: To place in, or as in, an orb a sphere. Cf. Ensphere.
Bright aërial spirits live insphered In regions mild of calm and
serene air. Milton.

INSPIRABLE
In*spir"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being inspired or drawn into the lungs; inhalable;
respirable; admitting inspiration. Harvey.

INSPIRATION
In`spi*ra"tion, n. Etym: [F. inspiration, L. inspiratio. See
Inspire.]

1. The act of inspiring or breathing in; breath; specif. (Physiol.),
the drawing of air into the lungs, accomplished in mammals by
elevation of the chest walls and flattening of the diaphragm; -- the
opposite of expiration.

2. The act or power of exercising an elevating or stimulating
influence upon the intellect or emotions; the result of such
influence which quickens or stimulates; as, the inspiration of
occasion, of art, etc.
Your father was ever virtuous, and holy men at their death have good
inspirations. Shak.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: A supernatural divine influence on the prophets, apostles, or
sacred writers, by which they were qualified to communicate moral or
religious truth with authority; a supernatural influence which
qualifies men to receive and communicate divine truth; also, the
truth communicated.
All Scripture is given by inspiration of God. 2 Tim. iii. 16.
The age which we now live in is not an age of inspiration and
impulses. Sharp.
Plenary inspiration (Theol.), that kind of inspiration which excludes
all defect in the utterance of the inspired message.
 -- Verbal inspiration (Theol.), that kind of inspiration which
extends to the very words and forms of expression of the divine
message.

INSPIRATIONAL
In`spi*ra"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to inspiration.

INSPIRATIONIST
In`spi*ra"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who holds to inspiration.

INSPIRATOR
In"spi*ra`tor, n. (Mach.)

Defn: A kind of injector for forcing water by steam. See Injector,
n., 2.

INSPIRATORY
In*spir"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or aiding, inspiration; as, the inspiratory
muscles.

INSPIRE
In*spire", v. t. Etym: [OE. enspiren, OF. enspirer, inspirer, F.
inspirer, fr. L. inspirare; pref. in- in + spirare to breathe. See
Spirit.]

1. To breathe into; to fill with the breath; to animate.
When Zephirus eek, with his sweete breath, Inspirèd hath in every
holt and health The tender crops. Chaucer.
Descend, ye Nine, descend and sing, The breathing instruments
inspire. Pope.

2. To infuse by breathing, or as if by breathing.
He knew not his Maker, and him that inspired into him an active soul.
Wisdom xv. 11.

3. To draw in by the operation of breathing; to inhale; -- opposed to
expire.
Forced to inspire and expire the air with difficulty. Harvey.

4. To infuse into the mind; to communicate to the spirit; to convey,
as by a divine or supernatural influence; to disclose
preternaturally; to produce in, as by inspiration.
And generous stout courage did inspire. Spenser.
But dawning day new comfort hath inspired. Shak.

5. To infuse into; to affect, as with a superior or supernatural
influence; to fill with what animates, enlivens, or exalts; to
communicate inspiration to; as, to inspire a child with sentiments of
virtue.
Erato, thy poet's mind inspire, And fill his soul with thy celestial
fire. Dryden.

INSPIRE
In*spire", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inspired; p. pr. & vb. n. Inspiring.]

1. To draw in breath; to inhale air into the lungs; -- opposed to
expire.

2. To breathe; to blow gently. [Obs.]
And when the wind amongst them did inspire, They wavèd like a penon
wide dispread. Spenser.

INSPIRED
In*spired", a.

1. Breathed in; inhaled.

2. Moved or animated by, or as by, a supernatural influence; affected
by divine inspiration; as, the inspired prophets; the inspired
writers.

3. Communicated or given as by supernatural or divine inspiration;
having divine authority; hence, sacred, holy; -- opposed to
uninspired, profane, or secular; as, the inspired writings, that is,
the Scriptures.

INSPIRER
In*spir"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, inspirer. "Inspirer of that holy
flame." Cowper.

INSPIRING
In*spir"ing, a.

Defn: Animating; cheering; moving; exhilarating; as, an inspiring or
scene.

INSPIRIT
In*spir"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inspirited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inspiriting.]

Defn: To infuse new life or spirit into; to animate; to encourage; to
invigorate.
The courage of Agamemnon is inspirited by the love of empire and
ambition. Pope.

Syn.
 -- To enliven; invigorate; exhilarate; animate; cheer; encourage;
inspire.

INSPISSATE
In*spis"sate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inspissated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inspissating.] Etym: [L. inspissatus, p. p. of inspissare to thicken;
pref. in- + spissare to thicken, fr. spissus thick.]

Defn: To thicken or bring to greater consistence, as fluids by
evaporation.

INSPISSATE
In*spis"sate, a. Etym: [L. inspissatus, p. p.]

Defn: Thick or thickened; inspissated. Greenhill.

INSPISSATION
In`spis*sa"tion, n.

Defn: The act or the process of inspissating, or thickening a fluid
substance, as by evaporation; also, the state of being so thickened.

INSTABILITY
In`sta*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Instabilities. Etym: [L. instabilitas: cf.
F. instabilité.]

1. The quality or condition of being unstable; want of stability,
firmness, or steadiness; liability to give way or to fail;
insecurity; precariousness; as, the instability of a building.

2. Lack of determination of fixedness; inconstancy; fickleness;
mutability; changeableness; as, instability of character, temper,
custom, etc. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Inconstancy; fickleness; changeableness; wavering; unsteadiness;
unstableness.

INSTABLE
In*sta"ble, a. Etym: [L. instabilis: cf. F. instable. See In- not,
and Stable, a., and cf. Unstable.]

Defn: Not stable; not standing fast or firm; unstable; prone to
change or recede from a purpose; mutable; inconstant.

INSTABLENESS
In*sta"ble*ness, n.

Defn: Instability; unstableness.

INSTALL
In*stall", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Installed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Installing.] Etym: [F. installer, LL. installare, fr. pref. in- in +
OHG. stal a place, stall, G. stall, akin to E. stall: cf. It.
installare. See Stall.] [Written also instal.]

1. To set in a seat; to give a place to; establish (one) in a place.
She installed her guest hospitably by the fireside. Sir W. Scott.

2. To place in an office, rank, or order; to invest with any charge
by the usual ceremonies; to instate; to induct; as, to install an
ordained minister as pastor of a church; to install a college
president.
Unworthily Thou wast installed in that high degree. Shak.

INSTALLATION
In`stal*la"tion, n. Etym: [F. installation, LL. installatio: cf. It.
installazione. See Install.]

1. The act of installing or giving possession of an office, rank, or
order, with the usual rites or ceremonies; as, the installation of an
ordained minister in a parish.
On the election, the bishop gives a mandate for his installation.
Ayliffe.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: The whole of a system of machines, apparatus, and accessories,
when set up and arranged for practical working, as in electric
lighting, transmission of power, etc.

INSTALLMENT
In*stall"ment, n. Etym: [Written also instalment.]

1. The act of installing; installation.
Take oaths from all kings and magistrates at their installment, to do
impartial justice by law. Milton.

2. The seat in which one is placed. [Obs.]
The several chairs of order, look, you scour; . . . Each fair
installment, coat, and several crest With loyal blazon, evermore be
blest. Shak.

3. A portion of a debt, or sum of money, which is divided into
portions that are made payable at different times. Payment by
installment is payment by parts at different times, the amounts and
times being often definitely stipulated. Bouvier.

INSTAMP
In*stamp", v. t.

Defn: See Enstamp.

INSTANCE
In"stance, n. Etym: [F. instance, L. instantia, fr. instans. See
Instant.]

1. The act or quality of being instant or pressing; urgency;
solicitation; application; suggestion; motion.
Undertook at her instance to restore them. Sir W. Scott.

2. That which is instant or urgent; motive. [Obs.]
The instances that second marriage move Are base respects of thrift,
but none of love. Shak.

3. Occasion; order of occurrence.
These seem as if, in the time of Edward I., they were drawn up into
the form of a law, in the first instance. Sir M. Hale.

4. That which offers itself or is offered as an illustrative case;
something cited in proof or exemplification; a case occurring; an
example.
Most remarkable instances of suffering. Atterbury.

5. A token; a sign; a symptom or indication. Shak. Causes of
instance, those which proceed at the solicitation of some party.
Hallifax.
 -- Court of first instance, the court by which a case is first
tried.
 -- For instance, by way of example or illustration.
 -- Instance Court (Law), the Court of Admiralty acting within its
ordinary jurisdiction, as distinguished from its action as a prize
court.

Syn.
 -- Example; case. See Example.

INSTANCE
In"stance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instanced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Instancing.]

Defn: To mention as a case or example; to refer to; to cite; as, to
instance a fact. H. Spenser.
I shall not instance an abstruse author. Milton.

INSTANCE
In"stance, v. i.

Defn: To give an example. [Obs.]
This story doth not only instance in kingdoms, but in families too.
Jer. Taylor.

INSTANCY
In"stan*cy, n.

Defn: Instance; urgency. [Obs.]
Those heavenly precepts which our Lord and Savior with so great
instancy gave. Hooker.

INSTANT
In"stant, a. Etym: [L. instans, -antis, p. pr. of instare to stand
upon, to press upon; pref. in- in, on + stare to stand: cf. F. in.
See Stand.]

1. Pressing; urgent; importunate; earnest.
Rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation; continuing instant in
prayer. Rom. xii. 12.
I am beginning to be very instant for some sort of occupation.
Carlyle.

2. Closely pressing or impending in respect to time; not deferred;
immediate; without delay.
Impending death is thine, and instant doom. Prior.

3. Present; current.
The instant time is always the fittest time. Fuller.

Note: The word in this sense is now used only in dates, to indicate
the current month; as, the tenth of July instant.

INSTANT
In"stant, adv.

Defn: Instantly. [Poetic]
Instant he flew with hospitable haste. Pope.

INSTANT
In"stant, n. Etym: [F. instant, fr. L. instans standing by, being
near, present. See Instant, a.]

1. A point in duration; a moment; a portion of time too short to be
estimated; also, any particular moment.
There is scarce an instant between their flourishing and their not
being. Hooker.

2. A day of the present or current month; as, the sixth instant; --
an elliptical expression equivalent to the sixth of the month
instant, i. e., the current month. See Instant, a., 3.

Syn.
 -- Moment; flash; second.

INSTANTANEITY
In*stan`ta*ne"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. instantanéité.]

Defn: Quality of being instantaneous. Shenstone.

INSTANTANEOUS
In`stan*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. instantané.]

1. Done or occurring in an instant, or without any perceptible
duration of time; as, the passage of electricity appears to be
instantaneous.
His reason saw With instantaneous view, the truth of things. Thomson.

2. At or during a given instant; as, instantaneous acceleration,
velocity, etc. Instantaneous center of rotation (Kinematics), in a
plane or in a plane figure which has motions both of translation and
of rotation in the plane, is the point which for the instant is at
rest.
 -- Instantaneous axis of rotation (Kinematics), in a body which has
motions both of translation and rotation, is a line, which is
supposed to be rigidly united with the body, and which for the
instant is at rest. The motion of the body is for the instant simply
that of rotation about the instantaneous axis.
 -- In`stan*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv.
 -- In`stan*ta"ne*ous*ness, n.

INSTANTER
In*stan"ter, adv. Etym: [L., vehemently, earnestly. See Instant, n. &
a.]

Defn: Immediately; instantly; at once; as, he left instanter.

INSTANTLY
In"stant*ly, adv.

1. Without the least delay or interval; at once; immediately.
Macaulay.

2. With urgency or importunity; earnestly; pressingly. "They besought
him instantly." Luke vii. 4.

Syn.
 -- Directly; immediately; at once. See Directly.

INSTAR
In*star", v. t.

Defn: To stud as with stars. [R.] "A golden throne instarred with
gems." J. Barlow.

INSTATE
In*state", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instated; p. pr. & vb. n. Instating.]

Defn: To set, place, or establish, as in a rank, office, or
condition; to install; to invest; as, to instate a person in
greatness or in favor. Shak.

INSTAURATE
In*stau"rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instaurated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Instaurating.] Etym: [L. instauratus, p. p. of instaurare to renew.
See 1st In-, and Store.]

Defn: To renew or renovate. [R.]

INSTAURATION
In`stau*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. instauratio: cf. F. instauration.]

Defn: Restoration after decay, lapse, or dilapidation; renewal;
repair; renovation; renaissance.
Some great catastrophe or . . . instauration. T. Burnet.

INSTAURATOR
In"stau*ra`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. instaurateur.]

Defn: One who renews or restores to a former condition. [R.] Dr. H.
More.

INSTAURE
In*staure", v. t. Etym: [See Instaurate.]

Defn: To renew or renovate; to instaurate. [Obs.] Marston.

INSTEAD
In*stead", adv. Etym: [Pref. in- + stead place.]

1. In the place or room; -- usually followed by of.
Let thistles grow of wheat. Job xxxi. 40.
Absalom made Amasa captain of the host instead of Joab. 2 Sam. xvii.
25.

2. Equivalent; equal to; -- usually with of. [R.]
This very consideration to a wise man is instead of a thousand
arguments, to satisfy him, that in those times no such thing was
believed. Tillotson.

INSTEEP
In*steep", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insteeped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Insteeping.]

Defn: To steep or soak; to drench. [R.] "In gore he lay insteeped."
Shak.

INSTEP
In"step, n. [Formerly also instop, instup.]

1. The arched middle portion of the human foot next in front of the
ankle joint.

2. That part of the hind leg of the horse and allied animals, between
the hock, or ham, and the pastern joint.

INSTIGATE
In"sti*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instigated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Instigating.] Etym: [L. instigatus, p. p. of instigare to instigate;
pref. in- in + a root akin to G. stechen to prick, E. stick. See
Stick.]

Defn: To goad or urge forward; to set on; to provoke; to incite; --
used chiefly with reference to evil actions; as to instigate one to a
crime.
He hath only instigated his blackest agents to the very extent of
their malignity. Bp. Warburton.

Syn.
 -- To stimulate; urge; spur; provoke; tempt; incite; impel;
encourage; animate.

INSTIGATINGLY
In"sti*ga`ting*ly, adv.

Defn: Incitingly; temptingly.

INSTIGATION
In`sti*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. instigatio: cf. F. instigation.]

Defn: The act of instigating, or the state of being instigated;
incitement; esp. to evil or wickedness.
The baseness and villainy that . . . the instigation of the devil
could bring the sons of men to. South.

INSTIGATOR
In"sti*ga`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. instigateur.]

Defn: One who instigates or incites. Burke.

INSTILL
In*still", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instilled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Instilling.] Etym: [L. instillare, instillatum; pref. in- in +
stillare to drop, fr. stilla a drop: cf. F. instiller. See Distill.]
[Written also instil.]

Defn: To drop in; to pour in drop by drop; hence, to impart
gradually; to infuse slowly; to cause to be imbibed.
That starlight dews All silently their tears of love instill. Byron.
How hast thou instilled Thy malice into thousands. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To infuse; impart; inspire; implant; inculcate; insinuate.

INSTILLATION
In`stil*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. instillatio: cf. F. instillation.]

Defn: The of instilling; also, that which is instilled. Johnson.

INSTILLATOR
In"stil*la`tor, n.

Defn: An instiller. [R.]

INSTILLATORY
In*stil"la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Belonging to instillation. [R.]

INSTILLER
In*still"er, n.

Defn: One who instills. Skelton.

INSTILLMENT
In*still"ment, n.

Defn: The act of instilling; also, that which is instilled. [Written
also instilment.]

INSTIMULATE
In*stim"u*late, v. t. Etym: [Pref. in- not + stimulate.]

Defn: Not to stimulate; to soothe; to quiet. [Obs.] Cheyne.

INSTIMULATE
In*stim"u*late, v. t. Etym: [L. instimulatus, p. p. instimulare to
stimulate. See 1st In-, and Stimulate.]

Defn: To stimulate; to excite. [Obs.] Cockerman.

INSTIMULATION
In*stim`u*la"tion, n.

Defn: Stimulation.

INSTINCT
In*stinct", a. Etym: [L. instinctus, p. p. of instinguere to
instigate, incite; cf. instigare to instigate. Cf. Instigate,
Distinguish.]

Defn: Urged or sas, birds instinct with life.
The chariot of paternal deity . . . Itself instinct with spirit, but
convoyed By four cherubic shapes. Milton.
A noble performance, instinct with sound principle. Brougham.

INSTINCT
In"stinct, n. Etym: [L. instinctus instigation, impulse, fr.
instinguere to instigate: cf. F. instinct. See Instinct, a.]

1. Natural inward impulse; unconscious, involuntary, or unreasoning
prompting to any mode of action, whether bodily, or mental, without a
distinct apprehension of the end or object to be accomplished.
An instinct is a propensity prior to experience, and independent of
instructions. Paley.
An instinct is a blind tendency to some mode of action, independent
of any consideration, on the part of the agent, of the end to which
the action leads. Whately.
An instinct is an agent which performs blindly and ignorantly a work
of intelligence and knowledge. Sir W. Hamilton.
By a divine instinct, men's minds mistrust Ensuing dangers. Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Specif., the natural, unreasoning, impulse by which an animal
is guided to the performance of any action, without of improvement in
the method.
The resemblance between what originally was a habit, and an instinct
becomes so close as not to be distinguished. Darwin.

3. A natural aptitude or knack; a predilection; as, an instinct for
order; to be modest by instinct.

INSTINCT
In*stinct", v. t.

Defn: To impress, as an animating power, or instinct. [Obs.] Bentley.

INSTINCTION
In*stinc"tion, n.

Defn: Instinct; incitement; inspiration. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

INSTINCTIVE
In*stinc"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. instinctif.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to instinct; derived from, or prompted by,
instinct; of the nature of instinct; determined by natural impulse or
propensity; acting or produced without reasoning, deliberation,
instruction, or experience; spontaneous. "Instinctive motion."
Milton. "Instinctive dread." Cowper.
With taste instinctive give Each grace appropriate. Mason.
Have we had instinctive intimations of the death of some absent
friends Bp. Hall.

Note: The terms instinctive belief, instinctive judgment, instinctive
cognition, are expressions not ill adapted to characterize a belief,
judgment, or cognition, which, as the result of no anterior
consciousness, is, like the products of animal instinct, the
intelligent effect of (as far as we are concerned) an unknown cause.
Sir H. Hamilton.

Syn.
 -- Natural; voluntary; spontaneous; original; innate; inherent;
automatic.

INSTINCTIVELY
In*stinc"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an instinctive manner; by force of instinct; by natural
impulse.

INSTINCTIVITY
In`stinc*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being instinctive, or prompted by instinct. [R.]
Coleridge.

INSTIPULATE
In*stip"u*late, a.

Defn: See Exstipulate.

INSTITUTE
In"sti*tute, p. a. Etym: [L. institutus, p. p. of instituere to place
in, to institute, to instruct; pref. in- in + statuere to cause to
stand, to set. See Statute.]

Defn: Established; organized; founded. [Obs.]
They have but few laws. For to a people so instruct and institute,
very few to suffice. Robynson (More's Utopia).

INSTITUTE
In"sti*tute, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instituted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Instituting.]

1. To set up; to establish; to ordain; as, to institute laws, rules,
etc.

2. To originate and establish; to found; to organize; as, to
institute a court, or a society.
Whenever any from of government becomes destructive of these ends it
is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to
institute a new government. Jefferson (Decl. of Indep. ).

3. To nominate; to appoint. [Obs.]
We institute your Grace To be our regent in these parts of France.
Shak.

4. To begin; to commence; to set on foot; as, to institute an
inquiry; to institute a suit.
And haply institute A course of learning and ingenious studies. Shak.

5. To ground or establish in principles and rudiments; to educate; to
instruct. [Obs.]
If children were early instituted, knowledge would insensibly
insinuate itself. Dr. H. More.

6. (Eccl. Law)

Defn: To invest with the spiritual charge of a benefice, or the care
of souls. Blackstone.

Syn.
 -- To originate; begin; commence; establish; found; erect; organize;
appoint; ordain.

INSTITUTE
In"sti*tute, n. Etym: [L. institutum: cf. F. institut. See Institute,
v. t. & a.]

1. The act of instituting; institution. [Obs.] "Water sanctified by
Christ's institute." Milton.

2. That which is instituted, established, or fixed, as a law, habit,
or custom. Glover.

3. Hence: An elementary and necessary principle; a precept, maxim, or
rule, recognized as established and authoritative; usually in the
plural, a collection of such principles and precepts; esp., a
comprehensive summary of legal principles and decisions; as, the
Institutes of Justinian; Coke's Institutes of the Laws of England.
Cf. Digest, n.
They made a sort of institute and digest of anarchy. Burke.
To make the Stoics' institutes thy own. Dryden.

4. An institution; a society established for the promotion of
learning, art, science, etc.; a college; as, the Institute of
Technology; also, a building owned or occupied by such an institute;
as, the Cooper Institute.

5. (Scots Law)

Defn: The person to whom an estate is first given by destination or
limitation. Tomlins. Institutes of medicine, theoretical medicine;
that department of medical science which attempts to account
philosophically for the various phenomena of health as well as of
disease; physiology applied to the practice of medicine. Dunglison.

INSTITUTER
In"sti*tu`ter, n.

Defn: An institutor. [R.]

INSTITUTION
In`sti*tu"tion, n. Etym: [L. institutio: cf. F. institution.]

1. The act or process of instituting; as: (a) Establishment;
foundation; enactment; as, the institution of a school.
The institution of God's law is described as being established by
solemn injunction. Hooker.

(b) Instruction; education. [Obs.] Bentley.
(c) (Eccl. Law) The act or ceremony of investing a clergyman with the
spiritual part of a benefice, by which the care of souls is committed
to his charge. Blackstone.

2. That which instituted or established; as:
(a) Established order, method, or custom; enactment; ordinance;
permanent form of law or polity.
The nature of our people, Our city's institutions. Shak.

(b) An established or organized society or corporation; an
establishment, especially of a public character, or affecting a
community; a foundation; as, a literary institution; a charitable
institution; also, a building or the buildings occupied or used by
such organization; as, the Smithsonian Institution.
(c) Anything forming a characteristic and persistent feature in
social or national life or habits.
We ordered a lunch (the most delightful of English institutions, next
to dinner) to be ready against our return. Hawthorne.

3. That which institutes or instructs; a textbook; a system of
elements or rules; an institute. [Obs.]
There is another manuscript, of above three hundred years old, . . .
being an institution of physic. Evelyn.

INSTITUTIONAL
In`sti*tu"tion*al, a.

1. Pertaining to, or treating of, institutions; as, institutional
legends.
Institutional writers as Rousseau. J. S. Mill.

2. Instituted by authority.

3. Elementary; rudimental.

INSTITUTIONARY
In`sti*tu"tion*a*ry, a.

1. Relating to an institution, or institutions.

2. Containing the first principles or doctrines; elemental;
rudimentary.

INSTITUTIST
In"sti*tu`tist, n.

Defn: A writer or compiler of, or a commentator on, institutes. [R.]
Harvey.

INSTITUTIVE
In"sti*tu`tive, a.

1. Tending or intended to institute; having the power to establish.
Barrow.

2. Established; depending on, or characterized by, institution or
order. "Institutive decency." Milton.

INSTITUTIVELY
In"sti*tu`tive*ly adv.

Defn: In conformity with an institution. Harrington.

INSTITUTOR
In"sti*tu`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. instituteur.]

1. One who institutes, founds, ordains, or establishes.

2. One who educates; an instructor. [Obs.] Walker.

3. (Episcopal Church)

Defn: A presbyter appointed by the bishop to institute a rector or
assistant minister over a parish church.

INSTOP
In*stop", v. t.

Defn: To stop; to close; to make fast; as, to instop the seams.
[Obs.] Dryden.

INSTORE
In*store", v. t. Etym: [See Instaurate, Store.]

Defn: To store up; to inclose; to contain. [Obs.] Wyclif.

INSTRATIFIED
In*strat"i*fied, a.

Defn: Interstratified.

INSTROKE
In"stroke`, n.

Defn: An inward stroke; specif., in a steam or other engine, a stroke
in which the piston is moving away from the crank shaft; -- opposed
to outstroke.

INSTRUCT
In*struct", a. Etym: [L. instructus, p. p. of instruere to furnish,
provide, construct, instruct; pref. in- in, struere. See Structure.]

1. Arranged; furnished; provided. [Obs.] "He had neither ship
instruct with oars, nor men." Chapman.

2. Instructed; taught; enlightened. [Obs.] Milton.

INSTRUCT
In*struct", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instructed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Instructing.]

1. To put in order; to form; to prepare. [Obs.]
They speak to the merits of a cause, after the proctor has prepared
and instructed the same for a hearing. Ayliffe.

2. To form by communication of knowledge; to inform the mind of; to
impart knowledge or information to; to enlighten; to teach; to
discipline.
Schoolmasters will I keep within my house, Fit to instruct her youth.
Shak.

3. To furnish with directions; to advise; to direct; to command; as,
the judge instructs the jury.
She, being before instructed of her mother, said, Give me here John
Baptist's head in a charger. Matt. xiv. 8.
Take her in; instruct her what she has to do. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To teach; educate; inform; train; discipline; indoctrinate;
direct; enjoin.

INSTRUCTER
In*struct"er, n.

Defn: See Instructor.

INSTRUCTIBLE
In*struct"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being instructed; teachable; docible. Bacon.

INSTRUCTION
In*struc"tion, n. Etym: [L. instructio: cf. F. instruction.]

1. The act of instructing, teaching, or furnishing with knowledge;
information.

2. That which instructs, or with which one is instructed; the
intelligence or information imparted; as: (a) Precept; information;
teachings. (b) Direction; order; command. "If my instructions may be
your guide." Shak.

Syn.
 -- Education; teaching; indoctrination; information; advice;
counsel. See Education.

INSTRUCTIONAL
In*struc"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or promoting, instruction; educational.

INSTRUCTIVE
In*struct"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. instructif.]

Defn: Conveying knowledge; serving to instruct or inform; as,
experience furnishes very instructive lessons. Addison.
In various talk the instructive hours they past. Pope.
-- In*struct"ive*ly, adv.
 -- In*struct"ive*ness, n.
The pregnant instructiveness of the Scripture. Boyle.

INSTRUCTOR
In*struct"or, n. Etym: [L., a preparer: cf. F. instructeur.] [Written
also instructer.]

Defn: One who instructs; one who imparts knowledge to another; a
teacher.

INSTRUCTRESS
In*struct"ress, n.

Defn: A woman who instructs; a preceptress; a governess. Johnson.

INSTRUMENT
In"stru*ment, n. Etym: [F. instrument, L. instrumentum. See
Instruct.]

1. That by means of which any work is performed, or result is
effected; a tool; a utensil; an implement; as, the instruments of a
mechanic; astronomical instruments.
All the lofty instruments of war. Shak.

2. A contrivance or implement, by which musical sounds are produced;
as, a musical instrument.
Praise him with stringed instruments and organs. Ps. cl. 4.
But signs when songs and instruments he hears. Dryden.

3. (Law)

Defn: A writing, as the means of giving formal expression to some
act; a writing expressive of some act, contract, process, as a deed,
contract, writ, etc. Burrill.

4. One who, or that which, is made a means, or is caused to serve a
purpose; a medium, means, or agent.
Or useful serving man and instrument, To any sovereign state. Shak.
The bold are but the instruments of the wise. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Tool; implement; utensil; machine; apparatus; channel; agent.

INSTRUMENT
In"stru*ment, v. t.

Defn: To perform upon an instrument; to prepare for an instrument;
as, a sonata instrumented for orchestra.

INSTRUMENTAL
In`stru*men"tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. instrumental.]

1. Acting as an instrument; serving as a means; contributing to
promote; conductive; helpful; serviceable; as, he was instrumental in
conducting the business.
The head is not more native to the heart, The hand more instrumental
to the mouth. Shak.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Pertaining to, made by, or prepared for, an instrument, esp. a
musical instrument; as, instrumental music, distinguished from vocal
music. "He defended the use of instrumental music in public worship."
Macaulay.
Sweet voices mix'd with instrumental sounds. Dryden.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: Applied to a case expressing means or agency; as, the
instrumental case. This is found in Sanskrit as a separate case, but
in Greek it was merged into the dative, and in Latin into the
ablative. In Old English it was a separate case, but has disappeared,
leaving only a few anomalous forms. Instrumental errors, those errors
in instrumental measurements, etc., which arise, exclusively from
want of mathematical accuracy in an instrument.

INSTRUMENTALISM
In`stru*men"tal*ism, n. (Philos.)

Defn: The view that the sanction of truth is its utility, or that
truth is genuine only in so far as it is a valuable instrument. --
In`stru*men"tal*ist, n.

Instrumentalism views truth as simply the value belonging to certain
ideas in so far as these ideas are biological functions of our
organisms, and psychological functions whereby we direct our choices
and attain our successes.
Josiah Royce.

INSTRUMENTALIST
In`stru*men"tal*ist, n.

Defn: One who plays upon an instrument of music, as distinguished
from a vocalist.

INSTRUMENTALITY
In`stru*men*tal"i*ty, n.; pl. Instrumentalities (.

Defn: The quality or condition of being instrumental; that which is
instrumental; anything used as a means; medium; agency.
The instrumentality of faith in justification. Bp. Burnet.
The discovery of gunpowder developed the science of attack and
defense in a new instrumentality. J. H. Newman.

INSTRUMENTALLY
In`stru*men"tal*ly, adv.

1. By means of an instrument or agency; as means to an end. South.
They will argue that the end being essentially beneficial, the means
become instrumentally so. Burke.

2. With instruments of music; as, a song instrumentally accompanied.
Mason.

INSTRUMENTALNESS
In`stru*men"tal*ness, n.

Defn: Usefulness or agency, as means to an end; instrumentality. [R.]
Hammond.

INSTRUMENTARY
In`stru*men"ta*ry, a.

Defn: Instrumental. [R.]

INSTRUMENTATION
In`stru*men*ta"tion, n.

1. The act of using or adapting as an instrument; a series or
combination of instruments; means; agency.
Otherwise we have no sufficient instrumentation for our human use or
handling of so great a fact. H. Bushnell.

2. (Mus.)
(a) The arrangement of a musical composition for performance by a
number of different instruments; orchestration; instrumental
composition; composition for an orchestra or military band.
(b) The act or manner of playing upon musical instruments;
performance; as, his instrumentation is perfect.

INSTRUMENTIST
In"stru*men`tist, n.

Defn: A performer on a musical instrument; an instrumentalist.

INSTYLE
In*style", v. t.

Defn: To style. [Obs.] Crashaw.

INSUAVITY
In*suav"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. insuavitas: cf. F. insuavité. See In- not,
and Suavity.]

Defn: Want of suavity; unpleasantness. [Obs.] Burton.

INSUBJECTION
In`sub*jec"tion, n.

Defn: Want of subjection or obedience; a state of disobedience, as to
government.

INSUBMERGIBLE
In`sub*mer"gi*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being submerged; buoyant. [R.]

INSUBMISSION
In`sub*mis"sion, n.

Defn: Want of submission; disobedience; noncompliance.

INSUBORDINATE
In`sub*or"di*nate, a.

Defn: Not submitting to authority; disobedient; rebellious; mutinous

INSUBORDINATION
In`sub*or`di*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. insubordination.]

Defn: The quality of being insubordinate; disobedience to lawful
authority.

INSUBSTANTIAL
In`sub*stan"tial, a.

Defn: Unsubstantial; not real or strong. "Insubstantial pageant."
[R.] Shak.

INSUBSTANTIALITY
In`sub*stan`ti*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: Unsubstantiality; unreality. [R.]

INSUCCATION
In`suc*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. insucare, insucatum, to soak in; pref.
in- + succus, sucus, sap.]

Defn: The act of soaking or moistening; maceration; solution in the
juice of herbs. [Obs.] Coxe.
The medicating and insuccation of seeds. Evelyn.

INSUCCESS
In`suc*cess", n.

Defn: Want of success. [R.] Feltham.

INSUE
In*sue", v. i.

Defn: See Ensue, v. i.

INSUETUDE
In"sue*tude, n. Etym: [L. insuetudo, from insuetus unaccustomed;
pref. in- not + suetus, p. p. of suescere to be accustomed.]

Defn: The state or quality of being unaccustomed; absence of use or
habit.
Absurdities are great or small in proportion to custom or insuetude.
Landor.

INSUFFERABLE
In*suf"fer*a*ble, a.

1. Incapable of being suffered, borne, or endured; insupportable;
unendurable; intolerable; as, insufferable heat, cold, or pain;
insufferable wrongs. Locke.

2. Offensive beyond endurance; detestable.
A multitude of scribblers who daily pester the world with their
insufferable stuff. Dryden.

INSUFFERABLY
In*suf"fer*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a manner or to a degree beyond endurance; intolerably; as, a
blaze insufferably bright; a person insufferably proud.

INSUFFICIENCE
In`suf*fi"cience, n.

Defn: Insufficiency. Shak.

INSUFFICIENCY
In`suf*fi"cien*cy, n. Etym: [L. insufficientia: cf. F. insuffisance,
whence OE. insuffisance. See Insufficient.]

1. The quality or state of being insufficient; want of sufficiency;
deficiency; inadequateness; as, the insufficiency of provisions, of
an excuse, etc.
The insufficiency of the light of nature is, by the light of
Scripture, . . . fully supplied. Hooker.

2. Want of power or skill; inability; incapacity; incompetency; as,
the insufficiency of a man for an office.

INSUFFICIENT
In`suf*fi"cient, a. Etym: [L. insufficiens, -entis. See In- not, and
Sufficient.]

1. Not sufficient; not enough; inadequate to any need, use, or
purpose; as, the provisions are insufficient in quantity, and
defective in quality. "Insufficient for His praise." Cowper.

2. Wanting in strength, power, ability, capacity, or skill;
incompetent; incapable; unfit; as, a person insufficient to discharge
the duties of an office.

Syn.
 -- Inadequate; scanty; incommensurate; unequal; unfit; incompetent;
incapable; inefficient.

INSUFFICIENTLY
In`suf*fi"cient*ly, adv.

Defn: In an insufficient manner or degree; unadequately.

INSUFFLATE
In*suf"flate, a. [See Insufflation.]

Defn: To blow upon; to breath upon or into; to use insufflation upon.

INSUFFLATION
In`suf*fla"tion, n. Etym: [L. insuffatio: cf. F. insuffation. See In-
in, and Sufflation.]

Defn: The act of breathing on or into anything; especially:
(a) (R. C. Ch.) The breathing upon a person in the sacrament of
baptism to symbolize the inspiration of a new spiritual life.
(b) (Med.) The act of blowing (a gas, powder, or vapor) into any
cavity of the body.

INSUITABLE
In*suit"a*ble, a.

Defn: Unsuitable. [Obs.] -- In*suit`a*bil"i*ty, n. [Obs.]

INSULAR
In"su*lar, a. Etym: [L. insularis, fr. insula island: cf. F.
insulaire. See Isle.]

1. Of or pertaining to an island; of the nature, or possessing the
characteristics, of an island; as, an insular climate, fauna, etc.

2. Of or pertaining to the people of an island; narrow;
circumscribed; illiberal; contracted; as, insular habits, opinions,
or prejudices.
The penury of insular conversation. Johnson.

INSULAR
In"su*lar, n.

Defn: An islander. [R.] Berkeley.

INSULARITY
In`su*lar"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. insularité.]

1. The state or quality of being an island or consisting of islands;
insulation.
The insularity of Britain was first shown by Agricola, who sent his
fleet round it. Pinkerton.

2. Narrowness or illiberality of opinion; prejudice; exclusiveness;
as, the insularity of the Chinese or of the aristocracy.

INSULARLY
In"su*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In an insular manner.

INSULARY
In"su*la*ry, a.

Defn: Insular. [Obs.] Howell.

INSULATE
In"su*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Insulating.] Etym: [L. insulatus insulated, fr. insula island. See
Isle, and cf. Isolate.]

1. To make an island of. [Obs.] Pennant.

2. To place in a detached situation, or in a state having no
communication with surrounding objects; to isolate; to separate.

3. (Elec. & Thermotics)

Defn: To prevent the transfer o Insulating stool (Elec.), a stool
with legs of glass or some other nonconductor of electricity, used
for insulating a person or any object placed upon it.

INSULATED
In"su*la`ted, p. a.

1. Standing by itself; not being contiguous to other bodies;
separated; unconnected; isolated; as, an insulated house or column.
The special and insulated situation of the Jews. De Quincey.

2. (Elect. & Thermotics)

Defn: Separated from other bodies by means of nonconductors of heat
or electricity.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: Situated at so great a distance as to be beyond the effect of
gravitation; -- said of stars supposed to be so far apart that the
affect of their mutual attraction is insensible. C. A. Young.
Insulated wire, wire wound with silk, or covered with other
nonconducting material, for electrical use.

INSULATION
In`su*la"tion, n.

1. The act of insulating, or the state of being insulated; detachment
from other objects; isolation.

2. (Elec. & Thermotics)

Defn: The act of separating a body from others by nonconductors, so
as to prevent the transfer of electricity or of heat; also, the state
of a body so separated.

INSULATOR
In"su*la`tor, n.

1. One who, or that which, insulates.

2. (Elec. & Thermotics)

Defn: The substance or body that insulates; a nonconductor.

INSULITE
In"su*lite, n. (Elec.)

Defn: An insulating material, usually some variety of compressed
cellulose, made of sawdust, paper pulp, cotton waste, etc.

INSULOUS
In"su*lous, a. Etym: [L. insulosus, fr. insula island.]

Defn: Abounding in islands. [R.]

INSULSE
In*sulse", a. Etym: [L. insulsus; pref. in- not + salsus salted, fr.
salire, salsum, to salt.]

Defn: Insipid; dull; stupid. [Obs.] Milton.

INSULSITY
In*sul"si*ty, n. Etym: [L. insulsitas.]

Defn: Insipidity; stupidity; dullness. [Obs.]
The insulsity of mortal tongues. Milton.

INSULT
In"sult, n. Etym: [L. insultus, fr. insilire to leap upon: cf. F.
insulte. See Insult, v. t.]

1. The act of leaping on; onset; attack. [Obs.] Dryden.

2. Gross abuse offered to another, either by word or act; an act or
speech of insolence or contempt; an affront; an indignity.
The ruthless sneer that insult adds to grief. Savage.

Syn.
 -- Affront; indignity; abuse; outrage; contumely. See Affront.

INSULT
In*sult", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insulted; p. pr. & vb. n. Insulting.]
Etym: [F. insulter, L. insultare, freq. fr. insilire to leap into or
upon; pref. in- in, on + salire to leap. See Salient.]

1. To leap or trample upon; to make a sudden onset upon. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To treat with abuse, insolence, indignity, or contempt, by word or
action; to abuse; as, to call a man a coward or a liar, or to sneer
at him, is to insult him.

INSULT
In*sult", v. i.

1. To leap or jump.
Give me thy knife, I will insult on him. Shak.
Like the frogs in the apologue, insulting upon their wooden king.
Jer. Taylor.

2. To behave with insolence; to exult. [Archaic]
The lion being dead, even hares insult. Daniel.
An unwillingness to insult over their helpless fatuity. Landor.

INSULTABLE
In*sult"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being insulted or affronted. [R.] Emerson.

INSULTATION
In`sul*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. insultatio, fr. insultare: cf. OF.
insultation.]

1. The act of insulting; abusive or insolent treatment; insult.
[Obs.] Feltham.

2. Exultation. [Obs.] Is. xiv. (heading).

INSULTER
In*sult"er, n.

Defn: One who insults. Shak.

INSULTING
In*sult"ing, a.

Defn: Containing, or characterized by, insult or abuse; tending to
insult or affront; as, insulting language, treatment, etc.
 -- In*sult"ing*ly, adv.

Syn.
 -- Insolent; impertinent; saucy; rude; abusive; contemptuous. See
Insolent.

INSULTMENT
In*sult"ment, n.

Defn: Insolent treatment; insult. [Obs.] "My speech of insultment
ended." Shak.

INSUME
In*sume", v. t. Etym: [L. insumere; pre. in- in + sumere to take.]

Defn: To take in; to absorb. [Obs.]

INSUPERABILITY
In*su`per*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being insuperable; insuperableness.

INSUPERABLE
In*su"per*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. insuperabilis: cf. OF. insuperable. See
In- not, and Superable.]

Defn: Incapable of being passed over or surmounted; insurmountable;
as, insuperable difficulties.
And middle natures, how they long to join, Yet never pass the
insuperable line Pope.
The difficulty is enhanced, or is . . . insuperable. I. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- Impassable; insurmountable; unconquerable.
 -- In*su"per*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- In*su"per*a*bly, adv.

INSUPPORTABLE
In`sup*port"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. insupportabilis: cf. F.
insupportable. See In- not, and Support.]

Defn: Incapable of being supported or borne; unendurable;
insufferable; intolerable; as, insupportable burdens; insupportable
pain.
 -- In`sup*port"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- In`sup*port"a*bly, adv.

INSUPPOSABLE
In`sup*pos"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being supposed; not supposable; inconceivable.

INSUPPRESSIBLE
In`sup*press"i*ble, a.

Defn: That can not be suppressed or concealed; irrepressible. Young.
 -- In`sup*press"i*bly, adv.

INSUPPRESSIVE
In`sup*press"ive, a.

Defn: Insuppressible. [Obs.] "The insuppressive mettle of our
spirits." Shak.

INSURABLE
In*sur"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Insure.]

Defn: Capable of being insured against loss, damage, death, etc.;
proper to be insured.
The French law annuls the latter policies so far as they exceed the
insurable interest which remained in the insured at the time of the
subscription thereof. Walsh.

INSURANCE
In*sur"ance, n. Etym: [From Insure.]

1. The act of insuring, or assuring, against loss or damage by a
contingent event; a contract whereby, for a stipulated consideration,
called premium, one party undertakes to indemnify or guarantee
another against loss by certain specified risks. Cf. Assurance, n.,
6.

Note: The person who undertakes to pay in case of loss is termed the
insurer; the danger against which he undertakes, the risk; the person
protected, the insured; the sum which he pays for the protection, the
premium; and the contract itself, when reduced to form, the policy.
Johnson's Cyc.

2. The premium paid for insuring property or life.

3. The sum for which life or property is insured.

4. A guaranty, security, or pledge; assurance. [Obs.]
The most acceptable insurance of the divine protection. Mickle.
Accident insurance, insurance against pecuniary loss by reason of
accident to the person.
 -- Endowment insurance or assurance, a combination of life insurance
and investment such that if the person upon whose life a risk is
taken dies before a certain specified time the insurance becomes due
at once, and if he survives, it becomes due at the time specified.
 -- Fire insurance. See under Fire.
 -- Insurance broker, a broker or agent who effects insurance.
 -- Insurance company, a company or corporation whose business it is
to insure against loss, damage, or death.
 -- Insurance policy, a certificate of insurance; the document
containing the contract made by an insurance company with a person
whose property or life is insured.
 -- Life insurance. See under Life.

INSURANCER
In*sur"an*cer, n.

Defn: One who effects insurance; an insurer; an underwriter. [Obs.]
Dryden.
hose bold insurancers of deathless fame. Blair.

INSURANT
In*sur"ant, n.

Defn: The person insured. Champness.

INSURE
In"sure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insured; p. pr. & vb. n. Insuring.]
Etym: [OE. ensuren, prob. for assuren, by a change of prefix. See 1st
In-, and Sure, and cf. Assure, Ensure.] [Written also ensure.]

1. To make sure or secure; as, to insure safety to any one.

2. Specifically, to secure against a loss by a contingent event, on
certain stipulated conditions, or at a given rate or premium; to give
or to take an insurance on or for; as, a merchant insures his ship or
its cargo, or both, against the dangers of the sea; goods and
buildings are insured against fire or water; persons are insured
against sickness, accident, or death; and sometimes hazardous debts
are insured.

INSURE
In*sure", v. i.

Defn: To underwrite; to make insurance; as, a company insures at
three per cent.

INSURER
In*sur"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, insures; the person or company that
contracts to indemnify losses for a premium; an underwriter.

INSURGENCE; INSURGENCY
In*sur"gence, In*sur"gen*cy, n.

Defn: A state of insurrection; an uprising; an insurrection.
A moral insurgence in the minds of grave men against the Court of
Rome. G. Eliot.

INSURGENT
In*sur"gent, a. Etym: [L. insurgens, p. pr. of insurgere to rise up;
pref. in- in + surgere to rise. See Surge.]

Defn: Rising in opposition to civil or political authority, or
against an established government; insubordinate; rebellious. "The
insurgent provinces." Motley.

INSURGENT
In*sur"gent, n. Etym: [Cf. F. insurgent.]

Defn: A person who rises in revolt against civil authority or an
established government; one who openly and actively resists the
execution of laws; a rebel.

Syn.
 -- See Rebel.

INSURMOUNTABILITY
In`sur*mount`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being insurmountable.

INSURMOUNTABLE
In`sur*mount"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + surmountable: cf. F.
insurmountable.]

Defn: Incapable of being passed over, surmounted, or overcome;
insuperable; as, insurmountable difficulty or obstacle. Locke.
Hope thinks nothing difficult; despair tells us that difficulty is
insurmountable. I. Watts.

Syn.
 -- Insuperable; impassable; invincible.

INSURMOUNTABLENESS
In`sur*mount"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being insurmountable;
insurmountability.

INSURMOUNTABLY
In`sur*mount"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a manner or to a degree not to be overcome.

INSURRECTION
In`sur*rec"tion, n. Etym: [L. insurrectio, fr. insurgere,
insurrectum: cf. F. insurrection. See Insurgent.]

1. A rising against civil or political authority, or the established
government; open and active opposition to the execution of law in a
city or state.
It is found that this city of old time hath made insurrection against
kings, and that rebellion and sedition have been made therein. Ezra
iv. 19.

2. A rising in mass to oppose an enemy. [Obs.]

Syn.
 -- Insurrection, Sedition, Revolt, Rebellion, Mutiny. Sedition is
the raising of commotion in a state, as by conspiracy, without aiming
at open violence against the laws. Insurrection is a rising of
individuals to prevent the execution of law by force of arms. Revolt
is a casting off the authority of a government, with a view to put it
down by force, or to substitute one ruler for another. Rebellion is
an extended insurrection and revolt. Mutiny is an insurrection on a
small scale, as a mutiny of a regiment, or of a ship's crew.
I say again, In soothing them, we nourish 'gainst our senate The
cockle of rebellion, insolence, sedition. Shak.
Insurrections of base people are commonly more furious in their
beginnings. Bacon.
He was greatly strengthened, and the enemy as much enfeebled, by
daily revolts. Sir W. Raleigh.
Though of their names in heavenly records now Be no memorial, blotted
out and razed By their rebellion from the books of life. Milton.

INSURRECTIONAL
In`sur*rec"tion*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. insurrectionnel.]

Defn: Pertaining to insurrection; consisting in insurrection.

INSURRECTIONARY
In`sur*rec"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, insurrection; rebellious;
seditious.
Their murderous insurrectionary system. Burke.

INSURRECTIONIST
In`sur*rec"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who favors, or takes part in, insurrection; an insurgent.

INSUSCEPTIBILITY
In`sus*cep`ti*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Want of susceptibility, or of capacity to feel or perceive.

INSUSCEPTIBLE
In`sus*cep`ti*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + susceptible: cf. F.
insusceptible.]

Defn: Not susceptible; not capable of being moved, affected, or
impressed; that can not feel, receive, or admit; as, a limb
insusceptible of pain; a heart insusceptible of pity; a mind
insusceptible to flattery.
 -- In`sus*cep`ti*bly adv.

INSUSCEPTIVE
In`sus*cep"tive, a.

Defn: Not susceptive or susceptible. [R.] Rambler.

INSUSURRATION
In*su`sur*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. insusurratio, fr. insusurrare to
whisper into.]

Defn: The act of whispering into something. [Obs.] Johnson.

INSWATHE
In*swathe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inswathed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inswating.]

Defn: To wrap up; to infold; to swathe.
Inswathed sometimes in wandering mist. Tennyson.

INSWEPT
In"swept`, a.

Defn: Narrowed at the forward end; -- said of an automobile frame
when the side members are closer together at the forward end than at
the rear.

INTACT
In*tact", a. Etym: [L. intactus; pref. in- not + tactus, p. p. of
tangere to touch: cf. F. intact. See In- not, and Tact, Tangent.]

Defn: Untouched, especially by anything that harms, defiles, or the
like; uninjured; undefiled; left complete or entire. Buckle.
When all external differences have passed away, one element remains
intact, unchanged, -- the everlasting basis of our common nature, the
human soul. F. W. Robertson.

INTACTIBLE; INTACTABLE
In*tac"ti*ble, In*tac"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Not perceptible to the touch.

INTAGLIATED
In*tagl"ia*ted, a. Etym: [It. intagliato, p. p. of intagliare. See
Intaglio.]

Defn: Engraved in intaglio; as, an intagliated stone. T. Warton.

INTAGLIO
In*tagl"io, n.; pl. E. Intaglius, It. Intagli. Etym: [It., fr.
intagliare to engrave, carve; pref. in- in + tagliare to cut, carve.
See Detail.]

Defn: A cutting or engraving; a figure cut into something, as a gem,
so as to make a design depressed below the surface of the material;
hence, anything so carved or impressed, as a gem, matrix, etc.; --
opposed to cameo. Also used adjectively.

INTAIL
In*tail", v. t.

Defn: See Entail, v. t.

INTAKE
In"take`, n.

1. The place where water or air is taken into a pipe or conduit; --
opposed to outlet.

2. the beginning of a contraction or narrowing in a tube or cylinder.

3. The quantity taken in; as, the intake of air.

INTAMINATED
In*tam"i*na`ted, a. Etym: [L. intaminatus. See Contaminate.]

Defn: Uncontaminated. [Obs.] Wood.

INTANGIBILITY
In*tan`gi*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Intangibilities. Etym: [Cf. F.
intangibilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being intangible; intangibleness.

INTANGIBLE
In*tan"gi*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + tangible: cf. F.
intangible.]

Defn: Not tangible; incapable of being touched; not perceptible to
the touch; impalpable; imperceptible. Bp. Wilkins.
A corporation is an artificial, invisible, intangible being.
Marshall.
-- In*tan"gi*ble*ness, n.
 -- In*tan"gi*bly, adv.

INTANGLE
In*tan"gle, v. t.

Defn: See Entangle.

INTASTABLE
In*tast"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being tasted; tasteless; unsavory. [R.] Grew.

INTEGER
In"te*ger, n. Etym: [L. integer untouched, whole, entire. See
Entire.]

Defn: A complete entity; a whole number, in contradistinction to a
fraction or a mixed number. Complex integer (Theory of Numbers), an
expression of the form a + bsq. root-1, where a and b are real
integers.

INTEGRABILITY
In`te*gra*bil"i*ty, n. (Math.)

Defn: The quality of being integrable.

INTEGRABLE
In"te*gra*ble, a. (Math.)

Defn: Capable of being integrated.

INTEGRAL
In"te*gral, a. Etym: [Cf. F. intégral. See Integer.]

1. Lacking nothing of completeness; complete; perfect; uninjured;
whole; entire.
A local motion keepeth bodies integral. Bacon.

2. Essential to completeness; constituent, as a part; pertaining to,
or serving to form, an integer; integrant.
Ceasing to do evil, and doing good, are the two great integral parts
that complete this duty. South.

3. (Math.)
(a) Of, pertaining to, or being, a whole number or undivided
quantity; not fractional.
(b) Pertaining to, or proceeding by, integration; as, the integral
calculus. Integral calculus. See under Calculus.

INTEGRAL
In"te*gral, n.

1. A whole; an entire thing; a whole number; an individual.

2. (Math.)

Defn: An expression which, being differentiated, will produce a given
differential. See differential Differential, and Integration. Cf.
Fluent. Elliptic integral, one of an important class of integrals,
occurring in the higher mathematics; -- so called because one of the
integrals expresses the length of an arc of an ellipse.

INTEGRALITY
In`te*gral"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. intégralité.]

Defn: Entireness. [Obs.] Whitaker.

INTEGRALLY
In"te*gral*ly, adv.

Defn: In an integral manner; wholly; completely; also, by
integration.

INTEGRANT
In"te*grant, a. Etym: [L. integrans, -antis, p. pr. of integrare to
make whole, renew: cf. F. intégrant. See Integrate.]

Defn: Making part of a whole; necessary to constitute an entire
thing; integral. Boyle.
All these are integrant parts of the republic. Burke.
Integrant parts, or particles, of bodies, those smaller particles
into which a body may be reduced without loss of its original
constitution, as by mechanical division.

INTEGRATE
In"te*grate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Integrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Integrating.] Etym: [L. integratus, p. p. of integrare to make whole,
renew: cf. F. intégrer. See Integer, Entire.]

1. To form into one whole; to make entire; to complete; to renew; to
restore; to perfect. "That conquest rounded and integrated the
glorious empire." De Quincey.
Two distinct substances, the soul and body, go to compound and
integrate the man. South.

2. To indicate the whole of; to give the sum or total of; as, an
integrating anemometer, one that indicates or registers the entire
action of the wind in a given time.

3. (Math.)

Defn: To subject to the operation of integration; to find the
integral of.

INTEGRATION
In`te*gra"tion, n. Etym: [L. integratio a renewing, restoring: cf. F.
intégration.]

1. The act or process of making whole or entire.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The operation of finding the primitive function which has a
given function for its differential coefficient. See Integral.

Note: The symbol of integration is summa sum), and the integral is
also regarded as the limiting value of the sum of great numbers of
differentials, when the magnitude of the differentials decreases, and
their number increases indefinitely. See Limit, n. When the summation
is made between specified values of the variable, the result is a
definite integral, and those values of the variable are the limits of
the integral. When the summation is made successively for two or more
variables, the result is a multiple integral.

3. In the theory of evolution: The process by which the manifold is
compacted into the relatively simple and permanent. It is supposed to
alternate with differentiation as an agent in development.

INTEGRATOR
In"te*gra`tor, n. (Math. & Mech.)

Defn: That which integrates; esp., an instrument by means of which
the area of a figure can be measured directly, or its moment of
inertia, or statical moment, etc., be determined.

INTEGRITY
In*teg"ri*ty, n. Etym: [L. integritas: cf. F. intégrité. See Integer,
and cf. Entirety.]

1. The state or quality of being entire or complete; wholeness;
entireness; unbroken state; as, the integrity of an empire or
territory. Sir T. More.

2. Moral soundness; honesty; freedom from corrupting influence or
motive; -- used especially with reference to the fulfillment of
contracts, the discharge of agencies, trusts, and the like;
uprightness; rectitude.
The moral grandeur of independent integrity is the sublimest thing in
nature. Buckminster.
Their sober zeal, integrity. and worth. Cowper.

3. Unimpaired, unadulterated, or genuine state; entire correspondence
with an original condition; purity.
Language continued long in its purity and integrity. Sir M. Hale.

Syn.
 -- Honesty; uprightness; rectitude. See Probity.

INTEGROPALLIAL
In`te*gro*pal"li*al, a. Etym: [L. integer whole + E. pallial.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the pallial line entire, or without a sinus, as certain
bivalve shells.

INTEGUMATION
In*teg`u*ma"tion, n. Etym: [See Integument.]

Defn: That part of physiology which treats of the integuments of
animals and plants.

INTEGUMENT
In*teg"u*ment, n. Etym: [L. integumentum, fr. integere to cover;
pref. in- in, on + tegere to cover: cf. F. intégument. See 1st n-,
and Tegument.]

Defn: That which naturally invests or covers another thing, as the
testa or the tegmen of a seed; specifically (Anat.), a covering which
invests the body, as the skin, or a membrane that invests a
particular.

INTEGUMENTARY
In*teg`u*men"ta*ry, n.

Defn: Belonging to, or composed of, integuments.

INTEGUMENTATION
In*teg`u*men*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of covering with integuments; the state or
manner of being thus covered.

INTELLECT
In"tel*lect, n. Etym: [L. intellectus, fr. intelligere, intellectum,
to understand: cf. intellect. See Intelligent.] (Metaph.)

Defn: The part or faculty of the human soul by which it knows, as
distinguished from the power to feel and to will; sometimes, the
capacity for higher forms of knowledge, as distinguished from the
power to perceive objects in their relations; the power to judge and
comprehend; the thinking faculty; the understanding.

INTELLECTED
In"tel*lect`ed, a.

Defn: Endowed with intellect; having intellectual powers or
capacities. [R.]
In body, and in bristles, they became As swine, yet intellected as
before. Cowper.

INTELLECTION
In`tel*lec"tion, n. Etym: [L. intellectio synecdoche: cf. F.
intellection.]

Defn: A mental act or process; especially: (a) The act of
understanding; simple apprehension of ideas; intuition. Bentley. (b)
A creation of the mind itself. Hickok.

INTELLECTIVE
In`tel*lec"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. intellectif.]

1. Pertaining to, or produced by, the intellect or understanding;
intellectual.

2. Having power to understand, know, or comprehend; intelligent;
rational. Glanvill.

3. Capable of being perceived by the understanding only, not by the
senses.
Intellective abstractions of logic and metaphysics. Milton.

INTELLECTIVELY
In`tel*lec"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an intellective manner. [R.] "Not intellectivelly to write."
Warner.

INTELLECTUAL
In`tel*lec"tu*al, a. Etym: [L. intellectualis: cf. F. intellectuel.]

1. Belonging to, or performed by, the intellect; mental; as,
intellectual powers, activities, etc.
Logic is to teach us the right use of our reason or intellectual
powers. I. Watts.

2. Endowed with intellect; having the power of understanding; having
capacity for the higher forms of knowledge or thought; characterized
by intelligence or mental capacity; as, an intellectual person.
Who would lose, Though full of pain, this intellectual being, Those
thoughts that wander through eternity Milton.

3. Suitable for exercising the intellect; formed by, and existing
for, the intellect alone; perceived by the intellect; as,
intellectual employments.

4. Relating to the understanding; treating of the mind; as,
intellectual philosophy, sometimes called "mental" philosophy.

INTELLECTUAL
In`tel*lec"tu*al, n.

Defn: The intellect or understanding; mental powers or faculties.
Her husband, for I view far round, not nigh, Whose higher
intellectual more I shun. Milton.
I kept her intellectuals in a state of exercise. De Quincey.

INTELLECTUALISM
In`tel*lec"tu*al*ism, n.

1. Intellectual power; intellectuality.

2. The doctrine that knowledge is derived from pure reason.

INTELLECTUALIST
In`tel*lec"tu*al*ist, n.

1. One who overrates the importance of the understanding. [R.] Bacon.

2. One who accepts the doctrine of intellectualism.

INTELLECTUALITY
In`tel*lec`tu*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. intellectualitas: cf. F.
intellectualité.]

Defn: Intellectual powers; possession of intellect; quality of being
intellectual.

INTELLECTUALIZE
In`tel*lec"tu*al*ize, v. t.

1. To treat in an intellectual manner; to discuss intellectually; to
reduce to intellectual form; to express intellectually; to idealize.
Sentiment is intellectualized emotion. Lowell.

2. To endow with intellect; to bestow intellectual qualities upon; to
cause to become intellectual.

INTELLECTUALLY
In`tel*lec"tu*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an intellectual manner.

INTELLIGENCE
In*tel"li*gence, n. Etym: [F. intelligence, L. intelligentia,
intellegentia. See Intelligent.]

1. The act or state of knowing; the exercise of the understanding.

2. The capacity to know or understand; readiness of comprehension;
the intellect, as a gift or an endowment.
And dimmed with darkness their intelligence. Spenser.

3. Information communicated; news; notice; advice.
Intelligence is given where you are hid. Shak.

4. Acquaintance; intercourse; familiarity. [Obs.]
He lived rather in a fair intelligence than any friendship with the
favorites. Clarendon.

5. Knowledge imparted or acquired, whether by study, research, or
experience; general information.
I write as he that none intelligence Of meters hath, nCourt of Love.

6. An intelligent being or spirit; -- generally applied to pure
spirits; as, a created intelligence. Milton.
The great Intelligences fair That range above our mortal state, In
circle round the blessed gate, Received and gave him welcome there.
Tennyson.
Intelligence office, an office where information may be obtained,
particularly respecting servants to be hired.

Syn.
 -- Understanding; intellect; instruction; advice; notice;
notification; news; information; report.

INTELLIGENCER
In*tel"li*gen*cer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, sends or conveys intelligence or news;
a messenger.
All the intriguers in foreign politics, all the spies, and all the
intelligencers . . . acted solely upon that principle. Burke.

INTELLIGENCING
In*tel"li*gen*cing, a.

Defn: Informing; giving information; talebearing. [Obs.] Shak.
That sad intelligencing tyrant. Milton.

INTELLIGENCY
In*tel"li*gen*cy, n.

Defn: Intelligence. [Obs.] Evelyn.

INTELLIGENT
In*tel"li*gent, a. Etym: [L. intelligens, intellegens, -entis, p. pr.
of intelligere, intellegere, to perceive; inter between + legere to
gather, collect, choose: cf. F. intelligent. See Legend.]

1. Endowed with the faculty of understanding or reason; as, man is an
intelligent being.

2. Possessed of intelligence, education, or judgment; knowing;
sensible; skilled; marked by intelligence; as, an intelligent young
man; an intelligent architect; an intelligent answer.

3. Gognizant; aware; communicate. [Obs.]
Intelligent of seasons. Milton.
Which are to France the spies and speculations Intelligent of our
state. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Sensible; understanding. See Sensible.

INTELLIGENTIAL
In*tel`li*gen"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. intelligentiel.] [R.]

1. Of or pertaining to the intelligence; exercising or implying
understanding; intellectual. "With act intelligential." Milton.

2. Consisting of unembodied mind; incorporeal.
Food alike those pure Intelligential substances require. Milton.

INTELLIGENTIARY
In*tel`li*gen"tia*ry, n.

Defn: One who gives information; an intelligencer. [Obs.] Holinshed.

INTELLIGENTLY
In*tel"li*gent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an intelligent manner; with intelligence.

INTELLIGIBILITY
In*tel`li*gi*bil"i*ty, Etym: [Cf. F. intelligilibilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being intelligible; clearness;
perspicuity; definiteness.

INTELLIGIBLE
In*tel"li*gi*ble, Etym: [L. intellegibilis: cf. F. intelligible. See
Intelligent.]

Defn: Capable of being understood or comprehended; as, an
intelligible account or description; intelligible pronunciation,
writing, etc.
The intelligible forms of ancient poets. Coleridge.

Syn.
 -- Comprehensible; perspicuous; plain; clear.

INTELLIGIBLENESS
In*tel"li*gi*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being intelligible; intelligibility.
Locke.

INTELLIGIBLY
In*tel"li*gi*bly, adv.

Defn: In an intelligible manner; so as to be understood; clearly;
plainly; as, to write or speak intelligibly.

INTEMERATE; INTEMERATED
In*tem"er*ate, In*tem"er*a`ted, a. Etym: [L. intemeratus; pref. in-
not + temeratus defiled.]

Defn: Pure; undefiled. [Obs.]

INTEMERATENESS
In*tem"er*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being unpolluted; purity. [Obs.] Donne.

INTEMPERAMENT
In*tem"per*a*ment, n.

Defn: A bad state; as, the intemperament of an ulcerated part. [R.]
Harvey.

INTEMPERANCE
In*tem"per*ance, n. Etym: [F. intempérance, L. intemperantia. See In-
not, and Temperance.]

1. The act of becoming, or state of being, intemperate; excess in any
kind of action or indulgence; any immoderate indulgence of the
appetites or passions.
God is in every creature; be cruel toward none, neither abuse any by
intemperance. Jer. Taylor.
Some, as thou sawest, by violent stroke shall die, By fire, flood,
famine, by intemperance more In meats and drinks. Milton.

2. Specifically: Habitual or excessive indulgence in alcoholic
liquors.

INTEMPERANCY
In*tem"per*an*cy, n.

Defn: Intemperance. [Obs.]

INTEMPERANT
In*tem"per*ant, a. Etym: [L. intemperans, -antis. See In- not, and
Temperant.]

Defn: Intemperate. [Obs.]
Such as be intemperant, that is, followers of their naughty appetites
and lusts. Udall.

INTEMPERATE
In*tem`per*ate, a. Etym: [L. intemperatus. See In- not, and
Temperate.]

1. Indulging any appetite or passion to excess; immoderate to
enjoyments or exertion.

2. Specifically, addicted to an excessive or habitual use of
alcoholic liquors.

3. Excessive; ungovernable; inordinate; violent; immoderate; as,
intemperate language, zeal, etc.; intemperate weather.
Most do taste through fond intemperate thirst. Milton.
Use not thy mouth to intemperate swearing. Ecclus. xxiii. 13.

INTEMPERATE
In*tem`per*ate, v. t.

Defn: To disorder. [Obs.]

INTEMPERATELY
In*tem`per*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: In an intemperate manner; immoderately; excessively; without
restraint.
The people . . . who behaved very unwisely and intemperately on that
occasion. Burke.

INTEMPERATENESS
In*tem`per*ate*ness, n.

1. The state of being intemperate; excessive indulgence of any
appetite or passion; as, intemperateness in eating or drinking.

2. Severity of weather; inclemency. Boyle.
By unseasonable weather, by intemperateness of the air or meteors.
Sir M. Hale.

INTEMPERATURE
In*tem"per*a*ture, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. intemperature.]

Defn: Intemperateness. [Obs.] Boyle.

INTEMPESTIVE
In`tem*pes"tive, a. Etym: [L. intempestivus: cf. F. intempestif. See
In- not, and Tempestive.]

Defn: Out of season; untimely. [Obs.] Burton.
Intempestive bashfulness gets nothing. Hales.

INTEMPESTIVELY
In`tem*pes"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: Unseasonably. [Obs.]

INTEMPESTIVITY
In*tem`pes*tiv"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. intempestivitas: cf. F.
intempestivité.]

Defn: Unseasonableness; untimeliness. [Obs.] Hales.

INTENABLE
In*ten"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + tenable: cf. F. intenable.]

Defn: Incapable of being held; untenable; not defensible; as, an
intenable opinion; an intenable fortress. [Obs.] Bp. Warburton.

INTEND
In*tend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intended; p. pr. & vb. n. Intending.]
Etym: [OE. entenden to be attentive, F. entendre, fr. L. intendre,
intentum, and intensum, to intend, attend, stretch out, extend; pref.
in- in + tendere to stretch, stretch out. See Tend.]

1. To stretch' to extend; to distend. [Obs.]
By this the lungs are intended or remitted. Sir M. Hale.

2. To strain; to make tense. [Obs.]
When a bow is successively intended and remedied. Cudworth.

3. To intensify; to strengthen. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Magnetism may be intended and remitted. Sir I. Newton.

4. To apply with energy.
Let him intend his mind, without respite, without rest, in one
direction. Emerson.

5. To bend or turn; to direct, as one's course or journey. [Archaic]
Shak.

6. To fix the mind on; to attend to; to take care of; to superintend;
to regard. [Obs.]
Having no children, she did, with singular care and tenderness,
intend the education of Philip. Bacon.
My soul, not being able to intend two things at once, abated of its
fervency in praying. Fuller.

7. To fix the mind upon (something to be accomplished); to be intent
upon; to mean; to design; to plan; to purpose; -- often followed by
an infinitely with to, or a dependent clause with that; as, he
intends to go; he intends that she shall remain.
They intended evil against thee. Ps. xxi. 11.
To-morrow he intends To hunt the boar with certain of his friends.
Shak.

8. To design mechanically or artistically; to fashion; to mold.
[Obs.]
Modesty was made When she was first intended. Beau. & Fl.

9. To pretend; to counterfeit; to simulate. [Obs.]
Intend a kind of zeal both to the prince and Claudio. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To purpose; mean; design; plan; conceive; contemplate.

INTENDANCY
In*tend"an*cy, n.; pl. Intendancies. Etym: [Cf. F. intendance. See
Intendant.]

1. The office or employment of an intendant.

2. A territorial district committed to the charge of an intendant.

INTENDANT
In*tend"ant, n. Etym: [F. intendant, fr. L. intendere to direct
(one's thoughts) to a thing. See Intend.]

Defn: One who has the charge, direction, or management of some public
business; a superintendent; as, an intendant of marine; an intendant
of finance.

INTENDANT
In*tend"ant, a. Etym: [See Intend.]

Defn: Attentive. [Obs.]

INTENDED
In*tend"ed, a.

1. Made tense; stretched out; extended; forcible; violent. [Obs.]
Spenser.

2. Purposed; designed; as, intended harm or help.
They drew a curse from an intended good. Cowper.

3. Betrothed; affianced; as, an intended husband.

INTENDED
In*tend"ed, n.

Defn: One with whom marriage is designed; one who is betrothed; an
affianced lover.
If it were not that I might appear to disparage his intended, . . . I
would add that to me she seems to be throwing herself away. Dickens.

INTENDEDLY
In*tend"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Intentionally. [R.] Milton.

INTENDENT
In*tend"ent, n.

Defn: See Intendant, n. [Obs.]

INTENDER
In*tend"er, n.

Defn: One who intends. Feltham.

INTENDIMENT
In*tend"i*ment, n. Etym: [LL. intendimentum. See Intendment.]

Defn: Attention; consideration; knowledge; understanding. [Obs.]
Spenser.

INTENDMENT
In*tend"ment, n. Etym: [OE. entendement understanding, insight, F.
entendement, fr. LL. intendimentum. See Intend.]

1. Charge; oversight. [Obs.] Ford.

2. Intention; design; purpose.
The intendment of God and nature. Jer. Taylor.

3. (Law)

Defn: The true meaning, understanding, or intention of a law, or of
any legal instrument.

INTENERATE
In*ten"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intenerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intenerating.] Etym: [Pref. in- in + L. tener soft, tender. See
Tender, a.]

Defn: To make tender or sensitive; to soften.

Fear intenerates the heart. Bp. Hall.
So have I seen the little purls of a stream . . . intenerate the
stubborn pavement. Jer. Taylor.

INTENERATE
In*ten"er*ate, a.

Defn: Made tender or soft; softened. [Obs.]

INTENERATION
In*ten`er*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of intenerating, or the state of being
intenerated; softening. [R.] Bacon.

INTENIBLE
In*ten"i*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + L. tenere to hold: cf. L.
intenibilis not to be grasped. Cf. Intenable.]

Defn: Incapable of holding or containing. [Obs.]
This captious and intenible sieve. Shak.

INTENSATE
In*ten"sate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intensated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intensating.] Etym: [See Intense.]

Defn: To intensify. [R.] Emerson.

INTENSATION
In`ten*sa"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of intensifying; intensification; climax.
[R.] Carlyle.

INTENSATIVE
In*ten"sa*tive, a.

Defn: Adding intensity; intensifying.

INTENSE
In*tense", a. Etym: [L. intensus stretched, tight, p. p. of intendere
to stretch: cf. F. intense. See Intend, and cf. Intent, and cf.
Intent, a.]

1. Strained; tightly drawn; kept on the stretch; strict; very close
or earnest; as, intense study or application; intense thought.

2. Extreme in degree; excessive; immoderate; as: (a) Ardent; fervent;
as, intense heat. (b) Keen; biting; as, intense cold. (c) Vehement;
earnest; exceedingly strong; as, intense passion or hate. (d) Very
severe; violent; as, intense pain or anguish. (e) Deep; strong;
brilliant; as, intense color or light.
In this intense seclusion of the forest. Hawthorne.

INTENSELY
In*tense"ly, adv.

1. Intently. [Obs.] J. Spencer.

2. To an extreme degree; as, weather intensely cold.

INTENSENESS
In*tense"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being intense; intensity; as, the
intenseness of heat or cold; the intenseness of study or thought.

INTENSIFICATION
In*ten`si*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of intensifying, or of making more intense.

INTENSIFIER
In*ten"si*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who or that which intensifies or strengthens; in
photography, an agent used to intensify the lights or shadows of a
picture.

INTENSIFY
In*ten"si*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intensified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intensifying.] Etym: [Intense + -fly.]

Defn: To render more intense; as, to intensify heat or cold; to
intensify colors; to intensify a photographic negative; to intensify
animosity. Bacon.
How piercing is the sting of pride By want embittered and
intensified. Longfellow.

INTENSIFY
In*ten"si*fy, v. i.

Defn: To become intense, or more intense; to act with increasing
power or energy.

INTENSION
In*ten"sion, n. Etym: [L. intensio: cf. F. intension. See Intend, and
cf. Intention.]

1. A straining, stretching, or bending; the state of being strained;
as, the intension of a musical string.

2. Increase of power or energy of any quality or thing; intenseness;
fervency. Jer. Taylor.
Sounds . . . likewise do rise and fall with the intension or
remission of the wind. Bacon.

3. (Logic & Metaph.)

Defn: The collective attributes, qualities, or marks that make up a
complex general notion; the comprehension, content, or connotation; -
- opposed to extension, extent, or sphere.
This law is, that the intension of our knowledge is in the inverse
ratio of its extension. Sir W. Hamilton.

INTENSITIVE
In*ten"si*tive, a.

Defn: Increasing the force or intensity of; intensive; as, the
intensitive words of a sentence. H. Sweet.

INTENSITY
In*ten"si*ty, n. Etym: [LL. intensitas: cf. F. intensité. See
Intense.]

1. The state or quality of being intense; intenseness; extreme
degree; as, intensity of heat, cold, mental application, passion,
etc.
If you would deepen the intensity of light, you must be content to
bring into deeper blackness and more distinct and definite outline
the shade that accompanies it. F. W. Robertson.

2. (Physics)

Defn: The amount or degree of energy with which a force operates or a
cause acts; effectiveness, as estimated by results produced.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: The magnitude of a distributed force, as pressure, stress,
weight, etc., per unit of surface, or of volume, as the case may be;
as, the measure of the intensity of a total stress of forty pounds
which is distributed uniformly over a surface of four square inches
area is ten pounds per square inch.

4. (Photog.)

Defn: The degree or depth of shade in a picture.

INTENSIVE
In*ten"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. intensif. See Intense.]

1. Stretched; admitting of intension, or increase of degree; that can
be intensified. Sir M. Hale.

2. Characterized by persistence; intent; unremitted; assiduous;
intense. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: Serving to give force or emphasis; as, an intensive verb or
preposition.

INTENSIVE
In*ten"sive, n.

Defn: That which intensifies or emphasizes; an intensive verb or
word.

INTENSIVELY
In*ten"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an intensive manner; by increase of degree. Abp. Bramhall.

INTENSIVENESS
In*ten"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being intensive; intensity. Sir M.
Hale.

INTENT
In*tent", a. Etym: [L. intentus, p. p. of intendere. See Intend, and
cf. Intense.]

1. Closely directed; strictly attentive; bent; -- said of the mind,
thoughts, etc.; as, a mind intent on self-improvement.

2. Having the mind closely directed to or bent on an object;
sedulous; eager in pursuit of an object; -- formerly with to, but now
with on; as, intent on business or pleasure. "Intent on mischief."
Milton.
Be intent and solicitous to take up the meaning of the speaker. I.
Watts.

INTENT
In*tent", n. Etym: [OE. entent, entente, attention, purpose, OF.
entente, F. entente understanding, meaning; a participial noun, fr.
F. & OF. entendre. See Intend.]

Defn: The act of turning the mind toward an object; hence, a design;
a purpose; intention; meaning; drift; aim.
Be thy intents wicked or charitable. Shak.
The principal intent of Scripture is to deliver the Hooker.
To all intents, and purposes, in all applications or senses;
practically; really; virtually; essentially. "He was miserable to all
intents and purpose." L'Estrange.

Syn.
 -- Design; purpose; intention; meaning; purport; view; drift;
object; end; aim; plan.

INTENTATION
In`ten*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Intention. [Obs.]

INTENTION
In*ten"tion, n. Etym: [F. intention, L. intentio. See Intend, and cf.
Intension.]

1. A stretching or bending of the mind toward of the mind toward an
object; closeness of application; fixedness of attention;
earnestness.
Intention is when the mind, with great earnestness, and of choice,
fixes its view on any idea. Locke.

2. A determination to act in a certain way or to do a certain thing;
purpose; design; as, an intention to go to New York.
Hell is paved with good intentions. Johnson.

3. The object toward which the thoughts are directed; end; aim.
In [chronical distempers], the principal intention is to restore the
tone of the solid parts. Arbuthnot.

4. The state of being strained. See Intension. [Obs.]

5. (Logic)

Defn: Any mental apprehension of an object. First intention (Logic),
a conception of a thing formed by the first or direct application of
the mind to the individual object; an idea or image; as, man, stone.
 -- Second intention (Logic), a conception generalized from first
intuition or apprehension already formed by the mind; an abstract
notion; especially, a classified notion, as species, genus,
whiteness.
 -- To heal by the first intention (Surg.), to cicatrize, as a wound,
without suppuration.
 -- To heal by the second intention (Surg.), to unite after
suppuration.

Syn.
 -- Design; purpose; object; aim; intent; drift; purport; meaning.
See Design.

INTENTIONAL
In*ten"tion*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. intentionnel.]

Defn: Done by intention or design; intended; designed; as, the act
was intentional, not accidental.

INTENTIONALITY
In*ten`tion*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being intentional; purpose; design.
Coleridge.

INTENTIONALLY
In*ten"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an intentional manner; with intention; by design; of
purpose.

INTENTIONED
In*ten"tioned, a.

Defn: Having designs; -- chiefly used in composition; as, well-
intentioned, having good designs; ill-intentioned, having ill
designs.

INTENTIVE
In*ten"tive, a. Etym: [OE. ententif, OF. ententif, fr. L. intentivus
intensive. See Intent, n., and cf. Intensive.]

Defn: Attentive; intent. [Obs.] Spenser.

INTENTIVELY
In*ten"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: Attentively; closely. [Obs.] "Intentively to observe." Holland.

INTENTIVENESS
In*ten"tive*ness, n.

Defn: Closeness of attention or application of mind; attentiveness.
[Obs.] W. Montagu.

INTENTLY
In*tent"ly, adv.

Defn: In an intent manner; as, the eyes intently fixed.

Syn.
 -- Fixedly; steadfastly; earnestly; attentively; sedulously;
diligently; eagerly.

INTENTNESS
In*tent"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being intent; close application;
attention.
Extreme solicitude or intentness upon business. South.

INTER-
In"ter-. Etym: [L. inter, prep., among, between, a compar. form of in
in; akin to intra, intro, within, Skr. antar between, in, and E.in.
See In, and cf. Entrails, Interior, Enter-, Exterior.]

Defn: A prefix signifying among, between, amid; as, interact,
interarticular, intermit.

INTER
In*ter", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interred; p. pr. & vb. n. Interring.]
Etym: [OE. enteren, OF. enterer, enterrer, LL. interrare; L. pref.
in- in + terra the earth. See Terrace.]

Defn: To deposit and cover in the earth; to bury; to inhume; as, to
inter a dead body. Shak.

INTERACT
In`ter*act", n. Etym: [Pref. inter- + act. Cf. Entr'acte.]

Defn: A short act or piece between others, as in a play; an
interlude; hence, intermediate employment or time. Chesterfield.

INTERACT
In`ter*act", v. i.

Defn: To act upon each other; as, two agents mutually interact.
Emerson. Tyndall.

INTERACTION
In`ter*ac"tion, n.

1. Intermediate action.

2. Mutual or reciprocal action or influence; as, the interaction of
the heart and lungs on each other.

INTERADDITIVE
In`ter*ad"di*tive, a.

Defn: Added or placed between the parts of another thing, as a clause
inserted parenthetically in a sentence.

INTERAGENCY
In`ter*a"gen*cy, n.

Defn: Intermediate agency.

INTERAGENT
In`ter*a"gent, n.

Defn: An intermediate agent.

INTERALL
In"ter*all, n.

Defn: Entrail or inside. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

INTERALVEOLAR
In`ter*al"ve*o*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between alveoli; as, the interalveolar septa between adjacent
air cells in the lungs.

INTERAMBULACRAL
In`ter*am`bu*la"cral, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the interambulacra.

INTERAMBULACRUM
In`ter*am`bu*la"crum, n.; pl. L. Interambulacra (, E.
Interambulacrums (. (Zoöl.)

Defn: In echinoderms, one of the areas or zones intervening between
two ambulacra. See Illust. of Ambulacrum.

INTERAMNIAN
In`ter*am"ni*an, a. Etym: [Pref. inter- + L. amnis river: cf. L.
interamnus.]

Defn: Situated between rivers. [R.] "An interamnian country." J.
Bryant.

INTERANIMATE
In`ter*an"i*mate, v. t.

Defn: To animate or inspire mutually. [Obs.] Donne.

INTERARBORATION
In`ter*ar`bo*ra"tion, n.

Defn: The interweaving of branches of trees. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

INTERARTICULAR
In`ter*ar*tic"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated between joints or articulations; as, interarticular
cartilages and ligaments.

INTERATOMIC
In`ter*a*tom"ic, a. (Chem. & Physics)

Defn: Between atoms; situated, or acting, between the atoms of
bodies; as, interatomic forces.

INTERAULIC
In`ter*au"lic, a.

Defn: Existing between royal courts. [R.] "Interaulic politics."
Motley.

INTERAURICULAR
In`ter*au*ric"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between the auricles; as, the interauricular partition of the
heart.

INTERAXAL
In`ter*ax"al, a. (Arch.)

Defn: Situated in an interaxis. Gwilt.

INTERAXILLARY
In`ter*ax"il*la*ry, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Situated within or between the axils of leaves.

INTERAXIS
In`ter*ax"is, n.; pl. Interaxes (. (Arch.)

Defn: The space between two axes. See Axis, 6.
The doors, windows, niches, and the like, are then placed centrally
in the interaxes. Gwilt.

INTERBASTATION
In`ter*bas*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. inter- + baste to sew.]

Defn: Patchwork. [Obs.] Dr. J. Smith.

INTERBRACHIAL
In`ter*brach"i*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Between the arms.

INTERBRAIN
In`ter*brain`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: See Thalamencephalon.

INTERBRANCHIAL
In`ter*bran"chi*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Between the branchiæ.

INTERBREED
In`ter*breed", v. t. & i.

Defn: To breed by crossing different stocks of animals or plants.

INTERCALAR
In*ter"ca*lar, a.

Defn: Intercalary.

INTERCALARY
In*ter"ca*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. intercalaris, intercalarius: cf. F.
intercalaire. See Intercalate.]

1. (Chron.)

Defn: Inserted or introduced among others in the calendar; as, an
intercalary month, day, etc.; -- now applied particularly to the odd
day (Feb. 29) inserted in the calendar of leap year. See Bissextile,
n.

2. Introduced or inserted among others; additional; supernumerary.
"Intercalary spines." Owen.
This intercalary line . . . is made the last of a triplet. Beattie.
Intercalary day (Med.), one on which no paroxysm of an intermittent
disease occurs. Mayne.

INTERCALATE
In*ter"ca*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intercalated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intercalating.] Etym: [L. intercalatus, p. p. of intercalare to
intercalate to intercalate; inter between + calare to call, proclaim.
See Calendar.]

1. (Chron.)

Defn: To insert, as a day or other portion of time, in a calendar.

2. To insert among others, as a verse in a stanza; specif. (Geol.),
to introduce as a bed or stratum, between the layers of a regular
series of rocks.
Beds of fresh-water shells . . . are intercalated and interstratified
with the shale. Mantell.

INTERCALATION
In*ter`ca*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. intercalatio: cf. F. intercalation.]

1. (Chron.)

Defn: The insertion of a day, or other portion of time, in a
calendar.

2. The insertion or introduction of anything among others, as the
insertion of a phrase, line, or verse in a metrical composition;
specif. (Geol.), the intrusion of a bed or layer between other
layers.
Intercalations of fresh-water species in some localities. Mantell.

INTERCAROTID
In`ter*ca*rot"id, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated between the external and internal carotid arteries;
as, an intercarotid ganglion.

INTERCARPAL
In`ter*car"pal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between the carpal bone; as, intercarpal articulations,
ligaments.

INTERCARTILAGINOUS
In`ter*car`ti*lag"i*nous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Within cartilage; endochondral; as, intercartilaginous
ossification.

INTERCAVERNOUS
In`ter*cav"ern*ous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between the cavernous sinuses; as, the intercavernous sinuses
connecting the cavernous sinuses at the base of the brain.

INTERCEDE
In`ter*cede", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Interceded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interceding.] Etym: [L. intercedere, intercessum; inter between +
cedere to pass: cf. F. intercéder. See Cede.]

1. To pass between; to intervene. [Obs.]
He supposed that a vast period interceded between that origination
and the age wherein he lived. Sir M. Hale.

2. To act between parties with a view to reconcile differences; to
make intercession; to beg or plead in behalf of another; to mediate;
-- usually followed by with and for; as, I will intercede with him
for you.
I to the lords will intercede, not doubting Their favorable ear.
Milton.

Syn.
 -- To mediate; arbitrate. See Interpose.

INTERCEDE
In`ter*cede", v. t.

Defn: To be, to come, or to pass, between; to separate. [Obs.] Sir I.
Newton.

INTERCEDENCE
In`ter*ced"ence, n.

Defn: The act of interceding; intercession; intervention. [R.] Bp.
Reynolds.

INTERCEDENT
In`ter*ced"ent, a. Etym: [L. intercedens, p. pr. of intercedere.]

Defn: Passing between; mediating; pleading. [R.] --
In`ter*ced"ent*ly, adv.

INTERCEDER
In`ter*ced"er, n.

Defn: One who intercedes; an intercessor; a mediator. Johnson.

INTERCELLULAR
In`ter*cel"lu*lar, a.

Defn: Lying between cells or cellules; as, intercellular substance,
space, or fluids; intercellular blood channels.

INTERCENTRAL
In`ter*cen"tral, a.

Defn: Between centers. Intercentral nerves (Physiol.), those nerves
which transmit impulses between nerve centers, as opposed to
peripheral fibers, which convey impulses between peripheral parts and
nerve centers.

INTERCENTRUM
In`ter*cen"trum, n.; pl. Intercentra (. (Anat.)

Defn: The median of the three elements composing the centra of the
vertebræ in some fossil batrachians.

INTERCEPT
In`ter*cept", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intercepted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intercepting.] Etym: [L. interceptus, p. p. of intercipere to
intercept; inter between + capere to take, seize: cf. F. intercepter.
See Capable.]

1. To take or seize by the way, or before arrival at the destined
place; to cause to stop on the passage; as, to intercept a letter; a
telegram will intercept him at Paris.
God will shortly intercept your breath. Joye.

2. To obstruct or interrupt the progress of; to stop; to hinder or
oppose; as, to intercept the current of a river.
Who intercepts me in my expedition Shak.
We must meet first, and intercept his course. Dryden.

3. To interrupt communication with, or progress toward; to cut off,
as the destination; to blockade.
While storms vindictive intercept the shore. Pope.

4. (Math.)

Defn: To include between; as, that part of the intercepted between
the points A and B.

Syn.
 -- To cut off; stop; catch; seize; obstruct.

INTERCEPT
In"ter*cept`, n. (Math.)

Defn: A part cut off or intercepted, as a portion of a line included
between two points, or cut off two straight lines or curves.

INTERCEPTER
In`ter*cept"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, intercepts. Shak.

INTERCEPTION
In`ter*cep"tion, n. Etym: [L. interceptio a taking away: cf. F.
interception.]

Defn: The act of intercepting; as, interception of a letter;
interception of the enemy.

INTERCEPTIVE
In`ter*cept"ive, a.

Defn: Intercepting or tending to intercept.

INTERCESSION
In`ter*ces"sion, n. Etym: [L. intercessio an intervention, a becoming
surety: cf. F. intercession. See Intercede.]

Defn: The act of interceding; mediation; interposition between
parties at variance, with a view to reconcilation; prayer, petition,
or entreaty in favor of, or (less often) against, another or others.
But the Spirit itself maketh intercession for us with groanings which
can not be uttered. Rom. viii. 26.

INTERCESSIONAL
In`ter*ces"sion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, of the nature of, or characterized by,
intercession or entreaty.

INTERCESSIONATE
In`ter*ces"sion*ate, v. t.

Defn: To entreat. [Obs.]

INTERCESSOR
In`ter*ces"sor, n. Etym: [L., a surety: cf. F. intercesseur.]

1. One who goes between, or intercedes; a mediator. (a) One who
interposes between parties at variance, with a view to reconcile
them. (b) One who pleads in behalf of another. Milton.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A bishop, who, during a vacancy of the see, administers the
bishopric till a successor is installed.

INTERCESSORIAL
In`ter*ces*so"ri*al, a.

Defn: Intercessory.

INTERCESSORY
In`ter*ces"so*ry, a. Etym: [LL. intercessorius.]

Defn: Pertaining to, of the nature of, or characterized by,
intercession; interceding; as, intercessory prayer.

INTERCHAIN
In`ter*chain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interchained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interchaining.]

Defn: To link together; to unite closely or firmly, as by a chain.
Two bosoms interchained with an oath. Shak.

INTERCHANGE
In`ter*change", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interchanged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interchanging.] Etym: [OE. entrechangen, OF. entrechangier. See
Inter-, and Change.]

1. To put each in the place of the other; to give and take mutually;
to exchange; to reciprocate; as, to interchange places; they
interchanged friendly offices and services.
I shall interchange My waned state for Henry's regal crown. Shak.

2. To cause to follow alternately; to intermingle; to vary; as, to
interchange cares with pleasures.

INTERCHANGE
In`ter*change", v. i.

Defn: To make an interchange; to alternate. Sir P. Sidney.

INTERCHANGE
In`ter*change", n. Etym: [Cf. OF. entrechange.]

1. The act of mutually changing; the act of mutually giving and
receiving; exchange; as, the interchange of civilities between two
persons. "Interchange of kindnesses." South.

2. The mutual exchange of commodities between two persons or
countries; barter; commerce. Howell.

3. Alternate succession; alternation; a mingling.
The interchanges of light and darkness. Holder.
Sweet interchange Of hill and valley, rivers, woods, and plains.
Milton.

INTERCHANGEABILITY
In`ter*change`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being interchangeable;
interchangeableness.

INTERCHANGEABLE
In`ter*change"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. entrechangeable.]

1. Admitting of exchange or mutual substitution. "Interchangeable
warrants." Bacon.

2. Following each other in alternate succession; as, the four
interchangeable seasons. Holder.
 -- In`ter*change"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- In`ter*change"a*bly, adv.

INTERCHANGEMENT
In`ter*change"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. entrechangement.]

Defn: Mutual transfer; exchange. [Obs.] Shak.

INTERCHAPTER
In`ter*chap"ter, n.

Defn: An intervening or inserted chapter.

INTERCIDENCE
In*ter"ci*dence, n. Etym: [See Intercident.]

Defn: The act or state of coming or falling between; occurrence;
incident. [Obs.] Holland.

INTERCIDENT
In*ter"ci*dent, a. Etym: [L. intercidens, -entis, p. pr. of
intercidere to fall between; inter between + cadere to fall.]

Defn: Falling or coming between; happening accidentally. [Obs.]
Boyle.

INTERCIPIENT
In`ter*cip"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. intercipiens, -entis, p. pr. of
intercipere. See Intercept.]

Defn: Intercepting; stopping.
 -- n.

Defn: One who, or that which, intercepts or stops anything on the
passage. Wiseman.

INTERCISION
In`ter*ci"sion, n. Etym: [L. intercisio a cutting through, fr.
intercidere to cut asunder.]

Defn: A cutting off, through, or asunder; interruption. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.

INTERCITIZENSHIP
In`ter*cit"i*zen*ship, n.

Defn: The mutual right to civic privileges, in the different States.
Bancroft.

INTERCLAVICLE
In`ter*clav"i*cle, n. (Anat.)

Defn: See Episternum.

INTERCLAVICULAR
In`ter*cla*vic"u*lar, a. (Anat.)
(a) Between the clavicles; as, the interclavicular notch of the
sternum.
(b) Of or pertaining to the interclavicle.

INTERCLOSE
In`ter*close", v. t. Etym: [Pref. inter- + close. See Interclude.]

Defn: To shut in; to inclose. [Obs.]

INTERCLOUD
In`ter*cloud", v. t.

Defn: To cloud. [R.] Daniel.

INTERCLUDE
In`ter*clude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intercluded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intercluding.] Etym: [L. intercludere, interclusum; inter between +
claudere to shut. See Close, and cf. Interclose.]

Defn: To shut off or out from a place or course, by something
intervening; to intercept; to cut off; to interrupt. Mitford.
So all passage of external air into the receiver may be intercluded.
Boyle.

INTERCLUSION
In`ter*clu"sion, n. Etym: [L. interclusio. See Interclude.]

Defn: Interception; a stopping

INTERCOLLEGIATE
In`ter*col*le"gi*ate, a.

Defn: Existing or carried on between colleges or universities; as,
intercollegiate relations, rivalry, games, etc.

INTERCOLLINE
In`ter*col"line, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Situated between hills; -- applied especially to valleys lying
between volcanic cones.

INTERCOLONIAL
In`ter*co*lo"ni*al, a.

Defn: Between or among colonies; pertaining to the intercourse or
mutual relations of colonies; as, intercolonial trade.
 -- In`ter*co*lo"ni*al*ly, adv.

INTERCOLUMNAR
In`ter*co*lum"nar, a.

Defn: Between columns or pillars; as, the intercolumnar fibers of
Poupart's ligament; an intercolumnar statue.

INTERCOLUMNIATION
In`ter*co*lum`ni*a"tion, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The clear space between two columns, measured at the bottom of
their shafts. Gwilt.

Note: It is customary to measure the intercolumniation in terms of
the diameter of the shaft, taken also at the bottom. Different words,
derived from the Greek, are in use to denote certain common
proportions. They are: Pycnostyle, when the intercolumniation is of
one and a half diameters; Systyle, of two diameters; Eustyle, of two
and a quarter diameters; Diastyle, of three diameters; Aræostyle, of
four or more, and so great that a wooden architrave has to be used
instead of stone; Aræosystyle, when the intercolumniations are
alternately systyle and aræostyle.

INTERCOMBAT
In`ter*com"bat, n.

Defn: Combat. [Obs.] Daniel.

INTERCOMING
In`ter*com"ing, n.

Defn: The act of coming between; intervention; interference. [Obs.]

INTERCOMMON
In`ter*com"mon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intercommoned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intercommoning.] Etym: [OF. entrecommuner. See Inter-, and Common,
and cf. Intercommune.]

1. To share with others; to participate; especially, to eat at the
same table. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: To graze cattle promiscuously in the commons of each other, as
the inhabitants of adjoining townships, manors, etc.

INTERCOMMONAGE
In`ter*com"mon*age, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: The right or privilege of intercommoning.

INTERCOMMUNE
In`ter*com*mune", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Intercommuned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intercommuning.] Etym: [Cf. Intercommon, Intercommunicate, Commune.]

1. To intercommunicate. [Obs.]

2. To have mutual communication or intercourse by conservation.
[Scot.]

INTERCOMMUNICABLE
In`ter*com*mu"ni*ca*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being mutually communicated.

INTERCOMMUNICATE
In`ter*com*mu"ni*cate, v. i.

Defn: To communicate mutually; to hold mutual communication.

INTERCOMMUNICATE
In`ter*com*mu"ni*cate, v. t.

Defn: To communicate mutually; to interchange. Holland.

INTERCOMMUNICATION
In`ter*com*mu`ni*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Mutual communication. Owen.

INTERCOMMUNION
In`ter*com*mun"ion, n.

Defn: Mutual communion; as, an intercommunion of deities. Faber.

INTERCOMMUNITY
In`ter*com*mu"ni*ty, n.

Defn: Intercommunication; community of possessions, religion, etc.
In consequence of that intercommunity of paganism . . . one nation
adopted the gods of another. Bp. Warburton.

INTERCOMPARISON
In`ter*com*par"i*son, n.

Defn: Mutual comparison of corresponding parts.

INTERCONDYLAR; INTERCONDYLOID
In`ter*con"dy*lar, In`ter*con"dy*loid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between condyles; as, the intercondylar fossa or notch of the
femur.

INTERCONNECT
In`ter*con*nect", v. t.

Defn: To join together.

INTERCONNECTION
In`ter*con*nec"tion, n.

Defn: Connection between; mutual connection.

INTERCONTINENTAL
In`ter*con`ti*nen"tal, a.

Defn: Between or among continents; subsisting or carried on between
continents; as, intercontinental relations or commerce.

INTERCONVERTIBLE
In`ter*con*vert"i*ble, a.

Defn: Convertible the one into the other; as, coin and bank notes are
interconvertible.

INTERCOSTAL
In`ter*cos"tal, a. (Anat. & Physiol.)

Defn: Between the ribs; pertaining to, or produced by, the parts
between the ribs; as, intercostal respiration, in which the chest is
alternately enlarged and contracted by the intercostal muscles.

INTERCOURSE
In"ter*course, n. Etym: [Formerly entercourse, OF. entrecours
commerce, exchange, F. entrecours a reciprocal right on neighboring
lands, L. intercursus a running between, fr. intercurrere to run
between. See Inter-, and Course.]

Defn: A
This sweet intercourse Of looks and smiles. Milton.
Sexual intercourse, sexual or carnal connection; coition.

Syn.
 -- Communication; connection; commerce; communion; fellowship;
familiarity; acquaintance.

INTERCROP
In"ter*crop`, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. -cropped; p. pr. & vb. n. -
cropping.] (Agric.)

Defn: To cultivate by planting simultaneous crops in alternate rows;
as, to intercrop an orchard. Also, to use for catch crops at seasons
when the ground is not covered by crops of the regular rotation.

INTERCROP
In"ter*crop`, n. (Agric.)

Defn: A crop grown among or between  the rows of another crop; a
catch crop.

INTERCROSS
In`ter*cross", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Intercrossed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intercrossing.]

1. To cross each other, as lines.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: To fertilize by the impregnation of one species or variety by
another; to impregnate by a different species or variety.

INTERCROSS
In"ter*cross`, n.

Defn: The process or result of cross fertilization between different
kinds of animals, or different varieties of plants.
We have reason to believe that occasional intercrosses take place
with all animals and plants. Darwin.

INTERCRURAL
In`ter*cru"ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between crura; -- applied especially to the interneural plates
in the vertebral column of many cartilaginous fishes.

INTERCUR
In`ter*cur", v. i. Etym: [L. intercurrere. See Intercourse.]

Defn: To intervene; to come or occur in the meantime. [Obs.] Shelton.

INTERCURRENCE
In`ter*cur"rence, n. Etym: [See Intercurrent.]

Defn: A passing or running between; occurrence. Boyle.

INTERCURRENT
In`ter*cur"rent, a. Etym: [L. intercurrens, p. pr. of intercurrere:
cf. F. intercurrent. See Intercur.]

1. Running between or among; intervening. Boyle. Bp. Fell.

2. (Med.)
(a) Not belonging to any particular season.
(b) Said of diseases occurring in the course of another disease.
Dunglison.

INTERCURRENT
In`ter*cur"rent, n.

Defn: Something intervening. Holland.

INTERCUTANEOUS
In`ter*cu*ta"ne*ous, a.

Defn: Subcutaneous.

INTERDASH
In`ter*dash", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interdashed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interdashing.]

Defn: To dash between or among; to intersperse. Cowper.

INTERDEAL
In`ter*deal", v. i.

Defn: To intrigue. [Obs.] Daniel.

INTERDENOMINATIONAL
In`ter*de*nom`i*na"tion*al, a.

Defn: Occurring between or among, or common to, different
denominations; as, interdenominational fellowship or belief.

INTERDENTAL
In`ter*den"tal, a.

1. Situated between teeth; as, an interdental space, the space
between two teeth in a gear wheel.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: Formed between the upper and lower teeth; as, interdental
consonants.

INTERDENTIL
In`ter*den"til, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The space between two dentils. Gwilt.

INTERDEPENDENCE
In`ter*de*pend"ence, n.

Defn: Mutual dependence. "The interdependence of virtue and
knowledge." M. Arnold.

INTERDEPENDENCY
In`ter*de*pend"en*cy, n.

Defn: Mutual dependence; as, interdependency of interests. De
Quincey.

INTERDEPENDENT
In`ter*de*pend"ent, a.

Defn: Mutually dependent.

INTERDICT
In`ter*dict", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interdicted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interdicting.] Etym: [OE. entrediten to forbid communion, L.
interdicere, interdictum. See Interdict, n.]

1. To forbid; to prohibit or debar; as, to interdict intercourse with
foreign nations.
Charged not to touch the interdicted tree. Milton.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: To lay under an interdict; to cut off from the enjoyment of
religious privileges, as a city, a church, an individual.
An archbishop may not only excommunicate and interdict his
suffragans, but his vicar general may do the same. Ayliffe.

INTERDICT
In"ter*dict`, n. Etym: [OE. entredit, enterdit, OF. entredit, F.
interdit, fr. L. interdictum, fr. interdicere to interpose, prohibit;
inter between + dicere to say. See Diction.]

1. A prohibitory order or decree; a prohibition.
These are not fruits forbidden; no interdict Defends the touching of
these viands pure. Milton.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A prohibition of the pope, by which the clergy or laymen are
restrained from performing, or from attending, divine service, or
from administering the offices or enjoying the privileges of the
church.

3. (Scots Law)

Defn: An order of the court of session, having the like purpose and
effect with a writ of injunction out of chancery in England and
America.

INTERDICTION
In`ter*dic"tion, n. Etym: [L. interdictio: cf. F. interdiction.]

Defn: The act of interdicting; prohibition; prohibiting decree;
curse; interdict.
The truest issue of thy throne By his own interdiction stands
accurst. Shak.

INTERDICTIVE
In`ter*dict"ive, a.

Defn: Having the power to prohibit; as, an interdictive sentence.
Milton.

INTERDICTORY
In`ter*dict"o*ry, a. Etym: [L. interdictorius.]

Defn: Belonging to an interdiction; prohibitory.

INTERDIGITAL
In`ter*dig"i*tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between the fingers or toes; as, interdigital space.

INTERDIGITATE
In`ter*dig"i*tate, v. t.

Defn: To interweave. [R.]

INTERDIGITATE
In`ter*dig"i*tate, v. i. Etym: [Pref. inter- + L. digitus finger.]

Defn: To interlock, as the fingers of two hands that are joined; to
be interwoven; to commingle. Owen.

INTERDIGITATION
In`ter*dig`i*ta"tion, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The state of interdigitating; interdigital space. Owen.

INTERDOME
In"ter*dome`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The open space between the inner and outer shells of a dome or
cupola of masonry.

INTERDUCE
In"ter*duce, n. Etym: [Cf. F. entre-deux, literally, between two.]
(Carp.)

Defn: An intertie.

INTEREPIMERAL
In"ter*e*pim"er*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Between the epimeral plates of insects and crustaceans.

INTEREQUINOCTIAL
In`ter*e`qui*noc"tial, a.

Defn: Coming between the equinoxes.
Summer and winter I have called interequinoctial intervals. F.
Balfour.

INTERESS
In"ter*ess, v. t. Etym: [See Interest, v. t.]

Defn: To interest or affect. [Obs.] Hooker.

INTERESSE
In"ter*esse, n.

Defn: Interest. [Obs.] Spenser.

INTEREST
In"ter*est, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interested; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interesting.] Etym: [From interess'd, p. p. of the older form
interess, fr. F. intéresser, L. interesse. See Interest, n.]

1. To engage the attention of; to awaken interest in; to excite
emotion or passion in, in behalf of a person or thing; as, the
subject did not interest him; to interest one in charitable work.
To love our native country . . . to be interested in its concerns is
natural to all men. Dryden.
A goddess who used to interest herself in marriages. Addison.

2. To be concerned with or engaged in; to affect; to concern; to
excite; -- often used impersonally. [Obs.]
Or rather, gracious sir, Create me to this glory, since my cause Doth
interest this fair quarrel. Ford.

3. To cause or permit to share. [Obs.]
The mystical communion of all faithful men is such as maketh every
one to be interested in those precious blessings which any one of
them receiveth at God's hands. Hooker.

Syn.
 -- To concern; excite; attract; entertain; engage; occupy; hold.

INTEREST
In"ter*est, n. Etym: [OF. interest, F. intérêt, fr. L. interest it
interests, is of interest, fr. interesse to be between, to be
difference, to be importance; inter between + esse to be; cf. LL.
interesse usury. See Essence.]

1. Excitement of feeling, whether pleasant or painful, accompanying
special attention to some object; concern.

Note: Interest expresses mental excitement of various kinds and
degrees. It may be intellectual, or sympathetic and emotional, or
merely personal; as, an interest in philosophical research; an
interest in human suffering; the interest which an avaricious man
takes in money getting.
So much interest have I in thy sorrow. Shak.

2. Participation in advantage, profit, and responsibility; share;
portion; part; as, an interest in a brewery; he has parted with his
interest in the stocks.

3. Advantage, personal or general; good, regarded as a selfish
benefit; profit; benefit.
Divisions hinder the common interest and public good. Sir W. Temple.
When interest calls of all her sneaking train. Pope.

4. Premium paid for the use of money, -- usually reckoned as a
percentage; as, interest at five per cent per annum on ten thousand
dollars.
They have told their money, and let out Their coin upon large
interest. Shak.

5. Any excess of advantage over and above an exact equivalent for
what is given or rendered.
You shall have your desires with interest. Shak.

6. The persons interested in any particular business or measure,
taken collectively; as, the iron interest; the cotton interest.
Compound interest, interest, not only on the original principal, but
also on unpaid interest from the time it fell due.
 -- Simple interest, interest on the principal sum without interest
on overdue interest.

INTERESTED
In"ter*est*ed, a. Etym: [See Interest, v. t.]

1. Having the attention engaged; having emotion or passion excited;
as, an interested listener.

2. Having an interest; concerned in a cause or in consequences;
liable to be affected or prejudiced; as, an interested witness.

INTERESTEDNESS
In"ter*est*ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being interested; selfishness.
Richardson.

INTERESTING
In"ter*est*ing, a.

Defn: Engaging the attention; exciting, or adapted to excite,
interest, curiosity, or emotion; as, an interesting story;
interesting news. Cowper.

INTERESTINGLY
In"ter*est*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In an interesting manner.

INTERESTINGNESS
In"ter*est*ing*ness, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being interesting. A. Smith.

INTERFACIAL
In`ter*fa"cial, a. (Geom.)

Defn: Included between two plane surfaces or faces; as, an
interfacial angle.

INTERFASCICULAR
In`ter*fas*cic"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between fascicles or bundles; as, the interfascicular spaces of
connective tissue.

INTERFERANT
In`ter*fer"ant, n. (Law)

Defn: One of the contestants in interference before the Patent
Office. [U.S.]

INTERFERE
In`ter*fere", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Interfered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interfering.] Etym: [OF. entreferir to strike each other; entre
between (L. inter) + OF. ferir to strike, F. férir, fr. L. ferire.
See Ferula.]

1. To come in collision; to be in opposition; to clash; as,
interfering claims, or commands.

2. To enter into, or take a part in, the concerns of others; to
intermeddle; to interpose.
To interfere with party disputes. Swift.
There was no room for anyone to interfere with his own opinions. Bp.
Warburton.

3. To strike one foot against the opposite foot or ankle in using the
legs; -- sometimes said of a human being, but usually of a horse; as,
the horse interferes.

4. (Physics)

Defn: To act reciprocally, so as to augment, diminish, or otherwise
affect one another; -- said of waves, rays of light, heat, etc. See
Interference, 2.

5. (Patent Law)

Defn: To cover the same ground; to claim the same invention.

Syn.
 -- To interpose; intermeddle. See Interpose.

INTERFERENCE
In`ter*fer"ence, n. Etym: [See Interfere.]

1. The act or state of interfering; as, the stoppage of a machine by
the interference of some of its parts; a meddlesome interference in
the business of others.

2. (Physics)

Defn: The mutual influence, under certain conditions, of two streams
of light, or series of pulsations of sound, or, generally, two waves
or vibrations of any kind, producing certain characteristic
phenomena, as colored fringes, dark bands, or darkness, in the case
of light, silence or increased intensity in sounds; neutralization or
superposition of waves generally.

Note: The term is most commonly applied to light, and the undulatory
theory of light affords the proper explanation of the phenomena which
are considered to be produced by the superposition of waves, and are
thus substantially identical in their origin with the phenomena of
heat, sound, waves of water, and the like.

3. (Patent Law)

Defn: The act or state of interfering, or of claiming a right to the
same invention. Interference figures (Optics), the figures observed
when certain sections of crystallized bodies are viewed in converging
polarized light; thus, a section of a uniaxial crystal, cut normal to
the vertical axis, shows a series of concentric colored rings with a
single black cross; -- so called because produced by the interference
of luminous waves.
 -- Interference fringe. (Optics) See Fringe.

INTERFERER
In`ter*fer"er, n.

Defn: One who interferes.

INTERFERINGLY
In`ter*fer"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By or with interference.

INTERFEROMETER
In`ter*fe*rom"e*ter, n. [See Interfere and -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring small movements, distances, or
displacements by means of the interference of two beams of light; --
called also refractometer.

INTERFLOW
In`ter*flow", v. i.

Defn: To flow in. [R.] Holland.

INTERFLUENT; INTERFLUOUS
In*ter"flu*ent, In*ter"flu*ous, a. Etym: [L. interfluens, p. pr., and
interfluus. See Inter-, and Fluent.]

Defn: Flowing between or among; intervening. Boyle.

INTERFOLDED
In`ter*fold"ed, p. a.

Defn: Intertwined; interlocked; clasped together. Longfellow.

INTERFOLIACEOUS
In`ter*fo`li*a"ceous, a. Etym: [Pref. inter- + foliaceous: cf. F.
interfoliacé.] (Bot.)

Defn: At the same node with opposite or whorled leaves, but occupying
a position between their places of attachment.

INTERFOLIATE
In`ter*fo"li*ate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. inter- + L. folium leaf.]

Defn: To interleave. [Obs.] Evelyn.

INTERFOLLICULAR
In`ter*fol*lic"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between follicles; as, the interfollicular septa in a lymphatic
gland.

INTERFRETTED
In`ter*fret"ted, a. (Her.)

Defn: Interlaced; linked together; -- said of charges or bearings.
See Fretted.

INTERFULGENT
In`ter*ful"gent, a. Etym: [L. interfulgens, p. pr. See Inter-, and
Fulgent.]

Defn: Shining between.

INTERFUSE
In`ter*fuse" (, v. t. Etym: [L. interfusus, p. p. of interfundere to
pour between; inter between + fundere to pour. See Fuse to melt.]

1. To pour or spread between or among; to diffuse; to scatter.
The ambient air, wide interfused, Embracing round this florid earth.
Milton.

2. To spread through; to permeate; to pervade. [R.]
Keats, in whom the moral seems to have so perfectly interfused the
physical man, that you might almost say he could feel sorrow with his
hands. Lowell.

3. To mix up together; to associate. H. Spencer.

INTERFUSION
In`ter*fu"sion, n. Etym: [L. interfusio.]

Defn: The act of interfusing, or the state of being interfused.
Coleridge.

INTERGANGLIONIC
In`ter*gan`gli*on"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between and uniting the nervous ganglions; as, interganglionic
cords.

INTERGLOBULAR
In`ter*glob"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between globules; -- applied esp. to certain small spaces,
surrounded by minute globules, in dentine.

INTERGRAVE
In`ter*grave", v. t. [imp. Intergraved; p. p. Intergraved or
Intergraven (p. pr. & vb. n. Intergraving.]

Defn: To grave or carve between; to engrave in the alternate
sections.
The work itself of the bases, was intergraven. 3 Kings vii. 28 (Douay
version. )

INTERHEMAL; INTERHAEMAL
In`ter*he"mal, In`ter*hæ"mal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between the hemal arches or hemal spines.
 -- n.

Defn: An interhemal spine or cartilage.

INTERHYAL
In`ter*hy"al, a. Etym: [Inter- + the Greek letter (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a segment sometimes present at the proximal
end of the hyoidean arch.
 -- n.

Defn: An interhyal ligament or cartilage.

INTERIM
In"ter*im, n. Etym: [L., fr. inter between + im, an old accusative of
is he, this, that.]

1. The meantime; time intervening; interval between events, etc.
All the interim is Like a phantasms, or a hideous dream. Shak.

2. (Hist.)

Defn: A name given to each of three compromises made by the emperor
Charles V. of Germany for the sake of harmonizing the connecting
opinions of Protestants and Catholics.

INTERIOR
In*te"ri*or, a. Etym: [L., compar. fr. inter between: cf. F.
intérieur. See Inter-, and cf. Intimate.]

1. Being within any limits, inclosure, or substance; inside;
internal; inner; -- opposed to exterior, or superficial; as, the
interior apartments of a house; the interior surface of a hollow
ball.

2. Remote from the limits, frontier, or shore; inland; as, the
interior parts of a region or country. Interior angle (Geom.), an
angle formed between two sides, within any rectilinear figure, as a
polygon, or between two parallel lines by these lines and another
intersecting them; -- called also internal angle.
 -- Interior planets (Astron.), those planets within the orbit of the
earth.
 -- Interior screw, a screw cut on an interior surface, as in a nut;
a female screw.

Syn.
 -- Internal; inside; inner; inland; inward.

INTERIOR
In*te"ri*or, n.

1. That which is within; the internal or inner part of a thing; the
inside.

2. The inland part of a country, state, or kingdom. Department of the
Interior, that department of the government of the United States
which has charge of pensions, patents, public lands and surveys, the
Indians, education, etc.; that department of the government of a
country which is specially charged with the internal affairs of that
country; the home department.
 -- Secretary of the Interior, the cabinet officer who, in the United
States, is at the head of the Department of the Interior.

INTERIORITY
In*te`ri*or"i*ty, n.

Defn: State of being interior.

INTERIORLY
In*te"ri*or*ly, adv.

Defn: Internally; inwardly.

INTERJACENCE; INTERJACENCY
In`ter*ja"cence, In`ter*ja"cen*cy, n. Etym: [See Interjacent.]

Defn: The state of being between; a coming or lying between or among;
intervention; also, that which lies between.
England and Scotland is divided only by the interjacency of the
Tweed. Sir M. Hale.

INTERJACENT
In`ter*ja"cent, a. Etym: [L. interjacens, -entis, p. pr. of
interjacere to lie between; inter between + jac to lie.]

Defn: Lying or being between or among; intervening; as, interjacent
isles. Sir W. Raleigh.

INTERJACULATE
In`ter*jac"u*late, v. t.

Defn: To ejaculate parenthetically. [R.] Thackeray.

INTERJANGLE
In`ter*jan"gle, v. i.

Defn: To make a dissonant, discordant noise one with another; to talk
or chatter noisily. [R.] Daniel.

INTERJECT
In`ter*ject", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interjected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interjecting.] Etym: [L. interjectus, p. p. of interjicere to
interject; inter between + jac to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.]

Defn: To throw in between; to insert; to interpose. Sir H. Wotton.

INTERJECT
In`ter*ject", v. i.

Defn: To throw one's self between or among; to come between; to
interpose. Sir G. Buck.

INTERJECTION
In`ter*jec"tion, n. Etym: [L. interjectio: cf. F. interjection. See
Interject.]

1. The act of interjecting or throwing between; also, that which is
interjected.
The interjection of laughing. Bacon.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A word or form of speech thrown in to express emotion or
feeling, as O! Alas! Ha ha! Begone! etc. Compare Exclamation.
An interjection implies a meaning which it would require a whole
grammatical sentence to expound, and it may be regarded as the
rudiment of such a sentence. But it is a confusion of thought to rank
it among the parts of speech. Earle.
How now! interjections Why, then, some be of laughing, as, ah, ha,
he! Shak.

INTERJECTIONAL
In`ter*jec"tion*al, a.

1. Thrown in between other words or phrases; parenthetical;
ejaculatory; as, an interjectional remark.

2. Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an interjection;
consisting of natural and spontaneous exclamations.
Certain of the natural accompaniments of interjectional speech, such
as gestures, grimaces, and gesticulations, are restrained by
civilization. Earle.

INTERJECTIONALIZE
In`ter*jec"tion*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To convert into, or to use as, an interjection. Earle.

INTERJECTIONALLY
In`ter*jec"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an interjectional manner. G. Eliot.

INTERJECTIONARY
In`ter*jec"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Interjectional.

INTERJOIN
In`ter*join", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interjoined; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interjoining.] Etym: [Pref. inter + join.]

Defn: To join mutually; to unite. [R.] Shak.

INTERJOIST
In"ter*joist`, n. (Carp.)

1. The space or interval between two joists. Gwilt.

2. A middle joist or crossbeam. De Colange.

INTERJUNCTION
In`ter*junc"tion, n. Etym: [L. interjunctus, p. p. of interjungere to
join together. See Inter-, and Join, and cf. Interjoin.]

Defn: A mutual joining. [R.]

INTERKNIT
In`ter*knit", v. t.

Defn: To knit together; to unite closely; to intertwine.

INTERKNOW
In`ter*know", v. t.

Defn: To know mutually. [Obs.]

INTERKNOWLEDGE
In`ter*knowl"edge, n.

Defn: Mutual knowledge or acquaintance. [Obs.] Bacon.

INTERLACE
In`ter*lace", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Interlaced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interlacing.] Etym: [OE. entrelacen, F. entrelacer. See Inter-, and
Lace.]

Defn: To unite, as by lacing together; to insert or interpose one
thing within another; to intertwine; to interweave.
Severed into stripes That interlaced each other. Cowper.
The epic way is every where interlaced with dialogue. Dryden.
Interlacing arches (Arch.), arches, usually circular, so constructed
that their archivolts intersect and seem to be interlaced.

INTERLACEMENT
In`ter*lace"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. entrelacement.]

Defn: The act of interlacing, or the state of being interlaced; also,
that which is interlaced.

INTERLAMELLAR; INTERLAMINAR
In`ter*lam"el*lar, In`ter*lam"i*nar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between lammellæ or laminæ; as, interlamellar spaces.

INTERLAMINATED
In`ter*lam"i*na`ted, a.

Defn: Placed between, or containing, laminæ or plates.

INTERLAMINATION
In`ter*lam`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: The state of being interlaminated.

INTERLAPSE
In"ter*lapse`, n. Etym: [Pref. inter- + lapse: cf. L. interlabi,
interlapsus, to fall, slide, or flow, between.]

Defn: The lapse or interval of time between two events. [R.] Harvey.

INTERLARD
In`ter*lard", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interlarded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interlarding.] Etym: [F. entrelarder. See Inter-, and Lard.]

1. To place lard or bacon amongst; to mix, as fat meat with lean.
[Obs.]
Whose grain doth rise in flakes, with fatness interlarded. Drayton.

2. Hence: To insert between; to mix or mingle; especially, to
introduce that which is foreign or irrelevant; as, to interlard a
conservation with oaths or allusions.
The English laws . . . [were] mingled and interlarded with many
particular laws of their own. Sir M. Hale.
They interlard their native drinks with choice Of strongest brandy.
J. Philips.

INTERLAY
In`ter*lay", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interlaid; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interlaying.]

Defn: To lay or place among or between. Daniel.

INTERLEAF
In"ter*leaf`, n.; pl. Interleaves. Etym: [See Interleave.]

Defn: A leaf inserted between other leaves; a blank leaf inserted, as
in a book.

INTERLEAVE
In`ter*leave", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interleaved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interleaving.] Etym: [Pref. inter- + leaf.]

Defn: To insert a leaf or leaves in; to bind with blank leaves
inserted between the others; as, to interleave a book.

INTERLIBEL
In`ter*li"bel, v. t.

Defn: To libel mutually.

INTERLINE
In`ter*line", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interlined; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interlining.] Etym: [Pref. inter- + line: cf. LL. interlineare, F.
interlinéer, OF. entreligner.]

1. To write or insert between lines already written or printed, as
for correction or addition; to write or print something between the
lines of; as, to interline a page or a book. Swift.

2. To arrange in alternate lines; as, to interline Latin and English.
Locke.

3. To mark or imprint with lines.
A crooked wrinkle interlines my brow. Marlowe.

INTERLINEAL; INTERLINEAR
In`ter*lin"e*al, In`ter*lin"e*ar, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. interlinearis, F.
interlinéaire.]

Defn: Contained between lines; written or inserted between lines
already written or printed; containing interlineations; as, an
interlinear manuscript, translation, etc.
 -- In`ter*lin"e*ar*ly, adv.

INTERLINEARY
In`ter*lin"e*a*ry, a.

Defn: Interlinear.
 -- n.

Defn: A book containing interlineations. [R.]

INTERLINEATION
In`ter*lin`e*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. interlinéation.]

1. The act of interlining.

2. That which is interlined; a passage, word, or line inserted
between lines already written or printed.

INTERLINING
In`ter*lin"ing, n.

Defn: Correction or alteration by writing between the lines;
interlineation. Bp. Burnet.

INTERLINK
In`ter*link", v. t.

Defn: To link together; to join, as one chain to another. Dryden.

INTERLINK
In`ter*link", n.

Defn: An intermediate or connecting link.

INTERLOBAR
In`ter*lo"bar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between lobes; as, the interlobar notch of the liver; the
interlobar ducts of a gland.

INTERLOBULAR
In`ter*lob"u*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. inter- + lobular: cf. F.
interlobulaire.] (Anat.)

Defn: Between lobules; as, the interlobular branches of the portal
vein.

INTERLOCATION
In`ter*lo*ca"tion, n.

Defn: A placing or coming between; interposition.

INTERLOCK
In`ter*lock", v. i.

Defn: To unite, embrace, communicate with, or flow into, one another;
to be connected in one system; to lock into one another; to interlace
firmly.

INTERLOCK
In`ter*lock", v. t.

Defn: To unite by locking or linking together; to secure in place by
mutual fastening.
My lady with her fingers interlocked. Tennyson.

INTERLOCUTION
In`ter*lo*cu"tion, n. Etym: [L. interlocutio, from interloqui,
interlocutus, to speak between; inter between + loqui to speak: cf.
F. interlocution. See Loquacious.]

1. Interchange of speech; dialogue; conversation; conference.

2. (Law)

Defn: An intermediate act or decree before final decision. Ayliffe.

3. Hence, intermediate argument or discussion.

INTERLOCUTOR
In`ter*loc"u*tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. interlocuteur.]

1. One who takes part in dialogue or conversation; a talker,
interpreter, or questioner. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Law)

Defn: An interlocutory judgment or sentence.

INTERLOCUTORY
In`ter*loc"u*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. interlocutorius, F.
interlocutoire.]

1. Consisting of, or having the nature of, dialogue; conversational.
Interlocutory discourses in the Holy Scriptures. Fiddes.

2. (Law)

Defn: Intermediate; not final or definitive; made or done during the
progress of an action.

Note: An order, sentence, decree, or judgment, given in an
intermediate stage between the commencement and termination of a
cause, is called interlocutory.

INTERLOCUTORY
In`ter*loc"u*to*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. interlocutoire.]

Defn: Interpolated discussion or dialogue.

INTERLOCUTRICE
In`ter*loc"u*trice, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A female interlocutor.

INTERLOPE
In`ter*lope", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Interloped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interloping.] Etym: [See Interloper.]

Defn: To run between parties and intercept without right the
advantage that one should gain from the other; to traffic without a
proper license; to intrude; to forestall others; to intermeddle.

INTERLOPER
In"ter*lo`per, n. Etym: [Pref. inter- + D. looper a runner, fr.
loopen to run; akin to E. leap. See Leap, and cf. Elope.]

Defn: One who interlopes; one who interlopes; one who unlawfully
intrudes upon a property, a station, or an office; one who interferes
wrongfully or officiously.
The untrained man, . . . the interloper as to the professions. I.
Taylor.

INTERLUCATE
In`ter*lu"cate, v. t. Etym: [L. interlucatus, p. p. of interlucare;
inter between + lux, lucis, light.]

Defn: To let in light upon, as by cutting away branches. [Obs.]

INTERLUCATION
In`ter*lu*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. interlucatio.]

Defn: Act of thinning a wood to let in light. [Obs.] Evelyn.

INTERLUCENT
In`ter*lu"cent, a. Etym: [L. interlucens, p. pr. See Inter-, and
Lucent.]

Defn: Shining between.

INTERLUDE
In`ter*lude, n. Etym: [OE. enterlude, LL. interludium; LL. inter
between + ludus play, fr. ludere to play: cf. F. interlude. See
Ludicrous.]

1. A short entertainment exhibited on the stage between the acts of a
play, or between the play and the afterpiece, to relieve the tedium
of waiting.
Dreams are but interludes, which fancy makes When monarch reason
sleeps. Dryden.

2. A form of English drama or play, usually short, merry, and
farcical, which succeeded the Moralities or Moral Plays in the
transition to the romantic or Elizabethan drama.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A short piece of instrumental music played between the parts of
a song or cantata, or the acts of a drama; especially, in church
music, a short passage played by the organist between the stanzas of
a hymn, or in German chorals after each line.

INTERLUDED
In"ter*lu`ded, a.

Defn: Inserted in the manner of an interlude; having or containing
interludes.

INTERLUDER
In"ter*lu`der, n.

Defn: An actor who performs in an interlude. B. Jonson.

INTERLUENCY
In"ter*lu`en*cy, n. Etym: [L. interluens, p. pr. of interluere to
flow between; inter + luere.]

Defn: A flowing between; intervening water. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

INTERLUNAR; INTERLUNARY
In`ter*lu"nar, In`ter*lu"na*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. inter- + lunar: cf.
L. interlunis.]

Defn: Belonging or pertaining to the time when the moon, at or near
its conjunction with the sun, is invisible. Milton.

INTERMANDIBULAR
In`ter*man*dib"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between the mandibles; interramal; as, the intermandibular
space.

INTERMARRIAGE
In`ter*mar"riage, n.

Defn: Connection by marriage; reciprocal marriage; giving and taking
in marriage, as between two families, tribes, castes, or nations.

INTERMARRY
In`ter*mar"ry, v. i.

Defn: To become connected by marriage between their members; to give
and take mutually in marriage; -- said of families, ranks, castes,
etc.
About the middle of the fourth century from the building of Rome, it
was declared lawful for nobles and plebeians to intermarry. Swift.

INTERMAXILLA
In`ter*max*il"la, n.; pl. Intermaxillæ (. (Anat.)

Defn: See Premaxilla.

INTERMAXILLARY
In`ter*max"il*la*ry, a. (Anat.) (a) Between the maxillary bones. (b)
Of or pertaining to the intermaxillæ.
 -- n.

Defn: An intermaxilla.

INTERMEAN
In"ter*mean`, n.

Defn: Something done in the meantime; interlude. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

INTERMEATION
In`ter*me*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. intermeare, intermeatum; to go
between; inter between + meare to go.]

Defn: A flowing between. [Obs.] Bailey.

INTERMEDDLE
In`ter*med"dle, v. i. Etym: [OE. entremedlen, entermellen, to mix
together, OF. entremedler, entremeller, entremesler, F. entremêler.
See Inter-, and Meddle.]

Defn: To meddle with the affairs of others; to meddle officiously; to
interpose or interfere improperly; to mix or meddle with.
The practice of Spain hath been, by war and by conditions of treaty,
to intermeddle with foreign states. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- To interpose; interfere. See Interpose.

INTERMEDDLE
In`ter*med"dle, v. t.

Defn: To intermix; to mingle. [Obs.]
Many other adventures are intermeddled. Spenser.

INTERMEDDLER
In`ter*med"dler, n.

Defn: One who meddles with, or intrudes into, the affairs of others.
Swift.

INTERMEDDLESOME
In`ter*med"dle*some, a.

Defn: Inclined or disposed to intermeddle.
 -- In`ter*med"dle*some*ness, n.

INTERMEDDLING
In`ter*med"dling, n.

Defn: The act of improperly interfering. Burke.

INTERMEDE
In"ter*mede, n. Etym: [F. intermède, fr. L. inter between + medius,
adj., middle; cf. It. intermedio. Cf. Intermezzo.]

Defn: A short musical dramatic piece, of a light and pleasing,
sometimes a burlesque, character; an interlude introduced between the
acts of a play or an opera.

INTERMEDIACY
In`ter*me"di*a*cy, n. Etym: [From Intermediate.]

Defn: Interposition; intervention. Derham.

INTERMEDIAE
In`ter*me"di*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. intermedius intermedial.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The middle pair of tail feathers, or middle rectrices.

INTERMEDIAL
In`ter*me"di*al, a. Etym: [Pref. inter- + medial: cf. L.
intermedius.]

Defn: Lying between; intervening; intermediate. "Intermedial colors."
Evelyn.

INTERMEDIAN
In`ter*me"di*an, a.

Defn: Intermediate. [Obs.]

INTERMEDIARY
In`ter*me"di*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. intermédiaire.]

Defn: Lying, coming, or done, between; intermediate; as, an
intermediary project. Intermediary amputation (Surg.), an amputation
for injury, performed after inflammation has set in.

INTERMEDIARY
In`ter*me"di*a*ry, n.; pl. Intermediaries (.

Defn: One who, or that which, is intermediate; an interagent; a go-
between.

INTERMEDIATE
In`ter*me"di*ate, a. Etym: [Pref. inter- + mediate: cf. F.
intermédiat.]

Defn: Lying or being in the middle place or degree, or between two
extremes; coming or done between; intervening; interposed;
interjacent; as, an intermediate space or time; intermediate colors.
Intermediate state (Theol.), the state or condition of the soul
between the death and the resurrection of the body.
 -- Intermediate terms (Math.), the terms of a progression or series
between the first and the last (which are called the extremes); the
means.
 -- Intermediate tie. (Arch.) Same as Intertie.

INTERMEDIATE
In`ter*me"di*ate, v. i.

Defn: To come between; to intervene; to interpose. Milton.

INTERMEDIATELY
In`ter*me"di*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: In an intermediate manner; by way of intervention.

INTERMEDIATION
In`ter*me`di*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of coming between; intervention; interposition. Burke.

INTERMEDIATOR
In`ter*me"di*a`tor, n.

Defn: A mediator.

INTERMEDIOUS
In`ter*me"di*ous, a. Etym: [L. intermedius.]

Defn: Intermediate. [R.] Cudworth.

INTERMEDIUM
In`ter*me"di*um, n.; pl. Intermediums, L. Intermedia. Etym: [NL.,
neut. of L. intermedius intermediate.]

1. Intermediate space. [R.]

2. An intervening agent or instrument. Cowper.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The bone or cartilage between the radiale and ulnare in the
carpus, and between the tibiale and fibulare in the tarsus. It
corresponds to the lunar in the carpus, and to a part of the
astragalus in the tarsus of man and most mammals.

INTERMELL
In`ter*mell", v. i. & t. Etym: [See Intermeddle.]

Defn: To intermeddle; to intermix. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher.

INTERMEMBRAL
In`ter*mem"bral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between members or limbs; as, intermembral homology, the
correspondence of the limbs with each other.

INTERMEMBRANOUS
In`ter*mem"bra*nous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Within or beneath a membrane; as, intermembranous ossification.

INTERMENT
In*ter"ment, n. Etym: [OE. enterment, F. enterrement. See Inter, v.
t.]

Defn: The act or ceremony of depositing a dead body in the earth;
burial; sepulture; inhumation. T. Warton.

INTERMENTION
In`ter*men"tion, v. t.

Defn: To mention among other things, or casually or incidentally.
[Obs.]

INTERMESENTERIC
In`ter*mes`en*ter"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Within the mesentery; as, the intermesenteric, or aortic,
plexus.

INTERMETACARPAL
In`ter*me`ta*car"pal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between the metacarpal bones.

INTERMETATARSAL
In`ter*me`ta*tar"sal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between the metatarsal bones.

INTERMEZZO
In`ter*mez"zo, n. Etym: [It. See Intermede.] (Mus.)

Defn: An interlude; an intermede. See Intermede.

INTERMICATE
In`ter*mi"cate, v. i. Etym: [L. intermicare; inter- between + micare
to glitter.]

Defn: To flash or shine between or among. [R.] Blount.

INTERMICATION
In`ter*mi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: A shining between or among. [R.] Smart.

INTERMIGRATION
In`ter*mi*gra"tion, n.

Defn: Reciprocal migration; interchange of dwelling place by
migration. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

INTERMINABLE
In*ter"mi*na*ble, a. Etym: [L. interminabilis: cf. F. interminable.
See Terminate.]

Defn: Without termination; admitting no limit; boundless; endless;
wearisomely protracted; as, interminable space or duration;
interminable sufferings.
That wild interminable waste of waves. Grainger.

Syn.
 -- Boundless; endless; limitless; illimitable; immeasurable;
infinite; unbounded; unlimited.

INTERMINABLENESS
In*ter"mi*na*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being endless.

INTERMINABLY
In*ter"mi*na*bly, adv.

Defn: Without end or limit.

INTERMINATE
In*ter"mi*nate, a. Etym: [L. interminatus; in- not + terminatus, p.
p. of terminate.]

Defn: Endless; as, interminate sleep. Chapman.

INTERMINATE
In*ter"mi*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. interminatus, p. p. of interminari;
inter between + minari to threaten.]

Defn: To menace; to threaten. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

INTERMINATED
In*ter"mi*na`ted, a.

Defn: Interminable; interminate; endless; unending. [Obs.] Akenside.

INTERMINATION
In*ter`mi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. interminatio.]

Defn: A menace or threat. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

INTERMINE
In`ter*mine", v. t.

Defn: To intersect or penetrate with mines. [Obs.] Drayton.

INTERMINGLE
In`ter*min"gle, v. t.

Defn: To mingle or mix together; to intermix. Hooker.

INTERMINGLE
In`ter*min"gle, v. i.

Defn: To be mixed or incorporated.
Party and faction will intermingle. Swift.

INTERMISE
In"ter*mise, n. Etym: [Cf. F. entremise. See Intermission.]

Defn: Interference; interposition. [Obs.] Bacon.

INTERMISSION
In`ter*mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. intermissio: cf. F. intermission. See
Intermit.]

1. The act or the state of intermitting; the state of being neglected
or disused; disuse; discontinuance. B. Jonson.

2. Cessation for a time; an intervening period of time; an interval;
a temporary pause; as, to labor without intermission; an intermission
of ten minutes.
Rest or intermission none I find. Milton.

3. (Med.)

Defn: The temporary cessation or subsidence of a fever; the space of
time between the paroxysms of a disease. Intermission is an entire
cessation, as distinguished from remission, or abatement of fever.

4. Intervention; interposition. [Obs.] Heylin.

Syn.
 -- Cessation; interruption; interval; pause; stop; rest; suspension.
See Cessation.

INTERMISSIVE
In`ter*mis"sive, a.

Defn: Having temporary cessations; not continual; intermittent.
"Intermissive miseries." Shak. "Intermissive wars." Howell.

INTERMIT
In`ter*mit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intermitted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intermitting.] Etym: [L. intermittere; inter between + mittere,
missum, to send: cf. OE. entremeten to busy (one's self) with, F.
s'entremettre. See Missile.]

Defn: To cause to cease for a time, or at intervals; to interrupt; to
suspend.
Pray to the gods to intermit the plague. Shak.

INTERMIT
In`ter*mit", v. i.

Defn: To cease for a time or at intervals; to moderate; to be
intermittent, as a fever. Pope.

INTERMITTENCE
In`ter*mit"tence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. intermittence.]

Defn: Act or state of intermitting; intermission. Tyndall.

INTERMITTENT
In`ter*mit"tent, a. Etym: [L. intermittens, -entis, p. pr. of
intermittere: cf. F. intermittent.]

Defn: Coming and going at intervals; alternating; recurrent;
periodic; as, an intermittent fever. Boyle. Intermittent fever
(Med.), a disease with fever which recurs at certain intervals; --
applied particularly to fever and ague. See Fever.
 -- Intermittent gearing (Mach.), gearing which receives, or
produces, intermittent motion.
 -- Intermittent springs, springs which flow at intervals, not
apparently dependent upon rain or drought. They probably owe their
intermittent action to their being connected with natural reservoirs
in hills or mountains by passages having the form of a siphon, the
water beginning to flow when it has accumulated so as to fill the
upper part of the siphon, and ceasing when, by running through it, it
has fallen below the orifice of the upper part of the siphon in the
reservoir.

INTERMITTENT
In`ter*mit"tent, n. (Med.)

Defn: An intermittent fever or disease. Dunglison.

INTERMITTENTLY
In`ter*mit"tent*ly, adv.

Defn: With intermissions; in an intermittent manner; intermittingly.

INTERMITTINGLY
In`ter*mit"ting*ly, adv.

Defn: With intermissions; at intervals. W. Montagu.

INTERMIX
In`ter*mix", v. t.

Defn: To mix together; to intermingle.
In yonder spring of roses, intermixed With myrtle, find what to
redress till noon. Milton.

INTERMIX
In`ter*mix", v. i.

Defn: To be mixed together; to be intermingled.

INTERMIXEDLY
In`ter*mix"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a mixed manner.

INTERMIXTURE
In`ter*mix"ture, n.

1. A mass formed by mixture; a mass of ingredients mixed. Boyle.

2. Admixture; an additional ingredient.
In this height of impiety there wanted not an intermixture of levity
and folly. Bacon.

INTERMOBILITY
In`ter*mo*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capacity of things to move among each other; as, the
intermobility of fluid particles.

INTERMODILLION
In`ter*mo*dil"lion, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The space between two modillions.

INTERMONTANE
In`ter*mon"tane, a. Etym: [Pref. inter- + L. montanus belonging to a
mountain, fr. mons, montis, mountain.]

Defn: Between mountains; as, intermontane soil.

INTERMUNDANE
In`ter*mun"dane, a.

Defn: Being, between worlds or orbs. [R.] "Intermundane spaces."
Locke.

INTERMUNDIAN
In`ter*mun"di*an, a.

Defn: Intermundane. [Obs.]

INTERMURAL
In`ter*mu"ral, a.

Defn: Lying between walls; inclosed by walls.

INTERMURE
In`ter*mure", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intermured; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intermuring.] Etym: [Pref. inter- + L. murus wall.]

Defn: To wall in; to inclose. [Obs.] Ford.

INTERMUSCULAR
In`ter*mus"cu*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between muscles; as, intermuscular septa.

INTERMUTATION
In`ter*mu*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Interchange; mutual or reciprocal change.

INTERMUTUAL
In`ter*mu"tu*al, a.

Defn: Mutual. [Obs.] Daniel.
 -- In`ter*mu"tu*al*ly, adv. [Obs.]

INTERN
In*tern", a. Etym: [L. internus: cf. F. interne. See Internal.]

Defn: Internal. [Obs.] Howell.

INTERN
In*tern", v. t. Etym: [F. interne. See Intern, a.]

Defn: To put for safe keeping in the interior of a place or country;
to confine to one locality; as, to intern troops which have fled for
refuge to a neutral country.

INTERNAL
In*tern"al, a. Etym: [L. internus; akin to interior. See Interior.]

1. Inward; interior; being within any limit or surface; inclosed; --
opposed to external; as, the internal parts of a body, or of the
earth.

2. Derived from, or dependent on, the thing itself; inherent; as, the
internal evidence of the divine origin of the Scriptures.

3. Pertaining to its own affairs or interests; especially, (said of a
country) domestic, as opposed to foreign; as, internal trade;
internal troubles or war.

4. Pertaining to the inner being or the heart; spiritual.
With our Savior, internal purity is everything. Paley.

5. Intrinsic; inherent; real. [R.]
The internal rectitude of our actions in the sight of God. Rogers.

6. (Anat.)

Defn: Lying toward the mesial plane; mesial. Internal angle (Geom.),
an interior angle. See under Interior.
 -- Internal gear (Mach.), a gear in which the teeth project inward
from the rim instead of outward.

Syn.
 -- Inner; interior; inward; inland; inside.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION; INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE
In*ter"nal-com*bus"tion, a. (Mach.)

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, any engine (called an Internal-
combustion engine) in which the heat or pressure energy necessary to
produce motion is developed in the engine cylinder, as by the
explosion of a gas, and not in a separate chamber, as in a steam-
engine boiler. The gas used may be a fixed gas, or one derived from
alcohol, ether, gasoline (petrol), naphtha, oil (petroleum), etc.
There are three main classes: (1) gas engines proper, using fixed
gases, as coal, blast-furnace, or producer gas; (2) engines using the
vapor of a volatile fluid, as the typical gasoline (petrol) engine;
(3) oil engines, using either an atomized spray or the vapor
(produced by heat) of a comparatively heavy oil, as petroleum or
kerosene. In all of these the gas is mixed with a definite amount of
air, the charge is composed in the cylinder and is then exploded
either by a flame of gas (flame ignition -- now little used), by a
hot tube (tube ignition) or the like, by an electric spark (electric
ignition, the usual method is gasoline engines, or by the heat of
compression, as in the Diesel engine. Gas and oil engines are chiefly
of the stationary type. Gasoline engines are largely used for
automobile vehicles, boats, etc. Most internal-combustion engines use
the Otto (four-stroke) cycle, though many use the two-stroke cycle.
They are almost universally trunk engines and single-acting. Because
of the intense heat produced by the frequent explosions, the
cylinders must be cooled by a water jacket (water-cooled) or by air
currents (air cooled) to give the maximum thermodynamic efficiency
and to avoid excessive friction or seizing.

INTERNALITY
In`ter*nal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being internal or within; interiority.

INTERNALLY
In*ter"nal*ly, adv.

1. Inwardly; within the enveloping surface, or the boundary of a
thing; within the body; beneath the surface.

2. Hence: Mentally; spiritually. Jer. Taylor.

INTERNASAL
In`ter*na"sal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between the nasal cavities; as, the internasal cartilage.

INTERNATIONAL
In`ter*na"tion*al, a. Etym: [Pref. inter- + national: cf. F.
international.]

1. Between or among nations; pertaining to the intercourse of
nations; participated in by two or more nations; common to, or
affecting, two or more nations.

2. Of or concerning the association called the International.
International code (Naut.), a common system of signaling adopted by
nearly all maritime nations, whereby communication may be had between
vessels at sea.
 -- International copyright. See under Copyright.
 -- International law, the rules regulating the mutual intercourse of
nations. International law is mainly the product of the conditions
from time to time of international intercourse, being drawn from
diplomatic discussion, textbooks, proof of usage, and from recitals
in treaties. It is called public when treating of the relations of
sovereign powers, and private when of the relations of persons of
different nationalities. International law is now, by the better
opinion, part of the common law of the land. Cf. Conflict of laws,
under Conflict. Wharton.

INTERNATIONAL
In`ter*na"tion*al, n. Etym: [Cf. F. internationale.]

1. The International; an abbreviated from of the title of the
International Workingmen's Association, the name of an association,
formed in London in 1864, which has for object the promotion of the
interests of the industrial classes of all nations.

2. A member of the International Association.

INTERNATIONALISM
In`ter*na"tion*al*ism, n.

1. The state or principles of international interests and
intercourse.

2. The doctrines or organization of the International.

INTERNATIONALIST
In`ter*na"tion*al*ist, n.

1. One who is versed in the principles of international law.

2. A member of the International; one who believes in, or advocates
the doctrines of, the International.

INTERNATIONALIZE
In`ter*na"tion*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make international; to cause to affect the mutual relations
of two or more nations; as, to internationalize a principle of law,
or a philanthropic enterprise.

INTERNATIONALLY
In`ter*na"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an international manner; from an international point of
view.

INTERNE
In*terne", n. Etym: [See Intern, a.]

Defn: That which is within; the interior. [Poetic] Mrs. Browning.

INTERNECIARY; INTERNECINAL
In`ter*ne"cia*ry, In`ter*ne"ci*nal, a.

Defn: Internecine.

INTERNECINE
In`ter*ne"cine, a. Etym: [L. internecinus deadly, murderous, fr.
internecare to kill, to slaughter; inter between + necare to kill;
akin to Gr. Necromancy.]

Defn: Involving, or accompanied by, mutual slaughter; mutually
destructive.
Internecine quarrels, horrible tumults, stain the streets with blood.
Motley.

INTERNECION
In`ter*ne"cion, n. Etym: [L. internecio.]

Defn: Mutual slaughter or destruction; massacre. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

INTERNECIVE
In`ter*ne"cive, a. Etym: [L. internecivus.]

Defn: Internecine. [R.] Sydney Smith.

INTERNECTION
In`ter*nec"tion, n. Etym: [L. internectere to bind together; inter
between + nectere to fasten.]

Defn: Intimate connection. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

INTERNEURAL
In`ter*neu"ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between the neural arches or neural spines.
 -- n.

Defn: An interneural spine or cartilage.

INTERNITY
In*ter"ni*ty, n.

Defn: State of being within; interiority. [R.] H. Brooke.

INTERNMENT
In*tern"ment, n. Etym: [F. internement. See Intern.]

Defn: Confinement within narrow limits, -- as of foreign troops, to
the interior of a country.

INTERNODAL
In`ter*no"dal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to internodes; intervening between nodes or
joints.

INTERNODE
In"ter*node`, n. Etym: [L. internodium; inter between + nodus knot.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The space between two nodes or points of the stem from which
the leaves properly arise. H. Spenser.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A part between two joints; a segment; specifically, one of the
phalanges.

INTERNODIAL
In`ter*no"di*al, a.

Defn: Internodal. [R.]

INTERNUNCIAL
In`ter*nun"cial, a. Etym: [See Internuncio.]

1. Of or pertaining to an internuncio.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Communicating or transmitting impressions between different
parts of the body; -- said of the nervous system. Carpenter.

INTERNUNCIESS
In`ter*nun"ciess, n.

Defn: A female messenger. [R.]

INTERNUNCIO
In`ter*nun"ci*o, n.; pl. Internuncios. Etym: [L. internuntius; inter
between + nuntius, nuncius, messenger: cf. It. internunzio. See
Nuncio.]

1. A messenger between two parties. Johnson.

2. A representative, or chargé d'affaires, of the pope at a foreign
court or seat of government, ranking next below a nuncio.

Note: This title was formerly given also to the Austrian envoy at
Constantinople.

INTERNUNCIOSHIP
In`ter*nun"ci*o*ship, n.

Defn: The office or function of an internuncio. Richardson.

INTERNUNCIUS
In`ter*nun"ci*us, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Internuncio.

INTEROCEANIC
In`ter*o`ce*an"ic, a.

Defn: Between oceans; connecting oceans; as, interoceanic
communication; an interoceanic canal.

INTEROCULAR
In`ter*oc"u*lar, a.

Defn: Between, or within, the eyes; as, the interocular distance;
situated between the eyes, as the antennæ of some insects.

INTEROPERCULAR
In`ter*o*per"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the interoperculum.
 -- n.

Defn: The interopercular bone.

INTEROPERCULUM
In`ter*o*per"cu*lum, n.; pl. -la (-la). (Anat.)

Defn: The postero-inferior opercular bone, in fishes.

INTERORBITAL
In`ter*or"bit*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between the orbits; as, the interorbital septum.

INTEROSCULANT
In`ter*os"cu*lant, a.

1. Mutually touching or intersecting; as, interosculant circles.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Uniting two groups; -- said of certain genera which connect
family groups, or of species that connect genera. See Osculant.

INTEROSCULATE
In`ter*os"cu*late, v. i. & t.

1. To kiss together to touch. See Osculate.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: To have the character of, or to lie between, two distinct
groups.

INTEROSSEAL; INTEROSSEOUS
In`ter*os"se*al, In`ter*os"se*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. inter- + osseous:
cf. F. interosseux.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated between bones; as, an interosseous ligament.

INTERPALE
In`ter*pale", v. t.

1. To place pales between or among; to separate by pales.

2. To interweave or interlace. [R.] Brende.

INTERPARIETAL
In`ter*pa*ri"e*tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between the parietal bones or cartilages; as, the interparietal
suture.
 -- n.

Defn: The interparietal bone or cartilage

INTERPAUSE
In`ter*pause`, n.

Defn: An intermission. [R.]

INTERPEAL
In`ter*peal", v. t.

Defn: To interpel. [Obs.]

INTERPEDENCULAR
In`ter*pe*den"cu*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between peduncles; esp., between the peduncles, or crura, of
the cerebrum.

INTERPEL
In`ter*pel", v. t. Etym: [L. interpellare, interpellatum; inter
between + pellare (in comp.), akin to pellere to drive: cf. F.
interpeller. Cf. Interpellate.]

Defn: To interrupt, break in upon, or intercede with. [Obs.]
I am interpelled by many businesses. Howell.

INTERPELLANT
In`ter*pel"lant, a. Etym: [L. interpellans, p. pr. See Interpel.]

Defn: Interpelling; interrupting.
 -- n.

Defn: One who, or that which, interpels.

INTERPELLATE
In`ter*pel"late, v. t. Etym: [See Interpel.]

Defn: To question imperatively, as a minister, or other executive
officer, in explanation of his conduct; -- generally on the part of a
legislative body.

INTERPELLATION
In`ter*pel*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. interpellatio: cf. F.
interpellation.]

1. The act of interpelling or interrupting; interruption. "Continual
interpellations." Bp. Hall.

2. The act of interposing or interceding; intercession.
Accepted by his interpellation and intercession. Jer. Taylor.

3. An act of interpellating, or of demanding of an officer an
explanation of his action; imperative or peremptory questioning; a
point raised in a debate.

4. A official summons or citation. Ayliffe.

INTERPENETRATE
In`ter*pen"e*trate, v. t.

Defn: To penetrate between or within; to penetrate mutually.
It interpenetrates my granite mass. Shelley.

INTERPENETRATE
In`ter*pen"e*trate, v. i.

Defn: To penetrate each the other; to penetrate between bodies or
their parts. Interpenetrating molding (Arch.), in late Gothic
architecture, a decoration by means of moldings which seem to pass
through solid uprights, transoms, or other members; often, two sets
of architectural members penetrating one another, in appearance, as
if both had been plastic when they were put together.

INTERPENETRATION
In`ter*pen`e*tra"tion, n.

Defn: The act of penetrating between or within other substances;
mutual penetration. Milman.

INTERPENETRATIVE
In`ter*pen"e*tra*tive, a.

Defn: Penetrating among or between other substances; penetrating each
the other; mutually penetrative.

INTERPETALARY
In`ter*pet"al*a*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. inter- + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Between the petals of a flower.

INTERPETIOLAR
In`ter*pet"i*o*lar, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Being between petioles. Cf. Intrapetiolar.

INTERPHALANGEAL
In`ter*pha*lan"ge*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between phalanges; as, interphalangeal articulations.

INTERPILASTER
In`ter*pi*las"ter, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The interval or space between two pilasters. Elmes.

INTERPLACE
In`ter*place", v. t.

Defn: To place between or among; as, to interplace a name. [R.]
Daniel.

INTERPLANETARY
In`ter*plan"et*a*ry, a.

Defn: Between planets; as, interplanetary spaces. Boyle.

INTERPLAY
In`ter*play`, n.

Defn: Mutual action or influence; interaction; as, the interplay of
affection.

INTERPLEAD
In`ter*plead", v. i. (Law)

Defn: To plead against each other, or go to trial between themselves,
as the claimants in an in an interpleader. See Interpleader. [Written
also enterplead.]

INTERPLEADER
In`ter*plead"er, n.

1. One who interpleads.

2. (Law)

Defn: A proceeding devised to enable a person, of whom the same debt,
duty, or thing is claimed adversely by two or more parties, to compel
them to litigate the right or title between themselves, and thereby
to relieve himself from the suits which they might otherwise bring
against him.

INTERPLEDGE
In`ter*pledge", v. t.

Defn: To pledge mutually. [R.]

INTERPOINT
In`ter*point", v. t.

Defn: To point; to mark with stops or pauses; to punctuate. [R.]
Her sighs should interpoint her words. Daniel.

INTERPOLABLE
In*ter"po*la*ble, a.

Defn: That may be interpolated; suitable to be interpolated.
A most interpolable clause of one sentence. De Morgan.

INTERPOLATE
In*ter"po*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interpolated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interpolating.] Etym: [L. interpolatus, p. p. of interpolare to form
anew, to interpolate, fr. interpolus, interpolis, falsified, vamped
up, polished up; inter between + polire to polish. See Polish, v. t.]

1. To renew; to carry on with intermission. [Obs.]
Motion . . . partly continued and unintermitted, . . . partly
interpolated and interrupted. Sir M. Hale.

2. To alter or corrupt by the insertion of new or foreign matter;
especially, to change, as a book or text, by the insertion of matter
that is new, or foreign to the purpose of the author.
How strangely Ignatius is mangled and interpolated, you may see by
the vast difference of all copies and editions. Bp. Barlow.
The Athenians were put in possession of Salamis by another law, which
was cited by Solon, or, as some think, interpolated by him for that
purpose. Pope.

3. (Math.)

Defn: To fill up intermediate terms of, as of a series, according to
the law of the series; to introduce, as a number or quantity, in a
partial series, according to the law of that part of the series.

INTERPOLATED
In*ter"po*la`ted, a.

1. Inserted in, or added to, the original; introduced; foisted in;
changed by the insertion of new or spurious matter.

2. (Math.)
(a) Provided with necessary interpolations; as, an interpolated
table.
(b) Introduced or determined by interpolation; as, interpolated
quantities or numbers.

INTERPOLATION
In*ter`po*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. interpolatio an alteration made here
and there: cf. F. interpolation.]

1. The act of introducing or inserting anything, especially that
which is spurious or foreign.

2. That which is introduced or inserted, especially something foreign
or spurious.
Bentley wrote a letter . . . . upon the scriptural glosses in our
present copies of Hesychius, which he considered interpolations from
a later hand. De Quincey.

3. (Math.)

Defn: The method or operation of finding from a few given terms of a
series, as of numbers or observations, other intermediate terms in
conformity with the law of the series.

INTERPOLATOR
In*ter"po*la`tor, n. Etym: [L., a corrupter: of. F. interpolateur.]

Defn: One who interpolates; esp., one who inserts foreign or spurious
matter in genuine writings.

INTERPONE
In`ter*pone", v. t. Etym: [L. interponere; inter between + ponere to
place. See Position.]

Defn: To interpose; to insert or place between. [R.] Cudworth.

INTERPONENT
In`ter*po"nent, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, interposes; an interloper, an opponent.
[R.] Heywood.

INTERPOSAL
In`ter*pos"al, n. Etym: [From Interpose.]

Defn: The act of interposing; interposition; intervention.

INTERPOSE
In`ter*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interposed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interposing.] Etym: [F. interposer. See Inter-, and Pose, v. t.]

1. To place between; as, to interpose a screen between the eye and
the light.
Mountains interposed Make enemies of nations. Cowper.

2. To thrust; to intrude; to between, either for aid or for
troubling.
What watchful cares do interpose themselves Betwixt your eyes and
night Shak.
The common Father of mankind seasonably interposed his hand, and
rescues miserable man. Woodward.

3. To introduce or inject between the parts of a conversation or
argument. Milton.

INTERPOSE
In`ter*pose", v. i.

1. To be or come between.
Long hid by interposing hill or wood. Cowper.

2. To step in between parties at variance; to mediate; as, the prince
interposed and made peace. Pope.

3. To utter a sentiment by way of interruption. Boyle.

Syn.
 -- To intervene; intercede; mediate; interfere; intermeddle.
 -- To Interpose, Intermeddle, Interfere. A man may often interpose
with propriety in the concerns of others; he can never intermeddle
without being impertinent or officious; nor can be interfere without
being liable to the same charge, unless he has rights which are
interfered with. "In our practical use, interference is something
offensive. It is the pushing in of himself between two parties on the
part of a third who was not asked, and is not thanked for his pains,
and who, as the feeling of the word implies, had no business there;
while interposition is employed to express the friendly, peacemaking
mediation of one whom the act well became, and who, even if he was
not specially invited thereunto, is still thanked for what he has
done." Trench.

INTERPOSE
In"ter*pose, n.

Defn: Interposition. [Obs.]

INTERPOSER
In`ter*pos"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, interposes or intervenes; an obstacle
or interruption; a mediator or agent between parties. Shak.

INTERPOSIT
In`ter*pos"it, n. Etym: [From L. interpositus, p. p. of interponere.
See Interposition.]

Defn: An intermediate depot or station between one commercial city or
country and another. Mitford.

INTERPOSITION
In`ter*po*si"tion, n. Etym: [L. interpositio a putting between,
insertion, fr. interponere, interpositum: cf. F. interposition. See
Interpone, Position.]

1. The act of interposing, or the state of being interposed; a being,
placing, or coming between; mediation.

2. The thing interposed.

INTERPOSURE
In`ter*po"sure, n.

Defn: Interposition. [Obs.]

INTERPRET
In*ter"pret, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interpreted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interpreting.] Etym: [F. interprêter, L. interpretari, p. p.
interpretatus, fr. interpre interpeter, agent, negotiator; inter
between + (prob.) the root of pretium price. See Price.]

1. To explain or tell the meaning of; to expound; to translate orally
into intelligible or familiar language or terms; to decipher; to
define; -- applied esp. to language, but also to dreams, signs,
conduct, mysteries, etc.; as, to interpret the Hebrew language to an
Englishman; to interpret an Indian speech.
Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us. Matt. i. 23.
And Pharaoh told them his dreams; but there was none that could
interpret them unto Pharaoh. Gen. xli. 8.

2. To apprehend and represent by means of art; to show by
illustrative representation; as, an actor interprets the character of
Hamlet; a musician interprets a sonata; an artist interprets a
landscape.

Syn.
 -- To translate; explain; solve; render; expound; elucidate;
decipher; unfold; unravel.

INTERPRET
In*ter"pret, v. i.

Defn: To act as an interpreter. Shak.

INTERPRETABLE
In*ter"pret*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. interpretabilis: cf. F.
interprêtable.]

Defn: Admitting of interpretation; capable of being interpreted or
explained.

INTERPRETAMENT
In*ter"pre*ta*ment, n. Etym: [L. interpretamentum.]

Defn: Interpretation. [Obs.] Milton.

INTERPRETATION
In*ter`pre*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. interpretatio: cf. F.
interprétation.]

1. The act of interpreting; explanation of what is obscure;
translation; version; construction; as, the interpretation of a
foreign language, of a dream, or of an enigma.
Look how we can, or sad or merrily, Interpretation will misquote our
looks. Shak.

2. The sense given by an interpreter; exposition or explanation
given; meaning; as, commentators give various interpretations of the
same passage of Scripture.

3. The power or explaining. [R.] Bacon.

4. (Fine Arts)

Defn: An artist's way of expressing his thought or embodying his
conception of nature.

5. (Math.)

Defn: The act or process of applying general principles or formulæ to
the explanation of the results obtained in special cases.

Syn.
 -- Explanation; solution; translation; version; sense; exposition;
rendering; definition.

INTERPRETATIVE
In*ter"pre*ta*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. interprétatif.]

1. Designed or fitted to interpret; explanatory. "Interpretative
lexicography." Johnson.

2. According to interpretation; constructive.
An interpretative siding with heresies. Hammond.

INTERPRETATIVELY
In*ter"pre*ta*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By interpretation. Ray.

INTERPRETER
In*ter"pret*er, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. entrepreteur, L. interpretator.]

Defn: One who or that which interprets, explains, or expounds; a
translator; especially, a person who translates orally between two
parties.
We think most men's actions to be the interpreters of their thoughts.
Locke.

INTERPRETIVE
In*ter"pre*tive, a.

Defn: Interpretative. [R.]

INTERPUBIC
In`ter*pu"bic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between the pubic bones or cartilages; as, the interpubic disk.

INTERPUNCTION
In`ter*punc"tion, n. Etym: [L. interpunctio, fr. interpungere,
interppunctum, to interpoint. See Inter-, and Point.]

Defn: The insertion of points between word or sentences; punctuation.

INTERRADIAL
In`ter*ra"di*al, a.

Defn: Between the radii, or rays; -- in zoölogy, said of certain
parts of radiate animals; as, the interradial plates of a starfish.

INTERRAMAL
In`ter*ra"mal, a. Etym: [Pref. inter- + L. ramus a branch.] (Anat.)

Defn: Between rami or branches; esp., between the mandibles, or rami
of the lower jaw; intermandibular.

INTERRECEIVE
In`ter*re*ceive", v. t.

Defn: To receive between or within.

INTERREGENCY
In`ter*re"gen*cy, n.

Defn: An interregnum. [Obs.] Blount.

INTERREGENT
In`ter*re"gent, n.

Defn: A person who discharges the royal functions during an
interregnum. Holland.

INTERREGNUM
In`ter*reg"num, n.; pl. Interregnums. Etym: [L., fr. inter between +
regnum dominion, reign. See Reign, and cf. Interreign.]

1. The time during which a throne is vacant between the death or
abdication of a sovereign and the accession of his successor.

2. Any period during which, for any cause, the executive branch of a
government is suspended or interrupted.

INTERREIGN
In"ter*reign`, n. Etym: [Cf. F. interrègne.]

Defn: An interregnum. [Obs.] Bacon.

INTERRELATED
In`ter*re*lat"ed, a.

Defn: Having a mutual or reciprocal relation or parallelism;
correlative.

INTERRELATION
In`ter*re*la"tion, n.

Defn: Mutual or reciprocal relation; correlation.

INTERRENAL
In`ter*re"nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between the kidneys; as, the interrenal body, an organ found in
many fishes.
 -- n.

Defn: The interrenal body.

INTERREPELLENT
In`ter*re*pel"lent, a.

Defn: Mutually repellent. De Quincey.

INTERRER
In*ter"rer, n.

Defn: One who inters.

INTERREX
In"ter*rex`, n.; pl. E. Interrexes, L. Interreges. Etym: [L., fr.
inter between + rex king.]

Defn: An interregent, or a regent.

INTERROGATE
In*ter"ro*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interrogating.] Etym: [L.
interrogatus, p. p. of interrogare to ask; inter between + rogare to
ask. See Rogation.]

Defn: To question formally; to question; to examine by asking
questions; as, to interrogate a witness.
Wilt thou, uncalled, interrogate, Talker! the unreplying Fate
Emerson.

Syn.
 -- To question; ask. See Question.

INTERROGATE
In*ter"ro*gate, v. i.

Defn: To ask questions. Bacon.

INTERROGATE
In*ter"ro*gate, n.

Defn: An interrogation; a question. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

INTERROGATEE
In*ter`ro*ga*tee", n.

Defn: One who is interrogated.

INTERROGATION
In*ter`ro*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. interrogatio: cf. F. interrogation.]

1. The act of interrogating or questioning; examination by questions;
inquiry.

2. A question put; an inquiry.

3. A point, mark, or sign, thus [], indicating that the sentence with
which it is connected is a question. It is used to express doubt, or
to mark a query. Called also interrogation point.

Note: In works printed in the Spanish language this mark is not only
placed at the end of an interrogative sentence, but is also placed,
inverted [as thus (¿)], at the beginning.

INTERROGATIVE
In`ter*rog"a*tive (, a. Etym: [L. interrogativus: cf. F.
interrogatif.]

Defn: Denoting a question; expressed in the form of a question; as,
an interrogative sentence; an interrogative pronoun.

INTERROGATIVE
In`ter*rog"a*tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: A word used in asking questions; as, who which why

INTERROGATIVELY
In`ter*rog"a*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In the form of, or by means of, a question; in an interrogative
manner.

INTERROGATOR
In*ter"ro*ga`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. interrogateur.]

Defn: One who asks questions; a questioner.

INTERROGATORY
In`ter*rog"a*to*ry, n.; pl. Interrogatories. Etym: [Cf. F.
interrogatoire.]

Defn: A formal question or inquiry; esp. (Law), a question asked in
writing. Macaulay.

INTERROGATORY
In`ter*rog"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. interrogatorius.]

Defn: Containing, expressing, or implying a question; as, an
interrogatory sentence.

INTERRUPT
In`ter*rupt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interrupted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interrupting.] Etym: [L. interruptus, p. p. of interrumpere to
interrupt; inter between + rumpere to break. See Rupture.]

1. To break into, or between; to stop, or hinder by breaking in upon
the course or progress of; to interfere with the current or motion
of; to cause a temporary cessation of; as, to interrupt the remarks
speaking.
Do not interrupt me in my course. Shak.

2. To divide; to separate; to break the monotony of; as, the evenness
of the road was not interrupted by a single hill.

INTERRUPT
In`ter*rupt", p. a. Etym: [L. interruptus, p. p.]

Defn: Broken; interrupted. [Obs.] Milton.

INTERRUPTED
In`ter*rupt"ed, a.

1. Broken; intermitted; suddenly stopped.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Irregular; -- said of any arrangement whose symmetry is
destroyed by local causes, as when leaflets are interposed among the
leaves in a pinnate leaf.

INTERRUPTEDLY
In`ter*rupt"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: With breaks or interruptions; discontinuously. Interruptedly
pinnate (Bot.), pinnate with small leaflets intermixed with large
ones. Gray.

INTERRUPTER
In`ter*rupt"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, interrupts.

2. (Elec.)

Defn: A device for opening and closing an electrical circuit; a
vibrating spring or tuning fork, arranged to make and break a circuit
at rapidly recurring intervals, by the action of the current itself.

INTERRUPTION
In`ter*rup"tion, n. Etym: [L. interruptio: cf. F. interruption.]

1. The act of interrupting, or breaking in upon.

2. The state of being interrupted; a breach or break, caused by the
abrupt intervention of something foreign; intervention;
interposition. Sir M. Hale.
Lest the interruption of time cause you to lose the idea of one part.
Dryden.

3. Obstruction caused by breaking in upon course, current, progress,
or motion; stop; hindrance; as, the author has met with many
interruptions in the execution of his work; the speaker or the
argument proceeds without interruption.

4. Temporary cessation; intermission; suspension.

INTERRUPTIVE
In`ter*rupt"ive, a.

Defn: Tending to interrupt; interrupting. "Interruptive forces." H.
Bushnell.
 -- In`ter*rupt"ive*ly, adv.

INTERSCAPULAR
In`ter*scap"u*lar, a.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Between the scapulæ or shoulder blades.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the upper back, or the part between the
shoulders; as, the interscapular feathers.

INTERSCAPULARS
In`ter*scap"u*lars, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The interscapular feathers of a bird.

INTERSCENDENT
In`ter*scend"ent, a. Etym: [See Inter-, and Ascend.] (Math.)

Defn: Having exponents which are radical quantities; -- said of
certain powers; as, xsq. root2, or xsq. roota. Interscedent series, a
series whose terms are interscendent quantities. Hutton.

INTERSCIND
In`ter*scind", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interscinded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interscinding.] Etym: [L. interscindere; inter between + scindere to
cut.]

Defn: To cut off. [R.]

INTERSCRIBE
In`ter*scribe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interscribed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interscribing.] Etym: [L. interscribere; inter between + scribere to
write.]

Defn: To write between. [R.]

INTERSECANT
In`ter*se"cant, a. Etym: [L. intersecans, p. pr. of intersecare. See
Intersect.]

Defn: Dividing into parts; crossing; intersecting.

INTERSECT
In`ter*sect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intersected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intersecting.] Etym: [L. intersectus, p. p. of intersecare to
intersect; inter + secare to cut. See Section.]

Defn: To cut into or between; to cut or cross mutually; to divide
into parts; as, any two diameters of a circle intersect each other at
the center.
Lands intersected by a narrow frith Abhor each other. Cowper.

INTERSECT
In`ter*sect", v. i.

Defn: To cut into one another; to meet and cross each other; as, the
point where two lines intersect.

INTERSECTION
In`ter*sec"tion, n. Etym: [L. intersectio: cf. F. intersection.]

1. The act, state, or place of intersecting.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: The point or line in which one line or surface cuts another.

INTERSECTIONAL
In`ter*sec"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or formed by, intersections.

INTERSEMINATE
In`ter*sem"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. interseminatus, p. p. of
interseminare. See Inter-, and Seminate.]

Defn: To sow between or among. [R.]

INTERSEPTAL
In`ter*sep"tal, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Between septa; as, the interseptal spaces or zones, between the
transparent, or septal, zones in striated muscle; the interseptal
chambers of a shell, or of a seed vessel.

INTERSERT
In`ter*sert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interserted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interserting.] Etym: [L. intersertus, p. p. of interserere to
intersert; inter between + serere to join, weave.]

Defn: To put in between other things; to insert. [Obs.] Brerewood.

INTERSERTTION
In`ter*sert"tion, n.

Defn: The act of interserting, or that which is interserted. [Obs.]
Hammond.

INTERSESAMOID
In`ter*ses"a*moid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between sesamoid bones; as, intersesamoid ligaments.

INTERSET
In`ter*set", v. t.

Defn: To set between or among. [R.]

INTERSHOCK
In`ter*shock, v. t.

Defn: To shock mutually. [R.]

INTERSIDEREAL
In`ter*si*de"re*al, a.

Defn: Between or among constellations or stars; interstellar.

INTERSOCIAL
In`ter*so"cial, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the mutual intercourse or relations of persons in
society; social.

INTERSOMNIOUS
In`ter*som"ni*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. inter- + L. somnus sleep.]

Defn: Between the times of sleeping; in an interval of wakefulness.
[R.]

INTERSPACE
In"ter*space`, n. Etym: [L. interspatium. See Inter-, and Space.]

Defn: Intervening space. Bp. Hacket.

INTERSPEECH
In"ter*speech`, n.

Defn: A speech interposed between others. [R.] Blount.

INTERSPERSE
In`ter*sperse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interspersed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Interspersing.] Etym: [L. interspersus interspersed; inter between,
among + spargere to scatter. See Sparse.]

1. To scatter or set here and there among other things; to insert at
intervals; as, to intersperse pictures in a book.
There, interspersed in lawns and op'ning glades, Thin trees arise
that shun each other's shades. Pope.

2. To diversify or adorn with things set or scattered at intervals;
to place something at intervals in or among; as, to intersperse a
book with pictures.
Which space is interspersed with small islands and rock. Cook.

INTERSPERSION
In`ter*sper"sion, n.

Defn: The act of interspersing, or the state of being interspersed.

INTERSPINAL; INTERSPINOUS
In`ter*spi"nal, In`ter*spi"nous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between spines; esp., between the spinous processes of the
vertebral column.

INTERSPIRATION
In`ter*spi*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. interspiratio. See Inter-, and
Spirit.]

Defn: Spiritual inspiration at separate times, or at intervals.
[Obs.] Bp. Hall.

INTERSTAPEDIAL
In`ter*sta*pe"di*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to a part of the columella of the ear, between the
stapes and the mediostapedial.
 -- n.

Defn: The interstapedial part of the columella.

INTERSTATE
In"ter*state`, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the mutual relations of States; existing between,
or including, different States; as, interstate commerce. Story.

INTERSTELLAR
In`ter*stel"lar, a.

Defn: Between or among the stars; as, interstellar space. Bacon.

INTERSTELLARY
In`ter*stel"la*ry, a.

Defn: Interstellar.

INTERSTERNAL
In`ter*ster"nal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Between the sternal; -- said of certain membranes or parts of
insects and crustaceans.

INTERSTICE
In*ter"stice, n.; pl. Interstices. Etym: [L. interstitium a pause,
interval; inter between + sistere to set, fr. stare to stand: cf. F.
interstice. See Stand.]

1. That which intervenes between one thing and another; especially, a
space between things closely set, or between the parts which compose
a body; a narrow chink; a crack; a crevice; a hole; an interval; as,
the interstices of a wall.

2. An interval of time; specifically (R. C. Ch.), in the plural, the
intervals which the canon law requires between the reception of the
various degrees of orders.
Nonobservance of the interstices . . . is a sin. Addis & Arnold.

INTERSTICED
In*ter"sticed, a.

Defn: Provided with interstices; having interstices between; situated
at intervals.

INTERSTINCTIVE
In`ter*stinc"tive, a. Etym: [L. interstinctus, p. p. of
interstinguere to separate; inter + stinguere to extinguish.]

Defn: Distinguishing. [Obs.] Wallis.

INTERSTITIAL
In`ter*sti"tial, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to interstices; intermediate; within the
tissues; as, interstitial cavities or spaces in the tissues of
animals or plants.

INTERSTITION
In`ter*sti"tion, n.

Defn: An intervening period of time; interval. [Obs.] Gower.

INTERSTRATIFICATION
In`ter*strat`i*fi*ca"tion, n. (Geol.)

Defn: Stratification among or between other layers or strata; also,
that which is interstratified.

INTERSTRATIFIED
In`ter*strat"i*fied, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Stratified among or between other bodies; as, interstratified
rocks.

INTERSTRATIFY
In`ter*strat"i*fy, v. t. (Geol.)

Defn: To put or insert between other strata.

INTERTALK
In`ter*talk", v. i.

Defn: To converse. [Obs.] Carew.

INTERTANGLE
In`ter*tan"gle, v. t.

Defn: To entangle; to intertwine. "Moss and intertangled vines."
Longfellow.

INTERTARSAL
In`ter*tar"sal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between the tarsal bones; as, the intertarsal articulations.

INTERTEX
In`ter*tex", v. t. Etym: [L. intertexere; inter between + texere to
weave.]

Defn: To intertwine; to weave or bind together. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

INTERTEXTURE
In`ter*tex"ture, n.

Defn: The act of interweaving, or the state of being interwoven; that
which is interwoven. "Knit in nice intertexture." Coleridge.
Skirted thick with intertexture firm Of thorny boughs. Cowper.

INTERTHORACIC
In`ter*tho*rac"ic, a.

Defn: In the thorax.

INTERTIE
In"ter*tie`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: In any framed work, a horizontal tie other than sill and plate
or other principal ties, securing uprights to one another.

INTERTISSUED
In`ter*tis"sued, a.

Defn: Interwoven. [R.] Shak.

INTERTRAFFIC
In`ter*traf"fic, n.

Defn: Mutual trade of traffic.

INTERTRANSPICUOUS
In`ter*tran*spic"u*ous, a.

Defn: Transpicuous within or between. [R.] Shelley.

INTERTRANSVERSE
In`ter*trans*verse", a.

Defn: Between the transverse processes of the vertebræ.

INTERTRIGO
In`ter*tri"go, n. Etym: [L., fr. inter between + terere, tritum, to
rub.] (Med.)

Defn: A rubbing or chafing of the skin; especially, an abrasion or
excoriation of the skin between folds, as in fat or neglected
children.

INTERTROCHANTERIC
In`ter*tro`chan*ter"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between the trochanters of the femur.

INTERTROPICAL
In`ter*trop"ic*al, a.

Defn: Situated between or within the tropics. J. Morse.

INTERTUBULAR
In`ter*tu"bu*lar, a.

Defn: Between tubes or tubules; as, intertubular cells; intertubular
substance.

INTERTWINE
In`ter*twine", v. t.

Defn: To unite by twining one with another; to entangle; to
interlace. Milton.

INTERTWINE
In`ter*twine", v. i.

Defn: To be twined or twisted together; to become mutually involved
or enfolded.

INTERTWINE
In`ter*twine", n.

Defn: The act intertwining, or the state of being intertwined.
Coleridge.

INTERTWININGLY
In`ter*twin"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By intertwining or being intertwined.

INTERTWIST
In`ter*twist", v. t.

Defn: To twist together one with another; to intertwine.

INTERTWISTINGLY
In`ter*twist"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By intertwisting, or being intertwisted.

INTERUNGULAR; INTERUNGULATE
In`ter*un"gu*lar, In`ter*un"gu*late, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between ungulæ; as, interungular glands.

INTERURBAN
In`ter*ur"ban (in`ter*ûr"ban), a.

Defn: Going between, or connecting, cities or towns; as, interurban
electric railways.

INTERVAL
In"ter*val, n. Etym: [L. intervallum; inter between + vallum a wall:
cf. F. intervalle. See Wall.]

1. A space between things; a void space intervening between any two
objects; as, an interval between two houses or hills.
'Twixt host and host but narrow space was left, A dreadful interval.
Milton.

2. Space of time between any two points or events; as, the interval
between the death of Charles I. of England, and the accession of
Charles II.

3. A brief space of time between the recurrence of similar conditions
or states; as, the interval between paroxysms of pain; intervals of
sanity or delirium.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: Difference in pitch between any two tones. At intervals, coming
or happening with intervals between; now and then. "And Miriam
watch'd and dozed at intervals." Tennyson.
 -- Augmented interval (Mus.), an interval increased by half a step
or half a tone.

INTERVAL; INTERVALE
In"ter*val, In"ter*vale, n.

Defn: A tract of low ground between hills, or along the banks of a
stream, usually alluvial land, enriched by the overflowings of the
river, or by fertilizing deposits of earth from the adjacent hills.
Cf. Bottom, n., 7. [Local, U. S.]
The woody intervale just beyond the marshy land. The Century.

INTERVALLUM
In`ter*val"lum, n.; pl. Intervallums, L. Intervalla. Etym: [L.]

Defn: An interval. [R.]
And a' shall laugh without intervallums. Shak.
In one of these intervalla. Chillingworth.

INTERVARY
In`ter*va"ry, v. i.

Defn: To alter or vary between; to change. [Obs.] Rush.

INTERVEINED
In`ter*veined", a.

Defn: Intersected, as with veins.

INTERVENE
In`ter*vene", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Intervened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intervening.] Etym: [L. intervenire, interventum, to intervene, to
hinder; inter between + venire to come; akin to E. come: cf. F.
intervenir. See Come.]

1. To come between, or to be between, persons or things; -- followed
by between; as, the Mediterranean intervenes between Europe and
Africa.

2. To occur, fall, or come between, points of time, or events; as, an
instant intervened between the flash and the report; nothing
intervened ( i. e., between the intention and the execution) to
prevent the undertaking.

3. To interpose; as, to intervene to settle a quarrel.

4. In a suit to which one has not been made a party, to put forward a
defense of one's interest in the subject matter. Abbott.

INTERVENE
In`ter*vene", v. t.

Defn: To come between. [R.]
Self-sown woodlands of birch, alder, etc., intervening the different
estates. De Quincey.

INTERVENE
In`ter*vene", n.

Defn: A coming between; intervention; meeting. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

INTERVENER
In`ter*ven"er, n.

Defn: One who intervenes; especially (Law), a person who assumes a
part in a suit between others.

INTERVENIENCE; INTERVENIENCY
In`ter*ven"ience, In`ter*ven"ien*cy, n.

Defn: Intervention; interposition. [R.]

INTERVENIENT
In`ter*ven"ient, a. Etym: [L. interveniens, p. pr. of intervenire.]

Defn: Being or coming between; intercedent; interposed. [Obs.] Bacon.

INTERVENT
In`ter*vent", v. t. Etym: [See Intervene.]

Defn: To thwart; to obstruct. [Obs.] Chapman.

INTERVENTION
In`ter*ven"tion, n. Etym: [L. interventio an interposition: cf. F.
intervention.]

1. The act of intervening; interposition.
Sound is shut out by the intervention of that lax membrane. Holder.

2. Any interference that may affect the interests of others;
especially, of one or more states with the affairs of another;
mediation.
Let us decide our quarrels at home, without the intervention, of any
foreign power. Sir W. Temple.

3. (Civil Law)

Defn: The act by which a third person, to protect his own interest,
interposes and becomes a party to a suit pending between other
parties.

INTERVENTOR
In`ter*ven"tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. interventeur.]

Defn: One who intervenes; a mediator; especially (Eccles. Hist.), a
person designated by a church to reconcile parties, and unite them in
the choice of officers. Coleman.

INTERVENTRICULAR
In`ter*ven*tric"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between the ventricles; as, the interventricular partition of
the heart.

INTERVENUE
In`ter*ven"ue, n. Etym: [See Intervene, Avenue.]

Defn: Interposition. [Obs.] Sir H. Blount.

INTERVERT
In`ter*vert", v. t. Etym: [L. intervertere; inter between + vertere
to turn.]

Defn: To turn to another course or use. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

INTERVERTEBRAL
In`ter*ver"te*bral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Between vertebræ.
 -- In`ter*ver"te*bral*ly, adv.

INTERVIEW
In"ter*view, n. Etym: [F. entrevue, fr. entrevoir to see imperfectly,
to have a glimpse of, s'entrevoir to visit each other. See Inter-,
and View.]

1. A mutual sight or view; a meeting face to face; usually, a formal
or official meeting for consultation; a conference; as, the secretary
had an interview with the President.

2. A conservation, or questioning, for the purpose of eliciting
information for publication; the published statement so elicited.

Note: A recent use, originating in American newspapers, but
apparently becoming general.

INTERVIEW
In"ter*view, v. t.

Defn: To have an interview with; to question or converse with,
especially for the purpose of obtaining information for publication.
[Recent]

INTERVIEWER
In"ter*view`er, n.

Defn: One who interviews; especially, one who obtains an interview
with another for the purpose of eliciting his opinions or obtaining
information for publication.
It would have made him the prince of interviewers in these days.
Leslie Stephen.

INTERVIEWING
In"ter*view`ing, n.

Defn: The act or custom of holding an interview or interviews.
An article on interviewing in the "Nation" of January 28, 1869, . . .
was the first formal notice of the practice under that name. The
American.

INTERVISIBLE
In`ter*vis"i*ble, a. (Surv.)

Defn: Mutually visible, or in sight, the one from the other, as
stations.

INTERVISIT
In`ter*vis"it, v. i.

Defn: To exchange visits. [R.] Evelyn.

INTERVITAL
In`ter*vi"tal, a.

Defn: Between two lives. [R.]
Through all its [the spirit's] intervital gloom. Tennyson.

INTERVOCALIC
In`ter*vo*cal"ic, a. (Phon.)

Defn: Situated between vowels; immediately preceded and followed by
vowel sounds, as, p in occupy, d in idea, etc.

INTERVOLUTION
In`ter*vo*lu"tion, n.

Defn: The state of being intervolved or coiled up; a convolution; as,
the intervolutions of a snake. Hawthorne.

INTERVOLVE
In`ter*volve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intervolved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intervolving.] Etym: [Pref. inter- + L. volvere, volutum, to roll.]

Defn: To involve one within another; to twist or coil together.
Milton.

INTERWEAVE
In`ter*weave", v. t. [imp. & obs. p. p. Interwove; p. p. Interwoven;
p. pr. & vb. n. Interweaving.]

1. To weave together; to intermix or unite in texture or
construction; to intertwine; as, threads of silk and cotton
interwoven.
Under the hospitable covert nigh Of trees thick interwoven. Milton.

2. To intermingle; to unite intimately; to connect closely; as, to
interweave truth with falsehood. Dryden.
Words interwove with sighs found out their way. Milton.

INTERWISH
In`ter*wish", v. t.

Defn: To wish mutually in regarded to each other. [Obs.] Donne.

INTERWORKING
In`ter*work"ing, n.

Defn: The act of working in together; interweaving. Milton.

INTERWORLD
In`ter*world", n.

Defn: A world between other worlds. Holland.

INTERWOVE; INTERWOVEN
In`ter*wove", In`ter*wov"en,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Interweave.

INTERWREATHE
In`ter*wreathe", v. t.

Defn: To weave into a wreath; to intertwine. [R.] Lovelace.

INTESTABLE
In*tes"ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. intestabilis: cf. F. intestable. See In-
not, and Testable.] (Law)

Defn: Not capable of making a will; not legally qualified or
competent to make a testament. Blackstone.

INTESTACY
In*tes"ta*cy, n. Etym: [From Intestate.]

Defn: The state of being intestate, or of dying without having made a
valid will. Blackstone.

INTESTATE
In*tes"tate, a. Etym: [L. intestatus; pref. in- not + testatus, p. p.
of testari to make a will: cf. F. intestat. See Testament.]

1. Without having made a valid will; without a will; as, to die
intestate. Blackstone.
Airy succeeders of intestate joys. Shak.

2. Not devised or bequeathed; not disposed of by will; as, an
intestate estate.

INTESTATE
In*tes"tate, n. (Law)

Defn: A person who dies without making a valid will. Blackstone.

INTESTINAL
In*tes"ti*nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. intestinal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the intestines of an animal; as, the
intestinal tube; intestinal digestion; intestinal ferments.
Intestinal canal. Same as Intestine, n.
 -- Intestinal worm (Zoöl.), any species of helminth living in the
intestinal canal of any animal. The species are numerous.

INTESTINE
In*tes"tine, a. Etym: [L. intestinus, fr. intus on the inside,
within, fr. in in: cf. F. intestine. See In.]

1. Internal; inward; -- opposed to external.
Epilepsies, fierce catarrhs, Intestine stone and ulcers. Milton.

2. Internal with regard to a state or country; domestic; not foreign;
-- applied usually to that which is evil; as, intestine disorders,
calamities, etc.
Hoping here to end Intestine war in heaven, the arch foe subdued.
Milton.
An intestine struggle . . . between authority and liberty. Hume.

3. Depending upon the internal constitution of a body or entity;
subjective.
Everything labors under and intestine necessity. Cudworth.

4. Shut up; inclosed. [R.] Cowper.

INTESTINE
In*tes"tine, n.; pl. Intestines. Etym: [L. intestinum: cf. F.
intestin. See Intestine, a.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: That part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the
anus. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus.

2. pl.

Defn: The bowels; entrails; viscera. Large intestine (Human Anat. &
Med.), the lower portion of the bowel, terminating at the anus. It is
adapted for the retention of fecal matter, being shorter, broader,
and less convoluted than the small intestine; it consists of three
parts, the cæcum, colon, and rectum.
 -- Small intestine (Human Anat. & Med.), the upper portion of the
bowel, in which the process of digestion is practically completed. It
is narrow and contorted, and consists of three parts, the duodenum,
jejunum, and ileum.

INTEXT
In"text, n.

Defn: The text of a book. [R.] Herrick.

INTEXTINE
In*tex"tine, n. Etym: [Infine + extine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A thin membrane existing in the pollen grains of some plants,
and situated between the extine and the intine, as in .

INTEXTURED
In*tex"tured, a.

Defn: Inwrought; woven in.

INTHIRST
In*thirst", v. t.

Defn: To make thirsty. [Obs.]

INTHRALL
In*thrall", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inthralled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inthralling.] Etym: [Cf. Enthrall.] [Written also inthral, enthral,
and enthrall.]

Defn: To reduce to bondage or servitude; to make a thrall, slave,
vassal, or captive of; to enslave.
She soothes, but never can inthrall my mind. Prior.

INTHRALLMENT
In*thrall"ment, n. Etym: [Written also inthralment, enthrallment.]

Defn: Act of inthralling, or state of being inthralled; servitude;
bondage; vassalage.

INTHRONE
In*throne", v. t.

Defn: Same as Enthrone.

INTHRONG
In*throng", v. i.

Defn: To throng or collect together. [R.] Fairfax.

INTHRONIZATION
In*thron`i*za"tion, n. Etym: [LL. inthronizatio.]

Defn: Enthronement. Bp. Warburton.

INTHRONIZE
In*thron"ize, v. t. Etym: [LL. inthronisare, Gr. Enthrone.]

Defn: To enthrone.

INTICE
In*tice", v. t.

Defn: See Entice.

INTIMACY
In"ti*ma*cy, n.; pl. Intimacies. Etym: [From Intimate.]

Defn: The state of being intimate; close familiarity or association;
nearness in friendship.

Syn.
 -- Acquaintance; familiarity; fellowship; friendship. See
Acquaintance.

INTIMATE
In"ti*mate, a. Etym: [Formerly intime, L. intimus, a superl.
corresponding to the compar. interior cf. F. intime. The form
intimate is due to confusion with intimate, v. t. See Interior.]

1. Innermost; inward; internal; deep-seated; hearty. "I knew from
intimate impulse." Milton.

2. Near; close; direct; thorough; complete.
He was honored with an intimate and immediate admission. South.

3. Close in friendship or acquaintance; familiar; confidential; as,
an intimate friend.

Syn.
 -- Familiar; near; friendly; confidential.

INTIMATE
In"ti*mate, n.

Defn: An intimate friend or associate; a confidant. Gov. of the
Tongue.

INTIMATE
In"ti*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intimated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intimating.] Etym: [L. intimatus, p. p. of intimare to put, bring,
drive, or press into, to announce, make known, from intimus the
inmost. See Intimate, a.]

1. To announce; to declare; to publish; to communicate; to make
known. [Obs.]
He, incontinent, did proclaim and intimate open war. E. Hall.
So both conspiring 'gan to intimate Each other's grief. Spenser.

2. To suggest obscurely or indirectly; to refer to remotely; to give
slight notice of; to hint; as, he intimated his intention of
resigning his office.
The names of simple ideas and substances, with the abstract ideas in
the mind, intimate some real existence, from which was derived their
original pattern. Locke.

INTIMATELY
In"ti*mate*ly, adv.

Defn: In an intimate manner.

INTIMATION
In`ti*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. intimatio: cf. F. intimation.]

1. The act of intimating; also, the thing intimated.

2. Announcement; declaration. Macaulay.
They made an edict with an intimation that whosoever killed a stork,
should be banished. Holland.

3. A hint; an obscure or indirect suggestion or notice; a remote or
ambiguous reference; as, he had given only intimations of his design.
Without mentioning the king of England, or giving the least
intimation that he was sent by him. Bp. Burnet.

INTIME
In"time, a. Etym: [See Intimate, a.]

Defn: Inward; internal; intimate. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

INTIMIDATE
In*tim"i*date, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intimidated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intimidating.] Etym: [LL. intimidatus, p. p. of intimidare to
frighten; pref. in- in + timidus fearful, timid: cf. F. intimider.
See Timid.]

Defn: To make timid or fearful; to inspire of affect with fear; to
deter, as by threats; to dishearten; to abash.
Now guilt, once harbored in the conscious breast, Intimidates the
brave, degrades the great. Johnson.

Syn.
 -- To dishearten; dispirit; abash; deter; frighten; terrify; daunt;
cow.

INTIMIDATION
In*tim`i*da"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. intimidation.]

Defn: The act of making timid or fearful or of deterring by threats;
the state of being intimidated; as, the voters were kept from the
polls by intimidation.
The king carried his measures in Parliament by intimidation. Paley.

INTIMIDATORY
In*tim"i*da*to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending or serving to intimidate.

INTINCTION
In*tinc"tion, n. Etym: [L. intinctio, fr. intingere to dip in; pref.
in- in + tingere to tinge.]

1. The act of tingeing or dyeing. Blount.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A method or practice of the administration of the sacrament by
dipping the bread or wafer in the wine and administering both
together.

INTINCTIVITY
In`tinc*tiv"i*ty, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + L. tinctus, p. p. of
tingere to tinge]

Defn: The want of the quality of coloring or tingeing other bodies.
Kirwan.

INTINE
In"tine, n. Etym: [L. intus within. Cf. Extine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A transparent, extensible membrane of extreme tenuity, which
forms the innermost coating of grains of pollen.

INTIRE; INTIRELY
In*tire", a., In*tire"ly, adv.

Defn: See Entire, a., Entirely, adv.

INTITLE
In*ti"tle, v. t.

Defn: See Entitle.

INTITULE
In*tit"ule, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intituled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intituling.] Etym: [Cf. F. intituler. See Entitle.]

Defn: To entitle; to give a title to. Selden.

INTO
In"to, prep. Etym: [In + to.]

Defn: To the inside of; within. It is used in a variety of
applications.

1. Expressing entrance, or a passing from the outside of a thing to
its interior parts; -- following verbs expressing motion; as, come
into the house; go into the church; one stream falls or runs into
another; water enters into the fine vessels of plants.

2. Expressing penetration beyond the outside or surface, or access to
the inside, or contents; as, to look into a letter or book; to look
into an apartment.

3. Indicating insertion; as, to infuse more spirit or animation into
a composition.

4. Denoting inclusion; as, put these ideas into other words.

5. Indicating the passing of a thing from one form, condition, or
state to another; as, compound substances may be resolved into others
which are more simple; ice is convertible into water, and water into
vapor; men are more easily drawn than forced into compliance; we may
reduce many distinct substances into one mass; men are led by
evidence into belief of truth, and are often enticed into the
commission of crimes'into; she burst into tears; children are
sometimes frightened into fits; all persons are liable to be seduced
into error and folly.

Note: Compare In.

INTOLERABILITY
In*tol`er*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being intolerable; intolerableness. [R.]

INTOLERABLE
In*tol"er*a*ble, a. Etym: [F. intolérable, L. intolerabilis. See In-
not, and Tolerable.]

1. Not tolerable; not capable of being borne or endured; not proper
or right to be allowed; insufferable; insupportable; unbearable; as,
intolerable pain; intolerable heat or cold; an intolerable burden.

His insolence is more intolerable Than all the princes in the land
beside. Shak.

4. Enormous.
This intolerable deal of sack. Shak.
-- In*tol"er*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- In*tol"er*a*bly, adv.

INTOLERANCE
In*tol"er*ance, n. Etym: [L. intolerantia impatience,
unendurableness: cf. F. intolérance.]

1. Want of capacity to endure; as, intolerance of light.

2. The quality of being intolerant; refusal to allow to others the
enjoyment of their opinions, chosen modes of worship, and the like;
want of patience and forbearance; illiberality; bigotry; as,
intolerance shown toward a religious sect.
These few restrictions, I hope, are no great stretches of
intolerance, no very violent exertions of despotism. Burke.

INTOLERANCY
In*tol"er*an*cy, n.

Defn: Intolerance. Bailey.

INTOLERANT
In*tol"er*ant, a. Etym: [L. intolerans, -antis: cf. F. intolérant.
See In- not, and Tolerant.]

1. Not enduring; not able to endure.
The powers of human bodies being limited and intolerant of excesses.
Arbuthnot.

2. Not tolerating difference of opinion or sentiment, especially in
religious matters; refusing to allow others the enjoyment of their
opinions, rights, or worship; unjustly impatient of the opinion of
those disagree with us; not tolerant; unforbearing; bigoted.
Religion, harsh, intolerant, austere, Parent of manners like herself
severe. Cowper.

INTOLERANT
In*tol"er*ant, n.

Defn: An intolerant person; a bigot.

INTOLERANTLY
In*tol"er*ant*ly, adv.

Defn: In an intolerant manner.

INTOLERATED
In*tol"er*a`ted, a.

Defn: Not tolerated.

INTOLERATING
In*tol"er*a`ting, a.

Defn: Intolerant. [R.]

INTOLERATION
In*tol`er*a"tion, n.

Defn: Intolerance; want of toleration; refusal to tolerate a
difference of opinion.

INTOMB
In*tomb", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intombed; p. pr. & vb. n. Intombing.]

Defn: To place in a tomb; to bury; to entomb. See Entomb.

INTOMBMENT
In*tomb"ment, n.

Defn: See Entombment.

INTONATE
In"to*nate, v. i. Etym: [L. intonatus, p. p. of intonare to thunder,
resound.]

Defn: To thunder. [Obs.] Bailey.

INTONATE
In"to*nate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Intonated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intonating.] Etym: [See Intone.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: To sound the tones of the musical scale; to practice the sol-
fa.

2. To modulate the voice in a musical, sonorous, and measured manner,
as in reading the liturgy; to intone.

INTONATE
In"to*nate, v. t.

Defn: To utter in a musical or sonorous manner; to chant; as, to
intonate the liturgy.

INTONATION
In`to*na"tion, n. Etym: [See 1st Intonate.]

Defn: A thundering; thunder. [Obs.] Bailey.

INTONATION
In`to*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. intonation. See Intone.] (Mus.)
(a) The act of sounding the tones of the musical scale.
(b) Singing or playing in good tune or otherwise; as, her intonation
was false.
(c) Reciting in a musical prolonged tone; intonating, or singing of
the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single
voice, as of a priest. See Intone, v. t.

INTONE
In*tone", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Intoning.]
Etym: [LL. intonare, intonatum; pref. in- in + L. tonus tone. See
Tone and cf. Entune, Intonate.]

Defn: To utter with a musical or prolonged note or tone; to chant;
as, to intone the church service.

INTONE
In*tone", v. i.

Defn: To utter a prolonged tone or a deep, protracted sound; to speak
or recite in a measured, sonorous manner; to intonate. Pope.

INTORSION
In*tor"sion, n. Etym: [L. intortio a curling, crisping: cf. F.
intorsion. See Intort, and cf. Intortion.]

1. A winding, bending, or twisting.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The bending or twining of any part of a plant toward one side
or the other, or in any direction from the vertical.

INTORT
In*tort", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Intorting.]
Etym: [L. intortus, p. p. of intoquere to twist; pref. in- in +
torquere to twist.]

Defn: To twist in and out; to twine; to wreathe; to wind; to wring.
Pope.

INTORTION
In*tor"tion, n.

Defn: See Intorsion.

INTOXICANT
In*tox"i*cant, n.

Defn: That which intoxicates; an intoxicating agent; as, alcohol,
opium, and laughing gas are intoxicants.

INTOXICATE
In*tox"i*cate, a. Etym: [LL. intoxicatus, p. p. of intoxicare to drug
or poison; pref. in- in + L. toxicum a poison in which arrows were
dipped, Gr. Toxic.]

1. Intoxicated.

2. Overexcited, as with joy or grief.
Alas, good mother, be not intoxicate for me; I am well enough.
Chapman.

INTOXICATE
In*tox"i*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intoxicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intoxicating.]

1. To poison; to drug. South.

2. To make drunk; to inebriate; to excite or to stupefy by strong
drink or by a narcotic substance.
With new wine inoxicated both. Milton.

3. To excite to a transport of enthusiasm, frenzy, or madness; to
elate unduly or excessively.
Intoxicated with the sound of those very bells. G. Eliot.
They are not intoxicated by military success. Jowett (Thuc. ).

INTOXICATEDNESS
In*tox"i*ca`ted*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being intoxicated; intoxication; drunkenness. [R.]

INTOXICATING
In*tox"i*ca`ting, a.

Defn: Producing intoxication; as, intoxicating liquors.

INTOXICATION
In*tox`i*ca"tion, n.

1. (Med.)

Defn: A poisoning, as by a spirituous or a narcotic substance.

2. The state of being intoxicated or drunk; inebriation; ebriety;
drunkenness; the act of intoxicating or making drunk.

2. A high excitement of mind; an elation which rises to enthusiasm,
frenzy, or madness.
That secret intoxication of pleasure. Spectator.

Syn.
 -- Drunkenness; inebriation; inebriety; ebriety; infatuation;
delirium. See Drunkenness.

INTRA-
In"tra-. Etym: [L. intra, prep., within, on the inside; akin to
inter. See Inter-.]

Defn: A prefix signifying in, within, interior; as, intraocular,
within the eyeball; intramarginal.

INTRAAXILLARY
In`tra*ax"il*la*ry, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Situated below the point where a leaf joins the stem.

INTRACELLULAR
In`tra*cel"lu*lar, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Within a cell; as, the intracellular movements seen in the
pigment cells, the salivary cells, and in the protoplasm of some
vegetable cells.

INTRACOLIC
In`tra*col"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Within the colon; as, the intracolic valve.

INTRACRANIAL
In`tra*cra"ni*al, a.

Defn: Within the cranium or skull. Sir W. Hamilton.

INTRACTABILITY
In*tract`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being intractable; intractableness. Bp. Hurd.

INTRACTABLE
In*tract"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. intractabilis: cf. F. intraitable,
formerly also intractable. See In- not, and Tractable.]

Defn: Not tractable; not easily governed, managed, or directed;
indisposed to be taught, disciplined, or tamed; violent; stubborn;
obstinate; refractory; as, an intractable child.

Syn.
 -- Stubborn; perverse; obstinate; refractory; cross; unmanageable;
unruly; headstrong; violent; ungovernable; unteachable.
 -- In*tract"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- In*tract"a*bly, adv.

INTRACTILE
In*tract"ile, a.

Defn: Not tractile; incapable of being drawn out or extended. Bacon.

INTRADOS
In*tra"dos, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. intra within + F. dos the back, L.
dorsum. Cf. Extrados.] (Arch.)

Defn: The interior curve of an arch; esp., the inner or lower curved
face of the whole body of voussoirs taken together. See Extrados.

INTRAFOLIACEOUS
In`tra*fo`li*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing immediately above, or in front of, a leaf; as,
intrafoliaceous stipules.

INTRAFUSION
In`tra*fu"sion, n. Etym: [Pref. intra- + L. fundere, fusum, to pour.]

Defn: The act of pouring into a vessel; specif. (Med.), the operation
of introducing a substance into a blood vessel; as, intrafusion of
blood.

INTRALOBULAR
In`tra*lob"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Within lobules; as, the intralobular branches of the hepatic
veins.

INTRAMARGINAL
In`tra*mar"gin*al, a.

Defn: Situated within the margin. Loudon.

INTRAMERCURIAL
In`tra*mer*cu"ri*al, a. (Astron.)

Defn: Between the planet Mercury and the sun; -- as, the hypothetical
Vulcan is intramercurial.

INTRAMOLECULAR
In`tra*mo*lec"u*lar, a. (Chem. & Physics)

Defn: Between molecules; situated, or acting, between the molecules
of bodies.

INTRAMUNDANE
In`tra*mun"dane, a.

Defn: Being within the material world; -- opposed to extramundane.

INTRAMURAL
In`tra*mu"ral, a.

1. Being within the walls, as of a city.

2. (Anat. & Med.)

Defn: Being within the substance of the walls of an organ; as,
intramural pregnancy.

INTRANQUILLITY
In`tran*quil"li*ty, n.

Defn: Unquietness; restlessness. Sir W. Temple.

INTRANSCALENT
In`trans*ca"lent, a.

Defn: Impervious to heat; adiathermic.

INTRANSGRESSIBLE
In`trans*gress"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. intragressibilis that can not be
crossed. See In- not, and Transgress.]

Defn: Incapable of being transgressed; not to be passes over or
crossed. Holland.

INTRANSIENT
In*trans"ient, a.

Defn: Not transient; remaining; permanent. Killingbeck.

INTRANSIGENT
In*trans"i*gent, a. Etym: [F. intransigeant (cf. Sp. intransigente);
pref. in- not + L. transigere to come to an agreement; trans across +
agere to lead, act.]

Defn: Refusing compromise; uncompromising; irreconcilable. Lond. Sat.
Rev.

INTRANSIGENTES
In`trans"i*gen*tes, n. pl. Etym: [Sp.] (Spanish Politics)

Defn: The extreme radicals; the party of the irreconcilables.

INTRANSITIVE
In*tran"si*tive, a. Etym: [L. intransitivus: cf. F. intransitif. See
In- not, and Transitive.]

1. Not passing farther; kept; detained. [R.]
And then it is for the image's sake and so far is intransitive; but
whatever is paid more to the image is transitive and passes further.
Jer. Taylor.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Not transitive; not passing over tas, an intransitive verb, e.
g., the bird flies; the dog runs.

Note: Intransitive verbs have no passive form. Some verbs which
appear at first sight to be intransitive are in reality, or were
originally, transitive verbs with a reflexive or other object
omitted; as, he keeps (i. e., himself) aloof from danger.
Intransitive verbs may take a noun of kindred signification for a
cognate object; as, he died the death of a hero; he dreamed a dream.
Some intransitive verbs, by the addition of a preposition, become
transitive, and so admit of a passive voice; as, the man laughed at;
he was laughed at by the man.

INTRANSITIVELY
In*tran"si*tive*ly, adv. (Gram.)

Defn: Without an object following; in the manner of an intransitive
verb.

IN TRANSITU
In` tran"si*tu. Etym: [L.] (Law)

Defn: In transit; during passage; as, goods in transitu.

INTRANSMISSIBLE
In`trans*mis"si*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being transmitted.

INTRANSMUTABILITY
In`trans*mu`ta*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being intransmutable.

INTRANSMUTABLE
In`trans*mut"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being transmuted or changed into another
substance.

INTRANT
In"trant, a. Etym: [L. intrans, p. pr. of intrare to enter. See
Enter.]

Defn: Entering; penetrating.

INTRANT
In"trant, n.

Defn: One who enters; especially, a person entering upon some office
or station. Hume.

INTRANUCLEAR
In`tra*nu"cle*ar, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Within the nucleus of a cell; as. the intranuclear network of
fibrils, seen in the first stages of karyokinesis.

INTRAP
In*trap", v. t.

Defn: See Entrap. Spenser.

INTRAPARIETAL
In"tra*pa*ri"e*tal, a.

Defn: Situated or occurring within an inclosure; shut off from public
sight; private; secluded; retired.
I have no Turkish proclivities, and I do not think that, after all,
impaling is preferable as a mode of capital punishment to
intraparietal hanging. Roll

INTRAPETIOLAR
In`tra*pet"i*o*lar, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Situated between the petiole and the stem; -- said of the pair
of stipules at the base of a petiole when united by those margins
next the petiole, thus seeming to form a single stipule between the
petiole and the stem or branch; -- often confounded with
interpetiolar, from which it differs essentially in meaning.

INTRATERRITORIAL
In`tra*ter`ri*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Within the territory or a territory.

INTRATHORACIC
In`tra*tho*rac"ic, a.

Defn: Within the thora

INTRATROPICAL
In`tra*trop"ic*al, a.

Defn: Within the tropics.

INTRAUTERINE
In`tra*u"ter*ine, a.

Defn: Within the uterus or womb; as, intrauterine hemorrhage.

INTRAVALVULAR
In`tra*valv"u*lar, a.

Defn: Between valves.

INTRAVENOUS
In`tra*ve"nous, a.

Defn: Within the veins.

INTRAVENTRICULAR
In`tra*ven*tric"u*lar, a.

Defn: Within or between ventricles.

INTREASURE
In*treas"ure, v. t.

Defn: To lay up, as in a treasury; to hoard. [Obs.] Shak.

INTREAT
In*treat", v. t.

Defn: See Entreat. Spenser.

INTREATABLE
In*treat"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + treatable.]

Defn: Not to be entreated; inexorable.

INTREATANCE
In*treat"ance, n.

Defn: Entreaty. [Obs.] Holland.

INTREATFUL
In*treat"ful, a.

Defn: Full of entreaty. [Obs.] Spenser.

INTRENCH
In*trench", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intrenched; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intrenching.]

1. To cut in; to furrow; to make trenches in or upon.
It was this very sword intrenched it. Shak.
His face Deep scars of thunder had intrenched. Milton.

2. To surround with a trench or with intrenchments, as in
fortification; to fortify with a ditch and parapet; as, the army
intrenched their camp, or intrenched itself. "In the suburbs close
intrenched." Shak.

INTRENCH
In*trench", v. i.

Defn: To invade; to encroach; to infringe or trespass; to enter on,
and take possession of, that which belongs to another; -- usually
followed by on or upon; as, the king was charged with intrenching on
the rights of the nobles, and the nobles were accused of intrenching
on the prerogative of the crown.
We are not to intrench upon truth in any conversation, but least of
all with children. Locke.

INTRENCHANT
In*trench"ant, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + trenchant.]

Defn: Not to be gashed or marked with furrows. [Obs.]
As easy mayest thou the intrenchant air With thy keen sword impress,
as make me bleed. Shak.

INTRENCHMENT
In*trench"ment, n. Etym: [From Intrench.]

1. The act of intrenching or the state of being intrenched.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: Any defensive work consisting of at least a trench or ditch and
a parapet made from the earth thrown up in making such a ditch.
On our side, we have thrown up intrenchments on Winter and Prospect
Hills. Washington.

3. Any defense or protection.

4. An encroachment or infringement.
The slight intrenchment upon individual freedom. Southey.

INTREPID
In*trep"id, a. Etym: [L. intrepidus: cf. F. intrépide. See In- not,
and Trepidation.]

Defn: Not trembling or shaking with fear; fearless; bold; brave;
undaunted; courageous; as, an intrepid soldier; intrepid spirit.

Syn.
 -- Fearless; dauntless; resolute; brave; courageous; daring;
valiant; heroic; doughty.

INTREPIDITY
In`tre*pid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. intrépidité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being intrepid; fearless bravery;
courage; resoluteness; valor.
Sir Roger had acquitted himself of two or three sentences with a look
of much business and great intrepidity. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Courage; heroism; bravery; fortitude; gallantry; valor. See
Courage, Heroism.

INTREPIDLY
In*trep"id*ly, adv.

Defn: In an intrepid manner; courageously; resolutely.

INTRICABLE
In"tri*ca*ble, a. Etym: [See Intricate.]

Defn: Entangling. [Obs.] Shelton.

INTRICACY
In"tri*ca*cy, n.; pl. Intricacies. Etym: [From Intricate.]

Defn: The state or quality of being intricate or entangled;
perplexity; involution; complication; complexity; that which is
intricate or involved; as, the intricacy of a knot; the intricacy of
accounts; the intricacy of a cause in controversy; the intricacy of a
plot.
Freed from intricacies, taught to live The easiest way. Milton.

INTRICATE
In"tri*cate, a. Etym: [L. intricatus, p. p. of intricare to entangle,
perplex. Cf. Intrigue, Extricate.]

Defn: Entangled; involved; perplexed; complicated; difficult to
understand, follow, arrange, or adjust; as, intricate machinery,
labyrinths, accounts, plots, etc.
His style was fit to convey the most intricate business to the
understanding with the utmost clearness. Addison.
The nature of man is intricate. Burke.

Syn.
 -- Intricate, Complex, Complicated. A thing is complex when it is
made up of parts; it is complicated when those parts are so many, or
so arranged, as to make it difficult to grasp them; it is intricate
when it has numerous windings and confused involutions which it is
hard to follow out. What is complex must be resolved into its parts;
what is complicated must be drawn out and developed; what is
intricate must be unraveled.

INTRICATE
In"tri*cate, v. t.

Defn: To entangle; to involve; to make perplexing. [Obs.]
It makes men troublesome, and intricates all wise discourses. Jer.
Taylor.

INTRICATELY
In"tri*cate*ly, adv.

Defn: In an intricate manner.

INTRICATENESS
In"tri*cate*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being intricate; intricacy.

INTRICATION
In`tri*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Entanglement. [Obs.]

INTRIGANTE
In`tri`gante", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A female intriguer.

INTRIGUE
In*trigue", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Intrigued; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intriguing.] Etym: [F. intriguer, OF. intriquer, entriquer; cf. It.
intrigare. See Intricate, Extricate.]

1. To form a plot or scheme; to contrive to accomplish a purpose by
secret artifice.

2. To carry on a secret and illicit love or amour.

INTRIGUE
In*trigue", v. t.

Defn: To fill with artifice and duplicity; to complicate; to
embarrass. [Obs.]
How doth it [sin] perplex and intrique the whole course of your
lives! Dr. J. Scott.

INTRIGUE
In*trigue", n. Etym: [Cf. F. intrique. See Intrigue, v. i.]

1. Intricacy; complication. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

2. A complicated plot or scheme intended to effect some purpose by
secret artifice; conspiracy; stratagem.
Busy meddlers with intrigues of state. Pomfret.

3. The plot or romance; a complicated scheme of designs, actions, and
events. Pope.

4. A secret and illicit love affair between two persons of different
sexes; an amour; a liaison.
The hero of a comedy is represented victorious in all his intrigues.
Swift.

Syn.
 -- Plot; scheme; conspiracy; machination.

INTRIGUER
In*trigu"er, n.

Defn: One who intrigues.

INTRIGUERY
In*trigu"er*y, n.

Defn: Arts or practice of intrigue.

INTRIGUINGLY
In*trigu"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By means of, or in the manner of, intrigue.

INTRINSE
In*trinse", a. Etym: [See Intrinsic, and Intense.]

Defn: Tightly drawn; or (perhaps) intricate. [Very rare]
Like rats, oft bite the holy cords atwain, Which are too intrinse to
unloose. Shak.

INTRINSIC
In*trin"sic, a. Etym: [L. intrinsecus inward, on the inside; intra
within + secus otherwise, beside; akin to E. second: cf. F.
intrinsèque. See Inter-, Second, and cf. Extrinsic.]

1. Inward; internal; hence, true; genuine; real; essential; inherent;
not merely apparent or accidental; -- opposed to extrinsic; as, the
intrinsic value of gold or silver; the intrinsic merit of an action;
the intrinsic worth or goodness of a person.
He was better qualified than they to estimate justly the intrinsic
value of Grecian philosophy and refinement. I. Taylor.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Included wholly within an organ or limb, as certain groups of
muscles; -- opposed to extrinsic. Intrinsic energy of a body
(Physics), the work it can do in virtue of its actual condition,
without any supply of energy from without.
 -- Intrinsic equation of a curve (Geom.), the equation which
expresses the relation which the length of a curve, measured from a
given point of it, to a movable point, has to the angle which the
tangent to the curve at the movable point makes with a fixed line.
 -- Intrinsic value. See the Note under Value, n.

Syn.
 -- Inherent; innate; natural; real; genuine.

INTRINSIC
In*trin"sic, n.

Defn: A genuine quality. [Obs.] Warburton.

INTRINSICAL
In*trin"sic*al, a. [Formerly written intrinsecal.]

1. Intrinsic.

2. Intimate; closely familiar. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

INTRINSICALITY
In*trin`si*cal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of

INTRINSICALLY
In*trin"sic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Internally;
A lie is a thing absolutely and intrinsically evil. South.

INTRINSICALNESS
In*trin"sic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being intrinsical; intrinsicality.

INTRINSICATE
In*trin"si*cate, a.

Defn: Intricate. [Obs.] Shak.

INTRO-
In"tro-. Etym: [L. intro, adv., inwardly, within. See Inter-.]

Defn: A prefix signifying within, into, in, inward; as, introduce,
introreception, introthoracic.

INTROCESSION
In`tro*ces"sion, n. Etym: [L. introcedere, introcessum, to go in;
intro within + cedere to go.] (Med.)

Defn: A depression, or inward sinking of parts.

INTRODUCE
In`tro*duce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Introduced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Introducing.] Etym: [L. introducere, introductum; intro within +
ducere to lead. See Intro-, and Duke.]

1. To lead or bring in; to conduct or usher in; as, to introduce a
person into a drawing-room.

2. To put (something into a place); to insert; as, to introduce the
finger, or a probe.

3. To lead to and make known by formal announcement or
recommendation; hence, to cause to be acquainted; as, to introduce
strangers; to introduce one person to another.

4. To bring into notice, practice, cultivation, or use; as, to
introduce a new fashion, method, or plant.

5. To produce; to cause to exist; to induce. [Obs.]
Whosoever introduces habits in children, deserves the care and
attention of their governors. Locke.

6. To open to notice; to begin; to present; as, he introduced the
subject with a long preface.

Syn.
 -- To bring in; usher in; insert; begin; preface.

INTRODUCEMENT
In`tro*duce"ment, n.

Defn: Introduction. [Obs.]

INTRODUCER
In`tro*du"cer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, introduces.

INTRODUCT
In`tro*duct", v. t.

Defn: To introduce. [Obs.]

INTRODUCTION
In`tro*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. introductio: cf. F. introduction. See
Introduce.]

1. The act of introducing, or bringing to notice.

2. The act of formally making persons known to each other; a
presentation or making known of one person to another by name; as,
the introduction of one stranger to another.

3. That part of a book or discourse which introduces or leads the way
to the main subject, or part; preliminary; matter; preface; proem;
exordium.

4. A formal and elaborate preliminary treatise; specifically, a
treatise introductory to other treatises, or to a course of study; a
guide; as, an introduction to English literature.

INTRODUCTIVE
In`tro*duc"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. introductif.]

Defn: Serving to introduce; introductory.
 -- In`tro*duc"tive*ly, adv.

INTRODUCTOR
In`tro*duc"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: An introducer. [Obs.]

INTRODUCTORILY
In`tro*duc"to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of introduction.

INTRODUCTORY
In`tro*duc"to*ry, a. Etym: [L. itroductorius: cf. F. introductoire.]

Defn: Serving to introduce something else; leading to the main
subject or business; preliminary; prefatory; as, introductory
proceedings; an introductory discourse.

INTRODUCTRESS
In`tro*duc"tress, n.

Defn: A female introducer.

INTROFLEXED
In`tro*flexed", a.

Defn: Flexed or bent inward.

INTROGRESSION
In`tro*gres"sion, n. Etym: [L. introgressus, p. p. of introgredi to
go in; intro- within + gradi to step, go.]

Defn: The act of going in; entrance. Blount.

INTROIT
In*tro"it, n. Etym: [L. introitus, fr. introire to go into, to enter;
intro within + ire to go: cf. F. introit.]

1. A going in. Caxton.

2. (R. C. Ch.)
(a) A psalm sung or chanted immediately before the collect, epistle,
and gospel, and while the priest is entering within the rails of the
altar.
(b) A part of a psalm or other portion of Scripture read by the
priest at Mass immediately after ascending to the altar.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: An anthem or psalm sung before the Communion service.

4. Any composition of vocal music appropriate to the opening of
church services.

INTROMISSION
In`tro*mis"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. intromission. See Intromit.]

1. The act of sending in or of putting in; insertion. South.

2. The act of letting go in; admission.

3. (Scots Law)

Defn: An intermeddling with the affairs of another, either on legal
grounds or without authority.

INTROMIT
In`tro*mit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intromitted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intromitting.] Etym: [L. intromittere, intromissum; intro- within +
mittere to send.]

1. To send in or put in; to insert or introduce. Greenhill.

2. To allow to pass in; to admit.
Glass in the window intromits light, without cold. Holder.

INTROMIT
In`tro*mit", v. i. (Scots Law)

Defn: To intermeddle with the effects or goods of another.

INTROMITTENT
In`tro*mit"tent, a. Etym: [L. intromittens, p. pr.]

1. Throwing, or allowing to pass, into or within.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Used in copulation; -- said of the external reproductive organs
of the males of many animals, and sometimes of those of the females.

INTROMITTER
In`tro*mit"ter, n.

Defn: One who intromits.

INTROPRESSION
In`tro*pres"sion, n.

Defn: Pressure acting within. [R.]

INTRORECEPTION
In`tro*re*cep"tion, n.

Defn: The act of admitting into or within. Hammond.

INTRORSE
In*trorse", a. Etym: [L. introrsus inward, contr. from introversus.
See Introvert.] (Bot.)

Defn: Turning or facing inward, or toward the axis of the part to
which it belongs. Gray.

INTROSPECT
In`tro*spect", v. t. Etym: [L. introspectus, p. p. introspicere to
look into; intro within + specere to look. See Spy.]

Defn: To look into or within; to view the inside of. Bailey.

INTROSPECTION
In`tro*spec"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. introspection.]

Defn: A view of the inside or interior; a looking inward;
specifically, the act or process of self-examination, or inspection
of one's own thoughts and feelings; the cognition which the mind has
of its own acts and states; self-consciousness; reflection.
I was forced to make an introspection into my own mind. Dryden.

INTROSPECTIONIST
In`tro*spec"tion*ist, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: One given to the introspective method of examining the
phenomena of the soul.

INTROSPECTIVE
In`tro*spec"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. introspectif.]

1. Inspecting within; seeing inwardly; capable of, or exercising,
inspection; self-conscious.

2. Involving the act or results of conscious knowledge of physical
phenomena; -- contrasted with associational. J. S. Mill.

INTROSUME
In`tro*sume", v. t. Etym: [Pref. intro- + L. sumere to take.]

Defn: To draw in; to swallow. [Obs.] Evelyn.

INTROSUSCEPTION
In`tro*sus*cep"tion, n.

1. The act or process of receiving within.
The person is corrupted by the introsusception of a nature which
becomes evil thereby. Coleridge.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Intussusception.

INTROVENIENT
In`tro*ven"ient, a. Etym: [L. introveniens, p. pr. of introvenire to
come in; intro within + venire to come.]

Defn: Coming in together; entering; commingling. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

INTROVERSION
In`tro*ver"sion, n. Etym: [See Introvert.]

Defn: The act of introverting, or the state of being introverted; the
act of turning the mind inward. Berkeley.

INTROVERT
In`tro*vert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Introverted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Introverting.] Etym: [Pref. intro- + L. vertere, versum, to turn.]

1. To turn or bend inward. "Introverted toes." Cowper.

2. To look within; to introspect. Lew Wallace.

INTRUDE
In*trude", v. i. Etym: [L. intrudere, intrusum; pref. in- in +
trudere to thrust, akin to E. threat. See Threat.]

Defn: To thrust one's self in; to come or go in without invitation,
permission, or welcome; to encroach; to trespass; as, to intrude on
families at unseasonable hours; to intrude on the lands of another.
Thy wit wants edge And manners, to intrude where I am graced. Shak.
Some thoughts rise and intrude upon us, while we shun them; others
fly from us, when we would hold them. I. Watts.

INTRUDE
In*trude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intruded; p. pr. & vb. n. Intruding.]

1. To thrust or force (something) in or upon; especially, to force
(one's self) in without leave or welcome; as, to intrude one's
presence into a conference; to intrude one's opinions upon another.

2. To enter by force; to invade. [Obs.]
Why should the worm intrude the maiden bud Shak.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: The cause to enter or force a way, as into the crevices of
rocks.

Syn.
 -- To obtrude; encroach; infringe; intrench; trespass. See Obtrude.

INTRUDED
In*trud"ed, p. a. (Geol.)

Defn: Same as Intrusive.

INTRUDER
In*trud"er, n.

Defn: One who intrudes; one who thrusts himself in, or enters without
right, or without leave or welcome; a trespasser.
They were all strangers and intruders. Locke.

INTRUDRESS
In*trud"ress, n.

Defn: A female intruder.

INTRUNK
In*trunk", v. t.

Defn: To inclose as in a trunk; to incase. [R.] Ford.

INTRUSION
In*tru"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. intrusion. See Intrude.]

1. The act of intruding, or of forcing in; especially, the forcing
(one's self) into a place without right or welcome; encroachment.
Why this intrusion Were not my orders that I should be private
Addison.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: The penetrating of one rock, while in a plastic or metal state,
into the cavities of another.

3. (Law)

Defn: The entry of a stranger, after a particular estate or freehold
is determined, before the person who holds in remainder or reversion
has taken possession.

4. (Scotch Ch.)

Defn: The settlement of a minister over 3 congregation without their
consent.

INTRUSIONAL
In*tru"sion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to intrusion.

INTRUSIONIST
In*tru"sion*ist, n.

Defn: One who intrudes; especially, one who favors the appointment of
a clergyman to a parish, by a patron, against the wishes of the
parishioners.

INTRUSIVE
In*tru"sive, a.

Defn: Apt to intrude; characterized by intrusion; entering without
right or welcome. Intrusive rocks (Geol.), rocks which have been
forced, while in a plastic or melted state, into the cavities or
between the cracks or layers of other rocks. The term is sometimes
used as equivalent to plutonic rocks. It is then contrasted with
effusive or volcanic rocks.
 -- In*tru"sive*ly, adv.
 -- In*tru"sive*ness, n.

INTRUST
In*trust", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intrusted, p. pr. & vb. n.
Intrusting.]

Defn: To deliver (something) to another in trust; to deliver to
(another) something in trust; to commit or surrender (something) to
another with a certain confidence regarding his care, use, or
disposal of it; as, to intrust a servant with one's money or intrust
money or goods to a servant.

Syn.
 -- To commit; consign; confide. See Commit.

INTUBATION
In`tu*ba"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. in- in + tube.] (Med.)

Defn: The introduction of a tube into an organ to keep it open, as
into the larynx in croup.

INTUITION
In`tu*i"tion, n. Etym: [L. intuitus, p. p. of intueri to look on; in-
in, on + tueri: cf. F. intuition. See Tuition.]

1. A looking after; a regard to. [Obs.]
What, no reflection on a reward! He might have an intuition at it, as
the encouragement, though not the cause, of his pains. Fuller.

2. Direct apprehension or cognition; immediate knowledge, as in
perception or consciousness; -- distinguished from "mediate"
knowledge, as in reasoning; as, the mind knows by intuition that
black is not white, that a circle is not a square, that three are
more than two, etc.; quick or ready insight or apprehension.
Sagacity and a nameless something more, -- let us call it intuition.
Hawthorne.

3. Any object or truth discerned by direct cognition; especially, a
first or primary truth.

INTUITIONAL
In`tu*i"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, intuition; characterized by
intuition; perceived by intuition; intuitive.

INTUITIONALISM
In`tu*i"tion*al*ism, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: The doctrine that the perception or recognition of primary
truth is intuitive, or direct and immediate; -- opposed to
sensationalism, and experientialism.

INTUITIONALIST
In`tu*i"tion*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who holds the doctrine of intuitionalism.

INTUITIONISM
In`tu*i"tion*ism, n.

Defn: Same as Intuitionalism.

INTUITIONIST
In`tu*i"tion*ist, n.

Defn: Same as Intuitionalist. Bain.

INTUITIVE
In*tu"i*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. intuitif.]

1. Seeing clearly; as, an intuitive view; intuitive vision.

2. Knowing, or perceiving, by intuition; capable of knowing without
deduction or reasoning.
Whence the soul Reason receives, and reason is her being, Discursive,
or intuitive. Milton.

3. Received. reached, obtained, or perceived, by intuition; as,
intuitive judgment or knowledge; -- opposed to deductive. Locke.

INTUITIVELY
In*tu"i*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an intuitive manner.

INTUITIVISM
In*tu"i*tiv*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine that the ideas of right and wrong are intuitive.
J. Grote.

INTUMESCE
In`tu*mesce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Intumesced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Intumescing.] Etym: [L. intumescere; pref. in- in + tumescere to
swell up, incho. fr. tumere to swell. See Tumid.]

Defn: To enlarge or expand with heat; to swell; specifically, to
swell up or bubble up under the action of heat, as before the
blowpipe.
In a higher heat, it intumesces, and melts into a yellowish black
mass. Kirwan.

INTUMESCENCE
In`tu*mes"cence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. intumescence.]

1. The act or process of swelling or enlarging; also, the state of
being swollen; expansion; tumidity; especially, the swelling up of
bodies under the action of heat.
The intumescence of nations. Johnson.

2. Anything swollen or enlarged, as a tumor.

INTUMESCENT
In`tu*mes"cent, a. Etym: [L. intumescens, p. pr.]

Defn: Swelling up; expanding.

INTUMULATED
In*tu"mu*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. intumulatus. See In- not, and
Tumulate.]

Defn: Unburied. [Obs.]

INTUNE
In*tune", v. t.

Defn: To intone. Cf. Entune.

INTURBIDATE
In*tur"bid*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inturbidated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inturbidating.] Etym: [Pref. in- in + turbid.]

Defn: To render turbid; to darken; to confuse. [R.]
The confusion of ideas and conceptions under the same term painfully
inturbidates his theology. Coleridge.

INTURGESCENCE
In`tur*ges"cence, n. Etym: [L. inturgescens, p. pr. of inturgescere
to swell up. See 1st In-, and Turgescent.]

Defn: A swelling; the act of swelling, or state of being swelled.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

INTUSE
In"tuse, n. Etym: [L. intundere to bruise; pref. in- in + tundere,
tusum, to beat, bruise.]

Defn: A bruise; a contusion. [Obs.] Spenser.

INTUSSUSCEPTED
In`tus*sus*cep"ted, a. Etym: [See Intussusception.]

Defn: Received into some other thing or part, as a sword into a
sheath; invaginated.

INTUSSUSCEPTION
In`tus*sus*cep"tion, n. Etym: [L. intus within + susception. Cf.
Introsusception.]

1. The reception of one part within another.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The abnormal reception or slipping of a part of a tube, by
inversion and descent, within a contiguous part of it; specifically,
the reception or slipping of the upper part of the small intestine
into the lower; introsusception; invagination. Dunglison.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The interposition of new particles of formative material among
those already existing, as in a cell wall, or in a starch grain.

4. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act of taking foreign matter, as food, into a living body;
the process of nutrition, by which dead matter is absorbed by the
living organism, and ultimately converted into the organized
substance of its various tissues and organs.
Dead bodies increase by apposition; living bodies by
intrussusception. McKendrick.

INTWINE
In*twine", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Entwine.]

Defn: To twine or twist into, or together; to wreathe; as, a wreath
of flowers intwined. [Written also entwine.]

INTWINE
In*twine", v. i.

Defn: To be or to become intwined.

INTWINEMENT
In*twine"ment, n.

Defn: The act of twinning, or the state of being intwined.

INTWIST
In*twist", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Entwist.]

Defn: To twist into or together; to interweave. [Written also
entwist.]

INUENDO
In`u*en"do, n.

Defn: See Innuendo.

INULIN
In"u*lin, n. Etym: [From NL. Inula Helenium, the elecampane: cf. F.
inuline.] (Chem.)

Defn: A substance of very wide occurrence. It is found dissolved in
the sap of the roots and rhizomes of many composite and other plants,
as Inula, Helianthus, Campanula, etc., and is extracted by solution
as a tasteless, white, semicrystalline substance, resembling starch,
with which it is isomeric. It is intermediate in nature between
starch and sugar. Called also dahlin, helenin, alantin, etc.

INULOID
In"u*loid, n. Etym: [Inulin + -oid.] (Chem.)

Defn: A substance resembling inulin, found in the unripe bulbs of the
dahila.

INUMBRATE
In*um"brate, v. t. Etym: [L. inumbratus, p. p. of inumbrare to
shade.]

Defn: To shade; to darken. [Obs.]

INUNCTED
In*unc"ted, a. Etym: [See Inunction.]

Defn: Anointed. [Obs.] Cockeram.

INUNCTION
In*unc"tion, n. Etym: [L. inunctio, fr. inungere, inunctum, to
anoint. See 1st In-, and Unction.]

Defn: The act of anointing, or the state of being anointed; unction;
specifically (Med.), the rubbing of ointments into the pores of the
skin, by which medicinal agents contained in them, such as mercury,
iodide of potash, etc., are absorbed.

INUNCTUOSITY
In*unc`tu*os"i*ty, n.

Defn: The want of unctuosity; freedom from greasiness or oiliness;
as, the inunctuosity of porcelain clay. Kirwan.

INUNDANT
In*un"dant, a. Etym: [L. inundans, p. pr. of inundare.]

Defn: Overflowing. [R.] Shenstone.

INUNDATE
In*un"date, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inundated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inundating.] Etym: [L. inundatus, p. p. of inundare to inundate;
pref. in- in + undare to rise in waves, to overflow, fr. unda a wave.
See Undulate.]

1. To cover with a flood; to overflow; to deluge; to flood; as, the
river inundated the town.

2. To fill with an overflowing abundance or superfluity; as, the
country was inundated with bills of credit.

Syn.
 -- To overflow; deluge; flood; overwhelm; submerge; drown.

INUNDATION
In`un*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. inundatio: cf. F. inondation.]

1. The act of inundating, or the state of being inundated; an
overflow; a flood; a rising and spreading of water over grounds.
With inundation wide the deluge reigns, Drowns the deep valleys, and
o'erspreads the plains. Wilkie.

2. An overspreading of any kind; overflowing or superfluous
abundance; a flood; a great influx; as, an inundation of tourists.
To stop the inundation of her tears. Shak.

INUNDERSTANDING
In*un`der*stand"ing, a.

Defn: Void of understanding. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

INURBANE
In`ur*bane", a. Etym: [L. inurbanus. See In- not, and Urbane.]

Defn: Uncivil; unpolished; rude. M. Arnold.
 -- In`ur*bane"ly, adv.
 -- In`ur*bane"ness, n.

INURBANITY
In`ur*ban"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. inurbanité.]

Defn: Want of urbanity or courtesy; unpolished manners or deportment;
inurbaneness; rudeness. Bp. Hall.

INURE
In*ure", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inured; p. pr. & vb. n. Inuring.] Etym:
[From pref. in- in + ure use, work. See Ure use, practice, Opera, and
cf. Manure.]

Defn: To apply in use; to train; to discipline; to use or accustom
till use gives little or no pain or inconvenience; to harden; to
habituate; to practice habitually. "To inure our prompt obedience."
Milton.
He . . . did inure them to speak little. Sir T. North.
Inured and exercised in learning. Robynson (More's Utopia).
The poor, inured to drudgery and distress. Cowper.

INURE
In*ure", v. i.

Defn: To pass into use; to take or have effect; to be applied; to
serve to the use or benefit of; as, a gift of lands inures to the
heirs. [Written also enure.]

INUREMENT
In*ure"ment, n.

Defn: Use; practice; discipline; habit; custom.

INURN
In*urn", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inurned; p. pr. & vb. n. Inurning.]

Defn: To put in an urn, as the ashes of the dead; hence, to bury; to
intomb.
The sepulcher Wherein we saw thee quietly inurned. Shak.

INUSITATE
In*u"si*tate, a. Etym: [L. inunsitatus unusual. See Use.]

Defn: Unusual. [R.] Bramhall.

INUSITATION
In*u"si*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Want of use; disuse. [R.] Paley.

INUST
In*ust", a. Etym: [L. inurere, inustum, to burn in; pref. in- in +
urere to burn.]

Defn: Burnt in. [Obs.]

INUSTION
In*us"tion, n.

Defn: The act of burning or branding. [Obs.] T. Adams.

INUTILE
In*u"tile, a. Etym: [L. inutilis: cf. F. inutile. See In- not,
Utile.]

Defn: Useless; unprofitable. [Obs.] Bacon.

INUTILITY
In`u*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. inutilitas: cf. F. inutilité.]

Defn: Uselessness; the quality of being unprofitable;
unprofitableness; as, the inutility of vain speculations and
visionary projects.

INUTTERABLE
In*ut"ter*a*ble, a.

Defn: Unutterable; inexpressible. Milton.

IN VACUO
In` vac"u*o. Etym: [L.] (Physics)

Defn: In a vacuum; in empty space; as, experiments in vacuo.

INVADE
In*vade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Invading.]
Etym: [L. invadere, invasum; pref. in- in + vadere to go, akin to E.
wade: cf. OF. invader, F. envahir. See Wade.]

1. To go into or upon; to pass within the confines of; to enter; --
used of forcible or rude ingress. [Obs.]
Which becomes a body, and doth then invade The state of life, out of
the grisly shade. Spenser.

2. To enter with hostile intentions; to enter with a view to conquest
or plunder; to make an irruption into; to attack; as, the Romans
invaded Great Britain.
Such an enemy Is risen to invade us. Milton.

3. To attack; to infringe; to encroach on; to violate; as, the king
invaded the rights of the people.

4. To grow or spread over; to affect injuriously and progressively;
as, gangrene invades healthy tissue.

Syn.
 -- To attack; assail; encroach upon. See Attack.

INVADE
In*vade", v. i.

Defn: To make an invasion. Brougham.

INVADER
In*vad"er, n.

Defn: One who invades; an assailant; an encroacher; an intruder.

INVAGINATE
In*vag"i*nate, v. t.

Defn: To insert as in a sheath; to pr

INVAGINATE; INVAGINATED
In*vag"i*nate, In*vag"i*na`ted, a. (Biol.)
(a) Sheathed.
(b) Having one portion of a hollow organ drawn back within another
portion.

INVAGINATION
In*vag`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. pref. in- + vagina sheath.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: The condition of an invaginated organ or part.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: One of the methods by which the various germinal layers of the
ovum are differentiated.

Note: In embolic invagination, one half of the blastosphere is pushed
in towards the other half, producing an embryonic form known as a
gastrula.
 -- In epibolic invagination, a phenomenon in the development of some
invertebrate ova, the epiblast appears to grow over or around the
hypoblast.

INVALESCENCE
In`va*les"cence, n. Etym: [L. invalescens, p. pr. of invalescere to
become strong. See 1st In-, and Convalesce.]

Defn: Strength; health. [Obs.]

INVALETUDINARY
In*val`e*tu"di*na*ry, a.

Defn: Wanting health; valetudinary. [R.]

INVALID
In*val"id, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + valid: cf. F. invalide, L.
invalidus infirm, weak. Cf. Invalid infirm.]

1. Of no force, weight, or cogency; not valid; weak.

2. (Law)

Defn: Having no force, effect, or efficacy; void; null; as, an
invalid contract or agreement.

INVALID
In"va*lid, n. Etym: [F. invalide, n. & a., L. invalidus, a. See
Invalid null.]

Defn: A person who is weak and infirm; one who is disabled for active
service; especially, one in chronic ill health.

INVALID
In"va*lid, a. Etym: [See Invalid, n.]

Defn: Not well; feeble; infirm; sickly; as, he had an invalid
daughter.

INVALID
In"va*lid, v. t.

1. To make or render invalid or infirm. "Invalided, bent, and almost
blind." Dickens.

2. To classify or enroll as an invalid.
Peace coming, he was invalided on half pay. Carlyle.

INVALIDATE
In*val"i*date, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invalidated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Invalidating.] Etym: [From Invalid null.]

Defn: To render invalid; to weaken or lessen the force of; to destroy
the authority of; to render of no force or effect; to overthrow; as,
to invalidate an agreement or argument.

INVALIDATION
In*val`i*da"tion, n.

Defn: The act of inavlidating, or the state of being invalidated.
So many invalidations of their right. Burke.

INVALIDE
In`va*lide", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Invalid, n.

INVALIDISM
In"va*lid*ism, n.

Defn: The condition of an invalid; sickness; infirmity.

INVALIDITY
In`va*lid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. invalidité, LL. invaliditas want of
health.]

1. Want of validity or cogency; want of legal force or efficacy;
invalidness; as, the invalidity of an agreement or of a will.

2. Want of health; infirmity. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

INVALIDNESS
In*val"id*ness, n.

Defn: Invalidity; as, the invalidness of reasoning.

INVALOROUS
In*val"or*ous, a.

Defn: Not valorous; cowardly.

INVALUABLE
In*val"u*a*ble, a.

Defn: Valuable beyond estimation; inestimable; priceless; precious.

INVALUABLY
In*val"u*a*bly, adv.

Defn: Inestimably. Bp. Hall.

INVALUED
In*val"ued, a.

Defn: Inestimable. [R.] Drayton.

INVARIABILITY
In*va`ri*a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. invariabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being invariable; invariableness; constancy;
uniformity.

INVARIABLE
In*va"ri*a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + variable: cf. F.
invariable.]

Defn: Not given to variation or change; unalterable; unchangeable;
always uniform.
Physical laws which are invariable. I. Taylor.
-- In*va"ri*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- In*va"ri*a*bly, adv.

INVARIABLE
In*va"ri*a*ble, n. (Math.)

Defn: An invariable quantity; a constant.

INVARIANCE
In*va"ri*ance, n. (Math.)

Defn: The property of remaining invariable under prescribed or
implied conditions. J. J. Sylvester.

INVARIANT
In*va"ri*ant, n. (Math.)

Defn: An invariable quantity; specifically, a function of the
coefficients of one or more forms, which remains unaltered, when
these undergo suitable linear transformations. J. J. Sylvester.

INVASION
In*va"sion, n. Etym: [L. invasio: cf. F. invasion. See Invade.]

1. The act of invading; the act of encroaching upon the rights or
possessions of another; encroachment; trespass.

2. A warlike or hostile entrance into the possessions or domains of
another; the incursion of an army for conquest or plunder.

3. The incoming or first attack of anything hurtful or pernicious;
as, the invasion of a disease.

Syn.
 -- Invasion, Irruption, Inroad. Invasion is the generic term,
denoting a forcible entrance into a foreign country. Incursion
signifies a hasty and sudden invasion. Irruption denotes particularly
violent invasion. Inroad is entry by some unusual way involving
trespass and injury.

INVASIVE
In*va"sive, a. Etym: [LL. invasivus: cf. F. invasif. See Invade.]

Defn: Tending to invade; characterized by invasion; aggressive.
"Invasive war." Hoole.

INVECT
In*vect", v. i.

Defn: To inveigh. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

INVECTED
In*vec"ted, a. Etym: [L. invectus carried in. See Inveigh.] (Her.)

Defn: Having a border or outline composed of semicircles with the
convexity outward; -- the opposite of engrailed.

INVECTION
In*vec"tion, n. Etym: [L. invectio. See Inveigh.]

Defn: An inveighing against; invective. [Obs.] Fulke.

INVECTIVE
In*vec"tive, a. Etym: [L. invectivus: cf. F. invectif. See Inveigh.]

Defn: Characterized by invection; critical; denunciatory; satirical;
abusive; railing.

INVECTIVE
In*vec"tive, n. Etym: [F. invective.]

Defn: An expression which inveighs or rails against a person; a
severe or violent censure or reproach; something uttered or written,
intended to cast opprobrium, censure, or reproach on another; a harsh
or reproachful accusation; -- followed by against, having reference
to the person or thing affected; as an invective against tyranny.
The world will be able to judge of his [Junius'] motives for writing
such famous invectives. Sir W. Draper.

Syn.
 -- Abuse; censure; reproach; satire; sarcasm; railing; diatribe. See
Abuse.

INVECTIVELY
In*vec"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an invective manner. Shak.

INVEIGH
In*veigh", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inveighed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inveighing.] Etym: [L. invehere, invectum, to carry or bring into or
against, to attack with words, to inveigh; pref. in- in + vehere to
carry. See Vehicle, and cf. Invective.]

Defn: To declaim or rail (against some person or thing); to utter
censorious and bitter language; to attack with harsh criticism or
reproach, either spoken or written; to use invectives; -- with
against; as, to inveigh against character, conduct, manners, customs,
morals, a law, an abuse.
All men inveighed against him; all men, except court vassals, opposed
him. Milton.
The artificial life against which we inveighed. Hawthorne.

INVEIGHER
In*veigh"er, n.

Defn: One who inveighs.

INVEIGLE
In*vei"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inveigled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inveigling.] Etym: [Prob. fr. F. aveugler to blind, to delude, OF.
aveugler, avugler, avegler, fr. F. aveugle blind, OF. aveugle,
avugle, properly, without eyes, fr. L. ab + oculus eye. The pref. in-
seems to have been substituted for a- taken as the pref. F. à, L. ad.
See Ocular.]

Defn: To lead astray as if blind; to persuade to something evil by
deceptive arts or flattery; to entice; to insnare; to seduce; to
wheedle.
Yet have they many baits and guileful spells To inveigle and invite
the un unwary sense. Milton.

INVEIGLEMENT
In*vei"gle*ment, n.

Defn: The act of inveigling, or the state of being inveigled; that
which inveigles; enticement; seduction. South.

INVEIGLER
In*vei"gler, n.

Defn: One who inveigles.

INVEIL
In*veil", v. t.

Defn: To cover, as with a vail. W. Browne.

INVENDIBILITY
In*vend`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being invendible; invendibleness; unsalableness.

INVENDIBLE
In*vend"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. invendibilis. See In- not, and Vendible.]

Defn: Not vendible or salable. Jefferson.
 -- In*vend"i*ble*ness, n.

INVENOM
In*ven"om, v. t.

Defn: See Envenom.

INVENT
In*vent", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invented; p. pr. & vb. n. Inventing.]
Etym: [L. inventus, p. p. of invenire to come upon, to find, invent;
pref. in- in + venire to come, akin to E. come: cf. F. inventer. See
Come.]

1. To come or light upon; to meet; to find. [Obs.]
And vowed never to return again, Till him alive or dead she did
invent. Spenser.

2. To discover, as by study or inquiry; to find out; to devise; to
contrive or produce for the first time; -- applied commonly to the
discovery of some serviceable mode, instrument, or machine.
Thus first Necessity invented stools. Cowper.

3. To frame by the imagination; to fabricate mentally; to forge; --
in a good or a bad sense; as, to invent the machinery of a poem; to
invent a falsehood.
Whate'er his cruel malice could invent. Milton.
He had invented some circumstances, and put the worst possible
construction on others. Sir W. Scott.

Syn.
 -- To discover; contrive; devise; frame; design; fabricate; concoct;
elaborate. See Discover.

INVENTER
In*vent"er, n.

Defn: One who invents.

INVENTFUL
In*vent"ful, a.

Defn: Full of invention. J. Gifford.

INVENTIBLE
In*vent"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being invented.

INVENTIBLENESS
In*vent"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being inventible.

INVENTION
In*ven"tion, n. Etym: [L. inventio: cf. F. invention. See Invent.]

1. The act of finding out or inventing; contrivance or construction
of that which has not before existed; as, the invention of
logarithms; the invention of the art of printing.

As the search of it [truth] is the duty, so the invention will be the
happiness of man. Tatham.

2. That which is invented; an original contrivance or construction; a
device; as, this fable was the invention of Esop; that falsehood was
her own invention.
We entered by the drawbridge, which has an invention to let one fall
if not premonished. Evelyn.

3. Thought; idea. Shak.

4. A fabrication to deceive; a fiction; a forgery; a falsehood.
Filling their hearers With strange invention. Shak.

5. The faculty of inventing; imaginative faculty; skill or ingenuity
in contriving anything new; as, a man of invention.
They lay no less than a want of invention to his charge; a capital
crime, . . . for a poet is a maker. Dryden.

6. (Fine Arts, Rhet., etc.)

Defn: The exercise of the imagination in selecting and treating a
theme, or more commonly in contriving the arrangement of a piece, or
the method of presenting its parts. Invention of the cross (Eccl.), a
festival celebrated May 3d, in honor of the finding of our Savior's
cross by St. Helena.

INVENTIOUS
In*ven"tious, a.

Defn: Inventive. [Obs.]

INVENTIVE
In*vent"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. inventif.]

Defn: Able and apt to invent; quick at contrivance; ready at
expedients; as, an inventive head or genius. Dryden.
 -- In*vent"ive*ly, adv.
 -- In*vent"ive*ness, n.

INVENTOR
In*vent"or, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. inventeur.]

Defn: One who invents or finds out something new; a contriver;
especially, one who invents mechanical devices.

INVENTORIAL
In`ven*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an inventory.
 -- In`ven*to"ri*al*ly, adv. Shak.

INVENTORY
In"ven*to*ry, n.; pl. Inventories. Etym: [L. inventarium: cf. LL.
inventorium, F. inventaire, OF. also inventoire. See Invent.]

Defn: An account, catalogue, or schedule, made by an executor or
administrator, of all the goods and chattels, and sometimes of the
real estate, of a deceased person; a list of the property of which a
person or estate is found to be possessed; hence, an itemized list of
goods or valuables, with their estimated worth; specifically, the
annual account of stock taken in any business.
There take an inventory of all I have. Shak.

Syn.
 -- List; register; schedule; catalogue. See List.

INVENTORY
In"ven*to*ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inventoried; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inventorying.] Etym: [Cf. F. inventorier.]

Defn: To make an inventory of; to make a list, catalogue, or schedule
of; to insert or register in an account of goods; as, a merchant
inventories his stock.
I will give out divers schedules of my beauty; it shall be
inventoried, and every particle and utensil labeled. Shak.

INVENTRESS
In*vent"ress, n. Etym: [Cf. L. inventrix, F. inventrice.]

Defn: A woman who invents. Dryden.

INVERACITY
In`ve*rac"i*ty, n.

Defn: Want of veracity.

INVERISIMILITUDE
In*ver`i*si*mil"i*tude, n.

Defn: Want of verisimilitude or likelihood; improbability.

INVERNESS; INVERNESS CAPE
In`ver*ness", n., or In`ver*ness" cape".

Defn: A kind of full sleeveless cape, fitting closely about the neck.

Robert's wind-blown head and tall form wrapped in an Inverness cape.
Mrs. Humphry Ward.

INVERSE
In*verse", a. Etym: [L. inversus, p. p. of invertere: cf. F. inverse.
See Invert.]

1. Opposite in order, relation, or effect; reversed; inverted;
reciprocal; -- opposed to direct.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Inverted; having a position or mode of attachment the reverse
of that which is usual.

3. (Math.)

Defn: Opposite in nature and effect; -- said with reference to any
two operations, which, when both are performed in succession upon any
quantity, reproduce that quantity; as, multiplication is the inverse
operation to division. The symbol of an inverse operation is the
symbol of the direct operation with -1 as an index. Thus sin-1 x
means the arc whose sine is x. Inverse figures (Geom.), two figures,
such that each point of either figure is inverse to a corresponding
point in the order figure.
 -- Inverse points (Geom.), two points lying on a line drawn from the
center of a fixed circle or sphere, and so related that the product
of their distances from the center of the circle or sphere is equal
to the square of the radius.
 -- Inverse, or Reciprocal, ratio (Math.), the ratio of the
reciprocals of two quantities.
 -- Inverse, or Reciprocal, proportion, an equality between a direct
ratio and a reciprocal ratio; thus, 4 : 2 : : , or 4 : 2 : : 3 : 6,
inversely.

INVERSE
In"verse, n.

Defn: That which is inverse.
Thus the course of human study is the inverse of the course of things
in nature. Tatham.

INVERSELY
In*verse"ly, adv.

Defn: In an inverse order or manner; by inversion; -- opposed to
directly. Inversely proportional. See Directly proportional, under
Directly, and Inversion, 4.

INVERSION
In*ver"sion, n. Etym: [L. inversio: cf. F. inversion. See Invert.]

1. The act of inverting, or turning over or backward, or the state of
being inverted.

2. A change by inverted order; a reversed position or arrangement of
things; transposition.
It is just the inversion of an act of Parliament; your lordship first
signed it, and then it was passed among the Lords and Commons.
Dryden.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A movement in tactics by which the order of companies in line
is inverted, the right being on the left, the left on the right, and
so on.

4. (Math.)

Defn: A change in the order of the terms of a proportion, so that the
second takes the place of the first, and the fourth of the third.

5. (Geom.)

Defn: A peculiar method of transformation, in which a figure is
replaced by its inverse figure. Propositions that are true for the
original figure thus furnish new propositions that are true in the
inverse figure. See Inverse figures, under Inverse.

6. (Gram.)

Defn: A change of the usual order of words or phrases; as, "of all
vices, impurity is one of the most detestable," instead of, "impurity
is one of the most detestable of all vices."

7. (Rhet.)

Defn: A method of reasoning in which the orator shows that arguments
advanced by his adversary in opposition to him are really favorable
to his cause.

8. (Mus.)
(a) Said of intervals, when the lower tone is placed an octave
higher, so that fifths become fourths, thirds sixths, etc.
(b) Said of a chord, when one of its notes, other than its root, is
made the bass.
(c) Said of a subject, or phrase, when the intervals of which it
consists are repeated in the contrary direction, rising instead of
falling, or vice versa.
(d) Said of double counterpoint, when an upper and a lower part
change places.

9. (Geol.)

Defn: The folding back of strata upon themselves, as by upheaval, in
such a manner that the order of succession appears to be reversed.

10. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process by which cane sugar (sucrose), under the
action of heat and acids or ferments (as diastase), is broken or
split up into grape sugar (dextrose), and fruit sugar (levulose);
also, less properly, the process by which starch is converted into
grape sugar (dextrose).

Note: The terms invert and inversion, in this sense, owe their
meaning to the fact that the plane of polarization of light, which is
rotated to the right by cane sugar, is turned toward the left by
levulose.

INVERT
In*vert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Inverting.]
Etym: [L. invertere, inversum; pref. in- in + vertere to turn. See
Verse.]

1. To turn over; to put upside down; to upset; to place in a contrary
order or direction; to reverse; as, to invert a cup, the order of
words, rules of justice, etc.
That doth invert the attest of eyes and ears, As if these organs had
deceptious functions. Shak.
Such reasoning falls like an inverted cone, Wanting its proper base
to stand upon. Cowper.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: To change the position of; -- said of tones which form a chord,
or parts which compose harmony.

3. To divert; to convert to a wrong use. [Obs.] Knolles.

4. (Chem.)

Defn: To convert; to reverse; to decompose by, or subject to,
inversion. See Inversion, n., 10.

INVERT
In*vert", v. i. (Chem.)

Defn: To undergo inversion, as sugar.

INVERT
In"vert, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Subjected to the process of inversion; inverted; converted; as,
invert sugar. Invert sugar (Chem.), a variety of sugar, consisting of
a mixture of dextrose and levulose, found naturally in fruits, and
produced artificially by the inversion of cane sugar (sucrose); also,
less properly, the grape sugar or dextrose obtained from starch. See
Inversion, Dextrose, Levulose, and Sugar.

INVERT
In"vert, n. (Masonry)

Defn: An inverted arch.

INVERTASE
In*vert"ase, n. (Chem.)
 (a) An enzyme capable of effecting the inversion of cane suger,
producing invert sugar. It is found in many plants and in the
intestines of animals.
 (b) By extension, any enzyme which splits cane sugar, milk sugar,
lactose, etc., into monosaccharides.

INVERTEBRAL
In*ver"te*bral, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Invertebrate.

INVERTEBRATA
In*ver`te*bra"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. in- not + vertebratus
vertebrate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A comprehensive division of the animal kingdom, including all
except the Vertebrata.

INVERTEBRATE
In*ver"te*brate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Destitute of a backbone; having no vertebræ; of or pertaining
to the Invertebrata.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Invertebrata. Age of invertebrates. See Age, and
Silurian.

INVERTEBRATED
In*ver"te*bra`ted, a.

Defn: Having no backbone; invertebrate.

INVERTED
In*vert"ed, a.

1. Changed to a contrary or counterchanged order; reversed;
characterized by inversion.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Situated apparently in reverse order, as strata when folded
back upon themselves by upheaval. Inverted arch (Arch.), an arch
placed with crown downward; -- much used in foundations.

INVERTEDLY
In*vert"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inverted order. Derham.

INVERTIBLE
In*vert"i*ble, a. Etym: [From Invert.]

1. Capable of being inverted or turned.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Capable of being changed or converted; as, invertible sugar.

INVERTIBLE
In*vert"i*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + L. vertere to turn + -ible.]

Defn: Incapable of being turned or changed.
An indurate and invertible conscience. Cranmer.

INVERTIN
In*vert"in, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An unorganized ferment which causes cane sugar to take up a
molecule of water and be converted into invert sugar.

INVEST
In*vest", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invested; p. pr. & vb. n. Investing.]
Etym: [L. investire, investitum; pref. in- in + vestire to clothe,
fr. vestis clothing: cf. F. investir. See Vest.]

1. To put garments on; to clothe; to dress; to array; -- opposed to
divest. Usually followed by with, sometimes by in; as, to invest one
with a robe.

2. To put on. [Obs.]
Can not find one this girdle to invest. Spenser.

3. To clothe, as with office or authority; to place in possession of
rank, dignity, or estate; to endow; to adorn; to grace; to bedeck;
as, to invest with honor or glory; to invest with an estate.
I do invest you jointly with my power. Shak.

4. To surround, accompany, or attend.
Awe such as must always invest the spectacle of the guilt. Hawthorne.

5. To confer; to give. [R.]
It investeth a right of government. Bacon.

6. (Mil.)

Defn: To inclose; to surround of hem in with troops, so as to
intercept succors of men and provisions and prevent escape; to lay
siege to; as, to invest a town.

7. To lay out (money or capital) in business with the as, to invest
money in bank stock.

INVEST
In*vest", v. i.

Defn: To make an investment; as, to invest in stocks; -- usually
followed by in.

INVESTIENT
In*vest"ient, a. Etym: [L. investiens, p. pr. of investire.]

Defn: Covering; clothing. [R.] Woodward.

INVESTIGABLE
In*ves"ti*ga*ble, a. Etym: [L. investigabilis. See Investigate.]

Defn: Capable or susceptible of being investigated; admitting
research. Hooker.

INVESTIGABLE
In*ves"ti*ga*ble, a. Etym: [L. investigabilis. See In- not, and
Vestigate.]

Defn: Unsearchable; inscrutable. [Obs.]
So unsearchable the judgment and so investigable the ways thereof.
Bale.

INVESTIGATE
In*ves"ti*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Investigated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Investigating.] Etym: [L. investigatus, p. p. of investigare to
investigate; pref. in- in + vestigare to track, trace. See Vestige.]

Defn: To follow up step by step by patient inquiry or observation; to
trace or track mentally; to search into; to inquire and examine into
with care and accuracy; to find out by careful inquisition; as, to
investigate the causes of natural phenomena.

INVESTIGATE
In*ves"ti*gate, v. i.

Defn: To pursue a course of investigation and study; to make
investigation.

INVESTIGATION
In*ves`ti*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. investigatio: cf. F. investigation.]

Defn: The act of investigating; the process of inquiring into or
following up; research; study; inquiry, esp. patient or thorough
inquiry or examination; as, the investigations of the philosopher and
the mathematician; the investigations of the judge, the moralist.

INVESTIGATIVE
In*ves"ti*ga*tive, a.

Defn: Given to investigation; inquisitive; curious; searching.

INVESTIGATOR
In*ves"ti*ga`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. investigateur.]

Defn: One who searches diligently into a subject.

INVESTITURE
In*ves"ti*ture, n. Etym: [LL. investitura: cf. F. investiture.]

1. The act or ceremony of investing, or the of being invested, as
with an office; a giving possession; also, the right of so investing.
He had refused to yield up to the pope the investiture of bishops.
Sir W. Raleigh.

2. (Feudal Law)

Defn: Livery of seizin.
The grant of land or a feud was perfected by the ceremony
oinvestiture, or open delivery of possession. Blackstone.

3. That with which anyone is invested or clothed; investment;
clothing; covering.
While we yet have on Our gross investiture of mortal weeds. Trench.

INVESTIVE
In*vest"ive, a.

Defn: Investing. [R.] Mir. for Mag.

INVESTMENT
In*vest"ment, n.

1. The act of investing, or the state of being invested.

2. That with which anyone is invested; a vestment.
Whose white investments figure innocence. Shak.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: The act of surrounding, blocking up, or besieging by an armed
force, or the state of being so surrounded.
The capitulation was signed by the commander of the fort within six
days after its investments. Marshall.

4. The laying out of money in the purchase of some species of
property; the amount of money invested, or that in which money is
invested.
Before the investment could be made, a change of the market might
render it ineligible. A. Hamilton.
An investment in ink, paper, and steel pens. Hawthorne.

INVESTOR
In*vest"or, n.

Defn: One who invests.

INVESTURE
In*ves"ture, n.

Defn: Investiture; investment. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

INVESTURE
In*ves"ture, v. t.

Defn: To clothe; to invest; to install. [Obs.] "Monks . . .
investured in their copes." Fuller.

INVETERACY
In*vet"er*a*cy, n. Etym: [From Inveterate.]

1. Firm establishment by long continuance; firmness or deep-rooted
obstinacy of any quality or state acquired by time; as, the
inveteracy of custom, habit, or disease; -- usually in a bad sense;
as, the inveteracy of prejudice or of error.
An inveteracy of evil habits that will prompt him to contract more.
A. Tucker.

2. Malignity; spitefulness; virulency.
The rancor of pamphlets, the inveteracy of epigrams, an the
mortification of lampoons. Guardian.

INVETERATE
In*vet"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. inveteratus, p. p. of inveterare to
render old; pref. in- in + vetus, veteris, old. See Veteran.]

1. Old; long-established. [Obs.]
It is an inveterate and received opinion. Bacon.

2. Firmly established by long continuance; obstinate; deep-rooted; of
long standing; as, an inveterate disease; an inveterate abuse.
Heal the inveterate canker of one wound. Shak.

3. Having habits fixed by long continuance; confirmed; habitual; as,
an inveterate idler or smoker.

4. Malignant; virulent; spiteful. H. Brooke.

INVETERATE
In*vet"er*ate, v. t.

Defn: To fix and settle by long continuance. [Obs.] Bacon.

INVETERATELY
In*vet"er*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inveterate manner or degree. "Inveterately tough."
Hawthorne.

INVETERATENESS
In*vet"er*ate*ness, n.

Defn: Inveteracy. Sir T. Browne.

INVETERATION
In*vet`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. inveteratio.]

Defn: The act of making inveterate. [R.] Bailey.

INVICT
In*vict", a. Etym: [L. invictus. See In- not, and Victor.]

Defn: Invincible. [Obs.] Joye.

INVIDIOUS
In*vid"i*ous, a. Etym: [L. invidiosus, fr. invidia envy. See Envy,
and cf. Envious.]

1. Envious; malignant. [Obs.] Evelyn.

2. Worthy of envy; desirable; enviable. [Obs.]
Such a person appeareth in a far more honorable and invidious state
than any prosperous man. Barrow.

3. Likely to incur or produce ill will, or to provoke envy; hateful;
as, invidious distinctions.
Agamemnon found it an invidious affair to give the preference to any
one of the Grecian heroes. Broome.
-- In*vid"i*ous*ly, adv.
 -- In*vid"i*ous*ness, n.

INVIGILANCE; INVIGILANCY
In*vig"i*lance, In*vig"i*lan*cy, n. Etym: [in- not + vigilance: cf.
OF. invigilance.]

Defn: Want of vigilance; neglect of watching; carelessness.

INVIGOR
In*vig"or, v. t.

Defn: To invigorate. [Obs.]

INVIGORATE
In*vig"or*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invigorated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Invigorating.] Etym: [Pref. in- in + vigor.]

Defn: To give vigor to; to strengthen; to animate; to give life and
energy to.
Christian graces and virtues they can not be, unless fed,
invigorated, and animated by universal charity. Atterbury.

Syn.
 -- To refresh; animate; exhilarate; stimulate.

INVIGORATION
In*vig`or*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of invigorating, or the state of being invigorated.

INVILE
In*vile", v. t.

Defn: To render vile. [Obs.] Daniel.

INVILLAGED
In*vil"laged (; 48), p. a.

Defn: Turned into, or reduced to, a village. [Obs.] W. Browne.

INVINCIBILITY
In*vin`ci*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. invincibilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being invincible; invincibleness.

INVINCIBLE
In*vin"ci*ble, a. Etym: [L. invincibilis: cf. F. invincible. See In-
not, and Vincible.]

Defn: Incapable of being conquered, overcome, or subdued;
unconquerable; insuperable; as, an invincible army, or obstacle.
Lead forth to battle these my sons Invincible. Milton.
-- In*vin"ci*ble*ness, n.
 -- In*vin"ci*bly, adv.

INVIOLABILITY
In*vi`o*la*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. inviolabilitas: cf. F.
inviolabilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being inviolable; inviolableness.

INVIOLABLE
In*vi"o*la*ble, a. Etym: [L. inviolabilis: cf. F. inviolable. See
Inviolate, a.]

1. Not violable; not susceptible of hurt, wound, or harm (used with
respect to either physical or moral damage); not susceptible of being
profaned or corrupted; sacred; holy; as, inviolable honor or
chastity; an inviolable shrine.
He tried a third, a tough, well-chosen spear, The inviolable body
stood sincere. Dryden.

2. Unviolated; uninjured; undefiled; uncorrupted.
For thou, be sure, shalt give account To him who sent us, whose
charge is to keep This place inviolable, and these from harm. Milton.

3. Not capable of being broken or violated; as, an inviolable
covenant, agreement, promise, or vow.
Their almighty Maker first ordained And bound them with inviolable
bands. Spenser.
And keep our faiths firm and inviolable. Shak.

INVIOLABLENESS
In*vi"o*la*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being inviolable; as, the
inviolableness of divine justice.

INVIOLABLY
In*vi"o*la*bly, adv.

Defn: Without violation.

INVIOLACY
In*vi"o*la*cy, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being inviolate; as, the inviolacy of
an oath.

INVIOLATE; INVIOLATED
In*vi"o*late, In*vi"o*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. inviolatus. See In- not,
and Violate.]

1. Not violated; uninjured; unhurt; unbroken.
His fortune of arms was still inviolate. Bacon.

2. Not corrupted, defiled, or profaned; chaste; pure. "Inviolate
truth." Denham.
There chaste Alceste lives inviolate. Spenser.

INVIOLATELY
In*vi"o*late*ly, adv.

Defn: In an inviolate manner.

INVIOLATENESS
In*vi"o*late*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being inviolate.

INVIOUS
In"vi*ous, a. Etym: [L. invius; pref. in- not + via way.]

Defn: Untrodden. [R.] Hudibras.
 -- In"vi*ous*ness, n. [R.]

INVIRILE
In*vi"rile, a.

Defn: Deficient in manhood; unmanly; effeminate. Lowell.

INVIRILITY
In`vi*ril"i*ty, n.

Defn: Absence of virility or manhood; effeminacy. Prynne.

INVISCATE
In*vis"cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inviscated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inviscating.] Etym: [L. inviscatus, p. p. of inviscare to birdlime;
pref. in- in + viscum, viscus, the mistletoe, birdlime.]

Defn: To daub or catch with glue or birdlime; to entangle with
glutinous matter. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

INVISCERATE
In*vis"cer*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inviscerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Inviscerating.] Etym: [L. invisceratus, p. p. of inviscerare to put
into the entrails. See Viscera.]

Defn: To breed; to nourish. [R.] W. Montagu.

INVISCERATE
In*vis"cer*ate, a. Etym: [L. invisceratus, p. p.]

Defn: Deep-seated; internal. [R.] W. Montagu.

INVISIBILITY
In*vis`i*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Invisibilities. Etym: [L. invisibilitas:
cf. F. invisibilité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being invisible; also, that which is
invisible. "Atoms and invisibilities." Landor.

INVISIBLE
In*vis"i*ble, a. Etym: [F. invisible, L. invisibilis. See In- not,
and Visible.]

Defn: Incapable of being seen; not perceptible by vision; not
visible.
To us invisible, or dimly seen In these thy lowest works. Milton.
Invisible bird (Zoöl.), a small, shy singing bird (Myadestes
sibilons), of St. Vincent Islands.
 -- Invisible green, a very dark shade of green, approaching to
black, and liable to be mistaken for it.

INVISIBLE
In*vis"i*ble, n.

1. An invisible person or thing; specifically, God, the Supreme
Being.

2. A Rosicrucian; -- so called because avoiding declaration of his
craft. [Obs.]

3. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of those (as in the 16th century) who denied the visibility
of the church. Shipley.

INVISIBLENESS
In*vis"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being invisible; invisibility.

INVISIBLY
In*vis"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In an invisible manner, Denham.

INVISION
In*vi"sion, n.

Defn: Want of vision or of the power of seeing. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

INVITATION
In`vi*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. invitatio: cf. F. invitation. See
Invite.]

1. The act of inviting; solicitation; the requesting of a person's
company; as, an invitation to a party, to a dinner, or to visit a
friend.

2. A document written or printed, or spoken words,

3. Allurement; enticement. [R.]
She gives the leer of invitation. Shak.

INVITATORY
In*vi"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. invitatorius: cf. F. invitatoire.]

Defn: Using or containing invitations.
The "Venite" [Psalm xcv.], which is also called the invitatory psalm.
Hook.

INVITATORY
In*vi"ta*to*ry, n.; pl. Invitatories. Etym: [LL. invitatorium: cf. F.
invitatoire.]

Defn: That which invites; specifically, the invitatory psalm, or a
part of it used in worship.

INVITE
In*vite", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invited; p. pr. & vb. n. Inviting.]
Etym: [L. invitare: cf. F. inviter. See Vie.]

1. To ask; to request; to bid; to summon; to ask to do some act, or
go to some place; esp., to ask to an entertainment or visit; to
request the company of; as, to invite to dinner, or a wedding, or an
excursion.
So many guests invite as here are writ. Shak.
I invite his Grace of Castle Rackrent to reflect on this. Carlyle.

2. To allure; to draw to; to tempt to come; to induce by pleasure or
hope; to attract.
To inveigle and invite the unwary sense. Milton.
Shady groves, that easy sleep invite. Dryden.
There no delusive hope invites despair. Cowper.

3. To give occasion for; as, to invite criticism.

Syn.
 -- To solicit; bid; call; ask; summon; allure; attract; entice;
persuade.

INVITE
In*vite", v. i.

Defn: To give invitation. Milton.

INVITEMENT
In*vite"ment, n.

Defn: Invitation. [Obs.] Chapman.

INVITER
In*vit"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, invites.

INVITIATE
In*vi"ti*ate, a.

Defn: Not vitiated. Lowell.

INVITING
In*vit"ing, a.

Defn: Alluring; tempting; as, an inviting amusement or prospect.
Nothing is so easy and inviting as the retort of abuse and sarcasm.
W. Irving.
-- In*vit"ing*ly, adv.
 -- In*vit"ing*ness, n. Jer. Taylor.

INVITRIFIABLE
In*vit"ri*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: Not admitting of being vitrified, or converted into glass.
Kirwan.

INVOCATE
In"vo*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invocated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Invocating.] Etym: [L. invocatus, p. p. of invocare. See Invoke.]

Defn: To invoke; to call on, or for, in supplication; to implore.
If Dagon be thy god, Go to his temple, invocate his aid. Milton.

INVOCATION
In`vo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [F. invocation, L. invocatio.]

1. The act or form of calling for the assistance or presence of some
superior being; earnest and solemn entreaty; esp., prayer offered to
a divine being.
Sweet invocation of a child; most pretty and pathetical! Shak.
The whole poem is a prayer to Fortune, and the invocation is divided
between the two deities. Addison.

2. (Law)

Defn: A call or summons; especially, a judicial call, demand, or
order; as, the invocation of papers or evidence into court.

INVOCATORY
In"vo*ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Making or containing invocation; invoking.

INVOICE
In"voice`, n. Etym: [F. envois things sent, goods forwarded, pl. of
envoi a sending or things sent, fr. envoyer to send; cf. F. lettre
d'envoi letter of advice of goods forwarded. See Envoy.]

1. (Com.)

Defn: A written account of the particulars of merchandise shipped or
sent to a purchaser, consignee, factor, etc., with the value or
prices and charges annexed. Wharton.

2. The lot or set of goods as shipped or received; as, the merchant
receives a large invoice of goods.

INVOICE
In"voice`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invoiced; p. pr. & vb. n. Invoicing.]

Defn: To make a written list or account of, as goods to be sent to a
consignee; to insert in a priced list; to write or enter in an
invoice.
Goods, wares, and merchandise imported from Norway, and invoiced in
the current dollar of Norway. Madison.

INVOKE
In*voke", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invoked; p. pr. & vb. n. Invoking.]
Etym: [F. invoquer, L. invocare; pref. in- in, on + vocare to call,
fr. vox voice. See Voice, and cf. Invocate.]

Defn: To call on for aid or protection; to invite earnestly or
solemnly; to summon; to address in prayer; to solicit or demand by
invocation; to implore; as, to invoke the Supreme Being, or to invoke
His and blessing.
Go, my dread lord, to your great grandsire's tomb, . . . Invoke his
warlike spirit. Shak.

INVOLUCEL
In*vol"u*cel, n. Etym: [Dim. of involucre, or involucrum: cf. F.
involucelle.] (Bot.)

Defn: A partial, secondary, or small involucre. See Illust. of
Involucre.

INVOLUCELLATE
In`vo*lu"cel*late, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with involucels.

INVOLUCELLUM
In`vo*lu*cel"lum, n.; pl. Involucella. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Involucel.

INVOLUCRAL
In`vo*lu"cral, a. Etym: [Cf. F. involucral.]

Defn: Pertaining to, possessing, or like, an involucrum.

INVOLUCRATE; INVOLUCRATED
In`vo*lu"crate, In`vo*lu"cra*ted, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having an involucre; involucred.

INVOLUCRE
In"vo*lu`cre, n. Etym: [L. involucrum a covering, wrapper, fr.
involvere to wrap up, envelop: cf. F. involucre. See Involve.] (Bot.)
(a) A whorl or set of bracts around a flower, umbel, or head.
(b) A continuous marginal covering of sporangia, in certain ferns, as
in the common brake, or the cup-shaped processes of the filmy ferns.
(c) The peridium or volva of certain fungi. Called also involucrum.

INVOLUCRED
In"vo*lu`cred, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having an involucre, as umbels, heads, etc. Martyn.

INVOLUCRET
In`vo*lu"cret, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An involucel.

INVOLUCRUM
In`vo*lu"crum, n.; pl. L. Involucra, E. Involucrums. Etym: [L. See
Involucre.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: See Involucre.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sheath which surrounds the base of the lasso cells in the
Siphonophora.

INVOLUNTARILY
In*vol"un*ta*ri*ly, adv. Etym: [From Involuntary.]

Defn: In an involuntary manner; not voluntarily; not intentionally or
willingly.

INVOLUNTARINESS
In*vol"un*ta*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being involuntary; unwillingness;
automatism.

INVOLUNTARY
In*vol"un*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. involuntarius. See In- not, and
Voluntary.]

1. Not having will of the power of choice.

2. Not under the influence or control of the will; not voluntary; as,
the involuntary movements of the body; involuntary muscle fibers.

3. Not proceeding from choice; done unwillingly; reluctant;
compulsory; as, involuntary submission.

INVOLUTE; INVOLUTED
In"vo*lute, In"vo*lu`ted, a. Etym: [L. involutus, p. p. of involvere.
See Involve.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Rolled inward from the edges; -- said of leaves in vernation,
or of the petals of flowers in æstivation. Gray.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) Turned inward at the margin, as the exterior lip of the Cyprea.
(b) Rolled inward spirally.

INVOLUTE
In"vo*lute, n. (Geom.)

Defn: A curve traced by the end of a string wound upon another curve,
or unwound from it; -- called also evolvent. See Evolute.

INVOLUTION
In`vo*lu"tion, n. Etym: [L. involutio: cf. F. involution. See
Involve.]

1. The act of involving or infolding.

2. The state of being entangled or involved; complication;
entanglement.
All things are mixed, and causes blended, by mutual involutions.
Glanvill.

3. That in which anything is involved, folded, or wrapped; envelope.
Sir T. Browne.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: The insertion of one or more clauses between the subject and
the verb, in a way that involves or complicates the construction.

5. (Math.)

Defn: The act or process of raising a quantity to any power assigned;
the multiplication of a quantity into itself a given number of times;
-- the reverse of evolution.

6. (Geom.)

Defn: The relation which exists between three or more sets of points,
a.a', b.b', c.c', so related to a point O on the line, that the
product Oa.Oa' = Ob.Ob' = Oc.Oc' is constant. Sets of lines or
surfaces possessing corresponding properties may be in involution.

7. (Med.)

Defn: The return of an enlarged part or organ to its normal size, as
of the uterus after pregnancy.

INVOLVE
In*volve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Involved; p. pr. & vb. n. Involving.]
Etym: [L. involvere, involutum, to roll about, wrap up; pref. in- in
+ volvere to roll: cf. OF. involver. See Voluble, and cf. Involute.]

1. To roll or fold up; to wind round; to entwine.
Some of serpent kind . . . involved Their snaky folds. Milton.

2. To envelop completely; to surround; to cover; to hide; to involve
in darkness or obscurity.
And leave a singèd bottom all involved With stench and smoke. Milton.

3. To complicate or make intricate, as in grammatical structure.
"Involved discourses." Locke.

4. To connect with something as a natural or logical consequence or
effect; to include necessarily; to imply.
He knows His end with mine involved. Milton.
The contrary necessarily involves a contradiction. Tillotson.

5. To take in; to gather in; to mingle confusedly; to blend or merge.
[R.]
The gathering number, as it moves along, Involves a vast involuntary
throng. Pope.
Earth with hell To mingle and involve. Milton.

6. To envelop, infold, entangle, or embarrass; as, to involve a
person in debt or misery.

7. To engage thoroughly; to occupy, employ, or absorb. "Involved in a
deep study." Sir W. Scott.

8. (Math.)

Defn: To raise to any assigned power; to multiply, as a quantity,
into itself a given number of times; as, a quantity involved to the
third or fourth power.

Syn.
 -- To imply; include; implicate; complicate; entangle; embarrass;
overwhelm.
 -- To Involve, Imply. Imply is opposed to express, or set forth;
thus, an implied engagement is one fairly to be understood from the
words used or the circumstances of the case, though not set forth in
form. Involve goes beyond the mere interpretation of things into
their necessary relations; and hence, if one thing involves another,
it so contains it that the two must go together by an indissoluble
connection. War, for example, involves wide spread misery and death;
the premises of a syllogism involve the conclusion.

INVOLVED
In*volved", a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Involute.

INVOLVEDNESS
In*volv"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being involved.

INVOLVEMENT
In*volve"ment, n.

Defn: The act of involving, or the state of being involved. Lew
Wallace.

INVULGAR
In*vul"gar, v. t. Etym: [Pref. in- in + vulgar.]

Defn: To cause to become or appear vulgar. [Obs.] Daniel.

INVULGAR
In*vul"gar, a. Etym: [Pref. in- not + vulgar.]

Defn: Not vulgar; refined; elegant. [Obs.] Drayton.

INVULNERABILITY
In*vul"ner*a*bil`i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. invulnérabilité.]

Defn: Quality or state of being invulnerable.

INVULNERABLE
In*vul"ner*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. invulnerabilis: cf. F. invulnérable.
See In- not, and Vulnerable.]

1. Incapable of being wounded, or of receiving injury.
Neither vainly hope To be invulnerable in those bright arms. Milton.

2. Unanswerable; irrefutable; that can not be refuted or convinced;
as, an invulnerable argument.

INVULNERABLENESS
In*vul"ner*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Invulnerability.

INVULNERATE
In*vul"ner*ate, a. Etym: [L. invulneratus unwounded.]

Defn: Invulnerable.

INWALL
In*wall", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inwalled; p. pr. & vb. n. Inwalling.]

Defn: To inclose or fortify as with a wall. Spenser.

INWALL
In"wall`, n.

Defn: An inner wall; specifically (Metal.), the inner wall, or
lining, of a blast furnace.

INWARD
In"ward, a. Etym: [AS. inweard, inneweard, innanweard, fr. innan,
inne, within (fr. in in; see In) + the suffix -weard, E. -ward.]

1. Being or placed within; inner; interior; -- opposed to outward.
Milton.

2. Seated in the mind, heart, spirit, or soul. "Inward beauty." Shak.

3. Intimate; domestic; private. [Obs.]
All my inward friends abhorred me. Job xix. 19.
He had had occasion, by one very inward with him, to know in part the
discourse of his life. Sir P. Sidney.

INWARD
In"ward, n.

1. That which is inward or within; especially, in the plural, the
inner parts or organs of the body; the viscera. Jer. Taylor.
Then sacrificing, laid the inwards and their fat. Milton.

2. The mental faculties; -- usually pl. [Obs.]

3. An intimate or familiar friend or acquaintance. [Obs.] "I was an
inward of his." Shak.

INWARD; INWARDS
In"ward, In"wards, adv. Etym: [AS. inweard. The ending -s is prop. a
genitive ending. See Inward, a., -wards.]

1. Toward the inside; toward the center or interior; as, to bend a
thing inward.

2. Into, or toward, the mind or thoughts; inwardly; as, to turn the
attention inward.
So much the rather, thou Celestial Light, Shine inward. Milton.

INWARDLY
In"ward*ly, adv. Etym: [AS. inweardlice.]

1. In the inner parts; internally.
Let Benedick, like covered fire, Consume away in sighs, waste
inwardly. Shak.

2. Toward the center; inward; as, to curve inwardly.

3. In the heart or mind; mentally; privately; secretas, he inwardly
repines.

4. Intimately; thoroughly. [Obs.]
I shall desire to know him more inwardly. Beau. & Fl.

INWARDNESS
In"ward*ness, n.

1. Internal or true state; essential nature; as, the inwardness of
conduct.
Sense can not arrive to the inwardness Of things. Dr. H. More.

2. Intimacy; familiarity. [Obs.] Shak.

3. Heartiness; earnestness.
What was wanted was more inwardness, more feeling. M. Arnold.

INWARDS
In"wards, adv.

Defn: See Inward.

INWEAVE
In*weave", v. t.

Defn: To weave in or together; to intermix or intertwine by weaving;
to interlace.
Down they cast Their crowns, inwove with amaranth and gold. Milton.

INWHEEL
In*wheel", v. t.

Defn: To encircle. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

INWIT
In"wit, n.

Defn: Inward sense; mind; understanding; conscience. [Obs.] Wyclif.

INWITH
In*with", prep.

Defn: Within. [Obs.]
This purse hath she inwith her bosom hid. Chaucer.

INWORK
In*work", v. t. & i. Etym: [Pref. in- + work. Cf. Inwrought.]

Defn: To work in or within.

INWORN
In"worn`, p. a.

Defn: Worn, wrought, or stamped in. [R.] Milton.

INWRAP
In*wrap", v. t. Etym: [Written also enwrap.]

1. To cover by wrapping; to involve; to infold; as, to inwrap in a
cloak, in smoke, etc.

2. To involve, as in difficulty or perplexity; to perplex. [R.] Bp.
Hall.

INWREATHE
In*wreathe", v. t.

Defn: To surround or encompass as with a wreath. [Written also
enwreathe.]
Resplendent locks, inwreathed with beams. Milton.

INWROUGHT
In*wrought", p. p. or a. Etym: [Pref. in- + wrought. Cf. Inwork.]

Defn: Wrought or worked in or among other things; worked into any
fabric so as to from a part of its texture; wrought or adorned, as
with figures.
His mantle hairy, and his bonnet sedge, Inwrought with figures dim.
Milton.

IO
I"o, n.; pl. Ios. Etym: [L.; cf. Gr. "iw`.]

Defn: An exclamation of joy or triumph; -- often interjectional.

IOD-
I"od-. (Chem.)

Defn: See Iodo-.

IODAL
I"o*dal, n. Etym: [Iod- + alcohol.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oily liquid, Cl3.CHO, analogous to chloral and bromal.

IODATE
I"o*date, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of iodic acid.

IODHYDRIN
I`od*hy"drin, n. Etym: [Iod- + chlorhydrin.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of compounds containing iodine, and analogous
to the chlorhydrins.

IODIC
I*od"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. iodique. See Iodine.] (Chem.)

Defn: to, or containing, iodine; specif., denoting those compounds in
which it has a relatively high valence; as, iodic acid. Iodic acid, a
monobasic acid, consisting of iodine with three parts of oxygen and
one of hydrogen.

IODIDE
I"o*dide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of iodine, or one which may be regarded as
binary; as, potassium iodide.

IODINE
I"o*dine (; 104), n. Etym: [Gr. iode, iodine. The name was given from
the violet color of its vapor. See Violet, Idyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nonmetallic element, of the halogen group, occurring always
in combination, as in the iodides. When isolated it is in the form of
dark gray metallic scales, resembling plumbago, soft but brittle, and
emitting a chlorinelike odor. Symbol I. Atomic weight 126.5. If
heated, iodine volatilizes in beautiful violet vapors.

Note: Iodine was formerly obtained from the ashes of seaweed (kelp or
varec), but is now also extracted from certain natural brines. In the
free state, iodine, even in very minute quantities, colors starch
blue. Iodine and its compounds are largely used in medicine (as in
liniments, antisyphilitics, etc.), in photography, in the preparation
of aniline dyes, and as an indicator in titration. Iodine green, an
artificial green dyestuff, consisting of an iodine derivative of
rosaniline; -- called also night green.
 -- Iodine scarlet, a pigment of an intense scarlet color, consisting
of mercuric iodide.
 -- Iodine yellow, a brilliant yellow pigment, consisting of plumbic
iodide.

IODISM
I"o*dism, n. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid state produced by the use of iodine and its compounds,
and characterized by palpitation, depression, and general emaciation,
with a pustular eruption upon the skin.

IODIZE
I"o*dize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Iodized; p. pr. & vb. n. Iodizing.]

Defn: To treat or impregnate with iodine or its compounds; as, to
iodize a plate for photography. R. Hunt.

IODIZER
I"o*di`zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, iodizes.

IODO-; IOD-
I"o*do-, I"od-. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix, or combining from, indicating iodine as an
ingredient; as, iodoform.

IODOCRESOL
I`o*do*cre"sol, n.  [Iodo- + cresol.] (Org. Chem.)

Defn: Any of several isomeric iodine derivatives of the cresols,
C6H3I(CH3)OH, esp. one, an odorless amorphous powder, used in
medicine as a substitute for iodoform.

IODOFORM
I*od"o*form, n. Etym: [Iodo- + formyl. See Formyl, and cf.
Chloroform.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow, crystalline, volatile substance, CI3H, having an
offensive odor and sweetish taste, and analogous to chloroform. It is
used in medicine as a healing and antiseptic dressing for wounds and
sores.

IODOFORMOGEN
I`o*do*for"mo*gen, n. [Iodoform + -gen root of gi`gnesqai to be
born.] (Pharm.)

Defn: A light powder used as a substitute for iodoform. It is a
compound of iodoform and albumin.

IODOL
I"o*dol, n.  [Iodo- + pyrrol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A crystallized substance of the composition C4I4NH, technically
tetra-iodo-pyrrol, used like iodoform.

IODOQUININE
I`o*do*qui"nine, n. Etym: [Iodo- + quinine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A iodide of quinine obtained as a brown substance,. It is the
base of herapathite. See Herapathite.

IODOTHYRIN
I`o*do*thy"rin, n.  [Iodo- + thyro- + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A peculiar substance obtained from the thyroid gland,
containing from nine to ten per cent of iodine.

 It is a very stable compound, and is believed to be active principle
in thyroid extracts and in the internal secretion of the thyroid
gland. It was originally called thyroiodin.

IODOUS
I"o*dous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, iodine. See -ous (chemical
suffix). Iodous acid, a hypothetical acid, analogous to chlorous
acid.

IODURET
I*od"u*ret, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Iodide. [Obs.]

IODYRITE
I*od"y*rite, n. Etym: [From Iodine.] (Min.)

Defn: Silver iodide, a mineral of a yellowish color.

IOLITE
I"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A silicate of alumina, iron, and magnesia, having a bright blue
color and vitreous luster; cordierite. It is remarkable for its
dichroism, and is also called dichroite.

IO MOTH
I"o moth`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large and handsome American moth (Hyperchiria Io), having a
large, bright-colored spot on each hind wing, resembling the spots on
the tail of a peacock. The larva is covered with prickly hairs, which
sting like nettles.

-ION
-ion. Etym: [L. -io, acc. -ionem: cf. F. -ion.]

Defn: A noun suffix denoting act, process, result of an act or a
process, thing acted upon, state, or condition; as, revolution, the
act or process of revolving; construction, the act or process of
constructing; a thing constructed; dominion, territory ruled over;
subjection, state of being subject; dejection; abstraction.

ION
I"on, n. Etym: [Gr. (Elec. Chem.)

Defn: One of the elements which appear at the respective poles when a
body is subjected to electro-chemical decomposition. Cf. Anion,
Cation.

IONIAN
I*o"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Ionius. See Ionic.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Ionia or the Ionians; Ionic.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or citizen of Ionia.

IONIC
I*on"ic, a. Etym: [L. Ionicus, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to Ionia or the Ionians.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Ionic order of architecture, one of the three
orders invented by the Greeks, and one of the five recognized by the
Italian writers of the sixteenth century. Its distinguishing feature
is a capital with spiral volutes. See Illust. of Capital. Ionic
dialect (Gr. Gram.), a dialect of the Greek language, used in Ionia.
The Homeric poems are written in what is designated old Ionic, as
distinguished from new Ionic, or Attic, the dialect of all cultivated
Greeks in the period of Athenian prosperity and glory.
 -- Ionic foot. (Pros.) See Ionic, n., 1.
 -- Ionic, or Ionian, mode (Mus.), an ancient mode, supposed to
correspond with the modern major scale of C.
 -- Ionic sect, a sect of philosophers founded by Thales of Miletus,
in Ionia. Their distinguishing tenet was, that water is the original
principle of all things.
 -- Ionic type, a kind of heavy-faced type (as that of the following
line).

Note: This is Nonpareil Ionic.

IONIC
Ionic a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an ion; composed of ions.

IONIC
I*on"ic, n.

1. (Pros.)
(a) A foot consisting of four syllables: either two long and two
short, -- that is, a spondee and a pyrrhic, in which case it is
called the greater Ionic; or two short and two long, -- that is, a
pyrrhic and a spondee, in which case it is called the smaller Ionic.
(b) A verse or meter composed or consisting of Ionic feet.

2. The Ionic dialect; as, the Homeric Ionic.

3. (Print.)

Defn: Ionic type.

IONIDIUM
I`o*nid"i*um, n. Etym: [NL. Cf. Iodine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of violaceous plants, chiefly found in tropical
America, some species of which are used as substitutes for
ipecacuanha.

IONIZE
I"on*ize, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Ionized; p. pr. & vb. n. Ionizing.]
(Elec. Chem.)

Defn: To separate (a compound) into ions, esp. by dissolving in
water. --I`on*i*za"tion (#), n.

IOQUA SHELL
I"o*qua shell`. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The shell of a large Dentalium (D. pretiosum), formerly used as
shell money, and for ornaments, by the Indians of the west coast of
North America.

IOTA
I*o"ta, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Jot.]

1. The ninth letter of the Greek alphabet (i) corresponding with the
English i.

2. A very small quantity or degree; a jot; a particle.
They never depart an iota from the authentic formulas of tyranny and
usurpation. Burke.
Iota subscript (Gr. Gram.), iota written beneath a preceding vowel,
as a,, h,, w,, -- done when iota is silent.

IOTACISM
I*o"ta*cism, n. Etym: [Gr. iotacisme. See Iota.]

Defn: The frequent use of the sound of iota (that of English e in
be), as among the modern Greeks; also, confusion from sounding
Littré.

I O U
I O U. Etym: [i. e., I owe you.]

Defn: A paper having on it these letters, with a sum named, and duly
signed; -- in use in England as an acknowledgment of a debt, and
taken as evidence thereof, but not amounting to a promissory note; a
due bill. Wharton. Story.

IOWAS
I"o*was, n. pl.

Defn: ; sing. Iowa. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians which formerly
occupied the region now included in the State of Iowa.

IPECAC
Ip"e*cac, n.

Defn: An abbreviation of Ipecacuanha, and in more frequent use.

IPECACUANHA
Ip`e*cac`u*an"ha, n. Etym: [Pg. ipecacuanha (cf. Sp. ipecacuana); fr.
Braz. ipe-kaa-guena, prop., a creeping plant that causes vomiting.]
(Med. & Bot.)

Defn: The root of a Brazilian rubiaceous herb (Cephaëlis
Ipecacuanha), largely employed as an emetic; also, the plant itself;
also, a medicinal extract of the root. Many other plants are used as
a substitutes; among them are the black or Peruvian ipecac
(Psychotria emetica), the white ipecac (Ionidium Ipecacuanha), the
bastard or wild ipecac (Asclepias Curassavica), and the undulated
ipecac (Richardsonia scabra).

IPOCRAS
Ip"o*cras, n.

Defn: Hippocras. [Obs.] Chaucer.

IPOMOEA
Ip`o*moe"a, n. Etym: [NL. "Named, according to Linnæus, from Gr.
'i`ps, 'ipo`s, a bindweed [which it is not]

Defn: , and Gray.] (Bot.) A genus of twining plants with showy
monopetalous flowers, including the morning-glory, the sweet potato,
and the cypress vine.

IPOMOEIC
Ip`o*moe"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the
oxidation of convolvulin (obtained from jalap, the tubers of Ipomoea
purga), and identical in most of its properties with sebacic acid.

IR-
Ir-

Defn: . A form of the prefix in-. See In-.

IRACUND
I"ra*cund, a. Etym: [L. iracundus, fr. ira anger.]

Defn: Irascible; choleric. "Iracund people." Carlyle.

IRADE
I*ra"de (e*rä"day), n. Etym: [Turk.]

Defn: A decree of the Sultan.

IRAN
I`ran" (e`rän"), n. Etym: [Mod. Persian Iran. Cf. Aryan.]

Defn: The native name of Persia.

IRANIAN
I*ra"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Iran.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Iran; also, the Iranian or Persian language, a
division of the Aryan family of languages.

IRANIC
I*ran"ic, a.

Defn: Iranian.

IRASCIBILITY
I*ras`ci*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. irascibilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being irascible; irritability of
temper; irascibleness.

IRASCIBLE
I*ras"ci*ble, a. Etym: [L. irascibilis, fr. irasci to be angry, ira
anger: cf. F. irascible. See Ire.]

Defn: Prone to anger; easily provoked or inflamed to anger; choleric;
irritable; as, an irascible man; an irascible temper or mood.
 -- I*ras"ci*ble*ness, n.
 -- I*ras"ci*bly, adv.

IRATE
I*rate", a. Etym: [L. iratus, fr. irasci to be angry. See Ire.]

Defn: Angry; incensed; enraged. [Recent]
The irate colonel . . . stood speechless. Thackeray.
Mr. Jaggers suddenly became most irate. Dickens.

IRE
Ire, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. ira.]

Defn: Anger; wrath. [Poet.]

Syn.
 -- Anger; passion; rage; fury. See Anger.

IREFUL
Ire"ful, a.

Defn: Full of ire; angry; wroth. "The ireful bastard Orleans." Shak.
 -- Ire"ful*ly, adv.

IREFULNESS
Ire"ful*ness, n.

Defn: Wrathfulness. Wyclif.

IRENARCH
I"re*narch, n. Etym: [L. irenarcha, irenarches, Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: An officer in the Greek empire having functions corresponding
to those of a justice of the peace. [Written also eirenarch.]

IRENIC; IRENICAL
I*ren"ic, I*ren"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Fitted or designed to promote peace; pacific; conciliatory;
peaceful. Bp. Hall.

IRENICON
I*ren"i*con, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

Defn: A proposition or device for securing peace, especially in the
church. South.

IRENICS
I*ren"ics, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: That branch of Christian science which treats of the methods of
securing unity among Christians or harmony and union among the
churches; -- called also Irenical theology. Schaff-Herzog.

IRESTONE
Ire"stone`, n. (Mining)

Defn: Any very hard rock.

IRIAN
I"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the iris. "Irian nerves." Dunglison.

IRICISM
I"ri*cism, n.

Defn: Irishism. [R.] Jeffrey.

IRIDACEOUS; IRIDEOUS
Ir`i*da"ceous, I*rid"e*ous, a. Etym: [From NL. Iris, Iridis, the
Iris.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a large natural order of
endogenous plants (Iridaceæ), which includes the genera Iris, Ixia,
Crocus, Gladiolus, and many others.

IRIDAL
I"ri*dal, a. Etym: [L. iris, iridis, rainbow. See Iris.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the iris or rainbow; prismatic; as, the
iridal colors. Whewell.

IRIDECTOMY
Ir`i*dec"to*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The act or process of cutting out a portion of the iris in
order to form an artificial pupil.

IRIDESCENCE
Ir`i*des"cence, n. Etym: [See Iridescent.]

Defn: Exhibition of colors like those of the rainbow; the quality or
state of being iridescent; a prismatic play of color; as, the
iridescence of mother-of-pearl.

IRIDESCENT
Ir`i*des"cent, a. Etym: [L. iris, iridis, the rainbow: cf. F.
iridescent.]

Defn: Having colors like the rainbow; exhibiting a play of changeable
colors; nacreous; prismatic; as, iridescent glass.

IRIDIAN
I*rid"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the iris or rainbow.

IRIDIATED
I*rid"i*a`ted, a.

Defn: Iridescent.

IRIDIC
I*rid"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the iris of the eye.

IRIDIC
I*rid"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to iridium; -- said specifically of those
compounds in which iridium has a relatively high valence.

IRIDIOSCOPE
I*rid"i*o*scope, n. Etym: [See Iris, and -scope.]

Defn: A kind of ophthalmoscope.

IRIDIOUS
I*rid"i*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to iridium; -- applied specifically to
compounds in which iridium has a low valence.

IRIDIUM
I*rid"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. iris, iridis, the rainbow. So
called from the iridescence of some of its solutions. See Iris.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element, of the same group as platinum, which
it much resembles, being silver-white, but harder, and brittle, and
indifferent to most corrosive agents. With the exception of osmium,
it is the heaviest substance known, its specific gravity being 22.4.
Symbol Ir. Atomic weight 192.5.

Note: Iridium usually occurs as a native alloy with osmium
(iridosmine or osmiridium), which may occur alone or with platinum.
Iridium, as an alloy with platinum, is used in bushing the vents of
heavy ordnance. It is also used for the points of gold pens, and in a
finely powdered condition (iridium black), for painting porcelain
black.

IRIDIZE
Ir"i*dize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Iridized; p. pr. & vb. n. Iridizing.]

1. To point or tip with iridium, as a gold pen.

2. To make iridescent; as, to iridize glass.

IRIDOLINE
I*rid"o*line, n. Etym: [Iridescent + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous base C10H9N, extracted from coal-tar naphtha, as
an oily liquid. It is a member of the quinoline series, and is
probably identical with lepidine.

IRIDOSMINE; IRIDOSMIUM
Ir`i*dos"mine, Ir`i*dos"mi*um, n. Etym: [Iridium + osmium.] (Min.)

Defn: The native compound of iridium and osmium. It is found in
flattened metallic grains of extreme hardness, and is often used for
pointing gold pens.

IRIS
I"ris, n.; pl. E. Irises, L. Irides. Etym: [L. iris, iridis, the
goddess, Gr. Orris.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The goddess of the rainbow, and swift-footed messenger of the
gods. Shak.

2. The rainbow. Sir T. Browne.

3. An appearance resembling the rainbow; a prismatic play of colors.
Tennyson.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: The contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, and forming
the colored portion of the eye. See Eye.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants having showy flowers and bulbous or tuberous
roots, of which the flower-de-luce (fleur-de-lis), orris, and other
species of flag are examples. See Illust. of Flower-de-luce.

6. (Her.)

Defn: See Fleur-de-lis, 2.

IRISATED
I"ris*a`ted, a. Etym: [See Iris.]

Defn: Exhibiting the prismatic colors; irised; iridescent. W.
Phillips.

IRISCOPE
I"ri*scope, n. Etym: [Iris + -scope.]

Defn: A philosophical toy for exhibiting the prismatic tints by means
of thin films.

IRIS DIAPHRAGM
I"ris di"a*phragm.

Defn: An adjustable diaphragm, suggesting the iris of the eye in its
action, for regulating the aperture of a lens, consisting of a number
of thin pieces fastened to a ring. It is used in cameras and
microscopes.

IRISED
I"rised, a. Etym: [See Iris.]

Defn: Having colors like those of the rainbow; iridescent. Holmes.

IRISH
I"rish, a. Etym: [AS. , fr. the Irish. Cf. Aryan, Erse.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Ireland or to its inhabitants; produced in
Ireland. Irish elk. (Zoöl.) See under Elk.
 -- Irish moss. (a) (Bot.) Carrageen. (b) A preparation of the same
made into a blanc mange.
 -- Irish poplin. See Poplin.
 -- Irish potato, the ordinary white potato, so called because it is
a favorite article of food in Ireland.
 -- Irish reef, or Irishman's reef (Naut.), the head of a sail tied
up.
 -- Irish stew, meat, potatoes, and onions, cut in small pieces and
stewed.

IRISH
I*rish", n. sing. & pl.

1. pl.

Defn: The natives or inhabitants of Ireland, esp. the Celtic natives
or their descendants.

2. The language of the Irish; the Hiberno-Celtic.

3. An old game resembling backgammon.

IRISH AMERICAN
I"rish A*mer"i*can.

Defn: A native of Ireland who has become an American citizen; also, a
child or descendant of such a person.

IRISHISM
I*rish"*ism, n.

Defn: A mode of speaking peculiar to the Irish; an Hibernicism.

IRISHMAN
I"rish*man, n.; pl. Irishmen (.

Defn: A man born in Ireland or of the Irish race; an Hibernian.
Irishman's hurricane (Naut.), a dead calm.
 -- Irishman's reef. (Naut.) See Irish reef, under Irish, a.

IRISHRY
I"rish*ry, n.

Defn: The Celtic people of Ireland. "The whole Irishry of rebels."
Milton.

IRITIS
I*ri"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Iris, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammation of the iris of the eye.

IRK
Irk, v. t. Etym: [OE. irken to tire, become tired; cf. Sw. yrka to
urge, enforce, press, or G. ekel disgust, MHG. erklich disgusting;
perh. akin to L. urgere to urge, E. urge.]

Defn: To weary; to give pain; to annoy; -- used only impersonally at
present.
To see this sight, it irks my very soul. Shak.
It irketh him to be here. M. Arnold.

IRKSOME
Irk"some, a.

1. Wearisome; tedious; disagreeable or troublesome by reason of long
continuance or repetition; as, irksome hours; irksome tasks.
For not to irksome toil, but to delight, He made us. Milton.

2. Weary; vexed; uneasy. [Obs.]
Let us therefore learn not to be irksome when God layeth his cross
upon us. Latimer.

Syn.
 -- Wearisome; tedious; tiresome; vexatious; burdensome.
 -- Irksome, Wearisome, Tedious. These epithets describe things which
give pain or disgust. Irksome is applied to something which disgusts
by its nature or quality; as, an irksome task. Wearisome denotes that
which wearies or wears us out by severe labor; as, wearisome
employment. Tedious is applied to something which tires us out by the
length of time occupied in its performance; as, a tedious speech.
Wearisome nights are appointed to me. Job vii. 3.
Pity only on fresh objects stays, But with the tedious sight of woes
decays. Dryden.
-- Irk"some*ly, adv.
 -- Irk"some*ness, n.

IRON
I"ron, n. Etym: [OE. iren, AS. iren, isen, isern; akin to D. ijzer,
OS. isarn, OHG. isarn, isan, G. eisen, Icel. isarn, jarn, Sw. & Dan.
jern, and perh. to E. ice; cf. Ir. iarann, W. haiarn, Armor. houarn.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: The most common and most useful metallic element, being of
almost universal occurrence, usually in the form of an oxide (as
hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous oxide (as limonite, turgite,
etc.). It is reduced on an enormous scale in three principal forms;
viz., cast iron, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears dark
brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or an fresh
surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily oxidized (rusted) by
moisture, and is attacked by many corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin
Ferrum). Atomic weight 55.9. Specific gravity, pure iron, 7.86; cast
iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is superior to all other
substances.

Note: The value of iron is largely due to the facility with which it
can be worked. Thus, when heated it is malleable and ductile, and can
be easily welded and forged at a high temperature. As cast iron, it
is easily fusible; as steel, is very tough, and (when tempered) very
hard and elastic. Chemically, iron is grouped with cobalt and nickel.
Steel is a variety of iron containing more carbon than wrought iron,
but less that cast iron. It is made either from wrought iron, by
roasting in a packing of carbon (cementation) or from cast iron, by
burning off the impurities in a Bessemer converter (then called
Bessemer steel), or directly from the iron ore (as in the Siemens
rotatory and generating furnace).

2. An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in composition;
as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc.
My young soldier, put up your iron. Shak.

3. pl.

Defn: Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.
Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons. Macaulay.

4. Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with a rod
of iron. Bar iron. See Wrought iron (below).
 -- Bog iron, bog ore; limonite. See Bog ore, under Bog.
 -- Cast iron (Metal.), an impure variety of iron, containing from
three to six percent of carbon, part of which is united with a part
of the iron, as a carbide, and the rest is uncombined, as graphite.
It there is little free carbon, the product is white iron; if much of
the carbon has separated as graphite, it is called gray iron. See
also Cast iron, in the Vocabulary.
 -- Fire irons. See under Fire, n.
 -- Gray irons. See under Fire, n.
 -- Gray iron. See Cast iron (above).
 -- It irons (Naut.), said of a sailing vessel, when, in tacking, she
comes up head to the wind and will not fill away on either tack.
 -- Magnetic iron. See Magnetite.
 -- Malleable iron (Metal.), iron sufficiently pure or soft to be
capable of extension under the hammer; also, specif., a kind of iron
produced by removing a portion of the carbon or other impurities from
cast iron, rendering it less brittle, and to some extent malleable.
 -- Meteoric iron (Chem.), iron forming a large, and often the chief,
ingredient of meteorites. It invariably contains a small amount of
nickel and cobalt. Cf. Meteorite.
 -- Pig iron, the form in which cast iron is made at the blast
furnace, being run into molds, called pigs.
 -- Reduced iron. See under Reduced.
 -- Specular iron. See Hematite.
 -- Too many irons in the fire, too many objects requiring the
attention at once.
 -- White iron. See Cast iron (above).
 -- Wrought iron (Metal.), the purest form of iron commonly known in
the arts, containing only about half of one per cent of carbon. It is
made either directly from the ore, as in the Catalan forge or
bloomery, or by purifying (puddling) cast iron in a reverberatory
furnace or refinery. It is tough, malleable, and ductile. When formed
into bars, it is called bar iron.

IRON
I"ron, a. Etym: [AS. iren, isen. See Iron, n.]

1. Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust.

2. Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness.

3. Like iron in hardness, strength, impenetrability, power of
endurance, insensibility, etc.; as:
(a) Rude; hard; harsh; severe.
Iron years of wars and dangers. Rowe.
Jove crushed the nations with an iron rod. Pope.

(b) Firm; robust; enduring; as, an iron constitution.
(c) Inflexible; unrelenting; as, an iron will.
(d) Not to be broken; holding or binding fast; tenacious. "Him
death's iron sleep oppressed." Philips.

Note: Iron is often used in composition, denoting made of iron,
relating to iron, of or with iron; producing iron, etc.; resembling
iron, literally or figuratively, in some of its properties or
characteristics; as, iron-shod, iron-sheathed, iron-fisted, iron-
framed, iron-handed, iron-hearted, iron foundry or iron-foundry. Iron
age. (a) (Myth.) The age following the golden, silver, and bronze
ages, and characterized by a general degeneration of talent and
virtue, and of literary excellence. In Roman literature the Iron Age
is commonly regarded as beginning after the taking of Rome by the
Goths, A. D. 410. (b) (Archæol.) That stage in the development of any
people characterized by the use of iron implements in the place of
the more cumbrous stone and bronze.
 -- Iron cement, a cement for joints, composed of cast-iron borings
or filings, sal ammoniac, etc.
 -- Iron clay (Min.), a yellowish clay containing a large proportion
of an ore of iron.
 -- Iron cross, a Prussian order of military merit; also, the
decoration of the order.
 -- Iron crown, a golden crown set with jewels, belonging originally
to the Lombard kings, and indicating the dominion of Italy. It was so
called from containing a circle said to have been forged from one of
the nails in the cross of Christ.
 -- Iron flint (Min.), an opaque, flintlike, ferruginous variety of
quartz.
 -- Iron founder, a maker of iron castings.
 -- Iron foundry, the place where iron castings are made.
 -- Iron furnace, a furnace for reducing iron from the ore, or for
melting iron for castings, etc.; a forge; a reverberatory; a
bloomery.
 -- Iron glance (Min.), hematite.
 -- Iron hat, a headpiece of iron or steel, shaped like a hat with a
broad brim, and used as armor during the Middle Ages.
 -- Iron horse, a locomotive engine. [Colloq.] -- Iron liquor, a
solution of an iron salt, used as a mordant by dyers.
 -- Iron man (Cotton Manuf.), a name for the self-acting spinning
mule.
 -- Iron mold or mould, a yellow spot on cloth stained by rusty iron.
 -- Iron ore (Min.), any native compound of iron from which the metal
may be profitably extracted. The principal ores are magnetite,
hematite, siderite, limonite, Göthite, turgite, and the bog and clay
iron ores.
 -- Iron pyrites (Min.), common pyrites, or pyrite. See Pyrites.
 -- Iron sand, an iron ore in grains, usually the magnetic iron ore,
formerly used to sand paper after writing.
 -- Iron scale, the thin film which on the surface of wrought iron in
the process of forging. It consists essentially of the magnetic oxide
of iron, Fe3O4.
 -- Iron works, a furnace where iron is smelted, or a forge, rolling
mill, or foundry, where it is made into heavy work, such as shafting,
rails, cannon, merchant bar, etc.

IRON
I"ron, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ironed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ironing.]

1. To smooth with an instrument of iron; especially, to smooth, as
cloth, with a heated flatiron; -- sometimes used with out.

2. To shackle with irons; to fetter or handcuff. "Ironed like a
malefactor." Sir W. Scott.

3. To furnish or arm with iron; as, to iron a wagon.

IRONBARK TREE
I"ron*bark` tree`. (Bot.)

Defn: The Australian Eucalyptus Sideroxylon, used largely by
carpenters and shipbuilders; -- called also ironwood.

IRONBOUND
I"ron*bound`, a.

1. Bound as with iron; rugged; as, an ironbound coast.

2. Rigid; unyielding; as, ironbound traditions.

IRON-CASED
I"ron-cased`, a.

Defn: Cased or covered with iron, as a vessel; ironclad.

IRONCLAD
I"ron*clad`, a.

1. Clad in iron; protected or covered with iron, as a vessel for
naval warfare.

2. Rigorous; severe; exacting; as, an ironclad oath or pledge.
[Colloq.]

IRONCLAD
I"ron*clad`, n.

Defn: A naval vessel having the parts above water covered and
protected by iron or steel usually in large plates closely joined and
made sufficiently thick and strong to resist heavy shot.

IRONER
I"ron*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, irons.

IRON-FISTED
I"ron-fist`ed, a.

Defn: Closefisted; stingy; mean.

IRON-GRAY
I"ron-gray`, a.

Defn: Of a gray color, somewhat resembling that of iron freshly
broken.
 -- n.

Defn: An iron-gray color; also, a horse of this color.

IRONHEADS
I"ron*heads`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A European composite herb (Centaurea nigra); -- so called from
the resemblance of its knobbed head to an iron ball fixed on a long
handle. Dr. Prior.

IRON-HEARTED
I"ron-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Hard-hearted; unfeeling; cruel; as, an iron-hearted master.
Cowper.

IRONIC
I*ron"ic, a.

Defn: Ironical. Sir T. Herbert.

IRONICAL
I*ron"ic*al, a. Etym: [LL. ironicus, Gr. ironique. See Irony.]

1. Pertaining to irony; containing, expressing, or characterized by,
irony; as, an ironical remark.

2. Addicted to the use of irony; given to irony.
 -- I*ron"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- I*ron"ic*al*ness, n.

IRONING
I"ron*ing, n.

1. The act or process of smoothing, as clothes, with hot flatirons.

2. The clothes ironed. Ironing board, a flat board, upon which
clothes are laid being ironed.

IRONISH
I"ron*ish, a.

Defn: Resembling iron, as in taste. Wood.

IRONIST
I"ron*ist, n.

Defn: One who uses irony.

IRONMASTER
I"ron*mas`ter, n.

Defn: A manufacturer of iron, or large dealer therein. Bp. Hurd.

IRONMONGER
I"ron*mon`ger, n.

Defn: A dealer in iron or hardware.

IRONMONGERY
I"ron*mon`ger*y, n.

Defn: Hardware; a general name for all articles made of iron. Gwilt.

IRON-SICK
I"ron-sick`, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Having the ironwork loose or corroded; -- said of a ship when
her bolts and nails are so eaten with rust that she has become leaky.

IRON-SIDED
I"ron-sid`ed, a.

Defn: Having iron sides, or very firm sides.

IRONSIDES
I"ron*sides", n.

Defn: A cuirassier or cuirassiers; also, hardy veteran soldiers; --
applied specifically to Cromwell's cavalry.

IRONSMITH
I"ron*smith`, n.

1. A worker in iron; one who makes and repairs utensils of iron; a
blacksmith.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian barbet (Megalaima faber), inhabiting the Island
of Hainan. The name alludes to its note, which resembles the sounds
made by a smith.

IRONSTONE
I"ron*stone`, n.

Defn: A hard, earthy ore of iron. Clay ironstone. See under Clay.
 -- Ironstone china, a hard white pottery, first made in England
during the 18th century.

IRONWARE
I"ron*ware`, n.

Defn: Articles made of iron, as household utensils, tools, and the
like.

IRONWEED
I"ron*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tall weed with purplish flowers (Vernonia Noveboracensis).
The name is also applied to other plants of the same genus.

IRONWOOD
I"ron*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tree unusually hard, strong, or heavy wood.

Note: In the United States, the hornbeam and the hop hornbeam are so
called; also the Olneya Tesota, a small tree of Arizona; in the West
Indies, the Erythroxylon areolatum, and several other unrelated
trees; in China, the Metrosideros vera; in India, the Mesua ferrea,
and two species of Inga; in Australia, the Eucalyptus Sideroxylon,
and in many countries, species of Sideroxylon and Diospyros, and many
other trees.

IRONWORK
I"ron*work`, n.

Defn: Anything made of iron; -- a general name of such parts or
pieces of a building, vessel, carriage, etc., as consist of iron.

IRON WORKS
I"ron works`

Defn: . See under Iron, a.

IRONWORT
I"ron*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An herb of the Mint family (Sideritis), supposed to heal sword
cuts; also, a species of Galeopsis.

IRONY
I"ron*y, a. Etym: [From Iron.]

1. Made or consisting of iron; partaking of iron; iron; as, irony
chains; irony particles. [R.] Woodward.

2. Resembling iron taste, hardness, or other physical property.

IRONY
I"ron*y, n.Etym: [L. ironia, Gr. word: cf. F. ironie.]

1. Dissimulation; ignorance feigned for the purpose of confounding or
provoking an antagonist.

2. A sort of humor, ridicule, or light sarcasm, which adopts a mode
of speech the meaning of which is contrary to the literal sense of
the words.

IROQUOIAN
Ir`o*quoi"an (ir`o*kwoi"an), a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, one of the principal
linguistic stocks of the North American Indians. The territory of the
northern Iroquoian tribes, of whom the Five Nations, or Iroquois
proper, were the chief, extended from the shores of the St. Lawrence
and of Lakes Huron, Ontario, and Erie south, through eastern
Pennsylvania, to Maryland; that of the southern tribes, of whom the
Cherokees were chief, formed part of Virginia, the Carolinas,
Georgia, Tennessee, and Kentucky. All of the tribes were
agricultural, and they were noted for large, communal houses,
palisaded towns, and ability to organize, as well as for skill in
war. --n.

Defn: An Indian of an Iroquoian tribe.

IROQUOIS
Ir`o*quois", n. sing. & pl. Etym: [F.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: A powerful and warlike confederacy of Indian tribes, formerly
inhabiting Central New York and constituting most of the Five
Nations. Also, any Indian of the Iroquois tribes.

IROUS
I"rous, a. Etym: [OF. iros, from ire. See Ire.]

Defn: Irascible; passionate. [Obs.] Chaucer.

IRP; IRPE
Irp, Irpe, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A fantastic grimace or contortion of the body. [Obs.]
Smirks and irps and all affected humors. B. Jonson
.

IRP
Irp, a.

Defn: Making irps. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

IRRADIANCE; IRRADIANCY
Ir*ra"di*ance, Ir*ra"di*an*cy, n. Etym: [From Irradiant.]

1. The act of irradiating; emission of rays of light.

2. That which irradiates or is irradiated; luster; splendor;
irradiation; brilliancy. Milton.

IRRADIANT
Ir*ra"di*ant, a. Etym: [L. irradians, -antis, p. pr. See Irradiate.]

Defn: Irradiating or illuminating; as, the irradiant moon. Boyse.

IRRADIATE
Ir*ra"di*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Irradiated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Irradiating.] Etym: [L. irradiatus, p. p. of irradiate. See In- in,
and Radiate.]

1. To throw rays of light upon; to illuminate; to brighten; to adorn
with luster.
Thy smile irradiates yon blue fields. Sir W. Jones.

2. To enlighten intellectually; to illuminate; as, to irradiate the
mind. Bp. Bull.

3. To animate by heat or light. Sir M. Hale.

4. To radiate, shed, or diffuse.
A splendid fairradiating hospitality. H. James.

IRRADIATE
Ir*ra"di*ate, v. i.

Defn: To emit rays; to shine.

IRRADIATE
Ir*ra"di*ate, a. Etym: [L. irradiatus, p. p.]

Defn: Illuminated; irradiated. Mason.

IRRADIATION
Ir*ra`di*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. irradiation.]

1. Act of irradiating, or state of being irradiated.

2. Illumination; irradiance; brilliancy. Sir W. Scott.

3. Fig.: Mental light or illumination. Sir M. Hale.

4. (Opt.)

Defn: The apparent enlargement of a bright object seen upon a dark
ground, due to the fact that the portions of the retina around the
image are stimulated by the intense light; as when a dark spot on a
white ground appears smaller, or a white spot on a dark ground
larger, than it really is, esp. when a little out of focus.

IRRADICATE
Ir*rad"i*cate, v. t.

Defn: To root deeply. [R.]

IRRATIONAL
Ir*ra"tion*al, a. Etym: [L. irrationalis: cf. F. irrationnel. See In-
not, and Rational.]

1. Not rational; void of reason or understanding; as, brutes are
irrational animals.

2. Not according to reason; absurd; foolish.
It seemed utterly irrational any longer to maintain it. I. Taylor.

3. (Math.)

Defn: Not capable of being exactly expressed by an integral number,
or by a vulgar fraction; surd; -- said especially of roots. See Surd.

Syn.
 -- Absurd; foolish; preposterous; unreasonable; senseless. See
Absurd.

IRRATIONALITY
Ir*ra`tion*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being irrational. "Brutish
irrationaliity." South.

IRRATIONALLY
Ir*ra"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an irrational manner. Boyle.

IRRATIONALNESS
Ir*ra"tion*al*ness, n.

Defn: Irrationality.

IRREBUTTABLE
Ir`re*but"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being rebutted. Coleridge.

IRRECEPTIVE
Ir`re*cep"tive, a.

Defn: Not receiving; incapable of receiving.

IRRECLAIMABLE
Ir`re*claim"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being reclaimed. Addison.
 -- Ir`re*claim"a*bly, ad

IRRECOGNITION
Ir*rec`og*ni"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + recognition.]

Defn: A failure to recognize; absence of recognition. Lamb.

IRRECOGNIZABLE
Ir*rec"og*ni`za*ble, a.

Defn: Not recognizable. Carlyle.

IRRECONCILABILITY
Ir*rec`on*ci`la*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being irreconcilable;
irreconcilableness.

IRRECONCILABLE
Ir*rec"on*ci`la*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. ir- not + reconcilable: cf. F.
irréconciliable.]

Defn: Not reconcilable; implacable; incompatible; inconsistent;
disagreeing; as, irreconcilable enemies, statements.
 -- Ir*rec"on*ci`la*ble*ness, n.
 -- Ir*rec"on*ci`la*bly, adv.

IRRECONCILE
Ir*rec"on*cile`, v. t.

Defn: To prevent from being reconciled; to alienate or disaffect.
[Obs.]

IRRECONCILEMENT
Ir*rec"on*cile`ment, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being unreconciled; disagreement.

IRRECONCILIATION
Ir*rec`on*cil`i*a"tion, n.

Defn: Want of reconciliation; disagreement.

IRRECORDABLE
Ir`re*cord"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. ir-- not + record: cf. L.
irrecordabilis not to be remembered.]

Defn: Not fit or possible to be recorded.

IRRECOVERABLE
Ir`re*cov"er*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being recovered, regained, or remedied;
irreparable; as, an irrecoverable loss, debt, or injury.
That which is past is gone and irrecoverable. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Irreparable; irretrievable; irremediable; unalterable; incurable;
hopeless.
 -- Ir`re*cov"er*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Ir`re*cov"er*a*bly, adv.

IRRECUPERABLE
Ir`re*cu"per*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. irrecuperabilis: cf. OF.
irrecuperable. See In- not, and Recuperate.]

Defn: Irrecoverable.
 -- Ir`re*cu"per*a*bly, adv.

IRRECURED
Ir`re*cured", a.

Defn: Incurable. [Obs.]

IRRECUSABLE
Ir`re*cu"sa*ble, a. Etym: [L. irrecusabilis; pref. ir-- not +
recusabilis that should be rejected, fr. recusare to reject: cf. F.
irrécusable.]

Defn: Not liable to exception or rejection. Sir W. Hamilton.

IRREDEEMABILITY
Ir`re*deem`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being irredeemable; irredeemableness.

IRREDEEMABLE
Ir`re*deem"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not redeemable; that can not be redeemed; not payable in gold
or silver, as a bond; -- used especially of such government notes,
issued as currency, as are not convertible into coin at the pleasure
of the holder.
 -- Ir`re*deem"a*ble*ness, adv.

IRREDUCIBILITY
Ir`re*du`ci*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being irreducible.

IRREDUCIBLE
Ir`re*du"ci*ble, a.

1. Incapable of being reduced, or brought into a different state;
incapable of restoration to its proper or normal condition; as, an
irreducible hernia.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Incapable of being reduced to a simpler form of expression; as,
an irreducible formula. Irreducible case (Alg.), a particular case in
the solution of a cubic equation, in which the formula commonly
employed contains an imaginary quantity, and therefore fails in its
application.
 -- Ir`re*du"ci*ble*ness, n.
 -- -- Ir`re*du"ci*bly, adv.

IRREFLECTION
Ir`re*flec"tion, n.

Defn: Want of reflection.

IRREFLECTIVE
Ir`re*flect"ive, a.

Defn: Not reflective. De Quincey.

IRREFORMABLE
Ir`re*form"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being reformed; incorrigible. Joseph Cook.

IRREFRAGABILITY
Ir*ref`ra*ga*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being irrefragable; incapability of
being refuted.

IRREFRAGABLE
Ir*ref"ra*ga*ble, a. Etym: [F. irréfragable, L. irrefragabilis. See
Refragable.]

Defn: Not refragable; not to be gainsaid or denied; not to be refuted
or overthrown; unanswerable; incontestable; undeniable; as, an
irrefragable argument; irrefragable evidence.
 -- Ir*ref"ra*ga*ble*ness, n.
 -- Ir*ref"ra*ga*bly, adv.

Syn.
 -- Incontrovertible; unanswerable; indisputable; unquestionable;
incontestable; indubitable; undeniable; irrefutable.

IRREFRANGIBILITY
Ir`re*fran`gi*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being irrefrangible; irrefrangibleness.

IRREFRANGIBLE
Ir`re*fran"gi*ble, a.

Defn: Not refrangible; that can not be refracted in passing from one
medium to another.
 -- Ir`re*fran"gi*ble*ness, n.

IRREFUTABLE
Ir`re*fut"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. irrefutabilis: cf. F. irréfutable. See
Refute.]

Defn: Incapable of being refuted or disproved; indisputable.
 -- Ir`re*fut"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Ir`re*fut"a*bly, adv.

IRREGENERACY
Ir`re*gen"er*a*cy, n.

Defn: Unregeneracy.

IRREGENERATION
Ir`re*gen`er*a"tion, n.

Defn: An unregenerate state. [Obs.]

IRREGULAR
Ir*reg"u*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. ir- not + regular: cf. F. irrégulier.]

Defn: Not regular; not conforming to a law, method, or usage
recognized as the general rule; not according to common form; not
conformable to nature, to the rules of moral rectitude, or to
established principles; not normal; unnatural; immethodical;
unsymmetrical; erratic; no straight; not uniform; as, an irregular
line; an irregular figure; an irregular verse; an irregular
physician; an irregular proceeding; irregular motion; irregular
conduct, etc. Cf. Regular.
Mazes intricate, Eccentric, intervolved, yet regular Then most when
most irregular they seem. Milton.
Leading the men of Herefordshire to fight Against the irregular and
wild Glendower. Shak.
A flowery meadow through which a clear stream murmured in many
irregular meanders. Jones.

Syn.
 -- Immethodical; unsystematic; abnormal; unnatural; anomalous;
erratic; devious; crooked; eccentric; unsettled; uneven; variable;
changeable; mutable; desultory; disorderly; wild; immoderate;
intemperate; inordinate; vicious.

IRREGULAR
Ir*reg"u*lar, n.

Defn: One who is not regular; especially, a soldier not in regular
service.

IRREGULARIST
Ir*reg"u*lar*ist, n.

Defn: One who is irregular. Baxter.

IRREGULARITY
Ir*reg`u*lar"i*ty, n.; pl. Irregularities. Etym: [Cf. F.
irrégularité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being irregular; that which is
irregular.

IRREGULARLY
Ir*reg"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In an irregular manner.

IRREGULATE
Ir*reg"u*late, v. t.

Defn: To make irregular; to disorder. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

IRREGULOUS
Ir*reg"u*lous, a.

Defn: Lawless. [Obs.] Shak.

IRREJECTABLE
Ir`re*ject"a*ble, a.

Defn: That can not be rejected; irresistible. Boyle.

IRRELAPSABLE
Ir`re*laps"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not liable to relapse; secure. Dr. H. More.

IRRELATE
Ir`re*late, a.

Defn: Ir

IRRELATION
Ir`re*la"tion, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being irrelative; want of connection or
relation.

IRRELATIVE
Ir*rel"a*tive, a.

Defn: Not relative; without mutual relations; unconnected.
 -- Ir*rel"a*tive*ly, adv. Irrelative chords (Mus.), those having no
common tone.
 -- Irrelative repetition (Biol.), the multiplication of parts that
serve for a common purpose, but have no mutual dependence or
connection. Owen.

IRRELAVANCE
Ir*rel"a*vance, n.

Defn: Irrelevancy.

IRRELAVANCY
Ir*rel"a*van*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being irrelevant; as, the irrelevancy
of an argument.

IRRELAVANT
Ir*rel"a*vant, a.

Defn: Not relevant; not applicable or pertinent; not bearing upon or
serving to support; foreign; extraneous; as, testimony or arguments
irrelevant to a case.
 -- Ir*rel"a*vant*ly, adv.

IRRELIEVABLE
Ir`re*liev"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not admitting relief; incurable; hopeless.

IRRELIGION
Ir`re*li"gion, n. Etym: [L. irreligio: cf. F. irréligion. See In-
not, and Religion.]

Defn: The state of being irreligious; want of religion; impiety.

IRRELIGIONIST
Ir`re*li"gion*ist, n.

Defn: One who is irreligious.

IRRELIGIOUS
Ir`re*li"gious, a. Etym: [L. irreligiosus: cf. F. irréligieux.]

1. Destitute of religion; not controlled by religious motives or
principles; ungodly. Cf. Impiou.
Shame and reproach are generally the portion of the impious and
irreligious. South.

2. Indicating a want of religion; profane; wicked; as, irreligious
speech.

IRRELIGIOUSLY
Ir`re*li"gious*ly, adv.

Defn: In an irreligious manner.

IRRELIGIOUSNESS
Ir`re*li"gious*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being irreligious; ungodliness.

IRREMEABLE
Ir*re"me*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. irremeabilis; pref. ir- not + remeabilis
returning, fr. remeare: cf. F. irréméable. See Remeant.]

Defn: Admitting no return; as, an irremeable way. [Obs.] Dryden.

IRREMEDIABLE
Ir`re*me"di*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. irremediabilis: cf. F. irrémédiable.
See In- not, and Remediable.]

Defn: Not to be remedied, corrected, or redressed; incurable; as, an
irremediable disease or evil.

IRREMEDIABLENESS
Ir`re*me"di*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being irremediable.

IRREMEDIABLY
Ir`re*me"di*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a manner, or to a degree, that precludes remedy, cure, or
correction.

IRREMISSIBLE
Ir`re*mis"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. irremissibilis: cf. F. irrémissible.
See In- not, and Remissible.]

Defn: Not remissible; unpardonable; as, irremissible crimes. Burke.
 -- Ir`re*mis"si*ble, n.
 -- Ir`re*mis"si*bly, adv.

IRREMISSION
Ir`re*mis"sion, n.

Defn: Refusal of pardon.

IRREMISSIVE
Ir`re*mis"sive, a.

Defn: Not remitting; unforgiving.

IRREMITTABLE
Ir`re*mit"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being remitted; irremissible. Holinshed.

IRREMOVABILITY
Ir`re*mov`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being irremovable; immovableness.

IRREMOVABLE
Ir`re*mov"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not removable; immovable; inflexible. Shak.
 -- Ir`re*mov"a*bly, adv.

IRREMOVAL
Ir`re*mov"al, n.

Defn: Absence of removal.

IRREMUNERABLE
Ir`re*mu"ner*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. irremunerabilis: cf. F.
irrémunérable. See Remunerate.]

Defn: Not remunerable; not capable of remuneration.

IRRENOWNED
Ir`re*nowned", a.

Defn: Not renowned. [Obs.]

IRREPARABILITY
Ir*rep`a*ra*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. irréparabilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being irreparable; irreparableness.
Sterne.

IRREPARABLE
Ir*rep"a*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. irreparabilis: cf. F. irréparable. See
In- not, and Reparable.]

Defn: Not reparable; not capable of being repaired, recovered,
regained, or remedied; irretrievable; irremediable; as, an
irreparable breach; an irreparable loss. Shak.

IRREPARABLENESS
Ir*rep"a*ra*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being irreparable.

IRREPARABLY
Ir*rep"a*ra*bly, adv.

Defn: In an irreparable manner.

IRREPEALABILITY
Ir`re*peal`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being irrepealable.

IRREPEALABLE
Ir`re*peal"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not repealable; not capable of being repealed or revoked, as a
law.
 -- Ir`re*peal"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Ir`re*peal"a*bly, adv.

IRREPENTANCE
Ir`re*pent"ance, n.

Defn: Want of repentance; impenitence. Bp. Montagu.

IRREPLEVIABLE; IRREPLEVISABLE
Ir`re*plev"i*a*ble, Ir`re*plev"i*sa*ble, a. (Law)

Defn: Not capable of being replevied.

IRREPREHENSIBLE
Ir*rep`re*hen"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. irreprehensibilis: cf. F.
irrépréhensible. See Reprehensible.]

Defn: Not reprehensible; blameless; innocent.
 -- Ir*rep`re*hen"si*ble*ness, n.
 -- Ir*rep`re*hen"si*bly, adv.

IRREPRESENTABLE
Ir*rep`re*sent"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being represented or portrayed.

IRREPRESSIBLE
Ir`re*press"i*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being repressed, restrained, or controlled; as,
irrepressible joy; an irrepressible conflict. W. H. Steward.

IRREPRESSIBLY
Ir`re*press"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In a manner or to a degree that can not be repressed.

IRREPROACHABLE
Ir`re*proach"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. ir- not + reproachable: cf. F.
irréprochable.]

Defn: Not reproachable; above reproach; not deserving reproach;
blameless.
He [Berkely] erred, -- and who is free from error -- but his
intentions were irreproachable. Beattie.

IRREPROACHABLENESS
Ir`re*proach"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being irreproachable; integrity;
innocence.

IRREPROACHABLY
Ir`re*proach"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an irreproachable manner; blamelessly.

IRREPROVABLE
Ir`re*prov"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being justly reproved; irreproachable; blameless;
upright.
 -- Ir`re*prov"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Ir`re*prov"a*bly, adv.

IRREPTITIOUS
Ir`rep*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. irrepere, irreptum, to creep in; pref.
ir- in + repere to creep.]

Defn: Surreptitious; spurious. [Obs.] Dr. Castell (1673).

IRREPUTABLE
Ir*rep"u*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Disreputable. [Obs.]

IRRESILIENT
Ir`re*sil"i*ent, a.

Defn: Not resilient; not recoiling or rebounding; inelastic.

IRRESISTANCE
Ir`re*sist"ance, n.

Defn: Nonresistance; passive submission.

IRRESISTIBILITY
Ir`re*sist`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. irrésistibilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being irrestible, irresistibleness.

IRRESISTIBLE
Ir`re*sist"i*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. ir- not + resistible: cf. F.
irrésistible.]

Defn: That can not be successfully resisted or opposed; superior to
opposition; resistless; overpowering; as, an irresistible attraction.
An irresistible law of our nature impels us to seek happiness. J. M.
Mason.

IRRESISTIBLENESS
Ir`re*sist"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being irrestible.

IRRESISTIBLY
Ir`re*sist"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In an irrestible manner.

IRRESISTLESS
Ir`re*sist"less, a.

Defn: Irresistible. [Obs.] Glanvill.

IRRESOLUBLE
Ir*res"o*lu*ble, a. Etym: [L. irresolubilis: cf. F. irrésoluble. See
Resoluble, and cf. Irresolvable.]

1. Incapable of being dissolved or resolved into parts; insoluble.
Boyle.

2. Incapable of being relieved or assisted. [Obs.]
The second is in the irresoluble condition of our souls after a known
sin committed. Bp. Hall.

IRRESOLUBLENESS
Ir*res"o*lu*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being irresoluble; insolubility.

IRRESOLUTE
Ir*res"o*lute, a. Etym: [Pref. ir- not + resolute: cf. F. irrésolu,
L. irresolutus not loosened.]

Defn: Not resolute; not decided or determined; wavering; given to
doubt or irresolution.
Weak and irresolute is man. Cowper.

Syn.
 -- Wavering; vacillating; undetermined; undecided; unsettled;
fickle; changeable; inconstant.
 -- Ir*res"o*lute*ly, adv.
 -- Ir*res"o*lute*ness, n.

IRRESOLUTION
Ir*res`o*lu"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. irrésolution.]

Defn: Want of resolution; want of decision in purpose; a fluctuation
of mind, as in doubt, or between hope and fear; irresoluteness;
indecision; vacillation.
Irresolution on the schemes of life which offer themselves to our
choice, and inconstancy in pursuing them, are the greatest causes of
all unhappiness. Addison.

IRRESOLVABILITY
Ir`re*solv`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being irresolvable; irresolvableness.

IRRESOLVABLE
Ir`re*solv"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. ir- not + resolvable. Cf.
Irresoluble.]

Defn: Incapable of being resolved; not separable into component
parts. Irresolvable nebulæ (Astron.), nebulæ of a cloudlike
appearance, which have not yet been resolved by the telescope into
stars. Sir W. Herschel.

IRRESOLVABLENESS
Ir`re*solv"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being irresolvable; irresolvability.

IRRESOLVEDLY
Ir`re*solv"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Without settled determination; in a hesitating manner;
doubtfully. [R.]

IRRESPECTIVE
Ir`re*spec"tive, a.

1. Without regard for conditions, circumstances, or consequences;
unbiased; independent; impartial; as, an irrespective judgment.

According to this doctrine, it must be resolved wholly into the
absolute, irrespective will of God. Rogers.

2. Disrespectful. [Obs.] Sir C. Cornwallis. Irrespective of,
regardless of; without regard to; as, irrespective of differences.

IRRESPECTIVELY
Ir`re*spec"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: Without regard to conditions; not making circumstances into
consideration.
Prosperity, considered absolutely and irrespectively, is better and
more desirable than adversity. South.

IRRESPIRABLE
Ir*res"pi*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. irrespirabilis: cf. F. irrespirable.
See Respirable.]

Defn: Unfit for respiration; not having the qualities necessary to
support animal life; as, irrespirable air.

IRRESPONSIBILITY
Ir`re*spon`si*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. irresponsabilité.]

Defn: Want of, or freedom from, responsibility or accountability.

IRRESPONSIBLE
Ir`re*spon"si*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. ir- not + responsible: cf. F.
irresponsable.]

1. Nor responsible; not liable or able to answer fro consequences;
innocent.

2. Not to be trusted; unreliable.

IRRESPONSIBLY
Ir`re*spon"si*bly, adv.

Defn: So as not to be responsible.

IRRESPONSIVE
Ir`re*spon"sive, a.

Defn: Not responsive; not able, ready, or inclined to respond.

IRRESUSCITABLE
Ir`re*sus"ci*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being resuscitated or revived.
 -- Ir`re*sus"ci*ta*bly, adv.

IRRETENTION
Ir`re*ten"tion, n.

Defn: Want of retaining power; forgetfulness. De Quincey.

IRRETENTIVE
Ir`re*ten"tive, a.

Defn: Not retentive; as, an irretentive memory.

IRRETRACEABLE
Ir`re*trace"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being retraced; not retraceable.

IRRETRACTILE
Ir`re*tract"ile, a.

1. Not retractile.

2. Not tractile or ductile. [R.] Sir W. Hamilton.

IRRETRIEVABLE
Ir`re*triev"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not retrievable; irrecoverable; irreparable; as, an
irretrievable loss.

Syn.
 -- Irremediable; incurable; irrecoverable.

IRRETRIEVABLENESS
Ir`re*triev"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being irretrievable.

IRRETRIEVABLY
Ir`re*triev"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an irretrievable manner.

IRRETURNABLE
Ir`re*turn"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not to be returned.

IRREVEALABLE
Ir`re*veal"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being revealed.
 -- Ir`re*veal"a*bly, adv.

IRREVERENCE
Ir*rev"er*ence, n. Etym: [L. irreverentia: cf. F. irrévérence.]

Defn: The state or quality of being irreverent; want of proper
reverence; disregard of the authority and character of a superior.

IRREVEREND
Ir*rev"er*end, a.

Defn: Irreverent. [Obs.]
Immodest speech, or irreverend gesture. Strype.

IRREVERENT
Ir*rev"er*ent, a. Etym: [L. irreverens, -entis: cf. F. irrévérent.
See In- not, and Reverent.]

Defn: Not reverent; showing a want of reverence; expressive of a want
of veneration; as, an irreverent babbler; an irreverent jest.

IRREVERENTLY
Ir*rev"er*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an irreverent manner.

IRREVERSIBILITY
Ir`re*vers`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being irreversible; irreversibleness.

IRREVERSIBLE
Ir`re*vers"i*ble, a.

1. Incapable of being reversed or turned about or back; incapable of
being made to run backward; as, an irreversible engine.

2. Incapable of being reversed, recalled, repealed, or annulled; as,
an irreversible sentence or decree.
This rejection of the Jews, as it is not universal, so neither is it
final and irreversible. Jortin.

Syn.
 -- Irrevocable; irrepealable; unchangeable.

IRREVERSIBLENESS
Ir`re*vers"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being irreversible.

IRREVERSIBLE STEERING GEAR
Ir`re*vers"i*ble steering gear. (Mach.)

Defn: A steering gear, esp. for an automobile, not affected by the
road wheels, as when they strike an obstacle side ways, but easily
controlled by the hand wheel or steering lever.

IRREVERSIBLY
Ir`re*vers"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In an irreversible manner.

IRREVOCABILITY
Ir*rev`o*ca*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. irrévocabilité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being irrevocable; irrevocableness.

IRREVOCABLE
Ir*rev"o*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. irrevocabilis: cf. F. irrévocable. See
In- not, and Revoke, and cf. Irrevocable.]

Defn: Incapable of being recalled or revoked; unchangeable;
irreversible; unalterable; as, an irrevocable promise or decree;
irrevocable fate.
Firm and irrevocable is my doom. Shak.
-- Ir*rev"o*ca*ble*ness, n.
 -- Ir*rev"o*ca*bly, adv.

IRREVOKABLE
Ir`re*vok"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. ir- not + revoke.]

Defn: Irrevocable. [R.]

IRREVOLUBLE
Ir*rev"o*lu*ble, a.

Defn: That has no finite period of revolution; not revolving. [R.]
The dateless and irrevocable circle of eternity. Milton.

IRRHETORICAL
Ir`rhe*tor"ic*al, a.

Defn: Not rethorical.

IRRIGATE
Ir"ri*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Irrigated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Irrigating.] Etym: [L. irrigatus, p. p. of irrigare to irrigate: ir-
in + rigare to water; prob. akin to E. rain. See Rain.]

1. To water; to wet; to moisten with running or dropping water; to
bedew.

2. (Agric.)

Defn: To water, as land, by causing a stream to flow upon, over, or
through it, as in artificial channels.

IRRIGATION
Ir`ri*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. irrigatio: cf. F. irrigation.]

Defn: The act or process of irrigating, or the state of being
irrigated; especially, the operation of causing water to flow over
lands, for nourishing plants.

IRRIGUOUS
Ir*rig"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. irriguus. See Irrigate.]

1. Watered; watery; moist; dewy. [Obs.]
The flowery lap Of some irriguous valley spreads her store. Milton.

2. Gently penetrating or pervading. [Obs.] J. Philips.

IRRISIBLE
Ir*ris"i*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. ir- not + risible. See Irrision.]

Defn: Not risible. [R.]

IRRISION
Ir*ri"sion, n. Etym: [L. irrisio, fr. irridere, irrisum. to laugh at;
pref. ir- in + ridere to laugh: cf. F. irrision.]

Defn: The act of laughing at another; derision.
This being spoken scepticè, or by way of irrision. Chapman.

IRRITABILITY
Ir`ri*ta*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. irritabilitas: cf. F. irritabilité.]

1. The state or quality of being irritable; quick excitability;
petulance; fretfulness; as, irritability of temper.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: A natural susceptibility, characteristic of all living
organisms, tissues, and cells, to the influence of certain stimuli,
response being manifested in a variety of ways, -- as that quality in
plants by which they exhibit motion under suitable stimulation; esp.,
the property which living muscle processes, of responding either to a
direct stimulus of its substance, or to the stimulating influence of
its nerve fibers, the response being indicated by a change of form,
or contraction; contractility.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A condition of morbid excitability of an organ or part of the
body; undue susceptibility to the influence of stimuli. See
Irritation, n., 3.

IRRITABLE
Ir"ri*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. irritabilis: cf. F. irritable. See
Irritate.]

1. Capable of being irriated.

2. Very susceptible of anger or passion; easily inflamed or
exasperated; as, an irritable temper.
Vicious, old, and irritable. Tennyson.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: Endowed with irritability; susceptible of irritation; capable
of being excited to action by the application of certain stimuli.

4. (Med.)

Defn: Susceptible of irritation; unduly sensitive to irritants or
stimuli. See Irritation, n., 3.

Syn.
 -- Excitable; irascible; touchy; fretful; peevish.

IRRITABLENESS
Ir"ri*ta*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Irritability.

IRRITABLY
Ir"ri*ta*bly, adv.

Defn: In an irritable manner.

IRRITANCY
Ir"ri*tan*cy, n. Etym: [From 1st Irritant.] (Scots Law)

Defn: The state or quality of being null and void; invalidity;
forfeiture. Burrill.

IRRITANCY
Ir"ri*tan*cy, n. Etym: [From 2d Irritant.]

Defn: The state o quality of being irritant or irritating.

IRRITANT
Ir"ri*tant, a. Etym: [LL. irritants, -antis, p. pr. of irritare to
make null, fr. L. irritus void; pref. ir- not + ratus established.]
(Scots Law)

Defn: Rendering null and void; conditionally invalidating.
The states elected Harry, Duke of Anjou, for their king, with this
clause irritant; that, if he did violate any part of his oath, the
people should owe him no allegiance. Hayward.

IRRITANT
Ir"ri*tant, a. Etym: [L. irritans, -antis, p. pr. of irritare: cf. F.
irritant. See Irritate to excite.]

Defn: Irritating; producing irritation or inflammation.

IRRITANT
Ir"ri*tant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. irritant.]

1. That which irritates or excites.

2. (Physiol. & Med.)

Defn: Any agent by which irritation is produced; as, a chemical
irritant; a mechanical or electrical irritant.

3. (Toxicology)

Defn: A poison that produces inflammation. Counter irritant. See
under Counter.
 -- Pure irritant (Toxicology), a poison that produces inflammation
without any corrosive action upon the tissues.

IRRITATE
Ir"ri*tate, v. t. Etym: [See 1 st Irritant.]

Defn: To render null and void. [R.] Abp. Bramhall.

IRRITATE
Ir"ri*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Irritated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Irritating.] Etym: [L. irritatus, p. p. of irritare. Of doubtful
origin.]

1. To increase the action or violence of; to heighten excitement in;
to intensify; to stimulate.
Cold maketh the spirits vigorous and irritateth them. Bacon.

2. To excite anger or displeasure in; to provoke; to tease; to
exasperate; to annoy; to vex; as, the insolence of a tyrant irritates
his subjects.
Dismiss the man, nor irritate the god: Prevent the rage of him who
reigns above. Pope.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: To produce irritation in; to stimulate; to cause to contract.
See Irritation, n., 2.

4. (Med.)

Defn: To make morbidly excitable, or oversensitive; to fret; as, the
skin is irritated by friction; to irritate a wound by a coarse
bandage.

Syn.
 -- To fret; inflame; excite; provoke; tease; vex; exasperate; anger;
incense; enrage.
 -- To Irritate, Provoke, Exasperate. These words express different
stages of excited or angry feeling. Irritate denotes an excitement of
quick and slightly angry feeling which is only momentary; as,
irritated by a hasty remark. To provoke implies the awakening of some
open expression of decided anger; as, a provoking insult. Exasperate
denotes a provoking of anger at something unendurable. Whatever comes
across our feelings irritates; whatever excites anger provokes;
whatever raises anger to a high point exasperates. "Susceptible and
nervous people are most easily irritated; proud people are quickly
provoked; hot and fiery people are soonest exasperated." Crabb.

IRRITATE
Ir"ri*tate, a.

Defn: Excited; heightened. [Obs.]

IRRITATION
Ir`ri*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. irritatio: cf. F. irritation.]

1. The act of irritating, or exciting, or the state of being
irritated; excitement; stimulation, usually of an undue and
uncomfortable kind; especially, excitement of anger or passion;
provocation; annoyance; anger.
The whole body of the arts and sciences composes one vast machinery
for the irritation and development of the human intellect. De
Quincey.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act of exciting, or the condition of being excited to
action, by stimulation; -- as, the condition of an organ of sense,
when its nerve is affected by some external body; esp., the act of
exciting muscle fibers to contraction, by artificial stimulation; as,
the irritation of a motor nerve by electricity; also, the condition
of a muscle and nerve, under such stimulation.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A condition of morbid excitability or oversensitiveness of an
organ or part of the body; a state in which the application of
ordinary stimuli produces pain or excessive or vitiated action.

IRRITATIVE
Ir"ri*ta*tive, a.

1. Serving to excite or irritate; irritating; as, an irritative
agent.

2. Accompanied with, or produced by, increased action or irritation;
as, an irritative fever. E. Darwin.

IRRITATORY
Ir"ri*ta*to*ry, a.

Defn: Exciting; producing irritation; irritating. [R.] Hales.

IRRORATE
Ir"ro*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Irrorated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Irrorating.] Etym: [L. irroratus, p. p. of irrorare to bedew; pref.
ir- in + ros, roris, dew.]

Defn: To sprinkle or moisten with dew; to bedew. [Obs.]

IRRORATE
Ir"ro*rate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Covered with minute grains, appearing like fine sand.

IRRORATION
Ir`ro*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. irroration.]

Defn: The act of bedewing; the state of being moistened with de
[Obs.] Chambers.

IRROTATIONAL
Ir`ro*ta"tion*al, a. (Physics)

Defn: Not rotatory; passing from one point to another by a movement
other than rotation; -- said of the movement of parts of a liquid or
yielding mass. Sir W. Thomson.

IRRUBRICAL
Ir*ru"bric*al, a.

Defn: Contrary to the rubric; not rubrical.

IRRUGATE
Ir"ru*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. irrugatus, p. p. of irrugare to wrinkle.]

Defn: To wrinkle. [Obs.]

IRRUPTED
Ir*rupt"ed, a. Etym: [L. irruptus, p. p. of irrumpere to break in;
pref. ir- in + rumpere to break or burst. See Rupture.]

Defn: Broken with violence.

IRRUPTION
Ir*rup"tion, n. Etym: [L. irruptio: cf. F. irruption. See Irrupted.]

1. A bursting in; a sudden, violent rushing into a place; as,
irruptions of the sea.
Lest evil tidings, with too rude irruption Hitting thy aged ear,
should pierce too deep. Milton.

2. A sudden and violent inroad, or entrance of invaders; as, the
irruptions of the Goths into Italy. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Invasion; incursion; inroad. See Invasion.

IRRUPTIVE
Ir*rup"tive, a.

Defn: Rushing in or upon.

IRVINGITE
Ir"ving*ite, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: The common designation of one a sect founded by the Rev. Edward
Irving (about 1830), who call themselves the Catholic Apostolic
Church. They are highly ritualistic in worship, have an elaborate
hierarchy of apostles, prophets, etc., and look for the speedy coming
of Christ.

IS-
Is-

Defn: . See Iso-.

IS
Is, v. i. Etym: [AS. is; akin to G. & Goth. ist, L. est, Gr. asti. .
Cf. Am, Entity, Essence, Absent.]

Defn: The third person singular of the substantive verb be, in the
indicative mood, present tense; as, he is; he is a man. See Be.

Note: In some varieties of the Northern dialect of Old English, is
was used for all persons of the singular.
For thy is I come, and eke Alain. Chaucer.
Aye is thou merry. Chaucer.

Note: The idiom of using the present for future events sure to happen
is a relic of Old English in which the present and future had the
same form; as, this year Christmas is on Friday.
To-morrow is the new moon. 1 Sam. xx. 5.

ISABEL; ISABEL COLOR
Is"a*bel, n., Is"a*bel col"or.Etym: [F. isabelle.]

Defn: See Isabella.

ISABELLA; ISABELLA COLOR
Is`a*bel"la, n., Is`a*bel"la col"or. Etym: [Said to be named from the
Spanish princess Isabella, daughter of king Philip II., in allusion
to the color assumed by her shift, which she wore without change from
1601 to 1604, in consequence of a vow made by her.]

Defn: A brownish yellow color.

ISABELLA GRAPE
Is`a*bel"la grape`. (Bot.)

Defn: A favorite sweet American grape of a purple color. See Fox
grape, under Fox.

ISABELLA MOTH
Is`a*bel"la moth`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A common American moth (Pyrrharctia isabella), of an isabella
color. The larva, called woolly bear and hedgehog caterpillar, is
densely covered with hairs, which are black at each end of the body,
and red in the middle part.

ISABELLINE
Is`a*bel"line, a.

Defn: Of an isabel or isabella color.

ISAGELOUS; ISAGEL
A. [Is- + Gr. Agelos Information.]

Defn: Containing the same information, as isagelous sentences. The
coded message and the original, though appearing entirely unlike, are
completely isagelous. Bacon The complementary strands have isagelous
sequences. J. D. Watson.
 -- Isagel
I*sag"e*lous (i*sâg"ê*lûs), a. Etym: [Is- + Gr. a`gelos information.]

Defn: Containing the same information, as isagelous sentences. "The
coded message and the original, though appearing entirely unlike, are
completely isagelous." Bacon "The complementary strands have
isagelous sequences." J. D. Watson.
 -- Is"a*gel n.

Defn: One of two or more objects containing the same information.

ISAGOGE
I"sa*goge, n. Etym: [L., fr. Fr.

Defn: An introduction. [Obs.] Harris.

ISAGOGIC; ISAGOGICAL
I"sa*gog"ic, I"sa*gog"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. isagogicus, Gr.

Defn: Introductory; especially, introductory to the study of
theology.

ISAGOGICS
I"sa*gog"ics, n. (Theol.)

Defn: That part of theological science directly preliminary to actual
exegesis, or interpretation of the Scriptures.

ISAGON
I"sa*gon, n. Etym: [Gr. isagone, a.] (Math.)

Defn: A figure or polygon whose angles are equal.

ISAPOSTOLIC
Is*ap`os*tol"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having equal, or almost equal, authority with the apostles of
their teachings.

ISATIC; ISATINIC
I*sat"ic, I`sa*tin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, isatin; as, isatic acid, which
is also called trioxindol.

ISATIDE
I"sa*tide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance obtained by the partial reduction
of isatin. [Written also isatyde.]

ISATIN
I"sa*tin, n. Etym: [See Isatis.] (Chem.)

Defn: An orange-red crystalline substance, C8H5NO2, obtained by the
oxidation of indigo blue. It is also produced from certain
derivatives of benzoic acid, and is one important source of
artificial indigo. [Written also, less properly, isatine.]

ISATIS
I"sa*tis, n. Etym: [L., a kind of plant, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbs, some species of which, especially the Isatis
tinctoria, yield a blue dye similar to indigo; woad.

ISATOGEN
I*sat"o*gen, n. Etym: [Isatin + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A complex nitrogenous radical, C8H4NO2, regarded as the
essential residue of a series of compounds, related to isatin, which
easily pass by reduction to indigo blue.
 -- I*sat`o*gen"ic, a.

ISATROPIC
I`sa*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Is- + atropine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from atropine,
and isomeric with cinnamic acid.

ISCHIAC
Is"chi*ac, a. (Anat.)

Defn: See Ischial.

ISCHIADIC
Is`chi*ad"ic, a. Etym: [L. ischiadicus, Gr. Sciatic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Ischial. [R.] Ischiadic passion or disease (Med.), a rheumatic
or neuralgic affection of some part about the hip joint; -- called
also sciatica.

ISCHIAL
Is"chi*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ischium or hip; ischiac; ischiadic;
ischiatic. Ischial callosity (Zoöl.), one of the patches of thickened
hairless, and often bright-colored skin, on the buttocks of many
apes, as the drill.

ISCHIATIC
Is`chi*at"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Ishial.

ISCHIOCAPSULAR
Is`chi*o*cap"su*lar a. Etym: [Ischium + capsular.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ischium and the capsule of the hip
joint; as, the ischiocapsular ligament.

ISCHIOCERITE
Is`chi*o*ce"rite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The third joint or the antennæ of the Crustacea.

ISCHION; ISCHIUM
Is"chi*on, Is"chi*um, n. Etym: [L., Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The ventral and posterior of the three principal bones
composing either half of the pelvis; seat bone; the huckle bone.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the pleuræ of insects.

ISCHIOPODITE
Is`chi*op"o*dite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The third joint of the typical appendages of Crustacea.

ISCHIORECTAL
Is`chi*o*rec"tal, a. Etym: [Ischium + rectal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the region between the rectum and ishial
tuberosity.

ISCHURETIC
Is`chu*ret"ic, a.

Defn: Having the quality of relieving ischury.
 -- n.

Defn: An ischuretic medicine.

ISCHURY
Is"chu*ry, n. Etym: [L. ischuria, Gr. ischurie.] (Med.)

Defn: A retention or suppression of urine.

-ISE
-ise

Defn: . See -ize.

ISENTROPIC
I`sen*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Is- + entropy + -ic.] (Physics)

Defn: Having equal entropy. Isentropic lines, lines which pass
through points having equal entropy.

ISETHIONIC
I*seth`i*on"ic, a. Etym: [Is- + ethionic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid,
HO.C2H4.SO3H, obtained as an oily or crystalline substance, by the
action of sulphur trioxide on alcohol or ether. It is derivative of
sulphuric acid.

-ISH
-ish. Etym: [AS. -isc; akin to G. -isch, OHG. -isc, Goth. & Dan. -
isk, Gr. -esque.]

Defn: A suffix used to from adjectives from nouns and from
adjectives. It denotes relation, resemblance, similarity, and
sometimes has a diminutive force; as, selfish, boyish, brutish;
whitish, somewhat white.

-ISH
-ish. Etym: [OE. -issen, fr. F. -is, -iss- (found in the present
particle, etc., of certain verbs, as finir to finish, fleurir to
flourish), corresponding to L. -escere, an inchoative ending.]

Defn: A verb ending, originally appearing in certain verbs of French
origin; as, abolish, cherish, finish, furnish, garnish, impoverish.

ISHMAELITE
Ish"ma*el*ite, n.

1. A descendant of Ishmael (the son of Abraham and Hagar), of whom it
was said, "His hand will be against every man, and every man's hand
against him." Gen. xvi. 12.

2. One at enmity with society; a wanderer; a vagabond; an outcast.
Thackeray.

3. See Ismaelian.

ISHMAELITISH
Ish"ma*el*i`tish, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an Ishmaelite or the
Ishmaelites.

ISIAC
I"si*ac, a. Etym: [L. Isiacus, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the goddess Isis; as, Isiac mysteries.

ISICLE
I"si*cle, n.

Defn: A icicle. [Obs.]

ISIDORIAN
Is`i*do"ri*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining, or ascribed, to Isidore; as, the Isidorian
decretals, a spurious collection of decretals published in the ninth
century.

ISINGLASS
I"sin*glass, n. Etym: [Prob. corrupted fr. D. huizenblas (akin to G.
hausenblase), lit., bladder of the huso, or large sturgeon; huizen
sturgeon + blas bladder. Cf. Bladder, Blast a gust of wind.]

1. A semitransparent, whitish, and very pure from of gelatin, chiefly
prepared from the sounds or air bladders of various species of
sturgeons (as the Acipenser huso) found in the of Western Russia. It
used for making jellies, as a clarifier, etc. Cheaper forms of
gelatin are not unfrequently so called. Called also fish glue.

2. (Min.)

Defn: A popular name for mica, especially when in thin sheets.

ISIS
I"sis, n. Etym: [L., the goddess Isis, fr. Gr.

1. (Myth.)

Defn: The principal goddess worshiped by the Egyptians. She was
regarded as the mother of Horus, and the sister and wife of Osiris.
The Egyptians adored her as the goddess of fecundity, and as the
great benefactress of their country, who instructed their ancestors
in the art of agriculture.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any coral of the genus Isis, or family Isidæ, composed of
joints of white, stony coral, alternating with flexible, horny
joints. See Gorgoniacea.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: One of the asteroids.

ISLAM
Is"lam, n. Etym: [Ar. islam obedience to the will of God, submission,
humbling one's self, resigning one's self to the divine disposal. Cf.
Moslem.]

1. The religion of the Mohammedans; Mohammedanism; Islamism. Their
formula of faith is: There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is his
prophet.

2. The whole body of Mohammedans, or the countries which they occupy.

ISLAMISM
Is"lam*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. islamisme.]

Defn: The faith, doctrines, or religious system of the Mohammedans;
Mohammedanism; Islam.

ISLAMITE
Is"lam*ite, n.

Defn: A Mohammedan.

ISLAMITIC
Is`lam*it"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Islam; Mohammedan.

ISLAMIZE
Is"lam*ize, v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Islamized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Islamizing.]

Defn: To conform, or cause to conform, to the religion of Islam.

ISLAND
Is"land, n. Etym: [OE. iland, yland, AS. igland, , ; ig, , island +
land, lond, land. AS. ig, , is akin to AS. eá water, river, OHG. , G.
au meadow, Icel. ey island, Dan. & Sw. ö, Goth. ahwa a stream, water,
L. aqua water. The s is due to confusion with isle. Cf. Ait, Eyot,
Ewer, Aquatic.]

1. A tract of land surrounded by water, and smaller than a continent.
Cf. Continent.

2. Anything regarded as resembling an island; as, an island of ice.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Isle, n., 2. Islands of the blessed (Myth.), islands
supposed to lie in the Western Ocean, where the favorites of the gods
are conveyed at death, and dwell in everlasting joy.

ISLAND
Is"land, v. t.

1. To cause to become or to resemble an island; to make an island or
islands of; to isle. Shelley.

2. To furnish with an island or with islands; as, to island the deep.
Southey.

ISLANDER
Is"land*er, n.

Defn: An inhabitant of an island.

ISLANDY
Is"land*y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to islands; full of islands. Cotgrave.

ISLE
Isle, n. Etym: [Obs.]

Defn: See Aisle.

ISLE
Isle, n. Etym: [OF. isle, F. île, L. insula; cf. Lith. sala. Cf.
Insulate.]

1. An island. [Poetic]
Imperial rule of all the seagirt isles. Milton.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spot within another of a different color, as upon the wings
of some insects.

ISLE
Isle, v. t.

Defn: To cause to become an island, or like an island; to surround or
encompass; to island. [Poetic]
Isled in sudden seas of light. Tennyson.

ISLET
Is"let, n. Etym: [OF. islette (cf. F. îlot), dim. of isle.]

Defn: A little island.

-ISM
-ism. Etym: [F. -isme, or L. -ismus, Gr.

Defn: A suffix indicating an act, a process, the result of an act or
a process, a state; also, a characteristic (as a theory, doctrine,
idiom, etc.); as, baptism, galvanism, organism, hypnotism, socialism,
sensualism, Anglicism.

ISM
Ism, n. Etym: [See ism, above.]

Defn: A doctrine or theory; especially, a wild or visionary theory.
E. Everett.
The world grew light-headed, and forth came a spawn of isms which no
man can number. S. G. Goodrich.

ISMAELIAN; ISMAELITE
Is`ma*e"li*an, Is"ma*el*ite, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: One of a sect of Mohammedans who favored the pretensions of the
family of Mohammed ben Ismael, of the house Ali.

ISO-; IS-
I"so-, Is-.Etym: [Gr. 'i`sos equal.]

Defn: A prefix or combining form, indicating identity, or equality;
the same numerical value; as in isopod, isomorphous, isochromatic.
Specif.:
(a) (Chem.) Applied to certain compounds having the same composition
but different properties; as in isocyanic.
(b) (Organic Chem.) Applied to compounds of certain isomeric series
in whose structure one carbon atom, at least, is connected with three
other carbon atoms; -- contrasted with neo- and normal; as in
isoparaffine; isopentane.

ISOBAR
I"so*bar, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A line connecting or marking places upon the surface of the
earth where height of the barometer reduced to sea level is the same
either at a given time, or for a certain period (mean height), as for
a year; an isopiestic line. [Written also isobare.]

ISOBAR
I"so*bar, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being equal in weight, especially in
atmospheric pressure. Also, the theory, method, or application of
isobaric science.

ISOBARIC
I`so*bar"ic, a. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: Denoting equal pressure; as, an isobaric line; specifically, of
or pertaining to isobars.

ISOBARISM
I"so*bar*ism, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being equal in weight, especially in
atmospheric pressure. Also, the theory, method, or application of
isobaric science.

ISOBAROMETRIC
I`so*bar`o*met"ric, a. Etym: [Iso + barometric.] (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: Indicating equal barometric pressure.

ISOBATHYTHERM
I`so*bath"y*therm, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A line connecting the points on the surface of the earth where
a certain temperature is found at the same depth.

ISOBATHYTHERMIC
I`so*bath"y*ther"mic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an isobathytherm; possessing or indicating
the same temperature at the same depth.

ISOBRONT
I"so*bront (i"so*bront), n.  [Iso- + Gr. bronth` thunder.] (Meteor.)

Defn: An imaginary line, or a line on a chart, marking the
simultaneous development of a thunderstorm, as noted by observing the
time when the thunder is heard at different places.

ISOCEPHALISM
I`so*ceph"a*lism, n. Etym: [From Gr. Iso-, and Cephalon.] (Art)

Defn: A peculiarity in the design of bas-relief by which the heads of
human figures are kept at the same height from the ground, whether
the personages are seated, standing, or mounted on horseback; --
called also isokephaleia.

ISOCHASM
I"so*chasm, n. Etym: [Iso- + chasm.] (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A line connecting places on the earth's surface at which there
is the same mean frequency of auroras.

ISOCHASMIC
I`so*chas"mic, a.

Defn: Indicating equal auroral display; as, an isochasmic line.

ISOCHEIM
I"so*cheim, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A line connecting places on the earth having the same mean
winter temperature. Cf. Isothere.

ISOCHEIMAL; ISOCHIMAL
I`so*chei"mal, I`so*chi"mal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, having the nature of, or making, isocheims; as,
an isocheimal line; an isocheimal chart.

ISOCHEIMENAL; ISOCHIMENAL
I`so*chei"me*nal, I`so*chi"me*nal a.

Defn: The same as Isocheimal.

ISOCHEIMIC
I`so*chei"mic, a.

Defn: The same as Isocheimal.

ISOCHIMENE
I`so*chi"mene, n.

Defn: The same as Isocheim.

ISOCHOR
I"so*chor, n.  [Iso- + Gr. xhw`ra space.] (Physics)

Defn: A line upon a thermodynamic diagram so drawn as to represent
the pressures corresponding to changes of temperature when the volume
of the gas operated on is constant. -- I`so*chor"ic (#), a.

ISOCHROMATIC
I`so*chro*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + chromatic.] (Opt.)

Defn: Having the same color; connecting parts having the same color,
as lines drawn through certain points in experiments on the chromatic
effects of polarized light in crystals.

ISOCHRONAL
I*soch"ro*nal, a. Etym: [See Isochronous.]

Defn: Uniform in time; of equal time; performed in equal times;
recurring at regular intervals; isochronal vibrations or
oscillations.

ISOCHRONIC
I`so*chron"ic, a.

Defn: Isochronal.

ISOCHRONISM
I*soch"ro*nism, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being isochronous.

ISOCHRONIZE
I*soch"ro*nize, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. -nized; p. pr. & vb. n. -
nizing.] [See Isochronous.]

Defn: To make, or tend to make (the motion of a moving body), uniform
in rate of rotation, or in frequency of vibration.

ISOCHRONON
I*soch"ro*non, n. Etym: [NL. See Isochronous.]

Defn: A clock that is designed to keep very accurate time.

ISOCHRONOUS
I*soch"ro*nous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Same as Isochronal.

ISOCHROOUS
I*soch"ro*ous, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr.

Defn: Having the same tint or color throughout; uniformly or evenly
colored.

ISOCLINAL; ISOCLINIC
I`so*cli"nal, I`so*clin"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or indicating, equality of inclination or
dip; having equal inclination or dip. Isoclinal lines (Magnetism),
lines on the earth's surface connecting places at which a dipping
needle indicates the same inclination or dip.

ISOCRYMAL
I`so*cry"mal, a. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: Pertaining to, having the nature of, or illustrating, an
isocryme; as, an isocrymal line; an isocrymal chart.

ISOCRYME
I"so*cryme, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A line connecting points on the earth's surface having the same
mean temperature in the coldest month of the year.

ISOCRYMIC
I`so*crym"ic, a.

Defn: Isocrymal.

ISOCYANIC
I`so*cy*an"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + cyanic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Designating an acid isomeric with cyanic acid. Isocyanic acid,
an acid metameric with cyanic acid, and resembling it in its salts.
It is obtained as a colorless, mobile, unstable liquid by the heating
cyanuric acid. Called technically carbimide.

ISOCYANURIC
I`so*cy`a*nu"ric, a. Etym: [Iso- + cyanuric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, an acid isomeric with cyanuric
acid, and called also fulminuric acid. See under Fulminuric.

ISODIABATIC
I`so*di`a*bat"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Physics)

Defn: Pertaining to the reception or the giving out of equal
quantities of heat by a substance. Rankine. Isodiabatic lines or
curves, a pair of lines or curves exhibiting, on a diagram of energy,
the law of variation of the pressure and density of a fluid, the one
during the lowering, and the other during the raising, of its
temperature, when the quantity of heat given out by the fluid during
any given stage of the one process is equal to the quantity received
during the corresponding stage of the other. Such lines are said to
be isodiabatic with respect to each other. Compare Adiabatic.

ISODIAMETRIC
I`so*di`a*met"ric, a. Etym: [Iso- + diametric.]

1. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Developed alike in the directions of the several lateral axes;
-- said of crystals of both the tetragonal and hexagonal systems.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the several diameters nearly equal; -- said of the cells
of ordinary parenchyma.

ISODIMORPHIC
I`so*di*mor"phic, a. Etym: [Iso- + dimorphic.]

Defn: Isodimorphous.

ISODIMORPHISM
I`so*di*mor"phism, n.

Defn: Isomorphism between the two forms severally of two dimorphous
substances.

ISODIMORPHOUS
I`so*di*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Iso- + dimorphous.]

Defn: Having the quality of isodimorphism.

ISODROME
I"so*drome, n.  [Iso- + Gr.  course.] (Nav.)

Defn: A method of moving a fleet from one formation to another, the
direction usually being changed eight points (90º), by means of paths
of equal length for each ship. It is prohibited in the United States
navy.

ISODULCITE
I`so*dul"cite, n. Etym: [Iso- + dulcite.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline, sugarlike substance, obtained by the
decomposition of certain glucosides, and intermediate in nature
between the hexacid alcohols (ductile, mannite, etc.) and the
glucoses.

ISODYNAMIC
I`so*dy*nam"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + dynamic.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, having, or denoting, equality of force.
Isodynamic foods (Physiol.), those foods that produce a similar
amount of heat.
 -- Isodynamic lines (Magnetism), lines on the earth's surface
connecting places at which the magnetic intensity is the same.

ISODYNAMOUS
I`so*dy"na*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. Isodynamic.]

Defn: Of equal force or size.

ISOGEOTHERM
I`so*ge"o*therm, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. gh^ the earth + qe`rmh heat.]
(Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A line or curved surface passing beneath the earth's surface
through points having the same mean temperature.

ISOGEOTHERMAL; ISOGEOTHERMIC
I`so*ge`o*ther"mal, I`so*ge`o*ther"mic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, having the nature of, or marking, isogeotherms;
as, an isogeothermal line or surface; as isogeothermal chart.
 -- n.

Defn: An isogeotherm.

ISOGONIC
I`so*gon"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to, or noting, equal angles. Isogonic lines
(Magnetism), lines traced on the surface of the globe, or upon a
chart, connecting places at which the deviation of the magnetic
needle from the meridian or true north is the same.

ISOGONIC
I`so*gon"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Characterized by isogonism.

ISOGONISM
I*sog"o*nism, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The quality of having similar sexual zooids or gonophores and
dissimilar hydrants; -- said of certain hydroids.

ISOGRAPHIC
I`so*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to isography.

ISOGRAPHY
I*sog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Iso- + -graphy.]

Defn: Imitation of another's handwriting,

ISOHYETOSE
I`so*hy"e*tose`, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. "yeto`s rain.] (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to lines connecting places on the earth's
surface which have a mean annual rainfall.
 -- n.

Defn: An isohyetose line.

ISOLABLE
I"so*la*ble, a. Etym: [See Isolate.] (Chem.)

Defn: Capable of being isolated, or of being obtained in a pure
state; as, gold is isolable.

ISOLATE
I"so*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Isolated; p. pr. & vb. n. Isolating.]
Etym: [It. isolato, p. p. of isolare to isolate, fr. isola island, L.
insula. See 2d Isle, and cf. Insulate.]

1. To place in a detached situation; to place by itself or alone; to
insulate; to separate from others.
Short isolated sentences were the mode in which ancient wisdom
delighted to convey its precepts. Bp. Warburton.

2. (Elec.)

Defn: To insulate. See Insulate.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: To separate from all foreign substances; to make pure; to
obtain in a free state.

ISOLATED
I"so*la`ted, a.

Defn: Placed or standing alone; detached; separated from others.
Isolated point of a curve. (Geom.) See Acnode.

ISOLATEDLY
I"so*la`ted*ly, adv.

Defn: In an isolated manner.

ISOLATION
I`so*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. isolation.]

Defn: The act of isolating, or the state of being isolated;
insulation; separation; loneliness. Milman.

ISOLATOR
I"so*la`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, isolates.

ISOLOGOUS
I*sol"o*gous, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Having similar proportions, similar relations, or similar
differences of composition; -- said specifically of groups or series
which differ by a constant difference; as, ethane, ethylene, an
acetylene, or their analogous compounds, form an isologous series.

ISOMER
I"so*mer, n. Etym: [See Isomeric.] (Chem.)

Defn: A body or compound which is isomeric with another body or
compound; a member of an isomeric series.

ISOMERE
I"so*mere, n. [Iso- + -mere.] (Zoöl.)

1. A homologous or corresponding part or segment.

2.  (Chem.) = Isomer.

ISOMERIC
I`so*mer"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. isomérique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having the same percentage composition; -- said of two or more
different substances which contain the same ingredients in the same
proportions by weight, often used with with. Specif.: (a) Polymeric;
i. e., having the same elements united in the same proportion by
weight, but with different molecular weights; as, acetylene and
benzine are isomeric (polymeric) with each other in this sense. See
Polymeric. (b) Metameric; i. e., having the same elements united in
the same proportions by weight, and with the same molecular weight,
but which a different structure or arrangement of the ultimate parts;
as, ethyl alcohol and methyl ether are isomeric (metameric) with each
other in this sense. See Metameric.

ISOMERIDE
I*som"er*ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An isomer. [R.]

ISOMERISM
I*som"er*ism, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The state, quality, or relation, of two or more isomeric
substances. Physical isomerism (Chem.), the condition or relation of
certain (metameric) substances, which, while chemically identical (in
that they have the same composition, the same molecular weights, and
the same ultimate constitution), are yet physically different, as in
their action on polarized light, as dextro- and lævo-tartaric acids.
In such compounds there is usually at least one unsymmetrical carbon
atom. See Unsymmetrical.

ISOMEROMORPHISM
I`so*mer`o*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Isomer + Gr. ism.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: Isomorphism between substances that are isomeric.

ISOMETRIC; ISOMETRICAL
I`so*met"ric, I`so*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr.

1. Pertaining to, or characterized by, equality of measure.

2. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Noting, or conforming to, that system of crystallization in
which the three axes are of equal length and at right angles to each
other; monometric; regular; cubic. Cf. Crystallization. Isometric
lines (Thermodynamics), lines representing in a diagram the relations
of pressure and temperature in a gas, when the volume remains
constant.
 -- Isometrical perspective. See under Perspective.
 -- Isometrical projection, a species of orthographic projection, in
which but a single plane of projection is used. It is so named from
the fact that the projections of three equal lines, parallel
respectively to three rectangular axes, are equal to one another.
This kind of projection is principally used in delineating buildings
or machinery, in which the principal lines are parallel to three
rectangular axes, and the principal planes are parallel to three
rectangular planes passing through the three axes.

ISOMORPH
I"so*morph, n. Etym: [See Isomorphous.]

Defn: A substance which is similar to another in crystalline form and
composition.

ISOMORPHIC
I`so*mor"phic, a.

Defn: Isomorphous.

ISOMORPHISM
I`so*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. isomorphisme.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A similarity of crystalline form between substances of similar
composition, as between the sulphates of barium (BaSO4) and strontium
(SrSO4). It is sometimes extended to include similarity of form
between substances of unlike composition, which is more properly
called homoeomorphism.

ISOMORPHOUS
I`so*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Iso- + -morphous.]

Defn: Having the quality of isomorphism.

ISONANDRA
I`so*nan"dra, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of sapotaceous trees of India. Isonandra Gutta is the
principal source of gutta-percha.

ISONEPHELIC
I`so*ne*phel"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: Having, or indicating, an equal amount of cloudiness for a
given period; as, isonephelic regions; an isonephelic line.

ISONICOTINE
I`so*nic"o*tine, n. Etym: [Iso- + nicotine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline, nitrogenous base, C10H14N2, isomeric with
nicotine.

ISONICOTINIC
I`so*nic`o*tin"ic, a. (Chem.)
(a) Pertaining to, or derived from, isonicotine.
(b) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid isomeric with nicotinic
acid.

ISONITROSO-
I`so*ni*tro"so-. Etym: [Iso- + nitroso-.] (Chem.)

Defn: A combining from (also used adjectively), signifying:
Pertaining to, or designating, the characteristic, nitrogenous
radical, NOH, called the isonitroso group.

ISONOMIC
I`so*nom"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The same, or equal, in law or right; one in kind or origin;
analogous; similar. Dana.

ISONOMY
I*son"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. isonomie. See Isonomic.]

Defn: Equal law or right; equal distribution of rights and
privileges; similarity.

ISOPATHY
I*sop"a*thy, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Med.)
(a) The system which undertakes to cure a disease by means of the
virus of the same disease.
(b) The theory of curing a diseased organ by eating the analogous
organ of a healthy animal. Mayne.
(c) The doctrine that the power of therapeutics is equal to that of
the causes of disease.

ISOPEPSIN
I`so*pep"sin, n. Etym: [Iso- + pepsin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Pepsin modified by exposure to a temperature of from 40º to 60º
C.

ISOPERIMETRICAL
I`so*per`i*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Gr. isopérimètre. See Perimeter.]
(Geom.)

Defn: Having equal perimeters of circumferences; as, isoperimetrical
figures or bodies.

ISOPERIMETRY
I`so*per*im"e*try, n. (Geom.)

Defn: The science of figures having equal perimeters or boundaries.

ISOPIESTIC
I`so*pi*es"tic, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Thermodynamics)

Defn: Having equal pressure. Isopiestic lines, lines showing, in a
diagram, the relations of temperature and volume, when the elastic
force is constant; -- called also isobars.

ISOPLEURA
I`so*pleu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Iso-, and Pleura.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A subclass of Gastropoda, in which the body is symmetrical, the
right and left sides being equal.

Note: The intestine terminates at the posterior end of the body, and
the gills and circulatory and reproductive organs are paired. It
includes the chitons (Polyplacophora), together with Neomenia and
Chætoderma, which are wormlike forms without a shell.

ISOPOD
I"so*pod, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the legs similar in structure; belonging to the Isopoda.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Isopoda.

ISOPODA
I*sop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Iso-, and -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of sessile-eyed Crustacea, usually having seven pairs
of legs, which are all similar in structure.

Note: The body is usually depressed, with the abdominal segments
short, and often consolidated in part. The branchiæ are on the
abdominal appendages. The group includes the terrestrial pill bugs
and sow bugs, with numerous marine forms. See Arthrostrata, Gribble.

ISOPODIFORM
I`so*pod"i*form, a. Etym: [Isopod + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the shape of an isopod; -- said of the larvæ of certain
insects.

ISOPODOUS
I*sop"o*dous, a.

Defn: Same as Isopod.

ISOPOGONOUS
I`so*pog"o*nous, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the two webs equal in breath; -- said of feathers.

ISOPRENE
I"so*prene, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oily, volatile hydrocarbon, obtained by the distillation of
caoutchouc or guttaipercha.C5H8 -- unsaturated, and used to make
synthetic rubber by polymerization. In organic chemistry, viewed
conceptually as the building block of the terpene series of
hydrocarbons

ISOPYCNIC
I`so*pyc"nic, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. pykno`s dense.] (Physics)

Defn: Having equal density, as different regions of a medium; passing
through points at which the density is equal; as, an isopycnic line
or surface.

ISOPYCNIC
I`so*pyc"nic, n. (Physics)

Defn: A line or surface passing through those points in a medium, at
which the density is the same.

ISORCIN
I*sor"cin, n. Etym: [Iso- + orcin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline hydrocarbon derivative, metameric with orcin, but
produced artificially; -- called also cresorcin.

ISORROPIC
I`sor*rop"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. 'iso`rropos in equipoise; 'i`sos equal +
"roph` downward inclination or momentum.]

Defn: Of equal value. Isorropic line (in a diagram) (Geom.), the
locus of all the points for which a specified function has a constant
value. Newcomb.

ISOSCELES
I*sos"ce*les, a. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. 'i`sos equal + (Geom.)

Defn: Having two legs or sides that are equal; -- said of a triangle.

ISOSPONDYLI
I`so*spon"dy*li, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. 'i`sos equal + (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive order of fishes, including the salmons, herrings,
and many allied forms.

ISOSPONDYLOUS
I`so*spon"dy*lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Isospondyli; having the anterior
vertebræ separate and normal.

ISOSPORE
I"so*spore, n. (Biol.)
 (a) One of the spores produced by an isosporous organism.
 (b) A zygospore.

ISOSPORIC
I`so*spor"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Producing but one kind of spore, as the ferns and Equiseta. Cf.
Heterosporic.

ISOSPOROUS
I*sos"po*rous, a.  [Iso- + Gr.  fruit.] (Biol.)

Defn: Producing but one kind of spore, as the ferns.

ISOSTASY
I*sos"ta*sy, n. [See Iso-; Stasis.]

Defn: The state or quality of being isostatic. Specif. (Geol.),

Defn: general equilibrium in the earth's crust, supposed to be
maintained by the yielding or flow of rock material beneath the
surface under gravitative stress. By the theory of isostasy each unit
column of the earth, from surface to center, has approximately the
same weight, and the continents stand higher than the ocean beds
chiefly because the material of the crust has there less density.

ISOSTATIC
I`so*stat"ic, a.  [Iso- + static.] (Physics & Geol.)

Defn: Subjected to equal pressure from every side; being in
hydrostatic equilibrium, as a body submerged in a liquid at rest;
pertaining to, or characterized by, isostasy.

ISOSTEMONOUS
I`so*stem"o*nous, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having exactly as many stamens as petals.

ISOSTEMONY
I`so*stem"o*ny, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The quality or state of being isostemonous.

ISOSULPHOCYANATE
I`so*sul`pho*cy"a*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of isosulphocyanic acid.

ISOSULPHOCYANIC
I`so*sul`pho*cy*an"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, HNCS, isomeric with
sulphocyanic acid.

ISOTHERAL
I*soth"er*al, a.

Defn: Having the nature of an isothere; indicating the distribution
of temperature by means of an isothere; as, an isotheral chart or
line.

ISOTHERE
I"so*there, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A line connecting points on the earth's surface having the same
mean summer temperature.

ISOTHERM
I"so*therm, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A line connecting or marking points on the earth's surface
having the same temperature. This may be the temperature for a given
time of observation, or the mean temperature for a year or other
period. Also, a similar line based on the distribution of temperature
in the ocean.

ISOTHERMAL
I`so*ther"mal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. isotherme.]
(a) Relating to equality of temperature.
(b) (Phys. Geog.) Having reference to the geographical distribution
of temperature, as exhibited by means of isotherms; as, an isothermal
line; an isothermal chart. Isothermal line. (a) An isotherm. (b) A
line drawn on a diagram of energy such that its ordinates represent
the pressures of a substance corresponding to various volumes, while
the absolute temperature is maintained at a constant value.
 -- Isothermal zones, spaces on opposite sides of the equator having
the same mean temperature, and bounded by corresponding isothermal
lines.

ISOTHERMOBATH
I`so*ther"mo*bath, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog)

Defn: A line drawn through points of equal temperature in a vertical
section of the ocean.

ISOTHERMOBATHIC
I`so*ther`mo*bath"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an isothermobath; possessing or indicating
equal temperatures in a vertical section, as of the ocean.

ISOTHEROMBROSE
I*soth`er*om"brose, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. qe`ros summer + 'o`mbros
rain.] (Phys. Geog)

Defn: A line connecting or marking points on the earth's surface,
which have the same mean summer rainfall.

ISOTONIC
I`so*ton"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + tonic.]

Defn: Having or indicating, equal tones, or tension. Isotonic system
(Mus.), a system consisting of intervals, in which each concord is
alike tempered, and in which there are twelve equal semitones.

ISOTRIMORPHIC
I`so*tri*mor"phic, a.

Defn: Isotrimorphous.

ISOTRIMORPHISM
I`so*tri*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr.

Defn: Isomorphism between the three forms, severally, of two
trimorphous substances.

ISOTRIMORPHOUS
I`so*tri*mor"phous, a.

Defn: Having the quality of isotrimorphism; isotrimorphic.

ISOTROPIC
I`so*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Physics)

Defn: Having the same properties in all directions; specifically,
equally elastic in all directions.

ISOTROPISM
I*sot"ro*pism, n.

Defn: Isotropy.

ISOTROPOUS
I*sot"ro*pous, a.

Defn: Isotropic.

ISOTROPY
I*sot"ro*py, n. (Physics)

Defn: Uniformity of physical properties in all directions in a body;
absence of all kinds of polarity; specifically, equal elasticity in
all directions.

ISOURIC
I`so*u"ric, a. Etym: [Iso- + uric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid,
isomeric with uric acid.

ISRAELITE
Is"ra*el*ite, n. Etym: [L. Israëlites, Gr. Yisra, i. e., champion of
God; sarah to fight + God.]

Defn: A descendant of Israel, or Jacob; a Hebrew; a Jew.

ISRAELITIC; ISRAELITISH
Is`ra*el*it"ic, Is"ra*el*i`tish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Israel, or to the Israelites; Jewish;
Hebrew.

ISSUABLE
Is"su*a*ble, a. Etym: [From Issue.]

1. Leading to, producing, or relating to, an issue; capable of being
made an issue at law. Burrill.

2. Lawful or suitable to be issued; as, a writ issuable on these
grounds. Issuable plea (Law), a plea to the merits, on which the
adverse party may take issue and proceed to trial.

ISSUABLY
Is"su*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an issuable manner; by way of issue; as, to plead issuably.

ISSUANCE
Is"su*ance, n.

Defn: The act of issuing, or giving out; as, the issuance of an
order; the issuance of rations, and the like.

ISSUANT
Is"su*ant, a. (Her.)

Defn: Issuing or coming up; -- a term used to express a charge or
bearing rising or coming out of another.

ISSUE
Is"sue, n. Etym: [OF. issue, eissue, F. issue, fr. OF. issir, eissir,
to go out, L. exire; ex out of, from + ire to go, akin to Gr. i.,
Goth. iddja went, used as prefect of gaggan to go. Cf. Ambition,
Count a nobleman, Commence, Errant, Exit, Eyre, Initial, Yede went.]

1. The act of passing or flowing out; a moving out from any inclosed
place; egress; as, the issue of water from a pipe, of blood from a
wound, of air from a bellows, of people from a house.

2. The act of sending out, or causing to go forth; delivery;
issuance; as, the issue of an order from a commanding officer; the
issue of money from a treasury.

3. That which passes, flows, or is sent out; the whole quantity sent
forth or emitted at one time; as, an issue of bank notes; the daily
issue of a newspaper.

4. Progeny; a child or children; offspring. In law, sometimes, in a
general sense, all persons descended from a common ancestor; all
lineal descendants.
If the king Should without issue die. Shak.

5. Produce of the earth, or profits of land, tenements, or other
property; as, A conveyed to B all his right for a term of years, with
all the issues, rents, and profits.

6. A discharge of flux, as of blood. Matt. ix. 20.

7. (Med.)

Defn: An artificial ulcer, usually made in the fleshy part of the arm
or leg, to produce the secretion and discharge of pus for the relief
of some affected part.

8. The final outcome or result; upshot; conclusion; event; hence,
contest; test; trial.
Come forth to view The issue of the exploit. Shak.
While it is hot, I 'll put it to the issue. Shak.

9. A point in debate or controversy on which the parties take
affirmative and negative positions; a presentation of alternatives
between which to choose or decide.

10. (Law)

Defn: In pleading, a single material point of law or fact depending
in the suit, which, being affirmed on the one side and denied on the
other, is presented for determination. See General issue, under
General, and Feigned issue, under Feigned. Blount. Cowell. At issue,
in controversy; disputed; opposing or contesting; hence, at variance;
disagreeing; inconsistent.
As much at issue with the summer day As if you brought a candle out
of doors. Mrs. Browning.
-- Bank of issue, Collateral issue, etc. See under Bank, Collateral,
etc.
 -- Issue pea, a pea, or a similar round body, used to maintain
irritation in a wound, and promote the secretion and discharge of
pus.
 -- To join, or take, issue, to take opposing sides in a matter in
controversy.

ISSUE
Is"sue, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Issued; p. pr. & vb. n. Issuing.]

1. To pass or flow out; to run out, as from any inclosed place.
From it issued forced drops of blood. Shak.

2. To go out; to rush out; to sally forth; as, troops issued from the
town, and attacked the besiegers.

3. To proceed, as from a source; as, water issues from springs; light
issues from the sun.

4. To proceed, as progeny; to be derived; to be descended; to spring.
Of thy sons that shall issue from thee. 2 Kings xx. 18.

5. To extend; to pass or open; as, the path issues into the highway.

6. To be produced as an effect or result; to grow or accrue; to
arise; to proceed; as, rents and profits issuing from land,
tenements, or a capital stock.

7. To close; to end; to terminate; to turn out; as, we know not how
the cause will issue.

8. (Law)

Defn: In pleading, to come to a point in fact or law, on which the
parties join issue.

ISSUE
Is"sue, v. t.

1. To send out; to put into circulation; as, to issue notes from a
bank.

2. To deliver for use; as, to issue provisions.

3. To send out officially; to deliver by authority; as, to issue an
order; to issue a writ.

ISSUELESS
Is"sue*less, a.

Defn: Having no issue or progeny; childless. "The heavens . . . have
left me issueless." Shak.

ISSUER
Is"su*er, n.

Defn: One who issues, emits, or publishes.

-IST
-ist. Etym: [Gr. iste.]

Defn: A noun suffix denoting an agent, or doer, one who practices, a
believer in; as, theorist, one who theorizes; socialist, one who
holds to socialism; sensualist, one given to sensuality.

IS'T
Is't.

Defn: A contraction of is it.

ISTHMIAN
Isth"mi*an, a. Etym: [L. Isthmius, Gr. Isthmus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an isthmus, especially to the Isthmus of
Corinth, in Greece. Isthmian games (Gr. Antiq.), one of the four
great national festivals of Greece, celebrated on the Isthmus of
Corinth in the spring of every alternate year. They consisted of all
kinds of athletic sports, wrestling, boxing, racing on foot and in
chariots, and also contests in music and poetry. The prize was a
garland of pine leaves.

ISTHMUS
Isth"mus, n.; pl. Isthmuses. Etym: [L. isthmus, Gr. 'isqmo`s a neck,
a neck of land between two seas, an isthmus, especially the Isthmus
of Corinth; prob. from the root of 'ie`nai to go; cf. Icel. eiedh
isthmus. See Issue.] (Geog.)

Defn: A neck or narrow slip of land by which two continents are
connected, or by which a peninsula is united to the mainland; as, the
Isthmus of Panama; the Isthmus of Suez, etc. Isthmus of the fauces.
(Anat.) See Fauces.

ISTLE
Is"tle, n.

Defn: Same as Ixtle.

ISURET
I*su"ret, n. Etym: [Iso- + urea.] (Chem.)

Defn: An artificial nitrogenous base, isomeric with urea, and forming
a white crystalline substance; -- called also isuretine.

IT
It, pron. Etym: [OE. it, hit, AS. hit; cf. D. het. sq. root181. See
He.]

Defn: The neuter pronoun of the third person, corresponding to the
masculine pronoun he and the feminine she, and having the same plural
(they, their of theirs, them).

Note: The possessive form its is modern, being rarely found in the
writings of Shakespeare and Milton, and not at all in the original
King James's version of the Bible. During the transition from the
regular his to the anomalous its, it was to some extent employed in
the possessive without the case ending. See His, and He. In Dryden's
time its had become quite established as the regular form.
The day present hath ever inough to do with it owne grief. Genevan
Test.
Do, child, go to it grandam, child. Shak.
It knighthood shall do worse. It shall fright all it friends with
borrowing letters. B. Jonson.

Note: In the course of time, the nature of the neuter sign i in it,
the form being found in but a few words, became misunderstood.
Instead of being looked upon as an affix, it passed for part of the
original word. Hence was formed from it the anomalous genitive it,
superseding the Saxon his. Latham.
The fruit tree yielding fruit after his (its) kind. Gen. i. 11.
It is used, --

1. As a substance for any noun of the neuter gender; as, here is the
book, take it home.

2. As a demonstrative, especially at the beginning of a sentence,
pointing to that which is about to be stated, named, or mentioned, or
referring to that which apparent or well known; as, I saw it was
John.
It is I; be not afraid. Matt. xiv. 27.
Peter heard that it was the Lord. John xxi. 7.
Often, in such cases, as a substitute for a sentence or clause; as,
it is thought he will come; it is wrong to do this.

3. As an indefinite nominative for a impersonal verb; as, it snows;
it rains.

4. As a substitute for such general terms as, the state of affairs,
the condition of things, and the like; as, how is it with the sick
man
Think on me when it shall be well with thee. Gen. xl. 14.

5. As an indefinite object after some intransitive verbs, or after a
substantive used humorously as a verb; as, to foot it (i. e., to
walk).
The Lacedemonians, at the Straits of Thermopylæ, when their arms
failed them, fought it out with nails and teeth. Dryden.
Whether the charmer sinner it, or saint it, If folly grows romantic,
I must paint it. Pope.
Its self. See Itself.

ITACISM
I"ta*cism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. itacisme. See Etacism, and cf. Iotacism.]
(Greek Gram.)

Defn: Pronunciation of e in the English word be. This was the
pronunciation advocated by ReuEtacism.
In all such questions between a the confusing element of itacism
comes in. Alford.

ITACIST
I"ta*cist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. itaciste.]

Defn: One who is in favor of itacism.

ITACOLUMITE
It`a*col"u*mite, n. Etym: [From Itacolumi, a mountain of Brazil.]
(Min.)

Defn: A laminated, granular, siliceous rocks, often occurring in
regions where the diamond is found.

ITACONIC
It`a*con"ic, a. Etym: [From aconitic, by transposition of the
letters.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C5H6O4, which is
obtained as a white crystalline substance by decomposing aconitic and
other organic acids.

ITALA
It"a*la, n. Etym: [Fem. of L. Italus Italian.]

Defn: An early Latin version of the Scriptures (the Old Testament was
translated from the Septuagint, and was also called the Italic
version).

ITALIAN
I*tal"ian, a. Etym: [Cf. F. italien, It. italiano. Cf. Italic.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Italy, or to its people or language.
Italian cloth a light material of cotton and worsted; -- called also
farmer's satin.
 -- Italian iron, a heater for fluting frills.
 -- Italian juice, Calabrian liquorice.

ITALIAN
I*tal"ian, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Italy.

2. The language used in Italy, or by the Italians.

ITALIANATE
I*tal"ian*ate, v. t. Etym: [Cf. It. italianare.]

Defn: To render Italian, or conformable to Italian customs; to
Italianize. [R.] Ascham.

ITALIANATE
I*tal"ian*ate, a.

Defn: Italianized; Italianated. "Apish, childish, and Italianate."
Marlowe.

ITALIANISM
I*tal"ian*ism, n.

1. A word, phrase, or idiom, peculiar to the Italians; an Italicism.

2. Attachment to, or sympathy for, Italy.

ITALIANIZE
I*tal"ian*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Italianized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Italianizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. italianiser, It. italianizzare.]

1. To play the Italian; to speak Italian. Cotgrave.

2. To render Italian in any respect; to Italianate. "An Englishman
Italianized." Lowell.

ITALIC
I*tal"ic, a. Etym: [L. Italicus: cf. F. italique. Cf. Italian.]

1. Relating to Italy or to its people.

2. Applied especially to a kind of type in which the letters do not
stand upright, but slope toward the right; -- so called because
dedicated to the States of Italy by the inventor, Aldus Manutius,
about the year 1500. Italic languages, the group or family of
languages of ancient Italy.
 -- Italic order (Arch.), the composite order. See Composite.
 -- Italic school, a term given to the Pythagorean and Eleatic
philosophers, from the country where their doctrines were first
promulgated.
 -- Italic version. See Itala.

ITALIC
I*tal"ic, n.; pl. Italics (. (Print.)

Defn: An Italic letter, character, or type (see Italic, a., 2.); --
often in the plural; as, the Italics are the author's. Italic letters
are used to distinguish words for emphasis, importance, antithesis,
etc. Also, collectively, Italic letters.

ITALICISM
I*tal"i*cism, n.

1. A phrase or idiom peculiar to the Italian language; to Italianism.

2. The use of Italics.

ITALICIZE
I*tal"i*cize, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Italicized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Italicizing.]

Defn: To print in Italic characters; to underline written letters or
words with a single line; as, to Italicize a word; Italicizes too
much.

ITA PALM
I"ta palm`. (Bot.)

Defn: A magnificent species of palm (Mauritia flexuosa), growing near
the Orinoco. The natives eat its fruit and buds, drink its sap, and
make thread and cord from its fiber.

ITCH
Itch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Itched; p. pr. & vb. n. Itching.] Etym:
[OE. icchen, , AS. giccan; akin to D. jeuken, joken, G. jucken, OHG.
jucchen.]

1. To have an uneasy sensation in the skin, which inclines the person
to scratch the part affected.
My mouth hath itched all this long day. Chaucer.

2. To have a constant desire or teasing uneasiness; to long for; as,
itching ears. "An itching palm." Shak.

ITCH
Itch, n.

1. (Med.)

Defn: An eruption of small, isolated, acuminated vesicles, produced
by the entrance of a parasitic mite (the Sarcoptes scabei), and
attended with itching. It is transmissible by contact.

2. Any itching eruption.

3. A sensation in the skin occasioned (or resembling that occasioned)
by the itch eruption; -- called also scabies, psora, etc.

4. A constant irritating desire.
An itch of being thought a divine king. Dryden.
Baker's itch. See under Baker.
 -- Barber's itch, sycosis.
 -- Bricklayer's itch, an eczema of the hands attended with much
itching, occurring among bricklayers.
 -- Grocer's itch, an itching eruption, being a variety of eczema,
produced by the sugar mite (Tyrogluphus sacchari).
 -- Itch insect (Zoöl.), a small parasitic mite (Sarcoptes scabei)
which burrows and breeds beneath the human skin, thus causing the
disease known as the itch. See Illust. in Append.
 -- Itch mite. (Zoöl.) Same as Itch insect, above. Also, other
similar mites affecting the lower animals, as the horse and ox.
 -- Sugar baker's itch, a variety of eczema, due to the action of
sugar upon the skin.
 -- Washerwoman's itch, eczema of the hands and arms, occurring among
washerwomen.

ITCHINESS
Itch"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being itchy.

ITCHLESS
Itch"less, a.

Defn: Free from itching.

ITCHY
Itch"y, a.

Defn: Infected with the itch, or with an itching sensation. Cowper.

-ITE
-ite. Etym: [From Gr.

1. A suffix denoting one of a party, a sympathizer with or adherent
of, and the like, and frequently used in ridicule; as, a Millerite; a
Benthamite.

2. A suffix used in naming minerals; as, chlorite, from its
characteristic green color; barite, from its heaviness; graphite,
from its use in writing.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: A suffix used to denote the salts formed from those acids whose
names end in -ous; as, sulphite, from sulphurous; nitrite, from
nitrous acid, etc.

ITEM
I"tem, adv. Etym: [L. See Iterate.]

Defn: Also; as an additional article.

ITEM
I"tem, n. Etym: [From Item, adv.]

1. An article; a separate particular in an account; as, the items in
a bill.

2. A hint; an innuendo. [Obs.]
A secret item was given to some of the bishops . . . to absent
themselves. Fuller.

3. A short article in a newspaper; a paragraph; as, an item
concerning the weather.

ITEM
I"tem, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Itemed; p. pr. & vb. n. Iteming.]

Defn: To make a note or memorandum of.
I have itemed it in my memory. Addison.

ITEMIZE
I"tem*ize, v. t.

Defn: To state in items, or by particulars; as, to itemize the cost
of a railroad. [Local, U. S.]

ITER
I"ter, n. Etym: [L. See Eyre.] (Anat.)

Defn: A passage; esp., the passage between the third and fourth
ventricles in the brain; the aqueduct of Sylvius.

ITERABLE
It"er*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. iterabilis. See Iterate.]

Defn: Capable of being iterated or repeated. [Obs.]

ITERANCE
It"er*ance, n.

Defn: Iteration. [Obs.]

ITERANT
It"er*ant, a. Etym: [L. iterans, p. pr. of iterare.]

Defn: Repeating; iterating; as, an iterant echo. Bacon.

ITERATE
It"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. iteratus, p. p. of iterare to repeat, fr.
iterum again, prop. a compar. from the stem of is he, that; cf. L.
ita so, item likewise, also, Skr. itara other, iti thus. Cf.
Identity, Item.]

Defn: Uttered or done again; repeated. [Obs.] Bp. Gardiner.

ITERATE
It"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Iterated; p. pr. & vb. n. Iterating.]

Defn: To utter or do a second time or many times; to repeat; as, to
iterate advice.
Nor Eve to iterate Her former trespass feared. Milton.

ITERATE
It"er*ate, adv.

Defn: By way of iteration.

ITERATION
It`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. iteratio.]

Defn: Recital or performance a second time; repetition. Bacon.
What needs this iteration, woman Shak.

ITERATIVE
It"er*a*tive, a. Etym: [L. iterativus: cf. F. itératif.]

Defn: Repeating. Cotgrave.
 -- It"er*a*tive*ly, adv.

ITHYPHALLIC
Ith`y*phal"lic, a. Etym: [L. ithyphallicus, fr. ithyphallus, Gr.
membrum virile erectum, or a figure thereof carried in the festivals
of Bacchus.]

Defn: Lustful; lewd; salacious; indecent; obscene.

ITINERACY
I*tin"er*a*cy, n.

Defn: The act or practice of itinerating; itinerancy.

ITINERANCY
I*tin"er*an*cy, n. Etym: [See Itinerant.]

1. A passing from place to place. Dr. H. More.

2. A discharge of official duty involving frequent change of
residence; the custom or practice of discharging official duty in
this way; also, a body of persons who thus discharge official duty.

ITINERANT
I*tin"er*ant, a. Etym: [LL. itinerans, -antis, p. pr. of itinerare to
make a journey, fr. L. iter, itineris, a walk, way, journey. See
Errant, Issue.]

Defn: Passing or traveling about a country; going or preaching on a
circuit; wandering; not settled; as, an itinerant preacher; an
itinerant peddler.
The king's own courts were then itinerant, being kept in the king's
palace, and removing with his household in those royal progresses
which he continually made. Blackstone.

ITINERANT
I*tin"er*ant, a.

Defn: One who travels from place to place, particularly a preacher;
one who is unsettled.
Glad to turn itinerant, To stroll and teach from town to town.
Hudibras.

ITINERANTLY
I*tin"er*ant*ly, adv.

Defn: In an itinerant manner.

ITINERARY
I*tin"er*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. itinerarius: cf. F. itinéraire. See
Itinerant.]

Defn: Itinerant; traveling; passing from place to place; done on a
journey.
It was rather an itinerary circuit of justice than a progress. Bacon.

ITINERARY
I*tin"er*a*ry, n.; pl. Itineraries. Etym: [L. itinerarium: cf. F.
itinéraire. See Itinerary, a.]

Defn: An account of travels, or a register of places and distances as
a guide to travelers; as, the Itinerary of Antoninus.

ITINERATE
I*tin"er*ate. v. i. [imp. & p. p. Itinerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Itinerating.] Etym: [LL. itineratus, p. p. of itinerari, itinerare.
See Itinerant.]

Defn: To wander without a settled habitation; to travel from place or
on a circuit, particularly for the purpose of preaching, lecturing,
etc.

-ITIS
-i"tis, Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A suffix used in medical terms to denote an inflammatory
disease of; as, arthritis; bronchitis, phrenitis.

ITS
Its.

Defn: Possessive form of the pronoun it. See It.

ITSELF
It*self", pron.

Defn: The neuter reciprocal pronoun of It; as, the thing is good in
itself; it stands by itself.
Borrowing of foreigners, in itself, makes not the kingdom rich or
poor. Locke.

ITTRIA
It"tri*a, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Yttria.

ITTRIUM
It"tri*um, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Yttrium.

ITZIBU
It"zi*bu, n. Etym: [Jap. ichibu.] (Numis.)

Defn: A silver coin of Japan, worth about thirty-four cents. [Written
also itzebu, ichebu, itcheboo, etc.]

IULIDAN
I*u"li*dan, n. Etym: [See Iulus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Iulidæ, a family of myriapods, of which the genus
Iulus is the type. See Iulus.

IULUS
I*u"lus, n. Etym: [L., down, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of chilognathous myriapods. The body is long and round,
consisting of numerous smooth, equal segments, each of which bears
two pairs of short legs. It includes the galleyworms. See
Chilognatha.

IVAN IVANOVITCH
I*van" I*van"o*vitch

Defn: . An ideal personification of the typical Russian or of the
Russian people; -- used as "John Bull" is used for the typical
Englishman.

I'VE
I've

Defn: . Colloquial contraction of I have.

-IVE
-ive. Etym: [L. -ivus.]

Defn: An adjective suffix signifying relating or belonging to, of the
nature of, tending to; as affirmative, active, conclusive,
corrective, diminutive.

IVIED
I"vied, a. Etym: [From Ivy.]

Defn: Overgrown with ivy.

IVORIDE
I"vo*ride, n.

Defn: A composition resembling ivory in appearance and used as a
substitute for it.

IVORY
I"vo*ry, n.; pl. Ivories. Etym: [OE. ivori, F. ivoire, fr. L. eboreus
made of ivory, fr. ebur, eboris, ivory, cf. Skr. ibha elephant. Cf.
Eburnean.]

1. The hard, white, opaque, fine-grained substance constituting the
tusks of the elephant. It is a variety of dentine, characterized by
the minuteness and close arrangement of the tubes, as also by their
double flexure. It is used in manufacturing articles of ornament or
utility.

Note: Ivory is the name commercially given not only to the substance
constituting the tusks of the elephant, but also to that of the tusks
of the hippopotamus and walrus, the hornlike tusk of the narwhal,
etc.

2. The tusks themselves of the elephant, etc.

3. Any carving executed in ivory. Mollett.

4. pl.

Defn: Teeth; as, to show one's ivories. [Slang] Ivory black. See
under Black, n.
 -- Ivory gull (Zoöl.), a white Arctic gull (Larus eburneus).
 -- Ivory nut (Bot.), the nut of a species of palm, the Phytephas
macroarpa, often as large as a hen's egg. When young the seed
contains a fluid, which gradually hardness into a whitish, close-
grained, albuminous substance, resembling the finest ivory in texture
and color, whence it is called vegetable ivory. It is wrought into
various articles, as buttons, chessmen, etc. The palm is found in New
Grenada. A smaller kind is the fruit of the Phytephas microarpa. The
nuts are known in commerce as Corosso nuts.
 -- Ivory palm (Bot.), the palm tree which produces ivory nuts.
 -- Ivory shell (Zoöl.), any species of Eburna, a genus of marine
gastropod shells, having a smooth surface, usually white with red or
brown spots.
 -- Vegetable ivory, the meat of the ivory nut. See Ivory nut
(above).

IVORY-BILL
I"vo*ry-bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, handsome, North American woodpecker (Campephilus
principalis), having a large, sharp, ivory-colored beak. Its general
color is glossy black, with white secondaries, and a white dorsal
stripe. The male has a large, scarlet crest. It is now rare, and
found only in the Gulf States.

IVORYTYPE
I"vo*ry*type`, n. (photog.)

Defn: A picture produced by superposing a very light print, rendered
translucent by varnish, and tinted upon the back, upon a stronger
print, so as to give the effect of a photograph in natural colors; --
called also hellenotype. Knight.

IVY
I"vy, n.; pl. Ivies. Etym: [AS. ifig; akin to OHG. ebawi, ebah, G.
epheu.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Hedera (H. helix), common in Europe. Its
leaves are evergreen, dark, smooth, shining, and mostly five-pointed;
the flowers yellowish and small; the berries black or yellow. The
stem clings to walls and trees by rootlike fibers.
Direct The clasping ivy where to climb. Milton.
Ye myrtles brown, with ivy never sere. Milton.
American ivy. (Bot.) See Virginia creeper.
 -- English ivy (Bot.), a popular name in America for the ivy proper
(Hedera helix).
 -- German ivy (Bot.), a creeping plant, with smooth, succulent
stems, and fleshy, light-green leaves; a species of Senecio (S.
scandens).
 -- Ground ivy. (Bot.) Gill (Nepeta Glechoma).
 -- Ivy bush. (Bot.) See Mountain laurel, under Mountain.
 -- Ivy owl (Zoöl.), the barn owl.
 -- Ivy tod (Bot.), the ivy plant. Tennyson.
 -- Japanese ivy (Bot.), a climbing plant (Ampelopsis tricuspidata),
closely related to the Virginia creeper.
 -- Poison ivy (Bot.), an American woody creeper (Rhus
Toxicodendron), with trifoliate leaves, and greenish-white berries.
It is exceedingly poisonous to the touch for most persons.
 -- To pipe in an ivy leaf, to console one's self as best one can.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- West Indian ivy, a climbing plant of the genus Marcgravia.

IVY-MANTLED
I"vy-man`tled, a.

Defn: Covered with ivy.

IWIS
I*wis", adv.

Defn: Indeed; truly. See Ywis. [Written also iwys, iwisse, etc.]
[Obs.] Ascham.

I. W. W.
I. W. W. (Abbrev.)

Defn: Industrial Workers of the World (the name of two American labor
organizations, one of which advocates syndicalism).

IXIA
Ix"i*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A South African bulbous plant of the Iris family, remarkable
for the brilliancy of its flowers.

IXODES
Ix*o"des, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of parasitic Acarina, which includes various species of
ticks. See Tick, the insect.

IXODIAN
Ix*o"di*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tick of the genus Ixodes, or the family Ixodidæ.

IXTLE; IXTLI
Ix"tle, Ix"tli, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A Mexican name for a variety of Agave rigida, which furnishes a
strong coarse fiber; also, the fiber itself, which is called also
pita, and Tampico fiber. [Written also istle.]

IXTLE; IXTIL
Ix"tle Ix"til, n.

Defn: The fine, soft fiber of the bromeliaceous plant Bromelia
sylvestris.

IZARD
Iz"ard, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of the chamois found in the Pyrenees.

-IZE
-ize. Etym: [F. -iser, L. -izare, Gr.

Defn: A verb suffix signifying to make, to do, to practice; as
apologize, baptize, theorize, tyrannize.

Note: In the case of certain words the spelling with -ise (after
analogy with F. -iser) is the usual form; as, catechise, criticise.
With regard to most words, however, which have this suffix there is a
diversity of usage, some authorities spelling -ise, others (as in
this book) -ize.

IZEDI
Iz"e*di, n.

Defn: One of an Oriental religious sect which worships Satan or the
Devil.
The Izedis or Yezdis, the so-called Devil worshipers, still remain a
numerous though oppressed people in Mesopotamia and adjacent
countries. Tylor.

IZEDISM
Iz"e*dism, n.

Defn: The religion of the Izedis.

IZZARD
Iz"zard, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Izard.

IZZARD
Iz"zard, n. Etym: [Formerly ezed, prob. fr. F. et zÉde and z.]

Defn: The letter z; -- formerly so called.

J

Defn: . J is the tenth letter of the English alphabet. It is a later
variant form of the Roman letter I, used to express a consonantal
sound, that is, originally, the sound of English y in yet. The forms
J and I have, until a recent time, been classed together, and they
have been used interchangeably.

Note: In medical prescriptions j is still used in place of i at the
end of a number, as a Roman numeral; as, vj, xij. J is etymologically
most closely related to i, y, g; as in jot, iota; jest, gesture;
join, jugular, yoke. See I. J is a compound vocal consonant, nearly
equivalent in sound to dzh. It is exactly the same as g in gem. See
Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 179, 211, 239.

JAAL GOAT
Jaal" goat`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of wild goat (Capra Nubiana) found in the mountains
of Abyssinia, Upper Egypt, and Arabia; -- called also beden, and
jaela.

JAB
Jab, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Job.]

Defn: To thrust; to stab; to punch. See Job, v. t. [Scot. & Colloq.
U. S.]

JAB
Jab, n.

Defn: A thrust or stab. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]

JABBER
Jab"ber, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jabbered; p. pr. & vb. n. Jabbering.]
Etym: [Cf. Gibber, Gabble.]

Defn: To talk rapidly, indistinctly, or unintelligibly; to utter
gibberish or nonsense; to chatter. Swift.

JABBER
Jab"ber, v. t.

Defn: To utter rapidly or indistinctly; to gabble; as, to jabber
French. Addison.

JABBER
Jab"ber, n.

Defn: Rapid or incoherent talk, with indistinct utterance; gibberish.
Swift.

JABBER
Jab"ber, n.

Defn: One who jabbers.

JABBERER
Jab"ber*er, n.

Defn: One who jabbers.

JABBERINGLY
Jab"ber*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a jabbering manner.

JABBERMENT
Jab"ber*ment, n.

Defn: Jabber. [R.] Milton.

JABBERNOWL
Jab"ber*nowl`, n.

Defn: Same as Jobbernowl.

JABIRU
Jab"i*ru, n. Etym: [Braz. jabirú, jaburú.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several large wading birds of the genera Mycteria and
Xenorhynchus, allied to the storks in form and habits.

Note: The American jabiru (Mycteria Americana) is white, with the
head and neck black and nearly bare of feathers. The East Indian and
Australian (Xenorhynchus Australis) has the neck, head, and back
covered with glossy, dark green feathers, changing on the head to
purple. The African jabiru (Mycteria, or Ephippiorhynchus,
Senegalensis) has the neck, head, wing coverts, and tail, black, and
is called also saddle-billed stork.

JABORANDI
Jab`o*ran"di, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The native name of a South American rutaceous shrub (Pilocarpus
pennatifolius). The leaves are used in medicine as an diaphoretic and
sialogogue.

JABORINE
Jab"o*rine, n. Etym: [From Jaborandi.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found in jaborandi leaves, from which it is
extracted as a white amorphous substance. In its action it resembles
atropine.

JABOT
Jab"ot, n. Etym: [F.]

1. Originally, a kind of ruffle worn by men on the bosom of the
shirt.

2. An arrangement of lace or tulle, looped ornamentally, and worn by
women on the front of the dress.

JACAL
Ja*cal" (hä*käl"; 239), n. [Amer. Sp., fr. Mex. xacalli.]

Defn: In Mexico and the southwestern United States, a kind of
plastered house or hut, usually made by planting poles or timber in
the ground, filling in between them with screen work or wickerwork,
and daubing one or both sides with mud or adobe mortar; also, this
method of construction.

JACAMAR
Jac"a*mar`, n. Etym: [F. jacamar, Braz. jacamarica; cf. Sp. jacamar.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of tropical American birds of the
genus Galbula and allied genera. They are allied to the kingfishers,
but climb on tree trunks like nuthatches, and feed upon insects.
Their colors are often brilliant.

JACANA
Jac"a*na`, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. jacania.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any of several wading birds belonging to the genus Jacana and
several allied genera, all of which have spurs on the wings. They are
able to run about over floating water weeds by means of their very
long, spreading toes. Called also surgeon bird.

Note: The most common South American species is Jacana spinosa. The
East Indian or pheasant jacana (Hydrophasianus chirurgus) is
remarkable for having four very long, curved, middle tail feathers.

JACARANDA
Jac`a*ran"da, n. Etym: [Braz.; cf. Sp. & Pg. jacaranda.] (Bot.)
(a) The native Brazilian name for certain leguminous trees, which
produce the beautiful woods called king wood, tiger wood, and violet
wood.
(b) A genus of bignoniaceous Brazilian trees with showy trumpet-
shaped flowers.

JACARE
Jac"a*re`, n. Etym: [Pg. jacaré; of Brazilian origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cayman. See Yacare.

JACCHUS
Jac"chus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Jacchus a mystic name of Bacchus, Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The common marmoset (Hapale vulgaris). Formerly, the name was
also applied to other species of the same genus.

JACCONET
Jac"co*net, n.

Defn: See Jaconet.

JACENT
Ja"cent, a. Etym: [L. jacens, p. pr. of jacere to lie: cf. F.
jacent.]

Defn: Lying at length; as, the jacent posture. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

JACINTH
Ja"cinth, n. Etym: [F. jacinthe, L. hyacinthus. See Hyacinth.]

Defn: See Hyacinth. Tennyson.

JACK
Jack, n. Etym: [Pg. jaca, Malayalam, tsjaka.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large tree, the Artocarpus integrifolia, common in the East
Indies, closely allied to the breadfruit, from which it differs in
having its leaves entire. The fruit is of great size, weighing from
thirty to forty pounds, and through its soft fibrous matter are
scattered the seeds, which are roasted and eaten. The wood is of a
yellow color, fine grain, and rather heavy, and is much used in
cabinetwork. It is also used for dyeing a brilliant yellow. [Written
also jak.]

JACK
Jack, n. Etym: [F. Jacques James, L. Jacobus, Gr. Ya 'aq Jacob;
prop., seizing by the heel; hence, a supplanter. Cf. Jacobite,
Jockey.]

1. A familiar nickname of, or substitute for, John.
You are John Rugby, and you are Jack Rugby. Shak.

2. An impertinent or silly fellow; a simpleton; a boor; a clown;
also, a servant; a rustic. "Jack fool." Chaucer.
Since every Jack became a gentleman, There 's many a gentle person
made a Jack. Shak.

3. A popular colloquial name for a sailor; -- called also Jack tar,
and Jack afloat.

4. A mechanical contrivance, an auxiliary machine, or a subordinate
part of a machine, rendering convenient service, and often supplying
the place of a boy or attendant who was commonly called Jack; as:
(a) A device to pull off boots.
(b) A sawhorse or sawbuck.
(c) A machine or contrivance for turning a spit; a smoke jack, or
kitchen jack.
(b) (Mining) A wooden wedge for separating rocks rent by blasting.
(e) (Knitting Machine) A lever for depressing the sinkers which push
the loops down on the needles.
(f) (Warping Machine) A grating to separate and guide the threads; a
heck box.
(g) (Spinning) A machine for twisting the sliver as it leaves the
carding machine.
(h) A compact, portable machine for planing metal.
(i) A machine for slicking or pebbling leather.
(k) A system of gearing driven by a horse power, for multiplying
speed.
(l) A hood or other device placed over a chimney or vent pipe, to
prevent a back draught.
(m) In the harpsichord, an intermediate piece communicating the
action of the key to the quill; -- called also hopper.
(n) In hunting, the pan or frame holding the fuel of the torch used
to attract game at night; also, the light itself. C. Hallock.

5. A portable machine variously constructed, for exerting great
pressure, or lifting or moving a heavy body through a small distance.
It consists of a lever, screw, rack and pinion, hydraulic press, or
any simple combination of mechanical powers, working in a compact
pedestal or support and operated by a lever, crank, capstan bar, etc.
The name is often given to a jackscrew, which is a kind of jack.

6. The small bowl used as a mark in the game of bowls. Shak.
Like an uninstructed bowler who thinks to attain the jack by
delivering his bowl straight forward upon it. Sir W. Scott.

7. The male of certain animals, as of the ass.

8. (Zoöl.)
(a) A young pike; a pickerel.
(b) The jurel.
(c) A large, California rock fish (Sebastodes paucispinus); -- called
also boccaccio, and mérou.
(d) The wall-eyed pike.

9. A drinking measure holding half a pint; also, one holding a
quarter of a pint. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

10. (Naut.)
(a) A flag, containing only the union, without the fly, usually
hoisted on a jack staff at the bowsprit cap; -- called also union
jack. The American jack is a small blue flag, with a star for each
State.
(b) A bar of iron athwart ships at a topgallant masthead, to support
a royal mast, and give spread to the royal shrouds; -- called also
jack crosstree. R. H. Dana, Jr.

11. The knave of a suit of playing cards.

Note: Jack is used adjectively in various senses. It sometimes
designates something cut short or diminished in size; as, a jack
timber; a jack rafter; a jack arch, etc. Jack arch, an arch of the
thickness of one brick.
 -- Jack back (Brewing & Malt Vinegar Manuf.), a cistern which
receives the wort. See under 1st Back.
 -- Jack block (Naut.), a block fixed in the topgallant or royal
rigging, used for raising and lowering light masts and spars.
 -- Jack boots, boots reaching above the knee; -- worn in the 17
century by soldiers; afterwards by fishermen, etc.
 -- Jack crosstree. (Naut.) See 10, b, above.
 -- Jack curlew (Zoöl.), the whimbrel.
 -- Jack frame. (Cotton Spinning) See 4 (g), above.
 -- Jack Frost, frost personified as a mischievous person.
 -- Jack hare, a male hare. Cowper.
 -- Jack lamp, a lamp for still hunting and camp use. See def. 4
(n.), above.
 -- Jack plane, a joiner's plane used for coarse work.
 -- Jack post, one of the posts which support the crank shaft of a
deep-well-boring apparatus.
 -- Jack pot (Poker Playing), the name given to the stakes,
contributions to which are made by each player successively, till
such a hand is turned as shall take the "pot," which is the sum total
of all the bets.
 -- Jack rabbit (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large American
hares, having very large ears and long legs. The California species
(Lepus Californicus), and that of Texas and New Mexico (L. callotis),
have the tail black above, and the ears black at the tip. They do not
become white in winter. The more northern prairie hare (L.
campestris) has the upper side of the tail white, and in winter its
fur becomes nearly white.
 -- Jack rafter (Arch.), in England, one of the shorter rafters used
in constructing a hip or valley roof; in the United States, any
secondary roof timber, as the common rafters resting on purlins in a
trussed roof; also, one of the pieces simulating extended rafters,
used under the eaves in some styles of building.
 -- Jack salmon (Zoöl.), the wall-eyed pike, or glasseye.
 -- Jack sauce, an impudent fellow. [Colloq. & Obs.] -- Jack shaft
(Mach.), the first intermediate shaft, in a factory or mill, which
receives power, through belts or gearing, from a prime mover, and
transmits it, by the same means, to other intermediate shafts or to a
line shaft.
 -- Jack sinker (Knitting Mach.), a thin iron plate operated by the
jack to depress the loop of thread between two needles.
 -- Jack snipe. (Zoöl.) See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Jack staff (Naut.), a staff fixed on the bowsprit cap, upon which
the jack is hoisted.
 -- Jack timber (Arch.), any timber, as a rafter, rib, or studding,
which, being intercepted, is shorter than the others.
 -- Jack towel, a towel hung on a roller for common use.
 -- Jack truss (Arch.), in a hip roof, a minor truss used where the
roof has not its full section.
 -- Jack tree. (Bot.) See 1st Jack, n.
 -- Jack yard (Naut.), a short spar to extend a topsail beyond the
gaff. Blue jack, blue vitriol; sulphate of copper.
 -- Hydraulic jack, a jack used for lifting, pulling, or forcing,
consisting of a compact portable hydrostatic press, with its pump and
a reservoir containing a supply of liquid, as oil.
 -- Jack-at-a-pinch. (a) One called upon to take the place of another
in an emergency. (b) An itinerant parson who conducts an occasional
service for a fee.
 -- Jack-at-all-trades, one who can turn his hand to any kind of
work.
 -- Jack-by-the-hedge (Bot.), a plant of the genus Erysimum (E.
alliaria, or Alliaria officinalis), which grows under hedges. It
bears a white flower and has a taste not unlike garlic. Called also,
in England, sauce-alone. Eng. Cyc.
 -- Jack-in-a-box. (a) (Bot.) A tropical tree (Hernandia sonora),
which bears a drupe that rattles when dry in the inflated calyx. (b)
A child's toy, consisting of a box, out of which, when the lid is
raised, a figure springs. (c) (Mech.) An epicyclic train of bevel
gears for transmitting rotary motion to two parts in such a manner
that their relative rotation may be variable; applied to driving the
wheels of tricycles, road locomotives, and to cotton machinery, etc.;
an equation box; a jack frame; -- called also compensating gearing.
(d) A large wooden screw turning in a nut attached to the crosspiece
of a rude press.
 -- Jack-in-office, an insolent fellow in authority. Wolcott.
 -- Jack-in-the-bush (Bot.), a tropical shrub with red fruit (Cordia
Cylindrostachya).
 -- Jack-in-the-green, a chimney sweep inclosed in a framework of
boughs, carried in Mayday processions.
 -- Jack-in-the-pulpit (Bot.), the American plant Arisæma triphyllum,
or Indian turnip, in which the upright spadix is inclosed.
 -- Jack-of-the-buttery (Bot.), the stonecrop (Sedum acre).
 -- Jack-of-the-clock, a figure, usually of a man, on old clocks,
which struck the time on the bell.
 -- Jack-on-both-sides, one who is or tries to be neutral.
 -- Jack-out-of-office, one who has been in office and is turned out.
Shak.
 -- Jack the Giant Killer, the hero of a well-known nursery story.
 -- Jack-with-a-lantern, Jack-o'-lantern. (a) An ignis fatuus; a
will-o'-the-wisp. "[Newspaper speculations] supplying so many more
jack-o'-lanterns to the future historian." Lowell. (b) A lantern made
of a pumpkin so prepared as to show in illumination the features of a
human face, etc.
 -- Yellow Jack (Naut.), the yellow fever; also, the quarantine flag.
See Yellow flag, under Flag.

JACK
Jack, n. Etym: [F. jaque, jacque, perh. from the proper name Jacques.
Cf. Jacquerie.]

Defn: A coarse and cheap mediæval coat of defense, esp. one made of
leather.
Their horsemen are with jacks for most part clad. Sir J. Harrington.

JACK
Jack, n. Etym: [Named from its resemblance to a jack boot.]

Defn: A pitcher or can of waxed leather; -- called also black jack.
[Obs.] Dryden.

JACK
Jack, v. i.

Defn: To hunt game at night by means of a jack. See 2d Jack, n., 4,
n.

JACK
Jack, v. t.

Defn: To move or lift, as a house, by means of a jack or jacks. See
2d Jack, n., 5.

JACK-A-DANDY
Jack`-a-dan"dy, n.

Defn: A little dandy; a little, foppish, impertinent fellow.

JACKAL
Jack"al`, n. Etym: [Pers. shaghal: cf. OF. jackal, F. chacal; cf.
Skr. ç\'f0gala.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of carnivorous animals inhabiting
Africa and Asia, related to the dog and wolf. They are cowardly,
nocturnal, and gregarious. They feed largely on carrion, and are
noted for their piercing and dismal howling.

Note: The common species of Southern Asia (Canis aureus) is yellowish
gray, varied with brown on the shoulders, haunches, and legs. The
common African species (C. anthus) is darker in color.

2. One who does mean work for another's advantage, as jackals were
once thought to kill game which lions appropriated. [Colloq.] Ld.
Lytton.

JACK-A-LENT
Jack"-a-lent, n.

Defn: A small stuffed puppet to be pelted in Lent; hence, a simple
fellow.

JACKANAPES
Jack"a*napes, n. Etym: [For Jack o' (= of) apes; prop., a man who
exhibits apes.] [Written also jackanape.]

1. A monkey; an ape. Shak.

2. A coxcomb; an impertinent or conceited fellow.
A young upstart jackanapes. Arbuthnot.

JACKAROO; JACKEROO
Jack`a*roo", n. Also Jack`e*roo". [Jack + kangaroo.]

Defn: A young man living as an apprentice on a sheep station, or
otherwise engaged in acquainting himself with colonial life.
[Colloq., Australia]

JACKAROO
Jack`a*roo", v. i.

Defn: To be a jackaroo; to pass one's time as a jackaroo. [Colloq.,
Australia]

JACKASS
Jack"ass`, n. Etym: [2d jack + ass.]

1. The male ass; a donkey.

2. A conceited dolt; a perverse blockhead. Jackass bark (Naut.), a
three-masted vessel, with only the foremast square-rigged; a
barkentine.
 -- Jackass deer (Zoöl.), the koba.
 -- Jackass hare, Jackass rabbit (Zoöl.). See Jack rabbit, under 2d
Jack, n.
 -- Jackass penguin (Zoöl.), any species of penguin of the genus
Spheniscus, of which several are known. One species (S. demersus)
inhabits the islands near the Cape of Good Hope; another (S.
Magellanicus) is found at the Falkland Islands. They make a noise
like the braying of an ass; -- hence the name.
 -- Laughing jackass. (Zoöl.) See under Laughing.

JACKDAW
Jack"daw`, n. Etym: [Prob. 2d jack + daw, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Daw, n.

JACKEEN
Jack*een", n.

Defn: A drunken, dissolute fellow. [Ireland] S. C. Hall.

JACKET
Jack"et, n. Etym: [F. jaquette, dim. of jaque. See 3d Jack, n.]

1. A short upper garment, extending downward to the hips; a short
coat without skirts.

2. An outer covering for anything, esp. a covering of some
nonconducting material such as wood or felt, used to prevent
radiation of heat, as from a steam boiler, cylinder, pipe, etc.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: In ordnance, a strengthening band surrounding and reënforcing
the tube in which the charge is fired.

4. A garment resembling a waistcoat lined with cork, to serve as a
life preserver; -- called also cork jacket. Blue jacket. (Naut.) See
under Blue.
 -- Steam jacket, a space filled with steam between an inner and an
outer cylinder, or between a casing and a receptacle, as a kettle.
 -- To dust one's jacket, to give one a beating. [Colloq.]

JACKET
Jack"et, v. t.

1. To put a jacket on; to furnish, as a boiler, with a jacket.

2. To thrash; to beat. [Low]

JACKETED
Jack"et*ed, a.

Defn: Wearing, or furnished with, a jacket.

JACKETING
Jack"et*ing, n.

Defn: The material of a jacket; as, nonconducting jacketing.

JACK KETCH
Jack" Ketch". Etym: [Perh. fr. Jack, the proper name + Prov. E. ketch
a hangman, fr. ketch, for catch to seize; but see the citations
below.]

Defn: A public executioner, or hangman. [Eng.]
The manor of Tyburn was formerly held by Richard Jaquett, where
felons for a long time were executed; from whence we have Jack Ketch.
Lloyd's MS., British Museum.
[Monmouth] then accosted John Ketch, the executioner, a wretch who
had butchered many brave and noble victims, and whose name has,
during a century and a half, been vulgarly given to all who have
succeeded him in his odious office. Macaulay.

JACKKNIFE
Jack"knife`, n.

Defn: A large, strong clasp knife for the pocket; a pocket knife.

JACK-'-LANTERN
Jack"-o'-lan`tern, n.

Defn: See Jack-with-a-lantern, under 2d Jack.

JACKMAN
Jack"man, n.; pl. Jackmen (.

1. One wearing a jack; a horse soldier; a retainer. See 3d Jack, n.
Christie . . . the laird's chief jackman. Sir W. Scott.

2. A cream cheese. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

JACK-O'-LANTERN
Jack"-o'-lan`tern, n.

Defn: See Jack-with-a-lantern, under 2d Jack. JACKPOT
Jackpot

Defn: 1. (a) See "jack pot" under jack; (b) any larger-than-usual
gambling prize formed by the accumulation of unwon bets[=MW10 1(a)(2)
and 1(c)]; (c) the highest gambling prize awarded in a gambling game
in which smaller prizes are also awarded, especially such a prize on
a slot machine.

Defn: 2. (a) An unusually large success in an enterprise, either
unexpected or unpredictable, esp. one providing a great financial
benefit. hit the jackpotto receive an unexpectedly large (or the
largest possible) benefit from an enterprise.

JACKPUDDING
Jack"pud`ding, n.

Defn: A merry-andrew; a buffoon. Milton.

JACKSAW
Jack"saw`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The merganser.

JACKSCREW
Jack"screw`, n.

Defn: A jack in which a screw is used for lifting, or exerting
pressure. See Illust. of 2d Jack, n., 5.

JACKSLAVE
Jack"slave`, n.

Defn: A low servant; a mean fellow. Shak.

JACKSMITH
Jack"smith`, n.

Defn: A smith who makes jacks. See 2d Jack, 4, c. Dryden.

JACKSNIPE
Jack"snipe`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A small European snipe (Limnocryptes gallinula); -- called also
judcock, jedcock, juddock, jed, and half snipe.
(b) A small American sandpiper (Tringa maculata); -- called also
pectoral sandpiper, and grass snipe.

JACKSTAY
Jack"stay`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A rail of wood or iron stretching along a yard of a vessel, to
which the sails are fastened.

JACKSTONE
Jack"stone`, n.
(a) One of the pebbles or pieces used in the game of jackstones.
(b) (pl.) A game played with five small stones or pieces of metal.
See 6th Chuck.

JACKSTRAW
Jack"straw`, n.

1. An effigy stuffed with straw; a scarecrow; hence, a man without
property or influence. Milton.

2. One of a set of straws of strips of ivory, bone, wood, etc., for
playing a child's game, the jackstraws being thrown confusedly
together on a table, to be gathered up singly by a hooked instrument,
without touching or disturbing the rest of the pile. See Spilikin.

JACKWOOD
Jack"wood`, n.

Defn: Wood of the jack (Artocarpus integrifolia), used in
cabinetwork.

JACKY
Jack"y, n.; pl. Jackies (#). Dim. or pet from Jack. Hence:
 (a) A landsman's nickname for a seaman, resented by the latter.
 (b) English gin. [Dial. Eng.]

JACOB
Ja"cob, n. Etym: [Cf. F. Jacob. See 2d Jack.]

Defn: A Hebrew patriarch (son of Isaac, and ancestor of the Jews),
who in a vision saw a ladder reaching up to heaven (Gen. xxviii. 12);
-- also called Israel.
And Jacob said . . . with my staff I passed over this Jordan, and now
I am become two bands. Gen. xxxii. 9, 10.
Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel. Gen. xxxii. 28.
Jacob's ladder. (a) (Bot.) A perennial herb of the genus Polemonium
(P. coeruleum), having corymbs of drooping flowers, usually blue.
Gray. (b) (Naut.) A rope ladder, with wooden steps, for going aloft.
R. H. Dana, Jr. (c) (Naut.) A succession of short cracks in a
defective spar.
 -- Jacob's membrane. See Retina.
 -- Jacob's staff. (a) A name given to many forms of staff or weapon,
especially in the Middle Ages; a pilgrim's staff. [Obs.] Spenser. (b)
(Surveying) See under Staff.

JACOBAEAN LILY
Jac`o*bæ"an lil"y. Etym: [See Jacobean.] (Bot.)

Defn: A bulbous plant (Amaryllis, or Sprekelia, formosissima) from
Mexico. It bears a single, large, deep, red, lilylike flower.
[Written also Jacobean.]

JACOBEAN; JACOBIAN
Ja*co"be*an, Ja*co"bi*an, a. Etym: [From L. Jacobus James. See 2d
Jack.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a style of architecture and decoration in
the time of James the First, of England. "A Jacobean table." C. L.
Eastlake.

JACOBIN
Jac"o*bin, n. Etym: [F. See 2d Jack, Jacobite.]

1. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A Dominican friar; -- so named because, before the French
Revolution, that order had a convent in the Rue St. Jacques, Paris.

2. One of a society of violent agitators in France, during the
revolution of 1789, who held secret meetings in the Jacobin convent
in the Rue St. Jacques, Paris, and concerted measures to control the
proceedings of the National Assembly. Hence: A plotter against an
existing government; a turbulent demagogue.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fancy pigeon, in which the feathers of the neck form a hood,
-- whence the name. The wings and tail are long, and the beak
moderately short.

JACOBIN
Jac"o*bin, a.

Defn: Same as Jacobinic.

JACOBINE
Jac"o*bine, n.

Defn: A Jacobin.

JACOBINIC; JACOBINICAL
Jac`o*bin"ic, Jac`o*bin"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Jacobins of France; revolutionary; of
the nature of, or characterized by, Jacobinism. Burke.
 -- Jac`o*bin"ic*al*ly, adv.

JACOBINISM
Jac"o*bin*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. Jacobinisme.]

Defn: The principles of the Jacobins; violent and factious opposition
to legitimate government.
Under this new stimulus, Burn's previous Jacobitism passed towards
the opposite, but not very distant, extreme of Jacobinism. J. C.
Shairp.

JACOBINIZE
Jac"o*bin*ize`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jacobinized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Jacobinizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. Jacobiniser.]

Defn: To taint with, or convert to, Jacobinism.
France was not then jacobinized. Burke.

JACOBITE
Jac"o*bite, n. Etym: [L. Jacobus James: cf. F. Jacobite. See 2d
Jack.]

1. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: A partisan or adherent of James the Second, after his
abdication, or of his descendants, an opposer of the revolution in
1688 in favor of William and Mary. Macaulay.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: One of the sect of Syrian Monophysites. The sect is named after
Jacob Baradæus, its leader in the sixth century.

JACOBITE
Jac"o*bite, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Jacobites.

JACOBITIC; JACOBITICAL
Jac`o*bit"ic, Jac`o*bit"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Jacobites; characterized by Jacobitism.
 -- Jac`o*bit"ic*al*ly, adv.

JACOBITISM
Jac"o*bit*ism`, n.

Defn: The principles of the Jacobites. Mason.

JACOBUS
Ja*co"bus, n.; pl. Jacobuses. Etym: [See Jacobite.]

Defn: An English gold coin, of the value of twenty-five shillings
sterling, struck in the reign of James I.

JACONET
Jac"o*net, n. Etym: [F. jaconas.]

Defn: A thin cotton fabric, between and muslin, used for dresses,
neckcloths, etc. [Written also jacconet.]

JACQUARD
Jac*quard", a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or invented by, Jacquard, a French mechanician,
who died in 1834. Jacquard apparatus or arrangement, a device applied
to looms for weaving figured goods, consisting of mechanism
controlled by a chain of variously perforated cards, which cause the
warp threads to be lifted in the proper succession for producing the
required figure.
 -- Jacquard card, one of the perforated cards of a Jacquard
apparatus.
 -- Jackquard loom, a loom with Jacquard apparatus.

JACQUEMINOT
Jacque"mi*not, n.

Defn: A half-hardy, deep crimson rose of the remontant class; -- so
named after General Jacqueminot, of France.

JACQUERIE
Jacque`rie", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The name given to a revolt of French peasants against the
nobles in 1358, the leader assuming the contemptuous title, Jacques
Bonhomme, given by the nobles to the peasantry. Hence, any revolt of
peasants.

JACTANCY
Jac"tan*cy, n. Etym: [L. jactantia, fr. jactans, p. pr. of jactare to
throw, boast, freq. fr. jacere to throw; cf. F. jactance.]

Defn: A boasting; a bragging. [Obs.]

JACTATION
Jac*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. jactatio, fr. jactare: af. F. jactation.
See Jactancy.]

Defn: A throwing or tossing of the body; a shaking or agitation. Sir.
W. Temple.

JACTITATION
Jac"ti*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. jactitare to utter in public, from
jactare. See Jactancy.]

1. (Law)

Defn: Vain boasting or assertions repeated to the prejudice of
another's right; false claim. Mozley & W.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A frequent tossing or moving of the body; restlessness, as in
delirium. Dunglison. Jactitation of marriage (Eng. Eccl. Law), a
giving out or boasting by a party that he or she is married to
another, whereby a common reputation of their matrimony may ensue.
Blackstone.

JACULABLE
Jac"u*la*ble, a.

Defn: Fit for throwing. [Obs.]

JACULATE
Jac"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jaculated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Jaculating.] Etym: [L. jaculatus, p. p. of jaculari. See Ejaculate.]

Defn: To throw or cast, as a dart; to throw out; to emit.

JACULATION
Jac`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. jaculatio.]

Defn: The act of tossing, throwing, or hurling, as spears.
Hurled to and fro with jaculation dire. Milton.

JACULATOR
Jac"u*la`tor, Etym: [L.]

1. One who throws or casts. [R.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The archer fish (Toxotes jaculator).

JACULATORY
Jac"u*la*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. jaculatorius: cf. F. jaculatoire.]

Defn: Darting or throwing out suddenly; also, suddenly thrown out;
uttered in short sentences; ejaculatory; as, jaculatory prayers.
Smart.

JADDING
Jad"ding, n. (Mining)

Defn: See Holing.

JADE
Jade, n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. jade, fr. piedra de ijada stone of the
side, fr. ijada flank, side, pain in the side, the stone being so
named because it was supposed to cure this pain. Sp. ijada is derived
fr. L. ilia flanks. Cf. Iliac.] (Min.)

Defn: A stone, commonly of a pale to dark green color but sometimes
whitish. It is very hard and compact, capable of fine polish, and is
used for ornamental purposes and for implements, esp. in Eastern
countries and among many early peoples.

Note: The general term jade includes nephrite, a compact variety of
tremolite with a specific gravity of 3, and also the mineral jadeite,
a silicate of alumina and soda, with a specific gravity of 3.3. The
latter is the more highly prized and includes the feitsui of the
Chinese. The name has also been given to other tough green minerals
capable of similar use.

JADE
Jade, n. Etym: [OE. jade; cf. Prov. E. yaud, Scot. yade, yad, yaud,
Icel. jalda a mare.]

1. A mean or tired horse; a worthless nag. Chaucer.
Tired as a jade in overloaden cart. Sir P. Sidney.

2. A disreputable or vicious woman; a wench; a quean; also,
sometimes, a worthless man. Shak.
She shines the first of battered jades. Swift.

3. A young woman; -- generally so called in irony or slight contempt.
A souple jade she was, and strang. Burns.

JADE
Jade, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Jading.]

1. To treat like a jade; to spurn. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To make ridiculous and contemptible. [Obs.]
I do now fool myself, to let imagination jade me. Shak.

3. To exhaust by overdriving or long-continued labor of any kind; to
tire or wear out by severe or tedious tasks; to harass.
The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its power, . . . checks at
any vigorous undertaking ever after. Locke.

Syn.
 -- To fatigue; tire; weary; harass.
 -- To Jade, Fatigue, Tire, Weary. Fatigue is the generic term; tire
denotes fatigue which wastes the strength; weary implies that a
person is worn out by exertion; jade refers to the weariness created
by a long and steady repetition of the same act or effort. A little
exertion will tire a child or a weak person; a severe or protracted
task wearies equally the body and the mind; the most powerful horse
becomes jaded on a long journey by a continual straining of the same
muscles. Wearied with labor of body or mind; tired of work, tired out
by importunities; jaded by incessant attention to business.

JADE
Jade, v. i.

Defn: To become weary; to lose spirit.
They . . . fail, and jade, and tire in the prosecution. South.

JADEITE
Jade"ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Jade, the stone.

JADERY
Jad"er*y, n.

Defn: The tricks of a jade.

JADISH
Jad"ish, a.

1. Vicious; ill-tempered; resembling a jade; -- applied to a horse.

2. Unchaste; -- applied to a woman. L'Estrange.

JAEGER
Jae"ger, n.

Defn: See Jager.

JAG
Jag, n. Etym: [Prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. gag aperture, cleft,
chink; akin to Ir. & Gael. gag.] [Written also jagg.]

1. A notch; a cleft; a barb; a ragged or sharp protuberance; a
denticulation.
Arethuss arose . . . From rock and from jag. Shelley.
Garments thus beset with long jags. Holland.

2. A part broken off; a fragment. Bp. Hacket.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A cleft or division. Jag bolt, a bolt with a nicked or barbed
shank which resists retraction, as when leaded into stone.

JAG
Jag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Jagging.]

Defn: To cut into notches or teeth like those of a saw; to notch.
[Written also jagg. Jagging iron, a wheel with a zigzag or jagged
edge for cutting cakes or pastry into ornamental figures.

JAG
Jag, n. Etym: [Scot. jag, jaug, a leather bag or wallet, a pocket.
Cf. Jag a notch.]

Defn: A small load, as of hay or grain in the straw, or of ore.
[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] [Written also jagg.] Forby.

JAG
Jag, v. t.

Defn: To carry, as a load; as, to jag hay, etc. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq.
U.S.]

JAGANATHA; JAGANATHA
Jag`a*nat"ha, Jag`a*nat"ha, n.

Defn: See Juggernaut.

JAGANNATH; JAGANNATHA; JUGGERNAUT
Jag"an*nath, Jag`an*na"tha, n. Also Jug"ger*naut. [Hind. Jagan-nath
lord of the world, Skr. jagannatha.] (Hinduism)

Defn: A particular form of Vishnu, or of Krishna, whose chief idol
and worship are at Puri, in Orissa. The idol is considered to contain
the bones of Krishna and to possess a soul. The principal festivals
are the Snanayatra, when the idol is bathed, and the Rathayatra, when
the image is drawn upon a car adorned with obscene paintings.
Formerly it was erroneously supposed that devotees allowed themselves
to be crushed beneath the wheels of this car. It is now known that
any death within the temple of Jagannath is considered to render the
place unclean, and any spilling of blood in the presence of the idol
is a pollution.

JAGER
Ja"ger, n. Etym: [G. jäger a hunter, a sportsman. Cf. Yager.]
[Written also jaeger.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A sharpshooter. See Yager.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of gull of the genus Stercorarius. Three species
occur on the Atlantic coast. The jagers pursue other species of gulls
and force them to disgorge their prey. The two middle tail feathers
are usually decidedly longer than the rest. Called also boatswain,
and marline-spike bird. The name is also applied to the skua, or
Arctic gull (Megalestris skua).

JAGG
Jagg, v. t. & n.

Defn: See Jag.

JAGGED
Jag"ged, a.

Defn: Having jags; having rough, sharp notches, protuberances, or
teeth; cleft; laciniate; divided; as, jagged rocks. " Jagged vine
leaves' shade." Trench.
 -- Jag"ged*ly, adv.
 -- Jag"ged*ness, n.

JAGGER
Jag"ger, n.

Defn: One who carries about a small load; a peddler. See 2d Jag.
[Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

JAGGER
Jag"ger, n. Etym: [From 4th Jag.]

Defn: One who, or that which, jags; specifically: (a) jagging iron
used for crimping pies, cakes, etc. (b) A toothed chisel. See Jag, v.
t. Jagger spring, a spring beneath a seat, and resting on cleats or
blocks in the body of a vehicle. Knight.

JAGGERY
Jag"ger*y, n. Etym: [Hind jagri. Cf. Sugar.]

Defn: Raw palm sugar, made in the East Indies by evaporating the
fresh juice of several kinds of palm trees, but specifically that of
the palmyra (Borassus flabelliformis). [Written also jagghery.]

JAGGERY PALM
Jag"ger*y palm.

Defn: An East Indian palm (Caryota urens) having leaves pinnate with
wedge-shaped divisions, the petiole very stout. It is the principal
source of jaggery, and is often cultivated for ornament.

JAGGY
Jag"gy, a.

Defn: Having jags; set with teeth; notched; uneven; as, jaggy teeth.
Addison.

JAGHIR
Ja"ghir, n. Etym: [Per. jagir.]

Defn: A village or district the government and revenues of which are
assigned to some person, usually in consideration of some service to
be rendered, esp. the maintenance of troops. [Written also jaghire,
jagir, etc.] [India] Whitworth.

JAGHIRDAR
Ja"ghir*dar`, n. Etym: [Per. jagir-dar.]

Defn: The holder of a jaghir.

JAGUA PALM
Ja"gua palm`. Etym: [Sp. jagua the fruit of the jagua palm.] (Bot.)

Defn: A great Brazilian palm (Maximiliana regia), having immense
spathes which are used for baskets and tubs.

JAGUAR
Ja*guar", n. Etym: [Braz. yagoára: cf. & Pg. jaguar.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large and powerful feline animal (Felis onca), ranging from
Texas and Mexico to Patagonia. It is usually brownish yellow, with
large, dark, somewhat angular rings, each generally inclosing one or
two dark spots. It is chiefly arboreal in its habits. Called also the
American tiger.

JAGUARONDI
Ja`gua*ron"di, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American wild cat (Felis jaguarondi), having a long,
slim body and very short legs. Its color is grayish brown, varied
with a blackish hue. It is arboreal in its habits and feeds mostly on
birds.

JAH
Jah (jä), n. Etym: [Heb. yah.]

Defn: Jehovah. Ps. lxviii. 4.

JAHVIST; JAHVISTIC
Jah"vist, n., Jah*vis"tic, a.

Defn: See Jehovist, Jehovistic.

JAIL
Jail, n. Etym: [OE. jaile, gail, gayhol, OF. gaole, gaiole, jaiole,
F. geôle, LL. gabiola, dim. of gabia cage, for L. cavea cavity, cage.
See Cage.]

Defn: A kind of prison; a building for the confinement of persons
held in lawful custody, especially for minor offenses or with
reference to some future judicial proceeding. [Written also gaol.]
This jail I count the house of liberty. Milton.
Jail bird, a prisoner; one who has been confined in prison. [Slang] -
- Jail delivery, the release of prisoners from jail, either legally
or by violence.
 -- Jail delivery commission. See under Gaol.
 -- Jail fever (Med.), typhus fever, or a disease resembling it,
generated in jails and other places crowded with people; -- called
also hospital fever, and ship fever.
 -- Jail liberties, or Jail limits, a space or district around a jail
within which an imprisoned debtor was, on certain conditions, allowed
to go at large. Abbott.
 -- Jail lock, a peculiar form of padlock; -- called also
Scandinavian lock.

JAIL
Jail, v. t.

Defn: To imprison. [R.] T. Adams (1614).
[Bolts] that jail you from free life. Tennyson.

JAILER
Jail"er, n. Etym: [OE. jailer, gailer, OF. geolier, F. geôlier. See
Jail.]

Defn: The keeper of a jail or prison. [Written also jailor, gaoler.]

JAIN; JAINA
Jain, Jai"na, n. Etym: [Skr. Jaina, fr. Jina, a proper name, fr. jina
victorious.]

Defn: One of a numerous sect in British India, holding the tenets of
Jainism.

JAINISM
Jain"ism, n.

Defn: The heterodox Hindoo religion, of which the most striking
features are the exaltation of saints or holy mortals, called jins,
above the ordinary Hindoo gods, and the denial of the divine origin
and infallibility of the Vedas. It is intermediate between Brahmanism
and Buddhism, having some things in common with each.

JAIROU
Jai*rou", n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ahu or Asiatic gazelle.

JAK
Jak, n. (Bot.)

Defn: see Ils Jack.

JAKES
Jakes, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. F. Jacques, the proper name. See 2d Jack.]

Defn: A privy. Shak.

JAKIE
Ja"kie, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American striped frog (Pseudis paradoxa), remarkable
for having a tadpole larger than the adult, and hence called also
paradoxical frog.

JAKO
Jak"o (jâk"o), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African parrot (Psittacus erithacus), very commonly kept as
a cage bird; -- called also gray parrot.

JAKWOOD
Jak"wood`, n.

Defn: See Jackwood.

JALAP
Jal"ap, n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. jalapa; -- so called from Jalapa, a
town in Mexico, whence it was first obtained.] (Med.)

Defn: The tubers of the Mexican plant Ipomoea purga (or Exogonium
purga), a climber much like the morning-glory. The abstract, extract,
and powder, prepared from the tubers, are well known purgative
medicines. Other species of Ipomoea yield several inferior kinds of
jalap, as the I. Orizabensis, and I. tuberosa. False jalap, the root
of Mirabilis Jalapa, four-o'clock, or marvel of Peru.

JALAPIC
Ja*lap"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to jalap.

JALAPIN
Jal"a*pin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside found in the stems of the jalap plant and scammony.
It is a strong purgative.

JALONS
Ja`lons", n. pl. Etym: [F. Of unknown origin.] (Mil.)

Defn: Long poles, topped with wisps of straw, used as landmarks and
signals. Farrow.

JALOUSIE
Ja`lou`sie", n. Etym: [F. See Jealousy.]

Defn: A Venetian or slatted inside window blind.

JALOUSIED
Ja`lou`sied", a.

Defn: Furnished with jalousies; as, jalousied porches.

JAM
Jam, n. Etym: [Per. or Hind. jamah garment, robe.]

Defn: A kind of frock for children.

JAM
Jam, n. (Mining)

Defn: See Jamb.

JAM
Jam, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jammed; p. pr. & vb. n. Jamming.] Etym:
[Either fr. jamb, as if squeezed between jambs, or more likely from
the same source as champ See Champ.]

1. To press into a close or tight position; to crowd; to squeeze; to
wedge in.
The . . . jammed in between two rocks. De Foe.

2. To crush or bruise; as, to jam a finger in the crack of a door.
[Colloq.]

3. (Naut.)

Defn: To bring (a vessel) so close to the wind that half her upper
sails are laid aback. W. C. Russell.

JAM
Jam, n.

1. A mass of people or objects crowded together; also, the pressure
from a crowd; a crush; as, a jam in a street; a jam of logs in a
river.

2. An injury caused by jamming. [Colloq.]

JAM
Jam, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. jam, v.; but cf. also Ar. jamad ice, jelly,
jamid congealed, jamd congelation, ice.]

Defn: A preserve of fruit boiled with sugar and water; as, raspberry
jam; currant jam; grape jam. Jam nut. See Check nut, under Check.
 -- Jam weld (Forging), a butt weld. See under Butt.

JAMACINA
Jam`a*ci"na, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Jamaicine.

JAMADAR
Jam"a*dar, n.

Defn: Same as Jemidar.

JAMAICA
Ja*mai"ca, n.

Defn: One of the West India is islands. Jamaica ginger, a variety of
ginger, called also white ginger, prepared in Jamaica from the best
roots, which are deprived of their epidermis and dried separately.
 -- Jamaica pepper, allspice.
 -- Jamaica rose (Bot.), a West Indian melastomaceous shrub (Blakea
trinervis), with showy pink flowers.

JAMAICAN
Ja*mai"can, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Jamaica.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Jamaica.

JAMAICINE
Ja*ma"i*cine, n. Etym: [From Jamaica.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid said to be contained in the bark of Geoffroya
inermis, a leguminous tree growing in Jamaica and Surinam; -- called
also jamacina. Watts.

JAMB
Jamb, n. Etym: [Prov. E. jaumb, jaum, F. jambe a leg, jambe de force
a principal rafter. See Gambol.]

1. (Arch)

Defn: The vertical side of any opening, as a door or fireplace;
hence, less properly, any narrow vertical surface of wall, as the of
a chimney-breast or of a pier, as distinguished from its face. Gwilt.

2. (Mining)

Defn: Any thick mass of rock which prevents miners from following the
lode or vein.

JAMB
Jamb, v. t.

Defn: See Jam, v. t.

JAMBEE
Jam*bee", n. Etym: [See Jamb, n.: cf. OF. jamboier to walk.]

Defn: A fashionable cane. [Obs.] Tatler.

JAMBES; JAMBEUX
Jambes, Jam"beux, n. pl. Etym: [From F. jambe a leg: cf. OF.
jambiere. See Jamb, n.] (Ancient Armor)

Defn: In the Middle Ages, armor for the legs below the knees.
[Written also giambeux.] Chaucer.

JAMBOLANA
Jam`bo*la"na, n. Etym: [Cf. Pg. jambolao a kind of tropical fruit.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A myrtaceous tree of the West Indies and tropical America
(Calyptranthes Jambolana), with astringent bark, used for dyeing. It
bears an edible fruit.

JAMBOOL; JAMBUL
Jam"bool, Jam"bul, n. [Hind. jambu, jambul, prop., the rose-apple
tree or its fruit, fr. Skr. jambu, jambu.]

Defn: The Java plum; also, a drug obtained from its bark and seeds,
used as a remedy for diabetes.

JAMBOOREE
Jam`boo*ree", n. [Etym. uncertain. Cf. Jambone.]

Defn: A noisy or unrestrained carousal or frolic; a spree. [Slang]
Kipling.

A Calcutta-made pony cart had been standing in front of the manager's
bungalow when Raja Singh started on his jamboree.
W. A. Fraser.

JAMDANI
Jam"da*ni, n.

Defn: A silk fabric, with a woven pattern of sprigs of flowers.
[Written also jamdanee.] Balfour (Cyc. of India).

JAMESONITE
Ja"me*son*ite, n. Etym: [From Prof. Jameson, of Edinburgh.] (Min.)

Defn: A steel-gray mineral, of metallic luster, commonly fibrous
massive. It is a sulphide of antimony and lead, with a little iron.

JAMES'S POWDER
James"'s pow`der. (Med.)

Defn: Antimonial powder, first prepared by Dr. James, ar English
physician; -- called also fever powder.

JAMESTOWN WEED
James"town` weed`. (Bot.)

Defn: The poisonous thorn apple or stramonium (Datura stramonium), a
rank weed early noticed at Jamestown, Virginia. See Datura.

Note: This name is often corrupted into jimson, jimpson, and gympsum.

JAN
Jan, n. Etym: [Ar.] (Moham. Myth.)

Defn: One of intermediate order between angels and men.

JANE
Jane, n. Etym: [LL. Janua Genoa; L. Genua, also OE. Jean.]

1. A coin of Genoa; any small coin. Chaucer.

2. A kind of twilled cotton cloth. See Jean.

JANE-OF-APES
Jane"-of-apes", n.

Defn: A silly, pert girl; -- corresponding to jackanapes. Massinger.

JANGLE
Jan"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jangled; p. pr. & vb. n. Jangling.]
Etym: [OE. janglen to quarrel, OF. jangler to rail, quarrel; of Dutch
or German origin; cf. D. jangelen, janken, to whimper, chide, brawl,
quarrel.]

1. To sound harshly or discordantly, as bells out of tune.

2. To talk idly; to prate; to babble; to chatter; to gossip. "Thou
janglest as a jay." Chaucer.

3. To quarrel in words; to altercate; to wrangle.
Good wits will be jangling; but, gentles, agree. Shak.
Prussian Trenck . . . jargons and jangles in an unmelodious manner.
Carlyle.

JANGLE
Jan"gle, v. t.

Defn: To cause to sound harshly or inharmoniously; to produce
discordant sounds with.
Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune, and harsh. Shak.

JANGLE
Jan"gle, n. Etym: [Cf. OF.jangle.]

1. Idle talk; prate; chatter; babble. Chaucer.

2. Discordant sound; wrangling.
The musical jangle of sleigh bells. Longfellow.

JANGLER
Jan"gler, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. jangleor.]

1. An idle talker; a babbler; a prater. Chaucer.

2. A wrangling, noisy fellow.

JANGLERESS
Jan"gler*ess, n.

Defn: A female prater or babbler.

JANGLERY
Jan"gler*y, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. janglerie chattering, talk.]

Defn: Jangling. [Obs.] Chaucer.

JANGLING
Jan"gling, a.

Defn: Producing discordant sounds. "A jangling noise." Milton.

JANGLING
Jan"gling, n.

1. Idle babbling; vain disputation.
From which some, having swerved, have turned aside unto vain
jangling. 1 Tim. i. 6.

2. Wrangling; altercation. Lamb.

JANISSARY
Jan"is*sa*ry, n.

Defn: See Janizary.

JANITOR
Jan"i*tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. janua a door.]

Defn: A door-keeper; a porter; one who has the care of a public
building, or a building occupied for offices, suites of rooms, etc.

JANITRESS; JANITRIX
Jan"i*tress, Jan"i*trix, n. Etym: [L. janitrix. See Janitor.]

Defn: A female janitor.

JANIZAR
Jan"i*zar`, n.

Defn: A janizary. [R.] Byron.

JANIZARIAN
Jan`i*za"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the janizaries, or their government. Burke.

JANIZARY
Jan"i*za*ry, n.; pl. Janizaries. Etym: [F. janissaire, fr. Turk. ye
new soldiers or troops.]

Defn: A soldier of a privileged military class, which formed the
nucleus of the Turkish infantry, but was suppressed in 1826. [written
also janissary.]

JANKER
Jan"ker, n.

Defn: A long pole on two wheels, used in hauling logs. [Scot.]
Jamieson.

JANSENISM
Jan"sen*ism, n. Etym: [F. Jansénisme.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The doctrine of Jansen regarding free will and divine grace.

JANSENIST
Jan"sen*ist, n. Etym: [F. Janséniste.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Cornelius Jansen, a Roman Catholic bishop of
Ypres, in Flanders, in the 17th century, who taught certain doctrines
denying free will and the possibility of resisting divine grace.

JANT
Jant, v. i.

Defn: See Jaunt.

JANTHINA
Jan"thi*na, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Ianthina.

JANTILY
Jan"ti*ly, adv.

Defn: See Jauntily.

JANTINESS
Jan"ti*ness, n.

Defn: See Jauntiness.

JANTU
Jan"tu n.

Defn: A machine of great antiquity, used in Bengal for raising water
to irrigate land. Knight.

JANTY
Jan"ty, a.

Defn: See Jaunty.

JANUARY
Jan"u*a*ry, n. Etym: [L. Januarius, fr. Janus an old Latin deity, the
god of the sun and the year, to whom the month of January was sacred;
cf. janua a door, Skr. ya to go.]

Defn: The first month of the year, containing thirty-one days.

Note: Before the adoption of New Style, the commencement of the year
was usually reckoned from March 25.

JANUS
Ja"nus, n. Etym: [L. See January.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A Latin deity represented with two faces looking in opposite
directions. Numa is said to have dedicated to Janus the covered
passage at Rome, near the Forum, which is usually called the Temple
of Janus. This passage was open in war and closed in peace. Dr. W.
Smith. Janus cloth, a fabric having both sides dressed, the sides
being of different colors, -- used for reversible garments.

JANUS-FACED
Ja"nus-faced`, a.

Defn: Double-faced; deceitful. Janus-faced lock, one having duplicate
faces so as to go upon a right or a left hand door, the key entering
on either side indifferently. Knight.

JANUS-HEADED
Ja"nus-head`ed, a.

Defn: Double-headed.

JAPAN
Ja*pan", n. Etym: [From Japan, the country.]

Defn: Work varnished and figured in the Japanese manner; also, the
varnish or lacquer used in japanning.

JAPAN
Ja*pan", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Japan, or to the lacquered work of that
country; as, Japan ware. Japan allspice (Bot.), a spiny shrub from
Japan (Chimonanthus fragrans), related to the Carolina allspice.
 -- Japan black (Chem.), a quickly drying black lacquer or varnish,
consisting essentially of asphaltum dissolved in naphtha or
turpentine, and used for coating ironwork; -- called also Brunswick
black, Japan lacquer, or simply Japan.
 -- Japan camphor, ordinary camphor brought from China or Japan, as
distinguished from the rare variety called borneol or Borneo camphor.
 -- Japan clover, or Japan pea (Bot.), a cloverlike plant (Lespedeza
striata) from Eastern Asia, useful for fodder, first noticed in the
Southern United States about 1860, but now become very common. During
the Civil War it was called variously Yankee clover and Rebel clover.
 -- Japan earth. See Catechu.
 -- Japan ink, a kind of writing ink, of a deep, glossy black when
dry.
 -- Japan varnish, a varnish prepared from the milky juice of the
Rhus vernix, a small Japanese tree related to the poison sumac.

JAPAN
Ja*pan", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Japanned; p. pr. & vb. n. Japanning.]

1. To cover with a coat of hard, brilliant varnish, in the manner of
the Japanese; to lacquer.

2. To give a glossy black to, as shoes. [R.] Gay.

JAPAN CURRENT
Japan current.

Defn: A branch of the equatorial current of the Pacific, washing the
eastern coast of Formosa and thence flowing northeastward past Japan
and merging into the easterly drift of the North Pacific; -- called
also Kuro-Siwo, or Black Stream, in allusion to the deep blue of its
water. It is similar in may ways to the Gulf Stream.

JAPANESE
Jap`a*nese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Japan, or its inhabitants.

JAPANESE
Jap`a*nese", n. sing. & pl.

1. A native or inhabitant of Japan; collectively, the people of
Japan.

2. sing.

Defn: The language of the people of Japan.

JAPANNED
Ja*panned", a.

Defn: Treated, or coated, with varnish in the Japanese manner.
Japanned leather,leather treated with coatings of Japan varnish, and
dried in a stove. Knight.

JAPANNER
Ja*pan"ner, n.

1. One who varnishes in the manner of the Japanese, or one skilled in
the art.

2. A bootblack. [R.]

JAPANNING
Ja*pan"ning, n.

Defn: The art or act of varnishing in the Japanese manner.

JAPANNISH
Ja*pan"nish, a.

Defn: After the manner of the Japanese; resembling japanned articles.
Carlyle.

JAPE
Jape, v. i. Etym: [Prob. from the same source as gab,influenced by F.
japper to yelp. See Gab to deceive.]

Defn: To jest; to play tricks; to jeer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

JAPE
Jape, v. t.

Defn: To mock; to trick. Chaucer.
I have not been putting a jape upon you. Sir W. Scott.
The coy giggle of the young lady to whom he has imparted his latest
merry jape. W. Besant.

JAPER
Jap"er, n.

Defn: A jester; a buffoon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

JAPERY
Jap"er*y, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. japerie a yelping.]

Defn: Jesting; buffoonery. [Obs.] Chaucer.

JAPHETHITE
Ja"pheth*ite, n.

Defn: A Japhetite. Kitto.

JAPHETIC
Ja*phet"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, Japheth, one of the sons of
Noah; as, Japhetic nations, the nations of Europe and Northern Asia;
Japhetic languages.

JAPHETITE
Ja"phet*ite, n.

Defn: A descendant of Japheth.

JAPONICA
Ja*pon"i*ca, n. Etym: [NL., Japanese, fr. Japonia Japan.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Camellia (Camellia Japonica), a native of Japan,
bearing beautiful red or white flowers. Many other genera have
species of the same name.

JAPONISM
Jap"o*nism, n. [F. japonisme, fr. Japon Japan.]

Defn: A quality, idiom, or peculiarity characteristic of the Japanese
or their products, esp. in art.

JAR
Jar, n. Etym: [See Ajar.]

Defn: A turn. [Only in phrase.] On the jar, on the turn, ajar, as a
door.

JAR
Jar, n. Etym: [F. jarre, Sp. jarra, from Ar. jarrah ewer; cf. Pers.
jarrah.]

1. A deep, broad-mouthed vessel of earthenware or glass, for holding
fruit, preserves, etc., or for ornamental purposes; as, a jar of
honey; a rose jar. Dryden.

2. The measure of what is contained in a jar; as, a jar of oil; a jar
of preserves. Bell jar, Leyden jar. See in the Vocabulary.

JAR
Jar, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jarred; p. pr. & vb. n. jarring.] Etym: [Cf.
OE. charken to creak, AS. cearcian to gnash, F. jars a gander, L.
garrire to chatter, prate, OHG. kerran to chatter, croak, G. quarren
to grumble, and E. jargon, ajar.]

1. To give forth a rudely quivering or tremulous sound; to sound
harshly or discordantly; as, the notes jarred on my ears.
When such strings jar, what hope of harmony Shak.
A string may jar in the best master's hand. Roscommon.

2. To act in opposition or disagreement; to clash; to interfere; to
quarrel; to dispute.
When those renowned noble peers Greece Through stubborn pride among
themselves did jar. Spenser.
For orders and degrees Jar not with liberty, but well consist.
Milton.

JAR
Jar, v. t.

1. To cause a short, tremulous motion of, to cause to tremble, as by
a sudden shock or blow; to shake; to shock; as, to jar the earth; to
jar one's faith.

2. To tick; to beat; to mark or tell off. [Obs.]
My thoughts are minutes, and with sighs they jar Their watches on
unto mine eyes. Shak.

JAR
Jar, n.

1. A rattling, tremulous vibration or shock; a shake; a harsh sound;
a discord; as, the jar of a train; the jar of harsh sounds.

2. Clash of interest or opinions; collision; discord; debate; slight
disagreement.
And yet his peace is but continual jar. Spenser.
Cease, cease these jars, and rest your minds in peace. Shak.

3. A regular vibration, as of a pendulum.
I love thee not a jar of the clock. Shak.

4. pl.

Defn: In deep well boring, a device resembling two long chain links,
for connecting a percussion drill to the rod or rope which works it,
so that the drill is driven down by impact and is jerked loose when
jammed.

JARARACA
Jar`a*ra"ca, n. Etym: [Pg., from the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A poisonous serpent of Brazil (Bothrops jararaca), about
eighteen inches long, and of a dusky, brownish color, variegated with
red and black spots.

JARBLE
Jar"ble, v. t.

Defn: To wet; to bemire. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

JARDINIERE
Jar`di`nière", n. Etym: [F., fem. of jardinier gardener. See Garden.]

Defn: An ornamental stand or receptacle for plants, flowers, etc.,
used as a piece of decorative furniture in room.

JARDS
Jards, n. Etym: [F. jarde, jardon.] (Far.)

Defn: A callous tumor on the leg of a horse, below the hock.

JARGLE
Jar"gle, v. i. Etym: [Cf. OSw. jerga to repeat angrily, to brawl,
Icel. jarg tedious iteration, F. jargonner to talk jargon. See Jargon
gabble.]

Defn: To emit a harsh or discordant sound. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

JARGON
Jar"gon, n. Etym: [F. jargon, OF. also gargon, perh. akin to E.
garrulous, or gargle.]

Defn: Confused, unintelligible language; gibberish; hence, an
artificial idiom or dialect; cant language; slang. "A barbarous
jargon." Macaulay. "All jargon of the schools." Prior.
The jargon which serves the traffickers. Johnson.

JARGON
Jar"gon, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jargon; p. pr. & vb. n. Jargoning.]

Defn: To utter jargon; to emit confused or unintelligible sounds; to
talk unintelligibly, or in a harsh and noisy manner.
The noisy jay, Jargoning like a foreigner at his food. Longfellow.

JARGON
Jar"gon, n. Etym: [E.jargon, It. jiargone; perh. fr. Pers. zarg gold-
colored, fr. zar gold. Cf. Zircon.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of zircon. See Zircon.

JARGONELLE
Jar`go*nelle", n. Etym: [F. jargonelle a very gritty variety of pear.
See Jargon zircon.]

Defn: A variety of pear which ripens early.

JARGONIC
Jar*gon"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the mineral jargon.

JARGONIST
Jar"gon*ist, n.

Defn: One addicted to jargon; one who uses cant or slang. Macaulay.

JARL
Jarl, n. Etym: [Icel., nobleman, chief. See Earl.]

Defn: A chief; an earl; in English history, one of the leaders in the
Danish and Norse invasions. Longfellow.

JARNUT
Jar"nut`, n. Etym: [Of Scand. origin: cf. Dan. jordnöd.] (Bot.)

Defn: An earthnut. Dr. Prior.

JAROSITE
Ja*ro"site, n. Etym: [From Barranco Jaroso, in Spain.] (Min.)

Defn: An ocher-yellow mineral occurring on minute rhombohedral
crystals. It is a hydrous sulphate of iron and potash.

JAR-OWL
Jar"-owl`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The goatsucker.

JARRAH
Jar"rah, n.

Defn: The mahoganylike wood of the Australian Eucalyptus marginata.
See Eucalyptus.

JARRING
Jar"ring, a. Etym: [See Jar.]

Defn: Shaking; disturbing; discordant. "A jarring sound." Dryden.

JARRING
Jar"ring n.

1. A shaking; a tremulous motion; as, the jarring of a steamship,
caused by its engines.

2. Discord; a clashing of interests. "Endless jarrings and immortal
hate." Dryden.

JARRINGLY
Jar"ring*ly, adv.

Defn: In a jarring or discordant manner.

JARVEY; JARVY
Jar"vey, Jar"vy, n.

1. The driver of a hackney coach. [Slang, Eng.] Carlyle.

2. A hackney coach. [Slang, Eng.]
The litter at the bottom of the jarvy. T. Hook.

JASEY
Ja"sey, n.

Defn: A wig; -- so called, perhaps, from being made of, or
resembling, Jersey yarn. Thackeray.

JASHAWK
Jas"hawk`, n. Etym: [A corruption of eyas hawk.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young hawk. Booth.

JASMINE
Jas"mine, n. Etym: [F. jasmin, Sp. jazmin, Ar. yasmin, Pers. yasmin;
cf. It. gesmino, gelsomino. Cf. Jessamine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A shrubby plant of the genus Jasminum, bearing flowers of a
peculiarly fragrant odor. The J. officinale, common in the south of
Europe, bears white flowers. The Arabian jasmine is J. Sambac, and,
with J. angustifolia, comes from the East Indies. The yellow false
jasmine in the Gelseminum sempervirens (see Gelsemium). Several other
plants are called jasmine in the West Indies, as species of
Calotropis and Faramea. [Written also jessamine.] Cape jasmine, or
Cape jessamine, the Gardenia florida, a shrub with fragrant white
flowers, a native of China, and hardy in the Southern United States.

JASP
Jasp, n.

Defn: Jasper. [Obs.] Spenser.

JASPACHATE
Jas"pa*chate, n. Etym: [L. iaspachates, Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Agate jasper. [Obs.]

JASPE
Ja`spé", a. [F., p.p. of jasper to mottle. See Jasper.] (Ceramics)

Defn: Having the surface decorated with cloudings and streaks,
somewhat as if imitating jasper.

JASPER
Jas"per, n. Etym: [OE. jaspre, jaspe, OF. jaspre, jaspe, F. jaspe, L.
iaspis, Gr. yashp, yashf, Ar.yashb, yasb, yasf, Heb. yashpheh. Cf.
Diaper.] (Min.)

Defn: An opaque, impure variety of quartz, of red, yellow, and other
dull colors, breaking with a smooth surface. It admits of a high
polish, and is used for vases, seals, snuff boxes, etc. When the
colors are in stripes or bands, it is called striped or banded
jasper. The Egyptian pebble is a brownish yellow jasper. Jasper opal,
a yellow variety of opal resembling jasper.
 -- Jasper ware, a delicate kind of earthenware invented by Josiah
Wedgwood. It is usually white, but is capable of receiving color.

JASPERATED
Jas"per*a`ted, a.

Defn: mixed with jasper; containing particles of jasper; as,
jasperated agate.

JASPERIZE
Jas"per*ize, v. t. Etym: [Usually p. p. Jasperized (

Defn: To convert into, or make to resemble, jasper.
Polished specimens of jasperized and agatized woods. Pop. Sci.
Monthly.

JASPERY
Jas"per*y, a.

Defn: Of the nature of jasper; mixed with jasper.

JASPIDEAN; JASPIDEOUS
Jas*pid"e*an, Jas*pid"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. iaspideus. See Jasper.]

Defn: Consisting of jasper, or containing jasper; jaspery;
jasperlike.

JASPILITE
Jas"pi*lite, n. Etym: [Jasper + -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A compact siliceous rock resembling jasper.

JASPOID
Jas"poid, a. Etym: [F. jaspoïde; jaspe jasper + Gr.

Defn: Resembling jasper. [R.]

JASPONYX
Jasp`o"nyx, n. Etym: [L. iasponyx, Gr. . See Jasper, and Onyx.]
(min.)

Defn: An onyx, part or all of whose layers consist of jasper.

JATROPHIC
Ja*troph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to physic nuts, the seeds of plants of the
genus Jatropha.

JAUNCE
Jaunce, v. i. Etym: [OF. jancer. Cf. Jounce, Jaunt.]

Defn: To ride hard; to jounce. [Obs.]
Spurr'd, galled and tired by jauncing Bolingbroke. Shak.

JAUNDICE
Jaun"dice, n. Etym: [OE. jaunis, F. jaunisse, fr. jaune yellow, orig.
jalne, fr. L. galbinus yellowish, fr. galbus yellow.] (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition, characterized by yellowness of the eyes,
skin, and urine, whiteness of the fæces, constipation, uneasiness in
the region of the stomach, loss of appetite, and general languor and
lassitude. It is caused usually by obstruction of the biliary
passages and consequent damming up, in the liver, of the bile, which
is then absorbed into the blood. Blue jaundice. See Cyanopathy.

JAUNDICE
Jaun"dice, v. t.

Defn: To affect with jaundice; to color by prejudice or envy; to
prejudice.
The envy of wealth jaundiced his soul. Ld. Lytton.

JAUNDICED
Jaun"diced, a.

1. affected with jaundice.
Jaundiced eyes seem to see all objects yellow. Bp. Hall.

2. Prejudiced; envious; as, a jaundiced judgment.

JAUNT
Jaunt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jaunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jaunting.] Etym:
[Cf. Scot. jaunder to ramble, jaunt to taunt, jeer, dial. Sw. ganta
to play the buffoon, romp, jest; perh. akin to E. jump. Cf. Jaunce.]

1. To ramble here and there; to stroll; to make an excursion.

2. To ride on a jaunting car. Jaunting car, a kind of low-set open
vehicle, used in Ireland, in which the passengers ride sidewise,
sitting back to back. [Written also jaunty car.] Thackeray.

JAUNT
Jaunt, v. t.

Defn: To jolt; to jounce. [Obs.] Bale.

JAUNT
Jaunt, n.

1. A wearisome journey. [R.]
Our Savior, meek, and with untroubled mind After his aëry jaunt,
though hurried sore. Hungry and cold, betook him to his rest. Milton.

2. A short excursion for pleasure or refreshment; a ramble; a short
journey.

JAUNTILY
Jaun"ti*ly, adv.

Defn: In a jaunty manner.

JAUNTINESS
Jaun"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being jaunty.
That jauntiness of air I was once master of. Addison.

JAUNTY
Jaun"ty, a. [Compar. Jauntier; superl. Jauntiest.] Etym: [Formerly
spelt janty, fr. F. gentil. See Gentle, and cf. Genty.]

Defn: Airy; showy; finical; hence, characterized by an affected or
fantastical manner.

JAVA
Ja"va, n.

1. One of the islands of the Malay Archipelago belonging to the
Netherlands.

2. Java coffee, a kind of coffee brought from Java. Java cat (Zoöl.),
the musang.
 -- Java sparrow (Zoöl.), a species of finch (Padda oryzivora),
native of Java, but very commonly kept as a cage bird; -- called also
ricebird, and paddy bird. In the male the upper parts are glaucous
gray, the head and tail black, the under parts delicate rose, and the
cheeks white. The bill is large and red. A white variety is also kept
as a cage bird.

JAVANESE
Jav`a*nese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Java, or to the people of Java.
 -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or natives of Java.

JAVEL
Jav"el, n.

Defn: A vagabond. [Obs.] Spenser.

JAVELIN
Jave"lin, n. Etym: [F. javeline; akin to Sp. jabalina, It. giavelina,
and F. javelot, OF. gavlot. Cf. Gavelock.]

Defn: A sort of light spear, to be thrown or cast by thew hand;
anciently, a weapon of war used by horsemen and foot soldiers; now
used chiefly in hunting the wild boar and other fierce game.
Flies the javelin swifter to its mark, Launched by the vigor of a
Roman arm Addison.

JAVELIN
Jave"lin, v. t.

Defn: To pierce with a javelin. [R.] Tennyson.

JAVELINIER
Jave`lin*ier", n.

Defn: A soldier armed with a javelin. Holland.

JAW
Jaw, n. Etym: [A modification of chaw, formed under the influence of
F. joue the cheek. See Chaw, Chew.]

1. (Anat.)
(a) One of the bones, usually bearing teeth, which form the framework
of the mouth.
(b) Hence, also, the bone itself with the teeth and covering.
(c) In the plural, the mouth.

2. Fig.: Anything resembling the jaw of an animal in form or action;
esp., pl., the mouth or way of entrance; as, the jaws of a pass; the
jaws of darkness; the jaws of death. Shak.

3. (Mach.)
(a) A notch or opening.
(b) A notched or forked part, adapted for holding an object in place;
as, the jaw of a railway-car pedestal. See Axle guard.
(b) One of a pair of opposing parts which are movable towards or from
each other, for grasping or crushing anything between them, as, the
jaws of a vise, or the jaws of a stone-crushing machine.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: The inner end of a boom or gaff, hollowed in a half circle so
as to move freely on a mast.

5.

Defn: Impudent or abusive talk. [Slang] H. Kingsley. Jaw bit
(Railroad), a bar across the jaws of a pedestal underneath an axle
box.
 -- Jaw breaker, a word difficult to pronounce. [Obs.] -- Jaw rope
(Naut.), a rope which holds the jaws of a gaff to the mast.
 -- Jaw tooth, a molar or grinder; a back tooth.

JAW
Jaw, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jawed; p. pr. & vb. n. Jawing.]

Defn: To scold; to clamor. [Law] Smollett.

JAW
Jaw, v. t.

Defn: To assail or abuse by scolding. [Law]

JAWBONE
Jaw"bone`, n.

Defn: The bone of either jaw; a maxilla or a mandible.

JAWED
Jawed, a.

Defn: Having jaws; -- chiefly in composition; as, lantern-jawed.
"Jawed like a jetty." Skelton.

JAW-FALL
Jaw"-fall`, n.

Defn: Depression of the jaw; hence, depression of spirits. M.
Griffith (1660).

JAW-FALLEN
Jaw"-fall`en, a.

Defn: Dejected; chopfallen.

JAWFOOT
Jaw"foot`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Maxilliped.

JAWING
Jaw"ing, n.

Defn: Scolding; clamorous or abusive talk. [Slang] H. Kingsley.

JAWN
Jawn, v. i.

Defn: See Yawn. [Obs.] Marston.

JAWY
Jaw"y, a.

Defn: Relating to the jaws. Gayton.

JAY
Jay, n. Etym: [F. geai, OF. gai, jaj, perh. fr. OHG. gahi. Cf. Gay.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of the numerous species of birds belonging to Garrulus,
Cyanocitta, and allied genera. They are allied to the crows, but are
smaller, more graceful in form, often handsomely colored, and usually
have a crest.

Note: The European jay (Garrulus glandarius) is a large and
handsomely colored species, having the body pale reddish brown,
lighter beneath; tail and wing quills blackish; the primary coverts
barred with bright blue and black; throat, tail coverts, and a large
spot on the wings, white. Called also jay pie, Jenny jay, and kæ. The
common blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata.), and the related species, are
brilliantly colored, and have a large erectile crest. The California
jay (Aphelocoma Californica), the Florida jay (A. Floridana), and the
green jay (Xanthoura luxuosa), of Texas and Mexico, are large,
handsome, crested species. The Canada jay (Perisoreus Canadensis),
and several allied species, are much plainer and have no crest. See
Blue jay, and Whisky jack. Jay thrush (Zoöl.), any one several
species of Asiatic singing birds, of the genera Garrulax,
Grammatoptila, and related genera of the family Crateropodidæ; as;
the white-throated jay thrush (G. albogularis), of India.

JAYET
Jay"et, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Jet. [Obs.]

JAYHAWKER
Jay"hawk`er, n.

Defn: A name given to a free-booting, unenlisted, armed man or
guerrilla.

Note: [A term of opprobrium used in the war of 1861-65, U. S.]

JAZEL
Ja"zel, n.

Defn: A gem of an azure color. [Obs.]

JAZERANT
Jaz"er*ant, n. Etym: [OF. jacerant, jaseran, Sp. jacerina, cota
jacerina, fr. jazarino Algerine, fr. Ar. jaza\'c6r Algiers.]

Defn: A coat of defense made of small plates of metal sewed upon
linen or the like; also, this kind of armor taken generally; as, a
coat of jazerant.

JEALOUS
Jeal"ous, a. Etym: [OE. jalous, gelus, OF. jalous, F. jaloux, LL.
zelosus zealous, fr. zelus emulation, zeal, jealousy, Gr. Zeal, and
cf. Zealous.]

1. Zealous; solicitous; vigilant; anxiously watchful.
I have been very jeolous for the Lord God of hosts. Kings xix. 10.
How nicely jealous is every one of us of his own repute! Dr. H. More.

2. Apprehensive; anxious; suspiciously watchful.
'This doing wrong creates such doubts as these, Renders us jealous
and disturbs our peace. Waller.
The people are so jealous of the clergy's ambition. Swift.

3. Exacting exclusive devotion; intolerant of rivalry.
Thou shalt worship no other God; for the Lord, whose name is Jealous,
is a jealous God. Ex. xxxiv. 14.

4. Disposed to suspect rivalry in matters of interest and affection;
apprehensive regarding the motives of possible rivals, or the
fidelity of friends; distrustful; having morbid fear of rivalry in
love or preference given to another; painfully suspicious of the
faithfulness of husband, wife, or lover.
If the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his
wife. Num. v. 14.
To both these sisters have I sworn my love: Each jealous of the
other, as the stung Are of the adder. Shak.
It is one of the best bonds, both of chastity and obedience, in the
wife, if she think her husband wise; which she will never do if she
find him jealous. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Suspicious; anxious; envious. Jealous, Suspicious. Suspicious is
the wider term. We suspect a person when we distrust his honesty and
imagine he has some bad design. We are jealous when we suspect him of
aiming to deprive us of what we dearly prize. Iago began by awakening
the suspicions of Othello, and converted them at last into jealousy.
"Suspicion may be excited by some kind of accusation, not supported
by evidence sufficient for conviction, but sufficient to trouble the
repose of confidence." "Jealousy is a painful apprehension of
rivalship in cases that are peculiarly interesting to us." Cogan.

JEALOUSHOOD
Jeal"ous*hood, n.

Defn: Jealousy. [Obs.] Shak.

JEALOUSLY
Jeal"ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a jealous manner.

JEALOUSNESS
Jeal"ous*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being jealous.

JEALOUSY
Jeal"ous*y, n.; pl. Jealousies. Etym: [ F. jalousie. See Jealous, and
cf. Jalousie.]

Defn: The quality of being jealous; earnest concern or solicitude;
painful apprehension of rivalship in cases nearly affecting one's
happiness; painful suspicion of the faithfulness of husband, wife, or
lover.
I was jealous for jealousy. Zech. viii. 2.
Jealousy is the . . . apprehension of superiority. Shenstone.
Whoever had qualities to alarm our jealousy, had excellence to
deserve our fondness. Rambler.

JEAMES
Jeames, n. Etym: [Corrup. of James.]

Defn: A footman; a flunky. [Slang, Eng.] Thackeray.

JEAN
Jean, n. Etym: [Prob. named from Genoa. See Jane.]

Defn: A twilled cotton cloth. Satin jean, a kind of jean woven smooth
and glossy, after the manner of satin.

JEARS
Jears, n. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: See 1st Jeer (b).

JEAT
Jeat, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Jet. [Obs.]

JEDDING AX
Jed"ding ax`, n.

Defn: A stone mason's tool, having a flat face and a pointed part.
Knight.

JEE
Jee, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Gee.

JEEL
Jeel, n. Etym: [Hind. jhil.]

Defn: A morass; a shallow lake. [Written also jhil.] [India]
Whitworth.

JEER
Jeer, n. Etym: [Cf. Gear.] (Naut.)
(a) A gear; a tackle. (b) pl.

Defn: An assemblage or combination of tackles, for hoisting or
lowering the lower yards of a ship. Jeer capstan (Naut.), an extra
capstan usually placed between the foremast and mainmast.

JEER
Jeer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jeered; p. pr. & vb. n. Jeering.] Etym:
[Perh. a corrup. of cheer to salute with cheers, taken in an ironical
sense; or more prob. fr. D. gekscheren to jeer, lit., to shear the
fool; gek a fool (see 1st Geck) + scheren to shear. See Shear, v.]

Defn: To utter sarcastic or scoffing reflections; to speak with
mockery or derision; to use taunting language; to scoff; as, to jeer
at a speaker.
But when he saw her toy and gibe and jeer. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- To sneer; scoff; flout; gibe; mock.

JEER
Jeer, v. t.

Defn: To treat with scoffs or derision; to address with jeers; to
taunt; to flout; to mock at.
And if we can not jeer them, we jeer ourselves. B. Jonson.

JEER
Jeer, n.

Defn: A railing remark or reflection; a scoff; a taunt; a biting
jest; a flout; a jibe; mockery.
Midas, exposed to all their jeers, Had lost his art, and kept his
ears. Swift.

JEERER
Jeer"er, n.

Defn: A scoffer; a railer; a mocker.

JEERING
Jeer"ing, a.

Defn: Mocking; scoffing.
 -- n.

Defn: A mocking utterance.
 -- Jeer"ing*ly, adv.

JEERS
Jeers, n. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: See 1st Jeer (b).

JEFFERSONIA
Jef`fer*so"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named after Thomas Jefferson.] (Bot.)

Defn: An American herb with a pretty, white, solitary blossom, and
deeply two-cleft leaves (Jeffersonia diphylla); twinleaf.

JEFFERSONIAN
Jef`fer*so"ni*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characteristic of, Thomas Jefferson or his
policy or political doctrines. Lowell.

JEFFERSONIAN SIMPLICITY
Jeffersonian simplicity.

Defn: The absence of pomp or display which Jefferson aimed at in his
administration as President (1801-1809), eschewing display or
ceremony tending to distinguish the President from the people, as in
going to the capital on horseback and with no escort, the abolition
of court etiquette and the weekly levee, refusal to recognize titles
of honor, etc.

JEFFERSONITE
Jef"fer*son*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Thomas Jefferson.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of pyroxene of olive-green color passing into brown.
It contains zinc.

JEG
Jeg, n. (Mach.)

Defn: See Jig, 6.

JEHOVAH
Je*ho"vah, n. Etym: [Heb. usually yêhovah (with the vowel points of
âdonai Lord), sometimes (to avoid repetition) yêhovih (with the vowel
points of êlohim God); but only the four Heb, consonants yhvh are
conceded to be certainly known.]

Defn: A Scripture name of the Supreme Being, by which he was revealed
to the Jews as their covenant God or Sovereign of the theocracy; the
"ineffable name" of the Supreme Being, which was not pronounced by
the Jews.

JEHOVIST
Je*ho"vist, n.

1. One who maintains that the vowel points of the word Jehovah, in
Hebrew, are the proper vowels of that word; -- opposed to adonist.

2. The writer of the passages of the Old Testament, especially those
of the Pentateuch, in which the Supreme Being is styled Jehovah. See
Elohist.
The characteristic manner of the Jehovist differs from that of his
predecessor [the Elohist]. He is fuller and freer in his
descriptions; more reflective in his assignment of motives and
causes; more artificial in mode of narration. S. Davidson.

JEHOVISTIC
Je`ho*vis"tic, a.

Defn: Relating to, or containing, Jehovah, as a name of God; -- said
of certain parts of the Old Testament, especially of the Pentateuch,
in which Jehovah appears as the name of the Deity. See Elohistic.

JEHU
Je"hu, n. Etym: [From Jehu, son of Nimshi. 2 Kings ix. 20.]

Defn: A coachman; a driver; especially, one who drives furiously.
[Colloq.]

JEJUNAL
Je*ju"nal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the jejunum.

JEJUNE
Je*june", a. Etym: [L. jejunus fasting, hungry, dry, barren, scanty;
of unknown origin.]

1. Lacking matter; empty; void of substance.

2. Void of interest; barren; meager; dry; as, a jejune narrative. -
Je*june"ly, adv.
 -- Je*june"ness, n. Bacon.

JEJUNITY
Je*ju"ni*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being jejune; jejuneness.

JEJUNUM
Je*ju"num, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. jejunus empty, dry.] (Anat.)

Defn: The middle division of the small intestine, between the
duodenum and ileum; -- so called because usually found empty after
death.

JELERANG
Jel"er*ang, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, handsome squirrel (Sciurus Javensis), native of Java
and Southern Asia; -- called also Java squirrel.

JELL
Jell, v. i.

Defn: To jelly. [Colloq.]

JELLIED
Jel"lied, a.

Defn: Brought to the state or consistence of jelly.

JELLIFY
Jel"li*fy, v. t. & i.  [imp. & p. p. Jellified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Jellifying.]

Defn: To make, or to become, gelatinous; to jelly. --
Jel`li*fi*ca"tion (#), n.

JELLY
Jel"ly, n.; pl. Jellies. Etym: [ Formerly gelly, gely, F. gelée
jelly, frost, fr. geler to freeze. L. gelare; akin to gelu frost. See
Gelid.]

1. Anything brought to a gelatinous condition; a viscous, translucent
substance in a condition between liquid and solid; a stiffened
solution of gelatin, gum, or the like.

2. The juice of fruits or meats boiled with sugar to an elastic
consistence; as, currant jelly; calf's-foot jelly. Jelly bag, a bag
through which the material for jelly is strained.
 -- Jelly mold, a mold for forming jelly in ornamental shapes.
 -- Jelly plant (Bot.), Australian name of an edible seaweed
(Eucheuma speciosum), from which an excellent jelly is made. J.
Smith.
 -- Jelly powder, an explosive, composed of nitroglycerin and
collodion cotton; -- so called from its resemblance to calf's-foot
jelly.

JELLY
Jel"ly, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jellied; p. pr. & vb. n. Jellying.]

Defn: To become jelly; to come to the state or consistency of jelly.

JELLYFISH
Jel"ly*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of the acalephs, esp. one of the larger species, having
a jellylike appearance. See Medusa.

JEMIDAR
Jem"i*dar`, n. Etym: [Per. & Hind. jama-dar.]

Defn: The chief or leader of a hand or body of persons; esp., in the
native army of India, an officer of a rank corresponding to that of
lieutenant in the English army. [Written also jemadar, jamadar.]

JEMLAH GOAT
Jem"lah goat`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The jharal.

JEMMINESS
Jem"mi*ness, n.

Defn: Spruceness. [Slang, Eng.] Pegge (1814).

JEMMY
Jem"my, a. Etym: [Cf. Gim, and Gimp, a.]

Defn: Spruce. [Slang, Eng.] Smart.

JEMMY
Jem"my, n.

1. A short crowbar. See Jimmy.

2. A baked sheep's head. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens.

JENIQUEN
Je*ni"quen, n. Etym: [Sp. jeniquen.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Mexican name for the Sisal hemp (Agave rigida, var.
Sisalana); also, its fiber. [Written also heniequen.]

JENITE
Je"nite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Yenite.

JENKINS
Jen"kins, n.

Defn: name of contempt for a flatterer of persons high in social or
official life; as, the Jenkins employed by a newspaper. [Colloq. Eng.
& U.S.] G. W. Curtis.

JENNET
Jen"net, n. Etym: [F. genet, Sp. jinete, orig., a mounted soldier,
Ar. zenata a tribe of Barbary celebrated for its cavalry.]

Defn: A small Spanish horse; a genet.

JENNETING
Jen"net*ing, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. a dim. of Jean John, so named as
becoming ripe about St. John's day, June 24. F. Jean is fr. L.
Johannes. See Zany.]

Defn: A variety of early apple. See Juneating. [Written also
geniting.]

JENNY
Jen"ny, n.; pl. Jennies (.

1. A familiar or pet form of the proper name Jane.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A familiar name of the European wren. Jenny ass (Zoöl.), a
female ass.

JENNY
Jen"ny, n. Etym: [A corruption of gin an engine; influenced by Jenny,
the proper name. See Gin an engine, and cf. Ginny-carriage.]

Defn: A machine for spinning a number of threads at once, -- used in
factories.

JENTLING
Jent"ling, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of the genus Leuciscus; the blue chub of the Danube.

JEOFAIL
Jeof"ail, n. Etym: [F. j'ai failli I have failed.] (Law)

Defn: An oversight in pleading, or the acknowledgment of a mistake or
oversight. Blackstone.

JEOPARD
Jeop"ard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jeoparded; p. pr. & vb. n. Jeoparding.]
Etym: [From Jeopardy.]

Defn: To put in jeopardy; to expose to loss or injury; to imperil; to
hazard. Sir T. North.
A people that jeoparded their lives unto the death. Judg. v. 18.

Syn.
 -- To hazard; risk; imperil; endanger; expose.

JEOPARDER
Jeop"ard*er, n.

Defn: One who puts in jeopardy. [R.]

JEOPARDIZE
Jeop"ard*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jeopardized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Jeopardizing.]

Defn: To expose to loss or injury; to risk; to jeopard.
That he should jeopardize his willful head Only for spite at me. H.
Taylor.

JEOPARDOUS
Jeop"ard*ous, a.

Defn: Perilous; hazardous.
His goodly, valiant, and jeopardous enterprise. Fuller.
-- Jeop"ard*ous*ly, adv. Huloet.

JEOPARDY
Jeop"ard*y, n. Etym: [OE. jupartie, juperti, jeuparti, OF. jeu parti
an even game, a game in which the chances are even; OF. jeu, ju, F.
jeu (L. jocus jest) + F. partier to divide, L. partire to divide. See
Joke, and Part.]

Defn: Exposure to death, loss, or injury; hazard; danger.
There came down a storm of wind on the lake; and they were filled
with water, and were in jeopardy. Luke viii. 23.
Look to thyself, thou art in jeopardy. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Danger; peril; hazard; risk. See Danger.

JEOPARDY
Jeop"ard*y, v. t.

Defn: To jeopardize. [R.] Thackeray.

JEQUIRITY; JEQUIRITY BEAN
Je*quir"i*ty, n., or Je*quir"i*ty bean`. [Prob. fr. a native name.]
(Bot.)

Defn: The seed of the wild licorice (Abrus precatorius) used by the
people of India for beads in rosaries and necklaces, as a standard
weight, etc.; -- called also jumble bead.

JERBOA
Jer*bo"a, n. Etym: [Ar. yarb.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small jumping rodent of the genus Dipus, esp. D. Ægyptius,
which is common in Egypt and the adjacent countries. The jerboas have
very long hind legs and a long tail. [Written also gerboa.]

Note: The name is also applied to other small jumping rodents, as the
Pedetes Caffer, of the Cape of Good Hope. Jerboa kangaroo (Zoöl.),
small Australian kangaroo (Bettongia penicillata), about the size of
a common hare.

JEREED
Jer*eed", n. Etym: [Ar. jerid. Cf. Djereed.]

Defn: A blunt javelin used by the people of the Levant, especially in
mock fights. [Written also jerreed, jerid.] Byron.

JEREMIAD; JEREMIADE
Jer`e*mi"ad, Jer`e*mi"ade, n. Etym: [From Jeremiah, the prophet: cf.
F. jérémiade.]

Defn: A tale of sorrow, disappointment, or complaint; a doleful
story; a dolorous tirade; -- generally used satirically.
He has prolonged his complaint into an endless jeremiad. Lamb.

JERFALCON
Jer"fal`con, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gyrfalcon.

JERGUER
Jer"guer, n.

Defn: See Jerquer.

JERID
Jer*id", n.

Defn: Same as Jereed.

JERK
Jerk, v. t. Etym: [Corrupted from Peruv. charqui dried beef.]

Defn: To cut into long slices or strips and dry in the sun; as, jerk
beef. See Charqui.

JERK
Jerk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jerked; p. pr. & vb. n. Jerking.] Etym:
[Akin to yerk, and perh. also to yard a measure.]

1. To beat; to strike. [Obs.] Florio.

2. To give a quick and suddenly arrested thrust, push, pull, or
twist, to; to yerk; as, to jerk one with the elbow; to jerk a coat
off.

3. To throw with a quick and suddenly arrested motion of the hand;
as, to jerk a stone.

JERK
Jerk, v. i.

1. To make a sudden motion; to move with a start, or by starts.
Milton.

2. To flout with contempt.

JERK
Jerk, n.

1. A short, sudden pull, thrust, push, twitch, jolt, shake, or
similar motion.
His jade gave him a jerk. B. Jonson.

2. A sudden start or spring.
Lobsters . . . swim backwards by jerks or springs. Grew.

JERKER
Jerk"er, n.

1. A beater. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. One who jerks or moves with a jerk.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A North American river chub (Hybopsis biguttatus).

JERKIN
Jer"kin, n. Etym: [Dim. of D. jurk a frock.]

Defn: A jacket or short coat; a close waistcoat. Shak.

JERKIN
Jer"kin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A male gyrfalcon.

JERKING
Jerk"ing, n.

Defn: The act of pulling, pushing, or throwing, with a jerk.
 -- Jerk"ing*ly, adv.

JERKINHEAD
Jer"kin*head`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The hipped part of a roof which is hipped only for a part of
its height, leaving a truncated gable.

JERKY
Jerk"y, a.

Defn: Moving by jerks and starts; characterized by abrupt
transitions; as, a jerky vehicle; a jerky style.

JERMOONAL
Jer*moon"al, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Himalayan now partridge.

JERONYMITE
Je*ron"y*mite, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One belonging of the mediæval religious orders called Hermits
of St. Jerome. [Written also Hieronymite.]

JEROPIGIA
Jer`o*pig"i*a, n.

Defn: See Geropigia.

JERQUER
Jer"quer, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chercher to search, E. search.]

Defn: A customhouse officer who searches ships for unentered goods.
[Eng.] [Written also jerguer.]

JERQUING
Jer"quing, n.

Defn: The searching of a ship for unentered goods. [Eng.] [Written
also jerguer.]

JERQUING
Jer"quing, n.

Defn: The searching of a ship for unentered goods. [Eng.]

JERRY-BUILDER
Jer"ry-build`er, n. [Prob. fr. the proper name Jerry, familiar form
of Jeremiah.]

Defn: A professional builder who erects cheap dwellings of poor
materials and unsubstantial and slovenly construction.

JERRY-BUILT
Jer"ry-built`, a.

Defn: Built hastily and of bad materials; as, jerry-built houses.
[Colloq. Eng.]

JERSEY
Jer"sey, n.; pl. Jerseys. Etym: [From Jersey, the largest of the
Channel Islands.]

1. The finest of wool separated from the rest; combed wool; also,
fine yarn of wool.

2. A kind of knitted jacket; hence, in general, a closefitting jacket
or upper garment made of an elastic fabric (as stockinet).

3. One of a breed of cattle in the Island of Jersey. Jerseys are
noted for the richness of their milk.

JERUSALEM
Je*ru"sa*lem, n. Etym: [Gr. Y.]

Defn: The chief city of Palestine, intimately associated with the
glory of the Jewish nation, and the life and death of Jesus Christ.
Jerusalem artichoke Etym: [Perh. a corrupt. of It. girasole i.e.,
sunflower, or turnsole. See Gyre, Solar.] (Bot.) (a) An American
plant, a perennial species of sunflower (Helianthus tuberosus), whose
tubers are sometimes used as food. (b) One of the tubers themselves.
 -- Jerusalem cherry (Bot.), the popular name of either of either of
two species of Solanum (S. Pseudo-capsicum and S. capsicastrum),
cultivated as ornamental house plants. They bear bright red berries
of about the size of cherries.
 -- Jerusalem oak (Bot.), an aromatic goosefoot (Chenopodium Botrys),
common about houses and along roadsides.
 -- Jerusalem sage (Bot.), a perennial herb of the Mint family
(Phlomis tuberosa).
 -- Jerusalem thorn (Bot.), a spiny, leguminous tree (Parkinsonia
aculeata), widely dispersed in warm countries, and used for hedges.
 -- The New Jerusalem, Heaven; the Celestial City.

JERVINE
Jer"vine, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. Sp. yerba herb, OSp., the poison of the
veratrum.] (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous alkaloid resembling veratrine, and found with it in
white hellebore (Veratrum album); -- called also jervina.

JESS
Jess, n.; pl. Jesses. Etym: [OF. gies, giez, prop. pl. of giet, get,
jet, F. jet, a throwing, jess. See Jet a shooting forth.] (falconry)

Defn: A short strap of leather or silk secured round the leg of a
hawk, to which the leash or line, wrapped round the falconer's hand,
was attached when used. See Illust. of Falcon.
Like a hawk, which feeling freed From bells and jesses which did let
her flight. Spenser.

JESSAMINE
Jes"sa*mine, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Jasmine.

JESSANT
Jes"sant, a. (Her.)

Defn: Springing up or emerging; -- said of a plant or animal.

JESSE
Jes"se, n. Etym: [LL.Jesse, the father of David, fr. Gr. Yishai.]

Defn: Any representation or suggestion of the genealogy of Christ, in
decorative art; as:
(a) A genealogical tree represented in stained glass.
(b) A candlestick with many branches, each of which bears the name of
some one of the descendants of Jesse; -- called also tree of Jesse.
Jesse window (Arch.), a window of which the glazing and tracery
represent the tree of Jesse.

JESSED
Jessed, a. (Her.)

Defn: Having jesses on, as a hawk.

JEST
Jest, n. Etym: [OE. jeste, geste, deed, action, story, tale, OF.
geste, LL. gesta, orig., exploits, neut. pl. from L. gestus, p. p. of
gerere to bear, carry, accomplish, perform; perh. orig., to make to
come, bring, and perh. akin to E. come. Cf. Gest a deed, Register,
n.]

1. A deed; an action; a gest. [Obs.]
The jests or actions of princes. Sir T. Elyot.

2. A mask; a pageant; an interlude. [Obs.] Nares.
He promised us, in honor of our guest, To grace our banquet with some
pompous jest. Kyd.

3. Something done or said in order to amuse; a joke; a witticism; a
jocose or sportive remark or phrase. See Synonyms under Jest, v. i.
I must be sad . . . smile at no man's jests. Shak.
The Right Honorable gentleman is indebted to his memory for his
jests, and to his imagination for his facts. Sheridan.

4. The object of laughter or sport; a laughingstock.
Then let me be your jest; I deserve it. Shak.
In jest, for mere sport or diversion; not in truth and reality; not
in earnest.
And given in earnest what I begged in jest. Shak.
-- Jest book, a book containing a collection of jests, jokes, and
amusing anecdotes; a Joe Miller.

JEST
Jest, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jested; p. pr. & vb. n. Jesting.]

1. To take part in a merrymaking; -- especially, to act in a mask or
interlude. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To make merriment by words or actions; to joke; to make light of
anything.
He jests at scars that never felt a wound. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To joke; sport; rally.
 -- To Jest, Joke. One jests in order to make others laugh; one jokes
to please himself. A jest is usually at the expense of another, and
is often ill-natured; a joke is a sportive sally designed to promote
good humor without wounding the feelings of its object. "Jests are,
therefore, seldom harmless; jokes frequently allowable. The most
serious subject may be degraded by being turned into a jest." Crabb.

JESTER
Jest"er, n. Etym: [Cf. Gestour.]

1. A buffoon; a merry-andrew; a court fool.
This . . . was Yorick's skull, the king's jester. Shak.
Dressed in the motley garb that jesters wear. Longfellow.

2. A person addicted to jesting, or to indulgence in light and
amusing talk.
He ambled up and down With shallow jesters. Shak.

JESTFUL
Jest"ful, a.

Defn: Given to jesting; full of jokes.

JESTING
Jest"ing, a.

Defn: Sportive; not serious; fit for jests.
He will find that these are no jesting matters. Macaulay
.

JESTING
Jest"ing, n.

Defn: The act or practice of making jests; joking; pleasantry. Eph.
v. 4.

JESTINGLY
Jest"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a jesting manner.

JESU
Je"su, n. [L., vocative and oblique cases of Jesus.]

Defn: Jesus. [Poetical]

Jesu, give the weary
Calm and sweet repose.
S. Baring-Gould.

JESUIT
Jes"u*it, n. Etym: [F. Jésuite, Sp. Jesuita: cf. It. Gesuita.]

1. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: One of a religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola, and
approved in 1540, under the title of The Society of Jesus.

Note: The order consists of Scholastics, the Professed, the Spiritual
Coadjutors, and the Temporal Coadjutors or Lay Brothers. The Jesuit
novice after two years becomes a Scholastic, and takes his first vows
of poverty, chastity, and obedience simply. Some years after, at the
close of a second novitiate, he takes his second vows and is ranked
among the Coadjutors or Professed. The Professed are bound by a
fourth vow, from which only the pope can dispense, requiring them to
go wherever the pope may send them for missionary duty. The
Coadjutors teach in the schools, and are employed in general
missionary labors. The Society is governed by a General who holds
office for life. He has associated with him "Assistants" (five at the
present time), representing different provinces. The Society was
first established in the United States in 1807. The Jesuits have
displayed in their enterprises a high degree of zeal, learning, and
skill, but, by their enemies, have been generally reputed to use art
and intrigue in promoting or accomplishing their purposes, whence the
words Jesuit, Jesuitical, and the like, have acquired an opprobrious
sense.

2. Fig.: A crafty person; an intriguer. Jesuits' bark, Peruvian bark,
or the bark of certain species of Cinchona; -- so called because its
medicinal properties were first made known in Europe by Jesuit
missionaries to South America.
 -- Jesuits' drops. See Friar's balsam, under Friar.
 -- Jesuits' nut, the European water chestnut.
 -- Jesuits' powder, powdered cinchona bark.
 -- Jesuits' tea, a Chilian leguminous shrub, used as a tea and
medicinally.

JESUITED
Jes"u*it*ed, a.

Defn: Conforming to the principles of the Jesuits. Milton.

JESUITESS
Jes"u*it*ess, n. Etym: [Cf. F. Jésuitesse.] (R. C. Hist.)

Defn: One of an order of nuns established on the principles of the
Jesuits, but suppressed by Pope Urban in 1633.

JESUITIC; JESUITICAL
Jes`u*it"ic, Jes`u*it"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. jésuitique.]

1. Of or pertaining to the Jesuits, or to their principles and
methods.

2. Designing; cunning; deceitful; crafty; -- an opprobrious use of
the word. Dryden.

JESUITICALLY
Jes`u*it"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a jesuitical manner.

JESUITISM
Jes"u*it*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. jésuitisme.]

1. The principles and practices of the Jesuits.

2. Cunning; deceit; deceptive practices to effect a purpose; subtle
argument; -- an opprobrious use of the word.

JESUITOCRACY
Jes`u*it*oc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Jesuit + -cracy, as in aristocracy.]

Defn: Government by Jesuits; also, the whole body of Jesuits in a
country. [R.] C. Kingsley.

JESUITRY
Jes"u*it*ry, n.

Defn: Jesuitism; subtle argument. [R.] Carlyle.

JESUS
Je"sus, n. Etym: [L. Jesus, Gr. Yésh; Yah Jehovah + h to help.]

Defn: The Savior; the name of the Son of God as announced by the
angel to his parents; the personal name of Our Lord, in distinction
from Christ, his official appellation. Luke i. 31.
Thou shalt call his name Jesus; for he shall save his people from
their sins. Matt. i. 21.

Note: The form Jesu is often used, esp. in the vocative.
Jesu, do thou my soul receive. Keble.
The Society of Jesus. See Jesuit.

JET
Jet, n.

Defn: Same as 2d Get. [Obs.] Chaucer.

JET
Jet, n. Etym: [OF. jet, jayet, F. jaïet, jais, L. gagates, fr. Gr.
[written also jeat, jayet.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of lignite, of a very compact texture and velvet
black color, susceptible of a good polish, and often wrought into
mourning jewelry, toys, buttons, etc. Formerly called also black
amber. Jet ant (Zoöl.), a blackish European ant (Formica fuliginosa),
which builds its nest of a paperlike material in the trunks of trees.

JET
Jet, n. Etym: [F. jet, OF. get, giet, L. jactus a throwing, a throw,
fr. jacere to throw. Cf. Abject, Ejaculate, Gist, Jess, Jut.]

1. A shooting forth; a spouting; a spurt; a sudden rush or gush, as
of water from a pipe, or of flame from an orifice; also, that which
issues in a jet.

2. Drift; scope; range, as of an argument. [Obs.]

3. The sprue of a type, which is broken from it when the type is
cold. Knight. Jet propeller (Naut.), a device for propelling vessels
by means of a forcible jet of water ejected from the vessel, as by a
centrifugal pump.
 -- Jet pump, a device in which a small jet of steam, air, water, or
other fluid, in rapid motion, lifts or otherwise moves, by its
impulse, a larger quantity of the fluid with which it mingles.

JET
Jet, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jetted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jetting.] Etym: [F.
jeter, L. jactare, freq. fr. jacere to throw. See 3d Jet, and cf.
Jut.]

1. To strut; to walk with a lofty or haughty gait; to be insolent; to
obtrude. [Obs.]
he jets under his advanced plumes! Shak.
To jet upon a prince's right. Shak.

2. To jerk; to jolt; to be shaken. [Obs.] Wiseman.

3. To shoot forward or out; to project; to jut out.

JET
Jet, v. t.

Defn: To spout; to emit in a stream or jet.
A dozen angry models jetted steam. Tennyson.

JET-BLACK
Jet"-black`, a.

Defn: Black as jet; deep black.

JET D'EAU
Jet` d'eau", pl. Jets d'eau (. Etym: [F., a throw of water. See Jet a
shooting forth.]

Defn: A stream of water spouting from a fountain or pipe (especially
from one arranged to throw water upward), in a public place or in a
garden, for ornament.

JETERUS
Jet"e*rus, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A yellowness of the parts of plants which are normally green;
yellows.

JETSAM; JETSON
Jet"sam, Jet"son, n. Etym: [F. jeter to throw: cf. OF. getaison a
throwing. Cf. Flotsam, Jettison.]

1. (Mar. Law)

Defn: Goods which sink when cast into the sea, and remain under
water; -- distinguished from flotsam, goods which float, and ligan,
goods which are sunk attached to a buoy.

2. Jettison. See Jettison, 1.

JETTEAU
Jet"teau, n.

Defn: See Jet d'eau. [R.] Addison.

JETTEE
Jet"tee, n.

Defn: See Jetty, n. Burke.

JETTER
Jet"ter, n.

Defn: One who struts; one who bears himself jauntily; a fop. [Obs.]
Palsgrave.

JETTINESS
Jet"ti*ness (-ti*nes). n.

Defn: The state of being jetty; blackness. Pennant.

JETTISON
Jet"ti*son. n. Etym: [See Jetsam.]

1. (Mar. Law)

Defn: The throwing overboard of goods from necessity, in order to
lighten a vessel in danger of wreck.

2. See Jetsam, 1.

JETTON
Jet"ton, n. Etym: [F. jeton.]

Defn: A metal counter used in playing cards.

JETTY
Jet"ty, a.

Defn: Made of jet, or like jet in color.
The people . . . are of a jetty. Sir T. Browne.

JETTY
Jet"ty, n.; pl. Jetties. Etym: [F.jetée a pier, a jetty, a causeway.
See Jet a shooting forth, and cf. Jutty.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A part of a building that jets or projects beyond the rest, and
overhangs the wall below.

2. A wharf or pier extending from the shore.

3. (Hydraul. Engin.)

Defn: A structure of wood or stone extended into the sea to influence
the current or tide, or to protect a harbor; a mole; as, the Eads
system of jetties at the mouth of the Mississippi River. Jetty ad
(Naut.), a projecting part at the end of a wharf; the front of a
wharf whose side forms one of the cheeks of a dock.

JETTY
Jet"ty, v. i.

Defn: To jut out; to project. [Obs.] Florio.

JEU D'ESPRIT
Jeu" d'es`prit". Etym: [F., play of mind.]

Defn: A witticism.

JEUNESSE DOREE
Jeu`nesse" do`rée". [F.]

Defn: Lit., gilded youth; young people of wealth and fashion, esp. if
given to prodigal living; -- in the French Revolution, applied to
young men of the upper classes who aided in suppressing the Jacobins
after the Reign of Terror.

JEW
Jew, n. Etym: [OF. Juis, pl., F. Juif, L. Judaeus, Gr. Y Judah, son
of Jacob. Cf. Judaic.]

Defn: Originally, one belonging to the tribe or kingdom of Judah;
after the return from the Babylonish captivity, any member of the new
state; a Hebrew; an Israelite. Jew's frankincense, gum styrax, or
benzoin.
 -- Jew's mallow (Bot.), an annual herb (Corchorus olitorius)
cultivated in Syria and Egypt as a pot herb, and in India for its
fiber.
 -- Jew's pitch, asphaltum; bitumen.
 -- The Wandering Jew, an imaginary personage, who, for his cruelty
to the Savior during his passion, is doomed to wander on the earth
till Christ's second coming.

JEWBUSH
Jew"bush`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A euphorbiaceous shrub of the genus Pedilanthus (P.
tithymaloides), found in the West Indies, and possessing powerful
emetic and drastic qualities.

JEWEL
Jew"el, n. Etym: [OE. juel, jowel, OF. jouel, juel, joiel, F. joyau,
dim. of OF. joie joy, jewel, F. joie joy. See Joy.]

1. An ornament of dress usually made of a precious metal, and having
enamel or precious stones as a part of its design.
Plate of rare device, and jewels Of rich and exquisite form. Shak.

2. A precious stone; a gem. Shak.

3. An object regarded with special affection; a precious thing. "Our
prince (jewel of children)." Shak.

4. A bearing for a pivot a pivot in a watch, formed of a crystal or
precious stone, as a ruby. Jewel block (Naut.), block at the
extremity of a yard, through which the halyard of a studding sail is
rove.

JEWEL
Jew"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jeweled, or Jewelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Jeweling, or Jewelling.]

Defn: To dress, adorn, deck, or supply with jewels, as a dress, a
sword hilt, or a watch; to bespangle, as with jewels.
The long gray tufts . . . are jeweled thick with dew. M. Arnold.

JEWELER
Jew"el*er, n. Etym: [Cf. F.joaillier.]

Defn: One who makes, or deals in, jewels, precious stones, and
similar ornaments. [Written also jeweller.] Jeweler's gold. See under
Gold.

JEWELLERY
Jew"el*ler*y, n.

Defn: See Jewelry. Burke.

JEWELRY
Jew"el*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. joaillerie.]

1. The art or trade of a jeweler. Cotgrave.

2. Jewels, collectively; as, a bride's jewelry.

JEWELWEED
Jew"el*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Impatiens.

JEWESS
Jew"ess, n., fem. of Jew.

Defn: A Hebrew woman.

JEWFISH
Jew"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

1. A very large serranoid fish (Promicrops itaiara) of Florida and
the Gulf of Mexico. It often reaches the weight of five hundred
pounds. Its color is olivaceous or yellowish, with numerous brown
spots. Called also guasa, and warsaw.

2. A similar gigantic fish (Stereolepis gigas) of Southern
California, valued as a food fish.

3. The black grouper of Florida and Texas.

4. A large herringlike fish; the tarpum.

JEWISE
Jew*ise", n.

Defn: Same as Juise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

JEWISH
Jew"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Jews or Hebrews; characteristic of or
resembling the Jews or their customs; Israelitish.
 -- Jew"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Jew"ish*ness, n.

JEWISH CALENDAR
Jew"ish cal"en*dar.

Defn: A lunisolar calendar in use among Hebraic peoples, reckoning
from the year 3761 b. c., the date traditionally given for the
Creation. It received its present fixed form from Hillel II. about
360 a. d. The present names of the months, which are Babylonian-
Assyrian in origin, replaced older ones, Abib, Bul, etc., at the time
of the Babylonian Exile. Nineteen years constitute a lunar cycle, of
which the 3d, 6th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th, and 19th years are leap
years. The year 5663 [1902-3 a. d.] was the first year of the 299th
lunar cycle. The common year is said to be defective, regular, or
perfect (or abundant) according as it has 353, 354, or 355 days. The
leap year has an intercalary month, and a total of 383 (defective),
384 (regular), or 385 (perfect, or abundant) days. The calendar is
complicated by various rules providing for the harmonious arrangement
of festivals, etc., so that no simple perpetual calendar can be
constructed. The following table gives the months in order, with the
number of days assigned to each. Only three months vary in length.
They are: Heshvan, which has 30 days in perfect years; Kislev, which
has 30 days in regular and perfect years; and Adar, which has 30 days
in leap years. The ecclesiastical year commences with Nisan and the
civil year with Tishri. The date of the first of Tishri, or the
Jewish New Year, is also given for the Jewish years 5661-5696 (1900-
1935 a. d.). From these tables it is possible to transform any Jewish
date into Christian, or vice versa, for the years 1900-1935 a. d.

Months of the Jewish Year.

 1 Tishri . . . . . . 30
 2 Heshvan . . . . .  29 (r. & d.)
                                or 30 (p.)
 3 Kislev . . . . . . 29 (d.) or
                                   30 (r. & p.)
 4 Tebet . . . . . .  29
 5 Shebat . . . . . . 30
 6 Adar . . . . . . . 29 or
                                   30 (l.)
 -- Veadar . . . . .  29
    (occuring only in leap years)
 7 Nisan . . . . . . .30
 8 Ivar . . . . . . ..29
 9 Sivan . . . . . . .30
10 Tammux . . . . . . 29
11 Ab . . . . . . . . 30
12 Elul . . . . . . ..29

Jewish Year                   a. d.

5661 p.     begins     Sept.  24, 1900
5662 d.l.    "      "   14, 1901
5663 p.      "      Oct.    2, 1902
5664 r.      "      Sept.  22, 1903
5665 p.l.    "      "   10, 1904
5666 p.      "      "   30, 1905
5667 r.      "      "   20, 1906
5668 d.l.    "      "    6, 1907
5669 p.      "      "   26, 1908
5670 d.l.    "      "   16, 1909
5671 r.      "      Oct.    4, 1910
5672 p.      "      Sept.  23, 1911
5673 p.l.    "      "   12, 1912
5674 r.      "      Oct.    2, 1913
5675 d.      "      Sept.  21, 1914
5676 p.l.    "      "    9, 1915
5677 r.      "      "   28, 1916
5678 p.      "      "   17, 1917
5679 d.l.   begins     Sept.   7, 1918
5680 r.      "      "   25, 1919
5681 p.l.    "      "   13, 1920
5682 p.      "      Oct.    3, 1921
5683 d.      "      Sept.  23, 1922
5684 r.l.    "      "   11, 1923
5685 p.      "      "   29, 1924
5686 p.      "      "   19, 1925
5687 d.l.    "      "    9, 1926
5688 r.      "      "   27, 1927
5689 p.l.    "      "   15, 1928
5690 d.      "      Oct.    5, 1929
5691 r.      "      Sept.  23, 1930
5692 p.l.    "      "   12, 1931
5693 p.      "      Oct.    1, 1932
5694 r.      "      Sept.  23, 1933
5695 d.l.    "      "   10, 1934
5696 p.      "      "   28, 1935
d. = defective year; d.l. = defective leap year; p. = perfect year;
p.l. = perfect leap year; r. = regular year; r.l. = regular leap
year.

JEWRY
Jew"ry, n. Etym: [OE. Jewerie, OF. Juierie, F. Juiverie.]

Defn: Judea; also, a district inhabited by Jews; a Jews' quarter.
Chaucer.
Teaching throughout all Jewry. Luke xxiii. 5.

JEW'S-EAR
Jew's"-ear`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of fungus (Hirneola Auricula-Judæ, or Auricula),
bearing some resemblance to the human ear.

JEW'S-HARP
Jew's-harp`, n. Etym: [Jew + harp; or possibly a corrupt. of jaw's
harp; cf. G. maultrommel, lit., mouthdrum.]1. An instrument of music,
which, when placed between the teeth, gives, by means of a bent metal
tongue struck by the finger, a sound which is modulated by the
breath; -- called also Jew's-trump.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The shackle for joining a chain cable to an anchor.

JEW'S-STONE; JEWSTONE
Jew's-stone`, Jew"stone`, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A large clavate spine of a fossil sea urchin.

JEZEBEL
Jez"e*bel, n. Etym: [From Jezebel, Heb. Izebel, the wife of Ahab king
of Israel.]

Defn: A bold, vicious woman; a termagant. Spectator.

JHARAL
Jha"ral, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wild goat (Capra Jemlaica) which inhabits the loftiest
mountains of India. It has long, coarse hair, forming a thick mane on
its head and neck.

JIB
Jib, n. Etym: [Named from its shifting from side to side. See Jib, v.
i.., Jibe.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A triangular sail set upon a stay or halyard extending from the
foremast or fore-topmast to the bowsprit or the jib boom. Large
vessels often carry several jibe; as, inner jib; outer jib; flying
jib; etc.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is
suspended. Jib boom (Naut.), a spar or boom which serves as an
extension of the bowsprit. It is sometimes extended by another spar
called the flying jib boom. [Written also gib boom.] -- Jib crane
(Mach.), a crane having a horizontal jib on which a trolley moves,
bearing the load.
 -- Jib door (Arch.), a door made flush with the wall, without
dressings or moldings; a disguised door.
 -- Jib header (Naut.), a gaff-topsail, shaped like a jib; a jib-
headed topsail.
 -- Jib topsail (Naut.), a small jib set above and outside of all the
other jibs.
 -- The cut of one's jib, one's outward appearance. [Colloq.] Sir W.
Scott.

JIB
Jib, v. i. Etym: [Connected with jibe; cf. OF. giber to shake.]

Defn: To move restively backward or sidewise, -- said of a horse; to
balk. [Written also jibb.] [Eng.]

JIB; JIBB
Jib, v. t. & i.  [imp. & p. p. Jibbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Jibbing.] Also
Jibb. [Cf. Jib a sail, Gybe.] (Chiefly Naut.)

Defn: To shift, or swing round, as a sail, boom, yard, etc., as in
tacking.

JIBBER
Jib"ber, n.

Defn: A horse that jibs. [Eng.]

JIBE
Jibe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jibed; p. pr. & vb. n. Jibing.] Etym: [Cf.
Dan. gibbe, D. gijpen, v. i., and dial. Sw. gippa to jerk. Cf. Jib,
n. & v. i.] (Naut.)

Defn: To shift, as the boom of a fore-and-aft sail, from one side of
a vessel to the other when the wind is aft or on the quarter. See
Gybe.

JIBE
Jibe, v. i.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: To change a ship's course so as to cause a shifting of the
boom. See Jibe, v. t., and Gybe.

2. To agree; to harmonize. [Colloq.] Bartlett.

JIFFY
Jif"fy, n. Etym: [Perh. corrupt. fr. gliff.] [Written also giffy.]

Defn: A moment; an instant; as, I will be ready in a jiffy. [Colloq.]
J. & H. Smith.

JIG
Jig, n. Etym: [OF. gigue a stringed instrument, a kind of dance, F.
gigue dance, tune, gig; of German origin; cf. MHG. gige fiddle, G.
geige. Cf. Gig a fiddle, Gig a whirligig.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A light, brisk musical movement.
Hot and hasty, like a Scotch jib. Shak.

3. A light, humorous piece of writing, esp. in rhyme; a farce in
verse; a ballad. [Obs.]
A jig shall be clapped at, and every rhyme Praised and applauded.
Beau. & Fl.

4. A piece of sport; a trick; a prank. [Obs.]
Is't not a fine jig, A precious cunning, in the late Protector Beau &
Fl.

5. A trolling bait, consisting of a bright spoon and a hook attached.

6. (Mach.)
(a) A small machine or handy tool; esp.: (Metal Working)

Defn: A contrivance fastened to or inclosing a piece of work, and
having hard steel surfaces to guide a tool, as a drill, or to form a
shield or templet to work to, as in filing.
(b) (Mining) An apparatus or a machine for jigging ore. Drill jig, a
jig for guiding a drill. See Jig,

6 (a).
 -- Jig drilling, Jig filing (Metal Working), a process of drilling
or filing in which the action of the tool is directed or limited by a
jig.
 -- Jig saw, a sawing machine with a narrow, vertically reciprocating
saw, used to cut curved and irregular lines, or ornamental patterns
in openwork, a scroll saw; -- called also gig saw.

JIG
Jig, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jigged; p. pr. & vb. n. Jigging.]

1. To sing to the tune of a jig.
Jig off a tune at the tongue's end. Shak.

2. To trick or cheat; to cajole; to delude. Ford.

3. (Mining)

Defn: To sort or separate, as ore in a jigger or sieve. See Jigging,
n.

4. (Metal Working)

Defn: To cut or form, as a piece of metal, in a jigging machine.

JIG
Jig, v. i.

Defn: To dance a jig; to skip about.
You jig, you amble, and you lisp. Shak.

JIGGER
Jig"ger, n. Etym: [A corrupt. of chigre.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of flea (Sarcopsylla, or Pulex, penetrans), which
burrows beneath the skin. See Chigoe.

JIGGER
Jig"ger, n. Etym: [See Jig, n. & v.]

1. One who, or that which, jigs; specifically, a miner who sorts or
cleans ore by the process of jigging; also, the sieve used in
jigging.

2. (Pottery)
(a) A horizontal table carrying a revolving mold, on which earthen
vessels are shaped by rapid motion; a potter's wheel.
(b) A templet or tool by which vessels are shaped on a potter's
wheel.

3. (Naut.)
(a) A light tackle, consisting of a double and single block and the
fall, used for various purposes, as to increase the purchase on a
topsail sheet in hauling it home; the watch tackle. Totten.
(b) A small fishing vessel, rigged like a yawl. [New Eng.]
(c) A supplementary sail. See Dandy, n., 2 (b).

4. A pendulum rolling machine for slicking or graining leather; same
as Jack, 4 (i). Jigger mast. (Naut.) (a) The after mast of a four-
masted vessel. (b) The small mast set at the stern of a yawlrigged
boat.

JIGGING
Jig"ging, n. (Mining)

Defn: The act or using a jig; the act of separating ore with a
jigger, or wire-bottomed sieve, which is moved up and down in water.
Jigging machine. (a) (Mining) A machine for separating ore by the
process of jigging. (b) (Metal Working) A machine with a rotary
milling cutter and a templet by which the action of the cutter is
guided or limited; -- used for forming the profile of an irregularly
shaped piece; a profiling machine.

JIGGISH
Jig"gish, a.

1. Resembling, or suitable for, a jig, or lively movement. Tatler.

2. Playful; frisky. [R.]
She is never sad, and yet not jiggish. Habington.

JIGGLE
Jig"gle, v. i. Etym: [Freq. of jig.]

Defn: To wriggle or frisk about; to move awkwardly; to shake up and
down.

JIGJOG
Jig"jog`, n.

Defn: A jolting motion; a jogging pace.

JIGJOG
Jig"jog, a.

Defn: Having a jolting motion.

JIHAD; JEHAD
Ji*had", Je*had", n. [Ar. jihad.] (Moham.)

Defn: A religious war against infidels or Mohammedan heretics; also,
any bitter war or crusade for a principle or belief.

[Their] courage in war . . . had not, like that of the Mohammedan
dervishes of the Sudan, or of Mohammedans anywhere engaged in a
jehad, a religious motive and the promise of future bliss behind it.
James Bryce.

JILL
Jill, n. Etym: [See Gill sweetheart.]

Defn: A young woman; a sweetheart. See Gill. Beau. & Fl.

JILL-FLIRT
Jill"-flirt`, n.

Defn: A light, giddy, or wanton girl or woman. See Gill-flirt.

JILT
Jilt, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. Scot. jillet a giddy girl, a jill-flirt,
dim. of jill a jill.]

Defn: A woman who capriciously deceives her lover; a coquette; a
flirt. Otway.

JILT
Jilt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jilted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jilting.]

Defn: To cast off capriciously or unfeeling, as a lover; to deceive
in love. Locke.

JILT
Jilt, v. i.

Defn: To play the jilt; to practice deception in love; to discard
lovers capriciously. Congreve.

JIMCRACK
Jim"crack`, n.

Defn: See Gimcrack.

JIM-CROW
Jim"-crow`, n. (Mach.)

1. A machine for bending or straightening rails.

2. A planing machine with a reversing tool, to plane both ways.

JIM CROW
Jim Crow.

Defn: A negro; -- said to be so called from a popular negro song and
dance, the refrain of which is "Wheel about and turn about and jump
Jim Crow," produced in 1835 by T. D. Rice, a famous negro minstrel.
[Slang, U. S.]

JIMMY
Jim"my, n.; pl. Jimmies. Etym: [Cf. Jemmy.]

Defn: A short crowbar used by burglars in breaking open doors.
[Written also jemmy.]

JIMP
Jimp, a. Etym: [Cf. Gimp, a.]

Defn: Neat; handsome; elegant. See Gimp.

JIMSON WEED
Jim"son weed`

Defn: . See Jamestown weed. [Local, U.S.]

JIN; JINN
Jin, Jinn, n.

Defn: See Jinnee. "Solomon is said to have had power over the jin."
Balfour (Cyc. of India).

JINGAL
Jin*gal", n. Etym: [Hind. jangal a swivel, a large musket.]

Defn: A small portable piece of ordnance, mounted on a swivel.
[Written also gingal and jingall.] [India]

JINGLE
Jin"gle, v. i. Etym: [OE. gingelen, ginglen; prob. akin to E. chink;
cf. also E. jangle.]

1. To sound with a fine, sharp, rattling, clinking, or tinkling
sound; as, sleigh bells jingle. [Written also gingle.]

2. To rhyme or sound with a jingling effect. "Jingling street
ballads." Macaulay.

JINGLE
Jin"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jingled; p. pr. & vb. n. Jingling.]

Defn: To cause to give a sharp metallic sound as a little bell, or as
coins shaken together; to tinkle.
The bells she jingled, and the whistle blew. Pope.

JINGLE
Jin"gle, n.

1. A rattling, clinking, or tinkling sound, as of little bells or
pieces of metal.

2. That which makes a jingling sound, as a rattle.
If you plant where savages are, do not only entertain them with
trifles and jingles,but use them justly. Bacon.

3. A correspondence of sound in rhymes, especially when the verse has
little merit; hence, the verse itself." The least jingle of verse."
Guardian. Jingle shell. See Gold shell (b), under Gold.

JINGLER
Jin"gler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, jingles.

JINGLING
Jin"gling, n.

Defn: The act or process of producing a jingle; also, the sound
itself; a chink. "The jingling of the guinea." Tennyson.

JINGLINGLY
Jin"gling*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to jingle. Lowell.

JINGO
Jin"go, n.; pl. Jingoes. Etym: [Said to be a corruption of St.
Gingoulph.]

1. A word used as a jocular oath. "By the living jingo." Goldsmith.

2. A statesman who pursues, or who favors, aggressive, domineering
policy in foreign affairs. [Cant, Eng.]

Note: This sense arose from a doggerel song which was popular during
the Turco-Russian war of 1877 and 1878. The first two lines were as
follows: --
We don't want to fight, but by Jingo if we do, We 've got the ships,
we 've got the men, we 've got the money too.

JINGOISM
Jin"go*ism, n.

Defn: The policy of the Jingoes, so called. See Jingo, 2. [Cant,
Eng.]

JINK
Jink, v. i. [Cf. Jig, v. i.]

1. To move quickly, esp. with a sudden turn; hence, to dodge; to
escape by a quick turn; --obs. or dial., except as a hunting term in
pig-sticking.

2.  (Card Playing) In the games of spoilfive and forty-five, to win
the game by taking all five tricks; also, to play to win  all five
tricks, losing what has been already won if unsuccessful.

JINNEE
Jin"nee, n.; pl. Jinn. Etym: [Ar.] (Arabian & Mohammedan Myth.)

Defn: A genius or demon; one of the fabled genii, good and evil
spirits, supposed to be the children of fire, and to have the power
of assuming various forms. [Written also jin, djinnee, etc.]

Note: Jinn is also used as sing., with pl. jinns (.

JINNY ROAD
Jin"ny road`. Etym: [Cf. Gin an engine, Ginnycarriage.] (Mining)

Defn: An inclined road in a coal mine, on which loaded cars descend
by gravity, drawing up empty ones. Knight.

JINRIKISHA
Jin*rik"i*sha, n. Etym: [Jap. jin man + riki power + sha carriage.]

Defn: A small, two-wheeled, hooded vehicle drawn by one more men.
[Japan]

JINX
Jinx, n.

Defn: A person, object, influence, or supernatural being which is
supposed to bring bad luck or to cause things to go wrong. [Slang]

JIPPO
Jip"po, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. juppon.]

Defn: A waistcoat or kind of stays for women.

JO
Jo, n.; pl. Joes. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A sweetheart; a darling. [Scot.] Burns.

JOB
Job, n. Etym: [Prov. E. job, gob, n., a small piece of wood, v., to
stab, strike; cf. E. gob, gobbet; perh. influenced by E. chop to cut
off, to mince. See Gob.]

1. A sudden thrust or stab; a jab.

2. A piece of chance or occasional work; any definite work undertaken
in gross for a fixed price; as, he did the job for a thousand
dollars.

3. A public transaction done for private profit; something performed
ostensibly as a part of official duty, but really for private gain; a
corrupt official business.

4. Any affair or event which affects one, whether fortunately or
unfortunately. [Colloq.]

5. A situation or opportunity of work; as, he lost his job. [Colloq.]

Note: Job is used adjectively to signify doing jobs, used for jobs,
or let on hire to do jobs; as, job printer; job master; job horse;
job wagon, etc. By the job, at a stipulated sum for the work, or for
each piece of work done; -- distinguished from time work; as, the
house was built by the job.
 -- Job lot, a quantity of goods, usually miscellaneous, sold out of
the regular course of trade, at a certain price for the whole; as,
these articles were included in a job lot.
 -- Job master, one who lest out horses and carriages for hire, as
for family use. [Eng.] -- Job printer, one who does miscellaneous
printing, esp. circulars, cards, billheads, etc.
 -- Odd job, miscellaneous work of a petty kind; occasional work, of
various kinds, or for various people.

JOB
Job, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jobbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Jobbing.]

1. To strike or stab with a pointed instrument. L'Estrange.

2. To thrust in, as a pointed instrument. Moxon.

3. To do or cause to be done by separate portions or lots; to sublet
(work); as, to job a contract.

4. (Com.)

Defn: To buy and sell, as a broker; to purchase of importers or
manufacturers for the purpose of selling to retailers; as, to job
goods.

5. To hire or let by the job or for a period of service; as, to job a
carriage. Thackeray.

JOB
Job, v. i.

1. To do chance work for hire; to work by the piece; to do petty
work.
Authors of all work, to job for the season. Moore.

2. To seek private gain under pretense of public service; to turn
public matters to private advantage.
And judges job, and bishops bite the town. Pope.

3. To carry on the business of a jobber in merchandise or stocks.

JOB
Job, n.

Defn: The hero of the book of that name in the Old Testament; the
typical patient man. Job's comforter. (a) A false friend; a tactless
or malicious person who, under pretense of sympathy, insinuates
rebukes. (b) A boil. [Colloq.] -- Job's news, bad news. Carlyle.
 -- Job's tears (Bot.), a kind of grass (Coix Lacryma), with hard,
shining, pearly grains.

JOBATION
Jo*ba"tion, n. Etym: [Prov. E. job to scold, to reprove, perh. fr.
Job, the proper name.]

Defn: A scolding; a hand, tedious reproof. [Law] Grose.

JOBBER
Job"ber, n.

1. One who works by the job.

2. A dealer in the public stocks or funds; a stockjobber. [Eng.]

3. One who buys goods from importers, wholesalers, or manufacturers,
and sells to retailers.

4. One who turns official or public business to private advantage;
hence, one who performs low or mercenary work in office, politics, or
intrigue.

JOBBERNOWL
Job"ber*nowl`, n. Etym: [OE. jobbernoule, fr. jobarde a stupid
fellow; cf. E. noll.]

Defn: A blockhead. [Colloq. & Obs.] H. Taylor.

JOBBERY
Job"ber*y, n.

1. The act or practice of jobbing.

2. Underhand management; official corruption; as, municipal jobbery.
Mayhew.

JOBBING
Job"bing, a.

1. Doing chance work or add jobs; as, a jobbing carpenter.

2. Using opportunities of public service for private gain; as, a
jobbing politician. London Sat. Rev. Jobbing house, a mercantile
establishment which buys from importers, wholesalers or
manufacturers, and sells to retailers. [U.S.]

JOCANTRY
Jo"cant*ry, n. Etym: [L. jocans, p. pr. of jocare to jest, fr. jocus
a jest.]

Defn: The act or practice of jesting. [Obs.]

JOCKEY
Jock"ey, n.; pl. Jockeys. Etym: [Dim. of Jack, Scot. Jock; orig., a
boy who rides horses. See 2d Jack.]

1. A professional rider of horses in races. Addison.

2. A dealer in horses; a horse trader. Macaulay.

3. A cheat; one given to sharp practice in trade.

JOCKEY
Jock"ey, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jockeyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Jockeying.]

1. " To jostle by riding against one." Johnson.

2. To play the jockey toward; to cheat; to trick; to impose upon in
trade; as, to jockey a customer.

JOCKEY
Jock"ey, v. i.

Defn: To play or act the jockey; to cheat.

JOCKEYING
Jock"ey*ing, n.

Defn: The act or management of one who jockeys; trickery.
Beaconsfield.

JOCKEYISM
Jock"ey*ism, n.

Defn: The practice of jockeys.

JOCKEYSHIP
Jock"ey*ship, n.

Defn: The art, character, or position, of a jockey; the personality
of a jockey.
Go flatter Sawney for his jockeyship. Chatterton.
Where can at last his jockeyship retire Cowper.

JOCOSE
Jo*cose", a. Etym: [L jocosus, fr. jocus joke. See Joke.]

Defn: Given to jokes and jesting; containing a joke, or abounding in
jokes; merry; sportive; humorous.
To quit their austerity and be jocose and pleasant with an adversary.
Shaftesbury.
All . . . jocose or comical airs should be excluded. I. Watts.

Syn.
 -- Jocular; facetious; witty; merry; pleasant; waggish; sportive;
funny; comical.
 -- Jo*cose"ly, adv.
 -- Jo*cose"ness, n.
Spondanus imagines that Ulysses may possibly speak jocosely, but in
truth Ulysses never behaves with levity. Broome.
He must beware lest his letter should contain anything like
jocoseness; since jesting is incompatible with a holy and serious
life. Buckle.

JOCOSERIOUS
Jo`co*se"ri*ous, a. Etym: [Jocose + serious.]

Defn: Mingling mirth and seriousness. M. Green.

JOCOSITY
Jo*cos"i*ty, n.

Defn: A jocose act or saying; jocoseness. Sir T. Browne.

JOCULAR
Joc"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. jocularis, fr. joculus, dim. of jocus joke.
See Joke.]

1. Given to jesting; jocose; as, a jocular person.

2. Sportive; merry. "Jocular exploits." Cowper.
The style is serious and partly jocular. Dryden.

JOCULARITY
Joc`u*lar"i*ty, n.

Defn: Jesting; merriment.

JOCULARLY
Joc"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In jest; for sport or mirth; jocosely.

JOCULARY
Joc"u*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. jocularius. Cf. Jocular.]

Defn: Jocular; jocose; sportive. Bacon.

JOCULATOR
Joc"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [L. See Juggler.]

Defn: A jester; a joker. [Obs.] Strutt.

JOCULATORY
Joc"u*la*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. joculatorius.]

Defn: Droll; sportive. [Obs.] Cockeram.

JOCUND
Joc"und, Etym: [L. jocundus, jucundus, orig., helpful, fr. juvare to
help. See Aid.]

Defn: Merry; cheerful; gay; airy; lively; sportive.
Night's candles are burnt out, and jocund day Stands tiptoe on the
misty mountain tops. Shak.
Rural sports and jocund strains. Prior.
-- Joc"und*ly, adv.
 -- Joc"und*ness, n.

JOCUND
Joc"und, adv.

Defn: Merrily; cheerfully. Gray.

JOCUNDITY
Jo*cun"di*ty, n. Etym: [L. jocunditas jucunditas. See Jocund, and cf.
Jucundity.]

Defn: The state or quality of being jocund; gayety; sportiveness.

JOE
Joe, n.

Defn: See Johannes.

JOE MILLER
Joe" Mil"ler. Etym: [From Joseph Miller, a comic actor, whose name
was attached, after his death, to a popular jest book published in
1739.]

Defn: A jest book; a stale jest; a worn-out joke. [Colloq.]
It is an old Joe Miller in whist circles, that there are only two
reasons that can justify you in not returning trumps to your
partner's lead; i. e., first, sudden illness; secondly, having none.
Pole.

JOE-PYE WEED
Joe`-Pye" weed`. (Bot.)

Defn: A tall composite plant of the genus Eupatorium (E. purpureum),
with purplish flowers, and whorled leaves.

JOG
Jog, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jogged; p. pr. & vb. n. Jogging.] Etym: [OE.
joggen; cf. W. gogi to shake, and also E. shog, shock, v.]

1. To push or shake with the elbow or hand; to jostle; esp., to push
or touch, in order to give notice, to excite one's attention, or to
warn.
Now leaps he upright, jogs me, and cries: Do you see Yonder well-
favored youth Donne.
Sudden I jogged Ulysses, who was laid Fast by my side. Pope.

2. To suggest to; to notify; to remind; to call the attention of; as,
to jog the memory.

3. To cause to jog; to drive at a jog, as a horse. See Jog, v. i.

JOG
Jog, v. i.

Defn: To move by jogs or small shocks, like those of a slow trot; to
move slowly, leisurely, or monotonously; -- usually with on,
sometimes with over.
Jog on, jog on, the footpath way. Shak.
So hung his destiny, never to rot,
While he might still jog on and keep his trot. Milton
.
The good old ways our sires jogged safely over. R. Browning.

JOG
Jog, n.

1. A slight shake; a shake or push intended to give notice or awaken
attention; a push; a jolt.
To give them by turns an invisible jog. Swift.

2. A rub; a slight stop; an obstruction; hence, an irregularity in
motion of from; a hitch; a break in the direction of a line or the
surface of a plane. Glanvill. Jog trot, a slow, regular, jolting
gait; hence, a routine habit or method, persistently adhered to. T.
Hook.

JOGGER
Jog"ger, n.

Defn: One who jogs. Dryden.

JOGGING
Jog"ging, n.

Defn: The act of giving a jog or jogs; traveling at a jog.

JOGGLE
Jog"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Joggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Joggling.]
Etym: [Freq. of jog.]

1. To shake slightly; to push suddenly but slightly, so as to cause
to shake or totter; to jostle; to jog.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: To join by means of joggles, so as to prevent sliding apart;
sometimes, loosely, to dowel.
The struts of a roof are joggled into the truss posts. Gwilt.

JOGGLE
Jog"gle, v. i.

Defn: To shake or totter; to slip out of place.

JOGGLE
Jog"gle, n. [Arch.]

Defn: A notch or tooth in the joining surface of any piece of
building material to prevent slipping; sometimes, but incorrectly,
applied to a separate piece fitted into two adjacent stones, or the
like. Joggle joint (Arch.), a joint in any kind of building material,
where the joining surfaces are made with joggles.

JOHANNEAN
Jo`han*ne"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to John, esp. to the Apostle John or his
writings. M. Stuart.

JOHANNES
Jo*han"nes, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Y, Y, i. e., one whom Jehovah has
blessed; hence F. Jean, E. John.] (Numis.)

Defn: A Portuguese gold coin of the value of eight dollars, named
from the figure of King John which it bears;- often contracted into
joe; as, a joe, or a half joe.

JOHANNISBERGER
Jo*han"nis*ber`ger, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: A fine white wine produced on the estate of Schloss (or Castle)
Johannisberg, on the Rhine.

JOHN
John, n. Etym: [See Johannes.]

Defn: A proper name of a man. John-apple, a sort of apple ripe about
St. John's Day. Same as Apple-john.
 -- John Bull, an ideal personification of the typical
characteristics of an Englishman, or of the English people.
 -- John Bullism, English character. W. Irving.
 -- John Doe (Law), the name formerly given to the fictitious
plaintiff in an action of ejectment. Mozley & W.
 -- John Doree, John Dory. Etym: [John (or F. jaune yellow) + Doree,
Dory.] (Zoöl.) An oval, compressed, European food fish (Zeus faber).
Its color is yellow and olive, with golden, silvery, and blue
reflections. It has a round dark spot on each side. Called also dory,
doree, and St. Peter's fish.

JOHNADREAMS
John"a*dreams`, n.

Defn: A dreamy, idle fellow. Shak.

JOHNNY
John"ny, n.; pl. Johnnies (.

1. A familiar diminutive of John.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sculpin. [Local cant] Johny Crapaud (, a jocose designation
of a Frenchman, or of the French people, collectively.

JOHNNYCAKE
John"ny*cake`, n.

Defn: A kind of bread made of the meal of maize (Indian corn), mixed
with water or milk, etc., and baked. [U.S.] J. Barlow.

JOHNSONESE
John`son*ese", n.

Defn: The literary style of Dr. Samuel Johnson, or one formed in
imitation of it; an inflated, stilted, or pompous style, affecting
classical words. E. Everett.

JOHNSON GRASS
John"son grass`. Etym: [Named after W. Johnson of Alabama, who
planted it about 1840-1845.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tall perennial grass (Sorghum Halepense), valuable in the
Southern and Western States for pasture and hay. The rootstocks are
large and juicy and are eagerly sought by swine. Called also Cuba
grass, Means grass, Evergreen millet, and Arabian millet.

JOHNSONIAN
John*so"ni*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to or resembling Dr. Johnson or his style; pompous;
inflated.

JOHNSONIANISM
John*so"ni*an*ism, n.

Defn: A manner of acting or of writing peculiar to, or characteristic
of, Dr. Johnson. [Written also Johnsonism.]

JOHN'S-WORT
John's"-wort`, n.

Defn: See St. John's-wort.

JOIN
Join, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Joined; p. pr. & vb. n. Joining.] Etym:
[OE. joinen, joignen, F. joindre, fr. L. jungere to yoke, bind
together, join; akin to jugum yoke. See Yoke, and cf. Conjugal,
Junction, Junta.]

1. To bring together, literally or figuratively; to place in contact;
to connect; to couple; to unite; to combine; to associate; to add; to
append.
Woe unto them that join house to house. Is. v. 8.
Held up his left hand, which did flame and burn Like twenty torches
joined. Shak.
Thy tuneful voice with numbers join. Dryden.

2. To associate one's self to; to be or become connected with; to
league one's self with; to unite with; as, to join a party; to join
the church.
We jointly now to join no other head. Dryden.

3. To unite in marriage.
He that joineth his virgin in matrimony. Wyclif.
What, therefore, God hath joined together, let not man put asunder.
Matt. xix. 6.

4. To enjoin upon; to command. [Obs. & R.]
They join them penance, as they call it. Tyndale.

5. To accept, or engage in, as a contest; as, to join encounter,
battle, issue. Milton. To join battle, To join issue. See under
Battle, Issue.

Syn.
 -- To add; annex; unite; connect; combine; consociate; couple; link;
append. See Add.

JOIN
Join, v. i.

Defn: To be contiguous, close, or in contact; to come together; to
unite; to mingle; to form a union; as, the hones of the skull join;
two rivers join.
Whose house joined hard to the synagogue. Acts xviii. 7.
Should we again break thy commandments, and join in affinity with the
people of these abominations Ezra ix. 14.
Nature and fortune joined to make thee great. Shak.

JOIN
Join, n. (Geom.)

Defn: The line joining two points; the point common to two
intersecting lines. Henrici.

JOINANT
Join"ant, a. Etym: [OF. & F. joignant, p. pr. of joindre to join.]

Defn: Adjoining. [Obs.] Chaucer.

JOINDER
Join"der, n. Etym: [F. joindre. See Join, v. t.]

1. The act of joining; a putting together; conjunction.
Confirmed by mutual joinder of your hands. Shak.

2. (Law)
(a) A joining of parties as plaintiffs or defendants in a suit.
(b) Acceptance of an issue tendered in law or fact.
(c) A joining of causes of action or defense in civil suits or
criminal prosecutions.

JOINER
Join"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, joins.

2. One whose occupation is to construct articles by joining pieces of
wood; a mechanic who does the woodwork (as doors, stairs, etc.)
necessary for the finishing of buildings. "One Snug, the joiner."
Shak.

3. A wood-working machine, for sawing, plaining, mortising, tenoning,
grooving, etc.

Syn.
 -- See Carpenter.

JOINERY
Join"er*y, n.

Defn: The art, or trade, of a joiner; the work of a joiner.
A piece of joinery . . . whimsically dovetailed. Burke.

JOINHAND
Join"hand`, n.

Defn: Writing in which letters are joined in words; -- distinguished
from writing in single letters. Addison.

JOINT
Joint, n. Etym: [F. joint, fr. joindre, p. p. joint. See Join.]

1. The place or part where two things or parts are joined or united;
the union of two or more smooth or even surfaces admitting of a
close-fitting or junction; junction as, a joint between two pieces of
timber; a joint in a pipe.

2. A joining of two things or parts so as to admit of motion; an
articulation, whether movable or not; a hinge; as, the knee joint; a
node or joint of a stem; a ball and socket joint. See Articulation.
A scaly gauntlet now, with joints of steel, Must glove this hand.
Shak.
To tear thee joint by joint. Milton.

3. The part or space included between two joints, knots, nodes, or
articulations; as, a joint of cane or of a grass stem; a joint of the
leg.

4. Any one of the large pieces of meat, as cut into portions by the
butcher for roasting.

5. (Geol.)

Defn: A plane of fracture, or divisional plane, of a rock transverse
to the stratification.

6. (Arch.)

Defn: The space between the adjacent surfaces of two bodies joined
and held together, as by means of cement, mortar, etc.; as, a thin
joint.

7. The means whereby the meeting surfaces of pieces in a structure
are secured together. Coursing joint (Masonry), the mortar joint
between two courses of bricks or stones.
 -- Fish joint, Miter joint, Universal joint, etc. See under Fish,
Miter, etc.
 -- Joint bolt, a bolt for fastening two pieces, as of wood, one
endwise to the other, having a nut embedded in one of the pieces.
 -- Joint chair (Railroad), the chair that supports the ends of
abutting rails.
 -- Joint coupling, a universal joint for coupling shafting. See
under Universal.
 -- Joint hinge, a hinge having long leaves; a strap hinge.
 -- Joint splice, a reënforce at a joint, to sustain the parts in
their true relation.
 -- Joint stool. (a) A stool consisting of jointed parts; a folding
stool. Shak. (b) A block for supporting the end of a piece at a
joint; a joint chair.
 -- Out of joint, out of place; dislocated, as when the head of a
bone slips from its socket; hence, not working well together;
disordered. "The time is out of joint." Shak.

JOINT
Joint, a. Etym: [F., p. p. of joindre. See Join.]

1. Joined; united; combined; concerted; as joint action.

2. Involving the united activity of two or more; done or produced by
two or more working together.
I read this joint effusion twice over. T. Hook.

3. United, joined, or sharing with another or with others; not
solitary in interest or action; holding in common with an associate,
or with associates; acting together; as, joint heir; joint creditor;
joint debtor, etc. "Joint tenants of the world." Donne.

4. Shared by, or affecting two or more; held in common; as, joint
property; a joint bond.
A joint burden laid upon us all. Shak.
Joint committee (Parliamentary Practice), a committee composed of
members of the two houses of a legislative body, for the appointment
of which concurrent resolutions of the two houses are necessary.
Cushing.
 -- Joint meeting, or Joint session, the meeting or session of two
distinct bodies as one; as, a joint meeting of committees
representing different corporations; a joint session of both branches
of a State legislature to chose a United States senator. "Such joint
meeting shall not be dissolved until the electoral votes are all
counted and the result declared." Joint Rules of Congress, U. S.
 -- Joint resolution (Parliamentary Practice), a resolution adopted
concurrently by the two branches of a legislative body. "By the
constitution of the United States and the rules of the two houses, no
absolute distinction is made between bills and joint resolutions."
Barclay (Digest).
 -- Joint rule (Parliamentary Practice), a rule of proceeding adopted
by the concurrent action of both branches of a legislative assembly.
"Resolved, by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring),
that the sixteenth and seventeenth joint rules be suspended for the
remainder of the session." Journal H. of R., U. S.
 -- Joint and several (Law), a phrase signifying that the debt,
credit, obligation, etc., to which it is applied is held in such a
way that the parties in interest are engaged both together and
individually thus a joint and several debt is one for which all the
debtors may be sued together or either of them individually.
 -- Joint stock, stock held in company.
 -- Joint-stock company (Law), a species of partnership, consisting
generally of a large number of members, having a capital divided, or
agreed to be divided, into shares, the shares owned by any member
being usually transferable without the consent of the rest.
 -- Joint tenancy (Law), a tenure by two or more persons of estate by
unity of interest, title, time, and possession, under which the
survivor takes the whole. Blackstone.
 -- Joint tenant (Law), one who holds an estate by joint tenancy.

JOINT
Joint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Jointing.]

1. To unite by a joint or joints; to fit together; to prepare so as
to fit together; as, to joint boards.
Pierced through the yielding planks of jointed wood. Pope.

2. To join; to connect; to unite; to combine.
Jointing their force 'gainst Cæsar. Shak.

3. To provide with a joint or joints; to articulate.
The fingers are jointed together for motion. Ray.

4. To separate the joints; of; to divide at the joint or joints; to
disjoint; to cut up into joints, as meat. "He joints the neck.
Dryden.
Quartering, jointing, seething, and roasting. Holland.

JOINT
Joint, v. i.

Defn: To fit as if by joints; to coalesce as joints do; as, the
stones joint, neatly.

JOINTED
Joint"ed, a.

Defn: Having joints; articulated; full of nodes; knotty; as, a
jointed doll; jointed structure. "The jointed herbage." J. Philips.
 -- Joint"ed*ly, adv.

JOINTER
Joint"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, joints.

2. A plane for smoothing the surfaces of pieces which are to be
accurately joined; especially:
(a) The longest plane used by a joiner.
(b) (Coopering) A long stationary plane, for plaining the edges of
barrel staves.

3. (Masonry)
(a) A bent piece of iron inserted to strengthen the joints of a wall.
(b) A tool for pointing the joints in brickwork.

JOINT-FIR
Joint"-fir`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus (Ephedra) of leafless shrubs, with the stems
conspicuously jointed; -- called also shrubby horsetail. There are
about thirty species, of which two or three are found from Texas to
California.

JOINTING
Joint"ing, n.

Defn: The act or process of making a joint; also, the joints thus
produced. Jointing machine, a planing machine for wood used in
furniture and piano factories, etc.
 -- Jointing plane. See Jointer, 2.
 -- Jointing rule (Masonry), a long straight rule, used by
bricklayers for securing straight joints and faces.

JOINTLESS
Joint"less, a.

Defn: Without a joint; rigid; stiff.

JOINTLY
Joint"ly, adv.

Defn: In a joint manner; together; unitedly; in concert; not
separately.
Then jointly to the ground their knees they bow. Shak.

JOINTRESS
Joint"ress, n. (Law)

Defn: A woman who has a jointure. [Written also jointuress.]
Blackstone.

JOINTURE
Join"ture, n. Etym: [F. jointure a joint, orig., a joining, L.
junctura, fr. jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Juncture.]

1. A joining; a joint. [Obs.]

2. (Law)

Defn: An estate settled on a wife, which she is to enjoy after
husband's decease, for her own life at least, in satisfaction of
dower.
The jointure that your king must make, Which with her dowry shall be
counterpoised. Shak.

JOINTURE
Join"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jointured; p. pr. & vb. n.
Jointuring.]

Defn: To settle a jointure upon.

JOINTURELESS
Join"ture*less, a.

Defn: Having no jointure.

JOINTURESS
Join"tur*ess, n.

Defn: See Jointress. Bouvier.

JOINTWEED
Joint"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A slender, nearly leafless, American herb (Polygonum
articulatum), with jointed spikes of small flowers.

JOINTWORM
Joint"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of a small, hymenopterous fly (Eurytoma hordei),
which is found in gall-like swellings on the stalks of wheat, usually
at or just above the first joint. In some parts of America it does
great damage to the crop.

JOIST
Joist, n. Etym: [OE. giste, OF. giste, F. gîte, fr. gesir to lie, F.
gésir. See Gist.] (Arch.)

Defn: A piece of timber laid horizontally, or nearly so, to which the
planks of the floor, or the laths or furring strips of a ceiling, are
nailed; -- called, according to its position or use, binding joist,
bridging joist, ceiling joist, trimming joist, etc. See Illust. of
Double-framed floor, under Double, a.

JOIST
Joist, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Joisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Joisting.]

Defn: To fit or furnish with joists. Johnson.

JOKE
Joke, n. Etym: [L. jocus. Cf Jeopardy, Jocular, Juggler.]

1. Something said for the sake of exciting a laugh; something witty
or sportive (commonly indicating more of hilarity or humor than
jest); a jest; a witticism; as, to crack good-natured jokes.
And gentle dullness ever loves a joke. Pope.
Or witty joke our airy senses moves To pleasant laughter. Gay.

2. Something not said seriously, or not actually meant; something
done in sport.
Inclose whole downs in walls, 't is all a joke. Pope.
In joke, in jest; sportively; not meant seriously.
 -- Practical joke. See under Practical.

JOKE
Joke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Joked; p. pr. & vb. n. Joking.]

Defn: To make merry with; to make jokes upon; to rally; to banter;
as, to joke a comrade.

JOKE
Joke, v. i. Etym: [L. jocari.]

Defn: To do something for sport, or as a joke; to be merry in words
or actions; to jest.
He laughed, shouted, joked, and swore. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- To jest; sport; rally; banter. See Jest.

JOKER
Jok"er, n.

1. One who makes jokes or jests.

2. (Card Playing)

Defn: See Rest bower, under 2d Bower.

JOKINGLY
Jok"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a joking way; sportively.

JOLE; JOLL
Jole, Joll, v. t. & n.

Defn: Same as Jowl. Shak.

JOLIF
Jol*if", a. Etym: [See Jolly.]

Defn: Joyful; merry; pleasant; jolly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

JOLLIFICATION
Jol`li*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Jolly + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make.
See -fy.]

Defn: A merrymaking; noisy festivity. [Colloq.]
We have had a jollification or so together. Sir W. Scott.

JOLLILY
Jol"li*ly, adv.

Defn: In a jolly manner.

JOLLIMENT
Jol"li*ment, n.

Defn: Jollity. [Obs.] Spenser.

JOLLINESS
Jol"li*ness, n.

Defn: Jollity; noisy mirth. Chaucer.

JOLLITY
Jol"li*ty, n. Etym: [From Jolly: cf. OF. jolieté, joliveté.]

Defn: Noisy mirth; gayety; merriment; festivity; boisterous
enjoyment. Chaucer.
All now was turned to jollity and game. Milton.
He with a proud jollity commanded him to leave that quarrel only for
him, who was only worthy to enter into it. Sir P. Sidney.

Syn.
 -- Merriment; mirth; gayety; festivity; hilarity.

JOLLY
Jol"ly, a. [Compar. Jollier; superl. Jolliest.] Etym: [OF. joli,
jolif, joyful, merry, F. joli pretty; of Scand. origin, akin to E.
yule; cf. Icel. j yule, Christmass feast. See Yule.]

1. Full of life and mirth; jovial; joyous; merry; mirthful.
Like a jolly troop of huntsmen. Shak.
"A jolly place," said he, "in times of old! But something ails it
now: the spot is cursed." Wordsworth.

2. Expressing mirth, or inspiring it; exciting mirth and gayety.
And with his jolly pipe delights the groves. Prior.
Their jolly notes they chanted loud and clear. Fairfax.

3. Of fine appearance; handsome; excellent; lively; agreeable;
pleasant. "A jolly cool wind." Sir T. North. [Now mostly colloq.]
Full jolly knight he seemed, and fair did sit. Spenser.
The coachman is swelled into jolly dimensions. W. Irving.

JOLLY-BOAT
Jol"ly-boat`, n. Etym: [A corruption of Dan. jolle yawl, or of D. jol
yawl + E. boat. See Yawl the boat.] (Naut.)

Defn: A boat of medium size belonging to a ship.

JOLLYHEAD
Jol"ly*head, n.

Defn: Jollity. [Obs.] Spenser.

JOLT
Jolt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jolted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jolting.] Etym:
[Prob. fr. jole, joll, jowl, and orig. meaning, to knock on the head.
See Jowl.]

Defn: To shake with short, abrupt risings and fallings, as a carriage
moving on rough ground; as, the coach jolts.

JOLT
Jolt, v. t.

Defn: To cause to shake with a sudden up and down motion, as in a
carriage going over rough ground, or on a high-trotting horse; as,
the horse jolts the rider; fast driving jolts the carriage and the
passengers.

JOLT
Jolt, n.

Defn: A sudden shock or jerk; a jolting motion, as in a carriage
moving over rough ground.
The first jolt had like to have shaken me out. Swift.

JOLTER
Jolt"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, jolts.

JOLTERHEAD; JOLTHEAD
Jolt"er*head`, Jolt"head`, n. Etym: [See Jolt, Jowl.]

Defn: A dunce; a blockhead. Sir T. North.

JOLTINGLY
Jolt"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a jolting manner.

JOLTY
Jolt"y, a.

Defn: That jolts; as, a jolty coach. [Colloq.]

JONAH
Jo"nah, n.

Defn: The Hebrew prophet, who was cast overboard as one who
endangered the ship; hence, any person whose presence is
unpropitious. Jonah crab (Zoöl.), a large crab (Cancer borealis) of
the eastern coast of the United States, sometimes found between
tides, but usually in deep water.

JONESIAN
Jo*ne"sian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Jones. The Jonesian system, a system of
transliterating Oriental words by English letters, invented by Sir
William Jones.

JONGLEUR; JONGLER
Jon"gleur, Jon"gler, n. Etym: [F. jongleur. See Juggler.]

1. In the Middle Ages, a court attendant or other person who, for
hire, recited or sang verses, usually of his own composition. See
Troubadour.
Vivacity and picturesquenees of the jongleur's verse. J R. Green.

2. A juggler; a conjuror. See Juggler. Milton.

JONQUIL; JONQUILLE
Jon"quil, Jon"quille, n. Etym: [F. jonquille, fr. L. juncus a rush,
because it has rushlike leaves.] (Bot.)

Defn: A bulbous plant of the genus Narcissus (N. Jonquilla), allied
to the daffodil. It has long, rushlike leaves, and yellow or white
fragrant flowers. The root has emetic properties. It is sometimes
called the rush-leaved daffodil. See Illust. of Corona.

JORAM
Jo"ram, n.

Defn: See Jorum.

JORDAN; JORDEN
Jor"dan, Jor"den, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. the river Jordan, and shortened
fr. Jordan bottle a bottle of water from the Jordan, brought back by
pilgrims.]

1. A pot or vessel with a large neck, formerly used by physicians and
alchemists. [Obs.] Halliwell.

2. A chamber pot. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shak.

JORUM
Jo"rum, n. Etym: [Perh. corrupted fr. jorden an earthen pot.]

Defn: A large drinking vessel; also, its contents. [Colloq. Eng.]
Forby.

JOSEPH
Jo"seph, n.

Defn: An outer garment worn in the 18th century; esp., a woman's
riding habit, buttoned down the front. Fairholt.

JOSEPH'S FLOWER
Jo"seph's flow"er. (Bot.)

Defn: A composite herb (Tragopogon pratensis), of the same genus as
the salsify.

JOSO
Jo"so, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small gudgeon.

JOSS
Joss, n. Etym: [Chinese, corrupt. fr. Pg. deos God, L. deus.]

Defn: A Chinese household divinity; a Chinese idol. "Critic in jars
and josses." Colman (1761). Joss house, a Chinese temple or house for
the Chinese mode of worship.
 -- Joss stick, a reed covered with a paste made of the dust of
odoriferous woods, or a cylinder made wholly of the paste; -- burned
by the Chinese before an idol.

JOSSA
Jos"sa, interj.

Defn: A command to a horse, probably meaning "stand still." [Obs.]
Chaucer.

JOSS PAPER
Joss paper.

Defn: Gold and silver paper burned by the Chinese, in the form of
coins or ingots, in worship and at funerals.

JOSTLE
Jos"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jostled; p. pr. & vb. n. Jostling.]
Etym: [A dim. of joust, just, v. See Joust, and cf. Justle.] [Written
also justle.]

Defn: To run against and shake; to push out of the way; to elbow; to
hustle; to disturb by crowding; to crowd against. "Bullies jostled
him." Macaulay.
Systems of movement, physical, intellectual, and moral, which are
perpetually jostling each other. I. Taylor.

JOSTLE
Jos"tle, v. i.

Defn: To push; to crowd; to hustle.
None jostle with him for the wall. Lamb.

JOSTLE
Jos"tle, n.

Defn: A conflict by collisions; a crowding or bumping together;
interference.
The jostle of South African nationalities and civilization. The
Nation.

JOSTLEMENT
Jos"tle*ment, n.

Defn: Crowding; hustling.

JOT
Jot, n. Etym: [L. iota, Gr. i. Heb. y), the smallest letter of the
Greek alphabet. Cf. Iota.]

Defn: An iota; a point; a tittle; the smallest particle. Cf. Bit, n.
Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise
pass from the law, till all be fulfilled. Matt. v. 18.
Neither will they bate One jot of ceremony. Shak.

JOT
Jot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jotting.]

Defn: To set down; to make a brief note of; -- usually followed by
down.

JOTTER
Jot"ter, n.

1. One who jots down memoranda.

2. A memorandum book.

JOUGS
Jougs, n. Etym: [F. joug a yoke, L. jugum. See Yoke.]

Defn: An iron collar fastened to a wall or post, formerly used in
Scotland as a kind of pillory. [Written also juggs.] See Juke. Sir W.
Scott.

JOUISSANCE
Jou"is*sance, n. Etym: [F., fr. jouir to enjoy, fr. L. gaudere to
rejoice.]

Defn: Jollity; merriment. [Obs.] Spenser.

JOUK
Jouk, v. i.

Defn: See Juke.

JOUL
Joul, v. t.

Defn: See Jowl.

JOULE
Joule, n. Etym: [From the distinguished English physicist, James P.
Joule.] (Physics.)

Defn: A unit of work which is equal to 107 units of work in the C. G.
S. system of units (ergs), and is practically equivalent to the
energy expended in one second by an electric current of one ampere in
a resistance of one ohm. One joule is approximately equal to 0.738
foot pounds. Joule's equivalent. See under Equivalent, n.

JOULEMETER
Joule"me`ter, n.

Defn: An integrating wattmeter for measuring the energy in joules
expended in an electric circuit or developed by a machine.

JOULE'S CYCLE
Joule's cycle. (Thermodynamics)

Defn: The cycle for the air engine proposed by Joule. In it air is
taken by a pump from a cold chamber and compressed adiabatically
until its pressure is eqal to that of the air in a hot chamber, into
which it is then delivered, thereby displacing an equal amount of hot
air into the engine cylinder. Here it expands adiabatically to the
temperature of the cold chamber into which it is finally exhausted.
This cycle, reversed, is used in refrigerating machines.

JOULE'S LAW
Joule's law.

1. (Elec.)

Defn: The law that the rate at which heat is produced in any part of
an electric circuit is measured by the product of the square of the
current into the resistance of that part of the circuit. If the
current
 (i) is constant for an interval of time (t), the energy (H) in heat
units equals i2Rt, R being resistance.

2. (Thermodynamics) The law that there is no change of temperature
when a gas expands without doing external work and without receiving
or rejecting heat.

JOUNCE
Jounce, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Jounced; p. pr. & vb. n. Jouncing.]
Etym: [Cf. Jaunce.]

Defn: To jolt; to shake, especially by rough riding or by driving
over obstructions.

JOUNCE
Jounce, n.

Defn: A jolt; a shake; a hard trot.

JOURNAL
Jour"nal, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. diurnalis diurnal, fr. diurnus
belonging to the day, fr. dies day. See Diurnal.]

Defn: Daily; diurnal. [Obs.]
Whiles from their journal labors they did rest. Spenser.

JOURNAL
Jour"nal, n. Etym: [F. journal. See Journal, a.]

1. A diary; an account of daily transactions and events.
Specifically:
(a) (Bookkeeping) A book of accounts, in which is entered a condensed
and grouped statement of the daily transactions.
(b) (Naut.) A daily register of the ship's course and distance, the
winds, weather, incidents of the voyage, etc.
(c) (Legislature) The record of daily proceedings, kept by the clerk.
(d) A newspaper published daily; by extension, a weekly newspaper or
any periodical publication, giving an account of passing events, the
proceedings and memoirs of societies, etc. ; a periodical; a
magazine.

2. That which has occurred in a day; a day's work or travel; a day's
journey. [Obs. & R.] B. Jonson.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: That portion of a rotating piece, as a shaft, axle, spindle,
etc., which turns in a bearing or box. See Illust. of Axle box.
Journal box, or Journal bearing (Mach.) the carrier of a journal; the
box in which the journal of a shaft, axle, or pin turns.

JOURNALISM
Jour"nal*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. journalisme.]

1. The keeping of a journal or diary. [Obs.]

2. The periodical collection and publication of current news; the
business of managing, editing, or writing for, journals or
newspapers; as, political journalism.
Journalism is now truly an estate of the realm. Ed. Rev.

JOURNALIST
Jour"nal*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. journaliste.]

1. One who keeps a journal or diary. [Obs.] Mickle.

2. The conductor of a public journal, or one whose business it to
write for a public journal; an editorial or other professional writer
for a periodical. Addison.

JOURNALISTIC
Jour"nal*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to journals or to journalists; contained in, or
characteristic of, the public journals; as journalistic literature or
enterprise.

JOURNALIZE
Jour"nal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Journalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Journalizing.]

Defn: To enter or record in a journal or diary. Johnson.

JOURNALIZE
Jour"nal*ize, v. i.

Defn: to conduct or contribute to a public journal; to follow the
profession of a journalist.

JOURNEY
Jour"ney, n.; pl. Journeys. Etym: [OE. jornee, journee, prop., a
day's journey, OF. jornée, jurnée, a day, a day's work of journey, F.
journée, fr. OF. jorn, jurn, jor a day, F. jour, fr. L. diurnus. See
Journal.]

1. The travel or work of a day. [Obs.] Chaucer.
We have yet large day, for scarce the sun Hath finished half his
journey. Milton.

2. Travel or passage from one place to another; hence, figuratively,
a passage through life.
The good man . . . is gone a long journey. Prov. vii. 19.
We must all have the same journey's end. Bp. Stillingfleet.

Syn.
 -- Tour; excursion; trip; expedition; pilgrimage.
 -- Journey, Tour, Excursion, Pilgrimage. The word journey suggests
the idea of a somewhat prolonged traveling for a specific object,
leading a person to pass directly from one point to another. In a
tour, we take a roundabout course from place to place, more commonly
for pleasure, though sometimes on business. An excursion is usually a
brief tour or trip for pleasure, health, etc. In a pilgrimage we
travel to a place hallowed by our religions affections, or by some
train of sacred or tender associations. A journey on important
business; the tour of Europe; an excursion to the lakes; a pilgrimage
to the Holy Land.

JOURNEY
Jour"ney, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Journeyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Journeying.]

Defn: To travel from place to place; to go from home to a distance.
Abram journeyed, going on still toward the south. Gen. xii. 9.

JOURNEY
Jour"ney, v. t.

Defn: To traverse; to travel over or through. [R.] "I journeyed many
a land." Sir W. Scott.

JOURNEY-BATED
Jour"ney-bat`ed, a.

Defn: Worn out with journeying. [Obs.] Shak.

JOURNEYER
Jour"ney*er, n.

Defn: One who journeys.

JOURNEYMAN
Jour"ney*man, n.; pl. Journeymen (.

Defn: Formerly, a man hired to work by the day; now, commonly, one
who has mastered a handicraft or trade; -- distinguished from
apprentice and from master workman.
I have thought some of nature's journeymen had made men, and not made
them well. Shak.

JOURNEYWORK
Jour"ney*work`, n.

Defn: Originally, work done by the day; work done by a journeyman at
his trade.

JOUST
Joust, v. i. Etym: [OE. justen, jousten, OF. jouster, jouster,
joster, F. jouter, fr. L. juxta near to, nigh, from the root of
jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Jostle.]

Defn: To engage in mock combat on horseback, as two knights in the
lists; to tilt. [Written also just.]
For the whole army to joust and tourney. Holland.

JOUST
Joust, n. Etym: [OE. juste, jouste, OF. juste, jouste, joste, F.
joute. See Joust, v. i.]

Defn: A tilting match; a mock combat on horseback between two knights
in the lists or inclosed field. [Written also just.]
Gorgeous knights at joust and tournament. Milton.

JOUSTER
Joust"er, n.

Defn: One who jousts or tilts.

JOVE
Jove, n. Etym: [L. Jupiter, gen. Jovis, OL. Jovis, nom. & gen. for
Djovis; akin to E. Tuesday. See Tuesday, and cf. Jupiter.]

1. The chief divinity of the ancient Romans; Jupiter.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The planet Jupiter. [R.] Pope.

3. (Alchemy)

Defn: The metal tin. Bird of Jove, the eagle.

JOVIAL
Jo"vi*al, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. Jovialis pertaining to Jove. The
planet Jupiter was thought to make those born under it joyful or
jovial. See Jove.]

1. Of or pertaining to the god, or the planet, Jupiter. [Obs.]
Our jovial star reigned at his birth. Shak.
The fixed stars astrologically differenced by the planets, and
esteemed Martial or Jovial according to the colors whereby they
answer these planets. Sir T. Browne.

2. Sunny; serene. [Obs.] "The heavens always joviall." Spenser.

3. Gay; merry; joyous; jolly; mirth-inspiring; hilarious;
characterized by mirth or jollity; as, a jovial youth; a jovial
company; a jovial poem.
Be bright and jovial among your guests. Shak.
His odes are some of them panegyrical, others moral; the rest are
jovial or bacchanalian. Dryden.

Note: This word is a relic of the belief in planetary influence.
Other examples are saturnine, mercurial, martial, lunatic, etc.

Syn.
 -- Merry; joyous; gay; festive; mirthful; gleeful; jolly; hilarious.

JOVIALIST
Jo"vi*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who lives a jovial life. Bp. Hall.

JOVIALITY
Jo`vi*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. jovialité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being jovial. Sir T. Herbert.

JOVIALLY
Jo"vi*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a jovial manner; merrily; gayly. B. Jonson.

JOVIALNESS
Jo"vi*al*ness, n.

Defn: Noisy mirth; joviality. Hewyt.

JOVIALTY
Jo"vi*al*ty, n.

Defn: Joviality. [R.] Barrow.

JOVIAN
Jo"vi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Jove, or Jupiter (either the deity or the
planet).

JOVICENTRIC
Jo`vi*cen"tric, a. Etym: [See Jove, and Center.] (Astron.)

Defn: Revolving around the planet Jupiter; appearing as viewed from
Jupiter. [R.] J. R. Hind.

JOVINIANIST
Jo*vin"ian*ist, n. (Script. Hist.)

Defn: An adherent to the doctrines of Jovinian, a monk of the fourth
century, who denied the virginity of Mary, and opposed the asceticism
of his time.

JOWL
Jowl, n. Etym: [For older chole, chaul, AS. ceaft jaw. Cf. Chaps.]

Defn: The cheek; the jaw. [Written also jole, choule, chowle, and
geoule.] Cheek by jowl, with the cheeks close together; side by side;
in close proximity. "I will go with three cheek by jole." Shak. "
Sits cheek by jowl." Dryden.

JOWL
Jowl, v. t.

Defn: To throw, dash, or knock. [Obs.]
How the knave jowls it to the ground. Shak.

JOWLER
Jowl"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dog with large jowls, as the beagle.

JOWTER
Jow"ter, n.

Defn: A mounted peddler of fish; -- called also jouster. [Obs.]
Carew.

JOY
Joy, n. Etym: [OE. joye, OF. joye, joie, goie, F. joie, L. gaudia,
pl. of gaudium joy, fr. gaudere to rejoice, to be glad; cf. Gr. Gaud,
Jewel.]

1. The passion or emotion excited by the acquisition or expectation
of good; pleasurable feelings or emotions caused by success, good
fortune, and the like, or by a rational prospect of possessing what
we love or desire; gladness; exhilaration of spirits; delight.
Her heavenly form beheld, all wished her joy. Dryden.
Glides the smooth current of domestic joy. Johnson.
Who, for the joy that was set before him, endured the cross,
despising the shame. Heb. xii. 2.
Tears of true joy for his return. Shak.
Joy is a delight of the mind, from the consideration of the present
or assured approaching possession of a good. Locke.

2. That which causes joy or happiness.
For ye are our glory and joy. 1 Thess. ii. 20.
A thing of beauty is a joy forever. Keats.

3. The sign or exhibition of joy; gayety; mirth; merriment;
festivity.
Such joy made Una, when her knight she found. Spenser.
The roofs with joy resound. Dryden.

Note: Joy is used in composition, esp. with participles, to from many
self-explaining compounds; as, joy-hells, joy-ringing, joy-inspiring,
joy-resounding, etc.

Syn.
 -- Gladness; pleasure; delight; happiness; exultation; transport;
felicity; ecstasy; rapture; bliss; gayety; mirth; merriment;
festivity; hilarity.

JOY
Joy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Joyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Joying.] Etym: [OF.
joir, F. jouir. See Joy, n.]

Defn: To rejoice; to be glad; to delight; to exult.
I will joy in the God of my salvation. Hab. iii. 18.
In whose sight all things joy. Milton.

JOY
Joy, v. t.

1. To give joy to; to congratulate. [Obs.] "Joy us of our conquest."
Dryden.
To joy the friend, or grapple with the foe. Prior.

2. To gladden; to make joyful; to exhilarate. [Obs.]
Neither pleasure's art can joy my spirits. Shak.

3. To enjoy. [Obs.] See Enjoy.
Who might have lived and joyed immortal bliss. Milton.

JOYANCE
Joy"ance, n. Etym: [OF. joiance.]

Defn: Enjoyment; gayety; festivity; joyfulness. Spenser.
Some days of joyance are decreed to all. Byron.
From what hid fountains doth thy joyance flow Trench.

JOYANCY
Joy"an*cy, n.

Defn: Joyance. [R.] Carlyle.

JOYFUL
Joy"ful, a.

Defn: Full of joy; having or causing joy; very glad; as, a joyful
heart. "Joyful tidings." Shak.
My soul shall be joyful in my God. Is. lxi. 10.
Sad for their loss, but joyful of our life. Pope.
-- Joy"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Joy"ful*ness, n.

JOYLESS
Joy"less, a.

Defn: Not having joy; not causing joy; unenjoyable.
 -- Joy"less*ly, adv.
 -- Joy"less*ness, n.
With downcast eyes the joyless victor sat. Dryden.
Youth and health and war are joyless to him. Addison.
[He] pining for the lass, Is joyless of the grove, and spurns the
growing grass. Dryden.

JOYOUS
Joy"ous, a. Etym: [OE. joyous, joious, joios, F. joyeux.See Joy.]

Defn: Glad; gay; merry; joyful; also, affording or inspiring joy;
with of before the word or words expressing the cause of joy.
Is this your joyous city Is. xxiii. 7.
They all as glad as birds of joyous prime. Spenser.
And joyous of our conquest early won. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Merry; lively; blithe; gleeful; gay; glad; mirthful; sportive;
festive; joyful; happy; blissful; charming; delightful.
 -- Joy"ous*ly, adv.
 -- Joy"ous*ness, n.

JOYSOME
Joy"some (, a.

Defn: Causing joyfulness. [R.]
This all joysome grove. T. Browne.

JUB
Jub, n. Etym: [Perh. corrupted fr. jug.]

Defn: A vessel for holding ale or wine; a jug. [Obs.] Chaucer.

JUBA
Ju"ba, n.; pl. Jubæ (-be). Etym: [L., a mane.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The mane of an animal.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A loose panicle, the axis of which falls to pieces, as in
certain grasses.

JUBATE
Ju"bate, a. Etym: [L. jubatus having a mane.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Fringed with long, pendent hair.

JUBBAH; JUBBEH; JOOBBEH
Jub"bah, n. Also Jub"beh, Joob"beh. [Hind. jubba, fr. Ar. jubbah.]

Defn: A long outer garment worn by both sexes of Mohammedans of the
better class.

JUBE
Ju`bé", n. Etym: [F.] (Arch.)
(a) chancel screen or rood screen.
(b) gallery above such a screen, from which certain parts of the
service were formerly read. See Rood loft, under Rood.

JUBILANT
Ju"bi*lant, a. Etym: [L. jubilans, -antis, p. pr. of jubilare to
shout for joy: cf. F. jubila. See Jubilate.]

Defn: Uttering songs of triumph; shouting with joy; triumphant;
exulting. "The jubilant age." Coleridge.
While the bright pomp ascended jubilant. Milton.

JUBILANTLY
Ju"bi*lant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a jubilant manner.

JUBILAR
Ju"bi*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. jubilaire.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or having the character of, a jubilee. [R.] Bp.
Hall.

JUBILATE
Ju`bi*la"te, n. Etym: [L., imperat. of jubilare to shout for joy.]

1. The third Sunday after Easter; -- so called because the introit is
the 66th Psalm, which, in the Latin version, begins with the words,
"Jubilate Deo."

2. A name of the 100th Psalm; -- so called from its opening word in
the Latin version.

JUBILATE
Ju"bi*late, v. i. Etym: [L. jubilatus, p. p. of jubilare.]

Defn: To exult; to rejoice. [R.] De Quincey.

JUBILATION
Ju`bi*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. jubilatio: cf. F. jubilation.]

Defn: A triumphant shouting; rejoicing; exultation. "Jubilations and
hallelujahs." South.

JUBILEE
Ju"bi*lee, n. Etym: [F. jubilé, L. jubilaeus, Gr. y the blast of a
trumpet, also the grand sabbatical year, which was announced by sound
of trumpet.]

1. (Jewish Hist.)

Defn: Every fiftieth year, being the year following the completion of
each seventh sabbath of years, at which time all the slaves of Hebrew
blood were liberated, and all lands which had been alienated during
the whole period reverted to their former owners. [In this sense
spelled also, in some English Bibles, jubile.] Lev. xxv. 8-17.

2. The joyful commemoration held on the fiftieth anniversary of any
event; as, the jubilee of Queen Victoria's reign; the jubilee of the
American Board of Missions.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A church solemnity or ceremony celebrated at Rome, at stated
intervals, originally of one hundred years, but latterly of twenty-
five; a plenary and extraordinary indulgence grated by the sovereign
pontiff to the universal church. One invariable condition of granting
this indulgence is the confession of sins and receiving of the
eucharist.

4. A season of general joy.
The town was all a jubilee of feasts. Dryden.

5. A state of joy or exultation. [R.] "In the jubilee of his
spirits." Sir W. Scott.

JUCUNDITY
Ju*cun"di*ty, n. Etym: [L. jucunditas, from jucundus.]

Defn: Pleasantness; agreeableness. See Jocundity. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

JUDAHITE
Ju"dah*ite, n.

Defn: One of the tribe of Judah; a member of the kingdom of Judah; a
Jew. Kitto.

JUDAIC; JUDAICAL
Ju*da"ic, Ju*da"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. Judaïcus, fr. Judaea, the country
Judea: cf. F. Judaïque. See Jew.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Jews. "The natural or Judaical
[religion]." South.

JUDAICALLY
Ju*da"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: After the Jewish manner. Milton.

JUDAISM
Ju"da*ism, n. Etym: [L. Judaïsmus: cf. F. judaïsme.]

1. The religious doctrines and rites of the Jews as enjoined in the
laws of Moses. J. S. Mill.

2. Conformity to the Jewish rites and ceremonies.

JUDAIST
Ju"da*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes and practices Judaism.

JUDAISTIC
Ju`da*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Judaism.

JUDAIZATION
Ju`da*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of Judaizing; a conforming to the Jewish religion or
ritual. [R.]

JUDAIZE
Ju"da*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Judaized; p. pr. & vb. n. Judaizing.]
Etym: [Cf. F. judaïser.]

Defn: To conform to the doctrines, observances, or methods of the
Jews; to inculcate or impose Judaism.
They . . . prevailed on the Galatians to Judaize so far as to observe
the rites of Moses in various instances. They were Judaizing doctors,
who taught the observation of the Mosaic law. Bp. Bull.

JUDAIZE
Ju"da*ize, v. t.

Defn: To impose Jewish observances or rites upon; to convert to
Judaism.
The heretical Theodotion, the Judaized Symmachus. Milton.

JUDAIZER
Ju"da*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who conforms to or inculcates Judaism; specifically, pl.
(Ch. Hist.), those Jews who accepted Christianity but still adhered
to the law of Moses and worshiped in the temple at Jerusalem.

JUDAIZERS
Ju"da*iz`ers (ju"day*iz`erz), n. pl.

Defn: See Raskolnik.

JUDAS
Ju"das, n.

Defn: The disciple who betrayed Christ. Hence: A treacherous person;
one who betrays under the semblance of friendship.
 -- a.

Defn: Treacherous; betraying. Judas hole, a peephole or secret
opening for spying.
 -- Judas kiss, a deceitful and treacherous kiss.
 -- Judas tree (Bot.), a leguminous tree of the genus Cercis, with
pretty, rose-colored flowers in clusters along the branches. Judas is
said to have hanged himself on a tree of this genus (C.
Siliquastrum). C. Canadensis and C. occidentalis are the American
species, and are called also redbud.

JUDAS-COLORED
Ju"das-col`ored, a.

Defn: Red; -- from a tradition that Judas Iscariot had red hair and
beard.
There's treachery in that Judas-colored beard. Dryden.

JUDDOCK
Jud"dock, n. Etym: [For judcock; jud (equiv. to Prov. E. gid a
jacksnipe, W. giach snipe) + cock.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Jacksnipe.

JUDEAN
Ju*de"an, a. Etym: [L. Judaeus. See Jew.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Judea.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Judea; a Jew.

JUDGE
Judge, n. Etym: [OE. juge, OF. & F. juge, fr. OF. jugier, F. juger,
to judge. See Judge, v. i.]

1. (Law)

Defn: A public officer who is invested with authority to hear and
determine litigated causes, and to administer justice between parties
in courts held for that purpose.
The parts of a judge in hearing are four: to direct the evidence; to
moderate length, repetition, or impertinency of speech; to
recapitulate, select, and collate the material points of that which
hath been said; and to give the rule or sentence. Bacon.

2. One who has skill, knowledge, or experience, sufficient to decide
on the merits of a question, or on the quality or value of anything;
one who discerns properties or relations with skill and readiness; a
connoisseur; an expert; a critic.
A man who is no judge of law may be a good judge of poetry, or
eloquence, or of the merits of a painting. Dryden.

3. A person appointed to decide in aas, a judge in a horse race.

4. (Jewish Hist.)

Defn: One of supreme magistrates, with both civil and military
powers, who governed Israel for more than four hundred years.

5. pl.

Defn: The title of the seventh book of the Old Testament; the Book of
Judges. Judge Advocate (Mil. & Nav.), a person appointed to act as
prosecutor at a court-martial; he acts as the representative of the
government, as the responsible adviser of the court, and also, to a
certain extent, as counsel for the accused, when he has no other
counsel.
 -- Judge-Advocate General, in the United States, the title of two
officers, one attached to the War Department and having the rank of
brigadier general, the other attached to the Navy Department and
having the rank of colonel of marines or captain in the navy. The
first is chief of the Bureau of Military Justice of the army, the
other performs a similar duty for the navy. In England, the
designation of a member of the ministry who is the legal adviser of
the secretary of state for war, and supreme judge of the proceedings
of courts-martial.

Syn.
 -- Judge, Umpire, Arbitrator, Referee. A judge, in the legal sense,
is a magistrate appointed to determine questions of law. An umpire is
a person selected to decide between two or more who contend for a
prize. An arbitrator is one chosen to allot to two contestants their
portion of a claim, usually on grounds of equity and common sense. A
referee is one to whom a case is referred for final adjustment.
Arbitrations and references are sometimes voluntary, sometimes
appointed by a court.

JUDGE
Judge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Judged; p. pr. & vb. n. Judging.] Etym:
[OE. jugen, OF. jugier, F. juger, L. judicare, fr. judex judge; jus
law or right + dicare to proclaim, pronounce, akin to dicere to say.
See Just, a., and Diction, and cf. Judicial.]

1. To hear and determine, as in causes on trial; to decide as a
judge; to give judgment; to pass sentence.
The Lord judge between thee and me. Gen. xvi. 5.
Father, who art judge Of all things made, and judgest only right!
Milton.

2. To assume the right to pass judgment on another; to sit in
judgment or commendation; to criticise or pass adverse judgment upon
others. See Judge, v. t., 3.
Forbear to judge, for we are sinners all. Shak.

3. To compare facts or ideas, and perceive their relations and
attributes, and thus distinguish truth from falsehood; to determine;
to discern; to distinguish; to form an opinion about.
Judge not according to the appearance. John vii. 24.
She is wise if I can judge of her. Shak.

JUDGE
Judge, v. t.

1. To hear and determine by authority, as a case before a court, or a
controversy between two parties. "Chaos [shall] judge the strife."
Milton.

2. To examine and pass sentence on; to try; to doom.
God shall judge the righteous and the wicked. Eccl. iii. 7.
To bring my whole cause 'fore his holiness, And to be judged by him.
Shak.

3. To arrogate judicial authority over; to sit in judgment upon; to
be censorious toward.
Judge not, that ye be not judged. Matt. vii. 1.

4. To determine upon or deliberation; to esteem; to think; to reckon.
If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord. Acts xvi. 15.

5. To exercise the functions of a magistrate over; to govern. [Obs.]
Make us a king to judge us. 1 Sam. viii. 5.

JUDGE-MADE
Judge"-made`, a.

Defn: Created by judges or judicial decision; -- applied esp. to law
applied or established by the judicial interpretation of statutes so
as extend or restrict their scope, as to meet new cases, to provide
new or better remedies, etc., and often used opprobriously of acts of
judicial interpretation considered as doing this.

The law of the 13th century was judge-made law in a fuller and more
literal sense than the law of any succeeding century has been.
Sir Frederick Pollock.

JUDGER
Judg"er, n.

Defn: One who judges. Sir K. Digby.

JUDGESHIP
Judge"ship, n.

Defn: The office of a judge.

JUDGMENT
Judg"ment, n. Etym: [OE. jugement, F. jugement, LL. judicamentum, fr.
L. judicare. See Judge, v. i.]

1. The act of judging; the operation of the mind, involving
comparison and discrimination, by which a knowledge of the values and
relations of thins, whether of moral qualities, intellectual
concepts, logical propositions, or material facts, is obtained; as,
by careful judgment he avoided the peril; by a series of wrong
judgments he forfeited confidence.
I oughte deme, of skilful jugement, That in the salte sea my wife is
deed. Chaucer.

2. The power or faculty of performing such operations (see 1); esp.,
when unqualified, the faculty of judging or deciding rightly, justly,
or wisely; good sense; as, a man of judgment; a politician without
judgment.
He shall judge thy people with righteousness and thy poor with
judgment. Ps. lxxii. 2.
Hernia. I would my father look'd but with my eyes. Theseus. Rather
your eyes must with his judgment look. Shak.

3. The conclusion or result of judging; an opinion; a decision.
She in my judgment was as fair as you. Shak.
Who first his judgment asked, and then a place. Pope.

4. The act of determining, as in courts of law, what is conformable
to law and justice; also, the determination, decision, or sentence of
a court, or of a judge; the mandate or sentence of God as the judge
of all.
In judgments between rich and poor, consider not what the poor man
needs, but what is his own. Jer. Taylor.
Most heartily I do beseech the court To give the judgment. Shak.

5. (Philos.)
(a) That act of the mind by which two notions or ideas which are
apprehended as distinct are compared for the purpose of ascertaining
their agreement or disagreement. See 1. The comparison may be
threefold: (1) Of individual objects forming a concept. (2) Of
concepts giving what is technically called a judgment. (3) Of two
judgments giving an inference. Judgments have been further classed as
analytic, synthetic, and identical.
(b) That power or faculty by which knowledge dependent upon
comparison and discrimination is acquired. See 2.
A judgment is the mental act by which one thing is affirmed or denied
of another. Sir W. Hamilton.
The power by which we are enabled to perceive what is true or false,
probable or improbable, is called by logicians the faculty of
judgment. Stewart.

6. A calamity regarded as sent by God, by way of recompense for wrong
committed; a providential punishment. "Judgments are prepared for
scorners." Prov. xix. 29. "This judgment of the heavens that makes us
tremble." Shak.

7. (Theol.)

Defn: The final award; the last sentence.

Note: Judgment, abridgment, acknowledgment, and lodgment are in
England sometimes written, judgement, abridgement, acknowledgement,
and lodgement.

Note: Judgment is used adjectively in many self-explaining
combinations; as, judgment hour; judgment throne. Judgment day
(Theol.), the last day, or period when final judgment will be
pronounced on the subjects of God's moral government.
 -- Judgment debt (Law), a debt secured to the creditor by a judge's
order.
 -- Judgment hall, a hall where courts are held.
 -- Judgment seat, the seat or bench on which judges sit in court;
hence, a court; a tribunal. "We shall all stand before the judgment
seat of Christ." Rom. xiv. 10.
 -- Judgment summons (Law), a proceeding by a judgment creditor
against a judgment debtor upon an unsatisfied judgment. Arrest of
judgment. (Law) See under Arrest, n.
 -- Judgment of God, a term formerly applied to extraordinary trials
of secret crimes, as by arms and single combat, by ordeal, etc.; it
being imagined that God would work miracles to vindicate innocence.
See under Ordeal.

Syn.
 -- Discernment; decision; determination; award; estimate; criticism;
taste; discrimination; penetration; sagacity; intelligence;
understanding. See Taste.

JUDICABLE
Ju"di*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. judicabilis. See Judge, v. i.]

Defn: Capable of being judged; capable of being tried or decided
upon. Jer. Taylor.

JUDICATIVE
Ju"di*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Having power to judge; judicial; as, the judicative faculty.
Hammond.

JUDICATORY
Ju"di*ca*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. judicatorius.]

Defn: Pertaining to the administration of justice; dispensing
justice; judicial; as, judicatory tribunals. T. Wharton.
Power to reject in an authoritative or judicatory way. Bp. Hall.

JUDICATORY
Ju"di*ca*to*ry (277), n. Etym: [L. judicatorium.]

1. A court of justice; a tribunal. Milton.

2. Administration of justice.
The supreme court of judicatory. Clarendon.

JUDICATURE
Ju"di*ca*ture, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. judicatura.]

1. The state or profession of those employed in the administration of
justice; also, the dispensing or administration of justice.
The honor of the judges in their judicature is the king's honor.
Bacon.

2. A court of justice; a judicatory. South.

3. The right of judicial action; jurisdiction; extent jurisdiction of
a judge or court.
Our Savior disputes not here the judicature, for that was not his
office, but the morality, of divorce. Milton.

JUDICIAL
Ju*di"cial, a. Etym: [L. judicialis, fr. judicium judgment, fr. judex
judge: cf. OF. judicial. See Judge.]

1. Pertaining or appropriate to courts of justice, or to a judge;
practiced or conformed to in the administration of justice;
sanctioned or ordered by a court; as, judicial power; judicial
proceedings; a judicial sale. "Judicial massacres." Macaulay.
Not a moral but a judicial law, and so was abrogated. Milton.

2. Fitted or apt for judging or deciding; as, a judicial mind.

3. Belonging to the judiciary, as distinguished from legislative,
administrative, or executive. See Executive.

4. Judicious. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

JUDICIALLY
Ju*di"cial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a judicial capacity or judicial manner. "The Lords . . .
sitting judicially." Macaulay.

JUDICIARY
Ju*di"cia*ry, a. Etym: [L. judiciarius, fr. judicium judgment: cf. F.
judiciare. See Judicial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to courts of judicature, or legal tribunals;
judicial; as, a judiciary proceeding. Bp. Burnet.

JUDICIARY
Ju*di"cia*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. judiciaria, F. judiciaire.]

Defn: That branch of government in which judicial power is vested;
the system of courts of justice in a country; the judges, taken
collectively; as, an independent judiciary; the senate committee on
the judiciary.

JUDICIOUS
Ju*di"cious, a. Etym: [F. judicieux, fr. L. judicium judgment. See
Judicial.]

Defn: Of or relating to a court; judicial. [Obs.]
His last offenses to us Shall have judicious hearing. Shak.

2. Directed or governed by sound judgment; having sound judgment;
wise; prudent; sagacious; discreet.
He is noble, wise, judicious, and best knows The fits o' the season.
Shak.

Syn.
 -- Prudent; discreet; rational; wise; skillful; discerning;
sagacious; well-advised.

JUDICIOUSLY
Ju*di"cious*ly, adv.

Defn: In a judicious manner; with good judgment; wisely.

JUDICIOUSNESS
Ju*di"cious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being judicious; sagacity; s

JUG
Jug, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. Jug, a corruption of, or nickname for,
Joanna; cf. 2d Jack, and Jill. See Johannes.]

1. A vessel, usually of coarse earthenware, with a swelling belly and
narrow mouth, and having a handle on one side.

2. A pitcher; a ewer. [Eng.]

3. A prison; a jail; a lockup. [Slang] Gay.

JUG
Jug, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jugged; p. pr. & vb. n. Jugging.]

1. To seethe or stew, as in a jug or jar placed in boiling water; as,
to jug a hare.

2. To commit to jail; to imprison. [Slang]

JUG
Jug, v. i. (Zoöl.)

1. To utter a sound resembling this word, as certain birds do,
especially the nightingale.

2. To nestle or collect together in a covey; -- said of quails and
partridges.

JUGAL
Ju"gal, a. Etym: [L. jugalis, fr. jugum yoke.]

1. Relating to a yoke, or to marriage. [Obs.]

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or in the region of, the malar, or cheek bone.

JUGATA
Ju*ga"ta, n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl. of L. jugatus, p. p. of jugare to
join.] (Numis.)

Defn: The figures of two heads on a medal or coin, either side by
side or joined.

JUGATED
Ju"ga*ted, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Coupled together.

JUGE
Juge, n.

Defn: A judge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

JUGEMENT
Jug"e*ment, n.

Defn: Judgment. [Obs.] Chaucer.

JUGER
Ju"ger, n. Etym: [L. jugerum.]

Defn: A Roman measure of land, measuring 28,800 square feet, or 240
feet in length by 120 in breadth.

JUGGER
Jug"ger, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian falcon. See Lugger.

JUGGERNAUT
Jug"ger*naut`, n. Etym: [Skr. jagannatha lord of the world.]

Defn: One of the names under which Vishnu, in his incarnation as
Krishna, is worshiped by the Hindoos. [Written also Juggernnath,
Jaganath, Jaganatha, etc.]

Note: The principal seat of the worship of Juggernaut is at Pûri in
Orissa. At certain times the idol is drawn from the temple by the
multitude, on a high car with sixteen wheels. Formerly, fanatics
sometimes threw themselves under the wheels to be crushed as a
sacrifice to the god.

JUGGLE
Jug"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Juggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Juggling.]
Etym: [OE. juglen; cf. OF. jogler, jugler, F. jongler. See Juggler.]

1. To play tricks by sleight of hand; to cause amusement and sport by
tricks of skill; to conjure.

2. To practice artifice or imposture.
Be these juggling fiends no more believed. Shak.

JUGGLE
Jug"gle, v. t.

Defn: To deceive by trick or artifice.
Is't possible the spells of France should juggle Men into such
strange mysteries Shak.

JUGGLE
Jug"gle, n.

1. A trick by sleight of hand.

2. An imposture; a deception. Tennyson.
A juggle of state to cozen the people. Tillotson.

3. A block of timber cut to a length, either in the round or split.
Knight.

JUGGLER
Jug"gler, n. Etym: [OE. jogelour, juglur, OF. jogleor, jugleor,
jongleor, F. jongleur, fr. L. joculator a jester, joker, fr. joculus
a little jest or joke, dim. of jocus jest, joke. See Joke, and cf.
Jongleur, Joculator.]

1. One who practices or exhibits tricks by sleight of hand; one
skilled in legerdemain; a conjurer.
As nimble jugglers that deceive the eye. Shak.
Jugglers and impostors do daily delude them. Sir T. Browne.

2. A deceiver; a cheat. Shak.

JUGGLERESS
Jug"gler*ess, n.

1. A female juggler. T. Warton.

JUGGLERY
Jug"gler*y, n. Etym: [OE. & OF. joglerie, F. jonglerie.]

1. The art or act of a juggler; sleight of hand.

2. Trickery; imposture; as, political jugglery.

JUGGLING
Jug"gling, a.

Defn: Cheating; tricky.
 -- Jug"gling*ly, adv.

JUGGLING
Jug"gling, n.

Defn: Jugglery; underhand practice.

JUGGS
Juggs, n. pl.

Defn: See Jougs. [Scot.]

JUGLANDIN
Jug"lan*din, n. Etym: [L. juglans, -andis, a walnut: cf. F.
juglandine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An extractive matter contained in the juice of the green shucks
of the walnut (Juglans regia). It is used medicinally as an
alterative, and also as a black hair dye.

JUGLANDINE
Jug"lan*dine, n.

Defn: An alkaloid found in the leaves of the walnut (Juglans regia).

JUGLANS
Jug"lans, n. Etym: [L., walnut.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of valuable trees, including the true walnut of Europe,
and the America black walnut, and butternut.

JUGLONE
Ju"glone, n. Etym: [L. juglans the walnut + -one.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance resembling quinone, extracted
from green shucks of the walnut (Juglans regia); -- called also
nucin.

JUGULAR
Ju"gu*lar, a. Etym: [L. jugulum the collar bone, which joins together
the shoulders and the breast, the throat, akin to jungere to yoke, to
join: cf. F. jugulaire. See Join.]

1. (Anat.)
(a) Of or pertaining to the throat or neck; as, the jugular vein.
(b) Of or pertaining to the jugular vein; as, the jugular foramen.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the ventral fins beneath the throat; -- said of certain
fishes.

JUGULAR
Ju"gu*lar, n. Etym: [Cf. F. jugulaire. See Jugular, a.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the large veins which return the blood from the head to
the heart through two chief trunks, an external and an internal, on
each side of the neck; -- called also the jugular vein.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fish which has the ventral fins situated forward of the
pectoral fins, or beneath the throat; one of a division of fishes
(Jugulares).

JUGULATE
Ju"gu*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jugulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Jugulating.] Etym: [L. jugulatus, p. p. of jugulare, fr. jugulatum.
See Jugular.]

Defn: To cut the throat of. [R.] Jacob Bigelow.

JUGULUM
Ju"gu*lum, n.; pl. Jugula. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lower throat, or that part of the neck just above the
breast.

JUGUM
Ju"gum, n.; pl. L. Juga, E. Jugums. Etym: [L., a yoke, ridge.] (Bot.)
(a) One of the ridges commonly found on the fruit of umbelliferous
plants.
(b) A pair of the opposite leaflets of a pinnate plant.

JUICE
Juice, n. Etym: [OE. juse, F.jus broth, gravy, juice, L. jus; akin to
Skr. y.]

Defn: The characteristic fluid of any vegetable or animal substance;
the sap or part which can be expressed from fruit, etc.; the fluid
part which separates from meat in cooking.
An animal whose juices are unsound. Arbuthnot.
The juice of July flowers. B. Jonson.
The juice of Egypt's grape. Shak.
Letters which Edward Digby wrote in lemon juice. Macaulay.
Cold water draws the juice of meat. Mrs. Whitney.

JUICE
Juice, v. t.

Defn: To moisten; to wet. [Obs.] Fuller.

JUICELESS
Juice"less, a.

Defn: Lacking juice; dry. Dr. H. More.

JUICINESS
Jui"ci*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being juicy; succulence plants.

JUICY
Jui"cy, a. [Compar. Juicier; superl. Juiciest.]

Defn: A bounding with juice; succulent. Bacon.

JUISE
Ju*ise", n. Etym: [OF. juise. L. judicium. See Judicial.]

Defn: Judgment; justice; sentence. [Obs.]
Up [on] pain of hanging and high juise. Chaucer.

JUJUBE
Ju"jube, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. zizyphum, Gr. zizf, zizaf, zayzaf.]

Defn: The sweet and edible drupes (fruits) of several Mediterranean
and African species small trees, of the genus Zizyphus, especially
the Z. jujuba, Z. vulgaris, Z. mucronata, and Z. Lotus. The last
named is thought to have furnished the lotus of the ancient Libyan
Lotophagi, or lotus eaters. Jujube paste, the dried or inspissated
jelly of the jujube; also, a confection made of gum arabic sweetened.

JUJUTSU; JUJITSU; JIUJUTSU; JIUJITSU
Ju"jut`su, n. Also Ju"jit`su, Jiu"jut`su, Jiu"jit`su. [Jap. jujutsu;
ju soft (prob. because no weapons are used) + jutsu art.]

Defn: The Japanese art of self-defense without weapons, now widely
used as a system of physical training. It depends for its efficiency
largely upon the principle of making use of an opponent's strength
and weight to disable or injure him, and by applying pressure so that
his opposing movement will throw him out of balance, dislocate or
break a joint, etc.  It opposes knowledge and skill to brute
strength, and demands an extensive practical knowledge of human
anatomy.

JUKE
Juke, v. i. Etym: [from Scottish jouk to bow.]

Defn: To bend the neck; to bow or duck the head. [Written also jook
and jouk.]
The money merchant was so proud of his trust that he went juking and
tossing of his head. L' Estrange.

JUKE
Juke, n.

Defn: The neck of a bird. [Prov. Eng.]

JUKE
Juke, v. i. Etym: [F. juc a roost, perch, jucher to roost, to perch.]

Defn: To perch on anything, as birds do. [Obs.]

JUKES, THE
Jukes, The

Defn: A pseudonym used to designate the descendants of two sisters,
the "Jukes" sisters, whose husbands were sons of a backwoodsman of
Dutch descent. They lived in the State of New York, and their history
was investigated by R. L. Dugdale as an example of the inheritance of
criminal and immoral tendencies, disease, and pauperism. Sixty per
cent of those traced showed, degeneracy, and they are estimated to
have cost society $1,308,000 in 75 years.

JULACEOUS
Ju*la"ceous, a. Etym: [See Julus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Like an ament, or bearing aments; amentaceous.

JULEP
Ju"lep, n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. julepe, fr. Ar. & Per. julab, jullab,
fr. Per. gulab rose water and julep; gul rose + ab water.]

1. A refreshing drink flavored with aromatic herbs; esp. (Med.),

Defn: a sweet, demulcent, acidulous, or mucilaginous mixture, used as
a vehicle. Milton.
Honey in woods, juleps in brooks. H. Vaughan.

2. A beverage composed of brandy, whisky, or some other spirituous
liquor, with sugar, pounded ice, and sprigs of mint; -- called also
mint julep. [U.S.]

JULIAN
Jul"ian a. Etym: [L. Julianus, fr. Julius. Cf. July, Gillian.]

Defn: Relating to, or derived from, Julius Cæsar. Julian calendar,
the calendar as adjusted by Julius Cæsar, in which the year was made
to consist of 365 days, each fourth year having 366 days.
 -- Julian epoch, the epoch of the commencement of the Julian
calendar, or 46 b. c.
 -- Julian period, a chronological period of 7,980 years, combining
the solar, lunar, and indiction cycles (28 x 19 x 15 = 7,980), being
reckoned from the year 4713 B. C., when the first years of these
several cycles would coincide, so that if any year of the period be
divided by 28, 19, or 15, the remainder will be the year of the
corresponding cycle. The Julian period was proposed by Scaliger, to
remove or avoid ambiguities in chronological dates, and was so named
because composed of Julian years.
 -- Julian year, the year of 365 days, 6 hours, adopted in the Julian
calendar, and in use until superseded by the Gregorian year, as
established in the reformed or Gregorian calendar.

JULIENNE
Ju`li*enne", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A kind of soup containing thin slices or shreds of carrots,
onions, etc.

JULIFORM
Ju"li*form, a. Etym: [Julus + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the shape or appearance of a julus or catkin.

JULUS
Ju"lus, n.; pl.Juli. Etym: [Of the same origin as iulus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A catkin or ament. See Ament.

JULY
Ju*ly", n.; pl. Julies. Etym: [L.Julius; -- named from Caius Julius
Cæsar, who was born in this month: cf. F. Juillet.]

Defn: The seventh month of the year, containing thirty-one days.

Note: This month was called Quintilis, or the fifth month, according
to the old Roman calendar, in which March was the first month of the
year.

JULY-FLOWER
Ju*ly"-flow`er, n.

Defn: See Gillyflower.

JUMART
Ju"mart, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The fabled offspring of a bull and a mare. Locke.

JUMBLE
Jum"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jumbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Jumbling.]
Etym: [Prob. fr. jump, i. e., to make to jump, or shake.]

Defn: To mix in a confused mass; to put or throw together without
order; -- often followed by together or up.
Why dost thou blend and jumble such inconsistencies together Burton.
Every clime and age Jumbled together. Tennyson.

JUMBLE
Jum"ble, v. i.

Defn: To meet or unite in a confused way; to mix confusedly. Swift.

JUMBLE
Jum"ble, n.

1. A confused mixture; a mass or collection without order; as, a
jumble of words.

2. A small, thin, sugared cake, usually ring-shaped.

JUMBLEMENT
Jum"ble*ment, n.

Defn: Confused mixture. [Low]

JUMBLER
Jum"bler, n.

Defn: One who confuses things.

JUMBLINGLY
Jum"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a confused manner.

JUMELLE
Ju`melle", a. [F., fem. of jumeau, fr. L. gemellus. Cf. Gemel, a.]

Defn: Twin; paired; -- said of various objects made or formed in
pairs, as a binocular opera glass, a pair of gimmal rings, etc.

JUMELLE
Ju`melle", n.

Defn: A jumelle opera glass, or the like.

JUMENT
Ju"ment, n. Etym: [L. jumentum a beast of burden: cf. F. jument a
mare, OF., a beast of burden.]

Defn: A beast; especially, a beast of burden. [Obs.]
Fitter for juments than men to feed on. Burton.

JUMP
Jump, n. Etym: [Cf. F. jupe a long petticoat, a skirt. Cf. Juppon.]
(a) A kind of loose jacket for men. (b) pl.

Defn: A bodice worn instead of stays by women in the 18th century.

JUMP
Jump, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Jumping.] Etym:
[Akin to OD. gumpen, dial. G. gumpen, jumpen.]

1. To spring free from the ground by the muscular action of the feet
and legs; to project one's self through the air; to spring; to bound;
to leap.
Not the worst of the three but jumps twelve foot and a half by the
square. Shak.

2. To move as if by jumping; to bounce; to jolt. "The jumping
chariots." Nahum iii. 2.
A flock of geese jump down together. Dryden.

3. To coincide; to agree; to accord; to tally; -- followed by with.
"It jumps with my humor." Shak. To jump at, to spring to; hence,
fig., to accept suddenly or eagerly; as, a fish jumps at a bait; to
jump at a chance.

JUMP
Jump, v. t.

1. To pass by a spring or leap; to overleap; as, to jump a stream.

2. To cause to jump; as, he jumped his horse across the ditch.

3. To expose to danger; to risk; to hazard. [Obs.]
To jump a body with a dangerous physic. Shak.

4. (Smithwork)
(a) To join by a butt weld.
(b) To thicken or enlarge by endwise blows; to upset.

5. (Quarrying)

Defn: To bore with a jumper. To jump a claim, to enter upon and take
possession of land to which another has acquired a claim by prior
entry and occupation. [Western U. S. & Australia] See Claim, n., 3.
 -- To jump one's bail, to abscond while at liberty under bail bonds.
[Slang, U. S.]

JUMP
Jump, n.

1. The act of jumping; a leap; a spring; a bound. "To advance by
jumps." Locke.

2. An effort; an attempt; a venture. [Obs.]
Our fortune lies Upon thisjump. Shak.

3. The space traversed by a leap.

4. (Mining)

Defn: A dislocation in a stratum; a fault.

5. (Arch.)

Defn: An abrupt interruption of level in a piece of brickwork or
masonry. From the jump, from the start or beginning. [Colloq.] --
Jump joint. (a) A butt joint. (b) A flush joint, as of plank in
carvel-built vessels.
 -- Jump seat. (a) A movable carriage seat. (b) A carriage
constructed with a seat which may be shifted so as to make room for
second or extra seat. Also used adjectively; as, a jump-seat wagon.

JUMP
Jump, a.

Defn: Nice; exact; matched; fitting; precise. [Obs.] "Jump names." B.
Jonson.

JUMP
Jump, adv.

Defn: Exactly; pat.[Obs.] Shak.

JUMPER
Jump"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, jumps.

2. A long drilling tool used by masons and quarrymen.

3. A rude kind of sleigh; -- usually, a simple box on runners which
are in one piece with the poles that form the thills. [U.S.] J. F.
Cooper.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of the cheese fly. See Cheese fly, under Cheese.

5. (Eccl.)

Defn: A name applied in the 18th century to certain Calvinistic
Methodists in Wales whose worship was characterized by violent
convulsions.

6. (Horology)

Defn: spring to impel the star wheel, also a pawl to lock fast a
wheel, in a repeating timepiece. Baby jumper. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Bounty jumper. See under Bounty.

JUMPER
Jump"er, n. Etym: [See 1st Jump.]

Defn: A loose upper garment; as:
(a) A sort of blouse worn by workmen over their ordinary dress to
protect it.
(b) A fur garment worn in Arctic journeys.

JUMPING
Jump"ing, p. a. & vb. n.

Defn: of Jump, to leap. Jumping bean, a seed of a Mexican Euphorbia,
containing the larva of a moth (Carpocapsa saltitans). The larva by
its sudden movements causes the seed to roll to roll and jump about.
 -- Jumping deer (Zoöl.), a South African rodent (Pedetes Caffer),
allied to the jerboa.
 -- Jumping jack, a toy figure of a man, jointed and made to jump or
dance by means of strings.
 -- Jumping louse (Zoöl.), any of the numerous species of plant lice
belonging to the family Psyllidæ, several of which are injurious to
fruit trees.
 -- Jumping mouse (Zoöl.), North American mouse (Zapus Hudsonius),
having a long tail and large hind legs. It is noted for its jumping
powers. Called also kangaroo mouse.
 -- Jumping mullet (Zoöl.), gray mullet.
 -- Jumping shrew (Zoöl.), any African insectivore of the genus
Macroscelides. They are allied to the shrews, but have large hind
legs adapted for jumping.
 -- Jumping spider (Zoöl.), spider of the genus Salticus and other
related genera; one of the Saltigradæ; -- so called because it leaps
upon its prey.

JUMPING DISEASE
Jump"ing dis*ease".

Defn: A convulsive tic similar to or identical with miryachit,
observed among the woodsmen of Maine.

JUMP SPARK
Jump spark.

Defn: A spark produced by the jumping of electricity across a
permanent gap.

JUMPWELD
Jump"weld`, v. t.

Defn: See Buttweld, v. t.

JUMPY
Jump"y, a. [Compar. Jumpier; superl. Jumpiest.]

Defn: Jumping, or inducing to jump; characterized by jumps; hence,
extremely nervous.

JUNCACEOUS
Jun*ca"ceous, a. Etym: [See Juncate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of. pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants
(Juncaceæ), of which the common rush (Juncus) is the type.

JUNCATE
Jun"cate, n.

Defn: See Junket.[Obs.] Spenser.

JUNCITE
Jun"cite, n. Etym: [L. juncus a rush.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil rush.

JUNCO
Jun"co, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird of the genus Junco, which includes several species of
North American finches; -- called also snowbird, or blue snowbird.

JUNCOUS
Jun"cous, a. Etym: [L. juncosus, fr. juncus a rush.]

Defn: Full of rushes: resembling rushes; juncaceous. [R.] Johnson.

JUNCTION
Junc"tion, n. Etym: [L. junctio, fr. jungere, junctum, to join: cf.
F. jonction. See Join.]

1. The act of joining, or the state of being joined; union;
combination; coalition; as, the junction of two armies or
detachments; the junction of paths.

2. The place or point of union, meeting, or junction; specifically,
the place where two or more lines of railway meet or cross. Junction
plate (Boilers), a covering or break-join plate riveted to and
uniting the edges of sheets which make a butt joint.
 -- Junction rails (Railroads), the switch, or movable, rails,
connecting one line of track with another.

JUNCTION BOX
Junc"tion box. (Elec.)

Defn: A box through which the main conductors of a system of electric
distribution pass, and where connection is made with branch circuits.

JUNCTURE
Junc"ture, n. Etym: [L.junctura, fr. jungere to join. See Jointure.]

1. A joining; a union; an alliance. [Obs.] "Devotional compliance and
juncture of hearts." Eikon Basilike.

2. The line or point at which two bodies are joined; a joint; an
articulation; a seam; as, the junctures of a vessel or of the bones.
Boyle.

3. A point of time; esp., one made critical or important by a
concurrence of circumstances; hence, a crisis; an exigency.
"Extraordinary junctures." Addison.
In such a juncture, what can the most plausible and refined
philosophy offer Berkeley.

JUNE
June, n. Etym: [L. Junius: cf. F. Juin. So called either from Junius,
the name of a Roman gens, or from Juno, the goddess.]

Defn: The sixth month of the year, containing thirty days.
And what is so rare as a day in June Then, if ever, come perfect
days. Lowell.
June beetle, June bug (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large
brown beetles of the genus Lachnosterna and related genera; -- so
called because they begin to fly, in the northern United States,
about the first of June. The larvæ of the June beetles live under
ground, and feed upon the roots of grasses and other plants. Called
also May bug or May beetle.
 -- June grass (Bot.), a New England name for Kentucky blue grass.
See Blue glass, and Illustration in Appendix.

JUNEATING
June"a*ting, n.

Defn: A kind of early apple. [Written also jenneting.]

JUNEBERRY
June"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)
(a) The small applelike berry of American trees of genus Amelanchier;
-- also called service berry.
(b) The shrub or tree which bears this fruit; -- also called shad
bush, and had tree.

JUNGERMANNIA
Jun`ger*man"ni*a, n.; pl. Jungermanniæ. Etym: [NL. Named after Ludwig
Jungermann, a German botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of hepatic mosses, now much circumscribed, but formerly
comprising most plants of the order, which is sometimes therefore
called Jungermanniaceæ.

JUNGLE
Jun"gle, n. Etym: [Hind. jangal desert, forest, jungle; Skr. ja
desert.]

Defn: A dense growth of brushwood, grasses, reeds, vines, etc.; an
almost impenetrable thicket of trees, canes, and reedy vegetation, as
in India, Africa, Australia, and Brazil.
The jungles of India are of bamboos, canes, and other palms, very
difficult to penetrate. Balfour (Cyc. of India).
Jungle bear (Zoöl.), the aswail or sloth bear.
 -- Jungle cat (Zoöl.), the chaus.
 -- Jungle cock (Zoöl.), the male of a jungle fowl.
 -- Jungle fowl. (Zoöl.) (a) Any wild species of the genus Gallus, of
which several species inhabit India and the adjacent islands; as, the
fork-tailed jungle fowl (G. varius) of Java, G. Stanleyi of Ceylon,
and G. Bankiva of India.

Note: The latter, which resembles the domestic gamecock, is supposed
to be one of the original species from which the domestic fowl was
derived. (b) An Australian grallatorial bird (Megapodius tumulus)
which is allied to the brush turkey, and, like the latter, lays its
eggs in mounds of vegetable matter, where they are hatched by the
heat produced by decomposition.

JUNGLY
Jun"gly, a.

Defn: Consisting of jungles; abounding with jungles; of the nature of
a jungle.

JUNIOR
Jun"ior, a. Etym: [L. contr. fr. juvenior, compar. of juvenis young.
See Juvenile.]

1. Less advanced in age than another; younger.

Note: Junior is applied to distinguish the younger of two persons
bearing the same name in the same family, and is opposed to senior or
elder. Commonly applied to a son who has the same Christian name as
his father.

2. Lower in standing or in rank; later in office; as, a junior
partner; junior counsel; junior captain.

3. Composed of juniors, whether younger or a lower standing; as, the
junior class; of or pertaining to juniors or to a junior class. See
Junior, n., 2.

4. Belonging to a younger person, or an earlier time of life.
Our first studies and junior endeavors. Sir T. Browne.

JUNIOR
Jun"ior, n.

1. A younger person.
His junior she, by thirty years. Byron.

2. Hence: One of a lower or later standing; specifically, in American
colleges, one in the third year of his course, one in the fourth or
final year being designated a senior; in some seminaries, one in the
first year, in others, one in the second year, of a three years'
course.

JUNIORITY
Jun*ior"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being junior.

JUNIPER
Ju"ni*per, n. Etym: [L. juniperus, prop., youth-producing, and so
called from its evergreen appearance, from the roots of E. juvenile,
and parent. Cf. Gin the liquor.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any evergreen shrub or tree, of the genus Juniperus and order
Coniferæ.

Note: The common juniper (J. communis) is a shrub of a low, spreading
form, having awl-shaped, rigid leaves in whorls of threes, and
bearing small purplish blue berries (or galbuli), of a warm, pungent
taste, used as diuretic and in flavoring gin. A resin exudes from the
bark, which has erroneously been considered identical with sandarach,
and is used as pounce. The oil of juniper is acrid, and used for
various purposes, as in medicine, for making varnish, etc. The wood
of several species is of a reddish color, hard and durable, and is
used in cabinetwork under the names of red cedar, Bermuda cedar, etc.
Juniper worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a geometrid moth (Drepanodes
varus). It feeds upon the leaves of the juniper, and mimics the small
twigs both in form and color, in a remarkable manner.

JUNIPERIN
Ju"ni*per*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow amorphous substance extracted from juniper berries.

JUNIPERITE
Ju"ni*per*ite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: One of the fossil Coniferæ, evidently allied to the juniper.

JUNK
Junk, n.

Defn: A fragment of any solid substance; a thick piece. See Chunk.
[Colloq.] Lowell.

JUNK
Junk, n. Etym: [Pg. junco junk, rush, L. juncus a bulrush, of which
ropes were made in early ages. Cf. Junket.]

1. Pieces of old cable or old cordage, used for making gaskets, mats,
swabs, etc., and when picked to pieces, forming oakum for filling the
seams of ships.

2. Old iron, or other metal, glass, paper, etc., bought and sold by
junk dealers.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: Hard salted beef supplied to ships. Junk bottle , a stout
bottle made of thick dark-colored glass.
 -- Junk dealer, a dealer in old cordage, old metal, glass, etc.
 -- Junk hook (Whaling), a hook for hauling heavy pieces of blubber
on deck.
 -- Junk ring. (a) A packing of soft material round the piston of a
steam engine. (b) A metallic ring for retaining a piston packing in
place; (c) A follower.
 -- Junk shop, a shop where old cordage, and ship's tackle, old iron,
old bottles, old paper, etc., are kept for sale.
 -- Junk vat (Leather Manuf.), a large vat into which spent tan
liquor or ooze is pumped.
 -- Junk wad (Mil.), a wad used in proving cannon; also used in
firing hot shot.

JUNK
Junk, n. Etym: [Pg. junco; cf. Jav. & Malay jong, ajong, Chin.
chwan.] (Naut.)

Defn: A large vessel, without keel or prominent stem, and with huge
masts in one piece, used by the Chinese, Japanese, Siamese, Malays,
etc., in navigating their waters.

JUNKER
Jun"ker, n. Etym: [G. Cf. Yonker.]

Defn: A young German noble or squire; esp., a member of the
aristocratic party in Prussia.

JUNKERISM
Jun"ker*ism, n.

Defn: The principles of the aristocratic party in Prussia.

JUNKET
Jun"ket, n. Etym: [Formerly also juncate, fr. It. giuncata cream
cheese, made in a wicker or rush basket, fr. L. juncus a rush. See 2d
Junk, and cf. Juncate.]

1. A cheese cake; a sweetmeat; any delicate food.
How Faery Mab the junkets eat. Milton.
Victuals varied well in taste, And other junkets. Chapman.

2. A feast; an entertainment.
A new jaunt or junket every night. Thackeray.

JUNKET
Jun"ket, v. i.

Defn: To feast; to banquet; to make an entertainment; -- sometimes
applied opprobriously to feasting by public officers at the public
cost.
Job's children junketed and feasted together often. South.

JUNKET
Jun"ket, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Junketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Junketing.]

Defn: To give entertainment to; to feast.
The good woman took my lodgings over my head, and was in such a hurry
to junket her neighbors. Walpole.

JUNKETING
Jun"ket*ing, n.

Defn: A feast or entertainment; a revel.
All those snug junketings and public gormandizings for which the
ancient magistrates were equally famous with their modern successors.
W. Irving.
The apostle would have no reveling or junketing upon the altar.
South.

JUNKETRIES
Jun"ket*ries, n. pl.

Defn: Sweetmeats. [Obs.]

JUNO
Ju"no, n.; pl. Junos. Etym: [L.]

1. (Rom. Myth.)

Defn: The sister and wife of Jupiter, the queen of heaven, and the
goddess who presided over marriage. She corresponds to the Greek
Hera.
Sweeter than the lids of Juno's eyes. Shak.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: One of the early discovered asteroids. Bird of June, the
peacock.

JUNO
Ju"no (ju"no), n.; pl. Junos (-noz). [L.]

1. (Rom. Myth.) The sister and wife of Jupiter, the queen of heaven,
and the goddess who presided over marriage. She corresponds to the
Greek Hera.

Sweeter than the lids of Juno's eyes.
Shak.

2. (Astron.) One of the early discovered asteroids.

Bird of Juno, the peacock.

JUNOLD
Jun"old, a. [Obs.]

Defn: See Gimmal.

JUNTA
Jun"ta, n.; pl. Juntas. Etym: [Sp., fr. L. junctus joined, p. p. of
jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Junto.]

Defn: A council; a convention; a tribunal; an assembly; esp., the
grand council of state in Spain.

JUNTO
Jun"to, n.; pl. Juntos. Etym: [Sp. junto united. See Junta.]

Defn: A secret council to deliberate on affairs of government or
politics; a number of men combined for party intrigue; a faction; a
cabal; as, a junto of ministers; a junto of politicians.
The puzzling sons of party next appeared, In dark cabals and mighty
juntos met. Thomson.

JUPARTIE
Jup"ar*tie, n.

Defn: Jeopardy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

JUPATI PALM
Ju`pa*ti" palm`. (Bot.)

Defn: A great Brazilian palm tree (Raphia tædigera), used by the
natives for many purposes.

JUPE
Jupe, n.

Defn: Same as Jupon.

JUPITER
Ju"pi*ter, n. Etym: [L., fr. Jovis pater. See Jove.]

1. (Rom. Myth.)

Defn: The supreme deity, king of gods and men, and reputed to be the
son of Saturn and Rhea; Jove. He corresponds to the Greek Zeus.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: One of the planets, being the brightest except Venus, and the
largest of them all, its mean diameter being about 85,000 miles. It
revolves about the sun in 4,332.6 days, at a mean distance of 5.2028
from the sun, the earth's mean distance being taken as unity.
Jupiter's beard. (Bot.) (a) A South European herb, with cymes of
small red blossoms (Centranthus ruber). (b) The houseleek
(Sempervivum tectorum); -- so called from its massive inflorescence,
like the sculptured beard of Jove. Prior. (c) the cloverlike
Anthyllis Barba-Jovis.
 -- Jupiter's staff (Bot.), the common mullein; -- so called from its
long, rigid spike of yellow blossoms.

JUPON; JUPPON
Ju*pon", Jup*pon", n. Etym: [F. jupon, fr. jupe skirt, Sp. aljuba a
Moorish garment, Ar. jubba.] [Written variously jupe, jump, juppo,
etc.]

1. A sleeveless jacket worn over the armor in the 14th century. It
fitted closely, and descended below the hips. Dryden.

2. A petticoat. Halliwell.

JURA
Ju"ra, n. Etym: [F. & L.]

Defn: 1. A range of mountains between France and Switzerland.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: The Jurassic period. See Jurassic.

JURAL
Ju"ral, a. Etym: [L.jus, juris, right.]

1. Pertaining to natural or positive right. [R.]
By the adjective jural we shall denote that which has reference to
the doctrine of rights and obligations; as by the adjective "moral"
we denote that which has reference to the doctrine of duties.
Whewell.

2. (Law)

Defn: Of or pertaining to jurisprudence.

JURAMENTUM
Ju`ra*men"tum, n.; pl. Juramenta (. Etym: [L.] (Roman & Old Eng. Law)

Defn: An oath.

JURASSIC
Ju*ras"sic, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Of the age of the middle Mesozoic, including, as divided in
England and Europe, the Lias, Oölite, and Wealden; -- named from
certain rocks of the Jura mountains.
 -- n.

Defn: The Jurassic period or formation; -- called also the Jura.

JURAT
Ju"rat, n. Etym: [Prov. F. jurat, fr. L. juratus sworn, p. p. of
jurare to swear. See Jury, n.]

1. A person under oath; specifically, an officer of the nature of an
alderman, in certain municipal corporations in England. Burrill.

2. (Law)

Defn: The memorandum or certificate at the end of an asffidavit, or a
bill or answer in chancery, showing when, before whom, and (in
English practice), where, it was sworn or affirmed. Wharton. Bouvier.

JURATORY
Ju"ra*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. juratorius, fr. jurare to swear: cf. F.
juratoire.]

Defn: Relating to or comprising an oath; as, juratory caution.
Ayliffe.

JURA-TRIAS
Ju`ra-tri"as, n. (Geol.)

Defn: A term applied to many American Mesozoic strata, in which the
characteristics of the Jurassic and Triassic periods appear to be
blended.
 -- Ju`ra-tri*as"sic, a.

JURDICCION
Jur*dic"ci*on, n.

Defn: Jurisdiction. [Obs.]

JURDON
Jur"don, n.

Defn: Jordan. [Obs.] Chaucer.

JUREL
Ju"rel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A yellow carangoid fish of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts (Caranx
chrysos), most abundant southward, where it is valued as a food fish;
-- called also hardtail, horse crevallé, jack, buffalo jack,
skipjack, yellow mackerel, and sometimes, improperly, horse mackerel.
Other species of Caranx (as C. fallax) are also sometimes called
jurel.

JURIDIC; JURIDICAL
Ju*rid"ic, Ju*rid"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. juridicus relating to the
administration of justice; jus, juris, right, law + dicare to
pronounce: cf. F. juridique. See Just, a., and Diction.]

Defn: Pertaining to a judge or to jurisprudence; acting in the
distribution of justice; used in courts of law; according to law;
legal; as, juridical law. "This juridical sword." Milton.
The body corporate of the kingdom, in juridical construction, never
dies. Burke.
Juridical days, days on which courts are open.

JURIDICALLY
Ju*rid*ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a juridical manner.

JURISCONSULT
Ju`ris*con"sult, n. Etym: [L. jurisconsultus; jus, juris, right +
consulere, consultum, to consult: cf. F. jurisconsulte.] (Law)

Defn: A man learned in the civil law; an expert in juridical science;
a professor of jurisprudence; a jurist.

JURISDICTION
Ju`ris*dic"tion, n. Etym: [L. jurisdictio; jus, juris, right, law +
dictio a saying, speaking: cf. OF. jurisdiction, F. juridiction. See
Just, a., and Diction.]

1. (Law)

Defn: The legal power, right, or authority of a particular court to
hear and determine causes, to try criminals, or to execute justice;
judicial authority over a cause or class of causes; as, certain suits
or actions, or the cognizance of certain crimes, are within the
jurisdiction of a particular court, that is, within the limits of its
authority or commission.

2. The authority of a sovereign power to govern or legislate; the
right of making or enforcing laws; the power or right of exercising
authority.
To live exempt From Heaven's high jurisdiction. Milton.
You wrought to be a legate; by which power You maim'd the
jurisdiction of all bishops. Shak.

3. Sphere of authority; the limits within which any particular power
may be exercised, or within which a government or a court has
authority.

Note: Jurisdiction, in its most general sense, is the power to make,
declare, or apply the law. When confined to the judiciary department,
it is what we denominate the judicial power, the right of
administering justice through the laws, by the means which the laws
have provided for that purpose. Jurisdiction is limited to place or
territory, to persons, or to particular subjects. Duponceau.

JURISDICTIONAL
Ju`ris*dic"tion*al, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. jurisdictionalis, F.
juridictionnel.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to jurisdiction; as jurisdictional rights.
Barrow.

JURISDICTIVE
Ju`ris*dic"tive, a.

Defn: Having jurisdiction. Milton.

JURISPRUDENCE
Ju`ris*pru"dence, n. Etym: [L. jurisprudentia; jus, juris, right, law
+ prudentia a foreseeing, knowledge of a matter, prudence: cf. F.
jurisprudence. See Just, a., and Prudence.]

Defn: The science of juridical law; the knowledge of the laws,
customs, and rights of men in a state or community, necessary for the
due administration of justice.
The talents of Abelard were not confined to theology, jurisprudence,
philosophy. J. Warton.
Medical jurisprudence, that branch of juridical law which concerns
questions of medicine.

JURISPRUDENT
Ju`ris*pru"dent, a.Etym: [See Jurisprudence.]

Defn: Understanding law; skilled in jurisprudence. G. West.

JURISPRUDENT
Ju`ris*pru"dent, n. Etym: [Cf. F. jurisprudent.]

Defn: One skilled in law or jurisprudence. [R.] De Quincey.

JURISPRUDENTIAL
Ju`ris*pru*den"tial, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to jurisprudence. Stewart.

JURIST
Ju`rist, n. Etym: [F. juriste, LL. jurista, fr. L. jus, juris, right,
law. See Just, a.]

Defn: One who professes the science of law; one versed in the law,
especially in the civil law; a writer on civil and international law.
It has ever been the method of public jurists to Burke.

JURISTIC; JURISTICAL
Ju*ris"tic, Ju*ris"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a jurist, to the legal profession, or to
jurisprudence. [R.] "Juristic ancestry." Lowell.

JUROR
Ju"ror, n. Etym: [F. jureur one who takes oath, L. jurator a swearer,
fr. jurare, jurari, to swear. See Jury, n.]

1. (Law)

Defn: A member of a jury; a juryman.
I shall both find your lordship judge and juror. Shak.

2. A member of any jury for awarding prizes, etc.

JURY
Ju"ry, a. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.)

Defn: For temporary use; -- applied to a temporary contrivance. Jury
mast, a temporary mast, in place of one that has been carried away,
or broken.
 -- Jury rudder, a rudder constructed for temporary use.

JURY
Ju"ry, n.; pl. Juries. Etym: [OF. jurée an assize, fr. jurer to
swear, L. jurare, jurari; akin to jus, juris, right, law. See
Just,a., and cf. Jurat, Abjure.]

1. (Law)

Defn: A body of men, usually twelve, selected according to law,
impaneled and sworn to inquire into and try any matter of fact, and
to render their true verdict according to the evidence legally
adduced. See Grand jury under Grand, and Inquest.
The jury, passing on the prisoner's life. Shak.

2. A committee for determining relative merit or awarding prizes at
an exhibition or competition; as, the art jury gave him the first
prize. Jury of inquest, a coroner's jury. See Inquest.

JURYMAN
Ju"ry*man, n.; pl. Jurymen (.

Defn: One who is impaneled on a jury, or who serves as a juror.

JURY MAST
Ju"ry mast.
 (a) A temporary mast, in place of one that has been carried away, or
broken.
 (b) (Med.) An apparatus to support the trunk and head in spinal
disease.

JURY-RIGGED
Ju"ry-rigged`, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Rigged for temporary service. See Jury, a.

JUSSI
Jus"si, n.

Defn: A delicate fiber, produced in the Philippine Islands from an
unidentified plant, of which dresses, etc., are made.

JUST
Just, a. Etym: [F. juste, L. justus, fr. jus right, law, justice;
orig., that which is fitting; akin to Skr. yu to join. Cf. Injury,
Judge, Jury, Giusto.]

1. Conforming or conformable to rectitude or justice; not doing wrong
to any; violating no right or obligation; upright; righteous; honest;
true; -- said both of persons and things. "O just but severe law!"
Shak.
There is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not.
Eccl. vii. 20.
Just balances, just weights, . . . shall ye have. Lev. xix. 36.
How should man be just with God Job ix. 2.
We know your grace to be a man. Just and upright. Shak.

2. Not transgressing the requirement of truth and propriety;
conformed to the truth of things, to reason, or to a proper standard;
exact; normal; reasonable; regular; due; as, a just statement; a just
inference.
Just of thy word, in every thought sincere. Pope.
The prince is here at hand: pleaseth your lordship To meet his grace
just distance 'tween our armies. Shak.
He was a comely personage, a little above just stature. Bacon.
Fire fitted with just materials casts a constant heat. Jer. Taylor.
When all The war shall stand ranged in its just array. Addison.
Their named alone would make a just volume. Burton.

3. Rendering or disposed to render to each one his due; equitable;
fair; impartial; as, just judge.
Men are commonly so just to virtue and goodness as to praise it in
others, even when they do not practice it themselves. Tillotson.
Just intonation. (Mus.) (a) The correct sounding of notes or
intervals; true pitch. (b) The giving all chords and intervals in
their purity or their exact mathematical ratio, or without
temperament; a process in which the number of notes and intervals
required in the various keys is much greater than the twelve to the
octave used in systems of temperament. H. W. Poole.

Syn.
 -- Equitable; upright; honest; true; fair; impartial; proper; exact;
normal; orderly; regular.

JUST
Just, adv.

1. Precisely; exactly; -- in place, time, or degree; neither more nor
less than is stated.
And having just enough, not covet more. Dryden.
The god Pan guided my hand just to the heart of the beast. Sir P.
Sidney.
To-night, at Herne's oak, just 'twixt twelve and one. Shak.

2. Closely; nearly; almost.
Just at the point of death. Sir W. Temple.

3. Barely; merely; scarcely; only; by a very small space or time; as,
he just missed the train; just too late.
A soft Etesian gale But just inspired and gently swelled the sail.
Dryden.
Just now, the least possible time since; a moment ago.

JUST
Just, v. i. Etym: [See Joust.]

Defn: To joust. Fairfax.

JUST
Just, n.

Defn: A joust. Dryden.

JUSTICE
Jus"tice, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. justitia, fr. justus just. See Just,
a.]

1. The quality of being just; conformity to the principles of
righteousness and rectitude in all things; strict performance of
moral obligations; practical conformity to human or divine law;
integrity in the dealings of men with each other; rectitude; equity;
uprightness.
Justice and judgment are the haditation of thy throne. Ps. ixxxix.
11.
The king-becoming graces, As justice, verity, temperance, stableness,
. . . I have no relish of them. Shak.

2. Conformity to truth and reality in expressing opinions and in
conduct; fair representation of facts respecting merit or demerit;
honesty; fidelity; impartiality; as, the justice of a description or
of a judgment; historical justice.

3. The rendering to every one his due or right; just treatment;
requital of desert; merited reward or punishment; that which is due
to one's conduct or motives.
This even-handed justice Commends the ingredients of our poisoned
chalice To our own lips. Shak.

4. Agreeableness to right; equity; justness; as, the justice of a
claim.

5. A person duly commissioned to hold courts, or to try and decide
controversies and administer justice.

Note: This title is given to the judges of the common law courts in
England and in the United States, and extends to judicial officers
and magistrates of every grade. Bed of justice. See under Bed.
 -- Chief justice. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Justice of the peace (Law), a judicial officer or subordinate
magistrate appointed for the conservation of the peace in a specified
district, with other incidental powers specified in his commission.
In the United States a justice of the peace has jurisdiction to
adjudicate certain minor cases, commit offenders, etc.

Syn.
 -- Equity; law; right; rectitude; honesty; integrity; uprightness;
fairness; impartiality.
 -- Justice, Equity, Law. Justice and equity are the same; but human
laws, though designed to secure justice, are of necessity imperfect,
and hence what is strictly legal is at times far from being equitable
or just. Here a court of equity comes in to redress the grievances.
It does so, as distinguished from courts of law; and as the latter
are often styled courts of justice, some have fancied that there is
in this case a conflict between justice and equity. The real conflict
is against the working of the law; this a court of equity brings into
accordance with the claims of justice. It would be an unfortunate use
of language which should lead any one to imagine he might have
justice on his side while practicing iniquity (inequity). Justice,
Rectitude. Rectitude, in its widest sense, is one of the most
comprehensive words in our language, denoting absolute conformity to
the rule of right in principle and practice. Justice refers more
especially to the carrying out of law, and has been considered by
moralists as of three kinds: (1) Commutative justice, which gives
every man his own property, including things pledged by promise. (2)
Distributive justice, which gives every man his exact deserts. (3)
General justice, which carries out all the ends of law, though not in
every case through the precise channels of commutative or
distributive justice; as we see often done by a parent or a ruler in
his dealings with those who are subject to his control.

JUSTICE
Jus"tice, v. t.

Defn: To administer justice to. [Obs.] Bacon.

JUSTICEABLE
Jus"tice*a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to trial in a court of justice. [Obs.] Hayward.

JUSTICEHOOD
Jus"tice*hood, n.

Defn: Justiceship. B. Jonson.

JUSTICEMENT
Jus"tice*ment, n.

Defn: Administration of justice; procedure in courts of justice.
[Obs.] Johnson.

JUSTICER
Jus"ti*cer, n.

Defn: One who administers justice; a judge. [Obs.] "Some upright
justicer." Shak.

JUSTICESHIP
Jus"tice*ship, n.

Defn: The office or dignity of a justice. Holland.

JUSTICIABLE
Jus*ti"ci*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. justitiabilis, F. justiciable.]

Defn: Proper to be examined in a court of justice. Bailey.

JUSTICIAR
Jus*ti"ci*ar, n.

Defn: Same as Justiciary.

JUSTICIARY
Jus*ti"ci*a*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. justitiarius, F. justicier. See
Justice.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: An old name for the judges of the higher English courts.

Note: The chief justiciary, or justiciar, in early English history,
was not only the chief justice of the kingdom, but also ex officio
regent in the king's absence. Court of justiciary (Scots Law), the
supreme criminal court, having jurisdiction over the whole of
Scotland.

JUSTICO; JUSTICOAT
Jus"ti*co, Jus"ti*coat`, n. Etym: [F. justaucorps, lit., close to the
body.]

Defn: Formerly, a close coat or waistcoat with sleeves.

JUSTIFIABLE
Jus"ti*fi`a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. justifiable. See Justify.]

Defn: Capable of being justified, or shown to be just.
Just are the ways of God, An justifiable to men. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Defensible; vindicable; warrantable; excusable; exculpable;
authorizable.
 -- Jus"ti*fi`a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Jus"ti*fi`a*bly, adv.

JUSTIFICATION
Jus`ti*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. justificatio: cf. F. justification.
See Justify.]

1. The act of justifying or the state of being justified; a showing
or proving to be just or conformable to law, justice, right, or duty;
defense; vindication; support; as, arguments in justification of the
prisoner's conduct; his disobedience admits justification.
I hope, for my brother's justification, he wrote this but as an essay
or taste of my virtue. Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: The showing in court of a sufficient lawful reason why a party
charged or accused did that for which he is called to answer.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: The act of justifying, or the state of being justified, in
respect to God's requirements.
Who was delivered for our offenses, and was raised again for our
justification. Rom. iv. 25.
In such righteousness To them by faith imputed, they may find
Justification toward God, and peace Of conscience. Milton.

4. (Print.)

Defn: Adjustment of type by spacing it so as to make it exactly fill
a line, or of a cut so as to hold it in the right place; also, the
leads, quads, etc., used for making such adjustment.

JUSTIFICATIVE
Jus*tif"i*ca*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. justificatif.]

Defn: Having power to justify; justificatory.

JUSTIFICATOR
Jus"ti*fi*ca`tor, n. Etym: [LL. justificator: cf. F. justificateur.]

Defn: One who justifies or vindicates; a justifier. Johnson.

JUSTIFICATORY
Jus*tif"i*ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Vindicatory; defensory; justificative.

JUSTIFIER
Jus"ti*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who justifies; one who vindicates, supports, defends, or
absolves.
Justifiers of themselves and hypocrites. Strype.
That he might be just, and the justifier of him which believeth in
Jesus. Rom. iii. 26.

JUSTIFY
Jus"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Justified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Justifying.] Etym: [F. justifier, L. justificare; justus just + -
ficare (in comp.) to make. See Just, a., and -fy.]

1. To prove or show to be just; to vindicate; to maintain or defend
as conformable to law, right, justice, propriety, or duty.
That to the height of this great argument I may assert eternal
providence, And justify the ways of God to men. Milton.
Unless the oppression is so extreme as to justify revolution, it
would not justify the evil of breaking up a government. E. Everett.

2. To pronounce free from guilt or blame; to declare or prove to have
done that which is just, right, proper, etc.; to absolve; to
exonerate; to clear.
I can not justify whom the law condemns. Shak.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: To treat as if righteous and just; to pardon; to exculpate; to
absolve.
By him all that believe are justified from all things, from which ye
could not be justified by the law of Moses. Acts xiii. 39.

4. To prove; to ratify; to confirm. [Obs.] Shak.

5. (Print.)

Defn: To make even or true, as lines of type, by proper spacing; to
adjust, as type. See Justification, 4.

Syn.
 -- To defend; maintain; vindicate; excuse; exculpate; absolve;
exonerate.

JUSTIFY
Jus"ti*fy, v. i.

1. (Print.)

Defn: To form an even surface or true line with something else; to
fit exactly.

2. (Law)

Defn: To take oath to the ownership of property sufficient to qualify
one's self as bail or surety.

JUSTINIAN
Jus*tin"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Institutes or laws of the Roman
Justinian.

JUSTLE
Jus"tle, v. i. Etym: [Freq. of joust, just, v. i. See Joust, v. i.,
and cf. Jostle.]

Defn: To run or strike against each other; to encounter; to clash; to
jostle. Shak.
The chariots shall rage in the streets; they shall justle one against
another in the broad ways. Nahum ii. 4.

JUSTLE
Jus"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Justled; p. pr. & vb. n. Justling.]

Defn: To push; to drive; to force by running against; to jostle.
We justled one another out, and disputed the post for a great while.
Addison.

JUSTLE
Jus"tle, n.

Defn: An encounter or shock; a jostle.

JUSTLY
Just"ly, adv. Etym: [From Just, a.]

Defn: In a just manner; in conformity to law, justice, or propriety;
by right; honestly; fairly; accurately. "In equal balance justly
weighed." Shak.
Nothing can justly be despised that can not justly be blamed: where
there is no choice there can be no blame. South.

JUSTNESS
Just"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being just; conformity to truth, propriety,
accuracy, exactness, and the like; justice; reasonableness; fairness;
equity; as, justness of proportions; the justness of a description or
representation; the justness of a cause.
In value the satisfaction I had in seeing it represented with all the
justness and gracefulness of action. Dryden.

Note: Justness is properly applied to things, and justice to persons;
but the distinction is not always observed.

Syn.
 -- Accuracy; exactness; correctness; propriety; fitness;
reasonableness; equity; uprightness; justice.

JUT
Jut, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jutting.] Etym: [A
corruption of jet.]

1. To shoot out or forward; to project beyond the main body; as, the
jutting part of a building. "In jutting rock and curved shore."
Wordsworth.
It seems to jut out of the structure of the poem. Sir T. Browne.

2. To butt. [Obs.] "The jutting steer." Mason.

JUT
Jut, n.

1. That which projects or juts; a projection.

2. A shove; a push. [Obs.] Udall.

JUTE
Jute, n. Etym: [Hind. j, Skr. j matted hair; cf. ja matted hair,
fibrous roots.]

Defn: The coarse, strong fiber of the East Indian Corchorus
olitorius, and C. capsularis; also, the plant itself. The fiber is
much used for making mats, gunny cloth, cordage, hangings, paper,
etc.

JUTES
Jutes, n. pl. sing. Jute. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Jutlanders; one of the Low German tribes, a portion of which
settled in Kent, England, in the 5th century.

JUTLANDER
Jut"land*er, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Jutland in Denmark.

JUTLANDISH
Jut"land*ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Jutland, or to the people of Jutland.

JUTTING
Jut"ting, a.

Defn: Projecting, as corbels, cornices, etc.
 -- Jut"ting*ly, adv.

JUTTY
Jut"ty, n. Etym: [See Jetty, Jut, Jet.]

Defn: A projection in a building; also, a pier or mole; a jetty.
Shak.

JUTTY
Jut"ty, v. t. & i.

Defn: To project beyond. [Obs.] Shak.

JUVENAL
Ju"ve*nal, n. Etym: [L. juvenalis youthful, juvenile, fr. juvenis
young.]

Defn: A youth. [Obs.] Shak.

JUVENESCENCE
Ju`ve*nes"cence, n.

Defn: A growing young.

JUVENESCENT
Ju`ve*nes"cent, a. Etym: [L. juvenescens, p. pr. of juvenescere to
grow young again, from juvenis young.]

Defn: Growing or becoming young.

JUVENILE
Ju"ve*nile, a. Etym: [L. juvenilis, from juvenis young; akin to E.
young: cf. F. juvénile, juvénil. See Young.]

1. Young; youthful; as, a juvenile appearance. "A juvenile
exercitation." Glanvill.

2. Of or pertaining to youth; as, juvenile sports.

Syn.
 -- Puerile; boyish; childish. See Youthful.

JUVENILE
Ju"ve*nile, n.

Defn: A young person or youth; -- used sportively or familiarly. C.
Bronté.

JUVENILENESS
Ju"ve*nile*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being juvenile; juvenility.

JUVENILITY
Ju`ve*nil"i*ty, n.; pl. Juvenilities. Etym: [L. juvenilitas: cf. F.
juvénilité.]

1. Youthfulness; adolescence. Glanvill.

2. The manners or character of youth; immaturity. Glanvill.

JUVIA
Ju"vi*a, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A Brazilian name for the lofty myrtaceous tree (Bertholetia
excelsa) which produces the large seeds known as Brazil nuts.

JUWANSA
Ju*wan"sa, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The camel's thorn. See under Camel.

JUWISE
Ju*wise", n. [Obs.]

Defn: Same as Juise. Chaucer.

JUXTAPOSE
Jux`ta*pose", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Juxtaposit, Pose.]

Defn: To place in juxtaposition. Huxley.

JUXTAPOSIT
Jux`ta*pos"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Juxtaposited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Juxtapositing.] Etym: [L. juxta near + positus, p. p. of ponere to
put.]

Defn: To place in close connection or contiguity; to juxtapose.
Derham.

JUXTAPOSITION
Jux`ta*po*si"tion, n. Etym: [L. juxta near + positio position: cf. F.
juxtaposition. See Just, v. i., and Position.]

Defn: A placing or being placed in nearness or contiguity, or side by
side; as, a juxtaposition of words.
Parts that are united by a a mere juxtaposition. Glanvill.
Juxtaposition is a very unsafe criterion of continuity. Hare.

JYMOLD
Jym"old (jim"old), a. [Obs.]

Defn: See Gimmal.

K

Defn: (K is from the Latin, which used the letter but little except
in the early period of the language. It came into the Latin from the
Greek, which received it from a Phoenician source, the ultimate
origin probably being Egyptian,. Etymologically K is most nearly
related to c, g, h (which see).

Note: In many words of one syllable k is used after c, as in crack,
check, deck, being necessary to exhibit a correct pronunciation in
the derivatives, cracked, checked, decked, cracking; since without
it, c, before the vowels e and i, would be sounded like s. Formerly,
k was added to c in certain words of Latin origin, as in musick,
publick, republick; but now it is omitted.

Note: See Guide to Pronunciation , §§ 240, 178, 179, 185.

KAAMA
Kaa"ma, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hartbeest.

KABALA
Kab"a*la, n.

Defn: See Cabala.

KABASSOU
Ka*bas"sou, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Cabassou.

KABOB
Ka*bob", n. & v. t.

Defn: See Cabob, n. & v. t.

KABOOK
Ka*book", n. (min.)

Defn: A clay ironstone found in Ceylon.

KABYLE
Ka*byle", n. Etym: [Ar. qabila.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: A Berber, as in Algiers or Tunis. See Berber.

KADDER
Kad"der, n. Etym: [Cf. Caddow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The jackdaw.

KADI; KADIASTER
Ka"di, Ka`di*as"ter, n.

Defn: A Turkish judge. See Cadi.

KAFAL
Ka*fal", n. (Bot.)

Defn: The Arabian name of two trees of the genus Balsamodendron,
which yield a gum resin and a red aromatic wood.

KAFFIR; KAFIR
Kaf"fir, Ka"fir, n. Etym: [Ar. k infidel, pagan, fr. kafara to be
skeptical in religious matters; -- a name given to certain infidel
races by the Mohammedans. Cf. Giaour.] (Ethnol.)
(a) One of a race which, with the Hottentots and Bushmen, inhabit
South Africa. They inhabit the country north of Cape Colony, the name
being now specifically applied to the tribes living between Cape
Colony and Natal; but the Zulus of Natal are true Kaffirs.
(b) One of a race inhabiting Kafiristan in Central Asia. [Spelt also
Caffre.] Kaffir corn (Bot.), a Cape Colony name for Indian millet.

KAFFLE
Kaf"fle, n.

Defn: See Coffle.

KAFILAH
Ka"fi*lah, n.

Defn: See Cafila.

KAFTAN
Kaf"tan, n & v.

Defn: See Caftan.

KAGE
Kage, n.

Defn: A chantry chapel inclosed with lattice or screen work.

KAGU
Ka"gu, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A singular, crested, grallatorial bird (Rhinochetos jubatus),
native of New Caledonia. It is gray above, paler beneath, and the
feathers of the wings and tail are handsomely barred with brown,
black, and gray. It is allied to the sun bittern.

KAGUAN
Ka`gu*an", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The colugo.

KAHANI
Ka"ha"ni, n.

Defn: A kind of notary public, or attorney, in the Levant.

KAHAU
Ka*hau", n. Etym: [Native name, from its cry.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A long-nosed monkey (Semnopithecus nasalis), native of Borneo.
The general color of the body is bright chestnut, with the under
parts, shoulders, and sides of the head, golden yellow, and the top
of the head and upper part of the back brown. Called also proboscis
monkey. [Written also kaha.]

KAIL
Kail, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of headless cabbage. Same as Kale, 1.

2. Any cabbage, greens, or vegetables. [OE. or Scot.]

3. A broth made with kail or other vegetables; hence, any broth;
also, a dinner. [Scot.] Kail yard, a kitchen garden. [Scot.]

KAIMACAM
Kai`ma*cam", n.

Defn: Same as Caimacam.

KAIN
Kain, n. (Scots Law)

Defn: Poultry, etc., required by the lease to be paid in kind by a
tenant to his landlord. Wharton (Law Dict.).

KAINIT
Kai"nit, n. Etym: [Trade name, fr. kainite.]

Defn: Salts of potassium used in the manufacture of fertilizers.

KAINITE
Kai"nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A compound salt consisting chiefly of potassium chloride and
magnesium sulphate, occurring at the Stassfurt salt mines in Prussian
Saxony.

KAINOZOIC
Kai`no*zo"ic, a.

Defn: See Cenozoic.

KAIQUE
Ka*ique", n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Caique.

KAIRINE
Kai"rine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A pale buff or white crystalline alkaloid derived from
quinoline, and used as an antipyretic in medicine.

KAIROLINE
Kai`ro*line, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An organic base obtained from quinoline. It is used as a
febrifuge, and resembles kairine.

KAISER
Kai"ser, n. Etym: [Gr., fr. L. Caesar. Cf. Kesar, and Czar.]

Defn: The ancient title of emperors of Germany assumed by King
William of Prussia when crowned sovereign of the new German empire in
1871.

KAKA
Ka"ka, n. Etym: [Maori kaka a parrot; -- so named from its note.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A New Zealand parrot of the genus Nestor, especially the brown
parrot (Nestor meridionalis).

Note: The mountain kaka, or kea (N. notabilis), is remarkable for
having recently acquired carnivorous habits. It attacks and kills
lambs and pigs, sometimes doing great damage. Night kaka. (Zoöl.) The
kakapo.

KAKAPO
Ka`ka*po", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A singular nocturnal parrot (Strigops habroptilus), native of
New Zealand. It lives in holes during the day, but is active at
night. It resembles an owl in its colors and general appearance. It
has large wings, but can fly only a short distance. Called also owl
parrot, night parrot, and night kaka.

KAKARALLI
Kak`a*ral"li, n.

Defn: A kind of wood common in Demerara, durable in salt water,
because not subject to the depredations of the sea worm and barnacle.

KAKISTOCRACY
Kak`is*toc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Government by the worst men.

KAKOXENE
Ka*kox"ene, n.

Defn: See Cacoxene.

KALAN
Ka*lan", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sea otter.

KALASIE
Ka`la*sie", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A long-tailed monkey of Borneo (Semnopithecus rubicundus). It
has a tuft of long hair on the head.

KALE
Kale, n. Etym: [Scot. kale, kail, cale, colewort, Gael. cael; akin to
Ir. cal, W. cawl, Armor. kaol. See Cole.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A variety of cabbage in which the leaves do not form a head,
being nearly the original or wild form of the species. [Written also
kail, and cale.]

2. See Kail, 2. Sea kale (Bot.), a European cruciferous herb (Crambe
maritima), often used as a pot herb; sea cabbage.

KALEEGE
Ka*leege", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of large, crested, Asiatic pheasants,
belonging to the genus Euplocamus, and allied to the firebacks.

KALEIDOPHON; KALEIDOPHONE
Ka*lei"do*phon, Ka*lei"do*phone, Etym: [Gr. (Physics.)

Defn: An instrument invented by Professor Wheatstone, consisting of a
reflecting knob at the end of a vibrating rod or thin plate, for
making visible, in the motion of a point of light reflected from the
knob, the paths or curves corresponding with the musical notes
produced by the vibrations.

KALEIDOSCOPE
Ka*lei"do*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: An instrument invented by Sir David Brewster, which contains
loose fragments of colored glass, etc., and reflecting surfaces so
arranged that changes of position exhibit its contents in an endless
variety of beautiful colors and symmetrical forms. It has been much
employed in arts of design.
Shifting like the fragments of colored glass in the kaleidoscope. G.
W. Cable.

KALEIDOSCOPIC; KALEIDOSCOPICAL
Ka*lei`do*scop"ic, Ka*lei`do*scop"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or formed by, a kaleidoscope; variegated.

KALENDAR
Kal"en*dar, n.

Defn: See Calendar.

KALENDARIAL
Kal`en*da"ri*al, a.

Defn: See Calendarial.

KALENDER
Kal"en*der, n.

Defn: See 3d Calender.

KALENDS
Kal"ends, n.

Defn: Same as Calends.

KALI
Ka"li, n. Etym: [Skr. kali.] (Hind. Cosmog.)

Defn: The last and worst of the four ages of the world; -- considered
to have begun B. C. 3102, and to last 432,000 years.

KALI
Ka"li, n. Etym: [Skr. kali.] (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: The black, destroying goddess; -- called also Doorga, Anna
Purna.

KALI
Ka"li, n. Etym: [Ar. qali. See Alkali.] (Bot.)

Defn: The glasswort (Salsola Kali).

KALIF
Ka"lif, n.

Defn: See Caliph.

KALIFORM
Ka"li*form, a. Etym: [Kali + -form.]

Defn: Formed like kali, or glasswort.

KALIGENOUS
Ka*lig"e*nous, a. Etym: [Kali + -genous. See Alkali.]

Defn: Forming alkalies with oxygen, as some metals.

KALIUM
Ka"li*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Kali.] (Chem.)

Defn: Potassium; -- so called by the German chemists.

KALKI
Kal"ki, n. Etym: [Skr.]

Defn: The name of Vishnu in his tenth and last avatar. Whitworth.

KALMIA
Kal"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named in honor of Peter Kalm, a Swedish
botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of North American shrubs with poisonous evergreen
foliage and corymbs of showy flowers. Called also mountain laurel,
ivy bush, lamb kill, calico bush, etc.

KALMUCK
Kal"muck, n.

1. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: See Calmucks.

2. A kind of shaggy cloth, resembling bearskin.

3. A coarse, dyed, cotton cloth, made in Prussia.

KALONG
Ka*long", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fruit bat, esp. the Indian edible fruit bat (Pteropus
edulis).

KALOYER
Ka*loy"er, n.

Defn: See Caloyer.

KALPA
Kal"pa, n. Etym: [Skr.] (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: One of the Brahmanic eons, a period of 4,320,000,000 years. At
the end of each Kalpa the world is annihilated.

KALSOMINE
Kal"so*mine, n. & v. t.

Defn: Same as Calcimine.

KAM
Kam, a. Etym: [From Celtic; cf. Gael., Ir., & W. cam. Cf. Jamb, n.]

Defn: Crooked; awry. [Obs.] "This is clean kam." Shak.

KAMA
Ka"ma, n. Etym: [Skr. kama love, the god of love.]

Defn: The Hindoo Cupid. He is represented as a beautiful youth, with
a bow of sugar cane or flowers.

KAMALA
Ka*ma"la, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The red dusty hairs of the capsules of an East Indian tree
(Mallotus Philippinensis) used for dyeing silk. It is violently
emetic, and is used in the treatment of tapeworm. [Written also
kameela.]

KAME
Kame, n.

Defn: A low ridge. [Scot.] See Eschar.

KAMI
Ka"mi, n. pl. Etym: [Japanese.]

Defn: A title given to the celestial gods of the first mythical
dynasty of Japan and extended to the demigods of the second dynasty,
and then to the long line of spiritual princes still represented by
the mikado.

KAMICHI
Ka"mi*chi, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A curious South American bird (Anhima, or Palamedea, cornuta),
often domesticated by the natives and kept with poultry, which it
defends against birds of prey. It has a long, slender, hornlike
ornament on its head, and two sharp spurs on each wing. Although its
beak, feet, and legs resemble those of gallinaceous birds, it is
related in anatomical characters to the ducks and geese (Anseres).
Called also horned screamer. The name is sometimes applied also to
the chaja. See Chaja, and Screamer.

KAMPTULICON
Kamp*tu"li*con, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A kind of elastic floor cloth, made of India rubber, gutta-
percha, linseed oil, and powdered cork.

KAMPYLITE
Kam"py*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of mimetite or arseniate of lead in hexagonal prisms
of a fine orange yellow. [Written also campylite.]

KAMSIN; KHAMSIN
Kam*sin", Kham*sin", n. Etym: [Ar. khamsin, fr. khamsun, oblique case
khamsin, fifty; -- so called because it blows for about fifty days,
from April till June.]

Defn: A hot southwesterly wind in Egypt, coming from the Sahara.
[Written also Khamseen.]

KAMTSCHADALES
Kam"tscha*dales, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: An aboriginal tribe inhabiting the southern part of
Kamtschatka.

KAN
Kan, v. t.

Defn: To know; to ken. [Obs.] See Ken.

KAN
Kan, n.

Defn: See Khan.

KANACKA; KANAKA
Ka*nack"a, Ka*na"ka, n. Etym: [Native name, prop., a man.]

Defn: A native of the Sandwich Islands.

KANCHIL
Kan"chil, n. Etym: [Malay canchil.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small chevrotain of the genus Tragulus, esp. T. pygmæus, or
T. kanchil, inhabiting Java, Sumatra, and adjacent islands; a
deerlet. It is noted for its agility and cunning.

KAND
Kand, n. (Mining)

Defn: Fluor spar; -- so called by Cornish miners.

KANGAROO
Kan"ga*roo", n. Etym: [Said to be the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of jumping marsupials of the family
Macropodidæ. They inhabit Australia, New Guinea, and adjacent
islands, They have long and strong hind legs and a large tail, while
the fore legs are comparatively short and feeble. The giant kangaroo
(Macropus major) is the largest species, sometimes becoming twelve or
fourteen feet in total length. The tree kangaroos, belonging to the
genus Dendrolagus, live in trees; the rock kangaroos, of the genus
Petrogale, inhabit rocky situations; and the brush kangaroos, of the
genus Halmaturus, inhabit wooded districts. See Wallaby.

Kangaroo apple (Bot.), the edible fruit of the Tasmanian plant
Solanum aviculare.
 -- Kangaroo grass (Bot.), a perennial Australian forage grass
(Anthistiria australis).
 -- Kangaroo hare (Zoöl.), the jerboa kangaroo. See under Jerboa.
 -- Kangaroo mouse. (Zoöl.) See Jumping mouse, under Jumping.
 -- Kangaroo rat (Zoöl.), the potoroo.

KANSAS
Kan"sas, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians allied to the Winnebagoes and Osages. They
formerly inhabited the region which is now the State of Kansas, but
were removed to the Indian Territory.

KANTIAN
Kant"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Immanuel Kant, the German philosopher;
conformed or relating to any or all of the philosophical doctrines of
Immanuel Kant.

KANTIAN
Kant"i*an, n.

Defn: A follower of Kant; a Kantist.

KANTIANISM; KANTISM
Kant"i*an*ism, Kant"ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine or theory of Kant; the Kantian philosophy.

KANTIST
Kant"ist n.

Defn: A disciple or follower of Kant.

KANTTRY
Kant"try, n.

Defn: Same as Cantred.

KAOLIN; KAOLINE
Ka"o*lin, Ka"o*line, n. Etym: [Chin. kao-ling.] (Min.)

Defn: A very pure white clay, ordinarily in the form of an impalpable
powder, and used to form the paste of porcelain; China clay;
porcelain clay. It is chiefly derived from the decomposition of
common feldspar.

Note: The name is now applied to all porcelain clays which endure the
fire without discoloration.

KAOLINIZATION
Ka`o*lin`i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The process by which feldspar is changed into kaolin.

KAOLINIZE
Ka"o*lin*ize, v. t.

Defn: To convert into kaolin.

KAPELLE
Ka*pel"le, n. Etym: [G.] (Mus.)

Defn: A chapel; hence, the choir or orchestra of a prince's chapel;
now, a musical establishment, usually orchestral. Grove.

KAPELLMEISTER
Ka*pell"meis`ter, n. Etym: [G.] (Mus.)

Defn: See Capellmeister.

KAPIA
Ka"pi*a, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Min.)

Defn: The fossil resin of the kauri tree of New Zealand.

KAPNOMAR
Kap"no*mar, n. Chem.

Defn: ) See Capnomor.

KAPOK
Ka*pok", n. [Prob. fr. the native name.] (Bot.)

Defn: A silky wool derived from the seeds of Ceiba pentandra (syn.
Eriodendron anfractuosum), a bombaceous tree of the East and West
Indies.

KARAGANE
Kar"a*gane, n. Etym: [Russ. karagan'] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of gray fox found in Russia.

KARAISM
Ka"ra*ism, n.

Defn: Doctrines of the Karaites.

KARAITE
Ka"ra*ite, n. Etym: [Heb.qara to read.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A sect of Jews who adhere closely to the letter of the
Scriptures, rejecting the oral law, and allowing the Talmud no
binding authority; -- opposed to the Rabbinists.

KARAKUL
Ka`ra*kul", n. [Russ. karakul' curly fleece of Bokhara and Khiva
sheep.]

Defn: Astrakhan, esp. in fine grades. Cf. Caracul.

KARATAS
Ka*ra"tas, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A West Indian plant of the Pineapple family (Nidularium
Karatas).

KARMA
Kar"ma, n. Etym: [Skr.] (Buddhism)

Defn: One's acts considered as fixing one's lot in the future
existence. (Theos.) The doctrine of fate as the inflexible result of
cause and effect; the theory of inevitable consequence.

KARMATHIAN
Kar*ma"thi*an, n.

Defn: One of a Mohammedan sect founded in the ninth century by
Karmat.

KARN
Karn, n. Etym: [Cornish. Cf. Cairn.] (Mining)

Defn: A pile of rocks; sometimes, the solid rock. See Cairn.

KAROB
Ka"rob, n. Etym: [Cf. Carat.]

Defn: The twenty-fourth part of a grain; -- a weight used by
goldsmiths. Crabb.

KAROSS
Ka*ross", n. [Native name.]

Defn: A native garment or rug of skin sewed together in the form of a
square. [South Africa]

The wants of a native . . . are confined to a kaross (skin cloak) or
some pieces of cotton cloth.
James Bryce.

KARPHOLITE
Kar"pho*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. carpholithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A fibrous mineral occurring in tufts of a straw-yellow color.
It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and manganese.

KARROO
Kar*roo", n.; pl. Karroos (.

Defn: One of the dry table-lands of South Africa, which often rise
terracelike to considerable elevations. [Also karoo.] The Great
Karroo, or The Karroo, a vast plateau, in Cape Colony, stretching
through five degrees of longitude, at an elevation of about 3,000
feet.

KARSTENITE
Kar"sten*ite, n.

Defn: Same as Anhydrite.

KARVEL
Kar"vel, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Carvel, and Caravel.

KARYOKINESIS
Kar"y*o*ki*ne`sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The indirect division of cells in which, prior to division of
the cell protoplasm, complicated changes take place in the nucleus,
attended with movement of the nuclear fibrils; -- opposed to
karyostenosis. The nucleus becomes enlarged and convoluted, and
finally the threads are separated into two groups which ultimately
become disconnected and constitute the daughter nuclei. Called also
mitosis. See Cell development, under Cell.

KARYOKINETIC
Kar`y*o*ki*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to karyokinesis; as, karyokinetic changes of
cell division.

KARYOMITON
Kar`y*om"i*ton, n. Etym: [NL., Gr. ( (Biol.)

Defn: The reticular network of fine fibers, of which the nucleus of a
cell is in part composed; -- in opposition to kytomiton, or the
network in the body of the cell. W. Flemming.

KARYOPLASMA
Kar`y*o*plas"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. a num + (Biol.)

Defn: The protoplasmic substance of the nucleus of a cell:
nucleoplasm; -- in opposition to kytoplasma, the protoplasm of the
cell.

KARYOSTENOSIS
Kar`y*o*ste*no"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Direct cell division (in which there is first a simple division
of the nucleus, without any changes in its structure, followed by
division of the protoplasm of the karyostenotic mode of nuclear
division.

KARYOSTENOTIC
Kar`y*o*ste*not"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or connected with, karyostenosis; as, the
karyostenotic mode of nuclear division.

KASACK
Ka*sack", n. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Same as Cossack.

KAT
Kat, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An Arabian shrub Catha edulis) the leaves of which are used as
tea by the Arabs.

KATABOLIC
Kat`a*bol"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to katabolism; as, katabolic processes, which
give rise to substances (katastates) of decreasing complexity and
increasing stability.

KATABOLISM
Ka*tab"o*lism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Destructive or downward metabolism; regressive metamorphism; --
opposed to anabolism. See Disassimilation.

KATASTATE
Kat"a*state, n. Etym: [Gr. (

Defn: (Physiol.) A substance formed by a katabolic process; --
opposed to anastate. See Katabolic.

KATE
Kate, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The brambling finch.

KATHETAL
Kath"e*tal, a. Etym: [Gr. Cathetus.] (Math.)

Defn: Making a right angle; perpendicular, as two lines or two sides
of a triangle, which include a right angle.

KATHETOMETER
Kath`e*tom"e*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Cathetometer.

KATTIMUNDOO
Kat`ti*mun"doo, n.

Defn: A caoutchouc like substance obtained from the milky juice of
the East Indian Euphorbia Kattimundoo. It is used as a cement.

KATYDID
Ka"ty*did`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, green, arboreal, orthopterous insect (Cyrtophyllus
concavus) of the family Locustidæ, common in the United States. The
males have stridulating organs at the bases of the front wings.
During the summer and autumn, in the evening, the males make a
peculiar, loud, shrill sound, resembling the combination Katy-did,
whence the name.

KAURI
Ka"u*ri, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Bot.)

Defn: A lofty coniferous tree of New Zealand Agathis, or Dammara,
australis), furnishing valuable timber and yielding one kind of
dammar resin. [Written also kaudi, cowdie, and cowrie.]

KAURI RESIN; KAURI GUM; KAURI COPAL
Kauri resin, gum, or copal.

Defn: A resinous product of the kauri, found in the form of yellow or
brown lumps in the ground where the trees have grown. It is used for
making varnish, and as a substitute for amber.

KAVA
Ka"va, n. Etym: [Polynesian.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Macropiper (M. methysticum), the long pepper, from
the root of which an intoxicating beverage is made by the
Polynesians, by a process of mastication; also, the beverage itself.
[Written also kawa, kava, and ava.]

KAVASS
Ka*vass", n.; pl. Kavasses Etym: [Turk. kavvas]

Defn: An armed constable; also, a government servant or courier.
[Turkey]

KAW
Kaw, v. i. & n.

Defn: See Caw.

KAWAKA
Ka*wa"ka, n. (Bot.)

Defn: a New Zealand tree, the Cypress cedar (Libocedrus Doniana),
having a valuable, fine-grained, reddish wood.

KAWN
Kawn, n.

Defn: A inn. [Turkey] See Khan.

KAYAK
Kay"ak, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A light canoe, made of skins stretched over a frame, and
usually capable of carrying but one person, who sits amidships and
uses a double-bladed paddle. It is peculiar to the Eskimos and other
Arctic tribes.

KAYAKER
Kay"ak*er, n.

Defn: One who uses a kayak.

KAYKO
Kay"ko, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dog salmon.

KAYLES
Kayles, n. pl. Etym: [Akin to Dan. kegle, Sw. kegla, D. & G. kegel,
OHG. kegil, whence F. quille.]

Defn: A game; ninepins. [Prov Eng.] Carew.

KAYNARD
Kay"nard, n. Etym: [F. cagnard.]

Defn: A lazy or cowardly person; a rascal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

KAZOO
Ka*zoo", n. [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A kind of toy or rude musical instrument, as a tube inside of
which is a stretched string made to vibrate by singing or humming
into the tube.

KEA
Ke"a (ka"a; colloq. ke"a), n. [Maori.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large New Zealand parrot (Nestor notabilis), notorious for
having acquired the habit of killing sheep; -- called also mountain
parrot.

KECK
Keck, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kecked; p. pr. & vb. n. Kecking.] Etym:
[Cf. dial. G. köcken, köken.]

Defn: To heave or to retch, as in an effort to vomit. [R.] Swift.

KECK
Keck, n.

Defn: An effort to vomit; queasiness. [R.]

KECKLE
Kec"kle, v. i. & n.

Defn: See Keck, v. i. & n.

KECKLE
Kec"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Keckled; p. pr. & vb. n. Keckling.]
(Naut.)

Defn: To wind old rope around, as a cable, to preserve its surface
from being fretted, or to wind iron chains around, to defend from the
friction of a rocky bottom, or from the ice. Totten.

KECKLING
Kec"kling, n.

Defn: Old rope or iron chains wound around a cable. See Keckle, v. t.

KECKLISH
Kec"klish, a. Etym: [From keck, keckle.]

Defn: Inclined to vomit; squeamish. [R.] Holland.

KECKSY
Keck"sy, n.; pl. Kecksies (-sîz). Etym: [Properly pl. of kex. See
Kex.] (Bot.)

Defn: The hollow stalk of an umbelliferous plant, such as the cow
parsnip or the hemlock. [Written also kex, and in pl., kecks, kaxes.]
Nothing teems But hateful docks, rough thistles, kecksies, burs.
Shak.

KECKY
Keck"y, a.

Defn: Resembling a kecksy. Grew.

KEDDAH
Ked"dah, n. [Malay kedah, fr. Ar. qadah hole.]

Defn: An inclosure constructed to entrap wild elephants; an elephant
trap. [India]

KEDGE
Kedge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kedged; p. pr. & vb. n. Kedging.] Etym:
[Cf. dial. Sw. keka to tug, to drag one's self slowly forward; or
perh. fr. ked, and kedge, n., for ked anchor, named from the ked or
cask fastened to the anchor to show where it lies.] (Naut.)

Defn: To move (a vessel) by carrying out a kedge in a boat, dropping
it overboard, and hauling the vessel up to it.

KEDGE
Kedge, n. Etym: [See Kedge, v. t.] (Naut.)

Defn: A small anchor used whenever a large one can be dispensed
witch. See Kedge, v. t., and Anchor, n.

KEDGER
Kedg"er n. (Naut.)

Defn: A small anchor; a kedge.

KEDLOCK
Ked"lock, n. Etym: [Cf. dial. G.köddik, küdik, kettich, keek, Dan.
kidike, E. charlock, and AS. cedelc the herb mercury.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Charlock.

KEE
Kee, n. pl. of Cow. Etym: [AS. c, pl. of c cow. See Kine.]

Defn: See Kie, Ky, and Kine. [Prov. Eng.] Gay.

KEECH
Keech, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. keech a cake.]

Defn: A mass or lump of fat rolled up by the butcher. [Obs.] Shak.

KEEL
Keel, v. t. & i. Etym: [AS. c to cool, fr. c cool. See Cool.]

Defn: To cool; to akin or stir [Obs.]
While greasy Joan doth keel the pot. Shak.

KEEL
Keel, n.

Defn: A brewer's cooling vat; a keelfat.

KEEL
Keel, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. ceól ship; akin to D. & G. kiel keel, OHG.
chiol ship, Icel. kj, and perh. to Gr. gla ball, round water vessel.
But the meaning of the English word seems to come from Icel. kjölr
keel, akin to Sw. köl, Dan. kjöl.]

1. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A longitudinal timber, or series of timbers scarfed together,
extending from stem to stern along the bottom of a vessel. It is the
principal timber of the vessel, and, by means of the ribs attached on
each side, supports the vessel's frame. In an iron vessel, a
combination of plates supplies the place of the keel of a wooden
ship. See Illust. of Keelson.

2. Fig.: The whole ship.

3. A barge or lighter, used on the Type for carrying coal from
Newcastle; also, a barge load of coal, twentyone tons, four cwt.
[Eng.]

4. (Bot.)

Defn: The two lowest petals of the corolla of a papilionaceous
flower, united and inclosing the stamens and pistil; a carina. See
Carina.

5. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: A projecting ridge along the middle of a flat or curved
surface. Bilge keel (Naut.), a keel peculiar to ironclad vessels,
extending only a portion of the length of the vessel under the
bilges. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
 -- False keel. See under False.
 -- Keel boat. (a) A covered freight boat, with a keel, but no sails,
used on Western rivers. [U. S.] (b) A low, flat-bottomed freight
boat. See Keel, n., 3.
 -- Keel piece, one of the timbers or sections of which a keel is
composed. On even keel, in a level or horizontal position, so that
the draught of water at the stern and the bow is the same. Ham. Nav.
Encyc.

KEEL
Keel, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Keeled; p. pr. & vb. n. Keeling.]

1. To traverse with a keel; to navigate.

2. To turn up the keel; to show the bottom. To keel over, to upset;
to capsize. [Colloq.]

KEELAGE
Keel"age, n. Etym: [Cf. F. guillage, fr. guille keel; of German or
Scand origin. See 3d Keel.]

Defn: The right of demanding a duty or toll for a ship entering a
port; also, the duty or toll. Bouvier. Wharton.

KEELED
Keeled, a.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Keel-shaped; having a longitudinal prominence on the back; as,
a keeled leaf.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a median ridge; carinate; as, a keeled scale.

KEELER
Keel"er, n. Etym: [See 3d Keel.]

1. One employed in managing a Newcastle keel; -- called also keelman.

2. A small or shallow tub; esp., one used for holding materials for
calking ships, or one used for washing dishes, etc.

KEELFAT
Keel"fat`, n. Etym: [Keel to cool + fat a large tub, a vat.]
(Brewing)

Defn: A cooler; a vat for cooling wort, etc. [Written also keelvat.]
Johnson.

KEELHAUL
Keel"haul`, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Keelhauled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Keelhauling.] Etym: [3d keel + haul: cf. LG. & D. kielhalen, G.
kielholen. ] [Written also keelhale.] (Naut.)

Defn: To haul under the keel of a ship, by ropes attached to the
yardarms on each side. It was formerly practiced as a punishment in
the Dutch and English navies. Totten.

KEELING
Kee"ling, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. keila, Sw. kolja, Dan. kulle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cod.

KEELIVINE
Kee"li*vine, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. cil ruddle.]

Defn: A pencil of black or red lead; -- called also keelyvine pen.
[Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

KEELMAN
Keel"man, n.; pl. -men (.

Defn: See Keeler,

1.

KEELRAKE
Keel"rake`, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: Same as Keelhaul.

KEELS
Keels, n. pl.

Defn: Ninepins. See Kayles.

KEELSON
Keel"son, n. Etym: [Akin to Sw. kölsvin, Dan. kjölsviin, G.
kielschwein; apparently compounded of the words keel and swine; but
cf. Norweg. kjölsvill, where svill is akin to E. sill, n. ]
(Shipbuilding)

Defn: A piece of timber in a ship laid on the middle of the floor
timbers over the keel, and binding the floor timbers to the keel; in
iron vessels, a structure of plates, situated like the keelson of a
timber ship. Cross keelson, a similar structure lying athwart the
main keelson, to support the engines and boilers.

KEELVAT
Keel"vat`, n.

Defn: See Keelfat.

KEEN
Keen, a. [Compar. Keener; superl. Keenest.] Etym: [OE. kene sharp,
bold, AS.c bold; akin to D. koen, OHG. kuoni, G. kühn, OSw. kyn, kön,
Icel. kænn, for koenn wise; perh. akin to E. ken, can to be able.

1. Sharp; having a fine edge or point; as, a keen razor, or a razor
with a keen edge.
A bow he bare and arwes [arrows] bright and kene. Chaucer.
That my keen knife see not the wound it makes. Shak.

2. Acute of mind; sharp; penetrating; having or expressing mental
acuteness; as, a man of keen understanding; a keen look; keen
features.
To make our wits more keen. Shak.
Before the keen inquiry of her thought. Cowper.

3. Bitter; piercing; acrimonious; cutting; stinging; severe; as, keen
satire or sarcasm.
Good father cardinal, cry thou amen To my keen curses. Shak.

4. Piercing; penetrating; cutting; sharp; -- applied to cold, wind,
etc, ; as, a keen wind; the cold is very keen.
Breasts the keen air, and carols as he goes. Goldsmith.

5. Eager; vehement; fierce; as, a keen appetite. "Of full kene will."
Piers Plowman.
So keen and greedy to confound a man. Shak.

Note: Keen is often used in the composition of words, most of which
are of obvious signification; as, keen-edged, keen-eyed, keen-
sighted, keen-witted, etc.

Syn.
 -- Prompt; eager; ardent; sharp; acute; cutting; penetrating;
biting; severe; sarcastic; satirical; piercing; shrewd.

KEEN
Keen, v. t.

Defn: To sharpen; to make cold. [R.]
Cold winter keens the brightening flood. Thomson.

KEEN
Keen, n. Etym: [Ir. caoine.]

Defn: A prolonged wail for a deceased person. Cf. Coranach. [Ireland]
Froude.

KEEN
Keen, v. i.

Defn: To wail as a keener does. [Ireland]

KEENER
Keen"er, n.

Defn: A professional mourner who wails at a funeral. [Ireland]

KEENLY
Keen"ly, adv.

Defn: In a keen manner.

KEENNESS
Keen"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being keen.

KEEP
Keep, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kept; p. pr. & vb. n. Keeping.] Etym: [OE.
k, AS.c to keep, regard, desire, await, take, betake; cf. AS.
copenere lover, OE. copnien to desire.]

1. To care; to desire. [Obs.]
I kepe not of armes for to yelp [boast]. Chaucer.

2. To hold; to restrain from departure or removal; not to let go of;
to retain in one's power or possession; not to lose; to retain; to
detain.
If we lose the field, We can not keep the town. Shak.
That I may know what keeps me here with you. Dryden.
If we would weigh and keep in our minds what we are considering, that
would instruct us. Locke.

3. To cause to remain in a given situation or condition; to maintain
unchanged; to hold or preserve in any state or tenor.
His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal. Milton.
Keep a stiff rein, and move but gently on. Addison.

Note: In this sense it is often used with prepositions and adverbs,
as to keep away, to keep down, to keep from, to keep in, out, or off,
etc. "To keep off impertinence and solicitation from his superior."
Addison.

4. To have in custody; to have in some place for preservation; to
take charge of.
The crown of Stephanus, first king of Hungary, was always kept in the
castle of Vicegrade. Knolles.

5. To preserve from danger, harm, or loss; to guard.
Behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee. Gen. xxviii. 15.

6. To preserve from discovery or publicity; not to communicate,
reveal, or betray, as a secret.
Great are thy virtues . . . though kept from man. Milton.

7. To attend upon; to have the care of; to tend.
And the Lord God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden,
to dress it and to keep it. Gen. ii. 15.
In her girlish age, she kept sheep on the moor. Carew.

8. To record transactions, accounts, or events in; as, to keep books,
a journal, etc. ; also, to enter (as accounts, records, etc. ) in a
book.

9. To maintain, as an establishment, institution, or the like; to
conduct; to manage; as, to keep store.
Like a pedant that keeps a school. Shak.
Every one of them kept house by himself. Hayward.

10. To supply with necessaries of life; to entertain; as, to keep
boarders.

11. To have in one's service; to have and maintain, as an assistant,
a servant, a mistress, a horse, etc.
I keep but three men and a boy. Shak.

12. To have habitually in stock for sale.

13. To continue in, as a course or mode of action; not to intermit or
fall from; to hold to; to maintain; as, to keep silence; to keep
one's word; to keep possession.
Both day and night did we keep company. Shak.
Within this portal as I kept my watch. Smollett.

14. To observe; to adhere to; to fulfill; not to swerve from or
violate; to practice or perform, as duty; not to neglect; to be
faithful to.
I have kept the faith. 2 Tim. iv. 7.
Him whom to love is to obey, and keep His great command. Milton.

15. To confine one's self to; not to quit; to remain in; as, to keep
one's house, room, bed, etc. ; hence, to haunt; to frequent. Shak.
'Tis hallowed ground; Fairies, and fawns, and satyrs do it keep. J.
Fletcher.

16. To observe duty, as a festival, etc. ; to celebrate; to
solemnize; as, to keep a feast.
I went with them to the house of God . . . with a multitude that kept
holyday. Ps. xlii. 4.
To keep at arm's length. See under Arm, n.
 -- To keep back. (a) To reserve; to withhold. "I will keep nothing
back from you." Jer. xlii. 4. (b) To restrain; to hold back. "Keep
back thy servant also from presumptuous sins." Ps. xix. 13.
 -- To keep company with. (a) To frequent the society of; to
associate with; as, let youth keep company with the wise and good.
(b) To accompany; to go with; as, to keep company with one on a
voyage; also, to pay court to, or accept attentions from, with a view
to marriage. [Colloq.] -- To keep counsel. See under Counsel, n.
 -- To keep down. (a) To hold in subjection; to restrain; to hinder.
(b) (Fine Arts) To subdue in tint or tone, as a portion of a picture,
so that the spectator's attention may not be diverted from the more
important parts of the work.
 -- To keep good (or bad) hours, to be customarily early (or late) in
returning home or in retiring to rest.
 -- To keep house. (a) To occupy a separate house or establishment,
as with one's family, as distinguished from boarding; to manage
domestic affairs. (b) (Eng. Bankrupt Law) To seclude one's self in
one's house in order to evade the demands of creditors.
 -- To keep one's hand in, to keep in practice.
 -- To keep open house, to be hospitable.
 -- To keep the peace (Law), to avoid or to prevent a breach of the
peace.
 -- To keep school, to govern, manage and instruct or teach a school,
as a preceptor.
 -- To keep a stiff upper lip, to keep up one's courage. [Slang] --
To keep term. (a) (Eng. Universities) To reside during a term. (b)
(Inns of Court) To eat a sufficient number of dinners in hall to make
the term count for the purpose of being called to the bar. [Eng.]
Mozley & W.
 -- To keep touch. See under Touch, n.
 -- To keep under, to hold in subjection; hence, to oppress.
 -- To keep up. (a) To maintain; to prevent from falling or
diminution; as, to keep up the price of goods; to keep up one's
credit. (b) To maintain; to continue; to prevent from ceasing. "In
joy, that which keeps up the action is the desire to continue it."
Locke.

Syn.
 -- To retain; detain; reserve; preserve; hold; restrain; maintain;
sustain; support; withhold.
 -- To Keep. Retain, Preserve. Keep is the generic term, and is often
used where retain or preserve would too much restrict the meaning;
as, to keep silence, etc. Retain denotes that we keep or hold things,
as against influences which might deprive us of them, or reasons
which might lead us to give them up; as, to retain vivacity in old
age; to retain counsel in a lawsuit; to retain one's servant after a
reverse of fortune. Preserve denotes that we keep a thing against
agencies which might lead to its being destroyed or broken in upon;
as, to preserve one's health; to preserve appearances.

KEEP
Keep, v. i.

1. To remain in any position or state; to continue; to abide; to
stay; as, to keep at a distance; to keep aloft; to keep near; to keep
in the house; to keep before or behind; to keep in favor; to keep out
of company, or out reach.

2. To last; to endure; to remain unimpaired.
If the malt be not thoroughly dried, the ale it makes will not keep.
Mortimer.

3. To reside for a time; to lodge; to dwell. [Now disused except
locally or colloquially.]
Knock at his study, where, they say, he keeps. Shak.

4. To take care; to be solicitous; to watch. [Obs.]
Keep that the lusts choke not the word of God that is in us. Tyndale.

5. To be in session; as, school keeps to-day. [Colloq.] To keep from,
to abstain or refrain from.
 -- To keep in with, to keep on good terms with; as, to keep in with
an opponent.
 -- To keep on, to go forward; to proceed; to continue to advance.
 -- To keep to, to adhere strictly to; not to neglect or deviate
from; as, to keep to old customs; to keep to a rule; to keep to one's
word or promise.
 -- To keep up, to remain unsubdued; also, not to be confined to
one's bed.

KEEP
Keep, n.

1. The act or office of keeping; custody; guard; care; heed; charge.
Chaucer.
Pan, thou god of shepherds all, Which of our tender lambkins takest
keep. Spenser.

2. The state of being kept; hence, the resulting condition; case; as,
to be in good keep.

3. The means or provisions by which one is kept; maintenance;
support; as, the keep of a horse.
Grass equal to the keep of seven cows. Carlyle.
I performed some services to the college in return for my keep. T.
Hughes.

4. That which keeps or protects; a stronghold; a fortress; a castle;
specifically, the strongest and securest part of a castle, often used
as a place of residence by the lord of the castle, especially during
a siege; the donjon. See Illust. of Castle.
The prison strong, Within whose keep the captive knights were laid.
Dryden.
The lower chambers of those gloomy keeps. Hallam.
I think . . . the keep, or principal part of a castle, was so called
because the lord and his domestic circle kept, abode, or lived there.
M. A. Lower.

5. That which is kept in charge; a charge. [Obs.]
Often he used of his keep A sacrifice to bring. Spenser.

6. (Mach.)

Defn: A cap for retaining anything, as a journal box, in place. To
take keep, to take care; to heed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

KEEPER
Keep"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, keeps; one who, or that which, holds or
has possession of anything.

2. One who retains in custody; one who has the care of a prison and
the charge of prisoners.

3. One who has the care, custody, or superintendence of anything; as,
the keeper of a park, a pound, of sheep, of a gate, etc. ; the keeper
of attached property; hence, one who saves from harm; a defender; a
preserver.
The Lord is thy keeper. Ps. cxxi. 6.

4. One who remains or keeps in a place or position.
Discreet; chaste; keepers at home. Titus ii. 5.

5. A ring, strap, clamp, or any device for holding an object in
place; as: (a) The box on a door jamb into which the bolt of a lock
protrudes, when shot. (b) A ring serving to keep another ring on the
finger. (c) A loop near the buckle of a strap to receive the end of
the strap.

6. A fruit that keeps well; as, the Roxbury Russet is a good keeper.
Downing. Keeper of the forest (O. Eng. Law), an officer who had the
principal government of all things relating to the forest.
 -- Keeper of the great seal, a high officer of state, who has
custody of the great seal. The office is now united with that of lord
chancellor. [Eng.] -- Keeper of the King's conscience, the lord
chancellor; -- a name given when the chancellor was an ecclesiastic.
[Eng.] -- Keeper of the privy seal (styled also lord privy seal), a
high officer of state, through whose hands pass all charters,
pardons, etc., before they come to the great seal. He is a privy
councillor, and was formerly called clerk of the privy seal. [Eng.] -
- Keeper of a magnet, a piece of iron which connects the two poles,
for the purpose of keeping the magnetic power undiminished; an
armature.

KEEPERSHIP
Keep"er*ship, n.

Defn: The office or position of a keeper. Carew.

KEEPING
Keep"ing, n.

1. A holding; restraint; custody; guard; charge; care; preservation.
His happiness is in his own keeping. South.

2. Maintenance; support; provision; feed; as, the cattle have good
keeping.
The work of many hands, which earns my keeping. Milton.

3. Conformity; congruity; harmony; consistency; as, these subjects
are in keeping with each other.

4. (Paint.)

Defn: Harmony or correspondence between the different parts of a work
of art; as, the foreground of this painting is not in keeping.
Keeping room, a family sitting room. [New Eng. & Prov. Eng.]

Syn.
 -- Care; guardianship; custody; possession.

KEEPSAKE
Keep"sake`, n.

Defn: Anything kept, or given to be kept, for the sake of the giver;
a token of friendship.

KEESH
Keesh, n.

Defn: See Kish.

KEEVE
Keeve, n. Etym: [AS. c, fr. L. cupa a tub, cask; also, F. cuve. Cf.
Kive, Coop.]

1. (Brewing)

Defn: A vat or tub in which the mash is made; a mash tub. Ure.

2. (Bleaching)

Defn: A bleaching vat; a kier.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A large vat used in dressing ores.

KEEVE
Keeve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Keeved; p. pr. & vb. n. Keeving.]

1. To set in a keeve, or tub, for fermentation.

2. To heave; to tilt, as a cart. [Prov. Eng.]

KEEVER
Keev"er, n.

Defn: See Keeve, n.

KEFFE-KIL
Kef"fe-kil, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Kiefekil.

KEFIR
Kef"ir, n.

Defn: An effervescent liquor like kumiss, made from fermented milk,
used as a food and as a medicine in the northern Caucasus. --
Ke*fir"ic (#), a.

KEFIR GRAINS
Kefir grains.

Defn: Small hard yellowish aggregations found in the Caucasus region,
and containing various yeasts and bacteria. They are used as a
ferment in preparing kefir.

KEG
Keg, n. Etym: [Earlier cag, Icel. kaggi; akin to Sw. kagge.]

Defn: A small cask or barrel.

KEILHAUITE
Keil"hauite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a brownish black color, related to titanite in
form. It consists chiefly of silica, titanium dioxide, lime, and
yttria.

KEIR
Keir, n.

Defn: See Kier.

KEITLOA
Keit*lo"a, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A black, two-horned, African rhinoceros (Atelodus keitloa). It
has the posterior horn about as long as the anterior one, or even
longer.

KELD
Keld, a. Etym: [Cf. Cavl.]

Defn: Having a kell or covering; webbed. [Obs.] Drayton.

KELE
Kele, v. t. Etym: [See Keel to cool.]

Defn: To cool. [Obs.] Chaucer.

KELL
Kell, n.

Defn: A kiln. [Obs.]

KELL
Kell, n. Etym: [A modification of kale.]

Defn: A sort of pottage; kale. See Kale, 2. Ainsworth.

KELL
Kell, n. Etym: [Cf. Caul.]

1. The caul; that which covers or envelops as a caul; a net; a fold;
a film. [Obs.]
I'll have him cut to the kell. Beau. & Fl.

2. The cocoon or chrysalis of an insect. B. Jonson.

KELOID
Ke"loid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Med.)

Defn: Applied to a variety of tumor forming hard, flat, irregular
excrescences upon the skin.
 -- n.

Defn: A keloid tumor.

KELOTOMY
Ke*lot"o*my, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Celotomy.

KELP
Kelp, n. Etym: [Formerly kilpe; of unknown origin.]

1. The calcined ashes of seaweed, -- formerly much used in the
manufacture of glass, now used in the manufacture of iodine.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Any large blackish seaweed.

Note: Laminaria is the common kelp of Great Britain; Macrocystis
pyrifera and Nereocystis Lutkeana are the great kelps of the Pacific
Ocean. Kelp crab (Zoöl.), a California spider crab (Epialtus
productus), found among seaweeds, which it resembles in color.
 -- Kelp salmon (Zoöl.), a serranoid food fish (Serranus clathratus)
of California. See Cabrilla.

KELPFISH
Kelp"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small California food fish (Heterostichus rostratus), living
among kelp. The name is also applied to species of the genus
Platyglossus.

KELPIE; KELPY
Kel"pie, Kel"py, n.; pl. Kelpies. Etym: [Cf. Gael. cailpeach,
calpach, colpach, a heifer, steer, colt, colpa a cow or horse.]
(Scotch Myth.)

Defn: An imaginary spirit of the waters, horselike in form, vulgarly
believed to warn, by preternatural noises and lights, those who are
to be drowned. Jamieson.

KELPWARE
Kelp"ware`, n.

Defn: Same as Kelp, 2.

KELSON
Kel"son, n.

Defn: See Keelson. Sir W. Raleigh.

KELT
Kelt, n.

Defn: See Kilt, n. Jamieson.

KELT
Kelt, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. kult quilt.]

Defn: Cloth with the nap, generally of native black wool. [Scot.]
Jamieson.

KELT
Kelt, n.

Defn: A salmon after spawning. [Scot.]

KELT
Kelt, n.

Defn: Same as Celt, one of Celtic race.

KELTER
Kel"ter, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. & Ir. cealt clothes, Gael. cealltair
spear, castle, cause, Prov. E. kilter tool, instrument. Cf. Kilt.]

Defn: Regular order or proper condition. [Written also kilter.]
[Colloq.]
If the organs of prayer be out of kelter or out of tune, how can we
pray Barrow.

KELTIC
Kelt"ic, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Celtic, a. & n.

KEMB
Kemb, n. t. [imp. & p. p. Kembed or Kempt (p. pr. & vb. n. Kembing.]
Etym: [OE.kemben, AS. cemban, fr. camb comb.]

Defn: To comb. [Obs.]
His longe hair was kembed behind his back. Chaucer.

KEMELIN
Kem"e*lin, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E.kemlin, kimlin, kimmel, a salting
tub, any tub, kembing a brewing tub, G. kumme bowl, basin, W. cwmman
a tub, brewing tub.]

Defn: A tub; a brewer's vessel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

KEMP; KEMPTY
Kemp, Kemp"ty, n.

Defn: Coarse, rough hair wool or fur, injuring its quality.

KEMPE
Kem"pe, a.

Defn: Rough; shaggy. [Obs.] "Kempe hairs." Chaucer.

KEMPS
Kemps, n. pl. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.)

Defn: The long flower stems of the ribwort plantain (Plantago
Lanceolata). Dr. Prior.

KEMPT
Kempt,

Defn: p. p. of Kemb. B. Jonson.

KEN
Ken, n. Etym: [Perh. from kennel.]

Defn: A house; esp., one which is a resort for thieves. [Slang, Eng.]

KEN
Ken, n. t. [imp. & p. p. Kenned; p. pr. & vb. n. Kenning.] Etym:
[OE.kennen to teach, make known, know, AS. cennan to make known,
proclaim, or rather from the related Icel. kenna to know; akin to D.
& G. kennen to know, Goth. kannjan to make known; orig., a causative
corresponding to AS. cunnan to know, Goth. kunnan. sq. root45. See
Can to be able, Know.]

1. To know; to understand; to take cognizance of. [Archaic or Scot.]

2. To recognize; to descry; to discern. [Archaic or Scot.] "We ken
them from afar." Addison
'T is he. I ken the manner of his gait. Shak.

KEN
Ken, v. i.

Defn: To look around. [Obs.] Burton.

KEN
Ken, n.

Defn: Cognizance; view; especially, reach of sight or knowledge.
"Beyond his ken." Longfellow.
Above the reach and ken of a mortal apprehension. South.
It was relief to quit the ken And the inquiring looks of men. Trench.

KENDAL GREEN; KENDAL
Ken"dal green`, or; Ken"dal.

Defn: A cloth colored green by dye obtained from the woad-waxen,
formerly used by Flemish weavers at Kendal, in Westmoreland, England.
J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).
How couldst thou know these men in Kendal green Shak.

KENNEL
Ken"nel, n. Etym: [See Channel, Canal.]

Defn: The water course of a street; a little canal or channel; a
gutter; also, a puddle. Bp. Hall.

KENNEL
Ken"nel, n. Etym: [OE.kenel, (assumed) OF. kenil, F. chenil, LL.
canile, fr. L. canis a dog. Cf. Canine.]

1. A house for a dog or for dogs, or for a pack of hounds.
A dog sure, if he could speak, had wit enough to describe his kennel.
Sir P. Sidney.

2. A pack of hounds, or a collection of dogs. Shak.

3. The hole of a fox or other beast; a haunt.

KENNEL
Ken"nel, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kenneled or Kennelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Kennelling.]

Defn: To lie or lodge; to dwell, as a dog or a fox.
The dog kenneled in a hollow tree. L'Estrange.

KENNEL
Ken"nel, v. t.

Defn: To put or keep in a kennel. Thomson.

KENNEL COAL
Ken"nel coal`

Defn: . See Cannel coal.

KENNING
Ken"ning, n. Etym: [See Ken, v. t.]

1. Range of sight. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. The limit of vision at sea, being a distance of about twenty
miles.

KENO
Ke"no, n. Etym: [F. quine five winning numbers, fr. L. quini five
each, quinque five. See Five.]

Defn: A gambling game, a variety of the game of lotto, played with
balls or knobs, numbered, and cards also numbered. [U. S.]

KENOGENESIS
Ken`o*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: Modified evolution, in which nonprimitive characters make their
appearance in consequence of a secondary adaptation of the embryo to
the peculiar conditions of its environment; -- distinguished from
palingenesis. [Written also cænogenesis.]

KENOGENETIC
Ken`o*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to kenogenesis; as, kenogenetic processes.
 -- Ken`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

KENSPECKLE
Ken"spec`kle, a.

Defn: Having so marked an appearance as easily to be recognized.
[Scot.]

KENT BUGLE
Kent" bu"gle. Etym: [Probably named after a Duke of Kent.] (Mus.)

Defn: A curved bugle, having six finger keys or stops, by means of
which the performer can play upon every key in the musical scale; --
called also keyed bugle, and key bugle. Moore.

KENTLE
Ken"tle, n. Etym: [From Quintal.] (Com.)

Defn: A hundred weight; a quintal.

KENTLEDGE
Kent"ledge, n. Etym: [OF. cant edge, corner, D.kant. See Cant edge,
angle.] (Naut.)

Defn: Pigs of iron used for ballast. [Written also kintlidge.]

KENTUCKY
Ken*tuck"y, n.

Defn: One of the United States. Kentucky blue grass (Bot.), a
valuable pasture and meadow grass (Poa pratensis), found in both
Europe and America. See under Blue grass.
 -- Kentucky coffee tree (Bot.), a tall North American tree
(Gymnocladus Canadensis) with bipinnate leaves. It produces large
woody pods containing a few seeds which have been used as a
substitute for coffee. The timber is a very valuable.

KEPHALIN
Keph"a*lin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: One of a group of nitrogenous phosphorized principles, supposed
by Thudichum to exist in brain tissue.

KEPI
Kep"i, n. [F. képi, of G. origin.]

Defn: A military cap having a close-fitting band, a round flat top
sloping toward the front, and a visor. As originally worn by the
French in Algeria about 1830 it was tall and stiff with a straight
visor. It is now lower, has a curved visor, and is frequently soft.

KEPT
Kept, imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Keep. Kept mistress, a concubine; a woman supported by a man
as his paramour.

KEPVISELOHAZ
Kép"vi*se*lö*ház`, n. [Hung., fr. képviselö representative + ház
house.] (Hungary)

Defn: See Legislature.

KERAMIC
Ke*ram"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Ceramic.

KERAMICS
Ke*ram"ics, n.

Defn: Same as Ceramics.

KERAMOGRAPHIC
Ker`a*mo*graph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. graph + ic.]

Defn: Suitable to be written upon; capable of being written upon, as
a slate; -- said especially of a certain kind of globe. Scudamore.

KERANA
Ke*ra"na, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of long trumpet, used among the Persians. Moore (Encyc.
of Music).

KERARGYRITE
Ke*rar"gy*rite, n.

Defn: See Cerargyrite.

KERASIN
Ker"a*sin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous substance free from phosphorus, supposed to be
present in the brain; a body closely related to cerebrin.

KERASINE
Ker"a*sine, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Resembling horn; horny; corneous.

KERATIN
Ker"a*tin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous substance, or mixture of substances, containing
sulphur in a loose state of combination, and forming the chemical
basis of epidermal tissues, such as horn, hair, feathers, and the
like. It is an insoluble substance, and, unlike elastin, is not
dissolved even by gastric or pancreatic juice. By decomposition with
sulphuric acid it yields leucin and tyrosin, as does albumin. Called
also epidermose.

KERATITIS
Ker`a*ti"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the cornea.

KERATODE
Ker"a*tode, n.

Defn: See Keratose.

KERATOGENOUS
Ker`a*tog"e*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. -genous.]

Defn: Producing horn; as, the keratogenous membrane within the horny
hoof of the horse.

KERATOIDEA
Ker`a*toi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Keratosa.

KERATOME
Ker"a*tome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for dividing the cornea in operations for
cataract.

KERATONYXIS
Ker`a*to*nyx"is, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The operation of removing a cataract by thrusting a needle
through the cornea of the eye, and breaking up the opaque mass.

KERATOPHYTE
Ker"a*to*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gorgonian coral having a horny axis.

KERATOSA
Ker`a*to"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of sponges having a skeleton composed of hornlike
fibers. It includes the commercial sponges.

KERATOSE
Ker"a*tose`, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A tough, horny animal substance entering into the composition
of the skeleton of sponges, and other invertebrates; -- called also
keratode.

KERATOSE
Ker"a*tose`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Containing hornlike fibers or fibers of keratose; belonging to
the Keratosa.

KERAUNOGRAPH
Ke*rau"no*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. graph.]

Defn: A figure or picture impressed by lightning upon the human body
or elsewhere.
 -- Ker`au-nog"ra-phy, n.

KERB
Kerb, n.

Defn: See Curb.

KERBSTONE
Kerb"stone`, n.

Defn: See Curbstone.

KERCHER
Ker"cher, n.

Defn: A kerchief. [Obs.]
He became . . . white as a kercher. Sir T. North.

KERCHERED
Ker"chered, a.

Defn: Covered, or bound round, with a kercher. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

KERCHIEF
Ker"chief, n.; pl. Kerchiefs. Etym: [OE. coverchef, OF. cuevrechief,
couvrechef, F. couvrechef, a head covering, fr. couvrir to cover +
OF. chief head, F. chef. See Cover, Chief, and cf. Curfew.]

1. A square of fine linen worn by women as a covering for the head;
hence, anything similar in form or material, worn for ornament on
other parts of the person; -- mostly used in compounds; as,
neckerchief; breastkerchief; and later, handkerchief.
He might put on a hat, a muffler, and a kerchief, and so escape.
Shak.
Her black hair strained away To a scarlet kerchief caught beneath her
chin. Mrs. Browning.

2. A lady who wears a kerchief. Dryden.

KERCHIEFED; KERCHIEFT
Ker"chiefed, Ker"chieft, a.

Defn: Dressed; hooded; covered; wearing a kerchief. Milton.

KERF
Kerf, n. Etym: [AS. cyrf a cutting off, fr. ceorfan to cut, carve.
See Carve.]

Defn: A notch, channel, or slit made in any material by cutting or
sawing.

KERITE
Ke"rite, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A compound in which tar or asphaltum combined with animal or
vegetable oils is vulcanized by sulphur, the product closely
resembling rubber; -- used principally as an insulating material in
telegraphy. Knight.

KERL
Kerl, n.

Defn: See Carl.

KERMES
Ker"mes, n. Etym: [Ar. & Per. girmiz. See Crimson, and cf. Alkermes.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dried bodies of the females of a scale insect (Coccus
ilicis), allied to the cochineal insect, and found on several species
of oak near the Mediterranean. They are round, about the size of a
pea, contain coloring matter analogous to carmine, and are used in
dyeing. They were anciently thought to be of a vegetable nature, and
were used in medicine. [Written also chermes.]

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A small European evergreen oak (Quercus coccifera) on which the
kermes insect (Coccus ilicis) feeds. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).
Kermes mineral. (a) (Old Chem.) An artificial amorphous trisulphide
of antimony; -- so called on account of its red color. (b) (Med.
Chem.) A compound of the trioxide and trisulphide of antimony, used
in medicine. This substance occurs in nature as the mineral
kermesite.

KERMESSE
Ker"messe, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Kirmess.

KERN
Kern, n. Etym: [Ir.ceatharnach.Cf. Cateran. ]

1. A light-armed foot soldier of the ancient militia of Ireland and
Scotland; -- distinguished from gallowglass, and often used as a term
of contempt. Macaulay.
Now for our Irish wars; We must supplant those rough, rug-headed
kerns. Shak.

2. Any kind of boor or low-lived person. [Obs.] Blount.

3. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: An idler; a vagabond. Wharton.

KERN
Kern, n. (Type Founding)

Defn: A part of the face of a type which projects beyond the body, or
shank.

KERN
Kern, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kerned; p. pr. & vb. n. Kerning. ] (Type
Founding)

Defn: To form with a kern. See 2d Kern.

KERN
Kern, n. Etym: [See Churn. ]

Defn: A churn. [Prov. Eng.]

KERN
Kern, n. Etym: [AS. cweorn, cwyrn. See Quern. ]

Defn: A hand mill. See Quern. Johnson.

KERN
Kern, v. i. Etym: [Cf. G. kern kernel, grain; akin to E. corn. See
Corn, Kernel. ]

1. To harden, as corn in ripening. [Obs.] Carew.

2. To take the form of kernels; to granulate. [Obs.]
It is observed that rain makes the salt kern. Dampier.

KERN BABY
Kern baby.

Defn: A doll or image decorated with corn (grain) flowers, etc.,
carried in the festivals of a kern, or harvest-home. Called also
harvest queen.

KERNED
Kerned, a. (Print.)

Defn: Having part of the face projecting beyond the body or shank; --
said of type. "In Roman, f and j are the only kerned letters."
MacKellar.

KERNEL
Ker"nel, n. Etym: [OE. kernel, kirnel, curnel, AS.cyrnel, fr. corn
grain. See Corn, and cf. Kern to harden.]

1. The essential part of a seed; all that is within the seed walls;
the edible substance contained in the shell of a nut; hence, anything
included in a shell, husk, or integument; as, the kernel of a nut.
See Illust. of Endocarp.
' A were as good crack a fusty nut with no kernel Shak.

2. A single seed or grain; as, a kernel of corn.

3. A small mass around which other matter is concreted; a nucleus; a
concretion or hard lump in the flesh.

4. The central, substantial or essential part of anything; the gist;
the core; as, the kernel of an argument.

KERNEL
Ker"nel, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kerneled or Kernelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Kerneling or Kernelling.]

Defn: To harden or ripen into kernels; to produce kernels.

KERNELED; KERNELLED
Ker"neled, Ker"nelled, a.

Defn: Having a kernel.

KERNELLY
Ker"nel*ly, a.

Defn: Full of kernels; resembling kernels; of the nature of kernels.
Holland.

KERNISH
Kern"ish, a. Etym: [From Kern a boor.]

Defn: Clownish; booorish. [Obs.] "A petty kernish prince." Milton.

KEROLITE
Ker"o*lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Cerolite.

KEROSENE
Ker"o*sene`, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An oil used for illuminating purposes, formerly obtained from
the distillation of mineral wax, bituminous shale, etc., and hence
called also coal oil. It is now produced in immense quantities,
chiefly by the distillation and purification of petroleum. It
consists chiefly of several hydrocarbons of the methane series.

KERS; KERSE
Kers, Kerse, n.

Defn: A cress. [Obs.] Chaucer. Not worth a kers. See under Cress.

KERSEY
Ker"sey, n.; pl. Kerseys. Etym: [Prob. from the town of Kersey in
Suffolk, Eng.]

Defn: A kind of coarse, woolen cloth, usually ribbed, woven from wool
of long staple.

KERSEYMERE
Ker"sey*mere, n. Etym: [For cassimere, confounded with kersey.]

Defn: See Cassimere.

KERSEYNETTE
Ker`sey*nette", n.

Defn: See Cassinette.

KERSEYS
Ker"seys, n. pl.

Defn: Varieties of kersey; also, trousers made of kersey.

KERVE
Kerve, v. t.

Defn: To carve. [Obs.] Chaucer.

KERVER
Kerv"er, n.

Defn: A carver. [Obs.] Chaucer.

KESAR
Ke"sar, n.

Defn: See Kaiser [Obs.] Spenser.

KESLOP
Kes"lop, n. Etym: [AS.c, or c, milk curdled; cf. G. käselab,
käselippe. See Cheese, and cf.Cheeselep.]

Defn: The stomach of a calf, prepared for rennet. Halliwell.

KESS
Kess, v. t.

Defn: To kiss. [Obs.] Chaucer

KEST
Kest, imp.

Defn: of Cast. [Obs.]

KESTREL
Kes"trel, n. Etym: [See Castrel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, slender European hawk (Falco alaudarius), allied to
the sparrow hawk. Its color is reddish fawn, streaked and spotted
with white and black. Also called windhover and stannel. The name is
also applied to other allied species.

Note: This word is often used in contempt, as of a mean kind of hawk.
"Kites and kestrels have a resemblance with hawks." Bacon.

KET
Ket, n. Etym: [Icel. kjöt flesh; akin to Sw. kött, Dan. kjöd.]

Defn: Carrion; any filth. [Prob. Eng.] Halliwell.

KETA
Ke"ta, n. [Perh. of Amer. Indian origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) of inferior value, which in
the autumn runs up all the larger rivers between San Francisco and
Kamchatka.

KETCH
Ketch, n. Etym: [Prob. corrupted fr. Turk. qaiq : cf. F. caiche. Cf.
Caïque.] (Naut.)

Defn: An almost obsolete form of vessel, with a mainmast and a
mizzenmast, -- usually from one hundred to two hundred and fifty tons
burden. Bomb ketch. See under Bomb.

KETCH
Ketch, n.

Defn: A hangman. See Jack Ketch.

KETCH
Ketch, v. t. Etym: [See Catch.]

Defn: To catch. [Now obs. in spelling, and colloq. in pronunciation.]
To ketch him at a vantage in his snares. Spenser.

KETCHUP
Ketch"up, n.

Defn: A sauce. See Catchup.

KETINE
Ke"tine, n. Etym: [See Ketone.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of organic bases obtained by the reduction of
certain isonitroso compounds of the ketones. In general they are
unstable oily substances having a pungent aromatic odor.

KETMIE
Ket`mie", n. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of certain African species of Hibiscus, cultivated for
the acid of their mucilage. [Written also ketmia.]

KETOL
Ke"tol, n. Etym: [Ketone + indol.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of series of complex nitrogenous substances,
represented by methyl ketol and related to indol. Methyl ketol, a
weak organic base, obtained as a white crystalline substance having
the odor of fæces.

KETONE
Ke"tone, n. Etym: [Cf. Acetone.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a large class of organic substances resembling the
aldehydes, obtained by the distillation of certain salts of organic
acids and consisting of carbonyl (CO) united with two hydrocarbon
radicals. In general the ketones are colorless volatile liquids
having a pungent ethereal odor.

Note: The ketones are named by adding the suffix-one to the stems of
the organic acids from which they are respectively derived; thus,
acetic acid gives acetone; butyric acid, butyrone, etc.

KETONIC
Ke*ton"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, a ketone; as, a ketonic acid.

KETTLE
Ket"tle, n. Etym: [OE. ketel; cf. AS. cetel, cetil, cytel; akin to D.
kjedel, G. kessel, OHG. chezzil, Icel. ketill, SW. kittel, Dan.
kjedel, Goth. katils; all perh. fr. L. catillus, dim. of catinus a
deep vessel, bowl; but cf. also OHG. chezzi kettle, Icel. kati small
ship.]

Defn: A metallic vessel, with a wide mouth, often without a cover,
used for heating and boiling water or other liguids. Kettle pins,
ninepins; skittles. [Obs.] Shelton.
 -- Kettle stitch (Bookbinding), the stitch made in sewing at the
head and tail of a book. Knight.

KETTLEDRUM
Ket"tle*drum`, n.

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A drum made of thin copper in the form of a hemispherical
kettle, with parchment stretched over the mouth of it.

Note: Kettledrums, in pairs, were formerly used in martial music for
cavalry, but are now chiefly confined to orchestras, where they are
called tympani.

2. An informal social party at which a light collation is offered,
held in the afternoon or early evening. Cf. Drum, n., 4 and 5.

KETTLEDRUMMER
Ket"tle*drum`mer, n.

Defn: One who plays on a kettledrum.

KEUPER
Keu"per, n. Etym: [G.] (Geol.)

Defn: The upper division of the European Triassic. See Chart of
Geology.

KEVEL
Kev"el, n. Etym: [Prov. E. kevil, cavel, rod, pole, a large hammer,
horse's bit; cf. Icel. kefli cylinder, a stick, mangle, and Dan.
kievle a roller.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A strong cleat to which large ropes are belayed.

2. A stone mason's hammer. [Written also cavil.] Kevel head (Naut.),
a projecting end of a timber, used as a kevel.

KEVEL; KEVIN
Kev"el, Kev"in, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gazelle.

KEVER
Kev"er, v. t. &

Defn: i. To cover. [Obs.] Chaucer.

KEVERCHIEF
Kev"er*chief, n.

Defn: A kerchief. [Obs.] Chaucer.

KEX
Kex, n. Etym: [W. cecys, pl., hollow stalks.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A weed; a kecksy. Bp. Gauden.
Though the rough kex break The starred mosaic. Tennyson.

2. A dry husk or covering.
When the kex, or husk, is broken, he proveth a fair flying butterfly.
Holland.

KEY
Key, n. Etym: [OE. keye, key, kay, AS. c

1. An instrument by means of which the bolt of a lock is shot or
drawn; usually, a removable metal instrument fitted to the mechanism
of a particular lock and operated by turning in its place.

2. An instrument which is turned like a key in fastening or adjusting
any mechanism; as, a watch key; a bed key, etc.

3. That part of an instrument or machine which serves as the means of
operating it; as, a telegraph key; the keys of a pianoforte, or of a
typewriter.

4. A position or condition which affords entrance, control, pr
possession, etc.; as, the key of a line of defense; the key of a
country; the key of a political situation. Hence, that which serves
to unlock, open, discover, or solve something unknown or difficult;
as, the key to a riddle; the key to a problem.
Those who are accustomed to reason have got the true key of books.
Locke.
Who keeps the keys of all the creeds. Tennyson.

5. That part of a mechanism which serves to lock up, make fast, or
adjust to position.

6. (Arch.)
(a) A piece of wood used as a wedge.
(b) The last board of a floor when laid down.

7. (Masonry)
(a) A keystone.
(b) That part of the plastering which is forced through between the
laths and holds the rest in place.

8. (Mach.)
(a) A wedge to unite two or more pieces, or adjust their relative
position; a cotter; a forelock. See Illusts. of Cotter, and Gib.
(b) A bar, pin or wedge, to secure a crank, pulley, coupling, etc.,
upon a shaft, and prevent relative turning; sometimes holding by
friction alone, but more frequently by its resistance to shearing,
being usually embedded partly in the shaft and partly in the crank,
pulley, etc.

9. (Bot.)

Defn: An indehiscent, one-seeded fruit furnished with a wing, as the
fruit of the ash and maple; a samara; -- called also key fruit.

10. (Mus.)
(a) A family of tones whose regular members are called diatonic
tones, and named key tone (or tonic) or one (or eight), mediant or
three, dominant or five, subdominant or four, submediant or six,
supertonic or two, and subtonic or seven. Chromatic tones are
temporary members of a key, under such names as " sharp four," "flat
seven," etc. Scales and tunes of every variety are made from the
tones of a key.
(b) The fundamental tone of a movement to which its modulations are
referred, and with which it generally begins and ends; keynote.
Both warbling of one song, both in one key. Shak.

11. Fig: The general pitch or tone of a sentence or utterance.
You fall at once into a lower key. Cowper.
Key bed. Same as Key seat.
 -- Key bolt, a bolt which has a mortise near the end, and is secured
by a cotter or wedge instead of a nut. Key bugle. See Kent bugle.
 -- Key of a position or country. (Mil.) See Key, 4.
 -- Key seat (Mach.), a bed or groove to receive a key which prevents
one part from turning on the other.
 -- Key way, a channel for a key, in the hole of a piece which is
keyed to a shaft; an internal key seat; -- called also key seat.
 -- Key wrench (Mach.), an adjustable wrench in which the movable jaw
is made fast by a key.
 -- Power of the keys (Eccl.), the authority claimed by the ministry
in some Christian churches to administer the discipline of the
church, and to grant or withhold its privileges; -- so called from
the declaration of Christ, "I will give unto thee the keys of the
kingdom of heaven." Matt. xvi. 19.

KEY
Key, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Keved; p. pr. & vb. n. Keying.]

Defn: To fasten or secure firmly; to fasten or tighten with keys or
wedges. Francis. To key up. (a) (Arch.) To raise (the whole ring of
an arch) off its centering, by driving in the keystone forcibly. (b)
(Mus.) To raise the pitch of. (c) Hence, fig., to produce nervous
tension in.

KEYAGE
Key"age, n. Etym: [OF.caiage, F. guayage. See lst Key, Quay.]

Defn: Wharfage; quayage.

KEYBOARD
Key"board`, n.

Defn: The whole arrangement, or one range, of the keys of an organ,
typewriter, etc.

KEY-COLD
Key"-cold`, a.

Defn: Cold as a metallic key; lifeless. [Formerly, a proverbial
expression.] Shak. Milton.

KEYED
Keyed (ked), a.

Defn: Furnished with keys; as, a keyed instrument; also, set to a
key, as a tune. Keyed bugle. See Kent bugle.

KEY FRUIT
Key fruit. (Bot.)

Defn: A samara.

KEYHOLE
Key"hole`, n.

1. A hole or apertupe in a door or lock, for receiving a key.

2.
(a) (Carp.) A hole or excavation in beams intended to be joined
together, to receive the key which fastens them.
(b) (Mach.) a mortise for a key or cotter. Keyhole limpet (Zoöl.), a
marine gastropod of the genus Fissurella and allied genera. See
Fissurella.
 -- Keyhole saw, a narrow, slender saw, used in cutting keyholes,
etc., as in doors; a kind of compass saw or fret saw.
 -- Keyhole urchin (Zoöl.), any one of numerous clypeastroid sea
urchins, of the genera Melitta, Rotula, and Encope; -- so called
because they have one or more perforations resembling keyholes.

KEYNOTE
Key"note`, n.

1. (Mus.)

Defn: The tonic or first tone of the scale in which a piece or
passage is written; the fundamental tone of the chord, to which all
the modulations of the piece are referred; -- called also key tone.

2. The fundamental fact or idea; that which gives the key; as, the
keynote of a policy or a sermon.

KEYSEAT
Key"seat`, v. t.

Defn: To form a key seat, as by cutting. See Key seat, under Key.

KEYSTONE
Key"stone`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The central or topmost stone of an arch. This in some styles is
made different in size from the other voussoirs, or projects, or is
decorated with carving. See Illust. of Arch. Keystone State, the
State of Pennsylvania; -- so called from its having been the central
State of the Union at the formation of the Constitution.

KEYSTONE STATE
Key"stone` State.

Defn: Pennsylvania; -- a nickname alluding to its having been the
central one of the 13 original United States.

KEY TONE
Key" tone`. (Mus.)

Defn: See Keynote.

KEYWAY
Key"way`, n.

Defn: See Key way, under Key.

KHAKI
Kha"ki (kä"ke), a. [Hind. khaki, lit., dusty, dust-colored, fr. Per.
khak dust.]

Defn: Of a dull brownish yellow, or drab color; -- applied to cloth,
originally to a stout brownish cotton cloth, used in making uniforms
in the Anglo-Indian army. In the United States service the summer
uniform of cotton is officially designated khaki; the winter uniform
of wool, olive drab.

KHAKI
Kha"ki, n.

Defn: Any kind of khaki cloth; hence, a uniform of khaki or, rarely,
a soldier clad in khaki. In the United States and British armies
khaki or cloth of a very similar color is almost exclusively used for
service in the field.

KHALIFF
Kha"liff, n.

Defn: See Caliph.

KHAMSIN
Kham*sin`, n.

Defn: Same as Kamsin.

KHAN
Khan, n. Etym: [Pers. & Tart. khan.] [Also kan, kaun.]

Defn: A king; a prince; a chief; a governor; -- so called among the
Tartars, Turks, and Persians, and in countries now or formerly
governed by them.

KHAN
Khan, n. Etym: [Per. khan, khanah, house, tent, inn.]

Defn: An Eastern inn or caravansary. [Written also kawn.]

KHANATE
Khan*ate (, n.

Defn: Dominion or jurisdiction of a khan.

KHAYA
Kha"ya, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A lofty West African tree (Khaya Senegalensis), related to the
mahogany, which it resembles in the quality of the wood. The bark is
used as a febrifuge.

KHEDIVE
Khe`dive", n. Etym: [F. khédive, Pers. khediw a prince.]

Defn: A governor or viceroy; -- a title granted in 1867 by the sultan
of Turkey to the ruler of Egypt.

KHENNA
Khen"na, n.

Defn: See Henna.

KHOLAH
Kho"lah, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Indian jackal.

KHOLSUN
Khol"sun (, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dhole.

KHOND
Khond, n.

Defn: A Dravidian of a group of tribes of Orissa, India, a section of
whom were formerly noted for their cruel human sacrifices to the
earth goddess, murder of female infants, and marriage by capture.

KHUTBAH
Khut"bah, n. Etym: [Ar.]

Defn: An address or public prayer read from the steps of the pulpit
in Mohammedan mosques, offering glory to God, praising Mohammed and
his descendants, and the ruling princes.

KIABOOCA WOOD
Ki`a*boo"ca wood`

Defn: . See Kyaboca wood.

KIANG
Ki*ang", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dziggetai.

KIBBLE
Kib"ble, v. t.

Defn: To bruise; to grind coarsely; as, kibbled oats. [Prov.Eng.]
Halliwell.

KIBBLE
Kib"ble, n.

Defn: A large iron bucket used in Cornwall and Wales for raising ore
out of mines. [Prov. Eng.] [Written also kibbal.]

KIBBLINGS
Kib"blings, n. pl.

Defn: Portions of small fish used for bait on the banks of
Newfoundland.

KIBE
Kibe, n. Etym: [W. cib + gwst pain, sickness.]

Defn: A chap or crack in the flesh occasioned by cold; an ulcerated
chilblain. "He galls his kibe." Shak.

KIBED
Kibed, a.

Defn: Chapped; cracked with cold; affected with chilblains; as kibed
heels. Beau. & Fl.

KIBITKA
Ki*bit"ka, n.; pl. Kibitkas (. Etym: [Russ.]

1. A tent used by the Kirghiz Tartars.

2. A rude kind of Russian vehicle, on wheels or on runners, sometimes
covered with cloth or leather, and often used as a movable
habitation.

KIBLAH
Kib"lah (, n.

Defn: See Keblah.

KIBOSH
Ki"bosh, n.

1. Nonsense; stuff; also, fashion; style. [Slang]

2.  Portland cement when thrown or blown into the recesses of carved
stonework to intensify the shadows.

To put the kibosh on, to do for; to dispose of. [Slang]

KIBY
Kib"y, a.

Defn: Affected with kibes. Skelton.

KICHIL
Kich"il

Defn: ,. [Obs.] See Kechil. Chaucer.

KICK
Kick, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kicred; p. pr. & vb. n. Kicking.] Etym: [W.
cicio, fr. cic foot.]

Defn: To strike, thrust, or hit violently with the foot; as, a horse
kicks a groom; a man kicks a dog.
He [Frederick the Great] kicked the shins of his judges. Macaulay.
To kick the beam, to fit up and strike the beam; -- said of the
lighter arm of a loaded balance; hence, to be found wanting in
weight. Milton.
 -- To kick the bucket, to lose one's life; to die. [Colloq. & Low]

KICK
Kick, v. i.

1. To thrust out the foot or feet with violence; to strike out with
the foot or feet, as in defense or in bad temper; esp., to strike
backward, as a horse does, or to have a habit of doing so. Hence,
figuratively: To show ugly resistance, opposition, or hostility; to
spurn.
I should kick, being kicked. Shak.

2. To recoil; -- said of a musket, cannon, etc.

KICK
Kick, n.

1. A blow with the foot or feet; a striking or thrust with the foot.
A kick, that scarce would more a horse, May kill a sound divine.
Cowper.

2. The projection on the tang of the blade of a pocket knife, which
prevents the edge of the blade from striking the spring. See Illust.
of Pocketknife.

3. (Brickmaking)

Defn: A projection in a mold, to form a depression in the surface of
the brick.

4. The recoil of a musket or other firearm, when discharged.

KICKABLE
Kick"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable or deserving of being kicked. "A kickable boy." G.
Eliot.

KICKAPOOS
Kick`a*poos", n. pl.; sing. Kickapoo (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians which formerly occupied the region of
Northern Illinois, allied in language to the Sacs and Foxes.

KICKER
Kick"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, kicks.

KICKSHAW
Kick"shaw`, n.

Defn: See Kickshaws, the correct singular.

KICKSHAWS
Kick"shaws`, n.; pl. Kickshawses Etym: [Corrupt. fr. F. guelgue chose
something, fr. L. gualis of what kind (akin to E. which) + suffix -
guam + causa cause, in LL., a thing. See Which, and Cause.]

1. Something fantastical; any trifling, trumpery thing; a toy.
Art thou good at these kickshawses! Shak.

2. A fancy dish; a titbit; a delicacy.
Some pigeons, . . . a joint of mutton, and any pretty little tiny
kickshaws. Shak.
Cressy was lost by kickshaws and soup-maigre. Fenton.

KICKSHOE
Kick"shoe`, n.

Defn: A kickshaws. Milton.

KICKSY-WICKSY; KICKY-WISKY
Kick"sy-wick`sy, Kick"y-wisk`y, n.

Defn: That which is restless and uneasy.

Note: Kicky-wicky, or, in some editions, Kicksy-wicksy, is applied
contemptuously to a wife by Shakespeare, in "All's Well that Ends
Well," ii. 3, 297.

KICKSY-WICKSY
Kick"sy-wick`sy, a.

Defn: Fantastic; restless; as, kicksy-wicksy flames. Nares.

KICKUP
Kick"up, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The water thrush or accentor. [Local, West Indies]

KID
Kid, n. Etym: [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. ki, Dan. & Sw. kid; akin
to OHG. kizzi, G. kitz, kitzchen, kitzlein.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young goat.
The . . . leopard shall lie down with the kid. Is. xi. 6
.

2. A young child or infant; hence, a simple person, easily imposed
on. [Slang] Charles Reade.

3. A kind of leather made of the skin of the young goat, or of the
skin of rats, etc.

4. pl.

Defn: Gloves made of kid. [Colloq. & Low]

5. A small wooden mess tub; -- a name given by sailors to one in
which they receive their food. Cooper.

KID
Kid, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kidded; p. pr. & vb. n. Kidding.]

Defn: To bring forth a young goat.

KID
Kid, n. Etym: [Cf. W. cidysen.]

Defn: A fagot; a bundle of heath and furze. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

KID
Kid, p. p.

Defn: of Kythe. [Obs.] Gower. Chaucer.

KID
Kid, v. t.

Defn: See Kiddy, v. t. [Slang]

KIDDE
Kid"de, imp.

Defn: of Kythe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

KIDDERMINSTER
Kid"der*min`ster, n.

Defn: A kind of ingrain carpeting, named from the English town where
formerly most of it was manufactured.

KIDDIER
Kid"di*er, n. Etym: [Cf. OSw. kyta to truck.]

Defn: A huckster; a cadger. [Obs.] Halliwell.

KIDDLE
Kid"dle, n. Etym: [Cf. LL.kidellus, Armor. kiael]

Defn: A kind of basketwork wear in a river, for catching fish.
[Improperly spelled kittle.]

KIDDOW
Kid"dow, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The guillemot. [Written also kiddaw.] [Prov. Eng.]

KIDDY
Kid"dy, v. t.

Defn: To deceive; to outwit; to hoax. [Slang] Dickens.

KIDDY
Kid"dy, n.

Defn: A young fellow; formerly, a low thief. [Slang, Eng.]

KIDDYISH
Kid"dy*ish, a.

Defn: Frolicsome; sportive. [Slang]

KIDFOX; KID-FOX
Kid"fox`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young fox Shak.

KIDLING
Kid"ling, n. Etym: [Kid +-ling: cf. Sw. kidling.]

Defn: A young kid.

KIDNAP
Kid"nap`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kidnaped or Kidnapped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Kidnaping or Kidnapping.] Etym: [Kid a child + Prov. E. nap to seize,
to grasp. Cf. Knab, Knap, Nab.]

Defn: To take (any one) by force or fear, and against one's will,
with intent to carry to another place. Abbott.
You may reason or expostulate with the parents, but never attempt to
kidnap their children, and to make proselytes of them. Whately.

Note: Originally used only of stealing children, but now extended in
application to any human being, involuntarily abducted.

KIDNAPER; KIDNAPPER
Kid"nap`er, or; Kid"nap`per, n.

Defn: One who steals or forcibly carries away a human being; a
manstealer.

KIDNEY
Kid"ney, n.; pl. Kidneys. Etym: [OE. kidnei, kidnere, from Icel. koi
belly, womb (akin to Goth. gipus, AS. cwip womb) + OE. nere kidney;
akin to D. nier, G. niere, OHG. nioro, Icel. n, Dan. nyre, Sw. njure,
and probably to Gr. (Kite belly.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A glandular organ which excretes urea and other waste products
from the animal body; a urinary gland.

Note: In man and in other mammals there are two kidneys, one each
side of vertebral column in the back part of the abdomen, each kidney
being connected with the bladder by a long tube, the ureter, through
which the urine is constantly excreted into the bladder to be
periodically discharged.

2. Habit; disposition; sort; kind. Shak.
There are in later other decrees, made by popes of another kidney.
Barrow.
Millions in the world of this man's kidney. L'Estrange.
Your poets, spendthrifts, and other fools of that kidney, pretend,
forsooth, to crack their jokes on prudence. Burns.

Note: This use of the word perhaps arose from the fact that the
kidneys and the fat about them are an easy test of the condition of
an animal as to fatness. "Think of that, -- a man of my kidney; -- .
. . as subject to heat as butter." Shak.

3. A waiter. [Old Cant] Tatler. Floating kidney. See Wandering
kidney, under Wandering.
 -- Kidney bean (Bot.), a sort of bean; -- so named from its shape.
It is of the genus Phaseolus (P. vulgaris). See under Bean.
 -- Kidney ore (Min.), a variety of hematite or iron sesquioxide,
occurring in compact kidney-shaped masses.
 -- Kidney stone. (Min.) See Nephrite, and Jade.
 -- Kidney vetch (Bot.), a leguminous herb of Europe and Asia
(Anthyllis vulneraria), with cloverlike heads of red or yellow
flowers, once used as a remedy for renal disorders, and also to stop
the flow of blood from wounds; lady's-fingers.

KIDNEY-FORM; KIDNEY-SHAPED
Kid"ney-form`, Kid"ney-shaped`, a.

Defn: Having the form or shape of a kidney; reniform; as, a kidney-
shaped leaf. Gray.

KIDNEYWORT
Kid"ney*wort`, n. (Bot.)
(a) A kind of saxifrage (Saxifrage stellaris).
(b) The navelwort.

KIE
Kie, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. Kee.]

Defn: Kine; cows. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

KIEFEKIL
Kie"fe*kil, n. Etym: [Per. keff foam, scum + gil clay, mud.] (Min.)

Defn: A species of clay; meerschaum. [Also written keffekil.]

KIER
Kier, n. Etym: [Icel. ker a tub.] (Bleaching)

Defn: A large tub or vat in which goods are subjected to the action
of hot lye or bleaching liquor; -- also called keeve.

KIESELGUHR
Kie"sel*guhr`, n. Etym: [G., fr. kiesel flint + guhr an earthy
deposit or sediment in water.]

Defn: Siliceous earth; specifically, porous infusorial earth, used as
an absorbent of nitroglycerin in the manufacture of dynamite.

KIESERITE
Kie"ser*ite. n. Etym: [Named after Prof. Kieser, of Jena.] (Min.)

Defn: Hydrous sulphate of magnesia found at the salt mines of
Stassfurt, Prussian Saxony.

KIEVE
Kieve, n.

Defn: See Keeve, n.

KIKE
Kike, v. i. Etym: [Cf. D. kijken, Sw. kika.]

Defn: To gaze; to stare. [Obs.] Chaucer.

KIKE
Kike, v. t. & i.

Defn: To kick [Obs.] Chaucer.

KILDERKIN
Kil"der*kin, n. Etym: [OD. kindeken, kinneken, a small barrel, orig.,
a little child, fr. kind child; akin to G.kind, and to E. kin.]

Defn: A small barrel; an old liquid measure containing eighteen
English beer gallons, or nearly twenty-two gallons, United States
measure. [Written also kinderkin.]

KILERG
Kil"erg`, n.  [Kilo- + erg.] (Physics)

Defn: A unit of work equal to one thousand ergs.

KILKENNY CATS
Kil*ken"ny cats.

Defn: Two cats fabled, in an Irish story, to have fought till nothing
was left but their tails. It is probably a parable of a local contest
between Kilkenny and Irishtown, which impoverished both towns.

KILL
Kill, n.

Defn: A kiln. [Obs.] Fuller.

KILL
Kill, n. Etym: [D. kil.]

Defn: A channel or arm of the sea; a river; a stream; as, the channel
between Staten Island and Bergen Neck is the Kill van Kull, or the
Kills; -- used also in composition; as, Schuylkill, Catskill, etc.

KILL
Kill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Killed; p. pr. & vb. n. Killing.] Etym:
[OE. killen, kellen, cullen, to kill, strike; perh. the same word as
cwellen, quellen, to kill (cf. Quell), or perh. rather akin to Icel.
kolla to hit in the head, harm, kollr top, summit, head, Sw. kulle,
D. kollen to kill with the ax.]

1. To deprive of life, animal or vegetable, in any manner or by any
means; to render inanimate; to put to death; to slay.
Ah, kill me with thy weapon, not with words ! Shak.

2. To destroy; to ruin; as, to kill one's chances; to kill the sale
of a book. "To kill thine honor." Shak.
Her lively color kill'd with deadly cares. Shak.

3. To cause to cease; to quell; to calm; to still; as, in seamen's
language, a shower of rain kills the wind.
Be comforted, good madam; the great rage, You see, is killed in him.
Shak.

4. To destroy the effect of; to counteract; to neutralize; as, alkali
kills acid. To kill time, to busy one's self with something which
occupies the attention, or makes the time pass without tediousness.

Syn.
 -- To murder; assassinate; slay; butcher; destroy.
 -- To Kill, Murder, Assassinate. To kill does not necessarily mean
any more than to deprive of life. A man may kill another by accident
or in self-defense, without the imputation of guilt. To murder is to
kill with malicious forethought and intention. To assassinate is
tomurder suddenly and by stealth. The sheriff may kill without
murdering; the duelist murders, but does not assassinate his
antagonist; the assassin kills and murders.

KILLDEE; KILLDEER
Kill"dee`, Kill"deer`, n. Etym: [So named from its notes.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small American plover (Ægialitis vocifera).

Note: It is dark grayish brown above; the rump and upper tail coverts
are yellowish rufous; the belly, throat, and a line over the eyes,
white; a ring round the neck and band across the breast, black.

KILLER
Kill"er, n.

1. One who deprives of life; one who, or that which, kills.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A voracious, toothed whale of the genus Orca, of which several
species are known.

Note: The killers have a high dorsal fin, and powerful jaws armed
with large, sharp teeth. They capture, and swallow entire, large
numbers of seals, porpoises, and dolphins, and are celebrated for
their savage, combined attacks upon the right whales, which they are
said to mutilate and kill. The common Atlantic species (Orca
gladiator), is found both on the European and the American coast. Two
species (Orca ater and O. rectipinna) occur on the Pacific coast.

KILLESSE
Kil*lesse", n. Etym: [Cf. Coulisse.] (Arch.)
(a) A gutter, groove, or channel.
(b) A hipped roof. [Prov. Eng.] Parker.

KILLIFISH
Kil"li*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several small American cyprinodont fishes of the
genus Fundulus and allied genera. They live equally well in fresh and
brackish water, or even in the sea. They are usually striped or
barred with black. Called also minnow, and brook fish. See Minnow.

KILLIGREW
Kil"li*grew, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Cornish chough. See under Chough. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

KILLIKINICK
Kil`li*ki*nick", n.

Defn: See Kinnikinic.

KILLING
Kill"ing, a.

Defn: Literally, that kills; having power to kill; fatal; in a
colloquial sense, conquering; captivating; irresistible.
 -- Kill"ing*ly, adv.
Those eyes are made so killing. Pope.
Nothing could be more killingly spoken. Milton.

KILL-JOY
Kill"-joy`, n.

Defn: One who causes gloom or grief; a dispiriting person. W. Black.

KILLOCK
Kil"lock, n. Etym: [Cf. Scot.killick "the flue [fluke] of an anchor."
Jamieson.]

Defn: A small anchor; also, a kind of anchor formed by a stone
inclosed by pieces of wood fastened together. [Written also killick.]

KILLOW
Kil"low, n. Etym: [Prov. E. kollow the smut or grime on the backs of
chimneys.]

Defn: An earth of a blackish or deep blue color. Woodward.

KILN
Kiln, n. Etym: [OE.kilne, kulne, AS. cyln, cylen; akin to Icel.
kylna; prob. from the same source as coal. See Coal.]

1. A large stove or oven; a furnace of brick or stone, or a heated
chamber, for the purpose of hardening, burning, or drying anything;
as, a kiln for baking or hardening earthen vessels; a kiln for drying
grain, meal, lumber, etc.; a kiln for calcining limestone.

2. A furnace for burning bricks; a brickkiln.

KILN-DRY
Kiln"-dry`, v. t.

Defn: To dry in a kiln; as, to kiln-dry meal or grain. Mortimer.

KILNHOLE
Kiln"hole`, n.

Defn: The mouth or opening of an oven or kiln. Shak.

KILO
Ki"lo, n.; pl. Kilos. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An abbreviation of Kilogram.

KILO-
Kil"o-. [F. kilo-. See Kilogram.]

Defn: A combining form used to signify thousand in forming the names
of units of measurement; as, kilogram, kilometer, kilowatt, etc.

KILOGRAM; KILOGRAMME
Kil"o*gram, Kil"o*gramme, n. Etym: [F. kilogramme; pref. kilo- (fr.
Gr. chi`lioi a thousand ) + gramme. See 3d Gram.]

Defn: A measure of weight, being a thousand grams, equal to 2.2046
pounds avoirdupois (15,432.34 grains). It is equal to the weight of a
cubic decimeter of distilled water at the temperature of maximum
density, or 39º Fahrenheit.

KILOGRAMMETER; KILOGRAMMETRE
Kil"o*gram*me`ter, Kil"o*gram*me`tre, n. (Mech.)

Defn: A measure of energy or work done, being the amount expended in
raising one kilogram through the height of one meter, in the latitude
of Paris.

KILOLITER; KILOLITRE
Kil"o*li`ter, Kil"o*li`tre, n. Etym: [F. kilolitre. See Kilogram, and
Liter.]

Defn: A measure of capacity equal to a cubic meter, or a thousand
liters. It is equivalent to 35.315 cubic feet, and to 220.04 imperial
gallons, or 264.18 American gallons of 321 cubic inches.

KILOMETER; KILOMETRE
Kil"o*me`ter, Kil"o*me`tre, n. Etym: [F. kilometre. See Kilogram, and
Meter.]

Defn: A measure of length, being a thousand meters. It is equal to
3,280.8 feet, or 62137 of a mile.

KILOSTERE
Kil"o*stere`, n. Etym: [F.kilostere. See Kilogram, and Stere.]

Defn: A cubic measure containing 1000 cubic meters, and equivalent to
35,315 cubic feet.

KILOVOLT
Kil"o*volt`, n.  [Kilo- + volt.] (Elec.)

Defn: A unit of electromotive force equal to one thousand volts.

KILOWATT
Kil"o*watt, n. Etym: [See Kilogram and Watt.] (Elec.)

Defn: One thousand watts.

KILOWATT HOUR
Kil"o*watt` hour. (Elec.)

Defn: A unit of work or energy equal to that done by one kilowatt
acting for one hour; --approx. = 1.34 horse-power hour.

KILT
Kilt (,

Defn: p. p. from Kill. [Obs.] Spenser.

KILT
Kilt, n. Etym: [OGael. cealt clothes, or rather perh. fr. Dan. kilte
op to truss, tie up, tuck up.]

Defn: A kind of short petticoat, reaching from the waist to the
knees, worn in the Highlands of Scotland by men, and in the Lowlands
by young boys; a filibeg. [Written also kelt.]

KILT
Kilt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kilted; p. pr. & vb. n. Kilting.]

Defn: To tuck up; to truss up, as the clothes. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

KILTED
Kilt"ed, a.

1. Having on a kilt.

2. Plaited after the manner of kilting.

3. Tucked or fastened up; -- said of petticoats, etc.

KILTER
Kil"ter, n.

Defn: See Kelter.

KILTING
Kilt"ing, n. (Dressmaking)

Defn: A perpendicular arrangement of flat, single plaits, each plait
being folded so as to cover half the breadth of the preceding one.

KIMBO
Kim"bo, a. Etym: [Cf. Akimbo.]

Defn: Crooked; arched; bent. [Written also kimbow.] Dryden.

KIMMERIAN
Kim*me"ri*an, a.

Defn: See Cimmerian.

KIMNEL
Kim"nel, n.

Defn: A tub. See Kemelin. [Obs.]
She knew not what a kimnel was Beau. & Fl.

KIMONO
Ki*mo"no, n.; pl. -nos (#). [Jap.]

1. A kind of loose robe or gown tied with a sash, worn as an outer
garment by Japanese men and women.

2.  A similar gown worn as a dressing gown by women of Western
nations.

KIMRY
Kim"ry, n.

Defn: See Cymry.

KIN
kin (. Etym: [Of Low German origin; cf. G. -chen, LG.
 -- ken.]

Defn: A diminutive suffix; as, manikin; lambkin.

KIN
Kin, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A primitive Chinese instrument of the cittern kind, with from
five to twenty-five silken strings. Riemann.

KIN
Kin, n. Etym: [OE. kin, cun, AS. cynn kin, kind, race, people; akin
to cennan to beget, D. kunne sex, OS. & OHG. kunni kin, race, Icel.
kyn, Goth. kuni, G. & D. kind a child, L. genus kind, race, L.
gignere to beget, Gr. jan to beget. Kind, King, Gender kind, Nation.]

1. Relationship, consanguinity, or affinity; connection by birth or
marriage; kindred; near connection or alliance, as of those having
common descent.

2. Relatives; persons of the same family or race.
The father, mother, and the kinbeside. Dryden.
You are of kin, and so a friend to their persons. Bacon.

KIN
Kin, a.

Defn: Of the same nature or kind; kinder. "Kin to the king." Shak.

-KIN
-kin (-kin). [Of Low German origin; cf. G. -chen, LG. -- ken.]

Defn: A diminutive suffix; as, manikin; lambkin.

KINAESODIC
Kin`æ*sod"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Kinesodic.

KINAESTHESIS
Kin`æs*the"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: The perception attendant upon the movements of the muscles.
Bastian.

KINAESTHETIC; KINESTHETIC
Kin`æs*thet"ic, Kin`es*thet"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or involving, kinæsthesis.

KINATE
Ki"nate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. kinate. ] (Chem.)

Defn: See Quinate. [Obsolescent]

KINCOB
Kin"cob, n.

Defn: India silk brocaded with flowers in silver or gold.
 -- a.

Defn: Of the nature of kincob; brocaded. Thackeray.

KIND
Kind, a. [Compar. Kinder; superl. Kindest.] Etym: [AS. cynde,
gecynde, natural, innate, prop. an old p. p. from the root of E. kin.
See Kin kindred.]

1. Characteristic of the species; belonging to one's nature; natural;
native. [Obs.] Chaucer.
It becometh sweeter than it should be, and loseth the kind taste.
Holland.

2. Having feelings befitting our common nature; congenial;
sympathetic; as, a kind man; a kind heart.
Yet was he kind, or if severe in aught, The love he bore to learning
was his fault. Goldsmith.

3. Showing tenderness or goodness; disposed to do good and confer
happiness; averse to hurting or paining; benevolent; benignant;
gracious.
He is kind unto the unthankful and to evil. Luke vi 35.
O cruel Death, to those you take more kind Than to the wretched
mortals left behind. Waller.
A fellow feeling makes one wondrous kind. Garrick.

4. Proceeding from, or characterized by, goodness, gentleness, or
benevolence; as, a kind act. "Manners so kind, yet stately."
Tennyson.

5. Gentle; tractable; easily governed; as, a horse kind in harness.

Syn.
 -- Benevolent; benign; beneficent; bounteous; gracious; propitious;
generous; forbearing; indulgent; tender; humane; compassionate; good;
lenient; clement; mild; gentle; bland; obliging; friendly; amicable.
See Obliging.

KIND
Kind, n. Etym: [OE. kinde, cunde, AS. cynd. See Kind, a.]

1. Nature; natural instinct or disposition. [Obs.]
He knew by kind and by no other lore. Chaucer.
Some of you, on pure instinct of nature, Are led by kind t'admire
your fellow-creature. Dryden.

2. Race; genus; species; generic class; as, in mankind or humankind.
"Come of so low a kind." Chaucer.
Every kind of beasts, and of birds. James iii.7.
She follows the law of her kind. Wordsworth.
Here to sow the seed of bread, That man and all the kinds be fed.
Emerson.

3. Nature; style; character; sort; fashion; manner; variety;
description; class; as, there are several kinds of eloquence, of
style, and of music; many kinds of government; various kinds of soil,
etc.
How diversely Love doth his pageants play, And snows his power in
variable kinds ! Spenser.
There is one kind of flesh of men, another flesh of beasts, another
of fishes, and another of birds. I Cor. xv. 39.
Diogenes was asked in a kind of scorn: What was the matter that
philosophers haunted rich men, and not rich men philosophers Bacon.
A kind of, something belonging to the class of; something like to; --
said loosely or slightingly. In kind, in the produce or designated
commodity itself, as distinguished from its value in money.
Tax on tillage was often levied in kind upon corn. Arbuthnot.

Syn.
 -- Sort; species; class; genus; nature; style; character; breed;
set.

KIND
Kind, v. t. Etym: [See Kin.]

Defn: To beget. [Obs.] Spenser.

KINDERGARTEN
Kin"der*gar`ten, n. Etym: [G., lit., children's garden; kinder (pl.
of kind child, akin to E. kin kindred) + garten garden.]

Defn: A school for young children, conducted on the theory that
education should be begun by gratifying and cultivating the normal
aptitude for exercise, play, observation, imitation, and
construction; -- a name given by Friedrich Froebel, a German
educator, who introduced this method of training, in rooms opening on
a garden.

KINDERGARTNER
Kin"der*gart`ner, n.

Defn: One who teaches in a kindergarten.

KIND-HEARTED
Kind"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Having kindness of nature; sympathetic; characterized by a
humane disposition; as, a kind-hearted landlord.
To thy self at least kind-hearted prove. Shak.

KIND-HEARTEDNESS
Kind"-heart`ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being kind-hearted; benevolence.

KINDLE
Kin"dle, v. t. & i. Etym: [OE. kindlen, cundlen. See Kind.]

Defn: To bring forth young. [Obs.] Shak.
The poor beast had but lately kindled. Holland.

KINDLE
Kin`dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kindled; p. pr. & vb. n. Kindling.]
Etym: [Icel. kyndill candle, torch; prob. fr. L. candela; cf. also
Icel. kynda to kindle. Cf. Candle.]

1. To set on fire; to cause to burn with flame; to ignite; to cause
to begin burning; to start; to light; as, to kindle a match, or
shavings.
His breath kindleth coals. Job xii. 21.

2. Fig.: To inflame, as the passions; to rouse; to provoke; to excite
to action; to heat; to fire; to animate; to incite; as, to kindle
anger or wrath; to kindle the flame of love, or love into a flame.
So is a contentious man to kindle strife. Prov. xxvi. 21.
Nothing remains but that I kindle the boy thither. Shak.
Kindling her undazzled eyes at the full midday beam. Milton.
Could swell the soul to rage, or kindle soft desire. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Enkindle; light; ignite; inflame; provoke; excite; arouse; stir
up.

KINDLE
Kin"dle, v. i.

1. To take fire; to begin to burn with flame; to start as a flame.
When thou walkest through the fire, thou shalt not be burned; neither
shall the flame kindle upon thee. Is. xliii. 2.

2. Fig.: To begin to be excited; to grow warm or animated; to be
roused or exasperated.
On all occasions where forbearance might be called for, the Briton
kindles, and the Christian gives way. I. Taylor.

KINDLER
Kin"dler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, kindles, stirs up, or sets on
fire."Kindlers of riot." Gay.

KINDLESS
Kind"less, a

Defn: Destitute of kindness; unnatural.[Obs.] "Kindless villain."
Shak.

KINDLINESS
Kind"li*ness, n.

1. Natural inclination; natural course. [Obs.] Milton.

2. The quality or state of being kindly; benignity; benevolence;
gentleness; tenderness; as, kindliness of disposition, of treatment,
or of words.
In kind a father, but not in kindliness. Sackville.

3. Softness; mildness; propitiousness; as, kindliness of weather, or
of a season.
Fruits and corn are much advanced by temper of the air and kindliness
of seasons. Whitlock.

KINDLING
Kind"ling, n.

1. The of causing to burn, or of exciting or inflaming the passions.

2. pl.

Defn: Materials, easily lighted, for starting a fire.

KINDLY
Kind"ly, a. [Compar. Kindlier; superl. Kindliest.] Etym: [AS.
cyndelic. See Kind, n. ]

1. According to the kind or nature; natural. [R.]
The kindly fruits of the earth. Book of Com. Prayer.
An herd of bulls whom kindly rage doth sting. Spenser.
Whatsoever as the Son of God he may do, it is kindly for Him as the
Son of Man to save the sons of men. L. Andrews.

2. Humane; congenial; sympathetic; hence, disposed to do good to;
benevolent; gracious; kind; helpful; as, kindly affections, words,
acts, etc.
The shade by which my life was crossed, . . . Has made me kindly with
my kind. Tennyson.

3. Favorable; mild; gentle; auspicious; beneficent.
In soft silence shed the kindly shower. Pope.
Should e'er a kindlier time ensue. Wordsworth.

Note: "Nothing ethical was connoted in kindly once: it was simply the
adjective of kind. But it is God's ordinance that kind should be
kindly, in our modern sense of the word as well; and thus the word
has attained this meaning." Trench.

KINDLY
Kind"ly, adv.

1. Naturally; fitly. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Examine how kindly the Hebrew manners of speech mix and incorporate
with the English language Addison.

2. In a kind manner; congenially; with good will; with a disposition
to make others happy, or to oblige.
Be kindly affectioned one to another, with brotherly love. Rom. xii.
10.

KINDNESS
Kind"ness, n. Etym: [From Kind. a.]

1. The state or quality of being kind, in any of its various senses;
manifestation of kind feeling or disposition beneficence.
I do fear thy nature; It is too full o' the milk of human kindness To
catch the nearest way. Shak.
Unremembered acts Of kindness and of love. Wordsworth.

2. A kind act; an act of good will; as, to do a great kindness.

Syn.
 -- Good will; benignity; grace; tenderness; compassion; humanity;
clemency; mildness; gentleness; goodness; generosity; beneficence;
favor.

KINDRED
Kin"dred, n. Etym: [OE. kinrede, kynrede, kunreden (with excrescent
d), fr. AS. cunn kin, race + the termination to advise, G. rathen.
Cf. Hatred.]

1. Relationship by birth or marriage; consanguinity; affinity; kin.
Like her, of equal kindred to the throne. Dryden.

2. Relatives by blood or marriage, more properly the former;
relations; persons related to each other.
I think there's no man is secure But the queen's kindred. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Kin; kinsfolk; relatives; kinsmen; relations; relationship;
affinity.

KINDRED
Kin"dred, a.

Defn: Related; congenial; of the like nature or properties; as,
kindred souls; kindred skies; kindred propositions.
True to the kindred points of heaven and home. Wordsworth.

KINE
Kine, n. pl. Etym: [For older kyen, formed like oxen, fr. AS. c,
itself pl. of c cow. See Cow, and cf. Kee, Kie.]

Defn: Cows. "A herd of fifty or sixty kine." Milton.

KINEMATIC; KINEMATICAL
Kin`e*mat"ic, Kin`e*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to kinematics. Kinematic curves, curves
produced by machinery, or a combination of motions, as distinguished
from mathematical curves.

KINEMATICS
Kin`e*mat"ics, n. Etym: [Gr. ( (Physics)

Defn: The science which treats of motions considered in themselves,
or apart from their causes; the comparison and relation of motions.

Note: Kinematics forms properly an introduction to mechanics, as
involving the mathematical principles which are to be applied to its
data of forces. Nichol.

KINEPOX
Kine"pox`, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Cowpox. Kin"e*scope (, n.

Defn: See Kinetoscope.

KINESIATRICS
Kin`e*si*at"rics, n. Etym: [Gr. ( (Med.)

Defn: A mode of treating disease by appropriate muscular movements; -
- also termed kinesitherapy, kinesipathy, lingism, and the movement
cure.

KINESIPATHY
Kin`e*sip"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: See Kinesiatrics.

KINESIPATHY
Kin`e*sip"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: See Kinesiatrics.

KINESITHERAPY
Kin`e*si*ther"a*py, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: See Kinesiatrics.

KINESODIC
Kin`e*sod"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. kinésodigue.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Conveying motion; as; kinesodic substance; -- applied esp. to
the spinal cord, because it is capable of conveying doth voluntary
and reflex motor impulses, without itself being affected by motor
impulses applied to it directly.

KINETIC
Ki*net"ic, q. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)

Defn: Moving or causing motion; motory; active, as opposed to latent.
Kinetic energy. See Energy, n. 4.

KINETICS
Ki*net"ics, n. (Physics)

Defn: See Dynamics.

KINETOGENESIS
Ki*ne`to*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: An instrument for producing curves by the combination of
circular movements; -- called also kinescope.

KINETOGRAPH
Ki*ne"to*graph, n. [Gr.  movable + -graph.] (Physics)
 (a) A camera for making chronophotographs.
 (b) A machine for the projection of chronophotographs upon a screen
for the purpose of producing the effect of an animated picture.
 (c) A combined animated-picture machine and phonograph in which
sounds appropriate to the scene are automatically uttered by the
latter instrument.

KINETOPHONE
Ki*ne"to*phone, n. [See Kinetic, Phone.]

Defn: A machine combining a kinetoscope and a phonograph synchronized
so as to reproduce a scene and its accompanying sounds.

KINETOSCOPE
Ki*ne"to*scope, n.

Defn: A machine, for the production of animated pictures, in which a
film carrying successive instantaneous views of a moving scene
travels uniformly through the field of a magnifying glass. The
observer sees each picture, momentarily, through a slit in a
revolving disk, and these glimpses, blended by persistence of vision,
give the impression of continuous motion.

KING
King (, n.

Defn: A Chinese musical instrument, consisting of resonant stones or
metal plates, arranged according to their tones in a frame of wood,
and struck with a hammer.

KING
King, n.Etym: [AS. cyng, cyning; akin to OS. kining, D. koning, OHG.
kining, G. könig, Icel. konungr, Sw. koning, OHG. kuning, Dan. konge;
formed with a patronymic ending, and fr. the root of E. kin; cf.
Icel. konr a man of noble birth. Kin.]

1. A chief ruler; a sovereign; one invested with supreme authority
over a nation, country, or tribe, usually by hereditary succession; a
monarch; a prince. "Ay, every inch a king." Shak.
Kings will be tyrants from policy, when subjects are rebels from
principle. Burke.
There was a State without king or nobles. R. Choate.
But yonder comes the powerful King of Day, Rejoicing in the east
Thomson.

2. One who, or that which, holds a supreme position or rank; a chief
among competitors; as, a railroad king; a money king; the king of the
lobby; the king of beasts.

3. A playing card having the picture of a king; as, the king of
diamonds.

4. The chief piece in the game of chess.

5. A crowned man in the game of draughts.

6. pl.

Defn: The title of two historical books in the Old Testament.

Note: King is often used adjectively, or in combination, to denote
preëminence or superiority in some particular; as, kingbird; king
crow; king vulture. Apostolic king.See Apostolic.
 -- King-at-arms, or King-of-arms, the chief heraldic officer of a
country. In England the king-at-arms was formerly of great authority.
His business is to direct the heralds, preside at their chapters, and
have the jurisdiction of armory. There are three principal kings-at-
arms, viz., Garter, Clarencieux, and Norroy. The latter (literally
north roy or north king) officiates north of the Trent.
 -- King auk (Zoöl.), the little auk or sea dove.
 -- King bird of paradise. (Zoöl.), See Bird of paradise.
 -- King card, in whist, the best unplayed card of each suit; thus,
if the ace and king of a suit have been played, the queen is the king
card of the suit.
 -- King Cole , a legendary king of Britain, who is said to have
reigned in the third century.
 -- King conch (Zoöl.), a large and handsome univalve shell (Cassis
cameo), found in the West Indies. It is used for making cameos. See
Helmet shell, under Helmet.
 -- King Cotton, a popular personification of the great staple
production of the southern United States.
 -- King crab. (Zoöl.) (a) The limulus or horseshoe crab. See
Limulus. (b) The large European spider crab or thornback (Maia
sguinado).
 -- King crow. (Zoöl.) (a) A black drongo shrike (Buchanga atra) of
India; -- so called because, while breeding, they attack and drive
away hawks, crows, and other large birds. (b) The Dicrurus
macrocercus of India, a crested bird with a long, forked tail. Its
color is black, with green and blue reflections. Called also devil
bird.
 -- King duck (Zoöl.), a large and handsome eider duck (Somateria
spectabilis), inhabiting the arctic regions of both continents.
 -- King eagle (Zoöl.), an eagle (Aquila heliaca) found in Asia and
Southeastern Europe. It is about as large as the golden eagle. Some
writers believe it to be the imperial eagle of Rome.
 -- King hake (Zoöl.), an American hake (Phycis regius), fond in deep
water along the Atlantic coast.
 -- King monkey (Zoöl.), an African monkey(Colobus polycomus),
inhabiting Sierra Leone.
 -- King mullet (Zoöl.), a West Indian red mullet (Upeneus
maculatus); -- so called on account of its great beauty. Called also
goldfish.
 -- King of terrors, death.
 -- King parrakeet (Zoöl.), a handsome Australian parrakeet
(Platycercys scapulatus), often kept in a cage. Its prevailing color
is bright red, with the back and wings bright green, the rump blue,
and tail black.
 -- King penguin (Zoöl.), any large species of penguin of the genus
Aptenodytes; esp., A. longirostris, of the Falkland Islands and
Kerguelen Land, and A. Patagonica , of Patagonia.
 -- King rail (Zoöl.), a small American rail (Rallus elegans), living
in fresh-water marshes. The upper parts are fulvous brown, striped
with black; the breast is deep cinnamon color.
 -- King salmon (Zoöl.), the quinnat. See Quinnat.
 -- King's, or Queen's, counsel (Eng. Law), barristers learned in the
law, who have been called within the bar, and selected to be the
king's or gueen's counsel. They answer in some measure to the
advocates of the revenue (advocati fisci) among the Romans. They can
not be employed against the crown without special license. Wharton's
Law Dict.
 -- King's cushion, a temporary seat made by two persons crossing
their hands. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
 -- The king's English, correct or current language of good speakers;
pure English. Shak.
 -- King's or Queen's, evidence, testimony in favor of the Crown by a
witness who confesses his guilt as an accomplice. See under Evidence.
[Eng.] -- King's evil, scrofula; -- so called because formerly
supposed to be healed by the touch of a king.
 -- King snake (Zoöl.), a large, nearly black, harmless snake
(Ophiobolus getulus) of the Southern United States; -- so called
because it kills and eats other kinds of snakes, including even the
rattlesnake.
 -- King's spear (Bot.), the white asphodel (Asphodelus albus).
 -- King's yellow, a yellow pigment, consisting essentially of
sulphide and oxide of arsenic; -- called also yellow orpiment.
 -- King tody (Zoöl.), a small fly-catching bird (Eurylaimus
serilophus) of tropical America. The head is adorned with a large,
spreading, fan-shaped crest, which is bright red, edged with black.
 -- King vulture (Zoöl.), a large species of vulture (Sarcorhamphus
papa), ranging from Mexico to Paraguay, The general color is white.
The wings and tail are black, and the naked carunculated head and the
neck are briliantly colored with scarlet, yellow, orange, and blue.
So called because it drives away other vultures while feeding.
 -- King wood, a wood from Brazil, called also violet wood,
beautifully streaked in violet tints, used in turning and small
cabinetwork. The tree is probably a species of Dalbergia. See
Jacaranda.

KING
King, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kinged; p. pr. & vb. n. Kinging). ]

Defn: To supply with a king; to make a king of; to raise to royalty.
[R.] Shak.
Those traitorous captains of Israel who kinged themselves by slaying
their masters and reigning in their stead. South.

KINGBIRD
King"bird, n. (Zoöl.)

1. A small American bird (Tyrannus, or T. Carolinensis), noted for
its courage in attacking larger birds, even hawks and eagles,
especially when they approach its nest in the breeding season. It is
a typical tyrant flycatcher, taking various insects upon the wing. It
is dark ash above, and blackish on the bead and tail. The quills and
wing coverts are whitish at the edges. It is white beneath, with a
white terminal band on the tail. The feathers on the head of the
adults show a bright orange basal spot when erected. Called also bee
bird, and bee martin. Several Southern and Western species of
Tyrannus are also called king birds.

2. The king tody. See under King.

KINGBOLT
King"bolt`, n.

Defn: A vertical iron bolt, by which the forward axle and wheels of a
vehicle or the trucks of a railroad car are connected with the other
parts.

KING CHARLES SPANIEL
King Charles span"iel. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of small pet dogs, having, drooping ears, a high,
dome-shaped forehead, pug nose, large, prominent eyes, and long, wavy
hair. The color is usually black and tan.

KINGCRAFT
King"craft, n.

Defn: The craft of kings; the art of governing as a sovereign; royal
policy. Prescott.

KINGCUP
King"cup`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The common buttercup.

KINGDOM
King"dom, n. Etym: [AS. cyningd. See 2d King, and -dom.]

1. The rank, quality, state, or attributes of a king; royal
authority; sovereign power; rule; dominion; monarchy.
Thy kingdom is an everlasting kingdom. Ps. cxiv. 13.
When Jehoram was risen up to the kingdom of his father, he
strengthened himself. 2 Chron. xxi. 4.

2. The territory or country subject to a king or queen; the dominion
of a monarch; the sphere in which one is king or has control.
Unto the kingdom of perpetual night. Shak.
You're welcome, Most learned reverend sir, into our kingdom. Shak.

3. An extensive scientific division distinguished by leading or
ruling characteristics; a principal division; a department; as, the
mineral kingdom. "The animal and vegetable kingdoms." Locke.
Animal kingdom. See under Animal.
 -- Kingdom of God. (a) The universe. (b) That spiritual realm of
which God is the acknowledged sovereign. (c) The authority or
dominion of God.
 -- Mineral kingdom. See under Mineral.
 -- United Kingdom. See under United.
 -- Vegetable kingdom. See under Vegetable.

Syn.
 -- Realm; empire; dominion; monarchy; sovereignty; domain.

KINGDOMED
King"domed, a.

Defn: Having a kingdom or the dignity of a king; like a kingdom. [R.]
"Twixt his mental and his active parts, Kingdom'd Achilles in
commotion rages And batters down himself. Shak.

KINGFISH
King"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) An American marine food fish of the genus Menticirrus, especially
M. saxatilis, or M. nebulosos, of the Atlantic coast; -- called also
whiting, surf whiting, and barb.
(b) The opah.
(c) The common cero; also, the spotted cero. See Cero.
(d) The queenfish.

KINGFISHER
King"fish`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of birds constituting the family
Alcedinidæ. Most of them feed upon fishes which they capture by
diving and seizing then with the beak; others feed only upon
reptiles, insects, etc. About one hundred and fifty species are
known. They are found in nearly all parts of the world, but are
particularly abundant in the East Indies.

Note: The belted king-fisher of the United States (Ceryle alcyon)
feeds upon fishes. It is slate-blue above, with a white belly and
breast, and a broad white ring around the neck. A dark band crosses
the breast. The common European species (Alcedo ispida), which is
much smaller and brighter colored, is also a fisher. See Alcedo. The
wood kingfishers (Halcyones), which inhabit forests, especially in
Africa, feed largely upon insects, but also eat reptiles, snails, and
small Crustacea, as well as fishes. The giant kingfisher of Australia
feeds largely upon lizards and insects. See Laughing jackass, under
Laughing.

KINGHOOD
King"hood, n.

Defn: The state of being a king; the attributes of a king; kingship.
Gower.

KINGLESS
King"less, a.

Defn: Having no king. F. Lieber.

KINGLET
King"let, n.

1. A little king; a weak or insignificant king. Carlyle.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small singing birds of the genus
Regulus and family Sylviidæ.

Note: The golden-crowned kinglet (Regulus satrapa), and the
rubycrowned kinglet (R. calendula), are the most common American
species. The common English kinglet (R. cristatus) is also called
golden-crested wren, moonie, and marigold finch. The kinglets are
often popularly called wrens, both in America and England.

KINGLIHOOD
King"li*hood, n.

Defn: King-liness. Tennyson.

KINGLINESS
King"li*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being kingly.

KINGLING
King"ling, n.

Defn: Same as Kinglet, 1. Churchill.

KINGLY
King"ly, a. [Compar. Kinglier; superl. Kingliest.]

Defn: Belonging to, suitable to, or becoming, a king; characteristic
of, resembling, a king; directed or administered by a king;
monarchical; royal; sovereign; regal; august; noble; grand. "Kingly
magnificence." Sir P. Sidney. "A kingly government." Swift. "The
kingly couch." Shak.
The kingliest kings are crowned with thorn. G. Massey.
Leave kingly backs to cope with kingly cares. Cowper.

Syn.
 -- Regal; royal; monarchical; imperial; august; sovereign; noble;
splendid.
 -- Kingly, Regal. Kingly is Anglo-Saxon, and refers especially to
the character of a king; regal is Latin, and now relates more to his
office. The former is chiefly used of dispositions, feelings, and
purposes which are kinglike; as, kingly sentiments; kingly
condescension; " a kingly heart for enterprises." Sir P. Sidney. The
latter is oftener applied to external state, pomp, etc.; as, regal
state, regal title, etc. This distinction is not observed by our
early writers, but is gaining ground.

KINGLY
King"ly, adv.

Defn: In a kingly or kinglike manner. Shak.
Low bowed the rest; he, kingly, did but nod. Pore.

Note: Although this citation, one from Paradise Lost, and one from
Shakespeare's ll4th Sonnet are given by lexicographers as examples of
adverbial use, it is by no means clear that the word is not an
adjective in each instance.

KING-POST
King"-post`, n. (Carp.)

Defn: A member of a common form of truss, as a roof truss. It is
strictly a tie, intended to prevent the sagging of the tiebeam in the
middle. If there are struts, supporting the main rafters, they often
bear upon the foot of the king-post. Called also crown-post.

KING'S BENCH
King's Bench. (Law)

Defn: Formerly, the highest court of common law in England; -- so
called because the king used to sit there in person. It consisted of
a chief justice and four puisne, or junior, justices. During the
reign of a queen it was called the Queen's Bench. Its jurisdiction
was transferred by the judicature acts of 1873 and 1875 to the high
court of justice created by that legislation.

KINGSHIP
King"ship, n.

Defn: The state, office, or dignity of a king; royalty. Landor.

KINGSTON; KINGSTONE
King"ston, King"stone`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The black angel fish. See Angel fish, under Angel.

KINGSTON METAL
King"ston met"al

Defn: . An alloy of tin, copper, and mercury, sometimes used for the
bearings and packings of machinery. McElrath.

KINGSTON VALVE
King"ston valve. (Marine Steam Engin.)

Defn: A conical valve, opening outward, to close the mouth of a pipe
which passes through the side of a vessel below the water line.

KINGTRUSS
King"truss`. (Carp.)

Defn: A truss, framed with a king-post; -- used in roofs, bridges,
etc.

KINIC
Ki"nic, a. Etym: [Cf. F.kinique.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Quinic.

KINIT
Kin"it, n. [Gr.  to move.] (Physics)

Defn: A unit of force equal to the force which, acting for one
second, will give a pound a velocity of one foot per second; --
proposed by J.D.Everett, an English physicist.

KINK
Kink, n. Etym: [D. kink a bend or turn, or Sw. kink.]

1. A twist or loop in a rope or thread, caused by a spontaneous
doubling or winding upon itself; a close loop or curl; a doubling in
a cord.

2. An unreasonable notion; a crotchet; a whim; a caprice. [Colloq.]
Cozzens.

KINK
Kink, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kinked; p. pr. & vb. n. Kinking.]

Defn: To wind into a kink; to knot or twist spontaneously upon
itself, as a rope or thread.

KINK
Kink, n. Etym: [Cf. Chincough, Kink-haust.]

Defn: A fit of coughing; also, a convulsive fit of laughter. [Scot.]

KINKAJOU
Kin"ka*jou`, n. Etym: [F. kinkajou, quincajou, from the native
American name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A nocturnal carnivorous mammal (Cercoleptes caudivolvulus) of
South America, about as large as a full-grown cat. It has a
prehensile tail and lives in trees. It is the only representative of
a distinct family (Cercoleptidæ) allied to the raccoons. Called also
potto, and honey bear.

KINKHAUST
Kink"haust`, n. Etym: [Prov. E. kink to gasp (cf. Chin cough) + haust
a cough (akin to E. wheeze).]

Defn: Whooping cough. [Obs.or Prov. Eng.]

KINKLE
Kin"kle, n.

Defn: Same as 3d Kink.

KINKY
Kink"y, a.

1. Full of kinks; liable to kink or curl; as, kinky hair.

2. Queer; eccentric; crotchety. [Colloq. U.S.]

KINNIKINIC
Kin`ni*ki*nic", n. Etym: [Indian, literally, a mixture.]

Defn: Prepared leaves or bark of certain plants; -- used by the
Indians of the Northwest for smoking, either mixed with tobacco or as
a substitute for it. Also, a plant so used, as the osier cornel
(Cornus stolonijra), and the bearberry (Arctostaphylus Uva-ursi).
[Spelled also kinnickinnick and killikinick.]

KINO
Ki"no, n.

Defn: The dark red dried juice of certain plants, used variously in
tanning, in dyeing, and as an astringent in medicine.

Note: The chief supply is from an East Indian leguminous tree, the
Pterocarpus Marsupium. Other sources are the African Pterocarpus
erinaceus, the tropical American sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera), and
several Australian Eucalypti. See Botany bay kino, under Botany bay,
Gum butea, under Gum, and Eucalyptus.

KINOLOGY
Ki*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: That branch of physics which treats of the laws of motion, or
of moving bodies.

KINONE
Ki"none, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Quinone.

KINOYL
Ki"noyl, n. (Chem.) [Obs.]

Defn: See Quinoyl.

KINREDE
Kin"rede, n.

Defn: Kindred. [Obs.] Chaucer.

KINSFOLK
Kins"folk`, n.

Defn: Relatives; kindred; kin; persons of the same family or closely
or closely related families.
They sought him among their kinsfolk and acquaintance. Luke ii. 44.

KINSHIP
Kin"ship, n.

Defn: Family relationship.

KINSMAN
Kins"man, n.; pl. Kinsmen (.

Defn: A man of the same race or family; one related by blood.

KINSMANSHIP
Kins"man*ship, n.

Defn: Kinship. Thackeray.

KINSWOMAN
Kins"wom`an, n.; pl. Kinswomen (.

Defn: A female relative. Shak.

KINTLIDGE
Kint"lidge, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Kentledge.

KIOSK
Ki*osk", n. Etym: [Turk. kiushk, kiöshk, Per. k.]

Defn: A Turkish open summer house or pavilion, supported by pillars.

KIOWAYS
Ki"o*ways`, n. pl.; sing. Kioway (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians distantly related to the Shoshones. They
formerly inhabited the region about the head waters of the North
Platte.

KIP
Kip, n.

Defn: The hide of a young or small beef creature, or leather made
from it; kipskin. Kip leather. See Kipskin.

KIPE
Kipe, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. kipen to catch, Icel. kippa to pull, snatch.
Cf. Kipper.]

Defn: An osier basket used for catching fish. [Prov. Eng.]

KIPPER
Kip"per, n. Etym: [D. kippen to hatch, snatch, seize. Cf. Kipe.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A salmon after spawning.

2. A salmon split open, salted, and dried or smoked; -- so called
because salmon after spawning were usually so cured, not being good
when fresh. [Scot.] Kipper time, the season in which fishing for
salmon is forbidden. [Eng. & Scot.]

KIPPER
Kip"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kippered; p. pr. & vb. n. Kippering.]

Defn: To cure, by splitting, salting, and smoking. "Kippered salmon."
Dickens.

KIPPER
Kip"per, a.

Defn: Amorous; also, lively; light-footed; nimble; gay; sprightly.
[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

KIPPERNUT
Kip"per*nut`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to earthnuts of several kinds.

KIPSKIN
Kip"skin`, n. Etym: [Kip + skin.]

Defn: Leather prepared from the skin of young or small cattle,
intermediate in grade between calfskin and cowhide.

KIRK
Kirk, n. Etym: [Scot.; cf. Icel. kirkja, of Greek origin. See
Church.]

Defn: A church or the church, in the various senses of the word;
esp., the Church of Scotland as distinguished from other reformed
churches, or from the Roman Catholic Church. [Scot.] Jamieson.

KIRKED
Kirked, a. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Turned upward; bent. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

KIRKMAN
Kirk"man, n.; pl. Kirkmen (.

1. A clergyman or officer in a kirk. [Scot.]

2. A member of the Church of Scotland, as distinguished from a member
of another communion. [Scot.]

KIRKYARD
Kirk"yard`, n.

Defn: A churchyard. [Scot.]

KIRMESS
Kir"mess, n. Etym: [D. kermis; cf. G. kirmes; prop., church mass. See
Church, and Mass a religious service.]

Defn: In Europe, particularly in Belgium and Holland, and outdoor
festival and fair; in the United States, generally an indoor
entertainment and fair combined.

KIRSCHWASSER
Kirsch"was`ser, n. Etym: [G., fr. kirsche cherry + wasser water.]

Defn: An alcoholic liquor, obtained by distilling the fermented juice
of the small black cherry.

KIRSOME
Kir"some, a. Etym: [Corrupted from chrisom.]

Defn: Christian; christened. [Obs.]
I am a true kirsome woman. Beau. & Fl.

KIRTLE
Kir"tle, n. Etym: [OE. kirtel, curtel, AS. cyrtel; skin to Icel.
kyrtill, Sw. kjortel, Dan. kiortel, kiole.]

Defn: A garment varying in form and use at different times, and worn
doth by men and women.
Wearing her Norman car, and her kirtle of blue. Longfellow.

Note: The term is still retained in the provinces, in the sense of "
an outer petticoat." Halliwell.

KIRTLED
Kir"tled, a.

Defn: Wearing a kirtle. Byron.

KIRUMBO
Ki*rum"bo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of Madagascar (Leptosomus discolor), the only living
type of a family allied to the rollers. It has a pair of loral
plumes. The male is glossy green above, with metallic reflections;
the female is spotted with brown and black.

KISH
Kish, n. Etym: [Cf. G. kies gravel, pyrites.] (Min.)

Defn: A workman's name for the graphite which forms incidentally in
iron smelting.

KISMET
Kis"met, n. Etym: [Per. qismat.]

Defn: Destiny; fate. [Written also kismat.] [Oriental]

KISS
Kiss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kissed;p. pr. & vb. n. Kissing.] Etym: [OE.
kissen, cussen, AS. cyssan, fr. coss a kiss; of uncertain origin;
akin to D. kus, G. kuss, Icel. koss.]

1. To salute with the lips, as a mark of affection, reverence,
submission, forgiveness, etc.
He . . . kissed her lips with such a clamorous smack, That at the
parting all the church echoed. Shak.

2. To touch gently, as if fondly or caressingly.
When the sweet wind did gently kiss the trees. Shak.

KISS
Kiss, v. i.

1. To make or give salutation with the lips in token of love,
respect, etc.; as, kiss and make friends.

2. To meet; to come in contact; to touch fondly.
Like fire and powder, Which as they kiss consume. Shak.
Rose, rose and clematis, Trail and twine and clasp and kiss.
Tennyson.
Kissing comfit, a perfumed sugarplum to sweeten the breath. [Obs or
Prov. End.] Shak.

KISS
Kiss, n. Etym: [OE. kiss, derived under the influence of the verb
from the older form coss, AS. coss. See Kiss, v.]

1. A salutation with the lips, as a token of affection, respect,
etc.; as, a parting kiss; a kiss of reconciliation.
Last with a kiss, she took a long farewell. Dryden.
Dear as remembered kisses after death. Tennyson.

2. A small piece of confectionery.

KISSER
Kiss"er, n.

Defn: One who kisses. Beau. & Fl.

KISSING BUG
Kiss"ing bug`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of blood-sucking, venomous Hemiptera
that sometimes bite the lip or other parts of the human body, causing
painful sores, as the cone-nose (Conorhinus sanguisuga). [U. S.]

KISSINGCRUST
Kiss"ing*crust`, n. (Cookery)

Defn: The portion of the upper crust of a loaf which has touched
another loaf in baking. Lamb.
A massy fragment from the rich kissingcrust that hangs like a fretted
cornice from the upper half of the loaf. W. Howitt.

KISSING STRINGS
Kiss"ing strings`.

Defn: Cap or bonnet strings made long to tie under the chin.

One of her ladyship's kissing strings, once pink and fluttering and
now faded and soiled.
Pall Mall Mag.

KIST
Kist, n. Etym: [See Chest.]

Defn: A chest; hence, a coffin. [Scot. & Prov. End.] Jamieson.
Halliwell.

KIST
Kist, n. Etym: [Ar. gist.]

Defn: A stated payment, especially a payment of rent for land; hence,
the time for such payment. [India]

KISTVAEN
Kist"vaen, n. Etym: [W. cist-faen.] (Archæol.)

Defn: A Celtic monument, commonly known as a dolmen.

KIT
Kit, v. t. [imp. Kitte.]

Defn: To cut. [Obs.] Chaucer.

KIT
Kit, n. Etym: [See Kitten.]

Defn: A kitten. Kit fox (Zoöl.), a small burrowing fox (Vulpes
velox), inhabiting the region of the Rocky Mountains. It is brownish
gray, reddish on the breast and flanks, and white below. Called also
swift fox.

KIT
Kit, n. Etym: [Gf. AS. cytere harp, L. cithara. Cf. Guitar.]

Defn: A small violin. "A dancing master's kit." Grew.
Prince Turveydrop then tinkled the strings of his kit with his
fingers, and the young ladies stood up to dance. Dickens.

KIT
Kit, m. Etym: [Cf. D. kit a large bottle, OD. kitte beaker,
decanter.]

1. A large bottle.

2. A wooden tub or pail, smaller at the top than at the bottom; as, a
kit of butter, or of mackerel. Wright.

3. straw or rush basket for fish; also, any kind of basket. [Prov.
Eng.] Halliwell.

4. A box for working implements; hence, a working outfit, as of a
workman, a soldier, and the like.

5. A group of separate parts, things, or individuals; -- used with
whole, and generally contemptuously; as, the whole kit of them.

KITCAT
Kit"cat`, a.

1. Designating a club in London, to which Addison and Steele
belonged; -- so called from Christopher Cat, a pastry cook, who
served the club with mutton pies.

2. Designating a canvas used for portraits of a peculiar size, viz.,
twenty-right or twenty-nine inches by thirtysix; -- so called because
that size was adopted by Sir Godfrey Kneller for the portraits he
painted of the members of the Kitcal Club. Fairholt.

KITCAT
Kit"cat`, n.

Defn: A game played by striking with a stick small piece of wood,
called a cat, shaped like two coned united at their bases; tipcat.
Cotton. Kitcat roll (Agric.), a roller somewhat in the form of two
cones set base to base. [Prov. Eng.]

KITCHEN
Kitch"en, n. Etym: [OE. kichen, kichene, kuchene, AS. cycene, L.
coquina, equiv. to culina a kitchen, fr. coquinus pertaining to
cooking, fr. coquere to cook. See Cook to prepare food, and cf.
Cuisine.]

1. A cookroom; the room of a house appropriated to cookery.
Cool was his kitchen, though his brains were hot. Dryden.
A fat kitchen makes a lean will. Franklin.

2. A utensil for roasting meat; as, a tin kitchen. Kitchen garden.
See under Garden.
 -- Kitchen lee, dirty soapsuds. [Obs.] " A brazen tub of kitchen
lee." Ford.
 -- Kitchen stuff, fat collected from pots and pans. Donne.

KITCHEN
Kitch"en, v. t.

Defn: To furnish food to; to entertain with the fare of the kitchen.
[Obs.] Shak.

KITCHENER
Kitch"en*er, n.

Defn: A kitchen servant; a cook. Carlyle.

KITCHENETTE
Kitch`en*ette", n.  [Kitchen + -ette.]

Defn: A room combining a very small kitchen and a pantry, with the
kitchen conveniences compactly arranged, sometimes so that they fold
up out of sight and allow the kitchen to be made a part of the
adjoining room by opening folding doors.

KITCHENMAID
Kitch"en*maid`, n.

Defn: A woman employed in the kitchen. Shak.

KITCHEN MIDDENS
Kitch"en mid`dens. Etym: [Dan. kjök-kenmöddings kitchen leavings; cf.
Scot. midden a dunghill.]

Defn: Relics of neolithic man found on the coast of Denmark,
consisting of shell mounds, some of which are ten feet high, one
thousand feet long, and two hundred feet wide. The name is applied
also to similar mounds found on the American coast from Canada to
Florida, made by the North American Indians.

KITCHEN-RY
Kitch"en-ry, n.

Defn: The body of servants employed in the kitchen. [Obs.] Holland.

KITE
Kite, n. Etym: [OE. kyte, AS.c; cf. W. cud, cut.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any raptorial bird of the subfamily Milvinæ, of which many
species are known. They have long wings, adapted for soaring, and
usually a forked tail.

Note: The European species are Milvus ictinus and M. govinda; the
sacred or Brahmany kite of India is Haliastur Indus; the American
fork-tailed kite is the Nauclerus furcatus.

2. Fig. : One who is rapacious.
Detested kite, thou liest. Shak.

3. A light frame of wood or other material covered with paper or
cloth, for flying in the air at the end of a string.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A lofty sail, carried only when the wind is light.

5. (Geom.)

Defn: A quadrilateral, one of whose diagonals is an axis of symmetry.
Henrici.

6. Fictitious commercial paper used for raising money or to sustain
credit, as a check which represents no deposit in bank, or a bill of
exchange not sanctioned by sale of goods; an accommodation check or
bill. [Cant]

7. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The brill. [Prov. Eng. ] Flying kites. (Naut.) See under
Flying.
 -- Kite falcon (Zoöl.), an African falcon of the genus Avicida,
having some resemblance to a kite.

KITE
Kite, v. i.

Defn: To raise money by "kites;" as, kiting transactions. See Kite,
6. [Cant]

KITE
Kite, n.

Defn: The belly. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

KITEFLYING; KITEFLIER
Kite"fly`ing, n.

Defn: A mode of raising money, or sustaining one's credit, by the use
of paper which is merely nominal; -- called also kiting.
 -- Kite"fli`er, n.

Defn: See Kite, n., 6. [Cant] McElrath. Thackeray.

KITH
Kith, n. Etym: [OE. kith, cu, AS. cc known. Uncouth, Can, and cf.
Kythe.]

Defn: Acquaintance; kindred.
And my near kith for sore me shend. W. Browne.
The sage of his kith and the hamlet. Longfellow.
Kith and kin, kindred more or less remote.

KITHARA
Kith"a*ra, n.

Defn: See Cithara.

KITHE
Kithe, v. t. [Obs.]

Defn: See Kythe. Chaucer.

KITISH
Kit"ish, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or relating to a kite.

KITLING
Kit"ling, n. Etym: [Kit a kitten + ling: cf. Icel. ketlingr.]

Defn: A young kitten; a whelp. [Obs. or Scot.] B. Jonson.

KITTE
Kit"te, imp.

Defn: of Kit to cut. [Obs.] Chaucer.

KITTEL
Kit"tel, v. t.

Defn: See Kittle, v. t.

KITTEN
Kit"ten, n. Etym: [OE. kiton, a dim. of cat; cf. G.kitze a young cat,
also a female cat, and F. chaton, dim. of chat cat, also E. kitling.
See Cat.]

Defn: A young cat.

KITTEN
Kit"ten, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Kittened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Kittening.]

Defn: To bring forth young, as a cat; to bring forth, as kittens.
Shak. H. Spencer.

KITTENISH
Kit"ten*ish, a.

Defn: Resembling a kitten; playful; as, a kittenish disposition.
Richardson.

KITTIWAKE
Kit"ti*wake, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A northern gull (Rissa tridactyla), inhabiting the coasts of
Europe and America. It is white, with black tips to the wings, and
has but three toes.

KITTLE
Kit"tle, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Kit a kitten.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: To bring forth young, as a cat; to kitten; to litter. [Prov.
Eng. & Scot.]

KITTLE
Kit"tle, v. t. Etym: [Cf. AS. citelian; akin to D. kittelen, G.
kitzeln, Icel. kitla, Sw. kittla, kittsla, Dan. kildre. Cf. Tickle.]

Defn: To tickle. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] [Written also kittel.]
Halliwell. Jamieson.

KITTLE
Kit"tle, a.

Defn: Ticklish; not easily managed; troublesome; difficult; variable.
[Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell. Sir W. Scott.

KITTLISH
Kit"tlish, a.

Defn: Ticklish; kittle. Sir W. Scott.

KITTY
Kit"ty, n.

1. A kitten; also, a pet name or calling name for the cat.

2.  [Etym. uncertain.] (Gaming) The percentage taken out of a pool to
pay for refreshments, or for the expenses of the table.  R. F.
Foster.

KITTYSOL
Kit*ty*sol", n. Etym: [Sp. quitasol.]

Defn: The Chinese paper parasol.

KIVA
Ki"va, n. [Hopi name, sacred chamber.]

Defn: A large chamber built under, or in, the houses of a Pueblo
village, used as an assembly room in religious rites or as a men's
dormitory. It is commonly lighted and entered from an opening in the
roof.

KIVE
Kive, n.

Defn: A mash vat. See Keeve. [Obs.]

KIVER
Kiv"er, v. t.

Defn: To cover.
 -- n.

Defn: A cover. [Disused except in illiterate speech.]

KIVIKIVI; KIWIKIWI
Ki`vi*ki"vi, Ki`wi*ki"wi, n.; pl. Kivikivies (Kiwikiwies (. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Apteryx, esp. A. australis; -- so called in
imitation of its notes. Called also kiwi. See Apteryx.

KJOEKKEN MOEDDINGS
Kjoek"ken moed`dings. Etym: [Dan.]

Defn: See Kitchen middens.

KLAMATHS
Kla"maths, n. pl.; sing. Klamath (Ethnol.)

Defn: A collective name for the Indians of several tribes formerly
living along the Klamath river, in California and Oregon, but now
restricted to a reservation at Klamath Lake; -- called also Clamets
and Hamati.

KLEENEBOC
Kleene"boc` (klen"bôk`), n. Etym: [D. kleen little, small + bok
buck.]

Defn: (Zoöl.) An antelope (Cerphalopus pygmæus), found in South
Africa. It is of very small size, being but one foot high at
shoulder. It is remarkable for its activity, and for its mild and
timid disposition. Called also guevi, and pygmy antelope.

KLEPTOMANIA
Klep`to*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Gr. mania.]

Defn: A propensity to steal, claimed to be irresistible. This does
not constitute legal irresponsibility. Wharton.

KLEPTOMANIAC
Klep`to*ma"ni*ac, n.

Defn: A person affected with kleptomania.

KLICK
Klick, n. & v.

Defn: See Click.

KLICKET
Klick"et, n. Etym: [Cf. Clicket.] (Mil.)

Defn: A small postern or gate in a palisade, for the passage of
sallying parties. [Written also klinket.]

KLINKSTONE
Klink"stone`, n.

Defn: See Clinkstone.

KLINOMETER
Kli*nom"e*ter, n.

Defn: See Clinometer.

KLIPDAS; KLIPDACHS
Klip"das, Klip"dachs`, n. Etym: [D. klip cliff + das badger, akin to
G. dachs.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small mammal (Hyrax Capensis), found in South Africa. It is
of about the size of a rabbit, and closely resembles the daman.
Called also rock rabbit.

KLIPFISH
Klip"fish`, n.

Defn: Dried cod, exported from Norway. [Written also clipfish.]

KLIPSPRINGER
Klip"spring`er, n. Etym: [D., lit., cliff springer.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, graceful South African antelope (Nanotragus
oreotragus), which, like the chamois, springs from one crag to
another with great agility; -- called also kainsi. [Written also
klippspringer.]

KLOOF
Kloof, n. Etym: [D. See Clove a cleft.]

Defn: A glen; a ravine closed at its upper end. [South Africa]

KLOPEMANIA
Klo`pe*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Gr. mania.]

Defn: See Kleptomania.

KNAB
Knab, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Knabbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Knabbing.] Etym:
[See Nab, v. t., and cf. Knap, v. t.]

1. To seize with the teeth; to gnaw. "Knabbing crusts." [Obs.]
L'Estrange.

2. To nab. See Nab, v. t. [Colloq.]

KNABBLE
Knab"ble, v. i. Etym: [Freq. of knab.]

Defn: To bite or nibble. [Obs.]
Horses will knabble at walls, and rats gnaw iron. Sir T. Browne.

KNACK
Knack, v. i. Etym: [Prob. of imitative origin; cf. G. knacken to
break, Dan. knage to crack, and E. knock.]

1. To crack; to make a sharp, abrupt noise to chink. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.] Bp. Hall.

2. To speak affectedly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

KNACK
Knack, n.

1. A petty contrivance; a toy; a plaything; a knickknack.
A knack, a toy, a trick, a baby's cap. Shak.

2. A readiness in performance; aptness at doing something; skill;
facility; dexterity.
The fellow . . . has not the knack with his shears. B. Jonson.
The dean was famous in his time, And had a kind of knack at rhyme.
Swift.

3. Something performed, or to be done, requiring aptness and
dexterity; a trick; a device. "The knacks of japers." Chaucer.
For how should equal colors do the knack ! Pope.

KNACKER
Knack"er, n.

1. One who makes knickknacks, toys, etc. Mortimer.

2. One of two or more pieces of bone or wood held loosely between the
fingers, and struck together by moving the hand; -- called also
clapper. Halliwell.

KNACKER
Knack"er, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel.hnakkr a saddle.]

1. a harness maker. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. One who slaughters worn-out horses and sells their flesh for dog's
meat. [Eng.]

KNACKISH
Knack"ish, a.

Defn: Trickish; artful. [Obs.] -- Knack"ish*ness, n. [Obs.] Dr. H.
More.

KNACK-KNEED
Knack"-kneed`, a.

Defn: See Knock-kneed.

KNACKY
Knack"y, a.

Defn: Having a knack; cunning; crafty; trickish. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Halliwell.

KNAG
Knag, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. G. knagge a knot in wood, Sw. knagg, Dan.
knag a hook to hand clothes on, a bracket; Gael. & Ir. cnag peg,
knob.]

1. A knot in wood; a protuberance. Wright.

2. A wooden peg for hanging things on. Wright.

3. The prong of an antler Holland.

4. The rugged top of a hill. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

KNAGGED
Knag"ged, a.

Defn: Full of knots; knaggy.

KNAGGY
Knag"gy, a.

Defn: Knotty; rough; figuratively, rough in temper. Fuller.
 -- Knag"gi*ness, n.

KNAP
Knap, n. Etym: [AS. cnæp, cnæpp, top, knob, button; cf. Icel. knappr
knob, Sw. knapp, Dan. knap button, W., Gael., & Ir. cnap knob,
button, and E. knop.]

Defn: A protuberance; a swelling; a knob; a button; hence, rising
ground; a summit. See Knob, and Knop.
The highest part and knap of the same island. Holland.

KNAP
Knap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Knapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Knapping.] Etym:
[D. knappen to chew, bite, crack, take hold of; prob. of imitative
origin.]

1. To bite; to bite off; to break short. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. ]
He will knap the spears apieces with his teeth. Dr. H. More.
He breaketh the bow, and knappeth the spear in sunder. Ps. xlvi. 9
(Book of Common Prayer.)

2. To strike smartly; to rap; to snap. Bacon.

KNAP
Knap, v. i.

Defn: To make a sound of snapping. Wiseman.

KNAP
Knap, n.

Defn: A sharp blow or slap. Halliwell.

KNAPBOTTLE
Knap"bot`tle, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The bladder campion (Silene inflata).

KNAPPISH
Knap"pish, a. Etym: [See Knap to strike.]

Defn: Snappish; peevish. [Obs.] Grafton.

KNAPPLE
Knap"ple, v. i. Etym: [Freq. of knap, v., cf. D. knabbelen to gnaw.]

Defn: To break off with an abrupt, sharp noise; to bite; to nibble.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

KNAPPY
Knap"py, a.

Defn: Having knaps; full of protuberances or humps; knobby. [Obs.]
Huloet.

KNAPSACK
Knap"sack`, n. Etym: [D. knapzak; knappen to eat + zak a bag. See
Knap, v. t., and Sack.]

Defn: A case of canvas or leather, for carrying on the back a
soldier's necessaries, or the clothing, etc., of a traveler.
And each one fills his knapsack or his scrip With some rare thing
that on the field is found. Drayton.

KNAPWEED
Knap"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The black centaury (Centaurea nigra); -- so called from the
knoblike heads of flowers. Called also bullweed.

KNAR
Knar, n.

Defn: See Gnar. [Obs.] Chaucer.

KNARL
Knar"l, n.

Defn: A knot in wood. See Gnarl.

KNARLED
Knarled, a.

Defn: Knotted. See Gnarled.

KNARRED
Knarred, a.

Defn: Knotty; gnarled.
The knarred and crooked cedar knees. Longfellow.

KNARRY
Knar"ry, a.

Defn: Knotty; gnarled. Chaucer.

KNAVE
Knave, n. Etym: [OE., boy, servant, knave, AS. cnafa boy, youth; cf.
AS. cnapa boy, youth, D. kna, G. knabe boy, knappe esquire, Icel.
knapi, Sw. knape esquire, knäfvel knave.]

1. A boy; especially, a boy servant. [Obs.] Wyclif. Chaucer.
O murderous slumber, Lay'st thou thy leaden mace upon my boy That
plays thee music Gentle knave, good night. Shak.

2. Any male servant; a menial. [Obs.] Chaucer.
He's but Fortune's knave, A minister of her will. Shak.

3. A tricky, deceitful fellow; a dishonest person; a rogue; a
villain. "A pair of crafty knaves." Shak.
In defiance of demonstration, knaves will continue to proselyte
fools. Ames.

Note: "How many serving lads must have been unfaithful and dishonest
before knave -which meant at first no more than boy -- acquired the
meaning which it has now !" Trench.

4. A playing card marked with the figure of a servant or soldier; a
jack. Knave child, a male child. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- Villain; cheat; rascal; rogue; scoundrel; miscreant.

KNAVERY
Knav"er*y, n.; pl. Knaveries (.

1. The practices of a knave; petty villainy; fraud; trickery; a
knavish action.
This is flat knavery, to take upon you another man's name. Shak.

2. pl.

Defn: Roguish or mischievous tricks. Shak.

KNAVESHIP
Knave"ship, n.

Defn: A small due, in meal, established by usage, which is paid to
the under miller. [Scot.]

KNAVESS
Knav"ess, n.

Defn: A knavish woman. Carlyle.

KNAVISH
Knav"ish, a.

1. Like or characteristic of a knave; given to knavery; trickish;
fraudulent; dishonest; villainous; as, a knavish fellow, or a knavish
trick. "Knavish politicians." Macaulay.

2. Mischievous; roguish; waggish.
Cupid is knavish lad, Thus to make poor females mad. Shak.

KNAVISHLY
Knav"ish*ly, adv.

1. In a knavish manner; dishonestly; fraudulently. Holland.

2. Mischievously; waggishly; roguishly. "Knavishly witty." Gayton.

KNAVISHNESS
KNav"ish*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being knavish; knavery; dishonesty.

KNAW
Knaw, v. t.

Defn: See Gnaw. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

KNAWEL
Knaw"el, n. Etym: [Akin to G. knauelk, knäuel,prop., a ball of
thread, coil. Cf. Clew.] (Bot.)

Defn: A low, spreading weed (Scleranthus annuus), common in sandy
soil.

KNEAD
Knead, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kneaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Kneading.] Etym:
[OE. kneden, As. cnedan; akin to D. kneden, G. kneten, Sw. kn, Icel.
kno; cf. OSlav.gnesti.]

1. To work and press into a mass, usually with the hands; esp., to
work, as by repeated pressure with the knuckles, into a well mixed
mass, as the materials of bread, cake, etc.; as, to knead dough.
The kneading, the making of the cake, the heating of the oven, and
the baking. Shak.

2. Fig.: To treat or form as by kneading; to beat.
I will knead him : I'll make him supple. Shak.
Kneading trough, a trough or tray in which dough is kneaded. Ex.
viii. 3.

KNEADABLE
Knead"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be kneaded; capable of being worked into a mass.

KNEADER
Knead"er, n.

Defn: One who kneads.

KNEADINGLY
Knead"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of one kneading.

KNEBELITE
Kne"bel*ite, n. Etym: [From Major von Knebel.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a gray, red, brown, or green color, and glistening
luster. It is a silicate of iron and manganese.

KNECK
Kneck, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.)

Defn: The twisting of a rope or cable, as it is running out. [Eng.]

KNEE
Knee, n. Etym: [OE. kne, cneo, As. cneó, cneów; akin to OS. knio,
kneo, OFries. kni, G. & D. knie, OHG. chniu, chneo, Icel. kn, Sw.
knä,Dan. knæ, Goth. kniu, L.genu, Gr. janu, Cf. Genuflection.]

1. In man, the joint in the middle part of the leg.

2. (Anat.)
(a) The joint, or region of the joint, between the thigh and leg.
(b) In the horse and allied animals, the carpal joint, corresponding
to the wrist in man.

3. (Mech. & Shipbuilding)

Defn: A piece of timber or metal formed with an angle somewhat in the
shape of the human knee when bent.

4. A bending of the knee, as in respect or courtesy.
Give them title, knee, and approbation. Shak.
Knee breeches. See under Breeches.
 -- Knee holly, Knee holm (Bot.), butcher's broom.
 -- Knee jerk (Physiol.) a jerk or kick produced by a blow or sudden
strain upon the patellar tendon of the knee, which causes a sudden
contraction of the quadriceps muscle; one of the so-called tendon
reflexes.
 -- Knee joint. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Knee timber, timber with knees or angles in it.
 -- Knee tribute, or Knee worship, tribute paid by kneeling; worship
by genuflection. [Obs.] "Knee tribute yet unpaid." Milton.

KNEE
Knee, v. t.

Defn: To supplicate by kneeling. [Obs.]
Fall down, and knee The way into his mercy. Shak

KNEEBRUSH
Knee"brush`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tuft or brush of hair on the knees of some species of
antelopes and other animals; -- chiefly used in the plural.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A thick mass or collection of hairs on the legs of bees, by aid
of which they carry the collected pollen to the hive or nest; --
usually in the plural.

KNEECAP
Knee"cap`, n.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The kneepan.

2. A cap or protection for the knee.

KNEE-CROOKING
Knee"-crook`ing, a.

Defn: Obsequious; fawning; cringing. "Knee-crooking knave." Shak.

KNEED
Kneed, a.

1. Having knees;- used chiefly in composition; as, in-kneed; out-
kneed; weak-kneed.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Geniculated; forming an obtuse angle at the joints, like the
knee when a little bent; as, kneed grass.

KNEE-DEEP
Knee"-deep`, a.

1. Rising to the knees; knee-high; as, water or snow knee-deep.
Grass knee-deep within a month. Milton.

2. Sunk to the knees; as, men knee-deep in water.
Where knee-deep the trees were standing. Longfellow.

KNEE-HIGH
Knee"-high`, a.

Defn: Rising or reaching upward to the knees; as, the water is knee-
high.

KNEE JERK
Knee jerk. (Physiol.)

Defn: A jerk or kick produced by a blow or sudden strain upon the
patellar tendon of the knee, which causes a sudden contraction of the
quadriceps muscle.

KNEEJOINT
Knee"joint`, n.

1. The joint of the knee.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A toggle joint; -- so called because consisting of two pieces
jointed to each other end to end, making an angle like the knee when
bent.

KNEEJOINTED
Knee"joint`ed, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Geniculate; kneed. See Kneed, a., 2.

KNEEL
Kneel, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Knelt or Kneeled (p. pr. & vb. n.
Kneeling.] Etym: [OE. knelen, cneolien; akin to D. knielen, Dan.
knæle. See Knee.]

Defn: To bend the knee; to fall or rest on the knees; -- sometimes
with down.
And he kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, Lord, lay not this
sin to their charge. Acts vii. 60.
As soon as you are dressed, kneel and say the Lord's Prayer. Jer.
Taylor.

KNEELER
Kneel"er, n.

1. One who kneels or who worships by or while kneeling. Tennyson.

2. A cushion or stool to kneel on.

3. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A name given to certain catechumens and penitents who were
permitted to join only in parts of church worship.

KNEELINGLY
Kneel"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a kneeling position.

KNEEPAN
Knee"pan`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A roundish, flattened, sesamoid bone in the tendon in front of
the knee joint; the patella; the kneecap.

KNEEPIECE
Knee"piece`, n.

Defn: A piece shaped like a knee; as, the kneepieces or ears of a
boat.

KNEIPPISM; KNEIPP'S CURE; KNEIPP CURE
Kneipp"ism, n. Also Kneipp's, or Kneipp, cure.

Defn: Treatment of disease by forms of hydrotherapy, as walking
barefoot in the morning dew, baths, wet compresses, cold affusions,
etc.; -- so called from its originator, Sebastian Kneipp (1821-97), a
German priest.

KNELL
Knell, n. Etym: [OE. knel, cnul, AS. cnyll, fr. cnyllan to sound a
bell; cf. D. & G. knallen to clap, crack, G. & Sw. knall a clap,
crack, loud sound, Dan. knalde to clap, crack. Cf. Knoll, n. & v.]

Defn: The stoke of a bell tolled at a funeral or at the death of a
person; a death signal; a passing bell; hence, figuratively, a
warning of, or a sound indicating, the passing away of anything.
The dead man's knell Is there scarce asked for who. Shak.
The curfew tolls the knell of parting day. Gray.

KNELL
Knell, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Knelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Knelling.] Etym:
[OE. knellen, knillen, As. cnyllan. See Knell, n.]

Defn: To sound as a knell; especially, to toll at a death or funeral;
hence, to sound as a warning or evil omen.
Not worth a blessing nor a bell to knell for thee. Beau. & Fl.
Yet all that poets sing, and grief hath known, Of hopes laid waste,
knells in that word, "alone". Ld. Lytton.

KNELL
Knell, v. t.

Defn: To summon, as by a knell.
Each matin bell, the baron saith, Knells us back to a world of death.
Coleridge.

KNELT
Knelt, imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Kneel.

KNEW
Knew, imp.

Defn: of Know.

KNICKER
Knick"er, n. Etym: [D. knikker.]

Defn: A small ball of clay, baked hard and oiled, used as a marble by
boys in playing. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.] Halliwell. Bartlett.

KNICKERBOCKER
Knick"er*bock`er, n.

Defn: A linsey-woolsey fabric having a rough knotted surface on the
right side; used for women's dresses.

KNICKERBOCKERS
Knick"er*bock`ers, n. pl.

Defn: The name for a style of short breeches; smallclothes.

KNICKKNACK
Knick"knack`, n. Etym: [See Knack.]

Defn: A trifle or toy; a bawble; a gewgaw.

KNICKKNACKATORY
Knick"knack`a*to*ry, n.

Defn: A collection of knickknacks. Richardson.

KNICKKNACKERY
Knick"knack`er*y, n.

Defn: Knickknacks.

KNIFE
Knife, n.; pl. Knives. Etym: [OE. knif, AS. cnif; akin to D. knijf,
Icel. knifr, Sw. knif, Dan. kniv.]

1. An instrument consisting of a thin blade, usually of steel and
having a sharp edge for cutting, fastened to a handle, but of many
different forms and names for different uses; as, table knife,
drawing knife, putty knife, pallet knife, pocketknife, penknife,
chopping knife, etc.

2. A sword or dagger.
The coward conquest of a wretch's knife. Shak.
Knife grass (Bot.) a tropical American sedge (Scleria latifolia),
having leaves with a very sharp and hard edge, like a knife.
 -- War to the knife, mortal combat; a conflict carried to the last
extremity.

KNIFE
Knife, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Knifed; p. pr. & vb. n. Knifing.]

1. (Hort.)

Defn: To prune with the knife.

2. To cut or stab with a knife. [Low]

KNIFEBOARD
Knife"board`, n.

Defn: A board on which knives are cleaned or polished.

KNIFEEDGE; KNIFE-EDGE
Knife"*edge`, n. (Mech.)

Defn: A piece of steel sharpened to an acute edge or angle, and
resting on a smooth surface, serving as the axis of motion of a
pendulum, scale beam, or other piece required to oscillate with the
least possible friction. Knife-edge file. See Illust. of File.

KNIFE SWITCH
Knife switch. (Elec.)

Defn: A switch consisting of one or more knifelike pieces hinged at
one end and making contact near the other with flat gripping springs.

KNIGHT
Knight, n. Etym: [OE. knight, cniht, knight, soldier, As. cniht,
cneoht, a boy, youth, attendant, military follower; akin to D. & G.
knecht servant; perh. akin to E. kin.]

1. A young servant or follower; a military attendant. [Obs.]

2.
(a) In feudal times, a man-at-arms serving on horseback and admitted
to a certain military rank with special ceremonies, including an oath
to protect the distressed, maintain the right, and live a stainless
life.
(b) One on whom knighthood, a dignity next below that of baronet, is
conferred by the sovereign, entitling him to be addressed as Sir; as,
Sir John. [Eng.] Hence:
(c) A champion; a partisan; a lover. "Give this ring to my true
knight." Shak "In all your quarrels will I be your knight." Tennyson.
Knights, by their oaths, should right poor ladies' harms. Shak.

Note: Formerly, when a knight's name was not known, it was customary
to address him as Sir Knight. The rank of a knight is not hereditary.

3. A piece used in the game of chess, usually bearing a horse's head.

4. A playing card bearing the figure of a knight; the knave or jack.
[Obs.] Carpet knight. See under Carpet.
 -- Knight of industry. See Chevalier d'industrie, under Chevalier.
 -- Knight of Malta, Knight of Rhodes, Knight of St. John of
Jerusalem. See Hospitaler.
 -- Knight of the post, one who gained his living by giving false
evidence on trials, or false bail; hence, a sharper in general.
Nares. "A knight of the post, . . . quoth he, for so I am termed; a
fellow that will swear you anything for twelve pence." -- Nash.
 -- Knight of the shire, in England, one of the representatives of a
county in Parliament, in distinction from the representatives of
cities and boroughs.
 -- Knights commanders, Knights grand cross, different classes of the
Order of the Bath. See under Bath, and Companion. Knights of labor, a
secret organization whose professed purpose is to secure and maintain
the rights of workingmen as respects their relations to their
employers. [U. S.] -- Knights of Pythias, a secret order, founded in
Washington, d.C., in 1864, for social and charitable purposes.
 -- Knights of the Round Table, knights belonging to an order which,
according to the legendary accounts, was instituted by the mythical
King Arthur. They derived their common title from the table around
which they sat on certain solemn days. Brande & C.

KNIGHT
Knight, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Knighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Knighting.]

Defn: To dub or create (one) a knight; -- done in England by the
sovereign only, who taps the kneeling candidate with a sword, saying:
Rise, Sir ---.
A soldier, by the honor-giving hand Of Cknighted in the field. Shak.

KNIGHTAGE
Knight"age, n.

Defn: To body of knights, taken collectively.

KNIGHT BACHELOR
Knight" bach"e*lor; pl. Knights bachelors (.

Defn: A knight of the most ancient, but lowest, order of English
knights, and not a member of any order of chivalry. See Bachelor, 4.

KNIGHT BANNERET
Knight" ban"ner*et; pl. Knights bannerets.

Defn: A knight who carried a banner, who possessed fiefs to a greater
amount than the knight bachelor, and who was obliged to serve in war
with a greater number of attendants. The dignity was sometimes
conferred by the sovereign in person on the field of battle.

KNIGHT BARONET
Knight" bar"o-net.

Defn: See Baronet.

KNIGHT-ERRANT
Knight"-er`rant, n.; pl. Knight-errants, or Knights-errant.

Defn: A wandering knight; a knight who traveled in search of
adventures, for the purpose of exhibiting military skill, prowess,
and generosity.

KNIGHT-ERRANTRY
Knight"-er`rant*ry, n.; pl. Knight-errantries (.

Defn: The character or actions of wandering knights; the practice of
wandering in quest of adventures; chivalry; a quixotic or romantic
adventure or scheme.
The rigid guardian [i. e., conscience] of a blameless heart Is weak
with rank knight-erratries o'errun. Young.

KNIGHT-ER-RATIC
Knight"-er-rat"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a knight-errant or to knight-errantry. [R.]
Quart. Rev.

KNIGHTHEAD
Knight"head`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A bollard timber. See under Bollard.

KNIGHTHOOD
Knight"hood, n. Etym: [Knight + hood: cf. AS. chihthad youth.]

1. The character, dignity, or condition of a knight, or of knights as
a class; hence, chivalry. "O shame to knighthood." Shak.
If you needs must write, write Cæsar's praise; You 'll gain at least
a knighthood, or the bays. Pope.

2. The whole body of knights.
The knighthood nowadays are nothing like the knighthood of old time.
Chapman.

Note: "When the order of knighthood was conferred with full solemnity
in the leisure of a court or court or city, imposing preliminary
ceremonies were required of the candidate. He prepared himself by
prayer and fasting, watched his arms at night in a chapel, and was
then admitted with the performance of religious rites. Knighthood was
conferred by the accolade, which, from the derivation of the name,
would appear to have been originally an embrace; but afterward
consisted, as it still does, in a blow of the flat of a sword on the
back of the kneeling candidate." Brande & C.

KNIGHTLESS
Knight"less, a.

Defn: Unbecoming a knight. [Obs.] "Knightless guile." Spenser.

KNIGHTLINESS
Knight"li*ness, n.

Defn: The character or bearing suitable for a knight; chivalry.
Spenser.

KNIGHTLY
Knight`ly, a. Etym: [AS. cnihtlic boyish.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a knight; becoming a knight; chivalrous;
as, a knightly combat; a knightly spirit.
For knightly jousts and fierce encounters fit. Spenser.
[Excuses] full knightly without scorn. Tennyson.

KNIGHTLY
Knight"ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner becoming a knight.
And why thou comest thus knightly clad in arms. Shak.

KNIGHT MARSHAL
Knight" mar"shal. (Eng. Law)

Defn: An officer in the household of the British sovereign, who has
cognizance of transgressions within the royal household and verge,
and of contracts made there, a member of the household being one of
the parties. Wharton.

KNIGHT SERVICE
Knight" serv"ice. (Eng. Feud. Law)

Defn: A tenure of lands held by knights on condition of performing
military service. See Chivalry, n., 4.

KNIGHT SERVICE; KNIGHT'S SERVICE
Knight service. Also Knight's service.

1.  (Feud. Law) The military service by rendering which a knight held
his lands; also, the tenure of lands held on condition of performing
military service.

By far the greater part of England [in the 13th century] is held of
the king by knight's service. . . . In order to understand this
tenure we must form the conception of a unit of military service.
That unit seems to be the service of one knight or fully armed
horseman (servitium unius militis) to be done to the king in his army
for forty days in the year, if it be called for. . . . The limit of
forty days seems to have existed rather in theory than practice.
Pollock & Mait.

2.  Service such as a knight can or should render; hence, good or
valuable service.

KNIGHT'S FEE
Knight's fee. (Feudal Law)

Defn: The fee of a knight; specif., the amount of land the holding of
which imposed the obligation of knight service, being sometimes a
hide or less, sometimes six or more hides.

KNIGHT TEMPLAR
Knight" Tem"plar; pl. Knights Templars (.

Defn: See Commandery, n., 3, and also Templar, n., 1 and 3.

KNIT
Knit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Knit or Knitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Knitting.]
Etym: [OE. knitten, knutten, As. cnyttan, fr. cnotta knot; akin to
Icel. kn, Sw. knyta, Dan. knytte. See Knot.]

1. To form into a knot, or into knots; to tie together, as cord; to
fasten by tying.
A great sheet knit at the four corners. Acts x. 11.
When your head did but ache, I knit my handkercher about your brows.
Shak.

2. To form, as a textile fabric, by the interlacing of yarn or thread
in a series of connected loops, by means of needles, either by hand
or by machinery; as, to knit stockings.

3. To join; to cause to grow together.
Nature can not knit the bones while the parts are under a discharge.
Wiseman.

4. To unite closely; to connect; to engage; as, hearts knit together
in love.
Thy merit hath my duty strongly knit. Shak.
Come , knit hands, and beat the ground, In a light fantastic round.
Milton.
A link among the days, toknit The generations each to each. Tennyson.

5. To draw together; to contract into wrinkles.
knits his brow and shows an angry eye. Shak.

KNIT
Knit, v. i.

1. To form a fabric by interlacing yarn or thread; to weave by making
knots or loops.

2. To be united closely; to grow together; as, broken bones will in
time knit and become sound. To knit up, to wind up; to conclude; to
come to a close. "It remaineth to knit up briefly with the nature and
compass of the seas." [Obs.] Holland.

KNIT
Knit, n.

Defn: Union knitting; texture. Shak.

KNITBACK
Knit"back`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The plant comfrey; -- so called from its use as a restorative.
Dr. Prier.

KNITCH; KNITCHET
Knitch, Knitch"et, n. Etym: [Cf. Knit.]

Defn: A number of things tied or knit together; a bundle; a fagot.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
When they [stems of asphodel] be dried, they ought to be made up into
knitchets, or handfuls. Holland.

KNITS
Knits, n. pl. Etym: [Prob. same word as nit a louse's egg.] (Mining)

Defn: Small particles of ore. Raymond.

KNITSTER
Knit"ster, n.

Defn: A woman who knits. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

KNITTER
Knit"ter, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, knits, joins, or unites; a knitting
machine. Shak.

KNITTING
Knit"ting, n.

1. The work of a knitter; the network formed by knitting.

2. Union formed by knitting, as of bones. Knitting machine, one of a
number of contrivances for mechanically knitting stockings, jerseys,
and the like.
 -- Knitting , a stiff rod, as of steel wire, with rounded ends for
knitting yarn or threads into a fabric, as in stockings.
 -- Knitting sheath, a sheath to receive the end of a needle in
knitting.

KNITTLE
Knit"tle, n. Etym: [From Knit.]

1. A string that draws together a purse or bag. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

2. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: See Nettles.

KNIVES
Knives, n. pl.

Defn: of Knife. See Knife.

KNOB
Knob, n. Etym: [A modification of knop. Cf. Nob.]

1. A hard protuberance; a hard swelling or rising; a bunch; a lump;
as, a knob in the flesh, or on a bone.

2. A knoblike ornament or handle; as, the knob of a lock, door, or
drawer. Chaucer.

3. A rounded hill or mountain; as, the Pilot Knob. [U. S.] Bartlett.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: See Knop. Knob latch, a latch which can be operated by turning
a knob, without using a key.

KNOB
Knob, v. i.

Defn: To grow into knobs or bunches; to become knobbed. [Obs.] Drant.

KNOBBED
Knobbed, a.

Defn: Containing knobs; full of knobs; ending in a nob. See Illust of
Antenna.
The horns of a roe deer of Greenland are pointed at the top, and
knobbed or tuberous at the bottom. Grew.

KNOBBER
Knob"ber, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Knobbler.

KNOBBING
Knob"bing, n. (Stone Quarrying)

Defn: Rough dressing by knocking off knobs or projections.

KNOBBLER
Knob"bler, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hart in its second year; a young deer. [Written also
knobber.] Halliwell.
He has hallooed the hounds upon a velvet-headed knobbler. Sir W.
Scott.

KNOBBLING FIRE
Knob"bling fire

Defn: . A bloomery fire. See Bloomery.

KNOBBY
Knob"by, a. Etym: [From Knob.]

1. Full of, or covered with, knobs or hard protuberances. Dr. H.
More.

2. Irregular; stubborn in particulars. [Obs.]
The informers continued in a knobby kind of obstinacy. Howell.

3. Abounding in rounded hills or mountains; hilly. [U.S.] Bartlett.

KNOBKERRIE
Knob"ker`rie, n. [Boer D. knopkirie, fr. D. knop-hout, knotty stick +
Hottentot kïrri  club.]

Defn: A short club with a knobbed end used as a missile weapon by
Kafir and other native tribes of South Africa.

KNOBSTICK
Knob"stick`, n.

Defn: One who refuses to join, or withdraws from, a trades union.
[Cant, Eng.]

KNOCK
Knock, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Knocked; p. pr. & vb. n. Knocking.] Etym:
[OE. knoken, AS. cnocian, cnucian; prob. of imitative origin; cf. Sw.
knacka.Cf. Knack.]

1. To drive or be driven against something; to strike against
something; to clash; as, one heavy body knocks against another.
Bacon.

2. To strike or beat with something hard or heavy; to rap; as, to
knock with a club; to knock on the door.
For harbor at a thousand doors they knocked. Dryden.
Seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you.
Matt. vii. 7.
To knock about, to go about, taking knocks or rough usage; to wander
about; to saunter. [Colloq.] "Knocking about town." W. Irving.
 -- To knock up, to fail of strength; to become wearied or worn out,
as with labor; to give out. "The horses were beginning to knock up
under the fatigue of such severe service." De Quincey.
 -- To knock off, to cease, as from work; to desist.
 -- To knock under, to yield; to submit; to acknowledge one's self
conquered; -- an expression probably borrowed from the practice of
knocking under the table with the knuckles, when conquered. "Colonel
Esmond knocked under to his fate." Thackeray.

KNOCK
Knock, v. t.

1. To strike with something hard or heavy; to move by striking; to
drive (a thing) against something; as, to knock a ball with a bat; to
knock the head against a post; to knock a lamp off the table.
When heroes knock their knotty heads together. Rowe.

2. To strike for admittance; to rap upon, as a door.
Master, knock the door hard. Shak.
To knock down. (a) To strike down; to fell; to prostrate by a blow or
by blows; as, to knock down an assailant. (b) To assign to a bidder
at an auction, by a blow or knock; to knock off.
 -- To knock in the head, or on the head, to stun or kill by a blow
upon the head; hence, to put am end to; to defeat, as a scheme or
project; to frustrate; to quash. [Colloq.] -- To knock off. (a) To
force off by a blow or by beating. (b) To assign to a bidder at an
auction, by a blow on the counter. (c) To leave off (work, etc.).
[Colloq.] -- To knock out, to force out by a blow or by blows; as, to
knock out the brains.
 -- To knock up. (a) To arouse by knocking. (b) To beat or tire out;
to fatigue till unable to do more; as, the men were entirely knocked
up. [Colloq.] "The day being exceedingly hot, the want of food had
knocked up my followers." Petherick. (c) (Bookbinding) To make even
at the edges, or to shape into book form, as printed sheets.

KNOCK
Knock, n.

1. A blow; a stroke with something hard or heavy; a jar.

2. A stroke, as on a door for admittance; a rap. " A knock at the
door." Longfellow.
A loud cry or some great knock. Holland.
Knock off, a device in a knitting machine to remove loops from the
needles.

KNOCKABOUT
Knock"a*bout`, a.

1. Marked by knocking about or roughness.

2.  Of noisy and violent character. [Theat. Slang]

3.  Characterized by, or suitable for, knocking about, or traveling
or wandering hither and thither.

4.  That does odd jobs; -- said of a class of hands or laborers on a
sheep station. [Collog., Australia]

KNOCKABOUT
Knock"a*bout`, n.

1. (Naut.) A small yacht, generally from fifteen to twenty-five feet
in length, having a mainsail and a jib.  All knockabouts have ballast
and either a keel or centerboard.  The original type was twenty-one
feet in length.  The next larger type is called a raceabout.

2. A knockabout performer or performance. [Theat. Slang]

3. A man hired on a sheep station to do odd jobs. [Colloq.,
Australia]

KNOCKDOWN
Knock"down`, n.

Defn: A felling by a knock, as of a combatant, or of an animal.

KNOCKDOWN
Knock"down`, a.

Defn: Of force sufficient to fell or completely overthrow; as, a
knockdown blow; a knockdown argument. [Colloq.]

KNOCKER
Knock"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, knocks; specifically, an instrument, or
kind of hammer, fastened to a door, to be used in seeking for
admittance.
Shut, shut the door, good John ! fatigued, knocker; say I'm sick, I'm
dead. Pope.

KNOCKING
Knock"ing, n.

Defn: A beating; a rap; a series of raps.
The . . . repeated knockings of the head upon the ground by the
Chinese worshiper. H. Spencer.

KNOCKINGS
Knock"ings, n. pl. (Mining)

Defn: Large lumps picked out of the sieve, in dressing ore.

KNOCK-KNEE
Knock"-knee`, n. (Med.)

Defn: A condition in which the knees are bent in so as to touch each
other in walking; inknee.

KNOCK-KNEED
Knock"-kneed`, a.

Defn: Having the legs bent inward so that the knees touch in walking.
[Written also knack-kneed.]

KNOCK-OFF
Knock"-off`, a.

Defn: That knocks off; of or pertaining to knocking off.

KNOCK-OFF
Knock"-off`, n.

Defn: Act or place of knocking off; that which knocks off; specif.
(Mach.),

Defn: a cam or the like for disconnecting something, as a device in a
knitting machine to remove loops from the needles.

KNOCK-OUT
Knock"-out`, n.

Defn: Act of knocking out, or state of being knocked out.

KNOCK-OUT
Knock"-out`, a.

Defn: That knocks out; characterized by knocking out; as, a knock-out
blow; a knock-out key for knocking out a drill from a collet.

KNOCK-OUT DROPS
Knock-out drops.

Defn: Drops of some drug put in one's drink to stupefy him for
purpose of robbery, etc. [Slang, U. S.]

KNOCKSTONE
Knock"stone`, n. (Mining)

Defn: A block upon which ore is broken up.

KNOLL
Knoll, n. Etym: [AS. cnoll; akin to G. knolle, knollen, clod, lump,
knob, bunch, OD. knolle ball, bunch, Sw. knöl, Dan. knold.]

Defn: A little round hill; a mound; a small elevation of earth; the
top or crown of a hill.
On knoll or hillock rears his crest, Lonely and huge, the giant oak.
Sir W. Scott.

KNOLL
Knoll, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Knolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Knolling.] Etym:
[OE. knollen, AS. cnyllan. See Knell.]

Defn: To ring, as a bell; to strike a knell upon; to toll; to
proclaim, or summon, by ringing. "Knolled to church." Shak.
Heavy clocks knolling the drowsy hours. Tennyson.

KNOLL
Knoll, v. i.

Defn: To sound, as a bell; to knell. Shak.
For a departed being's soul The death hymn peals, and the hollow
bells knoll. Byron.

KNOLL
Knoll, n.

Defn: The tolling of a bell; a knell. [R.] Byron.

KNOLLER
Knoll"er, n.

Defn: One who tolls a bell. [Obs.] Sherwood.

KNOP
Knop, n. Etym: [OE. knop, knoppe; cf. D.knop, knoop, G. knopf, Dan.
knap, knop, Sw. knapp, knopp, button, bud, Icel. knappr, and E. knap,
n. Cf. Knap, Knob.]

1. A knob; a bud; a bunch; a button.
Four bowls made like unto almonds, with their knops and their
flowers. Ex. xxv. 21.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Any boldly projecting sculptured ornament; esp., the ornamental
termination of a pinnacle, and then synonymous with finial; -- called
also knob, and knosp. Knop sedge (Bot.), the bur reed (Sparganium); -
- so called from its globular clusters of seed vessels. Prior.

KNOPPED
Knopped, a.

Defn: Having knops or knobs; fastened as with buttons. [Obs.] Rom. of
R.

KNOPPERN
Knop"pern, n. Etym: [Cf. G. knopper. See Knop.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of gall produced by a gallfly on the cup of an acorn, --
used in tanning and dyeing.

KNOPWEED
Knop"weed`, n.

Defn: Same as Knapweed.

KNOR
Knor, n.

Defn: See Knur. [Obs.]

KNOSP
Knosp, n. Etym: [Cf. G. knospe bud, E. knop, knar.] (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Knop,2. Milman.

KNOT
Knot, n. Etym: [OE. knot, knotte, AS. cnotta; akin to D. knot, OHG.
chnodo, chnoto, G. knoten, Icel. kn, Sw. knut, Dan. knude, and perh.
to L. nodus. Cf. Knout, Knit.]

1.
(a) A fastening together of the pars or ends of one or more threads,
cords, ropes, etc., by any one of various ways of tying or
entangling.
(b) A lump or loop formed in a thread, cord, rope. etc., as at the
end, by tying or interweaving it upon itself.
(c) An ornamental tie, as of a ribbon.

Note: The names of knots vary according to the manner of their
making, or the use for which they are intended; as, dowknot, reef
knot, stopper knot, diamond knot, etc.

2. A bond of union; a connection; a tie. "With nuptial knot." Shak.
Ere we knit the knot that can never be loosed. Bp. Hall.

3. Something not easily solved; an intricacy; a difficulty; a
perplexity; a problem.
Knots worthy of solution. Cowper.
A man shall be perplexed with knots, and problems of business, and
contrary affairs. South.

4. A figure the lines of which are interlaced or intricately
interwoven, as in embroidery, gardening, etc. "Garden knots." Bacon.
Flowers worthy of paradise, which, not nice art In beds and curious
knots, but nature boon Poured forth profuse on hill, and dale, and
plain. Milton.

5. A cluster of persons or things; a collection; a group; a hand; a
clique; as, a knot of politicians. "Knots of talk." Tennyson.
His ancient knot of dangerous adversaries. Shak.
Palms in cluster, knots of Paradise. Tennyson.
As they sat together in small, separate knots, they discussed
doctrinal and metaphysical points of belief. Sir W. Scott.

6. A portion of a branch of a tree that forms a mass of woody fiber
running at an angle with the grain of the main stock and making a
hard place in the timber. A loose knot is generally the remains of a
dead branch of a tree covered by later woody growth.

7. A knob, lump, swelling, or protuberance.
With lips serenely placid, felt the knot Climb in her throat.
Tennyson.

8. A protuberant joint in a plant.

9. The point on which the action of a story depends; the gist of a
matter. [Obs.]
I shoulde to the knotte condescend, And maken of her walking soon an
end. Chaucer.

10. (Mech.)

Defn: See Node.

11. (Naut.)
(a) A division of the log line, serving to measure the rate of the
vessel's motion. Each knot on the line bears the same proportion to a
mile that thirty seconds do to an hour. The number of knots which run
off from the reel in half a minute, therefore, shows the number of
miles the vessel sails in an hour. Hence:
(b) A nautical mile, or 6080.27 feet; as, when a ship goes eight
miles an hour, her speed is said to be eight knots.

12. A kind of epaulet. See Shoulder knot.

13. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sandpiper (Tringa canutus), found in the northern parts of
all the continents, in summer. It is grayish or ashy above, with the
rump and upper tail coverts white, barred with dusky. The lower parts
are pale brown, with the flanks and under tail coverts white. When
fat it is prized by epicures. Called also dunne.

Note: The name is said to be derived from King Canute, this bird
being a favorite article of food with him.
The knot that called was Canutus' bird of old, Of that great king of
Danes his name that still doth hold, His appetite to please that far
and near was sought. Drayton.

KNOT
Knot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Knotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Knotting.]

1. To tie in or with, or form into, a knot or knots; to form a knot
on, as a rope; to entangle. "Knotted curls." Drayton.
As tight as I could knot the noose. Tennyson.

2. To unite closely; to knit together. Bacon.

3. To entangle or perplex; to puzzle. [Obs. or R.]

KNOT
Knot, v. i.

1. To form knots or joints, as in a cord, a plant, etc.; to become
entangled.
Cut hay when it begins to knot. Mortimer.

2. To knit knots for fringe or trimming.

3. To copulate; -- said of toads. [R.] Shak.

KNOTBERRY
Knot"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The cloudberry (Rudus Chamæmorus); -- so called from its
knotted stems.

KNOTGRASS
Knot"grass`, n. (Bot.)
(a) a common weed with jointed stems (Polygonum aviculare); knotweed.
(b) The dog grass. See under Dog.

Note: An infusion of Polygonum aviculare was once supposed to have
the effect of stopping the growth of an animal, and hence it was
called, as by Shakespeare, "hindering knotgrass."
We want a boy extremely for this function, Kept under for a year with
milk and knotgrass. Beau. & Fl.

KNOTLESS
Knot"less, a.

Defn: Free from knots; without knots. "Silver firs with knotless
trunks." Congreve.

KNOTTED
Knot"ted, a.

1. Full of knots; having knots knurled; as, a knotted cord; the
knotted oak. Dryden.

2. Interwoven; matted; entangled.
Make . . . thy knotted and combined locks to part. Shak.

3. Having intersecting lines or figures.
The west corner of thy curious knotted garden. Shak.

4. (Geol.)

Defn: Characterized by small, detached points, chiefly composed of
mica, less decomposable than the mass of the rock, and forming knots
in relief on the weathered surface; as, knotted rocks. Percival.

5. Entangled; puzzling; knotty. [R.]
They're catched in knotted lawlike nets. Hudibras.

KNOTTINESS
Knot"ti*ness, n. Etym: [From Knotty.]

1. The quality or state of being knotty or full of knots.

2. Difficulty of solution; intricacy; complication. " Knottiness of
his style." Hare.

KNOTTY
Knot"ty, a. [Compar. Knottier; superl. Knottiest.]

1. Full of knots; knotted; having many knots; as, knotty timber; a
knotty rope.

2. Hard; rugged; as, a knotty head.[R.] Rewe.

3. Difficult; intricate; perplexed.
A knotty point to which we now proceed Pope.

KNOTWEED
Knot"weed", n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Knot.

KNOTWORT
Knot"wort, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small, herbaceous, trailing plant, of the genus Illecebrum
(I. verticillatum.)

KNOUT
Knout (nout or nt), n. Etym: [Russ. knut'; prob. of Scand. origin;
cf. Sw. knut knot, knout, Icel. kn knot: cf. F. knout. See Knot.]

Defn: A kind of whip for flogging criminals, formerly much used in
Russia. The last is a tapering bundle of leather thongs twisted with
wire and hardened, so that it mangles the flesh.

KNOUT
Knout, v. t.

Defn: To punish with the knout Brougham.

KNOW
Know, n.

Defn: Knee. [Obs.] Chaucer.

KNOW
Know, v. t. [imp. Knew; p. p. Known; p. pr. & vb. n. Knowing.] Etym:
[OE. knowen, knawen, AS. cnäwan; akin to OHG. chnäan (in comp.),
Icel. knä to be able, Russ, znate to know, L. gnoscere, noscere, Gr.
jn; fr. the root of E. can, v. i., ken. (Ken, Can to be able, and cf.
Acquaint, Cognition, Gnome, Ignore, Noble, Note.]

1. To perceive or apprehend clearly and certainly; to understand; to
have full information of; as, to know one's duty.
O, that a man might know The end of this day's business ere it come!
Shak.
There is a certainty in the proposition, and we know it. Dryden.
Know how sublime a thing it is To suffer and be strong. Longfellow.

2. To be convinced of the truth of; to be fully assured of; as, to
know things from information.

3. To be acquainted with; to be no stranger to; to be more or less
familiar with the person, character, etc., of; to possess experience
of; as, to know an author; to know the rules of an organization.
He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin. 2 Cor. v. 21.
Not to know me argues yourselves unknown. Milton.

4. To recognize; to distinguish; to discern the character of; as, to
know a person's face or figure.
Ye shall know them by their fruits. Matt. vil. 16.
And their eyes were opened, and they knew him. Luke xxiv. 31.
To know Faithful friend from flattering foe. Shak.
At nearer view he thought he knew the dead. Flatman.

5. To have sexual commerce with.
And Adam knew Eve his wife. Gen. iv. 1.

Note: Know is often followed by an objective and an infinitive (with
or without to) or a participle, a dependent sentence, etc.
And I knew that thou hearest me always. John xi. 42.
The monk he instantly knew to be the prior. Sir W. Scott.
In other hands I have known money do good. Dickens.
To know how, to understand the manner, way, or means; to have
requisite information, intelligence, or sagacity. How is sometimes
omitted. " If we fear to die, or know not to be patient." Jer.
Taylor.

KNOW
Know, v. i.

1. To have knowledge; to have a clear and certain perception; to
possess wisdom, instruction, or information; -- often with of.
Israel doth not know, my people doth not consider. Is. i. 3.
If any man will do his will, he shall know of the doctrine, whether
it be of God, or whether I speak of myself. John vii. 17.
The peasant folklore of Europe still knows of willows that bleed and
weep and speak when hewn. Tylor.

2. To be assured; to feel confident. To know of,to ask, to inquire.
[Obs.] " Know of your youth, examine well your blood." Shak.

KNOWABLE
Know"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be known; capable of being discovered, understood, or
ascertained.
Thus mind and matter, as known or knowable, are only two different
series of phenomena or qualities. Sir W. Hamilton.

KNOWABLENESS
Know"a* ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being knowable. Locke.

KNOW-ALL
Know"-all`, n.

Defn: One who knows everything; hence, one who makes pretension to
great knowledge; a wiseacre; -- usually ironical. [Colloq. or R.]

KNOWER
Know"er, n.

Defn: One who knows. Shak.

KNOWING
Know"ing, a.

1. Skilful; well informed; intelligent; as, a knowing man; a knowing
dog.
The knowing and intelligent part of the world. South.

2. Artful; cunning; as, a knowing rascal. [Colloq.]

KNOWING
Know"ing, n.

Defn: Knowledge; hence, experience. " In my knowing." Shak.
This sore night Hath trifled former knowings. Shak.

KNOWINGLY
Know"ing*ly, adv.

1. With knowledge; in a knowing manner; intelligently; consciously;
deliberately; as, he would not knowingly offend. Strype.

2. By experience. [Obs.] Shak.

KNOWINGNESS
Know"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being knowing or intelligent;
shrewdness; skillfulness.

KNOWLECHE
Knowl"eche, n. & v. [Obs.]

Defn: See Knowl, edge.
We consider and knowleche that we have offended. Chaucer.

KNOWLECHING
Knowl"ech*ing, n.

Defn: Knowledge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

KNOWLEDGE
Knowl"edge, n. Etym: [OE. knowlage, knowlege, knowleche, knawleche.
The last part is the Icel. suffix -leikr, forming abstract nouns,
orig. the same as Icel. leikr game, play, sport, akin to AS. lac,
Goth. laiks dance. See Know, and cf. Lake, v. i., Lark a frolic.]

1. The act or state of knowing; clear perception of fact, truth, or
duty; certain apprehension; familiar cognizance; cognition.
Knowledge, which is the highest degree of the speculative faculties,
consists in the perception of the truth of affirmative or negative
propositions. Locke.

2. That which is or may be known; the object of an act of knowing; a
cognition; -- chiefly used in the plural.
There is a great difference in the delivery of the mathematics, which
are the most abstracted of knowledges. Bacon.
Knowledges is a term in frequent use by Bacon, and, though now
obsolete, should be revived, as without it we are compelled to borrow
"cognitions" to express its import. Sir W. Hamilton.
To use a word of Bacon's, now unfortunately obsolete, we must
determine the relative value of knowledges. H. Spencer.

3. That which is gained and preserved by knowing; instruction;
acquaintance; enlightenment; learning; scholarship; erudition.
Knowledge puffeth up, but charity edifieth. 1 Cor. viii. 1.
Ignorance is the curse of God; -Knowledge, the wing wherewith we fly
to heaven. Shak.

4. That familiarity which is gained by actual experience; practical
skill; as, a knowledge of life.
Shipmen that had knowledge of the sea. 1 Kings ix. 27.

5. Scope of information; cognizance; notice; as, it has not come to
my knowledge.
Why have I found grace in thine eyes, that thou shouldst take
knowledge of me Ruth ii. 10.

6. Sexual intercourse; -- usually preceded by carnal; as, carnal
knowledge.

Syn.
 -- See Wisdom.

KNOWLEDGE
Knowl"edge, v. t.

Defn: To acknowledge. [Obs.] "Sinners which knowledge their sins."
Tyndale.

KNOWN
Known, p. p.

Defn: of Know.

KNOW-NOTHING
Know"-noth`ing, n.

Defn: A member of a secret political organization in the United
States, the chief objects of which were the proscription of
foreigners by the repeal of the naturalization laws, and the
exclusive choice of native Americans for office.

Note: The party originated in 1853, and existed for about three
years. The members of it were called Know-nothings, because they
replied "I don't know," to any questions asked them in reference to
the party.

KNOW-NOTHINGISM
Know"-noth`ing*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrines, principles, or practices, of the Know-nothings.

KNUBS
Knubs, n. pl.

Defn: Waste silk formed in winding off the threads from a cocoon.

KNUCKLE
Knuc"kle, n. Etym: [OE. knokel, knokil, AS. cuncel; akin to D.
knokkel, OFries. knokele, knokle, G. knöchel, Sw. knoge, Dan.
knokkel, G. knochen bone, and perh. to E. knock.]

1. The joint of a finger, particularly when made prominent by the
closing of the fingers. Davenant.

2. The kneejoint, or middle joint, of either leg of a quadruped,
especially of a calf; -- formerly used of the kneejoint of a human
being.
With weary knuckles on thy brim she kneeled sadly down. Golding.

3. The joint of a plant. [Obs.] Bacon.

4. (Mech.)

Defn: The joining pars of a hinge through which the pin or rivet
passes; a knuckle joint.

5. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A convex portion of a vessel's figure where a sudden change of
shape occurs, as in a canal boat, where a nearly vertical side joins
a nearly flat bottom.

6. A contrivance, usually of brass or iron, and furnished with
points, worn to protect the hand, to add force to a blow, and to
disfigure the person struck; as, brass knuckles; -- called also
knuckle duster. [Slang.] Knuckle joint (Mach.), a hinge joint, in
which a projection with an eye, on one piece, enters a jaw between
two corresponding projections with eyes, on another piece, and is
retained by a pin which passes through the eyes and forms the pivot.
 -- Knuckle of veal (Cookery), the lower part of a leg of veal, from
the line of the body to the knuckle.

KNUCKLE
Knuc"kle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Knuckled;; p. pr. & vb. n. Knuckling.]

Defn: To yield; to submit; -- used with down, to, or under. To
knuckle to. (a) To submit to in a contest; to yield to. [Colloq.] See
To knock under, under Knock, v. i. (b) To apply one's self vigorously
or earnestly to; as, to knuckle to work. [Colloq.]

KNUCKLE
Knuc"kle, v. t.

Defn: To beat with the knuckles; to pommel. [R.] Horace Smith.

KNUCKLED
Knuc"kled, a.

Defn: Jointed. [Obs.] Bacon.

KNUFF
Knuff, n. Etym: [Cf. Cnof a churl.]

Defn: A lout; a clown. [Obs.]
The country knuffs, Hob, Dick, and Hick, With clubs and clouted
shoon. Hayward.

KNUR
Knur, n. Etym: [See Knurl.]

Defn: A knurl. Woodward.

KNURL
Knurl, n. Etym: [See Knar, Gnar.]

Defn: A contorted knot in wood; a crossgrained protuberance; a
nodule; a boss or projection.

2. One who, or that which, is crossgrained.

KNURL
Knurl, v. t.

Defn: To provide with ridges, to assist the grasp, as in the edge of
a flat knob, or coin; to mill.

KNURLED
Knurled, a.

1. Full of knots; gnarled.

2. Milled, as the head of a screw, or the edge of a coin.

KNURLY
Knurl"y, [Compar. Knurlier (; superl. Knurliest.] Etym: [See Knur,
and cf. Gnarly.]

Defn: Full of knots; hard; tough; hence, capable of enduring or
resisting much.

KNURRY
Knur"ry, a.

Defn: Full of knots. [Obs.] Drayton.

KOAITA
Ko*ai"ta, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Coaita.

KOALA
Ko*a"la, n.

Defn: A tailless marsupial (Phascolarctos cinereus), found in
Australia. The female carries her young on the back of her neck.
Called also Australian bear, native bear, and native sloth.

KOB; KOBA
Kob, Ko"ba, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of African antelopes of the genus
Kobus, esp. the species Kobus sing-sing.

KOBALT
Ko"balt, n.

Defn: See Cobalt.

KOBELLITE
Ko"bel*lite, n. Etym: [From Franz von Kobell, of Munich.] (Min.)

Defn: A blackish gray mineral, a sulphide of antimony, bismuth, and
lead.

KOBOLD
Ko"bold, n. Etym: [G., perh. orig., house god, hose protector. See
Cobalt]

Defn: A kind of domestic spirit in German mythology, corresponding to
the Scottish brownie and the English Robin Goodfellow.

KODAK
Ko"dak, n.

Defn: A kind of portable camera.

KOEL
Ko"el, n. Etym: [Native name in India.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of cuckoos of the genus Eudynamys,
found in India, the East Indies, and Australia. They deposit their
eggs in the nests of other birds.

KOFF
Koff, n. Etym: [D. kof.]

Defn: A two-masted Dutch vessel.

KOFTGARI
Koft`ga*ri", a. [Hind. koft garï goldbeating. fr. Per. koft beating +
garï trade.]

Defn: Ornamental work produced by inlaying steel with gold, -- a
variety of damascening much used in the arts of India.

KOHINOOR; KOHNUR
Koh`i*noor", Koh`*nur, n. Etym: [Per. koh-i-n, lit., mountain of
light.]

Defn: A famous diamond, surrendered to the British crown on the
annexation of the Punjab. According to Hindoo legends, it was found
in a Golconda mine, and has been the property of various Hindoo and
Persian rulers.

KOHL
Kohl, n. Etym: [See Alcohol.]

Defn: A mixture of soot and other ingredients, used by Egyptian and
other Eastern women to darken the edges of the eyelids.

KOHL-RABI
Kohl"-ra`bi, n.; pl. Kohl-rabies. Etym: [G. Cf. Cole, Rape the
plant.] (Bot.)

Defn: A variety of cabbage, in which the edible part is a large,
turnip-shaped swelling of the stem, above the surface of the ground.

KOKAMA
Ko*ka"ma, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gemsbok.

KOKLASS
Ko"klass, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any pheasant of the genus Pucrasia. The birds of this genus
inhabit India and China, and are distinguished by having a long
central and two lateral crests on the head. Called also pucras.

KOKOON
Ko*koon", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gnu.

KOLA; KOLA NUT
Ko"la, Kola nut .

Defn: Same as Cola, Cola nut.

KOLARIAN
Ko*la"ri*an, n. (Ethnol.)

Defn: An individual of one of the races of aboriginal inhabitants
which survive in Hindostan.
 -- a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Kolarians.

KOLINSKY
Ko*lin"sky, n. [Russ. kolinski of Kola, a district in northeasten
Russia where the finest minks abound.]

Defn: Among furriers, any of several Asiatic minks; esp., Putorius
sibiricus, the yellowish brown pelt of which is valued, esp. for the
tail, used for making artists' brushes. Trade names for the fur are
red sable and Tatar sable.

KOLUSCHAN; KOLUSHAN
Ko*lusch"an, Ko*lush"an, a. [From Russ. kalyushka piece of wood (worn
in the nether lip).]

Defn: Designating, or pert. to, a linguistic stock of North American
Indians comprising the Tlinkit tribes of the Alexander Archipelago of
southeastern Alaska and adjacent coast lands. Their language bears
some affinity to Mexican tongues.

KOMENIC
Ko*me"nic, a. Etym: [Prob. G. mekonin (by transposition of letters) +
-ic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or designating, an acid derived from
meconic acid. [Written also comenic.]

KOMTOK
Kom"tok, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African freshwater fish (Protopterus annectens), belonging
to the Dipnoi. It can breathe air by means of its lungs, and when
waters dry up, it encases itself in a nest of hard mud, where it
remains till the rainy season. It is used as food.

KON
Kon, v. t.

Defn: To know. See Can, and Con. [Obs.]
Ye konnen thereon as much as any man. Chaucer.

KONITE
Ko"nite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Conite.

KONSEAL
Kon*seal", n. [Prob. formed from conceal.] (Med.)

Defn: A form of capsule for inclosing a dose of medicine that is
offensive, caustic, or the like.

KONZE
Konze, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large African antelope (Alcelaphus Lichtensteini), allied to
the hartbeest, but having shorter and flatter horns, and lacking a
black patch on the face.

KOODOO
Koo"doo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large South African antelope (Strepsiceros kudu). The males
have graceful spiral horns, sometimes four feet long. The general
color is reddish or grayish brown, with eight or nine white bands on
each side, and a pale dorsal stripe. The old males become dark bluish
gray, due to the skin showing through the hair. The females are
hornless. Called also nellut. [Written also kudu.]

KOOKOOM
Koo"koom, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The oryx or gemsbok. [Written also kookaam.]

KOOLOKAMBA
Koo`lo*kam"ba, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A west African anthropoid ape (Troglodytes koolokamba, or T.
Aubryi), allied to the chimpanzee and gorilla, and, in some respects,
intermediate between them.

KOOLSLAA
Kool"slaa`, n.

Defn: See Coleslaw.

KOORD
Koord, n.

Defn: See Kurd.

KOORDISH
Koord"ish, n.

Defn: See Kurdish.

KOORILIAN
Koo*ril"i*an, a & n.

Defn: Same as Kurilian.

KOP
Kop, n. [South Afr. D., fr. D. kop head, akin to G. kopf and prob. to
E. cop top.]

Defn: Hill; mountain. [South Africa]

KOPECK
Ko"peck, n. Etym: [Russ. kopeika.]

Defn: A small Russian coin. One hundred kopecks make a rouble, worth
about sixty cents. [Written also kopek, copec, and copeck.]

KOPJE
Kop"je, n. [South African D., dim. of kop. See Kop.]

Defn: A hillock; a small kop. [South Africa]

 The colloqual Dutch pronunciation as here given is the usual one in
South Africa.

KORAN
Ko"ran, n. Etym: [Ar. goran. See Alcoran.]

Defn: The Scriptures of the Mohammedans, containing the professed
revelations to Mohammed; -- called also Alcoran. [Written also Kuran
or Quran.]

KORIN
Ko"rin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gazelle.

KORRIGUM
Kor"ri*gum, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African antelope (Damalis Senegalensis), allied to the
sassaby. It is reddish gray, with a black face, and a black stripe on
the outside of the legs above the knees.

KOSHER
Ko"sher, a. [heb. koshër fit, proper.]

Defn: Ceremonially clean, according to Jewish law; --applied to food,
esp. to meat of animals slaughtered according to the requirements of
Jewish law. Opposed to tref. Hence, designating a shop, store, house,
etc., where such food is sold or used.

KOSHER
Ko"sher, n.

Defn: Kosher food; also, a kosher shop.

KOSHER
Ko"sher, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Koshered; p. pr. & vb. n. Koshering.]

Defn: To prepare in conformity with the requirements of the Jewish
law, as meat.

KOSMOS
Kos"mos, n.

Defn: See Cosmos. Gladstone.

KOTOW
Ko*tow", n. Etym: [Chinese, knock head.]

Defn: The prostration made by mandarins and others to their
superiors, either as homage or worship, by knocking the forehead on
the ground. There are degrees in the rite, the highest being
expressed by three knockings. [China]kowtow S. W. Williams.

KOTOW
Ko*tow", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kotowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Kotowing.]

Defn: To perform the kotow.kowtow

KOULAN
Kou"lan, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wild horse (Equus, or Asinus, onager) inhabiting the plants
of Central Asia; -- called also gour, khur, and onager. [Written also
kulan.]

Note: It is sometimes confounded with the dziggetai, to which it is
closely related. It is gray in winter, but fulvous in summer. It has
a well defined, dark, dorsal stripe, and a short, erect mane. In
size, it is intermediate between the horse and ass.

KOUMISS
Kou"miss, n. Etym: [Russ. kumys; of Mongolian origin.]

Defn: An intoxicating fermented or distilled liquor originally made
by the Tartars from mare's or camel's milk. It can be obtained from
any kind of milk, and is now largely made in Europe. [Written also
koumyss, kumiss, kumish, and kumys.]
Koumiss has from time immemorial served the Tartar instead of wine or
spirits. J. H. Newman.

KOUSSO
Kous"so, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An Abyssinian rosaceous tree (Brayera anthelmintica), the
flowers of which are used as a vermifuge. [Written also cusso and
kosso.]

KOWTOW
Kow*tow", n. & v. i.

Defn: The same as Kotow.
I have salaamed and kowtowed to him. H. James.

KRA
Kra, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A long-tailed ape (Macacus cynomolgus) of India and Sumatra. It
is reddish olive, spotted with black, and has a black tail.

KRAAL
Kraal, n. Etym: [D., a village, inclosure, park, prob. fr. Pg. curral
a cattle pen; the same word as Sp. corral. See Corral.]

1. A collection of huts within a stockade; a village; sometimes, a
single hut. [South Africa]

2. An inclosure into which are driven wild elephants which are to be
tamed and educated. [Ceylon]

KRAIT
Krait, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very venomous snake of India (Bungarus coeruleus), allied to
the cobra. Its upper parts are bluish or brownish black, often with
narrow white streaks; the belly is whitish.

KRAKEN
Kra"ken, n. Etym: [Prob. from OSw. krake, or ODan. krage the trunk of
a tree, the branches of which are not entirely cut off, to which it
was likened by the Norwegian mariners.]

Defn: A fabulous Scandinavian sea monster, often represented as
resembling an island, but sometimes as resembling an immense octopus.
To believe all that has been said of the sea serpent or kraken, would
be credulity; to reject the possibility of their existence, would be
presumption. Goldsmith.
Like a kraken huge and black. Longfellow.

KRAKOWIAK
Kra*ko"wi*ak, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A lively Polish dance. See Cracovienne.

KRAMERIA
Kra*me"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. So called after the German botanists, J.
G. H. & W. H. Kramer.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of spreading shrubs with many stems, from one species
of which (K. triandra), found in Peru, rhatany root, used as a
medicine, is obtained.

KRAMERIC
Kra*mer"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, Krameria (rhatany); as,
krameric acid, usually called ratanhia-tannic acid.

KRANG
Krang, n. Etym: [Cf. D. kreng a carcass.]

Defn: The carcass of a whale after the blubber has been removed.
[Written also crang and kreng.]

KRANGING HOOK
Krang"ing hook`. (Whaling)

Defn: A hook for holding the blubber while cutting it away. [Written
also cranging hook.]

KREATIC
Kre*at"ic, a.

Defn: See Creatic.

KREATIN
Kre"a*tin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Creatin.

KREATININ
Kre*at"i*nin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Creatinin.

KREEL
Kreel, n.

Defn: See Creel.

KREMLIN
Krem"lin, n. Etym: [Russ. kremle.]

Defn: The citadel of a town or city; especially, the citadel of
Moscow, a large inclosure which contains imperial palaces,
cathedrals, churches, an arsenal, etc. [Russia]

KREMS
Krems, n.

Defn: A variety of white lead. See Krems lead, under Lead, n.

KRENG
Kreng, n.

Defn: See Krang.

KREOSOTE
Kre"o*sote, n.

Defn: See Creosote.

KREUTZER
Kreut"zer, n. Etym: [G. kreuzer.]

Defn: A small copper coin formerly used in South Germany; also, a
small Austrian copper coin. [Written also kreuzer.]

KRIEGSSPIEL
Kriegs"spiel` (, n. Etym: [G., fr. krieg war + spiel play.]

Defn: A game of war, played for practice, on maps. Farrow.

KRIS
Kris, n.

Defn: A Malay dagger. See Creese.

KRISHNA
Krish"na (, n. Etym: [Skr. (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: The most popular of the Hindoo divinities, usually held to be
the eighth incarnation of the god Vishnu.

KRITARCHY
Kri"tarch*y, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The rule of the judges over Israel.
Samson, Jephthah, Gideon, and other heroes of the kritarchy. Southey.

KROKIDOLITE
Kro*kid"o*lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Crocidolite.

KRONE
Kro"ne, n.Etym: [Dan.]

Defn: A coin of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, of the value of about
twenty-eight cents. See Crown, n., 9.

KROOMAN
Kroo"man, n.; pl. Kroomen (.

Defn: One of a negro tribe of Liberia and the adjacent coast, whose
members are much employed on shipboard.

KRULLER
Krul"ler, n.

Defn: See Cruller.

KRUMMHORN; KRUMHORN
Krumm"horn`, Krum"horn`, n. Etym: [G. krummhorn horn.] (Mus.)
(a) A reed instrument of music of the cornet kind, now obsolete (see
Cornet, 1, a.)
(b) A reed stop in the organ; -- sometimes called cremona.

KRUPP GUN
Krupp" gun"

Defn: . A breech-loading steel cannon manufactured at the works of
Friedrich Krupp, at Essen in Prussia. Guns of over eight-inch bore
are made up of several concentric cylinders; those of a smaller size
are forged solid. Knight.

KRUPPIZE
Krupp"ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kruppized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Kruppizing.] (Metal.)

Defn: To treat by, or subject to, the Krupp process.

KRUPP PROCESS
Krupp process. (Iron Metal.)
 (a) A process practiced by Friedrich Krupp,  Essen, Germany, for
washing pig iron, differing from the Bell process in using manganese
as well as iron oxide, and performed in a Pernot furnace. Called also
the Bell-Krupp process.
 (b) A process for the manufacture of steel armor plates, invented or
practiced by Krupp, the details of which are secret. It is understood
to involve the addition of chromium as well as nickel to the metal,
and to include a treatment like that of the Harvey process with
unknown variations or additions. The product is mentioned by some
authors, as improved Harvey, or Harvey-Krupp armor plate.

KRYOLITE
Kry"o*lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Cryolite.

KRYPTON
Kryp"ton, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  , neut. of  hidden.] (Chem.)

Defn: An inert gaseous element of the argon group, occurring in air
to the extent of about one volume in a million. It was discovered by
Ramsay and Travers in 1898. Liquefying point, -- 152º C.; symbol, Kr;
atomic weight, 83.0.

KSAR
Ksar, n.

Defn: See Czar.

KSHATRIYA; KSHATRUYA
Ksha"tri*ya, Ksha"tru*ya, n.Etym: [Skr. kshatriya one belonging to
the military caste.]

Defn: The military caste, the second of the four great Hindoo castes;
also, a member of that caste. See Caste. [India]

KUDA
Ku"da, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The East Indian tapir. See Tapir.

KUDOS
Ku"dos, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. ky^dos glory.]

Defn: Glory; fame; renown; praise. W. H. Russel.

KUDOS
Ku"dos, v. t.

Defn: To praise; to extol; to glorify. "Kudos'd egregiously." [R.]
Southey.

KUDU
Ku"du, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Koodoo.

KUFIC
Ku"fic, a.

Defn: See Cufic.

KUKANG
Ku*kang", n. (Zoöl.) Etym: [Native name.]

Defn: The slow lemur. See Lemur.

KUKLUX
Ku`klux", n.

Defn: The name adopted in the southern part of the United States by a
secret political organization, active for several years after the
close of the Civil War, and having for its aim the repression of the
political power of the freedmen; -- called also Kuklux Klan.

KULAN
Ku"lan, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Koulan.

KULTURKAMPF
Kul*tur"kampf`, n. [G., fr. kultur, cultur, culture + kampf fight.]
(Ger. Hist.)

Defn: Lit., culture war; -- a name, originating with Virchow (1821 --
1902), given to a struggle between the the Roman Catholic Church and
the German government, chiefly over the latter's efforts to control
educational and ecclesiastical appointments in the interest of the
political policy of centralization. The struggle began with the
passage by the Prussian Diet in May, 1873, of the so-called May laws,
or Falk laws, aiming at the regulation of the clergy. Opposition
eventually compelled the government to change its policy, and from
1880 to 1887 laws virtually nullifying the May laws were enacted.

KUMISH; KUMISS
Ku"mish, Ku"miss, n.

Defn: See Koumiss.

KUMMEL
Kum"mel, n. Etym: [G. kümmel cumin, caraway seed, L. cuminum. Cf.
Cumin.]

Defn: A Russian and German liqueur, consisting of a sweetened spirit
flavored with caraway seeds.

KUMQUAT
Kum"quat, n. Etym: [Chin. kin keu.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small tree of the genus Citrus (C. Japonica) growing in China
and Japan; also, its small acid, orange-colored fruit used for
preserves.

KUPFERNICKEL
Kup"fer*nick"el, n. Etym: [G. See Copper, and Nickel.] (Min.)

Defn: Copper-nickel; niccolite. See Niccolite.

KURD
Kurd, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of a mountainous region of Western Asia
belonging to the Turkish and Persian monarchies. [Written also
Koord.]

KURDISH
Kurd"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Kurds. [Written also Koordish.]

KURILIAN
Ku*ril"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Kurile Islands, a chain of islands in
the Pacific ocean, extending from the southern extremity of
Kamschatka to Yesso.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of the Kurile Islands. [Written also
Koorilian.]

KURO-SIWO
Ku"ro-Siwo, n. [Jap. kuroshio; kuro black + shio tide.]

Defn: See Japan Current, above.

KURSAAL
Kur"saal`, n.Etym: [G.]

Defn: A public hall or room, for the use of visitors at watering
places and health resorts in Germany.

KUSIMANSE
Ku`si*man"se, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carnivorous animal (Crossarchus obscurus) of tropical Africa.
It its allied to the civets. Called also kusimansel, and mangue.

KUSKUS
Kus"kus, Etym: [Per. & Hind. khaskhas.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Vetiver.

KUSSIER
Kus"si*er, n.

Defn: (Mus.) A Turkish instrument of music, with a hollow body
covered with skin, over which five strings are stretched. [Written
also kussir.]

KUTAUSS
Ku*tauss", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The India civet (Viverra zibetha).

KUTCH
Kutch, n. (Goldbeating)

Defn: The packet of vellum leaves in which the gold is first beaten
into thin sheets.

KUTCH
Kutch, n.

Defn: See Catechu.

KY
Ky, n. pl.

Defn: Kine. [Scot.] See Kee, Kie, and Kine.

KYABOCA WOOD
Ky`a*bo"ca wood`. (Bot.)
(a) Amboyna wood.
(b) Sandalwood (Santalum album).

KYACK
Ky"ack, n.

Defn: A pack sack to be swung on either side of a packsaddle.
[Western U. S.]

KYANITE
Ky"an*ite, n.

Defn: See Cyanite.

KYANIZE
Ky"an*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kyanized; p. pr. & vb. n. Kyanizing.]
Etym: [From Mr. Kyan, the inventor of the process.]

Defn: To render (wood) proof against decay by saturating with a
solution of corrosive sublimate in open tanks, or under pressure.

KYANOL
Ky"a*nol, n. Etym: [See Cyanite.] (Chem.)
(a) Aniline. [Obs.]
(b) A base obtained from coal tar. Ure.

KYANOPHYLL
Ky*an"o*phyll, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Cyanophyll.

KYAR
Kyar, n.

Defn: Cocoanut fiber, or the cordage made from it. See Coir.

KYAW
Kyaw, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A daw. [Scot.]

KYD
Kyd,

Defn: p. p. of Kythe.

KYDDE
Kyd"de (,

Defn: imp. of Kythe, to show. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Note: Spenser erroneously uses kydst to mean "knowest."

KYKE
Kyke, v. i. Etym: [See 1st Kike.]

Defn: To look steadfastly; to gaze. [Obs.] [Written also kike, keke.]
This Nicholas sat ever gaping upright, As he had kyked on the newe
moon. Chaucer.

KYLEY
Ky"ley, n.

Defn: A variety of the boomerang.

KYLOES
Ky"loes, n. pl.

Defn: The cattle of the Hebrides, or of the Highlands. [Scot.] Sir W.
Scott.

KYMNEL
Kym"nel, n.

Defn: See Kimnel. [Obs.] Chapman.

KYMOGRAPH
Ky"mo*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring, and recording graphically, the
pressure of the blood in any of the blood vessels of a living animal;
-- called also kymographion.

KYMOGRAPHIC
Ky`mo*graph"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a kymograph; as, a kymographic tracing.

KYMRIC
Kym"ric, a & n.

Defn: See Cymric, a. & n.

KYMRY
Kym"ry, n.

Defn: See Cymry.

KYNREDE
Kyn"rede, n.

Defn: Kindred. [Obs.] Chaucer.

KYNURENIC
Ky`nu*ren"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from the urine
of dogs. By decomposition the acid yields a nitrogenous base (called
kynurin) and carbonic acid. [Written also cynurenic.]

KYRIE
Kyr"i*e, n.

Defn: See Kyrie eleison.

KYRIE ELEISON
Kyr"i*e e*lei"son. Etym: [Gr. ky`rie 'elei^son .]

1. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Greek words, meaning "Lord, have mercy upon us," used in the
Mass, the breviary offices, the litany of the saints, etc. Addis &
Arnold.

2. The name given to the response to the Commandments, in the service
of the Church of England and of the Protestant Episcopal Church.

KYRIELLE
Kyr`i*elle, n. Etym: [Cf. F. kyrielle.]

Defn: A litany beginning with the words. "Kyrie eleison." Shipley.

KYRIOLEXY; KYRIOLOGY
Kyr"i*o*lex`y, Kyr`i*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. Curiologic.]

Defn: The use of literal or simple expressions, as distinguished from
the use of figurative or obscure ones. Krauth-Fleming.

KYRIOLOGICAL
Kyr`i*o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Curiologic.]

Defn: Serving to denote objects by conventional signs or alphabetical
characters; as, the original Greek alphabet of sixteen letters was
called kyriologic, because it represented the pure elementary sounds.
See Curiologic. [Written also curiologic and kuriologic.]

Note: The term is also applied, as by Warburton, to those Egyptian
hieroglyphics, in which a part is put conventionally for the whole,
as in depicting a battle by two hands, one holding a shield and the
other a bow.

KYTHE; KITHE
Kythe, Kithe, v. t. [imp. Kydde, Kidde (kîd"de); p. p. Kythed, Kid;
p. pr. & vb. n. Kything.] Etym: [OE. kythen, kithen, cu, to make
known, AS. c, fr. c known. Uncouth, Ca to be able, and cf. Kith.]

Defn: To make known; to manifest; to show; to declare. [Obs: or
Scot.]
For gentle hearte kytheth gentilesse. Chaucer.

KYTHE
Kythe, v. t.

Defn: To come into view; to appear. [Scot.]
It kythes bright . . . because all is dark around it. Sir W. Scott.

KYTOMITON
Ky*tom"i*ton, n.Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: See Karyomiton.

KYTOPLASMA
Ky`to*plas"ma, n.Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: See Karyoplasma.

L

1. L is the twelfth letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal
consonant. It is usually called a semivowel or liquid. Its form and
value are from the Greek, through the Latin, the form of the Greek
letter being from the Phoenician, and the ultimate origin prob.
Egyptian. Etymologically, it is most closely related to r and u; as
in pilgrim, peregrine, couch (fr. collocare), aubura (fr. LL.
alburnus).

Note: At the end of monosyllables containing a single vowel, it is
often doubled, as in fall, full, bell; but not after digraphs, as in
foul, fool, prowl, growl, foal. In English words, the terminating
syllable le is unaccented, the e is silent, and l is preceded by a
voice glide, as in able, eagle, pronounced a''b'l, ''g'l. See Guide
to Pronunciation, § 241.

2. As a numeral, L stands for fifty in the English, as in the Latin
language.
For 50 the Romans used the Chalcidian chi, I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

L
L, n.

1. An extension at right angles to the length of a main building,
giving to the ground plan a form resembling the letter L; sometimes
less properly applied to a narrower, or lower, extension in the
direction of the length of the main building; a wing. [Written also
ell.]

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A short right-angled pipe fitting, used in connecting two pipes
at right angles. [Written also ell.]

LA
La, n. (Mus.)
(a) A syllable applied to the sixth tone of the scale in music in
solmization.
(b) The tone A; -- so called among the French and Italians.

LA
La, interj. Etym: [Cf. Lo.]

1. Look; see; behold; -- sometimes followed by you. [Obs.] Shak.

2. An exclamation of surprise; -- commonly followed by me; as, La me!
[Low]

LAAGER
Laa"ger (lal"ger or lä"ger), n. [D., also leger. Cf. 2d Leaguer,
Lair.]

Defn: A camp, esp. one with an inclosure of travelers' wagons for
temporary defense. [South Africa]

Wagons . . . can be readily formed into a laager, a camp, by being
drawn into a circle, with the oxen placed inside and so kept safe
from the attacks of wild beasts.
James Bryce.

LAAGER
Laa"ger, v. t. & i. [From Laager, n.]

Defn: To form into, or camp in, a laager, or protected camp.

LAAS
Laas, n.

Defn: A lace. See Lace. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LAB
Lab, v. i. Etym: [Cf. OD. labben to babble.]

Defn: To prate; to gossip; to babble; to blab. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LAB
Lab, n.

Defn: A telltale; a prater; a blabber. [Obs.] "I am no lab." Chaucer.

LABADIST
Lab"a*dist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Jean de Labadie, a religious teacher of the 17th
century, who left the Roman Catholic Church and taught a kind of
mysticism, and the obligation of community of property among
Christians.

LABARRAQUE'S SOLUTION
La`bar`raque's" so*lu"tion. Etym: [From Labarraque, a Parisian
apothecary.] (Med.)

Defn: An aqueous solution of hypochlorite of sodium, extensively used
as a disinfectant.

LABARUM
Lab"a*rum (, n.; pl. Labara. Etym: [L.]

Defn: The standard adopted by the Emperor Constantine after his
conversion to Christianity. It is described as a pike bearing a silk
banner hanging from a crosspiece, and surmounted by a golden crown.
It bore a monogram of the first two letters (CHR) of the name of
Christ in its Greek form. Later, the name was given to various
modifications of this standard.

LABDANUM
Lab"da*num, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Ladanum.

LABEFACTION
Lab`e*fac"tion, n. Etym: [See Labefy.]

Defn: The act of labefying or making weak; the state of being
weakened; decay; ruin.
There is in it such a labefaction of all principles as may be
injurious to morality. Johnson.

LABEFY
Lab"e*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. labefacere; labare to totter + facere to
make.]

Defn: To weaken or impair. [R.]

LABEL
La"bel, n. Etym: [OF. label sort of ribbon or fringe, label in
heraldry, F. lambeau shred, strip, rag; of uncertain origin; cf.
L.labellum, dim. of labrum lip, edge, margin, G. lappen flap, patch,
rag, tatter (cf. Lap of a dress), W. llab, llabed, label, flap, Gael.
leab, leob, slice, shred, hanging lip.]

1. A tassel. [Obs.] Huloet. Fuller.

2. A slip of silk, paper, parchment, etc., affixed to anything,
usually by an inscription, the contents, ownership, destination,
etc.; as, the label of a bottle or a package.

3. A slip of ribbon, parchment, etc., attached to a document to hold
the appended seal; also, the seal.

4. A writing annexed by way of addition, as a codicil added to a
will.

5. (Her.)

Defn: A barrulet, or, rarely, a bendlet, with pendants, or points,
usually three, especially used as a mark of cadency to distinguish an
eldest or only son while his father is still living.

6. A brass rule with sights, formerly used, in connection with a
circumferentor, to take altitudes. Knight.

7. (Gothic Arch.)

Defn: The name now generally given to the projecting molding by the
sides, and over the tops, of openings in mediæval architecture. It
always has a Arch. Pub. Soc.

8. In mediæval art, the representation of a band or scroll containing
an inscription. Fairholt.

LABEL
La"bel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Labeled or Labelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Labeling or Labelling.]

1. To affix a label to; to mark with a name, etc.; as, to label a
bottle or a package.

2. To affix in or on a label. [R.]

LABELER
La"bel*er, n.

Defn: One who labels. [Written also labeller.]

LABELLUM
La*bel"lum, n.; pl. L. Labella, E. Labellums. Etym: [L., dim. of
labrum lip.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The lower or apparently anterior petal of an orchidaceous
flower, often of a very curious shape.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small appendage beneath the upper lip or labrum of certain
insects.

LABENT
La"bent, a. Etym: [L. labens, p. pr. of labi to slide, glide.]

Defn: Slipping; sliding; gliding. [R.]

LABIA
La"bi*a, n. pl.

Defn: See Labium.

LABIAL
La"bi*al, a. Etym: [LL. labialis, fr. L. labium lip: cf. F. labial.
See Lip.]

1. Of or pertaining to the lips or labia; as, labial veins.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Furnished with lips; as, a labial organ pipe.

3. (Phonetics)
(a) Articulated, as a consonant, mainly by the lips, as b, p, m, w.
(b) Modified, as a vowel, by contraction of the lip opening, as oo
(food), o (old), etc., and as eu and u in French, and ö, ü in German.
See Guide to Pronunciation,

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the labium; as, the labial palpi of
insects. See Labium.

LABIAL
La"bi*al, n.

1. (Phonetics)

Defn: A letter or character representing an articulation or sound
formed or uttered chiefly with the lips, as b, p, w.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: An organ pipe that is furnished with lips; a flue pipe.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the scales which border the mouth of a fish or reptile.

LABIALISM
La"bi*al*ism, n. (Phonetics)

Defn: The quality of being labial; as, the labialism of an
articulation; conversion into a labial, as of a sound which is
different in another language. J. Peile.

LABIALIZATION
La`bi*al*i*za"tion, n. (Phonetics)

Defn: The modification of an articulation by contraction of the lip
opening.

LABIALIZE
La"bi*al*ize, v. t. (Phonetics)

Defn: To modify by contraction of the lip opening.

LABIALLY
La"bi*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a labial manner; with, or by means of, the lips.

LABIATE
La"bi*ate, v. t.

Defn: To labialize. Brewer.

LABIATE
La"bi*ate, a. Etym: [NL. labiatus, fr. L. labium lip.] (Bot.)
(a) Having the limb of a tubular corolla or calyx divided into two
unequal parts, one projecting over the other like the lips of a
mouth, as in the snapdragon, sage, and catnip.
(b) Belonging to a natural order of plants (Labiatæ), of which the
mint, sage, and catnip are examples. They are mostly aromatic herbs.

LABIATE
La"bi*ate, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the order Labiatæ.

LABIATED
La"bi*a`ted, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Labiate, a. (a).

LABIATIFLORAL; LABIATIFLORAL
La`bi*a`ti*flo"ral, La`bi*a`ti*flo"ral, a. Etym: [Labiate + L. flos,
floris, flower.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having labiate flowers, as the snapdragon.

LABIDOMETER
Lab`i*dom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr.meter: cf. F. labidometre.] (Med.)

Defn: A forceps with a measuring attachment for ascertaining the size
of the fetal head.

LABILE
La"bile, a. Etym: [L. labilis apt to slip, fr. labi to slip.]

Defn: Liable to slip, err, fall, or apostatize. [Obs.] Cheyne.

LABILITY
La*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Liability to lapse, err, or apostatize. [Archaic] Coleridge.

LABIMETER
La*bim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Cf. F. labimetre.] (Med.)

Defn: See Labidometer.

LABIODENTAL
La`bi*o*den"tal, a. Etym: [Labium + dental.] (Phonetics)

Defn: Formed or pronounced by the cooperation of the lips and teeth,
as f and v.
 -- n.

Defn: A labiodental sound or letter.

LABIONASAL
La`bi*o*na"sal, a. Etym: [Labium + nasal.] (Phonetics)

Defn: Formed by the lips and the nose.
 -- n.

Defn: A labionasal sound or letter.

LABIOPLASTY
La"bi*o*plas`ty (la"bi*o*plas`ty), n. [Labium + -plasty.] (Surg.)

Defn: A plastic operation for making a new lip, or for replacing a
lost tissue of a lip.

LABIOSE
La"bi*ose`, a. Etym: [From Labium.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the appearance of being labiate; -- said of certain
polypetalous corollas.

LABIPALP
La"bi*palp, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A labial palp.

LABIPALPUS
La`bi*pal"pus, n.; pl. Labipalpi (. Etym: [NL. See Labium, and
Palpus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the labial palpi of an insect. See Illust. under Labium.

LABIUM
La"bi*um, n. ; pl. L. Labia, E. Labiums. Etym: [L.]

1. A lip, or liplike organ.

2. The lip of an organ pipe.

3. pl. (Anat.)

Defn: The folds of integument at the opening of the vulva.

4. (Zoöl.)
(a) The organ of insects which covers the mouth beneath, and serves
as an under lip. It consists of the second pair of maxillæ, usually
closely united in the middle line, but bearing a pair of palpi in
most insects. It often consists of a thin anterior part (ligula or
palpiger) and a firmer posterior plate (mentum).
(b) Inner margin of the aperture of a shell.

LABLAB
Lab"lab, n. (Bot.)

Defn: an East Indian name for several twining leguminous plants
related to the bean, but commonly applied to the hyacinth bean
(Delichos Lablab).

LABOR
La"bor, n. Etym: [OE. labour, OF. labour, laber, labur, F. labeur, L.
labor; cf. Gr. labh to get, seize.] [Written also labour.]

1. Physical toil or bodily exertion, especially when fatiguing,
irksome, or unavoidable, in distinction from sportive exercise; hard,
muscular effort directed to some useful end, as agriculture,
manufactures, and like; servile toil; exertion; work.
God hath set Labor and rest, as day and night, to men Successive.
Milton.

2. Intellectual exertion; mental effort; as, the labor of compiling a
history.

3. That which requires hard work for its accomplishment; that which
demands effort.
Being a labor of so great a difficulty, the exact performance thereof
we may rather wish than look for. Hooker.

4. Travail; the pangs and efforts of childbirth.
The queen's in labor, They say, in great extremity; and feared She'll
with the labor end. Shak.

5. Any pang or distress. Shak.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: The pitching or tossing of a vessel which results in the
straining of timbers and rigging.

7. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A measure of land in Mexico and Texas, equivalent to an area of
177 Bartlett.

Syn.
 -- Work; toil; drudgery; task; exertion; effort; industry;
painstaking. See Toll.

LABOR
La"bor, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Labored; p. pr. & vb. n. Laboring.] Etym:
[OE. labouren, F. labourer, L. laborare. See Labor, n.] [Written also
labour.]

1. To exert muscular strength; to exert one's strength with painful
effort, particularly in servile occupations; to work; to toil.
Adam, well may we labor still to dress This garden. Milton.

2. To exert one's powers of mind in the prosecution of any design; to
strive; to take pains.

3. To be oppressed with difficulties or disease; to do one's work
under conditions which make it especially hard, wearisome; to move
slowly, as against opposition, or under a burden; to be burdened; --
often with under, and formerly with of.
The stone that labors up the hill. Granville.
The line too labors,and the words move slow. Pope.
To cure the disorder under which he labored. Sir W. Scott.
Come unto me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give
you rest. Matt. xi. 28

4. To be in travail; to suffer the pangs of childbirth.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: To pitch or roll heavily, as a ship in a turbulent sea. Totten.

LABOR
La"bor, v. t. Etym: [F. labourer, L. laborare.]

1. To work at; to work; to till; to cultivate by toil.
The most excellent lands are lying fallow, or only labored by
children. W. Tooke.

2. To form or fabricate with toil, exertion, or care. "To labor arms
for Troy." Dryden.

3. To prosecute, or perfect, with effort; to urge streas, to labor a
point or argument.

4. To belabor; to beat. [Obs.] Dryden.

LABORANT
Lab"o*rant, n. Etym: [L.laborans, p. pr. of laborare to labor.]

Defn: A chemist. [Obs.] Boyle.

LABORATORY
Lab"o*ra*to*ry, n.; pl. Laboratories. Etym: [Shortened fr.
elaboratory; cf. OF. elaboratoire, F. laboratoire. See Elaborate,
Labor.] [Formerly written also elaboratory.]

Defn: The workroom of a chemist; also, a place devoted to experiments
in any branch of natural science; as, a chemical, physical, or
biological laboratory. Hence, by extension, a place where something
is prepared, or some operation is performed; as, the liver is the
laboratory of the bile.

LABOR DAY
Labor Day.

Defn: In most of the States and Territories of the United States, a
day, usually the first Monday of September, set aside as a legal
holiday, in honor of, or in the interest of, workingmen as a class.
Also, a similar holiday in Canada, Australia, etc.

LABORED
La"bored, a.

Defn: Bearing marks of labor and effort; elaborately wrought; not
easy or natural; as, labored poetry; a labored style.

LABOREDLY
La"bored*ly, adv.

Defn: In a labored manner; with labor.

LABORER
La"bor*er, n. Etym: [Written also labourer.]

Defn: One who labors in a toilsome occupation; a person who does work
that requires strength rather than skill, as distinguished from that
of an artisan.

LABORING
La"bor*ing, a.

1. That labors; performing labor; esp., performing coarse, heavy
work, not requiring skill also, set apart for labor; as, laboring
days.
The sleep of a laboring man is sweet. eccl. v. 12.

2. Suffering pain or grief. Pope. Laboring oar, the oar which
requires most strength and exertion; often used figuratively; as, to
have, or pull, the laboring oar in some difficult undertaking.

LABORIOUS
La*bo"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. laboriosus,fr. labor labor: cf. F.
laborieux.]

1. Requiring labor, perseverance, or sacrifices; toilsome; tiresome.
Dost thou love watchings, abstinence, or toil, Laborious virtues all
Learn these from Cato. Addison.

2. Devoted to labor; diligent; industrious; as, a laborious mechanic.
 -- La*bo"ri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- La*bo"ri*ous*ness, n.

LABORLESS
La"bor*less, a.

Defn: Not involving labor; not laborious; easy.

LABOROUS
La"bor*ous, a.

Defn: Laborious. [Obs.] Wyatt.
 -- La"bor*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

LABOR-SAVING
La"bor-sav`ing, a.

Defn: Saving labor; adapted to supersede or diminish the labor of
men; as, laborsaving machinery.

LABORSOME
La"bor*some, a.

1. Made with, or requiring, great labor, pains, or diligence. [Obs.]
Shak.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Likely or inclined to roll or pitch, as a ship in a heavy sea;
having a tendency to labor.

LABRADOR
Lab`ra*dor", n.

Defn: A region of British America on the Atlantic coast, north of
Newfoundland. Labrador duck (Zoöl.), a sea duck (Camtolaimus
Labradorius) allied to the eider ducks. It was formerly common on the
coast of New England, but is now supposed to be extinct, no specimens
having been reported since 1878.
 -- Labrador feldspar. See Labradorite.
 -- Labrador tea (Bot.), a name of two low, evergreen shrubs of the
genus Ledum (L. palustre and L. latifolium), found in Northern Europe
and America. They are used as tea in British America, and in
Scandinavia as a substitute for hops.

LABRADORITE
Lab"ra*dor`ite (, n. (Min.)

Defn: A kind of feldspar commonly showing a beautiful play of colors,
and hence much used for ornamental purposes. The finest specimens
come from Labrador. See Feldspar.

LABRAS
La"bras, n. pl. Etym: [L.labrum; cf. It. labbro, pl. labbra.]

Defn: Lips. [Obs. & R.] Shak.

LABRET
La"bret, n. [L. labrum lip.] (Anthropology)

Defn: A piece of wood, shell, stone, or other substance, worn in a
perforation of the lip or cheek by many savages.

LABROID
La"broid, a. Etym: [Labrus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like the genus Labrus; belonging to the family Labridæ, an
extensive family of marine fishes, often brilliantly colored, which
are very abundant in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The tautog and
cunner are American examples.

LABROSE
La"brose`, a. Etym: [L. labrosus, fr. labrum lip.]

Defn: Having thick lips.

LABRUM
La"brum, n.; pl. L. Labra, E. Labrums. Etym: [L.]

1. A lip or edge, as of a basin.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) An organ in insects and crustaceans covering the upper part of
the mouth, and serving as an upper lip. See Illust. of Hymenoptera.
(b) The external margin of the aperture of a shell. See Univalve.

LABRUS
La"brus, n.; pl. Labri (-bri). Etym: [L., a sort of fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine fishes, including the wrasses of Europe. See
Wrasse.

LABURNIC
La*bur`nic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the laburnum.

LABURNINE
La*bur`nine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous alkaloid found in the unripe seeds of the laburnum.

LABURNUM
La*bur"num, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small leguminous tree (Cytisus Laburnum), native of the Alps.
The plant is reputed to be poisonous, esp. the bark and seeds. It has
handsome racemes of yellow blossoms.

Note: Scotch laburnum (Cytisus alpinus) is similar, but has smooth
leaves; purple laburnum is C. purpureus.

LABYRINTH
Lab"y*rinth, n. Etym: [L. labyrinthus, Gr. laby`rinthos: cf. F.
labyrinthe.]

1. An edifice or place full of intricate passageways which render it
difficult to find the way from the interior to the entrance; as, the
Egyptian and Cretan labyrinths.

2. Any intricate or involved inclosure; especially, an ornamental
maze or inclosure in a park or garden.

3. Any object or arrangement of an intricate or involved form, or
having a very complicated nature.
The serpent . . . fast sleeping soon he found, In labyrinth of many a
round self-rolled. Milton.
The labyrinth of the mind. Tennyson.

4. An inextricable or bewildering difficulty.
I' the maze and winding labyrinths o' the world. Denham.

5. (Anat.)

Defn: The internal ear. See Note under Ear.

6. (Metal.)

Defn: A series of canals through which a stream of water is directed
for suspending, carrying off, and depositing at different distances,
the ground ore of a metal. Ure.

7. (Arch.)

Defn: A pattern or design representing a maze, -- often inlaid in the
tiled floor of a church, etc.

Syn.
 -- Maze; confusion; intricacy; windings.
 -- Labyrinth, Maze. Labyrinth, originally; the name of an edifice or
excavation, carries the idea of design, and construction in a
permanent form, while maze is used of anything confused or confusing,
whether fixed or shifting. Maze is less restricted in its figurative
uses than labyrinth. We speak of the labyrinth of the ear, or of the
mind, and of a labyrinth of difficulties; but of the mazes of the
dance, the mazes of political intrigue, or of the mind being in a
maze.

LABYRINTHAL
Lab`y*rin"thal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a labyrinth; intricate;
labyrinthian.

LABYRINTHIAN
Lab`y*rin"thi*an (, a.

Defn: Intricately winding; like a labyrinth; perplexed; labyrinthal.

LABYRINTHIBRANCH
Lab`y*rin"thi*branch, a. Etym: [See Labyrinth, and Branchia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Labyrinthici.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Labyrinthici.

LABYRINTHIC; LABYRINTHICAL
Lab`y*rin"thic, Lab`y*rin`thic*al, a. Etym: [L. labyrinthicus: cf. F.
labyrinthique.]

Defn: Like or pertaining to a labyrinth.

LABYRINTHICI
Lab`y*rin"thi*ci, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Labyrinth.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of teleostean fishes, including the Anabas, or
climbing perch, and other allied fishes.

Note: They have, connected with the gill chamber, a special cavity in
which a labyrinthiform membrane is arranged so as to retain water to
supply the gills while the fish leaves the water and travels about on
land, or even climbs trees.

LABYRINTHIFORM
Lab`y*rin"thi*form, a. Etym: [Labyrinth + -form: cf. F.
labyrinthiforme.]

Defn: Having the form of a labyrinth; intricate.

LABYRINTHINE
Lab`y*rin"thine, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, a labyrinth; labyrinthal.

LABYRINTHODON
Lab`y*rin"tho*don, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of very large fossil amphibians, of the Triassic
period, having bony plates on the under side of the body. It is the
type of the order Labyrinthodonta. Called also Mastodonsaurus.

LABYRINTHODONT
Lab`y*rin"tho*dont, a. (Paleon.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Labyrinthodonta.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Labyrinthodonta.

LABYRINTHODONTA
Lab`y*rin`tho*don"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Labyrinthodon.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct order of Amphibia, including the typical genus
Labyrinthodon, and many other allied forms, from the Carboniferous,
Permian, and Triassic formations. By recent writers they are divided
into two or more orders. See Stegocephala.

LAC; LAKH
Lac, Lakh (, n. Etym: [Hind. lak, lakh, laksh, Skr. laksha a mark,
sign, lakh.]

Defn: One hundred thousand; also, a vaguely great number; as, a lac
of rupees. [Written also lack.] [East Indies]

LAC
Lac, n. Etym: [Per. lak; akin to Skr. laksha: cf. F. lague, It. & NL.
lacca. Cf. Lake a color, Lacquer, Litmus.]

Defn: A resinous substance produced mainly on the banyan tree, but to
some extent on other trees, by the Coccus lacca, a scale-shaped
insect, the female of which fixes herself on the bark, and exudes
from the margin of her body this resinous substance.

Note: Stick-lac is the substance in its natural state, incrusting
small twigs. When broken off, and the coloring matter partly removed,
the granular residuum is called seed-lac. When melted, and reduced to
a thin crust, it is called shell-lac or shellac. Lac is an important
ingredient in sealing wax, dyes, varnishes, and lacquers. Ceylon lac,
a resinous exudation of the tree Croton lacciferum, resembling lac.
 -- Lac dye, a scarlet dye obtained from stick-lac.
 -- Lac lake, the coloring matter of lac dye when precipitated from
its solutions by alum.
 -- Mexican lac, an exudation of the tree Croton Draco.

LACCIC
Lac"cic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. laccique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to lac, or produced from it; as, laccic acid.

LACCIN
Lac"cin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. laccine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow amorphous substance obtained from lac.

LACCOLITE; LACCOLITH
Lac"co*lite, Lac"co*lith, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite, -lith.] (Geol.)

Defn: A mass of igneous rock intruded between sedimentary beds and
resulting in a mammiform bulging of the overlying strata.
 -- Lac`co*lit"ic, a.

LACE
Lace (las), n. Etym: [OE. las, OF. laz, F. lacs, dim. lacet, fr. L.
laqueus noose, snare; prob. akin to lacere to entice. Cf. Delight,
Elicit, Lasso, Latchet.]

1. That which binds or holds, especially by being interwoven; a
string, cord, or band, usually one passing through eyelet or other
holes, and used in drawing and holding together parts of a garment,
of a shoe, of a machine belt, etc.
His hat hung at his back down by a lace. Chaucer.
For striving more, the more in laces strong Himself he tied. Spenser.

2. A snare or gin, especially one made of interwoven cords; a net.
[Obs.] Fairfax.
Vulcanus had caught thee [Venus] in his lace. Chaucer.

3. A fabric of fine threads of linen, silk, cotton, etc., often
ornamented with figures; a delicate tissue of thread, much worn as an
ornament of dress.
Our English dames are much given to the wearing of costlylaces.
Bacon.

4. Spirits added to coffee or some other beverage. [Old Slang]
Addison. Alencon lace, a kind of point lace, entirely of needlework,
first made at Alencon in France, in the 17th century. It is very
durable and of great beauty and cost.
 -- Bone lace, Brussels lace, etc. See under Bone, Brussels, etc.
 -- Gold lace, or Silver lace, lace having warp threads of silk, or
silk and cotton, and a weft of silk threads covered with gold (or
silver), or with gilt.
 -- Lace leather, thin, oil-tanned leather suitable for cutting into
lacings for machine belts.
 -- Lace lizard (Zoöl.), a large, aquatic, Australian lizard
(Hydrosaurus giganteus), allied to the monitors.
 -- Lace paper, paper with an openwork design in imitation of lace.
 -- Lace piece (Shipbuilding), the main piece of timber which
supports the beak or head projecting beyond the stem of a ship.
 -- Lace pillow, and Pillow lace. See under Pillow.

LACE
Lace, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Laced (ast); p. pr. & vb. n. Lacing.]

1. To fasten with a lace; to draw together with a lace passed through
eyelet holes; to unite with a lace or laces, or, figuratively. with
anything resembling laces. Shak.
When Jenny's stays are newly laced. Prior.

2. To adorn with narrow strips or braids of some decorative material;
as, cloth laced with silver. Shak.

3. To beat; to lash; to make stripes on. [Colloq.]
I'll lace your coat for ye. L'Estrange.

4. To add spirits to (a beverage). [Old Slang]

LACE
Lace, v. i.

Defn: To be fastened with a lace, or laces; as, these boots lace.

LACE-BARK
Lace"-bark`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A shrub in the West Indies (Lagetta Iintearia); -- so called
from the lacelike layers of its inner bark.

LACED
Laced, a.

1. Fastened with a lace or laces; decorated with narrow strips or
braid. See Lace, v. t.

2. Decorated with the fabric lace.
A shirt with laced ruffles. Fielding.
Laced mutton, a prostitute. [Old slang] -- Laced stocking, a strong
stocking which can be tightly laced; -- used in cases of weak legs,
varicose veins, etc. Dunglison.

LACEDAEMONIAN
Lac`e*dæ*mo"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Lacedamonius, Gr. Lakedaimo`nios, fr.
Lakedai`mwn Lacedæmon.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Lacedæmon or Sparta, the chief city of
Laconia in the Peloponnesus.
 -- n.

Defn: A Spartan. [Written also Lacedemonian.]

LACEMAN
Lace"man, n.; pl. Lacemen (.

Defn: A man who deals in lace.

LACERABLE
Lac"er*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. lacerabilis: cf. F. lacérable.]Etym:

Defn: That can be lacerated or torn.

LACERATE
Lac"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lacerated; p. pr. & vb. n. Lacerating
().] Etym: [L. laceratus, p. p. of lacerare to lacerate, fr. lacer
mangled, lacerated; cf. Gr. slay.]

Defn: To tear; to rend; to separate by tearing; to mangle; as, to
lacerate the flesh. Hence: To afflict; to torture; as, to lacerate
the heart.

LACERATE; LACERATED
Lac"er*ate, Lac"er*a`ted, p. a. Etym: [L. laceratus, p. p.]

1. Rent; torn; mangled; as, a lacerated wound.
By each other's fury lacerate Southey.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Jagged, or slashed irregularly, at the end, or along the edge.

LACERATION
Lac`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L.laceratio: cf. F. lacération.]

1. The act of lacerating.

2. A breach or wound made by lacerating. Arbuthnot.

LACERATIVE
Lac"er*a*tive, a.

Defn: Lacerating, or having the power to lacerate; as, lacerative
humors. Harvey.

LACERT
La"cert, n. Etym: [OE. lacerte. See Lacertus.]

Defn: A muscle of the human body. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LACERTA
La*cer"ta, n. Etym: [L. lacertus the arm.]

Defn: A fathom. [Obs.] Domesday Book.

LACERTA
La*cer"ta, n. Etym: [L. a lizard. See Lizard.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of lizards. See Lizard.

Note: Formerly it included nearly all the known lizards. It is now
restricted to certain diurnal Old World species, like the green
lizard (Lacerta viridis) and the sand lizard (L. agilis), of Europe.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The Lizard, a northern constellation.

LACERTIAN
La*cer"tian, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lacertien.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like a lizard; of or pertaining to the Lacertilia.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Lacertilia.

LACERTILIA
Lac`er*til"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L.lacertus a lizard.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Reptilia, which includes the lizards.

Note: They are closely related to the snakes, and life the latter,
usually have the body covered with scales or granules. They usually
have eyelids, and most of then have well-formed legs; but in some
groups (amphisbæna, glass-snake, etc.) the legs are wanting and the
body is serpentlike. None are venomous, unless Heloderma be an
exception. The order includes the chameleons, the Cionocrania, or
typical lizards, and the amphisbænas. See Amphisbæna, Gecko, Gila
monster, and Lizard.

LACERTILIAN
Lac`er*til"i*an (-an), a. & n.

Defn: Same as Lacertian.

LACERTILOID
La*cer"ti*loid, a. Etym: [Lacertilia + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or belonging to the Lacertilia.

LACERTINE
La*cer"tine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Lacertian.

LACERTUS
La*cer"tus, n.; pl. Lacerti (-ti). Etym: [L., the upper arm.] (Anat.)

Defn: A bundle or fascicle of muscular fibers.

LACEWING
Lace"wing`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of neuropterous insects of the genus
Chrysopa and allied genera. They have delicate, lacelike wings and
brilliant eyes. Their larvæ are useful in destroying aphids. Called
also lace-winged fly, and goldeneyed fly.

LACE-WINGED
Lace"-winged`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having thin, transparent, reticulated wings; as, the lace-
winged flies.

LACHES; LACHE
Lach"es, Lache, n. Etym: [OF. lachesse, fr. lache lax, indolent, F.
lâche, ultimately fr. L. laxus loose, lax. See Lax.] (Law)

Defn: Neglect; negligence; remissness; neglect to do a thing at the
proper time; delay to assert a claim.
It ill became him to take advantage of such a laches with the
eagerness of a shrewd attorney. Macaulay.

LACHRYMABLE
Lach"ry*ma*ble, a. Etym: [L. lacrimabilis, fr. lacrima a tear.]

Defn: Lamentable. Martin Parker.

LACHRYMAE CHRISTI
Lach"ry*mæ Chris"ti. Etym: [L., lit., Christ's tears.]

Defn: A rich, sweet, red Neapolitan wine.

LACHRYMAL
Lach"ry*mal (, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lacrymal. See Lachrymose.]

1. Of or pertaining to tears; as, lachrymal effusions.

2. (Anat.)
(a) Pertaining to, or secreting, tears; as, the lachrymal gland.
(b) Pertaining to the lachrymal organs; as, lachrymal bone; lachrymal
duct.

LACHRYMAL
Lach"ry*mal, n.

Defn: See Lachrymatory.

LACHRYMALS
Lach"ry*mals, n. pl. [See Lachrymal.]

Defn: Tears; also, lachrymal feelings or organs. [Colloq.]

People go to the theaters to have . . . their risibles and lachrymals
set agoing.
The Lutheran.

LACHRYMARY
Lach"ry*ma*ry, a.

Defn: Containing, or intended to contain, tears; lachrymal. Addison.

LACHRYMATE
Lach"ry*mate (-mat), v. i.

Defn: To weep. [R.] Blount.

LACHRYMATION
Lach`ry*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. lacrimatio, from lacrimare to shed
tears, fr. lacrima tear.]

Defn: The act of shedding tears; weeping.

LACHRYMATORY
Lach"ry*ma*to*ry, n.; pl. -ries. Etym: [Cf. F. lacrymatoire.]
(Antiq.)

Defn: A "tear-bottle;" a narrow-necked vessel found in sepulchers of
the ancient Romans; -- so called from a former notion that the tears
of the deceased person's friends were collected in it. Called also
lachrymal or lacrymal.

LACHRYMIFORM
Lach"ry*mi*form, a, Etym: [L.lacrima tear + -form; cf. F.
lacrymiforme.]

Defn: Having the form of a tear; tear-shaped.

LACHRYMOSE
Lach"ry*mose`, a. Etym: [L. lacrymosus, better lacrimosus, fr.
lacrima, lacruma (also badly spelt lachryma) a tear, for older
dacrima, akin to E. tear. See Tear the secretion.]

Defn: Generating or shedding tears; given to shedding tears; suffused
with tears; tearful.
You should have seen his lachrymose visnomy. Lamb.
-- Lach"ry*mose`ly, adv.

LACING
La"cing, n.

1. The act of securing, fastening, or tightening, with a lace or
laces.

2. A lace; specifically (Mach.), a thong of thin leather for uniting
the ends of belts.

3. A rope or line passing through eyelet holes in the edge of a sail
or an awning to attach it to a yard, gaff, etc.

4. (Bridge Building)

Defn: A system of bracing bars, not crossing each other in the
middle, connecting the channel bars of a compound strut. Waddell.

LACINIA
La*cin"i*a, n.; pl. L. Laciniæ. Etym: [L., the lappet or flap of a
garment.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) One of the narrow, jagged, irregular pieces or divisions which
form a sort of fringe on the borders of the petals of some flowers.
(b) A narrow, slender portion of the edge of a monophyllous calyx, or
of any irregularly incised leaf.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The posterior, inner process of the stipes on the maxillæ of
insects.

LACINIATE; LACINIATED
La*cin"i*ate, La*cin"i*a"ted, a. Etym: [See Lacinia.]

1. Fringed; having a fringed border.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Cut into deep, narrow, irregular lobes; slashed.

LACINIOLATE
La*cin"i*o*late, a. Etym: [See Lacinia.] (Bot.)

Defn: Consisting of, or abounding in, very minute laciniæ.

LACINULA
La*cin"u*la, n.; pl. Lacinulæ, E. Lacinulas. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A diminutive lacinia.

LACK
Lack, n. Etym: [OE. lak; cf. D. lak slander, laken to blame, OHG.
lahan, AS. leán.]

1. Blame; cause of blame; fault; crime; offense. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Deficiency; want; need; destitution; failure; as, a lack of
sufficient food.
She swooneth now and now for lakke of blood. Chaucer.
Let his lack of years be no impediment. Shak.

LACK
Lack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lacked; p. pr. & vb. n. Lacking.]

1. To blame; to find fault with. [Obs.]
Love them and lakke them not. Piers Plowman.

2. To be without or destitute of; to want; to need.
If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God. James i. 5.

LACK
Lack, v. i.

1. To be wanting; often, impersonally, with of, meaning, to be less
than, short, not quite, etc.
What hour now I think it lacks of twelve. Shak.
Peradventure there shall lack five of the fifty. Gen. xvii. 28.

2. To be in want.
The young lions do lack, and suffer hunger. Ps. xxxiv. 10.

LACK
Lack, interj. Etym: [Cf. Alack.]

Defn: Exclamation of regret or surprise. [Prov. Eng.] Cowper.

LACKADAISICAL
Lack`a*dai"si*cal, a. Etym: [From Lackadaisy, interj.]

Defn: Affectedly pensive; languidly sentimental.
 -- Lack`a*dai"si*cal*ly, adv.

LACKADAISY
Lack"a*dai`sy, interj. Etym: [From Lackaday, interj.]

Defn: An expression of languor.

LACKADAISY
Lack"a*dai`sy, a.

Defn: Lackadaisical.

LACKADAY
Lack"a*day`, interj. Etym: [Abbreviated from alackaday.]

Defn: Alack the day; alas; -- an expression of sorrow, regret,
dissatisfaction, or surprise.

LACKBRAIN
Lack"brain`, n.

Defn: One who is deficient in understanding; a witless person. Shak.

LACKER
Lack"er, n.

Defn: One who lacks or is in want.

LACKER
Lack"er, n. & v.

Defn: See Lacquer.

LACKEY
Lack"ey, n.; pl. Lackeys. Etym: [F. laquais; cf. Sp. & Pg. lacayo; of
uncertain origin; perh. of German origin, and akin to E.lick, v.]

Defn: An attending male servant; a footman; a servile follower.
Like a Christian footboy or a gentleman's lackey. Shak.
Lackey caterpillar (Zoöl.), the caterpillar, or larva, of any
bombycid moth of the genus Clisiocampa; -- so called from its party-
colored markings. The common European species (C. neustria) is
striped with blue, yellow, and red, with a white line on the back.
The American species (C. Americana and C. sylvatica) are commonly
called tent caterpillars. See Tent caterpillar,under Tent.
 -- Lackey moth (Zoöl.), the moth which produces the lackey
caterpillar.

LACKEY
Lack"ey, v. t.

Defn: To attend as a lackey; to wait upon.
A thousand liveried angels lackey her. Milton.

LACKEY
Lack"ey, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lackeyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Lackeying.]

Defn: To act or serve as lackey; to pay servile attendance.

LACKLUSTER; LACKLUSTRE
Lack"lus`ter, Lack"lus`tre, n.

Defn: A want of luster.
 -- a.

Defn: Wanting luster or brightness. "Lackluster eye." Shak.

LACMUS
Lac"mus, n.

Defn: See Litmus.

LACONIAN
La*co"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Laconia, a division of ancient Greece;
Spartan.
 -- n.

Defn: An inhabitant of Laconia; esp., a Spartan.

LACONIC; LACONICAL
La*con"ic, La*con"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. Laconicus Laconian, Gr.
laconique.]

1. Expressing much in few words, after the manner of the Laconians or
Spartans; brief and pithy; brusque; epigrammatic. In this sense
laconic is the usual form.
I grow laconic even beyond laconicism; for sometimes I return only
yes, or no, to questionary or petitionary epistles of half a yard
long. Pope.
His sense was strong and his style laconic. Welwood.

2. Laconian; characteristic of, or like, the Spartans; hence, stern
or severe; cruel; unflinching.
His head had now felt the razor, his back the rod; all that laconical
discipline pleased him well. Bp. Hall.

Syn.
 -- Short; brief; concise; succinct; sententious; pointed; pithy.
 -- Laconic, Concise. Concise means without irrelevant or superfluous
matter; it is the opposite of diffuse. Laconic means concise with the
additional quality of pithiness, sometimes of brusqueness.

LACONIC
La*con"ic, n.

Defn: Laconism. [Obs.] Addison.

LACONICAL
La*con"ic*al, a.

Defn: See Laconic, a.

LACONICALLY
La*con"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a laconic manner.

LACONICISM
La*con"I*cism, n.

Defn: Same as Laconism. Pope.

LACONISM
Lac"o*nism, n. Etym: [Gr. laconisme.]

1. A vigorous, brief manner of expression; laconic style.

2. An instance of laconic style or expression.

LACONIZE
Lac"o*nize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Laconized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Laconizing.] Etym: [Gr. Laconic.]

Defn: To imitate the manner of the Laconians, especially in brief,
pithy speech, or in frugality and austerity.

LACQUER
Lac"quer, n. Etym: [F. lacre a sort of sealing wax, Pg. lacte, fr.
laca lac. See Lac the resin.] [Written also lacker.]

Defn: A varnish, consisting of a solution of shell-lac in alcohol,
often colored with gamboge, saffron, or the like; -- used for
varnishing metals, papier-maché, and wood. The name is also given to
varnishes made of other ingredients, esp. the tough, solid varnish of
the Japanese, with which ornamental objects are made.

LACQUER
Lac"quer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lacquered; p. pr. & vb. n. Lacquering.]

Defn: To cover with lacquer. "Lacquer'd chair." Pope.

LACQUERER
Lac"quer*er, n.

Defn: One who lacquers, especially one who makes a business of
lacquering.

LACQUERING
Lac"quer*ing, n.

Defn: The act or business of putting on lacquer; also, the coat of
lacquer put on.

LACRIMOSO
La`cri*mo"so, a. Etym: [It. See Lachrymose.] (Mus.)

Defn: Plaintive; -- a term applied to a mournful or pathetic movement
or style. Moore.

LACROSSE
La*crosse", n. Etym: [F. la crosse, lit., the crosier, hooked stick.
Cf. Crosier.]

Defn: A game of ball, originating among the North American Indians,
now the popular field sport of Canada, and played also in England and
the United States. Each player carries a long-handled racket, called
a "crosse". The ball is not handled but caught with the crosse and
carried on it, or tossed from it, the object being to carry it or
throw it through one of the goals placed at opposite ends of the
field.

LACRYMAL
Lac"ry*mal, n. & a.

Defn: See Lachrymatory, n., and Lachrymal, a.

LACRYMARY; LACRYTORY; LACRYMOSE
Lac"ry*ma*ry, Lac"ry*to*ry, Lac"ry*mose.

Defn: See Lachrymary, Lachrymatory, Lachrymose.

LACTAGE
Lac"tage, n. Etym: [L. lac, lactis, milk: cf. F. laitage. See
Lacteal.]

Defn: The produce of animals yielding milk; milk and that which is
made from it.

LACTAM
Lac"tam, n. Etym: [Lactone + amido.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of anhydrides of an amido type, analogous to
the lactones, as oxindol.

LACTAMIC
Lac*tam"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an amido acid related to lactic
acid, and called also amido-propionic acid.

LACTAMIDE
Lac*tam"ide, n. Etym: [Lactic + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: An acid amide derived from lactic acid, and obtained as a white
crystalline substance having a neutral reaction. It is metameric with
alanine.

LACTANT
Lac"tant, a. Etym: [L. lactans, p. pr. of lactare to suck, fr. lac,
lactis, milk.]

Defn: Suckling; giving suck.

LACTARENE
Lac"ta*rene, n. Etym: [L. lac, lactis, milk.]

Defn: A preparation of casein from milk, used in printing calico.

LACTARY
Lac"ta*ry, a. Etym: [l. lactarius, fr. lac, lactis, milk: cf. F.
lactaire.]

Defn: Milky; full of white juice like milk. [Obs.] "Lactary or milky
plants." Sir T. Browne.

LACTARY
Lac"ta*ry, n.

Defn: a dairyhouse. [R.]

LACTATE
Lac"tate, n. Etym: [L. lac, lactis, milk: cf. F. lactate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of lactic acid.

LACTATION
Lac*ta"tion, n.

Defn: A giving suck; the secretion and yielding of milk by the
mammary gland.

LACTEAL
Lac"te*al, a. Etym: [L. lacteus milky, fr. lac, lactis, milk. Cf.
Galaxy, Lettuce.]

1. Pertaining to, or resembling, milk; milky; as, the lacteal fluid.

2. (Anat. & Physiol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, chyle; as, the lacteal vessels.

LACTEAL
Lac"te*al, n. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the lymphatic vessels which convey chyle from the small
intestine through the mesenteric glands to the thoracic duct; a
chyliferous vessel.

LACTEALLY
Lac"te*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Milkily; in the manner of milk.

LACTEAN
Lac"te*an, a. Etym: [See Lacteal.]

1. Milky; consisting of, or resembling, milk. "This lactean
whiteness." Moxon.

2. (Anat. & Physiol.)

Defn: Lacteal; conveying chyle.

LACTEOUS
Lac"te*ous, a. Etym: [See Lacteal.]

1. Milky; resembling milk. "The lacteous circle." Sir T. Browne.

2. Lacteal; conveying chyle; as, lacteous vessels.

LACTEOUSLY
Lac"te*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lacteous manner; after the manner of milk.

LACTESCENCE
Lac*tes"cence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lactescence.]

1. The state or quality of producing milk, or milklike juice;
resemblance to milk; a milky color.
This lactescence does commonly ensue when . . . fair water is
suddenly poured upon the solution. Boyle.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The latex of certain plants. See Latex.

LACTESCENT
Lac*tes"cent, a. Etym: [L. lactescens, p. pr. of lactescere to turn
to milk, incho. fr. lactere to be milky, fr. lac, lactis, milk: cf.
F. lactescent.]

1. Having a milky look; becoming milky. [Obs.]

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Producing milk or a milklike juice or fluid, as the milkweed.
See Latex.

LACTIC
Lac"tic, a. Etym: [L. lac, lactis, milk: cf. F. lactique. See
Lacteal, and cf. Galactic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to milk; procured from sour milk or whey; as,
lactic acid; lactic fermentation, etc. Lactic acid (Physiol. Chem.),
a sirupy, colorless fluid, soluble in water, with an intensely sour
taste and strong acid reaction. There are at least three isomeric
modifications all having the formula C3H6O3. Sarcolactic or
paralactic acid occurs chiefly in dead muscle tissue, while ordinary
lactic acid results from fermentation. The two acids are alike in
having the same constitution (expressed by the name ethylidene lactic
acid), but the latter is optically inactive, while sarcolactic acid
rotates the plane of polarization to the right. The third acid,
ethylene lactic acid, accompanies sarcolactic acid in the juice of
flesh, and is optically inactive.
 -- Lactic ferment, an organized ferment (Bacterium lacticum or
lactis), which produces lactic fermentation, decomposing the sugar of
milk into carbonic and lactic acids, the latter, of which renders the
milk sour, and precipitates the casein, thus giving rise to the so-
called spontaneous coagulation of milk.
 -- Lactic fermentation. See under Fermentation.

LACTIDE
Lac"tide, n. Etym: [Lactic + anhydride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline substance, obtained from also, by
extension, any similar substance.

LACTIFEROUS
Lac*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [l. lac, lactis, milk + -ferous: cf. F.
lactifère.]

Defn: Bearing or containing milk or a milky fluid; as, the
lactiferous vessels, cells, or tissue of various vascular plants.

LACTIFIC; LACTIFICAL
Lac*tif"ic, Lac*tif"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. lac, lactis, milk + facere to
make.]

Defn: Producing or yielding milk.

LACTIFUGE
Lac"ti*fuge, n. Etym: [L. lac, lactis, milk + fugare to expel.]
(Med.)

Defn: A medicine to check the secretion of milk, or to dispel a
supposed accumulation of milk in any part of the body.

LACTIM
Lac"tim, n. Etym: [Lactic + imido.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of anhydrides resembling the lactams, but of an
imido type; as, isatine is a lactim. Cf. Lactam.

LACTIMIDE
Lac*tim"ide, n. Etym: [Lactic + imide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline substance obtained as an anhydride of
alanine, and regarded as an imido derivative of lactic acid.

LACTIN
Lac"tin, n. Etym: [L. lac, lactis, milk: cf. F. lactine. Cf.
Galactin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: See Lactose.

LACTOABUMIN
Lac`to*a*bu"min, n. Etym: [L. lac, lactis, milk + E. albumin.]
(Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The albumin present on milk, apparently identical with ordinary
serum albumin. It is distinct from the casein of milk.

LACTOBUTYROMETER
Lac`to*bu`ty*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. lac, lactis, milk + E.
butyrometer.]

Defn: An instrument for determining the amount of butter fat
contained in a given sample of milk.

LACTODENSIMETER
Lac`to*den*sim"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. lac, lactis, milk + E.
densimeter.]

Defn: A form of hydrometer, specially graduated, for finding the
density of milk, and thus discovering whether it has been mixed with
water or some of the cream has been removed.

LACTOMETER
Lac*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. lac, lactis, milk + meter: cf. F.
lactomètre. Cf. Galactometer.]

Defn: An instrument for estimating the purity or richness of milk, as
a measuring glass, a specific gravity bulb, or other apparatus.

LACTONE
Lac"tone, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of organic compounds, regarded as anhydrides of
certain hydroxy acids. In general, they are colorless liquids, having
a weak aromatic odor. They are so called because the typical lactone
is derived from lactic acid.

LACTONIC
Lac*ton"ic, a. Etym: [From Lactone.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, lactone.

LACTONIC
Lac*ton"ic, a. Etym: [From Lactose.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the
oxidation of milk sugar (lactose).

LACTOPROTEIN
Lac`to*pro"te*in, n. Etym: [L.lac, lactis,milk + E. protein.]
(Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A peculiar albuminous body considered a normal constituent of
milk.

LACTORY
Lac"to*ry, a.

Defn: Lactiferous. [Obs.] "Lactory or milky plants." Sir T. Browne.

LACTOSCOPE
Lac"to*scope, n. Etym: [L. lac, lactis + scope.]

Defn: An instrument for estimating the amount of cream contained in
milk by ascertaining its relative opacity.

LACTOSE
Lac"tose`, n.

1. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Sugar of milk or milk sugar; a crystalline sugar present in
milk, and separable from the whey by evaporation and crystallization.
It has a slightly sweet taste, is dextrorotary, and is much less
soluble in water than either cane sugar or glucose. Formerly called
lactin.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: See Galactose.

LACTUCA
Lac*tu"ca, n. Etym: [L., lettuce. See Lettuce.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of composite herbs, several of which are cultivated foe
salad; lettuce.

LACTUCARIUM
Lac`tu*ca"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. lactuca lettuce.]

Defn: The inspissated juice of the common lettuce, sometimes used as
a substitute for opium.

LACTUCIC
Lac*tu"cic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the juice of the Lactuca
virosa; -- said of certain acids.

LACTUCIN
Lac*tu"cin, n. Etym: [From Lactuca: cf. F. lactucine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline substance, having a bitter taste and a
neutral reaction, and forming one of the essential ingredients of
lactucarium.

LACTUCONE
Lac*tu"cone, n. Etym: [From Lactuca.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline, tasteless substance, found in the milky
sap of species of Lactuca, and constituting an essential ingredient
of lactucarium.

LACTURAMIC
Lac`tu*ram"ic (, a. Etym: [Lactic + urea + amic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an organic amido acid, which is
regarded as a derivative of lactic acid and urea.

LACTYL
Lac"tyl, n. Etym: [Lactic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: An organic residue or radical derived from lactic acid.

LACUNA
La*cu"na, n.; pl. L. Lacunæ; E. Lacunas. Etym: [L., ditch, pit, lake,
orig., anything hollow. See Lagoon.]

1. A small opening; a small pit or depression; a small blank space; a
gap or vacancy; a hiatus.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A small opening; a small depression or cavity; a space, as a
vacant space between the cells of plants, or one of the spaces left
among the tissues of the lower animals, which serve in place of
vessels for the circulation of the body fluids, or the cavity or sac,
usually of very small size, in a mucous membrane.

LACUNAL; LACUNAR
La*cu"nal, La*cu"nar, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or having, lacunæ; as, a lacunar circulation.

LACUNAR
La*cu"nar, n.; pl. E. Lacunars, L. Lacunaria. Etym: [L.] (Arch.)
(a) The ceiling or under surface of any part, especially when it
consists of compartments, sunk or hollowed without spaces or bands
between the panels. Gwilt
(b) One of the sunken panels in such a ceiling.

LACUNE
La*cune", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A lacuna. [R.] Landor.

LACUNOSE; LACUNOUS
Lac"u*nose`, La*cu"nous, a. Etym: [L. lacunosus full of holes or
hollows; cf. F. lacuneux. See Lacuna.] (Biol.)

Defn: Furrowed or pitted; having shallow cavities or lacunæ; as, a
lacunose leaf.

LACUSTRAL; LACUSTRINE
La*cus"tral, La*cus"trine, a. Etym: [L. lacus lake: cf. F. lacustral,
lacustre.]

Defn: Found in, or pertaining to, lakes or ponds, or growing in them;
as, lacustrine flowers. Lacustrine deposits (Geol.), the deposits
which have been accumulated in fresh-water areas.
 -- Lacustrine dwellings. See Lake dwellings, under Lake.

LACWORK
Lac"work`, n.

Defn: Ornamentation by means of lacquer painted or carved, or simply
colored, sprinkled with gold or the like; -- said especially of
Oriental work of this kind.

LAD
Lad, obs. p. p.

Defn: of Lead, to guide Chaucer.

LAD
Lad, n. Etym: [OE. ladde, of Celtic origin; cf. W. , Ir. lath. (. Cf.
Lass.]

1. A boy; a youth; a stripling. "Cupid is a knavish lad." Shak.
There is a lad here, which hath fire barley loaves and two small
fishes. John vi. 9.

2. A companion; a comrade; a mate. Lad's love. (Bot.) See Boy's love,
under Boy.

LADANUM
Lad"a*num, n. Etym: [L. ladanum, ledanum, Fr. (ladan, laden. Cf.
Laudanum.]

Defn: A gum resin gathered from certain Oriental species of Cistus.
It has a pungent odor and is chiefly used in making plasters, and for
fumigation. [Written also labdanum.]

LADDE
Lad"de, obs. imp.

Defn: of Lead, to guide. Chaucer.

LADDER
Lad"der, n. Etym: [OE. laddre, AS. hl, hl; akin to OFries. hladder,
OHG.leitara, G. leiter, and from the root of E. lean, v. (Lean, v.
i., and cf. Climax.]

1. A frame usually portable, of wood, metal, or rope, for ascent and
descent, consisting of two side pieces to which are fastened cross
strips or rounds forming steps.
Some the engines play, And some, more bold, mount ladders to the
fire. Dryden.

2. That which resembles a ladder in form or use; hence, that by means
of which one attains to eminence.
Lowliness is young ambition's ladder. Shak.
Fish ladder. See under Fish.
 -- Ladder beetle (Zoöl.), an American leaf beetle (Chrysomela
scalaris). The elytra are silvery white, striped and spotted with
green; the under wings are rose-colored. It feeds upon the linden
tree.
 -- Ladder handle, an iron rail at the side of a vertical fixed
ladder, to grasp with the hand in climbing.
 -- Ladder shell (Zoöl.), a spiral marine shell of the genus
Scalaria. See Scalaria.

LADDIE
Lad"die, n.

Defn: A lad; a male sweetheart. [Scot.]

LADE
Lade, v. t. [imp. Laded; p. p. Laded, Laded (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Lading.] Etym: [AS. hladan to heap, load, draw (water); akin to D. &
G. laden to load, OHG. hladan, ladan, Icel. hla, Sw. ladda, Dan.
lade, Goth. afhlapan. Cf. Load, Ladle, Lathe for turning, Last a
load.]

1. To load; to put a burden or freight on or in; -- generally
followed by that which receives the load, as the direct object.
And they laded their asses with the corn. Gen. xlii. 26.

2. To throw in out. with a ladle or dipper; to dip; as, to lade water
out of a tub, or into a cistern.
And chides the sea that sunders him from thence, Saying, he'll lade
it dry to have his way. Shak.

3. (Plate Glass Manuf.)

Defn: To transfer (the molten glass) from the pot to the forming
table.

LADE
Lade, v. i. Etym: [See Lade, v. t.]

1. To draw water. [Obs.]

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To admit water by leakage, as a ship, etc.

LADE
Lade, n. Etym: [Prov. E., a ditch or drain. Cf. Lode, Lead to
conduct.]

1. The mouth of a river. [Obs.] Bp. Gibson.

2. A passage for water; a ditch or drain. [Prov. Eng.]

LADEMAN
Lade"man, n.

Defn: One who leads a pack horse; a miller's servant. [Obs. or Local]

LADEN
Lad"en, p. & a.

Defn: Loaded; freighted; burdened; as, a laden vessel; a laden heart.
Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity. Is. i. 4.
A ship laden with gold. Shak.

LADIED
La"died, a.

Defn: Ladylike; not rough; gentle. [Obs.] "Stroked with a ladied
land." Feltham.

LADIES' EARDROPS
La"dies' ear`drops`. (Bot.)

Defn: The small-flowered Fuchsia (F. coccinea), and other closely
related species.

LADIFY
La"di*fy, v. t. Etym: [Lady + -fy.]

Defn: To make a lady of; to make ladylike. [Obs.] Massinger.

LADIN
La*din", n. Etym: [From L. Latinus Latin. See Latin]

Defn: A Romansch dialect spoken in some parts of Switzerland and the
Tyrol.

LADING
Lad"ing, n.

1. The act of loading.

2. That which lades or constitutes a load or cargo; freight; burden;
as, the lading of a ship. Bill of lading. See under Bill.

LADINO
La*di"no, n.; pl. Ladinos. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: One of the half-breed descendants of whites and Indians; a
mestizo; -- so called throughout Central America. They are usually of
a yellowish orange tinge. Am. Cyc.

LADKIN
Lad"kin, n.

Defn: A little lad. [R.] Dr. H. More.

LADLE
La"dle, n. Etym: [AS.hlædel, fr. hladan to load, drain. See Lade, v.
t.]

1. A cuplike spoon, often of large size, with a long handle, used in
lading or dipping.
When the materials of glass have been kept long in fusion, the
mixture casts up the superfluous salt, which the workmen take off
with ladles. Boyle.

2. (Founding)

Defn: A vessel to carry liquid metal from the furnace to the mold.

3. The float of a mill wheel; -- called also ladle board.

4. (Gun.)
(a) An instrument for drawing the charge of a cannon.
(b) A ring, with a handle or handles fitted to it, for carrying shot.
Ladle wood (Bot.), the wood of a South African tree (Cassine
Colpoon), used for carving.

LADLE
La"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ladled; p. pr. & vb. n. Ladling.]

Defn: To take up and convey in a ladle; to dip with, or as with, a
ladle; as, to ladle out soup; to ladle oatmeal into a kettle.

LADLEFUL
La"dle*ful, n.; pl. Ladlefuls (.

Defn: A quantity sufficient to fill a ladle.

LADRONE
La*drone", n. Etym: [Sp. ladron, L. latro servant, robber, Gr. (

Defn: A robber; a pirate; hence, loosely, a rogue or rascal.

LADY
La"dy, n.; pl. Ladies. Etym: [OE. ladi, læfdi, AS. hl, hl; AS. hlaf
loaf + a root of uncertain origin, possibly akin to E. dairy. See
Loaf, and cf. Lord.]

1. A woman who looks after the domestic affairs of a family; a
mistress; the female head of a household.
Agar, the handmaiden of Sara, whence comest thou, and whither goest
thou The which answered, Fro the face of Sara my lady. Wyclif (Gen.
xvi. 8.).

2. A woman having proprietary rights or authority; mistress; -- a
feminine correlative of lord. "Lord or lady of high degree." Lowell.
Of all these bounds, even from this line to this, . . . We make thee
lady. Shak.

3. A woman to whom the particular homage of a knight was paid; a
woman to whom one is devoted or bound; a sweetheart.
The soldier here his wasted store supplies, And takes new valor from
his lady's eyes. Waller.

4. A woman of social distinction or position. In England, a title
prefixed to the name of any woman whose husband is not of lower rank
than a baron, or whose father was a nobleman not lower than an earl.
The wife of a baronet or knight has the title of Lady by courtesy,
but not by right.

5. A woman of refined or gentle manners; a well-bred woman; -- the
feminine correlative of gentleman.

6. A wife; -- not now in approved usage. Goldsmith.

7. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The triturating apparatus in the stomach of a lobster; -- so
called from a fancied resemblance to a seated female figure. It
consists of calcareous plates. Ladies' man, a man who affects the
society of ladies.
 -- Lady altar, an altar in a lady chapel. Shipley.
 -- Lady chapel, a chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
 -- Lady court, the court of a lady of the manor.
 -- Lady crab (Zoöl.), a handsomely spotted swimming crab
(Platyonichus ocellatus) very common on the sandy shores of the
Atlantic coast of the United States.
 -- Lady fern. (Bot.) See Female fern, under Female, and Illust. of
Fern.
 -- Lady in waiting, a lady of the queen's household, appointed to
wait upon or attend the queen.
 -- Lady Mass, a Mass said in honor of the Virgin Mary. Shipley. Lady
of the manor, a lady having jurisdiction of a manor; also, the wife
of a manor lord. Lady's maid, a maidservant who dresses and waits
upon a lady. Thackeray.
 -- Our Lady, the Virgin Mary.

LADY
La"dy, a.

Defn: Belonging or becoming to a lady; ladylike. "Some lady trifles."
Shak.

LADYBIRD
La"dy*bird`, n. Etym: [Equiv. to, bird of Our Lady.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small beetles of the genus
Coccinella and allied genera (family Coccinellidæ); -- called also
ladybug, ladyclock, lady cow, lady fly, and lady beetle. Coccinella
seplempunctata in one of the common European species. See Coccinella.

Note: The ladybirds are usually more or less hemispherical in form,
with a smooth, polished surface, and often colored red, brown, or
black, with small spots of brighter colors. Both the larvæ and the
adult beetles of most species feed on aphids, and for this reason
they are very beneficial to agriculture and horticulture.

LADYBUG
La"dy*bug`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Ladybird.

LADYCLOCK
La"dy*clock`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Ladyrird.

LADY DAY
La"dy` day

Defn: The day of the annunciation of the Virgin Mary, March 25. See
Annunciation.

LADY DAY
La"dy` Day` (da).

Defn: The day of the annunciation of the Virgin Mary, March 25. See
Annunciation.

LADYFISH
La"dy*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A large, handsome oceanic fish (Albula vulpes), found both in the
Atlantic and Pacific oceans; -- called also bonefish, grubber, French
mullet, and macabé.
(b) A labroid fish (Harpe rufa) of Florida and the West Indies.

LADYHOOD
La"dy*hood, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being a lady; the personality of a
lady.

LADY-KILLER
La"dy-kill`er, n.

Defn: A gallant who captivates the hearts of women. "A renowned dandy
and lady-killer." Blackw. Mag.

LADY-KILLING
La"dy-kill`ing, n.

Defn: The art or practice of captivating the hearts of women.
Better for the sake of womankind that this dangerous dog should leave
off lady-killing. Thackeray.

LADYKIN
La"dy*kin, n. Etym: [Lady + -kin.]

Defn: A little lady; -- applied by the writers of Queen Elizabeth's
time, in the abbreviated form Lakin, to the Virgin Mary.

Note: The diminutive does not refer to size, but is equivalent to
"dear." Brewer.

LADYLIKE
La"dy*like`, a.

1. Like a lady in appearance or manners; well-bred.
She was ladylike, too, after the manner of the feminine gentility of
those days. Hawthorne.

2. Becoming or suitable to a lady; as, ladylike manners. "With
fingers ladylike." Warner.

3. Delicate; tender; feeble; effeminate.
Too ladylike a long fatigue to bear. Dryden.

LADYLIKENESS
La"dy*like`ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being ladylike.

LADYLOVE
La"dy*love`, n.

Defn: A sweetheart or mistress.

LADY'S BEDSTRAW
La"dy's bed"straw`, (Bot.)

Defn: The common bedstraw (Galium verum); also, a slender-leaved East
Indian shrub (Pharnaceum Mollugo), with white flowers in umbels.

LADY'S BOWER
La"dy's bow"er. (Bot.)

Defn: A climbing plant with fragrant blossoms (Clematis vitalba).

Note: This term is sometimes applied to other plants of the same
genus.

LADY'S CLOTH
La"dy's cloth`

Defn: A kind of broadcloth of light weight, used for women's dresses,
cloaks, etc.

LADY'S COMB
La"dy's comb", (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant (Scandix Pecten-Veneris), its clusters
of long slender fruits remotely resembling a comb.

LADY'S CUSHION
La"dy's cush"ion, (Bot.)

Defn: An herb growing in dense tufts; the thrift (Armeria vulgaris).

LADY'S FINGER
La"dy's fin"ger,

1. pl. (Bot.)

Defn: The kidney vetch.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: A variety of small cake of about the dimensions of a finger.

3. A long, slender variety of the potato.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the branchiæ of the lobster.

LADY'S GARTERS
La"dy's gar"ters. (Bot.)

Defn: Ribbon grass.

LADY'S HAIR
La"dy's hair". (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Briza (B. media); a variety of quaking
grass.

LADYSHIP
La"dy*ship, n.

Defn: The rank or position of a lady; -- given as a title (preceded
by her or your.)
Your ladyship shall observe their gravity. B. Jonson.

LADY'S LACES
La"dy's la"ces. (Bot.)

Defn: A slender climbing plant; dodder.

LADY'S LOOKING-GLASS
La"dy's look"ing-glass`. (Bot.)

Defn: See Venus's looking-glass, under Venus.

LADY'S MANTLE
La"dy's man"tle. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of rosaceous herbs (Alchemilla), esp. the European A.
vulgaris, which has leaves with rounded and finely serrated lobes.

LADY'S SEAL
La"dy's seal".(Bot.)
(a) The European Solomon's seal (Polygonatum verticillatum).
(b) The black bryony (Tamus communis).

LADY'S SLIPPER
La"dy's slip"per. (Bot.)

Defn: Any orchidaceous plant of the genus Cypripedium, the labellum
of which resembles a slipper. Less commonly, in the United States,
the garden balsam (Impatiens Balsamina).

LADY'S SMOCK
La"dy's smock". (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Cardamine (C. pratensis); cuckoo flower.

LADY'S THIMBLE
La"dy's thim"ble. (Bot.)

Defn: The harebell.

LADY'S THUMB
La"dy's thumb". (Bot.)

Defn: An annual weed (Polygonum Persicaria), having a lanceolate leaf
with a dark spot in the middle.

LADY'S TRACES; LADIES' TRESSES; LADIES TRESSES
La"dy's tra"ces, La"dies' tress"es. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several species of the orchidaceous genus
Spiranthes, in which the white flowers are set in spirals about a
slender axis and remotely resemble braided hair.

LAELAPS
Læ"laps, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. ( (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of huge, carnivorous, dinosaurian reptiles from the
Cretaceous formation of the United States. They had very large hind
legs and tail, and are supposed to have been bipedal. Some of the
species were about eighteen feet high.

LAEMMERGEYER
Laem"mer*gey`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Lammergeir.

LAEMODIPOD
Læ*mod"i*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Læmodipoda.

LAEMODIPODA
Læ`mo*dip"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of amphipod Crustacea, in which the abdomen is small
or rudimentary and the legs are often reduced to five pairs. The
whale louse, or Cyamus, and Caprella are examples.

LAEMODIPODOUS
Læ`mo*dip"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Læmodipoda.

LAETERE SUNDAY
Læ*te"re Sun"day

Defn: . The fourth Sunday of Lent; -- so named from the Latin word
Lætare (rejoice), the first word in the antiphone of the introit sung
that day in the Roman Catholic service.

LAEVIGATE
Læv"i*gate, a. Etym: [See Levigate.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having a smooth surface, as if polished.

LAEVO-
Læ"vo-

Defn: . A prefix. See Levo.

LAEVOROTATORY
Læ"vo*ro"ta*to*ry, a.

Defn: Same as Levorotatory. Cf. Dextrorotatory.

LAEVULOSE
Læv"u*lose`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Levulose.

LAFAYETTE
La`fa`yette", n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The dollar fish.
(b) A market fish, the goody, or spot (Liostomus xanthurus), of the
southern coast of the United States.

LAFT
Laft, obs. p. p.

Defn: of Leave. Chaucer.

LAFTE
Laf"te, obs. imp.

Defn: of Leave. Chaucer.

LAG
Lag, a. Etym: [Of Celtic origin: cf. Gael. & Ir. lagweak, feeble,
faint, W. llag, llac, slack, loose, remiss, sluggish; prob. akin to
E. lax, languid.]

1. Coming tardily after or behind; slow; tardy. [Obs.]
Came too lag to see him buried. Shak.

2. Last; long-delayed; -- obsolete, except in the phrase lag end.
"The lag end of my life." Shak.

3. Last made; hence, made of refuse; inferior. [Obs.] "Lag souls."
Dryden.

LAG
Lag, n.

1. One who lags; that which comes in last. [Obs.] "The lag of all the
flock." Pope.

2. The fag-end; the rump; hence, the lowest class.
The common lag of people. Shak.

3. The amount of retardation of anything, as of a valve in a steam
engine, in opening or closing.

4. A stave of a cask, drum, etc.; especially (Mach.), one of the
narrow boards or staves forming the covering of a cylindrical object,
as a boiler, or the cylinder of a carding machine or a steam engine.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Graylag. Lag of the tide, the interval by which the time of
high water falls behind the mean time, in the first and third
quarters of the moon; -- opposed to priming of the tide, or the
acceleration of the time of high water, in the second and fourth
quarters; depending on the relative positions of the sun and moon.
 -- Lag screw, an iron bolt with a square head, a sharp-edged thread,
and a sharp point, adapted for screwing into wood; a screw for
fastening lags.

LAG
Lag, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Lagging.]

Defn: To walk or more slowly; to stay or fall behind; to linger or
loiter. "I shall not lag behind." Milton.

Syn.
 -- To loiter; linger; saunter; delay; be tardy.

LAG
Lag, v. t.

1. To cause to lag; to slacken. [Obs.] "To lag his flight." Heywood.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: To cover, as the cylinder of a steam engine, with lags. See
Lag, n., 4.

LAG
Lag, n.

Defn: One transported for a crime. [Slang, Eng.]

LAG
Lag, v. t.

Defn: To transport for crime. [Slang, Eng.]
She lags us if we poach. De Quincey.

LAGAN
La"gan, n. & v.

Defn: See Ligan.

LAGARTO
La*gar"to, n. Etym: [See Alligator.]

Defn: An alligator. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

LAGENA
La*ge"na, n.; pl. L. Lagenæ, E. Lagenas. Etym: [L., a flask; cf. Gr.
(Anat.)

Defn: The terminal part of the cochlea in birds and most reptiles; an
appendage of the sacculus, corresponding to the cochlea, in fishes
and amphibians.

LAGENIAN
La*ge"ni*an, a. Etym: [See Lagena.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, Lagena, a genus of Foraminifera having
a straight, chambered shell.

LAGENIFORM
La*ge"ni*form, a. Etym: [See Lagena, and -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Shaped like a bottle or flask; flag-shaped.

LAGER
La"ger, n.

Defn: Lager beer.

LAGER BEER
La"ger beer`. Etym: [G. lager bed, storehouse + bier beer. See Lair,
and Beer.]

Defn: Originally a German beer, but now also made in immense
quantities in the United States; -- so called from its being laid up
or stored for some months before use.

LAGER WINE
La"ger wine`

Defn: . Wine which has been kept for some time in the cellar.
Simmonds.

LAGGARD
Lag"gard, a. Etym: [Lag + -ard.]

Defn: Slow; sluggish; backward.

LAGGARD
Lag"gard, n.

Defn: One who lags; a loiterer.

LAGGER
Lag"ger, n.

Defn: A laggard.

LAGGING
Lag"ging, n.

1. (Mach.)

Defn: The clothing (esp., an outer, wooden covering), as of a steam
cylinder, applied to prevent the radiation of heat; a covering of
lags; -- called also deading and cleading.

2. Lags, collectively; narrow planks extending from one rib to
another in the centering of arches.

LAGGINGLY
Lag"ging*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lagging manner; loiteringly.

LAGLY
Lag"ly, adv.

Defn: Laggingly. [Prov. Eng.]

LAGNIAPPE; LAGNAPPE
La*gniappe, La*gnappe", n. [Etym. uncertain.]

Defn: In Louisiana, a trifling present given to customers by
tradesmen; a gratuity.

Lagniappe . . .is something thrown in, gratis, for good measure.
Mark Twain.

LAGOMORPH
Lag"o*morph, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Lagomorpha.

LAGOMORPHA
Lag`o*mor"pha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of rodents, including the hares. They have four
incisors in the upper jaw. Called also Duplicidentata.

LAGOON
La*goon", n. Etym: [It. or Sp. laguna, L. lacuna ditch, pool,
pond,lacus lake. See Lake, and cf. Lacuna.] [Written also lagune.]

1. A shallow sound, channel, pond, or lake, especially one into which
the sea flows; as, the lagoons of Venice.

2. A lake in a coral island, often occupying a large portion of its
area, and usually communicating with the sea. See Atoll. Lagoon
island, a coral island consisting of a narrow reef encircling a
lagoon.

LAGOPHTHALMIA; LAGOPHTHALMOS
Lag`oph*thal"mi*a, Lag`oph*thal"mos, n. Etym: [NL. lagophtalmia, fr.
Gr. lagw`s hare + 'ofqalmo`s eye; -- so called from the notion that a
hare sleeps with his eyes open.] (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition in which the eye stands wide open, giving a
peculiar staring appearance.

LAGOPOUS
La*go"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a dense covering of long hair, like the foot of a hare.

LAGTHING
Lag"thing, n. [Norw. lagting, lagthing; lag company, society (akin to
E. law, lay) + ting, thing, parliament. See Thing.]

Defn: See Legislatature, below.

LAGUNE
La*gune", n.

Defn: See Lagoon.

LAIC; LAICAL
La"ic, La"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. laicus: cf. F. laïque. See Lay laic.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a layman or the laity. "Laical literature."
Lowell.
An unprincipled, unedified, and laic rabble. Milton.

LAIC
La"ic, n.

Defn: A layman. Bp. Morton.

LAICALITY
La"ic*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being laic; the state or condition of a
layman.

LAICALLY
La"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: As a layman; after the manner of a layman; as, to treat a
matter laically.

LAID
Laid, imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Lay. Laid paper, paper marked with parallel lines or water
marks, as if ribbed, from parallel wires in the mold. It is called
blue laid, cream laid, etc., according to its color.

LAIDLY
Laid"ly, a.

Defn: Ugly; loathsome. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
This laidly and loathsome worm. W. Howitt.

LAIN
Lain, p. p.

Defn: of Lie, v. i.

LAINERE
Lain"ere, n.

Defn: See Lanier. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LAIR
Lair, n. Etym: [OE. leir, AS. leger; akin to D. leger, G. lager
couch, lair, OHG. laga, Goth. ligrs, and to E. lie. See Lie to be
prostrate, and cf. Layer, Leaguer.]

1. A place in which to lie or rest; especially, the bed or couch of a
wild beast.

2. A burying place. [Scot.] Jamieson.

3. A pasture; sometimes, food. [Obs.] Spenser.

LAIRD
Laird, n. Etym: [See Lord.]

Defn: A lord; a landholder, esp. one who holds land directly of the
crown. [Scot.]

LAIRDSHIP
Laird"ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a laird; an estate; landed property. [Scot.]
Ramsay.

LAISM
La"ism, n.

Defn: See Lamaism. [R.]

LAISSEZ FAIRE
Lais`sez" faire". Etym: [F., let alone.]

Defn: Noninterference; -- an axiom of some political economists,
deprecating interference of government by attempts to foster or
regulate commerce, manufactures, etc., by bounty or by restriction;
as, the doctrine of laissez faire; the laissez faire system
government.

LAITY
La"i*ty, n. Etym: [See Lay, a.]

1. The people, as distinguished from the clergy; the body of the
people not in orders.
A rising up of the laity against the sacerdotal caste. Macaulay.

2. The state of a layman. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

3. Those who are not of a certain profession, as law or medicine, in
distinction from those belonging to it.

LAKAO
La*ka"o, n.

Defn: Sap green. [China]

LAKE
Lake, n. Etym: [F. laque, fr. Per. See Lac.]

Defn: A pigment formed by combining some coloring matter, usually by
precipitation, with a metallic oxide or earth, esp. with aluminium
hydrate; as, madder lake; Florentine lake; yellow lake, etc.

LAKE
Lake, n. Etym: [Cf. G. laken.]

Defn: A kind of fine white linen, formerly in use. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LAKE
Lake, v. i. Etym: [AS. lacan, læcan, to spring, jump, lac play,
sport, or fr. Icel. leika to play, sport; both akin to Goth. laikan
to dance. sq. root120. Cf. Knowledge.]

Defn: To play; to sport. [Prov. Eng.]

LAKE
Lake, n. Etym: [AS. lac, L. lacus; akin to AS. lagu lake, sea, Icel.
lögr; OIr. loch; cf. Gr. Loch, Lough.]

Defn: A large body of water contained in a depression of the earth's
surface, and supplied from the drainage of a more or less extended
area.

Note: Lakes are for the most part of fresh water; the salt lakes,
like the Great Salt Lake of Utah, have usually no outlet to the
ocean. Lake dwellers (Ethnol.), people of a prehistoric race, or
races, which inhabited different parts of Europe. Their dwellings
were built on piles in lakes, a short distance from the shore. Their
relics are common in the lakes of Switzerland.
 -- Lake dwellings (Archæol.), dwellings built over a lake, sometimes
on piles, and sometimes on rude foundations kept in place by piles;
specifically, such dwellings of prehistoric times. Lake dwellings are
still used by many savage tribes. Called also lacustrine dwellings.
See Crannog.
 -- Lake fly (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of dipterous flies
of the genus Chironomus. In form they resemble mosquitoes, but they
do not bite. The larvæ live in lakes.
 -- Lake herring (Zoöl.), the cisco (Coregonus Artedii).
 -- Lake poets, Lake school, a collective name originally applied in
contempt, but now in honor, to Southey, Coleridge, and Wordsworth,
who lived in the lake country of Cumberland, England, Lamb and a few
others were classed with these by hostile critics. Called also lakers
and lakists.
 -- Lake sturgeon (Zoöl.), a sturgeon (Acipenser rubicundus), of
moderate size, found in the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. It
is used as food.
 -- Lake trout (Zoöl.), any one of several species of trout and
salmon; in Europe, esp. Salmo fario; in the United States, esp.
Salvelinus namaycush of the Great Lakes, and of various lakes in New
York, Eastern Maine, and Canada. A large variety of brook trout (S.
fontinalis), inhabiting many lakes in New England, is also called
lake trout. See Namaycush.
 -- Lake whitefish. (Zoöl.) See Whitefish.
 -- Lake whiting (Zoöl.), an American whitefish (Coregonus
Labradoricus), found in many lakes in the Northern United States and
Canada. It is more slender than the common whitefish.

LAKE-DWELLER
Lake"-dwell`er, n.

Defn: See Lake dwellers, under Lake.

LAKELET
Lake"let, n.

Defn: A little lake. Southey.

LAKER
Lak"er, n. One that is connected with a lake or lakes, as in
habitation, toil, etc.:
 (a) One of the poets of the Lake school. See Lake poets, under Lake,
n.
 (b) (Zoöl.) A fish living in, or taken from, a lake, esp. the
namaycush.
 (c) A lake steamer or canal boat.

The bridge tender . . . thought the Cowies "a little mite" longer
than that laker.
The Century.

LAKEWEED
Lake"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The water pepper (Polygonum Hydropiper), an aquatic plant of
Europe and North America.

LAKH
Lakh, n.

Defn: Same as Lac, one hundred thousand.

LAKIN
La"kin, n.

Defn: See Ladykin.

LAKKE
Lak"ke, n. & v.

Defn: See Lack. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LAKY
Lak"y, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a lake. Sir W. Scott.

LAKY
Lak"y, a. Etym: [From Lake the pigment.]

Defn: Transparent; -- said of blood rendered transparent by the
action of some solvent agent on the red blood corpuscles.

LALLATION
Lal*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. lallare to sing lalla, or lullaby: cf. F.
lallation.]

Defn: An imperfect enunciation of the letter r, in which it sounds
like l.

LALO
La"lo, n.

Defn: The powdered leaves of the baobab tree, used by the Africans to
mix in their soup, as the southern negroes use powdered sassafras.
Cf. Couscous.

LAM
Lam, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lammed; p. pr. & vb. n. Lamming.] Etym:
[Icel. lemja to beat, or lama to bruise, both fr. lami, lama, lame.
See Lame.]

Defn: To beat soundly; to thrash. [Obs. or Low] Beau. & Fl.

LAMA
La"ma, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Llama.

LAMA
La"ma, n. Etym: [Thibet. blama (pronounced lä''ma) a chief, a high
priest.]

Defn: In Thibet, Mongolia, etc., a priest or monk of the belief
called Lamaism. The Grand Lama, or Dalai Lama Etym: [lit., Ocean
Lama], the supreme pontiff in the lamaistic hierarchy. See Lamaism.

LAMAIC
La"ma*ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Lamaism.

LAMAISM
La"ma*ism, n.

Defn: A modified form of Buddhism which prevails in Thibet, Mongolia,
and some adjacent parts of Asia; -- so called from the name of its
priests. See 2d Lama.

LAMAIST; LAMAITE
La"ma*ist, La"ma*ite n.

Defn: One who believes in Lamaism.

LAMAISTIC
La`ma*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Lamaism.

LAMANTIN
La*man"tin, n. Etym: [F. lamantin, lamentin, prob. from the name of
the animal in the Antilles. Cf. Manater.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The manatee. [Written also lamentin, and lamantine.]

LAMARCKIAN
La*marck"i*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or involved in, the doctrines of Lamarckianism.

LAMARCKIANISM
La*marck"i*an*ism, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Lamarckism.

LAMARCKISM
La"marck"ism, n. Etym: [From Lamarck, a distinguished French
naturalist.] (Biol.)

Defn: The theory that structural variations, characteristic of
species and genera, are produced in animals and plants by the direct
influence of physical environments, and esp., in the case of animals,
by effort, or by use or disuse of certain organs.

LAMASERY
La"ma*ser*y, n. Etym: [See 2d Lama.]

Defn: A mo

LAMB
Lamb, n. Etym: [AS. lamb; akin to D. & Dan. lam, G. & Sw. lamm, OS.,
Goth., & Icel. lamb.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The young of the sheep.

2. Any person who is as innocent or gentle as a lamb.

3. A simple, unsophisticated person; in the cant of the Stock
Exchange, one who ignorantly speculates and is victimized. Lamb of
God, The Lamb (Script.), the Jesus Christ, in allusion to the paschal
lamb.
The twelve apostles of the Lamb. Rev. xxi. 14.
Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world. John
i. 29.
-- Lamb's lettuce (Bot.), an annual plant with small obovate leaves
(Valerianella olitoria), often used as a salad; corn salad. [Written
also lamb lettuce.] -- Lamb's tongue, a carpenter's plane with a deep
narrow bit, for making curved grooves. Knight.
 -- Lamb's wool. (a) The wool of a lamb. (b) Ale mixed with the pulp
of roasted apples; -- probably from the resemblance of the pulp of
roasted apples to lamb's wool. [Obs.] Goldsmith.

LAMB
Lamb, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lambed; p. pr. & vb. n. Lambing.]

Defn: To bring forth a lamb or lambs, as sheep.

LAMBALE
Lamb"ale`, n.

Defn: A feast at the time of shearing lambs.

LAMBASTE
Lam*baste", v. t. Etym: [Lam + baste to beat.]

Defn: To beat severely. [Low] Nares.

LAMBATIVE
Lam"ba*tive, a. Etym: [L. lambere to lick. See Lambent.]

Defn: Taken by licking with the tongue. "Sirups and lambative
medicines." Sir T. Browne.

LAMBATIVE
Lam"ba*tive, n.

Defn: A medicine taken by licking with the tongue; a lincture.
Wiseman.

LAMBDA
Lamb"da, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. The name of the Greek letter

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The point of junction of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures of
the skull. Lambda moth (Zoöl.), a moth so called from a mark on its
wings, resembling the Greek letter lambda (

LAMBDACISM
Lamb"da*cism, n. Etym: [L. lambdacismus, Gr. la`mbda the letter
lambda (

1. A fault in speaking or in composition, which consists in too
frequent use of the letter l, or in doubling it erroneously.

2. A defect in pronunciation of the letter l when doubled, which
consists in giving it a sound as if followed by y, similar to that of
the letters lli in billion.

3. The use of the sound of l for that of r in pronunciation;
lallation; as, Amelican for American.

LAMBDOID
Lamb"doid, a. Etym: [Gr. la`mbda the letter lambda (e"i^dos shape.]

Defn: Shaped like the Greek letter lambda (as, the lambdoid suture
between the occipital and parietal bones of the skull.

LAMBDOIDAL
Lamb*doid"al, a.

Defn: Same as Lambdoid.

LAMBENT
Lam"bent, a. Etym: [L. lambens, -enlis, p. pr. of lambere to lick;
akin to lap. See Lap to drink by licking.]

1. Playing on the surface; touching lightly; gliding over. "A lambent
flame." Dryden. "A lambent style." Beaconsfield.

2. Twinkling or gleaming; fickering. "The lambent purity of the
stars." W. Irving.

LAMBERT PINE
Lam"bert pine`. Etym: [So called from Lambert, an English botanist.]
(Bot.)

Defn: The gigantic sugar pine of California and Oregon (Pinus
Lambertiana). It has the leaves in fives, and cones a foot long. The
timber is soft, and like that of the white pine of the Eastern
States.

LAMBKILL
Lamb"kill`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small American ericaceous shrub (Kalmia angustifolia); --
called also calfkill, sheepkill, sheep laurel, etc. It is supposed to
poison sheep and other animals that eat it at times when the snow is
deep and they cannot find other food.

LAMBKIN
Lamb"kin, n.

Defn: A small lamb.

LAMBLIKE
Lamb"like, a.

Defn: Like a lamb; gentle; meek; inoffensive.

LAMBOYS
Lam"boys, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. F. lambeau. Cf. Label.] (Anc. Armor)

Defn: Same as Base, n., 19.

LAMBREQUIN
Lam"bre*quin, n. Etym: [F. Cf. Lamboys, Label.]

1. A kind of pendent scarf or covering attached to the helmet, to
protect it from wet or heat.

2. A leather flap hanging from a cuirass. Wilhelm.

3. A piece of ornament drapery or short decorative hanging, pendent
from a shelf or from the casing above a window, hiding the curtain
fixtures, or the like.

LAMBSKIN
Lamb"skin`, n.

1. The skin of a lamb; especially, a skin dressed with the wool on,
and used as a mat. Also used adjectively.

2. A kind of woolen.

LAMBSKINNET
Lamb"skin`net", n.

Defn: See Lansquenet.

LAMB'S-QUARTERS
Lamb's-quar"ters, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several plants of the Goosefoot family,
sometimes used as pot herbs, as Chenopodium album and Atriplex
patulsa.

LAMDOIDAL
Lam*doid"al, a.

Defn: Lambdoid. [R.]

LAME
Lame, a. [Compar. Lamer; superl. Lamest.] Etym: [OE. lame, AS. lama;
akin to D. lam, G. lahm,OHG., Dan., & Sw. lam, Icel. lami, Russ.
lomate to break, lomota rheumatism.]

1.
(a) Moving with pain or difficulty on account of injury, defect, or
temporary obstruction of a function; as, a lame leg, arm, or muscle.
(b) To some degree disabled by reason of the imperfect action of a
limb; crippled; as, a lame man. "Lame of one leg." Arbuthnot. "Lame
in both his feet." 2 Sam. ix. 13. "He fell, and became lame." 2 Sam.
iv. 4.

2. Hence, hobbling; limping; inefficient; imperfect. "A lame
endeavor." Barrow.
O, most lame and impotent conclusion! Shak.
Lame duck (stock Exchange), a person who can not fulfill his
contracts. [Cant]

LAME
Lame, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Laming.]

Defn: To make lame.
If you happen to let child fall and lame it. Swift.

LAMEL
Lam"el, n.

Defn: See Lamella.

LAMELLA
La*mel"la, n.; pl. L. Lamellæ, E. Lamellas. Etym: [L. lamella, dim.
of lamina plate, leaf, layer: cf. F. lamelle. Cf. Lamina, Omelet.]

Defn: a thin plate or scale of anything, as a thin scale growing from
the petals of certain flowers; or one of the thin plates or scales of
which certain shells are composed.

LAMELLAR; LAMELLARLY
Lam"el*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lamellaire.]

Defn: Flat and thin; lamelliform; composed of lamellæ.
 -- Lam"el*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In thin plates or scales.

LAMELLARY
Lam"el*la*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to lamella or to lamellæ; lamellar.

LAMELLATE; LAMELLATED
Lam"el*late, Lam"el*la`ted, a. Etym: [See Lamella.]

Defn: Composed of, or furnished with, thin plates or scales. See
Illust. of Antennæ.

LAMELLIBRANCH
La*mel"li*branch, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Lamellibranchia. Also used adjectively.

LAMELLIBRANCHIA; LAMELLIBRANCHIATA
La*mel`li*bran"chi*a, La*mel`li*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See
lamella, and Branchia, Branchiate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of Mollusca including all those that have bivalve
shells, as the clams, oysters, mussels, etc.

Note: They usually have two (rarely but one) flat, lamelliform gills
on each side of the body. They have an imperfectly developed head,
concealed within the shell, whence they are called Acephala. Called
also Conchifera, and Pelecypoda. See Bivalve.

LAMELLIBRANCHIATE
Lam`el*li*bran"chi*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having lamellar gills; belonging to the Lamellibranchia.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Lamellibranchia.

LAMELLICORN
La*mel"li*corn, a. Etym: [Lamella + L. cornu a horn: cf. F.
lamellicorne. See Lamella.] (Zoöl.)
(a) Having antennæ terminating in a group of flat lamellæ; -- said of
certain coleopterous insects.
(b) Terminating in a group of flat lamellæ; -- said of antennæ.
 -- n.

Defn: A lamellicorn insect.

LAMELLICORNIA
La*mel`li*cor"ni*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Lamellicorn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of lamellicorn, plant-eating beetles; -- called also
Lamellicornes.

LAMELLIFEROUS
Lam`el*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Lamella + -ferous: cf. F. lamellifère.]

Defn: Bearing, or composed of, lamellæ, or thin layers, plates, or
scales; foliated.

LAMELLIFORM
La*mel"li*form, a. Etym: [Lamella + -form : cf. F. lamelliforme.]

Defn: Thin and flat; scalelike; lamellar.

LAMELLIROSTRAL
Lam`el*li*ros"tral, a. Etym: [Lamella + rostral : cf. F.
lamellirostre.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a lamellate bill, as ducks and geese.

LAMELLIROSTRES
La*mel`li*ros"tres, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Lamella, and Rostrum.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of birds embracing the Anseres and flamingoes, in which
the bill is lamellate.

LAMELLOSE
Lam"el*lose`, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lamelleux.]

Defn: Composed of, or having, lamellæ; lamelliform.

LAMELY
Lame"ly, adv. Etym: [See Lame.]

Defn: An a lame, crippled, disabled, or imperfect manner; as, to walk
lamely; a figure lamely drawn.

LAMENESS
Lame"ness, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being lame; as, the lameness of an
excuse or an argument.

LAMENT
La*ment", v. i. Etym: [F. lamenter, L. lamentari, fr. lamentum a
lament.]

Defn: To express or feel sorrow; to weep or wail; to mourn.
Jeremiah lamented for Josiah. 2 Chron. xxxv. 25.
Ye shall weep and lament, but the world shall rejoice. John xvi. 20.

LAMENT
La*ment", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lamented; p. pr. & vb. n. Lamenting.]

Defn: To mourn for; to bemoan; to bewail.
One laughed at follies, one lamented crimes. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To deplore; mourn; bewail. See Deplore.

LAMENT
La*ment", n. Etym: [L. lamentum. Cf. Lament, v.]

1. Grief or sorrow expressed in complaints or cries; lamentation; a
wailing; a moaning; a weeping.
Torment, and loud lament, and furious rage. Milton.

2. An elegy or mournful ballad, or the like.

LAMENTABLE
Lam"en*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. lamentabilis : cf. F. lamentable.]

1. Mourning; sorrowful; expressing grief; as, a lamentable
countenance. "Lamentable eye." Spenser.

2. Fitted to awaken lament; to be lamented; sorrowful; pitiable; as,
a lamentable misfortune, or error. "Lamentable helplessness." Burke.

3. Miserable; pitiful; paltry; -- in a contemptuous or Bp.
Stillingfleet.
 -- Lam"en*ta*ble*ness, n.
 -- Lam"en*ta*bly, adv.

LAMENTATION
Lam`en*ta"tion, n. Etym: [F. lamentation, L. lamentatio.]

1. The act of bewailing; audible expression of sorrow; wailing;
moaning.
In Rama was there a voice heard, lamentation and weeping Matt. ii.
18.

2. pl. (Script.)

Defn: A book of the Old Testament attributed to the prophet Jeremiah,
and taking its name from the nature of its contents.

LAMENTED
La*ment"ed, a.

Defn: Mourned for; bewailed.
This humble praise,lamented shade ! receive. Pope.

LAMENTER
La*ment"er (, n.

Defn: One who laments.

LAMENTIN
La*men"tin, n.

Defn: See Lamantin.

LAMENTING
La*ment"ing, n.

Defn: Lamentation.
Lamentings heard i' the air. Shak.

LAMENTINGLY
La*ment"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lamenting manner.

LAMES
Lames, n. pl. Etym: [F. lame a thin plate, L. lamina.] (Armor)

Defn: Small steel plates combined together so as to slide one upon
the form a piece of armor.

LAMETTA
La*met"ta, n. Etym: [Cf. It. lametta, dim of lama a thin plate.]

Defn: Foil or wire made of gold, silver, or brass. De Colange.

LAMIA
La"mi*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A monster capable of assuming a woman's form, who was said to
devour human beings or suck their blood; a vampire; a sorceress; a
with.

LAMINA
Lam"i*na, n.; pl. L. Lamella.

1. A thin plate or scale; a laying over another; -- said of thin
plates or platelike substances, as of bone or minerals.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The blade of a leaf; the broad, expanded portion of a petal or
sepal of a flower. Gray.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A thin plate or scale; specif., one of the thin, flat processes
composing the vane of a feather.

LAMINABILITY
Lam`i*na*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being laminable.

LAMINABLE
Lam"i*na*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being split into laminæ or thin plates, as mica;
capable of being extended under pressure into a thin plate or strip.
When a body can be readily extended in all directions under the
hammer, it is said to be malleable; and when into fillets under the
rolling press, it is said to be laminable. Ure.

LAMINAR; LAMINAL
Lam"i*nar, Lam"i*nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. laminaire. See Lamina]

Defn: In, or consisting of, thin plates or layers; having the form of
a thin plate or lamina.

LAMINARIA
Lam`i*na"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Lamina.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of great seaweeds with long and broad fronds; kelp, or
devil's apron. The fronds commonly grow in clusters, and are
sometimes from thirty to fifty feet in length. See Illust. of Kelp.

LAMINARIAN
Lam`i*na"ri*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to seaweeds of the genus Laminaria, or to that zone
of the sea (from two to ten fathoms in depth) where the seaweeds of
this genus grow.

LAMINARITE
Lam"i*na*rite, n. Etym: [See Lamina.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A broad-leafed fossil alga.

LAMINARY
Lam"i*na*ry, a.

Defn: Laminar.

LAMINATE
Lam"i*nate, a. Etym: [See Lamina.]

Defn: Consisting of, or covered with, laminæ, or thin plates, scales,
or layers, one over another; laminated.

LAMINATE
Lam"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Laminated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Laminating.] Etym: [See Lamina.]

1. To cause to separate into thin plates or layers; to divide into
thin plates.

2. To form, as metal, into a thin plate, as by rolling.

LAMINATE
Lam"i*nate, v. i.

Defn: To separate into laminæ.

LAMINATED
Lam"i*na`ted, a.

Defn: Laminate. Laminated arch (Arch.), a timber arch made of layers
of bent planks secured by treenails.

LAMINATING
Lam"i*na`ting, a.

Defn: Forming, or separating into, scales or thin layers.

LAMINATION
Lam`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: The process of laminating, or the state of being laminated.

LAMINIFEROUS
Lam`i*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Lamina + -ferous.]

Defn: Having a structure consisting of laminæ, or thin layers.

LAMINIPLANTAR
Lam`i*ni*plan"tar, a. Etym: [Lamina + L. planta sole of the foot.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the tarsus covered behind with a horny sheath continuous
on both sides, as in most singing birds, except the larks.

LAMINITIS
Lam`i*ni"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Lamina, and -itis.] (Far.)

Defn: Inflammation of the laminæ or fleshy plates along the coffin
bone of a horse; founder. Youatt.

LAMISH
Lam"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat lame. Wood.

LAMM
Lamm, v. t.

Defn: See Lam.

LAMMAS
Lam"mas, n. Etym: [AS. hlammesse, hlafmæsse, loaf mass, bread feast,
or feast of first fruits; hlaf loaf + mæsse mass. See Loaf, and Mass
religious service.]

Defn: The first day of August; -- called also Lammas day, and
Lammastide.

LAMMERGEIR; LAMMERGEIER
Lam"mer*geir, Lam"mer*gei`er, n. Etym: [G. lämmergeier; lamm, pl.
lämmer, lamb + geier vulture.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large vulture (Gypaëtus barbatus), which inhabits the
mountains of Southern Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa. When full-
grown it is nine or ten feet in extent of wings. It is brownish black
above, with the under parts and neck rusty yellow; the forehead and
crown white; the sides of the head and beard black. It feeds partly
on carrion and partly on small animals, which it kills. It has the
habit of carrying tortoises and marrow bones to a great height, and
dropping them on stones to obtain the contents, and is therefore
called bonebreaker and ossifrage. It is supposed to be the ossifrage
of the Bible. Called also bearded vulture and bearded eagle. [Written
also lammergeyer.]

LAMNUNGUIA
Lam*nun"gui*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. lamina a scale + unguis a
nail.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Hyracoidea.

LAMP
Lamp, n.Etym: [OE. (with excrescent p), fr. F. lame, L. lamina. See
Lamina.]

Defn: A thin plate or lamina. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LAMP
Lamp, n. Etym: [F. lampe, L. lampas, -adis, fr. Gr. Lampad, Lantern.]

1. A light-producing vessel, instrument or apparatus; especially, a
vessel with a wick used for the combustion of oil or other
inflammable liquid, for the purpose of producing artificial light.

2. Figuratively, anything which enlightens intellectually or morally;
anything regarded metaphorically a performing the uses of a lamp.
Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path. Ps. cxix.
105.
Ages elapsed ere Homer's lamp appeared. Cowper.

3. (Elec.)

Defn: A device or mechanism for producing light by electricity. See
Incandescent lamp, under Incandescent. Æolipile lamp, a hollow ball
of copper containing alcohol which is converted into vapor by a lamp
beneath, so as to make a powerful blowpipe flame when the vapor is
ignited. Weale.
 -- Arc lamp (Elec.), a form of lamp in which the voltaic arc is used
as the source of light.
 -- Dëbereiner's lamp, an apparatus for the instantaneous production
of a flame by the spontaneous ignition of a jet of hydrogen on being
led over platinum sponge; -- named after the German chemist
Döbereiner, who invented it. Called also philosopher's lamp.
 -- Flameless lamp, an aphlogistic lamp.
 -- Lamp burner, the part of a lamp where the wick is exposed and
ignited. Knight.
 -- Lamp fount, a reservoir for oil, in a lamp.
 -- Lamp jack. See 2d Jack, n., 4 (l) & (n).
 -- Lamp shade, a screen, as of paper, glass, or tin, for softening
or obstructing the light of a lamp.
 -- Lamp shell (Zoöl.), any brachiopod shell of the genus Terebratula
and allied genera. The name refers to the shape, which is like that
of an antique lamp. See Terebratula.
 -- Safety lamp, a miner's lamp in which the flame is surrounded by
fine wire gauze, preventing the kindling of dangerous explosive
gases; -- called also, from Sir Humphry Davy the inventor, Davy lamp.
 -- To smell of the lamp, to bear marks of great study and labor, as
a literary composition.

LAMPAD
Lam"pad, n. Etym: [Gr. Lamp.]

Defn: A lamp or candlestick. [R.]
By him who 'mid the golden lampads went. Trench.

LAMPADIST
Lam"pa*dist, n. Etym: [Gr. Lamp.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: One who gained the prize in the lampadrome.

LAMPADROME
Lam"pa*drome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A race run by young men with lighted torches in their hands. He
who reached the goal first, with his torch unextinguished, gained the
prize.

LAMPAS
Lam"pas, n. Etym: [F. lampas.]

Defn: An inflammation and swelling of the soft parts of the roof of
the mouth immediately behind the fore teeth in the horse; -- called
also lampers.

LAMPATE
Lam"pate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lampate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A supposed salt of lampic acid. [Obs.]

LAMPBLACK
Lamp"black`, n. Etym: [Lamp + black.]

Defn: The fine impalpable soot obtained from the smoke of
carbonaceous substances which have been only partly burnt, as in the
flame of a smoking lamp. It consists of finely divided carbon, with
sometimes a very small proportion of various impurities. It is used
as an ingredient of printers' ink, and various black pigments and
cements.

LAMPER EEL
Lam"per eel`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Lamprey.

LAMPERN
Lam"pern, n. Etym: [See Lamprey.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The river lamprey (Ammocoetes, or Lampetra, fluviatilis).

Note: The name is also applied to other river lampreys.

LAMPERS
Lam"pers, n.

Defn: See Lampas.

LAMPIC
Lam"pic, a. Etym: [F. lampique, fr. lampe lamp. See Lamp.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or produced by, a lamp; -- formerly said of a
supposed acid.

LAMPING
Lamp"ing, a.

Defn: Shining; brilliant. [Obs.] "Lamping eyes." Spenser.

LAMPLESS
Lamp"less, a.

Defn: Being without a lamp, or without light; hence, being without
appreciation; dull.
Your ladies' eyes are lampless to that virtue. Beau. & Fl.

LAMPLIGHT
Lamp"light`, n.

Defn: Light from a lamp.
This world's artificial lamplights. Owen Meredith.

LAMPLIGHTER
Lamp"light`er, n.

1. One who, or that which, lights a lamp; esp., a person who lights
street lamps.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The calico bass.

LAMPOON
Lam*poon", n. Etym: [F. lampon a drinking song, fr. lampons let us
drink, -- the burden of such a song, fr. lamper to guzzle, to drink
much and greedily; of German origin, and akin to E. lap to drink.
Prob. so called because drinking songs often contain personal slander
or satire.]

Defn: A personal satire in writing; usually, malicious and abusive
censure written only to reproach and distress.
Like her who missed her name in a lampoon, And grieved to find
herself decayed so soon. Dryden.

LAMPOON
Lam*poon", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lampooned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Lampooning.]

Defn: To subject to abusive ridicule expressed in writing; to make
the subject of a lampoon.
Ribald poets had lampooned him. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- To libel; defame; satirize; lash.

LAMPOONER
Lam*poon"er, n.

Defn: The writer of a lampoon. "Libelers, lampooners, and
pamphleteers." Tatler.

LAMPOONRY
Lam*poon"ry, n.

Defn: The act of lampooning; a lampoon, or lampoons.

LAMP-POST
Lamp"-post`, n.

Defn: A post (generally a pillar of iron) supporting a lamp or
lantern for lighting a street, park, etc.

LAMPREL
Lam"prel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Lamprey.

LAMPREY
Lam"prey, n. ; pl. Lampreys. Etym: [OE. lampreie, F. lamproie, LL.
lampreda, lampetra, from L. lambere to lick + petra rock, stone. The
lampreys are so called because they attach themselves with their
circular mouths to rocks and stones, whence they are also called
rocksuckers. See Lap to drink, Petrify.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An eel-like marsipobranch of the genus Petromyzon, and allied
genera. The lampreys have a round, sucking mouth, without jaws, but
set with numerous minute teeth, and one to three larger teeth on the
palate (see Illust. of Cyclostomi). There are seven small branchial
openings on each side. [Written also lamper eel, lamprel, and
lampron.]

Note: The common or sea lamprey of America and Europe (Petromyzon
marinus), which in spring ascends rivers to spawn, is considered
excellent food by many, and is sold as a market fish in some
localities. The smaller river lampreys mostly belong to the genus
Ammocoeles, or Lampetra, as A. fluviatilis, of Europe, and A.
æpypterus of America. All lampreys attach themselves to other fishes,
as parasites, by means of the suckerlike mouth.

LAMPRON
Lam"pron, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. lampreon. See Lamprey.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Lamprey.

LAMPYRINE
Lam*py"rine, n. Etym: [See Lampyris.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect of the genus Lampyris, or family Lampyridæ. See
Lampyris.

LAMPYRIS
Lam*py"ris, n. Etym: [L., glowworm, Gr. ( (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of coleopterous insects, including the glowworms.

LANARKITE
Lan"ark*ite, n. Etym: [From Lanarkshire, a county in Scotland.]
(Min.)

Defn: A mineral consisting of sulphate of lead, occurring either
massive or in long slender prisms, of a greenish white or gray color.

LANARY
La"na*ry, n. Etym: [L. lanaria, fr. lanarius belonging to wool, lana
wool.]

Defn: A place for storing wool.

LANATE; LANATED
La"nate, La"na*ted,Etym: [L. lanatus, fr. lana wool, down.]

Defn: Wooly; covered with fine long hair, or hairlike filaments.

LANCASHIRE BOILER
La"ca*shire boil"er

Defn: . A steam boiler having two flues which contain the furnaces
and extend through the boiler from end to end.

LANCASTERIAN
Lan`cas*te"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the monitorial system of instruction
followed by Joseph Lancaster, of England, in which advanced pupils in
a school teach pupils below them.

LANCE
Lance, n. Etym: [OE. lance, F. lance, fr. L. lancea; cf. Gr. Launch.]

1. A weapon of war, consisting of a long shaft or handle and a steel
blade or head; a spear carried by horsemen, and often decorated with
a small flag; also, a spear or harpoon used by whalers and fishermen.
A braver soldier never couched lance. Shak.

2. A soldier armed with a lance; a lancer.

3. (Founding)

Defn: A small iron rod which suspends the core of the mold in casting
a shell.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: An instrument which conveys the charge of a piece of ordnance
and forces it home.

5. (Pyrotech.)

Defn: One of the small paper cases filled with combustible
composition, which mark the outlines of a figure. Free lance, in the
Middle Ages, and subsequently, a knight or roving soldier, who was
free to engage for any state or commander that purchased his
services; hence, a person who assails institutions or opinions on his
own responsibility without regard to party lines or deference to
authority.
 -- Lance bucket (Cavalry), a socket attached to a saddle or stirrup
strap, in which to rest the but of a lance.
 -- Lance corporal, same as Lancepesade.
 -- Lance knight, a lansquenet. B. Jonson.
 -- Lance snake (Zoöl.), the fer-de-lance.
 -- Stink-fire lance (Mil.), a kind of fuse filled with a composition
which burns with a suffocating odor; -- used in the counter
operations of miners. To break a lance, to engage in a tilt or
contest.

LANCE
Lance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lanced (; p. pr. & vb. n. Lancing.]

1. To pierce with a lance, or with any similar weapon.
Seized the due victim, and with fury lanced Her back. Dryden.

2. To open with a lancet; to pierce; as, to lance a vein or an
abscess.

3. To throw in the manner of a lance. See Lanch.

LANCE FISH
Lance" fish`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A slender marine fish of the genus Ammodytes, especially
Ammodytes tobianus of the English coast; -- called also sand lance.

LANCEGAY; LANCEGAYE
Lance"gay`, Lance"gaye`, n. Etym: [OF. lancegaie, corrupted from the
same source as E. assagai, under the influence of F. lance lance. See
Assagai.]

Defn: A kind of spear anciently used. Its use was prohibited by a
statute of Richard II. Nares.
In his hand a launcegay, A long sword by his side. Chaucer.

LANCELET
Lance"let, n. Etym: [Lance + -let.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small fishlike animal (Amphioxus lanceolatus), remarkable for
the rudimentary condition of its organs. It is the type of the class
Leptocardia. See Amphioxus, Leptocardia.

LANCELY
Lance"ly, a.

Defn: Like a lance. [R.] Sir P. Sidney.

LANCEOLAR
Lan"ce*o*lar, a. Etym: [L. lanceola a little lance, dim. of lancea
lance: cf. F. lancéolaire.] (Bot.)

Defn: Lanceolate.

LANCEOLATE; LANCEOLATED
Lan"ce*o*late, Lan"ce*o*la`ted a. Etym: [L. lanceolatus: cf. F.
lancéol. See Lanceolar.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Rather narrow, tapering to a point at the apex, and sometimes
at the base also; as, a lanceolate leaf.

LANCEPESADE
Lance`pe*sade", n. Etym: [F. lancepessade, lanspessade, anspessade,
It. lancia spezzata a broken lance or demilance, a demilance roan, a
light horseman, bodyguard.]

Defn: An assistant to a corporal; a private performing the duties of
a corporal; -- called also lance corporal.

LANCER
Lan"cer, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lancier.]

1. One who lances; one who carries a lance; especially, a member of a
mounted body of men armed with lances, attached to the cavalry
service of some nations. Wilhelm.

2. A lancet. [Obs.]

3. pl. (Dancing)

Defn: A set of quadrilles of a certain arrangement. [Written also
lanciers.]

LANCET
Lan"cet, n. Etym: [F. lancette, dim. of lance lance. See Lance.]

1. A surgical instrument of various forms, commonly sharp-pointed and
two-edged, used in venesection, and in opening abscesses, etc.

2. (Metal.)

Defn: An iron bar used for tapping a melting furnace. Knight. Lancet
arch (Arch.), a pointed arch, of which the width, or span, is narrow
compared with the height.
 -- Lancet architecture, a name given to a style of architecture, in
which lancet arches are common; -- peculiar to England and 13th
century.
 -- Lancet fish. (Zoöl.) (a) A large, voracious, deep-sea fish
(Alepidosaurus ferox), having long, sharp, lancetlike teeth. (b) The
doctor, or surgeon fish.

LANCEWOOD
Lance"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tough, elastic wood, often used for the shafts of gigs,
archery bows, fishing rods, and the like. Also, the tree which
produces this wood, Duguetia Quitarensis (a native of Guiana and
Cuba), and several other trees of the same family (Anonaseæ).
Australian lancewood, a myrtaceous tree (Backhousia Australis).

LANCH
Lanch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lanched; p. pr. & vb. n. Lanching. See
Lanching. See Launch, Lance.]

Defn: To throw, as a lance; to let fly; to launch.
See Whose arm can lanch the surer bolt. Dryden & Lee.

LANCIFEROUS
Lan*cif"er*ous, a Etym: [Lance + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing a lance.

LANCIFORM
Lan"ci*form, a Etym: [Lance + -form: cf. F. lanciforme.]

Defn: Having the form of a lance.

LANCINATE
Lan"ci*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lancinated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Lancinating.] Etym: [L. lancinatus, p. p. of lancinare to fear.]

Defn: To tear; to lacerate; to pierce or stab. De Quincey.

LANCINATING
Lan"ci*na`ting, a.

Defn: Piercing; seeming to pierce or stab; as, lancinating pains
(i.e., severe, darting pains).

LANCINATION
Lan`ci*na"tion, n.

Defn: A tearing; laceration. "Lancinations of the spirit." Jer.
Taylor.

LAND
Land, n.

Defn: Urine. See Lant. [Obs.]

LAND
Land, n. Etym: [AS. land, lond; akin to D., G., Icel., Sw., Dan., and
Goth. land. ]

1. The solid part of the surface of the earth; -- opposed to water as
constituting a part of such surface, especially to oceans and seas;
as, to sight land after a long voyage.
They turn their heads to sea, their sterns to land. Dryden.

2. Any portion, large or small, of the surface of the earth,
considered by itself, or as belonging to an individual or a people,
as a country, estate, farm, or tract.
Go view the land, even Jericho. Josh. ii. 1.
Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth
accumulates and men decay. Goldsmith.

Note: In the expressions "to be, or dwell, upon land," "to go, or
fare, on land," as used by Chaucer, land denotes the country as
distinguished from the town.
A poor parson dwelling upon land [i.e., in the country]. Chaucer.

3. Ground, in respect to its nature or quality; soil; as, wet land;
good or bad land.

4. The inhabitants of a nation or people.
These answers, in the silent night received, The kind himself
divulged, the land believed. Dryden.

5. The mainland, in distinction from islands.

6. The ground or floor. [Obs.]
Herself upon the land she did prostrate. Spenser.

7. (Agric.)

Defn: The ground left unplowed between furrows; any one of several
portions into which a field is divided for convenience in plowing.

8. (Law)

Defn: Any ground, soil, or earth whatsoever, as meadows, pastures,
woods, etc., and everything annexed to it, whether by nature, as
trees, water, etc., or by the hand of man, as buildings, fences,
etc.; real estate. Kent. Bouvier. Burrill.

9. (Naut.)

Defn: The lap of the strakes in a clinker-built boat; the lap of
plates in an iron vessel; -- called also landing. Knight.

10. In any surface prepared with indentations, perforations, or
grooves, that part of the surface which is not so treated, as the
level part of a millstone between the furrows, or the surface of the
bore of a rifled gun between the grooves. Land agent, a person
employed to sell or let land, to collect rents, and to attend to
other money matters connected with land.
 -- Land boat, a vehicle on wheels propelled by sails.
 -- Land blink, a peculiar atmospheric brightness seen from sea over
distant snow-covered land in arctic regions. See Ice blink.
 -- Land breeze. See under Breeze.
 -- Land chain. See Gunter's chain.
 -- Land crab (Zoöl.), any one of various species of crabs which live
much on the land, and resort to the water chiefly for the purpose of
breeding. They are abundant in the West Indies and South America.
Some of them grow to a large size.
 -- Land fish a fish on land; a person quite out of place.Shak.
 -- Land force, a military force serving on land, as distinguished
from a naval force.
 -- Land, ho! (Naut.), a sailor's cry in announcing sight of land.
 -- Land ice, a field of ice adhering to the coast, in distinction
from a floe.
 -- Land leech (Zoöl.), any one of several species of blood-sucking
leeches, which, in moist, tropical regions, live on land, and are
often troublesome to man and beast.
 -- Land measure, the system of measurement used in determining the
area of land; also, a table of areas used in such measurement.
 -- Land, or House, of bondage, in Bible history, Egypt; by
extension, a place or condition of special oppression.
 -- Land o' cakes, Scotland.
 -- Land of Nod, sleep.
 -- Land of promise, in Bible history, Canaan: by extension, a better
country or condition of which one has expectation.
 -- Land of steady habits, a nickname sometimes given to the State of
Connecticut.
 -- Land office, a government office in which the entries upon, and
sales of, public land are registered, and other business respecting
the public lands is transacted. [U.S.] -- Land pike. (Zoöl.) (a) The
gray pike, or sauger. (b) The Menobranchus.
 -- Land service, military service as distinguished from naval
service.
 -- Land rail. (Zoöl) (a) The crake or corncrake of Europe. See
Crake. (b) An Australian rail (Hypotænidia Phillipensis); -- called
also pectoral rail.
 -- Land scrip, a certificate that the purchase money for a certain
portion of the public land has been paid to the officer entitled to
receive it. [U.S.] -- Land shark, a swindler of sailors on shore.
[Sailors' Cant] -- Land side (a) That side of anything in or on the
sea, as of an island or ship, which is turned toward the land. (b)
The side of a plow which is opposite to the moldboard and which
presses against the unplowed land.
 -- Land snail (Zoöl.), any snail which lives on land, as
distinguished from the aquatic snails are Pulmonifera, and belong to
the Geophila; but the operculated land snails of warm countries are
Dioecia, and belong to the Tænioglossa. See Geophila, and Helix.
 -- Land spout, a descent of cloud and water in a conical form during
the occurrence of a tornado and heavy rainfall on land.
 -- Land steward, a person who acts for another in the management of
land, collection of rents, etc.
 -- Land tortoise, Land turtle (Zoöl.), any tortoise that habitually
lives on dry land, as the box tortoise. See Tortoise.
 -- Land warrant, a certificate from the Land Office, authorizing a
person to assume ownership of a public land. [U.S.] -- Land wind.
Same as Land breeze (above).
 -- To make land (Naut.), to sight land. To set the land, to see by
the compass how the land bears from the ship.
 -- To shut in the land, to hide the land, as when fog, or an
intervening island, obstructs the view.

LAND
Land, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Landed; p. pr. & vb. n. Landing.]

1. To set or put on shore from a ship or other water craft; to
disembark; to debark.
I 'll undertake top land them on our coast. Shak.

2. To catch and bring to shore; to capture; as, to land a fish.

3. To set down after conveying; to cause to fall, alight, or reach;
to bring to the end of a course; as, he landed the quoit near the
stake; to be thrown from a horse and landed in the mud; to land one
in difficulties or mistakes.

LAND
Land, v. i.

Defn: To go on shore from a ship or boat; to disembark; to come to
the end of a course.

LANDAMMAN
Lan"dam*man, n. Etym: [G. Landamman; land land, country + amimann
bailiff. See Land, and Ambassador.]

1. A chief magistrate in some of the Swiss cantons.

2. The president of the diet of the Helvetic republic.

LANDAU
Lan"dau, n. Etym: [From the town Ladau in Germany; cf. F. landau. See
Land, Island.]

Defn: A four-wheeled covered vehicle, the top of which is divided
into two sections which can be let down, or thrown back, in such a
manner as to make an open carriage. [Written also landaw.]

LANDAULET
Lan`dau*let", n. Etym: [Cf. F. landaulet, dim, of landau. See
Landau.]

Defn: A small landau.

LANDDROST; LANDTROST
Land"drost`, n.; pl. -drosten  (#). Sometimes incorrectly Landtrost.
[D., fr. land land + drost a kind of official; akin to G. truchsess.]
In Cape Colony:
 (a) A chief magistrate in rural districts. He was replaced in 1827
by "resident magistrates."
 (b) The president of the Heemraad.

LANDED
Land"ed, a.

1. Having an estate in land.
The House of Commons must consist, for the most part, of landed men.
Addison.

2. Consisting in real estate or land; as, landed property; landed
security.

LANDER
Land"er, n.

1. One who lands, or makes a landing. "The lander in a lonely isle."
Tennyson.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A person who waits at the mouth of the shaft to receive the
kibble of ore.

LANDFALL
Land"fall, n.

1. A sudden transference of property in land by the death of its
owner.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Sighting or making land when at sea. A good landfall (Naut.),
the sighting of land in conformity with the navigator's reckoning and
expectation.

LANDFLOOD
Land"flood`, n.

Defn: An overflowing of land by river; an inundation; a freshet.
Clarendon.

LANDGRAVE
Land"grave`, n. Etym: [G. landgraf; land land + graf earl, count; cf.
D. landgraaf, F. landgrave.]

Defn: A German nobleman of a rank corresponding to that of an earl in
England and of a count in France.

Note: The title was first adopted by some German counts in the
twelfth century, to distinguish themselves from the inferior counts
under their jurisdiction. Three of them were princes of the empire.

LANDGRAVIATE
Land*gra"vi*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. landgraviat.]

1. The territory held by a landgrave.

2. The office, jurisdiction, or authority of a landgrave.

LANDGRAVINE
Land"gra*vine, n. Etym: [G. landgräfin; cf. D. landgravin.]

Defn: The wife of a landgrave.

LANDHOLDER
Land"hold`er, n.

Defn: A holder, owner, or proprietor of land.
 -- Land"hold`ing, n. & a.

LANDING
Land"ing, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to or used for, setting, bringing, or going, on
shore. Landing charges, charges or fees paid on goods unloaded from a
vessel.
 -- Landing net, a small, bag-shaped net, used in fishing to take the
fish from the water after being hooked.
 -- Landing stage, a floating platform attached at one end to a wharf
in such a manner as to rise and fall with the tide, and thus
facilitate passage between the wharf and a vessel lying beside the
stage.
 -- Landing waiter, a customhouse officer who oversees the landing of
goods, etc., from vessels; a landwaiter.

LANDING
Land"ing, n.

1. A going or bringing on shore.

2. A place for landing, as from a ship, a carriage. etc.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: The level part of a staircase, at the top of a flight of
stairs, or connecting one flight with another. Landing place. me as
Landing, n., 2 and 3.

LANDLADY
Land"la`dy, n.; pl. Landladies. Etym: [Cf. Landlord.]

1. A woman having real estate which she leases to a tenant or
tenants.

2. The mistress of an inn or lodging house.

LAND LEAGUE
Land League.

Defn: In Ireland, a combination of tenant farmers and other,
organized, with Charles Stewart Parnell as president, in 1879 with a
view to the reduction of farm rents and a reconstruction of the land
laws. -- Land"*lea`guer (#), n. -- Land"*lea`guism (#), n.

The Land League, of which Machael Davitt was the founder, originated
in Mayo in August, and at a Dublin in October the organization was
extended to all Ireland, with Parnell as president.
Encyc. Brit.

LANDLEAPER
Land"leap`er, n.

Defn: See Landlouper.

LANDLESS
Land"less, a.

Defn: Having no property in land.

LANDLOCK
Land"lock`, v. t.

Defn: To inclose, or nearly inclose, as a harbor or a vessel, with
land.

LANDLOCKED
Land"locked`, a.

1. Inclosed, or nearly inclosed, by land.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Confined to a fresh-water lake by reason of waterfalls or dams;
-- said of fishes that would naturally seek the sea, after spawning;
as, the landlocked salmon.

LANDLOPER
Land"lo`per, n.

Defn: Same as Landlouper.

LANDLORD
Land"lord`, n. Etym: [See Land, and Lord.]

1. The lord of a manor, or of land; the owner of land or houses which
he leases to a tenant or tenants.

2. The master of an inn or of a lodging house.
Upon our arrival at the inn, my companion fetched out the jolly
landlord. Addison.

LANDLORDISM
Land"lord`ism, n.

Defn: The state of being a landlord; the characteristics of a
landlord; specifically, in Great Britain, the relation of landlords
to tenants, especially as regards leased agricultural lands. J. S.
Mill.

LANDLORDRY
Land"lord`ry, n.

Defn: The state of a landlord. [Obs.]

LANDLOUPER
Land"loup`er, n. Etym: [D. landlooper, lit., landrunner; land land +
loopen to run. See Land, and Leap.]

Defn: A vagabond; a vagrant. [Written also landleaper and landloper.]
"Bands of landloupers." Moltey.

LANDLOUPING
Land"loup`ing, a.

Defn: Vagrant; wandering about.

LANDLUBBER
Land"lub`ber, n. Etym: [Prop. fr. land + lubber, or possibly
corrupted fr. laudlouper.] (Naut.)

Defn: One who passes his life on land; -- so called among seamen in
contempt or ridicule.

LANDMAN
Land"man, n.; pl. Landmen (.

1. A man who lives or serves on land; -- opposed to seaman.

2. (Eng.)

Defn: An occupier of land. Cowell.

LANDMARK
Land"mark`, n. Etym: [AS. landmearc. See Land, and Mark a sign.]

1. A mark to designate the boundary of land; any , mark or fixed
object (as a marked tree, a stone, a ditch, or a heap of stones) by
which the limits of a farm, a town, or other portion of territory may
be known and preserved.

2. Any conspicuous object on land that serves as a guide; some
prominent object, as a hill or steeple. Landmarks of history,
important events by which eras or conditions are determined.

LAND OF STEADY HABITS
Land of Steady Habits.

Defn: Connecticut; -- a nickname alluding to the moral character of
its inhabitants, implied by the rigid laws (see Blue laws) of the
early period.

LANDOWNER
Land"own`er, n.

Defn: An owner of land.

LANDOWNING
Land"own`ing, n.

Defn: The owning of land.
 -- a.

Defn: Having property in land; of or pertaining to landowners.

LAND-POOR
Land"-poor`, a.

Defn: Pecuniarily embarrassed through owning much unprofitable land.
[Colloq.]

LANDREEVE
Land"reeve`, n. Etym: [Land + reeve an officer.]

Defn: A subordinate officer on an extensive estate, who acts as an
assistant to the steward.

LANDSCAPE
Land"scape, n. [Formerly written also landskip.] Etym: [D. landschap;
land land + -schap, equiv. to E. -schip; akin to G. landschaft, Sw.
landskap, Dan. landskab. See Land, and -schip.]

1. A portion of land or territory which the eye can comprehend in a
single view, including all the objects it contains.

2. A picture representing a scene by land or sea, actual or fancied,
the chief subject being the general aspect of nature, as fields,
hills, forests, water. etc.

3. The pictorial aspect of a country.
The landscape of his native country had taken hold on his heart.
Macaulay.
Landscape gardening, The art of laying out grounds and arranging
trees, shrubbery, etc., in such a manner as to produce a picturesque
effect.

LANDSCAPIST
Land"scap`ist, n.

Defn: A painter of landscapes.

LANDSKIP
Land"skip, n. Etym: [See Landscape.]

Defn: A landscape. [Obs. except in poetry.]
Straight my eye hath caught new pleasures, Whilst the landskip round
it measures. Milton.

LANDSLIP; LANDSLIDE
Land"slip`, Land"slide`, n.

1. The slipping down of a mass of land from a mountain, hill, etc.

2. The land which slips down.

LANDSMAN
Lands"man, n.; pl. Landsmen.

1. One who lives on the land; -- opposed to seaman.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A sailor on his first voyage.

LANDSTHING
Lands"thing`, n. [Dan. landsthing, landsting, fr. land land + thing,
ting, parliament. See Land; Thing.] (Denmark.)

Defn: See Legislature, below.

LANDSTORM
Land"storm`, n. [Sw.]

Defn: See Varnpligtige.

LANDSTREIGHT
Land"streight`, n. Etym: [See Strait.]

Defn: A narrow strip of land. [Obs.]

LANDSTURM
Land"sturm`, n. Etym: [G. See Land, and Storm.]

Defn: That part of the reserve force in Germany which is called out
last.

LANDTAG
Land"tag`, n. Etym: [G. See Land, and Day.]

Defn: The diet or legislative body; as, the Landtag of Prussia.

LANDWAITER
Land"wait`er, n.

Defn: See Landing waiter, under Landing, a.

LANDWARD
Land"ward, adv. & a.

Defn: Toward the land.

LANDWEHR
Land"wehr`, n. Etym: [G., fr. land land, country + wehr defense.]

Defn: That part of the army, in Germany and Austria, which has
completed the usual military service and is exempt from duty in time
of peace, except that it is called out occasionally for drill.

LANE
Lane, a. Etym: [See Lone.]

Defn: Alone [Scot.] His lane, by himself; himself alone.

LANE
Lane, n. Etym: [OE. lane, lone, AS. lone, lone; akin to D. laan,
OFries. lana, lona.]

Defn: A passageway between fences or hedges which is not traveled as
a highroad; an alley between buildings; a narrow way among trees,
ras, a lane between lines of men, or through a field of ice.
It is become a turn-again lane unto them which they can not go
through. Tyndale.

LANG
Lang, a. & adv.

Defn: Long. [Obs. or Scot.]

LANGAHA
Lan"ga*ha, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A curious colubriform snake of the genus Xyphorhynchus, from
Madagascar. It is brownish red, and its hose is prolonged in the form
of a sharp blade.

LANGAREY
Lan`ga*rey", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of numerous species of long-winged, shrikelike birds of
Australia and the East Indies, of the genus Artamus, and allied
genera; called also wood swallow.

LANGATE
Lan"gate, n. (Surg.)

Defn: A linen roller used in dressing wounds.

LANGDAK
Lang"dak`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wolf (Canis pallipes), found in India, allied to the jackal.

LANGRAGE; LANGREL
Lan"grage, Lan"grel, n.

Defn: A kind of shot formerly used at sea for tearing sails and
rigging. It consisted of bolts, nails, and other pieces of iron
fastened together or inclosed in a canister.

LANGRET
Lan"gret, n.

Defn: A kind of loaded die. [Obs.]

LANGRIDGE
Lan"gridge, n.

Defn: See Langrage.

Note: [Sometimes compounded with shot.]

LANGSYNE
Lang`syne", adv. & n. Etym: [Scot. lang long + syne since.]

Defn: Long since; long ago. [Scot.]

LANGTERALOO
Lang`ter*a*loo", n. Etym: [See Loo.]

Defn: An old game at cards. See Loo (a) Tatler.

LANGUAGE
Lan"guage, n. Etym: [OE. langage, F. langage, fr. L. lingua the
tongue, hence speech, language; akin to E. tongue. See Tongue, cf.
Lingual.]

1. Any means of conveying or communicating ideas; specifically, human
speech; the expression of ideas by the voice; sounds, expressive of
thought, articulated by the organs of the throat and mouth.

Note: Language consists in the oral utterance of sounds which usage
has made the representatives of ideas. When two or more persons
customarily annex the same sounds to the same ideas, the expression
of these sounds by one person communicates his ideas to another. This
is the primary sense of language, the use of which is to communicate
the thoughts of one person to another through the organs of hearing.
Articulate sounds are represented to the eye by letters, marks, or
characters, which form words.

2. The expression of ideas by writing, or any other instrumentality.

3. The forms of speech, or the methods of expressing ideas, peculiar
to a particular nation.

4. The characteristic mode of arranging words, peculiar to an
individual speaker or writer; manner of expression; style.
Others for language all their care express. Pope.

5. The inarticulate sounds by which animals inferior to man express
their feelings or their wants.

6. The suggestion, by objects, actions, or conditions, of ideas
associated therewith; as, the language of flowers.
There was . . . language in their very gesture. Shak.

7. The vocabulary and phraseology belonging to an art or department
of knowledge; as, medical language; the language of chemistry or
theology.

8. A race, as distinguished by its speech. [R.]
All the people, the nations, and the languages, fell down and
worshiped the golden image. Dan. iii. 7.
Language master, a teacher of languages.[Obs.]

Syn.
 -- Speech; tongue; idiom; dialect; phraseology; diction; discourse;
conversation; talk.
 -- Language, Speech, Tongue, Idiom, Dialect. Language is generic,
denoting, in its most extended use, any mode of conveying ideas;
speech is the language of articulate sounds; tongue is the Anglo-
Saxon tern for language, esp. for spoken language; as, the English
tongue. Idiom denotes the forms of construction peculiar to a
particular language; dialects are varieties if expression which
spring up in different parts of a country among people speaking
substantially the same language.

LANGUAGE
Lan"guage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Languaged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Languaging.]

Defn: To communicate by language; to express in language.
Others were languaged in such doubtful expressions that they have a
double sense. Fuller.

LANGUAGED
Lan"guaged, a.

Defn: Having a language; skilled in language; -- chiefly used in
composition. " Manylanguaged nations." Pope.

LANGUAGELESS
Lan"guage*less, a.

Defn: Lacking or wanting language; speechless; silent. Shak.

LANGUED
Langued, a. Etym: [F. langue tongue. See Language.] (Her.)

Defn: Tongued; having the tongue visible.
Lions . . . represented as armed and langued gules. Cussans.

LANGUE D'OC
Langue` d'oc". Etym: [F., language of oc yes.]

Defn: The dialect, closely akin to French, formerly spoken south of
the Loire (in which the word for "yes" was oc); Provencal.

LANGUE D'OIL
Langue` d'oïl". Etym: [F., language of oïl yes.]

Defn: The dialect formerly spoken north of the Loire (in which the
word for "yes" was oïl, F. oui).

LANGUENTE
Lan*guen"te, adv. Etym: [It., p. pr. of languire. See Languish.]
(Mus.)

Defn: In a languishing manner; pathetically.

LANGUET
Lan"guet, n. Etym: [F. languette, dim. of langue tongue, L. lingua.]

1. Anything resembling the tongue in form or office; specif., the
slip of metal in an organ pipe which turns the current of air toward
its mouth.

2. That part of the hilt, in certain kinds of swords, which overlaps
the scabbard.

LANGUID
Lan"guid, a. Etym: [L. languidus, fr. languere to be faint or
languid: cf. F. languide. See Languish.]

1. Drooping or flagging from exhaustion; indisposed to exertion;
without animation; weak; weary; heavy; dull. " Languid, powerless
limbs. " Armstrong.
Fire their languid souls with Cato's virtue. Addison.

2. Slow in progress; tardy. " No motion so swift or languid."
Bentley.

3. Promoting or indicating weakness or heaviness; as, a languid day.
Feebly she laugheth in the languid moon. Keats.
Their idleness, aimless and languid airs. W. Black.

Syn.
 -- Feeble; weak; faint; sickly; pining; exhausted; weary; listless;
heavy; dull; heartless.
 -- Lan"guid*ly, adv.
 -- Lan"guid*ness, n.

LANGUISH
Lan"guish, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Languished; p. pr. & vb. n.
Languishing.] Etym: [OE. languishen, languissen, F. languir, L.
languere; cf. Gr. lakra to lag behind; prob. akin to E. lag, lax, and
perh. to E. slack.See -ish.]

1. To become languid or weak; to lose strength or animation; to be or
become dull, feeble or spiritless; to pine away; to wither or fade.
We . . . do languish of such diseases. 2 Esdras viii. 31.
Cease, fond nature, cease thy strife, And let me landguish into life.
Pope.
For the fields of Heshbon languish. Is. xvi. 8.

2. To assume an expression of weariness or tender grief, appealing
for sympathy. Tennyson.

Syn.
 -- To pine; wither; fade; droop; faint.

LANGUISH
Lan"guish, v. i.

Defn: To cause to dr [Obs.] Shak. Dryden.

LANGUISH
Lan"guish, n.

Defn: See Languishiment. [Obs. or Poetic]
What, of death, too, That rids our dogs of languish Shak.
And the blue languish of soft Allia's eye. Pope.

LANGUISHER
Lan"guish*er, n.

Defn: One who languishes.

LANGUISHING
Lan"guish*ing, a.

1. Becoming languid and weak; pining; losing health and strength.

2. Amorously pensive; as, languishing eyes, or look.

LANGUISHINGLY
Lan"guish*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a languishing manner.

LANGUISHMENT
Lan"guish*ment, n.

1. The state of languishing. " Lingering languishment." Shak.

2. Tenderness of look or mien; amorous pensiveness.

LANGUISHNESS
Lan"guish*ness, n.

Defn: Languishment. [Obs.]

LANGUOR
Lan"guor, n. Etym: [OE. langour, OF. langour, F. langueur, L.
languor. See Languish.]

1. A state of the body or mind which is caused by exhaustion of
strength and characterized by a languid feeling; feebleness;
lassitude; laxity.

2. Any enfeebling disease. [Obs.]
Sick men with divers languors. Wyclif (Luke iv. 40).

3. Listless indolence; dreaminess. Pope. " German dreams, Italian
languors." The Century.

Syn.
 -- Feebleness; weakness; faintness; weariness; dullness; heaviness;
lassitude; listlessness.

LANGUOROUS
Lan"guor*ous, a. Etym: [From Languor: cf. F. langoureux.]

Defn: Producing, or tending to produce, languor; characterized by
languor. [Obs. or Poetic]
Whom late I left in languorous constraint. Spenser.
To wile the length from languorous hours, and draw The sting from
pain. Tennyson.

LANGURE
Lan"gure, v. i.

Defn: To languish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LANGYA
Lan"gya, n. (Zoöl.) Etym: [Native name Anglicized.]

Defn: One of several species of East Indian and Asiatic fresh-water
fishes of the genus Ophiocephalus, remarkable for their power of
living out of water, and for their tenacity of life; -- called also
walking fishes.

LANIARD
Lan"iard, n.

Defn: See Lanyard.

LANIARIFORM
La`ni*ar"i*form, a. Etym: [Laniary + -form.] (Anat.)

Defn: Shaped like a laniary, or canine, tooth. Owen.

LANIARY
La"ni*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. laniarius, fr. lanius butcher, laniare to
tear in pieces: cf. F. laniaire.] (Anat.)

Defn: Lacerating or tearing; as, the laniary canine teeth.

LANIARY
La"ni*a*ry, n. Etym: [L. Laniary, a.]

1. The shambles; a place of slaughter. [R.]

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A laniary, or canine, tooth.

LANIATE
La"ni*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. laniatus, p. p. of laniare.]

Defn: To tear in pieces. [R.]

LANIATION
La`ni*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. laniatio.]

Defn: A tearing in pieces. [R.]

LANIER
Lan"ier, n. Etym: [F. lanière. See Lanyard.] [Written also lanner,
lanyer.]

1. A thong of leather; a whip lash. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. A strap used to fasten together parts of armor, to hold the shield
by, and the like. Fairholt.

LANIFEROUS
La*nif"er*ous, n. Etym: [L. lanifer; lana wool + ferre to bear: cf.
F. lanifère.]

Defn: Bearing or producing wool.

LANIFICAL
La*nif"i*cal, a. Etym: [L. lanificus; lana wool + facere to make.]

Defn: Working in wool.

LANIFICE
Lan"i*fice, n. Etym: [L. lanificium: cf. OF. lanifice.]

Defn: Anything made of wool. [Obs.] Bacon.

LANIGEROUS
La*nig"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. laniger; lano wool + gerere to hear.]

Defn: Bearing or producing wool.

LANIOID
La"ni*oid, a. Etym: [NL. Lanius (fr. L. lanius a butcher), the
typical genus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the shrikes (family Laniidæ).

LANK
Lank, a. [Compar. Lanker; superl. Lankest.] Etym: [AS. hlanc; cf. G.
lenken to turn, gelenk joint, OHG. hlanca hip, side, flank, and E.
link of a chain.]

1. Slender and thin; not well filled out; not plump; shrunken; lean.
Meager and lank with fasting grown. Swift.
Who would not choose . . . to have rather a lank purse than an empty
brain Barrow.

2. Languid; drooping.[Obs.]
Who, piteous of her woes, reared her lank head. Milton.
Lank hair, long, thin hair. Macaulay.

LANK
Lank, v. i. & t.

Defn: To become lank; to make lank. [Obs.] Shak. G. Fletcher.

LANKINESS
Lank"i*ness, n.

Defn: The condition or quality or being lanky.

LANKLY
Lank"ly, adv.

Defn: In a lank manner.

LANKNESS
Lank"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being lank.

LANKY
Lank"y, a.

Defn: Somewhat lank. Thackeray.
The lanky Dinka, nearly seven feet in height. The Century.

LANNER; LANNERET
Lan"ner, n. f. Lan"ner*et, n. m. Etym: [F. lanier, OF. also, lasnier.
Cf. Lanyard.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A long-tailed falcon (Falco lanarius), of Southern Europe,
Asia, and Northern Africa, resembling the American prairie falcon.

LANOLIN
Lan"o*lin, n. Etym: [L. lana wool + oleum oil.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A peculiar fatlike body, made up of cholesterin and certain
fatty acids, found in feathers, hair, wool, and keratin tissues
generally.

Note: Under the same name, it is prepared from wool for commercial
purposes, and forms an admirable basis for ointments, being readily
absorbed by the skin.

LANSEH
Lan"seh, n.

Defn: The small, whitish brown fruit of an East Indian tree (Lansium
domesticum). It has a fleshy pulp, with an agreeable subacid taste.
Balfour.

LANSQUENET
Lans"que*net, n. Etym: [F., fr. G. landsknecht a foot soldier, also a
game of cards introduced by these foot soldiers; land country +
knecht boy, servant. See Land, and Knight.]

1. A German foot soldier in foreign service in the 15th and 16th
centuries; a soldier of fortune; -- a term used in France and Western
Europe.

2. A game at cards, vulgarly called lambskinnet.
[They play] their little game of lansquenet. Longfellow.

LANT
Lant, n.

Defn: Urine. [Prov. Eng.] Nares.

LANT
Lant, n. Etym: [Cf. Lance.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small, slender, marine fishes of
the genus Ammedytes. The common European species (A. tobianus) and
the American species (A. Americanus) live on sandy shores, buried in
the sand, and are caught in large quantities for bait. Called also
launce, and sand eel.

LANT
Lant, n.

Defn: See Lanterloo. [Obs.] Halliwell.

LANTANIUM; LANTANUM
Lan*ta"ni*um, Lan"ta*num, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Lanthanum.

LANTANURIC
Lan`ta*nu"ric, a. Etym: [Formed by transposition of the letters of
allantoin and -uric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous organic acid of
the uric acid group, obtained by the decomposition of allantoin, and
usually called allanturic acid.

LANTERLOO
Lan"ter*loo`, n.

Defn: An old name of loo (a).

LANTERN
Lan"tern, n. Etym: [F. lanterne, L. lanterna, laterna, from Gr.
Lamp.]

1. Something inclosing a light, and protecting it from wind, rain,
etc. ; -- sometimes portable, as a closed vessel or case of horn,
perforated tin, glass, oiled paper, or other material, having a lamp
or candle within; sometimes fixed, as the glazed inclosure of a
street light, or of a lighthouse light.

2. (Arch.)
(a) An open structure of light material set upon a roof, to give
light and air to the interior.
(b) A cage or open chamber of rich architecture, open below into the
building or tower which it crowns.
(c) A smaller and secondary cupola crowning a larger one, for
ornament, or to admit light; such as the lantern of the cupola of the
Capitol at Washington, or that of the Florence cathedral.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: A lantern pinion or trundle wheel. See Lantern pinion (below).

4. (Steam Engine)

Defn: A kind of cage inserted in a stuffing box and surrounding a
piston rod, to separate the packing into two parts and form a chamber
between for the reception of steam, etc. ; -- called also lantern
brass.

5. (Founding)

Defn: A perforated barrel to form a core upon.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Aristotle's lantern.

Note: Fig. 1 represents a hand lantern; fig. 2, an arm lantern; fig.
3, a breast lantern; -- so named from the positions in which they are
carried. Dark lantern, a lantern with a single opening, which may be
closed so as to conceal the light; -- called also bull's-eye.
 -- Lantern fly, Lantern carrier (Zoöl.), any one of several species
of large, handsome, hemipterous insects of the genera Laternaria,
Fulgora, and allies, of the family Fulgoridæ. The largest species is
Laternaria phosphorea of Brazil. The head of some species has been
supposed to be phosphorescent.
 -- Lantern jaws, long, thin jaws; hence, a thin visage.
 -- Lantern pinion, Lantern wheel (Mach.), a kind of pinion or wheel
having cylindrical bars or trundles, instead of teeth, inserted at
their ends in two parallel disks or plates; -- so called as
resembling a lantern in shape; -- called also wallower, or trundle.
 -- Lantern shell (Zoöl.), any translucent, marine, bivalve shell of
the genus Anatina, and allied genera.
 -- Magic lantern, an optical instrument consisting of a case
inclosing a light, and having suitable lenses in a lateral tube, for
throwing upon a screen, in a darkened room or the like, greatly
magnified pictures from slides placed in the focus of the outer lens.

LANTERN
Lan"tern, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lanterned; p. pr. & vb. n. Lanterning.]
Etym: [Cf. F. lanterner to hang at the lamp post, fr. lanterne. See
Lantern.]

Defn: To furnish with a lantern; as, to lantern a lighthouse.

LANTERN-JAWED
Lan"tern-jawed`, a.

Defn: Having lantern jaws or long, thin jaws; as, a lantern-jawed
person.

LANTHANITE
Lan"tha*nite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Hydrous carbonate of lanthanum, found in tabular while
crystals.

LANTHANUM
Lan"tha*num, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A rare element of the group of the earth metals, allied to
aluminium. It occurs in certain rare minerals, as cerite, gadolinite,
orthite, etc., and was so named from the difficulty of separating it
from cerium, didymium, and other rare elements with which it is
usually associated. Atomic weight 138.5. Symbol La. [Formerly written
also lanthanium.]

LANTHOPINE
Lan"tho*pine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found in opium in small quantities, and extracted
as a white crystalline substance.

LANTHORN
Lan"thorn, n.

Defn: See Lantern. [Obs.]

LANUGINOSE; LANUGINOUS
La*nu"gi*nose`, La*nu"gi*nous, a. Etym: [L. lanuginosus, fr. lanugo,
-ginis, woolly substance, down, fr. lana wool: cf. F. lanugineux.]

Defn: Covered with down, or fine soft hair; downy.

LANUGO
La*nu"go, n. Etym: [See Lanuginose.] (Anat.)

Defn: The soft woolly hair which covers most parts of the mammal
fetus, and in man is shed before or soon after birth.

LANYARD
Lan"yard, n. Etym: [F.lanière thong, strap, OF. lasniere, fr. lasne
strap, thong, L. lacinia lappet. flap, edge of a garment. Cf.
Lanier.] [Written also laniard.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A short piece of rope or line for fastening something in ships;
as, the lanyards of the gun ports, of the buoy, and the like; esp.,
pieces passing through the dead-eyes, and used to extend shrouds,
stays, etc.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A strong cord, about twelve feet long, with an iron hook at one
end a handle at the other, used in firing cannon with a friction
tube.

LANYER
Lan"yer, n.

Defn: See Lanier.

LAOCOON; LAOCOOEN
La*oc"o*ön, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A priest of Apollo, during the Trojan war. (See 2.)

2. (Sculp.)

Defn: A marble group in the Vatican at Rome, representing the priest
Laocoön, with his sons, infolded in the coils of two serpents, as
described by Virgil.

LAODICEAN
La*od`i*ce"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Laodicea, a city in Phrygia Major; like the
Christians of Laodicea; lukewarm in religion. Rev. iii. 14-16.

LAP
Lap, n. Etym: [OE. lappe, AS. læppa; akin to D. lap patch, piece, G.
lappen, OHG. lappa, Dan. lap, Sw. lapp.]

1. The loose part of a coat; the lower part of a garment that plays
loosely; a skirt; an apron. Chaucer.

2. An edge; a border; a hem, as of cloth. Chaucer.
If he cuts off but a lap of truth's garment, his heart smites him.
Fuller.

3. The part of the clothing that lies on the knees or thighs when one
sits down; that part of the person thus covered; figuratively, a
place of rearing and fostering; as, to be reared in the lap of
luxury.
Men expect that happiness should drop into their laps. Tillotson.

4. That part of any substance or fixture which extends over, or lies
upon, or by the side of, a part of another; as, the lap of a board;
also, the measure of such extension over or upon another thing.

Note: The lap of shingles or slates in roofing is the distance one
course extends over the second course below, the distance over the
course immediately below being called the cover.

5. (Steam Engine)

Defn: The amount by which a slide valve at its half stroke overlaps a
port in the seat, being equal to the distance the valve must move
from its mid stroke position in order to begin to open the port. Used
alone, lap refers to outside lap. See Outside lap (below).

6. The state or condition of being in part extended over or by the
side of something else; or the extent of the overlapping; as, the
second boat got a lap of half its length on the leader.

7. One circuit around a race track, esp. when the distance is a small
fraction of a mile; as, to run twenty laps; to win by three laps. See
Lap, to fold, 2.

8. In card playing and other games, the points won in excess of the
number necessary to complete a game; -- so called when they are
counted in the score of the following game.

9. (Cotton Manuf.)

Defn: A sheet, layer, or bat, of cotton fiber prepared for the
carding machine.

10. (Mach.)

Defn: A piece of brass, lead, or other soft metal, used to hold a
cutting or polishing powder in cutting glass, gems, and the like, or
in polishing cutlery, etc. It is usually in the form of wheel or
disk, which revolves on a vertical axis. Lap joint, a joint made by
one layer, part, or piece, overlapping another, as in the scarfing of
timbers.
 -- Lap weld, a lap joint made by welding together overlapping edges
or ends.
 -- Inside lap (Steam Engine), lap of the valve with respect to the
exhaust port.
 -- Outside lap, lap with respect to the admission, or steam, port.

LAP
Lap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lapped (; p. pr. & vb. n. Lapping.]

1. To rest or recline in a lap, or as in a lap.
To lap his head on lady's breast. Praed.

2. To cut or polish with a lap, as glass, gems, cutlery, etc. See 1st
Lap, 10.

LAP
Lap, v. t. Etym: [OE. lappen to fold (see Lap, n.); cf. also OE.
wlappen, perh. another form of wrappen, E, wrap.]

1. To fold; to bend and lay over or on something; as, to lap a piece
of cloth.

2. To wrap or wind around something.
About the paper . . . I lapped several times a slender thread of very
black silk. Sir I. Newton.

3. To infold; to hold as in one's lap; to cherish.
Her garment spreads, and laps him in the folds. Dryden.

4. To lay or place over anything so as to partly or wholly cover it;
as, to lap one shingle over another; to lay together one partly over
another; as, to lap weather-boards; also, to be partly over, or by
the side of (something); as, the hinder boat lapped the foremost one.

5. (Carding & Spinning)

Defn: To lay together one over another, as fleeces or slivers for
further working. To lap boards, shingles, etc., to lay one partly
over another.
 -- To lap timbers, to unite them in such a way as to preserve the
same breadth and depth throughout, as by scarfing. Weale.

LAP
Lap, v. i.

Defn: To be turned or folded; to lie partly upon or by the side of
something, or of one another; as, the cloth laps back; the boats lap;
the edges lap.
The upper wings are opacous; at their hinder ends, where they lap
over, transparent, like the wing of a flay. Grew.

LAP
Lap, v. i. Etym: [OE. lappen, lapen, AS. lapian; akin to LG. lappen,
OHG. laffan, Icel. lepja, Dan. lade, Sw. läppja, L. lambere; cf. Gr.
llepio. Cf. Lambent.]

1. To take up drink or food with the tongue; to drink or feed by
licking up something.
The dogs by the River Nilus's side, being thirsty, lap hastily as
they run along the shore. Sir K. Digby.

2. To make a sound like that produced by taking up drink with the
tongue.
I heard the ripple washing in the reeds, And the wild water lapping
on the crag. Tennyson.

LAP
Lap, v. t.

Defn: To take into the mouth with the tongue; to lick up with a quick
motion of the tongue.
They 'II take suggestion as a cat laps milk. Shak.

LAP
Lap, n.

1. The act of lapping with, or as with, the tongue; as, to take
anything into the mouth with a lap.

2. The sound of lapping.

LAPAROCELE
Lap"a*ro*cele`, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A rupture or hernia in the lumbar regions.

LAPAROTOMY
Lap`a*rot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: A cutting through the walls of the abdomen, as in the Cæsarean
section.

LAPBOARD
Lap"board`, n.

Defn: A board used on the lap as a substitute for a table, as by
tailors.

LAPDOG
Lap"dog`, n.

Defn: A small dog fondled in the lap.

LAPEL
La*pel", n. Etym: [Dim. of lap a fold.]

Defn: That part of a garment which is turned back; specifically, the
lap, or fold, of the front of a coat in continuation of collar.
[Written also lappel and lapelle.]

LAPELLED
La*pelled", a.

Defn: Furnished with lapels.

LAPFUL
Lap"ful, n.; pl. Lapfuls (.

Defn: As much as the lap can contain.

LAPICIDE
Lap"i*cide, n. Etym: [L. lapicida, fr. lapis stone + caedere to cut.]

Defn: A stonecutter. [Obs.]

LAPIDARIAN
Lap`i*da"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to stone; inscribed on stone; as, a lapidarian
record.

LAPIDARIOUS
Lap`i*da"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. lapidarius, fr. lapis, -idis, stone.]

Defn: Consisting of stones.

LAPIDARY
Lap"i*da*ry, n. ; pl. Lapidaries. Etym: [L. lapidarius, fr.
lapidarius pertaining to stone: cf. F. lapidaire.]

1. An artificer who cuts, polishes, and engraves precious stones;
hence, a dealer in precious stones.

2. A virtuoso skilled in gems or precious stones; a connoisseur of
lapidary work. Lapidary's lathe, mill, or wheel, a machine consisting
essentially of a revolving lap on a vertical spindle, used by a
lapidary for grinding and polishing.

LAPIDARY
Lap"i*da*ry, a. Etym: [L. lapidarius pertaining to stone: cf. F.
lapidaire.]

1. Of or pertaining to the art of cutting stones, or engraving on
stones, either gems or monuments; as, lapidary ornamentation.

2. Of or pertaining to monumental inscriptions; as, lapidary
adulation. Lapidary style, that style which is proper for monumental
and other inscriptions; terse; sententious.

LAPIDATE
Lap"i*date, v. t. Etym: [L.lapidatus, p. p. of lapidare, fr. lapis
stone.]

Defn: To stone. [Obs.]

LAPIDATION
Lap`i*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. lapidatio: cf. F. lapidation.]

Defn: The act of stoning. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

LAPIDEOUS
La*pid"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. lapideus, fr. lapis stone.]

Defn: Of the nature of stone; [Obs.] Ray.

LAPIDESCENCE
Lap`i*des"cence, n.

1. The state or quality of being lapidescent.

2. A hardening into a stone substance.

3. A stony concretion. Sir T. Browne.

LAPIDESCENT
Lap`i*des"cent, a. Etym: [L. lapidescens, p. pr. of lapidescere to
become stone, fr. lapis, -idis, stone: cf. F. lapidescent.]

Defn: Undergoing the process of becoming stone; having the capacity
of being converted into stone; having the quality of petrifying
bodies.

LAPIDESCENT
Lap"i*des"cent, n.

Defn: Any substance which has the quality of petrifying other bodies,
or of converting or being converted into stone.

LAPIDIFIC; LAPIDIFICAL
Lap`i*dif"ic, Lap`i*dif"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. lapis, -idis, stone +
facere to make: cf. F. lapidifique.]

Defn: Forming or converting into stone.

LAPIDIFICATION
La*pid`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lapidification.]

Defn: The act or process of lapidifying; fossilization; petrifaction.

LAPIDIFY
La*pid"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lapidified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Lapidifying.] Etym: [Cf. f. lapidifier. See Lapidific, and -fy.]

Defn: To convert into stone or stony material; to petrify.

LAPIDIFY
La*pid"i*fy, v. i.

Defn: To become stone or stony

LAPIDIST
Lap"i*dist, n. Etym: [L. lapis, -idis, a stone.]

Defn: A lapidary. Ray.

LAPILLATION
Lap"il*la"tion, n.Etym: [See Lapilli.]

Defn: The state of being, or the act of making, stony.

LAPILLI
La*pil"li, n. pl. Etym: [L. lapillus a little stone, dim. of lapis
stone.] (Min.)

Defn: Volcanic ashes, consisting of small, angular, stony fragments
or particles.

LAPIS
La"pis, n.; pl. Lapides. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A stone. Lapis calaminaris (. Etym: [NL.] (Min.) Calamine.
 -- Lapis infernalis (. Etym: [L.] Fused nitrate of silver; lunar
caustic.

LAPIS LAZULI
La"pis laz"u*li. (Min.)

Defn: An albuminous mineral of a rich blue color. Same as Lazuli,
which see.

LAP-JOINTED
Lap"-joint`ed, a.

Defn: Having a lap joint, or lap joints, as many kinds of woodwork
and metal work.

LAPLANDER
Lap"land*er, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Lapland; -- called also Lapp.

LAPLANDISH
Lap"land*ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Lapland.

LAPLING
Lap"ling, n. Etym: [Lap of a garment + ling.]

Defn: One who has been fondled to excess; one fond of ease and
sensual delights; -- a term of contempt.

LAPP
Lapp, n.

Defn: Same as Laplander. Cf. Lapps.

LAPPACEOUS
Lap*pa"ceous, a. Etym: [L. lappaceus burlike, fr. lappa a bur.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Resembling the capitulum of burdock; covered with forked
points.

LAPPER
Lap"per, n. Etym: [From Lap to drink.]

Defn: One who takes up food or liquid with his tongue.

LAPPET
Lap"pet, n. Etym: [Dim. of lap a fold.]

Defn: A small decorative fold or flap, esp, of lace or muslin, in a
garment or headdress. Swift. Lappet moth (Zoöl.), one of several
species of bombycid moths, which have stout, hairy caterpillars, flat
beneath. Two common American species (Gastropacha Americana, and
Tolype velleda) feed upon the apple tree.

LAPPET
Lap"pet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lappeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Lappeting.]

Defn: To decorate with, or as with, a lappet. [R.] Landor.

LAPPIC
Lap"pic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Lapland, or the Lapps.
 -- n.

Defn: The language of the Lapps. See Lappish.

LAPPING
Lap"ping, n.

Defn: A kind of machine blanket or wrapping material used by calico
printers. Ure. Lapping engine, Lapping machine (Textile Manuf.), A
machine for forming fiber info a lap. See its Lap, 9.

LAPPISH
Lap"pish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Lapps; Laplandish.
 -- n.

Defn: The language spoken by the Lapps in Lapland. It is related to
the Finnish and Hungarian, and is not an Aryan language.

LAPPONIAN; LAPPONIC
Lap*po"ni*an, Lap*pon"ic, a.

Defn: Laplandish; Lappish.

LAPPS
Lapps, n. pl.; sing. Lapp (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A branch of the Mongolian race, now living in the northern
parts of Norway, Sweden, and the adjacent parts of Russia.

LAPSABLE
Laps"a*ble, a.

Defn: Lapsible. Cudworth.

LAPSE
Lapse, n. Etym: [L. lapsus, fr. labi, p. p. lapsus, to slide, to
fall: cf. F. laps. See Sleep.]

1. A gliding, slipping, or gradual falling; an unobserved or
imperceptible progress or passing away,; -- restricted usually to
immaterial things, or to figurative uses.
The lapse to indolence is soft and imperceptible. Rambler.
Bacon was content to wait the lapse of long centuries for his
expected revenue of fame. I. Taylor.

2. A slip; an error; a fault; a failing in duty; a slight deviation
from truth or rectitude.
To guard against those lapses and failings to which our infirmities
daily expose us. Rogers.

3. (Law)

Defn: The termination of a right or privilege through neglect to
exercise it within the limited time, or through failure of some
contingency; hence, the devolution of a right or privilege.

4. (Theol.)

Defn: A fall or apostasy.

LAPSE
Lapse, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lapsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Lapsing.]

1. To pass slowly and smoothly downward, backward, or away; to slip
downward, backward, or away; to glide; -- mostly restricted to
figurative uses.
A tendency to lapse into the barbarity of those northern nations from
whom we are descended. Swift.
Homer, in his characters of Vulcan and Thersites, has lapsed into the
burlesque character. Addison.

2. To slide or slip in moral conduct; to fail in duty; to fall from
virtue; to deviate from rectitude; to commit a fault by inadvertence
or mistake.
To lapse in fullness Is sorer than to lie for need. Shak.

3. (Law)
(a) To fall or pass from one proprietor to another, or from the
original destination, by the omission, negligence, or failure of some
one, as a patron, a legatee, etc.
(b) To become ineffectual or void; to fall.
If the archbishop shall not fill it up within six months ensuing, it
lapses to the king. Ayliffe.

LAPSE
Lapse, v. t.

1. To let slip; to permit to devolve on another; to allow to pass.
An appeal may be deserted by the appellant's lapsing the term of law.
Ayliffe.

2. To surprise in a fault or error; hence, to surprise or catch, as
an offender. [Obs.]
For which, if be lapsed in this place, I shall pay dear. Shak.

LAPSED
Lapsed, a.

1. Having slipped downward, backward, or away; having lost position,
privilege, etc., by neglect; -- restricted to figurative uses.
Once more I will renew His lapsed powers, though forfeit. Milton.

2. Ineffectual, void, or forfeited; as, a lapsed policy of insurance;
a lapsed legacy. Lapsed devise, Lapsed legacy (Law), a devise, or
legacy, which fails to take effect in consequence of the death of the
devisee, or legatee, before that of the testator, or for ether cause.
Wharton (Law Dict.).

LAPSIBLE
Laps"i*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to lapse.

LAPSIDED
Lap"sid`ed, a.

Defn: See Lopsided.

LAPSTONE
Lap"stone`, n.

Defn: A stone for the lap, on which shoemakers beat leather.

LAPSTREAK; LAPSTRAKE
Lap"streak`, Lap"strake`, a.

Defn: Made with boards whose edges lap one over another; clinker-
built; -- said of boats.

LAPUTAN
La*pu"tan, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Laputa, an imaginary flying island
described in Gulliver's Travels as the home of chimerical
philosophers. Hence, fanciful; preposterous; absurd in science or
philosophy. "Laputan ideas." G. Eliot.

LAP-WELDED
Lap"-weld`ed, a

Defn: Having edges or ends united by a lap weld; as, a lap-welded
pipe.

LAPWING
Lap"wing`, n. Etym: [OE.lapwynke, leepwynke, AS. hleápewince; hleápan
to leap, jump + (prob.) a word akin to AS. wincian to wink, E. wink,
AS. wancol wavering; cf. G. wanken to stagger, waver. See Leap, and
Wink.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European bird of the Plover family (Vanellus cristatus,
or V. vanellus). It has long and broad wings, and is noted for its
rapid, irregular fight, upwards, downwards, and in circles. Its back
is coppery or greenish bronze. Its eggs are the "plover's eggs" of
the London market, esteemed a delicacy. It is called also peewit,
dastard plover, and wype. The gray lapwing is the Squatarola cinerea.

LAPWORK
Lap"work`, n.

Defn: Work in which one part laps over another. Grew.

LAQUAY
Laq"uay, n.

Defn: A lackey. [Obs.] Evelyn.

LAQUEAR
La"que*ar, n.; pl. Laquearia. Etym: [L.] (Arch.)

Defn: A lacunar.

LAQUEARY
Laq"ue*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. laqueus a noose.]

Defn: Using a noose, as a gladiator. [Obs. or R.]
Retiary and laqueary combatants. Sir T. Browne.

LAR
Lar, n.; pl. Lares, sometimes Lars. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Myth.)

Defn: A tutelary deity; a deceased ancestor regarded as a protector
of the family. The domestic Lares were the tutelar deities of a
house; household gods. Hence, Eng.: Hearth or dwelling house.
Nor will she her dear Lar forget, Victorious by his benefit.
Lovelace.
The Lars and Lemures moan with midnight plaint. Milton.
Looking backward in vain toward their Lares and lands. Longfellow.

LAR
Lar, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of gibbon (Hylobates lar), found in Burmah. Called
also white-handed gibbon.

LARAMIE GROUP
Lar"a*mie group`. (Geol.)

Defn: An extensive series of strata, principally developed in the
Rocky Mountain region, as in the Laramie Mountains, and formerly
supposed to be of the Tertiary age, but now generally regarded as
Cretaceous, or of intermediate and transitional character. It
contains beds of lignite, often valuable for coal, and is hence also
called the lignitic group. See Chart of Geology.

LARBOARD
Lar"board`, n. Etym: [Lar- is of uncertain origin, possibly the same
as lower, i. e., humbler in rank, because the starboard side is
considered by mariners as higher in rank; cf. D. laag low, akin to E.
low. See Board, n., 8.] (Naut.)

Defn: The left-hand side of a ship to one on board facing toward the
bow; port; -- opposed to Ant: starboard.

Note: Larboard is a nearly obsolete term, having been superseded by
port to avoid liability of confusion with starboard, owing to
similarity of sound.

LARBOARD
Lar"board`, a.

Defn: On or pertaining to the left-hand side of a vessel; port; as,
the larboard quarter.

LARCENER; LARCENIST
Lar"ce*ner, Lar"ce*nist, n.

Defn: One who commits larceny.

LARCENOUS
Lar"ce*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. OE. larrecinos. See Larceny.]

Defn: Having the character of larceny; as, a larcenous act;
committing larceny. "The larcenous and burglarious world." Sydney
Smith.
 -- Lar"ce*nous*ly, adv.

LARCENY
Lar"ce*ny, n.; pl. Larcenies. Etym: [F. larcin, OE. larrecin, L.
latrocinium, fr. latro robber, mercenary, hired servant; cf. Gr.
(Latrociny.] (Law)

Defn: The unlawful taking and carrying away of things personal with
intent to deprive the right owner of the same; theft. Cf.
Embezzlement. Grand larceny and Petit larceny are distinctions having
reference to the nature or value of the property stolen. They are
abolished in England.
 -- Mixed, or Compound, larceny, that which, under statute, includes
in it the aggravation of a taking from a building or the person.
 -- Simple larceny, that which is not accompanied with any
aggravating circumstances.

LARCH
Larch, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. larege (Cotgrave), It.larice, Sp. larice,
alerce, G. lärche; all fr. L. larix, -icis, Gr. ( (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of coniferous trees, having deciduous leaves, in
fascicles (see Illust. of Fascicle).

Note: The European larch is Larix Europæa. The American or black
larch is L. Americana, the hackmatack or tamarack. The trees are
generally of a drooping, graceful appearance.

LARCHEN
Larch"en, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the larch. Keats.

LARD
Lard, n. Etym: [F., bacon, pig's fat, L. lardum, laridum; cf. Gr. (

1. Bacon; the flesh of swine. [Obs.] Dryden.

2. The fat of swine, esp. the internal fat of the abdomen; also, this
fat melted and strained. Lard oil, an illuminating and lubricating
oil expressed from lard.
 -- Leaf lard, the internal fat of the hog, separated in leaves or
masses from the kidneys, etc.; also, the same melted.

LARD
Lard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Larded; p. pr. & vb. n. Larding.] Etym: [F.
larder. See Lard, n.]

1. To stuff with bacon; to dress or enrich with lard; esp., to insert
lardons of bacon or pork in the surface of, before roasting; as, to
lard poultry.
And larded thighs on loaded altars laid. Dryden.

2. To fatten; to enrich.
[The oak] with his nuts larded many a swine. Spenser.
Falstaff sweats to death. And lards the lean earth as he walks along.
Shak.

3. To smear with lard or fat.
In his buff doublet larded o'er with fat Of slaughtered brutes.
Somerville.

4. To mix or garnish with something, as by way of improvement; to
interlard. Shak.
Let no alien Sedley interpose To lard with wit thy hungry Epsom
prose. Dryden.

LARD
Lard, v. i.

Defn: To grow fat. [Obs.]

LARDACEIN
Lar`da*ce"in, n. Etym: [See Lardaceous.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A peculiar amyloid substance, colored blue by iodine and
sulphuric acid, occurring mainly as an abnormal infiltration into the
spleen, liver, etc.

LARDACEOUS
Lar*da"ceous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lardacé.]

Defn: Consisting of, or resembling, lard. Lardaceous degeneration
(Med.), amyloid degeneration.

LARDER
Lard"er, n. Etym: [OF. lardier. See Lard, n.]

Defn: A room or place where meat and other articles of food are kept
before they are cooked. Shak.

LARDERER
Lard"er*er, n.

Defn: One in charge of the larder.

LARDERY
Lard"er*y, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. larderie.]

Defn: A larder. [Obs.]

LARDON; LARDOON
Lar"don, Lar*doon", n. Etym: [F. lardon, fr. lard lard.]

Defn: A bit of fat pork or bacon used in larding.

LARDRY
Lard"ry, n. Etym: [See Lardery.]

Defn: A larder. [Obs.]

LARDY
Lard"y, a.

Defn: Containing, or resembling, lard; of the character or
consistency of lard.

LARE
Lare, n. Etym: [See Lore.]

Defn: Lore; learning. [Obs.]

LARE
Lare, n.

Defn: Pasture; feed. See Lair. [Obs.] Spenser.

LARE
Lare, v. t.

Defn: To feed; to fatten. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

LARES
La"res, n. pl.

Defn: See 1st Lar.

LARGE
Large, a. [Compar. Larger; superl. Largest.] Etym: [F., fr. L.
largus. Cf. Largo.]

1. Exceeding most other things of like in bulk, capacity, quantity,
superficial dimensions, or number of constituent units; big; great;
capacious; extensive; -- opposed to small; as, a nlarge horse; a
large house or room; a large lake or pool; a large jug or spoon; a
large vineyard; a large army; a large city.

Note: For linear dimensions, and mere extent, great, and not large,
is used as a qualifying word; as, great length, breadth, depth; a
great distance; a great height.

2. Abundant; ample; as, a large supply of provisions.
We hare yet large day. Milton.

3. Full in statement; diffuse; full; profuse.
I might be very large upon the importance and advantages of
education. Felton.

4. Having more than usual power or capacity; having broad sympathies
and generous impulses; comprehensive; -- said of the mind and heart.

5. Free; unembarrassed. [Obs.]
Of burdens all he set the Paynims large. Fairfax.

6. Unrestrained by decorum; -- said of language. [Obs.] "Some large
jests he will make." Shak.

7. Prodigal in expending; lavish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

8. (Naut.)

Defn: Crossing the line of a ship's course in a favorable direction;
-- said of the wind when it is abeam, or between the beam and the
quarter. At large. (a) Without restraint or confinement; as, to go at
large; to be left at large. (b) Diffusely; fully; in the full extent;
as, to discourse on a subject at large.
 -- Common at large. See under Common, n.
 -- Electors at large, Representative at large, electors, or a
representative, as in Congress, chosen to represent the whole of a
State, in distinction from those chosen to represent particular
districts in a State. [U. S.] -- To give, go, run, or sail large
(Naut.), to have the wind crossing the direction of a vessel's course
in such a way that the sails feel its full force, and the vessel
gains its highest speed. See Large, a., 8.

Syn.
 -- Big; bulky; huge; capacious; comprehensive; ample; abundant;
plentiful; populous; copious; diffusive; liberal.

LARGE
Large, adv.

Defn: Freely; licentiously. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LARGE
Large, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A musical note, formerly in use, equal to two longs, four
breves, or eight semibreves.

LARGE-ACRED
Large"-a`cred, a.

Defn: Possessing much land.

LARGE-HANDED
Large"-hand`ed, a.

Defn: Having large hands, Fig.: Taking, or giving, in large
quantities; rapacious or bountiful.

LARGE-HEARTED
Large"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Having a large or generous heart or disposition; noble;
liberal.
 -- Large"-heart`ed*ness, n.

LARGELY
Large"ly, adv.

Defn: In a large manner. Dryden. Milton.

LARGENESS
Large"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being large.

LARGESS; LARGESSE
Lar"gess, Lar"gesse, n. Etym: [F. largesse, fr. large. See Large, a.]

1. Liberality; generosity; bounty. [Obs.]
Fulfilled of largesse and of all grace. Chaucer.

2. A present; a gift; a bounty bestowed.
The heralds finished their proclamation with their usual cry of
"Largesse, largesse, gallant knights!" and gold and silver pieces
were showered on them from the galleries. Sir W. Scott.

LARGET
Lar"get, n. Etym: [Cf. F. larget.]

Defn: A sport piece of bar iron for rolling into a sheet; a small
billet.

LARGHETTO
Lar*ghet"to, a. & adv. Etym: [It., dim. of largo largo.] (Mus.)

Defn: Somewhat slow or slowly, but not so slowly as largo, and rather
more so than andante.

LARGIFICAL
Lar*gif"i*cal, a. Etym: [L. largificus; largus large + facere.]

Defn: Generous; ample; liberal. [Obs.]

LARGIFLUOUS
Lar*gif"lu*ous, a. Etym: [L. largifiuus; large abundantly + fluere to
flow.]

Defn: Flowing copiously. [Obs.]

LARGILOQUENT
Lar*gil"o*quent, a. Etym: [Cf. L. largiloquus.]

Defn: Grandiloquent. [Obs.]

LARGISH
Lar"gish, a.

Defn: Somewhat large. [Colloq.]

LARGITION
Lar*gi"tion, Etym: [L. largitio, fr. largiri, p. p. largitus, to give
bountifully.]

Defn: The bestowment of a largess or gift. [Obs.]

LARGO
Lar"go, a. & adv. Etym: [It., large, L. largus, See Large.] (Mus.)

Defn: Slow or slowly; -- more so than adagio; next in slowness to
grave, which is also weighty and solemn.
 -- n.

Defn: A movement or piece in largo time.

LARIAT
Lar"i*at, n. Etym: [Sp. la reata the rope; la the + reata rope. Cf.
Reata.]

Defn: A long, slender rope made of hemp or strips of hide, esp. one
with a noose; -- used as a lasso for catching cattle, horses, etc.,
and for picketing a horse so that he can graze without wandering.
[Mexico & Western U.S.]

LARIAT
Lar"i*at, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lariated; p. pr. & vb. n. Lariating.]

Defn: To secure with a lariat fastened to a stake, as a horse or mule
for grazing; also, to lasso or catch with a lariat. [Western U.S.]

LARINE
La"rine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Gull family (Laridæ).

LARIXINIC
Lar`ix*in"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, or derived from, the larch (Larix); as, larixinic acid.

LARK
Lark, n. Etym: [Perh fr. AS. lac play, sport. Cf. Lake, v. i.]

Defn: A frolic; a jolly time. [Colloq.] Dickens.

LARK
Lark, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Larked; p. pr. & vb. n. Larking.]

Defn: To sport; to frolic. [Colloq.]

LARK
Lark, n. Etym: [OE. larke, laverock, AS. lawerce; akin to D.
leeuwerik, LG. lewerke, OHG. l, G. lerche, Sw. lärka, Dan. lerke,
Icel. lævirki.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one numerous species of singing birds of the genus Alauda
and allied genera (family Alaudidæ). They mostly belong to Europe,
Asia, and Northern Africa. In America they are represented by the
shore larks, or horned by the shore larks, or horned larks, of the
genus Otocoris. The true larks have holaspidean tarsi, very long hind
claws, and usually, dull, sandy brown colors.

Note: The European skylark, or lark of the poets (Alauda arvensis),
is of a brown mottled color, and is noted for its clear and sweet
song, uttered as it rises and descends almost perpendicularly in the
air. It is considered a table delicacy, and immense numbers are
killed for the markets. Other well-known European species are the
crested, or tufted, lark (Alauda cristata), and the wood lark (A.
arborea). The pipits, or titlarks, of the genus Anthus (family
Motacillidæ) are often called larks. See Pipit. The American meadow
larks, of the genus Sturnella, are allied to the starlings. See
Meadow Lark. The Australian bush lark is Mirafra Horsfieldii. See
Shore lark. Lark bunting (Zoöl.), a fringilline bird (Calamospiza
melanocorys) found on the plains of the Western United States.
 -- Lark sparrow (Zoöl.), a sparrow (Chondestes grammacus), found in
the Mississippi Valley and the Western United States.

LARK
Lark, v. i.

Defn: To catch larks; as, to go larking.

LARK-COLORED
Lark"-col`ored, a.

Defn: Having the sandy brown color of the European larks.

LARKER
Lark"er, n. Etym: [See 3d Lark, for sense 1, and 1st Lark, for sense
2.]

1. A catcher of larks.

2. One who indulges in a lark or frolic. [Colloq.]

LARK'S-HEEL
Lark's"-heel`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Indian cress.

LARKSPUR
Lark"spur, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of ranunculaceous plants (Delphinium), having showy
flowers, and a spurred calyx. They are natives of the North Temperate
zone. The commonest larkspur of the gardens is D. Consolida. The
flower of the bee larkspur (D. elatum) has two petals bearded with
yellow hairs, and looks not unlike a bee.

LARMIER
Lar"mi*er, n. Etym: [F., fr. larme tear, drop, L. lacrima. See
Lachrymose.] (Anat.)

Defn: See Tearpit.

LAROID
La"roid, a. Etym: [Larus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or belonging to the Gull family (Laridæ).

LARRIKIN
Lar"ri*kin, n. [Cf. E. dial. larrikin  a mischievous or frolicsome
youth, larrick lively, careless, larack to trolic, to romp.]

Defn: A rowdy street loafer; a rowdyish or noisy ill-bred fellow; --
variously applied, as to a street blackguard, a street Arab, a youth
given to horse-play, etc. [Australia & Eng.] -- a.

Defn: Rowdy; rough; disorderly. [Australia & Eng.]

Mobs of unruly larrikins.
Sydney Daily Telegraph.

 Larrikin is often popularly explained by the following anecdote
(which is without foundation): An Irish policeman at Melbourne, on
bringing a notorious rough into court, was asked by the magistrate
what the prisoner had been doing, and replied, "He was a-larrikin'
[i. e., a-larking] about the streets."

LARRUP
Lar"rup, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Larruped; p. pr. & vb. n. Larruping.]
Etym: [Perh, a corrupt. of lee rope, used by sailors in beating the
boys; but cf. D. larpen to thresh, larp a whip, blow.]

Defn: To beat or flog soundly. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] Forby.

LARRY
Lar"ry, n.

Defn: Same as Lorry, or Lorrie.

LARUM
Lar"um

Defn: , See Alarum, and Alarm.

LARVA
Lar"va, n.; pl. L. Larvæ, E. Larvas. Etym: [L. larva ghost, specter,
mask.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any young insect from the time that it hatches from the egg
until it becomes a pupa, or chrysalis. During this time it usually
molts several times, and may change its form or color each time. The
larvæ of many insects are much like the adults in form and habits,
but have no trace of wings, the rudimentary wings appearing only in
the pupa stage. In other groups of insects the larvæ are totally
unlike the parents in structure and habits, and are called
caterpillars, grubs, maggots, etc.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The early, immature form of any animal when more or less of a
metamorphosis takes place, before the assumption of the mature shape.

LARVAL
Lar"val, a. Etym: [L. larvalis ghostly. See Larva.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a larva.

LARVALIA
Lar*va"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Larval.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Tunicata, including Appendicularia, and allied
genera; -- so called because certain larval features are retained by
them through life. Called also Copelata. See Appendicularia.

LARVATE
Lar"vate, a. [L. larva mask.]

Defn: Masked; hence, concealed; obscure; -- applied in medicine to
doubtful cases of some diseases; as, larvate pneumonis; larvate
epilepsy.

LARVATED
Lar"va*ted, a. Etym: [L.larvatus bewitched. See Larva.]

Defn: Masked; clothed as with a mask.

LARVE
Larve, n.; pl.Larves. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A larva.

LARVIFORM
Lar"vi*form, a. Etym: [Larva + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the form or structure of a larva.

LARVIPAROUS
Lar*vip"a*rous, a. Etym: [Larva + L. parete to bring forth.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Depositing living larvæ, instead of eggs; -- said of certain
insects.

LARY
La"ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lare sea gull, L. larus a sort of sea bird,
Gr. (

Defn: A guillemot; -- called also lavy. [Prov. Eng.]

LARYNGEAL
Lar`yn*ge"al, a. Etym: [From Larynx.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the larynx; adapted to operations on the
larynx; as, laryngeal forceps.

LARYNGEAN
Lar`yn*ge"an, a.

Defn: See Laryngeal.

LARYNGECTOMY
Lar`yn*gec"to*my, n.  [Larynx + Gr.  to cut out.] (Surg.)

Defn: Excision of the larynx.

LARYNGISMUS
Lar`yn*gis"mus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Larynx.] (Med.)

Defn: A spasmodic state of the glottis, giving rise to contraction or
closure of the opening.

LARYNGITIS
Lar`yn*gi"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Larynx, and -tis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the larynx.

LARYNGOGRAPH
La*ryn"go*graph, n.  [larynx + -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for recording the larynx movements in speech.

LARYNGOLOGICAL
La*ryn`go*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to laryngology.

LARYNGOLOGIST
Lar`yn*gol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who applies himself to laryngology.

LARYNGOLOGY
Lar`yn*gol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Larynx + -logy.]

Defn: Systematized knowledge of the action and functions of the
larynx; in pathology, the department which treats of the diseases of
the larynx.

LARYNGOPHONY
Lar`yn*goph"o*ny, n. Etym: [Larynx + Gr. (

Defn: The sound of the voice as heard through a stethoscope when the
latter is placed upon the larynx.

LARYNGOSCOPE
La*ryn"go*scope, n. Etym: [Larynx + -scope.] (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument, consisting of an arrangement of two mirrors, for
reflecting light upon the larynx, and for examining its image.

LARYNGOSCOPIC
La*ryn`go*scop"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the inspection of the larynx.

LARYNGOSCOPIST
Lar`yn*gos"co*pist, n.

Defn: One skilled in laryngoscopy.

LARYNGOSCOPY
Lar`yn*gos"co*py, n.

Defn: The art of using the laryngoscope; investigations made with the
laryngoscope.

LARYNGOTOME
La*ryn"go*tome, n. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for performing laryngotomy.

LARYNGOTOMY
Lar`yn*got"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (laryngotomie.] (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of cutting into the larynx, from the outside of
the neck, for assisting respiration when obstructed, or for removing
foreign bodies.

LARYNGOTRACHEAL
La*ryn`go*tra"che*al, a. Etym: [Larynx + tracheal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to both larynx and trachea; as, the laryngotracheal
cartilage in the frog.

LARYNGOTRACHEOTOMY
La*ryn`go*tra`che*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [Larynx + tracheotomy.] (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of cutting into the larynx and the upper part of
the trachea, -- a frequent operation for obstruction to breathing.

LARYNX
Lar"ynx, n. [ (Anat.)

Defn: The expanded upper end of the windpipe or trachea, connected
with the hyoid bone or cartilage. It contains the vocal cords, which
produce the voice by their vibrations, when they are stretched and a
current of air passes between them. The larynx is connected with the
pharynx by an opening, the glottis, which, in mammals, is protected
by a lidlike epiglottis.

Note: In the framework of the human larynx, the thyroid cartilage,
attached to the hyoid bone, makes the protuberance on the front of
the neck known as Adam's apple, and is articulated below to the
ringlike cricoid cartilage. This is narrow in front and high behind,
where, within the thyroid, it is surmounted by the two arytenoid
cartilages, from which the vocal cords pass forward to be attached
together to the front of the thyroid. See Syrinx.

LAS
Las, n.

Defn: A lace. See Lace. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LAS
Las, a. & adv.

Defn: Less. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LASCAR
Las"car, n. Etym: [Per. & Hind. lashkar an army, an inferior
artillery man, a cooly, a native sailor.]

Defn: A native sailor, employed in European vessels; also, a menial
employed about arsenals, camps, camps, etc.; a camp follower. [East
Indies]

LASCIOUS
Las"ci*ous, a.

Defn: Loose; lascivious. [Obs.] "To depaint lascious wantonness."
Holland.

LASCIVIENCY
Las*civ"i*en*cy, n. Etym: [See Lascivient.]

Defn: Lasciviousness; wantonness. [Obs.]

LASCIVIENT
Las*civ"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. lasciviens, pr. of lascivire to be
wanton, fr. lascivus. See Lascivious.]

Defn: Lascivious. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

LASCIVIOUS
Las*civ"i*ous, a. Etym: [L. lascivia wantonness, fr. lascivus wanton;
cf. Gr. (lash to desire.]

1. Wanton; lewd; lustful; as, lascivious men; lascivious desires.
Milton.

2. Tending to produce voluptuous or lewd emotions.
He capers nimbly in a lady's chamber To the lascivious pleasing of a
lute. Shak.
-- Las*civ"i*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Las*civ"i*ous*ness, n.

LASERWORT
La"ser*wort`, n. Etym: [L.laser the juice of the laserwort.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the umbelliferous genus Laserpitium, of several
species (as L. glabrum, and L. siler), the root of which yields a
resinous substance of a bitter taste. The genus is mostly European.

LASH
Lash, n. Etym: [OE. lasche; cf. D. lasch piece set in, joint, seam,
G. lashe latchet, a bit of leather, gusset, stripe, laschen to
furnish with flaps, to lash or slap, Icel. laski gusset, flap, laska
to break.]

1. The thong or braided cord of a whip, with which the blow is given.
I observed that your whip wanted a lash to it. Addison.

2. A leash in which an animal is caught or held; hence, a snare.
[Obs.]

3. A stroke with a whip, or anything pliant and tough; as, the
culprit received thirty-nine lashes.

4. A stroke of satire or sarcasm; an expression or retort that cuts
or gives pain; a cut.
The moral is a lash at the vanity of arrogating that to ourselves
which succeeds well. L'Estrange.

5. A hair growing from the edge of the eyelid; an eyelash.

6. In carpet weaving, a group of strings for lifting simultaneously
certain yarns, to form the figure.

LASH
Lash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Lashng.]

1. To strike with a lash ; to whip or scourge with a lash, or with
something like one.
We lash the pupil, and defraud the ward. Dryden.

2. To strike forcibly and quickly, as with a lash; to beat, or beat
upon, with a motion like that of a lash; as, a whale lashes the sea
with his tail.
And big waves lash the frighted shores. Dryden.

3. To throw out with a jerk or quickly.
He falls, and lashing up his heels, his rider throws. Dryden.

4. To scold; to berate; to satirize; to censure with severity; as, to
lash vice.

LASH
Lash

Defn: ,. v. i. To ply the whip; to strike; to uttercensure or
sarcastic language.
To laugh at follies, or to lash at vice. Dryden.
To lash out, to strike out wildly or furiously.

LASH
Lash, v. t. Etym: [Cf. D. lasschen to fasten together, lasch piece,
joint, Sw. laska to stitch, Dan. laske stitch. See Lash, n. ]

Defn: To bind with a rope, cord, thong, or chain, so as to fasten;
as, to lash something to a spar; to lash a pack on a horse's back.

LASHER
Lash"er, n.

Defn: One who whips or lashes.

LASHER
Lash"er, n.

1. A piece of rope for binding or making fast one thing to another; -
- called also lashing.

2. A weir in a river. [Eng.] Halliwell.

LASHING
Lash"ing, n.

Defn: The act of one who, or that which, lashes; castigation;
chastisement. South. Lashing out, a striking out; also, extravagance.

LASHING
Lash"ing, n.

Defn: See 2d Lasher.

LASK
Lask, n.

Defn: A diarrhea or flux. [Obs.] Holland.

LASKET
Las"ket, n. Etym: [Cf. Lash, Latching.] (Naut.)

Defn: latching.

LASS
Lass, n. Etym: [OE. lasse; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. llodes
girl, fem. of llawd lad. (Lad a youth.]

Defn: A youth woman; a girl; a sweetheart.

LASSE
Lasse, a. & adv.

Defn: Less. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LASSIE
Las"sie, n.

Defn: A young girl; a lass. [Scot.]

LASSITUDE
Las"si*tude, n. Etym: [L. lassitudo, fr. lassus faint, weary; akin to
E. late: cf. F. lassitude. See Late.]

Defn: A condition of the body, or mind, when its voluntary functions
are performed with difficulty, and only by a strong exertion of the
will; languor; debility; weariness.
The corporeal instruments of action being strained to a high pitch .
. . will soon feel a lassitude. Barrow.

LASSLORN
Lass"lorn`, a.

Defn: Forsaken by a lass. Shak.

LASSO
Lass"o (lâs"so) n.; pl. Lassos (-soz). Etym: [Sp. lazo, L. laqueus.
See Lace.]

Defn: A rope or long thong of leather with, a running noose, used for
catching horses, cattle, etc. Lasso cell (Zoöl.), one of a peculiar
kind of defensive and offensive stinging cells, found in great
numbers in all coelenterates, and in a few animals of other groups.
They are most highly developed in the tentacles of jellyfishes,
hydroids, and Actiniæ. Each of these cells is filled with, fluid, and
contains a long, slender, often barbed, hollow thread coiled up
within it. When the cell contracts the thread is quickly ejected,
being at the same time turned inside out. The thread is able to
penetrate the flesh of various small, soft-bodied animals, and
carries a subtle poison by which they are speedily paralyzed and
killed. The threads, at the same time, hold the prey in position,
attached to the tentacles. Some of the jellyfishes, as the Portuguese
man-of-war, and Cyanea, are able to penetrate the human skin, and
inflict painful stings in the same way. Called also nettling cell,
cnida, cnidocell.

LASSO
Las"so, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lassoed; p. pr. & vb. n. Lassoing.]

Defn: To catch with a lasso.

LAST
Last, 3d pers. sing. pres.

Defn: of Last, to endure, contracted from lasteth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LAST
Last (, a. Etym: [OE. last, latst, contr. of latest, superl. of late;
akin to OS. lezt, lazt, last, D. laatst, G. letzt. See Late, and cf.
Latest.]

1. Being after all the others, similarly classed or considered, in
time, place, or order of succession; following all the rest; final;
hindmost; farthest; as, the last year of a century; the last man in a
line of soldiers; the last page in a book; his last chance.
Also day by day, from the first day unto the last day, he read in the
book of the law of God. Neh. viii. 18.
Fairest of stars, last in the train of night. Milton.

2. Next before the present; as, I saw him last week.

3. Supreme; highest in degree; utmost.
Contending for principles of the last importance. R. Hall
.

4. Lowest in rank or degree; as, the last prize. Pope.

5. Farthest of all from a given quality, character, or condition;
most unlikely; having least fitness; as, he is the last person to be
accused of theft.

At last, at the end of a certain period; after delay. "The duke of
Savoy felt that the time had at last arrived." Motley.
 -- At the last. Etym: [Prob. fr. AS. on laste behind, following
behind, fr. last race, track, footstep. See Last mold of the foot.]
At the end; in the conclusion. [Obs.] "Gad, a troop shall overcome
him; but he shall overcome at the last." Gen. xlix. 19.
 -- Last heir, the person to whom lands escheat for want of an heir.
[Eng.] Abbott.
 -- On one's last legs, at, or near, the end of one's resources;
hence, on the verge of failure or ruin, especially in a financial
sense. [Colloq.] -- To breathe one's last, to die.
 -- To the last, to the end; till the conclusion.
And blunder on in business to the last. Pope.

Syn.
 -- At Last, At Length. These phrases both denote that some delayed
end or result has been reached. At length implies that a long period
was spent in so doing; as, after a voyage of more than three months,
we at Length arrived safe. At last commonly implies that something
has occurred (as interruptions, disappointments, etc.) which leads us
to emphasize the idea of having reached the end; as, in spite of
every obstacle, we have at last arrived.

LAST
Last, adv. Etym: [See Last, a.]

1. At a time or on an occasion which is the latest of all those
spoken of or which have occurred; the last time; as, I saw him last
in New York.

2. In conclusion; finally.lastly
Pleased with his idol, he commends, admires, Adores; and, last, the
thing adored desires. Dryden.

3. At a time next preceding the present time.
How long is't now since last yourself and I Were in a mask Shak.

LAST
Last, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Lasting.] Etym:
[OE. lasten, As. læstan to perform, execute, follow, last, continue,
fr. last, l, trace, footstep, course; akin to G. leisten to perform,
Goth. laistjan to follow. See Last mold of the foot.]

1. To continue in time; to endure; to remain in existence.
[I] proffered me to be slave in all that she me would ordain while my
life lasted. Testament of Love.

2. To endure use, or continue in existence, without impairment or
exhaustion; as, this cloth lasts better than that; the fuel will last
through the winter.

LAST
Last, n. Etym: [AS. lasttrace, track, footstep; akin to D. leest a
last, G. leisten, Sw. läst, Dan. læst, Icel. leistr the foot below
the ankle, Goth. laists track, way; from a root signifying, to go.
Cf. Last, v. i., Learn, Delirium.]

Defn: A wooden block shaped like the human foot, on which boots and
shoes are formed.
The cobbler is not to go beyond his last. L'Estrange.
Darning last, a smooth, hard body, often egg-shaped, put into a
stocking to preserve its shape in darning.

LAST
Last, v. t.

Defn: To shape with a last; to fasten or fit to a last; to place
smoothly on a last; as, to last a boot.

LAST
Last, n. Etym: [As. hlæst, fr. hladan to lade; akin to OHG. hlast,
G., D., Dan., & Sw. last: cf. F. laste, last, a last, of German or
Dutch origin. See Lade.]

1. A load; a heavy burden; hence, a certain weight or measure,
generally estimated at 4,000 lbs., but varying for different articles
and in different countries. In England, a last of codfish, white
herrings, meal, or ashes, is twelve barrels; a last of corn, ten
quarters, or eighty bushels, in some parts of England, twenty-one
quarters; of gunpowder, twenty-four barrels, each containing 100 lbs;
of red herrings, twenty cades, or 20,000; of hides, twelve dozen; of
leather, twenty dickers; of pitch and tar, fourteen barrels; of wool,
twelve sacks; of flax or feathers, 1,700 lbs.

2. The burden of a ship; a cargo.

LASTAGE
Last"age n. Etym: [E. lestage ballasting, fr. lest ballast, or LL.
lastagium, lestagium. See Last a load.]

1. A duty exacted, in some fairs or markets, for the right to carry
things where one will. [Obs.]

2. A tax on wares sold by the last. [Obs.] Cowell.

3. The lading of a ship; also, ballast. Spelman.

4. Room for stowing goods, as in a ship.

LASTE
Last"e, obs. imp.

Defn: of Last, to endure. Chaucer.

LASTER
Last"er, n.

Defn: A workman whose business it is to shape boots or shoes, or
place leather smoothly, on lasts; a tool for stretching leather on a
last.

LASTERY
Last"er*y, n.

Defn: A red color.[Obs.] Spenser.

LASTING
Last"ing, a.

Defn: Existing or continuing a long while; enduring; as, a lasting
good or evil; a lasting color.

Syn.
 -- Durable; permanent; undecaying; perpetual; unending.
 -- Lasting, Permanent, Durable. Lasting commonly means merely
continuing in existence; permanent carries the idea of continuing in
the same state, position, or course; durable means lasting in spite
of agencies which tend to destroy.

LASTING
Last"ing, n.

1. Continuance; endurance. Locke.

2. A species of very durable woolen stuff, used for women's shoes;
everlasting.

3. The act or process of shaping on a last.

LASTING
Last"ing, adv.

Defn: In a lasting manner.

LASTINGLY
Last"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lasting manner.

LASTLY
Last"ly, adv.

1. In the last place; in conclusion.

2. at last; finally.

LAT
Lat, v. t.

Defn: To let; to allow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LATA; LATAH
La"ta, La"tah, n. [Malay.]

Defn: A convulsive tic or hysteric neurosis prevalent among Malays,
similar to or identical with miryachit and jumping disease, the
person affected performing various involuntary actions and making
rapid inarticulate ejaculations in imitation of the actions and words
of another person.

LATAKIA
Lat`a*ki"a, n. Etym: [Turk.]

Defn: A superior quality of Turkish smoking tobacco, so called from
the place where produced, the ancient Laodicea.

LATCH
Latch, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. lécher to lick (of German origin). Cf.
Lick.]

Defn: To smear; to anoint. [Obs.] Shak.

LATCH
Latch, n. Etym: [OE. lacche, fr. lacchen to seize, As. læccan.]

1. That which fastens or holds; a lace; a snare. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

2. A movable piece which holds anything in place by entering a notch
or cavity; specifically, the catch which holds a door or gate when
closed, though it be not bolted.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A latching.

4. A crossbow. [Obs.] Wright.

LATCH
Latch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Latched; p. pr. & vb. n. Latching.] Etym:
[OE.lacchen. See Latch. n.]

1. To catch so as to hold. [Obs.]
Those that remained threw darts at our men, and latching our darts,
sent them again at us. Golding.

2. To catch or fasten by means of a latch.
The door was only latched. Locke.

LATCHET
Latch"et, n. Etym: [OE. lachet, from an OF. dialect form of F. lacet
plaited string, lace dim. of lacs. See Lace.]

Defn: The string that fastens a shoe; a shoestring.

LATCHING
Latch"ing, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A loop or eye formed on the head rope of a bonnet, by which it
is attached to the foot of a sail; -- called also latch and lasket.
[Usually in pl.]

LATCHKEY
Latch"key`, n.

Defn: A key used to raise, or throw back, the latch of a door, esp. a
night latch.

LATCHSTRING
Latch"string`, n.

Defn: A string for raising the latch of a door by a person outside.
It is fastened to the latch and passed through a hole above it in the
door. To find the latchstring out, to meet with hospitality; to be
welcome. (Intrusion is prevented by drawing in the latchstring.)
[Colloq. U.S.]

LATE
Late, a. [Compar. Later, or latter (; superl. Latest.] Etym: [OE. lat
slow, slack, As.læt; akin to Os. lat, D. laat late, G. lass weary,
lazy, slack, Icel. latr, Sw. lat, Dan. lad, Goth. lats, and to E.
let, v. See Let to permit, and cf. Alas, Lassitude.]

1. Coming after the time when due, or after the usual or proper time;
not early; slow; tardy; long delayed; as, a late spring.

2. Far advanced toward the end or close; as, a late hour of the day;
a late period of life.

3. Existing or holding some position not long ago, but not now;
lately deceased, departed, or gone out of office; as, the late bishop
of London; the late administration.

4. Not long past; happening not long ago; recent; as, the late rains;
we have received late intelligence.

5. Continuing or doing until an advanced hour of the night; as, late
revels; a late watcher.

LATE
Late, adv. Etym: [AS. late. See Late, a.]

1. After the usual or proper time, or the time appointed; after
delay; as, he arrived late; -- opposed to early.

2. Not long ago; lately.

3. Far in the night, day, week, or other particular period; as, to
lie abed late; to sit up late at night. Of late, in time not long
past, or near the present; lately; as, the practice is of late
uncommon.
 -- Too late, after the proper or available time; when the time or
opportunity is past.

LATED
Lat"ed, a.

Defn: Belated; too late. [Obs.] Shak.

LATEEN
La*teen", a. (Naut.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a peculiar rig used in the Mediterranean
and adjacent waters, esp. on the northern coast of Africa. See below.
Lateen sail. Etym: [F. voile latine a sail in the shape of a right-
angled triangle; cf. It. & Sp. vela latina; properly Latin sail. See
Latin.] (Naut.) A triangular sail, extended by a long yard, which is
slung at about one fourth of its length from the lower end, to a low
mast, this end being brought down at the tack, while the other end is
elevated at an angle or about forty-five degrees; -- used in small
boats, feluccas, xebecs, etc., especially in the Mediterranean and
adjacent waters. Some lateen sails have also a boom on the lower
side.

LATELY
Late"ly, adv.

Defn: Not long ago; recently; as, he has lately arrived from Italy.

LATENCE
La"tence, n.

Defn: Latency. Coleridge.

LATENCY
La"ten*cy, n. Etym: [See Latent.]

Defn: The state or quality of being latent.
To simplify the discussion, I shall distinguish three degrees of this
latency. Sir W. Hamilton.

LATENESS
Late"ness, n.

Defn: The state, condition, or quality, of being late; as, the
lateness of his arrival; the lateness of the hour; the lateness of
the season.

LATENT
La"tent, a. Etym: [L. latens, -entis, p. pr. of latere to lie hid or
concealed; cf. Gr. lethargy: cf. F.latent.]

Defn: Not visible or apparent; hidden; springs of action.
The evils latent in the most promising contrivances are provided for
as they arise. Burke.
Latent buds (bot.), buds which remain undeveloped or dormant for a
long time, but may at length grow. Latent heat (Physics), that
quantity of heat which disappears or becomes concealed in a body
while producing some change in it other than rise of temperature, as
fusion, evaporation, or expansion, the quantity being constant for
each particular body and for each species of change.
 -- Latent period. (a) (Med.) The regular time in which a disease is
supposed to be existing without manifesting itself. (b) (Physiol.)
One of the phases in a simple muscular contraction, in which
invisible preparatory changes are taking place in the nerve and
muscle. (c) (Biol.) One of those periods or resting stages in the
development of the ovum, in which development is arrested prior to
renewed activity.

LATENTLY
La"tent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a secret or concealed manner; invisibly.

LATER
La"ter, n.; pl. Lateres. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A brick or tile. Knight.

LATER
Lat"er, a.

Defn: Compar. of Late, a. & adv.

LATERAD
Lat"er*ad, adv. Etym: [L. latus, lateris, side + ad to.] (Anat.)

Defn: Toward the side; away from the mesial plane; -- opposed to
mesiad.

LATERAL
Lat"er*al, a. Etym: [L. lateralis, fr. latus, lateris, side: cf.
F.latéral.]

1. Of or pertaining to the sides; as, the lateral walls of a house;
the lateral branches of a tree.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Lying at, or extending toward, the side; away from the mesial
plane; external; -- opposed to mesial.

3. Directed to the side; as, a lateral view of a thing. Lateral
cleavage (Crystallog.), cleavage parallel to the lateral planes.
 -- Lateral equation (Math.), an equation of the first degree. [Obs.]
-- Lateral line (Anat.), in fishes, a line of sensory organs along
either side of the body, often marked by a distinct line of color.
 -- Lateral pressure or stress (Mech.), a pressure or stress at right
angles to the length, as of a beam or bridge; -- distinguished from
longitudinal pressure or stress.
 -- Lateral strength (Mech.), strength which resists a tendency to
fracture arising from lateral pressure.
 -- Lateral system (Bridge Building), the system of horizontal braces
(as between two vertical trusses) by which lateral stiffness is
secured.

LATERALITY
Lat`er*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being lateral.

LATERALLY
Lat"er*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By the side; sidewise; toward, or from, the side.

LATERAN
Lat"er*an, n.

Defn: The church and palace of St. John Lateran, the church being the
cathedral church of Rome, and the highest in rank of all churches in
the Catholic world.

Note: The name is said to have been derived from that of the Laterani
family, who possessed a palace on or near the spot where the church
now stands. In this church several ecclesiastical councils, hence
called Lateran councils, have been held.

LATERED
Lat"ered, a.

Defn: Inclined to delay; dilatory. [Obs.] "When a man is too
latered." Chaucer.

LATERIFOLIOUS
Lat`er*i*fo"li*ous, a. Etym: [L. latus, lateris, side + folium leaf:
cf. F. latérifolié.] (Bot.)

Defn: Growing from the stem by the side of a leaf; as, a
laterifolious flower.

LATERITE
Lat"er*ite, n. Etym: [L. later brick, tile: cf. F. latérite.] (Geol.)

Defn: An argillaceous sandstone, of a red color, and much seamed; --
found in India.

LATERITIC
Lat`er*it"ic, a.

Defn: consisting of, containing, or characterized by, laterite; as,
lateritic formations.

LATERITIC
Lat`er*it"ic, a.

Defn: Consisting of, containing, or characterized by, laterite; as,
lateritic formations.

LATERITIOUS
Lat"er*i"tious, a. Etym: [L.lateritius, fr. later a brick.]

Defn: Like bricks; of the color of red bricks. Lateritious sediment
(Med.), a sediment in urine resembling brick dust, observed after the
crises of fevers, and at the termination of gouty paroxysms. It
usually consists of uric acid or urates with some coloring matter.

LATES
La"tes, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large percoid fishes, of which one species (Lates
Niloticus) inhabits the Nile, and another (L. calcarifer

LATESCENCE
La*tes"cence, n.

Defn: A slight withdrawal from view or knowledge. Sir W. Hamilton.

LATESCENT
La*tes"cent, a. Etym: [L. latescens, -entis, p. pr. of latescere to
be concealed, fr. latere to be hid.]

Defn: Slightly withdrawn from view or knowledge; as, a latescent
meaning. Sir W. Hamilton.

LATEWAKE
Late"wake`, n.

Defn: See Lich wake, under Lich.

LATEWARD
Late"ward, a. & adv.

Defn: Somewhat late; backward. [Obs.] "Lateward lands." Holland.

LATEX
La"tex, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A milky or colored juice in certain plants in cavities (called
latex cells or latex tubes). It contains the peculiar principles of
the plants, whether aromatic, bitter, or acid, and in many instances
yields caoutchouc upon coagulation.

LATH
Lath, n.; pl. Laths. Etym: [OE. laththe, latthe, latte, AS. lætta;
akin to D. lat, G. latte, OHG. latta; cf. W. llath a rod, staff,
yard. Cf. Lattice, Latten.]

Defn: A thin, narrow strip of wood, nailed to the rafters, studs, or
floor beams of a building, for the purpose of supporting the tiles,
plastering, etc. A corrugated metallic strip or plate is sometimes
used. Lath brick, a long, slender brick, used in making the floor on
which malt is placed in the drying kiln. Lath nail a slender nail for
fastening laths.

LATH
Lath, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lathed; p. pr. & vb. n. Lathing.]

Defn: To cover or line with laths.

LATHE
Lathe, n. Etym: [AS.læedh. Of. uncertain origin.]

Defn: Formerly, a part or division of a county among the Anglo-
Saxons. At present it consists of four or five hundreds, and is
confined to the county of Kent. [Written also lath.] Brande & C.

LATHE
Lathe, n. Etym: [OE. lathe a granary; akin to G. lade a chest, Icel.
hlaedha a storehouse, barn; but cf. also Icel. löedh a smith's lathe.
Senses 2 and 3 are perh. of the same origin as lathe a granary, the
original meaning being, a frame to hold something. If so, the word is
from an older form of E. lade to load. See Lade to load.]

1. A granary; a barn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A machine for turning, that is, for shaping articles of wood,
metal, or other material, by causing them to revolve while acted upon
by a cutting tool.

3. The movable swing frame of a loom, carrying the reed for
separating the warp threads and beating up the weft; -- called also
lay and batten. Blanchard lathe, a lathe for turning irregular forms
after a given pattern, as lasts, gunstocks, and the like.
 -- Drill lathe, or Speed lathe, a small lathe which, from its high
speed, is adapted for drilling; a hand lathe.
 -- Engine lathe, a turning lathe in which the cutting tool has an
automatic feed; -- used chiefly for turning and boring metals,
cutting screws, etc.
 -- Foot lathe, a lathe which is driven by a treadle worked by the
foot.
 -- Geometric lathe. See under Geometric -- Hand lathe, a lathe
operated by hand; a power turning lathe without an automatic feed for
the tool.
 -- Slide lathe, an engine lathe.
 -- Throw lathe, a small lathe worked by one hand, while the cutting
tool is held in the other.

LATHER
Lath"er, n. Etym: [AS. leáedhor niter, in leáedhorwyrt soapwort; cf.
Icel. lau; perh. akin to E. lye.]

1. Foam or froth made by soap moistened with water.

2. Foam from profuse sweating, as of a horse.

LATHER
Lath"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lathered; p. pr. & vb. n. Lathering.]
Etym: [AS. leedhrian to lather, anoint. See Lather, n. ]

Defn: To spread over with lather; as, to lather the face.

LATHER
Lath"er, v. i.

Defn: To form lather, or a froth like lather; to accumulate foam from
profuse sweating, as a horse.

LATHER
Lath"er, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Leather.]

Defn: To beat severely with a thong, strap, or the like; to flog.
[Low]

LATHEREEVE; LATHREEVE
Lathe"reeve`, Lath"reeve`, n.

Defn: Formerly, the head officer of a lathe. See 1st Lathe.

LATHING
Lath"ing, n.

Defn: The act or process of covering with laths; laths, collectively;
a covering of laths.

LATH-SHAPED
Lath"-shaped`, a.

Defn: Having a slender elongated form, like a lath; -- said of the
feldspar of certain igneous rocks, as diabase, as seen in microscopic
sections.

LATHWORK
Lath"work`, n.

Defn: Same as Lathing.

LATHY
Lath"y, a.

Defn: Like a lath; long and slender.
A lathy horse, all legs and length. R. Browning.

LATIAN
La"tian, a.

Defn: Belonging, or relating, to Latium, a country of ancient Italy.
See Latin.

LATIBULIZE
La*tib"u*lize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Latibulized (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Latibulizing.] Etym: [L. latibulum hiding place, fr. latere to lie
hid.]

Defn: To retire into a den, or hole, and lie dormant in winter; to
retreat and lie hid. [R.] G. Shaw.

LATIBULUM
La*tib"u*lum, n; pl. Latibula. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A concealed hiding place; a burrow; a lair; a hole.

LATICIFEROUS
Lat`i*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. latex, laticis, a liquid + -ferous.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Containing the latex; -- applied to the tissue or tubular
vessels in which the latex of the plant is found.

LATICLAVE
Lat"i*clave, n. Etym: [L. laticlavus, laticlavium; latus broad +
clavus nail, a purple stripe on the tunica: cf. F. laticlave.] (Rom.
Antiq.)

Defn: A broad stripe of purple on the fore part of the tunic, worn by
senators in ancient Rome as an emblem of office.

LATICOSTATE
Lat`i*cos"tate, a. Etym: [L. latus broad + E. costate.]

Defn: Broad-ribbed.

LATIDENTATE
Lat`i*den"tate, a. Etym: [L. latus broad + E. dentate.]

Defn: Broad-toothed.

LATIFOLIATE; LATIFOLIOUS
Lat`i*fo"li*ate, Lat`i*fo"li*ous, a. Etym: [L. latifolius; latus
broad + folium leaf: cf. F. latifolié.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having broad leaves.

LATIGO
La"ti*go, n. [Sp. látigo.]

Defn: A strap for tightening a saddle girth. [Western U. S. & Sp.
Amer.]

LATIGO HALTER
La"ti*go hal"ter.

Defn: A kind of halter usually made of raw hide.

LATIMER
Lat"i*mer, n. Etym: [OF. latinier, latimier, prop., one knowing
Latin.]

Defn: An interpreter. [Obs.] Coke.

LATIN
Lat"in, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. Latinus belonging to Latium, Latin, fr.
Latium a country of Italy, in which Rome was situated. Cf. Ladin,
Lateen sail, under Lateen.]

1. Of or pertaining to Latium, or to the Latins, a people of Latium;
Roman; as, the Latin language.

2. Of, pertaining to, or composed in, the language used by the Romans
or Latins; as, a Latin grammar; a Latin composition or idiom. Latin
Church (Eccl. Hist.), the Western or Roman Catholic Church, as
distinct from the Greek or Eastern Church.
 -- Latin cross. See Illust. 1 of Cross.
 -- Latin races, a designation sometimes loosely given to certain
nations, esp. the French, Spanish, and Italians, who speak languages
principally derived from Latin. Latin Union, an association of
states, originally comprising France, Belgium, Switzerland, and
Italy, which, in 1865, entered into a monetary agreement, providing
for an identity in the weight and fineness of the gold and silver
coins of those countries, and for the amounts of each kind of coinage
by each. Greece, Servia, Roumania, and Spain subsequently joined the
Union.

LATIN
Lat"in, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Latium; a Roman.

2. The language of the ancient Romans.

3. An exercise in schools, consisting in turning English into Latin.
[Obs.] Ascham.

4. (Eccl.)

Defn: A member of the Roman Catholic Church. (Dog Latin, barbarous
Latin; a jargon in imitation of Latin; as, the log Latin of
schoolboys.
 -- Late Latin, Low Latin, terms used indifferently to designate the
latest stages of the Latin language; low Latin (and, perhaps, late
Latin also), including the barbarous coinages from the French,
German, and other languages into a Latin form made after the Latin
had become a dead language for the people.
 -- Law Latin, that kind of late, or low, Latin, used in statutes and
legal instruments; -- often barbarous.

LATIN
Lat"in, v. t.

Defn: To write or speak in Latin; to turn or render into Latin.
[Obs.] Fuller.

LATINISM
Lat"in*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. latinisme.]

Defn: A Latin idiom; a mode of speech peculiar to Latin; also, a mode
of speech in another language, as English, formed on a Latin model.

Note: The term is also sometimes used by Biblical scholars to
designate a Latin word in Greek letters, or the Latin sense of a
Greek word in the Greek Testament.

LATINIST
Lat"in*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. latiniste.]

Defn: One skilled in Latin; a Latin scholar. Cowper.
He left school a good Latinist. Macaulay.

LATINISTIC
Lat`in*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, Latin; in the Latin style
or idiom. "Latinistic words." Fitzed. Hall.

LATINITASTER
La*tin"i*tas`ter, n. Etym: [Cf. Poetaster.]

Defn: One who has but a smattering of Latin. Walker.

LATINITY
La*tin"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. latinitas: cf. F. latinité.]

Defn: The Latin tongue, style, or idiom, or the use thereof;
specifically, purity of Latin style or idiom. "His eleLatinity."
Motley.

LATINIZATION
Lat`in*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of Latinizing, as a word, language, or
country.
The Germanization of Britain went far deeper than the Latinization of
France. M. Arnold.

LATINIZE
Lat"in*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Latinized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Latinizing.] Etym: [L. latinizare: cf. F.latiniser.]

1. To give Latin terminations or forms to, as to foreign words, in
writing Latin.

2. To bring under the power or influence of the Romans or Latins; to
affect with the usages of the Latins, especially in speech.
"Latinized races." Lowell.

3. To make like the Roman Catholic Church or diffuse its ideas in;
as, to Latinize the Church of England.

LATINIZE
Lat"in*ize, v. i.

Defn: To use words or phrases borrowed from the Latin. Dryden.

2. To come under the influence of the Romans, or of the Roman
Catholic Church.

LATINLY
Lat"in*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of the Latin language; in correct Latin. [Obs.]
Heylin.

LATION
La"tion, n. Etym: [L. latio, fr. latus borne. See Tolerate.]

Defn: Transportation; conveyance. [Obs.]

LATIROSTRAL; LATIROSTROUS
Lat`i*ros"tral, Lat`i*ros"trous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. latirostre. See
Latirostres.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a broad beak. Sir T. Browne.

LATIROSTRES
Lat`i*ros"tres, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. latus broad + rostrum
beak.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The broad-billed singing birds, such as the swallows, and their
allies.

LATISH
Lat"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat late. [Colloq.]

LATISTERNAL
Lat`i*ster"nal, a. Etym: [L. latus broad + E. sternal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a broad breastbone, or sternum; -- said of anthropoid
apes.

LATITANCY
Lat"i*tan*cy, n. Etym: [See Latitant.]

Defn: Act or state of lying hid, or lurking. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

LATITANT
Lat"i*tant, a. Etym: [L. latitans, pr. of latitare to lie hid, to
lurk, v. intens. fr. latere to be hid: cf. F. latitant.]

Defn: Lying hid; concealed; latent. [R.]

LATITAT
Lat"i*tat, n. Etym: [L., he lies hid.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A writ based upon the presumption that the person summoned was
hiding. Blackstone.

LATITATION
Lat`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. latitatio.]

Defn: A lying in concealment; hiding. [Obs.]

LATITUDE
Lat"i*tude, n. Etym: [F. latitude, L. latitudo, fr. latus broad,
wide, for older stlatus; perh. akin to E. strew.]

1. Extent from side to side, or distance sidewise from a given point
or line; breadth; width.
Provided the length do not exceed the latitude above one third part.
Sir H. Wotton.

2. Room; space; freedom from confinement or restraint; hence,
looseness; laxity; independence.
In human actions there are no degrees and precise natural limits
described, but a latitude is indulged. Jer. Taylor.

3. Extent or breadth of signification, application, etc.; extent of
deviation from a standard, as truth, style, etc.
No discreet man will believe Augustine's miracles, in the latitude of
monkish relations. Fuller.

4. Extent; size; amplitude; scope.
I pretend not to treat of them in their full latitude. Locke.

5. (Geog.)

Defn: Distance north or south of the equator, measured on a meridian.

6. (Astron.)

Defn: The angular distance of a heavenly body from the ecliptic.
Ascending latitude, Circle of latitude, Geographical latitude, etc.
See under Ascending. Circle, etc.
 -- High latitude, that part of the earth's surface near either pole,
esp. that part within either the arctic or the antarctic circle.
 -- Low latitude, that part of the earth's surface which is near the
equator.

LATITUDINAL
Lat`i*tu"di*nal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to latitude; in the direction of latitude.

LATITUDINARIAN
Lat`i*tu`di*na"ri*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. latitudinaire.]

1. Not restrained; not confined by precise limits.

2. Indifferent to a strict application of any standard of belief or
opinion; hence, deviating more or less widely from such standard; lax
in doctrine; as, latitudinarian divines; latitudinarian theology.
Latitudinarian sentiments upon religious subjects. Allibone.

3. Lax in moral or religious principles.

LATITUDINARIAN
Lat`i*tu`di*na"ri*an, n.

1. One who is moderate in his notions, or not restrained by precise
settled limits in opinion; one who indulges freedom in thinking.

2. (Eng. Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A member of the Church of England, in the time of Charles II.,
who adopted more liberal notions in respect to the authority,
government, and doctrines of the church than generally prevailed.
They were called "men of latitude;" and upon this, men of narrow
thoughts fastened upon them the name of latitudinarians. Bp. Burnet.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: One who departs in opinion from the strict principles of
orthodoxy.

LATITUDINARIANISM
Lat`i*tu`di*na"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: A latitudinarian system or condition; freedom of opinion in
matters pertaining to religious belief.
Fierce sectarianism bred fierce latitudinarianism. De Quincey.
He [Ammonius Saccas] plunged into the wildest latitudinarianism of
opinion. J. S. Harford.

LATITUDINOUS
Lat`i*tu"di*nous, a.

Defn: Having latitude, or wide extent.

LATON; LATOUN
Lat"on, Lat"oun, n.

Defn: Latten, 1. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LATRANT
La"trant, a. Etym: [L. latrans, p. pr. of latrare. See Latrate.]

Defn: Barking. [Obs.] Tickell.

LATRATE
La"trate, v. i. Etym: [L. latratus, p. p. of latrare to bark.]

Defn: To bark as a dog. [Obs.]

LATRATION
La*tra"tion, n.

Defn: A barking. [Obs.]

LATREUTICAL
La*treu"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Acting as a hired servant; serving; ministering; assisting. [Obs.]

2. Of or pertaining to latria. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

LATRIA
La*tri"a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: The highest kind of worship, or that paid to God; --
distinguished by the Roman Catholics from dulia, or the inferior
worship paid to saints.

LATRINE
La*trine", n. Etym: [L. latrina: cf. F. latrines.]

Defn: A privy, or water-closet, esp. in a camp, hospital, etc.

LATROCINY
Lat"ro*cin`y, n. Etym: [L. latrocinium. Cf. Larceny.]

Defn: Theft; larceny. [Obs.]

LATTEN
Lat"ten, n. Etym: [OE. latoun, laton, OF. laton, F. laiton, prob. fr.
OF. late lath, F. latte; -- because made in thin plates; cf. It.
latta a sheet of tinned iron, tin plate. F. latte is of German
origin. See Lath a thin board.]

1. A kind of brass hammered into thin sheets, formerly much used for
making church utensils, as candlesticks, crosses, etc.; -- called
also latten brass.
He had a cross of latoun full of stones. Chaucer.

2. Sheet tin; iron plate, covered with tin; also, any metal in thin
sheets; as, gold latten. Black latten, brass in milled sheets,
composed of copper and zinc, used by braziers, and for drawing into
wire.
 -- Roll latten, latten polished on both sides ready for use.
 -- Shaven latten, a thinner kind than black latten.
 -- White latten, a mixture of brass and tin.

LATTER
Lat"ter, a. Etym: [OE. later, lætter, compar. of lat late. See Late,
and cf. Later.]

1. Later; more recent; coming or happening after something else; --
opposed to former; as, the former and latter rain.

2. Of two things, the one mentioned second.
The difference between reason and revelation, and in what sense the
latter is superior. I. Watts.

3. Recent; modern.
Hath not navigation discovered in these latter ages, whole nations at
the bay of Soldania Locke.

4. Last; latest; final. [R.] "My latter gasp." Shak. Latter harvest,
the last part of the harvest.
 -- Latter spring, the last part of the spring of the year. Shak.

LATTERDAY
Lat"ter*day`, a.

Defn: Belonging to present times or those recent by comparison.

LATTER-DAY SAINT
Lat"ter-day` saint".

Defn: A Mormon; -- the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
being the name assumed by the whole body of Mormons.

LATTERKIN
Lat"ter*kin, n.

Defn: A pointed wooden tool used in glazing leaden lattice.

LATTERLY
Lat"ter*ly, adv.

Defn: Lately; of late; recently; at a later, as distinguished from a
former, period.
Latterly Milton was short and thick. Richardson.

LATTERMATH
Lat"ter*math, n. Etym: [Cf. Aftermath.]

Defn: The latter, or second, mowing; the aftermath.

LATTICE
Lat"tice, n. Etym: [OE. latis, F. lattis lathwork, fr. latte lath.
See Latten, 1st Lath.]

1. Any work of wood or metal, made by crossing laths, or thin strips,
and forming a network; as, the lattice of a window; -- called also
latticework.
The mother of Sisera looked out at a window, and cried through the
lattice. Judg. v. 28.

2. (Her.)

Defn: The representation of a piece of latticework used as a bearing,
the bands being vertical and horizontal. Lattice bridge, a bridge
supported by lattice girders, or latticework trusses.
 -- Lattice girder (Arch.), a girder of which the wed consists of
diagonal pieces crossing each other in the manner of latticework.
 -- Lattice plant (Bot.), an aquatic plant of Madagascar (Ouvirandra
fenestralis), whose leaves have interstices between their ribs and
cross veins, so as to resemble latticework. A second species is O.
Berneriana. The genus is merged in Aponogeton by recent authors.

LATTICE
Lat"tice, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Latticed; p. pr. & vb. n. Latticing.]

1. To make a lattice of; as, to lattice timbers.

2. To close, as an opening, with latticework; to furnish with a
lattice; as, to lattice a window. To lattice up, to cover or inclose
with a lattice.
Therein it seemeth he [Alexander] hath latticed up Cæsar. Sir T.
North.

LATTICEWORK
Lat"tice*work`, n.

Defn: Same as Lattice, n., 1.

LATTICING
Lat"ti*cing, n.

1. The act or process of making a lattice of, or of fitting a lattice
to.

2. (Bridge Building)

Defn: A system of bars crossing in the middle to form braces between
principal longitudinal members, as of a strut.

LATUS RECTUM
La"tus rec"tum. Etym: [L., the right side.] (Conic Sections)

Defn: The line drawn through a focus of a conic section parallel to
the directrix and terminated both ways by the curve. It is the
parameter of the principal axis. See Focus, and Parameter.

LAUD
Laud, n. Etym: [L. laus, laudis. See Laud, v. i.]

1. High commendation; praise; honor; exaltation; glory. "Laud be to
God." Shak.
So do well and thou shalt have laud of the same. Tyndals.

2. A part of divine worship, consisting chiefly of praise; -- usually
in the pl.

Note: In the Roman Catholic Church, the prayers used at daybreak,
between those of matins and prime, are called lauds.

3. Music or singing in honor of any one.

LAUD
Laud, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lauded; p. pr. & vb. n. Lauding.] Etym:
[L.laudare, fr. laus, laudis, praise. Cf. Allow.]

Defn: To praise in words alone, or with words and singing; to
celebrate; to extol.
With all the company of heaven, we laud and magnify thy glorious
name. Book of Common Prayer.

LAUDABILITY
Laud`a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. laudabilitas.]

Defn: Laudableness; praiseworthiness.

LAUDABLE
Laud"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. laudabilis: cf. OE. laudable. See Laud, v.
i.]

1. Worthy of being lauded; praiseworthy; commendable; as, laudable
motives; laudable actions; laudable ambition.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Healthy; salubrious; normal; having a disposition to promote
healing; not noxious; as, laudable juices of the body; laudable pus.
Arbuthnot.

LAUDABLENESS
Laud"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being laudable; praiseworthiness;
commendableness.

LAUDABLY
Laud"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a laudable manner.

LAUDANINE
Lau"da*nine, n. Etym: [From Laudanum.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white organic base, resembling morphine, and obtained from
certain varieties of opium.

LAUDANUM
Lau"da*num, n. Etym: [Orig. the same wort as ladanum, ladbdanum: cf.
F. laudanum, It. laudano, ladano. See Ladanum.]

Defn: Tincture of opium, used for various medical purposes.

Note: A fluid ounce of American laudanum should contain the soluble
matter of one tenth of an ounce avoirdupois of powdered opium with
equal parts of alcohol and water. English laudanum should have ten
grains less of opium in the fluid ounce. U. S. Disp. Dutchman's
laudanum (Bot.) See under Dutchman.

LAUDATION
Lau*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. laudatio: cf. OE. taudation. See Land, v.
t.]

Defn: The act of lauding; praise; high commendation.

LAUDATIVE
Laud"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. laudativus laudatory: cf. F. laudatif.]

Defn: Laudatory.

LAUDATIVE
Laud"a*tive, n.

Defn: A panegyric; a eulogy. [Obs.] Bacon.

LAUDATOR
Lau*da"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. One who lauds.

2. (Law)

Defn: An arbitrator. [Obs.] Cowell.

LAUDATORY
Laud"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. laudatorius: cf. OF. laudatoire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining praise, or to the expression of praise; as,
laudatory verses; the laudatory powers of Dryden. Sir J. Stephen.

LAUDER
Laud"er, n.

Defn: One who lauds.

LAUGH
Laugh, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Laughed; p. pr. & vb. n. Laughing.] Etym:
[OE. laughen, laghen, lauhen, AS. hlehhan, hlihhan, hlyhhan,
hliehhan; akin to OS. hlahan, D. & G.lachen, OHG. hlahhan, lahhan,
lahh, Icel. hlæja. Dan. lee, Sw. le, Goth. hlahjan; perh. of
imitative origin.]

1. To show mirth, satisfaction, or derision, by peculiar movement of
the muscles of the face, particularly of the mouth, causing a
lighting up of the face and eyes, and usually accompanied by the
emission of explosive or chuckling sounds from the chest and throat;
to indulge in laughter.
Queen Hecuba laughed that her eyes ran o'er. Shak.
He laugheth that winneth. Heywood's Prov.

2. Fig.: To be or appear gay, cheerful, pleasant, mirthful, lively,
or brilliant; to sparkle; to sport.
Then laughs the childish year, with flowerets crowned. Dryden.
In Folly's cup still laughs the bubble Joy. Pope.
To laugh at, to make an object of laughter or ridicule; to make fun
of; to deride.
No wit to flatter left of all his store, No fool to laugh at, which
he valued more. Pope.
-- To laugh in the sleeve, to laugh secretly, or so as not to be
observed, especially while apparently preserving a grave or serious
demeanor toward the person or persons laughed at.
 -- To laugh out, to laugh in spite of some restraining influence; to
laugh aloud.
 -- To laugh out of the other corner (or side) of the mouth, to weep
or cry; to feel regret, vexation, or disappointment after hilarity or
exaltation. [Slang]

LAUGH
Laugh, v. t.

1. To affect or influence by means of laughter or ridicule.
Will you laugh me asleep, for I am very heavy Shak.
I shall laugh myself to death. Shak.

2. To express by, or utter with, laughter; -- with out.
From his deep chest laughs out a loud applause. Shak.
To laugh away. (a) To drive away by laughter; as, to laugh away
regret. (b) To waste in hilarity. "Pompey doth this day laugh away
his fortune." Shak.
 -- To laugh down. (a) To cause to cease or desist by laughter; as,
to laugh down a speaker. (b) To cause to be given up on account of
ridicule; as, to laugh down a reform.
 -- To laugh one out of, to cause one by laughter or ridicule to
abandon or give up; as, to laugh one out of a plan or purpose.
 -- To laugh to scorn, to deride; to treat with mockery, contempt,
and scorn; to despise.

LAUGH
Laugh, n.

Defn: An expression of mirth peculiar to the human species; the sound
heard in laughing; laughter. See Laugh, v. i.
And the loud laugh that spoke the vacant mind. Goldsmith.
That man is a bad man who has not within him the power of a hearty
laugh. F. W. Robertson.

LAUGHABLE
Laugh"a*ble, a.

Defn: Fitted to excite laughter; as, a laughable story; a laughable
scene.

Syn.
 -- Droll; ludicrous; mirthful; comical. See Droll, and Ludicrous.
 -- Laugh"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Laugh"a*bly, adv.

LAUGHER
Laugh"er, n.

1. One who laughs.

2. A variety of the domestic pigeon.

LAUGHING
Laugh"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Laugh, v. i. Laughing falcon (Zoöl.), a South American
hawk (Herpetotheres cachinnans); -- so called from its notes, which
resemble a shrill laughing.
 -- Laughing gas (Chem.), hyponitrous oxide, or protoxide of
nitrogen; -- so called from the exhilaration and laughing which it
sometimes produces when inhaled. It is much used as an anæsthetic
agent.
 -- Laughing goose (Zoöl.), the European white-fronted goose.
 -- Laughing gull. (Zoöl.) (a) A common European gull (Xema
ridibundus); -- called also pewit, black cap, red-legged gull, and
sea crow. (b) An American gull (Larus atricilla). In summer the head
is nearly black, the back slate color, and the five outer primaries
black.
 -- Laughing hyena (Zoöl.), the spotted hyena. See Hyena.
 -- Laughing jackass (Zoöl.), the great brown kingfisher (Dacelo
gigas), of Australia; -- called also giant kingfisher, and gogobera.
 -- Laughing owl (Zoöl.), a peculiar owl (Sceloglaux albifacies) of
New Zealand, said to be on the verge of extinction. The name alludes
to its notes.

LAUGHINGLY
Laugh"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With laughter or merriment.

LAUGHINGSTOCK
Laugh"ing*stock`, n.

Defn: An object of ridicule; a butt of sport. Shak.
When he talked, he talked nonsense, and made himself the
laughingstock of his hearers. Macaulay.

LAUGHSOME
Laugh"some, a.

Defn: Exciting laughter; also, addicted to laughter; merry. [R.]

LAUGHTER
Laugh"ter, n. Etym: [AS. hleahtor; akin to OHG. hlahtar, G.
gelächter, Icel. hlatr, Dan. latter. See Laugh, v. i. ]

Defn: A movement (usually involuntary) of the muscles of the face,
particularly of the lips, with a peculiar expression of the eyes,
indicating merriment, satisfaction, or derision, and usually attended
by a sonorous and interrupted expulsion of air from the lungs. See
Laugh, v. i.
The act of laughter, which is a sweet contraction of the muscles of
the face, and a pleasant agitation of the vocal organs, is not
merely, or totally within the jurisdiction of ourselves. Sir T.
Browne.
Archly the maiden smiled, and with eyes overrunning with laughter.
Longfellow.

LAUGHTERLESS
Laugh"ter*less, a.

Defn: Not laughing; without laughter.

LAUGHWORTHY
Laugh"wor`thy, a.

Defn: Deserving to be laughed at. [R.] B. Jonson.

LAUMONTITE
Lau"mont*ite, n. Etym: [From Dr. Laumont, the discoverer.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral, of a white color and vitreous luster. It is a
hydrous silicate of alumina and lime. Exposed to the air, it loses
water, becomes opaque, and crumbles. [Written also laumonite.]

LAUNCE
Launce, n.

Defn: A lance. [Obs.]

LAUNCE
Launce, n. Etym: [It. lance, L. lanx, lancis, plate, scale of a
balance. Cf. Balance.]

Defn: A balance. [Obs.]
Fortune all in equal launce doth sway. Spenser.

LAUNCE
Launce, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Lant, the fish.

LAUNCEGAYE
Launce"gaye`, n.

Defn: See Langegaye. [Obs.]

LAUNCH
Launch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Launched; p. pr. & vb. n. Launching.]
Etym: [OE. launchen to throw as a lance, OF. lanchier, another form
of lancier, F. lancer, fr. lance lance. See Lance.] [Written also
lanch.]

1. To throw, as a lance or dart; to hurl; to let fly.

2. To strike with, or as with, a lance; to pierce. [Obs.]
Launch your hearts with lamentable wounds. Spenser.

3. To cause to move or slide from the land into the water; to set
afloat; as, to launch a ship.
With stays and cordage last he rigged the ship, And rolled on levers,
launched her in the deep. Pope.

4. To send out; to start (one) on a career; to set going; to give a
start to (something); to put in operation; as, to launch a son in the
world; to launch a business project or enterprise.
All art is used to sink episcopacy, and launch presbytery in England.
Eikon Basilike.

LAUNCH
Launch, v. i.

Defn: To move with force and swiftness like a sliding from the stocks
into the water; to plunge; to make a beginning; as, to launch into
the current of a stream; to launch into an argument or discussion; to
launch into lavish expenditures; -- often with out.
Launch out into the deep, and let down your nets for a draught. Luke
v. 4.
He [Spenser] launches out into very flowery paths. Prior.

LAUNCH
Launch, n.

1. The act of launching.

2. The movement of a vessel from land into the water; especially, the
sliding on ways from the stocks on which it is built.

3. Etym: [Cf. Sp. lancha.] (Naut.)

Defn: The boat of the largest size belonging to a ship of war; also,
an open boat of any size driven by steam, naphtha, electricity, or
the like. Launching ways. (Naut.) See Way, n. (Naut.).

LAUND
Laund (lalnd), n. Etym: [See Lawn of grass.]

Defn: A plain sprinkled with trees or underbrush; a glade. [Obs.]
In a laund upon an hill of flowers. Chaucer.
Through this laund anon the deer will come. Shak.

LAUNDER
Laun"der, n. Etym: [Contracted fr. OE. lavender, F. lavandière, LL.
lavandena, from L. lavare to wash. See Lave.]

1. A washerwoman. [Obs.]

2. (Mining)

Defn: A trough used by miners to receive the powdered ore from the
box where it is beaten, or for carrying water to the stamps, or other
apparatus, for comminuting, or sorting, the ore.

LAUNDER
Laun"der, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Laundered; p. pr. & vb. n. Laundering.]

1. To wash, as clothes; to wash, and to smooth with a flatiron or
mangle; to wash and iron; as, to launder shirts.

2. To lave; to wet. [Obs.] Shak.

LAUNDERER
Laun"der*er, n.

Defn: One who follows the business of laundering.

LAUNDERING
Laun"der*ing, n.

Defn: The act, or occupation, of one who launders; washing and
ironing.

LAUNDRESS
Laun"dress, n.

Defn: A woman whose employment is laundering.

LAUNDRESS
Laun"dress, v. i.

Defn: To act as a laundress.[Obs.]

LAUNDRY
Laun"dry, n.; pl. Laundries. Etym: [OE. lavendrie, OF. lavanderie.
See Launder.]

1. A laundering; a washing.

2. A place or room where laundering is done.

LAUNDRYMAN
Laun"dry*man, n.; pl. Laundrymen (.

Defn: A man who follows the business of laundering.

LAURA
Lau"ra, n. Etym: [LL., fr. Gr. ( (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A number of hermitages or cells in the same neighborhood
occupied by anchorites who were under the same superior. C. Kingsley.

LAURACEOUS
Lau*ra"ceous, a. Etym: [From Laurus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, a natural order (Lauraceæ) of
trees and shrubs having aromatic bark and foliage, and including the
laurel, sassafras, cinnamon tree, true camphor tree, etc.

LAURATE
Lau"rate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of lauric acid.

LAUREATE
Lau"re*ate, a. Etym: [L. laureatus, fr. laurea laurel tree, fr.
laureus of laurel, fr. laurus laurel: cf. F. lauréat. Cf. Laurel.]

Defn: Crowned, or decked, with laurel. Chaucer.
To strew the laureate hearse where Lycid lies. Milton.
Soft on her lap her laureate son reclines. Pope.
Poet laureate. (b) One who received an honorable degree in grammar,
including poetry and rhetoric, at the English universities; -- so
called as being presented with a wreath of laurel. [Obs.] (b)
Formerly, an officer of the king's household, whose business was to
compose an ode annually for the king's birthday, and other suitable
occasions; now, a poet officially distinguished by such honorary
title, the office being a sinecure. It is said this title was first
given in the time of Edward IV. [Eng.]

LAUREATE
Lau"re*ate, n.

Defn: One crowned with laurel; a poet laureate. "A learned laureate."
Cleveland.

LAUREATE
Lau"re*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Laureated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Laureating.]

Defn: To honor with a wreath of laurel, as formerly was done in
bestowing a degree at the English universities.

LAUREATESHIP
Lau"re*ate*ship, n.

Defn: State, or office, of a laureate.

LAUREATION
Lau`re*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lauréation.]

Defn: The act of crowning with laurel; the act of conferring an
academic degree, or honorary title.

LAUREL
Lau"rel, n. Etym: [OE. lorel, laurer, lorer, OF. lorier, laurier, F.
laurier, (assumed) LL. Laurarius, fr. L. laurus.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen shrub, of the genus Laurus (L. nobilis), having
aromatic leaves of a lanceolate shape, with clusters of small,
yellowish white flowers in their axils; -- called also sweet bay.

Note: The fruit is a purple berry. It is found about the
Mediterranean, and was early used by the ancient Greeks to crown the
victor in the games of Apollo. At a later period, academic honors
were indicated by a crown of laurel, with the fruit. The leaves and
tree yield an aromatic oil, used to flavor the bay water of commerce.

Note: The name is extended to other plants which in some respect
resemble the true laurel. See Phrases, below.

2. A crown of laurel; hence, honor; distinction; fame; -- especially
in the plural; as, to win laurels.

3. An English gold coin made in 1619, and so called because the
king's head on it was crowned with laurel. Laurel water, water
distilled from the fresh leaves of the cherry laurel, and containing
prussic acid and other products carried over in the process. American
laurel, or Mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia. See under Mountain.
 -- California laurel, Umbellularia Californica.
 -- Cherry laurel (in England called laurel). See under Cherry.
 -- Great laurel, the rosebay (Rhododendron maximum).
 -- Ground laurel, trailing arbutus.
 -- New Zealand laurel, Laurelia Novæ Zelandiæ.
 -- Portugal laurel, the Prunus Lusitanica.
 -- Rose laurel, the oleander. See Oleander.
 -- Sheep laurel, a poisonous shrub, Kalmia angustifolia, smaller
than the mountain laurel, and with smaller and redder flowers.
 -- Spurge laurel, Daphne Laureola.
 -- West Indian laurel, Prunus occidentalis.

LAURELED
Lau"reled, a.

Defn: Crowned with laurel, or with a laurel wreath; laureate.
[Written also laurelled.]

LAURENTIAN
Lau*ren"tian, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or near, the St. Lawrence River; as, the
Laurentian hills. Laurentian period (Geol.), the lower of the two
divisions of the Archæan age; -- called also the Laurentian.

LAURER
Lau"rer, n.

Defn: Laurel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LAURESTINE
Lau"res*tine, n. Etym: [NL. lautus tinus, fr. L. laurus the laurel +
tinus laurestine. See Laurel.] (Bot.)

Defn: The Viburnum Tinus, an evergreen shrub or tree of the south of
Europe, which flowers during the winter mouths. [Written also
laurustine and laurestina.]

LAURIC
Lau"ric, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the European bay or laurel
(Laurus nobilis). Lauric acid (Chem.), a white, crystalline
substance, C12H24O2, resembling palmitic acid, and obtained from the
fruit of the bay tree, and other sources.

LAURIFEROUS
Lau*rif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. laurifer; laurus + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Producing, or bringing, laurel.

LAURIN
Lau"rin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. laurine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance extracted from the fruit of the
bay (Laurus nobilis), and consisting of a complex mixture of glycerin
ethers of several organic acids.

LAURINOL
Lau"ri*nol, n. Etym: [Laurin + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: Ordinary camphor; -- so called in allusion to the family name
(Lauraceæ) of the camphor trees. See Camphor.

LAURIOL
Lau"ri*ol, n.

Defn: Spurge laurel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LAURITE
Lau"rite, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Min.)

Defn: A rare sulphide of osmium and ruthenium found with platinum in
Borneo and Oregon.

LAURONE
Lau"rone, n. Etym: [Lauric + -one.] (Chem.)

Defn: The ketone of lauric acid.

LAURUS
Lau"rus, n. Etym: [L., laurel.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees including, according to modern authors, only
the true laurel (Laurus nobilis), and the larger L. Canariensis of
Madeira and the Canary Islands. Formerly the sassafras, the camphor
tree, the cinnamon tree, and several other aromatic trees and shrubs,
were also referred to the genus Laurus.

LAUS
Laus, a.

Defn: Loose. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LAUTVERSCHIEBUNG
Laut"ver*schie`bung, n.; pl. -schiebungen. [G.; laut sound +
verschiebung shifting.] (Philol.)
 (a) The regular changes which the primitive Indo-European stops, or
mute consonants, underwent in the Teutonic languages, probably as
early as the 3d century b. c. , often called the first
Lautverschiebung, sound shifting, or consonant shifting. (b) A
somewhat similar set of changes taking place in the High German
dialects (less fully in modern literary German) from the 6th to the
8th century, known as the second Lautverschiebung, the result of
which form the striking differences between High German and The Low
German Languages. The statement of these changes is commonly regarded
as forming part of Grimm's law, because included in it as originally
framed.

LAVA
La"va, n. Etym: [It. lava lava, orig. in Naples, a torrent of rain
overflowing the streets, fr. It. & L. lavare to wash. See Lave.]

Defn: The melted rock ejected by a volcano from its top or fissured
sides. It flows out in streams sometimes miles in length. It also
issues from fissures in the earth's surface, and forms beds covering
many square miles, as in the Northwestern United States.

Note: Lavas are classed, according to their structure, as scoriaceous
or cellular, glassy, stony, etc., and according to the material of
which they consist, as doleritic, trachytic, etc. Lava millstone, a
hard and coarse basaltic millstone from the neighborhood of the
Rhine.
 -- Lava ware, a kind of cheap pottery made of iron slag cast into
tiles, urns, table tops, etc., resembling lava in appearance.

LA VALLIERE; LAVALLIERE
La val`liere", or  La`val`liere", n.

Defn: A neck ornament consisting of a chain and single pendant, or
drop.

LAVARET
Lav"a*ret, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European whitefish (Coregonus laveretus), found in the
mountain lakes of Sweden, Germany, and Switzerland.

LAVATIC
La*vat"ic, a.

Defn: Like lava, or composed of lava; lavic.

LAVATION
La*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. lavatio: cf. OF. lavation.]

Defn: A washing or cleansing. [Obs. or R.]

LAVATORY
Lav"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Washing, or cleansing by washing.

LAVATORY
Lav"a*to*ry, n.; pl. Lavatories. Etym: [L. lavatorium: cf. lavatoire.
See Lave to wash, and cf. Laver.]

1. A place for washing.

2. A basin or other vessel for washing in.

3. A wash or lotion for a diseased part.

4. A place where gold is obtained by washing.

LAVATURE
Lav"a*ture, n.

Defn: A wash or lotion. [Obs.]

LAVE
Lave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Laved; p. pr. & vb. n. Laving.] Etym: [F.
laver, L. lavare, akin to luere to wash, Gr. Ablution, Deluge,
Lavender, Lava, Lotion.]

Defn: To wash; to bathe; as, to lave a bruise.
His feet the foremost breakers lave. Byron.

LAVE
Lave, v. i.

Defn: To bathe; to wash one's self.
In her chaste current oft the goddess laves. Pope.

LAVE
Lave, v. t. Etym: [OE. laven. See Lavish.]

Defn: To lade, dip, or pour out. [Obs.] Dryden.

LAVE
Lave, n. Etym: [AS. laf the remainder, what is left. Leave.]

Defn: The remainder; others. [Scot.] Bp. Hall.

LAVE-EARED
Lave"-eared`, a. Etym: [Cf. W. llaf that extends round, llipa
flaccid, flapping, G. lapp flabby, lappohr flap ear.]

Defn: Having large, pendent ears. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

LAVEER
La*veer", v. i. Etym: [D. laveren.] (Naut.)

Defn: To beat against the wind; to tack. [Obs.] Dryden.

LAVEMENT
Lave"ment, n. Etym: [F. lavement, fr. laver to wash.]

Defn: A washing or bathing; also, a clyster.

LAVENDER
Lav"en*der, n. Etym: [OE. lavendre, F. lavande, It. lavanda lavender,
a washing, fr. L. lavare to wash; cf. It. lsavendola, LL. lavendula.
So called because it was used in bathing and washing. See Lave. to
wash, and cf. Lavender.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An aromatic plant of the genus Lavandula (L. vera), common in
the south of Europe. It yields and oil used in medicine and
perfumery. The Spike lavender (L. Spica) yields a coarser oil (oil of
spike), used in the arts.

2. The pale, purplish color of lavender flowers, paler and more
delicate than lilac. Lavender cotton (Bot.), a low, twiggy, aromatic
shrub (Santolina Chamæcyparissus) of the Mediterranean region,
formerly used as a vermifuge, etc., and still used to keep moths from
wardrobes. Also called ground cypress.
 -- Lavender water, a perfume composed of alcohol, essential oil of
lavender, essential oil of bergamot, and essence of ambergris.
 -- Sea lavender. (Bot.) See Marsh rosemary.
 -- To lay in lavender. (a) To lay away, as clothing, with sprigs of
lavender. (b) To pawn. [Obs.]

LAVER
Lav"er, n. Etym: [OE. lavour, F. lavoir, L. lavatorium a washing
place. See Lavatory.]

1. A vessel for washing; a large basin.

2. (Script. Hist.)
(a) A large brazen vessel placed in the court of the Jewish
tabernacle where the officiating priests washed their hands and feet.
(b) One of several vessels in Solomon's Temple in which the offerings
for burnt sacrifices were washed.

3. That which washes or cleanses. J. H. Newman.

LAVER
Lav"er, n. Etym: [From Lave to wash.]

Defn: One who laves; a washer. [Obs.]

LAVER
La"ver, n.

Defn: The fronds of certain marine algæ used as food, and for making
a sauce called laver sauce. Green laver is the Ulva latissima; purlpe
laver, Porphyra laciniata and P. vulgaris. It is prepared by stewing,
either alone or with other vegetables, and with various condiments; -
- called also sloke, or sloakan. Mountain laver (Bot.), a reddish
gelatinous alga of the genus Palmella, found on the sides of
mountains

LAVEROCK
La"ver*ock, n. Etym: [See Lark the bird.]

Defn: The lark. [Old Eng. & Scot.] [Written also lavrock.] Gower.

LAVIC
La"vic, a.

Defn: See Lavatic.

LAVISH
Lav"ish, a. Etym: [Akin to E. lave to lade out; cf. AS. gelafian to
refresh, G. laben.]

1. Expending or bestowing profusely; profuse; prodigal; as, lavish of
money; lavish of praise.

2. Superabundant; excessive; as, lavish spirits.
Let her have needful, but not lavish, means. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Profuse; prodigal; wasteful; extravagant; exuberant; immoderate.
See Profuse.

LAVISH
Lav"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lavished; p. pr. & vb. n. Lavishing.]

Defn: To expend or bestow with profusion; to use with prodigality; to
squander; as, to lavish money or praise.

LAVISHER
Lav"ish*er, n.

Defn: One who lavishes.

LAVISHLY
Lav"ish*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lavish manner.

LAVISHMENT
Lav"ish*ment, n.

Defn: The act of lavishing.

LAVISHNESS
Lav"ish*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being lavish.

LAVOESIUM
La*voe"si*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Lavoisier, the celebrated French
chemist.] (Chem.)

Defn: A supposed new metallic element. It is said to have been
discovered in pyrites, and some other minerals, and to be of a
silver-white color, and malleable.

LAVOLT; LAVOLTA
La*volt", La*vol"ta, n. Etym: [It.la volta the turn, turning, whirl.
Cf. Volt of a horse, Volta.]

Defn: An old dance, for two persons, being a kind of waltz, in which
the woman made a high spring or bound. Shak.

LAVOLTATEER
La*vol`ta*teer", n.

Defn: A dancer of the lavolta.

LAVOUR
Lav"our, n.

Defn: A laver. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LAVROCK
La"vrock, n.

Defn: Same as Laverock.

LAW
Law, n. Etym: [OE. lawe, laghe, AS. lagu, from the root of E. lie:
akin to OS. lag, Icel. lög, Sw. lag, Dan. lov; cf. L. lex, E. legal.
A law is that which is laid, set, or fixed; like statute, fr. L.
statuere to make to stand. See Lie to be prostrate.]

1. In general, a rule of being or of conduct, established by an
authority able to enforce its will; a controlling regulation; the
mode or order according to which an agent or a power acts.

Note: A law may be universal or particular, written or unwritten,
published or secret. From the nature of the highest laws a degree of
permanency or stability is always implied; but the power which makes
a law, or a superior power, may annul or change it.
These are the statutes and judgments and law, which the Lord made.
Lev. xxvi. 46.
The law of thy God, and the law of the King. Ezra vii. 26.
As if they would confine the Interminable . . . Who made our laws to
bind us, not himself. Milton.
His mind his kingdom, and his will his law. Cowper.

2. In morals: The will of God as the rule for the disposition and
conduct of all responsible beings toward him and toward each other; a
rule of living, conformable to righteousness; the rule of action as
obligatory on the conscience or moral nature.

3. The Jewish or Mosaic code, and that part of Scripture where it is
written, in distinction from the gospel; hence, also, the Old
Testament.
What things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the
law . . . But now the righteousness of God without the law is
manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets. Rom. iii.
19, 21.

4. In human government:
(a) An organic rule, as a constitution or charter, establishing and
defining the conditions of the existence of a state or other
organized community.
(b) Any edict, decree, order, ordinance, statute, resolution,
judicial, decision, usage, etc., or recognized, and enforced, by the
controlling authority.

5. In philosophy and physics: A rule of being, operation, or change,
so certain and constant that it is conceived of as imposed by the
will of God or by some controlling authority; as, the law of
gravitation; the laws of motion; the law heredity; the laws of
thought; the laws of cause and effect; law of self-preservation.

6. In matematics: The rule according to which anything, as the change
of value of a variable, or the value of the terms of a series,
proceeds; mode or order of sequence.

7. In arts, works, games, etc.: The rules of construction, or of
procedure, conforming to the conditions of success; a principle,
maxim; or usage; as, the laws of poetry, of architecture, of
courtesy, or of whist.

8. Collectively, the whole body of rules relating to one subject, or
emanating from one source; -- including usually the writings
pertaining to them, and judicial proceedings under them; as, divine
law; English law; Roman law; the law of real property; insurance law.

9. Legal science; jurisprudence; the principles of equity; applied
justice.
Reason is the life of the law; nay, the common law itself is nothing
else but reason. Coke.
Law is beneficence acting by rule. Burke.
And sovereign Law, that state's collected will O'er thrones and
globes elate, Sits empress, crowning good, repressing ill. Sir W.
Jones.

10. Trial by the laws of the land; judicial remedy; litigation; as,
to go law.
When every case in law is right. Shak.
He found law dear and left it cheap. Brougham.

11. An oath, as in the presence of a court. [Obs.] See Wager of law,
under Wager. Avogadro's law (Chem.), a fundamental conception,
according to which, under similar conditions of temperature and
pressure, all gases and vapors contain in the same volume the same
number of ultimate molecules; -- so named after Avogadro, an Italian
scientist. Sometimes called Ampère's law.
 -- Bode's law (Astron.), an approximative empirical expression of
the distances of the planets from the sun, as follows: --
Mer. Ven. Earth. Mars. Aste. Jup. Sat. Uran. Nep. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 0
3 6 12 24 48 96 192 384 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- ---4 7 10 16 28 52
100 196 388 5.9 7.3 10 15.2 27.4 52 95.4 192 300 where each distance
(line third) is the sum of 4 and a multiple of 3 by the series 0, 1,
2, 4, 8, etc., the true distances being given in the lower line.
 -- Boyle's law (Physics), an expression of the fact, that when an
elastic fluid is subjected to compression, and kept at a constant
temperature, the product of the pressure and volume is a constant
quantity, i. e., the volume is inversely proportioned to the
pressure; -- known also as Mariotte's law, and the law of Boyle and
Mariotte.
 -- Brehon laws. See under Brehon.
 -- Canon law, the body of ecclesiastical law adopted in the
Christian Church, certain portions of which (for example, the law of
marriage as existing before the Council of Tent) were brought to
America by the English colonists as part of the common law of the
land. Wharton.
 -- Civil law, a term used by writers to designate Roman law, with
modifications thereof which have been made in the different countries
into which that law has been introduced. The civil law, instead of
the common law, prevails in the State of Louisiana. Wharton.
 -- Commercial law. See Law merchant (below).
 -- Common law. See under Common.
 -- Criminal law, that branch of jurisprudence which relates to
crimes.
 -- Ecclesiastical law. See under Ecclesiastical.
 -- Grimm's law (Philol.), a statement (propounded by the German
philologist Jacob Grimm) of certain regular changes which the
primitive Indo-European mute consonants, so-called (most plainly seen
in Sanskrit and, with some changes, in Greek and Latin), have
undergone in the Teutonic languages. Examples: Skr. bhatr, L. frater,
E. brother, G. bruder; L. tres, E. three, G. drei, Skr. go, E. cow,
G. kuh; Skr. dha to put, Gr. ti-qe`-nai, E. do, OHG, tuon, G. thun.
 -- Kepler's laws (Astron.), three important laws or expressions of
the order of the planetary motions, discovered by John Kepler. They
are these: (1) The orbit of a planet with respect to the sun is an
ellipse, the sun being in one of the foci. (2) The areas swept over
by a vector drawn from the sun to a planet are proportioned to the
times of describing them. (3) The squares of the times of revolution
of two planets are in the ratio of the cubes of their mean distances.
 -- Law binding, a plain style of leather binding, used for law
books; -- called also law calf.
 -- Law book, a book containing, or treating of, laws.
 -- Law calf. See Law binding (above).
 -- Law day. (a) Formerly, a day of holding court, esp. a court-leet.
(b) The day named in a mortgage for the payment of the money to
secure which it was given. [U. S.] -- Law French, the dialect of
Norman, which was used in judicial proceedings and law books in
England from the days of William the Conqueror to the thirty-sixth
year of Edward III.
 -- Law language, the language used in legal writings and forms.
 -- Law Latin. See under Latin.
 -- Law lords, peers in the British Parliament who have held high
judicial office, or have been noted in the legal profession.
 -- Law merchant, or Commercial law, a system of rules by which trade
and commerce are regulated; -- deduced from the custom of merchants,
and regulated by judicial decisions, as also by enactments of
legislatures.
 -- Law of Charles (Physics), the law that the volume of a given mass
of gas increases or decreases, by a definite fraction of its value
for a given rise or fall of temperature; -- sometimes less correctly
styled Gay Lussac's law, or Dalton's law.
 -- Law of nations. See International law, under International.
 -- Law of nature. (a) A broad generalization expressive of the
constant action, or effect, of natural conditions; as, death is a law
of nature; self-defense is a law of nature. See Law, 4. (b) A term
denoting the standard, or system, of morality deducible from a study
of the nature and natural relations of human beings independent of
supernatural revelation or of municipal and social usages.
 -- Law of the land, due process of law; the general law of the land.
 -- Laws of honor. See under Honor.
 -- Laws of motion (Physics), three laws defined by Sir Isaac Newton:
(1) Every body perseveres in its state of rest or of moving uniformly
in a straight line, except so far as it is made to change that state
by external force. (2) Change of motion is proportional to the
impressed force, and takes place in the direction in which the force
is impressed. (3) Reaction is always equal and opposite to action,
that is to say, the actions of two bodies upon each other are always
equal and in opposite directions.
 -- Marine law, or Maritime law, the law of the sea; a branch of the
law merchant relating to the affairs of the sea, such as seamen,
ships, shipping, navigation, and the like. Bouvier.
 -- Mariotte's law. See Boyle's law (above).
 -- Martial law.See under Martial.
 -- Military law, a branch of the general municipal law, consisting
of rules ordained for the government of the military force of a state
in peace and war, and administered in courts martial. Kent. Warren's
Blackstone.
 -- Moral law,the law of duty as regards what is right and wrong in
the sight of God; specifically, the ten commandments given by Moses.
See Law, 2.
 -- Mosaic, or Ceremonial, law. (Script.) See Law, 3.
 -- Municipal, or Positive, law, a rule prescribed by the supreme
power of a state, declaring some right, enforcing some duty, or
prohibiting some act; -- distinguished from international and
constitutional law. See Law, 1.
 -- Periodic law. (Chem.) See under Periodic.
 -- Roman law, the system of principles and laws found in the codes
and treatises of the lawmakers and jurists of ancient Rome, and
incorporated more or less into the laws of the several European
countries and colonies founded by them. See Civil law (above).
 -- Statute law, the law as stated in statutes or positive enactments
of the legislative body.
 -- Sumptuary law. See under Sumptuary.
 -- To go to law, to seek a settlement of any matter by bringing it
before the courts of law; to sue or prosecute some one.
 -- To take, or have, the law of, to bring the law to bear upon; as,
to take the law of one's neighbor. Addison.
 -- Wager of law. See under Wager.

Syn.
 -- Justice; equity.
 -- Law, Statute, Common law, Regulation, Edict, Decree. Law is
generic, and, when used with reference to, or in connection with, the
other words here considered, denotes whatever is commanded by one who
has a right to require obedience. A statute is a particular law drawn
out in form, and distinctly enacted and proclaimed. Common law is a
rule of action founded on long usage and the decisions of courts of
justice. A regulation is a limited and often, temporary law, intended
to secure some particular end or object. An edict is a command or law
issued by a sovereign, and is peculiar to a despotic government. A
decree is a permanent order either of a court or of the executive
government. See Justice.

LAW
Law, v. t.

Defn: Same as Lawe, v. t. [Obs.]

LAW
Law, interj. Etym: [Cf. La.]

Defn: An exclamation of mild surprise. [Archaic or Low]

LAW-ABIDING
Law"-a*bid`ing, a.

Defn: Abiding the law; waiting for the operation of law for the
enforcement of rights; also, abiding by the law; obedient to the law;
as, law-abiding people.

LAWBREAKER
Law"break`er, n.

Defn: One who disobeys the law; a criminal.
 -- Law"break`ing, n. & a.

LAWE
Lawe, v. t. Etym: [See 2d Lawing.]

Defn: To cut off the claws and balls of, as of a dog's fore feet.
Wright.

LAWER
Law"er, n.

Defn: A lawyer. [Obs.] Bale.

LAWFUL
Law"ful, a.

1. Conformable to law; allowed by law; legitimate; competent.

2. Constituted or authorized by law; rightful; as, the lawful owner
of lands. Lawful age, the age when the law recognizes one's right of
independent action; majority; -- generally the age of twenty-one
years.

Note: In some of the States, and for some purposes, a woman attains
lawful age at eighteen. Abbott.

Syn.
 -- Legal; constitutional; allowable; regular; rightful.
 -- Lawful, Legal. Lawful means conformable to the principle, spirit,
or essence of the law, and is applicable to moral as well as
juridical law. Legal means conformable to the letter or rules of the
law as it is administered in the courts; conformable to juridical
law. Legal is often used as antithetical to equitable, but lawful is
seldom used in that sense.
 -- Law"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Law"ful*ness, n.

LAWGIVER
Law"giv`er, n.

Defn: One who makes or enacts a law or system of laws; a legislator.

LAWGIVING
Law"giv`ing, a.

Defn: Enacting laws; legislative.

LAWING
Law"ing, n.

Defn: Going to law; litigation. Holinshed.

LAWING
Law"ing, n. Etym: [So called because done in compliance with an
English forest law.]

Defn: Expeditation. Blackstone.

LAWLESS
Law"less, a.

1. Contrary to, or unauthorized by, law; illegal; as, a lawless
claim.
He needs no indirect nor lawless course. Shak.

2. Not subject to, or restrained by, the law of morality or of
society; as, lawless men or behavior.

3. Not subject to the laws of nature; uncontrolled.
Or, meteorlike, flame lawless through the void. Pope.
-- Law"less*ly, adv.
 -- Law"less*ness, n.

LAWMAKER
Law"mak`er, n.

Defn: A legislator; a lawgiver.

LAWMAKING
Law"mak`ing, a.

Defn: Enacting laws; legislative.
 -- n.

Defn: The enacting of laws; legislation.

LAWMONGER
Law"mon`ger, n.

Defn: A trader in law; one who practices law as if it were a trade.
Milton.

LAWN
Lawn, n. Etym: [OE. laund, launde, F. lande heath, moor; of Celtic
origin; cf. W. llan an open, clear place, llawnt a smooth rising
hill, lawn, Armor. lann or lan territory, country, lann a prickly
plant, pl. lannou heath, moor.]

1. An open space between woods. Milton.
"Orchard lawns and bowery hollows." Tennyson.

2. Ground (generally in front of or around a house) covered with
grass kept closely mown. Lawn mower, a machine for clipping the short
grass of lawns.
 -- Lawn tennis, a variety of the game of tennis, played in the open
air, sometimes upon a lawn, instead of in a tennis court. See Tennis.

LAWN
Lawn, n. Etym: [Earlier laune lynen, i. e., lawn linen; prob. from
the town Laon in France.]

Defn: A very fine linen (or sometimes cotton) fabric with a rather
open texture. Lawn is used for the sleeves of a bishop's official
dress in the English Church, and, figuratively, stands for the office
itself.
A saint in crape is twice in lawn. Pope.

LAWND
Lawnd, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Laund.

LAWNY
Lawn"y, a.

Defn: Having a lawn; characterized by a lawn or by lawns; like a
lawn.
Musing through the lawny park. T. Warton.

LAWNY
Lawn"y, a.

Defn: Made of lawn or fine linen. Bp. Hall.

LAWSONIA
Law*so"ni*a, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An Asiatic and North African shrub (Lawsonia inermis), with
smooth oval leaves, and fragrant white flowers. Henna is prepared
from the leaves and twigs. In England the shrub is called Egyptian
privet, and in the West Indies, Jamaica mignonette.

LAWSUIT
Law"suit`, n.

Defn: An action at law; a suit in equity or admiralty; any legal
proceeding before a court for the enforcement of a claim.

LAWYER
Law"yer, n. Etym: [From Law, like bowyer, fr.bow.]

1. One versed in the laws, or a practitioner of law; one whose
profession is to conduct lawsuits for clients, or to advise as to
prosecution or defence of lawsuits, or as to legal rights and
obligations in other matters. It is a general term, comprehending
attorneys, counselors, solicitors, barristers, sergeants, and
advocates.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The black-necked stilt. See Stilt.
(b) The bowfin (Amia calva).
(c) The burbot (Lota maculosa).

LAWYERLIKE; LAWYERLY
Law"yer*like`, Law"yer*ly, a.

Defn: Like, or becoming, a lawyer; as, lawyerlike sagacity. "Lawyerly
mooting of this point." Milton.

LAX
Lax, a. [Compar. Laxer; superl. Laxest.] Etym: [L. laxus Cf. Laches,
Languish, Lease, v. t., Leash.]

1. Not tense, firm, or rigid; loose; slack; as, a lax bandage; lax
fiber.
The flesh of that sort of fish being lax and spongy. Ray.

2. Not strict or stringent; not exact; loose; weak; vague; equivocal.
The discipline was lax. Macaulay.
Society at that epoch was lenient, if not lax, in matters of the
passions. J. A. Symonds.
The word "æternus" itself is sometimes of a lax signification.
Jortin.

3. Having a looseness of the bowels; diarrheal.

Syn.
 -- Loose; slack; vague; unconfined; unrestrained; dissolute;
licentious.

LAX
Lax, n.

Defn: A looseness; diarrhea.

LAXATION
Lax*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. laxatio, fr. laxare to loosen, fr. laxus
loose, slack.]

Defn: The act of loosening or slackening, or the state of being
loosened or slackened.

LAXATIVE
Lax"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. laxativus mitigating, assuaging: cf. F.
laxatif. See Lax, a.]

1. Having a tendency to loosen or relax. Milton.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Having the effect of loosening or opening the intestines, and
relieving from constipation; -- opposed to astringent.
 -- n. (Med.)

Defn: A laxative medicine. See the Note under Cathartic.

LAXATIVENESS
Lax"a*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being laxative.

LAXATOR
Lax*a"tor, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. laxare, laxatum, to loosen.] (Anat.)

Defn: That which loosens; -- esp., a muscle which by its contraction
loosens some part.

LAXIITY
Lax"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. laxitas, fr. laxus loose, slack: cf. F.
laxité, See Lax, a.]

Defn: The state or quality of being lax; want of tenseness,
strictness, or exactness.

LAXITY
Lax"i*ty (laks"i*ty), n. [L. laxitas, fr. laxus loose, slack: cf. F.
laxité, See Lax, a.]

Defn: The state or quality of being lax; want of tenseness,
strictness, or exactness.

LAXLY
Lax"ly, adv.

Defn: In a lax manner.

LAXNESS
Lax"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being lax; laxity.

LAY
Lay, imp.

Defn: of Lie, to recline.

LAY
Lay, a. Etym: [F. lai, L. laicus, Gr. Laic.]

1. Of or pertaining to the laity, as distinct from the clergy; as, a
lay person; a lay preacher; a lay brother.

2. Not educated or cultivated; ignorant.[Obs.]

3. Not belonging to, or emanating from, a particular profession;
unprofessional; as, a lay opinion regarding the nature of a disease.
Lay baptism (Eccl.), baptism administered by a lay person. F. G. Lee.
 -- Lay brother (R. C. Ch.), one received into a convent of monks
under the three vows, but not in holy orders.
 -- Lay clerk (Eccl.), a layman who leads the responses of the
congregation, etc., in the church service. Hook.
 -- Lay days (Com.), time allowed in a charter party for taking in
and discharging cargo. McElrath.
 -- Lay elder. See 2d Elder, 3, note.

LAY
Lay, n.

Defn: The laity; the common people. [Obs.]
The learned have no more privilege than the lay. B. Jonson.

LAY
Lay, n.

Defn: A meadow. See Lea. [Obs.] Dryden.

LAY
Lay, n. Etym: [OF.lei faith, law, F. loi law. See Legal.]

1. Faith; creed; religious profession. [Obs.]
Of the sect to which that he was born He kept his lay, to which that
he was sworn. Chaucer.

2. A law. [Obs.] "Many goodly lays." Spenser.

3. An obligation; a vow. [Obs.]
They bound themselves by a sacred lay and oath. Holland.

LAY
Lay, a. Etym: [OF. lai, lais, prob. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. laoi,
laoidh, song, poem, OIr.laoidh poem, verse; but cf. also AS. lac
play, sport, G. leich a sort of poem (cf. Lake to sport).

1. A song; a simple lyrical poem; a ballad. Spenser. Sir W. Scott.

2. A melody; any musical utterance.
The throstle cock made eke his lay. Chaucer.

LAY
Lay, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Laid; p. pr. & vb. n. Laying.] Etym: [OE.
leggen, AS. lecgan, causative, fr. licgan to lie; akin to D.leggen,
G. legen, Icel. leggja, Goth. lagjan. See Lie to be prostrate.]

1. To cause to lie down, to be prostrate, or to lie against
something; to put or set down; to deposit; as, to lay a book on the
table; to lay a body in the grave; a shower lays the dust.
A stone was brought, and laid upon the mouth of the den. Dan. vi. 17.
Soft on the flowery herb I found me laid. Milton.

2. To place in position; to establish firmly; to arrange with
regularity; to dispose in ranks or tiers; as, to lay a corner stone;
to lay bricks in a wall; to lay the covers on a table.

3. To prepare; to make ready; to contrive; to provide; as, to lay a
snare, an ambush, or a plan.

4. To spread on a surface; as, to lay plaster or paint.

5. To cause to be still; to calm; to allay; to suppress; to exorcise,
as an evil spirit.
After a tempest when the winds are laid. Waller.

6. To cause to lie dead or dying.
Brave Cæneus laid Ortygius on the plain, The victor Cæneus was by
Turnus slain. Dryden.

7. To deposit, as a wager; to stake; to risk.
I dare lay mine honor He will remain so. Shak.

8. To bring forth and deposit; as, to lay eggs.

9. To apply; to put.
She layeth her hands to the spindle. Prov. xxxi. 19.

10. To impose, as a burden, suffering, or punishment; to assess, as a
tax; as, to lay a tax on land.
The Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all. Is. Iiii. 6.

11. To impute; to charge; to allege.
God layeth not folly to them. Job xxiv. 12.
Lay the fault on us. Shak.

12. To impose, as a command or a duty; as, to lay commands on one.

13. To present or offer; as, to lay an indictment in a particular
county; to lay a scheme before one.

14. (Law)

Defn: To state; to allege; as, to lay the venue. Bouvier.

15. (Mil.)

Defn: To point; to aim; as, to lay a gun.

16. (Rope Making)

Defn: To put the strands of (a rope, a cable, etc.) in their proper
places and twist or unite them; as, to lay a cable or rope.

17. (Print.)
(a) To place and arrange (pages) for a form upon the imposing stone.
(b) To place (new type) properly in the cases. To lay asleep, to put
sleep; to make unobservant or careless. Bacon.
 -- To lay bare, to make bare; to strip.
And laid those proud roofs bare to summer's rain. Byron.
-- To lay before, to present to; to submit for consideration; as, the
papers are laid before Congress.
 -- To lay by. (a) To save. (b) To discard.
Let brave spirits . . . not be laid by. Bacon.
-- To lay by the heels, to put in the stocks. Shak.
 -- To lay down. (a) To stake as a wager. (b) To yield; to
relinquish; to surrender; as, to lay down one's life; to lay down
one's arms. (c) To assert or advance, as a proposition or principle.
 -- To lay forth. (a) To extend at length; (reflexively) to exert
one's self; to expatiate. [Obs.] (b) To lay out (as a corpse). [Obs.]
Shak.
 -- To lay hands on, to seize.
 -- To lay hands on one's self, or To lay violent hands on one's
self, to injure one's self; specif., to commit suicide.
 -- To lay heads together, to consult.
 -- To lay hold of, or To lay hold on, to seize; to catch.
 -- To lay in, to store; to provide.
 -- To lay it on, to apply without stint. Shak.
 -- To lay on, to apply with force; to inflict; as, to lay on blows.
 -- To lay on load, to lay on blows; to strike violently. [Obs. or
Archaic] -- To lay one's self out, to strive earnestly.
No selfish man will be concerned to lay out himself for the good of
his country. Smalridge.
-- To lay one's self open to, to expose one's self to, as to an
accusation.
 -- To lay open, to open; to uncover; to expose; to reveal.
 -- To lay over, to spread over; to cover.
 -- To lay out. (a) To expend. Macaulay. (b) To display; to discover.
(c) To plan in detail; to arrange; as, to lay out a garden. (d) To
prepare for burial; as, to lay out a corpse. (e) To exert; as, to lay
out all one's strength.
 -- To lay siege to. (a) To besiege; to encompass with an army. (b)
To beset pertinaciously.
 -- To lay the course (Naut.), to sail toward the port intended
without jibing.
 -- To lay the land (Naut.), to cause it to disappear below the
horizon, by sailing away from it.
 -- To lay to (a) To charge upon; to impute. (b) To apply with vigor.
(c) To attack or harass. [Obs.] Knolles. (d) (Naut.) To check the
motion of (a vessel) and cause it to be stationary.
 -- To lay to heart, to feel deeply; to consider earnestly.
 -- To lay under, to subject to; as, to lay under obligation or
restraint.
 -- To lay unto. (a) Same as To lay to (above). (b) To put before.
Hos. xi. 4.
 -- To lay up. (a) To store; to reposit for future use. (b) To
confine; to disable. (c) To dismantle, and retire from active
service, as a ship.
 -- To lay wait for, to lie in ambush for.
 -- To lay waste, to destroy; to make desolate; as, to lay waste the
land.

Syn.
 -- See Put, v. t., and the Note under 4th Lie.

LAY
Lay, v. i.

1. To produce and deposit eggs.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To take a position; to come or go; as, to lay forward; to lay
aloft.

3. To lay a wager; to bet. To lay about, or To lay about one, to
strike vigorously in all directions. J. H. Newman.
 -- To lay at, to strike or strike at. Spenser.
 -- To lay for, to prepare to capture or assault; to lay wait for.
[Colloq.] Bp Hall.
 -- To lay in for, to make overtures for; to engage or secure the
possession of. [Obs.] "I have laid in for these." Dryden.
 -- To lay on, to strike; to beat; to attack. Shak.
 -- To lay out, to purpose; to plan; as, he lays out to make a
journey.

LAY
Lay, n.

1. That which lies or is laid or is conceived of as having been laid
or placed in its position; a row; a stratum; a layer; as, a lay of
stone or wood. Addison.
A viol should have a lay of wire strings below. Bacon.

Note: The lay of a rope is right-handed or left-handed according to
the hemp or strands are laid up. See Lay, v. t., 16. The lay of land
is its topographical situation, esp. its slope and its surface
features.

2. A wager. "My fortunes against any lay worth naming."

3.
(a) A job, price, or profit. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.
(b) A share of the proceeds or profits of an enterprise; as, when a
man ships for a whaling voyage, he agrees for a certain lay. [U. S.]

4. (Textile Manuf.)
(a) A measure of yarn; a les. See 1st Lea (a).
(b) The lathe of a loom. See Lathe, 8.

5. A plan; a scheme. [Slang] Dickens. Lay figure. (a) A jointed model
of the human body that may be put in any attitude; -- used for
showing the disposition of drapery, etc. (b) A mere puppet; one who
serves the will of others without independent volition.
 -- Lay race, that part of a lay on which the shuttle travels in
weaving; -- called also shuttle race.

LAYER
Lay"er, n. Etym: [See Lay to cause to lie flat.]

1. One who, or that which, lays.

2. Etym: [Prob. a corruption of lair.]

Defn: That which is laid; a stratum; a bed; one thickness, course, or
fold laid over another; as, a layer of clay or of sand in the earth;
a layer of bricks, or of plaster; the layers of an onion.

3. A shoot or twig of a plant, not detached from the stock, laid
under ground for growth or propagation.

4. An artificial oyster bed.

LAYERING
Lay"er*ing, n.

Defn: A propagating by layers. Gardner.

LAYETTE
Lay*ette", n. [F.] (Med.)

Defn: The outfit of clothing, blankets, etc., prepared for a newborn
infant, and placed ready for used.

LAYING
Lay"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, lays.

2. The act or period of laying eggs; the eggs laid for one
incubation; a clutch.

3. The first coat on laths of plasterer's two-coat work.

LAYLAND
Lay"land`, n. Etym: [Lay a meadow + land.]

Defn: Land lying untilled; fallow ground. [Obs.] Blount.

LAYMAN
Lay"man n.; pl. Laymen (. Etym: [Lay, adj. + man.]

1. One of the people, in distinction from the clergy; one of the
laity; sometimes, a man not belonging to some particular profession,
in distinction from those who do.
Being a layman, I ought not to have concerned myself with
speculations which belong to the profession. Dryden.

2. A lay figure. See under Lay, n. (above). Dryden

LAYNER
Lay"ner, n.Etym: [See Lanier.]

Defn: A whiplash. [Obs.]

LAY READER
Lay" read"er. (Eccl.)

Defn: A layman authorized to read parts of the public service of the
church.

LAY SHAFT; LAYSHAFT
Lay shaft, or Lay"shaft`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: A secondary shaft, as in a sliding change gear for an
automobile; a cam shaft operated by a two-to-one gear in an internal-
combustion engine. It is generally a shaft moving more or less
independently of the other parts of a machine, as, in some marine
engines, a shaft, driven by a small auxiliary engine, for
independently operating the valves of the main engine to insure
uniform motion.

LAYSHIP
Lay"ship, n.

Defn: The condition of being a layman. [Obs.] Milton.

LAYSTALL
Lay"stall`, n.

1. A place where rubbish, dung, etc., are laid or deposited.[Obs.] B.
Jonson.
Smithfield was a laystall of all ordure and filth. Bacon.

2. A place where milch cows are kept, or cattle on the way to market
are lodged. [Obs.]

LAZAR
La"zar, n. Etym: [OF. lazare, fr. Lazarus the beggar. Luke xvi. 20.]

Defn: A person infected with a filthy or pestilential disease; a
leper. Chaucer.
Like loathsome lazars, by the hedges lay. Spenser.
Lazar house a lazaretto; also, a hospital for quarantine.

LAZARET; LAZARETTO
Laz`a*ret", Laz`a*ret"to, n. Etym: [F. lazaret, or It. lazzeretto,
fr. Lazarus. See Lazar.]

Defn: A public building, hospital, or pesthouse for the reception of
diseased persons, particularly those affected with contagious
diseases.

LAZARET FEVER
Lazaret fever. (Med.)

Defn: Typhus fever.

LAZARIST; LAZARITE
Laz"a*rist, Laz"a*rite, n. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: One of the Congregation of the Priests of the Mission, a
religious institute founded by Vincent de Paul in 1624, and popularly
called Lazarists or Lazarites from the College of St. Lazare in
Paris, which was occupied by them until 1792.

LAZARLIKE; LAZARLY
La"zar*like`, La"zar*ly, a.

Defn: Full of sores; leprous. Shak. Bp. Hall.

LAZARONI
Laz`a*ro"ni, n. pl.

Defn: See Lazzaroni.

LAZARWORT
La"zar*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Laserwort.

LAZE
Laze, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lazed; p. pr. & vb. n. Lazing.] Etym: [See
Lazy.]

Defn: To be lazy or idle. [Colloq.] Middleton.

LAZE
Laze, v. t.

Defn: To waste in sloth; to spend, as time, in idleness; as, to laze
away whole days. [Colloq.]

LAZILY
La"zi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lazy manner. Locke.

LAZINESS
La"zi*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being lazy.
Laziness travels so slowly, that Poverty soon overtakes him.
Franklin.

LAZULI
Laz"u*li, n.Etym: [F. & NL. lapis lazuli, LL. lazulus, lazurius,
lazur from the same Oriental source as E. azure. See Azure.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a fine azure-blue color, usually in small rounded
masses. It is essentially a silicate of alumina, lime, and soda, with
some sodium sulphide, is often marked by yellow spots or veins of
sulphide of iron, and is much valued for ornamental work. Called also
lapis lazuli, and Armenian stone.

LAZULITE
Laz"u*lite, n. Etym: [From lazuli : cf. F. lazulite, G. lazulith.]
(Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a light indigo-blue color, occurring in small
masses, or in monoclinic crystals; blue spar. It is a hydrous
phosphate of alumina and magnesia.

LAZY
La"zy, a. [Compar. Lazier; superl. Laziest.] Etym: [OE. lasie,
laesic, of uncertain origin; cf. F. las tired, L. lassus, akin to E.
late; or cf. LG. losig, lesig.]

1. Disinclined to action or exertion; averse to labor; idle; shirking
work. Bacon.

2. Inactive; slothful; slow; sluggish; as, a lazy stream. "The night
owl's lazy flight." Shak.

3. Wicked; vicious. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] B. Jonson.

Lazy tongs, a system of jointed bars capable of great extension,
originally made for picking up something at a distance, now variously
applied in machinery.

Syn.
 -- Idle; indolent; sluggish; slothful. See Idle.

LAZYBACK
La"zy*back`, n.

Defn: A support for the back, attached to the seat of a carriage.
[Colloq.]

LAZYBONES
La"zy*bones`, n.

Defn: A lazy person. [Colloq.]

LAZZARONI
Laz`za*ro"ni (; It. , n. pl. Etym: [It. lazzarone, pl. lazzaroni.]

Defn: The homeless idlers of Naples who live by chance work or
begging; -- so called from the Hospital of St. Lazarus, which serves
as their refuge. [Written also, but improperly, lazaroni.]

LEA
Lea, n. Etym: [Cf. Lay, n. (that which is laid), 4.] (Textile Manuf.)
(a) A measure of yarn; for linen, 300 yards; for cotton, 120 yards; a
lay.
(b) A set of warp threads carried by a loop of the heddle.

LEA
Lea, n. Etym: [OE. ley, lay, As. leáh, leá; akin to Prov. G. lon bog,
morass, grove, and perh. to L. lucus grove, E. light, n.]

Defn: A meadow or sward land; a grassy field. "Plow-torn leas." Shak.
The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea. Gray.

LEACH
Leach, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See 3d Leech.

LEACH
Leach, n. [Written also letch.] Etym: [Cf. As. leáh lye, G. lauge.
See Lye.]

1. A quantity of wood ashes, through which water passes, and thus
imbibes the alkali.

2. A tub or vat for leaching ashes, bark, etc. Leach tub, a wooden
tub in which ashes are leached.

LEACH
Leach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Leached; p. pr. & vb. n. Leaching.] Etym:
[Written also leech and letch.]

1. To remove the soluble constituents from by subjecting to the
action of percolating water or other liquid; as, to leach ashes or
coffee.

2. To dissolve out; -- often used with out; as, to leach out alkali
from ashes.

LEACH
Leach, v. i.

Defn: To part with soluble constituents by percolation.

LEACH
Leach, n.

Defn: See Leech, a physician. [Obs.]

LEACHY
Leach"y, a.

Defn: Permitting liquids to pass by percolation; not capable of
retaining water; porous; pervious; -- said of gravelly or sandy
soils, and the like.

LEAD
Lead (lêd), n. Etym: [OE. led, leed, lead, AS. leád; akin to D. lood,
MHG. lot, G. loth plummet, sounding lead, small weight, Sw. & Dan.
lod. sq. root123]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: One of the elements, a heavy, pliable, inelastic metal, having
a bright, bluish color, but easily tarnished. It is both malleable
and ductile, though with little tenacity, and is used for tubes,
sheets, bullets, etc. Its specific gravity is 11.37. It is easily
fusible, forms alloys with other metals, and is an ingredient of
solder and type metal. Atomic weight, 206.4. Symbol Pb (L. Plumbum).
It is chiefly obtained from the mineral galena, lead sulphide.

2. An article made of lead or an alloy of lead; as:
(a) A plummet or mass of lead, used in sounding at sea.
(b) (Print.) A thin strip of type metal, used to separate lines of
type in printing.
(c) Sheets or plates of lead used as a covering for roofs; hence,
pl., a roof covered with lead sheets or terne plates.
I would have the tower two stories, and goodly leads upon the top.
Bacon

3. A small cylinder of black lead or plumbago, used in pencils. Black
lead, graphite or plumbago, ; -- so called from its leadlike
appearance and streak. [Colloq.] -- Coasting lead, a sounding lead
intermediate in weight between a hand lead and deep-sea lead.
 -- Deep-sea lead, the heaviest of sounding leads, used in water
exceeding a hundred fathoms in depth. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
 -- Hand lead, a small lead use for sounding in shallow water.
 -- Krems lead, Kremnitz lead Etym: [so called from Krems or
Kremnitz, in Austria], a pure variety of white lead, formed into
tablets, and called also Krems, or Kremnitz, white, and Vienna white.
 -- Lead arming, tallow put in the hollow of a sounding lead. See To
arm the lead (below).
 -- Lead colic. See under Colic.
 -- Lead color, a deep bluish gray color, like tarnished lead.
 -- Lead glance. (Min.) Same as Galena.
 -- Lead line (a) (Med.) A dark line along the gums produced by a
deposit of metallic lead, due to lead poisoning. (b) (Naut.) A
sounding line.
 -- Lead mill, a leaden polishing wheel, used by lapidaries.
 -- Lead ocher (Min.), a massive sulphur-yellow oxide of lead. Same
as Massicot.
 -- Lead pencil, a pencil of which the marking material is graphite
(black lead).
 -- Lead plant (Bot.), a low leguminous plant, genus Amorpha (A.
canescens), found in the Northwestern United States, where its
presence is supposed to indicate lead ore. Gray.
 -- Lead tree. (a) (Bot.) A West Indian name for the tropical,
leguminous tree, Leucæna glauca; -- probably so called from the
glaucous color of the foliage. (b) (Chem.) Lead crystallized in
arborescent forms from a solution of some lead salt, as by suspending
a strip of zinc in lead acetate.
 -- Mock lead, a miner's term for blende.
 -- Red lead, a scarlet, crystalline, granular powder, consisting of
minium when pure, but commonly containing several of the oxides of
lead. It is used as a paint or cement and also as an ingredient of
flint glass.
 -- Red lead ore (Min.), crocoite.
 -- Sugar of lead, acetate of lead.
 -- To arm the lead, to fill the hollow in the bottom of a sounding
lead with tallow in order to discover the nature of the bottom by the
substances adhering. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
 -- To cast, or heave, the lead, to cast the sounding lead for
ascertaining the depth of water.
 -- White lead, hydrated carbonate of lead, obtained as a white,
amorphous powder, and much used as an ingredient of white paint.

LEAD
Lead, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Leaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Leading.]

1. To cover, fill, or affect with lead; as, continuous firing leads
the grooves of a rifle.

2. (Print.)

Defn: To place leads between the lines of; as, to lead a page; leaded
matter.

LEAD
Lead (led), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Led; p. pr. & vb. n. Leading.] Etym:
[OE. leden, AS. l (akin to OS. l, D. leiden, G. leiten,Icel. le, Sw.
leda, Dan.lede), properly a causative fr. AS. li to go; akin to OHG.
l, Icel. l,Goth. leipan (in comp.). Cf. Lode, Loath.]

1. To guide or conduct with the hand, or by means of some physical
contact connection; as, a father leads a child; a jockey leads a
horse with a halter; a dog leads a blind man.
If a blind man lead a blind man, both fall down in the ditch. Wyclif
(Matt. xv. 14.)
They thrust him out of the city, and led him unto the brow of the
hill. Luke iv. 29.
In thy right hand lead with thee The mountain nymph, sweet Liberty.
Milton.

2. To guide or conduct in a certain course, or to a certain place or
end, by making the way known; to show the way, esp. by going with or
going in advance of. Hence, figuratively: To direct; to counsel; to
instruct; as, to lead a traveler; to lead a pupil.
The Lord went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them
the way. Ex. xiii. 21.
He leadeth me beside the still waters. Ps. xxiii. 2.
This thought might lead me through the world's vain mask. Content,
though blind, had I no better guide. Milton.

3. To conduct or direct with authority; to have direction or charge
of; as, to lead an army, an exploring party, or a search; to lead a
political party.
Christ took not upon him flesh and blood that he might conquer and
rule nations, lead armies, or possess places. South.

4. To go or to be in advance of; to precede; hence, to be foremost or
chief among; as, the big sloop led the fleet of yachts; the Guards
led the attack; Demosthenes leads the orators of all ages.
As Hesperus, that leads the sun his way. Fairfax.
And lo ! Ben Adhem's name led all the rest. Leigh Hunt.

5. To draw or direct by influence, whether good or bad; to prevail
on; to induce; to entice; to allure; as, to lead one to espouse a
righteous cause.
He was driven by the necessities of the times, more than led by his
own disposition, to any rigor of actions. Eikon Basilike.
Silly women, laden with sins,led away by divers lusts. 2 Tim. iii. 6
(Rev. Ver.).

6. To guide or conduct one's self in, through, or along (a certain
course); hence, to proceed in the way of; to follow the path or
course of; to pass; to spend. Also, to cause (one) to proceed or
follow in (a certain course).
That we may lead a quiet and peaceable life. 1 Tim. ii. 2.
Nor thou with shadowed hint confuse A life that leads melodious days.
Tennyson.
You remember . . . the life he used to lead his wife and daughter.
Dickens.

7. (Cards & Dominoes)

Defn: To begin a game, round, or trick, with; as, to lead trumps; the
double five was led. To lead astray, to guide in a wrong way, or into
error; to seduce from truth or rectitude.
 -- To lead captive, to carry or bring into captivity.
 -- To lead the way, to show the way by going in front; to act as
guide. Goldsmith.

LEAD
Lead, v. i.

1. To guide or conduct, as by accompanying, going before, showing,
influencing, directing with authority, etc.; to have precedence or
preëminence; to be first or chief; -- used in most of the senses of
lead, v. t.

2. To tend or reach in a certain direction, or to a certain place;
as, the path leads to the mill; gambling leads to other vices.
The mountain foot that leads towards Mantua. Shak.
To lead off or out, to go first; to begin.

LEAD
Lead, n.

1. The act of leading or conducting; guidance; direction; as, to take
the lead; to be under the lead of another.
At the time I speak of, and having a momentary lead, . . . I am sure
I did my country important service. Burke.

2. precedence; advance position; also, the measure of precedence; as,
the white horse had the lead; a lead of a boat's length, or of half a
second.

3. (Cards & Dominoes)

Defn: The act or right of playing first in a game or round; the card
suit, or piece, so played; as, your partner has the lead.

4. An open way in an ice field. Kane.

5. (Mining)

Defn: A lode.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: The course of a rope from end to end.

7. (Steam Engine)

Defn: The width of port opening which is uncovered by the valve, for
the admission or release of steam, at the instant when the piston is
at end of its stroke.

Note: When used alone it means outside lead, or lead for the
admission of steam. Inside lead refers to the release or exhaust.

8. (Civil Engineering)

Defn: the distance of haul, as from a cutting to an embankment.

9. (Horology)

Defn: The action of a tooth, as a tooth of a wheel, in impelling
another tooth or a pallet. Saunier. Lead angle (Steam Engine), the
angle which the crank maker with the line of centers, in approaching
it, at the instant when the valve opens to admit steam.
 -- Lead screw (Mach.), the main longitudinal screw of a lathe, which
gives the feed motion to the carriage.

LEADED
Lead"ed, a.

1. Fitted with lead; set in lead; as, leaded windows.

2. (Print.)

Defn: Separated by leads, as the lines of a page.

LEADEN
Lead"en, a.

1. Made of lead; of the nature of lead; as, a leaden ball.

2. Like lead in color, etc. ; as, a leaden sky.

3. Heavy; dull; sluggish. "Leaden slumber." Shak.

LEADER
Lead"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, leads or conducts; a guide; a conductor.
Especially:
(a) One who goes first.
(b) One having authority to direct; a chief; a commander.
(c) (Mus.) A performer who leads a band or choir in music; also, in
an orchestra, the principal violinist; the one who plays at the head
of the first violins.
(d) (Naut.) A block of hard wood pierced with suitable holes for
leading ropes in their proper places.
(e) (Mach.) The principal wheel in any kind of machinery. [Obs. or
R.] G. Francis.
(f) A horse placed in advance of others; one of the forward pair of
horses.
He forgot to pull in his leaders, and they gallop away with him at
times. Hare.

(g) A pipe for conducting rain water from a roof to a cistern or to
the ground; a conductor. (h) (Fishing)

Defn: A net for leading fish into a pound, weir, etc. ; also, a line
of gut, to which the snell of a fly hook is attached.
(i) (Mining) A branch or small vein, not important in itself, but
indicating the proximity of a better one.

2. The first, or the principal, editorial article in a newspaper; a
leading or main editorial article.

3. (Print.)
(a) A type having a dot or short row of dots upon its face. (b) pl.

Defn: a row of dots, periods, or hyphens, used in tables of contents,
etc., to lead the eye across a space to the right word or number.

Syn.
 -- chief; chieftain; commander. See Chief.

LEADERSHIP
Lead"er*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a leader.

LEADHILLITE
Lead"hill*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a yellowish or greenish white color, consisting of
the sulphate and carbonate of lead; -- so called from having been
first found at Leadhills, Scotland.

LEADING
Lead"ing, a.

Defn: Guiding; directing; controlling; foremost; as, a leading
motive; a leading man; a leading example.
 -- Lead"ing*ly, adv. Leading case (Law), a reported decision which
has come to be regarded as settling the law of the question involved.
Abbott.
 -- Leading motive Etym: [a translation of G. leitmotif] (Mus.), a
guiding theme; in the modern music drama of Wagner, a marked melodic
phrase or short passage which always accompanies the reappearance of
a certain person, situation, abstract idea, or allusion in the course
of the play; a sort of musical label.
 -- Leading note (Mus.), the seventh note or tone in the ascending
major scale; the sensible note.
 -- Leading question, a question so framed as to guide the person
questioned in making his reply.
 -- Leading strings, strings by which children are supported when
beginning to walk.
 -- To be in leading strings, to be in a state of infancy or
dependence, or under the guidance of others.
 -- Leading wheel, a wheel situated before the driving wheels of a
locomotive engine.

LEADING
Lead"ing, n.

1. The act of guiding, directing, governing, or enticing; guidance.
Shak.

2. Suggestion; hint; example. [Archaic] Bacon.

LEADING EDGE
Lead"ing edge. (Aëronautics)

Defn: same as Advancing edge, above.

LEADMAN
Lead"man, n.; pl. Leadmen (.

Defn: One who leads a dance.[Obs.] B. Jonson.

LEADSMAN
Leads"man, n.; pl. Leadsmen (. (Naut.)

Defn: The man who heaves the lead. Totten.

LEADWORT
Lead"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of maritime herbs (Plumbago). P. Europæa has lead-
colored spots on the leaves, and nearly lead-colored flowers.

LEADY
Lead"y, a.

Defn: Resembling lead. Sir T. Elyot.

LEAF
Leaf, n.; pl. Leaves. Etym: [OE. leef, lef, leaf, AS. leáf; akin to
S. l, OFries. laf, D. loof foliage, G. laub,OHG. loub leaf, foliage,
Icel. lauf, Sw. löf, Dan. löv, Goth. laufs; cf. Lith. lapas. Cf.
Lodge.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A colored, usually green, expansion growing from the side of a
stem or rootstock, in which the sap for the use of the plant is
elaborated under the influence of light; one of the parts of a plant
which collectively constitute its foliage.

Note: Such leaves usually consist of a blade, or lamina , supported
upon a leafstalk or petiole, which, continued through the blade as
the midrib, gives off woody ribs and veins that support the cellular
texture. The petiole has usually some sort of an appendage on each
side of its base, which is called the stipule. The green parenchyma
of the leaf is covered with a thin epiderm pierced with closable
microscopic openings, known as stomata.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A special organ of vegetation in the form of a lateral
outgrowth from the stem, whether appearing as a part of the foliage,
or as a cotyledon, a scale, a bract, a spine, or a tendril.

Note: In this view every part of a plant, except the root and the
stem, is either a leaf, or is composed of leaves more or less
modified and transformed.

3. Something which is like a leaf in being wide and thin and having a
flat surface, or in being attached to a larger body by one edge or
end; as : (a) A part of a book or folded sheet containing two pages
upon its opposite sides. (b) A side, division, or part, that slides
or is hinged, as of window shutters, folding doors, etc. (c) The
movable side of a table. (d) A very thin plate; as, gold leaf. (e) A
portion of fat lying in a separate fold or layer. (f) One of the
teeth of a pinion, especially when small. Leaf beetle (Zoöl.), any
beetle which feeds upon leaves; esp., any species of the family
Chrysomelidæ, as the potato beetle and helmet beetle.
 -- Leaf bridge, a draw-bridge having a platform or leaf which swings
vertically on hinges.
 -- Leaf bud (Bot.), a bud which develops into leaves or a leafy
branch.
 -- Leaf butterfly (Zoöl.), any butterfly which, in the form and
colors of its wings, resembles the leaves of plants upon which it
rests; esp., butterflies of the genus Kallima, found in Southern Asia
and the East Indies.
 -- Leaf crumpler (Zoöl.), a small moth (Phycis indigenella), the
larva of which feeds upon leaves of the apple tree, and forms its
nest by crumpling and fastening leaves together in clusters.
 -- Leaf cutter (Zoöl.) , any one of various species of wild bees of
the genus Megachile, which cut rounded pieces from the edges of
leaves, or the petals of flowers, to be used in the construction of
their nests, which are made in holes and crevices, or in a leaf
rolled up for the purpose. Among the common American species are M.
brevis and M. centuncularis. Called also rose-cutting bee.
 -- Leaf fat, the fat which lies in leaves or layers within the body
of an animal.
 -- Leaf flea (Zoöl.), a jumping plant louse of the family Psyllidæ.
 -- Leaf frog (Zoöl.), any tree frog of the genus Phyllomedusa.
 -- Leaf green.(Bot.) See Chlorophyll.
 -- Leaf hopper (Zoöl.), any small jumping hemipterous insect of the
genus Tettigonia, and allied genera. They live upon the leaves and
twigs of plants. See Live hopper.
 -- Leaf insect (Zoöl.), any one of several genera and species of
orthopterous insects, esp. of the genus Phyllium, in which the wings,
and sometimes the legs, resemble leaves in color and form. They are
common in Southern Asia and the East Indies.
 -- Leaf lard, lard from leaf fat. See under Lard.
 -- Leaf louse (Zoöl.), an aphid.
 -- Leaf metal, metal in thin leaves, as gold, silver, or tin.
 -- Leaf miner (Zoöl.), any one of various small lepidopterous and
dipterous insects, which, in the larval stages, burrow in and eat the
parenchyma of leaves; as, the pear-tree leaf miner (Lithocolletis
geminatella).
 -- Leaf notcher (Zoöl.), a pale bluish green beetle (Artipus
Floridanus), which, in Florida, eats the edges of the leaves of
orange trees.
 -- Leaf roller (Zoöl.), the larva of any tortricid moth which makes
a nest by rolling up the leaves of plants. See Tortrix.
 -- Leaf scar (Bot.), the cicatrix on a stem whence a leaf has
fallen.
 -- Leaf sewer (Zoöl.), a tortricid moth, whose caterpillar makes a
nest by rolling up a leaf and fastening the edges together with silk,
as if sewn; esp., Phoxopteris nubeculana, which feeds upon the apple
tree.
 -- Leaf sight, a hinges sight on a firearm, which can be raised or
folded down.
 -- Leaf trace (Bot.), one or more fibrovascular bundles, which may
be traced down an endogenous stem from the base of a leaf.
 -- Leaf tier (Zoöl.), a tortricid moth whose larva makes a nest by
fastening the edges of a leaf together with silk; esp., Teras
cinderella, found on the apple tree.
 -- Leaf valve, a valve which moves on a hinge.
 -- Leaf wasp (Zoöl.), a sawfiy.
 -- To turn over a new leaf, to make a radical change for the better
in one's way of living or doing. [Colloq.]
They were both determined to turn over a new leaf. Richardson.

LEAF
Leaf, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Leafed; p. pr. & vb. n. Leafing.]

Defn: To shoot out leaves; to produce leaves; to leave; as, the trees
leaf in May. Sir T. Browne.

LEAFAGE
Leaf"age, n.

Defn: Leaves, collectively; foliage.

LEAFCUP
Leaf"cup`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A coarse American composite weed (Polymnia Uvedalia).

LEAFED
Leafed, a.

Defn: Having (such) a leaf or (so many) leaves; -- used in
composition; as, broad-leafed; four-leafed.

LEAFET
Leaf"et, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A leaflet.

LEAF-FOOTED
Leaf"-foot`ed, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having leaflike expansions on the legs; -- said of certain
insects; as, the leaf-footed bug (Leptoglossus phyllopus).

LEAFINESS
Leaf"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being leafy.

LEAFLESS
Leaf"less, a.

Defn: Having no leaves or foliage; bearing no foliage. "Leafless
groves." Cowper.
 -- Leaf"less*ness, n. Leafless plants, plants having no foliage,
though leaves may be present in the form of scales and bracts. See
Leaf, n., 1 and 2.

LEAFLET
Leaf"let, n.

1. A little leaf; also, a little printed leaf or a tract.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the divisions of a compound leaf; a foliole.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A leaflike organ or part; as, a leaflet of the gills of fishes.

LEAF-NOSED
Leaf"-nosed`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a leaflike membrane on the nose; -- said of certain
bats, esp. of the genera Phyllostoma and Rhinonycteris. See Vampire.

LEAFSTALK
Leaf"stalk`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The stalk or petiole which supports a leaf.

LEAFY
Leaf"y, a. [Compar. Leafier; superl. Leafiest.]

1. Full of leaves; abounding in leaves; as, the leafy forest. "The
leafy month of June." Coleridge.

2. Consisting of leaves. "A leafy bed." Byron.

LEAGUE
League, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. legue, lieue, a measure of length, F.
lieue, Pr. lega, legua, It. & LL. lega, Sp. legua, Pg. legoa, legua;
all fr. LL. leuca, of Celtic origin: cf. Arm. leo, lev (perh. from
French), Ir.leige (perh. from English); also Ir. & Gael. leac a flag,
a broad, flat stone, W. llech, -- such stones having perh. served as
a sort of milestone (cf. Cromlech).]

1. A measure of length or distance, varying in different countries
from about 2.4 to 4.6 English statute miles of 5.280 feet each, and
used (as a land measure) chiefly on the continent of Europe, and in
the Spanish parts of America. The marine league of England and the
United States is equal to three marine, or geographical, miles of
6080 feet each.

Note: The English land league is equal to three English statute
miles. The Spanish and French leagues vary in each country according
to usage and the kind of measurement to which they are applied. The
Dutch and German leagues contain about four geographical miles, or
about 4.6 English statute miles.

2. A stone erected near a public road to mark the distance of a
league. [Obs.]

LEAGUE
League, n. Etym: [F.ligue, LL. liga, fr. L. ligare to bind; cf. Sp.
liga. Cf. Ally a confederate, Ligature.]

Defn: An alliance or combination of two or more nations, parties, or
persons, for the accomplishment of a purpose which requires a
continued course of action, as for mutual defense, or for furtherance
of commercial, religious, or political interests, etc.
And let there be 'Twixt us and them no league, nor amity. Denham.

Note: A league may be offensive or defensive, or both; offensive,
when the parties agree to unite in attacking a common enemy;
defensive, when they agree to a mutual defense of each other against
an enemy. The Holy League, an alliance of Roman Catholics formed in
1576 by influence of the Duke of Guise for the exclusion of
Protestants from the throne of France.
 -- Solemn League and Covenant. See Covenant,2.
 -- The land league, an association, organized in Dublin in 1879, to
promote the interests of the Irish tenantry, its avowed objects being
to secure fixity of tenure fair rent, and free sale of the tenants'
interest. It was declared illegal by Parliament, but vigorous
prosecutions have failed to suppress it.

Syn.
 -- Alliance; confederacy; confederation; coalition; combination;
compact; coöperation.

LEAGUE
League, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Leagued; p. pr. & vb. n. Leaguing.] Etym:
[Cf. F. se liguer. See 2d League.]

Defn: To unite in a league or confederacy; to combine for mutual
support; to confederate South.

LEAGUE
League, v. t.

Defn: To join in a league; to cause to combine for a joint purpose;
to combine; to unite; as, common interests will league heterogeneous
elements.

LEAGUER
Lea"guer, n. Etym: [D.leger camp, bed, couch, lair. See Lair, and
cf.Beleaguer.]

1. The camp of a besieging army; a camp in general. b. Jonson.

2. A siege or beleaguering. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

LEAGUER
Lea"guer, v. t.

Defn: To besiege; to beleaguer. [Obs.]

LEAGUERER
Lea"guer*er, n.

Defn: A besieger. [R.] J. Webster.

LEAK
Leak, n. Etym: [Akin to D. lek leaky, a leak, G.leck, Icel. lekr
leaky, Dan. læk leaky, a leak, Sw. läck; cf. AS. hlec full of cracks
or leaky. Cf. Leak, v.]

1. A crack, crevice, fissure, or hole which admits water or other
fluid, or lets it escape; as, a leak in a roof; a leak in a boat; a
leak in a gas pipe. "One leak will sink a ship." Bunyan.

2. The entrance or escape of a fluid through a crack, fissure, or
other aperture; as, the leak gained on the ship's pumps. To spring a
leak, to open or crack so as to let in water; to begin to let in
water; as, the ship sprung a leak.

LEAK
Leak, a.

Defn: Leaky. [Obs.] Spenser.

LEAK
Leak, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Leaked; p. pr. & vb. n. Leaking.] Etym:
[Akin to D. lekken, G. lecken, lechen, Icel. leka, Dan. lække, Sw.
läcka, AS. leccan to wet, moisten. See Leak, n.]

1. To let water or other fluid in or out through a hole, crevice,
etc.; as, the cask leaks; the roof leaks; the boat leaks.

2. To enter or escape, as a fluid, through a hole, crevice, etc. ; to
pass gradually into, or out of, something; -- usually with in or out.
To leak out, to be divulged gradually or clandestinely; to become
public; as, the facts leaked out.

LEAKAGE
Leak"age (, n. Etym: [Cf. D. lekkage, for sense 1.]

1. A leaking; also, the quantity that enters or issues by leaking.

2. (Com.)

Defn: An allowance of a certain rate per cent for the leaking of
casks, or waste of liquors by leaking.

LEAKINESS
Leak"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being leaky.

LEAKY
Leak"y, a. [Compar. Leakier; superl. Leakiest.]

1. Permitting water or other fluid to leak in or out; as, a leaky
roof or cask.

2. Apt to disclose secrets; tattling; not close. [Colloq.]

LEAL
Leal, a. Etym: [OE. leial, another form of loial, F. loyal. See
Loyal.]

Defn: Faithful; loyal; true.
All men true and leal, all women pure. Tennyson.
Land of the leal, the place of the faithful; heaven.

LEAM
Leam, n. & v. i.

Defn: See Leme. [Obs.] Holland.

LEAM
Leam, n. Etym: [See Leamer, Lien.]

Defn: A cord or strap for leading a dog. Sir W. Scott.

LEAMER
Leam"er, n. Etym: [F. limier, OF. liemier, fr. L. ligamen band,
bandage. See Lien.]

Defn: A dog held by a leam.

LEAN
Lean, v. t. Etym: [Icel. leyna; akin to G. läugnen to deny, AS. l,
also E. lie to speak falsely.]

Defn: To conceal. [Obs.] Ray.

LEAN
Lean, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Leaned, sometimes Leant (p. pr. & vb. n.
Leaning.] Etym: [OE. lenen, AS. hlinian, hleonian, v. i.; akin to OS.
hlinon, D. leunen, OHG. hlinen, linen, G. lehnen, L. inclinare, Gr.
clivus hill, slope. sq. root40. Cf. Declivity, Climax, Incline,
Ladder.]

1. To incline, deviate, or bend, from a vertical position; to be in a
position thus inclining or deviating; as, she leaned out at the
window; a leaning column. "He leant forward." Dickens.

2. To incline in opinion or desire; to conform in conduct; -- with
to, toward, etc.
They delight rather to lean to their old customs. Spenser.

3. To rest or rely, for support, comfort, and the like; -- with on,
upon, or against.
He leaned not on his fathers but himself. Tennyson.

LEAN
Lean, v. t. Etym: [From Lean, v. i. ; AS. hl, v. t., fr. hleonian,
hlinian, v. i.]

Defn: To cause to lean; to incline; to support or rest. Mrs.
Browning.
His fainting limbs against an oak he leant. Dryden.

LEAN
Lean, a. [Compar. Leaner; superl. Leanest.] Etym: [OE. lene, AS. hl;
prob. akin to E. lean to incline. See Lean, v. i. ]

1. Wanting flesh; destitute of or deficient in fat; not plump;
meager; thin; lank; as, a lean body; a lean cattle.

2. Wanting fullness, richness, sufficiency, or productiveness;
deficient in quality or contents; slender; scant; barren; bare; mean;
-- used literally and figuratively; as, the lean harvest; a lean
purse; a lean discourse; lean wages. "No lean wardrobe." Shak.
Their lean and fiashy songs. Milton.
What the land is, whether it be fat or lean. Num. xiii. 20.
Out of my lean and low ability I'll lend you something. Shak.

3. (Typog.)

Defn: Of a character which prevents the compositor from earning the
usual wages; -- opposed to fat; as lean copy, matter, or type.

Syn.
 -- slender; spare; thin; meager; lank; skinny; gaunt.

LEAN
Lean, n.

1. That part of flesh which consist principally of muscle without the
fat.
The fat was so white and the lean was so ruddy. Goldsmith.

2. (Typog.)

Defn: Unremunerative copy or work.

LEAN-FACED
Lean"-faced`, a.

1. Having a thin face.

2. (Typog.)

Defn: slender or narrow; -- said of type the letters of which have
thin lines, or are unusually narrow in proportion to their height. W.
Savage.

LEANING
Lean"ing, n.

Defn: The act, or state, of inclining; inclination; tendency; as, a
leaning towards Calvinism.

LEANLY
Lean"ly, adv.

Defn: Meagerly; without fat or plumpness.

LEANNESS
Lean"ness, n. Etym: [AS. hlænnes.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being lean.

LEAN-TO
Lean"-to`, a. (Arch.)

Defn: Having only one slope or pitch; -- said of a roof.
 -- n.

Defn: A shed or slight building placed against the wall of a larger
structure and having a single-pitched roof; -- called also penthouse,
and to-fall.
The outer circuit was covered as a lean-to, all round this inner
apartment. De Foe.

LEAN-WITTED
Lean"-wit`ted, a.

Defn: Having but little sense or shrewdness.

LEANY
Lean"y, a.

Defn: Lean. [Obs.] Spenser.

LEAP
Leap, n. Etym: [AS. leáp.]

1. A basket. [Obs.] Wyclif.

2. A weel or wicker trap for fish. [Prov. Eng.]

LEAP
Leap, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Leaped, rarely Leapt; p. pr. & vb. n.
Leaping.] Etym: [OE. lepen, leapen, AS. hleápan to leap, jump, run;
akin to OS. ahl, OFries. hlapa, D. loopen, G. laufen, OHG. louffan,
hlauffan, Icel. hlaupa, Sw. löpa, Dan. löbe, Goth. ushlaupan. Cf.
Elope, Lope, Lapwing, Loaf to loiter.]

1. To spring clear of the ground, with the feet; to jump; to vault;
as, a man leaps over a fence, or leaps upon a horse. Bacon.
Leap in with me into this angry flood. Shak.

2. To spring or move suddenly, as by a jump or by jumps; to bound; to
move swiftly. Also Fig.
My heart leaps up when I behold A rainbow in the sky. Wordsworth.

LEAP
Leap, v. t.

1. To pass over by a leap or jump; as, to leap a wall, or a ditch.

2. To copulate with (a female beast); to cover.

3. To cause to leap; as, to leap a horse across a ditch.

LEAP
Leap, n.

1. The act of leaping, or the space passed by leaping; a jump; a
spring; a bound.
Wickedness comes on by degrees, . . . and sudden leaps from one
extreme to another are unnatural. L'Estrange.
Changes of tone may proceed either by leaps or glides. H. Sweet.

2. Copulation with, or coverture of, a female beast.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A fault.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A passing from one note to another by an interval, especially
by a long one, or by one including several other and intermediate
intervals.

LEAPER
Leap"er, n. Etym: [AS. hleápere.]

Defn: One who, or that which, leaps.

LEAPER
Leap"er, n. Etym: [See 1st Leap.]

Defn: A kind of hooked instrument for untwisting old cordage.

LEAPFROG
Leap"frog`, n.

Defn: A play among boys, in which one stoops down and another leaps
over him by placing his hands on the shoulders of the former.

LEAPFUL
Leap"ful, n. Etym: [See 1st Leap.]

Defn: A basketful. [Obs.]

LEAPING
Leap"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Leap, to jump. Leaping house, a brothel. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- Leaping pole, a pole used in some games of leaping.
 -- Leaping spider (Zoöl.), a jumping spider; one of the Saltigradæ.

LEAPINGLY
Leap"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By leaps.

LEAP YEAR
Leap" year`

Defn: . Bissextile; a year containing 366 days; every fourth year
which leaps over a day more than a common year, giving to February
twenty-nine days. See Bissextile.

Note: Every year whose number is divisible by four without a
remainder is a leap year, excepting the full centuries, which, to be
leap years, must be divisible by 400 without a remainder. If not so
divisible they are common years. 1900, therefore, is not a leap year.

LEAR
Lear, v. t.

Defn: To learn. See Lere, to learn. [Obs.]

LEAR
Lear, n.

Defn: Lore; lesson. [Obs.] Spenser.

LEAR
Lear, a.

Defn: See Leer, a. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

LEAR
Lear, n.

Defn: An annealing oven. See Leer, n.

LEARN
Learn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Learned, or Learnt (p. pr. & vb. n.
Learning.] Etym: [OE. lernen, leornen, AS. leornian; akin to OS.
linon, for lirnon, OHG. lirnen, lernen, G. lernen, fr. the root of
AS. l to teach, OS. lerian, OHG.leran, G. lehren, Goth. laisjan, also
Goth lais I know, leis acquainted (in comp.); all prob. from a root
meaning, to go, go over, and hence, to learn; cf. AS. leoran to go .
Cf. Last a mold of the foot, lore.]

1. To gain knowledge or information of; to ascertain by inquiry,
study, or investigation; to receive instruction concerning; to fix in
the mind; to acquire understanding of, or skill; as, to learn the
way; to learn a lesson; to learn dancing; to learn to skate; to learn
the violin; to learn the truth about something. "Learn to do well."
Is. i. 17.
Now learn a parable of the fig tree. Matt. xxiv. 32.

2. To communicate knowledge to; to teach. [Obs.]
Hast thou not learned me how To make perfumes Shak.

Note: Learn formerly had also the sense of teach, in accordance with
the analogy of the French and other languages, and hence we find it
with this sense in Shakespeare, Spenser, and other old writers. This
usage has now passed away. To learn is to receive instruction, and to
teach is to give instruction. He who is taught learns, not he who
teaches.

LEARN
Learn, v. i.

Defn: To acquire knowledge or skill; to make progress in acquiring
knowledge or skill; to receive information or instruction; as, this
child learns quickly.
Take my yoke upon you and learn of me. Matt. xi. 29.
To learn by heart. See By heart, under Heart.
 -- To learn by rote, to memorize by repetition without exercise of
the understanding.

LEARNABLE
Learn"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be learned.

LEARNED
Learn"ed, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to learning; possessing, or characterized by,
learning, esp. scholastic learning; erudite; well-informed; as, a
learned scholar, writer, or lawyer; a learned book; a learned theory.
The learnedlover lost no time. Spenser.
Men of much reading are greatly learned, but may be little knowing.
Locke.
Words of learned length and thundering sound. Goldsmith.
The learned, learned men; men of erudition; scholars.
 -- Learn"ed*ly, adv. Learn"ed*ness, n.
Every coxcomb swears as learnedly as they. Swift.

LEARNER
Learn"er, n.

Defn: One who learns; a scholar.

LEARNING
Learn"ing, n. Etym: [AS. leornung.]

1. The acquisition of knowledge or skill; as, the learning of
languages; the learning of telegraphy.

2. The knowledge or skill received by instruction or study; acquired
knowledge or ideas in any branch of science or literature; erudition;
literature; science; as, he is a man of great learning. Book
learning. See under Book.

Syn.
 -- Literature; erudition; lore; scholarship; science; letters. See
Literature.

LEASABLE
Leas"a*ble, a. Etym: [From 2d Lease.]

Defn: Such as can be leased.

LEASE
Lease, v. i. Etym: [AS. lesan to gather; akin to D. lezen to gather,
read, G. lesen, Goth. lisan to gather; cf. Lith lesti to peck.]

Defn: To gather what harvesters have left behind; to glean. [Obs.]
Dryden.

LEASE
Lease, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Leased; p. pr. & vb. n. Leasing.] Etym:
[F.laisser, OF. laissier, lessier, to leave, transmit, L. laxare to
loose, slacken, from laxus loose, wide. See Lax, and cf. Lesser.]

1. To grant to another by lease the possession of, as of lands,
tenements, and hereditaments; to let; to demise; as, a landowner
leases a farm to a tenant; -- sometimes with out.
There were some [houses] that were leased out for three lives.
Addison.

2. To hold under a lease; to take lease of; as, a tenant leases his
land from the owner.

LEASE
Lease, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. lais. See Lease, v. t.]

1. A demise or letting of lands, tenements, or hereditaments to
another for life, for a term of years, or at will, or for any less
interest than that which the lessor has in the property, usually for
a specified rent or compensation.

2. The contract for such letting.

3. Any tenure by grant or permission; the time for which such a
tenure holds good; allotted time.
Our high-placed Macbeth Shall live the lease of nature. Shak.
Lease and release a mode of conveyance of freehold estates, formerly
common in England and in New York. its place is now supplied by a
simple deed of grant. Burrill. Warren's Blackstone.

LEASEHOLD
Lease"hold`, a.

Defn: Held by lease.

LEASEHOLD
Lease"hold`, n.

Defn: A tenure by lease; specifically, land held as personalty under
a lease for years.

LEASEHOLDER
Lease"hold`er, n.

Defn: A tenant under a lease.
 -- Lease"hold`ing, a. & n.

LEASER
Leas"er, n. Etym: [From 1st Lease.]

Defn: One who leases or gleans. [Obs.] Swift.

LEASER
Leas"er, n.

Defn: A liar. [Obs.] See Leasing.

LEASH
Leash, n. Etym: [OE. lese, lees, leece, OF. lesse, F. laisse,
LL.laxa, fr. L. laxus loose. See Lax.]

1. A thong of leather, or a long cord, by which a falconer holds his
hawk, or a courser his dog.
Even like a fawning greyhound in the leash. Shak.

2. (Sporting)

Defn: A brace and a half; a tierce; three; three creatures of any
kind, especially greyhounds, foxes, bucks, and hares; hence, the
number three in general.
[I] kept my chamber a leash of days. B. Jonson.
Then were I wealthier than a leash of kings. Tennyson.

3. (Weaving)

Defn: A string with a loop at the end for lifting warp threads, in a
loom.

LEASH
Leash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Leashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Leashing.]

Defn: To tie together, or hold, with a leash.

LEASING
Leas"ing, n. Etym: [AS. leásung, fr. leás loose, false, deceitful.
See -less, Loose, a.]

Defn: The act of lying; falsehood; a lie or lies. [Archaic] Spenser.
Thou shalt destroy them that speak leasing. Ps. v. 6.
Blessed be the lips that such a leasing told. Fairfax.
Leasing making (Scots Law), the uttering of lies or libels upon the
personal character of the sovereign, his court, or his family. Bp.
Burnet.

LEASOW
Lea"sow, n. Etym: [AS. lesu, læsu.]

Defn: A pasture. [Obs.]

LEAST
Least, a. Etym: [OE. last, lest, AS. l, l, superl. of l less. See
Less, a.] [Used as the superlative of little.]

Defn: Smallest, either in size or degree; shortest; lowest; most
unimportant; as, the least insect; the least mercy; the least space.

Note: Least is often used with the, as if a noun.
I am the least of the apostles. 1 Cor. xv. 9.
At least, or At the least, at the least estimate, consideration,
chance, etc.; hence, at any rate; at all events; even. See However.
He who tempts, though in vain, at least asperses The tempted with
dishonor. Milton.
Upon the mast they saw a young man, at least if he were a man, who
sat as on horseback. Sir P. Sidney.
-- In least, or In the least, in the least degree, manner, etc. "He
that is unjust in the least is unjust also in much." Luke xvi. 10.
 -- Least squares (Math.), a method of deducing from a number of
carefully made yet slightly discordant observations of a phenomenon
the most probable values of the unknown quantities.

Note: It takes as its fundamental principle that the most probable
values are those which make the sum of the squares of the residual
errors of the observation a minimum.

LEAST
Least, adv.

Defn: In the smallest or lowest degree; in a degree below all others;
as, to reward those who least deserve it.

LEAST
Least, conj.

Defn: See Lest, conj. [Obs.] Spenser.

LEASTWAYS; LEASTWISE
Least"ways`, Least"wise`, adv.

Defn: At least; at all events. [Colloq.] At leastways, or At
leastwise, at least. [Obs.] Fuller.

LEASY
Lea"sy, a. Etym: [AS. leás void, loose, false. Cf. Leasing.]

Defn: Flimsy; vague; deceptive. [Obs.] Ascham.

LEAT
Leat, n. Etym: [Cf. Lead to conduct.]

Defn: An artificial water trench, esp. one to or from a mill. C.
Kingsley.

LEATHER
Leath"er, n. Etym: [OE. lether, AS. le; akin to D. leder, leêr, G.
leder, OHG. ledar, Icel. le, Sw. läder, Dan. læder.]

1. The skin of an animal, or some part of such skin, tanned, tawed,
or otherwise dressed for use; also, dressed hides, collectively.

2. The skin. [Ironical or Sportive]

Note: Leather is much used adjectively in the sense of made of,
relating to, or like, leather. Leather board, an imitation of sole
leather, made of leather scraps, rags, paper, etc.
 -- Leather carp (Zoöl.) , a variety of carp in which the scales are
all, or nearly all, absent. See Illust. under Carp.
 -- Leather jacket. (Zoöl.) (a) A California carangoid fish
(Oligoplites saurus). (b) A trigger fish (Balistes Carolinensis).
 -- Leather flower (Bot.), a climbing plant (Clematis Viorna) of the
Middle and Southern States having thick, leathery sepals of a
purplish color.
 -- Leather leaf (Bot.), a low shrub (Cassandra calyculata), growing
in Northern swamps, and having evergreen, coriaceous, scurfy leaves.
 -- Leather plant (Bot.), one or more New Zealand plants of the
composite genus Celmisia, which have white or buff tomentose leaves.
 -- Leather turtle. (Zoöl.) See Leatherback.
 -- Vegetable leather. (a) An imitation of leather made of cotton
waste. (b) Linen cloth coated with India rubber. Ure.

LEATHER
Leath"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Leathered; p. pr. & vb. n. Leathering.]

Defn: To beat, as with a thong of leather. [Obs. or Colloq.] G.
Eliot.

LEATHERBACK
Leath"er*back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large sea turtle (Sphargis coriacea), having no bony shell on
its back. It is common in the warm and temperate parts of the
Atlantic, and sometimes weighs over a thousand pounds; -- called also
leather turtle, leathery turtle, leather-backed tortoise, etc.

LEATHERET; LEATHERETTE
Leath"er*et, Leath`er*ette", n. Etym: [Leather + et, F. -ette.]

Defn: An imitation of leather, made of paper and cloth.

LEATHERHEAD
Leath"er*head`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The friar bird.

LEATHERN
Leath"ern, a.

Defn: Made of leather; consisting of. leather; as, a leathern purse.
"A leathern girdle about his loins." Matt. iii. 4.

LEATHERNECK
Leath"er*neck`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sordid friar bird of Australia (Tropidorhynchus sordidus).

LEATHERWOOD
Leath"er*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small branching shrub (Dirca palustris), with a white, soft
wood, and a tough, leathery bark, common in damp woods in the
Northern United States; -- called also moosewood, and wicopy. Gray.

LEATHERY
Leath"er*y, a.

Defn: Resembling leather in appearance or consistence; tough. "A
leathery skin." Grew.

LEAVE
Leave, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Leaved; p. pr. & vb. n. Leaving]

Defn: To send out leaves; to leaf; -- often with out. G. Fletcher.

LEAVE
Leave, v. t. Etym: [See Levy.]

Defn: To raise; to levy. [Obs.]
An army strong she leaved. Spenser.

LEAVE
Leave, n. Etym: [OE. leve, leave, AS. leáf; akin to leóf pleasing,
dear, E. lief, D. oorlof leave, G. arlaub, and erlauben to permit,
Icel. leyfi. Lief.]

1. Liberty granted by which restraint or illegality is removed;
permission; allowance; license.
David earnestly asked leave of me. 1 Sam. xx. 6.
No friend has leave to bear away the dead. Dryden.

2. The act of leaving or departing; a formal parting; a leaving;
farewell; adieu; -- used chiefly in the phrase, to take leave, i. e.,
literally, to take permission to go.
A double blessing is a'double grace; Occasion smiles upon a second
leave. Shak.
And Paul after this tarried there yet a good while, and then took his
leave of the brethren. Acts xviii. 18.
French leave. See under French.

Syn.
 -- See Liberty.

LEAVE
Leave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Left; p. pr. & vb. n. Leaving.] Etym: [OE.
leven, AS. l, fr. laf remnant, heritage; akin to lifian, libban, to
live, orig., to remain; cf. belifan to remain, G. bleiben, Goth.
bileiban. Live, v.]

1. To withdraw one's self from; to go away from; to depart from; as,
to leave the house.
Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall
cleave unto his wife. Gen. ii. 24.

2. To let remain unremoved or undone; to let stay or continue, in
distinction from what is removed or changed.
If grape gatherers come to thee, would they not leave some gleaning
grapes Jer. xlix. 9.
These ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone. Matt.
xxiii. 23.
Besides it leaveth a suspicion, as if more might be said than is
expressed. Bacon.

3. To cease from; to desist from; to abstain from.
Now leave complaining and begin your tea. Pope.

4. To desert; to abandon; to forsake; hence, to give up; to
relinquish.
Lo, we have left all, and have followed thee. Mark x. 28.
The heresies that men do leave. Shak.

5. To let be or do without interference; as, I left him to his
reflections; I leave my hearers to judge.
I will leave you now to your gossiplike humor. Shak.

6. To put; to place; to deposit; to deliver; to commit; to submit --
with a sense of withdrawing one's self from; as, leave your hat in
the hall; we left our cards; to leave the matter to arbitrators.
Leave there thy gift before the altar and go thy way. Matt. v. 24.
The foot That leaves the print of blood where'er it walks. Shak.

7. To have remaining at death; hence, to bequeath; as, he left a
large estate; he left a good name; he left a legacy to his niece. To
leave alone. (a) To leave in solitude. (b) To desist or refrain from
having to do with; as, to leave dangerous chemicals alone.
 -- To leave off. (a) To desist from; to forbear; to stop; as, to
leave off work at six o'clock. (b) To cease wearing or using; to omit
to put in the usual position; as, to leave off a garment; to leave
off the tablecloth. (c) To forsake; as, to leave off a bad habit.
 -- To leave out, to omit; as, to leave out a word or name in
writing.
 -- To leave to one's self, to let (one) be alone; to cease caring
for (one).

Syn. - To quit; depart from; forsake; abandon; relinquish; deliver;
bequeath; give up; forego; resign; surrender; forbear. See Quit.

LEAVE
Leave, v. i.

1. To depart; to set out. [Colloq.]
By the time I left for Scotland. Carlyle.

2. To cease; to desist; to leave off. "He . . . began at the eldest,
and left at the youngest." Gen. xliv. 12. To leave off, to cease; to
desist; to stop.
Leave off, and for another summons wait. Roscommon.

LEAVED
Leaved, a. Etym: [From Leaf.]

Defn: Bearing, or having, a leaf or leaves; having folds; -- used in
combination; as, a four-leaved clover; a two-leaved gate; long-
leaved.

LEAVELESS
Leave"less, a.

Defn: Leafless. [Obs.] Carew.

LEAVEN
Leav"en, n. Etym: [OE. levain, levein, F. levain, L. levamen
alleviation, mitigation; but taken in the sense of, a raising, that
which raises, fr. levare to raise. See Lever, n.]

1. Any substance that produces, or is designed to produce,
fermentation, as in dough or liquids; esp., a portion of fermenting
dough, which, mixed with a larger quantity of dough, produces a
general change in the mass, and renders it light; yeast; barm.

2. Anything which makes a general assimilating (especially a
corrupting) change in the mass.
Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy. Luke xii.
1.

LEAVEN
Leav"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Leavened; p. pr. & vb. n. Leavening.]

1. To make light by the action of leaven; to cause to ferment.
A little leaven leaveneth the whole lump. 1 Cor. v. 6.

2. To imbue; to infect; to vitiate.
With these and the like deceivable doctrines, he leavens also his
prayer. Milton.

LEAVENING
Leav"en*ing, n.

1. The act of making light, or causing to ferment, by means of
leaven.

2. That which leavens or makes light. Bacon.

LEAVENOUS
Leav"en*ous, a.

Defn: Containing leaven. Milton.

LEAVER
Leav"er, n.

Defn: One who leaves, or withdraws.

LEAVES
Leaves, n.,

Defn: pl. of Leaf.

LEAVE-TAKING
Leave"-tak`ing, n.

Defn: Taking of leave; parting compliments. Shak.

LEAVINESS
Leav"i*ness, n. Etym: [Fr. Leaf.]

Defn: Leafiness.[Obs.]

LEAVINGS
Leav"ings, n. pl.

1. Things left; remnants; relics.

2. Refuse; offal.

LEAVY
Leav"y, a.

Defn: Leafy. [Obs.] Chapman.

LEBAN; LEBBAN
Leb"an, Leb"ban, n.

Defn: Coagulated sour milk diluted with water; -- a common beverage
among the Arabs. Also, a fermented liquor made of the same.

LECAMA
Le*ca"ma, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hartbeest.

LECANOMANCY
Le*can"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: divination practiced with water in a basin, by throwing three
stones into it, and invoking the demon whose aid was sought.

LECANORIC
Lec`a*no"ric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid which is
obtained from several varieties of lichen (Lecanora, Roccella, etc.),
as a white, crystalline substance, and is called also orsellic, or
diorsellinic acid, lecanorin, etc.

LECANORIN
Lec`a*no"rin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Lecanoric.

LECH
Lech, v. t. Etym: [F. lécher. See Lick.]

Defn: To lick. [Obs.]

LECHE
Le*che", n.

Defn: See water buck, under 3d Buck.

LECHER
Lech"er, n. Etym: [OE.lechur, lechour, OF.lecheor, lecheur, gormand,
glutton, libertine, parasite, fr. lechier to lick, F. lécher; of
Teutonic origin. See Lick.]

Defn: A man given to lewdness; one addicted, in an excessive degree,
to the indulgence of sexual desire, or to illicit commerce with
women.

LECHER
Lech"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lechered; p. pr. & vb. n. Lechering.]

Defn: To practice lewdness.

LECHERER
Lech"er*er, n.

Defn: See Lecher, n. Marston.

LECHEROUS
Lech"er*ous, a.

Defn: Like a lecher; addicted to lewdness; lustful; also, lust-
provoking. "A lecherous thing is wine." Chaucer.
 -- Lech"er*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Lech"er*ous*ness, n.

LECHERY
Lech"er*y, n. Etym: [OE. lecherie, OF. lecherie. See Lecher.]

1. Free indulgence of lust; lewdness.

2. Selfish pleasure; delight. [Obs.] Massinger.

LECITHIN
Lec"i*thin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A complex, nitrogenous phosphorized substance widely
distributed through the animal body, and especially conspicuous in
the brain and nerve tissue, in yolk of eggs, and in the white blood
corpuscles.

LECTERN
lec"tern, n.

Defn: See Lecturn.

LECTICA
Lec*ti"ca, n.; pl. Lecticæ. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A kind of litter or portable couch.

LECTION
Lec"tion, n. Etym: [L. lectio, fr. legere, lectum, to read. See
lesson, Legend.]

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: A lesson or selection, esp. of Scripture, read in divine
service.

2. A reading; a variation in the text.
We ourselves are offended by the obtrusion of the new lections into
the text. De Quincey.

LECTIONARY
Lec"tion*a*ry, n.; pl. -ries. Etym: [LL. lectionarium, lectionarius :
cf. F. lectionnaire.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A book, or a list, of lections, for reading in divine service.

LECTOR
Lec"tor, n. Etym: [L. See Lection.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A reader of lections; formerly, a person designated to read
lessons to the illiterate.

LECTUAL
Lec"tu*al, a. Etym: [LL. lectualis, fr. L. lectus bed.] (Med.)

Defn: Confining to the bed; as, a lectual disease.

LECTURE
Lec"ture, n. Etym: [F. lecture, LL. lectura, fr. L. legere, lectum,
to read. See Legend.]

1. The act of reading; as, the lecture of Holy Scripture. [Obs.]

2. A discourse on any subject; especially, a formal or methodical
discourse, intended for instruction; sometimes, a familiar discourse,
in contrast with a sermon.

3. A reprimand or formal reproof from one having authority.

4. (Eng. Universities)

Defn: A rehearsal of a lesson.

LECTURE
Lec"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lectured; p. pr. & vb. n. Lecturing.]

1. To read or deliver a lecture to.

2. To reprove formally and with authority.

LECTURE
Lec"ture, v. i.

Defn: To deliver a lecture or lectures.

LECTURER
Lec"tur*er, n.

Defn: One who lectures; an assistant preacher.

LECTURESHIP
Lec"ture*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a lecturer.

LECTURN
Lec"turn, n. Etym: [LL. lectrinum, fr. lectrum; cf. L. legere,
lectum, to read.]

Defn: A choir desk, or reading desk, in some churches, from which the
lections, or Scripture lessons, are chanted or read; hence, a reading
desk. [Written also lectern and lettern]. Fairholt.

LECYTHIS
Lec"y*this, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. 3 an oil flask.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of gigantic trees, chiefly Brazilian, of the order
Myrtaceæ, having woody capsules opening by an apical lid. Lecythis
Zabucajo yields the delicious sapucaia nuts. L. Ollaria produces the
monkey-pots, its capsules. Its bark separates into thin sheets, like
paper, used by the natives for cigarette wrappers.

LED
Led, imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Lead. Led captain. An obsequious follower or attendant.
[Obs.] Swift.
 -- Led horse, a sumpter horse, or a spare horse, that is led along.

LEDEN; LEDDEN
Led"en, Led"den n. Etym: [AS. l, l, language, speech. Cf. Leod.]

Defn: Language; speech; voice; cry. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

LEDGE
Ledge, n. Etym: [Akin to AS. licgan to lie, Icel. liggja; cf. Icel.
lögg the ledge or rim at the bottom of a cask. See Lie to be
prostrate.] [Formerly written lidge.]

1. A shelf on which articles may be laid; also, that which resembles
such a shelf in form or use, as a projecting ridge or part, or a
molding or edge in joinery.

2. A shelf, ridge, or reef, of rocks.

3. A layer or stratum.
The lowest ledge or row should be of stone. Sir H. Wotton.

4. (Mining)

Defn: A lode; a limited mass of rock bearing valuable mineral.

5. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A piece of timber to support the deck, placed athwartship
between beams.

LEDGEMENT
Ledge"ment, n.

Defn: See Ledgment.

LEDGER
Ledg"er, n. Etym: [Akin to D. legger layer, daybook (fr. leggen to
lay, liggen to lie), E. ledge, lie. See Lie to be prostrate.]

1. A book in which a summary of accounts is laid up or preserved; the
final book of record in business transactions, in which all debits
and credits from the journal, etc., are placed under appropriate
heads. [Written also leger.]

2. (Arch.)
(a) A large flat stone, esp. one laid over a tomb. Oxf. Gloss.
(b) A horizontal piece of timber secured to the uprights and
supporting floor timbers, a staircase, scaffolding, or the like. It
differs from an intertie in being intended to carry weight. [Written
also ligger.] Ledger bait, fishing bait attached to a floating line
fastened to the bank of a stream, pond, etc. Walton. J. H. Walsh.
 -- Ledger line. See Leger line, under 3d Leger, a.
 -- Ledger wall (Mining), the wall under a vein; the foot wall.
Raymond.

LEDGMENT
Ledg"ment, n. (Arch.)
(a) A string-course or horizontal suit of moldings, such as the base
moldings of a building. Oxf. Gloss.
(b) The development of the surface of a body on a plane, so that the
dimensions of the different sides may be easily ascertained. Gwilt.
[Written also ledgement, legement, and ligement.]

LEDGY
Ledg"y, a.

Defn: Abounding in ledges; consisting of a ledge or reef; as, a ledgy
island.

LEE
Lee, v

Defn: , i, To lie; to speak falsely. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEE
Lee, n.; pl. Lees. Etym: [F. lie, perh. fr. L. levare to lift up,
raise. Cf. Lever.]

Defn: That which settles at the bottom, as, of a cask of liquor (esp.
wine); sediment; dregs; -- used now only in the plural. [Lees occurs
also as a form of the singular.] "The lees of wine." Holland.
A thousand demons lurk within the lee. Young.
The wine of life is drawn, and the mere lees Is left this vault to
brag of. Shak.

LEE
Lee, n. Etym: [OE. lee shelter, Icel. hl, akin to AS. hleó, hleów,
shelter, protection, OS. hlèo, D. lij lee, Sw. lä, Dan. læ.]

1. A sheltered place; esp., a place; protected from the wind by some
object; the side sheltered from the wind; shelter; protection; as,
the lee of a mountain, an island, or a ship.
We lurked under lee. Morte d'Arthure.
Desiring me to take shelter in his lee. Tyndall.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: That part of the hemisphere, as one stands on shipboard, toward
which the wind blows. See Lee, a. By the lee, To bring by the lee.
See under By, and Bring.
 -- Under the lee of, on that side which is sheltered from the wind;
as, to be under the lee of a ship.

LEE
Lee, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the part or side opposite to that against
which the wind blows; -- opposed to weather; as, the lee side or lee
rail of a vessel. Lee gauge. See Gauge, n. (Naut.) -- Lee shore, the
shore on the lee side of a vessel.
 -- Lee tide, a tide running in the same direction that the wind
blows.
 -- On the lee beam, directly to the leeward; in a line at right
angles to the length of the vessel and to the leeward.

LEEANGLE; LIANGLE
Lee"an`gle, Li"an`gle, n. [From native name.]

Defn: A heavy weapon of the Australian aborigines with a sharp-
pointed end, about nine inches in length, projecting at right angles
from the main part.

LEEBOARD
Lee"board`, n.

Defn: A board, or frame of planks, lowered over the side of a vessel
to lessen her leeway when closehauled, by giving her greater draught.

LEECH
Leech, n.

Defn: See 2d Leach.

LEECH
Leech, v. t.

Defn: See Leach, v. t.

LEECH
Leech, n. Etym: [Cf. LG. leik, Icel. lik, Sw. lik boltrope, stliken
the leeches.] (Naut.)

Defn: The border or edge at the side of a sail. [Written also leach.]
Leech line, a line attached to the leech ropes of sails, passing up
through blocks on the yards, to haul the leeches by. Totten.
 -- Leech rope, that part of the boltrope to which the side of a sail
is sewed.

LEECH
Leech, n. Etym: [OE. leche, læche, physician, AS. l; akin to Fries.
l, OHG. lahhi, Icel. læknari, Sw. läkare, Dan. læge, Goth. l, AS.
lacnian to heal, Sw. läka, Dan.læge, Icel. lækna, Goth. l.]

1. physician or surgeon; a professor of the art of healing. [Written
also leach.] [Archaic] Spenser.
Leech, heal thyself. Wyclif (Luke iv. 23).

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous genera and species of annulose worms,
belonging to the order Hirudinea, or Bdelloidea, esp. those species
used in medicine, as Hirudo medicinalis of Europe, and allied
species.

Note: In the mouth of bloodsucking leeches are three convergent,
serrated jaws, moved by strong muscles. By the motion of these jaws a
stellate incision is made in the skin, through which the leech sucks
blood till it is gorged, and then drops off. The stomach has large
pouches on each side to hold the blood. The common large bloodsucking
leech of America (Macrobdella decora) is dark olive above, and red
below, with black spots. Many kinds of leeches are parasitic on
fishes; others feed upon worms and mollusks, and have no jaws for
drawing blood. See Bdelloidea. Hirudinea, and Clepsine.

3. (Surg.)

Defn: A glass tube of peculiar construction, adapted for drawing
blood from a scarified part by means of a vacuum. Horse leech, a less
powerful European leech (Hæmopis vorax), commonly attacking the
membrane that lines the inside of the mouth and nostrils of animals
that drink at pools where it lives.

LEECH
Leech, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Leeched; p. pr. & vb. n. Leeching.]

1. To treat as a surgeon; to doctor; as, to leech wounds. [Archaic]

2. To bleed by the use of leeches.

LEECHCRAFT
Leech"craft`, n.

Defn: The art of healing; skill of a physician. [Archaic] Chaucer.

LEED; LEEDE
Leed, Leede, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A caldron; a copper kettle. [Obs.] "A furnace of a leed."
Chaucer.

LEEF
Leef, a. & adv.

Defn: See Lief. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEEK
Leek, n. Etym: [AS.leác; akin to D. look, G. lauch, OHG. louh, Icel.
laukr, Sw. lök, Dan lög. Cf. Garlic.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Allium (A. Porrum), having broadly linear
succulent leaves rising from a loose oblong cylindrical bulb. The
flavor is stronger than that of the common onion. Wild leek , in
America, a plant (Allium tricoccum) with a cluster of ovoid bulbs and
large oblong elliptical leaves.

LEEME
Leeme, v. & n.

Defn: See Leme. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEEP
Leep, obs. strong imp.

Defn: of Leap. leaped.

LEER
Leer, v. t.

Defn: To learn. [Obs.] See Lere, to learn.

LEER
Leer, a. Etym: [OE. lere; akin to G. leer, OHG. & OS. lari.] [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]

Defn: Empty; destitute; wanting; as:
(a) Empty of contents. "A leer stomach." Gifford.
(b) Destitute of a rider; and hence, led, not ridden; as, a leer
horse. B. Jonson.
(c) Wanting sense or seriousness; trifling; trivolous; as, leer
words.

LEER
Leer, n.

Defn: An oven in which glassware is annealed.

LEER
Leer, n. Etym: [OE.lere cheek, face, look, AS. hleór cheek, face;
akin to OS. hlear, hlior, OD. lier, Icel. hl.]

1. The cheek. [Obs.] Holinshed.

2. complexion; aspect; appearance. [Obs.]
A Rosalind of a better leer than you. Shak.

3. A distorted expression of the face, or an indirect glance of the
eye, conveying a sinister or immodest suggestion.
With jealous leer malign Eyed them askance. Milton.
She gives the leer of invitation. Shak.
Damn with faint praise, assent with civil leer. Pope.

LEER
Leer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Leered; p. pr. & vb. n. Leering.]

Defn: To look with a leer; to look askance with a suggestive
expression, as of hatred, contempt, lust, etc. ; to cast a sidelong
lustful or malign look.
I will leer him as a'comes by. Shak.
The priest, above his book, Leering at his neighbor's wife. Tennyson.

LEER
Leer, v. t.

Defn: To entice with a leer, or leers; as, to leer a man to ruin.
Dryden.

LEERE
Leere, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Tape or braid; an ornament. Halliwell. Leere side, the left
side, as that on which a leere or ornament was worn. B. Jonson.

LEERINGLY
Leer"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a leering manner.

LEES
Lees, n. pl.

Defn: Dregs. See 2d Lee.

LEES
Lees, n.

Defn: A leash. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEESE
Leese, v. t. Etym: [See Lose.]

Defn: To lose. [Obs.]
They would rather leese their friend than their jest. Lord Burleigh.

LEESE
Leese, v. t. Etym: [Cf. f. léser, L.laesus, p. p. of laedere.]

Defn: To hurt. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

LEET
Leet, obs. imp.

Defn: of Let, to allow. Chaucer.

LEET
Leet n. Etym: [Cf. AS. hl share, lot.]

Defn: A portion; a list, esp. a list of candidates for an office.
[Scot.]

LEET
Leet, n. Etym: [LL.leta. Cf. F. lit de justice a solemn sitting of
the king in Parliament, L. lis, litis, a lawsuit, It., Sp., & Pg.
lite.] (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: A court-leet; the district within the jurisdiction of a court-
leet; the day on which a court-leet is held. Shak.

Note: The original intent of the court-leet was to view the
frankpledges or freemen within the liberty; hence called the view of
frankpledge. Latterly it has fallen into almost entire disuse.
Burrill. Warren's Blackstone. Leet ale, a feast or merrymaking in
time of leet. [Obs.]

LEET
Leet, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European pollock.

LEETMAN
Leet"man, n.; pl. Leetmen (.

Defn: One subject to the jurisdiction of a court-leet.

LEEWARD
Lee"ward, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or in the direction of, the part or side toward
which the wind blows; -- opposed to windward; as, a leeward berth; a
leeward ship.
 -- n.

Defn: The lee side; the lee.
 -- adv.

Defn: Toward the lee.

LEEWAY
Lee"way`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The lateral movement of a ship to the leeward of her course;
drift.

LEFT
Left, imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Leave.

LEFT
Left, a. Etym: [OE. left, lift, luft; akin to Fries. leeft, OD.lucht,
luft; cf. AS.left (equiv. to L. inanis), lyftadl palsy; or cf. AS.l
weak.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to that side of the body in man on which the
muscular action of the limbs is usually weaker than on the other
side; -- opposed to right, when used in reference to a part of the
body; as, the left ear. Also said of the corresponding side of the
lower animals. Left bank of a river, that which is on the left hand
of a person whose face is turned downstream.
 -- Left bower. See under 2d Bower.
 -- Left center, the members whose sympathies are, in the main, with
the members of the Left, but who do not favor extreme courses, and on
occasions vote with the government. They sit between the Center and
the extreme Left.
 -- Over the left shoulder, or Over the left, an old but still
current colloquialism, or slang expression, used as an aside to
indicate insincerity, negation, or disbelief; as, he said it, and it
is true, -- over the left.

LEFT
Left, n.

1. that part of surrounding space toward which the left side of one's
body is turned; as, the house is on the left when you face North.
Put that rose a little more to the left. Ld. Lytton.

2. those members of a legislative assembly (as in France) who are in
the opposition; the advanced republicans and extreme radicals. They
have their seats at the left-hand side of the presiding officer. See
Center, and Right.

LEFT-HAND
Left"-hand`, a.

Defn: Situated on the left; nearer the left hand than the right; as,
the left-hand side; the left-hand road. Left-hand rope, rope laid up
and twisted over from right to left, or against the sun; -- called
also water-laid rope.

LEFT-HANDED
Left"-hand`ed, a.

1. Having the left hand or arm stronger and more dexterous than the
right; using the left hand and arm with more dexterity than the
right.

2. Clumsy; awkward; unlucky; insincere; sinister; malicious; as, a
left-handed compliment.
The commendations of this people are not always left-handed and
detractive. Landor.

3. Having a direction contrary to that of the hands of a watch when
seen in front; -- said of a twist, a rotary motion, etc., looked at
from a given direction. Left-handed marriage, a morganatic marriage.
See Morganatic.
 -- Left-handed screw, a screw constructed to advance away from the
observer, when turned, as in a nut, with a left-handed rotation. An
ordinary wood screw is right-handed.

LEFT-HANDEDNESS; LEFT-HANDINESS
Left"-hand`ed*ness, Left"-hand`i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being left-handed; awkwardness.
An awkward address, ungraceful attitudes and actions, and a certain
left-handiness (if I may use the expression) proclaim low education.
Chesterfield.

LEFT-OFF
Left"-off", a.

Defn: Laid a side; cast-off.

LEFTWARD
Left"ward, adv.

Defn: Toward or on the left side.
Rightward and leftward rise the rocks. Southey.

LEFUL
Le"ful, a.

Defn: See Leveful. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEG
Leg, n. Etym: [Icel. leggr; akin to Dan. læg calf of the leg, Sw.
lägg.]

1. A limb or member of an animal used for supporting the body, and in
running, climbing, and swimming; esp., that part of the limb between
the knee and foot.

2. That which resembles a leg in form or use; especially, any long
and slender support on which any object rests; as, the leg of a
table; the leg of pair of compasses or dividers.

3. The part of any article of clothing which covers the leg; as, the
leg of a stocking or of a pair of trousers.

4. A bow, esp. in the phrase to make a leg; probably from drawing the
leg backward in bowing. [Obs.]
He that will give a cap and make a leg in thanks for a favor he never
received. Fuller.

5. A disreputable sporting character; a blackleg. [Slang, Eng.]

6. (Naut.)

Defn: The course and distance made by a vessel on one tack or between
tacks.

7. (Steam Boiler)

Defn: An extension of the boiler downward, in the form of a narrow
space between vertical plates, sometimes nearly surrounding the
furnace and ash pit, and serving to support the boiler; -- called
also water leg.

8. (Grain Elevator)

Defn: The case containing the lower part of the belt which carries
the buckets.

9. (Cricket)

Defn: A fielder whose position is on the outside, a little in rear of
the batter. A good leg (Naut.), a course sailed on a tack which is
near the desired course.
 -- Leg bail, escape from custody by flight. [Slang] -- Legs of an
hyperbola (or other curve) (Geom.), the branches of the curve which
extend outward indefinitely.
 -- Legs of a triangle, the sides of a triangle; -- a name seldom
used unless one of the sides is first distinguished by some
appropriate term; as, the hypothenuse and two legs of a right-angled
triangle. On one's legs, standing to speak.
 -- One's last legs. See under Last.
 -- To have legs (Naut.), to have speed.
 -- To stand on one's own legs, to support one's self; to be
independent.

LEG
Leg, v. t.

Defn: To use as a leg, with it as object: (a) To bow. [Obs.] (b) To
run [Low]

LEGACY
Leg"a*cy, n.; pl.Legacies. Etym: [L. (assumed) legatia, for legatum,
from legare to appoint by last will, to bequeath as a legacy, to
depute: cf. OF. legat legacy. See Legate.]

1. A gift of property by will, esp. of money or personal property; a
bequest. Also Fig.; as, a legacy of dishonor or disease.

2. A business with which one is intrusted by another; a commission; -
- obsolete, except in the phrases last legacy, dying legacy, and the
like.
My legacy and message wherefore I am sent into the world. Tyndale.
He came and told his legacy. Chapman.
Legacy duty, a tax paid to government on legacies. Wharton.
 -- Legacy hunter, one who flatters and courts any one for the sake
of a legacy.

LEGAL
Le"gal, a. Etym: [L. legalis, fr. lex, legis, law; prob. orig., that
which lies or is fixed (cf. L. lectus bed), and if so akin to E. lie,
law: cf. F. légal. Cf. Lie to be prostrate, Loyal, Leal.]

1. Created by, permitted by, in conformity with, or relating to, law;
as, a legal obligation; a legal standard or test; a legal procedure;
a legal claim; a legal trade; anything is legal which the laws do not
forbid.

2. (Theol.)
(a) According to the law of works, as distinguished from free grace;
or resting on works for salvation.
(b) According to the old or Mosaic dispensation; in accordance with
the law of Moses

3. (Law)

Defn: Governed by the rules of law as distinguished from the rules of
equity; as, legal estate; legal assets. Bouvier. Burrill. Legal cap.
See under Cap.
 -- Legal tender. (a) The act of tendering in the performance of a
contract or satisfaction of a claim that which the law prescribes or
permits, and at such time and place as the law prescribes or permits.
(b) That currency, or money, which the law authorizes a debtor to
tender and requires a creditor to receive. It differs in different
countries.

Syn.
 -- Lawful; constitutional; legitimate; licit; authorized. See
Lawful.

LEGALISM
Le"gal*ism, n.

Defn: Strictness, or the doctrine of strictness, in conforming to
law.

LEGALIST
Le"gal*ist, n.

Defn: One who practices or advocates strict conformity to law; in
theology, one who holds to the law of works. See Legal, 2 (a).

LEGALITY
Le*gal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. legalitas, F. légalité. Cf. Loyalty.]

1. The state or quality of being letter of the law.

LEGALIZATION
Le`gal*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of making legal.

LEGALIZE
Le"gal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Legalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Legalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. légaliser.]

1. To make legal.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: To interpret or apply in a legal spirit.

LEGALLY
Le"gal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a legal manner.

LEGANTINE
Le*gan"tine, a. [Obs.]

Defn: See Legatine.

LEGATARY
Leg"a*ta*ry, n. Etym: [L. legatarius, fr. legaturius enjoined by a
last will: cf. F. légataire. See Legacy.]

Defn: A legatee. [R.] Ayliffe.

LEGATE
Leg"ate, n. Etym: [OE. legal, L. legatus, fr. legare to sent with a
commission or charge, to depute, fr. lex, legis, law: cf. F. légat,
It. legato. See Legal.]

1. An ambassador or envoy.

2. An ecclesiastic representing the pope and invested with the
authority of the Holy See.

Note: Legates are of three kinds: (a) Legates a latere, now always
cardinals. They are called ordinary or extraordinary legates, the
former governing provinces, and the latter class being sent to
foreign countries on extraordinary occasions. (b) Legati missi, who
correspond to the ambassadors of temporal governments. (c) Legati
nati, or legates by virtue of their office, as the archbishops of
Salzburg and Prague.

3. (Rom. Hist.)
(a) An official assistant given to a general or to the governor of a
province.
(b) Under the emperors, a governor sent to a province.

LEGATEE
Leg`a*tee", n. Etym: [See Legacy.] (Law)

Defn: One to whom a legacy is bequeathed.

LEGATESHIP
Leg"ate*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a legate.

LEGATINE
Leg"a*tine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a legate; as, legatine power. Holinshed.

2. Made by, proceeding from, or under the sanction of, a legate; as,
a legatine constitution. Ayliffe.

LEGATION
Le*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. legatio: cf. F. légation, It. legazione. See
Legate.]

1. The sending forth or commissioning one person to act for another.
"The Divine legation of Moses." Bp. Warburton.

2. A legate, or envoy, and the persons associated with him in his
mission; an embassy; or, in stricter usage, a diplomatic minister and
his suite; a deputation.

3. The place of business or official residence of a diplomatic
minister at a foreign court or seat of government.

4. A district under the jurisdiction of a legate.

LEGATO
Le*ga"to, a. Etym: [It., tied, joined, fr. legare to tie, bind, L.
ligare.] (Mus.)

Defn: Connected; tied; -- a term used when successive tones are to be
produced in a closely connected, smoothly gliding manner. It is often
indicated by a tie, thus staccato.

LEGATOR
Leg`a*tor", n. Etym: [L., fr. legare: cf. OF. legateur. See Legacy.]
(Law)

Defn: A testator; one who bequeaths a legacy. Dryden.

LEGATURA
Le`ga*tu"ra, n. Etym: [It. See Ligature.] (Mus.)

Defn: A tie or brace; a syncopation.

LEGATURE
Leg"a*ture, n.

Defn: Legateship. [Obs.]

LEG BRIDGE
Leg bridge.

Defn: A type of bridge for small spans in which the floor girders are
rigidly secured at their extremities to supporting steel legs, driven
into the round as piling, or resting on mudsills.

LEGE
Lege, v. t. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. allege to assert.]

Defn: To allege; to assert. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher.

LEGEMENT
Lege"ment, n.

Defn: See Ledgment.

LEGEND
Leg"end, n. Etym: [OE. legende, OF. legende, F. légende, LL. legenda,
fr. L. legendus to be read, fr. legere to read, gather; akin to Gr.
Collect, Dialogue, Lesson, Logic.]

1. That which is appointed to be read; especially, a chronicle or
register of the lives of saints, formerly read at matins, and in the
refectories of religious houses.

2. A story respecting saints; especially, one of a marvelous nature.
Addison.

3. Any wonderful story coming down from the past, but not verifiable
by historical record; a myth; a fable.
And in this legend all that glorious deed. Read, whilst you arm you.
Fairfax.

4. An inscription, motto, or title, esp. one surrounding the field in
a medal or coin, or placed upon an heraldic shield or beneath an
engraving or illustration. Golden legend. See under Golden.

LEGEND
Leg"end, v. t.

Defn: To tell or narrate, as a legend. Bp. Hall.

LEGENDARY
Leg"end*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a legend or to legends; consisting of
legends; like a legend; fabulous. "Legendary writers." Bp. Lloyd.
Legendary stories of nurses and old women. Bourne.

LEGENDARY
Leg"end*a*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. legendaire, LL. legendarius.]

1. A book of legends; a tale or parrative.
Read the Countess of Pembroke's "Arcadia," a gallant legendary full
of pleasurable accidents. James I.

2. One who relates legends. Bp. Lavington.

LEGER
Leg"er, n. Etym: [See Ledger.]

1. Anything that lies in a place; that which, or one who, remains in
a place. [Obs.]

2. A minister or ambassador resident at a court or seat of
government. [Written also lieger, leiger.] [Obs.]
Sir Edward Carne, the queen's leger at Rome. Fuller.

3. A ledger.

LEGER
Leg"er, a.

Defn: Lying or remaining in a place; hence, resident; as, leger
ambassador.

LEGER
Leg"er, a. Etym: [F. léger, fr. LL. (assumed) leviarius, fr. L. levis
light in weight. See Levity.]

Defn: Light; slender; slim; trivial. [Obs. except in special
phrases.] Bacon. Leger line (Mus.), a line added above or below the
staff to extend its compass; -- called also added line.

LEGERDEMAIN
Leg`er*de*main", n. Etym: [F. léger light, nimble + de of + main
hand, L. manus. See 3d Leger, and Manual.]

Defn: Sleight of hand; a trick of sleight of hand; hence, any artful
deception or trick.
He of legierdemayne the mysteries did know. Spenser.
The tricks and legerdemain by which men impose upon their own souls.
South.

LEGERDEMAINIST
Leg`er*de*main"ist, n.

Defn: One who practices sleight of hand; a prestidigitator.

LEGERITY
Le*ger"i*ty, n. Etym: [F. légèreté. See 3d Leger.]

Defn: Lightness; nimbleness [Archaic] Shak.

LEGGE
Legge, v. t. Etym: [See Lay, v. t. ]

Defn: To lay. [Obs.]

LEGGE
Legge, v. t. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. alegge.]

Defn: To lighten; to allay. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

LEGGED
Legged, a. Etym: [From Leg.]

Defn: Having (such or so many) legs; -- used in composition; as, a
long-legged man; a two-legged animal.

LEGGIADRO; LEGGIERO
Leg`gi*a"dro, Leg`gi*e"ro, a. & adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Light or graceful; in a light, delicate, and brick style.

LEGGING; LEGGIN
Leg"ging, Leg"gin, n. Etym: [From Leg.]

Defn: A cover for the leg, like a long gaiter.

LEGGING
Leg"ging, a. & vb. n.

Defn: , from Leg, v. t.

LEGGY
Leg"gy (-gy), a.

Defn: Having long legs. Thackeray.

LEGHORN
Leg"horn, n.

Defn: A straw plaiting used for bonnets and hats, made from the straw
of a particular kind of wheat, grown for the purpose in Tuscany,
Italy; -- so called from Leghorn, the place of exportation.

LEGIBILITY
Leg`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being legible; legibleness. Sir. D. Brewster.

LEGIBLE
Leg"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. legibilis, fr. legere to read: cf. OF.
legible. See Legend.]

1. Capable of being read or deciphered; distinct to the eye; plain; -
- used of writing or printing; as, a fair, legible manuscript.
The stone with moss and lichens so overspread, Nothing is legible but
the name alone. Longfellow.

2. Capable of being discovered or understood by apparent marks or
indications; as, the thoughts of men are often legible in their
countenances.

LEGIBLENESS
Leg"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being legible.

LEGIBLY
Leg"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In a legible manner.

LEGIFIC
Le*gif"ic, a. Etym: [L. lex, legis, law + -ficare (in comp.) to make.
See -fy.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to making laws.
Practically, in many cases, authority or legific competence has begun
in bare power. J. Grote.

LEGION
Le"gion, n. Etym: [OE. legioun, OF. legion, F. légion, fr. L. legio,
fr. legere to gather, collect. See Legend.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A body of foot soldiers and cavalry consisting of different
numbers at different periods, -- from about four thousand to about
six thousand men, -- the cavalry being about one tenth.

2. A military force; an army; military bands.

3. A great number; a multitude.
Where one sin has entered,legions will force their way through the
same breach. Rogers.

4. (Taxonomy)

Defn: A group of orders inferior to a class. Legion of honor, an
order instituted by the French government in 1802, when Bonaparte was
First Consul, as a reward for merit, both civil and military.

LEGIONARY
Le"gion*a*ry, a. Etym: [L.legionarius: cf. F. légionnaire.]

Defn: Belonging to a legion; consisting of a legion or legions, or of
an indefinitely great number; as, legionary soldiers; a legionary
force. "The legionary body of error." Sir T. Browne.

LEGIONARY
Le"gion*a*ry, n.; pl. Legionaries (.

Defn: A member of a legion. Milton.

LEGIONED
Le"gioned, a.

Defn: Formed into a legion or legions; legionary. Shelley.

LEGIONRY
Le"gion*ry, n.

Defn: A body of legions; legions, collectively. [R.] Pollok.

LEGISLATE
Leg"is*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Legislated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Legislating.] Etym: [See Legislator.]

Defn: To make or enact a law or laws.
Solon, in legislating for the Athenians, had an idea of a more
perfect constitution than he gave them. Bp. Watson (1805).

LEGISLATION
Leg`is*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. législation, L. legis latio. See
Legislator.]

Defn: The act of legislating; preparation and enactment of laws; the
laws enacted.
Pythagoras joined legislation to his philosophy. Lyttelton.

LEGISLATIVE
Leg"is*la*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. législatij.]

1. Making, or having the power to make, a law or laws; lawmaking; --
distinguished from executive; as, a legislative act; a legislative
body.
The supreme legislative power of England was lodged in the king and
great council, or what was afterwards called the Parliament. Hume.

2. Of or pertaining to the making of laws; suitable to legislation;
as, the transaction of legislative business; the legislative style.

LEGISLATIVELY
Leg"is*la*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a legislative manner.

LEGISLATOR
Leg"is*la`tor, n. Etym: [L. legis lator, prop., a proposer of a law;
lex, legis, law + lator a proposer, bearer, fr. latus, used as p. p.
of ferre to bear: cf. F. législateur. See Legal, and Tolerate.]

Defn: A lawgiver; one who makes laws for a state or community; a
member of a legislative body.
The legislators in ancient and heroical times. Bacon.
Many of the legislators themselves had taken an oath of abjuration of
his Majesty's person and family. E. Phillips.

LEGISLATORIAL
Leg`is*la*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a legislator or legislature.

LEGISLATORSHIP
Leg"is*la`tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a legislator. Halifax.

LEGISLATRESS; LEGISLATRIX
Leg"is*la`tress, Leg"is*la`trix, n.

Defn: A woman who makes laws. Shaftesbury.

LEGISLATURE
Leg"is*la`ture, n. Etym: [Cf. F. législature.]

Defn: The body of persons in a state or kingdom invested with power
to make and repeal laws; a legislative body.
Without the concurrent consent of all three parts of the legislature,
no law is, or can be, made. Sir M. Hale.

Note: The legislature of Great Britain consists of the Lords and
Commons, with the king or queen, whose sanction is necessary to every
bill before it becomes a law. The legislatures of most of the United
States consist of two houses or branches; but the sanction or consent
of the governor is required to give their acts the force of law, or a
concurrence of two thirds of the two houses after he has refused his
sanction and assigned his objections.

LEGIST
Le"gist, n. Etym: [F. légiste, LL. legista, fr. L. lex, legis, law.
See Legal.]

Defn: One skilled in the laws; a writer on law. Milman. J. Morley.

LEGITIM
Le*git"im, n. Etym: [See Legitimate, a.] (Scots Law)

Defn: The portion of movable estate to which the children are
entitled upon the death of the father.

LEGITIMACY
Le*git"i*ma*cy, n. Etym: [See Legitimate, a.]

Defn: The state, or quality, of being legitimate, or in conformity
with law; hence, the condition of having been lawfully begotten, or
born in wedlock.
The doctrine of Divine Right, which has now come back to us, like a
thief from transportation, under the alias of Legitimacy. Macaulay.

LEGITIMATE
Le*git"i*mate, a. Etym: [LL. legitimatus, p. p. of legitimare to
legitimate, fr. L. legitimus legitimate. See Legal.]

1. Accordant with law or with established legal forms and
requirements; lawful; as, legitimate government; legitimate rights;
the legitimate succession to the throne; a legitimate proceeding of
an officer; a legitimate heir.

2. Lawfully begotten; born in wedlock.

3. Authorized; real; genuine; not false, counterfeit, or spurious;
as, legitimate poems of Chaucer; legitimate inscriptions.

4. Conforming to known principles, or accepted rules; as, legitimate
reasoning; a legitimate standard, or method; a legitimate combination
of colors.
Tillotson still keeps his place as a legitimate English classic.
Macaulay.

5. Following by logical sequence; reasonable; as, a legitimate
result; a legitimate inference.

LEGITIMATE
Le*git"i*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Legitimated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Legitimating.]

Defn: To make legitimate, lawful, or valid; esp., to put in the
position or state of a legitimate person before the law, by legal
means; as, to legitimate a bastard child.
To enact a statute of that which he dares not seem to approve, even
to legitimate vice. Milton.

LEGITIMATELY
Le*git"i*mate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a legitimate manner; lawfully; genuinely.

LEGITIMATENESS
Le*git"i*mate*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being legitimate; lawfulness;
genuineness.

LEGITIMATION
Le*git`i*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. légitimation.]

1. The act of making legitimate.
The coining or legitimation of money. East.

2. Lawful birth. [R.] Shak.

LEGITIMATIST
Le*git"i*ma*tist, n.

Defn: See Legitimist.

LEGITIMATIZE
Le*git"i*ma*tize, v. t.

Defn: To legitimate.

LEGITIMISM
Le*git"i*mism, n.

Defn: The principles or plans of legitimists.

LEGITIMIST
Le*git"i*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. légitimiste.]

1. One who supports legitimate authority; esp., one who believes in
hereditary monarchy, as a divine right.

2. Specifically, a supporter of the claims of the elder branch of the
Bourbon dynasty to the crown of France.

LEGITIMIZE
Le*git"i*mize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Legitimized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Legitimizing.]

Defn: To legitimate.

LEGLESS
Leg"less, a.

Defn: Not having a leg.

LEG-OF-MUTTON
Leg"-of-mut"ton, a.

Defn: Having the general shape or outline of a leg of mutton; as, a
leg-of-mutton, or shoulder-of-mutton, sail.

LEGO-LITERARY
Le"go-lit"er*a*ry, a. Etym: [See Legal, and Literary.]

Defn: Pertaining to the literature of law.

LEGULEIAN
Le`gu*le"ian, a. Etym: [L. leguleius pettifogger, fr. lex, legis,
law.]

Defn: Lawyerlike; legal. [R.] "Leguleian barbarism." De Quincey.
 -- n.

Defn: A lawyer.

LEGUME
Leg"ume, n. Etym: [F. légume, L. legumen, fr. legere to gather. So
called because they may be gathered without cutting. See Legend.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A pod dehiscent into two pieces or valves, and having the seed
attached at one suture, as that of the pea.

Note: In the latter circumstance, it differs from a siliqua, in which
the seeds are attached to both sutures. In popular use, a legume is
called a pod, or cod; as, pea pod, or peas cod.

2. pl.

Defn: The fruit of leguminous plants, as peas, beans, lupines; pulse.

LEGUMEN
Le*gu"men, n.; pl. L. Legumina, E. Legumens. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Same as Legume.

LEGUMIN
Le*gu"min, n. Etym: [Cf. F. légumine.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An albuminous substance resembling casein, found as a
characteristic ingredient of the seeds of leguminous and grain-
bearing plants.

LEGUMINOUS
Le*gu"mi*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. légumineux.]

1. Pertaining to pulse; consisting of pulse.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, a very large natural order of
plants (Leguminosæ), which bear legumes, including peas, beans,
clover, locust trees, acacias, and mimosas.

LEIGER
Lei"ger, n. Etym: [See Leger, and Ledger.]

Defn: See Leger, n., 2. [Obs.] Shak.

LEIOTRICHAN
Lei*ot"ri*chan, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Leiotrichi.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Leiotrichi.

LEIOTRICHI
Lei*ot"ri*chi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anthropol.)

Defn: The division of mankind which embraces the smooth-haired races.

LEIOTRICHOUS
Lei*ot"ri*chous, a. Etym: [See Leiotrichi.] (Anthropol.)

Defn: Having smooth, or nearly smooth, hair.

LEIPOA
Lei*po"a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Australian gallinaceous birds including but a single
species (Leipoa ocellata), about the size of a turkey. Its color is
variegated, drown, black, white, and gray. Called also native
pheasant.

Note: It makes large mounds of sand and vegetable material, in which
its eggs are laid to be hatched by the heat of the decomposing mass.

LEIPOTHYMIC
Lei`po*thym"ic, a.

Defn: See Lipothymic.

LEISTER; LISTER
Leis"ter, Lis"ter, n.

Defn: A spear armed with three or more prongs, for striking fish.
[Scotland]

LEISURABLE
Lei"sur*a*ble, a. Etym: [See Leisure.]

1. Leisurely. [Obs.] Hooker.

2. Vacant of employment; not occupied; idle; leisure; as leisurable
hours. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

LEISURABLY
Lei"sur*a*bly, adv.

Defn: At leisure. [Obs.]

LEISURE
Lei"sure n. Etym: [OE. leisere, leiser, OF.leisir, F. loisir, orig.,
permission, fr. L. licere to be permitted. See License.]

1. Freedom from occupation or business; vacant time; time free from
employment.
The desire of leisure is much more natural than of business and care.
Sir W. Temple.

2. Time at one's command, free from engagement; convenient
opportunity; hence, convenience; ease.
He sighed, and had no leisure more to say. Dryden.
At leisure. (a) Free from occupation; not busy. (b) In a leisurely
manner; at a convenient time.

LEISURE
Lei"sure, a.

Defn: Unemployed; as, leisure hours.

LEISURED
Lei"sured, a.

Defn: Having leisure. "The leisured classes." Gladstone.

LEISURELY
Lei"sure*ly, a.

Defn: Characterized by leisure; taking abundant tome; not hurried;
as, a leisurely manner; a leisurely walk.

LEISURELY
Lei"sure*ly, adv.

Defn: In a leisurely manner. Addison.

LEITMOTIF
Leit"mo*tif", n. Etym: [G.] (Mus.)

Defn: See Leading motive, under Leading, a.

LEMAN
Le"man, n. Etym: [OE. lemman, legman; AS.leóf dear + mann man. See
Lief, and Man.]

Defn: A sweetheart, of either sex; a gallant, or a mistress; --
usually in a bad sense. [Archaic] Chaucer. Spenser. Shak.

LEME
Leme, n. Etym: [OE. leem, leme, leam, AS. leóma light, brightness;
akin to E. light, n. sq. root122.]

Defn: A ray or glimmer of light; a gleam. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEME
Leme, v. i.

Defn: To shine. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

LEMMA
Lem"ma, n.; pl. L. Lemmata, E. Lemmas. Etym: [L. lemma, Gr.
Syllable.]

Defn: A preliminary or auxiliary proposition demonstrated or accepted
for immediate use in the demonstration of some other proposition, as
in mathematics or logic.

LEMMAN
Lem"man, n.

Defn: A leman. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEMMING
Lem"ming, n. Etym: [Nor. lemming, lemende; cf. Sw. lemel, Lapp.
lummik.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small arctic rodents of the
genera Myodes and Cuniculus, resembling the meadow mice in form. They
are found in both hemispheres.

Note: The common Northern European lemming (Myodes lemmus) is
remarkable for making occasional devastating migrations in enormous
numbers from the mountains into the lowlands.

LEMNIAN
Lem"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Lemnius, fr. Lemnus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the isle of Lemnos. Lemnian bole, Lemnian
earth, an aluminous earth of a grayish yellow color; sphragide; --
formerly sold as medicine, having astringent properties.
 -- Lemnian reddle, a reddle of firm consistence and deep red color;
-- used by artificers in coloring.

LEMNISCATA; LEMNISCATE
Lem`nis*ca"ta, Lem*nis"cate, n. Etym: [L. lemniscatus adorned with
ribbons, fr. lemniscus a ribbon having down, Gr. (Geom.)

Defn: A curve in the form of the figure 8, with both parts
symmetrical, generated by the point in which a tangent to an
equilateral hyperbola meets the perpendicular on it drawn from the
center.

LEMNISCUS
Lem*nis"cus, n.; pl. Lemnisci () Etym: [L. See Lemniscata.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of two oval bodies hanging from the interior walls of the
body in the Acanthocephala.

LEMON
Lem"on, n. Etym: [F. limon, Per. lim; cf. Ar.laim, Sp. limon, It.
limone. Cf. Lime a fruit.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An oval or roundish fruit resembling the orange, and containing
a pulp usually intensely acid. It is produced by a tropical tree of
the genus Citrus,the common fruit known in commerce being that of the
species C. Limonum or C. Medica (var. Limonum). There are many
varieties of the fruit, some of which are sweet.

2. The tree which bears lemons; the lemon tree. Lemon grass (Bot.), a
fragrant East Indian grass (Andropogon Shoenanthus, and perhaps other
allied species), which yields the grass oil used in perfumery.
 -- Lemon sole (Zoöl.), a yellow European sole (Solea aurantiaca).
 -- Salts of lemon (Chem.), a white crystalline substance,
inappropriately named, as it consists of an acid potassium oxalate
and contains no citric acid, which is the characteristic acid of
lemon; -- called also salis of sorrel. It is used in removing ink
stains. See Oxalic acid, under Oxalic. [Colloq.]

LEMONADE
Lem`on*ade", n. Etym: [F. limonade; cf. Sp. limonada, It. limonata.
See Lemon.]

Defn: A beverage consisting of lemon juice mixed with water and
sweetened.

LEMUR
Le"mur, n. Etym: [L., a ghost, specter. So called on account of its
habit of going abroad by night.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a family (Lemuridæ) of nocturnal mammals allied to the
monkeys, but of small size, and having a sharp and foxlike muzzle,
and large eyes. They feed upon birds, insects, and fruit, and are
mostly natives of Madagascar and the neighboring islands, one genus
(Galago) occurring in Africa. The slow lemur or kukang of the East
Indies is Nycticebus tardigradus. See Galago, Indris, and Colugo.

LEMURES
Lem"u*res, n. pl. Etym: [L. See Lemur.]

Defn: Spirits or ghosts of the departed; specters.
The Lars and Lemures moan with midnight plaint. Milton.

LEMURIA
Le*mu"ri*a, n. Etym: [So named from the supposition that it was the
original home of the lemurs.]

Defn: A hypothetical land, or continent, supposed by some to have
existed formerly in the Indian Ocean, of which Madagascar is a
remnant. Herschel.

LEMURID
Lem"u*rid, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Lemuroid.

LEMURIDOUS; LEMURINE
Le*mu"ri*dous, Lem"u*rine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Lemuroid.

LEMUROID
Lem"u*roid, a. Etym: [Lemur + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the lemurs or the Lemuroidea.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Lemuroidea.

LEMUROIDEA
Lem`u*roi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Lemur, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of primates, including the lemurs, the aye-aye, and
allied species. [Written also Lemuroida.]

LENA
Le"na, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A procuress. J. Webster.

LENARD RAYS
Le*nard" rays. (Physics.)

Defn: Rays emanating from the outer surface of a plate composed of
any material permeable by cathode rays, as aluminium, which forms a
portion of a wall of a vacuum tube, or which is mounted within the
tube and exposed to radiation from the cathode. Lenard rays are
similar in all their known properties to cathode rays. So called from
the German physicist Philipp Lenard (b. 1862), who first described
them.

LENARD TUBE
Lenard tube. (Elec.)

Defn: A tube for producing Lenard rays.

LEND
Lend, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lent ; p. pr. & vb. n. Lending.] Etym:
[OE.lenen, AS. l, fr. l loan; akin to G. lehnen to lend. See Loan.]

1. To allow the custody and use of, on condition of the return of the
same; to grant the temporary use of; as, to lend a book; -- opposed
to borrow.
Give me that ring. I'll lend it thee, my dear, but have no power To
give it from me. Shak.

2. To allow the possession and use of, on condition of the return of
an equivalent in kind; as, to lend money or some article of food.
Thou shalt not give him thy money upon usury, nor lend him thy
victuals for increase. Levit. xxv. 37.

3. To afford; to grant or furnish in general; as, to lend assistance;
to lend one's name or influence.
Cato, lend me for a while thy patience. Addison.
Mountain lines and distant horizons lend space and largeness to his
compositions. J. A. Symonds.

4. To let for hire or compensation; as, to lend a horse or gig.

Note: This use of the word is rare in the United States, except with
reference to money. To lend a hand, to give assistance; to help.
[Colloq.] -- To lend an ear or one's ears, to give attention.

LENDABLE
Lend"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be lent. Sherwood.

LENDER
Lend"er, n.

Defn: One who lends.
The borrower is servant to the lender. Prov. xxii. 7.

LENDES
Lend"es, n. pl.

Defn: See Lends. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LENDING
Lend"ing, n.

1. The act of one who lends.

2. That which is lent or furnished.

LENDS
Lends, n. pl. Etym: [AS. lend, lenden; akin to D. & G. lende, OHG.
lenti, Icel. lend, and perh to E. loin.]

Defn: Loins. [Obs.] Wyclif.

LENE
Lene, v. i. Etym: [See Lend.]

Defn: To lend; to grant; to permit. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LENE
Le"ne, a. Etym: [L. lenis smooth.] (Phonetics)
(a) Smooth; as, the lene breathing.
(b) Applied to certain mute consonants, as p, k, and t. (or Gr. p, k,
t.). W. E. Jelf.

LENE
Le"ne, n. (Phonetics)
(a) The smooth breathing (spiritus lenis).
(b) Any one of the lene consonants, as p, k, or i (or Gr. p, k, t.).
W. E. Jelf.

LENGER; LENGEST
Leng"er, Leng"est, a.

Defn: Longer; longest; -- obsolete compar. and superl. of long.
Chaucer.

LENGTH
Length, n. Etym: [OE. lengthe, AS. leng, fr. land, long, long; akin
to D. lengte, Dan. længde, Sw. längd, Icel. lengd. See Long, a. ]

1. The longest, or longer, dimension of any object, in distinction
from breadth or width; extent of anything from end to end; the
longest line which can be drawn through a body, parallel to its
sides; as, the length of a church, or of a ship; the length of a rope
or line.

2. A portion of space or of time considered as measured by its
length; -- often in the plural.
Large lengths of seas and shores. Shak.
The future but a length behind the past. Dryden.

3. The quality or state of being long, in space or time; extent;
duration; as, some sea birds are remarkable for the length of their
wings; he was tired by the length of the sermon, and the length of
his walk.

4. A single piece or subdivision of a series, or of a number of long
pieces which may be connected together; as, a length of pipe; a
length of fence.

5. Detail or amplification; unfolding; continuance as, to pursue a
subject to a great length.
May Heaven, great monarch, still augment your bliss. With length of
days and every day like this. Dryden.

6. Distance.[Obs.]
He had marched to the length of Exeter. Clarendon.
At length. (a) At or in the full extent; without abbreviation; as,
let the name be inserted at length. (b) At the end or conclusion;
after a long period. See Syn. of At last, under Last.
 -- At arm's length. See under Arm.

LENGTH
Length, v. i.

Defn: To lengthen. [Obs.] Shak.

LENGTHEN
Length"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lengthenel; p. pr. & vb. n.
Lengthening.]

Defn: To extent in length; to make longer in extent or duration; as,
to lengthen a line or a road; to lengthen life; -- sometimes followed
by out.
What if I please to lengthen out his date. Dryden.

LENGTHEN
Length"en, v. i.

Defn: To become longer. Locke.

LENGTHFUL
Length"ful, a.

Defn: Long. [Obs.] Pope.

LENGTHILY
Length"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lengthy manner; at great length or extent.

LENGTHINESS
Length"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being lengthy; prolixity.

LENGTHWAYS; LENGTHWISE
Length"ways`, Length"wise`, adv.

Defn: In the direction of the length; in a longitudinal direction.

LENGTHY
Length"y, a. [Compar. Lengthier; superl. Lengthiest.]

Defn: Having length; rather long or too long; prolix; not brief; --
said chiefly of discourses, writings, and the like. "Lengthy
periods." Washington. "Some lengthy additions." Byron. "These would
be details too lengthy." Jefferson. "To cut short lengthy
explanations." Trench.

LENIENCE; LENIENCY
Le"ni*ence, Le"ni*en*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being lenient; lenity; clemency.

LENIENT
Le"ni*ent, a. Etym: [L. leniens, -entis, p. pr. of lenire to soften,
fr. lenis soft, mild. Cf. Lithe.]

1. Relaxing; emollient; softening; assuasive; -- some "Lenient of
grief." Milton.
Of relax the fibers, are lenient, balsamic. Arbuthnot.
Time, that on all things lays his lenient hand. Pope.

2. Mild; clement; merciful; not rigorous or severe; as, a lenient
disposition; a lenient judge or sentence.

LENIENT
Le"ni*ent, n. (Med.)

Defn: A lenitive; an emollient.

LENIENTLY
Le"ni*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lenient manner.

LENIFY
Len"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. lenis soft, mild + -fy: cf. F.lénifier.]

Defn: To assuage; to soften; to Bacon. Dryden.

LENIMENT
Len"i*ment, n. Etym: [L. lenimentum: cf. OF. leniment. See Lenient.]

Defn: An assuasive. [Obs.]

LENITIVE
Len"i*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lénitif. See Lenient.]

Defn: Having the quality of softening or mitigating, as pain or
acrimony; assuasive; emollient.

LENITIVE
Len"i*tive, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lénitif.]

1. (Med.)
(a) A medicine or application that has the quality of easing pain or
protecting from the action of irritants.
(b) A mild purgative; a laxative.

2. That which softens or mitigates; that which tends to allay
passion, excitement, or pain; a palliative.
There is one sweet Lenitive at least for evils, which Nature holds
out; so I took it kindly at her hands, and fell asleep. Sterne.

LENITIVENESS
Len"i*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being lenitive.

LENITUDE
Len"i*tude, n. Etym: [L. lenitudo.]

Defn: The quality or habit of being lenient; lenity. [Obs.] Blount.

LENITY
Len"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. lenitas, fr. lenis soft, mild: cf. OF. lenité.
See Lenient.]

Defn: The state or quality of being lenient; mildness of temper or
disposition; gentleness of treatment; softness; tenderness; clemency;
-- opposed to severity and rigor.
His exceeding lenity disposes us to be somewhat too severe. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Gentleness; kindness; tenderness; softness; humanity; clemency;
mercy.

LENNI-LENAPE
Len`ni-Len*a"pe, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A general name for a group of Algonquin tribes which formerly
occupied the coast region of North America from Connecticut to
Virginia. They included the Mohicans, Delawares, Shawnees, and
several other tribes.

LENO
Le"no, n. Etym: [Cf. It. leno weak, flexible.]

Defn: A light open cotton fabric used for window curtains.

LENOCINANT
Le*noc"i*nant, a. Etym: [L. lenocinans, p. pr. of lenocinari to
pander, cajole; akin to leno pimp.]

Defn: Given to lewdness. [Obs.]

LENS
Lens, n.; pl. Lenses (-êz). Etym: [L. lens a lentil. So named from
the resemblance in shape of a double convex lens to the seed of a
lentil. Cf. Lentil.] (Opt.)

Defn: A piece of glass, or other transparent substance, ground with
two opposite regular surfaces, either both curved, or one curved and
the other plane, and commonly used, either singly or combined, in
optical instruments, for changing the direction of rays of light, and
thus magnifying objects, or otherwise modifying vision. In practice,
the curved surfaces are usually spherical, though rarely cylindrical,
or of some other figure. Lenses

Note: Of spherical lenses, there are six varieties, as shown in
section in the figures herewith given: viz., a plano-concave; b
double-concave; c plano-convex; d double-convex; converging concavo-
convex, or converging meniscus; f diverging concavo-convex, or
diverging meniscus. Crossed lens (Opt.), a double-convex lens with
one radius equal to six times the other.
 -- Crystalline lens. (Anat.) See Eye.
 -- Fresnel lens (Opt.), a compound lens formed by placing around a
central convex lens rings of glass so curved as to have the same
focus; used, especially in lighthouses, for concentrating light in a
particular direction; -- so called from the inventor.
 -- Multiplying lens or glass (Opt.), a lens one side of which is
plane and the other convex, but made up of a number of plane faces
inclined to one another, each of which presents a separate image of
the object viewed through it, so that the object is, as it were,
multiplied.
 -- Polyzonal lens. See Polyzonal.

LENT
Lent,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Lend.

LENT
Lent, n. Etym: [OE. lente, lenten, leynte, AS. lengten, lencten,
spring, lent, akin to D. lente, OHG. lenzin, langiz, G. lenz, and
perh. fr. AS. lang long, E. long, because at this season of the year
the days lengthen.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A fast of forty days, beginning with Ash Wednesday and
continuing till Easter, observed by some Christian churches as
commemorative of the fast of our Savior.

LENT
Lent, a. Etym: [L. lentus; akin to lenis soft, mild: cf. F. lent. See
Lenient.]

1. Slow; mild; gentle; as, lenter heats. [Obs.] B.Jonson.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: See Lento.

LENTAMENTE
Len`ta*men"te; adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Slowly; in slow time.

LENTANDO
Len*tan"do, a. Etym: [It., p. pr. of lentare to make slow. See Lent,
a.] (Mus.)

Defn: Slackening; retarding. Same as Rallentando.

LENTEN
Lent"en, n.

Defn: Lent. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

LENTEN
Lent"en, a. Etym: [From OE. lenten lent. See Lent, n. ]

1. Of or pertaining to the fast called Lent; used in, or suitable to,
Lent; as, the Lenten season.
She quenched her fury at the flood. And with a Lenten salad cooled
her blood. Dryden.

2. Spare, meager; plain; somber; unostentatious; not abundant or
showy. "Lenten entertainment." " Lenten answer." Shak. " Lenten
suit." Beau. & Fl.
Lenten color, black or violet. F. G. Lee.

LENTENTIDE
Lent"en*tide`, n.

Defn: The season of Lenten or Lent.

LENTICEL
Len"ti*cel, n. Etym: [F. lenticelle, dim. fr. L. lens, lentis, a
lentil. Cf. Lentil.] (Bot.)
(a) One of the small, oval, rounded spots upon the stem or branch of
a plant, from which the underlying tissues may protrude or roots may
issue, either in the air, or more commonly when the stem or branch is
covered with water or earth.
(b) A small, lens-shaped gland on the under side of some leaves.

LENTICELLATE
Len`ti*cel"late, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Producing lenticels; dotted with lenticels.

LENTICELLE
Len`ti*celle", n. Etym: [F.] (Bot.)

Defn: Lenticel.

LENTICULA
Len*tic"u*la, n.; pl. E. Lenticulas, L. Lenticulæ. Etym: [L. See
Lenticel.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A kind of eruption upon the skin; lentigo; freckle.

2. (Opt.)

Defn: A lens of small size.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A lenticel.

LENTICULAR
Len*tic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. lenticularis: cf. F. lenticulaire. See
Lenticel.]

Defn: Resembling a lentil in size or form; having the form of a
double-convex lens.

LENTICULARLY
Len*tic"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a lens; with a curve.

LENTIFORM
Len"ti*form, a. Etym: [L. lens, lentis, lentil + -form: cf. F.
lentifarme,]

Defn: Lenticular.

LENTIGINOSE
Len*tig"i*nose`, a. Etym: [See Lentiginous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing numerous dots resembling freckles.

LENTIGINOUS
Len*tig"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. lentiginosus. See Lentigo.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to lentigo; freckly; scurfy; furfuraceous.

LENTIGO
Len*ti"go, n. Etym: [L., fr. lens, lentis, lentil.] (Med.)

Defn: A freckly eruption on the skin; freckles.

LENTIL
Len"til, n. Etym: [F. lentille, fr. L. lenticula, dim. of lens,
lentis, lentil. Cf. Lens.] (Bot.)

Defn: A leguminous plant of the genus Ervum (Ervum Lens), of small
size, common in the fields in Europe. Also, its seed, which is used
for food on the continent.

Note: The lentil of the Scriptures probably included several other
vetchlike plants. Lentil shell (Zoöl.), a small bivalve shell of the
genus Ervillia, family Tellinidæ.

LENTISCUS; LENTISK
Len*tis"cus, Len"tisk,, n. Etym: [L. lentiscus, lentiscum: cf. F.
lentisque.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tree; the mastic. See Mastic.

LENTITUDE
Len"ti*tude, n. Etym: [L. lentitudo, fr. lentus slow: cf. OF.
lentitude. See Lent, a.]

Defn: Slowness; sluggishness. [Obs.]

LENT LILY
Lent lily (Bot.),

Defn: the daffodil; -- so named from its blossoming in spring.

LENTO
Len"to, a. & adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Slow; in slow time; slowly; -- rarely written lente.

LENTOID
Len"toid, a. Etym: [Lens + -oid.]

Defn: Having the form of a lens; lens-shaped.

LENTOR
Len"tor, n. Etym: [L. fr. lentus pliant, tough, slow. See Lent, a.]

1. Tenacity; viscidity; viscidity, as of fluids.

2. Slowness; delay; sluggishness. Arbuthnot.

LENTOUS
Len"tous, a. Etym: [L. lentus. See Lentor.]

Defn: Viscid; viscous; tenacious.
Spawn of a lentous and transparent body. Sir T. Browne.

L'ENVOI; L'ENVOY
L'en`voi", or; L'en`voy" (, n. Etym: [F. le the + envei a sending.
See Envoy.]

1. One or more detached verses at the end of a literary composition,
serving to convey the moral, or to address the poem to a particular
person; -- orig. employed in old French poetry. Shak.

2. A conclusion; a result. Massinger.

LEO
Le"o, n. Etym: [L. See Lion.] (Astron.)

1. The Lion, the fifth sign of the zodiac, marked thus

2. A northern constellation east of Cancer, containing the bright
star Regulus at the end of the handle of the Sickle. Leo Minor, a
small constellation between Leo and the Great Bear.

LEOD
Le"od, n. Etym: [AS.leód people, nation, man, chief; akin to OS.
liud, OHG. liut, pl. liuti, G.leute, pl., fr. AS.leódan to grow, akin
to Goth. liudan, OS. liodan, OHG. liotan to grow; cf. Skr. ruh. ]

Defn: People; a nation; a man. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Bp. Gibson.

LEON
Le"on, n.

Defn: A lion. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEONCED
Le"onced, a. (Her.)

Defn: See Lionced.

LEONESE
Le`o*nese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Leon, in Spain.
 -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or natives of Leon.

LEONID
Le"o*nid, n. Etym: [From Leo: cf. F. léonides, pl.] (Astron.)

Defn: One of the shooting stars which constitute the star shower that
recurs near the fourteenth of November at intervals of about thirty-
three years; so called because shooting stars appear on the heavens
to move in lines directed from the constellation Leo.

LEONINE
Le"o*nine, a. Etym: [L. leoninus, fr. leo, leonis, lion: cf. F.
léonin. See Lion.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the lion; as, a leonine
look; leonine repacity.
 -- Le"o*nine*ly, adv. Leonine verse, a kind of verse, in which the
end of the line rhymes with the middle; -- so named from Leo, or
Leoninus, a Benedictine and canon of Paris in the twelfth century,
who wrote largely in this measure, though he was not the inventor.
The following line is an example:
Gloria factorum temere conceditur horum.

LEONTODON
Le*on"to*don, n. Etym: [Gr. Lion's-tooth, Dandelion.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of liguliflorous composite plants, including the fall
dandelion (L. autumnale), and formerly the true dandelion; -- called
also lion's tooth.

LEOPARD
Leop"ard, n. Etym: [OE. leopart, leparde, lebarde, libbard, OF.
leopard, liepart, F. léopard, L. leopardus, fr. Gr. Lion, and Pard.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, savage, carnivorous mammal (Felis leopardus). It is of
a yellow or fawn color, with rings or roselike clusters of black
spots along the back and sides. It is found in Southern Asia and
Africa. By some the panther (Felis pardus) is regarded as a variety
of leopard. Hunting leopard. See Cheetah. Leopard cat (Zoöl.) any one
of several species or varieties of small, spotted cats found in
Africa, Southern Asia, and the East Indies; esp., Felis Bengalensis.
 -- Leopard marmot. See Gopher, 2.

LEOPARD'S BANE
Leop"ard's bane`. (Bot.)

Defn: A name of several harmless plants, as Arnica montana, Senecio
Doronicum, and Paris quadrifolia.

LEOPARDWOOD
Leop"ard*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Letterwood.

LEP
Lep, obs. strong imp.

Defn: of Leap. Leaped. Chaucer.

LEPADITE
Lep"a*dite, n. Etym: [L. lepas, lepadis, limpet, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Lepadoid.

LEPADOID
Lep"a*doid, n. Etym: [Lepas + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stalked barnacle of the genus Lepas, or family Lepadidæ; a
goose barnacle. Also used adjectively.

LEPAL
Lep"al, n. Etym: [Gr. lépale.] (Bot.)

Defn: A sterile transformed stamen.

LEPAS
Le"pas, n. Etym: [L., a limpet, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of various species of Lepas, a genus of pedunculated
barnacles found attached to floating timber, bottoms of ships, Gulf
weed, etc.; -- called also goose barnacle. See Barnacle.

LEPER
Lep"er, n. Etym: [OE. lepre leprosy, F. lèpre, L. leprae, lepra, fr.
Gr.

Defn: A person affected with leprosy.

LEPERED
Lep"ered, a.

Defn: Affected or tainted with leprosy.

LEPERIZE
Lep"er*ize, v. t.

Defn: To affect with leprosy.

LEPEROUS
Lep"er*ous, a.

Defn: Leprous; infectious; corrupting; poisonous. "The leperous
distillment." Shak.

LEPID
Lep"id, a. Etym: [L. lepidus.]

Defn: Pleasant; jocose. [R.]
The joyous and lepid consul. Sydney Smith.

LEPIDINE
Lep"i*dine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An organic base, C9H6.N.CH3, metameric with quinaldine, and
obtained by the distillation of cinchonine.

LEPIDODENDRID
Lep`i*do*den"drid, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: One of an extinct family of trees allied to the modern club
mosses, and including Lepidodendron and its allies.

LEPIDODENDROID
Lep`i*do*den"droid, a. (Paleon.)

Defn: Allied to, or resembling, Lepidodendron.
 -- n.

Defn: A lepidodendrid.

LEPIDODENDRON
Lep`i*do*den"dron, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of fossil trees of the Devonian and Carboniferous ages,
having the exterior marked with scars, mostly in quincunx order,
produced by the separation of the leafstalks.

LEPIDOGANOID
Lep`i*do*ga"noid, n. Etym: [Gr. ganoid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of a division (Lepidoganoidei) of ganoid fishes,
including those that have scales forming a coat of mail. Also used
adjectively.

LEPIDOLITE
Le*pid"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. lépidolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A species of mica, of a lilac or rose-violet color, containing
lithia. It usually occurs in masses consisting of small scales. See
Mica.

LEPIDOMELANE
Lep`i*dom"e*lane, n. Etym: [Fr. (Min.)

Defn: An iron-potash mica, of a raven-black color, usually found in
granitic rocks in small six-sided tables, or as an aggregation of
minute opaque scales. See Mica.

LEPIDOPTER
Lep`i*dop"ter, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lépidoptère.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Lepidoptera.

LEPIDOPTERA
Lep`i*dop"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of insects, which includes the butterflies and moths.
They have broad wings, covered with minute overlapping scales,
usually brightly colored.

Note: They have a tubular proboscis, or haustellum, formed by the two
slender maxillæ. The labial palpi are usually large, and the
proboscis, when not in use, can be coiled up spirally between them.
The mandibles are rudimentary. The larvæ, called caterpillars, are
often brightly colored, and they commonly feed on leaves. The adults
feed chiefly on the honey of flowers.

LEPIDOPTERAL; LEPIDOPTEROUS
Lep`i*dop"ter*al, Lep`i*dop"ter*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Lepidoptera.

LEPIDOPTERIST
Lep`i*dop"ter*ist, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One who studies the Lepidoptera.

LEPIDOSAURIA
Lep`i*do*sau"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of reptiles, including the serpents and lizards; the
Plagiotremata.

LEPIDOSIREN
Lep`i*do*si"ren, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An eel-shaped ganoid fish of the order Dipnoi, having both
gills and lungs. It inhabits the rivers of South America. The name is
also applied to a related African species (Protopterus annectens).
The lepidosirens grow to a length of from four to six feet. Called
also doko.

LEPIDOTE; LEPIDOTED
Lep"i*dote, Lep"i*do`ted, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a coat of scurfy scales, as the leaves of the oleaster.

LEPISMA
Le*pis"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of wingless thysanurous insects having an elongated
flattened body, covered with shining scales and terminated by seven
unequal bristles. A common species (Lepisma saccharina) is found in
houses, and often injures books and furniture. Called also shiner,
silver witch, silver moth, and furniture bug.

LEPISMOID
Le*pis"moid, a. Etym: [Lepisma + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the Lepisma.

LEPORINE
Lep"o*rine, a. Etym: [L. leporinus, fr. lepus, leporis, hare. See
Leveret.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a hare; like or characteristic of, a hare.

LEPRA
Le"pra, n. Etym: [L. See Leper.] (Med.)

Defn: Leprosy.

Note: The term lepra was formerly given to various skin diseases, the
leprosy of modern authors being Lepra Arabum. See Leprosy.

LEPRE
Lep"re, n.

Defn: Leprosy.[Obs.] Wyclif.

LEPROSE
Lep"rose`, a. Etym: [See Leprous.] (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Covered with thin, scurfy scales.

LEPROSITY
Le*pros"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being leprous or scaly; also, a scale.
Bacon.

LEPROSY
Lep"ro*sy, n. Etym: [See Leprous.] (Med.)

Defn: A cutaneous disease which first appears as blebs or as reddish,
shining, slightly prominent spots, with spreading edges. These are
often followed by an eruption of dark or yellowish prominent nodules,
frequently producing great deformity. In one variety of the disease,
anæsthesia of the skin is a prominent symptom. In addition there may
be wasting of the muscles, falling out of the hair and nails, and
distortion of the hands and feet with destruction of the bones and
joints. It is incurable, and is probably contagious.Mycobacterium
leprae, curable in most cases by therapy with a combination of
antibiotics, but cases resistant to therapy are increasing.

Note: The disease now called leprosy, also designated as Lepra or
Lepra Arabum, and Elephantiasis Græcorum, is not the same as the
leprosy of the ancients. The latter was, indeed, a generic name for
many varieties of skin disease (including our modern leprosy,
psoriasis, etc.), some of which, among the Hebrews, rendered a person
ceremonially unclean. A variety of leprosy of the Hebrews (probably
identical with modern leprosy) was characterized by the presence of
smooth, shining, depressed white patches or scales, the hair on which
participated in the whiteness while the skin and adjacent flesh
became insensible. It was incurable disease.

LEPROUS
Lep"rous, a. Etym: [OF. leprous, lepros, F. lépreux, fr. L. leprosus,
fr. lepra, leprae, leprosy. See Leper.]

1. Infected with leprosy; pertaining to or resembling leprosy. "His
hand was leprous as snow." Ex. iv. 6.

2. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Leprose.
 -- Lep"rous*ly, adv.
 -- Lep"rous*ness, n.

LEPRY
Lep"ry, n.

Defn: Leprosy. [Obs.] Holland.

LEPTIFORM
Lep"ti*form, a. Etym: [Leptus + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a form somewhat like leptus; -- said of active insect
larvæ having three pairs of legs. See Larva.

LEPTOCARDIA
Lep`to*car"di*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lowest class of Vertebrata, including only the Amphioxus.
The heart is represented only by a simple pulsating vessel. The blood
is colorless; the brain, renal organs, and limbs are wanting, and the
backbone is represented only by a simple, unsegmented notochord. See
Amphioxus. [Written also Leptocardii.]

LEPTOCARDIAN
Lep`to*car"di*an a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Leptocardia.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Leptocardia.

LEPTODACTYL
Lep`to*dac"tyl, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird or other animal having slender toes. [Written also
lepodactyle.]

LEPTODACTYLOUS
Lep`to*dac"tyl*ous

Defn: , Having slender toes.

LEPTOLOGY
Lep*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A minute and tedious discourse on trifling things.

LEPTOMENINGITIS
Lep`to*men`in*gi"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. meningitis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the pia mater or of the arachnoid membrane.

LEPTORHINE
Lep"to*rhine, a. Etym: [Gr. , , the nose.] (Anat.)

Defn: Having the nose narrow; -- said esp. of the skull. Opposed to
platyrhine.

LEPTOSTRACA
Lep*tos"tra*ca, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Crustacea, including Nebalia and allied forms.

LEPTOTHRIX
Lep"to*thrix, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A genus of bacteria, characterized by having their filaments
very long, slender, and indistinctly articulated.

LEPTOTHRIX
Lep"to*thrix, a. Etym: [See Leptothrix, n. ] (Biol.)

Defn: Having the form of a little chain; -- applied to bacteria when,
as in multiplication by fission, they form chain of filiform
individuals.

LEPTUS
Lep"tus, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The six-legged young, or larva, of certain mites; -- sometimes
used as a generic name. See Harvest mite, under Harvest.

LEPTYNITE
Lep"ty*nite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Granulite.

LERE
Lere, n. Etym: [See Lore knowledge.]

Defn: Learning; lesson; lore. [Obs.] Spenser.

LERE
Lere, v. t. & i. Etym: [OE. leeren, leren, AS. l. See Lore, Learn.]

Defn: To learn; to teach. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LERE
Lere, a.

Defn: Empty. [Obs.] See Lere, a.

LERE
Lere, n. Etym: [AS. lira flesh; cf. Icel lær thigh.]

Defn: Flesh; skin. [Obs.] "His white leer." Chaucer.

LERED
Ler"ed, a. Etym: [From lere, v. t.]

Defn: Learned. [Obs.] " Lewed man or lered." Chaucer.

LERNAEA
Ler*næ"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Lernaeus Lernæan, fr. Lerna, Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A Linnæan genus of parasitic Entomostraca, -- the same as the
family Lernæidæ.

Note: The genus is restricted by modern zoölogists to a limited
number of species similar to Lernæa branchialis found on the gills of
the cod.

LERNAEACEA
Ler`næ*a"ce*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Lernæa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of copepod Crustacea, including a large number of
remarkable forms, mostly parasitic on fishes. The young, however, are
active and swim freely. See Illustration in Appendix.

LERNEAN
Ler*ne"an, n. Etym: [See Lernæa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a family (Lernæidæ) of parasitic Crustacea found
attached to fishes and other marine animals. Some species penetrate
the skin and flesh with the elongated head, and feed on the viscera.
See Illust. in Appendix.

LEROT
Lé`rot", n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European rodent (Eliomys nitela), allied to the
dormouse.

LES
Les, n.

Defn: A leash. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LESBIAN
Les"bi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the island anciently called Lesbos, now
Mitylene, in the Grecian Archipelago.

LESBIANISM
Les"bi*an*ism, n. (Med.)

Defn: Unnatural sexual relations between women.

LESBIAN LOVE
Lesbian love.

Defn: See Lesbianism.

LESE
Lese, v. t.

Defn: To lose. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LESE-MAJESTY
Lese`-maj"es*ty, n.

Defn: See Leze majesty.

LESION
Le"sion, n. Etym: [F. lesion, L. laesio, fr. laedere, laesum, to
hurt, injure.]

Defn: A hurt; an injury. Specifically:
(a) (Civil Law) Loss sustained from failure to fulfill a bargain or
contract. Burrill.
(b) (Med.) Any morbid change in the exercise of functions or the
texture of organs. Dunglison.

-LESS
-less. Etym: [AS. leás loose, false; akin to OS. l loose, false, D.
los loose, loos false, sly, G. los loose, Icel. lauss loose, vacant,
Goth. laus empty, vain, and also to E. loose, lose. sq. root127. See
Lose, and cf. Loose, Leasing.]

Defn: A privative adjective suffix, denoting without, destitute of,
not having; as witless, childless, fatherless.

LESS
Less (lês), conj.

Defn: Unless. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

LESS
Less, a. Etym: [OE. lesse, AS. læssa; akin to OFries. lessa; a
compar. from a lost positive form. Cf. Lesser, Lest, Least. Less has
the sense of the comparative degree of little.]

Defn: Smaller; not so large or great; not so much; shorter; inferior;
as, a less quantity or number; a horse of less size or value; in less
time than before.

Note: The substantive which less qualifies is often omitted; as, the
purse contained less (money) than ten dollars. See Less, n.
Thus in less [time] than a hundred years from the coming of
Augustine, all England became Christian. E. A. Freeman.

LESS
Less, adv. Etym: [AS. l. See Less, adj., and cf. Lest.]

Defn: Not so much; in a smaller or lower degree; as, less bright or
loud; less beautiful.

LESS
Less, n.

1. A smaller portion or quantity.
The children of Israel did so, and gathered, some more, some less.
Ex. xvi. 17.

2. The inferior, younger, or smaller.
The less is blessed of the better. Heb. vii. 7.

LESS
Less, v. t.

Defn: To make less; to lessen. [Obs.] Gower.

LESSEE
Les*see", n. Etym: [F. laissé, p. p. of laisser. See Lease, v. t.]
(Law)

Defn: The person to whom a lease is given, or who takes an estate by
lease. Blackstone.

LESSEN
Less"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lessened; p. pr. & vb. n. Lessening.]
Etym: [From Less, a. ]

Defn: To make less; to reduce; to make smaller, or fewer; to
diminish; to lower; to degrade; as, to lessen a kingdom, or a
population; to lessen speed, rank, fortune.
Charity . . . shall lessen his punishment. Calamy.
St. Paul chose to magnify his office when ill men conspired to lessen
it. Atterbury.

Syn.
 -- To diminish; reduce; abate; decrease; lower; impair; weaken;
degrade.

LESSEN
Less"en, v. i.

Defn: To become less; to shrink; to contract; to decrease; to be
diminished; as, the apparent magnitude of objects lessens as we
recede from them; his care, or his wealth, lessened.
The objection lessens much, and comes to no more than this: there was
one witness of no good reputation. Atterbury.

LESSENER
Less"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, lessens.
His wife . . . is the lessener of his pain, and the augmenter of his
pleasure. J. Rogers (1839).

LESSER
Less"er, a. Etym: [This word is formed by adding anew the compar.
suffix -er (in which r is from an original s) to less. See Less, a.]

Defn: Less; smaller; inferior.
God made . . . the lesser light to rule the night. Gen. i. 15.

Note: Lesser is used for less, now the compar. of little, in certain
special instances in which its employment has become established by
custom; as, Lesser Asia (i. e., Asia Minor), the lesser light, and
some others; also in poetry, for the sake of the meter, and in prose
where its use renders the passage more euphonious.
The more my prayer, the lesser is my grace. Shak.
The larger here, and there the lesser lambs. Pope.
By the same reason may a man, in the state of nature, punish the
lesser breaches of the law. Locke.

LESSER
Less"er, adv.

Defn: Less. [Obs.] Shak.

LESSES
Les"ses, n. pl. Etym: [F. laissées, from laisser to leave. See Lease,
v. t.]

Defn: The leavings or dung of beasts.

LESSON
Les"son, n. Etym: [OE. lessoun, F. le lesson, reading, fr. L. lectio
a reading, fr. legere to read, collect. See Legend, and cf. Lection.]

1. Anything read or recited to a teacher by a pupil or learner;
something, as a portion of a book, assigned to a pupil to be studied
or learned at one time.

2. That which is learned or taught by an express effort; instruction
derived from precept, experience, observation, or deduction; a
precept; a doctrine; as, to take or give a lesson in drawing." A
smooth and pleasing lesson." Milton.
Emprinteth well this lesson in your mind. Chaucer.

3. A portion of Scripture read in divine service for instruction; as,
here endeth the first lesson.

4. A severe lecture; reproof; rebuke; warning.
She would give her a lesson for walking so late. Sir. P. Sidney.

5. (Mus.) An exercise; a composition serving an educational purpose;
a study.

LESSON
Les"son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lessoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Lessoning.]

Defn: To teach; to instruct. Shak.
To rest the weary, and to soothe the sad, Doth lesson happier men,
and shame at least the bad. Byron.

LESSOR
Les"sor, n. Etym: [See Lessee, Lease, v. t. ] (Law)

Defn: One who leases; the person who lets to farm, or gives a lease.
Blackstone.

LEST
Lest, v. i.

Defn: To listen. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

LEST
Lest, n. Etym: [See List to choose.]

Defn: Lust; desire; pleasure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEST
Lest, a.

Defn: Last; least. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEST
Lest, conj. Etym: [OE.leste, fr. AS. l the less that, where that,
who, which. See The, Less, a.]

1. For
Love not sleep, lest thou come to poverty. Prov. xx. 18.
Wherefore let him that thinketh he standeth he standeth take heed
lest he fall. I Cor. x. 12.

2. That (without the negative particle); -- after certain expressions
denoting fear or apprehension.
I feared Lest I might anger thee. Shak.

LESTER
Les"ter, n. [Pg., prob. fr. Fr. l'est the east.] (Meteor.)

Defn: A dry sirocco in the Madeira Islands.

-LET
-let.Etym: [From two French dim. endings -el (L. -ellus) and -et, as
in bracelet.]

Defn: A noun suffix having a diminutive force; as in streamlet,
armlet.

LET
Let, v. t. Etym: [OE.letten, AS. lettan to delay, to hinder, fr. læt
slow; akin to D. letten to hinder, G. verletzen to hurt, Icel. letja
to hold back, Goth. latjan. See Late.]

Defn: To retard; to hinder; to impede; to oppose. [Archaic]
He was so strong that no man might him let. Chaucer.
He who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way. 2.
Thess. ii. 7.
Mine ancient wound is hardly whole, And lets me from the saddle.
Tennyson.

LET
Let, n.

1. A retarding; hindrance; obstacle; impediment; delay; -- common in
the phrase without let or hindrance, but elsewhere archaic. Keats.
Consider whether your doings be to the let of your salvation or not.
Latimer.

2. (Lawn Tennis)

Defn: A stroke in which a ball touches the top of the net in passing
over.

LET
Let, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Let (Letted, [Obs].); p. pr. & vb. n.
Letting.] Etym: [OE. leten, læten (past tense lat, let, p. p. laten,
leten, lete), AS. lætan (past tense let, p. p. læten); akin to
OFries. leta, OS. latan, D. laten, G. lessen, OHG. lazzan, Icel.
lata, Sw. låta, Dan. lade, Goth. letan, and L. lassus weary. The
original meaning seems to have been, to let loose, let go, let drop.
Cf. Alas, Late, Lassitude, Let to hinder.]

1. To leave; to relinquish; to abandon. [Obs. or Archaic, except when
followed by alone or be.]
He . . . prayed him his voyage for to let Chaucer.
Yet neither spins nor cards, ne cares nor frets, But to her mother
Nature all her care she lets. Spenser.
Let me alone in choosing of my wife. Chaucer.

2. To consider; to think; to esteem. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. To cause; to make; -- used with the infinitive in the active form
but in the passive sense; as, let make, i. e., cause to be made; let
bring, i. e., cause to be brought. [Obs.]
This irous, cursed wretch Let this knight's son anon before him
fetch. Chaucer.
He . . . thus let do slay hem all three. Chaucer.
Anon he let two coffers make. Gower.

4. To permit; to allow; to suffer; -- either affirmatively, by
positive act, or negatively, by neglecting to restrain or prevent.

Note: In this sense, when followed by an infinitive, the latter is
commonly without the sign to; as to let us walk, i. e., to permit or
suffer us to walk. Sometimes there is entire omission of the verb;
as, to let [to be or to go] loose.
Pharaoh said, I will let you go Ex. viii. 28.
If your name be Horatio, as I am let to know it is. Shak.

5. To allow to be used or occupied for a compensation; to lease; to
rent; to hire out; -- often with out; as, to let a farm; to let a
house; to let out horses.

6. To give, grant, or assign, as a work, privilege, or contract; --
often with out; as, to let the building of a bridge; to let out the
lathing and the plastering.

Note: The active form of the infinitive of let, as of many other
English verbs, is often used in a passive sense; as, a house to let
(i. e., for letting, or to be let). This form of expression conforms
to the use of the Anglo-Saxon gerund with to (dative infinitive)
which was commonly so employed. See Gerund, 2. " Your elegant house
in Harley Street is to let." Thackeray. In the imperative mood,
before the first person plural, let has a hortative force. " Rise up,
let us go." Mark xiv. 42. " Let us seek out some desolate shade."
Shak. To let alone, to leave; to withdraw from; to refrain from
interfering with.
 -- To let blood, to cause blood to flow; to bleed.
 -- To let down. (a) To lower. (b) To soften in tempering; as to let
down tools, cutlery, and the like.
 -- To let drive or fly, to discharge with violence, as a blow, an
arrow, or stone. See under Drive, and Fly.
 -- To let in or into. (a) To permit or suffer to enter; to admit.
(b) To insert, or imbed, as a piece of wood, in a recess formed in a
surface for the purpose. To let loose, to remove restraint from; to
permit to wander at large.
 -- To let off (a) To discharge; to let fly, as an arrow; to fire the
charge of, as a gun. (b) To release, as from an engagement or
obligation. [Colloq.] To let out. (a) To allow to go forth; as, to
let out a prisoner. (b) To extend or loosen, as the folds of a
garment; to enlarge; to suffer to run out, as a cord. (c) To lease;
to give out for performance by contract, as a job. (d) To divulge.
 -- To let slide, to let go; to cease to care for. [Colloq.] " Let
the world slide." Shak.

LET
Let, v. i.

1. To forbear. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. To be let or leased; as, the farm lets for $500 a year. See note
under Left, v. i. To let on, to tell; to tattle; to divulge
something. [Low] -- To let up, to become less severe; to diminish; to
cease; as, when the storm lets up. [Colloq.]

LET-ALONE
Let"-a*lone", a.

Defn: Letting alone. The let-alone principle, doctrine, or policy.
(Polit. Econ.) See Laissez faire.

LETCH
Letch, v. & n.

Defn: See Leach.

LETCH
Letch, n. Etym: [See Lech, Lecher.]

Defn: Strong desire; passion. (Archaic.)
Some people have a letch for unmasking impostors, or for avenging the
wrongs of others. De Quincey.

LETCHY
Letch"y, a.

Defn: See Leachy.

LETE
Lete, v. t.

Defn: To let; to leave. [Obs.]

LETEN
Let"en, obs. p. p.

Defn: of Lete. Chaucer.

LETHAL
Leth"al, n. Etym: [Lauric + ether + alcohol.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the higher alcohols of the paraffine series obtained
from spermaceti as a white crystalline solid. It is so called because
it occurs in the ethereal salt of lauric acid.

LETHAL
Le"thal, a. Etym: [L. lethalis, letalis, fr. lethum, letum, death:
cf. F. léthal.]

Defn: Deadly; mortal; fatal. "The lethal blow." W. Richardson.
 -- Le"thal*ly, adv.

LETHALITY
Le*thal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. léthalité.]

Defn: The quality of being lethal; mortality.

LETHARGIC; LETHARGICAL
Le*thar"gic, Le*thar"gic*al, a. Etym: [L. lethargicus, Gr.
léthargique. See Lethargy.]

Defn: Pertaining to, affected with, or resembling, lethargy; morbidly
drowsy; dull; heavy.
 -- Le*thar"gic*al*ly, v.
 -- Le*thar"gic*al*ness, n.
 -- Le*thar"gic*ness, n.

LETHARGIZE
Leth"ar*gize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lethargized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Lethargizing.]

Defn: To make lethargic.
All bitters are poison, and act by stilling, and depressing, and
lethargizing the irritability. Coleridge.

LETHARGY
Leth"ar*gy, n.; pl. -gies. Etym: [F. léthargie, L. letgargia, Gr.
Lethe.]

1. Morbid drowsiness; continued or profound sleep, from which a
person can scarcely be awaked.

2. A state of inaction or indifference.
Europe lay then under a deep lethargy. Atterbury.

LETHARGY
Leth"ar*gy, v. t.

Defn: To lethargize. [Obs.] Shak.

LETHE
Le"the, n. Etym: [See Lethal.]

Defn: Death.[Obs.] Shak.

LETHE
Le"the (le"the), n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A river of Hades whose waters when drunk caused forgetfulness
of the past.

2. Oblivion; a draught of oblivion; forgetfulness.

LETHEAN
Le*the"an, a. Etym: [L. Letha, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Lethe; resembling in effect the water of
Lethe. Milton. Barrow.

LETHEED
Le"theed, a.

Defn: Caused by Lethe. " Letheed dullness." [Obs.] Shak.

LETHEON
Le"the*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Sulphuric ether used as an anæsthetic agent. [R.]

LETHEONIZE
Le"the*on*ize, v. t.

Defn: To subject to the influence of letheon. [R. or Obs.]

LETHIFEROUS
Le*thif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. lethifer, letifer, fr. lethum, letum,
death + ferre to bear, to bring: cf. F. léthifère.]

Defn: Deadly; bringing death or destruction.

LETHY
Le"thy, a.

Defn: Lethean. [Obs.] Marston.

LET-OFF
Let"-off`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: A device for letting off, releasing, or giving forth, as the
warp from the cylinder of a loom.

LETTE
Let"te, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Letted.]

Defn: To let; to hinder. See Let, to hinder. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LETTER
Let"ter, n. Etym: [From Let to permit.]

Defn: One who lets or permits; one who lets anything for hire.

LETTER
Let"ter, n. Etym: [From Let to hinder.]

Defn: One who retards or hinders. [Archaic.]

LETTER
Let"ter, n. Etym: [OE. lettre, F. lettre, OF. letre, fr. L.littera,
litera, a letter; pl., an epistle, a writing, literature, fr. linere,
litum, to besmear, to spread or rub over; because one of the earliest
modes of writing was by graving the characters upon tablets smeared
over or covered with wax. Pliny, xiii. 11. See Leniment, and cf.
Literal.]

1. A mark or character used as the representative of a sound, or of
an articulation of the human organs of speech; a first element of
written language.
And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek,
and Latin, and Hebrew. Luke xxiii. 38.

2. A written or printed communication; a message expressed in
intelligible characters on something adapted to conveyance, as paper,
parchment, etc.; an epistle.
The style of letters ought to be free, easy, and natural. Walsh.

3. A writing; an inscription. [Obs.]
None could expound what this letter meant. Chaucer.

4. Verbal expression; literal statement or meaning; exact
signification or requirement.
We must observe the letter of the law, without doing violence to the
reason of the law and the intention of the lawgiver. Jer. Taylor.
I broke the letter of it to keep the sense. Tennyson.

5. (Print.)

Defn: A single type; type, collectively; a style of type.
Under these buildings . . . was the king's printing house, and that
famous letter so much esteemed. Evelyn.

6. pl.

Defn: Learning; erudition; as, a man of letters.

7. pl.

Defn: A letter; an epistle. [Obs.] Chaucer. Dead letter, Drop letter,
etc. See under Dead, Drop, etc.
 -- Letter book, a book in which copies of letters are kept.
 -- Letter box, a box for the reception of letters to be mailed or
delivered.
 -- Letter carrier, a person who carries letters; a postman; specif.,
an officer of the post office who carries letters to the persons to
whom they are addressed, and collects letters to be mailed.
 -- Letter cutter, one who engraves letters or letter punches.
 -- Letter lock, a lock that can not be opened when fastened, unless
certain movable lettered rings or disks forming a part of in are in
such a position (indicated by a particular combination of the
letters) as to permit the bolt to be withdrawn.
A strange lock that opens with AMEN. Beau. & Fl.
-- Letter paper, paper for writing letters on; especially, a size of
paper intermediate between note paper and foolscap. See Paper.
 -- Letter punch, a steel punch with a letter engraved on the end,
used in making the matrices for type.
 -- Letters of administration (Law), the instrument by which an
administrator or administratrix is authorized to administer the goods
and estate of a deceased person.
 -- Letter of attorney, Letter of credit, etc. See under Attorney,
Credit, etc.
 -- Letter of license, a paper by which creditors extend a debtor's
time for paying his debts.
 -- Letters close or clause (Eng. Law.), letters or writs directed to
particular persons for particular purposes, and hence closed or
sealed on the outside; -- distinguished from letters patent. Burrill.
 -- Letters of orders (Eccl.), a document duly signed and sealed, by
which a bishop makes it known that he has regularly ordained a
certain person as priest, deacon, etc.
 -- Letters patent, overt, or open (Eng. Law), a writing executed and
sealed, by which power and authority are granted to a person to do
some act, or enjoy some right; as, letters patent under the seal of
England.
 -- Letter-sheet envelope, a stamped sheet of letter paper issued by
the government, prepared to be folded and sealed for transmission by
mail without an envelope.
 -- Letters testamentary (Law), an instrument granted by the proper
officer to an executor after probate of a will, authorizing him to
act as executor.
 -- Letter writer. (a) One who writes letters. (b) A machine for
copying letters. (c) A book giving directions and forms for the
writing of letters.

LETTER
Let"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lettered; p. pr. & vb. n. Lettering.]

Defn: To impress with letters; to mark with letters or words; as, a
book gilt and lettered.

LETTERED
Let"tered, a.

1. Literate; educated; versed in literature. " Are you not lettered"
Shak.
The unlettered barbarians willingly accepted the aid of the lettered
clergy, still chiefly of Roman birth, to reduce to writing the
institutes of their forefathers. Milman.

2. Of or pertaining to learning or literature; learned. " A lettered
education." Collier.

3. Inscribed or stamped with letters. Addison.

LETTERER
Let"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who makes, inscribes, or engraves, alphabetical letters.

LETTERGRAM
Let"ter*gram, n.

Defn: See Letter, above.

LETTERING
Let"ter*ing, n.

1. The act or business of making, or marking with, letters, as by
cutting or painting.

2. The letters made; as, the lettering of a sign.

LETTERLESS
Let"ter*less, a.

1. Not having a letter.

2. Illiterate. [Obs.] E. Waterhouse.

LETTERN
Let"tern, n.

Defn: See Lecturn.

LETTERPRESS
Let"ter*press", n.

Defn: Print; letters and words impressed on paper or other material
by types; -- often used of the reading matter in distinction from the
illustrations.
Letterpress printing, printing directly from type, in distinction
from printing from plates.

LETTERURE
Let"ter*ure, n.

Defn: Letters; literature. [Obs.] "To teach him letterure and
courtesy." Chaucer.

LETTERWOOD
Let"ter*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The beautiful and highly elastic wood of a tree of the genus
Brosimum (B. Aubletii), found in Guiana; -- so called from black
spots in it which bear some resemblance to hieroglyphics; also called
snakewood, and leopardwood. It is much used for bows and for walking
sticks.

LETTIC
Let"tic, a.
(a) Of or pertaining to the Letts; Lettish.
(b) Of or pertaining to a branch of the Slavic family, subdivided
into Lettish, Lithuanian, and Old Prussian.
 -- n.
(a) The language of the Letts; Lettish.
(b) The language of the Lettic race, including Lettish, Lithuanian,
and Old Prussian.

LETTISH
Let"tish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Letts.
 -- n.

Defn: The language spoken by the Letts. See Lettic.

LETTRURE
Let"trure, n.

Defn: See Letterure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LETTS
Letts, n. pl.; sing. Lett (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: An Indo-European people, allied to the Lithuanians and Old
Prussians, and inhabiting a part of the Baltic provinces of Russia.

LETTUCE
Let"tuce, n. Etym: [OE. letuce, prob. through Old French from some
Late Latin derivative of L. lactuca lettuce, which, according to
Varro, is fr. lac, lactis, milk, on account of the milky white juice
which flows from it when it is cut: cf. F. laitue. Cf. Lacteal,
Lactucic.] (Bot.)

Defn: A composite plant of the genus Lactuca (L. sativa), the leaves
of which are used as salad. Plants of this genus yield a milky juice,
from which lactucarium is obtained. The commonest wild lettuce of the
United States is L. Canadensis. Hare's lettuce, Lamb's lettuce. See
under Hare, and Lamb.
 -- Lettuce opium. See Lactucarium.
 -- Sea lettuce, certain papery green seaweeds of the genus Ulva.

LETUARY
Let"u*a*ry, n.

Defn: Electuary. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LET-UP
Let"-*up`, n. Etym: [See Let to forbear.]

Defn: Abatement; also, cessation; as, it blew a gale for three days
without any let-up. [Colloq.]

LEUC-
Leuc-

Defn: . Same as Leuco-.

LEUCADENDRON
Leu`ca*den"dron, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of evergreen shrubs from the Cape of Good Hope, having
handsome foliage. Leucadendron argenteum is the silverboom of the
colonists.

LEUCANILINE
Leu*can"i*line, n. Etym: [Leuc- + aniline.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, crystalline, organic base, obtained from
rosaniline by reduction, and also from other sources. It forms
colorless salts.

LEUCHAEMIA
Leu*chæ"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: See Leucocythæmia.
 -- Leu*chæm"ic, a. [Written also leukæmia, leukæmic.]

LEUCIC; LEUCINIC
Leu"cic, Leu*cin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from leucin,
and called also oxycaproic acid.

LEUCIN
Leu"cin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance formed in the
decomposition of albuminous matter by pancreatic digestion, by the
action of boiling dilute sulphuric acid, and by putrefaction. It is
also found as a constituent of various tissues and organs, as the
spleen, pancreas, etc., and likewise in the vegetable kingdom.
Chemically it is to be considered as amido-caproic acid.
(CH3)2CH.CH2.CH(NH2)-COOH. L-leucine, the natural form, is present in
most proteins.

LEUCITE
Leu"cite, n. Etym: [Gr.leucite.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral having a glassy fracture, occurring in translucent
trapezohedral crystals. It is a silicate of alumina and potash. It is
found in the volcanic rocks of Italy, especially at Vesuvius.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A leucoplast.

LEUCITIC
Leu*cit"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Containing leucite; as, leucitic rocks.

LEUCITOID
Leu"ci*toid, n. Etym: [Leucite + -oid.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: The trapezohedron or tetragonal trisoctahedron; -- so called as
being the form of the mineral leucite.

LEUCO-; LEUC-
Leu"co-, Leuc-.Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form signifying white, colorless; specif. (Chem.),
denoting an extensive series of colorless organic compounds, obtained
by reduction from certain other colored compounds; as, leucaniline,
leucaurin, etc.

LEUCOCYTE
Leu"co*cyte, n. Etym: [Leuco- + Cr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A colorless corpuscle, as one of the white blood corpuscles, or
those found in lymph, marrow of hone, connective tissue, etc.

Note: They all consist of more or less spherical masses of
protoplasm, without any surrounding membrane or wall, and are capable
of motion.

LEUCOCYTHAEMIA; LEUCOCYTHEMIA
Leu`co*cy*thæ"mi*a, Leu`co*cy*the"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A disease in which the white corpuscles of the blood are
largely increased in number, and there is enlargement of the spleen,
or the lymphatic glands; leuchæmia.

LEUCOCYTOGENESIS
Leu`co*cy`to*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Leucocyte + genesis.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The formation of leucocytes.

LEUCOETHIOPIC
Leu`co*e`thi*op"ic, a. Etym: [Leuco- + Ethiopic.]

Defn: White and black; -- said of a white animal of a black species,
or the albino of the negro race.

LEUCOETHIOPS
Leu`co*e"thi*ops, n. Etym: [Leuco- + Aethiops.]

Defn: An albino. [Also written leucoethiops.]

LEUCOLINE
Leu"co*line, n. Etym: [Leuc- + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous organic base from coal tar, and identical with
quinoline. Cf. Quinoline.

LEUCOMA
Leu*co"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A white opacity in the cornea of the eye; -- called also
albugo.

LEUCOMAINE
Leu*co"ma*ine, n. Etym: [Leuco- + -maine, as in ptomaine.] (Physiol.
Chem.)

Defn: An animal base or alkaloid, appearing in the tissue during
life; hence, a vital alkaloid, as distinguished from a ptomaine or
cadaveric poison.

LEUCONIC
Leu*con"ic, a. Etym: [Leuc- + croconic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a complex organic acid, obtained
as a yellowish white gum by the oxidation of croconic acid.

LEUCOPATHY
Leu*cop"a*thy, n. Etym: [Leuco- + Gr.

Defn: The state of an albino, or of a white child of black parents.

LEUCOPHANE
Leu"co*phane, n. Etym: [Gr. leukophan.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a greenish yellow color; it is a silicate of
glucina, lime, and soda with fluorine. Called also leucophanite.

LEUCOPHLEGMACY
Leu`co*phleg"ma*cy, n. Etym: [Gr. leucophlegmasie.] (Med.)

Defn: A dropsical habit of body, or the commencement of anasarca;
paleness, with viscid juices and cold sweats.

LEUCOPHLEGMATIC
Leu`co*phleg*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. leucophlegmatique, Gr.

Defn: Having a dropsical habit of body, with a white bloated skin.

LEUCOPHYLL
Leu"co*phyll, n. Etym: [Leuco- + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless substance isomeric with chlorophyll, contained in
parts of plants capable of becoming green. Watts.

LEUCOPHYLLOUS
Leu*coph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having white or silvery foliage.

LEUCOPLAST; LEUCOPLASTID
Leu"co*plast, Leu`co*plas"tid, n. Etym: [Leuco- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: One of certain very minute whitish or colorless granules
occurring in the protoplasm of plants and supposed to be the nuclei
around which starch granules will form.

LEUCOPYRITE
Leu*cop"y*rite, n. Etym: [Leuco- + pyrites.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a color between white and steel-gray, with a
metallic luster, and consisting chiefly of arsenic and iron.

LEUCORRHOEA
Leu`cor*rhoe"a, n. Etym: [Leuco- + Gr. "rei^n to flow.] (Med.)

Defn: A discharge of a white, yellowish, or greenish, viscid mucus,
resulting from inflammation or irritation of the membrane lining the
genital organs of the female; the whites. Dunglison.

LEUCORYX
Leu"co*ryx, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large antelope of North Africa (Oryx leucoryx), allied to the
gemsbok.

LEUCOSCOPE
Leu"co*scope, n. Etym: [Leuco- + -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument, devised by Professor Helmholtz, for testing the
color perception of the eye, or for comparing different lights, as to
their constituent color or their relative whiteness.

LEUCOSOID
Leu"co*soid, a. Etym: [NL. Leucosia, the typical genus (fr. Gr. -
oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the Leucosoidea, a tribe of marine crabs
including the box crab or Calappa.

LEUCOSPHERE
Leu"co*sphere, n. Etym: [Leuco- + sphere.] (Astron.)

Defn: The inner corona. [R.]

LEUCOTURIC
Leu`co*tu"ric, a. Etym: [Leuco- + allantoic + uric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous organic substance
of the uric acid group, called leucoturic acid or oxalantin. See
Oxalantin.

LEUCOUS
Leu"cous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: White; -- applied to albinos, from the whiteness of their skin
and hair.

LEUCOXENE
Leu*cox"ene, n. Etym: [Leuco- + Gr. xe`nos stranger.] (Min.)

Defn: A nearly opaque white mineral, in part identical with titanite,
observed in some igneous rocks as the result of the alteration of
titanic iron.

LEUKAEMIA
Leu*kæ"mi*a, n.

Defn: Leucocythæmia.

LEUKE; LEUKENESS
Leuke, a., Leuke"ness, n.

Defn: See Luke, etc.

LEUKOPLAST
Leu"ko*plast, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Leucoplast.

LEUKOPLAST
Leu"ko*plast (lu"ko*plast), n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Leucoplast.

LEVANA
Le*va"na, n. Etym: [L., fr. levare to raise.] (Rom. Myth.)

Defn: A goddess who protected newborn infants.

LEVANT
Le"vant, a. Etym: [F., p. pr. of lever to raise.] (Law)

Defn: Rising or having risen from rest; -- said of cattle. See
Couchant and levant, under Couchant.

LEVANT
Le*vant", n. Etym: [It. levante the point where the sum rises, the
east, the Levant, fr.levare to raise, levarsi to rise: cf. F. levant.
See Lever.]

1. The countries washed by the eastern part of the Mediterranean and
its contiguous waters.

2. A levanter (the wind so called).

LEVANT
Le"vant, a.

Defn: Eastern. [Obs.]
Forth rush the levant and the ponent winds. Milton.

LEVANT
Le*vant", v. i. Etym: [Cf. Sp. levantar to raise, go from one place
to another.]

Defn: To run away from one's debts; to decamp. [Colloq. Eng.]
Thackeray.

LEVANTER
Le*vant"er, n. Etym: [From Levant, v.]

Defn: One who levants, or decamps. [Colloq. Eng.]

LEVANTER
Le*vant"er, n. Etym: [From Levant, n.]

Defn: A strong easterly wind peculiar to the Mediterranean. W. H.
Russell.

LEVANTINE
Le*vant"ine, a. Etym: [F. levantin, or It. levantino. See Levant, n.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Levant. J. Spencer.

LEVANTINE
Le*vant"ine, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of the Levant.

2. Etym: [F. levantine, or It. levantina.]

Defn: A stout twilled silk fabric, formerly made in the Levant.

LEVARI FACIAS
Le*va`ri fa"ci*as. Etym: [Law L., cause to be levied.]

Defn: A writ of execution at common law.

LEVATION
Le*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. levatio.]

Defn: The act of raising; elevation; upward motion, as that produced
by the action of a levator muscle.

LEVATOR
Le*va"tor, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. levare to raise. See Lever, n.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle that serves to raise some part, as the lip or the
eyelid.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: A surgical instrument used to raise a depressed part of the
skull.

LEVE
Leve, a.

Defn: Dear. See Lief. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEVE
Leve, n. & v.

Defn: Same as 3d & 4th Leave. [Obs.]

LEVE
Leve, v. i.

Defn: To live. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEVE
Leve, v. t. Etym: [OE., fr. AS. l, abbrev. fr. gel. See Believe.]

Defn: To believe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEVE
Leve, v. t. Etym: [OE. leven, AS. l, l. See Leave permission.]

Defn: To grant; -- used esp. in exclamations or prayers followed by a
dependent clause. [Obs.]
God leve all be well. Chaucer.

LEVECHE
Le*ve"che, n. [Sp. Cf. Lebeccio.] (Meteor.)

Defn: A dry sirocco of Spain.

LEVEE
Lev"ee, n. Etym: [F. lever, fr. lever to raise, se lever to rise. See
Lever, n.]

1. The act of rising. " The sun's levee." Gray.

2. A morning assembly or reception of visitors, -- in distinction
from a soirée, or evening assembly; a matinée; hence, also, any
general or somewhat miscellaneous gathering of guests, whether in the
daytime or evening; as, the president's levee.

Note: In England a ceremonious day reception, when attended by both
ladies and gentlemen, is called a drawing-room.

LEVEE
Lev"ee, v. t.

Defn: To attend the levee or levees of.
He levees all the great. Young.

LEVEE
Lev"ee, n. Etym: [F. levée, fr. lever to raise. See Lever, and cf.
Levy.]

Defn: An embankment to prevent inundation; as, the levees along the
Mississippi; sometimes, the steep bank of a river. [U. S. ]

LEVEE
Lev"ee, v. t.

Defn: To keep within a channel by means of levees; as, to levee a
river. [U. S.]

LEVEE EN MASSE
Le*vée" en` masse". Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Levy in mass, under Levy, n.

LEVEFUL
Leve"ful, a. Etym: [Leve, n. + -ful.]

Defn: Allowable; permissible; lawful. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEVEL
Lev"el, n. Etym: [OE. level, livel, OF. livel, F. niveau, fr. L.
libella level, water level, a plumb level, dim. of libra pound,
measure for liquids, balance, water poise, level. Cf. Librate,
Libella.]

1. A line or surface to which, at every point, a vertical or plumb
line is perpendicular; a line or surface which is everywhere parallel
to the surface of still water; -- this is the true level, and is a
curve or surface in which all points are equally distant from the
center of the earth, or rather would be so if the earth were an exact
sphere.

2. A horizontal line or plane; that is, a straight line or a plane
which is tangent to a true level at a given point and hence parallel
to the horizon at that point; -- this is the apparent level at the
given point.

3. An approximately horizontal line or surface at a certain degree of
altitude, or distance from the center of the earth; as, to climb from
the level of the coast to the l of the plateau and then descent to
the level of the valley or of the sea.
After draining of the level in Northamptonshire. Sir M. Hale.
Shot from the deadly level of a gun. Shak.

4. Hence, figuratively, a certain position, rank, standard, degree,
quality, character, etc., conceived of as in one of several planes of
different elevation.
Providence, for the most part, sets us on a level. Addison.
Somebody there of his own level. Swift.
Be the fair level of thy actions laid As temperance wills and
prudence may persuade. Prior.

5. A uniform or average height; a normal plane or altitude; a
condition conformable to natural law or which will secure a level
surface; as, moving fluids seek a level.
When merit shall find its level. F. W. Robertson.

6. (Mech. & Surv.)
(a) An instrument by which to find a horizontal line, or adjust
something with reference to a horizontal line.
(b) A measurement of the difference of altitude of two points, by
means of a level; as, to take a level.

7. A horizontal passage, drift, or adit, in mine. Air level, a spirit
level. See Spirit level (below).
 -- Box level, a spirit level in which a glass-covered box is used
instead of a tube.
 -- Garpenter's level, Mason's level, either the plumb level or a
straight bar of wood, in which is imbedded a small spirit level.
 -- Level of the sea, the imaginary level from which heights and
depths are calculated, taken at a mean distance between high and low
water.
 -- Line of levels, a connected series of measurements, by means of a
level, along a given line, as of a railroad, to ascertain the profile
of the ground.
 -- Plumb level, one in which a horizontal bar is placed in true
position by means of a plumb line, to which it is at right angles.
 -- Spirit level, one in which the adjustment to the horizon is shown
by the position of a bubble in alcohol or ether contained in a nearly
horizontal glass tube, or a circular box with a glass cover.
 -- Surveyor's level, a telescope, with a spirit level attached, and
with suitable screws, etc., for accurate adjustment, the whole
mounted on a tripod, for use in leveling; -- called also leveling
instrument.
 -- Water level, an instrument to show the level by means the surface
of water in a trough, or in upright tubes connected by a pipe.

LEVEL
Lev"el, a.

1. Even; flat; having no part higher than another; having, or
conforming to, the curvature which belongs to the undisturbed liquid
parts of the earth's surface; as, a level field; level ground; the
level surface of a pond or lake.
Ample spaces o'er the smooth And level pavement. Milton.

2. Coinciding or parallel with the plane of the horizon; horizontal;
as, the telescope is now level.

3. Even with anything else; of the same height; on the same line or
plane; on the same footing; of equal importance; -- followed by with,
sometimes by to.
Young boys and girls Are level now with men; the odds is gone. Shak.
Everything lies level to our wish. Shak.

4. Straightforward; direct; direct; clear; open.
A very plain and level account. M. Arnold.

5. Well balanced; even; just; steady; impartial; as, a level head; a
level understanding. [Colloq.] " A level consideration." Shak.

6. (Phonetics)

Defn: Of even tone; without rising or falling inflection. H. Sweet.
Level line (Shipbuilding), the outline of a section which is
horizontal crosswise, and parallel with the rabbet of the keel
lengthwise. Level surface (Physics), an equipotential surface at
right angles at every point to the lines of force.

LEVEL
Lev"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Leveled or Levelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Leveling or Levelling.]

1. To make level; to make horizontal; to bring to the condition of a
level line or surface; hence, to make flat or even; as, to level a
road, a walk, or a garden.

2. To bring to a lower level; to overthrow; to topple down; to reduce
to a flat surface; to lower.
And their proud structures level with the ground. Sandys.
He levels mountains and he raises plains. Dryden.

3. To bring to a horizontal position, as a gun; hence, to point in
taking aim; to aim; to direct.
Bertram de Gordon, standing on the castle wall, leveled a quarrel out
of a crossbow. Stow.

4. Figuratively, to bring to a common level or plane, in respect of
rank, condition, character, privilege, etc.; as, to level all the
ranks and conditions of men.

5. To adjust or adapt to a certain level; as, to level remarks to the
capacity of children.
For all his mind on honor fixed is, To which he levels all his
purposes. Spenser.

LEVEL
Lev"el, v. i.

1. To be level; to be on a level with, or on an equality with,
something; hence, to accord; to agree; to suit. [Obs.]
With such accommodation and besort As levels with her breeding. Shak.

2. To aim a gun, spear, etc., horizontally; hence, to aim or point a
weapon in direct line with the mark; fig., to direct the eye, mind,
or effort, directly to an object.
The foeman may with as great aim level at the edge of a penknife.
Shak.
The glory of God and the good of his church . . . ought to be the
mark whereat we also level. Hooker.
She leveled at our purposes. Shak.

LEVELER
Lev"el*er, n. Etym: [Written also leveller.]

1. One who, or that which, levels.

2. One who would remove social inequalities or distinctions; a
socialist.

LEVELING
Lev"el*ing, n. Etym: [Written also levelling.]

1. The act or operation of making level.

2. (Surveying)

Defn: The art or operation of using a leveling instrument for finding
a horizontal line, for ascertaining the differences of level between
different points of the earth's surface included in a survey, for
establishing grades, etc., as in finding the descent of a river, or
locating a line of railroad. Leveling instrument. See Surveyor's
level, under Level, n.
 -- Leveling staff, a graduated rod or staff used in connection with
a leveling instrument for measuring differences of level between
points.

LEVELISM
Lev"el*ism, n.

Defn: The disposition or endeavor to level all distinctions of rank
in society.

LEVELLY
Lev"el*ly, adv.

Defn: In an even or level manner.

LEVELNESS
Lev"el*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being level.

LEVEN
Lev"en, n. Etym: [See Levin.]

Defn: Lightning. [Obs.]
Wild thunder dint and fiery leven. Chaucer.

LEVER
Lev"er, a. Etym: [Old compar. of leve or lief.]

Defn: More agreeable; more pleasing. [Obs.] Chaucer. To be lever
than. See Had as lief, under Had.

LEVER
Lev"er, adv.

Defn: Bather. [Obs.] Chaucer.
For lever had I die than see his deadly face. Spenser.

LEVER
Le"ver, n. Etym: [OE. levour, OF. leveor, prop., a lifter, fr. F.
lever to raise, L. levare; akin to levis light in weight, E. levity,
and perh. to E. light not heavy: cf. F. levier. Cf. Alleviate,
Elevate, Leaven, Legerdemain, Levy, n.]

1. (Mech.)

Defn: A rigid piece which is capable of turning about one point, or
axis (the fulcrum), and in which are two or more other points where
forces are applied; -- used for transmitting and modifying force and
motion. Specif., a bar of metal, wood, or other rigid substance, used
to exert a pressure, or sustain a weight, at one point of its length,
by receiving a force or power at a second, and turning at a third on
a fixed point called a fulcrum. It is usually named as the first of
the six mechanical powers, and is three kinds, according as either
the fulcrum F, the weight W, or the power P. respectively, is
situated between the other two, as in the figures.

2. (Mach.)
(a) A bar, as a capstan bar, applied to a rotatory piece to turn it.
(b) An arm on a rock shaft, to give motion to the shaft or to obtain
motion from it. Compound lever, a machine consisting of two or more
levers acting upon each other.
 -- Lever escapement. See Escapement.
 -- Lever jack. See Jack, n., 5.
 -- Lever watch, a watch having a vibrating lever to connect the
action of the escape wheel with that of the balance. Universal lever,
a machine formed by a combination of a lever with the wheel and axle,
in such a manner as to convert the reciprocating motion of the lever
into a continued rectilinear motion of some body to which the power
is applied.

LEVERAGE
Lev"er*age, n.

Defn: The action of a lever; mechanical advantage gained by the
lever. Leverage of a couple (Mech.), the perpendicular distance
between the lines of action of two forces which act in parallel and
opposite directions.
 -- Leverage of a force, the perpendicular distance from the line in
which a force acts upon a body to a point about which the body may be
supposed to turn.

LEVERET
Lev"er*et, n. Etym: [F. levraut, dim. of lièvre hare, L. lepus. Cf.
Leporine.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hare in the first year of its age.

LEVEROCK
Lev"er*ock, n. Etym: [See Lark.]

Defn: A lark. [Scot.]

LEVERWOOD
Lev"er*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The American hop hornbeam (Ostrya Virginica), a small tree with
very tough wood.

LEVESEL
Lev"e*sel, n. Etym: [AS. leáf a leaf + sæl, sel, a room, a hall.]

Defn: A leafy shelter; a place covered with foliage. [Obs.]
Behind the mill, under a levesel. Chaucer.

LEVET
Lev"et, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lever to raise.]

Defn: A trumpet call for rousing soldiers; a reveille. [Obs.]
Hudibras.

LEVIABLE
Lev"i*a*ble, a. Etym: [From Levy to assess.]

Defn: Fit to be levied; capable of being assessed and collected; as,
sums leviable by course of law. Bacon.

LEVIATHAN
Le*vi"a*than, n. Etym: [Heb. livyathan.]

1. An aquatic animal, described in the book of Job, ch. xli., and
mentioned on other passages of Scripture.

Note: It is not certainly known what animal is intended, whether the
crocodile, the whale, or some sort of serpent.

2. The whale, or a great whale. Milton.

LEVIER
Lev"i*er, n.

Defn: One who levees. Cartwright.

LEVIGABLE
Lev"i*ga*ble a. Etym: [See Levigate, v. t.]

Defn: Capable of being levigated.

LEVIGATE
Lev"i*gate, a. Etym: [L. levigatus, p. p. of levigare to lighten, fr.
l light.]

Defn: Made less harsh or burdensome; alleviated. [Obs.] Sir. T.
Elyot.

LEVIGATE
Lev"i*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Levigated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Levigating.] Etym: [L. levigatus, p. p. of levigare to make smooth,
fr. l smooth; akin to Gr.

Defn: To make smooth in various senses:
(a) To free from grit; to reduce to an impalpable powder or paste.
(b) To mix thoroughly, as liquids or semiliquids.
(c) To polish.
(d) To make smooth in action. " When use hath levigated the organs."
Barrow.
(e) Technically, to make smooth by rubbing in a moist condition
between hard surfaces, as in grinding pigments.

LEVIGATE
Lev"i*gate, a. Etym: [L. levigatus, p. p.]

Defn: Made smooth, as if polished.

LEVIGATION
Lev"i*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. levigatio a smoothing: cf. F.
lévigation.]

Defn: The act or operation of levigating.

LEVIN
Lev"in, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain. Cf. Leven.]

Defn: Lightning. [Obs.] Spenser. Levin brand, a thunderbolt. [Obs.]
Spenser.

LEVINER
Lev"in*er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A swift hound.

LEVIR
Le"vir, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A husband's brother; -- used in reference to levirate
marriages.

LEVIRATE; LEVIRATICAL
Lev"i*rate, Lev`i*rat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. levir a husband's brother,
brother-in-law; akin to Gr. lévirat leviration.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or in accordance with, a law of the ancient
Israelites and other tribes and races, according to which a woman,
whose husband died without issue, was married to the husband's
brother.
The firstborn son of a leviratical marriage was reckoned and
registered as the son of the deceased brother. Alford.

LEVIRATION
Lev`i*ra"tion, n.

Defn: Levirate marriage or marriages. Kitto.

LEVIROSTRES
Lev`i*ros"tres, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. levis light + rostrum
beak.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of birds, including the hornbills, kingfishers, and
related forms.

LEVITATE
Lev"i*tate, v. i. Etym: [L. levitas, -atis, lightness. See Levity.]

Defn: To rise, or tend to rise, as if lighter than the surrounding
medium; to become buoyant; -- opposed to gravitate. Sir. J. Herschel.

LEVITATE
Lev"i*tate, v. i. (Spiritualism)

Defn: To make buoyant; to cause to float in the air; as, to levitate
a table. [Cant]

LEVITATION
Lev`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. levis light in weight.]

1. Lightness; buoyancy; act of making light. Paley.

2. The act or process of making buoyant.

LEVITE
Le"vite, n. Etym: [L. Levites, Gr. Levi, one of the sons of Jacob.]

1. (Bib. Hist.)

Defn: One of the tribe or family of Levi; a descendant of Levi; esp.,
one subordinate to the priests (who were of the same tribe) and
employed in various duties connected with the tabernacle first, and
afterward the temple, such as the care of the building, bringing of
wood and other necessaries for the sacrifices, the music of the
services, etc.

2. A priest; so called in contempt or ridicule.

LEVITICAL
Le*vit"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. Leviticus, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to a Levite or the Levites.

2. Priestly. " Levitical questions." Milton.

3. Of or pertaining to, or designating, the law contained in the book
of Leviticus. Ayliffe. Levitical degrees, degrees of relationship
named in Leviticus, within which marriage is forbidden.

LEVITICALLY
Le*vit"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: After the manner of the Levites; in accordance with the
levitical law.

LEVITICUS
Le*vit"i*cus, n. Etym: [See Levitical.]

Defn: The third canonical book of the Old Testament, containing the
laws and regulations relating to the priests and Levites among the
Hebrews, or the body of the ceremonial law.

LEVITY
Lev"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. levitas, fr. levis light in weight; akin to
levare to raise. See Lever, n.]

1. The quality of weighing less than something else of equal bulk;
relative lightness, especially as shown by rising through, or
floating upon, a contiguous substance; buoyancy; -- opposed to
gravity.
He gave the form of levity to that which ascended; to that which
descended, the form of gravity. Sir. W. Raleigh.
This bubble by reason of its comparative levity to the fluidity that
incloses it, would ascend to the top. Bentley.

2. Lack of gravity and earnestness in deportment or character;
trifling gayety; frivolity; sportiveness; vanity. " A spirit of
levity and libertinism." Atterbury.
He never employed his omnipotence out of levity. Calamy.

3. Lack of steadiness or constancy; disposition to change;
fickleness; volatility.
The levity that is fatigued and disgusted with everything of which it
is in possession. Burke.

Syn.
 -- Inconstancy; thoughtlessness; unsteadiness; inconsideration;
volatility; flightiness.
 -- Levity, Volatility, Flightiness. All these words relate to
outward conduct. Levity springs from a lightness of mind which
produces a disregard of the proprieties of time and place.Volatility
is a degree of levity which causes the thoughts to fly from one
object to another, without resting on any for a moment. Flightiness
is volatility carried to an extreme which often betrays its subject
into gross impropriety or weakness. Levity of deportment, of conduct,
of remark; volatility of temper, of spirits; flightiness of mind or
disposition.

LEVO-
Le"vo-.

Defn: A prefix from L. laevus, meaning:
(a) Pertaining to, or toward, the left; as, levorotatory.
(b) (Chem. & Opt.) Turning the plane of polarized light to the left;
as, levotartaric acid; levoracemic acid; levogyratory crystals, etc.
[Written also lævo-.]

LEVOGYRATE
Le`vo*gy"rate, a. Etym: [Levo- + gyrate.] (Chem. & Physics)

Defn: Turning or twisting the plane of polarization towards the left,
as levulose, levotartaric acid, etc. [Written also lævogyrate.]

LEVOROTATION
Le`vo*ro*ta"tion, n. [Written also lævorotation.] [Levo- + rotation.]
(Physics & Chem.)

Defn: Rotation in the direction of an outgoing right-handed screw;
counter-clockwise rotation; -- applied chiefly to the turning of the
plane of polarization of light.

LEVOROTATORY
Le`vo*ro"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [Levo- + rotatory.] (Chem. & Physics)

Defn: Turning or rotating the plane of polarization towards the left;
levogyrate, as levulose, left handed quartz crystals, etc. [Written
also lævorotatory.]

LEVULIN
Lev"u*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance resembling dextrin, obtained from the bulbs of the
dahlia, the artichoke, and other sources, as a colorless, spongy,
amorphous material. It is so called because by decomposition it
yields levulose. [Written also lævulin.]

LEVULINIC
Lev`u*lin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or denoting, an acid (called also acetyl-
propionic acid), C5H8O3, obtained by the action of dilute acids on
various sugars (as levulose). [Written also lævulinic.]

LEVULOSAN
Lev`u*lo"san, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An unfermentable carbohydrate obtained by gently heating
levulose.

LEVULOSE
Lev"u*lose`, n. Etym: [See Levo-.] (Chem.)

Defn: A sirupy variety of sugar, rarely obtained crystallized,
occurring widely in honey, ripe fruits, etc., and hence called also
fruit sugar. It is called levulose, because it rotates the plane of
polarization to the left. [Written also lævulose.]C6H12O6.

Note: It is obtained, together with an equal quantity of dextrose, by
the inversion of ordinary cane or beet sugar, and hence, as being an
ingredient of invert sugar, is often so called. It is fermentable,
nearly as sweet as cane sugar, and is metameric with dextrose. Cf.
Dextrose.

LEVY
Lev"y, n.; pl. Levies. Etym: [A contr. of elevenpence or elevenpenny
bit.]

Defn: A name formerly given in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia
to the Spanish real of one eight of a dollar (or 12

LEVY
Lev"y, n. Etym: [F. levée, fr. lever to raise. See Lever, and cf.
Lever.]

1. The act of levying or collecting by authority; as, the levy of
troops, taxes, etc.
A levy of all the men left under sixty. Thirlwall.

2. That which is levied, as an army, force, tribute, etc. " The Irish
levies." Macaulay.

3. (Law)

Defn: The taking or seizure of property on executions to satisfy
judgments, or on warrants for the collection of taxes; a collecting
by execution. Levy in mass Etym: [F. levée en masse], a requisition
of all able-bodied men for military service.

LEVY
Lev"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Levied; p. pr. & vb. n. Levying.]

1. To raise, as a siege. [Obs.] Holland.

2. To raise; to collect; said of troops, to form into an army by
enrollment, conscription. etc.
Augustine . . . inflamed Ethelbert, king of Kent, to levy his power,
and to war against them. Fuller.

3. To raise or collect by assessment; to exact by authority; as, to
levy taxes, toll, tribute, or contributions.
If they do this . . . my ransom, then, Will soon be levied. Shak.

4. (Law)
(a) To gather or exact; as, to levy money.
(b) To erect, build, or set up; to make or construct; to raise or
cast up; as, to levy a mill, dike, ditch, a nuisance, etc. [Obs.]
Cowell. Blackstone.
(c) To take or seize on execution; to collect by execution. To levy a
fine, to commence and carry on a suit for assuring the title to lands
or tenements. Blackstone.
 -- To levy war, to make or begin war; to take arms for attack; to
attack.

LEVY
Lev"y, v. i.

Defn: To seize property, real or personal, or subject it to the
operation of an execution; to make a levy; as, to levy on property;
the usual mode of levying, in England, is by seizing the goods. To
levy on goods and chattels, to take into custody or seize specific
property in satisfaction of a writ.

LEVYNE; LEVYNITE
Lev"yne, Lev"yn*ite, n. Etym: [From Mr. Levy, an English
mineralogist.] (Min.)

Defn: A whitish, reddish, or yellowish, transparent or translucent
mineral, allied to chabazite.

LEW
Lew, a. Etym: [Cf. lee a calm or sheltered place, lukewarm.]

Defn: Lukewarm; tepid. [Obs.] Wyclif.

LEWD
Lewd, a. [Compar. Lewder; superl. Lewdest.] Etym: [OE.lewed, lewd,
lay, ignorant, vile, AS. l laical, belonging to the laity.]

1. Not clerical; laic; laical; hence, unlearned; simple. [Obs.]
For if priest be foul, on whom we trust, No wonder is a lewed man to
rust. Chaucer.
So these great clerks their little wisdom show To mock the lewd, as
learn'd in this as they. Sit. J. Davies.

2. Belonging to the lower classes, or the rabble; idle and lawless;
bad; vicious. [Archaic] Chaucer.
But the Jews, which believed not, . . . took unto them certain lewd
fellows of the baser sort, . . . and assaulted the house of Jason.
Acts xvii. 5.
Too lewd to work, and ready for any kind of mischief. Southey
.

3. Given to the promiscuous indulgence of lust; dissolute; lustful;
libidinous. Dryden.

4. Suiting, or proceeding from, lustfulness; involving unlawful
sexual desire; as, lewd thoughts, conduct, or language.

Syn.
 -- Lustful; libidinous; licentious; profligate; dissolute; sensual;
unchaste; impure; lascivious; lecherous; rakish; debauched.
 -- Lewd"ly, adv.
 -- Lewd"ness, n.

LEWDSTER
Lewd"ster, n.

Defn: A lewd person. [Obs.] Shak.

LEWIS; LEWISSON
Lew"is, Lew"is*son, n.

1. An iron dovetailed tenon, made in sections, which can be fitted
into a dovetail mortise; -- used in hoisting large stones, etc.

2. A kind of shears used in cropping woolen cloth. Lewis hole, a hole
wider at the bottom than at the mouth, into which a lewis is fitted.
De Foe.

LEX
Lex, n.; pl. Leges. Etym: [L. See Legal.]

Defn: Law; as, lex talionis, the law of retaliation; lex terræ, the
law of the land; lex fori, the law of the forum or court; lex loci,
the law of the place; lex mercatoria, the law or custom of merchants.

LEXICAL
Lex"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a lexicon, to lexicography, or words;
according or conforming to a lexicon.
 -- Lex"ic*al*ly, adv.

LEXICOGRAPHER
Lex`i*cog"ra*pher, n. Etym: [Gr. lexicographe. See Lexicon.]

Defn: The author or compiler of a lexicon or dictionary.
Every other author may aspire to praise; the lexicographer can only
hope to escape reproach; and even this negative recompense has been
yet granted to very few. Johnson.

LEXICOGRAPHIC; LEXICOGRAPHICAL
Lex`i*co*graph"ic, Lex`i*co*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
lexicographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or according to, lexicography.
 -- Lex`i*co*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

LEXICOGRAPHIST
Lex`i*cog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: A lexicographer. [R.] Southey.

LEXICOGRAPHY
Lex`i*cog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lexicographie.]

Defn: The art, process, or occupation of making a lexicon or
dictionary; the principles which are applied in making dictionaries.

LEXICOLOGIST
Lex`i*col"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in lexicology.

LEXICOLOGY
Lex`i*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. lexicologie.]

Defn: The science of the derivation and signification of words; that
branch of learning which treats of the signification and application
of words.

LEXICON
Lex"i*con, n. Etym: [Gr. Legend.]

Defn: A vocabulary, or book containing an alphabetical arrangement of
the words in a language or of a considerable number of them, with the
definition of each; a dictionary; especially, a dictionary of the
Greek, Hebrew, or Latin language.

LEXICONIST
Lex"i*con*ist, n.

Defn: A writer of a lexicon. [R.]

LEXIGRAPHIC
Lex`i*graph"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lexigraphique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to lexigraphy.

LEXIGRAPHY
Lex*ig"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. lexigraphie.]

Defn: The art or practice of defining words; definition of words.

LEXIPHANIC
Lex`i*phan"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Using, or interlarded with, pretentious words; bombastic; as, a
lexiphanic writer or speaker; lexiphanic writing.

LEXIPHANICISM
Lex`i*phan"i*cism, n.

Defn: The use of pretentious words, language, or style.

LEXIPHARMIC
Lex`i*phar"mic, a.

Defn: See Alexipharmic.

LEY
Ley, v. i.

Defn: , & i. To lay; to wager. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEY
Ley, n. Etym: [OF.]

Defn: Law. Abbott.

LEY
Ley, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Lye.

LEY
Ley, n.

Defn: Grass or meadow land; a lea.

LEY
Ley, a.

Defn: Fallow; unseeded. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

LEYDEN JAR; LEYDEN PHIAL
Ley"den jar", Ley"den phi"al, (Elec.)

Defn: A glass jar or bottle used to accumulate electricity. It is
coated with tin foil, within and without, nearly to its top, and is
surmounted by a brass knob which communicates with the inner coating,
for the purpose of charging it with electricity. It is so named from
having been invented in Leyden, Holland.

LEYSER
Ley"ser, n.

Defn: Leisure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LEZE MAJESTY
Leze` maj"es*ty. Etym: [F. lese-majesté, fr. L. laesus, fem. laesa,
injured (see Lesion) + majestas majesty; that is, crimen laesae
majestatis.] [Written also lese majesty.] (Law)

Defn: Any crime committed against the sovereign power.

LHERZOLITE
Lher"zo*lite, n. Etym: [From Lherz, a place in the Pyrenees + -lite.]
(Min.)

Defn: An igneous rock consisting largely of chrysolite, with pyroxene
and picotite (a variety of spinel containing chromium).

LI
Li, n.

1. Chinese measure of distance, being a little more that one third of
a mile.

2. A Chinese copper coin; a cash. See Cash.

LIABILITY
Li`a*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Liabilities (.

1. The state of being liable; as, the liability of an insurer;
liability to accidents; liability to the law.

2. That which one is under obligation to pay, or for which one is
liable. Specifically, in the pl.,

Defn: the sum of one's pecuniary obligations; -- opposed to assets.
Limited liability. See Limited company, under Limited.

LIABLE
Li"a*ble, a. Etym: [From F. lier to bind, L. ligare. Cf. Ally, v. t.,
Ligature.]

1. Bound or obliged in law or equity; responsible; answerable; as,
the surety is liable for the debt of his principal.

2. Exposed to a certain contingency or casualty, more or less
probable; -- with to and an infinitive or noun; as, liable to slip;
liable to accident.

Syn.
 -- Accountable; responsible; answerable; bound; subject; obnoxious;
exposed.
 -- Liable, Subject. Liable refers to a future possible or probable
happening which may not actually occur; as, horses are liable to
slip; even the sagacious are liable to make mistakes. Subject refers
to any actual state or condition belonging to the nature or
circumstances of the person or thing spoken of, or to that which
often befalls one. One whose father was subject to attacks of the
gout is himself liable to have that disease. Men are constantly
subject to the law, but liable to suffer by its infraction.
Proudly secure, yet liable to fall. Milton.
All human things are subject to decay. Dryden.

LIABLENESS
Li"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being liable; liability.

LIAGE
Li"age, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. liage a bond. See Liable.]

Defn: Union by league; alliance. [Obs.]

LIAISON
Li`ai`son", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. ligatio, fr. ligare to bind. See
Ligature, and cf. Ligation.]

Defn: A union, or bond of union; an intimacy; especially, an illicit
intimacy between a man and a woman.

LIANE; LIANA
Li*ane", Li*a"na, n. Etym: [F. liane; prob. akin to lien a band, fr.
L. ligamen, fr. ligare to bind. Cf. Lien, n. ] (Bot.)

Defn: A luxuriant woody plant, climbing high trees and having
ropelike stems. The grapevine often has the habit of a liane. Lianes
are abundant in the forests of the Amazon region.

LIAR
Li"ar, n. Etym: [OE. liere. See Lie to falsify.]

Defn: A person who knowingly utters falsehood; one who lies.

LIARD
Li"ard, a. Etym: [OF. liart, LL. liardus gray, dappie.]

Defn: Gray. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Note: Used by Chaucer as an epithet of a gray or dapple gray horse.
Also used as a name for such a horse.

LIARD
Liard, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A French copper coin of one fourth the value of a sou.

LIAS
Li"as, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lias, fr. liais sort of limestone, OF. also
liois; perh. of Celtic origin, cf. Armor. liach, leach, a stone,
Gael. leac, W. llech. Cf. Cromlech.] (Geol.)

Defn: The lowest of the three divisions of the Jurassic period; a
name given in England and Europe to a series of marine limestones
underlying the Oölite. See the Chart of Geology.

LIASSIC
Li*as"sic, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Of the age of the Lias; pertaining to the Lias Formation.
 -- n.

Defn: Same as Lias.

LIB
Lib, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Glib to geld.]

Defn: To castrate. [Obs.]

LIBAMENT
Lib"a*ment, n. Etym: [L. libamentum.]

Defn: Libation. [Obs.] Holland.

LIBANT
Li"bant, a. Etym: [L. libans, p. pr. of libare to taste, touch.]

Defn: Sipping; touching lightly. [R.] Landor.

LIBATION
Li*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. libatio, fr. libare to take a little from
anything, to taste, to pour out as an offering: cf. F. libation.]

Defn: The act of pouring a liquid or liquor, usually wine, either on
the ground or on a victim in sacrifice, in honor of some deity; also,
the wine or liquid thus poured out. Dryden.
A heathen sacrifice or libation to the earth. Bacon.

LIBATORY
Li"ba*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to libation.

LIBBARD
Lib"bard, n. Etym: [See Leopard.]

Defn: A leopard. [Obs. or Poetic] Spenser. Keats.

LIBBARD'S BANE
Lib"bard's bane`

Defn: . Leopard's bane. [Obs.]

LIBEL
Li"bel, n. Etym: [L. libellus a little book, pamphlet, libel,
lampoon, dim. of liber the liber or inner bark of a tree; also
(because the ancients wrote on this bark), paper, parchment, or a
roll of any material used to write upon, and hence, a book or
treatise: cf. F. libelle.]

1. A brief writing of any kind, esp. a declaration, bill,
certificate, request, supplication, etc. [Obs.] Chaucer.
A libel of forsaking [divorcement]. Wyclif (Matt. v. 31).

2. Any defamatory writing; a lampoon; a satire.

3. (Law)

Defn: A malicious publication expressed either in print or in
writing, or by pictures, effigies, or other signs, tending to expose
another to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule. Such publication is
indictable at common law.

Note: The term, in a more extended sense, includes the publication of
such writings, pictures, and the like, as are of a blasphemous,
treasonable, seditious, or obscene character. These also are
indictable at common law.

4. (Law)

Defn: The crime of issuing a malicious defamatory publication.

5. (Civil Law & Courts of Admiralty)

Defn: A written declaration or statement by the plaintiff of his
cause of action, and of the relief he seeks.

LIBEL
Li"bel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Liebeled or Libelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Libeling or Libelling.]

1. To defame, or expose to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule, by a
writing, picture, sign, etc.; to lampoon.
Some wicked wits have libeled all the fair. Pope.

2. (Law)

Defn: To proceed against by filing a libel, particularly against a
ship or goods.

LIBEL
Li"bel, v. i.

Defn: To spread defamation, written or printed; -- with against.
[Obs.]
What's this but libeling against the senate Shak.
[He] libels now 'gainst each great man. Donne.

LIBELANT
Li"bel*ant, n.

Defn: One who libels; one who institutes a suit in an ecclesiastical
or admiralty court. [Written also libellant.] Cranch.

LIBELER
Li"bel*er, n.

Defn: One who libels. [Written also libeller.] " Libelers of others."
Buckkminster.

LIBELIST
Li"bel*ist, n.

Defn: A libeler.

LI BELLA
Li *bel"la, n. Etym: [L., dim. of libra balance. See Level, n.]

1. A small balance.

2. A level, or leveling instrument.

LIBELLEE
Li`bel*lee", n. (Law)
 (a) The party against whom a libel has been filed; -- corresponding
to defendant in a common law action.
 (b) The defendant in an action of libel.

LIBELLULID
Li*bel"lu*lid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dragon fly.

LIBELLULOID
Li*bel"lu*loid, a. Etym: [NL. Libellula, the name of the typical
genus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the dragon fi

LIBELOUS
Li"bel*ous, a.

Defn: Containing or involving a libel; defamatory; containing that
which exposes some person to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule;
as, a libelous pamphlet. [Written also libellous.] -- Li"bel*ous*ly,
adv.

LIBER
Li"ber, n. Etym: [L. See Libel.] (Bot.)

Defn: The inner bark of plants, lying next to the wood. It usually
contains a large proportion of woody, fibrous cells, and is,
therefore, the part from which the fiber of the plant is obtained, as
that of hemp, etc. Liber cells, elongated woody cells found in the
liber.

LIBERAL
Lib"er*al, a. Etym: [F. libéral, L. liberalis, from liber free; perh.
akin to libet, lubet,it pleases, E. lief. Cf. Deliver.]

1. Free by birth; hence, befitting a freeman or gentleman; refined;
noble; independent; free; not servile or mean; as, a liberal
ancestry; a liberal spirit; liberal arts or studies. " Liberal
education." Macaulay. " A liberal tongue." Shak.

2. Bestowing in a large and noble way, as a freeman; generous;
bounteous; open-handed; as, a liberal giver. " Liberal of praise."
Bacon.
Infinitely good, and of his good As liberal and free as infinite.
Milton.

3. Bestowed in a large way; hence, more than sufficient; abundant;
bountiful; ample; profuse; as, a liberal gift; a liberal discharge of
matter or of water.
His wealth doth warrant a liberal dower. Shak.

4. Not strict or rigorous; not confined or restricted to the literal
sense; free; as, a liberal translation of a classic, or a liberal
construction of law or of language.

5. Not narrow or contracted in mind; not selfish; enlarged in spirit;
catholic.

6. Free to excess; regardless of law or moral restraint; licentious.
" Most like a liberal villain." Shak.

7. Not bound by orthodox tenets or established forms in political or
religious philosophy; independent in opinion; not conservative;
friendly to great freedom in the constitution or administration of
government; having tendency toward democratic or republican, as
distinguished from monarchical or aristocratic, forms; as, liberal
thinkers; liberal Christians; the Liberal party.
I confess I see nothing liberal in this " order of thoughts," as
Hobbes elsewhere expresses it. Hazlitt.

Note: Liberal has of, sometimes with, before the thing bestowed, in
before a word signifying action, and to before a person or object on
which anything is bestowed; as, to be liberal of praise or censure;
liberal with money; liberal in giving; liberal to the poor. The
liberal arts. See under Art.
 -- Liberal education, education that enlarges and disciplines the
mind and makes it master of its own powers, irrespective of the
particular business or profession one may follow.

Syn.
 -- Generous; bountiful; munificent; beneficent; ample; large;
profuse; free.
 -- Liberal, Generous. Liberal is freeborn, and generous is highborn.
The former is opposed to the ordinary feelings of a servile state,
and implies largeness of spirit in giving, judging, acting, etc. The
latter expresses that nobleness of soul which is peculiarly
appropriate to those of high rank, -- a spirit that goes out of self,
and finds its enjoyment in consulting the feelings and happiness of
others. Generosity is measured by the extent of the sacrifices it
makes; liberality, by the warmth of feeling which it manifests.

LIBERAL
Lib"er*al, n.

Defn: One who favors greater freedom in political or religious
matters; an opponent of the established systems; a reformer; in
English politics, a member of the Liberal party, so called. Cf. Whig.

LIBERALISM
Lib"er*al*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. libéralisme.]

Defn: Liberal principles; the principles and methods of the liberals
in politics or religion; specifically, the principles of the Liberal
party.

LIBERALIST
Lib"er*al*ist, n.

Defn: A liberal.

LIBERALISTIC
Lib`er*al*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, liberalism; as,
liberalistic opinions.

LIBERALITY
Lib`er*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Liberalities. Etym: [L. liberalitas: cf. F.
libéralité.]

1. The quality or state of being liberal; liberal disposition or
practice; freedom from narrowness or prejudice; generosity; candor;
charity.
That liberality is but cast away Which makes us borrow what we can
not pay. Denham.

2. A gift; a gratuity; -- sometimes in the plural; as, a prudent man
is not impoverished by his liberalities.

LIBERALIZATION
Lib`er*al*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of liberalizing.

LIBERALIZE
Lib"er*al*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Liberalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Liberalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. libéraliser.]

Defn: To make liberal; to free from narrow views or prejudices.
To open and to liberalize the mind. Burke.

LIBERALIZER
Lib"er*al*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, liberalizes. Emerson.

LIBERALLY
Lib"er*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a liberal manner.

LIBERATE
Lib"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Liberated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Liberating.] Etym: [L. liberatus, p. p. of liberare to free, fr.
liber free. See Liberal, a., and cf. Deliver.]

Defn: To release from restraint or bondage; to set at liberty; to
free; to manumit; to disengage; as, to liberate a slave or prisoner;
to liberate the mind from prejudice; to liberate gases.

Syn.
 -- To deliver; free; release. See Deliver.

LIBERATION
Lib`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. liberatio: cf. F. libération. Cf.
Livraison.]

Defn: The act of liberating or the state of being liberated.
This mode of analysis requires perfect liberation from all prejudged
system. Pownall.

LIBERATOR
Lib"er*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who, or that which, liberates; a deliverer.

LIBERATORY
Lib"er*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending, or serving, to liberate. [R.]

LIBERTARIAN
Lib`er*ta"ri*an, a. Etym: [See Liberty.]

Defn: Pertaining to liberty, or to the doctrine of free will, as
opposed to the doctrine of necessity.

LIBERTARIAN
Lib`er*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who holds to the doctrine of free will.

LIBERTARIANISM
Lib`er*ta"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: Libertarian principles or doctrines.

LIBERTICIDE
Lib"er*ti*cide, n. Etym: [L. libertas liberty + caedere to kill: cf.
(for sense 2) F. liberticide.]

1. The destruction of civil liberty.

2. A destroyer of civil liberty. B. F. Wade.

LIBERTINAGE
Lib"er*tin*age n. Etym: [Cf. F. libertinage. See Libertine.]

Defn: Libertinism; license. [R.]

LIBERTINE
Lib"er*tine, n. Etym: [L. libertinus freedman, from libertus one made
free, fr. liber free: cf. F. libertin. See Liberal.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A manumitted slave; a freedman; also, the son of a freedman.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of Anabaptists, in the fifteenth and early part
of the sixteenth century, who rejected many of the customs and
decencies of life, and advocated a community of goods and of women.

3. One free from restraint; one who acts according to his impulses
and desires; now, specifically, one who gives rein to lust; a rake; a
debauchee.
Like a puffed and reckless libertine, Himself the primrose path of
dalliance treads. Shak.

4. A defamatory name for a freethinker. [Obsoles.]

LIBERTINE
Lib"er*tine, a. Etym: [L. libertinus of a freedman: cf. F. libertin.
See Libertine, n. ]

1. Free from restraint; uncontrolled. [Obs.]
You are too much libertine. Beau. & Fl.

2. Dissolute; licentious; profligate; loose in morals; as, libertine
principles or manners. Bacon.

LIBERTINISM
Lib"er*tin*ism, n.

1. The state of a libertine or freedman. [R.] Hammond.

2. Licentious conduct; debauchery; lewdness.

3. Licentiousness of principle or opinion.
That spirit of religion and seriousness vanished all at once, and a
spirit of liberty and libertinism, of infidelity and profaneness,
started up in the room of it. Atterbury.

LIBERTY
Lib"er*ty, n.; pl. Liberties (. Etym: [OE. liberte, F. liberté, fr.
L. libertas, fr. liber free. See Liberal.]

1. The state of a free person; exemption from subjection to the will
of another claiming ownership of the person or services; freedom; --
opposed to slavery, serfdom, bondage, or subjection.
But ye . . . caused every man his servant, and every man his handmaid
whom he had set at liberty at their pleasure, to return, and brought
them into subjection. Jer. xxxiv. 16.
Delivered fro the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of
the sons of God. Bible, 1551. Rom. viii. 21.

2. Freedom from imprisonment, bonds, or other restraint upon
locomotion.
Being pent from liberty, as I am now. Shak.

3. A privilege conferred by a superior power; permission granted;
leave; as, liberty given to a child to play, or to a witness to leave
a court, and the like.

4. Privilege; exemption; franchise; immunity enjoyed by prescription
or by grant; as, the liberties of the commercial cities of Europe.
His majesty gave not an entire county to any; much less did he grant
. . . any extraordinary liberties. Sir J. Davies.

5. The place within which certain immunities are enjoyed, or
jurisdiction is exercised. [Eng.]
Brought forth into some public or open place within the liberty of
the city, and there . . . burned. Fuller.

6. A certain amount of freedom; permission to go freely within
certain limits; also, the place or limits within which such freedom
is exercised; as, the liberties of a prison.

7. A privilege or license in violation of the laws of etiquette or
propriety; as, to permit, or take, a liberty.
He was repeatedly provoked into striking those who had taken
liberties with him. Macaulay.

8. The power of choice; freedom from necessity; freedom from
compulsion or constraint in willing.
The idea of liberty is the idea of a power in any agent to do or
forbear any particular action, according to the determination or
thought of the mind, whereby either of them is preferred to the
other. Locke.
This liberty of judgment did not of necessity lead to lawlessness. J.
A. Symonds.

9. (Manege)

Defn: A curve or arch in a bit to afford room for the tongue of the
horse.

10. (Naut.)

Defn: Leave of absence; permission to go on shore. At liberty. (a)
Unconfined; free. (b) At leisure.
 -- Civil liberty, exemption from arbitrary interference with person,
opinion, or property, on the part of the government under which one
lives, and freedom to take part in modifying that government or its
laws.
 -- Liberty bell. See under Bell.
 -- Liberty cap. (a) The Roman pileus which was given to a slave at
his manumission. (b) A limp, close-fitting cap with which the head of
representations of the goddess of liberty is often decked. It is
sometimes represented on a spear or a liberty pole.
 -- Liberty of the press, freedom to print and publish without
official supervision. Liberty party, the party, in the American
Revolution, which favored independence of England; in more recent
usage, a party which favored the emancipation of the slaves.
 -- Liberty pole, a tall flagstaff planted in the ground, often
surmounted by a liberty cap. [U. S.] -- Moral liberty, that liberty
of choice which is essential to moral responsibility.
 -- Religious liberty, freedom of religious opinion and worship.

Syn.
 -- Leave; permission; license.
 -- Liberty, Freedom. These words, though often interchanged, are
distinct in some of of their applications. Liberty has reference to
previous restraint; freedom, to the simple, unrepressed exercise of
our powers. A slave is set at liberty; his master had always been in
a state of freedom. A prisoner under trial may ask liberty (exemption
from restraint) to speak his sentiments with freedom (the spontaneous
and bold utterance of his feelings), The liberty of the press is our
great security for freedom of thought.

LIBETHENITE
Li*beth"en*ite, n. Etym: [From Libethen, in Hungary, where it was
first found.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of an olive-green color, commonly in orthorhombic
crystals. It is a hydrous phosphate of copper.

LIBIDINIST
Li*bid"i*nist, n. Etym: [See Libidinous.]

Defn: One given to lewdness.

LIBIDINOSITY
Li*bid`i*nos"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being libidinous; libidinousness.
Skelton.

LIBIDINOUS
Li*bid"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. libidinosus, fr. libido, libidinis,
pleasure, desire, lust, fr. libet, lubet, it pleases: cf. F.
libidineux. See Lief.]

Defn: Having lustful desires; characterized by lewdness; sensual;
lascivious.
 -- Li*bid"i*nous*ly, adv.
 -- Li*bid"i*nous*ness, n.

Syn.
 -- Lewd; lustful; lascivious; unchaste; impure; sensual; licentious;
lecherous; salacious.

LIBKEN; LIBKIN
Lib"ken, Lib"kin, n. Etym: [AS. libban, F. live, v. i. + -kin.]

Defn: A house or lodging. [Old Slang] B. Jonson.

LIBRA
Li"bra, n.; pl. Libræ. Etym: [L., a balance.] (Astron.)
(a) The Balance; the seventh sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters
at the autumnal equinox in September, marked thus libra in almanacs,
etc. (b ) A southern constellation between Virgo and Scorpio.

LIBRAL
Li"bral, a. Etym: [L. libralis, fr. libra the Roman pound.]

Defn: Of a pound weight. [Obs.] Johnson.

LIBRARIAN
Li*bra"ri*an, n. Etym: [See Library.]

1. One who has the care or charge of a library.

2. One who copies manuscript books. [Obs.] Broome.

LIBRARIANSHIP
Li*bra"ri*an*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a librarian.

LIBRARY
Li"bra*ry, n.; pl. Libraries. Etym: [OE. librairie, F. librairie
bookseller's shop, book trade, formerly, a library, fr. libraire
bookseller, L. librarius, from liber book; cf. libraria bookseller's
shop, librarium bookcase, It. libreria. See Libel.]

1. A considerable collection of books kept for use, and not as
merchandise; as, a private library; a public library.

2. A building or apartment appropriated for holding such a collection
of books. Holland.

LIBRATE
Li"brate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Librated p. pr. & & vb. n. Librating.]
Etym: [L. libratus, p. p. of librare to balance, to make even, fr.
libra.Cf. Level, Deliberate, Equilibrium.]

Defn: To vibrate as a balance does before resting in equilibrium;
hence, to be poised.
Their parts all liberate on too nice a beam. Clifton.

LIBRATE
Li"brate, v. i.

Defn: To poise; to balance.

LIBRATION
Li*bra"tion, n. Etym: [L. libratio: cf. F. libration.]

1. The act or state of librating. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A real or apparent libratory motion, like that of a balance
before coming to rest. Libration of the moon, any one of those small
periodical changes in the position of the moon's surface relatively
to the earth, in consequence of which narrow portions at opposite
limbs become visible or invisible alternately. It receives different
names according to the manner in which it takes place; as: (a)
Libration in longitude, that which, depending on the place of the
moon in its elliptic orbit, causes small portions near the eastern
and western borders alternately to appear and disappear each month.
(b) Libration in latitude, that which depends on the varying position
of the moon's axis in respect to the spectator, causing the alternate
appearance and disappearance of either pole. (c) Diurnal or
parallactic libration, that which brings into view on the upper limb,
at rising and setting, some parts not in the average visible
hemisphere.

LIBRATORY
Li"bra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Balancing; moving like a balance, as it tends to an equipoise
or level.

LIBRETTIST
Li*bret"tist, n.

Defn: One who makes a libretto.

LIBRETTO
Li*bret"to, n.; pl. E. Librettos, It. Libretti. Etym: [It., dim. of
libro book, L. liber. See Libel.] (Mus.)
(a) A book containing the words of an opera or extended piece of
music.
(b) The words themselves.

LIBRIFORM
Li"bri*form, a. Etym: [Liber + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of liber, or resembling liber. Libriform cells,
peculiar wood cells which are very slender and relatively thick-
walled, and occasionally are furnished with bordered pits. Goodale.

LIBYAN
Lib"y*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Libya, the ancient name of that part of
Africa between Egypt and the Atlantic Ocean, or of Africa as a whole.

LICE
Lice, n.;

Defn: pl. of Louse.

LICENSABLE
Li"cens*a*ble, a.

Defn: That can be licensed.

LICENSE
Li"cense, n. [Written also licence.] Etym: [F. licence, L. licentia,
fr. licere to be permitted, prob. orig., to be left free to one; akin
to linquere to leave. See Loan, and cf. Illicit, Leisure.]

1. Authority or liberty given to do or forbear any act; especially, a
formal permission from the proper authorities to perform certain acts
or to carry on a certain business, which without such permission
would be illegal; a grant of permission; as, a license to preach, to
practice medicine, to sell gunpowder or intoxicating liquors.
To have a license and a leave at London to dwell. P. Plowman.

2. The document granting such permission. Addison.

3. Excess of liberty; freedom abused, or used in contempt of law or
decorum; disregard of law or propriety.
License they mean when they cry liberty. Milton.

4. That deviation from strict fact, form, or rule, in which an artist
or writer indulges, assuming that it will be permitted for the sake
of the advantage or effect gained; as, poetic license; grammatical
license, etc.

Syn.
 -- Leave; liberty; permission.

LICENSE
Li"cense, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Licensed; p. pr. & vb. n. Licensing.]

Defn: To permit or authorize by license; to give license to; as, to
license a man to preach. Milton. Shak.

LICENSED
Li"censed, a.

Defn: Having a license; permitted or authorized by license; as, a
licensed victualer; a licensed traffic. Licensed victualer, one who
has a license to keep an in or eating house; esp., a victualer who
has a license to sell intoxicating liquors.

LICENSEE
Li`cen*see", n. (Law)

Defn: The person to whom a license is given.

LICENSER
Li"cens*er, n.

Defn: One who gives a license; as, a licenser of the press.

LICENSURE
Li"cen*sure, n.

Defn: A licensing. [R.]

LICENTIATE
Li*cen"ti*ate, n. Etym: [LL. licentiatus, fr. licentiare to allow to
do anything, fr. L. licentia license. See License, n.]

1. One who has a license to exercise a profession; as, a licentiate
in medicine or theology.
The college of physicians, in July, 1687, published an edict,
requiring all the fellows, candidates, and licentiates, to give
gratuitous advice to the neighboring poor. Johnson.

2. A friar authorized to receive confessions and grant absolution in
all places, independently of the local clergy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. One who acts without restraint, or takes a liberty, as if having a
license therefor. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

4. On the continent of Europe, a university degree intermediate
between that of bachelor and that of doctor.

LICENTIATE
Li*cen"ti*ate, v. t.

Defn: To give a license to. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

LICENTIOUS
Li*cen"tious, a. Etym: [L. licentiosus: cf. F. licencieux. See
License.]

1. Characterized by license; passing due bounds; excessive; abusive
of freedom; wantonly offensive; as, a licentious press.
A wit that no licentious pertness knows. Savage.

2. Unrestrained by law or morality; lawless; immoral; dissolute;
lewd; lascivious; as, a licentious man; a licentious life.
"Licentious wickedness." Shak.

Syn.
 -- Unrestrained; uncurbed; uncontrolled; unruly; riotous;
ungovernable; wanton; profligate; dissolute; lax; loose; sensual;
impure; unchaste; lascivious; immoral.
 -- Li*cen"tious*ly, adv.
 -- Li*cen"tious*ness, n.

LICH
Lich, a.

Defn: Like. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

LICH
Lich, n. Etym: [AS.lic body. See Like, a.]

Defn: A dead body; a corpse. [Obs.] Lich fowl (Zoöl.), the European
goatsucker; -- called also lich owl.
 -- Lich gate, a covered gate through which the corpse was carried to
the church or burial place, and where the bier was placed to await
clergyman; a corpse gate. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
 -- Lich wake, the wake, or watching, held over a corpse before
burial. [Prov Eng.] Chaucer.
 -- Lich wall, the wall of a churchyard or burying ground.
 -- Lich way, the path by which the dead are carried to the grave.
[Prov. Eng.]

LICHEN
Li"chen, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: One of a class of cellular, flowerless plants, (technically
called Lichenes), having no distinction of leaf and stem, usually of
scaly, expanded, frond-like forms, but sometimes erect or pendulous
and variously branched. They derive their nourishment from the air,
and generate by means of spores. The species are very widely
distributed, and form irregular spots or patches, usually of a
greenish or yellowish color, upon rocks, trees, and various bodies,
to which they adhere with great tenacity. They are often improperly
called rock moss or tree moss.

Note: A favorite modern theory of lichens (called after its inventor
the Schwendener hypothesis), is that they are not autonomous plants,
but that they consist of ascigerous fungi, parasitic on algæ. Each
lichen is composed of white filaments and green, or greenish, rounded
cells, and it is argued that the two are of different nature, the one
living at the expense of the other. See Hyphæ, and Gonidia.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A name given to several varieties of skin disease, esp. to one
characterized by the eruption of small, conical or flat, reddish
pimples, which, if unchecked, tend to spread and produce great and
even fatal exhaustion.

LICHENED
Li"chened, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or covered with, lichens. Tennyson.

LICHENIC
Li*chen"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, lichens. Lichenic acid.
(a) An organic acid, C14H24O3 obtained from Iceland moss. (b) An old
name of fumaric acid.

LICHENIFORM
Li*chen"i*form, a.

Defn: Having the form of a lichen.

LICHENIN
Li"chen*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance isomeric with starch, extracted from several
species of moss and lichen, esp. from Iceland moss.

LICHENOGRAPHIC; LICHENOGRAPHICAL
Li"chen*o*graph"ic, Li`chen*o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
lichénographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to lichenography.

LICHENOGRAPHIST
Li`chen*og"ra*phist, n.

Defn: One who describes lichens; one versed in lichenography.

LICHENOGRAPHY
Li`chen*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Lichen + -graphy: cf. F.
lichénographie.]

Defn: A description of lichens; the science which illustrates the
natural history of lichens.

LICHENOLOGIST
Li`chen*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in lichenology.

LICHENOLOGY
Li`chen*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Lichen + -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of lichens.

LICHENOUS
Li"chen*ous, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, lichens; abounding in
lichens; covered with lichens. G. Eliot.

LICHI
Li"chi`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Litchi.

LICHWALE
Lich"wale`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The gromwell.

LICHWORT
Lich"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An herb, the wall pellitory. See Pellitory.

LICIT
Lic"it, a. Etym: [L.licitus permitted, lawful, from licere: cf. F.
licite. See License.]

Defn: Lawful. "Licit establishments." Carlyle.
 -- Lic"it*ly, adv.
 -- Lic"it*ness, n.

LICITATION
Lic`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. licitatio, fr. licitari, liceri, to bid,
offer a price.]

Defn: The act of offering for sale to the highest bidder. [R.]

LICK
Lick, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Licked; p. pr. & vb. n. Licking.] Etym:
[AS. liccian; akin to OS. likk, D. likken, OHG. lecch, G. lecken,
Goth. bi-laig, Russ. lizate, L. lingere, Gr. lih, rih. . Cf. Lecher,
Relish.]

1. To draw or pass the tongue over; as, a dog licks his master's
hand. Addison.

2. To lap; to take in with the tongue; as, a dog or cat licks milk.
Shak. To lick the dust, to be slain; to fall in battle. "His enemies
shall lick the dust." Ps. lxxii. 9.
 -- To lick into shape, to give proper form to; -- from a notion that
the bear's cubs are born shapeless and subsequently formed by
licking. Hudibras.
 -- To lick the spittle of, to fawn upon. South.
 -- To lick up, to take all of by licking; to devour; to consume
entirely. Shak. Num. xxii. 4.

LICK
Lick, n. Etym: [See Lick, v.]

1. A stroke of the tongue in licking. "A lick at the honey pot."
Dryden.

2. A quick and careless application of anything, as if by a stroke of
the tongue, or of something which acts like a tongue; as, to put on
colors with a lick of the brush. Also, a small quantity of any
substance so applied. [Colloq.]
A lick of court white wash. Gray.

3. A place where salt is found on the surface of the earth, to which
wild animals resort to lick it up; -- often, but not always, near
salt springs. [U. S.]

LICK
Lick, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OSw. lägga to place, strike, prick.]

Defn: To strike with repeated blows for punishment; to flog; to whip
or conquer, as in a pugilistic encounter. [Colloq. or Low] Carlyle.
Thackeray.

LICK
Lick, n.

Defn: A slap; a quick stroke.[Colloq.] "A lick across the face."
Dryden.

LICKER
Lick"er, n. Etym: [Cf. Lecher.]

Defn: One who, or that which, licks. Licker in (Carding Machine), the
drum, or cylinder, by which the lap is taken from the feed rollers.

LICKERISH
Lick"er*ish, a. Etym: [Cf. Lecherous.]

1. Eager; craving; urged by desire; eager to taste or enjoy; greedy.
"The lickerish palate of the glutton." Bp. Hall.

2. Tempting the appetite; dainty. "Lickerish baits, fit to insnare a
brute." Milton.

3. lecherous; lustful. Robert of Brunne.
 -- Lick"er*ish*ly, adv.
 -- Lick"er*ish*ness, n.

LICKEROUS
Lick"er*ous, a.

Defn: Lickerish; eager; lustful. [Obs.] -- Lick"er*ous*ness, n.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

LICKING
Lick"ing, n.

1. A lapping with the tongue.

2. A flogging or castigation. [Colloq. or Low]

LICKPENNY
Lick"pen`ny, n.

Defn: A devourer or absorber of money. "Law is a lickpenny." Sir W.
Scott.

LICK-SPIGOT
Lick"-spig`ot, n.

Defn: A tapster. [Obs.]

LICK-SPITTLE
Lick"-spit`tle, n.

Defn: An abject flatterer or parasite. Theodore Hook.

LICORICE
Lic"o*rice, n. Etym: [OE. licoris, though old French, fr. L.
liquiritia, corrupted fr. glycyrrhiza, Gr. Glycerin, Glycyrrhiza,
Wort.] [Written also liquorice.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Glycyrrhiza (G. glabra), the root of which
abounds with a juice, and is much used in demulcent compositions.

2. The inspissated juice of licorice root, used as a confection and
medicinal purposes. Licorice fern (Bot.), a name of several kinds of
polypody which have rootstocks of a sweetish flavor.
 -- Licorice sugar. (Chem.) See Glycyrrhizin.
 -- Licorice weed (Bot.), the tropical plant Scapania aulcis.
 -- Mountain licorice (Bot.), a kind of clover (Trifolium alpinum),
found in the Alps. It has large purplish flowers and a sweetish
perennial rootstock.
 -- Wild licorice. (Bot.) (a) The North American perennial herb
Glycyrrhiza lepidota. (b) Certain broad-leaved cleavers (Galium
circæzans and G. lanceolatum). (c) The leguminous climber Abrus
precatorius, whose scarlet and black seeds are called black-eyed
Susans. Its roots are used as a substitute for those of true licorice
(Glycyrrhiza glabra).

LICOROUS
Lic"o*rous, a.

Defn: See Lickerish.
 -- Lic"o*rous*ness, n. [Obs.] Herbert.

LICOUR
Lic"our, n.

Defn: Liquor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LICTOR
Lic"tor, n. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An officer who bore an ax and fasces or rods, as ensigns of his
office. His duty was to attend the chief magistrates when they
appeared in public, to clear the way, and cause due respect to be
paid to them, also to apprehend and punish criminals.
Lictors and rods, the ensigns of their power. Milton.

LID
Lid, n. Etym: [AS. hlid, fr. hlidan (in comp.) to cover, shut; akin
to OS. hlidan (in comp.), D. lid, OHG. hlit, G. augenlid eyelid,
Icel. hli gate, gateway.

1. That which covers the opening of a vessel or box, etc. ; a movable
cover; as, the lid of a chest or trunk.

2. The cover of the eye; an eyelid. Shak.
Tears, big tears, gushed from the rough soldier's lid. Byron.

3. (Bot.)
(a) The cover of the spore cases of mosses.
(b) A calyx which separates from the flower, and falls off in a
single piece, as in the Australian Eucalypti.
(c) The top of an ovary which opens transversely, as in the fruit of
the purslane and the tree which yields Brazil nuts.

LIDDED
Lid"ded, a.

Defn: Covered with a lid. Keats.

LIDGE
Lidge, n.

Defn: Same Ledge.[Obs.] Spenser.

LIDLESS
Lid"less, a.

Defn: Having no lid, or not covered with the lids, as the eyes;
hence, sleepless; watchful.
A lidless watcher of the public weal. Tennyson.

LIE
Lie, n.

Defn: See Lye.

LIE
Lie, n. Etym: [AS. lyge; akin to D. leugen, OHG. lugi, G. lüge, lug,
Icel. lygi, Dan. & Sw. lögn, Goth. liugn. See Lie to utter a
falsehood.]

1. A falsehood uttered or acted for the purpose of deception; an
intentional violation of truth; an untruth spoken with the intention
to deceive.
It is willful deceit that makes a lie. A man may act a lie, as by
pointing his finger in a wrong direction when a traveler inquires of
him his road. Paley.

2. A fiction; a fable; an untruth. Dryden.

3. Anything which misleads or disappoints.
Wishing this lie of life was o'er. Trench.
To give the lie to. (a) To charge with falsehood; as, the man gave
him the lie. (b) To reveal to be false; as, a man's actions may give
the lie to his words.
 -- White lie, a euphemism for such lies as one finds it convenient
to tell, and excuses himself for telling.

Syn.
 -- Untruth; falsehood; fiction; deception.
 -- lie, Untruth. A man may state what is untrue from ignorance or
misconception; hence, to impute an untruth to one is not necessarily
the same as charging him with a lie. Every lie is an untruth, but not
every untruth is a lie. Cf. Falsity.

LIE
Lie, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lied; p. pr. & vb. n. Lying.] Etym: [OE.
lien, li, le, leo, AS. leógan; akin to D. liegen, OS. & OHG. liogan,
G. lügen, Icel. lj, Sw. ljuga, Dan.lyve, Goth. liugan, Russ. lgate.]

Defn: To utter falsehood with an intention to deceive; to say or do
that which is intended to deceive another, when he a right to know
the truth, or when morality requires a just representation.

LIE
Lie, v. i. [imp. Lay; p. p. Lain, (Lien (, [Obs.]); p. pr. & vb. n.
Lying.] Etym: [OE. lien, liggen, AS. licgan; akin to D. liggen, OHG.
ligen, licken, G. liegen, Icel. liggja, Sw. ligga, Dan. ligge, Goth.
ligan, Russ. lejate, L. lectus bed, Gr. Lair, Law, Lay, v. t.,
Litter, Low, adj.]

1. To rest extended on the ground, a bed, or any support; to be, or
to put one's self, in an horizontal position, or nearly so; to be
prostate; to be stretched out; -- often with down, when predicated of
living creatures; as, the book lies on the table; the snow lies on
the roof; he lies in his coffin.
The watchful traveler . . . Lay down again, and closed his weary
eyes. Dryden.

2. To be situated; to occupy a certain place; as, Ireland lies west
of England; the meadows lie along the river; the ship lay in port.

3. To abide; to remain for a longer or shorter time; to be in a
certain state or condition; as, to lie waste; to lie fallow; to lie
open; to lie hid; to lie grieving; to lie under one's displeasure; to
lie at the mercy of the waves; the paper does not lie smooth on the
wall.

4. To be or exist; to belong or pertain; to have an abiding place; to
consist; -- with in.
Envy lies between beings equal in nature, though unequal in
circumstances. Collier.
He that thinks that diversion may not lie in hard labor, forgets the
early rising and hard riding of huntsmen. Locke.

5. To lodge; to sleep.
Whiles I was now trifling at home, I saw London, . . . where I lay
one night only. Evelyn.
Mr. Quinion lay at our house that night. Dickens.

6. To be still or quiet, like one lying down to rest.
The wind is loud and will not lie. Shak.

7. (Law)

Defn: To be sustainable; to be capable of being maintained. "An
appeal lies in this case." Parsons.

Note: Through ignorance or carelessness speakers and writers often
confuse the forms of the two distinct verbs lay and lie. Lay is a
transitive verb, and has for its preterit laid; as, he told me to lay
it down, and I laid it down. Lie is intransitive, and has for its
preterit lay; as, he told me to lie down, and I lay down. Some
persons blunder by using laid for the preterit of lie; as, he told me
to lie down, and I laid down. So persons often say incorrectly, the
ship laid at anchor; they laid by during the storm; the book was
laying on the shelf, etc. It is only necessary to remember, in all
such cases, that laid is the preterit of lay, and not of lie. To lie
along the shore (Naut.), to coast, keeping land in sight.
 -- To lie at the door of, to be imputable to; as, the sin, blame,
etc., lies at your door.
 -- To lie at the heart, to be an object of affection, desire, or
anxiety. Sir W. Temple.
 -- To lie at the mercy of, to be in the power of.
 -- To lie by. (a) To remain with; to be at hand; as, he has the
manuscript lying by him. (b) To rest; to intermit labor; as, we lay
by during the heat of the day.
 -- To lie hard or heavy, to press or weigh; to bear hard.
 -- To lie in, to be in childbed; to bring forth young.
 -- To lie in one, to be in the power of; to belong to. "As much as
lieth in you, live peaceably with all men." Rom. xii. 18.
 -- To lie in the way, to be an obstacle or impediment.
 -- To lie in wait , to wait in concealment; to lie in ambush.
 -- To lie on or upon. (a) To depend on; as, his life lies on the
result. (b) To bear, rest, press, or weigh on.
 -- To lie low, to remain in concealment or inactive. [Slang] -- To
lie on hand, To lie on one's hands, to remain unsold or unused; as,
the goods are still lying on his hands; they have too much time lying
on their hands.
 -- To lie on the head of, to be imputed to.
What he gets more of her than sharp words, let it lie on my head.
Shak.
-- To lie over. (a) To remain unpaid after the time when payment is
due, as a note in bank. (b) To be deferred to some future occasion,
as a resolution in a public deliberative body.
 -- To lie to (Naut.), to stop or delay; especially, to head as near
the wind as possible as being the position of greatest safety in a
gale; -- said of a ship. Cf. To bring to, under Bring.
 -- To lie under, to be subject to; to suffer; to be oppressed by.
 -- To lie with. (a) To lodge or sleep with. (b) To have sexual
intercourse with. (c) To belong to; as, it lies with you to make
amends.

LIE
Lie, n.

Defn: The position or way in which anything lies; the lay, as of land
or country. J. H. Newman.
He surveyed with his own eyes . . . the lie of the country on the
side towards Thrace. Jowett (Thucyd.).

LIEBERKUHN; LIEBERKUEHN
Lie"ber*kühn, n. Etym: [Named after a German physician and instrument
maker, J. n. Lieberkühn.] (Optics)

Defn: A concave metallic mirror attached to the object-glass end of a
microscope, to throw down light on opaque objects; a reflector.

LIEBERKUHN'S GLANDS; LIEBERKUEHN'S GLANDS
Lie"ber*kühn's glands`. Etym: [See Lieberkühn.] (Anat.)

Defn: The simple tubular glands of the small intestines; -- called
also crypts of Lieberkühn.

LIED
Lied, n. ; pl. Lieder. Etym: [G.] (Mus.)

Defn: A lay; a German song. It differs from the French chanson, and
the Italian canzone, all three being national.
The German Lied is perhaps the most faithful reflection of the
national sentiment. Grove.

LIEDERKRANZ
Lie"der*kranz, n. [G. See Lied, and Grants.] (Mus.)

Defn: Lit., wreath of songs; -- used as the title of a group of
songs, and esp. as the common name for German vocal clubs of men.

LIEDERTAFEL
Lie"der*ta`fel, n. Etym: [G., lit., a song table.] (Mus.)

Defn: A popular name for any society or club which meets for the
practice of male part songs.

LIEF
Lief, n.

Defn: Same as Lif.

LIEF
Lief, a. [Written also lieve.] Etym: [OE. leef, lef, leof, AS. leóf;
akin to OS.liof, OFries. liaf, D. lief, G. lieb, OHG. liob, Icel. lj,
Sw.ljuf, Goth. liubs, and E. love. sq. root124. See Love, and cf.
Believe, Leave, n., Furlough, Libidinous.]

1. Dear; beloved. [Obs., except in poetry.] "My liefe mother."
Chaucer. "My liefest liege." Shak.
As thou art lief and dear. Tennyson.

2.

Note: (Used with a form of the verb to be, and the dative of the
personal pronoun.)

Defn: Pleasing; agreeable; acceptable; preferable. [Obs.] See Lief,
adv., and Had as lief, under Had.
Full lief me were this counsel for to hide. Chaucer.
Death me liefer were than such despite. Spenser.

3. Willing; disposed. [Obs.]
I am not lief to gab. Chaucer.
He up arose, however lief or loth. Spenser.

LIEF
Lief, n.

Defn: A dear one; a sweetheart. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LIEF
Lief, adv.

Defn: Gladly; willingly; freely; -- now used only in the phrases, had
as lief, and would as lief; as, I had, or would, as lief go as not.
All women liefest would Be sovereign of man's love. Gower.
I had as lief the town crier spoke my lines. Shak.
Far liefer by his dear hand had I die. Tennyson.

Note: The comparative liefer with had or would, and followed by the
infinitive, either with or without the sign to, signifies prefer,
choose as preferable, would or had rather. In the 16th century rather
was substituted for liefer in such constructions in literary English,
and has continued to be generally so used. See Had as lief, Had
rather, etc. , under Had.

LIEFSOME
Lief"some, a.

Defn: Pleasing; delightful. [Obs.]

LIEGANCE
Lieg"ance, n.

Defn: Same as Ligeance.

LIEGE
Liege, a. Etym: [OE. lige, lege, F. lige, LL. ligius, legius, liege,
unlimited, complete, prob. of German origin; cf. G. ledig free from
bonds and obstacles, MHG. ledec, ledic, lidic, freed, loosed, and
Charta Ottonis de Benthem, ann. ligius homo quod Teutonicè dicitur
ledigman," i. e., uni soli homagio obligatus, free from all
obligations to others; influenced by L.ligare to bind. G. ledig perh.
orig. meant, free to go where one pleases, and is perh. akin to
E.lead to conduct. Cf. Lead to guide.]

1. Sovereign; independent; having authority or right to allegiance;
as, a liege lord. Chaucer.
She looked as grand as doomsday and as grave; And he, he reverenced
his liege lady there. Tennyson.

2. serving an independent sovereign or master; bound by a feudal
tenure; obliged to be faithful and loyal to a superior, as a vassal
to his lord; faithful; loyal; as, a liege man; a liege subject.

3. (Old Law)

Defn: Full; perfect; complete; pure. Burrill. Liege homage (Feudal
Custom), that homage of one sovereign or prince to another which
acknowledged an obligation of fealty and services.
 -- Liege poustie Etym: [L. legitima potestas] (Scots Law), perfect,
i. e., legal, power; specif., having health requisite to do legal
acts.
 -- Liege widowhood, perfect, i. e., pure, widowhood. [Obs.]

LIEGE
Liege, n.

1. A free and independent person; specif., a lord paramount; a
sovereign. Mrs. Browning.
The anointed sovereign of sighs and groans, Liege of all loiterers
and malcontents. Shak.

2. The subject of a sovereign or lord; a liegeman.
A liege lord seems to have been a lord of a free band; and his
lieges, though serving under him, were privileged men, free from all
other obligations, their name being due to their freedom, not to
their service. Skeat.

LIEGEMAN
Liege"man, n.; pl. Liegemen (.

Defn: Same as Liege, n., 2. Chaucer. Spenser.

LIEGER
Lie"ger, n. Etym: [See Leger, Ledger.]

Defn: A resident ambassador. [Obs.] See Leger. Denham.

LIEGIANCY
Lie"gian*cy, n.

Defn: See Ligeance.

LIEN
Li"en, obs. p. p.

Defn: of Lie. See lain. Ps. lxviii. 13.

LIEN
Lien, n. Etym: [F. lien band, bond, tie, fr. L. ligamen, fr. ligare
to bind. Cf. League a union, Leam a string, Leamer, Ligament.] (Law)

Defn: A legal claim; a charge upon real or personal property for the
satisfaction of some debt or duty; a right in one to control or hold
and retain the property of another until some claim of the former is
paid or satisfied.

LIENAL
Li*e"nal, a. Etym: [L. lien the spleen.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the spleen; splenic.

LIENCULUS
Li*en"cu*lus, n.; pl. Lienculi. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. lien the
spleen.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the small nodules sometimes found in the neighborhood of
the spleen; an accessory or supplementary spleen.

LIENO-INTESTINAL
Li*e`no-in*tes"ti*nal, a. Etym: [l. lien the spleen + E. intestinal.]
(Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the spleen and intestine; as, the lieno-
intestinal vein of the frog.

LIENTERIC
Li`en*ter"ic, a. Etym: [L. lientericus, Gr. lientérique. See
Lientery.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, a lientery.
 -- n. (Med.)

Defn: A lientery. Grew.

LIENTERY
Li"en*ter*y, n. Etym: [Gr. lientérie.] (Med.)

Defn: A diarrhea, in which the food is discharged imperfectly
digested, or with but little change. Dunglison.

LIER
Li"er, n. Etym: [From Lie. ]

Defn: One who lies down; one who rests or remains, as in concealment.
There were liers in a ambush against him. Josh. viii. 14.

LIERNE RIB
Lierne" rib`. Etym: [F. lierne.] (Arch.)

Defn: In Gothic vaulting, any rib which does not spring from the
impost and is not a ridge rib, but passes from one boss or
intersection of the principal ribs to another.

LIEU
Lieu, n. Etym: [F., OF. also liu, leu, lou, fr. L. locus place. See
Local, Locus.]

Defn: Place; room; stead; -- used only in the phrase in lieu of, that
is, instead of.
The plan of extortion had been adopted in lieu of the scheme of
confiscation. Burke.

LIEUTENANCY
Lieu*ten"an*cy, n.

1. The office, rank, or commission, of a lieutenant.

2. The body of lieutenants or subordinates. [Obs.]
The list of the lieutenancy of our metropolis. Felton.

LIEUTENANT
Lieu*ten"ant, n. Etym: [F., fr. lieu place + tenant holding, p. pr.
of tenir to hold, L. tenere. See Lieu, and Tenant, and cf. Locum
tenens.]

1. An officer who supplies the place of a superior in his absence; a
representative of, or substitute for, another in the performance of
any duty.
The lawful magistrate, who is the vicegerent or lieutenant of God.
Abp. Bramhall.

2.
(a) A commissioned officer in the army, next below a captain.
(b) A commissioned officer in the British navy, in rank next below a
commander.
(c) A commissioned officer in the United States navy, in rank next
below a lieutenant commander.

Note: Lieutenant is often used, either adjectively or in hyphened
compounds, to denote an officer, in rank next below another,
especially when the duties of the higher officer may devolve upon the
lower one; as, lieutenant general, or lieutenant-general; lieutenant
colonel, or lieutenant-colonel; lieutenant governor, etc. Deputy
lieutenant, the title of any one of the deputies or assistants of the
lord lieutenant of a county. [Eng.] -- Lieutenant colonel, an army
officer next in rank above major, and below colonel.
 -- Lieutenant commander, an officer in the United States navy, in
rank next below a commander and next above a lieutenant.
 -- Lieutenant general. See in Vocabulary.
 -- Lieutenant governor. (a) An officer of a State, being next in
rank to the governor, and in case of the death or resignation of the
latter, himself acting as governor. [U. S.] (b) A deputy governor
acting as the chief civil officer of one of several colonies under a
governor general. [Eng.]

LIEUTENANT GENERAL
Lieu*ten"ant gen"er*al

Defn: . An army officer in rank next below a general and next above a
major general.

Note: In the United States, before the civil war, this rank had been
conferred only on George Washington and (in brevet) on Winfield
Scott. In 1864 it was revived by Congress and conferred on Ulysses S.
Grant, and subsequently, by promotion, on William T. Sherman and
Philip H. Sheridan, each of whom was advanced to the rank of general
of the army. When Sheridan was made general (in 1888) the rank of
lieutenant general was suffered to lapse. See General.

LIEUTENANTRY
Lieu*ten"ant*ry, n.

Defn: See Lieutenancy. [Obs.]

LIEUTENANTSHIP
Lieu*ten"ant*ship, n.

Defn: Same as Lieutenancy, 1.

LIEVE
Lieve, a.

Defn: Same as Lief.

LIF
Lif, n. Etym: [Written also lief.]

Defn: The fiber by which the petioles of the date palm are bound
together, from which various kinds of cordage are made.

LIFE
Life, n.; pl. Lives. Etym: [AS. l; akin to D. lijf body, G. leib
body, MHG. l life, body, OHG. l life, Icel. l, life, body, Sw. lif,
Dan. liv, and E. live, v. Live, and cf. Alive.]

1. The state of being which begins with generation, birth, or
germination, and ends with death; also, the time during which this
state continues; that state of an animal or plant in which all or any
of its organs are capable of performing all or any of their
functions; -- used of all animal and vegetable organisms.

2. Of human being: The union of the soul and body; also, the duration
of their union; sometimes, the deathless quality or existence of the
soul; as, man is a creature having an immortal life.
She shows a body rather than a life. Shak.

3. (Philos)

Defn: The potential principle, or force, by which the organs of
animals and plants are started and continued in the performance of
their several and coöperative functions; the vital force, whether
regarded as physical or spiritual.

4. Figuratively: The potential or animating principle, also, the
period of duration, of anything that is conceived of as resembling a
natural organism in structure or functions; as, the life of a state,
a machine, or a book; authority is the life of government.

5. A certain way or manner of living with respect to conditions,
circumstances, character, conduct, occupation, etc.; hence, human
affairs; also, lives, considered collectively, as a distinct class or
type; as, low life; a good or evil life; the life of Indians, or of
miners.
That which before us lies in daily life. Milton.
By experience of life abroad in the world. Ascham.
Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime.
Longfellow.
'T is from high life high characters are drawn. Pope

6. Animation; spirit; vivacity; vigor; energy.
No notion of life and fire in fancy and in words. Felton.
That gives thy gestures grace and life. Wordsworth.

7. That which imparts or excites spirit or vigor; that upon which
enjoyment or success depends; as, he was the life of the company, or
of the enterprise.

8. The living or actual form, person, thing, or state; as, a picture
or a description from, the life.

9. A person; a living being, usually a human being; as, many lives
were sacrificed.

10. The system of animal nature; animals in general, or considered
collectively.
Full nature swarms with life. Thomson.

11. An essential constituent of life, esp: the blood.
The words that I speak unto you . . . they are life. John vi. 63.
The warm life came issuing through the wound. Pope

12. A history of the acts and events of a life; a biography; as,
Johnson wrote the life of Milton.

13. Enjoyment in the right use of the powers; especially, a spiritual
existence; happiness in the favor of God; heavenly felicity.

14. Something dear to one as one's existence; a darling; -- used as a
term of endearment.

Note: Life forms the first part of many compounds, for the most part
of obvious meaning; as, life-giving, life-sustaining, etc. Life
annuity, an annuity payable during one's life.
 -- Life arrow, Life rocket, Life shot, an arrow, rocket, or shot,
for carrying an attached line to a vessel in distress in order to
save life.
 -- Life assurance. See Life insurance, below.
 -- Life buoy. See Buoy.
 -- Life car, a water-tight boat or box, traveling on a line from a
wrecked vessel to the shore. In it person are hauled through the
waves and surf.
 -- Life drop, a drop of vital blood. Byron.
 -- Life estate (Law), an estate which is held during the term of
some certain person's life, but does not pass by inheritance.
 -- Life everlasting (Bot.), a plant with white or yellow persistent
scales about the heads of the flowers, as Antennaria, and Gnaphalium;
cudweed.
 -- Life of an execution (Law), the period when an execution is in
force, or before it expires.
 -- Life guard. (Mil.) See under Guard.
 -- Life insurance, the act or system of insuring against death; a
contract by which the insurer undertakes, in consideration of the
payment of a premium (usually at stated periods), to pay a stipulated
sum in the event of the death of the insured or of a third person in
whose life the insured has an interest.
 -- Life interest, an estate or interest which lasts during one's
life, or the life of another person, but does not pass by
inheritance.
 -- Life land (Law), land held by lease for the term of a life or
lives.
 -- Life line. (a) (Naut.) A line along any part of a vessel for the
security of sailors. (b) A line attached to a life boat, or to any
life saving apparatus, to be grasped by a person in the water.
 -- Life rate, rate of premium for insuring a life.
 -- Life rent, the rent of a life estate; rent or property to which
one is entitled during one's life.
 -- Life school, a school for artists in which they model, paint, or
draw from living models.
 -- Lifetable, a table showing the probability of life at different
ages.
 -- To lose one's life, to die.
 -- To seek the life of, to seek to kill.
 -- To the life, so as closely to resemble the living person or the
subject; as, the portrait was drawn to the life.

LIFEBLOOD
Life"blood`, n.

1. The blood necessary to life; vital blood. Dryden.

2. Fig.: That which gives strength and energy.
Money [is] the lifeblood of the nation. Swift.

LIFEBOAT
Life"boat`, n.

Defn: A strong, buoyant boat especially designed for saving the lives
of shipwrecked people.

LIFEFUL
Life"ful, a.

Defn: Full of vitality. Spenser.

LIFE-GIVING
Life"-giv`ing, a.

Defn: Giving life or spirit; having power to give life; inspiriting;
invigorating.

LIFEHOLD
Life"hold`, n.

Defn: Land held by a life estate.

LIFELESS
Life"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of life, or deprived of life; not containing, or
inhabited by, living beings or vegetation; dead, or apparently dead;
spiritless; powerless; dull; as, a lifeless carcass; lifeless matter;
a lifeless desert; a lifeless wine; a lifeless story.
 -- Life"less*ly, adv.
 -- Life"less*ness, n.

Syn.
 -- Dead; soulless; inanimate; torpid; inert; inactive; dull; heavy;
unanimated; spiritless; frigid; pointless; vapid; flat; tasteless.
 -- Lifeless, Dull, Inanimate, Dead. In a moral sense, lifeless
denotes a want of vital energy; inanimate, a want of expression as to
any feeling that may be possessed; dull implies a torpor of soul
which checks all mental activity; dead supposes a destitution of
feeling. A person is said to be lifeless who has lost the spirits
which he once had; he is said to be inanimate when he is naturally
wanting in spirits; one is dull from an original deficiency of mental
power; he who is dead to moral sentiment is wholly bereft of the
highest attribute of his nature.

LIFELIKE
Life"like`, a. Etym: [Cf. Lively.]

Defn: Like a living being; resembling life; giving an accurate
representation; as, a lifelike portrait.
 -- Life"like`ness, n. Poe.

LIFELONG
Life"long, a. Etym: [Life + long. Cf. Livelong.]

Defn: Lasting or continuing through life. Tennyson.

LIFELY
Life"ly, adv. Etym: [Cf. Lively, a.]

Defn: In a lifelike manner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LIFEMATE
Life"mate`, n.

Defn: Companion for life. Hawthorne.

LIFEN
Lif"en, v. t.

Defn: To enliven. [Obs.] Marston.

LIFE-PRESERVER
Life"-pre*serv`er, n.

Defn: An apparatus, made in very various forms, and of various
materials, for saving one from drowning by buoying up the body while
in the water.
 -- Life"-pre*serv`ing, a.

LIFE-SAVING
Life"-sav`ing, a.

Defn: That saves life, or is suited to save life, esp. from drowning;
as, the life-saving service; a life-saving station.

LIFE-SIZE
Life"-size`, a.

Defn: Of full size; of the natural size.

LIFESOME
Life"some, a.

Defn: Animated; sprightly. [Poetic] Coleridge.
 -- Life"some*ness, n.

LIFESPRING
Life"spring`, n.

Defn: Spring or source of life.

LIFESTRING
Life"string", n.

Defn: A nerve, or string, that is imagined to be essential to life.
Daniel.

LIFETIME
Life"time` (, n.

Defn: The time that life continues.

LIFE-WEARY
Life"-wea`ry, a.

Defn: Weary of living. Shak.

LIFLODE
Lif"lode, n.

Defn: Livelihood. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LIFT
Lift, n.Etym: [AS.lyft air. See Loft.]

Defn: The sky; the atmosphere; the firmament. [Obs. or Scot.]

LIFT
Lift, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Lifting.] Etym:
[Icel. lypta, fr. lopt air; akin to Sw.lyfta to lift, Dan. löfte, G.
lüften; -- prop., to raise into the air. See Loft, and cf. 1st Lift.]

1. To move in a direction opposite to that of gravitation; to raise;
to elevate; to bring up from a lower place to a higher; to upheave;
sometimes implying a continued support or holding in the higher
place; -- said of material things; as, to lift the foot or the hand;
to lift a chair or a burden.

2. To raise, elevate, exalt, improve, in rank, condition, estimation,
character, etc.; -- often with up.
The Roman virtues lift up mortal man. Addison.
Lest, being lifted up with pride. I Tim. iii. 6.

3. To bear; to support. [Obs.] Spenser.

4. To collect, as moneys due; to raise.

5. Etym: [Perh. a different word, and akin to Goth. hliftus thief,
hlifan to steal, L. clepere, Gr. Shoplifter.]

Defn: To steal; to carry off by theft (esp. cattle); as, to lift a
drove of cattle.

Note: In old writers, lift is sometimes used for lifted.
He ne'er lift up his hand but conquered. Shak.
To lift up, to raise or elevate; in the Scriptures, specifically, to
elevate upon the cross. John viii. 28.
 -- To lift up the eyes. To look up; to raise the eyes, as in prayer.
Ps. cxxi. 1.
 -- To lift up the feet, to come speedily to one's relief. Ps. lxxiv.
3.
 -- To lift up the hand. (a) To take an oath. Gen. xiv. 22. (b) To
pray. Ps. xxviii. 2. (c) To engage in duty. Heb. xii. 12.
 -- To lift up the hand against, to rebel against; to assault; to
attack; to injure; to oppress. Job xxxi. 21.
 -- To lift up one's head, to cause one to be exalted or to rejoice.
Gen. xl. 13. Luke xxi. 28.
 -- To lift up the heel against, to treat with insolence or
unkindness. John xiii.18.
 -- To lift up the voice, to cry aloud; to call out. Gen. xxi. 16.

LIFT
Lift, v. i.

1. To try to raise something; to exert the strength for raising or
bearing.
Strained by lifting at a weight too heavy. Locke.

2. To rise; to become or appear raised or elevated; as, the fog
lifts; the land lifts to a ship approaching it.

3. Etym: [See Lift, v. t., 5.]

Defn: To live by theft. Spenser.

LIFT
Lift, n.

1. Act of lifting; also, that which is lifted.

2. The space or distance through which anything is lifted; as, a long
lift. Bacon.

3. Help; assistance, as by lifting; as, to give one a lift in a
wagon. [Colloq.]
The goat gives the fox a lift. L'Estrange.

4. That by means of which a person or thing lifts or is lifted; as:
(a) A hoisting machine; an elevator; a dumb waiter.
(b) An exercising machine.

5. A rise; a degree of elevation; as, the lift of a lock in canals.

6. A lift gate. See Lift gate, below. [Prov. Eng.]

7. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope leading from the masthead to the extremity of a yard
below; -- used for raising or supporting the end of the yard.

8. (Mach.)

Defn: One of the steps of a cone pulley.

9. (Shoemaking)

Defn: A layer of leather in the heel.

10. (Horology)

Defn: That portion of the vibration of a balance during which the
impulse is given. Saunier. Dead lift. See under Dead. Swift.
 -- Lift bridge, a kind of drawbridge, the movable part of which is
lifted, instead of being drawn aside.
 -- Lift gate, a gate that is opened by lifting.
 -- Lift hammer. See Tilt hammer.
 -- Lift lock, a canal lock.
 -- Lift pump, a lifting pump.
 -- Lift tenter (Windmills), a governor for regulating the speed by
adjusting the sails, or for adjusting the action of grinding
machinery according to the speed.
 -- Lift wall (Canal Lock), the cross wall at the head of the lock.

LIFTABLE
Lift"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be lifted.

LIFTER
Lift"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, lifts.

2. (Founding)

Defn: A tool for lifting loose sand from the mold; also, a
contrivance attached to a cope, to hold the sand together when the
cope is lifted.

LIFTING
Lift"ing, a.

Defn: Used in, or for, or by, lifting. Lifting bridge, a lift bridge.
 -- Lifting jack. See 2d Jack, 5.
 -- Lifting machine. See Health lift, under Health.
 -- Lifting pump. (Mach.) (a) A kind of pump having a bucket, or
valved piston, instead of a solid piston, for drawing water and
lifting it to a high level. (b) A pump which lifts the water only to
the top of the pump, or delivers it through a spout; a lift pump.
 -- Lifting rod, a vertical rod lifted by a rock shaft, and imparting
motion to a puppet valve; -- used in the engines of river steamboats.
 -- Lifting sail (Naut.), one which tends to lift a vessel's bow out
of water, as jibs and square foresails.

LIG
Lig, v. i. Etym: [See Lie to be prostrate.]

Defn: To recline; to lie still. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer. Spenser.

LIGAMENT
Lig"a*ment, n. Etym: [L. ligamentum, fr. ligare to bind; cf. f.
ligament. Cf. Lien, n., Ligature.]

1. Anything that ties or unites one thing or part to another; a
bandage; a bond. Hawthorne.
Interwoven is the love of liberty with every ligament of your hearts.
Washington.

2. (Anat.)
(a) A tough band or plate of dense, fibrous, connective tissue or
fibrocartilage serving to unite bones or form joints.
(b) A band of connective tissue, or a membranous fold, which supports
or retains an organ in place; as, the gastrophrenic ligament,
connecting the diaphragm and stomach.

LIGAMENTAL; LIGAMENTOUS
Lig`a*men"tal, Lig"a*men"tous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ligamenteux.]

Defn: Composing a ligament; of the nature of a ligament; binding; as,
a strong ligamentous membrane.

LIGAN
Li"gan, n.Etym: [Cf. L. ligare to bind, to tie, ligamen band,
bandage, E. ligament, or ligsam.] (Law)

Defn: Goods sunk in the sea, with a buoy attached in order that they
may be found again. See Jetsam and Flotsam. [Written also lagan.]
Blackstone.

LIGATE
Li"gate, v. t. Etym: [L. ligatus, p. p. of ligare.]

Defn: To tie with a ligature; to bind around; to bandage.

LIGATION
Li*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. ligatio, fr. ligare to bind. Cf. Liaison.]

1. The act of binding, or the state of being bound.

2. That which binds; bond; connection.
Tied with tape, and sealed at each fold and ligation. Sir W. Scott.

LIGATOR
Li*ga"tor n. Etym: [See Ligate.] (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for ligating, or for placing and fastening a
ligature.

LIGATURE
Lig"a*ture, n. Etym: [L. ligatura, fr. ligare, ligatum, to bind: cf.
f. ligature. Cf. Ally, League, Legatura, Liable, Legament.]

1. The act of binding.

2. Anything that binds; a band or bandage.

3. (Surg.)
(a) A thread or string for tying the blood vessels, particularly the
arteries, to prevent hemorrhage.
(b) A thread or wire used to remove tumors, etc.

4. The state of being bound or stiffened; stiffness; as, the ligature
of a joint.

5. Impotence caused by magic or charms. [Obs.]

6. (Mus.)

Defn: A curve or line connecting notes; a slur.

7. (Print.)

Defn: A double character, or a type consisting of two or more letters
or characters united, as æ, fi, ffl.

LIGATURE
Lig"a*ture, v. t. (Surg.)

Defn: To ligate; to tie.

LIGE
Lig"e, v. t. & i.

Defn: To lie; to tell lies. [Obs.]

LIGEANCE
Li"geance, n. Etym: [OF. ligeance, ligance. See Liege.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: The connection between sovereign and subject by which they were
mutually bound, the former to protection and the securing of justice,
the latter to faithful service; allegiance. [Written also ligeancy
and liegance.] Chaucer.

LIGEMENT
Lige"ment, n.

Defn: See Ledgment

LIGGE
Lig"ge, v. i.

Defn: To lie or recline. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LIGGER
Lig"ger, n.

1. A baited line attached to a float, for night fishing. See Leger,
a.

2. See Ledger, 2.

LIGHT
Light, n. Etym: [OE.light, liht, AS. leót; akin to OS. lioht, D. & G.
licht, OHG. lioht, Goth. liuhap, Icel. lj, L. lux light, lucere to
shine, Gr. ruc to shine. Lucid, Lunar, Luminous, Lynx.]

1. That agent, force, or action in nature by the operation of which
upon the organs of sight, objects are rendered visible or luminous.

Note: Light was regarded formerly as consisting of material
particles, or corpuscules, sent off in all directions from luminous
bodies, and traversing space, in right lines, with the known velocity
of about 186,300 miles per second; but it is now generally understood
to consist, not in any actual transmission of particles or substance,
but in the propagation of vibrations or undulations in a subtile,
elastic medium, or ether, assumed to pervade all space, and to be
thus set in vibratory motion by the action of luminous bodies, as the
atmosphere is by sonorous bodies. This view of the nature of light is
known as the undulatory or wave theory; the other, advocated by
Newton (but long since abandoned), as the corpuscular, emission, or
Newtonian theory. A more recent theory makes light to consist in
electrical oscillations, and is known as the electro-magnetic theory
of light.

2. That which furnishes, or is a source of, light, as the sun, a
star, a candle, a lighthouse, etc.
Then he called for a light, and sprang in. Acts xvi. 29.
And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and
the lesser light to rule the night. Gen. i. 16.

3. The time during which the light of the sun is visible; day;
especially, the dawn of day.
The murderer, rising with the light, killeth the poor and needy. Job
xxiv. 14.

4. The brightness of the eye or eyes.
He seemed to find his way without his eyes; For out o'door he went
without their helps, And, to the last, bended their light on me.
Shak.

5. The medium through which light is admitted, as a window, or window
pane; a skylight; in architecture, one of the compartments of a
window made by a mullion or mullions.
There were windows in three rows, and light was against light in
three ranks. I Kings vii.4.

6. Life; existence.
O, spring to light, auspicious Babe, be born ! Pope.

7. Open view; a visible state or condition; public observation;
publicity.
The duke yet would have dark deeds darkly answered; he would never
bring them to light. Shak.

8. The power of perception by vision.
My strength faileth me; as for the light of my eyes, it also is gone
from me. Ps. xxxviii. 10.

9. That which illumines or makes clear to the mind; mental or
spiritual illumination; enlightenment; knowledge; information.
He shall never know That I had any light of this from thee. Shak.

10. Prosperity; happiness; joy; felicity.
Then shall thy light break forth as the morning, and thy health shall
spring forth speedily. Is. lviii. 8.

11. (Paint.)

Defn: The manner in which the light strikes upon a picture; that part
of a picture which represents those objects upon which the light is
supposed to fall; the more illuminated part of a landscape or other
scene; -- opposed to shade. Cf. Chiaroscuro.

12. Appearance due to the particular facts and circumstances
presented to view; point of view; as, to state things fairly and put
them in the right light.
Frequent consideration of a thing . . . shows it in its several
lights and various ways of appearance. South.

13. One who is conspicuous or noteworthy; a model or example; as, the
lights of the age or of antiquity.
Joan of Are, A light of ancient France. Tennyson.

14. (Pyrotech.)

Defn: A firework made by filling a case with a substance which burns
brilliantly with a white or colored flame; as, a Bengal light.

Note: Light is used figuratively to denote that which resembles
physical light in any respect, as illuminating, benefiting,
enlightening, or enlivening mankind. Ancient lights (Law), Calcium
light, Flash light, etc. See under Ancient, Calcium, etc.
 -- Light ball (Mil.), a ball of combustible materials, used to
afford light; -- sometimes made so as to fired from a cannon or
mortar, or to be carried up by a rocket.
 -- Light barrel (Mil.), an empty power barrel pierced with holes and
filled with shavings soaked in pitch, used to light up a ditch or a
breach. --Light dues (Com.), tolls levied on ships navigating certain
waters, for the maintenance of lighthouses.
 -- Light iron, a candlestick. [Obs.] -- Light keeper, a person
appointed to take care of a lighthouse or light-ship.
 -- Light money, charges laid by government on shipping entering a
port, for the maintenance of lighthouses and light-ships.
 -- The light of the countenance, favor; kindness; smiles.
Lord, lift thou up the light of thy countenance upon us. Ps. iv. 6.
-- Northern lights. See Aurora borealis, under Aurora.
 -- To bring to light, to cause to be disclosed.
 -- To come to light, to be disclosed.
 -- To see the light, to come into the light; hence, to come into the
world or public notice; as, his book never saw the light.
 -- To stand in one's own light, to take a position which is
injurious to one's own interest.

LIGHT
Light, a. Etym: [AS. leóht. See Light, n.] [Compar. Lighter; superl.
Lightest.]

1. Having light; not dark or obscure; bright; clear; as, the
apartment is light.

2. White or whitish; not intense or very marked; not of a deep shade;
moderately colored; as, a light color; a light brown; a light
complexion.

LIGHT
Light, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lighted or Lit (p. pr. & vb. n. Lighting.]
Etym: [AS. l, lihtan, to shine. Light, n.]

1. To set fire to; to cause to burn; to set burning; to ignite; to
kindle; as, to light a candle or lamp; to light the gas; -- sometimes
with up.
If a thousand candles be all lighted from one. Hakewill.
And the largest lamp is lit. Macaulay.
Absence might cure it, or a second mistress Light up another flame,
and put out this. Addison.

2. To give light to; to illuminate; to fill with light; to spread
over with light; -- often with up.
Ah, hopeless, lasting flames I like those that burn To light the
dead. Pope.
One hundred years ago, to have lit this theater as brilliantly as it
is now lighted would have cost, I suppose, fifty pounds. F. Harrison.
The sun has set, and Vesper, to supply His absent beams, has lighted
up the sky. Dryden.

3. To attend or conduct with a light; to show the way to by means of
a light.
His bishops lead him forth, and light him on. Landor.
To light a fire, to kindle the material of a fire.

LIGHT
Light, v. i.

1. To become ignited; to take fire; as, the match will not light.

2. To be illuminated; to receive light; to brighten; -- with up; as,
the room light up very well.

LIGHT
Light, a. [Compar. Lighted; superl. Lightest.] Etym: [OE. light,
liht, AS. liht, leóht; akin to D. ligt, G. leicht, OHG.lihti, Icel.
l, Dan. let, Sw. lätt, Goth. leihts, and perh. to L. levis (cf.
Levity), Gr. laghu light.

1. Having little, or comparatively little, weight; not tending to be
the center of gravity with force; not heavy.
These weights did not exert their natural gravity . . . insomuch that
I could not guess which was light or heavy whilst I held them in my
hand. Addison.

2. Not burdensome; easy to be lifted, borne, or carried by physical
strength; as, a light burden, or load.
Ye shall find rest unto your souls. For my yoke is easy, and my
burden is light. Matt. xi. 29. 30.

3. Easy to be endured or performed; not severe; not difficult; as, a
light affliction or task. Chaucer.
Light sufferings give us leisure to complain. Dryden.

4. Easy to be digested; not oppressive to the stomach; as, light
food; also, containing little nutriment.

5. Not heavily armed; armed with light weapons; as, light troops; a
troop of light horse.

6. Not encumbered; unembarrassed; clear of impediments; hence,
active; nimble; swift.
Unmarried men are best friends, best masters . . . but not always
best subjects, for they are light to run away. Bacon.

7. Not heavily burdened; not deeply laden; not sufficiently
ballasted; as, the ship returned light.

8. Slight; not important; as, a light error. Shak.

9. Well leavened; not heavy; as, light bread.

10. Not copious or heavy; not dense; not inconsiderable; as, a light
rain; a light snow; light vapors.

11. Not strong or violent; moderate; as, a light wind.

12. Not pressing heavily or hard upon; hence, having an easy graceful
manner; delicate; as, a light touch; a light style of execution.

13. Easy to admit influence; inconsiderate; easily influenced by
trifling considerations; unsteady; unsettled; volatile; as, a light,
vain person; a light mind.
There is no greater argument of a light and inconsiderate person than
profanely to scoff at religion. Tillotson.

14. Indulging in, or inclined to, levity; wanting dignity or
solemnity; trifling; gay; frivolous; airy; unsubstantial.
Seneca can not be too heavy, nor Plautus too light. Shak.
Specimens of New England humor laboriously light and lamentably
mirthful. Hawthorne.

15. Not quite sound or normal; somewhat impaired or deranged; dizzy;
giddy.
Are his wits safe Is he not light of brain Shak.

16. Easily bestowed; inconsiderately rendered.
To a fair semblance doth light annex. Spenser.

17. Wanton; unchaste; as, a woman of light character.
A light wife doth make a heavy husband. Shak.

18. Not of the legal, standard, or usual weight; clipped; diminished;
as, light coin.

19. Loose; sandy; easily pulverized; as, a light soil. Light cavalry,
Light horse (Mil.), light-armed soldiers mounted on strong and active
horses.
 -- Light eater, one who eats but little.
 -- Light infantry, infantry soldiers selected and trained for rapid
evolutions.
 -- Light of foot. (a) Having a light step. (b) Fleet.
 -- Light of heart, gay, cheerful.
 -- Light oil (Chem.), the oily product, lighter than water, forming
the chief part of the first distillate of coal tar, and consisting
largely of benzene and toluene.
 -- Light sails (Naut.), all the sails above the topsails, with,
also, the studding sails and flying jib. Dana.
 -- Light sleeper, one easily wakened.
 -- Light weight, a prize fighter, boxer, wrestler, or jockey, who is
below a standard medium weight. Cf. Feather weight, under Feather.
[Cant] -- To make light of, to treat as of little consequence; to
slight; to disregard.
 -- To set light by, to undervalue; to slight; to treat as of no
importance; to despise.

LIGHT
Light, adv.

Defn: Lightly; cheaply. Hooker.

LIGHT
Light, v. t. Etym: [See Light not heavy, and cf. Light to alight, and
Lighten to make less heavy.]

Defn: To lighten; to ease of a burden; to take off. [Obs.]
From his head the heavy burgonet did light. Spenser.

LIGHT
Light, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lighted or Lit (p. pr. & vb. n. Lighting.]
Etym: [AS. lihtan to alight orig., to relieve (a horse) of the
rider's burden, to make less heavy, fr. liht light. See Light not
heavy, and cf. Alight, Lighten to make light.]

1. To dismount; to descend, as from a horse or carriage; to alight; -
- with from, off, on, upon, at, in.
When she saw Isaac, she lighted off the camel. Gen. xxiv. 64.
Slowly rode across a withered heath, And lighted at a ruined inn.
Tennyson.

2. To feel light; to be made happy. [Obs.]
It made all their hearts to light. Chaucer.

3. To descend from flight, and rest, perch, or settle, as a bird or
insect.
[The bee] lights on that, and this, and tasteth all. Sir. J. Davies.
On the tree tops a crested peacock lit. Tennyson.

4. To come down suddenly and forcibly; to fall; -- with on or upon.
On me, me only, as the source and spring Of all corruption, all the
blame light due. Milton.

5. To come by chance; to happen; -- with on or upon; formerly with
into.
The several degrees of vision, which the assistance of glasses
(casually at first lit on) has taught us to conceive. Locke.
They shall light into atheistical company. South.
And here we lit on Aunt Elizabeth, And Lilia with the rest. Tennyson.

LIGHTABLE
Light"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be lighted.

LIGHT-ARMED
Light"-armed`, a.

Defn: Armed with light weapons or accouterments.

LIGHT-BOAT
Light"-boat`, n.

Defn: Light-ship.

LIGHTE
Light"e, obs. imp.

Defn: of Light, to alight. Chaucer.

LIGHTEN
Light"en, v. i. Etym: [See Light to alight.]

Defn: To descend; to light.
O Lord, let thy mercy lighten upon us. Book of Common Prayer [Eng.
Ed.]

LIGHTEN
Light"en, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lightened; p. pr. & vb. n. Lightening.]
Etym: [OE. lightenen. See Light to kindle, illuminate.]

1. To burst forth or dart, as lightning; to shine with, or like,
lightning; to display a flash or flashes of lightning; to flash.
This dreadful night, That thunders, lightens, opens graves, and roars
As doth the lion. Shak.

2. To grow lighter; to become less dark or lowering; to brighten; to
clear, as the sky.

LIGHTEN
Light"en, v. t. Etym: [See Light to illuminate.]

1. To make light or clear; to light; to illuminate; as, to lighten an
apartment with lamps or gas; to lighten the streets. [In this sense
less common than light.]
A key of fire ran all along the shore, And lightened all the river
with a blaze. Dryden.

2. To illuminate with knowledge; to enlighten. [In this sense less
common than enlighten.]
Lighten my spirit with one clear heavenly ray. Sir J. Davies.

3. To emit or disclose in, or as in, lightning; to flash out, like
lightning.
His eye . . . lightens forth Controlling majesty. Shak.

4. To free from trouble and fill with joy.
They looked unto him, were lightened. Ps. xxxiv. 5.

LIGHTEN
Light"en, v. t. Etym: [See Light not heavy.]

1. To make lighter, or less heavy; to reduce in weight; to relieve of
part of a load or burden; as, to lighten a ship by unloading; to
lighten a load or burden.

2. To make less burdensome or afflictive; to alleviate; as, to
lighten the cares of life or the burden of grief.

3. To cheer; to exhilarate.
Lighens my humor with his merry jests. Shak.

LIGHTER
Light"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, lights; as, a lighter of lamps.

LIGHTER
Light"er, n. Etym: [D. ligter, fr. ligt light. See Light not heavy.]
(Naut.)

Defn: A large boat or barge, mainly, used in unloading or loading
vessels which can not reach the wharves at the place of shipment or
delivery. Lighter screw (Mach.), a screw for adjusting the distance
between the stones in a grinding mill by raising or lowering the
bridgetree.

LIGHTER
Light"er, v. t.

Defn: To convey by a lighter, as to or from the shore; as, to lighter
the cargo of a ship.

LIGHTERAGE
Light"er*age, n.

1. The price paid for conveyance of goods on a lighter.

2. The act of unloading into a lighter, or of conveying by a lighter.

LIGHTERMAN
Light"er*man, n.; pl. Lightermen (.

Defn: A person employed on, or who manages, a lighter.

LIGHT-FINGERED
Light"-fin`gered, a.

Defn: Dexterous in taking and conveying away; thievish; pilfering;
addicted to petty thefts. Fuller.

LIGHT-FOOT; LIGHT-FOOTED
Light"-foot`, Light"-foot`ed, a.

Defn: Having a light, springy step; nimble in running or dancing;
active; as, light-foot Iris. Tennyson.

LIGHTFUL
Light"ful, a.

Defn: Full of light; bright. [R.] "Lightful presence." Marston.

LIGHT-HANDED
Light"-hand`ed, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Not having a full complement of men; as, a vessel light-handed.

LIGHT-HEADED
Light"-head`ed, a.

1. Disordered in the head; dilirious. Walpole.

2. Thoughtless; heedless; volatile; unsteady; fickle; loose. "Light-
headed, weak men." Clarendon.
 -- Light"-head`ed*ness, n.

LIGHT-HEARTED
Light"-heart"ed, a.

Defn: Free from grief or anxiety; gay; cheerful; merry.
 -- Light"-heart`ed*ly, adv.
 -- Light"-heart"ed*ness, n.

LIGHT-HEELED
Light"-heeled`, a.

Defn: Lively in walking or running; brisk; light-footed.

LIGHT-HORSEMAN
Light"-horse`man, n.; pl. -men (.

1. A soldier who serves in the light horse. See under 5th Light.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West Indian fish of the genus Ephippus, remarkable for its
high dorsal fin and brilliant colors.

LIGHTHOUSE
Light"house` n.; pl.Lighthouses (.

Defn: A tower or other building with a powerful light at top, erected
at the entrance of a port, or at some important point on a coast, to
serve as a guide to mariners at night; a pharos.

LIGHTING
Light"ing, n. (Metal.)

Defn: A name sometimes applied to the process of annealing metals.

LIGHT-LEGGED
Light"-legged`, a.

Defn: Nimble; swift of foot. Sir P. Sidney.

LIGHTLESS
Light"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of light; dark. Shak.

LIGHTLY
Light"ly, adv.

1. With little weight; with little force; as, to tread lightly; to
press lightly.
Yet shall thy grave with rising flowers be drest, And the green turf
lie lightly on thy breast. Pope.
Him thus intent Ithuriel with his spear Touched lightly. Milton.

2. Swiftly; nimbly; with agility.
So mikle was that barge, it might not lightly sail. R. of Brunne.
Watch what thou seest and lightly bring me word. Tennyson.

3. Without deep impression.
The soft ideas of the cheerful note, Lightly received, were easily
forgot. Prior.

4. In a small degree; slightly; not severely.
At the first he lightly afflicted the land of Zebulun . . . and
afterward did more grievously afflict her. Is. ix. 1.

5. With little effort or difficulty; easily; readily.
That lightly come, shall lightly go. Old Proverb.
They come lightly by the malt, and need not spare it. Sir W. Scott.

6. Without reason, or for reasons of little weight.
Flatter not the rich, neither do thou willingly or lightly appear
before great personages. Jer. Taylor.

7. Commonly; usually. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher.
The great thieves of a state are lightly the officers of the crown.
B. Jonson.

8. Without dejection; cheerfully. "Seeming to bear it lightly." Shak.

9. Without heed or care; with levity; gayly; airily.
Matrimony . . . is not by any to be enterprised, nor taken in hand,
unadvisedly, lightly, or wantonly. Book of Common Prayer [Eng. Ed.].

10. Not chastely; wantonly. Swift.

LIGHTMAN
Light"man, n. ; pl. -men (

Defn: A man who carries or takes care of a light. T. Brown.

LIGHT-MINDED
Light"-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Unsettled; unsteady; volatile; not considerate.
 -- Light"-mind`ed*ness, n.

LIGHTNESS
Light"ness, n. Etym: [From Light not heavy.]

Defn: The state, condition, or quality, of being light or not heavy;
buoyancy; levity; fickleness; delicacy; grace.

Syn.
 -- Levity; volatility; instability; inconstancy; unsteadiness;
giddiness; flightiness; airiness; gayety; liveliness; agility;
nimbleness; sprightliness; briskness; swiftness; ease; facility.

LIGHTNESS
Light"ness, n. Etym: [From Light bright.]

1. Illumination, or degree of illumination; as, the lightness of a
room. Chaucer.

2. Absence of depth or of duskiness in color; as, the lightness of a
tint; lightness of complexion.

LIGHTNING
Light"ning, n. Etym: [For lightening, fr. lighten to flash.]

1. A discharge of atmospheric electricity, accompanied by a vivid
flash of light, commonly from one cloud to another, sometimes from a
cloud to the earth. The sound produced by the electricity in passing
rapidly through the atmosphere constitutes thunder.

2. The act of making bright, or the state of being made bright;
enlightenment; brightening, as of the mental powers. [R.] Ball
lightning, a rare form of lightning sometimes seen as a globe of fire
moving from the clouds to the earth.
 -- Chain lightning, lightning in angular, zigzag, or forked flashes.
 -- Heat lightning, more or less vivid and extensive flashes of
electric light, without thunder, seen near the horizon, esp. at the
close of a hot day.
 -- Lightning arrester (Telegraphy), a device, at the place where a
wire enters a building, for preventing injury by lightning to an
operator or instrument. It consists of a short circuit to the ground
interrupted by a thin nonconductor over which lightning jumps. Called
also lightning discharger.
 -- Lightning bug (Zoöl.), a luminous beetle. See Firefly.
 -- Lightning conductor, a lightning rod.
 -- Lightning glance, a quick, penetrating glance of a brilliant eye.
 -- Lightning rod, a metallic rod set up on a building, or on the
mast of a vessel, and connected with the earth or water below, for
the purpose of protecting the building or vessel from lightning.
 -- Sheet lightning, a diffused glow of electric light flashing out
from the clouds, and illumining their outlines. The appearance is
sometimes due to the reflection of light from distant flashes of
lightning by the nearer clouds.

LIGHTNING
Light"ning, vb. n.

Defn: Lightening. [R.]

LIGHT-O'-LOVE
Light"-o'-love`, n.

1. An old tune of a dance, the name of which made it a proverbial
expression of levity, especially in love matters. Nares. "Best sing
it to the tune of light-o'-love." Shak.

2. Hence: A light or wanton woman. Beau. & Fl.

LIGHTROOM
Light"room`, n.

Defn: A small room from which the magazine of a naval vessel is
lighted, being separated from the magazine by heavy glass windows.

LIGHTS
lights, n. pl. Etym: [So called from their lightness.]

Defn: The lungs of an animal or bird; -- sometimes coarsely applied
to the lungs of a human being.

LIGHT-SHIP
Light"-ship`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel carrying at the masthead a brilliant light, and moored
off a shoal or place of dangerous navigation as a guide for mariners.

LIGHTSOME
Light"some, a.

1. Having light; lighted; not dark or gloomy; bright.
White walls make rooms more lightsome than black. Bacon.

2. Gay; airy; cheering; exhilarating.
That lightsome affection of joy. Hooker.
-- Light"some*ly, adv.
 -- Light"some*ness, n.
Happiness may walk soberly in dark attire, as well as dance
lightsomely in a gala dress. Hawthorne.

LIGHTSTRUCK
Light"*struck`, a. (Photog.)

Defn: Damaged by accidental exposure to light; light-fogged; -- said
of plates or films.

LIGHTWEIGHT
Light"weight`, n. One of less than average weight; specif.:
 (a) In boxing, wrestling, etc., one weighingnot more than 133 pounds
(U. S. amateur rules 135 pounds, Eng. 140 pounds).
 (b) A person of small impotance or mental ability. [Colloq., Chiefly
U. S.]

LIGHTWEIGHT
Light"weight`, a.

Defn: Light in weight, as a coin; specif., applied to a man or animal
who is a lightweight.

LIGHT-WINGED
Light"-winged`, a.

Defn: Having light and active wings; volatile; fleeting. Shak.

LIGHTWOOD
Light"wood`, n.

Defn: Pine wood abounding in pitch, used for torches in the Southern
United States; pine knots, dry sticks, and the like, for kindling a
fire quickly or making a blaze.

LIGHTY
Light"y, a.

Defn: Illuminated. [Obs.] Wyclif.

LIGHT YEAR
Light year. (Astron.)

Defn: The distance over which light can travel in a year's time; --
used as a unit in expressing stellar distances. It is more than
63,000 times as great as the distance from the earth to the sun.

LIGN-ALOES
Lign`-al"oes, n. Etym: [OE. ligne aloes, fr. L. lignum wood + aloe
aloe.]

1. Aloes wood, or agallochum. See Agallochum.

2. A fragrant tree mentioned in the Bible. Num. xxiv. 6.

LIGNEOUS
Lig"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. ligneus, fr. lignum wood. Cf. Lignous.]

Defn: Made of wood; consisting of wood; of the nature of, or
resembling, wood; woody.
It should be tried with shoots of vines and roots of red roses; for
it may be they, being of a moreligneous nature, will incorporate with
the tree itself. Bacon.
Ligneous marble, wood coated or prepared so as to resemble marble.

LIGNIFEROUS
Lig*nif`er*ous, a. Etym: [L. lignifer; lignum wood + ferre to bear:
cf. F. lignifère.]

Defn: Yielding or producing wood.

LIGNIFICATION
Lig`ni*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lignification. See Lignify.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A change in the character of a cell wall, by which it becomes
harder. It is supposed to be due to an incrustation of lignin.

LIGNIFORM
Lig"ni*form, a. Etym: [L. lignum wood + -form: cf. F. ligniforme.]

Defn: Like wood.

LIGNIFY
Lig"ni*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lignified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Lignifying.] Etym: [L. lignum wood + -fy: cf. F. lignifier.] (Bot.)

Defn: To convert into wood or into a ligneous substance.

LIGNIFY
Lig"ni*fy, v. i. (Bot.)

Defn: To become wood.

LIGNIN
Lig"nin, n. Etym: [L. lignum wood: cf. F. lignine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A substance characterizing wood cells and differing from
cellulose in its conduct with certain chemical reagents.

Note: Recent authors have distinguished four forms of this substance,
naming them lignose, lignin, lignone, and lignireose.

LIGNIPERDOUS
Lig`ni*per"dous, a. Etym: [L. lignum wood + perdere to destroy: cf.
F. ligniperde.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Wood-destroying; -- said of certain insects.

LIGNIREOSE
Lig*nir"e*ose`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Lignin.

LIGNITE
Lig"nite, n. Etym: [L. lignum wood: cf. F. lignite.] (Min.)

Defn: Mineral coal retaining the texture of the wood from which it
was formed, and burning with an empyreumatic odor. It is of more
recent origin than the anthracite and bituminous coal of the proper
coal series. Called also brown coal, wood coal.

LIGNITIC
Lig*nit"ic, a.

Defn: Containing lignite; resembling, or of the nature of, lignite;
as, lignitic clay. Lignitic group. See Laramie group.

LIGNITIFEROUS
Lig`ni*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Lignite + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing or containing lignite; lignitic.

LIGNOCERIC
Lig`no*cer"ic, a. Etym: [L. lignum wood + cera wax.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the formic acid
series, found in the tar, wax, or paraffine obtained by distilling
certain kinds of wood, as the beech.

LIGNONE
Lig"none`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Lignin.

LIGNOSE; LIGNOUS
Lig*nose`, Lig"nous, a. Etym: [L. lignosus, fr. lignum wood: cf. F.
ligneux. Cf. Ligneous.]

Defn: Ligneous. [R.] Evelyn.

LIGNOSE
Lig"nose`, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: See Lignin.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: An explosive compound of wood fiber and nitroglycerin. See
Nitroglycerin.

LIGNUM RHODIUM
Lig"num rho"di*um. Etym: [NL., fr. L. lignum wood + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The fragrant wood of several shrubs and trees, especially of
species of Rhodorhiza from the Canary Islands, and of the West Indian
Amyris balsamifera.

LIGNUM-VITAE
Lig"num-vi"tae, n. Etym: [L., wood of life; lignum wood + vita,
genitive vitæ, life.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tree (Guaiacum officinale) found in the warm latitudes of
America, from which the guaiacum of medicine is procured. Its wood is
very hard and heavy, and is used for various mechanical purposes, as
for the wheels of ships' blocks, cogs, bearings, and the like. See
Guaiacum.

Note: In New Zealand the Metrosideros buxifolia is called lignum-
vitæ, and in Australia a species of Acacia. The bastard lignum-vitæ
is a West Indian tree (Sarcomphalus laurinus).

LIGROIN
Lig"ro*in, n.

Defn: A trade name applied somewhat indefinitely to some of the
volatile products obtained in refining crude petroleum. It is a
complex and variable mixture of several hydrocarbons, generally boils
below 170º Fahr., and is more inflammable than safe kerosene. It is
used as a solvent, as a carburetant for air gas, and for illumination
in special lamps.

LIGSAM
Lig"sam, n. Etym: [Cf. D. liggen to lie, E. lie to be prostrate, and
E. flotsam, jetsam, or ligan.]

Defn: Same as Ligan. Brande & C.

LIGULA
Lig"u*la, n.; pl. L. Ligulæ, E. Ligulas. Etym: [L., a little tongue.
See Ligule.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: See Ligule.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The central process, or front edge, of the labium of insects. It
sometimes serves as a tongue or proboscis, as in bees. [See Illust.
under Labium, and Hymenoptera.]
(b) A tongue-shaped lobe of the parapodia of annelids. See
Parapodium.

LIGULATE; LIGULATED
Lig"u*late, Lig"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ligulé. See Ligule, and
cf. Lingulate.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Like a bandage, or strap; strap-shaped.

2. Composed of ligules. Ligulate flower, a species of compound
flower, the florets of which have their corollets flat, spreading out
toward the end, with the base only tubular.

LIGULE
Lig"ule, n. Etym: [L.ligula, little tongue, dim of lingua tongue :
cf. F. ligule.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) The thin and scarious projection from the upper end of the sheath
of leaf of grass.
(b) A strap-shaped corolla of flowers of Compositæ.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A band of white matter in the wall of fourth ventricle of the
brain.

LIGULIFLOROUS
Lig`u*li*flo"rous, a. Etym: [Ligule + L. flos, floris, a flower.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Bearing only ligulate flowers; -- said of a large suborder of
composite plants, such as the dandelion, hawkweed, etc.

LIGURE
Lig"ure, n. Etym: [L. ligurius, Gr. leshem.]

Defn: A kind of precious stone.
The third row a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst. Ex. xxviii. 19.

LIGUSTRIN
Li*gus"trin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter principle found in the bark of the privet (Ligustrum
vulgare), and extracted as a white crystalline substance with a warm,
bitter taste; -- called also ligustron.

LIKABLE
Lik"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be liked; such as to attract liking; as, a likable
person. Thackeray.

LIKE
Like, a. [Compar. Liker; superl. Likest.] Etym: [OE. lik, ilik,
gelic, AS. gelic, fr. pref. ge- + lic body, and orig. meaning, having
the same body, shape, or appearance, and hence, like; akin to OS.
gilik, D. gelijk, G. gleich, OHG. gilih, Icel. likr, glikr, Dan. lig,
Sw. lik, Goth. galeiks, OS. lik body, D. lijk, G. leiche, Icel. lik,
Sw. lik, Goth. leik. The English adverbial ending-ly is from the same
adjective. Cf. Each, Such, Which.]

1. Having the same, or nearly the same, appearance, qualities, or
characteristics; resembling; similar to; similar; alike; -- often
with in and the particulars of the resemblance; as, they are like
each other in features, complexion, and many traits of character.
'The as like you As cherry is to cherry. Shak.
Like master, like man. Old Prov.
He giveth snow like wool; he scattereth the hoar-frost like ashes.
Ps. cxlvii. 16.

Note: To, which formerly often followed like, is now usually omitted.

2. Equal, or nearly equal; as, fields of like extent.
More clergymen were impoverished by the late war than ever in the
like space before. Sprat.

3. Having probability; affording probability; probable; likely.
[Likely is more used now.] Shak.
But it is like the jolly world about us will scoff at the paradox of
these practices. South.
Many were not easy to be governed, nor like to conform themselves to
strict rules. Clarendon.

4. Inclined toward; disposed to; as, to feel like taking a walk. Had
like (followed by the infinitive), had nearly; came little short of.
Had like to have been my utter overthrow. Sir W. Raleigh
Ramona had like to have said the literal truth, . . . but recollected
herself in time. Mrs. H. H. Jackson.
Like figures (Geom.), similar figures.

Note: Like is used as a suffix, converting nouns into adjectives
expressing resemblance to the noun; as, manlike, like a man;
childlike, like a child; godlike, like a god, etc. Such compounds are
readily formed whenever convenient, and several, as crescentlike,
serpentlike, hairlike, etc., are used in this book, although, in some
cases, not entered in the vocabulary. Such combinations as bell-like,
ball-like, etc., are hyphened.

LIKE
Like, n.

1. That which is equal or similar to another; the counterpart; an
exact resemblance; a copy.
He was a man, take him for all in all, I shall not look upon his like
again. Shak.

2. A liking; a preference; inclination; -- usually in pl.; as, we all
have likes and dislikes.

LIKE
Like, adv. Etym: [AS. gelice. See Like, a.]

1. In a manner like that of; in a manner similar to; as, do not act
like him.
He maketh them to stagger like a drunken man. Job xii. 25.

Note: Like, as here used, is regarded by some grammarians as a
preposition.

2. In a like or similar manner. Shak.
Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that
fear him. Ps. ciii. 13.

3. Likely; probably. "Like enough it will." Shak.

LIKE
Like, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Liked; p. pr. & vb. n. Liking.] Etym: [OE.
liken to please, AS. lician, gelician, fr.gelic. See Like, a.]

1. To suit; to please; to be agreeable to. [Obs.]
Cornwall him liked best, therefore he chose there. R. of Gloucester.
I willingly confess that it likes me much better when I find virtue
in a fair lodging than when I am bound to seek it in an ill-favored
creature. Sir P. Sidney.

2. To be pleased with in a moderate degree; to approve; to take
satisfaction in; to enjoy.
He proceeded from looking to liking, and from liking to loving. Sir
P. Sidney.

3. To liken; to compare.[Obs.]
Like me to the peasant boys of France. Shak.

LIKE
Like, v. i.

1. To be pleased; to choose.
He may either go or stay, as he best likes. Locke.

2. To have an appearance or expression; to look; to seem to be (in a
specified condition). [Obs.]
You like well, and bear your years very well. Shak.

3. To come near; to avoid with difficulty; to escape narrowly; as, he
liked to have been too late. Cf. Had like, under Like, a. [Colloq.]
He probably got his death, as he liked to have done two years ago, by
viewing the troops for the expedition from the wall of Kensington
Garden. Walpole.
To like of, to be pleased with. [Obs.] Massinger.

LIKEABLE
Like"a*ble (lik"a*b'l), a.

Defn: See Likable.

LIKEHOOD
Like"hood, n.

Defn: Likelihood. [Obs.] South.

LIKELIHOOD
Like"li*hood, n. Etym: [Likely + -hood.]

1. Appearance; show; sign; expression. [Obs.]
What of his heart perceive you in his face By any likelihood he
showed to-day Shak.

2. Likeness; resemblance. [Obs.]
There is no likelihood between pure light and black darkness, or
between righteousness and reprobation. Sir W. Raleigh.

3. Appearance of truth or reality; probability; verisimilitude.
Tennyson.

LIKELINESS
Like"li*ness, n.

1. Likelihood; probability.

2. Suitableness; agreeableness. [Obs.]

LIKELY
Like"ly, a. [Compar. Likelier; superl. Likeliest.] Etym: [That is,
like-like. See Like, a.]

1. Worthy of belief; probable; credible; as, a likely story.
It seems likely that he was in hope of being busy and conspicuous.
Johnson.

2. Having probability; having or giving reason to expect; -- followed
by the infinitive; as, it is likely to rain.

3. Similar; like; alike. [Obs.] Spenser.

4. Such as suits; good-looking; pleasing; agreeable; handsome. Shak.
Milton.

5. Having such qualities as make success probable; well adapted to
the place; promising; as, a likely young man; a likely servant.

LIKELY
Like"ly, adv.

Defn: In all probability; probably.
While man was innocent he was likely ignorant of nothing that
imported him to know. Glanvill.

LIKE-MINDED
Like"-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having a like disposition or purpose; of the same mind.
Tillotson.

LIKEN
Lik"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Likened; p. pr. & vb. n. Likening.] Etym:
[OE. liknen. See Like, a.]

1. To allege, or think, to be like; to represent as like; to compare;
as, to liken life to a pilgrimage.
Whosoever heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them, I will liken
him unto a wise man which built his house upon a rock. Matt. vii. 24.

2. To make or cause to be like. [R.] Brougham.

LIKENESS
Like"ness, n. Etym: [AS. gelicnes.]

1. The state or quality of being like; similitude; resemblance;
similarity; as, the likeness of the one to the other is remarkable.

2. Appearance or form; guise.
An enemy in the likeness of a friend. L'Estrange.

3. That which closely resembles; a portrait.
[How he looked] the likenesses of him which still remain enable us to
imagine. Macaulay.

4. A comparison; parable; proverb. [Obs.]
He said to them, Soothly ye shall say to me this likeness, Leech,
heal thyself. Wyclif (Luke iv. 23).

Syn.
 -- Similarity; parallel; similitude; representation; portrait;
effigy.

LIKEROUS; LIKEROUSNESS
Lik"er*ous, a., Lik"er*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Lickerish, Lickerishness. Chaucer.

LIKEWISE
Like"wise`, adv. & conj. Etym: [See Wise, n.]

Defn: In like manner; also; moreover; too. See Also.
Go, and do thou likewise. Luke x. 37.
For he seeth that wise men die; likewise the fool and the brutish
person perish. Ps. xlix. 10.

LIKIN
Li"kin`, n. [Written also lekin.] [ Chin. li kin; li the thousandth
part of a tael + kin money.]

Defn: A Chinese provincial tax levied at many inland stations upon
imports or articles in transit.

"Likin," which used to be regarded as illegal, as one of the many,
"squeezes" imposed by the mandarins, is, in Jamieson's opinion, just
as legal as any other form of taxation.
A. R. Colquhoun.

LIKING
Lik"ing, p. a.

Defn: Looking; appearing; as, better or worse liking. See Like, to
look. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Why should he see your faces worse liking than the children which are
of your sort Dan. i. 10.

LIKING
Lik"ing, n.

1. The state of being pleasing; a suiting. See On liking, below.
[Obs. or Prov. End.]

2. The state of being pleased with, or attracted toward, some thing
or person; hence, inclination; desire; pleasure; preference; -- often
with for, formerly with to; as, it is an amusement I have no liking
for.
If the human intellect hath once taken a liking to any doctrine, . .
. it draws everything else into harmony with that doctrine, and to
its support. Bacon.

3. Appearance; look; figure; state of body as to health or condition.
[Archaic]
I shall think the worse of fat men, as long as I have an eye to make
difference of men's liking. Shak.
Their young ones are in good liking. Job. xxxix. 4.
On liking, on condition of being pleasing to or suiting; also, on
condition of being pleased with; as, to hold a place of service on
liking; to engage a servant on liking. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Would he be the degenerate scion of that royal line . . . to be a
king on liking and on sufferance Hazlitt.

LILAC
Li"lac, n. [Also lilach.] Etym: [Sp. lilac, lila, Ar.lilak, fr. Per.
lilaj, lilanj, lilang, nilaj, nil, the indigo plant, or from the
kindred lilak bluish, the flowers being named from the color. Cf.
Anil.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A shrub of the genus Syringa. There are six species, natives of
Europe and Asia. Syringa vulgaris, the common lilac, and S. Persica,
the Persian lilac, are frequently cultivated for the fragrance and
beauty of their purplish or white flowers. In the British colonies
various other shrubs have this name.

2. A light purplish color like that of the flower of the purplish
lilac. California lilac (Bot.), a low shrub with dense clusters of
purplish flowers (Ceanothus thyrsiflorus).

LILACIN
Lil"a*cin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Syringin.

LILIACEOUS
Lil`i*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. liliaceus, fr. lilium lily. See Lily.]
(Bot.)
(a) Of or pertaining to a natural order of which the lily, tulip, and
hyacinth are well-known examples.
(b) Like the blossom of a lily in general form.

LILIAL
Lil"i*al, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a general resemblance to lilies or to liliaceous plants.

LILIED
Lil"ied, a.

Defn: Covered with, or having many, lilies.
By sandy Ladon's lilied banks. Milton.

LILL
Lill, v. i.

Defn: To loll. [Obs. or Prov.] Spenser.

LILLIPUTIAN
Lil`li*pu"tian, n.

1. One belonging to a very diminutive race described in Swift's
"Voyage to Lilliput."

2. Hence:

Defn: A person or thing of very small size.

LILLIPUTIAN
Lil`li*pu"tian, a.

1. Of or having to the imaginary island of Lilliput described by
Swift, or to its inhabitants.

2. Hence:

Defn: Of very small size; diminutive; dwarfed.

LILLY-PILLY
Lil"ly-pil`ly, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An Australian myrtaceous tree (Eugenia Smithii), having smooth
ovate leaves, and panicles of small white flowers. The wood is hard
and fine-grained.

LILT
Lilt, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Norw. lilla, lirla, to sing in a high tone.]

1. To do anything with animation and quickness, as to skip, fly, or
hop. [Prov. Eng.] Wordsworth.

2. To sing cheerfully. [Scot.]

LILT
Lilt, v. t.

Defn: To utter with spirit, animation, or gayety; to sing with spirit
and liveliness.
A classic lecture, rich in sentiment, With scraps of thundrous epic
lilted out By violet-hooded doctors. Tennyson.

LILT
Lilt, n.

1. Animated, brisk motion; spirited rhythm; sprightliness.
The movement, the lilt, and the subtle charm of the verse. F.
Harrison.

2. A lively song or dance; a cheerful tune.
The housewife went about her work, or spun at her wheel, with a lilt
upon her lips. J. C. Shairp.

LILY
Lil"y, n.; pl. Lilies. Etym: [AS. lilie, L. lilium, Gr. Flower-de-
luce.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant and flower of the genus Lilium, endogenous bulbous
plants, having a regular perianth of six colored pieces, six stamens,
and a superior three-celled ovary.

Note: There are nearly fifty species, all found in the North
Temperate zone. Lilium candidum and L. longiflorum are the common
white lilies of gardens; L. Philadelphicum is the wild red lily of
the Atlantic States. L. Chalcedonicum is supposed to be the "lily of
the field" in our Lord's parable; L. auratum is the great gold-banded
lily of Japan.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to handsome flowering plants of several genera,
having some resemblance in color or form to a true lily, as
Pancratium, Crinum, Amaryllis, Nerine, etc.

3. That end of a compass needle which should point to the north; --
so called as often ornamented with the figure of a lily or fleur-de-
lis.
But sailing further, it veers its lily to the west. Sir T. Browne.
African lily (Bot.), the blue-flowered Agapanthus umbellatus.
 -- Atamasco lily (Bot.), a plant of the genus Zephyranthes (Z.
Atamasco), having a white and pink funnelform perianth, with six
petal-like divisions resembling those of a lily. Gray.
 -- Blackberry lily (Bot.), the Pardanthus Chinensis, the black seeds
of which form a dense like a blackberry.
 -- Bourbon lily (Bot.), Lilium candidum. See Illust.
 -- Butterfly lily. (Bot.) Same as Mariposa lily, in the Vocabulary.
 -- Lily daffodil (Bot.), a plant of the genus Narcissus, and its
flower.
 -- Lily encrinite (Paleon.), a fossil encrinite, esp. Encrinus
liliiformis. See Encrinite.
 -- Lily hyacinth (Bot.), a plant of the genus Hyacinthus.
 -- Lily iron, a kind of harpoon with a detachable head of peculiar
shape, used in capturing swordfish.
 -- Lily of the valley (Bot.), a low perennial herb (Convallaria
majalis), having a raceme of nodding, fragrant, white flowers.
 -- Lily pad, the large floating leaf of the water lily. [U. S.]
Lowell.
 -- Tiger lily (Bot.), Lilium tigrinum, the sepals of which are
blotched with black.
 -- Turk's-cap lily (Bot.) Lilium Martagon, a red lily with recurved
sepals; also, the similar American lily, L. superbum.
 -- Water lily (Bot.), the Nymphæa, a plant with floating roundish
leaves, and large flowers having many petals, usually white, but
sometimes pink, red, blue, or yellow. [See Illust. of Nymphæa.]

LILY-HANDED
Lil"y-hand`ed, a.

Defn: Having white, delicate hands.

LILY-LIVERED
Lil"y-liv`ered, a.

Defn: White-livered; cowardly.

LILYWORT
Lil"y*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the Lily family or order. Lindley.

LIM
Lim, n. Etym: [See Limb.]

Defn: A limb. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LIMA
Li"ma, n.

Defn: The capital city of Peru, in South America. Lima bean. (Bot.)
(a) A variety of climbing or pole bean (Phaseolus lunatus), which has
very large flattish seeds. (b) The seed of this plant, much used for
food.
 -- Lima wood (Bot.), the beautiful dark wood of the South American
tree Cæsalpinia echinata.

LIMACEOUS
Li*ma"ceous, a. Etym: [L. limax, limacis, slug, snail: cf. F.
limacé.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, Limax, or the slugs.

LIMACINA
Lim`a*ci"na, n. Etym: [NL., From L. limax, limacis, a slug.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small spiral pteropods, common in the Arctic and
Antarctic seas. It contributes to the food of the right whales.

LIMACON
Li`ma`con", n. Etym: [F. limacon, lit., a snail.] (Geom.)

Defn: A curve of the fourth degree, invented by Pascal. Its polar
equation is r = a cos + b.

LIMAILLE
Li"maille, n. Etym: [F., fr. limer to file. See Limation.]

Defn: Filings of metal. [Obs.] "An ounce . . . of silver lymaille."
Chaucer.

LIMAN
Li"man, n. Etym: [F. limon, fr. L. limus slime.]

Defn: The deposit of slime at the mouth of a river; slime.

LIMATION
Li*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. limatus, p. p. of limare to file, fr. lima
file : cf. F. limation.]

Defn: The act of filing or polishing.

LIMATURE
Li"ma*ture, n. Etym: [L. limatura. See Limation.]

1. The act of filing.

2. That which is filed off; filings. Johnson.

LIMAX
Li"max, n. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of airbreathing mollusks, including the common garden
slugs. They have a small rudimentary shell. The breathing pore is on
the right side of the neck. Several species are troublesome in
gardens. See Slug.

LIMB
Limb, n. Etym: [OE. lim, AS. lim; akin to Icel. limr limb, lim branch
of a tree, Sw. & Dan. lem limb; cf. also AS. li, OHG. lid, gilid, G.
glied, Goth. lipus. Cf. Lith, Limber.]

1. A part of a tree which extends from the trunk and separates into
branches and twigs; a large branch.

2. An arm or a leg of a human being; a leg, arm, or wing of an
animal.
A second Hector for his grim aspect, And large proportion of his
strong-knit limbs. Shak.

3. A thing or person regarded as a part or member of, or attachment
to, something else. Shak.
That little limb of the devil has cheated the gallows. Sir W. Scott.

4. An elementary piece of the mechanism of a lock. Limb of the law, a
lawyer or an officer of the law. [Colloq.] Landor.

LIMB
Limb, v. t.

1. To supply with limbs. [R.] Milton.

2. To dismember; to tear off the limbs of.

LIMB
Limb, n. Etym: [L. limbus border. Cf. Limbo, Limbus.]

Defn: A border or edge, in certain special uses.
(a) (Bot.) The border or upper spreading part of a monopetalous
corolla, or of a petal, or sepal; blade.
(b) (Astron.) The border or edge of the disk of a heavenly body,
especially of the sun and moon.
(c) The graduated margin of an arc or circle, in an instrument for
measuring angles.

LIMBAT
Lim"bat, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A cooling periodical wind in the Isle of Cyprus, blowing from
the northwest from eight o'clock, A. M., to the middle of the day or
later.

LIMBATE
Lim"bate, a. Etym: [L. limbatus, fr. limbus border, edge. See
Limbus.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Bordered, as when one color is surrounded by an edging of
another.

LIMBEC
Lim"bec, n. Etym: [Abbrev. of alembic.]

Defn: An alembic; a still. [Obs.] Spenser. Shak.

LIMBEC
Lim"bec, v. t.

Defn: To distill. [Obs.] Dryden.

LIMBED
Limbed, a.

Defn: Having limbs; -- much used in composition; as, large-limbed;
short-limbed.
Innumerous living creatures, perfect forms, Limbed and full grown.
Milton.

LIMBER
Lim"ber, n. Etym: [For limmer, Icel. limar branches, boughs, pl. of
lim; akin to E. limb. See Limb a branch.]

1. pl.

Defn: The shafts or thills of a wagon or carriage. [Prov. Eng.]

2. (Mil.)

Defn: The detachable fore part of a gun carriage, consisting of two
wheels, an axle, and a shaft to which the horses are attached. On top
is an ammunition box upon which the cannoneers sit.

3. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: Gutters or conduits on each side of the keelson to afford a
passage for water to the pump well. Limber boards (Naut.), short
pieces of plank forming part of the lining of a ship's floor
immediately above the timbers, so as to prevent the limbers from
becoming clogged.
 -- Limber box or chest (Mil.), a box on the limber for carrying
ammunition.
 -- Limber rope, Limber chain or Limber clearer (Naut.), a rope or
chain passing through the limbers of a ship, by which they may be
cleared of dirt that chokes them. Totten.
 -- Limber strake (Shipbuilding), the first course of inside planking
next the keelson.

LIMBER
Lim"ber v. t. [imp. & p. p. Limbered; p. pr. & vb. n. Limbering.]
(Mil.)

Defn: To attach to the limber; as, to limber a gun. To limber up, to
change a gun carriage into a four-wheeled vehicle by attaching the
limber.

LIMBER
Lim"ber, a. Etym: [Akin to lim, a. Limp, a.]

Defn: Easily bent; flexible; pliant; yielding. Milton.
The bargeman that doth row with long and limber oar. Turbervile.

LIMBER
Lim"ber, v. t.

Defn: To cause to become limber; to make flexible or pliant.
Richardson.

LIMBERNESS
Lim"ber*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being limber; flexibleness. Boyle.

LIMBLESS
Limb"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of limbs.

LIMBMEAL
Limb"meal`, adv. Etym: [See Limb, and Piecemeal.]

Defn: Piecemeal. [Obs.] "To tear her limbmeal." Shak.

LIMBO; LIMBUS
Lim"bo, Lim"bus, n. Etym: [L. limbus border, edge in limbo on the
border. Cf. Limb border.]

1. (Scholastic Theol.)

Defn: An extramundane region where certain classes of souls were
supposed to await the judgment.
As far from help as Limbo is from bliss. Shak.
A Limbo large and broad, since called The Paradise of fools. Milton.

Note: The limbus patrum was considered as a place for the souls of
good men who lived before the coming of our Savior. The limbus
infantium was said to be a similar place for the souls of unbaptized
infants. To these was added, in the popular belief, the limbus
fatuorum, or fool's paradise, regarded as a receptacle of all vanity
and nonsense.

2. Hence: Any real or imaginary place of restraint or confinement; a
prison; as, to put a man in limbo.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: A border or margin; as, the limbus of the cornea. Etym:
Jamaican E limba to bend, fr. E. limber (1950)]. Often performed at
celebrations, such as weddings. (1950-1996)

LIMBOUS
Lim"bous, a. Etym: [See Limbus.] (Anat.)

Defn: With slightly overlapping borders; -- said of a suture.

LIMBURG CHEESE; LIMBURGER; LIMBURGER CHEESE
Lim"burg cheese, Lim"burg*er, n., Lim"burg*er cheese.

Defn: A soft cheese made in the Belgian province of Limburg
(Limbourg), and usually not eaten until the curing has developed a
peculiar and, to most people, unpleasant odor.

LIME
Lime, n. Etym: [See Leam a string.]

Defn: A thong by which a dog is led; a leash. Halliwell.

LIME
Lime, n. Etym: [Formerly line, for earlier lind. See Linden.] (Bot.)

Defn: The linden tree. See Linden.

LIME
Lime, n. Etym: [F. lime; of Persian origin. See Lemon.] (Bot.)

Defn: A fruit allied to the lemon, but much smaller; also, the tree
which bears it. There are two kinds; Citrus Medica, var. acida which
is intensely sour, and the sweet lime (C. Medica, var. Limetta) which
is only slightly sour.

LIME
Lime, n. Etym: [AS. lim; akin to D. lijm, G. leim, OHG. lim, L. limus
mud, linere to smear, and E. loam. . Cf. Loam, Liniment.]

1. Birdlime.
Like the lime That foolish birds are caught with. Wordsworth.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Oxide of calcium; the white or gray, caustic substance, usually
called quicklime, obtained by calcining limestone or shells, the heat
driving off carbon dioxide and leaving lime. It develops great heat
when treated with water, forming slacked lime, and is an essential
ingredient of cement, plastering, mortar, etc.CaO

Note: Lime is the principal constituent of limestone, marble, chalk,
bones, shells, etc. Caustic lime, calcium hydrate or slacked lime;
also, in a less technical sense, calcium oxide or quicklime.
 -- Lime burner, one who burns limestone, shells, etc., to make lime.
 -- Lime light. See Calcium light under Calcium.
 -- Lime pit, a limestone quarry.
 -- Lime rod, Lime twig, a twig smeared with birdlime; hence, that
which catches; a snare. Chaucer.

LIME
Lime, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Limed; p. pr. & vb. n. Liming.] Etym: [Cf.
AS. geliman to glue or join together. See Lime a viscous substance.]

1. To smear with a viscous substance, as birdlime.
These twigs, in time, will come to be limed. L'Estrange.

2. To entangle; to insnare.
We had limed ourselves With open eyes, and we must take the chance.
Tennyson.

3. To treat with lime, or oxide or hydrate of calcium; to manure with
lime; as, to lime hides for removing the hair; to lime sails in order
to whiten them.
Land may be improved by draining, marling, and liming. Sir J. Child.

4. To cement. "Who gave his blood to lime the stones together." Shak.

LIMEHOUND
Lime"hound`, n. Etym: [Lime a leash + hound.]

Defn: A dog used in hunting the wild boar; a leamer. Spenser.

LIMEKILN
Lime"kiln`, n.

Defn: A kiln or furnace in which limestone or shells are burned and
reduced to lime.

LIMELIGHT
Lime"light`, n. (Theat.)

Defn: That part of the stage upon which the limelight as cast,
usually where the most important action is progressing or where the
leading player or players are placed and upon which the attention of
the spectators is therefore concentrated. Hence, consspicuous
position before the public; as, politicians who are never happy
except in the limelight.

LIMENEAN
Li*men"e*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Lima, or to the inhabitants of Lima, in
Peru.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Lima.

LIMER
Lim"er, n.

Defn: A limehound; a limmer. Chaucer.

LIMERICK
Lim"er*ick, n. [Said to be from a song with the same verse
construction, current in Ireland, the refrain of which  contains the
place name Limerick.]

Defn: A nonsense poem of five anapestic lines, of which  lines 1, 2,
and 5 are of there feet, and rime, and lines 3 and 4 are of two feet,
and rime; as --

There was a young lady, Amanda,
Whose Ballades Lyriques were quite fin de
Siècle, I deem
But her Journal Intime
Was what sent her papa to Uganda.

LIMESTONE
Lime"stone`, n.

Defn: A rock consisting chiefly of calcium carbonate or carbonate of
lime. It sometimes contains also magnesium carbonate, and is then
called magnesian or dolomitic limestone. Crystalline limestone is
called marble.

LIME TWIG
Lime twig

Defn: . See under 4th Lime.

LIME-TWIGGED
Lime"-twigged`, a.

Defn: Beset with snares; insnared, as with birdlime. L. Addison.

LIMEWATER
Lime"wa`ter, n.

Defn: Water impregnated with lime; esp., an artificial solution of
lime for medicinal purposes.

LIMICOLAE
Li*mic"o*læ, n. pl. Etym: [L. limicola a dweller in the mud; limus
mud + colere to dwell.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of shore birds, embracing the plovers, sandpipers,
snipe, curlew, etc. ; the Grallæ.

LIMICOLINE
Li*mic"o*line, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Shore-inhabiting; of or pertaining to the Limicolæ.

LIMINESS
Lim"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being limy.

LIMIT
Lim"it, n. Etym: [From L. limes, limitis: cf. F.limite; -or from E.
limit, v. See Limit, v. t.]

1. That which terminates, circumscribes, restrains, or confines; the
bound, border, or edge; the utmost extent; as, the limit of a walk,
of a town, of a country; the limits of human knowledge or endeavor.
As eager of the chase, the maid Beyond the forest's verdant limits
strayed. Pope.

2. The space or thing defined by limits.
The archdeacon hath divided it Into three limits very equally. Shak.

3. That which terminates a period of time; hence, the period itself;
the full time or extent.
The dateless limit of thy dear exile. Shak.
The limit of your lives is out. Shak.

4. A restriction; a check; a curb; a hindrance.
I prithee, give no limits to my tongue. Shak.

5. (Logic & Metaph.)

Defn: A determining feature; a distinguishing characteristic a
differentia.

6. (Math.)

Defn: A determinate quantity, to which a variable one continually
approaches, and may differ from it by less than any given difference,
but to which, under the law of variation, the variable can never
become exactly equivalent. Elastic limit. See under Elastic.
 -- Prison limits, a definite, extent of space in or around a prison,
within which a prisoner has liberty to go and come.

Syn.
 -- Boundary; border; edge; termination; restriction; bound; confine.

LIMIT
Lim"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Limited; p. pr. & vb. n. Limiting.] Etym:
[F. limiter, L. limitare, fr. limes, limitis, limit; prob. akin to
limen threshold, E. eliminate; cf. L. limus sidelong.]

Defn: To apply a limit to, or set a limit for; to terminate,
circumscribe, or restrict, by a limit or limits; as, to limit the
acreage of a crop; to limit the issue of paper money; to limit one's
ambitions or aspirations; to limit the meaning of a word. Limiting
parallels (Astron.), those parallels of latitude between which only
an occultation of a star or planet by the moon, in a given case, can
occur.

LIMIT
Lim"it, v. i.

Defn: To beg, or to exercise functions, within a certain limited
region; as, a limiting friar. [Obs.]

LIMITABLE
Lim"it*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being limited.

LIMITANEOUS
Lim`i*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. limitancus. See Limit, v. t.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a limit. [Obs.]

LIMITARIAN
Lim`i*ta"ri*an, a.

Defn: Tending to limit.

LIMITARY
Lim"i*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L.limitaris. See Limit , v. t.]

1. Placed at the limit, as a guard. "Proud limitary cherub." Milton.

2. Confined within limits; limited in extent, authority, power, etc.
"The limitary ocean." Trench.
The poor, limitary creature calling himself a man of the world. De
Quincey.

3. Limiting, or tending to limit; restrictive.
Doctrines limitary, if not subversive of the papal power. Milman.

LIMITARY
Lim"i*ta*ry, n.; pl. -ries (.

1. That which serves to limit; a boundary; border land. [Obs.]
Fuller.

2. A limiter. See Limiter, 2.

LIMITATE
Lim"i*tate, a. Etym: [L. limitatus, p. p. of limitare to limit. See
Limit, v. t. ]

Defn: Bounded by a distinct line.

LIMITATION
Lim`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. limitatio: cf. F. Limitation. See Limit,
v. t.]

1. The act of limiting; the state or condition of being limited; as,
the limitation of his authority was approved by the council.
They had no right to mistake the limitation . . . of their own
faculties, for an inherent limitation of the possible modes of
existence in the universe. J. S. Mill.

2. That which limits; a restriction; a qualification; a restraining
condition, defining circumstance, or qualifying conception; as,
limitations of thought.
The cause of error is ignorance what restraints and limitations all
principles have in regard of the matter whereunto they are
applicable. Hooker.

3. A certain precinct within which friars were allowed to beg, or
exercise their functions; also, the time during which they were
permitted to exercise their functions in such a district. Chaucer.
Latimer.

4. A limited time within or during which something is to be done.
You have stood your limitation, and the tribunes Endue you with the
people's voice. Shak.

5. (Law)
(a) A certain period limited by statute after which the claimant
shall not enforce his claims by suit.
(b) A settling of an estate or property by specific rules.
(c) A restriction of power; as, a constitutional limitation. Wharton.
Bouvier. To know one's own limitations, to know the reach and limits
of one's abilities. A. R. Wallace.

LIMITED
Lim"it*ed, a.

Defn: Confined within limits; narrow; circumscribed; restricted; as,
our views of nature are very limited. Limited company, a company in
which the liability of each shareholder is limited by the number of
shares he has taken, so that he can not be called on to contribute
beyond the amount of his shares. [Eng.] Mozley & W.

LIMITEDLY
Lim"it*ed*ly, adv.

Defn: With limitation.

LIMITEDNESS
lim"it*ed*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being limited.

LIMITER
Lim"it*er, n.

1. One who, or that which, limits.

2. A friar licensed to beg within certain bounds, or whose duty was
limited to a certain district. [Formerly written also limitour.]
Chaucer.
A limitour of the Gray Friars, in the time of his limitation,
preached many times, and had one sermon at all times. Latimer.

LIMITIVE
Lim"it*ive, a.

Defn: Involving a limit; as, a limitive law, one designed to limit
existing powers. [R.]

LIMITLESS
Lim"it*less, a.

Defn: Having no limits; unbounded; boundless. Davies (Wit's Pilgr.).

LIMITOUR
Lim"it*our, n.

Defn: See Limiter, 2.

LIMMER
Lim"mer, a.

Defn: Limber. [Obs.] Holland.

LIMMER
Lim"mer, n. Etym: [F. limier. See Leamer.]

1. A limehound; a leamer.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mongrel, as a cross between the mastiff and hound.

3. A low, base fellow; also, a prostitute. [Scot.]
Thieves, limmers, and broken men of the Highlands. Sir W. Scott.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A man rope at the side of a ladder.

LIMN
Limn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Limned; p. pr. & vb. n. Limning.] Etym:
[OE. limnen, fr. luminen, for enluminen, F. enluminer to illuminate,
to limn, LL. illuminare to paint. Illuminate, Luminous.]

1. To draw or paint; especially, to represent in an artistic way with
pencil or brush.
Let a painter carelessly limn out a million of faces, and you shall
find them all different. Sir T. Browne.

2. To illumine, as books or parchments, with ornamental figures,
letters, or borders.

LIM NAEA
Lim *næ"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fresh-water air-breathing mollusks, abundant in
ponds and streams; -- called also pond snail. [Written also Lymnæa.]

LIMNER
Lim"ner, n. Etym: [F. enlumineur, LL. illuminator. See Limn, and cf.
Alluminor.]

Defn: A painter; an artist; esp.:
(a) One who paints portraits.
(b) One who illuminates books. [Archaic]

LIMNIAD
Lim"ni*ad, n. Etym: [Gr. (Myth.)

Defn: See Limoniad.

LIMNING
Lim"ning, n.

Defn: The act, process, or art of one who limns; the picture or
decoration so produced.
Adorned with illumination which we now call limning. Wood.

LIMOGES
Li*moges", n.

Defn: A city of Southern France. Limoges enamel, a kind of enamel
ware in which the enamel is applied to the whole surface of a metal
plaque, vase, or the like, and painted in enamel colors. The art was
brought to a high degree of perfection in Limoges in the 16th
century.
 -- Limoges ware. (a) Articles decorated with Limoges enamel. (b)
Articles of porcelain, etc., manufactured at Limoges.

LIMONIAD
Li*mo"ni*ad, n. Etym: [L. limoniades, pl., Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A nymph of the meadows; -- called also Limniad.

LIMONIN
Li*mo"nin, n. Etym: [From NL. Citrus Medica, var. Limonum, the
scientific name of the lemon.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter, white, crystalline substance found in orange and
lemon seeds.

LIMONITE
Li"mon*ite, n. Etym: [Gr. limonite, G. limonit.] (Min.)

Defn: Hydrous sesquixoide of iron, an important ore of iron,
occurring in stalactitic, mammillary, or earthy forms, of a dark
brown color, yellowish brown powder. It includes bog iron. Also
called brown hematite.

LIMOSIS
Li*mo"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A ravenous appetite caused by disease; excessive and morbid
hunger.

LIMOUS
Li"mous, a. Etym: [L. limosus, fr. limus slime, mud.]

Defn: Muddy; slimy; thick. Sir T. Browne.

LIMOUSINE
Li`mou*sine", n. [Cf. F. limousine a kind of cloak, fr. Limousin, an
old province in central France.]

Defn: An automobile body with seats and permanent top like a coupé,
and with the top projecting over the driver and a projecting front;
also, an automobile with such a body.

LIMP
Limp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Limped; p. pr. & vb. n. Limping.] Etym:
[Cf. AS. lemphealt lame, OHG. limphen to limp, be weak; perh. akin to
E. lame, or to limp, a

Defn: To halt; to walk lamely. Also used figuratively. Shak.

LIMP
Limp, n.

Defn: A halt; the act of limping.

LIMP
Limp, n. (Ore Washing)

Defn: A scraper for removing poor ore or refuse from the sieve.

LIMP
Limp, a. Etym: [Cf. Icel. limpa limpness, weakness, and E.lap, n.,
lop, v. t. Cf. Limber, a.]

1. Flaccid; flabby, as flesh. Walton.

2. Lacking stiffness; flimsy; as, a limp cravat.

LIMPER
Limp"er, n.

Defn: One who limps.

LIMPET
Lim"pet, n. Etym: [Prob. through French fr. L. lepas, -adis, Gr.
(Zoöl.)

1. In a general sense, any hatshaped, or conical, gastropod shell.

2. Any one of many species of marine shellfish of the order
Docoglossa, mostly found adhering to rocks, between tides.

Note: The common European limpets of the genus Patella (esp. P.
vulgata) are extensively used as food. The common New England species
is Acmæa testudinalis. Numerous species of limpets occur on the
Pacific coast of America, some of them of large size.

3. Any species of Siphonaria, a genus of limpet-shaped Pulmonifera,
living between tides, on rocks.

4. A keyhole limpet. See Fissurella.

LIMPID
Lim"pid, a. Etym: [L.limpidus; akin to Gr. limpide. Cf. Lamp.]

Defn: Characterized by clearness or transparency; clear; as, a limpid
stream.
Springs which were clear, fresh, and limpid. Woodward.

Syn.
 -- Clear; transparent; pellucid; lucid; pure; crystal; translucent;
bright.

LIMPIDITY
Lim*pid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. limpiditas: cf. F. limpidité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being limpid.

LIMPIDNESS
Lim"pid*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being limpid; limpidity.

LIMPIN
Lim"pin, n.

Defn: A limpet. [Obs.] Holland.

LIMPINGLY
Limp"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a limping manner.

LIMPITUDE
Limp"i*tude, n.

Defn: Limpidity. [Obs.]

LIMPKIN
Limp"kin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Either one of two species of wading birds of the genus Aramus,
intermediate between the cranes and rails. The limpkins are
remarkable for the great length of the toes. One species (A.
giganteus) inhabits Florida and the West Indies; the other (A.
scolopaceus) is found in South America. Called also courlan, and
crying bird.

LIMPNESS
Limp"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being limp.

LIMPSY; LIMSY
Limp"sy, Lim"sy, a. Etym: [See Limp, a., and cf. W. llymsi having a
fickle motion, weak. Cf. Flimsy.]

Defn: Limp; flexible; flimsy. [Local, U. S.]

LIMU
Li"mu, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The Hawaiian name for seaweeds. Over sixty kinds are used as
food, and have species names, as Limu Lipoa, Limu palawai, etc.

LIMULE
Lim"ule, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A limulus.

LIMULOIDEA
Lim`u*loi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Limulus, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Merostomata, including among living animals the
genus Limulus, with various allied fossil genera, mostly of the
Carboniferous period. Called also Xiphosura.

Note: There are six pairs of leglike organs, surrounding the mouth,
most of which terminate in claws; those of the first pair (probably
mandibles) are the smallest; the others have the basal joints
thickened and spinose, to serve as jaws, while the terminal joints
serve as legs. This group is intermediate, in some characteristics,
between crustaceans and certain arachnids (scorpions), but the
respiration is by means of lamellate gills borne upon the five
posterior abdominal appendages, which are flat and united in pairs by
their inner edges, and are protected by the lidlike anterior pair,
which also bear the genital orifices.

LIMULUS
Lim"u*lus, n.; pl. Limuli (-li). Etym: [L., dim. of limus sidelong,
askance.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The only existing genus of Merostomata. It includes only a few
species from the East Indies, and one (Limulus polyphemus) from the
Atlantic coast of North America. Called also Molucca crab, king crab,
horseshoe crab, and horsefoot.

LIMY
Lim"y, a. Etym: [See 4th Lime.]

1. Smeared with, or consisting of, lime; viscous. "Limy snares.'
Spenser.

2. Containing lime; as, a limy soil.

3. Resembling lime; having the qualities of lime.

LIN
Lin, v. i. Etym: [AS. linnan. See Lithe.]

Defn: To yield; to stop; to cease. [Obs. or Scot.] Marsion.

LIN
Lin, n. Etym: [Ir. linn, or Gael. linne; akin to W. llyn a pool,
pond, lake, but in senses 2 and 3 prob. from AS.hlynn torrent. Cf.
Dunlin.]

1. A pool or collection of water, particularly one above or below a
fall of water.

2. A waterfall, or cataract; as, a roaring lin.

3. A steep ravine.

Note: Written also linn and lyn.

LINAGE
Lin"age, n.

Defn: See Lineage. [Obs.] Holland.

LINAMENT
Lin"a*ment, n. Etym: [L. linamentum, fr. linum flax.] (Surg.)

Defn: Lint; esp., lint made into a tent for insertion into wounds or
ulcers.

LINARITE
Li*nar`ite, n. Etym: [So called because formerly supposed to occur at
Linares, in Spain.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous sulphate of lead and copper occurring in bright blue
monoclinic crystals.

LINCH
Linch, n. Etym: [AS. hlinc a hill.]

Defn: A ledge; a right-angled projection.

LINCHI
Lin"chi, n. Etym: [Native Chinese name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An esculent swallow.

LINCHPIN
Linch"pin`, n. Etym: [AS. lynis the axletree; akin to D. luns
linchpin, OS. lunisa, LG. lunse, G. lünse, OHG. lun peg, bolt.]

Defn: A pin used to prevent the wheel of a vehicle from sliding off
the axletree.

LINCOLN GREEN
Lin"coln green"

Defn: . A color of cloth formerly made in Lincoln, England; the cloth
itself.

LINCTURE; LINCTUS
Linc"ture, Linc"tus, n. Etym: [L. lingere, linctum, to lick.]

Defn: Medicine taken by licking with the tongue.

LIND
Lind, n.

Defn: The linden. See Linden. Chaucer.

LINDEN
Lin"den, n. Etym: [Orig. an adj. from lind linden tree, AS. lind;
akin to D. & G. linde, OHG. linta, Icel., Sw., & Dan. lind. Cf. Lime
linden.] (Bot.)
(a) A handsome tree (Tilia Europæa), having cymes of light yellow
flowers, and large cordate leaves. The tree is common in Europe.
(b) In America, the basswood, or Tilia Americana.

LINDIA
Lin"di*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar genus of rotifers, remarkable for the absence of
ciliated disks. By some zoölogists it is thought to be like the
ancestral form of the Arthropoda.

LINDIFORM
Lin"di*form, a. Etym: [Lindia + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling the genus Lindia; -- said of certain apodous insect
larvæ. [See Illust. under Larva.]

LINE
Line, n. Etym: [OE. lin. See Linen.]

1. Flax; linen. [Obs.] "Garments made of line." Spenser.

2. The longer and fiber of flax.

LINE
Line, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lined; p. pr. & vb. n. Lining.]

1. To cover the inner surface of; as, to line a cloak with silk or
fur; to line a box with paper or tin.
The inside lined with rich carnation silk. W. Browne.

2. To put something in the inside of; to fill; to supply, as a purse
with money.
The charge amounteth very high for any one man's purse, except lined
beyond ordinary, to reach unto. Carew.
Till coffee has her stomach lined. Swift.

3. To place persons or things along the side of for security or
defense; to strengthen by adding; to fortify; as, to line works with
soldiers.
Line and new repair our towns of war With men of courage and with
means defendant. Shak.

4. To impregnate; -- applied to brute animals. Creech. Lined gold,
gold foil having a lining of another metal.

LINE
Line, n. Etym: [OE. line, AS. line cable, hawser, prob. from L. linea
a linen thread, string, line, fr. linum flax, thread, linen, cable;
but the English word was influenced by F. ligne line, from the same
L. word linea. See Linen.]

1. linen thread or string; a slender, strong cord; also, a cord of
any thickness; a rope; a hawser; as, a fishing line; a line for
snaring birds; a clothesline; a towline.
Who so layeth lines for to latch fowls. Piers Plowman.

2. A more or less threadlike mark of pen, pencil, or graver; any long
mark; as, a chalk line.

3. The course followed by anything in motion; hence, a road or route;
as, the arrow descended in a curved line; the place is remote from
lines of travel.

4. Direction; as, the line sight or vision.

5. A row of letters, words, etc., written or printed; esp., a row of
words extending across a page or column.

6. A short letter; a note; as, a line from a friend.

7. (Poet.)

Defn: A verse, or the words which form a certain number of feet,
according to the measure.
In the preceding line Ulysses speaks of Nausicaa. Broome.

8. Course of conduct, thought, occupation, or policy; method of
argument; department of industry, trade, or intellectual activity.
He is uncommonly powerful in his own line, but it is not the line of
a first-rate man. Coleridge.

9. (Math.)

Defn: That which has length, but not breadth or thickness.

10. The exterior limit of a figure, plat, or territory; boundary;
contour; outline.
Eden stretched her line From Auran eastward to the royal towers Of
great Seleucia. Milton.

11. A threadlike crease marking the face or the hand; hence,
characteristic mark.
Though on his brow were graven lines austere. Byron.
He tipples palmistry, and dines On all her fortune-telling lines.
Cleveland.

12. Lineament; feature; figure. "The lines of my boy's face." Shak.

13. A straight row; a continued series or rank; as, a line of houses,
or of soldiers; a line of barriers.
Unite thy forces and attack their lines. Dryden.

14. A series or succession of ancestors or descand ants of a given
person; a family or race; as, the ascending or descending line; the
line of descent; the male line; a line of kings.
Of his lineage am I, and his offspring By very line, as of the stock
real. Chaucer.

15. A connected series of public conveyances, and hence, an
established arrangement for forwarding merchandise, etc. ; as, a line
of stages; an express line.

16. (Geog.)
(a) A circle of latitude or of longitude, as represented on a map.
(b) The equator; -- usually called the line, or equinoctial line; as,
to cross the line.

17. A long tape, or a narrow ribbon of steel, etc., marked with
subdivisions, as feet and inches, for measuring; a tapeline.

18. (Script.)
(a) A measuring line or cord.
He marketh it out with a line. Is. xliv. 13.

(b) That which was measured by a line, as a field or any piece of
land set apart; hence, allotted place of abode.
The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places; yes. I have a goodly
heritage. Ps. xvi. 6.

(c) Instruction; doctrine.
Their line is gone out through all the earth. Ps. xix. 4.

19. (Mach.)

Defn: The proper relative position or adjustment of parts, not as to
design or proportion, but with reference to smooth working; as, the
engine is in line or out of line or out of line.

20. The track and roadbed of a railway; railroad.

21. (Mil.)
(a) A row of men who are abreast of one another, whether side by side
or some distance apart; -- opposed to column.
(b) The regular infantry of an army, as distinguished from militia,
guards, volunteer corps, cavalry, artillery, etc.

22. (Fort.)
(a) A trench or rampart. (b) pl.

Defn: Dispositions made to cover extended positions, and presenting a
front in but one direction to an enemy.

23. pl. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: form of a vessel as shown by the outlines of vertical,
horizontal, and obique sections.

24. (Mus.)

Defn: One of the straight horizontal and parallel prolonged strokes
on and between which the notes are placed.

25. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: A number of shares taken by a jobber.

26. (Trade)

Defn: A series of various qualities and values of the same general
class of articles; as, a full line of hosiery; a line of merinos,
etc. McElrath.

27. The wire connecting one telegraphic station with another, or the
whole of a system of telegraph wires under one management and name.

28. pl.

Defn: The reins with which a horse is guided by his driver. [U. S.]

29. A measure of length; one twelfth of an inch. Hard lines, hard
lot. C. Kingsley. [See Def. 18.] -- Line breeding (Stockbreeding),
breeding by a certain family line of descent, especially in the
selection of the dam or mother.
 -- Line conch (Zoöl.), a spiral marine shell (Fasciolaria distans),
of Florida and the West Indies. It is marked by narrow, dark,
revolving lines.
 -- Line engraving. (a) Engraving in which the effects are produced
by lines of different width and closeness, cut with the burin upon
copper or similar material; also, a plate so engraved. (b) A picture
produced by printing from such an engraving.
 -- Line of battle. (a) (Mil Tactics) The position of troops drawn up
in their usual order without any determined maneuver. (b) (Naval) The
line or arrangement formed by vessels of war in an engagement.
 -- Line of battle ship. See Ship of the line, below.
 -- Line of beauty (Fine Arts),an abstract line supposed to be
beautiful in itself and absolutely; -- differently represented by
different authors, often as a kind of elongated S (like the one drawn
by Hogarth).
 -- Line of centers. (Mach.) (a) A line joining two centers, or
fulcra, as of wheels or levers. (b) A line which determines a dead
center. See Dead center, under Dead.
 -- Line of dip (Geol.), a line in the plane of a stratum, or part of
a stratum, perpendicular to its intersection with a horizontal plane;
the line of greatest inclination of a stratum to the horizon.
 -- Line of fire (Mil.), the direction of fire.
 -- Line of force (Physics), any line in a space in which forces are
acting, so drawn that at every point of the line its tangent is the
direction of the resultant of all the forces. It cuts at right angles
every equipotential surface which it meets. Specifically (Magnetism),
a line in proximity to a magnet so drawn that any point in it is
tangential with the direction of a short compass needle held at that
point. Faraday.
 -- Line of life (Palmistry), a line on the inside of the hand,
curving about the base of the thumb, supposed to indicate, by its
form or position, the length of a person's life.
 -- Line of lines. See Gunter's line.
 -- Line of march. (Mil.) (a) Arrangement of troops for marching. (b)
Course or direction taken by an army or body of troops in marching.
 -- Line of operations, that portion of a theater of war which an
army passes over in attaining its object. H. W. Halleck.
 -- Line of sight (Firearms), the line which passes through the front
and rear sight, at any elevation, when they are sighted at an object.
 -- Line tub (Naut.), a tub in which the line carried by a whaleboat
is coiled.
 -- Mason and Dixon's line, the boundary line between Pennsylvania
and Maryland, as run before the Revolution (1764-1767) by two English
astronomers named Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon. In an extended
sense, the line between the free and the slave States.
 -- On the line, on a level with the eye of the spectator; -- said of
a picture, as hung in an exhibition of pictures.
 -- Right line a picture, as hung in an exhibition of pictures.
 -- Right line, a straight line; the shortest line that can be drawn
between two points.
 -- Ship of the line, formerly, a ship of war large enough to have a
place in the line of battle; a vessel superior to a frigate; usually,
a seventy-four, or three-decker; -- called also line of battle ship.
Totten.
 -- To cross the line, to cross the equator, as a vessel at sea.
 -- To give a person line, to allow him more or less liberty until it
is convenient to stop or check him, like a hooked fish that swims
away with the line.
 -- Water line (Shipbuilding), the outline of a horizontal section of
a vessel, as when floating in the water.

LINE
Line, v. t.

1. To mark with a line or lines; to cover with lines; as, to line a
copy book.
He had a healthy color in his cheeks, and his face, though lined,
bore few traces of anxiety. Dickens.

2. To represent by lines; to delineate; to portray. [R.] "Pictures
fairest lined." Shak.

3. To read or repeat line by line; as, to line out a hymn.
This custom of reading or lining, or, as it was frequently called
"deaconing' the hymn or psalm in the churches, was brought about
partly from necessity. N. D. Gould.

4. To form into a line; to align; as, to line troops. To line bees,
to track wild bees to their nest by following their line of flight.
 -- To line up (Mach.), to put in alignment; to put in correct
adjustment for smooth running. See 3d Line, 19.

LINEAGE
Lin"e*age, n. Etym: [OE. linage, F. lignage, fr. L. linea line. See
3d Line.]

Defn: Descent in a line from a common progenitor; progeny; race;
descending line of offspring or ascending line of parentage.
Both the lineage and the certain sire From which I sprung, from me
are hidden yet. Spenser.

LINEAL
Lin"e*al, a. Etym: [L. linealis belonging to a line, fr. linea line:
cf. F. linéal. See 3d Line.]

1. Descending in a direct line from an ancestor; hereditary; derived
from ancestors; -- opposed to collateral; as, a lineal descent or a
lineal descendant.
The prime and ancient right of lineal succession. Locke.

2. Inheriting by direct descent; having the right by direct descent
to succeed (to).
For only you are lineal to the throne. Dryden.

3. Composed of lines; delineated; as, lineal designs.

4. In the direction of a line; of a line; of or pertaining to a line;
measured on, or ascertained by, a line; linear; as, lineal magnitude.
Lineal measure, the measure of length; -- usually written linear
measure.

LINEALITY
Lin`e*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being linea

LINEALLY
Lin"e*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lineal manner; as, the prince is lineally descended from
the Conqueror.

LINEAMENT
Lin"e*a*ment, n. Etym: [L. lineamentum, fr. linea line: cf. F.
linéament. See 3d Line.]

Defn: One of the outlines, exterior features, or distinctive marks,
of a body or figure, particularly of the face; feature; form; mark; -
- usually in the plural. "The lineaments of the body." Locke.
"Lineaments in the character." Swift.
Man he seems In all his lineaments. Milton.

LINEAR
Lin"e*ar, a. Etym: [L. linearis, linearius , fr. linea line: cf. F.
linéaire. See 3d Line.]

1. Of or pertaining to a line; consisting of lines; in a straight
direction; lineal.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Like a line; narrow; of the same breadth throughout, except at
the extremities; as, a linear leaf. Linear differential (Math.), an
equation which is of the first degree, when the expression which is
equated to zero is regarded as a function of the dependent variable
and its differential coefficients.
 -- Linear equation (Math.), an equation of the first degree between
two variables; -- so called because every such equation may be
considered as representing a right line.
 -- Linear measure, the measurement of length.
 -- Linear numbers (Math.), such numbers as have relation to length
only: such is a number which represents one side of a plane figure.
If the plane figure is square, the linear figure is called a root.
 -- Linear problem (Geom.), a problem which may be solved
geometrically by the use of right lines alone.
 -- Linear transformation (Alg.), a change of variables where each
variable is replaced by a function of the first degree in the new
variable.

LINEARENSATE
Lin`e*ar*en"sate, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of a sword, but very long and narrow.

LINEARLY
Lin"e*ar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a linear manner; with lines.

LINEAR-SHAPED
Lin"e*ar-shaped`, a.

Defn: Of a linear shape.

LINEARY
Lin"e*a*ry, a.

Defn: Linear. Holland.

LINEATE; LINEATED
Lin"e*ate, Lin"e*a`ted, a. Etym: [L. lineatus, p. p. of lineare to
reduce to a straight line, fr. linea line.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Marked with lines.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Marked longitudinally with depressed parallel lines; as, a
lineate leaf.

LINEATION
Lin`e*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. lineatio the drawing of a line, fr.
lineare.]

Defn: Delineation; a line or lines.

LINEATURE
Lin"e*a*ture, n.

Defn: Anything having outline. [R.] Holland.

LINEMAN
Line"man, n.; pl. Linemen (.

1. One who carried the line in surveying, etc.

2. A man employed to examine the rails of a railroad to see if they
are in good condition; also, a man employed to repair telegraph
lines.

LINEN
Lin"en, a. Etym: [OE., fr. lin linen. See Linen, n.

1.]

Defn: Made of linen; as, linen cloth; a linen stocking.

2. Resembling linen cloth; white; pale.

LINEN
Lin"en, n. Etym: [Prop. an adj. from OE. lin. flax, AS. lin flax,
whence linen made of flax; akin to OS., Icel., & MHG. lin flax and
linen, G. lein, leinen, linen, Sw. lin flax, Goth. lein linen, L.
linum flax, linen, Gr. Line, Linseed.]

1. Thread or cloth made of flax or (rarely) of hemp; -- used in a
general sense to include cambric, shirting, sheeting, towels,
tablecloths, etc. "In linen white as milk." Robert of Brunne.

2. Underclothing, esp. the shirt, as being, in former times, chiefly
made of linen. Linen draper, a dealer in linen.
 -- Linen prover, a small microscope for counting the threads in a
given space in linen fabrics.
 -- Linen scroll, Linen pattern (Arch.), an ornament for filling
panels, copied from the folds of a piece of stuff symmetrically
disposed.

LINENER
Lin"en*er, n.

Defn: A dealer in linen; a linen draper. [Obs.]

LINEOLATE
Lin"e*o*late, a. Etym: [L. lineola, dim. of linea line.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Marked with little lines.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Marked longitudinally with fine lines. Gray.

LINER
Lin"er, n.

1. One who lines, as, a liner of shoes.

2. A vessel belonging to a regular line of packets; also, a line-of-
battle ship; a ship of the line.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: A thin piece placed between two parts to hold or adjust them,
fill a space, etc., ; a shim.

4. (Steam Engine)

Defn: A lining within the cylinder, in which the piston works and
between which and the outer shell of the cylinder a space is left to
form a steam jacket.

5. A slab on which small pieces of marble, tile, etc., are fastened
for grinding.

6. (Baseball)

Defn: A ball which, when struck, flies through the air in a nearly
straight line not far from the ground.

LINE-UP; LINEUP
Line"-up`, Line"up`, n.

Defn: The formation of football players before the start or a restart
of play; hence (Colloq.),

Defn: any arrangement of persons (rarely, of things), esp. when
having a common purpose or sentiment; as, the line-up at a ticket-
office window; the line-up of political factions.

-LING
-ling. Etym: [AS. -ling.]

Defn: A noun suffix, commonly having a diminutive or a depreciatory
force; as in duck-ling, dosling, hireling, fosterling, firstling,
underling.

-LING
-ling

Defn: . An adverbial suffix; as, darkling, flatling.

LING
Ling, n. Etym: [OE. lenge; akin to D. leng, G. länge, Dan. lange, Sw.
l, Icel. langa. So named from its being long. See Long, a.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A large, marine, gadoid fish (Molva vulgaris) of Northern Europe
and Greenland. It is valued as a food fish and is largely salted and
dried. Called also drizzle.
(b) The burbot of Lake Ontario.
(c) An American hake of the genus Phycis. [Canada]
(d) A New Zealand food fish of the genus Genypterus. The name is also
locally applied to other fishes, as the cultus cod, the mutton fish,
and the cobia.

LING
Ling, n. Etym: [Icel. lyng; akin to Dan. lyng, Sw. ljung.] (Bot.)

Defn: Heather (Calluna vulgaris). Ling honey, a sort of wild honey,
made from the flowers of the heather. Holland.

LINGA; LINGAM
Lin"ga, Lin"gam, n. Etym: [Skr. linga.]

Defn: The phallic symbol under which Siva is principally worshiped in
his character of the creative and reproductive power. Whitworth. E.
Arnold.

LING-BIRD
Ling"-bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European meadow pipit; -- called also titling.

LINGEL
Lin"gel, n. Etym: [F. ligneul, dim. of L. linea a linen thread.]

1. A shoemaker's thread. [Obs.]

2. A little tongue or thong of leather; a lacing for belts. Crabb.

LINGENCE
Lin"gence, n. Etym: [L. lingere to lick.]

Defn: A linctus. [Obs.] Fuller.

LINGER
Lin"ger, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lingered; p. pr. & vb. n. Lingering.]
Etym: [OE. lengen to tarry, AS. lengan to prolong, put off, fr. lang
long. Long, a.]

Defn: To delay; to loiter; to remain or wait long; to be slow or
reluctant in parting or moving; to be slow in deciding; to be in
suspense; to hesitate.
Nor cast one longing, lingering look behind. Gray.
Perhaps thou linger'st, in deep thoughts detained. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To loiter; lag; saunter; delay; tarry; stop; hesitate.

LINGER
Lin"ger, v. t.

1. To protract; to draw out. [Obs.]
She lingers my desires. Shak.

2. To spend or pass in lingering manner; -- with out; as, to linger
out one's days on a sick bed. Dryden.

LINGERER
Lin"ger*er, n.

Defn: One who lingers. Guardian.

LINGERIE
Lin`ge*rie, n. [F.]

Defn: Linen goods collectively; linen underwear, esp. of women; the
clothing of linen and cotton with its lace, etc., worn by a women.

LINGERING
Lin"ger*ing, a.

1. Delaying.

2. Drawn out in time; remaining long; protracted; as, a lingering
disease.
To die is the fate of man; but to die with lingering anguish is
generally his folly. Rambler.

LINGERINGLY
Lin"ger*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With delay; slowly; tediously.

LINGET
Lin"get, n. Etym: [F. lingot, perh. fr. L. lingua tongue (see
Tongue). Cf. Ingot.]

Defn: An ingot. [Written also lingot.]

LINGISM
Ling"ism, n.

Defn: A mode of treating certain diseases, as obesity, by gymnastics;
-- proposed by Pehr Henrik Ling, a Swede. See Kinesiatrics.

LINGLE
Lin"gle, n.

Defn: See Lingel.

LINGO
Lin"go, n. Etym: [L. lingua tongue, language. See Lingual.]

Defn: Language; speech; dialect. [Slang]

LINGOA WOOD
Lin*go"a wood`

Defn: . Amboyna wood.

LINGOT
Lin"got, n.

Defn: A linget or ingot; also, a mold for casting metals. See Linget.

LINGUA
Lin"gua, n.; pl. Linguæ. Etym: [L., the tongue.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A tongue.
(b) A median process of the labium, at the under side of the mouth in
insects, and serving as a tongue.

LINGUACIOUS
Lin*gua"cious, a. Etym: [L. linguax, -acis, loquacious, fr. lingua
tongue.]

Defn: Given to the use of the tongue; loquacious. [Obs.]

LINGUADENTAL
Lin`gua*den"tal, a. Etym: [L. lingua tongue + E. dental.] (Phonetics)

Defn: Formed or uttered by the joint use of the tongue and teeth, or
rather that part of the gum just above the front teeth; dentolingual,
as the letters d and t.

LINGUADENTAL
Lin`gua*den"tal, n. (Phonetics)

Defn: An articulation pronounced by the aid or use of the tongue and
teeth.

LINGUA FRANCA
Lin"gua Fran"ca. Etym: [It., prop., language of the Franks.]

Defn: The commercial language of the Levant, -- a mixture of the
language of the people of the region and foreign traders.

LINGUAL
Lin"gual, a. Etym: [L. lingua tongue: cf. F. lingual. See Tongue, and
cf. Language.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tongue; uttered by the aid of the
tongue; glossal; as, the lingual nerves; a lingual letter. Lingual
ribbon. (Zoöl.) See Odontophore.

LINGUAL
Lin"gual, n.

Defn: A consonant sound formed by the aid of the tongue; -- a term
especially applied to certain articulations (as those of t, d, th,
and n) and to the letters denoting them.

Note: In Sanskrit grammar certain letters, as t, th, d, dh, n, are
called linguals, cerebrals, or cacuminals. They are uttered with the
tip of the tongue turned up and drawn back into the dome of the
palate.

LINGUALITY
Lin*gual"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being lingual.

LINGUATULIDA
Lin`gua*tu"li*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. lingua tongue.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Linguatulina.

LINGUATULINA
Lin*guat`*u*li"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. lingua tongue.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of wormlike, degraded, parasitic arachnids. They have
two pairs of retractile hooks, near the mouth. Called also
Pentastomida.

Note: The adults of some species inhabit the nostrils and nasal
sinuses of dogs and other carnivores. The young, after being
swallowed by sheep, rabbits, etc., find their way to the lungs and
liver and become encysted. These, when eaten by carnivores, develop
into the adult forms.

LINGUIDENTAL
Lin`gui*den"tal, a. & n.

Defn: Linguadental.

LINGUIFORM
Lin"gui*form, a. Etym: [L. lingua tongue + -form: cf. F.
linguiforme.]

Defn: Having the form of the tongue; tongue-shaped.

LINGUIST
Lin"guist, n. Etym: [L. lingua tongue, speech, language: cf. F.
linguiste.]

1. A master of the use of language; a talker. [Obs.]
I'll dispute with him; He's a rare linguist. J. Webster.

2. A person skilled in languages.
There too were Gibbon, the greatest historian, and Jones, the
greatest linguist, of the age. Macaulay.

LINGUISTIC; LINGUISTICAL
Lin*guis"tic, Lin*guis"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. linguistique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to language; relating to linguistics, or to
the affinities of languages.

LINGUISTICALLY
Lin*guis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a linguistic manner; from the point of view of a linguist.
Tylor.

LINGUISTICS
Lin*guis"tics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. linguistique.]

Defn: The science of languages, or of the origin, signification, and
application of words; glossology.

LINGULA
Lin"gu*la, n.; pl. -læ. Etym: [L., a little tongue.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A tonguelike process or part.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of brachiopod shells belonging to
the genus Lingula, and related genera. See Brachiopoda, and
Illustration in Appendix. Lingula flags (Geol.), a group of strata in
the lower Silurian or Cambrian system of Wales, in which some of the
layers contain vast numbers of a species of Lingula.

LINGULATE
Lin"gu*late, a. Etym: [L. lingulatus, fr. lingula a little tongue.
Cf. Ligulate.]

Defn: Shaped like the tongue or a strap; ligulate.

LINIGEROUS
Li*nig"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. linum flax + -gerous.]

Defn: Bearing flax; producing linen.

LINIMENT
Lin"i*ment, n. Etym: [L. linimentum, fr. linire, linere, to besmear,
anoint : cf. F. liniment. Cf. Letter, Lime a viscous substance.]

Defn: A liquid or semiliquid preparation of a consistence thinner
than an ointment, applied to the skin by friction, esp. one used as a
sedative or a stimulant.

LINING
Lin"ing, n. Etym: [See Line to cover the in side.]

1. The act of one who lines; the act or process of making lines, or
of inserting a lining.

2. That which covers the inner surface of anything, as of a garment
or a box; also, the contents of anything.
The lining of his coffers shall make coats To deck our soldiers.
Shak.

LINK
Link, n. Etym: [Prob. corrupted from lint and this for lunt a torch,
match, D. lont match; akin to G. lunte, cf. MHG. lünden to burn. Cf.
Lunt, Linstock.]

Defn: A torch made of tow and pitch, or the like. Shak.

LINK
Link, n. Etym: [OE. linke, AS. hlence; akin to Sw. länk ring of a
chain, Dan. lænke chain, Icel. hlekkr; cf. G. gelenk joint, link,
ring of a chain, lenken to bend.]

1. A single ring or division of a chain.

2. Hence: Anything, whether material or not, which binds together, or
connects, separate things; a part of a connected series; a tie; a
bond. "Links of iron." Shak.

The link of brotherhood, by which One common Maker bound me to the
kind. Cowper.
And so by double links enchained themselves in lover's life.
Gascoigne.

3. Anything doubled and closed like a link; as, a link of horsehair.
Mortimer.

4. (Kinematics)

Defn: Any one of the several elementary pieces of a mechanism, as the
fixed frame, or a rod, wheel, mass of confined liquid, etc., by which
relative motion of other parts is produced and constrained.

5. (Mach.)

Defn: Any intermediate rod or piece for transmitting force or motion,
especially a short connecting rod with a bearing at each end;
specifically (Steam Engine), the slotted bar, or connecting piece, to
the opposite ends of which the eccentric rods are jointed, and by
means of which the movement of the valve is varied, in a link motion.

6. (Surveying)

Defn: The length of one joint of Gunter's chain, being the hundredth
part of it, or 7.92 inches, the chain being 66 feet in length. Cf.
Chain, n., 4.

7. (Chem.)

Defn: A bond of affinity, or a unit of valence between atoms; --
applied to a unit of chemical force or attraction.

8. pl.

Defn: Sausages; -- because linked together. [Colloq.]

LINK
Link, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Linked; p. pr. & vb. n. Linking.]

Defn: To connect or unite with a link or as with a link; to join; to
attach; to unite; to couple.
All the tribes and nations that composed it [the Roman Empire] were
linked together, not only by the same laws and the same government,
but by all the facilities of commodious intercourse, and of frequent
communication. Eustace.

LINK
Link, v. i.

Defn: To be connected.
No one generation could link with the other. Burke.

LINKAGE
Link"age, n.

1. The act of linking; the state of being linked; also, a system of
links.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Manner of linking or of being linked; -- said of the union of
atoms or radicals in the molecule.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: A system of straight lines or bars, fastened together by joins,
and having certain of their points fixed in a plane. It is used to
describe straight lines and curves in the plane.

LINKBOY; LINKMAN
Link"boy`, Link"man, n. Etym: [See 1st Link.]

Defn: A boy or man that carried a link or torch to light passengers.

LINK MOTION
Link" mo"tion. (Steam Engine)

Defn: A valve gear, consisting of two eccentrics with their rods,
giving motion to a slide valve by an adjustable connecting bar,
called the link, in such a way that the motion of the engine can be
reversed, or the cut-off varied, at will; -- used very generally in
locomotives and marine engines.

Note: The illustration shows a link motion for a vertical engine, c
representing the shaft carrying two eccentrics, a and b, for making
the engine run forward and backward, respectively, their rods e and d
being jointed to opposite ends of the slotted link f, in the opening
of which is a pin g which is attached to the valve rod h. The valve
will receive the motion of the forward eccentric when is in the
position shown, and the motion of the backward eccentric when the
link is shifted so far to the right as to bring e in line with h, or
a compound motion derived from both eccentrics when the link is
shifted to intermediate positions, the compound motion causing the
valve to cut off the steam at a point determined by the position to
which the link may have been shifted.

LINKS
Links, n. [The pl. form of Link, but often construed as a sing.]

Defn: A tract of ground laid out for the game of golf; a golfing
green.

A second links has recently been opened at Prestwick, and another at
Troon, on the same coast.
P. P. Alexander.

LINKWORK
Link"work`, n.

1. A fabric consisting of links made of metal or other material
fastened together; also, a chain.
And thou shalt make hooks of gold, and two chains of fine gold;
linkwork and wreathed. Udall.

2. Mechanism in which links, or intermediate connecting pieces, are
employed to transmit motion from one part to another.

LINNAEA BOREALIS
Lin*næ"a bo`re*a"lis. Etym: [NL.Linnaeus Linnæan + L. borealis
northern.] (Bot.)

Defn: The twin flower which grows in cold northern climates.

LINNAEAN; LINNEAN
Lin*næ"an, Lin*ne"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Linnæus, the celebrated Swedish botanist.
Linnaean system (Bot.), the system in which the classes are founded
mainly upon the stamens, and the orders upon the pistils; the
artificial or sexual system.

LINNAEITE
Lin*næ"ite, n. Etym: [See Linnæan.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of pale steel-gray color and metallic luster,
occurring in isometric crystals, and also massive. It is a sulphide
of cobalt containing some nickel or copper.

LINNE
Linne, n.

Defn: Flax. See Linen. [Obs.]

LINNET
Lin"net, n. Etym: [F. linot, linotte, from L. linum flax; or perh.
shortened from AS.linetwige, fr. AS. lin flax; -- so called because
it feeds on the seeds of flax and hemp. See Linen.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of fringilline birds of the genera
Linota, Acanthis, and allied genera, esp. the common European species
(L. cannabina), which, in full summer plumage, is chestnut brown
above, with the breast more or less crimson. The feathers of its head
are grayish brown, tipped with crimson. Called also gray linnet, red
linnet, rose linnet, brown linnet, lintie, lintwhite, gorse thatcher,
linnet finch, and greater redpoll. The American redpoll linnet
(Acanthis linaria) often has the crown and throat rosy. See Redpoll,
and Twite. Green linnet (Zoöl.), the European green finch.

LINOLEATE
Li*no"le*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of linoleic acid.

LINOLEIC
Li*no"le*ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, linoleum, or linseed oil;
specifically (Chem.), designating an organic acid, a thin yellow oil,
found combined as a salt of glycerin in oils of linseed, poppy, hemp,
and certain nuts.

LINOLEUM
Li*no"le*um, n. Etym: [L. linum flax + oleum oil.]

1. Linseed oil brought to various degrees of hardness by some
oxidizing process, as by exposure to heated air, or by treatment with
chloride of sulphur. In this condition it is used for many of the
purposes to which India rubber has been applied.

2. A kind of floor cloth made by laying hardened linseed oil mixed
with ground cork on a canvas backing.

LINOTYPE
Lin"o*type, n. [See Line ; Type.] (Print.)
 (a) A kind of typesetting machine which produces castings, each of
which corresponds to a line of separate types. By pressing upon keys
like those of a typewriter the matrices for one line are properly
arranged; the stereotype, or slug, is then cast and planed, and the
matrices are returned to their proper places, the whole process being
automatic.
 (b) The slug produced by the machine, or matter composed in such
lines. --Lin"o*typ`ist (#), n.

LINOXIN
Li*nox"in, n. Etym: [Linoleic + oxygen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A resinous substance obtained as an oxidation product of
linoleic acid. [Written also linoxyn.]

LINSANG
Lin*sang", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any viverrine mammal of the genus Prionodon, inhabiting the
East Indies and Southern Asia. The common East Indian linsang (P.
gracilis) is white, crossed by broad, black bands. The Guinea linsang
(Porana Richardsonii) is brown with black spots.

LINSEED
Lin"seed`, n. Etym: [OE. lin flax + seed. See Linen.] (Bot.)

Defn: The seeds of flax, from which linseed oil is obtained. [Written
also lintseed.] Linseed cake, the solid mass or cake which remains
when oil is expressed.
 -- Linseed meal, linseed cake reduced to powder.
 -- Linseed oil, oil obtained by pressure from flaxseed.

LINSEY
Lin"sey, n. Etym: [See Linen.]

Defn: Linsey-woolsey.

LINSEY-WOOLSEY
Lin"sey-wool"sey, n.

1. Cloth made of linen and wool, mixed.

2. Jargon. [Obs.] Shak.

LINSEY-WOOLSEY
Lin"sey-wool"sey, a.

Defn: Made of linen and wool; hence, of different and unsuitable
parts; mean. Johnson.

LINSTOCK
Lin"stock, n. Etym: [Corrupt. fr. luntstock, D. lonistok; lont lunt +
stok stock, stick. See Link a torch, Lunt, and Stock.]

Defn: A pointed forked staff, shod with iron at the foot, to hold a
lighted match for firing cannon. [Written also lintstock.]

LINT
Lint, n. Etym: [AS. linet flax, hemp, fr. lin flax; or, perh.
borrowed fr. L. linteum a linen cloth, linen, from linteus linen, a.,
fr. lineum flax, lint. See Linen.]

1. Flax.

2. Linen scraped or otherwise made into a soft, downy or fleecy
substance for dressing wounds and sores; also, fine ravelings, down,
fluff, or loose short fibers from yarn or fabrics. Lint doctor
(Calico-printing Mach.), a scraper to remove lint from a printing
cylinder.

LINTEL
Lin"tel, n. Etym: [OE. lintel, F. linteau, LL. lintellus, for
limitellus, a dim. fr. L. limes limit. See Limit.] (Arch.)

Defn: A horizontal member spanning an opening, and carrying the
superincumbent weight by means of its strength in resisting crosswise
fracture.

LINTIE; LINTWHITE
Lin"tie, Lint"white`, n. Etym: [AS. linetwige. See Linnet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Linnet. Tennyson.

LINTSEED
Lint"seed`, n.

Defn: See Linseed.

LINUM
Li"num, n. Etym: [L., flax.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbaceous plants including the flax (Linum
usitatissimum).

LION
Li"on, n. Etym: [F. lion, L. leo, -onis, akin to Gr. Chameleon,
Dandelion, Leopard.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large carnivorous feline mammal (Felis leo), found in
Southern Asia and in most parts of Africa, distinct varieties
occurring in the different countries. The adult male, in most
varieties, has a thick mane of long shaggy hair that adds to his
apparent size, which is less than that of the largest tigers. The
length, however, is sometimes eleven feet to the base of the tail.
The color is a tawny yellow or yellowish brown; the mane is darker,
and the terminal tuft of the tail is black. In one variety, called
the maneless lion, the male has only a slight mane.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A sign and a constellation; Leo.

3. An object of interest and curiosity, especially a person who is so
regarded; as, he was quite a lion in London at that time.
Such society was far more enjoyable than that of Edinburgh, for here
he was not a lion, but a man. Prof. Wilson.
American lion (Zoöl.), the puma or cougar.
 -- Lion ant (Zoöl.), the ant-lion.
 -- Lion dog (Zoöl.), a fancy dog with a flowing mane, usually
clipped to resemble a lion's mane.
 -- Lion lizard (Zoöl.), the basilisk.
 -- Lion's share, all, or nearly all; the best or largest part; --
from Æsop's fable of the lion hunting in company with certain smaller
beasts, and appropriating to himself all the prey.

LIONCED
Li"onced, a. (Her.)

Defn: Adorned with lions heads; having arms terminating in lions'
heads; -- said of a cross. [Written also leonced.]

LIONCEL
Li"on*cel, n. Etym: [OE., F. lionceau, dim. of lion.] (Her.)

Defn: A small lion, especially one of several borne in the same coat
of arms.

LIONEL
Li"on*el, n. Etym: [OF., dim. of lion.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The whelp of a lioness; a young lion.

LIONESS
Li"on*ess, n. Etym: [OF. lionesse.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A female lion.

LIONET
Li"on*et, n. Etym: [OF., dim. of lion.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young or small lion.

LION-HEART
Li"on-heart`, n.

Defn: A very brave person.

LION-HEARTED
Li"on-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Very brave; brave and magnanimous. Sir W. Scott.

LIONHOOD
Li"on*hood, n.

Defn: State of being a lion. Carlyle.

LIONISM
Li"on*ism, n.

Defn: An attracting of attention, as a lion; also, the treating or
regarding as a lion.

LIONIZE
Li"on*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lionized, p. pr. & vb. n. Lionizing
(.]

1. To treat or regard as a lion or object of great interest. J. D.
Forbes.

2. To show the lions or objects of interest to; to conduct about
among objects of interest. Macaulay.

LIONLIKE
Li"on*like`, a.

Defn: Like a lion; brave as a lion.

LIONLY
Li"on*ly, a.

Defn: Like a lion; fierce. [Obs.] Milton.

LION'S EAR
Li"on's ear`. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given in Western South America to certain plants with
shaggy tomentose leaves, as species of Culcitium, and Espeletia.

LION'S FOOT
Li"on's foot`. (Bot.)
(a) A composite plant of the genus Prenanthes, of which several
species are found in the United States.
(b) The edelweiss.

LIONSHIP
Li"on*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a lion.

LION'S LEAF
Li"on's leaf`. (Bot.)

Defn: A South European plant of the genus Leontice (L.
leontopetalum), the tuberous roots of which contain so much alkali
that they are sometimes used as a substitute for soap.

LION'S TAIL
Li"on's tail`. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of labiate plants (Leonurus); -- so called from a
fancied resemblance of its flower spikes to the tuft of a lion's
tail. L. Cardiaca is the common motherwort.

LION'S TOOTH
Li"on's tooth`; pl. Lions' teeth (. (Bot.)

Defn: See Leontodon.

LIP
Lip, n. Etym: [OE. lippe, AS. lippa; akin to D. lip, G. lippe, lefze,
OHG. lefs, Dan. læbe, Sw. läpp, L. labium, labrum. Cf. Labial.]

1. One of the two fleshy folds which surround the orifice of the
mouth in man and many other animals. In man the lips are organs of
speech essential to certain articulations. Hence, by a figure they
denote the mouth, or all the organs of speech, and sometimes speech
itself.
Thine own lips testify against thee. Jeb xv. 6.

2. An edge of an opening; a thin projecting part of anything; a kind
of short open spout; as, the lip of a vessel.

3. The sharp cutting edge on the end of an auger.

4. (Bot.)
(a) One of the two opposite divisions of a labiate corolla.
(b) The odd and peculiar petal in the Orchis family. See
Orchidaceous.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the edges of the aperture of a univalve shell. Lip bit,
a pod auger. See Auger.
 -- Lip comfort, comfort that is given with words only.
 -- Lip comforter, one who comforts with words only.
 -- Lip labor, unfelt or insincere speech; hypocrisy. Bale.
 -- Lip reading, the catching of the words or meaning of one speaking
by watching the motion of his lips without hearing his voice.
Carpenter.
 -- Lip salve, a salve for sore lips.
 -- Lip service, expression by the lips of obedience and devotion
without the performance of acts suitable to such sentiments.
 -- Lip wisdom, wise talk without practice, or unsupported by
experience.
 -- Lip work. (a) Talk. (b) Kissing. [Humorous] B. Jonson.
 -- Lip make a lip, to drop the under lip in sullenness or contempt.
Shak.
 -- To shoot out the lip (Script.), to show contempt by protruding
the lip.

LIP
Lip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Lipping.]

1. To touch with the lips; to put the lips to; hence, to kiss.
The bubble on the wine which breaks Before you lip the glass. Praed.
A hand that kings Have lipped and trembled kissing. Shak.

2. To utter; to speak. [R.] Keats.

LIP
Lip, v. t.

Defn: To clip; to trim. [Obs.] Holland.

LIPAEMIA
Li*pæ"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A condition in which fat occurs in the blood.

LIPANS
Li*pans", n. pl.; sing. Lipan (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of North American Inedians, inhabiting the northern
part of Mexico. They belong to the Tinneh stock, and are closely
related to the Apaches.

LIPARIAN
Li*pa"ri*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of a family (Liparidæ) of destructive bombycid
moths, as the tussock moths.

LIPARITE
Lip"a*rite, n. Etym: [So called from Lipari, the island.] (Min.)

Defn: A quartzose trachyte; rhyolite.

LIPIC
Lip"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, fat. The word was formerly used
specifically to designate a supposed acid obtained by the oxidation
of oleic acid, tallow, wax, etc.

LIPINIC
Li*pin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Lipic.

LIPLESS
Lip"less, a

Defn: , Having no lips.

LIPLET
Lip"let, n.

Defn: A little lip.

LIPOCEPHALA
Lip`o*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Lamellibranchia.

LIPOCHRIN
Lip"o*chrin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A yellow coloring matter, soluble in ether, contained in the
small round fat drops in the retinal epithelium cells. It is best
obtained from the eyes of frogs.

LIPOGRAM
Lip"o*gram, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A writing composed of words not having a certain letters; -- as
in the Odyssey of Tryphiodorus there was no A in the first book, no B
in the second, and so on.

LIPOGRAMMATIC
Lip"o*gram*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. lipogrammatique.]

Defn: Omitting a letter; composed of words not having a certain
letter or letters; as, lipogrammatic writings.

LIPOGRAMMATIST
Lip`o*gram"ma*tist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lipogrammatiste.]

Defn: One who makes a lipogram.

LIPOMA
Li*po"ma, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A tumor consisting of fat or adipose tissue.
 -- Li*pom"a*tous, a.

LIPOTHYMIC
Li`po*thym"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. ,

Defn: Tending to swoon; fainting. [Written also leipothymic.]

LIPOTHYMOUS
Li*poth"y*mous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining, or given, to swooning; fainting.

LIPOTHYMY
Li*poth"y*my, n. Etym: [Gr. lipothymie.]

Defn: A fainting; a swoon. Jer. Taylor.

LIPPED
Lipped, a.

1. Having a lip or lips; having a raised or rounded edge resembling
the lip; -- often used in composition; as, thick-lipped, thin-lipped,
etc.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Labiate.

LIPPITUDE
Lip"pi*tude, n. Etym: [L. lippitudo, fr. lippus blear-eyed: cf. F.
lippitude.]

Defn: Soreness of eyes; the state of being blear-eyes; blearedness.

LIPSE
Lipse, v. i.

Defn: To lisp. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LIPYL
Lip"yl, n. Etym: [Gr. -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical of glycerin. [Obs.] Berzelius.

LIQUABLE
Liq"ua*ble, a. Etym: [l. liquabilis. See Liquate, v. i.]

Defn: Capable of being melted.

LIQUATE
Li"quate, v. i. Etym: [L. liquatus, p. p. of liquare to melt.]

Defn: To melt; to become liquid. [Obs.] Woodward.

LIQUATE
Li"quate, v. t. (Metal.)

Defn: To separate by fusion, as a more fusible from a less fusible
material.

LIQUATION
Li*qua"tion, n. Etym: [L. liquatio: cf. F. liquation.]

1. The act or operation of making or becoming liquid; also, the
capacity of becoming liquid.

2. (Metal.)

Defn: The process of separating, by heat, an easily fusible metal
from one less fusible; eliquation.

LIQUEFACIENT
Liq`ue*fa"cient, n. Etym: [L. liquefaciens, p. pr. of liquefacere.
See Liquefy.]

1. That which serves to liquefy.

2. (Med.)

Defn: An agent, as mercury, iodine, etc., which promotes the
liquefying processes of the system, and increases the secretions.

LIQUEFACTION
Liq`ue*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. liquefactio: cf. F. liquéfaction. See
Liquefy.]

1. The act or operation of making or becoming liquid; especially, the
conversion of a solid into a liquid by the sole agency of heat.

2. The state of being liquid.

3. (Chem. Physics)

Defn: The act, process, or method, of reducing a gas or vapor to a
liquid by cold or pressure; as, the liquefaction of oxygen or
hydrogen.

LIQUEFIABLE
Liq"ue*fi`a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. liquéfiable. See Liquefy.]

Defn: Capable of being changed from a solid to a liquid state.

LIQUEFIER
Liq"ue*fi`er, n.

Defn: That which liquefies.

LIQUEFY
Liq"ue*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Liquefied; p. pr. & vb. n.
Liquefying.] Etym: [F. liquéfier, L. liquere to be liquid + facere, -
ficare (in comp.), to make. See Liquid, and -fy.]

Defn: To convert from a solid form to that of a liquid; to melt; to
dissolve; and technically, to melt by the sole agency of heat.

LIQUEFY
Liq"ue*fy, v. i.

Defn: To become liquid.

LIQUESCENCY
Li*ques"cen*cy, n. Etym: [See Liquescent.]

Defn: The quality or state of being liquescent. Johnson.

LIQUESCENT
Li*ques"cent, a. Etym: [L. liquescens, p. pr. of liquescere to become
liquid, incho. fr. liquere to be liquid.]

Defn: Tending to become liquid; inclined to melt to melt; melting.

LIQUEUR
Li`queur", n. Etym: [F. See Liquor.]

Defn: An aromatic alcoholic cordial.

Note: Some liqueurs are prepared by infusing certain woods, fruits,
or flowers, in either water or alcohol, and adding sugar, etc. Others
are distilled from aromatic or flavoring agents.

LIQUID
Liq"uid, a. Etym: [L. liquidus, fr. liquere to be fluid or liquid;
cf. Skr. ri to ooze, drop, li to melt.]

1. Flowing freely like water; fluid; not solid.
Yes, though he go upon the plane and liquid water which will receive
no step. Tyndale.

2. (Physics)

Defn: Being in such a state that the component parts move among
themselves, but do not tend to separate from each other as the
particles of gases and vapors do; neither solid nor aëriform; as,
liquid mercury, in distinction from mercury solidified or in a state
of vapor.

3. Flowing or sounding smoothly or without abrupt transitions or
harsh tones. "Liquid melody." Crashaw.

4. Pronounced without any jar or harshness; smooth; as, l and r are
liquid letters.

5. Fluid and transparent; as, the liquid air.

6. Clear; definite in terms or amount.[Obs.] "Though the debt should
be entirely liquid." Ayliffe. Liquid glass. See Soluble glass, under
Glass.

LIQUID
Liq"uid, n.

1. A substance whose parts change their relative position on the
slightest pressure, and therefore retain no definite form; any
substance in the state of liquidity; a fluid that is not aëriform.

Note: Liquid and fluid are terms often used synonymously, but fluid
has the broader signification. All liquids are fluids, but many
fluids, as air and the gases, are not liquids.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: A letter which has a smooth, flowing sound, or which flows
smoothly after a mute; as, l and r, in bla, bra. M and n also are
called liquids. Liquid measure, a measure, or system of measuring,
for liquids, by the gallon, quart, pint, gill, etc.

LIQUID AIR
Liq"uid air. (Physics)

Defn: A transparent limpid liquid, slightly blue in color, consisting
of a mixture of liquefied oxygen and nitrogen. It is prepared by
subjecting air to great pressure and then cooling it by its own
expansion to a temperature below the boiling point of its
constituents  (N -194º C; O -183º C.).

LIQUIDAMBAR
Liq"uid*am`bar, n. Etym: [Liquid + amber.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus consisting of two species of tall trees having star-
shaped leaves, and woody burlike fruit. Liquidambar styraciflua is
the North American sweet qum, and L. Orientalis is found in Asia
Minor.

2. The balsamic juice which is obtained from these trees by incision.
The liquid balsam of the Oriental tree is liquid storax.

LIQUIDAMBER
Liq"uid*am`ber, n.

Defn: See Liquidambar.

LIQUIDATE
Liq"ui*date, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Liquidated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Liquidating.] Etym: [LL. liquidatus, p. p. of liquidate to liquidate,
fr. L. liquidus liquid, clear. See Liquid.]

1. (Law)

Defn: To determine by agreement or by litigation the precise amount
of (indebtedness); or, where there is an indebtedness to more than
one person, to determine the precise amount of (each indebtedness);
to make the amount of (an indebtedness); clear and certain.
A debt or demand is liquidated whenever the amount due is agreed on
by the parties, or fixed by the operation of law. 15 Ga. Rep. 821.
If our epistolary accounts were fairly liquidated, I believe you
would be brought in considerable debtor. Chesterfield.

2. In an extended sense: To ascertain the amount, or the several
amounts, of , and apply assets toward the discharge of (an
indebtedness). Abbott.

3. To discharge; to pay off, as an indebtedness.
Friburg was ceded to Zurich by Sigismund to liquidate a debt of a
thousand florins. W. Coxe.

4. To make clear and intelligible.
Time only can liquidate the meaning of all parts of a compound
system. A. Hamilton.

5. To make liquid. [Obs.] Liquidated damages (Law), damages the
amount of which is fixed or ascertained. Abbott.

LIQUIDATION
Liq`ui*da"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. liquidation.]

Defn: The act or process of liquidating; the state of being
liquidated. To go into liquidation (Law), to turn over to a trustee
one's assets and accounts, in order that the several amounts of one's
indebtedness be authoritatively ascertained, and that the assets may
be applied toward their discharge.

LIQUIDATOR
Liq"ui*da`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. liquidateur.]

1. One who, or that which, liquidates.

2. An officer appointed to conduct the winding up of a company, to
bring and defend actions and suits in its name, and to do all
necessary acts on behalf of the company. [Eng.] Mozley & W.

LIQUIDITY
Li*quid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. liquiditas, fr. liquidus liquid: cf. F.
liquidité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being liquid.

LIQUIDIZE
Liq"uid*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Liquidized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Liquidizing.]

Defn: To render liquid.

LIQUIDLY
Liq"uid*ly, adv.

Defn: In a liquid manner; flowingly.

LIQUIDNESS
Liq"uid*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being liquid; liquidity; fluency.

LIQUOR
Liq"uor, n. Etym: [OE. licour, licur, OF. licur, F. liqueur, fr. L.
liquor, fr. liquere to be liquid. See Liquid, and cf. Liqueur.]

1. Any liquid substance, as water, milk, blood, sap, juice, or the
like.

2. Specifically, alcoholic or spirituous fluid, either distilled or
fermented, as brandy, wine, whisky, beer, etc.

3. (Pharm.)

Defn: A solution of a medicinal substance in water; -- distinguished
from tincture and aqua.

Note: The U. S. Pharmacopoeia includes, in this class of
preparations, all aqueous solutions without sugar, in which the
substance acted on is wholly soluble in water, excluding those in
which the dissolved matter is gaseous or very volatile, as in the
aquæ or waters. U. S. Disp. Labarraque's liquor (Old Chem.), a
solution of an alkaline hypochlorite, as sodium hypochlorite, used in
bleaching and as a disinfectant.
 -- Liquor of flints, or Liquor silicum (Old Chem.), soluble glass; -
- so called because formerly made from powdered flints. See Soluble
glass, under Glass.
 -- Liquor of Libavius. (Old Chem.) See Fuming liquor of Libavius,
under Fuming.
 -- Liquor sanguinis (, (Physiol.), the blood plasma.
 -- Liquor thief, a tube for taking samples of liquor from a cask
through the bung hole.
 -- To be in liquor, to be intoxicated.

LIQUOR
Liq"uor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Liquored; p. pr. & vb. n. Liquoring.]

1. To supply with liquor. [R.]

2. To grease. [Obs.] Bacon.
Liquor fishermen's boots. Shak.

LIQUORICE
Liq"uor*ice, n.

Defn: See Licorice.

LIQUORISH
Liq"uor*ish, a.

Defn: See Lickerish. [Obs.] Shak.

LIQUOROUS
Liq"uor*ous, a.

Defn: Eagerly desirous. See Lickerish. [Obs.] Marston.

LIRA
Li"ra, n. ; pl. Lire. Etym: [It., fr. L. libra the Roman pound. Cf.
Livre.]

Defn: An Italian coin equivalent in value to the French franc.

LIRELLA
Li*rel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L.lira a furrow.] (Bot.)

Defn: A linear apothecium furrowed along the middle; the fruit of
certain lichens.

LIRELLIFORM
Li*rel"li*form, a. Etym: [Lirella + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Like a lirella. [Written also lirellæform.]

LIRIODENDRON
Lir`i*o*den"dron, n.; pl. Liriodendra. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of large and very beautiful trees of North America,
having smooth, shining leaves, and handsome, tuliplike flowers; tulip
tree; whitewood; -- called also canoewood. Liriodendron tulipifera is
the only extant species, but there were several others in the
Cretaceous epoch.

LIRIPIPE
Lir"i*pipe, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Liripoop.

LIRIPOOP
Lir"i*poop, n. Etym: [OF. liripipion, liripion, LL. liripipium. Said
to be corrupted from L. cleri ephippium, lit., the clergy's
caparison.]

1. A pendent part of the old clerical tippet; afterwards, a tippet; a
scarf; -- worn also by doctors, learned men, etc. [Obs.]

2. Acuteness; smartness; also, a smart trick or stratagem.[Obs.]
Stanihurst.

3. A silly person. [Obs.]
A liripoop, vel lerripoop, a silly, empty creature; an old dotard.
Milles. MS. Devon Gloss.

LIROCONITE
Li*roc"o*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A hydrated arseniate of copper, occurring in obtuse pyramidal
crystals of a sky-blue or verdigris-green color.

LISBON
Lis"bon, n.

Defn: A sweet, light-colored species of wine, produced in the
province of Estremadura, and so called as being shipped from Lisbon,
in Portugal.

LISLE
Lisle, n.

Defn: A city of France celebrated for certain manufactures. Lisle
glove, a fine summer glove, made of Lisle thread.
 -- Lisle lace, a fine handmade lace, made at Lisle.
 -- Lisle thread, a hard twisted cotton thread, originally produced
at Lisle.

LISNE
Lisne, n. Etym: [Prov. E. lissen, lisne, a cleft in a rock.]

Defn: A cavity or hollow.[Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

LISP
Lisp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lisped; p. pr. & vb. n. Lisping.] Etym:
[OE. lispen, lipsen, AS. wlisp stammering, lisping; akin to D. & OHG.
lispen to lisp, G. lispeln, Sw. läspa, Dan. lespe.]

1. To pronounce the sibilant letter s imperfectly; to give s and z
the sound of th; -- a defect common among children.

2. To speak with imperfect articulation; to mispronounce, as a child
learning to talk.
As yet a child, nor yet a fool to fame, I lisped in numbers came.
Pope.

3. To speak hesitatingly with a low voice, as if afraid.
Lest when my lisping, guilty tongue should halt. Drayton.

LISP
Lisp, v. t.

1. To pronounce with a lisp.

2. To utter with imperfect articulation; to express with words
pronounced imperfectly or indistinctly, as a child speaks; hence, to
express by the use of simple, childlike language.
To speak unto them after their own capacity, and to lispe words unto
them according as the babes and children of that age might sound them
again. Tyndale.

3. To speak with reserve or concealment; to utter timidly or
confidentially; as, to lisp treason.

LISP
Lisp, n.

Defn: The habit or act of lisping. See Lisp, v. i., 1.
I overheard her answer, with a very pretty lisp, "O! Strephon, you
are a dangerous creature." Tatler.

LISPER
Lisp"er, n.

Defn: One who lisps.

LISPINGLY
Lisp"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With a lisp; in a lisping manner.

LISS
Liss, n. Etym: [AS. liss.]

Defn: Release; remission; ease; relief. [Obs.] "Of penance had a
lisse." Chaucer.

LISS
Liss, v. t. Etym: [AS. lissan.]

Defn: To free, as from care or pain; to relieve. [Obs.] "Lissed of
his care." Chaucer.

LISSENCEPHALA
Lis`sen*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A general name for all those placental mammals that have a
brain with few or no cerebral convolutions, as Rodentia, Insectivora,
etc.

LISSOM; LISSOME
Lis"som, Lis"some, a. Etym: [For lithesome.]

1. Limber; supple; flexible; lithe; lithesome.
Straight, but as lissome as a hazel wand. Tennyson.

2. Light; nimble; active. Halliwell.
 -- Lis"some*ness, n.

LIST
List, n. Etym: [F. lice, LL. liciae, pl., from L. licium thread,
girdle.]

Defn: A line inclosing or forming the extremity of a piece of ground,
or field of combat; hence, in the plural (lists), the ground or field
inclosed for a race or combat. Chaucer.
In measured lists to toss the weighty lance. Pope.
To enter the lists, to accept a challenge, or engage in contest.

LIST
List, v. t.

Defn: To inclose for combat; as, to list a field.

LIST
List, v. i. Etym: [See Listen.]

Defn: To hearken; to attend; to listen. [Obs. except in poetry.]
Stand close, and list to him. Shak.

LIST
List, v. t.

Defn: To listen or hearken to.
Then weigh what loss your honor may sustain, If with too credent ear
you list his songs. Shak.

LIST
List, v. i. Etym: [OE. listen, lusten, AS. lystan, from lust
pleasure. See Lust.]

1. To desire or choose; to please.
The wind bloweth where it listeth. John iii. 8.
Them that add to the Word of God what them listeth. Hooker.
Let other men think of your devices as they list. Whitgift.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To lean; to incline; as, the ship lists to port.

LIST
List, n.

1. Inclination; desire. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: An inclination to one side; as, the ship has a list to
starboard.

LIST
List, n. Etym: [AS. list a list of cloth; akin to D. lijst, G.
leiste, OHG. lista,Icel. lista, listi, Sw. list, Dan. liste. In sense
5 from F. liste, of German origin, and thus ultimately the same
word.]

1. A strip forming the woven border or selvedge of cloth,
particularly of broadcloth, and serving to strengthen it; hence, a
strip of cloth; a fillet. " Gartered with a red and blue list. "

Shak.

2. A limit or boundary; a border.
The very list, the very utmost bound, Of all our fortunes. Shak.

3. The lobe of the ear; the ear itself. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. A stripe. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

5. A roll or catalogue, that is row or line; a record of names; as, a
list of names, books, articles; a list of ratable estate.
He was the ablest emperor of all the list. Bacon.

6. (Arch.)

Defn: A little square molding; a fillet; -- called also listel.

7. (Carp.)

Defn: A narrow strip of wood, esp. sapwood, cut from the edge of a
plank or board.

8. (Rope Making)

Defn: A piece of woolen cloth with which the yarns are grasped by a
workman.

9. (Tin-plate Manuf.)
(a) The first thin coat of tin.
(b) A wirelike rim of tin left on an edge of the plate after it is
coated. Civil list (Great Britain & U.S.), the civil officers of
government, as judges, ambassadors, secretaries, etc. Hence, the
revenues or appropriations of public money for the support of the
civil officers. More recently, the civil list, in England, embraces
only the expenses of the reigning monarch's household. Free list. (a)
A list of articles admitted to a country free of duty. (b) A list of
persons admitted to any entertainment, as a theater or opera, without
payment, or to whom a periodical, or the like, is furnished without
cost.

Syn.
 -- Roll; catalogue; register; inventory; schedule.
 -- List, Boll, Catalogue, Register, Inventory, Schedule. Alist is
properly a simple series of names, etc., in a brief form, such as
might naturally be entered in a narrow strip of paper. A roll was
originally a list containing the names of persons belonging to a
public body (as Parliament, etc.), which was rolled up and laid aside
among its archives. A catalogue is a list of persons or things
arranged in order, and usually containing some description of the
same, more or less extended. A register is designed for record or
preservation. An inventory is a list of articles, found on hand in a
store of goods, or in the estate of a deceased person, or under
similar circumstances. A schedule is a formal list or inventory
prepared for legal or business purposes.

LIST
List, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Listed; p. pr. & vb. n. Listing.] Etym:
[From list a roll.]

1. To sew together, as strips of cloth, so as to make a show of
colors, or form a border. Sir H. Wotton.

2. To cover with list, or with strips of cloth; to put list on; as,
to list a door; to stripe as if with list.
The tree that stood white-listed through the gloom. Tennyson.

3. To enroll; to place or register in a list.
Listed among the upper serving men. Milton.

4. To engage, as a soldier; to enlist.
I will list you for my soldier. Sir W. Scott.

5. (Carp.)

Defn: To cut away a narrow strip, as of sapwood, from the edge of;
as, to list a board. To list a stock (Stock Exchange), to put it in
the list of stocks called at the meeting of the board.

LIST
List, v. i.

Defn: To engage in public service by enrolling one's name; to enlist.

LISTEL
List"el, n. Etym: [F. listel, dim. of liste fillet, list. See List
the edge.] (Arch.)

Defn: Same as List, n., 6.

LISTEN
Lis"ten, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Listened; p. pr. & vb. n. Listening.]
Etym: [OE. listnen, listen, lustnen, lusten, AS. hlystan; akin to
hlyst hearing, OS. hlust, Icel. hlusta to listen, hlust ear, AS.
hlosnian to wait in suspense, OHG. hlosen to listen, Gr. loud. sq.
root41. See Loud, and cf. List to listen.]

1. To give close attention with the purpose of hearing; to give ear;
to hearken; to attend.
When we have occasion to listen, and give a more particular attention
to same sound, the tympanum is drawn to a more than ordinary tension.
Holder.

2. To give heed; to yield to advice; to follow admonition; to obey.
Listen to me, and by me be ruled. Tennyson.
To listen after, to take an interest in. [Obs.]
Soldiers note forts, armories, and magazines; scholars listen after
libraries, disputations, and professors. Fuller.

Syn.
 -- To attend; hearken. See Attend.

LISTEN
Lis"ten, v. t.

Defn: To attend to. [Obs.] Shak.

LISTENER
Lis"ten*er, n.

Defn: One who listens; a hearkener.

LISTER
List"er, n.

Defn: One who makes a list or roll.

LISTER
Lis"ter, n.

Defn: Same as Leister.

LISTERIAN
Lis*te"ri*an, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to listerism.

LISTERISM
Lis"ter*ism, n. (Med.)

Defn: The systematic use of antiseptics in the performance of
operations and the treatment of wounds; -- so called from Joseph
Lister, an English surgeon.

LISTERIZE
Lis"ter*ize, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. -ized; p. pr. & vb. n. -izing.]
(Med.)

Defn: To make antiseptic.

LISTFUL
List"ful, a.

Defn: Attentive [Obs.] Spenser.

LISTING
List"ing, n.

1. The act or process of one who lists (in any sense of the verb);
as, the listing of a door; the listing of a stock at the Stock
Exchange.

2. The selvedge of cloth; list.

3. (Carp.)

Defn: The sapwood cut from the edge of a board.

4. (Agric.)

Defn: The throwing up of the soil into ridges, -- a method adopted in
the culture of beets and some garden crops. [Local, U. S.]

LISTLESS
List"less, a. Etym: [OE. listles, lustles. See Lust.]

Defn: Having no desire or inclination; indifferent; heedless;
spiritless. " A listless unconcern." Thomson.
Benumbed with cold, and listless of their gain. Dryden.
I was listless, and desponding. Swift.

Syn.
 -- Heedless; careless; indifferent; vacant; uninterested; languid;
spiritless; supine; indolent.
 -- List"less*ly, adv.
 -- List"less*ness, n.

LIT
Lit

Defn: , a form of the imp. & p. p. of Light.

LITANY
Lit"a*ny, n.; pl. Litanies. Etym: [OE. letanie, OF. letanie, F.
litanie, L. litania, Gr.

Defn: A solemn form of supplication in the public worship of various
churches, in which the clergy and congregation join, the former
leading and the latter responding in alternate sentences. It is
usually of a penitential character.
Supplications . . . for the appeasing of God's wrath were of the
Greek church termed litanies, and rogations of the Latin. Hooker.

LITARGE
Lit"arge, n.

Defn: Litharge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LITCHI
Li"tchi`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of a tree native to China (Nephelium Litchi). It is
nutlike, having a rough but tender shell, containing an aromatic
pulp, and a single large seed. In the dried fruit which is exported
the pulp somewhat resembles a raisin in color and form. [Written also
lichi, and lychee.] -- lite. See -lith.

LITE
Lite, a., adv., & n.

Defn: Little. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LITER; LITRE
Li"ter, Li"tre, n. Etym: [F. litre, Gr.

Defn: A measure of capacity in the metric system, being a cubic
decimeter, equal to 61.022 cubic inches, or 2.113 American pints, or
1.76 English pints.

LITERACY
Lit"er*a*cy, n.

Defn: State of being literate.

LITERAL
Lit"er*al, a. Etym: [F. litéral, littéral, L. litteralis, literalis,
fr. littera, litera, a letter. See Letter.]

1. According to the letter or verbal expression; real; not figurative
or metaphorical; as, the literal meaning of a phrase.
It hath but one simple literal sense whose light the owls can not
abide. Tyndale
.

2. Following the letter or exact words; not free.
A middle course between the rigor of literal translations and the
liberty of paraphrasts. Hooker.

3. Consisting of, or expressed by, letters.
The literal notation of numbers was known to Europeans before the
ciphers. Johnson.

4. Giving a strict or literal construction; unimaginative; matter-of
fast; -- applied to persons. Literal contract (Law), contract of
which the whole evidence is given in writing. Bouvier.
 -- Literal equation (Math.), an equation in which known quantities
are expressed either wholly or in part by means of letters; --
distinguished from a numerical equation.

LITERAL
Lit"er*al, n.

Defn: Literal meaning. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

LITERALISM
Lit"er*al*ism, n.

1. That which accords with the letter; a mode of interpreting
literally; adherence to the letter.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The tendency or disposition to represent objects faithfully,
without abstraction, conventionalities, or idealization.

LITERALIST
Lit"er*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who adheres to the letter or exact word; an interpreter
according to the letter.

LITERALITY
Lit`er*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. littéralité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being literal. Sir T. Browne.

LITERALIZATION
Lit`er*al*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of literalizing; reduction to a literal meaning.

LITERALIZE
Lit"er*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Literalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Literalizing.]

Defn: To make literal; to interpret or put in practice according to
the strict meaning of the words; -- opposed to spiritualize; as, to
literalize Scripture.

LITERALIZER
Lit"er*al*i`zer, n.

Defn: A literalist.

LITERALLY
Lit"er*al*ly, adv.

1. According to the primary and natural import of words; not
figuratively; as, a man and his wife can not be literally one flesh.

2. With close adherence to words; word by word.
So wild and ungovernable a poet can not be translated literally.
Dryden.

LITERALNESS
Lit"er*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being literal; literal import.

LITERARY
Lit"er*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. litterarius, literarius,fr. littera,
litera, a letter: cf. F. littéraire. See Letter.]

1. Of or pertaining to letters or literature; pertaining to learning
or learned men; as, literary fame; a literary history; literary
conversation.
He has long outlived his century, the term commonly fixed as the test
of literary merit. Johnson.

2. Versed in, or acquainted with, literature; occupied with
literature as a profession; connected with literature or with men of
letters; as, a literary man.
In the literary as well as fashionable world. Mason.
Literary property. (a) Property which consists in written or printed
compositions. (b) The exclusive right of publication as recognized
and limited by law.

LITERATE
Lit"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. litteratus, literatus. See Letter.]

Defn: Instructed in learning, science, or literature; learned;
lettered.
The literate now chose their emperor, as the military chose theirs.
Landor.

LITERATE
Lit"er*ate, n.

1. One educated, but not having taken a university degree;
especially, such a person who is prepared to take holy orders. [Eng.]

2. A literary man.

LITERATI
Lit`e*ra"ti, n. pl. Etym: [See Literatus.]

Defn: Learned or literary men. See Literatus.
Shakespearean commentators, and other literati. Craik.

LITERATIM
Lit`e*ra"tim, adv. Etym: [LL., fr. L.litera, litera, letter.]

Defn: Letter for letter.

LITERATION
Lit`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. littera, litera, letter.]

Defn: The act or process of representing by letters.

LITERATOR
Lit"er*a`tor, n. Etym: [L. litterator, literator. See Letter.]

1. One who teaches the letters or elements of knowledge; a petty
schoolmaster. Burke.

2. A person devoted to the study of literary trifles, esp. trifles
belonging to the literature of a former age.
That class of subjects which are interesting to the regular literator
or black-letter " bibliomane," simply because they have once been
interesting. De Quincey.

3. A learned person; a literatus. Sir W. Hamilton.

LITERATURE
Lit"er*a*ture, n. Etym: [F. littérature, L. litteratura, literatura,
learning, grammar, writing, fr.littera, litera, letter. See Letter.]

1. Learning; acquaintance with letters or books.

2. The collective body of literary productions, embracing the entire
results of knowledge and fancy preserved in writing; also, the whole
body of literary productions or writings upon a given subject, or in
reference to a particular science or branch of knowledge, or of a
given country or period; as, the literature of Biblical criticism;
the literature of chemistry.

3. The class of writings distinguished for beauty of style or
expression, as poetry, essays, or history, in distinction from
scientific treatises and works which contain positive knowledge;
belles-lettres.

4. The occupation, profession, or business of doing literary work.
Lamp.

Syn.
 -- Science; learning; erudition; belles-lettres. See Science.
 -- Literature, Learning, Erudition. Literature, in its widest sense,
embraces all compositions in writing or print which preserve the
results of observation, thought, or fancy; but those upon the
positive sciences (mathematics, etc.) are usually excluded. It is
often confined, however, to belles-lettres, or works of taste and
sentiment, as poetry, eloquence, history, etc., excluding abstract
discussions and mere erudition. A man of literature (in this
narrowest sense) is one who is versed in belles-lettres; a man of
learning excels in what is taught in the schools, and has a wide
extent of knowledge, especially, in respect to the past; a man of
erudition is one who is skilled in the more recondite branches of
learned inquiry.
The origin of all positive science and philosophy, as well as of all
literature and art, in the forms in which they exist in civilized
Europe, must be traced to the Greeks. Sir G. Lewis.
Learning thy talent is, but mine is sense. Prior.
Some gentlemen, abounding in their university erudition, fill their
sermons with philosophical terms. Swift.

LITERATUS
Lit`e*ra"tus, n.; pl. Literati. Etym: [L. litteratus, literatus.]

Defn: A learned man; a man acquainted with literature; -- chiefly
used in the plural.
Now we are to consider that our bright ideal of a literatus may
chance to be maimed. De Quincey.

-LITH; -LITE
-lith, -lite.

Defn: Combining forms fr. Gr. li`qos a stone; -- used chiefly in
naming minerals and rocks.

LITH
Lith, obs.

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Lie, to recline, for lieth. Chaucer.

LITH
Lith, n. Etym: [AS. li.]

Defn: A joint or limb; a division; a member; a part formed by growth,
and articulated to, or symmetrical with, other parts. Chaucer.

LITHAEMIA
Li*thæ"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A condition in which uric (lithic) acid is present in the
blood.

LITHAGOGUE
Lith"a*gogue, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine having, or supposed to have, the power of expelling
calculous matter with the urine. Hooper.

LITHARGE
Lith"arge, n. Etym: [OE. litarge, F. litharge, L. lithargyrus, Gr.
(Chem.)

Defn: Lead monoxide; a yellowish red substance, obtained as an
amorphous powder, or crystallized in fine scales, by heating lead
moderately in a current of air or by calcining lead nitrate or
carbonate. It is used in making flint glass, in glazing earthenware,
in making red lead minium, etc. Called also massicot.

LITHARGYRUM
Li*thar"gy*rum, n. Etym: [NL. See Litharge.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: Crystallized litharge, obtained by fusion in the form of fine
yellow scales.

LITHATE
Lith"ate, n. (Old Med. Chem.)

Defn: A salt of lithic or uric acid; a urate. [Obs.] [Written also
lithiate.]

LITHE
Lithe, v. i. & i. Etym: [Icel Listen.]

Defn: To listen or listen to; to hearken to. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

LITHE
Lithe, a. Etym: [AS. lind, gelind, OHG. lindi, Icel. linr, L. lenis
soft, mild, lentus flexible, and AS. linnan to yield. Cf. Lenient.]

1. Mild; calm; as, lithe weather. [Obs.]

2. Capable of being easily bent; pliant; flexible; limber; as, the
elephant's lithe proboscis. Milton.

LITHE
Lithe, v. t. Etym: [AS. Lithe, a.]

Defn: To smooth; to soften; to palliate. [Obs.]

LITHELY
Lithe"ly, adv.

Defn: In a lithe, pliant, or flexible manner.

LITHENESS
Lithe"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being lithe; flexibility; limberness.

LITHER
Li"ther, a. Etym: [AS.

Defn: Bad; wicked; false; worthless; slothful. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Not lither in business, fervent in spirit. Bp. Woolton.

Note: Professor Skeat thinks " the lither sky" as found in
Shakespeare's Henry VI. ((Part I. IY. YII., 21) means the stagnant or
pestilential sky.
 -- Li"ther*ly, adv. [Obs.].
 -- Li"ther*ness, n. [Obs.]

LITHERLY
Li"ther*ly, a.

Defn: Crafty; cunning; mischievous; wicked; treacherous;
lazy.[Archaic]
He [the dwarf] was waspish, arch, and litherly. Sir W. Scott.

LITHESOME
Lithe"some, a. Etym: [See Lithe, a., and cf. Lissom.]

Defn: Pliant; limber; flexible; supple; nimble; lissom.
 -- Lithe"some*ness, n.

LITHIA
Lith"i*a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: The oxide of lithium; a strong alkaline caustic similar to
potash and soda, but weaker. See Lithium. Lithia emerald. See
Hiddenite.

LITHIASIS
Li*thi"a*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The formation of stony concretions or calculi in any part of
the body, especially in the bladder and urinary passages. Dunglison.

LITHIC
Lith"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. lithique.]

1. Of or pertaining to stone; as, lithic architecture.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to the formation of uric-acid concretions (stone) in
the bladder and other parts of the body; as, lithic diathesis. LIthic
acid (Old Med. Chem.), uric acid. See Uric acid, under Uric.

LITHIC
Lith"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine which tends to prevent stone in the bladder.

LITHIC
Lith"ic, a. Etym: [From Lithium.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to or denoting lithium or some of its compounds.
Frankland.

LITHIOPHILITE
Lith`i*oph"i*lite, n. Etym: [Lithium + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A phosphate of manganese and lithium; a variety of triphylite.

LITHIUM
Lith"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A metallic element of the alkaline group, occurring in several
minerals, as petalite, spodumene, lepidolite, triphylite, etc., and
otherwise widely disseminated, though in small quantities.

Note: When isolated it is a soft, silver white metal, tarnishing and
oxidizing very rapidly in the air. It is the lightest solid element
known, specific gravity being 0.59. Symbol Li. Atomic weight 7.0 So
called from having been discovered in a mineral.

LITHO
Lith"o

Defn: A combining form from Gr. stone.

LITHOBILIC
Lith`o*bil"ic, a. Etym: [Litho + bile.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to or designating an organic acid of the tartaric
acid series, distinct from lithofellic acid, but, like it, obtained
from certain bile products, as bezoar stones.

LITHOCARP
Lith"o*carp, n. Etym: [Litho- + Gr. lithocarpe.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Fossil fruit; a fruit petrified; a carpolite.

LITHOCHROMATICS
Lith`o*chro*mat"ics, n.

Defn: See Lithochromics.

LITHOCHROMICS
Lith`o*chro"mics, n. Etym: [Litho- + Gr.

Defn: The art of printing colored pictures on canvas from oil
paintings on stone.

LITHOCLAST
Lith"o*clast, n. Etym: [Litho- + Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for crushing stones in the bladder.

LITHOCYST
Lith"o*cyst, n. Etym: [Litho- + cyst.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sac containing small, calcareous concretions (otoliths). They
are found in many Medusæ, and other invertebrates, and are supposed
to be auditory organs.

LITHODOME
Lith"o*dome, n. Etym: [Litho- + Gr. lithodome.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of bivalves, which form holes in
limestone, in which they live; esp., any species of the genus
Lithodomus.

LITHODOMOUS
Li*thod"o*mous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, Lithodomus; lithophagous.

LITHODOMUS
Li*thod"o*mus, n. Etym: [NL. See Lithodome.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of elongated bivalve shells, allied to the mussels, and
remarkable for their ability to bore holes for shelter, in solid
limestone, shells, etc. Called also Lithophagus.

Note: These holes are at first very small and shallow, but are
enlarged with the growth of the shell, sometimes becoming two or
three inches deep and nearly an inch diameter.

LITHOFELLIC
Lith"o*fel"lic, a. Etym: [Litho- + L. fel, fellis, gall.] (Physiol.
Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a crystalline, organic acid,
resembling cholic acid, found in the biliary intestinal concretions
(bezoar stones) common in certain species of antelope.

LITHOFRACTEUR
Lith`o*frac"teur, n. Etym: [F., fr. frangere, fractum, to break.]

Defn: An explosive compound of nitroglycerin. See Nitroglycerin.

LITHOGENESY
Lith`o*gen"e*sy, n. Etym: [Litho- Gr. lithogénésie. See Genesis.]

Defn: The doctrine or science of the origin of the minerals composing
the globe.

LITHOGENOUS
Li*thog"e*nous, a. Etym: [Litho- + -genous.]

Defn: Stone-producing; -- said of polyps which form coral.

LITHOGLYPH
Lith"o*glyph, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An engraving on a gem.

LITHOGLYPHER
Li*thog"ly*pher, n.

Defn: One who curs or engraves precious stones.

LITHOGLYPHIC
Lith`o*glyph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the art of cutting and engraving precious
stones.

LITHOGLYPTICS
Lith`o*glyp"tics, n.

Defn: The art of cutting and engraving gems.

LITHOGRAPH
Lith"o*graph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lithographed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Lithographing.] Etym: [Litho- + -graph: cf. F. lithographier.]

Defn: To trace on stone by the process of lithography so as to
transfer the design to paper by printing; as, to lithograph a design;
to lithograph a painting. See Lithography.

LITHOGRAPH
Lith"o*graph, n.

Defn: A print made by lithography.

LITHOGRAPHER
Li*thog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who lithographs; one who practices lithography.

LITHOGRAPHIC; LITHOGRAPHICAL
Lith`o*graph"ic, Lith`o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
lithographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to lithography; made by lithography; as, the
lithographic art; a lithographic picture. Lithographic limestone
(Min.), a compact, fine-grained limestone, obtained largely from the
Lias and Oölite, esp. of Bavaria, and extensively used in
lithography.
 -- Lith`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

LITHOGRAPHY
Li*thog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lithographie.]

Defn: The art or process of putting designs or writing, with a greasy
material, on stone, and of producing printed impressions therefrom.
The process depends, in the main, upon the antipathy between grease
and water, which prevents a printing ink containing oil from adhering
to wetted parts of the stone not covered by the design. See
Lithographic limestone, under Lithographic.

LITHOID; LITHOIDAL
Lith"oid Li*thoid"al, a. Etym: [Litho- + -oid: cf. F. lithoïde.]

Defn: Like a stone; having a stony structure.

LITHOLATRY
Li*thol"a*try, n. Etym: [Litho- + Gr.

Defn: The worship of a stone or stones.

LITHOLOGIC; LITHOLOGICAL
Lith`o*log"ic, Lith`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lithologique.]

1. (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the character of a rock, as derived from
the nature and mode of aggregation of its mineral contents.

2. Of or pertaining to lithology.

LITHOLOGICALLY
Lith`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: From a lithological point of view; as, to consider a stratum
lithologically.

LITHOLOGIST
Li*thol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is skilled in lithology.

LITHOLOGY
Li*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Litho- + -logy: cf. F. lithologie.]

1. The science which treats of rocks, as regards their mineral
constitution and classification, and their mode of occurrence in
nature.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A treatise on stones found in the body.

LITHOMANCY
Lith"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Litho- + -mancy: cf. F. lithomancie.]

Defn: Divination by means of stones.

LITHOMARGE
Lith"o*marge, n. Etym: [Litho- + L. marga marl.]

Defn: A clay of a fine smooth texture, and very sectile.

LITHONTHRIPTIC; LITHONTHRYPTIC
Lith`on*thrip"tic, Lith`on*thryp"tic, a. & n. Etym: [Litho- + Gr.

Defn: Same as Lithontriptic.

LITHONTRIPTIC
Lith`on*trip"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. lithontriptique.] (Med.)

Defn: Having the quality of, or used for, dissolving or destroying
stone in the bladder or kidneys; as, lithontriptic forcéps.
 -- n.

Defn: A lithontriptic remedy or agent, as distilled water.

LITHONTRIPTIST
Lith"on*trip"tist, n.

Defn: Same as Lithotriptist.

LITHONTRIPTOR
Lith"on*trip`tor, n. (Surg.)

Defn: See Lithotriptor.

LITHOPHAGOUS
Li*thoph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Litho- + Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) Eating or swallowing stones or gravel, as the ostrich.
(b) Eating or destroying stone; -- applied to various animals which
make burrows in stone, as many bivalve mollusks, certain sponges,
annelids, and sea urchins. See Lithodomus.

LITHOPHANE
Lith`o*phane, n. Etym: [Litho- + Gr.

Defn: Porcelain impressed with figures which are made distinct by
transmitted light, -- as when hung in a window, or used as a lamp
shade.

LITHOPHOSPHOR
Lith"o*phos`phor, n. Etym: [Litho- + phosphor.]

Defn: A stone that becomes phosphoric by heat.

LITHOPHOSPHORIC
Lith`o*phos*phor"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to lithophosphor; becoming phosphoric by heat.

LITHOPHOTOGRAPHY
Lith`o*pho*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Litho- + photography.]

Defn: Same as Photolithography.

LITHOPHYLL
Lith"o*phyll, n. Etym: [Gr. lithophylle.]

Defn: A fossil leaf or impression of a leaf.

LITHOPHYSE
Lith"o*physe, n. Etym: [Litho- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A spherulitic cavity often with concentric chambers, observed
in some volcanic rocks, as in rhyolitic lavas. It is supposed to be
produced by expanding gas, whence the name.

LITHOPHYTE
Lith"o*phyte, n. Etym: [Litho- + Gr. lithophyte.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hard, or stony, plantlike organism, as the gorgonians,
corals, and corallines, esp. those gorgonians having a calcareous
axis. All the lithophytes except the corallines are animals.

LITHOPHYTIC
Lith`o*phyt"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to lithophytes.

LITHOPHYTOUS
Li*thoph"y*tous, a.

Defn: Lithophytic.

LITHOSIAN
Li*tho"sian, n. Etym: [From NL. Lithosia, the typical genus, fr. Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of various species of moths belonging to the family
Lithosidæ. Many of them are beautifully colored.

LITHOSPHERE
Lith"o*sphere, n.  [Litho- + sphere.] (Phys. Geog.)
 (a) The solid earth as distinguished from its fluid envelopes, the
hydrosphere and atmosphere.
 (b) The outer part of the solid earth, the portion undergoing change
through the gradual transfer of material by volcanic eruption, the
circulation of underground water, and the process of erosion and
deposition. It is, therefore, regarded as a third mobile envelope
comparable with the hydrosphere and atmosphere.

LITHOTINT
Lith"o*tint, n. Etym: [Litho- + tint.]

1. A kind of lithography by which the effect of a tinted drawing is
produced, as if made with India ink.

2. A picture produced by this process.

LITHOTOME
Lith"o*tome, n. Etym: [Gr. lithotome.]

1. A stone so formed by nature as to appear as if cut by art.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument used for cutting the bladder in operations for
the stone.

LITHOTOMIC; LITHOTOMICAL
Lith`o*tom"ic, Lith`o*tom"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. lithotomique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or performed by, lithotomy.

LITHOTOMIST
Li*thot"o*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lithotomiste.]

Defn: One who performs the operation of cutting for stone in the
bladder, or one who is skilled in the operation.

LITHOTOMY
Li*thot"o*my, n. Etym: [L. lithotomia, Gr. lithotomie.] (Surg.)

Defn: The operation, art, or practice of cutting for stone in the
bladder.

LITHOTRIPSY
Lith"o*trip`sy, n. Etym: [Litho- + Gr. lithotripsie.] (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of crushing a stone in the bladder with an
instrument called lithotriptor or lithotrite; lithotrity.

LITHOTRIPTIC
Lith`o*trip"tic, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Lithontriptic.

LITHOTRIPTIST
Lith"o*trip`tist, n.

Defn: One skilled in breaking and extracting stone in the bladder.

LITHOTRIPTOR
Lith"o*trip`tor, n. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for triturating the stone in the bladder; a
lithotrite.

LITHOTRITE; LITHOTRITOR
Lith"o*trite, Lith"o*tri"tor,Etym: [See Lithotrity.] (Surg.)

Defn: A lithotriptor.

LITHOTRITIST
Li*thot"ri*tist, n.

Defn: A lithotriptist.

LITHOTRITY
Li*thot"ri*ty, n. Etym: [Litho- + L. terere, tritum, to rub, grind.]
(Surg.)

Defn: The operation of breaking a stone in the bladder into small
pieces capable of being voided.

LITHOTYPE
Lith"o*type, n.

Defn: A kind of stereotype plate made by lithotypy; also, that which
in printed from it. See Lithotypy.

LITHOTYPE
Lith"o*type, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lithotyped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Lithotyping.]

Defn: To prepare for printing with plates made by the process of
lithotypy. See Lithotypy.

LITHOTYPIC
Lith`o*typ"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or produced by, lithotypy.

LITHOTYPY
Li*thot"y*py, n. Etym: [Litho- + -typy.]

Defn: The art or process of making a kind of hard, stereotypeplate,
by pressing into a mold, taken from a page of type or other matter, a
composition of gum shell-lac and sand of a fine quality, together
with a little tar and linseed oil, all in a heated state.

LITHOXYL
Li*thox`yl, n. Etym: [Written also lithoxyle.] Etym: [Litho- + Gr.
lithoxyle.]

Defn: Petrified wood. [Obs.]

LITHUANIAN
Lith`u*a"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Lithuania (formerly a principality united
with Poland, but now Russian and Prussian territory).

LITHUANIAN
Lith`u*a"ni*an, n.

Defn: A native, or one of the people, of Lithuania; also, the
language of the Lithuanian people.

LITHY
Lith"y a. Etym: [See Lithe.]

Defn: Easily bent; pliable. Lithy tree (Bot.), a European shrub
(Viburnum Lantana); -- so named from its tough and flexible stem.

LITIGABLE
Lit"i*ga*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be litigated.

LITIGANT
Lit"i*gant, a. Etym: [L. litigans, -antis, p. pr. of litigare: cf. F.
litigant. See Litigate.]

Defn: Disposed to litigate; contending in law; engaged in a lawsuit;
as, the parties litigant. Ayliffe.

LITIGANT
Lit"i*gant, n.

Defn: A person engaged in a lawsuit.

LITIGATE
Lit"i*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Litigated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Litigating.] Etym: [See Litigation.]

Defn: To make the subject of a lawsuit; to contest in law; to
prosecute or defend by pleadings, exhibition of evidence, and
judicial debate in a court; as, to litigate a cause.

LITIGATE
Lit"i*gate, v. i.

Defn: To carry on a suit by judicial process.

LITIGATION
Lit`i*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. litigatio, fr. litigare to dispute,
litigate; lis, litis, dispute, lawsuit (OL. stlis) + agere to carry
on. See Agent.]

Defn: The act or process of litigating; a suit at law; a judicial
contest.

LITIGATOR
Lit"i*ga`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who litigates.

LITIGIOUS
Li*ti"gious, a. Etym: [L. litigiosus, fr. litigium dispute, quarrel,
fr. litigare: cf. F. litigieux. See Litigation.]

1. Inclined to judicial contest; given to the practice of contending
in law; guarrelsome; contentious; fond of litigation. " A
pettifogging attorney or a litigious client." Macaulay.
Soldiers find wars, and lawyers find out still Litigious men, who
guarrels move. Donne.

2. Subject to contention; disputable; controvertible; debatable;
doubtful; precarious. Shak.
No fences, parted fields, nor marks, nor bounds, Distinguished acres
of litigious grounds. Dryden.

3. Of or pertaining to legal disputes.
Nor brothers cite to the litigious bar. Young.

LITIGIOUSLY
Li*ti"gious*ly, adv.

Defn: In a litigious manner.

LITIGIOUSNESS
Li*ti"gious*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being litigious; disposition to engage in or carry
on lawsuits.

LITMUS
Lit"mus, n. Etym: [D. lakmoes; lak lacker + moes a thick preparation
of fruit, pap, prob. akin to E. meat: cf. G. lackmus. See Lac a
resinous substance.] (Chem.)

Defn: A dyestuff extracted from certain lichens (Roccella tinctoria,
Lecanora tartarea, etc.), as a blue amorphous mass which consists of
a compound of the alkaline carbonates with certain coloring matters
related to orcin and orcein.

Note: Litmus is used as a dye, and being turned red by acids and
restored to its blue color by alkalies, is a common indicator or test
for acidity and alkalinity. Litmus paper (Chem.), unsized paper
saturated with blue or red litmus, -- used in testing for acids or
alkalies.

LITOTES
Li"to*tes, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A diminution or softening of statement for the sake of avoiding
censure or increasing the effect by contrast with the moderation
shown in the form of expression; as, " a citizen of no mean city,"
that is, of an illustrious city.

LITRANETER
Li*tran"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. li`tra + -meter. See Liter]

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the specific gravity of liquids.

LITRE
Li"tre, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Same as Liter.

LITTER
Lit"ter, n. Etym: [F. litière, LL. lectaria, fr. L. lectus couch,
bed. See Lie to be prostrated, and cf. Coverlet.]

1. A bed or stretcher so arranged that a person, esp. a sick or
wounded person, may be easily carried in or upon it.
There is a litter ready; lay him in 't. Shak.

2. Straw, hay, etc., scattered on a floor, as bedding for animals to
rest on; also, a covering of straw for plants.
To crouch in litter of your stable planks. Shak.
Take off the litter from your kernel beds. Evelyn.

3. Things lying scattered about in a manner indicating slovenliness;
scattered rubbish.
Strephon, who found the room was void. Stole in, and took a strict
survey Of all the litter as it lay. Swift.

4. Disorder or untidiness resulting from scattered rubbish, or from
thongs lying about uncared for; as, a room in a state of litter.

5. The young brought forth at one time, by a sow or other multiparous
animal, taken collectively. Also Fig.
A wolf came to a sow, and very kindly offered to take care of her
litter. D. Estrange.
Reflect upon numerous litter of strange, senseless opinions that
crawl about the world. South.

LITTER
Lit"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Littered; p. pr. & vb. n. Littering.]

1. To supply with litter, as cattle; to cover with litter, as the
floor of a stall.
Tell them how they litter their jades. Bp. Hacke
For his ease, well littered was the floor. Dryden.

2. To put into a confused or disordered condition; to strew with
scattered articles; as, to litter a room.
The room with volumes littered round. Swift.

3. To give birth to; to bear; -- said of brutes, esp. those which
produce more than one at a birth, and also of human beings, in
abhorrence or contempt.
We might conceive that dogs were created blind, because we observe
they were littered so with us. Sir T. Browne.
The son that she did litter here, A freckled whelp hagborn. Shak.

LITTER
Lit"ter, v. i.

1. To be supplied with litter as bedding; to sleep or make one's bed
in litter. [R.]
The inn Where he and his horse littered. Habington.

2. To produce a litter.
A desert . . . where the she-wolf still littered. Macaulay.

LITTERATEUR
Lit`te`ra`teur", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: One who occupies himself with literature; a literary man; a
literatus. " Befriended by one kind-hearted littérateur after
another." C. Kingsley.

LITTERY
Lit"ter*y, a.

Defn: Covered or encumbered with litter; consisting of or
constituting litter.

LITTLE
Lit"tle, a. [The regular comparative of this word is wanting, its
place being supplied by less, or, rarely, lesser. See Lesser. For the
superlative least is used, the regular form, littlest, occurring very
rarely, except in some of the English provinces, and occasionally in
colloquial language. " Where love is great, the littlest doubts are
fear." Shak.] Etym: [OE. litel, lutel, AS. l, litel, l; akin to OS.
littil, D. luttel, LG. lütt, OHG. luzzil, MHG. lützel; and perh. to
AS. lytig deceitful, lot deceit, Goth. liuts deceitful, lut to
deceive; cf. also Icel. litill little, Sw. liten, Dan. liden, lille,
Goth. leitils, which appear to have a different root vowel.]

1. Small in size or extent; not big; diminutive; -- opposed to big or
large; as, a little body; a little animal; a little piece of ground;
a little hill; a little distance; a little child.
He sought to see Jesus who he was; and could not for the press,
because he was little of stature. Luke xix. 3.

2. Short in duration; brief; as, a little sleep.
Best him enough: after a little time, I'll beat him too. Shak.

3. Small in quantity or amount; not much; as, a little food; a little
air or water.
Conceited of their little wisdoms, and doting upon their own fancies.
Barrow.

4. Small in dignity, power, or importance; not great; insignificant;
contemptible.
When thou wast little in thine own sight, wast thou not made the head
of the tribes I Sam. xv. 17.

5. Small in force or efficiency; not strong; weak; slight;
inconsiderable; as, little attention or exertion;little effort;
little care or diligence.
By sad experiment I know How little weight my words with thee can
find. Milton.

6. Small in extent of views or sympathies; narrow; shallow;
contracted; mean; illiberal; ungenerous.
The long-necked geese of the world that are ever hissing dispraise,
Because their natures are little. Tennyson.
Little chief. (Zoöl.) See Chief hare.
 -- Little finger, the fourth and smallest finger of the hand.
 -- Little go (Eng. Universities), a public examination about the
middle of the course, which as less strict and important than the
final one; -- called also smalls. Cf. Great go, under Great.
Thackeray.
 -- Little hours (R. C. Ch.), the offices of prime, tierce, sext, and
nones. Vespers and compline are sometimes included.
 -- Little ones, young children.
The men, and the women, and the little ones. Deut. ii. 34.

LITTLE
Lit"tle, n.

1. That which is little; a small quantity, amount, space, or the
like.
Much was in little writ. Dryden.
There are many expressions, which carrying with them no clear ideas,
are like to remove but little of my ignorance. Locke.

2. A small degree or scale; miniature. " His picture in little."
Shak.
A little, to or in a small degree; to a limited extent; somewhat; for
a short time. " Stay a little." Shak.
The painter flattered her a little. Shak.
-- By little and little, or Little by little, by slow degrees;
piecemeal; gradually.

LITTLE
Lit"tle, adv.

Defn: In a small quantity or degree; not much; slightly; somewhat; --
often with a preceding it. " The poor sleep little." Otway.

LITTLE-EASE
Lit"tle-ease`, n.

Defn: An old slang name for the pillory, stocks, etc., of a
prison.[Eng.] Latimer.

LITTLENESS
Lit"tle*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being little; as, littleness of size,
thought, duration, power, etc.

Syn.
 -- Smallness; slightness; inconsiderableness; narrowness;
insignificance; meanness; penuriousness.

LITTORAL
Lit"to*ral, a. Etym: [L. littoralis, litoralis, from littus, litus,
the seashore: cf. F. littoral.]

1. Of or pertaining to a shore, as of the sea.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Inhabiting the seashore, esp. the zone between high-water and
low-water mark.

LITTORINA
Lit"to*ri"na, n. Etym: [NL. See Littoral.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small pectinibranch mollusks, having thick spiral
shells, abundant between tides on nearly all rocky seacoasts. They
feed on seaweeds. The common periwinkle is a well-known example. See
Periwinkle.

LITTRESS
Lit"tress, n.

Defn: A smooth kind of cartridge paper used for making cards. Knight.

LITUATE
Lit"u*ate, a. Etym: [See Lituus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Forked, with the points slightly curved outward.

LITUIFORM
Lit"u*i*form, a. Etym: [Lituus + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of a lituus; like a lituite.

LITUITE
Lit"u*ite, n. Etym: [See Lituus.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Any species of ammonites of the genus Lituites. They are found
in the Cretaceous formation.

LITURATE
Lit"u*rate, a. Etym: [L. lituratus, p. p. of liturare to erase, fr.
litura a blur.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having indistinct spots, paler at their margins.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Spotted, as if from abrasions of the surface.

LITURGIC; LITURGICAL
Li*tur"gic, Li*tur"gic*al,Etym: [Gr. liturgique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, of or the nature of, a liturgy; of or pertaining
to public prayer and worship. T. Warton.

LITURGICALLY
Li*tur"gic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a liturgy.

LITURGICS
Li*tur"gics, n.

Defn: The science of worship; history, doctrine, and interpretation
of liturgies.

LITURGIOLOGIST
Li*tur`gi*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in liturgiology.

LITURGIOLOGY
Li*tur`gi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Liturgy + -logy.]

Defn: The science treating of liturgical matters; a treatise on, or
description of, liturgies. Shipley.

LITURGIST
Lit"ur*gist, n.

Defn: One who favors or adheres strictly to a liturgy. Milton.

LITURGY
Lit"ur*gy, n.; pl. Liturgies. Etym: [F. liturgie, LL. liturgia, Gr.
Lay, a., and Work.]

Defn: An established formula for public worship, or the entire ritual
for public worship in a church which uses prescribed forms; a
formulary for public prayer or devotion. In the Roman Catholic Church
it includes all forms and services in any language, in any part of
the world, for the celebration of Mass.

LITUUS
Lit"u*us, n.; pl. Litui. Etym: [L.]

1. (Rom. Antig.)
(a) A curved staff used by the augurs in quartering the heavens.
(b) An instrument of martial music; a kind of trumpet of a somewhat
curved form and shrill note.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A spiral whose polar equation is r2th = a; that is, a curve the
square of whose radius vector varies inversely as the angle which the
radius vector makes with a given line.

LIVABLE
Liv"a*ble, a.

1. Such as can be lived.

2. Such as in pleasant to live in; fit or suitable to live in.
[Colloq.]
A more delightful or livable region is not easily to be found. T.
Arnold.

LIVE
Live, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lived; p. pr. & vb. n. Living.] Etym: [OE.
liven, livien, AS. libban, lifian; akin to OS. libbian, D. leven, G.
leben, OHG. lebn, Dan. leve, Sw. lefva, Icel. lifa to live, to be
left, to remain, Goth. liban to live; akin to E. leave to forsake,
and life, Gr. lip to anoint, smear; -- the first sense prob. was, to
cleave to, stick to; hence, to remain, stay; and hence, to live.]

1. To be alive; to have life; to have, as an animal or a plant, the
capacity of assimilating matter as food, and to be dependent on such
assimilation for a continuance of existence; as, animals and plants
that live to a great age are long in reaching maturity.
Thus saith the Lord God unto these bones; Behold, I will . . . lay
sinews upon you, and will bring up flesh upon you, and cover you with
skin, and put breath in you, and ye shall live. Ezek. xxxvii. 5, 6.

2. To pass one's time; to pass life or time in a certain manner, as
to habits, conduct, or circumstances; as, to live in ease or
affluence; to live happily or usefully.
O death, how bitter is the remembrance of thee to a man that liveth
at rest in his possessions! Ecclus. xli. 1.

3. To make one's abiding place or home; to abide; to dwell; to
reside.
Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years. Gen. xlvii. 28.

4. To be or continue in existence; to exist; to remain; to be
permanent; to last; -- said of inanimate objects, ideas, etc.
Men's evil manners live in brass; their virtues We write in water.
Shak.

5. To enjoy or make the most of life; to be in a state of happiness.
What greater curse could envious fortune give Than just to die when I
began to live Dryden.

6. To feed; to subsist; to be nourished or supported; -- with on; as,
horses live on grass and grain.

7. To have a spiritual existence; to be quickened, nourished, and
actuated by divine influence or faith.
The just shall live by faith. Gal. iii. ll.

8. To be maintained in life; to acquire a livelihood; to subsist; --
with on or by; as, to live on spoils.
Those who live by labor. Sir W. Temple.

9. To outlast danger; to float; -- said of a ship, boat, etc.; as, no
ship could live in such a storm.
A strong mast that lived upon the sea. Shak.
To live out, to be at service; to live away from home as a servant.
[U. S.] -- To live with. (a) To dwell or to be a lodger with. (b) To
cohabit with; to have intercourse with, as male with female.

LIVE
Live, v. t.

1. To spend, as one's life; to pass; to maintain; to continue in,
constantly or habitually; as, to live an idle or a useful life.

2. To act habitually in conformity with; to practice.
To live the Gospel. Foxe.
To live down, to live so as to subdue or refute; as, to live down
slander.

LIVE
Live, a. Etym: [Abbreviated from alive. See Alive, Life.]

1. Having life; alive; living; not dead.
If one man's ox hurt another's, that he die; then they shall sell the
live ox, and divide the money of it. Ex. xxi. 35.

2. Being in a state of ignition; burning; having active properties;
as, a live coal; live embers. " The live ether." Thomson.

3. Full of earnestness; active; wide awake; glowing; as, a live man,
or orator.

4. Vivid; bright. " The live carnation." Thomson.

5. (Engin.)

Defn: Imparting power; having motion; as, the live spindle of a
lathe. Live birth, the condition of being born in such a state that
acts of life are manifested after the extrusion of the whole body.
Dunglison.
 -- Live box, a cell for holding living objects under microscopical
examination. P. H. Gosse.
 -- Live feathers, feathers which have been plucked from the living
bird, and are therefore stronger and more elastic.
 -- Live gang. (Sawing) See under Gang.
 -- Live grass (Bot.), a grass of the genus Eragrostis.
 -- Live load (Engin.), a suddenly applied load; a varying load; a
moving load; as a moving train of cars on a bridge, or wind pressure
on a roof. Live oak (Bot.), a species of oak (Quercus virens),
growing in the Southern States, of great durability, and highly
esteemed for ship timber. In California the Q. chrysolepis and some
other species are also called live oaks.
 -- Live ring (Engin.), a circular train of rollers upon which a
swing bridge, or turntable, rests, and which travels around a
circular track when the bridge or table turns.
 -- Live steam , steam direct from the boiler, used for any purpose,
in distinction from exhaust steam.
 -- Live stock, horses, cattle, and other domestic animals kept on a
farm. whole body.

LIVE
Live, n.

Defn: Life. [Obs.] Chaucer. On live, in life; alive. [Obs.] See
Alive. Chaucer.

LIVED
Lived, a.

Defn: Having life; -- used only in composition; as, long-lived;
short-lived.

LIVE-FOREVER
Live"-for*ev`er, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Sedum Telephium) with fleshy leaves, which has extreme
powers of resisting drought; garden ox-pine.

LIVELIHED
Live"li*hed, n.

Defn: See Livelihood. [Obs.]

LIVELIHOOD
Live"li*hood, n. Etym: [OE. livelode, liflode, prop., course of life,
life's support, maintenance, fr. AS. lif life + lad road, way,
maintenance. Confused with livelihood liveliness. See Life, and
Lode.]

Defn: Subsistence or living, as dependent on some means of support;
support of life; maintenance.
The opportunities of gaining an honest livelihood. Addison.
It is their profession and livelihood to get their living by
practices for which they deserve to forfeit their lives. South.

LIVELIHOOD
Live"li*hood, n. Etym: [Lively + -hood.]

Defn: Liveliness; appearance of life. [Obs.] Shak.

LIVELILY
Live"li*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lively manner. [Obs.] Lamb.

LIVELINESS
Live"li*ness, n. Etym: [From Lively.]

1. The quality or state of being lively or animated; sprightliness;
vivacity; animation; spirit; as, the liveliness of youth, contrasted
with the gravity of age. B. Jonson.

2. An appearance of life, animation, or spirit; as, the liveliness of
the eye or the countenance in a portrait.

3. Briskness; activity; effervescence, as of liquors.

Syn.
 -- Sprightliness; gayety; animation; vivacity; smartness; briskness;
activity.
 -- Liveliness, Gayety, Animation, Vivacity. Liveliness is an
habitual feeling of life and interest; gayety refers more to a
temporary excitement of the animal spirits; animation implies a
warmth of emotion and a corresponding vividness of expressing it,
awakened by the presence of something which strongly affects the
mind; vivacity is a feeling between liveliness and animation, having
the permanency of the one, and, to some extent, the warmth of the
other. Liveliness of imagination; gayety of heart; animation of
countenance; vivacity of gesture or conversation.

LIVELODE
Live"lode`, n. Etym: [See 1st Livelihood.]

Defn: Course of life; means of support; livelihood. [Obs.]

LIVELONG
Live"long`, a. Etym: [For lifelong. Cf. Lifelong.]

1. Whole; entire; long in passing; -- used of time, as day or night,
in adverbial phrases, and usually with a sense of tediousness.
The obscure bird Clamored the livelong night. Shak.
How could she sit the livelong day, Yet never ask us once to play
Swift.

2. Lasting; durable. [Obs.]
Thou hast built thyself a livelong monument. Milton.

LIVELY
Live"ly, a. [Compar. Livelier; superl. Liveliest.] Etym: [For lifely.
Cf. Lifelike.]

1. Endowed with or manifesting life; living.
Chaplets of gold and silver resembling lively flowers and leaves.
Holland.

2. Brisk; vivacious; active; as, a lively youth.
But wherefore comes old Manoa in such haste, With youthful steps Much
livelier than erewhile He seems. Milton.

3. Gay; airy; animated; spirited.
From grave to gay, from lively to severe. Pope.

4. Representing life; lifelike. [Obs.]
I spied the lively picture of my father. Massinger.

5. Bright; vivid; glowing; strong; vigorous.
The colors of the prism are manifestly more full, intense, and lively
that those of natural bodies. Sir I. Newton.
His faith must be not only living, but lively too. South.
Lively stones (Script.), saints, as being quickened by the Spirit,
and active in holiness.

Syn.
 -- Brisk; vigorous; quick; nimble; smart; active; alert; sprightly;
animated; spirited; prompt; earnest; strong; energetic; vivid;
vivacious; blithe; gleeful; airy; gay; jocund.

LIVELY
Live"ly, adv.

1. In a brisk, active, or animated manner; briskly; vigorously.
Hayward.

2. With strong resemblance of life. [Obs.]
Thou counterfeitest most lively. Shak.

LIVER
Liv"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, lives.
And try if life be worth the liver's care. Prior.

2. A resident; a dweller; as, a liver in Brooklyn.

3. One whose course of life has some marked characteristic (expressed
by an adjective); as, a free liver. Fast liver, one who lives in an
extravagant and dissipated way.
 -- Free liver, Good liver, one given to the pleasures of the table.
 -- Loose liver, a person who lives a somewhat dissolute life.

LIVER
Liv"er, n. Etym: [AS. lifer; akin to D. liver, G. leber, OHG. lebara,
Icel. lifr, Sw. lefver, and perh. to Gr. live, v.] (Anat.)

Defn: A very large glandular and vascular organ in the visceral
cavity of all vertebrates.

Note: Most of the venous blood from the alimentary canal passes
through it on its way back to the heart; and it secretes the bile,
produces glycogen, and in other ways changes the blood which passes
through it. In man it is situated immediately beneath the diaphragm
and mainly on the right side. See Bile, Digestive, and Glycogen. The
liver of invertebrate animals is usually made up of cæcal tubes, and
differs materially, in form and function, from that of vertebrates.
Floating liver. See Wandering liver, under Wandering.
 -- Liver of antimony, Liver of sulphur. (Old Chem.) See Hepar.
 -- Liver brown, Liver color, the color of liver, a dark, reddish
brown.
 -- Liver shark (Zoöl.), a very large shark (Cetorhinus maximus),
inhabiting the northern coasts both of Europe and North America. It
sometimes becomes forty feet in length, being one of the largest
sharks known; but it has small simple teeth, and is not dangerous. It
is captured for the sake of its liver, which often yields several
barrels of oil. It has gill rakers, resembling whalebone, by means of
which it separates small animals from the sea water. Called also
basking shark, bone shark, hoemother, homer, and sailfish.
 -- Liver spots, yellowish brown patches or spots of chloasma.

LIVER
Liv"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The glossy ibis (Ibis falcinellus); -- said to have given its
name to the city of Liverpool.

LIVER-COLORED
Liv"er-col`ored, a.

Defn: Having a color like liver; dark reddish brown.

LIVERED
Liv"ered, a.

Defn: Having (such) a liver; used in composition; as, white-livered.

LIVER-GROWN
Liv"er-grown`, a.

Defn: Having an enlarged liver. Dunglison.

LIVERIED
Liv"er*ied, a.

Defn: Wearing a livery. See Livery, 3.
The liveried servants wait. Parnell.

LIVERING
Liv"er*ing, n.

Defn: A kind of pudding or sausage made of liver or pork. [Obs.]
Chapman.

LIVERLEAF
Liv"er*leaf`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Liverwort.

LIVERWORT
Liv"er*wort`, n. (Bot.)

1. A ranunculaceous plant (Anemone Hepatica) with pretty white or
bluish flowers and a three-lobed leaf; -- called also squirrel cups.

2. A flowerless plant (Marchantia polymorpha), having an irregularly
lobed, spreading, and forking frond.

Note: From this plant many others of the same order (Hepaticæ) have
been vaguely called liverworts, esp. those of the tribe
Marchantiaceæ. See Illust. of Hepatica.

LIVERY
Liv"er*y, n.; pl. Liveries. Etym: [OE. livere, F. livrée, formerly, a
gift of clothes made by the master to his servants, prop., a thing
delivered, fr. livrer to deliver, L. liberare to set free, in LL., to
deliver up. See Liberate.]

1. (Eng. Law)
(a) The act of delivering possession of lands or tenements.
(b) The writ by which possession is obtained.

Note: It is usual to say, livery of seizin, which is a feudal
investiture, made by the delivery of a turf, of a rod, or twig, from
the feoffor to the feoffee. In the United States, and now in Great
Britain, no such ceremony is necessary, the delivery of a deed being
sufficient.

2. Release from wardship; deliverance.
It concerned them first to sue out their livery from the unjust
wardship of his encroaching prerogative. Milton.

3. That which is delivered out statedly or formally, as clothing,
food, etc.; especially:
(a) The uniform clothing issued by feudal superiors to their
retainers and serving as a badge when in military service.
(b) The peculiar dress by which the servants of a nobleman or
gentleman are distinguished; as, a claret-colored livery.
(c) Hence, also, the peculiar dress or garb appropriated by any
association or body of persons to their own use; as, the livery of
the London tradesmen, of a priest, of a charity school, etc.; also,
the whole body or company of persons wearing such a garb, and
entitled to the privileges of the association; as, the whole livery
of London.
A Haberdasher and a Carpenter, A Webbe, a Dyer, and a Tapicer, And
they were clothed all in one livery Of a solempne and a gret
fraternite. Chaucer.
From the periodical deliveries of these characteristic articles of
servile costume (blue coats) came our word livery. De Quincey.

(d) Hence, any characteristic dress or outward appearance. " April's
livery." Sir P. Sidney.
Now came still evening on, and twilight gray Had in her sober livery
all things clad. Milton.

(e) An allowance of food statedly given out; a ration, as to a
family, to servants, to horses, etc.
The emperor's officers every night went through the town from house
to house whereat any English gentleman did repast or lodge, and
served their liveries for all night: first, the officers brought into
the house a cast of fine manchet [white bread], and of silver two
great post, and white wine, and sugar. Cavendish.

(f) The feeding, stabling, and care of horses for compensation;
boarding; as, to keep one's horses at livery.
What livery is, we by common use in England know well enough, namely,
that is, allowance of horse meat, as to keep horses at livery, the
which word, I guess, is derived of livering or delivering forth their
nightly food. Spenser.
It need hardly be observed that the explanation of livery which
Spenser offers is perfectly correct, but . . . it is no longer
applied to the ration or stated portion of food delivered at stated
periods. Trench.

(g) The keeping of horses in readiness to be hired temporarily for
riding or driving; the state of being so kept.
Pegasus does not stand at livery even at the largest establishment in
Moorfields. Lowell.

4. A low grade of wool. Livery gown, the gown worn by a liveryman in
London.

LIVERY
Liv"er*y, v. t.

Defn: To clothe in, or as in, livery. Shak.

LIVERYMAN
Liv"er*y*man, n.; pl. Liverymen (.

1. One who wears a livery, as a servant.

2. A freeman of the city, in London, who, having paid certain fees,
is entitled to wear the distinguishing dress or livery of the company
to which he belongs, and also to enjoy certain other privileges, as
the right of voting in an election for the lord mayor, sheriffs,
chamberlain, etc.

3. One who keeps a livery stable.

LIVERY STABLE
Liv"er*y sta`ble

Defn: . A stable where horses are kept for hire, and where stabling
is provided. See Livery, n., 3 (e) (f) & (g).

LIVES
Lives, n.;

Defn: pl. of Life.

LIVES
Lives, a. & adv. Etym: [Orig. a genitive sing. of life.]

Defn: Alive; living; with life. [Obs.] " Any lives creature."
Chaucer.

LIVID
Liv"id, a. Etym: [L. lividus, from livere to be of a blush color, to
be black and blue: cf. F. livide.]

Defn: Black and blue; grayish blue; of a lead color; discolored, as
flesh by contusion. Cowper.
There followed no carbuncles, no purple or livid spots, the mass of
the blood not being tainted. Bacon.

LIVIDITY
Li*vid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lividité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being livid.

LIVIDNESS
Liv"id*ness, n.

Defn: Lividity. Walpole.

LIVING
Liv"ing, a. Etym: [From Live, v. i.]

1. Being alive; having life; as, a living creature.

2. Active; lively; vigorous; -- said esp. of states of the mind , and
sometimes of abstract things; as, a living faith; a living principle.
" Living hope. " Wyclif.

3. Issuing continually from the earth; running; flowing; as, a living
spring; -- opposed to stagnant.

4. Producing life, action, animation, or vigor; quickening. " Living
light." Shak.

5. Ignited; glowing with heat; burning; live.
Then on the living coals wine they pour. Dryden.
Living force. See Vis viva, under Vis.
 -- Living gale (Naut.), a heavy gale. Living rock or stone, rock in
its native or original state or location; rock not quarried. " I now
found myself on a rude and narrow stairway, the steps of which were
cut of the living rock." Moore.
 -- The living, those who are alive, or one who is alive.

LIVING
Liv"ing, n.

1. The state of one who, or that which, lives; lives; life;
existence. "Health and living." Shak.

2. Manner of life; as, riotous living; penurious living; earnest
living. " A vicious living." Chaucer.

3. Means of subsistence; sustenance; estate.
She can spin for her living. Shak.
He divided unto them his living. Luke xv. 12.

4. Power of continuing life; the act of living, or living
comfortably.
There is no living without trusting somebody or other in some cases.
L' Estrange.

5. The benefice of a clergyman; an ecclesiastical charge which a
minister receives. [Eng.]
He could not get a deanery, a prebend, or even a living Macaulay.
Livng room, the room most used by the family.

LIVINGLY
Liv"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a living state. Sir T. Browne.

LIVINGNESS
Liv"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being alive; possession of energy or
vigor; animation; quickening.

LIVING PICTURE
Liv"ing pic"ture.

Defn: A tableau in which persons take part; also, specif., such a
tableau as imitating a work of art.

LIVONIAN
Li*vo"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Livonia, a district of Russia near the
Baltic Sea.

LIVONIAN
Li*vo"ni*an, n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Livonia; the language (allied to
the Finnish) of the Livonians.

LIVOR
Li"vor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Malignity. [P.] Burton.

LIVRAISON
Li`vrai`son", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. liberatio a setting free, in LL.,
a delivering up. See Liberation.]

Defn: A part of a book or literary composition printed and delivered
by itself; a number; a part.

LIVRE
Li"vre, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. libra a pound of twelve ounces. Cf.
Lira.]

Defn: A French money of account, afterward a silver coin equal to 20
sous. It is not now in use, having been superseded by the franc.

LIXIVIAL
Lix*iv"i*al, a. Etym: [L. lixivius, fr. lix ashes, lye ashes, lye:
cf. F. lixiviel.]

1. Impregnated with, or consisting of, alkaline salts extracted from
wood ashes; impregnated with a salt or salts like a lixivium. Boyle.

2. Of the color of lye; resembling lye.

3. Having the qualities of alkaline salts extracted from wood ashes.
Lixivial salts (Old Chem.), salts which are obtained by passing water
through ashes, or by pouring it on them.

LIXIVIATE; LIXIVITED
Lix*iv"i*ate, Lix*iv"i*`ted, a. Etym: [From Lixivium.]

1. Of or pertaining to lye or lixivium; of the quality of alkaline
salts.

2. Impregnated with salts from wood ashes. Boyle.

LIXIVIATE
Lix*iv"i*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lixiviated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Lixiviating.]

Defn: To subject to a washing process for the purpose of separating
soluble material from that which is insoluble; to leach, as ashes,
for the purpose of extracting the alkaline substances.

LIXIVIATION
Lix*iv`i*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lixiviation.]

Defn: Lixiviating; the process of separating a soluble substance form
one that is insoluble, by washing with some solvent, as water;
leaching.

LIXIVIOUS
Lix*iv"i*ous, a.

Defn: See Lixivial.

LIXIVIUM
Lix*iv"i*um, n. Etym: [L. lixivium, lixivia. See Lixivial.]

Defn: A solution of alkaline salts extracted from wood ashes; hence,
any solution obtained by lixiviation.

LIXT
Lixt, obs.

Defn: 2d pers. sing. pres. of Lige, to lie, to tell lies, --
contracted for ligest. Chaucer.

LIZA
Li"za, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American white mullet (Mugil curema).

LIZARD
Liz"ard, n. Etym: [OE. lesarde, OF. lesarde, F. lézard, L. lacerta,
lacertus. Cf. Alligator, Lacerta.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of the numerous species of reptiles belonging to the
order Lacertilia; sometimes, also applied to reptiles of other
orders, as the Hatteria.

Note: Most lizards have an elongated body, with four legs, and a long
tail; but there are some without legs, and some with a short, thick
tail. Most have scales, but some are naked; most have eyelids, but
some do not. The tongue is varied in form and structure. In some it
is forked, in others, as the chameleons, club-shaped, and very
extensible. See Amphisbæna, Chameleon, Gecko, Gila monster, Horned
toad, Iguana, and Dragon, 6.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of rope with thimble or block spliced into one or both
of the ends. R. H. Dana, Ir.

3. A piece of timber with a forked end, used in dragging a heavy
stone, a log, or the like, from a field. Lizard fish (Zoöl.), a
marine scopeloid fish of the genus Synodus, or Saurus, esp. S.
foetens of the Southern United States and West Indies; -- called also
sand pike.
 -- Lizard snake (Zoöl.), the garter snake (Eutænia sirtalis).
 -- Lizard stone (Min.), a kind of serpentine from near Lizard Point,
Cornwall, England, -- used for ornamental purposes.

LIZARD'S TAIL
Liz"ard's tail`. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial plant of the genus Saururus (S. cernuus), growing
in marshes, and having white flowers crowded in a slender terminal
spike, somewhat resembling in form a lizard's tail; whence the name.
Gray.

LLAMA
Lla"ma, n. Etym: [Peruv.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American ruminant (Auchenia llama), allied to the
camels, but much smaller and without a hump. It is supposed to be a
domesticated variety of the guanaco. It was formerly much used as a
beast of burden in the Andes.

LLANDEILO GROUP
Llan*dei"lo group`. (Geol.)

Defn: A series of strata in the lower Silurian formations of Great
Britain; -- so named from Llandeilo in Southern Wales. See Chart of
Geology.

LLANERO
Lla*ne"ro, n. Etym: [Sp. Amer.]

Defn: One of the inhabitants of the llanos of South America.

LLANO
Lla"no, n.; pl. Llanos. Etym: [Sp., plain even, level. See Plain.]

Defn: An extensive plain with or without vegetation. [Spanish
America]

LLOYD'S
Lloyd's, n.

1. An association of underwriters and others in London, for the
collection and diffusion of marine intelligence, the insurance,
classification, registration, and certifying of vessels, and the
transaction of business of various kinds connected with shipping.

2. A part of the Royal Exchange, in London, appropriated to the use
of underwriters and insurance brokers; -- called also Lloyd's Rooms.

Note: The name is derived from Lloyd's Coffee House, in Lombard
Street, where there were formerly rooms for the same purpose. The
name Lloyd or Lloyd's has been taken by several associations, in
different parts of Europe, established for purposes similar to those
of the original association. Lloyd's agents, persons employed in
various parts of the world, by the association called Lloyd's, to
serve its interests.
 -- Lloyd's list, a publication of the latest news respecting
shipping matters, with lists of vessels, etc., made under the
direction of Lloyd's. Brande & C.
 -- Lloyd's register, a register of vessels rated according to their
quality, published yearly.

LO
Lo, interj. Etym: [OE. lo, low; perh. akin to E. look, v.]

Defn: Look; see; behold; observe. " Lo, here is Christ." Matt. xxiv.
23. " Lo, we turn to the Gentiles." Acts xiii. 46.

LOACH
Loach, n. Etym: [OE. loche, F. loche.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several small, fresh-water, cyprinoid fishes of the
genera Cobitis, Nemachilus, and allied genera, having six or more
barbules around the mouth. They are found in Europe and Asia. The
common European species (N. barbatulus) is used as a food fish.

LOAD
Load, n. Etym: [OE. lode load, way; properly the same word as lode,
but confused with lade, load, v. See Lade, Lead, v., Lode.]

1. A burden; that which is laid on or put in anything for conveyance;
that which is borne or sustained; a weight; as, a heavy load.
He might such a load To town with his ass carry. Gower.

2. The quantity which can be carried or drawn in some specified way;
the contents of a cart, barrow, or vessel; that which will constitute
a cargo; lading.

3. That which burdens, oppresses, or grieves the mind or spirits; as,
a load of care. " A . . . load of guilt." Ray. " Our life's a load."
Dryden.

4. A particular measure for certain articles, being as much as may be
carried at one time by the conveyance commonly used for the article
measured; as, a load of wood; a load of hay; specifically, five
quarters.

5. The charge of a firearm; as, a load of powder.

6. Weight or violence of blows. [Obs.] Milton.

7. (Mach.)

Defn: The work done by a steam engine or other prime mover when
working. Load line, or Load water line (Naut.), the line on the
outside of a vessel indicating the depth to which it sinks in the
water when loaded.

Syn.
 -- Burden; lading; weight; cargo. See Burden.

LOAD
Load, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Loaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Loading. Loaden is
obsolete, and laden belongs to lade.]

1. To lay a load or burden on or in, as on a horse or in a cart; to
charge with a load, as a gun; to furnish with a lading or cargo, as a
ship; hence, to add weight to, so as to oppress or embarrass; to heap
upon.
I strive all in vain to load the cart. Gascoigne.
I have loaden me with many spoils. Shak.
Those honors deep and broad, wherewith Your majesty loads our house.
Shak.

2. To adulterate or drug; as, to load wine. [Cant]

3. To magnetize.[Obs.] Prior. Loaded dice, dice with one side made
heavier than the others, so that the number on the opposite side will
come up oftenest.

LOADER
Load"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, loads; a mechanical contrivance for
loading, as a gun.

LOADING
Load"ing, n.

1. The act of putting a load on or into.

2. A load; cargo; burden. Shak.

LOADMANAGE; LODEMANAGE
Load"man*age, Lode"man*age, n.

Defn: Pilotage; skill of a pilot or loadsman. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOADSMAN; LODESMAN
Loads"man, Lodes"man, n. Etym: [Load, lode + man. See Lode.]

Defn: A pilot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOADSTAR; LODESTAR
Load"star`, Lode"star`, n. Etym: [Load, lode + star. See Lode.]

Defn: A star that leads; a guiding star; esp., the polestar; the
cynosure. Chaucer. " Your eyes are lodestars." Shak.
The pilot can no loadstar see. Spenser.

LOADSTONE; LODESTONE
Load"stone`, Lode"stone, n. Etym: [Load, lode + stone.] (Min.)

Defn: A piece of magnetic iron ore possessing polarity like a
magnetic needle. See Magnetite.

LOAF
Loaf, n.; pl. Loaves. Etym: [OE. lof, laf, AS. hlaf; akin to G. laib,
OHG. hleip, Icel. hleifr, Goth. hlaifs, Russ. khlieb', Lith. klëpas.
Cf. Lady, Lammas, Lord.]

Defn: Any thick lump, mass, or cake; especially, a large regularly
shaped or molded mass, as of bread, sugar, or cake. Bacon. Loaf
sugar, refined sugar that has been formed into a conical loaf in a
mold.

LOAF
Loaf, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Loafed; p. pr. & vb. n. Loafing.] Etym: [G.
laufen to run, Prov. G. loofen. See Leap.]

Defn: To spend time in idleness; to lounge or loiter about. " Loafing
vagabonds." W. Black.

LOAF
Loaf, v. t.

Defn: To spend in idleness; -- with away; as, to loaf time away.

LOAFER
Loaf"er, n. Etym: [G. läufer a runner, Prov. G. laufer, lofer, fr.
laufen to run. See Leap.]

Defn: One who loafs; a lazy lounger. Lowell.

LOAM
Loam, n. Etym: [AS. lam; akin to D. leem, G. lehm, and E. lime. See
4th Lime.]

1. A kind of soil; an earthy mixture of clay and sand, with organic
matter to which its fertility is chiefly due.
We wash a wall of loam; we labor in vain. Hooker.

2. (Founding)

Defn: A mixture of sand, clay, and other materials, used in making
molds for large castings, often without a pattern. Loam mold
(Founding), a mold made with loam. See Loam, n., 2.
 -- Loam molding, the process or business of making loam molds. Loam
plate, an iron plate upon which a section of a loam mold rests, or
from which it is suspended.
 -- Loam work, loam molding or loam molds.

LOAM
Loam, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Loamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Loaming.]

Defn: To cover, smear, or fill with loam.

LOAMY
Loam"y, a.

Defn: Consisting of loam; partaking of the nature of loam; resembling
loam. Bacon.

LOAN
Loan, n. Etym: [See Lawn.]

Defn: A loanin. [Scot.]

LOAN
Loan, n. Etym: [OE. lone, lane, AS. lan, læn, fr. león to lend; akin
to D. leen loan, fief, G. lehen fief, Icel. lan, G. leihen to lend,
OHG. lihan, Icel. lji, Goth. leihwan, L. linquere to leave, Gr. ric.
Delinquent, Eclipse, Eleven, Ellipse, Lend, License, Relic.]

1. The act of lending; a lending; permission to use; as, the loan of
a book, money, services.

2. That which one lends or borrows, esp. a sum of money lent at
interest; as, he repaid the loan. Loan office. (a) An office at which
loans are negotiated, or at which the accounts of loans are kept, and
the interest paid to the lender. (b) A pawnbroker's shop.

LOAN
Loan, n. t. [imp. & p. p. Loaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Loaning.]

Defn: To lend; -- sometimes with out. Kent.
By way of location or loaning them out. J. Langley (1644).

LOANABLE
Loan"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be lent; available for lending; as, loanable funds;
-- used mostly in financial business and writings.

LOANIN; LOANING
Loan"in, Loan"ing, n. Etym: [From Scotch loan, E. lawn.]

Defn: An open space between cultivated fields through which cattle
are driven, and where the cows are sometimes milked; also, a lane.
[Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

LOANMONGER
Loan"mon`ger, n.

Defn: A dealer in, or negotiator of, loans.
The millions of the loanmonger. Beaconsfield.

LOATH
Loath, a. Etym: [OE. looth, loth, AS. la hostile, odious; akin to OS.
l, G. leid, Icel. lei, Sw. led, G. leiden to suffer, OHG. lidan to
suffer, go, cf. AS. li to go, Goth. leipan, and E. lead to guide.]

1. Hateful; odious; disliked. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Filled with disgust or aversion; averse; unwilling; reluctant; as,
loath to part.
Full loth were him to curse for his tithes. Chaucer
.
Why, then, though loath, yet must I be content. Shak.

LOATHE
Loathe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Loathed; p. pr. & vb. n. Loathing.] Etym:
[AS. la to hate. See Loath.]

1. To feel extreme disgust at, or aversion for.
Loathing the honeyed cakes, I Ionged for bread. Cowley.

2. To dislike greatly; to abhor; to hate.
The secret which I loathe. Waller.
She loathes the vital sir. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To hate; abhor; detest; abominate. See Hate.

LOATHE
Loathe, v. i.

Defn: To feel disgust or nausea. [Obs.]

LOATHER
Loath"er, n.

Defn: One who loathes.

LOATHFUL
Loath"ful, a.

1. Full of loathing; hating; abhorring. "Loathful eyes." Spenser.

2. Causing a feeling of loathing; disgusting.
Above the reach of loathful, sinful lust. Spenser.

LOATHING
Loath"ing, n.

Defn: Extreme disgust; a feeling of aversion, nausea, abhorrence, or
detestation.
The mutual fear and loathing of the hostile races. Macaulay.

LOATHINGLY
Loath"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With loathing.

LOATHLINESS
Loath"li*ness, n.

Defn: Loathsomeness. [Obs.]

LOATHLY
Loath"ly, a. Etym: [AS. la.]

Defn: Loathsome. [Obs.] " Loathly mouth." Spenser.

LOATHLY
Loath"ly, adv.

1. Unwillingly; reluctantly.
This shows that you from nature loathly stray. Donne.

2. ( [Obs.]
With dust and blood his locks were loathly dight. Fairfax.

LOATHNESS
Loath"ness, n.

Defn: Unwillingness; reluctance.
A general silence and loathness to speak. Bacon.

LOATHSOME
Loath"some, a.

Defn: Fitted to cause loathing; exciting disgust; disgusting.
The most loathsome and deadly forms of infection. Macaulay.
-- Loath"some*ly. adv.
 -- Loath"some*ness, n.

LOATHY
Loath"y, a.

Defn: Loathsome. [Obs.] Spenser.

LOAVES
Loaves, n.;

Defn: pl. of Loaf.

LOB
Lob, n. Etym: [W. llob an unwieldy lump, a dull fellow, a blockhead.
Cf. Looby, Lubber.]

1. A dull, heavy person. " Country lobs." Gauden.

2. Something thick and heavy.

LOB
Lob, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lobbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Lobbing.]

Defn: To let fall heavily or lazily.
And their poor jades Lob down their heads. Shak.
To lob a ball (Lawn Tennis), to strike a ball so as to send it up
into the air.

LOB
Lob, v. t. (Mining)

Defn: See Cob, v. t.

LOB
Lob, n. Etym: [Dan. lubbe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European pollock.

LOBAR
Lo"bar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a lobe; characterized by, or like, a lobe
or lobes.

LOBATE; LOBATED
Lo"bate, Lo"ba*ted, a. Etym: [See Lobe.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Consisting of, or having, lobes; lobed; as, a lobate leaf.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) Having lobes; -- said of the tails of certain fishes having the
integument continued to the bases of the fin rays.
(b) Furnished with membranous flaps, as the toes of a coot. See
Illust. (m) under Aves.

LOBATELY
Lo"bate*ly, adv.

Defn: As a lobe; so as to make a lobe; in a lobate manner.

LOBBISH
Lob"bish, a.

Defn: Like a lob; consisting of lobs. Sir. P. Sidney.

LOBBY
Lob"by, n.; pl. Lobbies. Etym: [LL. lobium, lobia, laubia, a covered
portico fit for walking, fr. OHG.louba, G. laube, arbor. See Lodge.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A passage or hall of communication, especially when large
enough to serve also as a waiting room. It differs from an
antechamber in that a lobby communicates between several rooms, an
antechamber to one only; but this distinction is not carefully
preserved.

2. That part of a hall of legislation not appropriated to the
official use of the assembly; hence, the persons, collectively, who
frequent such a place to transact business with the legislators; any
persons, not members of a legislative body, who strive to influence
its proceedings by personal agency. [U.S.]

3. (Naut.)

Defn: An apartment or passageway in the fore part of an old-fashioned
cabin under the quarter-deck.

4. (Agric.)

Defn: A confined place for cattle, formed by hedges. trees, or other
fencing, near the farmyard. Lobby member, a lobbyist. [Humorous cant,
U. S.]

LOBBY
Lob"by, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lobbied; p. pr. & vb. n. Lobbying.]

Defn: To address or solicit members of a legislative body in the
lobby or elsewhere, with the purpose to influence their votes.[U.S.]
Bartlett.

LOBBY
Lob"by, v. t.

Defn: To urge the adoption or passage of by soliciting members of a
legislative body; as, to lobby a bill. [U.S.]

LOBBYIST
Lob"by*ist, n.

Defn: A member of the lobby; a person who solicits members of a
legislature for the purpose of influencing legislation. [U.S.]

LOBCOCK
Lob"cock`, n.

Defn: A dull, sluggish person; a lubber; a lob. [Low]

LOBE
Lobe, n. Etym: [F. lobe, Gr.

Defn: Any projection or division, especially one of a somewhat
rounded form; as:
(a) (Bot.) A rounded projection or division of a leaf. Gray.
(b)(Zoöl.)

Defn: A membranous flap on the sides of the toes of certain birds, as
the coot.
(c) (Anat.) A round projecting part of an organ, as of the liver,
lungs, brain, etc. See Illust. of Brain.
(b) (Mach.) The projecting part of a cam wheel or of a non-circular
gear wheel. Lobe of the ear, the soft, fleshy prominence in which the
human ear terminates below. See. Illust. of Ear.

LOBED
Lobed, a.

Defn: Having lobes; lobate.

LOBEFOOT
Lobe"foot`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird having lobate toes; esp., a phalarope.

LOBE-FOOTED
Lobe"-foot`ed, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Lobiped.

LOBELET
Lobe"let, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small lobe; a lobule.

LOBELIA
Lo*be"li*a, n. Etym: [NL. So called from Lobel, botanist to King
James I.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, including a great number of species. Lobelia
inflata, or Indian tobacco, is an annual plant of North America,
whose leaves contain a poisonous white viscid juice, of an acrid
taste. It has often been used in medicine as an emetic, expectorant,
etc. L. cardinalis is the cardinal flower, remarkable for the deep
and vivid red color of its flowers.

LOBELIACEOUS
Lo*be`li*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants of which the
genus Lobelia is the type.

LOBELIN
Lo*be"lin, n. (Med.)

Defn: A yellowish green resin from Lobelia, used as an emetic and
diaphoretic.

LOBELINE
Lo*be"line, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous narcotic alkaloid extracted from the leaves of
Indian tobacco (Lobelia inflata) as a yellow oil, having a
tobaccolike taste and odor.

LOBIPED
Lo"bi*ped, a. Etym: [Lobe + L. pes, pedis, foot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having lobate toes, as a coot.

LOBLOLLY
Lob"lol`ly, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Gruel; porridge; -- so called among seamen. Loblolly bay
(Bot.), an elegant white-flowered evergreen shrub or small tree, of
the genus Gordonia (G. Lasianthus), growing in the maritime parts of
the Southern United States. Its bark is sometimes used in tanning.
Also, a similar West Indian tree (Laplacea hæmatoxylon).
 -- Loblolly boy, a surgeon's attendant on shipboard. Smollett.
 -- Loblolly pine (Bot.), a kind of pitch pine found from Delaware
southward along the coast; old field pine (Pinus Tæda). Also, P.
Bahamensis, of the West Indies.
 -- Loblolly tree (Bot.), a name of several West Indian trees, having
more or less leathery foliage, but alike in no other respect; as
Pisonia subcordata, Cordia alba, and Cupania glabra.

LOBOSA
Lo*bo"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Lobe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Rhizopoda, in which the pseudopodia are thick and
irregular in form, as in the Amoeba.

LOBSCOUSE
Lob"scouse`, n. Etym: [Written also lobscourse from which lobscouse
is corrupted.] Etym: [Lob + course.] (Naut.)

Defn: A combination of meat with vegetables, bread, etc., usually
stewed, sometimes baked; an olio.

LOBSIDED
Lob"sid`ed, a.

Defn: See Lopsided.

LOBSPOUND
Lobs"pound`, n. Etym: [Lob + pound a prison.]

Defn: A prison. [Obs.] Hudibras.

LOBSTER
Lob"ster, n. Etym: [AS. loppestre, lopystre prob., corrupted fr. L.
locusta a marine shellfish, a kind of lobster, a locust. Cf. Locust.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any large macrurous crustacean used as food, esp. those of the
genus Homarus; as the American lobster (H. Americanus), and the
European lobster (H. vulgaris). The Norwegian lobster (Nephrops
Norvegicus) is similar in form. All these have a pair of large
unequal claws. The spiny lobsters of more southern waters, belonging
to Palinurus, Panulirus, and allied genera, have no large claws. The
fresh-water crayfishes are sometimes called lobsters. Lobster
caterpillar (Zoöl.), the caterpillar of a European bombycid moth
(Stauropus fagi); -- so called from its form. Lobster louse (Zoöl.),
a copepod crustacean (Nicothoë astaci) parasitic on the gills of the
European lobster.

LOBULAR
Lob"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lobulaire.]

Defn: Like a lobule; pertaining to a lobule or lobules.

LOBULATE; LOBULATED
Lob"u*late, Lob"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: Made up of, or divided into, lobules; as, a lobulated gland.

LOBULE
Lob"ule, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lobule, dim. of lobe. See Lobe.]

Defn: A small lobe; a subdivision of a lobe. Lobule of the ear.
(Anat.) Same as Lobe of the ear.

LOBULETTE
Lob`u*lette", n. Etym: [Dim. of lobule.] (Anat.)

Defn: A little lobule, or subdivision of a lobule.

LOBWORM
Lob"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lugworm.

LOCAL
Lo"cal, a. Etym: [L. localis, fr. locus place: cf. F. local. See
Lieu, Locus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a particular place, or to a definite region
or portion of space; restricted to one place or region; as, a local
custom.
Gives to airy nothing A local habitation and a name. Shak.
Local actions (Law), actions such as must be brought in a particular
county, where the cause arises; -- distinguished from transitory
actions.
 -- Local affection (Med.), a disease or ailment confined to a
particular part or organ, and not directly affecting the system.
 -- Local attraction (Magnetism), an attraction near a compass,
causing its needle to deviate from its proper direction, especially
on shipboard.
 -- Local battery (Teleg.), the battery which actuates the recording
instruments of a telegraphic station, as distinguished from the
battery furnishing a current for the line.
 -- Local circuit (Teleg.), the circuit of the local battery.
 -- Local color. (a) (Paint.) The color which belongs to an object,
and is not caused by accidental influences, as of reflection, shadow,
etc. (b) (Literature) Peculiarities of the place and its inhabitants
where the scene of an action or story is laid.
 -- Local option, the right or obligation of determining by popular
vote within certain districts, as in each county, city, or town,
whether the sale of alcoholic beverages within the district shall be
allowed.

LOCAL
Lo"cal, n.

1. (Railroad)

Defn: A train which receives and deposits passengers or freight along
the line of the road; a train for the accommodation of a certain
district. [U.S.]

2. On newspaper cant, an item of news relating to the place where the
paper is published. [U.S.]

LOCALE
Lo`cale", n. Etym: [F. local.]

1. A place, spot, or location.

2. A principle, practice, form of speech, or other thing of local
use, or limited to a locality.

LOCALISM
Lo"cal*ism, n.

1. The state or quality of being local; affection for a particular
place.

2. A method of speaking or acting peculiar to a certain district; a
local idiom or phrase.

LOCALITY
Lo*cal"i*ty, n.; pl. Localitiees (. Etym: [L. localitas: cf. F.
localité.]

1. The state, or condition, of belonging to a definite place, or of
being contained within definite limits.
It is thought that the soul and angels are devoid of quantity and
dimension, and that they have nothing to do with grosser locality.
Glanvill.

2. Position; situation; a place; a spot; esp., a geographical place
or situation, as of a mineral or plant.

3. Limitation to a county, district, or place; as, locality of trial.
Blackstone.

4. (Phren.)

Defn: The perceptive faculty concerned with the ability to remember
the relative positions of places.

LOCALIZATION
Lo`cal*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. localisation.]

Defn: Act of localizing, or state of being localized. Cerebral
localization (Physiol.), the localization of the control of special
functions, as of sight or of the various movements of the body, in
special regions of the brain.

LOCALIZE
Lo"cal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Localized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Localizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. localiser. See Local.]

Defn: To make local; to fix in, or assign to, a definite place. H.
Spencer. Wordsworth.

LOCALLY
Lo"cal*ly, adv.

Defn: With respect to place; in place; as, to be locally separated or
distant.

LOCATE
Lo"cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Located; p. pr. & vb. n. Locating.]
Etym: [L. locatus, p. p. of locare to place, fr. locus place. See
Local.]

1. To place; to set in a particular spot or position.
The captives and emigrants whom he brought with him were located in
the trans-Tiberine quarter. B. F. Westcott.

2. To designate the site or place of; to define the limits of; as, to
locate a public building; to locate a mining claim; to locate (the
land granted by) a land warrant.
That part of the body in which the sense of touch is located. H.
Spencer.

LOCATE
Lo"cate, v. i.

Defn: To place one's self; to take up one's residence; to settle.
[Colloq.]

LOCATION
Lo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. locatio, fr. locare.]

1. The act or process of locating.

2. Situation; place; locality. Locke.

3. That which is located; a tract of land designated in place. [U.S.]

4. (Law)
(a) (Civil Law) A leasing on rent.
(b) (Scots Law) A contract for the use of a thing, or service of a
person, for hire. Wharton. (c) (Amer. Law)

Defn: The marking out of the boundaries, or identifying the place or
site of, a piece of land, according to the description given in an
entry, plan, map, etc. Burrill. Bouvier.

LOCATIVE
Loc"a*tive, a. (Gram.)

Defn: Indicating place, or the place where, or wherein; as, a
locative adjective; locative case of a noun.
 -- n.

Defn: The locative case.

LOCATOR
Lo"ca*tor, n.

Defn: One who locates, or is entitled to locate, land or a mining
claim. [U.S.]

LOCELLATE
Lo*cel"late, a. Etym: [L. locellus a compartment, dim. of locus a
place.] (Bot.)

Defn: Divided into secondary compartments or cells, as where one
cavity is separated into several smaller ones.

LOCH
Loch, n. Etym: [Gael. & Olr. loch. See Lake of water.]

Defn: A lake; a bay or arm of the sea. [Scot.]

LOCH
Loch, n. Etym: [F. looch, Ar. la', an electuary, or any medicine
which may be licked or sucked, fr. la' to lick.] (Med.)

Defn: A kind of medicine to be taken by licking with the tongue; a
lambative; a lincture.

LOCHABER AX; LOCHABER AXE
Loch*a"ber ax", Loch*a"ber axe". Etym: [So called from Lochaber, in
Scotland.]

Defn: A weapon of war, consisting of a pole armed with an axhead at
its end, formerly used by the Scotch Highlanders.

LOCHAGE
Loch"age, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: An officer who commanded a company; a captain. Mitford.

LOCHAN
Loch"an, n. Etym: [Gael. See 1st Loch.]

Defn: A small lake; a pond. [Scot.]
A pond or lochan rather than a lake. H. Miller.

LOCHE
Loche, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Loach.

LOCHIA
Lo*chi"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The discharge from the womb and vagina which follows
childbirth.

LOCHIAL
Lo"chi*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lochial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lochia.

LOCK
Lock, n. Etym: [AS. locc; akin to D. lok, G. locke, OHG. loc, Icel.
lokkr, and perh. to Gr.

Defn: A tuft of hair; a flock or small quantity of wool, hay, or
other like substance; a tress or ringlet of hair.
These gray locks, the pursuivants of death. Shak.

LOCK
Lock, n. Etym: [AS. loc inclosure, an inclosed place, the fastening
of a door, fr. lucan to lock, fasten; akin to OS. lukan (in comp.),
D. luiken, OHG. luhhan, Icel. l, Goth. lukan (in comp.); cf. Skr. ruj
to break. Cf. Locket.]

1. Anything that fastens; specifically, a fastening, as for a door, a
lid, a trunk, a drawer, and the like, in which a bolt is moved by a
key so as to hold or to release the thing fastened.

2. A fastening together or interlacing; a closing of one thing upon
another; a state of being fixed or immovable.
Albemarle Street closed by a lock of carriages. De Quincey.

3. A place from which egress is prevented, as by a lock. Dryden.

4. The barrier or works which confine the water of a stream or canal.

5. An inclosure in a canal with gates at each end, used in raising or
lowering boats as they pass from one level to another; -- called also
lift lock.

6. That part or apparatus of a firearm by which the charge is
exploded; as, a matchlock, flintlock, percussion lock, etc.

7. A device for keeping a wheel from turning.

8. A grapple in wrestling. Milton. Detector lock, a lock containing a
contrivance for showing whether it as has been tampered with.
 -- Lock bay (Canals), the body of water in a lock chamber.
 -- Lock chamber, the inclosed space between the gates of a canal
lock.
 -- Lock nut. See Check nut, under Check.
 -- Lock plate, a plate to which the mechanism of a gunlock is
attached.
 -- Lock rail (Arch.), in ordinary paneled doors, the rail nearest
the lock. Lock rand (Masonry), a range of bond stone. Knight.
 -- Mortise lock, a door lock inserted in a mortise.
 -- Rim lock, a lock fastened to the face of a door, thus differing
from a mortise lock.

LOCK
Lock, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Locked; p. pr. & vb. n. Locking.]

1. To fasten with a lock, or as with a lock; to make fast; to prevent
free movement of; as, to lock a door, a carriage wheel, a river, etc.

2. To prevent ingress or access to, or exit from, by fastening the
lock or locks of; -- often with up; as, to lock or lock up, a house,
jail, room, trunk. etc.

3. To fasten in or out, or to make secure by means of, or as with,
locks; to confine, or to shut in or out -- often with up; as, to lock
one's self in a room; to lock up the prisoners; to lock up one's
silver; to lock intruders out of the house; to lock money into a
vault; to lock a child in one's arms; to lock a secret in one's
breast.

4. To link together; to clasp closely; as, to lock arms. " Lock hand
in hand." Shak.

5. (Canals)

Defn: To furnish with locks; also, to raise or lower (a boat) in a
lock.

6. (Fencing)

Defn: To seize, as the sword arm of an antagonist, by turning the
left arm around it, to disarm him.

LOCK
Lock, v. i.

Defn: To become fast, as by means of a lock or by interlacing; as,
the door locks close.
When it locked none might through it pass. Spenser.
To lock into, to fit or slide into; as, they lock into each other.
Boyle.

LOCKAGE
Lock"age, n.

1. Materials for locks in a canal, or the works forming a lock or
locks.

2. Toll paid for passing the locks of a canal.

3. Amount of elevation and descent made by the locks of a canal.
The entire lock will be about fifty feet. De Witt Clinton.

LOCK-DOWN
Lock"-down`, n.

Defn: A contrivance to fasten logs together in rafting; -- used by
lumbermen. [U.S.]

LOCKED-JAW
Locked"-jaw`, n.

Defn: See Lockjaw.

LOCKEN
Lock"en, obs. p. p.

Defn: of Lock. Chaucer.

LOCKEN
Lock"en, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The globeflower (Trollius).

LOCKER
Lock"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, locks.

2. A drawer, cupboard, compartment, or chest, esp. one in a ship,
that may be closed with a lock. Chain locker (Naut.), a compartment
in the hold of a vessel, for holding the chain cables.
 -- Davy Jones's locker, or Davy's locker. See Davy Jones.
 -- Shot locker, a compartment where shot are deposited. Totten.

LOCKET
Lock"et, n. Etym: [F. loquet latch, dim. of OF. loc latch, lock; of
German origin. See Lock a fastening.]

1. A small lock; a catch or spring to fasten a necklace or other
ornament.

2. A little case for holding a miniature or lock of hair, usually
suspended from a necklace or watch chain.

LOCK HOSPITAL
Lock" hos"pi*tal

Defn: . A hospital for the treatment of venereal diseases. [Eng.]

LOCKJAW
Lock"jaw`, n. (Med.)

Defn: A contraction of the muscles of the jaw by which its motion is
suspended; a variety of tetanus.

LOCKLESS
Lock"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a lock.

LOCKMAN
Lock"man, n.

Defn: A public executioner. [Scot.]

LOCKOUT
Lock"out`, n.

Defn: The closing of a factory or workshop by an employer, usually in
order to bring the workmen to satisfactory terms by a suspension of
wages.

LOCKRAM
Lock"ram, n. Etym: [F. locrenan, locronan; from Locronan, in
Brittany, where it is said to have been made.]

Defn: A kind of linen cloth anciently used in England, originally
imported from Brittany. Shak.

LOCKSMITH
Lock"smith`, n.

Defn: An artificer whose occupation is to make or mend locks.

LOCK STEP
Lock" step`

Defn: . A mode of marching by a body of men going one after another
as closely as possible, in which the leg of each moves at the same
time with the corresponding leg of the person before him.

LOCK STITCH
Lock" stitch`

Defn: . A peculiar sort of stitch formed by the locking of two
threads together, as in the work done by some sewing machines. See
Stitch.

LOCKUP
Lock"up`, n.

Defn: A place where persons under arrest are temporarily locked up; a
watchhouse.

LOCK-WEIR
Lock"-weir`, n.

Defn: A waste weir for a canal, discharging into a lock chamber.

LOCKY
Lock"y, a.

Defn: Having locks or tufts. [R.] Sherwood.

LOCO
Lo"co, adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A direction in written or printed music to return to the proper
pitch after having played an octave higher.

LOCO
Lo"co, n. Etym: [Sp. loco insane.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Astragalus Hornii) growing in the Southwestern United
States, which is said to poison horses and cattle, first making them
insane. The name is also given vaguely to several other species of
the same genus. Called also loco weed.

LOCO DISEASE
Loco disease. (Veter.)

Defn: A chronic nervous affection of cattle, horses, and sheep,
caused by eating the loco weed and characterized by a slow, measured
gait, high step, glassy eyes with defective vision, delirium, and
gradual emaciation.

LOCOFOCO
Lo`co*fo"co, n. Etym: [Of uncertain etymol.; perh. for L. loco foci
instead of fire; or, according to Bartlett, it was called so from a
self-lighting cigar, with a match composition at the end, invented in
1834 by John Marck of New York, and called by him locofoco cigar, in
imitation of the word locomotive, which by the uneducated was
supposed to mean, self-moving.]

1. A friction match. [U.S.]

2. A nickname formerly given to a member of the Democratic party.
[U.S.]

Note: The name was first applied, in 1834, to a portion of the
Democratic party, because, at a meeting in Tammany Hall, New York, in
which there was great diversity of sentiment, the chairman left his
seat, and the lights were extinguished, for the purpose of dissolving
the meeting; when those who were opposed to an adjournment produced
locofoco matches, rekindled the lights, continued the meeting, and
accomplished their object.

LOCOMOTION
Lo`co*mo"tion, n. Etym: [L. locus place + motio motion: cf. F.
locomotion. See Local, and Motion.]

1. The act of moving from place to place. " Animal locomotion."
Milton.

2. The power of moving from place to place, characteristic of the
higher animals and some of the lower forms of plant life.

LOCOMOTIVE
Lo"co*mo`tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. locomotif. See Locomotion.]

1. Moving from place to place; changing place, or able to change
place; as, a locomotive animal.

2. Used in producing motion; as, the locomotive organs of an animal.

LOCOMOTIVE
Lo"co*mo`tive, n.

Defn: A locomotive engine; a self-propelling wheel carriage,
especially one which bears a steam boiler and one or more steam
engines which communicate motion to the wheels and thus propel the
carriage, -- used to convey goods or passengers, or to draw wagons,
railroad cars, etc. See Illustration in Appendix. Consolidation
locomotive, a locomotive having four pairs of connected drivers.
 -- Locomotive car, a locomotive and a car combined in one vehicle; a
dummy engine. [U.S.] -- Locomotive engine. Same as Locomotive, above.
 -- Mogul locomotive. See Mogul.

LOCOMOTIVENESS; LOCOMOTIVITY
Lo"co*mo`tive*ness, Lo`co*mo*tiv"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F.
locomotivité.]

Defn: The power of changing place.

LOCOMOTOR
Lo`co*mo"tor, a. Etym: [See Locomotion.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to movement or locomotion. Locomotor ataxia,
or Progressive locomotor ataxy (Med.), a disease of the spinal cord
characterized by peculiar disturbances of gait, and difficulty in
coördinating voluntary movements.

LOCULAMENT
Loc"u*la*ment, n. Etym: [L. loculamentum case, box, fr. loculus a
compartment, dim. of locus place.] (Bot.)

Defn: The cell of a pericarp in which the seed is lodged.

LOCULAR
Loc"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. locularis.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or relating to the cell or compartment of an ovary, etc.; in
composition, having cells; as trilocular. Gray.

LOCULATE
Loc"u*late, a. Etym: [L. loculatus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Divided into compartments.

LOCULE
Loc"ule, n. Etym: [Cf. F. locule. See Loculus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A little hollow; a loculus.

LOCULICIDAL
Loc"u*li*ci`dal, a. Etym: [L. loculus cell + caedere to cut: cf. F.
loculicide.] (Bot.)

Defn: Dehiscent through the middle of the back of each cell; -- said
of capsules.

LOCULOSE; LOCULOUS
Loc"u*lose`, Loc"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. loculosus. See Loculament.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Divided by internal partitions into cells, as the pith of the
pokeweed.

LOCULUS
Loc"u*lus, n.; pl. Loculi. Etym: [L., little place, a compartment.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the spaces between the septa in the Anthozoa.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the compartments of a several-celled ovary; loculament.

LOCUM TENENS
Lo"cum te"nens. Etym: [L., holding the place; locus place + tenens,
p. pr. of tenere to hold. Cf. Lieutenant.]

Defn: A substitute or deputy; one filling an office for a time.

LOCUS
Lo"cus, n.; pl. Loci, & Loca. Etym: [L., place. Cf. Allow, Couch,
Lieu, Local.]

1. A place; a locality.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The line traced by a point which varies its position according
to some determinate law; the surface described by a point or line
that moves according to a given law. Plane locus, a locus that is a
straight line, or a circle.
 -- Solid locus, a locus that is one of the conic sections.

LOCUST
Lo"cust, n. Etym: [L. locusta locust, grasshopper. Cf. Lobster.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of long-winged, migratory,
orthopterous insects, of the family Acrididæ, allied to the
grasshoppers; esp., (Edipoda, or Pachytylus, migratoria, and Acridium
perigrinum, of Southern Europe, Asia, and Africa. In the United
States the related species with similar habits are usually called
grasshoppers. See Grasshopper.

Note: These insects are at times so numerous in Africa and the south
of Asia as to devour every green thing; and when they migrate, they
fly in an immense cloud. In the United States the harvest flies are
improperly called locusts. See Cicada. Locust beetle (Zoöl.), a
longicorn beetle (Cyllene robiniæ), which, in the larval state, bores
holes in the wood of the locust tree. Its color is brownish black,
barred with yellow. Called also locust borer.
 -- Locust bird (Zoöl.) the rose-colored starling or pastor of India.
See Pastor.
 -- Locust hunter (Zoöl.), an African bird; the beefeater.

2. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.)

Defn: The locust tree. See Locust Tree (definition, note, and
phrases). Locust bean (Bot.), a commercial name for the sweet pod of
the carob tree.

LOCUSTA
Lo*cus"ta, n. Etym: [NL.: cf. locuste.] (Bot.)

Defn: The spikelet or flower cluster of grasses. Gray.

LOCUSTELLA
Lo`cus*tel"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. locusta a locust.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European cricket warbler.

LOCUSTIC
Lo*cus"tic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the locust; -- formerly used to
designate a supposed acid.

LOCUSTING
Lo"cust*ing, p. a.

Defn: Swarming and devastating like locusts. [R.] Tennyson.

LOCUST TREE
Lo"cust tree`. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large North American tree of the genus Robinia (R.
Pseudacacia), producing large slender racemes of white, fragrant,
papilionaceous flowers, and often cultivated as an ornamental tree.
In England it is called acacia.

Note: The name is also applied to other trees of different genera,
especially to those of the genus Hymenæa, of which H. Courbaril is a
lofty, spreading tree of South America; also to the carob tree
(Ceratonia siliqua), a tree growing in the Mediterranean region.
Honey locust tree (Bot.), a tree of the genus Gleditschia ) G.
triacanthus), having pinnate leaves and strong branching thorns; --
so called from a sweet pulp found between the seeds in the pods.
Called also simply honey locust.
 -- Water locust tree (Bot.), a small swamp tree (Gleditschia
monosperma), of the Southern United States.

LOCUTION
Lo*cu"tion, n. Etym: [L. locutio, fr. loqui to speak: cf. F.
locution. ]

Defn: Speech or discourse; a phrase; a form or mode of expression. "
Stumbling locutions." G. Eliot.
I hate these figures in locution, These about phrases forced by
ceremony. Marston.

LOCUTORY
Loc"u*to*ry, n.

Defn: A room for conversation; especially, a room in monasteries,
where the monks were allowed to converse.

LODDE
Lod"de, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The capelin.

LODE
Lode, n. Etym: [AS. lad way, journey, fr. li\'eban to go. See Lead to
guide, and cf. Load a burden.]

1. A water course or way; a reach of water.
Down that long, dark lode . . . he and his brother skated home in
triumph. C. Kingsley.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A metallic vein; any regular vein or course, whether metallic
or not.

LODEMANAGE
Lode"man*age, n. Etym: [OE. lodemenage. Chaucer.]

Defn: Pilotage. [Obs.]

LODE-SHIP
Lode"-*ship`, n.

Defn: An old name for a pilot boat.

LODESMAN
Lodes"man, n.

Defn: Same as Loadsman. [Obs.]

LODESTAR
Lode"star`, n.

Defn: Same as Loadstar.

LODESTONE
Lode"stone`, n. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Loadstone.

LODGE
Lodge, n. Etym: [OE. loge, logge, F. loge, LL. laubia porch, gallery,
fr. OHG. louba, G. laube, arbor, bower, fr. lab foliage. See Leaf,
and cf. Lobby, Loggia.]

1. A shelter in which one may rest; as: (a) A shed; a rude cabin; a
hut; as, an Indian's lodge. Chaucer.
Their lodges and their tentis up they gan bigge [to build]. Robert of
Brunne.
O for a lodge in some vast wilderness! Cowper.

(b) A small dwelling house, as for a gamekeeper or gatekeeper of an
estate. Shak.
(c) A den or cave.
(d) The meeting room of an association; hence, the regularly
constituted body of members which meets there; as, a masonic lodge.
(c) The chamber of an abbot, prior, or head of a college.

2. (Mining)

Defn: The space at the mouth of a level next the shaft, widened to
permit wagons to pass, or ore to be deposited for hoisting; -- called
also platt. Raymond.

3. A collection of objects lodged together.
The Maldives, a famous lodge of islands. De Foe.

4. A family of North American Indians, or the persons who usually
occupy an Indian lodge, -- as a unit of enumeration, reckoned from
four to six persons; as, the tribe consists of about two hundred
lodges, that is, of about a thousand individuals. Lodge gate, a park
gate, or entrance gate, near the lodge. See Lodge, n., 1 (b).

LODGE
Lodge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lodged; p. pr. & vb. n. Lodging.]

1. To rest or remain a lodge house, or other shelter; to rest; to
stay; to abide; esp., to sleep at night; as, to lodge in York Street.
Chaucer.
Stay and lodge by me this night. Shak.
Something holy lodges in that breast. Milton
.

2. To fall or lie down, as grass or grain, when overgrown or beaten
down by the wind. Mortimer.

3. To come to a rest; to stop and remain; as, the bullet lodged in
the bark of a tree.

LODGE
Lodge, v. t. Etym: [OE. loggen, OF. logier, F. loger. See Lodge, n. ]

1. To give shelter or rest to; especially, to furnish a sleeping
place for; to harbor; to shelter; hence, to receive; to hold.
Every house was proud to lodge a knight. Dryden.
The memory can lodge a greater stone of images that all the senses
can present at one time. Cheyne.

2. To drive to shelter; to track to covert.
The deer is lodged; I have tracked her to her covert. Addison.

3. To deposit for keeping or preservation; as, the men lodged their
arms in the arsenal.

4. To cause to stop or rest in; to implant.
He lodged an arrow in a tender breast. Addison.

5. To lay down; to prostrate.
Though bladed corn be lodged, and trees blown down. Shak.
To lodge an information, to enter a formal complaint.

LODGEABLE
Lodge"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. logeable.]

1. That may be or can be lodged; as, so many persons are not
lodgeable in this village.

2. Capable of affording lodging; fit for lodging in. [R.] " The
lodgeable area of the earth." Jeffrey.

LODGED
Lodged, a. (Her.)

Defn: Lying down; -- used of beasts of the chase, as couchant is of
beasts of prey.

LODGEMENT
Lodge"ment, n.

Defn: See Lodgment.

LODGER
Lodg"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, lodges; one who occupies a hired room
in another's house.

LODGING
Lodg"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, lodges.

2. A place of rest, or of temporary habitation; esp., a sleeping
apartment; -- often in the plural with a singular meaning. Gower.
Wits take lodgings in the sound of Bow. Pope.

3. Abiding place; harbor; cover.
Fair bosom . . . the lodging of delight. Spenser.
Lodging house, a house where lodgings are provided and let.
 -- Lodging room, a room in which a person lodges, esp. a hired room.

LODGMENT
Lodg"ment, n. [Written also lodgement.] Etym: [Cf. F. logement. See
Lodge, v.]

1. The act of lodging, or the state of being lodged.
Any particle which is of size enough to make a lodgment afterwards in
the small arteries. Paley.

2. A lodging place; a room. [Obs.]

3. An accumulation or collection of something deposited in a place or
remaining at rest.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: The occupation and holding of a position, as by a besieging
party; an instrument thrown up in a captured position; as, to effect
a lodgment.

LODICULE
Lod"i*cule, n. Etym: [L. lodicula. dim, of lodix, lodicis, a
coverlet: cf. F. lodicule.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the two or three delicate membranous scales which are
next to the stamens in grasses.

LOELLINGITE
Loel"ling*ite, n. Etym: [So called from Lölling, in Austria.] (Min.)

Defn: A tin-white arsenide of iron, isomorphous with arsenopyrite.

LOESS
Loess, n. Etym: [G. löss.] (Geol.)

Defn: A quaternary deposit, usually consisting of a fine yellowish
earth, on the banks of the Rhine and other large rivers.

LOEVEN'S LARVA
Loev"en's lar"va. Etym: [Named after the Swedish zoölogist, S. F.
Löven, who discovered it.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The peculiar larva of Polygordius. See Polygordius.

LOFFE
Loffe, v. i.

Defn: To laugh. [Obs.] Shak.

LOFT
Loft, n. Etym: [Icel. lopt air, heaven, loft, upper room; akin to AS.
lyft air, G. luft, Dan. loft loft, Goth. luftus air. Cf. Lift, v. &
n. ]

Defn: That which is lifted up; an elevation. Hence, especially:
(a) The room or space under a roof and above the ceiling of the
uppermost story.
(b) A gallery or raised apartment in a church, hall, etc.; as, an
organ loft.
(c) A floor or room placed above another; a story.
Eutychus . . . fell down from the third loft. Acts xx. 9.
On loft, aloft; on high. Cf. Onloft. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOFT
Loft, a.

Defn: Lofty; proud. [R. & Obs.] Surrey.

LOFTER
Loft"er, n. (Golf)

Defn: An iron club used in lofting the ball; -- called also lofting
iron.

LOFTILY
Loft"i*ly, adv. Etym: [From Lofty.]

Defn: In a lofty manner or position; haughtily.

LOFTINESS
Loft"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being lofty.

LOFTING IRON
Loft"ing iron. (Golf)

Defn: Same as Lofter.

LOFTY
Loft"y, a. [Compar. Loftier; superl. Loftiest.] Etym: [From Loft.]

1. Lifted high up; having great height; towering; high.
See lofty Lebanon his head advance. Pope.

2. Fig.: Elevated in character, rank, dignity, spirit, bearing,
language, etc.; exalted; noble; stately; characterized by pride;
haughty.
The high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternity. Is. lvii. 15.
Lofty and sour to them that loved him not. Shak.
Himself to sing, and build the lofty rhyme. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Tall; high; exalted; dignified; stately; majestic; sublime;
proud; haughty. See Tall.

LOG
Log, n. Etym: [Heb. log.]

Defn: A Hebrew measure of liquids, containing 2.37 gills. W. H. Ward.

LOG
Log, n. Etym: [Icel. lag a felled tree, log; akin to E. lie. See Lie
to lie prostrate.]

1. A bulky piece of wood which has not been shaped by hewing or
sawing.

2. Etym: [Prob. the same word as in sense 1; cf. LG. log, lock, Dan.
log, Sw. logg.] (Naut.)

Defn: An apparatus for measuring the rate of a ship's motion through
the water.

Note: The common log consists of the log-chip, or logship, often
exclusively called the log, and the log line, the former being
commonly a thin wooden quadrant of five or six inches radius, loaded
with lead on the arc to make it float with the point up. It is
attached to the log line by cords from each corner. This line is
divided into equal spaces, called knots, each bearing the same
proportion to a mile that half a minute does to an hour. The line is
wound on a reel which is so held as to let it run off freely. When
the log is thrown, the log-chip is kept by the water from being drawn
forward, and the speed of the ship is shown by the number of knots
run out in half a minute. There are improved logs, consisting of a
piece of mechanism which, being towed astern, shows the distance
actually gone through by the ship, by means of the revolutions of a
fly, which are registered on a dial plate.

3. Hence: The record of the rate of ship's speed or of her daily
progress; also, the full nautical record of a ship's cruise or
voyage; a log slate; a log book.

4. A record and tabulated statement of the work done by an engine, as
of a steamship, of the coal consumed, and of other items relating to
the performance of machinery during a given time.

5. (Mining)

Defn: A weight or block near the free end of a hoisting rope to
prevent it from being drawn through the sheave. Log board (Naut.), a
board consisting of two parts shutting together like a book, with
columns in which are entered the direction of the wind, course of the
ship, etc., during each hour of the day and night. These entries are
transferred to the log book. A folding slate is now used instead.
 -- Log book, or Logbook (Naut.), a book in which is entered the
daily progress of a ship at sea, as indicated by the log, with notes
on the weather and incidents of the voyage; the contents of the log
board. Log cabin, Log house, a cabin or house made of logs.
 -- Log canoe, a canoe made by shaping and hollowing out a single
log.
 -- Log glass (Naut.), a small sandglass used to time the running out
of the log line.
 -- Log line (Naut.), a line or cord about a hundred and fifty
fathoms long, fastened to the log-chip. See Note under 2d Log, n., 2.
 -- Log perch (Zoöl.), an ethiostomoid fish, or darter (Percina
caprodes); -- called also hogfish and rockfish.
 -- Log reel (Naut.), the reel on which the log line is wound.
 -- Log slate. (Naut.) See Log board (above).
 -- Rough log (Naut.), a first draught of a record of the cruise or
voyage.
 -- Smooth log (Naut.), a clean copy of the rough log. In the case of
naval vessels this copy is forwarded to the proper officer of the
government.
 -- To heave the log (Naut.), to cast the log-chip into the water;
also, the whole process of ascertaining a vessel's speed by the log.

LOG
Log, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Logged; p. pr. & vb. n. Logging.] (Naut.)

Defn: , To enter in a ship's log book; as, to log the miles run. J.
F. Cooper.

LOG
Log, v. i.

1. To engage in the business of cutting or transporting logs for
timber; to get out logs. [U.S.]

2. To move to and fro; to rock. [Obs.]

LOGAN
Log"an, n.

Defn: A rocking or balanced stone. Gwill.

LOGAOEDIC
Log`a*oed"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Pros.)

Defn: Composed of dactyls and trochees so arranged as to produce a
movement like that of ordinary speech.

LOGARITHM
Log"a*rithm, n. Etym: [Gr. logarithme.] (Math.)

Defn: One of a class of auxiliary numbers, devised by John Napier, of
Merchiston, Scotland (1550-1617), to abridge arithmetical
calculations, by the use of addition and subtraction in place of
multiplication and division.

Note: The relation of logarithms to common numbers is that of numbers
in an arithmetical series to corresponding numbers in a geometrical
series, so that sums and differences of the former indicate
respectively products and quotients of the latter; thus
0 1 2 3 4 Indices or logarithms 1 10 100 1000 10,000 Numbers in
geometrical progression Hence, the logarithm of any given number is
the exponent of a power to which another given invariable number,
called the base, must be raised in order to produce that given
number. Thus, let 10 be the base, then 2 is the logarithm of 100,
because 102 = 100, and 3 is the logarithm of 1,000, because 103 =
1,000. Arithmetical complement of a logarithm, the difference between
a logarithm and the number ten.
 -- Binary logarithms. See under Binary.
 -- Common logarithms, or Brigg's logarithms, logarithms of which the
base is 10; -- so called from Henry Briggs, who invented them.
 -- Gauss's logarithms, tables of logarithms constructed for
facilitating the operation of finding the logarithm of the sum of
difference of two quantities from the logarithms of the quantities,
one entry of those tables and two additions or subtractions answering
the purpose of three entries of the common tables and one addition or
subtraction. They were suggested by the celebrated German
mathematician Karl Friedrich Gauss (died in 1855), and are of great
service in many astronomical computations.
 -- Hyperbolic, or Napierian, logarithms, those logarithms (devised
by John Speidell, 1619) of which the base is 2.7182818; -- so called
from Napier, the inventor of logarithms.
 -- Logistic or Proportionallogarithms., See under Logistic.

LOGARITHMETIC; LOGARITHMETICAL
Log`a*rith*met"ic, Log"a*rith*met"ic*al, a.

Defn: See Logarithmic.

LOGARITHMETICALLY
Log`a*rith*met"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Logarithmically.

LOGARITHMIC; LOGARITHMICAL
Log`a*rith"mic, Log`a*rith"mic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. logarithmique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to logarithms; consisting of logarithms.
Logarithmic curve (Math.), a curve which, referred to a system of
rectangular coördinate axes, is such that the ordinate of any point
will be the logarithm of its abscissa.
 -- Logarithmic spiral, a spiral curve such that radii drawn from its
pole or eye at equal angles with each other are in continual
proportion. See Spiral.

LOGARITHMICALLY
Log`a*rith"mic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By the use of logarithms.

LOG-CHIP
Log"-chip`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A thin, flat piece of board in the form of a quadrant of a
circle attached to the log line; -- called also log-ship. See 2d Log,
n., 2.

LOGCOCK
Log"cock`, n.

Defn: The pileated woodpecker.

LOGE
Loge, n. Etym: [F. See Lodge.]

Defn: A lodge; a habitation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOGGAN
Log"gan, n.

Defn: See Logan.

LOGGAT
Log"gat, n. Etym: [Also written logget.]

1. A small log or piece of wood. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. pl.

Defn: An old game in England, played by throwing pieces of wood at a
stake set in the ground. [Obs.] Shak.

LOGGE
Logge, n. & v.

Defn: See Lodge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOGGED
Logged, a.

Defn: Made slow and heavy in movement; water-logged. Beaconsfield.

LOGGER
Log"ger, n.

Defn: One engaged in logging. See Log, v. i. [U.S.] Lowell.

LOGGERHEAD
Log"ger*head`, n. Etym: [Log + head.]

1. A blockhead; a dunce; a numskull. Shak. Milton.

2. A spherical mass of iron, with a long handle, used to heat tar.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: An upright piece of round timber, in a whaleboat, over which a
turn of the line is taken when it is running out too fast. Ham. Nav.
Encyc.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large marine turtle (Thalassochelys caretta, or
caouana), common in the warmer parts of the Atlantic Ocean, from
Brazil to Cape Cod; -- called also logger-headed turtle.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American shrike (Lanius Ludovicianus), similar to the
butcher bird, but smaller. See Shrike. To be at loggerheads, To fall
to loggerheads, or To go to loggerheads, to quarrel; to be at strife.
L' Estrange.

LOGGERHEADED
Log"ger*head`ed, a.

Defn: Dull; stupid. Shak.
A rabble of loggerheaded physicians. Urquhart.

LOGGERHEADS
Log"ger*heads`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The knapweed.

LOGGIA
Log"gia, n. Etym: [It. See Lodge.] (Arch.)

Defn: A roofed open gallery. It differs from a veranda in being more
architectural, and in forming more decidedly a part of the main
edifice to which it is attached; from a porch, in being intended not
for entrance but for an out-of-door sitting-room.

LOGGING
Log"ging, n.

Defn: The business of felling trees, cutting them into logs, and
transporting the logs to sawmills or to market.

LOGIC
Log"ic, n. Etym: [OE. logike, F. logique, L. logica, logice, Gr.
Legend.]

1. The science or art of exact reasoning, or of pure and formal
thought, or of the laws according to which the processes of pure
thinking should be conducted; the science of the formation and
application of general notions; the science of generalization,
judgment, classification, reasoning, and systematic arrangement;
correct reasoning.

Logic is science of the laws of thought, as that is, of the necessary
conditions to which thought, considered in itself, is subject. Sir W.
Hamilton.

Note: Logic is distinguished as pure and applied. " Pure logic is a
science of the form, or of the formal laws, of thinking, and not of
the matter. Applied logic teaches the application of the forms of
thinking to those objects about which men do think. " Abp. Thomson.

2. A treatise on logic; as, Mill's Logic.

LOGICAL
Log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. logique, L. logicus, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to logic; used in logic; as, logical subtilties.
Bacon.

2. According to the rules of logic; as, a logical argument or
inference; the reasoning is logical. Prior.

3. Skilled in logic; versed in the art of thinking and reasoning; as,
he is a logical thinker. Addison.

LOGICALITY
Log`i*cal"i*ty, n.

Defn: Logicalness.

LOGICALLY
Log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a logical manner; as, to argue logically.

LOGICALNESS
Log"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being logical.

LOGICIAN
Lo*gi"cian, n. Etym: [Cf. F. logicien.]

Defn: A person skilled in logic. Bacon.
Each fierce logician still expelling Locke. Pope.

LOGICS
Log"ics, n.

Defn: See Logic.

LOGISTIC; LOGISTICAL
Lo*gis"tic, Lo*gis"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. logistique.]

1. Logical. [Obs.] Berkeley.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Sexagesimal, or made on the scale of 60; as, logistic, or
sexagesimal, arithmetic. Logistic, or Proportional, logarithms,
certain logarithmic numbers used to shorten the calculation of the
fourth term of a proportion of which one of the terms is a given
constant quantity, commonly one hour, while the other terms are
expressed in minutes and seconds; -- not now used.

LOGISTICS
Lo*gis"tics, n.

1. (Mil.)

Defn: That branch of the military art which embraces the details of
moving and supplying armies. The meaning of the word is by some
writers extended to include strategy. H. L. Scott.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A system of arithmetic, in which numbers are expressed in a
scale of 60; logistic arithmetic.

LOGMAN
Log"man, n.; pl. Logmen (.

Defn: A man who carries logs. Shak.

LOGODAEDALY
Log`o*dæd"a*ly, n. Etym: [Gr. Logos, and Dædal.]

Defn: Verbal legerdemain; a playing with words. [R.] Coleridge.

LOGOGRAM
Log"o*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. -gram.]

Defn: A word letter; a phonogram, that, for the sake of brevity,
represents a word; as, |, i. e., t, for it. Cf. Grammalogue.

LOGOGRAPHER
Lo*gog"ra*pher, n.

1. A chronicler; one who writes history in a condensed manner with
short simple sentences.

2. One skilled in logography.

LOGOGRAPHIC; LOGOGRAPHICAL
Log`o*graph"ic, Log`o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. logographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to logography.

LOGOGRAPHY
Lo*gog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. logographie.]

1. A method of printing in which whole words or syllables, cast as
single types, are used.

2. A mode of reporting speeches without using shorthand, -- a number
of reporters, each in succession, taking down three or four words.
Brande & C.

LOGOGRIPH
Log"o*griph, n. Etym: [Gr. logogriphe.]

Defn: A sort of riddle in which it is required to discover a chosen
word from various combinations of its letters, or of some of its
letters, which form other words; -- thus, to discover the chosen word
chatter form cat, hat, rat, hate, rate, etc. B. Jonson.

LOGOMACHIST
Lo*gom"a*chist, n. Etym: [See Logomachy.]

Defn: One who contends about words.

LOGOMACHY
Lo*gom"a*chy, n. Etym: [Gr. logomachie.]

1. Contention in words merely, or a contention about words; a war of
words.
The discussion concerning the meaning of the word " justification" .
. . has largely been a mere logomachy. L. Abbott.

2. A game of word making.

LOGOMETRIC
Log`o*met"ric, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Serving to measure or ascertain chemical equivalents;
stoichiometric. [R.]

LOGOS
Log"os, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. A word; reason; speech. H. Bushell.

2. The divine Word; Christ.

LOGOTHETE
Log"o*thete, Etym: [LL. logotheta, fr. Gr.

Defn: An accountant; under Constantine, an officer of the empire; a
receiver of revenue; an administrator of a department.

LOGOTYPE
Log"o*type, n. Etym: [Gr. -type.] (Print.)

Defn: A single type, containing two or more letters; as, æ, Æ, fi,
fl, ffl, etc. ; -- called also ligature.

LOGROLL
Log"roll`, v. i. & t.

Defn: To engage in logrolling; to accomplish by logrolling.
[Political cant, U. S.]

LOGROLLER
Log"roll`er, n.

Defn: One who engages in logrolling. [Political cant, U. S.]
The jobbers and logrollers will all be against it. The. Nation.

LOGROLLING
Log"roll`ing, n.

1. (Logging)

Defn: The act or process of rolling logs from the place where they
were felled to the stream which floats them to the sawmill or to
market. In this labor neighboring camps of loggers combine to assist
each other in turn. Longfellow. [U.S.]

2. Hence: A combining to assist another in consideration of receiving
assistance in return; -- sometimes used of a disreputable mode of
accomplishing political schemes or ends. [Cant, U.S.]

LOG-SHIP
Log"-ship, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A part of the log. See Log-chip, and 2d Log, n., 2.

LOGWOOD
Log"wood` n. Etym: [So called from being imported in logs.]

Defn: The heartwood of a tree (Hæmatoxylon Campechianum), a native of
South America, It is a red, heavy wood, containing a crystalline
substance called hæmatoxylin, and is used largely in dyeing. An
extract from this wood is used in medicine as an astringent. Also
called Campeachy wood, and bloodwood.

-LOGY
-lo*gy. Etym: [Gr. Logic.]

Defn: A combining form denoting a discourse, treatise, doctrine,
theory, science; as, theology, geology, biology, mineralogy.

LOGY
Lo"gy, a. Etym: [From D. log.]

Defn: Heavy or dull in respect to motion or thought; as, a logy
horse. [U.S.]
Porcupines are . . . logy, sluggish creatures. C. H. Merriam.

LOHOCK
Lo"hock, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Loch, a medicine.

LOIMIC
Loi"mic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the plague or contagious disorders.

LOIN
Loin, n. Etym: [OE. loine, OF. logne, F. longe, from (assumed) LL.
lumbea, L. lumbus join. Cf. Lends, Lumbar, Nombles.]

Defn: That part of a human being or quadruped, which extends on
either side of the spinal column between the hip bone and the false
ribs. In human beings the loins are also called the reins. See
Illust. of Beef.

LOIR
Loir, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. glis, gliris.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large European dormouse (Myoxus glis).

LOITER
Loi"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Loitered; p. pr. & vb. n. Loitering.]
Etym: [D. leuteren to delay, loiter; cf; Prov. G. lottern to be
louse, lotter louse, slack, unsettled, vagrant, OHG. lotar.]

1. To be slow in moving; to delay; to linger; to be dilatory; to
spend time idly; to saunter; to lag behind.
Sir John, you loiter here too long. Shak.
If we have loitered, let us quicken our pace. Rogers.

2. To wander as an idle vagrant. [Obs.] Spenser.

Syn.
 -- To linger; delay; lag; saunter; tarry.

LOITERER
Loi"ter*er, n.

1. One who loiters; an idler.

2. An idle vagrant; a tramp. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.

LOITERINGLY
Loi"ter*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a loitering manner.

LOK; LOKI
Lok, Lo"ki, n. Etym: [Icel. Loki, perh. akin to lokka, locka to
allure, entice.] (Scandinavian Myth.)

Defn: The evil deity, the author of all calamities and mischief,
answering to the African of the Persians.

LOKAO
Lo*ka"o, n.

Defn: A green vegetable dye imported from China.

LOKE
Loke, n. Etym: [See Lock a fastening.]

Defn: A private path or road; also, the wicket or hatch of a door.
[Prov. Eng.]

LOKORYS
Lok"o*rys, n.

Defn: Liquorice. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOLIGO
Lo*li"go, n. Etym: [L., cuttle fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of cephalopods, including numerous species of squids,
common on the coasts of America and Europe. They are much used for
fish bait.

LOLL
Loll, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Lolling.] Etym:
[Cf. Icel. lolla to act lazily, loll, lolla, laziness, OD. lollen to
sit over the fire, and E. lull. Cf. Lill, Lull.]

1. To act lazily or indolently; to recline; to lean; to throw one's
self down; to lie at ease.
Void of care, he lolls supine in state. Dryden.

2. To hand extended from the mouth, as the tongue of an ox or a log
when heated with labor or exertion.
The triple porter of the Stygian seat, With lolling tongue, lay
fawning at thy feet. Dryden
.

3. To let the tongue hang from the mouth, as an ox, dog, or other
animal, when heated by labor; as, the ox stood lolling in the furrow.

LOLL
Loll, v. t.

Defn: To let hang from the mouth, as the tongue.
Fierce tigers couched around and lolled their fawning tongues.
Dryden.

LOLLARD
Lol"lard, n. Etym: [LL. Lollardi, Lullardi, from Walter Lolhardus, a
German; cf. LG. & D. lollen to mumble, to hum, sing in a murmuring
strain; hence, OD. lollaerd a mumbler, i. e., of prayers or psalms,
which was prob. the origin of the name. See Loll, Lull.] (Eccl.
Hist.)
(a) One of a sect of early reformers in Germany.
(b) One of the followers of Wyclif in England. [Called also Loller.]
By Lollards all know the Wyclifities are meant, so called from Walter
Lollardus, one of their teachers in Germany. Fuller.

LOLLARDISM; LOLLARDY
Lol"lard*ism, Lol"lard*y, n.

Defn: The doctrines or principles of the Lollards.

LOLLER
Loll"er, n. Etym: [See Loll.]

1. One who lolls.

2. An idle vagabond. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

3. A Lollard.

LOLLINGLY
Loll"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lolling manner. Buckle.

LOLLIPOP
Lol"li*pop, n. Etym: [Perhaps fr. Prov. E. loll to soothe + pope a
mixed liquor.]

Defn: A kind of sugar confection which dissolves easily in the mouth.
Thackeray.

LOLLOP
Lol"lop, v. i. Etym: [From Loll.]

Defn: To move heavily; to lounge or idle; to loll. [Law.] Charles
Reade.

LOMA
Lo"ma, n.; pl. Lomata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lobe; a membranous fringe or flap.

LOMATINOUS
Lo*mat"i*nous, a. Etym: [See Loma.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Furnished with lobes or flaps.

LOMBARD
Lom"bard, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Lombardy, or the inhabitants of Lombardy.

LOMBARD
Lom"bard, n. Etym: [F. lombard, fr. the Longobardi or Langobardi, i.
e., Longbeards, a people of Northern Germany, west of the Elbe, and
afterward in Northern Italy. See Long, and Beard, and cf. Lumber.]

1. A native or inhabitant of Lombardy.

2. A money lender or banker; -- so called because the business of
banking was first carried on in London by Lombards.

3. Same as Lombard-house.
A Lombard unto this day signifying a bank for usury or pawns. Fuller.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A form of cannon formerly in use. Prescott. Lombard Street, the
principal street in London for banks and the offices of note brokers;
hence, the money market and interest of London.

LOMBARDEER
Lom`bard*eer", n.

Defn: A pawnbroker. [Obs.] Howell.

LOMBARD-HOUSE; LOMBAR-HOUSE
Lom"bard-house, Lom"bar-house`,Etym: [F. or D. lombard. See Lombard,
n.]

1. A bank or a pawnbroker's shop.

2. A public institution for lending money to the poor at a moderate
interest, upon articles deposited and pledged; -- called also mont de
piété.

LOMBARDIC
Lom*bar"dic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Lombardy of the Lombards. Lombardic
alphabet, the ancient alphabet derived from the Roman, and employed
in the manuscript of Italy.
 -- Lombardic architecture, the debased Roman style of architecture
as found in parts of Northern Italy. F. G. Lee. Lombardy poplar.
(Bot.) See Poplar.

LOMENT
Lo"ment, n. Etym: [L. lomentum a mixture of bean meal and rice, used
as a cosmetic wash, bean meal, fr. lavare, lotum, to wash.] (Bot.)

Defn: An elongated pod, consisting, like the legume, of two valves,
but divided transversely into small cells, each containing a single
seed.

LOMENTACEOUS
Lo`men*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [From Loment.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of the nature of a loment; having fruits like loments.

LOMONITE
Lom"o*nite, n.

Defn: Same as Laumontite.

LOMPISH
Lomp"ish, a.

Defn: Lumpish. [Obs.] Spenser.

LOND
Lond, n.

Defn: Land. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LONDON
Lon"don, n.

Defn: The capital city of England. London paste (Med.), a paste made
of caustic soda and unslacked lime; -- used as a caustic to destroy
tumors and other morbid enlargements.
 -- London pride. (Bot.) (a) A garden name for Saxifraga umbrosa, a
hardy perennial herbaceous plant, a native of high lands in Great
Britain. (b) A name anciently given to the Sweet William. Dr. Prior.
 -- London rocket (Bot.), a cruciferous plant (Sisymbrium Irio) which
sprung up in London abundantly on the ruins of the great fire of
1667.

LONDONER
Lon"don*er (-er), n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of London. Shak.

LONDONISM
Lon"don*ism, n.

Defn: A characteristic of Londoners; a mode of speaking peculiar to
London.

LONDONIZE
Lon"don*ize, v. i.

Defn: To impart to (one) a manner or character like that which
distinguishes Londoners.

LONDONIZE
Lon"don*ize, v. i.

Defn: To imitate the manner of the people of London.

LONDON SMOKE
Lon"don smoke.

Defn: A neutral tint given to spectacles, shade glasses for optical
instruments, etc., which reduces the intensity without materially
changing the color of the transmitted light.

LONDON TUFT
London tuft. (Bot.)

Defn: The Sweet William (Dianthus barbatus).

LONE
Lone, n.

Defn: A lane. See Loanin. [Prov. Eng.]

LONE
Lone, a. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. alone.]

1. Being without a companion; being by one's self; also, sad from
lack of companionship; lonely; as, a lone traveler or watcher.
When I have on those pathless wilds a appeared, And the lone wanderer
with my presence cheered. Shenstone.

2. Single; unmarried, or in widowhood. [Archaic]
Queen Elizabeth being a lone woman. Collection of Records (1642).
A hundred mark is a long one for a poor lone woman to bear. Shak.

3. Being apart from other things of the kind; being by itself; also,
apart from human dwellings and resort; as, a lone house. " A lone
isle." Pope.
By a lone well a lonelier column rears. Byron.

4. Unfrequented by human beings; solitary.
Thus vanish scepters, coronets, and balls, And leave you on lone
woods, or empty walls. Pope.

LONELINESS
Lone"li*ness, n.

1. The condition of being lonely; solitude; seclusion.

2. The state of being unfrequented by human beings; as, the
loneliness of a road.

3. Love of retirement; disposition to solitude.
I see The mystery of your loneliness. Shak.

4. A feeling of depression resulting from being alone.

Syn.
 -- Solitude; seclusion. See Solitude.

LONELY
Lone"ly, a. [Compar. Lonelier; superl. Loneliest.] Etym: [Shortened
fr. alonely.]

1. Sequestered from company or neighbors; solitary; retired; as, a
lonely situation; a lonely cell.

2. Alone, or in want of company; forsaken.
To the misled and lonely traveler. Milton.

3. Not frequented by human beings; as, a lonely wood.

4. Having a feeling of depression or sadness resulting from the
consciousness of being alone; lonesome.
I am very often alone. I don't mean I am lonely. H. James.

Syn.
 -- Solitary; lone; lonesome; retired; unfrequented; sequestered;
secluded.

LONENESS
Lone"ness, n.

Defn: Solitude; seclusion. [Obs.] Donne.

LONESOME
Lone"some, a. [Compar. Lonesomer; superl. Lonesomest.]

1. Secluded from society; not frequented by human beings; solitary.
Like one that on a lonesome road Doth walk in fear and dread.
Coleridge
.

2. Conscious of, and somewhat depressed by, solitude; as, to feel
lonesome.
 -- Lone"some*ly, adv.
 -- Lone"some*ness, n.

LONE-STAR STATE
Lone-Star State.

Defn: Texas; -- a nickname alluding to the single star on its coat of
arms, being the device used on its flag and seal when it was a
republic.

LONG
Long, a. [Compar. Longer; superl. Longest.] Etym: [AS. long, lang;
akin to OS, OFries., D., & G. lang, Icel. langr, Sw. lång, Dan. lang,
Goth. laggs, L.longus. sq. root125. Cf. Length, Ling a fish, Linger,
Lunge, Purloin.]

1. Drawn out in a line, or in the direction of length; protracted;
extended; as, a long line; -- opposed to short, and distinguished
from broad or wide.

2. Drawn out or extended in time; continued through a considerable
tine, or to a great length; as, a long series of events; a long
debate; a long drama; a long history; a long book.

3. Slow in passing; causing weariness by length or duration;
lingering; as, long hours of watching.

4. Occurring or coming after an extended interval; distant in time;
far away.
The we may us reserve both fresh and strong Against the tournament,
which is not long. Spenser.

5. Extended to any specified measure; of a specified length; as, a
span long; a yard long; a mile long, that is, extended to the measure
of a mile, etc.

6. Far-reaching; extensive. " Long views." Burke.

7. (Phonetics)

Defn: Prolonged, or relatively more prolonged, in utterance; -- said
of vowels and syllables. See Short, a., 13, and Guide to
Pronunciation, §§ 22, 30.

Note: Long is used as a prefix in a large number of compound
adjectives which are mostly of obvious meaning; as, long-armed, long-
beaked, long-haired, long-horned, long-necked, long-sleeved, long-
tailed, long- worded, etc. In the long run, in the whole course of
things taken together; in the ultimate result; eventually.
 -- Long clam (Zoöl.), the common clam (Mya arenaria) of the Northern
United States and Canada; -- called also soft-shell clam and long-
neck clam. See Mya.
 -- Long cloth, a kind of cotton cloth of superior quality.
 -- Long clothes, clothes worn by a young infant, extending below the
feet.
 -- Long division. (Math.) See Division.
 -- Long dozen, one more than a dozen; thirteen.
 -- Long home, the grave.
 -- Long measure, Long mater. See under Measure, Meter.
 -- Long Parliament (Eng. Hist.), the Parliament which assembled Nov.
3, 1640, and was dissolved by Cromwell, April 20, 1653.
 -- Long price, the full retail price.
 -- Long purple (Bot.), a plant with purple flowers, supposed to be
the Orchis mascula. Dr. Prior.
 -- Long suit (Whist), a suit of which one holds originally more than
three cards. R. A. Proctor.
 -- Long tom. (a) A pivot gun of great length and range, on the dock
of a vessel. (b) A long trough for washing auriferous earth. [Western
U.S.] (c) (Zoöl.) The long-tailed titmouse.
 -- Long wall (Coal Mining), a working in which the whole seam is
removed and the roof allowed to fall in, as the work progresses,
except where passages are needed.
 -- Of long, a long time. [Obs.] Fairfax.
 -- To be, or go, long of the market, To be on the long side of the
market, etc. (Stock Exchange), to hold stock for a rise in price, or
to have a contract under which one can demand stock on or before a
certain day at a stipulated price; -- opposed to short in such
phrases as, to be short of stock, to sell short, etc. [Cant] See
Short.
 -- To have a long head, to have a farseeing or sagacious mind.

LONG
Long, n.

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A note formerly used in music, one half the length of a large,
twice that of a breve.

2. (Phonetics)

Defn: A long sound, syllable, or vowel.

3. The longest dimension; the greatest extent; -- in the phrase, the
long and the short of it, that is, the sum and substance of it.
Addison.

LONG
Long, adv. Etym: [AS. lance.]

1. To a great extent in apace; as, a long drawn out line.

2. To a great extent in time; during a long time.
They that tarry long at the wine. Prov. xxiii. 30.
When the trumpet soundeth long. Ex. xix. 13.

3. At a point of duration far distant, either prior or posterior; as,
not long before; not long after; long before the foundation of Rome;
long after the Conquest.

4. Through the whole extent or duration.
The bird of dawning singeth all night long. Shak.

5. Through an extent of time, more or less; -- only in question; as,
how long will you be gone

LONG
Long, prep. Etym: [Abbreviated fr. along. See 3d Along.]

Defn: By means of; by the fault of; because of. [Obs.] See Along of,
under 3d Along.

LONG
Long, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Longed; p. pr. & vb. n. Longing.] Etym:
[AS. langian to increase, to lengthen, to stretch out the mind after,
to long, to crave, to belong to, fr. lang long. See Long, a.]

1. To feel a strong or morbid desire or craving; to wish for
something with eagerness; -- followed by an infinitive, or by after
or for.
I long to see you. Rom. i. 11.
I have longed after thy precepts. Ps. cxix. 40.
I have longed for thy salvation. Ps. cxix. 174.
Nicomedes, longing for herrings, was supplied with fresh ones . . .
at a great distance from the sea. Arbuthnot.

2. To belong; -- used with to, unto, or for. [Obs.]
The labor which that longeth unto me. Chaucer.

LONGAN
Lon"gan, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A pulpy fruit related to the litchi, and produced by an
evergreen East Indian tree (Nephelium Longan).

LONGANIMITY
Lon`ga*nim"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. longanimitas; longus long + animus
mind: cf. F. longanimité.]

Defn: Disposition to bear injuries patiently; forbearance; patience.
Jer. Taylor.

LONG-ARMED
Long"-armed`, a.

Defn: Having long arms; as, the long-armed ape or gibbon.

LONGBEAK
Long"beak`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American redbellied snipe (Macrorhamphus scolopaceus); --
called also long-billed dowitcher.

LONGBOAT
Long"boat`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Formerly, the largest boat carried by a merchant vessel,
corresponding to the launch of a naval vessel.

LONGBOW
Long"bow`, n.

Defn: The ordinary bow, not mounted on a stock; -- so called in
distinction from the crossbow when both were used as weapons of war.
Also, sometimes, such a bow of about the height of a man, as
distinguished from a much shorter one. To draw the longbow, to tell
large stories.

LONG-BREATHED
Long"-breathed`, a.

Defn: Having the power of retaining the breath for a long time; long-
winded.

LONG-DRAWN
Long"-drawn`, a.

Defn: Extended to a great length.
The cicadæ hushed their long-drawn, ear-splitting strains. G. W.
Cable.

LONGE
Longe, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. allonge. See Lunge.]

1. A thrust. See Lunge. Smollett.

2. The training ground for a horse. Farrow.

LONGE
Longe, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as 4th Lunge.

LONGER
Long"er, n.

Defn: One who longs for anything.

LONGEVAL
Lon*ge"val, a.

Defn: Long-loved; longevous.[R.] Pope.

LONGEVITY
Lon*gev"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. longaevitas. See Longevous.]

Defn: Long duration of life; length of life.
The instances of longevity are chiefly amongst the abstemious.
Arbuthnot.

LONGEVOUS
Lon*ge"vous, a. Etym: [L. longaevus; longus long + aevum lifetime,
age. See Long, and Age.]

Defn: Living a long time; of great age. Sir T. Browne.

LONGHAND
Long"hand`, n.

Defn: The written characters used in the common method of writing; --
opposed to shorthand.

LONGHEADED
Long"head"ed, a.

Defn: Having unusual foresight or sagacity.
 -- Long"-head`ed*ness, n.

LONGHORN
Long"horn`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A long-horned animal, as a cow, goat, or beetle. See Long-
horned.

LONG-HORNED
Long"-horned`, a. (Zoöl.) [Obs.]

Defn: Having a long horn or horns; as, a long-horned goat, or cow;
having long antennæ, as certain beetles (Longicornia).

LONGICORN
Lon"gi*corn, a. Etym: [L. longus long + cornu horn: cf. F.
longicorne.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Long-horned; pertaining to the Longicornia.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Longicornia.

LONGICORNIA
Lon`gi*cor"ni*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. longus long + cornu horn.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of beetles, including a large number of species, in
which the antennæ are very long. Most of them, while in the larval
state, bore into the wood or beneath the bark of trees, and some
species are very destructive to fruit and shade trees. See Apple
borer, under Apple, and Locust beetle, under Locust.

LONGILATERAL
Lon`gi*lat"er*al, a. Etym: [L. longus long + lateralis lateral, fr.
latus side.]

Defn: Having long sides especially, having the form of a long
parallelogram.
Nineveh . . . was of a longilateral figure, ninety-five furlongs
broad, and a hundred and fifty long. Sir T. Browne.

LONGILOQUENCE
Lon*gil"o*quence, n. Etym: [L. langus long + loquentia a talking.]

Defn: Long-windedness.
American longiloquence in oratory. Fitzed. Hall.

LONGIMANOUS
Lon*gim"a*nous, a. Etym: [L. longus long + manus hand.]

Defn: Having long hands. Sir T. Browne.

LONGIMETRY
Lon*gim"e*try, n. Etym: [L. longus long + -metry: cf. F.
longimétrie.]

Defn: The art or practice of measuring distances or lengths. Cheyne.

LONGING
Long"ing, n.

Defn: An eager desire; a craving; a morbid appetite; an earnest wish;
an aspiration.
Put on my crown; I have immortal longings in me. Shak.

LONGINGLY
Long"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With longing. Dryden.

LONGINQUITY
Lon*gin"qui*ty, n. Etym: [L. longinquitas, fr. longinquus extensive,
remote, fr. longus long.]

Defn: Greatness of distance; remoteness. [R.] Barrow.

LONGIPALP
Lon"gi*palp, n. Etym: [F. longipalpe, fr. L. longus long + F. palpe a
feeler, a palp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of beetles, having long maxillary palpi.

LONGIPENNATE
Lon"gi*pen"nate, a. Etym: [L. longus long + E. pennate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having long wings, or quills.

LONGIPENNES
Lon`gi*pen"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. longus long + penna wing.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of longwinged sea birds, including the gulls, petrels,
etc.

LONGIPENNINE
Lon`gi*pen"nine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Longipennes; longipennate.

LONGIROSTER
Lon`gi*ros"ter, n.; pl. L. Longirostres, E. Longirosters. Etym: [L.
longus long + rostrum beak: cf. F. longirostre.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Longirostres.

LONGIROSTRAL
Lon`gi*ros"tral, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a long bill; of or pertaining to the Longirostres.

LONGIROSTRES
Lon`gi*ros"tres, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. longus long + rostrum
beak.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of birds characterized by having long slender bills, as
the sandpipers, curlews, and ibises. It is now regarded as an
artificial division.

LONGISH
Long"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat long; moderately long.

LONGITUDE
Lon"gi*tude, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. longitudo, fr. longus long.]

1. Length; measure or distance along the longest line; --
distinguished from breadth or thickness; as, the longitude of a room;
rare now, except in a humorous sense. Sir H. Wotton.
The longitude of their cloaks. Sir. W. Scott.
Mine [shadow] spindling into longitude immense. Cowper.

2. (Geog.)

Defn: The arc or portion of the equator intersected between the
meridian of a given place and the meridian of some other place from
which longitude is reckoned, as from Greenwich, England, or sometimes
from the capital of a country, as from Washington or Paris. The
longitude of a place is expressed either in degrees or in time; as,
that of New York is 74º or 4 h. 56 min. west of Greenwich.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: The distance in degrees, reckoned from the vernal equinox, on
the ecliptic, to a circle at right angles to the ecliptic passing
through the heavenly body whose longitude is designated; as, the
longitude of Capella is 79º. Geocentric longitude (Astron.), the
longitude of a heavenly body as seen from the earth.
 -- Heliocentric longitude, the longitude of a heavenly body, as seen
from the sun's center.
 -- Longitude stars, certain stars whose position is known, and the
data in regard to which are used in observations for finding the
longitude, as by lunar distances.

LONGITUDINAL
Lon`gi*tu"di*nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. longitudinal.]

1. Of or pertaining to longitude or length; as, longitudinal
distance.

2. Extending in length; in the direction of the length; running
lengthwise, as distinguished from transverse; as, the longitudinal
diameter of a body. Cheyne.

LONGITUDINAL
Lon`gi*tu"di*nal, n.

Defn: A railway sleeper lying parallel with the rail.

LONGITUDINALLY
Lon`gi*tu"di*nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In the direction of length.

LONGLEGS
Long"legs`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A daddy longlegs.

LONG-LIVED
Long"-lived`, a.

Defn: Having a long life; having constitutional peculiarities which
make long life probable; lasting long; as, a long-lived tree; they
are a longlived family; long-lived prejudices.

LONGLY
Long"ly, adv.

1. With longing desire. [Obs.] Shak.

2. For a long time; hence, wearisomely.

LONGMYND ROCKS
Long"mynd rocks". (Geol.)

Defn: The sparingly fossiliferous conglomerates, grits, schists, and
states of Great Britain, which lie at the base of the Cambrian
system; -- so called, because typically developed in the Longmynd
Hills, Shropshire.

LONGNESS
Long"ness, n.

Defn: Length.

LONGNOSE
Long"nose`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European garfish.

LONG PRIMER
Long" prim"er. (Print.)

Defn: A kind of type, in size between small pica and bourgeois.

Note: long primer.

LONGSHANKS
Long"shanks`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The stilt.

LONGSHORE
Long"shore`, a. Etym: [Abbrev. from alongshore.]

Defn: Belonging to the seashore or a seaport; along and on the shore.
"Longshore thieves." R. Browning.

LONGSHOREMAN
Long"shore`man, n.; pl. Longshoremen. Etym: [Abbrev. fr.
alongshoreman.]

Defn: One of a class of laborers employed about the wharves of a
seaport, especially in loading and unloading vessels.

LONG-SIGHT
Long"-sight, n.

Defn: Long-sightedness Good.

LONG-SIGHTED
Long"-sight`ed, a.

1. Able to see objects at a great distance; hence, having great
foresight; sagacious; farseeing.

2. Able to see objects distinctly at a distance, but not close at
hand; hypermetropic.

LONG-SIGHTEDNESS
Long"-sight`ed*ness, n.

1. The state or condition of being long-sighted; hence, sagacity;
shrewdness.

2. (Med.)

Defn: See Hypermetropia.

LONGSOME
Long"some a. Etym: [AS. langsum.]

Defn: Extended in length; tiresome. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Prior.
 -- Long"some*ness, n. [Obs.] Fuller.

LONGSPUN
Long"spun`, a.

Defn: Spun out, or extended, to great length; hence, long-winded;
tedious.
The longspun allegories fulsome grow, While the dull moral lies too
plain below. Addison.

LONGSPUR
Long"spur`, n. Etym: [So called from the length of the hind claw.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of fringilline birds of the genus
Calcarius (or Plectrophanes), and allied genera. The Lapland longspur
(C. Lapponicus), the chestnut-colored longspur (C. ornatus), and
other species, inhabit the United States.

LONG-STOP
Long"-stop`, n. (Cricket)

Defn: One who is set to stop balls which pass the wicket keeper.

LONG-SUFFERANCE
Long"-suf`fer*ance, n.

Defn: Forbearance to punish or resent.

LONG-SUFFERING
Long"-suf`fer*ing, n.

Defn: Bearing injuries or provocation for a long time; patient; not
easily provoked.
The Lord God, merciful and gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in
goodness and truth. Ex. xxxiv. 6.

LONG-SUFFERING
Long"-suf`fer*ing, n.

Defn: Long patience of offense.
Despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and long-
suffering Rom. ii. 4.

LONGTAIL
Long"tail`, n.

Defn: An animal, particularly a log, having an uncut tail. Cf.
Curtail. Dog.

Note: A longtail was a gentleman's dog, or the dog of one qualified
to bunt, other dogs being required to have their tails cut. Cut and
longtail, all, gentlefolks and others, as they might come. Shak.

LONG-TONGUE
Long"-tongue`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wryneck.

LONG-TONGUED
Long"-tongued`, a.

1. Having a long tongue.

2. Talkative; babbling; loquacious. Shak.

LONGULITE
Lon"gu*lite, n. Etym: [L. longus long + -lie.] (Min.)

Defn: A kind of crystallite having a (slender) acicular form.

LONG-WAISTED
Long"-waist`ed, a.

1. Having a long waist; long from the armpits to the armpits to the
bottom of the waist; -- said of persons.

2. Long from the part about the neck or shoulder, or from the
armpits, to the bottom of the weist, or to the skirt; -- said of
garments; as, a long-waisted coat.

LONGWAYS
Long"ways`, adv.

Defn: Lengthwise. Addison.

LONG-WINDED
Long"-wind"ed, a.

Defn: Long-breathed; hence, tediously long in speaking; consuming
much time; as, a long-winded talker.
 -- Long"-wind"ed*ness, n.
A tedious, long-winded harangue. South.

LONGWISE
Long"wise`, adv.

Defn: Lengthwise.

LOO
Loo, n. Etym: [For older lanterloo, F. lanturelu, lanturlu, name of
the game; orig., the refrain of a vaudeville.]
(a) An old game played with five, or three, cards dealt to each
player from a full pack. When five cards are used the highest card is
the knave of clubs or (if so agreed upon) the knave of trumps; --
formerly called lanterloo.
(b) A modification of the game of "all fours" in which the players
replenish their hands after each round by drawing each a card from
the pack.

Loo table, a round table adapted for a circle of persons playing loo.

LOO
Loo, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Looed; p. pr. & vb. n. Looing.]

Defn: To beat in the game of loo by winning every trick. [Written
also lu.] Goldsmith.

LOOB
Loob, n. Etym: [Corn., slime, sludge.] (Mining)

Defn: The clay or slimes washed from tin ore in dressing.

LOOBILY
Loo"bi*ly, a. Etym: [From Looby.]

Defn: Loobylike; awkward. Fuller.

LOOBILY
Loo"bi*ly, adv.

Defn: Awkwardly. L'Estrange.

LOOBY
Loo"by, n.; pl. Loobies. Etym: [Cf. Lob.]

Defn: An awkward, clumsy fellow; a lubber. Swift.

LOOCH
Looch, n.

Defn: See 2d Loch.

LOOF
Loof, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The spongelike fibers of the fruit of a cucurbitaceous plant
(Luffa Ægyptiaca); called also vegetable sponge.

LOOF
Loof, n. Etym: [See Luff.] [Also written luff.] (Naut.)
(a) Formerly, some appurtenance of a vessel which was used in
changing her course; -- probably a large paddle put over the lee bow
to help bring her head nearer to the wind.
(b) The part of a ship's side where the planking begins to curve
toward bow and stern.

LOOF
Loof, v. i. (Naut.)

Defn: See Luff.

LOOK
Look, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Looked; p. pr. & vb. n. Looking.] Etym:
[OE. loken, AS. locian; akin to G. lugen, OHG. luogen.]

1. To direct the eyes for the purpose of seeing something; to direct
the eyes toward an object; to observe with the eyes while keeping
them directed; -- with various prepositions, often in a special or
figurative sense. See Phrases below.

2. To direct the attention (to something); to consider; to examine;
as, to look at an action.

3. To seem; to appear; to have a particular appearance; as, the
patient looks better; the clouds look rainy.
It would look more like vanity than gratitude. Addison.
Observe how such a practice looks in another person. I. Watts.

4. To have a particular direction or situation; to face; to front.
The inner gate that looketh to north. Ezek. viii. 3.
The east gate . . . which looketh eastward. Ezek. xi. 1.

5. In the imperative: see; behold; take notice; take care; observe; -
- used to call attention.
Look, how much we thus expel of sin, so much we expel of virtue.
Milton.

Note: Look, in the imperative, may be followed by a dependent
sentence, but see is oftener so used.
Look that ye bind them fast. Shak.
Look if it be my daughter. Talfourd.

6. To show one's self in looking, as by leaning out of a window; as,
look out of the window while I speak to you. Sometimes used
figuratively.
My toes look through the overleather. Shak.

7. To await the appearance of anything; to expect; to anticipate.
Looking each hour into death's mouth to fall. Spenser.
To look about, to look on all sides, or in different directions.
 -- To look about one, to be on the watch; to be vigilant; to be
circumspect or guarded.
 -- To look after. (a) To attend to; to take care of; as, to look
after children. (b) To expect; to be in a state of expectation.
Men's hearts failing them for fear, and for looking after those
things which are coming on the earth. Luke xxi. 26.
(c) To seek; to search.
My subject does not oblige me to look after the water, or point forth
the place where to it is now retreated. Woodward.
-- To look at, to direct the eyes toward so that one sees, or as if
to see; as, to look at a star; hence, to observe, examine, consider;
as, to look at a matter without prejudice.
 -- To look black, to frown; to scowl; to have a threatening
appearance.
The bishops thereat repined, and looked black. Holinshed.
-- To look down on or upon, to treat with indifference or contempt;
to regard as an inferior; to despise.
 -- To look for. (a) To expect; as, to look for news by the arrival
of a ship. "Look now for no enchanting voice." Milton. (b) To seek
for; to search for; as, to look for lost money, or lost cattle.
 -- To look forth. (a) To look out of something, as from a window.
(b) To threaten to come out. Jer. vi. 1. (Rev. Ver.).
 -- To look into, to inspect closely; to observe narrowly; to
examine; as, to look into the works of nature; to look into one's
conduct or affairs.
 -- To look on. (a) To regard; to esteem.
Her friends would look on her the worse. Prior.
(b) To consider; to view; to conceive of; to think of.
I looked on Virgil as a succinct, majestic writer. Dryden.
(c) To be a mere spectator.
I'll be a candleholder, and look on. Shak.
-- To look out, to be on the watch; to be careful; as, the seaman
looks out for breakers.
 -- To look through. (a) To see through. (b) To search; to examine
with the eyes.
 -- To look to or unto. (a) To watch; to take care of. "Look well to
thy herds." Prov. xxvii. 23. (b) To resort to with expectation of
receiving something; to expect to receive from; as, the creditor may
look to surety for payment. "Look unto me, and be ye saved." Is. xlv.
22.
 -- To look up, to search for or find out by looking; as, to look up
the items of an account.
 -- To look up to, to respect; to regard with deference.

LOOK
Look, v. t.

1. To look at; to turn the eyes toward.

2. To seek; to search for. [Obs.]
Looking my love, I go from place to place. Spenser.

3. To expect. [Obs.] Shak.

4. To influence, overawe, or subdue by looks or presence as, to look
down opposition.
A spirit fit to start into an empire, And look the world to law.
Dryden.

5. To express or manifest by a look.
Soft eyes looked love to eyes which spake again. Byron.
To look daggers. See under Dagger.
 -- To look in the face, to face or meet with boldness or confidence;
hence, sometimes, to meet for combat.
 -- To look out, to seek for; as, prudent persons look out associates
good reputation.

LOOK
Look, n.

1. The act of looking; a glance; a sight; a view; -- often in certain
phrases; as, to have, get, take, throw, or cast, a look.
Threw many a northward look to see his father Bring up his powers;
but he did long in vain. Shak.

2. Expression of the eyes and face; manner; as, a proud or defiant
look. "Gentle looks." Shak.
Up ! up! my friends, and clear your looks. Wordsworth.

3. Hence; Appearance; aspect; as, the house has a gloomy look; the
affair has a bad look.
Pain, disgrace, and poverty have frighted looks. Locke.
There was something that reminded me of Dante's Hell in the look of
this. Carlyle.

LOOKDOWN
Look"down`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Moonfish (b).

LOOKER
Look"er, n.

Defn: One who looks. Looker-on, a spectator; one that looks on, but
has no agency or part in an affair.
Did not this fatal war affront thy coast, Yet sattest thou an idle
looker-on Fairfax.

LOOKING
Look"ing, a.

Defn: Having a certain look or appearance; -- often compounded with
adjectives; as, good-looking, grand-looking, etc.

LOOKING
Look"ing, n.

1. The act of one who looks; a glance.

2. The manner in which one looks; appearance; countenance; face.
[Obs.]
All dreary was his cheer and his looking. Chaucer.
Looking for, anticipation; expectation. "A certain fearful looking
for of judgment." Heb. x. 27.

LOOKING-GLASS
Look"ing-glass`, n.

Defn: A mirror made of glass on which has been placed a backing of
some reflecting substance, as quicksilver.
There is none so homely but loves a looking-glass. South.

LOOKOUT
Look"out`, n.

1. A careful looking or watching for any object or event.

2. The place from which such observation is made.

3. A person engaged in watching.

4. Object or duty of forethought and care; responsibility. [Colloq.]

LOOL
Lool, n. (Metal.)

Defn: A vessel used to receive the washings of ores of metals.

LOOM
Loom, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Loon, the bird.

LOOM
Loom, n. Etym: [OE. lome, AS. gel utensil, implement.]

1. A frame or machine of wood or other material, in which a weaver
forms cloth out of thread; a machine for interweaving yarn or threads
into a fabric, as in knitting or lace making.
Hector, when he sees Andromache overwhelmed with terror, sends her
for consolation to the loom and the distaff. Rambler.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: That part of an oar which is near the grip or handle and
inboard from the rowlock. Totten.

LOOM
Loom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Loomed; p. pr. & vb. n. Looming.] Etym:
[OE. lumen to shine, Icel. ljoma; akin to AS. leóma light, and E.
light; or cf. OF. lumer to shine, L. luminare to illumine, lumen
light; akin to E. light. Light not dark.]

1. To appear above the surface either of sea or land, or to appear
enlarged, or distorted and indistinct, as a distant object, a ship at
sea, or a mountain, esp. from atmospheric influences; as, the ship
looms large; the land looms high.
Awful she looms, the terror of the main. H. J. Pye.

2. To rise and to be eminent; to be elevated or ennobled, in a moral
sense.
On no occasion does he [Paul] loom so high, and shine so gloriously,
as in the context. J. M. Mason.

LOOM
Loom, n.

Defn: The state of looming; esp., an unnatural and indistinct
appearance of elevation or enlargement of anything, as of land or of
a ship, seen by one at sea.

LOOM-GALE
Loom"-gale`, n.

Defn: A gentle gale of wind.

LOOMING
Loom"ing, n.

Defn: The indistinct and magnified appearance of objects seen in
particular states of the atmosphere. See Mirage.

LOON
Loon, n. Etym: [Scot. loun, lown, loon; akin to OD. loen a stupid
man; prob. for an older lown, and akin to E. lame.]

Defn: A sorry fellow; a worthless person; a rogue.

LOON
Loon, n. Etym: [For older loom, Icel. l; akin to Dan. & Sw. lom.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several aquatic, wed-footed, northern birds of the
genus Urinator (formerly Colymbus), noted for their expertness in
diving and swimming under water. The common loon, or great northern
diver (Urinator imber, or Colymbus torquatus), and the red-throated
loon or diver (U. septentrionalis), are the best known species. See
Diver.

LOONY
Loon"y, a.

Defn: See Luny.

LOOP
Loop, n. Etym: [G. luppe an iron lump. Cf. Looping.] (Iron Works)

Defn: A mass of iron in a pasty condition gathered into a ball for
the tilt hammer or rolls. [Written also loup.]

LOOP
Loop, n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. & Gael. lub loop, noose, fold, thong, bend,
lub to bend, incline.]

1. A fold or doubling of a thread, cord, rope, etc., through which
another thread, cord, etc., can be passed, or which a hook can be
hooked into; an eye, as of metal; a staple; a noose; a bight.
That the probation bear no hinge, nor loop To hang a doubt on. Shak.

2. A small, narrow opening; a loophole.
And stop all sight-holes, every loop from whence The eye of Reason
may pry in upon us. Shak.

3. A curve of any kind in the form of a loop.

4. (Telegraphy)

Defn: A wire forming part of a main circuit and returning to the
point from which it starts.

5. (Acoustics)

Defn: The portion of a vibrating string, air column, etc., between
two nodes; -- called also ventral segment. Loop knot, a single knot
tied in a doubled cord, etc. so as to leave a loop beyond the knot.
See Illust. of Knot.

LOOP
Loop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Looped; p. pr. & vb. n. Looping.]

Defn: To make a loop of or in; to fasten with a loop or loops; --
often with up; as, to loop a string; to loop up a curtain.

LOOPED
Looped, a.

1. Bent, folded, or tied, so as to make a loop; as, a looped wire or
string.

2. Full of holes. [Obs.] Shak.

LOOPER
Loop"er, n.

1. An instrument, as a bodkin, for forming a loop in yarn, a cord,
etc.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of any species of geometrid moths. See Geometrid.

LOOPHOLE
Loop"hole`, n.

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A small opening, as in the walls of fortification, or in the
bulkhead of a ship, through which small arms or other weapons may be
discharged at an enemy.

2. A hole or aperture that gives a passage, or the means of escape or
evasion.

LOOPHOLED
Loop"holed`, a.

Defn: Provided with loopholes.

LOOPIE
Loop"ie, a.

Defn: Deceitful; cunning; sly. [Scot.]

LOOPING
Loop"ing, n. Etym: [Cf. D. loopen to run. Cf. Loop a mass of iron,
Leap.] (Metal.)

Defn: The running together of the matter of an ore into a mass, when
the ore is only heated for calcination.

LOOPING
Loop"ing, p. pr. & vb. n.

Defn: of Loop. Looping snail (Zoöl.), any species of land snail of
the genus Truncatella; -- so called because it creeps like the
measuring worms.

LOOPLIGHT
Loop"light`, n.

Defn: A small narrow opening or window in a tower or fortified wall;
a loophole.

LOORD
Loord, n. Etym: [F. lourd heavy, dull.]

Defn: A dull, stupid fellow; a drone. [Obs.] Spenser.

LOOS
Loos, n. Etym: [OE. los, fr. OF. los, laus.]

Defn: Praise; fame; reputation. [Obs.] Spenser.
Good conscience and good loos. Chaucer.

LOOSE
Loose, a. [Compar. Looser; superl. Loosest.] Etym: [OE. loos, lous,
laus, Icel. lauss; akin to OD. loos, D. los, AS. leás false,
deceitful, G. los, loose, Dan. & Sw. lös, Goth. laus, and E. lose.
Lose, and cf. Leasing falsehood.]

1. Unbound; untied; unsewed; not attached, fastened, fixed, or
confined; as, the loose sheets of a book.
Her hair, nor loose, nor tied in formal plat. Shak.

2. Free from constraint or obligation; not bound by duty, habit, etc.
; -- with from or of.
Now I stand Loose of my vow; but who knows Cato's thoughts Addison.

3. Not tight or close; as, a loose garment.

4. Not dense, close, compact, or crowded; as, a cloth of loose
texture.
With horse and chariots ranked in loose array. Milton.

5. Not precise or exact; vague; indeterminate; as, a loose style, or
way of reasoning.
The comparison employed . . . must be considered rather as a loose
analogy than as an exact scientific explanation. Whewel.

6. Not strict in matters of morality; not rigid according to some
standard of right.
The loose morality which he had learned. Sir W. Scott.

7. Unconnected; rambling.
Vario spends whole mornings in running over loose and unconnected
pages. I. Watts.

8. Lax; not costive; having lax bowels. Locke.

9. Dissolute; unchaste; as, a loose man or woman.
Loose ladies in delight. Spenser.

10. Containing or consisting of obscene or unchaste language; as, a
loose epistle. Dryden. At loose ends, not in order; in confusion;
carelessly managed.
 -- Fast and loose. See under Fast.
 -- To break loose. See under Break.
 -- Loose pulley. (Mach.) See Fast and loose pulleys, under Fast.
 -- To let loose, to free from restraint or confinement; to set at
liberty.

LOOSE
Loose, n.

1. Freedom from restraint. [Obs.] Prior.

2. A letting go; discharge. B. Jonson. To give a loose, to give
freedom.
Vent all its griefs, and give a loose to sorrow. Addison.

LOOSE
Loose, v. n. [imp. & p. p. Loosed; p. pr. & vb. n. Loosing.] Etym:
[From Loose, a.]

1. To untie or unbind; to free from any fastening; to remove the
shackles or fastenings of; to set free; to relieve.
Canst thou . . . loose the bands of Orion Job. xxxviii. 31.
Ye shall find an ass tied, and a colt with her; loose them, and bring
them unto me. Matt. xxi. 2.

2. To release from anything obligatory or burdensome; to disengage;
hence, to absolve; to remit.
Art thou loosed from a wife seek not a wife. 1 Cor. vii. 27.
Whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven. Matt.
xvi. 19.

3. To relax; to loosen; to make less strict.
The joints of his loins were loosed. Dan. v. 6.

4. To solve; to interpret. [Obs.] Spenser.

LOOSE
Loose, v. i.

Defn: To set sail. [Obs.] Acts xiii. 13.

LOOSELY
Loose"ly, adv.

Defn: In a loose manner.

LOOSEN
Loos"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Loosened; p. pr. & vb. n. Loosening.]
Etym: [See Loose, v. t.]

1. To make loose; to free from tightness, tension, firmness, or
fixedness; to make less dense or compact; as, to loosen a string, or
a knot; to loosen a rock in the earth.
After a year's rooting, then shaking doth the tree good by loosening
of the earth. Bacon.

2. To free from restraint; to set at liberty..
It loosens his hands, and assists his understanding. Dryden.

3. To remove costiveness from; to facilitate or increase the alvine
discharges of. Bacon.

LOOSEN
Loos"en, v. i.

Defn: To become loose; to become less tight, firm, or compact. S.
Sharp.

LOOSENER
Loos"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, loosens.

LOOSENESS
Loose"ness, n.

Defn: The state, condition, or quality, of being loose; as, the
looseness of a cord; looseness of style; looseness of morals or of
principles.

LOOSESTRIFE
Loose"strife`, n. (Bot.)
(a) The name of several species of plants of the genus Lysimachia,
having small star-shaped flowers, usually of a yellow color.
(b) Any species of the genus Lythrum, having purple, or, in some
species, crimson flowers. Gray.

False loosestrife, a plant of the genus Ludwigia, which includes
several species, most of which are found in the United States.
 -- Tufted loosestrife, the plant Lysimachia thyrsiflora, found in
the northern parts of the United States and in Europe. Gray.

LOOSISH
Loos"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat loose.

LOOT
Loot, n. Etym: [Hind. l, Skr. l, l, booty, lup to break, spoil; prob.
akin to E. rob.]

1. The act of plundering.

2. Plunder; booty; especially, the boot taken in a conquered or
sacked city.

LOOT
Loot, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Looted; p. pr. & vb. n. Looting.]

Defn: To plunder; to carry off as plunder or a prize lawfully
obtained by war.
Looting parties . . . ransacking the houses. L.O

LOOTER
Loot"er, n.

Defn: A plunderer.

LOOVER
Loo"ver, n.

Defn: See Louver.

LOP
Lop, n. Etym: [AS. loppe.]

Defn: A flea.[Obs.] Cleveland.

LOP
Lop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lopped; p. pr. & vb. n. Lopping.] Etym:
[Prov. G. luppen, lubben,to cut, geld, or OD. luppen, D. lubben.]

1. To cut off as the top or extreme part of anything; to shoas, to
lop a tree or its branches. "With branches lopped, in wood or
mountain felled." Milton.
Expunge the whole, or lop the excrescent parts. Pope.

2. To cut partly off and bend down; as, to lop bushes in a hedge.

LOP
Lop, n.

Defn: That which is lopped from anything, as branches from a tree.
Shak. Mortimer.

LOP
Lop, v. i.

Defn: To hang downward; to be pendent; to lean to one side.

LOP
Lop, v. t.

Defn: To let hang down; as, to lop the head.

LOP
Lop, a.

Defn: Hanging down; as, lop ears; -- used also in compound
adjectives; as, lopeared; lopsided.

LOPE
Lope, imp.

Defn: of Leap. [Obs.]
And, laughing, lope into a tree. Spenser.

LOPE
Lope, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Loped; p. pr. & vb. n. Loping.] Etym: [See
Leap.]

1. To leap; to dance. [Prov. Eng.] "He that lopes on the ropes."
Middleton.

2. To move with a lope, as a horse. [U.S.]

LOPE
Lope, n.

1. A leap; a long step. [Prov. Eng.]

2. An easy gait, consisting of long running strides or leaps. [U.S.]
The mustang goes rollicking ahead, with the eternal lope, . . . a
mixture of two or three gaits, as easy as the motions of a crade. T.
B. Thorpe.

LOPEARED
Lop"eared`, a.

Defn: Having ears which lop or hang down.

LOPEMAN
Lope"man, n.

Defn: Leaper; ropedancer. [Obs.]

LOPER
Lop"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, lopes; esp., a horse that lopes. [U.S.]

2. (Rope Making)

Defn: A swivel at one end of a ropewalk, used in laying the strands.

LOPHINE
Loph"ine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous organic base obtained by the oxidation of
amarine, and regarded as a derivative of benzoic aldehyde. It is
obtained in long white crystalline tufts, -- whence its name.

LOPHIOMYS
Lo*phi"o*mys, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. lofia` a mane, bristly ridge +
my^s a mouse.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very singular rodent (Lophiomys Imhausi) of Northeastern
Africa. It is the only known representative of a special family
(Lophiomyidæ), remarkable for the structure of the skull. It has
handlike feet, and the hair is peculiar in structure and arrangement.

LOPHOBRANCH
Loph"o*branch, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Lophobranchii.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Lophobranchii.

LOPHOBRANCHIATE
Loph`o*bran"chi*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Lophobranchii.

LOPHOBRANCHII
Loph`o*bran"chi*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of teleostean fishes, having the gills arranged in
tufts on the branchial arches, as the Hippocampus and pipefishes.

LOPHOPHORE
Loph"o*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A disk which surrounds the mouth and bears the tentacles of the
Bryozoa. See Phylactolemata.

LOPHOPODA
Lo*phop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Phylactolemata.

LOPHOSTEON
Lo*phos"te*on, n. ; pl. L. Lophostea, E. Lophosteons. Etym: [NL.,
from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The central keel-bearing part of the sternum in birds.

LOPPARD
Lop"pard, n. Etym: [Lop + -ard.]

Defn: A tree, the top of which has been lopped off. [Eng.]

LOPPER
Lop"per, n.

Defn: One who lops or cuts off.

LOPPER
Lop"per, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Loppered; p. pr. & vb. n. Loppering.]
Etym: [Cf. Prov. G. lübbern, levern, OHG. giliber, G. luppe, lab,
rennet.]

Defn: To turn sour and coagulate from too long standing, as milk.

LOPPING
Lop"ping, n.

Defn: A cutting off, as of branches; that which is cut off; leavings.
The loppings made from that stock whilst it stood. Burke.

LOPPY
Lop"py, a.

Defn: Somewhat lop; inclined to lop.

LOPSEED
Lop"seed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial herb (Phryma Leptostachya), having slender seedlike
fruits.

LOPSIDED
Lop"sid`ed, a. Etym: [Lop + side. Cf. Lobsided.]

1. Leaning to one side because of some defect of structure; as, a
lopsided ship. Marryat.

2. Unbalanced; poorly proportioned; full of idiosyncrasies. J. S.
Mill.

LOQUACIOUS
Lo*qua"cious, a. Etym: [L. loquax, -acis, talkative, fr. loqui to
speak; cf. Gr.

1. Given to continual talking; talkative; garrulous.
Loquacious, brawling, ever in the wrong. Dryden.

2. Speaking; expressive. [R.] J. Philips.

3. Apt to blab and disclose secrets.

Syn.
 -- Garrulous; talkative. See Garrulous.

LOQUACIOUSLY
Lo*qua"cious*ly, adv.

Defn: In a loquacious manner.

LOQUACIOUSNESS
Lo*qua"cious*ness, n.

Defn: Loquacity.

LOQUACITY
Lo*quac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. loquacitas: cf. F. loquacité.]

Defn: The habit or practice of talking continually or excessively;
inclination to talk too much; talkativeness; garrulity.
Too great loquacity and too great taciturnity by fits. Arbuthnot.

LOQUAT
Lo"quat, n. Etym: [Chinese name.] (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of the Japanese medlar (Photinia Japonica). It is as
large as a small plum, but grows in clusters, and contains four or
five large seeds. Also, the tree itself.

LORAL
Lo"ral, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lores.

LORATE
Lo"rate, a. Etym: [L. loratus, fr. lorum thong.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of a thong or strap; ligulate.

LORCHA
Lor"cha, n. Etym: [Pg.] (Naut.)

Defn: A kind of light vessel used on the coast of China, having the
hull built on a European model, and the rigging like that of a
Chinese junk. Admiral Foote.

LORD
Lord, n. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

Defn: A hump-backed person; -- so called sportively. [Eng.]
Richardson (Dict.).

LORD
Lord, n. Etym: [OE. lord, laverd, loverd, AS. hlaford, for hlafweard,
i. e., bread keeper; hlaf bread, loaf + weardian to look after, to
take care of, to ward. See Loaf, and Ward to guard, and cf. Laird,
Lady.]

1. One who has power and authority; a master; a ruler; a governor; a
prince; a proprietor, as of a manor.
But now I was the lord Of this fair mansion. Shak.
Man over men He made not lord. Milton.

2. A titled nobleman., whether a peer of the realm or not; a bishop,
as a member of the House of Lords; by courtesy; the son of a duke or
marquis, or the eldest son of an earl; in a restricted sense, a
boron, as opposed to noblemen of higher rank. [Eng.]

3. A title bestowed on the persons above named; and also, for honor,
on certain official persons; as, lord advocate, lord chamberlain,
lord chancellor, lord chief justice, etc. [Eng.]

4. A husband. "My lord being old also." Gen. xviii. 12.
Thou worthy lord Of that unworthy wife that greeteth thee. Shak.

5. (Feudal Law)

Defn: One of whom a fee or estate is held; the male owner of feudal
land; as, the lord of the soil; the lord of the manor.

6. The Supreme Being; Jehovah.

Note: When Lord, in the Old Testament, is printed in small capitals,
it is usually equivalent to Jehovah, and might, with more propriety,
be so rendered.

7. The Savior; Jesus Christ. House of Lords, one of the constituent
parts of the British Parliament, consisting of the lords spiritual
and temporal.
 -- Lord high chancellor, Lord high constable, etc. See Chancellor,
Constable, etc.
 -- Lord justice clerk, the second in rank of the two highest judges
of the Supreme Court of Scotland.
 -- Lord justice general, or Lord president, the highest in rank of
the judges of the Supreme Court of Scotland.
 -- Lord keeper, an ancient officer of the English crown, who had the
custody of the king's great seal, with authority to affix it to
public documents. The office is now merged in that of the chancellor.
 -- Lord lieutenant, a representative of British royalty: the lord
lieutenant of Ireland being the representative of royalty there, and
exercising supreme administrative authority; the lord lieutenant of a
county being a deputy to manage its military concerns, and also to
nominate to the chancellor the justices of the peace for that county.
 -- Lord of misrule, the master of the revels at Christmas in a
nobleman's or other great house. Eng. Cyc.
 -- Lords spiritual, the archbishops and bishops who have seats in
the House of Lords.
 -- Lords temporal, the peers of England; also, sixteen
representative peers of Scotland, and twenty-eight representatives of
the Irish peerage.
 -- Our lord, Jesus Christ; the Savior.
 -- The Lord's Day, Sunday; the Christian Sabbath, on which the Lord
Jesus rose from the dead.
 -- The Lord's Prayer, the prayer which Jesus taught his disciples.
Matt. vi. 9-13.
 -- The Lord's Supper. (a) The paschal supper partaken of by Jesus
the night before his crucifixion. (b) The sacrament of the eucharist;
the holy communion.
 -- The Lord's Table. (a) The altar or table from which the sacrament
is dispensed. (b) The sacrament itself.

LORD
Lord, v. t.

1. To invest with the dignity, power, and privileges of a lord. [R.]
Shak.

2. To rule or preside over as a lord. [R.]

LORD
Lord, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lorded; p. pr. & vb. n. Lording.]

Defn: To play the lord; to domineer; to rule with arbitrary or
despotic sway; -- sometimes with over; and sometimes with it in the
manner of a transitive verb.
The whiles she lordeth in licentious bliss. Spenser.
I see them lording it in London streets. Shak.
And lorded over them whom now they serve. Milton.

LORDING
Lord"ing, n. Etym: [Lord + -ing, 3.]

1. The son of a lord; a person of noble lineage. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. A little lord; a lordling; a lord, in contempt or ridicule. [Obs.]
Swift.

Note: In the plural, a common ancient mode of address equivalent to
"Sirs" or "My masters."
Therefore, lordings all, I you beseech. Chaucer.

LORDKIN
Lord"kin, n.

Defn: A little lord. Thackeray.

LORDLIKE
Lord"like`, a. Etym: [2d lord + like. Cf. Lordly.]

1. Befitting or like a lord; lordly.

2. Haughty; proud; insolent; arrogant.

LORDLINESS
Lord"li*ness, n. Etym: [From Lordly.]

Defn: The state or quality of being lordly. Shak.

LORDLING
Lord"ling, n. Etym: [Lord + -ling.]

Defn: A little or insignificant lord. Goldsmith.

LORDLY
Lord"ly, a. [Compar. Lordlier; superl. Lordliest.] Etym: [Lord + -ly.
Cf. Lordlike.]

1. Suitable for a lord; of or pertaining to a lord; resembling a
lord; hence, grand; noble; dignified; honorable.
She brought forth butter in a lordly dish. Judges v. 25.
Lordly sins require lordly estates to support them. South.
The maidens gathered strength and grace And presence, lordlier than
before. Tennyson.

2. Proud; haughty; imperious; insolent.
Lords are lordliest in their wine. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Imperious; haughty; overbearing; tyrannical; despotic;
domineering; arrogant. See Imperious.

LORDLY
Lord"ly, adv.

Defn: In a lordly manner.

LORDOLATRY
Lord*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Lord + -olatry, as in idolatry.]

Defn: Worship of, or reverence for, a lord as such. [Jocose]
But how should it be otherwise in a country where lordolatry is part
of our creed Thackeray.

LORDOSIS
Lor*do"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
(a) A curvature of the spine forwards, usually in the lumbar region.
(b) Any abnormal curvature of the bones.

LORDS AND LADIES
Lords" and La"dies. (Bot.)

Defn: The European wake-robin (Arum maculatum), -- those with
purplish spadix the lords, and those with pale spadix the ladies. Dr.
Prior.

LORDSHIP
Lord"ship, n.

1. The state or condition of being a lord; hence (with his or your),
a title applied to a lord (except an archbishop or duke, who is
called Grace) or a judge (in Great Britain), etc.

2. Seigniory; domain; the territory over which a lord holds
jurisdiction; a manor.
What lands and lordships for their owner know My quondam barber.
Dryden.

3. Dominion; power; authority.
They which are accounted to rule over the Gentiles exercise lordship
over them. Mark x. 42.

LORE
Lore, n. Etym: [F. lore, L. lorum thong.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The space between the eye and bill, in birds, and the
corresponding region in reptiles and fishes.
(b) The anterior portion of the cheeks of insects.

LORE
Lore, obs. imp. & p. p. of Lose. Etym: [See Lose.]

Defn: Lost.
Neither of them she found where she them lore. Spenser.

LORE
Lore, n. Etym: [OE. lore, lare, AS. lar, fr. l to teach; akin to D.
leer teaching, doctrine, G. lehre, Dan. lære, Sw. lära. See Learn,
and cf. Lere, v. t.]

1. That which is or may be learned or known; the knowledge gained
from tradition, books, or experience; often, the whole body of
knowledge possessed by a people or class of people, or pertaining to
a particular subject; as, the lore of the Egyptians; priestly lore;
legal lore; folklore. "The lore of war." Fairfax.
His fair offspring, nursed in princely lore. Milton.

2. That which is taught; hence, instruction; wisdom; advice; counsel.
Chaucer.
If please ye, listen to my lore. Spenser.

3. Workmanship. [Obs.] Spenser.

LOREAL; LORAL
Lor"e*al, Lor"al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lore; -- said of certain feathers of
birds, scales of reptiles, etc.

LOREL
Lor"el, n. [Losel.]

Defn: A good for nothing fellow; a vagabond. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOREN
Lor"en, obs. strong p. p.

Defn: of Lose. Chaucer.

LORESMAN
Lores"man, n. Etym: [Lorelearning + man.]

Defn: An instructor. [Obs.] Gower.

LORETO NUNS; LORETTO NUNS
Lo*ret"o, or Lo*ret"to, nuns. [From Loreto, a city in Italy famous
for its Holy House, said to be that in which Jesus lived, brought by
angels from Nazareth.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Members of a congregation of nuns founded by Mrs. Mary Teresa
Ball, near Dublin, Ireland, in 1822, and now spread over Ireland,
India, Canada, and the United States. The nuns are called also Ladies
of Loreto. They are engaged in teaching girls.

LORETTE
Lo`rette", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: In France, a name for a woman who is supported by her lovers,
and devotes herself to idleness, show, and pleasure; -- so called
from the church of Notre Dame de Lorette, in Paris, near which many
of them resided.

LORETTINE
Lo`ret*tine", n. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: One of a order of nuns founded in 1812 at Loretto, in Kentucky.
The members of the order (called also Sisters of Loretto, or Friends
of Mary at the Foot of the Cross) devote themselves to the cause of
education and the care of destitute orphans, their labors being
chiefly confined to the Western United States.

LORGNETTE
Lor`gnette" n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An opera glass; pl.

Defn: elaborate double eyeglasses.

LORI
Lo"ri, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Lory.

LORICA
Lo*ri"ca, n.; pl. Loricæ. Etym: [L., lit., a corselet of thongs, fr.
lorum thong.]

1. (Anc. Armor)

Defn: A cuirass, originally of leather, afterward of plates of metal
or horn sewed on linen or the like.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Lute for protecting vessels from the fire.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The protective case or shell of an infusorian or rotifer.

LORICATA
Lor`i*ca"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Loricata.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A suborder of edentates, covered with bony plates, including the
armadillos.
(b) The crocodilia.

LORICATE
Lor"i*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Loricated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Loricating.] Etym: [L. loricatus, p. p. of loricare to clothe in
mail, to cover with plastering, fr. lorica a leather cuirass, a
plastering, fr. lorum thong.]

Defn: To cover with some protecting substance, as with lute, a crust,
coating, or plates.

LORICATE
Lor"i*cate, a. Etym: [See Loricate, v.]

Defn: Covered with a shell or exterior made of plates somewhat like a
coat of mail, as in the armadillo.

LORICATE
Lor"i*cate, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal covered with bony scales, as crocodiles among
reptiles, and the pangolins among mammals.

LORICATION
Lor`i*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. loricatio.]

Defn: The act of loricating; the protecting substance put on; a
covering of scales or plates.

LORIKEET
Lor"i*keet, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one numerous species of small brush-tongued parrots or
lories, found mostly in Australia, New Guinea and the adjacent
islands, with some forms in the East Indies. They are arboreal in
their habits and feed largely upon the honey of flowers. They belong
to Trichoglossus, Loriculus, and several allied genera.

LORIMER; LORINER
Lor"i*mer, Lor"i*ner, n. Etym: [OF. lormier, loremier, fr. LL.
loranum bridle, L. lorum thong, the rein of a bridle.]

Defn: A maker of bits, spurs, and metal mounting for bridles and
saddles; hence, a saddler. [Obs.] Holinshed.

LORING
Lor"ing, n. Etym: [See 3d Lore.]

Defn: Instructive discourse. [Obs.] Spenser.

LORIOT
Lo"ri*ot, n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. loriou, for l'oriol, , l' being the
article. The same word as oriole. See Oriole.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The golden oriole of Europe. See Oriole.

LORIS
Lo"ris, n. Etym: [Loris, or lori, the indigenous East Indian name.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small lemurs of the genus
Stenops. They have long, slender limbs and large eyes, and are
arboreal in their habits. The slender loris (S. gracilis), of Ceylon,
in one of the best known species. [Written also lori.]

LORN
Lorn, a. Etym: [Strong p. p. of Lose. See Lose, Forlorn.]

1. Lost; undone; ruined. [Archaic]
If thou readest, thou art lorn. Sir W. Scott.

2. Forsaken; abandoned; solitary; bereft; as, a lone, lorn woman.

LORRIE; LORRY
Lor"rie, Lor"ry, n.; pl. Lorries. Etym: [Prob. from lurry to pull or
lug.]

Defn: A small cart or wagon, as those used on the tramways in mines
to carry coal or rubbish; also, a barrow or truck for shifting
baggage, as at railway stations.

LORY
Lo"ry, n.; pl. Lories. Etym: [Hind. & Malay. luri, nuri.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of many species of small parrots of the family
Trichoglossidæ, generally having the tongue papillose at the tip, and
the mandibles straighter and less toothed than in common parrots.
They are found in the East Indies, Australia, New Guinea, and the
adjacent islands. They feed mostly on soft fruits and on the honey of
flowers.

Note: The lory, or louri, of South Africa is the white-crested
plantain eater or turacou. See Turacou.

LOS
Los, n.

Defn: Praise. See Loos. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOSABLE
Los"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be lost.

LOSANGE
Los"ange, n.

Defn: See Lozenge.

LOSE
Lose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Losing.] Etym: [OE. losien to loose, be
lost, lose, AS. losian to become loose; akin to OE. leosen to lose,
p. p. loren, lorn, AS. leósan, p. p. loren (in comp.), D. verliezen,
G. verlieren, Dan. forlise, Sw. förlisa, förlora, Goth. fraliusan,
also to E. loose, a & v., L. luere to loose, Gr. l to cut. sq.
root127. Cf. Analysis, Palsy, Solve, Forlorn, Leasing, Loose, Loss.]

1. To part with unintentionally or unwillingly, as by accident,
misfortune, negligence, penalty, forfeit, etc.; to be deprived of;
as, to lose money from one's purse or pocket, or in business or
gaming; to lose an arm or a leg by amputation; to lose men in battle.
Fair Venus wept the sad disaster Of having lost her favorite dove.
Prior.

2. To cease to have; to possess no longer; to suffer diminution of;
as, to lose one's relish for anything; to lose one's health.
If the salt hath lost his savor, wherewith shall it be salted Matt.
v. 13.

3. Not to employ; to employ ineffectually; to throw away; to waste;
to squander; as, to lose a day; to lose the benefits of instruction.
The unhappy have but hours, and these they lose. Dryden.

4. To wander from; to miss, so as not to be able to and; to go astray
from; as, to lose one's way.
He hath lost his fellows. Shak

5. To ruin; to destroy; as destroy; as, the ship was lost on the
ledge.
The woman that deliberates is lost. Addison.

6. To be deprived of the view of; to cease to see or know the
whereabouts of; as, he lost his companion in the crowd.
Like following life thro' creatures you dissect, You lose it in the
moment you detect. Pope
.

7. To fail to obtain or enjoy; to fail to gain or win; hence, to fail
to catch with the mind or senses; to miss; as, I lost a part of what
he said.
He shall in no wise lose his reward. Matt. x. 42.
I fought the battle bravely which I lost, And lost it but to
Macedonians. Dryden.

8. To cause to part with; to deprive of. [R.]
How should you go about to lose him a wife he loves with so much
passion Sir W. Temple.

9. To prevent from gaining or obtaining.
O false heart ! thou hadst almost betrayed me to eternal flames, and
lost me this glory. Baxter.
To lose ground, to fall behind; to suffer gradual loss or
disadvantage.
 -- To lose heart, to lose courage; to become timid. "The mutineers
lost heart." Macaulay.
 -- To lose one's head, to be thrown off one's balance; to lose the
use of one's good sense or judgment.
In the excitement of such a discovery, many scholars lost their
heads. Whitney.
-- To lose one's self. (a) To forget or mistake the bearing of
surrounding objects; as, to lose one's self in a great city. (b) To
have the perceptive and rational power temporarily suspended; as, we
lose ourselves in sleep.
 -- To lose sight of. (a) To cease to see; as, to lose sight of the
land. (b) To overlook; to forget; to fail to perceive; as, he lost
sight of the issue.

LOSE
Lose, v. i.

Defn: To suffer loss, disadvantage, or defeat; to be worse off, esp.
as the result of any kind of contest.
We 'll . . . hear poor rogues Talk of court news; and we'll talk with
them too, Who loses and who wins; who's in, who's out. Shak.

LOSEL
Los"el, n. Etym: [From the root of lose, loss. Lorel.]

Defn: One who loses by sloth or neglect; a worthless person; a lorel.
[Archaic] Spenser.
One sad losel soils a name for aye. Byron.

LOSEL
Los"el, a.

Defn: Wasteful; slothful.

LOSENGER
Los"en*ger, n. Etym: [OF. losengier, losengeor, fr. losengier to
deceive, flatter, losenge, flattery, Pr. lauzenga, fr. L. laus
praise. Cf. Lozenge.]

Defn: A flatterer; a deceiver; a cozener. [Obs.] Chaucer.
To a fair pair of gallows, there to end their lives with shame, as a
number of such other losengers had done. Holinshed.

LOSENGERIE
Los"en*ger*ie, n. Etym: [OF.]

Defn: Flattery; deceit; trickery. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOSER
Los"er, n.

Defn: One who loses. South.

LOSING
Lo"sing, a. Etym: [See Losenger.]

Defn: Given to flattery or deceit; flattering; cozening. [Obs.]
Amongst the many simoniacal that swarmed in the land, Herbert, Bishop
of Thetford, must not be forgotten; nick-named Losing, that is, the
Fratterer. Fuller.

LOSING
Los"ing, a. Etym: [See Lose, v. t.]

Defn: Causing or incurring loss; as, a losing game or business.
Who strive sit out losing hands are lost. Herbert.

LOSINGLY
Los"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner to incur loss.

LOSS
Loss, n. Etym: [AS. los loss, losing, fr. leósan to lose. Lose, v.
t.]

1. The act of losing; failure; destruction; privation; as, the loss
of property; loss of money by gaming; loss of health or reputation.
Assured loss before the match be played. Shak.

2. The state of losing or having lost; the privation, defect,
misfortune, harm, etc., which ensues from losing.
Though thou repent, yet I have still the loss. Shak

3. That which is lost or from which one has parted; waste; -- opposed
to gain or increase; as, the loss of liquor by leakage was
considerable.

4. The state of being lost or destroyed; especially, the wreck or
foundering of a ship or other vessel.

5. Failure to gain or win; as, loss of a race or battle.

6. Failure to use advantageously; as, loss of time.

7. (Mil.)

Defn: Killed, wounded, and captured persons, or captured property.

8. (Insurance)

Defn: Destruction or diminution of value, if brought about in a
manner provided for in the insurance contract (as destruction by fire
or wreck, damage by water or smoke), or the death or injury of an
insured person; also, the sum paid or payable therefor; as, the
losses of the company this year amount to a million of dollars. To
bear a loss, to make a loss good; also, to sustain a loss without
sinking under it.
 -- To be at a loss, to be in a state of uncertainty.

Syn.
 -- Privation; detriment; injury; damage.

LOSSFUL
Loss"ful, a.

Defn: Detrimental. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

LOSSLESS
Loss"less, a.

Defn: Free from loss. [Obs.] Milton.

LOST
Lost, a. Etym: [Prop. p. p. of OE. losien. See Lose, v. t.]

1. Parted with unwillingly or unintentionally; not to be found;
missing; as, a lost book or sheep.

2. Parted with; no longer held or possessed; as, a lost limb; lost
honor.

3. Not employed or enjoyed; thrown away; employed ineffectually;
wasted; squandered; as, a lost day; a lost opportunity or benefit.

5. Having wandered from, or unable to find, the way; bewildered;
perplexed; as, a child lost in the woods; a stranger lost in London.

6. Ruined or destroyed, either physically or morally; past help or
hope; as, a ship lost at sea; a woman lost to virtue; a lost soul.

7. Hardened beyond sensibility or recovery; alienated; insensible;
as, lost to shame; lost to all sense of honor.

8. Not perceptible to the senses; no longer visible; as, an island
lost in a fog; a person lost in a crowd.

9. Occupied with, or under the influence of, something, so as to be
insensible of external things; as, to be lost in thought. Lost motion
(Mach.), the difference between the motion of a driver and that of a
follower, due to the yielding of parts or looseness of joints.

LOT
Lot, n. Etym: [AS. hlot; akin to hleótan to cast lots, OS. hl lot, D.
lot, G. loos, OHG. l, Icel. hlutr, Sw. lott, Dan. lod, Goth. hlauts.
Cf. Allot, Lotto, Lottery.]

1. That which happens without human design or forethought; chance;
accident; hazard; fortune; fate.
But save my life, which lot before your foot doth lay. Spenser.

2. Anything (as a die, pebble, ball, or slip of paper) used in
determining a question by chance, or without man's choice or will;
as, to cast or draw lots.
The lot is cast into the lap, but the whole disposing thereof is of
the Lord. Prov. xvi. 33.
If we draw lots, he speeds. Shak.

3. The part, or fate, which falls to one, as it were, by chance, or
without his planning.
O visions ill foreseen! Each day's lot's Enough to bear. Milton.
He was but born to try The lot of man -- to suffer and to die. Pope.

4. A separate portion; a number of things taken collectively; as, a
lot of stationery; -- colloquially, sometimes of people; as, a sorry
lot; a bad lot.
I, this winter, met with a very large lot of English heads, chiefly
of the reign of James I. Walpole.

5. A distinct portion or plot of land, usually smaller than a field;
as, a building lot in a city.
The defendants leased a house and lot in the city of New York. Kent.

6. A large quantity or number; a great deal; as, to spend a lot of
money; lots of people think so. [Colloq.]
He wrote to her . . . he might be detained in London by a lot of
business. W. Black.

7. A prize in a lottery. [Obs.] Evelyn. To cast in one's lot with, to
share the fortunes of.
 -- To cast lots, to use or throw a die, or some other instrument, by
the unforeseen turn or position of which, an event is by previous
agreement determined.
 -- To draw lots, to determine an event, or make a decision, by
drawing one thing from a number whose marks are concealed from the
drawer.
 -- To pay scot and lot, to pay taxes according to one's ability. See
Scot.

LOT
Lot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Lotting.]

Defn: To allot; to sort; to portion. [R.] To lot on or upon, to count
or reckon upon; to expect with pleasure. [Colloq. U. S.]

LOTE
Lote, n. Etym: [L. lotus, Gr. Lotus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large tree (Celtis australis), found in the south of Europe.
It has a hard wood, and bears a cherrylike fruit. Called also nettle
tree. Eng. Cyc.

LOTE
Lote, n. Etym: [F. lotte.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European burbot.

LOTE
Lote, v. i. Etym: [AS. lutian.]

Defn: To lurk; to lie hid. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOTH; LOTHLY; LOTHSOME
Loth, a., Loth"ly, a. & adv., Loth"some (, a.,

Defn: See Loath, Loathly, etc.

LOTHARIO
Lo*tha"ri*o, n. Etym: [Name of a character in Rowe's drama, "The Fair
Penitent."]

Defn: A gay seducer of women; a libertine.

LOTION
Lo"tion, n. Etym: [L. lotio, fr. lavare, lotum, to wash: cf. F.
lotion. See Lave to wash.]

1. A washing, especially of the skin for the purpose of rendering it
fair.

2. A liquid preparation for bathing the skin, or an injured or
diseased part, either for a medicinal purpose, or for improving its
appearance.

LOTO
Lo"to, n.

Defn: See Lotto.

LOTONG
Lo*tong", n. Etym: [Malay l.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian monkey (Semnopithecus femoralis).

LOTOPHAGI
Lo*toph"a*gi, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A people visited by Ulysses in his wanderings. They subsisted
on the lotus. See Lotus (b), and Lotus-eater.

LOTOS
Lo"tos, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Lotus.

LOTTERY
Lot"ter*y, n.; pl. Lotteries. Etym: [Lot + -ery, as in brewery,
bindery.]

1. A scheme for the distribution of prizes by lot or chance; esp., a
gaming scheme in which one or more tickets bearing particular numbers
draw prizes, and the rest of tickets are blanks. Fig. : An affair of
chance.

Note: The laws of the United States and of most of the States make
lotteries illegal.

2. Allotment; thing allotted. [Obs.] Shak.

LOTTO
Lot"to, n. Etym: [F. loto or It. lotto, prop., a lot; of German
origin. See Lot.]

Defn: A game of chance, played with cards, on which are inscribed
numbers, and any contrivance (as a wheel containing numbered balls)
for determining a set of numbers by chance. The player holding a card
having on it the set of numbers drawn from the wheel takes the stakes
after a certain percentage of them has been deducted for the dealer.
A variety of lotto is called keno. [Often written loto.]

LOTURE
Lo"ture, n. Etym: [L. lotura. See Lotion.]

Defn: See Lotion. [Obs.] Holland.

LOTUS
Lo"tus, n. Etym: [L. lotus, Gr. Lote.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) A name of several kinds of water lilies; as Nelumbium speciosum,
used in religious ceremonies, anciently in Egypt, and to this day in
Asia; Nelumbium luteum, the American lotus; and Nymphæa Lotus and N.
cærulea, the respectively white-flowered and blue-flowered lotus of
modern Egypt, which, with Nelumbium speciosum, are figured on its
ancient monuments.
(b) The lotus of the lotuseaters, probably a tree found in Northern
Africa, Sicily, Portugal, and Spain (Zizyphus Lotus), the fruit of
which is mildly sweet. It was fabled by the ancients to make
strangers who ate of it forget their native country, or lose all
desire to return to it.
(c) The lote, or nettle tree. See Lote.
(d) A genus (Lotus) of leguminous plants much resembling clover.
[Written also lotos.] European lotus, a small tree (Diospyros Lotus)
of Southern Europe and Asia; also, its rather large bluish black
berry, which is called also the date plum.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornament much used in Egyptian architecture, generally
asserted to have been suggested by the Egyptian water lily.

LOTUS-EATER; LOTOS-EATER
Lo"tus-eat`er, Lo"tos-eat`er, n. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: One who ate the fruit or leaf of the lotus, and, as a
consequence, gave himself up to indolence and daydreams; one of the
Lotophagi.
The mild-eyed melancholy Lotos-eaters. Tennyson.

LOUCHETTES
Lou*chettes", n. pl. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Goggles intended to rectify strabismus by permitting vision
only directly in front. Knight.

LOUD
Loud, a. [Compar. Louder; superl. Loudest.] Etym: [OE. loud, lud, AS.
hl; akin to OS. hl, D. luid, OHG. l, G. laut, L. -clutus, in
inclutus, inclitus, celebrated, renowned, cluere to be called, Gr. .
Client, Listen, Slave a serf.]

1. Having, making, or being a strong or great sound; noisy; striking
the ear with great force; as, a loud cry; loud thunder.
They were instant with loud voices, requiring that he might be
crucified. Luke xxiii. 23.

2. Clamorous; boisterous.
She is loud and stubborn. Prov. vii. 11.

3. Emphatic; impressive; urgent; as, a loud call for united effort.
[Colloq.]

4. Ostentatious; likely to attract attention; gaudy; as, a loud style
of dress; loud colors. [Slang]

Syn.
 -- Noisy; boisterous; vociferous; clamorous; obstreperous;
turbulent; blustering; vehement.

LOUD
Loud, adv. Etym: [AS. hlude.]

Defn: With loudness; loudly.
To speak loud in public assemblies. Addison.

LOUDFUL
Loud"ful, a.

Defn: Noisy. [Obs.] Marsion.

LOUDLY
Loud"ly, adv.

Defn: In a loud manner. Denham.

LOUD-MOUTHED
Loud"-mouthed`, a.

Defn: Having a loud voice; talking or sounding noisily; noisily
impudent.

LOUDNESS
Loud"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being loud.

LOUD-VOICED
Loud"-voiced`, a.

Defn: Having a loud voice; noisy; clamorous. Byron.

LOUGH
Lough, n. Etym: [See 1st Loch.]

Defn: A loch or lake; -- so spelt in Ireland.

LOUGH
Lough, obs. strong imp.

Defn: of Laugh. Chaucer.

LOUIS D'OR
Lou"is d'or`. Etym: [F., gold louis.]

Defn: Formerly, a gold coin of France nominally worth twenty
shillings sterling, but of varying value; -- first struck in 1640.

LOUIS QUATORZE
Lon"is qua*torze". Etym: [F., Louis fourteenth.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the art or style of the times
of Louis XIV. of France; as, Louis quatorze architecture.

LOUK
Louk, n.

Defn: An accomplice; a "pal." [Obs.]
There is no thief without a louk. Chaucer.

LOUNGE
Lounge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lounged; p. pr. & vb. n. Lounging.] Etym:
[OE. lungis a tall, slow, awkward fellow, OF. longis, longin, said to
be fr. Longinus, the name of the centurion who pierced the body of
Christ, but with reference also to L. longus long. Cf. Long, a.]

Defn: To spend time lazily, whether lolling or idly sauntering; to
pass time indolently; to stand, sit, or recline, in an indolent
manner.
We lounge over the sciences, dawdle through literature, yawn over
politics. J. Hannay.

LOUNGE
Lounge, n.

1. An idle gait or stroll; the state of reclining indolently; a place
of lounging.
She went with Lady Stock to a bookseller's whose shop lounge. Miss
Edgeworth.

2. A piece of furniture resembling a sofa, upon which one may lie or
recline.

LOUNGER
Loun"ger, n.

Defn: One who lounges; ar idler.

LOUP
Loup, n. (Iron Works)

Defn: See 1st Loop.

LOUP-CERVIER
Loup"-cer`vier", n. Etym: [F. Cf. Lusern.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Canada lynx. See Lynx.

LOUP-GAROU
Loup`-ga`rou", n.; pl. Loups-garous (#). [F., fr. loup wolf + a
Teutonic word akin to E. werewolf.]

Defn: A werewolf; a lycanthrope.

The superstition of the loup-garou, or werewolf, belongs to the
folklore of most modern nations, and has its reflex in the story of
"Little Red Riding-hood" and others.
Brinton.

LOUPING
Loup"ing. [From Loup to leap.] (Veter.)

Defn: An enzoötic, often fatal, disease of sheep and other domestic
animals, of unknown cause. It is characterized by muscular tremors
and spasms, followed by more or less complete paralysis. The
principal lesion is an inflammation of the membranes covering the
brain and spinal cord.

LOUP-LOUP
Loup`-loup", n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Pomeranian or Spitz dog.

LOUPS
Loups, n. pl.; sing. Loup. Etym: [F., prop., a wolf.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: The Pawnees, a tribe of North American Indians whose principal
totem was the wolf.

LOUR
Lour, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Asiatic sardine (Clupea Neohowii), valued for its oil.

LOURI
Lou"ri, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Lory.

LOUSE
Louse, n.; pl. Lice. Etym: [OE. lous, AS. l, pl. l; akin to D. luis,
G. laus, OHG. l, Icel. l, Sw. lus, Dan. luus; perh. so named because
it is destructive, and akin to E. lose, loose.] (Zoöl.)

1. Any one of numerous species of small, wingless, suctorial,
parasitic insects belonging to a tribe (Pediculina), now usually
regarded as degraded Hemiptera. To this group belong of the lice of
man and other mammals; as, the head louse of man (Pediculus capitis),
the body louse (P. vestimenti), and the crab louse (Phthirius pubis),
and many others. See Crab louse, Dog louse, Cattle louse, etc., under
Crab, Dog, etc.

2. Any one of numerous small mandibulate insects, mostly parasitic on
birds, and feeding on the feathers. They are known as Mallophaga, or
bird lice, though some occur on the hair of mammals. They are usually
regarded as degraded Pseudoneuroptera. See Mallophaga.

3. Any one of the numerous species of aphids, or plant lice. See
Aphid.

4. Any small crustacean parasitic on fishes. See Branchiura, and
Ichthvophthira.

Note: The term is also applied to various other parasites; as, the
whale louse, beelouse, horse louse. Louse fly (Zoöl.), a parasitic
dipterous insect of the group Pupipara. Some of them are wingless, as
the bee louse.
 -- Louse mite (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of mites which
infest mammals and birds, clinging to the hair and feathers like
lice. They belong to Myobia, Dermaleichus, Mycoptes, and several
other genera.

LOUSE
Louse, v. t.

Defn: To clean from lice. "You sat and loused him." Swift.

LOUSEWORT
Louse"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any species of Pedicularis, a genus of perennial herbs. It was
said to make sheep that fed on it lousy. Yellow lousewort , a plant
of the genus Rhinanthus.

LOUSILY
Lous"i*ly, adv. Etym: [From Lousy.]

Defn: In a lousy manner; in a mean, paltry manner; scurvily. [Vulgar]

LOUSINESS
Lous"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being lousy.

LOUSY
Lous"y, a.

1. Infested with lice.

2. Mean; contemptible; as, lousy knave. [Vulgar]
Such lousy learning as this is. Bale.

LOUT
Lout, v. i. Etym: [OE. louten, luten, AS. l; akin to Icel. l, Dan.
lude, OHG. l to lie hid.]

Defn: To bend; to box; to stoop. [Archaic] Chaucer. Longfellow.
He fair the knight saluted, louting low. Spenser.

LOUT
Lout, n. Etym: [Formerly also written lowt.]

Defn: A clownish, awkward fellow; a bumpkin. Sir P. Sidney.

LOUT
Lout, v. t.

Defn: To treat as a lout or fool; to neglect; to disappoint. [Obs.]
Shak.

LOUTISH
Lout"ish, a.

Defn: Clownish; rude; awkward. "Loutish clown." Sir P. Sidney.
 -- Lout"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Lout"*ish*ness, n.

LOUTOU
Lou*tou", n. Etym: [Native names.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A crested black monkey (Semnopithecus maurus) of Java.

LOUVER; LOUVRE
Lou"ver, Lou"vre, n. Etym: [OE. lover, OF. lover, lovier; or l'ouvert
the opening, fr. overt, ouvert, p. p. of ovrir, ouvrir, to open, F.
ouvrir. Cf. Overt.] (Arch.)

Defn: A small lantern. See Lantern, 2 (a) [Written also lover,
loover, lovery, and luffer.] Louver boards or boarding, the sloping
boards set to shed rainwater outward in openings which are to be left
otherwise unfilled; as belfry windows, the openings of a louver, etc.
 -- Louver work, slatted work.

LOVABLE
Lov"a*ble, a.

Defn: Having qualities that excite, or are fitted to excite, love;
worthy of love.
Elaine the fair, Elaine the lovable, Elaine, the lily maid of
Astolat. Tennyson.

LOVAGE
Lov"age, n. Etym: [F. livèche, fr. L. levisticum, ligusticum, a plant
indigenous to Liguria, lovage, from Ligusticus Ligustine, Ligurian,
Liguria a country of Cisalpine Gaul.] (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant (Levisticum officinale), sometimes used
in medicine as an aromatic stimulant.

LOVE
Love, n. Etym: [OE. love, luve, AS. lufe, lufu; akin to E.lief,
believe, L. lubet, libet,it pleases, Skr. lubh to be lustful. See
Lief.]

1. A feeling of strong attachment induced by that which delights or
commands admiration; preëminent kindness or devotion to another;
affection; tenderness; as, the love of brothers and sisters.
Of all the dearest bonds we prove Thou countest sons' and mothers'
love Most sacred, most Thine own. Keble.

2. Especially, devoted attachment to, or tender or passionate
affection for, one of the opposite sex.
He on his side Leaning half-raised, with looks of cordial love Hung
over her enamored. Milton.

3. Courtship; -- chiefly in the phrase to make love, i. e., to court,
to woo, to solicit union in marriage.
Demetrius . . . Made love to Nedar's daughter, Helena, And won her
soul. Shak.

4. Affection; kind feeling; friendship; strong liking or desire;
fondness; good will; -- opposed to hate; often with of and an object.
Love, and health to all. Shak.
Smit with the love of sacred song. Milton.
The love of science faintly warmed his breast. Fenton.

5. Due gratitude and reverence to God.
Keep yourselves in the love of God. Jude 21.

6. The object of affection; -- often employed in endearing address.
"Trust me, love." Dryden.
Open the temple gates unto my love. Spenser.

7. Cupid, the god of love; sometimes, Venus.
Such was his form as painters, when they show Their utmost art, on
naked Lores bestow. Dryden.
Therefore do nimble-pinioned doves draw Love. Shak.

8. A thin silk stuff. [Obs.] Boyle.

9. (Bot.)

Defn: A climbing species of Clematis (C. Vitalba).

10. Nothing; no points scored on one side; -- used in counting score
at tennis, etc.
He won the match by three sets to love. The Field.

Note: Love is often used in the formation of compounds, in most of
which the meaning is very obvious; as, love-cracked, love-darting,
love-killing, love-linked, love-taught, etc. A labor of love, a labor
undertaken on account of regard for some person, or through pleasure
in the work itself, without expectation of reward.
 -- Free love, the doctrine or practice of consorting with one of the
opposite sex, at pleasure, without marriage. See Free love.
 -- Free lover, one who avows or practices free love.
 -- In love, in the act of loving; -- said esp. of the love of the
sexes; as, to be in love; to fall in love.
 -- Love apple (Bot.), the tomato.
 -- Love bird (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small, short-
tailed parrots, or parrakeets, of the genus Agapornis, and allied
genera. They are mostly from Africa. Some species are often kept as
cage birds, and are celebrated for the affection which they show for
their mates.
 -- Love broker, a person who for pay acts as agent between lovers,
or as a go-between in a sexual intrigue. Shak.
 -- Love charm, a charm for exciting love. Ld. Lytton.
 -- Love child. an illegitimate child. Jane Austen.
 -- Love day, a day formerly appointed for an amicable adjustment of
differences. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Chaucer.
 -- Love drink, a love potion; a philter. Chaucer.
 -- Love favor, something given to be worn in token of love.
 -- Love feast, a religious festival, held quarterly by some
religious denominations, as the Moravians and Methodists, in
imitation of the agapæ of the early Christians.
 -- Love feat, the gallant act of a lover. Shak.
 -- Love game, a game, as in tennis, in which the vanquished person
or party does not score a point.
 -- Love grass. Etym: [G. liebesgras.] (Bot.) Any grass of the genus
Eragrostis.
 -- Love-in-a-mist. (Bot.) (a) An herb of the Buttercup family
(Nigella Damascena) having the flowers hidden in a maze of finely cut
bracts. (b) The West Indian Passiflora foetida, which has similar
bracts.
 -- Love-in-idleness (Bot.), a kind of violet; the small pansy.
A little western flower, Before milk-white, now purple with love's
wound; And maidens call it love-in-idleness. Shak.
-- Love juice, juice of a plant supposed to produce love. Shak.
 -- Love knot, a knot or bow, as of ribbon; -- so called from being
used as a token of love, or as a pledge of mutual affection. Milman.
 -- Love lass, a sweetheart.
 -- Love letter, a letter of courtship. Shak.
 -- Love-lies-bleeding (Bot.), a species of amaranth (Amarantus
melancholicus).
 -- Love match, a marriage brought about by love alone.
 -- Love potion, a compounded draught intended to excite love, or
venereal desire.
 -- Love rites, sexual intercourse. Pope -- Love scene, an exhibition
of love, as between lovers on the stage.
 -- Love suit, courtship. Shak.
 -- Of all loves, for the sake of all love; by all means. [Obs.]
"Mrs. Arden desired him of all loves to come back again." Holinshed.
 -- The god of love, or Love god, Cupid.
 -- To make love to, to express affection for; to woo. "If you will
marry, make your loves to me." Shak.
 -- To play for love, to play a game, as at cards, without stakes. "A
game at piquet for love." Lamb.

Syn.
 -- Affection; friendship; kindness; tenderness; fondness; delight.

LOVE
Love, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Loved; p. pr. & vb. n. Loving.] Etym: [AS.
lufian. Love, n.]

1. To have a feeling of love for; to regard with affection or good
will; as, to love one's children and friends; to love one's country;
to love one's God.
Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy
soul, and with all thy mind. Matt. xxii. 37.
Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thy self. Matt. xxii. 39.

2. To regard with passionate and devoted affection, as that of one
sex for the other.

3. To take delight or pleasure in; to have a strong liking or desire
for, or interest in; to be pleased with; to like; as, to love books;
to love adventures.
Wit, eloquence, and poetry. Arts which I loved. Cowley.

LOVE
Love, v. i.

Defn: To have the feeling of love; to be in love.

LOVEABLE
Love"a*ble, a.

Defn: See Lovable.

LOVE-DRURY
Love"-*dru`ry, n. Etym: [Love + OF. druerie. Cf. Druery.]

Defn: Affection. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOVEE
Lov*ee", n.

Defn: One who is loved. [Humorous] "The lover and lovee." Richardson.

LOVEFUL
Love"ful, a.

Defn: Full of love. [Obs.] Sylvester.

LOVELESS
Love"less, a.

1. Void of love; void of tenderness or kindness. Milton. Shelton.

2. Not attracting love; unattractive.
These are ill-favored to see to; and yet, asloveless as they be, they
are not without some medicinable virtues. Holland.

LOVELILY
Love"li*ly, adv. Etym: [From Lovely.]

Defn: In manner to excite love; amiably. [R.] Otway.

LOVELINESS
Love"li*ness, n. Etym: [From Lovely.]

Defn: The state or quality of being lovely.
If there is such a native loveliness in the sex as to make them
victorious when in the wrong, how resistless their power when they
are on the side of truth! Spectator.

LOVELOCK
Love"lock`, n.

Defn: A long lock of hair hanging prominently by itself; an earlock;
-- worn by men of fashion in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I.
Burton.
A long lovelock and long hair he wore. Sir W. Scott.

LOVELORN
Love"lorn`, a.

Defn: Forsaken by one's love.
The lovelorn nightingale. Milton.

LOVELY
Love"ly, a. [Compar. Lovelier; superl. Loveliest.] Etym: [AS.
luflic.]

1. Having such an appearance as excites, or is fitted to excite,
love; beautiful; charming; very pleasing in form, looks, tone, or
manner. "Lovely to look on." Piers Plowman.
Not one so fair of face, of speech so lovely. Robert of Brunne.
If I had such a tire, this face of mine Were full as lovely as is
this of hers. Shak.

2. Lovable; amiable; having qualities of any kind which excite, or
are fitted to excite, love or friendship.
A most lovely gentlemanlike man. Shak.

3. Loving; tender. [Obs.] "A lovely kiss." Shak.
Many a lovely look on them he cast. Chaucer.

4. Very pleasing; -- applied loosely to almost anything which is not
grand or merely pretty; as, a lovely view; a lovely valley; a lovely
melody.
Indeed these fields Are lovely, lovelier not the Elysian lawns.
Tennyson.

Syn.
 -- Beautiful; charming; delightful; delectable; enchanting; lovable;
amiable.

LOVELY
Love"ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner to please, or to excite love. [Obs. or R.] Tyndale.

LOVE-MAKING
Love"-mak`ing, n.

Defn: Courtship. Bacon.

LOVEMONGER
Love"mon`ger, n.

Defn: One who deals in affairs of love.[Obs.] Shak.

LOVER
Lov"er, n.

1. One who loves; one who is in love; -- usually limited, in the
singular, to a person of the male sex. Gower.
Love is blind, and lovers can not see The pretty follies that
themselves commit. Shak.

2. A friend; one strongly attached to another; one who greatly
desires the welfare of any person or thing; as, a lover of his
country.
I slew my best lover for the good of Rome. Shak.

3. One who has a strong liking for anything, as books, science, or
music. "A lover of knowledge." T. Burnet.

LOVER; LOVERY
Lo"ver, Lo"ver*y, n.

Defn: See Louver. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

LOVERWISE
Lo"ver*wise`, adv.

Defn: As lovers do.
As they sat down here loverwise. W. D. Howells.

LOVE-SICK
Love"-sick`, a.

1. Languishing with love or amorous desire; as, a love-sick maid.
To the dear mistress of my love-sick mind. Dryden.

2. Originating in, or expressive of, languishing love.
Where nightingales their love-sick ditty sing. Dryden.

LOVE-SICKNESS
Love"-sick`ness, n.

Defn: The state of being love-sick.

LOVESOME
Love"some, a. Etym: [AS. lufsum.]

Defn: Lovely. [Obs.]

LOVING
Lov"ing, a.

1. Affectionate.
The fairest and most loving wife in Greece. Tennyson.

2. Expressing love or kindness; as, loving words.

LOVING CUP
Lov"ing cup`.

Defn: A large ornamental drinking vessel having two or more handles,
intended to pass from hand to hand, as at a banquet.

LOVING-KINDNESS
Lov"ing-kind"ness, n.

Defn: Tender regard; mercy; favor. Ps. lxxxix. 33.

LOVINGLY
Lov"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With love; affectionately.

LOVINGNESS
Lov"ing*ness, n.

Defn: Affection; kind regard.
The only two bands of good will, loveliness and lovingness. Sir. P.
Sidney.

LOVYER
Lov"yer, n.

Defn: A lover. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOW
Low, obs

Defn: , strong imp. of Laugh. Chaucer.

LOW
Low, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Lowing.] Etym: [OE.
lowen, AS. hl; akin to D. loeijen, OHG. hl, hluojan.]

Defn: To make the calling sound of cows and other bovine animals; to
moo.
The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea. Gray.

LOW
Low, n.

Defn: The calling sound ordinarily made by cows and other bovine
animals.
Talking voices and the law of herds. Wordsworth.

LOW
Low, n. Etym: [AS. hlaw; akin to Goth. hlaiw a grave, hlains a hill,
and to E. lean to incline.]

Defn: A hill; a mound; a grave. [Obs. except in place names.] Skeat.

LOW
Low, n. Etym: [Icel. log, logi; akin to E. light, n.]

Defn: Fire; a flame; a light. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

LOW
Low, v. i.

Defn: To burn; to blaze. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns.

LOW
Low, a. [Compar. Lower; superl. Lowest.] Etym: [OE. low, louh, lah,
Icel. lagr; akin to Sw. låg, Dan. lav, D. laag, and E. lie. See Lie
to be prostrate.]

1. Occupying an inferior position or place; not high or elevated;
depressed in comparison with something else; as, low ground; a low
flight.

2. Not rising to the usual height; as, a man of low stature; a low
fence.

3. Near the horizon; as, the sun is low at four o'clock in winter,
and six in summer.

4. Sunk to the farthest ebb of the tide; as, low tide.

5. Beneath the usual or remunerative rate or amount, or the ordinary
value; moderate; cheap; as, the low price of corn; low wages.

6. Not loud; as, a low voice; a low sound.

7. (Mus.)

Defn: Depressed in the scale of sounds; grave; as, a low pitch; a low
note.

8. (Phon.)

Defn: Made, as a vowel, with a low position of part of the tongue in
relation to the palate; as, . See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 5, 10,
11.

9. Near, or not very distant from, the equator; as, in the low
northern latitudes.

10. Numerically small; as, a low number.

11. Wanting strength or animation; depressed; dejected; as, low
spirits; low in spirits.

12. Depressed in condition; humble in rank; as, men of low condition;
the lower classes.
Why but to keep ye low and ignorant Milton.

13. Mean; vulgar; base; dishonorable; as, a person of low mind; a low
trick or stratagem.

14. Not elevated or sublime; not exalted or diction; as, a low
comparison.
In comparison of these divine writers, the noblest wits of the
heathen world are low and dull. Felton.

15. Submissive; humble. "Low reverence." Milton.

16. Deficient in vital energy; feeble; weak; as, a low pulse; made
low by sickness.

17. Moderate; not intense; not inflammatory; as, low heat; a low
temperature; a low fever.

18. Smaller than is reasonable or probable; as, a low estimate.

19. Not rich, high seasoned, or nourishing; plain; simple; as, a low
diet.

Note: Low is often used in the formation of compounds which require
no special explanation; as, low-arched, low- browed, low-crowned,
low-heeled, low-lying, low-priced, low-roofed, low-toned, low-voiced,
and the like. Low Church. See High Church, under High.
 -- Low Countries, the Netherlands.
 -- Low German, Low Latin, etc. See under German, Latin, etc.
 -- Low life, humble life.
 -- Low milling, a process of making flour from grain by a single
grinding and by siftings.
 -- Low relief. See Bas-relief.
 -- Low side window (Arch.), a peculiar form of window common in
mediæval churches, and of uncertain use. Windows of this sort are
narrow, near the ground, and out of the line of the windows, and in
many different situations in the building.
 -- Low spirits, despondency.
 -- Low steam, steam having a low pressure.
 -- Low steel, steel which contains only a small proportion of
carbon, and can not be hardened greatly by sudden cooling.
 -- Low Sunday, the Sunday next after Easter; -- popularly so called.
 -- Low tide, the farthest ebb of the tide; the tide at its lowest
point; low water.
 -- Low water. (a) The lowest point of the ebb tide; a low stage of
the in a river, lake, etc. (b) (Steam Boiler) The condition of an
insufficient quantity of water in the boiler.
 -- Low water alarm or indicator (Steam Boiler), a contrivance of
various forms attached to a boiler for giving warning when the water
is low.
 -- Low water mark, that part of the shore to which the waters recede
when the tide is the lowest. Bouvier.
 -- Low wine, a liquor containing about 20 percent of alcohol,
produced by the first distillation of wash; the first run of the
still; -- often in the plural.

LOW
Low, n. (Card Playing)

Defn: The lowest trump, usually the deuce; the lowest trump dealt or
drawn.

LOW
Low, adv.

1. In a low position or manner; not aloft; not on high; near the
ground.

2. Under the usual price; at a moderate price; cheaply; as, he sold
his wheat low.

3. In a low mean condition; humbly; meanly.

4. In time approaching our own.
In that part of the world which was first inhabited, even as low down
as Abraham's time, they wandered with their flocks and herds. Locke.

5. With a low voice or sound; not loudly; gently; as, to speak low.
Addison.
The . . . odorous wind Breathes low between the sunset and the moon.
Tennyson.

6. With a low musical pitch or tone.
Can sing both high and low. Shak.

7. In subjection, poverty, or disgrace; as, to be brought low by
oppression, by want, or by vice. Spenser.

8. (Astron.)

Defn: In a path near the equator, so that the declination is small,
or near the horizon, so that the altitude is small; -- said of the
heavenly bodies with reference to the diurnal revolution; as, the
moon runs low, that is, is comparatively near the horizon when on or
near the meridian.

LOW
Low, v. t.

Defn: To depress; to lower. [Obs.] Swift.

LOWBELL
Low"bell`, n. Etym: [Low a flame + bell.]

1. A bell used in fowling at night, to frighten birds, and, with a
sudden light, to make them fly into a net.
The fowler's lowbell robs the lark of sleep. King.

2. A bell to be hung on the neck of a sheep.
A lowbell hung about a sheep's . . . neck. Howell.

LOWBELL
Low"bell`, v. t.

Defn: To frighten, as with a lowbell.

LOWBORN
Low"born`, a.

Defn: Born in a low condition or rank; -- opposed to highborn.

LOWBOY
Low"boy`, n.

Defn: A chest of drawers not more than four feet high; -- applied
commonly to the lower half of a tallboy from which the upper half has
been removed. [U. S.]

LOWBRED
Low"bred`, a.

Defn: Bred, or like one bred, in a low condition of life;
characteristic or indicative of such breeding; rude; impolite;
vulgar; as, a lowbred fellow; a lowbred remark.

LOW-CHURCH
Low"-church`, a.

Defn: Not placing a high estimate on ecclesiastical organizations or
forms; -- applied especially to Episcopalians, and opposed to high-
church. See High Church, under High.

LOW-CHURCHISM
Low"-church`ism, n.

Defn: The principles of the low-church party.

LOW-CHURCHMAN
Low"-church`man, n.; pl. -men (.

Defn: One who holds low-church principles.

LOW-CHURCHMANSHIP
Low"-church`man*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a low-churchman.

LOWER
Low"er, a.

Defn: Compar. of Low, a.

LOWER
Low"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lowered; p. pr. & vb. n. Lowering.] Etym:
[From Low, a.]

1. To let descend by its own weight, as something suspended; to let
down; as, to lower a bucket into a well; to lower a sail or a boat;
sometimes, to pull down; as, to lower a flag.
Lowered softly with a threefold cord of love Down to a silent grave.
Tennyson.

2. To reduce the height of; as, to lower a fence or wall; to lower a
chimney or turret.

3. To depress as to direction; as, to lower the aim of a gun; to make
less elevated as to object; as, to lower one's ambition, aspirations,
or hopes.

4. To reduce the degree, intensity, strength, etc., of; as, to lower
the temperature of anything; to lower one's vitality; to lower
distilled liquors.

5. To bring down; to humble; as, to lower one's pride.

6. To reduce in value, amount, etc. ; as, to lower the price of
goods, the rate of interest, etc.

LOWER
Low"er, v. i.

Defn: To fall; to sink; to grow less; to diminish; to decrease; as,
the river lowered as rapidly as it rose.

LOWER
Low"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lowered; p. pr. & vb. n. Lowering.] Etym:
[OE. lowren, luren; cf. D. loeren, LG. luren. G. lauern to lurk, to
be on the watch, and E. leer, lurk.]

1. To be dark, gloomy, and threatening, as clouds; to be covered with
dark and threatening clouds, as the sky; to show threatening signs of
approach, as a tempest.
All the clouds that lowered upon our house. Shak.

2. To frown; to look sullen.
But sullen discontent sat lowering on her face. Dryden.

LOWER
Low"er, n. [Obs.]

1. Cloudiness; gloominess.

2. A frowning; sullenness.

LOWER-CASE
Low"er-case`, a. (Print.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or kept in, the lower case; -- used to denote
the small letters, in distinction from capitals and small capitals.
See the Note under 1st Case, n., 3.

LOWERING
Low"er*ing, a.

Defn: Dark and threatening; gloomy; sullen; as, lowering clouds or
sky.

LOWERINGLY
Low"er*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lowering manner; with cloudiness or threatening gloom.

LOWERMOST
Low"er*most`, a. [Irreg. superl. of Low. Cf. Uppermost, Foremost,
etc.]

Defn: Lowest.

LOWERY
Low"er*y, a.

Defn: Cloudy; gloomy; lowering; as, a lowery sky; lowery weather.

LOWGH; LOWH
Lowgh, Lowh, obs.

Defn: strong imp. of Laugh. Etym: [Cf. 1st Low and 2d Lough.]
Chaucer.

LOWING
Low"ing, n.

Defn: The calling sound made by cows and other bovine animals.

LOWISH
Low"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat low. [Colloq.] Richardson.

LOWK
Lowk, n.

Defn: See Louk. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOWLAND
Low"land, n.

Defn: Land which is low with respect to the neighboring country; a
low or level country; -- opposed to highland. The Lowlands, Belgium
and Holland; the Netherlands; also, the southern part of Scotland.

LOWLANDER
Low"land*er, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of the Lowlands, especially of the
Lowlands of Scotland, as distinguished from Highlander.

LOWLIHOOD; LOWLIHEAD
Low"li*hood, Low"li*head, n.

Defn: A lowly state. [R.] Tennyson.

LOWLILY
Low"li*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lowly place or manner; humbly. [Obs. or R.]
Thinking lowlily of himself and highly of those better than himself.
J. C. Shairp.

LOWLINESS
Low"li*ness, n. Etym: [From Lowly.]

1. The state or quality of being lowly; humility; humbleness of mind.
Walk . . . with all lowliness and meekness. Eph. iv. 1, 2.

2. Low condition, especially as to manner of life.
The lowliness of my fortune has not brought me to flatter vice.
Dryden.

LOW-LIVED
Low"-lived`, a.

Defn: Characteristic of, or like, one bred in a low and vulgar
condition of life; mean dishonorable; contemptible; as, low-lived
dishonesty.

LOWLY
Low"ly, a. [Compar. Lowlier; superl. Lowliest.] Etym: [Low, a. + -
ly.]

1. Not high; not elevated in place; low. "Lowly lands." Dryden.

2. Low in rank or social importance.
One common right the great and lowly claims. Pope.

3. Not lofty or sublime; humble.
These rural poems, and their lowly strain. Dryden.

4. Having a low esteem of one's own worth; humble; meek; free from
pride.
Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me, for I am meek and lowly in
heart. Matt. xi. 29.

LOWLY
Low"ly, adv.

1. In a low manner; humbly; meekly; modestly. "Be lowly wise."
Milton.

2. In a low condition; meanly.
I will show myself highly fed, and lowly taught. Shak.

LOW-MINDED
Low"-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Inclined in mind to low or unworthy things; showing a base
mind.
Low-minded and immoral. Macaulay.
All old religious jealousies were condemned as low-minded
infirmities. Bancroft.

LOW-MINDEDNESS
Low"-mind`ed*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being lowminded; meanness; baseness.

LOWN
Lown, n. Etym: [See Loon.]

Defn: A low fellow. [Obs.]

LOW-NECKED
Low"-necked`, a.

Defn: Cut low in the neck; decollete; -- said of a woman's dress.

LOWNESS
Low"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being low.

LOW-PRESSURE
Low"-pres`sure, a.

Defn: Having, employing, or exerting, a low degree of pressure. Low-
pressure steam engine, a steam engine in which low steam is used;
often applied to a condensing engine even when steam at high pressure
is used. See Steam engine.

LOWRY
Low"ry, n.

Defn: An open box car used on railroads. Compare Lorry.

LOW-SPIRITED
Low"-spir`it*ed, a.

Defn: Deficient in animation and courage; dejected; depressed; not
sprightly.
 -- Low"-spir`it*ed*ness, n.

LOW STEEL
Low steel.

Defn: See under Low.

LOW-STUDDED
Low"-stud`ded, a.

Defn: Furnished or built with short studs; as, a low-studded house or
room.

LOW-THOUGHTED
Low"-thought`ed, a.

Defn: Having one's thoughts directed toward mean or insignificant
subjects.

LOXODROMIC
Lox`o*drom"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. loxodromique.]

Defn: Pertaining to sailing on rhumb lines; as, loxodromic tables.
Loxodromic curve or line (Geom.), a line on the surface of a sphere,
which always makes an equal angle with every meridian; the rhumb
line. It is the line on which a ship sails when her course is always
in the direction of one and the same point of the compass.

LOXODROMICS
Lox`o*drom"ics, n.

Defn: The art or method of sailing on the loxodromic or rhumb line.

LOXODROMISM
Lox*od"ro*mism, n.

Defn: The act or process of tracing a loxodromic curve; the act of
moving as if in a loxodromic curve.

LOXODROMY
Lox*od"ro*my, n. Etym: [Cf. F. loxodromic.]

Defn: The science of loxodromics. [R.]

LOY
Loy, n.

Defn: A long, narrow spade for stony lands.

LOYAL
Loy"al, a. Etym: [F. loyal, OF. loial, leial, L. legalis, fr. lex,
legis, law. See Legal, and cf. Leal.]

1. Faithful to law; upholding the lawful authority; faithful and true
to the lawful government; faithful to the prince or sovereign to whom
one is subject; unswerving in allegiance.
Welcome, sir John ! But why come you in arms -To help King Edward in
his time of storm, As every loyal subject ought to do. Shak.

2. True to any person or persons to whom one owes fidelity,
especially as a wife to her husband, lovers to each other, and friend
to friend; constant; faithful to a cause or a principle.
Your true and loyal wife. Shak.
Unhappy both, but loyaltheir loves. Dryden.

LOYALIST
Loy"al*ist, n.

Defn: A person who adheres to his sovereign or to the lawful
authority; especially, one who maintains his allegiance to his prince
or government, and defends his cause in times of revolt or
revolution.

LOYALLY
Loy"al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a loyal manner; faithfully.

LOYALNESS
Loy"al*ness, n.

Defn: Loyalty. [R.] Stow.

LOYALTY
Loy"al*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. loyaute. See Loyal, and cf. Legality.]

Defn: The state or quality of being loyal; fidelity to a superior, or
to duty, love, etc.
He had such loyalty to the king as the law required. Clarendon.
Not withstanding all the subtle bait With which those Amazons his
love still craved, To his one love his loyalty he saved. Spenser.

Note: "Loyalty . . . expresses, properly, that fidelity which one
owes according to law, and does not necessarily include that
attachment to the royal person, which, happily, we in England have
been able further to throw into the word." Trench.

Syn.
 -- Allegiance; fealty. See Allegiance.

LOZENGE
Loz"enge, n. Etym: [F. lozange, losange; perh. the same as OF.
losengef flattery, praise, the heraldic sense being the oldest (cf.
E. hatchment, blazon). Cf. Losenger, Laudable.]

1. (Her.)
(a) A diamond-shaped figure usually with the upper and lower angles
slightly acute, borne upon a shield or escutcheon. Cf. Fusil.
(b) A form of the escutcheon used by women instead of the shield
which is used by men.

2. A figure with four equal sides, having two acute and two obtuse
angles; a rhomb.

3. Anything in the form of lozenge.

4. A small cake of sugar and starch, flavored, and often medicated.
 -- originally in the form of a lozenge. Lozenge coach, the coach of
a dowager, having her coat of arms painted on a lozenge. [Obs.]
Walpole.
 -- Lozenge-molding (Arch.), a kind of molding, used in Norman
architecture, characterized by lozenge-shaped ornaments.

LOZENGED; LOZENGE-SHAPED
Loz"enged, Loz"enge-shaped`, a.

Defn: Having the form of a lozenge or rhomb.
The lozenged panes of a very small latticed window. C. Bronté.

LOZENGY
Loz"en*gy, a. Etym: [F. losangé. See Lozenge.] (Her.)

Defn: Divided into lozenge-shaped compartments, as the field or a
bearing, by lines drawn in the direction of the bend sinister.

LU
Lu, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Loo.

LUBBARD
Lub"bard, n. Etym: [See Lubber.]

Defn: A lubber. [Obs.] Swift.

LUBBARD
Lub"bard, a.

Defn: Lubberly.

LUBBER
Lub"ber, n. Etym: [Cf. dial. Sw. lubber. See Looby, Lob.]

Defn: A heavy, clumsy, or awkward fellow; a sturdy drone; a clown.
Lingering lubbers lose many a penny. Tusser.
Land lubber, a name given in contempt by sailors to a person who
lives on land.
 -- Lubber grasshopper (Zoöl.), a large, stout, clumsy grasshopper;
esp., Brachystola magna, from the Rocky Mountain plains, and Romalea
microptera, which is injurious to orange trees in Florida.
 -- Lubber's hole (Naut.), a hole in the floor of the "top," next the
mast, through which sailors may go aloft without going over the rim
by the futtock shrouds. It is considered by seamen as only fit to be
used by lubbers. Totten.
 -- Lubber's line, point, or mark, a line or point in the compass
case indicating the head of the ship, and consequently the course
which the ship is steering.

LUBBERLY
Lub"ber*ly, a.

Defn: Like a lubber; clumsy.
A great lubberly boy. Shak.

LUBBERLY
Lub"ber*ly, adv.

Defn: Clumsily; awkwardly. Dryden.

LUBRIC; LUBRICAL
Lu"bric, Lu"bric*al, a. Etym: [L. lubricus: cf. F. lubrique.]

1. Having a smooth surface; slippery. [R.]

2. Lascivious; wanton; lewd. [R.]
This lubric and adulterate age. Dryden.

LUBRICANT
Lu"bri*cant, a. Etym: [L. lubricans, p. pr. of lubricare, See
Lubricate.]

Defn: Lubricating.

LUBRICANT
Lu"bri*cant, n.

Defn: That which lubricates; specifically, a substance, as oil,
grease, plumbago, etc., used for reducing the friction of the working
parts of machinery.

LUBRICATE
Lu"bri*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. lubricatus, p. p. of lubricare to
lubricate. See Lubric.]

1. To make smooth or slippery; as, mucilaginous and saponaceous
remedies lubricate the parts to which they are applied. S. Sharp.
Supples, lubricates, and keeps in play, The various movements of this
nice machine. Young.

2. To apply a lubricant to, as oil or tallow.

LUBRICATION
Lu`bri*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of lubricating; the act of making slippery.

LUBRICATOR
Lu"bri*ca`tor, n.

1. One who, or that which, lubricates. " Lubricator of the fibers."
Burke.

2. A contrivance, as an oil cup, for supplying a lubricant to
machinery.

LUBRICITATE
Lu*bric"i*tate, v. i.

Defn: See Lubricate.

LUBRICITY
Lu*bric"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. lubricitas: cf. F. lubricité.]

1. Smoothness; freedom from friction; also, property, which
diminishes friction; as, the lubricity of oil. Ray.

2. Slipperiness; instability; as, the lubricity of fortune.
L'Estrange.

3. Lasciviousness; propensity to lewdness; lewdness; lechery;
incontinency. Sir T. Herbert.
As if wantonness and lubricity were essential to that poem. Dryden.

LUBRICOUS
Lu"bri*cous, a. Etym: [L. lubricus.]

Defn: Lubric.

LUBRIFICATION; LUBRIFACTION
Lu`bri*fi*ca"tion, Lu`bri*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. lubricus lubric +
facere to make.]

Defn: The act of lubricating, or making smooth. Ray. Bacon.

LUCARNE
Lu`carne", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. lucerna a lamp. See Luthern.] (Arch.)

Defn: A dormer window.

LUCCHESE
Luc*chese", n. sing. & pl. Etym: [It. Lucchese.]

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Lucca, in Tuscany; in the plural, the
people of Lucca.

LUCE
Luce, n. Etym: [OF. lus, L. lucius a kind of fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A pike when full grown. Halliwell.

LUCENCY
Lu"cen*cy, n.

Defn: The quality of being lucent.

LUCENT
Lu"cent, a. Etym: [L. lucens, p. pr. of lucere to shine, fr. lux,
lucis, light.]

Defn: Shining; bright; resplendent. " The sun's lucent orb." Milton.

LUCERN
Lu"cern, n. Etym: [Etymology uncertain.] [Obs.]

1. A sort of hunting dog; -- perhaps from Lucerne, in Switzerland.
My lucerns, too, or dogs inured to hunt Beasts of most rapine.
Chapman.

2. An animal whose fur was formerly much in req [Written also lusern
and luzern.]
The polecat, mastern, and the richskinned lucern I know to chase.
Beau. & Fl.

LUCERN
Lu"cern, n. Etym: [F. luzerne.] (Bot.)

Defn: A leguminous plant (Medicago sativa), having bluish purple
cloverlike flowers, cultivated for fodder; -- called also alfalfa.
[Written also lucerne.]

LUCERN
Lu"cern, n. Etym: [L. lucerna.]

Defn: A lamp. [Obs.] Lydgate.

LUCERNAL
Lu*cer"nal, a. Etym: [L. lucerna a lamp.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a lamp. Lucernal microscope, a form of the
microscope in which the object is illuminated by means of a lamp, and
its image is thrown upon a plate of ground glass connected with the
instrument, or on a screen independent of it.

LUCERNARIA
Lu`cer*na"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. lucerna a lamp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of acalephs, having a bell-shaped body with eight
groups of short tentacles around the margin. It attaches itself by a
sucker at the base of the pedicel.

LUCERNARIAN
Lu`cer*na"ri*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Lucernarida.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Lucernarida.

LUCERNARIDA
lu`cer*nar"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Lucernaria.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A division of acalephs, including Lucernaria and allied genera; -
- called also Calycozoa.
(b) A more extensive group of acalephs, including both the true
lucernarida and the Discophora.

LUCERNE
Lu"cerne, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Lucern, the plant.

LUCID
Lu"cid, a. Etym: [L. lucidus, fr. lux, lucis, light. See Light, n.]

1. Shining; bright; resplendent; as, the lucid orbs of heaven.
Lucid, like a glowworm. Sir I. Newton.
A court compact of lucid marbles. Tennyson.

2. Clear; transparent. " Lucid streams." Milton.

3. Presenting a clear view; easily understood; clear.
A lucid and interesting abstract of the debate. Macaulay.

4. Bright with the radiance of intellect; not darkened or confused by
delirium or madness; marked by the regular operations of reason; as,
a lucid interval.

Syn.
 -- Luminous; bright; clear; transparent; sane; reasonable. See
Luminous.

LUCIDITY
Lu*cid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lucidité. See Lucid.]

Defn: The quality or state of being lucid.

LUCIDLY
Lu"cid*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lucid manner.

LUCIDNESS
Lu"cid*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being lucid; lucidity.

LUCIFER
Lu"ci*fer, n. Etym: [L., bringing light, n., the morning star, fr.
lux, lucis, light + ferre to bring.]

1. The planet Venus, when appearing as the morning star; -- applied
in Isaiah by a metaphor to a king of Babylon.
How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning ! how
art thou cut down to the ground which didst weaken the nations ! Is.
xiv. 12.
Tertullian and Gregory the Great understood this passage of Isaiah in
reference to the fall of Satan; in consequence of which the name
Lucifer has since been applied to, Satan. Kitto.

2. Hence, Satan.
How wretched Is that poor man that hangs on princes' favors! . . .
When he falls, he falls like Lucifer, Never to hope again. Shak.

3. A match made of a sliver of wood tipped with a combustible
substance, and ignited by friction; -- called also lucifer match, and
locofoco. See Locofoco.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of free-swimming macruran Crustacea, having a slender
body and long appendages.

LUCIFERIAN
Lu`ci*fe"ri*an, a.

1. Of or pertaining to Lucifer; having the pride of Lucifer; satanic;
devilish.

2. Of or pertaining to the Luciferians or their leader.

LUCIFERIAN
Lu`ci*fe"ri*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of the followers of Lucifer, bishop of Cagliari, in the
fourth century, who separated from the orthodox churches because they
would not go as far as he did in opposing the Arians.

LUCIFEROUS
Lu*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [See Lucifer.]

Defn: Giving light; affording light or means of discovery. Boyle.

LUCIFEROUSLY
Lu*cif"er*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a luciferous manner.

LUCIFIC
Lu*cif"ic, a. Etym: [L. lucificus; lux, lucis, light + facere to
make.]

Defn: Producing light. Grew.

LUCIFORM
Lu"ci*form, a. Etym: [L. lux, lucis, light = -form.]

Defn: Having, in some respects, the nature of light; resembling
light. Berkeley.

LUCIFRIAN
Lu*cif"ri*an, a.

Defn: Luciferian; satanic. [Obs.] Marston.

LUCIMETER
Lu*cim"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. lux, lucis, light + -meter.]

Defn: an instrument for measuring the intensity of light; a
photometer.

LUCK
Luck, n. Etym: [Akin to D. luk, geluk, G. glück, Icel. lukka, Sw.
lycka, Dan. lykke, and perh. to G. locken to entice. Cf. 3d Gleck.]

Defn: That which happens to a person; an event, good or ill,
affecting one's interests or happiness, and which is deemed casual; a
course or series of such events regarded as occurring by chance;
chance; hap; fate; fortune; often, one's habitual or characteristic
fortune; as, good, bad, ill, or hard luck. Luck is often used for
good luck; as, luck is better than skill.
If thou dost play with him at any game, Thou art sure to lose; and of
that natural luck, He beats thee 'gainst the odds. Shak.
Luck penny, a small sum given back for luck to one who pays money.
[Prov. Eng.] -- To be is luck, to receive some good, or to meet with
some success, in an unexpected manner, or as the result of
circumstances beyond one's control; to be fortunate.

LUCKILY
Luck"i*ly, adv. Etym: [From Lucky.]

Defn: In a lucky manner; by good fortune; fortunately; -- used in a
good sense; as, they luckily escaped injury.

LUCKINESS
Luck"i*ness, n.

1. The state or quality of being lucky; as, the luckiness of a man or
of an event.

2. Good fortune; favorable issue or event. Locke.

LUCKLESS
Luck"less, a.

Defn: Being without luck; unpropitious; unfortunate; unlucky; meeting
with ill success or bad fortune; as, a luckless gamester; a luckless
maid.
Prayers made and granted in a luckless hour. Dryden.
-- Luck"less*ly, adv.
 -- Lock"less*ness, n.

LUCKY
Luck"y, a. [Compar. Luckier; superl. Luckiest.]

1. Favored by luck; fortunate; meeting with good success or good
fortune; -- said of persons; as, a lucky adventurer. " Lucky wight."
Spenser.

2. Producing, or resulting in, good by chance, or unexpectedly;
favorable; auspicious; fortunate; as, a lucky mistake; a lucky cast;
a lucky hour.
We doubt not of a fair and lucky war. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Successful; fortunate; prosperous; auspicious.

LUCKY PROACH
Luck`y proach". (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Fatherlasher.

LUCRATIVE
Lu"cra*tive, a. Etym: [L. lucrativus, fr. lucrari to gain, fr. lucrum
gain: cf. F. lucratif. See Lucre.]

1. Yielding lucre; gainful; profitable; making increase of money or
goods; as, a lucrative business or office.
The trade of merchandise being the most lucrative, may bear usury at
a good rate. Bacon.

2. Greedy of gain [Obs.]
Such diligence as the most part of our lucrative lawyers do use, in
deferring and prolonging of matters and actions from term to term.
Latimer.

LUCRATIVELY
Lu"cra*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lucrative manner.

LUCRE
Lu"cre, n. Etym: [F. lucre, L. lucrum.]

Defn: Gain in money or goods; profit; riches; -- often in an ill
sense.
The lust of lucre and the dread of death. Pope.

LUCRIFEROUS
Lu*crif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. lucrum gain +-ferous.]

Defn: Gainful; profitable. [Obs.] Boyle.

LUCRIFIC
Lu*crif"ic, a. Etym: [L. lucrificus; lucrum gain + facere to make.]

Defn: Producing profit; gainful. [Obs.]

LUCTATION
Luc*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. luctatio, fr. luctari to wrestle, strive.]

Defn: Effort to overcome in contest; struggle; endeavor. [R.]
Farindon.

LUCTUAL
Luc"tu*al, a. Etym: [L. luctus mourning, sorrow, fr. lugere, fr.
luctum, to mourn.]

Defn: Producing grief; saddening. [Obs.] Sir G. Buck.

LUCUBRATE
Lu"cu*brate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lucubrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Lucubrated.] Etym: [L. lucubratus, p. p. of lucubrare to work by
lamplight, fr. lux light. See Light, n.]

Defn: To study by candlelight or a lamp; to study by night.

LUCUBRATE
Lu"cu*brate, v. t.

Defn: To elaborate, perfect, or compose, by night study or by
laborious endeavor.

LUCUBRATION
Lu`cu*bra"tion, n. Etym: [l. lucubratio;cf. F. lucubration.]

1. The act of lucubrating, or studying by candlelight; nocturnal
study; meditation.
After long lucubration I have hit upon such an expedient. Goldsmith.

2. That which is composed by night; that which is produced by
meditation in retirement; hence (loosely) any literary composition.
Thy lucubrations have been perused by several of our friends. Tatler.

LUCUBRATOR
Lu"cu*bra`tor, n.

Defn: One who studies by night; also, one who produces lucubrations.

LUCUBRATORY
Lu"cu*bra*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. lucubratorius.]

Defn: Composed by candlelight, or by night; of or pertaining to night
studies; laborious or painstaking. Pope.

LUCULE
Lu"cule, n. Etym: [Dim. fr. L. lux, lucis, light.] (Astron.)

Defn: A spot or fleck on the sun brighter than the surrounding
surface.

LUCULENT
Lu"cu*lent, a. Etym: [L. luculentus, from lux, lucis, light.]

1. Lucid; clear; transparent. Thomson.

2. Clear; evident; luminous. " Most luculent testimonies." Hooker.

3. Bright; shining in beauty. [Obs.]
Most debonair and luculent lady. B. Jonson.

LUCULENTLY
Lu"cu*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a luculent manner; clearly.

LUCULLITE
Lu*cul"lite, n. Etym: [From Lucullus, a Roman consul, famous for his
great wealth and luxury: cf. F. lucullite.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of black limestone, often polished for ornamental
purposes.

LUCUMA
Lu*cu"ma, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An American genus of sapotaceous trees bearing sweet and edible
fruits.

Note: Lucuma mammosum is called natural marmalade in the West Indies;
L. Caimito, of Peru, furnishes a delicious fruit called lucuma and
caimito.

LUDDITE
Lud"dite, n.

Defn: One of a number of riotous persons in England, who for six
years (1811-17) tried to prevent the use of labor-saving machinery by
breaking it, burning factories, etc.; -- so called from Ned Lud, a
half-witted man who some years previously had broken stocking frames.
J. & H. Smith. H. Martineau.

LUDIBRIOUS
Lu*dib"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. ludibrium mockery, derision, from ludere
to play, sport.]

Defn: Sportive; ridiculous; wanton. [Obs.] Tooker.

LUDIBUND
Lu"di*bund, a. Etym: [L. ludibundus.]

Defn: Sportive. [Obs.] -- Lu"di*bund*ness, n. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

LUDICROUS
Lu"di*crous, a. Etym: [L. ludicrus, or ludicer, from ludus play,
sport, fr. ludere to play.]

Defn: Adapted to excite laughter, without scorn or contempt;
sportive. Broome.
A chapter upon German rhetoric would be in the same ludicrous
predicament as Van Troil's chapter on the snakes of Iceland, which
delivers its business in one summary sentence, announcing, that
snakes in Iceland -- there are none. De Quincey.

Syn.
 -- Laughable; sportive; burlesque; comic; droll; ridiculous.
 -- Ludicrous, Laughable, Ridiculous. We speak of a thing as
ludicrous when it tends to produce laughter; as laughable when the
impression is somewhat stronger; as ridiculous when more or less
contempt is mingled with the merriment created.
 -- Lu"di*crous*ly, adv.
 -- Lu"di*crous*ness, n.

LUDIFICATION
Lu`di*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. ludificatio, fr. ludificare to make
sport of; ludus sport + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]

Defn: The act of deriding.

LUDIFICATORY
Lu*dif"i*ca*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. ludificatorius.]

Defn: Making sport; tending to excite derision. [Obs.]

LUDLAMITE
Lud"lam*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Mr. Ludlam, of London.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in small, green, transparent, monoclinic
crystals. It is a hydrous phosphate of iron.

LUDLOW GROUP
Lud"low group`. (Geol.)

Defn: A subdivision of the British Upper Silurian lying below the Old
Red Sandstone; -- so named from the Ludlow, in Western England. See
the Chart of Geology.

LUDWIGITE
Lud"wig*ite, n. Etym: [Named after the chemist Ludwig.] (Min.)

Defn: A borate of iron and magnesia, occurring in fibrous masses of a
blackish green color.

LUES
Lu"es, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: Disease, especially of a contagious kind. Lues venerea,
syphilis; -- called also simply lues.

LUFF
Luff, n. Etym: [OE. lof, prob. a sort of timber by which the course
of a ship was directed, perh. a sort of paddle; cf. D. loef luff,
loeven to luff. The word is perh. akin to E. glove. Cf. Aloof.]
(Naut.)
(a) The side of a ship toward the wind.
(b) The act of sailing a ship close to the wind.
(c) The roundest part of a ship's bow.
(d) The forward or weather leech of a sail, especially of the jib,
spanker, and other fore-and-aft sails. Luff tackle, a purchase
composed of a double and single block and fall, used for various
purposes. Totten.
 -- Luff upon luff, a luff tackle attached to the fall of another
luff tackle. R. H. Dana, Jr.

LUFF
Luff, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Luffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Luffing.] (Naut.)

Defn: To turn the head of a vessel toward the wind; to sail nearer
the wind; to turn the tiller so as to make the vessel sail nearer the
wind. To luff round, or To luff alee, to make the extreme of this
movement, for the purpose of throwing the ship's head into the wind.

LUFFA
Luf"fa, n. [NL., fr. Ar. lufah.] (Bot.)
 (a) A small genus of tropical cucurbitaceous plants having white
flowers, the staminate borne in racemes, and large fruits with a dry
fibrous pericarp. The fruit of several species and the species
themselves, esp. L. Ægyptiaca, are called dishcloth gourds.
 (b) Any plant of this genus, or its fruit.
 (c) The fibrous skeleton of the fruit, used as a sponge and in the
manufacture of caps and women's hats; -- written also loofah.

LUFFER
Luf"fer, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Louver.

LUG
Lug, n. Etym: [Sw. lugg the forelock.]

1. The ear, or its lobe. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

2. That which projects like an ear, esp. that by which anything is
supported, carried, or grasped, or to which a support is fastened; an
ear; as, the lugs of a kettle; the lugs of a founder's flask; the lug
(handle) of a jug.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: A projecting piece to which anything, as a rod, is attached, or
against which anything, as a wedge or key, bears, or through which a
bolt passes, etc.

4. (Harness)

Defn: The leather loop or ear by which a shaft is held up.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lugworm. Lug bolt (Mach.), a bolt terminating in a long,
flat extension which takes the place of a head; a strap bolt.

LUG
Lug, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lugged; p. pr. & vb. n. Lugging.] Etym: [OE.
luggen, Sw. lugga to pull by the hair, fr. lugg the forelock.]

Defn: To pull with force; to haul; to drag along; to carry with
difficulty, as something heavy or cumbersome. Dryden.
They must divide the image among them, and so lug off every one his
share. Collier.

LUG
Lug, v. i.

Defn: To move slowly and heavily.

LUG
Lug, n.

1. The act of lugging; as, a hard lug; that which is lugged; as, the
pack is a heavy lug.[Colloq.]

2. Anything which moves slowly. [Obs.] Ascham.

LUG
Lug, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

1. A rod or pole. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

2. A measure of length, being 16 [Obs.] " Eight lugs of ground."
Spenser. Chimney lug, or Lug pole, a pole on which a kettle is hung
over the fire, either in a chimney or in the open air. [Local, U.S.]
Whittier.

LUGGAGE
Lug"gage, n. Etym: [From 4th Lug.]

Defn: That which is lugged; anything cumbrous and heavy to be
carried; especially, a traveler's trunks, baggage, etc., or their
contents.
I am gathering up my luggage, and preparing for my journey. Swift.
What do you mean, To dote thus on such luggage! Shak.

Syn.
 -- Plunder; baggage. Luggage van, a vehicle for carrying luggage; a
railway car, or compartment of a car, for carrying luggage. [Eng.]

LUGGER
Lug"ger, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A small vessel having two or three masts, and a running
bowsprit, and carrying lugsails. See Illustration in Appendix.
Totten.

LUGGER
Lug"ger, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Indian falcon (Falco jugger), similar to the European lanner
and the American prairie falcon.

LUGMARK
Lug"mark`, n. Etym: [From Lug an ear.]

Defn: A mark cut into the ear of an animal to identify it; an
earmark.

LUGSAIL
Lug"sail`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A square sail bent upon a yard that hangs obliquely to the mast
and is raised or lowered with the sail. Totten.

LUGUBRIOUS
Lu*gu"bri*ous, a. Etym: [L. lugubris, fr. lugere to mourn; cf. Gr.
ruj to break.]

Defn: Mournful; indicating sorrow, often ridiculously or feignedly;
doleful; woful; pitiable; as, a whining tone and a lugubrious look.
Crossbones, scythes, hourglasses, and other lugubrious emblems of
mortality. Hawthorne.
-- Lu*gu"bri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Lu*gu"bri*ous*ness, n.

LUGWORM
Lug"worm`, n. Etym: [1st lug + worm.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large marine annelid (Arenicola marina) having a row of
tufted gills along each side of the back. It is found burrowing in
sandy beaches, both in America and Europe, and is used for bait by
European fishermen. Called also lobworm, and baitworm.

LUKE
Luke, a. Etym: [Prob. fr. lew, perh. influenced by AS. wlæc warm,
lukewarm, remiss. Cf. Lew.]

Defn: Moderately warm; not hot; tepid.
 -- Luke"ness, n. [Obs.]
Nine penn'orth o'brandy and water luke. Dickens.

LUKEWARM
Luke"warm`, a. Etym: [See Luke.]

Defn: Moderately warm; neither cold nor hot; tepid; not ardent; not
zealous; cool; indifferent. " Lukewarm blood." Spenser. " Lukewarm
patriots." Addison.
An obedience so lukewarm and languishing that it merits not the name
of passion. Dryden.
-- Luce"warm`ly, adv.
 -- Luce"warm`ness, n.

LULL
Lull, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lulled; p. pr. & vb. n. Lulling.] Etym:
[Akin to OD. lullen to sing to sleep, G. lullen, Dan. lulle, Sw.
lulla; all of imitative origin. Cf. Loll, Lollard.]

Defn: To cause to rest by soothing influences; to compose; to calm;
to soothe; to quiet. " To lull him soft asleep." Spenser.
Such sweet compulsion doth in music lie, To lull the daughters of
necessity. Milton.

LULL
Lull, v. i.

Defn: To become gradually calm; to subside; to cease or abate for a
time; as, the storm lulls.

LULL
Lull, n.

1. The power or quality of soothing; that which soothes; a lullaby.
[R.] Young.

2. A temporary cessation of storm or confusion.

LULLABY
lull"a*by, n. Etym: [From Lull, v. t. ]

1. A song to quiet babes or lull them to sleep; that which quiets.
Shak.

2. Hence: Good night; good-by. [Obs.] Shak.

LULLER
Lull"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, lulls.

LULLINGLY
Lull"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lulling manner; soothingly.

LUM
Lum, n. Etym: [W. llumon chimney, llum that shoots up or ends in a
point.]

1. A chimney. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns.

2. A ventilating chimney over the shaft of a mine.

3. A woody valley; also, a deep pool. [Prov. Eng.]

LUMACHEL; LUMACHELLA
Lu"ma*chel, Lu`ma*chel"la, n. Etym: [F. lumachelle, It. lumachella,
fr. lamachella a little snail, dim. of lumaca a snail, fr. L. limax,
-acis.] (Min.)

Defn: A grayish brown limestone, containing fossil shells, which
reflect a beautiful play of colors. It is also called fire marble,
from its fiery reflections.

LUMBAGINOUS
Lum*bag"i*nous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to lumbago.

LUMBAGO
Lum*ba"go, n. Etym: [L., fr. lumbus loin. See Lumbar.] (Med.)

Defn: A rheumatic pain in the loins and the small of the back.

LUMBAR; LUMBAL
Lum"bar, Lum"bal, a. Etym: [L. lumbus loin. See Loin.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or near, the loins; as, the lumbar arteries.
Lumbar region (Anat.), the region of the loin; specifically, a region
between the hypochondriac and ilias regions, and outside of the
umbilical region.

LUMBER
Lum"ber, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. Lombard, the Lombards being the money
lenders and pawnbrokers of the Middle Ages. A lumber room was,
according to Trench, originally a Lombard room, or room where the
Lombard pawnbroker stored his pledges. See Lombard.]

1. A pawnbroker's shop, or room for storing articles put in pawn;
hence, a pledge, or pawn. [Obs.]
They put all the little plate they had in the lumber, which is
pawning it, till the ships came. Lady Murray.

2. Old or refuse household stuff; things cumbrous, or bulky and
useless, or of small value.

3. Timber sawed or split into the form of beams, joists, boards,
planks, staves, hoops, etc.; esp., that which is smaller than heavy
timber. [U.S.] Lumber kiln, a room in which timber or lumber is dried
by artificial heat. [U.S.] -- Lumber room, a room in which unused
furniture or other lumber is kept. [U.S.] -- Lumber wagon, a heavy
rough wagon, without springs, used for general farmwork, etc.

LUMBER
Lum"ber, b. t. [imp. & p. p. Lumbered; p. pr. & vb. n. Lumbering.]

1. To heap together in disorder. " Stuff lumbered together." Rymer.

2. To fill or encumber with lumber; as, to lumber up a room.

LUMBER
Lum"ber, v. i.

1. To move heavily, as if burdened.

2. Etym: [Cf. dial. Sw. lomra to resound.]

Defn: To make a sound as if moving heavily or clumsily; to rumble.
Cowper.

3. To cut logs in the forest, or prepare timber for market. [U.S.]

LUMBERER
Lum"ber*er, n.

Defn: One employed in lumbering, cutting, and getting logs from the
forest for lumber; a lumberman. [U.S.]
Lumberers have a notion that he (the woodpecker) is harmful to
timber. Lowell.

LUMBERING
Lum"ber*ing, n.

Defn: The business of cutting or getting timber or logs from the
forest for lumber. [U.S.]

LUMBERMAN
Lum"ber*man, n.; pl. Lumbermen (.

Defn: One who is engaged in lumbering as a business or employment.
[U.S.]

LUMBER STATE
Lum"ber State.

Defn: Maine; -- a nickname.

LUMBOSACRAL
Lum`bo*sa"cral, n. Etym: [L. lumbus loin + E. sacral.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the loins and sacrum; as, the lumbosacral
nerve, a branch of one of the lumber nerves which passes over the
sacrum.

LUMBRIC
Lum"bric, n. Etym: [L. lumbricus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An earthworm, or a worm resembling an earthworm.

LUMBRICAL
Lum"bric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lombrical. See Lumbric.] (Anat.)

Defn: Resembling a worm; as, the lumbrical muscles of the hands of
the hands and feet.
 -- n.

Defn: A lumbrical muscle.

LUMBRICIFORM
Lum*bric"i*form, a. Etym: [L. lumbricus worm + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling an earthworm; vermiform.

LUMBRICOID
Lum"bri*coid, a. Etym: [Lumbricus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like an earthworm; belonging to the genus Lumbricus, or family
Lumbricidæ.

LUMBRICUS
Lum"bri*cus, n. Etym: [L. See Lumbric.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of annelids, belonging to the Oligochæta, and including
the common earthworms. See Earthworm.

LUMEN
Lu"men, n.; pl. L. Lumina (#), E. Lumens (#). [L., light, an opening
for light.]

1. (Photom.)
 (a) A unit of illumination, being the amount of illumination of a
unit area of spherical surface, due to a light of unit intensity
placed at the center of the sphere.
 (b) A unit of light flux, being the flux through one square meter of
surface the illumination of which is uniform and of unit brightness.

2.  (Biol.) An opening, space, or cavity, esp. a tubular cavity; a
vacuole.

LUMINANT
Lu"mi*nant, a.

Defn: Luminous. [R.]

LUMINARY
Lu"mi*na*ry, n.; pl. Luminaries, Etym: [F. luminaire, L. luminare a
light or lamp, which was lighted in the churches, a luminary, fr.
lumen, luminis, light, fr. lucere to be light, to shine, lux, lucis,
light. See Light.]

1. Any body that gives light, especially one of the heavenly bodies.
" Radiant luminary." Skelton.
Where the great luminary . . . Dispenses light from far. Milton.

2. One who illustrates any subject, or enlightens mankind; as, Newton
was a distinguished luminary.

LUMINATE
Lu"mi*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. luminatus, p. p. of luminare to illumine,
fr. lumen light. See Limn.]

Defn: To illuminate. [Obs.]

LUMINATION
Lu`mi*na"tion, n.

Defn: Illumination. [Obs.]

LUMINE
Lu"mine, v. i.

Defn: To illumine. [Obs.] Spenser.

LUMINESCENCE
Lu`mi*nes"cence, n. [See Luminescent.]

1. (Physics) Any emission of light not ascribable directly to
incandescence, and therefore occurring at low temperatures, as in
phosphorescence and fluorescence or other luminous radiation
resulting from vital processes, chemical action, friction, solution,
or the influence of light or of ultraviolet or cathode rays, etc.

2.  (Zoöl.)
 (a) The faculty or power of voluntarily producing light, as in the
firefly and glowworm.
 (b) The light thus produced; luminosity; phosphorescence.

LUMINESCENT
Lu`mi*nes"cent, a. [L. luminare to illuminate + -escent.] (Physics)

Defn: Shining with a light due to any of the various causes which
produce luminescence.

LUMINIFEROUS
Lu`mi*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. lumen light + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing light; yielding light; transmitting light; as, the
luminiferous ether.

LUMINOSITY
Lu`mi*nos"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being luminous; luminousness.

LUMINOUS
Lu"mi*nous, a. Etym: [L. luminosus, fr. lumen light: cf. F. lumineux.
See Luminary, Illuminate.]

1. Shining; emitting or reflecting light; brilliant; bright; as, the
is a luminous body; a luminous color.
Fire burneth wood, making it . . . luminous. Bacon.
The mountains lift . . . their lofty and luminous heads. Longfellow.

2. Illuminated; full of light; bright; as, many candles made the room
luminous.
Up the staircase moved a luminous space in the darkness. Longfellow.

3. Enlightened; intelligent; also, clear; intelligible; as, a
luminous mind. " Luminous eloquence." Macaulay. " A luminous
statement." Brougham. Luminous paint, a paint made up with some
phosphorescent substance, as sulphide of calcium, which after
exposure to a strong light is luminous in the dark for a time.

Syn.
 -- Lucid; clear; shining; perspicuous.
 -- Lu"mi*nous*ly, adv.
 -- Lu"mi*nous*ness, n.

LUMMOX
Lum"mox, n.

Defn: A fat, ungainly, stupid person; an awkward bungler. [Law.]

LUMP
Lump, n. Etym: [Cf. OD. lompe piece, mass. Cf. Lunch.]

1. A small mass of matter of irregular shape; an irregular or
shapeless mass; as, a lump of coal; a lump of iron ore. " A lump of
cheese." Piers Plowman. " This lump of clay." Shak.

2. A mass or aggregation of things.

3. (Firearms)

Defn: A projection beneath the breech end of a gun barrel. In the
lump, In a lump, the whole together; in gross.
They may buy them in the lump. Addison.
-- Lump coal, coal in large lumps; -- the largest size brought from
the mine.
 -- Lump sum, a gross sum without a specification of items; as, to
award a lump sum in satisfaction of all claims and damages.

LUMP
Lump, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Lumping.]

1. To throw into a mass; to unite in a body or sum without
distinction of particulars.
The expenses ought to be lumped together. Ayliffe.

2. To take in the gross; to speak of collectively.
Not forgetting all others, . . . whom for brevity, but out of no
resentment you, I lump all together. Sterne.

3. To get along with as one can, although displeased; as, if he does
n't like it, he can lump it. [Law]

LUMPER
Lump"er, n. Etym: [Cf. Lamper eel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European eelpout; -- called also lumpen.

LUMPER
Lump"er, n.

1. One who lumps.

2. A laborer who is employed to load or unload vessels when in
harbor.

LUMPFISH
Lump"fish`, n. Etym: [From Lump, on account of its bulkiness: cf. G.
& D. lump, F. lompe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, thick, clumsy, marine fish (Cyclopterus lumpus) of
Europe and America. The color is usually translucent sea green,
sometimes purplish. It has a dorsal row of spiny tubercles, and three
rows on each side, but has no scales. The ventral fins unite and form
a ventral sucker for adhesion to stones and seaweeds. Called also
lumpsucker, cock-paddle, sea owl.

LUMPING
Lump"ing, a.

Defn: Bulky; heavy. Arbuthnot.

LUMPISH
Lump"ish, a.

Defn: Like a lump; inert; gross; heavy; dull; spiritless. " Lumpish,
heavy, melancholy." Shak.
 -- Lump"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Lump"ish*ness, n.

LUMPSUCKER
Lump"suck`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lumprish.

LUMPY
Lump"y, a. [Compar. Lumpier; superl. Lumpiest.]

Defn: Full of lumps, or small compact masses.

LUMPY-JAW
Lump"y-jaw`. (Med.)

Defn: Actinomycosis. [Colloq.]

LUNA
Lu"na, n. Etym: [L.; akin to lucere to shine. See Light, n., and cf.
Lune.]

1. The moon.

2. (Alchemy)

Defn: Silver. Luna cornea (Old Chem.), horn silver, or fused silver
chloride, a tough, brown, translucent mass; -- so called from its
resemblance to horn. Luna moth (Zoöl.), a very large and beautiful
American moth (Actias luna). Its wings are delicate light green, with
a stripe of purple along the front edge of the anterior wings, the
other margins being edged with pale yellow. Each wing has a lunate
spot surrounded by rings of light yellow, blue, and black. The
caterpillar commonly feeds on the hickory, sassafras, and maple.

LUNACY
Lu"na*cy, n.; pl. Lunacies. Etym: [See Lunatic.]

1. Insanity or madness; properly, the kind of insanity which is
broken by intervals of reason, -- formerly supposed to be influenced
by the changes of the moon; any form of unsoundness of mind, except
idiocy; mental derangement or alienation. Brande. Burrill.
Your kindred shuns your house As beaten hence by your strange lunacy.
Shak.

2. A morbid suspension of good sense or judgment, as through
fanaticism. Dr. H. More.

Syn.
 -- Derangement; craziness; mania. See Insanity.

LUNAR
Lu"nar, a. Etym: [L. lunaris, fr. luna the moon. See Luna, and cf.
Lunary.]

1. Of or pertaining to the moon; as, lunar observations.

2. Resembling the moon; orbed. Dryden.

3. Measured by the revolutions of the moon; as, a lunar month.

4. Influenced by the moon, as in growth, character, or properties;
as, lunar herbs. Bacon. Lunar caustic (Med. Chem.), silver nitrate
prepared to be used as a cautery; -- so named because silver was
called luna by the ancient alchemists.
 -- Lunar cycle. Same as Metonic cycle. See under Cycle.
 -- Lunar distance, the angular distance of the moon from the sun, a
star, or a planet, employed for determining longitude by the lunar
method.
 -- Lunar method, the method of finding a ship's longitude by
comparing the local time of taking (by means of a sextant or circle)
a given lunar distance, with the Greenwich time corresponding to the
same distance as ascertained from a nautical almanac, the difference
of these times being the longitude.
 -- Lunar month. See Month.
 -- Lunar observation, an observation of a lunar distance by means of
a sextant or circle, with the altitudes of the bodies, and the time,
for the purpose of computing the longitude.
 -- Lunar tables. (a) (Astron.) Tables of the moon's motions,
arranged for computing the moon's true place at any time past or
future. (b) (Navigation) Tables for correcting an observed lunar
distance on account of refraction and parallax.
 -- Lunar year, the period of twelve lunar months, or 354 days, 8
hours, 48 minutes, and 34.38 seconds.

LUNAR
Lu"nar, n.

1. (Astron.)

Defn: A lunar distance.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The middle bone of the proximal series of the carpus; -- called
also semilunar, and intermedium.

LUNARIAN
Lu*na"ri*an, n. Etym: [See Lunar, Luna.]

Defn: An inhabitant of the moon.

LUNARY
Lu"na*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lunaire. See Lunar.]

Defn: Lunar. [Obs.] Fuller.

LUNARY
Lu"na*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lunaire.] (Bot.)
(a) The herb moonwort or "honesty".
(b) A low fleshy fern (Botrychium Lunaria) with lunate segments of
the leaf or frond.

LUNATE; LUNATED
Lu"nate, Lu"na*ted, a. Etym: [L. lunatus crescent-shaped, p. p. of
lunare to bend like a crescent, fr. luna the moon.]

Defn: Crescent-shaped; as, a lunate leaf; a lunate beak; a lunated
cross. Gray.

LUNATIC
Lu"na*tic, a. Etym: [F. lunatique, L. lunaticus, fr. luna the moon.
See Lunar.]

1. Affected by lunacy; insane; mad.
Lord, have mercy on my son; for he is lunatic. Wyclif (Matt. xvii.
15).

2. Of or pertaining to, or suitable for, an insane person; evincing
lunacy; as, lunatic gibberish; a lunatic asylum.

LUNATIC
Lu"na*tic, n.

Defn: A person affected by lunacy; an insane person, esp. one who has
lucid intervals; a madman; a person of unsound mind.
The lunatic, the lover, and the poet, Are of imagination all compact.
Shak.

LUNATION
Lu*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. Lunated.]

Defn: The period of a synodic revolution of the moon, or the time
from one new moon to the next; varying in length, at different times,
from about 29

LUNCH
Lunch, n. Etym: [Of uncertain etymol. Cf. Prov. Eng. nunc a lump.]

Defn: A luncheon; specifically, a light repast between breakfast and
dinner.

LUNCH
Lunch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lunched; p. pr. & vb. n. Lunching.]

Defn: To take luncheon. Smart.

LUNCHEON
Lunch"eon, n. Etym: [Prov. E. luncheon, lunchion, lunshin, a large
lump of food, fr. lunch. See Lunch.]

1. A lump of food. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A portion of food taken at any time except at a regular meal; an
informal or light repast, as between breakfast and dinner.

LUNCHEON
Lunch"eon, v. i.

Defn: To take luncheon. Beaconsfield.

LUNE
Lune, n. Etym: [L. luna moon: cf. F. lune. See Luna.]

1. Anything in the shape of a half moon. [R.]

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A figure in the form of a crescent, bounded by two intersecting
arcs of circles.

3. A fit of lunacy or madness; a period of frenzy; a crazy or
unreasonable freak. [Obs.]
These dangerous, unsafe lunes i' the king. Shak.

LUNET
Lu"net, n. Etym: [See Lunette.]

Defn: A little moon or satellite. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

LUNETTE
Lu*nette", n. Etym: [F., dim. of lune moon, L.luna. See Lune a
crescent.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A fieldwork consisting of two faces, forming a salient angle,
and two parallel flanks. See Bastion.

2. (Far.)

Defn: A half horseshoe, which wants the sponge.

3. A kind of watch crystal which is more than ordinarily flattened in
the center; also, a species of convexoconcave lens for spectacles.

4. A piece of felt to cover the eye of a vicious horse.

5. (Arch.)

Defn: Any surface of semicircular or segmental form; especially, the
piece of wall between the curves of a vault and its springing line.

6. An iron shoe at the end of the stock of a gun carriage. Lunette
window (Arch.), a window which fills or partly fills a lunette.

LUNG
Lung, n. Etym: [OE. lunge, AS. lunge, pl. lungen; akin to D. long, G.
lunge, Icel. & Sw. lunga, Dan. lunge, all prob. from the root of E.
light. See Light not heavy.] (Anat.)

Defn: An organ for aërial respiration; -- commonly in the plural.
My lungs began to crow like chanticleer. Shak.

Note: In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from
the ventral wall of the esophagus as a pouch which divides into two
sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly
this primitive saclike character, but in the higher forms the
connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and
the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in
the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending
in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a
fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less
divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the
thorax. See Respiration. Lung fever (Med.), pneumonia.
 -- Lung flower (Bot.), a species of gentian (G. Pneumonanthe).
 -- Lung lichen (Bot.), tree lungwort. See under Lungwort. Lung sac
(Zoöl.), one of the breathing organs of spiders and snails.

LUNGE
Lunge, n. Etym: [Also spelt longe, fr. allonge. See Allonge, Long.]

Defn: A sudden thrust or pass, as with a sword.

LUNGE
Lunge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lunged; p. pr. & vb. n. Lunging.]

Defn: To make a lunge.

LUNGE
Lunge, v. t.

Defn: To cause to go round in a ring, as a horse, while holding his
halter. Thackeray.

LUNGE
Lunge, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Namaycush.

LUNGED
Lunged, a.

Defn: Having lungs, or breathing organs similar to lungs.

LUNGFISH
Lung"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fish belonging to the Dipnoi; -- so called because they
have both lungs and gills.

LUNG-GROWN
Lung"-grown`, a. (Med.)

Defn: Having lungs that adhere to the pleura.

LUNGIE
Lun"gie, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A guillemot. [Written also longie.] [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Sir W.
Scott.

LUNGIS
Lun"gis, n. Etym: [OF. longis. See Lounge.]

Defn: A lingerer; a dull, drowsy fellow. [Obs.]

LUNGLESS
Lung"less, a.

Defn: Being without lungs.

LUNGOOR
Lun"goor, n. Etym: [Hind. langur.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A long-tailed monkey (Semnopithecus schislaceus), from the
mountainous districts of India.

LUNGWORM
Lung"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of parasitic nematoid worms which
infest the lungs and air passages of cattle, sheep, and other
animals, often proving fatal. The lungworm of cattle (Strongylus
micrurus) and that of sheep (S. filaria) are the best known.

LUNGWORT
Lung"wort`, n. (Bot.)
(a) An herb of the genus Pulmonaria (P. officinalis), of Europe; --
so called because the spotted appearance of the leaves resembles that
of a diseased lung.
(b) Any plant of the genus Mertensia (esp. M. Virginica and M.
Sibirica) plants nearly related to Pulmonaria. The American lungwort
is Mertensia Virginica, Virginia cowslip. Gray. Cow's lungwort
mullein.
 -- Sea lungwort, Mertensia maritima, found on the seacoast of
Northern Europe and America.
 -- Tree lungwort, a lichen (Sticta pulmonacea) growing on trees and
rocks. The thallus is lacunose, and in appearance somewhat resembles
the lungs, for diseases of which it was once thought a remedy.

LUNICURRENT
Lu"ni*cur"rent, a. Etym: [L. luna moon + E. current.]

Defn: Having relation to changes in currents that depend on the
moon's phases. Bache.

LUNIFORM
Lu"ni*form, a. Etym: [L. luna moon + -form: cf. F. luniforme.]

Defn: Resembling the moon in shape.

LUNISOLAR
Lu"ni*so"lar, a. Etym: [L. luna moon + E. solar: cf. F. lunisolaire.]

Defn: Resulting from the united action, or pertaining to the mutual
relations, of the sun and moon. Lunisolar precession (Astron.), that
portion of the annual precession of the equinoxes which depends on
the joint action of the sun and moon.
 -- Lunisolar year, a period of time, at the end of which, in the
Julian calendar, the new and full moons and the eclipses recur on the
same days of the week and month and year as in the previous period.
It consists of 532 common years, being the least common multiple of
the numbers of years in the cycle of the sun and the cycle of the
moon.

LUNISTICE
Lu"ni*stice, n. Etym: [L. luna. moon + sistere to cause to stand. Cf.
Solstice.] (Astron.)

Defn: The farthest point of the moon's northing and southing, in its
monthly revolution. [Obs.]

LUNITIDAL
Lu"ni*tid`al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to tidal movements dependent on the moon. Bache.
Lunitidal interval. See Retard, n.

LUNT
Lunt, n. Etym: [D. lont; akin to Dan. & G. lunte, Sw. lunta. Cf. Link
a torch.]

1. The match cord formerly used in firing cannon.

2. A puff of smoke. [Scotch.] Burns.

LUNULA
Lu"nu*la, n.; pl. Lunulæ. Etym: [L., prop., a little moon. See
Lunule.] (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Lunule.

LUNULAR
Lu"nu*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lunulaire. See Lunula.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having a form like that of the new moon; shaped like a
crescent.

LUNULATE; LUNULATED
Lu"nu*late, Lu"nu*la`ted, a. Etym: [See Lunula.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling a small crescent. Gray.

LUNULE
Lu"nule, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. lunula, dim. of luna moon.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Anything crescent-shaped; a crescent-shaped part or mark; a
lunula, a lune.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A lune. See Lune.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) A small or narrow crescent.
(b) A special area in front of the beak of many bivalve shells. It
sometimes has the shape of a double crescent, but is oftener heart-
shaped. See Illust. of Bivalve.

LUNULET
Lu"nu*let, n. Etym: [Dim. of lunule.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small spot, shaped like a half-moon or crescent; as, the
lunulet on the wings of many insects.

LUNULITE
Lu"nu*lite, n. Etym: [Lunule + -life: cf. F. lunulithe. See Lunula.]
(Paleon.)

Defn: Any bryozoan of the genus Lunulites, having a more or less
circular form.

LUNY
Lu"ny, a. Etym: [Shortened fr. lunatic.]

Defn: Crazy; mentally unsound. [Written also loony.] [Law, U.S.]

LUPERCAL
Lu*per"cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Lupercalia.

LUPERCAL
Lu*per"cal, n.

Defn: A grotto on the Palatine Hill sacred to Lupercus, the Lycean
Pan.

LUPERCALIA
Lu`per*ca"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [L. luperealis, fr. Lupercus the Lycean
Pan, so called fr. lupus a wolf, because he kept off the wolves.]
(Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A feast of the Romans in honor of Lupercus, or Pan.

LUPINE
Lu"pine, n. Etym: [L. lupinus, lupinum, apparently fr. lupinus
belonging to a wolf, fr. lupus a wolf; perh. so called because it was
supposed to exhaust the soil: cf. F. lupin. Cf. Wolf.] (Bot.)

Defn: A leguminous plant of the genus Lupinus, especially L. albus,
the seeds of which have been used for food from ancient times. The
common species of the Eastern United States is L. perennis. There are
many species in California.

LUPINE
Lu"pine, a. Etym: [See Lupine, n.]

Defn: Wolfish; ravenous. Gauden.

LUPININ
Lu"pin*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside found in the seeds of several species of lupine,
and extracted as a yellowish white crystalline substance.

LUPININE
Lu"pin*ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found in several species of lupine (Lupinus luteus,
L. albus, etc.), and extracted as a bitter crystalline substance.

LUPULIN
Lu"pu*lin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lupulin. See Lupuline.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter principle extracted from hops.

2. The fine yellow resinous powder found upon the strobiles or fruit
of hops, and containing this bitter principle. [Written also
lupuline.]

LUPULINE
Lu"pu*line, n. Etym: [NL. lupulus the hop, fr. L. lupus the hop: cf.
F. lupuline.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid extracted from hops as a colorless volatile liquid.

LUPULINIC
Lu`pu*lin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, hops; specifically,
designating an acid obtained by the decomposition of lupulin.

LUPUS
Lu"pus, n. Etym: [L., a wolf. See Wolf.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A cutaneous disease occurring under two distinct forms.

Note: Lupus erythematosus is characterized by an eruption of red
patches, which become incrusted, leaving superficial scars. L.
vulgaris is marked by the development of nodules which often ulcerate
deeply and produce great deformity. Formerly the latter was often
confounded with cancer, and some varieties of cancer were included
under Lupus.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The Wolf, a constellation situated south of Scorpio.

LURCATION
Lur*ca"tion, n. Etym: [See its Lurch.]

Defn: Gluttony; gormandizing. [Obs.]

LURCH
Lurch, v. i. Etym: [L. lurcare, lurcari.]

Defn: To swallow or eat greedily; to devour; hence, to swallow up.
[Obs.]
Too far off from great cities, which may hinder business; too near
them, which lurcheth all provisions, and maketh everything dear.
Bacon.

LURCH
Lurch, n. Etym: [OF. lourche name of a game; as adj., deceived,
embarrassed.]

1. An old game played with dice and counters; a variety of the game
of tables.

2. A double score in cribbage for the winner when his adversary has
been left in the lurch.
Lady --- has cried her eyes out on losing a lurch. Walpole.
To leave one in the lurch. (a) In the game of cribbage, to leave
one's adversary so far behind that the game is won before he has
scored thirty-one. (b) To leave one behind; hence, to abandon, or
fail to stand by, a person in a difficulty. Denham.
But though thou'rt of a different church, I will not leave thee in
the lurch. Hudibras.

LURCH
Lurch, v. t.

1. To leave in the lurch; to cheat. [Obs.]
Never deceive or lurch the sincere communicant. South.

2. To steal; to rob. [Obs.]
And in the brunt of seventeen battles since He lurched all swords of
the garland. Shak.

LURCH
Lurch, n. Etym: [Cf. W. llerch, llerc, a frisk, a frisking backward
or forward, a loitering, a lurking, a lurking, llercian, llerciaw, to
be idle, to frisk; or perh. fr. E. lurch to lurk.]

Defn: A sudden roll of a ship to one side, as in heavy weather;
hence, a swaying or staggering movement to one side, as that by a
drunken man. Fig.: A sudden and capricious inclination of the mind.

LURCH
Lurch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lurched; p. pr. & vb. n. Lurching.]

Defn: To roll or sway suddenly to one side, as a ship or a drunken
man.

LURCH
Lurch, v. i. Etym: [A variant of lurk.]

1. To withdraw to one side, or to a private place; to lurk.
L'Estrange.

2. To dodge; to shift; to play tricks.
I . . . am fain to shuffle, to hedge, and to lurch. Shak.

LURCHER
Lurch"er, n. Etym: [See Lurch to lurk.]

1. One that lurches or lies in wait; one who watches to pilfer, or to
betray or entrap; a poacher.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a mongrel breed of dogs said to have been a cross
between the sheep dog, greyhound, and spaniel. It hunts game
silently, by scent, and is often used by poachers.

LURCHER
Lurch"er, n. Etym: [L. lurco, lurcho, a glutton. See 1st Lurch.]

Defn: A glutton; a gormandizer. [Obs.]

LURCHLINE
Lurch"line`, n.

Defn: The line by which a fowling net was pulled over so as to
inclose the birds.

LURDAN
Lur"dan, a.

Defn: Stupid; blockish. [Obs.]

LURDAN
Lur"dan, n. Etym: [OF. lourdin, fr. lourd heavy, dull, thick-headed.
See Lord.]

Defn: A blockhead. [Obs.]

LURE
Lure, n. Etym: [OF. loire, loirre, loerre, F. leurre lure, decoy; of
German origin; cf. MHG. luoder, G. luder lure, carrion.]

1. A contrivance somewhat resembling a bird, and often baited with
raw meat; -- used by falconers in recalling hawks. Shak.

2. Any enticement; that which invites by the prospect of advantage or
pleasure; a decoy. Milton.

3. (Hat Making)

Defn: A velvet smoothing brush. Knight.

LURE
Lure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lured; p. pr. & vb. n. Luring.] Etym: [OF.
loirer, loirier, F. leurrer. See Lure, n.]

Defn: To draw to the lure; hence, to allure or invite by means of
anything that promises pleasure or advantage; to entice; to attract.
I am not lured with love. Piers Plowman.
And various science lures the learned eye. Gay.

LURE
Lure, v. i.

Defn: To recall a hawk or other animal.

LURG
Lurg, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large marine annelid (Nephthys cæca), inhabiting the sandy
shores of Europe and America. It is whitish, with a pearly luster,
and grows to the length of eight or ten inches.

LURID
Lu"rid, a. Etym: [L. luridus.]

1. Pale yellow; ghastly pale; wan; gloomy; dismal.
Fierce o'er their beauty blazed the lurid flame. Thomson.
Wrapped in drifts of lurid smoke On the misty river tide. Tennyson.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a brown color tonged with red, as of flame seen through
smoke.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of a color tinged with purple, yellow, and gray.

LURK
Lurk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lurked; p. pr. & vb. n. Lurking.] Etym:
[OE. lurken, lorken, prob. a dim. from the source of E. lower to
frown. See Lower, and cf. Lurch, a sudden roll, Lurch to lurk.]

1. To lie hid; to lie in wait.
Like wild beasts, lurking in loathsome den. Spenser.
Let us . . . lurk privily for the innocent. Prov. i. 11.

2. To keep out of sight.
The defendant lurks and wanders about in Berks. Blackstone.

LURKER
Lurk"er, n.

1. One who lurks.

2. A small fishing boat. [Prov. Eng.]

LURRY
Lur"ry, n. Etym: [W. llwry precipitant, a provision.]

Defn: A confused heap; a throng, as of persons; a jumble, as of
sounds. [Obs.]
To turn prayer into a kind of lurry. Milton.

LUSCIOUS
Lus"cious, a. Etym: [Prob. for lustious, fr. lusty, or perh. a
corruption of luxurious. Cf. Lush, Lusty.]

1. Sweet; delicious; very grateful to the taste; toothsome;
excessively sweet or rich.
And raisins keep their luscious, native taste. Dryden.

2. Cloying; fulsome.
He had a tedious, luscious way of talking. Jeffrey.

3. Gratifying a depraved sense; obscene. [R.] Steele.
 -- Lus"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Lus"cious*ness, n.

LUSERN
Lu"sern, n. Etym: [F. loup-cervier, L. lupus cervarius.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lynx. See 1st Lucern and Loup-cervier.

LUSH
Lush, a. Etym: [Prob. an abbrev. of lushious, fr. luscious.]

Defn: Full of juice or succulence. Tennyson.
How lush and lusty the grass looks! how green! Shak.

LUSHBURG
Lush"burg, n.

Defn: See Lussheburgh. [Obs.]

LUSITANIAN
Lu`si*ta"ni*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Lusitania, the ancient name of the region almost
coinciding with Portugal.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the people of Lusitania.

LUSK
Lusk, a.

Defn: Lazy; slothful. [Obs.]

LUSK
Lusk, n.

Defn: A lazy fellow; a lubber. [Obs.] T. Kendall.

LUSK
Lusk, v. i.

Defn: To be idle or unemployed. [Obs.]

LUSKISH
Lusk"ish, a.

Defn: Inclined to be lazy. Marston.
 -- Lusk"*ish*ly, adv. -Lusk"ish*ness, n. [Obs.] Spenser.

LUSORIOUS; LUSORY
Lu*so"ri*ous, Lu"so*ry, a. Etym: [L. lusorius. See Illusory.]

Defn: Used in play; sportive; playful. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.

LUSSHEBURGH
Lus"she*burgh, n.

Defn: A spurious coin of light weight imported into England from
Luxemburg, or Lussheburgh, as it was formerly called. [Obs.]
God wot, no Lussheburghes payen ye. Chaucer.

LUST
Lust, n. Etym: [AS. lust, lust, pleasure, longing; akin to OS., D.,
G., & Sw. lust, Dan. & Icel. lyst, Goth lustus, and perh. tom Skr.
lush to desire, or to E. loose. Cf. List to please, Listless.]

1. Pleasure [Obs.] " Lust and jollity." Chaucer.

2. Inclination; desire. [Obs.]
For little lust had she to talk of aught. Spenser.
My lust to devotion is little. Bp. Hall.

3. Longing desire; eagerness to possess or enjoy; -- in a had sense;
as, the lust of gain.
The lust of reigning. Milton.

4. Licentious craving; sexual appetite. Milton.

5. Hence: Virility; vigor; active power. [Obs.] Bacon.

LUST
Lust, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Lusting.] Etym:
[AS. lystan. See Lust, n., and cf. List to choose.]

1. To list; to like. [Obs.] Chaucer. " Do so if thou lust. " Latimer.

Note: In earlier usage lust was impersonal.
In the water vessel he it cast When that him luste. Chaucer.

2. To have an eager, passionate, and especially an inordinate or
sinful desire, as for the gratification of the sexual appetite or of
covetousness; -- often with after.
Whatsoever thy soul lusteth after. Deut. xii. 15.
Whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her, hath committed
adultery with her already in his heart. Matt. v. 28.
The spirit that dwelleth in us lusteth to envy. James iv. 5.

LUSTER
Lust"er, n.

Defn: One who lusts.

LUSTER; LUSTRE
Lus"ter Lus"tre, n. Etym: [L. lustrum: cf. F. lustre.]

Defn: A period of five years; a lustrum.
Both of us have closed the tenth luster. Bolingbroke.

LUSTER; LUSTRE
Lus"ter, Lus"tre, n. Etym: [F. lustre; cf. It. lustro; both fr. L.
lustrare to purify, go about (like the priests at the lustral
sacrifice), traverse, survey, illuminate, fr. lustrum a purificatory
sacrifice; perh. akin to E. loose. But lustrare to illuminate is
perh. a different word, and akin to L. lucere to be light or clear,
to shine. See Lucid, and cf. Illustrious, Lustrum.]

1. Brilliancy; splendor; brightness; glitter.
The right mark and very true luster of the diamond. Sir T. More.
The scorching sun was mounted high, In all its luster, to the noonday
sky. Addison.

Note: There is a tendency to limit the use of luster, in this sense,
to the brightness of things which do not shine with their own light,
or at least do not blaze or glow with heat. One speaks of the luster
of a diamond, or of silk, or even of the stars, but not often now of
the luster of the sun, a coal of fire, or the like.

2. Renown; splendor; distinction; glory.
His ancestors continued about four hundred years, rather without
obscurity than with any great luster. Sir H. Wotton.

3. A candlestick, chandelier, girandole, or the like, generally of an
ornamental character. Pope.

4. (Min.)

Defn: The appearance of the surface of a mineral as affected by, or
dependent upon, peculiarities of its reflecting qualities.

Note: The principal kinds of luster recognized are: metallic,
adamantine, vitreous, resinous, greasy, pearly, and silky. With
respect to intensity, luster is characterized as splendent, shining,
glistening, glimmering, and dull.

5. A substance which imparts luster to a surface, as plumbago and
some of the glazes.

6. A fabric of wool and cotton with a lustrous surface, -- used for
women's dresses. Luster ware, earthenware decorated by applying to
the glazing metallic oxides, which acquire brilliancy in the process
of baking.

LUSTER; LUSTRE
Lus"ter, Lus"tre, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lustred; p. pr. & vb. n.
Lustering, or Lustring.]

Defn: To make lustrous. [R. & Poetic]
Flooded and lustered with her loosened gold. Lowell.

LUSTERING
Lus"ter*ing, n.

1. The act or process of imparting a luster, as to pottery.

2. The brightening of a metal in the crucible when it becomes pure,
as in certain refining processes.

LUSTERLESS; LUSTRELESS
Lus"ter*less, Lus"tre*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of luster; dim; dull.

LUSTFUL
Lust"ful, a.

1. Full of lust; excited by lust Spenser. Tillotson.

2. Exciting lust; characterized by lust or sensuality. " Lustful
orgies." Milton.

3. Strong; lusty. [Obs.] " Lustful health." Sackville.

Syn.
 -- sensual; fleshly; carnal; inordinate; licentious; lewd; unchaste;
impure; libidinous; lecherous.
 -- Lust"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Lust"ful*ness, n.

LUSTIC
Lus"tic, a.

Defn: Lusty; vigorous. [Obs.]

LUSTIHEAD
Lus"ti*head, n. Etym: [Lusty + -head.]

Defn: See Lustihood. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LUSTIHOOD
Lus"ti*hood, n. Etym: [Lusty + -hood.]

Defn: State of being lusty; vigor of body. " Full of lustihood."
Tennyson.

LUSTILY
Lus"ti*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lusty or vigorous manner.

LUSTINESS
Lus"ti*ness, n.

Defn: State of being lusty; vigor; strength.

LUSTLESS
Lust"less, a. Etym: [CF. Listless.]

1. Lacking vigor; weak; spiritless. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Free from sexual lust.

LUSTRAL
Lus"tral, a. Etym: [L. lustralis, fr. lustrum: cf. F. lustral. See
Lustrum.]

1. Of or pertaining to, or used for, purification; as, lustral days;
lustral water.

2. Of or pertaining to a lustrum.

LUSTRATE
Lus"trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lustrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Lustrating.] Etym: [L. lustratus, p. p. of lustrare to lustrate, fr.
lustrum. See Lustrum.]

Defn: To make clear or pure by means of a propitiatory offering; to
purify.
We must purge, and cleanse, and lustrate the whole city. Hammond.

LUSTRATION
Lus*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. lustratio: cf. F. lustration.]

1. The act of lustrating or purifying.
And holy water for lustration bring. Dryden.

2. (Antiq.)

Defn: A sacrifice, or ceremony, by which cities, fields, armies, or
people, defiled by crimes, pestilence, or other cause of uncleanness,
were purified.

LUSTRE
Lus"tre, n.

Defn: Same as Luster.

LUSTRICAL
Lus"tri*cal, a. Etym: [L. lustricus, fr. lustrum. See Lustrum.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or used for, purification.

LUSTRING
Lus"tring, n. Etym: [F. lustrine, It. lustrino, fr. lustrare to
polish, L. lustrare. See 3d Luster, and cf. Lutestring.]

Defn: A kind of glossy silk fabric. See Lutestring.

LUSTROUS
Lus"trous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lustreux. See 3d Luster.]

Defn: Bright; shining; luminous. " Good sparks and lustrous." Shak.
 -- Lus"trous*ly, adv.

LUSTRUM
Lus"trum, n.; pl. E. Lustrums, L. Lustra. Etym: [L. Cf. 2d & 3d
Luster.]

Defn: A lustration or purification, especially the purification of
the whole Roman people, which was made by the censors once in five
years. Hence: A period of five years.

LUSTWORT
Lust"wort` n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Sundew.

LUSTY
Lust"y, a. [Compar. Lustier; superl. Lustiest.] Etym: [From Lust. See
Lust, and cf. Luscious.]

1. Exhibiting lust or vigor; stout; strong; vigorous; robust;
healthful; able of body.
Neither would their old men, so many as were yet vigorous and lusty,
be left at home. Milton.

2. Beautiful; handsome; pleasant. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. Of large size; big. [Obs.] " Three lusty vessels." Evelyn. Hence,
sometimes, pregnant. [Obs. or Prov.]

4. Lustful; lascivious. [Obs.] Milton.

LUSUS NATURAE
Lu"sus na*tu"ræ. Etym: [L., fr. lusus sport + naturae, gen. of natura
nature.]

Defn: Sport or freak of nature; a deformed or unnatural production.

LUTANIST
Lut"a*nist, n. Etym: [LL.lutanista, fr. lutana lute. See Lute the
instrument.]

Defn: A person that plays on the lute. Johnson.

LUTARIOUS
Lu*ta"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. lutarius fr. lutum mud.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, mud; living in mud. [Obs.] Grew.

LUTATION
Lu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. lutare, lutatum, to bedaub with mud, fr.
lutum mud: cf. F. lutation.]

Defn: The act or method of luting vessels.

LUTE
Lute, n. Etym: [L. lutum mud, clay: cf. OF. lut.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A cement of clay or other tenacious infusible substance for
sealing joints in apparatus, or the mouths of vessels or tubes, or
for coating the bodies of retorts, etc., when exposed to heat; --
called also luting.

2. A packing ring, as of rubber, for fruit jars, etc.

3. (Brick Making)

Defn: A straight-edged piece of wood for striking off superfluous
clay from mold.

LUTE
Lute, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Luted; p. pr. & vb. n. Luting.]

Defn: To close or seal with lute; as, to lute on the cover of a
crucible; to lute a joint.

LUTE
Lute, n. Etym: [OF. leut, F. luth; skin to Pr. laút, It. liúto,
leúto, Sp. laúd, Pg. alaude; all fr. Ar. al'; al the + ' wood,
timber, trunk or branch of a tree, staff, stick, wood of aloes, lute
or harp.] (Mus.)

Defn: A stringed instrument formerly much in use. It consists of four
parts, namely, the table or front, the body, having nine or ten ribs
or "sides," arranged like the divisions of a melon, the neck, which
has nine or ten frets or divisions, and the head, or cross, in which
the screws for tuning are inserted. The strings are struck with the
right hand, and with the left the stops are pressed.

LUTE
Lute, v. i.

Defn: To sound, as a lute. Piers Plowman. Keats.

LUTE
Lute, v. t.

Defn: To play on a lute, or as on a lute.
Knaves are men That lute and flute fantastic tenderness. Tennyson.

LUTE-BACKED
Lute"-backed`, a.

Defn: Having a curved spine.

LUTECIUM
Lu*te"ci*um, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A metallic element separated from ytterbium in 1907, by Urbain
in Paris and by von Welsbach in Vienna. Symbol, Lu; at. wt. 174.0.

LUTEIC
Lu*te"ic, a. (Chem.)
(a) Pertaining to, or derived from, weld (Reseda luteola).
(b) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid resembling luteolin, but
obtained from the flowers of Euphorbia cyparissias.

LUTEIN
Lu"te*in, n. Etym: [From corpus luteum.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A substance of a strongly marked yellow color, extracted from
the yelk of eggs, and from the tissue of the corpus luteum.

LUTENIST
Lut"e*nist, n.

Defn: Same as Lutanist.

LUTEO-
Lu"te*o-. Etym: [L. luteus.] (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form signifying orange yellow or brownish yellow.

LUTEOCOBALTIC
Lu"te*o*co*balt"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, certain compounds of cobalt
having a yellow color. Cf. Cobaltic. Luteocobaltic chloride (Chem.),
a brilliant reddish yellow crystalline compound, Co2Cl6(NH3)12,
obtained by the action of ammonium chloride on an ammoniacal solution
of cobaltic chloride.

LUTEOLIN
Lu"te*o*lin, n. Etym: [From NL. Reseda luteola, fr. L. luteolus
yellowish, fr. luteus: cf. F. lutéoline. See Luteous.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow dyestuff obtained from the foliage of the dyer's broom
(Reseda luteola).

LUTEOUS
Lu"te*ous, a. Etym: [L. luteus, fr. lutum dyer's broom, weld, which
is used as a yellow dye.]

Defn: Yellowish; more or less like buff.

LUTER
Lut"er, n. Etym: [From 3d Lute.]

Defn: One who plays on a lute.

LUTER
Lut"er, n. Etym: [From Ist Lute.]

Defn: One who applies lute.

LUTESCENT
Lu*tes"cent, a. Etym: [L. luteus yellow.]

Defn: Of a yellowish color.

LUTESTRING
Lute"string`, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. lustring.]

Defn: A plain, stout, lustrous silk, used for ladies' dresses and for
ribbon. Goldsmith.

LUTH
Luth, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The leatherback.

LUTHERAN
Lu"ther*an, a. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Luther; adhering to the doctrines of Luther
or the Lutheran Church.

LUTHERAN
Lu"ther*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who accepts or adheres to the doctrines of Luther or the
Lutheran Church.

LUTHERANISM; LUTHERISM
Lu"ther*an*ism, Lu"ther*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrines taught by Luther or held by the Lutheran Church.

LUTHERN
Lu"thern, n. Etym: [F. lucarne a dormer, dormer window, garret
window, L. lucerna lamp, fr. lucere to be light or clear, fr. lux
light. See Light, n., and cf. Lucarne.] (Arch.)

Defn: A dormer window. See Dormer.

LUTIDINE
Lu"ti*dine, n. Etym: [From toluidine, by transposition.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of several metameric alkaloids, C5H3N.(CH3)2, of the
pyridine series, obtained from bone oil as liquids, and having
peculiar pungent odors. These alkaloids are also called respectively
dimethyl pyridine, ethyl pyridine, etc.

LUTING
Lut"ing, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Lute, a cement.

LUTIST
Lut"ist, n.

Defn: One who plays on a lute.

LUTOSE
Lu*tose", a. Etym: [L. lutosus, fr. lutum mud.]

Defn: Covered with clay; miry.

LUTULENCE
Lu"tu*lence, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being lutulent.

LUTULENT
Lu"tu*lent, a. Etym: [L. lutulentus, fr. lutum mud.]

Defn: Muddy; turbid; thick. [Obs.]

LUWACK
Lu*wack", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Paradoxure.

LUX
Lux, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. luxer. See Luxate.]

Defn: To put out of joint; to luxate. [Obs.]

LUXATE
Lux"ate, a. Etym: [L. luxatus, p. p. of luxare to dislocate.]

Defn: Luxated. [Obs.]

LUXATE
Lux"ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Luxated; p. pr. & vb. n. Luxating.]

Defn: To displace, or remove from its proper place, as a joint; to
put out of joint; to dislocate.

LUXATION
Lux*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. luxatio: cf. F. luxation.]

Defn: The act of luxating, or the state of being luxated; a
dislocation.

LUXE
Luxe, n. Etym: [L. luxus: cf. F. luxe.]

Defn: Luxury. [Obs.] Shenstone. Édition de luxe (. Etym: [F.]
(Printing) A sumptuous edition as regards paper, illustrations,
binding, etc.

LUXIVE
Lux"ive, a.

Defn: Given to luxury; voluptuous. [Obs.]

LUXULLIANITE
Lux*ul"li*an*ite, n. Etym: [So called from Luxullian, in Cornwall.]
(Min.)

Defn: A kind of granite from Luxullian, Cornwall, characterized by
the presence of radiating groups of minute tourmaline crystals.

LUXURIANCE
Lux*u"ri*ance, n. Etym: [Cf. F. luxuriance.]

Defn: The state or quality of being luxuriant; rank, vigorous growth;
excessive abundance produced by rank growth. "Tropical luxuriance."
B. Taylor.

LUXURIANCY
Lux*u"ri*an*cy, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being luxuriant; luxuriance.
Flowers grow up in the garden in the greatest luxuriancy and
profusion. Spectator.

LUXURIANT
Lux*u"ri*ant, a. Etym: [L. luxurians, p. pr. of luxuriare: cf. F.
luxuriant. See Luxuriate.]

Defn: Exuberant in growth; rank; excessive; very abundant; as, a
luxuriant growth of grass; luxuriant foliage.
Prune the luxuriant, the uncouth refine. Pope.
Luxuriant flower (Bot.), one in which the floral envelopes are
overdeveloped at the expense of the essential organs.

LUXURIANTLY
Lux*u"ri*ant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a luxuriant manner.

LUXURIATE
Lux*u"ri*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Luxuriated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Luxuriating.] Etym: [L. luxuriatus, p. p. of luxuriari, -are, to
luxuriate. See Luxury.]

1. To grow exuberantly; to grow to superfluous abundance. " Corn
luxuriates in a better mold." Burton.

2. To feed or live luxuriously; as, the herds luxuriate in the
pastures.

3. To indulge with unrestrained delight and freedom; as, to luxuriate
in description.

LUXURIATION
Lux*u`ri*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process luxuriating.

LUXURIETY
Lux`u*ri"e*ty, n.

Defn: Luxuriance. [Obs.]

LUXURIOUS
Lux*u"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. luxuriosus: cf. F. luxurieux. See Luxury.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to luxury; ministering to luxury; supplied
with the conditions of luxury; as, a luxurious life; a luxurious
table; luxurious ease. " Luxurious cities. " Milton.
 -- Lux*u"ri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Lux*u"ri*ous*ness, n.

LUXURIST
Lux"u*rist, n.

Defn: One given to luxury. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

LUXURY
Lux"u*ry, n.; pl. Luxuries. Etym: [L. luxuria, fr. luxus: cf. F.
luxure.]

1. A free indulgence in costly food, dress, furniture, or anything
expensive which gratifies the appetites or tastes.
Riches expose a man to pride and luxury. Spectator.

2. Anything which pleases the senses, and is also costly, or
difficult to obtain; an expensive rarity; as, silks, jewels, and rare
fruits are luxuries; in some countries ice is a great luxury.
He cut the side of a rock for a garden, and, by laying on it earth,
furnished out a kind of luxury for a hermit. Addison.

3. Lechery; lust. [Obs.] Shak.
Luxury is in wine and drunkenness. Chaucer.

4. Luxuriance; exuberance. [Obs.] Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Voluptuousness; epicurism; effeminacy; sensuality;
lasciviousness; dainty; delicacy; gratification.

LUZ
Luz, n.

Defn: A bone of the human body which was supposed by certain
Rabbinical writers to be indestructible. Its location was a matter of
dispute. Brande & C.

-LY
-ly. Etym: [OE. -lich, AS. -lic, orig. the same word as E. li, a. See
Like, a.]

Defn: A suffix forming adjectives and adverbs, and denoting likeness
or resemblance.

LYAM
Ly"am, n. Etym: [See Leam.]

Defn: A leash. [Obs.]

LYCANTHROPE
Ly"can*thrope, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A human being fabled to have been changed into a wolf; a werewolf.

2. One affected with lycanthropy.

LYCANTHROPIA
Ly`can*thro"pi*a, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Lycanthropy, 2.

LYCANTHROPIC
Ly`can*throp"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to lycanthropy.

LYCANTHROPIST
Ly*can"thro*pist, n.

Defn: One affected by the disease lycanthropy.

LYCANTHROPOUS
Ly*can"thro*pous, a.

Defn: Lycanthropic.

LYCANTHROPY
Ly*can"thro*py, n. Etym: [Gr. lycanthropie.]

1. The supposed act of turning one's self or another person into a
wolf. Lowell.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A kind of erratic melancholy, in which the patient imagines
himself a wolf, and imitates the actions of that animal.

LYCEE
Ly`cée", n. [F. Cf. Lyceum.]

Defn: A French lyceum, or secondary school supported by the French
government, for preparing students for the university.

LYCEUM
Ly*ce"um, n.; pl. E. Lyceums, L. Lycea. Etym: [L. lyceum, Gr. Wolf.]

1. A place of exercise with covered walks, in the suburbs of Athens,
where Aristotle taught philosophy.

2. A house or apartment appropriated to instruction by lectures or
disquisitions.

3. A higher school, in Europe, which prepares youths for the
university.

4. An association for debate and literary improvement.

LYCHE
Lyche, a.

Defn: Like. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LYCHEE
Ly"chee`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Litchi.

LYCH GATE
Lych" gate`

Defn: . See under Lich.

LYCHNIS
Lych"nis, n. Etym: [L., a kind of red flower, Gr. lychni`s; cf.
ly`chnos a lamp.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of Old World plants belonging to the Pink family
(Caryophyllaceæ). Most of the species have brilliantly colored
flowers and cottony leaves, which may have anciently answered as
wicks for lamps. The botanical name is in common use for the garden
species. The corn cockle (Lychnis Githago) is a common weed in wheat
fields.

LYCHNOBITE
Lych"no*bite, n. Etym: [Gr. ly`chnos a lamp + bi`os life.]

Defn: One who labors at night and sleeps in the day.

LYCHNOSCOPE
Lych"no*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Low side window, under Low, a.

LYCINE
Lyc"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A weak base identical with betaine; -- so called because found
in the boxthorn (Lycium barbarum). See Betaine.

LYCOPERDON
Ly`co*per"don, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of fungi, remarkable for the great quantity of spores,
forming a fine dust, which is thrown out like smoke when the plant is
compressed or burst; puffball.

LYCOPOD
Ly"co*pod, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lycopode.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Lycopodium.

LYCOPODE
Ly"co*pode, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Same as Lycopodium powder. See under Lycopodium.

LYCOPODIACEOUS
Ly`co*po`di*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging, or relating, to the Lycopodiaceæ, an order of
cryptogamous plants (called also club mosses) with branching stems,
and small, crowded, one-nerved, and usually pointed leaves.

LYCOPODITE
Ly*cop"o*dite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: An old name for a fossil club moss.

LYCOPODIUM
Ly`co*po"di*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of mosslike plants, the type of the order Lycopodiaceæ;
club moss. Lycopodium powder, a fine powder or dust composed of the
spores of Lycopodium, and other plants of the order Lycopodiaceæ. It
is highly inflammable, and is sometimes used in the manufacture of
fireworks, and the artificial representation of lightning.

LYCOTROPOUS
Ly*cot"ro*pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Campylotropous.

LYDDITE
Lydd"ite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A high explosive consisting principally of picric acid, used as
a shell explosive in the British service; -- so named from the
proving grounds at Lydd, England.

LYDEN
Lyd"en, n.

Defn: See Leden. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LYDIAN
Lyd"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Lydius, fr. Lydia, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Lydia, a country of Asia Minor, or to its
inhabitants; hence, soft; effeminate; -- said especially of one of
the ancient Greek modes or keys, the music in which was of a soft,
pathetic, or voluptuous character.
Softly sweet in Lydian measures, Soon he soothed his soul to
pleasures. Dryden.
Lydian stone, a flint slate used by the ancients to try gold and
silver; a touchstone. See Basanite.

LYDINE
Lyd"ine, n. (Dyeing)

Defn: A violet dye derived from aniline.

LYE
Lye, n. [Written also lie and ley.] Etym: [AS. leáh; akin to D. loog,
OHG. louga, G. lauge; cf. Icel. laug a bath, a hot spring.]

Defn: A strong caustic alkaline solution of potassium salts, obtained
by leaching wood ashes. It is much used in making soap, etc.

LYE
Lye, n. (Railroad)

Defn: A short side line, connected with the main line; a turn-out; a
siding. [Eng.]

LYE
Lye, n.

Defn: A falsehood. [Obs.] See Lie.

LYENCEPHALA
Ly`en*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Mammalia, including the marsupials and monotremes; -
- so called because the corpus callosum is rudimentary.

LYENCEPHALOUS
Ly`en*ceph"a*lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the Lyencephala.

LYERMAN
Ly"er*man, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cicada.

LYGODIUM
Ly*go"di*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of ferns with twining or climbing fronds, bearing
stalked and variously-lobed divisions in pairs.

Note: Lygodium palmatum, much prized for indoor ornament, inhabits
shaded and moist grassy places, from Massachusetts to Virginia and
Kentucky, and sparingly southwards.

LYING
Ly"ing, p. pr. & vb. n.

Defn: of Lie, to tell a falsehood.

LYING
Ly"ing, p. pr. & vb. n.

Defn: of Lie, to be supported horizontally. Lying panel (Arch.), a
panel in which the grain of the wood is horizontal. [R.] -- Lying to
(Naut.), having the sails so disposed as to counteract each other.

LYING-IN
Ly"ing-in", n.

1. The state attending, and consequent to, childbirth; confinement.

2. The act of bearing a child.

LYINGLY
Ly"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lying manner; falsely.

LYKEN
Ly"ken, v. t. Etym: [See Like, v. t. ]

Defn: To please; -- chiefly used impersonally. [Obs.] " Sith it
lyketh you." Chaucer.

LYM; LYMHOUND
Lym, or; Lym"hound`, n.

Defn: A dog held in a leam; a bloodhound; a limehound. [Obs.] Shak.

LYMAIL
Ly*mail", n.

Defn: See Limaille. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LYME GRASS
Lyme" grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: A coarse perennial grass of several species of Elymus, esp. E.
Canadensis, and the European E. arenarius.

LYMPH
Lymph, n. Etym: [L. lympha: cf. F. lymphe.]

1. A spring of water; hence, water, or a pure, transparent liquid
like water.
A fountain bubbled up, whose lymph serene Nothing of earthly mixture
might distain. Trench.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: An alkaline colorless fluid, contained in the lymphatic
vessels, coagulable like blood, but free from red blood corpuscles.
It is absorbed from the various tissues and organs of the body, and
is finally discharged by the thoracic and right lymphatic ducts into
the great veins near the heart.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A fibrinous material exuded from the blood vessels in
inflammation. In the process of healing it is either absorbed, or is
converted into connective tissue binding the inflamed surfaces
together. Lymph corpuscles (Anat.), finely granular nucleated cells,
identical with the colorless blood corpuscles, present in the lymph
and chyle.
 -- Lymph duct (Anat.), a lymphatic.
 -- Lymph heart. See Note under Heart, n., 1.

LYMPHADENITIS
Lym`pha*de*ni"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Lymph, and Adenitis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the lymphatic glands; -- called also lymphitis.

LYMPHADENOMA
Lym`pha*de*no"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Lymph, Aden-, and -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: See Lymphoma.

LYMPHANGEITIS
Lym*phan`ge*i"tis, n. Etym: [NL., from L. lympha lymph + Gr. -itis.]
(Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels. [Written also
lymphangitis.]

LYMPHANGIAL
Lym*phan"gi*al, a. Etym: [See Lymphangeitis.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lymphatics, or lymphoid tissue;
lymphatic.

LYMPHATE; LYMPHATED
Lymph"ate, Lymph"a*ted, a. Etym: [L. lymphatus, p. p. of lymphare to
water, dilute with water, to drive out of one's senses, to make mad.]

Defn: Frightened into madness; raving. [Obs.]

LYMPHATIC
Lym*phat"ic, a. Etym: [L. lymphaticus distracted, frantic: cf. F.
lymphatique]

Defn: pertaining to, containing, or conveying lymph.

2. Madly enthusiastic; frantic. [Obs.] " Lymphatic rapture. " Sir T.
Herbert. Etym: [See Lymphate.] Lymphatic gland (Anat.), one of the
solid glandlike bodies connected with the lymphatics or the lacteals;
-- called also lymphatic ganglion, and conglobate gland.
 -- Lymphatic temperament (Old Physiol.), a temperament in which the
lymphatic system seems to predominate, that is, a system in which the
complexion lacks color and the tissues seem to be of loose texture;
hence, a temperament lacking energy, inactive, indisposed to exertion
or excitement. See Temperament.

LYMPHATIC
Lym*phat"ic, n.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the lymphatic or absorbent vessels, which carry lymph
and discharge it into the veins; lymph duct; lymphatic duct.

2. A mad enthusiast; a lunatic. [Obs.]

LYMPHITIS
Lym*phi"tis, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: See Lymphadenitis.

LYMPH NODE
Lymph node. (Anat.)

Defn: A lymphatic gland.

M.

LYMPHOGENIC
Lym`pho*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Lymph + root of L. gignere to produce.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: Connected with, or formed in, the lymphatic glands.

LYMPHOGRAPHY
Lym*phog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Lymph + -graphy.]

Defn: A description of the lymphatic vessels, their origin and uses.

LYMPHOID
Lymph"oid, a. Etym: [Lymph + -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Resembling lymph; also, resembling a lymphatic gland; adenoid;
as, lymphoid tissue.

LYMPHOMA
Lym*pho"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Lymph, and -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A tumor having a structure resembling that of a lymphatic
gland; -- called also lymphadenoma. Malignant lymphoma, a fatal
disease characterized by the formation in various parts of the body
of new growths resembling lymphatic glands in structure.

LYMPHY
Lymph"y, a.

Defn: Containing, or like, lymph.

LYN
Lyn, n.

Defn: A waterfall. See Lin. [Scot.]

LYNCEAN
Lyn*ce"an, a. Etym: [See Lynx.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lynx.

LYNCH
Lynch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lynched; p. pr. & vb. n. Lynching.] Etym:
[See Note under Lynch law.]

Defn: To inflict punishment upon, especially death, without the forms
of law, as when a mob captures and hangs a suspected person. See
Lynch law.

LYNCHER
Lynch"er, n.

Defn: One who assists in lynching.

LYNCH LAW
Lynch" law`

Defn: . The act or practice by private persons of inflicting
punishment for crimes or offenses, without due process of law.

Note: The term Lynch law is said to be derived from a Virginian named
Lynch, who took the law into his own hands. But the origin of the
term is very doubtful.

LYNDE; LYNDEN
Lynde, Lyn"den, n.

Defn: See Linden.

LYNE
Lyne, n.

Defn: Linen. [Obs.] Spenser.

LYNX
Lynx, n. Etym: [L. lynx, lyncis, Gr. lox, G. luchs, prob. named from
its sharp sight, and akin to E. light. See Light, n., and cf. Ounce
an animal.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of feline animals of the genus
Felis, and subgenus Lynx. They have a short tail, and usually a
pencil of hair on the tip of the ears.

Note: Among the well-known species are the European lynx (Felis
borealis); the Canada lynx or loup-cervier (F. Canadensis); the bay
lynx of America (F. rufa), and its western spotted variety (var.
maculata); and the pardine lynx (F. pardina) of Southern Europe.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: One of the northern constellations.

LYNX-EYED
Lynx"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having acute sight.

LYONNAISE
Ly`on`naise", a. Etym: [F. lyonnaise, fem. of lyonnais of Lyons.]
(Cookery)

Defn: Applied to boiled potatoes cut into small pieces and heated in
oil or butter. They are usually flavored with onion and parsley.

LYOPOMATA
Ly`o*po"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of brachiopods, in which the valves of shell are not
articulated by a hinge. It includes the Lingula, Discina, and allied
forms. [Written also Lyopoma.]

LYRA
Ly"ra, n. Etym: [L. lyra, Gr. Lyre.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: A northern constellation, the Harp, containing a white star of
the first magnitude, called Alpha Lyræ, or Vega.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The middle portion of the ventral surface of the fornix of the
brain; -- so called from the arrangement of the lines with which it
is marked in the human brain.

LYRAID
Ly"ra*id, n. (Astron.)

Defn: Same as Lyrid.

LYRATE; LYRATED
Ly"rate, Ly"ra*ted, a. Etym: [NL. lyratus. See Lyre.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Lyre-shaped, or spatulate and oblong, with small lobes toward
the base; as, a lyrate leaf.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Shaped like a lyre, as the tail of the blackcock, or that of
the lyre bird.

LYRE
Lyre, n. Etym: [OE. lire, OF. lyre, L. lyra, Gr. Lyra.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A stringed instrument of music; a kind of harp much used by the
ancients, as an accompaniment to poetry.

Note: The lyre was the peculiar instrument of Apollo, the tutelary
god of music and poetry. It gave name to the species of verse called
lyric, to which it originally furnished an accompaniment

2. (Astron.)

Defn: One of the constellations; Lyra. See Lyra. Lyre bat (Zoöl.), a
small bat (Megaderma lyra), inhabiting India and Ceylon. It is
remarkable for the enormous size and curious shape of the nose
membrane and ears.
 -- Lyre turtle (Zoöl.), the leatherback.

LYRE BIRD
Lyre" bird`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of two or three species of Australian birds of the
genus Menura. The male is remarkable for having the sixteen tail
feathers very long and, when spread, arranged in the form of a lyre.
The common lyre bird (Menura superba), inhabiting New South Wales, is
about the size of a grouse. Its general color is brown, with rufous
color on the throat, wings, tail coverts and tail. Called also lyre
pheasant and lyre-tail.

LYRIC; LYRICAL
Lyr"ic, Lyr"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. lyricus, Gr. lyrique. See Lyre.]

1. Of or pertaining to a lyre or harp.

2. Fitted to be sung to the lyre; hence, also, appropriate for song;
-- said especially of poetry which expresses the individual emotions
of the poet. "Sweet lyric song." Milton.

LYRIC
Lyr"ic, n.

1. A lyric poem; a lyrical composition.

2. A composer of lyric poems. [R.] Addison.

3. A verse of the kind usually employed in lyric poetry; -- used
chiefly in the plural. 4. pl.

Defn: The words of a song.

LYRICALLY
Lyr"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lyrical manner.

LYRICISM
Lyr"i*cism, n.

Defn: A lyric composition. Gray.

LYRID
Ly"rid, n. (Astron.)

Defn: One of the group of shooting stars which come into the air in
certain years on or about the 19th of April; -- so called because the
apparent path among the stars the stars if produced back wards
crosses the constellation Lyra.

LYRIE
Ly"rie, n. Etym: [Icel. hl a sort of fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European fish (Peristethus cataphractum), having the body
covered with bony plates, and having three spines projecting in front
of the nose; -- called also noble, pluck, pogge, sea poacher, and
armed bullhead.

LYRIFEROUS
Ly*rif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Lyre + -ferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a lyre-shaped shoulder girdle, as certain fishes.

LYRISM
Lyr"ism, n. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

Defn: The act of playing on a lyre or harp. G. Eliot.

LYRIST
Lyr"ist, n. Etym: [L. lyristes, Gr. lyriste.]

Defn: A musician who plays on the harp or lyre; a composer of lyrical
poetry. Shelley.

LYSIMETER
Ly*sim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the water that percolates through a
certain depth of soil. Knight.

LYSIS
Ly"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The resolution or favorable termination of a disease, coming on
gradually and not marked by abrupt change.

Note: It is usually contrasted with crisis, in which the improvement
is sudden and marked; as, pneumonia ends by crisis, typhoid fever by
lysis.

LYSSA
Lys"sa, n. Etym: [NL. See Lytta.] (Med.)

Defn: Hydrophobia.

Note: The plural (Lyssæ) has been used to signify the pustules
supposed to be developed under the tongue in hydrophobia.

LYTERIAN
Ly*te"ri*an, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Termination a disease; indicating the end of a disease.

LYTHE
Lythe, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European pollack; -- called also laith, and leet. [Scot.]

LYTHE
Lythe, a. Etym: [See Lithe, a.]

Defn: Soft; flexible. [Obs.] Spenser.

LYTHONTHRIPTIC; LYTHONTRIPTIC
Lyth`on*thrip"tic, Lyth`on*trip"*tic, a. (Med.)

Defn: See Lithontriptic.

LYTTA
Lyt"ta, n.; pl. Lyttæ. Etym: [L., a worm said to grow under the
tongue of dogs, and to cause canine madness, fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A fibrous and muscular band lying within the longitudinal axis
of the tongue in many mammals, as the dog.

M
M (em).

1. M, the thirteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal
consonant, and from the manner of its formation, is called the labio-
nasal consonant. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 178-180, 242.

The letter M came into English from the Greek, through the Latin, the
form of the Greek letter being further derived from the Phonician,
and ultimately, it is believed, from the Egyptian. Etymologically M
is related to n, in lime, linden; emmet, ant; also to b.

M is readily followed by b and p. the position of the lips in the
formation of both letters being the same. The relation of b and m is
the same as that of d and t to n. and that of g and k to ng.

2. As a numeral, M stands for one thousand, both in English and
Latin.

M
M, n.

1. (Print.) A quadrat, the face or top of which is a perfect square;
also, the size of such a square in any given size of type, used as
the unit of measurement for that type: 500 m's of pica would be a
piece of matter whose length and breadth in pica m's multiplied
together produce that number. [Written also em.]

2. (law) A brand or stigma, having the shape of an M, formerly
impressed on one convicted of manslaughter and admitted to the
benefit of clergy.

M roof (Arch.), a kind of roof formed by the junction of two common
roofs with a valley between them, so that the section resembles the
letter M.

MA
Ma (mä), n. [Cf. Mamma.]

1. A child's word for mother.

2. [Hind.] In Oriental countries, a respectful form of address given
to a woman; mother. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

MA
Ma, conj. [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: But; -- used in cautionary phrases; as, "Vivace, ma non troppo
presto" (i. e., lively, but not too quick). Moore (Encyc. of Music).

MAA
Maa, n. [See New a gull.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common European gull (Larus canus); -- called also mar. See
New, a gull.

MAAD
Maad, obs. p. p. of Make.

Defn: Made.  Chaucer.

MAALIN
Maa"lin, n. (Zoöl.)
 (a) The sparrow hawk.
 (b) The kestrel.

MA'AM
Ma'am, n.

Defn: Madam; my lady; -- a colloquial contraction of madam often used
in direct address, and sometimes as an appellation.

MAARA SHELL
Ma"a*ra shell`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, pearly, spiral, marine shell (Turbo margaritaceus),
from the Pacific Islands. It is used as an ornament.

MAASHA
Ma*ash"a, n.

Defn: An East Indian coin, of about one tenth of the weight of a
rupee.

MAAT
Maat, a. [See Mate, a.]

Defn: Dejected; sorrowful; downcast. [Obs.] "So piteous and so maat."
Chaucer.

MAB
Mab (mab), n. [Cf. W. mad a male child, a boy.]

1. A slattern. [Prov. Eng.]

2. The name of a female fairy, esp. the queen of the fairies; and
hence, sometimes, any fairy. Shak.

MABBLE
Mab"ble, v. t.

Defn: To wrap up. [Obs.]

MABBY
Mab"by, n.

Defn: A spirituous liquor or drink distilled from potatoes; -- used
in the Barbadoes.

MABOLO
Ma*bo"lo, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of persimmon tree (Diospyros discolor) from the
Philippine Islands, now introduced into the East and West Indies. It
bears an edible fruit as large as a quince.

MAC
Mac. [Gael., son.]

Defn: A prefix, in names of Scotch origin, signifying son.

MACACO
Ma*ca"co, n. [Cf. Pg. macaco.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of lemurs, as the ruffed lemur
(Lemur macaco), and the ring-tailed lemur (L. catta).

MACACUS
Ma*ca"cus, n. [NL., a word of African origin.  Cf. Macaco, Macaque.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of monkeys, found in Asia and the East Indies. They
have short tails and prominent eyebrows.

MACADAMIZATION
Mac*ad`am*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The process or act of macadamizing.

MACADAMIZE
Mac*ad"am*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Macadamized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Macadamizing.] [From John Loudon McAdam, who introduced the process
into Great Britain in 1816.]

Defn: To cover, as a road, or street, with small, broken stones, so
as to form a smooth, hard, convex surface.

MACADAM ROAD
Mac*ad"am road`. [See Macadamize.]

Defn: A macadamized road.

MACAO
Ma*ca"o, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A macaw.

MACAQUE
Ma`caque", n. [F. See Macacus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of short-tailed monkeys of the genus
Macacus; as, M. maurus, the moor macaque of the East Indies.

MACARANGA GUM
Mac`a*ran"ga gum`.

Defn: A gum of a crimson color, obtained from a tree (Macaranga
Indica) that grows in the East Indies. It is used in taking
impressions of coins, medallions, etc., and sometimes as a medicine.
Balfour (Cyc. of India).

MACARIZE
Mac"a*rize, v. t. [Gr.  to bless.]

Defn: To congratulate. [Oxford Univ. Cant]  Whately.

MACARONI
Mac`a*ro"ni, n.; pl. Macaronis (#), or Macaronies. [Prov. It.
macaroni, It. maccheroni, fr. Gr.  happiness, later, a funeral feast,
fr.  blessed, happy. Prob. so called because eaten at such feasts in
honor of the dead; cf. Gr.  blessed, i. e., dead.  Cf. Macaroon.]

1. Long slender tubes made of a paste chiefly of wheat flour, and
used as an article of food; Italian or Genoese paste.

 A paste similarly prepared is largely used as food in Persia, India,
and China, but is not commonly made tubular like the Italian
macaroni.  Balfour (Cyc. of India).

2. A medley; something droll or extravagant.

3. A sort of droll or fool. [Obs.] Addison.

4. A finical person; a fop; -- applied especially to English fops of
about 1775. Goldsmith.

5. pl. (U. S. Hist.) The designation of a body of Maryland soldiers
in the Revolutionary War, distinguished by a rich uniform.  W.
Irving.

MACARONIAN; MACARONIC
Mac`a*ro"ni*an, Mac`a*ron"ic, a. [Cf. It. maccheronico, F.
macaronique.]

1. Pertaining to, or like, macaroni (originally a dish of mixed
food); hence, mixed; confused; jumbled.

2. Of or pertaining to the burlesque composition called macaronic;
as, macaronic poetry.

MACARONIC
Mac`a*ron"ic, n.

1. A heap of thing confusedly mixed together; a jumble.

2. A kind of burlesque composition, in which the vernacular words of
one or more modern languages are intermixed with genuine Latin words,
and with hybrid formed by adding Latin terminations to other roots.

MACAROON
Mac`a*roon", n. [F. macaron, It. maccherone. See Macaroni.]

1. A small cake, composed chiefly of the white of eggs, almonds, and
sugar.

2. A finical fellow, or macaroni. [Obs.]

MACARTNEY
Ma*cart"ney, n. [From Lord Macartney.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fire-backed pheasant. See Fireback.

MACASSAR OIL
Ma*cas`sar oil".

Defn: A kind of oil formerly used in dressing the hair; -- so called
because originally obtained from Macassar, a district of the Island
of Celebes. Also, an imitation of the same, of perfumed castor oil
and olive oil.

MACAUCO
Ma*cau"co, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small lemurs, as Lemur murinus,
which resembles a rat in size.

MACAVAHU
Ma`ca*va"hu, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small Brazilian monkey (Callithrix torquatus), -- called also
collared teetee.

MACAW
Ma*caw", n. [From the native name in the Antilles.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any parrot of the genus Sittace, or Macrocercus. About eighteen
species are known, all of them American. They are large and have a
very long tail, a strong hooked bill, and a naked space around the
eyes. The voice is harsh, and the colors are brilliant and strongly
contrasted.

Macaw bush (Bot.), a West Indian name for a prickly kind of
nightshade (Solanum mammosum). --Macaw palm, Macaw tree (Bot.), a
tropical American palm (Acrocomia fusiformis and other species)
having a prickly stem and pinnately divided leaves. Its nut yields a
yellow butter, with the perfume of violets, which is used in making
violet soap. Called also grugru palm.

MACCABEAN
Mac`ca*be"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Judas Maccabeus or to the Maccabees; as,
the Maccabean princes; Maccabean times.

MACCABEES
Mac"ca*bees, n. pl.

1. The name given in later times to the Asmonæans, a family of Jewish
patriots, who headed a religious revolt in the reign of Antiochus
IV., 168-161 B. C., which led to a period of freedom for Israel.
Schaff-Herzog.

2. The name of two ancient historical books, which give accounts of
Jewish affairs in or about the time of the Maccabean princes, and
which are received as canonical books in the Roman Catholic Church,
but are included in the Apocrypha by Protestants. Also applied to
three books, two of which are found in some MSS. of the Septuagint.

MACCABOY; MACCOBOY
Mac"ca*boy, Mac"co*boy, n. Etym: [From a district in the Island of
Martinique where it is made: cf. F. macouba.]

Defn: A kind of snuff.

MACCO
Mac"co, n.

Defn: A gambling game in vogue in the eighteenth century. Thackeray.

MACE
Mace, n. Etym: [Jav. & Malay. mas, fr. Skr. masha a bean.]

Defn: A money of account in China equal to one tenth of a tael; also,
a weight of 57.98 grains. S. W. Williams.

MACE
Mace, n. Etym: [F. macis, L. macis, macir, Gr. makaranda the nectar
or honey of a flower, a fragrant mango.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of spice; the aril which partly covers nutmegs. See
Nutmeg.

Note: Red mace is the aril of Myristica tingens, and white mace that
of M. Otoba, -- East Indian trees of the same genus with the nutmeg
tree.

MACE
Mace, n. Etym: [OF. mace, F. masse, from (assumed) L. matea, of which
the dim. mateola a kind of mallet or beetle, is found.]

1. A heavy staff or club of metal; a spiked club; -- used as weapon
in war before the general use of firearms, especially in the Middle
Ages, for breaking metal armor. Chaucer.
Death with his mace petrific . . . smote. Milton.

2. Hence: A staff borne by, or carried before, a magistrate as an
ensign of his authority. "Swayed the royal mace." Wordsworth.

3. An officer who carries a mace as an emblem of authority. Macaulay.

4. A knobbed mallet used by curriers in dressing leather to make it
supple.

5. (Billiards)

Defn: A rod for playing billiards, having one end suited to resting
on the table and pushed with one hand. Mace bearer, an officer who
carries a mace before person in authority.

MACEDOINE
Ma`cé`doine", n. [F., apparently the same word as Macédoine
Macedonia.]

Defn: A kind of mixed dish, as of cooked vegetables with white sauce,
sweet jelly with whole fruit, etc. Also, fig., a medley.

MACEDONIAN
Mac`e*do"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Macedonius, Gr. (Geog.)

Defn: Belonging, or relating, to Macedonia.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Macedonia.

MACEDONIAN
Mac`e*do"ni*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a certain religious sect, followers of Macedonius,
Bishop of Constantinople, in the fourth century, who held that the
Holy Ghost was a creature, like the angels, and a servant of the
Father and the Son.

MACEDONIANISM
Mac`e*do"ni*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrines of Macedonius.

MACER
Ma"cer, n. Etym: [F. massier. See Mace staff.]

Defn: A mace bearer; an officer of a court. P. Plowman.

MACERATE
Mac"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Macerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Macerating.] Etym: [L. maceratus, p. p. of macerare to make soft,
weaken, enervate; cf. Gr.

1. To make lean; to cause to waste away. [Obs. or R.] Harvey.

2. To subdue the appetites of by poor and scanty diet; to mortify.
Baker.

3. To soften by steeping in a liquid, with or without heat; to wear
away or separate the parts of by steeping; as, to macerate animal or
vegetable fiber.

MACERATER
Mac"er*a`ter, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, macerates; an apparatus for converting
paper or fibrous matter into pulp.

MACERATION
Mac`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. maceratio: cf. F. macération.]

Defn: The act or process of macerating.

MACHAERODUS; MACHAIRODUS
Ma*chæ"ro*dus, Ma*chai"ro*dus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct mammals allied to the cats, and having in
the upper jaw canine teeth of remarkable size and strength; -- hence
called saber-toothed tigers.

MACHETE
Ma*che"te, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A large heavy knife resembling a broadsword, often two or three
feet in length, -- used by the inhabitants of Spanish America as a
hatchet to cut their way through thickets, and for various other
purposes. J. Stevens.

MACHIAVELIAN
Mach`i*a*vel"ian, a. Etym: [From Machiavel, an Italian writer,
secretary and historiographer to the republic of Florence.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Machiavel, or to his supposed principles;
politically cunning; characterized by duplicity or bad faith; crafty.

MACHIAVELIAN
Mach`i*a*vel"ian, n.

Defn: One who adopts the principles of Machiavel; a cunning and
unprincipled politician.

MACHIAVELISM; MACHIAVELIANISM
Mach"i*a*vel*ism, Mach`i*a*vel"ian*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F.
machiavélisme; It. machiavellismo.]

Defn: The supposed principles of Machiavel, or practice in conformity
to them; political artifice, intended to favor arbitrary power.

MACHICOLATED
Ma*chic"o*la`ted, a. Etym: [LL. machicolatus, p. p. of machicolare,
machicollare. See Machicolation.]

Defn: Having machicolations. "Machicolated turrets." C. Kingsley.

MACHICOLATION
Mach`i*co*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. machicolamentum, machacolladura,
F. mâchicolis, mâchecoulis; perh. fr. F. mèche match, combustible
matter + OF. coulis, couleis, flowing, fr. OF. & F. couler to flow.
Cf. Match for making fire, and Cullis.]

1. (Mil. Arh.)

Defn: An opening between the corbels which support a projecting
parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal,
shooting or dropping missiles upen assailants attacking the base of
the walls. Also, the construction of such defenses, in general, when
of this character. See Illusts. of Battlement and Castle.

2. The act of discharging missiles or pouring burning or melted
substances upon assailants through such apertures.

MACHICOULIS
Ma`chi`cou`lis", n. Etym: [F. mâchicoulis.] (Mil. Arch.)

Defn: Same as Machicolation.

MACHINAL
Ma*chin"al, a. Etym: [L. machinalis: cf. F. machinal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to machines.

MACHINATE
Mach"i*nate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Machinated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Machinating.] Etym: [L. machinatus, p. p. of machinari to devise,
plot. See Machine.]

Defn: To plan; to contrive; esp., to form a scheme with the purpose
of doing harm; to contrive artfully; to plot. "How long will you
machinate!" Sandys.

MACHINATE
Mach"i*nate, v. t.

Defn: To contrive, as a plot; to plot; as, to machinate evil.

MACHINATION
Mach`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. machinatio: cf. F. machination.]

1. The act of machinating. Shak.

2. That which is devised; a device; a hostile or treacherous scheme;
an artful design or plot.
Devilish machinations come to naught. Milton.
His ingenious machinations had failed. Macaulay.

MACHINATOR
Mach"i*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who machinates, or forms a scheme with evil designs; a
plotter or artful schemer. Glanvill. Sir W. Scott.

MACHINE
Ma*chine", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. machina machine, engine, device,
trick, Gr. Mechanic.]

1. In general, any combination of bodies so connected that their
relative motions are constrained, and by means of which force and
motion may be transmitted and modified, as a screw and its nut, or a
lever arranged to turn about a fulcrum or a pulley about its pivot,
etc.; especially, a construction, more or less complex, consisting of
a combination of moving parts, or simple mechanical elements, as
wheels, levers, cams, etc., with their supports and connecting
framework, calculated to constitute a prime mover, or to receive
force and motion from a prime mover or from another machine, and
transmit, modify, and apply them to the production of some desired
mechanical effect or work, as weaving by a loom, or the excitation of
electricity by an electrical machine.

Note: The term machine is most commonly applied to such pieces of
mechanism as are used in the industrial arts, for mechanically
shaping, dressing, and combining materials for various purposes, as
in the manufacture of cloth, etc. Where the effect is chemical, or
other than mechanical, the contrivance is usually denominated an
apparatus, not a machine; as, a bleaching apparatus. Many large,
powerful, or specially important pieces of mechanism are called
engines; as, a steam engine, fire engine, graduating engine, etc.
Although there is no well-settled distinction between the terms
engine and machine among practical men, there is a tendency to
restrict the application of the former to contrivances in which the
operating part is not distinct from the motor.

2. Any mechanical contrivance, as the wooden horse with which the
Greeks entered Troy; a coach; a bicycle. Dryden. Southey. Thackeray.

3. A person who acts mechanically or at will of another.

4. A combination of persons acting together for a common purpose,
with the agencies which they use; as, the social machine.
The whole machine of government ought not to bear upon the people
with a weight so heavy and oppressive. Landor.

5. A political organization arranged and controlled by one or more
leaders for selfish, private or partisan ends. [Political Cant]

6. Supernatural agency in a poem, or a superhuman being introduced to
perform some exploit. Addison. Elementary machine, a name sometimes
given to one of the simple mechanical powers. See under Mechanical.
 -- Infernal machine. See under Infernal.
 -- Machine gun.See under Gun.
 -- Machine screw, a screw or bolt adapted for screwing into metal,
in distinction from one which is designed especially to be screwed
into wood.
 -- Machine shop, a workshop where machines are made, or where metal
is shaped by cutting, filing, turning, etc.
 -- Machine tool, a machine for cutting or shaping wood, metal, etc.,
by means of a tool; especially, a machine, as a lathe, planer,
drilling machine, etc., designed for a more or less general use in a
machine shop, in distinction from a machine for producing a special
article as in manufacturing.
 -- Machine twist, silken thread especially adapted for use in a
sewing machine.
 -- Machine work, work done by a machine, in contradistinction to
that done by hand labor.

MACHINE
Ma*chine", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Machined; p. pr. & vb. n. Machining.]

Defn: To subject to the action of machinery; to effect by aid of
machinery; to print with a printing machine.

MACHINER
Ma*chin"er, n.

Defn: One who or operates a machine; a machinist. [R.]

MACHINERY
Ma*chin"er*y, n. Etym: [From Machine: cf. F. machinerie.]

1. Machines, in general, or collectively.

2. The working parts of a machine, engine, or instrument; as, the
machinery of a watch.

3. The supernatural means by which the action of a poetic or
fictitious work is carried on and brought to a catastrophe; in an
extended sense, the contrivances by which the crises and conclusion
of a fictitious narrative, in prose or verse, are effected.
The machinery, madam, is a term invented by the critics, to signify
that part which the deities, angels, or demons, are made to act in a
poem. Pope.

4. The means and appliances by which anything is kept in action or a
desired result is obtained; a complex system of parts adapted to a
purpose.
An indispensable part of the machinery of state. Macaulay.
The delicate inflexional machinery of the Aryan languages. I. Taylor
(The Alphabet).

MACHINING
Ma*chin"ing, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the machinery of a poem; acting or used as
a machine.[Obs.] Dryden.

MACHINIST
Ma*chin"ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. machiniste.]

1. A constrictor of machines and engines; one versed in the
principles of machines.

2. One skilled in the use of machine tools.

3. A person employed to shift scenery in a theater.

MACHO
Ma"cho, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The striped mullet of California (Mugil cephalus, or
Mexicanus).

MACILENCY
Mac"i*len*cy, n. Etym: [See Macilent.]

Defn: Leanness.[Obs.] Sandys.

MACILENT
Mac"i*lent, a. Etym: [L. macilentus, fr. macies leanness, macere to
be lean.]

Defn: Lean; thin. [Obs.] Bailey.

MACINTOSH
Mac"in*tosh, n.

Defn: Same as Mackintosh.

MACKEREL
Mack"er*el, n. Etym: [OF. maquerel, F. maquereau, fr. D. makelaar
mediator, agent, fr. makelen to act as agent.]

Defn: A pimp; also, a bawd. [Obs.] Halliwell.

MACKEREL
Mack`er*el, n. Etym: [OF. maquerel, F. maquereau (LL. macarellus),
prob. for maclereau, fr. L. macula a spot, in allusion to the
markings on the fish. See Mail armor.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of the genus Scomber, and of several related
genera. They are finely formed and very active oceanic fishes. Most
of them are highly prized for food.

Note: The common mackerel (Scomber scombrus), which inhabits both
sides of the North Atlantic, is one of the most important food
fishes. It is mottled with green and blue. The Spanish mackerel
(Scomberomorus maculatus), of the American coast, is covered with
bright yellow circular spots. Bull mackerel, Chub mackerel. (Zoöl.)
See under Chub.
 -- Frigate mackerel. See under Frigate.
 -- Horse mackerel . See under Horse.
 -- Mackerel bird (Zoöl.), the wryneck; -- so called because it
arrives in England at the time when mackerel are in season.
 -- Mackerel cock (Zoöl.), the Manx shearwater; -- so called because
it precedes the appearance of the mackerel on the east coast of
Ireland.
 -- Mackerel guide. (Zoöl.) See Garfish (a).
 -- Mackerel gull (Zoöl.) any one of several species of gull which
feed upon or follow mackerel, as the kittiwake.
 -- Mackerel midge (Zoöl.), a very small oceanic gadoid fish of the
North Atlantic. It is about an inch and a half long and has four
barbels on the upper jaw. It is now considered the young of the genus
Onos, or Motella.
 -- Mackerel plow, an instrument for creasing the sides of lean
mackerel to improve their appearance. Knight.
 -- Mackerel shark (Zoöl.), the porbeagle.
 -- Mackerel sky, or Mackerel-back sky, a sky flecked with small
white clouds; a cirro-cumulus. See Cloud.
Mackerel sky and mare's-tails Make tall ships carry low sails. Old
Rhyme.

MACKINAW BLANKET; MACKINAW
Mack"i*naw blan"ket, Mack"i*naw.Etym: [From Mackinac,the State of
Michigan, where blankets and other stores were distributed to the
Indians.]

Defn: A thick blanket formerly in common use in the western part of
the United States.

MACKINAW BOAT
Mack"i*naw boat.

Defn: A flat-bottomed boat with a pointed prow and square stern,
using oars or sails or both, used esp. on the upper Great Lakes and
their tributaries.

MACKINAW COAT
Mackinaw coat.

Defn: A short, heavy, double-breasted plaid coat, the design of which
is large and striking. [Local, U. S.]

MACKINAW TROUT
Mackinaw trout.

Defn: The namaycush.

MACKINTOSH
Mack"in*tosh, n.

Defn: A waterproof outer garment; -- so called from the name of the
inventor.

MACKLE
Mac`kle, n. Etym: [See Macle.]

Defn: Same Macule.

MACKLE
Mac"kle, v. t. & i.

Defn: To blur, or be blurred, in printing, as if there were a double
impression.

MACLE
Ma"cle, n. Etym: [L. macula a spot: cf. F. macle. Cf. Mackle,
Mascle.] (Min.)
(a) Chiastolite; -- so called from the tessellated appearance of a
cross section. See Chiastolite.
(b) A crystal having a similar tessellated appearance.
(c) A twin crystal.

MACLED
Ma"cled, a.

1. (Min.)
(a) Marked like macle (chiastolite).
(b) Having a twin structure. See Twin, a.

2. See Mascled.

MACLUREA
Ma*clu"re*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named from William Maclure, the
geologist.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of spiral gastropod shells, often of large size,
characteristic of the lower Silurian rocks.

MACLURIN
Ma*clu"rin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Morintannic.

MACRAME LACE
Mac"ra*me lace".

Defn: A coarse lace made of twine, used especially in decorating
furniture.

MACRENCEPHALIC; MACRENCEPHALOUS
Mac`ren*ce*phal"ic, Mac`ren*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Macro +
encephalic, encephalous.]

Defn: Having a large brain.

MACRO-
Mac"ro-. Etym: [Gr. makro`s, adj.]

Defn: A combining form signifying long, large, great; as
macrodiagonal, macrospore.

MACROBIOTIC
Mac`ro*bi*ot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. macrobiotique.]

Defn: Long-lived. Dunglison.

MACROBIOTICS
Mac`ro*bi*ot"ics, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The art of prolonging life.

MACROCEPHALOUS
Mac`ro*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Macro + Gr. kefalh` the head.]

1. Having a large head.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the cotyledons of a dicotyledonous embryo confluent, and
forming a large mass compared with the rest of the body. Henslow.

MACRO-CHEMISTRY
Mac`ro-chem"is*try, n. Etym: [Macro- + chemistry.] (Chem.)

Defn: The science which treats of the chemical properties, actions or
relations of substances in quantity; -- distinguished from micro-
chemistry.

MACROCHIRES
Mac`ro*chi"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of birds including the swifts and humming birds. So
called from the length of the distal part of the wing.

MACROCOSM
Mac"ro*cosm, n. Etym: [Macro- + Gr. macrocosme.]

Defn: The great world; that part of the universe which is exterior to
man; -- contrasted with microcosm, or man. See Microcosm.

MACROCOSMIC
Mac`ro*cos"mic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the macrocosm. Tylor.

MACROCYSTIS
Mac`ro*cys"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Macro-, and Cyst.] (Bot.)

Defn: An immensely long blackish seaweed of the Pacific (Macrocystis
pyrifera), having numerous almond-shaped air vessels.

MACRODACTYL
Mac`ro*dac"tyl, n. Etym: [Gr. macrodactyle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of wading birds (Macrodactyli) having very long
toes. [Written also macrodactyle.]

MACRODACTYLIC; MACRODACTYLOUS
Mac`ro*dac*tyl"ic, Mac`ro*dac"tyl*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having long toes.

MACRODIAGONAL
Mac`ro*di*ag"o*nal, n. Etym: [Macro- + diagonal.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: The longer of two diagonals, as of a rhombic prism. See
Crystallization.

MACRODOME
Mac"ro*dome, n. Etym: [Macro- + dome.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A dome parallel to the longer lateral axis of an orthorhombic
crystal. See Dome, n., 4.

MACRODONT
Mac"ro*dont, a. Etym: [Macro- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having large teeth.
 -- n.

Defn: A macrodont animal.

MACROFARAD
Mac"ro*far`ad, n. Etym: [Macro- + farad.] (Elec.)

Defn: See Megafarad. [R.]

MACROGLOSSIA
Mac`ro*glos"si*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Macro-, and Glossa.] (Med.)

Defn: Enlargement or hypertrophy of the tongue.

MACROGNATHIC
Mac`rog*nath"ic, a. Etym: [Macro- + gnathic.] (Anthropol.)

Defn: Long-jawed. Huxley.

MACROGRAPH
Mac"ro*graph, n.  [Macro- + -graph.]

Defn: A picture of an object as seen by the naked eye (that is,
unmagnified); as, a macrograph of a metallic fracture.

MACROGRAPHY
Ma*crog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: Examination or study with the naked eye, as distinguished from
micrography.

MACROLOGY
Ma*crol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. macrologia, Gr. macrologie.]

Defn: Long and tedious talk without much substance; superfluity of
words.

MACROMETER
Ma*crom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Macro- + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for determining the size or distance of
inaccessible objects by means of two reflectors on a common sextant.

MACRON
Ma"cron, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Pron.)

Defn: A short, straight, horizontal mark [-], placed over vowels to
denote that they are to be pronounced with a long sound; as, a, in
dame; e, in seam, etc.

MACROPETALOUS
Mac`ro*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Macro- + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having long or large petals.

MACROPHYLLOUS
Ma*croph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Macro- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having long or large leaves.

MACROPINACOID
Mac`ro*pin"a*coid, n. Etym: [Macro- + pinacoid.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: One of the two planes of an orthorhombic crystal which are
parallel to the vertical and longer lateral (macrodiagonal) axes.

MACROPOD
Mac"ro*pod, n. Etym: [Macro- + -pod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of a group of maioid crabs remarkable for the length of
their legs; -- called also spider crab.

MACROPODAL
Ma*crop"o*dal, a.

Defn: Having long or large feet, or a long stem.

MACROPODIAN
Mac`ro*po"di*an, n.

Defn: A macropod.

MACROPODOUS
Ma*crop"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having long legs or feet.

MACROPRISM
Mac"ro*prism, n. Etym: [Macro- + prism.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A prism of an orthorhombic crystal between the macropinacoid
and the unit prism; the corresponding pyramids are called
macropyramids.

MACROPTERES
Ma*crop"te*res, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of birds; the Longipennes.

MACROPTEROUS
Ma*crop"ter*ous, a. Etym: [See Macropteres.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having long wings.

MACROPUS
Mac"ro*pus, n. Etym: [NL. See Macropod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: genus of marsupials including the common kangaroo.

MACROPYRAMID
Mac`ro*pyr"a*mid, n. Etym: [Macro- + pyramid.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: See Macroprism.

MACROSCOPIC; MACROSCOPICAL
Mac`ro*scop"ic, Mac`ro*scop"ic*al, a. Etym: [Macro- + Gr.

Defn: Visible to the unassisted eye; -- as opposed to microscopic.
 -- Mac`ro*scop"ic*al*ly, adv.

MACROSPORANGIUM
Mac`ro*spo*ran"gi*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Macro-, and Sporangium.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A sporangium or conceptacle containing only large spores; --
opposed to microsporangium. Both are found in the genera Selaginella,
Isoctes, and Marsilia, plants remotely allied to ferns.

MACROSPORE
Mac"ro*spore, n. Etym: [Macro- + spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the specially large spores of certain flowerless plants,
as Selaginella, etc.

MACROSPORIC
Mac`ro*spor"ic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to macrospores.

MACROTONE
Mac"ro*tone, n. Etym: [Gr. Macro-, and Tone.] (Pron.)

Defn: Same as Macron.

MACROTOUS
Ma*cro"tous, a. Etym: [Macro- + Gr. o"y^s, gen. 'wto`s, the ear.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Large-eared.

MACROURA; MACROURAL
Ma*crou"ra, n. pl., Ma*crou"ral (, a., etc. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Macrura, Macrural, etc.

MACROZOOSPORE; MACROZOOESPORE
Mac`ro*zo"ö*spore, n. Etym: [Macro- + zoöspore.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large motile spore having four vibratile cilia; -- found in
certain green algæ.

MACRURA
Ma*cru"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A subdivision of decapod Crustacea, having the abdomen largely
developed. It includes the lobster, prawn, shrimp, and many similar
forms. Cf. Decapoda.

MACRURAL
Ma*cru"ral, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Macrurous.

MACRURAN
Ma*cru"ran, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Macrura.

MACRUROID
Ma*cru"roid, a. Etym: [Macrura + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the Macrura.

MACRUROUS
Ma*cru"rous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Macrura; having a long tail.

MACTATION
Mac*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. mactatio, fr. macture to slay, sacrifice.]

Defn: The act of killing a victim for sacrifice. [Obs.]

MACTRA
Mac"tra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine bivalve shell of the genus Mactra, and allied
genera. Many species are known. Some of them are used as food, as
Mactra stultorum, of Europe. See Surf clam, under Surf.

MACULA
Mac"u*la, n.; pl. Maculæ. Etym: [L., spot, stain, blot. See Mail
armor, and cf. Mackle, Macule.]

1. A spot, as on the skin, or on the surface of the sun or of some
other luminous orb.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rather large spot or blotch of color.

MACULATE
Mac"u*late, v. t. Etym: [L. maculatus, p. p. of maculare to spot. See
Macula, and cf. Macule, v.]

Defn: To spot; to stain; to blur.
Maculate the honor of their people. Sir T. Elyot.

MACULATE
Mac"u*late, a. Etym: [L. maculatus, p. p.]

Defn: Marked with spots or maculæ; blotched; hence, defiled; impure;
as, most maculate thoughts. Shak.

MACULATED
Mac"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: Having spots or blotches; maculate.

MACULATION
Mac"u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. maculatio.]

Defn: The act of spotting; a spot; a blemish. Shak.

MACULATORY
Mac"u*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Causing a spot or stain. T. Adams.

MACULATURE
Mac"u*la*ture, n

Defn: , Blotting paper. [Obs.]

MACULE
Mac"ule, n. Etym: [F. macule. See Macula.]

1. A spot. [Obs.]

2. (Print.)

Defn: A blur, or an appearance of a double impression, as when the
paper slips a little; a mackle.

MACULE
Mac"ule, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. maculer. See Maculate,v.]

Defn: To blur; especially (Print.), to blur or double an impression
from type. See Mackle.

MACULOSE
Mac"u*lose`, a. Etym: [L. maculosus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to spots upon a surface; spotted; maculate.

MAD
Mad, obs. p. p.

Defn: of Made. Chaucer.

MAD
Mad, a. [Compar. Madder; superl. Maddest.] Etym: [AS. gem, gemad,
mad; akin to OS. gem foolish, OHG. gameit, Icel. mei to hurt, Goth.
gamáids weak, broken.

1. Disordered in intellect; crazy; insane.
I have heard my grandsire say full oft, Extremity of griefs would
make men mad. Shak.

2. Excited beyond self-control or the restraint of reason; inflamed
by violent or uncontrollable desire, passion, or appetite; as, to be
mad with terror, lust, or hatred; mad against political reform.
It is the land of graven images, and they are mad upon their idols.
Jer. 1. 88.
And being exceedingly mad against them, I persecuted them even unto
strange cities. Acts xxvi. 11.

3. Proceeding from, or indicating, madness; expressing distraction;
prompted by infatuation, fury, or extreme rashness. "Mad demeanor."
Milton.
Mad wars destroy in one year the works of many years of peace.
Franklin.
The mad promise of Cleon was fulfilled. Jowett (Thucyd.).

4. Extravagant; immoderate. "Be mad and merry." Shak. "Fetching mad
bounds." Shak.

5. Furious with rage, terror, or disease; -- said of the lower
animals; as, a mad bull; esp., having hydrophobia; rabid; as, a mad
dog.

6. Angry; out of patience; vexed; as, to get mad at a person.
[Colloq.]

7. Having impaired polarity; -- applied to a compass needle.
[Colloq.] Like mad, like a mad person; in a furious manner; as, to
run like mad. L'Estrange.
 -- To run mad. (a) To become wild with excitement. (b) To run wildly
about under the influence of hydrophobia; to become affected with
hydrophobia.
 -- To run mad after, to pursue under the influence of infatuation or
immoderate desire. "The world is running mad after farce." Dryden.

MAD
Mad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Madded; p. pr. & vb. n. Madding.]

Defn: To make mad or furious; to madden.
Had I but seen thy picture in this plight, It would have madded me.
Shak.

MAD
Mad, v. i.

Defn: To be mad; to go mad; to rave. See Madding. [Archaic] Chaucer.
Festus said with great voice, Paul thou maddest. Wyclif (Acts).

MAD
Mad, n. Etym: [AS. ma; akin to D. & G. made, Goth. mapa, and prob. to
E. moth.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An earthworm. [Written also made.]

MADAM
Mad"am, n.; pl. Madams, or Mesdames. Etym: [See Madame.]

Defn: A gentlewoman; -- an appellation or courteous form of address
given to a lady, especially an elderly or a married lady; -- much
used in the address, at the beginning of a letter, to a woman. The
corresponding word in addressing a man is Sir.

MADAME
Ma`dame", n.; pl. Mesdames. Etym: [F., fr. ma my (L. mea) + dame
dame. See Dame, and cf. Madonna.]

Defn: My lady; -- a French title formerly given to ladies of quality;
now, in France, given to all married women. Chaucer.

MAD-APPLE
Mad"-ap`ple, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Eggplant.

MADBRAIN
Mad"brain`, a.

Defn: Hot-headed; rash. Shak.
 -- n.

Defn: A rash or hot-headed person.

MADBRAINED
Mad"brained`, a.

Defn: Disordered in mind; hot-headed. Shak.

MADCAP
Mad"cap`, a.

1. Inclined to wild sports; delighting in rash, absurd, or dangerous
amusements. "The merry madcap

Defn: lord." Shak.

2. Wild; reckless. "Madcap follies" Beau. & Fl.

MADCAP
Mad"cap`, n.

Defn: A person of wild behavior; an excitable, rash, violent person.
Shak.

MADDEN
Mad"den, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Maddened; p. pr. & vb. n. Maddening.]

Defn: To make mad; to drive to madness; to craze; to excite violently
with passion; to make very angry; to enrage.

MADDEN
Mad"den, v. i.

Defn: To become mad; to act as if mad.
They rave, recite, and madden round the land. Pope.

MADDER
Mad"der, n. Etym: [OE. mader, AS. mædere; akin to Icel. ma.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the Rubia (R. tinctorum). The root is much used in
dyeing red, and formerly was used in medicine. It is cultivated in
France and Holland. See Rubiaceous.

Note: Madder is sometimes used in forming pigments, as lakes, etc.,
which receive their names from their colors; as. madder yellow. Field
madder, an annual European weed (Sherardia arvensis) resembling
madder.
 -- Indian madder , the East Indian Rubia cordifolia, used in the
East for dyeing; -- called also munjeet.
 -- Wild madder, Rubia peregrina of Europe; also the Galium Mollugo,
a kind of bedstraw.

MADDERWORT
Mad"der*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name proposed for any plant of the same natural order
(Rubiaceæ) as the madder.

MADDING
Mad"ding, a.

Defn: Affected with madness; raging; furious.
 -- Mad"ding*ly, adv. [Archaic]
Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife. Gray.
The madding wheels Of brazen chariots raged. Milton.

MADDISH
Mad"dish, a.

Defn: Somewhat mad. Beau. & Fl.

MADE
Made, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Mad, n.

MADE
Made, imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Make.

MADE
Made, a.

Defn: Artificially produced; pieced together; formed by filling in;
as, made ground; a made mast, in distinction from one consisting of a
single spar. Made up. (a) Complete; perfect. "A made up villain."
Shak. (b) Falsely devised; fabricated; as, a made up story. (c)
Artificial; as, a made up figure or complexion.

MADECASS; MADECASSEE
Mad"e*cass, Mad`e*cas"see, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Madagascar, or Madecassee; the
language of the natives of Madagascar. See Malagasy.

MADECASSEE
Mad`e*cas"see, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Madagascar or its inhabitants.

MADEFACTION; MADEFICATION
Mad`e*fac"tion, Mad`e*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. madefacere to make
wet; madere to be wet + facere to make: cf. F. madéfaction.]

Defn: The act of madefying, or making wet; the state of that which is
made wet. [R.] Bacon.

MADEFY
Mad"e*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Madefied; p. pr. & vb. n. Madefying.]
Etym: [Cf. F. madéfier, L. madefacere. See Madefaction.]

Defn: To make wet or moist. [R.]

MADEGASSY
Mad`e*gas"sy, n. & a.

Defn: See Madecassee.

MADEIRA
Ma*dei"ra, n. Etym: [Pg., the Island Madeira, properly, wood, fr. L.
materia stuff, wood. The island was so called because well wooded.
See Matter.]

Defn: A rich wine made on the Island of Madeira.
A cup of Madeira, and a cold capon's leg. Shak.
Madeira nut (Bot.), the European walnut; the nut of the Juglans
regia.

MADEIRA VINE
Ma*dei"ra vine. (Bot.)

Defn: A herbaceous climbing vine (Boussingaultia baselloides) very
popular in cultivation, having shining entire leaves and racemes of
small fragrant white flowers.

MADEIRA WOOD
Madeira wood. (Bot.)
 (a) The mahogany tree (Swietenia Mahogoni).
 (b) A West Indian leguminous tree (Lysiloma Latisiliqua) the wood of
which is used for boat trimming.

MADEMOISELLE
Ma`de*moi`selle", n.; pl. Mesdemoiselles. Etym: [F., fr. ma my, f. of
mon + demoiselle young lady. See Damsel.]

1. A French title of courtesy given to a girl or an unmarried lady,
equivalent to the English Miss. Goldsmith.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine food fish (Sciæna chrysura), of the Southern United
States; -- called also yellowtail, and silver perch.

MADGE
Madge, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. & Prov. F. machette.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The barn owl.
(b) The magpie.

MAD-HEADED
Mad"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Wild; crack-brained.

MADHOUSE
Mad"house`, n.

Defn: A house where insane persons are confined; an insane asylum; a
bedlam.

MADIA
Ma"di*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Sp. madi, fr. Chilian madi, the native
name.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of composite plants, of which one species (Madia
sativa) is cultivated for the oil yielded from its seeds by pressure.
This oil is sometimes used instead of olive oil for the table.

MADID
Mad"id, a. Etym: [L. madidus, fr. madere to be wet.]

Defn: Wet; moist; as, a madid eye. [R.] Beaconsfield.

MADISTERIUM
Mad`is*te"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument to extract hairs.

MADJOUN
Mad"joun, n. Etym: [Hind., fr. Ar. ma'j.]

Defn: An intoxicating confection from the hemp plant; -- used by the
Turks and Hindoos. [Written also majoun.]

MADLY
Mad"ly, adv. Etym: [From Mad, a.]

Defn: In a mad manner; without reason or understanding; wildly.

MADMAN
Mad"man, n.; pl. Madmen (.

Defn: A man who is mad; lunatic; a crazy person.
When a man mistakes his thoughts for person and things, he is mad. A
madman is properly so defined. Coleridge.

MADNEP
Mad"nep, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The masterwort (Peucedanum Ostruthium).

MADNESS
Mad"ness, n. Etym: [From Mad, a.]

1. The condition of being mad; insanity; lunacy.

2. Frenzy; ungovernable rage; extreme folly.

Syn.
 -- Insanity; distraction; derangement; craziness; lunacy; mania;
frenzy; franticness; rage; aberration; alienation; monomania. See
Insanity.

MADONNA
Ma*don"na, n. Etym: [It. madonna my lady. See Dame, Donna, and cf.
Madame, Monkey.]

1. My lady; -- a term of address in Italian formerly used as the
equivalent of Madame, but for which Signora is now substituted.
Sometimes introduced into English. Shak.

2. [pl. Madonnas (naz).]

Defn: A picture of the Virgin Mary (usually with the babe).
The Italian painters are noted for drawing the Madonnas by their own
wives or mistresses. Rymer.

MADOQUA
Ma"do*qua, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small Abyssinian antelope (Neotragus Saltiana), about the
size of a hare.

MADRAGUE
Ma`drague", n. Etym: [R.]

Defn: A large fish pound used for the capture of the tunny in the
Mediterranean; also applied to the seines used for the same purpose.

MADRAS
Ma*dras", n. [So named after Madras, a city and presidency of India.]

Defn: A large silk-and-cotton kerchief, usually of bright colors,
such as those often used by negroes for turbans.

A black woman in blue cotton gown, red-and-yellow madras turban . . .
crouched against the wall.
G. W. Cable.

MADREPERL
Ma"dre*perl, n. Etym: [It. madreperla.]

Defn: Mother-of-pearl.

MADREPORA
Mad`re*po"ra, n. Etym: [NL. See Madre.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of reef corals abundant in tropical seas. It includes
than one hundred and fifty species, most of which are elegantly
branched.
 -- Mad`re*po"ral, a.

MADREPORARIA
Mad`re*po*ra"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Madrepore.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division of Anthozoa, including most of the
species that produce stony corals. See Illust. of Anthozoa.
 -- Mad`re*po*ra"ri*an, a. & n.

MADREPORE
Mad"re*pore, n. Etym: [F. madrepore, perh. fr. madré spotted, fr. OF.
madre, mazre, a kind of knotty wood with brown spots, fr. OHG. masar
a knot, grain, or vein in wood, a speck, G. maser + pore (see Pore);
or perh. F. madrépore is rather from It. madrepora, and this perh.
fr. It. madre mother (see Mother) + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any coral of the genus Madrepora; formerly, often applied to
any stony coral.

MADREPORIAN; MADREPORIC
Mad`re*po"ri*an, Mad`re*po"ric, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling, or pertaining to, the genus Madrepora. Madreporic
plate (Zoöl.), a perforated plate in echinoderms, through which water
is admitted to the ambulacral tubes; -- called also madreporic
tubercule.

MADREPORIFORM
Mad`re*po"ri*form, a. Etym: [Madrepore + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling a madreporian coral in form or structure.

MADREPORITE
Mad"re*po*rite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. madréporite]

1. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil coral.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The madreporic plate of echinoderms.

MADRIER
Ma*drier", n. Etym: [F., from Sp. madero, or Pg. madeiro, fr. Sp.
madera wood for building, timber, Pg. madeira, L. materia stuff,
materials, lumber. See Matter.]

Defn: A thick plank, used for several mechanical purposes;
especially:
(a) A plank to receive the mouth of a petard, with which it is
applied to anything intended to be broken down.
(b) A plank or beam used for supporting the earth in mines or
fortifications.

MADRIGAL
Mad"ri*gal, n. Etym: [It. madrigale, OIt. madriale, mandriale (cf.
LL. matriale); of uncertain origin, possibly fr. It mandra flock, L.
mandra stall, herd of cattle, Gr. madrigal, originally, a pastoral
song.]

1. A little amorous poem, sometimes called a pastoral poem,
containing some tender and delicate, though simple, thought.
Whose artful strains have oft delayed The huddling brook to hear his
madrigal. Milton.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: An unaccompanied polyphonic song, in four, five, or more parts,
set to secular words, but full of counterpoint and imitation, and
adhering to the old church modes. Unlike the freer glee, it is best
sung with several voices on a part. See Glee.

MADRIGALER
Mad"ri*gal*er, n.

Defn: A madrigalist.

MADRIGALIST
Mad"ri*gal*ist, n.

Defn: A composer of madrigals.

MADRILENIAN
Mad`ri*le"ni*an, a. Etym: [Sp. Madrileno.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Madrid in Spain, or to its inhabitants.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Madrid.

MADRINA
Ma*dri"na, n. Etym: [Sp., prop., a godmother.]

Defn: An animal (usually an old mare), wearing a bell and acting as
the leader of a troop of pack mules. [S. America]

MADRO
Ma*dro"ña, n. [Sp. madroño.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small evergreen tree or shrub (Arbutus Menziesii), of
California, having a smooth bark, thick shining leaves, and edible
red berries, which are often called madroña apples. [Written also
madroño.]

MADRONA; MADRONYA
Ma*dro"ña, n. Etym: [Sp. madroño.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small evergreen tree or shrub (Arbutus Menziesii), of
California, having a smooth bark, thick shining leaves, and edible
red berries, which are often called madroña apples. [Written also
madroño.]

MADWORT
Mad"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of cruciferous plants (Alyssum) with white or yellow
flowers and rounded pods. A. maritimum is the commonly cultivated
sweet alyssum, a fragrant white-flowered annual.

MAEGBOTE; MAGBOTE
Mæg"bote`, Mag"bote`, n. Etym: [AS. mæg kinsman + bot compensation.]
(Anglo-Saxon Law)

Defn: Compensation for the injury done by slaying a kinsman. Spelman.

MAELSTROM
Mael"strom, n. Etym: [Norw., a whirlpool.]

1. A celebrated whirlpool on the coast of Norway.

2. Also Fig. ; as, a maelstrom of vice.

MAENAD
Mæ"nad, n. Etym: [L. Maenas, -adis, Gr.

1. A Bacchante; a priestess or votary of Bacchus.

2. A frantic or frenzied woman.

MAESTOSO
Ma`es*to"so, a. & adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Majestic or majestically; -- a direction to perform a passage
or piece of music in a dignified manner.

MAESTRICHT MONITOR
Maes"tricht mon"i*tor. Etym: [So called from Maestricht, a town in
Holland.] (Paleon.)

Defn: The Mosasaurus Hofmanni. See Mosasaurus.

MAESTRO
Ma*es"tro, n. Etym: [It., fr. L. magister. See Master.]

Defn: A master in any art, especially in music; a composer.

MAFFIA; MAFIA
Maf"fi*a, Ma"fi*a, n. [It. maffia.]

Defn: A secret society which organized in Sicily as a political
organization, but is now widespread among Italians, and is used to
further or protect private interests, reputedly by illegal methods.

MAFFIOSO; MAFIOSO
Maf`fi*o"so, Ma`fi*o"so, n.; pl. -si (#). [It. maffioso.]

Defn: A member of the maffia.

MAFFLE
Maf"fle, v. i. Etym: [Akin to OD. maffelen to stammer. Cf. Muffle to
mumble.]

Defn: To stammer. [Obs.]

MAFFLER
Maf"fler, n.

Defn: A stammerer. [Obs.]

MAGAZINE
Mag`a*zine", n. Etym: [F. magasin, It. magazzino, or Sp. magacen,
almagacen; all fr. Ar. makhzan, almakhzan, a storehouse, granary, or
cellar.]

1. A receptacle in which anything is stored, especially military
stores, as ammunition, arms, provisions, etc. "Armories and
magazines." Milton.

2. The building or room in which the supply of powder is kept in a
fortification or a ship.

3. A chamber in a gun for holding a number of cartridges to be fed
automatically to the piece.

4. A pamphlet published periodically containing miscellaneous papers
or compositions. Magazine dress, clothing made chiefly of woolen,
without anything metallic about it, to be worn in a powder magazine.
 -- Magazine gun, a portable firearm, as a rifle, with a chamber
carrying cartridges which are brought automatically into position for
firing.
 -- Magazine stove, a stove having a chamber for holding fuel which
is supplied to the fire by some self-feeding process, as in the
common base-burner.

MAGAZINE
Mag`a*zine", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Magazined; p. pr. & vb. n.
Magazining.]

Defn: To store in, or as in, a magazine; to store up for use.

MAGAZINE CAMERA
Magazine camera. (Photog.)

Defn: A camera in which a number of plates can be exposed without
reloading.

MAGAZINER
Mag`a*zin"er, n.

Defn: One who edits or writes for a magazine. [R.] Goldsmith.

MAGAZINING
Mag`a*zin"ing, n.

Defn: The act of editing, or writing for, a magazine. [Colloq.]
Byron.

MAGAZINIST
Mag`a*zin"ist, n.

Defn: One who edits or writes for a magazine. [R.]

MAGBOTE
Mag"bote`, n.

Defn: See Mægbote.

MAGDALA
Mag"da*la, a.

Defn: Designating an orange-red dyestuff obtained from naphthylamine,
and called magdala red, naphthalene red, etc.

MAGDALEN
Mag"da*len, n. Etym: [From Mary Magdalene, traditionally reported to
have been the repentant sinner forgiven by Christ. See Luke vii. 36.]

Defn: A reformed prostitute.

MAGDALEON
Mag*da"le*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine in the form of a roll, a esp. a roll of plaster.

MAGDEBURG
Mag"de*burg, n.

Defn: A city of Saxony. Magdeburg centuries, Magdeburg hemispheres.
See under Century, and Hemisphere.

MAGE
Mage, n. Etym: [F. mage. See Magi.]

Defn: A magician. [Archaic] Spenser. Tennyson.

MAGELLANIC
Mag`el*lan"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or named from, Magellan, the navigator.
Magellenic clouds (Astron.), three conspicuous nebulæ near the south
pole, resembling thin white clouds.

MAGENTA
Ma*gen"ta, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An aniline dye obtained as an amorphous substance having a
green bronze surface color, which dissolves to a shade of red; also,
the color; -- so called from Magenta, in Italy, in allusion to the
battle fought there about the time the dye was discovered. Called
also fuchsine, roseïne, etc.

MAGGED
Magged, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Worn; fretted; as, a magged brace. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

MAGGIORE
Mag`gio"re, a. Etym: [It., from L. major, compar. of magnus great.
See Major.] (Mus.)

Defn: Greater, in respect to scales, intervals, etc., when used in
opposition to minor; major. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

MAGGOT
Mag"got, n. Etym: [W. macai, pl. maceiod, magiod, a worn or grub; cf.
magu to bread.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The footless larva of any fly. See Larval.

2. A whim; an odd fancy. Hudibras. Tennyson.

MAGGOTINESS
Mag"got*i*ness, n.

Defn: State of being maggoty.

MAGGOTISH
Mag"got*ish, a.

Defn: Full of whims or fancies; maggoty.

MAGGOT-PIE
Mag"got-pie`, n.

Defn: A magpie. [Obs.] Shak.

MAGGOTY
Mag"got*y, a.

1. Infested with maggots.

2. Full of whims; capricious. Norris.

MAGHET
Ma"ghet, n. Etym: [Cf. Fl. maghet maid.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name for daisies and camomiles of several kinds.

MAGI
Ma"gi, n. pl. Etym: [L., pl. of Magus, Gr. Mage, Magic.]

Defn: A caste of priests, philosophers, and magicians, among the
ancient Persians; hence, any holy men or sages of the East.
The inspired Magi from the Orient came. Sandys.

MAGIAN
Ma"gi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Magi.

MAGIAN
Ma"gi*an, n.

Defn: One of the Magi, or priests of the Zoroastrian religion in
Persia; an adherent of the Zoroastrian religion.
 -- Ma"gi*an*ism, n.

MAGIC
Mag"ic, n. Etym: [OE. magique, L. magice, Gr. Magic, a., and Magi.]

Defn: A comprehensive name for all of the pretended arts which claim
to produce effects by the assistance of supernatural beings, or
departed spirits, or by a mastery of secret forces in nature attained
by a study of occult science, including enchantment, conjuration,
witchcraft, sorcery, necromancy, incantation, etc.
An appearance made by some magic. Chaucer.
Celestial magic, a supposed supernatural power which gave to spirits
a kind of dominion over the planets, and to the planets an influence
over men.
 -- Natural magic, the art of employing the powers of nature to
produce effects apparently supernatural.
 -- Superstitious, or Geotic, magic, the invocation of devils or
demons, involving the supposition of some tacit or express agreement
between them and human beings.

Syn.
 -- Sorcery; witchcraft; necromancy; conjuration; enchantment.

MAGIC; MAGICAL
Mag"ic, Mag"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. magicus, Gr. magique. See Magi.]

1. Pertaining to the hidden wisdom supposed to be possessed by the
Magi; relating to the occult powers of nature, and the producing of
effects by their agency.

2. Performed by, or proceeding from, occult and superhuman agencies;
done by, or seemingly done by, enchantment or sorcery. Hence:
Seemingly requiring more than human power; imposing or startling in
performance; producing effects which seem supernatural or very
extraordinary; having extraordinary properties; as, a magic lantern;
a magic square or circle.
The painter's magic skill. Cowper.

Note: Although with certain words magic is used more than magical, --
as, magic circle, magic square, magic wand, -- we may in general say
magic or magical; as, a magic or magical effect; a magic or magical
influence, etc. But when the adjective is predicative, magical, and
not magic, is used; as, the effect was magical. Magic circle, a
series of concentric circles containing the numbers 12 to 75 in eight
radii, and having somewhat similar properties to the magic square.
 -- Magic humming bird (Zoöl.), a Mexican humming bird (Iache magica)
, having white downy thing tufts.
 -- Magic lantern. See Lantern.
 -- Magic square, numbers so disposed in parallel and equal rows in
the form of a square, that each row, taken vertically, horizontally,
or diagonally, shall give the same sum, the same product, or an
harmonical series, according as the numbers taken are in
arithmetical, geometrical, or harmonical progression.
 -- Magic wand, a wand used by a magician in performing feats of
magic.

MAGICALLY
Mag"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a magical manner; by magic, or as if by magic.

MAGICIAN
Ma*gi"cian, n. Etym: [F. magicien. See Magic, n.]

Defn: One skilled in magic; one who practices the black art; an
enchanter; a necromancer; a sorcerer or sorceress; a conjurer.

MAGILP; MAGILPH
Ma*gilp", Ma*gilph", n. (Paint.)

Defn: See Megilp.

MAGISTER
Ma*gis"ter, n. Etym: [L. See Master.]

Defn: Master; sir; -- a title of the Middle Ages, given to a person
in authority, or to one having a license from a university to teach
philosophy and the liberal arts.

MAGISTERIAL
Mag`is*te"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. magisterius magisterial. See Master.]

1. Of or pertaining to a master or magistrate, or one in authority;
having the manner of a magister; official; commanding; authoritative.
Hence: Overbearing; dictatorial; dogmatic.
When magisterial duties from his home Her father called. Glover.
We are not magisterial in opinions, nor, dictator-like, obtrude our
notions on any man. Sir T. Browne.
Pretenses go a great way with men that take fair words and
magisterial looks for current payment. L'Estrange.

2. (Alchem. & Old Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, produced by, or of the nature of, magistery. See
Magistery, 2.

Syn.
 -- Authoritative; stately; august; pompous; dignified; lofty;
commanding; imperious; lordly; proud; haughty; domineering; despotic;
dogmatical; arrogant.
 -- Magisterial, Dogmatical, Arrogant. One who is magisterial assumes
the air of a master toward his pupils; one who is dogmatical lays
down his positions in a tone of authority or dictation; one who is
arrogant in sults others by an undue assumption of superiority. Those
who have long been teachers sometimes acquire, unconsciously, a
manner which borders too much on the magisterial, and may be unjustly
construed as dogmatical, or even arrogant.

MAGISTERIALITY
Mag`is*te`ri*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: Magisterialness; authoritativeness. [R.] Fuller.

MAGISTERIALLY
Mag`is*te"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a magisterial manner.

MAGISTERIALNESS
Mag`is*te"ri*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being magisterial.

MAGISTERY
Mag"is*ter*y, n. Etym: [L. magisterium the office of a chief,
president, director, tutor. See Magistrate.]

1. Mastery; powerful medical influence; renowned efficacy; a
sovereign remedy. [Obs.] Holland.

2. A magisterial injunction. [R.] Brougham.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: A precipitate; a fine substance deposited by precipitation; --
applied in old chemistry to certain white precipitates from metallic
solutions; as, magistery of bismuth. Ure.

MAGISTRACY
Mag"is*tra*cy, n.; pl. Magistracies. Etym: [From Magistrate.]

1. The office or dignity of a magistrate. Blackstone.

2. The collective body of magistrates.

MAGISTRAL
Mag"is*tral, a. Etym: [L. magistralis: cf. F. magistral. See
Magistrate.]

1. Pertaining to a master; magisterial; authoritative; dogmatic.

2. Commanded or prescribed by a magister, esp. by a doctor; hence,
effectual; sovereign; as, a magistral sirup. "Some magistral opiate."
Bacon.

3. (Pharmacy)

Defn: Formulated extemporaneously, or for a special case; -- opposed
to officinal, and said of prescriptions and medicines. Dunglison.
Magistral line (Fort.), the guiding line, or outline, or outline, by
which the form of the work is determined. It is usually the crest
line of the parapet in fieldworks, or the top line of the escarp in
permanent fortifications.

MAGISTRAL
Mag"is*tral, n.

1. (Med.)

Defn: A sovereign medicine or remedy. [Obs.] Burton.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: A magistral line.

3. (Metal.)

Defn: Powdered copper pyrites used in the amalgamation of ores of
silver, as at the Spanish mines of Mexico and South America.

MAGISTRALITY
Mag`is*tral"i*ty, n.; pl. -ties (.

Defn: Magisterialness; arbitrary dogmatism. Bacon.

MAGISTRALLY
Mag"is*tral*ly, adv.

Defn: In a magistral manner. Abp. Bramhall.

MAGISTRATE
Mag"is*trate, n. Etym: [L. magistratus, fr. magister master: cf. F.
magistrat. See Master.]

Defn: A person clothed with power as a public civil officer; a public
civil officer invested with the executive government, or some branch
of it. "All Christian rulers and magistrates." Book of Com. Prayer.
Of magistrates some also are supreme, in whom the sovereign power of
the state resides; others are subordinate. Blackstone.

MAGISTRATIC; MAGISTRATICAL
Mag`is*trat"ic, Mag`is*trat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or proceeding from, a magistrate; having the
authority of a magistrate. Jer. Taylor.

MAGISTRATURE
Mag"is*tra`ture, n. Etym: [Cf. F. magistrature.]

Defn: Magistracy. [Obs.]

MAGMA
Mag"ma, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. Any crude mixture of mineral or organic matters in the state of a
thin paste. Ure.

2. (Med.)
(a) A thick residuum obtained from certain substances after the fluid
parts are expressed from them; the grounds which remain after
treating a substance with any menstruum, as water or alcohol.
(b) A salve or confection of thick consistency. Dunglison.

3. (Geol.)
(a) The molten matter within the earth, the source of the material of
lava flows, dikes of eruptive rocks, etc.
(b) The glassy base of an eruptive rock.

4. (Chem.)

Defn: The amorphous or homogenous matrix or ground mass, as
distinguished from well-defined crystals; as, the magma of porphyry.

MAGNA CHARTA
Mag"na Char"ta. Etym: [L., great charter.]

1. The great Charter, so called, obtained by the English barons from
King John, A. D. 1215. This name is also given to the charter granted
to the people of England in the ninth year of Henry III., and
confirmed by Edward I.

2. Hence, a fundamental constitution which guaranties rights and
privileges.

MAGNALITY
Mag*nal"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. magnalis mighty, fr. magnus great.]

Defn: A great act or event; a great attainment. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

MAGNANIMITY
Mag`na*nim"i*ty, n. Etym: [F. magnanimité, L. magnanimitas.]

Defn: The quality of being magnanimous; greatness of mind; elevation
or dignity of soul; that quality or combination of qualities, in
character, which enables one to encounter danger and trouble with
tranquility and firmness, to disdain injustice, meanness and revenge,
and to act and sacrifice for noble objects.

MAGNANIMOUS
Mag*nan"i*mous, a.Etym: [L. magnanimus; magnus great + animus mind.
See Magnate, and Animus.]

1. Great of mind; elevated in soul or in sentiment; raised above what
is low, mean, or ungenerous; of lofty and courageous spirit; as, a
magnanimous character; a magnanimous conqueror.
Be magnanimous in the enterprise. Shak.
To give a kingdom hath been thought Greater and nobler done, and to
law down Far more magnanimousan to assume. Milton.

2. Dictated by or exhibiting nobleness of soul; honorable; noble; not
selfish.
Both strived for death; magnanimous debate. Stirling.
There is an indissoluble union between a magnanimous policy and the
solid rewards of public prosperity and felicity. Washington.

MAGNANIMOUSLY
Mag*nan"i*mous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a magnanimous manner; with greatness of mind.

MAGNASE BLACK
Mag"nase black`. (Paint.)

Defn: A black pigment which dries rapidly when mixed with oil, and is
of intense body. Fairholt.

MAGNATE
Mag"nate, Etym: [F. magnat, L. (pl.) magnates, magnati, fr. magnus
great. See Master.]

1. A person of rank; a noble or grandee; a person of influence or
distinction in any sphere. Macaulay.

2. One of the nobility, or certain high officers of state belonging
to the noble estate in the national representation of Hungary, and
formerly of Poland.

MAGNES
Mag"nes, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Magnet. [Obs.] Spenser.

MAGNESIA
Mag*ne"si*a, n. Etym: [L. Magnesia, fem. of Magnesius of the country
Magnesia, Gr. Magnet.] (Chem.)

Defn: A light earthy white substance, consisting of magnesium oxide,
and obtained by heating magnesium hydrate or carbonate, or by burning
magnesium. It has a slightly alkaline reaction, and is used in
medicine as a mild antacid laxative. See Magnesium. Magnesia alba
Etym: [L.] (Med. Chem.), a bulky white amorphous substance,
consisting of a hydrous basic carbonate of magnesium, and used as a
mild cathartic.

MAGNESIAN
Mag*ne"sian, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, characterized by, or containing, magnesia or
magnesium. Magnesian limestone. (Min.) See Dolomite.

MAGNESIC
Mag*ne"sic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, magnesium; as, magnesic oxide.

MAGNESITE
Mag"ne*site, n. Etym: [Cf. F. magnésite.] (Min.)

Defn: Native magnesium carbonate occurring in white compact or
granular masses, and also in rhombohedral crystals.

MAGNESIUM
Mag*ne"si*um, n. Etym: [NL. & F. See Magnesia.] (Chem.)

Defn: A light silver-white metallic element, malleable and ductile,
quite permanent in dry air but tarnishing in moist air. It burns,
forming (the oxide) magnesia, with the production of a blinding light
(the so-called magnesium light) which is used in signaling, in
pyrotechny, or in photography where a strong actinic illuminant is
required. Its compounds occur abundantly, as in dolomite, talc,
meerschaum, etc. Symbol Mg. Atomic weight, 24.4. Specific gravity,
1.75. Magnesium sulphate. (Chem.) Same as Epsom salts.

MAGNET
Mag"net, n. Etym: [OE. magnete, OF. magnete, L. magnes, -etis, Gr.
Magnesia, Manganese.]

1. The loadstone; a species of iron ore (the ferrosoferric or
magnetic ore, Fe3O4) which has the property of attracting iron and
some of its ores, and, when freely suspended, of pointing to the
poles; -- called also natural magnet.
Dinocrates began to make the arched roof of the temple of Arsinoë all
of magnet, or this loadstone. Holland.
Two magnets, heaven and earth, allure to bliss, The larger loadstone
that, the nearer this. Dryden.

2. (Physics)

Defn: A bar or mass of steel or iron to which the peculiar properties
of the loadstone have been imparted; -- called, in distinction from
the loadstone, an artificial magnet.

Note: An artificial magnet, produced by the action of a voltaic or
electrical battery, is called an electro-magnet. Field magnet
(Physics & Elec.), a magnet used for producing and maintaining a
magnetic field; -- used especially of the stationary or exciting
magnet of a dynamo or electromotor in distinction from that of the
moving portion or armature.

MAGNETIC; MAGNETICAL
Mag*net"ic, Mag*net"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. magneticus: cf. F.
magnétique.]

1. Pertaining to the magnet; possessing the properties of the magnet,
or corresponding properties; as, a magnetic bar of iron; a magnetic
needle.

2. Of or pertaining to, or characterized by,, the earth's magnetism;
as, the magnetic north; the magnetic meridian.

3. Capable of becoming a magnet; susceptible to magnetism; as, the
magnetic metals.

4. Endowed with extraordinary personal power to excite the feelings
and to win the affections; attractive; inducing attachment.
She that had all magnetic force alone. Donne.

5. Having, susceptible to, or induced by, animal magnetism, so
called; as, a magnetic sleep. See Magnetism. Magnetic amplitude,
attraction, dip, induction, etc. See under Amplitude, Attraction,
etc.
 -- Magnetic battery, a combination of bar or horseshoe magnets with
the like poles adjacent, so as to act together with great power.
 -- Magnetic compensator, a contrivance connected with a ship's
compass for compensating or neutralizing the effect of the iron of
the ship upon the needle.
 -- Magnetic curves, curves indicating lines of magnetic force, as in
the arrangement of iron filings between the poles of a powerful
magnet.
 -- Magnetic elements. (a) (Chem. Physics) Those elements, as iron,
nickel, cobalt, chromium, manganese, etc., which are capable or
becoming magnetic. (b) (Physics) In respect to terrestrial magnetism,
the declination, inclination, and intensity. (c) See under Element.
 -- Magnetic equator, the line around the equatorial parts of the
earth at which there is no dip, the dipping needle being horizontal.
 -- Magnetic field, or Field of magnetic force, any space through
which magnet exerts its influence.
 -- Magnetic fluid, the hypothetical fluid whose existence was
formerly assumed in the explanations of the phenomena of magnetism.
 -- Magnetic iron, or Magnetic iron ore. (Min.) Same as Magnetite.
 -- Magnetic needle, a slender bar of steel, magnetized and suspended
at its center on a sharp-pointed pivot, or by a delicate fiber, so
that it may take freely the direction of the magnetic meridian. It
constitutes the essential part of a compass, such as the mariner's
and the surveyor's.
 -- Magnetic poles, the two points in the opposite polar regions of
the earth at which the direction of the dipping needle is vertical.
 -- Magnetic pyrites. See Pyrrhotite.
 -- Magnetic storm (Terrestrial Physics), a disturbance of the
earth's magnetic force characterized by great and sudden changes.
 -- Magnetic telegraph, a telegraph acting by means of a magnet. See
Telegraph.

MAGNETIC
Mag*net"ic, n.

1. A magnet. [Obs.]
As the magnetic hardest iron draws. Milton.

2. Any metal, as iron, nickel, cobalt, etc., which may receive, by
any means, the properties of the loadstone, and which then, when
suspended, fixes itself in the direction of a magnetic meridian.

MAGNETICALLY
Mag*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By or as by, magnetism.

MAGNETICALNESS
Mag*net"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being magnetic.

MAGNETICIAN
Mag`ne*ti"cian, n.

Defn: One versed in the science of magnetism; a magnetist.

MAGNETICNESS
Mag*net"ic*ness, n.

Defn: Magneticalness. [Obs.]

MAGNETICS
Mag*net"ics, n.

Defn: The science of magnetism.

MAGNETIFEROUS
Mag`net*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. magnes, -etis + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing or conducting magnetism.

MAGNETISM
Mag"net*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. magnétisme.]

Defn: The property, quality, or state, of being magnetic; the
manifestation of the force in nature which is seen in a magnet.

2. The science which treats of magnetic phenomena.

3. Power of attraction; power to excite the feelings and to gain the
affections. "By the magnetism of interest our affections are
irresistibly attracted." Glanvill. Animal magnetism, a force, more or
less analogous to magnetism, which, it has been alleged, is produced
in animal tissues, and passes from one body to another with or
without actual contact. The existence of such a force, and its
potentiality for the cure of disease, were asserted by Mesmer in
1775. His theories and methods were afterwards called mesmerism, a
name which has been popularly applied to theories and claims not put
forward by Mesmer himself. See Mesmerism, Biology, Od, Hypnotism.
 -- Terrestrial magnetism, the magnetic force exerted by the earth,
and recognized by its effect upon magnetized needles and bars.

MAGNETIST
Mag"net*ist, n.

Defn: One versed in magnetism.

MAGNETITE
Mag"net*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: An oxide of iron (Fe3O4) occurring in isometric crystals, also
massive, of a black color and metallic luster. It is readily
attracted by a magnet and sometimes possesses polarity, being then
called loadstone. It is an important iron ore. Called also magnetic
iron.

MAGNETIZABLE
Mag"net*i`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of magnetized.

MAGNETIZATION
Mag`net*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of magnetizing, or the state of being magnetized.

MAGNETIZE
Mag"net*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Magnetized; prep. & adv.
Magnetizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. magnétiser.]

1. To communicate magnetic properties to; as, to magnetize a needle.

2. To attract as a magnet attracts, or like a magnet; to move; to
influence.
Fascinated, magnetized, as it were, by his character. Motley.

3. To bring under the influence of animal magnetism.

MAGNETIZEE
Mag`net*i*zee", n.

Defn: A person subjected to the influence of animal magnetism. [R.]

MAGNETIZER
Mag"net*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, imparts magnetism.

MAGNETO-
Mag"net*o-. Etym: [See Magnet.]

Defn: A prefix meaning pertaining to, produced by, or in some way
connected with, magnetism.

MAGNETO-ELECTRIC; MAGNETO-ELECTRICAL
Mag`net*o-e*lec"tric, Mag`net*o-e*lec"tric*al, a. (Physics)

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, electricity by the action
of magnets; as, magneto-electric induction. Magneto-electric machine,
a form of dynamo-electric machine in which the field is maintained by
permanent steel magnets instead of electro-magnets.

MAGNETO-ELECTRICITY
Mag`net*o-e`lec*tric"i*ty, n.

1. Electricity evolved by the action of magnets.

2. (Physics)

Defn: That branch of science which treats of the development of
electricity by the action of magnets; -- the counterpart of electro-
magnetism.

MAGNETOGRAPH
Mag*net"o*graph, n. Etym: [Magneto- + -graph.] (Physics)

Defn: An automatic instrument for registering, by photography or
otherwise, the states and variations of any of the terrestrial
magnetic elements.

MAGNETOMETER
Mag`net*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Magneto- + -meter: cf. F. magnétomètre.]
(Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the intensity of magnetic forces;
also, less frequently, an instrument for determining any of the
terrestrial magnetic elements, as the dip and declination.

MAGNETOMETRIC
Mag`net*o*met"ric, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or employed in, the measurement of magnetic
forces; obtained by means of a magnetometer; as, magnetometric
instruments; magnetometric measurements.

MAGNETOMOTIVE
Mag`net*o*mo"tive, a.  [Magneto-+ motive, a.] (Elec.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a force producing magnetic flux,
analogous to electromotive force, and equal to the magnetic flux
multiplied by the magnetic reluctance.

MAGNETOMOTOR
Mag`net*o*mo"tor, n.

Defn: A voltaic series of two or more large plates, producing a great
quantity of electricity of low tension, and hence adapted to the
exhibition of electro-magnetic phenomena. [R.]

MAGNETOTHERAPY
Mag`net*o*ther"a*py, n. (Med.)

Defn: The treatment of disease by the application of magnets to the
surface of the body.

MAGNIFIABLE
Mag"ni*fi`a*ble, a. Etym: [From Magnify.]

Defn: Such as can be magnified, or extolled.

MAGNIFIC; MAGNIFICAL
Mag*nif"ic, Mag*nif"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. magnificus; magnus great +
facere to make: cf. F. magnifique. See Magnitude, Fact. and cf.
Magnificent.]

Defn: Grand; splendid; illustrious; magnificent. [Obs.] 1 Chron.
xxii. 5. "Thy magnific deeds." Milton.
 -- Mag*nif"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.]

MAGNIFICAT
Mag*nif"i*cat, n. Etym: [L., it magnifies.]

Defn: The song of the Virgin Mary, Luke i. 46; -- so called because
it commences with this word in the Vulgate.

MAGNIFICATE
Mag*nif"i*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. magnificatus, p. p. of magnificare.]

Defn: To magnify or extol. [Obs.] Marston.

MAGNIFICATION
Mag`ni*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of magnifying; enlargement; exaggeration. [R.]

MAGNIFICENCE
Mag*nif"i*cence, n. Etym: [F. magnificence, L. magnificentia. See
Magnific.]

Defn: The act of doing what magnificent; the state or quality of
being magnificent. Acts xix. 27. "Then cometh magnificence." Chaucer.
And, for the heaven's wide circuit, let it speak The Maker's high
magnificence, who built so spacious. Milton.
The noblest monuments of Roman magnificence. Eustace.

MAGNIFICENT
Mag*nif"i*cent, a. Etym: [See Magnificence.]

1. Doing grand things; admirable in action; displaying great power or
opulence, especially in building, way of living, and munificence.
A prince is never so magnificent As when he's sparing to enrich a few
With the injuries of many. Massinger.

2. Grand in appearance; exhibiting grandeur or splendor; splendid'
pompous.
When Rome's exalted beauties I descry Magnificent in piles of ruin
lie. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Glorious; majestic; sublime. See Grand.

MAGNIFICENTLY
Mag*nif"i*cent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a Magnificent manner.

MAGNIFICO
Mag*nif"i*co, n.; pl. Magnificoes. Etym: [It. See Magnific.]

1. A grandee or nobleman of Venice; -- so called in courtesy. Shak.

2. A rector of a German university.

MAGNIFIER
Mag"ni*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, magnifies.

MAGNIFY
Mag"ni*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Magnified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Magnifying.] Etym: [OE. magnifien, F. magnifier, L. magnificare. See
Magnific.]

1. To make great, or greater; to increase the dimensions of; to
amplify; to enlarge, either in fact or in appearance; as, the
microscope magnifies the object by a thousand diameters.
The least error in a small quantity . . . will in a great one . . .
be proportionately magnified. Grew.

2. To increase the importance of; to augment the esteem or respect in
which one is held.
On that day the Lord magnified Joshua in the sight of all Israel.
Joshua iv. 14.

3. To praise highly; to land; to extol. [Archaic]
O, magnify the Lord with me, and let us exalt his name together. Ps.
xxxiv. 3.

4. To exaggerate; as, to magnify a loss or a difficulty. To magnify
one's self (Script.), to exhibit pride and haughtiness; to boast.
 -- To magnify one's self against (Script.), to oppose with pride.

MAGNIFY
Mag"ni*fy, v. i.

1. To have the power of causing objects to appear larger than they
really are; to increase the apparent dimensions of objects; as, some
lenses magnify but little.

2. To have effect; to be of importance or significance. [Cant & Obs.]
Spectator. Magnifying glass, a lens which magnifies the apparent
dimensions of objects seen through it.

MAGNILOQUENCE
Mag*nil"o*quence, n. Etym: [L. magniloquentia.]

Defn: The quality of being magniloquent; pompous discourse;
grandiloquence.

MAGNILOQUENT
Mag*nil"o*quent, a. Etym: [L. magnus great + loquens, -entis, p. pr.
of loqui to speak. See Magnitude, Loquacious.]

Defn: Speaking pompously; using swelling discourse; bombastic; tumid
in style; grandiloquent.
 -- Mag*nil"o*quent*ly, adv.

MAGNILOQUOUS
Mag*nil"o*quous, a. Etym: [L. magniloquus.]

Defn: Magniloquent. [Obs.]

MAGNITUDE
Mag"ni*tude, n. Etym: [L. magnitudo, from magnus great. See Master,
and cf. Maxim.]

1. Extent of dimensions; size; -- applied to things that have length,
breath, and thickness.
Conceive those particles of bodies to be so disposed amongst
themselves, that the intervals of empty spaces between them may be
equal in magnitude to them all. Sir I. Newton.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: That which has one or more of the three dimensions, length,
breadth, and thickness.

3. Anything of which greater or less can be predicated, as time,
weight, force, and the like.

4. Greatness; grandeur. "With plain, heroic magnitude of mind."
Milton.

5. Greatness, in reference to influence or effect; importance; as, an
affair of magnitude.
The magnitude of his designs. Bp. Horsley.
Apparent magnitude (Opt.), the angular breadth of an object viewed as
measured by the angle which it subtends at the eye of the observer; -
- called also apparent diameter.
 -- Magnitude of a star (Astron.), the rank of a star with respect to
brightness. About twenty very bright stars are said to be of first
magnitude, the stars of the sixth magnitude being just visible to the
naked eye. Telescopic stars are classified down to the twelfth
magnitude or lower. The scale of the magnitudes is quite arbitrary,
but by means of photometers, the classification has been made to
tenths of a magnitude.

MAGNOLIA
Mag*no"li*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named after Pierre Magnol, professor of
botany at Montpellier, France, in the 17th century.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of American and Asiatic trees, with aromatic bark and
large sweet-scented whitish or reddish flowers.

Note: Magnolia grandiflora has coriaceous shining leaves and very
fragrant blossoms. It is common from North Carolina to Florida and
Texas, and is one of the most magnificent trees of the American
forest. The sweet bay (M. glauca)is a small tree found sparingly as
far north as Cape Ann. Other American species are M. Umbrella, M.
macrophylla, M. Fraseri, M. acuminata, and M. cordata. M. conspicua
and M. purpurea are cultivated shrubs or trees from Eastern Asia. M.
Campbellii, of India, has rose-colored or crimson flowers. Magnolia
warbler (Zoöl.), a beautiful North American wood warbler (Dendroica
maculosa). The rump and under parts are bright yellow; the breast and
belly are spotted with black; the under tail coverts are white; the
crown is ash.

MAGNOLIACEOUS
Mag*no`li*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to a natural order (Magnoliaceæ) of trees of which
the magnolia, the tulip tree, and the star anise are examples.

MAGNUM
Mag"num, n. Etym: [Neut. sing. of L. magnus great.]

1. A large wine bottle.
They passed the magnum to one another freely. Sir W. Scott
.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A bone of the carpus at the base of the third metacarpal bone.

MAGOT
Mag"ot, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Barbary ape.

MAGOT-PIE
Mag"ot-pie`, n.

Defn: A magpie. [Obs.] Shak.

MAGPIE
Mag"pie, n. Etym: [OE. & Prov. E. magot pie, maggoty pie, fr. Mag,
Maggot, equiv. to Margaret, and fr. F. Marquerite, and common name of
the magpie. Marguerite is fr. L. margarita pearl, Gr. Pie magpie, and
cf. the analogous names Tomtit, and Jackdaw.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of the genus Pica and related
genera, allied to the jays, but having a long graduated tail.

Note: The common European magpie (Pica pica, or P. caudata) is a
black and white noisy and mischievous bird. It can be taught to
speak. The American magpie (P. Hudsonica) is very similar. The
yellow-belled magpie (P. Nuttalli) inhabits California. The blue
magpie (Cyanopolius Cooki) inhabits Spain. Other allied species are
found in Asia. The Tasmanian and Australian magpies are crow shrikes,
as the white magpie (Gymnorhina organicum), the black magpie
(Strepera fuliginosa), and the Australian magpie (Cracticus picatus).
Magpie lark (Zoöl.), a common Australian bird (Grallina picata),
conspicuously marked with black and white; -- called also little
magpie.
 -- Magpie moth (Zoöl.), a black and white European geometrid moth
(Abraxas grossulariata); the harlequin moth. Its larva feeds on
currant and gooseberry bushes.

MAGUARI
Ma`gua*ri", n. Etym: [From native name: cf. Pg. magoari.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American stork (Euxenara maguari), having a forked
tail.

MAGUEY
Mag"uey, n. Etym: [Sp. maguey, Mexican maguei and metl.] (Bot.)

Defn: The century plant, a species of Agave (A. Americana). See
Agave.

MAGYAR
Mag"yar, n. Etym: [Hung.]

1. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of the dominant people of Hungary, allied to the Finns; a
Hungarian.

2. The language of the Magyars.

MAHA
Ma"ha, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of baboon; the wanderoo.

MAHABARATA; MAHABHARATAM
Ma*ha*ba"ra*ta, Ma*ha*bha"ra*tam, n. Etym: [Skr. mahabharata.]

Defn: A celebrated epic poem of the Hindoos. It is of great length,
and is chiefly devoted to the history of a civil war between two
dynasties of ancient India.

MAHALED
Ma*ha"led, n.Etym: [Ar. mahled.]

Defn: (Bot.) A cherry tree (Prunus Mahaleb) of Southern Europe. The
wood is prized by cabinetmakers, the twigs are used for pipe stems,
the flowers and leaves yield a perfume, and from the fruit a violet
dye and a fermented liquor (like kirschwasser) are prepared.

MAHARAJAH
Ma*ha*ra"jah, n. Etym: [Skr. maharaja; mahat great + raja king.]

Defn: A sovereign prince in India; -- a title given also to other
persons of high rank.

MAHARIF
Ma`ha*rif", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African antelope (Hippotragus Bakeri). Its face is striped
with black and white.

MAHARMAH
Ma*har"mah, n.

Defn: A muslin wrapper for the head and the lower part of the face,
worn by Turkish and Armenian women when they go abroad.

MAHATMA
Ma*hat"ma, n. [Skr. mahatman, lit., great-souled, wise.] (Theosophy)

Defn: One of a class of sages, or "adepts," reputed to have knowledge
and powers of a higher order than those of ordinary men. --
Ma*hat"ma*ism (#), n.

MAHDI
Mah"di, n. Etym: [Ar., guide, leader.]

Defn: Among Mohammedans, the last imam or leader of the faithful. The
Sunni, the largest sect of the Mohammedans, believe that he is yet to
appear.

Note: The title has been taken by several persons in countries where
Mohammedanism prevails, -- notably by Mohammad Ahmed, who overran the
Egyptian Sudan, and in 1885 captured Khartum, his soldiers killing
General Gordon, an Englishman, who was then the Egyptian governor of
the region.

MAHDIISM
Mah"di*ism, n.

Defn: See Mahdism.

MAHDISM
Mah"dism, n.

Defn: Belief in the coming of the Mahdi; fanatical devotion to the
cause of the Mahdi or a pretender to that title. -- Mah"dist (#), n.

Mahdism has proved the most shameful and terrible instrument of
bloodshed and oppression which the modern world has ever witnessed.
E. N. Bennett.

MAHL-STICK
Mahl"-stick`, n.

Defn: See Maul-stick.

MAHOE
Ma"hoe, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several malvaceous trees (species of Hibiscus,
Ochroma, etc.), and to their strong fibrous inner bark, which is used
for strings and cordage.

MAHOGANY
Ma*hog"a*ny, n. Etym: [From the South American name.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A large tree of the genus Swietenia (S. Mahogoni), found in
tropical America.

Note: Several other trees, with wood more or less like mahogany, are
called by this name; as, African mahogany (Khaya Senegalensis),
Australian mahogany (Eucalyptus marginatus), Bastard mahogany
(Batonia apetala of the West Indies), Indian mahogany (Cedrela Toona
of Bengal, and trees of the genera Soymida and Chukrassia), Madeira
mahogany (Persea Indica), Mountain mahogany, the black or cherry
birch (Betula lenta), also the several species of Cercocarpus of
California and the Rocky Mountains.

2. The wood of the Swietenia Mahogoni. It is of a reddish brown
color, beautifully veined, very hard, and susceptible of a fine
polish. It is used in the manufacture of furniture.

3. A table made of mahogany wood. [Colloq.] To be under the mahogany,
to be so drunk as to have fallen under the table. [Eng.] -- To put
one's legs under some one's mahogany, to dine with him. [Slang]

MAHOLI
Ma*ho"li, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South African lemur (Galago maholi), having very large ears.
[Written also moholi.]

MAHOMEDAN; MAHOMETAN
Ma*hom"ed*an, Ma*hom"et*an, n.

Defn: See Mohammedan.

MAHOMETANISM
Ma*hom"et*an*ism, n.

Defn: See Mohammedanism.

MAHOMETANIZE
Ma*hom"et*an*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mahometanized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Mahometanizing.]

Defn: To convert to the religion of Mohammed; to Mohammedanize.

MAHOMETISM
Ma*hom"et*ism, n.

Defn: See Mohammedanism.

MAHOMETIST
Ma*hom"et*ist, n.

Defn: A Mohammedan. [R.]

MAHOMETRY
Ma*hom"et*ry, n.

Defn: Mohammedanism. [Obs.]

MAHONE
Ma*hone", n.

Defn: A large Turkish ship. Crabb.

MAHONIA
Ma*ho"ni*a, n. Etym: [Named after Bernard McMahon.] (Bot.)

Defn: The Oregon grape, a species of barberry (Berberis Aquifolium),
often cultivated for its hollylike foliage.

MAHON STOCK
Ma*hon" stock`. (Bot.)

Defn: An annual cruciferous plant with reddish purple or white
flowers (Malcolmia maritima). It is called in England Virginia stock,
but the plant comes from the Mediterranean.

MAHOOHOO
Ma*hoo"hoo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The African white two-horned rhinoceros (Atelodus simus).

MAHORI
Ma"ho*ri, n. Etym: [Native name. Cf. Maori.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of the dark race inhabiting principally the islands of
Eastern Polynesia. Also used adjectively.

MAHOUND
Ma`hound, n.

Defn: A contemptuous name for Mohammed; hence, an evil spirit; a
devil. [Obs.]
Who's this, my mahound cousin Beau. & Fl.

MAHOUT
Ma*hout", n. Etym: [Hind. mahawat, Skr. mahamatra; mahat great +
matra measure.]

Defn: The keeper and driver of an elephant. [East Indies]

MAHOVO
Ma*ho"vo, n. (Mach.)

Defn: A device for saving power in stopping and starting a railroad
car, by means of a heavy fly wheel.

MAHRATI
Mah*rat"i, n.

Defn: The language of the Mahrattas; the language spoken in the
Deccan and Concan. [Written also Marathi.]

MAHRATTA
Mah*rat"ta, n. Etym: [Hind. Marhata, Marhatta, the name of a famous
Hindoo race, from the old Skr. name Maha-rashtra.]

Defn: One of a numerous people inhabiting the southwestern part of
India. Also, the language of the Mahrattas; Mahrati. It is closely
allied to Sanskrit.
 -- a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Mahrattas. [Written also Maratha.]

MAHUMETAN; MAHUMETANISM
Ma*hu"met*an, Ma*hu"met*an*ism, n.

Defn: See Mohammedan, Mohammedanism.

MAHWA TREE
Mah"wa tree`. (Bot.)

Defn: An East Indian sapotaceous tree (Bassia latifolia, and also B.
butyracea), whose timber is used for wagon wheels, and the flowers
for food and in preparing an intoxicating drink. It is one of the
butter trees. The oil, known as mahwa and yallah, is obtained from
the kernels of the fruit.

MAIA
Ma"i*a, n. Etym: [From L. Maia, a goddess.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A genus of spider crabs, including the common European species
(Maia squinado).
(b) A beautiful American bombycid moth (Eucronia maia).

MAIAN
Ma"ian, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any spider crab of the genus Maia, or family Maiadæ.

MAID
Maid, n. Etym: [Shortened from maiden. . See Maiden.]

1. An unmarried woman; usually, a young unmarried woman; esp., a
girl; a virgin; a maiden.
Would I had died a maid, And never seen thee, never borne thee son.
Shak.
Can a maid forget her ornaments, or a bride her attire Yet my people
have forgotten me. Jer. ii. 32.

2. A man who has not had sexual intercourse. [Obs.]
Christ was a maid and shapen as a man. Chaucer.

3. A female servant.
Spinning amongst her maids. Shak.

Note: Maid is used either adjectively or in composition, signifying
female, as in maid child, maidservant.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The female of a ray or skate, esp. of the gray skate (Raia
batis), and of the thornback (R. clavata). [Prov. Eng.] Fair maid.
(Zoöl.) See under Fair, a.
 -- Maid of honor, a female attendant of a queen or royal princess; -
- usually of noble family, and having to perform only nominal or
honorary duties.
 -- Old maid. See under Old.

MAIDAN
Mai*dan", n. [Written also midan, meidan, mydan, etc.] [Hind. & Per.
maidan, fr. Ar. maidan.]

Defn: In various parts of Asia, an open space, as for military
exercises, or for a market place; an open grassy tract; an esplanade.

A gallop on the green maidan.
M. Crawford.

MAIDEN
Maid"en, n. Etym: [OE. maiden, meiden, AS. mægden, dim. of AS. mæg,
fr. mago son, servant; akin to G. magd, mädchen, maid, OHG. magad,
Icel. mögr son, Goth. magus boy, child, magaps virgin, and perh. to
Zend. magu youth. Cf. Maid a virgin.]

1. An unmarried woman; a girl or woman who has not experienced sexual
intercourse; a virgin; a maid.
She employed the residue of her life to repairing of highways,
building of bridges, and endowing of maidens. Carew.
A maiden of our century, yet most meek. Tennyson.

2. A female servant. [Obs.]

3. An instrument resembling the guillotine, formerly used in Scotland
for beheading criminals. Wharton.

4. A machine for washing linen.

MAIDEN
Maid"en, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a maiden, or to maidens; suitable to, or
characteristic of, a virgin; as, maiden innocence. "Amid the maiden
throng." Addison.
Have you no modesty, no maiden shame Shak.

2. Never having been married; not having had sexual intercourse;
virgin; -- said usually of the woman, but sometimes of the man; as, a
maiden aunt. "A surprising old maiden lady." Thackeray.

3. Fresh; innocent; unpolluted; pure; hitherto unused. "Maiden
flowers.' Shak.
Full bravely hast thou fleshed Thy maiden sword. Shak.

4. Used of a fortress, signifying that it has never been captured, or
violated. T. Warton. Macaulay. Maiden assize (Eng. Law), an assize
which there is no criminal prosecution; an assize which is unpolluted
with blood. It was usual, at such an assize, for the sheriff to
present the judge with a pair of white gloves. Smart.
 -- Maiden name, the surname of a woman before her marriage.
 -- Maiden pink. (Bot.) See under Pink.
 -- Maiden plum (Bot.), a West Indian tree (Comocladia integrifolia)
with purplish drupes. The sap of the tree is glutinous, and gives a
persistent black stain.
 -- Maiden speech, the first speech made by a person, esp. by a new
member in a public body.
 -- Maiden tower, the tower most capable of resisting an enemy.

MAIDEN
Maid"en, v. t.

Defn: To act coyly like a maiden; -- with it as an indefinite object.
For had I maiden'd it, as many use. Loath for to grant, but loather
to refuse. Bp. Hall.

MAIDENHAIR
Maid"en*hair`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A fern of the genus Adiantum (A. pedatum), having very slender
graceful stalks. It is common in the United States, and is sometimes
used in medicine. The name is also applied to other species of the
same genus, as to the Venus-hair. Maiden grass, the smaller quaking
grass.
 -- Maiden tree. See Ginkgo.

MAIDENHEAD
Maid"en*head, n. Etym: [See Maidenhood.]

1. The state of being a maiden; maidenhood; virginity. Shak.

2. The state of being unused or uncontaminated; freshness; purity.
[Obs.]
The maidenhead of their credit. Sir H. Wotton.

3. The hymen, or virginal membrane.

MAIDENHOOD
Maid"en*hood, n. Etym: [AS. mægdenhad. See Maid, and -hood.]

1. The state of being a maid or a virgin; virginity. Shak.

2. Newness; freshness; uncontaminated state.
The maidenhood Of thy fight. Shak.

MAIDENLIKE
Maid"en*like`, a.

Defn: Like a maiden; modest; coy.

MAIDENLINESS
Maid"en*li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being maidenly; the behavior that becomes a
maid; modesty; gentleness.

MAIDENLY
Maid"en*ly, a.

Defn: Like a maid; suiting a maid; maiden-like; gentle, modest,
reserved.
Must you be blushing . . . What a maidenly man-at-arms are you become
! Shak.

MAIDENLY
Maid"en*ly, adv.

Defn: In a maidenlike manner. "Maidenly demure." Skelton.

MAIDENSHIP
Maid"en*ship, n.

Defn: Maidenhood. [Obs.] Fuller.

MAIDHOOD
Maid"hood, n. Etym: [AS. mæg. See Maid, and -hood.]

Defn: Maidenhood. Shak.

MAIDMARIAN
Maid`ma"ri*an, n. Etym: [Maid + Marian, relating to Mary, or the
Virgin Mary.]

1. The lady of the May games; one of the characters in a morris
dance; a May queen. Afterward, a grotesque character personated in
sports and buffoonery by a man in woman's clothes.

2. A kind of dance. Sir W. Temple.

MAIDPALE
Maid"pale`, a.

Defn: Pale, like a sick girl. Shak.

MAIDSERVANT
Maid"serv`ant, n.

Defn: A female servant.

MAID'S HAIR
Maid's" hair`. (Bot.)

Defn: The yellow bedstraw (Galium verum).

MAIEUTIC; MAIEUTICAL
Ma*ieu"tic, Ma*ieu"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Serving to assist childbirth. Cudworth.

2. Fig. : Aiding, or tending to, the definition and interpretation of
thoughts or language. Payne.

MAIEUTICS
Ma*ieu"tics, n.

Defn: The art of giving birth (i. e., clearness and conviction) to
ideas, which are conceived as struggling for birth. Payne.

MAIGER
Mai"ger, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The meagre.

MAIGRE
Mai"gre, a. Etym: [F. See Meager.]

Defn: Belonging to a fast day or fast; as, a maigre day. Walpole.
Maigre food (R. C. Ch.), food allowed to be eaten on fast days.

MAIHEM
Mai"hem, n.

Defn: See Maim, and Mayhem.

MAIKEL
Mai*kel", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American carnivore of the genus Conepatus, allied to
the skunk, but larger, and having a longer snout. The tail is not
bushy.

MAIKONG
Mai*kong", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American wild dog (Canis cancrivorus); the crab-eating
dog.

MAIL
Mail, n.

Defn: A spot. [Obs.]

MAIL
Mail, n. Etym: [F. maille, OF. also maaille, LL. medalia. See Medal.]

1. A small piece of money; especially, an English silver half-penny
of the time of Henry V. [Obs.] [Written also maile, and maille.]

2. Rent; tribute. [Obs., except in certain compounds and phrases, as
blackmail, mails and duties, etc.] Mail and duties (Scots Law), the
rents of an estate, in whatever form paid.

MAIL
Mail, n. Etym: [OE. maile, maille, F. maille a ring of mail, mesh,
network, a coat of mail, fr. L. macula spot, a mesh of a net. Cf.
Macle, Macula, Mascle.]

1. A flexible fabric made of metal rings interlinked. It was used
especially for defensive armor. Chaucer. Chain mail, Coat of mail.
See under Chain, and Coat.

2. Hence generally, armor, or any defensive covering.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A contrivance of interlinked rings, for rubbing off the loose
hemp on lines and white cordage.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any hard protective covering of an animal, as the scales and
plates of reptiles, shell of a lobster, etc.
We . . . strip the lobster of his scarlet mail. Gay.

MAIL
Mail, v. t.

1. To arm with mail.

2. To pinion. [Obs.]

MAIL
Mail, n. Etym: [OE. male bag, OF. male, F. malle bag, trunk, mail,
OHG. malaha, malha, wallet; akin to D. maal, male; cf. Gael. & Ir.
mala, Gr.

1. A bag; a wallet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. The bag or bags with the letters, papers, papers, or other matter
contained therein, conveyed under public authority from one post
office to another; the whole system of appliances used by government
in the conveyance and delivery of mail matter.
There is a mail come in to-day, with letters dated Hague. Tatler.

3. That which comes in the mail; letters, etc., received through the
post office.

4. A trunk, box, or bag, in which clothing, etc., may be carried.
[Obs.] Sir W. Scott. Mail bag, a bag in which mailed matter is
conveyed under public authority.
 -- Mail boat, a boat that carries the mail.
 -- Mail catcher, an iron rod, or other contrivance, attached to a
railroad car for catching a mail bag while the train is in motion.
 -- Mail guard, an officer whose duty it is to guard the public
mails. [Eng.] -- Mail train, a railroad train carrying the mail.

MAIL
Mail, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Mailing.]

Defn: To deliver into the custody of the postoffice officials, or
place in a government letter box, for transmission by mail; to post;
as, to mail a letter. [U. S.]

Note: In the United States to mail and to post are both in common
use; as, to mail or post a letter. In England post is the commoner
usage.

MAILABLE
Mail"a*ble, a.

Defn: Admissible lawfully into the mail. [U.S.]

MAILCLAD
Mail"clad`, a.

Defn: Protected by a coat of mail; clad in armor. Sir W. Scott.

MAILED
Mailed, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Protected by an external coat, or covering, of scales or
plates.

MAILED
Mailed, a. Etym: [See 1st Mail.]

Defn: Spotted; speckled.

MAILING
Mail"ing, n. Etym: [Scot., fr. mail tribute, rent. See 2d Mail.]

Defn: A farm. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

MAIL-SHELL
Mail"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A chiton.

MAIM
Maim, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Maimed;p. pr. & vb. n. Maiming.] Etym: [OE.
maimen, OF. mahaignier, mehaignier, meshaignier, cf. It. magagnare,
LL. mahemiare, mahennare; perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. mac'ha
to mutilate, mac'ha to crowd, press; or cf. OHG. mang to lack, perh.
akin to E. mangle to lacerate. Cf. Mayhem.]

1. To deprive of the use of a limb, so as to render a person on
fighting less able either to defend himself or to annoy his
adversary.
By the ancient law of England he that maimed any man whereby he lost
any part of his body, was sentenced to lose the like part.
Blackstone.

2. To mutilate; to cripple; to injure; to disable; to impair.
My late maimed limbs lack wonted might. Spenser.
You maimed the jurisdiction of all bishops. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To mutilate; mangle; cripple.

MAIM
Maim, n. [Written in law language maihem, and mayhem.] Etym: [OF.
mehaing. See Maim, v.]

1. The privation of the use of a limb or member of the body, by which
one is rendered less able to defend himself or to annoy his
adversary.

2. The privation of any necessary part; a crippling; mutilation;
injury; deprivation of something essential. See Mayhem.
Surely there is more cause to fear lest the want there of be a maim
than the use of it a blemish. Hooker.
A noble author esteems it to be a maim in history that the acts of
Parliament should not be recited. Hayward.

MAIMEDLY
Maim"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a maimed manner.

MAIMEDNESS
Maim"ed*ness, n.

Defn: State of being maimed. Bolton.

MAIN
Main, n. Etym: [F. main hand, L. manus. See Manual.]

1. A hand or match at dice. Prior. Thackeray.

2. A stake played for at dice. [Obs.] Shak.

3. The largest throw in a match at dice; a throw at dice within given
limits, as in the game of hazard.

4. A match at cockfighting. "My lord would ride twenty miles . . . to
see a main fought." Thackeray.

5. A main-hamper. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

MAIN
Main, n. Etym: [AS. mægen strength, power, force; akin to OHG. magan,
Icel. megin, and to E. may, v. May, v.]

1. Strength; force; might; violent effort. [Obs., except in certain
phrases.]
There were in this battle of most might and main. R. of Gl.
He 'gan advance, With huge force, and with importable main. Spenser.

2. The chief or principal part; the main or most important thing.
[Obs., except in special uses.]
Resolved to rest upon the title of Lancaster as the main, and to use
the other two . . . but as supporters. Bacon.

3. Specifically:
(a) The great sea, as distinguished from an arm, bay, etc. ; the high
sea; the ocean. "Struggling in the main." Dryden.
(b) The continent, as distinguished from an island; the mainland.
"Invaded the main of Spain." Bacon.
(c) principal duct or pipe, as distinguished from lesser ones; esp.
(Engin.), a principal pipe leading to or from a reservoir; as, a fire
main. Forcing main, the delivery pipe of a pump.
 -- For the main, or In the main, for the most part; in the greatest
part.
 -- With might and main, or With all one's might and main, with all
one's strength; with violent effort.
With might and main they chased the murderous fox. Dryden.

MAIN
Main, a. Etym: [From Main strength, possibly influenced by OF. maine,
magne, great, L. magnus. Cf. Magnate.]

1. Very or extremely strong. [Obs.]
That current with main fury ran. Daniel.

2. Vast; huge. [Obs.] "The main abyss." Milton.

3. Unqualified; absolute; entire; sheer. [Obs.] "It's a man untruth."
Sir W. Scott.

4. Principal; chief; first in size, rank, importance, etc.
Our main interest is to be happy as we can. Tillotson.

5. Important; necessary. [Obs.]
That which thou aright Believest so main to our success, I bring.
Milton.
By main force, by mere force or sheer force; by violent effort; as,
to subdue insurrection by main force.
That Maine which by main force Warwick did win. Shak.
-- By main strength, by sheer strength; as, to lift a heavy weight by
main strength.
 -- Main beam (Steam Engine), working beam.
 -- Main boom (Naut.), the boom which extends the foot of the
mainsail in a fore and aft vessel.
 -- Main brace. (a) (Mech.) The brace which resists the chief strain.
Cf. Counter brace. (b) (Naut.) The brace attached to the main yard.
 -- Main center (Steam Engine), a shaft upon which a working beam or
side lever swings.
 -- Main chance. See under Chance.
 -- Main couple (Arch.), the principal truss in a roof.
 -- Main deck (Naut.), the deck next below the spar deck; the
principal deck.
 -- Main keel (Naut.), the principal or true keel of a vessel, as
distinguished from the false keel.

Syn.
 -- Principal; chief; leading; cardinal; capital.

MAIN
Main, adv. Etym: [See Main, a.]

Defn: Very extremely; as, main heavy. "I'm main dry." Foote. [Obs. or
Low]

MAINE
Maine, n.

Defn: One of the New England States. Maine law, any law prohibiting
the manufacture and sale of intoxicating beverages, esp. one
resembling that enacted in the State of Maine.

MAIN-GAUCHE
Main`-gauche" (mâN`gosh"), n. Etym: [F., the left hand.] (Ancient
Armor)

Defn: The dagger held in the left hand, while the rapier is held in
the right; -- used to parry thrusts of the adversary's rapier.

MAIN-HAMPER
Main"-ham`per, n. Etym: [F. main hand (see Main a hand at dice) + E.
hamper.]

Defn: A hamper to be carried in the hand; a hand basket used in
carrying grapes to the press.

MAINLAND
Main"land`, n.

Defn: The continent; the principal land; -- opposed to island, or
peninsula. Dryden.
After the two wayfarers had crossed from the peninsula to the
mainland. Hawthorne.

MAINLY
Main"ly, adv. Etym: [From main strong. See Main strength.]

Defn: Very strongly; mightily; to a great degree. [Obs.] Bacon. Shak.

MAINLY
Main"ly, adv. Etym: [From main principal, chief.]

Defn: Principally; chiefly.

MAINMAST
Main"mast`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The principal mast in a ship or other vessel.

MAINOR
Main"or, n. Etym: [Anglo-Norm. meinoure, OF. manuevre. See Maneuver.]
(O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A thing stolen found on the person of the thief.

Note: A thief was said to be "taken with the mainor," when he was
taken with the thing stolen upon him, that is, in his hands. Wharton.
Bouvier.

MAINPERNABLE
Main"per*na*ble, a. Etym: [OF. main hand + pernable, for prenable,
that may be taken, pregnable. See Mainpernor.] (Law)

Defn: Capable of being admitted to give surety by mainpernors; able
to be mainprised.

MAINPERNOR
Main"per*nor, n. Etym: [OF. main hand + pernor, for preneor, a taker,
F. preneur, fr. prendre to take.] (Law)

Defn: A surety, under the old writ of mainprise, for a prisoner's
appearance in court at a day.

Note: Mainpernors differ from bail in that a man's bail may imprison
or surrender him before the stipulated day of appearance; mainpernors
can do neither; they are bound to produce him to answer all charges
whatsoever. Blackstone.

MAINPIN
Main"pin, n. (Vehicles)

Defn: A kingbolt.

MAINPRISE
Main"prise, n. Etym: [F. main hand + prise a taking, fr. prendre, p.
p. pris to take, fr. L. prehendere, prehensum.] (Law)
(a) A writ directed to the sheriff, commanding him to take sureties,
called mainpernors, for the prisoner's appearance, and to let him go
at large. This writ is now obsolete. Wharton.
(b) Deliverance of a prisoner on security for his appearance at a
day.

MAINPRISE
Main"prise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mainprised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Mainprising.] (Law)

Defn: To suffer to go at large, on his finding sureties, or
mainpernors, for his appearance at a day; -- said of a prisoner.

MAINS
Mains, n. Etym: [Scot. See Manse.]

Defn: The farm attached to a mansion house. [Scot.]

MAINSAIL
Main"sail`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The principal sail in a ship or other vessel.
[They] hoised up the mainsail to the wind. Acts xxvii. 40.

Note: The mainsail of a ship is extended upon a yard attached to the
mainmast, and that of a sloop or schooner upon the boom.

MAINSHEET
Main"sheet`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: One of the ropes by which the mainsail is hauled aft and
trimmed.

MAINSPRING
Main"spring`, n.

Defn: The principal or most important spring in a piece of mechanism,
especially the moving spring of a watch or clock or the spring in a
gunlock which impels the hammer. Hence: The chief or most powerful
motive; the efficient cause of action.

MAINSTAY
Main"stay`, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The stay extending from the foot of the foremast to the
maintop.

2. Main support; principal dependence.
The great mainstay of the Church. Buckle.

MAINSWEAR
Main"swear`, v. i. Etym: [AS. manswerian to forswear; man sin, crime
+ swerian to swear.]

Defn: To swear falsely. [Obs.] Blount.

MAINTAIN
Main*tain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Maintained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Maintaining.] Etym: [OE. maintenen, F. maintenir, properly, to hold
by the hand; main hand (L. manus) + F. tenir to hold (L.tenere). See
Manual, and Tenable.]

1. To hold or keep in any particular state or condition; to support;
to sustain; to uphold; to keep up; not to suffer to fail or decline;
as, to maintain a certain degree of heat in a furnace; to maintain a
fence or a railroad; to maintain the digestive process or powers of
the stomach; to maintain the fertility of soil; to maintain present
reputation.

2. To keep possession of; to hold and defend; not to surrender or
relinquish.
God values . . . every one as he maintains his post. Grew.

3. To continue; not to suffer to cease or fail.
Maintain talk with the duke. Shak.

4. To bear the expense of; to support; to keep up; to supply with
what is needed.
Glad, by his labor, to maintain his life. Stirling.
What maintains one vice would bring up two children. Franklin.

5. To affirm; to support or defend by argument.
It is hard to maintain the truth, but much harder to be maintained by
it. South.

Syn.
 -- To assert; vindicate; allege. See Assert.

MAINTAINABLE
Main*tain"a*ble, a.

Defn: That maybe maintained.

MAINTAINER
Main*tain"er, n.

Defn: One who maintains.

MAINTAINOR
Main*tain"or, n. Etym: [OF. mainteneor, F. mainteneur.] (Crim. Law)

Defn: One who, not being interested, maintains a cause depending
between others, by furnishing money, etc., to either party. Bouvier.
Wharton.

MAINTENANCE
Main"te*nance, n. Etym: [OF. maintenance. See Maintain.]

1. The act of maintaining; sustenance; support; defense; vindication.
Whatsoever is granted to the church for God's honor and the
maintenance of his service, is granted to God. South.

2. That which maintains or supports; means of sustenance; supply of
necessaries and conveniences.
Those of better fortune not making learning their maintenance. Swift.

3. (Crim. Law)

Defn: An officious or unlawful intermeddling in a cause depending
between others, by assisting either party with money or means to
carry it on. See Champerty. Wharton. Cap of maintenance. See under
Cap.

MAINTOP
Main"top`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The platform about the head of the mainmast in square-rigged
vessels.

MAIN YARD
Main" yard`. (Naut.)

Defn: The yard on which the mainsail is extended, supported by the
mainmast.

MAIOID
Mai"oid, a. Etym: [Maia + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the genus Maia, or family Maiadeæ.

MAISTER
Mais"ter, n.

Defn: Master. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

MAISTER
Mais"ter, a.

Defn: Principal; chief. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MAISTRE; MAISTRIE; MAISTRY
Mais"tre, Mais"trie, Mais"try, n.

Defn: Mastery; superiority; art. See Mastery. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MAISTRESS
Mais"tress, n.

Defn: Mistress. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MAITHES
Mai"thes, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Maghet.

MAIZE
Maize, n. Etym: [Sp. maiz. fr. mahiz or mahis, i (Bot.)

Defn: A large species of American grass of the genus Zea (Z. Mays),
widely cultivated as a forage and food plant; Indian corn. Also, its
seed, growing on cobs, and used as food for men animals. Maize eater
(Zoöl.), a South American bird of the genus Pseudoleistes, allied to
the troupials.
 -- Maize yellow, a delicate pale yellow.

MAJESTATIC; MAJESTATAL
Maj`es*tat"ic, Maj`es*tat"*al, a.

Defn: Majestic. [Obs.] E. Pocock. Dr. J. Scott.

MAJESTIC
Ma*jes"tic, a. Etym: [From Majesty.]

Defn: Possessing or exhibiting majesty; of august dignity,
stateliness, or imposing grandeur; lofty; noble; grand. "The majestic
world." Shak. "Tethys'grave majestic pace." Milton.
The least portions must be of the epic kind; all must be grave,
majestic, and sublime. Dryden
.

Syn.
 -- August; splendid; grand; sublime; magnificent; imperial; regal;
pompous; stately; lofty; dignified; elevated.

MAJESTICAL
Ma*jes"tic*al, a.

Defn: Majestic. Cowley.
An older architecture, greater, cunninger, more majestical. M.
Arnold.
-- Ma*jes"tic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Ma*jes"tic*al*ness, n.

MAJESTICNESS
Ma*jes"tic*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being majestic. Oldenburg.

MAJESTY
Maj"es*ty, n.; pl. Majesties. Etym: [OE. magestee, F. majesté, L.
majestas, fr. an old compar. of magnus great. See Major, Master.]

Defn: The dignity and authority of sovereign power; quality or state
which inspires awe or reverence; grandeur; exalted dignity, whether
proceeding from rank, character, or bearing; imposing loftiness;
stateliness; -- usually applied to the rank and dignity of
sovereigns.
The Lord reigneth; he is clothed with majesty. Ps. xciii. 1.
No sovereign has ever represented the majesty of great state with
more dignity and grace. Macaulay.

2. Hence, used with the possessive pronoun, the title of an emperor,
king or queen; -- in this sense taking a plural; as, their majesties
attended the concert.
In all the public writs which he [Emperor Charles V.] now issued as
King of Spain, he assumed the title of Majesty, and required it from
his subjects as a mark of respect. Before that time all the monarchs
of Europe were satisfied with the appellation of Highness or Grace.
Robertson.

3. Dignity; elevation of manner or style. Dryden.

MAJOLICA
Ma*jol"i*ca, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A kind of pottery, with opaque glazing and showy, which reached
its greatest perfection in Italy in the 16th century.

Note: The term is said to be derived from Majorca, which was an early
seat of this manufacture. Heyse.

MAJOR
Ma"jor, Etym: [L. major, compar. of magnus great: cf. F. majeur. Cf.
Master, Mayor, Magnitude, More, a.]

1. Greater in number, quantity, or extent; as, the major part of the
assembly; the major part of the revenue; the major part of the
territory.

2. Of greater dignity; more important. Shak.

3. Of full legal age. [Obs.]

4. (Mus.)

Defn: Greater by a semitone, either in interval or in difference of
pitch from another tone. Major axis (Geom.), the greater axis. See
Focus, n., 2.
 -- Major key (Mus.), a key in which one and two, two and three, four
and five, five and six and seven, make major seconds, and three and
four, and seven and eight, make minor seconds.
 -- Major offense (Law), an offense of a greater degree which
contains a lesser offense, as murder and robbery include assault.
 -- Major premise (Logic), that premise of a syllogism which contains
the major term.
 -- Major scale (Mus.), the natural diatonic scale, which has
semitones between the third and fourth, and seventh and fourth, and
seventh and eighth degrees; the scale of the major mode, of which the
third is major. See Scale, and Diatonic.
 -- Major second (Mus.), a second between whose tones is a difference
in pitch of a step.
 -- Major sixth (Mus.), a sixth of four steps and a half step. In
major keys the third and sixth from the key tone are major. Major
keys and intervals, as distinguished from minors, are more cheerful.
 -- Major term (Logic), that term of a syllogism which forms the
predicate of the conclusion.
 -- Major third (Mus.), a third of two steps.

MAJOR
Ma"jor, n. Etym: [F. major. See Major, a.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: An officer next in rank above a captain and next below a
lieutenant colonel; the lowest field officer.

2. (Law)

Defn: A person of full age.

3. (Logic)

Defn: That premise which contains the major term. It its the first
proposition of a regular syllogism; as: No unholy person is qualified
for happiness in heaven [the major]. Every man in his natural state
is unholy [minor]. Therefore, no man in his natural state is
qualified for happiness in heaven [conclusion or inference].

Note: In hypothetical syllogisms, the hypothetical premise is called
the major.

4. Etym: [LL. See Major.]

Defn: A mayor. [Obs.] Bacon.

MAJORAT
Ma`jo`rat", n. Etym: [F. majorat, LL. majoratus. See Major, a., and
cf. Majorate.]

1. The right of succession to property according to age; -- so termed
in some of the countries of continental Europe.

2. (French Law)

Defn: Property, landed or funded, so attached to a title of honor as
to descend with it.

MAJORATE
Ma"jor*ate, n.

Defn: The office or rank of a major.

MAJORATE
Ma"jor*ate, v. t. Etym: [LL. majorare to augment. See Major, a.]

Defn: To augment; to increase. [Obs.] Howell.

MAJORATION
Ma`jor*a"tion, n.

Defn: Increase; enlargement. [Obs.] Bacon.

MAJORCAN
Ma*jor"can, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Majorca.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Majorca.

MAJOR-DOMO
Ma`jor-do"mo, n. Etym: [Sp. mayordomo, or It. maggiordomo; both fr.
LL. majordomus; L. major greater + domus house.]

Defn: A man who has authority to act, within certain limits, as
master of the house; a steward; also, a chief minister or officer.

MAJOR GENERAL
Ma"jor gen"er*al

Defn: . An officer of the army holding a rank next above that of
brigadier general and next below that of lieutenant general, and who
usually commands a division or a corps.

MAJORITY
Ma*jor"i*ty, n.; pl. Majorities. Etym: [F. majorité. See Major.]

1. The quality or condition of being major or greater; superiority.
Specifically:
(a) The military rank of a major.
(b) The condition of being of full age, or authorized by law to
manage one's own affairs.

2. The greater number; more than half; as, a majority of mankind; a
majority of the votes cast.

3. Etym: [Cf. L. majores.]

Defn: Ancestors; ancestry. [Obs.]

4. The amount or number by which one aggregate exceeds all other
aggregates with which it is contrasted; especially, the number by
which the votes for a successful candidate exceed those for all other
candidates; as, he is elected by a majority of five hundred votes.
See Plurality. To go over to, or To join, the majority, to die.

MAJORSHIP
Ma"jor*ship, n.

Defn: The office of major.

MAJOUN
Maj"oun, n.

Defn: See Madjoun.

MAJUSCULAE
Ma*jus"cu*læ, n. pl. Etym: [L., fem. pl. fr. majusculus somewhat
greater or great, dim. of major, majus. See Major.] (Palæography)

Defn: Capital letters, as found in manuscripts of the sixth century
and earlier.

MAJUSCULE
Ma*jus"cule, n. Etym: [Cf. F. majuscule. See Majusculæ.]

Defn: A capital letter; especially, one used in ancient manuscripts.
See Majusculæ. Majuscule writing, writing composed wholly of capital
letters, especially the style which prevailed in Europe from the
third to the sixth century.

MAKABLE
Mak"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being made.

MAKARON
Mak"a*ron, n.

Defn: See Macaroon, 2. [Obs.]

MAKE
Make, n. Etym: [AS. maca, gemaca. See Match.]

Defn: A companion; a mate; often, a husband or a wife. [Obs.]
For in this world no woman is Worthy to be my make. Chaucer.

MAKE
Make, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Made; p. pr. & vb. n. Making.] Etym: [OE.
maken, makien, AS. macian; akin to OS. mak, OFries. makia, D. maken,
G. machen, OHG. mahh to join, fit, prepare, make, Dan. mage. Cf.
Match an equal.]

1. To cause to exist; to bring into being; to form; to produce; to
frame; to fashion; to create. Hence, in various specific uses or
applications:
(a) To form of materials; to cause to exist in a certain form; to
construct; to fabricate.
He . . . fashioned it with a graving tool, after he had made it a
molten calf. Ex. xxxii. 4.

(b) To produce, as something artificial, unnatural, or false; --
often with up; as, to make up a story.
And Art, with her contending, doth aspire To excel the natural with
made delights. Spenser.

(c) To bring about; to bring forward; to be the cause or agent of; to
effect, do, perform, or execute; -- often used with a noun to form a
phrase equivalent to the simple verb that corresponds to such noun;
as, to make complaint, for to complain; to make record of, for to
record; to make abode, for to abide, etc.
Call for Samson, that he may make us sport. Judg. xvi. 25.
Wealth maketh many friends. Prov. xix. 4.
I will neither plead my age nor sickness in excuse of the faults
which I have made. Dryden.

(d) To execute with the requisite formalities; as, to make a bill,
note, will, deed, etc.
(e) To gain, as the result of one's efforts; to get, as profit; to
make acquisition of; to have accrue or happen to one; as, to make a
large profit; to make an error; to make a loss; to make money.
He accuseth Neptune unjustly who makes shipwreck a second time.
Bacon.

(f) To find, as the result of calculation or computation; to
ascertain by enumeration; to find the number or amount of, by
reckoning, weighing, measurement, and the like; as, he made the
distance of; to travel over; as, the ship makes ten knots an hour; he
made the distance in one day.
(h) To put a desired or desirable condition; to cause to thrive.
Who makes or ruins with a smile or frown. Dryden.

2. To cause to be or become; to put into a given state verb, or
adjective; to constitute; as, to make known; to make public; to make
fast.
Who made thee a prince and a judge over us Ex. ii. 14.
See, I have made thee a god to Pharaoh. Ex. vii. 1.

Note: When used reflexively with an adjective, the reflexive pronoun
is often omitted; as, to make merry; to make bold; to make free, etc.

3. To cause to appear to be; to constitute subjectively; to esteem,
suppose, or represent.
He is not that goose and ass that Valla would make him. Baker.

4. To require; to constrain; to compel; to force; to cause; to
occasion; -- followed by a noun or pronoun and infinitive.

Note: In the active voice the to of the infinitive is usually
omitted.
I will make them hear my words. Deut. iv. 10.
They should be made to rise at their early hour. Locke.

5. To become; to be, or to be capable of being, changed or fashioned
into; to do the part or office of; to furnish the material for; as,
he will make a good musician; sweet cider makes sour vinegar; wool
makes warm clothing.
And old cloak makes a new jerkin. Shak.

6. To compose, as parts, ingredients, or materials; to constitute; to
form; to amount to.
The heaven, the air, the earth, and boundless sea, Make but one
temple for the Deity. Waller.

7. To be engaged or concerned in. [Obs.]
Gomez, what makest thou here, with a whole brotherhood of city
bailiffs Dryden.

8. To reach; to attain; to arrive at or in sight of. "And make the
Libyan shores." Dryden.
They that sail in the middle can make no land of either side. Sir T.
Browne.
To make a bed, to prepare a bed for being slept on, or to put it in
order.
 -- To make a card (Card Playing), to take a trick with it.
 -- To make account. See under Account, n.
 -- To make account of, to esteem; to regard.
 -- To make away. (a) To put out of the way; to kill; to destroy.
[Obs.]
If a child were crooked or deformed in body or mind, they made him
away. Burton.
(b) To alienate; to transfer; to make over. [Obs.] Waller.
 -- To make believe, to pretend; to feign; to simulate.
 -- To make bold, to take the liberty; to venture.
 -- To make the cards (Card Playing), to shuffle the pack.
 -- To make choice of, to take by way of preference; to choose.
 -- To make danger, to make experiment. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
 -- To make default (Law), to fail to appear or answer.
 -- To make the doors, to shut the door. [Obs.]
Make the doors upon a woman's wit, and it will out at the casement.
Shak.
- To make free with. See under Free, a.
 -- To make good. See under Good.
 -- To make head, to make headway.
 -- To make light of. See under Light, a.
 -- To make little of. (a) To belittle. (b) To accomplish easily.
 -- To make love to. See under Love, n.
 -- To make meat, to cure meat in the open air. [Colloq. Western U.
S.] -- To make merry, to feast; to be joyful or jovial.
 -- To make much of, to treat with much consideration,, attention, or
fondness; to value highly.
 -- To make no bones. See under Bone, n.
 -- To make no difference, to have no weight or influence; to be a
matter of indifference.
 -- To make no doubt, to have no doubt.
 -- To make no matter, to have no weight or importance; to make no
difference.
 -- To make oath (Law), to swear, as to the truth of something, in a
prescribed form of law.
 -- To make of. (a) To understand or think concerning; as, not to
know what to make of the news. (b) To pay attention to; to cherish;
to esteem; to account. "Makes she no more of me than of a slave."
Dryden.
 -- To make one's law (Old Law), to adduce proof to clear one's self
of a charge.
 -- To make out. (a) To find out; to discover; to decipher; as, to
make out the meaning of a letter. (b) To prove; to establish; as, the
plaintiff was unable to make out his case. (c) To make complete or
exact; as, he was not able to make out the money.
 -- To make over, to transfer the title of; to convey; to alienate;
as, he made over his estate in trust or in fee.
 -- To make sail. (Naut.) (a) To increase the quantity of sail
already extended. (b) To set sail.
 -- To make shift, to manage by expedients; as, they made shift to do
without it. [Colloq.].
 -- To make sternway, to move with the stern foremost; to go or drift
backward.
 -- To make strange, to act in an unfriendly manner or as if
surprised; to treat as strange; as, to make strange of a request or
suggestion.
 -- To make suit to, to endeavor to gain the favor of; to court.
 -- To make sure. See under Sure.
 -- To make up. (a) To collect into a sum or mass; as, to make up the
amount of rent; to make up a bundle or package. (b) To reconcile; to
compose; as, to make up a difference or quarrel. (c) To supply what
is wanting in; to complete; as, a dollar is wanted to make up the
stipulated sum. (d) To compose, as from ingredients or parts; to
shape, prepare, or fabricate; as, to make up a mass into pills; to
make up a story.
He was all made up of love and charms! Addison.
(e) To compensate; to make good; as, to make up a loss. (f) To
adjust, or to arrange for settlement; as, to make up accounts. (g) To
dress and paint for a part, as an actor; as, he was well made up.
 -- To make up a face, to distort the face as an expression of pain
or derision.
 -- To make up one's mind, to reach a mental determination; to
resolve.
 -- To make water. (a) (Naut.) To leak. (b) To urinate.
 -- To make way, or To make one's way. (a) To make progress; to
advance. (b) To open a passage; to clear the way.
 -- To make words, to multiply words.

MAKE
Make, v. i.

1. To act in a certain manner; to have to do; to manage; to
interfere; to be active; -- often in the phrase to meddle or make.
[Obs.]
A scurvy, jack-a-nape priest to meddle or make. Shak.

2. To proceed; to tend; to move; to go; as, he made toward home; the
tiger made at the sportsmen.

Note: Formerly, authors used to make on, to make forth, to make
about; but these phrases are obsolete. We now say, to make at, to
make away, to make for, to make off, to make toward, etc.

3. To tend; to contribute; to have effect; -- with for or against;
as, it makes for his advantage. M. Arnold.
Follow after the things which make for peace. Rom. xiv. 19.
Considerations infinite Do make against it. Shak.

4. To increase; to augment; to accrue.

5. To compose verses; to write poetry; to versify. [Archaic] Chaucer.
Tennyson.
To solace him some time, as I do when I make. P. Plowman.
To make as if, or To make as though, to pretend that; to make show
that; to make believe (see under Make, v. t.).
Joshua and all Israel made as if they were beaten before them, and
fled. Josh. viii. 15.
My lord of London maketh as though he were greatly displeased with
me. Latimer.
-- To make at, to go toward hastily, or in a hostile manner; to
attack.
 -- To make away with. (a) To carry off. (b) To transfer or alienate;
hence, to spend; to dissipate. (c) To kill; to destroy.
 -- To make off, to go away suddenly.
 -- To make out, to succeed; to be able at last; to make shift; as,
he made out to reconcile the contending parties.
 -- To make up, to become reconciled or friendly.
 -- To make up for, to compensate for; to supply an equivalent for.
 -- To make up to. (a) To approach; as, a suspicious boat made up to
us. (b) To pay addresses to; to make love to.
 -- To make up with, to become reconciled to. [Colloq.] -- To make
with, to concur or agree with. Hooker.

MAKE
Make, n.

Defn: Structure, texture, constitution of parts; construction; shape;
form.
It our perfection of so frail a make As every plot can undermine and
shake Dryden.
On the make,bent upon making great profits; greedy of gain. [Low, U.
S.]

MAKE AND BREAK
Make and break. (Elec.)

Defn: Any apparatus for making and breaking an electric circuit; a
circuit breaker.

MAKEBATE
Make"bate`, n. Etym: [Make, v. + bate a quarrel.]

Defn: One who excites contentions and quarrels. [Obs.]

MAKE-BELIEF
Make"-be*lief`, n.

Defn: A feigning to believe; make believe. J. H. Newman.

MAKE-BELIEVE
Make"-be*lieve`, n.

Defn: A feigning to believe, as in the play of children; a mere
pretense; a fiction; an invention. "Childlike make-believe." Tylor.
To forswear self-delusion and make-believe. M. Arnold.

MAKE-BELIEVE
Make"-be*lieve`, a.

Defn: Feigned; insincere. "Make-believe reverence." G. Eliot.

MAKED
Mak"ed, obs. p. p. of Make.

Defn: Made. Chaucer.

MAKE-GAME
Make"-game`, n.

Defn: An object of ridicule; a butt. Godwin.

MAKELESS
Make"less, a. Etym: [See 1st Make, and cf. Matchless, Mateless.]

1. Matchless. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Without a mate. Shak.

MAKE-PEACE
Make"-peace` (-pes`) n.

Defn: A peacemaker. [R.] Shak.

MAKER
Mak"er (mak"er) n.,

1. One who makes, forms, or molds; a manufacturer; specifically, the
Creator.
The universal Maker we may praise. Milton.

2. (Law)

Defn: The person who makes a promissory note.

3. One who writes verses; a poet. [Obs.]

Note: "The Greeks named the poet poihth`s, which name, as the most
excellent, hath gone through other languages. It cometh of this word
poiei^n, make; wherein, I know not whether by luck or wisdom, we
Englishmen have met well the Greeks in calling him a maker." Sir P.
Sidney.

MAKESHIFT
Make"shift`, n.

Defn: That with which one makes shift; a temporary expedient. James
Mill.
I am not a model clergyman, only a decent makeshift. G. Eliot.

MAKE-UP
Make"-up`, n.

Defn: The way in which the parts of anything are put together; often,
the way in which an actor is dressed, painted, etc., in personating a
character.
The unthinking masses are necessarily teleological in their mental
make-up. L. F. Ward.

MAKEWEIGHT
Make"weight` (, n.

Defn: That which is thrown into a scale to make weight; something of
little account added to supply a deficiency or fill a gap.

MAKI
Ma"ki, n. Etym: [F., from native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lemur. See Lemur.

MAKING
Mak"ing, n.

1. The act of one who makes; workmanship; fabrication; construction;
as, this is cloth of your own making; the making of peace or war was
in his power.

2. Composition, or structure.

3. a poem.[Obs.] Sir J. Davies.

4. That which establishes or places in a desirable state or
condition; the material of which something may be made; as, early
misfortune was the making of him.

5. External appearance; from. [Obs.] Shak.

MAKING-IRON
Mak"ing-i`ron, n.

Defn: A tool somewhat like a chisel with a groove in it, used by
calkers of ships to finish the seams after the oakum has been driven
in.

MAKING-UP
Mak"ing-up`, n.

1. The act of bringing spirits to a certain degree of strength,
called proof.

2. The act of becoming reconciled or friendly.

MAL-
Mal-

Defn: . A prefix in composition denoting ill,or evil, F. male, adv.,
fr. malus, bad, ill. In some words it has the form male-, as in
malediction, malevolent. See Malice.

Note: The formmale- is chiefly used in cases where the c, either
alone or with other letters, is pronounced as a separate syllable, as
in malediction, malefactor, maleficent, etc. Where this is not the
case, as in malfeasance or male-feasance, malformation or male-
formation, etc., as also where the word to which it is prefixed
commences with a vowel, as in maladministration, etc., the form malis
to be preferred, and is the one commonly employed.

MALA
Ma"la, n.; pl. of Malum. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Evils; wrongs; offenses against right and law. Mala in se Etym:
[L.] (Law), offenses which are such from their own nature, at common
law, irrespective of statute.
 -- Mala prohibita Etym: [L.] (Law), offenses prohibited by statute,
as distinguished from mala in se, which are offenses at common law.

MALABAR
Mal"a*bar`, n.

Defn: A region in the western part of the Peninsula of India, between
the mountains and the sea. Malabar nut (Bot.), the seed of an East
Indian acanthaceous shrub, the Adhatoda Vasica, sometimes used
medicinally.

MALACATUNE
Mal`a*ca*tune", n.

Defn: See Melocoton.

MALACCA
Ma*lac"ca, n.

Defn: A town and district upon the seacoast of the Malay Peninsula.
Malacca cane (Bot.), a cane obtained from a species of palm of the
genus Calamus (C. Scipionum), and of a brown color, often mottled.
The plant is a native of Cochin China, Sumatra, and Malays.

MALACHITE
Mal"a*chite, n. Etym: [Fr. Gr. malachite. Cf. Mallow.] (Min.)

Defn: Native hydrous carbonate of copper, usually occurring in green
mammillary masses with concentric fibrous structure.

Note: Green malachite, or malachite proper, admits of a high polish,
and is sometimes used for ornamental work. Blue malachite, or
azurite, is a related species of a deep blue color. Malachite green.
See Emerald green, under Green, n.

MALACISSANT
Mal`a*cis"sant, a. Etym: [See Malacissation.]

Defn: Softening; relaxing. [Obs.]

MALACISSATION
Mal`a*cis*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. malacissare to make soft, Gr.

Defn: The act of making soft or supple. [Obs.] Bacon.

MALACOBDELLA
Mal`a*cob*del"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of nemertean worms, parasitic in the gill cavity of
clams and other bivalves. They have a large posterior sucker, like
that of a leech. See Illust. of Bdellomorpha.

MALACODERM
Mal"a*co*derm, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of beetles (Malacodermata), with a soft and
flexible body, as the fireflies.

MALACOLITE
Mal"a*co*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of pyroxene.

MALACOLOGIST
Mal`a*col"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in the science of malacology.

MALACOLOGY
Mal`a*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. malacologie.]

Defn: The science which relates to the structure and habits of
mollusks.

MALACOPODA
Mal`a*cop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of air-breathing Arthropoda; -- called also
Protracheata, and Onychophora.

Note: They somewhat resemble myriapods, and have from seventeen to
thirty-three pairs of short, imperfectly jointed legs, two pairs of
simple jaws, and a pair of antennæ. The trancheæ are connected with
numerous spiracles scattered over the surface of the body. Peripatus
is the only known genus. See Peripatus.

MALACOPTERYGIAN
Mal`a*cop`ter*yg"i*an, n. Etym: [Cf. F. malacoptérygien.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Malacopterygii.

MALACOPTERYGII
Mal`a*cop`te*ryg"i*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes in which the fin rays, except the anterior
ray of the pectoral and dorsal fins, are closely jointed, and not
spiny. It includes the carp, pike, salmon, shad, etc. Called also
Malacopteri.

MALACOPTERYGIOUS
Mal`a*cop`ter*yg"i*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Malacopterygii.

MALACOSTEON
Mal`a*cos"te*on, n. Etym: [NL., Gr. fr. (Med.)

Defn: A peculiar disease of the bones, in consequence of which they
become softened and capable of being bent without breaking.

MALACOSTOMOUS
Mal`a*cos"to*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having soft jaws without teeth, as certain fishes.

MALACOSTRACA
Mal`a*cos"tra*ca, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A subclass of Crustacea, including Arthrostraca and
Thoracostraca, or all those higher than the Entomostraca.

MALACOSTRACAN
Mal`a*cos"tra*can, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Malacostraca.

MALACOSTRACOLOGY
Mal`a*cos`tra*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Malacostracan + -logy.]

Defn: That branch of zoölogical science which relates to the
crustaceans; -- called also carcinology.

MALACOSTRACOUS
Mal`a*cos"tra*cous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Malacostraca.

MALACOTOON
Mal`a*co*toon", n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Melocoton.

MALACOZOA
Mal`a*co*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive group of Invertebrata, including the Mollusca,
Brachiopoda, and Bryozoa. Called also Malacozoaria.

MALACOZOIC
Mal`a*co*zo"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Malacozoa.

MALADDRESS
Mal`ad*dress", n. Etym: [Mal- + address.]

Defn: Bad address; an awkward, tactless, or offensive way of
accosting one or talking with one. W. D. Howells.

MALADJUSTMENT
Mal`ad*just"ment, n. Etym: [Mal- + adjustment.]

Defn: A bad adjustment.

MALADMINISTRATION
Mal`ad*min`is*tra"tion, n. Etym: [Mal- + administration.]

Defn: Bad administration; bad management of any business, especially
of public affairs. [Written also maleadministration.]

MALADROIT
Mal`a*droit", a. Etym: [F. See Malice, and Adroit.]

Defn: Of a quality opposed to adroitness; clumsy; awkward;
unskillful.
 -- Mal"a*droit`ly, adv.
 -- Mal`a*droit"ness, n.

MALADY
Mal"a*dy, n.; pl. Maladies. Etym: [F. maladie, fr. malade ill, sick,
OF. also, malabde, fr. L. male habitus, i. e., ill-kept, not in good
condition. See Malice, and Habit.]

1. Any disease of the human body; a distemper, disorder, or
indisposition, proceeding from impaired, defective, or morbid organic
functions; especially, a lingering or deep-seated disorder.
The maladies of the body may prove medicines to the mind.
Buckminster.

2. A moral or mental defect or disorder.
Love's a malady without a cure. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Disorder; distemper; sickness; ailment; disease; illness. See
Disease.

MALAGA
Mal"a*ga, n.

Defn: A city and a province of Spain, on the Mediterranean. Hence,
Malaga grapes, Malaga raisins, Malaga wines.

MALAGASH
Mal`a*gash", n.

Defn: Same as Malagasy.

MALAGASY
Mal`a*gas"y, n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or natives of Madagascar; also (sing.), the language.

MALAISE
Ma`laise", n. Etym: [F., fr. mal ill + aise ease.] (Med.)

Defn: An indefinite feeling of uneasiness, or of being sick or ill at
ease.

MALAMATE
Ma*lam"ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of malamic acid.

MALAMBO
Ma*lam"bo, n. Etym: [Pg.]

Defn: A yellowish aromatic bark, used in medicine and perfumery, said
to be from the South American shrub Croton Malambo.

MALAMETHANE
Mal`am*eth"ane, n. Etym: [Malamic + ethane.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance forming the ethyl salt of malamic
acid.

MALAMIC
Ma*lam"ic, a. Etym: [Malic + amic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining an acid intermediate between malic acid and
malamide, and known only by its salts.

MALAMIDE
Ma*lam"ide, n. Etym: [Malic + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: The acid amide derived from malic acid, as a white crystalline
substance metameric with asparagine.

MALANDERS
Mal"an*ders, n. pl. Etym: [F. malandres, fr. L. malandria blisters or
pustules on the neck, especially in horses.] (Far.)

Defn: A scurfy eruption in the bend of the knee of the fore leg of a
horse. See Sallenders. [Written also mallenders.]

MALAPERT
Mal"a*pert, a. Etym: [OF. malapert unskillful, ill-taught, ill-bred;
mal ill + apert open, adroit, intelligent, L. apertus, p. p. of
aperire to open. See Malice, and Aperient.]

Defn: Bold; forward; impudent; saucy; pert. Shak.
 -- n.

Defn: A malapert person.
Are you growing malapert! Will you force me to make use of my
authority Dryden.
-- Mal"a*pert`ly, adv.
 -- Mal"a*pert`ness, n.

MALAPROPISM
Mal"a*prop*ism, n. Etym: [From Mrs. Malaprop, a character in
Sheridan's drama, " The Rivals," who makes amusing blunders in her
use of words. See Malapropos.]

Defn: A grotesque misuse of a word; a word so used.

MALAPROPOS
Mal*ap"ro*pos`, a. & adv. Etym: [F. mal à propos; mal evil + à propos
to the purpose.]

Defn: Unseasonable or unseasonably; unsuitable or unsuitably.

MALAPTERURUS
Mal*ap`te*ru"rus, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of African siluroid fishes, including the electric
catfishes. See Electric cat, under Electric.

MALAR
Ma"lar, a. Etym: [L. mala the cheek: cf. F. malaire.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the region of the cheek bone, or to the
malar bone; jugal.

MALAR
Ma"lar, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The cheek bone, which forms a part of the lower edge of the
orbit.

MALARIA
Ma*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [It., contr. fr. malaaria bad air. See Malice,
and Air.]

1. Air infected with some noxious substance capable of engendering
disease; esp., an unhealthy exhalation from certain soils, as marshy
or wet lands, producing fevers; miasma.

Note: The morbific agent in malaria is supposed by some to be a
vegetable microbe or its spores, and by others to be a very minute
animal blood parasite (an infusorian).

2. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition produced by exhalations from decaying
vegetable matter in contact with moisture, giving rise to fever and
ague and many other symptoms characterized by their tendency to recur
at definite and usually uniform intervals.

MALARIAL; MALARIAN; MALARIOUS
Ma*la"ri*al, Ma*la"ri*an, Ma*la"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining, to or infected by, malaria. Malarial fever
(Med.), a fever produced by malaria, and characterized by the
occurrence of chills, fever, and sweating in distinct paroxysms, At
intervals of definite and often uniform duration, in which these
symptoms are wholly absent (intermittent fever), or only partially so
(remittent fever); fever and ague; chills and fever.

MALARIA PARASITE
Malaria parasite.

Defn: Any of several minute protozoans of the genus Plasmodium (syn.
Hæmatozoön) which in their adult condition live in the tissues of
mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles (which see) and when transferred to
the blood of man, by the bite of the mosquito, produce malaria. The
young parasites, or sporozoites, enter the red blood corpuscles,
growing at their expense, undergoing sporulation, and finally
destroying the corpuscles, thus liberating in the blood plasma an
immense number of small spores called merozoites. An indefinite but
not ultimated number of such generations may follow, but if meanwhile
the host is bitten by a mosquito, the parasites develop into gametes
in the stomach of the insect. These conjugate, the zygote thus
produced divides, forming spores, and eventually sporozoites, which,
penetrating to the salivary glands of the mosquito, may be introduced
into a new host. The attacks of the disease coincide with the
dissolution of the corpuscles and liberation of the spores and
products of growth of the parasites into the blood plasma. Several
species of the parasite are distinguished, as P. vivax, producing
tertian malaria; P. malariæ, quartan malaria; and P. (subgenus
Laverania) falciferum, the malarial fever of summer and autumn common
in the tropics.

MALASHAGANAY
Ma`la*sha"ga*nay, n. Etym: [Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fresh-water drumfish (Haploidonotus grunniens).

MALASSIMILATION
Mal`as*sim`i*la"tion, n. Etym: [Mal- + assimilation.] (Physiol.)
(a) Imperfect digestion of the several leading constituents of the
food.
(b) An imperfect elaboration by the tissues of the materials brought
to them by the blood.

MALATE
Ma"late, n. Etym: [L. malum apple: cf. F. malate. See Malic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of malic acid.

MALAX; MALAXATE
Ma"lax, Ma*lax"ate, v. t. Etym: [L. malaxare, malaxatum, cf. Gr.
malaxer.]

Defn: To soften by kneading or stirring with some thinner substance.
[R.]

MALAXATION
Mal`ax*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. malaxatio: cf. F. malaxation.]

Defn: The act of softening by mixing with a thinner substance; the
formation of ingredients into a mass for pills or plasters. [R.]

MALAXATOR
Mal"ax*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, malaxates; esp., a machine for
grinding, kneading, or stirring into a pasty or doughy mass. [R.]

MALAY
Ma*lay", n.

Defn: One of a race of a brown or copper complexion in the Malay
Peninsula and the western islands of the Indian Archipelago.

MALAY; MALAYAN
Ma*lay", Ma*lay"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Malays or their country.
 -- n.

Defn: The Malay language. Malay apple (Bot.), a myrtaceous tree
(Eugenia Malaccensis) common in India; also, its applelike fruit.

MALAYALAM
Ma"la*ya"lam, n.

Defn: The name given to one the cultivated Dravidian languages,
closely related to the Tamil. Yule.

MALBROUCK
Mal"brouck, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African arboreal monkey (Cercopithecus cynosurus).

MALCONFORMATION
Mal*con`for*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Mal- + conformation.]

Defn: Imperfect, disproportionate, or abnormal formation; ill form;
disproportion of parts.

MALCONTENT
Mal"con*tent`, a. Etym: [F., fr. mal ill + content. See Malice,
Content.]

Defn: discontented; uneasy; dissatisfied; especially, dissatisfied
with the government. [Written also malecontent.]
The famous malcontent earl of Leicester. Milner.

MALCONTENT
Mal"con*tent`, n. Etym: [F. malcontent.]

Defn: One who discontented; especially, a discontented subject of a
government; one who express his discontent by words or overt acts.
Spenser. Berkeley.

MALCONTENTED
Mal`con*tent"ed, a.

Defn: Malcontent.
 -- Mal`con*tent"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Mal`con*tent"ed*ness, n.

MALDANIAN
Mal*da"ni*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of marine annelids of the genus Maldane, or family
Maldanidæ. They have a slender, round body, and make tubes in the
sand or mud.

MALE-
Male-

Defn: . See Mal-.

MALE
Male, a. Etym: [L. malus. See Malice.]

Defn: Evil; wicked; bad. [Obs.] Marston.

MALE
Male, n.

Defn: Same as Mail, a bag. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MALE
Male, a. Etym: [F. mâle, OF. masle, mascle, fr. L. masculus male,
masculine, dim. of mas a male; possibly akin to E. man. Cf.
Masculine, Marry, v. t.]

1. Of or pertaining to the sex that begets or procreates young, or
(in a wider sense) to the sex that produces spermatozoa, by which the
ova are fertilized; not female; as, male organs.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Capable of producing fertilization, but not of bearing fruit; -
- said of stamens and antheridia, and of the plants, or parts of
plants, which bear them.

3. Suitable to the male sex; characteristic or suggestive of a male;
masculine; as, male courage.

4. Consisting of males; as, a male choir.

5. (Mech.)

Defn: Adapted for entering another corresponding piece (the female
piece) which is hollow and which it fits; as, a male gauge, for
gauging the size or shape of a hole; a male screw, etc. Male berry
(Bot.), a kind of coffee. See Pea berry.
 -- Male fern (Bot.), a fern of the genus Aspidium (A. Filixmas),
used in medicine as an anthelmintic, esp. against the tapeworm.
Aspidium marginale in America, and A. athamanticum in South Africa,
are used as good substitutes for the male fern in medical practice.
See Female fern, under Female.
 -- Male rhyme, a rhyme in which only the last syllables agree, as
laid, afraid, dismayed. See Female rhyme, under Female.
 -- Male screw (Mech.), a screw having threads upon its exterior
which enter the grooves upon the inside of a corresponding nut or
female screw.
 -- Male thread, the thread of a male screw.

MALE
Male, n.

1. An animal of the male sex.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant bearing only staminate flowers.

MALEADMINISTRATION
Male`ad*min`is*tra"tion, n.

Defn: Maladministration.

MALEATE
Ma*le"ate, n.

Defn: A salt of maleic acid.

MALEBRANCHISM
Male*branch"ism, n.

Defn: The philosophical system of Malebranche, an eminent French
metaphysician. The fundamental doctrine of his system is that the
mind can not have knowledge of anything external to itself except in
its relation to God.

MALECONFORMATION
Male*con`for*ma"tion, n.

Defn: Malconformation.

MALECONTENT
Male"con*tent`, a.

Defn: Malcontent.

MALEDICENCY
Mal`e*di"cen*cy, n. Etym: [L. maledicentia. See Maledicent.]

Defn: Evil speaking. [Obs.] Atterbury.

MALEDICENT
Mal`e*di"cent, a. Etym: [L. maledicens, p. pr. of maledicere to speak
ill; male ill + dicere to say, speak. See Malice, and Diction.]

Defn: Speaking reproachfully; slanderous. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys.

MALEDICT
Mal"e*dict, a. Etym: [L. maledictus, p. p. of maledicere.]

Defn: Accursed; abominable. [R.]

MALEDICTION
Mal`e*dic"tion, n. Etym: [L. maledictio: cf. F. malédiction. See
Maledicent.]

Defn: A proclaiming of evil against some one; a cursing; imprecation;
a curse or execration; -- opposed to benediction.
No malediction falls from his tongue. Longfellow.

Syn.
 -- Cursing; curse; execration; imprecation; denunciation; anathema.
 -- Malediction, Curse, Imprecation, Execration. Malediction is the
most general term, denoting bitter reproach, or wishes and
predictions of evil. Curse implies the desire or threat of evil,
declared upon oath or in the most solemn manner. Imprecation is
literally the praying down of evil upon a person. Execration is
literally a putting under the ban of excommunication, a curse which
excludes from the kingdom of God. In ordinary usage, the last three
words describe profane swearing, execration being the strongest.

MALEFACTION
Mal`e*fac"tion, n. Etym: [See Malefactor.]

Defn: A crime; an offense; an evil deed. [R.] Shak.

MALEFACTOR
Mal`e*fac"tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. malefacere to do evil; male ill,
evil + facere to do. See Malice, and Fact.]

1. An evil doer; one who commits a crime; one subject to public
prosecution and punishment; a criminal.

2. One who does wrong by injuring another, although not a criminal.
[Obs.] H. Brooke. Fuller.

Syn.
 -- Evil doer; criminal; culprit; felon; convict.

MALEFACTRESS
Mal`e*fac"tress, n.

Defn: A female malefactor. Hawthorne.

MALEFEASANCE
Male*fea"sance, n.

Defn: See Malfeasance.

MALEFIC
Ma*lef"ic, a. Etym: [L. maleficus: cf. F. maléfique. See
Malefaction.]

Defn: Doing mischief; causing harm or evil; nefarious; hurtful. [R.]
Chaucer.

MALEFICE
Mal"e*fice, n. Etym: [L. maleficium: cf. F. maléfice. See
Malefactor.]

Defn: An evil deed; artifice; enchantment. [Obs.]

MALEFICENCE
Ma*lef"i*cence, n. Etym: [L. maleficentia. Cf. Malfeasance.]

Defn: Evil doing, esp. to others.

MALEFICENT
Ma*lef"i*cent, a. Etym: [See Malefic.]

Defn: Doing evil to others; harmful; mischievous.

MALEFICIAL
Mal`e*fi"cial, a.

Defn: Injurious. Fuller.

MALEFICIATE
Mal`e*fi"ci*ate, v. t. Etym: [LL. maleficiatus, p. p. of maleficiare
to bewitch, fr. L. maleficium. See Malefice.]

Defn: To bewitch; to harm. [Obs.] Burton.

MALEFICIATION
Mal`e*fi`ci*a"tion, n.

Defn: A bewitching. [Obs.]

MALEFICIENCE
Mal`e*fi"cience, n. Etym: [See Maleficence.]

Defn: The doing of evil, harm, or mischief.

MALEFICIENT
Mal`e*fi"cient, a. Etym: [See Maleficent.]

Defn: Doing evil, harm, or mischief.

MALEFORMATION
Male`for*ma"tion, n.

Defn: See Malformation.

MALEIC
Ma*le"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. maléique. See Malic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the ethylene series,
metameric with fumaric acid and obtained by heating malic acid.

MALENGINE
Ma*len"gine, n. Etym: [OF. malengin; L. malus bad, evil + ingenium
natural capacity. See Engine.]

Defn: Evil machination; guile; deceit. [Obs.] Gower.

MALEO
Ma"le*o, n. Etym: [From its native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of Celebes (megacephalon maleo), allied to the brush
turkey. It makes mounds in which to lay its eggs.

MALE-ODOR
Male-o"dor, n.

Defn: See Malodor.

MALEPRACTICE
Male*prac"tice, n.

Defn: See Malpractice.

MALE-SPIRITED
Male"-spir`it*ed, a.

Defn: Having the spirit of a male; vigorous; courageous. [R.] B.
Jonson.

MALET
Mal"et, n. Etym: [F. mallette, dim. of malle. See Mail a bag.]

Defn: A little bag or budget. [Obs.] Shelton.

MALETREAT
Male*treat", v. t.

Defn: See Maltreat.

MALEVOLENCE
Ma*lev"o*lence, n. Etym: [L. malevolentia. See Malevolent.]

Defn: The quality or state of being malevolent; evil disposition
toward another; inclination to injure others; ill will. See Synonym
of Malice.

MALEVOLENT
Ma*lev"o*lent, a. Etym: [L. malevolens, -entis; male ill + volens, p.
pr. of velle to be willing or disposed, to wish. See Malice, and
Voluntary.]

Defn: Wishing evil; disposed to injure others; rejoicing in another's
misfortune.

Syn.
 -- Ill-disposed; envious; mischievous; evil-minded; spiteful;
malicious; malignant; rancorous.

MALEVOLENTLY
Ma*lev"o*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a malevolent manner.

MALEVOLOUS
Ma*lev"o*lous, a. Etym: [L. malevolus; fr. male ill + velle to be
disposed.]

Defn: Malevolent. [Obs.] Bp. Warburton.

MALEXECUTION
Mal*ex`e*cu"tion, n. Etym: [Mal- + execution.]

Defn: Bad execution. D. Webster.

MALEYL
Ma*le"yl, n. Etym: [Maleic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical derived from maleic acid.

MALFEASANCE
Mal*fea"sance, n. Etym: [F. malfaisance, fr. malfaisant injurious,
doing ill; mal ill, evil + faisant doing, p. pr. of faire to do. See
Malice, Feasible, and cf. Maleficence.] (Law)

Defn: The doing of an act which a person ought not to do; evil
conduct; an illegal deed. [Written also malefeasance.]

MALFORMATION
Mal`for*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Mal- + forniation.]

Defn: Ill formation; irregular or anomalous formation; abnormal or
wrong conformation or structure.

MALGRACIOUS
Mal*gra"cious, a. Etym: [F. malgracieux.]

Defn: Not graceful; displeasing. [Obs.] Gower.

MALGRE
Mal"gre, prep.

Defn: See Mauger.

MALIC
Ma"lic, a. Etym: [L. malum an apple: cf. F. malique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, apples; as, malic acid. Malic
acid, a hydroxy acid obtained as a substance which is sirupy or
crystallized with difficulty, and has a strong but pleasant sour
taste. It occurs in many fruits, as in green apples, currants, etc.
It is levorotatory or dextrorotatory according to the temperature and
concentration. An artificial variety is a derivative of succinic
acid, but has no action on polarized light, and thus malic acid is a
remarkable case of physical isomerism.

MALICE
Mal"ice, n. Etym: [F. malice, fr. L. malitia, from malus bad, ill,
evil, prob. orig., dirty, black; cf. Gr. mala dirt. Cf. Mauger.]

1. Enmity of heart; malevolence; ill will; a spirit delighting in
harm or misfortune to another; a disposition to injure another; a
malignant design of evil. "Nor set down aught in malice." Shak.
Envy, hatred, and malice are three distinct passions of the mind. Ld.
Holt.

2. (Law)

Defn: Any wicked or mischievous intention of the mind; a depraved
inclination to mischief; an intention to vex, annoy, or injure
another person, or to do a wrongful act without just cause or cause
or excuse; a wanton disregard of the rights or safety of others;
willfulness. Malice aforethought or prepense, malice previously and
deliberately entertained.

Syn.
 -- Spite; ill will; malevolence; grudge; pique; bitterness;
animosity; malignity; maliciousness; rancor; virulence. See Spite.
 -- Malevolence, Malignity, Malignancy. Malice is a stronger word
than malevolence, which may imply only a desire that evil may befall
another, while malice desires, and perhaps intends, to bring it
about. Malignity is intense and deepseated malice. It implies a
natural delight in hating and wronging others. One who is malignant
must be both malevolent and malicious; but a man may be malicious
without being malignant.
Proud tyrants who maliciously destroy And ride o'er ruins with
malignant joy. Somerville.
in some connections, malignity seems rather more pertinently applied
to a radical depravity of nature, and malignancy to indications of
this depravity, in temper and conduct in particular instances. Cogan.

MALICE
Mal"ice, v. t.

Defn: To regard with extreme ill will. [Obs.]

MALICHO
Mal"i*cho, n. Etym: [Sp. malhecho; mal bad + hecho deed, L. factum.
See Fact.]

Defn: Mischief. [Obs.] Shak.

MALICIOUS
Ma*li"cious, a. Etym: [Of. malicius, F. malicieux, fr. L. malitiosus.
See Malice.]

1. Indulging or exercising malice; harboring ill will or enmity.
I grant him bloody, . . . Sudden, malicious, smacking of every sin
That has a name. Shak.

2. Proceeding from hatred or ill will; dictated by malice; as, a
malicious report; malicious mischief.

3. (Law)

Defn: With wicked or mischievous intentions or motives; wrongful and
done intentionally without just cause or excuse; as, a malicious act.
Malicious abandonment, the desertion of a wife or husband without
just cause. Burrill.
 -- Malicious mischief (Law), malicious injury to the property of
another; -- an offense at common law. Wharton.
 -- Malicious prosecution or arrest (Law), a wanton prosecution or
arrest, by regular process in a civil or criminal proceeding, without
probable cause. Bouvier.

Syn.
 -- Ill-disposed; evil-minded; mischievous; envious; malevolent;
invidious; spiteful; bitter; malignant; rancorous; malign.
 -- Ma*li"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Ma*li"cious*ness, n.

MALIGN
Ma*lign", a. Etym: [L. malignus, for maligenus, i. e., of a bad kind
or nature; malus bad + the root of genus birth, race, kind: cf. F.
malin, masc., maligne, fem. See Malice, Gender, and cf. Benign,
Malignant.]

1. Having an evil disposition toward others; harboring violent
enmity; malevolent; malicious; spiteful; -- opposed to benign.
Witchcraft may be by operation of malign spirits. Bacon.

2. Unfavorable; unpropitious; pernicious; tending to injure; as, a
malign aspect of planets.

3. Malignant; as, a malign ulcer. [R.] Bacon.

MALIGN
Ma*lign", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Maligned; p. pr. & vb. n. Maligning.]
Etym: [Cf. L. malignare. See Malign, a.]

Defn: To treat with malice; to show hatred toward; to abuse; to
wrong; to injure. [Obs.]
The people practice what mischiefs and villainies they will against
private men, whom they malign by stealing their goods, or murdering
them. Spenser.

2. To speak great evil of; to traduce; to defame; to slander; to
vilify; to asperse.
To be envied and shot at; to be maligned standing, and to be despised
falling. South.

MALIGN
Ma*lign", v. i.

Defn: To entertain malice. [Obs.]

MALIGNANCE; MALIGNANCY
Ma*lig"nance, Ma*lig"nan*cy , n. Etym: [See Malignant.]

1. The state or quality of being malignant; extreme malevolence;
bitter enmity; malice; as, malignancy of heart.

2. Unfavorableness; evil nature.
The malignancy of my fate might perhaps distemner yours. Shak.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Virulence; tendency to a fatal issue; as, the malignancy of an
ulcer or of a fever.

4. The state of being a malignant.

Syn.
 -- Malice; malevolence; malignity. See Malice.

MALIGNANT
Ma*lig"nant, a. Etym: [L. malignans, -antis, p. pr. of malignare,
malignari, to do or make maliciously. See Malign, and cf. Benignant.]

1. Disposed to do harm, inflict suffering, or cause distress;
actuated by extreme malevolence or enmity; virulently inimical; bent
on evil; malicious.
A malignant and a turbaned Turk. Shak.

2. Characterized or caused by evil intentions; pernicious. "Malignant
care." Macaulay.
Some malignant power upon my life. Shak.
Something deleterious and malignant as his touch. Hawthorne.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Tending to produce death; threatening a fatal issue; virulent;
as, malignant diphtheria. Malignant pustule (Med.), a very contagious
disease, transmitted to man from animals, characterized by the
formation, at the point of reception of the virus, of a vesicle or
pustule which first enlarges and then breaks down into an unhealthy
ulcer. It is marked by profound exhaustion and usually fatal. Called
also charbon, and sometimes, improperly, anthrax.

MALIGNANT
Ma*lig"nant, n.

1. A man of extrems enmity or evil intentions. Hooker.

2. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: One of the adherents of Charles L. or Charles LL.; -- so called
by the opposite party.

MALIGNANTLY
Ma*lig"nant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a malignant manner.

MALIGNER
Ma*lign"er, n.

Defn: One who maligns.

MALIGNIFY
Ma*lig"ni*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Malignified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Malignifying.] Etym: [L. malignus malign + -fy.]

Defn: To make malign or malignant. [R.] "A strong faith malignified."
Southey.

MALIGNITY
Ma*lig"ni*ty, n. Etym: [F. malignité, L. malignitas.]

1. The state or quality of being malignant; disposition to do evil;
virulent enmity; malignancy; malice; spite.

2. Virulence; deadly quality.
His physicians discerned an invincible malignity in his disease.
Hayward.

3. Extreme evilness of nature or influence; perniciousness;
heinousness; as, the malignity of fraud. [R.]

Syn.
 -- See Malice.

MALIGNLY
Ma*lign"ly, adv.

Defn: In a malign manner; with malignity.

MALINGER
Ma*lin"ger, v. i. [imp. & p. p. MAlingered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Malingering.]

Defn: To act the part of a malingerer; to feign illness or inability.

MALINGERER
Ma*lin"ger*er, n. Etym: [F. malingre sickly, weakly, prob. from mal
ill + OF. heingre, haingre, thin, lean, infirm, fr. L. aeger.]

Defn: In the army, a soldier who feigns himself sick, or who induces
or protracts an illness, in order to avoid doing his duty; hence, in
general, one who shirks his duty by pretending illness or inability.

MALINGERY
Ma*lin"ger*y, n.

Defn: The spirit or practices of a malingerer; malingering.

MALISON
Mal"i*son, n. Etym: [OF. maleicon, L. maledictio. See Malediction,
and cf. Benison.]

Defn: Malediction; curse; execration. [Poetic]
God's malison on his head who this gainsays. Sir W. Scott.

MALKIN
Mal"kin, n. Etym: [Dim. of Maud, the proper name. Cf. Grimalkin.]
[Written also maukin.]

1. Originally, a kitchenmaid; a slattern. Chaucer.

2. A mop made of clouts, used by the kitchen servant.

3. A scarecrow.[Prov. Eng.]

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A mop or sponge attached to a jointed staff for swabbing out a
cannon.

MALL
Mall, n. [Written also maul.] Etym: [OE. malle, F. mail, L. malleus.
Cf. Malleus.]

1. A large heavy wooden beetle; a mallet for driving anything with
force; a maul. Addison.

2. A heavy blow. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. An old game played with malls or mallets and balls. See Pall-mall.
Cotton.

4. A place where the game of mall was played. Hence: A public walk; a
level shaded walk.
Part of the area was laid out in gravel walks, and planted with elms;
and these convenient and frequented walks obtained the name of the
City Mall. Southey.

MALL
Mall, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Malled; p. pr. & vb. n. Malling.] Etym:
[Cf. OF. mailler. See Mall beetle, and cf. Malleate.]

Defn: To beat with a mall; to beat with something heavy; to bruise;
to maul.

MALL
Mall, n. Etym: [LL. mallum a public assembly; cf. OHG. mahal
assembly, transaction; akin to AS. mæ, me, assembly, m to speak,
Goth. mapl market place.]

Defn: Formerly, among Teutonic nations, a meeting of the notables of
a state for the transaction of public business, such meeting being a
modification of the ancient popular assembly. Hence:
(a) A court of justice.
(b) A place where justice is administered.
(c) A place where public meetings are held.
Councils, which had been as frequent as diets or malls, ceased.
Milman.

MALLARD
Mal"lard, n. Etym: [F. malari,fr. mâle male + -art =-ard. See Male,
a., and -ard.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A drake; the male of Anas boschas.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large wild duck (Anas boschas) inhabiting both America and
Europe. The domestic duck has descended from this species. Called
also greenhead.

MALLEABILITY
Mal"le*a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [CF. F. malléabilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being malleable; -- opposed to
friability and brittleness. Locke.

MALLEABLE
Mal"le*a*ble, a. Etym: [F. malléable, fr. LL. malleare to hammer. See
Malleate.]

Defn: Capable of being extended or shaped by beating with a hammer,
or by the pressure of rollers; -- applied to metals. Malleable iron,
iron that is capable of extension or of being shaped under the
hammer; decarbonized cast iron. See under Iron.
 -- Malleable iron castings, articles cast from pig iron and made
malleable by heating then for several days in the presence of some
substance, as hematite, which deprives the cast iron of some of its
carbon.

MALLEABLEIZE
Mal"le*a*ble*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make malleable.

MALLEABLENESS
Mal"le*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being malleable.

MALLEAL
Mal"le*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the malleus.

MALLEATE
Mal"le*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Malleated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Malleating.] Etym: [L. malleatus hammered, fr. malleus a hammer. See
Mall, v. t.]

Defn: To hammer; to beat into a plate or leaf.

MALLEATION
Mal`le*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. malleatio: cf. OF. malléation.]

Defn: The act or process of beating into a plate, sheet, or leaf, as
a metal; extension by beating.

MALLECHO
Mal"le*cho, n.

Defn: Same as Malicho.

MALLEE BIRD
Mal*lee" bird`. (Zoöl.) Etym: [From native name.]

Defn: The leipoa. See Leipoa.

MALLEMOCK; MALLEMOKE
Mal"le*mock, Mal"le*moke, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Mollemoke.

MALLENDERS
Mal"len*ders, n. pl. (Far.)

Defn: Same as Malanders.

MALLEOLAR
Mal*le"o*lar, a. Etym: [See Malleolus.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the malleolus; in the region of the
malleoli of the ankle joint.

MALLEOLUS
Mal*le"*o*lus, n.; pl. Malleoli. Etym: [L., dim. of malleus hammer.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A projection at the distal end of each bone of the leg at the
ankle joint. The malleolus of the tibia is the internal projection,
that of the fibula the external.

2. " A layer, " a shoot partly buried in the ground, and there cut
halfway through.

MALLET
Mal"let, n. Etym: [F. maillet, dim. of mail. See Mall a beetle.]

Defn: A small maul with a short handle, -- used esp. for driving a
tool, as a chisel or the like; also, a light beetle with a long
handle, -- used in playing croquet.

MALLEUS
Mal"le*us, n.; pl. Mallei. Etym: [L., hammer. See Mall a beetle.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The outermost of the three small auditory bones, ossicles; the
hammer. It is attached to the tympanic membrane by a long process,
the handle or manubrium. See Illust. of Far.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the hard lateral pieces of the mastax of Rotifera. See
Mastax.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of bivalve shells; the hammer shell.

MALLOPHAGA
Mal*loph"a*ga, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive group of insects which are parasitic on birds and
mammals, and feed on the feathers and hair; -- called also bird lice.
See Bird louse, under Bird.

MALLOTUS
Mal*lo"tus, n. Etym: [NL., fr Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small Arctic fishes. One American species, the
capelin (Mallotus villosus), is extensively used as bait for cod.

MALLOW; MALLOWS
Mal"low, Mal"lows, n. Etym: [OE. malwe, AS. mealwe, fr. L. malva,
akin to Gr. mala`chh; cf. mala`ssein to soften, malako`s soft. Named
either from its softening or relaxing properties, or from its soft
downy leaves. Cf. Mauve, Malachite.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants (Malva) having mucilaginous qualities. See
Malvaceous.

Note: The flowers of the common mallow (M. sylvestris) are used in
medicine. The dwarf mallow (M. rotundifolia) is a common weed, and
its flattened, dick-shaped fruits are called cheeses by children.
Tree mallow (M. Mauritiana and Lavatera arborea), musk mallow (M.
moschata), rose mallow or hollyhock, and curled mallow (M. crispa),
are less commonly seen. Indian mallow. See Abutilon.
 -- Jew's mallow, a plant (Corchorus olitorius) used as a pot herb by
the Jews of Egypt and Syria.
 -- Marsh mallow. See under Marsh.

MALLOWWORT
Mal"low*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the order Malvaceæ.

MALM; MALMBRICK
Malm, Malm"brick`, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. mealm sand.]

Defn: A kind of brick of a light brown or yellowish color, made of
sand, clay, and chalk.

MALMA
Mal"ma, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spotted trout (Salvelinus malma), inhabiting Northern
America, west of the Rocky Mountains; -- called also Dolly Varden
trout, bull trout, red-spotted trout, and golet.

MALMAG
Mal"mag, n. Etym: [F., from native name in Madagascar.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tarsius, or spectral lemur.

MALMSEY
Malm"sey, n. Etym: [OE. malvesie, F. malvoisie, It. malvasia,
malavagia, fr. Malvasia, or Napoli di Malvasia, in the Morea.]

Defn: A kind of sweet wine from Crete, the Canary Islands, etc. Shak.

MALNUTRITION
Mal`nu*tri"tion, n. Etym: [Mal- + nutrition.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Faulty or imperfect nutrition.

MALOBSERVATION
Mal*ob`ser*va"tion, n. Etym: [Mal- + observation.]

Defn: Erroneous observation. J. S Mill.

MALODOR
Mal*o"dor, n.

Defn: An Offensive to the sense of smell; ill-smelling.
 -- Mal*o"dor*ous*ness. n. Carlyle.

MALODOROUS
Mal*o"dor*ous, a.

Defn: Offensive to the sense of smell; ill-smelling. --
Mal*o"dor*ous*ness. n. Carlyle.
[1913 Webster]

MALONATE
Mal"o*nate, a. (Chem.)

Defn: At salt of malonic acid.

MALONIC
Ma*lon"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid produced artifically as
a white crystalline substance, CH2.(CO2H)2, and so called because
obtained by the oxidation of malic acid.

MALONYL
Mal"o*nyl, n. Etym: [Malonic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon radical, CH2.(CO)2, from malonic acid.

MALPAIS
Mal"pais`, n. [Cf. Sp. mal, malo, bad, and país country.] (Geol.)

Defn: The rough surface of a congealed lava stream. [Southwestern U.
S.]

MALPIGHIA
Mal*pi"ghi*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Malpighian.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tropical American shrubs with opposite leaves and
small white or reddish flowers. The drupes of Malpighia urens are
eaten under the name of Barbadoes cherries.

MALPIGHIACEOUS
Mal*pi`ghi*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of tropical
trees and shrubs (Malpighiaceæ), some of them climbing plants, and
their stems forming many of the curious lianes of South American
forests.

MALPIGHIAN
Mal*pi"ghi*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or discovered by, Marcello Malpighi, an
Italian anatomist of the 17th century. Malhighian capsules or
corpuscles, the globular dilatations, containing the glomeruli or
Malpighian tufts, at the extremities of the urinary tubules of the
kidney. Malpighian corpuscles of the spleen, masses of adenoid tissue
connected with branches of the splenic artery.

MALPOSITION
Mal`po*si"tion, n. Etym: [Mal- + position.]

Defn: A wrong position.

MALPRACTICE
Mal*prac"tice, n. Etym: [Mal- + practice.]

Defn: Evil practice; illegal or immoral conduct; practice contrary to
established rules; specifically, the treatment of a case by a surgeon
or physician in a manner which is contrary to accepted rules and
productive of unfavorable results. [Written also malepractice.]

MALT
Malt, n. Etym: [AS. mealt; akin to D. mout, G. malz, Icel., Sw., &
Dan. malt, and E. melt. sq. root108. See Melt.]

Defn: Barley or other grain, steeped in water and dried in a kiln,
thus forcing germination until the saccharine principle has been
evolved. It is used in brewing and in the distillation of whisky.

MALT
Malt, a.

Defn: Relating to, containing, or made with, malt. Malt liquor, an
alcoholic liquor, as beer, ale, porter, etc., prepared by fermenting
an infusion of malt.
 -- Malt dust, fine particles of malt, or of the grain used in making
malt; -used as a fertilizer. " Malt dust consists chiefly of the
infant radicle separated from the grain." Sir H. Davy.
 -- Malt floor, a floor for drying malt.
 -- Malt house, or Malthouse, a house in which malt is made.
 -- Malt kiln, a heated chamber for drying malt.

MALT
Malt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Malted: p. pr. & vb. n. Malting.]

Defn: To make into malt; as, to malt barley.

MALT
Malt, v. i.

Defn: To become malt; also, to make grain into malt. Mortimer.

MALTALENT
Mal"ta*lent, n. Etym: [F. See Malice, and Talent.]

Defn: Ill will; malice. [Obs.] Rom. of R. Spenser.

MALTESE
Mal*tese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Malta or to its inhabitants.
 -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Malta; the people of Malta. Maltese
cat (Zoöl.), a mouse-colored variety of the domestic cat.
 -- Maltese cross. See Illust. 5, of Cross.
 -- Maltese dog (Zoöl.), a breed of small terriers, having long silky
white hair. The breed originated in Malta.

MALTHA
Mal"tha, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. A variety of bitumen, viscid and tenacious, like pitch, unctuous
to the touch, and exhaling a bituminous odor.

2. Mortar. [Obs.] Holland.

MALTHUSIAN
Mal*thu"sian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the political economist, the Rev. T. R.
Malthus, or conforming to his views; as, Malthusian theories.

Note: Malthus held that population tends to increase faster than its
means of subsistence can be made to do, and hence that the lower
classes must necessarily suffer more or less from lack of food,
unless an increase of population be checked by prudential restraint
or otherwise.

MALTHUSIAN
Mal*thu"sian, n.

Defn: A follower of Malthus.

MALTHUSIANISM
Mal*thu"sian*ism, n.

Defn: The system of Malthusian doctrines relating to population.

MALTIN; MALTINE
Malt"in, Malt"ine, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The fermentative principle of malt; malt diastase; also, a name
given to various medicinal preparations made from or containing malt.

MALTING
Malt"ing, n.

Defn: The process of making, or of becoming malt.

MALTMAN
Malt"man, n.; pl. Maltmen (.

Defn: A man whose occupation is to make malt.

MALTONIC
Mal*ton"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, maltose; specif.,
designating an acid called also gluconic or dextronic acid. See
Gluconic.

MALTOSE
Malt"ose`, n. Etym: [From Malt.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline sugar formed from starch by the action of
distance of malt, and the amylolytic ferment of saliva and pancreatic
juice. It resembles dextrose, but rotates the plane of polarized
light further to the right and possesses a lower cupric oxide
reducing power.

MALTREAT
Mal*treat", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Maltreated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Maltreating.] Etym: [Mal- + treat: cf. F. maltraiter.]

Defn: To treat ill; to abuse; to treat roughly.

MALTREATMENT
Mal*treat"ment, n.; Etym: [Cf. F. maltraitement.]

Defn: Ill treatment; ill usage; abuse.

MALTSTER
Malt"ster, n.

Defn: A maltman. Swift.

MALTWORM
Malt"worm`, n.

Defn: A tippler. [R.] Shak.

MALTY
Malt"y, a.

Defn: Consisting, or like, malt. Dickens.

MALUM
Ma"lum, n.; pl. Mala. Etym: [L.]

Defn: An evil. See Mala.

MALVACEOUS
Mal*va"ceous, a. Etym: [L. malvaceus, from malva mallows. See
Mallow.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants
(Malvaceæ), of which the mallow is the type. The cotton plant,
hollyhock, and abutilon are of this order, and the baobab and the
silk-cotton trees are now referred to it.

MALVERSATION
Mal`ver*sa"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. malverser to be corrupt in office,
fr. L. male ill + versari to move about, to occupy one's self,
vertere to turn. See Malice, and Verse.]

Defn: Evil conduct; fraudulent practices; misbehavior, corruption, or
extortion in office.

MALVESIE
Mal"ve*sie, n.

Defn: Malmsey wine. See Malmsey. " A jub of malvesye." Chaucer.

MAM
Mam, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. mamma.]

Defn: Mamma.

MAM
Mam (mam), n. [Abbrev. fr. mamma.]

Defn: Mamma.

MAMA
Ma*ma", n.

Defn: See Mamma.

MAMALUKE
Mam"a*luke, n.

Defn: Same as Mameluke.

MAMELON
Mam"e*lon, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A rounded hillock; a rounded elevation or protuberance.
Westmin. Rev.

MAMELUCO
Mam`e*lu"co, n. Etym: [Pg.]

Defn: A child born of a white father and Indian mother. [S. Amer.]

MAMELUKE
Mam"e*luke, n. Etym: [F. mamelouk, cf. Sp. mameluco, It. mammalucco;
all fr. Ar. maml a purchased slave or captive; lit., possessed or in
one's power, p. p. of malaka to possesses.]

Defn: One of a body of mounted soldiers recruited from slaves
converted to Mohammedanism, who, during several centuries, had more
or less control of the government of Egypt, until exterminated or
dispersed by Mehemet Ali in 1811.

MAMILLATED
Mam"il*la`ted, a.

Defn: See Mammillated.

MAMMA
Mam*ma", n. Etym: [Reduplicated from the infantine word ma,
influenced in spelling by L. mamma.]

Defn: Mother; -- word of tenderness and familiarity. [Written also
mama.]
Tell tales papa and mamma. Swift.

MAMMA
Mam"ma, n.; pl. Mammæ. Etym: [L. mamma breast.] (Anat.)

Defn: A glandular organ for secreting milk, characteristic of all
mammals, but usually rudimentary in the male; a mammary gland; a
breast; under; bag.

MAMMAL
Mam"mal, n.; pl. Mammals. Etym: [L. mammalis belonging to the breast,
fr. mamma the breast or pap: cf. F. mammal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Mammalia. Age of mammals. See under Age, n., 8.

MAMMALIA
Mam*ma"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. mammalis. See Mammal.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The highest class of Vertebrata. The young are nourished for a
time by milk, or an analogous fluid, secreted by the mammary glands
of the mother.

Note: Mammalia are divided into threes subclasses; --I. Placentalia.
This subclass embraces all the higher orders, including man. In these
the fetus is attached to the uterus by a placenta. II. Marsupialia.
In these no placenta is formed, and the young, which are born at an
early state of development, are carried for a time attached to the
teats, and usually protected by a marsupial pouch. The opossum,
kangaroo, wombat, and koala are examples. III. Monotremata. In this
group, which includes the genera Echidna and Ornithorhynchus, the
female lays large eggs resembling those of a bird or lizard, and the
young, which are hatched like those of birds, are nourished by a
watery secretion from the imperfectly developed mammæ.

MAMMALIAN
Mam*ma"li*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Mammalia or mammals.

MAMMALIFEROUS
Mam`ma*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Mammal + -ferous.] (Geol.)

Defn: Containing mammalian remains; -- said of certain strata.

MAMMALOGICAL
Mam`ma*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to mammalogy.

MAMMALOGIST
Mam*mal"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mammalogiste.]

Defn: One versed in mammalogy.

MAMMALOGY
Mam*mal"o*gy, n. Etym: [Mamma breast + -logy: cf. f. mammalogie.]

Defn: The science which relates to mammals or the Mammalia. See
Mammalia.

MAMMARY
Mam"ma*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. mammaire.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the mammæ or breasts; as, the mammary
arteries and veins.

MAMMEE
Mam*mee", n. Etym: [Haytian mamey.] (Bot.)

Defn: A fruit tree of tropical America, belonging to the genus Mammea
(M. Americana); also, its fruit. The latter is large, covered with a
thick, tough ring, and contains a bright yellow pulp of a pleasant
taste and fragrant scent. It is often called mammee apple.

MAMMER
Mam"mer, v. i. Etym: [Cf. G. memme coward, poltroon.]

Defn: To hesitate; to mutter doubtfully. [Obs.]

MAMMET
Mam"met, n. Etym: [See Mawmet.]

Defn: An idol; a puppet; a doll. [Obs.] Selden. Shak.

MAMMETRY
Mam"met*ry, n.

Defn: See Mawmetry. [Obs.]

MAMMIFER
Mam"mi*fer, n. Etym: [NL. See Mammiferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mammal. See Mammalia.

MAMMIFEROUS
Mam*mif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Mamma breast + -ferous: cf. F. mammifère.]

Defn: Having breasts; of, pertaining to, or derived from, the
Mammalia.

MAMMIFORM
Mam"mi*form, a. Etym: [Mamma breast + -form: cf. F. mammiforme.]

Defn: Having the form of a mamma (breast) or mammæ.

MAMMILLA
Mam*mil"la, n.; pl. Mammilæ. Etym: [L., dim. of mamma a breast.]
(Anat.)

Defn: The nipple.

MAMMILLARY
Mam"mil*la*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. mammilaire. See Mammilla.]

1. Of or pertaining to the mammilla, or nipple, or to the breast;
resembling a mammilla; mammilloid.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Composed of convex convex concretions, somewhat resembling the
breasts in form; studded with small mammiform protuberances.

MAMMILLATE; MAMMILLATED
Mam"mil*late, Mam"mil*la`ted, a. Etym: [See Mammilla.]

1. Having small nipples, or small protuberances like nipples or
mammæ.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Bounded like a nipple; -- said of the apex of some shells.

MAMMILLIFORM
Mam*mil"li*form, a. Etym: [Mammil + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of a mammilla.

MAMMILLOID
Mam"mil*loid, a. Etym: [Mammilla + -oid.]

Defn: Like a mammilla or nipple; mammilliform.

MAMMOCK
Mam"mock, n. Etym: [Ir. & Gael. mam a round hill + -ock.]

Defn: A shapeless piece; a fragment. [Obs.]

MAMMOCK
Mam"mock, v. t.

Defn: To tear to pieces. [Obs.] Milton.

MAMMODIS
Mam"mo*dis, n. Etym: [F. mamoudis, fr. Hind. mahmudi a muslin.]

Defn: Coarse plain India muslins.

MAMMOLOGY
Mam*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Mamma + -logy.]

Defn: Mastology. See Mammalogy.

MAMMON
Mam"mon, n. Etym: [L. mammona, Gr. mam; cf. Heb. matm a hiding place,
subterranean storehouse, treasury, fr. taman to hide.]

Defn: Riches; wealth; the god of riches; riches, personified.
Ye can not serve God and Mammon. Matt. vi. 24.

MAMMONISH
Mam"mon*ish, a.

Defn: Actuated or prompted by a devotion to money getting or the
service of Mammon. Carlyle.

MAMMONISM
Mam"mon*ism, n.

Defn: Devotion to the pursuit of wealth; worldliness. Carlyle.

MAMMONIST
Mam"mon*ist, n.

Defn: A mammonite.

MAMMONITE
Mam"mon*ite, n.

Defn: One devoted to the acquisition of wealth or the service of
Mammon. C. Kingsley.

MAMMONIZATION
Mam`mon*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The process of making mammonish; the state of being under the
influence of mammonism.

MAMMONIZE
Mam"mon*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make mammonish.

MAMMOSE
Mam*mose", a. Etym: [L. mammosus having large breasts, mamma breast.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of the breast; breast-shaped.

MAMMOTH
Mam"moth, n. Etym: [Russ. mâmont, mámant, fr. Tartar mamma the earth.
Certain Tartar races, the Tungooses and Yakoots, believed that the
mammoth worked its way in the earth like a mole.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extinct, hairy, maned elephant (Elephas primigenius), of
enormous size, remains of which are found in the northern parts of
both continents. The last of the race, in Europe, were coeval with
prehistoric man.

Note: Several specimens have been found in Siberia preserved entire,
with the flesh and hair remaining. They were imbedded in the ice
cliffs at a remote period, and became exposed by the melting of the
ice.

MAMMOTH
Mam"moth, a.

Defn: Resembling the mammoth in size; very large; gigantic; as, a
mammoth ox.

MAMMOTHREPT
Mam"mo*thrept, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A child brought up by its grandmother; a spoiled child. [R.]
O, you are a more mammothrept in judgment. B. Jonson.

MAMMY
Mam"my, n.; pl. Mammies (.

Defn: A child's name for mamma, mother.

MAMZER
Mam"zer, n. Etym: [Heb. mámz.]

Defn: A person born of relations between whom marriage was forbidden
by the Mosaic law; a bastard. Deut. xxiii. 2 (Douay version).

MAN
Man, n.; pl. Men. Etym: [AS. mann, man, monn, mon; akin to OS., D., &
OHG. man, G. mann, Icel. maedhr, for mannr, Dan. Mand, Sw. man, Goth.
manna, Skr. manu, manus, and perh. to Skr. man to think, and E. mind.
sq. root104. Cf. Minx a pert girl.]

1. A human being; -- opposed tobeast.
These men went about wide, and man found they none, But fair country,
and wild beast many [a] one. R. of Glouc.
The king is but a man, as I am; the violet smells to him as it doth
to me. Shak.

2. Especially: An adult male person; a grown-up male person, as
distinguished from a woman or a child.
When I became a man, I put away childish things. I Cor. xiii. 11.
Ceneus, a woman once, and once a man. Dryden.

3. The human race; mankind.
And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness, and
let them have dominion. Gen. i. 26.
The proper study of mankind is man. Pope.

4. The male portion of the human race.
Woman has, in general, much stronger propensity than man to the
discharge of parental duties. Cowper.

5. One possessing in a high degree the distinctive qualities of
manhood; one having manly excellence of any kind. Shak.
This was the noblest Roman of them all . . . the elements So mixed in
him that Nature might stand up And say to all the world "This was a
man! Shak.

6. An adult male servant; also, a vassal; a subject.
Like master, like man. Old Proverb.
The vassal, or tenant, kneeling, ungirt, uncovered, and holding up
his hands between those of his lord, professed that he did become his
man from that day forth, of life, limb, and earthly honor.
Blackstone.

7. A term of familiar address often implying on the part of the
speaker some degree of authority, impatience, or haste; as, Come,
man, we 've no time to lose !

8. A married man; a husband; -- correlative to wife.
I pronounce that they are man and wife. Book of Com. Prayer.
every wife ought to answer for her man. Addison.

9. One, or any one, indefinitely; -- a modified survival of the Saxon
use of man, or mon, as an indefinite pronoun.
A man can not make him laugh. Shak.
A man would expect to find some antiquities; but all they have to
show of this nature is an old rostrum of a Roman ship. Addison.

10. One of the piece with which certain games, as chess or draughts,
are played.

Note: Man is often used as a prefix in composition, or as a separate
adjective, its sense being usually self-explaining; as, man child,
man eater or maneater, man-eating, man hater or manhater, man-hating,
manhunter, man-hunting, mankiller, man-killing, man midwife, man
pleaser, man servant, man-shaped, manslayer, manstealer, man-
stealing, manthief, man worship, etc. Man is also used as a suffix to
denote a person of the male sex having a business which pertains to
the thing spoken of in the qualifying part of the compound; ashman,
butterman, laundryman, lumberman, milkman, fireman, showman,
waterman, woodman. Where the combination is not familiar, or where
some specific meaning of the compound is to be avoided, man is used
as a separate substantive in the foregoing sense; as, apple man,
cloth man, coal man, hardware man, wood man (as distinguished from
woodman). Man ape (Zoöl.), a anthropoid ape, as the gorilla.
 -- Man at arms, a designation of the fourteenth and fifteenth
centuries for a soldier fully armed.
 -- Man engine, a mechanical lift for raising or lowering people
through considerable distances; specifically (Mining), a contrivance
by which miners ascend or descend in a shaft. It consists of a series
of landings in the shaft and an equal number of shelves on a vertical
rod which has an up and down motion equal to the distance between the
successive landings. A man steps from a landing to a shelf and is
lifted or lowered to the next landing, upon which he them steps, and
so on, traveling by successive stages.
 -- Man Friday, a person wholly subservient to the will of another,
like Robinson Crusoe's servant Friday.
 -- Man of straw, a puppet; one who is controlled by others; also,
one who is not responsible pecuniarily.
 -- Man-of-the earth (Bot.), a twining plant (Ipomoea pandurata) with
leaves and flowers much like those of the morning-glory, but having
an immense tuberous farinaceous root.
 -- Man of war. (a) A warrior; a soldier. Shak. (b) (Naut.) See in
the Vocabulary.
 -- To be one's own man, to have command of one's self; not to be
subject to another.

MAN
Man, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Manned; p. pr. & vb. n. Manning.]

1. To supply with men; to furnish with a sufficient force or
complement of men, as for management, service, defense, or the like;
to guard; as, to man a ship, boat, or fort.
See how the surly Warwick mans the wall ! Shak.
They man their boats, and all their young men arm. Waller.

2. To furnish with strength for action; to prepare for efficiency; to
fortify. "Theodosius having manned his soul with proper reflections."
Addison.

3. To tame, as a hawk. [R.] Shak.

4. To furnish with a servants. [Obs.] Shak.

5. To wait on as a manservant. [Obs.] Shak.

Note: In "Othello," V. ii. 270, the meaning is uncertain, being,
perhaps: To point, to aim, or to manage. To man a yard (Naut.), to
send men upon a yard, as for furling or reefing a sail.
 -- To man the yards (Naut.), to station men on the yards as a salute
or mark of respect.

MANABLE
Man"a*ble, a.

Defn: Marriageable.[Obs.]

MANACE
Man"ace, n. & v.

Defn: Same as Menace. [Obs.]

MANACLE
Man"a*cle, n. Etym: [OE. manicle, OF. manicle, F. manicle sort glove,
manacle, L. manicula a little hand, dim. of manus hand; cf. L. manica
sleeve, manacle, fr.manus. See Manual.]

Defn: A handcuff; a shackle for the hand or wrist; -- usually in the
plural.
Doctrine unto fools is as fetters on the feet, and like manacles on
the right hand. Ecclus. xxi. 19.

MANACLE
Man"a*cle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Manacled; p. pr. & vb. n. Manacling.]

Defn: To put handcuffs or other fastening upon, for confining the
hands; to shackle; to confine; to restrain from the use of the limbs
or natural powers.
Is it thus you use this monarch, to manacle and shackle him hand and
foot Arbuthnot.

MANAGE
Man"age, n. Etym: [F. manège, It. maneggio, fr. maneggiare to manage,
fr. L.manushand. Perhaps somewhat influenced by F. ménage
housekeeping, OF. mesnage, akin to E. mansion. See Manual, and cf.
Manege.]

Defn: The handling or government of anything, but esp. of a horse;
management; administration. See Manege. [Obs.]
Young men, in the conduct and manage of actions, embrace more than
they can hold. Bacon.
Down, down I come; like glistering Phaëthon
Wanting the manage of unruly jades. Shak.
The unlucky manage of this fatal brawl. Shak.

Note: This word, in its limited sense of management of a horse, has
been displaced by manege; in its more general meaning, by management.

MANAGE
Man"age, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Managed; p. pr. & vb. n. Managing.]
Etym: [From Manage, n.]

1. To have under control and direction; to conduct; to guide; to
administer; to treat; to handle.
Long tubes are cumbersome, and scarce to be easily managed. Sir I.
Newton.
What wars Imanage, and what wreaths I gain. Prior.

2. Hence: Esp., to guide by careful or delicate treatment; to wield
with address; to make subservient by artful conduct; to bring around
cunningly to one's plans.
It was so much his interest to manage his Protestant subjects.
Addison
.
It was not her humor to manage those over whom she had gained an
ascendant. Bp. Hurd.

3. To train in the manege, as a horse; to exercise in graceful or
artful action.

4. To treat with care; to husband. Dryden.

5. To bring about; to contrive. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To direct; govern; control; wield; order; contrive; concert;
conduct; transact.

MANAGE
Man"age, v. i.

Defn: To direct affairs; to carry on business or affairs; to
administer.
Leave them to manage for thee. Dryden
.

MANAGEABILITY
Man`age*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being manageable; manageableness.

MANAGEABLE
Man"age*a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be managed or used; suffering control; governable;
tractable; subservient; as, a manageable horse.

Syn.
 -- Governable; tractable; controllable; docile.
 -- Man"age*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Man"age*a*bly, adv.

MANAGELESS
Man"age*less, a.

Defn: Unmanageable.[R.]

MANAGEMENT
Man"age*ment, n. Etym: [From Manage, v.]

1. The act or art of managing; the manner of treating, directing,
carrying on, or using, for a purpose; conduct; administration;
guidance; control; as, the management of a family or of a farm; the
management of state affairs. "The management of the voice." E.
Porter.

2. Business dealing; negotiation; arrangement.
He had great managements with ecclesiastics. Addison
.

3. Judicious use of means to accomplish an end; conduct directed by
art or address; skillful treatment; cunning practice; -- often in a
bad sense.
Mark with what management their tribes divide Some stick to you, and
some to t'other side. Dryden.

4. The collective body of those who manage or direct any enterprise
or interest; the board of managers.

Syn.
 -- Conduct; administration; government; direction; guidance; care;
charge; contrivance; intrigue.

MANAGER
Man"a*ger, n.

1. One who manages; a conductor or director; as, the manager of a
theater.
A skillful manager of the rabble. South.

2. A person who conducts business or household affairs with economy
and frugality; a good economist.
A prince of great aspiring thoughts; in the main, a manager of his
treasure. Sir W. Temple.

3. A contriver; an intriguer. Shak.

MANAGERIAL
Man`a*ge"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to management or a manager; as, managerial
qualities. "Managerial responsibility." C. Bronté.

MANAGERSHIP
Man"a*ger*ship, n.

Defn: The office or position of a manager.

MANAGERY
Man"age*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. menagerie, mesnagerie. See Manage, n.,
and cf. Menagerie.]

1. Management; manner of using; conduct; direction.

2. Husbandry; economy; frugality. Bp. Burnet.

MANAKIN
Man"a*kin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. & G. manakin; prob. the native name.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous small birds belonging to Pipra, Manacus,
and other genera of the family Pipridæ. They are mostly natives of
Central and South America. some are bright-colored, and others have
the wings and tail curiously ornamented. The name is sometimes
applied to related birds of other families.

MANAKIN
Man"a*kin, n.

Defn: A dwarf. See Manikin. Shak.

MANATEE
Man`a*tee", n. Etym: [Sp. manatí, from the native name in Hayti. Cf.
Lamantin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Trichechus, a genus of sirenians; -- called
alsosea cow. [Written also manaty, manati.]

Note: One species (Trichechus Senegalensis) inhabits the west coast
of Africa; another (T. Americanus) inhabits the east coast of South
America, and the West-Indies. The Florida manatee (T. latirostris) is
by some considered a distinct species, by others it is thought to be
a variety of T. Americanus. It sometimes becomes fifteen feet or more
in length, and lives both in fresh and salt water. It is hunted for
its oil and flesh.

MANATION
Ma*na"tion, n.Etym: [L.manatio, fr. manare to flow.]

Defn: The act of issuing or flowing out. [Obs.]

MANBIRD
Man"bird`, n.

Defn: An aviator. [Colloq.]

MANBOTE
Man"bote`, n. Etym: [AS. man man, vassal + bot recompense.] (Anglo-
Saxon Law)

Defn: A sum paid to a lord as a pecuniary compensation for killing
his man (that is, his vassal, servant, or tenant). Spelman.

MANCA
Man"ca, n. Etym: [LL.]

Defn: See Mancus.

MANCHE
Manche, n. [Also maunch.] Etym: [F. manche, fr. L. manica. See
Manacle.]

Defn: A sleeve. [Obs.]

MANCHET
Man"chet, n.

Defn: Fine white bread; a loaf of fine bread. [Archaic] Bacon.
Tennyson.

MANCHINEEL
Man`chi*neel", n. Etym: [Sp. manzanillo, fr. manzana an apple, fr. L.
malum Matianum a kind of apple. So called from its apple-like fruit.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A euphorbiaceous tree (Hippomane Mancinella) of tropical
America, having a poisonous and blistering milky juice, and poisonous
acrid fruit somewhat resembling an apple. Bastard manchineel, a tree
(Cameraria latifolia) of the East Indies, having similar poisonous
properties. Lindley.

MANCHU
Man*chu", a. Etym: [Written also Manchoo, Mantchoo, etc.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Manchuria or its inhabitants.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Manchuria; also, the language spoken
by the Manchus.

MANCIPATE
Man"ci*pate, v. t. Etym: [L. mancipatus, p. p. of mancipare to sell.
Cf. Emancipate.]

Defn: To enslave; to bind; to restrict. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

MANCIPATION
Man`ci*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. mancipatio a transfer.]

Defn: Slavery; involuntary servitude. [Obs.] Johnson.

MANCIPLE
Man"ci*ple, n. Etym: [From OF. mancipe slave, servant (with l
inserted, as in participle), fr. L. mancipium. See Mancipate.]

Defn: A steward; a purveyor, particularly of a college or Inn of
Court. Chaucer.

MANCONA BARK
Man*co"na bark`

Defn: . See Sassy bark.

MANCUS
Man"cus, n. Etym: [AS.]

Defn: An old Anglo Saxon coin both of gold and silver, and of
variously estimated values. The silver mancus was equal to about one
shilling of modern English money.

-MANCY
-man`cy. Etym: [Gr. -mancie.]

Defn: A combining form denoting divination; as, aleuromancy,
chiromancy, necromancy, etc.

MAND
Mand, n.

Defn: A demand. [Obs.] See Demand.

MANDAMUS
Man*da"mus, n. Etym: [L., we command, fr. mandare to command.] (Law)

Defn: A writ issued by a superior court and directed to some inferior
tribunal, or to some corporation or person exercising authority,
commanding the performance of some specified duty.

MANDARIN
Man`da*rin", n. Etym: [Pg. mandarim, from Malay mantri minister of
state, prop. a Hind. word, fr. Skr. mantrin a counselor, manira a
counsel, man to think.]

1. A Chinese public officer or nobleman; a civil or military official
in China and Annam.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A small orange, with easily separable rind. It is thought to be
of Chinese origin, and is counted a distinct species (Citrus
nobilis)mandarin orange; tangerine. Mandarin duck (Zoöl.), a
beautiful Asiatic duck (Dendronessa galericulata), often
domesticated, and regarded by the Chinese as an emblem of conjugal
affection.
 -- Mandarin language, the spoken or colloquial language of educated
people in China.
 -- Mandarin yellow (Chem.), an artificial aniline dyestuff used for
coloring silk and wool, and regarded as a complex derivative of
quinoline.

MANDARINATE
Man`da*rin"ate, n.

Defn: The collective body of officials or persons of rank in China.
S. W. Williams.

MANDARINIC
Man`da*rin"ic, a.

Defn: Appropriate or peculiar to a mandarin.

MANDARINING
Man`da*rin"ing, n. (Dyeing)

Defn: The process of giving an orange color to goods formed of animal
tissue, as silk or wool, not by coloring matter, but by producing a
certain change in the fiber by the action of dilute nitric acid.
Tomlinson.

MANDARINISM
Man`da*rin"ism, n.

Defn: A government mandarins; character or spirit of the mandarins.
F. Lieder.

MANDATARY
Man"da*ta*ry, n. Etym: [L. mandatarius, fr. mandatum a charge,
commission, order: cf. F. mandataire. See Mandate.]

1. One to whom a command or charge is given; hence, specifically, a
person to whom the pope has, by his prerogative, given a mandate or
order for his benefice. Ayliffe.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who undertakes to discharge a specific business commission;
a mandatory. Wharton.

MANDATE
Man"date, n. Etym: [L. mandatum, fr. mandare to commit to one's
charge, order, orig., to put into one's hand; manus hand + dare to
give: cf. F. mandat. See Manual, Date a time, and cf. Commend, Maundy
Thursday.]

1. An official or authoritative command; an order or injunction; a
commission; a judicial precept.
This dream all-powerful Juno; I bear Her mighty mandates, and her
words you hear. Dryden.

2. (Canon Law)

Defn: A rescript of the pope, commanding an ordinary collator to put
the person therein named in possession of the first vacant benefice
in his collation.

3. (Scots Law)

Defn: A contract by which one employs another to manage any business
for him. By the Roman law, it must have been gratuitous. Erskine.

MANDATOR
Man*da"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. A director; one who gives a mandate or order. Ayliffe.

2. (Rom. Law)

Defn: The person who employs another to perform a mandate. Bouvier.

MANDATORY
Man"da*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. mandatorius.]

Defn: Containing a command; preceptive; directory.

MANDATORY
Man"da*to*ry, n.

Defn: Same as Mandatary.

MANDELATE
Man"del*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of mandelic acid.

MANDELIC
Man*del"ic, a. Etym: [G. mandel almond.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to an acid first obtained from benzoic aldehyde (oil
of better almonds), as a white crystalline substance; -- called also
phenyl glycolic acid.

MANDER
Man"der, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Maunder.

MANDERIL
Man"der*il, n.

Defn: A mandrel.

MANDIBLE
Man"di*ble, n. Etym: [L. mandibula, mandibulum, fr. mandere to chew.
Cf. Manger.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The bone, or principal bone, of the lower jaw; the inferior
maxilla; -- also applied to either the upper or the lower jaw in the
beak of birds.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The anterior pair of mouth organs of insects, crustaceaus, and
related animals, whether adapted for biting or not. See Illust. of
Diptera.

MANDIBULAR
Man*dib"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. mandibulaire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a mandible; like a mandible.
 -- n.

Defn: The principal mandibular bone; the mandible. Mandibular arch
(Anat.), the most anterior visceral arch, -- that in which the
mandible is developed.

MANDIBULATE; MANDIBULATED
Man*dib"u*late, Man*dib"u*la`ted, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Provided with mandibles adapted for biting, as many insects.

MANDIBULATE
Man*dib"u*late, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect having mandibles.

MANDIBULIFORM
Man`di*bu"li*form, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the form of a mandible; -- said especially of the
maxillæ of an insect when hard and adapted for biting.

MANDIBULOHYOID
Man*dib`u*lo*hy"oid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining both to the mandibular and the hyoid arch, or
situated between them.

MANDIL
Man"dil, n. Etym: [OF. mandil; cf. Sp. & Pg. mandil a coarse apron, a
haircloth; all from Ar. mandil tablecloth, handkerchief, mantle, fr.
LGr. mantile, mantele. See Mantle.]

Defn: A loose outer garment worn the 16th and 17th centuries.

MANDILION
Man*dil"ion, n.

Defn: See Mandil. Chapman.

MANDINGOS
Man*din"gos, n. pl.

Defn: ; sing. Mandingo. (Ethnol.) An extensive and powerful tribe of
West African negroes.

MANDIOC; MANDIOCA
Man"di*oc, Man`di*o"ca, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Manioc.

MANDLESTONE
Man"dle*stone`, n. Etym: [G. mandelstein almond stone.] (Min.)

Defn: Amygdaloid.

MANDMENT
Mand"ment, n.

Defn: Commandment. [Obs.]

MANDOLA
Man*do"la, n. [It. See Mandolin.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument closely resembling the mandolin, but of larger
size and tuned lower.

MANDOLIN; MANDOLINE
Man"do*lin, Man"do*line, n. Etym: [F. mandoline, It. mandolino, dim.
of mandola, fr. L. pandura. See Bandore.] (Mus.)

Defn: A small and beautifully shaped instrument resembling the lute.

MANDORE
Man"dore, n. Etym: [See Mandolin, and Bandore.] (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of four-stringed lute.

MANDRAGORA
Man*drag"o*ra, n. Etym: [L., mandragoras the mandrake.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants; the mandrake. See Mandrake, 1.

MANDRAGORITE
Man*drag"o*rite, n.

Defn: One who habitually intoxicates himself with a narcotic obtained
from mandrake.

MANDRAKE
Man"drake, n. Etym: [AS. mandragora, L. mandragoras, fr. Gr.
mandragore.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A low plant (Mandragora officinarum) of the Nightshade family,
having a fleshy root, often forked, and supposed to resemble a man.
It was therefore supposed to have animal life, and to cry out when
pulled up. All parts of the plant are strongly narcotic. It is found
in the Mediterranean region.
And shrieks like mandrakes, torn out of the earth, That living
mortals, hearing them, run mad. Shak.

Note: The mandrake of Scripture was perhaps the same plant, but proof
is wanting.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The May apple (Podophyllum peltatum). See May apple under May,
and Podophyllum. [U.S.]

MANDREL
Man"drel, n. Etym: [F. mandrin, prob. through (assumed) LL.
mamphurinum, fr. L. mamphur a bow drill.] (Mach.)
(a) A bar of metal inserted in the work to shape it, or to hold it,
as in a lathe, during the process of manufacture; an arbor.
(b) The live spindle of a turning lathe; the revolving arbor of a
circular saw. It is usually driven by a pulley. [Written also
manderil.] Mandrel lathe, a lathe with a stout spindle, adapted esp.
for chucking, as for forming hollow articles by turning or spinning.

MANDRILL
Man"drill, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mandrille, Sp. mandril, It. mandrillo;
prob. the native name in Africa. Cf. Drill an ape.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: a large West African baboon (Cynocephalus, or Papio, mormon).
The adult male has, on the sides of the nose, large, naked, grooved
swellings, conspicuously striped with blue and red.

MANDUCABLE
Man"du*ca*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. manducable. See Manducate.]

Defn: Such as can be chewed; fit to be eaten. [R.]
Any manducable creature. Sir T. Herbert.

MANDUCATE
Man"du*cate v. t. [imp. & p. p. Manducated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Manducating.] Etym: [L. manducatus, p. p. of manducare to chew. See
Manger.]

Defn: To masticate; to chew; to eat. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

MANDUCATION
Man`du*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. manducatio: cf. F. manducation.]

Defn: The act of chewing. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

MANDUCATORY
Man"du*ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or employed in, chewing.

MANDUCUS
Man*du"cus, n. Etym: [L., fr. manducare to chew.] (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A grotesque mask, representing a person chewing or grimacing,
worn in processions and by comic actors on the stage.

MANE
Mane, n. Etym: [AS. manu; akin to OD. mane, D. maan, G. mähne, OHG.
mana, Icel. mön, Dan. & Sw. man, AS. mene necklace, Icel. men, L.
monile, Gr. manya neck muscles. sq. root275.]

Defn: The long and heavy hair growing on the upper side of, or about,
the neck of some quadrupedal animals, as the horse, the lion, etc.
See Illust. of Horse.

MAN-EATER
Man"-eat`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One who, or that which, has an appetite for human flesh;
specifically, one of certain large sharks (esp. Carcharodon
Rondeleti); also, a lion or a tiger which has acquired the habit of
feeding upon human flesh.

MANED
Maned, a.

Defn: Having a mane. Maned seal (Zoöl.), the sea lion.
 -- Maned sheep (Zoöl.), the aoudad.

MANEGE
Ma*nege", n. Etym: [F. manège. See Manage, n.]

1. Art of horsemanship, or of training horses

2. A school for teaching horsemanship, and for training horses.
Chesterfield.

MANEH
Ma"neh, n. Etym: [Heb. maneh.]

Defn: A Hebrew weight for gold or silver, being one hundred shekels
of gold and sixty shekels of silver. Ezek. xlv. 12.

MANELESS
Mane"less, a.

Defn: Having no mane. Maneless lion (Zoöl.), a variety of the lion
having a short, inconspicuous mane. It inhabits Arabia and adjacent
countries.

MANEQUIN
Man"e*quin, n. Etym: [See Manikin.]

Defn: An artist's model of wood or other material.

MANERIAL
Ma*ne"ri*al, a.

Defn: See Manorial.

MANES
Ma"nes, n. pl. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The benevolent spirits of the dead, especially of dead
ancestors, regarded as family deities and protectors.
Hail, O ye holy manes! Dryden.

MANESHEET
Mane"sheet`, n.

Defn: A covering placed over the upper part of a horse's head.

MANEUVER; MANOEUVRE
Ma*neu"ver, Ma*noeu"vre, n. Etym: [F. manoeuvre, OF. manuevre, LL.
manopera, lit., hand work, manual labor; L.manus hand + opera, fr.
opus work. See Manual, Operate, and cf. Mainor, Manure.]

1. Management; dexterous movement; specif., a military or naval
evolution, movement, or change of position.

2. Management with address or artful design; adroit proceeding;
stratagem.

MANEUVER; MANOEUVRE
Ma*neu"ver, Ma*noeu"vre, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Maneuvered or
Manoeuvred; p. pr. & vb. n. Maneuvering (, or Manoeuvring (.] Etym:
[Cf. F. manoeuvrer. See Maneuver, n.]

1. To perform a movement or movements in military or naval tactics;
to make changes in position with reference to getting advantage in
attack or defense.

2. To manage with address or art; to scheme.

MANEUVER; MANOEUVRE
Ma*neu"ver, Ma*noeu"vre, v. t.

Defn: To change the positions of, as of troops of ships.

MANEUVERER; MANOEUVRER
Ma*neu"ver*er, Ma*noeu"vrer, n.

Defn: One who maneuvers.
This charming widow Beaumont is a nanoeuvrer. We can't well make an
English word of it. Miss Edgeworth.

MANFUL
Man"ful, a.

Defn: Showing manliness, or manly spirit; hence, brave, courageous,
resolute, noble. " Manful hardiness." Chaucer.
 -- Man"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Man"ful*ness, n.

MANGABEY
Man"ga*bey, n. Etym: [So called by Buffon from Mangaby, in
Madagascar, where he erroneously supposed them be native.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several African monkeys of the genus Cercocebus, as
the sooty mangabey (C. fuliginosus), which is sooty black. [Also
written mangaby.]

MANGAN
Man"gan, n.

Defn: See Mangonel.

MANGANATE
Man"ga*nate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. manganate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of manganic acid.

Note: The manganates are usually green, and are wellknown compounds,
though derived from a hypothetical acid.

MANGANESATE
Man`ga*ne"sate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A manganate. [Obs.]

MANGANESE
Man`ga*nese", n. Etym: [F. manganèse, It. mamaganese, sasso magnesio;
prob. corrupted from L. magnes, because of its resemblance to the
magnet. See Magnet, and cf. Magnesia.] (Chem.)

Defn: An element obtained by reduction of its oxide, as a hard,
grayish white metal, fusible with difficulty, but easily oxidized.
Its ores occur abundantly in nature as the minerals pyrolusite,
manganite, etc. Symbol Mn. Atomic weight 54.8.

Note: An alloy of manganese with iron (called ferromanganese) is used
to increase the density and hardness of steel. Black oxide of
manganese, Manganese dioxide or peroxide, or Black manganese (Chem.),
a heavy black powder MnO2, occurring native as the mineral
pyrolusite, and valuable as a strong oxidizer; -- called also
familiarly manganese. It colors glass violet, and is used as a
decolorizer to remove the green tint of impure glass. Manganese
bronze, an alloy made by adding from one to two per cent of manganese
to the copper and zinc used in brass.

MANGANESE STEEL
Man`ga*nese" steel.

Defn: Cast steel containing a considerable percentage of manganese,
which makes it very hard and tough. See Alloy steel, above.

MANGANESIAN
Man`ga*ne"sian, a. Etym: [Cf. F. manganésien.] (Chem.)

Defn: Manganic. [R.]

MANGANESIC
Man`ga*ne"sic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. manganésique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Manganic. [Obs.]

MANGANESIOUS
Man`ga*ne"sious, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Manganous.

MANGANESIUM
Man`ga*ne"si*um, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Manganese.

MANGANESOUS
Man`ga*ne"sous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Manganous.

MANGANIC
Man`gan"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. manganique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to resembling, or containing, manganese;
specif., designating compounds in which manganese has a higher
valence as contrasted with manganous compounds. Cf. Manganous.
Manganic acid, an acid, H2MnO4, formed from manganese, analogous to
sulphuric acid.

MANGANIFEROUS
Man`ga*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Manganese + -ferous.]

Defn: Containing manganese.

MANGANITE
Man"ga*nite, n.

1. (Min.)

Defn: One of the oxides of manganese; -- called also gray manganese
ore. It occurs in brilliant steel-gray or iron-black crystals, also
massive.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of manganese dioxide with a metallic oxide; so
called as though derived from the hypothetical manganous acid.

MANGANIUM
Man*ga"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Manganese.

MANGANOUS
Man"ga*nous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, designating, those compounds of manganese in
which the element has a lower valence as contrasted with manganic
compounds; as, manganous oxide. Manganous acid, a hypothetical
compound analogous to sulphurous acid, and forming the so-called
manganites.

MANGCORN
Mang"corn`, n. Etym: [OE. mengen to mix. See Mingle, and Corn.]

Defn: A mixture of wheat and rye, or other species of grain. [Prov
Eng.]

MANGE
Mange, n. Etym: [See Mangy.] (Vet.)

Defn: The scab or itch in cattle, dogs, and other beasts. Mange
insect (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small parasitic mites,
which burrow in the skin of cattle. horses, dogs, and other animals,
causing the mange. The mange insect of the horse (Psoroptes, or
Dermatodectes, equi), and that of cattle (Symbiotes, or
Dermatophagys, bovis) are the most important species. See Acarina.

MANGEL-WURZEL
Man"gel-wur`zel, n. Etym: [G., corrupted fr. mangoldwurzel; mangold
beet + wurzel root.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of large field beet (B. macrorhiza), used as food for
cattle, -- by some considered a mere variety of the ordinary beet.
See Beet. [Written also mangold-wurzel.]

MANGER
Man"ger, n. Etym: [F. mangeoire, fr. manger to eat, fr. L. manducare,
fr. mandere to chew. Cf. Mandible, Manducate.]

1. A trough or open box in which fodder is placed for horses or
cattle to eat.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The fore part of the deck, having a bulkhead athwart ships high
enough to prevent water which enters the hawse holes from running
over it.

MANGILY
Man"gi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a mangy manner; scabbily.

MANGINESS
Man"gi*ness, n. Etym: [From Mangy.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being mangy.

MANGLE
Man"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mangled; p. pr. & vb. n. Mangling.]
Etym: [A frequentative fr. OE. manken to main, AS. mancian, in
bemancian to mutilate, fr. L. mancus maimed; perh. akin to G. mangeln
to be wanting.]

1. To cut or bruise with repeated blows or strokes, making a ragged
or torn wound, or covering with wounds; to tear in cutting; to cut in
a bungling manner; to lacerate; to mutilate.
Mangled with ghastly wounds through plate and mail. Milton.

2. To mutilate or injure, in making, doing, or pertaining; as, to
mangle a piece of music or a recitation.
To mangle a play or a novel. Swift.

MANGLE
Man"gle, n. Etym: [D. mangel, fr. OE. mangonel a machine for throwing
stones, LL. manganum, Gr. Mangonel.]

Defn: A machine for smoothing linen or cotton cloth, as sheets,
tablecloths, napkins, and clothing, by roller pressure. Mangle rack
(Mach.), a contrivance for converting continuous circular motion into
reciprocating rectilinear motion, by means of a rack and pinion, as
in the mangle. The pinion is held to the rack by a groove in such a
manner that it passes alternately from one side of the rack to the
other, and thus gives motion to it in opposite directions, according
to the side in which its teeth are engaged.
 -- Mangle wheel, a wheel in which the teeth, or pins, on its face,
are interrupted on one side, and the pinion, working in them, passes
from inside to outside of the teeth alternately, thus converting the
continuous circular motion of the pinion into a reciprocating
circular motion of the wheel.

MANGLE
Man"gle, v. t. Etym: [Cf. D. mangelen. See Mangle, n.]

Defn: To smooth with a mangle, as damp linen or cloth.

MANGLER
Man"gler, n. Etym: [See 1st Mangle.]

Defn: One who mangles or tears in cutting; one who mutilates any work
in doing it.

MANGLER
Man"gler, n. Etym: [See 3d Mangle.]

Defn: One who smooths with a mangle.

MANGO
Man"go, n.; pl. Mangoes. Etym: [Pg. manga, fr. Tamil mankay.]

1. The fruit of the mango tree. It is rather larger than an apple,
and of an ovoid shape. Some varieties are fleshy and luscious, and
others tough and tasting of turpentine. The green fruit is pickled
for market.

2. A green muskmelon stuffed and pickled. Mango bird (Zoöl.), an
oriole (Oriolus kundoo), native of India.
 -- Mango fish (Zoöl.), a fish of the Ganges (Polynemus risua),
highly esteemed for food. It has several long, slender filaments
below the pectoral fins. It appears about the same time with the
mango fruit, in April and May, whence the name.
 -- Mango tree (Bot.), an East Indian tree of the genus Mangifera (M.
Indica), related to the cashew and the sumac. It grows to a large
size, and produces the mango of commerce. It is now cultivated in
tropical America.

MANGOLDWURZEL
Man"gold*wur`zel, n. Etym: [G.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Mangel-wurzel.

MANGONEL
Man"go*nel, n. Etym: [OF. mangonel, LL. manganellus, manganum, fr.
Gr. Mangle, n.]

Defn: A military engine formerly used for throwing stones and
javelins.

MANGONISM
Man"go*nism, n.

Defn: The art of mangonizing, or setting off to advantage. [Obs.]

MANGONIST
Man"go*nist, n.

1. One who mangonizes. (Zoöl.)

2. A slave dealer; also, a strumpet. [Obs.]

MANGONIZE
Man"go*nize, v. t. Etym: [L. mangonizare, fr. mango a dealer in
slaves or wares, to which he tries to give an appearance of greater
value by decking them out or furbishing them up.]

Defn: To furbish up for sale; to set off to advantage. [Obs. or R.]
B. Jonson.

MANGOSTEEN; MANGOSTAN
Man"go*steen, Man"go*stan, n. Etym: [Malay mangusta, mangis.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tree of the East Indies of the genus Garcinia (G.
Mangostana). The tree grows to the height of eighteen feet, and bears
fruit also called mangosteen, of the size of a small apple, the pulp
of which is very delicious food.

MANGROVE
Man"grove, n. Etym: [Malay manggi-manggi.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of one or two trees of the genus Rhizophora (R.
Mangle, and R. mucronata, the last doubtfully distinct) inhabiting
muddy shores of tropical regions, where they spread by emitting
aërial roots, which fasten in the saline mire and eventually become
new stems. The seeds also send down a strong root while yet attached
to the parent plant.

Note: The fruit has a ruddy brown shell, and a delicate white pulp
which is sweet and eatable. The bark is astringent, and is used for
tanning leather. The black and the white mangrove (Avicennia nitida
and A. tomentosa) have much the same habit.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The mango fish.

MANGUE
Mangue, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The kusimanse.

MANGY
Man"gy, a. [Compar. Mangier; superl. Mangiest.] Etym: [F. mangé, p.
p. of manger to eat. See Manger.]

Defn: Infected with the mange; scabby.

MANHADEN
Man*ha"den, n.

Defn: See Menhaden.

MANHANDLE
Man*han"dle, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. -handled; p. pr. & vb. n. -
handling.]

1. To move, or manage, by human force without mechanical aid; as, to
manhandle a cannon.

2.  To handle roughly; as, the captive was manhandled.

MANHEAD
Man"head, n.

Defn: Manhood. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MANHES PROCESS
Man`hès" proc"ess. (Copper Metal.)

Defn: A process by which copper matte is treated by passing through
it a blast of air, to oxidize and remove sulphur. It is analogous in
apparatus to the Bessemer process for decarbonizing cast iron. So
called from Pierre Manhès, a French metallurgist, who invented it.

MANHOLE
Man"hole`, n.

Defn: A hole through which a man may descend or creep into a drain,
sewer, steam boiler, parts of machinery, etc., for cleaning or
repairing.

MANHOOD
Man"hood, n. Etym: [Man- + -hood.]

1. The state of being man as a human being, or man as distinguished
from a child or a woman.

2. Manly quality; courage; bravery; resolution.
I am ashamed That thou hast power to shake my manhood thus. Shak.

MANIA
Ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [L. mania, Gr. manie, F. manie. Cf. Mind, n.,
Necromancy.]

1. Violent derangement of mind; madness; insanity. Cf. Delirium.

2. Excessive or unreasonable desire; insane passion affecting one or
many people; as, the tulip mania. Mania a potu Etym: [L.], madness
from drinking; delirium tremens.

Syn.
 -- Insanity; derangement; madness; lunacy; alienation; aberration;
delirium; frenzy. See Insanity.

MANIABLE
Man"i*a*ble, a. Etym: [F., fr. manier to manage, fr. L. manus hand.]

Defn: Manageable. [Obs.] Bacon.

MANIAC
Ma"ni*ac, a. Etym: [F. maniaque. See Mania.]

Defn: Raving with madness; raging with disordered intellect; affected
with mania; mad.

MANIAC
Ma"ni*ac, n.

Defn: A raving lunatic; a madman.

MANIACAL
Ma*ni"a*cal, a.

Defn: Affected with, or characterized by, madness; maniac.
 -- Ma*ni"a*cal*ly, adv.

MANIC
Man"ic, a. [Gr.  mad, frenzied.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pert. to, or characterized by, mania, or excitement.

MANICATE
Man"i*cate, a. Etym: [L. manicatus sleeved, fr. manica a sleeve.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Covered with hairs or pubescence so platted together and
interwoven as to form a mass easily removed.

MANICHAEAN; MANICHEAN; MANICHEE
Man`i*chæ"an, Man`i*che"an, Man"i*chee, n. Etym: [LL. Manichaeus: cf.
F. manichéen.]

Defn: A believer in the doctrines of Manes, a Persian of the third
century A. D., who taught a dualism in which Light is regarded as the
source of Good, and Darkness as the source of Evil.
The Manichæans stand as representatives of dualism pushed to its
utmost development. Tylor.

MANICHAEAN; MANICHEAN
Man`i*chæ"an, Man`i*che"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Manichæans.

MANICHAEISM; MANICHEISM
Man"i*chæ*ism, Man"i*che*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. manichéisme.]

Defn: The doctrines taught, or system of principles maintained, by
the Manichæans.

MANICHEIST
Man"i*che*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. manichéiste.]

Defn: Manichæan.

MANICHORD; MANICHORDON
Man"i*chord, Man`i*chor"don, Etym: [L. monochordon, Gr. Monochord.]
(Mus.)

Defn: The clavichord or clarichord; -- called also dumb spinet.

MANICURE
Man"i*cure, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. manus hand + curare to cure.]

Defn: A person who makes a business of taking care of people's hands,
especially their nails.
[Men] who had taken good care of their hands by wearing gloves and
availing themselves of the services of a manicure. Pop. Sci. Monthly.

MANID
Ma"nid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of the genus Manis, or family Manidæ.

MANIE
Ma`nie", n. Etym: [F. See Mania.]

Defn: Mania; insanity. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MANIFEST
Man"i*fest, a. Etym: [F. manifeste, L. manifestus, lit., struck by
the hand, hence, palpable; manus hand + fendere (in comp.) to strike.
See Manual, and Defend.]

1. Evident to the senses, esp. to the sight; apparent; distinctly
perceived; hence, obvious to the understanding; apparent to the mind;
easily apprehensible; plain; not obscure or hidden.
Neither is there any creature that is not manifest in his sight. Heb.
iv. 13.
That which may be known of God is manifest in them. Rom. i. 19.
Thus manifest to sight the god appeared. Dryden.

2. Detected; convicted; -- with of. [R.]
Calistho there stood manifest of shame. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Open; clear; apparent; evident; visible; conspicuous; plain;
obvious.
 -- Manifest, Clear, Plain, Obvious, Evident. What is clear can be
seen readily; what is obvious lies directly in our way, and
necessarily arrests our attention; what isevident is seen so clearly
as to remove doubt; what is manifest is very distinctly evident.
So clear, so shining, and so evident, That it will glimmer through a
blind man's eye. Shak.
Entertained with solitude, Where obvious duty erMilton.
I saw, I saw him manifest in view, His voice, his figure, and his
gesture knew. Dryden.

MANIFEST
Man"i*fest, n.; pl. Manifests. Etym: [Cf. F. manifeste. See Manifest,
a., and cf. Manifesto.]

1. A public declaration; an open statement; a manifesto. See
Manifesto. [Obs.]

2. A list or invoice of a ship's cargo, containing a description by
marks, numbers, etc., of each package of goods, to be exhibited at
the customhouse. Bouvier.

MANIFEST
Man"i*fest, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Manifested; p. pr. & vb. n.
Manifesting.]

1. To show plainly; to make to appear distinctly, -- usually to the
mind; to put beyond question or doubt; to display; to exhibit.
There is nothing hid which shall not be manifested. Mark iv. 22.
Thy life did manifest thou lovedst me not. Shak.

2. To exhibit the manifests or prepared invoices of; to declare at
the customhouse.

Syn.
 -- To reveal; declare; evince; make known; disclose; discover;
display.

MANIFESTABLE
Man"i*fest`a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be manifested.

MANIFESTATION
Man`i*fes*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. manifestatio: cf. F. manifestation.]

Defn: The act of manifesting or disclosing, or the state of being
manifested; discovery to the eye or to the understanding; also, that
which manifests; exhibition; display; revelation; as, the
manifestation of God's power in creation.
The secret manner in which acts of mercy ought to be performed,
requires this public manifestation of them at the great day.
Atterbury.

MANIFESTIBLE
Man"i*fest`i*ble, a.

Defn: Manifestable.

MANIFESTLY
Man"i*fest*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manifest manner.

MANIFESTNESS
Man"i*fest*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being manifest; obviousness.

MANIFESTO
Man`i*fes"to, n.; pl. Manifestoes. Etym: [It. manifesto. See
Manifest, n. & a.]

Defn: A public declaration, usually of a prince, sovereign, or other
person claiming large powers, showing his intentions, or proclaiming
his opinions and motives in reference to some act done or
contemplated by him; as, a manifesto declaring the purpose of a
prince to begin war, and explaining his motives. Bouvier.
it was proposed to draw up a manifesto, setting forth the grounds and
motives of our taking arms. Addison
.
Frederick, in a public manifesto, appealed to the Empire against the
insolent pretensions of the pope. Milman.

MANIFOLD
Man"i*fold, a. Etym: [AS. manigfeald. See Many, and Fold.]

1. Various in kind or quality; many in number; numerous; multiplied;
complicated.
O Lord, how manifold are thy works! Ps. civ. 24.
I know your manifold transgressions. Amos v. 12.

2. Exhibited at divers times or in various ways; -- used to qualify
nouns in the singular number. "The manifold wisdom of God." Eph. iii.
10. "The manifold grace of God." 1 Pet. iv. 10. Manifold writing, a
process or method by which several copies, as of a letter, are
simultaneously made, sheets of coloring paper being infolded with
thin sheets of plain paper upon which the marks made by a stylus or a
type-writer are transferred.

MANIFOLD
Man"i*fold, n.

1. A copy of a writing made by the manifold process.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A cylindrical pipe fitting, having a number of lateral outlets,
for connecting one pipe with several others.

3. pl.

Defn: The third stomach of a ruminant animal. [Local, U.S.]

MANIFOLD
Man"i*fold, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Manifolded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Manifolding.]

Defn: To take copies of by the process of manifold writing; as, to
manifold a letter.

MANIFOLDED
Man"i*fold`ed, a.

Defn: Having many folds, layers, or plates; as, a manifolded shield.
[Obs.]

MANIFOLDLY
Man"i*fold`ly, adv.

Defn: In a manifold manner.

MANIFOLDNESS
Man"i*fold`ness, n.

1. Multiplicity. Sherwood.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A generalized concept of magnitude.

MANIFORM
Man"i*form, a. Etym: [L. manus hand + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like the hand.

MANIGLION
Ma*ni"glion, n. Etym: [It. maniglio, maniglia, bracelet, handle. Cf.
Manilio.] (Gun.)

Defn: Either one of two handles on the back of a piece of ordnance.

MANIHOC; MANIHOT
Man"i*hoc, Man"i*hot, n.

Defn: See Manioc.

MANIKIN
Man"i*kin, n. Etym: [OD. manneken, dim. of man man. See Man, and -
kin.]

1. A little man; a dwarf; a pygmy; a manakin.

2. A model of the human body, made of papier-mache or other material,
commonly in detachable pieces, for exhibiting the different parts and
organs, their relative position, etc.

MANILA; MANILLA
Ma*nil"a, Ma*nil"la, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Manila or Manilla, the capital of the
Philippine Islands; made in, or exported from, that city. Manila
cheroot or cigar, a cheroot or cigar made of tobacco grown in the
Philippine Islands.
 -- Manila hemp, a fibrous material obtained from the Musa textilis,
a plant allied to the banana, growing in the Philippine and other
East India islands; -- called also by the native name abaca. From it
matting, canvas, ropes, and cables are made.
 -- Manila paper, a durable brown or buff paper made of Manila hemp,
used as a wrapping paper, and as a cheap printing and writing paper.
The name is also given to inferior papers, made of other fiber.

MANILIO
Ma*nil"io, n.

Defn: See Manilla, 1. Sir T. Herbert.

MANILLA
Ma*nil"la, n. Etym: [Sp. manilla; cf. It. maniglio, maniglia; F.
manille; Pg. manilha; all fr. L. manus hand, and formed after the
analogy of L. monile, pl. monilia, necklace: cf. F. manille.]

1. A ring worn upon the arm or leg as an ornament, especially among
the tribes of Africa.

2. A piece of copper of the shape of a horseshoe, used as money by
certain tribes of the west coast of Africa. Simmonds.

MANILLA
Ma*nil"la, a.

Defn: Same as Manila.

MANILLE
Ma*nille", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See 1st Manilla, 1.

MANIOC
Ma"ni*oc, n. Etym: [Pg. mandioca, fr. Braz.] (Bot.)

Defn: The tropical plants (Manihot utilissima, and M. Aipi), from
which cassava and tapioca are prepared; also, cassava.[Written also
mandioc, manihoc, manihot.]

MANIPLE
Man"i*ple, n. Etym: [L. manipulus, maniplus, a handful, a certain
number of soldiers; manus hand + root of plere to fill, plenus full:
cf. F.maniple. See Manual, and Full, a.]

1. A handful. [R.] B. Jonson.

2. A division of the Roman army numbering sixty men exclusive of
officers, any small body of soldiers; a company. Milton.

3. Originally, a napkin; later, an ornamental band or scarf worn upon
the left arm as a part of the vestments of a priest in the Roman
Catholic Church. It is sometimes worn in the English Church service.

MANIPULAR
Ma*nip"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. manipularis: cf. F. manipulaire.]

1. Of or pertaining to the maniple, or company.

2. Manipulatory; as, manipular operations.

MANIPULATE
Ma*nip"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Manipulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Manipulating.] Etym: [LL. manipulatus, p. p. of manipulare to lead by
the hand, fr. L. manipulus. See Maniple.]

1. To treat, work, or operate with the hands, especially when
knowledge and dexterity are required; to manage in hand work; to
handle; as, to manipulate scientific apparatus.

2. To control the action of, by management; as, to manipulate a
convention of delegates; to manipulate the stock market; also, to
manage artfully or fraudulently; as, to manipulate accounts, or
election returns.

MANIPULATE
Ma*nip"u*late, v. i.

Defn: To use the hands in dexterous operations; to do hand work;
specifically, to manage the apparatus or instruments used in
scientific work, or in artistic or mechanical processes; also,
specifically, to use the hand in mesmeric operations.

MANIPULATION
Ma*nip`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. manipulation.]

1. The act or process of manipulating, or the state of being
manipulated; the act of handling work by hand; use of the hands, in
an artistic or skillful manner, in science or art.
Manipulation is to the chemist like the external senses to the mind.
Whewell.

2. The use of the hands in mesmeric operations.

3. Artful management; as, the manipulation of political bodies;
sometimes, a management or treatment for purposes of deception or
fraud.

MANIPULATIVE
Ma*nip"u*la*tive, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to manipulation; performed by manipulation.

MANIPULATOR
Ma*nip"u*la`tor, n.

Defn: One who manipulates

MANIPULATORY
Ma*nip"u*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to manipulation.

MANIS
Ma"nis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. manes the ghosts or shades of the dead.
So called from its dismal appearance, and because it seeks for its
food by night.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of edentates, covered with large, hard, triangular
scales, with sharp edges that overlap each other like tiles on a
roof. They inhabit the warmest parts of Asia and Africa, and feed on
ants. Called also Scaly anteater. See Pangolin.

MANITO; MANITOU; MANITU
Man"i*to, Man"i*tou, Man"i*tu, n.

Defn: A name given by tribes of American Indians to a great spirit,
whether good or evil, or to any object of worship. Tylor.
Gitche Manito the mighty, The Great Spirit, the creator, Smiled upon
his helpless children! Longfellow.
Mitche Manito the mighty, He the dreadful Spirit of Evil, As a
serpent was depicted. Longfellow.

MANITRUNK
Man"i*trunk, n. Etym: [L. manus hand + E. trunk.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The anterior segment of the thorax in insects. See Insect.

MANKIND
Man`kind", n. Etym: [AS. mancynn. See Kin kindred, Kind, n.]

1. The human race; man, taken collectively.
The proper study of mankind is man. Pore.

2. Men, as distinguished from women; the male portion of human race.
Lev. xviii. 22.

3. Human feelings; humanity. [Obs] B. Jonson.

MANKIND
Man"kind`, a.

Defn: Manlike; not womanly; masculine; bold; cruel. [Obs]
Are women grown so mankind Must they be wooing Beau. & Fl.
Be not too mankind against your wife. Chapman.

MANKS
Manks, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the language or people of the of Man.
 -- n.

Defn: The language spoken in the Isle of Man. See Manx.

MANLESS
Man"less, a.

1. Destitute of men. Bakon.

2. Unmanly; inhuman. [Obs.] Chapman.

MANLESSLY
Man"less*ly, adv.

Defn: Inhumanly. [Obs.]

MANLIKE
Man"like`, a. Etym: [Man + like. Cf. Manly.]

Defn: Like man, or like a man, in form or nature; having the
qualities of a man, esp. the nobler qualities; manly. " Gentle,
manlike speech." Testament of Love. " A right manlike man." Sir P.
Sidney.
In glaring Chloe's manlike taste and mien. Shenstone.

MANLINESS
Man"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being manly.

MANLING
Man"ling, n.

Defn: A little man. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

MANLY
Man"ly, a. [Compar. Manlier; superl. Manliest.] Etym: [Man + -ly. Cf.
Manlike.]

Defn: Having qualities becoming to a man; not childish or womanish;
manlike, esp. brave, courageous, resolute, noble.
Let's briefly put on manly readiness. Shak.
Serene and manly, hardened to sustain The load of life. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Bold; daring; brave; courageous; firm; undaunted; hardy;
dignified; stately.

MANLY
Man"ly, adv.

Defn: In a manly manner; with the courage and fortitude of a manly
man; as, to act manly.

MANNA
Man"na, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. man; cf. Ar. mann, properly, gift (of
heaven).]

1. (Script.)

Defn: The food supplied to the Israelites in their journey through
the wilderness of Arabia; hence, divinely supplied food. Ex. xvi. 15.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to lichens of the genus Lecanora, sometimes blown
into heaps in the deserts of Arabia and Africa, and gathered and used
as food.

3. (Bot. & Med.)

Defn: A sweetish exudation in the form of pale yellow friable flakes,
coming from several trees and shrubs and used in medicine as a gentle
laxative, as the secretion of Fraxinus Ornus, and F. rotundifolia,
the manna ashes of Southern Europe.

Note: Persian manna is the secretion of the camel's thorn (see
Camel's thorn, under Camel); Tamarisk manna, that of the Tamarisk
mannifera, a shrub of Western Asia; Australian, manna, that of
certain species of eucalyptus; Briançon manna, that of the European
larch. Manna grass (Bot.), a name of several tall slender grasses of
the genus Glyceria. they have long loose panicles, and grow in moist
places. Nerved manna grass is Glyceria nervata, and Floating manna
grass is G. flu.
 -- Manna insect (Zoöl), a scale insect (Gossyparia mannipara), which
causes the exudation of manna from the Tamarisk tree in Arabia.

MANNA CROUP
Man"na croup`. Etym: [Manna + Russ. & Pol. krupa groats, grits.]

1. The portions of hard wheat kernels not ground into flour by the
millstones: a kind of semolina prepared in Russia and used for
puddings, soups, etc.
 -- called also manna groats.

2. The husked grains of manna grass.

MANNER
Man"ner, n. Etym: [OE. manere, F. manière, from OF. manier, adj.,
manual, skillful, handy, fr. (assumed) LL. manarius, for L. manuarius
belonging to the hand, fr. manus the hand. See Manual.]

1. Mode of action; way of performing or effecting anything; method;
style; form; fashion.
The nations which thou hast removed, and placed in the cities of
Samaria, know not the manner of the God of the land. 2 Kings xvii.
26.
The temptations of prosperity insinuate themselves after a gentle,
but very powerful,manner. Atterbury.

2. Characteristic mode of acting, conducting, carrying one's self, or
the like; bearing; habitual style. Specifically:
(a) Customary method of acting; habit.
Paul, as his manner was, went in unto them. Acts xvii. 2.
Air and manner are more expressive than words. Richardson.
(b) pl.

Defn: Carriage; behavior; deportment; also, becoming behavior; well-
bred carriage and address.
Good manners are made up of petty sacrifices. Emerson.

(c) The style of writing or thought of an author; characteristic
peculiarity of an artist.

3. Certain degree or measure; as, it is in a manner done already.
The bread is in a manner common. 1 Sam. xxi.5.

4. Sort; kind; style; -- in this application sometimes having the
sense of a plural, sorts or kinds.
Ye tithe mint, and rue, and all manner of herbs. Luke xi. 42.
I bid thee say, What manner of man art thou Coleridge.

Note: In old usage, of was often omitted after manner, when employed
in this sense. "A manner Latin corrupt was her speech." Chaucer. By
any manner of means, in any way possible; by any sort of means.
 -- To be taken in, or with the manner. Etym: [A corruption of to be
taken in the mainor. See Mainor.] To be taken in the very act. [Obs.]
See Mainor.
 -- To make one's manners, to make a bow or courtesy; to offer
salutation.
 -- Manners bit, a portion left in a dish for the sake of good
manners. Hallwell.

Syn.
 -- Method; mode; custom; habit; fashion; air; look; mien; aspect;
appearance. See Method.

MANNERCHOR
Män"ner*chor`, n.; G. pl. -chöre (#). [G.; männer, pl. of mann man +
chor chorus.]

Defn: A German men's chorus or singing club.

MANNERED
Man"nered, a.

1. Having a certain way, esp a. polite way, of carrying and
conducting one's self.
Give her princely training, that she may be Mannered as she is born.
Shak.

2. Affected with mannerism; marked by excess of some characteristic
peculiarity.
His style is in some degree mannered and confined. Hazlitt.

MANNERISM
Man"ner*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. maniérisme.]

Defn: Adherence to a peculiar style or manner; a characteristic mode
of action, bearing, or treatment, carried to excess, especially in
literature or art.
Mannerism is pardonable,and is sometimes even agreeable, when the
manner, though vicious, is natural . . . . But a mannerism which does
not sit easy on the mannerist, which has been adopted on principle,
and which can be sustained only by constant effort, is always
offensive. Macaulay.

MANNERIST
Man"ner*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. maniériste.]

Defn: One addicted to mannerism; a person who, in action, bearing, or
treatment, carries characteristic peculiarities to excess. See
citation under Mannerism.

MANNERLINESS
Man"ner*li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being mannerly; civility; complaisance.
Sir M. Hale.

MANNERLY
Man"ner*ly, a.

Defn: Showing good manners; civil; respectful; complaisant.
What thou thinkest meet, and is most mannerly. Shak.

MANNERLY
Man"ner*ly, adv.

Defn: With good manners. Shak.

MANNHEIM GOLD
Mann"heim gold". Etym: [From Mannheim in Germany, where much of it
was made.]

Defn: A kind of brass made in imitation of gold. It contains eighty
per cent of copper and twenty of zinc. Ure.

MANNIDE
Man"nide, n. Etym: [Mannite + anhydride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white amorphous or crystalline substance, obtained by
dehydration of mannite, and distinct from, but convertible into,
mannitan.

MANNISH
Man"nish, a. Etym: [Man + -ish: cf. AS. mennisc, menisc.]

1. Resembling a human being in form or nature; human. Chaucer.
But yet it was a figure Most like to mannish creature. Gower.

2. Resembling, suitable to, or characteristic of, a man, manlike,
masculine. Chaucer.
A woman impudent and mannish grown. Shak.

3. Fond of men; -- said of a woman. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- Man"nish*ly,adv.
 -- Man"nish*ness, n.

MANNITAN
Man"ni*tan, n. Etym: [Mannite + anhydrite.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white amorphous or crystalline substance obtained by the
partial dehydration of mannite.

MANNITATE
Man"ni*tate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of mannitic acid.

MANNITE
Man"nite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mannite.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance of a sweet taste obtained from a
so-called manna, the dried sap of the flowering ash (Fraxinus ornus);
-- called also mannitol, and hydroxy hexane. Cf. Dulcite.
HO.CH2.(CHOH)4.CH2.OH = D-mannitol; manna sugar; cordycepic acid;
Diosmol; Mannicol; Mannidex; Osmiktrol; Osmosal.
 -- used in pharmacy as excipient and diluent for solids and liquids.
Used as a food additive for anti-caking properties, or as a
sweetener. Also used to "cut" (dilute) illegal drugs such as cocaine
or heroin. ("excipient" use)

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A sweet white efflorescence from dried fronds of kelp,
especially from those of the Laminaria saccharina, or devil's apron.

MANNITIC
Man*nit"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, resembling, or derived from, mannite.
Mannitic acid (Chem.), a white amorphous substance, intermediate
between saccharic acid and mannite, and obtained by the partial
oxidation of the latter.

MANNITOL
Man"ni*tol, n. Etym: [Mannite + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: The technical name of mannite. See Mannite.

MANNITOSE
Man"ni*tose`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A variety of sugar obtained by the partial oxidation of
mannite, and closely resembling levulose.

MANO
Ma"no, n. [Sp., lit., hand.]

Defn: The muller, or crushing and grinding stone, used in grinding
corn on a metate. [Mexico & Local U. S.]

MANOEUVRE
Ma*noeu"vre, n. & v.

Defn: See Maneuver.

MAN-OF-WAR
Man`-*of`-*war", n; pl. Men-of-war.

Defn: A government vessel employed for the purposes of war, esp. one
of large size; a ship of war. Man-of-war bird (Zoöl.), The frigate
bird; also applied to the skua gulls, and to the wandering albatross.
 -- Man-of-war hawk (Zoöl.), the frigate bird.
 -- Man-of-war's man, a sailor serving in a ship of war.
 -- Portuguese man-of-war (Zoöl.), any species of the genus Physalia.
See Physalia.

MANOGRAPH
Man"o*graph, n. [Gr.  thin, rare + -graph: cf. F. manographe.]
(Engin.)

Defn: An optical device for making an indicator diagram for high-
speed engines. It consists of a light-tight box or camera having at
one end a small convex mirror which reflects a beam of light on to
the ground glass or photographic plate at the other end. The mirror
is pivoted so that it can be moved in one direction by a small
plunger operated by an elastic metal diaphragm which closes a tube
connected with the engine cylinder. It is also moved at right angles
to this direction by a reducing motion, called a reproducer, so as to
copy accurately on a smaller scale the motion of the engine piston.
The resultant of these two movements imparts to the reflected beam of
light a motion similar to that of the pencil of the ordinary
indicator, and this can be traced on the sheet of ground glass, or
photographed.

MANOMETER
Ma*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. manomètre.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the tension or elastic force of
gases, steam, etc., constructed usually on the principle of allowing
the gas to exert its elastic force in raising a column of mercury in
an open tube, or in compressing a portion of air or other gas in a
closed tube with mercury or other liquid intervening, or in bending a
metallic or other spring so as to set in motion an index; a pressure
gauge. See Pressure, and Illust. of Air pump.

MANOMETRIC; MANOMETRICAL
Man`o*met"ric, Man`o*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. manométrique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the manometer; made by the manometer.

MANOR
Man"or, n. Etym: [OE. maner, OF. maneir habitation, village, F.
manoir manor, prop. the OF. inf. maneir to stay, remain, dwell, L.
manere, and so called because it was the permanent residence of the
lord and of his tenants. See Mansion, and cf. Remain.]

1. (Eng. Law)

Defn: The land belonging to a lord or nobleman, or so much land as a
lord or great personage kept in his own hands, for the use and
subsistence of his family.
My manors, rents, revenues, l forego. Shak.

Note: In these days, a manor rather signifies the jurisdiction and
royalty incorporeal, than the land or site, for a man may have a
manor in gross, as the law terms it, that is, the right and interest
of a court-baron, with the perquisites thereto belonging.

2. (American Law)

Defn: A tract of land occupied by tenants who pay a free-farm rent to
the proprietor, sometimes in kind, and sometimes by performing
certain stipulated services. Burrill. Manor house, or Manor seat, the
house belonging to a manor.

MANORIAL
Ma*no"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a manor. " Manorial claims." Paley.

MANOSCOPE
Man"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: Same as Manometer.

MANOSCOPY
Ma*nos"co*py, n.

Defn: The science of the determination of the density of vapors and
gases.

MANOVERY
Ma*no"ver*y, n. Etym: [See Maneuver.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: A contrivance or maneuvering to catch game illegally.

MANQUELLER
Man"quell`er, n.

Defn: A killer of men; a manslayer. [Obs.] Carew.

MANRED; MANRENT
Man"red, Man"rent`, n.

Defn: Homage or service rendered to a superior, as to a lord;
vassalage. [Obs. or Scots Law] Jamieson.

MANROPE
Man"rope`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: One of the side ropes to the gangway of a ship. Totten.

MANSARD ROOF
Man"sard roof". Etym: [So called from its inventor, François Mansard,
or Mansart, a distinguished French architect, who died in 1666.]
(Arch.)

Defn: A hipped curb roof; that is, a roof having on all sides two
slopes, the lower one being steeper than the upper one.

MANSE
Manse, n. Etym: [LL. mansa, mansus, mansum, a farm, fr. L. manere,
mansum, to stay, dwell. See Mansion, Manor.]

1. A dwelling house, generally with land attached.

2. The parsonage; a clergyman's house. [Scot.] Capital manse, the
manor house, or lord's court.

MANSERVANT
Man"serv`ant, n.

Defn: A male servant.

MANSION
Man"sion, n. Etym: [OF. mansion, F. maison, fr. L. mansio a staying,
remaining, a dwelling, habitation, fr. manere, mansum, to stay,
dwell; akin to Gr. Manse, Manor, Menagerie, Menial, Permanent.]

1. A dwelling place, -- whether a part or whole of a house or other
shelter. [Obs.]
In my Father's house are many mansions. John xiv. 2.
These poets near our princes sleep, And in one grave their mansions
keep. Den

2. The house of the lord of a manor; a manor house; hence: Any house
of considerable size or pretension.

3. (Astrol.)

Defn: A twelfth part of the heavens; a house. See 1st House, 8.
Chaucer.

4. The place in the heavens occupied each day by the moon in its
monthly revolution. [Obs.]
The eight and twenty mansions That longen to the moon. Chaucer.
Mansion house, the house in which one resides; specifically, in
London and some other cities, the official residence of the Lord
Mayor. Blackstone.

MANSION
Man"sion, v. i.

Defn: To dwell; to reside. [Obs.] Mede.

MANSIONARY
Man"sion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Resident; residentiary; as, mansionary canons.

MANSIONRY
Man"sion*ry, n.

Defn: The state of dwelling or residing; occupancy as a dwelling
place. [Obs.] Shak.

MANSLAUGHTER
Man"slaugh`ter, n.

1. The slaying of a human being; destruction of men. Milton.

2. (Law)

Defn: The unlawful killing of a man, either in negligenc

MANSLAYER
Man"slay`er, n.

Defn: One who kills a human being; one who commits manslaughter.

MANSTEALER
Man"steal`er, n.

Defn: A person who steals or kidnaps a human being or beings.

MANSTEALING
Man"steal`ing, n.

Defn: The act or business of stealing or kidnaping human beings,
especially with a view to e

MANSUETE
Man"suete, a. Etym: [L. mansuetus, p. p. of mansuescere to tame;
manus hand + suescere to accustom: cf. F. mansuet.]

Defn: Tame; gentle; kind. [Obs.] Ray.

MANSUETUDE
Man"sue*tude, n. Etym: [L. mansuetudo: cf. F.mansuétude.]

Defn: Tameness; gentleness; mildness. [Archaic]

MANSWEAR
Man"swear`, v. i.

Defn: To swear falsely. Same as Mainswear.

MANTA
Man"ta, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Coleoptera and Sea devil.

MANTCHOO
Mant*choo", a. & n.

Defn: Same as Manchu.

MANTEAU
Man`teau", n.; pl. F. Manteaux, E. Manteaus. Etym: [F. See Mantle,
n.]

1. A woman's cloak or mantle.

2. A gown worn by women. [Obs.]

MANTEL
Man"tel, n. Etym: [The same word as mantle a garment; cf. F. manteau
de cheminée. See Mantle.] (Arch.)

Defn: The finish around a fireplace, covering the chimney-breast in
front and sometimes on both sides; especially, a shelf above the
fireplace, and its supports. [Written also mantle.]

MANTELET
Man"tel*et, n. Etym: [F., dim. of manteau, OF. mantel. See Mantle.]

1.
(a) A short cloak formerly worn by knights.
(b) A short cloak or mantle worn by women.
A mantelet upon his shoulders hanging. Chaucer.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: A musket-proof shield of rope, wood, or metal, which is
sometimes used for the protection of sappers or riflemen while
attacking a fortress, or of gunners at embrasures; -- now commonly
written mantlet.

MANTELLETTA
Man`tel*let"ta, n. [It. mantelletta. See Mantelet.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A silk or woolen vestment without sleeves worn by cardinals,
bishops, abbots, and the prelates of the Roman court. It has a low
collar, is fastened in front, and reaches almost to the knees.

MANTELPIECE
Man"tel*piece`, n.

Defn: Same as Mantel.

MANTELSHELF
Man"tel*shelf`, n.

Defn: The shelf of a mantel.

MANTELTREE
Man"tel*tree`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The lintel of a fireplace when of wood, as frequently in early
houses.

MANTIC
Man"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to divination, or to the condition of one
inspired, or supposed to be inspired, by a deity; prophetic. [R.]
"Mantic fury." Trench.

MANTILLA
Man*til"la, n. Etym: [Sp. See Mantle.]

1. A lady's light cloak of cape of silk, velvet, lace, or the like.

2. A kind of veil, covering the head and falling down upon the
shoulders; -- worn in Spain, Mexico, etc.

MANTIS
Man"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of voracious orthopterous insects
of the genus Mantis, and allied genera. They are remarkable for their
slender grotesque forms, and for holding their stout anterior legs in
a manner suggesting hands folded in prayer. The common American
species is M. Carolina. Mantis shrimp. (Zoöl.) See Sguilla.

MANTISPID
Man*tis"pid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any neuropterous insect of the genus Mantispa, and allied
genera. The larvæ feed on plant lice. Also used adjectively. See
Illust. under Neuroptera.

MANTISSA
Man*tis*sa, n. Etym: [L., an addition, makeweight; of Tuscan origin.]
(Math.)

Defn: The decimal part of a logarithm, as distinguished from the
integral part, or characteristic.

MANTLE
Man"tle, n. Etym: [OE. mantel, OF. mantel, F. manteau, fr. L.
mantellum, mantelum, a cloth, napkin, cloak, mantle (cf. mantele,
mantile, towel, napkin); prob. from manus hand + the root of tela
cloth. See Manual, Textile, and cf. Mandil, Mantel, Mantilla.]

1. A loose garment to be worn over other garments; an enveloping
robe; a cloak. Hence, figuratively, a covering or concealing
envelope.
[The] children are clothed with mantles of satin. Bacon.
The green mantle of the standing pool. Shak.
Now Nature hangs her mantle green On every blooming tree. Burns.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Mantling.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) The external fold, or folds, of the soft, exterior membrane of
the body of a mollusk. It usually forms a cavity inclosing the gills.
See Illusts. of Buccinum, and Byssus.
(b) Any free, outer membrane.
(c) The back of a bird together with the folded wings.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: A mantel. See Mantel.

5. The outer wall and casing of a blast furnace, above the hearth.
Raymond.

6. (Hydraulic Engin.)

Defn: A penstock for a water wheel.

MANTLE
Man"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mantled; p. pr. & vb. n. Mantling.]

Defn: To cover or envelop, as with a mantle; to cloak; to hide; to
disguise. Shak.

MANTLE
Man"tle, v. i.

1. To unfold and spread out the wings, like a mantle; -- said of
hawks. Also used figuratively.
Ne is there hawk which mantleth on her perch. Spenser.
Or tend his sparhawk mantling in her mew. Bp. Hall.
My frail fancy fed with full delight. Doth bathe in bliss, and
mantleth most at ease. Spenser.

2. To spread out; -- said of wings.
The swan, with arched neck Between her white wings mantling proudly,
rows. Milton.

3. To spread over the surface as a covering; to overspread; as, the
scum mantled on the pool.
Though mantled in her cheek the blood. Sir W. Scott.

4. To gather, assume, or take on, a covering, as froth, scum, etc.
There is a sort of men whose visages Do cream and mantle like a
standing pond. Shak.
Nor bowl of wassail mantle warm. Tennyson.

MANTLET
Man"tlet, n.

Defn: See Mantelet.

MANTLING
Man"tling, n. (Her.)

Defn: The representation of a mantle, or the drapery behind and
around a coat of arms: -- called also lambrequin.

MANTO
Man"to, n. Etym: [It. or Sp. manto, abbrev., from L. mantelum. See
Mantle.]

Defn: See Manteau. [Obs.] Bailey.

MANTOLOGIST
Man*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is skilled in mantology; a diviner. [R.]

MANTOLOGY
Man*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The act or art of divination. [R.]

MANTRA
Man"tra, n. Etym: [Skr.]

Defn: A prayer; an invocation; a religious formula; a charm. [India]

Note: Among the Hindoos each caste and tribe has a mantra peculiar to
itself; as, the mantra of the Brahmans. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

MANTRAP
Man"trap`, n.

1. A trap for catching trespassers. [Eng.]

2. A dangerous place, as an open hatch, into which one may fall.

MANTUA
Man"tu*a, n.

1. A superior kind of rich silk formerly exported from Mantua in
Italy. [Obs.] Beck (Draper's Dict.).

2. A woman's cloak or mantle; also, a woman's gown. [Obs.]

MANTUAMAKER
Man"tu*a*mak`er, n.

Defn: One who makes dresses, cloaks, etc., for women; a dressmaker.

MANTUAN
Man"tu*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Mantua.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Mantua.

MANU
Ma"nu, n. Etym: [Skr.] (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: One of a series of progenitors of human beings, and authors of
human wisdom.

MANUAL
Man"u*al, a. Etym: [OE. manuel, F. manuel, L. manualis, fr. manus
hand; prob. akin to AS. mund hand, protection, OHG. munt, G. mündel a
ward, vormund guardian, Icel. mund hand. Cf. Emancipate, Legerdemain,
Maintain, Manage, Manner, Manur, Mound a hill.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the hand; done or made by the hand; as,
manual labor; the king's sign manual. "Manual and ocular
examination." Tatham. Manual alphabet. See Dactylology.
 -- Manual exercise (Mil.) the exercise by which soldiers are taught
the use of their muskets and other arms.
 -- Seal manual, the impression of a seal worn on the hand as a ring.
 -- Sign manual. See under Sign.

MANUAL
Man"u*al, n. Etym: [Cf. F. manuel, LL. manuale. See Manual, a.]

1. A small book, such as may be carried in the hand, or conveniently
handled; a handbook; specifically, the service book of the Roman
Catholic Church.
This manual of laws, styled the Confessor's Laws. Sir M. Hale.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A keyboard of an organ or harmonium for the fingers, as
distinguished from the pedals; a clavier, or set of keys. Moore
(Encyc. of Music).

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A prescribed exercise in the systematic handing of a weapon;
as, the manual of arms; the manual of the sword; the manual of the
piece (cannon, mortar, etc.).

MANUALIST
Man"u*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who works wi

MANUALLY
Man"u*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By hand.

MANUARY
Man"u*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. manuarius, fr. manus hand.]

Defn: Manual.
 -- n.

Defn: An artificer. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

MANUBIAL
Ma*nu"bi*al, a. Etym: [L. manubialis, fr. manubiae money obtained
from the sale of booty, booty.]

Defn: Belonging to spoils; taken in war. [Obs.] Bailey.

MANUBRIAL
Ma*nu"bri*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a manubrium; shaped like a manubrium;
handlelike.

MANUBRIUM
Ma*nu"bri*um, n.; pl. L. Manubria, E. Manubriums. Etym: [L., handle,
fr. manus hand.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A handlelike process or part; esp., the anterior segment of the
sternum, or presternum, and the handlelike process of the malleus.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The proboscis of a jellyfish; -- called also hypostoma. See
Illust. of Hydromedusa.

MANUCODE
Man"u*code, n. Etym: [Javanese manukdewata the bird of the gods: cf.
F. manucode.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird of the genus Manucodia, of Australia and New Guinea.
They are related to the bird of paradise.

MANUDUCENT
Man`u*du"cent, n.

Defn: One who leads by the hand; a manuductor. [Obs.]

MANUDUCTION
Man`u*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. manus hand + ductio a leading, ducere to
lead: cf. F. manuduction.]

Defn: Guidance by the hand. [Obs.] Glanvill. South.

MANUDUCTOR
Man`u*duc"tor, n. Etym: [L. manus the hand + ductor a leader, ducere
to lead: cf. F. manuducteur.] (Mus.)

Defn: A conductor; an officer in the ancient church who gave the
signal for the choir to sing, and who beat time with the hand, and
regulated the music. Moore (Encyc. of Music.)

MANUFACTORY
Man`u*fac"to*ry, n.; pl. -ries. Etym: [Cf. L. factorium an oil press,
prop., place where something is made. See Manufacture.]

1. Manufacture. [Obs.]

2. A building or place where anything is manufactured; a factory.

MANUFACTORY
Man`u*fac"to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to manufacturing.

MANUFACTURAL
Man`u*fac"tur*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to manufactures. [R.]

MANUFACTURE
Man`u*fac"ture, n. Etym: [L. manus the hand + factura a making, fr.
facere to make: cf. F. manufacture. See Manual, and Fact.]

1. The operation of making wares or any products by hand, by
machinery, or by other agency.

2. Anything made from raw materials by the hand, by machinery, or by
art, as cloths, iron utensils, shoes, machinery, saddlery, etc.

MANUFACTURE
Man`u*fac"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Manufactured; p. pr. & vb. n.
Manufacturing.] Etym: [Cf. F. manufacturer.]

1. To make (wares or other products) by hand, by machinery, or by
other agency; as, to manufacture cloth, nails, glass, etc.

2. To work, as raw or partly wrought materials, into suitable forms
for use; as, to manufacture wool, cotton, silk, or iron.

MANUFACTURE
Man`u*fac"ture, v. i.

Defn: To be employed in manufacturing something.

MANUFACTURER
Man`u*fac"tur*er, n.

Defn: One who manufactures.

MANUFACTURING
Man`u*fac"tur*ing, a.

1. Employed, or chiefly employed, in manufacture; as, a manufacturing
community; a manufacturing town.

2. Pertaining to manufacture; as, manufacturing projects.

MANUL
Ma"nul, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wild cat (Felis manul), having long, soft, light-colored fur.
It is found in the mountains of Central Asia, and dwells among rocks.

MANUMISE
Man"u*mise`, v. t. Etym: [See Manumit.]

Defn: To manumit. [Obs.] Dryden.

MANUMISSION
Man`u*mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. manumissio: cf. F. manumission. See
Manumit.]

Defn: The act of manumitting, or of liberating a slave from bondage.
"Given to slaves at their manumission." Arbuthnot.

MANUMIT
Man`u*mit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Manumitted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Manumitting.] Etym: [L. manumittere, manumissum; manus the hand +
mittere to send, to send off. See Manual, and Missile.]

Defn: To release from slavery; to liberate from personal bondage or
servitude; to free, as a slave. "Manumitted slaves." Hume.

MANUMOTIVE
Man"u*mo`tive, a. Etym: [L. manus the hand + E. motive.]

Defn: Movable by hand. [R.]

MANUMOTOR
Man"u*mo`tor, n. Etym: [L. manus the hand + E. motor.]

Defn: A small wheel carriage, so constructed that a person sitting in
it may move it.

MANURABLE
Ma*nur"a*ble (, a.

1. Capable of cultivation. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

2. Capable of receiving a fertilizing substance.

MANURAGE
Ma*nur"age, n.

Defn: Cultivation. [Obs.] Warner.

MANURANCE
Ma*nur"ance, n.

Defn: Cultivation. [Obs.] Spenser.

MANURE
Ma*nure", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Manured; p. pr. & vb. n. Manuring.]
Etym: [Contr, from OF. manuvrer, manovrer, to work with the hand, to
cultivate by manual labor, F. man. See Manual, Ure, Opera, and cf.
Inure.]

1. To cultivate by manual labor; to till; hence, to develop by
culture. [Obs.]
To whom we gave the strand for to manure. Surrey.
Manure thyself then; to thyself be improved; And with vain, outward
things be no more moved. Donne.

2. To apply manure to; to enrich, as land, by the application of a
fertilizing substance.
The blood of English shall manure the ground. Shak.

MANURE
Ma*nure", n.

Defn: Any matter which makes land productive; a fertilizing
substance, as the contents of stables and barnyards, dung, decaying
animal or vegetable substances, etc. Dryden.

MANUREMENT
Ma*nure"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. manouvrement.]

Defn: Cultivation. [Obs.] W. Wotton.

MANURER
Ma*nur"er, n.

Defn: One who manures land.

MANURIAL
Ma*nu"ri*al, a.

Defn: Relating to manures.

MANURING
Ma*nur"ing, n.

Defn: The act of process of applying manure; also, the manure
applied.

MANUS
Ma"nus, n.; pl. Manus. Etym: [L., the hand.] (Anat.)

Defn: The distal segment of the fore limb, including the carpus and
fore foot or hand.

MANUSCRIPT
Man"u*script, a. Etym: [L. manu scriptus. See Manual, and Scribe.]

Defn: Written with or by the hand; not printed; as, a manuscript
volume.

MANUSCRIPT
Man"u*script, n. Etym: [LL. manuscriptum, lit., something written
with the hand. See Manuscript, a.]

1. A literary or musical composition written with the hand, as
distinguished from a printed copy.

2. Writing, as opposed to print; as, the book exists only in
manuscript. Craik.

Note: The word is often abbreviated to MS., plural MSS.

MANUSCRIPTAL
Man"u*script`al, a.

Defn: Manuscript. [Obs.]

MANUTENENCY
Man`u*ten"en*cy, n. Etym: [L. manus hand + tenere to hold.]

Defn: Maintenance. [Obs.] Abp. Sancroft.

MANWAY
Man"way`, n.

Defn: A small passageway, as in a mine, that a man may pass through.
Raymond.

MANX
Manx, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Isle of Man, or its inhabitants; as,
the Manx language. Manx cat (Zoöl.), a breed of domestic cats having
a rudimentary tail, containing only about three vertebrae.
 -- Manx shearwater (Zoöl.), an oceanic bird (Puffinus anglorum, or
P. puffinus), called also Manx petrel, Manx puffin. It was formerly
abundant in the Isle of Man.

MANX
Manx, n.

Defn: The language of the inhabitants of the Isle of Man, a dialect
of the Celtic.

MANY
Ma"ny, n. Etym: [See Meine, Mansion.]

Defn: A retinue of servants; a household. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MANY
Ma"ny, a. or pron.

Note: [It has no variation to express degrees of comparison; more and
most, which are used for the comparative and superlative degrees, are
from a different root.] Etym: [OE. mani, moni, AS. manig, mænig,
monig; akin to D. menig, OS. & OHG. manag, G. manch, Dan. mange, Sw.
månge, Goth. manags, OSlav. mnog', Russ. mnogii; cf. Icel. margr,
Prov. E. mort. sq. root103.]

Defn: Consisting of a great number; numerous; not few.
Thou shalt be a father of many nations. Gen. xvii. 4.
Not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble,
are called. 1 Cor. i. 26.

Note: Many is freely prefixed to participles, forming compounds which
need no special explanation; as, many-angled, many-celled, many-eyed,
many-footed, many-handed, many-leaved, many-lettered, many-named,
many-peopled, many-petaled, many-seeded, many-syllabled
(polysyllabic), many-tongued, many-voiced, many-wived, and the like.
Comparison is often expressed by many with as or so. "As many as were
willing hearted . . . brought bracelets." Exod. xxxv. 22. "So many
laws argue so many sins." Milton. Many stands with a singular
substantive with a or an. Many a, a large number taken
distributively; each one of many. "For thy sake have I shed many a
tear." Shak. "Full many a gem of purest ray serene." Gray.
 -- Many one, many a one; many persons. BK. of Com. Prayer.
 -- The many, the majority; -- opposed to the few. See Many, n.
 -- Too many, too numerous; hence, too powerful; as, they are too
many for us. L'Estrange.

Syn.
 -- Numerous; multiplied; frequent; manifold; various; divers;
sundry.

MANY
Ma"ny, n. Etym: [AS. menigeo, menigo, menio, multitude; akin to G.
menge, OHG. managi, menigi, Goth. managei. See Many, a.]

1. The populace; the common people; the majority of people, or of a
community.
After him the rascal many ran. Spenser.

2. A large or considerable number.
A many of our bodies shall no doubt Find native graves. Shak.
Seeing a great many in rich gowns. Addison.
It will be concluded by manythat he lived like an honest man.
Fielding.

Note: In this sense, many is connected immediately with another
substantive (without of) to show of what the many consists; as, a
good many [of] people think so.
He is liable to a great many inconveniences. Tillotson.

MANY-MINDED
Ma"ny-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having many faculties; versatile; many-sided.

MANYPLIES
Ma"ny*plies, n. Etym: [Many, adj. + plies, pl. of ply a fold.]
(Anat.)

Defn: The third division, or that between the reticulum, or honeycomb
stomach, and the abomasum, or rennet stomach, in the stomach of
ruminants; the omasum; the psalterium. So called from the numerous
folds in its mucous membrane. See Illust of Ruminant.

MANY-SIDED
Ma"ny-sid`ed, a.

1. Having many sides; -- said of figures. Hence, presenting many
questions or subjects for consideration; as, a many-sided topic.

2. Interested in, and having an aptitude for, many unlike pursuits or
objects of attention; versatile.
 -- Ma"ny-sid`ed*ness, n.

MANYWAYS; MANYWISE
Ma"ny*ways`, Ma"ny*wise`, adv.

Defn: In many different ways; variously.

MANZANILLA
Man`za*nil"la, n. (Olive Trade)

Defn: A kind of small roundish olive with a small freestone pit, a
fine skin, and a peculiar bitterish flavor. Manzanillas are commonly
pitted and stuffed with Spanish pimientos.

MANZANITA
Man`za*ni"ta, n. Etym: [Sp., dim. of munzana an apple.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several species of Arctostaphylos, but mostly
to A. glauca and A. pungens, shrubs of California, Oregon, etc., with
reddish smooth bark, ovate or oval coriaceous evergreen leaves, and
bearing clusters of red berries, which are said to be a favorite food
of the grizzly bear.

MAORI
Ma"o*ri, n.; pl. Maoris (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of the aboriginal inhabitants of New Zealand; also, the
original language of New Zealand.
 -- a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Maoris or to their language.

MAP
Map, n. Etym: [From F. mappe, in mappemonde map of the world, fr. L.
mappa napkin, signal cloth; -- a Punic word. Cf. Apron, Napkin,
Nappe.]

1. A representation of the surface of the earth, or of some portion
of it, showing the relative position of the parts represented; --
usually on a flat surface. Also, such a representation of the
celestial sphere, or of some part of it.

Note: There are five principal kinds of projection used in making
maps: the orthographic, the stereographic, the globuar, the conical,
and the cylindrical, or Mercator's projection. See Projection.

2. Anything which represents graphically a succession of events,
states, or acts; as, an historical map.
Thus is his cheek the map of days outworn. Shak.
Map lichen (Bot.), a lichen (Lecidea geographica.) growing on stones
in curious maplike figures. Dr. Prior.

MAP
Map, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Mapping.]

Defn: To represent by a map; -- often with out; as, to survey and
map, or map out, a county. Hence, figuratively: To represent or
indicate systematically and clearly; to sketch; to plan; as, to map,
or map out, a journey; to map out business.
I am near to the place where they should meet, if Pisanio have mapped
it truly. Shak.

MAPACH
Ma*pach", n. Etym: [Mexican.]

Defn: The raccoon.

MAPLE
Ma"ple, n. Etym: [AS. mapolder, mapulder, mapol; akin to Icel.
möpurr; cf. OHG. mazzaltra, mazzoltra, G. massholder.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tree of the genus Acer, including about fifty species. A.
saccharinum is the rock maple, or sugar maple, from the sap of which
sugar is made, in the United States, in great quantities, by
evaporation; the red or swamp maple is A. rubrum; the silver maple,
A. dasycarpum, having fruit wooly when young; the striped maple, A.
Pennsylvanium, called also moosewood. The common maple of Europe is
A. campestre, the sycamore maple is A. Pseudo-platanus, and the
Norway maple is A. platanoides.

Note: Maple is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a
compound; as, maple tree, maple leaf, etc. Bird's-eye maple, Curled
maple, varieties of the wood of the rock maple, in which a beautiful
lustrous grain is produced by the sinuous course of the fibers.
 -- Maple honey, Maple molasses, or Maple sirup, maple sap boiled to
the consistency of molasses.
 -- Maple sugar, sugar obtained from the sap of the sugar maple by
evaporation.

MAPLIKE
Map"like`, a.

Defn: Having or consisting of lines resembling a map; as, the maplike
figures in which certain lichens grow.

MAPPERY
Map"per*y, n. Etym: [From Map.]

Defn: The making, or study, of maps. [Obs.] Shak.

MAQUI
Ma"qui, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A Chilian shrub (Aristotelia Maqui). Its bark furnishes strings
for musical instruments, and a medicinal wine is made from its
berries.

MAR
Mar, n.

Defn: A small lake. See Mere. [Prov. Eng.]

MAR
Mar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Marred (märd); p. pr. & vb. n. Marring.]
Etym: [OE. marren, merren, AS. merran, myrran (in comp.), to
obstruct, impede, dissipate; akin to OS. merrian, OHG. marrjan,
merran; cf. D. marren, meeren, to moor a ship, Icel. merja to bruise,
crush, and Goth. marzjan to offend. Cf. Moor, v.]

1. To make defective; to do injury to, esp. by cutting off or
defacing a part; to impair; to disfigure; to deface.
I pray you mar no more trees with wiring love songs in their barks.
Shak.
But mirth is marred, and the good cheer is lost. Dryden.
Ire, envy, and despair Which marred all his borrowed visage. Milton.

2. To spoil; to ruin. "It makes us, or it mars us." "Striving to
mend, to mar the subject." Shak.

MAR
Mar, n.

Defn: A mark or blemish made by bruising, scratching, or the like; a
disfigurement.

MARA
Ma"ra, n. Etym: [Skr. mara.] (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: The principal or ruling evil spirit. E. Arnold.

MARA
Ma"ra, n. Etym: [Icel. mara nightmare, an ogress. See Nightmare.]
(Norse Myth.)

Defn: A female demon who torments people in sleep by crouching on
their chests or stomachs, or by causing terrifying visions.

MARA
Ma"ra, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Patagonian cavy (Dolichotis Patagonicus.)

MARABOU
Mar`a*bou", n. Etym: [F.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large stork of the genus Leptoptilos (formerly Ciconia), esp.
the African species (L. crumenifer), which furnishes plumes worn as
ornaments. The Asiatic species (L. dubius, or L. argala) is the
adjutant. See Adjutant. [Written also marabu.]

2. One having five eighths negro blood; the offspring of a mulatto
and a griffe. [Louisiana] Bartlett.

MARABOUT
Marabout", n. Etym: [F., from Pg. marabuto, Ar. morabit. Cf.
Maravedi.]

Defn: A Mohammedan saint; especially, one who claims to work cures
supernaturally.

MARACAN
Mar"a*can, n. Etym: [Braz. maracaná.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A macaw.

MARAI
Ma*rai", n.

Defn: A sacred inclosure or temple; -- so called by the islanders of
the Pacific Ocean.

MARANATHA
Mar`a*nath"a, n. Etym: [Aramaic maran atha.]

Defn: "Our Lord cometh;" -- an expression used by St. Paul at the
conclusion of his first Epistle to the Corinthians (xvi. 22). This
word has been used in anathematizing persons for great crimes; as
much as to say, "May the Lord come quickly to take vengeance of thy
crimes." See Anathema maranatha, under Anathema.

MARANTA
Ma*ran"ta, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of endogenous plants found in tropical America, and
some species also in India. They have tuberous roots containing a
large amount of starch, and from one species (Maranta arundinacea)
arrowroot is obtained. Many kinds are cultivated for ornament.

MARASCHINO
Ma`ra*schi"no, n. Etym: [It., fr. marasca, amarasca, a sour cherry,
L. amarus bitter.]

Defn: A liqueur distilled from fermented cherry juice, and flavored
with the pit of a variety of cherry which grows in Dalmatia.

MARASMUS
Ma*ras"mus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A wasting of flesh without fever or apparent disease; a kind of
consumption; atrophy; phthisis.
Pining atrophy, Marasmus, and wide-wasting pestilence. Milton.
Marasmus senilis Etym: [L.], progressive atrophy of the aged.

MARATHI; MAHRATTA
Ma*ra"thi, Mah*rat"ta, n.

Defn: A Sanskritic language of western India, prob. descended from
the Maharastri Prakrit, spoken by the Marathas and neighboring
peoples. It has an abundant literature dating from the 13th century.
It has a book alphabet nearly the same as Devanagari and a cursive
script translation between the Devanagari and the Gujarati.

MARAUD
Ma*raud", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Marauded; p. pr. & vb. n. Marauding.]
Etym: [F. marauder, fr. maraud vagabond, OF. marault; of uncertain
origin, perh. for malault, fr. (assumed) LL. malaldus; fr. L. malus
bad, ill + a suffix of German origin (cf. Herald). Cf. Malice.]

Defn: To rove in quest of plunder; to make an excursion for booty; to
plunder. "Marauding hosts." Milman.

MARAUD
Ma*raud", n.

Defn: An excursion for plundering.

MARAUDER
Ma*raud`er, n. Etym: [From Maraud, v.: cf. F. maraudeur.]

Defn: A rover in quest of booty or plunder; a plunderer; one who
pillages. De Quincey.

MARAVEDI
Mar`a*ve"di, n. Etym: [Sp. maravedí; -- so called from the Morabitin
(lit., the steadfast), an Arabian dynasty which reigned in Africa and
Spain. Cf. Marabout.] (Numis.)

Defn: A small copper coin of Spain, equal to three mils American
money, less than a farthing sterling. Also, an ancient Spanish gold
coin.

MARBLE
Mar"ble, n. Etym: [OE. marbel, marbre, F. marbre, L. marmor, fr. Gr.
Marmoreal.]

1. A massive, compact limestone; a variety of calcite, capable of
being polished and used for architectural and ornamental purposes.
The color varies from white to black, being sometimes yellow, red,
and green, and frequently beautifully veined or clouded. The name is
also given to other rocks of like use and appearance, as serpentine
or verd antique marble, and less properly to polished porphyry,
granite, etc.

Note: Breccia marble consists of limestone fragments cemented
together.
 -- Ruin marble, when polished, shows forms resembling ruins, due to
disseminated iron oxide.
 -- Shell marble contains fossil shells.
 -- Statuary marble is a pure, white, fine-grained kind, including
Parian (from Paros) and Carrara marble. If coarsely granular it is
called saccharoidal.

2. A thing made of, or resembling, marble, as a work of art, or
record, in marble; or, in the plural, a collection of such works; as,
the Arundel or Arundelian marbles; the Elgin marbles.

3. A little ball of marble, or of some other hard substance, used as
a plaything by children; or, in the plural, a child's game played
with marbles.

Note: Marble is also much used in self-explaining compounds; when
used figuratively in compounds it commonly means, hard, cold,
destitute of compassion or feeling; as, marble-breasted, marble-
faced, marble-hearted.

MARBLE
Mar"ble, a.

1. Made of, or resembling, marble; as, a marble mantel; marble paper.

2. Cold; hard; unfeeling; as, a marble breast or heart.

MARBLE
Mar"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Marbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Marbling.]
Etym: [Cf. F. marbrer. See Marble, n.]

Defn: To stain or vein like marble; to variegate in color; as, to
marble the edges of a book, or the surface of paper.

MARBLED
Mar"bled, a.

1. Made of, or faced with, marble. [Obs.] "The marbled mansion."
Shak.

2. Made to resemble marble; veined or spotted like marble. "Marbled
paper." Boyle.

3. (zoöl.)

Defn: Varied with irregular markings, or witch a confused blending of
irregular spots and streaks.

MARBLE-EDGED
Mar"ble-edged`, a.

Defn: Having the edge veined or spotted with different colors like
marble, as a book.

MARBLEIZE
Mar"ble*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Marbleized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Marbleizing.]

Defn: To stain or grain in imitation of marble; to cover with a
surface resembling marble; as, to marbleize slate, wood, or iron.

MARBLER
Mar"bler (, n.

1. One who works upon marble or other stone. [R.] Fuller.

2. One who colors or stains in imitation of marble.

MARBLING
Mar"bling, n.

1. The art or practice of variegating in color, in imitation of
marble.

2. An intermixture of fat and lean in meat, giving it a marbled
appearance.

3. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Distinct markings resembling the variegations of marble, as on
birds and insects.

MARBLY
Mar"bly, a.

Defn: Containing, or resembling, marble.

MARBRINUS
Mar*bri"nus, n. Etym: [LL., fr. OF. & F. marble marble. See Marble.]

Defn: A cloth woven so as to imitate the appearance of marble; --
much used in the 15th and 16th centuries. Beck (Draper's Dict.).

MARC
Marc, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The refuse matter which remains after the pressure of fruit,
particularly of grapes.

MARC
Marc, n. Etym: [AS. marc; akin to G. mark, Icel. mörk, perh. akin to
E. mark a sign. 106, 273.] [Written also mark.]

1. A weight of various commodities, esp. of gold and silver, used in
different European countries. In France and Holland it was equal to
eight ounces.

2. A coin formerly current in England and Scotland, equal to thirteen
shillings and four pence.

3. A German coin and money of account. See Mark.

MARCANTANT
Mar"can*tant, n. Etym: [It. mercatante. See Merchant.]

Defn: A merchant. [Obs.] Shak.

MARCASITE
Mar"ca*site, n. Etym: [F. marcassite; cf. It. marcassita, Sp.
marquesita, Pg. marquezita; all fr. Ar. marqashitha.] (Min.)

Defn: A sulphide of iron resembling pyrite or common iron pyrites in
composition, but differing in form; white iron pyrites. Golden
marcasite, tin. [Obs.]

MARCASITIC; MARCASITICAL
Mar`ca*sit"ic, Mar`ca*sit"ic*al, a.

Defn: Containing, or having the nature of, marcasite.

MARCASSIN
Mar*cas"sin, n. Etym: [F.] (Her.)

Defn: A young wild boar.

MARCATO
Mar*ca"to, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: In a marked emphatic manner; -- used adverbially as a
direction.

MARCELINE
Mar"cel*ine, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. marcidus withered, fr. marcere to
wither, shrivel.]

Defn: A thin silk fabric used for linings, etc., in ladies' dresses.

MARCESCENT
Mar*ces"cent, a. Etym: [L. marcescens, p. pr. of marcescere to
wither, decay, fr. marcere to wither, droop: cf. F. marcescent.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Withering without

MARCESCIBLE
Mar*ces"ci*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. marcescible.]

Defn: Li

MARCH
March, n. Etym: [L. Martius mensis Mars'month fr. Martius belonging
to Mars, the god of war: cf. F. mars. Cf. Martial.]

Defn: The third month of the year, containing thirty-one days.
The stormy March is come at last, With wind, and cloud, and changing
skies. Bryant.
As mad as a March Hare, an old English Saying derived from the fact
that March is the rutting time of hares, when they are excitable and
violent. Wright.

MARCH
March, n. Etym: [OE. marche, F. marche; of German origin; cf. OHG.
marcha, G. mark, akin to OS. marka, AS. mearc, Goth. marka, L. margo
edge, border, margin, and possibly to E. mark a sign. Margin,
Margrave, Marque, Marquis.]

Defn: A territorial border or frontier; a region adjacent to a
boundary line; a confine; -- used chiefly in the plural, and in
English history applied especially to the border land on the
frontiers between England and Scotland, and England and Wales.
Geneva is situated in the marches of several dominions -- France,
Savoy, and Switzerland. Fuller.
Lords of waste marches, kings of desolate isles. Tennyson.

MARCH
March, v. i. Etym: [Cf. OF. marchir. See 2d March.]

Defn: To border; to be contiguous; to lie side by side. [Obs.]
That was in a strange land Which marcheth upon Chimerie. Gower.
To march with, to have the same boundary for a greater or less
distance; -- said of an estate.

MARCH
March, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Marched; p. pr. & vb. n. Marching.] Etym:
[F. marcher, in OF. also, to tread, prob. fr. L. marcus hammer. Cf.
Mortar.]

1. To move with regular steps, as a soldier; to walk in a grave,
deliberate, or stately manner; to advance steadily. Shak.

2. To proceed by walking in a body or in military order; as, the
German army marched into France.

MARCH
March, v. t.

Defn: TO cause to move with regular steps in the manner of a soldier;
to cause to move in military array, or in a body, as troops; to cause
to advance in a steady, regular, or stately manner; to cause to go by
peremptory command, or by force.
March them again in fair array. Prior.

MARCH
March, n. Etym: [F. marche.]

1. The act of marching; a movement of soldiers from one stopping
place to another; military progress; advance of troops.
These troops came to the army harassed with a long and wearisome
march. Bacon.

2. Hence: Measured and regular advance or movement, like that of
soldiers moving in order; stately or deliberate walk; steady onward
movement.
With solemn march Goes slow and stately by them. Shak.
This happens merely because men will not bide their time, but will
insist on precipitating the march of affairs. Buckle.

3. The distance passed over in marching; as, an hour's march; a march
of twenty miles.

4. A piece of music designed or fitted to accompany and guide the
movement of troops; a piece of music in the march form.
The drums presently striking up a march. Knolles.
To make a march, (Card Playing), to take all the tricks of a hand, in
the game of euchre.

MARCHER
March"er, n.

Defn: One who marches.

MARCHER
March"er, n. Etym: [See 2d March.]

Defn: The lord or officer who defended the marches or borders of a
territory.

MARCHET; MERCHET
Mar"chet, Mer"chet, n. Etym: [LL. marcheta; of uncertain origin.]

Defn: In old English and in Scots law, a fine paid to the lord of the
soil by a tenant upon the marriage of one the tenant's daughters.

MARCHING
March"ing, a. & n.

Defn: ,fr. March, v. Marching money (Mil.), the additional pay of
officer or soldier when his regiment is marching.
 -- In marching order (Mil.), equipped for a march.
 -- Marching regiment. (Mil.) (a) A regiment in active service. (b)
In England, a regiment liable to be ordered into other quarters, at
home or abroad; a regiment of the line.

MARCHIONESS
Mar"chio*ness, n. Etym: [LL. marchionissa, fr. marchio a marquis. See
Marquis.]

Defn: The wife or the widow of a marquis; a woman who has the rank
and dignity of a marquis. Spelman.

MARCH-MAD
March"-mad`, a.

Defn: Extremely rash; foolhardy. See under March, the month. Sir W.
Scott.

MARCHMAN
March"man, n.

Defn: A person living in the marches between England and Scotland or
Wales.

MARCHPANE
March"pane`, n. Etym: [Cf. It. marzapane,Sp. pan,. massepain, prob.
fr. L. maza frumenty (Gr. ma^za) + L. panis bread; but perh. the
first part of the word is from the name of the inventor.]

Defn: A kind of sweet bread or biscuit; a cake of pounded almonds and
sugar. [Obs.]marzipan Shak.

MARCH-WARD
March"-ward`, n.

Defn: A warden of the marches; a marcher.

MARCIAN
Mar"cian, a.

Defn: Under the influence of Mars; courageous; bold. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MARCID
Mar"cid, a. Etym: [L. marcidus, fr. marcere to wither, pine.]

1. Pining; lean; withered. Dryden.

2. Characterized by emaciation, as a fever. Harvey.

MARCIDITY
Mar"cid"ity, n. Etym: [LL. marciditas.]

Defn: The state or quality of being withered or lean. [R.]

MARCIONITE
Mar"cion*ite, n. (Eccl. Hist)

Defn: A follower of Marcion, a Gnostic of the second century, who
adopted the Oriental notion of the two conflicting principles, and
imagined that between them there existed a third power, neither
wholly good nor evil, the Creator of the world and of man, and the
God of the Jewish dispensation. Brande & C.

MARCOBRUNNER
Mar`co*brun"ner, n. Etym: [G. Marcobrunner.]

Defn: A celebrated Rhine wine.

MARCONI
Mar*co"ni, a. [After Guglielmo Marconi (b. 1874), Italian inventor.]

Defn: Designating, or pert. to, Marconi's system of wireless
telegraphy; as, Marconi aërial, coherer, station, system, etc.

MARCONIGRAM
Mar*co"ni*gram, n.  [Marconi + -gram.]

Defn: A Marconi wireless message.

MARCONIGRAPH
Mar*co"ni*graph, n.  [Marconi + -graph.]

Defn: The apparatus used in Marconi wireless telegraphy.

MARCONI'S LAW
Mar*co"ni's law. (Wireless Teleg.)

Defn: The law that the maximum good signaling distance varies
directly as the square of the height of the transmitting antenna.

MARCONISM
Mar*co"nism, n.

Defn: The theory or practice of Marconi's wireless telegraph system.

MARCONI SYSTEM
Mar*co"ni system. (Elec.)

Defn: A system or wireless telegraphy developed by G. Marconi, an
Italian physicist, in which Hertzian waves are used in transmission
and a coherer is used as the receiving instrument.

MARCOR
Mar"cor, n. Etym: [L., fr. marcere to wither.]

Defn: A wasting away of flesh; decay. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

MARCOSIAN
Mar*co"sian, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a Gnostic sect of the second century, so called from
Marcus, an Egyptian, who was reputed to be a margician.

MARDI GRAS
Mar"di` gras", n. Etym: [F., literally, fat Tuesday.]

Defn: The last day of Carnival; Shrove Tuesday; -- in some cities a
great day of carnival and merrymaking.

MARE
Mare, n. Etym: [OE. mere, AS. mere, myre, fem of AS. mearh horse,
akin to D. merrie mare, G. mähre, OHG. marah horse, meriha mare,
Icel. marr horse, OCelt. marka (Pausan. 19, 19,4), Ir. marc, W.
march. Cf. Marshal.]

Defn: The female of the horse and other equine quadrupeds.

MARE
Mare, n. Etym: [AS. mara incubus; akin to OHG. & Icel. mara; cf. Pol.
mora, Bohem. m.] (Med.)

Defn: Sighing, suffocative panting, intercepted utterance, with a
sense of pressure across the chest, occurring during sleep; the
incubus; -- obsolete, except in the compound nightmare.
I will ride thee o' nights like the mare. Shak.

MARECHAL NIEL
Mare"chal Niel". Etym: [F.]

Defn: A kind of large yellow rose. [Written also Marshal Niel.]

MARE CLAUSUM
Ma"re clau"sum. [L.] (Internat. Law)

Defn: Lit., closed sea; hence, a body of water within the separate
jurisdiction of the nation; -- opposed to open sea, the water open to
all nations and over which no single nation has special control.

MAREIS
Mar"eis, n.

Defn: A Marsh. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MARENA
Ma*re"na, n. Etym: [NL. Salmo maraena, G. maräne, moräne; -- so
called from Lake Morin, in the March of Brandenburg, in Prussia.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A European whitefish of the genus Coregonus.

MARESCHAL
Mare"schal, n. Etym: [OF. mareschal, F. maréchal. See Marshal.]

Defn: A military officer of high rank; a marshal. [Obs.]

MARE'S-NEST
Mare's"-nest`, n.

Defn: A supposed discovery which turns out to be a hoax; something
grosaly absurd.

MARE'S-TAIL
Mare's"-tail`, n.

1. A long streaky cloud, spreading out like a horse's tail, and
believed to indicate rain; a cirrus cloud. See Cloud.
Mackerel sky and mare's-tails Make tall ships carry low sails. Old
Rhyme.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: An aquatic plant of the genus Hippuris (H.vulgaris), having
narrow leaves in whorls.

MARGARATE
Mar"ga*rate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. margarate.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A compound of the so-called margaric acid with a base.

MARGARIC
Mar*gar"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. margarique. See Margarite.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, pearl; pearly. Margaric acid. (a)
(Physiol. Chem.) A fatty body, crystallizing in pearly scales, and
obtained by digesting saponified fats (soaps) with an acid. It was
formerly supposed to be an individual fatty acid, but is now known to
be simply an intimate mixture of stearic and palmitic acids. (b)
(Chem.) A white, crystalline substance, C17H34O2 of the fatty acid
series, intermediate between palmitic and stearic acids, and obtained
from the wax of certain lichens, from cetyl cyanide, and other
sources.

MARGARIN
Mar"ga*rin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. margarine. See Margarite.] (Physiol.
Chem.)

Defn: A fatty substance, extracted from animal fats and certain
vegetable oils, formerly supposed to be a definite compound of
glycerin and margaric acid, but now known to be simply a mixture or
combination of tristearin and teipalmitin.

MARGARINE
Mar"ga*rine, n. [F.]

1. Artificial butter; oleomargarine.

The word margarine shall mean all substances, whether compounds or
otherwise, prepared in imitation of butter, and whether mixed with
butter or not.
Margarine Act, 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. c. 29).

2.  Margarin.

MARGARITACEOUS
Mar`ga*ri*ta"ceous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, pearl; pearly.

MARGARITE
Mar"ga*rite, n. Etym: [L. margarita, Gr. marguerite.]

1. A pearl. [Obs.] Peacham.

2. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral related to the micas, but low in silica and yielding
brittle folia with pearly luster.

MARGARITIC
Mar`ga*rit"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. margaritique.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Margaric.

MARGARITIFEROUS
Mar`ga*ri*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. margaritifer; margarita pearl +
ferre to bear: cf. F. margaritifère.]

Defn: Producing pearls.

MARGARODITE
Mar*gar"o*dite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A hidrous potash mica related to muscovite.

MARGARONE
Mar"ga*rone, n. Etym: [Margaric + -one.] (Chem.)

Defn: The ketone of margaric acid.

MARGAROUS
Mar"ga*rous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Margaric; -- formerly designating a supposed acid. [Obs.]

MARGARYIZE; MARGARY'S FLUID
Mar"ga*ry*ize, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. -ized; p. pr. & vb. n. -izing.]
[(J. J. Lloyd) Margary, inventor of the process + -ize.]

Defn: To impregnate (wood) with a preservative solution of copper
sulphate (often called Mar"ga*ry's flu"id [-riz]).

MARGATE FISH
Mar"gate fish". (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sparoid fish (Diabasis aurolineatus) of the Gulf of Mexico,
esteemed as a food fish; -- called also red-mouth grunt.

MARGAY
Mar"gay, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American wild cat (Felis tigrina), ranging from Mexico to
Brazil. It is spotted with black. Called also long-tailed cat.

MARGE
Marge, n. Etym: [F. marge. See Margin.]

Defn: Border; margin; edge; verge. [Poetic] Tennyson.
Along the river's stony marge. Wordsworth.

MARGENT
Mar"gent, n. Etym: [OE. See Margin.]

Defn: A margin; border; brink; edge. [Obs.]
The beached margent of the sea. Shak.

MARGENT
Mar"gent, v. t.

Defn: To enter or note down upon the margin of a page; to margin.
[Obs.] Mir. for Mag.

MARGIN
Mar"gin, n. Etym: [OE. margine, margent, L. margo, ginis. Cf. March a
border, Marge.]

1. A border; edge; brink; verge; as, the margin of a river or lake.

2. Specifically: The part of a page at the edge left uncovered in
writing or printing.

3. (Com.)

Defn: The difference between the cost and the selling price of an
article.

4. Something allowed, or reserved, for that which can not be foreseen
or known with certainty.

5. (Brokerage)

Defn: Collateral security deposited with a broker to secure him from
loss on contracts entered into by him on behalf of his principial, as
in the speculative buying and selling of stocks, wheat, etc. N.
Biddle. Margin draft (Masonry), a smooth cut margin on the face of
hammer-dressed ashlar, adjacent to the joints.
 -- Margin of a course (Arch.), that part of a course, as of slates
or shingles, which is not covered by the course immediately above it.
See 2d Gauge.

Syn.
 -- Border; brink; verge; brim; rim.

MARGIN
Mar"gin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Margined; p. pr. & vb. n. Marginging.]

1. To furnish with a margin.

2. To enter in the margin of a page.

MARGINAL
Mar"gin*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. marginal.]

1. Of or pertaining to a margin.

2. Written or printed in the margin; as, a marginal note or gloss.

MARGINALIA
Mar`gi*na"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Marginal notes.

MARGINALLY
Mar"gin*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the margin of a book.

MARGINATE
Mar"gin*ate, a. Etym: [L. marginatus, p. p. of marginare to margin.
See Margin, n.]

Defn: Having a margin distinct in appearance or structure.

MARGINATE
Mar"gin*ate, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with a distinct margin; to margin. [R.] Cockeram.

MARGINATED
Mar"gin*a`ted, a.

Defn: Same as Marginate, a.

MARGINED
Mar"gined, a.

1. Having a margin. Hawthorne.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Bordered with a distinct line of color.

MARGINELLA
Mar`gi*nel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. margo, marginis, a margin.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small, polished, marine univalve shells, native of
all warm seas.

MARGINICIDAL
Mar"gin*i*ci`dal, a. Etym: [L. margo, -ginis, margin + caedere to
cut.] (Bot.)

Defn: Dehiscent by the separation of united carpels; -- said of
fruits.

MARGOSA
Mar*go"sa, n. Etym: [Pg. amargoso bitter.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large tree of genus Melia (M. Azadirachta) found in India.
Its bark is bitter, and used as a tonic. A valuable oil is expressed
from its seeds, and a tenacious gum exudes from its trunk. The M.
Azedarach is a much more showy tree, and is cultivated in the
Southern United States, where it is known as Pride of India, Pride of
China, or bead tree. Various parts of the tree are considered
anthelmintic.
The margosa oil . . . is a most valuable balsam for wounds, having a
peculiar smell which prevents the attacks of flies. Sir S. Baker.

MARGRAVATE; MARGRAVIATE
Mar"gra*vate, Mar*gra"vi*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. margraviat.]

Defn: The territory or jurisdiction of a margrave.

MARGRAVE
Mar"grave, n. Etym: [G. markgraf, prop., lord chief justice of the
march; mark bound, border, march + graf earl, count, lord chief
justice; cf. Goth. gagrëfts decree: cf. D. markgraaf, F. margrave.
See March border, and cf. Landgrave, Graff.]

1. Originally, a lord or keeper of the borders or marches in Germany.

2. The English equivalent of the German title of nobility, markgraf;
a marquis.

MARGRAVINE
Mar"gra*vine, n. Etym: [G. markgräfin: cf. F. margrafine.]

Defn: The wife of a margrave.

MARGUERITE
Mar"gue*rite, n. Etym: [F., a pearl, a daisy. See Margarite.] (Bot.)

Defn: The daisy (Bellis perennis). The name is often applied also to
the ox-eye daisy and to the China aster. Longfellow.

MARIAN
Ma"ri*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the Virgin Mary, or sometimes to Mary, Queen of
England, daughter of Henry VIII.
Of all the Marian martyrs, Mr. Philpot was the best-born gentleman.
Fuller.
Maid Marian. See Maidmarian in the Vocabulary.

MARIE
Mar"ie, interj.

Defn: Marry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MARIET
Mar"i*et, n. Etym: [F. mariette, prop. dim. of Marie Mary.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of bellflower, Companula Trachelium, once called Viola
Mariana; but it is not a violet.

MARIGENOUS
Ma*rig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. mare the sea + -genous.]

Defn: Produced in or by the sea.

MARIGOLD
Mar"i*gold, n. Etym: [Mary + gold.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name for several plants with golden yellow blossoms,
especially the Calendula officinalis (see Calendula), and the
cultivated species of Tagetes.

Note: There are several yellow-flowered plants of different genera
bearing this name; as, the African or French marigold of the genus
Tagetes, of which several species and many varieties are found in
gardens. They are mostly strong-smelling herbs from South America and
Mexico: bur marigold, of the genus Bidens; corn marigold, of the
genus Chrysanthemum (C. segetum, a pest in the cornfields of Italy);
fig marigold, of the genus Mesembryanthemum; marsh marigold, of the
genus Caltha (C. palustris), commonly known in America as the
cowslip. See Marsh Marigold. Marigold window. (Arch.) See Rose
window, under Rose.

MARIKINA
Mar`i*ki"na, n. Etym: [From the native name: cf. Pg. mariquinha.]
(Zoöl)

Defn: A small marmoset (Midas rosalia); the silky tamarin.

MARIMBA
Ma*rim"ba, n. Etym: [Pg.]

Defn: A musical istrument of percussion, consisting of bars yielding
musical tones when struck. Knight.

MARIMONDA
Mar`i*mon"da, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spider monkey (Ateles belzebuth) of Central and South
America.

MARINADE
Mar`i*nade", n. Etym: [F.: cf. It. marinato marinade, F. mariner to
preserve food for use at sea. See Marinate.] (Cookery)

Defn: A brine or pickle containing wine and spices, for enriching the
flavor of meat and fish.

MARINATE
Mar"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [See Marine, and cf. Marinade.]

Defn: To salt or pickle, as fish, and then preserve in oil or
vinegar; to prepare by the use of marinade.

MARINE
Ma*rine", a. Etym: [L. marinus, fr. mare the sea: cf. F. marin. See
Mere a pool.]

1. Of or pertaining to the sea; having to do with the ocean, or with
navigation or naval affairs; nautical; as, marine productions or
bodies; marine shells; a marine engine.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Formed by the action of the currents or waves of the sea; as,
marine deposits. Marine acid (Chem.), hydrochloric acid. [Obs.] --
Marine barometer. See under Barometer.
 -- Marine corps, a corps formed of the officers, noncommissioned
officers, privates, and musicants of marines.
 -- Marine engine (Mech.), a steam engine for propelling a vessel.
 -- Marine glue. See under Glue.
 -- Marine insurance, insurance against the perils of the sea,
including also risks of fire, piracy, and barratry.
 -- Marine interest, interest at any rate agreed on for money lent
upon respondentia and bottomry bonds.
 -- Marine law. See under Law.
 -- Marine league, three geographical miles.
 -- Marine metal, an alloy of lead, antimony, and mercury, made for
sheathing ships. Mc Elrath.
 -- Marine soap, cocoanut oil soap; -- so called because, being quite
soluble in salt water, it is much used on shipboard.
 -- Marine store, a store where old canvas, ropes, etc., are bought
and sold; a junk shop. [Eng.]

MARINE
Ma*rine", n. Etym: [F. marin a sea solider, marine naval economy, a
marine picture, fr. L. marinus. See Marine, a.]

1. A solider serving on shipboard; a sea soldier; one of a body of
troops trained to do duty in the navy.

2. The sum of naval affairs; naval economy; the department of
navigation and sea forces; the collective shipping of a country; as,
the mercantile marine.

3. A picture representing some marine subject. Tell that to the
marines, an expression of disbelief, the marines being regarded by
sailors as credulous. [Colloq.]

MARINED
Ma*rined", a. Etym: [Cf. F. mariné.] (Her.)

Defn: Having the lower part of the body like a fish. Crabb.

MARINER
Mar"i*ner, n. Etym: [F. marinier, LL. marinarius. See Marine.]

Defn: One whose occupation is to assist in navigating ships; a seaman
or sailor. Chaucer. Mariner's compass. See under Compass.

MARINERSHIP
Mar"i*ner*ship, n.

Defn: Seamanship. [Obs.] Udalt.

MARINISM
Ma*ri"nism, n.

Defn: A bombastic literary style marked by the use of metaphors and
antitheses characteristic of the Italian poet Giambattista Marini
(1569-1625). -- Ma*ri"nist (#), n.

MARINORAMA
Mar`i*no*ra"ma, n. Etym: [NL., from L. marinus marine + Gr.

Defn: A representation of a sea view.

MARIOLATER
Ma`ri*ol"a*ter, n. Etym: [See Mariolatry.]

Defn: One who worships the Virgin Mary.

MARIOLATRY
Ma`ri*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The worship of the Virgin Mary.

MARIONETTE
Mar`i*o*nette", n. Etym: [F. marionette, prop. a dim. of Marie Mary.]

1. A puppet moved by strings, as in a puppet show.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The buffel duck.

MARIOTTE'S LAW
Ma`ri*otte's law`. (Physics.)

Defn: See Boyle's law, under Law.

MARIPOSA LILY
Ma`ri*po"sa lil`y. Etym: [Sp. mariposa a butterfly + E. lily. So
called from the gay apperance of the blossoms.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of a genus (Calochortus) of tuliplike bulbous herbs with
large, and often gaycolored, blossoms. Called also butterfly lily.
Most of them are natives of California.

MARIPUT
Mar"i*put, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of civet; the zoril.

MARISH
Mar"ish, n. Etym: [Cf. F. marais, LL. marascus. See Marsh.]

Defn: Low, wet ground; a marsh; a fen; a bog; a moor. [Archaic]
Milton. Tennyson.

MARISH
Mar"ish, a.

1. Moory; fenny; boggy. [Archaic]

2. Growing in marshes. "Marish flowers." Tennyson.

MARITAL
Mar"i*tal, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. maritalis, fr. maritus belonging to
marriage, n., a husband. See Marry, v.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a husband; as, marital rights, duties,
authority. "Marital affection." Ayliffe.

MARITATED
Mar"i*ta`ted, a. Etym: [L. maritatus married.]

Defn: Having a husband; married. [Obs.]

MARITIMAL; MARITIMALE
Ma*rit"i*mal, Ma*rit"i*male, a.

Defn: See Maritime. [Obs.]

MARITIME
Mar"i*time, a. Etym: [L. maritimus, fr. mare the sea: cf. F.
maritime. See Mere a pool.]

1. Bordering on, or situated near, the ocean; connected with the sea
by site, interest, or power; having shipping and commerce or a navy;
as, maritime states. "A maritime town." Addison.

2. Of or pertaining to the ocean; marine; pertaining to navigation
and naval affairs, or to shipping and commerce by sea. "Maritime
service." Sir H. Wotton. Maritime law. See Law.
 -- Maritime loan, a loan secured by bottomry or respodentia bonds.
 -- Martime nations, nations having seaports, and using the sea more
or less for war or commerce.

MARJORAM
Mar"jo*ram, n. Etym: [OE. majoran, F. marjolaine, LL. marjoraca, fr.
L. amaracus, amaracum, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of mintlike plants (Origanum) comprising about twenty-
five species. The sweet marjoram (O. Majorana) is pecularly aromatic
and fragrant, and much used in cookery. The wild marjoram of Europe
and America is O. vulgare, far less fragrant than the other.

MARK
Mark, n.

Defn: A license of reprisals. See Marque.

MARK
Mark, n. Etym: [See 2d Marc.]

1. An old weight and coin. See Marc. "Lend me a mark." Chaucer.

2. The unit of monetary account of the German Empire, equal to 23.8
cents of United States money; the equivalent of one hundred pfennigs.
Also, a silver coin of this value.

MARK
Mark, n. Etym: [OE. marke, merke, AS. mearc; akin to D. merk, MHG.
marc, G. marke, Icel. mark, Dan. mærke; cf. Lith. margas party-
colored. sq. root106, 273. Cf. Remark.]

1. A visible sign or impression made or left upon anything; esp., a
line, point, stamp, figure, or the like, drawn or impressed, so as to
attract the attention and convey some information or intimation; a
token; a trace.
The Lord set a mark upon Cain, lest any finding him should kill him.
Gen. iv. 15.

2. Specifically:
(a) A character or device put on an article of merchandise by the
maker to show by whom it was made; a trade-mark.
(b) A character (usually a cross) made as a substitute for a
signature by one who can not write.
The mark of the artisan is found upon the most ancient fabrics that
have come to light. Knight.

3. A fixed object serving for guidance, as of a ship, a traveler, a
surveyor, etc.; as, a seamark, a landmark.

4. A trace, dot, line, imprint, or discoloration, although not
regarded as a token or sign; a scratch, scar, stain, etc.; as, this
pencil makes a fine mark.
I have some marks of yours upon my pate. Shak.

5. An evidence of presence, agency, or influence; a significative
token; a symptom; a trace; specifically, a permanent impression of
one's activity or character.
The confusion of tongues was a mark of separation. Bacon.

6. That toward which a missile is directed; a thing aimed at; what
one seeks to hit or reach.
France was a fairer mark to shoot at than Ireland. Davies.
Whate'er the motive, pleasure is the mark. Young.

7. Attention, regard, or respect.
As much in mock as mark. Shak.

8. Limit or standard of action or fact; as, to be within the mark; to
come up to the mark.

9. Badge or sign of honor, rank, or official station.
In the official marks invested, you Anon do meet the Senate. Shak.

10. Preëminence; high position; as, particians of mark; a fellow of
no mark.

11. (Logic)

Defn: A characteristic or essential attribute; a differential.

12. A number or other character used in registring; as, examination
marks; a mark for tardiness.

13. Image; likeness; hence, those formed in one's image; children;
descendants. [Obs.] "All the mark of Adam." Chaucer.

14. (Naut.)

Defn: One of the bits of leather or colored bunting which are placed
upon a sounding line at intervals of from two to five fathoms. The
unmarked fathoms are called "deeps." A man of mark, a conspicuous or
eminent man.
 -- To make one's mark. (a) To sign, as a letter or other writing, by
making a cross or other mark. (b) To make a distinct or lasting
impression on the public mind, or on affairs; to gain distinction.

Syn.
 -- Impress; impression; stamp; print; trace; vestige; track;
characteristic; evidence; proof; token; badge; indication; symptom.

MARK
Mark, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Marked; p. pr. & vb. n. Marking.] Etym:
[OE. marken, merken, AS. mearcian, from mearc. See Mark the sign.]

1. To put a mark upon; to affix a significant mark to; to make
recognizable by a mark; as, to mark a box or bale of merchandise; to
mark clothing.

2. To be a mark upon; to designate; to indicate; -- used literally
and figuratively; as, this monument marks the spot where Wolfe died;
his courage and energy marked him for a leader.

3. To leave a trace, scratch, scar, or other mark, upon, or any
evidence of action; as, a pencil marks paper; his hobnails marked the
floor.

4. To keep account of; to enumerate and register; as, to mark the
points in a game of billiards or cards.

5. To notice or observe; to give attention to; to take note of; to
remark; to heed; to regard. "Mark the perfect man." Ps. xxxvii. 37.
To mark out. (a) To designate, as by a mark; to select; as, the
ringleaders were marked out for punishment. (b) To obliterate or
cancel with a mark; as, to mark out an item in an account.
 -- To mark time (Mil.), to keep the time of a marching step by
moving the legs alternately without advancing.

Syn.
 -- To note; remark; notice; observe; regard; heed; show; evince;
indicate; point out; betoken; denote; characterize; stamp; imprint;
impress; brand.

MARK
Mark, v. i.

Defn: To take particular notice; to observe critically; to note; to
remark.
Mark, I pray you, and see how this man seeketh maschief. 1 Kings xx.
7.

MARKABLE
Mark"a*ble, a.

Defn: Remarkable. [Obs.] Sandys.

MARKED
Marked, a.

Defn: Designated or distinguished by, or as by, a mark; hence;
noticeable; conspicuous; as, a marked card; a marked coin; a marked
instance.
 -- Mark"ed*ly, adv. J. S. Mill. A marked man, a man who is noted by
a community, or by a part of it, as, for excellence or depravity; --
usually with an unfavorable suggestion.

MARKEE
Mar*kee", n.

Defn: See Marquee.

MARKER
Mark"er, n.

Defn: One who or that which marks. Specifically:
(a) One who keeps account of a game played, as of billiards.
(b) A counter used in card playing and other games.
(c) (Mil.) The soldier who forms the pilot of a wheeling column, or
marks the direction of an alignment.
(d) An attachment to a sewing machine for marking a line on the
fabric by creasing it.

MARKET
Mar"ket, n. Etym: [Akin to D. markt, OHG. markat, merkat, G. markt;
all fr.L. mercatus trade, market place, fr. mercari, p. p. mercatus,
to trade, traffic, merx, mercis, ware, merchandise, prob. akin to
merere to deserve, gain, acquire: cf. F. marché. See Merit, and cf.
Merchant, Mart.]

1. A meeting together of people, at a stated time and place, for the
purpose of traffic (as in cattle, provisions, wares, etc.) by private
purchase and sale, and not by auction; as, a market is held in the
town every week.
He is wit's peddler; and retails his wares At wakes, and wassails,
meetings, markets, fairs. Shak.
Three women and a goose make a market. Old Saying.

2. A public place (as an open space in a town) or a large building,
where a market is held; a market place or market house; esp., a place
where provisions are sold.
There is at Jerusalem by the sheep market a pool. John v. 2.

3. An opportunity for selling anything; demand, as shown by price
offered or obtainable; a town, region, or country, where the demand
exists; as, to find a market for one's wares; there is no market for
woolen cloths in that region; India is a market for English goods.
There is a third thing to be considered: how a market can be created
for produce, or how production can be limited to the capacities of
the market. J. S. Mill.

4. Exchange, or purchase and sale; traffic; as, a dull market; a slow
market.

5. The price for which a thing is sold in a market; market price.
Hence: Value; worth.
What is a man If his chief good and market of his time Be but to
sleep and feed Shak.

6. (Eng. Law)

Defn: The privelege granted to a town of having a public market.

Note: Market is often used adjectively, or in forming compounds of
obvious meaning; as, market basket, market day, market folk, market
house, marketman, market place, market price, market rate, market
wagon, market woman, and the like. Market beater, a swaggering bully;
a noisy braggart. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- Market bell, a bell rung to give notice that buying and selling
in a market may begin. [Eng.] Shak.
 -- Market cross, a cross set up where a market is held. Shak.
 -- Market garden, a garden in which vegetables are raised for
market.
 -- Market gardening, the raising of vegetables for market.
 -- Market place, an open square or place in a town where markets or
public sales are held.
 -- Market town, a town that has the privilege of a stated public
market.

MARKET
Mar"ket, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Marketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Marketing.]

Defn: To deal in a market; to buy or sell; to make bargains for
provisions or goods.

MARKET
Mar"ket, v. t.

Defn: To expose for sale in a market; to traffic in; to sell in a
market, and in an extended sense, to sell in any manner; as, most of
the farmes have marketed their crops.
Industrious merchants meet, and market there The world's collected
wealth. Southey.

MARKETABLE
Mar"ket*a*ble, a.

1. Fit to be offered for sale in a market; such as may be justly and
lawfully sold; as, dacayemarketable.

2. Current in market; as, marketable value.

3. Wanted by purchasers; salable; as, furs are not marketable in that
country.

MARKETABLENESS
Mar"ket*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being marketable.

MARKETER
Mar"ket*er, n.

Defn: One who attends a market to buy or sell; one who carries goods
to market.

MARKETING
Mar"ket*ing, n.

1. The act of selling or of purchasing in, or as in, a market.

2. Articles in, or from, a market; supplies.

MARKETSTEAD
Mar"ket*stead, n. Etym: [Market + stead a place.]

Defn: A market place. [Obs.] Drayton.

MARKHOOR
Mark"hoor`, n. Etym: [Per. mar-kh snake eater.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large wild goat (Capra megaceros), having huge flattened
spiral horns. It inhabits the mountains of Northern India and
Cashmere.

MARKING
Mark"ing, n.

Defn: The act of one who, or that which, marks; the mark or marks
made; arrangement or disposition of marks or coloring; as, the
marking of a bird's plumage. Marking ink, indelible ink, because used
in marking linen.
 -- Marking nut (Bot.), the nut of the Semecarpus Anacardium, an East
Indian tree. The shell of the nut yields a blackish resinous juice
used for marking cotton cloth, and an oil prepared from it is used
for rheumatism.

MARKIS
Mar"kis, n.

Defn: A marquis. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MARKISESSE
Mar"kis*esse, n.

Defn: A marchioness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MARKMAN
Mark"man, n.

Defn: A marksman. [Obs.] Shak.

MARKSMAN
Marks"man, n.; pl. Marksmen. Etym: [Earlier markman; mark + man.]

1. One skillful to hit a mark with a missile; one who shoots well.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who makes his mark, instead of writing his name, in signing
documents. Burrill.

MARKSMANSHIP
Marks"man*ship, n.

Defn: Skill of a marksman.

MARL
Marl, v. t. Etym: [See Marline.] (Naut.)

Defn: To cover, as part of a rope, with marline, marking a pecular
hitch at each turn to prevent unwinding. Marling spike. (Naut.) See
under Marline.

MARL
Marl, n. Etym: [OF. marle, F. marne, LL. margila, dim. of L. marga
marl. Originally a Celtic word, according to Pliny, xvii. 7: "Quod
genus terræ Galli et Britanni margam vocant." sq. root274.]

Defn: A mixed earthy substance, consisting of carbonate of lime,
clay, and sand, in very varivble proportions, and accordingly
designated as calcareous, clayey, or sandy. See Greensand.

MARL
Marl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Marled; p. pr. & vb. n. Marling.] Etym:
[Cf. F. marner. See Marl, n.]

Defn: To overspread or manure with marl; as, to marl a field.

MARLACEOUS
Mar*la"ceous, a.

Defn: Resembling marl; partaking of the qualities of marl.

MARLIN
Mar"lin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American great marbled godwit (Limosa fedoa). Applied also
to the red-breasted godwit (Limosa hæmatica). Hook-billed marlin, a
curlew.

MARLINE
Mar"line, n. Etym: [LG. marlien, marling, or D. marling, marlijn, fr.
D. marren to tie, prob. akin to E. moor, v., and lijn line: cf.F.
merlin. See Moor, v., Line.] (Naut.)

Defn: A small line composed of two strands a little twisted, used for
winding around ropes and cables, to prevent their being weakened by
fretting. Marline spike, Marling spike (Naut.), an iron tool tapering
to a point, used to separate the strands of a rope in splicing and in
marling. It has an eye in the thick end to which a lanyard is
attached. See Fid. [Written also marlin spike] -- Marline-spike bird.
Etym: [The name alludes to the long middle tail feathers.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A tropic bird. (b) A jager, or skua gull.

MARLINE
Mar"line, v. t. Etym: [F. merliner.] (Naut.)

Defn: To wind marline around; as, to marline a rope.

MARLITE
Marl"ite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. marlite. See Marl, n.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of marl.

MARLITIC
Mar*lit"ic, a.

Defn: Partaking of the qualites of marlite.

MARLPIT
Marl"pit`, n.

Defn: Apit where marl is dug.

MARLSTONE
Marl"stone`, n. (Geol.)

Defn: A sandy calcareous straum, containing, or impregnated with,
iron, and lying between the upper and lower Lias of England.

MARLY
Marl"y, a. [Compar. Marlier; superl. Marliest.]

Defn: Consisting or partaking of marl; resembling marl; abounding
with marl.

MARMALADE
Mar"ma*lade, n. Etym: [F. marmelade, Pg. marmelada, fr. marmélo a
quince, fr. L. melimelum honey apple, Gr. Mellifluous, Melon.]

Defn: A preserve or confection made of the pulp of fruit, as the
quince, pear, apple, orange, etc., boiled with sugar, and brought to
a jamlike consistence. Marmalade tree (Bot.), a sapotaceous tree
(Lucuma mammosa) of the West Indies and Tropical America. It has
large obovate leaves and an egg-shaped fruit from three to five
inches long, containing a pleasant-flavored pulp and a single large
seed. The fruit is called marmalade, or natural marmalade, from its
consistency and flavor.

MARMALET
Mar"ma*let`, n.

Defn: See Marmalade. [Obs.]

MARMATITE
Mar"ma*tite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. marmatite.] (Min.)

Defn: A ferruginous variety of shalerite or zinc blende, nearly black
in color.

MARMOLITE
Mar"mo*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A thin, laminated variety of serpentine, usually of a pale
green color.

MARMORACEOUS
Mar`mo*ra"ceous, a. Etym: [L. marmor marble. See Marble.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, marble.

MARMORATE; MARMORATED
Mar"mo*rate, Mar"mo*ra`ted, a. Etym: [L. marmoratus, p. p. of
marmorate to overlay with marble, fr. marmor marble.]

Defn: Variegated like marble; covered or overlaid with marble. [R.]

MARMORATION
Mar`mo*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. marmoratio.]

Defn: A covering or incrusting with marble; a casing of marble; a
variegating so as to resemble marble. [R.]

MARMORATUM OPUS
Mar`mo*ra`tum o"pus. Etym: [L. See Marmorate, and Opus.] (Arch.)

Defn: A kind of hard finish for plasterwork, made of plaster of Paris
and marble dust, and capable of taking a high polish.

MARMOREAL; MARMOREAN
Mar*mo"re*al, Mar*mo"re*an, a. Etym: [L. marmoreus, fr. marmor
marble: cf. F. marmoréen. See Marble.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, marble; made of marble.

MARMOROSIS
Mar`mo*ro"sis, n. Etym: [NL.] (Geol.)

Defn: The metamorphism of limestone, that is, its conversion into
marble. Geikie.

MARMOSE
Mar"mose`, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of small opossum (Didelphus murina) ranging from
Mexico to Brazil.

MARMOSET
Mar"mo*set`, n. Etym: [F. marmouset a grotesque figure, an ugly
little boy, prob. fr. LL. marmoretum, fr. L. marmor marble. Perhaps
confused with marmot. See Marble.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small South American monkeys of
the genera Hapale and Midas, family Hapalidæ. They have long soft
fur, and a hairy, nonprehensile tail. They are often kept as pets.
Called also squirrel monkey.

MARMOT
Mar"mot, n. Etym: [It. marmotta, marmotto, prob. fr. L. mus montanus,
or mus montis, lit., mountain mouse or rat. See Mountain, and Mouse.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any rodent of the genus Arctomys. The common European marmot
(A. marmotta) is about the size of a rabbit, and inhabits the higher
regions of the Alps and Pyrenees. The bobac is another European
species. The common American species (A. monax) is the woodchuck.

2. Any one of several species of ground squirrels or gophers of the
genus Spermophilus; also, the prairie dog. Marmot squirrel (Zoöl.), a
ground squirrel or spermophile.
 -- Prairie marmot. See Prairie dog.

MARMOTTES OIL
Mar"mottes oil`

Defn: . A fine oil obtained from the kernel of Prunus brigantiaca. It
is used instead of olive or almond oil. De Colange.

MARMOZET
Mar"mo*zet`, n.

Defn: See Marmoset.

MARONE
Ma*rone", n.

Defn: See Maroon, the color.

MARONITE
Mar"o*nite, n.; pl. Maronites (. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a body of nominal Christians, who speak the Arabic
language, and reside on Mount Lebanon and in different parts of
Syria. They take their name from one Maron of the 6th century.

MAROON
Ma*roon", n. [Written also marroon.] Etym: [F. marron, abbrev. fr.
Sp. cimarron wild, unruly, from cima the summit of a mountain; hence,
negro cimarron a runaway negro that lives in the mountains.]

Defn: In the West Indies and Guiana, a fugitive slave, or a free
negro, living in the mountains.

MAROON
Ma*roon", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Marooned; p. pr. & vb. n. Marooning.]
Etym: [See Maroon a fugitive slave.]

Defn: To put (a person) ashore on a desolate island or coast and
leave him to his fate. Marooning party, a social excursion party that
sojourns several days on the shore or in some retired place; a
prolonged picnic. [Southern U. S.] Bartlett.

MAROON
Ma*roon", a. Etym: [F. marron chestnut-colored, fr. marron a large
French chestnut, It. marrone; cf. LGr. Marron.]

Defn: Having the color called maroon. See 4th Maroon. Maroon lake,
lake prepared from madder, and distinguished for its transparency and
the depth and durability of its color.

MAROON
Ma*roon", n.

1. A brownish or dull red of any description, esp. of a scarlet cast
rather than approaching crimson or purple.

2. An explosive shell. See Marron, 3.

MARPLOT
Mar"plot`, n.

Defn: One who, by his officious

MARQUE
Marque, n. Etym: [F. marque, in lettre de marque letter of marque, a
commission with which the commandant of every armed vessel was
obliged to be provided, under penalty of being considered a pirate or
corsair; marque here prob. meaning, border, boundary (the letter of
marque being a permission to go beyond the border), and of German
origin. See March border.] (Law)

Defn: A license to pass the limits of a jurisdiction, or boundary of
a country, for the purpose of making reprisals. Letters of marque,
Letters of marque and reprisal, a license or extraordinary commission
granted by a government to a private person to fit out a privateer or
armed ship to cruise at sea and make prize of the enemy's ships and
merchandise. The ship so commissioned is sometimes called a letter of
marque.

MARQUEE
Mar*quee", n. Etym: [F. marquise, misunderstood as a plural; prob.
orig., tent of the marchioness. See Marquis.]

Defn: A large field tent; esp., one adapted to the use of an officer
of high rank. [Written also markee.]

MARQUESS
Mar"quess, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. marques. See Marquis.]

Defn: A marquis. Lady marquess, a marchioness. [Obs.] Shak.

MARQUETRY
Mar"quet*ry, n. Etym: [F. marqueterie, from marqueter to checker,
inlay, fr. marque mark, sign; of German origin. See Mark a sign.]

Defn: Inlaid work; work inlaid with pieces of wood, shells, ivory,
and the like, of several colors.

MARQUIS
Mar"quis, n. Etym: [F. marquis, OF. markis, marchis, LL. marchensis;
of German origin; cf. G. mark bound, border, march, OHG. marcha. See
March border, and cf. Marchioness, Marquee, Marquess.]

Defn: A nobleman in England, France, and Germany, of a rank next
below that of duke. Originally, the marquis was an officer whose duty
was to guard the marches or frontiers of the kingdom. The office has
ceased, and the name is now a mere title conferred by patent.

MARQUISATE
Mar"quis*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. marquisat.]

Defn: The seigniory, dignity, or lordship of a marquis; the territory
governed by a marquis.

MARQUISDOM
Mar"quis*dom, n.

Defn: A marquisate. [Obs.] "Nobles of the marquisdom of Saluce."
Holinshed.

MARQUISE
Mar`quise", n. Etym: [F. See Marquis, and cf. Marquee.]

Defn: The wife of a marquis; a marchioness.

MARQUISSHIP
Mar"quis*ship, n.

Defn: A marquisate.

MARRAM
Mar"ram, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A coarse grass found on sandy beaches (Ammophila arundinacea).
See Beach grass, under Beach.

MARRER
Mar"rer, n.

Defn: One who mars or injures.

MARRIABLE
Mar"ri*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. mariable.]

Defn: Marriageable. [R.] Coleridge.

MARRIAGE
Mar"riage, n. Etym: [OE. mariage, F. mariage. See Marry, v. t.]

1. The act of marrying, or the state of being married; legal union of
a man and a woman for life, as husband and wife; wedlock; matrimony.
Marriage is honorable in all. Heb. xiii. 4.

2. The marriage vow or contract. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. A feast made on the occasion of a marriage.
The kingdom of heaven is like unto a certain king which made a
marriage for his son. Matt. xxii. 2.

4. Any intimate or close union. Marriage brokage. (a) The business of
bringing about marriages. (b) The payment made or demanded for the
procurement of a marriage.
 -- Marriage favors, knots of white ribbons, or bunches of white
flowers, worn at weddings.
 -- Marriage settlement (Law), a settlement of property in view, and
in consideration, of marriage.

Syn.
 -- Matrimony; wedlock; wedding; nuptials.
 -- Marriage, Matrimony, Wedlock. Marriage is properly the act which
unites the two parties, and matrimony the state into which they
enter. Marriage is, however, often used for the state as well as the
act. Wedlock is the old Anglo-Saxon term for matrimony.

MARRIAGEABILITY
Mar`riage*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being marriageable.

MARRIAGEABLE
Mar"riage*a*ble, a.

Defn: Fit for, or capable of, marriage; of an age at which marriage
is allowable.
 -- Mar"riage*a*ble*ness, n.

MARRIED
Mar"ried, a.

1. Being in the state of matrimony; wedded; as, a married man or
woman.

2. Of or pertaining to marriage; connubial; as, the married state.

MARRIER
Mar"ri*er, n.

Defn: One who marries.

MARRON
Mar*ron", n. Etym: [See Maroon, a.]

1. A large chestnut. [Obs.] Holland.

2. A chestnut color; maroon.

3. (Pyrotechny & Mil.)

Defn: A paper or pasteboard box or shell, wound about with strong
twine, filled with an explosive, and ignited with a fuse, -- used to
make a noise like a cannon. [Written also maroon.]

MARROON
Mar*roon", n. & a.

Defn: Same as 1st Maroon.

MARROT
Mar"rot, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The razor-billed auk. See Auk.
(b) The common guillemot.
(c) The puffin. [Prov. Eng.] [Written also marrott, and morrot.]

MARROW
Mar"row, n. Etym: [OE. marou, mary, maruh, AS. mearg, mearh; akin to
OS. marg, D. merg, G. Mark, OHG. marg, marag, Icel. mergr, Sw. merg,
Dan. marv, Skr. majjan; cf. Skr. majj to sink, L. mergere. sq.
root274 Cf. Merge.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The tissue which fills the cavities of most bones; the medulla.
In the larger cavities it is commonly very fatty, but in the smaller
cavities it is much less fatty, and red or reddish in color.

2. The essence; the best part.
It takes from our achievements . . . The pith and marrow of our
attribute. Shak.

3. Etym: [OE. maru, maro; -- perh. a different word; cf. Gael. maraon
together.]

Defn: One of a pair; a match; a companion; an intimate associate.
[Scot.]
Chopping and changing I can not commend, With thief or his marrow,
for fear of ill end. Tusser.
Marrow squash (Bot.), a name given to several varieties of squash,
esp. to the Boston marrow, an ovoid fruit, pointed at both ends, and
with reddish yellow flesh, and to the vegetable marrow, a variety of
an ovoid form, and having a soft texture and fine grain resembling
marrow.
 -- Spinal marrow. (Anat.) See Spinal cord, under Spinal.

MARROW
Mar"row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Marrowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Marrowing.]

Defn: To fill with, or as with, marrow of fat; to glut.

MARROWBONE
Mar"row*bone`, n.

Defn: A bone containing marrow; pl. ludicrously, knee bones or knees;
as, to get down on one's marrowbones, i. e., to kneel.

MARROWFAT
Mar"row*fat, n.

Defn: A rich but late variety of pea.

MARROWISH
Mar"row*ish, a.

Defn: Of the nature of, or like, marrow.

MARROWLESS
Mar"row*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of marrow.

MARROWY
Mar"row*y, a.

Defn: Full of marrow; pithy.

MARRUBIUM
Mar*ru"bi*um, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of bitter aromatic plants, sometimes used in medicine;
hoarhound.

MARRY
Mar"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Married; p. pr. & vb. n. Marrying.] Etym:
[OE. marien, F. marier, L. maritare, fr. maritus husband, fr. mas,
maris, a male. See Male, and cf. Maritral.]

1. To unite in wedlock or matrimony; to perform the ceremony of
joining, as a man and a woman, for life; to constitute (a man and a
woman) husband and wife according to the laws or customs of the
place.
Tell him that he shall marry the couple himself. Gay.

2. To join according to law, (a man) to a woman as his wife, or (a
woman) to a man as her husband. See the Note to def. 4.
A woman who had been married to her twenty-fifth husband, and being
now a widow, was prohibited to marry. Evelyn.

3. To dispose of in wedlock; to give away as wife.
Mæcenas took the liberty to tell him [Augustus] that he must either
marry his daughter [Julia] to Agrippa, or take away his life. Bacon.

4. To take for husband or wife. See the Note below.

Note: We say, a man is married to or marries a woman; or, a woman is
married to or marries a man. Both of these uses are equally well
authorized; but given in marriage is said only of the woman.
They got him [the Duke of Monmouth] . . . to declare in writing, that
the last king [Charles II.] told him he was never married to his
mother. Bp. Lloyd.

5. Figuratively, to unite in the closest and most endearing relation.
Turn, O backsliding children, saith the Lord; for I am married unto
you. Jer. iii. 14.
To marry ropes. (Naut.) (a) To place two ropes along side of each
other so that they may be grasped and hauled on at the same time. (b)
To join two ropes end to end so that both will pass through a block.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.

MARRY
Mar"ry, v. i.

Defn: To enter into the conjugal or connubial state; to take a
husband or a wife.
I will, therefore, that the younger women marry. 1 Tim. v. 14.
Marrrying man, a man disposed to marry. [Colloq.]

MARRY
Mar"ry, interj.

Defn: Indeed ! in truth ! -- a term of asseveration said to have been
derived from the practice of swearing by the Virgin Mary. [Obs.]
Shak.

MARS
Mars, n. Etym: [L. Mars, gen. Martis, archaic Mavors, gen. Mavortis.]

1. (Rom. Myth.)

Defn: The god of war and husbandry.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: One of the planets of the solar system, the fourth in order
from the sun, or the next beyond the earth, having a diameter of
about 4,200 miles, a period of 687 days, and a mean distance of
141,000,000 miles. It is conspicuous for the redness of its light.

3. (Alchemy)

Defn: The metallic element iron, the symbol of which was the same as
that of the planet Mars. [Archaic] Chaucer. Mars brown, a bright,
somewhat yellowish, brown.

MARSALA
Mar*sa"la, n. Etym: [It., fr. Marsala, in Sicyly.]

Defn: A kind of wine exported from Marsala in Sicily.

MARSDENIA
Mars*de"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. From W. Marsden, an English author.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the Milkweed family, mostly woody climbers
with fragrant flowers, several species of which furnish valuable
fiber, and one species (Marsdenia tinctoria) affords indigo.

MARSEILLAIS; MARSEILLAISE
Mar`sei`llais", a. m. Mar`sei`llaise", a. f.Etym: [F.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Marseilles, in France, or to its
inhabitants. Marseillaise hymn, or The Marseillaise, the national
anthem of France, popularly so called. It was composed in 1792, by
Rouget de l'Isle, an officer then stationed at Strasburg. In Paris it
was sung for the first time by the band of men who came from
Marseilles to aid in the revolution of August 10, 1792; whence the
name.

MARSEILLAIS; MARSEILLAISE
Mar`sei`llais", n. m. Mar`sei`llaise", n. f.Etym: [F.]

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Marseilles.

MARSEILLES
Mar*seilles", n.

Defn: A general term for certain kinds of fabrics, which are formed
of two series of threads interlacing each other, thus forming double
cloth, quilted in the loom; -- so named because first made in
Marseilles, France.

MARSH
Marsh, n. Etym: [OE. mersch, AS. mersc, fr. mere lake. See Mere pool,
and cf. Marish, Morass.]

Defn: A tract of soft wet land, commonly covered partially or wholly
with water; a fen; a swamp; a morass. [Written also marish.] Marsh
asphodel (Bot.), a plant (Nartheeium ossifragum) with linear equitant
leaves, and a raceme of small white flowers; -- called also bog
asphodel.
 -- Marsh cinquefoil (Bot.), a plant (Potentilla palustris) having
purple flowers, and found growing in marshy places; marsh five-
finger.
 -- Marsh elder. (Bot.) (a) The guelder-rose or cranberry tree
(Viburnum Opulus). (b) In the United States, a composite shrub
growing in salt marshes (Iva frutescens).
 -- Marsh five-finger. (Bot.) See Marsh cinquefoil (above).
 -- Marsh gas. (Chem.) See under Gas.
 -- Marsh grass (Bot.), a genus (Spartina) of coarse grasses growing
in marshes; -- called also cord grass. The tall S. cynosuroides is
not good for hay unless cut very young. The low S. juncea is a common
component of salt hay.
 -- Marsh harrier (Zoöl.), a European hawk or harrier (Circus
æruginosus); -- called also marsh hawk, moor hawk, moor buzzard,
puttock.
 -- Marsh hawk. (Zoöl.) (a) A hawk or harrier (Circus cyaneus),
native of both America and Europe. The adults are bluish slate above,
with a white rump. Called also hen harrier, and mouse hawk. (b) The
marsh harrier.
 -- Marsh hen (Zoöl.), a rail; esp., Rallus elegans of fresh-water
marshes, and R. longirostris of salt-water marshes.
 -- Marsh mallow (Bot.), a plant of the genus Althæa ( A.
officinalis) common in marshes near the seashore, and whose root is
much used in medicine as a demulcent.
 -- Marsh marigold. (Bot.) See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Marsh pennywort (Bot.), any plant of the umbelliferous genus
Hydrocotyle; low herbs with roundish leaves, growing in wet places; -
- called also water pennywort.
 -- Marsh quail (Zoöl.), the meadow lark.
 -- Marsh rosemary (Bot.), a plant of the genus Statice (S.
Limonium), common in salt marshes. Its root is powerfully astringent,
and is sometimes used in medicine. Called also sea lavender.
 -- Marsh samphire (Bot.), a plant (Salicornia herbacea) found along
seacoasts. See Glasswort.
 -- Marsh St. John's-wort (Bot.), an American herb (Elodes Virginica)
with small opposite leaves and flesh-colored flowers.
 -- Marsh tea. (Bot.). Same as Labrador tea.
 -- Marsh trefoil. (Bot.) Same as Buckbean.
 -- Marsh wren (Zoöl.), any species of small American wrens of the
genus Cistothorus, and allied genera. They chiefly inhabit salt
marshes.

MARSHAL
Mar"shal, n. Etym: [OE. mareschal, OF. mareschal, F. maréchal, LL.
mariscalcus, from OHG. marah-scalc (G. marschall); marah horse +
scalc servant (akin to AS. scealc, Goth. skalks). F. maréchal
signifies, a marshal, and a farrier. See Mare horse, and cf.
Seneschal.]

1. Originally, an officer who had the care of horses; a groom. [Obs.]

2. An officer of high rank, charged with the arrangement of
ceremonies, the conduct of operations, or the like; as, specifically:
(a) One who goes before a prince to declare his coming and provide
entertainment; a harbinger; a pursuivant.
(b) One who regulates rank and order at a feast or any other
assembly, directs the order of procession, and the like.
(c) The chief officer of arms, whose duty it was, in ancient times,
to regulate combats in the lists. Johnson.
(d) (France) The highest military officer. In other countries of
Europe a marshal is a military officer of high rank, and called field
marshal.
(e) (Am. Law) A ministerial officer, appointed for each judicial
district of the United States, to execute the process of the courts
of the United States, and perform various duties, similar to those of
a sheriff. The name is also sometimes applied to certain police
officers of a city. Earl marshal of England, the eighth officer of
state; an honorary title, and personal, until made hereditary in the
family of the Duke of Norfolk. During a vacancy in the office of high
constable, the earl marshal has jurisdiction in the court of
chivalry. Brande & C.
 -- Earl marshal of Scotland, an officer who had command of the
cavalry under the constable. This office was held by the family of
Keith, but forfeited by rebellion in 1715.
 -- Knight marshal, or Marshal of the King's house, formerly, in
England, the marshal of the king's house, who was authorized to hear
and determine all pleas of the Crown, to punish faults committed
within the verge, etc. His court was called the Court of Marshalsea.
 -- Marshal of the Queen's Bench, formerly the title of the officer
who had the custody of the Queen's bench prison in Southwark. Mozley
& W.

MARSHAL
Mar"shal, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Marshaled or Marshalled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Marshaling or Marshalling.]

1. To dispose in order; to arrange in a suitable manner; as, to
marshal troops or an army.
And marshaling the heroes of his name As, in their order, next to
light they came. Dryden.

2. To direct, guide, or lead.
Thou marshalest me the way that I was going. Shak.

3. (Her.)

Defn: To dispose in due order, as the different quarterings on an
escutcheon, or the different crests when several belong to an
achievement.

MARSHALER
Mar"shal*er, n. Etym: [Written also marshaller.]

Defn: One who marshals.

MARSHALING
Mar"shal*ing, n. Etym: [Written also marshalling.]

1. The act of arranging in due order.

2. (Her.)

Defn: The arrangement of an escutcheon to exhibit the alliances of
the owner. Marshaling of assets (Law), the arranging or ranking of
assets in due order of administration.

MARSHALSEA
Mar"shal*sea, n. Etym: [Marshal + OE. se a seat. See See a seat.]

Defn: The court or seat of a marshal; hence, the prison in Southwark,
belonging to the marshal of the king's household. [Eng.] Court of
Marshalsea, a court formerly held before the steward and marshal of
the king's house to administer justice between the king's domestic
servants. Blackstone.

MARSHALSHIP
Mar"shal*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a marshal.

MARSHBANKER; MARSEBANKER
Marsh"bank`er, Marse"bank`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The menhaden.

MARSHINESS
Marsh"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being marshy.

MARSH MARIGOLD
Marsh mar"i*gold

Defn: . (Bot.) A perennial plant of the genus Caltha (C. palustris),
growing in wet places and bearing bright yellow flowers. In the
United States it is used as a pot herb under the name of cowslip. See
Cowslip.

MARSHY
Marsh"y, a. Etym: [E. Marsh.]

1. Resembling a marsh; wet; boggy; fenny.

2. Pertaining to, or produced in, marshes; as, a marshy weed. Dryden.

MARSIPOBRANCH
Mar"si*po*branch`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Marsipobranchia.

MARSIPOBRANCHIA
Mar"si*po*bran"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of Vertebrata, lower than fishes, characterized by
their purselike gill cavities, cartilaginous skeletons, absence of
limbs, and a suckerlike mouth destitute of jaws. It includes the
lampreys and hagfishes. See Cyclostoma, and Lamprey. Called also
Marsipobranchiata, and Marsipobranchii.

MARSUPIAL
Mar*su"pi*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. marsupial.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a pouch for carrying the immature young; of or
pertaining to the Marsupialia.

2. (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a marsupium; as, the marsupial bones.
Marsupial frog. (Zoöl.) See Nototrema.

MARSUPIAL
Mar*su"pi*al, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Marsupialia.

MARSUPIALIA
Mar*su`pi*a"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. marsupium a pouch, bag,
purse, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A subclass of Mammalia, including nearly all the mammals of
Australia and the adjacent islands, together with the opossums of
America. They differ from ordinary mammals in having the corpus
callosum very small, in being implacental, and in having their young
born while very immature. The female generally carries the young for
some time after birth in an external pouch, or marsupium. Called also
Marsupiata.

MARSUPIALIAN; MARSUPIAN
Mar*su`pi*a"li*an, Mar*su"pi*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Marsupialia.

MARSUPIATE
Mar*su"pi*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Related to or resembling the marsupials; furnished with a pouch
for the young, as the marsupials, and also some fishes and Crustacea.

MARSUPION
Mar*su"pi*on, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Same as Marsupium.

MARSUPITE
Mar"su*pite, n. Etym: [See Marsupial.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil crinoid of the genus Marsupites, resembling a purse in
form.

MARSUPIUM
Mar*su"pi*um, n.; pl. Marsupia. Etym: [L., a pouch], (Anat. & Zoöl.)
(a) The pouch, formed by a fold of the skin of the abdomen, in which
marsupials carry their young; also, a pouch for similar use in other
animals, as certain Crustacea.
(b) The pecten in the eye of birds and reptiles. See Pecten.

MART
Mart, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. market.]

1. A market.
Where has commerce such a mart . . . as London Cowper.

2. A bargain. [Obs.] Shak.

MART
Mart, v. t.

Defn: To buy or sell in, or as in, a mart. [Obs.]
To sell and mart your officer for gold To undeservers. Shak.

MART
Mart, v. t.

Defn: To traffic. [Obs.] Shak.

MART
Mart, n. Etym: [See Mars.]

1. The god Mars. [Obs.]

2. Battle; contest. [Obs.] Fairfax.

MARTAGON
Mar"ta*gon, n. Etym: [Cf. F. & Sp. martagon, It. martagone.] (Bot.)

Defn: A lily (Lilium Martagon) with purplish red flowers, found in
Europe and Asia.

MARTEL
Mar"tel, v. i. Etym: [F. marteler, fr. martel, marteau, hammer, a
dim. fr. L. martulus, marculus, dim. of marcus hammer. Cf. March to
step.]

Defn: To make a blow with, or as with, a hammer. [Obs.] Spenser.

MARTEL DE FER
Mar`tel` de fer". Etym: [OF., hammer of iron.]

Defn: A weapon resembling a hammer, often having one side of the head
pointed; -- used by horsemen in the Middle Ages to break armor.
Fairholt.

MARTELINE
Mar"te*line, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A small hammer used by marble workers and sculptors.

MARTELLO TOWER
Mar*tel"lo tow`er. Etym: [It. martello hammer. The name was orig.
given to towers erected on the coasts of Sicily and Sardinia for
protection against the pirates in the time of Charles the Fifth,
which prob. orig. contained an alarm bell to be struck with a hammer.
See Martel.] (Fort.)

Defn: A building of masonry, generally circular, usually erected on
the seacoast, with a gun on the summit mounted on a traversing
platform, so as to be fired in any direction.

Note: The English borrowed the name of the tower from Corsica in
1794.

MARTEN
Mar"ten, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird. See Martin.

MARTEN
Mar"ten, n. Etym: [From older martern, marter, martre, F. martre,
marte, LL. martures (pl.), fr. L. martes; akin to AS. mear, meard, G.
marder, OHG. mardar, Icel. mör. Cf. Foumart.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several fur-bearing carnivores of the genus Mustela,
closely allied to the sable. Among the more important species are the
European beech, or stone, marten (Mustela foina); the pine marten (M.
martes); and the American marten, or sable (M. Americana), which some
zoölogists consider only a variety of the Russian sable.

2. The fur of the marten, used for hats, muffs, etc.

MARTERN
Mar"tern, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Marten. [Obs.]

MAR-TEXT
Mar"-text`, n.

Defn: A blundering preacher.

MARTIAL
Mar"tial, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. martialis of or belonging to Mars, the
god of war. Cf. March the month.]

1. Of, pertaining to, or suited for, war; military; as, martial
music; a martial appearance. "Martial equipage." Milton.

2. Practiced in, or inclined to, war; warlike; brave.
But peaceful kings, o'er martial people set, Each other's poise and
counterbalance are. Dryden.

3. Belonging to war, or to an army and navy; -- opposed to civil; as,
martial law; a court-martial.

4. Pertaining to, or resembling, the god, or the planet, Mars. Sir T.
Browne.

5. (Old Chem. & Old Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, iron; chalybeate; as, martial
preparations. [Archaic] Martial flowers (Med.), a reddish crystalline
salt of iron; the ammonio-chloride of iron. [Obs.] -- Martial law,
the law administered by the military power of a government when it
has superseded the civil authority in time of war, or when the civil
authorities are unable to enforce the laws. It is distinguished from
military law, the latter being the code of rules for the regulation
of the army and navy alone, either in peace or in war.

Syn.
 -- Martial, Warlike. Martial refers more to war in action, its
array, its attendants, etc.; as, martial music, a martial appearance,
a martial array, courts-martial, etc. Warlike describes the feeling
or temper which leads to war, and the adjuncts of war; as, a warlike
nation, warlike indication, etc. The two words are often used without
discrimination.

MARTIALISM
Mar"tial*ism, n.

Defn: The quality of being warlike; exercises suitable for war.
[Obs.]

MARTIALIST
Mar"tial*ist, n.

Defn: A warrior. [Obs.] Fuller.

MARTIALIZE
Mar"tial*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Martialized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Martializing.]

Defn: To render warlike; as, to martialize a people.

MARTIALLY
Mar"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a martial manner.

MARTIALNESS
Mar"tial*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being martial.

MARTIAN
Mar"tian, a. [L. Martius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Mars, the Roman god of war, or to the
planet bearing his name; martial.

MARTIAN
Mar"tian, n.

Defn: An inhabitant of the planet Mars.  Du Maurier.

MARTIN
Mar"tin, n. (Stone Working) Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A perforated stone-faced runner for grinding.

MARTIN
Mar"tin, n. Etym: [F. martin, from the proper name Martin. Cf.
Martlet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of swallows, usually having the tail
less deeply forked than the tail of the common swallows. [Written
also marten.]

Note: The American purple martin, or bee martin (Progne subis, or
purpurea), and the European house, or window, martin (Hirundo, or
Chelidon, urbica), are the best known species. Bank martin. (a) The
bank swallow. See under Bank. (b) The fairy martin. See under Fairy.
 -- Bee martin. (a) The purple martin. (b) The kingbird.
 -- Sand martin, the bank swallow.

MARTINET
Mar"ti*net`, n. Etym: [So called from an officer of that name in the
French army under Louis XIV. Cf. Martin the bird, Martlet.]

Defn: In military language, a strict disciplinarian; in general, one
who lays stress on a rigid adherence to the details of discipline, or
to forms and fixed methods. [Hence, the word is commonly employed in
a depreciatory sense.]

MARTINET
Mar"ti*net`, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The martin.

MARTINETA
Mar`ti*ne"ta, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. martinete.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of tinamou (Calopezus elegans), having a long slender
crest.

MARTINETISM
Mar"ti*net`ism, n.

Defn: The principles or practices of a martinet; rigid adherence to
discipline, etc.

MARTINGALE; MARTINGAL
Mar"tin*gale, Mar"tin*gal, n. Etym: [F. martingale; cf. It.
martingala a sort of hose, martingale, Sp. martingala a greave,
cuish, martingale, Sp. almártaga a kind of bridle.]

1. A strap fastened to a horse's girth, passing between his fore
legs, and fastened to the bit, or now more commonly ending in two
rings, through which the reins pass. It is intended to hold down the
head of the horse, and prevent him from rearing.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A lower stay of rope or chain for the jib boom or flying jib
boom, fastened to, or reeved through, the dolphin striker. Also, the
dolphin striker itself.

3. (Gambling)

Defn: The act of doubling, at each stake, that which has been lost on
the preceding stake; also, the sum so risked; -- metaphorically
derived from the bifurcation of the martingale of a harness. [Cant]
Thackeray.

MARTINMAS
Mar"tin*mas, n. Etym: [St. Martin + mass religious service.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The feast of St. Martin, the eleventh of November; -- often
called martlemans. Martinmas summer, a period of calm, warm weather
often experienced about the time of Martinmas; Indian summer. Percy
Smith.

MARTITE
Mar"tite, n. Etym: [L. Mars, Martis, the god Mars, the alchemical
name of iron.] (Min.)

Defn: Iron sesquioxide in isometric form, probably a pseudomorph
after magnetite.

MARTLEMAS
Mar"tle*mas, n.

Defn: See Martinmas. [Obs.]

MARTLET
Mart"let, n. Etym: [F. martinet. See Martin the bird, and cf.
Martinet a disciplinarian.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European house martin.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. merlette.] (Her.)

Defn: A bird without beak or feet; -- generally assumed to represent
a martin. As a mark of cadency it denotes the fourth son.

MARTYR
Mar"tyr, n. Etym: [AS., from L. martyr, Gr. ma`rtyr, ma`rtys, prop.,
a witness; cf. Skr. smrs to remember, E. memory.]

1. One who, by his death, bears witness to the truth of the gospel;
one who is put to death for his religion; as, Stephen was the first
Christian martyr. Chaucer.
To be a martyr, signifies only to witness the truth of Christ; but
the witnessing of the truth was then so generally attended with
persecution, that martyrdom now signifies not only to witness, but to
witness by death South.

2. Hence, one who sacrifices his life, his station, or what is of
great value to him, for the sake of principle, or to sustain a cause.
Then if thou fall'st, O Cromwell, Thou fall'st a blessed martyr !
Shak.

MARTYR
Mar"tyr, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Martyred; p. pr. & vb. n. Martyring.]

1. To put to death for adhering to some belief, esp. Christianity; to
sacrifice on account of faith or profession. Bp. Pearson.

2. To persecute; to torment; to torture. Chaucer.
The lovely Amoret, whose gentle heart Thou martyrest with sorrow and
with smart. Spenser.
Racked with sciatics, martyred with the stone. Pope.

MARTYRDOM
Mar"tyr*dom, n. Etym: [Martyr + -dom.]

1. The condition of a martyr; the death of a martyr; the suffering of
death on account of adherence to the Christian faith, or to any
cause. Bacon.
I came from martyrdom unto this peace. Longfellow.

2. Affliction; torment; torture. Chaucer.

MARTYRIZATION
Mar`tyr*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: Act of martyrizing, or state of being martyrized; torture. B.
Jonson.

MARTYRIZE
Mar"tyr*ize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. martyriser, LL. martyrizare.]

Defn: To make a martyr of. Spenser.

MARTYRLY
Mar"tyr*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a martyr.

MARTYROLOGE
Mar"tyr*o*loge, n. Etym: [LL. martyrologium: cf. F. martyrologe.]

Defn: A martyrology. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

MARTYROLOGIC; MARTYROLOGICAL
Mar`tyr*o*log"ic, Mar`tyr*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to martyrology or martyrs; registering, or
registered in, a catalogue of martyrs.

MARTYROLOGIST
Mar`tyr*ol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. martyrologiste.]

Defn: A writer of martyrology; an historian of martyrs. T. Warton.

MARTYROLOGY
Mar`tyr*ol"o*gy, n.; pl. -gies. Etym: [Martyr + -logy.]

Defn: A history or account of martyrs; a register of martyrs. Bp.
Stillingfleet.

MARTYRSHIP
Mar"tyr*ship, n.

Defn: Martyrdom. [R.] Fuller.

MARVEL
Mar"vel, n. Etym: [OE. mervaile, F. merveille, fr. L. mirabilia
wonderful things, pl., fr. mirabilis wonderful, fr. mirari to wonder
or marvel at. See Admire, Smile, and cf. Miracle.]

1. That which causes wonder; a prodigy; a miracle.
I will do marvels such as have not been done. Ex. xxxiv. 10.
Nature's sweet marvel undefiled. Emerson.

2. Wonder. [R.] "Use lessens marvel." Sir W. Scott. Marvel of Peru.
(Bot.) See Four-o'clock.

MARVEL
Mar"vel, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Marveled or Marvelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Marveling or Marvelling.] Etym: [OE. merveilen, OF. merveillier.]

Defn: To be struck with surprise, astonishment, or wonder; to wonder.
Marvel not, my brethren, if the world hate you. 1 john iii. 13.

MARVEL
Mar"vel, v. t.

1. To marvel at. [Obs.] Wyclif.

2. To cause to marvel, or be surprised; -- used impersonally. [Obs.]
But much now me marveleth. Rich. the Redeless.

MARVELOUS
Mar"vel*ous, a. Etym: [OE. merveillous, OF. merveillos, F.
Merveilleux. See Marvel, n.] [Written also marvellous.]

1. Exciting wonder or surprise; astonishing; wonderful.
This is the Lord's doing; it is marvelous in our eyes. Ps. cxiii. 23.

2. Partaking of the character of miracle, or superna
The marvelous fable includes whatever is supernatural, and especially
the machines of the gods. Pope.
The marvelous, that which exceeds natural power, or is preternatural;
that which is wonderful; -- opposed to the probable.

Syn.
 -- Wonderful; astonishing; surprising; strange; improbable;
incredible.
 -- Marvelous, Wonderful. We speak of a thing as wonderful when it
awakens our surprise and admiration; as marvelous when it is so much
out of the ordinary course of things as to seem nearly or quite
incredible.

MARVELOUSLY
Mar"vel*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a marvelous manner; wonderfully; strangely.

MARVELOUSNESS
Mar"vel*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being marvelous; wonderfulness;
strangeness.

MARVER
Mar"ver, n. Etym: [Prob. corrupt. fr. OE. or F. marbre marble.]
(Glass Marking)

Defn: A stone, or cast-iron plate, or former, on which hot glass is
rolled to give it shape.

MARY
Mar"y, n.

Defn: Marrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MARY
Ma"ry, interj.

Defn: See Marry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MARY-BUD
Ma"ry-bud`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The marigold; a blossom of the marigold. Shak.

MARYOLATRY
Ma`ry*ol"a*try, n.

Defn: Mariolatry.

MARYSOLE
Ma"ry*sole, n. Etym: [Mary, the proper name + sole the fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large British fluke, or flounder (Rhombus megastoma); --
called also carter, and whiff. marchpane.

MASCAGNIN; MASCAGNITE
Mas*ca"gnin, Mas*ca"gnite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mascagnin.] (Min.)

Defn: Native sulphate of ammonia, found in volcanic districts; -- so
named from Mascagni, who discovered it.

MASCLE
Mas"cle, n. Etym: [OF. mascle, F. macle, L. macula spot, mesh of a
net, LL. macula, macla, mascla a scale of a coat of mail. See Mail
armor.] (Her.)

Defn: A lozenge voided.

MASCLED
Mas"cled, a.

Defn: Composed of, or covered with, lozenge-shaped scales; having
lozenge-shaped divisions. Mascled armor, armor composed of small
lozenge-shaped scales of metal fastened on a foundation of leather or
quilted cloth.

MASCOT; MASCOTTE
Mas"cot, Mas"cotte, n. Etym: [Through French fr. Pr. mascot a little
sorcerer or magician, mascotto witchcraft, sorcery.]

Defn: A person who is supposed to bring good luck to the household to
which he or she belongs; anything that brings good luck.

MASCULATE
Mas"cu*late, v. t. Etym: [L. masculus male, masculine.]

Defn: To make strong. [Obs.] Cockeram.

MASCULINE
Mas"cu*line, a. Etym: [L. masculinus, fr. masculus male, manly, dim.
of mas a male: cf. F. masculin. See Male masculine.]

1. Of the male sex; not female.
Thy masculine children, that is to say, thy sons. Chaucer.

2. Having the qualities of a man; suitable to, or characteristic of,
a man; virile; not feminine or effeminate; strong; robust.
That lady, after her husband's death, held the reins with a masculine
energy. Hallam.

3. Belonging to males; appropriated to, or used by, males. [R.] "A
masculine church." Fuller.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: Having the inflections of, or construed with, words pertaining
especially to male beings, as distinguished from feminine and neuter.
See Gender.
 -- Mas"cu*line*ly, adv.
 -- Mas"cu*line*ness, n.

MASCULINITY
Mas`cu*lin"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being masculine; masculineness.

MASE
Mase, n. & v.

Defn: See Maze. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MASELYN
Mas"e*lyn, n.

Defn: A drinking cup. See 1st Maslin, 2. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MASER
Ma"ser, n.

Defn: Same as Mazer.

MASH
Mash, n.

Defn: A mesh. [Obs.]

MASH
Mash, n. Etym: [Akin to G. meisch, maisch, meische, maische, mash,
wash, and prob. to AS. miscian to mix. See Mix.]

1. A mass of mixed ingredients reduced to a soft pulpy state by
beating or pressure; a mass of anything in a soft pulpy state.
Specifically (Brewing), ground or bruised malt, or meal of rye,
wheat, corn, or other grain (or a mixture of malt and meal) steeped
and stirred in hot water for making the wort.

2. A mixture of meal or bran and water fed to animals.

3. A mess; trouble. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Mash tun, a large tub used in
making mash and wort.

MASH
Mash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Mashing.] Etym:
[Akin to G. meischen, maischen, to mash, mix, and prob. to mischen,
E. mix. See 2d Mash.]

Defn: To convert into a mash; to reduce to a soft pulpy state by
beating or pressure; to bruise; to crush; as, to mash apples in a
mill, or potatoes with a pestle. Specifically (Brewing), to convert,
as malt, or malt and meal, into the mash which makes wort. Mashing
tub, a tub for making the mash in breweries and distilleries; --
called also mash tun, and mash vat.

MASHER
Mash"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, mashes; also (Brewing), a machine for
making mash.

2. A charmer of women. [Slang] London Punch.

MASHIE; MASHY
Mash"ie, Mash"y, n.; pl. Mashies (#). [Etym. uncert.]

Defn: A golf club like the iron, but with a shorter head, slightly
more lofted, used chiefly for short approaches.

MASHLIN
Mash"lin, n.

Defn: See Maslin.

MASHY
Mash"y, a.

Defn: Produced by crushing or bruising; resembling, or consisting of,
a mash.

MASK
Mask, n. Etym: [F. masque, LL. masca, mascha, mascus; cf. Sp. & Pg.
máscara, It. maschera; all fr. Ar. maskharat buffoon, fool,
pleasantry, anything ridiculous or mirthful, fr. sakhira to ridicule,
to laugh at. Cf. Masque, Masquerade.]

1. A cover, or partial cover, for the face, used for disguise or
protection; as, a dancer's mask; a fencer's mask; a ball player's
mask.

2. That which disguises; a pretext or subterfuge.

3. A festive entertainment of dancing or other diversions, where all
wear masks; a masquerade; hence, a revel; a frolic; a delusive show.
Bacon.
This thought might lead me through the world's vain mask. Milton.

4. A dramatic performance, formerly in vogue, in which the actors
wore masks and represented mythical or allegorical characters.

5. (Arch.)

Defn: A grotesque head or face, used to adorn keystones and other
prominent parts, to spout water in fountains, and the like; -- called
also mascaron.

6. (Fort.)
(a) In a permanent fortification, a redoubt which protects the
caponiere.
(b) A screen for a battery.

7. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lower lip of the larva of a dragon fly, modified so as to
form a prehensile organ. Mask house, a house for masquerades. [Obs.]

MASK
Mask, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Masked; p. pr. & vb. n. Masking.]

1. To cover, as the face, by way of concealment or defense against
injury; to conceal with a mask or visor.
They must all be masked and vizarded. Shak.

2. To disguise; to cover; to hide.
Masking the business from the common eye. Shak.

3. (Mil.)
(a) To conceal; also, to intervene in the line of.
(b) To cover or keep in check; as, to mask a body of troops or a
fortess by a superior force, while some hostile evolution is being
carried out.

MASK
Mask, v. i.

1. To take part as a masker in a masquerade. Cavendish.

2. To wear a mask; to be disguised in any way. Shak.

MASKED
Masked, a.

1. Wearing a mask or masks; characterized by masks; cincealed;
hidden.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Personate.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the anterior part of the head differing decidedly in
color from the rest of the plumage; -- said of birds. Masked ball, a
ball in which the dancers wear masks.
 -- Masked battery (Mil.), a battery so placed as not to be seen by
an enemy until it opens fire. H. L. Scott.
 -- Masked crab (Zoöl.), a European crab (Corystes cassivelaunus)
with markings on the carapace somewhat resembling a human face.
 -- Masked pig (Zoöl.), a Japanese domestic hog (Sus pliciceps). Its
face is deeply furrowed.

MASKER
Mask"er, n.

Defn: One who wears a mask; one who appears in disguise at a
masquerade.

MASKER
Mask"er, v. t.

Defn: To confuse; to stupefy. [Obs.] Holland.

MASKERY
Mask"er*y, n.

Defn: The dress or disguise of a maske [Obs.] Marston.

MASKINONGE
Mas"ki*nonge, n.

Defn: The muskellunge.

MASK SHELL
Mask" shell`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any spiral marine shell of the genus Persona, having a
curiously twisted aperture.

MASLACH
Mas"lach, n. Etym: [Ar. maslaq: cf. F. masloc.] (Med.)

Defn: An excitant containing opium, much used by the Turks.
Dunglison.

MASLIN
Mas"lin, n. Etym: [OE. missellane, misceline, miscelin, meslin, fr.
miscellane. See Miscellane.]

1. A mixture composed of different materials; especially:
(a) A mixture of metals resembling brass.
(b) A mixture of different sorts of grain, as wheat and rye. [Written
also meslin, mislin, maselyn, mastlin.]

2. A vessel made of maslin, 1 (a). [Obs.]
Mead eke in a maselyn. Chaucer.

MASLIN
Mas"lin, a.

Defn: Composed of different sorts; as, maslin bread, which is made of
rye mixed with a little wheat. [Written also meslin, mislin, etc.]

MASON
Ma"son, n. Etym: [F. ma, LL. macio, machio, mattio, mactio, marcio,
macerio; of uncertain origin.]

1. One whose occupation is to build with stone or brick; also, one
who prepares stone for building purposes.

2. A member of the fraternity of Freemasons. See Freemason. Mason bee
(Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of solitary bees of the genus
Osmia. They construct curious nests of hardened mud and sand.
 -- Mason moth (Zoöl.), any moth whose larva constructs an earthen
cocoon under the soil.
 -- Mason shell (Zoöl.), a marine univalve shell of the genus Phorus;
-- so called because it cements other shells and pebbles upon its own
shell; a carrier shell.
 -- Mason wasp (Zoöl.), any wasp that constructs its nest, or brood
cells, of hardened mud. The female fills the cells with insects or
spiders, paralyzed by a sting, and thus provides food for its larvæ

MASON
Ma"son, v. t.

Defn: To build stonework or brickwork about, under, in, over, etc.;
to construct by masons; -- with a prepositional suffix; as, to mason
up a well or terrace; to mason in a kettle or boiler.

MASONIC
Ma*son"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Freemasons or to their craft or mysteries.

MASONRY
Ma"son*ry, n. Etym: [F. maçonnerie.]

1. The art or occupation of a mason.

2. The work or performance of a mason; as, good or bad masonry;
skillful masonry.

3. That which is built by a mason; anything constructed of the
materials used by masons, such as stone, brick, tiles, or the like.
Dry masonry is applied to structures made without mortar.

4. The craft, institution, or mysteries of Freemasons; freemasonry.

MASOOLA BOAT
Ma*soo"la boat`

Defn: . A kind of boat used on the coast of Madras, India. The planks
are sewed together with strands of coir which cross over a wadding of
the same material, so that the shock on taking the beach through surf
is much reduced. [Written also masula, masulah, etc.]

MASORA
Ma*so"ra, n. Etym: [NHeb. mas tradition.]

Defn: A Jewish critical work on the text of the Hebrew Scriptures,
composed by several learned rabbis of the school of Tiberias, in the
eighth and ninth centuries. [Written also Masorah, Massora, and
Massorah.]

MASORET
Mas"o*ret, n.

Defn: A Masorite. [Written also Masorete, and Massorete.]

MASORETIC; MASORETICAL
Mas`o*ret"ic, Mas`o*ret"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. massorétique.]

Defn: Of or relating to the Masora, or to its authors. Masoretic
points and accents, the vowel points and accents of the Hebrew text
of the Bible, of which the first mention is in the Masora.

MASORITE
Mas"o*rite, n.

Defn: One of the writers of the Masora.

MASQUE
Masque, n.

Defn: A mask; a masquerade.

MASQUERADE
Mas`quer*ade", n. Etym: [F. mascarade, fr. Sp. mascarada, or It.
mascherata. See Mask.]

1. An assembly of persons wearing masks, and amusing themselves with
dancing, conversation, or other diversions.
In courtly balls and midnight masquerades. Pope.

2. A dramatic performance by actors in masks; a mask. See 1st Mask,
4. [Obs.]

3. Acting or living under false pretenses; concealment of something
by a false or unreal show; pretentious show; disguise.
That masquerade of misrepresentation which invariably accompanied the
political eloquence of Rome. De Quincey.

4. A Spanish diversion on horseback.

MASQUERADE
Mas`quer*ade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Masqueraded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Masquerading.]

1. To assemble in masks; to take part in a masquerade.

2. To frolic or disport in disquise; to make a pretentious show of
being what one is not.
A freak took an ass in the head, and he goes into the woods,
masquerading up and down in a lion's skin. L'Estrange.

MASQUERADE
Mas`quer*ade", v. t.

Defn: To conceal with masks; to disguise. "To masquerade vice."
Killingbeck.

MASQUERADER
Mas`quer*ad"er, n.

Defn: One who masquerades; a person wearing a mask; one disguised.

MASS
Mass, n. Etym: [OE. masse, messe, AS. mæsse. LL. missa, from L.
mittere, missum, to send, dismiss: cf. F. messe. In the ancient
churches, the public services at which the catechumens were permitted
to be present were called missa catechumenorum, ending with the
reading of the Gospel. Then they were dismissed with these words :
"Ite, missa est" [sc. ecclesia], the congregation is dismissed. After
that the sacrifice proper began. At its close the same words were
said to those who remained. So the word gave the name of Mass to the
sacrifice in the Catholic Church. See Missile, and cf. Christmas,
Lammas, Mess a dish, Missal.]

1. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The sacrifice in the sacrament of the Eucharist, or the
consecration and oblation of the host.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The portions of the Mass usually set to music, considered as a
musical composition; -- namely, the Kyrie, the Gloria, the Credo, the
Sanctus, and the Agnus Dei, besides sometimes an Offertory and the
Benedictus. Canon of the Mass. See Canon.
 -- High Mass, Mass with incense, music, the assistance of a deacon,
subdeacon, etc.
 -- Low Mass, Mass which is said by the priest through-out, without
music.
 -- Mass bell, the sanctus bell. See Sanctus.
 -- Mass book, the missal or Roman Catholic service book.

MASS
Mass, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Massed; p. pr. & vb. n. Massing.]

Defn: To celebrate Mass. [Obs.] Hooker.

MASS
Mass, n. Etym: [OE. masse, F. masse, L. massa; akin to Gr. Macerate.]

1. A quantity of matter cohering together so as to make one body, or
an aggregation of particles or things which collectively make one
body or quantity, usually of considerable size; as, a mass of ore,
metal, sand, or water.
If it were not for these principles, the bodies of the earth,
planets, comets, sun, and all things in them, would grow cold and
freeze, and become inactive masses. Sir I. Newton.
A deep mass of continual sea is slower stirred To rage. Savile.

2. (Phar.)

Defn: A medicinal substance made into a cohesive, homogeneous lump,
of consistency suitable for making pills; as, blue mass.

3. A large quantity; a sum.
All the mass of gold that comes into Spain. Sir W. Raleigh.
He had spent a huge mass of treasure. Sir J. Davies.

4. Bulk; magnitude; body; size.
This army of such mass and charge. Shak.

5. The principal part; the main body.
Night closed upon the pursuit, and aided the mass of the fugitives in
their escape. Jowett (Thucyd.).

6. (Physics)

Defn: The quantity of matter which a body contains, irrespective of
its bulk or volume.

Note: Mass and weight are often used, in a general way, as
interchangeable terms, since the weight of a body is proportional to
its mass (under the same or equal gravitative forces), and the mass
is usually ascertained from the weight. Yet the two ideas, mass and
weight, are quite distinct. Mass is the quantity of matter in a body;
weight is the comparative force with which it tends towards the
center of the earth. A mass of sugar and a mass of lead are assumed
to be equal when they show an equal weight by balancing each other in
the scales. Blue mass. See under Blue.
 -- Mass center (Geom.), the center of gravity of a triangle.
 -- Mass copper, native copper in a large mass.
 -- Mass meeting, a large or general assembly of people, usually a
meeting having some relation to politics.
 -- The masses, the great body of the people, as contrasted with the
higher classes; the populace.

MASS
Mass, v. t.

Defn: To form or collect into a mass; to form into a collective body;
to bring together into masses; to assemble.
But mass them together and they are terrible indeed. Coleridge.

MASSACRE
Mas"sa*cre, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. mazacrium; cf. Prov. G. metzgern,
metzgen, to kill cattle, G. metzger a butcher, and LG. matsken to
cut, hew, OHG. meizan to cut, Goth. máitan.]

1. The killing of a considerable number of human beings under
circumstances of atrocity or cruelty, or contrary to the usages of
civilized people; as, the massacre on St. Bartholomew's Day.

2. Murder. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- Massacre, Butchery, Carnage. Massacre denotes the promiscuous
slaughter of many who can not make resistance, or much resistance.
Butchery refers to cold-blooded cruelty in the killing of men as if
they were brute beasts. Carnage points to slaughter as producing the
heaped-up bodies of the slain.
I'll find a day to massacre them all, And raze their faction and
their family. Shak.
If thou delight to view thy heinous deeds, Brhold this pattern of thy
butcheries. Shak.
Such a scent I draw Of carnage, prey innumerable ! Milton.

MASSACRE
Mas"sa*cre, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Massacred; p. pr. & vb. n.
Massacring.] Etym: [Cf. F. massacrer. See Massacre, n.]

Defn: To kill in considerable numbers where much resistance can not
be made; to kill with indiscriminate violence, without necessity, and
contrary to the usages of nations; to butcher; to slaughter; --
limited to the killing of human beings.
If James should be pleased to massacre them all, as Maximian had
massacred the Theban legion. Macaulay.

MASSACRER
Mas"sa*crer, n.

Defn: One who massacres. [R.]

MASSAGE
Mas"sage, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A rubbing or kneading of the body, especially when performed as
a hygienic or remedial measure.

MASSAGIST
Mas"sag*ist, n.

Defn: One who practices massage; a masseur or masseuse.

MASSASAUGA
Mas`sa*sau"ga, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The black rattlesnake (Crotalus, or Caudisona, tergemina),
found in the Mississippi Valley.

MASSE; MASSE SHOT
Massé, or Masse shot, n. (Billiards)

Defn: A stroke made with the cue held vertically.

MASSER
Mass"er, n.

Defn: A priest who celebrates Mass. [R.] Bale.

MASSETER
Mas"se*ter, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. masséter.] (Anat.)

Defn: The large muscle which raises the under jaw, and assists in
mastication.

MASSETERIC
Mas`se*ter"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the masseter.

MASSETERINE
Mas"se*ter`ine, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Masseteric.

MASSEUR; MASSEUSE
Mas`seur", n. m., Mas`seuse", n. f.,} Etym: [F., or formed in
imitation of French. See Massage.] (Med.)

Defn: One who performs massage.

MASSICOT
Mas"si*cot, n. Etym: [F. massicot; E. masticot is a corruption.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Lead protoxide, PbO, obtained as a yellow amorphous powder, the
fused and crystalline form of which is called litharge; lead ocher.
It is used as a pigment.

Note: Massicot is sometimes used by painters, and also as a drier in
the composition of ointments and plasters.

MASSINESS
Mass"i*ness, n. Etym: [From Massy.]

Defn: The state or quality of being massy; ponderousness.

MASSIVE
Mass"ive, a. Etym: [F. massif.]

1. Forming, or consisting of, a large mass; compacted; weighty;
heavy; massy. "Massive armor." Dr. H. More.

2. (Min.)

Defn: In mass; not necessarily without a crystalline structure, but
having no regular form; as, a mineral occurs massive. Massive rock
(Geol.), a compact crystalline rock not distinctly schistone, as
granite; also, with some authors, an eruptive rock.

MASSIVELY
Mass"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a heavy mass.

MASSIVENESS
Mass"ive*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being massive; massiness.

MASSOOLA BOAT
Mas*soo"la boat`.

Defn: See Masoola boat.

MASSORA
Mas*so"ra, n.

Defn: Same as Masora.

MASSORET
Mas"so*ret, n.

Defn: Same as Masorite.

MASSY
Mass"y, a. [Compar. Massier; superl. Massiest.]

Defn: Compacted into, or consisting of, a mass; having bulk and
weight ot substance; ponderous; bulky and heavy; weight; heavy; as, a
massy shield; a massy rock.
Your swords are now too massy for your strengths, And will not be
uplifted. Shak.
Yawning rocks in massy fragments fly. Pope.

MAST
Mast, n. Etym: [AS. mæst, fem. ; akin to G. mast, and E. meat. See
Meat.]

Defn: The fruit of the oak and beech, or other forest trees; nuts;
acorns.
Oak mast, and beech, . . . they eat. Chapman.
Swine under an oak filling themselves with the mast. South.

MAST
Mast, n. Etym: [AS. mæst, masc.; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. mast,
Icel. mastr, and perh. to L. malus.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A pole, or long, strong, round piece of timber, or spar, set
upright in a boat or vessel, to sustain the sails, yards, rigging,
etc. A mast may also consist of several pieces of timber united by
iron bands, or of a hollow pillar of iron or steel.
The tallest pine Hewn on Norwegian hills, to be the mast Of some
great ammiral. Milton.

Note: The most common general names of masts are foremast, mainmast,
and mizzenmast, each of which may be made of separate spars.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: The vertical post of a derrick or crane. Afore the mast, Before
the mast. See under Afore, and Before.
 -- Mast coat. See under Coat.
 -- Mast hoop, one of a number of hoops attached to the fore edge of
a boom sail, which slip on the mast as the sail is raised or lowered;
also, one of the iron hoops used in making a made mast. See Made.

MAST
Mast, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Masted; p. pr. & vb. n. Masting.]

Defn: To furnish with a mast or masts; to put the masts of in
position; as, to mast a ship.

MASTABA; MASTABAH
Mas"ta*ba, n. Also Mas"ta*bah . [Ar. maçtabah a large stone bench.]

1. In Mohammedan countries, a fixed seat, common in dwellings and in
public places.

2.  (Egyptology) A type of tomb, of the time of the Memphite
dynasties, comprising an oblong structure with sloping sides
(sometimes containing a decorated chamber, sometimes of solid
masonry), and connected with a mummy chamber in the rock beneath.

MASTAX
Mas"tax, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) The pharynx of a rotifer. It usually contains four horny pieces.
The two central ones form the incus, against which the mallei, or
lateral ones, work so as to crush the food.
(b) The lore of a bird.

MASTED
Mast"ed, a.

Defn: Furnished with a mast or masts; -- chiefly in composition; as,
a three-masted schooner.

MASTER
Mast"er, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel having (so many) masts; -- used only in compounds; as,
a two-master.

MASTER
Mas"ter, n. Etym: [OE. maistre, maister, OF. maistre, mestre, F.
maître, fr. L. magister, orig. a double comparative from the root of
magnus great, akin to Gr. Maestro, Magister, Magistrate, Magnitude,
Major, Mister, Mistress, Mickle.]

1. A male person having another living being so far subject to his
will, that he can, in the main, control his or its actions; --
formerly used with much more extensive application than now. (a) The
employer of a servant. (b) The owner of a slave. (c) The person to
whom an apprentice is articled. (d) A sovereign, prince, or feudal
noble; a chief, or one exercising similar authority. (e) The head of
a household. (f) The male head of a school or college. (g) A male
teacher. (h) The director of a number of persons performing a
ceremony or sharing a feast. (i) The owner of a docile brute, --
especially a dog or horse. (j) The controller of a familiar spirit or
other supernatural being.

2. One who uses, or controls at will, anything inanimate; as, to be
master of one's time. Shak.
Master of a hundred thousand drachms. Addison.
We are masters of the sea. Jowett (Thucyd. ).

3. One who has attained great skill in the use or application of
anything; as, a master of oratorical art.
Great masters of ridicule. Maccaulay.
No care is taken to improve young men in their own language, that
they may thoroughly understand and be masters of it. Locke.

4. A title given by courtesy, now commonly pronounced mìster, except
when given to boys; -- sometimes written Mister, but usually
abbreviated to Mr.

5. A young gentleman; a lad, or small boy.
Where there are little masters and misses in a house, they are
impediments to the diversions of the servants. Swift.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: The commander of a merchant vessel; -- usually called captain.
Also, a commissioned officer in the navy ranking next above ensign
and below lieutenant; formerly, an officer on a man-of-war who had
immediate charge, under the commander, of sailing the vessel.

7. A person holding an office of authority among the Freemasons, esp.
the presiding officer; also, a person holding a similar office in
other civic societies. Little masters, certain German engravers of
the 16th century, so called from the extreme smallness of their
prints.
 -- Master in chancery, an officer of courts of equity, who acts as
an assistant to the chancellor or judge, by inquiring into various
matters referred to him, and reporting thereon to the court.
 -- Master of arts, one who takes the second degree at a university;
also, the degree or title itself, indicated by the abbreviation M.
A., or A. M.
 -- Master of the horse, the third great officer in the British
court, having the management of the royal stables, etc. In ceremonial
cavalcades he rides next to the sovereign.
 -- Master of the rolls, in England, an officer who has charge of the
rolls and patents that pass the great seal, and of the records of the
chancery, and acts as assistant judge of the court. Bouvier. Wharton.
 -- Past master, one who has held the office of master in a lodge of
Freemasons or in a society similarly organized.
 -- The old masters, distinguished painters who preceded modern
painters; especially, the celebrated painters of the 16th and 17th
centuries.
 -- To be master of one's self, to have entire self-control; not to
be governed by passion.
 -- To be one's own master, to be at liberty to act as one chooses
without dictation from anybody.

Note: Master, signifying chief, principal, masterly, superior,
thoroughly skilled, etc., is often used adjiectively or in compounds;
as, master builder or master-builder, master chord or master-chord,
master mason or master-mason, master workman or master-workman,
master mechanic, master mind, master spirit, master passion, etc.
Throughout the city by the master gate. Chaucer.
Master joint (Geol.), a quarryman's term for the more prominent and
extended joints traversing a rock mass.
 -- Master key, a key adapted to open several locks differing
somewhat from each other; figuratively, a rule or principle of
general application in solving difficulties.
 -- Master lode (Mining), the principal vein of ore.
 -- Master mariner, an experienced and skilled seaman who is
certified to be competent to command a merchant vessel.
 -- Master sinew (Far.), a large sinew that surrounds the hough of a
horse, and divides it from the bone by a hollow place, where the
windgalls are usually seated.
 -- Master singer. See Mastersinger.
 -- Master stroke, a capital performance; a masterly achievement; a
consummate action; as, a master stroke of policy.
 -- Master tap (Mech.), a tap for forming the thread in a screw
cutting die.
 -- Master touch. (a) The touch or skill of a master. Pope. (b) Some
part of a performance which exhibits very skillful work or treatment.
"Some master touches of this admirable piece." Tatler.
 -- Master work, the most important work accomplished by a skilled
person, as in architecture, literature, etc.; also, a work which
shows the skill of a master; a masterpiece.
 -- Master workman, a man specially skilled in any art, handicraft,
or trade, or who is an overseer, foreman, or employer.

MASTER
Mas"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mastered; p. pr. vb. n. Mastering.]

1. To become the master of; to subject to one's will, control, or
authority; to conquer; to overpower; to subdue.
Obstinacy and willful neglects must be mastered, even though it cost
blows. Locke.

2. To gain the command of, so as to understand or apply; to become an
adept in; as, to master a science.

3. To own; to posses. [Obs.]
The wealth That the world masters. Shak.

MASTER
Mas"ter, v. i.

Defn: To be skillful; to excel. [Obs.]

MASTERDOM
Mas"ter*dom, n. Etym: [Master + -dom.]

Defn: Dominion; rule; command. [R.] Shak.

MASTERFUL
Mas"ter*ful, a.

1. Inclined to play the master; domineering; imperious; arbitrary.
Dryden.

2. Having the skill or power of a master; indicating or expressing
power or mastery.
His masterful, pale face. Mrs. Browning.

MASTERFULLY
Mas"ter*ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In a masterful manner; imperiously.
A lawless and rebellious man who held lands masterfully and in high
contempt of the royal authority. Macaulay.

MASTERHOOD
Mas"ter*hood, n.

Defn: The state of being a master; hence, disposition to command or
hector. C. Bronté.

MASTERLESS
Mas"ter*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a master or owner; ungoverned or ungovernable.
 -- Mas"ter*less*ness, n.

MASTERLINESS
Mas"ter*li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being masterly; ability to control
wisely or skillfully.

MASTERLY
Mas"ter*ly, a.

1. Suitable to, or characteristic of, a master; indicating thorough
knowledge or superior skill and power; showing a master's hand; as, a
masterly design; a masterly performance; a masterly policy. "A wise
and masterly inactivity." Sir J. Mackintosh.

2. Imperious; domineering; arbitrary.

MASTERLY
Mas"ter*ly, adv.

Defn: With the skill of a master.
Thou dost speak masterly. Shak.

MASTEROUS
Mas"ter*ous, a.

Defn: Masterly. [Obs.] Milton.

MASTERPIECE
Mas"ter*piece`, n.

Defn: Anything done or made with extraordinary skill; a capital
performance; a chef-d'oeuvre; a supreme achievement.
The top and masterpiece of art. South.
Dissimulation was his masterpiece. Claredon.

MASTERSHIP
Mas"ter*ship, n.

1. The state or office of a master.

2. Mastery; dominion; superior skill; superiority.
Where noble youths for mastership should strive. Driden.

3. Chief work; masterpiece. [Obs.] Dryden.

4. An ironical title of respect.
How now, seignior Launce ! what news with your mastership Shak.

MASTERSINGER
Mas"ter*sing`er, n. Etym: [A translation of G. meistersänger.]

Defn: One of a class of poets which flourished in Nuremberg and some
other cities of Germany in the 15th and 16th centuries. They bound
themselves to observe certain arbitrary laws of rhythm.

MASTER VIBRATOR
Mas"ter vi"bra*tor.

Defn: In an internal-combustion engine with two or more cylinders, an
induction coil and vibrator placed in the circuit between the battery
or magneto and the coils for the different cylinders, which are used
without vibrators of their own.

MASTERWORT
Mas"ter*wort`, n. (Bot.)
(a) A tall and coarse European umbelliferous plant (Peucedanum
Ostruthium, formerly Imperatoria).
(b) The Astrantia major, a European umbelliferous plant with a showy
colored involucre.
(c) Improperly, the cow parsnip (Heracleum lanatum).

MASTERY
Mas"ter*y, n.; pl. Masteries. Etym: [OF. maistrie.]

1. The position or authority of a master; dominion; command;
supremacy; superiority.
If divided by mountains, they will fight for the mastery of the
passages of the tops. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Superiority in war or competition; victory; triumph; preëminence.
The voice of them that shout for mastery. Ex. xxxii. 18.
Every man that striveth for the mastery is temperate in all things. 1
Cor. ix. 25.
O, but to have gulled him Had been a mastery. B. Jonson.

3. Contest for superiority. [Obs.] Holland.

4. A masterly operation; a feat. [Obs.]
I will do a maistrie ere I go. Chaucer.

5. Specifically, the philosopher's stone. [Obs.]

6. The act process of mastering; the state of having mastered.
He could attain to a mastery in all languages. Tillotson.
The learning and mastery of a tongue, being unpleasant in itself,
should not be cumbered with other difficulties. Locke.

MASTFUL
Mast"ful, a. Etym: [See lst Mast.]

Defn: Abounding in mast; producing mast in abundance; as, the mastful
forest; a mastful chestnut. Dryden.

MASTHEAD
Mast"head`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The top or head of a mast; the part of a mast above the hounds.

MASTHEAD
Mast"head", v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To cause to go to the masthead as a punishment. Marryat.

MASTHOUSE
Mast"house`, n.

Defn: A building in which vessels' masts are shaped, fitted, etc.

MASTIC
Mas"tic, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. mastiche, mastichum, Gr. [Written also
mastich.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A low shrubby tree of the genus Pistacia (P. Lentiscus),
growing upon the islands and coasts of the Mediterranean, and
producing a valuable resin; -- called also, mastic tree.

2. A resin exuding from the mastic tree, and obtained by incision.
The best is in yellowish white, semitransparent tears, of a faint
smell, and is used as an astringent and an aromatic, also as an
ingredient in varnishes.

3. A kind of cement composed of burnt clay, litharge, and linseed
oil, used for plastering walls, etc. Barbary mastic (Bot.), the
Pistachia Atlantica.
 -- Peruvian mastic tree (Bot.), a small tree (Schinus Molle) with
peppery red berries; -- called also pepper tree.
 -- West Indian mastic (Bot.), a lofty tree (Bursera gummifera) full
of gum resin in every part.

MASTICABLE
Mas"ti*ca*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being masticated.

MASTICADOR
Mas`ti*ca"dor, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. mastigador. See Masticate.] (Man.)

Defn: A part of a bridle, the slavering bit. [Written also
mastigador.]

MASTICATE
Mas"ti*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Masticated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Masticating.] Etym: [L. masticatus, p. p. of masticare to chew, prob.
fr. mastiche mastic. See Mastic.]

Defn: To grind or crush with, or as with, the teeth and prepare for
swallowing and digestion; to chew; as, to masticate food.

MASTICATER
Mas"ti*ca`ter, n.

Defn: One who masticates.

MASTICATION
Mas`ti*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. masticatio: cf. F. mastication.]

Defn: The act or operation of masticating; chewing, as of food.
Mastication is a necessary preparation of solid aliment, without
which there can be no good digestion. Arbuthnot.

MASTICATOR
Mas"ti*ca`tor, n.

1. One who masticates.

2. A machine for cutting meat into fine pieces for toothless people;
also, a machine for cutting leather, India rubber, or similar tough
substances, into fine pieces, in some processes of manufacture.

MASTICATORY
Mas"ti*ca*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. masticatoire.]

Defn: Chewing; adapted to perform the office o

MASTICATORY
Mas"ti*ca*to*ry, n.; pl. -ries (. (Med.)

Defn: A substance to be chewed to increase the saliva. Bacon.

MASTICH
Mas"tich, n.

Defn: See Mastic.

MASTICIN
Mas"ti*cin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, amorphous, tenacious substance resembling caoutchouc,
and obtained as an insoluble residue of mastic.

MASTICOT
Mas"ti*cot, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Massicot. [Obs.]

MASTIFF
Mas"tiff, n.; pl. Mastiffs (. [Mastives is irregular and unusual.]
Etym: [Prob. fr. Prov. E. masty, adj., large, n., a great dog, prob.
fr. mast fruit, and hence, lit., fattened with mast. There is perh.
confusion with OF. mestif mongrel; cf. also F. mâtin mastiff, OF.
mastin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A breed of large dogs noted for strength and courage. There are
various strains, differing in form and color, and characteristic of
different countries. Mastiff bat (Zoöl.) , any bat of the genus
Molossus; so called because the face somewhat resembles that of a
mastiff.

MASTIGOPOD
Mas"ti*go*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Mastigopoda.

MASTIGOPODA
Mas`ti*gop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Infusoria.

MASTIGURE
Mas"ti*gure, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several large spiny-tailed lizards of the genus
Uromastix. They inhabit Southern Asia and North Africa.

MASTING
Mast"ing, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The act or process of putting a mast or masts into a vessel;
also, the scientific principles which determine the position of
masts, and the mechanical methods of placing them. Masting house
(Naut.), a large building, with suitable mechanism overhanging the
water, used for stepping and unstepping the masts of vessels.

MASTITIS
Mas*ti"tis, n. Etym: [Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the breast.

MASTLESS
Mast"less, a. Etym: [See lst Mast.]

Defn: Bearing no mast; as, a mastless oak or beech. Dryden.

MASTLESS
Mast"less, a. Etym: [See 2d Mast.]

Defn: Having no mast; as, a mastless vessel.

MASTLIN
Mast"lin, n.

Defn: See Maslin.

MASTODON
Mas"to*don, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of mammals closely allied to the elephant, but
having less complex molar teeth, and often a pair of lower, as well
as upper, tusks, which are incisor teeth. The species were mostly
larger than elephants, and their romains occur in nearly all parts of
the world in deposits ranging from Miocene to late Quaternary time.

MASTODONSAURUS
Mas`to*don*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. E. Mastodon + Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A large extinct genus of labyrinthodonts, found in the European
Triassic rocks.

MASTODONTIC
Mas`to*don"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a mastodon; as, mastodontic
dimensions. Everett.

MASTODYNIA; MASTODYNY
Mas`to*dyn"i*a, Mas*tod"y*ny (, n. Etym: [NL. mastodynia, fr. Gr.
(Med.)

Defn: Pain occuring in the mamma or female breast, -- a form of
neuralgia.

MASTOID
Mas"toid, a. Etym: [Gr. mastoïde.] (Anat.)
(a) Resembling the nipple or the breast; -- applied specifically to a
process of the temporal bone behind the ear.
(b) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the mastoid process;
mastoidal.

MASTOIDAL
Mas*toid"al, a.

Defn: Same as Mastoid.

MASTOIDITIS
Mas`toid*i*tis, n. [NL. See Mastoid, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation in the mastoid process of the temporal bone.

MASTOLOGY
Mas*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. mastologie.]

Defn: The natural history of Mammalia.

MASTRESS
Mas"tress, n.

Defn: Mistress. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MASTURBATION
Mas`tur*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. masturbatus, p. p. of masturbari to
practice onanism: cf. F. masturbation.]

Defn: Onanism; self-pollution.

MASTY
Mast"y, a. Etym: [See lst Mast.]

Defn: Full of mast; abounding in acorns, etc.

MASULA BOAT
Ma*su"la boat`.

Defn: Same as Masoola boat.

MAT
Mat, n. Etym: [Cf. Matte.]

Defn: A name given by coppersmiths to an alloy of copper, tin, iron,
etc., usually called white metal. [Written also matt.]

MAT
Mat, a. Etym: [OF. See 4th Mate.]

Defn: Cast down; dejected; overthrown; slain. [Obs.]
When he saw them so piteous and so maat. Chaucer.

MAT
Mat, n. Etym: [AS. matt, meatt, fr. L. matta a mat made of rushes.]

1. A fabric of sedge, rushes, flags, husks, straw, hemp, or similar
material, used for wiping and cleaning shoes at the door, for
covering the floor of a hall or room, and for other purposes.

2. Any similar fabric for various uses, as for covering plant houses,
putting beneath dishes or lamps on a table, securing rigging from
friction, and the like.

3. Anything growing thickly, or closely interwoven, so as to resemble
a mat in form or texture; as, a mat of weeds; a mat of hair.

4. An ornamental border made of paper, pasterboard, metal, etc., put
under the glass which covers a framed picture; as, the mat of a
daguerreotype. Mat grass. (Bot.) (a) A low, tufted, European grass
(Nardus stricta). (b) Same as Matweed.
 -- Mat rush (Bot.), a kind of rush (Scirpus lacustris) used in
England for making mats.

MAT
Mat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Matted; p. pr. & vb. n. Matting.]

1. To cover or lay with mats. Evelyn.

2. To twist, twine, or felt together; to interweave into, or like, a
mat; to entangle.
And o'er his eyebrows hung his matted hair. Dryden.

MAT
Mat, v. i.

Defn: To grow thick together; to become interwoven or felted together
like a mat.

MATABELE; MATABELES
Mat`a*be"le, or Mat`a*be"les, n. pl., sing. Matabele. [Written also
Matabili.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: A warlike South African Kaffir tribe.

MATACHIN
Ma`ta*chin", n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: An old dance with swords and bucklers; a sword dance.

MATACO
Mat"a*co, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutis tricinctus). See Illust.
under Loricata.

MATADORE; MATADOR
Mat"a*dore, Mat"a*dor, n. Etym: [Sp. matador, prop., a killer, fr.
matar to kill, L. mactare to sacrifice, kill.]

1. The killer; the man appointed to kill the bull in bullfights.

2. (Card Playing)

Defn: In the game of quadrille or omber, the three principal trumps,
the ace of spades being the first, the ace of clubs the third, and
the second being the deuce of a black trump or the seven of a red
one.
When Lady Tricksey played a four, You took it with a matadore. Swift.

MATAGASSE
Mat`a*gasse", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shrike or butcher bird; -- called also mattages. [Prov. Eng.]

MATAJUELO
Ma`ta*jue"lo (mä`ta*hwa"lo; 239), n. [Cf. Sp. matajudío a kind of
fish.]

Defn: A large squirrel fish (Holocentrus ascensionis) of Florida and
the West Indies.

MATAJUELO BLANCO
Ma`ta*jue"lo blan"co. [Sp. blanco white.]

Defn: A West Indian food fish (Malacanthus plumieri) related to the
tilefish.

MATAMATA
Ma`ta*ma"ta, n. Etym: [Pg.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bearded tortoise (Chelys fimbriata) of South American
rivers.

MATANZA
Ma*tan"za, n. Etym: [Sp., slaughter, fr. matar to kill.]

Defn: A place where animals are slaughtered for their hides and
tallow. [Western U. S.]

MATCH
Match, n. Etym: [OE. macche, F. mèche, F. mèche, fr. L. myxa a lamp
nozzle, Gr. Mucus.]

Defn: Anything used for catching and retaining or communicating fire,
made of some substance which takes fire readily, or remains burning
some time; esp., a small strip or splint of wood dipped at one end in
a substance which can be easily ignited by friction, as a preparation
of phosphorus or chlorate of potassium. Match box, a box for holding
matches.
 -- Match tub, a tub with a perforated cover for holding slow matches
for firing cannon, esp. on board ship. The tub contains a little
water in the bottom, for extinguishing sparks from the lighted
matches.
 -- Quick match, threads of cotton or cotton wick soaked in a
solution of gunpowder mixed with gum arabic and boiling water and
afterwards strewed over with mealed powder. It burns at the rate of
one yard in thirteen seconds, and is used as priming for heavy
mortars, fireworks, etc.
 -- Slow match, slightly twisted hempen rope soaked in a solution of
limewater and saltpeter or washed in a lye of water and wood ashes.
It burns at the rate of four or five inches an hour, and is used for
firing cannon, fireworks, etc.

MATCH
Match, n. Etym: [OE. macche, AS. gemæcca; akin to gemaca, and to OS.
gimako, OHG. gimah fitting, suitable, convenient, Icel. mark
suitable, maki mate, Sw. make, Dan. mage; all from the root of E.
make, v. See Make mate, and Make, v., and cf. Mate an associate.]

1. A person or thing equal or similar to another; one able to mate or
cope with another; an equal; a mate.
Government . . . makes an innocent man, though of the lowest rank, a
match for the mightiest of his fellow subjects. Addison.

2. A bringing together of two parties suited to one another, as for a
union, a trial of skill or force, a contest, or the like; as,
specifically:
(a) A contest to try strength or skill, or to determine superiority;
an emulous struggle. "Many a warlike match." Drayton.
A solemn match was made; he lost the prize. Dryden.

(b) A matrimonial union; a marriage.

3. An agreement, compact, etc. "Thy hand upon that match." Shak.
Love doth seldom suffer itself to be confined by other matches than
those of its own making. Boyle.

4. A candidate for matrimony; one to be gained in marriage. "She . .
. was looked upon as the richest match of the West." Clarendon.

5. Equality of conditions in contest or competition.
It were no match, your nail against his horn. Shak.

6. Suitable combination or bringing together; that which corresponds
or harmonizes with something else; as, the carpet and curtains are a
match.

7. (Founding)

Defn: A perforated board, block of plaster, hardened sand, etc., in
which a pattern is partly imbedded when a mold is made, for giving
shape to the surfaces of separation between the parts of the mold.
Match boarding (Carp.), boards fitted together with tongue and
groove, or prepared to be so fitted.
 -- Match game, a game arranged as a test of superiority.
 -- Match plane (Carp.), either of the two planes used to shape the
edges of boards which are joined by grooving and tonguing.
 -- Match plate (Founding), a board or plate on the opposite sides of
which the halves of a pattern are fastened, to facilitate molding.
Knight.
 -- Match wheel (Mach.), a cogwheel of suitable pitch to work with
another wheel; specifically, one of a pair of cogwheels of equal
size.

MATCH
Match, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Matched; p. pr. & vb. n. Matching.]

1. To be a mate or match for; to be able to complete with; to rival
successfully; to equal.
No settled senses of the world can match The pleasure of that
madness. Shak.

2. To furnish with its match; to bring a match, or equal, against; to
show an equal competitor to; to set something in competition with, or
in opposition to, as equal.
No history or antiquity can matchis policies and his conduct. South.

3. To oppose as equal; to contend successfully against.
Eternal might To match with their inventions they presumed So easy,
and of his thunder made a scorn. Milton.

4. To make or procure the equal of, or that which is exactly similar
to, or corresponds with; as, to match a vase or a horse; to match
cloth. "Matching of patterns and colors." Swift.

5. To make equal, proportionate, or suitable; to adapt, fit, or suit
(one thing to another).
Let poets match their subject to their strength. Roscommon.

6. To marry; to give in marriage.
A senator of Rome survived, Would not have matched his daughter with
a king. Addison.

7. To fit together, or make suitable for fitting together;
specifically, to furnish with a tongue and a groove, at the edges;
as, to match boards. Matching machine, a planing machine for forming
a tongue or a groove on the edge of a board.

MATCH
Match, v. i.

1. To be united in marriage; to mate.
I hold it a sin to match in my kindred. Shak.
Let tigers match with hinds, and wolves with sheep. Dryden.

2. To be of equal, or similar, size, figure, color, or quality; to
tally; to suit; to correspond; as, these vases match.

MATCHABLE
Match"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being matched; comparable on equal conditions;
adapted to being joined together; correspondent.
 -- Match"a*ble*ness, n.
Sir Walter Raleigh . . . is matchable with the best of the ancients.
Hakewill.

MATCH-CLOTH
Match"-cloth`, n.

Defn: A coarse cloth.

MATCH-COAT
Match"-coat`, n.

Defn: A coat made of match-cloth.

MATCHER
Match"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, matches; a matching machine. See under
3d Match.

MATCH GAME
Match game.

Defn: A game arranged as a test of superiority; also, one of a series
of such games.

MATCHLESS
Match"less, a. Etym: [Cf. Mateless.]

1. Having no equal; unequaled. "A matchless queen." Waller.

2. Unlike each other; unequal; unsuited. [Obs.] "Matchless ears."
Spenser.
 -- Match"less*ly, adv.
 -- Match"less*ness, n.

MATCHLOCK
Match"lock`, n.

Defn: An old form of gunlock containing a match for firing the
priming; hence, a musket fired by means of a match.

MATCHMAKER
Match"mak`er, n.

1. One who makes matches for burning or kinding.

2. One who tries to bring about marriages.

MATCHMAKING
Match"mak`ing, n.

1. The act or process of making matches for kindling or burning.

2. The act or process of trying to bring about a marriage for others.

MATCHMAKING
Match"mak`ing, a.

Defn: Busy in making or contriving marriages; as, a matchmaking
woman.

MATCH PLAY
Match play. (Golf)

Defn: Play in which the score is reckoned by counting the holes won
or lost by each side; -- disting. from medal play.

MATE
Ma"te, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: The Paraguay tea, being the dried leaf of the Brazilian holly
(Ilex Paraguensis). The infusion has a pleasant odor, with an
agreeable bitter taste, and is much used for tea in South America.

MATE
Mate, n. Etym: [F. mat, abbrev. fr. échec et mat. See Checkmate.]
(Chess)

Defn: Same as Checkmate.

MATE
Mate, a.

Defn: See 2d Mat. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MATE
Mate, v. t. Etym: [F. mater to fatigue, enfeeble, humiliate,
checkmate. See Mate checkmate.]

1. To confuse; to confound. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To checkmate.

MATE
Mate, n. Etym: [Perhaps for older make a companion; cf. also OD. maet
companion, mate, D. maat. Cf. Make a companion, Match a mate.]

1. One who customarily associates with another; a companion; an
associate; any object which is associated or combined with a similar
object.

2. Hence, specifically, a husband or wife; and among the lower
animals, one of a pair associated for propagation and the care of
their young.

3. A suitable companion; a match; an equal.
Ye knew me once no mate For you; there sitting where you durst not
soar. Milton.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: An officer in a merchant vessel ranking next below the captain.
If there are more than one bearing the title, they are called,
respectively, first mate, second mate, third mate, etc. In the navy,
a subordinate officer or assistant; as, master's mate; surgeon's
mate.

MATE
Mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mated; p. pr. & vb. n. Mating.]

1. To match; to marry.
If she be mated with an equal husband. Shak.

2. To match one's self against; to oppose as equal; to compete with.
There is no passion in the mind of man so weak but it mates and
masters the fear of death. Bacon.
I, . . . in the way of loyalty and truth, . . . Dare mate a sounder
man than Surrey can be. Shak.

MATE
Mate, v. i.

Defn: To be or become a mate or mates, especially in sexual
companionship; as, some birds mate for life; this bird will not mate
with that one.

MATELASSE
Mate`las`sé", a. [F., p.p. of matelasser to cushion, to cover as with
a mattress, fr. matelas mattress. See Mattress.]

Defn: Ornamented by means of an imitation or suggestion of quilting,
the surface being marked by depressed lines which form squares or
lozenges in relief; as, matelassé silks.

MATELASSE
Mate`las`sé", n.

Defn: A quilted ornamented dress fabric of silk or silk and wool.

MATELESS
Mate"less, a. Etym: [Cf. Matchless.]

Defn: Having no mate.

MATELOTE
Mat"e*lote, n. Etym: [F., fr. matelot a sailor; properly, a dish such
as sailors prepare.]

Defn: A dish of food composed of many kings of fish.

MATELOTE; MATELOTTE
Mat"e*lote, Mat"e*lotte, n. [F. matelote, fr. matelot a sailor;
properly, a dish such as a sailors prepare.]

1. A stew, commonly of fish, flavored with wine, and served with a
wine sauce containing onions, mushrooms, etc.

2.  An old dance of sailors, in double time, and somewhat like a
hornpipe.

MATEOLOGY
Ma`te*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. matéologie.]

Defn: A vain, unprofitable discourse or inquiry. [R.]

MATEOTECHNY
Ma`te*o*tech"ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Any unprofitable science. [Obs.]

MATER
Ma"ter, n. Etym: [L., mother. See Mother.]

Defn: See Alma mater, Dura mater, and Pia mater.

MATERIAL
Ma*te"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. materialis, fr. materia stuff, matter: cf.
F. matériel. See Matter, and cf. MatÉriel.]

1. Consisting of matter; not spiritual; corporeal; physical; as,
material substance or bodies.
The material elements of the universe. Whewell.

2. Hence: Pertaining to, or affecting, the physical nature of man, as
distinguished from the mental or moral nature; relating to the bodily
wants, interests, and comforts.

3. Of solid or weighty character; not insubstantial; of cinsequence;
not be dispensed with; important.
Discourse, which was always material, never trifling. Evelyn.
I shall, in the account of simple ideas, set down only such as are
most material to our present purpose. Locke.

4. (Logic.)

Defn: Pertaining to the matter, as opposed to the form, of a thing.
See Matter. Material cause. See under Cause.
 -- Material evidence (Law), evidence which conduces to the proof or
disproof of a relevant hypothesis. Wharton.

Syn.
 -- Corporeal; bodily; important; weighty; momentous; essential.

MATERIAL
Ma*te"ri*al, n.

Defn: The substance or matter of which anything is made or may be
made. Raw material, any crude, unfinished, or elementary materials
that are adapted to use only by processes of skilled labor. Cotton,
wool, ore, logs, etc., are raw material.

MATERIAL
Ma*te"ri*al, v. t.

Defn: To form from matter; to materialize. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

MATERIALISM
Ma*te"ri*al*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. matérialisme.]

1. The doctrine of materialists; materialistic views and tenets.
The irregular fears of a future state had been supplanted by the
materialism of Epicurus. Buckminster.

2. The tendency to give undue importance to material interests;
devotion to the material nature and its wants.

3. Material substances in the aggregate; matter. [R. & Obs.] A.
Chalmers.

MATERIALIST
Ma*te"ri*al*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. matérialiste.]

1. One who denies the existence of spiritual substances or agents,
and maintains that spiritual phenomena, so called, are the result of
some peculiar organization of matter.

2. One who holds to the existence of matter, as distinguished from
the idealist, who denies it. Berkeley.

MATERIALISTIC; MATERIALISTICAL
Ma*te`ri*al*is"tic, Ma*te`ri*al*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to materialism or materialists; of the nature
of materialism.
But to me his very spiritualism seemed more materialistic than his
physics. C. Kingsley.

MATERIALITY
Ma*te`ri*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. matérialité.]

1. The quality or state of being material; material existence;
corporeity.

2. Importance; as, the materiality of facts.

MATERIALIZATION
Ma*te`ri*al*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of materializing, or the state of being materialized.

MATERIALIZE
Ma*te"ri*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Materialized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Materializing.] Etym: [Cf. F. matérialiser.]

1. To invest wich material characteristics; to make perceptible to
the senses; hence, to present to the mind through the medium of
material objects.
Having wich wonderful art and beauty materialized, if I may so call
it, a scheme of abstracted notions, and clothed the most nice,
refined conceptions of philosophy in sensible images. Tatler.

2. To regard as matter; to consider or explain by the laws or
principles which are appropriate to matter.

3. To cause to assume a character appropriate to material things; to
occupy with material interests; as, to materialize thought.

4. (Spiritualism)

Defn: To make visable in, or as in, a material form; -- said of
spirits.
A female spirit form temporarily materialized, and not
distinguishable from a human being. Epes Sargent.

MATERIALIZE
Ma*te"ri*al*ize, v. i.

Defn: To appear as a material form; to take substantial shape.
[Colloq.]

MATERIALLY
Ma*te"ri*al*ly, adv.

1. In the state of matter.
I do not mean that anything is separable from a body by fire that was
not materially preëxistent in it. Boyle.

2. In its essence; substantially.
An ill intention is certainly sufficient to spoil . . . an act in
itself materially good. South.

3. In an important manner or degree; essentaily; as, it materially
concern us to know the real motives of our actions.

MATERIALNESS
Ma*te"ri*al*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being material.

MATERIA MEDICA
Ma*te"ri*a med"i*ca. Etym: [L. See Matter, and Medical.]

1. Material or substance used in the composition of remedies; -- a
general term for all substances used as curative agents in medicine.

2. That branch of medical science which treats of the nature and
properties of all the substances that are employed for the cure of
diseases.

MATERIARIAN
Ma*te`ri*a"ri*an, n. Etym: [L. materiarius.]

Defn: See Materialist. [Obs.]

MATERIATE; MATERIATED
Ma*te"ri*ate, Ma*te"ri*a`ted, a. Etym: [L. materiatus, p. p. of
materiare to build of wood.]

Defn: Consisting of matter. [Obs.] Bacon.

MATERIATION
Ma*te`ri*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. materiatio woodwork.]

Defn: Act of forming matter. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

MATERIEL
Ma`té`ri`el", n. Etym: [F. See Material.]

Defn: That in a complex system which constitutes the materials, or
instruments employed, in distinction from the personnel, or men; as,
the baggage, munitions, provisions, etc., of an army; or the
buildings, libraries, and apparatus of a college, in distinction from
its officers.

MATERIOUS
Ma*te"ri*ous, a.

Defn: See Material. [Obs.]

MATERNAL
Ma*ter"nal, a. Etym: [F. maternel, L. maternus, fr. mater mother. See
Mother.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a mother; becoming to a mother; motherly;
as, maternal love; maternal tenderness.

Syn.
 -- See Motherly.

MATERNALLY
Ma*ter"nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a motherly manner.

MATERNITY
Ma*ter"ni*ty, n. Etym: [F. maternité, LL. maternitas.]

Defn: The state of being a mother; the character or relation of a
mother.

MATFELON
Mat"fel*on, n. Etym: [W. madfelen.] (Bot.)

Defn: The knapweed (Centaurea nigra).

MATH
Math, n. Etym: [AS. mmawan to mow, G. mahd math. See Mow to cut
(grass).]

Defn: A mowing, or that which is gathered by mowing; -- chiefly used
in composition; as, an aftermath. [Obs.]
The first mowing thereof, for the king's use, is wont to be sooner
than the common math. Bp. Hall.

MATHEMATIC
Math`e*mat"ic, a. Etym: [F. mathématique, L. mathematicus, Gr. mind.
See Mind.]

Defn: See Mathematical.

MATHEMATICAL
Math`e*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Mathematic.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to mathematics; according to mathematics;
hence, theoretically precise; accurate; as, mathematical geography;
mathematical instruments; mathematical exactness.
 -- Math`e*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

MATHEMATICIAN
Math`e*ma*ti"cian, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mathématicien.]

Defn: One versed in mathematics.

MATHEMATICS
Math`e*mat"ics, n. Etym: [F. mathématiques, pl., L. mathematica,
sing., Gr. Mathematic, and -ics.]

Defn: That science, or class of sciences, which treats of the exact
relations existing between quantities or magnitudes, and of the
methods by which, in accordance with these relations, quantities
sought are deducible from other quantities known or supposed; the
science of spatial and quantitative relations.

Note: Mathematics embraces three departments, namely: 1. Arithmetic.
2. Geometry, including Trigonometry and Conic Sections. 3. Analysis,
in which letters are used, including Algebra, Analytical Geometry,
and Calculus. Each of these divisions is divided into pure or
abstract, which considers magnitude or quantity abstractly, without
relation to matter; and mixed or applied, which treats of magnitude
as subsisting in material bodies, and is consequently interwoven with
physical considerations.

MATHER
Math"er, n.

Defn: See Madder.

MATHES
Math"es, n. Etym: [Perh. corrupted fr. L. anthemis camomile, Gr.
(Bot.)

Defn: The mayweed. Cf. Maghet.

MATHESIS
Ma*the"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: Learning; especially, mathematics. [R.] Pope.

MATHURIN
Math"u*rin, n. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: See Trinitarian.

MATICO
Ma*ti"co, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A Peruvian plant (Piper, or Artanthe, elongatum), allied to the
pepper, the leaves of which are used as a styptic and astringent.

MATIE
Mat"ie, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fat herring with undeveloped roe. [Written also matty.] [Eng.
& Scot.]

MATIN
Ma`tin", n. Etym: [F. matin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A French mastiff.

MATIN
Mat"in, n. Etym: [F. fr. L. matutinum the morning, matutinus of the
morning, Matuta the goddess of the morning. See Matutinal.]

1. Morning. [Obs.] Shak.

2. pl. Etym: [F. matines. See Etymol. above.]

Defn: Morning worship or service; morning prayers or songs.
The winged choristers began To chirp their matins. Cleveland.

3. Time of morning service; the first canonical hour in the Roman
Catholic Church.

MATIN
Mat"in, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the morning, or to matins; used in the
morning; matutinal.

MATINAL
Mat"in*al, a.

Defn: Relating to the morning, or to matins; matutinal.

MATINEE
Mat`i*née", n. Etym: [F., from matin. See Matin.]

Defn: A reception, or a musical or dramatic entertainment, held in
the daytime. See SoirÉe.

MATRASS
Ma*trass", n. Etym: [F. matras; perh. so called from its long narrow
neck; cf. OF. matras large arrow, L. materis, mataris, matara, a
Celtic javelin, pike; of Celtic origin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A round-bottomed glass flask having a long neck; a bolthead.

MATRESS
Mat"ress, n.

Defn: See Matress.

MATRIARCH
Ma"tri*arch, n. Etym: [L. mater mother + -arch.]

Defn: The mother and ruler of a family or of her descendants; a ruler
by maternal right.

MATRIARCHAL
Ma`tri*ar"chal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a matriarch; governed by a matriarch.

MATRIARCHATE
Ma"tri*ar"chate, n.

Defn: The office or jurisdiction of a matriarch; a matriarchal form
of government.

MATRICE
Ma"trice, n. Etym: [Cf. F. matrice. See Matrix.]

Defn: See Matrix.

MATRICIDAL
Mat"ri*ci`dal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to matricide.

MATRICIDE
Mat"ri*cide, n. Etym: [L. matricidium; mater mother + coedere to
kill, slay: cf. F. matricide. See Mother, and cf. Homicide.]

1. The murder of a mother by her son or daughter.

2. Etym: [L. matricida: cf. F. matricide.]

Defn: One who murders one's own mother.

MATRICULATE
Ma*tric"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Matriculated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Matriculating.] Etym: [L. matricula a public roll or register, dim.
of matrix a mother, in respect to propagation, also, a public
register. See Matrix.]

Defn: To enroll; to enter in a register; specifically, to enter or
admit to membership in a body or society, particularly in a college
or university, by enrolling the name in a register.
In discovering and matriculating the arms of commissaries from North
America. Sir W. Scott.

MATRICULATE
Ma*tric"u*late, v. i.

Defn: To go though the process of admission to membership, as by
examination and enrollment, in a society or college.

MATRICULATE
Ma*tric"u*late, a.

Defn: Matriculated. Skelton.
 -- n.

Defn: One who is matriculated. Arbuthnot.

MATRICULATION
Ma*tric`u*la"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of matriculating; the state of being
matriculated.

MATRIMOINE
Mat"ri*moine, n.

Defn: Matrimony. [Obs.]

MATRIMONIAL
Mat`ri*mo"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. matrimonialis: cf. F. matrimonial. See
Matrimony.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to marriage; derived from marriage; connubial;
nuptial; hymeneal; as, matrimonial rights or duties.
If he relied upon that title, he could be but a king at courtesy, and
have rather a matrimonial than a regal power. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Connubial; conjugal; sponsal; spousal; nuptial; hymeneal.

MATRIMONIALLY
Mat`ri*mo"ni*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a matrimonial manner.

MATRIMONIOUS
Mat`ri*mo"ni*ous, a.

Defn: Matrimonial. [R.] Milton.

MATRIMONY
Mat"ri*mo*ny, n. Etym: [OE. matrimoine, through Old French, fr. L.
matrimonium, fr. mater mother. See Mother.]

1. The union of man and woman as husband and wife; the nuptial state;
marriage; wedlock.
If either of you know any impediment, why ye may not be lawfully
joined together in matrimony, ye do now confessit. Book of Com.
Prayer (Eng. Ed. )

2. A kind of game at cards played by several persons. Matrimony vine
(Bot.), a climbing thorny vine (Lycium barbarum) of the Potato
family. Gray.

Syn.
 -- Marriage; wedlock. See Marriage.

MATRIX
Ma"trix, n.; pl. Matrices. Etym: [L., fr. mater mother. See Mother,
and cf. Matrice.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The womb.
All that openeth the matrix is mine. Ex. xxxiv. 19.

2. Hence, that which gives form or origin to anything; as:
(a) (Mech.) The cavity in which anything is formed, and which gives
it shape; a die; a mold, as for the face of a type.
(b) (Min.) The earthy or stony substance in which metallic ores or
crystallized minerals are found; the gangue. (c) pl. (Dyeing)

Defn: The five simple colors, black, white, blue, red, and yellow, of
which all the rest are composed.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: The lifeless portion of tissue, either animal or vegetable,
situated between the cells; the intercellular substance.

4. (Math.)

Defn: A rectangular arrangement of symbols in rows and columns. The
symbols may express quantities or operations.

MATRON
Ma"tron, n. Etym: [F. matrone, L. matrona, fr. mater mother. See
Mother.]

1. A wife or a widow, especially, one who has borne children; a woman
of staid or motherly manners.
Your wives, your daughters, Your matrons, and your maids. Shak.
Grave from her cradle, insomuch that she was a matron before she was
a mother. Fuller.

2. A housekeeper; esp., a woman who manages the domestic economy of a
public instution; a head nurse in a hospital; as, the matron of a
school or hospital. Jury of matrons (Law), a jury of experienced
women called to determine the question of pregnancy when set up in
bar of execution, and for other cognate purposes.

MATRONAGE
Mat"ron*age, n.

1. The state of a matron.

2. The collective body of matrons. Burke.
Can a politician slight the feelings and convictions of the whole
matronage of his country Hare.

MATRONAL
Mat"ron*al, a. Etym: [L. matronalis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a matron; suitable to an elderly lady or to
a married woman; grave; motherly.

MATRONHOOD
Ma"tron*hood, n.

Defn: The state of being a matron.

MATRONIZE
Mat"ron*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Matronized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Matronizing.]

1. To make a matron of; to make matronlike.
Childbed matronizes the giddiest spirits. Richardson.

2. To act the part of a marton toward; to superintend; to chaperone;
as, to matronize an assembly.

MATRONLIKE
Ma"tron*like`, a.

Defn: Like a matron; sedate; grave; matronly.

MATRONLY
Ma"tron*ly, a.

1. Advanced in years; elderly.

2. Like, or befitting, a matron; grave; sedate.

MATRONYMIC
Mat`ro*nym"ic, n. Etym: [L. mater mother + -nymic, as in patronimic.]

Defn: See Metronymic.

MATROSS
Ma*tross", n. Etym: [D. matroos, fr. F. matelot.] (Mil.)

Defn: Formerly, in the British service, a gunner or a gunner's mate;
one of the soldiers in a train of artillery, who assisted the gunners
in loading, firing, and sponging the guns. [Obs.]

MATT
Matt, n.

Defn: See Matte. Knight.

MATTAGES
Mat`ta*ges", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shrike or butcher bird; -- written also matagasse. [Prov.
Eng.]

MATTAMORE
Mat"ta*more`, n. Etym: [F. matamore, from Ar. matm.]

Defn: A subterranean repository for wheat.

MATTE
Matte, n. Etym: [F. matte; cf. F. mat, masc., matte, fem., faint,
dull, dim; -- said of metals. See Mate checkmate.]

1. (Metallurgy)

Defn: A partly reduced copper sulphide, obtained by alternately
roasting and melting copper ore in separating the metal from
associated iron ores, and called coarse metal, fine metal, etc.,
according to the grade of fineness. On the exterior it is dark brown
or black, but on a fresh surface is yellow or bronzy in color.

2. A dead or dull finish, as in gilding where the gold leaf is not
burnished, or in painting where the surface is purposely deprived of
gloss.

MATTED
Mat"ted, a. Etym: [See Matte.]

Defn: Having a dull surface; unburnished; as, matted gold leaf or
gilding. Matted glass, glass ornamented with figures on a dull
ground.

MATTED
Mat"ted, a. Etym: [See 3d Mat.]

1. Covered with a mat or mats; as, a matted floor.

2. Tangled closely together; having its parts adhering closely
together; as, matted hair.

MATTER
Mat"ter, n. Etym: [OE. matere, F. matière, fr. L. materia; perh. akin
to L. mater mother. Cf. Mother, Madeira, Material.]

1. That of which anything is composed; constituent substance;
material; the material or substantial part of anything; the
constituent elements of conception; that into which a notion may be
analyzed; the essence; the pith; the embodiment.
He is the matter of virtue. B. Jonson.

2. That of which the sensible universe and all existent bodies are
composed; anything which has extension, occupies space, or is
perceptible by the senses; body; substance.

Note: Matter is usually divided by philosophical writers into three
kinds or classes: solid, liquid, and aëriform. Solid substances are
those whose parts firmly cohere and resist impression, as wood or
stone. Liquids have free motion among their parts, and easily yield
to impression, as water and wine. Aëriform substances are elastic
fluids, called vapors and gases, as air and oxygen gas.

3. That with regard to, or about which, anything takes place or is
done; the thing aimed at, treated of, or treated; subject of action,
discussion, consideration, feeling, complaint, legal action, or the
like; theme. "If the matter should be tried by duel." Bacon.
Son of God, Savior of men ! Thy name Shall be the copious matter of
my song. Milton.
Every great matter they shall bring unto thee, but every small matter
they shall judge. Ex. xviii. 22.

4. That which one has to treat, or with which one has to do; concern;
affair; business.
To help the matter, the alchemists call in many vanities out of
astrology. Bacon.
Some young female seems to have carried matters so far, that she is
ripe for asking advice. Spectator.

5. Affair worthy of account; thing of consequence; importance;
significance; moment; -- chiefly in the phrases what matter no
matter, and the like.
A prophet some, and some a poet, cry; No matter which, so neither of
them lie. Dryden.

6. Inducing cause or occasion, especially of anything disagreeable or
distressing; difficulty; trouble.
And this is the matter why interpreters upon that passage in Hosea
will not consent it to be a true story, that the prophet took a
harlot to wife. Milton.

7. Amount; quantity; portion; space; -- often indefinite.
Away he goes, . . . a matter of seven miles. L' Estrange.
I have thoughts to tarry a small matter. Congreve.
No small matter of British forces were commanded over sea the year
before. Mi
lton.

8. Substance excreted from living animal bodies; that which is thrown
out or discharged in a tumor, boil, or abscess; pus; purulent
substance.

9. (Metaph.)

Defn: That which is permanent, or is supposed to be given, and in or
upon which changes are effected by psychological or physical
processes and relations; -- opposed to form. Mansel.

10. (Print.)

Defn: Written manuscript, or anything to be set in type; copy; also,
type set up and ready to be used, or which has been used, in
printing. Dead matter (Print.), type which has been used, or which is
not to be used, in printing, and is ready for distribution.
 -- Live matter (Print.), type set up, but not yet printed from.
 -- Matter in bar, Matter of fact. See under Bar, and Fact.
 -- Matter of record, anything recorded.
 -- Upon the matter, or Upon the whole matter, considering the whole;
taking all things into view.
Waller, with Sir William Balfour, exceeded in horse, but were, upon
the whole matter, equal in foot. Clarendon.

MATTER
Mat"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Mattered; p. pr. & vb. n. Mattering.]

1. To be of importance; to import; to signify.
It matters not how they were called. Locke.

2. To form pus or matter, as an abscess; to maturate. [R.] "Each
slight sore mattereth." Sir P. Sidney.

MATTER
Mat"ter, v. t.

Defn: To regard as important; to take account of; to care for. [Obs.]
He did not matter cold nor hunger. H. Brooke.

MATTERLESS
Mat"ter*less, a.

1. Not being, or having, matter; as, matterless spirits. Davies
(Wit's Pilgr. ).

2. Unimportant; immaterial. [Obs.]

MATTER-OF-FACT
Mat"ter-of-fact", a.

Defn: Adhering to facts; not turning aside from absolute realities;
not fanciful or imaginative; commonplace; dry.

MATTERY
Mat"ter*y, a.

1. Generating or containing pus; purulent.

2. Full of substance or matter; important. B. Jonson.

MATTING
Mat"ting, n. Etym: [From Mat, v. t. & i.]

1. The act of interweaving or tangling together so as to make a mat;
the process of becoming matted.

2. Mats, in general, or collectively; mat work; a matlike fabric, for
use in covering floors, packing articles, and the like; a kind of
carpeting made of straw, etc.

3. Materials for mats.

4. An ornamental border. See 3d Mat, 4.

MATTING
Mat"ting, n. Etym: [See Matte.]

Defn: A dull, lusterless surface in certain of the arts, as gilding,
metal work, glassmaking, etc.

MATTOCK
Mat"tock, n. Etym: [AS. mattuc; cf. W. matog.]

Defn: An implement for digging and grubbing. The head has two long
steel blades, one like an adz and the other like a narrow ax or the
point of a pickax.
'T is you must dig with mattock and with spade. Shak.

MATTOID
Mat"toid, n. [It. matto mad (cf. L. mattus, matus, drunk) + -oid.]

Defn: A person of congenitally abnormal mind bordering on insanity or
degeneracy.

MATTOIR
Mat*toir", n. [F. matoir.] (Engraving)

Defn: A kind of coarse punch with a rasplike face, used for making a
rough surface on etching ground, or on the naked copper, the effect
after biting being very similar to stippled lines.

MATTOWACCA
Mat`to*wac"ca, n. Etym: [Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American clupeoid fish (Clupea mediocris), similar to the
shad in habits and appearance, but smaller and less esteemed for
food; -- called also hickory shad, tailor shad, fall herring, and
shad herring.

MATTRESS
Mat"tress, n. Etym: [OF. materas, F. matelas, LL. matratium; cf. Sp.
& Pg. almadraque, Pr. almatrac; all from Ar. matsrah a place where
anything is thrown, what is thrown under something, fr. tsaraha to
throw.]

1. A quilted bed; a bed stuffed with hair, moss, or other suitable
material, and quilted or otherwise fastened. [Written also matress.]

2. (Hydraulic Engin.)

Defn: A mass of interwoven brush, poles, etc., to protect a bank from
being worn away by currents or waves.

MATURANT
Mat"u*rant, n. Etym: [L. maturans, p. pr. See Maturate.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicine, or application, which promotes suppuration.

MATURATE
Mat"u*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Maturated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Maturating.] Etym: [L. maturatus, p. p. of maturare to make ripe, fr.
maturus ripe, mature. See Mature, v. & a.]

1. To bring to ripeness or maturity; to ripen.
A tree may be maturated artificially. Fuller.

2. To promote the perfect suppuration of (an abscess).

MATURATE
Mat"u*rate, v. i.

Defn: To ripen; to become mature; specif

MATURATION
Mat`u*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. maturatio a hastening: cf. F.
maturation.]

Defn: The process of bringing, or of coming, to maturity; hence,
specifically, the process of suppurating perfectly; the formation of
pus or matter.

MATURATIVE
Mat"u*ra*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. maturatif.]

Defn: Conducing to ripeness or maturity; hence, conducing to
suppuration.

MATURATIVE
Mat"u*ra*tive, n. (Med.)

Defn: A remedy promoting maturation; a maturant.

MATURE
Ma*ture", a. [Compar. Maturer; superl. Maturest.] Etym: [L. maturus;
prob. akin to E. matin.]

1. Brought by natural process to completeness of growth and
development; fitted by growth and development for any function,
action, or state, appropriate to its kind; full-grown; ripe.
Now is love mature in ear. Tennison.
How shall I meet, or how accost, the sage, Unskilled in speech, nor
yet mature of age Pope.

2. Completely worked out; fully digested or prepared; ready for
action; made ready for destined application or use; perfected; as, a
mature plan.
This lies glowing, . . . and is almost mature for the violent
breaking out. Shak.

3. Of or pertaining to a condition of full development; as, a man of
mature years.

4. Come to, or in a state of, completed suppuration.

Syn.
 -- Ripe; perfect; completed; prepared; digested; ready.
 -- Mature, Ripe. Both words describe fullness of growth. Mature
brings to view the progressiveness of the process; ripe indicates the
result. We speak of a thing as mature when thinking of the successive
stayes through which it has passed; as ripe, when our attention is
directed merely to its state. A mature judgment; mature
consideration; ripe fruit; a ripe scholar.

MATURE
Ma*ture", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Matured; p. pr. & vb. n. Maturing.]
Etym: [See Maturate, Mature.]

Defn: To bring or hasten to maturity; to promote ripeness in; to
ripen; to complete; as, to mature one's plans. Bacon.

MATURE
Ma*ture", v. i.

1. To advance toward maturity; to become ripe; as, wine matures by
age; the judgment matures by age and experience.

2. Hence, to become due, as a note.

MATURELY
Ma*ture"ly, adv.

1. In a mature manner; with ripeness; completely.

2. With caution; deliberately. Dryden.

3. Early; soon. [A Latinism, little used] Bentley.

MATURENESS
Ma*ture"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being mature; maturity.

MATURER
Ma*tur"er, n.

Defn: One who brings to maturity.

MATURESCENT
Mat`u*res"cent, a. Etym: [L. maturescens, p. pr. of maturescere to
become ripe, v. incho. from maturus. See Mature, a.]

Defn: Approaching maturity.

MATURING
Ma*tur"ing, a.

Defn: Approaching maturity; as, maturing fruits; maturing notes of
hand.

MATURITY
Ma*tu"ri*ty, n. Etym: [L. maturitas: cf. F. maturité.]

1. The state or quality of being mature; ripeness; full development;
as, the maturity of corn or of grass; maturity of judgment; the
maturity of a plan.

2. Arrival of the time fixed for payment; a becoming due; termination
of the period a note, etc., has to run.

MATUTINAL
Mat`u*ti"nal, a. Etym: [L. matutinalis, matutinus: cf. F. matutinal.
See Matin.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the morning; early.

MATUTINARY
Ma*tu"ti*na*ry, a.

Defn: Matutinal. [R.]

MATUTINE
Mat"u*tine, a.

Defn: Matutinal. [R.]

MATWEED
Mat"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name of several maritime grasses, as the sea sand-reed
(Ammophila arundinacea) which is used in Holland to bind the sand of
the seacoast dikes (see Beach grass, under Beach); also, the Lygeum
Spartum, a Mediterranean grass of similar habit.

MATY
Mat"y, n. Etym: [Etymology uncertain.]

Defn: A native house servant in India. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

MATZOTH
Matz"oth, n. Etym: [Heb. matstsoth, pl. of matstsah unleavened.]

Defn: A cake of unleavened bread eaten by the Jews at the feast of
the Passover.

MAUCACO
Mau*ca"co, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lemur; -- applied to several species, as the White-fronted,
the ruffed, and the ring-tailed lemurs.

MAUD
Maud, n.

Defn: A gray plaid; -- used by shepherds in Scotland.

MAUDLE
Mau"dle, v. t.

Defn: To throw onto confusion or disorder; to render maudlin. [Obs.]

MAUDLIN
Maud"lin, a. Etym: [From Maudlin, a contr. of Magdalen, OE.
Maudeleyne, who is drawn by painters with eyes swelled and red with
weeping.]

1. Tearful; easily moved to tears; exciting to tears; excessively
sentimental; weak and silly. "Maudlin eyes." Dryden. "Maudlin
eloquence." Roscommon. "A maudlin poetess." Pope. "Maudlin crowd."
Southey.

2. Drunk, or somewhat drunk; fuddled; given to drunkenness.
Maudlin Clarence in his malmsey butt. Byron.

MAUDLIN; MAUDELINE
Maud"lin, Maude"line, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An aromatic composite herb, the costmary; also, the South
European Achillea Ageratum, a kind of yarrow.

MAUDLINISM
Maud"lin*ism, n.

Defn: A maudlin state. Dickens.

MAUDLINWORT
Maud"lin*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The oxeye daisy.

MAUGER; MAUGRE
Mau"ger, Mau"gre, prep. Etym: [OF. maugré, malgré, F. malgré. See
Mal-, Malice, and Agree.]

Defn: In spite of; in opposition to; notwithstanding.
A man must needs love maugre his heed. Chaucer.
This mauger all the world will I keep safe. Shak.

MAUGRE
Mau"gre, v. t.

Defn: To defy. [Obs.] J. Webster.

MAUKIN
Mau"kin, n.

1. See Malkin.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hare. [Scot.]

MAUL
Maul, n. Etym: [See Mall a hammer.]

Defn: A heavy wooden hammer or beetle. [Written also mall.]

MAUL
Maul, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mauled; p. pr. & vb. n. Mauling.]

1. To beat and bruise with a heavy stick or cudgel; to wound in a
coarse manner.
Meek modern faith to murder, hack, and maul. Pope.

2. To injure greatly; to do much harm to.
It mauls not only the person misrepreseted, but him also to whom he
is misrepresented. South.

MAULE
Maule, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The common mallow.

MAULING
Maul"ing, n.

Defn: A severe beating with a stick, cudgel, or the fist.

MAUL-STICK
Maul"-stick`, n. Etym: [G. malerstock; maler a painter + stock
stick.]

Defn: A stick used by painters as a rest for the hand while working.
[Written also mahl-stick.]

MAUMET
Mau"met, n.

Defn: See Mawmet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MAUNCH
Maunch, v. t.

Defn: To munch. [Obs.]

MAUNCH
Maunch, n.

Defn: See Manche.

MAUND
Maund, n. Etym: [AS. mand, mond.]

Defn: A hand basket. [Obs.] Herrick.

MAUND
Maund, n. Etym: [Hind, & Per. man.]

Defn: An East Indian weight, varying in different localities from 25
to about 82 pounds avoirdupois.

MAUND; MAUNDER
Maund, Maund"er, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. mendier to beg, E. mendicant.]

1. To beg. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Beau. & Fl.

2. To mutter; to mumble; to grumble; to speak indistinctly or
disconnectedly; to talk incoherently.
He was ever maundering by the how that he met a party of scarlet
devils. Sir W. Scott.

MAUNDER
Maund"er, v. t.

Defn: To utter in a grumbling manner; to mutter.

MAUNDER
Maund"er, n.

Defn: A beggar. [Obs.]

MAUNDERER
Maund"er*er, n.

Defn: One who maunders.

MAUNDRIL
Maun"dril, n. Etym: [Cf. Mandrel.] (Coa

Defn: A pick with two prongs, to pry with.

MAUNDY COINS; MAUNDY MONEY
Maundy coins or money.

Defn: Silver coins or money of the nominal value of 1d., 2d., 3d.,
and 4d., struck annually for the Maundy alms.

MAUNDY THURSDAY
Maun"dy Thurs"day. Etym: [OE. maunde a command, OF. mandé, L.
mandatum, from mandare to command. See called from the ancient custom
of washing the feet of the poor on this day, which was taken to be
the fulfillment of the "new commandment," John xiii. 5, 34.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The Thursday in Passion week, or next before Good Friday.

MAUNGY
Maun"gy, a.

Defn: Mangy. [Obs.] Skelton.

MAURESQUE
Mau*resque", a. & n.

Defn: See Moresque.

MAURIST
Maur"ist, n. Etym: [From Maurus, the favorite disciple of St.
Benedict.]

Defn: A member of the Congregation of Saint Maur, an offshoot of the
Benedictines, originating in France in the early part of the
seventeenth century. The Maurists have been distinguished for their
interest in literature.

MAUSOLEAN
Mau`so*le"an, a. Etym: [L. Mausoleus. See Mausoleum.]

Defn: Pertaining to a mausoleum; monumental.

MAUSOLEUM
Mau`so*le"um, n.; pl. E. Mausoleums, L. -lea. Etym: [L. mausoleum,
Gr.

Defn: A magnificent tomb, or stately sepulchral monument.

MAUTHER
Mau"ther, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. mæg a maid.] [Also spelled mawther,
mother.]

Defn: A girl; esp., a great, awkward girl; a wench. [Prov. Eng.]

MAUVANILINE
Mauv`an"i*line, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Mauve aniline, under Mauve.

MAUVE
Mauve, n. Etym: [F., mallow, L. malva. So named from the similarity
of the color to that of the petals of common mallow, Malva
sylvestris. See Mallow.]

Defn: A color of a delicate purple, violet, or lilac. Mauve aniline
(Chem.), a dyestuff produced artificially by the oxidation of
commercial aniline, and the first discovered of the so-called coal-
tar, or aniline, dyes. It consists of the sulphate of mauveïne, and
is a dark brown or bronze amorphous powder, which dissolves to a
beatiful purple color. Called also aniline purple, violine, etc.

MAUVEINE
Mauve"ïne, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An artificial organic base, obtained by oxidizing a mixture of
aniline and toluidine, and valuable for the dyestuffs it forms.
[Written also mauvine.]

MAUVINE
Mauv"ine, a.

Defn: Mauve-colored.

MAVERICK
Mav"er*ick, n.

Defn: In the southwestern part of the united States, a bullock or
heifer that has not been branded, and is unclaimed or wild; -- said
to be from Maverick, the name of a cattle owner in Texas who
naglected to brand his cattle.

MAVERICK BRAND
Maverick brand.

Defn: A brand originated by a dishonest cattleman, who, without
owning any stock, gradually accumulates a herd by finding mavericks.
[Western U. S.]

MAVIS
Ma"vis (ma"vîs), n. Etym: [F. mauvis, Arm. milvid, milfid,
milc'hhouid, Corn. melhuez.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European throstle or song thrush (Turdus musicus).

MAVOURNIN; MAVOURNEEN
Ma*vour"nin, Ma*vour"neen  (ma*voor"nen), n. [Ir. mo mhuirnin my
darling; mo my + mhuirnin darling.]

Defn: My darling; -- an Irish term of endearment for a girl or woman.
"Erin mavournin."  Campbell.

MAW
Maw, n. Etym: [See Mew a gull.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gull.

MAW
Maw, n. Etym: [OE. mawe, AS. maga stomach; akin to D. maag, OHG.
mago, G. magen, Icel. magi, Sw. mage, Dan. mave.

1. A stomach; the receptacle into which food is taken by swallowing;
in birds, the craw; -- now used only of the lower animals, exept
humorously or in contempt. Chaucer.
Bellies and maws of living creatures. Bacon.

2. Appetite; inclination. [Obs.]
Unless you had more maw to do me good. Beau. & Fl.
Fish maw. (Zoöl.) See under Fish.

MAW
Maw, n.

Defn: An old game at cards. Sir A. Weldon.

MAWK
Mawk, n. Etym: [OE. mauk, ma, Icel. ma; akin to Dan. maddik, and E.
mad an earthworm. See Mad, n.]

1. A maggot. [Scot.]

2. A slattern; a mawks. [Prov. Eng.]

MAWKIN
Maw"kin, n.

Defn: See Malkin, and Maukin.

MAWKINGLY
Mawk"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Slatternly. [Obs.]

MAWKISH
Mawk"ish, a. Etym: [Orig., maggoty. See Mawk.]

1. Apt to cause satiety or loathing; nauseous; disgusting.
So sweetly mawkish', and so smoothly dull. Pope.

2. Easily disgusted; squeamish; sentimentally fastidious. J. H.
Newman.

MAWKISHLY
Mawk"ish*ly, adv.

Defn: In a mawkish way.

MAWKISHNESS
Mawk"ish*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being mawkish. J. H. Newman.

MAWKS
Mawks, n.

Defn: A slattern; a mawk. [Prov. Eng.]

MAWKY
Mawk"y, a.

Defn: Maggoty. [Prov. Eng.]

MAWMET
Maw"met, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. Mahomet.]

Defn: A puppet; a doll; originally, an idol, because in the Middle
Ages it was generally believed that the Mohammedans worshiped images
representing Mohammed. [Obs.] Wyclif. Beau. & Fl.

MAWMETRY
Maw"met*ry, n.

Defn: The religion of Mohammed; also, idolatry. See Mawmet. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

MAWMISH
Maw"mish, a. Etym: [Prov. E. maum soft, mellow, rotten; cf. OD. molm
rotten wood, G. mulm.]

Defn: Nauseous. [Obs.] L' Estrange.

MAWSEED
Maw"seed`, n. Etym: [Cf. G. magsamen.] (Bot.)

Defn: The seed of the opium poppy.

MAWWORM
Maw"worm`, n. Etym: [Maw the belly + worm.] (Zoöl.)
(a) Any intestinal worm found in the stomach, esp. the common round
worm (Ascaris lumbricoides), and allied species.
(b) One of the larvæ of botflies of horses; a bot.

MAXILLA
Max*il"la, n.; pl. Maxillæ. Etym: [L., dim. of mala jaw, jawbone.]

1. (Anat.)
(a) The bone of either the upper or the under jaw.
(b) The bone, or principal bone, of the upper jaw, the bone of the
lower jaw being the mandible. [Now commonly used in this restricted
sense.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the lower or outer jaws of arthropods.

Note: There are usually two pairs in Crustacea and one pair in
insects. In certain insects they are not used as jaws, but may form
suctorial organs. See Illust. under Lepidoptera, and Diptera.

MAXILLAR; MAXILLARY
Max"il*lar, Max"il*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. maxillaris, fr. maxilla
jawbone, jaw: cf. F. maxillaire.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to either the upper or the lower jaw, but now
usually applied to the upper jaw only.
 -- n.

Defn: The principal maxillary bone; the maxilla.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a maxilla.

MAXILLIFORM
Max*il"li*form, a. Etym: [Maxilla + -form: cf. F. maxilliforme.]

Defn: Having the form, or structure, of a maxilla.

MAXILLIPED
Max*il"li*ped, n. Etym: [Maxilla + L. pes, pedis, foot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the mouth appendages of Crustacea, situated next behind
the maxillæ. Crabs have three pairs, but many of the lower Crustacea
have but one pair of them. Called also jawfoot, and foot jaw.

MAXILLO-MANDIBULAR
Max*il`lo-man*dib"u*lar, a. Etym: [Maxilla + mandibular.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the maxilla and mandible; as, the maxillo-
mandibular nerve.

MAXILLO-PALATINE
Max*il`lo-pal"a*tine, a. Etym: [Maxilla + palatine.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the maxillary and palatine regions of the skull;
as, the maxillo-palatine process of the maxilla. Also used as n.

MAXILLOTURBINAL
Max*il`lo*tur`bi*nal, a. Etym: [Maxilla + turbinal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the maxillary and turbinal regions of the skull.
 -- n.

Defn: The maxillo-turbinal, or inferior turbinate, bone.

MAXIM
Max"im, n. Etym: [F. maxime, L. maxima (sc. sententia), the greatest
sentence, proposition, or axiom, i. e., of the greatest weight or
authority, fem. fr. maximus greatest, superl. of magnus great. See
Magnitude, and cf. Maximum.]

1. An established principle or proposition; a condensed proposition
of important practical truth; an axiom of practical wisdom; an adage;
a proverb; an aphorism.
'T is their maxim, Love is love's reward. Dryden.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The longest note formerly used, equal to two longs, or four
breves; a large.

Syn.
 -- Axiom; aphorism; apothegm; adage; proverb; saying. See Axiom.

MAXIM GUN
Max"im gun`.

Defn: A kind of machine gun; -- named after its inventor, Hiram S.
Maxim.

MAXIMILIAN
Max`i*mil"ian, n. Etym: [From the proper name.]

Defn: A gold coin of Bavaria, of the value of about 13s. 6d.
sterling, or about three dollars and a quarter.

MAXIMIZATION
Max`i*mi*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of increasing to the highest degree.
Bentham.

MAXIMIZE
Max"i*mize, v. t. Etym: [L. maximus greatest.]

Defn: To increase to the highest degree. Bentham.

MAXIMUM
Max"i*mum, n.; pl. Maxima. Etym: [L., neut. from maximus the
greatest. See Maxim.]

Defn: The greatest quantity or value attainable in a given case; or,
the greatest value attained by a quantity which first increases and
then begins to decrease; the highest point or degree; -- opposed to
Ant: minimum.
Good legislation is the art of conducting a nation to the maximum of
happiness, and the minimum of misery. P. Colquhoun.
Maximum thermometer, a thermometer that registers the highest degree
of temperature attained in a given time, or since its last
adjustment.

MAXIMUM
Max"i*mum, a.

Defn: Greatest in quantity or highest in degree attainable or
attained; as, a maximum consumption of fuel; maximum pressure;
maximum heat.

MAY
May, v. [imp. Might] Etym: [AS. pres. mæg I am able, pret. meahte,
mihte; akin to D. mogen, G. mögen, OHG. mugan, magan, Icel. mega,
Goth. magan, Russ. moche. Dismay, Main strength, Might. The old imp.
mought is obsolete, except as a provincial word.]

Defn: An auxiliary verb qualifyng the meaning of another verb, by
expressing: (a) Ability, competency, or possibility; -- now oftener
expressed by can.
How may a man, said he, with idle speech, Be won to spoil the castle
of his health ! Spenser.
For what he [the king] may do is of two kinds; what he may do as
just, and what he may do as possible. Bacon.
For of all sad words of tongue or pen The saddest are these: "It
might have been." Whittier.
(b) Liberty; permission; allowance.
Thou mayst be no longer steward. Luke xvi. 2.
(c) Contingency or liability; possibility or probability.
Though what he learns he speaks, and may advance Some general maxims,
or be right by chance. Pope.
(d) Modesty, courtesy, or concession, or a desire to soften a
question or remark.
How old may Phillis be, you ask. Prior.
(e) Desire or wish, as in prayer, imprecation, benediction, and the
like. "May you live happily." Dryden. May be, and It may be, are used
as equivalent to possibly, perhaps, by chance, peradventure. See 1st
Maybe.

MAY
May, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. mær, Goth. mawi; akin to E. maiden.

Defn: A maiden. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MAY
May, n. Etym: [F. Mai, L. Maius; so named in honor of the goddess
Maia (Gr.

1. The fifth month of the year, containing thirty-one days. Chaucer.

2. The early part or springtime of life.
His May of youth, and bloom of lustihood. Shak.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The flowers of the hawthorn; -- so called from their time of
blossoming; also, the hawthorn.
The palm and may make country houses gay. Nash.
Plumes that micked the may. Tennyson.

4. The merrymaking of May Day. Tennyson. Italian may (Bot.), a
shrubby species of Spiræa (S. hypericifolia) with many clusters of
small white flowers along the slender branches.
 -- May apple (Bot.), the fruit of an American plant (Podophyllum
peltatum). Also, the plant itself (popularly called mandrake), which
has two lobed leaves, and bears a single egg-shaped fruit at the
forking. The root and leaves, used in medicine, are powerfully
drastic.
 -- May beetle, May bug (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of large
lamellicorn beetles that appear in the winged state in May. They
belong to Melolontha, and allied genera. Called also June beetle.
 -- May Day, the first day of May; -- celebrated in the rustic parts
of England by the crowning of a May queen with a garland, and by
dancing about a May pole.
 -- May dew, the morning dew of the first day of May, to which
magical properties were attributed.
 -- May flower (Bot.), a plant that flowers in May; also, its
blossom. See Mayflower, in the vocabulary.
 -- May fly (Zoöl.), any species of Ephemera, and allied genera; --
so called because the mature flies of many species appear in May. See
Ephemeral fly, under Ephemeral.
 -- May game, any May-day sport.
 -- May lady, the queen or lady of May, in old May games.
 -- May lily (Bot.), the lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis).
 -- May pole. See Maypole in the Vocabulary.
 -- May queen, a girl or young woman crowned queen in the sports of
May Day.
 -- May thorn, the hawthorn.

MAYA
Ma"ya, n. (Hindoo Philos.)

Defn: The name for the doctrine of the unreality of matter, called,
in English, idealism; hence, nothingness; vanity; illusion.

MAYAN
Ma"yan, a.

1. Designating, or pertaining to, an American Indian linguistic stock
occupying the Mexican States of Veracruz, Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche,
and Yucatan, together with a part of Guatemala and a part of
Salvador. The Mayan peoples are dark, short, and brachycephallic, and
at the time of the discovery had attained a higher grade of culture
than any other American people. They cultivated a variety of crops,
were expert in the manufacture and dyeing of cotton fabrics, used
cacao as a medium of exchange, and were workers of gold, silver, and
copper. Their architecture comprised elaborately carved temples and
places, and they possessed a superior calendar, and a developed
system of hieroglyphic writing, with records said to go back to about
700 a. d.

2.  Of or pertaining to the Mayas.

MAYAN ARCH; MAYA ARCH
Mayan arch, or Maya arch .

Defn: A form of corbel arch employing regular small corbels.

MAYBE
May"be, adv. Etym: [For it may be.]

Defn: Perhaps; possibly; peradventure.
Maybe the amorous count solicits her. Shak.
In a liberal and, maybe, somewhat reckless way. Tylor.

MAYBE
May"be, a.

Defn: Possible; probable, but not sure. [R.]
Then add those maybe years thou hast to live. Driden.

MAYBE
May"be, n.

Defn: Possibility; uncertainty. [R.]
What they offer is mere maybe and shift. Creech.

MAYBIRD
May"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The whimbrel; -- called also May fowl, May curlew, and May whaap.
(b) The knot. [Southern U. S.]
(c) The bobolink.

MAYBLOOM
May"bloom`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The hawthorn.

MAYBUSH
May"bush`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The hawthorn.

MAYDUKE
May"duke`, n. Etym: [Corrupt. of Médoc, a province in France, where
it is supposed to have originated.]

Defn: A large dark-red cherry of excellent quality.

MAYFISH
May"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A common American minnow (Fundulus majalis). See Minnow.

MAYFLOWER
May"flow`er, n. (Bot.)

Defn: In England, the hawthorn; in New England, the trailing arbutus
(see Arbutus); also, the blossom of these plants.

MAYHAP
May"hap, adv.

Defn: Perhaps; peradventure. [Prov. or Dialectic]

MAYHEM
May"hem, n. Etym: [The same as maim. See Maim.] (Law)

Defn: The maiming of a person by depriving him of the use of any of
his members which are necessary for defense or protection. See Maim.

MAYING
May"ing, n.

Defn: The celebrating of May Day. "He met her once a-Maying." Milton.

MAY LAWS
May laws.

1. See Kulturkampf, above.

2.  In Russia, severe oppressive laws against Jews, which have given
occasion for great persecution; -- so called because they received
the assent of the czar in May, 1882, and because likened to the
Prussian May laws (see Kulturkampf).

MAYONNAISE
Ma`yon`naise", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A sauce compounded of raw yolks of eggs beaten up with olive
oil to the consistency of a sirup, and seasoned with vinegar, pepper,
salt, etc.; -- used in dressing salads, fish, etc. Also, a dish
dressed with this sauce.

MAYOR
May"or, n. Etym: [OE. maire, F. maire, fr. L. major greater, higher,
nobler, compar. of magnus great; cf. Sp. mayor. See Major, and cf.
Merino.]

Defn: The chief magistrate of a city or borough; the chief officer of
a municipal corporation. In some American cities there is a city
court of which the major is chief judge.

MAYORAL
May"or*al, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. mayor greater, L. major.]

Defn: The conductir of a mule team; also, a head shepherd.

MAYORALTY
May"or*al*ty, n.

Defn: The office, or the term of office, of a mayor.

MAYORESS
May"or*ess, n.

Defn: The wife of a mayor.

MAYORSHIP
May"or*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a mayor.

MAYPOLE
May"pole`, n.

Defn: A tall pole erected in an open place and wreathed with flowers,
about which the rustic May-day sports were had.

MAYPOP
May"pop, n. Etym: [Perh. corrupt. fr. maracock.] (Bot.)

Defn: The edible fruit of a passion flower, especially that of the
North American Passiflora incarnata, an oval yellowish berry as large
as a small apple.

MAYWEED
May"weed`, n. (Bot.)
(a) A composite plant (Anthemis Cotula), having a strong odor; dog's
fennel. It is a native of Europe, now common by the roadsides in the
United States.
(b) The feverfew.

MAZAMA; MAZAME
Ma*za"ma, Ma*za"me, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A goatlike antelope (Haplocerus montanus) which inhabits the
Rocky Mountains, frequenting the highest parts; -- called also
mountain goat.

MAZARD
Maz"ard, n. Etym: [Cf. F. merise a wild cherry.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of small black cherry.

MAZARD
Maz"ard, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. mazer, the head being compared to a
large goblet.]

Defn: The jaw; the head or skull. [Obs.] Shak.

MAZARD
Maz"ard, v. t.,

Defn: To knock on the head. [Obs.]

MAZARINE
Maz`a*rine", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Cardinal Mazarin, prime minister of France,
1643-1661. Mazarine Bible, the first Bible, and perhaps the first
complete book, printed with movable metal types; -- printed by
Gutenberg at Mentz, 1450-55; -- so called because a copy was found in
the Mazarine Library, at Paris, about 1760.
 -- Mazarine blue, a deep blue color, named in honor of Cardinal
Mazarin.

MAZARINE
Maz`a*rine", n.

Defn: Mazarine blue.

MAZDEAN
Maz"de*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Ahura-Mazda, or Ormuzd, the beneficent
deity in the Zoroastrian dualistic system; hence, Zoroastrian.

MAZDEISM
Maz"de*ism, n.

Defn: The Zoroastrian religion.

MAZE
Maze, n. Etym: [OE. mase; cf. OE. masen to confuse, puzzle, Norweg.
masast to fall into a slumber, masa to be continually busy, prate,
chatter, Icel. masa to chatter, dial. Sw. masa to bask, be slow, work
slowly and lazily, mas slow, lazy.]

1. A wild fancy; a confused notion. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Confusion of thought; perplexity; uncertainty; state of
bewilderment.

3. A confusing and baffling network, as of paths or passages; an
intricacy; a labyrinth. "Quaint mazes on the wanton green." Shak.
Or down the tempting maze of Shawford brook. Wordaworth.
The ways of Heaven are dark and intricate, Puzzled with mazes, and
perplexed with error. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Labyrinth; intricacy. See Labyrinth.

MAZE
Maze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mazed; p. pr. & vb. n. Mazing.]

Defn: To perplex greatly; to bewilder; to astonish and confuse; to
amaze. South.

MAZE
Maze, v. i.

Defn: To be bewildered. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MAZEDNESS
Maz"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The condition of being mazed; confusion; astonishment. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

MAZEFUL
Maze"ful, a.

Defn: Mazy. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

MAZER
Maz"er, n. Etym: [OE. maser, akin to OD. maser an excrescence on a
maple tree, OHG. masar, G. maser spot, Icel. mösurr maple.]

Defn: A large drinking bowl; -- originally made of maple. [Obs.]
Their brimful mazers to the feasting bring. Drayton.

MAZILY
Ma"zi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a mazy manner.

MAZINESS
Ma"zi*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being mazy.

MAZOLOGICAL
Maz`o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to mazology.

MAZOLOGIST
Ma*zol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in mazology or mastology.

MAZOLOGY
Ma*zol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: Same as Mastology.

MAZOURKA; MAZURKA
Ma*zour"ka, Ma*zur"ka, n.

Defn: A Polish dance, or the music which accompanies it, usually in
3-4 or 3-8 measure, with a strong accent on the second beat.

MAZY
Ma"zy, a. Etym: [From Maze.]

Defn: Perplexed with turns and windings; winding; intricate;
confusing; perplexing; embarrassing; as, mazy error. Milton.
To range amid the mazy thicket. Spenser.
To run the ring, and trace the mazy round. Dryden.

ME
Me, pron.

Defn: One. See Men, pron. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ME
Me, pers. pron. Etym: [AS. m, dat. & acc., mec, acc. only ; akin to
D. mij, G. mich, Icel. & Goth. mik, L. me, Gr. ma, mam. Mine.]

Defn: The person speaking, regarded as an object; myself; a pronoun
of the first person used as the objective and dative case of the
pronoum I; as, he struck me; he gave me the money, or he gave the
money to me; he got me a hat, or he got a hat for me.

Note: In methinks, me is properly in the dative case, and the verb is
impersonal, the construction being, it appears to me. In early use me
was often placed before forms of the verb to be with an adjective;
as, me were lief.
Me rather had my heart might frrl your love Than my unpleased eye see
your courtesy. Shak.

MEACH
Meach, v. i.

Defn: To skulk; to cower. See Mich.

MEACOCK
Mea"cock, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. meek + cock.]

Defn: An uxorious, effeminate, or spiritless man. [Obs.] Johnson.

MEAD
Mead, n. Etym: [OE. mede, AS. meodo; akin to D. mede, G. met, meth,
OHG. metu, mitu, Icel. mjö, Dan. miöd, Sw. mjöd, Russ. med', Lith.
midus, W. medd, Gr. madhu honey, a sweet drink, as adj., sweet.
Metheglin.]

1. A fermented drink made of water and honey with malt, yeast, etc.;
metheglin; hydromel. Chaucer.

2. A drink composed of sirup of sarsaparilla or other flavoring
extract, and water. It is sometimes charged with carbonic acid gas.
[U. S.]

MEAD
Mead, n. Etym: [AS. m. See Meadow.]

Defn: A meadow.
A mede All full of freshe flowers, white and reede. Chaucer.
To fertile vales and dewy meads My weary, wandering steps he leads.
Addison.

MEADOW
Mead"ow, n. Etym: [AS. meady; akin to m, and to G. matte; prob. also
to E. mow. See Mow to cut (grass), and cf. 2d Mead.]

1. A tract of low or level land producing grass which is mown for
hay; any field on which grass is grown for hay.

2. Low land covered with coarse grass or rank herbage near rives and
in marshy places by the sea; as, the salt meadows near Newark Bay.

MEADOW
Mead"ow, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a meadow; of the nature of a meadow;
produced, growing, or living in, a meadow. "Fat meadow ground."
Milton.

Note: For many names of plants compounded with meadow, see the
particular word in the Vocabulary. Meadow beauty. (Bot.) Same as
Deergrass.
 -- Meadow foxtail (Bot.), a valuable pasture grass (Alopecurus
pratensis) resembling timothy, but with softer spikes.
 -- Meadow grass (Bot.), a name given to several grasses of the genus
Poa, common in meadows, and of great value for nay and for pasture.
See Grass.
 -- Meadow hay, a coarse grass, or true sedge, growing in
uncultivated swamp or river meadow; -- used as fodder or bedding for
cattle, packing for ice, etc. [Local, U. S.] -- Meadow hen. (Zoöl.)
(a) The American bittern. See Stake-driver. (b) The American coot
(Fulica). (c) The clapper rail.
 -- Meadow lark (Zoöl.), any species of Sturnella, a genus of
American birds allied to the starlings. The common species (S. magna)
has a yellow breast with a black crescent.
 -- Meadow mouse (Zoöl.), any mouse of the genus Arvicola, as the
common American species A. riparia; -- called also field mouse, and
field vole.
 -- Meadow mussel (Zoöl.), an American ribbed mussel (Modiola
plicatula), very abundant in salt marshes.
 -- Meadow ore (Min.), bog-iron ore , a kind of limonite.
 -- Meadow parsnip. (Bot.) See under Parsnip.
 -- Meadow pink. (Bot.) See under Pink.
 -- Meadow pipit (Zoöl.), a small singing bird of the genus Anthus,
as A. pratensis, of Europe.
 -- Meadow rue (Bot.), a delicate early plant, of the genus
Thalictrum, having compound leaves and numerous white flowers. There
are many species.
 -- Meadow saffron. (Bot.) See under Saffron.
 -- Meadow sage. (Bot.) See under Sage.
 -- Meadow saxifrage (Bot.), an umbelliferous plant of Europe (Silaus
pratensis), somewhat resembling fennel.
 -- Meadow snipe (Zoöl.), the common or jack snipe.

MEADOWSWEET; MEADOWWORT
Mead"ow*sweet`, Mead"ow*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several plants of the genus Spiræa, especially the
white- or pink-flowered S. salicifolia, a low European and American
shrub, and the herbaceous S. Ulmaria, which has fragrant white
flowers in compound cymes.

MEADOWY
Mead"ow*y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to meadows; resembling, or consisting of,
meadow.

MEAGER; MEAGRE
Mea"ger, Mea"gre, a. Etym: [OE. merge, F. maigre, L. macer; akin to
D. & G. mager, Icel. magr, and prob. to Gr. Emaciate, Maigre.]

1. Destitue of, or having little, flesh; lean.
Meager were his looks; Sharp misery had worn him to the bones. Shak.

2. Destitute of richness, fertility, strength, or the like; defective
in quantity, or poor in quality; poor; barren; scanty in ideas;
wanting strength of diction or affluence of imagery. "Meager soil."
Dryden.
Of secular habits and meager religious belief. I. Taylor.
His education had been but meager. Motley.

3. (Min.)

Defn: Dry and harsh to the touch, as chalk.

Syn.
 -- Thin; lean; lank; gaunt; starved; hungry; poor; emaciated;
scanty; barren.

MEAGER; MEAGRE
Mea"ger, Mea"gre, v. t.

Defn: To make lean. [Obs.]

MEAGERLY; MEAGRELY
Mea"ger*ly, Mea"gre*ly, adv.

Defn: Poorly; thinly.

MEAGERNESS; MEAGRENESS
Mea"ger*ness, Mea"gre*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being meager; leanness; scantiness;
barrenness.

MEAGRE
Mea"gre, n. Etym: [F. maigre.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large European sciænoid fish (Sciæna umbra or S. aquila),
having white bloodless flesh. It is valued as a food fish. [Written
also maigre.]

MEAK
Meak, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. m sword, OS. maki, Icel. mækir.]

Defn: A hook with a long handle. [Obs.] Tusser.

MEAKING
Meak"ing, n. Etym: [See Meak.] (Naut.)

Defn: The process of picking out the oakum from the seams of a vessel
which is to be recalked. Meaking iron (Naut.), the tool with which
old oakum is picked out of a vessel's seams.

MEAL
Meal, n. Etym: [OE. mele, AS. m part, portion, portion of time; akin
to E. meal a repast. Cf. Piecemeal.]

Defn: A part; a fragment; a portion. [Obs.]

MEAL
Meal, n. Etym: [OE. mel; akin to E. meal a part, and to D. maal time,
meal, G. mal time, mahl meal, Icel. mal measure, time, meal, Goth. m
time, and to E. measure. See Measure.]

Defn: The portion of food taken at a particular time for the
satisfaction of appetite; the quantity usually taken at one time with
the purpose of satisfying hunger; a repast; the acas, the traveler
has not eaten a good meal for a week; there was silence during the
meal.
What strange fish Hath made his meal on thee Shak.

MEAL
Meal, n. Etym: [OE. mele, AS. melu, melo; akin to D. meel, G. mehl,
OHG. melo, Icel. mjöl, SW. mjöl, Dan. meel, also to D. malen to
grind, G. mahlen, OHG., OS., & Goth. malan, Icel. mala, W. malu, L.
molere, Gr. mill. Mill, Mold soil, Mole an animal, Immolate, Molar.]

1. Grain (esp. maize, rye, or oats) that is coarsely ground and
unbolted; also, a kind of flour made from beans, pease, etc.;
sometimes, any flour, esp. if coarse.

2. Any substance that is coarsely pulverized like meal, but not
granulated. Meal beetle (Zoöl.), the adult of the meal worm. See Meal
worm, below.
 -- Meal moth (Zoöl.), a lepidopterous insect (Asopia farinalis), the
larvæ of which feed upon meal, flour, etc.
 -- Meal worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a beetle (Tenebrio molitor) which
infests granaries, bakehouses, etc., and is very injurious to flour
and meal.

MEAL
Meal, v. t.

1. To sprinkle with, or as with, meal. Shak.

2. To pulverize; as, mealed powder.

MEALIES
Meal"ies, n. pl. Etym: [From Mealy.] (Bot.)

Defn: Maize or Indian corn; -- the common name in South Africa.

MEALINESS
Meal"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being mealy.

MEAL-MOUTHED
Meal"-mouthed`, a.

Defn: See Mealy-mouthed.

MEALTIME
Meal"time`, n.

Defn: The usual time of eating a meal.

MEALY
Meal"y, a. [Compar. Mealier; superl. Mealiest.]

1. Having the qualities of meal; resembling meal; soft, dry, and
friable; easily reduced to a condition resembling meal; as, a mealy
potato.

2. Overspread with something that resembles meal; as, the mealy wings
of an insect. Shak. Mealy bug (Zoöl.), a scale insect (Coccus
adonidum, and related species), covered with a white powderlike
substance. It is a common pest in hothouses.

MEALY-MOUTHED
Meal"y-mouthed`, a.

Defn: Using soft words; plausible; affectedly or timidly delicate of
speech; unwilling to tell the truth in plain language. "Mealy-mouthed
philanthropies." Tennyson.
She was a fool to be mealy-mouthed where nature speaks so plain.
L'Estrange.
-- Meal"y-mouth`ness, n.

MEAN
Mean, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Meant; p. pr. & vb. n. Meaning.] Etym: [OE.
menen, AS. mænan to recite, tell, intend, wish; akin to OS. menian to
have in mind, mean, D. meenen, G. meinen, OHG. meinan, Icel. meina,
Sw. mena, Dan. mene, and to E. mind. Mind, and cf. Moan.]

1. To have in the mind, as a purpose, intention, etc.; to intend; to
purpose; to design; as, what do you mean to do
What mean ye by this service Ex. xii. 26.
Ye thought evil against me; but God meant it unto good. Gen. 1. 20.
I am not a Spaniard To say that it is yours and not to mean it.
Longfellow.

2. To signify; to indicate; to import; to denote.
What mean these seven ewe lambs Gen. xxi. 29.
Go ye, and learn what that me. Matt. ix. 13.

MEAN
Mean, v. i.

Defn: To have a purpose or intention. [Rare, except in the phrase to
mean well, or ill.] Shak.

MEAN
Mean, a. [Compar. Meaner; superl. Meanest.] Etym: [OE. mene, AS. m
wicked; akin to man, a., wicked, n., wickedness, OS. m wickedness,
OHG. mein, G. meineid perjury, Icel. mein harm, hurt, and perh. to
AS. gem common, general, D. gemeen, G. gemein, Goth. gamáins, and L.
communis. The AS. gem prob. influenced the meaning.]

1. Destitute of distinction or eminence; common; low; vulgar; humble.
"Of mean parentage." Sir P. Sidney.
The mean man boweth down, and the great man humbleth himself. Is. ii.
9.

2. Wanting dignity of mind; low-minded; base; destitute of honor;
spiritless; as, a mean motive.
Can you imagine I so mean could prove, To save my life by changing of
my love Dryden.

3. Of little value or account; worthy of little or no regard;
contemptible; despicable.
The Roman legions and great Cæsar found Our fathers no mean foes. J.
Philips.

4. Of poor quality; as, mean fare.

5. Penurious; stingy; close-fisted; illiberal; as, mean hospitality.

Note: Mean is sometimes used in the formation of compounds, the sense
of which is obvious without explanation; as, meanborn, mean-looking,
etc.

Syn.
 -- Base; ignoble; abject; beggarly; wretched; degraded; degenerate;
vulgar; vile; servile; menial; spiritless; groveling; slavish;
dishonorable; disgraceful; shameful; despicable; contemptible;
paltry; sordid. See Base.

MEAN
Mean, a. Etym: [OE. mene, OF. meiien, F. moyen, fr. L. medianus that
is in the middle, fr. medius; akin to E. mid. See Mid.]

1. Occupying a middle position; middle; being about midway between
extremes.
Being of middle age and a mean stature. Sir. P. Sidney.

2. Intermediate in excellence of any kind.
According to the fittest style of lofty, mean, or lowly. Milton.

3. (Math.)

Defn: Average; having an intermediate value between two extremes, or
between the several successive values of a variable quantity during
one cycle of variation; as, mean distance; mean motion; mean solar
day. Mean distance (of a planet from the sun) (Astron.), the average
of the distances throughout one revolution of the planet, equivalent
to the semi-major axis of the orbit.
 -- Mean error (Math. Phys.), the average error of a number of
observations found by taking the mean value of the positive and
negative errors without regard to sign.
 -- Mean-square error, or Error of the mean square (Math. Phys.), the
error the square of which is the mean of the squares of all the
errors; -- called also, especially by European writers, mean error.
 -- Mean line. (Crystallog.) Same as Bisectrix.
 -- Mean noon, noon as determined by mean time.
 -- Mean proportional (between two numbers) (Math.), the square root
of their product.
 -- Mean sun, a fictitious sun supposed to move uniformly in the
equator so as to be on the meridian each day at mean noon.
 -- Mean time, time as measured by an equable motion, as of a perfect
clock, or as reckoned on the supposition that all the days of the
year are of a mean or uniform length, in contradistinction from
apparent time, or that actually indicated by the sun, and from
sidereal time, or that measured by the stars.

MEAN
Mean, n.

1. That which is mean, or intermediate, between two extremes of
place, time, or number; the middle point or place; middle rate or
degree; mediocrity; medium; absence of extremes or excess;
moderation; measure.
But to speak in a mean, the virtue of prosperity is temperance; the
virtue of adversity is fortitude. Bacon.
There is a mean in all things. Dryden.
The extremes we have mentioned, between which the wellinstracted
Christian holds the mean, are correlatives. I. Taylor.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A quantity having an intermediate value between several others,
from which it is derived, and of which it expresses the resultant
value; usually, unless otherwise specified, it is the simple average,
formed by adding the quantities together and dividing by their
number, which is called an arithmetical mean. A geometrical mean is
the square root of the product of the quantities.

3. That through which, or by the help of which, an end is attained;
something tending to an object desired; intermediate agency or
measure; necessary condition or coagent; instrument.
Their virtuous conversation was a mean to work the conversion of the
heathen to Christ. Hooker.
You may be able, by this mean, to review your own scientific
acquirements. Coleridge.
Philosophical doubt is not an end, but a mean. Sir W. Hamilton.

Note: In this sense the word is usually employed in the plural form
means, and often with a singular attribute or predicate, as if a
singular noun.
By this means he had them more at vantage. Bacon.
What other means is left unto us. Shak.

4. pl.

Defn: Hence: Resources; property, revenue, or the like, considered as
the condition of easy livelihood, or an instrumentality at command
for effecting any purpose; disposable force or substance.
Your means are very slender, and your waste is great. Shak.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: A part, whether alto or tenor, intermediate between the soprano
and base; a middle part. [Obs.]
The mean is drowned with your unruly base. Shak.

6. Meantime; meanwhile. [Obs.] Spenser.

7. A mediator; a go-between. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
He wooeth her by means and by brokage. Chaucer.
By all means, certainly; without fail; as, go, by all means.
 -- By any means, in any way; possibly; at all.
If by any means I might attain to the resurrection of the dead. Phil.
iii. ll.
-- By no means, or By no manner of means, not at all; certainly not;
not in any degree.
The wine on this side of the lake is by no means so good as that on
the other. Addison.

MEANDER
Me*an"der, n. Etym: [L. Maeander, orig., a river in Phrygia,
proverbial for its many windings, Gr. méandre.]

1. A winding, crooked, or involved course; as, the meanders of the
veins and arteries. Sir M. Hale.
While lingering rivers in meanders glide. Sir R. Blackmore.

2. A tortuous or intricate movement.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: Fretwork. See Fret.

MEANDER
Me*an"der, v. t.

Defn: To wind, turn, or twist; to make flexuous. Dryton.

MEANDER
Me*an"der, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Meandered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Meandering.]

Defn: To wind or turn in a course or passage; to be intricate.
Five miles meandering with a mazy motion Through wood and dale the
sacred river ran. Coleridge.

MEANDRIAN
Me*an"dri*an, a. Etym: [L. Maeandrius: cf. F. méandrien.]

Defn: Winding; having many turns.

MEANDRINA
Me`an*dri"na, n. Etym: [NL.: cf. F. méandrine.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of corals with meandering grooves and ridges, including
the brain corals.

MEANDROUS; MEANDRY
Me*an"drous, Me*an"dry, a.

Defn: Winding; flexuous.

MEANING
Mean"ing, n.

1. That which is meant or intended; intent; purpose; aim; object; as,
a mischievous meaning was apparent.
If there be any good meaning towards you. Shak.

2. That which is signified, whether by act lanquage; signification;
sence; import; as, the meaning of a hint.

3. Sense; power of thinking. [R.] -- Mean"ing*less, a.
 -- Mean"ing*ly, adv.

MEANLY
Mean"ly, adv. Etym: [Mean middle.]

Defn: Moderately. [Obs.]
A man meanly learned himself, but not meanly affectioned to set
forward learning in others. Ascham.

MEANLY
Mean"ly, adv. Etym: [From Mean low.]

Defn: In a mean manner; unworthily; basely; poorly; ungenerously.
While the heaven-born child All meanly wrapt in the rude manger lies.
Milton.
Would you meanly thus rely On power you know I must obey Prior.
We can not bear to have others think meanly of them [our kindred]. I.
Watts.

MEANNESS
Mean"ness, n.

1. The condition, or quality, of being mean; want of excellence;
poorness; lowness; baseness; sordidness; stinginess.
This figure is of a later date, by the meanness of the workmanship.
Addison.

2. A mean act; as, to be guilty of meanness. Goldsmith.

MEAN-SPIRITED
Mean"-spir`it*ed, a.

Defn: Of a mean spirit; base; groveling.
 -- Mean"-spir`it*ed*ness, n.

MEANT
Meant, imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Mean.

MEANTIME; MEANWHILE
Mean"time`, Mean"while`, n.

Defn: The intervening time; as, in the meantime (or mean time).

MEANTIME; MEANWHILE
Mean"time`, Mean"while`, adv.

Defn: In the intervening time; during the interval.

MEAR
Mear, n.

Defn: A boundary. See Mere. [Obs.]

MEASE
Mease, n. Etym: [Cf. G. mass measure.]

Defn: Five hundred; as, a mease of herrings. [Prov. Eng.]

MEASELRY
Mea"sel*ry, n. Etym: [OE. meselrie, OF. mesellerie. See lst Measle.]

Defn: Leprosy. [Obs.] R. of Brunne.

MEASLE
Mea"sle, n. Etym: [OE. mesel, OF. mesel, LL. misellus, L. misellus
unfortunate, dim. of miser. See Miser.]

Defn: A leper. [Obs.] [Written also meazel, and mesel.] Wyclif (Matt.
x. 8. ).

MEASLE
Mea"sle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tapeworm larva. See 2d Measles, 4.

MEASLED
Mea"sled, a. Etym: [See 2d Measles.]

Defn: Infected or spotted with measles, as pork.
 -- Mea"sled*ness, n.

MEASLES
Mea"sles, n. Etym: [From lst Measle.]

Defn: Leprosy; also, a leper. [Obs.]

MEASLES
Mea"sles, n.; pl. in form, but used as singular in senses 1, 2, & 3.
Etym: [D. mazelen; akin to G. masern, pl., and E. mazer, and orig.
meaning, little spots. See Mazer.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A contagious febrile disorder commencing with catarrhal
symptoms, and marked by the appearance on the third day of an
eruption of distinct red circular spots, which coalesce in a
crescentic form, are slightly raised above the surface, and after the
fourth day of the eruption gradually decline; rubeola.
Measles commences with the ordinary symptoms of fever. Am. Cyc.

2. (Veter. Med.)

Defn: A disease of cattle and swine in which the flesh is filled with
the embryos of different varieties of the tapeworm.

3. A disease of trees. [Obs.]

4. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larvæ of any tapeworm (Tænia) in the cysticerus stage, when
contained in meat. Called also bladder worms.

MEASLY
Mea"sly, a.

1. Infected with measles.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Containing larval tapeworms; -- said of pork and beef.

MEASURABLE
Meas"ur*a*ble, a. Etym: [F. mesurable, L. mensurabilis. See Measure,
and cf. Mensurable.]

1. Capable of being measured; susceptible of mensuration or
computation.

2. Moderate; temperate; not excessive.
Of his diet measurable was he. Chaucer.
-- Meas"ur*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Meas"ur*a*bly, adv.
Yet do it measurably, as it becometh Christians. Latimer.

MEASURE
Meas"ure, n. Etym: [OE. mesure, F. mesure, L. mensura, fr. metiri,
mensus, to measure; akin to metrum poetical measure, Gr. meter. Cf.
Immense, Mensuration, Mete to measure.]

1. A standard of dimension; a fixed unit of quantity or extent; an
extent or quantity in the fractions or multiples of which anything is
estimated and stated; hence, a rule by which anything is adjusted or
judged.

2. An instrument by means of which size or quantity is measured, as a
graduated line, rod, vessel, or the like.
False ells and measures be brought all clean adown. R. of Gloucester.

3. The dimensions or capacity of anything, reckoned according to some
standard; size or extent, determined and stated; estimated extent;
as, to take one's measure for a coat.
The measure thereof is longer than the earth, and broader than the
sea. Job xi. 9.

4. The contents of a vessel by which quantity is measured; a quantity
determined by a standard; a stated or limited quantity or amount.
It is like leaven which a woman took and hid in three measures of
meal. Luke xiii. 21.

5. Extent or degree not excessive or beyong bounds; moderation; due
restraint; esp. in the phrases, in measure; with measure; without or
beyond measure.
Hell hath enlarged herself, and opened her mouth without measure. Is.
v. 14.

6. Determined extent, not to be exceeded; limit; allotted share, as
of action, influence, ability, or the like; due proportion.
Lord, make me to know mine end, and the measure of my days. Ps.
xxxix. 4.

7. The quantity determined by measuring, especially in buying and
selling; as, to give good or full measure.

8. Undefined quantity; extent; degree.
There is a great measure of discretion to be used in the performance
of confession. Jer. Taylor.

9. Regulated division of movement:
(a) (Dancing) A regulated movement corresponding to the time in which
the accompanying music is performed; but, especially, a slow and
stately dane, like the minuet.
(b) (Mus.) (1) The group or grouping of beats, caused by the regular
recurrence of accented beats. (2)

Defn: The space between two bars. See Beat, Triple, Quadruple,
Sextuple, Compound time, under Compound, a., and Figure.
(c) (Poetry) The manner of ordering and combining the quantities, or
long and short syllables; meter; rhythm; hence, a foot; as, a poem in
iambic measure.

10. (Arith.)

Defn: A number which is contained in a given number a number of times
without a remainder; as in the phrases, the common measure, the
greatest common measure, etc., of two or more numbers.

11. A step or definite part of a progressive course or policy; a
means to an end; an act designed for the accomplishment of an object;
as, political measures; prudent measures; an inefficient measure.
His majesty found what wrong measures he had taken in the conferring
that trust, and lamented his error. Clarendon.

12. The act of measuring; measurement. Shak.

13. pl. (Geol.)

Defn: Beds or strata; as, coal measures; lead measures. Lineal, or
Long, measure, measure of length; the measure of lines or distances.
 -- Liquid measure, the measure of liquids.
 -- Square measure, the measure of superficial area of surfaces in
square units, as inches, feet, miles, etc.
 -- To have hard measure, to have harsh treatment meted out to one;
to be harshly or oppressively dealt with.
 -- To take measures, to make preparations; to provide means.
 -- To take one's measure, to measure one, as for a garment; hence,
to form an opinion of one's disposition, character, ability, etc.
 -- To tread a measure, to dance in the style so called. See 9 (a).
Say to her, we have measured many miles To tread a measure with her
on this grass. Shak.

MEASURE
Meas"ure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Measured; p. pr. & vb. n. Measuring.]
Etym: [F. mesurer, L. mensurare. See Measure, n.]

1. To ascertain by use of a measuring instrument; to compute or
ascertain the extent, quantity, dimensions, or capacity of, by a
certain rule or standard; to take the dimensions of; hence, to
estimate; to judge of; to value; to appraise.
Great are thy works, Jehovah, infinite Thy power! what thought can
measure thee Milton.

2. To serve as the measure of; as, the thermometer measures changes
of temperature.

3. To pass throught or over in journeying, as if laying off and
determining the distance.
A true devoted pilgrim is not weary To measure kingdoms with his
feeble steps. Shak.

4. To adjust by a rule or standard.
To secure a contented spirit, measure your desires by your fortunes,
not your fortunes by your desires. Jer. Taylor.

5. To allot or distribute by measure; to set off or apart by measure;
-- often with out or off.
With what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again. Matt.
vii. 2.
That portion of eternity which is called time, measured out by the
sun. Addison.
To measure swords with one, to try another's skill in the use of the
sword; hence, figuratively, to match one's abilities against an
antagonist's.

MEASURE
Meas"ure, v. i.

1. To make a measurement or measurements.

2. To result, or turn out, on measuring; as, the grain measures well;
the pieces measure unequally.

3. To be of a certain size or quantity, or to have a certain length,
breadth, or thickness, or a certain capacity according to a standard
measure; as, cloth measures three fourths of a yard; a tree measures
three feet in diameter.

MEASURED
Meas"ured, a.

Defn: Regulated or determined by a standard; hence, equal; uniform;
graduated; limited; moderated; as, he walked with measured steps; he
expressed himself in no measured terms.
 -- Meas"ured*ly, adv.

MEASURELESS
Meas"ure*less, a.

Defn: Without measure; unlimited; immeasurable.
 -- Meas"ure*less*ness, n.

Syn.
 -- Boundless; limitless; endless; unbounded; unlimited; vast;
immense; infinite; immeasurable. Where Alf, the sacred river ran,
Through canyons measureless to man, Down to a hidden sea. Coleridge

MEASUREMENT
Meas"ure*ment, n.

1. The act or result of measuring; mensuration; as, measurement is
required.

2. The extent, size, capacity, amount. or quantity ascertained by
measuring; as, its measurement is five acres.

MEASURER
Meas"ur*er, n.

Defn: One who measures; one whose occupation or duty is to measure
commondities in market.

MEASURING
Meas"ur*ing, a.

Defn: Used in, or adapted for, ascertaining measurements, or dividing
by measure. Measuring faucet, a faucet which permits only a given
quantity of liquid to pass each time it is opened, or one by means of
which the liquid which passes can be measured.
 -- Measuring worm (Zoöl.), the larva of any geometrid moth. See
Geometrid.

MEAT
Meat, n. Etym: [OE. mete, AS. mete; akin to OS. mat, meti, D. met
hashed meat, G. mettwurst sausage, OHG. maz food, Icel. matr, Sw.
mat, Dan. mad, Goth. mats. Cf. Mast fruit, Mush.]

1. Food, in general; anything eaten for nourishment, either by man or
beast. Hence, the edible part of anything; as, the meat of a lobster,
a nut, or an egg. Chaucer.
And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, . . .
to you it shall be for meat. Gen. i. 29.
Every moving thing that liveth shall be meat for you. Gen. ix. 3.

2. The flesh of animals used as food; esp., animal muscle; as, a
breakfast of bread and fruit without meat.

3. Specifically, dinner; the chief meal. [Obs.] Chaucer. Meat
biscuit. See under Biscuit.
 -- Meat earth (Mining), vegetable mold. Raymond.
 -- Meat fly. (Zoöl.) See Flesh fly, under Flesh.
 -- Meat offering (Script.), an offering of food, esp. of a cake made
of flour with salt and oil.
 -- To go to meat, to go to a meal. [Obs.] -- To sit at meat, to sit
at the table in taking food.

MEAT
Meat, v. t.

Defn: To supply with food. [Obs.] Tusser.
His shield well lined, his horses meated well. Chapman.

MEATAL
Me*a"tal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a meatus; resembling a meatus. Owen.

MEATED
Meat"ed, a.

1. Fed; fattened. [Obs.] Tusser.

2. Having (such) meat; -- used chiefly in composition; as, thick-
meated.

MEATH; MEATHE
Meath, Meathe, n. Etym: [See Mead.]

Defn: A sweet liquor; mead. [Obs.] Chaucer. Milton.

MEATINESS
Meat"i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being meaty.

MEATLESS
Meat"less, a.

Defn: Having no meat; without food.
"Leave these beggars meatless." Sir T. More.

MEATOSCOPE
Me*at"o*scope, n. Etym: [Meatus + -scope.] (Med.)

Defn: A speculum for examining a natural passage, as the urethra.

MEATOTOME
Me*at"o*tome, n. Etym: [Meatus + Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for cutting into the urethra so as to enlarge its
orifice.

MEATUS
Me*a"tus, n. sing. & pl.; E. pl. Meatuses (. Etym: [L., a going,
passage, fr. meare to go.] (Anat.)

Defn: A natural passage or canal; as, the external auditory meatus.
See Illust. of Ear.

MEATY
Meat"y, a.

Defn: Abounding in meat.

MEAW
Meaw, n.

Defn: The sea mew. [Obs.] Spenser.

MEAW
Meaw, v. i.

Defn: See Mew, to cry as a cat.

MEAWL
Meawl, v. i.

Defn: See Mewl, and Miaul.

MEAZEL
Mea"zel, n.

Defn: See 1st Measle. [Obs.]

MEAZLING
Meaz"ling, a.

Defn: Falling in small drops; mistling; mizzing. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

MEBLES
Me"bles, n. pl.

Defn: See Moebles. [Obs.]

MECATE
Me*ca"te, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A rope of hair or of maguey fiber, for tying horses, etc.
[Southwestern U. S.]

MECCAWEE
Mec`ca*wee", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Mecca, in Arabia.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Mecca.

MECHANIC
Me*chan"ic, n. Etym: [F. mécanique mechanics. See Mechanic, a.]

1. The art of the application of the laws of motion or force to
construction. [Obs.]

2. A mechanician; an artisan; an artificer; one who practices any
mechanic art; one skilled or employed in shaping and uniting
materials, as wood, metal, etc., into any kind of structure, machine,
or other object, requiring the use of tools, or instruments.
An art quite lost with our mechanics. Sir T. Browne.

MECHANIC
Me*chan"ic, a. Etym: [F. mécanique, L. mechanicus, Gr. Machine.]

1. Having to do woth the application of the laws of motion in the art
of constructing or making things; of or pertaining to mechanics;
mechanical; as, the mechanic arts. "These mechanic philosophers."
Ray.
Mechanic slaves, With greasy aprons, rules, and hammers. Shak.

2. Of or pertaining to a mechanic or artificer, or to the class of
artisans; hence, rude; common; vulgar.
To make a god, a hero, or a king Descend to a mechanic dialect.
Roscommon.
Sometimes he ply'd the strong, mechanic tool. Thomson.

3. Base. [Obs.] Whitlock.

MECHANICAL
Me*chan"ic*al, a. Etym: [From Mechanic, a.]

1. Pertaining to, governed by, or in accordance with, mechanics, or
the laws of motion; pertaining to the quantitative relations of force
and matter, as distinguished from mental, vital, chemical, etc.; as,
mechanical principles; a mechanical theory; mechanical deposits.

2. Of or pertaining to a machine or to machinery or tools; made or
formed by a machine or with tools; as, mechanical precision;
mechanical products.
We have also divers mechanical arts. Bacon.

3. Done as if by a machine; uninfluenced by will or emotion;
proceeding automatically, or by habit, without special intention or
reflection; as, mechanical singing; mechanical verses; mechanical
service.

4. Made and operated by interaction of forces without a directing
intelligence; as, a mechanical universe.

5. Obtained by trial, by measurements, etc.; approximate; empirical.
See the 2d Note under Geometric. Mechanical effect, effective power;
useful work exerted, as by a machine, in a definite time.
 -- Mechanical engineering. See the Note under Engineering.
 -- Mechanical maneuvers (Mil.), the application of mechanical
appliances to the mounting, dismounting, and moving of artillery.
Farrow.
 -- Mechanical philosophy, the principles of mechanics applied to the
inverstigation of physical phenomena.
 -- Mechanical powers, certain simple instruments, such as the lever
and its modifications (the wheel and axle and the pulley), the
inclined plane with its modifications (the screw and the wedge),
which convert a small force acting throught a great space into a
great force acting through a small space, or vice versa, and are used
separately or in combination.
 -- Mechanical solution (Math.), a solution of a problem by any art
or contrivance not strictly geometrical, as by means of the ruler and
compasses, or other instruments.

MECHANICAL
Me*chan"ic*al, n.

Defn: A mechanic. [Obs.] Shak.

MECHANICALIZE
Me*chan"ic*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To cause to become mechanical.

MECHANICALLY
Me*chan"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a mechanical manner.

MECHANICALNESS
Me*chan"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being mechanical.

MECHANICIAN
Mech`a*ni"cian, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mécanicien. See Mechanic.]

Defn: One skilled in the theory or construction of machines; a
machinist. Boyle.

MECHANICO-CHEMICAL
Me*chan`i*co-chem"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, connected with, or dependent upon, both
mechanics and chemistry; -- said especially of those sciences which
treat of such phenomena as seem to depend on the laws both of
mechanics and chemistry, as electricity and magnetism.

MECHANICS
Me*chan"ics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mécanique.]

Defn: That science, or branch of applied mathematics, which treats of
the action of forces on bodies.

Note: That part of mechanics which considers the action of forces in
producing rest or equilibrium is called statics; that which relates
to such action in producing motion is called dynamics. The term
mechanics includes the action of forces on all bodies, whether solid,
liquid, or gaseous. It is sometimes, however, and formerly was often,
used distinctively of solid bodies only: The mechanics of liquid
bodies is called also hydrostatics, or hydrodynamics, according as
the laws of rest or of motion are considered. The mechanics of
gaseous bodies is called also pneumatics. The mechanics of fluids in
motion, with special reference to the methods of obtaining from them
useful results, constitutes hydraulics. Animal mechanics (Physiol.),
that portion of physiology which has for its object the investigation
of the laws of equilibrium and motion in the animal body. The most
important mechanical principle is that of the lever, the bones
forming the arms of the levers, the contractile muscles the power,
the joints the fulcra or points of support, while the weight of the
body or of the individual limbs constitutes the weight or resistance.
 -- Applied mechanics, the principles of abstract mechanics applied
to human art; also, the practical application of the laws of matter
and motion to the construction of machines and structures of all
kinds.

MECHANISM
Mech"an*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mécanisme, L. mechanisma. See
Mechanic.]

1. The arrangement or relation of the parts of a machine; the parts
of a machine, taken collectively; the arrangement or relation of the
parts of anything as adapted to produce an effect; as, the mechanism
of a watch; the mechanism of a sewing machine; the mechanism of a
seed pod.

2. Mechanical operation or action.
He acknowledges nothing besides matter and motion; so that all must
be performed either by mechanism or accident. Bentley.

3. (Kinematics)

Defn: An ideal machine; a combination of movable bodies constituting
a machine, but considered only with regard to relative movements.

MECHANIST
Mech"an*ist, n.

1. A maker of machines; one skilled in mechanics.

2. One who regards the phenomena of nature as the effects of forces
merely mechanical.

MECHANIZE
Mech"an*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mechanized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Mechanizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. méchaniser.]

Defn: To cause to be mechanical. Shelley.

MECHANOGRAPH
Mech"an*o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: One of a number of copies of anything multiplied mechanically.

MECHANOGRAPHIC
Mech`an*o*graph`ic, a.

1. Treating of mechanics. [R.]

2. Written, copied, or recorded by machinery; produced by
mechanography; as, a mechanographic record of changes of temperature;
mechanographic prints.

MECHANOGRAPHIST
Mech`an*og"ra*phist, n.

Defn: An artist who, by mechanical means, multiplies copies of works
of art.

MECHANOGRAPHY
Mech`an*og"ra*phy, n.

Defn: The art of mechanically multiplying copies of a writing, or any
work of art.

MECHANURGY
Mech"an*ur`gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: That branch of science which treats of moving machines.

MECHITARIST
Mech"i*tar*ist, n. Etym: [From Mechitar, an Armenian., who founded
the congregation in the early part of the eighteenth century.] (Eccl.
Hist.)

Defn: One of a religious congregation of the Roman Catholic Church
devoted to the improvement of Armenians.

MECHLIN
Mech"lin, n.

Defn: A kind of lace made at, or originating in, Mechlin, in Belgium.

MECHOACAN
Me*cho"a*can, n.

Defn: A species of jalap, of very feeble properties, said to be
obtained from the root of a species of Convolvulus (C. Mechoacan); --
so called from Michoacan, in Mexico, whence it is obtained.

MECKELIAN
Meck*e"li*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or discovered by, J. F. Meckel, a German
anatomist. Meckelian cartilage, the cartilaginous rod which forms the
axis of the mandible; -- called also Meckel's cartilage.

MECONATE
Mec"o*nate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. méconate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of meconic acid.

MECONIC
Me*con"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. méconique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, the poppy or opium; specif.
(Chem.), designating an acid related to aconitic acid, found in opium
and extracted as a white crystalline substance.

MECONIDINE
Me*con"i*dine, n. (Chem)

Defn: An alkaloid found in opium, and extracted as a yellow amorphous
substance which is easily decomposed.

MECONIDIUM
Mec`o*nid"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of gonophore produced by hydroids of the genus
Gonothyræa. It has tentacles, and otherwise resembles a free medusa,
but remains attached by a pedicel.

MECONIN
Mec"o*nin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. méconine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A substance regarded as an anhydride of meconinic acid,
existing in opium and extracted as a white crystalline substance.
Also erroneously called meconina, meconia, etc., as though it were an
alkaloid.

MECONINIC
Mec`o*nin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid which occurs in opium,
and which may be obtained by oxidizing narcotine.

MECONIUM
Me*co"ni*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)
(a) Opium. [Obs.]
(b) The contents of the fetal intestine; hence, first excrement.

MEDAL
Med"al, n. Etym: [F. médaille, It. medaglia, fr. L. metallum metal,
through (assumed) LL. metalleus made of metal. See Metal, and cf.
Mail a piece of money.]

Defn: A piece of metal in the form of a coin, struck with a device,
and intended to preserve the remembrance of a notable event or an
illustrious person, or to serve as a reward.

MEDAL
Med"al, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Medaled, or Medalled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Medaling or Medalling.]

Defn: To honor or reward with a medal. "Medaled by the king."
Thackeray.

MEDALET
Med"al*et, n.

Defn: A small medal.

MEDALIST
Med"al*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. médailliste, It. medaglista.] [Written
also medallist.]

1. A person that is skilled or curious in medals; a collector of
medals. Addison.

2. A designer of medals. Macaulay.

3. One who has gained a medal as the reward of merit.

MEDALLIC
Me*dal"lic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a medal, or to medals. "Our medallic
history." Walpole.

MEDALLION
Me*dal"lion, n. Etym: [F. médaillion, It. medaglione, augm. of
medaglia. See Medal.]

1. A large medal or memorial coin.

2. A circular or oval (or, sometimes, square) tablet bearing a figure
or figures represented in relief.

MEDAL PLAY
Med"al play`. (Golf)

Defn: Play in which the score is reckoned by counting the number of
strokes.

MEDALURGY
Med"al*ur`gy, n. Etym: [Medal + the root of Gr.

Defn: The art of making and striking medals and coins. [Written also
medallurgy.]

MEDDLE
Med"dle`, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Meddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Meddling.]
Etym: [OE. medlen to mix, OF. medler, mesler, F. mêler, LL.
misculare, a dim. fr. L. miscere to mix. Mix, and cf. Medley,
Mellay.]

1. To mix; to mingle. [Obs.]
More to know Did never meddle with my thoughts. Shak.

2. To interest or engage one's self; to have to do; -- [Obs.] Barrow.
Study to be quiet, and to meddle with your own business. Tyndale.

3. To interest or engage one's self unnecessarily or impertinently,
to interfere or busy one's self improperly with another's affairs;
specifically, to handle or distrub another's property without
permission; -- often followed by with or in.
Why shouldst thou meddle to thy hurt 2 Kings xiv. 10.
The civil lawyers . . . have meddled in a matter that belongs not to
them. Locke.
To meddle and make, to intrude one's self into another person's
concerns. [Archaic] Shak.

Syn.
 -- To interpose; interfere; intermeddle.

MEDDLE
Med"dle, v. t.

Defn: To mix; to mingle. [Obs.] Chaucer.
"Wine meddled with gall." Wyclif (Matt. xxvii. 34).

MEDDLER
Med"dler, n.

Defn: One who meddles; one who interferes or busies himself with
things in which he has no concern; an officious person; a busybody.

MEDDLESOME
Med"dle*some, a.

Defn: Given to meddling; apt to interpose in the affairs of others;
officiously intrusive.
 -- Med"dle*some*ness, n.

MEDDLING
Med"dling, a.

Defn: Meddlesome. Macaulay.

MEDDLINGLY
Med"dling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a meddling manner.

MEDE
Mede, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Media in Asia.

MEDE
Mede, n.

Defn: See lst & 2d Mead, and Meed. [Obs.]

MEDIA
Me"di*a, n.,

Defn: pl. of Medium.

MEDIA
Me"di*a, n.; pl. Mediæ (-e). Etym: [NL., fr. L. medius middle.]
(Phonetics)

Defn: One of the sonant mutes b, d, g (b, d, g), in Greek, or of
their equivalents in other languages, so named as intermediate
between the tenues, p, t, k (p, t, k), and the aspiratæ (aspirates)
f, th, x (ph or f, th, ch). Also called middle mute, or medial, and
sometimes soft mute.

MEDIACY
Me"di*a*cy, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being mediate. Sir W. Hamilton.

MEDIAEVAL
Me`di*æ"val, a. Etym: [L. medius middle + aevum age. See Middle, and
Age.]

Defn: Of or relating to the Middle Ages; as, mediæval architecture.
[Written also medieval.]

MEDIAEVALISM
Me`di*æ"val*ism, n.

Defn: The method or spirit of the Middle Ages; devotion to the
institutions and practices of the Middle Ages; a survival from the
Middle Ages. [Written also medievalism.]

MEDIAEVALIST
Me`di*æ"val*ist, n.

Defn: One who has a taste for, or is versed in, the history of the
Middle Ages; one in sympathy with the spirit or forms of the Middle
Ages. [Written also medievalist.]

MEDIAEVALLY
Me`di*æ"val*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of the Middle Ages; in accordance with
mediævalism.

MEDIAEVALS
Me`di*æ"vals, n. pl.

Defn: The people who lived in the Middle Ages. Ruskin.

MEDIAL
Me"di*al, a. Etym: [L. medialis, fr. medius middle: cf. F. médial.
See Middle.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a mean or average; mean; as, medial
alligation.

MEDIAL
Me"di*al, n. (Phonetics)

Defn: See 2d Media.

MEDIALUNA
Me"di*a*lu"na, n. Etym: [Sp. media luna half-moon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Half-moon.

MEDIAN
Me"di*an, a. Etym: [L. medianus, fr. medius middle. See Medial.]

1. Being in the middle; running through the middle; as, a median
groove.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated in the middle; lying in a plane dividing a bilateral
animal into right and left halves; -- said of unpaired organs and
parts; as, median coverts. Median line. (a) (Anat.) Any line in the
mesial plane; specif., either of the lines in which the mesial plane
meets the surface of the body. (b) (Geom.) The line drawn from an
angle of a triangle to the middle of the opposite side; any line
having the nature of a diameter.
 -- Median plane (Anat.), the mesial plane.
 -- Median point (Geom.), the point where the three median lines of a
triangle mutually intersect.

MEDIAN
Me"di*an, n. (Geom.)

Defn: A median line or point.

MEDIANT
Me"di*ant, n. Etym: [L. medians, p. p. of mediare to halve: cf. It.
mediante, F. médiante.] (Mus.)

Defn: The third above the keynote; -- so called because it divides
the interval between the tonic and dominant into two thirds.

MEDIASTINAL
Me`di*as*ti"nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a mediastinum.

MEDIASTINE; MEDIASTINUM
Me`di*as"tine, Me`di*as*ti"num, n. Etym: [NL. mediastinum, fr. L.
medius middle; cf. mediastinus helper, a menial servant, LL.
mediastinus equiv. to medius: cf F. médiastin.] (Anat.)

Defn: A partition; a septum; specifically, the folds of the pleura
(and the space included between them) which divide the thorax into a
right and left cavity. The space included between these folds of the
pleura, called the mediastinal space, contains the heart and gives
passage to the esophagus and great blood vessels.

MEDIATE
Me"di*ate, a. Etym: [L. mediatus, p. p. of mediare, v. t., to halve,
v. i., to be in the middle. See Mid, and cf. Moiety.]

1. Being between the two extremes; middle; interposed; intervening;
intermediate. Prior.

2. Acting by means, or by an intervening cause or instrument; not
direct or immediate; acting or suffering through an intervening agent
or condition.

3. Gained or effected by a medium or condition. Bacon.
An act of mediate knowledge is complex. Sir W. Hamilton.

MEDIATE
Me"di*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Mediated; p. pr. & vb. n. Mediating.]
Etym: [LL. mediatus, p. p. of mediare to mediate. See Mediate, a.]

1. To be in the middle, or between two; to intervene. [R.]

2. To interpose between parties, as the equal friend of each, esp.
for the purpose of effecting a reconciliation or agreement; as, to
mediate between nations.

MEDIATE
Me"di*ate, v. t.

1. To effect by mediation or interposition; to bring about as a
mediator, instrument, or means; as, to mediate a peace.

2. To divide into two equal parts. [R.] Holder.

MEDIATELY
Me"di*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a mediate manner; by a secondary cause or agent; not
directly or primarily; by means; -- opposed to immediately.
God worketh all things amongst us mediately. Sir W. Raleigh.
The king grants a manor to A, and A grants a portion of it to B. In
this case. B holds his lands immediately of A, but mediately of the
king. Blakstone.

MEDIATENESS
Me"di*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being mediate.

MEDIATION
Me`di*a"tion, n. Etym: [OE. mediacioun, F. médiation. See Mediate,
a.]

1. The act of mediating; action or relation of anything interposed;
action as a necessary condition, means, or instrument; interposition;
intervention.
The soul [acts] by the mediation of these passions. South.

2. Hence, specifically, agency between parties at variance, with a
view to reconcile them; entreaty for another; intercession. Bacon.

MEDIATIVE
Me"di*a*tive, a.

Defn: Pertaining to mediation; used in mediation; as, mediative
efforts. Beaconsfield.

MEDIATIZATION
Me`di*at`i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. médiatisation.]

Defn: The act of mediatizing.

MEDIATIZE
Me"di*a*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mediatized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Mediatizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. médiatiser.]

Defn: To cause to act through an agent or to hold a subordinate
position; to annex; -- specifically applied to the annexation during
the former German empire of a smaller German state to a larger, while
allowing it a nominal sovereignty, and its prince his rank.
The misfortune of being a mediatized prince. Beaconsfield.

MEDIATOR
Me"di*a`tor, n. Etym: [L. mediator: cf. E. médiateur.]

Defn: One who mediates; especially, one who interposes between
parties at variance for the purpose of reconciling them; hence, an
intercessor.
For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man
Christ Jesus. 1 Tim. ii. 5.

MEDIATORIAL
Me`di*a*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a mediator, or to mediation; mediatory; as,
a mediatorial office.
 -- Me`di*a*to"ri*al*ly, adv.
My measures were . . . healing and mediatorial. Burke.

MEDIATORSHIP
Me"di*a`tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office or character of a mediator.

MEDIATORY
Me"di*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Mediatorial.

MEDIATRESS; MEDIATRIX
Me`di*a"tress, Me`di*a*"trix, n. Etym: [L. mediatrix, f. of mediator:
cf. F. médiatrice.]

Defn: A female mediator.

MEDIC
Med"ic, n. Etym: [L. medica, Gr. Media, from (Bot.)

Defn: A leguminous plant of the genus Medicago. The black medic is
the Medicago lupulina; the purple medic, or lucern, is M. sativa.

MEDIC
Med"ic, a. Etym: [L. medicus.]

Defn: Medical. [R.]

MEDICABLE
Med"i*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. medicabilis, from medicare, medicari, to
heal, fr. medicus physician. See Medical.]

Defn: Capable of being medicated; admitting of being cured or healed.

MEDICAL
Med"ic*al, a. Etym: [LL. medicalis, L. medicus belonging to healing,
fr. mederi to heal; cf. Zend madha medical science, wisdom, gr. mind:
cf. F. médical.]

1. Of, pertaining to, or having to do with, the art of healing
disease, or the science of medicine; as, the medical profession;
medical services; a medical dictionary; medical jurisprudence.

2. Containing medicine; used in medicine; medicinal; as, the medical
properties of a plant.

MEDICALLY
Med"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a medical manner; with reference to healing, or to the
principles of the healing art.

MEDICAMENT
Med"i*ca*ment, n. Etym: [L. medicamentum, fr. medicare, medicari, to
heal: cf. F. médicament. See Medicable.]

Defn: Anything used for healing diseases or wounds; a medicine; a
healing application.

MEDICAMENTAL
Med`ica*men"tal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to medicaments or healing applications; having
the qualities of medicaments.
 -- Med`ica*men"tal*ly, adv.

MEDICASTER
Med"i*cas`ter, n. Etym: [Cf. F. médicastre. See Medical.]

Defn: A quack. [R.] Whitlock.

MEDICATE
Med"i*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Medicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Medicating.] Etym: [L. medicatus, p. p. of medicare, medicari. See
Medicable.]

1. To tincture or impregnate with anything medicinal; to drug.
"Medicated waters." Arbuthnot.

2. To treat with medicine.

MEDICATION
Med`i*ca"tion, Etym: [L. medicatio: cf. F. médication.]

Defn: The act or process of medicating.

MEDICATIVE
Med"i*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Medicinal; acting like a medicine.

MEDICEAN
Med`i*ce"an, a.

Defn: Of or relating to the Medici, a noted Italian family; as, the
Medicean Venus. Medicean planets (Astron.), a name given by Galileo
to the satellites of Jupiter.

MEDICINABLE
Me*dic"i*na*ble, a.

Defn: Medicinal; having the power of healing. [Obs.] Shak.

MEDICINAL
Me*dic"i*nal, a. Etym: [L. medicinalis: cf. F. médicinal. See
Medicine.]

1. Having curative or palliative properties; used for the cure or
alleviation of bodily disorders; as, medicinal tinctures, plants, or
springs.
Drop tears as fast as the Arabian trees Their medicinal gum. Shak.

2. Of or pertaining to medicine; medical.

MEDICINALLY
Me*dic"i*nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a medicinal manner.

MEDICINE
Med"i*cine, n. Etym: [L. medicina (sc. ars), fr. medicinus medical,
fr. medicus: cf. F. médecine. See Medical.]

1. The science which relates to the prevention, cure, or alleviation
of disease.

2. Any substance administered in the treatment of disease; a remedial
agent; a remedy; physic.
By medicine, life may be prolonged. Shak.

3. A philter or love potion. [Obs.] Shak.

4. Etym: [F. médecin.]

Defn: A physician. [Obs.] Shak. Medicine bag, a charm; -- so called
among the North American Indians, or in works relating to them.
 -- Medicine man (among the North American Indians), a person who
professes to cure sickness, drive away evil spirits, and regulate the
weather by the arts of magic.
 -- Medicine seal, a small gem or paste engraved with reversed
characters, to serve as a seal. Such seals were used by Roman
physicians to stamp the names of their medicines.

MEDICINE
Med"i*cine, v. t.

Defn: To give medicine to; to affect as a medicine does; to remedy;
to cure. "Medicine thee to that sweet sleep." Shak.

MEDICO-LEGAL
Med`i*co-le"gal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to law as affected by medical facts.

MEDICOMMISSURE
Med`i*com"mis*sure, n. Etym: [L. medius middle + E. commissure.]
(Anat.)

Defn: A large transverse commissure in the third ventricle of the
brain; the middle or soft commissure. B. G. Wildex.

MEDICORNU
Med`i*cor"nu, n.; pl. Medicornua. Etym: [NL., fr. L. medius middle +
cornu horn.] (Anat.)

Defn: The middle or inferior horn of each lateral ventricle of the
brain. B. G. Wilder.

MEDICS
Med"ics, n.

Defn: Science of medicine. [Obs.]

MEDIETY
Me*di"e*ty, n. Etym: [L. medietas.]

Defn: The middle part; half; moiety. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

MEDIEVAL; MEDIEVALISM; MEDIEVALIST
Me`di*e"val, Me`di*e"val*ism, Me`di*e"val*ist.

Defn: Same as Medi, Medi, etc.

MEDINA EPOCH
Me*di"na ep"och. Etym: [From Medina in New York.] (Geol.)

Defn: A subdivision of the Niagara period in the American upper
Silurian, characterized by the formations known as the Oneida
conglomerate, and the Medina sandstone. See the Chart of Geology.

MEDINO
Me*di"no, n.

Defn: Same as Para.

MEDIOCRAL
Me"di*o`cral, a.

Defn: Mediocre. [R.]

MEDIOCRE
Me"di*o`cre, a. Etym: [F. médiocre, L. mediocris, fr. medius middle.
See Mid.]

Defn: Of a middle quality; of but a moderate or low degree of
excellence; indifferent; ordinary. " A very mediocre poet." Pope.

MEDIOCRE
Me"di*o`cre, n.

1. A mediocre person. [R.]

2. A young monk who was excused from performing a portion of a monk's
duties. Shipley.

MEDIOCRIST
Me"di*o`crist, n.

Defn: A mediocre person. [R.]

MEDIOCRITY
Me`di*oc"ri*ty, n. Etym: [F. médiocrité, L. mediocritas.]

1. The quality of being mediocre; a middle state or degree; a
moderate degree or rate. "A mediocrity of success." Bacon.

2. Moderation; temperance. [Obs.] Hooker.

MEDIOSTAPEDIAL
Me`di*o*sta*pe"di*al, a. Etym: [L. medius middle + E. stapedial.]
(Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to that part of the columella of the ear which, in
some animals, connects the stapes with the other parts of the
columella.
 -- n.

Defn: The mediostapedial part of the columella.

MEDIOXUMOUS
Me`di*ox"u*mous, a. Etym: [L. medioxumus middlemost.]

Defn: Intermediate. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

MEDITANCE
Med"i*tance, n.

Defn: Meditation. [Obs.]

MEDITATE
Med"i*tate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Meditated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Meditating.] Etym: [L. meditatus, p. p. of meditari to meditate; cf.
Gr. mind.]

Defn: To keep the mind in a state of contemplation; to dwell on
anything in thought; to think seriously; to muse; to cogitate; to
reflect. Jer. Taylor.
In his law doth he meditate day and night. Ps. i. 2.

MEDITATE
Med"i*tate, v. t.

1. To contemplate; to keep the mind fixed upon; to study. "Blessed is
the man that doth meditate good things." Ecclus. xiv. 20.

2. To purpose; to intend; to design; to plan by revolving in the
mind; as, to meditate a war.
I meditate to pass the remainder of life in a state of undisturbed
repose. Washington.

Syn.
 -- To consider; ponder; weigh; revolve; study.
 -- To Meditate, Contemplate, Intend. We meditate a design when we
are looking out or waiting for the means of its accomplishment; we
contemplate it when the means are at hand, and our decision is nearly
or quite made. To intend is stronger, implying that we have decided
to act when an opportunity may offer. A general meditates an attack
upon the enemy; he contemplates or intends undertaking it at the
earliest convenient season.

MEDITATION
Med`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [OE. meditacioun, F. méditation, fr. L.
meditatio.]

1. The act of meditating; close or continued thought; the turning or
revolving of a subject in the mind; serious contemplation;
reflection; musing.
Let the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart be
acceptable in thy sight. Ps. xix. 14.

2. Thought; -- without regard to kind. [Obs.]
With wings as swift As meditation or the thoughts of love. Shak.

MEDITATIST
Med"i*ta`tist, n.

Defn: One who is given to meditation.

MEDITATIVE
Med"i*ta*tive, a. Etym: [L. meditativus: cf. F. méditatif.]

Defn: Disposed to meditate, or to meditation; as, a meditative man; a
meditative mood.
 -- Med"i*ta*tive*ly, adv.
 -- Med"i*ta*tive*ness, n.

MEDITERRANEAN
Med`i*ter*ra"ne*an, a. Etym: [L. mediterraneus; medius middle + terra
land. See Mid, and Terrace.]

1. Inclosed, or nearly inclosed, with land; as, the Mediterranean
Sea, between Europe and Africa.

2. Inland; remote from the ocean. [Obs.]
Cities, as well mediterranean as maritime. Holland.

3. Of or pertaining to the Mediterranean Sea; as, Mediterranean
trade; a Mediterranean voyage.

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY
Mediterranean fruit fly.

Defn: A two-winged fly (Ceratitis capitata) with black and white
markings, native of the Mediterranean countries, but now widely
distributed. Its larva lives in ripening oranges, peaches, and other
fruits, causing them to decay and fall.

MEDITERRANEOUS
Med`i*ter*ra"ne*ous, a.

Defn: Inland. Sir T. Browne.

MEDIUM
Me"di*um, n.; pl. L. Media, E. Mediums. Etym: [L. medium the middle,
fr. medius middle. See Mid, and cf. Medius.]

1. That which lies in the middle, or between other things;
intervening body or quantity. Hence, specifically: (a) Middle place
or degree; mean.
The just medium . . . lies between pride and abjection. L'Estrange.
(b) (Math.)

Defn: See Mean.
(c) (Logic) The mean or middle term of a syllogism; that by which the
extremes are brought into connection.

2. A substance through which an effect is transmitted from one thing
to another; as, air is the common medium of sound. Hence: The
condition upon which any event or action occurs; necessary means of
motion or action; that through or by which anything is accomplished,
conveyed, or carried on; specifically, in animal magnetism,
spiritualism, etc., a person through whom the action of another being
is said to be manifested and transmitted.
Whether any other liquors, being made mediums, cause a diversity of
sound from water, it may be tried. Bacon.
I must bring together All these extremes; and must remove all
mediums. Denham.

3. An average. [R.]
A medium of six years of war, and six years of peace. Burke.

4. A trade name for printing and writing paper of certain sizes. See
Paper.

5. (Paint.)

Defn: The liquid vehicle with which dry colors are ground and
prepared for application. Circulating medium, a current medium of
exchange, whether coin, bank notes, or government notes.
 -- Ethereal medium (Physics), the ether.
 -- Medium of exchange, that which is used for effecting an exchange
of commodities -- money or current representatives of money.

MEDIUM
Me"di*um, a.

Defn: Having a middle position or degree; mean; intermediate; medial;
as, a horse of medium size; a decoction of medium strength.

MEDIUM-SIZED
Me"di*um-sized`, a.

Defn: Having a medium size; as, a medium-sized man.

MEDIUS
Me"di*us, n.; pl. Medii. Etym: [NL., fr. L. medius middle. See
Medium.] (Anat.)

Defn: The third or middle finger; the third digit, or that which
corresponds to it.

MEDJIDIE; MEDJIDIEH
Me*dji"di*e, Me*dji"di*eh, n. [Turk. majidieh (prop. fem. a., fr. Ar.
mejid glorious); -- so called after the sultan Abdul Mejid, lit.,
"servant of the Glorious One," i.e., of God.]

1.
 (a) A silver coin of Turkey formerly rated at twenty, but since 1880
at nineteen, piasters (about 83 cents).
 (b) A gold coin of Turkey equal to one hundred piastres ($4.396 or
18s. ¾d.); a lira, or Turkish pound.

2.  A Turkish honorary order established in 1851 by Abdul-Mejid,
having as its badge a medallion surrounded by seven silver rays and
crescents. It is often conferred on foreigners.

MEDLAR
Med"lar, n. Etym: [OE. medler medlar tree, OF. meslier, F. néflier,
L. mespilum, mespilus, Gr. Naseberry.]

Defn: A tree of the genus Mespilus (M. Germanica); also, the fruit of
the tree. The fruit is something like a small apple, but has a bony
endocarp. When first gathered the flesh is hard and austere, and it
is not eaten until it has begun to decay. Japan medlar (Bot.), the
loquat. See Loquat.
 -- Neapolitan medlar (Bot.), a kind of thorn tree (Cratægus
Azarolus); also, its fruit.

MEDLE
Med"le, v. t. Etym: [See Meddle.]

Defn: To mix; to mingle; to meddle. [Written also medly.] [Obs.]
Chaucer.

MEDLEY
Med"ley, n.; pl. Medleys. Etym: [OE. medlee, OF. meslée, medlée,
mellée, F. mêlée. See Meddle, and cf. MelÉe, Mellay.]

1. A mixture; a mingled and confused mass of ingredients, usually
inharmonious; a jumble; a hodgepodge; -- often used contemptuously.
This medley of philosophy and war. Addison.
Love is a medley of endearments, jars, Suspicions, reconcilements,
wars. W. Walsh.

2. The confusion of a hand to hand battle; a brisk, hand to hand
engagement; a mêlée. [Obs.] Holland.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A composition of passages detached from several different
compositions; a potpourri.

Note: Medley is usually applied to vocal, potpourri to instrumental,
compositions.

4. A cloth of mixed colors. Fuller.

MEDLEY
Med"ley, a.

1. Mixed; of mixed material or color. [Obs.] "A medlè coat." Chaucer.

2. Mingled; confused. Dryden.

MEDLY
Med"ly, v. t.

Defn: See Medle. Johnson.

MEDOC
Mé`doc", n. Etym: [Cf. Mayduke.]

Defn: A class of claret wines, including several varieties, from the
district of Médoc in the department of Gironde.

MEDREGAL
Med"re*gal, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Bonito, 3.

MEDRICK
Med"rick, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of gull or tern. [Prov.] Lowell.

MEDULLA
Me*dul"la, n. Etym: [L.]

1. Marrow; pith; hence, essence. [Obs.] Milton.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The marrow of bones; the deep or inner portion of an organ or
part; as, the medulla, or medullary substance, of the kidney;
specifically, the medula oblongata.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A soft tissue, occupying the center of the stem or branch of a
plant; pith. Medulla oblongata. Etym: [L., oblong medulla] (Anat.),
the posterior part of the brain connected with the spinal cord. It
includes all the hindbrain except the cerebellum and pons, and from
it a large part of the cranial nerves arise. It controls very largely
respiration, circulation, swallowing, and other functions, and is the
most vital part of the brain; -- called also bulb of the spinal cord.
See Brain.

MEDULLAR
Me*dul"lar, a.

Defn: See Medullary.

MEDULLARY
Med"ul*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. medullaris, fr. medulla marrow: cf. F.
médullaire.]

1. (Anat.)
(a) Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling, marrow or medulla.
(b) Pertaining to the medula oblongata.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Filled with spongy pith; pithy. Medullary groove (Anat.), a
groove, in the epiblast of the vertebrate blastoderm, the edges of
which unite, making a tube (the medullary canal) from which the brain
and spinal cord are developed.
 -- Medullary rays (Bot.), the rays of cellular tissue seen in a
transverse section of exogenous wood, which pass from the pith to the
bark.
 -- Medullary sheath (Anat.), the layer of white semifluid substance
(myelin), between the primitive sheath and axis cylinder of a
medullated nerve fiber.

MEDULLATED
Me*dul"la*ted, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Furnished with a medulla or marrow, or with a medullary sheath;
as, a medullated nerve fiber.

MEDULLIN
Me*dul"lin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. médulline.] (Bot. Chem.)

Defn: A variety of lignin or cellulose found in the medulla, or pith,
of certain plants. Cf. Lignin, and Cellulose.

MEDUSA
Me*du"sa, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The Gorgon; or one of the Gorgons whose hair was changed into
serpents, after which all who looked upon her were turned into stone.

2. [pl. Medusae (.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any free swimming acaleph; a jellyfish.

Note: The larger medusæ belong to the Discophora, and are sometimes
called covered-eyed medusæ; others, known as naked-eyed medusæ,
belong to the Hydroidea, and are usually developed by budding from
hidroids. See Discophora, Hydroidea, and Hydromedusa. Medusa bud
(Zoöl.), one of the buds of a hydroid, destined to develop into a
gonophore or medusa. See Athecata, and Gonotheca.
 -- Medusa's head. (a) (Zoöl.) An astrophyton. (b) (Astron.) A
cluster of stars in the constellation Perseus. It contains the bright
star Algol.

MEDUSIAN
Me*du"si*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A medusa.

MEDUSIFORM
Me*du"si*form, a. Etym: [Medusa + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling a medusa in shape or structure.

MEDUSOID
Me*du"soid, a. Etym: [Medusa + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like a medusa; having the fundamental structure of a medusa,
but without a locomotive disk; -- said of the sessile gonophores of
hydroids.
 -- n.

Defn: A sessile gonophore. See Illust. under Gonosome.

MEECH
Meech, v. i.

Defn: See Mich. [Obs. or Colloq.]

MEED
Meed, n. Etym: [OE. mede, AS. med, meord; akin to OS. m, OHG. miata,
mieta, G. miethe hire, Goth. mizdo reward, Bohem. & Russ. mzda, Gr.
mistho`s, Skr. midha. sq. root276.]

1. That which is bestowed or rendered in consideration of merit;
reward; recompense.
A rosy garland was the victor's meed. Spenser.

2. Merit or desert; worth.
My meed hath got me fame. Shak.

3. A gift; also, a bride. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MEED
Meed, v. t.

1. To reward; to repay. [Obs.] Waytt.

2. To deserve; to merit. [Obs.] Heywood.

MEEDFUL
Meed"ful, a.

Defn: Worthy of meed, reward, or recompense; meritorious. "Meedful
works." Wiclif.

MEEDFULLY
Meed"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: According to merit; suitably.

MEEK
Meek, a. [Compar. Meeker; superl. Meekest.] Etym: [OE. mek, meoc;
akin to Icel. mj mild, soft, Sw. mjuk, Dan. myg, D. muik, Goth. mukam

1. Mild of temper; not easily provoked or orritated; patient under
injuries; not vain, or haughty, or resentful; forbearing; submissive.
Not the man Moses was very meek. Num. xii. 3.

2. Evincing mildness of temper, or patience; characterized by
mildness or patience; as, a meek answer; a meek face. "Her meek
prayer." Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- Gentle; mild; soft; yielding; pacific; unassuming; humble. See
Gentle.

MEEK; MEEKEN
Meek, Meek"en (-'n), v. t.

Defn: To make meek; to nurture in gentleness and humility. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

MEEKLY
Meek"ly, adv.

Defn: In a meek manner. Spenser.

MEEKNESS
Meek"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being meek.

MEER
Meer, a.

Defn: Simple; unmixed. See Mere, a. [Obs.]

MEER
Meer, n.

Defn: See Mere, a lake.

MEER
Meer, n.

Defn: A boundary. See Mere.

MEERKAT
Meer"kat, n. Etym: [D.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South African carnivore (Cynictis penicillata), allied to the
ichneumons.

MEERSCHAUM
Meer"schaum, n. Etym: [G., lit., sea foam; meer sea + schaum foam;
but it perh. is a corruption of the Tartaric name myrsen. Cf. Mere a
lake, and Scum.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A fine white claylike mineral, soft, and light enough when in
dry masses to float in water. It is a hydrous silicate of magnesia,
and is obtained chiefly in Asia Minor. It is manufacturd into tobacco
pipes, cigar holders, etc. Also called sepiolite.

2. A tobacco pipe made of this mineral.

MEET
Meet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Met; p. pr. & vb. n. Meeting.] Etym: [OE.
meten, AS. m, fr. m, gem, a meeting; akin to OS. m to meet, Icel.
mæta, Goth. gam. See Moot, v. t.]

1. To join, or come in contact with; esp., to come in contact with by
approach from an opposite direction; to come upon or against, front
to front, as distinguished from contact by following and overtaking.

2. To come in collision with; to confront in conflict; to encounter
hostilely; as, they met the enemy and defeated them; the ship met
opposing winds and currents.

3. To come into the presence of without contact; to come close to; to
intercept; to come within the perception, influence, or recognition
of; as, to meet a train at a junction; to meet carriages or persons
in the street; to meet friends at a party; sweet sounds met the ear.
His daughter came out to meet him. Judg. xi. 34.

4. To perceive; to come to a knowledge of; to have personal
acquaintance with; to experience; to suffer; as, the eye met a horrid
sight; he met his fate.
Of vice or virtue, whether blest or curst, Which meets contempt, or
which compassion first. Pope.

5. To come up to; to be even with; to equal; to match; to satisfy; to
ansver; as, to meet one's expectations; the supply meets the demand.
To meet half way, literally, to go half the distance between in order
to meet (one); hence, figuratively, to yield or concede half of the
difference in order to effect a compromise or reconciliation with.

MEET
Meet, v. t.

1. To come together by mutual approach; esp., to come in contact, or
into proximity, by approach from opposite directions; to join; to
come face to face; to come in close relationship; as, we met in the
street; two lines meet so as to form an angle.
O, when meet now Such pairs in love and mutual honor joined ! Milton.

2. To come together with hostile purpose; to have an encounter or
conflict.
Weapons more violent, when next we meet, May serve to better us and
worse our foes. Milton.

3. To assemble together; to congregate; as, Congress meets on the
first Monday of December.
They . . . appointed a day to meet together. 2. Macc. xiv. 21.

4. To come together by mutual concessions; hence, to agree; to
harmonize; to unite. To meet with. (a) To light upon; to find; to
come to; -- often with the sense of unexpectedness.
We met with many things worthy of observation. Bacon.
(b) To join; to unite in company. Shak. (c) To suffer unexpectedly;
as, to meet with a fall; to meet with a loss. (d) To encounter; to be
subjected to.
Prepare to meet with more than brutal fury From the fierce prince.
Rowe.
(e) To obviate. [Obs.] Bacon.

MEET
Meet, n.

Defn: An assembling together; esp., the assembling of huntsmen for
the hunt; also, the persons who so assemble, and the place of
meeting.

MEET
Meet, a. Etym: [OE. mete fitting, moderate, scanty, AS. m moderate;
akin to gemet fit, meet, metan to mete, and G. mässig moderate,
gemäss fitting. See Mete.]

Defn: Suitable; fit; proper; appropriate; qualified; convenient.
It was meet that we should make merry. Luke xv. 32.
To be meet with, to be even with; to be equal to. [Obs.]

MEET
Meet, adv.

Defn: Meetly. [Obs.] Shak.

MEETEN
Meet"en, v. t.

Defn: To render fit. [R.]

MEETER
Meet"er, n.

Defn: One who meets.

MEETH
Meeth

Defn: , Mead. See Meathe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MEETING
Meet"ing, n.

1. A coming together; an assembling; as, the meeting of Congress.

2. A junction, crossing, or union; as, the meeting of the roads or of
two rivers.

3. A congregation; a collection of people; a convention; as, a large
meeting; an harmonius meeting.

4. An assembly for worship; as, to attend meeting on Sunday; -- in
England, applied distinctively and disparagingly to the worshiping
assemblies of Dissenters.

Syn.
 -- Conference; assembly; company; convention; congregation;
junction; confluence; union.

MEETINGHOUSE
Meet"ing*house`, n.

Defn: A house used as a place of worship; a church; -- in England,
applied only to a house so used by Dissenters.

MEETLY
Meet"ly, adv.

Defn: Fitly; suitably; properly.

MEETNESS
Meet"ness, n.

Defn: Fitness; suitableness; propriety.

MEG-; MEGA; MEGALO-
Meg-, Meg"a, Meg"a*lo-. Etym: [Gr. me`gas, gen. mega`loy, great.]

Defn: Combining forms signifying: (a) Great, extended, powerful; as,
megascope, megacosm. (b) (Metric System, Elec., Mech., etc.)

Defn: A million times, a million of; as, megameter, a million meters;
megafarad, a million farads; megohm, a million ohms.

MEGACEPHALIC; MEGACEPHALOUS
Meg`a*ce*phal"ic, Meg`a*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Mega- Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Large headed; -- applied to animals, and to plants when they
have large flower heads.

MEGACEROS
Me*gac"e*ros, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. me`gas great + horn.] (Paleon.)

Defn: The Irish elk.

MEGACHILE
Meg"a*chile, n. Etym: [Mega- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A leaf-cutting bee of the genus Megachilus. See Leaf cutter,
under Leaf.

MEGACOSM
Meg"a*cosm, n. Etym: [Mega- + Gr.

Defn: See Macrocosm. Croft.

MEGACOULOMB
Meg`a*cou`lomb", n. Etym: [Mega- + coulomb.] (Elec.)

Defn: A million coulombs.

MEGADERM
Meg"a*derm, n. Etym: [Mega- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of Old World blood-sucking bats of
the genus Megaderma.

MEGADYNE
Meg"a*dyne, n. Etym: [Mega- + dyne.] (Physics)

Defn: One of the larger measures of force, amounting to one million
dynes.

MEGAFARAD
Meg"a*far`ad, n. Etym: [Mega- + farad.] (Elec.)

Defn: One of the larger measures of electrical capacity, amounting to
one million farads; a macrofarad.

MEGALERG
Meg"a*lerg, n. Etym: [Megalo- + erg.] (Physics)

Defn: A million ergs; a megerg.

MEGALESIAN
Meg`a*le"sian, a. Etym: [L. Megalesius, fr. Gr. Mega`lh the Great, a
surname of Cybele, the Magna Mater.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or in honor of, Cybele; as, the Megalesian games
at Rome.

MEGALETHOSCOPE
Meg`a*leth"o*scope, n. Etym: [Mega- + alethoscope.]

Defn: An optical apparatus in which pictures are viewed through a
large lens with stereoptical effects. It is often combined with the
stereoscope.

MEGALITH
Meg"a*lith, n. Etym: [Mega- + -lith; cf. F. mégalithe.]

Defn: A large stone; especially, a large stone used in ancient
building.
 -- Meg`a*lith"ic, a.

MEGALO-
Meg"a*lo-.

Defn: See Meg-.

MEGALOCEPHALIA; MEGALOCEPHALY
Meg`a*lo*ce*pha"li*a, Meg`a*lo*ceph"a*ly, n. [NL. megalocephalia, fr.
Gr.  having a large head.] (Med.)

Defn: The condition of having an abnormally large head. --
Meg`a*lo*ce*phal"ic (#), a.

MEGALOCYTE
Meg"a*lo*cyte, n. Etym: [Megalo- + Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A large, flattened corpuscle, twice the diameter of the
ordinary red corpuscle, found in considerable numbers in the blood in
profound anæmia.

MEGALOMANIA
Meg`a*lo*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. megalo- + mania.] (Pathol.)

Defn: A form of mental alienation in which the patient has grandiose
delusions.

MEGALONYX
Meg`a*lon"yx, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. me`gas, mega`lh, great + 'o`nyx
claw.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct quaternary mammal, of great size, allied to the
sloth.

MEGALOPHONOUS
Meg`a*loph"o*nous, a. Etym: [Megalo- + Gr. fwnh` voice.]

Defn: Having a loud voice.

MEGALOPOLIS
Meg`a*lop"o*lis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. megalo`polis; me`gas,
mega`lh, great + po`lis city.]

Defn: A chief city; a metropolis. [R.]

MEGALOPS
Meg"a*lops, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. me`gas, -a`loy, large + 'w`ps
eye.] (Zoöl.)

1. A larva, in a stage following the zoëa, in the development of most
crabs. In this stage the legs and abdominal appendages have appeared,
the abdomen is relatively long, and the eyes are large. Also used
adjectively.

2. A large fish; the tarpum.

MEGALOPSYCHY
Meg`a*lop"sy*chy, n. Etym: [Megalo- + Gr.

Defn: Greatness of soul. [Obs. & R.]

MEGALOSAUR; MEGALOSAURUS
Meg"a*lo*saur`, Meg`a*lo*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL. megalosaurus, fr. Gr.
mégalosaure.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A gigantic carnivorous dinosaur, whose fossil remains have been
found in England and elsewhere.

MEGAMETER
Me*gam"e*ter, n. Etym: [Mega- + -meter: cf. F. mégamètre.] (Physics)

1. An instrument for determining longitude by observation of the
stars.

2. A micrometer. [R.] Knight.

MEGAMETER; MEGAMETRE
Meg"a*me`ter, Meg"a*me`tre, n. Etym: [Mega- + meter, metre, n., 2.]

Defn: In the metric system, one million meters, or one thousand
kilometers.

MEGAMPERE
Meg`am`père", n. Etym: [Mega- + ampère.] (Elec.)

Defn: A million ampères.

MEGAPHONE
Meg"a*phone, n. Etym: [Mega- + Gr.

Defn: A device to magnify sound, or direct it in a given direction in
a greater volume, as a very large funnel used as an ear trumpet or as
a speaking trumpet.

MEGAPHYTON
Me*gaph"y*ton, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. me`gas great + fyto`n plant.]
(Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of tree ferns with large, two-ranked leaves,
or fronds.

MEGAPODE
Meg"a*pode, n. Etym: [Mega- + Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large-footed, gallinaceous birds
of the genera Megapodius and Leipoa, inhabiting Australia and other
Pacific islands. See Jungle fowl (b) under Jungle, and Leipoa.

MEGAPOLIS
Me*gap"o*lis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. me`gas great + po`lis city.]

Defn: A metropolis. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

MEGARIAN; MEGARIC
Me*ga"ri*an, Me*gar"ic, a.

Defn: Belonging, or pertaining, to Megara, a city of ancient Greece.
Megarian, or Megaric, school, a school of philosophy established at
Megara, after the death of Socrates, by his disciples, and remarkable
for its logical subtlety.

MEGASCOPE
Meg"a*scope, n. Etym: [Mega- + -scope: cf. F. mégascope.]

Defn: A modification of the magic lantern, used esp. for throwing a
magnified image of an opaque object on a screen, solar or artificial
light being used.

MEGASCOPIC; MEGASCOPICAL
Meg`a*scop"ic, Meg`a*scop"ic*al, a.

1. (Physics) Of or pertaining to the megascope or the projection upon
a screen of images of opaque objects.
 (b) Enlarged or magnified; -- said of images or of photographic
pictures, etc.

2. (Geol.) Large enough to be seen; --said of the larger structural
features and components of rocks which do not require the use of the
microscope to be perceived. Opposed to microscopic.

MEGASEME
Meg"a*seme, a. Etym: [Mega- + Gr. mégasème.] (Anat.)

Defn: Having the orbital index relatively large; having the orbits
narrow transversely; -- opposed to microseme.

MEGASS; MEGASSE
Me"gass", Me*gasse", n.

Defn: See Bagasse.

MEGASTHENE
Meg"as*thene, n. Etym: [Gr. me`gas great + sthe`nos strength.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group which includes the higher orders of mammals,
having a large size as a typical characteristic.

MEGASTHENIC
Meg`as*then"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a typically large size; belonging to the megasthenes.

MEGASTOME
Meg"a*stome, n. Etym: [Gr. me`gas great + sto`ma mouth.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of univalve shells, having a large aperture or
mouth.

MEGATHERE; MEGATHERIUM
Meg"a*there, Meg`a*the"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. megatherium, fr. Gr.
me`gas great + thyri`on beast.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct gigantic quaternary mammal, allied to the ant-eaters
and sloths. Its remains are found in South America.

MEGATHEROID
Meg`a*the"roid, n. Etym: [Megatherium + -oid.] (Paleon.)

Defn: One of a family of extinct edentates found in America. The
family includes the megatherium, the megalonyx, etc.

MEGAVOLT
Meg`a*volt", n. Etym: [Mega- + volt.] (Elec.)

Defn: One of the larger measures of electro-motive force, amounting
to one million volts.

MEGAWEBER
Meg`a*we"ber, n. Etym: [Mega- + weber.] (Elec.)

Defn: A million webers.

MEGERG
Meg"erg`, n. Etym: [Mega- + erg.] (Physics)

Defn: One of the larger measures of work, amounting to one million
ergs; -- called also megalerg.

MEGILP; MEGILPH
Me*gilp", Me*gilph", n. (Paint.)

Defn: A gelatinous compound of linseed oil and mastic varnish, used
by artists as a vehicle for colors. [Written also magilp, and
magilph.]

MEGOHM
Meg"ohm", n. Etym: [Mega- + ohm.] (Elec.)

Defn: One of the larger measures of electrical resistance, amounting
to one million ohms.

MEGRIM
Me"grim, n. Etym: [OE. migrim, migrene, F. migraine, LL. hemigrania,
L. hemicrania, hemicranium, Gr. Hemi- and Cranium, and cf.
Hemicrania, Migraine.]

1. A kind of sick or nevrous headache, usually periodical and
confined to one side of the head.

2. A fancy; a whim; a freak; a humor; esp., in the plural, lowness of
spirits.
These are his megrims, firks, and melancholies. Ford.

3. pl. (Far.)

Defn: A sudden vertigo in a horse, succeeded sometimes by
unconsciousness, produced by an excess of blood in the brain; a mild
form of apoplexy. Youatt.

MEGRIM
Me"grim, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The British smooth sole, or scaldfish (Psetta arnoglossa).

MEIBOMIAN
Mei*bo"mi*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or discovered by, Meibomius. Meibomian
glands, the slender sebaceous glands of the eyelids, which discharge,
through minute orifices in the edges of the lids, a fatty secretion
serving to lubricate the adjacent parts.

MEINE
Meine, v. t.

Defn: See Menge.

MEINE; MEINY
Mein"e, Mein"y, (, n. Etym: [OF. maisniée, maisnie. See Menial.]

1. A family, including servants, etc.; household; retinue; train.
[Obs.] Chaucer. Shak.

2. Company; band; army. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MEIOCENE
Mei"o*cene, a. (Geol.)

Defn: See Miocene.

MEIONITE
Mei"o*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A member of the scapolite, group, occuring in glassy crystals
on Monte Somma, near Naples.

MEIOSIS
Mei*o"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Meionite.] (Rhet.)

Defn: Diminution; a species of hyperbole, representing a thing as
being less than it really is.

MEIOSTEMONOUS
Mei`o*stem"o*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having fever stamens than the parts of the corolla.

MEISTERSINGER
Meis"ter*sing`er, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: See Mastersinger.

MEKHITARIST
Mekh"i*tar*ist, n. (Ecc. Hist.)

Defn: See Mechitarist.

MELACONITE
Me*lac"o*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: An earthy black oxide of copper, arising from the decomposition
of other ores.

MELADA; MELADO
Me*la"da, Me*la"do, n. Etym: [Sp., prop. p. p. of melar to sugar,
candy, fr. L. mel honey. See Molasses.]

Defn: A mixture of sugar and molasses; crude sugar as it comes from
the pans without being drained.

MELAENA
Me*læ"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A discharge from the bowels of black matter, consisting of
altered blood.

MELAIN
Mel"ain, n. Etym: [See Melna.]

Defn: The dark coloring matter of the liquid of the cuttlefish.

MELAINOTYPE
Me*lai"no*type, n.

Defn: See Melanotype.

MELAM
Me"lam, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mélam.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white or buff-colored granular powder,

MELAMINE
Me*lam"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A strong nitrogenous base, C3H6N6, produced from several
cyanogen compounds, and obtained as a white crystalline substance, --
formerly supposed to be produced by the decomposition of melam.
Called also cyanuramide.

MELAMPODE
Mel"am*pode, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The black hellebore. [Obs.] Spenser.

MELAMPYRIN; MELAMPYRITE
Mel`am*py"rin, Mel`am*py"rite, n. Etym: [NL. Melampyrum cowwheat; Gr.
(Chem.)

Defn: The saccharine substance dulcite; -- so called because found in
the leaves of cowwheat (Melampyrum). See Dulcite.

MELANAEMIA
Mel`a*næ"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition in which the blood contains black pigment
either floating freely or imbedded in the white blood corpuscles.

MELANAGOGUE
Me*lan"a*gogue, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine supposed to expel black bile or choler. [Obs.]

MELANCHOLIA
Mel`an*cho"li*a, n. Etym: [L. See Melancholy.] (Med.)

Defn: A kind of mental unsoundness characterized by extreme
depression of spirits, ill-grounded fears, delusions, and brooding
over one particular subject or train of ideas.

MELANCHOLIAN
Mel`an*cho"li*an, n.

Defn: A person affected with melancholy; a melancholic. [Obs.] Dr. J.
Scott.

MELANCHOLIC
Mel"an*chol`ic, a. Etym: [L. melancholicus, Gr. mélancholique.]

Defn: Given to melancholy; depressed; melancholy; dejected; unhappy.
Just as the melancholic eye Sees fleets and armies in the sky. Prior.

MELANCHOLIC
Mel"an*chol`ic, n. [Obs.]

1. One affected with a gloomy state of mind. J. Spenser.

2. A gloomy state of mind; melancholy. Clarendon.

MELANCHOLILY
Mel"an*chol`i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a melancholy manner.

MELANCHOLINESS
Mel"an*chol`i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being melancholy. Hallywell.

MELANCHOLIOUS
Mel`an*cho"li*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. melancholieux.]

Defn: Melancholy. [R.] Milton.

MELANCHOLIST
Mel"an*chol*ist, n.

Defn: One affected with melancholy or dejection. [Obs.] Glanvill.

MELANCHOLIZE
Mel"an*cho*lize, v. i.

Defn: To become gloomy or dejected in mind. Barrow.

MELANCHOLIZE
Mel"an*cho*lize, v. t.

Defn: To make melancholy.

MELANCHOLY
Mel"an*chol*y, n. Etym: [OE. melancolie, F. mélancolie, L.
melancholia, fr. Gr. Malice, and 1st Gall.]

1. Depression of spirits; a gloomy state continuing a considerable
time; deep dejection; gloominess. Shak.

2. Great and continued depression of spirits, amounting to mental
unsoundness; melancholia.

3. Pensive maditation; serious thoughtfulness. [Obs.] "Hail, divinest
Melancholy !" Milton.

4. Ill nature. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MELANCHOLY
Mel"an*chol*y, a.

1. Depressed in spirits; dejected; gloomy dismal. Shak.

2. Producing great evil and grief; causing dejection; calamitous;
afflictive; as, a melancholy event.

3. Somewhat deranged in mind; having the jugment impaired. [Obs.] Bp.
Reynolds.

4. Favorable to meditation; somber.
A pretty, melancholy seat, well wooded and watered. Evelin.

Syn.
 -- Gloomy; sad; dispirited; low-spirited; downhearted; unhappy;
hypochondriac; disconsolate; heavy, doleful; dismal; calamitous;
afflictive.

MELANCONIACEAE
Mel`an*co`ni*a"ce*æ, n. pl. [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A family of fungi constituting the order Melanconiales. --
Mel`an*co`ni*a"ceous (#), a.

MELANCONIALES
Mel`an*co`ni*a"les, n. pl. [NL., fr. Melanconium, name of the typical
genus, fr. Gr.  black +  dust, in allusion to the dark spores.]
(Bot.)

Defn: The smallest of the three orders of Fungi Imperfecti, including
those with no asci nor pycnidia, but as a rule having the spores in
cavities without special walls. They cause many of the plant diseases
known as anthracnose.

MELANESIAN
Mel`a*ne"sian, a. Etym: [Gr. Melanesia was so called from the dark
complexion of the natives.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Melanesia.

MELANGE
Mé`lange", n. Etym: [F. See Mell, Meddle.]

Defn: A mixture; a medley.

MELANIAN
Me*la"ni*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a family of fresh-water pectinibranchiate mollusks,
having a turret-shaped shell.

MELANIC
Me*lan"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Melanotic.

2. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the black-haired races. Prichard.

MELANILINE
Me*lan"i*line, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A complex nitrogenous hydrocarbon obtained artificially (as by
the action of cyanogen chloride on aniline) as a white, crystalline
substance; -- called also diphenyl guanidin.

MELANIN
Mel"a*nin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A black pigment found in the pigment-bearing cells of the skin
(particularly in the skin of the negro), in the epithelial cells of
the external layer of the retina (then called fuscin), in the outer
layer of the choroid, and elsewhere. It is supposed to be derived
from the decomposition of hemoglobin.

MELANISM
Mel"a*nism, n. Etym: [Gr. , , black.]

1. An indue development of dark-colored pigment in the skin or its
appendages; -- the opposite of albinism.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A disease; black jaundice. See Mel.

MELANISTIC
Mel`a*nis"tic, a.

Defn: Affected with melanism; of the nature of melanism.

MELANITE
Mel"a*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. mélanite.] (Min.)

Defn: A black variety of garnet.

MELANOCHROI
Mel`a*noch"ro*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Melanochroic.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: A group of the human race, including the dark whites.

MELANOCHROIC
Mel`a*no*chro"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having a dark complexion; of or pertaining to the Melanochroi.

MELANOCHROITE
Mel`a*no*chro"ite, n. Etym: [See Melanochroic.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a red, or brownish or yellowish red color. It is a
chromate of lead; -- called also phoenicocroite.

MELANOCOMOUS
Mel`a*noc"o*mous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having very dark or black hair; black-haired. Prichard.

MELANOMA
Mel`a*no"ma, n.; L. pl. -nomata (#). [NL.; Gr. , , black + -oma.]
(Med.)
 (a) A tumor containing dark pigment.
 (b) Development of dark-pigmented tumors.

MELANORRHOEA
Mel`a*nor*rhoe"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: An East Indian genus of large trees. Melanorrhoea usitatissima
is the lignum-vitæ of Peru, and yelds a valuable black varnish.

MELANOSCOPE
Me*lan"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Opt.)

Defn: An instrument containing a combination of colored glasses such
that they transmit only red light, so that objects of other colors,
as green leaves, appear black when seen through it. It is used for
viewing colored flames, to detect the presence of potassium, lithium,
etc., by the red light which they emit.

MELANOSIS
Mel`a*no"sis, Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The morbid deposition of black matter, often of a malignant
character, causing pigmented tumors.

MELANOSPERM
Me*lan"o*sperm, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: An alga of any kind that produces blackish spores, or seed
dust. The melanosperms include the rockweeds and all kinds of kelp.
 -- Mel`a*no*sper"mous, a.

MELANOTIC
Mel`a*not"ic

Defn: , Melanistic.

MELANOTYPE
Me*lan"o*type, n. Etym: [Gr. -type.] (Photog.)

Defn: A positive picture produced with sensitized collodion on a
smooth surface of black varnish, coating a thin plate of iron; also,
the process of making such a picture. [Written also melainotype.]

MELANTERITE
Me*lan"ter*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous sulphate of iron of a green color and vitreous
luster; iron vitriol.

MELANURE
Mel"a*nure, n. Etym: [NL. melanurus, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small fish of the Mediterranean; a gilthead. See Gilthead
(a).

MELANURIC
Mel`a*nu"ric, a. Etym: [Melam + urea.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid
obtained by decomposition of melam, or of urea, as a white
crystalline powder; -- called also melanurenic acid.

MELAPHYRE
Mel"a*phyre, n. Etym: [F., fr. Gr. phyre porphyry.] (Min.)

Defn: Any one of several dark-colored augitic, eruptive rocks allied
to basalt.

MELASMA
Me*las"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A dark discoloration of the skin, usually local; as, Addison's
melasma, or Addison's disease.
 -- Me*las"mic, a.

MELASSES
Me*las"ses, n.

Defn: See Molasses.

MELASSIC
Me*las"sic, a. Etym: [See Molasses.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from molasses
or glucose, and probably identical with saccharic acid. See
Saccharic.

MELASTOMA
Me*las"to*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of evergreen tropical shrubs; -- so called from the
black berries of some species, which stain the mouth.

MELASTOMACEOUS
Mel`a*sto*ma"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to the order of which Melastoma is the type.

MELCHITE
Mel"chite, n. Etym: [Heb. melek king.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect, chiefly in Syria and Egypt, which acknowledges
the authority of the pope, but adheres to the liturgy and ceremonies
of the Eastern Church.

MELD
Meld, v. t. & i.  [imp. & p. p. Melded; p. pr. & vb. n. Melding.] [G.
melden to announce.] (Card Playing)

Defn: In the game of pinochle, to declare or announce for a score;
as, to meld a sequence.

MELD
Meld, n. (Card Playing)

Defn: Any combination or score which may be declared, or melded, in
pinochle.

MELEAGRINE
Mel`e*a"grine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the genus Meleagris.

MELEAGRIS
Mel`e*a"gris, n. Etym: [L., the Guinea fowl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of American gallinaceous birds, including the common
and the wild turkeys.

MELEE
Mê`lée", n. Etym: [F., fr. mêler to mix. See Meddle, Mell, and cf.
Mellay.]

Defn: A fight in which the combatants are mingled

MELENA
Me*le"na, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Mel.

MELENE
Mel"ene, n. Etym: [Melissic + ethylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C30H60, of the ethylene series,
obtained from beeswax as a white, scaly, crystalline wax; -- called
also melissene, and melissylene.

MELENITE
Mel"e*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. me`li honey.]

Defn: An explosive of great destructive power; -- so called from its
color, which resembles honey.

MELETIN
Mel"e*tin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Quercitin.

MELEZITOSE
Me*lez"i*tose`, n. Etym: [F. mélèze the larch + melitose.] (Chem.)

Defn: A variety of sugar, isomeric with sucrose, extracted from the
manna of the larch (Larix). [Written also melicitose.]

MELIACEOUS
Me`li*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to a natural order (Meliacæ) of plants of which the
genus Melia is the type. It includes the mahogany and the Spanish
cedar.

MELIBEAN; MELIBOEAN
Mel`i*be"an, Mel`i*boe"an, a. Etym: [From L. Meliboeus, one of the
interlocutors in Virgil's first Eclogue.] (Rhet.)

Defn: Alternately responsive, as verses.

MELIC
Mel"ic, Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to song; lyric; tuneful.

MELICEROUS
Me*lic"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. meliceris a kind of tumor, fr. Gr. me`li
honey + (Med.)

Defn: Consisting of or containing matter like honey; -- said of
certain encysted tumors.

MELIC GRASS
Mel"ic grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of grasses (Melica) of little agricultural importance.

MELICOTOON
Mel`i*co*toon", n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Melocoton.

MELICRATORY
Me*lic"ra*to*ry, n. Etym: [Gr. meli`kraton.]

Defn: A meadlike drink. [Obs.]

MELILITE
Mel"i*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. me`li honey + -lite; cf. F. mélilithe.]
(Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in small yellow crystals, found in the
lavas (melilite basalt) of Vesuvius, and elsewhere. [Written also
mellilite.]

MELILOT
Mel"i*lot, n. Etym: [F. mélilot, L. melilotus, fr. Gr. me`li honey +
(Bot.)

Defn: Any species of Melilotus, a genus of leguminous herbs having a
vanillalike odor; sweet clover; hart's clover. The blue melilot
(Melilotus cærulea) is used in Switzerland to give color and flavor
to sapsago cheese.

MELILOTIC
Mel`i*lot"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, sweet clover or meliot;
specifically, designating an acid of the aromatic series, obtained
from melilot as a white crystalline substance.

MELINITE
Mé"lin*ite, n. [F.] (Chem.)

Defn: A high explosive similar to lyddite, consisting principally of
picric acid, used in the French military service.

MELIORATE
Mel"io*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Meliorated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Meliorating.] Etym: [L. melioratus, p. p. of meliorare to meliorate,
fr. melior better; akin to Gr. Ameliorate.]

Defn: To make better; to improve; to ameliorate; to soften; to make
more tolerable.
Nature by art we nobly meliorate. Denham.
The pure and bening light of revelation has had a meliorating
influence on mankind. Washington.

MELIORATE
Mel"io*rate, v. i.

Defn: To grow better.

MELIORATER
Mel"io*ra`ter, n.

Defn: Same as Meliorator.

MELIORATION
Mel`io*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. melioratio.]

Defn: The act or operation of meliorating, or the state of being
meliorated; improvement. Bacon.

MELIORATOR
Mel"io*ra`tor, n.

Defn: One who meliorates.

MELIORISM
Mel"io*rism, n. Etym: [From L. melior better.]

Defn: The doctrine that there is a tendency throughout nature toward
improvement. J. Sully.

MELIORITY
Mel*ior"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. melioritas, fr. L. melior. See
Meliorate.]

Defn: The state or quality of being better; melioration. [Obs.]
Bacon.

MELIPHAGAN
Me*liph"a*gan, a. Etym: [Gr. me`li honey + (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the genus Meliphaga.

MELIPHAGAN
Me*liph"a*gan, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird of the genus Meliphaga and allied genera; a honey
eater; -- called also meliphagidan.

MELIPHAGOUS
Me*liph"a*gous, a. Etym: [See Meliphagan.] (Zool.)

Defn: Eating, or feeding upon, honey.

MELISMA
Me*lis"ma, n.; pl. Melismata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Mus.)
(a) A piece of melody; a song or tune, -- as opposed to recitative or
musical declamation.
(b) A grace or embellishment.

MELISSA
Me*lis"sa, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. me`lissa a bee, honey.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of labiate herbs, including the balm, or bee balm
(Melissa officinalis).

MELISSIC
Me*lis"sic, a. Etym: [Gr. me`lissa a bee, honey.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, beeswax; specif., denoting an
acid obtained by oxidation of myricin.

MELISSYL
Me*lis"syl, n. Etym: [Melissic +yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Myricyl.

MELISSYLENE
Me*lis"sy*lene, n. Etym: [Melissic + -yl + -ene.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Melene.

MELITOSE
Mel"i*tose`, n. Etym: [Gr. me`li honey.] (Chem.)

Defn: A variety of sugar isomeric with sucrose, extracted from cotton
seeds and from the so-called Australian manna (a secretion of certain
species of Eucalyptus).

MELL
Mell, v. i. & t. Etym: [F. mêler, OF. meller, mester. See Meddle.]

Defn: To mix; to meddle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MELL
Mell, n. Etym: [See Mellifluous.]

Defn: Honey. [Obs.] Warner.

MELL
Mell, n.

Defn: A mill. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MELLATE
Mel"late, n. Etym: [L. mel, mellis, honey. Cf. Mellitate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A mellitate. [R.]

MELLAY
Mel"lay, n.

Defn: A mêlée; a conflict. Tennyson.

MELLIC
Mel"lic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: See Mellitic. [R.]

MELLIFEROUS
Mel*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. mellifer; mel, mellis, honey + ferre to
bear.]

Defn: Producing honey.

MELLIFIC
Mel*lif"ic, a. Etym: [L. mel, mellis, honey + -ficare (in comp.) to
make. See -fy.]

Defn: Producing honey.

MELLIFICATION
Mel`li*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. mellificare to make honey: cf. F.
mellification. See Mellific.]

Defn: The making or production of honey.

MELLIFLUENCE
Mel*lif"lu*ence, n.

Defn: A flow of sweetness, or a sweet, smooth flow.

MELLIFLUENT
Mel*lif"lu*ent, a. Etym: [L. mellifluens. See Mellifluous.]

Defn: Flowing as with honey; smooth; mellifluous.

MELLIFLUENTLY
Mel*lif"lu*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a mellifluent manner.

MELLIFLUOUS
Mel*lif"lu*ous, a. Etym: [L. mellifluus; mel, mellis, honey (akin to
Gr. milip) + fluere to flow. See Mildew, Fluent, and cf. Marmalade.]

Defn: Flowing as with honey; smooth; flowing sweetly or smoothly; as,
a mellifluous voice.
 -- Mel*lif"lu*ous*ly, adv.

MELLIGENOUS
Mel*lig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. mel, mellis + -genous.]

Defn: Having the qualities of honey. [R.]

MELLIGO
Mel*li"go, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Honeydew.

MELLILOQUENT
Mel*lil"o*quent, a. Etym: [L. mel, mellis honey + loquens speaking,
p. pr. of loqui to speak.]

Defn: Speaking sweetly or harmoniously.

MELLIPHAGAN
Mel*liph"a*gan, n.

Defn: See Meliphagan.

MELLIPHAGOUS
Mel*liph"a*gous, a.

Defn: See Meliphagous.

MELLITATE
Mel"li*tate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mellitate. See Mellitic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of mellitic acid.

MELLITE
Mel"lite, n. Etym: [L. mel, mellis, honey: cf. F. mellite.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a honey color, found in brown coal, and partly the
result of vegetable decomposition; honeystone. It is a mellitate of
alumina.

MELLITIC
Mel*lit"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. mellitique. See Mellite.] (Chem.)
(a) Containing saccharine matter; marked by saccharine secretions;
as, mellitic diabetes.
(b) Pertaining to, or derived from, the mineral mellite. Mellitic
acid (Chem.), a white, crystalline, organic substance, C6(CO2H)6,
occurring naturally in combination with aluminium in the mineral
mellite, and produced artificially by the oxidation of coal,
graphite, etc., and hence called also graphitic acid.

MELLONE
Mel"lone, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow powder, C6H3N9, obtained from certain sulphocyanates.
It has acid properties and forms compounds called mellonides.

MELLONIDE
Mel"lon*ide, n.

Defn: See Mellone.

MELLOW
Mel"low, a. [Compar. Mellower; superl. Mellowest.] Etym: [OE. melwe;
cf. AS. mearu soft, D. murw, Prov. G. mollig soft, D. malsch, and E.
meal flour.]

1. Soft or tender by reason of ripeness; having a tender pulp; as, a
mellow apple.

2. Hence:
(a) Easily worked or penetrated; not hard or rigid; as, a mellow
soil. "Mellow glebe." Drayton
(b) Not coarse, rough, or harsh; subdued; soft; rich; delicate; --
said of sound, color, flavor, style, etc. "The mellow horn."
Wordsworth. "The mellow-tasted Burgundy." Thomson.
The tender flush whose mellow stain imbues Heaven with all freaks of
light. Percival.

3. Well matured; softened by years; genial; jovial.
May health return to mellow age. Wordsworth.
As merry and mellow an old bachelor as ever followed a hound. W.
Irving.

4. Warmed by liquor; slightly intoxicated. Addison.

MELLOW
Mel"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mellowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Mellowing.]

Defn: To make mellow. Shak.
If the Weather prove frosty to mellow it [the ground], they do not
plow it again till April. Mortimer.
The fervor of early feeling is tempered and mellowed by the ripeness
of age. J. C. Shairp.

MELLOW
Mel"low, v. i.

Defn: To become mellow; as, ripe fruit soon mellows. "Prosperity
begins to mellow." Shak.

MELLOWLY
Mel"low*ly, adv.

Defn: In a mellow manner.

MELLOWNESS
Mel"low*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being mellow.

MELLOWY
Mel"low*y, a.

Defn: Soft; unctuous. Drayton.

MELLUCO
Mel*lu"co, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A climbing plant (Ullucus officinalis) of the Andes, having
tuberous roots which are used as a substitute for potatoes.

MELNE
Mel"ne, n.

Defn: A mill. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MELOCOTON; MELOCOTOON
Mel`o*co*ton", Mel`o*co*toon", n. Etym: [Sp. melocoton a kind of
peach tree and its fruit, L. malum cotonium, or cotonea, or Cydonia,
a quince, or quince tree, lit., apple of Cydonia, Gr. Quince.] (Bot.)
(a) A quince.
(b) A kind of peach having one side deep red, and the flesh yellow.
[Written also malacatoon, malacotune.]

MELODEON
Me*lo"de*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Melody, and cf. Odeon.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of small reed organ; -- a portable form of the
seraphine.

2. A music hall.

MELODIC
Me*lod"ic, a. Etym: [L. melodicus, Gr. mélodique.]

Defn: Of the nature of melody; relating to, containing, or made up
of, melody; melodious.

MELODICS
Me*lod"ics, n.

Defn: The department of musical science which treats of the pitch of
tones, and of the laws of melody.

MELODIOGRAPH
Me*lo"di*o*graph, n. Etym: [Melody + -graph.]

Defn: A contrivance for preserving a record of music, by recording
the action of the keys of a musical instrument when played upon.

MELODIOUS
Me*lo"di*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. mélodieux. See Melody.]

Defn: Containing, or producing, melody; musical; agreeable to the ear
by a sweet succession of sounds; as, a melodious voice. "A melodious
voice." "A melodious undertone." Longfellow.
 -- Me*lo"di*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Me*lo"di*ous*ness, n.

MELODIST
Mel"o*dist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mélodiste.]

Defn: A composer or singer of melodies.

MELODIZE
Mel"o*dize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Melodized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Melodizing.]

Defn: To make melodious; to form into, or set to, melody.

MELODIZE
Mel"o*dize, v. i.

Defn: To make melody; to compose melodies; to harmonize.

MELODRAMA
Mel`o*dra"ma, n. Etym: [F. mélodrame, fr. Gr.

Defn: Formerly, a kind of drama having a musical accompaniment to
intensify the effect of certain scenes. Now, a drama abounding in
romantic sentiment and agonizing situations, with a musical
accompaniment only in parts which are especially thrilling or
pathetic. In opera, a passage in which the orchestra plays a somewhat
descriptive accompaniment, while the actor speaks; as, the melodrama
in the gravedigging scene of Beethoven's "Fidelio".

MELODRAMATIC
Mel`o*dra*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. mélodramatique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to melodrama; like or suitable to a melodrama;
unnatural in situation or action.
 -- Mel`o*dra*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

MELODRAMATIST
Mel`o*dram"a*tist, n.

Defn: One who acts in, or writes, melodramas.

MELODRAME
Mel"o*drame, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Melodrama.

MELODY
Mel"o*dy, n.; pl. Melodies. Etym: [OE. melodie, F. mélodie, L.
melodia, fr. Gr. Ode.]

1. A sweet or agreeable succession of sounds.
Lulled with sound of sweetest melody. Shak.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A rhythmical succession of single tones, ranging for the most
part within a given key, and so related together as to form a musical
whole, having the unity of what is technically called a musical
thought, at once pleasing to the ear and characteristic in
expression.

Note: Melody consists in a succession of single tones; harmony is a
consonance or agreement of tones, also a succession of consonant
musical combinations or chords.

3. The air or tune of a musical piece.

Syn.
 -- See Harmony.

MELOE
Mel"o*e, Etym: [ NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of beetles without wings, but having short oval elytra;
the oil beetles. These beetles are sometimes used instead of
cantharides for raising blisters. See Oil beetle, under Oil.

MELOGRAPH
Mel"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph : cf. F. mélographe.]

Defn: Same as Melodiograph.

MELOLONTHIDIAN
Mel`o*lon*thid"i*an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beetle of the genus Melolontha, and allied genera. See May
beetle, under May.

MELON
Mel"on, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. melo, for melopepo an apple-shaped
melon, Gr. malum apple. Cf. Marmalade.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The juicy fruit of certain cucurbitaceous plants, as the
muskmelon, watermelon, and citron melon; also, the plant that
produces the fruit.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, ornamental, marine, univalve shell of the genus Melo.
Melon beetle (Zoöl.), a small leaf beetle (Diabrotiea vittata), which
damages the leaves of melon vines.
 -- Melon cactus, Melon thistle. (a) (Bot.) A genus of cactaceous
plants (Melocactus) having a fleshy and usually globose stem with the
surface divided into spiny longitudinal ridges, and bearing at the
top a prickly and woolly crown in which the small pink flowers are
half concealed. M. communis, from the West Indies, is often
cultivated, and sometimes called Turk's cap. (b) The related genus
Mamillaria, in which the stem is tubercled rather than ribbed, and
the flowers sometimes large. See Illust. under Cactus.

MELOPIANO
Mel`o*pi*a"no, n. Etym: [Gr. piano.]

Defn: A piano having a mechanical attachment which enables the player
to prolong the notes at will.

MELOPLASTIC
Mel`o*plas"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to meloplasty, or the artificial formation of
a new cheek.

MELOPLASTY
Mel"o*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Gr. -plasty: cf. F. méloplastie.] (Surg.)

Defn: The process of restoring a cheek which has been destroyed
wholly or in part.

MELOPOEIA
Mel`o*poe"ia, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: The art of forming melody; melody; -- now often used for a
melodic passage, rather than a complete melody.

MELOTYPE
Mel"o*type, n. (Photog.)

Defn: A picture produced by a process in which development after
exposure may be deferred indefinitely, so as to permit transportation
of exposed plates; also, the process itself.

MELPOMENE
Mel*pom"e*ne, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The Muse of tragedy.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The eighteenth asteroid.

MELROSE
Mel"rose, n.

Defn: Honey of roses.

MELT
Melt, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See 2d Milt.

MELT
Melt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Melted (obs.) p. p. Molten; p. pr. & vb. n.
Melting.] Etym: [AS. meltan; akin to Gr. malt, and prob. to E. smelt,
v. Smelt, v., Malt, Milt the spleen.]

1. To reduce from a solid to a liquid state, as by heat; to liquefy;
as, to mell wax, tallow, or lead; to melt ice or snow.

2. Hence: To soften, as by a warming or kindly influence; to relax;
to render gentle or susceptible to mild influences; sometimes, in a
bad sense, to take away the firmness of; to weaken.
Thou would'st have . . . melted down thy youth. Shak.
For pity melts the mind to love. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To liquefy; fuse; thaw; mollify; soften.

MELT
Melt, v. i.

1. To be changed from a solid to a liquid state under the influence
of heat; as, butter and wax melt at moderate temperatures.

2. To dissolve; as, sugar melts in the mouth.

3. Hence: To be softened; to become tender, mild, or gentle; also, to
be weakened or subdued, as by fear.
My soul melteth for heaviness. Ps. cxix. 28.
Melting with tenderness and kind compassion. Shak.

4. To lose distinct form or outline; to blend.
The soft, green, rounded hills, with their flowing outlines,
overlapping and melting into each other. J. C. Shairp.

5. To disappear by being dispersed or dissipated; as, the fog melts
away. Shak.

MELTABLE
Melt"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being melted.

MELTER
Melt"er

Defn: , One who, or that which, melts.

MELTING
Melt"ing, n.

Defn: Liquefaction; the act of causing (something) to melt, or the
process of becoming melted. Melting point (Chem.), the degree of
temperature at which a solid substance melts or fuses; as, the
melting point of ice is 0º Centigrade or 32º Fahr., that of urea is
132º Centigrade.
 -- Melting pot, a vessel in which anything is melted; a crucible.

MELTING
Melt"ing a.

Defn: Causing to melt; becoming melted; -- used literally or
figuratively; as, a melting heat; a melting appeal; a melting mood.
 -- Melt"ing*ly, adv.

MELTON
Mel"ton, Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A kind of stout woolen cloth with unfinished face and without
raised nap. A commoner variety has a cotton warp.

MELUNGEON
Me*lun"geon, n. [Cf. F. mélanger to mix, mélange a mixture.]

Defn: One of a mixed white and Indian people living in parts of
Tennessee and the Carolinas. They are descendants of early
intermixtures of white settlers with natives. In North Carolina the
Croatan Indians, regarded as descended from Raleigh's lost colony of
Croatan, formerly classed with negroes, are now legally recognized as
distinct.

MEMBER
Mem"ber, v. t. Etym: [See Remember.]

Defn: To remember; to cause to remember; to mention. [Obs.]

MEMBER
Mem"ber, n. Etym: [OE. membre, F. membre, fr. L. membrum; cf. Goth.
mimz flesh, Skr. mamsa.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A part of an animal capable of performing a distinct office; an
organ; a limb.
We have many members in one body, and all members have not the same
office. Rom. xii. 4.

2. Hence, a part of a whole; an independent constituent of a body;
as:
(a) A part of a discourse or of a period or sentence; a clause; a
part of a verse.
(b) (Math.) Either of the two parts of an algebraic equation,
connected by the sign of equality. (c) (Engin.)

Defn: Any essential part, as a post, tie rod, strut, etc., of a
framed structure, as a bridge truss.
(d) (Arch.) Any part of a building, whether constructional, as a
pier, column, lintel, or the like, or decorative, as a molding, or
group of moldings.
(e) One of the persons composing a society, community, or the like;
an individual forming part of an association; as, a member of the
society of Friends. Compression member, Tension member (Engin.), a
member, as a rod, brace, etc., which is subjected to compression or
tension, respectively.

MEMBERED
Mem"bered, a.

1. Having limbs; -- chiefly used in composition.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Having legs of a different tincture from that of the body; --
said of a bird in heraldic representations.

MEMBERSHIP
Mem"ber*ship, n.

1. The state of being a member.

2. The collective body of members, as of a society.

MEMBRAL
Mem"bral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Relating to a member.

MEMBRANACEOUS
Mem`bra*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. membranaceus.]

1. Same as Membranous. Arbuthnot.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Thin and rather soft or pliable, as the leaves of the rose,
peach tree, and aspen poplar.

MEMBRANE
Mem"brane, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. membrana the skin that covers the
separate members of the body, fr. L. membrum. See Member.] (Anat.)

Defn: A thin layer or fold of tissue, usually supported by a fibrous
network, serving to cover or line some part or organ, and often
secreting or absorbing certain fluids.

Note: The term is also often applied to the thin, expanded parts, of
various texture, both in animals and vegetables. Adventitious
membrane, a membrane connecting parts not usually connected, or of a
different texture from the ordinary connection; as, the membrane of a
cicatrix.
 -- Jacob's membrane. See under Retina.
 -- Mucous membranes (Anat.), the membranes lining passages and
cavities which communicate with the exterior, as well as ducts and
receptacles of secretion, and habitually secreting mucus.
 -- Schneiderian membrane. (Anat.) See Schneiderian.
 -- Serous membranes (Anat.) , the membranes, like the peritoneum and
pleura, which line, or lie in, cavities having no obvious outlet, and
secrete a serous fluid.

MEMBRANEOUS
Mem*bra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. membraneus of parchment.]

Defn: See Membranous.

MEMBRANIFEROUS
Mem`bra*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Membrane + -ferous.]

Defn: Having or producing membranes.

MEMBRANIFORM
Mem*bra"ni*form, a. Etym: [Membrane + -form: cf. F. membraniforme.]

Defn: Having the form of a membrane or of parchment.

MEMBRANOLOGY
Mem`bra*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Membrane + -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of membranes.

MEMBRANOUS
Mem"bra*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. membraneux.]

1. Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling, membrane; as, a
membranous covering or lining.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Membranaceous. Membranous croup (Med.), true croup. See Croup.

MEMENTO
Me*men"to, n.; pl. Mementos. Etym: [L., remember, be mindful, imper.
of meminisse to remember. See Mention.]

Defn: A hint, suggestion, token, or memorial, to awaken memory; that
which reminds or recalls to memory; a souvenir.
Seasonable mementos may be useful. Bacon.

MEMENTO MORI
Me*men"to mo"ri. [L.]

Defn: Lit., remember to die, i.e., that you must die; a warning to be
prepared for death; an object, as a death's-head or a personal
ornament, usually emblematic, used as a reminder of death.

MEMINNA
Me*min"na, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small deerlet, or chevrotain, of India.

MEMNON
Mem"non, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Antiq.)

Defn: A celebrated Egyptian statue near Thebes, said to have the
property of emitting a harplike sound at sunrise.

MEMOIR; MEMOIRS
Mem"oir, or pl. Mem"oirs, n. Etym: [F. mémoire, m., memorandum, fr.
mémoire, f., memory, L. memoria. See Memory.]

1. A memorial account; a history composed from personal experience
and memory; an account of transactions or events (usually written in
familiar style) as they are remembered by the writer. See History, 2.

2. A memorial of any individual; a biography; often, a biography
written without special regard to method and completeness.

3. An account of something deemed noteworthy; an essay; a record of
investigations of any subject; the journals and proceedings of a
society.

MEMOIRIST
Mem"oir*ist, n.

Defn: A writer of memoirs.

MEMORABILIA
Mem`o*ra*bil"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. memorabilis memorable. See
Memorable.]

Defn: Things remarkable and worthy of remembrance or record; also,
the record of them.

MEMORABILITY
Mem`o*ra*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being memorable.

MEMORABLE
Mem"o*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. memorabilis, fr. memorare to bring to
remembrance, fr. memor mindful, remembering. See Memory, and cf.
Memorabilia.]

Defn: Worthy to be remembered; very important or remarkable.
 -- Mem"o*ra*ble*ness, n.
 -- Mem"o*ra*bly, adv.
Surviving fame to gain, Buy tombs, by books, by memorable deeds. Sir
J. Davies.

MEMORANDUM
Mem`o*ran"dum, n.; pl. E. Memorandums, L. Memoranda. Etym: [L.,
something to be remembered, neut. of memorandus, fut. pass. p. of
memorare. See Memorable.]

1. A record of something which it is desired to remember; a note to
help the memory.
I . . . entered a memorandum in my pocketbook. Guardian.
I wish you would, as opportunity offers, make memorandums of the
regulations of the academies. Sir J. Reynolds.

2. (Law)

Defn: A brief or informal note in writing of some transaction, or an
outline of an intended instrument; an instrument drawn up in a brief
and compendious form. Memorandum check, a check given as an
acknowledgment of indebtedness, but with the understanding that it
will not be presented at bank unless the maker fails to take it up on
the day the debt becomes due. It usually has Mem. written on its
face.

MEMORATE
Mem"o*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. memoratus, p. p. of memorare. See
Memorable.]

Defn: To commemorate. [Obs.]

MEMORATIVE
Mem"o*ra*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. mémoratif.]

Defn: Commemorative. [Obs.] Hammond.

MEMORIA
Me*mo"ri*a, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Memory. Memoria technica, technical memory; a contrivance for
aiding the memory.

MEMORIAL
Me*mo"ri*al, a. Etym: [F. mémorial, L. memorialis, fr. memoria. See
Memory.]

1. Serving to preserve remembrance; commemorative; as, a memorial
building.
There high in air, memorial of my name, Fix the smooth oar, and bid
me live to fame. Pope.

2. Contained in memory; as, a memorial possession.

3. Mnemonic; assisting the memory.
This succession of Aspirate, Soft, and Hard, may be expressed by the
memorial word ASH. Skeat.
Memorial Day. Same as Decoration Day. [U.S.]

MEMORIAL
Me*mo"ri*al, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mémorial.]

1. Anything intended to preserve the memory of a person or event;
something which serves to keep something else in remembrance; a
monument. Macaulay.
Churches have names; some as memorials of peace, some of wisdom, some
in memory of the Trinity itself. Hooker.

2. A memorandum; a record. [Obs. or R.] Hayward.

3. A written representation of facts, addressed to the government, or
to some branch of it, or to a society, etc., -- often accompanied
with a petition.

4. Memory; remembrance. [Obs.]
Precious is the memorial of the just. Evelyn.

5. (Diplomacy)

Defn: A species of informal state paper, much used in negotiation.

MEMORIAL DAY
Me*mo"ri*al Day.

Defn: A day, May 30, appointed for commemorating, by decorating their
graves with flowers, by patriotic exercises, etc., the dead soldiers
and sailors who served the Civil War (1861-65) in the United States;
Decoration Day. It is a legal holiday in most of the States. In the
Southern States, the Confederate Memorial Day is: May 30 in Virginia;
April 26 in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and Mississippi; May 10 in
North Carolina and South Carolina; the second Friday in May in
Tennessee; June 3 in Louisiana. [U. S.]

MEMORIALIST
Me*mo"ri*al*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mémorialiste.]

Defn: One who writes or signs a memorial.

MEMORIALIZE
Me*mo"ri*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Memorialized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Memorializing.]

Defn: To address or petition by a memorial; to present a memorial to;
as, to memorialize the legislature. T. Hook.

MEMORIALIZER
Me*mo"ri*al*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who petitions by a memorial. T. Hook.

MEMORIAL ROSE
Memorial rose.

Defn: A Japanese evergreen rose (Rosa wichuraiana) with creeping
branches, shining leaves, and single white flowers. It is often
planted in cemeteries.

MEMORIST
Mem"o*rist, n. Etym: [See Memorize.]

Defn: One who, or that which, causes to be remembered. [Obs.]

MEMORITER
Me*mor"i*ter, adv. Etym: [L., fr. memor mindful. See Memorable.]

Defn: By, or from, memory.

MEMORIZE
Mem"o*rize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Memorized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Memorizing.] Etym: [See Memory.]

1. To cause to be remembered ; hence, to record. [Obs.]
They neglect to memorize their conquest. Spenser.
They meant to . . . memorize another Golgotha. Shak.

2. To commit to memory; to learn by heart.

MEMORY
Mem"o*ry, n.; pl. Memories. Etym: [OE. memorie, OF. memoire, memorie,
F. mémoire, L. memoria, fr. memor mindful; cf. mora delay. Cf. Demur,
Martyr, Memoir, Remember.]

1. The faculty of the mind by which it retains the knowledge of
previous thoughts, impressions, or events.
Memory is the purveyor of reason. Rambler.

2. The reach and positiveness with which a person can remember; the
strength and trustworthiness of one's power to reach and represent or
to recall the past; as, his memory was never wrong.

3. The actual and distinct retention and recognition of past ideas in
the mind; remembrance; as, in memory of youth; memories of foreign
lands.

4. The time within which past events can be or are remembered; as,
within the memory of man.
And what, before thy memory, was done From the begining. Milton.

5. Something, or an aggregate of things, remembered; hence,
character, conduct, etc., as preserved in remembrance, history, or
tradition; posthumous fame; as, the war became only a memory.
The memory of the just is blessed. Prov. x. 7.
That ever-living man of memory, Henry the Fifth. Shak.
The Nonconformists . . . have, as a body, always venerated her
[Elizabeth's] memory. Macaulay.

6. A memorial. [Obs.]
These weeds are memories of those worser hours. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Memory, Remembrance, Recollection, Reminiscence. Memory is the
generic term, denoting the power by which we reproduce past
impressions. Remembrance is an exercise of that power when things
occur spontaneously to our thoughts. In recollection we make a
distinct effort to collect again, or call back, what we know has been
formerly in the mind. Reminiscence is intermediate between
remembrance and recollection, being a conscious process of recalling
past occurrences, but without that full and varied reference to
particular things which characterizes recollection. "When an idea
again recurs without the operation of the like object on the external
sensory, it is remembrance; if it be sought after by the mind, and
with pain and endeavor found, and brought again into view, it is
recollection." Locke. To draw to memory, to put on record; to record.
[Obs.] Chaucer. Gower.

MEMPHIAN
Mem"phi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ancient city of Memphis in Egypt;
hence, Egyptian; as, Memphian darkness.

MEM-SAHIB
Mem"-sa`hib, n. [Hind. mem-sahib; mem (fr. E. ma'am) + Ar. çahib
master. See Sahib.]

Defn: Lady; mistress; -- used by Hindustani-speaking natives in India
in addressing European women.

MEN
Men, n.,

Defn: pl. of Man.

MEN
Men, pron. Etym: [OE. me, men. "Not the plural of man, but a weakened
form of the word man itself." Skeat.]

Defn: A man; one; -- used with a verb in the singular, and
corresponding to the present indefinite one or they. [Obs.] Piers
Plowman.
Men moot give silver to the poure triars. Chaucer.
A privy thief, men clepeth death. Chaucer.

MENACCANITE
Me*nac"can*ite, n. Etym: [From Menaccan, in Cornwall, where it was
first found.] (Min.)

Defn: An iron-black or steel-gray mineral, consisting chiefly of the
oxides of iron and titanium. It is commonly massive, but occurs also
in rhombohedral crystals. Called also titanic iron ore, and ilmenite.

MENACE
Men"ace, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. minaciae threats, menaces, fr. minax, -
acis, projecting, threatening, minae projecting points or pinnacles,
threats. Cf. Amenable, Demean, Imminent, Minatory.]

Defn: The show of an intention to inflict evil; a threat or
threatening; indication of a probable evil or catastrophe to come.
His (the pope's) commands, his rebukes, his menaces. Milman.
The dark menace of the distant war. Dryden.

MENACE
Men"ace, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Menaced (ast); p. pr. & vb. n.
Menacing.] Etym: [OF. menacier, F. menacer. See Menace, n.]

1. To express or show an intention to inflict, or to hold out a
prospect of inflicting, evil or injury upon; to threaten; -- usually
followed by with before the harm threatened; as, to menace a country
with war.
My master . . . did menace me with death. Shak.

2. To threaten, as an evil to be inflicted.
By oath he menaced Revenge upon the cardinal. Shak.

MENACE
Men"ace, v. i.

Defn: To act in threatening manner; to wear a threatening aspect.
Who ever knew the heavens menace so Shak.

MENACER
Men"a*cer, n.

Defn: One who menaces.

MENACINGLY
Men"a*cing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a threatening manner.

MENAGE
Mé`nage", n.

Defn: See Manage.

MENAGE
Mé`nage", n. Etym: [See Menagerie.]

Defn: A collection of animals; a menagerie. [Obs.] Addison.

MENAGERIE
Men*ag"er*ie, n. Etym: [F. ménagerie, fr. ménager to keep house,
ménage household. See Menial, Mansion.]

1. A piace where animals are kept and trained.

2. A collection of wild or exotic animals, kept for exhibition.

MENAGOGUE
Men"a*gogue, n. Etym: [F. ménagogue, fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Emmenagogue.

MENAION
Me*na"ion, n.; pl. Menaia (-yå). Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Eccl.)

Defn: A work of twelve volumes, each containing the offices in the
Greek Church for a month; also, each volume of the same. Shipley.

MENALD; MENILD
Men"ald, Men"ild, a.

Defn: Covered with spots; speckled; variegated. [Obs.]

MEND
Mend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mended; p. pr. & vb. n. Mending.] Etym:
[Abbrev. fr. amend. See Amend.]

1. To repair, as anything that is torn, broken, defaced, decayed, or
the like; to restore from partial decay, injury, or defacement; to
patch up; to put in shape or order again; to re-create; as, to mend a
garment or a machine.

2. To alter for the better; to set right; to reform; hence, to
quicken; as, to mend one's manners or pace.
The best service they could do the state was to mend the lives of the
persons who composed it. Sir W. Temple.

3. To help, to advance, to further; to add to.
Though in some lands the grass is but short, yet it mends garden
herbs and fruit. Mortimer.
You mend the jewel by the wearing it. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To improve; help; better; emend; amend; correct; rectify; reform.

MEND
Mend, v. i.

Defn: To grow better; to advance to a better state; to become
improved. Shak.

MENDABLE
Mend"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being mended.

MENDACIOUS
Men*da"cious, a. Etym: [L. mendax, -acis, lying, cf. mentiri to lie.]

1. Given to deception or falsehood; lying; as, a mendacious person.

2. False; counterfeit; containing falsehood; as, a mendacious
statement.
 -- Men*da"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Men*da"cious*ness, n.

MENDACITY
Men*dac"i*ty, n.; pl. Mendacities. Etym: [L. mendacitas.]

1. The quality or state of being mendacious; a habit of lying.
Macaulay.

2. A falsehood; a lie. Sir T. Browne.

Syn.
 -- Lying; deceit; untruth; falsehood.

MENDELIAN
Men*de"li*an, a. [See Mendel's law.] (Biol.)

Defn: Pert. to Mendel, or to Mendel's law. -- Men*de"li*an*ism (#),
Men*del"ism (#), n.

MENDELIAN CHARACTER
Mendelian character. (Biol.)

Defn: A character which obeys Mendel's law in regard to its
hereditary transmission.

MENDEL'S LAW
Men"del's law.

Defn: A principle governing the inheritance of many characters in
animals and plants, discovered by Gregor J. Mendel (Austrian
Augustinian abbot, 1822-84) in breeding experiments with peas. He
showed that the height, color, and other characters depend on the
presence of determinating factors behaving as units. In any given
germ cell each of these is either present or absent. The following
example (using letters as symbols of the determining factors and
hence also of the individuals possessing them) shows the operation of
the law: Tallness being due to a factor T, a tall plant, arising by
the union in fertilization of two germ cells both bearing this
factor, is TT; a dwarf, being without T, is tt. Crossing these,
crossbreeds, Tt, result (called generation F1). In the formation of
the germ cells of these crossbreeds a process of segregation occurs
such that germ cells, whether male or female, are produced of two
kinds, T and t, in equal numbers. The T cells bear the factor
"tallness," the t cells are devoid of it. The offspring, generation
F2, which arise from the chance union of these germ cells in pairs,
according to the law of probability, are therefore on an average in
the following proportions:

1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt;

and thus plants pure in tallness (TT) and dwarfness (tt), as well as
crossbreeds (Tt), are formed by the interbreeding of crossbreeds.
Frequently, as in this example, owning to what is called the
dominance of a factor, the operation of Mendel's law may be
complicated by the fact that when a dominant factor (as T) occurs
with its allelomorph (as t), called recessive, in the crossbreed Tt,
the individual Tt is itself indistinguishable from the pure form TT.
Generation F1, containing only the Tt form, consists entirely of
dominants (tall plants) and generation F2 consists of three dominants
(2 Tt, 1 TT) to one dwarf (tt), which, displaying the feature
suppressed in F1, is called recessive. Such qualitative and numerical
regularity has been proved to exist in regard to very diverse
qualities or characters which compose living things, both wild and
domesticated, such as colors of flowers, of hair or eyes, patterns,
structure, chemical composition, and power of resisting certain
diseases. The diversity of forms produced in crossbreeding by
horticulturists and fanciers generally results from a process of
analytical variation or recombination of the factors composing the
parental types. Purity of type consequently acquires a specific
meaning. An individual is pure in respect of a given character when
it results from the union of two sexual cells both bearing that
character, or both without it.

MENDER
Mend"er, n.

Defn: One who mends or repairs.

MENDIANT
Men"di*ant, n.

Defn: See Mendinant. [Obs.]

MENDICANCY
Men"di*can*cy, n.

Defn: The condition of being mendicant; beggary; begging. Burke.

MENDICANT
Men"di*cant, a. Etym: [L. mendicans, -antis, p. pr. of mendicare to
beg, fr. mendicus beggar, indigent.]

Defn: Practicing beggary; begging; living on alms; as, mendicant
friars. Mendicant orders (R. C. Ch.), certain monastic orders which
are forbidden to acquire landed property and are required to be
supported by alms, esp. the Franciscans, the Dominicans, the
Carmelites, and the Augustinians.

MENDICANT
Men"di*cant, n.

Defn: A beggar; esp., one who makes a business of begging;
specifically, a begging friar.

MENDICATE
Men"di*cate, v. t.& i. Etym: [L. mendicatus, p. p. of mendicare to
beg.]

Defn: To beg. [R.] Johnson.

MENDICATION
Men`di*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act or practice of begging; beggary; mendicancy. Sir T.
Browne.

MENDICITY
Men*dic"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. mendicitas: cf. F. mendicité. See
Mendicant.]

Defn: The practice of begging; the life of a beggar; mendicancy. Rom.
of R.

MENDINANT
Men"di*nant, n.

Defn: A mendicant or begging friar. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MENDMENT
Mend"ment, n.

Defn: Amendment. [Obs.]

MENDOLE
Men"dole, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mendol, mendole.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cackerel.

MENDREGAL
Men"dre*gal, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Medregal.

MENDS
Mends, n.

Defn: See Amends. [Obs.] Shak.

MENGE
Menge, v. i. [imp. Mente, Meinte; p. p. Ment, Meint.] Etym: [See
Mingle.]

Defn: To mix. [Obs.] Spenser.

MENHADEN
Men*ha"den, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American marine fish of the Herring familt (Brevoortia
tyrannus), chiefly valuable for its oil and as a component of
fertilizers; -- called also mossbunker, bony fish, chebog, pogy,
hardhead, whitefish, etc.

MENHIR
Men"hir, n. Etym: [F. Armor. men stone + hir high.]

Defn: A large stone set upright in olden times as a memorial or
monument. Many, of unknown date, are found in Brittany and throughout
Northern Europe.

MENIAL
Men"ial, a. Etym: [OE. meneal, fr. meine, maine, household, OF.
maisniée, maisnie, LL. mansionaticum. See Mansion, and cf. Meine, n.,
Meiny.]

1. Belonging to a retinue or train of servants; performing servile
office; serving.
Two menial dogs before their master pressed. Dryden.

2. Pertaining to servants, esp. domestic servants; servile; low;
mean. " Menial offices." Swift.

MENIAL
Men"ial, n.

1. A domestic servant or retainer, esp. one of humble rank; one
employed in low or servile offices.

2. A person of a servile character or disposition.

MENIERE'S DISEASE
Mé`nière's" dis*ease". (Med.)

Defn: A disease characterized by deafness and vertigo, resulting in
incoördination of movement. It is supposed to depend upon a morbid
condition of the semicircular canals of the internal ear. Named after
Ménière, a French physician.

MENILITE
Men"i*lite, n. Etym: [F. ménilite; -- so called because it is found
at Ménilmontant, near Paris.] (Min.)

Defn: See Opal.

MENINGEAL
Me*nin"ge*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the meninges.

MENINGES
Me*nin"ges, n. pl.; sing. Meninx (. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord; the
pia mater, dura mater, and arachnoid membrane.

MENINGITIS
Men`in*gi"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Meninges, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the membranes of the brain or spinal cord.
Cerebro-spinal meningitis. See under Cerebro-spinal.

MENISCAL
Me*nis"cal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or having the form of, a meniscus.

MENISCOID
Me*nis"coid, a. Etym: [Meniscus + -oid.]

Defn: Concavo-convex, like a meniscus.

MENISCUS
Me*nis"cus, n.; pl. L. Menisci (-si), E. Meniscuses. Etym: [NL., from
Gr. mh`nh the moon.]

1. A crescent.

2. (Opt.)

Defn: A lens convex on one side and concave on the other.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: An interarticular synovial cartilage or membrane; esp., one of
the intervertebral synovial disks in some parts of the vertebral
column of birds. Converging meniscus, Diverging meniscus. See Lens.

MENISPERMACEOUS
Men`i*sper*ma"ceous, a. Etym: [Gr. mh`nh the moon + spe`rma seed.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to a natural order (Menispermaceæ) of climbing
plants of which moonseed (Menispermum) is the type.

MENISPERMIC
Men`i*sper"mic (, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, moonseed (Menispermum), or
other plants of the same family, as the Anamirta Cocculus.

MENISPERMINE
Men`i*sper"mine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ménispermine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid distinct from picrotoxin and obtained from the
cocculus indicus (the fruit of Anamirta Cocculus, formerly
Menispermum Cocculus) as a white, crystalline, tasteless powder; --
called also menispermina.

MENIVER
Men"i*ver, n. Etym: [OF. menuver, menuveir, menuvair, a grayish fur;
menu small + vair a kind of fur. See Minute, a., and Vair.]

Defn: Same as Miniver.

MENNONIST; MENNONITE
Men"non*ist, Men"non*ite, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a small denomination of Christians, so called from Menno
Simons of Friesland, their founder. They believe that the New
Testament is the only rule of faith, that there is no original sin,
that infants should not be baptized, and that Christians ought not to
take oath, hold office, or render military service.

MENOBRANCH; MENOBRANCHUS
Men"o*branch, Men`o*bran"chus, n. Etym: [NL. menobranchus, fr. Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A large aquatic American salamander of the genus Necturus,
having permanent external gills.

MENOLOGIUM; MENOLOGY
Men`o*lo"gi*um, Me*nol"o*gy, n.; pl. L. Menologia, E. Menologies.
Etym: [NL. menologium, fr. Gr. ménologe.]

1. A register of months. Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. (Gr. Church)

Defn: A brief calendar of the lives of the saints for each day in the
year, or a simple remembrance of those whose lives are not written.

MENOPAUSE
Men"o*pause, n. Etym: [Gr. Menses.] (Med.)

Defn: The period of natural cessation of menstruation. See Change of
life, under Change.

MENOPOMA; MENOPOME
Men`o*po"ma, Men"o*pome, n. Etym: [NL. menopoma, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hellbender.

MENORRHAGIA
Men`or*rha"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
(a) Profuse menstruation.
(b) Any profuse bleeding from the uterus; Metrorrhagia.

MENOSTASIS
Me*nos"ta*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. mh`n month + 'istan`nai to
stop.] (Med.)

Defn: Stoppage of the mences.

MENOSTATION
Men`os*ta"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Menostasis.

MENOW
Men"ow, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A minnow.

MEN-PLEASER
Men"-pleas`er, n.

Defn: One whose motive is to please men or the world, rather than
God. Eph. vi. 6.

MENSAL
Men"sal, a. Etym: [L. mensalis, fr. mensa table.]

Defn: Belonging to the table; transacted at table; as, mensa
conversation.

MENSAL
Men"sal, a. Etym: [L. mensis month.]

Defn: Occurring once in a month; monthly.

MENSE
Mense, n. Etym: [OE. menske, AS. mennisc human, man. See Man.]

Defn: Manliness; dignity; comeliness; civility. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
-- Mense"ful, a.
 -- Mense"less, a.

MENSE
Mense, v. t.

Defn: To grace. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

MENSES
Men"ses, n. pl. Etym: [L. mensis month, pl. menses months, and the
monthly courses of women. Cf. Month.] (Med.)

Defn: The catamenial or menstrual discharge, a periodic flow of blood
or bloody fluid from the uterus or female generative organs.

MENSTRUAL
Men"stru*al, a. Etym: [L. menstrualis: cf. F. menstruel. See
Menstruous.]

1. Recurring once a month; monthly; gone through in a month; as, the
menstrual revolution of the moon; pertaining to monthly changes; as,
the menstrual equation of the sun's place.

2. Of or pertaining to the menses; as, menstrual discharges; the
menstrual period.

3. Of or pertaining to a menstruum. Bacon.

MENSTRUANT
Men"stru*ant, a. Etym: [L. menstruans, p. pr. of menstruare to have a
monthly term, fr. menstruus. See Menstruous.]

Defn: Subject to monthly flowing or menses.

MENSTRUATE
Men"stru*ate, a.

Defn: Menstruous. [Obs.]

MENSTRUATE
Men"stru*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Menstruated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Menstruating.]

Defn: To discharge the menses; to have the catamenial flow.

MENSTRUATION
Men`stru*a"tion, n.

Defn: The discharge of the menses; also, the state or the period of
menstruating.

MENSTRUE
Men"strue, n. Etym: [Cf. F. menstrues. See Menstruous.]

Defn: The menstrual flux; menses. [Obs.]

MENSTRUOUS
Men"stru*ous, a. Etym: [L. menstruus, fr. mensis month. Cf.
Menstruum.]

1. Having the monthly flow or discharge; menstruating.

2. Of or pertaining tj the monthly flow; catamenial.

MENSTRUUM
Men"stru*um, n.; pl. E. Menstruums, L. Menstrua. Etym: [L. menstruus.
See Menstruous.]

Defn: Any substance which dissolves a solid body; a solvent.
The proper menstruum to dissolve metal. Bacon.
All liquors are called menstruums which are used as dissolvents, or
to extract the virtues of ingredients by infusion or decoction.
Quincy.

Note: The use is supposed to have originated in some notion of the
old chemists about the influence of the moon in the preparation of
dissolvents. Johnson.

MENSURABILITY
Men`su*ra*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mensurabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being mensurable.

MENSURABLE
Men"su*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. mensurabilis, fr. mensurare to measure,
fr. mensura measure: cf. F. mensurable. See Measurable, Measure.]

Defn: Capable of being measured; measurable.

MENSURABLENESS
Men"su*ra*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being mensurable; measurableness.

MENSURAL
Men"su*ral, a. Etym: [L. mensuralis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to measure.

MENSURATE
Men"su*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. mensuratus, p. p. of mensurare. See
Measure, v.]

Defn: To measure. [Obs.]

MENSURATION
Men`su*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. mensuratio : cf. F. mensuration.]

1. The act, process, or art, of measuring.

2. That branch of applied geometry which gives rules for finding the
length of lines, the areas of surfaces, or the volumes of solids,
from certain simple data of lines and angles.

-MENT
-ment, Etym: [F. -ment, L. -mentum.]

Defn: A suffix denoting that which does a thing; an act or process;
the result of an act or process; state or condition; as, aliment,
that which nourishes, ornament, increment; fragment, piece broken,
segment; abridgment, act of abridging, imprisonment, movement,
adjournment; amazement, state of being amazed, astonishment.

MENT
Ment, p. p.

Defn: of Menge.

MENTAGRA
Men"ta*gra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. mentum chin + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Sycosis.

MENTAL
Men"tal, a. Etym: [L. mentum the chin.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the chin; genian; as, the mental nerve; the
mental region.

MENTAL
Men"tal, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A plate or scale covering the mentum or chin of a fish or
reptile.

MENTAL
Men"tal, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. mentalis, fr. mens, mentis, the mind;
akin to E. mind. See Mind.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the mind; intellectual; as, mental
faculties; mental operations, conditions, or exercise.
What a mental power This eye shoots forth! Shak.
Mental alienation, insanity.
 -- Mental arithmetic, the art or practice of solving arithmetical
problems by mental processes, unassisted by written figures.

MENTALITY
Men*tal"i*ty, n.

Defn: Quality or state of mind. "The same hard mentality." Emerson.

MENTALLY
Men"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: In the mind; in thought or meditation; intellectually; in idea.

MENTHA
Men"tha, n. Etym: [L. See Mint the plant.] (Bot.)

Defn: A widely distributed genus of fragrant herbs, including the
peppermint, spearmint, etc. The plants have small flowers, usually
arranged in dense axillary clusters.

MENTHENE
Men"thene, n. Etym: [Menthol + terpene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless liquid hydrocarbon resembling oil of turpentine,
obtained by dehydrating menthol. It has an agreeable odor and a
cooling taste.

MENTHOL
Men"thol, n. Etym: [Mentha + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline, aromatic substance resembling camphor,
extracted from oil of peppermint (Mentha); -- called also mint
camphor or peppermint camphor.

MENTHYL
Men"thyl, n. Etym: [Mentha + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound radical forming the base of menthol.

MENTICULTURAL
Men`ti*cul"tur*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to mental culture; serving to improve or
strengthen the mind. [R.]

MENTION
Men"tion, n. Etym: [OE. mencioun, F. mention, L. mentio, from the
root of meminisse to remember. See Mind.]

Defn: A speaking or notice of anything, -- usually in a brief or
cursory manner. Used especially in the phrase to make mention of.
I will make mention of thy righteousness. Ps. lxxi. 16.
And sleep in dull, cold marble, where no mention Of me more must be
heard of. Shak.

MENTION
Men"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mentioned; p. pr. & vb. n. Mentioning.]
Etym: [Cf. F. mentionner.]

Defn: To make mention of; to speak briefly of; to name.
I will mention the loving-kindnesses of the Lord. Is. lxiii. 7.

MENTIONABLE
Men"tion*a*ble, a.

Defn: Fit to be mentioned.

MENTOMECKELIAN
Men`to*meck*e"li*an, a. Etym: [1st mental + Meckelian.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the chin and lower jaw.
 -- n.

Defn: The bone or cartilage forming the anterior extremity of the
lower jaw in some adult animals and the young of others.

MENTOR
Men"tor, n. Etym: [From Mentor, the counselor of Telemachus, Gr.
Monitor.]

Defn: A wise and faithful counselor or monitor.

MENTORIAL
Men*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [From Mentor.]

Defn: Containing advice or admonition.

MENTUM
Men"tum, n. Etym: [L., chin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The front median plate of the labium in insects. See Labium.

MENU
Me*nu", n. Etym: [F., slender, thin, minute. See 4th Minute.]

Defn: The details of a banquet; a bill of fare.

MENUSE
Me"nuse, v. i.

Defn: See Amenuse. [Obs.]

MEOW
Me*ow", v. i. & n.

Defn: See 6th and 7th Mew.

MEPHISTOPHELIAN
Meph`is*to*phe"li*an ( or ), a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the devil Mephistopheles, "a
crafty, scoffing, relentless fiend;" devilish; crafty.

MEPHITIC; MEPHITICAL
Me*phit"ic, Me*phit"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. mephiticus, fr. mephitis
mephitis: cf. F. méphitique.]

1. Tending to destroy life; poisonous; noxious; as, mephitic
exhalations; mephitic regions.

2. Offensive to the smell; as, mephitic odors. Mephitic air (Chem.),
carbon dioxide; -- so called because of its deadly suffocating power.
See Carbonic acid, under Carbonic.

MEPHITIS
Me*phi"tis, n. Etym: [L. mephitis : cf. F. méphitis.]

1. Noxious, pestilential, or foul exhalations from decomposing
substances, filth, or other source.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of mammals, including the skunks.

MEPHITISM
Meph"i*tism, n.

Defn: Same as Mephitis, 1.

MERACIOUS
Me*ra"cious, a. Etym: [L. meracus, fr. merus pure, inmixed.]

Defn: Being without mixture or adulteration; hence, strong; racy.
[Obs.]

MERCABLE
Mer"ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. mercabilis, fr. mercari to trade, traffic,
buy. See Merchant.]

Defn: Capable of being bought or sold. [Obs.]

MERCANTILE
Mer"can*tile, a. Etym: [F. mercantile, It. mercantile, fr. L.
mercans, -antis, p. pr. of mercari to traffic. See Merchant.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to merchants, or the business of merchants;
having to do with trade, or the buying and selling of commodities;
commercial.
The expedition of the Argonauts was partly mercantile, partly
military. Arbuthnot.
Mercantile agency, an agency for procuring information of the
standing and credit of merchants in different parts of the country,
for the use of dealers who sell to them.
 -- Mercantile marine, the persons and vessels employed in commerce,
taken collectively.
 -- Mercantile paper, the notes or acceptances given by merchants for
goods bought, or received on consignment; drafts on merchants for
goods sold or consigned. McElrath.

Syn.
 -- Mercantile, Commercial. Commercial is the wider term, being
sometimes used to embrace mercantile. In their stricter use,
commercial relates to the shipping, freighting, forwarding, and other
business connected with the commerce of a country (whether external
or internal), that is, the exchange of commodities; while mercantile
applies to the sale of merchandise and goods when brought to market.
As the two employments are to some extent intermingled, the two words
are often interchanged.

MERCAPTAL
Mer*cap"tal, n. Etym: [Mercaptan + aldehyde.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of compounds of mercaptans with aldehydes.

MERCAPTAN
Mer*cap"tan, n. Etym: [F., fr. NL. mercurius mercury + L. captans, p.
pr. of captare to seize, v. intens. fr. capere.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of series of compounds, hydrosulphides of alcohol
radicals, in composition resembling the alcohols, but containing
sulphur in place of oxygen, and hence called also the sulphur
alcohols. In general, they are colorless liquids having a strong,
repulsive, garlic odor. The name is specifically applied to ethyl
mercaptan, C2H5SH. So called from its avidity for mercury, and other
metals.

MERCAPTIDE
Mer*cap"tide ( or ), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of mercaptan formed by replacing its sulphur
hydrogen by a metal; as, potassium mercaptide, C2H5SK.

MERCAT
Mer"cat, n. Etym: [L. mercatus : cf. It. mercato. See Market.]

Defn: Market; trade. [Obs.] Bp. Sprat.

MERCATANTE
Mer`ca*tan"te (; It. ), n. Etym: [It. See Merchant.]

Defn: A foreign trader. [Obs.] Shak.

MERCATOR'S CHART
Mer*ca"tor's chart".

Defn: See under Chart, and see Mercator's projection, under
Projection.

MERCATURE
Mer"ca*ture, n. Etym: [L. mercatura commerce.]

Defn: Commerce; traffic; trade. [Obs.]

MERCE
Merce, v. t. Etym: [See Amerce.]

Defn: To subject to fine or amercement; to mulct; to amerce. [Obs.]

MERCENARIA
Mer`ce*na"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Mercenary.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The quahog.

MERCENARIAN
Mer`ce*na"ri*an (-an), n.

Defn: A mercenary. [Obs.]

MERCENARILY
Mer"ce*na`ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a mercenary manner.

MERCENARINESS
Mer"ce*na*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being mercenary; venality. Boyle.

MERCENARY
Mer"ce*na*ry, a. Etym: [OE. mercenarie, F. mercenaire, fr. L.
mercenarius, fr. merces wages, reward. See Mercy.]

1. Acting for reward; serving for pay; paid; hired; hireling; venal;
as, mercenary soldiers.

2. Hence: Moved by considerations of pay or profit; greedy of gain;
sordid; selfish. Shak.
For God forbid I should my papers blot With mercenary lines, with
servile pen. Daniel.

Syn.
 -- See Venal.

MERCENARY
Mer"ce*na*ry, n.; pl. Mercenaries (.

Defn: One who is hired; a hireling; especially, a soldier hired into
foreign service. Milman.

MERCER
Mer"cer, n. Etym: [F. mercier, fr. L. merx, mercis, wares,
merchandise. See Merchant.]

Defn: Originally, a dealer in any kind of goods or wares; now
restricted to a dealer in textile fabrics, as silks or woolens.
[Eng.]

MERCERIZE
Mer"cer*ize, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. -ized; p. pr. & vb. n. -izing.]
[From (John) Mercer (1791-1866), an English calico printer who
introduced the process + -ize.]

Defn: To treat (cotton fiber or fabrics) with a solution of caustic
alkali. Such treatment causes the fiber to shrink in length and
become stronger and more receptive of dyes. If the yarn or cloth is
kept under tension during the process, it assumes a silky luster. --
Mer`cer*i*za"tion (#), n.

MERCERSHIP
Mer"cer*ship, n.

Defn: The business of a mercer.

MERCERY
Mer"cer*y, n. Etym: [F. mercerie.]

Defn: The trade of mercers; the goods in which a mercer deals.

MERCHAND
Mer"chand, v. i. Etym: [F. marchander. See Merchant.]

Defn: To traffic. [Obs.] Bacon.

MERCHANDISABLE
Mer"chan*di`sa*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be used or transferred as merchandise.

MERCHANDISE
Mer"chan*dise, n. Etym: [F. marchandise, OF. marcheandise.]

1. The objects of commerce; whatever is usually bought or sold in
trade, or market, or by merchants; wares; goods; commodities.
Spenser.

2. The act or business of trading; trade; traffic.

MERCHANDISE
Mer"chan*dise, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Merchandised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Merchandising.]

Defn: To trade; to carry on commerce. Bacon.

MERCHANDISE
Mer"chan*dise, v. t.

Defn: To make merchandise of; to buy and sell. "Love is
merchandised." Shak.

MERCHANDISER
Mer"chan*di`ser, n.

Defn: A trader. Bunyan.

MERCHANDRY
Mer"chand*ry, n. Etym: [See Merchant.]

Defn: Trade; commerce. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.

MERCHANT
Mer"chant, n. Etym: [OE. marchant, OF. marcheant, F. marchand, fr.
LL. mercatans, -antis, p. pr. of mercatare to negotiate, L. mercari
to traffic, fr. merx, mercis, wares. See Market, Merit, and cf.
Commerce.]

1. One who traffics on a large scale, especially with foreign
countries; a trafficker; a trader.
Others, like merchants, venture trade abroad. Shak.

2. A trading vessel; a merchantman. [Obs.] Shak.

3. One who keeps a store or shop for the sale of goods; a shopkeeper.
[U. S. & Scot.]

MERCHANT
Mer"chant, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or employed in, trade or merchandise; as,
the merchant service. Merchant bar, Merchant iron or steel, certain
common sizes of wrought iron and steel bars.
 -- Merchant service, the mercantile marine of a country. Am. Cyc.
 -- Merchant ship, a ship employed in commerce.
 -- Merchant tailor, a tailor who keeps and sells materials for the
garments which he makes.

MERCHANT
Mer"chant, v. i.

Defn: To be a merchant; to trade. [Obs.]

MERCHANTABLE
Mer"chant*a*ble, a.

Defn: Fit for market; such as is usually sold in market, or such as
will bring the ordinary price; as, merchantable wheat; sometimes, a
technical designation for a particular kind or class.

MERCHANTLY
Mer"chant*ly, a.

Defn: Merchantlike; suitable to the character or business of a
merchant. [Obs.] Gauden.

MERCHANTMAN
Mer"chant*man, n.; pl. Merchantmen (.

1. A merchant. [Obs.] Matt. xiii. 45.

2. A trading vessel; a ship employed in the transportation of goods,
as, distinguished from a man-of-war.

MERCHANTRY
Mer"chant*ry, n.

1. The body of merchants taken collectively; as, the merchantry of a
country.

2. The business of a merchant; merchandise. Walpole.

MERCIABLE
Mer"ci*a*ble, a. Etym: [OF.]

Defn: Merciful. [Obs.]

MERCIFUL
Mer"ci*ful, a. Etym: [Mercy + -ful.]

1. Full of mercy; having or exercising mercy; disposed to pity and
spare offenders; unwilling to punish.
The Lord, the Lord God, merciful and gracious. Ex. xxxiv. 6.
Be merciful, great duke, to men of mold. Shak.

2. Unwilling to give pain; compassionate.
A merciful man will be merciful to his beast. Old Proverb.

Syn.
 -- Compassionate; tender; humane; gracious; kind; mild; clement;
benignant.
 -- Mer"ci*ful*ly, adv.
 -- Mer"ci*ful*ness, n.

MERCIFY
Mer"ci*fy, v. t.

Defn: To pity. [Obs.] Spenser.

MERCILESS
Mer"ci*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of mercy; cruel; unsparing; -- said of animate
beings, and also, figuratively, of things; as, a merciless tyrant;
merciless waves.
The foe is merciless, and will not pity. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Cruel; unmerciful; remorseless; ruthless; pitiless; barbarous;
savage.
 -- Mer"ci*less*ly, adv.
 -- Mer"ci*less*ness, n.

MERCURAMMONIUM
Mer`cur*am*mo"ni*um, n. Etym: [Mercuric + ammonium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A radical regarded as derived from ammonium by the substitution
of mercury for a portion of the hydrogen.

MERCURIAL
Mer*cu"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. mercurialis, fr. Mercurius Mercury: cf. F.
mercuriel.]

1. Having the qualities fabled to belong to the god Mercury; swift;
active; sprightly; fickle; volatile; changeable; as, a mercurial
youth; a mercurial temperament.
A mercurial man Who fluttered over all things like a fan. Byron.

2. Having the form or image of Mercury; -- applied to ancient
guideposts. [Obs.] Chillingworth.

3. Of or pertaining to Mercury as the god of trade; hence, money-
making; crafty.
The mercurial wand of commerce. J. Q. Adams.

4. Of or pertaining to, or containing, mercury; as, mercurial
preparations, barometer. See Mercury, 2.

5. (Med.)

Defn: Caused by the use of mercury; as, mercurial sore mouth.

MERCURIAL
Mer*cu"ri*al, n.

1. A person having mercurial qualities. Bacon.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A preparation containing mercury.

MERCURIALISM
Mer*cu"ri*al*ism, n. [Mercurial + -ism.] (Med.)

Defn: The morbid condition produced by the excessive use of mercury,
or by exposure to its fumes, as in mining or smelting.

MERCURIALIST
Mer*cu"ri*al*ist, n.

1. One under the influence of Mercury; one resembling Mercury in
character.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A physician who uses much mercury, in any of its forms, in his
practice.

MERCURIALIZE
Mer*cu"ri*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mercurialized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Mercurializing.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: To affect with mercury.

2. (Photography)

Defn: To treat with mercury; to expose to the vapor of mercury.

MERCURIALIZE
Mer*cu"ri*al*ize, v. i.

Defn: To be sprightly, fantastic, or capricious. [Obs.]

MERCURIALLY
Mer*cu"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a mercurial manner.

MERCURIC
Mer*cu"ric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, mercury; containing
mercury; -- said of those compounds of mercury into which this
element enters in its lowest proportion. Mercuric chloride, corrosive
sublimate. See Corrosive.

MERCURIFICATION
Mer*cu`ri*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mercurification. See
Mercurify.]

1. (Metal.)

Defn: The process or operation of obtaining the mercury, in its fluid
form, from mercuric minerals.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of compounding, or the state of being
compounded, with mercury. [R.]

MERCURIFY
Mer*cu"ri*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mercurified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Mercurifying.] Etym: [Mercury + -fy.]

1. To obtain mercury from, as mercuric minerals, which may be done by
any application of intense heat that expels the mercury in fumes,
which are afterward condensed. [R.]

2. To combine or mingle mercury with; to impregnate with mercury; to
mercurialize. [R.]

MERCURISM
Mer"cu*rism, n.

Defn: A communication of news; an announcement. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

MERCUROUS
Mer*cu"rous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, mercury; containing
mercury; -- said of those compounds of mercury in which it is present
in its highest proportion. Mercurous chloride. (Chem.) See Calomel.

MERCURY
Mer"cu*ry, n. Etym: [L. Mercurius; akin to merx wares.]

1. (Rom. Myth.)

Defn: A Latin god of commerce and gain; -- treated by the poets as
identical with the Greek Hermes, messenger of the gods, conductor of
souls to the lower world, and god of eloquence.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A metallic element mostly obtained by reduction from cinnabar,
one of its ores. It is a heavy, opaque, glistening liquid (commonly
called quicksilver), and is used in barometers, thermometers, ect.
Specific gravity 13.6. Symbol Hg (Hydrargyrum). Atomic weight 199.8.
Mercury has a molecule which consists of only one atom. It was named
by the alchemists after the god Mercury, and designated by his
symbol, mercury.

Note: Mercury forms alloys, called amalgams, with many metals, and is
thus used in applying tin foil to the backs of mirrors, and in
extracting gold and silver from their ores. It is poisonous, and is
used in medicine in the free state as in blue pill, and in its
compounds as calomel, corrosive sublimate, etc. It is the only metal
which is liquid at ordinary temperatures, and it solidifies at about
-39º Centigrade to a soft, malleable, ductile metal.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: One of the planets of the solar system, being the one nearest
the sun, from which its mean distance is about 36,000,000 miles. Its
period is 88 days, and its diameter 3,000 miles.

4. A carrier of tidings; a newsboy; a messenger; hence, also, a
newspaper. Sir J. Stephen. "The monthly Mercuries." Macaulay.

5. Sprightly or mercurial quality; spirit; mutability; fickleness.
[Obs.]
He was so full of mercury that he could not fix long in any
friendship, or to any design. Bp. Burnet.

6. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Mercurialis annua), of the Spurge family, the leaves
of which are sometimes used for spinach, in Europe.

Note: The name is also applied, in the United States, to certain
climbing plants, some of which are poisonous to the skin, esp. to the
Rhus Toxicodendron, or poison ivy. Dog's mercury (Bot.), Mercurialis
perennis, a perennial plant differing from M. annua by having the
leaves sessile.
 -- English mercury (Bot.), a kind of goosefoot formerly used as a
pot herb; -- called Good King Henry.
 -- Horn mercury (Min.), a mineral chloride of mercury, having a
semitranslucent, hornlike appearance.

MERCURY
Mer"cu*ry, v. t.

Defn: To wash with a preparation of mercury. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

MERCY
Mer"cy, n.; pl. Mercies. Etym: [OE. merci, F. merci, L. merces,
mercedis, hire, pay, reward, LL., equiv. to misericordia pity, mercy.
L. merces is probmerere to deserve, acquire. See Merit, and cf.
Amerce.]

1. Forbearance to inflict harm under circumstances of provocation,
when one has the power to inflict it; compassionate treatment of an
offender or adversary; clemency.
Examples of justice must be made for terror to some; examples of
mercy for comfort to others. Bacon.

2. Compassionate treatment of the unfortunate and helpless;
sometimes, favor, beneficence. Luke x. 37.

3. Disposition to exercise compassion or favor; pity; compassion;
willingness to spare or to help.
In whom mercy lacketh and is not founden. Sir T. Elyot.

4. A blessing regarded as a manifestation of compassion or favor.
The Father of mercies and the God of all comfort. 2 Cor. i. 3.
Mercy seat (Bib.), the golden cover or lid of the Ark of the
Covenant. See Ark, 2.
 -- Sisters of Mercy (R. C. Ch.),a religious order founded in Dublin
in the year 1827. Communities of the same name have since been
established in various American cities. The duties of those belonging
to the order are, to attend lying-in hospitals, to superintend the
education of girls, and protect decent women out of employment, to
visit prisoners and the sick, and to attend persons condemned to
death.
 -- To be at the mercy of, to be wholly in the power of.

Syn.
 -- See Grace.

MERD
Merd, n. Etym: [F. merde, L. merda.]

Defn: Ordure; dung. [Obs.] Burton.

-MERE
-mere. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form meaning part, portion; as, blastomere,
epimere.

MERE
Mere, n. Etym: [Written also mar.] Etym: [OE. mere, AS. mere mere,
sea; akin to D. meer lake, OS. meri sea, OHG. meri, mari, G. meer,
Icel. marr, Goth. marei, Russ. more, W. mor, Ir. & Gael. muir, L.
mare, and perh. to L. mori to die, and meaning originally, that which
is dead, a waste. Cf. Mortal, Marine, Marsh, Mermaid, Moor.]

Defn: A pool or lake. Drayton. Tennyson.

MERE
Mere, n. Etym: [Written also meer and mear.] Etym: [AS. gemære. sq.
root269.]

Defn: A boundary. Bacon.

MERE
Mere, v. t.

Defn: To divide, limit, or bound. [Obs.]
Which meared her rule with Africa. Spenser.

MERE
Mere, n.

Defn: A mare. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MERE
Mere, a. [Superl. Merest. The comparative is rarely or never used.]
Etym: [L. merus.]

1. Unmixed; pure; entire; absolute; unqualified.
Then entered they the mere, main sea. Chapman.
The sorrows of this world would be mere and unmixed. Jer. Taylor.

2. Only this, and nothing else; such, and no more; simple; bare; as,
a mere boy; a mere form.
From mere success nothing can be concluded in favor of any nation.
Atterbury.

MERELY
Mere"ly, adv.

1. Purely; unmixedly; absolutely.
Ulysses was to force forth his access, Though merely naked. Chapman.

2. Not otherwise than; simply; barely; only.
Prize not your life for other ends Than merely to obige your friends.
Swift.

Syn.
 -- Solely; simply; purely; barely; scarcely.

MERENCHYMA
Me*ren"chy*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -enchyma, as in parenchyma.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Tissue composed of spheroidal cells.

MERESMAN
Meres"man, n.

Defn: An officer who ascertains meres or boundaries. [Eng.]

MERESTEAD
Mere"stead, n. Etym: [Mere boundary + stead place.]

Defn: The land within the boundaries of a farm; a farmstead or farm.
[Archaic.] Longfellow.

MERESTONE
Mere"stone`, n.

Defn: A stone designating a limit or boundary; a landmark. Bacon.

MERETRICIOUS
Mer`e*tri"cious, a. Etym: [L. meretricius, from meretrix, -icis, a
prostitute, lit., one who earns money, i. e., by prostitution, fr.
merere to earn, gain. See Merit.]

1. Of or pertaining to prostitutes; having to do with harlots;
lustful; as, meretricious traffic.

2. Resembling the arts of a harlot; alluring by false show; gaudily
and deceitfully ornamental; tawdry; as, meretricious dress or
ornaments.
 -- Mer`e*tri"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Mer`e*tri"cious*ness, n.

MERGANSER
Mer*gan"ser, n. Etym: [Sp. mergánsar, fr. mergo a diver (L. mergus,
fr. mergere to dip, dive) + ánsar goose, L. anser.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird of the genus Merganser, and allied genera. They are
allied to the ducks, but have a sharply serrated bill.

Note: The red-breasted merganser (Merganser serrator) inhabits both
hemispheres. It is called also sawbill, harle, and sheldrake. The
American merganser (M. Americanus.) and the hooded merganser
(Lophodytes cucullatus) are well-known species.
 -- White merganser, the smew or white nun.

MERGE
Merge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Merged; p. pr. & vb. n. Merging.] Etym:
[L. mergere, mersum. Cf. Emerge, Immerse, Marrow.]

Defn: To cause to be swallowed up; to immerse; to sink; to absorb.
To merge all natural ... sentiment in inordinate vanity. Burke.
Whig and Tory were merged and swallowed up in the transcendent duties
of patriots. De Quincey.

MERGE
Merge, v. i.

Defn: To be sunk, swallowed up, or lost.
Native irresolution had merged in stronger motives. I. Taylor.

MERGER
Mer"ger, n.

1. One who, or that which, merges.

2. (Law)

Defn: An absorption of one estate, or one contract, in another, or of
a minor offense in a greater.

MERICARP
Mer"i*carp, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: One carpel of an umbelliferous fruit. See Cremocarp.

MERIDE
Mer"ide ( or ), n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A permanent colony of cells or plastids which may remain
isolated, like Rotifer, or may multiply by gemmation to form higher
aggregates, termed zoides. Perrier.

MERIDIAN
Me*rid"i*an, a. Etym: [F. méridien, L. meridianus pertaining to noon,
fr. meridies noon, midday, for older medidies; medius mid, middle +
dies day. See Mid, and Diurnal.]

1. Being at, or pertaining to, midday; belonging to, or passing
through, the highest point attained by the sun in his diurnal course.
"Meridian hour." Milton.
Tables ... to find the altitude meridian. Chaucer.

2. Pertaining to the highest point or culmination; as, meridian
splendor.

MERIDIAN
Me*rid"i*an, n. Etym: [F. méridien. See Meridian, a.]

1. Midday; noon.

2. Hence: The highest point, as of success, prosperity, or the like;
culmination.
I have touched the highest point of all my greatness, And from that
full meridian of my glory I haste now to my setting. Shak.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: A great circle of the sphere passing through the poles of the
heavens and the zenith of a given place. It is crossed by the sun at
midday.

4. (Geog.)

Defn: A great circle on the surface of the earth, passing through the
poles and any given place; also, the half of such a circle included
between the poles.

Note: The planes of the geographical and astronomical meridians
coincide. Meridians, on a map or globe, are lines drawn at certain
intervals due north and south, or in the direction of the poles.
Calculated for, or fitted to, or adapted to, the meridian of, suited
to the local circumstances, capabilities, or special requirements of.
All other knowledge merely serves the concerns of this life, and is
fitted to the meridian thereof. Sir M. Hale.
-- First meridian, the meridian from which longitudes are reckoned.
The meridian of Greenwich is the one commonly employed in
calculations of longitude by geographers, and in actual practice,
although in various countries other and different meridians, chiefly
those which pass through the capitals of the countries, are
occasionally used; as, in France, the meridian of Paris; in the
United States, the meridian of Washington, etc.
 -- Guide meridian (Public Land Survey), a line, marked by monuments,
running North and South through a section of country between other
more carefully established meridians called principal meridians, used
for reference in surveying. [U.S.] -- Magnetic meridian, a great
circle, passing through the zenith and coinciding in direction with
the magnetic needle, or a line on the earth's surface having the same
direction.
 -- Meridian circle (Astron.), an instrument consisting of a
telescope attached to a large graduated circle and so mounted that
the telescope revolves like the transit instrument in a meridian
plane. By it the right ascension and the declination of a star may be
measured in a single observation.
 -- Meridian instrument (Astron.), any astronomical instrument having
a telescope that rotates in a meridian plane.
 -- Meridian of a globe, or Brass meridian, a graduated circular ring
of brass, in which the artificial globe is suspended and revolves.

MERIDIONAL
Me*rid"i*o*nal, a. Etym: [F. méridional, L. meridionalis, fr.
meridies midday. See Meridian.]

1. Of or pertaining to the meridian.

2. Having a southern aspect; southern; southerly.
Offices that require heat ... should be meridional. Sir H. Wotton.
Meridional distance, the distance or departure from the meridian; the
easting or westing.
 -- Meridional parts, parts of the meridian in Mercator's projection,
corresponding to each minute of latitude from the equator up to 70 or
80 degrees; tabulated numbers representing these parts used in
projecting charts, and in solving cases in Mercator's sailing.

MERIDIONALITY
Me*rid`i*o*nal"i*ty, n.

1. The state of being in the meridian.

2. Position in the south; aspect toward the south.

MERIDIONALLY
Me*rid"i*o*nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In the direction of the meridian.

MERILS
Mer"ils, n. Etym: [F. mérelle, marelle, marelles, LL. marella,
marrella. Cf. Morris the game.]

Defn: A boy's play, called also fivepenny morris. See Morris.

MERINGUE
Me`ringue" (F. ; E. ), n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A delicate pastry made of powdered sugar and the whites of eggs
whipped up, -- with jam or cream added.

MERINO
Me*ri"no, a. Etym: [Sp. merino moving from pasture to pasture, fr.
merino a royal judge and superintendent or inspector of sheep walks,
LL. merinus, fr. majorinus, i. e., major villmajor greater. See
Major. Merino sheep are driven at certain seasons from one part of
Spain to another, in large flocks, for pasturage.]

1. Of or pertaining to a variety of sheep with very fine wool,
originally bred in Spain.

2. Made of the wool of the merino sheep.

MERINO
Me*ri"no, n.; pl. Merinos. Etym: [Sp.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A breed of sheep originally from Spain, noted for the fineness
of its wool.

2. A fine fabric of merino wool.

MERISMATIC
Mer`is*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Dividing into cells or segments; characterized by separation
into two or more parts or sections by the formation of internal
partitions; as, merismatic growth, where one cell divides into many.

MERISTEM
Mer"i*stem, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A tissue of growing cells, or cells capable of further
division.

MERIT
Mer"it, n. Etym: [F. mérite, L. meritum, fr. merere, mereri, to
deserve, merit; prob. originally, to get a share; akin to Gr. Market,
Merchant, Mercer, Mercy.]

1. The quality or state of deserving well or ill; desert.
Here may men see how sin hath his merit. Chaucer.
Be it known, that we, the greatest, are misthought For things that
others do; and when we fall, We answer other's merits in our name.
Shak.

2. Esp. in a good sense: The quality or state of deserving well;
worth; excellence.
Reputation is ... oft got without merit, and lost without deserving.
Shak.
To him the wit of Greece and Rome was known, And every author's
merit, but his own. Pope.

3. Reward deserved; any mark or token of excellence or approbation;
as, his teacher gave him ten merits.
Those laurel groves, the merits of thy youth. Prior.

MERIT
Mer"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Merited; p. pr. & vb. n. Meriting.] Etym:
[F. mériter, L. meritare, v. intens. fr. merere. See Merit, n.]

1. To earn by service or performance; to have a right to claim as
reward; to deserve; sometimes, to deserve in a bad sense; as, to
merit punishment. "This kindness merits thanks." Shak.

2. To reward. [R. & Obs.] Chapman.

MERIT
Mer"it, v. i.

Defn: To acquire desert; to gain value; to receive benefit; to
profit. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

MERITABLE
Mer"it*a*ble, a.

Defn: Deserving of reward. [R.]

MERITEDLY
Mer"it*ed*ly, adv.

Defn: By merit; deservedly.

MERITHAL; MERITHALLUS
Mer"i*thal, Mer`i*thal"lus, n. Etym: [NL. merithallus, fr. Gr. or
(Bot.)

Defn: Same as Internode.

MERITMONGER
Mer"it*mon`ger, n.

Defn: One who depends on merit for salvation. [Obs.] Milner.

MERITORIOUS
Mer`i*to"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. meritorius that brings in money.]

Defn: Possessing merit; deserving of reward or honor; worthy of
recompense; valuable.
And meritorious shall that hand be called, Canonized, and worshiped
as a saint. Shak.
-- Mer`i*to"ri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Mer`i*to"ri*ous*ness, n.

MERITORY
Mer"i*to*ry, a.

Defn: Meritorious. [Obs.]

MERITOT
Mer"i*tot, n.

Defn: A play of children, in swinging on ropes, or the like, till
they are dizzy.

MERK
Merk, n. Etym: [See Marc.]

Defn: An old Scotch silver coin; a mark or marc. [Scot.]

MERK
Merk, n.

Defn: A mark; a sign. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MERKE
Merke, a.

Defn: Murky. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

MERKIN
Mer"kin, n.

Defn: Originally, a wig; afterwards, a mop for cleaning cannon.

MERL; MERLE
Merl, Merle, n. Etym: [F. merle, L. merula, merulus. Cf. Ousel.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The European blackbird. See Blackbird. Drayton.

MERLIN
Mer"lin, n. Etym: [OE. merlion, F. émerillon ; cf. OHG. smirl, G.
schmerl ; prob. fr. L. merula blackbird. Cf. Merle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European falcon (Falco lithofalco, or F. æsalon).

MERLING
Mer"ling, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European whiting.

MERLON
Mer"lon, n. Etym: [F., perh. fr. L. moerus, for murus a wall, through
(assumed) dim. moerulus.] (Fort.)

Defn: One of the solid parts of a battlemented parapet; a battlement.
See Illust. of Battlement.

MERLUCE
Mer"luce, n. Etym: [F. merluche, merlus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European hake; -- called also herring hake and sea pike.

MERMAID
Mer"maid, n. Etym: [AS. mere lake, sea. See Mere lake, and maid.]

Defn: A fabled marine creature, typically represented as having the
upper part like that of a woman, and the lower like a fish; a sea
nymph, sea woman, or woman fish.

Note: Chaucer uses this word as equivalent to the siren of the
ancients. Mermaid fish (Zoöl.) the angel fish (Squatina).
 -- Mermaid's glove (Zoöl.), a British branched sponge somewhat
resembling a glove.
 -- Mermaid's head (Zoöl.), a European spatangoid sea urchin
(Echinocardium cordatum) having some resemblance to a skull.
 -- Mermaid weed (Bot.), an aquatic herb with dentate or pectinate
leaves (Proserpinaca palustris and P. pectinacea).

MERMAN
Mer"man, n.; pl. Mermen (.

Defn: The male corresponding to mermaid; a sea man, or man fish.

MERO; MERO DE LOALTO; MERO CABROLLA
Me"ro, n. [Sp.; cf. Pg. mero.]

Defn: Any of several large groupers of warm seas, esp. the guasa
(Epinephelus guaza), the red grouper (E. morio), the black grouper
(E. nigritas), distinguished as Me"ro de lo al"to, and a species
called also rock hind, distinguished as Me"ro ca*brol"la.

MEROBLAST
Mer"o*blast, n. Etym: [Gr. -blast.] (Biol.)

Defn: An ovum, as that of a mammal, only partially composed of
germinal matter, that is, consisting of both a germinal portion and
an albuminous or nutritive one; -- opposed to holoblast.

MEROBLASTIC
Mer`o*blas"tic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Consisting only in part of germinal matter; characterized by
partial segmentation only; as, meroblastic ova, in which a portion of
the yolk only undergoes fission; meroblastic segmentation; -- opposed
to holoblastic.

MEROCELE
Me"ro*cele, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Hernia in the thigh; femoral hernia .

MEROISTIC
Mer`o*is"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Applied to the ovaries of insects when they secrete
vitelligenous cells, as well as ova.

MEROPIDAN
Me*rop"i*dan, n. Etym: [L. merops a bee-eating bird, Gr. me`rops.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a family of birds (Meropidæ), including the bee-eaters.

MEROPODITE
Me*rop"o*dite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fourth joint of a typical appendage of Crustacea.

MERORGANIZATION
Mer*or`gan*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Gr. organization.]

Defn: Organization in part. [R.]

MEROS
Me"ros, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: The plain surface between the channels of a triglyph. [Written
also merus.] Weale.

MEROS
Me"ros, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The proximal segment of the hind limb; the thigh.

MEROSOME
Mer"o*some, n. Etym: [Gr. -some body.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the serial segments, or metameres, of which the bodies
of vertebrate and articulate animals are composed.

MEROSTOMATA
Mer`o*stom"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of Arthropoda, allied to the Crustacea. It includes the
trilobites, Eurypteroidea, and Limuloidea. All are extinct except the
horseshoe crabs of the last group. See Limulus.

MEROU
Mé`rou", n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Jack, 8 (c).

MEROVINGIAN
Mer`o*vin"gi*an, a. Etym: [From Merovaeus, the Latin name of a king
of the Franks.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the first Frankish dynasty in Gaul or
France.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the kings of this dynasty.

MEROZOITE
Mer`o*zo"ite, n. [Gr.  part + Sporozoa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A form of spore, usually elongate or falciform, and somewhat
amoboid, produced by segmentation of the schizonts of certain
Sporozoa, as the malaria parasite.

MERRILY
Mer"ri*ly, adv. Etym: [From Merry.]

Defn: In a merry manner; with mirth; with gayety and laughter;
jovially. See Mirth, and Merry.
Merrily sing, and sport, and play. Granville.

MERRIMAKE
Mer"ri*make`, n.

Defn: See Merrymake, n.

MERRIMAKE
Mer"ri*make`, v. i.

Defn: See Merrymake, v. Gay.

MERRIMENT
Mer"ri*ment, n.

Defn: Gayety, with laughter; mirth; frolic. "Follies and light
merriment." Spenser.
Methought it was the sound Of riot and ill-managed merriment. Milton.

MERRINESS
Mer"ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being merry; merriment; mirth; gayety,
with laughter.

MERRY
Mer"ry, a. [Compar. Merrier; superl. Merriest.] Etym: [OE. merie,
mirie, murie, merry, pleasant, AS. merge, myrige, pleasant; cf.
murge, adv.; prob. akin to OHG. murg, short, Goth. gamaúrgjan to
shorten; cf. L. murcus a coward, who cuts off his thumb to escape
military service; the Anglo-Saxon and English meanings coming from
the idea of making the time seem short. Cf. Mirth.]

1. Laughingly gay; overflowing with good humor and good spirits;
jovial; inclined to laughter or play ; sportive.
They drank, and were merry with him. Gen. xliii. 34.
I am never merry when I hear sweet music. Shak.

2. Cheerful; joyous; not sad; happy.
Is any merry Jas. v. 13.

3. Causing laughter, mirth, gladness, or delight; as, merry jest.
"Merry wind and weather." Spenser. Merry dancers. See under Dancer.
 -- Merry men, followers; retainers. [Obs.]
His merie men commanded he To make him bothe game and glee. Chaucer.
-- To make merry, to be jovial; to indulge in hilarity; to feast with
mirth. Judg. ix. 27.

Syn.
 -- Cheerful; blithe; lively; sprightly; vivacious; gleeful; joyous;
mirthful; jocund; sportive; hilarious.

MERRY
Mer"ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of wild red cherry.

MERRY-ANDREW
Mer"ry-an"drew, n.

Defn: One whose business is to make sport for others; a buffoon; a
zany; especially, one who attends a mountebank or quack doctor.

Note: This term is said to have originated from one Andrew Borde, an
English physician of the 16th century, who gained patients by
facetious speeches to the multitude.

MERRY-GO-ROUND
Mer"ry-go`-round", n.

Defn: Any revolving contrivance for affording amusement; esp., a ring
of flying hobbyhorses.

MERRYMAKE
Mer"ry*make`, n.

Defn: Mirth; frolic; a meeting for mirth; a festival. [Written also
merrimake.]

MERRYMAKE
Mer"ry*make`, v. i.

Defn: To make merry; to be jolly; to feast. [Written also merrimake.]

MERRYMAKER
Mer"ry*mak`er, n.

Defn: One who makes merriment or indulges in conviviality; a jovial
comrade.

MERRYMAKING
Mer"ry*mak`ing, a.

Defn: Making or producing mirth; convivial; jolly.

MERRYMAKING
Mer"ry*mak`ing, n.

Defn: The act of making merry; conviviality; merriment; jollity.
Wordsworth.

MERRYMEETING
Mer"ry*meet`ing, n.

Defn: A meeting for mirth.

MERRYTHOUGHT
Mer"ry*thought`, n.

Defn: The forked bone of a fowl's breast; -- called also wishbone.
See Furculum.

Note: It is a sportive custom for two persons to break this bone by
pulling the ends apart to see who will get the longer piece, the
securing of which is regarded as a lucky omen, signifying that the
person holding it will obtain the gratification of some secret wish.

MERSION
Mer"sion, n. Etym: [L. mersio. See Merge.]

Defn: Immersion [R.] Barrow.

MERULIDAN
Me*ru"li*dan, n. Etym: [L. merula, merulus, blackbird. See Merle.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the Thrush family.

MERUS
Me"rus, n. Etym: [NL.] (Arch.)

Defn: See Meros.

MERVAILLE
Mer"vaille`, n.

Defn: Marvel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MES-
Mes-.

Defn: See Meso-.

MESA
Me"sa, Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A high tableland; a plateau on a hill. [Southwestern U.S.]
Bartlett.

MESACONATE
Mes*ac"o*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of mesaconic acid.

MESACONIC
Mes`a*con"ic, a. Etym: [Mes- + -aconic, as in citraconic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, one of several isomeric acids
obtained from citric acid.

MESAD
Mes"ad, adv.

Defn: Same as Mesiad.

MESAL
Mes"al, a.

Defn: Same as Mesial.

MESALLIANCE
Mé`sal`li`ance", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A marriage with a person of inferior social position; a
misalliance.

MESALLY
Mes"al*ly, adv.

Defn: Same as Mesially.

MESAMEBOID; MESAMOEBOID
Mes`a*me"boid, Mes`a*moe"boid, n. Etym: [Mes- + amoeboid.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of a class of independent, isolated cells found in the
mesoderm, while the germ layers are undergoing differentiation.

MESARAIC
Mes`a*ra"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Mesenteric.

MESATICEPHALIC
Mes`a*ti*ce*phal"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. midmost + E. cephalic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Having the ratio of the length to the breadth of the cranium a
medium one; neither brachycephalic nor dolichocephalic.

MESATICEPHALOUS
Mes`a*ti*ceph"a*lous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Mesaticephalic.

MESCAL
Mes*cal", n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A distilled liquor prepared in Mexico from a species of agave.
See Agave.

MESDAMES
Mes`dames" (F. , E. ), n.,

Defn: pl. of Madame and Madam.

MESEEMS
Me*seems", v. impers. [imp. Meseemed.]

Defn: It seems to me. [Poetic]

MESEL
Me"sel, n. Etym: [See Measle.]

Defn: A leper. [Obs.]

MESELRY
Me"sel*ry, n.

Defn: Leprosy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM
Me*sem`bry*an"the*mum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbaceous or suffruticose plants, chiefly natives
of South Africa. The leaves are opposite, thick, and f

MESENCEPHALIC
Mes`en*ce*phal"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the mesencephalon or midbrain.

MESENCEPHALON
Mes`en*ceph"a*lon, n. Etym: [NL. See Meso- and Encephalon.] (Anat.)

Defn: The middle segment of the brain; the midbrain. Sometimes
abbreviated to mesen. See Brain.

MESENCHYMA
Mes*en"chy*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -enchyma, as in E. parenchyma.]
(Biol.)

Defn: The part of the mesoblast which gives rise to the connective
tissues and blood.

MESENTERIC
Mes`en*ter"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. mésentérique.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to a mesentery; mesaraic.

MESENTERON
Mes*en"te*ron, n. Etym: [NL. See Meso-, and Enteron.] (Anat.)

Defn: All that part of the alimentary canal which is developed from
the primitive enteron and is lined with hypoblast. It is
distinguished from the stomod, a part at the anterior end of the
canal, including the cavity of the mouth, and the proctod, a part at
the posterior end, which are formed by invagination and are lined
with epiblast.

MESENTERY
Mes"en*ter*y, n. Etym: [Gr. mésentère.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The membranes, or one of the membranes (consisting of a fold of
the peritoneum and inclosed tissues), which connect the intestines
and their appendages with the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity.
The mesentery proper is connected with the jejunum and ilium, the
other mesenteries being called mesoc, mesocolon, mesorectum, etc.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the vertical muscular radiating partitions which divide
the body cavity of Anthozoa into chambers.

MESERAIC
Mes`e*ra"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Mesaraic.

MESETHMOID
Mes*eth"moid, a. Etym: [Mes- + ethmoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the middle of the ethmoid region or ethmoid
bone.
 -- n. (Anat.)

Defn: The median vertical plate, or median element, of the ethmoid
bone.

MESH
Mesh, n. Etym: [AS. masc, max, m; akin to D. maas, masche, OHG.
masca, Icel. möskvi; cf. Lith. mazgas a knot, megsti to weave nets,
to knot.]

1. The opening or space inclosed by the threads of a net between knot
and knot, or the threads inclosing such a space; network; a net.
A golden mesh to entrap the hearts of men. Shak.

2. (Gearing)

Defn: The engagement of the teeth of wheels, or of a wheel and rack.
Mesh stick, a stick on which the mesh is formed in netting.

MESH
Mesh, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Meshed; p. pr. & vb. n. Meshing.]

Defn: To catch in a mesh. Surrey.

MESH
Mesh, v. i. (Gearing)

Defn: To engage with each other, as the teeth of wheels.

MESHED
Meshed, a.

Defn: Mashed; brewed. [Obs.] Shak.

MESHY
Mesh"y, a.

Defn: Formed with meshes; netted.

MESIAD
Mes"i*ad, adv. Etym: [Gr. ad to.] (Anat.)

Defn: Toward, or on the side toward, the mesial plane; mesially; --
opposed to laterad.

MESIAL
Me"sial, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Middle; median; in, or in the region of, the mesial plane;
internal; -- opposed to lateral. Mesial plane. (Anat.) See Meson.

MESIALLY
Me"sial*ly, adv. (Anat.)

Defn: In, near, or toward, the mesial plane; mesiad.

MESITYL
Mes"i*tyl, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical formerly supposed to exist in mesityl
oxide. Mesityl oxide (Chem.), a volatile liquid having the odor of
peppermint, obtained by certain dehydrating agents from acetone; --
formerly called also dumasin.

MESITYLENATE
Me*sit"y*le*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of mesitylenic acid.

MESITYLENE
Me*sit"y*lene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, fragrant liquid, C6H3(CH3)3, of the benzene series
of hydrocarbons, obtained by distilling acetone with sulphuric acid.
 -- Me*sit`y*len"ic, a.

MESITYLOL
Me*sit"y*lol, n. Etym: [Mesitylene + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline substance obtained from mesitylene.

MESLIN
Mes"lin ( or ), n.

Defn: See Maslin.

MESMEREE
Mes`mer*ee", n.

Defn: A person subjected to mesmeric influence; one who is
mesmerized. [R.]

MESMERIC; MESMERICAL
Mes*mer"ic, Mes*mer"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. mesmérique.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or induced by, mesmerism; as, mesmeric
sleep.

MESMERISM
Mes"mer*ism, n. Etym: [From Mesmer, who first brought it into notice
at Vienna, about 1775: cf. F. mesmérisme.]

Defn: The art of inducing an extraordinary or abnormal state of the
nervous system, in which the actor claims to control the actions, and
communicate directly with the mind, of the recipient. See Animal
magnetism, under Magnetism.

MESMERIST
Mes"mer*ist, n.

Defn: One who practices, or believes in, mesmerism.

MESMERIZATION
Mes`mer*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of mesmerizing; the state of being mesmerized.

MESMERIZE
Mes"mer*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mesmerized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Mesmerizing.]

Defn: To bring into a state of mesmeric sleep.

MESMERIZER
Mes"mer*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who mesmerizes.

MESNE
Mesne, a. Etym: [Cf. Mean intermediate.] (Law)

Defn: Middle; intervening; as, a mesne lord, that is, a lord who
holds land of a superior, but grants a part of it to another person,
in which case he is a tenant to the superior, but lord or superior to
the second grantee, and hence is called the mesne lord. Mesne
process, intermediate process; process intervening between the
beginning and end of a suit, sometimes understood to be the whole
process preceding the execution. Blackstone. Burrill.
 -- Mesne profits, profits of premises during the time the owner has
been wrongfully kept out of the possession of his estate. Burrill.

MESO-; MES-
Mes"o-, Mes-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form denoting in the middle, intermediate; specif.
(Chem.), denoting a type of hydrocarbons which are regarded as
methenyl derivatives. Also used adjectively.

MESOARIUM
Mes`o*a"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The fold of peritoneum which suspends the ovary from the dorsal
wall of the body cavity.

MESOBLAST
Mes"o*blast, n. Etym: [Meso- + -blast.] (Biol.)
(a) The mesoderm.
(b) The cell nucleus; mesoplast.

MESOBLASTIC
Mes`o*blas"tic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to the mesoblast; as, the mesoblastic layer.

MESOBRANCHIAL
Mes`o*bran"chi*al, a. Etym: [Meso- + branchial.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a region of the carapace of a crab covering
the middle branchial region.

MESOBRONCHIUM
Mes`o*bron"chi*um, n.; pl. Mesobronchia. Etym: [NL. See Meso-, and
Bronchia.] (Anat.)

Defn: The main bronchus of each lung.

MESOCAECUM
Mes`o*cæ"cum, n. (Anat.) Etym: [NL. See Meso-, and Cæcum.]

Defn: The fold of peritoneum attached to the cæcum.
 -- Mes`o*cæ"cal, a.

MESOCARP
Mes"o*carp, n. Etym: [Meso- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The middle layer of a pericarp which consists of three distinct
or dissimilar layers. Gray.

MESOCEPHALIC
Mes`o*ce*phal"ic, a. Etym: [Meso- + cephalic.] (Anat.)
(a) Of or pertaining to, or in the region of, the middle of the head;
as, the mesocephalic flexure.
(b) Having the cranial cavity of medium capacity; neither
megacephalic nor microcephalic.
(c) Having the ratio of the length to the breadth of the cranium a
medium one; mesaticephalic.

MESOCEPHALON
Mes`o*ceph"a*lon, n. Etym: [NL. See Meso-, and Cephalon.] (Anat.)

Defn: The pons Varolii.

MESOCEPHALOUS
Mes`o*ceph"a*lous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Mesocephalic.

MESOCOELE; MESOCOELIA
Mes`o*coe"le, Mes`o*coe"li*a, n. Etym: [NL. mesocoelia. See Meso-,
and Coelia.] (Anat.)

Defn: The cavity of the mesencephalon; the iter.

MESOCOLON
Mes`o*co"lon, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. mésocôlon.] (Anat.)

Defn: The fold of peritoneum, or mesentery, attached to the colon.
 -- Mes`o*col"ic, a.

MESOCORACOID
Mes`o*cor"a*coid, n. Etym: [Meso- + coracoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: A process from the middle of the coracoid in some animals.

MESOCUNEIFORM; MESOCUNIFORM
Mes`o*cu*ne"i*form, Mes`o*cu"ni*form, n. Etym: [Meso- + cuneiform,
cuniform.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the bones of the tarsus. See 2d Cuneiform.

MESODERM
Mes"o*derm, n. Etym: [Meso- + Gr. (Biol.)
(a) The layer of the blastoderm, between the ectoderm and endoderm;
mesoblast. See Illust. of Blastoderm and Ectoderm.
(b) The middle body layer in some invertebrates.
(c) The middle layer of tissue in some vegetable structures.

MESODERMAL
Mes`o*der"mal, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the mesoderm; as, mesodermal
tissues.

MESODERMIC
Mes`o*der"mic, a.

Defn: Same as Mesodermal.

MESODONT
Mes"o*dont, a. Etym: [Meso- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having teeth of moderate size.

MESOGASTER
Mes`o*gas"ter, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The fold of peritoneum connecting the stomach with the dorsal
wall of the abdominal cavity; the mesogastrium.

MESOGASTRIC
Mes`o*gas"tric, a. Etym: [Meso- + gastric.]

1. (Anat.)
(a) Of or pertaining to the middle region of the abdomen, or of the
stomach.
(b) Of or pertaining to the mesogaster.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the middle gastric lobe of the carapace of
a crab.

MESOGASTRIUM
Mes`o*gas"tri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Mesogaster.] (Anat.)
(a) The umbilical region.
(b) The mesogaster.

MESOGLEA; MESOGLOEA
Mes`o*gloe"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A thin gelatinous tissue separating the ectoderm and endoderm
in certain coelenterates.
 -- Mes`o*gloeal, a.

MESOGNATHOUS
Me*sog"na*thous, a. Etym: [Meso- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the jaws slightly projecting; between prognathous and
orthognathous. See Gnathic index, under Gnathic.

MESOHEPAR
Mes`o*he"par, n. Etym: [NL. See Meso-, and Hepar.] (Anat.)

Defn: A fold of the peritoneum connecting the liver with the dorsal
wall of the abdominal cavity.

MESOHIPPUS
Mes`o*hip"pus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct mammal of the Horse family, but not larger than a
sheep, and having three toes on each foot.

MESOLABE
Mes"o*labe, n. Etym: [L. mesolabium, Gr.

Defn: An instrument of the ancients for finding two mean
proportionals between two given lines, required in solving the
problem of the duplication of the cube. Brande & C.

MESOLE
Mes"ole, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Thomsonite.

MESOLITE
Mes"o*lite, n. Etym: [Meso- + -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A zeolitic mineral, grayish white or yellowish, occuring in
delicate groups of crystals, also fibrous massive. It is a hydrous
silicate of alumina, lime, and soda.

MESOLOGARITHM
Mes`o*log"a*rithm, n. Etym: [Meso- + logarithm : cf. F.
mésologarithme.] (Math.)

Defn: A logarithm of the cosine or cotangent. [Obs.] Kepler. Hutton.

MESOMETRIUM
Mes`o*me"tri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Meso-, and Metrium.] (Anat.)

Defn: The fold of the peritoneum supporting the oviduct.

MESOMYCETES
Mes`o*my*ce"tes, n. pl. [NL.; meso- + mycetes.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the three classes into which the fungi are divided in
Brefeld's classification. -- Mes`o*my*ce"tous (#), a.

MESOMYODIAN
Mes`o*my*o"di*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird having a mesomyodous larynx.

MESOMYODOUS
Mes`o*my"o*dous, a. Etym: [Meso- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the intrinsic muscles of the larynx attached to the
middle of the semirings.

MESON
Mes"on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The mesial plane dividing the body of an animal into similar
right and left halves. The line in which it meets the dorsal surface
has been called the dorsimeson, and the corresponding ventral edge
the ventrimeson. B. G. Wilder.

MESONASAL
Mes`o*na"sal, a. Etym: [Meso- + nasal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the middle portion of the nasal region.

MESONEPHRIC
Mes`o*neph"ric, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the mesonephros; as, the mesonephric, or
Wolffian, duct.

MESONEPHROS
Mes`o*neph"ros, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The middle one of the three pairs of embryonic renal organs
developed in most vertebrates; the Wolffian body.

MESONOTUM
Mes`o*no"tum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dorsal portion of the mesothorax of insects.

MESOPHLOEUM
Mes`o*phloe"um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The middle bark of a tree; the green layer of bark, usually
soon covered by the outer or corky layer, and obliterated.

MESOPHRYON
Me*soph"ry*on, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: See Glabella.

MESOPHYLLUM
Mes`o*phyl"lum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The parenchyma of a leaf between the skin of the two surfaces.
Gray.

MESOPLAST
Mes"o*plast, n. Etym: [Meso- + -plast.] (Biol.)

Defn: The nucleus of a cell; mesoblast. Agassix.

MESOPODIAL
Mes`o*po"di*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the mesopodialia or to the parts of the
limbs to which they belong.

MESOPODIALE
Mes`o*po`di*a"le, n.; pl. Mesopodialia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the bones of either the carpus or tarsus.

MESOPODIUM
Mes`o*po"di*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Mesopodiale.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The middle portion of the foot in the Gastropoda and Pteropoda.

MESOPTERYGIUM
Me*sop`te*ryg"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The middle one of the three principal basal cartilages in the
fins of fishes.
 -- Me*sop`ter*yg"i*al, a.

MESORCHIUM
Me*sor"chi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The fold of peritoneum which attaches the testis to the dorsal
wall of the body cavity or scrotal sac.

MESORECTUM
Mes`o*rec"tum, n. Etym: [Meso- + rectum.] (Anat.)

Defn: The fold of peritoneum, or mesentery, attached to the rectum.
 -- Mes`o*rec"tal, a.

MESORHINE
Mes"o*rhine, a. Etym: [Meso- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the nose of medium width; between leptorhine and
platyrhine.

MESOSAURIA
Mes`o*sau"ri*a, n.

Defn: Same as Mosasauria.

MESOSCAPULA
Mes`o*scap"u*la, n. Etym: [Meso- + scapula.] (Anat.)

Defn: A process from the middle of the scapula in some animals; the
spine of the scapula.

MESOSCAPULAR
Mes`o*scap"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the mesoscapula.

MESOSCUTUM
Mes`o*scu"tum, n. Etym: [Meso- + scutum.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The scutum or dorsal plate of the middle thoracic segment of an
insect. See Illust. of Butterfly.

MESOSEME
Mes"o*seme, a. Etym: [Meso- + Gr. mésosème.] (Anat.)

Defn: Having a medium orbital index; having orbits neither broad nor
narrow; between megaseme and microseme.

MESOSIDERITE
Mes`o*sid"er*ite, n. Etym: [Meso- + siderite.] (Min.)

Defn: See the Note under Meteorite.

MESOSPERM
Mes"o*sperm, n. Etym: [Meso- + Gr. mésosperme.] (Bot.)

Defn: A membrane of a seed. See Secundine.

MESOSTATE
Mes"o*state, n. Etym: [Meso- + Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A product of metabolic action.

Note: Every mesostate is either an anastate or katastate, according
as it is formed by an anabolic or katabolic process. See Metabolism.

MESOSTERNAL
Mes`o*ster"nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the mesosternum.

MESOSTERNUM
Mes`o*ster"num, n. Etym: [Meso- + sternum.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The middle portion, or body, of the sternum.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ventral piece of the middle segment of the thorax in
insects.

MESOTARTARIC
Mes`o*tar*tar"ic, a. Etym: [Meso- + tartaric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid called also inactive
tartaric acid.

MESOTHECA
Mes`o*the"ca, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The middle layer of the gonophore in the Hydrozoa.

MESOTHELIUM
Mes`o*the"li*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. thelium.] (Biol.)

Defn: Epithelial mesoderm; a layer of cuboidal epithelium cells,
formed from a portion of the mesoderm during the differetiation of
the germ layers. It constitutes the boundary of the coelum.

MESOTHORACIC
Mes`o*tho*rac"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the mesothorax.

MESOTHORAX
Mes`o*tho"rax, n. Etym: [Meso- + thorax: cf. F. mésothorax.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The middle segment of the thorax in insects. See Illust. of
Coleoptera.

MESOTHORIUM
Mes`o*tho"ri*um, n. [NL.; meso-+ thorium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A radioactive product intermediate between thorium and
radiothorium, with a period of 5.5 years.

MESOTROCHAL
Mes"o*tro`chal, a. Etym: [Meso- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the middle of the body surrounded by bands of cilia; --
said of the larvæ of certain marine annelids.

MESOTYPE
Mes"o*type, n. Etym: [Meso- + -type: cf. F. mésotype.] (Min.)

Defn: An old term covering natrolite or soda mesolite, scolecite or
lime mesotype, and mesolite or lime-soda mesotype.

MESOVARIUM
Mes`o*va"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Meso-, and Ovary.] (Anat.)

Defn: The fold of peritoneum connecting the ovary with the wall of
the abdominal cavity.

MESOXALATE
Mes*ox"a*late, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of mesoxalic acid.

MESOXALIC
Mes`ox*al"ic, a. Etym: [Mes- + oxalic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, CH2O2(CO2H)2, obtained
from amido malonic acid.

MESOZOA
Mes`o*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Mesozoic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of very lowly organized, wormlike parasites, including
the Dicyemata. They are found in cephalopods. See Dicyemata.

MESOZOIC
Mes`o*zo"ic, a. Etym: [Meso- + Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: Belonging, or relating, to the secondary or reptilian age, or
the era between the Paleozoic and Cenozoic. See Chart of Geology.

MESOZOIC
Mes`o*zo"ic, n.

Defn: The Mesozoic age or formation.

MESPRISE
Mes*prise", n. Etym: [OF. mespris, F. mépris. See Misprize.]

1. Contempt; scorn. [Obs.]

2. Etym: [Perh. for F. méprise mistake. Cf. Misprision.]

Defn: Misadventure; ill-success. [Obs.] Spenser.

MESQUITE; MESQUIT
Mes*qui"te, Mes*quit", n. Etym: [Sp. mezquite; said to be a Mexican
Indian word.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name for two trees of the southwestern part of North America,
the honey mesquite, and screw-pod mesquite. Honey mesquite. See
Algaroba (b).
 -- Screw-pod mesquite, a smaller tree (Prosopis pubescens), having
spiral pods used as fodder and sometimes as food by the Indians.
 -- Mesquite grass, a rich native grass in Western Texas (Bouteloua
oligostachya, and other species); -- so called from its growing in
company with the mesquite tree; -- called also muskit grass, grama
grass.

MESQUITE BEAN
Mes*qui"te bean.

Defn: The pod or seed of the mesquite.

MESS
Mess, n.

Defn: Mass; church service. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MESS
Mess, n. Etym: [OE. mes, OF. mets, LL. missum, p. p. of mittere to
put, place (e. g., on the table), L. mittere to send. See Mission,
and cf. Mass religious service.]

1. A quantity of food set on a table at one time; provision of food
for a person or party for one meal; as, a mess of pottage; also, the
food given to a beast at one time.
At their savory dinner set Of herbs and other country messes. Milton.

2. A number of persons who eat together, and for whom food is
prepared in common; especially, persons in the military or naval
service who eat at the same table; as, the wardroom mess. Shak.

3. A set of four; -- from the old practice of dividing companies into
sets of four at dinner. [Obs.] Latimer.

4. The milk given by a cow at one milking. [U.S.]

5. Etym: [Perh. corrupt. fr. OE. mesh for mash: cf. muss.]

Defn: A disagreeable mixture or confusion of things; hence, a
situation resulting from blundering or from misunderstanding; as, he
made a mess of it. [Colloq.]

MESS
Mess, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Messed; p. pr. & vb. n. Messing.]

Defn: To take meals with a mess; to belong to a mess; to eat (with
others); as, I mess with the wardroom officers. Marryat.

MESS
Mess, v. t.

Defn: To supply with a mess.

MESSAGE
Mes"sage (; 48), n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. missaticum, fr. L. mittere,
missum, to send. See Mission, and cf. Messenger.]

1. Any notice, word, or communication, written or verbal, sent from
one person to another.
Ehud said, I have a message from God unto thee. Judg. iii. 20.

2. Hence, specifically, an official communication, not made in
person, but delivered by a messenger; as, the President's message.
Message shell. See Shell.

MESSAGE
Mes"sage, v. t.

Defn: To bear as a message. [Obs.]

MESSAGE
Mes"sage, n. Etym: [OE., fr. OF. message, fr. LL. missaticus. See 1st
Message.]

Defn: A messenger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MESSAGER
Mes"sa*ger, n. Etym: [OE.]

Defn: A messenger. [Obs.]

MESSAGE STICK
Mes"sage stick.

Defn: A stick, carved with lines and dots, used, esp. by Australian
aborigines, to convey information.

MESS BEEF
Mess beef.

Defn: Barreled salt beef, packed with about 80 pounds chuck and rump,
two flanks, and the rest plates.

MESSENGER
Mes"sen*ger, n. Etym: [OE. messager, OF. messagier, F. messager. See
Message.]

1. One who bears a message; the bearer of a verbal or written
communication, notice, or invitation, from one person to another, or
to a public body; specifically, an office servant who bears messages.

2. One who, or that which, foreshows, or foretells.
Yon gray lines That fret the clouds are messengers of day. Shak.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A hawser passed round the capstan, and having its two ends
lashed together to form an endless rope or chain; -- formerly used
for heaving in the cable.

4. (Law)

Defn: A person appointed to perform certain ministerial duties under
bankrupt and insolvent laws, such as to take charge og the estate of
the bankrupt or insolvent. Bouvier. Tomlins.

Syn.
 -- Carrier; intelligencer; courier; harbinger; forerunner;
precursor; herald. Messenger bird, the secretary bird, from its
swiftness.

MESSET
Mes"set, n.

Defn: A dog. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

MESSIAD
Mes*si"ad, n.

Defn: A German epic poem on the Messiah, by Klopstock.

MESSIAH
Mes*si"ah, n. Etym: [Heb. mashiakh anointed, fr. mashakh to anoint.
Cf. Messias.]

Defn: The expected king and deliverer of the Hebrews; the Savior;
Christ.
And told them the Messiah now was born. Milton.

MESSIAHSHIP
Mes*si"ah*ship, n.

Defn: The state or office of the Messiah.

MESSIANIC
Mes`si*an"ic, a.

Defn: Of or relating to the Messiah; as, the Messianic office or
character.

MESSIAS
Mes*si"as, n. Etym: [LL., fr. Gr. Messiah.]

Defn: The Messiah.
I know that Messias cometh, which is called Christ. John iv. 25.

MESSIDOR
Mes`si`dor" (F. ; E. ), n. Etym: [F., fr. L. messis harvest.]

Defn: The tenth month of the French republican calendar dating from
September 22, 1792. It began June 19, and ended July 18. See
VendÉmiaire.

MESSIEURS
Mes"sieurs (; F. ; 277), n. pl. Etym: [F.; pl. of monsieur.]

Defn: Sirs; gentlemen; -- abbreviated to Messrs., which is used as
the plural of Mr.

MESSINESE
Mes`si*nese" ( or ), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Messina, or its inhabitans.

MESSMATE
Mess"mate`, n.

Defn: An associate in a mess.

MESSUAGE
Mes"suage (; 48), n. Etym: [Cf. OF. mesuage, masnage, LL. messuagium,
mansionaticum, fr. L. mansio, -onis, a staying, remaining, dwelling,
fr. manere, mansum, to stay, remain, E. mansion, manse.] (Law)

Defn: A dwelling house, with the adjacent buildings and curtilage,
and the adjoining lands appropriated to the use of the household.
Cowell. Bouvier.
They wedded her to sixty thousand pounds, To lands in Kent, and
messuages in York. Tennyson.

MEST
Mest, a.

Defn: Most. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MESTEE
Mes*tee", n. Etym: [See Mestizo.]

Defn: The offspring of a white person and a quadroon; -- so called in
the West Indies. [Written also mustee.]

MESTER
Mes"ter, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Mister, a trade.

MESTINO
Mes*ti"no, n.; pl. Mestinos (.

Defn: See Mestizo.

MESTIZO
Mes*ti"zo, n.; pl. Mestizos. Etym: [Sp. mestizo; akin to OF. mestis,
F. métis; all fr. (assumed) LL. mixtitius, fr. L. mixtus mixed, p. p.
of miscere to mix. See Mix, and cf. Mestee, MÉtif, MÉtis, Mustee.]

Defn: The offspring of an Indian or a negro and a European or person
of European stock. [Spanish America] Mestizo wool, wool imported from
South America, and produced by mixed breeds of sheep.

MESTLING
Mest"ling, n.

Defn: A kind of brass. See Maslin. [Obs.]

MESYMNICUM
Me*sym"ni*cum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Hymn.] (Anc. Poetry)

Defn: A repetition at the end of a stanza.

MET
Met, imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Meet.

MET
Met, obs. imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Mete, to measure. Chapman.

MET
Met, obs. p. p.

Defn: of Mete, to dream. Chaucer.

META-; MET-
Met"a-, Met-. Etym: [Gr. mid with, G. mit, Goth. miÞ, E. mid, in
midwife.]

1. A prefix meaning between, with, after, behind, over, about,
reversely; as, metachronism, the error of placing after the correct
time; metaphor, lit., a carrying over; metathesis, a placing
reversely.

2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting:
(a) Other; duplicate, corresponding to; resembling; hence, metameric;
as, meta-arabinic, metaldehyde.
(b) (Organic Chem.) That two replacing radicals, in the benzene
nucleus, occupy the relative positions of 1 and 3, 2 and 4, 3 and 5,
4 and 6, 5 and 1, or 6 and 2; as, metacresol, etc. See Ortho-, and
Para-.
(c) (Inorganic Chem.) Having less than the highest number of hydroxyl
groups; -- said of acids; as, metaphosphoric acid. Also used
adjectively. at a level above, as metaphysics, metalanguage.

METABASIS
Me*tab"a*sis, n.; pl. Metabases. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Rhet.)

Defn: A transition from one subject to another.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Metabola.

METABOLA; METABOLE
Me*tab"o*la, Me*tab"o*le, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A change or mutation; a change of disease, symptoms, or
treatment.

METABOLA; METABOLIA
Me*tab"o*la, Met`a*bo"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See 1st Metabola.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A comprehensive group of insects, including those that undegro
a metamorphosis.

METABOLIAN
Met`a*bo"li*an, n. Etym: [See Metabola.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect which undergoes a metamorphosis.

METABOLIC
Met`a*bol"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Metabola.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to metamorphosis; pertaining to, or involving,
change.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to metabolism; as, metabolic activity;
metabolic force.

METABOLISIS
Met`a*bol"i*sis, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Metabolism. [R.]

METABOLISM
Me*tab"o*lism, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act or process, by which living tissues or cells take up
and convert into their own proper substance the nutritive material
brought to them by the blood, or by which they transform their cell
protoplasm into simpler substances, which are fitted either for
excretion or for some special purpose, as in the manufacture of the
digestive ferments. Hence, metabolism may be either constructive
(anabolism), or destructive (katabolism).

METABOLITE
Me*tab"o*lite, n. (Physiol Chem.)

Defn: A product of metabolism; a substance produced by metabolic
action, as urea.

METABOLIZE
Me*tab"o*lize, v. t. & i. (Physiol.)

Defn: To change by a metabolic process. See Metabolism.

METABRANCHIAL
Met`a*bran"chi*al, a. Etym: [Meta- + branchial.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lobe of the carapace of crabs covering
the posterior branchiæ.

METACARPAL
Met`a*car"pal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the metacarpus.
 -- n.

Defn: A metacarpal bone.

METACARPUS
Met`a*car"pus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: That part of the skeleton of the hand or forefoot between the
carpus and phalanges. In man it consists of five bones. See Illust.
of Artiodactyla.

METACENTER; METACENTRE
Met`a*cen"ter or; Metacentre, n. Etym: [Pref. meta- + center.]
(Hydrostatics)

Defn: The point of intersection of a vertical line through the center
of gravity of the fluid displaced by a floating body which is tipped
through a small angle from its position of equilibrium, and the
inclined line which was vertical through the center of gravity of the
body when in equilibrium.

Note: When the metacenter is above the center of gravity, the
position of the body is stable; when below it, unstable.

METACETONE
Me*tac"e*tone, n. Etym: [Pref. met- + acetone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless liquid of an agreeable odor, C6H10O, obtained by
distilling a mixture of sugar and lime; -- so called because formerly
regarded as a polymeric modification of acetone.

METACHLORAL
Met`a*chlo"ral, n. Etym: [Pref. meta- + chloral.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, amorphous, insoluble substance regarded as a polymeric
variety of chloral.

METACHRONISM
Me*tach"ro*nism, n. Etym: [Gr. métachronisme.]

Defn: An error committed in chronology by placing an event after its
real time.

METACHROSIS
Met`a*chro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The power og changing color at will by the expansion of special
pigment cells, under nerve influence, as seen in many reptiles,
fishes, etc. Cope.

METACINNABARITE
Met`a*cin"na*bar*ite, n. Etym: [Pref. meta- + cinnabar.] (Min.)

Defn: Sulphide of mercury in isometric form and black in color.

METACISM
Met"a*cism, n. Etym: [L. metacismus, Gr.

Defn: A defect in pronouncing the letter m, or a too frequent use of
it.

METACROLEIN
Met`a*cro"le*in, n. Etym: [Pref. met- + acrolein.] (Chem.)

Defn: A polymeric modification of acrolein obtained by heating it
with caustic potash. It is a crystalline substance having an aromatic
odor.

METACROMION
Met`a*cro"mi*on, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: A process projecting backward and downward from the acromion of
the scapula of some mammals.

METADISCOIDAL
Met`a*dis*coid"al, a. Etym: [Meta- + discoidal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Discoidal by derivation; -- applied especially to the placenta
of man and apes, because it is supposed to have been derived from a
diffused placenta.

METAGASTRIC
Met`a*gas"tric, a. Etym: [Pref. meta- + gastric.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the two posterior gastric lobes of the
carapace of crabs.

METAGE
Met"age (; 48), n. Etym: [From Mete, v.]

1. Measurement, especially of coal. De Foe.

2. Charge for, or price of, measuring. Simmonds.

METAGENESIS
Met`a*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Pref. meta- + genesis.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: The change of form which one animal species undergoes in a
series of successively produced individuals, extending from the one
developed from the ovum to the final perfected individual. Hence,
metagenesis involves the production of sexual individuals by
nonsexual means, either directly or through intervening sexless
generations. Opposed to monogenesis. See Alternate generation, under
Generation.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Alternation of sexual and asexual or gemmiparous generations; -
- in distinction from heterogamy.

METAGENETIC
Met`a*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to metagenesis.

METAGENIC
Met`a*gen"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Metagenetic.

METAGNATHOUS
Me*tag"na*thous, a. Etym: [Pref. meta- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Cross-billed; -- said of certain birds, as the crossbill.

METAGRAMMATISM
Met`a*gram"ma*tism, n.

Defn: Anagrammatism.

METAGRAPHIC
Met`a*graph"ic, a.

Defn: By or pertaining to metagraphy.

METAGRAPHY
Me*tag"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Pref. meta- + -graphy.]

Defn: The art or act of rendering the letters of the alphabet of one
language into the possible equivalents of another; transliteration.
Stormonth.

METAL
Met"al ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [F. métal, L. metallum metal, mine, Gr.
Mettle, Medal.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: An elementary substance, as sodium, calcium, or copper, whose
oxide or hydroxide has basic rather than acid properties, as
contrasted with the nonmetals, or metalloids. No sharp line can be
drawn between the metals and nonmetals, and certain elements partake
of both acid and basic qualities, as chromium, manganese, bismuth,
etc.

Note: Popularly, the name is applied to certain hard, fusible metals,
as gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, lead, zinc, nickel, etc., and
also to the mixed metals, or metallic alloys, as brass, bronze,
steel, bell metal, etc.

2. Ore from which a metal is derived; -- so called by miners.
Raymond.

3. A mine from which ores are taken. [Obs.]
Slaves . . . and persons condemned to metals. Jer. Taylor.

4. The substance of which anything is made; material; hence,
constitutional disposition; character; temper.
Not till God make men of some other metal than earth. Shak.

5. Courage; spirit; mettle. See Mettle. Shak.

Note: The allusion is to the temper of the metal of a sword blade.
Skeat.

6. The broken stone used in macadamizing roads and ballasting
railroads.

7. The effective power or caliber of guns carried by a vessel of war.

8. Glass in a state of fusion. Knight.

9. pl.

Defn: The rails of a railroad. [Eng.] Base metal (Chem.), any one of
the metals, as iron, lead, etc., which are readily tarnished or
oxidized, in contrast with the noble metals. In general, a metal of
small value, as compared with gold or silver.
 -- Fusible metal (Metal.), a very fusible alloy, usually consisting
of bismuth with lead, tin, or cadmium.
 -- Heavy metals (Chem.), the metallic elements not included in the
groups of the alkalies, alkaline earths, or the earths; specifically,
the heavy metals, as gold, mercury, platinum, lead, silver, etc.
 -- Light metals (Chem.), the metallic elements of the alkali and
alkaline earth groups, as sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, etc.;
also, sometimes, the metals of the earths, as aluminium.
 -- Muntz metal, an alloy for sheathing and other purposes,
consisting of about sixty per cent of copper, and forty of zinc.
Sometimes a little lead is added. It is named from the inventor.
 -- Prince's metal (Old Chem.), an alloy resembling brass, consisting
of three parts of copper to one of zinc; -- also called Prince
Rupert's metal.

METAL
Met"al, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Metaled ( or ) or Metalled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Metaling or Metalling.]

Defn: To cover with metal; as, to metal a ship's bottom; to metal a
road.

METALAMMONIUM
Met`al*am*mo"ni*um, n. Etym: [Metal + ammonium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical derived from ammonium by the
substitution of metallic atoms in place of hydrogen.

METALBUMIN
Met`al*bu"min, n. Etym: [Pref. met- + albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A form of albumin found in ascitic and certain serous fluids.
It is sometimes regarded as a mixture of albumin and mucin.

METALDEHYDE
Me*tal"de*hyde, n. Etym: [Pref. met- + aldehyde.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance isomeric with, and obtained from,
acetic aldehyde by polymerization, and reconvertible into the same.

METALEPSIS
Met`a*lep"sis, n.; pl. Metalepses. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: The continuation of a trope in one word through a succession of
significations, or the union of two or more tropes of a different
kind in one word.

METALEPSY
Met"a*lep`sy, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Exchange; replacement; substitution; metathesis. [R.]

METALEPTIC
Met`a*lep"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to a metalepsis.

2. Transverse; as, the metaleptic motion of a muscle.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, concerned in, or occurring by, metalepsy.

METALEPTICAL
Met`a*lep"tic*al, a.

Defn: Metaleptic.
 -- Met`a*lep"tic*al*ly, adv.

METALLIC
Me*tal"lic, a. Etym: [L. metallicus, fr. metallum: cf. F. métallique.
See Metal.]

1. Of or pertaining to a metal; of the nature of metal; resembling
metal; as, a metallic appearance; a metallic alloy.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or characterized by, the essential and
implied properties of a metal, as contrasted with a nonmetal or
metalloid; basic; antacid; positive. Metallic iron, iron in the state
of the metal, as distinquished from its ores, as magnetic iron.
 -- Metallic paper, paper covered with a thin solution of lime,
whiting, and size. When written upon with a pewter or brass pencil,
the lines can hardly be effaced.
 -- Metallic tinking (Med.), a sound heard in the chest, when a
cavity communicating with the air passages contains both air and
liquid.

METALLICAL
Me*tal"lic*al, a.

Defn: See Metallic. [Obs.]

METALLICLY
Me*tal"lic*ly, adv.

Defn: In a metallic manner; by metallic means.

METALLIFACTURE
Me*tal`li*fac"ture, n. Etym: [L. metallum metal + facere, factum, to
make.]

Defn: The production and working or manufacture of metals. [R.] R.
Park.

METALLIFEROUS
Met`al*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. metallifer; metallum metal + ferre to
bear: cf. F. métallifère.]

Defn: Producing metals; yielding metals.

METALLIFORM
Me*tal"li*form, a. Etym: [L. metallum metal + -form: cf. F.
métalliforme.]

Defn: Having the form or structure of a metal.

METALLINE
Met"al*line, a. Etym: [Cf. F. métallin.] (Chem.)
(a) Pertaining to, or resembling, a metal; metallic; as, metalline
properties.
(b) Impregnated with metallic salts; chalybeate; as, metalline water.
[R.]

METALLINE
Met"al*line ( or ), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance of variable composition, but resembling a soft,
dark-colored metal, used in the bearings of machines for obviating
friction, and as a substitute for lubricants.

METALLIST
Met"al*list, n.

Defn: A worker in metals, or one skilled in metals.

METALLIZATION
Met`al*li*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. métallisation.]

Defn: The act or process of metallizing. [R.]

METALLIZE
Met"al*lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Metallized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Metallizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. métalliser.]

Defn: To impart metallic properties to; to impregnate with a metal.
[R.]

METALLOCHROME
Me*tal"lo*chrome, n. Etym: [See Metallochromy.]

Defn: A coloring produced by the deposition of some metallic
compound; specifically, the prismatic tints produced by depositing a
film of peroxide of lead on polished steel by electricity.

METALLOCHROMY
Me*tal"lo*chro`my, n. Etym: [L. metallum metal + Gr.

Defn: The art or process of coloring metals.

METALLOGRAPH
Me*tal"lo*graph, n. Etym: [L. metallum metal + -graph.]

Defn: A print made by metallography.

METALLOGRAPHIC
Me*tal`lo*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or by means of, metallography.

METALLOGRAPHIST
Met`al*log"ra*phist, n.

Defn: One who writes on the subject of metals.

METALLOGRAPHY
Met`al*log"ra*phy, n. Etym: [L. metallum metal + -graphy: cf. F.
métallographie.]

1. The science or art of metals and metal working; also, a treatise
on metals.

2. A method of transferring impressions of the grain of wood to
metallic surfaces by chemical action. Knight.

3. A substitute for lithography, in which metallic plates are used
instead of stone. Knight.

METALLOID
Met"al*loid, n. Etym: [L. metallum metal + -oid: cf. F. métalloïde.]
(a) Formerly, the metallic base of a fixed alkali, or alkaline earth;
-- applied by Sir H. Davy to sodium, potassium, and some other
metallic substances whose metallic character was supposed to be not
well defined.
(b) Now, one of several elementary substances which in the free state
are unlike metals, and whose compounds possess or produce acid,
rather than basic, properties; a nonmetal; as, boron, carbon,
phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine, etc., are
metalloids.

METALLOID
Met"al*loid, a.

1. Having the appearance of a metal.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Having the properties of a nonmetal; nonmetallic; acid;
negative.

METALLOIDAL
Met`al*loid"al, a.

Defn: Metalloid.

METALLOPHONE
Me*tal"lo*phone, n. [L. metallum metal + Gr.  sound.] (Music)
 (a) An instrument like a pianoforte, but having metal bars instead
of strings.
 (b) An instrument like the xylophone, but having metallic instead of
wooden bars.

METALLORGANIC
Met`al*lor*gan"ic, a.

Defn: Metalorganic.

METALLOTHERAPY
Me*tal`lo*ther"a*py, n. Etym: [L. metallum metal + E. therapy.]
(Med.)

Defn: Treatment of disease by applying metallic plates to the surface
of the body.

METALLURGIC; METALLURGICAL
Met`al*lur"gic, Met`al*lur"gic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. métallurgique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to metallurgy.

METALLURGIST
Met"al*lur`gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. métallurgiste.]

Defn: One who works in metals, or prepares them for use; one who is
skilled in metallurgy.

METALLURGY
Met"al*lur`gy, n. Etym: [F. métallurgie, fr. L. metallum metal, Gr.
Metal, and Work.]

Defn: The art of working metals, comprehending the whole process of
separating them from other matters in the ore, smelting, refining,
and parting them; sometimes, in a narrower sense, only the process of
extracting metals from their ores.

METALMAN
Met"al*man, n.; pl. Metalmen (.

Defn: A worker in metals.

METALOGICAL
Met`a*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Beyond the scope or province of logic.

METALORGANIC
Met`al*or*gan"ic, a. Etym: [Metal, L. metallum + E. organic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or denoting, any one of a series of compounds of
certain metallic elements with organic radicals; as, zinc methyl,
sodium ethyl, etc. [Written also metallorganic.]

METAMER
Met"a*mer, n. Etym: [See Metamere.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of several metameric forms of the same substance, or of
different substances having the same composition; as, xylene has
three metamers, viz., orthoxylene, metaxylene, and paraxylene.

METAMERE
Met"a*mere, n. Etym: [Pref. meta- + -mere.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of successive or homodynamous parts in animals and plants;
one of a series of similar parts that follow one another in a
vertebrate or articulate animal, as in an earthworm; a segment; a
somite. See Illust. of Loeven's larva.

METAMERIC
Met`a*mer"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. meta- + Gr.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: Having the same elements united in the same proportion by
weight, and with the same molecular weight, but possessing a
different structure and different properties; as, methyl ether and
ethyl alcohol are metameric compounds. See Isomeric.

Note: The existence of metameric compounds is due to the different
arrangement of the same constituents in the molecule.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a metamere or its formation; as, metameric
segmentation.

METAMERICALLY
Met`a*mer"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a metameric manner.

METAMERISM
Me*tam"er*ism, n.

1. (Biol.)

Defn: The symmetry of a metameric structure; serial symmetry; the
state of being made up of metameres.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The state or quality of being metameric; also, the relation or
condition of metameric compounds.

METAMORPHIC
Met`a*mor"phic, a. Etym: [See Metamorphosis.]

1. Subject to change; changeable; variable.

2. Causing a change of structure.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, produced by, or exhibiting, certain changes
which minerals or rocks may have undergone since their original
deposition; -- especially applied to the recrystallization which
sedimentary rocks have undergone through the influence of heat and
pressure, after which they are called metamorphic rocks.

METAMORPHISM
Met`a*mor"phism, n. (Geol.)

Defn: The state or quality of being metamorphic; the process by which
the material of rock masses has been more or less recrystallized by
heat, pressure, etc., as in the change of sedimentary limestone to
marble. Murchison.

METAMORPHIST
Met`a*mor"phist, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: One who believes that the body of Christ was merged into the
Deity when he ascended.

METAMORPHIZE
Met`a*mor"phize, v. t.

Defn: To metamorphose.

METAMORPHOSE
Met`a*mor"phose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Metamorphosed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Metamorphosing.] Etym: [Cf. F. métamorphoser.]

Defn: To change into a different form; to transform; to transmute.
And earth was metamorphosed into man. Dryden.

METAMORPHOSE
Met`a*mor"phose, n. Etym: [Cf. F. métamorphose. See Metamorphosis.]

Defn: Same as Metamorphosis.

METAMORPHOSER
Met`a*mor"pho*ser, n.

Defn: One who metamorphoses. [R.] Gascoigne.

METAMORPHOSIC
Met`a*mor"pho*sic, a.

Defn: Changing the form; transforming. [R.] Pownall.

METAMORPHOSIS
Met`a*mor"pho*sis, n.; pl. Metamorphoses. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. Change of form, or structure; transformation.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A change in the form or function of a living organism, by a
natural process of growth or development; as, the metamorphosis of
the yolk into the embryo, of a tadpole into a frog, or of a bud into
a blossom. Especially, that form of sexual reproduction in which an
embryo undergoes a series of marked changes of external form, as the
chrysalis stage, pupa stage, etc., in insects. In these intermediate
stages sexual reproduction is usually impossible, but they ultimately
pass into final and sexually developed forms, from the union of which
organisms are produced which pass through the same cycle of changes.
See Transformation.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: The change of material of one kind into another through the
agency of the living organism; metabolism. Vegetable metamorphosis
(Bot.), the doctrine that flowers are homologous with leaf buds, and
that the floral organs are transformed leaves.

METANAUPLIUS
Met`a*nau"pli*us, n. Etym: [NL. See Meta-, and Nauplius.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A larval crustacean in a stage following the nauplius, and
having about seven pairs of appendages.

METANEPHRITIC
Met`a*ne*phrit"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the metanephros.

METANEPHROS
Met`a*neph"ros, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The most posterior of the three pairs of embryonic renal organs
developed in many vertebrates.

METANOTUM
Met`a*no"tum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dorsal portion of the metaphorax of insects.

METANTIMONATE
Met`an*ti*mo"nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of metantimonic acid.

METANTIMONIC
Met`an*ti*mon"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. met- + antimonic.] (Chem.)
(a) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (formerly called antimonic
acid) analogous to metaphosphoric acid, and obtained as a white
amorphous insoluble substance, (HSbO3).
(b) Formerly, designating an acid, which is now properly called
pyroantimonic acid, and analogous to pyrophosphoric acid.

METAPECTIC
Met`a*pec"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. meta- + pectic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a supposed acid obtained from
pectin.

METAPECTIN
Met`a*pec"tin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance obtained from, and resembling, pectin, and
occurring in overripe fruits.

METAPEPTONE
Met`a*pep"tone, n. Etym: [Pref. meta- + peptone.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An intermediate product formed in the gastric digestion of
albuminous matter.

METAPHOR
Met"a*phor, n. Etym: [F. métaphore, L. metaphora, fr. Gr. meta`
beyond, over + fe`rein to bring, bear.] (Rhet.)

Defn: The transference of the relation between one set of objects to
another set for the purpose of brief explanation; a compressed
simile; e. g., the ship plows the sea. Abbott & Seeley. "All the
world's a stage." Shak.

Note: The statement, "that man is a fox," is a metaphor; but "that
man is like a fox," is a simile, similitude, or comparison.

METAPHORIC; METAPHORICAL
Met`a*phor"ic, Met`a*phor"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. métaphorique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to metaphor; comprising a metaphor; not
literal; figurative; tropical; as, a metaphorical expression; a
metaphorical sense.
 -- Met`a*phor"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Met`a*phor"ic*al*ness, n.

METAPHORIST
Met"a*phor*ist, n.

Defn: One who makes metaphors.

METAPHOSPHATE
Met`a*phos"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of metaphosphoric acid.

METAPHOSPHORIC
Met`a*phos*phor"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. meta- + phosphoric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a monobasic acid, HPO3,
analogous to nitric acid, and, by heating phosphoric acid, obtained
as a crystalline substance, commonly called glacial phosphoric acid.

METAPHRASE
Met"a*phrase, n. Etym: [Gr. meta`frasis, from metafrazein to
paraphrase; meta` beyond, over + fra`zein to speak: cf. F.
métaphrase.]

1. A verbal translation; a version or translation from one language
into another, word for word; -- opposed to paraphrase. Dryden.

2. An answering phrase; repartee. Mrs. Browning.

METAPHRASED
Met"a*phrased, a.

Defn: Translated literally.

METAPHRASIS
Me*taph"ra*sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Metaphrase.]

Defn: Metaphrase.

METAPHRAST
Met"a*phrast, n. Etym: [Gr. métaphraste.]

Defn: A literal translator.

METAPHRASTIC; METAPHRASTICAL
Met`a*phras"tic, Met`a*phras"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Close, or literal.

METAPHYSIC
Met`a*phys"ic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. métaphysique.]

Defn: See Metaphysics.

METAPHYSIC
Met`a*phys"ic, a.

Defn: Metaphysical.

METAPHYSICAL
Met`a*phys"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. métaphysique. See Metaphysics.]

1. Of or pertaining to metaphysics.

2. According to rules or principles of metaphysics; as, metaphysical
reasoning.

3. Preternatural or supernatural. [Obs.]
The golden round *Which fate and metaphysical aid doth seem To have
thee crowned withal. Shak.

METAPHYSICALLY
Met`a*phys"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of metaphysical science, or of a metaphysician.
South.

METAPHYSICIAN
Met`a*phy*si"cian, n. Etym: [Cf. F. métaphysicien.]

Defn: One who is versed in metaphysics.

METAPHYSICS
Met`a*phys"ics, n. Etym: [Gr. métaphysique. See Physics. The term was
first used by the followers of Aristotle as a name for that part of
his writings which came after, or followed, the part which treated of
physics.]

1. The science of real as distinguished from phenomenal being;
ontology; also, the science of being, with reference to its abstract
and universal conditions, as distinguished from the science of
determined or concrete being; the science of the conceptions and
relations which are necessarily implied as true of every kind of
being; phylosophy in general; first principles, or the science of
first principles.

Note: Metaphysics is distinguished as general and special. General
metaphysics is the science of all being as being. Special metaphysics
is the science of one kind of being; as, the metaphysics of
chemistry, of morals, or of politics. According to Kant, a systematic
exposition of those notions and truths, the knowledge of which is
altogether independent of experience, would constitute the science of
metaphysics.
Commonly, in the schools, called metaphysics, as being part of the
philosophy of Aristotle, which hath that for title; but it is in
another sense: for there it signifieth as much as "books written or
placed after his natural philosophy." But the schools take them for
"books of supernatural philosophy;" for the word metaphysic will bear
both these senses. Hobbes.
Now the science conversant about all such inferences of unknown being
from its known manifestations, is called ontology, or metaphysics
proper. Sir W. Hamilton.
Metaphysics are [is] the science which determines what can and what
can not be known of being, and the laws of being, a priori.
Coleridge.

2. Hence: The scientific knowledge of mental phenomena; mental
philosophy; psychology.
Metaphysics, in whatever latitude the term be taken, is a science or
complement of sciences exclusively occupied with mind. Sir W.
Hamilton.
Whether, after all, A larger metaphysics might not help Our physics.
Mrs. Browning.

METAPHYSIS
Me*taph"y*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Change of form; transformation.

METAPLASM
Met"a*plasm, n. Etym: [L. metaplasmus, Gr. métaplasme.] (Gram.)

Defn: A change in the letters or syllables of a word.

METAPLAST
Met"a*plast, n. Etym: [See Metaplasm.] (Gram.)

Defn: A word having more than one form of the root.

METAPODE
Met"a*pode, n. Etym: [NL. metapodium, from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The posterior division of the foot in the Gastropoda and
Pteropoda.

METAPODIAL
Met`a*po"di*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the metapodialia, or to the parts of the
limbs to which they belong.

METAPODIALE
Met`a*po`di*a"le, n.; pl. Metapodialia. Etym: [NL. See Metapode.]
(Anat.)

Defn: One of the bones of either the metacarpus or metatarsus.

METAPODIUM
Met`a*po"di*um, n.; pl. Metapodia. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Metapode.

METAPOPHYSIS
Met`a*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. Metapophyses. Etym: [NL. See Meta-, and
Apophysis.] (Anat.)

Defn: A tubercle projecting from the anterior articular processes of
some vertebræ; a mammillary process.

METAPTERYGIUM
Me*tap`te*ryg"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The posterior of the three principal basal cartilages in the
fins of fishes.
 -- Me*tap`ter*yg"i*al, a.

METASILICATE
Met`a*sil"i*cate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of metasilicic acid.

METASILICIC
Met`a*si*lic"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. meta- + silicic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Designating an acid derived from silicic acid by the removal of
water; of or pertaining to such an acid.

Note: The salts of metasilicic acid are often called bisilicates, in
mineralogy, as Wollastonite (CaSiO3). Metasilicic acid (Chem.), a
gelatinous substance, or white amorphous powder, analogous to
carbonic acid, and forming many stable salts.

METASOMATISM
Met`a*so"ma*tism, n. Etym: [Pref. meta- + Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: An alteration in a mineral or rock mass when involving a
chemical change of the substance, as of chrysolite to serpentine; --
opposed to ordinary metamorphism, as implying simply a
recrystallization.
 -- Met`a*so*mat"ic, a.

METASOME
Met"a*some, n. Etym: [Pref. meta- + -some body.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the component segments of the body of an animal.

METASTANNATE
Met`a*stan"nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of metastannic acid.

METASTANNIC
Met`a*stan"nic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a compound of tin (metastannic
acid), obtained, as an isomeric modification of stannic acid, in the
form of a white amorphous substance.

METASTASIS
Me*tas"ta*sis, n.; pl. Metastases. Etym: [L., transition, fr. Gr.

1. (Theol.)

Defn: A spiritual change, as during baptism.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A change in the location of a disease, as from one part to
another. Dunglison.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act or process by which matter is taken up by cells or
tissues and is transformed into other matter; in plants, the act or
process by which are produced all of those chemical changes in the
constituents of the plant which are not accompanied by a production
of organic matter; metabolism.

METASTATIC
Met`a*stat"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or caused by, metastasis; as, a metastatic
abscess; the metastatic processes of growth.

METASTERNAL
Met`a*ster"nal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the metasternum.

METASTERNUM
Met`a*ster"num, n. Etym: [Pref. meta- + sternum.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The most posterior element of the sternum; the ensiform
process; xiphisternum.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ventral plate of the third or last segment of the thorax of
insects.

METASTOMA; METASTOME
Me*tas"to*ma, Met"a*stome, n. Etym: [NL. metastoma, from Gr. meta`
behind + sto`ma mouth.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A median elevation behind the mouth in the arthropods.

METATARSAL
Met`a*tar"sal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the metatarsus.
 -- n.

Defn: A metatarsal bone.

METATARSE
Met"a*tarse, n. (Anat.)

Defn: Metatarsus.

METATARSUS
Met`a*tar"sus, n.; pl. Metatarsi. Etym: [NL. See Meta-, and Tarsus.]
(Anat.)

Defn: That part of the skeleton of the hind or lower limb between the
tarsus and phalanges; metatarse. It consists, in the human foot, of
five bones. See Illustration in Appendix.

METATE
Me*ta"te, n. [Sp., fr. Mex. metlatl.]

Defn: A flat or somewhat hollowed stone upon which grain or other
food is ground, by means of a smaller stone or pestle. [Southwestern
U. S. & Sp. Amer.]

METATHESIS
Me*tath"e*sis, n.; pl. Metatheses (. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. meta`thesis,
fr. metatithe`nai to place differently, to transpose; meta` beyond,
over + tithe`nai to place, set. See Thesis.]

1. (Gram.)

Defn: Transposition, as of the letters or syllables of a word; as,
pistris for pristis; meagre for meager.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A mere change in place of a morbid substance, without removal
from the body.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: The act, process, or result of exchange, substitution, or
replacement of atoms and radicals; thus, by metathesis an acid gives
up all or part of its hydrogen, takes on an equivalent amount of a
metal or base, and forms a salt.

METATHETIC; METATHETICAL
Met`a*thet"ic, Met`a*thet"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to metathesis.

METATHORACIC
Met`a*tho*rac"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the metathorax.

METATHORAX
Met`a*tho"rax, n. Etym: [NL.: cf. F. métathorax. See Meta-, and
Thorax.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The last or posterior segment of the thorax in insects. See
Illust. of Coleoptera.

METATITANIC
Met`a*ti*tan"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. meta- + titanic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid of titanium
analogous to metasilicic acid.

METATUNGSTATE
Met`a*tung"state, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of metatungstic acid.

METATUNGSTIC
Met`a*tung"stic, a. Etym: [Pref. meta- + tungstic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid known only in its
salts (the metatungstates) and properly called polytungstic, or
pyrotungstic, acid.

METAVANADATE
Met`a*van"a*date, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of metavanadic acid.

METAVANADIC
Met`a*va*nad"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. meta- + vanadic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a vanadic acid analogous to
metaphosphoric acid.

METAXYLENE
Met`a*xy"lene, n. Etym: [Pref. meta- + xylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: That variety of xylene, or dimethyl benzene, in which the two
methyl groups occupy the meta position with reference to each other.
It is a colorless inf

METAYAGE
Mé`ta`yage", n. Etym: [F. See Métayer.]

Defn: A system of farming on halves. [France & Italy]

METAYER
Mé`ta`yer" (F. ; E. ), n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. medietarius, fr. L.
medius middle, half. See Mid, a.]

Defn: One who cultivates land for a share (usually one half) of its
yield, receiving stock, tools, and seed from the landlord. [France &
Italy] Milman.

METAZOA
Met`a*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Those animals in which the protoplasmic mass, constituting the
egg, is converted into a multitude of cells, which are metamorphosed
into the tissues of the body. A central cavity is commonly developed,
and the cells around it are at first arranged in two layers, -- the
ectoderm and endoderm. The group comprises nearly all animals except
the Protozoa.

METAZOAN
Met`a*zo"an, n.; pl. Metazoans (. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Metazoa.

METAZOIC
Met`a*zo"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Metazoa.

METAZOON; METAZOOEN
Met`a*zo"ön, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Metazoa.

METE
Mete, n.

Defn: Meat. [Obs.] Chaucer.

METE
Mete, v. t. & i.

Defn: To meet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

METE
Mete, v. i. & t. [imp. Mette; p. p. Met.] Etym: [AS. m.]

Defn: To dream; also impersonally; as, me mette, I dreamed. [Obs.] "I
mette of him all night." Chaucer.

METE
Mete, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Meted; p. pr. & vb. n. Meting.] Etym: [AS.
metan; akin to D. meten, G. messen, OHG. mezzan, Icel. meta, Sw.
mäta, Goth. mitan, L. modus measure, moderation, modius a corn
measure, Gr. measure, L. metiri to measure; cf. Skr. ma to measure.
sq. root99. Cf. Measure, Meet, a., Mode.]

Defn: To find the quantity, dimensions, or capacity of, by any rule
or standard; to measure.

METE
Mete, v. i.

Defn: To measure. [Obs.] Mark iv. 24.

METE
Mete, n. Etym: [AS. met. See Mete to measure.]

Defn: Measure; limit; boundary; -- used chiefly in the plural, and in
the phrase metes and bounds.

METECORN
Mete"corn`, n.

Defn: A quantity of corn formerly given by the lord to his customary
tenants, as an encouragement to, or reward for, labor and faithful
service.

METELY
Mete"ly, a.

Defn: According to measure or proportion; proportionable;
proportionate. [Obs.]

METEMPIRIC; METEMPIRICAL
Met`em*pir"ic, Met`em*pir"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. met- + empiric, -
ical.] (Metaph.)

Defn: Related, or belonging, to the objects of knowledge within the
province of metempirics.
If then the empirical designates the province we include within the
range of science, the province we exclude may be fitly styled the
metempirical. G. H. Lewes.

METEMPIRICISM
Met*em*pir"i*cism, n.

Defn: The science that is concerned with metempirics.

METEMPIRICS
Met`em*pir"ics, n.

Defn: The concepts and relations which are conceived as beyond, and
yet as related to, the knowledge gained by experience.

METEMPSYCHOSE
Me*temp"sy*chose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Metempsychosed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Metempsychosing.] Etym: [See Metempsychosis.]

Defn: To translate or transfer, as the soul, from one body to
another. [R.] Peacham.

METEMPSYCHOSIS
Me*temp`sy*cho"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Psychology.]

Defn: The passage of the soul, as an immortal essence, at the death
of the animal body it had inhabited, into another living body,
whether of a brute or a human being; transmigration of souls. Sir T.
Browne.

METEMPTOSIS
Met`emp*to"sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Chron.)

Defn: The suppression of a day in the calendar to prevent the date of
the new moon being set a day too late, or the suppression of the
bissextile day once in 134 years. The opposite to this is the
proemptosis, or the addition of a day every 330 years, and another
every 2,400 years.

METENCEPHALON
Met`en*ceph"a*lon, n. Etym: [Met- + encephalon.] (Anat.)

Defn: The posterior part of the brain, including the medulla; the
afterbrain. Sometimes abbreviated to meten.

METENSOMATOSIS
Met`en*so`ma*to"sis, n. Etym: [L., a change of body (by the soul),
fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The assimilation by one body or organism of the elements of
another.

METEOR
Me"te*or, n. Etym: [F. météore, Gr.

1. Any phenomenon or appearance in the atmosphere, as clouds, rain,
hail, snow, etc.
Hail, an ordinary meteor. Bp. Hall.

2. Specif.: A transient luminous body or appearance seen in the
atmosphere, or in a more elevated region.
The vaulty top of heaven Figured quite o'er with burning meteors.
Shak.

Note: The term is especially applied to fireballs, and the masses of
stone or other substances which sometimes fall to the earth; also to
shooting stars and to ignes fatui. Meteors are often classed as:
aerial meteors, winds, tornadoes, etc.; aqueous meteors, rain, hail,
snow, dew, etc.; luminous meteors, rainbows, halos, etc.; and igneous
meteors, lightning, shooting stars, and the like.

METEORIC
Me`te*or"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. météorique.]

1. Of or pertaining to a meteor, or to meteors; atmospheric, as,
meteoric phenomena; meteoric stones.

2. Influenced by the weather; as, meteoric conditions.

3. Flashing; brilliant; transient; like a meteor; as, meteoric fame.
"Meteoric politician." Craik. Meteoric iron, Meteoric stone. (Min.)
See Meteorite.
 -- Meteoric paper, a substance of confervoid origin found floating
in the air, and resembling bits of coarse paper; -- so called because
formerly supposed to fall from meteors.
 -- Meteoric showers, periodical exhibitions of shooting stars,
occuring about the 9th or 10th of August and 13th of November, more
rarely in April and December, and also at some other periods.

METEORICAL
Me`te*or"ic*al, a.

Defn: Meteoric.

METEORISM
Me"te*or*ism, n. (Med.)

Defn: Flatulent distention of the abdomen; tympanites.

METEORITE
Me"te*or*ite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. météorite.] (Min.)

Defn: A mass of stone or iron which has fallen to the earth from
space; an aërolite.

Note: Meteorites usually show a pitted surface with a fused crust,
caused by the heat developed in their rapid passage through the
earth's atmosphere. A meteorite may consist: 1. Of metallic iron,
alloyed with a small percentage of nickel (meteoric iron,
holosiderite). When etched this usually exhibits peculiar crystalline
figures, called Widmanstätten figures. 2. Of a cellular mass of iron
with imbedded silicates (mesosiderite or siderolite). 3. Of a stony
mass of silicates with little iron (meteoric stone, sporadosiderite).
4. Of a mass without iron (asiderite).

METEORIZE
Me"te*or*ize, v. i. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To ascend in vapors; to take the form of a meteor. Evelyn.

METEOROGRAPH
Me`te*or"o*graph, n. Etym: [Meteor + -graph.]

Defn: An instrument which registers meteorologic phases or
conditions.

METEOROGRAPHIC
Me`te*or`o*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to meteorography.

METEOROGRAPHY
Me`te*or*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Meteor + -graphy.]

Defn: The registration of meteorological phenomena.

METEOROID
Me"te*or*oid, n. Etym: [Meteor + -oid.] (Astron.)

Defn: A small body moving through space, or revolving about the sun,
which on entering the earth's atmosphere would be deflagrated and
appear as a meteor.
These bodies [small, solid bodies] before they come into the air, I
call meteoroids. H. A. Newton.

METEOROIDAL
Me`te*or*oid"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a meteoroid or to meteoroids.

METEOROLITE
Me`te*or"o*lite, n. Etym: [Meteor + -lite : cf. F. météorolithe.]

Defn: A meteoric stone; an aërolite; a meteorite.

METEOROLOGIC; METEOROLOGICAL
Me`te*or`o*log"ic, Me`te*or`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.
météorologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the atmosphere and its phenomena, or to
meteorology. Meteorological table, Meteorological register, a table
or register exhibiting the state of the air and its temperature,
weight, dryness, moisture, motion, etc.

METEOROLOGIST
Me`te*or*ol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. météorologiste.]

Defn: A person skilled in meteorology.

METEOROLOGY
Me`te*or*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. météorologie. See Meteor.]

Defn: The science which treats of the atmosphere and its phenomena,
particularly of its variations of heat and moisture, of its winds,
storms, etc.

METEOROMANCY
Me`te*or"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Meteor + -mancy : cf. F. météoromancie.]

Defn: A species of divination by meteors, chiefly by thunder and
lightning, which was held in high estimation by the Romans.

METEOROMETER
Me`te*or*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Meteor + -meter.]

Defn: An apparatus which transmits automatically to a central station
atmospheric changes as marked by the anemometer, barometer,
thermometer, etc.

METEOROSCOPE
Me`te*or"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. météoroscope. See Meteor.] (Astron.)
(a) An astrolabe; a planisphere. [Obs.]
(b) An instrument for measuring the position, length, and direction,
of the apparent path of a shooting star.

METEOROUS
Me*te"o*rous ( or ), a. Etym: [See Meteor.]

Defn: Of the nature or appearance of a meteor.

-METER
-me"ter. Etym: [L. metrum measure, or the allied Gr. Meter rhythm.]

Defn: A suffix denoting that by which anything is measured; as,
barometer, chronometer, dynamometer.

METER
Me"ter, n. Etym: [From Mete to measure.]

1. One who, or that which, metes or measures. See Coal-meter.

2. An instrument for measuring, and usually for recording
automatically, the quantity measured. Dry meter, a gas meter having
measuring chambers, with flexible walls, which expand and contract
like bellows and measure the gas by filling and emptying.
 -- W, a gas meter in which the revolution of a chambered drum in
water measures the gas passing through it.

METER
Me"ter, n.

Defn: A line above or below a hanging net, to which the net is
attached in order to strengthen it.

METER; METRE
Me"ter, Me"tre, n. Etym: [OE. metre, F. mètre, L. metrum, fr. Gr. ma
to measure. See Mete to measure.]

1. Rhythmical arrangement of syllables or words into verses, stanzas,
strophes, etc.; poetical measure, depending on number, quantity, and
accent of syllables; rhythm; measure; verse; also, any specific
rhythmical arrangements; as, the Horatian meters; a dactylic meter.
The only strict antithesis to prose is meter. Wordsworth.

2. A poem. [Obs.] Robynson (More's Utopia).

3. A measure of length, equal to 39.37 English inches, the standard
of linear measure in the metric system of weights and measures. It
was intended to be, and is very nearly, the ten millionth part of the
distance from the equator to the north pole, as ascertained by actual
measurement of an arc of a meridian. See Metric system, under Metric.
Common meter (Hymnol.), four iambic verses, or lines, making a
stanza, the first and third having each four feet, and the second and
fourth each three feet; -- usually indicated by the initials C.M.
 -- Long meter (Hymnol.), iambic verses or lines of four feet each,
four verses usually making a stanza; -- commonly indicated by the
initials L.M.
 -- Short meter (Hymnol.), iambic verses or lines, the first, second,
and fourth having each three feet, and the third four feet. The
stanza usually consists of four lines, but is sometimes doubled.
Short meter is indicated by the initials S.M.

METERAGE
Me"ter*age, n. Etym: [See 1st Meter.]

Defn: The act of measuring, or the cost of measuring.

METERGRAM
Me"ter*gram`, n. (Mech.)

Defn: A measure of energy or work done; the power exerted in raising
one gram through the distance of one meter against gravitation.

METEWAND
Mete"wand`, n. Etym: [Mete to measure + wand.]

Defn: A measuring rod. Ascham.

METEYARD
Mete"yard`, n. Etym: [AS. metgeard. See Mete to measure, and Yard
stick.]

Defn: A yard, staff, or rod, used as a measure. [Obs.] Shak.

METH
Meth, n.

Defn: See Meathe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

METHAEMOGLOBIN
Met`hæm*o*glo"bin ( or ), n. Etym: [Pref. met- + h.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A stable crystalline compound obtained by the decomposition of
hemoglobin. It is found in old blood stains.

METHAL
Meth"al, n. Etym: [Myristic + ether + alcohol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white waxy substance, found in small quantities in spermaceti
as an ethereal salt of several fatty acids, and regarded as an
alcohol of the methane series.

METHANE
Meth"ane, n. Etym: [See Methal.] (Chem.)

Defn: A light, colorless, gaseous, inflammable hydrocarbon, CH4;
marsh gas. See Marsh gas, under Gas. Methane series (Chem.), a series
of saturated hydrocarbons, of which methane is the first member and
type, and (because of their general chemical inertness and
indifference) called also the paraffin (little affinity) series. The
lightest members are gases, as methane, ethane; intermediate members
are liquids, as hexane, heptane, etc. (found in benzine, kerosene,
etc.); while the highest members are white, waxy, or fatty solids, as
paraffin proper.

METHANOMETER
Meth`a*nom"e*ter, n. [Methane + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument, resembling a eudiometer, to detect the presence
and amount of methane, as in coal mines.

METHEGLIN
Me*theg"lin, n. Etym: [W. meddyglyn; medd mead + llyn liquor, juice.
See Mead a drink.]

Defn: A fermented beverage made of honey and water; mead. Gay.

METHENE
Meth"ene, n. Etym: [Methyl + ethylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Methylene.

METHENYL
Meth"e*nyl, n. Etym: [Methene + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical hydrocarbon radical CH, regarded as an
essential residue of certain organic compounds.

METHIDE
Meth"ide ( or ), n. Etym: [See Methyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of methyl with some element; as, aluminium
methide, Al2(CH3)6.

METHINKS
Me*thinks", v. impers. [imp. Methought.] Etym: [AS. þyncan to seem,
me þynceedh, me þuhte, OE. me thinketh, me thoughte; akin to G.
dünken to seem, denken to think, and E. think. See Me, and Think.]

Defn: It seems to me; I think. See Me. [R., except in poetry.]
In all ages poets have been had in special reputation, and, methinks,
not without great cause. Spenser.

METHIONATE
Me*thi"on*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of methionic acid.

METHIONIC
Meth`i*on"ic, a. Etym: [Methyl + thionic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphonic (thionic) acid
derivative of methane, obtained as a stable white crystalline
substance, CH2.(SO3H)2, which forms well defined salts.

METHOD
Meth"od, n. Etym: [F. méthode, L. methodus, fr. Gr. meqodos method,
investigation following after; meta` after + "odo`s way.]

1. An orderly procedure or process; regular manner of doing anything;
hence, manner; way; mode; as, a method of teaching languages; a
method of improving the mind. Addison.

2. Orderly arrangement, elucidation, development, or classification;
clear and lucid exhibition; systematic arrangement peculiar to an
individual.
Though this be madness, yet there's method in it. Shak.
All method is a rational progress, a progress toward an end. Sir W.
Hamilton.

3. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Classification; a mode or system of classifying natural objects
according to certain common characteristics; as, the method of
Theophrastus; the method of Ray; the Linnæan method.

Syn.
 -- Order; system; rule; regularity; way; manner; mode; course;
process; means.
 -- Method, Mode, Manner. Method implies arrangement; mode, mere
action or existence. Method is a way of reaching a given end by a
series of acts which tend to secmode relates to a single action, or
to the form which a series of acts, viewed as a whole, exhibits.
Manner is literally the handling of a thing, and has a wider sense,
embracing both method and mode. An instructor may adopt a good method
of teaching to write; the scholar may acquire a bad mode of holding
his pen; the manner in which he is corrected will greatly affect his
success or failure.

METHODIC; METHODICAL
Me*thod"ic, Me*thod"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. methodicus, Gr. méthodique.]

1. Arranged with regard to method; disposed in a suitable manner, or
in a manner to illustrate a subject, or to facilitate practical
observation; as, the methodical arrangement of arguments; a
methodical treatise. "Methodical regularity." Addison.

2. Proceeding with regard to method; systematic. "Aristotle, strict,
methodic, and orderly." Harris.

3. Of or pertaining to the ancient school of physicians called
methodists. Johnson.
 -- Me*thod"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Me*thod"ic*al*ness, n.

METHODIOS
Me*thod"ios, n.

Defn: The art and principles of method.

METHODISM
Meth"o*dism, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: The system of doctrines, polity, and worship, of the sect
called Methodists. Bp. Warburton.

METHODIST
Meth"o*dist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. méthodiste. See Method.]

1. One who observes method. [Obs.]

2. One of an ancient school of physicians who rejected observation
and founded their practice on reasoning and theory. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: One of a sect of Christians, the outgrowth of a small
association called the "Holy Club," formed at Oxford University, A.D.
1729, of which the most conspicuous members were John Wesley and his
brother Charles; -- originally so called from the methodical
strictness of members of the club in all religious duties.

4. A person of strict piety; one who lives in the exact observance of
religious duties; -- sometimes so called in contempt or ridicule.

METHODIST
Meth"o*dist, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sect of Methodists; as, Methodist
hymns; a Methodist elder.

METHODISTIC; METHODISTICAL
Meth`o*dis"tic, Meth`o*dis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to methodists, or to the Methodists.
 -- Meth`o*dis"tic*al*ly, adv.

METHODIZATION
Meth`od*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of methodizing, or the state of being
methodized.

METHODIZE
Meth"od*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Methodized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Methodizing.]

Defn: To reduce to method; to dispose in due order; to arrange in a
convenient manner; as, to methodize one's work or thoughts.
Spectator.

METHODIZER
Meth"od*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who methodizes.

METHODOLOGICAL
Meth`od*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to methodology.

METHODOLOGY
Meth`od*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of method or arrangement; a treatise on method.
Coleridge.

METHOL
Meth"ol, n. Etym: [Gr. -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: The technical name of methyl alcohol or wood spirit; also, by
extension, the class name of any of the series of alcohols of the
methane series of which methol proper is the type. See Methyl
alcohol, under Methyl.

METHOUGHT
Me*thought", imp.

Defn: of Methinks.

METHOXYL
Meth*ox"yl, n. Etym: [Methyl + hydroxyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical, CH3O, analogous to hydroxyl.

METHYL
Meth"yl, n. Etym: [See Methylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon radical, CH3, not existing alone but regarded as
an essential residue of methane, and appearing as a component part of
many derivatives; as, methyl alcohol, methyl ether, methyl amine,
etc. [Formerly written also methule, methyle, etc.] Methyl alcohol
(Chem.), a light, volatile, inflammable liquid, CH3.OH, obtained by
the distillation of wood, and hence called wood spirit; -- called
also methol, carbinol, etc.
 -- Methyl amine (Chem.), a colorless, inflammable, alkaline gas,
CH3.NH2, having an ammoniacal, fishy odor. It is produced
artificially, and also occurs naturally in herring brine and other
fishy products. It is regarded as ammonia in which a third of its
hydrogen is replaced by methyl, and is a type of the class of
substituted ammonias.
 -- Methyl ether (Chem.), a light, volatile ether CH3.O.CH3, obtained
by the etherification of methyl alcohol; -- called also methyl oxide.
 -- Methyl green. (Chem.) See under Green, n.
 -- Methyl orange. (Chem.) See Helianthin.
 -- Methyl violet (Chem.), an artificial dye, consisting of certain
methyl halogen derivatives of rosaniline.

METHYLAL
Meth"yl*al, n. Etym: [Methylene + alcohol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A light, volatile liquid, H2C(OCH3)2, regarded as a complex
ether, and having a pleasant ethereal odor. It is obtained by the
partial oxidation of methyl alcohol. Called also formal.

METHYLAMINE
Meth`yl*am"ine ( or ), n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Methyl amine, under Methyl.

METHYLATE
Meth"yl*ate, n. Etym: [Methyl + alcoholate.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alcoholate of methyl alcohol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen
is replaced by a metal, after the analogy of a hydrate; as, sodium
methylate, CH3ONa.

METHYLATE
Meth"yl*ate, v. t.

Defn: To impregnate or mix with methyl or methyl alcohol.

METHYLATED
Meth"yl*a`ted, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Impregnated with, or containing, methyl alcohol or wood spirit;
as, methylated spirits.

METHYLENE
Meth"yl*ene, n. Etym: [F. méthylène, from Gr. wood spirit.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon radical, CH2, not known in the free state, but
regarded as an essential residue and component of certain derivatives
of methane; as, methylene bromide, CH2Br2; -- formerly called also
methene. Methylene blue (Chem.), an artificial dyestuff consisting of
a complex sulphur derivative of diphenyl amine; -- called also pure
blue.

METHYLIC
Me*thyl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, methyl;
specifically, designating methyl alcohol. See under Methyl.

METHYSTICIN
Me*thys"ti*cin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, silky, crystalline substance extracted from the thick
rootstock of a species of pepper (Piper methysticum) of the South Sea
Islands; -- called also kanakin.

METIC
Met"ic ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [Gr. metoecus, F. métèque.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A sojourner; an immigrant; an alien resident in a Grecian city,
but not a citizen. Mitford.
The whole force of Athens, metics as well as citizens, and all the
strangers who were then in the city. Jowett (Thucyd. ).

METICULOUS
Me*tic"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. meticulosus, fr. metus fear: cf. F.
méticuleux.]

Defn: Timid; fearful.
 -- Me*tic"u*lous*ly, adv.

METIER
Mé`tier", n. [F.]

Defn: Calling; vocation; business; trade.

Not only is it the business of no one to preach the truth but it is
the métier of many to conceal it.
A. R. Colquhoun.

METIF; METIVE
Mé`tif", n. m. Mé`tive", n. f.Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Métis.

METIS; METISSE
Mé`tis", n. m. Mé`tisse", n. f.Etym: [F.; akin to Sp. mestizo. See
Mestizo.]

1. The offspring of a white person and an American Indian.

2. The offspring of a white person and a quadroon; an octoroon.
[Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

METOCHE
Met"o*che, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Arch.)
(a) The space between two dentils.
(b) The space between two triglyphs.

METOL
Me"tol, n. [G.; trade name, fr. meta- + kresol cresol.]

Defn: A whitish soluble powder used as a developer in photography.
Chemically, it is the sulphate of methyl-p-amino-m-cresol.

METONIC
Me*ton"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. métonique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or discovered by, Meton, the Athenian. Metonic
cycle or year. (Astron.) See under Cycle.

METONYMIC; METONYMICAL
Met`o*nym"ic, Met`o*nym"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Metonymy.]

Defn: Used by way of metonymy.
 -- Met`o*nym"ic*al*ly, adv.

METONYMY
Me*ton"y*my, n. Etym: [L. metonymia, Gr. métonymie. See Name.]
(Rhet.)

Defn: A trope in which one word is put for another that suggests it;
as, we say, a man keeps a good table instead of good provisions; we
read Virgil, that is, his poems; a man has a warm heart, that is,
warm affections.

METOPE
Met"o*pe, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: The space between two triglyphs of the Doric frieze, which,
among the ancients, was often adorned with carved work. See Illust.
of Entablature.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The face of a crab.

Note: In the Parthenon, groups of centaurs and heroes in high relief
occupy the metopes.

METOPIC
Me*top"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the forehead or frontal bones; frontal; as,
the metopic suture.

METOPOMANCY
Met"o*po*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Fortune telling by physiognomy. [R.] Urquhart.

METOPOSCOPIC; METOPOSCOPICAL
Met`o*po*scop"ic, Met`o*po*scop"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or relating to metoposcopy.

METOPOSCOPIST
Met`o*pos"co*pist, n.

Defn: One versed in metoposcopy.

METOPOSCOPY
Met`o*pos"co*py, n. Etym: [Gr. métoposcopie.]

Defn: The study of physiognomy; the art of discovering the character
of persons by their features, or the lines of the face.

METOSTEON
Me*tos"te*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The postero-lateral ossification in the sternum of birds; also,
the part resulting from such ossification.

METRE
Me"tre, n.

Defn: See Meter.

METRIC
Met"ric, a. Etym: [L. metricus, Gr. métrique. See Meter rhythm.]

1. Relating to measurement; involving, or proceeding by, measurement.

2. Of or pertaining to the meter as a standard of measurement; of or
pertaining to the decimal system of measurement of which a meter is
the unit; as, the metric system; a metric measurement. Metric
analysis (Chem.), analysis by volume; volumetric analysis.
 -- Metric system, a system of weights and measures originating in
France, the use of which is required by law in many countries, and
permitted in many others, including the United States and England.
The principal unit is the meter (see Meter). From this are formed the
are, the liter, the stere, the gram, etc. These units, and others
derived from them, are divided decimally, and larger units are formed
from multiples by 10, 100, 1,000, and 10,000. The successive
multiplies are designated by the prefixes, deca-, hecto-, kilo-, and
myria-; successive parts by deci-, centi-, and milli-. The prefixes
mega- and micro- are sometimes used to denote a multiple by one
million, and the millionth part, respectively. See the words formed
with these prefixes in the Vocabulary. For metric tables, see p.
1682.

METRICAL
Met"ric*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the meter; arranged in meter; consisting of
verses; as, metrical compositions.

2. Of or pertaining to measurement; as, the inch, foot, yard, etc.,
are metrical terms; esp., of or pertaining to the metric system.

METRICALLY
Met"ric*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a metrical manner.

METRICIAN
Me*tri"cian, n. Etym: [Cf. F. métricien. See Meter rhythm.]

Defn: A composer of verses. [Obs.]

METRIC SYSTEM
Met"ric sys"tem.

Defn: See Metric, a.

METRIC TON
Met"ric ton.

Defn: A weight of 1,000 kilograms, or 2,204.6 pounds avoirdupois.

METRIFICATION
Met`ri*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Composition in metrical form; versification. [R.] Tennyson.

METRIFY
Met"ri*fy, v. i. Etym: [L. metrum meter + -fy: cf. F. métrifier.]

Defn: To make verse. [R.] Skelton.

METRIST
Me"trist, n.

Defn: A maker of verses. Bale.
Spenser was no mere metrist, but a great composer. Lowell.

METRITIS
Me*tri"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -tis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the womb.

METROCHROME
Met"ro*chrome, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An instrument for measuring colors.

METROGRAPH
Met"ro*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: An instrument attached to a locomotive for recording its speed
and the number and duration of its stops.

METROLOGICAL
Met`ro*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. métrologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to metrology.

METROLOGY
Me*trol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -métrologie.]

Defn: The science of, or a system of, weights and measures; also, a
treatise on the subject.

METROMANIA
Met`ro*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Gr. mania.]

Defn: A mania for writing verses.

METROMANIAC
Met`ro*ma"ni*ac, n.

Defn: One who has metromania.

METROMETER
Me*trom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Med.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the size of the womb. Knight.

METRONOME
Met"ro*nome, n. Etym: [Gr. métronome, It. metronomo.]

Defn: An instrument consisting of a short pendulum with a sliding
weight. It is set in motion by clockwork, and serves to measure time
in music.

METRONOMY
Me*tron"o*my, n. Etym: [See Metronome.]

Defn: Measurement of time by an instrument.

METRONYMIC
Met`ro*nym"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Derived from the name of one's mother, or other female
ancestor; as, a metronymic name or appellation.
 -- A metronymic appellation.

METROPOLE
Met"ro*pole, n. Etym: [Cf. F. métropole. See Metropolis.]

Defn: A metropolis. [Obs.] Holinshed.

METROPOLIS
Me*trop"o*lis, n. Etym: [L. metropolis, Gr. Mother, and Police.]

1. The mother city; the chief city of a kingdom, state, or country.
[Edinburgh] gray metropolis of the North. Tennyson.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: The seat, or see, of the metropolitan, or highest church
dignitary.
The great metropolis and see of Rome. Shak.

METROPOLITAN
Met`ro*pol"i*tan, a. Etym: [L. metropolitanus: cf. F. métropolitain.]

1. Of or pertaining to the capital or principal city of a country;
as, metropolitan luxury.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a metropolitan or the
presiding bishop of a country or province, his office, or his
dignity; as, metropolitan authority. "Bishops metropolitan." Sir T.
More.

METROPOLITAN
Met`ro*pol"i*tan, n. Etym: [LL. metropolitanus.]

1. The superior or presiding bishop of a country or province.

2. (Lat. Church.)

Defn: An archbishop.

3. (Gr. Church)

Defn: A bishop whose see is civil metropolis. His rank is
intermediate between that of an archbishop and a patriarch. Hook.

METROPOLITANATE
Met`ro*pol"i*tan*ate, n.

Defn: The see of a metropolitan bishop. Milman.

METROPOLITE
Me*trop"o*lite, n. Etym: [L. metropolita, Gr.

Defn: A metropolitan. Barrow.

METROPOLITICAL
Met`ro*po*lit"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a metropolis; being a metropolis;
metropolitan; as, the metropolitical chair. Bp. Hall.

METRORRHAGIA
Met`ror*rha"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Profuse bleeding from the womb, esp. such as does not occur at
the menstrual period.

METROSCOPE
Met"ro*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: A modification of the stethoscope, for directly auscultating
the uterus from the vagina.

METROSIDEROS
Met`ro*si*de"ros, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A myrtaceous genus of trees or shrubs, found in Australia and
the South Sea Islands, and having very hard wood. Metrosideros vera
is the true ironwood.

METROTOME
Met"ro*tome, n. Etym: [See Metrotomy.] (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for cutting or scarifying the uterus or the neck
of the uterus.

METROTOMY
Me*trot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. métrotomie.] (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of cutting into the uterus; hysterotomy; the
Cæsarean section.

-METRY
-me*try. Etym: [See -meter.]

Defn: A suffix denoting the art, process, or science, of measuring;
as, acidmetry, chlorometry, chronometry.

METTE
Mette, obs. imp.

Defn: of Mete, to dream. Chaucer.

METTLE
Met"tle, n. Etym: [E. metal, used in a tropical sense in allusion to
the temper of the metal of a sword blade. See Metal.]

Defn: Substance or quality of temperament; spirit, esp. as regards
honor, courage, fortitude, ardor, etc.; disposition; -- usually in a
good sense.
A certain critical hour which shall... try what mettle his heart is
made of. South.
Gentlemen of brave mettle. Shak.
The winged courser, like a generous horse, Shows most true mettle
when you check his course. Pope.
To put one one's mettle, to cause or incite one to use one's best
efforts.

METTLED
Met"tled, a.

Defn: Having mettle; high-spirited; ardent; full of fire. Addison.

METTLESOME
Met"tle*some, a.

Defn: Full of spirit; possessing constitutional ardor; fiery; as, a
mettlesome horse.
 -- Met"tle*some*ly, adv.
 -- Met"tle*some*ness, n.

MEUM
Me"um, n. [L., neut. of meus mine.]

Defn: Lit., mine; that which is mine; -- used in the phrase meum et
tuum, or meum and tuum; as, to confound meum and tuum, to fail to
distinguish one's own property from that of others; to be dishonest.

Ancestors . . . generally esteemed more renowned for ancient family
and high courage than for accurately regarding the trifling
distinction of meum and tuum.
Sir W. Scott.

MEUTE
Meute, n.

Defn: A cage for hawks; a mew. See 4th Mew, 1. Milman.

MEVE
Meve, v. t. & i.

Defn: To move. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MEW
Mew, n. Etym: [AS. m, akin to D. meeuw, G. möwe, OHG. m, Icel. mar.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A gull, esp. the common British species (Larus canus); called
also sea mew, maa, mar, mow, and cobb.

MEW
Mew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mewed; p. pr. & vb. n. Mewing.] Etym: [OE.
muen, F. muer, fr. L. mutare to change, fr. movere to move. See Move,
and cf. Mew a cage, Molt.]

Defn: To shed or cast; to change; to molt; as, the hawk mewed his
feathers.
Nine times the moon had mewed her horns. Dryden.

MEW
Mew, v. i.

Defn: To cast the feathers; to molt; hence, to change; to put on a
new appearance.
Now everything doth mew, And shifts his rustic winter robe.
Turbervile.

MEW
Mew, n. Etym: [OE. mue, F. mue change of feathers, scales, skin, the
time or place when the change occurs, fr. muer to molt, mew, L.
mutare to change. See 2d Mew.]

1. A cage for hawks while mewing; a coop for fattening fowls; hence,
any inclosure; a place of confinement or shelter; -- in the latter
sense usually in the plural.
Full many a fat partrich had he in mewe. Chaucer.
Forthcoming from her darksome mew. Spenser.
Violets in their secret mews. Wordsworth.

2. A stable or range of stables for horses; -- compound used in the
plural, and so called from the royal stables in London, built on the
site of the king's mews for hawks.

MEW
Mew, v. t. Etym: [From Mew a cage.]

Defn: To shut up; to inclose; to confine, as in a cage or other
inclosure.
More pity that the eagle should be mewed. Shak.
Close mewed in their sedans, for fear of air. Dryden.

MEW
Mew, v. i. Etym: [Of imitative origin; cf. G. miauen.]

Defn: To cry as a cat. [Written also meaw, meow.] Shak.

MEW
Mew, n.

Defn: The common cry of a cat. Shak.

MEWL
Mewl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Mewled; p. pr. & vb. n. Mewling.] Etym:
[Cf. F. miauler to mew, E. mew to cry as a cat. Cf. Miaul.]

Defn: To cry, as a young child; to squall. [Written also meawl.]
Shak.

MEWLER
Mewl"er, n.

Defn: One that mewls.

MEWS
Mews, n. sing. & pl. Etym: [Prop. pl. of mew. See Mew a cage.]

Defn: An alley where there are stables; a narrow passage; a confined
place. [Eng.]
Mr. Turveydrop's great room... was built out into a mews at the back.
Dickens.

MEXAL; MEXICAL
Mex*al", Mex"i*cal, n. Etym: [Sp. mexcal.]

Defn: See Mescal.

MEXICAN
Mex"i*can, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Mexico or its people.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Mexico. Mexican poppy (Bot.), a
tropical American herb of the Poppy family (Argemone Mexicana) with
much the look of a thistle, but having large yellow or white
blossoms.
 -- Mexican tea (Bot.), an aromatic kind of pigweed from tropical
America (Chenopodium ambrosioides).

MEXICANIZE
Mex"i*can*ize, v. t.

Defn: To cause to be like the Mexicans, or their country, esp. in
respect of frequent revolutions of government.

MEXICANIZE
Mex"i*can*ize, v. i.

Defn: To become like the Mexicans, or their country or government.

MEYNE
Meyn"e, n. [Obs.]

Defn: Same as Meine.

MEZCAL
Mez*cal", n.

Defn: Same as Mescal.

MEZEREON
Me*ze"re*on, n. Etym: [F. mézéréon, Per. mazriyun.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small European shrub (Daphne Mezereum), whose acrid bark is
used in medicine.

MEZQUITA
Mez*qui"ta, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A mosque.

MEZUZOTH
Mez"u*zoth, n. Etym: [Heb. mêzuzoth, pl. of mêzuzah doorpost.]

Defn: A piece of parchment bearing the Decalogue and attached to the
doorpost; -- in use among orthodox Hebrews.

MEZZA MAJOLICA
Mez"za ma*jol"i*ca. [It. See Mezzo; Majolica.] (Ceramics)

Defn: Italian pottery of the epoch and general character of majolica,
but less brilliantly decorated, esp. such pottery without tin enamel,
but painted and glazed.

MEZZANINE
Mez"za*nine, n. Etym: [F. mezzanine, It. mezzanino, fr. mezzano
middle, fr. mezzo middle, half. See Mezzo.] (Arch.)
(a) Same as Entresol.
(b) A partial story which is not on the same level with the story of
the main part of the edifice, as of a back building, where the floors
are on a level with landings of the staircase of the main house.

MEZZA VOCE
Mez"za vo"ce. Etym: [It., fr. mezzo, fem. mezza middle, half + voce
voice, L. vox.] (Mus.)

Defn: With a medium fullness of sound.

MEZZO
Mez"zo, a. Etym: [It., from L. medius middle, half. See Mid, a.]
(Mus.)

Defn: Mean; not extreme.

MEZZO-RELIEVO
Mez"zo-re*lie"vo, n.

Defn: Mezzo-rilievo.

MEZZO-RILIEVO
Mez"zo-ri*lie"vo, n. Etym: [It.]
(a) A middle degree of relief in figures, between high and low
relief.
(b) Sculpture in this kind of relief. See under Alto-rilievo.

MEZZO-SOPRANO
Mez"zo-so*pra"no, a. (Mus.)

Defn: Having a medium compass between the soprano and contralto; --
said of the voice of a female singer.
 -- n.
(a) A mezzo-soprano voice.
(b) A person having such a voice.

MEZZOTINT
Mez"zo*tint, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mezzo-tinto.]

Defn: A manner of engraving on copper or steel by drawing upon a
surface previously roughened, and then removing the roughness in
places by scraping, burnishing, etc., so as to produce the requisite
light and shade. Also, an engraving so produced.

MEZZOTINT
Mez"zo*tint, v. t.

Defn: To engrave in mezzotint.

MEZZOTINTER
Mez"zo*tint`er, n.

Defn: One who engraves in mezzotint.

MEZZOTINTO
Mez`zo*tin"to, n. Etym: [It. mezzo half + tinto tinted, p. p. of
tingere to dye, color, tinge, L. tingere. See Mezzo.]

Defn: Mezzotint.

MEZZOTINTO
Mez`zo*tin"to, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mezzotintoed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Mezzotintoing.]

Defn: To engrave in mezzotint; to represent by mezzotint.

MHO
Mho, n. [Anagram of ohm.] (Elec.)

Defn: A unit of conductivity, being the reciprocal of the ohm.

MHOMETER
Mhom"e*ter, n.  [Mho  + -meter.] (Elec.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring conductivity.

MHORR
Mhorr, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Mohr.

MI
Mi, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A syllable applied to the third tone of the scale of C, i. e.,
to E, in European solmization, but to the third tone of any scale in
the American system.

MIAMIS
Mi*a"mis, n. pl.; sing. Miami (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians that formerly occupied the country between
the Wabash and Maumee rivers.

MIARGYRITE
Mi*ar"gy*rite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of an iron-black color, and very sectile, consisting
principally of sulphur, antimony, and silver.

MIAS
Mi"as, n. Etym: [Malayan.]

Defn: The orang-outang.

MIASCITE
Mi*asc"ite, n. Etym: [Named from Miask, in the Ural Mountains.]
(Min.)

Defn: A granitoid rock containing feldspar, biotite, elæolite, and
sodalite.

MIASM
Mi"asm, n. Etym: [Cf. F. miasme.]

Defn: Miasma.

MIASMA
Mi*as"ma, n.; pl. Miasmata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Infectious particles or germs floating in the air; air made
noxious by the presence of such particles or germs; noxious effluvia;
malaria.

MIASMAL
Mi*as"mal, a.

Defn: Containing miasma; miasmatic.

MIASMATIC; MIASMATICAL
Mi`as*mat"ic, Mi`as*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. miasmatique.]

Defn: Containing, or relating to, miasma; caused by miasma; as,
miasmatic diseases.

MIASMATIST
Mi*as"ma*tist, n.

Defn: One who has made a special study of miasma.

MIASMOLOGY
Mi`as*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Miasma + -logy.]

Defn: That department of medical science which treats of miasma.

MIAUL
Mi*aul", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Miauled; p. pr. & vb. n. Miauling.]
Etym: [Cf. F. miauler, of imitative origin, and E. mew. Cf. Mewl.]

Defn: To cry as a cat; to mew; to caterwaul. Sir W. Scott.

MIAUL
Mi*aul", n.

Defn: The crying of a cat.

MICA
Mi"ca, n. Etym: [L. mica crumb, grain, particle; cf. F. mica.] (Min.)

Defn: The name of a group of minerals characterized by highly perfect
cleavage, so that they readily separate into very thin leaves, more
or less elastic. They differ widely in composition, and vary in color
from pale brown or yellow to green or black. The transparent forms
are used in lanterns, the doors of stoves, etc., being popularly
called isinglass. Formerly called also cat-silver, and glimmer.

Note: The important species of the mica group are: muscovite, common
or potash mica, pale brown or green, often silvery, including
damourite (also called hydromica); biotite, iron-magnesia mica, dark
brown, green, or black; lepidomelane, iron, mica, black; phlogopite,
magnesia mica, colorless, yellow, brown; lepidolite, lithia mica,
rose-red, lilac. Mica (usually muscovite, also biotite) is an
essential constituent of granite, gneiss, and mica slate; biotite is
common in many eruptive rocks; phlogopite in crystalline limestone
and serpentine. Mica diorite (Min.), an eruptive rock allied to
diorite but containing mica (biotite) instead of hornblende.
 -- Mica powder, a kind of dynamite containing fine scales of mica.
 -- Mica schist, Mica slate (Geol.), a schistose rock, consisting of
mica and quartz with, usually, some feldspar.

MICACEO-CALCAREOUS
Mi*ca`ce*o-cal*ca"re*ous, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Partaking of the nature of, or consisting of, mica and lime; --
applied to a mica schist containing carbonate of lime.

MICACEOUS
Mi*ca"ceous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. micacé.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, mica; splitting into laminæ or
leaves like mica.

MICE
Mice, n.,

Defn: pl of Mouse.

MICELLA
Mi*cel"la, n.; pl. Micellæ. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. mica a morsel,
grain.] (Biol.)

Defn: A theoretical aggregation of molecules constituting a
structural particle of protoplasm, capable of increase or diminution
without change in chemical nature.

MICH; MICHE
Mich, Miche, v. i. Etym: [OE. michen; cf. OE. muchier, mucier, to
conceal, F. musser, and OHG. muhhen to waylay. Cf. Micher,
Curmudgeon, Muset.]

Defn: To lie hid; to skulk; to act, or carry one's self, sneakingly.
[Obs. or Colloq.] [Written also meach and meech.] Spenser.

MICHAELMAS
Mich"ael*mas, n. Etym: [Michael + mass religious service; OE.
Mighelmesse.]

Defn: The feat of the archangel Michael, a church festival,
celebrated on the 29th of September. Hence, colloquially, autumn.
Michaelmas daisy. (Bot.) See under Daisy.

MICHER
Mich"er, n. Etym: [OE. michare, muchare. See Mich.]

Defn: One who skulks, or keeps out of sight; hence, a truant; an
idler; a thief, etc. [Obs.] Shak.

MICHERY
Mich"er*y, n.

Defn: Theft; cheating. [Obs.] Gower.

MICHING
Mich"ing, a.

Defn: Hiding; skulking; cowardly. [Colloq.] [Written also meaching
and meeching.]

MICKLE
Mic"kle, a. Etym: [OE. mikel, muchel, mochel, mukel, AS. micel,
mycel; akin to OS. mikil, OHG. mihil, mihhil, Icel. mikill, mykill,
Goth. mikils, L. magnus, Gr. mahat. sq. root103. Cf. Much, Muckle,
Magnitude.]

Defn: Much; great. [Written also muckle and mockle.] [Old Eng. &
Scot.] "A man of mickle might." Spenser.

MICMACS
Mic"macs, n. pl.; sing. Micmac (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians inhabiting Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.
[Written also Mikmaks.]

MICO
Mi"co, n. Etym: [Sp. or Pg. mico.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American monkey (Mico melanurus), allied to the
marmoset. The name was originally applied to an albino variety.

MICRACOUSTIC
Mi`cra*cous"tic, a.

Defn: Same as Microustic.

MICRASTER
Mi*cras"ter, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of sea urchins, similar to Spatangus, abounding in the
chalk formation; -- from the starlike disposal of the ambulacral
furrows.

MICRENCEPHALOUS
Mi`cren*ceph"a*lous, Etym: [Micr- + Gr.

Defn: Having a small brain.

MICRO-; MICR-
Mi"cro-, Mi"cr-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form signifying:
(a) Small, little, trivial, slight; as, microcosm, microscope.
(b) (Metric System, Elec., Mech., etc.) A millionth part of; as,
microfarad, microohm, micrometer.

MICROAMPERE
Mi`cro*am`père", n. Etym: [Micr- + ampère.] (Elec.)

Defn: One of the smaller measures of electrical currents; the
millionth part of one ampère.

MICROANALYSIS
Mi`cro*a*nal"y*sis, n.  [Micro-+ analysis.]

Defn: Analysis of the structure of materials from careful observation
of photomicrographs.

MICROBACTERIA
Mi`cro*bac*te"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Micro-, and Bacterium.]
(Biol.)

Defn: In the classification of Cohn, one of the four tribes of
Bacteria.

Note: In this classification bacteria are divided into four tribes:
1. Spherobacteria, or spherical bacteria, as the genus Micrococcus.
2. Microbacteria, or bacteria in the form of short rods, including
the genus Bacterium. 3. Desmobacteria, or bacteria in straight
filaments, of which the genus Bacillus is a type. 4. Spirobacteria,
or bacteria in spiral filaments, as the genus Vibrio.

MICROBAROGRAPH
Mi`cro*bar"o*graph, n.  [Micro-+ barograph.]

Defn: An instrument for recording minor fluctuations of atmospheric
pressure, as opposed to general barometric surges.

MICROBE; MICROBION
Mi"crobe, Mi*cro"bi*on, n. Etym: [NL. microbion, fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A microscopic organism; -- particularly applied to bacteria and
especially to pathogenic forms; as, the microbe of fowl cholera.

MICROBIAN
Mi*cro"bi*an, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or caused by, microbes; as, the microbian
theory; a microbian disease.

MICROBIC
Mi*crob"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a microbe.

MICROBICIDE
Mi*crob"i*cide, n. Etym: [Microbe + L. caedere to kill.] (Biol.)

Defn: Any agent detrimental to, or destructive of, the life of
microbes or bacterial organisms.

MICROBIOLOGY
Mi`cro*bi*ol"o*gy, n. [See Microbe; -logy.]

Defn: The study of minute organisms, or microbes, as the bacteria. --
Mi`cro*bi`o*log"ic*al (#), a. -- Mi`cro*bi*ol"o*gist (#), n.

MICROCEPHALIC; MICROCEPHALOUS
Mi`cro*ce*phal"ic, Mi`cro*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Micro- + cephalic,
cephalous.] (Anat.)

Defn: Having a small head; having the cranial cavity small; --
opposed to Ant: megacephalic.

MICRO-CHEMICAL
Mi`cro-chem"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to micro-chemistry; as, a micro-chemical test.

MICRO-CHEMISTRY
Mi`cro-chem"is*try, n. Etym: [Micro- + chemistry.]

Defn: The application of chemical tests to minute objects or portions
of matter, magnified by the use of the microscopy; -- distinguished
from macro-chemistry.

MICROCHRONOMETER
Mi`cro*chro*nom"e*ter, n.

Defn: A chronoscope.

MICROCLINE
Mi"cro*cline, n. Etym: [Micro- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of the feldspar group, like orthoclase or common
feldspar in composition, but triclinic in form.

MICROCOCCAL
Mi`cro*coc"cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to micrococci; caused by micrococci. Nature.

MICROCOCCUS
Mi`cro*coc"cus, n.; pl. Micrococci. Etym: [NL. See Micro-, and
Coccus.] (Biol.)

Defn: A genus of Spherobacteria, in the form of very small globular
or oval cells, forming, by transverse division, filaments, or chains
of cells, or in some cases single organisms shaped like dumb-bells
(Diplococcus), all without the power of motion. See Illust. of
Ascoccus.

Note: Physiologically, micrococci are divided into three groups;
chromogenic, characterized by their power of forming pigment;
zymogenic, including those associated with definite chemical
processes; and pathogenic, those connected with disease.

MICROCOSM
Mi"cro*cosm, n. Etym: [F. microcosme, L. microcosmus, fr. Gr.

Defn: A little world; a miniature universe. Hence (so called by
Paracelsus), a man, as a supposed epitome of the exterior universe or
great world. Opposed to macrocosm. Shak.

MICROCOSMIC; MICROCOSMICAL
Mi`cro*cos"mic, Mi`cro*cos"mic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. microcosmique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the microcosm. Microcosmic salt (Chem.), a
white crystalline substance obtained by mixing solutions of sodium
phosphate and ammonium phosphate, and also called hydric-sodic-
ammonic-phosphate. It is a powerful flux, and is used as a substitute
for borax as a blowpipe reagent in testing for the metallic oxides.
Originally obtained by the alchemists from human urine, and called
sal microcosmicum.

MICROCOSMOGRAPHY
Mi`cro*cos*mog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Microcosm + -graphy.]

Defn: Description of man as a microcosm.

MICROCOULOMB
Mi`cro*cou`lomb", n. Etym: [Micro- + coulomb.] (Elec.)

Defn: A measure of electrical quantity; the millionth part of one
coulomb.

MICROCOUSTIC
Mi`cro*cous"tic, a. Etym: [Micro- + acoustic: cf. F. microcoustique,
micracoustique.]

Defn: Pertaining, or suited, to the audition of small sounds; fitted
to assist hearing.

MICROCOUSTIC
Mi`cro*cous"tic, n.

Defn: An instrument for making faint sounds audible, as to a
partially deaf person.

MICROCRITH
Mi`cro*crith", n. Etym: [Micro- + crith.] (Chem.)

Defn: The weight of the half hydrogen molecule, or of the hydrogen
atom, taken as the standard in comparing the atomic weights of the
elements; thus, an atom of oxygen weighs sixteen microcriths. See
Crith. J. P. Cooke.

MICROCRYSTALLINE
Mi`cro*crys"tal*line, a. Etym: [Micro- + crystalline.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: Crystalline on a fine, or microscopic, scale; consisting of
fine crystals; as, the ground mass of certain porphyrics is
microcrystalline.

MICROCYTE
Mi"cro*cyte, n. Etym: [Micro- + Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: One of the elementary granules found in blood. They are much
smaller than an ordinary corpuscle, and are particularly noticeable
in disease, as in anæmia.

MICRODONT
Mic"ro*dont, a. Etym: [Micr- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having small teeth.

MICROFARAD
Mi`cro*far"ad, n. Etym: [Micro- + farad.] (Elec.)

Defn: The millionth part of a farad.

MICROFORM
Mi"cro*form, n. Etym: [Micro- + form, n.] (Biol.)

Defn: A microscopic form of life; an animal or vegetable organism
microscopic size.

MICRO-GEOLOGICAL
Mi`cro-ge`o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to micro-geology.

MICRO-GEOLOGY
Mi`cro-ge*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Micro- + geology.]

Defn: The part of geology relating to structure and organisms which
require to be studied with a microscope.

MICROGRAPH
Mi"cro*graph, n. Etym: [See Micrography.]

Defn: An instrument for executing minute writing or engraving.

MICROGRAPHIC
Mi`cro*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to micrography.

MICROGRAPHY
Mi*crog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Micro- + -graphy: cf. F. micrographie.]

Defn: The description of microscopic objects.

MICROHM
Mi*crohm", n. Etym: [Micr- + ohm.] (Elec.)

Defn: The millionth part of an ohm.

MICROLEPIDOPTERA
Mi`cro*lep`i*dop"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Micro-, and
Lepidoptera.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of Lepidoptera, including a vast number of minute
species, as the plume moth, clothes moth, etc.

MICROLESTES
Mi`cro*les"tes, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of small Triassic mammals, the oldest yet
found in European strata.

MICROLITE
Mi"cro*lite, n. Etym: [Micro- + -lite.] (Min.)

1. A rare mineral of resinous luster and high specific gravity. It is
a tantalate of calcium, and occurs in octahedral crystals usually
very minute.

2. (Min.)

Defn: A minute inclosed crystal, often observed when minerals or
rocks are examined in thin sections under the microscope.

MICROLITH
Mi"cro*lith, n. Etym: [Micro- + lith.] (Min.)

Defn: Same as Microlite, 2.

MICROLITHIC
Mi`cro*lith"ic, a.

Defn: Formed of small stones.

MICROLOGIC; MICROLOGICAL
Mi`cro*log"ic, Mi`cro*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to micrology; very minute; as, micrologic
examination.
 -- Mi`cro*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

MICROLOGY
Mi*crol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Micro- + -logy.]

1. That part of science which treats of microscopic objects, or
depends on microscopic observation.

2. Attention to petty items or differences. W. Taylor.

MICROMERE
Mi"cro*mere, n. Etym: [Micro- + -mere.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of the smaller cells, or blastomeres, resulting from the
complete segmentation of a telolecithal ovum.

MICROMETER
Mi*crom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Micro- + -meter: cf. F. micromètre.]

Defn: An instrument, used with a telescope or microscope, for
measuring minute distances, or the apparent diameters of objects
which subtend minute angles. The measurement given directly is that
of the image of the object formed at the focus of the object glass.
Circular, or Ring, micrometer, a metallic ring fixed in the focus of
the object glass of a telescope, and used to determine differences of
right ascension and declination between stars by observations of the
times at which the stars cross the inner or outer periphery of the
ring.
 -- Double image micrometer, a micrometer in which two images of an
object are formed in the field, usually by the two halves of a
bisected lens which are movable along their line of section by a
screw, and distances are determined by the number of screw
revolutions necessary to bring the points to be measured into optical
coincidence. When the two images are formed by a bisected objects
glass, it is called a divided-object-glass micrometer, and when the
instrument is large and equatorially mounted, it is known as a
heliometer.
 -- Double refraction micrometer, a species of double image
micrometer, in which the two images are formed by the double
refraction of rock crystal.
 -- Filar, or Bifilar, micrometer. See under Bifilar.
 -- Micrometer caliper or gauge (Mech.), a caliper or gauge with a
micrometer screw, for measuring dimensions with great accuracy.
 -- Micrometer head, the head of a micrometer screw.
 -- Micrometer microscope, a compound microscope combined with a
filar micrometer, used chiefly for reading and subdividing the
divisions of large astronomical and geodetical instruments.
 -- Micrometer screw, a screw with a graduated head used in some
forms of micrometers.
 -- Position micrometer. See under Position.
 -- Scale, or Linear, micrometer, a minute and very delicately
graduated scale of equal parts used in the field of a telescope or
microscope, for measuring distances by direct comparison.

MICROMETRIC; MICROMETRICAL
Mi`cro*met"ric, Mi`cro*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. micrométrique.]

Defn: Belonging to micrometry; made by the micrometer.
 -- Mi`cro*met"ric*al*ly, adv.

MICROMETRY
Mi*crom"e*try, n.

Defn: The art of measuring with a micrometer.

MICROMILLIMETER
Mi`cro*mil"li*me`ter, n. Etym: [Micro- + millimeter.]

Defn: The millionth part of a meter.

MICRON
Mic"ron, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Physics)

Defn: A measure of length; the thousandth part of one millimeter; the
millionth part of a meter.

MICRONESIAN
Mi"cro*ne"sian, a. Etym: [From Micronesia, fr. Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Micronesia, a collective designation of the
islands in the western part of the Pacific Ocean, embracing the
Marshall and Gilbert groups, the Ladrones, the Carolines, etc.

MICRONESIANS
Mi`cro*ne"sians, n. pl.; sing. Micronesian. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A dark race inhabiting the Micronesian Islands. They are
supposed to be a mixed race, derived from Polynesians and Papuans.

MICRONOMETER
Mi`cro*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Micro- + chronometer.]

Defn: An instrument for noting minute portions of time.

MICROORGANISM; MICRO-ORGANISM
Mi`cro*ör"gan*ism, n. Etym: [Micro- + organism.] (Biol.)

Defn: Any microscopic form of life; -- particularly applied to
bacteria and similar organisms, esp. such are supposed to cause
infectious diseases.

MICROPANTOGRAPH
Mi`cro*pan"to*graph, n. Etym: [Micro- + pantograph.]

Defn: A kind of pantograph which produces copies microscopically
minute.

MICROPARASITE
Mi`cro*par"a*site, n.

Defn: A parasitic microörganism. -- Mi`cro*par`a*sit"ic (#), a.

MICROPEGMATITE
Mi`cro*peg"ma*tite, n. Etym: [Micro- + pegmatite.] (Min.)

Defn: A rock showing under the microscope the structure of a graphic
granite (pegmatite).
 -- Mi`cro*peg`ma*tit"ic, a.

MICROPHONE
Mi"cro*phone, n. Etym: [Micro- + Gr. microphone.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for intensifying and making audible very feeble
sounds. It produces its effects by the changes of intensity in an
electric current, occasioned by the variations in the contact
resistance of conducting bodies, especially of imperfect conductors,
under the action of acoustic vibrations.

MICROPHONIC
Mi`cro*phon"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pert. to a microphone; serving to intensify weak sounds.

MICROPHONICS
Mi`cro*phon"ics, n. Etym: [See Microphone.]

Defn: The science which treats of the means of increasing the
intensity of low or weak sounds, or of the microphone.

MICROPHONOUS
Mi*croph"o*nous, a.

Defn: Serving to augment the intensity of weak sounds; microcoustic.

MICROPHOTOGRAPH
Mi`cro*pho"to*graph, n. Etym: [Micro- + photograph.]

1. A microscopically small photograph of a picture, writing, printed
page, etc.

2. An enlarged representation of a microscopic object, produced by
throwing upon a sensitive plate the magnified image of an object
formed by a microscope or other suitable combination of lenses.

Note: A picture of this kind is preferably called a photomicrograph.

MICROPHOTOGRAPHY
Mi`cro*pho*tog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: The art of making microphotographs.

MICROPHTHALMIA; MICROPHTHALMY
Mi`croph*thal"mi*a, Mi`croph*thal"my, n. Etym: [Micro- + Gr.

Defn: An unnatural smallness of the eyes, occurring as the result of
disease or of imperfect development.

MICROPHYLLOUS
Mi*croph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Micro- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Small-leaved.

MICROPHYTAL
Mi*croph"y*tal, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, microphytes.

MICROPHYTE
Mi"cro*phyte, n. Etym: [Micro- + Gr. microphyte.] (Bot.)

Defn: A very minute plant, one of certain unicellular algæ, such as
the germs of various infectious diseases are believed to be.

MICROPYLE
Mi"cro*pyle, n. Etym: [Micro- + Gr. micropyle.] (Biol.)
(a) An opening in the membranes surrounding the ovum, by which
nutrition is assisted and the entrance of the spermatozoa permitted.
(b) An opening in the outer coat of a seed, through which the
fecundating pollen enters the ovule.
 -- Mi*crop"y*lar, a.

MICROSCOPAL
Mi*cros"co*pal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to microscopy, or to the use of the microscope.
Huxley.

MICROSCOPE
Mi"cro*scope, n. Etym: [Micro- + -scope.]

Defn: An optical instrument, consisting of a lens, or combination of
lenses, for making an enlarged image of an object which is too minute
to be viewed by the naked eye. Compound microscope, an instrument
consisting of a combination of lenses such that the image formed by
the lens or set of lenses nearest the object (called the objective)
is magnified by another lens called the ocular or eyepiece.
 -- Oxyhydrogen microscope, and Solar microscope. See under
Oxyhydrogen, and Solar.
 -- Simple, or Single, microscope, a single convex lens used to
magnify objects placed in its focus.

MICROSCOPIAL
Mi`cro*sco"pi*al, a.

Defn: Microscopic. [R.] Berkeley.

MICROSCOPIC; MICROSCOPICAL
Mi`cro*scop"ic, Mi`cro*scop"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. microscopique.]

1. Of or pertaining to the microscope or to microscopy; made with a
microscope; as, microscopic observation.

2. Able to see extremely minute objects.
Why has not man a microscopic eye Pope.

3. Very small; visible only by the aid of a microscope; as, a
microscopic insect.

MICROSCOPICALLY
Mi`cro*scop"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By the microscope; with minute inspection; in a microscopic
manner.

MICROSCOPIST
Mi*cros"co*pist, n.

Defn: One skilled in, or given to, microscopy.

MICROSCOPY
Mi*cros"co*py, n.

Defn: The use of the microscope; investigation with the microscope.

MICROSEISM
Mi"cro*seism, n.  [Micro- + Gr.  an earthquake, fr.  to shake.]

Defn: A feeble earth tremor not directly perceptible, but detected
only by means of specially constructed apparatus. -- Mi`cro*seis"mic
(#), *seis"mic*al (#), a.

MICROSEISMOGRAPH
Mi`cro*seis"mo*graph, n. [Microseiem + -graph.]

Defn: A microseismometer; specif., a microseismometer producing a
graphic record.

MICROSEISMOLOGY
Mi`cro*seis*mol"o*gy, n. [Microseiem + -logy.]

Defn: Science or study of microseisms.

MICROSEISMOMETER
Mi`cro*seis*mom"e*ter, n. [Microseism + -meter.]

Defn: A seismometer for measuring amplitudes or periods, or both, of
microseisms. --Mi`cro*seis*mom"e*try (#), n.

MICROSEME
Mi"cro*seme, a. Etym: [Micro- + Gr. microsème.] (Anat.)

Defn: Having the orbital index relatively small; having the orbits
broad transversely; -- opposed to Ant: megaseme.

MICROSPECTROSCOPE
Mi`cro*spec"tro*scope, n. Etym: [Micro- + spectroscope.] (Physics)

Defn: A spectroscope arranged for attachment to a microscope, for
observation of the spectrum of light from minute portions of any
substance.

MICROSPORANGIUM
Mi`cro*spo*ran"gi*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Micro-, and Sporangium.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A sporangium or conceptacle containing only very minute spores.
Cf. Macrosporangium.

MICROSPORE
Mi"cro*spore, n. Etym: [Micro- + spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the exceedingly minute spores found in certain
flowerless plants, as Selaginella and Isoetes, which bear two kinds
of spores, one very much smaller than the other. Cf. Macrospore.

MICROSPORIC
Mi`cro*spor"ic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to microspores.

MICROSTHENE
Mi"cro*sthene, n. Etym: [Micro- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of mammals having a small size as a typical
characteristic. It includes the lower orders, as the Insectivora,
Cheiroptera, Rodentia, and Edentata.

MICROSTHENIC
Mi`cro*sthen"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a typically small size; of or pertaining to the
microsthenes.

MICROTASIMETER
Mi`cro*ta*sim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Micro- + ta.] (Physics)

Defn: A tasimeter, especially when arranged for measuring very small
extensions. See Tasimeter.

MICROTOME
Mi"cro*tome, n. Etym: [Micro- + Gr.

Defn: An instrument for making very thin sections for microscopical
examination.

MICROTOMIC; MICROTOMICAL
Mi`cro*tom"ic, Mi`cro*tom"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pert. to the microtome or microtomy; cutting thin slices.

MICROTOMIST
Mi*crot"o*mist, n.

Defn: One who is skilled in or practices microtomy.

MICROTOMY
Mi*crot"o*my, n.

Defn: The art of using the microtome; investigation carried on with
the microtome.

MICROVOLT
Mi`cro*volt", n. Etym: [Micro- + volt.] (Elec.)

Defn: A measure of electro-motive force; the millionth part of one
volt.

MICROWEBER
Mi`cro*we"ber, n. Etym: [Micro- + weber.] (Elec.)

Defn: The millionth part of one weber.

MICROZOA
Mi`cro*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Infusoria.

MICROZOOSPORE; MICROZOOESPORE
Mi`cro*zo"ö*spore, n. Etym: [Micro- + zoöspore.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small motile spore furnished with two vibratile cilia, found
in certain green algæ.

MICROZYME
Mi"cro*zyme, n. Etym: [Micro- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A microörganism which is supposed to act like a ferment in
causing or propagating certain infectious or contagious diseases; a
pathogenic bacterial organism.

MICTURITION
Mic`tu*ri"tion, n. Etym: [L. micturire to desire to make water, v.
desid. fr. mingere, mictum, to make water.]

Defn: The act of voiding urine; also, a morbidly frequent passing of
the urine, in consequence of disease.

MID
Mid, a. [Compar. wanting; superl. Midmost.] Etym: [AS. midd; akin to
OS. middi, D. mid (in comp.), OHG. mitti, Icel. mi, Goth. midjis, L.
medius, Gr. madhya. Amid, Middle, Midst, Mean, Mediate, Meridian,
Mizzen, Moiety.]

1. Denoting the middle part; as, in mid ocean.
No more the mounting larks, while Daphne sings, Shall list'ning in
mid air suspend their wings. Pope.

2. Occupying a middle position; middle; as, the mid finger; the mid
hour of night.

3. (Phon.)

Defn: Made with a somewhat elevated position of some certain part of
the tongue, in relation to the palate; midway between the high and
the low; -- said of certain vowel sounds; as, a (ale), ê (êll), o
(old). See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 10, 11.

Note: Mid is much used as a prefix, or combining form, denoting the
middle or middle part of a thing; as, mid-air, mid-channel, mid-age,
midday, midland, etc. Also, specifically, in geometry, to denote a
circle inscribed in a triangle (a midcircle), or relation to such a
circle; as, mid-center, midradius.

MID
Mid, n.

Defn: Middle. [Obs.]
About the mid of night come to my tent. Shak.

MID
Mid, prep.

Defn: See Amid.

MIDA
Mi"da, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of the bean fly.

MIDAS
Mi"das, n. Etym: [So called from L. Midas, a man fabled to have had
ass's ears.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of longeared South American monkeys, including numerous
species of marmosets. See Marmoset.

MIDAS'S EAR
Mi"das's ear". Etym: [See Midas.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A pulmonate mollusk (Auricula, or Ellobium, aurismidæ); -- so
called from resemblance to a human ear.

MIDBRAIN
Mid"brain`, n. Etym: [Mid, a. + brain.] (Anat.)

Defn: The middle segment of the brain; the mesencephalon. See Brain.

MIDDAY
Mid"day`, n. Etym: [AS. middæg. See Mid, a., and Day.]

Defn: The middle part of the day; noon.

MIDDAY
Mid"day`, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to noon; meridional; as, the midday sun.

MIDDEN
Mid"den, n. [Also midding.] Etym: [Cf. Dan. mögdynge, E. muck, and
dung.]

1. A dunghill. [Prov. Eng.]

2. An accumulation of refuse about a dwelling place; especially, an
accumulation of shells or of cinders, bones, and other refuse on the
supposed site of the dwelling places of prehistoric tribes, -- as on
the shores of the Baltic Sea and in many other places. See Kitchen
middens.

MIDDEN CROW
Mid"den crow". (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common European crow. [Prov. Eng.]

MIDDEST
Mid"dest, a.; superl. of Mid. Etym: [See Midst.]

Defn: Situated most nearly in the middle; middlemost; midmost. [Obs.]
" 'Mongst the middest crowd." Spenser.

MIDDEST
Mid"dest, n.

Defn: Midst; middle. [Obs.] Fuller.

MIDDING
Mid"ding, n.

Defn: Same as Midden.

MIDDLE
Mid"dle, a. Etym: [OE. middel, AS. middel; akin to D. middel, OHG.
muttil, G. mittel. Mid, a.]

1. Equally distant from the extreme either of a number of things or
of one thing; mean; medial; as, the middle house in a row; a middle
rank or station in life; flowers of middle summer; men of middle age.

2. Intermediate; intervening.
Will, seeking good, finds many middle ends. Sir J. Davies.

Note: Middle is sometimes used in the formation of selfexplaining
compounds; as, middle-sized, middle-witted. Middle Ages, the period
of time intervening between the decline of the Roman Empire and the
revival of letters. Hallam regards it as beginning with the sixth and
ending with the fifteenth century.
 -- Middle class, in England, people who have an intermediate
position between the aristocracy and the artisan class. It includes
professional men, bankers, merchants, and small landed proprietors
The middle-class electorate of Great Britain. M. Arnold.
-- Middle distance. (Paint.) See Middle-ground.
 -- Middle English. See English, n., 2.
 -- Middle Kingdom, China.
 -- Middle oil (Chem.), that part of the distillate obtained from
coal tar which passes over between 170º and 230º Centigrade; --
distinguished from the light, and the heavy or dead, oil.
 -- Middle passage, in the slave trade, that part of the Atlantic
Ocean between Africa and the West Indies.
 -- Middle post. (Arch.) Same as King-post.
 -- Middle States, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware;
which, at the time of the formation of the Union, occupied a middle
position between the Eastern States (or New England) and the Southern
States. [U.S.] -- Middle term (Logic), that term of a syllogism with
which the two extremes are separately compared, and by means of which
they are brought together in the conclusion. Brande.
 -- Middle tint (Paint.), a subdued or neutral tint. Fairholt.
 -- Middle voice. (Gram.) See under Voice.
 -- Middle watch, the period from midnight to four A. M.; also, the
men on watch during that time. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
 -- Middle weight, a pugilist, boxer, or wrestler classed as of
medium weight, i. e., over 140 and not over 160 lbs., in distinction
from those classed as light weights, heavy weights, etc.

MIDDLE
Mid"dle, n. Etym: [AS. middel. See Middle, a.]

Defn: The point or part equally distant from the extremities or
exterior limits, as of a line, a surface, or a solid; an intervening
point or part in space, time, or order of series; the midst; central
portion; specif., the waist. Chaucer. "The middle of the land." Judg.
ix. 37.
In this, as in most questions of state, there is a middle. Burke.

Syn.
 -- See Midst.

MIDDLE-AGE
Mid"dle-age`, Etym: [Middle + age. Cf. Mediæval.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Middle Ages; mediæval.

MIDDLE-AGED
Mid"dle-aged`, a.

Defn: Being about the middle of the ordinary age of man; between 30
and 50 years old.

MIDDLE-EARTH
Mid"dle-earth`, n.

Defn: The world, considered as lying between heaven and hell. [Obs.]
Shak.

MIDDLE-GROUND
Mid"dle-ground`, n. (Paint.)

Defn: That part of a picture between the foreground and the
background.

MIDDLEMAN
Mid"dle*man, n.; pl. Middlemen (.

1. An agent between two parties; a broker; a go-between; any dealer
between the producer and the consumer; in Ireland, one who takes land
of the proprietors in large tracts, and then rents it out in small
portions to the peasantry.

2. A person of intermediate rank; a commoner.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: The man who occupies a central position in a file of soldiers.

MIDDLEMOST
Mid"dle*most`, a. Etym: [Cf. Midmost.]

Defn: Being in the middle, or nearest the middle; midmost.

MIDDLER
Mid"dler, n.

Defn: One of a middle or intermediate class in some schools and
seminaries.

MIDDLING
Mid"dling, a.

Defn: Of middle rank, state, size, or quality; about equally distant
from the extremes; medium; moderate; mediocre; ordinary. "A town of
but middling size." Hallam.
Plainly furnished, as beseemed the middling circumstances of its
inhabitants. Hawthorne.
-- Mid"dling*ly, adv.
 -- Mid"dling*ness, n.

MIDDLINGS
Mid"dlings, n. pl.

1. A combination of the coarser parts of ground wheat the finest
bran, separated from the fine flour and coarse bran in bolting; --
formerly regarded as valuable only for feed; but now, after
separation of the bran, used for making the best quality of flour.
Middlings contain a large proportion of gluten.

2. In the southern and western parts of the United States, the
portion of the hog between the ham and the shoulder; bacon; -- called
also middles. Bartlett.

MIDDY
Mid"dy, n.; pl. Middies (.

Defn: A colloquial abbreviation of midshipman.

MIDFEATHER
Mid"feath`er, n.

1. (Steam Boilers)

Defn: A vertical water space in a fire box or combustion chamber.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A support for the center of a tunnel.

MIDGARD
Mid"gard`, n. Etym: [Icel. miedhgaredhr.] (Scand. Myth.)

Defn: The middle space or region between heaven and hell; the abode
of human beings; the earth.

MIDGARD; MIDGARTH; MITHGARTHR
Mid"gard (mid"gärd), n. Also Mid"garth (-gärth), Mith"garthr (Icel.
meth"gärthr'). [Icel. miðgarðr.] (Teut. Myth.)

Defn: The middle space or region between heaven and hell, the abode
of human beings; the earth.

MIDGE
Midge, n. Etym: [OE. migge, AS. mycge; akin to OS. muggia, D. mug, G.
mücke, OHG. mucca, Icel. m, Sw. mygga, mygg, Dan. myg; perh. named
from its buzzing; cf. Gr. (Zoöl.)

1. Any one of many small, delicate, long-legged flies of the
Chironomus, and allied genera, which do not bite. Their larvæ are
usually aquatic.

2. A very small fly, abundant in many parts of the United States and
Canada, noted for the irritating quality of its bite.

Note: The name is also applied to various other small flies. See
Wheat midge, under Wheat.

MIDGET
Midg"et, n. Etym: [Dim. of midge.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A minute bloodsucking fly. [Local, U. S.]

2. A very diminutive person.

MIDGUT
Mid"gut`, n. Etym: [Mid, a. + gut.] (Anat.)

Defn: The middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or
entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine.

MIDHEAVEN
Mid"heav`en, n.

1. The midst or middle of heaven or the sky.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The meridian, or middle line of the heavens; the point of the
ecliptic on the meridian.

MIDLAND
Mid"land, a.

1. Being in the interior country; distant from the coast or seashore;
as, midland towns or inhabitants. Howell.

2. Surrounded by the land; mediterranean.
And on the midland sea the French had awed. Dryden.

MIDLAND
Mid"land, n.

Defn: The interior or central region of a country; -- usually in the
plural. Drayton.

MIDMAIN
Mid"main`, n.

Defn: The middle part of the main or sea. [Poetic] Chapman.

MIDMOST
Mid"most`, a. Etym: [OE. middemiste. Cf. Foremost.]

Defn: Middle; middlemost.
Ere night's midmost, stillest hour was past. Byron.

MIDNIGHT
Mid"night`, n. Etym: [AS. midniht.]

Defn: The middle of the night; twelve o'clock at night.
The iron tongue of midnight hath told twelve. Shak.

MIDNIGHT
Mid"night`, a.

Defn: Being in, or characteristic of, the middle of the night; as,
midnight studies; midnight gloom. "Midnight shout and revelry."
Milton.

MIDNIGHT SUN
Mid"night` sun.

Defn: The sun shining at midnight in the arctic or antarctic summer.

MIDRASH
Mid*rash", n.; pl. Midrashim, Midrashoth. Etym: [Heb., explanation.]

Defn: A talmudic exposition of the Hebrew law, or of some part of it.

MIDRIB
Mid"rib`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A continuation of the petiole, extending from the base to the
apex of the lamina of a leaf.

MIDRIFF
Mid"riff, n. Etym: [AS. midhrif; midd mid, middle + hrif bowels,
womb; akin to OFries. midref midriff, rif, ref, belly, OHG. href
body, and to L. corpus body. See Corpse.] (Anat.)

Defn: See Diaphragm, n., 2.
Smote him into the midriff with a stone. Milton.

MID SEA; MID-SEA
Mid" sea", or; Mid"-sea".

Defn: The middle part of the sea or ocean. Milton. The Mid-sea, the
Mediterranean Sea. [Obs.]

MIDSHIP
Mid"ship`, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or being in, the middle of a ship. Midship
beam (Naut.), the beam or timber upon which the broadest part of a
vessel is formed.
 -- Midship bend, the broadest frame in a vessel. Weale.

MIDSHIPMAN
Mid"ship`man, n.; pl. Midshipmen (.

1.
(a) Formerly, a kind of naval cadet, in a ship of war, whose business
was to carry orders, messages, reports, etc., between the officers of
the quarter-deck and those of the forecastle, and render other
services as required.
(b) In the English naval service, the second rank attained by a
combatant officer after a term of service as naval cadet. Having
served three and a half years in this rank, and passed an
examination, he is eligible to promotion to the rank of lieutenant.
(c) In the United States navy, the lowest grade of officers in line
of promotion, being graduates of the Naval Academy awaiting promotion
to the rank of ensign.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American marine fish of the genus Porichthys, allied to the
toadfish. Cadet midshipman, formerly a title distinguishing a cadet
line officer from a cadet engineer at the U. S. Naval Academy. See
under Cadet.
 -- Cadet midshipman, formerly, a naval cadet who had served his
time, passed his examinations, and was awaiting promotion; -- now
called, in the United States, midshipman; in England, sublieutenant.

MIDSHIPS
Mid"ships`, adv. Etym: [For amidships.] (Naut.)

Defn: In the middle of a ship; -- properly amidships.

MIDSHIPS
Mid"ships`, n. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: The timbers at the broadest part of the vessel. R. H. Dana, Jr.

MIDST
Midst, n. Etym: [From middest, in the middest, for older in middes,
where -s is adverbial (orig. forming a genitive), or still older a
midde, a midden, on midden. See Mid, and cf. Amidst.]

1. The interior or central part or place; the middle; -- used chiefly
in the objective case after in; as, in the midst of the forest.
And when the devil had thrown him in the midst, he came out of him.
Luke iv. 35.
There is nothing... in the midst [of the play] which might not have
been placed in the beginning. Dryden.

2. Hence, figuratively, the condition of being surrounded or beset;
the press; the burden; as, in the midst of official duties; in the
midst of secular affairs.

Note: The expressions in our midst, in their midst, etc., are avoided
by some good writers, the forms in the midst of us, in the midst of
them, etc., being preferred.

Syn.
 -- Midst, Middle. Midst in present usage commonly denotes a part or
place surrounded on enveloped by or among other parts or objects (see
Amidst); while middle is used of the center of length, or surface, or
of a solid, etc. We say in the midst of a thicket; in the middle of a
line, or the middle of a room; in the midst of darkness; in the
middle of the night.

MIDST
Midst, prep.

Defn: In the midst of; amidst. Shak.

MIDST
Midst, adv.

Defn: In the middle. [R.] Milton.

MIDSUMMER
Mid"sum`mer, n. Etym: [AS. midsumor.]

Defn: The middle of summer. Shak. Midsummer daisy (Bot.), the oxeye
daisy.

MIDWARD
Mid"ward, a.

Defn: Situated in the middle.

MIDWARD
Mid"ward, adv.

Defn: In or toward the midst.

MIDWAY
Mid"way`, n.

Defn: The middle of the way or distance; a middle way or course.
Shak.
Paths indirect, or in the midway faint. Milton.

MIDWAY
Mid"way`, a.

Defn: Being in the middle of the way or distance; as, the midway air.
Shak.

MIDWAY
Mid"way`, adv.

Defn: In the middle of the way or distance; half way. "She met his
glance midway." Dryden.

MIDWEEK
Mid"week`, n.

Defn: The middle of the week. Also used adjectively.

MIDWIFE
Mid"wife`, n.; pl. Midwives. Etym: [OE. midwif, fr. AS. mid with
(akin to Gr. Meta-, and Wife.]

Defn: A woman who assists other women in childbirth; a female
practitioner of the obstetric art.

MIDWIFE
Mid"wife`, v. t.

Defn: To assist in childbirth.

MIDWIFE
Mid"wife`, v. i.

Defn: To perform the office of midwife.

MIDWIFERY
Mid"wife`ry, n.

1. The art or practice of assisting women in childbirth; obstetrics.

2. Assistance at childbirth; help or coöperation in production.

MIDWINTER
Mid"win`ter, n. Etym: [AS. midwinter.]

Defn: The middle of winter. Dryden.

MIDWIVE
Mid"wive`, v. t.

Defn: To midwife. [Obs.]

MIEN
Mien, n. Etym: [F. mine; perh. from sane source as mener to lead; cf.
E. demean, menace, mine, n.]

Defn: Aspect; air; manner; demeanor; carriage; bearing.
Vice is a monster of so frightful mien, As, to be hated, needs but to
be seen. Pope.

MIFF
Miff, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. G. muff sullenness, sulkiness, muffen to be
silky, muffïg sullen, pouting.]

Defn: A petty falling out; a tiff; a quarrel; offense. Fielding.

MIFF
Miff, v. t.

Defn: To offend slightly. [Colloq.]

MIGHT
Might,

Defn: imp. of May. Etym: [AS. meahte, mihte.]

MIGHT
Might, n. Etym: [AS. meaht, miht, from the root of magan to be able,
E. may; akin to D. magt, OS. maht, G. macht, Icel. mattr, Goth.
mahts. May, v.]

Defn: Force or power of any kind, whether of body or mind; energy or
intensity of purpose, feeling, or action; means or resources to
effect an object; strength; force; power; ability; capacity.
What so strong, But wanting rest, will also want of might Spenser.
Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thine heart, and with all
thy soul, and with all thy might. Deut. vi. 5.
With might and main. See under 2d Main.

MIGHTFUL
Might"ful, a.

Defn: Mighty. [Obs.] Shak.

MIGHTILY
Might"i*ly, adv. Etym: [From Mighty.]

1. In a mighty manner; with might; with great earnestness;
vigorously; powerfully.
Whereunto I also labor, striving according to his working, which
worketh in me mightily. Col. i. 29.

2. To a great degree; very much.
Practical jokes amused us mightily. Hawthorne.

MIGHTINESS
Might"i*ness, n.

1. The quality of being mighty; possession of might; power;
greatness; high dignity.
How soon this mightiness meets misery. Shak.

2. Highness; excellency; -- with a possessive pronoun, a title of
dignity; as, their high mightinesses.

MIGHTLESS
Might"less, a.

Defn: Without; weak. [Obs.]

MIGHTY
Might"y, a. [Compar. Mightier; superl. Mightiest.] Etym: [AS.
meahtig, mihtig; akin to G. mächtig, Goth. mahteigs. See Might, n.]

1. Possessing might; having great power or authority.
Wise in heart, and mighty in strength. Job ix. 4.

2. Accomplished by might; hence, extraordinary; wonderful. "His
mighty works." Matt. xi. 20.

3. Denoting and extraordinary degree or quality in respect of size,
character, importance, consequences, etc. "A mighty famine." Luke xv.
14. "Giants of mighty bone." Milton.
Mighty was their fuss about little matters. Hawthorne.

MIGHTY
Might"y, n.; pl. Mighties.

Defn: A warrior of great force and courage. [R. & Obs.] 1 Chron. xi.
12.

MIGHTY
Might"y, adv.

Defn: In a great degree; very. [Colloq.] "He was mighty methodical."
Jeffrey.
We have a mighty pleasant garden. Doddridge.

MIGNIARD
Mign"iard, a. Etym: [F. mignard, akin to mignon. See Minion.]

Defn: Soft; dainty. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

MIGNIARDISE
Mign"iard*ise, n. Etym: [F. mignardise.]

Defn: Delicate fondling. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

MIGNON
Mi"gnon, a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See 3d Minion.

MIGNON
Mi"gnon, v. t.

Defn: To flatter. [R. & Obs.] Danie

MIGNONETTE
Mi`gnon*ette", n. Etym: [F. mignonnette, dim. of mignon darling. See
2d Minion.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Reseda odorata) having greenish flowers with orange-
colored stamens, and exhaling a delicious fragrance. In Africa it is
a low shrub, but further north it is usually an annual herb.
Mignonette pepper, coarse pepper.

MIGRAINE
Mi*graine", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Same as Megrim.
 -- Mi*grain"ous, a.

MIGRANT
Mi"grant, a. Etym: [L. migrans, p. pr. of migrare. See Migrate.]

Defn: Migratory. Sir T. Browne.
 -- n.

Defn: A migratory bird or other animal.

MIGRATE
Mi"grate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Migrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Migrating.]
Etym: [L. migratus, p. p. of migrare to migrate, transfer.]

1. To remove from one country or region to another, with a view to
residence; to change one's place of residence; to remove; as, the
Moors who migrated from Africa into Spain; to migrate to the West.

2. To pass periodically from one region or climate to another for
feeding or breeding; -- said of certain birds, fishes, and
quadrupeds.

MIGRATION
Mi*gra"tion, n. Etym: [L. migratio: cf. F. migration.]

Defn: The act of migrating.

MIGRATORY
Mi"gra*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. migratoire.]

1. Removing regularly or occasionally from one region or climate to
another; as, migratory birds.

2. Hence, roving; wandering; nomad; as, migratory habits; a migratory
life. Migratory locust (Zoöl.) See Locust.
 -- Migratory thrush (Zoöl.), the American robin. See Robin.

MIKADO
Mi*ka"do, n. Etym: [Jap.]

Defn: The popular designation of the hereditary sovereign of Japan.

MIKMAKS
Mik"maks, n.

Defn: Same as Micmacs.

MILADY
Mi*la"dy, n. [F., fr. English.]

Defn: Lit., my lady; hence (as used on the Continent), an English
noblewoman or gentlewoman.

MILAGE
Mil"age (; 48), n.

Defn: Same as Mileage.

MILANESE
Mil`an*ese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Milan in Italy, or to its inhabitants.
 -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Milan; people of Milan.

MILCH
Milch, a. Etym: [OE. milche; akin to G. melk, Icel. milkr, mj, and to
E. milk. See Milk.]

1. Giving milk; -- now applied only to beasts. "Milch camels." Gen.
xxxii. "Milch kine." Shak.

2. Tender; pitiful; weeping. [Obs.] Shak.

MILD
Mild, a. [Compar. Milder; superl. Mildest.] Etym: [AS. milde; akin to
OS. mildi, D. & G. mild, OHG. milti, Icel. mildr, Sw. & Dan. mild,
Goth. milds; cf. Lith. melas dear, Gr.

Defn: Gentle; pleasant; kind; soft; bland; clement; hence, moderate
in degree or quality; -- the opposite of harsh, severe, irritating,
violent, disagreeable, etc.; -- applied to persons and things; as, a
mild disposition; a mild eye; a mild air; a mild medicine; a mild
insanity.
The rosy morn resigns her light And milder glory to the noon. Waller.
Adore him as a mild and merciful Being. Rogers.
Mild, or Low, steel, steel that has but little carbon in it and is
not readily hardened.

Syn.
 -- Soft; gentle; bland; calm; tranquil; soothing; pleasant; placid;
meek; kind; tender; indulgent; clement; mollifying; lenitive;
assuasive. See Gentle.

MILDEN
Mild"en, v. t.

Defn: To make mild, or milder. Lowell.

MILDEW
Mil"dew, n. Etym: [AS. meledeáw; akin to OHG. militou, G. mehlthau,
mehltau; prob. orig. meaning, honeydew; cf. Goth. milip honey. See
Mellifluous, and Dew.] (Bot.)

Defn: A growth of minute powdery or webby fungi, whitish or of
different colors, found on various diseased or decaying substances.

MILDEW
Mil"dew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mildewed; p. pr. & vb. n. Mildewing.]

Defn: To taint with mildew.
He... mildews the white wheat. Shak.

MILDEW
Mil"dew, v. i.

Defn: To become tainted with mildew.

MILDLY
Mild"ly, adv.

Defn: In a mild manner.

MILDNESS
Mild"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being mild; as, mildness of temper; the
mildness of the winter.

MILE
Mile, n. Etym: [AS. mil, fr. L. millia, milia; pl. of mille a
thousand, i. e., milia passuum a thousand paces. Cf. Mill the tenth
of a cent, Million.]

Defn: A certain measure of distance, being equivalent in England and
the United States to 320 poles or rods, or 5,280 feet.

Note: The distance called a mile varies greatly in different
countries. Its length in yards is, in Norway, 12,182; in Brunswick,
11,816; in Sweden, 11,660; in Hungary, 9,139; in Switzerland, 8,548;
in Austria, 8,297; in Prussia, 8,238; in Poland, 8,100; in Italy,
2,025; in England and the United States, 1,760; in Spain, 1,552; in
the Netherlands, 1,094. Geographical, or Nautical mile, one sixtieth
of a degree of a great circle of the earth, or 6080.27 feet.
 -- Mile run. Same as Train mile. See under Train.
 -- Roman mile, a thousand paces, equal to 1,614 yards English
measure.
 -- Statute mile, a mile conforming to statute, that is, in England
and the United States, a mile of 5,280 feet, as distinguished from
any other mile.

MILEAGE
Mile"age (; 48), n.

1. An allowance for traveling expenses at a certain rate per mile.

2. Aggregate length or distance in miles; esp., the sum of lengths of
tracks or wires of a railroad company, telegraph company, etc.
[Written also milage.] Constructive mileage, a mileage allowed for
journeys supposed to be made, but not actually made. Bartlett.

MILEPOST
Mile"post`, n.

Defn: A post, or one of a series of posts, set up to indicate spaces
of a mile each or the distance in miles from a given place.

MILESIAN
Mi*le"sian, a. Etym: [L. Milesius, Gr.

1. (Anc. Geog.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Miletus, a city of Asia Minor, or to its
inhabitants.

2. (Irish Legendary Hist.)

Defn: Descended from King Milesius of Spain, whose two sons are said
to have conquered Ireland about 1300 b. c.; or pertaining to the
descendants of King Milesius; hence, Irish.

MILESIAN
Mi*le"sian, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Miletus.

2. A native or inhabitant of Ireland.

MILESTONE
Mile"stone`, n.

Defn: A stone serving the same purpose as a milepost.

MILFOIL
Mil"foil, n. Etym: [F. mille-feuille, L. millefolium; mille thousand
+ folium leaf. See Foil a leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: A common composite herb (Achillea Millefolium) with white
flowers and finely dissected leaves; yarrow. Water milfoil (Bot.), an
aquatic herb with dissected leaves (Myriophyllum).

MILIARIA
Mil`i*a"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Miliary.] (Med.)

Defn: A fever accompanied by an eruption of small, isolated, red
pimples, resembling a millet seed in form or size; miliary fever.

MILIARY
Mil"ia*ry, a. Etym: [L. miliarius, fr. milium millet: cf. F.
miliaire.]

1. Like millet seeds; as, a miliary eruption.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Accompanied with an eruption like millet seeds; as, a miliary
fever.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Small and numerous; as, the miliary tubercles of Echini.

MILIARY
Mil"ia*ry, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the small tubercles of Echini.

MILICE
Mi`lice", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Militia. [Obs.]

MILIEU
Mi`lieu", n. [F., fr. mi middle (L. medius) + lieu place. See Demi-,
Lieu.]

Defn: Environment.

The intellectual and moral milieu created by multitudes of self-
centered, cultivated personalities.
J. A. Symonds.

It is one of the great outstanding facts of his progressive relation
to the elements of his social milieu.
J. M. Baldwin.

MILIOLA
Mil"i*o`la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. milium millet. So named from
its resemblance to millet seed.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Foraminifera, having a porcelanous shell with
several longitudinal chambers.

MILIOLITE
Mil"i*o*lite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil shell of, or similar to, the genus Miliola.

MILIOLITE
Mil"i*o*lite, a.

Defn: The same Milliolitic. Miliolite limestone (Geol.), a building
stone, one of the group of the Paris basin, almost entirely made up
of many-chambered microscopic shells.

MILIOLITIC
Mil`i*o*lit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the genus Miliola; containing miliolites.

MILITANCY
Mil"i*tan*cy, n. Etym: [See Militant.]

1. The state of being militant; warfare.

2. A military spirit or system; militarism. H. Spencer.

MILITANT
Mil"i*tant, a. Etym: [L. militans, -antis, p. pr. of militare to be
soldier: cf. F. militant. See Militate.]

Defn: Engaged in warfare; fighting; combating; serving as a soldier.
 -- Mil"i*tant*ly, adv.
At which command the powers militant... Moved on in silence. Milton.
Church militant, the Christian church on earth, which is supposed to
be engaged in a constant warfare against its enemies, and is thus
distinguished from the church triumphant, in heaven.

MILITAR
Mil"i*tar, a.

Defn: Military. [Obs.] Bacon.

MILITARILY
Mil"i*ta*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a military manner.

MILITARISM
Mil"i*ta*rism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. militarisme.]

1. A military state or condition; reliance on military force in
administering government; a military system.

2. The spirit and traditions of military life. H. Spencer.

MILITARIST
Mil"i*ta*rist, n.

Defn: A military man. [Obs.] Shak.

MILITARY
Mil"i*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. militaris, militarius, from miles, militis,
soldier: cf. F. militaire.]

1. Of or pertaining to soldiers, to arms, or to war; belonging to,
engaged in, or appropriate to, the affairs of war; as, a military
parade; military discipline; military bravery; military conduct;
military renown.
Nor do I, as an enemy to peace, Troop in the throngs of military men.
Shak.

2. Performed or made by soldiers; as, a military election; a military
expedition. Bacon. Military law. See Martial law, under Martial.
 -- Military order. (a) A command proceeding from a military
superior. (b) An association of military persons under a bond of
certain peculiar rules; especially, such an association of knights in
the Middle Ages, or a body in modern times taking a similar form,
membership of which confers some distinction.
 -- Military tenure, tenure of land, on condition of performing
military service.

MILITARY
Mil"i*ta*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. militaire.]

Defn: The whole body of soldiers; soldiery; militia; troops; the
army.

MILITATE
Mil"i*tate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Militated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Militating.] Etym: [L. militare, militatum, to be a soldier, fr.
miles, militis, soldier.]

Defn: To make war; to fight; to contend; -- usually followed by
against and with.
These are great questions, where great names militate against each
other. Burke.
The invisible powers of heaven seemed to militate on the side of the
pious emperor. Gibbon.

MILITIA
Mi*li"tia, n. Etym: [L., military service, soldiery, fr. miles,
militis, soldier: cf. F. milice.]

1. In the widest sense, the whole military force of a nation,
including both those engaged in military service as a business, and
those competent and available for such service; specifically, the
body of citizens enrolled for military instruction and discipline,
but not subject to be called into actual service except in
emergencies.
The king's captains and soldiers fight his battles, and yet... the
power of the militia is he. Jer. Taylor.

2. Military service; warfare. [Obs.] Baxter.

MILITIAMAN
Mi*li"tia*man, n.; pl. Militiamen (.

Defn: One who belongs to the militia.

MILITIATE
Mi*li"ti*ate, v. i.

Defn: To carry on, or prepare for, war. [Obs.] Walpole.

MILK
Milk, n. Etym: [AS. meoluc, meoloc, meolc, milc; akin to OFries.
meloc, D. melk, G. milch, OHG. miluh, Icel. mj, Sw. mjölk, Dan. melk,
Goth. miluks, G. melken to milk, OHG. melchan, Lith. milszti, L.
mulgere, Gr. Milch, Emulsion, Milt soft roe of fishes.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: A white fluid secreted by the mammary glands of female mammals
for the nourishment of their young, consisting of minute globules of
fat suspended in a solution of casein, albumin, milk sugar, and
inorganic salts. "White as morne milk." Chaucer.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of juice or sap, usually white in color, found in
certain plants; latex. See Latex.

3. An emulsion made by bruising seeds; as, the milk of almonds,
produced by pounding almonds with sugar and water.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ripe, undischarged spat of an oyster. Condensed milk. See
under Condense, v. t.
 -- Milk crust (Med.), vesicular eczema occurring on the face and
scalp of nursing infants. See Eczema.
 -- Milk fever. (a) (Med.) A fever which accompanies or precedes the
first lactation. It is usually transitory. (b) (Vet. Surg.) A form
puerperal peritonitis in cattle; also, a variety of meningitis
occurring in cows after calving.
 -- Milk glass, glass having a milky appearance.
 -- Milk knot (Med.), a hard lump forming in the breast of a nursing
woman, due to obstruction to the flow of milk and congestion of the
mammary glands.
 -- Milk leg (Med.), a swollen condition of the leg, usually in
puerperal women, caused by an inflammation of veins, and
characterized by a white appearance occasioned by an accumulation of
serum and sometimes of pus in the cellular tissue.
 -- Milk meats, food made from milk, as butter and cheese. [Obs.]
Bailey.
 -- Milk mirror. Same as Escutcheon, 2.
 -- Milk molar (Anat.), one of the deciduous molar teeth which are
shed and replaced by the premolars.
 -- Milk of lime (Chem.), a watery emulsion of calcium hydrate,
produced by macerating quicklime in water.
 -- Milk parsley (Bot.), an umbelliferous plant (Peucedanum palustre)
of Europe and Asia, having a milky juice.
 -- Milk pea (Bot.), a genus (Galactia) of leguminous and, usually,
twining plants.
 -- Milk sickness (Med.), a peculiar malignant disease, occurring in
some parts of the Western United States, and affecting certain kinds
of farm stock (esp. cows), and persons who make use of the meat or
dairy products of infected cattle. Its chief symptoms in man are
uncontrollable vomiting, obstinate constipation, pain, and muscular
tremors. Its origin in cattle has been variously ascribed to the
presence of certain plants in their food, and to polluted drinking
water.
 -- Milk snake (Zoöl.), a harmless American snake (Ophibolus
triangulus, or O. eximius). It is variously marked with white, gray,
and red. Called also milk adder, chicken snake, house snake, etc.
 -- Milk sugar. (Physiol. Chem.) See Lactose, and Sugar of milk
(below).
 -- Milk thistle (Bot.), an esculent European thistle (Silybum
marianum), having the veins of its leaves of a milky whiteness.
 -- Milk thrush. (Med.) See Thrush.
 -- Milk tooth (Anat.), one of the temporary first set of teeth in
young mammals; in man there are twenty.
 -- Milk tree (Bot.), a tree yielding a milky juice, as the cow tree
of South America (Brosimum Galactodendron), and the Euphorbia
balsamifera of the Canaries, the milk of both of which is wholesome
food.
 -- Milk vessel (Bot.), a special cell in the inner bark of a plant,
or a series of cells, in which the milky juice is contained. See
Latex.
 -- Rock milk. See Agaric mineral, under Agaric.
 -- Sugar of milk. The sugar characteristic of milk; a hard white
crystalline slightly sweet substance obtained by evaporation of the
whey of milk. It is used in pellets and powder as a vehicle for
homeopathic medicines, and as an article of diet. See Lactose.

MILK
Milk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Milked; p. pr. & vb. n. Milking.]

1. To draw or press milk from the breasts or udder of, by the hand or
mouth; to withdraw the milk of. "Milking the kine." Gay.
I have given suck, and know How tender 't is to love the babe that
milks me. Shak.

2. To draw from the breasts or udder; to extract, as milk; as, to
milk wholesome milk from healthy cows.

3. To draw anything from, as if by milking; to compel to yield profit
or advantage; to plunder. Tyndale.
They [the lawyers] milk an unfortunate estate as regularly as a
dairyman does his stock. London Spectator.
To milk the street, to squeeze the smaller operators in stocks and
extract a profit from them, by alternately raising and depressing
prices within a short range; -- said of the large dealers. [Cant] --
To milk a telegram, to use for one's own advantage the contents of a
telegram belonging to another person. [Cant]

MILK
Milk, v. i.

Defn: To draw or to yield milk.

MILKEN
Milk"en, a.

Defn: Consisting of milk. [Obs.]

MILKER
Milk"er, n.

1. One who milks; also, a mechanical apparatus for milking cows.

2. A cow or other animal that gives milk.

MILKFUL
Milk"ful, a.

Defn: Full of milk; abounding with food. [R.] "Milkful vales."
Sylvester.

MILKILY
Milk"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a milky manner.

MILKINESS
Milk"i*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being milky.

MILK-LIVERED
Milk"-liv`ered, a.

Defn: White-livered; cowardly; timorous.

MILKMAID
Milk"maid`, n.

Defn: A woman who milks cows or is employed in the dairy.

MILKMAN
Milk"man, n.; pl. Milkmen (.

Defn: A man who sells milk or delivers is to customers.

MILK SICKNESS
Milk sickness. (Veter.)

Defn: A peculiar malignant disease, occurring in parts of the western
United States, and affecting certain kinds of farm stock (esp. cows),
and persons using the meat or dairy products of infected cattle. Its
chief symptoms in man are uncontrollable vomiting, obstinate
constipation, pain, and muscular tremors. Its origin in cattle has
been variously ascribed to the presence of certain plants in their
food, and to polluted water.

MILKSOP
Milk"sop`, n.

Defn: A piece of bread sopped in milk; figuratively, an effeminate or
weak-minded person. Shak.
To wed a milksop or a coward ape. Chaucer.

MILK VETCH
Milk" vetch`. (Bot.)

Defn: A leguminous herb (Astragalus glycyphyllos) of Europe and Asia,
supposed to increase the secretion of milk in goats.

Note: The name is sometimes taken for the whole genus Astragalus, of
which there are about two hundred species in North America, and even
more elsewhere.

MILKWEED
Milk"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genera Asclepias and Acerates, abounding in a
milky juice, and having its seed attached to a long silky down;
silkweed. The name is also applied to several other plants with a
milky juice, as to several kinds of spurge.

MILKWORT
Milk"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants (Polygala) of many species. The common
European P. vulgaris was supposed to have the power of producing a
flow of milk in nurses.

Note: The species of Campanula, or bellflower, are sometimes called
milkwort, from their juice.

MILKY
Milk"y, a.

1. Consisting of, or containing, milk.
Pails high foaming with a milky flood. Pope.

2. Like, or somewhat like, milk; whitish and turbid; as, the water is
milky. "Milky juice." Arbuthnot.

3. Yielding milk. "Milky mothers." Roscommon.

4. Mild; tame; spiritless.
Has friendship such a faint and milky heart Shak.
Milky Way. (Astron.) See Galaxy, 1.

MILL
Mill, n. Etym: [L. mille a thousand. Cf. Mile.]

Defn: A money of account of the United States, having the value of
the tenth of a cent, or the thousandth of a dollar.

MILL
Mill, n. Etym: [OE. mille, melle, mulle, milne, AS. myln, mylen; akin
to D. molen, G. mühle, OHG. muli, mulin, Icel. mylna; all prob. from
L. molina, fr. mola millstone; prop., that which grinds, akin to
molere to grind, Goth. malan, G. mahlen, and to E. meal. Meal flour,
and cf. Moline.]

1. A machine for grinding or commuting any substance, as grain, by
rubbing and crushing it between two hard, rough, or intented
surfaces; as, a gristmill, a coffee mill; a bone mill.

2. A machine used for expelling the juice, sap, etc., from vegetable
tissues by pressure, or by pressure in combination with a grinding,
or cutting process; as, a cider mill; a cane mill.

3. A machine for grinding and polishing; as, a lapidary mill.

4. A common name for various machines which produce a manufactured
product, or change the form of a raw material by the continuous
repetition of some simple action; as, a sawmill; a stamping mill,
etc.

5. A building or collection of buildings with machinery by which the
processes of manufacturing are carried on; as, a cotton mill; a
powder mill; a rolling mill.

6. (Die Sinking)

Defn: A hardened steel roller having a design in relief, used for
imprinting a reversed copy of the design in a softer metal, as
copper.

7. (Mining)
(a) An excavation in rock, transverse to the workings, from which
material for filling is obtained.
(b) A passage underground through which ore is shot.

8. A milling cutter. See Illust. under Milling.

9. A pugilistic. [Cant] R. D. Blackmore. Edge mill, Flint mill, etc.
See under Edge, Flint, etc.
 -- Mill bar (Iron Works), a rough bar rolled or drawn directly from
a bloom or puddle bar for conversion into merchant iron in the mill.
 -- Mill cinder, slag from a puddling furnace.
 -- Mill head, the head of water employed to turn the wheel of a
mill.
 -- Mill pick, a pick for dressing millstones.
 -- Mill pond, a pond that supplies the water for a mill.
 -- Mill race, the canal in which water is conveyed to a mill wheel,
or the current of water which drives the wheel.
 -- Mill tail, the water which flows from a mill wheel after turning
it, or the channel in which the water flows.
 -- Mill tooth, a grinder or molar tooth.
 -- Mill wheel, the water wheel that drives the machinery of a mill.
 -- Roller mill, a mill in which flour or meal is made by crushing
grain between rollers.
 -- Stamp mill (Mining), a mill in which ore is crushed by stamps.
 -- To go through the mill, to experience the suffering or discipline
necessary to bring one to a certain degree of knowledge or skill, or
to a certain mental state.

MILL
Mill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Milled; p. pr. & vb. n. Milling.] Etym:
[See Mill, n., and cf. Muller.]

1. To reduce to fine particles, or to small pieces, in a mill; to
grind; to comminute.

2. To shape, finish, or transform by passing through a machine;
specifically, to shape or dress, as metal, by means of a rotary
cutter.

3. To make a raised border around the edges of, or to cut fine
grooves or indentations across the edges of, as of a coin, or a screw
head; also, to stamp in a coining press; to coin.

4. To pass through a fulling mill; to full, as cloth.

5. To beat with the fists. [Cant] Thackeray.

6. To roll into bars, as steel. To mill chocolate, to make it frothy,
as by churning.

MILL
Mill, v. i. (Zoöl.)

Defn: To swim under water; -- said of air-breathing creatures.

MILLBOARD
Mill"board`, n.

Defn: A kind of stout pasteboard.

MILL-CAKE
Mill"-cake`, n.

Defn: The incorporated materials for gunpowder, in the form of a
dense mass or cake, ready to be subjected to the process of
granulation.

MILLDAM
Mill"dam`, n.

Defn: A dam or mound to obstruct a water course, and raise the water
to a height sufficient to turn a mill wheel.

MILLED
Milled, a.

Defn: Having been subjected to some process of milling. Milled cloth,
cloth that has been beaten in a fulling mill.
 -- Milled lead, lead rolled into sheets.

MILLEFIORE GLASS
Mil`le*fi*o"re glass`. Etym: [It. mille thousand + flore flower.]

Defn: Slender rods or tubes of colored glass fused together and
embedded in clear glass; -- used for paperweights and other small
articles.

MILLENARIAN
Mil`le*na"ri*an, a. Etym: [See Millenary.]

Defn: Consisting of a thousand years; of or pertaining to the
millennium, or to the Millenarians.

MILLENARIAN
Mil`le*na"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who believes that Christ will personally reign on earth a
thousand years; a Chiliast.

MILLENARIANISM; MILLENARISM
Mil`le*na"ri*an*ism, Mil"le*na*rism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of Millenarians.

MILLENARY
Mil"le*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. millenarius, fr. milleni a thousand each,
fr. mille a thousand: cf. F. millénaire. See Mile.]

Defn: Consisting of a thousand; millennial.

MILLENARY
Mil"le*na*ry, n.

Defn: The space of a thousand years; a millennium; also, a
Millenarian."During that millenary." Hare.

MILLENNIAL
Mil*len"ni*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the millennium, or to a thousand years; as,
a millennial period; millennial happiness.

MILLENNIALISM; MILLENNIARISM
Mil*len"ni*al*ism, Mil*len"ni*a*rism, n.

Defn: Belief in, or expectation of, the millennium; millenarianism.

MILLENNIALIST
Mil*len"ni*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes that Christ will reign personally on earth a
thousand years; a Chiliast; also, a believer in the universal
prevalence of Christianity for a long period.

MILLENNIST
Mil"len*nist, n.

Defn: One who believes in the millennium. [Obs.] Johnson.

MILLENNIUM
Mil*len"ni*um, n. Etym: [LL., fr. L. mille a thousand + annus a year.
See Mile, and Annual.]

Defn: A thousand years; especially, thousand years mentioned in the
twentieth chapter in the twentieth chapter of Revelation, during
which holiness is to be triumphant throughout the world. Some believe
that, during this period, Christ will reign on earth in person with
his saints.

MILLEPED
Mil"le*ped, n. Etym: [L. millepeda; mille a thousand + pes, pedis,
foot: cf. F. mille-pieds.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A myriapod with many legs, esp. a chilognath, as the
galleyworm. [Written also millipede and milliped.]

MILLEPORA
Mil*le*po"ra, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Hydrocorallia, which includes the millipores.

MILLEPORE
Mil"le*pore, n. Etym: [L. mille thousand + porus pore: cf. F.
millépore.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any coral of the genus Millepora, having the surface nearly
smooth, and perforated with very minute unequal pores, or cells. The
animals are hydroids, not Anthozoa. See Hydrocorallia.

MILLEPORITE
Mil"le*po*rite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil millepore.

MILLER
Mill"er, n.

1. One who keeps or attends a flour mill or gristmill.

2. A milling machine.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) A moth or lepidopterous insect; -- so called because the wings
appear as if covered with white dust or powder, like a miller's
clothes. Called also moth miller.
(b) The eagle ray.
(c) The hen harrier. [Prov. Eng.] Miller's thumb. (Zoöl.) (a) A small
fresh-water fish of the genus Uranidea (formerly Cottus), as the
European species (U. gobio), and the American (U. gracilis); --
called also bullhead. (b) A small bird, as the gold-crest, chiff-
chaff, and long-tailed tit. [Prov. Eng.]

MILLERITE
Mil"ler*ite, n.

Defn: A believer in the doctrine of William Miller (d. 1849), who
taught that the end of the world and the second coming of Christ were
at hand.

MILLERITE
Mil"ler*ite, n. Etym: [From W. H. Miller, of Cambridge, Eng.] (Min.)

Defn: A sulphide of nickel, commonly occurring in delicate capillary
crystals, also in incrustations of a bronze yellow; -- sometimes
called hair pyrites.

MILLESIMAL
Mil*les"i*mal, a. Etym: [L. millesimus, fr. mille a thousand.]

Defn: Thousandth; consisting of thousandth parts; as, millesimal
fractions.

MILLET
Mil"let, n. Etym: [F., dim. of mil, L. milium; akin to Gr. mil.]
(Bot.)

Defn: The name of several cereal and forage grasses which bear an
abundance of small roundish grains. The common millets of Germany and
Southern Europe are Panicum miliaceum, and Setaria Italica.

Note: Arabian millet is Sorghum Halepense.
 -- Egyptian or East Indian, millet is Penicillaria spicata.
 -- Indian millet is Sorghum vulgare. (See under Indian.) -- Italian
millet is Setaria Italica, a coarse, rank-growing annual grass,
valuable for fodder when cut young, and bearing nutritive seeds; --
called also Hungarian grass.
 -- Texas millet is Panicum Texanum.
 -- Wild millet, or Millet grass, is Milium effusum, a tail grass
growing in woods.

MILLI-
Mil"li-. Etym: [From L. mille a thousand.] (Metric System, Elec.,
Mech., etc.)

Defn: A prefix denoting a thousandth part of; as, millimeter,
milligram, milliampère.

MILLIAMPERE
Mil`li*am`père", n. Etym: [Milli- + ampère.] (Elec.)

Defn: The thousandth part of one ampère.

MILLIARD
Mil`liard", n. Etym: [F., from mille, mil, thousand, L. mille.]

Defn: A thousand millions; -- called also billion. See Billion.

MILLIARY
Mil"li*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. milliarius containing a thousand, fr. mille
thousand: cf. F. milliaire milliary. See Mile.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a mile, or to distance by miles; denoting a
mile or miles.
A milliary column, from which they used to compute the distance of
all the cities and places of note. Evelyn.

MILLIARY
Mil"li*a*ry, n.; pl. Milliaries. Etym: [L. milliarium. See Milliary,
a.]

Defn: A milestone.

MILLIER
Mil`lier", n. Etym: [F., fr. mille thousand.]

Defn: A weight of the metric system, being one million grams; a
metric ton.

MILLIFOLD
Mil"li*fold`, a. Etym: [L. mille thousand + E. fold times.]

Defn: Thousandfold. [R.] Davies (Holy Roode).

MILLIGRAM; MILLIGRAMME
Mil"li*gram, Mil"li*gramme, n. Etym: [F. milligramme; milli- milli- +
gramme. See 3d Gram.]

Defn: A measure of weight, in the metric system, being the thousandth
part of a gram, equal to the weight of a cubic millimeter of water,
or .01543 of a grain avoirdupois.

MILLILITER; MILLILITRE
Mil"li*li`ter, Mil"li*li`tre, n. Etym: [F. millilitre; milli- milli-
+ litre. See Liter.]

Defn: A measure of capacity in the metric system, containing the
thousandth part of a liter. It is a cubic centimeter, and is equal to
.061 of an English cubic inch, or to .0338 of an American fluid
ounce.

MILLIMETER; MILLIMETRE
Mil"li*me`ter, Mil"li*me`tre, n. Etym: [F. millimètre; milli- milli-
+ mètre. See 3d Meter.]

Defn: A lineal measure in the metric system, containing the
thousandth part of a meter; equal to .03937 of an inch. See 3d Meter.

MILLIMICRON
Mil"li*mi`cron, n.  [Milli- + micron.]

Defn: The thousandish part of a micron or the millionth part of a
millimeter; -- a unit of length used in measuring light waves, etc.

MILLINER
Mil"li*ner, n. Etym: [From Milaner an inhabitant of Milan, in Italy;
hence, a man from Milan who imported women's finery.]

1. Formerly, a man who imported and dealt in small articles of a
miscellaneous kind, especially such as please the fancy of women.
[Obs.]
No milliner can so fit his customers with gloves. Shak.

2. A person, usually a woman, who makes, trims, or deals in hats,
bonnets, headdresses, etc., for women. Man milliner, a man who makes
or deals in millinery; hence, contemptuously, a man who is busied
with trifling occupations or embellishments.

MILLINERY
Mil"li*ner*y, n.

1. The articles made or sold by milliners, as headdresses, hats or
bonnets, laces, ribbons, and the like.

2. The business of work of a milliner.

MILLINET
Mil`li*net", n.

Defn: A stiff cotton fabric used by milliners for lining bonnets.

MILLING
Mill"ing, n.

Defn: The act or employment of grinding or passing through a mill;
the process of fulling; the process of making a raised or intented
edge upon coin, etc.; the process of dressing surfaces of various
shapes with rotary cutters. See Mill. High milling, milling in which
grain is reduced to flour by a succession of crackings, or of slight
and partial crushings, alternately with sifting and sorting the
product.
 -- Low milling, milling in which the reduction is effected in a
single crushing or grinding.
 -- Milling cutter, a fluted, sharp-edged rotary cutter for dressing
surfaces, as of metal, of various shapes.
 -- Milling machine, a machine tool for dressing surfaces by rotary
cutters.
 -- Milling tool, a roller with indented edge or surface, for
producing like indentations in metal by rolling pressure, as in
turning; a knurling tool; a milling cutter.

MILLION
Mil"lion, n. Etym: [F., from LL. millio, fr. L. mille a thousand. See
Mile.]

1. The number of ten hundred thousand, or a thousand thousand, --
written 1,000, 000. See the Note under Hundred

2. A very great number; an indefinitely large number.
Millions of truths that a man is not concerned to know. Locke.

3. The mass of common people; -- with the article the.
For the play, I remember, pleased not the million. Shak.

MILLIONAIRE
Mil`lion*aire", n. Etym: [F. millionnaire.]

Defn: One whose wealth is counted by millions of francs, dollars, or
pounds; a very rich person; a person worth a million or more.
[Written also millionnaire.]

MILLIONAIRESS
Mil`lion*air"ess, n.

Defn: A woman who is a millionaire, or the wife of a millionaire.
[Humorous] Holmes.

MILLIONARY
Mil"lion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to millions; consisting of millions; as, the
millionary chronology of the pundits. Pinker

MILLIONED
Mil"lioned, a.

Defn: Multiplied by millions; innumerable. [Obs.] Shak.

MILLIONNAIRE
Mil`lion`naire", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Millionaire.

MILLIONTH
Mil"lionth, a.

Defn: Being the last one of a million of units or objects counted in
regular order from the first of a series or succession; being one of
a million.

MILLIONTH
Mil"lionth, n.

Defn: The quotient of a unit divided by one million; one of a million
equal parts.

MILLIPED
Mil"li*ped, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The same Milleped.

MILLISTERE
Mil"li*stere, n. Etym: [F. millistère, from milli- milli- + stère.]

Defn: A liter, or cubic decimeter.

MILLIWEBER
Mil`li*we"ber, n. Etym: [Milli- + weber.] (Physics)

Defn: The thousandth part of one weber.

MILLREA; MILLREE; MILLREIS
Mill"rea`, Mill"ree`, Mill"reis`, n.

Defn: See Milreis.

MILLRIND; MILLRYND
Mill"rind`, Mill"rynd`, n. Etym: [Mill + rynd.] (Her.)

Defn: A figure supposed to represent the iron which holds a millstone
by being set into its center.

MILL-SIXPENCE
Mill"-sixpence, n.

Defn: A milled sixpence; -- the sixpence being one of the first
English coins milled (1561).

MILLSTONE
Mill"stone`, n.

Defn: One of two circular stones used for grinding grain or other
substance.
No man shall take the nether or the upper millstone to pledge. Deut.
xxiv. 6.

Note: The cellular siliceous rock called buhrstone is usually
employed for millstones; also, some kinds of lava, as that
Niedermendig, or other firm rock with rough texture. The surface of a
millstone has usually a series of radial grooves in which the
powdered material collects. Millstone girt (Geol.), a hard and
coarse, gritty sandstone, dividing the Carboniferous from the
Subcarboniferous strata. See Farewell rock, under Farewell, a., and
Chart of Geology.
 -- To see into, or through, a millstone, to see into or through a
difficult matter. (Colloq.)

MILLWORK
Mill"work`, n.

1. The shafting, gearing, and other driving machinery of mils.

2. The business of setting up or of operating mill machinery.

MILLWRIGHT
Mill"wright`, n.

Defn: A mechanic whose occupation is to build mills, or to set up
their machinery.

MILORD
Mi*lord", n. [F. (also It., Sp., Russ.), fr. E. my lord.]

Defn: Lit., my lord; hence (as used on the Continent), an English
nobleman or gentleman.

MILREIS
Mil"reis`, n. Etym: [Pg. mil reis, i. e., one thousand reis; mil a
thousand + reis, pl. of real a rei.]

Defn: A Portuguese money of account rated in the treasury department
of the United States at one dollar and eight cents; also, a Brazilian
money of account rated at fifty-four cents and six mills.

MILT
Milt, n. Etym: [AS. milte; akin to D. milt, G. milz, OHG. milzi,
Icel. milti, Dan. milt, Sw. mjälte, and prob. to E. malt, melt. sq.
root108. See Malt the grain.] (Anat.)

Defn: The spleen.

MILT
Milt, n. Etym: [Akin to Dan. melk, Sw. mjölke, G. milch, and E. milk.
See Milk.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The spermatic fluid of fishes.
(b) The testes, or spermaries, of fishes when filled with
spermatozoa.

MILT
Milt, v. t.

Defn: To impregnate (the roe of a fish) with milt.

MILTER
Milt"er, n. Etym: [Cf. D. milter, G. milcher, milchner. See 2d Milt.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A male fish.

MILTONIAN
Mil*to"ni*an, a.

Defn: Miltonic. Lowell.

MILTONIC
Mil*ton"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, Milton, or his writings; as,
Miltonic prose.

MILTWASTE
Milt"waste`, Etym: [1st milt + waste.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small European fern (Asplenium Ceterach) formerly used in
medicine.

MILVINE
Mil"vine, a. Etym: [L. milvus kite.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or resembling birds of the kite kind.

MILVINE
Mil"vine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird related to the kite.

MILVUS
Mil"vus, n. Etym: [L., a kite.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of raptorial birds, including the European kite.

MIME
Mime, n. Etym: [L. mimus, Gr. mime. Cf. Mimosa.]

1. A kind of drama in which real persons and events were generally
represented in a ridiculous manner.

2. An actor in such representations.

MIME
Mime, v. i.

Defn: To mimic. [Obs.] -- Mim"er, n.

MIMEOGRAPH
Mim"e*o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: An autographic stencil copying device invented by Edison.

MIMESIS
Mi*me"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet. & Biol.)

Defn: Imitation; mimicry.

MIMETENE
Mim"e*tene, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Mimetite.

MIMETIC; MIMETICAL
Mi*met"ic, Mi*met"ic*al,Etym: [Gr.

1. Apt to imitate; given to mimicry; imitative.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Characterized by mimicry; -- applied to animals and plants; as,
mimetic species; mimetic organisms. See Mimicry.

MIMETISM
Mim"e*tism, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Mimicry.

MIMETITE
Mim"e*tite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in pale yellow or brownish hexagonal
crystals. It is an arseniate of lead.

MIMIC; MIMICAL
Mim"ic, Mim"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. mimicus, Gr. mimique. See Mime.]

1. Imitative; mimetic.
Oft, in her absence, mimic fancy wakes To imitate her. Milton.
Man is, of all creatures, the most mimical. W. Wotton.

2. Consisting of, or formed by, imitation; imitated; as, mimic
gestures. "Mimic hootings." Wordsworth.

3. (Min.)

Defn: Imitative; characterized by resemblance to other forms; --
applied to crystals which by twinning resemble simple forms of a
higher grade of symmetry.

Note: Mimic often implies something droll or ludicrous, and is less
dignified than imitative. Mimic beetle (Zoöl.), a beetle that feigns
death when disturbed, esp. the species of Hister and allied genera.

MIMIC
Mim"ic, n.

Defn: One who imitates or mimics, especially one who does so for
sport; a copyist; a buffoon. Burke.

MIMIC
Mim"ic, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mimicked; p. pr. & vb. n. Mimicking.]

1. To imitate or ape for sport; to ridicule by imitation.
The walk, the words, the gesture, could supply, The habit mimic, and
the mien belie. Dryden.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: To assume a resemblance to (some other organism of a totally
different nature, or some surrounding object), as a means of
protection or advantage.

Syn.
 -- To ape; imitate; counterfeit; mock.

MIMICALLY
Mim"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an imitative manner.

MIMICKER
Mim"ick*er, n.

1. One who mimics; a mimic.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal which imitates something else, in form or habits.

MIMICRY
Mim"ic*ry, n.

1. The act or practice of one who mimics; ludicrous imitation for
sport or ridicule.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Protective resemblance; the resemblance which certain animals
and plants exhibit to other animals and plants or to the natural
objects among which they live, -- a characteristic which serves as
their chief means of protection against enemies; imitation; mimesis;
mimetism.

MIMOGRAPHER
Mi*mog"ra*pher, n. Etym: [L. mimographus, Gr. mimographe.]

Defn: A writer of mimes. Sir T. Herbert.

MIMOSA
Mi*mo"sa, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Mime.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous plants, containing many species, and
including the sensitive plants (Mimosa sensitiva, and M. pudica).

Note: The term mimosa is also applied in commerce to several kinds
bark imported from Australia, and used in tanning; -- called also
wattle bark. Tomlinson.

MIMOTANNIC
Mi`mo*tan"nic, a. Etym: [Mimosa + tannic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a variety of tannin or tannic
acid found in Acacia, Mimosa, etc.

MINA
Mi"na, n.; pl. L. Minæ, E. Minas. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: An ancient weight or denomination of money, of varying value.
The Attic mina was valued at a hundred drachmas.

MINA
Mi"na, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Myna.

MINABLE
Min"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be mined; as, minable earth. Sir T. North.

MINACIOUS
Mi*na"cious, a. Etym: [L. minax, -acis. See Menace.]

Defn: Threatening; menacing. [R.]

MINACITY
Mi*nac"i*ty, n.

Defn: Disposition to threaten. [R.]

MINARET
Min"a*ret, n. Etym: [Sp. minarete, Ar. manarat lamp, lantern,
lighthouse, turret, fr. nar to shine.] (Arch.)

Defn: A slender, lofty tower attached to a mosque and surrounded by
one or more projecting balconies, from which the summon to prayer is
cried by the muezzin.

MINARGENT
Min*ar"gent, n. Etym: [Prob. contr. from aluminium + L. argentum
silver.]

Defn: An alloy consisting of copper, nickel, tungsten, and aluminium;
-- used by jewelers.

MINATORIALLY; MINATORILY
Min`a*to"ri*al*ly, Min"a*to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a minatory manner; with threats.

MINATORY
Min"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. minatorius, fr. minari to threaten. See
Menace.]

Defn: Threatening; menacing. Bacon.

MINAUL
Mi*naul", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Manul.

MINCE
Mince, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Minced; p. pr. & vb. n. Minging.] Etym:
[AS. minsian to grow less, dwindle, fr. min small; akin to G. minder
less, Goth. minniza less, mins less, adv., L. minor, adj. (cf.
Minor); or more likely fr. F. mincer to mince, prob. from (assumed)
LL. minutiare. Minish.]

1. To cut into very small pieces; to chop fine; to hash; as, to mince
meat. Bacon.

2. To suppress or weaken the force of; to extenuate; to palliate; to
tell by degrees, instead of directly and frankly; to clip, as words
or expressions; to utter half and keep back half of.
I know no ways to mince it in love, but directly to say -- "I love
you." Shak.
Siren, now mince the sin, And mollify damnation with a phrase.
Dryden.
If, to mince his meaning, I had either omitted some part of what he
said, or taken from the strength of his expression, I certainly had
wronged him. Dryden.

3. To affect; to make a parade of. [R.] Shak.

MINCE
Mince, v. i.

1. To walk with short steps; to walk in a prim, affected manner.
The daughters of Zion are haughty, and walk with stretched forth
necks and wanton eyes,... mincing as they go. Is. iii. 16.
I 'll... turn two mincing steps Into a manly stride. Shak.

2. To act or talk with affected nicety; to affect delicacy in manner.

MINCE
Mince, n.

Defn: A short, precise step; an affected manner.

MINCE-MEAT
Mince"-meat`, n.

Defn: Minced meat; meat chopped very fine; a mixture of boiled meat,
suet, apples, etc., chopped very fine, to which spices and raisins
are added; -- used in making mince pie.

MINCE PIE
Mince" pie`.

Defn: A pie made of mince-meat.

MINCER
Min"cer, n.

Defn: One who minces.

MINCING
Min"cing, a.

Defn: That minces; characterized by primness or affected nicety.

MINCINGLY
Min"cing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a mincing manner; not fully; with affected nicety.

MIND
Mind, n. Etym: [AS. mynd, gemynd; akin to OHG. minna memory, love, G.
minne love, Dan. minde mind, memory, remembrance, consent, vote, Sw.
minne memory, Icel. minni, Goth. gamunds, L. mens, mentis, mind, Gr.
manas mind, man to think. Comment, Man, Mean, v., 3d Mental,
Mignonette, Minion, Mnemonic, Money.]

1. The intellectual or rational faculty in man; the understanding;
the intellect; the power that conceives, judges, or reasons; also,
the entire spiritual nature; the soul; -- often in distinction from
the body.
By the mind of man we understand that in him which thinks, remembers,
reasons, wills. Reid.
What we mean by mind is simply that which perceives, thinks, feels,
wills, and desires. Sir W. Hamilton.
Let every man be fully persuaded in his own mind. Rom. xiv. 5.
The mind shall banquet, though the body pine. Shak.

2. The state, at any given time, of the faculties of thinking,
willing, choosing, and the like; psychical activity or state; as: (a)
Opinion; judgment; belief.
A fool uttereth all his mind. Prov. xxix. 11.
Being so hard to me that brought your mind, I fear she'll prove as
hard to you in telling her mind. Shak.

(b) Choice; inclination; liking; intent; will.
If it be your minds, then let none go forth. 2 Kings ix. 15.

(c) Courage; spirit. Chapman.

3. Memory; remembrance; recollection; as, to have or keep in mind, to
call to mind, to put in mind, etc. To have a mind or great mind, to
be inclined or strongly inclined in purpose; -- used with an
infinitive. "Sir Roger de Coverly... told me that he had a great mind
to see the new tragedy with me." Addison.
 -- To lose one's mind, to become insane, or imbecile.
 -- To make up one's mind, to come to an opinion or decision; to
determine.
 -- To put in mind, to remind. "Regard us simply as putting you in
mind of what you already know to be good policy." Jowett (Thucyd. ).

MIND
Mind, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Minded; p. pr. & vb. n. Minding.] Etym:
[AS. myndian, gemyndian to remember. See Mind, n.]

1. To fix the mind or thoughts on; to regard with attention; to treat
as of consequence; to consider; to heed; to mark; to note. "Mind not
high things, but condescend to men of low estate." Rom. xii. 16.
My lord, you nod: you do not mind the play. Shak.

2. To occupy one's self with; to employ one's self about; to attend
to; as, to mind one's business.
Bidding him be a good child, and mind his book. Addison.

3. To obey; as, to mind parents; the dog minds his master.

4. To have in mind; to purpose. Beaconsfield.
I mind to tell him plainly what I think. Shak.

5. To put in mind; to remind. [Archaic] M. Arnold.
He minded them of the mutability of all earthly things. Fuller.
I do thee wrong to mind thee of it. Shak.
Never mind, do not regard it; it is of no consequence; no matter.

Syn.
 -- To notice; mark; regard; obey. See Attend.

MIND
Mind, v. i.

Defn: To give attention or heed; to obey; as, the dog minds well.

MINDED
Mind"ed, a.

Defn: Disposed; inclined; having a mind.
Joseph... was minded to put her away privily. Matt. i. 19.
If men were minded to live virtuously. Tillotson.

Note: Minded is much used in composition; as, high-minded, feeble-
minded, sober-minded, double-minded.

MINDER
Mind"er, n.

1. One who minds, tends, or watches something, as a child, a machine,
or cattle; as, a minder of a loom.

2. One to be attended; specif., a pauper child intrusted to the care
of a private person. [Eng.] Dickens.

MINDFUL
Mind"ful, a.

Defn: Bearing in mind; regardful; attentive; heedful; observant.
What is man, that thou art mindful of him Ps. viii. 4.
I promise you to be mindful of your admonitions. Hammond.
-- Mind"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Mind"ful*ness, n.

MINDING
Mind"ing, n.

Defn: Regard; mindfulness.

MINDLESS
Mind"less, a.

1. Not indued with mind or intellectual powers; stupid; unthinking.

2. Unmindful; inattentive; heedless; careless.
Cursed Athens, mindless of thy worth. Shak.

MINE
Mine, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Mien. [Obs.]

MINE
Mine, pron. & a. Etym: [OE. min, fr. AS. min; akin to D. mijn, OS.,
OFries., & OHG. min, G. mein, Sw. & Dan. min, Icel. minn, Goth. meins
my, mine, meina of me, and E. me. Me, and cf. My.]

Defn: Belonging to me; my. Used as a pronominal to me; my. Used as a
pronominal adjective in the predicate; as, "Vengeance is mine; I will
repay." Rom. xii. 19. Also, in the old style, used attributively,
instead of my, before a noun beginning with a vowel.
I kept myself from mine iniquity. Ps. xviii. 23.

Note: Mine is often used absolutely, the thing possessed being
understood; as, his son is in the army, mine in the navy.
When a man deceives me once, says the Italian proverb, it is his
fault; when twice, it is mine. Bp. Horne.
This title honors me and mine. Shak.
She shall have me and mine. Shak.

MINE
Mine, v. i. Etym: [F. miner, L. minare to drive animals, in LL. also,
to lead, conduct, dig a mine (cf. E. lode, and lead to conduct), akin
to L. minari to threaten; cf. Sp. mina mine, conduit, subterraneous
canal, a spring or source of water, It. mina. See Menace, and cf.
Mien.]

1. To dig a mine or pit in the earth; to get ore, metals, coal, or
precious stones, out of the earth; to dig in the earth for minerals;
to dig a passage or cavity under anything in order to overthrow it by
explosives or otherwise.

2. To form subterraneous tunnel or hole; to form a burrow or lodge in
the earth; as, the mining cony.

MINE
Mine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mined; p. pr. & vb. n. Mining.]

1. To dig away, or otherwise remove, the substratum or foundation of;
to lay a mine under; to sap; to undermine; hence, to ruin or destroy
by slow degrees or secret means.
They mined the walls. Hayward.
Too lazy to cut down these immense trees, the spoilers... had mined
them, and placed a quantity of gunpowder in the cavity. Sir W. Scott.

2. To dig into, for ore or metal.
Lead veins have been traced... but they have not been mined. Ure.

3. To get, as metals, out of the earth by digging.
The principal ore mined there is the bituminous cinnabar. Ure.

MINE
Mine, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. mina. See Mine, v. i.]

1. A subterranean cavity or passage; especially:
(a) A pit or excavation in the earth, from which metallic ores,
precious stones, coal, or other mineral substances are taken by
digging; -- distinguished from the pits from which stones for
architectural purposes are taken, and which are called quarries.
(b) (Mil.) A cavity or tunnel made under a fortification or other
work, for the purpose of blowing up the superstructure with some
explosive agent.

2. Any place where ore, metals, or precious stones are got by digging
or washing the soil; as, a placer mine.gold mine

3. Fig.: A rich source of wealth or other good. Shak. Mine dial, a
form of magnetic compass used by miners.
 -- Mine pig, pig iron made wholly from ore; in distinction from
cinder pig, which is made from ore mixed with forge or mill cinder.
Raymond.

MINER
Min"er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mineur.]

1. One who mines; a digger for metals, etc.; one engaged in the
business of getting ore, coal, or precious stones, out of the earth;
one who digs military mines; as, armies have sappers and miners.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any of numerous insects which, in the larval state, excavate
galleries in the parenchyma of leaves. They are mostly minute moths
and dipterous flies.
(b) The chattering, or garrulous, honey eater of Australia (Myzantha
garrula). Miner's elbow (Med.), a swelling on the black of the elbow
due to inflammation of the bursa over the olecranon; -- so called
because of frequent occurrence in miners.
 -- Miner's inch, in hydraulic mining, the amount of water flowing
under a given pressure in a given time through a hole one inch in
diameter. It is a unit for measuring the quantity of water supplied.

MINERAL
Min"er*al, n. Etym: [F. minéral, LL. minerale, fr. minera mine. See
Mine, v. i.]

1. An inorganic species or substance occurring in nature, having a
definite chemical composition and usually a distinct crystalline
form. Rocks, except certain glassy igneous forms, are either simple
minerals or aggregates of minerals.

2. A mine. [Obs.] Shak.

3. Anything which is neither animal nor vegetable, as in the most
general classification of things into three kingdoms (animal,
vegetable, and mineral).

MINERAL
Min"er*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to minerals; consisting of a mineral or of
minerals; as, a mineral substance.

2. Impregnated with minerals; as, mineral waters. Mineral acids
(Chem.), inorganic acids, as sulphuric, nitric, phosphoric,
hydrochloric, acids, etc., as distinguished from the organic acids.
 -- Mineral blue, the name usually given to azurite, when reduced to
an impalpable powder for coloring purposes.
 -- Mineral candle, a candle made of paraffine.
 -- Mineral caoutchouc, an elastic mineral pitch, a variety of
bitumen, resembling caoutchouc in elasticity and softness. See
Caoutchouc, and Elaterite.
 -- Mineral chameleon (Chem.) See Chameleon mineral, under Chameleon.
 -- Mineral charcoal. See under Charcoal.
 -- Mineral cotton. See Mineral wool (below).
 -- Mineral green, a green carbonate of copper; malachite.
 -- Mineral kingdom (Nat. Sci.), that one of the three grand
divisions of nature which embraces all inorganic objects, as
distinguished from plants or animals.
 -- Mineral oil. See Naphtha, and Petroleum.
 -- Mineral paint, a pigment made chiefly of some natural mineral
substance, as red or yellow iron ocher.
 -- Mineral patch. See Bitumen, and Asphalt.
 -- Mineral right, the right of taking minerals from land.
 -- Mineral salt (Chem.), a salt of a mineral acid.
 -- Mineral tallow, a familiar name for hatchettite, from its fatty
or spermaceti-like appearance.
 -- Mineral water. See under Water.
 -- Mineral wax. See Ozocerite.
 -- Mineral wool, a fibrous wool-like material, made by blowing a
powerful jet of air or steam through melted slag. It is a poor
conductor of heat.

MINERALIST
Min"er*al*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. minéraliste.]

Defn: One versed in minerals; mineralogist. [R.]

MINERALIZATION
Min`er*al*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. minéralisation.]

1. The process of mineralizing, or forming a mineral by combination
of a metal with another element; also, the process of converting into
a mineral, as a bone or a plant.

2. The act of impregnating with a mineral, as water.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The conversion of a cell wall into a material of a stony
nature.

MINERALIZE
Min"er*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mineralized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Mineralizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. minéraliser.]

1. To transform into a mineral.
In these caverns the bones are not mineralized. Buckland.

2. To impregnate with a mineral; as, mineralized water.

MINERALIZE
Min"er*al*ize, v. i.

Defn: To go on an excursion for observing and collecting minerals; to
mineralogize.

MINERALIZER
Min"er*al*i`zer, n.

Defn: An element which is combined with a metal, thus forming an ore.
Thus, in galena, or lead ore, sulphur is a mineralizer; in hematite,
oxygen is a mineralizer.

MINERALOGICAL
Min`er*al*og"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. minéralogique. See Mineralogy.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to mineralogy; as, a mineralogical table.

MINERALOGICALLY
Min`er*al*og"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to the principles of, or with reference to,
mineralogy.

MINERALOGIST
Min`er*al"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. minéralogiste.]

1. One versed in mineralogy; one devoted to the study of minerals.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carrier shell (Phorus).

MINERALOGIZE
Min`er*al"o*gize, v. i.

Defn: To study mineralogy by collecting and examining minerals. Miss
Edgeworth.

MINERALOGY
Min`er*al"o*gy, n.; pl. Mineralogies. Etym: [Mineral + -logy: cf. F.
minéralogie.]

1. The science which treats of minerals, and teaches how to describe,
distinguish, and classify them.

2. A treatise or book on this science.

MINERVA
Mi*ner"va, n. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Myth.)

Defn: The goddess of wisdom, of war, of the arts and sciences, of
poetry, and of spinning and weaving; -- identified with the Grecian
Pallas Athene.

MINETTE
Mi*nette", n.

Defn: The smallest of regular sizes of portrait photographs.

MINEVER
Min"e*ver, n.

Defn: Same as Miniver.

MINGE
Minge, v. t. Etym: [AS. myngian; akin to E. mind.]

Defn: To mingle; to mix. [Obs.]

MINGE
Minge, n. Etym: [Prob. corrupt. fr. midge.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small biting fly; a midge. [Local, U. S.]

MINGLE
Min"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mingled; p. pr. & vb. n. Mingling.]
Etym: [From OE. mengen, AS. mengan; akin to D. & G. mengen, Icel.
menga, also to E. among, and possibly to mix. Cf. Among, Mongrel.]

1. To mix; intermix; to combine or join, as an individual or part,
with other parts, but commonly so as to be distinguishable in the
product; to confuse; to confound.
There was... fire mingled with the hail. Ex. ix. 24.

2. To associate or unite in society or by ties of relationship; to
cause or allow to intermarry; to intermarry.
The holy seed have mingled themselves with the people of those lands.
Ezra ix. 2.

3. To deprive of purity by mixture; to contaminate.
A mingled, imperfect virtue. Rogers.

4. To put together; to join. [Obs.] Shak.

5. To make or prepare by mixing the ingredients of.
[He] proceeded to mingle another draught. Hawthorne.

MINGLE
Min"gle, v. i.

Defn: To become mixed or blended.

MINGLE
Min"gle, n.

Defn: A mixture. [Obs.] Dryden.

MINGLEABLE
Min"gle*a*ble, a.

Defn: That can be mingled. Boyle.

MINGLEDLY
Min"gled*ly, adv.

Defn: Confusedly.

MINGLE-MANGLE
Min"gle-man`gle, v. t. Etym: [Reduplicated fr. mingle.]

Defn: To mix in a disorderly way; to make a mess of. [Obs.] Udall.

MINGLE-MANGLE
Min"gle-man`gle, n.

Defn: A hotchpotch. [Obs.] Latimer.

MINGLEMENT
Min"gle*ment, n.

Defn: The act of mingling, or the state of being mixed.

MINGLER
Min"gler, n.

Defn: One who mingles.

MINGLINGLY
Min"gling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a mingling manner.

MINIACEOUS; MINACEOUS
Min`i*a"ceous, a.

Defn: Of the color of minium or red lead; miniate.

MINIARD
Min"iard, a.

Defn: Migniard. [Obs.]

MINIARDIZE
Min"iard*ize, v. t.

Defn: To render delicate or dainty. [Obs.] Howell.

MINIATE
Min"i*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Miniated; p. pr. & vb. n. Miniating.]
Etym: [L. miniatus, p. p. of miniare. See Minium.]

Defn: To paint or tinge with red lead or vermilion; also, to decorate
with letters, or the like, painted red, as the page of a manuscript.
T. Wharton.

MINIATE
Min"i*ate, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the color of red lead or vermilion; painted
with vermilion.

MINIATURE
Min"i*a*ture, n. Etym: [It. miniatura, fr. L. miniare. See Miniate,
v.,Minium.]

1. Originally, a painting in colors such as those in mediæval
manuscripts; in modern times, any very small painting, especially a
portrait.

2. Greatly diminished size or form; reduced scale.

3. Lettering in red; rubric distinction. [Obs.]

4. A particular feature or trait. [Obs.] Massinger.

MINIATURE
Min"i*a*ture, a.

Defn: Being on a small; much reduced from the reality; as, a
miniature copy.

MINIATURE
Min"i*a*ture, v. t.

Defn: To represent or depict in a small compass, or on a small scale.

MINIATURIST
Min"i*a*tur`ist, n.

Defn: A painter of miniatures.

MINIBUS
Min"i*bus, n. Etym: [L. minor less + -bus, as in omnibus.]

Defn: A kind of light passenger vehicle, carrying four persons.

MINIE BALL
Min"ie ball`. Etym: [From the inventor, Captain Minié, of France.]

Defn: A conical rifle bullet, with a cavity in its base plugged with
a piece of iron, which, by the explosion of the charge, is driven
farther in, expanding the sides to fit closely the grooves of the
barrel.

MINIE RIFLE
Min"ie ri"fle.

Defn: A rifle adapted to minie balls.

MINIFY
Min"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Minified; p. pr. & vb. n. Minifying.]
Etym: [L. minor less + -fly.]

1. To make small, or smaller; to diminish the apparent dimensions of;
to lessen.

2. To degrade by speech or action.

MINIKIN
Min"i*kin, n. Etym: [OD. minneken a darling, dim. of minne love; akin
to G. minne, and to E. mind.]

1. A little darling; a favorite; a minion. [Obs.] Florio.

2. A little pin. [Obs.]

MINIKIN
Min"i*kin, a.

Defn: Small; diminutive. Shak.

MINIM
Min"im, n. Etym: [F. minime, L. minimus the least, smallest, a
superl. of minor: cf. It. minima a note in music. See Minor, and cf.
Minimum.]

1. Anything very minute; as, the minims of existence; -- applied to
animalcula; and the like.

2. The smallest liquid measure, equal to about one drop; the sixtieth
part of a fluid drachm.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small fish; a minnow. [Prov. Eng.]

4. A little man or being; a dwarf. [Obs.] Milton.

5. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of an austere order of mendicant hermits of friars founded
in the 15th century by St. Francis of Paola.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: A time note, formerly the shortest in use; a half note, equal
to half a semibreve, or two quarter notes or crotchets.

7. A short poetical encomium. [Obs.] Spenser.

MINIM
Min"im, a.

Defn: Minute. "Minim forms." J. R. Drake.

MINIMAL
Min"i*mal, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or having a character of, a minim or
minimum; least; smallest; as, a minimal amount or value.

MINIMENT
Min"i*ment, n. Etym: [Prob. corrupt. of moniment.]

Defn: A trifle; a trinket; a token. [Obs.] Spenser.

MINIMIZATION
Min`i*mi*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of minimizing. Bentham.

MINIMIZE
Min"i*mize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Minimized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Minimizimg.]

Defn: To reduce to the smallest part or proportion possible; to
reduce to a minimum. Bentham.

MINIMUM
Min"i*mum, n.; pl. Minima. Etym: [L., fr. minimus. See Minim.]

Defn: The least quantity assignable, admissible, or possible, in a
given case; hence, a thing of small consequence; -- opposed to Ant:
maximum.

MINIMUM THERMOMETER
Minimum thermometer

Defn: , a thermometer for recording the lowest temperature since its
last adjustment.

MINIMUS
Min"i*mus, n.; pl. Minimi. Etym: [L. See Minim.]

1. A being of the smallest size. [Obs.] Shak.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The little finger; the fifth digit, or that corresponding to
it, in either the manus or pes.

MINING
Min"ing, n. Etym: [See Mine, v. i.]

Defn: The act or business of making mines or of working them.

MINING
Min"ing, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to mines; as, mining engineer; mining
machinery; a mining region. Mining engineering. See the Note under
Engineering.

MINION
Min"ion, n.

Defn: Minimum. [Obs.] Burton.

MINION
Min"ion, n. Etym: [F. mignon, fr. OHG. minni love, G. minne; akin to
E. mind. See Mind, and cf. Mignonette.]

1. A loved one; one highly esteemed and favored; -- in a good sense.
[Obs.]
God's disciple and his dearest minion. Sylvester.
Is this the Athenian minion whom the world Voiced so regardfully
Shak.

2. An obsequious or servile dependent or agent of another; a fawning
favorite. Sir J. Davies.
Go, rate thy minions, proud, insulting boy! Shak.

3. (Print.)

Defn: A small kind of type, in size between brevier and nonpareil.
This line is printed in minion type.

4. An ancient form of ordnance, the caliber of which was about three
inches. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

MINION
Min"ion, a. Etym: [See 2d Minion.]

Defn: Fine; trim; dainty. [Obs.] "Their... minion dancing." Fryth.

MINIONETTE
Min`ion*ette", a.

Defn: Small; delicate. [Obs.] "His minionette face." Walpole.

MINIONETTE
Min"ion*ette, n. (Print.)

Defn: A size of type between nonpareil and minion; -- used in
ornamental borders, etc.

MINIONING
Min"ion*ing, n.

Defn: Kind treatment. [Obs.]

MINIONIZE
Min"ion*ize, v. t.

Defn: To flavor. [Obs.]

MINIONLIKE; MINIONLY
Min"ion*like`, Min"ion*ly, a. & adv.

Defn: Like a minion; daintily. Camden.

MINIONSHIP
Min"ion*ship, n.

Defn: State of being a minion. [R.]

MINIOUS
Min"ious, a. Etym: [L. minium red lead.]

Defn: Of the color of red or vermilion. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

MINISH
Min"ish, v. t. Etym: [OE. menusen, F. menuiser to make small, cut
small, fr. (assumed) LL. minutiare, for minutare, fr. L. minutus
small. See Minute, a., and cf. Diminish, Minge.]

Defn: To diminish; to lessen.
The living of poor men thereby minished. Latimer.

MINISHMENT
Min"ish*ment, n.

Defn: The act of diminishing, or the state of being diminished;
diminution. [Obs.]

MINISTER
Min"is*ter, n. Etym: [OE. ministre, F. ministre, fr. L. minister,
orig. a double comparative from the root of minor less, and hence
meaning, an inferior, a servant. See 1st Minor, and cf. Master,
Minstrel.]

1. A servant; a subordinate; an officer or assistant of inferior
rank; hence, an agent, an instrument.
Moses rose up, and his minister Joshua. Ex. xxiv. 13.
I chose Camillo for the minister, to poison My friend Polixenes.
Shak.

2. An officer of justice. [Obs.]
I cry out the on the ministres, quod he, That shoulde keep and rule
this cité. Chaucer.

3. One to whom the sovereign or executive head of a government
intrusts the management of affairs of state, or some department of
such affairs.
Ministers to kings, whose eyes, ears, and hands they are, must be
answerable to God and man. Bacon.

4. A representative of a government, sent to the court, or seat of
government, of a foreign nation to transact diplomatic business.

Note: Ambassadors are classed (in the diplomatic sense) in the first
rank of public ministers, ministers plenipotentiary in the second.
"The United States diplomatic service employs two classes of
ministers, -- ministers plenipotentiary and ministers resident."
Abbott.

5. One who serves at the altar; one who performs sacerdotal duties;
the pastor of a church duly authorized or licensed to preach the
gospel and administer the sacraments. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Delegate; official; ambassador; clergyman; parson; priest.

MINISTER
Min"is*ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ministered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ministering.] Etym: [OE. ministren, OF. ministrer, fr. L. ministrare.
See Minister, n.]

Defn: To furnish or apply; to afford; to supply; to administer.
He that ministereth seed to the sower. 2 Cor. ix. 10.
We minister to God reason to suspect us. Jer. Taylor.

MINISTER
Min"is*ter, v. i.

1. To act as a servant, attendant, or agent; to attend and serve; to
perform service in any office, sacred or secular.
The Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister. Matt.
xx. 28.

2. To supply or to things needful; esp., to supply consolation or
remedies. Matt. xxv. 44.
Canst thou not minister to a mind diseased Shak.

MINISTERIAL
Min`is*te"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. ministerialis: cf. F. ministériel. See
Minister, and cf. Minstrel.]

1. Of or pertaining to ministry or service; serving; attendant.
Enlightening spirits and ministerial flames. Prior.

2. Of or pertaining to the office of a minister or to the ministry as
a body, whether civil or sacerdotal. "Ministerial offices." Bacon. "A
ministerial measure." Junius. "Ministerial garments." Hooker.

3. Tending to advance or promote; contributive. "Ministerial to
intellectual culture." De Quincey. The ministerial benches, the
benches in the House of Commons occupied by members of the cabinet
and their supporters; -- also, the persons occupying them. "Very
solid and very brilliant talents distinguish the ministerial
benches." Burke.

Syn.
 -- Official; priestly; sacerdotal; ecclesiastical.

MINISTERIALIST
Min`is*te"ri*al*ist, n.

Defn: A supporter of the ministers, or the party in power.

MINISTERIALLY
Min`is*te"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a ministerial manner; in the character or capacity of a
minister.

MINISTERY
Min"is*ter*y, n.

Defn: See Ministry. Milton.

MINISTRACY
Min"is*tra*cy, n.

Defn: Ministration. [Obs.]

MINISTRAL
Min"is*tral, a.

Defn: Ministerial. [Obs.] Johnson.

MINISTRANT
Min"is*trant, a. Etym: [L. ministrans, -antis, of ministrare to
minister.]

Defn: Performing service as a minister; attendant on service; acting
under command; subordinate. "Princedoms and dominations ministrant."
Milton.
 -- n.

Defn: One who ministers.

MINISTRATION
Min`is*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. ministratio, fr. ministrare.]

Defn: The act of ministering; service; ministry. "The days of his
ministration." Luke i. 23.

MINISTRATIVE
Min"is*tra*tive, a.

Defn: Serving to aid; ministering.

MINISTRESS
Min"is*tress, n. Etym: [Cf. L. ministrix.]

Defn: A woman who ministers. Akenside.

MINISTRY
Min"is*try, n.; pl. Ministries. Etym: [L. ministerium. See Minister,
n., and cf. Mystery a trade.]

1. The act of ministering; ministration; service. "With tender
ministry." Thomson.

2. Hence: Agency; instrumentality.
The ordinary ministry of second causes. Atterbury.
The wicked ministry of arms. Dryden.

3. The office, duties, or functions of a minister, servant, or agent;
ecclesiastical, executive, or ambassadorial function or profession.

4. The body of ministers of state; also, the clergy, as a body.

5. Administration; rule; term in power; as, the ministry of Pitt.

MINISTRYSHIP
Min"is*try*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a minister. Swift.

MINIUM
Min"i*um, n. Etym: [L. minium, an Iberian word, the Romans getting
all their cinnabar from Spain; cf. Basque armineá.] (Chem.)

Defn: A heavy, brilliant red pigment, consisting of an oxide of lead,
Pb3O4, obtained by exposing lead or massicot to a gentle and
continued heat in the air. It is used as a cement, as a paint, and in
the manufacture of flint glass. Called also red lead.

MINIVER
Min"i*ver, n. Etym: [See Meniver.]

Defn: A fur esteemed in the Middle Ages as a part of costume. It is
uncertain whether it was the fur of one animal only or of different
animals.

MINIVET
Min"i*vet, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A singing bird of India of the family Campephagidæ.

MINK
Mink, n. Etym: [Cf. 2d Minx.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carnivorous mammal of the genus Putorius, allied to the
weasel. The European mink is Putorius lutreola. The common American
mink (P. vison) varies from yellowish brown to black. Its fur is
highly valued. Called also minx, nurik, and vison.

MINNESINGER
Min"ne*sing`er, n. Etym: [G., fr. minne love + singen to sing.]

Defn: A love-singer; specifically, one of a class of German poets and
musicians who flourished from about the middle of the twelfth to the
middle of the fourteenth century. They were chiefly of noble birth,
and made love and beauty the subjects of their verses.

MINNOW
Min"now, n. Etym: [OE. menow, cf. AS. myne; also OE. menuse, OF.
menuise small fish; akin to E. minish, minute.] [Written also minow.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European fresh-water cyprinoid fish (Phoxinus lævis,
formerly Leuciscus phoxinus); sometimes applied also to the young of
larger kinds; -- called also minim and minny. The name is also
applied to several allied American species, of the genera Phoxinus,
Notropis, or Minnilus, and Rhinichthys.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any of numerous small American cyprinodont fishes of the genus
Fundulus, and related genera. They live both in fresh and in salt
water. Called also killifish, minny, and mummichog.mummichog

MINNY
Min"ny, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A minnow.

MINO BIRD
Mi"no bird". Etym: [Hind. maina.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Asiatic bird (Gracula musica), allied to the starlings. It
is black, with a white spot on the wings, and a pair of flat yellow
wattles on the head. It is often tamed and taught to pronounce words.

MINOR
Mi"nor, a. Etym: [L., a comparative with no positive; akin to AS. min
small, G. minder less, OHG. minniro, a., min, adv., Icel. minni, a.,
minnr, adv., Goth. minniza, a., mins, adv., Ir. & Gael. min small,
tender, L. minuere to lessen, Gr. mi to damage. Cf. Minish, Minister,
Minus, Minute.]

1. Inferior in bulk, degree, importance, etc.; less; smaller; of
little account; as, minor divisions of a body.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Less by a semitone in interval or difference of pitch; as, a
minor third. Asia Minor (Geog.), the Lesser Asia; that part of Asia
which lies between the Euxine, or Black Sea, on the north, and the
Mediterranean on the south.
 -- Minor mode (Mus.), that mode, or scale, in which the third and
sixth are minor, -- much used for mournful and solemn subjects.
 -- Minor orders (Eccl.), the rank of persons employed in
ecclesiastical offices who are not in holy orders, as doorkeepers,
acolytes, etc.
 -- Minor scale (Mus.) The form of the minor scale is various. The
strictly correct form has the third and sixth minor, with a semitone
between the seventh and eighth, which involves an augmented second
interval, or three semitones, between the sixth and seventh, as, 6/F,
7/G#, 8/A. But, for melodic purposes, both the sixth and the seventh
are sometimes made major in the ascending, and minor in the
descending, scale, thus: --See Major.
 -- Minor term of syllogism (Logic), the subject of the conclusion.

MINOR
Mi"nor, n.

1. A person of either sex who has not attained the age at which full
civil rights are accorded; an infant; in England and the United
States, one under twenty-one years of age.

Note: In hereditary monarchies, the minority of a sovereign ends at
an earlier age than of a subject. The minority of a sovereign of
Great Britain ends upon the completion of the eighteenth year of his
age.

2. (Logic)

Defn: The minor term, that is, the subject of the conclusion; also,
the minor premise, that is, that premise which contains the minor
term; in hypothetical syllogisms, the categorical premise. It is the
second proposition of a regular syllogism, as in the following: Every
act of injustice partakes of meanness; to take money from another by
gaming is an act of injustice; therefore, the taking of money from
another by gaming partakes of meanness.

3. A Minorite; a Franciscan friar.

MINORAT
Mi`no*rat", n. [G. Cf. Minor, a.] (Law)

Defn: A custom or right, analogous to borough-English in England,
formerly existing in various parts of Europe, and surviving in parts
of Germany and Austria, by which certain entailed estates, as a
homestead and adjacent land, descend to the youngest male heir.

MINORATE
Mi"nor*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. minoratus; p. p. of minorare to diminish,
fr. minor, a. See 1st Minor.]

Defn: To diminish. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

MINORATION
Mi`nor*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. minoratio: cf. F. minoration.]

Defn: A diminution. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

MINORESS
Mi"nor*ess, n.

Defn: See Franciscan Nuns, under Franciscan, a.

MINORITE
Mi"nor*ite, n. Etym: [L. minor less. Cf. 2d Minor, 3.]

Defn: A Franciscan friar.

MINORITY
Mi*nor"i*ty, n.; pl. Minorities. Etym: [Cf. F. minorité. See Minor,
a. & n.]

1. The state of being a minor, or under age.

2. State of being less or small. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

3. The smaller number; -- opposed to Ant: majority; as, the minority
must be ruled by the majority.

MINOS
Mi"nos, n. Etym: [Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A king and lawgiver of Crete, fabled to be the son of Jupiter
and Europa. After death he was made a judge in the Lower Regions.

MINOTAUR
Min"o*taur, n. Etym: [L. Minotaurus, Gr. Mi`nos, the husband of
Pasiphaë + tay^ros a bull, the Minotaur being the offspring of
Pasiphaë and a bull: cf. F. minotaure.] (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A fabled monster, half man and half bull, confined in the
labyrinth constructed by Dædalus in Crete.

MINOW
Min"ow, n.

Defn: See Minnow.

MINSTER
Min"ster, n. Etym: [AS. mynster, fr. L. monasterium. See Monastery.]
(Arch.)

Defn: A church of a monastery. The name is often retained and applied
to the church after the monastery has ceased to exist (as Beverly
Minster, Southwell Minster, etc.), and is also improperly used for
any large church. Minster house, the official house in which the
canons of a cathedral live in common or in rotation. Shipley.

MINSTREL
Min"strel, n. Etym: [OE. minstrel, menestral, OF. menestrel, fr. LL.
ministerialis servant, workman (cf. ministrellus harpist), fr. L.
ministerium service. See Ministry, and cf. Ministerial.]

Defn: In the Middle Ages, one of an order of men who subsisted by the
arts of poetry and music, and sang verses to the accompaniment of a
harp or other instrument; in modern times, a poet; a bard; a singer
and harper; a musician. Chaucer.

MINSTRELSY
Min"strel*sy, n.

1. The arts and occupation of minstrels; the singing and playing of a
minstrel.

2. Musical instruments. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. A collective body of minstrels, or musicians; also, a collective
body of minstrels' songs. Chaucer. "The minstrelsy of heaven."
Milton.

MINT
Mint, n. Etym: [AS. minte, fr. L. mentha, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several aromatic labiate plants, mostly of the
genus Mentha, yielding odoriferous essential oils by distillation.
See Mentha.

Note: Corn mint is Mentha arvensis.
 -- Horsemint is M. sylvestris, and in the United States Monarda
punctata, which differs from the true mints in several respects.
 -- Mountain mint is any species of the related genus Pycnanthemum,
common in North America.
 -- Peppermint is M. piperita.
 -- Spearmint is M. viridis.
 -- Water mint is M. aquatica. Mint camphor. (Chem.) See Menthol.
 -- Mint julep. See Julep.
 -- Mint sauce, a sauce flavored with spearmint, for meats.

MINT
Mint, n. Etym: [AS. mynet money, coin, fr. L. moneta the mint, coined
money, fr. Moneta, a surname of Juno, in whose at Rome money was
coined; akin to monere to warn, admonish, AS. manian, and to E. mind.
See Mind, and cf. Money, Monition.]

1. A place where money is coined by public authority.

2. Hence: Any place regarded as a source of unlimited supply; the
supply itself.
A mint of phrases in his brain. Shak.

MINT
Mint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Minted; p. pr. & vb. n. Minting.] Etym:
[AS. mynetian.]

1. To make by stamping, as money; to coin; to make and stamp into
money.

2. To invent; to forge; to fabricate; to fashion.
Titles... of such natures as may be easily minted. Bacon.
Minting mill, a coining press.

MINTAGE
Mint"age, n.

1. The coin, or other production, made in a mint.
Stamped in clay, a heavenly mintage. Sterling.

2. The duty paid to the mint for coining.

MINTER
Mint"er, n.

Defn: One who mints.

MINTMAN
Mint"man, n.; pl. Mintmen (.

Defn: One skilled in coining, or in coins; a coiner.

MINT-MASTER
Mint"-mas`ter, n.

Defn: The master or superintendent of a mint. Also used figuratively.

MINT SAUCE
Mint sauce.

1. A sauce of vinegar and sugar flavored with spearmint leaves.

2.  Money. [Slang, Eng.]

MINUEND
Min"u*end, n. Etym: [L. minuendus to be diminished, fr. minuere to
lessen, diminish. See Minish.] (Arith.)

Defn: The number from which another number is to be subtracted.

MINUET
Min"u*et, n. Etym: [F., fr. menu small, L. minutus small. So called
on account of the short steps of the dance. See 4th Minute.]

1. A slow graceful dance consisting of a coupee, a high step, and a
balance.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A tune or air to regulate the movements of the dance so called;
a movement in suites, sonatas, symphonies, etc., having the dance
form, and commonly in 3-4, sometimes 3-8, measure.

MINUM
Min"um, n. Etym: [See 2d Minion, Minum, 6.] [Obs.]

1. A small kind of printing type; minion.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A minim.

MINUS
Mi"nus, a. Etym: [L. See Minor, and cf. Mis- pref. from the French.]
(Math.)

Defn: Less; requiring to be subtracted; negative; as, a minus
quantity. Minus sign (Math.), the sign [-] denoting minus, or less,
prefixed to negative quantities, or quantities to be subtracted. See
Negative sign, under Negative.

MINUSCULE
Mi*nus"cule, n. Etym: [L. minusculus rather small, fr. minus less:
cf. F. minuscule.]

1. Any very small, minute object.

2. A small Roman letter which is neither capital nor uncial; a
manuscript written in such letters.
 -- a.

Defn: Of the size and style of minuscules; written in minuscules.
These minuscule letters are cursive forms of the earlier uncials. I.
Taylor (The Alphabet).

MINUTARY
Min"u*ta*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, minutes. [Obs.] Fuller.

MINUTE
Min"ute, n. Etym: [LL. minuta a small portion, small coin, fr. L.
minutus small: cf. F. minute. See 4th Minute.]

1. The sixtieth part of an hour; sixty seconds. (Abbrev. m.; as, 4 h.
30 m.)
Four minutes, that is to say, minutes of an hour. Chaucer.

2. The sixtieth part of a degree; sixty seconds (Marked thus (`); as,
10º 20`.)

3. A nautical or a geographic mile.

4. A coin; a half farthing. [Obs.] Wyclif (Mark xii. 42)

5. A very small part of anything, or anything very small; a jot; a
tittle. [Obs.]
Minutes and circumstances of his passion. Jer. Taylor.

6. A point of time; a moment.
I go this minute to attend the king. Dryden.

7. The memorandum; a record; a note to preserve the memory of
anything; as, to take minutes of a contract; to take minutes of a
conversation or debate.

8. (Arch.)

Defn: A fixed part of a module. See Module.

Note: Different writers take as the minute one twelfth, one
eighteenth, one thirtieth, or one sixtieth part of the module.

MINUTE
Min"ute, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a minute or minutes; occurring at or
marking successive minutes. Minute bell, a bell tolled at intervals
of a minute, as to give notice of a death or a funeral.
 -- Minute book, a book in which written minutes are entered.
 -- Minute glass, a glass measuring a minute or minutes by the
running of sand.
 -- Minute gun, a discharge of a cannon repeated every minute as a
sign of distress or mourning.
 -- Minute hand, the long hand of a watch or clock, which makes the
circuit of the dial in an hour, and marks the minutes.

MINUTE
Min"ute, v. t. Etym: [imp. & p. p. Minuted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Minuting.]

Defn: To set down a short sketch or note of; to jot down; to make a
minute or a brief summary of.
The Empress of Russia, with her own hand, minuted an edict for
universal tolerance. Bancroft.

MINUTE
Mi*nute", a. Etym: [L. minutus, p. p. of minuere to lessen. See
Minish, Minor, and cf. Menu, Minuet.]

1. Very small; little; tiny; fine; slight; slender; inconsiderable.
"Minute drops." Milton.

2. Attentive to small things; paying attention to details; critical;
particular; precise; as, a minute observer; minute observation.

Syn.
 -- Little; diminutive; fine; critical; exact; circumstantial;
particular; detailed.
 -- Minute, Circumstantial, Particular. A circumstantial account
embraces all the leading events; a particular account includes each
event and movement, though of but little importance; a minute account
goes further still, and omits nothing as to person, time, place,
adjuncts, etc.

MINUTE-JACK
Mi*nute"-jack`, n.

1. A figure which strikes the hour on the bell of some fanciful
clocks; -- called also jack of the clock house.

2. A timeserver; an inconstant person. Shak.

MINUTELY
Mi*nute"ly, adv. Etym: [From 4th Minute.]

Defn: In a minute manner; with minuteness; exactly; nicely.

MINUTELY
Min"ute*ly, a. Etym: [From 1st Minute.]

Defn: Happening every minute; continuing; unceasing. [Obs.]
Throwing themselves absolutely upon God's minutely providence.
Hammond.

MINUTELY
Min"ute*ly, adv.

Defn: At intervals of a minute; very often and regularly. J. Philips.
Minutely proclaimed in thunder from heaven. Hammond.

MINUTEMAN
Min"ute*man, n.; pl. Minutemen (.

Defn: A militiaman who was to be ready to march at a moment's notice;
-- a term used in the American Revolution.

MINUTENESS
Mi*nute"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being minute.

MINUTIA
Mi*nu"ti*a, n.; pl. Minutiæ (-e). Etym: [L., fr. minutus small,
minute. See 4th Minute.]

Defn: A minute particular; a small or minor detail; -- used chiefly
in the plural.

MINX
Minx, n. Etym: [Prob. of Low German origin; cf. LG. minsk wench,
jade, hussy, D. mensch; prop. the same word as D. & G. mensch man,
human being, OHG. mennisco, AS. mennisc, fr. man. See Man.]

1. A pert or a wanton girl. Shak.

2. A she puppy; a pet dog. [Obs.] Udall.

MINX
Minx, n. Etym: [See Mink.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The mink; -- called also minx otter. [Obs.]

MINY
Min"y, a.

Defn: Abounding with mines; like a mine. "Miny caverns." Thomson.

MINYAN
Min*yan", n. (Jewish Relig.)

Defn: A quorum, or number necessary, for conducting public worship.

MIOCENE
Mi"o*cene, a. Etym: [Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the middle division of the Tertiary.
 -- n.

Defn: The Miocene period. See Chart of Geology.

MIOHIPPUS
Mi`o*hip"pus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct Miocene mammal of the Horse family, closely related
to the genus Anhithecrium, and having three usable hoofs on each
foot.

MIQUELET
Miq"ue*let, n. Etym: [Sp. miquelete.] (Mil.)

Defn: An irregular or partisan soldier; a bandit.

MIR
Mir, n.

Defn: A Russian village community. D. M. Wallace.

MIR
Mir, n. Etym: [Per. mir.]

Defn: Same as Emir.

MIRA
Mi"ra, n. Etym: [NL., from L. mirus wonderful.] (Astron.)

Defn: A remarkable variable star in the constellation Cetus (o Ceti).

MIRABILARY
Mi*rab"i*la*ry, n.; pl. Mirabilaries (.

Defn: One who, or a work which, narrates wonderful things; one who
writes of wonders. [Obs.] Bacon.

MIRABILIS
Mi*rab"i*lis, n. Etym: [L., wonderful.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants. See Four-o'clock.

MIRABILITE
Mi*rab"i*lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Native sodium sulphate; Glauber's salt.

MIRABLE
Mi"ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. mirabilis, fr. mirari to wonder: cf. OF.
mirable. See Marvel.]

Defn: Wonderful; admirable. [Obs.] Shak.

MIRACLE
Mir"a*cle, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. miraculum, fr. mirari to wonder. See
Marvel, and cf. Mirror.]

1. A wonder or wonderful thing.
That miracle and queen of genus. Shak.

2. Specifically: An event or effect contrary to the established
constitution and course of things, or a deviation from the known laws
of nature; a supernatural event, or one transcending the ordinary
laws by which the universe is governed.
They considered not the miracle of the loaves. Mark vi. 52.

3. A miracle play.

4. A story or legend abounding in miracles. [Obs.]
When said was all this miracle. Chaucer.
Miracle monger, an impostor who pretends to work miracles.
 -- Miracle play, one of the old dramatic entertainments founded on
legends of saints and martyrs or (see 2d Mystery, 2) on events
related in the Bible.

MIRACLE
Mir"a*cle, v. t.

Defn: To make wonderful. [Obs.] Shak.

MIRACULIZE
Mi*rac"u*lize, v. t.

Defn: To cause to seem to be a miracle. [R.] Shaftesbury.

MIRACULOUS
Mi*rac"u*lous, a. Etym: [F. miraculeux. See Miracle.]

1. Of the nature of a miracle; performed by supernatural power;
effected by the direct agency of almighty power, and not by natural
causes.

2. Supernatural; wonderful.

3. Wonder-working. "The miraculous harp." Shak.
 -- Mi*rac"u*lous*ly, adv.
 -- Mi*rac"u*lous*ness, n.

MIRADOR
Mir`a*dor", n. Etym: [Sp., fr. mirar to behold, view. See Mirror.]
(Arch.)

Defn: Same as Belvedere.

MIRAGE
Mi`rage", n. Etym: [F., fr. mirer to look at carefully, to aim, se
mirer to look at one's self in a glass, to reflect, to be reflected,
LL. mirare to look at. See Mirror.]

Defn: An optical effect, sometimes seen on the ocean, but more
frequently in deserts, due to total reflection of light at the
surface common to two strata of air differently heated. The reflected
image is seen, commonly in an inverted position, while the real
object may or may not be in sight. When the surface is horizontal,
and below the eye, the appearance is that of a sheet of water in
which the object is seen reflected; when the reflecting surface is
above the eye, the image is seen projected against the sky. The fata
Morgana and looming are species of mirage.
By the mirage uplifted the land floats vague in the ether, Ships and
the shadows of ships hang in the motionless air. Longfellow.

MIRBANE
Mir"bane, n.

Defn: See Nitrobenzene.

MIRE
Mire, n. Etym: [AS. mire, m; akin to D. mier, Icel. maurr, Dan. myre,
Sw. myra; cf. also Ir. moirbh, Gr.

Defn: An ant. [Obs.] See Pismire.

MIRE
Mire, n. Etym: [OE. mire, myre; akin to Icel. m swamp, Sw. myra
marshy ground, and perh. to E. moss.]

Defn: Deep mud; wet, spongy earth. Chaucer.
He his rider from the lofty steed Would have cast down and trod in
dirty mire. Spenser.
Mire crow (Zoöl.), the pewit, or laughing gull. [Prov. Eng.] -- Mire
drum, the European bittern. [Prov. Eng.]

MIRE
Mire, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mired; p. pr. & vb. n. Miring.]

1. To cause or permit to stick fast in mire; to plunge or fix in mud;
as, to mire a horse or wagon.

2. To soil with mud or foul matter.
Smirched thus and mired with infamy. Shak.

MIRE
Mire, v. i.

Defn: To stick in mire. Shak.

MIRIFIC; MIRIFICAL
Mi*rif"ic, Mi*rif"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. mirificus; mirus wonderful + -
ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]

Defn: Working wonders; wonderful.

MIRIFICENT
Mi*rif"i*cent, a.

Defn: Wonderful. [Obs.]

MIRINESS
Mir"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being miry.

MIRK
Mirk, a. Etym: [See Murky.]

Defn: Dark; gloomy; murky. Spenser. Mrs. Browning.

MIRK
Mirk, n.

Defn: Darkness; gloom; murk. "In mirk and mire." Longfellow.

MIRKSOME
Mirk"some, a.

Defn: Dark; gloomy; murky. [Archaic] Spenser.
 -- Mirk"some*ness, n. [Archaic]

MIRKY
Mirk"y, a.

Defn: Dark; gloomy. See Murky.

MIRLITON
Mir"li*ton, n. [F.]

Defn: A kind of musical toy into which one sings, hums, or speaks,
producing a coarse, reedy sound.

Trilby singing "Ben Bolt" into a mirliton was a thing to be
remembered, whether one would or no!
Du Maurier.

MIRROR
Mir"ror, n. Etym: [OE. mirour, F. miroir, OF. also mireor, fr.
(assumed) LL. miratorium, fr. mirare to look at, L. mirari to wonder.
See Marvel, and cf. Miracle, Mirador.]

1. A looking-glass or a speculum; any glass or polished substance
that forms images by the reflection of rays of light.
And in her hand she held a mirror bright, Wherein her face she often
viewèd fair. Spenser.

2. That which gives a true representation, or in which a true image
may be seen; hence, a pattern; an exemplar.
She is mirour of all courtesy. Chaucer.
O goddess, heavenly bright, Mirror of grace and majesty divine.
Spenser.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Speculum. Mirror carp (Zoöl.), a domesticated variety of
the carp, having only three or fur rows of very large scales side.
 -- Mirror plate. (a) A flat glass mirror without a frame. (b) Flat
glass used for making mirrors.
 -- Mirror writing, a manner or form of backward writing, making
manuscript resembling in slant and order of letters the reflection of
ordinary writing in a mirror. The substitution of this manner of
writing for the common manner is a symptom of some kinds of nervous
disease.

MIRROR
Mir"ror, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mirrored; p. pr. & vb. n. Mirroring.]

Defn: To reflect, as in a mirror.

MIRRORSCOPE
Mir"ror*scope, n.  [Mirror + -scope.]

Defn: See Projector, below.

MIRTH
Mirth, n. Etym: [OE. mirthe, murthe, merthe, AS. myredh, myrgedh,
merhedh, mirhedh. See Merry.]

1. Merriment; gayety accompanied with laughter; jollity.
Then will I cause to cease ... from the streets of Jerusalem, the
voice of mirth. Jer. vii. 34.

2. That which causes merriment. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- Merriment; joyousness; gladness; fun; frolic; glee; hilarity;
festivity; jollity. See Gladness.

MIRTHFUL
Mirth"ful, a.

1. Full of mirth or merriment; merry; as, mirthful children.

2. Indicating or inspiring mirth; as, a mirthful face.
Mirthful, comic shows. Shak.
-- Mirth"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Mirth"ful*ness, n.

MIRTHLESS
Mirth"less, a.

Defn: Without mirth.
 -- Mirth"less*ness, n.

MIRY
Mir"y, a. Etym: [From 2d Mire.]

Defn: Abounding with deep mud; full of mire; muddy; as, a miry road.

MIRYACHIT
Mir"ya*chit`, n. [Written also myriachit.] [Yakoot merjäk epileptic,
fr. imerek jerk, rage.] (Med.)

Defn: A nervous disease in which the patient involuntarily imitates
the words or action of another.

MIRZA
Mir"za, n. Etym: [Per. mirza, abbrev. fr. mirzadeh son of the prince;
mir prince (Ar. amir, emir) + zadeh son.]

Defn: The common title of honor in Persia, prefixed to the surname of
an individual. When appended to the surname, it signifies Prince.

MIS-
Mis-. Etym: [In words of Teutonic origin, fr. AS. mis-; akin to D.
mis-, G. miss-, OHG. missa-, missi-, Icel. & Dan. mis-, Sw. miss-,
Goth. missa-; orig., a p. p. from the root of G. meiden to shun, OHG.
midan, AS. mi (Miss to fail of). In words from the French, fr. OF.
mes-, F. mé-, mes-, fr. L. minus less (see Minus). In present usage
these two prefixes are commonly confounded.]

Defn: A prefix used adjectively and adverbially in the sense of
amiss, wrong, ill, wrongly, unsuitably; as, misdeed, mislead,
mischief, miscreant.

MIS
Mis, a. & adv. Etym: [See Amiss.]

Defn: Wrong; amiss. [Obs.] "To correcten that [which] is mis."
Chaucer.

MISACCEPTATION
Mis*ac`cep*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Wrong acceptation; understanding in a wrong sense.

MISACCOMPT
Mis`ac*compt", v. t.

Defn: To account or reckon wrongly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MISADJUST
Mis`ad*just", v. t.

Defn: To adjust wrongly of unsuitably; to throw of adjustment. I.
Taylor.

MISADJUSTMENT
Mis`ad*just"ment, n.

Defn: Wrong adjustment; unsuitable arrangement.

MISADVENTURE
Mis`ad*ven"ture, n. Etym: [OE. mesaventure, F. mésaventure.]

Defn: Mischance; misfortune; ill lick; unlucky accident; ill
adventure. Chaucer. Homicide by misadventure (Law), homicide which
occurs when a man, doing a lawful act, without any intention of
injury, unfortunately kills another; -- called also excusable
homicide. See Homicide. Blackstone.

Syn.
 -- Mischance; mishap; misfortune; disaster; calamity.

MISADVENTURED
Mis`ad*ven"tured, a.

Defn: Unfortunate. [Obs.]

MISADVENTUROUS
Mis`ad*ven"tur*ous, a.

Defn: Unfortunate.

MISADVERTENCE
Mis`ad*vert"ence, n.

Defn: Inadvertence.

MISADVICE
Mis`ad*vice", n.

Defn: Bad advice.

MISADVISE
Mis`ad*vise", v. t.

Defn: To give bad counsel to.

MISADVISED
Mis`ad*vised", a.

Defn: Ill advised.
 -- Mis`ad*vis"ed*ly, adv.

MISAFFECT
Mis`af*fect", v. t.

Defn: To dislike. [Obs.]

MISAFFECTED
Mis`af*fect"ed, a.

Defn: Ill disposed. [Obs.]

MISAFFECTION
Mis`af*fec"tion, n.

Defn: An evil or wrong affection; the state of being ill affected.
[Obs.] Bp. Hall.

MISAFFIRM
Mis`af*firm", v. t.

Defn: To affirm incorrectly.

MISAIMED
Mis*aimed", a.

Defn: Not rightly aimed. Spenser.

MISALLEGATION
Mis*al`le*ga"tion, n.

Defn: A erroneous statement or allegation. Bp. Hall.

MISALLEGE
Mis`al*lege", v. t.

Defn: To state erroneously.

MISALLIANCE
Mis`al*li"ance, n. Etym: [F. mésalliance.]

Defn: A marriage with a person of inferior rank or social station; an
improper alliance; a mesalliance.
A Leigh had made a misalliance, and blushed A Howard should know it.
Mrs. Browning.

MISALLIED
Mis`al*lied", a.

Defn: Wrongly allied or associated.

MISALLOTMENT
Mis`al*lot"ment, n.

Defn: A wrong allotment.

MISALTER
Mis*al"ter, v. t.

Defn: To alter wrongly; esp., to alter for the worse. Bp. Hall.

MISANTHROPE
Mis"an*thrope, n. Etym: [Gr. misanthrope. Cf. Miser.]

Defn: A hater of mankind; a misanthropist.

MISANTHROPIC; MISANTHROPICAL
Mis`an*throp"ic, Mis`an*throp"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
misanthropique.]

Defn: Hating or disliking mankind.

MISANTHROPIST
Mis*an"thro*pist, n.

Defn: A misanthrope.

MISANTHROPOS
Mis*an"thro*pos, n. Etym: [NL. See Misanthrope.]

Defn: A misanthrope. [Obs.] Shak.

MISANTHROPY
Mis*an"thro*py, n. Etym: [Gr. misanthropie.]

Defn: Hatred of, or dislike to, mankind; -- opposed to philanthropy.
Orrery.

MISAPPLICATION
Mis*ap`pli*ca"tion, n.

Defn: A wrong application. Sir T. Browne.

MISAPPLY
Mis`ap*ply", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Misapplied; p. pr. & vb. n.
Misapplying.]

Defn: To apply wrongly; to use for a wrong purpose; as, to misapply a
name or title; to misapply public money.

MISAPPRECIATED
Mis`ap*pre"ci*a`ted, a.

Defn: Improperly appreciated.

MISAPPREHEND
Mis*ap`pre*hend", v. t.

Defn: To take in a wrong sense; to misunderstand. Locke.

MISAPPREHENSION
Mis*ap`pre*hen"sion, n.

Defn: A mistaking or mistake; wrong apprehension of one's meaning of
a fact; misconception; misunderstanding.

MISAPPREHENSIVELY
Mis*ap`pre*hen"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: By, or with, misapprehension.

MISAPPROPRIATE
Mis`ap*pro"pri*ate, v. t.

Defn: To appropriate wrongly; to use for a wrong purpose.

MISAPPROPRIATION
Mis`ap*pro`pri*a"tion, n.

Defn: Wrong appropriation; wrongful use.

MISARRANGE
Mis`ar*range", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Misarranged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Misarranging.]

Defn: To place in a wrong order, or improper manner.

MISARRANGEMENT
Mis`ar*range"ment, n.

Defn: Wrong arrangement.

MISASCRIBE
Mis`as*cribe", v. t.

Defn: To ascribe wrongly.

MISASSAY
Mis`as*say", v. t.

Defn: To assay, or attempt, improperly or unsuccessfully. [Obs.] W.
Browne.

MISASSIGN
Mis`as*sign", v. t.

Defn: To assign wrongly.

MISATTEND
Mis`at*tend", v. t.

Defn: To misunderstand; to disregard. [Obs.] Milton.

MISAVENTURE
Mis`a*ven"ture, n.

Defn: Misadventure. [Obs.]

MISAVIZE
Mis`a*vize", v. t.

Defn: To misadvise. [Obs.]

MISBEAR
Mis*bear", v. t.

Defn: To carry improperly; to carry (one's self) wrongly; to
misbehave. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MISBECOME
Mis`be*come", v. t.

Defn: Not to become; to suit ill; not to befit or be adapted to.
Macaulay.
Thy father will not act what misbecomes him. Addison.

MISBECOMING
Mis`be*com"ing, a.

Defn: Unbecoming. Milton.
 -- Mis`be*com"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Mis`be*com"ing*ness, n. Boyle.

MISBEDE
Mis*bede", v. t. [imp. Misbode; p. p. Misboden.] Etym: [AS. mis-
beôdan.]

Defn: To wrong; to do injury to. [Obs.]
Who hath you misboden or offended Chaucer.

MISBEFITTING
Mis`be*fit"ting, a.

Defn: No befitting.

MISBEGOT; MISBEGOTTEN
Mis`be*got", Mis`be*got"ten (, p. a.

Defn: Unlawfully or irregularly begotten; of bad origin; pernicious.
"Valor misbegot." Shak.

MISBEHAVE
Mis`be*have", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Misbehaved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Misbehaving.]

Defn: To behave ill; to conduct one's self improperly; -- often used
with a reciprocal pronoun.

MISBEHAVED
Mis`be*haved", a.

Defn: Guilty of ill behavior; illbred; rude. "A misbehaved and sullen
wench." Shak.

MISBEHAVIOR
Mis`be*hav"ior, n.

Defn: Improper, rude, or uncivil behavior; ill conduct. Addison.

MISBELIEF
Mis`be*lief", n.

Defn: Erroneous or false belief.

MISBELIEVE
Mis`be*lieve" (, v. i.

Defn: To believe erroneously, or in a false religion. "That
misbelieving Moor." Shak.

MISBELIEVER
Mis`be*liev"er, n.

Defn: One who believes wrongly; one who holds a false religion. Shak.

MISBESEEM
Mis`be*seem", v. t.

Defn: To suit ill.

MISBESTOW
Mis`be*stow", v. t.

Defn: To bestow improperly.

MISBESTOWAL
Mis`be*stow"al, n.

Defn: The act of misbestowing.

MISBILEVE
Mis`bi*leve", n.

Defn: Misbelief; unbelief; suspicion. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MISBODE
Mis*bode", imp.

Defn: of Misbede.

MISBODEN
Mis*bo"den, p. p.

Defn: of Misbede.

MISBORN
Mis"born`, a.

Defn: Born to misfortune. Spenser.

MISCALCULATE
Mis*cal"cu*late, v. t. & i.

Defn: To calculate erroneously; to judge wrongly.
 -- Mis*cal`cu*la"tion, n.

MISCALL
Mis*call", v. t.

1. To call by a wrong name; to name improperly.

2. To call by a bad name; to abuse. [Obs.] Fuller.

MISCARRIAGE
Mis*car"riage, n.

1. Unfortunate event or issue of an undertaking; failure to attain a
desired result or reach a destination.
When a counselor, to save himself, Would lay miscarriages upon his
prince. Dryden.

2. Ill conduct; evil or improper behavior; as, the failings and
miscarriages of the righteous. Rogers.

3. The act of bringing forth before the time; premature birth.

MISCARRIAGEABLE
Mis*car"riage*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of miscarrying; liable to fail. [R.] Bp. Hall.

MISCARRY
Mis*car"ry, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Miscarried; p. pr. & vb. n.
Miscarrying.]

1. To carry, or go, wrong; to fail of reaching a destination, or fail
of the intended effect; to be unsuccessful; to suffer defeat.
My ships have all miscarried. Shak.
The cardinal's letters to the pope miscarried. Shak.

2. To bring forth young before the proper time.

MISCAST
Mis*cast", v. t.

Defn: To cast or reckon wrongly.

MISCAST
Mis*cast", n.

Defn: An erroneous cast or reckoning.

MISCEGENATION
Mis`ce*ge*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. miscere to mix + the root of genus
race.]

Defn: A mixing of races; amalgamation, as by intermarriage of black
and white.

MISCELLANARIAN
Mis`cel*la*na"ri*an, a. Etym: [See Miscellany.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to miscellanies. Shaftesbury.
 -- n.

Defn: A writer of miscellanies.

MISCELLANE
Mis"cel*lane, n. Etym: [See Miscellaneous, and cf. Maslin.]

Defn: A mixture of two or more sorts of grain; -- now called maslin
and meslin. Bacon.

MISCELLANEA
Mis"cel*la"ne*a, n. pl. Etym: [L. See Miscellany.]

Defn: A collection of miscellaneous matters; matters of various
kinds.

MISCELLANEOUS
Mis`cel*la"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. miscellaneus mixed, miscellaneous,
fr. miscellus mixed, fr. miscere to mix. See Mix, and cf.
Miscellany.]

Defn: Mixed; mingled; consisting of several things; of diverse sorts;
promiscuous; heterogeneous; as, a miscellaneous collection. "A
miscellaneous rabble." Milton.
 -- Mis`cel*la"ne*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Mis`cel*la"ne*ous*ness, n.

MISCELLANIST
Mis"cel*la*nist, n.

Defn: A writer of miscellanies; miscellanarian.

MISCELLANY
Mis"cel*la*ny, n.; pl. Miscellanies. Etym: [L. miscellanea, neut. pl.
of. miscellaneus: cf. F. miscellanée, pl. miscellanées. See
Miscellaneous.]

Defn: A mass or mixture of various things; a medley; esp., a
collection of compositions on various subjects.
'T is but a bundle or miscellany of sin; sins original, and sins
actual. Hewyt.
Miscellany madam, a woman who dealt in various fineries; a milliner.
[Obs.] B. Jonson.

MISCELLANY
Mis"cel*la*ny, a.

Defn: Miscellaneous; heterogeneous. [Obs.] Bacon.

MISCENSURE
Mis*cen"sure, v. t.

Defn: To misjudge. [Obs.] Daniel.
 -- n.

Defn: Erroneous judgment. [Obs.] Sylvester.

MISCHANCE
Mis*chance", n. Etym: [OE. meschance, OF. mescheance.]

Defn: Ill luck; ill fortune; mishap. Chaucer.
Never come mischance between us twain. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Calamity; misfortune; misadventure; mishap; infelicity; disaster.
See Calamity.

MISCHANCE
Mis*chance", v. i.

Defn: To happen by mischance. Spenser.

MISCHANCEFUL
Mis*chance"ful, a.

Defn: Unlucky. R. Browning.

MISCHARACTERIZE
Mis*char"ac*ter*ize, v. t.

Defn: To characterize falsely or erroneously; to give a wrong
character to.
They totally mischaracterize the action. Eton.

MISCHARGE
Mis*charge", v. t.

Defn: To charge erroneously, as in account.
 -- n.

Defn: A mistake in charging.

MISCHIEF
Mis"chief, n. Etym: [OE. meschef bad result, OF. meschief; pref. mes-
(L. minus less) + chief end, head, F. chef chief. See Minus, and
Chief.]

1. Harm; damage; esp., disarrangement of order; trouble or vexation
caused by human agency or by some living being, intentionally or not;
often, calamity, mishap; trivial evil caused by thoughtlessness, or
in sport. Chaucer.
Thy tongue deviseth mischiefs. Ps. lii. 2.
The practice whereof shall, I hope, secure me from many mischiefs.
Fuller.

2. Cause of trouble or vexation; trouble. Milton.
The mischief was, these allies would never allow that the common
enemy was subdued. Swift.
To be in mischief, to be doing harm or causing annoyance.
 -- To make mischief, to do mischief, especially by exciting
quarrels.
 -- To play the mischief, to cause great harm; to throw into
confusion. [Colloq.]

Syn.
 -- Damage; harm; hurt; injury; detriment; evil; ill.
 -- Mischief, Damage, Harm. Damage is an injury which diminishes the
value of a thing; harm is an injury which causes trouble or
inconvenience; mischief is an injury which disturbs the order and
consistency of things. We often suffer damage or harm from accident,
but mischief always springs from perversity or folly.

MISCHIEF
Mis"chief, v. t.

Defn: To do harm to. [Obs.] Milton.

MISCHIEFABLE
Mis"chief*a*ble, a.

Defn: Mischievous. [R.] Lydgate.

MISCHIEFFUL
Mis"chief*ful, a.

Defn: Mischievous. [Obs.] Foote.

MISCHIEF-MAKER
Mis"chief-mak`er, n.

Defn: One who makes mischief; one who excites or instigates quarrels
or enmity.

MISCHIEF-MAKING
Mis"chief-mak`ing, a.

Defn: Causing harm; exciting enmity or quarrels. Rowe.
 -- n.

Defn: The act or practice of making mischief, inciting quarrels, etc.

MISCHIEVOUS
Mis"chie*vous, a.

Defn: Causing mischief; harmful; hurtful; -- now often applied where
the evil is done carelessly or in sport; as, a mischievous child.
"Most mischievous foul sin." Shak.
This false, wily, doubling disposition is intolerably mischievous to
society. South.

Syn.
 -- Harmful; hurtful; detrimental; noxious; pernicious; destructive.
 -- Mis"chie*vous*ly, adv.
 -- Mis"chie*vous*ness, n.

MISCHNA
Misch"na, n.

Defn: See Mishna.

MISCHNIC
Misch"nic, a.

Defn: See Mishnic.

MISCHOOSE
Mis*choose", v. t. [imp. Mischose; p. p. Mischosen; p. pr. & vb. n.
Mischoosing.]

Defn: To choose wrongly. Milton.

MISCHOOSE
Mis*choose", v. i.

Defn: To make a wrong choice.

MISCHRISTEN
Mis*chris"ten, v. t.

Defn: To christen wrongly.

MISCIBILITY
Mis`ci*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. miscibilité.]

Defn: Capability of being mixed.

MISCIBLE
Mis"ci*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. miscible, fr. L. miscere to mix.]

Defn: Capable of being mixed; mixable; as, water and alcohol are
miscible in all proportions. Burke.

MISCITATION
Mis`ci*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Erroneous citation.

MISCITE
Mis*cite", v. t.

Defn: To cite erroneously.

MISCLAIM
Mis*claim", n.

Defn: A mistaken claim.

MISCOGNIZANT
Mis*cog"ni*zant, a. (Law)

Defn: Not cognizant; ignorant; not knowing.

MISCOGNIZE
Mis*cog"nize, v. t.

Defn: To fail to apprehend; to misunderstand. [Obs.] Holland.

MISCOLLOCATION
Mis*col`lo*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Wrong collocation. De Quincey.

MISCOLOR
Mis*col"or, v. t.

Defn: To give a wrong color to; figuratively, to set forth
erroneously or unfairly; as, to miscolor facts. C. Kingsley.

MISCOMFORT
Mis*com"fort, n.

Defn: Discomfort. [Obs.]

MISCOMPREHEND
Mis*com`pre*hend", v. t.

Defn: To get a wrong idea of or about; to misunderstand.

MISCOMPUTATION
Mis*com`pu*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Erroneous computation; false reckoning.

MISCOMPUTE
Mis`com*pute", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Miscount.]

Defn: To compute erroneously. Sir T. Browne.

MISCONCEIT
Mis`con*ceit", n.

Defn: Misconception. [Obs.]

MISCONCEIVE
Mis`con*ceive", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Misconceived; p. pr. & vb.
n. Misconceiving.]

Defn: To conceive wrongly; to interpret incorrectly; to receive a
false notion of; to misjudge; to misapprehend.
Those things which, for want of due consideration heretofore, they
have misconceived. Hooker.

Syn.
 -- To misapprehend; misunderstand; mistake.

MISCONCEIVER
Mis`con*ceiv"er, n.

Defn: One who misconceives.

MISCONCEPTION
Mis`con*cep"tion, n.

Defn: Erroneous conception; false opinion; wrong understanding.
Harvey.

MISCONCLUSION
Mis`con*clu"sion, n.

Defn: An erroneous inference or conclusion. Bp. Hall.

MISCONDUCT
Mis*con"duct, n.

Defn: Wrong conduct; bad behavior; mismanagement. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Misbehavior; misdemeanor; mismanagement; misdeed; delinquency;
offense.

MISCONDUCT
Mis`con*duct", v. t.

Defn: To conduct amiss; to mismanage. Johnson. To misconduct one's
self, to behave improperly.

MISCONDUCT
Mis`con*duct", v. i.

Defn: To behave amiss.

MISCONFIDENT
Mis*con"fi*dent, a.

Defn: Having a mistaken confidence; wrongly trusting. [R.] Bp. Hall.

MISCONJECTURE
Mis`con*jec"ture, n.

Defn: A wrong conjecture or guess. Sir T. Browne.

MISCONJECTURE
Mis`con*jec"ture, v. t. & i.

Defn: To conjecture wrongly.

MISCONSECRATE
Mis*con"se*crate, v. t.

Defn: To consecrate amiss. "Misconsecrated flags." Bp. Hall.

MISCONSECRATION
Mis*con`se*cra"tion, n.

Defn: Wrong consecration.

MISCONSEQUENCE
Mis*con"se*quence, n.

Defn: A wrong consequence; a false deduction.

MISCONSTRUABLE
Mis*con"stru*a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be misconstrued, as language or conduct. R. North.

MISCONSTRUCT
Mis`con*struct", v. t.

Defn: To construct wrongly; to construe or interpret erroneously.

MISCONSTRUCTION
Mis`con*struc"tion, n.

Defn: Erroneous construction; wrong interpretation. Bp.
Stillingfleet.

MISCONSTRUE
Mis*con"strue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Misconstrued; p. pr. & vb. n.
Misconstruing.]

Defn: To construe wrongly; to interpret erroneously.
Do not, great sir, misconstrue his intent. Dryden.
Much afflicted to find his actions misconstrued. Addison.

MISCONSTRUER
Mis*con"stru*er, n.

Defn: One who misconstrues.

MISCONTENT
Mis`con*tent", a.

Defn: Discontent. [Obs.]

MISCONTINUANCE
Mis`con*tin"u*ance, n. (Law)

Defn: Discontinuance; also, continuance by undue process.

MISCOPY
Mis*copy", v. t.

Defn: To copy amiss.

MISCOPY
Mis*copy", n.

Defn: A mistake in copying. North Am. Rev.

MISCORRECT
Mis`cor*rect", v. t.

Defn: To fail or err in attempting to correct. "Scaliger miscorrects
his author." Dryden.

MISCOUNSEL
Mis*coun"sel, v. t.

Defn: To counsel or advise wrongly.

MISCOUNT
Mis*count", v. t. & i. Etym: [Cf. OF. mesconter, F. mécompter. Cf.
Miscompute.]

Defn: To count erroneously.

MISCOUNT
Mis*count", n. Etym: [Cf. F. mécompte error, OF. mesconte.]

Defn: An erroneous counting.

MISCOVET
Mis*cov"et, v. t.

Defn: To covet wrongfully. [Obs.]

MISCREANCE; MISCREANCY
Mis"cre*ance, Mis"cre*an*cy, n. Etym: [OF. mescreance, F. mécréance
incredulity.]

Defn: The quality of being miscreant; adherence to a false religion;
false faith. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

MISCREANT
Mis"cre*ant, n. Etym: [OF. mescreant, F. mécréant; pref. mes- (L.
minus less) + p. pr. fr. L. credere to believe. See Creed.]

1. One who holds a false religious faith; a misbeliever. [Obs.]
Spenser. De Quincey.
Thou oughtest not to be slothful to the destruction of the
miscreants, but to constrain them to obey our Lord God. Rivers.

2. One not restrained by Christian principles; an unscrupulous
villain; a while wretch. Addison.

MISCREANT
Mis"cre*ant, a.

1. Holding a false religious faith.

2. Destitute of conscience; unscrupulous. Pope.

MISCREATE
Mis`cre*ate", a.

Defn: Miscreated; illegitimate; forged; as, miscreate titles. [Obs.
or Poet.] Shak.

MISCREATE
Mis`cre*ate", v. t.

Defn: To create badly or amiss.

MISCREATED
Mis`cre*at"ed, a.

Defn: Formed unnaturally or illegitimately; deformed. Spenser.
Milton.

MISCREATIVE
Mis`cre*a"tive, a.

Defn: Creating amiss. [R.]

MISCREDENT
Mis*cre"dent, n. Etym: [Pref. mis- + credent. Cf. Miscreant.]

Defn: A miscreant, or believer in a false religious doctrine. [Obs.]
Holinshed.

MISCREDULITY
Mis`cre*du"li*ty, n.

Defn: Wrong credulity or belief; misbelief. Bp. Hall.

MISCUE
Mis*cue", n. (Billiards)

Defn: A false stroke with a billiard cue, the cue slipping from the
ball struck without impelling it as desired.

MISDATE
Mis*date", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Misdated; p. pr. & vb. n. Misdating.]

Defn: To date erroneously. Young.

MISDEAL
Mis*deal", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Misdealt; p. pr. & vb. n.
Misdealing.]

Defn: To deal or distribute wrongly, as cards; to make a wrong
distribution.

MISDEAL
Mis*deal", n.

Defn: The act of misdealing; a wrong distribution of cards to the
players.

MISDEED
Mis*deed", n. Etym: [AS. misd. See Deed, n.]

Defn: An evil deed; a wicked action.
Evils which our own misdeeds have wrought. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Misconduct; misdemeanor; fault; offense; trespass; transgression;
crime.

MISDEEM
Mis*deem", v. t.

Defn: To misjudge. [Obs.] Milton.

MISDEMEAN
Mis`de*mean", v. t.

Defn: To behave ill; -- with a reflexive pronoun; as, to misdemean
one's self.

MISDEMEANANT
Mis`de*mean"ant, n.

Defn: One guilty of a misdemeanor. Sydney Smith.

MISDEMEANOR
Mis`de*mean"or, n.

1. Ill behavior; evil conduct; fault. Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: A crime less than a felony. Wharton.

Note: As a rule, in the old English law, offenses capitally
punishable were felonies; all other indictable offenses were
misdemeanors. In common usage, the word crime is employed to denote
the offenses of a deeper and more atrocious dye, while small faults
and omissions of less consequence are comprised under the gentler
name of misdemeanors. Blackstone. The distinction, however, between
felonies and misdemeanors is purely arbitrary, and is in most
jurisdictions either abrogated or so far reduced as to be without
practical value. Cf. Felony. Wharton.

Syn.
 -- Misdeed; misconduct; misbehavior; fault; trespass; transgression.

MISDEMPT
Mis*dempt", obs. p. p.

Defn: of Misdeem. Spenser.

MISDEPART
Mis`de*part", v. t.

Defn: To distribute wrongly. [Obs.]
He misdeparteth riches temporal. Chaucer.

MISDERIVE
Mis`de*rive", v. t.

1. To turn or divert improperly; to misdirect. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

2. To derive erroneously.

MISDESCRIBE
Mis`de*scribe", v. t.

Defn: To describe wrongly.

MISDESERT
Mis`de*sert", n.

Defn: Ill desert. [Obs.] Spenser.

MISDEVOTION
Mis`de*vo"tion, n.

Defn: Mistaken devotion.

MISDIET
Mis*di"et, n.

Defn: Improper. [Obs.] Spenser.

MISDIET
Mis*di"et, v. t.

Defn: To diet improperly.

MISDIGHT
Mis*dight", a.

Defn: Arrayed, prepared, or furnished, unsuitably. [Archaic] Bp.
Hall.

MISDIRECT
Mis`di*rect", v. t.

Defn: To give a wrong direction to; as, to misdirect a passenger, or
a letter; to misdirect one's energies. Shenstone.

MISDIRECTION
Mis`di*rec"tion, n.

1. The act of directing wrongly, or the state of being so directed.

2. (Law)

Defn: An error of a judge in charging the jury on a matter of law.
Mozley & W.

MISDISPOSITION
Mis*dis`po*si"tion, n.

Defn: Erroneous disposal or application. Bp. Hall.

MISDISTINGUISH
Mis`dis*tin"guish, v. t.

Defn: To make wrong distinctions in or concerning. Hooker.

MISDIVIDE
Mis`di*vide", v. t.

Defn: To divide wrongly.

MISDIVISION
Mis`di*vi"sion, n.

Defn: Wrong division.

MISDO
Mis*do", v. t. [imp. Misdid; p. p. Misdone; p. pr. & vb. n.
Misdoing.] Etym: [AS. misd. See Do, v.]

1. To do wrongly.
Afford me place to show what recompense To wards thee I intend for
what I have misdone. Milton.

2. To do wrong to; to illtreat. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MISDO
Mis*do", v. i.

Defn: To do wrong; to commit a fault.
I have misdone, and I endure the smart. Dryden.

MISDOER
Mis*do"er, n.

Defn: A wrongdoer. Spenser.

MISDOING
Mis*do"ing, n.

Defn: A wrong done; a fault or crime; an offense; as, it was my
misdoing.

MISDOUBT
Mis*doubt", v. t. & i.

Defn: To be suspicious of; to have suspicion. [Obs.]
I do not misdoubt my wife. Shak.

MISDOUBT
Mis*doubt", n.

1. Suspicion. [Obs.]

2. Irresolution; hesitation. [Obs.] Shak.

MISDOUBTFUL
Mis*doubt"ful, a

Defn: Misgiving; hesitating. [Obs.] "Her misdoubtful mind." Spenser.

MISDREAD
Mis*dread", n.

Defn: Dread of evil. [Obs.]

MISE
Mise, n. Etym: [F. mise a putting, setting, expense, fr. mis, mise,
p. p. of mettre to put, lay, fr. LL. mittere to send.]

1. (Law)

Defn: The issue in a writ of right.

2. Expense; cost; disbursement. [Obs.]

3. A tax or tallage; in Wales, an honorary gift of the people to a
new king or prince of Wales; also, a tribute paid, in the country
palatine of Chester, England, at the change of the owner of the
earldom. [Obs.]

MISEASE
Mis*ease", n. Etym: [OE. mesaise, OF. mesaise.]

Defn: Want of ease; discomfort; misery. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MISEASED
Mis*eased", a.

Defn: Having discomfort or misery; troubled. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MISEASY
Mis*eas"y, a.

Defn: Not easy; painful. [Obs.]

MISEDITION
Mis`e*di"tion, n.

Defn: An incorrect or spurious edition. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

MISEDUCATE
Mis*ed"u*cate, v. t.

Defn: To educate in a wrong manner.

MISEMPLOY
Mis`em*ploy", v. t.

Defn: To employ amiss; as, to misemploy time, advantages, talents,
etc.
Their frugal father's gains they misemploy. Dryden.

MISEMPLOYMENT
Mis`em*ploy"ment, n.

Defn: Wrong or mistaken employment. Johnson.

MISENTER
Mis*en"ter, v. t.

Defn: To enter or insert wrongly, as a charge in an account.

MISENTREAT
Mis`en*treat", v. t.

Defn: To treat wrongfully. [Obs.] Grafton.

MISENTRY
Mis*en"try, n.

Defn: An erroneous entry or charge, as of an account.

MISER
Mi"ser, n. Etym: [L. miser wretched, miserable; cf. Gr. misero
wretched, avaricious.]

1. A wretched person; a person afflicted by any great misfortune.
[Obs.] Spenser.
The woeful words of a miser now despairing. Sir P. Sidney.

2. A despicable person; a wretch. [Obs.] Shak.

3. A covetous, grasping, mean person; esp., one having wealth, who
lives miserably for the sake of saving and increasing his hoard.
As some lone miser, visiting his store, Bends at his treasure,
counts, recounts it o'er. Goldsmith.

4. A kind of large earth auger. Knight.

MISERABLE
Mis"er*a*ble, a. Etym: [F. misérable, L. miserabilis, fr. miserari to
lament, pity, fr. miser wretched. See Miser.]

1. Very unhappy; wretched.
What hopes delude thee, miserable man Dryden.

2. Causing unhappiness or misery.
What 's more miserable than discontent Shak.

3. Worthless; mean; despicable; as, a miserable fellow; a miserable
dinner.
Miserable comforters are ye all. Job xvi. 2.

4. Avaricious; niggardly; miserly. [Obs.] Hooker.

Syn.
 -- Abject; forlorn; pitiable; wretched.

MISERABLE
Mis"er*a*ble, n.

Defn: A miserable person. [Obs.] Sterne.

MISERABLENESS
Mis"er*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being miserable.

MISERABLY
Mis"er*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a miserable; unhappily; calamitously; wretchedly; meanly.
They were miserably entertained. Sir P. Sidney.
The fifth was miserably stabbed to death. South.

MISERATION
Mis`er*a"tion, n.

Defn: Commiseration. [Obs.]

MISERERE
Mis`e*re"re, n. Etym: [L., have mercy, fr. misereri to have mercy,
fr. miser. See Miser.]

1. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The psalm usually appointed for penitential acts, being the
50th psalm in the Latin version. It commences with the word miserere.

2. A musical composition adapted to the 50th psalm.
Where only the wind signs miserere. Lowell.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A small projecting boss or bracket, on the under side of the
hinged seat of a church stall (see Stall). It was intended, the seat
being turned up, to give some support to a worshiper when standing.
Called also misericordia.

4. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Ileus.

MISERICORDE
Mis"er*i*corde", n. Etym: [F. miséricorde. See Misericordia.]

1. Compassion; pity; mercy. [Obs.]

2. (Anc. Armor.)

Defn: Same as Misericordia, 2.

MISERICORDIA
Mis`e*ri*cor"di*a, n. Etym: [L., mercy, compassion; miser wretched +
cor, cordis, heart.]

1. (O. Law)

Defn: An amercement. Burrill.

2. (Anc. Armor.)

Defn: A thin-bladed dagger; so called, in the Middle Ages, because
used to give the death wound or "mercy" stroke to a fallen adversary.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: An indulgence as to food or dress granted to a member of a
religious order. Shipley.

MISERLY
Mi"ser*ly, a. Etym: [From Miser.]

Defn: Like a miser; very covetous; sordid; niggardly.

Syn.
 -- Avaricious; niggardly; sordid; parsimonious; penurious; covetous;
stingy; mean. See Avaricious.

MISERY
Mi"ser*y, n.; pl. Miseries. Etym: [OE. miserie, L. miseria, fr. miser
wretched: cf. F. misère, OF. also, miserie.]

1. Great unhappiness; extreme pain of body or mind; wretchedness;
distress; woe. Chaucer.
Destruction and misery are in their ways. Rom. iii. 16.

2. Cause of misery; calamity; misfortune.
When we our betters see bearing our woes, We scarcely think our
miseries our foes. Shak.

3. Covetousness; niggardliness; avarice. [Obs.]

Syn.
 -- Wretchedness; torture; agony; torment; anguish; distress;
calamity; misfortune.

MISESTEEM
Mis`es*teem", n. Etym: [Cf. F. mésestime.]

Defn: Want of esteem; disrespect. Johnson.

MISESTIMATE
Mis*es"ti*mate, v. t.

Defn: To estimate erroneously. J. S. Mill.

MISEXPLANATION
Mis*ex`pla*na"tion, n.

Defn: An erroneous explanation.

MISEXPLICATION
Mis*ex`pli*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Wrong explication.

MISEXPOSITION
Mis*ex`po*si"tion, n.

Defn: Wrong exposition.

MISEXPOUND
Mis`ex*pound", v. t.

Defn: To expound erroneously.

MISEXPRESSION
Mis`ex*pres"sion, n.

Defn: Wrong expression.

MISFAITH
Mis*faith", n.

Defn: Want of faith; distrust. "[Anger] born of your misfaith."
Tennyson.

MISFALL
Mis*fall", v. t. [imp. Misfell; p. p. Misfallen (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Misfalling.]

Defn: To befall, as ill luck; to happen to unluckily. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MISFARE
Mis*fare", v. i. Etym: [AS. misfaran.]

Defn: To fare ill. [Obs.] -- n.

Defn: Misfortune. [Obs.] Spenser.

MISFASHION
Mis*fash"ion, v. t.

Defn: To form wrongly.

MISFEASANCE
Mis*fea"sance, n. Etym: [OF. pref. mes- wrong (L. minus less) +
faisance doing, fr. faire to do, L. facere. Cf. Malfeasance.] (Law)

Defn: A trespass; a wrong done; the improper doing of an act which a
person might lawfully do. Bouvier. Wharton.

MISFEATURE
Mis*fea"ture, n.

Defn: Ill feature. [R.] Keats.

MISFEELING
Mis*feel"ing, a.

Defn: Insensate. [Obs.] Wyclif.

MISFEIGN
Mis*feign", v. i.

Defn: To feign with an evil design. [Obs.] Spenser.

MISFIT
Mis*fit", n.

1. The act or the state of fitting badly; as, a misfit in making a
coat; a ludicrous misfit.

2. Something that fits badly, as a garment.
I saw an uneasy change in Mr. Micawber, which sat tightly on him, as
if his new duties were a misfit. Dickens.

MISFORM
Mis*form", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Misformed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Misforming.]

Defn: To make in an ill form. Spenser.

MISFORMATION
Mis`for*ma"tion, n.

Defn: Malformation.

MISFORTUNATE
Mis*for"tu*nate, a.

Defn: Producing misfortune. [Obs.]

MISFORTUNE
Mis*for"tune, n.

Defn: Bad fortune or luck; calamity; an evil accident; disaster;
mishap; mischance.
Consider why the change was wrought, You 'll find his misfortune, not
his fault. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Calamity; mishap; mischance; misadventure; ill; harm; disaster.
See Calamity.

MISFORTUNE
Mis*for"tune, v. i.

Defn: To happen unluckily or unfortunately; to miscarry; to fail.
[Obs.] Stow.

MISFORTUNED
Mis*for"tuned, a.

Defn: Unfortunate. [Obs.]

MISFRAME
Mis*frame", v. t.

Defn: To frame wrongly.

MISGET
Mis*get", v. t.

Defn: To get wrongfully. [Obs.]

MISGIE
Mis*gie", v. t.

Defn: See Misgye. [Obs.]

MISGIVE
Mis*give", v. t. [imp. Misgave; p. p. Misgiven; p. pr. & vb. n.
Misgiving.]

1. To give or grant amiss. [Obs.] Laud.

2. Specifically: To give doubt and apprehension to, instead of
confidence and courage; to impart fear to; to make irresolute; --
usually said of the mind or heart, and followed by the objective
personal pronoun.
So doth my heart misgive me in these conflicts What may befall him,
to his harm and ours. Shak.
Such whose consciences misgave them, how ill they had deserved.
Milton.

3. To suspect; to dread. [Obs.] Shak.

MISGIVE
Mis*give", v. i.

Defn: To give out doubt and apprehension; to be fearful or
irresolute. "My mind misgives." Shak.

MISGIVING
Mis*giv"ing, n.

Defn: Evil premonition; doubt; distrust. "Suspicious and misgivings."
South.

MISGO
Mis*go", v. i.

Defn: To go astray. Spenser.

MISGOTTEN
Mis*got"ten, a.

Defn: Unjustly gotten. Spenser.

MISGOVERN
Mis*gov"ern, v. t.

Defn: To govern ill; as, to misgovern a country. Knolles.

MISGOVERNANCE
Mis*gov"ern*ance, n.

Defn: Misgovernment; misconduct; misbehavior. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Spenser.

MISGOVERNED
Mis*gov"erned, a.

Defn: Ill governed, as a people; ill directed. "Rude, misgoverned
hands." Shak.

MISGOVERNMENT
Mis*gov"ern*ment, n.

Defn: Bad government; want of government. Shak.

MISGRACIOUS
Mis*gra"cious, a.

Defn: Not gracious. [Obs.]

MISGRAFF
Mis*graff", v. t.

Defn: To misgraft. [Obs.] Shak.

MISGRAFT
Mis*graft", v. t.

Defn: To graft wrongly.

MISGROUND
Mis*ground", v. t.

Defn: To found erroneously. "Misgrounded conceit." Bp. Hall.

MISGROWTH
Mis*growth", n.

Defn: Bad growth; an unnatural or abnormal growth.

MISGUESS
Mis*guess", v. t. & i.

Defn: To guess wrongly.

MISGUIDANCE
Mis*guid"ance, n.

Defn: Wrong guidance.

MISGUIDE
Mis*guide", v. t.

Defn: To guide wrongly; to lead astray; as, to misguide the
understanding.

MISGUIDE
Mis*guide", n.

Defn: Misguidance; error. [Obs.] Spenser.

MISGUIDING
Mis*guid"ing, a.

Defn: Misleading.
 -- Mis*guid"ing*ly, adv.

MISGYE
Mis*gye", v. t.

Defn: To misguide. [Obs.]

MISHANDLE
Mis*han"dle, v. t.

Defn: To handle ill or wrongly; to maltreat.

MISHAP
Mis*hap", n.

Defn: Evil accident; ill luck; misfortune; mischance. Chaucer.
Secure from worldly chances and mishaps. Shak.

MISHAP
Mis*hap", v. i.

Defn: To happen unluckily; -- used impersonally. [Obs.] "If that me
mishap." Chaucer.

MISHAPPEN
Mis*hap"pen, v. i.

Defn: To happen ill or unluckily. Spenser.

MISHAPPY
Mis*hap"py, a.

Defn: Unhappy. [Obs.]

MISHCUP
Mish*cup", n. Etym: [See Scup.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The scup. [Local, U. S.]

MISHEAR
Mis*hear", v. t. & i.

Defn: To hear incorrectly.

MISHMASH
Mish"mash`, n. Etym: [Cf. G. mish-mash, fr. mischen to mix.]

Defn: A hotchpotch. Sir T. Herbert.

MISHNA
Mish"na, n. Etym: [NHeb. mishnah, i. e., repetition, doubling,
explanation (of the divine law), fr. Heb. shanah to change, to
repeat.]

Defn: A collection or digest of Jewish traditions and explanations of
Scripture, forming the text of the Talmud. [Written also Mischna.]

MISHNIC
Mish"nic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Mishna.

MISIMAGINATION
Mis`im*ag`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: Wrong imagination; delusion. Bp. Hall.

MISIMPROVE
Mis`im*prove", v. t.

Defn: To use for a bad purpose; to abuse; to misuse; as, to
misimprove time, talents, advantages, etc. South.

MISIMPROVEMENT
Mis`im*prove"ment, n.

Defn: Ill use or employment; use for a bad purpose.

MISINCLINE
Mis"in*cline", v. t.

Defn: To cause to have a wrong inclination or tendency; to affect
wrongly.

MISINFER
Mis`in*fer", v. t.

Defn: To infer incorrectly.

MISINFORM
Mis`in*form", v. t.

Defn: To give untrue information to; to inform wrongly.

MISINFORM
Mis`in*form", v. i.

Defn: To give untrue information; (with against) to calumniate. [R.]
Bp. Montagu.

MISINFORMANT
Mis`in*form"ant, n.

Defn: A misinformer.

MISINFORMATION
Mis*in`for*ma"tion, n.

Defn: Untrue or incorrect information. Bacon.

MISINFORMER
Mis`in*form"er, n.

Defn: One who gives or incorrect information.

MISINSTRUCT
Mis`in*struct", v. t.

Defn: To instruct amiss.

MISINSTRUCTION
Mis`in*struc"tion, n.

Defn: Wrong or improper instruction.

MISINTELLIGENCE
Mis`in*tel"li*gence, n.

1. Wrong information; misinformation.

2. Disagreement; misunderstanding. [Obs.]

MISINTEND
Mis`in*tend", v. t.

Defn: To aim amiss. [Obs.]

MISINTERPRET
Mis`in*ter"pret, v. t.

Defn: To interpret erroneously; to understand or to explain in a
wrong sense.

MISINTERPRETABLE
Mis`in*ter"pret*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being misinterpreted; liable to be misunderstood.

MISINTERPRETATION
Mis`in*ter"pre*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of interpreting erroneously; a mistaken interpretation.

MISINTERPRETER
Mis`in*ter"pret*er, n.

Defn: One who interprets erroneously.

MISJOIN
Mis*join", v. t.

Defn: To join unfitly or improperly.

MISJOINDER
Mis*join"der, n. (Law)

Defn: An incorrect union of parties or of causes of action in a
procedure, criminal or civil. Wharton.

MISJUDGE
Mis*judge", v. t. & i.

Defn: To judge erroneously or unjustly; to err in judgment; to
misconstrue.

MISJUDGMENT
Mis*judg"ment, n. Etym: [Written also misjudgement.]

Defn: A wrong or unjust judgment.

MISKEEP
Mis*keep", v. t.

Defn: To keep wrongly. Chaucer.

MISKEN
Mis*ken", v. t.

Defn: Not to know. [Obs.]

MISKIN
Mis"kin, n. Etym: [Prob. for music + -kin.] (Mus.)

Defn: A little bagpipe. [Obs.] Drayton.

MISKINDLE
Mis*kin"dle, v. t.

Defn: To kindle amiss; to inflame to a bad purpose; to excite
wrongly.

MISKNOW
Mis*know", v. t.

Defn: To have a mistaken notion of or about. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

MISLACTATION
Mis`lac*ta"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: Defective flow or vitiated condition of the milk.

MISLAY
Mis*lay", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mislaid; p. pr. & vb. n. Mislaying.]

1. To lay in a wrong place; to ascribe to a wrong source.
The fault is generally mislaid upon nature. Locke.

2. To lay in a place not recollected; to lose.
The... charter, indeed, was unfortunately mislaid: and the prayer of
their petition was to obtain one of like import in its stead. Hallam.

MISLAYER
Mis*lay"er, n.

Defn: One who mislays.

MISLE
Mi"sle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Misled; p. pr. & vb. n. Misling.] Etym:
[Prop. mistle, fr. mist. Cf. Mistle, Mizzle.]

Defn: To rain in very fine drops, like a thick mist; to mizzle.

MISLE
Mi"sle, n.

Defn: A fine rain; a thick mist; mizzle.

MISLEAD
Mis*lead", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Misled; p. pr. & vb. n. Misleading.]
Etym: [AS. misl. See Mis-, and Lead to conduct.]

Defn: To lead into a wrong way or path; to lead astray; to guide into
error; to cause to mistake; to deceive.
Trust not servants who mislead or misinform you. Bacon.
To give due light To the mislead and lonely traveler. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To delude; deceive. See Deceive.

MISLEADER
Mis*lead"er, n.

Defn: One who leads into error.

MISLEADING
Mis*lead"ing, a.

Defn: Leading astray; delusive.

MISLEARN
Mis*learn", v. t.

Defn: To learn wrongly.

MISLED
Mis*led", imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Mislead.

MISLEN
Mis"len, n.

Defn: See Maslin.

MISLETOE
Mis"le*toe, n.

Defn: See Mistletoe.

MISLIGHT
Mis*light", v. t.

Defn: To deceive or lead astray with a false light. Herrick.

MISLIKE
Mis*like", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Misliked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Misliking.] Etym: [AS. mislician to displease. See Like, v.]

Defn: To dislike; to disapprove of; to have aversion to; as, to
mislike a man.
Who may like or mislike what he says. I. Taylor.

MISLIKE
Mis*like", n.

Defn: Dislike; disapprobation; aversion.

MISLIKER
Mis*lik"er, n.

Defn: One who dislikes.

MISLIKING
Mis*lik"ing, n.

Defn: Dislike; aversion.

MISLIN
Mis"lin, n. & a.

Defn: See Maslin.

MISLIVE
Mis*live", v. i.

Defn: To live amiss.

MISLODGE
Mis*lodge", v. t.

Defn: To lodge amiss. [Obs.]

MISLUCK
Mis*luck", n.

Defn: Ill luck; misfortune.

MISLY
Mis"ly, a.

Defn: Raining in very small drops.

MISMAKE
Mis*make", v. t.

Defn: To make or form amiss; to spoil in making. "Limping
possibilities of mismade human nature." Mrs. Browning.

MISMAKE
Mis*make" (mis*mak"), v. t.

Defn: To make or form amiss; to spoil in making. "Limping
possibilities of mismade human nature."  Mrs. Browning.

MISMANAGE
Mis*man"age, v. t. & i.

Defn: To manage ill or improperly; as, to mismanage public affairs.

MISMANAGEMENT
Mis*man"age*ment, n.

Defn: Wrong or bad management; as, he failed through mismagement.

MISMANAGER
Mis*man"a*ger, n.

Defn: One who manages ill.

MISMARK
Mis*mark", v. t.

Defn: To mark wrongly.

MISMATCH
Mis*match", v. t.

Defn: To match unsuitably.

MISMATE
Mis*mate", v. t.

Defn: To mate wrongly or unsuitably; as, to mismate gloves or shoes;
a mismated couple.

MISMEASURE
Mis*meas"ure, v. t.

Defn: To measure or estimate incorrectly.

MISMEASUREMENT
Mis*meas"ure*ment, n.

Defn: Wrong measurement.

MISMETER
Mis*me"ter, v. t.

Defn: To give the wrong meter to, as to a line of verse. [R.]
Chaucer.

MISNAME
Mis*name", v. t.

Defn: To call by the wrong name; to give a wrong or inappropriate
name to.

MISNOMER
Mis*no"mer, n. Etym: [OF. pref. mes- amiss, wrong (L. minus less) +
F. nommer to name, L. nominare, fr. nomen name. See Name.]

Defn: The misnaming of a person in a legal instrument, as in a
complaint or indictment; any misnaming of a person or thing; a wrong
or inapplicable name or title.
Many of the changes, by a great misnomer, called parliamentary
"reforms". Burke.
The word "synonym" is fact a misnomer. Whatel

MISNOMER
Mis*no"mer, v. t.

Defn: To misname. [R.]

MISNUMBER
Mis*num"ber, v. t.

Defn: To number wrongly.

MISNURTURE
Mis*nur"ture, v. t.

Defn: To nurture or train wrongly; as, to misnurture children. Bp.
Hall.

MISOBEDIENCE
Mis`o*be"di*ence, n.

Defn: Mistaken obedience; disobedience. [Obs.] Milton.

MISOBSERVE
Mis`ob*serve", v. t.

Defn: To observe inaccurately; to mistake in observing. Locke.

MISOBSERVER
Mis`ob*serv"er, n.

Defn: One who misobserves; one who fails to observe properly.

MISOGAMIST
Mi*sog"a*mist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A hater of marriage.

MISOGAMY
Mi*sog"a*my, n. Etym: [Cf. F. misogamie.]

Defn: Hatre

MISOGYNIST
Mi*sog"y*nist, n. Etym: [Gr. misogyne.]

Defn: A woman hater. Fuller.

MISOGYNOUS
Mi*sog"y*nous, a.

Defn: Hating women.

MISOGYNY
Mi*sog"y*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. misogynie.]

Defn: Hatred of women. Johnson.

MISOLOGY
Mi*sol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Hatred of argument or discussion; hatred of enlightenment. G.
H. Lewes.

MISOPINION
Mis`o*pin"ion, n.

Defn: Wrong opinion. [Obs.]

MISORDER
Mis*or"der, v. t.

Defn: To order ill; to manage erroneously; to conduct badly. [Obs.]
Shak.

MISORDER
Mis*or"der, n.

Defn: Irregularity; disorder. [Obs.] Camden.

MISORDERLY
Mis*or"der*ly, a.

Defn: Irregular; disorderly. [Obs.]

MISORDINATION
Mis*or`di*na"tion, n.

Defn: Wrong ordination.

MISOTHEISM
Mis"o*the`ism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Hatred of God. De Quincey.

MISPAINT
Mis*paint", v. t.

Defn: To paint ill, or wrongly.

MISPASSION
Mis*pas"sion, n.

Defn: Wrong passion or feeling. [Obs.]

MISPAY
Mis*pay", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Appay.]

Defn: To dissatisfy. [Obs.]

MISPELL; MISPEND
Mis*pell", v. t., Mis*pend" (, v. t., etc.

Defn: See Misspell, Misspend, etc.

MISPENSE
Mis*pense", n.

Defn: See Misspense. Bp. Hall.

MISPERCEPTION
Mis`per*cep"tion, n.

Defn: Erroneous perception.

MISPERSUADE
Mis`per*suade", v. t.

Defn: To persuade amiss.

MISPERSUASION
Mis`per*sua"sion, n.

Defn: A false persuasion; wrong notion or opinion. Dr. H. More.

MISPICKEL
Mis*pick"el, n. Etym: [G.] (Min.)

Defn: Arsenical iron pyrites; arsenopyrite.

MISPLACE
Mis*place", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Misplaced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Misplacing.]

Defn: To put in a wrong place; to set or place on an improper or
unworthy object; as, he misplaced his confidence.

MISPLACEMENT
Mis*place"ment, n.

Defn: The act of misplacing, or the state of being misplaced.

MISPLEAD
Mis*plead", v. i.

Defn: To err in pleading.

MISPLEADING
Mis*plead"ing, n. (Law)

Defn: An error in pleading.

MISPOINT
Mis*point", v. t.

Defn: To point improperly; to punctuate wrongly.

MISPOLICY
Mis*pol"i*cy, n.

Defn: Wrong policy; impolicy.

MISPRACTICE
Mis*prac"tice, n.

Defn: Wrong practice.

MISPRAISE
Mis*praise", v. t.

Defn: To praise amiss.

MISPRINT
Mis*print", v. t.

Defn: To print wrong.

MISPRINT
Mis*print", n.

Defn: A mistake in printing; a deviation from the copy; as, a book
full of misprints.

MISPRISE
Mis*prise", v. t.

Defn: See Misprize. [Obs.] Shak.

MISPRISE
Mis*prise", v. t. Etym: [OF. mesprise mistake, F. méprise, fr.
mespris, masc., mesprise, fem., p. p. of mesprendre to mistake; F.
méprendre; pref. mes- amiss + prendre to take, L. prehendere.]

Defn: To mistake. [Obs.] Shak.

MISPRISION
Mis*pri"sion, n. Etym: [LL. misprisio, or OF. mesprison, prop., a
mistaking, but confused with OF. mespris contempt, F. mépris. See 2d
Misprise, Misprize, Prison.]

1. The act of misprising; misapprehension; misconception; mistake.
[Archaic] Fuller.
The misprision of this passage has aided in fostering the delusive
notion. Hare.

2. Neglect; undervaluing; contempt. [Obs.] Shak.

3. (Law)

Defn: A neglect, negligence, or contempt.

Note: In its larger and older sense it was used to signify "every
considerable misdemeanor which has not a certain name given to it in
the law." Russell. In a more modern sense it is applied exclusively
to two offenses: --1. Misprision of treason, which is omission to
notify the authorities of an act of treason by a person cognizant
thereof. Stephen. 2. Misprision of felony, which is a concealment of
a felony by a person cognizant thereof. Stephen.

MISPRIZE
Mis*prize", v. t. Etym: [OF. mesprisier to deprise, F. mépriser;
pref. amiss, wrong (L. minus less + LL. pretium price. See price,
Prize, v.]

Defn: To slight or undervalue.
O, for those vanished hours, so much misprized! Hillhouse.
I do not blame them, madam, nor misprize. Mrs. Browning.

MISPROCEEDING
Mis`pro*ceed"ing, n.

Defn: Wrong or irregular proceding.

MISPROFESS
Mis`pro*fess", v. i.

Defn: To make a false profession; to make pretensions to skill which
is not possessed.

MISPROFESS
Mis`pro*fess", v. t.

Defn: To make a false profession of.

MISPRONOUNCE
Mis`pro*nounce", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Mispronounced; p. pr. & vb.
n. Mispronouncing.]

Defn: To pronounce incorrectly.

MISPRONUNCIATION
Mis`pro*nun`ci*a"tion ( or ), n.

Defn: Wrong or improper pronunciation.

MISPROPORTION
Mis`pro*por"tion, v. t.

Defn: To give wrong proportions to; to join without due proportion.

MISPROUD
Mis*proud", a.

Defn: Viciously proud. [Obs.] Shak.

MISPUNCTUATE
Mis*punc"tu*ate, v. t.

Defn: To punctuate wrongly or incorrectly.

MISQUOTATION
Mis`quo*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Erroneous or inaccurate quotation.

MISQUOTE
Mis*quote", v. t. & i.

Defn: To quote erroneously or incorrectly. Shak.

MISRAISE
Mis*raise", v. t.

Defn: To raise or exite unreasonable. "Misraised fury." Bp. Hall.

MISRATE
Mis*rate", v. t.

Defn: To rate erroneously.

MISREAD
Mis*read", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Misread; p. pr. & vb. n. Misreading.]

Defn: To read amiss; to misunderstand in reading.

MISRECEIVE
Mis`re*ceive", v. t.

Defn: To receive wrongly.

MISRECITAL
Mis`re*cit"al, n.

Defn: An inaccurate recital.

MISRECITE
Mis`re*cite", v. t. & i.

Defn: To recite erroneously.

MISRECKON
Mis*reck"on, v. t. & i.

Defn: To reckon wrongly; to miscalculate. Swift.

MISRECKONING
Mis*reck"on*ing, n.

Defn: An erroneous computation.

MISRECOLLECT
Mis*rec`ol*lect", v. t. & i.

Defn: To have an erroneous remembrance of; to suppose erroneously
that one recollects. Hitchcock.

MISRECOLLECTION
Mis*rec`ol*lec"tion, n.

Defn: Erroneous or inaccurate recollection.

MISREFORM
Mis`re*form", v. t.

Defn: To reform wrongly or imperfectly.

MISREGARD
Mis`re*gard", n.

Defn: Wrong understanding; misconstruction. [Obs.] Spenser.

MISREGULATE
Mis*reg"u*late, v. t.

Defn: To regulate wrongly or imperfectly; to fail to regulate.

MISREHEARSE
Mis`re*hearse", v. t.

Defn: To rehearse or quote incorrectly. Sir T. More.

MISRELATE
Mis`re*late", v. t.

Defn: To relate inaccurately.

MISRELATION
Mis`re*la"tion, n.

Defn: Erroneous relation or narration. Abp. Bramhall.

MISRELIGION
Mis`re*li"gion, n.

Defn: False religion. [R.]

MISREMEMBER
Mis`re*mem"ber, v. t. & i.

Defn: To mistake in remembering; not to remember correctly. Sir T.
More.

MISRENDER
Mis*ren"der, v. t.

Defn: To render wrongly; to translate or recite wrongly. Boyle.

MISREPEAT
Mis`re*peat", v. t.

Defn: To repeat wrongly; to give a wrong version of. Gov. Winthrop.

MISREPORT
Mis`re*port", v. t. & i.

Defn: To report erroneously; to give an incorrect account of. Locke.

MISREPORT
Mis`re*port", n.

Defn: An erroneous report; a false or incorrect account given.
Denham. South.

MISREPRESENT
Mis*rep`re*sent", v. t.

Defn: To represent incorrectly (almost always, unfacorably); to give
a false erroneous representation of, either maliciously, ignirantly,
or carelessly. Swift.

MISREPRESENT
Mis*rep`re*sent", v. i.

Defn: To make an incorrect or untrue representation. Milton.

MISREPRESENTATION
Mis*rep`re*sen*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Untrue representation; false or incorrect statement or account;
-- usually unfavorable to the thing represented; as, a
misrepresentation of a person's motives. Sydney Smith.

Note: In popular use, this word often conveys the idea of intentional
untruth.

MISREPRESENTATIVE
Mis*rep`re*sent"a*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to convey a wrong impression; misrepresenting.

MISREPRESENTER
Mis*rep`re*sent"er, n.

Defn: One who misrepresents.

MISREPUTE
Mis`re*pute", v. t.

Defn: To have in wrong estimation; to repute or estimate erroneously.

MISRULE
Mis*rule", v. t. & i.

Defn: To rule badly; to misgovern.

MISRULE
Mis*rule", n.

1. The act, or the result, of misruling.

2. Disorder; confusion; tumult from insubordination.
Enormous riot and misrule surveyed. Pope.
Abbot, or Lord, of Misrule. See under Abbot, and Lord.

MISRULY
Mis*rul"y, a.

Defn: Unruly. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

MISS
Miss, n.; pl. Misses. Etym: [Contr. fr. mistress.]

1. A title of courtesy prefixed to the name of a girl or a woman who
has not been married. See Mistress, 5.

Note: There is diversity of usage in the application of this title to
two or more persons of the same name. We may write either the Miss
Browns or the Misses Brown.

2. A young unmarried woman or a girl; as, she is a miss of sixteen.
Gay vanity, with smiles and kisses, Was busy 'mongst the maids and
misses. Cawthorn.

3. A kept mistress. See Mistress, 4. [Obs.] Evelyn.

4. (Card Playing)

Defn: In the game of three-card loo, an extra hand, dealt on the
table, which may be substituted for the hand dealt to a player.

MISS
Miss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Missed; p.pr. & vb.n. Missing.] Etym: [AS.
missan; akin to D. & G. missen, OHG. missan, Icel. missa, Sw. mista,
Dan. miste. *100. See Mis-, pref.]

1. To fail of hitting, reaching, getting, finding, seeing, hearing,
etc.; as, to miss the mark one shoots at; to miss the train by being
late; to miss opportunites of getting knowledge; to miss the point or
meaning of something said.
When a man misses his great end, happiness, he will acknowledge he
judged not right. Locke.

2. To omit; to fail to have or to do; to get without; to dispense
with; -- now seldom applied to persons.
She would never miss, one day, A walk so fine, a sight so gay. Prior.
We cannot miss him; he does make our fire, Fetch in our wood. Shak.

3. To discover the absence or omission of; to feel the want of; to
mourn the loss of; to want. Shak.
Neither missed we anything ... Nothing was missed of all that
pertained unto him. 1 Sam. xxv. 15, 21.
What by me thou hast lost, thou least shalt miss. Milton.
To miss stays. (Naut.) See under Stay.

MISS
Miss, v. i.

1. To fail to hit; to fly wide; to deviate from the true direction.
Men observe when things hit, and not when they miss. Bacon.
Flying bullets now, To execute his rage, appear too slow; They miss,
or sweep but common souls away. Waller.

2. To fail to obtain, learn, or find; -- with of.
Upon the least reflection, we can not miss of them. Atterbury.

3. To go wrong; to err. [Obs.]
Amongst the angels, a whole legion Of wicked sprites did fall from
happy bliss; What wonder then if one, of women all, did miss Spenser.

4. To be absent, deficient, or wanting. [Obs.] See Missing, a.
What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend. Shak.

MISS
Miss, n.

1. The act of missing; failure to hit, reach, find, obtain, etc.

2. Loss; want; felt absence. [Obs.]
There will be no great miss of those which are lost. Locke.

3. Mistake; error; fault. Shak.
He did without any great miss in the hardest points of grammar.
Ascham.

4. Harm from mistake. [Obs.] Spenser.

MISSA
Mis"sa, n.; pl. Missæ. Etym: [LL. See 1st Mass.] (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: The service or sacrifice of the Mass.

MISSAL
Mis"sal, n. Etym: [LL. missale, liber missalis, from missa mass: cf.
F. missel. See 1st Mass.]

Defn: The book containing the service of the Mass for the entire
year; a Mass book.

MISSAL
Mis"sal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Mass, or to a missal or Mass book. Bp.
Hall.

MISSAY
Mis*say", v. t.

1. To say wrongly.

2. To speak evil of; to slander. [Obs.]

MISSAY
Mis*say", v. i.

Defn: To speak ill. [Obs.] Spenser.

MISSEEK
Mis*seek", v. t.

Defn: To seek for wrongly. [Obs.]

MISSEEM
Mis*seem", v. i.

1. To make a false appearance. [Obs.]

2. To misbecome; to be misbecoming. [Obs.] Spenser.

MISSEL
Mis"sel, n.

Defn: Mistletoe. [Obs.] Missel bird, Missel thrush (Zoöl.), a large
European thrush (Turdus viscivorus) which feeds on the berries of the
mistletoe; -- called also mistletoe thrush and missel.

MISSELDINE
Mis"sel*dine, n. Etym: [See Mistletoe.] [Written also misselden.]

Defn: The mistletoe. [Obs.] Baret.

MISSELTOE
Mis"sel*toe, n.

Defn: See Mistletoe.

MISSEMBLANCE
Mis*sem"blance, n.

Defn: False resemblance or semblance. [Obs.]

MISSEND
Mis*send", v. t.

Defn: To send amiss or incorrectly.

MISSERVE
Mis*serve", v. t. & i.

Defn: To serve unfaithfully.

MISSET
Mis*set", v. t.

Defn: To set pr place wrongly.

MISSHAPE
Mis*shape", v. t.

Defn: To shape ill; to give an ill or unnatural from to; to deform.
"Figures monstrous and misshaped." Pope.

MISSHAPEN
Mis*shap"en, a.

Defn: Having a bad or ugly form. "The mountains are misshapen."
Bentley.
 -- Mis*shap"en*ly, adv.
 -- Mis*shap"en*ness, n.

MISSHEATHED
Mis*sheathed", a.

Defn: Sheathed by mistake; wrongly sheathed; sheathed in a wrong
place. Shak.

MISSIFICATE
Mis*sif"i*cate, v. i. Etym: [LL. missa Mass + -ficare (in comp.) to
make. See fy-.]

Defn: To perform Mass. [Obs.] Milton.

MISSILE
Mis"sile, a. Etym: [L. missils, fr. mittere, missum, to cause to go,
to send, to throw; cf. Lith. mesti to throw: cf. F. missile. Cf.
Admit, Dismiss, Mass the religious service, Message, Mission.]

Defn: Capable of being thrown; adapted for hurling or to be projected
from the hand, or from any instrument or rngine, so as to strike an
object at a distance.
We bend the bow, or wing the missile dart. Pope.

MISSILE
Mis"sile, n. Etym: [L. missile.]

Defn: A weapon thrown or projected or intended to be projcted, as a
lance, an arrow, or a bullet.

MISSING
Miss"ing, a. Etym: [From Miss, v. i.]

Defn: Absent from the place where it was expected to be found; lost;
wanting; not present when called or looked for.
Neither was there aught missing unto them. 1 Sam. xxv. 7.
For a time caught up to God, as once Moses was in the mount, and
missing long. Milton.

MISSINGLY
Miss"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With a sense of loss. [Obs.] Shak.

MISSION
Mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. missio, fr. mittere, missum, to send: cf. F.
mission. See Missile.]

1. The act of sending, or the state of being sent; a being sent or
delegated by authority, with certain powers for transacting business;
comission.
Whose glorious deeds, but in these fields of late, Made emulous
missions' mongst the gods themselves. Shak.

2. That with which a messenger or agent is charged; an errand;
business or duty on which one is sent; a commission.
How to begin, how to accomplish best His end of being on earth, and
mission high. Milton.

3. Persons sent; any number of persons appointed to perform any
service; a delegation; an embassy.
In these ships there should be a mission of three of the fellows or
brethren of Solomon's house. Bacon.

4. An assotiation or organization of missionaries; a station or
residence of missionaries.

5. An organization for worship and work, dependent on one or more
churches.

6. A course of extraordinary sermons and services at a particular
place and time for the special purpose of quickening the faith and
zeal participants, and of converting unbelievers. Addis & Arnold.

7. Dismission; discharge from service. [Obs.] Mission school. (a) A
school connected with a mission and conducted by missionaries. (b) A
school for the religious instruction of children not having regular
church privileges.

Syn.
 -- Message; errand; commission; deputation.

MISSION
Mis"sion, v. t.

Defn: To send on a mission. [Mostly used in the form of the past
participle.] Keats.

MISSIONARY
Mis"sion*ary, n.; pl. Missionaries. Etym: [Cf. F. missionnaire. See
Mission, n.]

Defn: One who is sent on a mission; especially, one sent to propagate
religion. Swift. Missionary apostolic, a Roman Catholic missionary
sent by commission from the pope.

MISSIONARY
Mis"sion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to missions; as, a missionary meeting; a
missionary fund.

MISSIONER
Mis"sion*er, n.

Defn: A missionary; an envoy; one who conducts a mission. See
Mission, n., 6. "Like mighty missioner you come." Dryden.

MISSIS
Mis"sis, n.

Defn: A mistress; a wife; -- so used by the illiterate. G. Eliot.

MISSISH
Miss"ish, a.

Defn: Like a miss; prim; affected; sentimental.
 -- Miss"ish*ness, n.

MISSIT
Mis*sit", v. t.

Defn: To sit badly or imperfectly upon; to misbecome. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MISSIVE
Mis"sive, a. Etym: [See Missive, n.]

1. Specially sent; intended or prepared to be sent; as, a letter
missive. Ayliffe.

2. Missile. "The missive weapons fly." Dryden. Letters missive,
letters conveying the permission, comand, or advice of a superior
authority, as a sovereign. They are addressed and sent to some
certain person or persons, and are distinguished from letters patent,
which are addressed to the public.

MISSIVE
Mis"sive, n. Etym: [F. lettre missive. See Mission, n.]

1. That which is sent; a writing containing a message.

2. One who is sent; a messenger. [Obs.] Shak.

MISSOUND
Mis*sound", v. t.

Defn: To sound wrongly; to utter or pronounce incorrectly. E,Hall.

MISSPEAK
Mis*speak", v. i.

Defn: To err in speaking.

MISSPEAK
Mis*speak", v. t.

Defn: To utter wrongly.

MISSPEECH
Mis*speech", n.

Defn: Wrong speech. [Obs.]

MISSPELL
Mis*spell", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Misspelled, or Misspelt (; p. pr. &
vb. n. Misspelling.]

Defn: To spell incorrectly.

MISSPELLING
Mis*spell"ing, n.

Defn: A wrong spelling.

MISSPEND
Mis*spend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Misspent; p. pr. & vb. n.
Misspending.]

Defn: To spend amiss or for wrong purposes; to aquander; to waste;
as, to misspend time or money. J. Philips.

MISSPENDER
Mis*spend"er, n.

Defn: One who misspends.

MISSPENSE
mis*spense", n.

Defn: A spending improperly; a wasting. [Obs.] Barrow.

MISSPENT
Mis*spent", imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Misspend.

MISSTATE
Mis*state", v. t.

Defn: To state wrongly; as, to misstate a question in debate. Bp.
Sanderson.

MISSTATEMENT
Mis*state"ment, n.

Defn: An incorrect statement.

MISSTAYED
Mis*stayed", a. (Naut.)

Defn: Having missed stays; -- said of a ship.

MISSTEP
Mis*step", n.

Defn: A wrong step; an error of conduct.

MISSTEP
Mis*step", v. i.

Defn: To take a wrong step; to go astray.

MISSUCCESS
Mis`suc*cess", n.

Defn: Failure. [Obs.]

MISSUGGESTION
Mis`sug*ges"tion ( or ), n.

Defn: Wrong or evil suggestion. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

MISSUMMATION
Mis`sum*ma"tion, n.

Defn: Wrong summation.

MISSWEAR
Mis*swear", v. i.

Defn: To swear falsely.

MISSY
Mis"sy, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Misy.

MISSY
Mis"sy, n.

Defn: An affectionate, or contemptuous, form of miss; a young girl; a
miss.
 -- a.

Defn: Like a miss, or girl.

MIST
Mist, n. Etym: [AS. mist; akin to D. & Sw. mist, Icel. mistr, G. mist
dung, Goth. maíhstus, AS. migan to make water, Icel. miga, Lith.
migla mist, Russ. mgla, L. mingere, meiere, to make water, gr. mih to
make water, n., a mist m*gha cloud. *102. Cf. Misle, Mizzle, Mixen.]

1. Visible watery vapor suspended in the atmosphere, at or near the
surface of the earth; fog.

2. Coarse, watery vapor, floating or falling in visible particles,
approaching the form of rain; as, Scotch mist.

3. Hence, anything which dims or darkens, and obscures or intercepts
vision.
His passion cast a mist before his sense. Dryden.
Mist flower (Bot.), a composite plant (Eupatorium coelestinum),
having heart-shaped leaves, and corymbs of lavender-blue flowers. It
is found in the Western and Southern United States.

MIST
Mist, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Misted; p. pr. & vb. n. Misting.]

Defn: To cloud; to cover with mist; to dim. Shak.

MIST
Mist, v. i.

Defn: To rain in very fine drops; as, it mists.

MISTAKABLE
Mis*tak"a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to be mistaken; capable of being misconceived. Sir T.
Browne.

MISTAKE
Mis*take", v. t. [imp. & obs. p. p. Mistook; p. p. Mistaken; p. pr. &
vb. n. Mistaking.] Etym: [Pref. mis- + take: cf. Icel. mistaka.]

1. To take or choose wrongly. [Obs. or R.] Shak.

2. To take in a wrong sense; to misunderstand misapprehend, or
misconceive; as, to mistake a remark; to mistake one's meaning.
Locke.
My father's purposes have been mistook. Shak.

3. To substitute in thought or perception; as, to mistake one person
for another.
A man may mistake the love of virtue for the practice of it. Johnson.

4. To have a wrong idea of in respect of character, qualities, etc.;
to misjudge.
Mistake me not so much, To think my poverty is treacherous. Shak.

MISTAKE
Mis*take", v. i.

Defn: To err in knowledge, perception, opinion, or judgment; to
commit an unintentional error.
Servants mistake, and sometimes occasion misunderstanding among
friends. Swift.

MISTAKE
Mis*take", n.

1. An apprehending wrongly; a misconception; a misunderstanding; a
fault in opinion or judgment; an unintentional error of conduct.
Infallibility is an absolute security of the understanding from all
possibility of mistake. Tillotson.

2. (Law)

Defn: Misconception, error, which when non-negligent may be ground
for rescinding a contract, or for refusing to perform it. No mistake,
surely; without fail; as, it will happen at the appointed time, and
no mistake. [Low]

Syn.
 -- Blunder; error; bull. See Blunder.

MISTAKEN
Mis*tak"en, p.a.

1. Being in error; judging wrongly; having a wrong opinion or a
misconception; as, a mistaken man; he is mistaken.

2. Erroneous; wrong; as, a mistaken notion.

MISTAKENLY
Mis*tak"en*ly, adv.

Defn: By mistake. Goldsmith.

MISTAKENNESS
Mis*tak"en*ness, n.

Defn: Erroneousness.

MISTAKER
Mis*tak"er, n.

Defn: One who mistakes.
Well meaning ignorance of some mistakers. Bp. Hall.

MISTAKING
Mis*tak"ing, n.

Defn: An error; a mistake. Shak.

MISTAKINGLY
Mis*tak"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Erroneously.

MISTAUGHT
Mis*taught", a. Etym: [See Misteach.]

Defn: Wrongly taught; as, a mistaught youth. L'Estrange.

MISTEACH
Mis*teach", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mistaught; p. pr. & vb. n.
Misteaching.] Etym: [AS. mist.]

Defn: To teach wrongly; to instruct erroneously.

MISTELL
Mis*tell", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mistold; p. pr. & vb. n. Mistelling.]

Defn: To tell erroneously.

MISTEMPER
Mis*tem"per, v. t.

Defn: To temper ill; to disorder; as, to mistemper one's head.
Warner.
This inundation of mistempered humor. Shak.

MISTER
Mis"ter, n. Etym: [See Master, and cf. Mistress.]

Defn: A title of courtesy prefixed to the name of a man or youth. It
is usually written in the abbreviated form Mr.
To call your name, inquire your where, Or whet you think of Mister
Some-one's book, Or Mister Other's marriage or decease. Mrs.
Browning.

MISTER
Mis"ter, v. t.

Defn: To address or mention by the title Mr.; as, he mistered me in a
formal way. [Colloq.]

MISTER
Mis"ter, n. Etym: [OF. mistier trade, office, ministry, need, F.
métier trade, fr. L. ministerium service, office, ministry. See
Ministry, Mystery trade.] [Written also mester.]

1. A trade, art, or occupation. [Obs.]
In youth he learned had a good mester. Chaucer.

2. Manner; kind; sort. [Obs.] Spenser.
But telleth me what mester men ye be. Chaucer.

3. Need; necessity. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

MISTER
Mis"ter, v. i.

Defn: To be needful or of use. [Obs.]
As for my name, it mistereth not to tell. Spenser.

MISTERM
Mis*term", v. t.

Defn: To call by a wrong name; to miscall.

MISTERY
Mis"ter*y, n.

Defn: See Mystery, a trade.

MISTFUL
Mist"ful, a.

Defn: Clouded with, or as with, mist.

MISTHINK
Mis*think", v. i. Etym: [See Think.]

Defn: To think wrongly. [Obs.] "Adam misthought of her." Milton.

MISTHINK
Mis*think", v. t.

Defn: To have erroneous thoughts or judgment of; to think ill of.
[Obs.] Shak.

MISTHOUGHT
Mis*thought", n.

Defn: Erroneous thought; mistaken opinion; error. [Obs.] Spenser.

MISTHRIVE
Mis*thrive", v. i.

Defn: To thrive poorly; to be not thrifty or prosperous. [Obs.]

MISTHROW
Mis*throw", v. t.

Defn: To throw wrongly.

MISTIC; MISTICO
Mis"tic, Mis"ti*co, n. Etym: [Sp. místico.]

Defn: A kind of small sailing vessel used in the Mediterranean. It is
rigged partly like a xebec, and partly like a felucca.

MISTIDE
Mis*tide", v. i. Etym: [AS. mistidan. See Tide.]

Defn: To happen or come to pass unfortunately; also, to suffer evil
fortune. [Obs.]

MISTIGRIS; MISTIGRI
Mis`ti`gris", Mis`ti`gri", n. Etym: [F. mistigri.]

Defn: A variety of the game of poker in which the joker is used, and
called mistigris or mistigri.

MISTIHEAD
Mist"i*head, n.

Defn: Mistiness. [Obs.]

MISTILY
Mist"i*ly, adv.

Defn: With mist; darkly; obscurely.

MISTIME
Mis*time", v. t. Etym: [AS. mistimain to turn out ill.]

Defn: To time wrongly; not to adapt to the time.

MISTINESS
Mist"i*ness, n.

Defn: State of being misty.

MISTION
Mis"tion, n. Etym: [L. mistio, mixtio. See Mix, and cf. Mixtion.]

Defn: Mixture. [Obs.]

MISTITLE
Mis*ti"tle, v. t.

Defn: To call by a wrong title.

MISTLE
Mis"tle, v. i. Etym: [Eng. mist. See Misle, and Mizzle.]

Defn: To fall in very fine drops, as rain.

MISTLETOE
Mis"tle*toe, n. Etym: [AS. misteltan; mistel mistletoe + tan twig.
AS. mistel is akin of D., G., Dan. & Sw. mistel, OHG. mistil, Icel.
mistilteinn; and AS. tan to D. teen, OHG. zein, Icel. teinn, Goth.
tains. Cf. Missel.] (Bot.)

Defn: A parasitic evergreen plant of Europe (Viscum album), bearing a
glutinous fruit. When found upon the oak, where it is rare, it was an
object of superstitious regard among the Druids. A bird lime is
prepared from its fruit. [Written also misletoe, misseltoe, and
mistleto.] Lindley. Loudon.

Note: The mistletoe of the United States is Phoradendron flavescens,
having broader leaves than the European kind. In different regions
various similar plants are called by this name.

MISTONUSK
Mis"to*nusk, n. Etym: [From the Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American badger.

MISTOOK
Mis*took", imp. & obs. p. p.

Defn: of Mistake.

MISTRADITION
Mis`tra*di"tion, n.

Defn: A wrong tradition. "Monsters of mistradition." Tennyson.

MISTRAIN
Mis*train", v. t.

Defn: To train amiss.

MISTRAL
Mis"tral, n. Etym: [F., fr. Provençal.]

Defn: A violent and cold northwest wind experienced in the
Mediterranean provinces of France, etc.

MISTRANSLATE
Mis`trans*late", v. t.

Defn: To translate erroneously.

MISTRANSLATION
Mis`trans*la"tion, n.

Defn: Wrong translation.

MISTRANSPORT
Mis`trans*port", v. t.

Defn: To carry away or mislead wrongfully, as by passion. [Obs.] Bp.
Hall.

MISTREADING
Mis*tread"ing, n.

Defn: Misstep; misbehavior. "To punish my mistreadings." Shak.

MISTREAT
Mis*treat", v. t.

Defn: To treat amiss; to abuse.

MISTREATMENT
Mis*treat"ment, n.

Defn: Wrong treatment.

MISTRESS
Mis"tress, n. Etym: [OE. maistress, OF. maistresse, F. maîtresse, LL.
magistrissa, for L. magistra, fem. of magister. See Master, Mister,
and cf. Miss a young woman.]

1. A woman having power, authority, or ownership; a woman who
exercises authority, is chief, etc.; the female head of a family, a
school, etc.
The late queen's gentlewoman! a knight's daughter! To be her
mistress' mistress! Shak.

2. A woman well skilled in anything, or having the mastery over it.
A letter desires all young wives to make themselves mistresses of
Wingate's Arithmetic. Addison.

3. A woman regarded with love and devotion; she who has command over
one's heart; a beloved object; a sweetheart. [Poetic] Clarendon.

4. A woman filling the place, but without the rights, of a wife; a
concubine; a loose woman with whom one consorts habitually.
Spectator.

5. A title of courtesy formerly prefixed to the name of a woman,
married or unmarried, but now superseded by the contracted forms,
Mrs., for a married, and Miss, for an unmarried, woman.
Now Mistress Gilpin (careful soul). Cowper.

6. A married woman; a wife. [Scot.]
Several of the neighboring mistresses had assembled to witness the
event of this memorable evening. Sir W. Scott.

7. The old name of the jack at bowls. Beau. & Fl. To be one's own
mistress, to be exempt from control by another person.

MISTRESS
Mis"tress, v. i.

Defn: To wait upon a mistress; to be courting. [Obs.] Donne.

MISTRESSSHIP
Mis"tress*ship, n.

1. Female rule or dominion.

2. Ladyship, a style of address; -- with the personal pronoun. [Obs.]
Massinger.

MISTRIAL
Mis*tri"al, n. (Law)

Defn: A false or erroneous trial; a trial which has no result.

MISTRIST
Mis*trist", v. t.

Defn: To mistrust. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MISTROW
Mis*trow", v. i.

Defn: To think wrongly. [Obs.]

MISTRUST
Mis*trust", n.

Defn: Want of confidence or trust; suspicion; distrust. Milton.

MISTRUST
Mis*trust", v. t.

1. To regard with jealousy or suspicion; to suspect; to doubt the
integrity of; to distrust.
I will never mistrust my wife again. Shak.

2. To forebode as near, or likely to occur; to surmise.
By a divine instinct, men's minds mistrust Ensuing dangers. Shak.

MISTRUSTER
Mis*trust"er, n.

Defn: One who mistrusts.

MISTRUSTFUL
Mis*trust"ful, a.

Defn: Having or causing mistrust, suspicions, or forebodings.
Their light blown out in some mistrustful wood. Shak.
-- Mis*trust"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Mis*trust"ful*ness, n.

MISTRUSTINGLY
Mis*trust"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With distrust or suspicion.

MISTRUSTLESS
Mis*trust"less, a.

Defn: Having no mistrust or suspicion.
The swain mistrustless of his smutted face. Goldsmith.

MISTUNE
Mis*tune", v. t.

Defn: To tune wrongly.

MISTURA
Mis*tu"ra, n. Etym: [L. See Mixture.] (Med.)
(a) A mingled compound in which different ingredients are contained
in a liquid state; a mixture. See Mixture, n., 4.
(b) Sometimes, a liquid medicine containing very active substances,
and which can only be administered by drops. Dunglison.

MISTURN
Mis*turn", v. t.

Defn: To turn amiss; to pervert.

MISTUTOR
Mis*tu"tor, v. t.

Defn: To instruct amiss.

MISTY
Mist"y, a. [Compar. Mistier; superl. Mistiest.] Etym: [AS. mistig.
See Mist. In some senses misty has been confused with mystic.]

1. Accompained with mist; characterized by the presence of mist;
obscured by, or overspread with, mist; as, misty weather; misty
mountains; a misty atmosphere.

2. Obscured as if by mist; dim; obscure; clouded; as, misty sight.
The more I muse therein [theology], The mistier it seemeth. Piers
Plowman.

MISUNDERSTAND
Mis*un`der*stand", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Misunderstood; p. pr. & vb. n.
Misunderstanding.]

Defn: To misconceive; to mistake; to miscomprehend; to take in a
wrong sense.

MISUNDERSTANDER
Mis*un`der*stand"er, n.

Defn: One who misunderstands. Sir T. More.

MISUNDERSTANDING
Mis*un`der*stand"ing, n.

1. Mistake of the meaning; error; misconception. Bacon.

2. Disagreement; difference of opinion; dissension; quarrel.
"Misunderstandings among friends." Swift.

MISURATO
Mi`su*ra"to, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Measured; -- a direction to perform a passage in strict or
measured time.

MISUSAGE
Mis*us"age, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mésusage.]

Defn: Bad treatment; abuse. Spenser.

MISUSE
Mis*use", v. t. Etym: [F. mésuser. See Mis-, prefix from French, and
Use.]

1. To treat or use improperly; to use to a bad purpose; to misapply;
as, to misuse one's talents. South.
The sweet poison of misused wine. Milton.

2. To abuse; to treat ill.
O, she misused me past the endurance of a block. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To maltreat; abuse; misemploy; misapply.

MISUSE
Mis*use", n.

1. Wrong use; misapplication; erroneous or improper use.
Words little suspected for any such misuse. Locke.

2. Violence, or its effects. [Obs.] Shak.

MISUSEMENT
Mis*use"ment, n.

Defn: Misuse. [Obs.]

MISUSER
Mis*us"er, n.

1. One who misuses. "Wretched misusers of language." Coleridge.

2. (Law)

Defn: Unlawful use of a right; use in excess of, or varying from,
one's right. Bouvier.

MISVALUE
Mis*val"ue, v. t.

Defn: To value wrongly or too little; to undervalue.
But for I am so young, I dread my work Wot be misvalued both of old
and young. W. Browne.

MISVOUCH
Mis*vouch", v. t.

Defn: To vouch falsely.

MISWANDER
Mis*wan"der, v. i.

Defn: To wander in a wrong path; to stray; to go astray. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

MISWAY
Mis*way", n.

Defn: A wrong way. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MISWEAR
Mis*wear", v. t.

Defn: To wear ill. [Obs.] Bacon.

MISWED
Mis*wed", v. t.

Defn: To wed improperly.

MISWEEN
Mis*ween", v. i.

Defn: To ween amiss; to misjudge; to distrust; to be mistaken. [Obs.]
Spenser.

MISWEND
Mis*wend", v. i.

Defn: To go wrong; to go astray. [Obs.] "The world is miswent."
Gower.

MISWORD
Mis*word", v. t.

Defn: To word wrongly; as, to misword a message, or a sentence.

MISWORD
Mis*word", n.

Defn: A word wrongly spoken; a cross word. [Obs.] Sylvester. Breton.

MISWORSHIP
Mis*wor"ship, n.

Defn: Wrong or false worship; mistaken practices in religion. Bp.
Hall.
Such hideous jungle of misworships. Carlyle.

MISWORSHIP
Mis*wor"ship, v. t.

Defn: To worship wrongly. Bp. Hall.

MISWORSHIPER
Mis*wor"ship*er, n.

Defn: One who worships wrongly.

MISWRITE
Mis*write", v. t.

Defn: To write incorrectly.

MISWROUGHT
Mis*wrought", a.

Defn: Badly wrought. Bacon.

MISY
Mi"sy, n. Etym: [Cf. L. misy a mineral, perh. copperas, Gr. (Min.)

Defn: An impure yellow sulphate of iron; yellow copperas or
copiapite.

MISYOKE
Mis*yoke", v. t.

Defn: To yoke improperly.

MISZEALOUS
Mis*zeal"ous, a.

Defn: Mistakenly zealous. [Obs.]

MITE
Mite, n. Etym: [AS. mite mite (in sense 1); akin to LG. mite, D.
mijt, G. miete, OHG. miza; cf. Goth. maitan to cut.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A minute arachnid, of the order Acarina, of which there are
many species; as, the cheese mite, sugar mite, harvest mite, etc. See
Acarina.

2. Etym: [D. mijt; prob. the same word.]

Defn: A small coin formerly circulated in England, rated at about a
third of a farthing. The name is also applied to a small coin used in
Palestine in the time of Christ.
Two mites, which make a farthing. Mark xii. 49.

3. A small weight; one twentieth of a grain.

4. Anything very small; a minute object; a very little quantity or
particle.
For in effect they be not worth a myte. Chaucer.

MITER; MITRE
Mi"ter, Mi"tre, n. Etym: [F. mitre, fr. L. mitra headband, turban,
Gr.

1. A covering for the head, worn on solemn occasions by church
dignitaries. It has been made in many forms, the present form being a
lofty cap with two points or peaks. Fairholt.

2. The surface forming the beveled end or edge of a piece where a
miter joint is made; also, a joint formed or a junction effected by
two beveled ends or edges; a miter joint.

3. (Numis.)

Defn: A sort of base money or coin. Miter box (Carp. & Print.), an
apparatus for guiding a handsaw at the proper angle in making a miter
joint; esp., a wooden or metal trough with vertical kerfs in its
upright sides, for guides.
 -- Miter dovetail (Carp.), a kind of dovetail for a miter joint in
which there is only one joint line visible, and that at the angle.
 -- Miter gauge (Carp.), a gauge for determining the angle of a
miter.
 -- Miter joint, a joint formed by pieces matched and united upon a
line bisecting the angle of junction, as by the beveled ends of two
pieces of molding or brass rule, etc. The term is used especially
when the pieces form a right angle. See Miter, 2.
 -- Miter shell (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of marine
univalve shells of the genus Mitra.
 -- Miter square (Carp.), a bevel with an immovable arm at an angle
of 45º, for striking lines on stuff to be mitered; also, a square
with an arm adjustable to any angle.
 -- Miter wheels, a pair of bevel gears, of equal diameter, adapted
for working together, usually with their axes at right angles.

MITER; MITRE
Mi"ter, Mi"tre, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mitered or Mitred; p. pr. & vb.
n. Mitering or Mitring.]

1. To place a miter upon; to adorn with a miter. "Mitered locks."
Milton.

2. To match together, as two pieces of molding or brass rule on a
line bisecting the angle of junction; to bevel the ends or edges of,
for the purpose of matching together at an angle.

MITER; MITRE
Mi"ter, Mi"tre, v. i.

Defn: To meet and match together, as two pieces of molding, on a line
bisecting the angle of junction.

MITERWORT
Mi"ter*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Mitella, -- slender, perennial herbs
with a pod slightly resembling a bishop's miter; bishop's cap. False
miterwort, a white-flowered perennial herb of the United States
(Tiarella cardifolia).

MITHIC
Mith"ic, a.

Defn: See Mythic.

MITHRAS
Mi"thras, n. Etym: [L., from Gr.

Defn: The sun god of the Persians.

MITHRIDATE
Mith"ri*date, n. (Med.)

Defn: An antidote against poison, or a composition in form of an
electuary, supposed to serve either as a remedy or a preservative
against poison; an alexipharmic; -- so called from King Mithridates,
its reputed inventor.
[Love is] a drop of the true elixir; no mithridate so effectual
against the infection of vice. Southey.

MITHRIDATIC
Mith`ri*dat"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to King Mithridates, or to a mithridate.

MITIGABLE
Mit"i*ga*ble, a.

Defn: Admitting of mitigation; that may be mitigated.

MITIGANT
Mit"i*gant, a. Etym: [L. mitigans, p.pr. of mitigare. See Mitigate.]

Defn: Tending to mitigate; mitigating; lentitive. Johnson.

MITIGATE
Mit"i*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mitigated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Mitigating.] Etym: [L. mitigatus, p.p. of mitigare to soften,
mitigate; mitis mild, soft + the root of agere to do, drive.]

1. To make less severe, intense, harsh, rigorous, painful, etc.; to
soften; to meliorate; to alleviate; to diminish; to lessen; as, to
mitigate heat or cold; to mitigate grief.

2. To make mild and accessible; to mollify; -- applied to persons.
[Obs.]
This opinion ... mitigated kings into companions. Burke.

Syn.
 -- To alleviate; assuage; allay. See Alleviate.

MITIGATION
Mit`i*ga"tion, n. Etym: [OE. mitigacioun, F. mitigation, fr. L.
mitigatio.]

Defn: The act of mitigating, or the state of being mitigated;
abatement or diminution of anything painful, harsh, severe,
afflictive, or calamitous; as, the mitigation of pain, grief, rigor,
severity, punishment, or penalty.

Syn.
 -- Alleviation; abatement; relief.

MITIGATIVE
Mit"i*ga*tive, a. Etym: [L. mitigativus: cf. F. mitigatif.]

Defn: Tending to mitigate; alleviating.

MITIGATOR
Mit"i*ga`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, mitigates.

MITIGATORY
Mit"i*ga*to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to mitigate or alleviate; mitigative.

MITING
Mit"ing, n. Etym: [From Mite.]

Defn: A little one; -- used as a term of endearment. [Obs.] Skelton.

MITIS CASTING
Mi"tis cast`ing. [Perh. fr. L. mitis mild.]

Defn: A process, invented by P. Ostberg, for producing malleable iron
castings by melting wrought iron, to which from 0.05 to 0.1 per cent
of aluminium is added to lower the melting point, usually in a
petroleum furnace, keeping the molten metal at the bubbling point
until it becomes quiet, and then pouring the molten metal into a mold
lined with a special mixture consisting essentially of molasses and
ground burnt fire clay; also, a casting made by this process; --
called also wrought-iron casting.

MITIS METAL
Mitis metal.

Defn: The malleable iron produced by mitis casting; -- called also
simply mitis.

MITOME
Mi"tome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The denser part of the protoplasm of a cell.

MITOSIS
Mi*to"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: See Karyokinesis.

MITOTIC
Mi*tot"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to mitosis; karyokinetic; as, mitotic cell
division; -- opposed to amitotic. --Mi*tot"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

MITRAILLE
Mi`traille", n. Etym: [F. See Mitrailleur.]

Defn: Shot or bits of iron used sometimes in loading cannon.

MITRAILLEUR
Mi`tra`illeur", n. Etym: [F.] (Mil.)

Defn: One who serves a mitrailleuse.

MITRAILLEUSE
Mi`tra`illeuse", n. Etym: [F., fr. mitrailler to fire grapeshot, fr.
mitraille old iron, grapeshot, dim. of OF. mite a mite.] (Mil.)

Defn: A breech-loading machine gun consisting of a number of barrels
fitted together, so arranged that the barrels can be fired
simultaneously, or successively, and rapidly.

MITRAL
Mi"tral, a. Etym: [Cf. F. mitral. See Miter.]

Defn: Pertaining to a miter; resembling a miter; as, the mitral valve
between the left auricle and left ventricle of the heart.

MITRE
Mi"tre, n. & v.

Defn: See Miter.

MITRIFORM
Mit"ri*form, a. Etym: [Miter + -form: cf. F. mitriforme.]

Defn: Having the form of a miter, or a peaked cap; as, a mitriform
calyptra. Gray.

MITT
Mitt, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. mitten.]

Defn: A mitten; also, a covering for the wrist and hand and not for
the fingers.

MITTEN
Mit"ten, n. Etym: [OE. mitaine, meteyn, F. mitaine, perh. of Celtic
origin; cf. Ir. miotog, Gael. miotag, Ir. & Gael. mutan a muff, a
thick glove. Cf. Mitt.]

1. A covering for the hand, worn to defend it from cold or injury. It
differs from a glove in not having a separate sheath for each finger.
Chaucer.

2. A cover for the wrist and forearm. To give the mitten to, to
dismiss as a lover; to reject the suit of. [Colloq.] -- To handle
without mittens, to treat roughly; to handle without gloves.
[Colloq.]

MITTENED
Mit"tened, a.

Defn: Covered with a mitten or mittens. "Mittened hands." Whittier.

MITTENT
Mit"tent, a. Etym: [L. mittens, p.pr. of mittere to send.]

Defn: Sending forth; emitting. [Obs.] Wiseman.

MITTIMUS
Mit"ti*mus, n. Etym: [L., we send, fr. mittere to send.] (Law)
(a) A precept or warrant granted by a justice for committing to
prison a party charged with crime; a warrant of commitment to prison.
Burrill.
(b) A writ for removing records from one court to another. Brande &
C.

MITTLER'S GREEN
Mitt"ler's green`. (Chem.)

Defn: A pigment of a green color, the chief constituent of which is
oxide of chromium.

MITTY
Mit"ty, n.

Defn: The stormy petrel. [Prov. Eng.]

MITU
Mi"tu, n. Etym: [Braz. mitu poranga.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American curassow of the genus Mitua.

MITY
Mit"y, a. Etym: [From Mite.]

Defn: Having, or abounding with, mites.

MIX
Mix, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mixed (less properly Mixt); p. pr. & vb. n.
Mixing.] Etym: [AS. miscan; akin to OHG. misken, G. mischen, Russ.
mieshate, W. mysgu, Gael. measg, L. miscere, mixtum, Gr. miçra mixed.
The English word has been influenced by L. miscere, mixtum (cf.
Mixture), and even the AS. miscan may have been borrowed fr. L.
miscere. Cf. Admix, Mash to bruise, Meddle.]

1. To cause a promiscuous interpenetration of the parts of, as of two
or more substances with each other, or of one substance with others;
to unite or blend into one mass or compound, as by stirring together;
to mingle; to blend; as, to mix flour and salt; to mix wines.
Fair persuasions mixed with sugared words. Shak.

2. To unite with in company; to join; to associate.
Ephraim, he hath mixed himself among the people. Hos. vii. 8.

3. To form by mingling; to produce by the stirring together of
ingredients; to compound of different parts.
Hast thou no poison mixed Shak.
I have chosen an argument mixed of religious and civil
considerations. Bacon.

MIX
Mix, v. i.

1. To become united into a compound; to be blended promiscuously
together.

2. To associate; to mingle.
He had mixed Again in fancied safety with his kind. Byron.

MIXABLE
Mix"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being mixed.

MIXED
Mixed, a.

Defn: Formed by mixing; united; mingled; blended. See Mix, v. t. & i.
Mixed action (Law), a suit combining the properties of a real and a
personal action.
 -- Mixed angle, a mixtilineal angle.
 -- Mixed fabric, a textile fabric composed of two or more kinds of
fiber, as a poplin.
 -- Mixed marriage, a marriage between persons of different races or
religions; specifically, one between a Roman Catholic and a
Protestant.
 -- Mixed number, a whole number and a fraction taken together.
 -- Mixed train, a railway train containing both passenger and
freight cars.
 -- Mixed voices (Mus.), voices of both males and females united in
the same performance.

MIXEDLY
Mix"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a mixed or mingled manner.

MIXEN
Mix"en, n. Etym: [AS. mixen, myxen, fr. meohx, meox, dung, filth;
akin to E. mist. See Mist.]

Defn: A compost heap; a dunghill. Chaucer. Tennyson.

MIXER
Mix"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, mixes.

MIXOGAMOUS
Mix*og"a*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pairing with several males; -- said of certain fishes of which
several males accompany each female during spawning.

MIXOLYDIAN MODE
Mix`o*lyd"i*an mode`. Etym: [Gr. Lydian.] (Mus.)

Defn: The seventh ecclesiastical mode, whose scale commences on G.

MIXTILINEAL; MIXTILINEAR
Mix`ti*lin"e*al, Mix`ti*lin"e*ar, a. Etym: [L. mixtus mixed (p.p. of
miscere to mix) + E. lineal, linear.]

Defn: Containing, or consisting of, lines of different kinds, as
straight, curved, and the like; as, a mixtilinear angle, that is, an
angle contained by a straight line and a curve. [R.]

MIXTION
Mix"tion, n. Etym: [L. mixtio, mistio: cf. F. mixtion. See Mistion,
Mix.]

1. Mixture. [Obs.]

2. A kind of cement made of mastic, amber, etc., used as a mordant
for gold leaf.

MIXTLY
Mixt"ly, adv.

Defn: With mixture; in a mixed manner; mixedly. Bacon.

MIXTURE
Mix"ture, n. Etym: [L. mixtura, fr. miscere, mixtum, to mix: cf. F.
mixture. See Mix.]

1. The act of mixing, or the state of being mixed; as, made by a
mixture of ingredients. Hooker.

2. That which results from mixing different ingredients together; a
compound; as, to drink a mixture of molasses and water; -- also, a
medley.
There is also a mixture of good and evil wisely distributed by God,
to serve the ends of his providence. Atterbury.

3. An ingredient entering into a mixed mass; an additional
ingredient.
Cicero doubts whether it were possible for a community to exist that
had not a prevailing mixture of piety in its constitution. Addison.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A kind of liquid medicine made up of many ingredients; esp., as
opposed to solution, a liquid preparation in which the solid
ingredients are not completely dissolved.

5. (Physics & Chem.)

Defn: A mass of two or more ingredients, the particles of which are
separable, independent, and uncompounded with each other, no matter
how thoroughly and finely commingled; -- contrasted with a compound;
thus, gunpowder is a mechanical mixture of carbon, sulphur, and
niter.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: An organ stop, comprising from two to five ranges of pipes,
used only in combination with the foundation and compound stops; --
called also furniture stop. It consists of high harmonics, or
overtones, of the ground tone.

Syn.
 -- Union; admixture; intermixture; medley.

MIZMAZE
Miz"maze`, n.

Defn: A maze or labyrinth. [Obs.]

MIZZEN
Miz"zen, a. Etym: [It. mezzana, fr. mezzano middle, fr. mezzo middle,
half: cf. F. misaine foresail. See Mezzo.] (Naut.)

Defn: Hindmost; nearest the stern; as, the mizzen shrouds, sails,
etc.

MIZZEN
Miz"zen, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The hindmost of the fore and aft sails of a three-masted
vessel; also, the spanker.

MIZZENMAST
Miz"zen*mast, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The hindmost mast of a three-masted vessel, or of a yawl-rigged
vessel.

MIZZLE
Miz"zle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Mizzled; p. pr. & vb. n. Mizzling.]
Etym: [See Misle, and cf. Mistle.]

1. To rain in very fine drops. Spenser.

2. To take one's self off; to go. [Slang]
As long as George the Fourth could reign, he reigned, And then he
mizzled. Epigram, quoted by Wright.

MIZZLE
Miz"zle, n.

Defn: Mist; fine rain.

MIZZY
Miz"zy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. moisi moldy, musty, p.p. of moisir to mold,
fr. L. mucere to be moldy.]

Defn: A bog or quagmire. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

M'-NAUGHT
M'-Naught" (mak*nalt"), v. t. (Steam Engines)

Defn: To increase the power of (a single-cylinder beam engine) by
adding a small high-pressure cylinder with a piston acting on the
beam between the center and the flywheel end, using high-pressure
steam and working as a compound engine, -- a plan introduced by
M'Naught, a Scottish engineer, in 1845.

MNEMONIC; MNEMONICAL
Mne*mon"ic, Mne*mon"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. mind.]

Defn: Assisting in memory.

MNEMONICIAN
Mne`mo*ni"cian, n.

Defn: One who instructs in the art of improving or using the memory.

MNEMONICS
Mne*mon"ics, n. Etym: [Gr. mnémonique.]

Defn: The art of memory; a system of precepts and rules intended to
assist the memory; artificial memory.

MNEMOSYNE
Mne*mos"y*ne, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Mnemonic.] (Class Myth.)

Defn: The goddess of memory and the mother of the Muses.

MNEMOTECHNY
Mne"mo*tech`ny, n. Etym: [Gr. mnémotechnie.]

Defn: Mnemonics.

MO
Mo, a., adv., & n. [Written also moe.] Etym: [AS. ma. See More.]

Defn: More; -- usually, more in number. [Obs.]
An hundred thousand mo. Chaucer.
Likely to find mo to commend than to imitate it. Fuller.

-MO
-mo.

Defn: A suffix added to the names of certain numerals or to the
numerals themselves, to indicate the number of leaves made by folding
a sheet of paper; as, sixteenmo or 16mo; eighteenmo or 18mo. It is
taken from the Latin forms similarly used; as, duodecimo,
sextodecimo, etc. A small circle, placed after the number and near
its top, is often used for -mo; as, 16°, 18°, etc.

MOA
Mo"a, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several very large extinct species of wingless birds
belonging to Dinornis, and other related genera, of the suborder
Dinornithes, found in New Zealand. They are allied to the apteryx and
the ostrich. They were probably exterminated by the natives before
New Zealand was discovered by Europeans. Some species were much
larger than the ostrich.

MOABITE
Mo"ab*ite, n.

Defn: One of the posterity of Moab, the son of Lot. (Gen. xix. 37.)
Also used adjectively.

MOABITESS
Mo"ab*i`tess, n.

Defn: A female Moabite. Ruth i. 22.

MOABITE STONE
Mo"ab*ite stone. (Archæol.)

Defn: A block of black basalt, found at Dibon in Moab by Rev. F. A.
Klein, Aug. 19, 1868, which bears an inscription of thirty-four
lines, dating from the 9th century b. c., and written in the Moabite
alphabet, the oldest Phonician type of the Semitic alphabet. It
records the victories of Mesha, king of Moab, esp. those over Israel
(2 Kings iii. 4, 5, 27).

MOABITISH
Mo"ab*i`tish, a.

Defn: Moabite. Ruth ii. 6.

MOAN
Moan, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Moaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Moaning.] Etym:
[AS. m to moan, also, to mean; but in the latter sense perh. a
different word. Cf. Mean to intend.]

1. To make a low prolonged sound of grief or pain, whether articulate
or not; to groan softly and continuously.
Unpitied and unheard, where misery moans. Thomson.
Let there bechance him pitiful mischances, To make him moan. Shak.

2. To emit a sound like moan; -- said of things inanimate; as, the
wind moans.

MOAN
Moan, v. t.

1. To bewail audibly; to lament.
Ye floods, ye woods, ye echoes, moan My dear Columbo, dead and gone.
Prior.

2. To afflict; to distress. [Obs.]
Which infinitely moans me. Beau. & Fl.

MOAN
Moan, n. Etym: [OE. mone. See Moan, v. i.]

1. A low prolonged sound, articulate or not, indicative of pain or of
grief; a low groan.
Sullen moans, hollow groans. Pope.

2. A low mournful or murmuring sound; -- of things.
Rippling waters made a pleasant moan. Byron.

MOANFUL
Moan"ful, a.

Defn: Full of moaning; expressing sorrow.
 -- Moan"ful*ly, adv.

MOAT
Moat, n. Etym: [OF. mote hill, dike, bank, F. motte clod, turf: cf.
Sp. & Pg. mota bank or mound of earth, It. motta clod, LL. mota,
motta, a hill on which a fort is built, an eminence, a dike, Prov. G.
mott bog earth heaped up; or perh. F. motte, and OF. mote, are from a
LL. p.p. of L. movere to move (see Move). The name of moat, properly
meaning, bank or mound, was transferred to the ditch adjoining: cf.
F. dike and ditch.] (Fort.)

Defn: A deep trench around the rampart of a castle or other fortified
place, sometimes filled with water; a ditch.

MOAT
Moat, v. t.

Defn: To surround with a moat. Dryden.

MOATE
Moate, v. i. Etym: [See Mute to molt.]

Defn: To void the excrement, as a bird; to mute. [Obs.]

MOB
Mob, n. Etym: [See Mobcap.]

Defn: A mobcap. Goldsmith.

MOB
Mob, v. t.

Defn: To wrap up in, or cover with, a cowl. [R.]

MOB
Mob, n. Etym: [L. mobile vulgus, the movable common people. See
Mobile, n.]

1. The lower classes of a community; the populace, or the lowest part
of it.
A cluster of mob were making themselves merry with their betters.
Addison.

2. Hence: A throgn; a rabble; esp., an unlawful or riotous assembly;
a disorderly crowd.
The mob of gentlemen who wrote with ease. Pope.
Had every Athenian citizen been a Socrates, every Athenian assembly
would still have been a mob. Madison.
Confused by brainless mobs. Tennyson.
Mob law, law administered by the mob; lynch law.
 -- Swell mob, well dressed thieves and swindlers, regarded
collectively. [Slang] Dickens.

MOB
Mob, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mobbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Mobbing.]

Defn: To crowd about, as a mob, and attack or annoy; as, to mob a
house or a person.

MOBBISH
Mob"bish, a.

Defn: Like a mob; tumultuous; lawless; as, a mobbish act. Bp. Kent.

MOBCAP
Mob"cap`, n. Etym: [D. mop-muts; OD. mop a woman's coif + D. muts
cap.]

Defn: A plain cap or headdress for women or girls; especially, one
tying under the chin by a very broad band, generally of the same
material as the cap itself. Thackeray.

MOBILE
Mo"bile, a. Etym: [L. mobilis, for movibilis, fr. movere to move: cf.
F. mobile. See Move.]

1. Capable of being moved; not fixed in place or condition; movable.
"Fixed or else mobile." Skelton.

2. Characterized by an extreme degree of fluidity; moving or flowing
with great freedom; as, benzine and mercury are mobile liquids; --
opposed to viscous, viscoidal, or oily.

3. Easily moved in feeling, purpose, or direction; excitable;
changeable; fickle. Testament of Love.
The quick and mobile curiosity of her disposition. Hawthorne.

4. Changing in appearance and expression under the influence of the
mind; as, mobile features.

5. (Physiol.)

Defn: Capable of being moved, aroused, or excited; capable of
spontaneous movement.

MOBILE
Mo"bile, n. Etym: [L. mobile vulgus. See Mobile, a., and cf. 3d Mob.]

Defn: The mob; the populace. [Obs.] "The unthinking mobile." South.

MOBILITY
Mo*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. mobilitas: cf. F. mobilité.]

1. The quality or state of being mobile; as, the mobility of a
liquid, of an army, of the populace, of features, of a muscle. Sir T.
Browne.

2. The mob; the lower classes. [Humorous] Dryden.

MOBILIZATION
Mob`i*li*za"tion, n. Etym: [F. mobilization.]

Defn: The act of mobilizing.

MOBILIZE
Mob"i*lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mobilized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Mobilizing.] Etym: [F. mobiliser.]

Defn: To put in a state of readiness for active service in war, as an
army corps.

MOBLE
Mo"ble, v. t. Etym: [From Mob to wrap up.]

Defn: To wrap the head of in a hood. [Obs.] Shak.

MOBLES
Mo"bles, n. pl.

Defn: See Moebles. [Obs.]

MOBOCRACY
Mob*oc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Mob rabble + -cracy, as in democracy.]

Defn: A condition in which the lower classes of a nation control
public affairs without respect to law, precedents, or vested rights.
It is good name that Dr. Stevens has given to our present situation
(for one can not call it a government), a mobocracy. Walpole.

MOBOCRAT
Mob"o*crat, n.

Defn: One who favors a form of government in which the unintelligent
populace rules without restraint. Bayne.

MOBOCRATIC
Mob`o*crat"ic, a.

Defn: Of, or relating to, a mobocracy.

MOCCASIN
Moc"ca*sin, n. Etym: [An Indian word. Algonquin makisin.] [Sometimes
written moccason.]

1. A shoe made of deerskin, or other soft leather, the sole and upper
part being one piece. It is the customary shoe worn by the American
Indians.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A poisonous snake of the Southern United States. The water
moccasin (Ancistrodon piscivorus) is usually found in or near water.
Above, it is olive brown, barred with black; beneath, it is brownish
yellow, mottled with darker. The upland moccasin is Ancistrodon
atrofuscus. They resemble rattlesnakes, but are without rattles.
Moccasin flower (Bot.), a species of lady's slipper (Cypripedium
acaule) found in North America. The lower petal is two inches long,
and forms a rose-colored moccasin-shaped pouch. It grows in rich
woods under coniferous trees.

MOCCASINED
Moc"ca*sined, a.

Defn: Covered with, or wearing, a moccasin or moccasins. "Moccasined
feet." Harper's Mag.

MOCHA
Mo"cha, n.

1. A seaport town of Arabia, on the Red Sea.

2. A variety of coffee brought from Mocha.

3. An Abyssinian weight, equivalent to a Troy grain. Mocha stone
(Min.), moss agate.

MOCHE
Moche, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A bale of raw silk.

MOCHE
Moche, a.

Defn: Much. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MOCHEL
Moch"el, a. & adv.

Defn: Much. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MOCHILA
Mo*chi"la, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A large leather flap which covers the saddletree. [Western
U.S.]

MOCK
Mock, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mocked; p. pr. & vb. n. Mocking.] Etym: [F.
moquer, of uncertain origin; cf. OD. mocken to mumble, G. mucken,
OSw. mucka.]

1. To imitate; to mimic; esp., to mimic in sport, contempt, or
derision; to deride by mimicry.
To see the life as lively mocked as ever Still sleep mocked death.
Shak.
Mocking marriage with a dame of France. Shak.

2. To treat with scorn or contempt; to deride.
Elijah mocked them, and said, Cry aloud. 1 Kings xviii. 27.
Let not ambition mock their useful toil. Gray.

3. To disappoint the hopes of; to deceive; to tantalize; as, to mock
expectation.
Thou hast mocked me, and told me lies. Judg. xvi. 13.
He will not ... Mock us with his blest sight, then snatch him hence.
Milton.

Syn.
 -- To deride; ridicule; taunt; jeer; tantalize; disappoint. See
Deride.

MOCK
Mock, v. i.

Defn: To make sport contempt or in jest; to speak in a scornful or
jeering manner.
When thou mockest, shall no man make thee ashamed Job xi. 3.
She had mocked at his proposal. Froude.

MOCK
Mock, n.

1. An act of ridicule or derision; a scornful or contemptuous act or
speech; a sneer; a jibe; a jeer.
Fools make a mock at sin. Prov. xiv. 9.

2. Imitation; mimicry. [R.] Crashaw.

MOCK
Mock, a.

Defn: Imitating reality, but not real; false; counterfeit; assumed;
sham.
That superior greatness and mock majesty. Spectator.
Mock bishop's weed (Bot.), a genus of slender umbelliferous herbs
(Discopleura) growing in wet places.
 -- Mock heroic, burlesquing the heroic; as, a mock heroic poem.
 -- Mock lead. See Blende (a).
 -- Mock nightingale (Zoöl.), the European blackcap.
 -- Mock orange (Bot.), a genus of American and Asiatic shrubs
(Philadelphus), with showy white flowers in panicled cymes. P.
coronarius, from Asia, has fragrant flowers; the American kinds are
nearly scentless.
 -- Mock sun. See Parhelion.
 -- Mock turtle soup, a soup made of calf's head, veal, or other
meat, and condiments, in imitation of green turtle soup.
 -- Mock velvet, a fabric made in imitation of velvet. See Mockado.

MOCKABLE
Mock"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be mocked. Shak.

MOCKADO
Mock"a*do, n.

Defn: A stuff made in imitation of velvet; -- probably the same as
mock velvet. [Obs.]
Our rich mockado doublet. Ford.

MOCKADOUR
Mock"a*dour, n.

Defn: See Mokadour. [Obs.]

MOCKAGE
Mock"age, n.

Defn: Mockery. [Obs.] Fuller.

MOCKBIRD
Mock"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European sedge warbler (Acrocephalus phragmitis).

MOCKER
Mock"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, mocks; a scorner; a scoffer; a derider.

2. A deceiver; an impostor.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mocking bird. Mocker nut (Bot.), a kind of hickory (Carya
tomentosa) and its fruit, which is far inferior to the true shagbark
hickory nut.

MOCKERY
Mock"er*y, n.; pl. Mockeries. Etym: [F. moquerie.]

1. The act of mocking, deriding, and exposing to contempt, by
mimicry, by insincere imitation, or by a false show of earnestness; a
counterfeit appearance.
It is, as the air, invulnerable, And our vain blows malicious
mockery. Shak.
Grace at meals is now generally so performed as to look more like a
mockery upon devotion than any solemn application of the mind to God.
Law.
And bear about the mockery of woe. Pope.

2. Insulting or contemptuous action or speech; contemptuous
merriment; derision; ridicule.
The laughingstock of fortune's mockeries. Spenser.

3. Subject of laughter, derision, or sport.
The cruel handling of the city whereof they made a mockery. 2 Macc.
viii. 17.

MOCKING
Mock"ing, a.

Defn: Imitating, esp. in derision, or so as to cause derision;
mimicking; derisive. Mocking bird (Zoöl.), a North American singing
bird (Mimus polyglottos), remarkable for its exact imitations of the
notes of other birds. Its back is gray; the tail and wings are
blackish, with a white patch on each wing; the outer tail feathers
are partly white. The name is also applied to other species of the
same genus, found in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies.
 -- Mocking thrush (Zoöl.), any species of the genus Harporhynchus,
as the brown thrush (H. rufus).
 -- Mocking wren (Zoöl.), any American wren of the genus Thryothorus,
esp. T. Ludovicianus.

MOCKINGLY
Mock"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of derision; in a contemptuous or mocking manner.

MOCKINGSTOCK
Mock"ing*stock`, n.

Defn: A butt of sport; an object of derision. [R.]

MOCKISH
Mock"ish, a.

Defn: Mock; counterfeit; sham. [Obs.]

MOCKLE
Moc"kle, a.

Defn: See Mickle.

MOCO
Mo"co, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American rodent (Cavia rupestris), allied to the Guinea
pig, but larger; -- called also rock cavy.

MODAL
Mo"dal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. modal. See Mode.]

1. Of or pertaining to a mode or mood; consisting in mode or form
only; relating to form; having the form without the essence or
reality. Glanvill.

2. (Logic & Metaph.)

Defn: Indicating, or pertaining to, some mode of conceiving
existence, or of expressing thought.

MODALIST
Mo"dal*ist, n. (Theol.)

Defn: One who regards Father, Son, and Spirit as modes of being, and
not as persons, thus denying personal distinction in the Trinity.
Eadie.

MODALITY
Mo*dal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. modalité.]

1. The quality or state of being modal.

2. (Logic & Metaph.)

Defn: A modal relation or quality; a mode or point of view under
which an object presents itself to the mind. According to Kant, the
quality of propositions, as assertory, problematical, or apodeictic.

MODALLY
Mo"dal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a modal manner.
A compound proposition, the parts of which are united modally ... by
the particles "as" and "so." Gibbs.

MODE
Mode, n. Etym: [L. modus a measure, due or proper measure, bound,
manner, form; akin to E. mete: cf. F. mode. See Mete, and cf.
Commodious, Mood in grammar, Modus.]

1. Manner of doing or being; method; form; fashion; custom; way;
style; as, the mode of speaking; the mode of dressing.
The duty of itself being resolved on, the mode of doing it may easily
be found. Jer. Taylor.
A table richly spread in regal mode. Milton.

2. Prevailing popular custom; fashion, especially in the phrase the
mode.
The easy, apathetic graces of a man of the mode. Macaulay.

3. Variety; gradation; degree. Pope.

4. (Metaph.)

Defn: Any combination of qualities or relations, considered apart
from the substance to which they belong, and treated as entities;
more generally, condition, or state of being; manner or form of
arrangement or manifestation; form, as opposed to matter.
Modes I call such complex ideas, which, however compounded, contain
not in them the supposition of subsisting by themselves, but are
considered as dependencies on, or affections of, substances. Locke.

5. (Logic)

Defn: The form in which the proposition connects the predicate and
subject, whether by simple, contingent, or necessary assertion; the
form of the syllogism, as determined by the quantity and quality of
the constituent proposition; mood.

6. (Gram.)

Defn: Same as Mood.

7. (Mus.)

Defn: The scale as affected by the various positions in it of the
minor intervals; as, the Dorian mode, the Ionic mode, etc., of
ancient Greek music.

Note: In modern music, only the major and the minor mode, of whatever
key, are recognized.

8. A kind of silk. See Alamode, n.

Syn.
 -- Method; manner. See Method.

MODEL
Mod"el, n. Etym: [F. modèle, It. modello, fr. (assumed) L. modellus,
fr. modulus a small measure, dim. of modus. See Mode, and cf.
Module.]

1. A miniature representation of a thing, with the several parts in
due proportion; sometimes, a facsimile of the same size.
In charts, in maps, and eke in models made. Gascoigne.
I had my father's signet in my purse, Which was the model of that
Danish seal. Shak.
You have the models of several ancient temples, though the temples
and the gods are perished. Addison.

2. Something intended to serve, or that may serve, as a pattern of
something to be made; a material representation or embodiment of an
ideal; sometimes, a drawing; a plan; as, the clay model of a
sculpture; the inventor's model of a machine.
[The application for a patent] must be accompanied by a full
description of the invention, with drawings and a model where the
case admits of it. Am. Cyc.
When we mean to build We first survey the plot, then draw the model.
Shak.

3. Anything which serves, or may serve, as an example for imitation;
as, a government formed on the model of the American constitution; a
model of eloquence, virtue, or behavior.

4. That by which a thing is to be measured; standard.
He that despairs measures Providence by his own little, contracted
model. South.

5. Any copy, or resemblance, more or less exact.
Thou seest thy wretched brother die, Who was the model of thy
father's life. Shak.

6. A person who poses as a pattern to an artist.
A professional model. H. James.
Working model, a model of a machine which can do on a small scale the
work which the machine itself does, or expected to do.

MODEL
Mod"el, a.

Defn: Suitable to be taken as a model or pattern; as, a model house;
a model husband.

MODEL
Mod"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Modeled or Modelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Modeling or Modelling.] Etym: [Cf. F. modeler, It. modellare.]

Defn: To plan or form after a pattern; to form in model; to form a
model or pattern for; to shape; to mold; to fashion; as, to model a
house or a government; to model an edifice according to the plan
delineated.

MODEL
Mod"el, v. i. (Fine Arts)

Defn: To make a copy or a pattern; to design or imitate forms; as, to
model in wax.

MODELER
Mod"el*er, n.

Defn: One who models; hence, a worker in plastic art. [Written also
modeller.]

MODELING
Mod"el*ing, n. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The act or art of making a model from which a work of art is to
be executed; the formation of a work of art from some plastic
material. Also, in painting, drawing, etc., the expression or
indication of solid form. [Written also modelling.] Modeling plane, a
small plane for planing rounded objects.
 -- Modeling wax, beeswax melted with a little Venice turpentine, or
other resinous material, and tinted with coloring matter, usually
red, -- used in modeling.

MODELIZE
Mod"el*ize, v. t.

Defn: To model. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

MODENA
Mod"e*na, n. Etym: [From Modena, in Italy.]

Defn: A certain crimsonlike color. Good.

MODENESE
Mod`e*nese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Modena or its inhabitants.
 -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Modena; the people of Modena.

MODER
Mo"der, n. Etym: [OE. See Mother female parent.]

1. A mother. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. The principal piece of an astrolabe, into which the others are
fixed. [Obs.]

MODER
Mod"er, v. t.

Defn: To moderate. [Obs.]

MODERABLE
Mod"er*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. moderabilis.]

Defn: Modeate; temperate. [Obs.]

MODERANCE
Mod"er*ance, n.

Defn: Moderation. [Obs.] Caxton.

MODERATE
Mod"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. moderatus, p.p. of moderate, moderati, to
moderate, regulate, control, fr. modus measure. See Mode.]

Defn: Kept within due bounds; observing reasonable limits; not
excessive, extreme, violent, or rigorous; limited; restrained; as:
(a) Limited in quantity; sparing; temperate; frugal; as, moderate in
eating or drinking; a moderate table.
(b) Limited in degree of activity, energy, or excitement; reasonable;
calm; slow; as, moderate language; moderate endeavors.
(c) Not extreme in opinion, in partisanship, and the like; as, a
moderate Calvinist.
A number of moderate members managed ... to obtain a majority in a
thin house. Swift.

(d) Not violent or rigorous; temperate; mild; gentle; as, a moderate
winter. "Moderate showers." Walter.
(e) Limited as to degree of progress; as, to travel at moderate
speed.
(f) Limited as to the degree in which a quality, principle, or
faculty appears; as, an infusion of moderate strength; a man of
moderate abilities.
(g) Limited in scope or effects; as, a reformation of a moderate
kind. Hooker.

MODERATE
Mod"er*ate, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a party in the Church of Scotland in the 18th century,
and part of the 19th, professing moderation in matters of church
government, in discipline, and in doctrine.

MODERATE
Mod"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Moderated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Moderating.]

1. To restrain from excess of any kind; to reduce from a state of
violence, intensity, or excess; to keep within bounds; to make
temperate; to lessen; to allay; to repress; to temper; to qualify;
as, to moderate rage, action, desires, etc.; to moderate heat or
wind.
By its astringent quality, it moderates the relaxing quality of warm
water. Arbuthnot.
To moderate stiff minds disposed to strive. Spenser.

2. To preside over, direct, or regulate, as a public meeting; as, to
moderate a synod.

MODERATE
Mod"er*ate, v. i.

1. To become less violent, severe, rigorous, or intense; as, the wind
has moderated.

2. To preside as a moderator.
Dr. Barlow [was] engaged ... to moderate for him in the divinity
disputation. Bp. Barlow's Remains (1693).

MODERATELY
Mod"er*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a moderate manner or degree; to a moderate extent.
Each nymph but moderately fair. Waller.

MODERATENESS
Mod"er*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being moderate; temperateness;
moderation.

MODERATION
Mod`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. moderatio: cf. F. modération.]

1. The act of moderating, or of imposing due restraint.

2. The state or quality of being mmoderate.
In moderation placing all my glory, While Tories call me Whig, and
Whigs a Tory. Pope.

3. Calmness of mind; equanimity; as, to bear adversity with
moderation.
The calm and judicious moderation of Orange. Motley.

4. pl.

Defn: The first public examinations for degrees at the University of
Oxford; -- usually contracted to mods.

MODERATISM
Mod"er*a*tism, n.

Defn: Moderation in doctrines or opinion, especially in politics or
religion.

MODERATO
Mod`e*ra"to, a. & adv. Etym: [It. See Moderate.] (Mus.)

Defn: With a moderate degree of quickness; moderately. Allegro
moderato, a little slower than allegro.
 -- Andante moderato, a little faster than andante.

MODERATOR
Mod"er*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. modérateur.]

1. One who, or that which, moderates, restrains, or pacifies. Sir W.
Raleigh.
Angling was ... a moderator of passions. Walton.

2. The officer who presides over an assembly to preserve order,
propose questions, regulate the proceedings, and declare the votes.

3. In the University of Oxford, an examiner for moderations; at
Cambridge, the superintendant of examinations for degrees; at Dublin,
either the first (senior) or second (junior) in rank in an
examination for the degree of Bachelor of Arts.

4. A mechamical arrangement for regulating motion in a machine, or
producing equality of effect.

MODERATORSHIP
Mod"er*a`tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a moderator.

MODERATRESS
Mod"er*a`tress, n.

Defn: A female moderator. Fuller.

MODERATRIX
Mod"er*a`trix, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A female moderator.

MODERN
Mod"ern, a. Etym: [F. moderne, L. modernus; akin to modo just now,
orig. abl. of modus measure; hence, by measure, just now. See Mode.]

1. Of or pertaining to the present time, or time not long past; late;
not ancient or remote in past time; of recent period; as, modern
days, ages, or time; modern authors; modern fashions; modern taste;
modern practice. Bacon.

2. New and common; trite; commonplace. [Obs.]
We have our philosophical persons, to make modern and familiar,
things supernatural and causeless. Shak.
Modern English. See the Note under English.

MODERN
Mod"ern, n.

Defn: A person of modern times; -- opposed to ancient. Pope.

MODERNISM
Mod"ern*ism, n.

Defn: Modern practice; a thing of recent date; esp., a modern usage
or mode of expression.

MODERNIST
Mod"ern*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. moderniste.]

Defn: One who admires the moderns, or their ways and fashions.

MODERNITY
Mo*der"ni*ty, n.

Defn: Modernness; something modern. Walpole.

MODERNIZATION
Mod`ern*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of rendering modern in style; the act or process of
causing to conform to modern of thinking or acting.

MODERNIZE
Mod"ern*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Modernized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Modernizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. moderniser.]

Defn: To render modern; to adapt to modern person or things; to cause
to conform to recent or present usage or taste. Percy.

MODERNIZER
Mod"ern*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who modernizes.

MODERNLY
Mod"ern*ly, adv.

Defn: In modern times. Milton.

MODERNNESS
Mod"ern*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being modern; recentness; novelty. M.
Arnold.

MODEST
Mod"est, a. Etym: [F. modeste, L. modestus, fr. modus measure. See
Mode.]

1. Restraining within due limits of propriety; not forward, bold,
boastful, or presumptious; rather retiring than pushing one's self
forward; not obstructive; as, a modest youth; a modest man.

2. Observing the proprieties of the sex; not unwomanly in act or
bearing; free from undue familiarity, indecency, or lewdness; decent
in speech and demeanor; -- said of a woman.
Mrs. Ford, the honest woman, the modest wife. Shak.
The blushing beauties of a modest maid. Dryden.

3. Evincing modestly in the actor, author, or speaker; not showing
presumption; not excessive or extreme; moderate; as, a modest
request; modest joy.

Syn.
 -- Reserved; unobtrusive; diffident; bashful; coy; shy; decent;
becoming; chaste; virtuous.

MODESTLY
Mod"est*ly, adv.

Defn: In a modest manner.

MODESTY
Mod"es*ty, n. Etym: [L. modestia: cf. F. modestie. See Modest.]

1. The quality or state of being modest; that lowly temper which
accompanies a moderate estimate of one's own worth and importance;
absence of self-assertion, arrogance, and presumption; humility
respecting one's own merit.

2. Natural delicacy or shame regarding personal charms and the sexual
relation; purity of thought and manners; due regard for propriety in
speech or action.
Her blush is guiltiness, not modesty. Shak.
Modesty piece, a narrow piece of lace worn by women over the bosom.
[Obs.] Addison.

Syn.
 -- Bashfulness; humility; diffidence; shyness. See Bashfulness, and
Humility.

MODICITY
Mo*dic"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. modicitas; cf. F. modicité.]

Defn: Moderateness; smallness; meanness. [Obs.]

MODICUM
Mod"i*cum, n. Etym: [L., fr. modicus moderate, fr. modus. See Mode.]

Defn: A little; a small quantity; a measured simply. "Modicums of
wit." Shak.
Her usual modicum of beer and punch. Thackeray.

MODIFIABILITY
Mod`i*fi`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being modified; state or quality of being
modifiable.

MODIFIABLE
Mod"i*fi`a*ble, a. Etym: [From Modify.]

Defn: Capable of being modified; liable to modification.

MODIFICABLE
Mo*dif"i*ca*ble, a.

Defn: Modifiable. [Obs.]

MODIFICATE
Mod"i*fi*cate, v. t. Etym: [See Modify.]

Defn: To qualify. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

MODIFICATION
Mod`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. modificatio a measuring: cf. F.
modification. See Modify.]

Defn: The act of modifying, or the state of being modified; a
modified form or condition; state as modified; a change; as, the
modification of an opinion, or of a machine; the various
modifications of light. Bentley.

MODIFICATIVE
Mod"i*fi*ca*tive, n.

Defn: That which modifies or qualifies, as a word or clause.

MODIFICATORY
Mod"i*fi*ca`to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending or serving to modify; modifying. Max Müller.

MODIFIER
Mod"i*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, modifies. Hume.

MODIFY
Mod"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Modified; p. pr. & vb. n. Modifying.]
Etym: [F. modifier, L. modificare, modificari; modus limit + -ficare
(in comp.) to make. See Mode, and -fy.]

1. To change somewhat the form or qualities of; to alter somewhat;
as, to modify a contrivance adapted to some mechanical purpose; to
modify the terms of a contract.

2. To limit or reduce in extent or degree; to moderate; to qualify;
to lower.
Of his grace He modifies his first severe decree. Dryden.

MODILLION
Mo*dil"lion, n. Etym: [F. modillon, It. modiglione. Cf. Module, n.]
(Arch.)

Defn: The enriched block or horizontal bracket generally found under
the cornice of the Corinthian and Composite entablature, and
sometimes, less ornamented, in the Ionic and other orders; -- so
called because of its arrangement at regulated distances.

MODIOLAR
Mo*di"o*lar, a. Etym: [L. modiolus, dim. of modius the Roman corn
measure.]

Defn: Shaped like a bushel measure.

MODIOLUS
Mo*di"o*lus, n.; pl. Modioli. Etym: [L., a small measure.] (Anat.)

Defn: The central column in the osseous cochlea of the ear.

MODISH
Mod"ish, a.

Defn: According to the mode, or customary manner; conformed to the
fashion; fashionable; hence, conventional; as, a modish dress; a
modish feast. Dryden. "Modish forms of address." Barrow.
 -- Mod"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Mod"ish*ness, n.

MODIST
Mod"ist, n.

Defn: One who follows the fashion.

MODISTE
Mo`diste", n. Etym: [F. See Mode, and cf. Modist.]

Defn: A female maker of, or dealer in, articles of fashion,
especially of the fashionable dress of ladies; a woman who gives
direction to the style or mode of dress.

MODIUS
Mo"di*us, n.; pl. Modii. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A dry measure, containing about a peck.

MODOCS
Mo"docs, n. pl.; sing. Modoc (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of warlike Indians formerly inhabiting Northern
California. They are nearly extinct.

MODULAR
Mod"u*lar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to mode, modulation, module, or modius; as,
modular arrangement; modular accent; modular measure.

MODULATE
Mod"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Modulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Modulating.] Etym: [L. modulatus, p.p. of modulari to measure, to
modulate, fr. modulus a small measure, meter, melody, dim. of modus.
See Mode.]

1. To form, as sound, to a certain key, or to a certain portion.

2. To vary or inflect in a natural, customary, or musical manner; as,
the organs of speech modulate the voice in reading or speaking.
Could any person so modulate her voice as to deceive so many Broome.

MODULATE
Mod"u*late, v. i. (Mus.)

Defn: To pass from one key into another.

MODULATION
Mod`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. modulatio: cf. F. modulation.]

1. The act of modulating, or the state of being modulated; as, the
modulation of the voice.

2. Sound modulated; melody. [R.] Thomson.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A change of key, whether transient, or until the music becomes
established in the new key; a shifting of the tonality of a piece, so
that the harmonies all center upon a new keynote or tonic; the art of
transition out of the original key into one nearly related, and so
on, it may be, by successive changes, into a key quite remote. There
are also sudden and unprepared modulations.

MODULATOR
Mod"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who, or that which, modulates. Denham.

MODULE
Mod"ule, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. modulus a small measure, dim. of modus.
See Mode, and cf. Model, Modulus, Mold a matrix.]

1. A model or measure.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: The size of some one part, as the diameter of semi-diameter of
the base of a shaft, taken as a unit of measure by which the
proportions of the other parts of the composition are regulated.
Generally, for columns, the semi-diameter is taken, and divided into
a certain number of parts, called minutes (see Minute), though often
the diameter is taken, and any dimension is said to be so many
modules and minutes in height, breadth, or projection.

MODULE
Mod"ule, v. t. Etym: [See module, n., Modulate.]

Defn: To model; also, to modulate. [Obs.] Sandys. Drayton.

MODULUS
Mod"u*lus, n.; pl. Moduli. Etym: [L., a small measure. See Module,
n.] (Math., Mech., & Physics)

Defn: A quantity or coefficient, or constant, which expresses the
measure of some specified force, property, or quality, as of
elasticity, strength, efficiency, etc.; a parameter. Modulus of a
machine, a formula expressing the work which a given machine can
perform under the conditions involved in its construction; the
relation between the work done upon a machine by the moving power,
and that yielded at the working points, either constantly, if its
motion be uniform, or in the interval of time which it occupies in
passing from any given velocity to the same velocity again, if its
motion be variable; -- called also the efficiency of the machine.
Mosley. Rankine.
 -- Modulus of a system of logarithms (Math.), a number by which all
the Napierian logarithms must be multiplied to obtain the logarithms
in another system.
 -- Modulus of elasticity. (a) The measure of the elastic force of
any substance, expressed by the ratio of a stress on a given unit of
the substance to the accompanying distortion, or strain. (b) An
expression of the force (usually in terms of the height in feet or
weight in pounds of a column of the same body) which would be
necessary to elongate a prismatic body of a transverse section equal
to a given unit, as a square inch or foot, to double, or to compress
it to half, its original length, were that degree of elongation or
compression possible, or within the limits of elasticity; -- called
also Young's modulus.
 -- Modulus of rupture, the measure of the force necessary to break a
given substance across, as a beam, expressed by eighteen times the
load which is required to break a bar of one inch square, supported
flatwise at two points one foot apart, and loaded in the middle
between the points of support. Rankine.

MODUS
Mo"dus, n.; pl. Modi. Etym: [L. See Mode.] (Old Law)

1. The arrangement of, or mode of expressing, the terms of a contract
or conveyance.

2. (Law)

Defn: A qualification involving the idea of variation or departure
from some general rule or form, in the way of either restriction or
enlargement, according to the circumstances of the case, as in the
will of a donor, an agreement between parties, and the like. Bracton.

3. (Law)

Defn: A fixed compensation or equivalent given instead of payment of
tithes in kind, expressed in full by the phrase modus decimandi.
Blackstone.
They, from time immemorial, had paid a modus, or composition. Landor.
Modus operandi ( Etym: [L.], manner of operating.

MODUS VIVENDI
Mo"dus vi*ven"di. [L.]

Defn: Mode, or manner, of living; hence, a temporary arrangement of
affairs until disputed matters can be settled.

MODY
Mod"y, a. Etym: [From Mode.]

Defn: Fashionable. [R.]

MOE
Moe, n.

Defn: A wry face or mouth; a mow. [Obs.]

MOE
Moe, v. i.

Defn: To make faces; to mow. [Obs.]

MOE
Moe, a., adv., & n. Etym: [AS. ma See More.]

Defn: More. See Mo. [Obs.] "Sing no more ditties, sing no moe." Shak.

MOEBLES
Moe"bles, n. pl. Etym: [OE., fr. OF. moeble, mueble, movable, from L.
mobilis.]

Defn: Movables; furniture; -- also used in the singular (moeble).
[Obs.] Chaucer.

MOELLINE
Mo"el*line, n. Etym: [F. moelle, fr. L. medulla marrow.]

Defn: An unguent for the hair.

MOELLON
Mo"el*lon, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Rubble masonry.

MOESOGOTHIC
Moe`so*goth"ic, a.

Defn: Belonging to the Moesogoths, a branch of the Goths who settled
in Moesia.

MOESOGOTHIC
Moe`so*goth"ic, n.

Defn: The language of the Moesogoths; -- also called Gothic.

MOEVE
Moeve, v. t. & i.

Defn: To move. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MOFF
Moff, n.

Defn: A thin silk stuff made in Caucasia.

MOG
Mog, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Mogged; p. pr. & vb. n. Mogging.] [Etym.
unknown.]

Defn: To move away; to go off. [Prov. Eng. or Local, U. S.]

MOGGAN
Mog"gan, n.

Defn: A closely fitting knit sleeve; also, a legging of knitted
material. [Scot.]

MOGUL
Mo*gul", n. Etym: [From the Mongolian.]

1. A person of the Mongolian race.

2. (Railroad)

Defn: A heavy locomotive for freight traffic, having three pairs of
connected driving wheels and a two-wheeled truck. Great, or Grand,
Mogul, the sovereign of the empire founded in Hindostan by the
Mongols under Baber in the sixteenth century. Hence, a very important
personage; a lord; -- sometimes only mogul. Dryden.

MOHA
Mo"ha, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of millet (Setaria Italica); German millet.

MOHAIR
Mo"hair`, n. Etym: [F. moire, perh. from Ar. mukhayyar a kind of
coarse camelot or haircloth; but prob. fr. L. marmoreus of marble,
resembling marble. Cf. Moire, Marble.]

Defn: The long silky hair or wool of the Angora goat of Asia Minor;
also, a fabric made from this material, or an imitation of such
fabric.

MOHAMMEDAN
Mo*ham"med*an, a. Etym: [From Mohammed, fr. Ar. muhámmad
praiseworthy, highly praised.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Mohammed, or the religion and institutions
founded by Mohammed. [Written also Mahometan, Mahomedan, Muhammadan,
etc.]

MOHAMMEDAN
Mo*ham"med*an, n.

Defn: A follower of Mohammed, the founder of Islamism; one who
professes Mohammedanism or Islamism.

MOHAMMEDAN CALENDAR
Mo*ham"med*an cal"en*dar.

Defn: A lunar calendar reckoning from the year of the hegira, 622 a.
d. Thirty of its years constitute a cycle, of which the 2d, 5th, 7th,
10th, 13th, 16th, 18th, 21st, 24th, 26th, and 29th are leap years,
having 355 days; the others are common, having 354 days. By the
following tables any Mohammedan date may be changed into the
Christian date, or vice versa, for the years 1900-1935 a. d.

Months of the Mohammedan year.

1 Muharram . . . .. 30 2 Safar . . . . . . .. 29 3 Rabia I . . . . .
. 30 4 Rabia II . . . .. 29 5 Jumada I . . . .. 30 6 Jumada II . . .
. 29 7 Rajab . . . . . . .. 30 8 Shaban . . . . . . . 29 9 Ramadan .
. . . . . 30 10 Shawwal . . . . . . 29 11 Zu'lkadah . . . . 30 12
Zu'lhijjah . . . 29* * in leap year, 30 days

a. h. a. d. a. h.    a. d.

1317  begins May 12, 1899      1336* begins Oct.17, 1917 1318
May  1, 1900      1337         Oct. 7, 1918 1319*        Apr.20, 1901
1338*        Sept.26,1919 1320         Apr.10, 1902      1339
Sept.15,1920 1321+        Mar.30, 1903      1340         Sept.4, 1921
1322*        Mar.18, 1904      1341*        Aug.24, 1922 1323
Mar. 8, 1905      1342         Aug.14, 1923 1324         Feb.25, 1906
1343         Aug. 2, 1924 1325*        Feb.14, 1907      1344*
July 22,1925 1326         Feb. 4, 1908      1345         July 12,1926
1327*        Jan.23, 1909      1346*        July 1, 1927 1328
Jan.13, 1910      1347         June 20,1928 1329         Jan. 2, 1911
1348         June 9, 1929 1330*        Dec.22, 1911      1349*
May 29, 1930 1331         Dec.11, 1912      1350         May 19, 1931
1332         Nov.30, 1913      1351++       May  7, 1932 1333*
Nov.19, 1914      1352*        Apr.26, 1933 1334         Nov. 9, 1915
1353         Apr.16, 1934 1335         Oct.28, 1916      1354
Apr. 5, 1935 * Leap year  + First year of the 45th cycle ++ First
year of the 46th cycle

The following general rule for finding the date of commencement of
any Mohammedan year has a maximum error of a day: Multiply 970,224 by
the Mohammedan year, point off six decimal places, and add 621.5774.
The whole number will be the year a. d., and the decimal multiplied
by 365 will give the day of the year.

MOHAMMEDAN ERA
Mohammedan Era.

Defn: The era in use in Mohammedan countries. See Mohammedan year,
below.

MOHAMMEDANISM; MOHAMMEDISM
Mo*ham"med*an*ism, Mo*ham"med*ism, n.

Defn: The religion, or doctrines and precepts, of Mohammed, contained
in the Koran; Islamism.

MOHAMMEDANIZE; MOHAMMEDIZE
Mo*ham"med*an*ize, Mo*ham"med*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make conformable to the principles, or customs and rites, of
Mohammedanism. [Written also Mahometanize.]

MOHAMMEDAN YEAR
Mohammedan year.

Defn: The year used by Mohammedans, consisting of twelve lunar months
without intercalation, so that they retrograde through all the
seasons in about 32½ years. The Mohammedan era begins with the year
622 a.d., the first day of the Mohammedan year 1332 begin Nov. 30,
1913, acording to the Gregorian calendar.

MOHAWK
Mo"hawk, n.

1. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of a tribe of Indians who formed part of the Five Nations.
They formerly inhabited the valley of the Mohawk River.

2. One of certain ruffians who infested the streets of London in the
time of Addison, and took the name from the Mohawk Indians. [Slang]
Spectator. Macaulay.

MOHICANS
Mo*hi"cans, n. pl.; sing. Mohican (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Lenni-Lenape Indians who formerly inhabited Western
Connecticut and Eastern New York. [Written also Mohegans.]

MOHO
Mo"ho, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gallinule (Notornis Mantelli) formerly inhabiting New
Zealand, but now supposed to be extinct. It was incapable of flight.
See Notornis.

MOHOCK
Mo"hock, n.

Defn: See Mohawk.

MOHOLI
Mo*ho"li, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Maholi.

MOHR
Mohr, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African gazelle (Gazella mohr), having horns on which
are eleven or twelve very prominent rings. It is one of the species
which produce bezoar. [Written also mhorr.]

MOHUR
Mo"hur, n. Etym: [Hind., fr. Per. muhur, muhr, a gold coin, a seal,
seal ring.]

Defn: A British Indian gold coin, of the value of fifteen silver
rupees, or $7.21. Malcom.

MOHURRUM; MUHARRAM
Mo*hur"rum, Mu*har"ram, n. Etym: [Ar. muharram, prop., sacred,
forbidden, n., the first month of the Mohammedan lunar year.]

1. The first month of the Mohammedan year. Whitworth.

2. A festival of the Shiah sect of the Mohammedans held during the
first ten days of the month Mohurrum.

MOIDER
Moi"der, v. i.

Defn: To toil. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

MOIDORE
Moi"dore, n. Etym: [Pg. moeda d'ouro, lit., coin of gold. Cf. Money,
and Aureate.]

Defn: A gold coin of Portugal, valued at about 27s. sterling.

MOIETY
Moi"e*ty, n.; pl. Moieties. Etym: [F. moitié, L. medietas, fr. medius
middle, half. See Mid, a., and cf. Mediate, Mediety.]

1. One of two equal parts; a half; as, a moiety of an estate, of
goods, or of profits; the moiety of a jury, or of a nation. Shak.
The more beautiful moiety of his majesty's subject. Addison.

2. An indefinite part; a small part. Shak.

MOIL
Moil, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Moiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Moiling.] Etym:
[OE. moillen to wet, OF. moillier, muillier, F. mouller, fr.
(assumed) LL. molliare, fr. L. mollis soft. See Mollify.]

Defn: To daub; to make dirty; to soil; to defile.
Thou ... doest thy mind in dirty pleasures moil. Spenser.

MOIL
Moil, v. i. Etym: [From Moil to daub; prob. from the idea of
struggling through the wet.]

Defn: To soil one's self with severe labor; to work with painful
effort; to labor; to toil; to drudge.
Moil not too much under ground. Bacon.
Now he must moil and drudge for one he loathes. Dryden.

MOIL
Moil, n.

Defn: A spot; a defilement.
The moil of death upon them. Mrs. Browning.

MOILE
Moile, n. Etym: [F. mule a slipper.]

Defn: A kind of high shoe anciently worn. [Written also moyle.]

MOINEAU
Moi"neau, n. Etym: [F.] (Fort.)

Defn: A small flat bastion, raised in the middle of an overlong
curtain.

MOIRA
Moi"ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Greek Myth.)

Defn: The deity who assigns to every man his lot.

MOIRE
Moire, n. Etym: [F. Cf. Mohair.]

1. Originally, a fine textile fabric made of the hair of an Asiatic
goat; afterwards, any textile fabric to which a watered appearance is
given in the process of calendering.

2. A watered, clouded, or frosted appearance produced upon either
textile fabrics or metallic surfaces. Moire antique, a superior kind
of thick moire.

MOIRE METALLIQUE
Moi`ré" mé`tal`lique". Etym: [F.]

Defn: A crystalline or frosted appearance produced by some acids on
tin plate; also, the tin plate thus treated.

MOIST
Moist, a. Etym: [OE. moiste, OF. moiste, F. moite, fr. L. muccidus,
for mucidus, moldy, musty. Cf. Mucus, Mucid.]

1. Moderately wet; damp; humid; not dry; as, a moist atmosphere or
air. "Moist eyes." Shak.

2. Fresh, or new. [Obs.] "Shoes full moist and new." "A draught of
moist and corny ale." Chaucer.

MOIST
Moist, v. t.

Defn: To moisten. [Obs.] Shak.

MOISTEN
Mois"ten, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Moistened; p. pr. & vb. n. Moistening.]

1. To make damp; to wet in a small degree.
A pipe a little moistened on the inside. Bacon.

2. To soften by making moist; to make tender.
It moistened not his executioner's heart with any pity. Fuller.

MOISTENER
Mois"ten*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, moistens. Johnson.

MOISTFUL
Moist"ful, a.

Defn: Full of moisture. [R.]

MOISTLESS
Moist"less, a.

Defn: Without moisture; dry. [R.]

MOISTNESS
Moist"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being moist.

MOISTURE
Mois"ture, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. moistour, F. moiteur.]

1. A moderate degree of wetness. Bacon.

2. That which moistens or makes damp or wet; exuding fluid; liquid in
small quantity.
All my body's moisture Scarce serves to quench my furnace-burning
heat. Shak.

MOISTURELESS
Mois"ture*less, a.

Defn: Without moisture.

MOISTY
Moist"y, a.

Defn: Moist. [Obs.]

MOITHER
Moi"ther, v. t. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: To perplex; to confuse. [Prov. Eng.] Lamb.

MOITHER
Moi"ther, v. i.

Defn: To toil; to labor. [Prov. Eng.]

MOJARRA
Mo*jar"ra, n. [Sp.]

Defn: Any of certain basslike marine fishes (mostly of tropical seas,
and having a deep, compressed body, protracile mouth, and large
silvery scales) constituting the family Gerridæ, as Gerres plumieri,
found from Florida to Brazil and used as food. Also, any of numerous
other fishes of similar appearance but belonging to other families.

MOKADOUR
Mok"a*dour, n. Etym: [Sp. mocador handkerchief.]

Defn: A handkerchief. [Obs.]

MOKE
Moke, n.

Defn: A donkey. [Cant] Thackeray.

MOKE
Moke, n.

Defn: A mesh of a net, or of anything resembling a net. Halliwell.

MOKY
Mo"ky, a. Etym: [Cf. Icel. mökkvi cloud, mist, mökkr a dense cloud,
W. mwg smoke, and E. muggy, muck.]

Defn: Misty; dark; murky; muggy. [Obs.]

MOLA
Mo"la, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Sunfish, 1.

MOLAR
Mo"lar, a. Etym: [L. moles mass.] (Mech.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a mass of matter; -- said of the properties
or motions of masses, as distinguished from those of molecules or
atoms. Carpenter.

MOLAR
Mo"lar, a. Etym: [L. molaris, fr. mola mill, fr. molere to grind in a
mill. See Mill the machine.]

Defn: Having power to grind; grinding; as, the molar teeth; also, of
or pertaining to the molar teeth. Bacon.

MOLAR
Mo"lar, n. (Anat.)

Defn: Any one of the teeth back of the incisors and canines. The
molar which replace the deciduous or milk teeth are designated as
premolars, and those which are not preceded by deciduous teeth are
sometimes called true molars. See Tooth.

MOLARY
Mo"la*ry, a.

Defn: Same as 2d Molar.

MOLASSE
Mo*lasse", n. Etym: [F. molasse, prob. fr. mollasse flabby, flimsy,
fr. L. mollis soft.] (Geol.)

Defn: A soft Tertiary sandstone; -- applied to a rock occurring in
Switzerland. See Chart of Geology.

MOLASSES
Mo*las"ses, n. Etym: [F. mélasse, cf. Sp. melaza, Pg. melaço, fr. L.
mellaceus honeylike, honey-sweet, mel, mellis, honey. See
Mellifluous, and cf. Melasses.]

Defn: The thick, brown or dark colored, viscid, uncrystallizable
sirup which drains from sugar, in the process of manufacture; any
thick, viscid, sweet sirup made from vegetable juice or sap, as of
the sorghum or maple. See Treacle.

MOLD
Mold, n. Etym: [See Mo a spot.]

Defn: A spot; a blemish; a mole. [Obs.] Spenser.

MOLD; MOULD
Mold, Mould, n. Etym: [OE. molde, AS. molde; akin to D. mul, G. mull,
mulm, OHG. molt, molta, Icel. mold, Dan. muld, Sw. mull, Goth. mulda,
and E. meal flour. See Meal, and cf. Mole an animal, Mull, v.] [The
prevalent spelling is, perhaps, mould; but as the u has not been
inserted in the other words of this class, as bold, gold, old, cold,
etc., it seems desirable to complete the analogy by dropping it from
this word, thus spelling it as Spenser, South, and many others did.
The omission of the u is now very common in America.]

1. Crumbling, soft, friable earth; esp., earth containing the remains
or constituents of organic matter, and suited to the growth of
plants; soil.

2. Earthy material; the matter of which anything is formed; composing
substance; material.
The etherial mold, Incapable of stain. Milton.
Nature formed me of her softest mold. Addison.

MOLD; MOULD
Mold, Mould, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Molded or Moulded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Molding or Moulding.]

Defn: To cover with mold or soil. [R.]

MOLD; MOULD
Mold, Mould, n. Etym: [From the p.p. of OE. moulen to become moldy,
to rot, prob. fr. Icel. mygla to grow musty, mugga mugginess; cf. Sw.
mögla to grow moldy. See Muggy, and cf. Moldy.] (Bot.)

Defn: A growth of minute fungi of various kinds, esp. those of the
great groups Hyphomycetes, and Physomycetes, forming on damp or
decaying organic matter.

Note: The common blue mold of cheese, the brick-red cheese mold, and
the scarlet or orange strata which grow on tubers or roots stored up
for use, when commencing to decay, are familiar examples. M. J.
Berkley.

MOLD; MOULD
Mold, Mould, v. t.

Defn: To cause to become moldy; to cause mold to grow upon.

MOLD; MOULD
Mold, Mould, v. i.

Defn: To become moldy; to be covered or filled, in whole or in part,
with a mold.

MOLD; MOULD
Mold, Mould, n. Etym: [OE. molde, OF. mole, F. moule, fr. L. modulus.
See Model.] [For spelling, see 2d Mold, above.]

1. The matrix, or cavity, in which anything is shaped, and from which
it takes its form; also, the body or mass containing the cavity; as,
a sand mold; a jelly mold. Milton.

2. That on which, or in accordance with which, anything is modeled or
formed; anything which serves to regulate the size, form, etc., as
the pattern or templet used by a shipbuilder, carpenter, or mason.
The glass of fashion and the mold of form. Shak.

3. Cast; form; shape; character.
Crowned with an architrave of antique mold. Pope.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: A group of moldings; as, the arch mold of a porch or doorway;
the pier mold of a Gothic pier, meaning the whole profile, section,
or combination of parts.

5. (Anat.)

Defn: A fontanel.

6. (Paper Making)

Defn: A frame with a wire cloth bottom, on which the pump is drained
to form a sheet, in making paper by hand.

MOLD; MOULD
Mold, Mould, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. mouler, OF. moler, moller. See Mold
the matrix.]

1. To form into a particular shape; to shape; to model; to fashion.
He forgeth and moldeth metals. Sir M. Hale.
Did I request thee, Maker, from my clay To mold me man Milton.

2. To ornament by molding or carving the material of; as, a molded
window jamb.

3. To knead; as, to mold dough or bread.

4. (Founding)

Defn: To form a mold of, as in sand, in which a casting may be made.

MOLDABLE; MOULDABLE
Mold"a*ble, Mould"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being molded or formed.

MOLDBOARD; MOULDBOARD
Mold"board`, Mould"board`, n.

1. A curved plate of iron (originally of wood) back of the share of a
plow, which turns over the earth in plowing.

2. (Founding)

Defn: A follow board.

MOLDER; MOULDER
Mold"er, Mould"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, molds or forms into shape; specifically
(Founding), one skilled in the art of making molds for castings.

MOLDER; MOULDER
Mold"er, Mould"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Moldered or Mouldered; p. pr.
& vb. n. Moldering or Mouldering.] Etym: [From Mold fine soft earth:
cf. Prov. G. multern.]

Defn: To crumble into small particles; to turn to dust by natural
decay; to lose form, or waste away, by a gradual separation of the
component particles, without the presence of water; to crumble away.
The moldering of earth in frosts and sun. Bacon.
When statues molder, and when arches fall. Prior.
If he had sat still, the enemy's army would have moldered to nothing.
Clarendon.

MOLDER; MOULDER
Mold"er, Mould"er, v. t.

Defn: To turn to dust; to cause to crumble; to cause to waste away.
[Time's] gradual touch Has moldered into beauty many a tower. Mason.

MOLDERY; MOULDERY
Mold"er*y, Mould"er*y, a.

Defn: Covered or filled with mold; consisting of, or resembling,
mold.

MOLDINESS; MOULDINESS
Mold"i*ness, Mould"i*ness, n. Etym: [From Moldy.]

Defn: The state of being moldy.

MOLDING; MOULDING
Mold"ing, Mould"ing, n.

1. The act or process of shaping in or on a mold, or of making molds;
the art or occupation of a molder.

2. Anything cast in a mold, or which appears to be so, as grooved or
ornamental bars of wood or metal.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A plane, or curved, narrow surface, either sunk or projecting,
used for decoration by means of the lights and shades upon its
surface. Moldings vary greatly in pattern, and are generally used in
groups, the different members of each group projecting or retreating,
one beyond another. See Cable, n., 3, and Crenelated molding, under
Crenelate, v. t.

MOLDING; MOULDING
Mold"ing, Mould"ing, p.a.

Defn: Used in making a mold or moldings; used in shaping anything
according to a pattern. Molding, or Moulding, board. (a) See Follow
board, under Follow, v. t. (b) A board on which bread or pastry is
kneaded and shaped.
 -- Molding, or Moulding, machine. (a) (Woodworking) A planing
machine for making moldings. (b) (Founding) A machine to assist in
making molds for castings.
 -- Molding, or Moulding, mill, a mill for shaping timber.
 -- Molding, or Moulding, sand (Founding), a kind of sand containing
clay, used in making molds.

MOLDWARP; MOULDWARP
Mold"warp, Mould"warp, n. Etym: [OE. moldwerp: AS. molde soil +
weorpan to throw up; cf. OD. molworp, G. maulwurf, Icel. moldvarpa,
Dan. muldvarp. See Mold soil, Warp, and cf. Mole the animal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Mole the animal. Spenser.

MOLDY; MOULDY
Mold"y, Mould"y, a. [Compar. Moldier or Mouldier; superl. Moldiest or
Mouldiest.] Etym: [From Mold the growth of fungi.]

Defn: Overgrown with, or containing, mold; as, moldy cheese or bread.

MOLE
Mole, n. Etym: [AS. mal; akin to OHG. meil, Goth. mail Cf. Mail a
spot.]

1. A spot; a stain; a mark which discolors or disfigures. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.

2. A spot, mark, or small permanent protuberance on the human body;
esp., a spot which is dark-colored, from which commonly issue one or
more hairs.

MOLE
Mole, n. Etym: [L. mola.]

Defn: A mass of fleshy or other more or less solid matter generated
in the uterus.

MOLE
Mole, n. Etym: [F. môle, L. moles. Cf. Demolish, Emolument, Molest.]

Defn: A mound or massive work formed of masonry or large stones,
etc., laid in the sea, often extended either in a right line or an
arc of a circle before a port which it serves to defend from the
violence of the waves, thus protecting ships in a harbor; also,
sometimes, the harbor itself. Brande & C.

MOLE
Mole, n. Etym: [OE. molle, either shortened fr. moldwerp, or from the
root of E. mold soil: cf. D. mol, OD. molworp. See Moldwarp.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any insectivore of the family Talpidæ. They have minute eyes
and ears, soft fur, and very large and strong fore feet.

Note: The common European mole, or moldwarp (Talpa Europæa), is noted
for its extensive burrows. The common American mole, or shrew mole
(Scalops aquaticus), and star-nosed mole (Condylura cristata) have
similar habits.

Note: In the Scriptures, the name is applied to two unindentified
animals, perhaps the chameleon and mole rat.

2. A plow of peculiar construction, for forming underground drains.
[U.S.] Duck mole. See under Duck.
 -- Golden mole. See Chrysochlore.
 -- Mole cricket (Zoöl.), an orthopterous insect of the genus
Gryllotalpa, which excavates subterranean galleries, and throws up
mounds of earth resembling those of the mole. It is said to do damage
by injuring the roots of plants. The common European species
(Gryllotalpa vulgaris), and the American (G. borealis), are the best
known.
 -- Mole rat (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World rodents
of the genera Spalax, Georychus, and several allied genera. They are
molelike in appearance and habits, and their eyes are small or
rudimentary.
 -- Mole shrew (Zoöl.), any one of several species of short-tailed
American shrews of the genus Blarina, esp. B. brevicauda.
 -- Water mole, the duck mole.

MOLE
Mole, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Moled; p. pr. & vb. n. Moling.]

1. To form holes in, as a mole; to burrow; to excavate; as, to mole
the earth.

2. To clear of molehills. [Prov. Eng.] Pegge.

MOLEBUT
Mole"but, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sunfish (Orthagoriscus, or Mola). [Written also molebat.]

MOLECAST
Mole"cast`, n.

Defn: A little elevation of earth made by a mole; a molehill.
Mortimer.

MOLECH
Mo"lech, n. Etym: [Heb. molek king.] (Script.)

Defn: The fire god of the Ammonites, to whom human sacrifices were
offered; Moloch. Lev. xviii. 21.

MOLECULAR
Mo*lec"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. moléculare. See Molecule.] (Phys. &
Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, connected with, produced by, or consisting of,
molecules; as, molecular forces; molecular groups of atoms, etc.
Molecular attraction (Phys.), attraction acting between the molecules
of bodies, and at insensible distances.
 -- Molecular weight (Chem.), the weight of a molecule of any gas or
vapor as compared with the hydrogen atom as a standard; the sum of
the atomic weights of the constituents of a molecule; thus, the
molecular weight of water (H2O) is 18.

MOLECULARITY
Mo*lec`u*lar"i*ty, n. (Phys. & Chem.)

Defn: The state of consisting of molecules; the state or quality of
being molecular.

MOLECULARLY
Mo*lec"u*lar*ly, adv. (Phys. & Chem.)

Defn: With molecules; in the manner of molecules. W. R. Grove.

MOLECULE
Mol"e*cule, n. Etym: [Dim. fr. L. moles a mass: cf. F. molécule. See
3d Mole.]

1. One of the very small invisible particles of which all matter is
supposed to consist.

2. (Physics)

Defn: The smallest part of any substance which possesses the
characteristic properties and qualities of that substance, and which
can exist alone in a free state.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: A group of atoms so united and combined by chemical affinity
that they form a complete, integrated whole, being the smallest
portion of any particular compound that can exist in a free state;
as, a molecule of water consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one of
oxygen. Cf. Atom.

MOLE-EYED
Mole"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having eyes like those of the mole; having imperfect sight.

MOLEHILL
Mole"hill`, n.

Defn: A little hillock of earth thrown up by moles working under
ground; hence, a very small hill, or an insignificant obstacle or
difficulty.
Having leapt over such mountains, lie down before a molehill. South.

MOLENDINACEOUS; MOLENDINARIOUS
Mo*len`di*na"ceous, Mo*len`di*na"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. molendinarius,
fr. molendinum a mill, fr. molere to grind.] (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling the sails of a windmill.

MOLESKIN
Mole"skin`, n.

Defn: Any fabric having a thick soft shag, like the fur of a mole;
esp., a kind of strong twilled fustian.

MOLEST
Mo*lest", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Molested; p. pr. & vb. n. Molesting.]
Etym: [F. molester, L. molestare, fr. molestus troublesome, fr. moles
a heavy mass, load, burden. See 3d Mole.]

Defn: To trouble; to disturb; to render uneasy; to interfere with; to
vex.
They have molested the church with needless opposition. Hooker.

Syn.
 -- To trouble; disturb; incommode; inconvenience; annoy; vex; tease.

MOLEST
Mo*lest", n.

Defn: Molestation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MOLESTATION
Mol`es*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. molestation.]

Defn: The act of molesting, or the state of being molested;
disturbance; annoyance.

MOLESTER
Mo*lest"er, n.

Defn: One who molests.

MOLESTFUL
Mo*lest"ful, a.

Defn: Troublesome; vexatious. [R.]

MOLESTIE; MOLESTY
Mo*les"tie, Mo*les"ty, n. Etym: [L. molestia.]

Defn: Molestation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MOLEWARP
Mole"warp`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Moldwarp.

MOLIMINOUS
Mo*lim"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. molimen a great exertion; moles a heavy
mass.]

Defn: Of great bulk or consequence; very important. [Obs.] Dr. H.
More.

MOLINE
Mo"line, n. Etym: [L. molina mill, fr. molere to grind. See Mill.]

Defn: The crossed iron that supports the upper millstone by resting
on the spindle; a millrind. Cross moline (Her.), a cross each arm of
which is divided at the end into two rounded branches or divisions.

MOLINISM
Mo"lin*ism, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The doctrines of the Molinists, somewhat resembling the tenets
of the Arminians.

MOLINIST
Mo"lin*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of the opinions of Molina, a Spanish Jesuit (in
respect to grace); an opposer of the Jansenists.

MOLL
Moll, a. Etym: [G., fr. L. mollis soft, tender, elegiac. Cf. Molle.]
(Mus.)

Defn: Minor; in the minor mode; as, A moll, that is, A minor.

MOLLAH
Mol"lah, n. Etym: [Ar. maula, commonly mollain Turkey.]

Defn: One of the higher order of Turkish judges; also, a Turkish
title of respect for a religious and learned man. [Written also
moolah.]

MOLLE
Mol"le, a. Etym: [See Moll.] (Mus.)

Defn: Lower by a semitone; flat; as, E molle, that is, E flat.

MOLLEBART
Mol"le*bart, n.

Defn: An agricultural implement used in Flanders, consisting of a
kind of large shovel drawn by a horse and guided by a man. [Written
also mollebært and mouldebært.] Simmonds.

MOLLEMOKE
Mol"le*moke`, n. Etym: [Sw. mallemucke the stormy petrel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large pelagic petrels and
fulmars, as Fulmarus glacialis, of the North Atlantic, and several
species of Æstrelata, of the Southern Ocean. See Fulmar. [Written
also mollymawk, malmock, mollemock, mallemocke, etc.]

MOLLIENT
Mol"lient, a. Etym: [L. molliens, p.p. of mollire to soften, fr.
mollis soft.]

Defn: Serving to soften; assuaging; emollient.

MOLLIENTLY
Mol"lient*ly, adv.

Defn: Assuagingly.

MOLLIFIABLE
Mol"li*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being mollified.

MOLLIFICATION
Mol`li*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [LL. mollificatio; cf. F. mollification.]

Defn: The act of mollifying, or the state of being mollified; a
softening. Chaucer.

MOLLIFIER
Mol"li*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, mollifies. Bacon.

MOLLIFY
Mol"li*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mollified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Mollifying.] Etym: [F. mollifier, L. mollificare; mollis soft + -
ficare (in comp.) to make. See Enmollient, Moil, v. t., and -fy.]

1. To soften; to make tender; to reduce the hardness, harshness, or
asperity of; to qualify; as, to mollify the ground.
With sweet science mollified their stubborn hearts. Spenser.

2. To assuage, as pain or irritation, to appease, as excited feeling
or passion; to pacify; to calm.

MOLLINET
Mol"li*net, n. Etym: [Cf. Moline.]

Defn: A little mill.

MOLLIPILOSE
Mol`li*pi*lose", a. Etym: [L. mollis soft + pilosus hairy.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having soft hairs; downy.

MOLLITIES
Mol*li"ti*es, n. Etym: [L., softness.] (Med.)

Defn: Unnatural softness of any organ or part. Dunglison.

MOLLITUDE
Mol"li*tude, n. Etym: [L. mollitudo, fr. mollis soft.]

Defn: Softness; effeminacy; weakness. [R.]

MOLLUSC
Mol"lusc, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Mollusk.

MOLLUSCA
Mol*lus"ca, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Mollusk.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom, including the
classes Cephalopoda, Gastropoda, PteropodaScaphopoda, and
Lamellibranchiata, or Conchifera. These animals have an unsegmented
bilateral body, with most of the organs and parts paired, but not
repeated longitudinally. Most of them develop a mantle, which
incloses either a branchial or a pulmonary cavity. They are generally
more or less covered and protected by a calcareous shell, which may
be univalve, bivalve, or multivalve.

Note: Formerly the Brachiopoda, Bryzoa, and Tunicata were united with
the Lamellibranchiata in an artificial group called Acephala, which
was also included under Mollusca. See Molluscoudea.

MOLLUSCAN
Mol*lus"can, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to mollusks.
 -- n.

Defn: A mollusk; one of the Mollusca.

MOLLUSCOID
Mol*lus"coid, a. Etym: [Mollusca + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling the true mollusks; belonging to the Molluscoidea.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Molluscoidea.

MOLLUSCOIDAL
Mol`lus*coid"al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Molluscoid.

MOLLUSCOIDEA
Mol`lus*coi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Mollusk, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Invertebrata which includes the classes
Brachiopoda and Bryozoa; -- called also Anthoid Mollusca.

Note: Originally the Tunicata were included under Molluscoidea, from
which they are known to differ widely in structure and embryology.
Molluscoidea were formerly considered a subdivision of Mollusca, but
they are now known to have more relationship with Annelida than with
Mollusca.

MOLLUSCOUS
Mol*lus"cous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Molluscan.

MOLLUSCUM
Mol*lus"cum, n. Etym: [NL. See Mollusk.] (Med.)

Defn: A cutaneous disease characterized by numerous tumors, of
various forms, filled with a thick matter; -- so called from the
resemblance of the tumors to some molluscous animals. Dunglison.

MOLLUSK
Mol"lusk, n. Etym: [F. mollusque, L. mollusca a kind of soft nut with
a thin shell, fr. molluscus soft, mollis soft. See Mollify.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Mollusca. [Written also mollusc.]

MOLLY
Mol"ly, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Mollemoke.

MOLLY
Mol"ly, n.

Defn: A pet or colloquial name for Mary. Molly cottontail. (Zoöl.)
See Cottontail.
 -- Molly Maguire (ma*gwir"); pl. Molly Maguires (-gwirz). (a) A
member of a secret association formed among the tenantry in Ireland
about 1843, principally for the purpose of intimidating law officers
and preventing the service of legal writs. Its members disguised
themselves in the dress of women. (b) A member of a similar
association of Irishmen organized in the anthracite coal region of
Pennsylvania, about 1854, for the purpose of intimidating employers
and officers of the law, and for avenging themselves by murder on
persons obnoxious to them. The society was broken up by criminal
prosecutions in 1876.

MOLLY-MAWK
Mol"ly-mawk`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Mollemoke.

MOLOCH
Mo"loch, n. Etym: [Heb. molek king.]

1. (Script.)

Defn: The fire god of the Ammonites in Canaan, to whom human
sacrifices were offered; Molech. Also applied figuratively.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spiny Australian lizard (Moloch horridus). The horns on the
head and numerous spines on the body give it a most formidable
appearance.

MOLOKANE; MOLOKANY
Mol`o*ka"ne, Mol`o*ka"ny, n. pl. [Russ. molokane.]

Defn: See Raskolnik.

MOLOSSE
Mo*losse", n.

Defn: See Molossus.

MOLOSSES
Mo*los"ses, n.

Defn: Molasses. [Obs.]

MOLOSSINE
Mo*los"sine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bat of the genus Molossus, as the monk bat.

MOLOSSUS
Mo*los"sus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. & Lat. Pros.)

Defn: A foot of three long syllables. [Written also molosse.]

MOLT
Molt, obs.imp.

Defn: of Melt. Chaucer. Spenser.

MOLT; MOULT
Molt, Moult, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Molted or Moulted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Molting or Moulting.] Etym: [OE. mouten, L. mutare. See Mew to molt,
and cf. Mute, v. t.] [The prevalent spelling is, perhaps, moult; but
as the u has not been inserted in the otherwords of this class, as,
bolt, colt, dolt, etc., it is desirable to complete the analogy by
the spelling molt.]

Defn: To shed or cast the hair, feathers, skin, horns, or the like,
as an animal or a bird. Bacon.

MOLT; MOULT
Molt, Moult, v. t.

Defn: To cast, as the hair, skin, feathers, or the like; to shed.

MOLT; MOULT
Molt, Moult, n.

Defn: The act or process of changing the feathers, hair, skin, etc.;
molting.

MOLTABLE
Molt"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of assuming a molten state; meltable; fusible. [Obs.]

MOLTEN
Mol"ten, a. Etym: [See Melt.]

1. Melted; being in a state of fusion, esp. when the liquid state is
produced by a high degree of heat; as, molten iron.

2. Made by melting and casting the substance or metal of which the
thing is formed; as, a molten image.

MOLTO
Mol"to, adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Much; very; as, molto adagio, very slow.

MOLY
Mo"ly, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. A fabulous herb of occult power, having a black root and white
blossoms, said by Homer to have been given by Hermes to Ulysses to
counteract the spells of Circe. Milton.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of garlic (Allium Moly) with large yellow flowers; --
called also golden garlic.

MOLYBDATE
Mo*lyb"date, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of molybdic acid.

MOLYBDENA
Mol`yb*de"na, n. Etym: [L. molybdaena galena, Gr. (Min.)

Defn: See Molybdenite.

MOLYBDENITE
Mo*lyb"de*nite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. molybdénite. See Molybdena.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in soft, lead-gray, foliated masses or
scales, resembling graphite; sulphide of molybdenum.

MOLYBDENOUS
Mo*lyb"de*nous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: See Molybdous.

MOLYBDENUM
Mol`yb*de"num, n. Etym: [NL.: cf. F. molybdène. See Molybdena.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A rare element of the chromium group, occurring in nature in
the minerals molybdenite and wulfenite, and when reduced obtained as
a hard, silver-white, difficulty fusible metal. Symbol Mo. Atomic
weight 95.9.

MOLYBDIC
Mo*lyb"dic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. molybdique. See molybdena.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, molybdenum; specif.,
designating those compounds in which the element has a higher
valence, as contrasted with molybdous compounds; as, molybdic oxide.

MOLYBDITE
Mo*lyb"dite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Molybdic ocher.

MOLYBDOUS
Mo*lyb"dous, a. Etym: [See Molybdena.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, molybdenum; specif.,
designating those compounds in which molybdenum has a lower valence
as contrasted with molybdic compounds.

MOME
Mome, n. Etym: [Cf. Mumm, Momus.]

Defn: A dull, silent person; a blockhead. [Obs.] Spenser.

MOMENT
Mo"ment, n. Etym: [F. moment, L. momentum, for movimentum movement,
motion, moment, fr. movere to move. See Move, and cf. Momentum,
Movement.]

1. A minute portion of time; a point of time; an instant; as, at thet
very moment.
In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye. 1 Cor. xv. 52.

2. Impulsive power; force; momentum.
The moments or quantities of motion in bodies. Berkley.
Touch, with lightest moment of impulse, His free will. Milton.

3. Importance, as in influence or effect; consequence; weight or
value; consideration.
Matters of great moment. Shak.
It is an abstruse speculation, but also of far less moment and
consequence of us than the others. Bentley.

4. An essential element; a deciding point, fact, or consideration; an
essential or influential circumstance.

5. (Math.)

Defn: An infinitesimal change in a varying quantity; an increment or
decrement. [Obs.]

6. (Mech.)

Defn: Tendency, or measure of tendency, to produce motion, esp.
motion about a fixed point or axis. Moment of a couple (Mech.), the
product of either of its forces into the perpendicular distance
between them.
 -- Moment of a force. (Mech.) (a) With respect to a point, the
product of the intensity of the force into the perpendicular distance
from the point to the line of direction of the force. (b) With
respect to a line, the product of that component of the force which
is perpendicular to the plane passing through the line and the point
of application of the force, into the shortest distance between the
line and this point. (c) With respect to a plane that is parallel to
the force, the product of the force into the perpendicular distance
of its point of application from the plane.
 -- Moment of inertia, of a rotating body, the sum of the mass of
each particle of matter of the body into the square of its distance
from the axis of rotation; -- called also moment of rotation and
moment of the mass.
 -- Statical moment, the product of a force into its leverage; the
same as moment of a force with respect to a point, line, etc.
 -- Virtual moment. See under Virtual.

Syn.
 -- Instant; twinkling; consequence; weight; force; value;
consideration; signification; avail.

MOMENTAL
Mo*men"tal, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. momental.] [Obs.]

1. Lasting but a moment; brief.
Not one momental minute doth she swerve. Breton.

2. Important; momentous.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to moment or momentum.

MOMENTALLY
Mo*men"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: For a moment. [Obs.]

MOMENTANEOUS; MOMENTANY
Mo`men*ta"ne*ous, Mo"men*ta*ny, a. Etym: [L. momentaneus: cf. F.
momentané.]

Defn: Momentary. [Obs.] Hooker. "Momentany as a sound." Shak.

MOMENTARILY
Mo"men*ta*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: Every moment; from moment to moment. Shenstone.

MOMENTARINESS
Mo"men*ta*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being momentary; shortness of duration.

MOMENTARY
Mo"men*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. momentarius. See Moment.]

Defn: Done in a moment; continuing only a moment; lasting a very
short time; as, a momentary pang.
This momentary joy breeds months of pain. Shak.

MOMENTLY
Mo"ment*ly, adv.

1. For a moment.

2. In a moment; every moment; momentarily.

MOMENTOUS
Mo*men"tous, a. Etym: [Cf. L. momentosus rapid, momentary.]

Defn: Of moment or consequence; very important; weighty; as, a
momentous decision; momentous affairs.
 -- Mo*men"tous*ly, adv.
 -- Mo*men"tous*ness, n.

MOMENTUM
Mo*men"tum, n.; pl. L. Momenta, F. Momentums. Etym: [L. See Moment.]

1. (Mech.)

Defn: The quantity of motion in a moving body, being always
proportioned to the quantity of matter multiplied into the velocity;
impetus.

2. Essential element, or constituent element.
I shall state the several momenta of the distinction in separate
propositions. Sir W. Hamilton.

MOMIER
Mom"i*er, n. Etym: [F. mômier, fr. OF. momer, mommer, to mumm, to
mask one's self.]

Defn: A name given in contempt to strict Calvinists in Switzerland,
France, and some parts of Germany, in the early part of the 19th
century.

MOMMERY
Mom"mer*y, n.

Defn: See Mummery. Rowe.

MOMOT
Mo"mot, n. Etym: [Momot and motmot, the native American name.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: See Motmot.

MOMUS
Mo"mus, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: The god of mockery and censure.

MON-
Mon-.

Defn: Same as Mono-.

MONA
Mo"na, n. Etym: [CF. Sp. & Pg. mona, fem. of mono a monkey, ape.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, handsome, long-tailed West American monkey
(Cercopithecus mona). The body is dark olive, with a spot of white on
the haunches.

MONACHAL
Mon"a*chal, a. Etym: [L. monachus a monk: cf. F. monacal. See Monk.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to monks or a monastic life; monastic.

MONACHISM
Mon"a*chism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. monachisme.]

Defn: The system and influences of a monastic life; monasticism.

MONACID
Mon*ac"id, a. Etym: [Mon- + acid.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having one hydrogen atom replaceable by a negative or acid atom
or radical; capable of neutralizing a monobasic acid; -- said of
bases, and of certain metals.

MONAD
Mon"ad, n. Etym: [L. monas, -adis, a unit, Gr.

1. An ultimate atom, or simple, unextended point; something ultimate
and indivisible.

2. (Philos. of Leibnitz)

Defn: The elementary and indestructible units which were conceived of
as endowed with the power to produce all the changes they undergo,
and thus determine all physical and spiritual phenomena.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the smallest flangellate Infusoria; esp., the species of
the genus Monas, and allied genera.

4. (Biol.)

Defn: A simple, minute organism; a primary cell, germ, or plastid.

5. (Chem.)

Defn: An atom or radical whose valence is one, or which can combine
with, be replaced by, or exchanged for, one atom of hydrogen. Monad
deme (Biol.), in tectology, a unit of the first order of
individuality.

MONADARIA
Mon`a*da"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Monad.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Infusoria.

MONADELPHIA
Mon`a*del"phi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan class of plants having the stamens united into a
tube, or ring, by the filaments, as in the Mallow family.

MONADELPHIAN; MONADELPHOUS
Mon`a*del"phi*an, Mon`a*del"phous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. monadelphie.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Monadelphia; having the stamens united
in one body by the filaments.

MONADIC; MONADICAL
Mo*nad"ic, Mo*nad"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, a monad, in any of its senses. See
Monad, n. Dr. H. More.

MONADIFORM
Mo*nad"i*form, a. Etym: [Monad + -form.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having the form of a monad; resembling a monad in having one or
more filaments of vibratile protoplasm; as, monadiform young.

MONADOLOGY
Mon`ad*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Monad + -logy.] (Philos.)

Defn: The doctrine or theory of monads.

MONAL
Mo*nal", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any Asiatic pheasant of the genus Lophophorus, as the Impeyan
pheasant.

MONAMIDE
Mon*am"ide, n. Etym: [Mon- + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: An amido compound with only one amido group.

MONAMINE
Mon*am"ine, n. Etym: [Mon- + amine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A basic compound containing one amido group; as, methyl amine
is a monamine.

MONANDER
Mo*nan"der, n. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the Monandria.

MONANDRIA
Mo*nan"dri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan class of plants embracing those having but a single
stamen.

MONANDRIAN
Mo*nan"dri*an, a.; (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Monandrous.

MONANDRIC
Mo*nan"dric, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to monandry; practicing monandry as a system
of marriage.

MONANDROUS
Mo*nan"drous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the monandria; having but one stamen.

MONANDRY
Mo*nan"dry, n. Etym: [See Monandria.]

Defn: The possession by a woman of only one husband at the same time;
-- contrasted with polyandry.

MONANTHOUS
Mo*nan"thous, a. Etym: [Mon- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having but one flower; one-flowered. Gray.

MONARCH
Mon"arch, n. Etym: [F. monarque, L. monarcha, fr. Gr. Archi-.]

1. A sole or supreme ruler; a sovereign; the highest ruler; an
emperor, king, queen, prince, or chief.
He who reigns Monarch in heaven, ... upheld by old repute. Milton.

2. One superior to all others of the same kind; as, an oak is called
the monarch of the forest.

3. A patron deity or presiding genius.
Come, thou, monarch of the vine, Plumpy Bacchus. Shak.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large red and black butterfly (Danais Plexippus); --
called also milkweed butterfly.

MONARCH
Mon"arch, a.

Defn: Superior to others; preëminent; supreme; ruling. "Monarch
savage." Pope.

MONARCHAL
Mo*nar"chal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a monarch; suiting a monarch; sovoreign; regal;
imperial.
Satan, whom now transcendent glory raised Above his fellows, with
monarchal pride. Milton.

MONARCHESS
Mon"arch*ess, n.

Defn: A female monarch. [Obs.]

MONARCHIAL
Mo*nar"chi*al, a.

Defn: Monarchic. Burke.

MONARCHIAN
Mo*nar"chi*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect in the early Christian church which rejected the
doctrine of the Trinity; -- called also patripassian.

MONARCHIC; MONARCHICAL
Mo*nar"chic, Mo*nar"chic*al, a. Etym: [F. monarchique, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a monarch, or to monarchy. Burke.
 -- Mo*nar"chic*al*ly, adv.

MONARCHISM
Mon"arch*ism, n.

Defn: The principles of, or preference for, monarchy.

MONARCHIST
Mon"arch*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. monarchiste.]

Defn: An advocate of, or believer in, monarchy.

MONARCHIZE
Mon"arch*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Monarchized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Monarchizing.]

Defn: To play the sovereign; to act the monarch. [R.] Shak.

MONARCHIZE
Mon"arch*ize, v. t.

Defn: To rule; to govern. [R.]

MONARCHIZER
Mon"arch*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who monarchizes; also, a monarchist.

MONARCHO
Mo*nar"cho, n.

Defn: The nickname of a crackbrained Italian who fancied himself an
emperor. [Obs.] Shak.

MONARCHY
Mon"arch*y, n.; pl. Monarchies. Etym: [F. monarchie, L. monarchia,
Gr. Monarch.]

1. A state or government in which the supreme power is lodged in the
hands of a monarch.

2. A system of government in which the chief ruler is a monarch.
In those days he had affected zeal for monarchy. Macaulay.

3. The territory ruled over by a monarch; a kingdom.
What scourage for perjury Can this dark monarchy afford false
Clarence. Shak.
Fifth monarchy, a universal monarchy, supposed to be the subject of
prophecy in Daniel ii.; the four preceding monarchies being Assyrian,
Persian, Grecian, and Roman. See Fifth Monarchy men, under Fifth.

MONAS
Mo"nas, n. Etym: [NL. See Monad.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of minute flagellate Infusoria of which there are many
species, both free and attached. See Illust. under Monad.

MONASTERIAL
Mon`as*te"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. monasterials, fr. monasterium.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to monastery, or to monastic life.
 -- Mon`as*te"ri*al*ly, adv.

MONASTERY
Mon"as*te*ry, n.; pl. Monasteries. Etym: [L. monasterium, Gr.
Minister.]

Defn: A house of religious retirement, or of secusion from ordinary
temporal concerns, especially for monks; -- more rarely applied to
such a house for females.

Syn.
 -- Convent; abbey; priory. See Cloister.

MONASTIC
Mo*nas"tic, n.

Defn: A monk.

MONASTIC; MONASTICAL
Mo*nas"tic, Mo*nas"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. monastique. See Monastery.]

1. Of or pertaining to monasteries, or to their occupants, rules,
etc., as, monastic institutions or rules.

2. Secluded from temporal concerns and devoted to religion; recluse.
"A life monastic." Denham.

MONASTICALLY
Mo*nas"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a monastic manner.

MONASTICISM
Mo*nas"ti*cism, n.

Defn: The monastic life, system, or condition. Milman.

MONASTICON
Mo*nas"ti*con, n. Etym: [NL. See Monastic.]

Defn: A book giving an account of monasteries.

MONATOMIC
Mon`a*tom"ic, adv. Etym: [Mon- + atomic.] (Chem.)
(a) Consisting of, or containing, one atom; as, the molecule of
mercury is monatomic.
(b) Having the equivalence or replacing power of an atom of hydrogen;
univalent; as, the methyl radical is monatomic.

MONAXIAL
Mo*nax"i*al, a. Etym: [Mon- + axial.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having only one axis; developing along a single line or plane;
as, monaxial development.

MONAZITE
Mon"a*zite, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring usually in small isolated crystals, --
phosphate of the cerium metals.

MONDAY
Mon"day, n. Etym: [OE. moneday, monenday, AS. monandæg, i.e., day of
the moon, day sacred to the moon; akin to D. maandag, G. montag, OHG.
manatag, Icel. manadagr, Dan. mandag, Sw. måndag. See Moon, and Day.]

Defn: The second day of the week; the day following Sunday.

MONDE
Monde, n. Etym: [F. See Mundane.]

Defn: The world; a globe as an ensign of royalty. [R.] A. Drummond.
Le beau monde Etym: [F.], fashionable society. See Beau monde.
 -- Demi monde. See Demimonde.

MONE
Mone, n.

Defn: The moon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MONE
Mone, n.

Defn: A moan. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MONECIAN; MONECIOUS
Mo*ne"cian, Mo*ne"cious, a. (Bot.)

Defn: See Monoecian, and Monoecious.

MONEMBRYONY
Mon*em"bry*o*ny, n. Etym: [See Mono-, and Embryo.] (Bot.)

Defn: The condition of an ovule having but a single embryo.
 -- Mon*em`bry*on"ic, a.

MONER
Mo"ner, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Monera.

MONERA
Mo*ne"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lowest division of rhizopods, including those which
resemble the amoebas, but are destitute of a nucleus.

MONERAL
Mo*ne"ral, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Monera.

MONERAN
Mo*ne"ran, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Monera.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Monera.

MONERON
Mo*ne"ron, n.; pl. L. Monera; E. Monerons. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Monera.

MONERULA
Mo*ner"u*la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of moner. See Monera.] (Biol.)

Defn: A germ in that stage of development in which its form is simply
that of a non-nucleated mass of protoplasm. It precedes the one-
celled germ. So called from its likeness to a moner. Haeckel.

MONESIA
Mo*ne"sia, n. (Pharm.)

Defn: The bark, or a vegetable extract brought in solid cakes from
South America and believed to be derived from the bark, of the tree
Chrysophyllum glycyphloeum. It is used as an alterative and
astringent.

MONESIN
Mo*ne"sin, n.

Defn: The acrid principle of Monesia, sometimes used as a medicine.

MONEST
Mo*nest", v. t. Etym: [See Admonish.]

Defn: To warn; to admonish; to advise. [Obs.] Wyclif (2 Cor. v. 20).

MONETARY
Mon"e*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. monetarius belonging to a mint. See Money.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to money, or consisting of money; pecuniary.
"The monetary relations of Europe." E. Everett. Monetary unit, the
standard of a national currency, as the dollar in the United States,
the pound in England, the franc in France, the mark in Germany.

MONETH
Mon"eth, n.

Defn: A month. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MONETIZATION
Mon`e*ti*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of converting into money, or of adopting as
money; as, the monetization of silver.

MONETIZE
Mon"e*tize, v. t.

Defn: To convert into money; to adopt as current money; as, to
monetize silver.

MONEY
Mon"ey, n.; pl. Moneys. Etym: [OE. moneie, OF. moneie, F. monnaie,
fr. L. moneta. See Mint place where coin is made, Mind, and cf.
Moidore, Monetary.]

1. A piece of metal, as gold, silver, copper, etc., coined, or
stamped, and issued by the sovereign authority as a medium of
exchange in financial transactions between citizens and with
government; also, any number of such pieces; coin.
To prevent such abuses, ... it has been found necessary ... to affix
a public stamp upon certain quantities of such particular metals, as
were in those countries commonly made use of to purchase goods. Hence
the origin of coined money, and of those public offices called mints.
A. Smith.

2. Any written or stamped promise, certificate, or order, as a
government note, a bank note, a certificate of deposit, etc., which
is payable in standard coined money and is lawfully current in lieu
of it; in a comprehensive sense, any currency usually and lawfully
employed in buying and selling.

Note: Whatever, among barbarous nations, is used as a medium of
effecting exchanges of property, and in the terms of which values are
reckoned, as sheep, wampum, copper rings, quills of salt or of gold
dust, shovel blades, etc., is, in common language, called their
money.

3. In general, wealth; property; as, he has much money in land, or in
stocks; to make, or lose, money.
The love of money is a root of all kinds of evil. 1 Tim vi. 10 (Rev.
Ver. ).
Money bill (Legislation), a bill for raising revenue.
 -- Money broker, a broker who deals in different kinds of money; one
who buys and sells bills of exchange; -- called also money changer.
 -- Money cowrie (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Cypræa (esp.
C. moneta) formerly much used as money by savage tribes. See Cowrie.
 -- Money of account, a denomination of value used in keeping
accounts, for which there may, or may not, be an equivalent coin;
e.g., the mill is a money of account in the United States, but not a
coin.
 -- Money order, an order for the payment of money; specifically, a
government order for the payment of money, issued at one post office
as payable at another; -- called also postal money order.
 -- Money scrivener, a person who produces the loan of money to
others. [Eng.] -- Money spider, Money spinner (Zoöl.), a small
spider; -- so called as being popularly supposed to indicate that the
person upon whom it crawls will be fortunate in money matters.
 -- Money's worth, a fair or full equivalent for the money which is
paid.
 -- A piece of money, a single coin.
 -- Ready money, money held ready for payment, or actually paid, at
the time of a transaction; cash.
 -- To make money, to gain or acquire money or property; to make a
profit in dealings.

MONEY
Mon"ey, v. t.

Defn: To supply with money. [Obs.]

MONEYAGE
Mon"ey*age, n. Etym: [Cf. F. monnayage coinage.]

1. A tax paid to the first two Norman kings of England to prevent
them from debashing the coin. Hume.

2. Mintage; coinage. [Obs.]

MONEYED
Mon"eyed, adv.

1. Supplied with money; having money; wealthy; as, moneyey men.
Bacon.

2. Converted into money; coined.
If exportation will not balance importation, away must your silver go
again, whether moneyed or not moneyed. Locke.

3. Consisting in, or composed of, money. A. Hamilton.

MONEYER
Mon"ey*er, n. Etym: [From Money; cf. OF. monoier, F. monnoayeur, L.
monetarius a master of the mint. Cf. Monetary.]

1. A person who deals in money; banker or broker. [Obs. or R.]

2. An authorized coiner of money. Sir M. Hale. The Company of
Moneyers, the officials who formerly coined the money of Great
Britain, and who claimed certain prescriptive rights and privileges.

MONEYLESS
Mon"ey*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of money; penniless; impecunious. Swift.

MONEY-MAKER
Mon"ey-mak`er, n.

1. One who coins or prints money; also, a counterfeiter of money.
[R.]

2. One who accumulates money or wealth; specifically, one who makes
money-getting his governing motive.

MONEY-MAKING
Mon"ey-mak`ing, n.

Defn: The act or process of making money; the acquisition and
accumulation of wealth.
Obstinacy in money-making. Milman.

MONEY-MAKING
Mon"ey-mak`ing, a.

1. Affording profitable returns; lucrative; as, a money-making
business.

2. Sussessful in gaining money, and devoted to that aim; as, a money-
making man.

MONEYWORT
Mon"ey*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A trailing plant (Lysimachia Nummularia), with rounded opposite
leaves and solitary yellow flowers in their axils.

MONGCORN
Mong"corn`, n.

Defn: See Mangcorn.

MONGER
Mon"ger, n. Etym: [AS. mangere, fr. mangian to trade; akin to Icel.
manga to trade, mangari a trader, OHG. mangari, mengari; cf. L. mango
a dealer in slaves.]

1. A trader; a dealer; -- now used chiefly in composition; as,
fishmonger, ironmonger, newsmonger.

2. A small merchant vessel. [Obs.] Blount.

MONGER
Mon"ger, v. t.

Defn: To deal in; to make merchandise of; to traffic in; -- used
chiefly of discreditable traffic.

MONGOL
Mon"gol, n.

Defn: One of the Mongols.
 -- a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Mongolia or the Mongols.

MONGOLIAN
Mon*go"li*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Mongolia or the Mongols.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Mongols.

MONGOLIC
Mon*gol"ic, a.

Defn: See Mongolian.

MONGOLOID
Mon"go*loid, a. Etym: [Mongol + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling a Mongol or the Mongols; having race
characteristics, such as color, hair, and features, like those of the
Mongols. Huxley.

MONGOLS; MONGOLIANS
Mon"gols, Mon*go"li*ans, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of the great races of man, including the greater part of
the inhabitants of China, Japan, and the interior of Asia, with
branches in Northern Europe and other parts of the world. By some
American Indians are considered a branch of the Mongols. In a more
restricted sense, the inhabitants of Mongolia and adjacent countries,
including the Burats and the Kalmuks.

MONGOOSE; MONGOOS
Mon"goose, Mon"goos, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of ichneumon (Herpestes griseus), native of India.
Applied also to other allied species, as the African banded mongoose
(Crossarchus fasciatus). [Written also mungoose, mungoos, mungous.]

MONGREL
Mon"grel, n. Etym: [Prob. shortened fr. mongrel, and akin to AS.
mengan to mix, and E. mingle. See Mingle.]

Defn: The progeny resulting from a cross between two breeds, as of
domestic animals; anything of mixed breed. Drayton.

MONGREL
Mon"grel, a.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Not of a pure breed.

2. Of mixed kinds; as, mongrel language.

MONGRELIZE
Mon"grel*ize, v. t. & i.

Defn: To cause to be mongrel; to cross breeds, so as to produce
mongrels.

'MONGST
'Mongst, prep.

Defn: See Amongst.

MONIED
Mon"ied, a.

Defn: See Moneyed.

MONIFIER
Mo*nif"i*er, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. monile necklace + ferre to bear.]
(Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil fish.

MONILIALES
Mo*nil`i*a"les, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. monile necklace, -- because the
conidia are produced in chains.] (Bot.)

Defn: The largest of the three orders into which the Fungi Imperfecti
are divided, including various forms.

MONILIFORM
Mo*nil"i*form, a. Etym: [L. monile necklace + -form: cf. F.
moniliforme.] (Biol.)

Defn: Joined or constricted, at regular intervals, so as to resemble
a string of beads; as, a moniliform root; a moniliform antenna. See
Illust. of Antenna.

MONIMENT
Mon"i*ment, n. Etym: [L. monimentum, monumentum. See Monument.]

Defn: Something to preserve memory; a reminder; a monument; hence, a
mark; an image; a superscription; a record. [Obs.] Spenser.

MONISH
Mon"ish, v. t. Etym: [OE. monesten. See Admonish, Monition.]

Defn: To admonish; to warn. See Admonish. [Archaic] Ascham.

MONISHER
Mon"ish*er, n.

Defn: One who monishes; an admonisher. [Archaic]

MONISHMENT
Mon"ish*ment, n.

Defn: Admonition. [Archaic]

MONISM
Mon"ism, n. Etym: [From Gr.

1. (Metaph.)

Defn: That doctrine which refers all phenomena to a single ultimate
constituent or agent; -- the opposite of dualism.

Note: The doctrine has been held in three generic forms: matter and
its phenomena have been explained as a modification of mind,
involving an idealistic monism; or mind has been explained by and
resolved into matter, giving a materialistic monism; or, thirdly,
matter, mind, and their phenomena have been held to be manifestations
or modifications of some one substance, like the substance of
Spinoza, or a supposed unknown something of some evolutionists, which
is capable of an objective and subjective aspect.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: See Monogenesis, 1.

MONIST
Mon"ist, n.

Defn: A believer in monism.

MONISTIC
Mo*nis"tic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or involving, monism.

MONITION
Mo*ni"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. monitio, from monere to warn, bring
to mind; akin to E. mind. See Mind, and cf. Admonish, Money,
Monster.]

1. Instruction or advice given by way of caution; an admonition; a
warning; a caution.
Sage monitions from his friends. Swift.

2. Information; indication; notice; advice.
We have no visible monition of ... other periods, such as we have of
the day by successive light and darkness. Holder.

3. (Admiralty Practice)

Defn: A process in the nature of a summons to appear and answer.

4. (Eccl. Law)

Defn: An order monishing a party complained against to obey under
pain of the law. Shipley.

MONITIVE
Mon"i*tive, a.

Defn: Conveying admonition; admonitory. Barrow.

MONITOR
Mon"i*tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. monere. See Monition, and cf. Mentor.]

1. One who admonishes; one who warns of faults, informs of duty, or
gives advice and instruction by way of reproof or caution.
You need not be a monitor to the king. Bacon.

2. Hence, specifically, a pupil selected to look to the school in the
absence of the instructor, to notice the absence or faults of the
scholars, or to instruct a division or class.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any large Old World lizard of the genus Varanus; esp., the
Egyptian species (V. Niloticus), which is useful because it devours
the eggs and young of the crocodile. It is sometimes five or six feet
long.

4. Etym: [So called from the name given by Captain Ericson, its
designer, to the first ship of the kind.]

Defn: An ironclad war vessel, very low in the water, and having one
or more heavily-armored revolving turrets, carrying heavy guns.

5. (Mach.)

Defn: A tool holder, as for a lathe, shaped like a low turret, and
capable of being revolved on a vertical pivot so as to bring
successively the several tools in holds into proper position for
cutting. Monitor top, the raised central portion, or clearstory, of a
car roof, having low windows along its sides.

MONITORIAL
Mon`i*to"ri*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a monitor or monitors.

2. Done or performed by a monitor; as, monitorial work; conducted or
taught by monitors; as, a monitorial school; monitorial instruction.

MONITORIALLY
Mon`i*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a monitorial manner.

MONITOR NOZZLE
Monitor nozzle.

Defn: A nozzle capable of turning completely round in a horizontal
plane and having a limited play in a vertical plane, used in
hydraulic mining, fire-extinguishing apparatus, etc.

MONITORSHIP
Mon"i*tor*ship, n.

Defn: The post or office of a monitor.

MONITORY
Mon"i*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. monitorius.]

Defn: Giving admonition; instructing by way of caution; warning.
Losses, miscarriages, and disappointments, are monitory and
instructive. L'Estrange.

MONITORY
Mon"i*to*ry, n.

Defn: Admonition; warning; especially, a monition proceeding from an
ecclesiastical court, but not addressed to any one person.

MONITRESS; MONITRIX
Mon"i*tress, Mon"i*trix, n.

Defn: A female monitor.

MONK
Monk, n. Etym: [AS. munuc, munec, munc, L. monachus, Gr. Monachism.]

1. A man who retires from the ordinary temporal concerns of the
world, and devotes himself to religion; one of a religious community
of men inhabiting a monastery, and bound by vows to a life of
chastity, obedience, and poverty. "A monk out of his cloister."
Chaucer.
Monks in some respects agree with regulars, as in the substantial
vows of religion; but in other respects monks and regulars differ;
for that regulars, vows excepted, are not tied up to so strict a rule
of life as monks are. Ayliffe.

2. (Print.)

Defn: A blotch or spot of ink on a printed page, caused by the ink
not being properly distributed. It is distinguished from a friar, or
white spot caused by a deficiency of ink.

3. A piece of tinder made of agaric, used in firing the powder hose
or train of a mine.

4. (Zoöl.)
(a) A South American monkey (Pithecia monachus); also applied to
other species, as Cebus xanthocephalus.
(b) The European bullfinch. Monk bat (Zoöl.), a South American and
West Indian bat (Molossus nasutus); -- so called because the males
live in communities by themselves.
 -- Monk bird(Zoöl.), the friar bird.
 -- Monk seal (Zoöl.), a species of seal (Monachus albiventer)
inhabiting the Black Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, and the adjacent
parts of the Atlantic.
 -- Monk's rhubarb (Bot.), a kind of dock; -- also called patience
(Rumex Patientia).

MONKERY
Monk"er*y, n.; pl. Monkeries (.

1. The life of monks; monastic life; monastic usage or customs; --
now usually applied by way of reproach.
Miters, and wretched dead mediæval monkeries. Carlyle.

2. A collective body of monks. [Obs.]
Though he have a whole monkery to sing for him. Latimer.

MONKEY
Mon"key, n.; pl. Monkeys. Etym: [Cf. OIt. monicchio, It. monnino,
dim. of monna an ape, also dame, mistress, contr. fr. madonna. See
Madonna.]

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) In the most general sense, any one of the Quadrumana, including
apes, baboons, and lemurs.
(b) Any species of Quadrumana, except the lemurs.
(c) Any one of numerous species of Quadrumana (esp. such as have a
long tail and prehensile feet) exclusive of apes and baboons.

Note: The monkeys are often divided into three groups: (a)
Catarrhines, or Simidæ. These have an oblong head, with the oblique
flat nostrils near together. Some have no tail, as the apes. All
these are natives of the Old World. (b) Platyrhines, or Cebidæ. These
have a round head, with a broad nasal septum, so that the nostrils
are wide apart and directed downward. The tail is often prehensile,
and the thumb is short and not opposable. These are natives of the
New World. (c) Strepsorhines, or Lemuroidea. These have a pointed
head with curved nostrils. They are natives of Southern Asia, Africa,
and Madagascar.

2. A term of disapproval, ridicule, or contempt, as for mischievous
child.
This is the monkey's own giving out; she is persuaded I will marry
her. Shak.

3. The weight or hammer of a pile driver, that is, a very heavy mass
of iron, which, being raised on high, falls on the head of the pile,
and drives it into the earth; the falling weight of a drop hammer
used in forging.

4. A small trading vessel of the sixteenth century. Monkey boat.
(Naut.) (a) A small boat used in docks. (b) A half-decked boat used
on the River Thames.
 -- Monkey block (Naut.), a small single block strapped with a
swivel. R. H. Dana, Jr.
 -- Monkey flower (Bot.), a plant of the genus Mimulus; -- so called
from the appearance of its gaping corolla. Gray.
 -- Monkey gaff (Naut.), a light gaff attached to the topmast for the
better display of signals at sea.
 -- Monkey jacket, a short closely fitting jacket, worn by sailors.
 -- Monkey rail (Naut.), a second and lighter rail raised about six
inches above the quarter rail of a ship.
 -- Monkey shine, monkey trick. [Slang, U.S.] -- Monkey trick, a
mischievous prank. Saintsbury.
 -- Monkey wheel. See Gin block, under 5th Gin.
 -- Monkey wrench, a wrench or spanner having a movable jaw.

MONKEY
Mon"key, v. t. & i.

Defn: To act or treat as a monkey does; to ape; to act in a grotesque
or meddlesome manner. To monkey with, to handle in a meddlesome
manner. [Colloq.]

MONKEY-BREAD
Mon"key-bread`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of the Adansonia digitata; also, the tree. See
Adansonia.

MONKEY-CUP
Mon"key-cup`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Nepenthes.

MONKEY-POT
Mon"key-pot`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fruit of two South American trees (Lecythis Ollaria, and L.
Zabucajo), which have for their fruit large, pot-shaped, woody
capsules containing delicious nuts, and opening almost explosively by
a circular lid at the top. Vases and pots are made of this capsule.

MONKEY'S PUZZLE
Mon"key's puz"zle. (Bot.)

Defn: A lofty coniferous Chilian tree (Araucaria imbricata), the
branches of which are so crowded and intertwisted "as to puzzle a
monkey to climb." The edible nuts are over an inch long, and are
called piñon by the Chilians.

MONKEYTAIL
Mon"key*tail`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A short, round iron bar or lever used in naval gunnery. Totten.

MONKFISH
Monk"fish, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The angel fish (Squatina).
(b) The angler (Lophius).

MONKFLOWER
Monk"flow`er, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name of certain curious orchids which bear three kinds of
flowers formerly referred to three genera, but now ascertained to be
sexually different forms of the same genus (Catasetum tridentatum,
etc.).

MONKHOOD
Monk"hood, n. Etym: [Monk + -hood.]

1. The character or condition of a monk. Atterbury.

2. Monks, regarded collectively. Longfellow.

MONKING
Monk"ing, a.

Defn: Monkish. [R.] Coleridge.

MONKISH
Monk"ish, a.

Defn: Like a monk, or pertaining to monks; monastic; as, monkish
manners; monkish dress; monkish solitude.
 -- Monk"ish*ness, n.

MONKLY
Monk"ly, a.

Defn: Like, or suitable to, a monk. [R.]

MONKSHOOD
Monks"hood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Aconitum; aconite. See Aconite.

MONK'S SEAM
Monk's" seam`. (Naut.)

Defn: An extra middle seam made at the junction of two breadths of
canvas, ordinarily joined by only two rows of stitches.

MONO-; MON-
Mon"o-, Mon-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A prefix signifying one, single, alone; as, monocarp, monopoly;
(Chem.) indicating that a compound contains one atom, radical, or
group of that to the name of which it is united; as, monoxide,
monosulphide, monatomic, etc.

MONO
Mo"no, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The black howler of Central America (Mycetes villosus).

MONOBASIC
Mon`o*ba"sic, a. Etym: [Mono- + basic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Capable of being neutralized by a univalent base or basic
radical; having but one acid hydrogen atom to be replaced; -- said of
acids; as, acetic, nitric, and hydrochloric acids are monobasic.

MONOCARBONIC
Mon`o*car*bon"ic, a. Etym: [Mono- + carbonic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Containing one carboxyl group; as, acetic acid is a
monocarbonic acid.

MONOCARDIAN
Mon`o*car"di*an, a. Etym: [Mono- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a single heart, as fishes and amphibians.
 -- n.

Defn: An animal having a single heart.

MONOCARP
Mon"o*carp, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A monocarpic plant.

MONOCARPELLARY
Mon`o*car"pel*la*ry, a. Etym: [Mono- + carpellary.] (Bot.)

Defn: Consisting of a single carpel, as the fruit of the pea, cherry,
and almond.

MONOCARPIC; MONOCARPOUS
Mon`o*car"pic, Mon`o*car"pous, a. Etym: [Mono- + Gr. monocarpe.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Bearing fruit but once, and dying after fructification, as
beans, maize, mustard, etc.

Note: Annual and biennual herbs are monocarpic, so also some plants
of longer duration, as the century plant.

MONOCEPHALOUS
Mon`o*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Mono- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a solitary head; -- said of unbranched composite plants.

MONOCEROS
Mo*noc"e*ros, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. A one-horned creature; a unicorn; a sea monster with one horn.
Mighty monoceroses with immeasured tails. Spenser.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The Unicorn, a constellation situated to the east Orion.

MONOCHLAMYDEOUS
Mon`o*chla*myd"e*ous, a. Etym: [Mono- + Gr. monochlamydé.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having a single floral envelope, that is, a calyx without a
corolla, or, possibly, in rare cases, a corolla without a calyx.

MONOCHORD
Mon"o*chord, n. Etym: [L. monochordon, Gr. monocorde. See Chord, and
cf. Mainchord.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument for experimenting upon the mathematical relations
of musical sounds. It consists of a single string stretched between
two bridges, one or both of which are movable, and which stand upon a
graduated rule for the purpose of readily changing and measuring the
length of the part of the string between them.

MONOCHROMATIC
Mon`o*chro*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. monochromatique. See Monochrome.]

Defn: Consisting of one color, or presenting rays of light of one
color only. Monochromatic lamp (Opt.),a lamp whose flame yields rays
of some one homogenous light. It is of great importance in optical
experiments.

MONOCHROME
Mon"o*chrome, n. Etym: [Gr. monochrome.]

Defn: A painting or drawing in a single color; a picture made with a
single color.

MONOCHROMIC
Mon`o*chro"mic, a.

Defn: Made, or done, with a single color; as, a monochromic picture.

MONOCHROMY
Mon"o*chro`my, n.

Defn: The art of painting or drawing in monochrome.

MONOCHRONIC
Mon`o*chron"ic, a. Etym: [Mono- + Gr.

Defn: Existing at the same time; contemporaneous.

MONOCILIATED
Mon`o*cil"i*a`ted, a. Etym: [Mono- + ciliated.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having but one cilium.

MONOCLE
Mon"o*cle, n. Etym: [F. See Monocular.]

Defn: An eyeglass for one eye. Simmonds.

MONOCLINAL
Mon`o*cli"nal, a. Etym: [See Monoclinic.] (Geol.)

Defn: Having one oblique inclination; -- applied to strata that dip
in only one direction from the axis of elevation.

MONOCLINE
Mon"o*cline, n. (Geol.)

Defn: A monoclinal fold.

MONOCLINIC
Mon`o*clin"ic, a. Etym: [Mono- + Gr. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Having one oblique intersection; -- said of that system of
crystallization in which the vertical axis is inclined to one, but at
right angles to the other, lateral axis. See Crystallization.

MONOCLINOUS
Mo*noc"li*nous, a. Etym: [Mono- + Gr. monocline.] (Bot.)

Defn: Hermaphrodite, or having both stamens and pistils in every
flower.

MONOCONDYLA
Mon`o*con"dy*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Mono-, and Condyle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of vertebrates, including the birds and reptiles, or
those that have only one occipital condyle; the Sauropsida.

MONOCOTYL
Mon"o*co*tyl, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any monocotyledonous plant.

MONOCOTYLE
Mon"o*co*tyle, a. Etym: [Cf. F. monocotyle.] (Bot.)

Defn: Monocotyledonous.

MONOCOTYLEDON
Mon`o*cot`y*le"don, n. Etym: [Mono- + cotyledon: cf. F.
monocotylédone.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant with only one cotyledon, or seed lobe.

Note: The plural, monocotyledons, is used as the name of a large
class of plants, and is generally understood to be equivalent to the
term endogens.

MONOCOTYLEDONOUS
Mon`o*cot`y*le"don*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. monocotylédoné.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having only one cotyledon, seed lobe, or seminal leaf. Lindley.

MONOCRACY
Mo*noc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Mono- + -cracy, as in democracy.]

Defn: Government by a single person; undivided rule. Sydney Smith.

MONOCRAT
Mon"o*crat, n. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

Defn: One who governs alone.

MONOCROTIC
Mon`o*crot"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or showing, monocrotism; as, a monocrotic
pulse; a pulse of the monocrotic type.

MONOCROTISM
Mo*noc"ro*tism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: That condition of the pulse in which the pulse curve or
sphygmogram shows but a single crest, the dicrotic elevation entirely
disappearing.

MONOCULAR
Mo*noc"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. monoculus; Gr. oculus eye: cf. F.
monoculaire.]

1. Having only one eye; with one eye only; as, monocular vision.

2. Adapted to be used with only one eye at a time; as, a monocular
microscope.

MONOCULE
Mon"o*cule, n. Etym: [See Monocular.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small crustacean with one median eye.

MONOCULOUS
Mo*noc"u*lous, a.

Defn: Monocular. Glanvill.

MONOCYSTIC
Mon`o*cys"tic, a. Etym: [See Mono-, and Cyst.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a division (Monocystidea) of Gregarinida,
in which the body consists of one sac.

MONODACTYLOUS
Mon`o*dac"tyl*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. monodactyle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having but one finger or claw.

MONODELPH; MONODELPHIAN
Mon"o*delph, Mon`o*del"phi*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Monodelphia.

MONODELPHIA
Mon`o*del"phi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The group that includes all ordinary or placental mammals; the
Placentalia. See Mammalia.

MONODELPHIC; MONODELPHOUS
Mon`o*del"phic, Mon`o*del"phous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Monodelphia.

MONODIC; MONODICAL
Mo*nod"ic, Mo*nod"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Belonging to a monody.

2. (Mus.)
(a) For one voice; monophonic.
(b) Homophonic; -- applied to music in which the melody is confined
to one part, instead of being shared by all the parts as in the style
called polyphonic.

MONODIMETRIC
Mon`o*di*met"ric, a. Etym: [Mono- + dimetric.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: Dimetric.

MONODIST
Mon"o*dist, n.

Defn: A writer of a monody.

MONODRAMA; MONODRAME
Mon"o*dra`ma, Mon"o*drame, n. Etym: [Mono- + Gr.

Defn: A drama acted, or intended to be acted, by a single person.

MONODRAMATIC
Mon`o*dra*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a monodrama.

MONODY
Mon"o*dy, n.; pl. Monodies. Etym: [L. monodia, Gr. monodie. See Ode.]

Defn: A species of poem of a mournful character, in which a single
mourner expresses lamentation; a song for one voice.

MONODYNAMIC
Mon`o*dy*nam"ic, a. Etym: [Mono- + dynamic.]

Defn: Possessing but one capacity or power. "Monodynamic men." De
Quincey.

MONODYNAMISM
Mon`o*dy"na*mism, n.

Defn: The theory that the various forms of activity in nature are
manifestations of the same force. G. H. Lewes.

MONOECIA
Mo*noe"ci*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan class of plants, whose stamens and pistils are in
distinct flowers in the same plant.

MONOECIAN
Mo*noe"cian, a.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Monoecia; monoecious.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Monoecia.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A monoecious animal, as certain mollusks.

MONOECIOUS
Mo*noe"cious, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Having the sexes united in one individual, as when male and
female flowers grow upon the same individual plant; hermaphrodite; --
opposed to Ant: dioecious.

MONOECISM
Mo*noe"cism, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The state or condition of being monoecious.

MONOGAM
Mon"o*gam, n. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the Monogamia.

MONOGAMIA
Mon`o*ga"mi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Monogamous.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan order of plants, having solitary flowers with united
anthers, as in the genus Lobelia.

MONOGAMIAN; MONOGAMIC
Mon`o*ga"mi*an, Mon`o*gam"ic, a. Etym: [See Monogamous.]

1. Pertaining to, or involving, monogamy.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Monogamia; having a simple flower with
united anthers.

MONOGAMIST
Mo*nog"a*mist, n.

Defn: One who practices or upholds monogamy. Goldsmith.

MONOGAMOUS
Mo*nog"a*mous, a. Etym: [L. monogamus having but one wife, Gr.

1. Upholding, or practicing, monogamy.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Monogamian.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Mating with but one of the opposite sex; -- said of birds and
mammals.

MONOGAMY
Mo*nog"a*my, n. Etym: [L. monogamia, Gr. monogamie.]

1. Single marriage; marriage with but one person, husband or wife, at
the same time; -- opposed to polygamy. Also, one marriage only during
life; -- opposed to deuterogamy.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: State of being paired with a single mate.

MONOGASTRIC
Mon`o*gas"tric, a. Etym: [Mono- + Gr.

Defn: Having but a single stomach.

MONOGENESIS
Mon`o*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Mono- + genesis.]

1. Oneness of origin; esp. (Biol.), development of all beings in the
universe from a single cell; -- opposed to polygenesis. Called also
monism. Dana. Haeckel.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: That form of reproduction which requires but one parent, as in
reproduction by fission or in the formation of buds, etc., which drop
off and form new individuals; asexual reproduction. Haeckel.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: The direct development of an embryo, without metamorphosis,
into an organism similar to the parent organism; -- opposed to
metagenesis. E. van Beneden.

MONOGENETIC
Mon`o*ge*net"ic, a. Etym: [See Monogenesis.]

1. (Geol.)

Defn: One in genesis; resulting from one process of formation; --
used of a mountain range. Dana.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to, or involving, monogenesis; as, the monogenetic
school of physiologists, who admit but one cell as the source of all
beings.

MONOGENIC
Mon`o*gen"ic, a.

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to monogenesis.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing only one kind of germs, or young; developing only in
one way.

MONOGENISM
Mo*nog"e*nism, n. (Anthropol.)

Defn: The theory or doctrine that the human races have a common
origin, or constitute a single species.

MONOGENIST
Mo*nog"e*nist, n. (Anthropol.)

Defn: One who maintains that the human races are all of one species;
-- opposed to polygenist.

MONOGENISTIC
Mon`o*ge*nis"tic, a.

Defn: Monogenic.

MONOGENOUS
Mo*nog"e*nous, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to monogenesis; as, monogenous, or asexual,
reproduction.

MONOGENY
Mo*nog"e*ny, n.

1. Monogenesis.

2. (Anthropol.)

Defn: The doctrine that the members of the human race have all a
common origin.

MONOGONEUTIC
Mon`o*go*neu"tic, a. Etym: [Mono- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having but one brood in a season.

MONOGRAM
Mon"o*gram, n. Etym: [L. monogramma; Gr. monogramme. See Graphic.]

1. A character or cipher composed of two or more letters interwoven
or combined so as to represent a name, or a part of it (usually the
initials). Monograms are often used on seals, ornamental pins, rings,
buttons, and by painters, engravers, etc., to distinguish their
works. Monogram.

Note: The monogram above, combining the letters of the name Karolvs,
was used by Charlemagne.

2. A picture in lines; a sketch. [R.]

3. An arbitrary sign for a word. [R.]

MONOGRAMMAL
Mon"o*gram`mal, a.

Defn: See Monogrammic.

MONOGRAMMATIC
Mon`o*gram*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Monogrammic.

MONOGRAMMIC
Mon`o*gram"mic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a monogram.

MONOGRAMMOUS
Mon"o*gram`mous, a.

Defn: Monogrammic.

MONOGRAPH
Mon"o*graph, n. Etym: [Mono- + -graph.]

Defn: A written account or description of a single thing, or class of
things; a special treatise on a particular subject of limited range.

MONOGRAPHER
Mo*nog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: A writer of a monograph.

MONOGRAPHIC; MONOGRAPHICAL
Mon`o*graph"ic, Mon`o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. monographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a monograph, or to a monography; as, a
monographic writing; a monographic picture.
 -- Mon`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

MONOGRAPHIST
Mo*nog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: One who writes a monograph.

MONOGRAPHOUS
Mo*nog"ra*phous, a.

Defn: Monographic. [Obs.]

MONOGRAPHY
Mo*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Mono- + -graphy: cf. F. monographie.]

1. Representation by lines without color; an outline drawing.

2. A monograph. [Obs.]

MONOGYN
Mon"o*gyn, n. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the Monogynia.

MONOGYNIA
Mon`o*gyn"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan order of plants, including those which have only one
style or stigma.

MONOGYNIAN
Mon`o*gyn"i*an, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Monogynia; monogynous.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Monogynia.

MONOGYNOUS
Mo*nog"y*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. monogyne.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Monogynia; having only one style or stigma.

MONOGYNY
Mo*nog"y*ny, n. Etym: [See Monogynia.]

1. Marriage with the one woman only.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The state or condition of being monogynous.

MONOHEMEROUS
Mon`o*hem"er*ous, a. Etym: [Mono- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Lasting but one day.

MONOICOUS
Mo*noi"cous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Monoecious.

MONOLATRY
Mo*nol"a*try, n. Etym: [Mono- + Gr.

Defn: Worship of a single deity.

MONOLITH
Mon"o*lith, n. Etym: [F. monolithe, L. monolithus consisting of a
single stone, Gr.

Defn: A single stone, especially one of large size, shaped into a
pillar, statue, or monument.

MONOLITHAL
Mon"o*lith`al, a.

Defn: Monolithic.

MONOLITHIC
Mon`o*lith"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a monolith; consisting of a single stone.

MONOLOGIST
Mo*nol"o*gist, n. Etym: [See Monologue.]

Defn: One who soliloquizes; esp., one who monopolizes conversation in
company. De Quincey.

MONOLOGUE
Mon"o*logue, n. Etym: [F. monologue, Gr. Legend.]

1. A speech uttered by a person alone; soliloquy; also, talk or
discourse in company, in the strain of a soliloquy; as, an account in
monologue. Dryden.

2. A dramatic composition for a single performer.

MONOLOGY
Mo*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The habit of soliloquizing, or of monopolizing conversation.
It was not by an insolent usurpation that Coleridge persisted in
monology through his whole life. De Quincey.

MONOMACHIA; MONOMACHY
Mon`o*ma"chi*a, Mo*nom"a*chy, n. Etym: [L. monomachia, Gr.

Defn: A duel; single combat. "The duello or monomachia." Sir W.
Scott.

MONOMACHIST
Mo*nom"a*chist, n.

Defn: One who fights in single combat; a duelist.

MONOMANE
Mon"o*mane, n.

Defn: A monomaniac. [R.]

MONOMANIA
Mon`o*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Mono- + mania.]

Defn: Derangement of the mind in regard of a single subject only;
also, such a concentration of interest upon one particular subject or
train of ideas to show mental derangement.

Syn.
 -- Insanity; madness; alienation; aberration; derangement; mania.
See Insanity.

MONOMANIAC
Mon`oma"ni*ac, n.

Defn: A person affected by monomania.

MONOMANIAC; MONOMANIACAL
Mon`oma"ni*ac, Mon`oma"ni*a*cal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. monomaniaque.]

Defn: Affected with monomania, or partial derangement of intellect;
caused by, or resulting from, monomania; as, a monomaniacal delusion.

MONOME
Mon"ome, n. Etym: [F., fr. Gr. -nome as in binome. See Binomial.]
(Math.)

Defn: A monomial.

MONOMEROUS
Mo*nom"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Composed of solitary parts, as a flower with one sepal, one
petal, one stamen, and one pistil.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having but one joint; -- said of the foot of certain insects.

MONOMETALLIC
Mon`o*me*tal"lic, a.

Defn: Consisting of one metal; of or pertaining to monometallism.

MONOMETALLISM
Mon`o*met"al*lism, n. Etym: [Mono- + metal.]

Defn: The legalized use of one metal only, as gold, or silver, in the
standard currency of a country, or as a standard of money values. See
Bimetallism.

MONOMETALLIST
Mon`o*met"al*list, n.

Defn: One who believes in monometallism as opposed to bimetallism,
etc.

MONOMETER
Mo*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A rhythmic series, consisting of a single meter.

MONOMETRIC
Mon`o*met"ric, a. Etym: [Cf. F. monométrique.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: Same as Isometric.

MONOMIAL
Mo*no"mi*al, n. Etym: [See Monome, Binomial.] (Alg.)

Defn: A single algebraic expression; that is, an expression
unconnected with any other by the sign of addition, substraction,
equality, or inequality.

MONOMIAL
Mo*no"mi*al, a. (Alg.)

Defn: Consisting of but a single term or expression.

MONOMORPHIC; MONOMORPHOUS
Mon`o*mor"phic, Mon`o*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Mono- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Having but a single form; retaining the same form throughout
the various stages of development; of the same or of an essentially
similar type of structure; -- opposed to dimorphic, trimorphic, and
polymorphic.

MONOMPHALUS
Mo*nom"pha*lus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A form of double monster, in which two individuals are united
by a common umbilicus.

MONOMYA; MONOMYARIA
Mo*no"my*a, Mon`o*my*a"ri*a, n.pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of lamellibranchs having but one muscle for closing
the shell, as the oyster.

MONOMYARIAN; MONOMYARY
Mon`o*my"a*ri*an, Mon`o*my"a*ry, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Monomya.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Monomya.

MONONOMIAL
Mon`o*no"mi*al, n. & a.

Defn: Monomyal.

MONOOUSIAN; MONOOUSIOUS
Mon`o*ou"si*an, Mon`o*ou"si*ous, a. Etym: [Mono- + Gr. (Theil.)

Defn: Having but one and the same nature or essence.

MONOPATHY
Mo*nop"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Suffering or sensibility in a single organ or function.
 -- Mon`o*path"ic, a.

MONOPERSONAL
Mon`o*per"son*al, a. Etym: [Mono- + personal.]

Defn: Having but one person, or form of existence.

MONOPETALOUS
Mon`o*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Mono- + petal: cf. F. monopétale.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having only one petal, or the corolla in one piece, or composed
of petals cohering so as to form a tube or bowl; gamopetalous.

Note: The most recent authors restrict this form to flowers having a
solitary petal, as in species of Amorpha, and use gamopetalous for a
corolla of several petals combined into one piece. See Illust. of
Gamopetalous.

MONOPHANOUS
Mo*noph"a*nous, a. Etym: [Mono- + Gr.

Defn: Having one the same appearance; having a mutual resemblance.

MONOPHONIC
Mon`o*phon"ic, a. Etym: [Mono- + Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: Single-voiced; having but one part; as, a monophonic
composition; -- opposed to Ant: polyphonic.

MONOPHTHONG
Mon"oph*thong, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A single uncompounded vowel sound.

2. A combination of two written vowels pronounced as one; a digraph.

MONOPHTHONGAL
Mon`oph*thon"gal, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or pertaining to, a monophthong.

MONOPHYLETIC
Mon`o*phy*let"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a single family or stock, or to development
from a single common parent form; -- opposed to polyphyletic; as,
monophyletic origin.

MONOPHYLLOUS
Mo*noph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. monophylle.] (Bot.)

Defn: One-leaved; composed of a single leaf; as, a monophyllous
involucre or calyx.

MONOPHYODONT
Mon`o*phy"o*dont, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having but one set of teeth; -- opposed to diphyodont.

MONOPHYSITE
Mo*noph"y*site, n. Etym: [Gr. monophysite.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect, in the ancient church, who maintained that the
human and divine in Jesus Christ constituted but one composite
nature. Also used adjectively.

MONOPHYSITICAL
Mon`o*phy*sit"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Monophysites, or their doctrines.

MONOPLAST
Mon"o*plast, n. Etym: [Mono- + -plast.] (Biol.)

Defn: A monoplastic element.

MONOPLASTIC
Mon`o*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Mono- + -plastic.] (Biol.)

Defn: That has one form, or retains its primary form, as, a
monoplastic element.

MONOPLEGIA
Mon`ople"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Paralysis affecting a single limb.

MONOPNEUMONA
Mon`op*neu"mo*na, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Mono-, and Pneumonia.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Dipnoi, including the Ceratodus. [Written also
monopneumonia.]

MONOPODE
Mon"o*pode, n.

1. One of a fabulous tribe or race of Ethiopians having but one leg
and foot. Sir J. Mandeville. Lowell.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A monopodium.

MONOPODIAL
Mon`o*po"di*al, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a monopodium or a single and continuous axis, as a
birchen twig or a cornstalk.

MONOPODIUM
Mon`o*po"di*um, n.; pl. L. Monopodia, E. -ums. Etym: [L. See
Monopody.] (Bot.)

Defn: A single and continuous vegetable axis; -- opposed to
sympodium.

MONOPODY
Mo*nop"o*dy, n. Etym: [Mono- + Gr. (Pros.)

Defn: A measure of but a single foot.

MONOPOLER
Mo*nop"o*ler, n.

Defn: A monopolist. [Obs.]

MONOPOLIST
Mo*nop"o*list, n.

Defn: One who monopolizes; one who has a monopoly; one who favors
monopoly.

MONOPOLISTIC
Mo*nop`o*lis"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a monopolist. North Am. Rev.

MONOPOLITE
Mo*nop"o*lite, n.

Defn: A monopolist. Sylvester.

MONOPOLIZE
Mo*nop"o*lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Monopolized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Monopolizing.] Etym: [From Monopoly.]

Defn: To acquire a monopoly of; to have or get the exclusive
privilege or means of dealing in, or the exclusive possession of; to
engross the whole of; as, to monopolize the coffee trade; to
monopolize land.

MONOPOLIZER
Mo*nop"o*li`zer, n.

Defn: One who monopolizes.

MONOPOLY
Mo*nop"o*ly, n.; pl. Monopolies. Etym: [L. monopolium, Gr.

1. The exclusive power, or privilege of selling a commodity; the
exclusive power, right, or privilege of dealing in some article, or
of trading in some market; sole command of the traffic in anything,
however obtained; as, the proprietor of a patented article is given a
monopoly of its sale for a limited time; chartered trading companies
have sometimes had a monopoly of trade with remote regions; a
combination of traders may get a monopoly of a particular product.
Raleigh held a monopoly of cards, Essex a monopoly of sweet wines.
Macaulay.

2. Exclusive possession; as, a monopoly of land.
If I had a monopoly out, they would have part on 't. Shak.

3. The commodity or other material thing to which the monopoly
relates; as, tobacco is a monopoly in France. [Colloq.]

MONOPOLYLOGUE
Mon`o*pol"y*logue, n. Etym: [Mono- + Gr. poly`s many + lo`gos
speech.]

Defn: An exhibition in which an actor sustains many characters.

MONOPSYCHISM
Mon`o*psy"chism, n. Etym: [Mono- + Gr.

Defn: The doctrine that there is but one immortal soul or intellect
with which all men are endowed.

MONOPTERAL
Mo*nop"ter*al, a. Etym: [Gr. monoptère.] (Arch.)

Defn: Round and without a cella; consisting of a single ring of
columns supporting a roof; -- said esp. of a temple.

MONOPTERON
Mo*nop"ter*on, n.; pl. Monoptera. Etym: [NL. See Monopteral.] (Arch.)

Defn: A circular temple consisting of a roof supported on columns,
without a cella.

MONOPTOTE
Mon"op*tote, n. Etym: [L. monoptotum, Gr. mo`nos single + (Gram.)

1. A noun having only one case. Andrews.

2. A noun having only one ending for the oblique cases.

MONOPYRENOUS
Mon`o*py*re"nous, a. Etym: [Mono- + pyrene.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having but a single stone or kernel.

MONORGANIC
Mon`or*gan"ic, a. Etym: [Mon- + organic.] (Biol. & Med.)

Defn: Belonging to, or affecting, a single organ, or set of organs.

MONORHINA
Mon`o*rhi"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Marsipobranchiata.

MONORHYME
Mon"o*rhyme, n. Etym: [Mono- + rhyme: cf. F. monorime.]

Defn: A composition in verse, in which all the lines end with the
same rhyme.

MONOSACCHARIDE; MONOSACCHARID
Mon`o*sac"cha*ride, n. Also -rid . [Mono- + saccharide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A simple sugar; any of a number of sugars (including the
trioses, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses, etc.), not decomposable into
simpler sugars by hydrolysis. Specif., as used by some, a hexose. The
monosaccharides are all open-chain compounds containing hydroxyl
groups and either an aldehyde group or a ketone group.

MONOSEPALOUS
Mon`o*sep"al*ous, a. Etym: [Mono- + sepal: cf. F. monosépale.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having only one sepal, or the calyx in one piece or composed of
the sepals united into one piece; gamosepalous.

Note: The most recent writers restrict this term to flowers having a
solarity sepal, and use gamosepalous for a calyx formed by several
sepals combined into one piece. Cf. Monopetalous.

MONOSPERM
Mon"o*sperm, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A monospermous plant.

MONOSPERMAL; MONOSPERMOUS
Mon`o*sper"mal, Mon`o*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Mono- + Gr. monosperme.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having only one seed.

MONOSPHERICAL
Mon`o*spher"ic*al, a. Etym: [Mono- + spherical.]

Defn: Consisting of one sphere only.

MONOSTICH
Mon"o*stich, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A composition consisting of one verse only.

MONOSTICHOUS
Mo*nos"ti*chous, a. Etym: [See Monostich.] (Bot.)

Defn: Arranged in a single row on one side of an axis, as the flowers
in grasses of the tribe Chloridæ.

MONOSTROPHE
Mo*nos"tro*phe, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A metrical composition consisting of a single strophe.

MONOSTROPHIC
Mon`o*stroph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Pros.)

Defn: Having one strophe only; not varied in measure; written in
unvaried measure. Milton.

MONOSULPHIDE
Mon`o*sul"phide, n. Etym: [Mono- + sulphide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A sulphide containing one atom of sulphur, and analogous to a
monoxide; -- contrasted with a Ant: polysulphide; as, galena is a
monosulphide.

MONOSULPHURET
Mon`o*sul"phu*ret, n. Etym: [Mono- + sulphuret.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Monosulphide.

MONOSYLLABIC
Mon`o*syl*lab"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. monosyllabique.]

Defn: Being a monosyllable, or composed of monosyllables; as, a
monosyllabic word; a monosyllabic language.
 -- Mon`o*syl*lab"ic*al*ly, adv.

MONOSYLLABISM
Mon`o*syl"la*bism, n.

Defn: The state of consisting of monosyllables, or having a
monosyllabic form; frequent occurrence of monosyllables.

MONOSYLLABLE
Mon"o*syl`la*ble, n. Etym: [L. monosyllabus of one syllable, Gr.
monosyllabe. See Mono-, Syllable.]

Defn: A word of one syllable.

MONOSYLLABLED
Mon"o*syl`la*bled, a.

Defn: Formed into, or consisting of, monosyllables. Cleveland.

MONOSYMMETRIC; MONOSYMMETRICAL
Mon`o*sym*met"ric, Mon`o*sym*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Mono- + symmetric,
-ical.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: Same as Monoclinic.

MONOTESSARON
Mon`o*tes"sa*ron, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A single narrative framed from the statements of the four
evangelists; a gospel harmony. [R.]

MONOTHALAMA
Mon`o*thal"a*ma, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Foraminifera including those that have only one
chamber.

MONOTHALAMAN
Mon`o*thal"a*man, n. Etym: [See Monothalamous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A foraminifer having but one chamber.

MONOTHALAMOUS
Mon`o*thal"a*mous, a. Etym: [Mono- + Gr. monothalame.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One-chambered.

MONOTHALMIC
Mon`o*thal"mic, a. Etym: [See Monothalamous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Formed from one pistil; -- said of fruits. R. Brown.

MONOTHECAL
Mon`o*the"cal, a. Etym: [Mono- + Br. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a single loculament.

MONOTHEISM
Mon"o*the*ism, n. Etym: [Mono- + Gr. monothéisme.]

Defn: The doctrine or belief that there is but one God.

MONOTHEIST
Mon"o*the*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. monothéiste.]

Defn: One who believes that there is but one God.

MONOTHEISTIC
Mon`o*the*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to monotheism.

MONOTHELISM; MONOTHELITISM
Mo*noth"e*lism, Mo*noth"e*li*tism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. monothélisme,
monothélitisme.]

Defn: The doctrine of the Monothelites.

MONOTHELITE
Mo*noth"e*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. monothélite.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of an ancient sect who held that Christ had but one will as
he had but one nature. Cf. Monophysite. Gibbon.

MONOTHELITIC
Mon`o*the*lit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Monothelites, or their doctrine.

MONOTOCOUS
Mo*not"o*cous, a. Etym: [Mono- + Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing fruit but once; monocarpic.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Uniparous; laying a single egg.

MONOTOMOUS
Mo*not"o*mous, a. Etym: [Mono- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Having a distinct cleavage in a single direction only.

MONOTONE
Mon"o*tone, n. Etym: [See Monotonous, Monotony.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A single unvaried tone or sound.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: The utterance of successive syllables, words, or sentences, on
one unvaried key or line of pitch.

MONOTONIC; MONOTONICAL
Mon`o*ton"ic, Mon`o*ton"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or uttered in, a monotone; monotonous.
"Monotonical declamation." Chesterfield.

MONOTONIST
Mo*not"o*nist, n.

Defn: One who talks in the same strain or on the same subject until
weariness is produced. Richardson.

MONOTONOUS
Mo*not"o*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. Tone.]

Defn: Uttered in one unvarying tone; continued with dull uniformity;
characterized by monotony; without change or variety; wearisome.
 -- Mo*not"o*nous*ly, adv.
 -- Mo*not"o*nous*ness, n.

MONOTONY
Mo*not"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. monotonie. See Monotonius.]

1. A frequent recurrence of the same tone or sound, producing a dull
uniformity; absence of variety, as in speaking or singing.

2. Any irksome sameness, or want of variety.
At sea, everything that breaks the monotony of the surrounding
expanse attracts attention. W. Irving.

MONOTREMATA
Mon`o*trem"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A subclass of Mammalia, having a cloaca in which the ducts of
the urinary, genital, and alimentary systems terminate, as in birds.
The female lays eggs like a bird. See Duck mole, under Duck, and
Echidna.

MONOTREMATOUS
Mon`o*trem"a*tous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Monotremata.

MONOTREME
Mon"o*treme, n. Etym: [Cf. F. monotrème.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Monotremata.

MONOTRIGLYPH
Mon`o*tri"glyph, n. Etym: [Mono- + triglyph: cf. F. monotriglyphe.]
(Arch.)

Defn: A kind of intercolumniation in an entablature, in which only
one triglyph and two metopes are introduced.

MONOTROPA
Mo*not"ro*pa, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of parasitic or saprophytic plants including the Indian
pipe and pine sap. The name alludes to the dropping end of the stem.

MONOTYPE; MONOTYPIC
Mon"o*type, Mon`o*typ"ic, a. Etym: [Mono- + -type: cf. F. monotype.]
(Biol.)

Defn: Having but one type; containing but one representative; as, a
monotypic genus, which contains but one species.

MONOVALENT
Mo*nov"a*lent, a. Etym: [Mono- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Having a valence of one; univalent. See Univalent.

MONOXIDE
Mo*nox"ide, n. Etym: [Mon- + oxide.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oxide containing one atom of oxygen in each molecule; as,
barium monoxide.

MONOXYLON
Mo*nox"y*lon, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

Defn: A canoe or boat made from one piece of timber.

MONOXYLOUS
Mo*nox"y*lous, a. Etym: [See Monoxylon.]

Defn: Made of one piece of wood.

MONOZOA
Mon`o*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Radiolaria; -- called also Monocyttaria.
 -- Mon`o*zo"ic, a.

MONROE DOCTRINE
Mon*roe" doc"trine.

Defn: See under Doctrine.

MONSEIGNEUR
Mon`sei`gneur", n.; pl. Messeigneurs. Etym: [F., fr. mon my +
seigneur lord, L. senior older. See Senior, and cf. Monsieur.]

Defn: My lord; -- a title in France of a person of high birth or
rank; as, Monseigneur the Prince, or Monseigneur the Archibishop. It
was given, specifically, to the dauphin, before the Revolution of
1789. (Abbrev. Mgr.)

MONSEL'S SALT
Mon"sel's salt`. (Med.)

Defn: A basic sulphate of iron; -- so named from Monsel, a Frenchman.

MONSEL'S SOLUTION
Mon"sel's so*lu"tion. Etym: [See Monsel's salt.] (Med.)

Defn: An aqueous solution of Monsel's salt, having valuable styptic
properties.

MONSIEUR
Mon*sieur", n.; pl. Messieurs. Etym: [F., fr. mon my + Sieur, abbrev.
of seigneur lord. See Monseigneur.]

1. The common title of civility in France in speaking to, or of, a
man; Mr. or Sir. [Represented by the abbreviation M. or Mons. in the
singular, and by MM. or Messrs. in the plural.]

2. The oldest brother of the king of France.

3. A Frenchman. [Contemptuous] Shak.

MONSIGNORE
Mon`si*gno"re, n.; pl. Monsignors. Etym: [It., my lord. Cf.
Monseigneur.]

Defn: My lord; -- an ecclesiastical dignity bestowed by the pope,
entitling the bearer to social and domestic rank at the papal court.
(Abbrev. Mgr.)

MONSOON
Mon*soon", n. Etym: [Malay musim, fr. Ar. mausim a time, season: cf.
F. monson, mousson, Sr. monzon, Pg. monç\'eeo, It. monsone.]

Defn: A wind blowing part of the year from one direction, alternating
with a wind from the opposite direction; -- a term applied
particularly to periodical winds of the Indian Ocean, which blow from
the southwest from the latter part of May to the middle of September,
and from the northeast from about the middle of October to the middle
of December.

MONSTER
Mon"ster, n. Etym: [OE. monstre, F. monstre, fr. L. monstrum, orig.,
a divine omen, indicating misfortune; akin of monstrare to show,
point out, indicate, and monere to warn. See Monition, and cf.
Demonstrate, Muster.]

1. Something of unnatural size, shape, or quality; a prodigy; an
enormity; a marvel.
A monster or marvel. Chaucer.

2. Specifically , an animal or plant departing greatly from the usual
type, as by having too many limbs.

3. Any thing or person of unnatural or excessive ugliness, deformity,
wickedness, or cruelty.

MONSTER
Mon"ster, a.

Defn: Monstrous in size. Pope.

MONSTER
Mon"ster, v. t.

Defn: To make monstrous. [Obs.] Shak.

MONSTRANCE
Mon"strance, n. Etym: [LL. monstrantia, fr. L. monstrare to show: cf.
OF. monstrance. See Monster.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A transparent pyx, in which the consecrated host is exposed to
view.

MONSTRATION
Mon*stra"tion, n. Etym: [L. monstratio.]

Defn: The act of demonstrating; proof. [Obs.]
A certain monstration. Grafton.

MONSTROSITY
Mon*stros"i*ty, n.; pl. Monstrosities. Etym: [Cf. F. monstruosité.
See Monstrous.]

Defn: The state of being monstrous, or out of the common order of
nature; that which is monstrous; a monster. South.
A monstrosity never changes the name or affects the immutability of a
species. Adanson (Trans. ).

MONSTROUS
Mon"strous, a. Etym: [OE. monstruous, F. monstrueux, fr. L.
monstruosus, fr. monstrum. See Monster.]

1. Marvelous; strange. [Obs.]

2. Having the qualities of a monster; deviating greatly from the
natural form or character; abnormal; as, a monstrous birth. Locke.
He, therefore, that refuses to do good to them whom he is bound to
love ... is unnatural and monstrous in his affections. Jer. Taylor.

3. Extraordinary in a way to excite wonder, dislike, apprehension,
etc.; -- said of size, appearance, color, sound, etc.; as, a
monstrous height; a monstrous ox; a monstrous story.

4. Extraordinary on account of ugliness, viciousness, or wickedness;
hateful; horrible; dreadful.
So bad a death argues a monstrous life. Shak.

5. Abounding in monsters. [R.]
Where thou, perhaps, under the whelming tide Visitest the bottom of
the monstrous world. Milton.

MONSTROUS
Mon"strous, adv.

Defn: Exceedingly; very; very much. "A monstrous thick oil on the
top." Bacon.
And will be monstrous witty on the poor. Dryden.

MONSTROUSLY
Mon"strous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a monstrous manner; unnaturally; extraordinarily; as,
monstrously wicked. "Who with his wife is monstrously in love."
Dryden.

MONSTROUSNESS
Mon"strous*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being monstrous, unusual,
extraordinary. Shak.

MONSTRUOSITY
Mon`stru*os"i*ty, n.

Defn: Monstrosity. [Obs.] Shak.

MONSTRUOUS
Mon"stru*ous, a.

Defn: Monstrous. [Obs.]

MONT
Mont, n. Etym: [F. See Mount, n.]

Defn: Mountain.

MONTAIGNE
Mon"taigne, n.

Defn: A mountain. [Obs.]

MONTANIC
Mon*tan"ic, a. Etym: [L. montanus, fr. mons, montis, mountain. See
Mount, n.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to mountains; consisting of mountains.

MONTANIST
Mon"ta*nist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Mintanus, a Phrygian enthusiast of the second
century, who claimed that the Holy Spirit, the Paraclete, dwelt in
him, and employed him as an instrument for purifying and guiding men
in the Christian life.
 -- Mon`ta*nis"tic, Mon`ta*nis"tic*al, a.

MONTANT
Mon"tant, n. Etym: [F.,prop., mounting, fr. monter to mount, fr. L.
mons, montis, mountain. See Mount.]

1. (Fencing)

Defn: An upward thrust or blow. Shak.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An upright piece in any framework; a mullion or muntin; a
stile. [R.] See Stile.

MONT DE PIETE
Mont" de pi`é`té". Etym: [F., fr. It. monte di pietà mount of piety.]

Defn: One of certain public pawnbroking establishments which
originated in Italy in the 15th century, the object of which was to
lend money at a low rate of interest to poor people in need; --
called also mount of piety. The institution has been adopted in other
countries, as in Spain and France. See Lombard-house.

MONTE
Mon"te, n. Etym: [Sp., lit., mountain, hence, the stock of cards
remaining after laying out a certain number, fr. L. mons, montis,
mountain.]

Defn: A favorite gambling game among Spaniards, played with dice or
cards.

MONTE-ACID
Monte`-ac"id, n. Etym: [F. monter to raise + acide acid.] (Chem.)

Defn: An acid elevator, as a tube through which acid is forced to
some height in a sulphuric acid manufactory.

MONTEITH
Mon*teith", n.

Defn: See Monteth.

MONTE-JUS
Monte"-jus", n. [F., fr. monter to bring up + jus juice.]

Defn: An apparatus for raising a liquid by pressure of air or steam
in a reservoir containing the liquid.

MONTEM
Mon"tem, n. Etym: [L. ad montem to the hillock. See Mount, n.]

Defn: A custom, formerly practiced by the scholars at Eton school,
England, of giing every third year, on Whittuesday, to a hillock near
the Bath road, and exacting money from all passers-by, to support at
the university the senior scholar of the school.

MONTERO
Mon*te"ro, n. Etym: [Sp. montera a hunting cap, fr. montero a
huntsman, monte a mountain, forest, L. mons, montis, mountain. See
Mount, n.]

Defn: An ancient kind of cap worn by horsemen or huntsmen. Bacon.

MONTESSORI METHOD
Mon`tes*so"ri Meth"od. (Pedagogy)

Defn: A system of training and instruction, primarily for use with
normal children aged from three to six years, devised by Dr. Maria
Montessori while teaching in the "Houses of Childhood" (schools in
the poorest tenement districts of Rome, Italy), and first fully
described by her in 1909. Leading features are freedom for physical
activity (no stationary desks and chairs), informal and individual
instruction, the very early development of writing, and an extended
sensory and motor training (with special emphasis on vision, touch,
perception of movement, and their interconnections), mediated by a
patented, standardized system of "didactic apparatus," which is
declared to be "auto-regulative." Most of the chief features of the
method are borrowed from current methods used in many institutions
for training feeble-minded children, and dating back especially to
the work of the French-American physician Edouard O. Seguin (1812-
80).

MONTETH; MONTEITH
Mon*teth", Mon*teith", n.

Defn: A vessel in which glasses are washed; -- so called from the
name of the inventor.
New things produce new words, and thus Monteth Has by one vessel
saved his name from death. King.

MONTGOLFIER
Mont`gol"fier, n.

Defn: A balloon which ascends by the buoyancy of air heated by a
fire; a fire balloon; -- so called from two brothers, Stephen and
Joseph Montgolfier, of France, who first constructed and sent up a
fire balloon.

MONTH
Month, n. Etym: [OE. month, moneth, AS. mon, mona; akin to mona moon,
and to D. maand month, G. monat, OHG. manod, Icel. manu, mana, Goth.
meno. *272. See Moon.]

Defn: One of the twelve portions into which the year is divided; the
twelfth part of a year, corresponding nearly to the length of a
synodic revolution of the moon, -- whence the name. In popular use, a
period of four weeks is often called a month.

Note: In the common law, a month is a lunar month, or twenty-eight
days, unless otherwise expressed. Blackstone. In the United States
the rule of the common law is generally cahanged, and a month is
declared to mean a calendar month. Cooley's Blackstone. A month mind.
(a) A strong or abnormal desire. [Obs.] Shak. (b) A celebration made
in remembrance of a deceased person a month after death. Strype.
 -- Calendar months, the months as adjusted in the common or
Gregorian calendar; April, June, September, and November, containing
30 days, and the rest 31, except February, which, in common years,
has 28, and in leap years 29.
 -- Lunar month, the period of one revolution of the moon,
particularly a synodical revolution; but several kinds are
distinguished, as the synodical month, or period from one new moon to
the next, in mean length 29 d. 12 h. 44 m. 2.87 s.; the nodical
month, or time of revolution from one node to the same again, in
length 27 d. 5 h. 5 m. 36 s.; the sidereal, or time of revolution
from a star to the same again, equal to 27 d. 7 h. 43 m. 11.5 s.; the
anomalistic, or time of revolution from perigee to perigee again, in
length 27 d. 13 h. 18 m. 37.4 s.; and the tropical, or time of
passing from any point of the ecliptic to the same again, equal to 27
d. 7 h. 43 m. 4.7 s.
 -- Solar month, the time in which the sun passes through one sign of
the zodiac, in mean length 30 d. 10 h. 29 m. 4.1 s.

MONTHLING
Month"ling, n.

Defn: That which is a month old, or which lives for a month. [R.]
Wordsworth.

MONTHLY
Month"ly, a.

1. Continued a month, or a performed in a month; as, the monthly
revolution of the moon.

2. Done, happening, payable, published, etc., once a month, or every
month; as, a monthly visit; monthly charges; a monthly installment; a
monthly magazine. Monthly nurse, a nurse who serves for a month or
some short time, esp. one which attends women after childbirth.

MONTHLY
Month"ly, n.; pl. Monthlies (.

Defn: A publication which appears regularly once a month.

MONTHLY
Month"ly, adv.

1. Once a month; in every month; as, the moon changes monthly. Shak.

2. As if under the influence of the moon; in the manner of a lunatic.
[Obs.] Middleton.

MONTICLE
Mon"ti*cle, n. Etym: [L. monticulus, dim. of mons, montis, mountain:
cf. F. monticule. See Mount, n.]

Defn: A little mount; a hillock; a small elevation or prominence.
[Written also monticule.]

MONTICULATE
Mon*tic"u*late, a.

Defn: Furnished with monticles or little elevations.

MONTICULE
Mon"ti*cule, n.

Defn: See Monticle.

MONTICULOUS
Mon*tic"u*lous, a.

Defn: Monticulate.

MONTIFORM
Mon"ti*form, a. Etym: [L. mons, montis, mountain + -form.]

Defn: Resembling a mountain in form.

MONTIGENOUS
Mon*tig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. montigena; mons, montis, mountain + the
root of gignere to beget.]

Defn: Produced on a mountain.

MONTOIR
Mon`toir", n. Etym: [F., fr. monter to mount. See Montant.]

Defn: A stone used in mounting a horse; a horse block.

MONTON
Mon"ton, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Mining)

Defn: A heap of ore; a mass undergoing the process of amalgamation.

MONTRE
Mon"tre, n. [F., show, show case, organ case.]

1. (Organ Building) A stop, usually the open diapason, having its
pipes "shown" as part of the organ case, or otherwise specially
mounted.

2.  A hole in the wall of a pottery kiln, by which the state of the
pieces within can be judged.

MONTROSS
Mon*tross", n.

Defn: See Matross. [Obs.]

MONTRUE
Mon"true, n. Etym: [F., fr. monter to mount. See Montoir.]

Defn: That on which anything is mounted; a setting; hence, a saddle
horse. [Obs.] Spenser.

MONUMENT
Mon"u*ment, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. monumentum, fr. monere to remind,
admonish. See Monition, and cf. Moniment.]

1. Something which stands, or remains, to keep in remembrance what is
past; a memorial.
Of ancient British art A pleasing monument. Philips.
Our bruised arms hung up for monuments. Shak.

2. A building, pillar, stone, or the like, erected to preserve the
remembrance of a person, event, action, etc.; as, the Washington
monument; the Bunker Hill monument. Also, a tomb, with memorial
inscriptions.
On your family's old monument Hang mournful epitaphs, and do all
rites That appertain unto a burial. Shak.

3. A stone or other permanent object, serving to indicate a limit or
to mark a boundary.

4. A saying, deed, or example, worthy of record.
Acts and Monuments of these latter and perilous days. Foxe.

Syn.
 -- Memorial; remembrance; tomb; cenotaph.

MONUMENTAL
Mon`u*men"tal, a. Etym: [L. monumentalis: cf. F. monumental.]

1. Of, pertaining to, or suitable for, a monument; as, a monumental
inscription.

2. Serving as a monument; memorial; preserving memory. "Of pine, or
monumental oak." Milton.
A work outlasting monumental brass. Pope.

MONUMENTALLY
Mon`u*men"tal*ly, adv.

1. By way of memorial.

2. By means of monuments.

MONUREID
Mon*u"re*id, n. Etym: [Mon- + ureid.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of complex nitrogenous substances regarded
as derived from one molecule of urea; as, alloxan is a monureid.
[Written also monureide.]

MOO
Moo, a., adv., & n.

Defn: See Mo. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MOO
Moo, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Mooed; p. pr. & vb. n. Mooing.] Etym: [Of
imitative origin.]

Defn: To make the noise of a cow; to low; -- child's word.

MOO
Moo, n.

Defn: The lowing of a cow.

MOOD
Mood, n. Etym: [The same word as mode, perh. influenced by mood
temper. See Mode.]

1. Manner; style; mode; logical form; musical style; manner of action
or being. See Mode which is the preferable form).

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Manner of conceiving and expressing action or being, as
positive, possible, hypothetical, etc., without regard to other
accidents, such as time, person, number, etc.; as, the indicative
mood; the infinitive mood; the subjunctive mood. Same as Mode.

MOOD
Mood, n. Etym: [OE. mood, mod, AS. modmind, feeling, heart, courage;
akin to OS. & OFries. mod, D. moed, OHG. muot, G. muth, mut, courage,
Dan. & Sw. mod, Icel. mo wrath, Goth. mods.]

Defn: Temper of mind; temporary state of the mind in regard to
passion or feeling; humor; as, a melancholy mood; a suppliant mood.
Till at the last aslaked was mood. Chaucer.
Fortune is merry, And in this mood will give us anything. Shak.
The desperate recklessness of her mood. Hawthorne.

MOODER
Moo"der, n.

Defn: Mother. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MOODILY
Mood"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a moody manner.

MOODINESS
Mood"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being moody; specifically, liability to
strange or violent moods.

MOODIR
Moo"dir, n. Etym: [Ar. mudir.]

Defn: The governor of a province in Egypt, etc. [Written also mudir.]

MOODISH
Mood"ish, a.

Defn: Moody. [Obs.]

MOODISHLY
Mood"ish*ly, adv.

Defn: Moodily. [Obs.]

MOODY
Mood"y, a. [Compar. Moodier; superl. Moodiest.] Etym: [AS. modig
courageous.]

1. Subject to varying moods, especially to states of mind which are
unamiable or depressed.

2. Hence: Out of humor; peevish; angry; fretful; also, abstracted and
pensive; sad; gloomy; melancholy. "Every peevish, moody malcontent."
Rowe.
Arouse thee from thy moody dream! Sir W. Scott.

Syn.
 -- Gloomy; pensive; sad; fretful; capricious.

MOOLAH; MOOLLAH
Moo"lah, Mool"lah, n.

Defn: See Mollah.

MOOLLEY
Mool"ley, n.

Defn: Same as Mulley.

MOON
Moon, n. Etym: [OE. mone, AS. mona; akin to D. maan, OS. & OHG. mano,
G. mond, Icel. mani, Dan. maane, Sw. måne, Goth. mena, Lith. men, L.
mensis month, Gr. mas moon, month; prob. from a root meaning to
measure (cf. Skr. ma to measure), from its serving to measure the
time. *271. Cf. Mete to measure, Menses, Monday, Month.]

1. The celestial orb which revolves round the earth; the satellite of
the earth; a secondary planet, whose light, borrowed from the sun, is
reflected to the earth, and serves to dispel the darkness of night.
The diameter of the moon is 2,160 miles, its mean distance from the
earth is 240,000 miles, and its mass is one eightieth that of the
earth. See Lunar month, under Month.
The crescent moon, the diadem of night. Cowper.

2. A secondary planet, or satellite, revolving about any member of
the solar system; as, the moons of Jupiter or Saturn.

3. The time occupied by the moon in making one revolution in her
orbit; a month. Shak.

4. (Fort.)

Defn: A crescentlike outwork. See Half-moon. Moon blindness. (a)
(Far.) A kind of ophthalmia liable to recur at intervals of three or
four weeks. (b) (Med.) Hemeralopia.
 -- Moon dial, a dial used to indicate time by moonlight.
 -- Moon face, a round face like a full moon.
 -- Moon madness, lunacy. [Poetic] -- Moon month, a lunar month.
 -- Moon trefoil (Bot.), a shrubby species of medic (Medicago
arborea). See Medic.
 -- Moon year, a lunar year, consisting of lunar months, being
sometimes twelve and sometimes thirteen.

MOON
Moon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mooned; p. pr. & vb. n. Mooning.]

Defn: To expose to the rays of the moon.
If they have it to be exceeding white indeed, they seethe it yet once
more, after it hath been thus sunned and mooned. Holland.

MOON
Moon, v. i.

Defn: To act if moonstruck; to wander or gaze about in an abstracted
manner.
Elsley was mooning down the river by himself. C. Kingsley.

MOONBEAM
Moon"beam`, n.

Defn: A ray of light from the moon.

MOONBLIND
Moon"blind`, a.

Defn: Dim-sighted; purblind.

MOONBLINK
Moon"blink`, n.

Defn: A temporary blindness, or impairment of sight, said to be
caused by sleeping in the moonlight; -- sometimes called nyctalopia.

MOONCALF
Moon"calf`, n.

1. A monster; a false conception; a mass of fleshy matter, generated
in the uterus.

2. A dolt; a stupid fellow. Dryden.

MOON-CULMINATING
Moon"-cul"mi*na`ting, a.

Defn: Culminating, or coming to the meredian, at or about the same
time with the moon; -- said of a star or stars, esp. of certain stars
selected beforehand, and named in an ephemeris (as the Nautical
Almanac), as suitable to be observed in connection with the moon at
culmination, for determining terrestrial longitude.

MOONED
Mooned, a.

Defn: Of or resembling the moon; symbolized by the moon. "Sharpening
in mooned horns." "Mooned Ashtaroth." Milton.

MOONER
Moon"er, n.

Defn: One who abstractedly wanders or gazes about, as if moonstruck.
[R.] Dickens.

MOONERY
Moon"er*y, n.

Defn: Conduct of one who moons. [R.]

MOONET
Moon"et, n.

Defn: A little moon. [R.] Bp. Hall.

MOON-EYE
Moon"-eye`, n.

1. A eye affected by the moon; also, a disease in the eye of a horse.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any species of American fresh-water fishes of the genus Hyodon,
esp. H. tergisus of the Great Lakes and adjacent waters.
(b) The cisco.

MOON-EYED
Moon"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having eyes affected by the moon; moonblind; dim-eyed;
purblind.

MOON-FACED
Moon"-faced`, a.

Defn: Having a round, full face.

MOONFISH
Moon"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) An American marine fish (Vomer setipennis); -- called also
bluntnosed shiner, horsefish, and sunfish.
(b) A broad, thin, silvery marine fish (Selene vomer); -- called also
lookdown, and silver moonfish.
(c) The mola. See Sunfish, 1.

MOONFLOWER
Moon"flow`er, n. (Bot.)
(a) The oxeye daisy; -- called also moon daisy.
(b) A kind of morning glory (Ipomoea Bona-nox) with large white
flowers opening at night.

MOONG
Moong, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Mung.

MOONGLADE
Moon"glade`, n.

Defn: The bright reflection of the moon's light on an expanse of
water. [Poetic]

MOONIE
Moo"nie, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European goldcrest.

MOONISH
Moon"ish, a.

Defn: Like the moon; variable.
Being but a moonish youth. Shak.

MOONLESS
Moon"less, a.

Defn: Being without a moon or moonlight.

MOONLIGHT
Moon`light`, n.

Defn: The light of the moon.
 -- a.

Defn: Occurring during or by moonlight; characterized by moonlight.

MOONLIGHTER
Moon"light`er, n. One who follows an occupation or pastime by
moonlight; as:
 (a) A moonshiner.
 (b) In Ireland, one of a band that engaged in agrarian outrages by
night.
 (c) A serenader by moonlight. [Local, U. S.]

MOONLING
Moon"ling, n.

Defn: A simpleton; a lunatic. [Obs.]

MOONLIT
Moon"lit`, a.

Defn: Illumined by the moon. "The moonlit sea." Moore. "Moonlit
dells." Lowell.

MOONRAKER
Moon"rak`er, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Same as Moonsail.

MOONRISE
Moon"rise`, n.

Defn: The rising of the moon above the horizon; also, the time of its
rising.

MOONSAIL
Moon"sail`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A sail sometimes carried in light winds, above a skysail. R. H.
Dana, Jr.

MOONSEED
Moon"seed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A climbing plant of the genus Menispermum; -- so called from
the crescentlike form of the seeds.

MOONSET
Moon"set`, n.

Defn: The descent of the moon below the horizon; also, the time when
the moon sets.

MOONSHEE
Moon"shee, n. Etym: [Hind. munishi, fr. Ar. munishi a writer, author,
secretary, tutor.]

Defn: A Mohammedan professor or teacher of language. [India]

MOONSHINE
Moon"shine`, n.

1. The light of the moon.

2. Hence, show without substance or reality.

3. A month. [R.] Shak.

4. A preparation of eggs for food. [Obs.]

MOONSHINE
Moon"shine`, a.

Defn: Moonlight. [R.] Clarendon.

MOONSHINER
Moon"shin`er, n.

Defn: A person engaged in illicit distilling; -- so called because
the work is largely done at night. [Cant, U.S.]

MOONSHINING
Moon"shin`ing, n.

Defn: Illicit distilling. [Slang or Colloq., U. S.]

MOONSHINY
Moon"shin`y, a.

Defn: Moonlight. [Colloq.]
I went to see them in a moonshiny night. Addison.

MOONSTONE
Moon"stone`, n. (Min.)

Defn: A nearly pellucid variety of feldspar, showing pearly or
opaline reflections from within. It is used as a gem. The best
specimens come from Ceylon.

MOONSTRICKEN
Moon"strick`en, a.

Defn: See Moonstruck.

MOONSTRUCK
Moon"struck`, a.

1. Mentally affected or deranged by the supposed influence of the
moon; lunatic.

2. Produced by the supposed influence of the moon. "Moonstruck
madness." Milton.

3. Made sick by the supposed influence of the moon, as a human being;
made unsuitable for food, as fishes, by such supposed influence.

MOONWORT
Moon"wort`, n. (Bot.)
(a) The herb lunary or honesty. See Honesty.
(b) Any fern of the genus Botrychium, esp. B. Lunaria; -- so named
from the crescent-shaped segments of its frond.

MOONY
Moon"y, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the moon.
Soft and pale as the moony beam. J. R. Drake.

2. Furnished with a moon; bearing a crescent.
But soon the miscreant moony host Before the victor cross shall fly.
Fenton.

3. Silly; weakly sentimental. [Colloq.] G. Eliot.

MOOR
Moor, n. Etym: [F. More, Maure, L. Maurus a Moor, a Mauritanian, an
inhabitant of Mauritania, Gr. Morris a dance, Morocco.]

1. One of a mixed race inhabiting Morocco, Algeria, Tunis, and
Tripoli, chiefly along the coast and in towns.

2. (Hist.)

Defn: Any individual of the swarthy races of Africa or Asia which
have adopted the Mohammedan religion. "In Spanish history the terms
Moors, Saracens, and Arabs are synonymous." Internat. Cyc.

MOOR
Moor, n. Etym: [OE. mor, AS. mor moor, morass; akin to D. moer moor,
G. moor, and prob. to Goth. marei sea, E. mere. See Mere a lake.]

1. An extensive waste covered with patches of heath, and having a
poor, light soil, but sometimes marshy, and abounding in peat; a
heath.
In her girlish age she kept sheep on the moor. Carew.

2. A game preserve consisting of moorland. Moor buzzard (Zoöl.), the
marsh harrier. [Prov. Eng.] -- Moor coal (Geol.), a friable variety
of lignite.
 -- Moor cock (Zoöl.), the male of the moor fowl or red grouse of
Europe.
 -- Moor coot. (Zoöl.) See Gallinule.
 -- Moor fowl. (Zoöl.) (a) The European ptarmigan, or red grouse
(Lagopus Scoticus). (b) The European heath grouse. See under Heath.
 -- Moor game. (Zoöl.) Same as Moor fowl (above).
 -- Moor grass (Bot.), a tufted perennial grass (Sesleria cærulea),
found in mountain pastures of Europe.
 -- Moor hawk (Zoöl.), the marsh harrier.
 -- Moor hen. (Zoöl.) (a) The female of the moor fowl. (b) A
gallinule, esp. the European species. See Gallinule. (c) An
Australian rail (Tribonyx ventralis).
 -- Moor monkey (Zoöl.), the black macaque of Borneo (Macacus
maurus).
 -- Moor titling (Zoöl.), the European stonechat (Pratinocola
rubicola).

MOOR
Moor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Moored; p. pr. & vb. n. Mooring.] Etym:
[Prob. fr. D. marren to tie, fasten, or moor a ship. See Mar.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: To fix or secure, as a vessel, in a particular place by casting
anchor, or by fastening with cables or chains; as, the vessel was
moored in the stream; they moored the boat to the wharf.

2. Fig.: To secure, or fix firmly. Brougham.

MOOR
Moor, v. i.

Defn: To cast anchor; to become fast.
On oozy ground his galleys moor. Dryden.

MOORAGE
Moor"age, n.

Defn: A place for mooring.

MOORBALL
Moor"ball`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A fresh-water alga (Cladophora Ægagropila) which forms a
globular mass.

MOORBAND
Moor"band`, n.

Defn: See Moorpan.

MOORESS
Moor"ess, n.

Defn: A female Moor; a Moorish woman.

MOORING
Moor"ing, n.

1. The act of confining a ship to a particular place, by means of
anchors or fastenings.

2. That which serves to confine a ship to a place, as anchors,
cables, bridles, etc.

3. pl.

Defn: The place or condition of a ship thus confined.
And the tossed bark in moorings swings. Moore.
Mooring block (Naut.), a heavy block of cast iron sometimes used as
an anchor for mooring vessels.

MOORISH
Moor"ish, a. Etym: [From 2d Moor.]

Defn: Having the characteristics of a moor or heath. "Moorish fens."
Thomson.

MOORISH
Moor"ish, a. Etym: [See 1st Moor, and cf. Morris, Moresque.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Morocco or the Moors; in the style of the
Moors. Moorish architecture, the style developed by the Moors in the
later Middle Ages, esp. in Spain, in which the arch had the form of a
horseshoe, and the ornamentation admitted no representation of animal
life. It has many points of resemblance to the Arabian and Persian
styles, but should be distinguished from them. See Illust. under
Moresque.

MOORLAND
Moor"land, n. Etym: [AS. morland.]

Defn: Land consisting of a moor or moors.

MOORPAN
Moor"pan`, n. Etym: [Cf. Hard pan, under Hard.]

Defn: A clayey layer or pan underlying some moors, etc.

MOORSTONE
Moor"stone`, n.

Defn: A species of English granite, used as a building stone.

MOORUK
Moo"ruk, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of cassowary (Casuarius Bennetti) found in New
Britain, and noted for its agility in running and leaping. It is
smaller and has stouter legs than the common cassowary. Its crest is
biloted; the neck and breast are black; the back, rufous mixed with
black; and the naked skin of the neck, blue.

MOORY
Moor"y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to moors; marshy; fenny; boggy; moorish.
Mortimer.
As when thick mists arise from moory vales. Fairfax.

MOORY
Moor"y, n.

Defn: A kind of blue cloth made in India. Balfour (Cyc of India).

MOOSE
Moose, n. Etym: [A native name; Knisteneaux mouswah; Algonquin monse.
Mackenzie.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large cervine mammal (Alces machlis, or A. Americanus),
native of the Northern United States and Canada. The adult male is
about as large as a horse, and has very large, palmate antlers. It
closely resembles the European elk, and by many zoölogists is
considered the same species. See Elk. Moose bird (Zoöl.), the Canada
jayor whisky jack. See Whisky jack.
 -- Moose deer. Same as Moose.
 -- Moose yard (Zoöl.), a locality where moose, in winter, herd
together in a forest to feed and for mutual protection.

MOOSEWOOD
Moose"wood`, n. (Bot.)
(a) The striped maple (Acer Pennsylvanicum).
(b) Leatherwood.

MOOT
Moot, v.

Defn: See 1st Mot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MOOT
Moot, n. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A ring for gauging wooden pins.

MOOT
Moot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mooted; p. pr. & vb. n. Mooting.] Etym:
[OE. moten, motien, AS. motan to meet or assemble for conversation,
to discuss, dispute, fr. mot, gemot, a meeting, an assembly; akin to
Icel. mot, MHG. muoz. Cf. Meet to come together.]

1. To argue for and against; to debate; to discuss; to propose for
discussion.
A problem which hardly has been mentioned, much less mooted, in this
country. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. Specifically: To discuss by way of exercise; to argue for
practice; to propound and discuss in a mock court.
First a case is appointed to be mooted by certain young men,
containing some doubtful controversy. Sir T. Elyot.

MOOT
Moot, v. i.

Defn: To argue or plead in a supposed case.
There is a difference between mooting and pleading; between fencing
and fighting. B. Jonson.

MOOT
Moot, n. Etym: [AS. mot, gemot, a meeting; -- usually in comp.]
[Written also mote.]

1. A meeting for discussion and deliberation; esp., a meeting of the
people of a village or district, in Anglo-Saxon times, for the
discussion and settlement of matters of common interest; -- usually
in composition; as, folk-moot. J. R. Green.

2. Etym: [From Moot, v.]

Defn: A discussion or debate; especially, a discussion of fictitious
causes by way of practice.
The pleading used in courts and chancery called moots. Sir T. Elyot.
Moot case, a case or question to be mooted; a disputable case; an
unsettled question. Dryden.
 -- Moot court, a mock court, such as is held by students of law for
practicing the conduct of law cases.
 -- Moot point, a point or question to be debated; a doubtful
question.

MOOT
Moot, a.

Defn: Subject, or open, to argument or discussion; undecided;
debatable; mooted.

MOOTABLE
Moot"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being mooted.

MOOTER
Moot"er, n.

Defn: A disputer of a mooted case.

MOOT-HALL; MOOT-HOUSE
Moot"-hall`, Moot"-house`, n. Etym: [AS. moth.]

Defn: A hall for public meetings; a hall of judgment. [Obs.] "The
moot-hall of Herod." Wyclif.

MOOT-HILL
Moot"-hill`, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A hill of meeting or council; an elevated place in the open air
where public assemblies or courts were held by the Saxons; -- called,
in Scotland, mute-hill. J. R. Green.

MOOTMAN
Moot"man, n.; pl. Mootmen (. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: One who argued moot cases in the inns of court.

MOP
Mop, n. Etym: [See Mope.]

Defn: A made-up face; a grimace. "What mops and mowes it makes!"
Beau. & Fl.

MOP
Mop, v. i.

Defn: To make a wry mouth. [Obs.] Shak.

MOP
Mop, n. Etym: [CF. W. mop, mopa, Ir. moipal, Gael. moibeal, moibean;
or OF. mappe a napkin (see Map, Napkin).]

1. An implement for washing floors, or the like, made of a piece of
cloth, or a collection of thrums, or coarse yarn, fastened to a
handle.

2. A fair where servants are hired. [Prov. Eng.]

3. The young of any animal; also, a young girl; a moppet. [Prov.
Eng.] Halliwell. Mop head. (a) The end of a mop, to which the thrums
or rags are fastened. (b) A clamp for holding the thrums or rags of a
mop. [U.S.]

MOP
Mop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mopped; p. pr. & vb. n. Mopping.]

Defn: To rub or wipe with a mop, or as with a mop; as, to mop a
floor; to mop one's face with a handkerchief.

MOPBOARD
Mop"board`, n. (Carp.)

Defn: A narrow board nailed against the wall of a room next to the
floor; skirting board; baseboard. See Baseboard.

MOPE
Mope, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Moped; p. pr. & vb. n. Moping.] Etym: [Cf.
D. moppen to pout, Prov. G. muffen to sulk.]

Defn: To be dull and spiritless. "Moping melancholy." Milton.
A sickly part of one true sense Could not so mope. Shak.

MOPE
Mope, v. t.

Defn: To make spiritless and stupid. [Obs.]

MOPE
Mope, n.

Defn: A dull, spiritless person. Burton.

MOPE-EYED
Mope"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Shortsighted; purblind.

MOPEFUL
Mope"ful, a.

Defn: Mopish. [R.]

MOPISH
Mop"ish, a.

Defn: Dull; spiritless; dejected.
 -- Mop"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Mop"ish*ness, n.

MOPLAH
Mop"lah, n. Etym: [Malayalam mapplia.]

Defn: One of a class of Mohammedans in Malabar.

MOPPET
Mop"pet, n. Etym: [From 3d Mop.]

1. A rag baby; a puppet made of cloth; hence, also, in fondness, a
little girl, or a woman.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A long-haired pet dog.

MOPSEY; MOPSY
Mop"sey, Mop"sy, n.

1. A moppet.

2. A slatternly, untidy woman. Halliwell.

MOPSICAL
Mop"si*cal, a.

Defn: Shortsighted; mope-eyed.

MOPSTICK
Mop"stick`, n.

Defn: The long handle of a mop.

MOPUS
Mo"pus, n.

Defn: A mope; a drone. [Obs.] Swift.

MOQUETTE
Mo*quette", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A kind of carpet having a short velvety pile.

MORA
Mor"a, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A game of guessing the number of fingers extended in a quick
movement of the hand, -- much played by Italians of the lower
classes.

MORA
Mo"ra, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A leguminous tree of Guiana and Trinidad (Dimorphandra
excelsa); also, its timber, used in shipbuilding and making
furniture.

MORA
Mo"ra, n. Etym: [L.] (Rom. & Civil Law)

Defn: Delay; esp., culpable delay; postponement.

MORAINE
Mo*raine", n. Etym: [F. Cf. Prov. G. mur stones broken off, It. mora
a heap of stones, hillock, G. mürbe soft, broken up, OHG. muruwi, AS.
mearu tender, Gr. mla to relax.] (Geol.)

Defn: An accumulation of earth and stones carried forward and
deposited by a glacier. Lyell.

Note: If the moranie is at the extremity of the glacier it is a
terminal moranie; if at the side, a lateral moranie; if parallel to
the side on the central portion of the glacier, a medial moranie. See
Illust. of Glacier. In the last case it is formed by the union of the
lateral moranies of the branches of the glacier. A ground moranie is
one beneath the mass of ice.

MORAINIC
Mo*rain"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a moranie.

MORAL
Mor"al, a. Etym: [F., fr. It. moralis, fr. mos, moris, manner,
custom, habit, way of life, conduct.]

1. Relating to duty or obligation; pertaining to those intentions and
actions of which right and wrong, virtue and vice, are predicated, or
to the rules by which such intentions and actions ought to be
directed; relating to the practice, manners, or conduct of men as
social beings in relation to each other, as respects right and wrong,
so far as they are properly subject to rules.
Keep at the least within the compass of moral actions, which have in
them vice or virtue. Hooker.
Mankind is broken loose from moral bands. Dryden.
She had wandered without rule or guidance in a moral wilderness.
Hawthorne.

2. Conformed to accepted rules of right; acting in conformity with
such rules; virtuous; just; as, a moral man. Used sometimes in
distinction from religious; as, a moral rather than a religious life.
The wiser and more moral part of mankind. Sir M. Hale.

3. Capable of right and wrong action or of being governed by a sense
of right; subject to the law of duty.
A moral agent is a being capable of those actions that have a moral
quality, and which can properly be denominated good or evil in a
moral sense. J. Edwards.

4. Acting upon or through one's moral nature or sense of right, or
suited to act in such a manner; as, a moral arguments; moral
considerations. Sometimes opposed to material and physical; as, moral
pressure or support.

5. Supported by reason or probability; practically sufficient; --
opposed to legal or demonstrable; as, a moral evidence; a moral
certainty.

6. Serving to teach or convey a moral; as, a moral lesson; moral
tales. Moral agent, a being who is capable of acting with reference
to right and wrong.
 -- Moral certainty, a very high degree or probability, although not
demonstrable as a certainty; a probability of so high a degree that
it can be confidently acted upon in the affairs of life; as, there is
a moral certainty of his guilt.
 -- Moral insanity, insanity, so called, of the moral system; badness
alleged to be irresponsible.
 -- Moral philosophy, the science of duty; the science which treats
of the nature and condition of man as a moral being, of the duties
which result from his moral relations, and the reasons on which they
are founded.
 -- Moral play, an allegorical play; a morality. [Obs.] -- Moral
sense, the power of moral judgment and feeling; the capacity to
perceive what is right or wrong in moral conduct, and to approve or
disapprove, independently of education or the knowledge of any
positive rule or law.
 -- Moral theology, theology applied to morals; practical theology;
casuistry.

MORAL
Mor"al, n.

1. The doctrine or practice of the duties of life; manner of living
as regards right and wrong; conduct; behavior; -- usually in the
plural.
Corrupt in their morals as vice could make them. South.

2. The inner meaning or significance of a fable, a narrative, an
occurrence, an experience, etc.; the practical lesson which anything
is designed or fitted to teach; the doctrine meant to be inculcated
by a fiction; a maxim.
Thus may we gather honey from the weed, And make a moral of the devil
himself. Shak.
To point a moral, or adorn a tale. Johnson.
We protest against the principle that the world of pure comedy is one
into which no moral enters. Macaulay.

3. A morality play. See Morality, 5.

MORAL
Mor"al, v. i.

Defn: To moralize. [Obs.] Shak.

MORALE
Mo`rale", n. Etym: [F. See Moral, a.]

Defn: The moral condition, or the condition in other respects, so far
as it is affected by, or dependent upon, moral considerations, such
as zeal, spirit, hope, and confidence; mental state, as of a body of
men, an army, and the like.

MORALER
Mor"al*er, n.

Defn: A moralizer. [Obs.] Shak.

MORALISM
Mor"al*ism, n.

Defn: A maxim or saying embodying a moral truth. Farrar.

MORALIST
Mor"al*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. moraliste.]

1. One who moralizes; one who teaches or animadverts upon the duties
of life; a writer of essays intended to correct vice and inculcate
moral duties. Addison.

2. One who practices moral duties; a person who lives in conformity
with moral rules; one of correct deportment and dealings with his
fellow-creatures; -- sometimes used in contradistinction to one whose
life is controlled by religious motives.
The love (in the moralist of virtue, but in the Christian) of God
himself. Hammond.

MORALITY
Mo*ral"i*ty, n.; pl. Moralities. Etym: [L. moralitas: cf. F.
moralité.]

1. The relation of conformity or nonconformity to the moral standard
or rule; quality of an intention, a character, an action, a
principle, or a sentiment, when tried by the standard of right.
The morality of an action is founded in the freedom of that
principle, by virtue of which it is in the agent's power, having all
things ready and requisite to the performance of an action, either to
perform or not perform it. South.

2. The quality of an action which renders it good; the conformity of
an act to the accepted standard of right.
Of moralitee he was the flower. Chaucer.
I am bold to think that morality is capable of demonstration. Locke.

3. The doctrines or rules of moral duties, or the duties of men in
their social character; ethics.
The end of morality is to procure the affections to obey reason, and
not to invade it. Bacon.
The system of morality to be gathered out of ... ancient sages falls
very short of that delivered in the gospel. Swift.

4. The practice of the moral duties; rectitude of life; conformity to
the standard of right; virtue; as, we often admire the politeness of
men whose morality we question.

5. A kind of allegorical play, so termed because it consisted of
discourses in praise of morality between actors representing such
characters as Charity, Faith, Death, Vice, etc. Such plays were
occasionally exhibited as late as the reign of Henry VIII. Strutt.

6. Intent; meaning; moral. [Obs.]
Taketh the morality thereof, good men. Chaucer.

MORALIZATION
Mor`al*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. moralisation.]

1. The act of moralizing; moral reflections or discourse.

2. Explanation in a moral sense. T. Warton.

MORALIZE
Mor"al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Moralized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Moralizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. moraliser.]

1. To apply to a moral purpose; to explain in a moral sense; to draw
a moral from.
This fable is moralized in a common proverb. L'Estrange.
Did he not moralize this spectacle Shak.

2. To furnish with moral lessons, teachings, or examples; to lend a
moral to.
While chastening thoughts of sweetest use, bestowed By Wisdom,
moralize his pensive road. Wordsworth.

3. To render moral; to correct the morals of.
It had a large share in moralizing the poor white people of the
country. D. Ramsay.

4. To give a moral quality to; to affect the moral quality of, either
for better or worse.
Good and bad stars moralize not our actions. Sir T. Browne.

MORALIZE
Mor"al*ize, v. i.

Defn: To make moral reflections; to regard acts and events as
involving a moral.

MORALIZER
Mor"al*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who moralizes.

MORALLY
Mor"al*ly, adv.

1. In a moral or ethical sense; according to the rules of morality.
By good, good morally so called, "bonum honestum" ought chiefly to be
understood. South.

2. According to moral rules; virtuously. "To live morally." Dryden.

3. In moral qualities; in disposition and character; as, one who
physically and morally endures hardships.

4. In a manner calculated to serve as the basis of action; according
to the usual course of things and human judgment; according to reason
and probability.
It is morally impossible for an hypocrite to keep himself long upon
his guard. L'Estrange.

MORASS
Mo*rass", n. Etym: [OE. marras, mareis (perh. through D. moeras), fr.
F. marais, prob. from L. mare sea, in LL., any body of water; but
perh. influenced by some German word. See Mere a lake, and cf.
Marsh.]

Defn: A tract of soft, wet ground; a marsh; a fen. Morass ore. (Min.)
See Bog ore, under Bog.

MORASSY
mo*rass"y, a.

Defn: Marshy; fenny. [R.] Pennant.

MORATE
Mo"rate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of moric acid.

MORATION
Mo*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. moratio.]

Defn: A delaying tarrying; delay. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

MORATORIUM
Mor`a*to"ri*um, n. [NL. See Moratory.] (Law)

Defn: A period during which an obligor has a legal right to delay
meeting an obligation, esp. such a period granted, as to a bank, by a
moratory law.

MORATORY
Mor"a*to*ry, a. [L. moratorius delaying, fr. morari to delay.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to delay; esp., designating a law passed, as
in a time of financial panic, to postpone or delay for a period the
time at which notes, bills of exchange, and other obligations, shall
mature or become due.

MORAVIAN
Mo*ra"vi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Moravia, or to the United Brethren. See
Moravian, n.

MORAVIAN
Mo*ra"vi*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a religious sect called the United Brethern (an offshoot
of the Hussites in Bohemia), which formed a separate church of
Moravia, a northern district of Austria, about the middle of the 15th
century. After being nearly extirpated by persecution, the society,
under the name of The Renewed Church of the United Brethren, was
reëstablished in 1722-35 on the estates of Count Zinzendorf in
Saxony. Called also Herrnhuter.

MORAVIANISM
Mo*ra"vi*an*ism, n.

Defn: The religious system of the Moravians.

MORAY
Mor"ay, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A muræna.

MORBID
Mor"bid, a. Etym: [L. morbidus, fr. morbus disease; prob. akin to
mori to die: cf. F. morbide, It. morbido. See Mortal.]

1. Not sound and healthful; induced by a diseased or abnormal
condition; diseased; sickly; as, morbid humors; a morbid
constitution; a morbid state of the juices of a plant. "Her sick and
morbid heart." Hawthorne.

2. Of or pertaining to disease or diseased parts; as, morbid anatomy.

Syn.
 -- Diseased; sickly; sick.
 -- Morbid, Diseased. Morbid is sometimes used interchangeably with
diseased, but is commonly applied, in a somewhat technical sense, to
cases of a prolonged nature; as, a morbid condition of the nervous
system; a morbid sensibility, etc.

MORBIDEZZA
Mor`bi*dez"za, n. Etym: [It., softness, delicacy. See Morbid.]

1. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Delicacy or softness in the representation of flesh.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A term used as a direction in execution, signifying, with
extreme delicacy. Ludden.

MORBIDITY
Mor*bid"i*ty, n.

1. The quality or state of being morbid.

2. Morbid quality; disease; sickness. C. Kingsley.

3. Amount of disease; sick rate.

MORBIDLY
Mor"bid*ly, adv.

Defn: In a morbid manner.

MORBIDNESS
Mor"bid*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being morbid; morbidity.

MORBIFIC; MORBIFICAL
Mor*bif"ic, Mor*bif"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. morbus disease + -ficare (in
comp.) to make: cf. F. morbifique. See -fy.]

Defn: Causing disease; generating a sickly state; as, a morbific
matter.

MORBILLOUS
Mor*bil"lous, a. Etym: [LL. morbilli measles, dim. of L. morbus
disease: cf. F. morbilleux.]

Defn: Pertaining to the measles; partaking of the nature of measels,
or resembling the eruptions of that disease; measly.

MORBOSE
Mor*bose", a. Etym: [L. morbosus, fr. morbus disease.]

Defn: Proceeding from disease; morbid; unhealthy.
Morbose tumors and excrescences of plants. Ray.

MORBOSITY
Mor*bos"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. morbositas.]

Defn: A diseased state; unhealthiness. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

MORCEAU
Mor`ceau", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A bit; a morsel.

MORDACIOUS
Mor*da"cious, a. Etym: [L. mordax, -acis, fr. mordere, morsum, to
bite. See Morsel.]

Defn: Biting; given to biting; hence, figuratively, sarcastic;
severe; scathing.
 -- Mor*da"cious*ly, adv.

MORDACITY
Mor*dac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. mordacitas: cf. F. mordacité. See
Mordacious.]

Defn: The quality of being mordacious; biting severity, or sarcastic
quality. Bacon.

MORDANT
Mor"dant, a. Etym: [F., p.pr. of mordere to bite; L. mordere. See
Morsel.]

1. Biting; caustic; sarcastic; keen; severe.

2. (Dyeing & Calico Printing)

Defn: Serving to fix colors.

MORDANT
Mor"dant, n. Etym: [F., originally, biting.]

1. Any corroding substance used in etching.

2. (Dyeing & Calico Printing)

Defn: Any substance, as alum or copperas, which, having a twofold
attraction for organic fibers and coloring matter, serves as a bond
of union, and thus gives fixity to, or bites in, the dyes.

3. (Gilding)

Defn: Any sticky matter by which the gold leaf is made to adhere.

MORDANT
Mor"dant, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mordanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Mordanting.]

Defn: To subject to the action of, or imbue with, a mordant; as, to
mordant goods for dyeing.

MORDANTLY
Mor"dant*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a mordant.

MORDENTE
Mor*den"te, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: An embellishment resembling a trill.

MORDICANCY
Mor"di*can*cy, n.

Defn: A biting quality; corrosiveness. [R.] Evelyn.

MORDICANT
Mor"di*cant, a. Etym: [L. mordicans, p.pr. of mordicare to bite, fr.
mordere: cf. F. mordicant.]

Defn: Biting; acrid; as, the mordicant quality of a body. [R.] Boyle.

MORDICATION
Mor`di*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. mordicatio.]

Defn: The act of biting or corroding; corrosion. [R.] Bacon.

MORDICATIVE
Mor"di*ca*tive, a. Etym: [L. mordicativus.]

Defn: Biting; corrosive. [R.] Holland.

MORE
More, n. Etym: [AS. mor. See Moor a waste.]

Defn: A hill. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

MORE
More, n. Etym: [AS. more, moru; akin to G. möhre carrot, OHG. moraha,
morha.]

Defn: A root. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MORE
More, a., compar. [Positive wanting; superl. Most (.] Etym: [OE.
more, mare, and (orig. neut. and adv.) mo, ma, AS. mara, and (as
neut. and adv.) ma; akin to D. meer, OS. mer, G. mehr, OHG. mero,
mer, Icel. meiri, meirr, Dan. meere, meer, Sw. mera, mer, Goth.
maiza, a., mais, adv., and perh. to L. major greater, compar. of
magnus great, and magis, adv., more. sq. root103. Cf. Most, uch,
Major.]

1. Greater; superior; increased; as:
(a) Greater in quality, amount, degree, quality, and the like; with
the singular.
He gat more money. Chaucer.
If we procure not to ourselves more woe. Milton.

Note: More, in this sense, was formerly used in connection with some
other qualifying word, -- a, the, this, their, etc., -- which now
requires the substitution of greater, further, or the like, for more.
Whilst sisters nine, which dwell on Parnasse height, Do make them
music for their more delight. Spenser.
The more part knew not wherefore they were come together. Acts xix.
32.
Wrong not that wrong with a more contempt. Shak.

(b) Greater in number; exceeding in numbers; -- with the plural.
The people of the children of Israel are more and mighter than we.
Ex. i. 9.

2. Additional; other; as, he wept because there were no more words to
conquer.
With open arms received one poet more. Pope.

MORE
More, n.

1. A greater quantity, amount, or number; that which exceeds or
surpasses in any way what it is compared with.
And the children of Israel did so, and gathered, some more, some
less. Ex. xvi. 17.

2. That which is in addition; something other and further; an
additional or greater amount.
They that would have more and more can never have enough. L'Estrange.
O! That pang where more than madness lies. Byron.
Any more. (a) Anything or something additional or further; as, I do
not need any more. (b) Adverbially: Further; beyond a certain time;
as, do not think any more about it.
 -- No more, not anything more; nothing in addition.
 -- The more and less, the high and low. [Obs.] Shak. "All cried,
both less and more." Chaucer.

MORE
More, adv.

1. In a greater quantity; in or to a greater extent or degree.
(a) With a verb or participle.
Admiring more The riches of Heaven's pavement. Milton.

(b) With an adjective or adverb (instead of the suffix -er) to form
the comparative degree; as, more durable; more active; more sweetly.
Happy here, and more happy hereafter. Bacon.

Note: Double comparatives were common among writers of the Elizabeth
period, and for some time later; as, more brighter; more dearer.
The duke of Milan And his more braver daughter. Shak.

2. In addition; further; besides; again.
Yet once more, Oye laurels, and once more, Ye myrtles brown, with ivy
never sere, I come to pluck your berries harsh and crude. Milton.
More and more, with continual increase. "Amon trespassed more and
more." 2 Chron. xxxiii. 23.
 -- The more, to a greater degree; by an added quantity; for a reason
already specified.
 -- The more -- the more, by how much more -- by so much more. "The
more he praised in himself, the more he seems to suspect that in very
deed it was not in him." Milton.
 -- To be no more, to have ceased to be; as, Cassius is no more; Troy
is no more.
Those oracles which set the world in flames, Nor ceased to burn till
kingdoms were no more. Byron.

MORE
More, v. t.

Defn: To make more; to increase. [Obs.] Gower.

MOREEN
Mo*reen", n. Etym: [Cf. Mohair.]

Defn: A thick woolen fabric, watered or with embossed figures; --
used in upholstery, for curtains, etc.

MOREL
Mor"el, n. Etym: [See Moril.] (Bot.)

Defn: An edible fungus (Morchella esculenta), the upper part of which
is covered with a reticulated and pitted hymenium. It is used as
food, and for flavoring sauces. [Written also moril.]

MOREL
Mor"el, n. Etym: [See Morelle.] (Bot.)

1. Nightshade; -- so called from its blackish purple berries.
[Written also morelle.]

2. A kind of cherry. See Morello. Great morel, the deadly nightshade.
 -- Petty morel, the black nightshade. See Nightshade.

MORELAND
More"land, n.

Defn: Moorland.

MORELLE
Mo*relle", n. Etym: [F., orig. fem. of moreau black, OF. morel, fr.
LL. morellus. Cf. Morello, Murrey.] (Bot.)

Defn: Nightshade. See 2d Morel.

MORELLO
Mo*rel"lo, n. Etym: [Cf. It. morello blackish, OF. morel. Cf.
Morelle.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of nearly black cherry with dark red flesh and juice, --
used chiefly for preserving.

MORENDO
Mo*ren"do, a. & n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Dying; a gradual decrescendo at the end of a strain or cadence.

MORENESS
More"ness, n.

Defn: Greatness. [Obs.] Wyclif.

MOREOVER
More*o"ver, adv. Etym: [More + over.]

Defn: Beyond what has been said; further; besides; in addition;
furthermore; also; likewise.
Moreover, he hath left you all his walks. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Besides, Moreover. Of the two words, moreover is the stronger and
is properly used in solemn discourse, or when what is added is
important to be considered. See Besides.

MOREPORK
More"pork`, n. Etym: [So named from its cry.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Australian crested goatsucker (Ægotheles Novæ-Hollandiæ).
Also applied to other allied birds, as Podargus Cuveiri.

MORES
Mo"res (mo"rez), n. pl.; sing. Mos (mos). [L.]

Defn: Customs; habits; esp., customs conformity to which is more or
less obligatory; customary law.

MORESK
Mo*resk", a. & n.

Defn: Moresque. [Obs.]

MORESQUE
Mo*resque", a. Etym: [F., fr. It. moresco, or Sp. morisco. See
Morris.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or in the manner or style of, the Moors;
Moorish.
 -- n.

Defn: The Moresque style of architecture or decoration. See Moorish
architecture, under Moorish. [Written also mauresque.]

MORGAN
Mor"gan, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a celebrated breed of American trotting horses; -- so
called from the name of the stud from which the breed originated in
Vermont.

MORGANATIC
Mor`ga*nat"ic, a. Etym: [LL. matrimonium ad morganaticam, fr.
morganatica a morning gift, a kind of dowry paid on the morning
before or after the marriage, fr. OHG. morgan morning, in morgangeba
morning gift, G. morgengabe. See Morn.]

Defn: Pertaining to, in the manner of, or designating, a kind of
marriage, called also left-handed marriage, between a man of superior
rank and a woman of inferior, in which it is stipulated that neither
the latter nor her children shall enjoy the rank or inherit the
possessions of her husband. Brande & C.
 -- Mor`ga*nat"ic*al*ly, adv.

MORGAY
Mor"gay, n. Etym: [W. morgi dogfish, shark; mor sea + ci dog.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The European small-spotted dogfish, or houndfish. See the Note
under Houndfish.

MORGLAY
Mor"glay, n. Etym: [Cf. Claymore.]

Defn: A sword. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

MORGUE
Morgue, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A place where the bodies of persons found dead are exposed,
that they may be identified, or claimed by their friends; a
deadhouse.

MORIA
Mo"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Idiocy; imbecility; fatuity; foolishness.

MORIAN
Mo"ri*an, n. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A Moor. [Obs.]
In vain the Turks and Morians armed be. Fairfax.

MORIBUND
Mor"i*bund, a. Etym: [L. moribundus, from moriri to die. See Mortal.]

Defn: In a dying state; dying; at the point of death.
The patient was comatose and moribund. Copland.

MORIBUND
Mor"i*bund, n.

Defn: A dying person. [R.]

MORIC
Mo"ric, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, fustic (see Morin); as, moric
acid.

MORICE
Mor"ice, n.

Defn: See Morisco.

MORIGERATE
Mo*rig"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. morigeratus, p.p. of morigerari to comply
with. See Morigerous.]

Defn: Obedient. [Obs.]

MORIGERATION
Mo*rig`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. morigeratio.]

Defn: Obsequiousness; obedience. [Obs.] Evelyn.

MORIGEROUS
Mo*rig"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. morigerus; oss, moris, custom, manner +
gerere to bear, conduct.]

Defn: Obedient; obsequious. [Obs.] Brathwait.

MORIL
Mor"il, n. Etym: [F. morille; cf. OHG. morhila, G. morchel, OHG.
morha carrot. See More a root.] (Bot.)

Defn: An edible fungus. Same as 1st Morel.

MORIN
Mo"rin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance of acid properties extracted
from fustic (Maclura tinctoria, formerly called Morus tinctoria); --
called also moric acid.

MORINDA
Mo*rin"da, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of rubiaceous trees and shrubs, mostly East Indian,
many species of which yield valuable red and yellow dyes. The wood is
hard and beautiful, and used for gunstocks.

MORINDIN
Mo*rin"din, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow dyestuff extracted from the root bark of an East
Indian plant (Morinda citrifolia).

MORINEL
Mor"i*nel`, n. Etym: [Cf. F. morinelle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dotterel.

MORINGA
Mo*rin"ga, n. Etym: [Malayam murunggi.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees of Southern India and Northern Africa. One
species (Moringa pterygosperma) is the horse-radish tree, and its
seeds, as well as those of M. aptera, are known in commerce as ben or
ben nuts, and yield the oil called oil of ben.

MORINGIC
Mo*rin"gic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Designating an organic acid obtained from oil of ben. See
Moringa.

MORINTANNIC
Mo`rin*tan"nic, a. Etym: [NL. Morus fustic + E. tannic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a variety of tannic acid
extracted from fustic (Maclura, formerly Morus, tinctoria) as a
yellow crystalline substance; -- called also maclurin.

MORION
Mo"ri*on, n. Etym: [F. morion, Sp. morrion; cf. Sp. morra the upper
part of the head, morro anything that is round.]

Defn: A kind of open helmet, without visor or beaver, and somewhat
resembling a hat.
A battered morion on his brow. Sir W. Scott.

MORION
Mo"ri*on, n. Etym: [G.] (Min.)

Defn: A dark variety of smoky quartz.

MORIOPLASTY
Mo"ri*o*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Gr. -plasty.] (Surg.)

Defn: The restoration of lost parts of the body.

MORISCO
Mo*ris"co, a. Etym: [Sp. See Morris the dance.]

Defn: Moresque.

MORISCO
Mo*ris"co, n. Etym: [Sp. morisco Moorish.]

Defn: A thing of Moorish origin; as: (a) The Moorish language. (b) A
Moorish dance, now called morris dance. Marston. (c) One who dances
the Moorish dance. Shak. (d) Moresque decoration or architecture.

MORISK
Mo"risk, n.

Defn: Same as Morisco.

MORKIN
Mor"kin, n. Etym: [Akin to Sw. murken putrefied, Icel. morkinn
putrid.]

Defn: A beast that has died of disease or by mischance. [Obs.] Bp.
Hall.

MORLAND
Mor"land, n.

Defn: Moorland. [Obs.]

MORLING
Mor"ling, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mort dead, L. mortuus, fr. moriri to die.]

Defn: Mortling. [Eng.] Ainsworth.

MORMAL
Mor"mal, n. Etym: [F. mort-mai a deadly evil. Nares.]

Defn: A bad sore; a gangrene; a cancer. [Obs.] [Written also morrimal
and mortmal.] Chaucer.

MORMO
Mor"mo, n. Etym: [Gr. mormw` a hideous she-monster, a bugbear.]

Defn: A bugbear; false terror. [Obs.] Jonhson.

MORMON
Mor"mon, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) A genus of sea birds, having a large, thick bill; the puffin.
(b) The mandrill.

MORMON
Mor"mon, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: One of a sect in the United States, followers of Joseph Smith,
who professed to have found an addition to the Bible, engraved on
golden plates, called the Book of Mormon, first published in 1830.
The Mormons believe in polygamy, and their hierarchy of apostles,
etc., has control of civil and religious matters.

Note: The Mormons call their religious organization The Church of
Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Its head claims to receive
revelations of God's will, and to have certain supernatural powers.

MORMON
Mor"mon, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Mormons; as, the Mormon religion;
Mormon practices.

MORMONDOM
Mor"mon*dom, n.

Defn: The country inhabited by the Mormons; the Mormon people.

MORMONISM
Mor"mon*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine, system, and practices of the Mormons.

MORMONITE
Mor"mon*ite, n.

Defn: A Mormon.
 -- a.

Defn: Mormon. "Mormonite religion." F. W. Newman.

MORN
Morn, n. Etym: [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen,
OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan.
morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]

Defn: The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in
poetry.
From morn To noun he fell, from noon to dewy eve. Milton.

MORNE
Mor"ne, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the morn; morning. [Obs.] "White as morne
milk." Chaucer.

MORNE
Morne, n. Etym: [F., fr. morne sad, sorrowful. See Mourn.]

Defn: A ring fitted upon the head of a lance to prevent wounding an
adversary in titling.

MORNE
Mor`né", a. Etym: [F., fr. morne a morne.] (Her.)

Defn: Without teeth, tongue, or claws; -- said of a lion represented
heraldically.

MORNE
Morne, n. Etym: [OE. morning, morwening. See Morn.]

1. The first or early part of the day, variously understood as the
earliest hours of light, the time near sunrise; the time from
midnight to noon, from rising to noon, etc.

2. The first or early part; as, the morning of life.

3. The goddess Aurora. [Poetic] Shak.

MORNING
Morn"ing, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the first part or early part of the day; being in
the early part of the day; as, morning dew; morning light; morning
service.
She looks as clear As morning roses newly washed with dew. Shak.
Morning gown, a gown worn in the morning before one is dressed for
the day.
 -- Morning gun, a gun fired at the first stroke of reveille at
military posts.
 -- Morning sickness (Med.), nausea and vomiting, usually occurring
in the morning; -- a common sign of pregnancy.
 -- Morning star. (a) Any one of the planets (Venus, Jupiter, Mars,
or Saturn) when it precedes the sun in rising, esp. Venus. Cf.
Evening star, Evening. (b) Satan. See Lucifer.
Since he miscalled the morning star, Nor man nor fiend hath fallen so
far. Byron.
(c) A weapon consisting of a heavy ball set with spikes, either
attached to a staff or suspended from one by a chain.
 -- Morning watch (Naut.), the watch between four A. M. and eight A.
M..

MORNING-GLORY
Morn"ing-glo`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A climbing plant (Ipomoea purpurea) having handsome, funnel-
shaped flowers, usually red, pink, purple, white, or variegated,
sometimes pale blue. See Dextrorsal.

MORNINGTIDE
Morn"ing*tide`, n.

Defn: Morning time. [Poetic]

MORNWARD
Morn"ward, adv.

Defn: Towards the morn. [Poetic]
And mornward now the starry hands move on. Lowell.

MORO
Mo"ro, n. Etym: [Cf. It. mora mulberry, L. morum.] (Med.)

Defn: A small abscess or tumor having a resemblance to a mulberry.
Dunglison.

MOROCCAN
Mo*roc"can, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Morocco, or its inhabitants.

MOROCCO
Mo*roc"co, n. Etym: [Named from Morocco, the country. Cf. Morris the
dance.]

Defn: A fine kind of leather, prepared commonly from goatskin (though
an inferior kind is made of sheepskin), and tanned with sumac and
dyed of various colors; -- said to have been first made by the Moors.

MOROLOGY
Mo*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Foolish talk; nonsense; folly. [Obs.]

MORON
Mo"ron, n. (Pedagogy)

Defn: A person whose intellectual development proceeds normally up to
about the eighth year of age and is then arrested so that there is
little or no further development.

MORON
Mo*ron", n.; Sp. pl. Morones (#). [Sp.]

Defn: An inferior olive size having a woody pulp and a large
clingstone pit, growing in the mountainous and high-valley districts
around the city of Moron, in Spain.

MORONE
Mo*rone", n.

Defn: Maroon; the color of an unripe black mulberry.

MOROS
Mo"ros, n. pl.; sing. Moro. [Sp., pl. of Moro Moor.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: The Mohammedan tribes of the southern Philippine Islands, said
to have formerly migrated from Borneo. Some of them are warlike and
addicted to piracy.

MOROSAURUS
Mo`ro*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of large herbivorous dinosaurs, found in
Jurassic strata in America.

MOROSE
Mo*rose", a. Etym: [L. morosus, prop., excessively addicted to any
particular way or habit, fr. mos, moris, manner, habit, way of life:
cf. F. morose.]

1. Of a sour temper; sullen and austere; ill-humored; severe. "A
morose and affected taciturnity." I. Watts.

2. Lascivious; brooding over evil thoughts. [Obs.]

Syn.
 -- Sullen; gruff; severe; austere; gloomy; crabbed; crusty;
churlish; surly; ill-humored.

MOROSELY
Mo*rose"ly, adv.

Defn: Sourly; with sullen austerity.

MOROSENESS
Mo*rose"ness, n.

Defn: Sourness of temper; sulenness.
Learn good humor, never to oppose without just reason; abate some
degrees of pride and moroseness. I. Watts.

Note: Moroseness is not precisely peevishness or fretfulness, though
often accompained with it. It denotes more of silence and severity,
or ill-humor, than the irritability or irritation which characterizes
peevishness.

MOROSIS
Mo*ro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Idiocy; fatuity; stupidity.

MOROSITY
Mo*ros"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. morositas: cf. F. morosité.]

Defn: Moroseness. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

MOROSOPH
Mo"ro*soph, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A philosophical or learned fool. [Obs.]

MOROSOUS
Mo*ro"sous, a.

Defn: Morose. [Obs.] Sheldon.

MOROXITE
Mo*rox"ite, n. Etym: [Cf. Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of apatite of a greenish blue color.

MOROXYLATE
Mo*rox"y*late, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A morate.

MOROXYLIC
Mor`ox*yl"ic, a. Etym: [L. morus a mulberry tree + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the mulberry; moric.

MORPHEAN
Mor"phe*an, a.

Defn: Of or relating to Morpheus, to dreams, or to sleep. Keats.

MORPHEUS
Mor"pheus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The god of dreams.

MORPHEW
Mor"phew, n. Etym: [F. morpheé, LL. morphea; cf. It. morfea.]

Defn: A scurfy eruption. [Obs.] Drayton.

MORPHEW
Mor"phew, v. t.

Defn: To cover with a morphew. [Obs.]

MORPHIA
Mor"phi*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: Morphine.

MORPHINE
Mor"phine, n. Etym: [From Morpheus: cf. F. morphine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter white crystalline alkaloid found in opium, possessing
strong narcotic properties, and much used as an anodyne; -- called
also morphia, and morphina.

MORPHINISM
Mor"phin*ism, n. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition produced by the excessive or prolonged use
of morphine.

MORPHO
Mor"pho, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of large, handsome, tropical
American butterflies, of the genus Morpho. They are noted for the
very brilliant metallic luster and bright colors (often blue) of the
upper surface of the wings. The lower surface is usually brown or
gray, with eyelike spots.

MORPHOGENY
Mor*phog"e*ny, n. Etym: [form + root of (Biol.)

Defn: History of the evolution of forms; that part of ontogeny that
deals with the germ history of forms; -- distinguished from
physiogeny. Haeckel.

MORPHOLOGIC; MORPHOLOGICAL
Mor`pho*log"ic, Mor`pho*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. morphologique.]
(Biol.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or according to, the principles of
morphology.
 -- Mor`pho*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

MORPHOLOGIST
Mor*phol"o*gist, n. (Biol.)

Defn: One who is versed in the science of morphology.

MORPHOLOGY
Mor*phol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. morphologie.] (Biol.)

Defn: That branch of biology which deals with the structure of
animals and plants, treating of the forms of organs and describing
their varieties, homologies, and metamorphoses. See Tectology, and
Promorphology.

MORPHON
Mor"phon, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A morphological individual, characterized by definiteness of
form bion, a physiological individual. See Tectology. Haeckel.

Note: Of morphons there are six orders or categories: 1. Plastids or
elementary organisms. 2. Organs, homoplastic or heteroplastic. 3.
Antimeres (opposite or symmetrical or homotypic parts). 4. Metameres
(successive or homodynamous parts). 5. Personæ (shoots or buds of
plants, individuals in the narrowest sense among the higher animals).
6. Corms (stocks or colonies). For orders 2, 3, and 4 the term
idorgan has been recently substituted. See Idorgan.

MORPHONOMY
Mor*phon"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The laws of organic formation.

MORPHOPHYLY
Mor"pho*phy`ly, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The tribal history of forms; that part of phylogeny which
treats of the tribal history of forms, in distinction from the tribal
history of functions. Haeckel.

MORPHOSIS
Mor*pho"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The order or mode of development of an organ or part.

MORPHOTIC
Mor*phot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Connected with, or becoming an integral part of, a living unit
or of the morphological framework; as, morphotic, or tissue,
proteids. Foster.

-MORPHOUS
-mor"phous. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form denoting form, shape; as, isomorphous.

MORPION
Mor"pi*on, n. Etym: [F., fr. mordre to bite + L. pedis louse.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A louse. Hudibras.

MORRICE
Mor"rice, n.

Defn: Same as 1st Morris.

MORRICE
Mor"rice, a.

Defn: Dancing the morrice; dancing.
In shoals and bands, a morrice train. Wordsworth.

MORRICER
Mor"ri*cer, n.

Defn: A morris dancer. [Obs.]

MORRIMAL
Mor"ri*mal, n. & a.

Defn: See Mormal.

MORRIS
Mor"ris, n. Etym: [Sp. morisco Moorish, fr. Moro a Moor: cf. F.
moresque, It. moresca.]

1. A Moorish dance, usually performed by a single dancer, who
accompanies the dance with castanets.

2. A dance formerly common in England, often performed in pagenats,
processions, and May games. The dancers, grotesquely dressed and
ornamented, took the parts of Robin Hood, Maidmarian, and other
fictious characters.

3. An old game played with counters, or men, which are placed angles
of a figure drawn on a board or on the ground; also, the board or
ground on which the game is played.
The nine-men's morris is filled up with mud. Shak.

Note: The figure consists of three concentric squares, with lines
from the angles of the outer one to those of the inner, and from the
middle of each side of the outer square to that of the inner. The
game is played by two persons with nine or twelve pieces each (hence
called nine-men's morris or twelve-men's morris). The pieces are
placed alternately, and each player endeavors to prevent his opponent
from making a straight row of three. Should either succeed in making
a row, he may take up one of his opponent's pieces, and he who takes
off all of his opponent's pieces wins the game.

MORRIS
Mor"ris, n. Etym: [So called from its discoverer.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine fish having a very slender, flat, transparent body. It
is now generally believed to be the young of the conger eel or some
allied fish.

MORRIS-CHAIR
Mor"ris-chair`, n. [Prob. fr. the proper name Morris.]

Defn: A kind of easy-chair with a back which may be lowered or
raised.

MORRIS-PIKE
Mor"ris-pike`, n.

Defn: A Moorish pike. [Obs.]

MORRO
Mor"ro, n. [Sp., any spherical object.]

Defn: A round hill or point of land; hence, Morro castle, a castle on
a hill.

MORROT
Mor"rot, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Marrot.

MORROW
Mor"row, n. Etym: [OE. morwe, morwen, AS. morgen. See Morn.]

1. Morning. [Obs.] "White as morrow's milk." Bp. Hall.
We loved he by the morwe a sop in wine. Chaucer.

2. The next following day; the day subsequent to any day specified or
understood. Lev. vii. 16.
Till this stormy night is gone, And the eternal morrow dawn. Crashaw.

3. The day following the present; to-morrow. Good morrow, good
morning; -- a form of salutation.
 -- To morrow. See To-morrow in the Vocabulary.

MORSE
Morse, n. Etym: [F. morse, Russ. morj'; perh. akin to E. mere lake;
cf. Russ. more sea.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The walrus. See Walrus.

MORSE
Morse, n. Etym: [L. morsus a biting, a clasp, fr. mordere to bite.]

Defn: A clasp for fastening garments in front. Fairholt.

MORSE ALPHABET
Morse" al"pha*bet.

Defn: A telegraphic alphabet in very general use, inventing by Samuel
F.B.Morse, the inventor of Morse's telegraph. The letters are
represented by dots and dashes impressed or printed on paper, as, .-
(A), -... (B), -.. (D), . (E), .. (O), ... (R), -- (T), etc., or by
sounds, flashes of light, etc., with greater or less intervals
between them.

MORSE CODE
Morse" code". (Teleg.)

Defn: The telegraphic code, consisting of dots, dashes, and spaces,
invented by Samuel B. Morse. The Alphabetic code which is in use in
North America is given below. In length, or duration, one dash is
theoretically equal to three dots; the space between the elements of
a letter is equal to one dot; the interval in spaced letters, as O .
., is equal to three dots. There are no spaces in any letter composed
wholly or in part of dashes.

Alphabet

A .-          H ....       O . .          V ...-

B - . . .     I ..         P .....        W .--

C .. .        J -.-.       Q ..-.         X .-..

D -..         K -.-        R . ..         Y .. ..

E .           L ---    S ...          Z ... .

F .-.         M --         T --           & . ...

G --.         N -.         U ..-

Numerals

1 .--.        4 . . . .-          7 --..

2 ..-..       5 ---               8 - . . . .

3 . . . -.    6 . . . . . .       9 -..-

0 ----     Period ..--..   Comma .-.-

The International (Morse) code used elsewhere is the same as the
above with the following exceptions.

C -.-.     L .-..     Q --.-     Y -.--

F ..-.     O ---      R .-.      Z --..

J .---     P .--.     X -..-
The Morse code is used chiefly with the electric telegraph, but is
also employed in signalling with flags, lights, etc.

MORSEL
Mor"sel, n. Etym: [OF. morsel, F. morceau, LL. morsellus, a dim. fr.
L. morsus a biting, bite, fr. mordere to bite; prob. akin to E.
smart. See Smart, and cf. Morceau, Mordant, Muse, v., Muzzle, n.]

1. A little bite or bit of food. Chaucer.
Every morsel to a satisfied hunger is only a new labor to a tired
digestion. South.

2. A small quantity; a little piece; a fragment.

MORSING HORN
Mor"sing horn`.

Defn: A horn or flask for holding powder, as for priming. [Scot.] Sir
W. Scott.

MORSITATION
Mor`si*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of biting or gnawing. [Obs.]

MORSURE
Mor"sure, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. mordere, morsum, to bite.]

Defn: The act of biting. Swift.

MORT
Mort, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. margt, neut. of margr many.]

Defn: A great quantity or number. [Prov. Eng.]
There was a mort of merrymaking. Dickens.

MORT
Mort, n. Etym: [Etym. uncert.]

Defn: A woman; a female. [Cant]
Male gypsies all, not a mort among them. B. Jonson.

MORT
Mort, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A salmon in its third year. [Prov. Eng.]

MORT
Mort, n. Etym: [F., death, fr. L. mors, mortis.]

1. Death; esp., the death of game in the chase.

2. A note or series of notes sounded on a horn at the death of game.
The sportsman then sounded a treble mort. Sir W. Scott.

3. The skin of a sheep or lamb that has died of disease. [Prov. Eng.
& Scot.] Mort cloth, the pall spread over a coffin; black cloth
indicative or mourning; funeral hangings. Carlyle.
 -- Mort stone, a large stone by the wayside on which the bearers
rest a coffin. [Eng.] H. Taylor.

MORTAL
Mor"tal, a. Etym: [F. mortel, L. mortalis, from mors, mortis, death,
fr. moriri 8die; akin to E. murder. See Murder, and cf. Filemot, Mere
a lake, Mortgage.]

1. Subject to death; destined to die; as, man is mortal.

2. Destructive to life; causing or occasioning death; terminating
life; exposing to or deserving death; deadly; as, a mortal wound; a
mortal sin.

3. Fatally vulnerable; vital.
Last of all, against himself he turns his sword, but missing the
mortal place, with his poniard finishes the work. Milton.

4. Of or pertaining to the time of death.
Safe in the hand of one disposing Power, Or in the natal or the
mortal hour. Pope.

5. Affecting as if with power to kill; deathly.
The nymph grew pale, and in a mortal fright. Dryden.

6. Human; belonging to man, who is mortal; as, mortal wit or
knowledge; mortal power.
The voice of God To mortal ear is dreadful. Milton.

7. Very painful or tedious; wearisome; as, a sermon lasting two
mortal hours. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott. Mortal foe, Mortal enemy, an
inveterate, desperate, or implacable enemy; a foe bent on one's
destruction.

MORTAL
Mor"tal, n.

Defn: A being subject to death; a human being; man. "Warn poor
mortals left behind." Tickell.

MORTALITY
Mor*tal"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. mortalitas: cf. F. mortalité.]

1. The condition or quality of being mortal; subjection to death or
to the necessity of dying.
When I saw her die, I then did think on your mortality. Carew.

2. Human life; the life of a mortal being.
From this instant There 's nothing serious in mortality. Shak.

3. Those who are, or that which is, mortal; the human cace; humanity;
human nature.
Take these tears, mortality's relief. Pope.

4. Death; destruction. Shak.

5. The whole sum or number of deaths in a given time or a given
community; also, the proportion of deaths to population, or to a
specific number of the population; death rate; as, a time of great,
or low, mortality; the mortality among the settlers was alarming.
Bill of mortality. See under Bill.
 -- Law of mortality, a mathematical relation between the numbers
living at different ages, so that from a given large number of
persons alive at one age, it can be computed what number are likely
to survive a given number of years.
 -- Table of mortality, a table exhibiting the average relative
number of persons who survive, or who have died, at the end of each
year of life, out of a given number supposed to have been born at the
same time.

MORTALIZE
Mor"tal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mortalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Mortalizing.]

Defn: To make mortal. [R.]

MORTALLY
Mor"tal*ly, adv.

1. In a mortal manner; so as to cause death; as, mortally wounded.

2. In the manner of a mortal or of mortal beings.
I was mortally brought forth. Shak.

3. In an extreme degree; to the point of dying or causing death;
desperately; as, mortally jealous.
Adrian mortally envied poets, painters, and artificers, in works
wherein he had a vein to excel. Bacon.

MORTALNESS
Mor"tal*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being mortal; mortality.

MORTAR
Mor"tar, n. Etym: [OE. morter, AS. mortere, L. mortarium: cf. F.
mortier mortar. Cf. sense 2 (below), also 2d Mortar, Martel, Morter.]

1. A strong vessel, commonly in form of an inverted bell, in which
substances are pounded or rubbed with a pestle.

2. Etym: [F. mortier, fr. L. mortarium mortar (for trituarating).]
(Mil.)

Defn: A short piece of ordnance, used for throwing bombs, carcasses,
shells, etc., at high angles of elevation, as 45º, and even higher; -
- so named from its resemblance in shape to the utensil above
described. Mortar bed (Mil.), a framework of wood and iron, suitably
hollowed out to receive the breech and trunnions of a mortar.
 -- Mortar boat or vessel (Naut.), a boat strongly built and adapted
to carrying a mortar or mortars for bombarding; a bomb ketch.
 -- Mortar piece, a mortar. [Obs.] Shak.

MORTAR
Mor"tar, n. Etym: [OE. mortier, F. mortier, L. mortarium mortar, a
large basin or trough in which mortar is made, a mortar (in sense 1,
above). See 1st Mortar.] (Arch.)

Defn: A building material made by mixing lime, cement, or plaster of
Paris, with sand, water, and sometimes other materials; -- used in
masonry for joining stones, bricks, etc., also for plastering, and in
other ways. Mortar bed, a shallow box or receptacle in which mortar
is mixed.
 -- Mortar board. (a) A small square board with a handle beneath, for
holding mortar; a hawk. (b) A cap with a broad, projecting, square
top; -- worn by students in some colleges. [Slang]

MORTAR
Mor"tar, v. t.

Defn: To plaster or make fast with mortar.

MORTAR
Mor"tar, n. Etym: [F. mortier. See Mortar a vessel.]

Defn: A chamber lamp or light. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MORTGAGE
Mort"gage, n. Etym: [F. mort-gage; mort dead (L. mortuus) + gage
pledge. See Mortal, and Gage.]

1. (Law)

Defn: A conveyance of property, upon condition, as security for the
payment of a debt or the preformance of a duty, and to become void
upon payment or performance according to the stipulated terms; also,
the written instrument by which the conveyance is made.

Note: It was called a mortgage (or dead pledge) because, whatever
profit it might yield, it did not thereby redeem itself, but became
lost or dead to the mortgager upon breach of the condition. But in
equity a right of redemption is an inseparable incident of a mortgage
until the mortgager is debarred by his own laches, or by judicial
decree. Cowell. Kent.

2. State of being pledged; as, lands given in mortgage. Chattel
mortgage. See under Chattel.
 -- To foreclose a mortgage. See under Foreclose.
 -- Mortgage deed (Law), a deed given by way of mortgage.

MORTGAGE
Mort"gage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mortgaged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Mortgaging.]

1. (Law)

Defn: To grant or convey, as property, for the security of a debt, or
other engagement, upon a condition that if the debt or engagement
shall be discharged according to the contract, the conveyance shall
be void, otherwise to become absolute, subject, however, to the right
of redemption.

2. Hence: To pledge, either literally or figuratively; to make
subject to a claim or obligation.
Mortgaging their lives to covetise. Spenser.
I myself an mortgaged to thy will. Shak.

MORTGAGEE
Mort`ga*gee", n. (Law)

Defn: The person to whom property is mortgaged, or to whom a mortgage
is made or given.

MORTGAGEOR; MORTGAGOR
Mort"gage*or, Mort"ga*gor, n. (Law)

Defn: One who gives a mortgage.

Note: The letter e is required analogically after the second g in
order to soften it; but the spelling mortgagor is in fact the
prevailing form. When the word is contradistinguished from mortgagee
it is accented on the last syllable (

MORTGAGER
Mort"ga*ger, n. (Law)

Defn: gives a mortgage.

MORTIFEROUS
Mor"tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. mortifier; mors, mortis, death + ferre
to bring: cf. F. mortifère.]

Defn: Bringing or producing death; deadly; destructive; as, a
mortiferous herb. Gov. of Tongue.

MORTIFICATION
Mor`ti*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. mortificatio a killing. See
Mortify.]

1. The act of mortifying, or the condition of being mortified;
especially:
(a) (Med.) The death of one part of an animal body, while the rest
continues to live; loss of vitality in some part of a living animal;
gangrene. Dunglison.
(b) (Alchem. & Old Chem.) Destruction of active qualities;
neutralization. [Obs.] Bacon.
(c) Subjection of the passions and appetites, by penance, absistence,
or painful severities inflicted on the body.
The mortification of our lusts has something in it that is
troublesome, yet nothing that is unreasonable. Tillotson.

(d) Hence: Deprivation or depression of self-approval; abatement or
pride; humiliation; chagrin; vexation.
We had the mortification to lose sight of Munich, Augsburg, and
Ratisbon. Addison.

2. That which mortifies; the cause of humiliation, chagrin, or
vexation.
It is one of the vexatious mortifications of a studious man to have
his thoughts discovered by a tedious visit. L'Estrange.

3. (Scots Law)

Defn: A gift to some charitable or religious institution; -- nearly
synonymous with mortmain.

Syn.
 -- Chagrin; vexation; shame. See Chagrin.

MORTIFIED
Mor"ti*fied, imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Mortify.

MORTIFIEDNESS
Mor"ti*fied*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being mortified; humiliation; subjection of the
passions. [R.]

MORTIFIER
Mor"ti*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, mortifies.

MORTIFY
Mor"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mortified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Mortifying.] Etym: [OE. mortifien, F. mortifier, fr. L. mortificare;
L. mors, mortis, death + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Mortal, and
-fy.]

1. To destroy the organic texture and vital functions of; to produce
gangrene in.

2. To destroy the active powers or essential qualities of; to change
by chemical action. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Quicksilver is mortified with turpentine. Bacon.
He mortified pearls in vinegar. Hakewill.

3. To deaden by religious or other discipline, as the carnal
affections, bodily appetites, or worldly desires; to bring into
subjection; to abase; to humble.
With fasting mortified, worn out with tears. Harte.
Mortify thy learned lust. Prior.
Mortify, rherefore, your members which are upon the earth. Col. iii.
5.

4. To affect with vexation, chagrin, or humiliation; to humble; to
depress.
The news of the fatal battle of Worcester, which exceedingly
mortified our expectations. Evelyn.
How often is the ambitious man mortified with the very praises he
receives, if they do not rise so high as he thinks they ought!
Addison.

MORTIFY
Mor"ti*fy, v. i.

1. To lose vitality and organic structure, as flesh of a living body;
to gangrene.

2. To practice penance from religious motives; to deaden desires by
religious discipline.
This makes him ... give alms of all that he hath, watch, fast, and
mortify. Law.

3. To be subdued; to decay, as appetites, desires, etc.

MORTIFYING
Mor"ti*fy`ing, a.

1. Tending to mortify; affected by, or having symptoms of,
mortification; as, a mortifying wound; mortifying flesh.

2. Subduing the appetites, desires, etc.; as, mortifying penances.

3. Tending to humble or abase; humiliating; as, a mortifying repulse.

MORTIFYINGLY
Mor"ti*fy`ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a mortifying manner.

MORTISE
Mor"tise, n. Etym: [F. mortaise; cf. Sp. mortaja, Ar. murtazz fixed,
or W. mortais, Ir. mortis, moirtis, Gael. moirteis.]

Defn: A cavity cut into a piece of timber, or other material, to
receive something (as the end of another piece) made to fit it, and
called a tenon. Mortise and tenon (Carp.), made with a mortise and
tenon; joined or united by means of a mortise and tenon; -- used
adjectively.
 -- Mortise joint, a joint made by a mortise and tenon.
 -- Mortise lock. See under Lock.
 -- Mortise wheel, a cast-iron wheel, with wooden clogs inserted in
mortises on its face or edge; -- also called mortise gear, and core
gear.

MORTISE
Mor"tise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mortised; p. pr. & vb. n. Mortising.]

1. To cut or make a mortisein.

2. To join or fasten by a tenon and mortise; as, to mortise a beam
into a post, or a joist into a girder.

MORTLING
Mort"ling, n. Etym: [See Morling.]

1. An animal, as a sheep, dead of disease or privation; a mortling.
[Eng.]

2. Wool plucked from a dead sheep; morling.

MORTMAIN
Mort"main`, n. Etym: [F. mort, morte, dead + main hand; F. main-
morte. See Mortal, and Manual.] (Law)

Defn: Possession of lands or tenements in, or conveyance to, dead
hands, or hands that cannot alienate.

Note: The term was originally applied to conveyance of land made to
ecclesiastical bodies; afterward to conveyance made to any corporate
body. Burrill.

MORTMAL
Mort"mal, n.

Defn: See Mormal. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

MORTPAY
Mort"pay`, n. Etym: [F. mort dead + E. pay.]

Defn: Dead pay; the crime of taking pay for the service of dead
soldiers, or for services not actually rendered by soldiers. [Obs.]
Bacon.

MORTRESS; MORTREW
Mor"tress, Mor"trew, n. Etym: [See Mortar.]

Defn: A dish of meats and other ingredients, cooked together; an
ollapodrida. Chaucer. Bacon.

MORTUARY
Mor"tu*a*ry, n.; pl. Mortuaries. Etym: [LL. mortuarium. See Mortuary,
a.]

1. A sort of ecclesiastical heriot, a customary gift claimed by, and
due to, the minister of a parish on the death of a parishioner. It
seems to have been originally a voluntary bequest or donation,
intended to make amends for any failure in the payment of tithes of
which the deceased had been guilty.

2. A burial place; a place for the dead.

3. A place for the reception of the dead before burial; a deadhouse;
a morgue.

MORTUARY
Mor"tu*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. mortuarius, fr. mortuus dead: cf. F.
mortuaire. See Mortal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the dead; as, mortuary monuments. Mortuary
urn, an urn for holding the ashes of the dead.

MORULA
Mor"u*la, n.; pl. Morulæ. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. morum a mulberry.]
(Biol.)

Defn: The sphere or globular mass of cells (blastomeres), formed by
the clevage of the ovum or egg in the first stages of its
development; -- called also mulberry mass, segmentation sphere, and
blastosphere. See Segmentation.

MORULATION
Mor`u*la"tion, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The process of cleavage, or segmentation, of the ovum, by which
a morula is formed.

MORUS
Mo"rus, n. Etym: [L., mulberry tree. See Mulberry.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees, some species of which produce edible fruit;
the mulberry. See Mulberry.

Note: Morus alba is the white mulberry, a native of India or China,
the leaves of which are extensively used for feeding silkworms, for
which it furnishes the chief food.
 -- Morus multicaulis, the many-stemmed or Chinese mulberry, is only
a form of white mulberry, preferred on account of its more abundant
leaves.
 -- Morus nigra, the black mulberry, produces a dark-colored fruit,
of an agreeable flavor.

MORWE
Mor"we, n.

Defn: See Morrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MORWENING
Mor"wen*ing, n.

Defn: Morning. [Obs.]

MOS
Mos, n.,

Defn: sing. of Mores.

MOSAIC
Mo*sa"ic, n. Etym: [F. mosaïque; cf. Pr. mozaic, musec, Sp. & Pg.
mosaico, It. mosaico, musaico, LGr. musivum; all fr. Gr. Muse the
goddess.]

1. (Fine Arts)

Defn: A surface decoration made by inlaying in patterns small pieces
of variously colored glass, stone, or other material; -- called also
mosaic work.

2. A picture or design made in mosaic; an article decorated in
mosaic.

MOSAIC
Mo*sa"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the style of work called mosaic; formed by
uniting pieces of different colors; variegated; tessellated; also,
composed of various materials or ingredients.
A very beautiful mosaic pavement. Addison.
Florentine mosaic. See under Florentine.
 -- Mosaic gold. (a) See Ormolu.
 -- (b) Stannic sulphide, SnS2, obtained as a yellow scaly
crystalline powder, and used as a pigment in bronzing and gilding
wood and metal work. It was called by the alchemists aurum musivum,
or aurum mosaicum. Called also bronze powder.
 -- Mosaic work. See Mosaic, n.

MOSAIC
Mo*sa"ic, a. Etym: [From Moses.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Moses, the leader of the Israelites, or
established through his agency; as, the Mosaic law, rites, or
institutions.

MOSAICAL
Mo*sa"ic*al, a.

Defn: Mosaic (in either sense). "A mosaical floor." Sir P. Sidney.

MOSAICALLY
Mo*sa"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a mosaic.

MOSAISM
Mo"sa*ism, n.

Defn: Attachment to the system or doctrines of Moses; that which is
peculiar to the Mosaic system or doctrines.

MOSASAUR; MOSASAURIAN
Mos"a*saur, Mos`a*sau"ri*an, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: One of an extinct order of reptiles, including Mosasaurus and
allied genera. See Mosasauria.

MOSASAURIA
Mos`a*sau"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Mosasaurus.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An order of large, extinct, marine reptiles, found in the
Cretaceous rocks, especially in America. They were serpentlike in
form and in having loosely articulated and dilatable jaws, with large
recurved tteth, but they had paddlelike feet. Some of them were over
fifty feet long. They are, essentially, fossil sea serpents with
paddles. Called also Pythonomarpha, and Mosasauria.

MOSASAURUS
Mos`a*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Mosa the River Meuse (on which
Meastricht is situated) + Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct marine reptiles allied to the lizards, but
having the body much elongated, and the limbs in the form of paddles.
The first known species, nearly fifty feet in length, was discovered
in Cretaceous beds near Maestricht, in the Netherlands. [Written also
Mososaurus.]

MOSCHATEL
Mos"cha*tel`, n. Etym: [Gr. moscatelline. See Muscadel, Musk.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Adoxa (A. moschatellina), the flowers of
which are pale green, and have a faint musky smell. It is found in
woods in all parts of Europe, and is called also hollow root and musk
crowfoot. Loudon.

MOSCHINE
Mos"chine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Moschus, a genus including the musk deer.

MOSEL
Mos"el, n. & v.

Defn: See Muzzle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MOSELLE
Mo*selle", n.

Defn: A light wine, usually white, produced in the vicinity of the
river Moselle.

MOSES
Mo"ses, n.

Defn: A large flatboat, used in the West Indies for taking freight
from shore to ship.

MOSEY
Mo"sey, v. i. [Perh. fr. Vamose.]

Defn: To go, or move (in a certain manner); -- usually with out, off,
along, etc. [Colloq.]  E. N. Wescott.

MOSK
Mosk, n.

Defn: See Mosque.

MOSLEM
Mos"lem, n.; pl. Moslems, or collectively Moslem. Etym: [Ar. muslim a
true believer in the Mohammedan faith, fr. salama to submit to God,
to resign one's self to the divine will. Cf. Islam, Mussulman.]

Defn: A Mussulman; an orthodox Mohammedan. [Written also muslim.]
"Heaps of slaughtered Moslem." Macaulay.
They piled the ground with Moslem slain. Halleck.

MOSLEM
Mos"lem, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Mohammedans; Mohammedan; as, Moslem
lands; the Moslem faith.

MOSLINGS
Mos"lings, n. pl.

Defn: Thin shreds of leather shaved off in dressing skins. Simmonds.

MOSOSAURUS
Mos`o*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Same as Mosasaurus.

MOSQUE
Mosque, n. Etym: [F. mosquée, Sp. mezquita, Ar. masjid, from sajada
to bend, adore.]

Defn: A Mohammedan church or place of religious worship. [Written
also mosk.]

MOSQUITO
Mos*qui"to, n.; pl. Mosquitoes. Etym: [Sp. mosquito, fr. moscafly, L.
musca. Cf. Musket.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of various species of gnats of the genus Culex and
allied genera. The females have a proboscis containing, within the
sheathlike labium, six fine, sharp, needlelike organs with which they
puncture the skin of man and animals to suck the blood. These bites,
when numerous, cause, in many persons, considerable irritation and
swelling, with some pain. The larvæ and pupæ, called wigglers, are
aquatic. [Written also musquito.] Mosquito bar, Mosquito net, a net
or curtain for excluding mosquitoes, -- used for beds and windows.
 -- Mosquito fleet, a fleet of small vessels.
 -- Mosquito hawk (Zoöl.), a dragon fly; -- so called because it
captures and feeds upon mosquitoes.
 -- Mosquito netting, a loosely-woven gauzelike fabric for making
mosquito bars.

MOSS
Moss, n. Etym: [OE. mos; akin to AS. meós, D. mos, G. moos, OHG. mos,
mios, Icel. mosi, Dan. mos, Sw. mossa, Russ. mokh', L. muscus. Cf.
Muscoid.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A cryptogamous plant of a cellular structure, with distinct
stem and simple leaves. The fruit is a small capsule usually opening
by an apical lid, and so discharging the spores. There are many
species, collectively termed Musci, growing on the earth, on rocks,
and trunks of trees, etc., and a few in running water.

Note: The term moss is also popularly applied to many other small
cryptogamic plants, particularly lichens, species of which are called
tree moss, rock moss, coral moss, etc. Fir moss and club moss are of
the genus Lycopodium. See Club moss, under Club, and Lycopodium.

2. A bog; a morass; a place containing peat; as, the mosses of the
Scottish border.

Note: Moss is used with participles in the composition of words which
need no special explanation; as, moss-capped, moss-clad, moss-
covered, moss-grown, etc. Black moss. See under Black, and
Tillandsia.
 -- Bog moss. See Sphagnum.
 -- Feather moss, any moss branched in a feathery manner, esp.
several species of the genus Hypnum.
 -- Florida moss, Long moss, or Spanish moss. See Tillandsia.
 -- Iceland moss, a lichen. See Iceland Moss.
 -- Irish moss, a seaweed. See Carrageen.
 -- Moss agate (Min.), a variety of agate, containing brown, black,
or green mosslike or dendritic markings, due in part to oxide of
manganese. Called also Mocha stone.
 -- Moss animal (Zoöl.), a bryozoan.
 -- Moss berry (Bot.), the small cranberry (Vaccinium Oxycoccus).
 -- Moss campion (Bot.), a kind of mosslike catchfly (Silene
acaulis), with mostly purplish flowers, found on the highest
mountains of Europe and America, and within the Arctic circle.
 -- Moss land, land produced accumulation of aquatic plants, forming
peat bogs of more or less consistency, as the water is grained off or
retained in its pores.
 -- Moss pink (Bot.), a plant of the genus Phlox (P. subulata),
growing in patches on dry rocky hills in the Middle United States,
and often cultivated for its handsome flowers. Gray.
 -- Moss rose (Bot.), a variety of rose having a mosslike growth on
the stalk and calyx. It is said to be derived from the Provence rose.
 -- Moss rush (Bot.), a rush of the genus Juncus (J. squarrosus).
 -- Scale moss. See Hepatica.

MOSS
Moss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mossed; p. pr. & vb. n. Mossing.]

Defn: To cover or overgrow with moss.
An oak whose boughs were mossed with age. Shak.

MOSSBACK
Moss"back`, n.

Defn: A veteran partisan; one who is so conservative in opinion that
he may be likened to a stone or old tree covered with moss.
[Political Slang, U.S.]

MOSSBANKER; MOSSBUNKER
Moss"bank`er, Moss"bunk`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The menhaded.

MOSS-GROWN
Moss"-grown`, a.

Defn: Overgrown with moss.

MOSSINESS
Moss"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being mossy.

MOSSTROOPER
Moss"troop`er, n. Etym: [Moss + trooper.]

Defn: One of a class of marauders or bandits that formerly infested
the border country between England and Scotland; -- so called in
allusion to the mossy or boggy character of much of the border
country.

MOSSY
Moss"y, a. [Compar. Mossier; superl. Mossiest.]

1. Overgrown with moss; abounding with or edged with moss; as, mossy
trees; mossy streams.
Old trees are more mossy far than young. Bacon.

2. Resembling moss; as, mossy green.

MOST
Most, a., superl. of More. Etym: [OE. most, mast, mest, AS. m; akin
to D. meest, OS. mest, G. meist, Icel. mestr, Goth. maists; a superl.
corresponding to E. more. *103. See More, a.]

1. Consisting of the greatest number or quantity; greater in number
or quantity than all the rest; nearly all. "Most men will proclaim
every one his own goodness." Prov. xx. 6.
The cities wherein most of his mighty works were done. Matt. xi. 20.

2. Greatest in degree; as, he has the most need of it. "In the moste
pride." Chaucer.

3. Highest in rank; greatest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Note: Most is used as a noun, the words part, portion, quantity,
etc., being omitted, and has the following meanings: 1. The greatest
value, number, or part; preponderating portion; highest or chief
part. 2. The utmost; greatest possible amount, degree, or result;
especially in the phrases to make the most of, at the most, at most.
A quarter of a year or some months at the most. Bacon.
A covetous man makes the most of what he has. L'Estrange.
For the most part, in reference to the larger part of a thing, or to
the majority of the persons, instances, or things referred to; as,
human beings, for the most part, are superstitious; the view, for the
most part, was pleasing.
 -- Most an end, generally. See An end, under End, n. [Obs.] "She
sleeps most an end." Massinger.

MOST
Most, adv. Etym: [AS. mæst. See Most, a.]

Defn: In the greatest or highest degree.
Those nearest to this king, and most his favorites, were courtiers
and prelates. Milton.

Note: Placed before an adjective or adverb, most is used to form the
superlative degree, being equivalent to the termination -est; as,
most vile, most wicked; most illustrious; most rapidly. Formerly, and
until after the Elizabethan period of our literature, the use of the
double superlative was common. See More, adv.
The most unkindest cut of all. Shak.
The most straitest sect of our religion. Acts xxvi. 5.

MOSTAHIBA
Mos`ta*hi"ba, n.

Defn: See Mustaiba.

MOSTE
Mos"te, obs.imp.

Defn: of Mote. Chaucer.

MOSTIC; MOSTICK
Mos"tic, Mos"tick, n. Etym: [See Maul-stick.]

Defn: A painter's maul-stick.

MOSTLY
Most"ly, adv.

Defn: For the greatest part; for the most part; chiefly; in the main.

MOSTRA
Mos"tra, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: See Direct, n.

MOSTWHAT
Most"what`, adv.

Defn: For the most part. [Obs.] "All the rest do mostwhat far amiss."
Spenser.

MOT
Mot, v. [Sing. pres. ind. Mot, Mote, Moot (, pl. Mot, Mote, Moote,
pres. subj. Mote; imp. Moste.] Etym: [See Must, v.] [Obs.]

Defn: May; must; might.
He moot as well say one word as another Chaucer.
The wordes mote be cousin to the deed. Chaucer.
Men moot [i.e., one only] give silver to the poore freres. Chaucer.
So mote it be, so be it; amen; -- a phrase in some rituals, as that
of the Freemasons.

MOT
Mot, n. Etym: [F. See Motto.]

1. A word; hence, a motto; a device. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Tarquin's eye may read the mot afar. Shak.

2. A pithy or witty saying; a witticism. [A Gallicism]
Here and there turns up a ... savage mot. N. Brit. Rev.

3. A note or brief strain on a bugle. Sir W. Scott.

MOTACIL
Mot"a*cil, n. Etym: [Cf. F. motacille.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any singing bird of the genus Motacilla; a wagtail.

MOTATION
Mo*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. motare, motatum, to keep moving.]

Defn: The act of moving; motion. [Obs.]

MOTE
Mote, v.

Defn: See 1st Mot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MOTE
Mote, n. Etym: [See Moot, a meeting.] [Obs., except in a few
combinations or phrases.]

1. A meeting of persons for discussion; as, a wardmote in the city of
London.

2. A body of persons who meet for discussion, esp. about the
management of affairs; as, a folkmote.

3. A place of meeting for discussion. Mote bell, the bell rung to
summon to a mote. [Obs.]

MOTE
Mote, n.

Defn: The flourish sounded on a horn by a huntsman. See Mot, n., 3,
and Mort. Chaucer.

MOTE
Mote, n. Etym: [OE. mot, AS. mot.]

Defn: A small particle, as of floating dust; anything proverbially
small; a speck.
The little motes in the sun do ever stir, though there be no wind.
Bacon.
We are motes in the midst of generations. Landor.

MOTED
Mot"ed, a.

Defn: Filled with motes, or fine floating dust; as, the air. "Moted
sunbeams." Tennyson.

MOTET
Mo*tet", n. Etym: [F., a dim. of mot word; cf. It. mottetto, dim. of
motto word, device. See Mot, Motto.] (Mus.)

Defn: A composition adapted to sacred words in the elaborate
polyphonic church style; an anthem.

MOTH
Moth (môth), n.

Defn: A mote. [Obs.] Shak.

MOTH
Moth, n.; pl. Moths (môthz). Etym: [OE. mothe, AS. moedhedhe; akin to
D. mot, G. motte, Icel. motti, and prob. to E. mad an earthworm. Cf.
Mad, n., Mawk.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any nocturnal lepidopterous insect, or any not included among
the butterflies; as, the luna moth; Io moth; hawk moth.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any lepidopterous insect that feeds upon garments, grain, etc.;
as, the clothes moth; grain moth; bee moth. See these terms under
Clothes, Grain, etc.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of various other insects that destroy woolen and fur
goods, etc., esp. the larvæ of several species of beetles of the
genera Dermestes and Anthrenus. Carpet moths are often the larvæ of
Anthrenus. See Carpet beetle, under Carpet, Dermestes, Anthrenus.

4. Anything which gradually and silently eats, consumes, or wastes
any other thing. Moth blight (Zoöl.), any plant louse of the genus
Aleurodes, and related genera. They are injurious to various plants.
 -- Moth gnat (Zoöl.), a dipterous insect of the genus Bychoda,
having fringed wings.
 -- Moth hunter (Zoöl.), the goatsucker.
 -- Moth miller (Zoöl.), a clothes moth. See Miller, 3, (a).
 -- Moth mullein (Bot.), a common herb of the genus Verbascum (V.
Blattaria), having large wheel-shaped yellow or whitish flowers.

MOTH-EAT
Moth"-eat`, v. t.

Defn: To eat or prey upon, as a moth eats a garment. [Rarely used
except in the form moth-eaten, p.p. or a.]
Ruin and neglect have so moth-eaten her. Sir T. Herbert.

MOTHEN
Moth"en, a.

Defn: Full of moths. [Obs.] Fulke.

MOTHER
Moth"er, n. Etym: [OE. moder, AS. modor; akin to D. moeder, OS.
modar, G. mutter, OHG. muotar, Icel. moedhir, Dan. & Sw. moder,
OSlav. mati, Russ. mate, Ir. & Gael. mathair, L. mater, Gr. mh`thr,
Skr. matrs; cf. Skr. ma to measure. *268. Cf. Material, Matrix,
Metropolis, Father.]

1. A female parent; especially, one of the human race; a woman who
has borne a child.

2. That which has produced or nurtured anything; source of birth or
origin; generatrix.
Alas! poor country! ... it can not Be called our mother, but our
grave. Shak.
I behold ... the solitary majesty of Crete, mother of a religion, it
is said, that lived two thousand years. Landor.

3. An old woman or matron. [Familiar]

4. The female superior or head of a religious house, as an abbess,
etc.

5. Hysterical passion; hysteria. [Obs.] Shak. Mother Carey's chicken
(Zoöl.), any one of several species of small petrels, as the stormy
petrel (Procellaria pelagica), and Leach's petrel (Oceanodroma
leucorhoa), both of the Atlantic, and O. furcata of the North
Pacific.
 -- Mother Carey's goose (Zoöl.), the giant fulmar of the Pacific.
See Fulmar.
 -- Mother's mark (Med.), a congenital mark upon the body; a nævus.

MOTHER
Moth"er, a.

Defn: Received by birth or from ancestors; native, natural; as,
mother language; also acting the part, or having the place of a
mother; producing others; originating.
It is the mother falsehood from which all idolatry is derived. T.
Arnold.
Mother cell (Biol.), a cell which, by endogenous divisions, gives
rise to other cells (daughter cells); a parent cell.
 -- Mother church, the original church; a church from which other
churches have sprung; as, the mother church of a diocese.
 -- Mother country, the country of one's parents or ancestors; the
country from which the people of a colony derive their origin.
 -- Mother liquor (Chem.), the impure or complex residual solution
which remains after the salts readily or regularly crystallizing have
been removed.
 -- Mother queen, the mother of a reigning sovereign; a queen mother.
 -- Mother tongue. (a) A language from which another language has had
its origin. (b) The language of one's native land; native tongue.
 -- Mother water. See Mother liquor (above).
 -- Mother wit, natural or native wit or intelligence.

MOTHER
Moth"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mothered; p. pr. & vb. n. Mothering.]

Defn: To adopt as a son or daughter; to perform the duties of a
mother to.
The queen, to have put lady Elizabeth besides the crown, would have
mothered another body's child. Howell.

MOTHER
Moth"er, n. Etym: [Akin to D. modder mud, G. moder mold, mud, Dan.
mudder mud, and to E. mud. See Mud.]

Defn: A film or membrane which is developed on the surface of
fermented alcoholic liquids, such as vinegar, wine, etc., and acts as
a means of conveying the oxygen of the air to the alcohol and other
combustible principles of the liquid, thus leading to their
oxidation.

Note: The film is composed of a mass of rapidly developing
microörganisms of the genus Mycoderma, and in the mother of vinegar
the microörganisms (Mycoderma aceti) composing the film are the
active agents in the Conversion of the alcohol into vinegar. When
thickened by growth, the film may settle to the bottom of the fluid.
See Acetous fermentation, under Fermentation.

MOTHER
Moth"er, v. i.

Defn: To become like, or full of, mother, or thick matter, as
vinegar.

MOTHERED
Moth"ered, a.

Defn: Thick, like mother; viscid.
They oint their naked limbs with mothered oil. Dryden.

MOTHERHOOD
Moth"er*hood, n.

Defn: The state of being a mother; the character or office of a
mother.

MOTHERING
Moth"er*ing, n.

Defn: A rural custom in England, of visiting one's parents on Midlent
Sunday, -- supposed to have been originally visiting the mother
church to make offerings at the high altar.

MOTHER-IN-LAW
Moth"er-in-law`, n.

Defn: The mother of one's husband or wife.

MOTHERLAND
Moth"er*land`, n.

Defn: The country of one's ancestors; -- same as fatherland.

MOTHERLESS
Moth"er*less, a. Etym: [AS. modorleás.]

Defn: Destitute of a mother; having lost a mother; as, motherless
children.

MOTHERLINESS
Moth"er*li*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being motherly.

MOTHERLY
Moth"er*ly, a. Etym: [AS. modorlic.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a mother; like, or suitable for, a mother;
tender; maternal; as, motherly authority, love, or care. Hooker.

Syn.
 -- Maternal; paternal.
 -- Motherly, Maternal. Motherly, being Anglo-Saxon, is the most
familiar word of the two when both have the same meaning. Besides
this, maternal is confined to the feelings of a mother toward her own
children, whereas motherly has a secondary sense, denoting a care
like that of a mother for her offspring. There is, perhaps, a growing
tendency thus to separate the two, confining motherly to the latter
signification. "They termed her the great mother, for her motherly
care in cherishing her brethren whilst young." Sir W. Raleigh.

MOTHERLY
Moth"er*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner of a mother.

MOTHER-NAKED
Moth"er-na`ked, a.

Defn: Naked as when born.

MOTHER-OF-PEARL
Moth"er-of-pearl`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hard pearly internal layer of several kinds of shells, esp.
of pearl oysters, river mussels, and the abalone shells; nacre. See
Pearl.

MOTHER-OF-THYME
Moth"er-of-thyme`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An aromatic plant (Thymus Serphyllum); -- called also wild
thyme.

MOTHER'S DAY
Moth"er's Day.

Defn: A day appointed for the honor and uplift of motherhood by the
loving remembrance of each person of his mother through the
performance of some act of kindness, visit, tribute, or letter. The
founder of the day is Anna Jarvis, of Philadelphia, who designated
the second Sunday in May, or for schools the second Friday, as the
time, and a white carnation as the badge.

MOTHERWORT
Moth"er*wort`, n. (Bot.)
(a) A labiate herb (Leonurus Cardiaca), of a bitter taste, used
popularly in medicine; lion's tail.
(b) The mugwort. See Mugwort.

MOTHERY
Moth"er*y, a.

Defn: Consisting of, containing, or resembling, mother (in vinegar).

MOTHY
Moth"y, a.

Defn: Infested with moths; moth-eaten. "An old mothy saddle." Shak.

MOTIF
Mo"tif, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Motive.

MOTIFIC
Mo*tif"ic, a. Etym: [L. motus motion (fr. movere to move) + facere to
make.]

Defn: Producing motion. [R.]

MOTILE
Mo"tile, a. Etym: [See Motive.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Having powers of self-motion, though unconscious; as, the
motile spores of certain seaweeds.

2. Producing motion; as, motile powers.

MOTILITY
Mo*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. motilité.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Capability of motion; contractility.

MOTION
Mo"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. motio, fr. movere, motum, to move. See
Move.]

1. The act, process, or state of changing place or position;
movement; the passing of a body from one place or position to
another, whether voluntary or involuntary; -- opposed to rest.
Speaking or mute, all comeliness and grace attends thee, and each
word, each motion, forms. Milton.

2. Power of, or capacity for, motion.
Devoid of sense and motion. Milton.

3. Direction of movement; course; tendency; as, the motion of the
planets is from west to east.
In our proper motion we ascend. Milton.

4. Change in the relative position of the parts of anything; action
of a machine with respect to the relative movement of its parts.
This is the great wheel to which the clock owes its motion. Dr. H.
More.

5. Movement of the mind, desires, or passions; mental act, or impulse
to any action; internal activity.
Let a good man obey every good motion rising in his heart, knowing
that every such motion proceeds from God. South.

6. A proposal or suggestion looking to action or progress; esp., a
formal proposal made in a deliberative assembly; as, a motion to
adjourn.
Yes, I agree, and thank you for your motion. Shak.

7. (Law)

Defn: An application made to a court or judge orally in open court.
Its object is to obtain an order or rule directing some act to be
done in favor of the applicant. Mozley & W.

8. (Mus.)

Defn: Change of pitch in successive sounds, whether in the same part
or in groups of parts.
The independent motions of different parts sounding together
constitute counterpoint. Grove.

Note: Conjunct motion is that by single degrees of the scale.
Contrary motion is that when parts move in opposite directions.
Disjunct motion is motion by skips. Oblique motion is that when one
part is stationary while another moves. Similar or direct motion is
that when parts move in the same direction.

9. A puppet show or puppet. [Obs.]
What motion's this the model of Nineveh Beau. & Fl.

Note: Motion, in mechanics, may be simple or compound. Simple motions
are: (a) straight translation, which, if of indefinite duration, must
be reciprocating. (b) Simple rotation, which may be either continuous
or reciprocating, and when reciprocating is called oscillating. (c)
Helical, which, if of indefinite duration, must be reciprocating.
Compound motion consists of combinations of any of the simple
motions. Center of motion, Harmonic motion, etc. See under Center,
Harmonic, etc.
 -- Motion block (Steam Engine), a crosshead.
 -- Perpetual motion (Mech.), an incessant motion conceived to be
attainable by a machine supplying its own motive forces independently
of any action from without.

Syn.
 -- See Movement.

MOTION
Mo"tion, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Motioned; p. pr. & vb. n. Motioning.]

1. To make a significant movement or gesture, as with the hand; as,
to motion to one to take a seat.

2. To make proposal; to offer plans. [Obs.] Shak.

MOTION
Mo"tion, v. t.

1. To direct or invite by a motion, as of the hand or head; as, to
motion one to a seat.

2. To propose; to move. [Obs.]
I want friends to motion such a matter. Burton.

MOTIONER
Mo"tion*er, n.

Defn: One who makes a motion; a mover. Udall.

MOTIONIST
Mo"tion*ist, n.

Defn: A mover. [Obs.]

MOTIONLESS
Mo"tion*less, a.

Defn: Without motion; being at rest.

MOTION PICTURE
Mo"tion pic"ture.

Defn: A moving picture.

MOTIVATE
Mo"ti*vate, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. -vated; p. pr. & vb. n. -vating.]
[From Motive, n.]

Defn: To provide with a motive; to move; impel; induce; incite. --
Mo`ti*va"tion (#), n.  William James.

MOTIVE
Mo"tive, n. Etym: [F. motif, LL. motivum, from motivus moving, fr. L.
movere, motum, to move. See Move.]

1. That which moves; a mover. [Obs.] Shak.

2. That which incites to action; anything prompting or exciting to
choise, or moving the will; cause; reason; inducement; object.
By motive, I mean the whole of that which moves, excites, or invites
the mind to volition, whether that be one thing singly, or many
things conjunctively. J. Edwards.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: The theme or subject; a leading phrase or passage which is
reproduced and varied through the course of a comor a movement; a
short figure, or melodic germ, out of which a whole movement is
develpoed. See also Leading motive, under Leading. [Written also
motivo.]

4. (Fine Arts)

Defn: That which produces conception, invention, or creation in the
mind of the artist in undertaking his subject; the guiding or
controlling idea manifested in a work of art, or any part of one.

Syn.
 -- Incentive; incitement; inducement; reason; spur; stimulus; cause.
 -- Motive, Inducement, Reason. Motive is the word originally used in
speaking of that which determines the choice. We call it an
inducement when it is attractive in its nature. We call it a reason
when it is more immediately addressed to the intellect in the form of
argument.

MOTIVE
Mo"tive, a.

Defn: Causing motion; having power to move, or tending to move; as, a
motive argument; motive power. "Motive faculty." Bp. Wilkins. Motive
power (Mach.), a natural agent, as water, steam, wind, electricity,
etc., used to impart motion to machinery; a motor; a mover.

MOTIVE
Mo"tive, v. t.

Defn: To prompt or incite by a motive or motives; to move.

MOTIVELESS
Mo"tive*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a motive; not incited by a motive.
 -- Mo"tive*less*ness, n. G. Eliot.

MOTIVITY
Mo*tiv"i*ty, n. Etym: [See Motive, n.]

1. The power of moving or producing motion.

2. The quality of being influenced by motives. [R.]

MOTIVO
Mo*ti"vo, n. Etym: [It. See Motive, n.]

Defn: See Motive, n., 3, 4.

MOTLEY
Mot"ley, a. Etym: [OE. mottelee, motle; cf. OF. mattelé clotted,
curdled, OF, ciel mattonné a mottled sky, mate, maton, curdled milk,
Prov. G. matte curd. Cf. Mottle.]

1. Variegated in color; consisting of different colors; dappled;
party-colored; as, a motley coat.

2. Wearing motley or party-colored clothing. See Motley, n., 1. "A
motley fool." Shak.

3. Composed of different or various parts; heterogeneously made or
mixed up; discordantly composite; as, motley style. Byron.

MOTLEY
Mot"ley, n.

1. A combination of distinct colors; esp., the party-colored cloth,
or clothing, worn by the professional fool. Chaucer. "Motley 's the
only wear." Shak.

2. Hence, a jester, a fool. [Obs.] Shak. Man of motley, a fool.
[Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

MOTLEY-MINDED
Mot"ley-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having a mind of a jester; foolish. Shak.

MOTMOT
Mot"mot, n. Etym: [Cf. Momot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of long-tailed, passerine birds of
the genus Momotus, having a strong serrated beak. In most of the
species the two long middle tail feathers are racket-shaped at the
tip, when mature. The bird itself is said by some writers to trim
them into this shape. They feed on insects, reptiles, and fruit, and
are found from Mexico to Brazil. The name is derived from its note.
[Written also momot.]

MOTO
Mo"to, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Movement; manner of movement; particularly, movement with
increased rapidity; -- used especially in the phrase con moto,
directing to a somewhat quicker movement; as, andante con moto, a
little more rapidly than andante, etc.

MOTOGRAPH
Mo"to*graph, n. [L. movere, motum, to move + -graph.] (Elec.)

Defn: A device utilized in the making of a loud-speaking telephone,
depending on the fact that the friction between a metallic point and
a moving cylinder of moistened chalk, or a moving slip of paper, on
which it rests is diminished by the passage of a current between the
point and the moving surface. -- Mo`to*graph"ic (#), a.

MOTON
Mo"ton, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Anc. Armor)

Defn: A small plate covering the armpit in armor of the 14th century
and later.

MOTOR
Mo"tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. movere, motum, to move.]

1. One who, or that which, imparts motion; a source of mechanical
power.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A prime mover; a machine by means of which a source of power,
as steam, moving water, electricity, etc., is made available for
doing mechanical work.

MOTOR; MOTORY; MOTORIAL
Mo"tor, Mo"to*ry, Mo*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. motorius that has motion.
See Motor, n.]

Defn: Causing or setting up motion; pertaining to organs of motion; -
- applied especially in physiology to those nerves or nerve fibers
which only convey impressions from a nerve center to muscles, thereby
causing motion.

MOTOR CAR; MOTORCAR
Motor car, or Mo"tor*car`, n.

1. An automobile, locomobile, or locomotive designed to run and be
steered on a street or roadway; esp., an automobile specially
designed for passengers.

2.  (Elec. Railroads) Any car containing motors for propulsion. [U.
S.]

MOTOR CYCLE; MOTORCYCLE
Motor cycle, or Mo"tor*cy`cle, n.

Defn: A bicycle having a motor attached so as to be self-propelled.
In Great Britain the term motor cycle is treated by statute (3 Ed
VII. c. 36) as limited to motor cars (self-propelled vehicles)
designed to travel on not more than three wheels, and weighing
unladen (that is, without water, fuel, or accumulators necessary for
propulsion) not more than three hundred weight (336 lbs.).

MOTOR-DRIVEN
Mo`tor-driv`en, a. (Mach.)

Defn: Driven or actuated by a motor, esp. by an individual electric
motor. An electric motor forms an integral part of many machine tools
in numerous modern machine shops.

MOTOR GENERATOR
Motor generator.

Defn: The combination consisting of a generator and a driving motor
mechanically connected, usually on a common bedplate and with the two
shafts directly coupled or combined into a single shaft.

MOTORING
Mo"tor*ing, n.

Defn: Act or recreation of riding in or driving a motor car or
automobile.

MOTORING
Mo"tor*ing, a.

Defn: Pertaining to motor cars or automobiles, or to the technology
of such; addicted to riding in or driving automobiles; as, motoring
parlance; my motoring friend.

MOTORIZE
Mo"tor*ize (mo"ter*iz), v. t.  [Motor + -ize.]

Defn: To substitute motor-driven vehicles, or automobiles, for the
horses and horse-drawn vehicles of (a fire department, city, etc.). -
-Mo`tor*i*za"tion (#), n.

MOTORMAN
Mo"tor*man, n.

Defn: A man who controls a motor.

MOTORPATHIC
Mo`tor*path"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to motorpathy.

MOTORPATHY
Mo*tor"pa*thy, n. Etym: [L. motor a mover + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Kinesiatrics.

MOTTE
Motte, n. Etym: [Cf. F. motte a clod, clump, or hillock.]

Defn: A clump of trees in a prairie. [Local, U.S.]

MOTTLE
Mot"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mottled; p. pr. & vb. n. Mottling.]
Etym: [From Mottled.]

Defn: To mark with spots of different color, or shades of color, as
if stained; to spot; to maculate.

MOTTLE
Mot"tle, n.

Defn: A mottled appearance.

MOTTLED
Mot"tled, a. Etym: [From Motley.]

Defn: Marked with spots of different colors; variegated; spotted; as,
mottled wood. "The mottled meadows." Drayton.

MOTTO
Mot"to, n.; pl. Mottoes. Etym: [It. motto a word, a saying, L. muttum
a mutter, a grunt, cf. muttire, mutire, to mutter, mumble; prob. of
imitative origin. Cf. Mot a word.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: A sentence, phrase, or word, forming part of an heraldic
achievment.

2. A sentence, phrase, or word, prefixed to an essay, discourse,
chapter, canto, or the like, suggestive of its subject matter; a
short, suggestive expression of a guiding principle; a maxim.
It was the motto of a bishop eminent for his piety and good works,
... "Serve God, and be cheerful." Addison.

MOTTOED
Mot"toed, a.

Defn: Bearing or having a motto; as, a mottoed coat or device.

MOTTY
Mot"ty, a.

Defn: Full of, or consisting of, motes. [Written also mottie.]
[Scot.]
The motty dust reek raised by the workmen. H. Miller.

MOUCHOIR
Mou`choir", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A handkerchief.

MOUEZZIN
Mou*ez"zin, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Muezzin.

MOUFLON
Mouf"lon, n. Etym: [F. mouflon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wild sheep (Ovis musimon), inhabiting the mountains of
Sardinia, Corsica, etc. Its horns are very large, with a triangular
base and rounded angles. It is supposed by some to be the original of
the domestic sheep. Called also musimon or musmon. [Written also
moufflon.]

MOUGHT
Mought, obs.imp.

Defn: of May. Might.

MOUILLATION
Mouil*la"tion, n. Etym: [See Mouillé.] (Phon.)

Defn: The act of uttering the sound of a mouillé letter.

MOUILLE
Mouil`lé", a. Etym: [F., lit., wet.] (Phon.)

Defn: Applied to certain consonants having a "liquid" or softened
sound; e.g., in French, l or ll and gn (like the lli in million and
ni in minion); in Italian, gl and gn; in Spanish, ll and ñ; in
Portuguese, lh and nh.

MOULD; MOULDER; MOULDY
Mould, Mould"er, Mould"y, etc.

Defn: See Mold, Molder, Moldy, etc.

MOULE
Moule, v. i. Etym: [OE. moulen. See Mold.]

Defn: To contract mold; to grow moldy; to mold. [Obs.]
Let us not moulen thus in idleness. Chaucer.

MOULINE; MOULINET
Mou*line", Mou"li*net, n. Etym: [F. moulinet, orig., a little mill,
dim. of moulin mill. See Mill.]

1. The drum upon which the rope is wound in a capstan, crane, or the
like.

2. A machine formerly used for bending a crossbow by winding it up.

3. In sword and saber exercises, a circular swing of the weawon.

MOULT
Moult, v. & n.

Defn: See Molt.

MOULTEN
Moult"en, a.

Defn: Having molted. [Obs.] "A moulten raven." Shak.

MOUN
Moun, v.,

Defn: pl. of Mow, may. [Obs.] Wyclif.

MOUNCH
Mounch, v. t.

Defn: To munch. [Obs.]

MOUND
Mound, n. Etym: [F. monde the world, L. mundus. See Mundane.]

Defn: A ball or globe forming part of the regalia of an emperor or
other sovereign. It is encircled with bands, enriched with precious
stones, and surmounted with a cross; -- called also globe.

MOUND
Mound, n. Etym: [OE. mound, mund, protection, AS. mund protection,
hand; akin to OHG. munt, Icel. mund hand, and prob. to L. manus. See
Manual.]

Defn: An artificial hill or elevation of earth; a raised bank; an
embarkment thrown up for defense; a bulwark; a rampart; also, a
natural elevation appearing as if thrown up artificially; a regular
and isolated hill, hillock, or knoll.
To thrid the thickets or to leap the mounds. Dryden.
Mound bird. (Zoöl.) Same as Mound maker (below).
 -- Mound builders (Ethnol.), the tribe, or tribes, of North American
aborigines who built, in former times, extensive mounds of earth,
esp. in the valleys of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. Formerly they
were supposed to have preceded the Indians, but later investigations
go to show that they were, in general, identical with the tribes that
occupied the country when discovered by Europeans.
 -- Mound maker (Zoöl.), any one of the megapodes.
 -- Shell mound, a mound of refuse shells, collected by aborigines
who subsisted largely on shellfish. See Midden, and Kitchen middens.

MOUND
Mound, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Mounding.]

Defn: To fortify or inclose with a mound.

MOUNT
Mount, n. Etym: [OE. munt, mont, mount, AS. munt, fr. L. mons,
montis; cf. L. minae protections, E. eminent, menace: cf. F. mont.
Cf. Mount, v., Mountain, Mont, Monte, Montem.]

1. A mass of earth, or earth and rock, rising considerably above the
common surface of the surrounding land; a mountain; a high hill; --
used always instead of mountain, when put before a proper name; as,
Mount Washington; otherwise, chiefly in poetry.

2. A bulwark for offense or defense; a mound. [Obs.]
Hew ye down trees, and cast a mount against Jerusalem. Jer. vi. 6.

3. Etym: [See Mont de piété.]

Defn: A bank; a fund. Mount of piety. See Mont de piété.

MOUNT
Mount, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Mounted; p. pr. & vb. n. Mounting.] Etym:
[OE. mounten, monten, F. monter, fr. L. mons, montis, mountain. See
Mount, n. (above).]

1. To rise on high; to go up; to be upraised or uplifted; to tower
aloft; to ascend; -- often with up.
Though Babylon should mount up to heaven. Jer. li. 53.
The fire of trees and houses mounts on high. Cowley.

2. To get up on anything, as a platform or scaffold; especially, to
seat one's self on a horse for riding.

3. To attain in value; to amount.
Bring then these blessings to a strict account, Make fair deductions,
see to what they mount. Pope.

MOUNT
Mount, v. t.

1. To get upon; to ascend; to climb.
Shall we mount again the rural throne Dryden.

2. To place one's self on, as a horse or other animal, or anything
that one sits upon; to bestride.

3. To cause to mount; to put on horseback; to furnish with animals
for riding; to furnish with horses. "To mount the Trojan troop."
Dryden.

4. Hence: To put upon anything that sustains and fits for use, as a
gun on a carriage, a map or picture on cloth or paper; to prepare for
being worn or otherwise used, as a diamond by setting, or a sword
blade by adding the hilt, scabbard, etc.

5. To raise aloft; to lift on high.
What power is it which mounts my love so high Shak.

Note: A fort or ship is said to mount cannon, when it has them
arranged for use in or about it. To mount guard (Mil.), to go on
guard; to march on guard; to do duty as a guard.
 -- To mount a play, to prepare and arrange the scenery, furniture,
etc., used in the play.

MOUNT
Mount, n. Etym: [From Mount, v.]

Defn: That upon which a person or thing is mounted, as:
(a) A horse.
She had so good a seat and hand, she might be trusted with any mount.
G. Eliot.

(b) The cardboard or cloth on which a drawing, photograph, or the
like is mounted; a mounting.

MOUNTABLE
Mount"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be mounted.

MOUNTAIN
Moun"tain, n. Etym: [OE. mountaine, montaine, F. montagne, LL.
montanea, montania, fr. L. mons, montis, a mountain; cf. montanus
belonging to a mountain. See 1st Mount.]

1. A large mass of earth and rock, rising above the common level of
the earth or adjacent land; earth and rock forming an isolated peak
or a ridge; an eminence higher than a hill; a mount.

2. pl.

Defn: A range, chain, or group of such elevations; as, the White
Mountains.

3. A mountainlike mass; something of great bulk.
I should have been a mountain of mummy. Shak.
The Mountain (La montagne) (French Hist.), a popular name given in
1793 to a party of extreme Jacobins in the National Convention, who
occupied the highest rows of seats.

MOUNTAIN
Moun"tain, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a mountain or mountains; growing or living on
a mountain; found on or peculiar to mountains; among mountains; as, a
mountain torrent; mountain pines; mountain goats; mountain air;
mountain howitzer.

2. Like a mountain; mountainous; vast; very great.
The high, the mountain majesty of worth. Byron.
Mountain anthelope (Zoöl.), the goral.
 -- Mountain ash (Bot.), an ornamental tree, the Pyrus (Sorbus)
Americana, producing beautiful bunches of red berries. Its leaves are
pinnate, and its flowers white, growing in fragrant clusters. The
European species is the P. aucuparia, or rowan tree.
 -- Mountain barometer, a portable barometer, adapted for safe
transportation, used in measuring the heights of mountains.
 -- Mountain beaver (Zoöl.), the sewellel.
 -- Mountain blue (Min.), blue carbonate of copper; azurite.
 -- Mountain cat (Zoöl.), the catamount. See Catamount.
 -- Mountain chain, a series of contiguous mountain ranges, generally
in parallel or consecutive lines or curves.
 -- Mountain cock (Zoöl.), capercailzie. See Capercailzie.
 -- Mountain cork (Min.), a variety of asbestus, resembling cork in
its texture.
 -- Mountain crystal. See under Crystal.
 -- Mountain damson (Bot.), a large tree of the genus Simaruba (S.
amarga) growing in the West Indies, which affords a bitter tonic and
astringent, sometimes used in medicine.
 -- Mountain dew, Scotch whisky, so called because often illicitly
distilled among the mountains. [Humorous] -- Mountain ebony (Bot.), a
small leguminous tree (Bauhinia variegata) of the East and West
Indies; -- so called because of its dark wood. The bark is used
medicinally and in tanning.
 -- Mountain flax (Min.), a variety of asbestus, having very fine
fibers; amianthus. See Amianthus.
 -- Mountain fringe (Bot.), climbing fumitory. See under Fumitory.
 -- Mountain goat. (Zoöl.) See Mazama.
 -- Mountain green. (Min.) (a) Green malachite, or carbonate of
copper. (b) See Green earth, under Green, a.
 -- Mountain holly (Bot.), a branching shrub (Nemopanthes
Canadensis), having smooth oblong leaves and red berries. It is found
in the Northern United States.
 -- Mountain laurel (Bot.), an American shrub (Kalmia latifolia) with
glossy evergreen leaves and showy clusters of rose-colored or white
flowers. The foliage is poisonous. Called also American laurel, ivy
bush, and calico bush. See Kalmia.
 -- Mountain leather (Min.), a variety of asbestus, resembling
leather in its texture.
 -- Mountain licorice (Bot.), a plant of the genus Trifolium (T.
Alpinum).
 -- Mountain limestone (Geol.), a series of marine limestone strata
below the coal measures, and above the old red standstone of Great
Britain. See Chart of Geology.
 -- Mountain linnet (Zoöl.), the twite.
 -- Mountain magpie. (Zoöl.) (a) The yaffle, or green woodpecker. (b)
The European gray shrike.
 -- Mountain mahogany (Bot.) See under Mahogany.
 -- Mountain meal (Min.), a light powdery variety of calcite,
occurring as an efflorescence.
 -- Mountain milk (Min.), a soft spongy variety of carbonate of lime.
 -- Mountain mint. (Bot.) See Mint.
 -- Mountain ousel (Zoöl.), the ring ousel; -- called also mountain
thrush and mountain colley. See Ousel.
 -- Mountain pride, or Mountain green (Bot.), a tree of Jamaica
(Spathelia simplex), which has an unbranched palmlike stem, and a
terminal cluster of large, pinnate leaves.
 -- Mountain quail (Zoöl.), the plumed partridge (Oreortyx pictus) of
California. It has two long, slender, plumelike feathers on the head.
The throat and sides are chestnut; the belly is brown with transverse
bars of black and white; the neck and breast are dark gray.
 -- Mountain range, a series of mountains closely related in position
and direction.
 -- Mountain rice. (Bot.) (a) An upland variety of rice, grown
without irrigation, in some parts of Asia, Europe, and the United
States. (b) An American genus of grasses (Oryzopsis).
 -- Mountain rose (Bot.), a species of rose with solitary flowers,
growing in the mountains of Europe (Rosa alpina).
 -- Mountain soap (Min.), a soft earthy mineral, of a brownish color,
used in crayon painting; saxonite.
 -- Mountain sorrel (Bot.), a low perennial plant (Oxyria digyna with
rounded kidney-form leaves, and small greenish flowers, found in the
White Mountains of New Hampshire, and in high northern latitudes.
Gray.
 -- Mountain sparrow (Zoöl.), the European tree sparrow.
 -- Mountain spinach. (Bot.) See Orach.
 -- Mountain tobacco (Bot.), a composite plant (Arnica montana) of
Europe; called also leopard's bane.
 -- Mountain witch (Zoöl.), a ground pigeon of Jamaica, of the genus
Geotrygon.

MOUNTAINEER
Moun`tain*eer", n. Etym: [OF. montanier, LL. montanarius. See
Mountain.]

1. An inhabitant of a mountain; one who lives among mountains.

2. A rude, fierce person. [Obs.]
No savage fierce, bandit, or mountaineer. Milton.

MOUNTAINEER
Moun`tain*eer", v. i.

Defn: To lie or act as a mountaineer; to climb mountains.
You can't go mountaineering in a flat country. H. James.

MOUNTAINER
Moun"tain*er, n.

Defn: A mountaineer. [Obs.]

MOUNTAINET
Moun"tain*et, n.

Defn: A small mountain. [R.]

MOUNTAINOUS
Moun"tain*ous, a. Etym: [F. montagneux, L. montaniosus.]

1. Full of, or containing, mountains; as, the mountainous country of
the Swiss.

2. Inhabiting mountains. [Obs.] Bacon.

3. Large as, or resembling, a mountain; huge; of great bulk; as, a
mountainous heap. Prior.

MOUNTAINOUSNESS
Moun"tain*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being mountainous.

MOUNTAIN SPECTER
Moun"tain spec"ter.

Defn: An optical phenomenon sometimes seen on the summit of mountains
(as on the Brocken) when the observer is between the sun and a mass
of cloud. The figures of the observer and surrounding objects are
seen projected on the cloud, greatly enlarged and often encircled by
rainbow colors.

MOUNTAIN STATE
Moun"tain State.

Defn: Montana; -- a nickname.

MOUNTANCE
Mount"ance, n. Etym: [OF. montance.]

Defn: Amount; sum; quantity; extent. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MOUNTANT
Mount"ant, a. Etym: [F. montant, p.pr. of monter. See Mount, and cf.
Montant.]

Defn: Raised; high. [Obs.]

MOUNTEBANK
Mount"e*bank, n. Etym: [It. montimbanco, montambanco; montare to
mount + in in, upon + banco bench. See Mount, and 4th Bank.]

1. One who mounts a bench or stage in the market or other public
place, boasts of his skill in curing diseases, and vends medicines
which he pretends are infalliable remedies; a quack doctor.
Such is the weakness and easy credulity of men, that a mountebank ...
is preferred before an able physician. Whitlock.

2. Any boastful or false pretender; a charlatan; a quack.
Nothing so impossible in nature but mountebanks will undertake.
Arbuthnot.

MOUNTEBANK
Mount"e*bank, v. t.

Defn: To cheat by boasting and false pretenses; to gull. [R.] Shak.

MOUNTEBANK
Mount"e*bank, v. i.

Defn: To play the mountebank.

MOUNTEBANKERY
Mount"e*bank`er*y, n.

Defn: The practices of a mountebank; quackery; boastful and vain
pretenses.

MOUNTEBANKISH
Mount"e*bank`ish, a.

Defn: Like a mountebank or his quackery. Howell.

MOUNTEBANKISM
Mount"e*bank*ism, n.

Defn: The practices of a mountebank; mountebankery.

MOUNTED
Mount"ed, a.

1. Seated or serving on horseback or similarly; as, mounted police;
mounted infantry.

2. Placed on a suitable support, or fixed in a setting; as, a mounted
gun; a mounted map; a mounted gem.

MOUNTENAUNCE
Mount"e*naunce, n.

Defn: Mountance. [Obs.]

MOUNTER
Mount"er, n.

1. One who mounts.

2. An animal mounted; a monture. [Obs.]

MOUNTING
Mount"ing, n.

1. The act of one that mounts.

2. That by which anything is prepared for use, or set off to
advantage; equipment; embellishment; setting; as, the mounting of a
sword or diamond.

MOUNTINGLY
Mount"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ascending manner.

MOUNTLET
Mount"let, n.

Defn: A small or low mountain. [R.]

MOUNTY
Mount"y, n. Etym: [F. montée, fr. monter. See Mount, v.]

Defn: The rise of a hawk after prey. Sir P. Sidney.

MOURN
Mourn, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Mourned; p. pr. & vb. n. Mourning.] Etym:
[AS. murnan; akin to OS. mornian, OHG. mornen, Goth. maúrnan.]

1. To express or to feel grief or sorrow; to grieve; to be sorrowful;
to lament; to be in a state of grief or sadness.
Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her. Gen. xxiii. 2.

2. To wear the customary garb of a mourner.
We mourn in black; why mourn we not in blood Shak.
Grieve for an hour, perhaps, then mourn a year. Pope.

MOURN
Mourn, v. t.

1. To grieve for; to lament; to deplore; to bemoan; to bewail.
As if he mourned his rival's ill success. Addison.
And looking over the hills, I mourn The darling who shall not return.
Emerson.

2. To utter in a mournful manner or voice.
The lovelorn nightingale Nightly to thee her sad song mourneth well.
Milton.

Syn.
 -- See Deplore.

MOURNE
Mourne, n. Etym: [See 2d Morne.]

Defn: The armed or feruled end of a staff; in a sheephook, the end of
the staff to which the hook is attached. Sir P. Sidney.

MOURNER
Mourn"er, n.

1. One who mourns or is grieved at any misfortune, as the death of a
friend.
His mourners were two hosts, his friends and foes. Byron.

2. One who attends a funeral as a hired mourner.
Mourners were provided to attend the funeral. L'Estrange.

MOURNFUL
Mourn"ful, a.

Defn: Full of sorrow; expressing, or intended to express, sorrow;
mourning; grieving; sad; also, causing sorrow; saddening; grievous;
as, a mournful person; mournful looks, tones, loss.
 -- Mourn"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Mourn"ful*ness, n.

Syn.
 -- Sorrowful; lugubrious; sad; doleful; heavy; afflictive; grievous;
calamitous.

MOURNING
Mourn"ing, n. Etym: [AS. murnung.]

1. The act of sorrowing or expressing grief; lamentation; sorrow.

2. Garb, drapery, or emblems indicative of grief, esp. clothing or a
badge of somber black.
The houses to their tops with black were spread, And ev'n the
pavements were with mourning hid. Dryden.
Deep mourning. See under Deep.

MOURNING
Mourn"ing, a.

1. Grieving; sorrowing; lamenting.

2. Employed to express sorrow or grief; worn or used as appropriate
to the condition of one bereaved or sorrowing; as, mourning garments;
a mourning ring; a mourning pin, and the like. Mourning bride (Bot.),
a garden flower (Scabiosa atropurpurea) with dark purple or crimson
flowers in flattened heads.
 -- Mourning dove (Zoöl.), a wild dove (Zenaidura macroura) found
throughout the United States; -- so named from its plaintive note.
Called also Carolina dove. See Illust. under Dove.
 -- Mourning warbler (Zoöl.), an American ground warbler (Geothlypis
Philadelphia). The male has the head, neck, and chest, deep ash-gray,
mixed with black on the throat and chest; other lower parts are pure
yellow.

MOURNINGLY
Mourn"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a mourning manner.

MOURNIVAL
Mour"ni*val, n.

Defn: See Murnival.

MOUSE
Mouse (mous), n.; pl. Mice (mis). Etym: [OE. mous, mus, AS. mus, pl.
mys; akin to D. muis, G. maus, OHG. & Icel. mus, Dan. muus, Sw. mus,
Russ. muishe, L. mus, Gr. my^s, Skr. mush mouse, mush to steal. *277.
Cf. Muscle, Musk.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small rodents belonging to the
genus Mus and various related genera of the family Muridæ. The common
house mouse (Mus musculus) is found in nearly all countries. The
American white-footed, or deer, mouse (Hesperomys leucopus) sometimes
lives in houses. See Dormouse, Meadow mouse, under Meadow, and
Harvest mouse, under Harvest.

2. (Naut.)
(a) A knob made on a rope with spun yarn or parceling to prevent a
running eye from slipping.
(b) Same as 2d Mousing, 2.

3. A familiar term of endearment. Shak.

4. A dark-colored swelling caused by a blow. [Slang]

5. A match used in firing guns or blasting. Field mouse, Flying
mouse, etc. See under Field, Flying, etc.
 -- Mouse bird (Zoöl.), a coly.
 -- Mouse deer (Zoöl.), a chevrotain, as the kanchil.
 -- Mouse galago (Zoöl.), a very small West American galago (Galago
murinus). In color and size it resembles a mouse. It has a bushy tail
like that of a squirrel.
 -- Mouse hawk. (Zoöl.) (a) A hawk that devours mice. (b) The hawk
owl; -- called also mouse owl.
 -- Mouse lemur (Zoöl.), any one of several species of very small
lemurs of the genus Chirogaleus, found in Madagascar.
 -- Mouse piece (Cookery), the piece of beef cut from the part next
below the round or from the lower part of the latter; -- called also
mouse buttock.

MOUSE
Mouse, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Moused; p. pr. & vb. n. Mousing.]

1. To watch for and catch mice.

2. To watch for or pursue anything in a sly manner; to pry about, on
the lookout for something.

MOUSE
Mouse, v. t.

1. To tear, as a cat devours a mouse. [Obs.] "[Death] mousing the
flesh of men." Shak.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To furnish with a mouse; to secure by means of a mousing. See
Mouse, n., 2.

MOUSE-EAR
Mouse"-ear`, n. (Bot.)
(a) The forget-me-not (Myosotis palustris) and other species of the
same genus.
(b) A European species of hawkweed (Hieracium Pilosella). Mouse-ear
chickweed, a name of two common species of chickweed (Cerastium
vulgarium, and C. viscosum).
 -- Mouse-ear cress, a low cruciferous herb (Sisymbrium Thaliana).
All these are low herbs with soft, oval, or obovate leaves, whence
the name.

MOUSEFISH
Mouse"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Frogfish.

MOUSEHOLE
Mouse"hole`, n.

Defn: A hole made by a mouse, for passage or abode, as in a wall;
hence, a very small hole like that gnawed by a mouse.

MOUSEKIN
Mouse"kin, n.

Defn: A little mouse. Thackeray.

MOUSER
Mous"er, n.

1. A cat that catches mice.

2. One who pries about on the lookout for something.

MOUSETAIL
Mouse"tail`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of ranunculaceous plants (Myosurus), in which the
prolonged receptacle is covered with imbricating achenes, and so
resembles the tail of a mouse.

MOUSIE
Mous"ie, n.

Defn: Diminutive for Mouse. Burns.

MOUSING
Mous"ing, a.

Defn: Impertinently inquisitive; prying; meddlesome. "Mousing
saints." L'Estrange.

MOUSING
Mous"ing, n.

1. The act of hunting mice.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A turn or lashing of spun yarn or small stuff, or a metallic
clasp or fastening, uniting the point and shank of a hook to prevent
its unhooking or straighening out.

3. A ratchet movement in a loom. Mousing hook, a hook with an
attachment which prevents its unhooking.

MOUSLE
Mou"sle, v. t.

Defn: To sport with roughly; to rumple. [Written also mouzle.] [Obs.]
Wycherley.

MOUSQUETAIRE
Mous`que*taire", n. [F.]

1. A musketeer, esp. one of the French royal musketeers of the 17th
and 18th centuries, conspicuous both for their daring and their fine
dress.

2.  A mosquetaire cuff or glove, or other article of dress fancied to
resemble those worn by the French mosquetaires.

MOUSQUETAIRE CUFF
Mousquetaire cuff.

Defn: A deep flaring cuff.

MOUSQUETAIRE GLOVE
Mousquetaire glove.

Defn: A woman's glove with a long, loosely fitting wrist.

MOUSSE
Mousse (moos), n. [F.] (Cookery)

Defn: A frozen dessert of a frothy texture, made of sweetened and
flavored whipped cream, sometimes with the addition of egg yolks and
gelatin. Mousse differs from ice cream in being beaten before -- not
during -- the freezing process.

MOUSSELINE
Mousse`line", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Muslin. Mousseline de laine (. Etym: [F., muslin of wool.]
Muslin delaine. See under Muslin.
 -- Mousseline glass, a kind of thin blown glassware, such as
wineglasses, etc.

MOUSSELINE DE SOIE
Mousse`line de soie". [F.]

Defn: A soft thin silk fabric with a weave like that of muslin.

MOUSTACHE
Mous`tache", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Mustache.

MOUSY
Mous"y, a.

Defn: Infested with mice; smelling of mice.

MOUTAN
Mou"tan, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The Chinese tree peony (Pæonia Mountan), a shrub with large
flowers of various colors.

MOUTH
Mouth, n.; pl. Mouths. Etym: [OE. mouth, mu, AS. m; akin to D. mond,
OS. m, G. mund, Icel. mu, munnr, Sw. mun, Dan. mund, Goth. mun, and
possibly L. mentum chin; or cf. D. muil mouth, muzzle, G. maul, OHG.
m, Icel. m, and Skr. mukha mouth.]

1. The opening through which an animal receives food; the aperture
between the jaws or between the lips; also, the cavity, containing
the tongue and teeth, between the lips and the pharynx; the buccal
cavity.

2. Hence:

Defn: An opening affording entrance or exit; orifice; aperture; as:
(a) The opening of a vessel by which it is filled or emptied, charged
or discharged; as, the mouth of a jar or pitcher; the mouth of the
lacteal vessels, etc.
(b) The opening or entrance of any cavity, as a cave, pit, well, or
den.
(c) The opening of a piece of ordnance, through which it is
discharged.
(d) The opening through which the waters of a river or any stream are
discharged.
(e) The entrance into a harbor.

3. (Saddlery)

Defn: The crosspiece of a bridle bit, which enters the mouth of an
animal.

4. A principal speaker; one who utters the common opinion; a
mouthpiece.
Every coffeehouse has some particular statesman belonging to it, who
is the mouth of the street where he lives. Addison.

5. Cry; voice. [Obs.] Dryden.

6. Speech; language; testimony.
That in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be
established. Matt. xviii. 16.

7. A wry face; a grimace; a mow.
Counterfeit sad looks, Make mouths upon me when I turn my back. Shak.
Down in the mouth, chapfallen; of dejected countenance; depressed;
discouraged. [Obs. or Colloq.] -- Mouth friend, one who professes
friendship insincerely. Shak.
 -- Mouth glass, a small mirror for inspecting the mouth or teeth.
 -- Mouth honor, honor given in words, but not felt. Shak.
 -- Mouth organ. (Mus.) (a) Pan's pipes. See Pandean. (b) An
harmonicon.
 -- Mouth pipe, an organ pipe with a lip or plate to cut the escaping
air and make a sound.
 -- To stop the mouth, to silence or be silent; to put to shame; to
confound.
The mouth of them that speak lies shall be stopped. Ps. lxiii. 11.
Whose mouths must be stopped. Titus i. 11.

MOUTH
Mouth, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mouthed; p. pr. & vb. n. Mouthing.]

1. To take into the mouth; to seize or grind with the mouth or teeth;
to chew; to devour. Dryden.

2. To utter with a voice affectedly big or swelling; to speak in a
strained or unnaturally sonorous manner. "Mouthing big phrases."
Hare.
Mouthing out his hollow oes and aes. Tennyson.

3. To form or cleanse with the mouth; to lick, as a bear her cub. Sir
T. Browne.

4. To make mouths at. [R.] R. Blair.

MOUTH
Mouth, v. i.

1. To speak with a full, round, or loud, affected voice; to
vociferate; to rant.
I'll bellow out for Rome, and for my country, And mouth at Cæsar,
till I shake the senate. Addison.

2. To put mouth to mouth; to kiss. [R.] Shak.

3. To make grimaces, esp. in ridicule or contempt.
Well I know, when I am gone, How she mouths behind my back. Tennyson.

MOUTHED
Mouthed, a.

1. Furnished with a mouth.

2. Having a mouth of a particular kind; using the mouth, speech, or
voice in a particular way; -- used only in composition; as, wide-
mouthed; hard-mouthed; foul-mouthed; mealy-mouthed.

MOUTHER
Mouth"er, n.

Defn: One who mouths; an affected speaker.

MOUTH-FOOTED
Mouth"-foot`ed, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the basal joints of the legs converted into jaws.

MOUTHFUL
Mouth"ful, n.; pl. Mouthfuls (.

1. As much as is usually put into the mouth at one time.

2. Hence, a small quantity.

MOUTHLESS
Mouth"less, a. Etym: [AS. muedhleás.]

Defn: Destitute of a mouth.

MOUTH-MADE
Mouth"-made`, a.

Defn: Spoken without sincerity; not heartfelt. "Mouth-made vows."
Shak.

MOUTHPIECE
Mouth"piece`, n.

1. The part of a musical or other instrument to which the mouth is
applied in using it; as, the mouthpiece of a bugle, or of a tobacco
pipe.

2. An appendage to an inlet or outlet opening of a pipe or vessel, to
direct or facilitate the inflow or outflow of a fluid.

3. One who delivers the opinion of others or of another; a spokesman;
as, the mouthpiece of his party.
Egmont was imprudent enough to make himself the mouthpiece of their
remonstrance. Motley.

MOVABILITY
Mov`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Movableness.

MOVABLE
Mov"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. movable. See Move.]

1. Capable of being moved, lifted, carried, drawn, turned, or
conveyed, or in any way made to change place or posture; susceptible
of motion; not fixed or stationary; as, a movable steam engine.

2. Changing from one time to another; as, movable feasts, i. e.,
church festivals, the date of which varies from year to year. Movable
letter (Heb. Gram.), a letter that is pronounced, as opposed to one
that is quiescent.

MOVABLE
Mov"a*ble, n.; pl. Movables (.

1. An article of wares or goods; a commodity; a piece of property not
fixed, or not a part of real estate; generally, in the plural, goods;
wares; furniture.
Furnished with the most rich and princely movables. Evelyn.

2. (Rom. Law)

Defn: Property not attached to the soil.

Note: The word is not convertible with personal property, since rents
and similar incidents of the soil which are personal property by our
law are immovables by the Roman law. Wharton.

MOVABLENESS
Mov"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being movable; mobility; susceptibility
of motion.

MOVABLY
Mov"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a movable manner or condition.

MOVE
Move, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Moved; p. pr. & vb. n. Moving.] Etym: [OE.
moven, OF. moveir, F. mouvoir, L. movere; cf. Gr. miv, p.p. muta, to
move, push. Cf. Emotion, Mew to molt, Mob, Mutable, Mutiny.]

1. To cause to change place or posture in any manner; to set in
motion; to carry, convey, draw, or push from one place to another; to
impel; to stir; as, the wind moves a vessel; the horse moves a
carriage.

2. (Chess, Checkers, etc.)

Defn: To transfer (a piece or man) from one space or position to
another, according to the rules of the game; as, to move a king.

3. To excite to action by the presentation of motives; to rouse by
representation, persuasion, or appeal; to influence.
Minds desirous of revenge were not moved with gold. Knolles.
No female arts his mind could move. Dryden.

4. To arouse the feelings or passions of; especially, to excite to
tenderness or compassion; to touch pathetically; to excite, as an
emotion. Shak.
When he saw the multitudes, he was moved with compassion on them.
Matt. ix. 36.
[The use of images] in orations and poetry is to move pity or terror.
Felton.

5. To propose; to recommend; specifically, to propose formally for
consideration and determination, in a deliberative assembly; to
submit, as a resolution to be adopted; as, to move to adjourn.
Let me but move one question to your daughter. Shak.
They are to be blamed alike who move and who decline war upon
particular respects. Hayward.

6. To apply to, as for aid. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- To stir; agitate; trouble; affect; persuade; influence; actuate;
impel; rouse; prompt; instigate; incite; induce; incline; propose;
offer.

MOVE
Move, v. i.

1. To change place or posture; to stir; to go, in any manner, from
one place or position to another; as, a ship moves rapidly.
The foundations also of the hills moved and were shaken, because he
was wroth. Ps. xviii. 7.
On the green bank I sat and listened long, ... Nor till her lay was
ended could I move. Dryden.

2. To act; to take action; to stir; to begin to act; as, to move in a
matter.

3. To change residence; to remove, as from one house, town, or state,
to another.

4. (Chess, Checkers, etc.)

Defn: To change the place of a piece in accordance with the rules of
the game.

MOVE
Move, n.

1. The act of moving; a movement.

2. (Chess, Checkers, etc.)

Defn: The act of moving one of the pieces, from one position to
another, in the progress of the game.

3. An act for the attainment of an object; a step in the execution of
a plan or purpose. To make a move. (a) To take some action. (b) To
move a piece, as in a game.
 -- To be on the move, to bustle or stir about. [Colloq.]

MOVELESS
Move`less, a.

Defn: Motionless; fixed. "Moveless as a tower." Pope.

MOVEMENT
Move"ment, n. Etym: [F. mouvement. See Move, and cf. Moment.]

1. The act of moving; change of place or posture; transference, by
any means, from one situation to another; natural or appropriate
motion; progress; advancement; as, the movement of an army in
marching or maneuvering; the movement of a wheel or a machine; the
party of movement.

2. Motion of the mind or feelings; emotion.

3. Manner or style of moving; as, a slow, or quick, or sudden,
movement.

4. (Mus.)
(a) The rhythmical progression, pace, and tempo of a piece. "Any
change of time is a change of movement." Busby.
(b) One of the several strains or pieces, each complete in itself,
with its own time and rhythm, which make up a larger work; as, the
several movements of a suite or a symphony.

5. (Mech.)

Defn: A system of mechanism for transmitting motion of a definite
character, or for transforming motion; as, the wheelwork of a watch.
Febrille movement (Med.), an elevation of the body temperature; a
fever.
 -- Movement cure. (Med.) See Kinesiatrics.
 -- Movement of the bowels, an evacuation or stool; a passage or
discharge.

Syn.
 -- Motion.
 -- Movement, Motion. Motion expresses a general idea of not being at
rest; movement is oftener used to express a definite, regulated
motion, esp. a progress.

MOVENT
Mo"vent, a. Etym: [L. movens, p.pr. of movere. See Move.]

Defn: Moving. [R.] Grew.

MOVENT
Mo"vent, n.

Defn: That which moves anything. [R.]

MOVER
Mov"er, n.

1. A person or thing that moves, stirs, or changes place.

2. A person or thing that imparts motion, or causes change of place;
a motor.

3. One who, or that which, excites, instigates, or causes movement,
change, etc.; as, movers of sedition.
These most poisonous compounds, Which are the movers of a languishing
death. Shak.

4. A proposer; one who offers a proposition, or recommends anything
for consideration or adoption; as, the mover of a resolution in a
legislative body.

MOVIE
Mov"ie, n.

Defn: A moving picture or a moving picture show; -- commonly used in
pl. [Slang or Colloq.]

MOVING
Mov"ing, a.

1. Changing place or posture; causing motion or action; as, a moving
car, or power.

2. Exciting movement of the mind; adapted to move the sympathies,
passions, or affections; touching; pathetic; as, a moving appeal.
I sang an old moving story. Coleridge.
Moving force (Mech.), a force that accelerates, retards, or deflects
the motion of a body.
 -- Moving plant (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Desmodium gyrans); -- so
called because its leaflets have a distinct automatic motion.

MOVING
Mov"ing, n.

Defn: The act of changing place or posture; esp., the act of changing
one's dwelling place or place of business. Moving day, a day when one
moves; esp., a day when a large number of tenants change their
dwelling place.

MOVINGLY
Mov"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a moving manner. Addison.

MOVINGNESS
Mov"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The power of moving.

MOVING PICTURE
Moving picture.

Defn: A series of pictures, usually photographs taken with a special
machine, presented to the eye in very rapid succession, with some or
all of the objects in the picture represented in slightly changed
positions, producing, by persistence of vision, the optical effect of
a continuous picture in which the objects move in some manner, as
that of some original scene. The usual form of moving pictures is
that produced by the cinematograph.

MOW
Mow, n. [Written also moe and mowe.] Etym: [F. moue pouting, a wry
face; cf. OD. mouwe the protruded lip.]

Defn: A wry face. "Make mows at him." Shak.

MOW
Mow, v. i.

Defn: To make mouths.
Nodding, becking, and mowing. Tyndale.

MOW
Mow, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Mew, a gull.

MOW
Mow, v. [pres. sing. Mow, pl. Mowe, Mowen, Moun.] Etym: [AS. magan.
See May, v.]

Defn: May; can. "Thou mow now escapen." [Obs.] Chaucer.
Our walles mowe not make hem resistence. Chaucer.

MOW
Mow, v. t. [imp. Mowed; p. p. Mowed or Mown (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Mowing.] Etym: [OE. mowen, mawen, AS. mawan; akin to D. maaijen, G.
mähen, OHG. majan, Dan. meie, L. metere to reap, mow, Gr. Math, Mead
a meadow, Meadow.]

1. To cut down, as grass, with a scythe or machine.

2. To cut the grass from; as, to mow a meadow.

3. To cut down; to cause to fall in rows or masses, as in mowing
grass; -- with down; as, a discharge of grapeshot mows down whole
ranks of men.

MOW
Mow, v. i.

Defn: To cut grass, etc., with a scythe, or with a machine; to cut
grass for hay.

MOW
Mow, n. Etym: [OE. mowe, AS. m.]

1. A heap or mass of hay or of sheaves of grain stowed in a barn.

2. The place in a barn where hay or grain in the sheaf is stowed.

MOW
Mow, v. t.

Defn: To lay, as hay or sheaves of grain, in a heap or mass in a
barn; to pile and stow away.

MOWBURN
Mow"burn`, v. i.

Defn: To heat and ferment in the mow, as hay when housed too green.

MOWE
Mowe, v.

Defn: See 4th Mow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MOWE
Mowe, n. & v.

Defn: See 1st & 2d Mow. [Obs.]

MOWER
Mow"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, mows; a mowing machine; as, a lawn
mower.

MOWING
Mow"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or the operation of that which, mows.

2. Land from which grass is cut; meadow land. Mowing machine, an
agricultural machine armed with knives or blades for cutting standing
grass, etc. It is drawn by a horse or horses, or propelled by steam.

MOWN
Mown, p. p. & a.

Defn: Cut down by mowing, as grass; deprived of grass by mowing; as,
a mown field.

MOWYER
Mow"yer, n.

Defn: A mower. [Obs.]

MOXA
Mox"a, n. Etym: [A corruption of Japan. mogusa (pronounced mongsa),
an escharotic made from the plant yomigi: cf. F. moxa.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A soft woolly mass prepared from the young leaves of Artemisia
Chinensis, and used as a cautery by burning it on the skin; hence,
any substance used in a like manner, as cotton impregnated with
niter, amadou.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant from which this substance is obtained, esp. Artemisia
Chinensis, and A. moxa.

MOXIE
Mox"ie, n. Etym: [fr. Moxie, a trade name for a beverage.]

1. energy; pep.

2. courage, determination.

3. Know-how, expertise. MW10.

MOYA
Moy"a, n.

Defn: Mud poured out from volcanoes during eruptions; -- so called in
South America.

MOYLE
Moyle, n. & v.

Defn: See Moil, and Moile.

MOZARAB; MOZARABIC
Moz"a*rab, Moz`a*rab"ic.

Defn: Same as Muzarab, Muzarabic.

MOZETTA; MOZZETTA
Mo*zet"ta, Moz*zet"ta, n. Etym: [It. mozzetta: cf. F. mosette. Cf.
Amice a hood or cape.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A cape, with a small hood; -- worn by the pope and other
dignitaries of the Roman Catholic Church.

MR.
Mr.. (.

Defn: The customary abbreviation of Mister in writing and printing.
See Master, 4.

MRS.
Mrs. (.

Defn: The customary abbreviation of Mistress when used as a title of
courtesy, in writing and printing.

MUCAMIDE
Mu*cam"ide, n. Etym: [Mucic + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: The acid amide of mucic acid, obtained as a white crystalline
substance.

MUCATE
Mu"cate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of mucic acid.

MUCE
Muce, n.

Defn: See Muse, and Muset.

MUCEDIN
Mu*ce"din, n. Etym: [From Mucus.] (Bot. Chem.)

Defn: A yellowish white, amorphous, nitrogenous substance found in
wheat, rye, etc., and resembling gluten; -- formerly called also
mucin.

MUCH
Much, a. [Compar. & superl. wanting, but supplied by More, and Most
(, from another root.] Etym: [OE. moche, muche, miche, prob. the same
as mochel, muchel, michel, mikel, fr. AS. micel, mycel; cf. Gr. mjök,
adv., much. *103. See Mickle.]

1. Great in quantity; long in duration; as, much rain has fallen;
much time.
Thou shalt carry much seed out into the field, and shalt gather but
little in. Deut. xxviii. 38.

2. Many in number. [Archaic]
Edom came out against him with much people. Num. xx. 20.

3. High in rank or position. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MUCH
Much, n.

1. A great quantity; a great deal; also, an indefinite quantity; as,
you have as much as I.
He that gathered much had nothing over. Ex. xvi. 18.

Note: Muchin this sense can be regarded as an adjective qualifying a
word unexpressed, and may, therefore, be modified by as, so, too,
very.

2. A thing uncommon, wonderful, or noticeable; something
considerable.
And [he] thought not much to clothe his enemies. Milton.
To make much of, to treat as something of especial value or worth.

MUCH
Much, adv. Etym: [Cf. Icel. mjök. See Much, a.]

Defn: To a great degree or extent; greatly; abundantly; far; nearly.
"Much suffering heroes." Pope.
Thou art much mightier than we. Gen. xxvi. 16.
Excellent speech becometh not a fool, much less do lying lips a
prince. Prov. xvii. 7.
Henceforth I fly not death, nor would prolong Life much. Milton.
All left the world much as they found it. Sir W. Temple.

MUCHEL
Much"el, a. Etym: [*103. See Mickle.]

Defn: Much. [Obs.]

MUCHNESS
Much"ness, n.

Defn: Greatness; extent. [Obs. or Colloq.]
The quantity and muchness of time which it filcheth. W. Whately.
Much of a muchness, much the same. [Colloq.] "Men's men; gentle or
simple, they 're much of muchness." G. Eliot.

MUCHWHAT
Much"what`, adv.

Defn: Nearly; almost; much. [Obs.] "Muchwhat after the same manner."
Glanvill.

MUCIC
Mu"cic, a. Etym: [L. mucus mucus: cf. F. mucique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, gums and micilaginous
substances; specif., denoting an acid obtained by the oxidation of
gums, dulcite, etc., as a white crystalline substance isomeric with
saccharic acid.

MUCID
Mu"cid, a. Etym: [L. mucidus, fr. L. mucus mucus. See Mucus, and cf.
Moist.]

Defn: Musty; moldy; slimy; mucous.
 -- Mu"cid*ness, n.

MUCIFIC
Mu*cif"ic, a. Etym: [Mucus + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Inducing or stimulating the secretion of mucus; blennogenous.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Secreting mucus.

MUCIFORM
Mu"ci*form, a. Etym: [Mucus + -form.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Resembling mucus; having the character or appearance of mucus.

MUCIGEN
Mu"ci*gen, n. Etym: [Mucin + -gen.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A substance which is formed in mucous epithelial cells, and
gives rise to mucin.

MUCIGENOUS
Mu*cig"e*nous, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Connected with the formation of mucin; resembling mucin.
The mucigenous basis is manufactured at the expense of the ordinary
protoplasm of the cell. Foster.

MUCILAGE
Mu"ci*lage, n. Etym: [F., from L. mucilago a musty juice, fr. mucus
mucus, slime. See Mucus.]

1. (Bot. Chem.)

Defn: A gummy or gelatinous substance produced in certain plants by
the action of water on the cell wall, as in the seeds of quinces, of
flax, etc.

2. An aqueous solution of gum, or of substances allied to it; as,
medicinal mucilage; mucilage for fastening envelopes.

MUCILAGINOUS
Mu`ci*lag"i*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. mucilagineux. See Mucilage.]

1. Partaking of the nature of, or resembling, mucilage; moist, soft,
and viscid; slimy; ropy; as, a mucilaginous liquid.

2. Of, pertaining to, or secreting, mucilage; as, the mucilaginous
glands.

3. Soluble in water, but not in alcohol; yielding mucilage; as,
mucilaginous gums or plants.
 -- Mu`ci*lag"i*nous*ness, n.

MUCIN
Mu"cin, n. Etym: [From Mucus.]

1. (Bot. Chem.)

Defn: See Mucedin. [Obs.]

2. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An albuminoid substance which is contained in mucus, and gives
to the latter secretion its peculiar ropy character. It is found in
all the secretions from mucous glands, and also between the fibers of
connective tissue, as in tendons. See Illust. of Demilune.

MUCINOGEN
Mu*cin"o*gen, n. Etym: [Mucin + -gen.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Mucigen.

MUCIPAROUS
Mu*cip"a*rous, a. Etym: [Mucus + L. parere to produce.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Secreting, or producing, mucus or mucin.

MUCIVORE
Mu"ci*vore, n. Etym: [L. mucus slime, mucus + vorare to devour.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An unsect which feeds on mucus, or the sap of plants, as
certain Diptera, of the tribe Mucivora.

MUCK
Muck

Defn: , abbreviation of Amuck. To run a muck. See Amuck.

MUCK
Muck, n. Etym: [Icel. myki; akin to D. mög. Cf. Midden.]

1. Dung in a moist state; manure. Bacon.

2. Vegetable mold mixed with earth, as found in low, damp places and
swamps.

3. Anything filthy or vile. Spenser.

4. Money; -- in contempt.
The fatal muck we quarreled for. Beau. & Fl.
Muck bar, bar iron which has been through the rolls only once.
 -- Muck iron, crude puddled iron ready for the squeezer or rollers.
Knight.

MUCK
Muck, a.

Defn: Like muck; mucky; also, used in collecting or distributing
muck; as, a muck fork.

MUCK
Muck, v. t.

Defn: To manure with muck.

MUCKENDER
Muck"en*der, n. Etym: [Sp. mocador. Cf. Mokadour.]

Defn: A handkerchief. [Obs.] [Written also muckinder, muckiter,
mockadour.]

MUCKER
Muck"er, n.

Defn: A term of reproach for a low or vulgar labor person. [Slang]

MUCKER
Muck"er, v. t.

Defn: To scrape together, as money, by mean labor or shifts. [Obs.]
Udall.

MUCKERER
Muck"er*er, n.

Defn: A miser; a niggard. [Obs.]

MUCKINESS
Muck"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being mucky.

MUCKLE
Muc"kle, a. Etym: [See Mickle.]

Defn: Much. [Obs.]

MUCKMIDDEN
Muck"mid`den, n.

Defn: A dunghill. [Scot.]

MUCK RAKE
Muck rake.

Defn: A rake for scraping up muck or dung. See Muckrake, v. i.,
below.

MUCK-RAKE; MUCKRAKE; MUCKRAKER
Muck"rake`, v. i.  [imp. & p. p. -raked; p. pr. & vb. n. -raking.]

Defn: To seek for, expose, or charge, esp. habitually, corruption,
real or alleged, on the part of public men and corporations. On April
14, 1906, President Roosevelt delivered a speech on "The Man with the
Muck Rake," in which he deprecated sweeping and unjust charges of
corruption against public men and corporations. The phrase was taken
up by the press, and the verb to muck"rake`, in the above sense, and
the noun muck"rak`er, to designate one so engaged, were speedily
coined and obtained wide currency. The original allusion was to a
character in Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress" so intent on raking up
muck that he could not see a celestial crown held above him.

MUCKSY
Muck"sy, a.

Defn: Somewhat mucky; soft, sticky, and dirty; muxy. [Prov. Eng.] R.
D. Blackmore.

MUCKWORM
Muck"worm`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A larva or grub that lives in muck or manure; -- applied to the
larvæ of the tumbledung and allied beetles.

2. One who scrapes together money by mean labor and devices; a miser.
"Misers are muckworms." Pope.

MUCKY
Muck"y, a.

1. Filthy with muck; miry; as, a mucky road. "Mucky filth." Spenser.

2. Vile, in a moral sense; sordid. [Obs.] Spenser.
Mucky money and false felicity. Latimer.

MUCOCELE
Mu"co*cele, n. Etym: [Mucus + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An enlargement or protrusion of the mucous membrane of the
lachrymal passages, or dropsy of the lachrymal sac, dependent upon
catarrhal inflammation of the latter. Dunglison.

MUCOID
Mu"coid, a. Etym: [Mucus + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling mucus. Dunglison. Mucoid degeneration, a form of
degeneration in which the tissues are transformed into a semisolid
substance resembling mucus. Quain.

MUCONATE
Mu"co*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of muconic acid.

MUCONIC
Mu*con"ic, a. Etym: [Mucic + itaconic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid, obtained
indirectly from mucic acid, and somewhat resembling itaconic acid.

MUCOPURULENT
Mu`co*pu"ru*lent, a. Etym: [Mucus + purulent.] (Med.)

Defn: Having the character or appearance of both mucus and pus.
Dunglison.

MUCOR
Mu"cor, n. Etym: [L., fr. mucere to be moldy or musty.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of minute fungi. The plants consist of slender threads
with terminal globular sporangia; mold.

MUCOSITY
Mu*cos"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being mucous or slimy; mucousness.

MUCOUS
Mu"cous, a. Etym: [L. mucosus, fr. mucus mucus.]

1. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, mucus; slimy, ropy, or stringy,
and lubricous; as, a mucous substance.

2. Secreting a slimy or mucigenous substance; as, the mucous
membrane. Mucous membrane. (Anat.) See under Membrane.
 -- Mucous patches (Med.), elevated patches found in the mucous
membranes of the mouth and anus, usually due to syphilis.
 -- Mucous tissue (Anat.), a form of connective tissue in an early
stage of development, found in the umbilical cord and in the embryo,
and also in certain tumors called myxomata.

MUCOUSNESS
Mu"cous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being mucous; sliminess.

MUCRO
Mu"cro, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: A minute abrupt point, as of a leaf; any small, sharp point or
process, terminating a larger part or organ.

MUCRONATE; MUCRONATED
Mu"cro*nate, Mu"cro*na`ted, a. Etym: [L. mucronatus, fr. mucro a
sharp point: cf. F. mucroné.]

Defn: Ending abruptly in a sharp point; abruptly tipped with a short
and sharp point; as, a mucronate leaf.
 -- Mu"cro*nate*ly, adv.

MUCRONULATE
Mu*cron"u*late, a.

Defn: Having, or tipped with, a small point or points.

MUCULENT
Mu"cu*lent, a. Etym: [L. muculentus, fr. mucus.]

Defn: Slimy; moist, and moderately viscous.

MUCUS
Mu"cus, n. Etym: [L. mucus, muccus; cf. mucere 8be moldy or musty,
Gr. muc to release. Cf. Match for striking fire, Moist, Mucilage.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: A viscid fluid secreted by mucous membranes, which it serves to
moisten and protect. It covers the lining membranes of all the
cavities which open externally, such as those of the mouth, nose,
lungs, intestinal canal, urinary passages, etc.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Any other animal fluid of a viscid quality, as the synovial
fluid, which lubricates the cavities of the joints; -- improperly so
used.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A gelatinous or slimy substance found in certain algæ and other
plants.

MUCUSIN
Mu"cus*in, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Mucin. [R.]

MUD
Mud, n. Etym: [Akin to LG. mudde, D. modder, G. moder mold, OSw. modd
mud, Sw. modder mother, Dan. mudder mud. Cf. Mother a scum on
liquors.]

Defn: Earth and water mixed so as to be soft and adhesive. Mud bass
(Zoöl.), a fresh-water fish (Acantharchum pomotis) of the Eastern
United States. It produces a deep grunting note.
 -- Mud bath, an immersion of the body, or some part of it, in mud
charged with medicinal agents, as a remedy for disease.
 -- Mud boat, a large flatboat used in deredging.
 -- Mud cat. See Catfish.
 -- Mud crab (Zoöl.), any one of several American marine crabs of the
genus Panopeus.
 -- Mud dab (Zoöl.), the winter flounder. See Flounder, and Dab.
 -- Mud dauber (Zoöl.), a mud wasp.
 -- Mud devil (Zoöl.), the fellbender.
 -- Mud drum (Steam Boilers), a drum beneath a boiler, into which
sediment and mud in the water can settle for removal.
 -- Mud eel (Zoöl.), a long, slender, aquatic amphibian (Siren
lacertina), found in the Southern United States. It has persistent
external gills and only the anterior pair of legs. See Siren.
 -- Mud frog (Zoöl.), a European frog (Pelobates fuscus).
 -- Mud hen. (Zoöl.) (a) The American coot (Fulica Americana). (b)
The clapper rail.
 -- Mud lark, a person who cleans sewers, or delves in mud. [Slang] -
- Mud minnow (Zoöl.), any small American fresh-water fish of the
genus Umbra, as U. limi. The genus is allied to the pickerels.
 -- Mud plug, a plug for stopping the mudhole of a boiler.
 -- Mud puppy (Zoöl.), the menobranchus.
 -- Mud scow, a heavy scow, used in dredging; a mud boat. [U.S.] --
Mud turtle, Mud tortoise (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of
fresh-water tortoises of the United States.
 -- Mud wasp (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of hymenopterous
insects belonging to Pepæus, and allied genera, which construct
groups of mud cells, attached, side by side, to stones or to the
woodwork of buildings, etc. The female places an egg in each cell,
together with spiders or other insects, paralyzed by a sting, to
serve as food for the larva. Called also mud dauber.

MUD
Mud, v. t.

1. To bury in mud. [R.] Shak.

2. To make muddy or turbid. Shak.

MUDAR
Mu"dar, n. Etym: [Hind. madar.] (Bot.)

Defn: Either one of two asclepiadaceous shrubs (Calotropis gigantea,
and C. procera), which furnish a strong and valuable fiber. The acrid
milky juice is used medicinally.

MUDARIN
Mu"da*rin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A brown, amorphous, bitter substance having a strong emetic
action, extracted from the root of the mudar.

MUDDILY
Mud"di*ly

Defn: , In a muddy manner; turbidly; without mixture; cloudily;
obscurely; confusedly.

MUDDINESS
Mud"di*ness, n.

1. The condition or quality of being muddy; turbidness; foulness
casued by mud, dirt, or sediment; as, the muddiness of a stream.

2. Obscurity or confusion, as in treatment of a subject; intellectual
dullness.

MUDDLE
Mud"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Muddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Muddling.]
Etym: [From Mud.]

1. To make turbid, or muddy, as water. [Obs.]
He did ill to muddle the water. L'Estrange.

2. To cloud or stupefy; to render stupid with liquor; to intoxicate
partially.
Epicurus seems to have had brains so muddled and confounded, that he
scarce ever kept in the right way. Bentley.
Often drunk, always muddled. Arbuthnot.

3. To waste or misuse, as one does who is stupid or intoxicated. [R.]
They muddle it [money] away without method or object, and without
having anything to show for it. Hazlitt.

4. To mix confusedly; to confuse; to make a mess of; as, to muddle
matters; also, to perplex; to mystify. F. W. Newman.

MUDDLE
Mud"dle, v. i.

1. To dabble in mud. [Obs.] Swift.

2. To think and act in a confused, aimless way.

MUDDLE
Mud"dle, n.

Defn: A state of being turbid or confused; hence, intellectual
cloudiness or dullness.
We both grub on in a muddle. Dickens.

MUDDLEHEAD
Mud"dle*head`, n.

Defn: A stupid person. [Colloq.] C. Reade.
 -- Mud"dle-head`ed, a. [Colloq.] Dickens.

MUDDLER
Mud"dler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, muddles.

MUDDY
Mud"dy, a. [Compar. Muddier; superl. Muddiest.]

1. Abounding in mud; besmeared or dashed with mud; as, a muddy road
or path; muddy boots.

2. Turbid with mud; as, muddy water.

3. Consisting of mud or earth; gross; impure.
This muddy vesture of decay. Shak.

4. Confused, as if turbid with mud; cloudy in mind; dull; stupid;
also, immethodical; incoherent; vague.
Cold hearts and muddy understandings. Burke.
Dost think I am so muddy, so unsettled. Shak.

5. Not clear or bright. Swift.

MUDDY
Mud"dy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Muddied; p. pr. & vb. n. Muddying.]

1. To soil with mud; to dirty; to render turbid.

2. Fig.: To cloud; to make dull or heavy. Grew.

MUDDY-HEADED
Mud"dy-head`ed, a.

Defn: Dull; stupid.

MUDDY-METTLED
Mud"dy-met`tled, a.

Defn: Dull-spirited. Shak.

MUDFISH
Mud"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The European loach.
(b) The bowfin.
(c) The South American lipedosiren, and the allied African species
(Protopterus annectens). See Lipedosiren.
(d) The mud minnow.

MUDHOLE
Mud"hole`, n.

1. A hole, or hollow place, containing mud, as in a road.

2. (Steam Boilers)

Defn: A hole near the bottom, through which the sediment is
withdrawn.

MUDIR
Mu"dir, n.

Defn: Same as Moodir.

MUDSILL
Mud"sill`, n.

Defn: The lowest sill of a structure, usually embedded in the soil;
the lowest timber of a house; also, that sill or timber of a bridge
which is laid at the bottom of the water. See Sill.

MUDSUCKER
Mud"suck`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A woodcock.

MUDWALL
Mud"wall`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European bee-eater. See Bee-eater. [Written also modwall.]

MUDWORT
Mud"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small herbaceous plant growing on muddy shores (Limosella
aquatica).

MUE
Mue, v. i.

Defn: To mew; to molt. [Obs.] Quarles.

MUEZZIN
Mu*ez"zin, n. Etym: [Ar.]

Defn: A Mohammedan crier of the hour of prayer. [Written also
mouezzin, mueddin, and muwazzin.]

MUFF
Muff, n. Etym: [Cf. LG. muff, D. mof, G., Dan., & Sw. muff, F. moufle
mitten, LL. muffula, MHG. mouwe sleeve, D. mouw, and E. muffle, v.]

1. A soft cover of cylindrical form, usually of fur, worn by women to
shield the hands from cold.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A short hollow cylinder surrounding an object, as a pipe.

3. (Glass Manuf.)

Defn: A blown cylinder of glass which is afterward flattened out to
make a sheet.

4. Etym: [Perhaps a different word; cf. Prov. E. maffle to slammer.]

Defn: A stupid fellow; a poor-spirited person. [Colloq.] "A muff of a
curate." Thackeray.

5. Etym: [See 4.] (Baseball)

Defn: A failure to hold a ball when once in the hands.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The whitethroat. [Prov. Eng.]

MUFF
Muff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Muffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Muffing.]

Defn: To handle awkwardly; to fumble; to fail to hold, as a ball, in
catching it.

MUFFETEE
Muf`fe*tee", n.

Defn: A small muff worn over the wrist. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

MUFFIN
Muf"fin, n. Etym: [From Muff.]

Defn: A light, spongy, cylindrical cake, used for breakfast and tea.

MUFFINEER
Muf`fin*eer", n.

Defn: A dish for keeping muffins hot.

MUFFISH
Muff"ish, a. Etym: [See Muff, 4 & 5.]

Defn: Stupid; awkward. [Colloq.]

MUFFLE
Muf"fle, n.

Defn: The bare end of the nose between the nostrils; -- used esp. of
ruminants.

MUFFLE
Muf"fle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Muffled; p. pr. & vb. n. Muffling.]
Etym: [Cf. F. moufle a mitten, LL. muffula, OD. moffel a muff. See
Muff.]

1. To wrap up in something that conceals or protects; to wrap, as the
face and neck, in thick and disguishing folds; hence, to conceal or
cover the face of; to envelop; to inclose; -- often with up. South.
The face lies muffled up within the garment. Addison.
He muffled with a cloud his mournful eyes. Dryden.
Muffled up in darkness and superstition. Arbuthnot.

2. To prevent seeing, or hearing, or speaking, by wraps bound about
the head; to blindfold; to deafen.

3. To wrap with something that dulls or deadens the sound of; as, to
muffle the strings of a drum, or that part of an oar which rests in
the rowlock.

MUFFLE
Muf"fle, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. maffle, mumble, D. moffelen.]

Defn: To speak indistinctly, or without clear articulation.

MUFFLE
Muf"fle, n. Etym: [F. moufle, prop., a mitten, from the resemblance
in shape. See Muffle, v. t., Muff.]

1. Anything with which another thing, as an oar or drum, is muffled;
also, a boxing glove; a muff.

2. (Metal.)

Defn: An earthenware compartment or oven, often shaped like a half
cylinder, used in furnaces to protect objects heated from the direct
action of the fire, as in scorification of ores, cupellation of ore
buttons, etc.

3. (Ceramics)

Defn: A small oven for baking and fixing the colors of painted or
printed pottery, without exposing the pottery to the flames of the
furnace or kiln.

4. A pulley block containing several sheaves. Knight.

MUFFLER
Muf"fler, n.

1. Anything used in muffling; esp., a scarf for protecting the head
and neck in cold weather; a tippet.
Fortune is painted blind, with a muffler above her eyes. Shak.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A cushion for terminating or softening a note made by a
stringed instrument with a keyboard.

3. A kind of mitten or boxing glove, esp. when stuffed.

4. One who muffles.

MUFLON
Muf"lon, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Mouflon.

MUFTI
Muf"ti, n.; pl. Muftis. Etym: [Ar. mufti.]

Defn: An official expounder of Mohammedan law.

MUFTI
Muf"ti, n.

Defn: Citizen's dress when worn by a naval or military officer; -- a
term derived from the British service in India. [Colloq. Eng.]

MUG
Mug, n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. mugam a mug, mucog a cup.]

1. A kind of earthen or metal drinking cup, with a handle, -- usually
cylindrical and without a lip.

2. The face or mouth. [Slang] Thackeray.

MUGGARD
Mug"gard, a. Etym: [Cf. G. mucker a sulky person, muckish sullen,
peevish, mucken to mutter, grumble.]

Defn: Sullen; displeased. [Obs.]

MUGGER; MUGGAR; MUGGUR
Mug"ger, n. Also Mug"gar, Mug"gur. [Hind. magar, fr. Skr. makara sea
monster.]

Defn: The common crocodile (Crocodilus palustris) of India, the East
Indies, etc. It becomes twelve feet or more long.

MUGGET
Mug"get, n.

Defn: The small entrails of a calf or a hog.

MUGGINESS
Mug"gi*ness, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being muggy.

MUGGINS
Mug"gins, n. [Etym. unknown.]

1. A game of dominoes in which the object is to make the sum of the
two ends of the line some multiple of five.

2.  A game at cards which depends upon building in suits or matching
exposed cards, the object being to get rid of one's cards.

MUGGINS
Mug"gins, v. t.

Defn: In certain games, to score against, or take an advantage over
(an opponent), as for an error, announcing the act by saying
"muggins."

MUGGISH
Mug"gish, a.

Defn: See Muggy.

MUGGLETONIAN
Mug`gle*to"ni*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of an extinct sect, named after Ludovic Muggleton, an
English journeyman tailor, who (about 1657) claimed to be inspired.
Eadie.

MUGGY
Mug"gy, a. [Compar. Muggier; superl. Muggiest.] Etym: [Cf. Icel.
mugga mist, mugginess. Cf. 4th Mold.]

1. Moist; damp; moldy; as, muggy straw.

2. Warm, damp, and close; as, muggy air, weather.

MUGHOUSE
Mug"house`, n.

Defn: An alehouse; a pothouse. Tickel.

MUGIENCY
Mu"gi*en*cy, n.

Defn: A bellowing. [Obs.]

MUGIENT
Mu"gi*ent, a. Etym: [L. mugiens, p.pr. of mugire to bellow.]

Defn: Lowing; bellowing. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

MUGIL
Mu"gil, n. Etym: [L., a sort of fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fishes including the gray mullets. See Mullet.

MUGILOID
Mu"gi*loid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the genus Mugil, or family Mugilidæ.

MUGWEED
Mug"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A slender European weed (Galium Cruciata); -- called also
crossweed.

MUGWORT
Mug"wort`, n. Etym: [AS. mucgwyrt. Cf. Midge.] (Bot.)

Defn: A somewhat aromatic composite weed (Artemisia vulgaris), at one
time used medicinally; -- called also motherwort.

MUGWUMP
Mug"wump`, n. Etym: [Cf. Algonquin mugquomp a chief.]

Defn: A bolter from the Republican party in the national election of
1884; an Independent. [Political Cant, U.S.]

MUGWUMPERY; MUGWUMPISM
Mug"wump`er*y, Mug"wump*ism, n.

Defn: The acts and views of the mugwumps. [Political Cant, U.S.]

MUHAMMADAN; MUHAMMEDAN
Mu*ham"mad*an, Mu*ham"med*an, a. & n.

Defn: Mohammedan.

MUHAMMADANISM
Mu*ham"mad*an*ism, n.

Defn: Mohammedanism.

MULADA
Mu*la"da, n.

Defn: A moor. [Scot.] Lockhart.

MULADA
Mu*la"da, n. Etym: [Sp. Amer., fr. Sp. mulo, mula, a mule.]

Defn: A drove of mules. [Southwest. U.S.]

MULATTO
Mu*lat"to, n.; pl. Mulattoes. Etym: [Sp. & Pg. mulato, masc., mulata,
fem., of a mixed breed, fr. mulo mule, L. mulus. See Mule.]

Defn: The offspring of a negress by a white man, or of a white woman
by a negro, -- usually of a brownish yellow complexion.

MULATTRESS
Mu*lat"tress, n.

Defn: A female mulatto. G. W. Gable.

MULBERRY
Mul"ber*ry, n.; pl. Mulberries. Etym: [OE. moolbery, murberie, AS.
murberie, where the first part is fr. L. morum mulberry; cf. Gr.
Murrey, Sycamore.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The berry or fruit of any tree of the genus Morus; also, the
tree itself. See Morus.

2. A dark pure color, like the hue of a black mulberry. Mulberry
mass. (Biol.) See Morula.
 -- Paper mulberry, a tree (Broussonetia papyrifera), related to the
true mulberry, used in Polynesia for making tapa cloth by macerating
and pounding the inner bark, and in China and Japan for the
manufacture of paper. It is seen as a shade tree in America.

MULBERRY-FACED
Mul"ber*ry-faced` (-fast`), a.

Defn: Having a face of a mulberry color, or blotched as if with
mulberry stains.

MULCH
Mulch, n. Etym: [Cf. mull dirt, also Prov. G. mulsch, molsch, rotten,
soft, mellow, as fruit.]

Defn: Half-rotten straw, or any like substance strewn on the ground,
as over the roots of plants, to protect from heat, drought, etc., and
to preserve moisture.

MULCH
Mulch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mulched; p. pr. & vb. n. Mulching.]

Defn: To cover or dress with mulch.

MULCT
Mulct, n. Etym: [L. mulcta, multa.]

1. A fine or penalty, esp. a pecuniary punishment or penalty.

2. A blemish or defect. [Obs.]

Syn.
 -- Amercement; forfeit; forfeiture; penalty.

MULCT
Mulct, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mulcted; p. pr. & vb. n. Mulcting.] Etym:
[L. mulctare, multare.]

1. To punish for an offense or misdemeanor by imposing a fine or
forfeiture, esp. a pecuniary fine; to fine.

2. Hence, to deprive of; to withhold by way of punishment or
discipline. [Obs.]

MULCTARY; MULCTUARY
Mulc"ta*ry, Mulc"tu*a*ry, a.

Defn: Imposing a pecuniary penalty; consisting of, or paid as, a
fine.
Fines, or some known mulctuary punishments. Sir W. Temple.

MULE
Mule, n. Etym: [F., a she-mule, L. mula, fem. of mulus; cf. Gr. m,
fr. L. mulus. Cf. Mulatto.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hybrid animal; specifically, one generated between an ass and
a mare, sometimes a horse and a she-ass. See Hinny.

Note: Mules are much used as draught animals. They are hardy, and
proverbial for stubbornness.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant or vegetable produced by impregnating the pistil of one
species with the pollen or fecundating dust of another; -- called
also hybrid.

3. A very stubborn person.

4. A machine, used in factories, for spinning cotton, wool, etc.,
into yarn or thread and winding it into cops; -- called also jenny
and mule-jenny. Mule armadillo (Zoöl.), a long-eared armadillo
(Tatusia hybrida), native of Buenos Ayres; -- called also mulita. See
Illust. under Armadillo.
 -- Mule deer (Zoöl.), a large deer (Cervus, or Cariacus, macrotis)
of the Western United States. The name refers to its long ears.
 -- Mule pulley (Mach.), an idle pulley for guiding a belt which
transmits motion between shafts that are not parallel.
 -- Mule twist, cotton yarn in cops, as spun on a mule; -- in
distinction from yarn spun on a throstle frame.

MULE-JENNY
Mule"-jen`ny, n.

Defn: See Mule, 4.

MULE KILLER
Mule killer.

Defn: Any of several arthropods erroneously supposed to kill live
stock, in the southern United States, by stinging or by being
swallowed; as:
 (a) A whip scorpion. [Florida]
 (b) A walking-stick insect. [Texas]
 (c) A mantis.
 (d) A wheel bug.

MULETEER
Mu`le*teer", n. Etym: [F. muletier, fr. mulet a mule, dim. fr. L.
mulus.]

Defn: One who drives mules.

MULEWORT
Mule"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A fern of the genus Hemionitis.

MULEY
Mu"ley, n. (Sawmills)

Defn: A stiff, long saw, guided at the ends but not stretched in a
gate. Muley axle (Railroad), a car axle without collars at the outer
ends of the journals. Forney.

MULEY
Mul"ey, n.

Defn: See Mulley.

MULIEBRITY
Mu`li*eb"ri*ty, n. Etym: [L. muliebritas, fr. muliebris belonging to
a woman, fr. mulier a woman.]

1. The state of being a woman or of possessing full womanly powers;
womanhood; -- correlate of virility.

2. Hence: Effeminancy; softness.

MULIER
Mu"li*er, n. Etym: [L., a woman.]

1. A woman.

2. (Law)
(a) Lawful issue born in wedlock, in distinction from an elder
brother born of the same parents before their marriage; a lawful son.
(b) (Civ. Law) A woman; a wife; a mother. Blount. Cowell.

MULIERLY
Mu"li*er*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner or condition of a mulier; in wedlock;
legitimately. [Obs.]

MULIEROSE
Mu"li*er*ose`, a. Etym: [L. mulierosus.]

Defn: Fond of woman. [R.] Charles Reade.

MULIEROSITY
Mu`li*er*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. mulierositas.]

Defn: A fondness for women. [R.] Dr. H. More.

MULIERTY
Mu"li*er*ty, n. (Law)

Defn: Condition of being a mulier; position of one born in lawful
wedlock.

MULISH
Mul"ish, a.

Defn: Like a mule; sullen; stubborn.
 -- Mul"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Mul"ish*ness, n.

MULL
Mull, n. Etym: [Perh. contr. fr. mossul. See Muslin.]

Defn: A thin, soft kind of muslin.

MULL
Mull, n. Etym: [Icel. m a snout, muzzle, projecting crag; or cf. Ir.
& Gael. meall a heap of earth, a mound, a hill or eminence, W. moel.
Cf. Mouth.]

1. A promontory; as, the Mull of Cantyre. [Scot.]

2. A snuffbox made of the small end of a horn.

MULL
Mull, n. Etym: [Prob. akin to mold. *108. See Mold.]

Defn: Dirt; rubbish. [Obs.] Gower.

MULL
Mull, v. t. Etym: [OE. mullen. See 2d Muller.]

Defn: To powder; to pulverize. [Prov. Eng.]

MULL
Mull, v. i.

Defn: To work (over) mentally; to cogitate; to ruminate; -- usually
with over; as, to mull over a thought or a problem. [Colloq. U.S.]

MULL
Mull, n.

Defn: An inferior kind of madder prepared from the smaller roots or
the peelings and refuse of the larger.

MULL
Mull, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mulled; p. pr. & vb. n. Mulling.] Etym:
[From mulled, for mold, taken as a p.p.; OE. mold-ale funeral ale or
banquet. See Mold soil.]

1. To heat, sweeten, and enrich with spices; as, to mull wine.
New cider, mulled with ginger warm. Gay.

2. To dispirit or deaden; to dull or blunt. Shak.

MULLA
Mul"la, n.

Defn: Same as Mollah.

MULLAGATAWNY
Mul`la*ga*taw"ny, n. Etym: [Tamil milagu-tannir pepper water.]

Defn: An East Indian curry soup.

MULLAH
Mul"lah, n.

Defn: See Mollah.

MULLAR
Mul"lar, n.

Defn: A die, cut in intaglio, for stamping an ornament in relief, as
upon metal.

MULLEIN
Mul"lein, n. Etym: [OE. moleyn, AS. molegn.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Verbascum. They are tall herbs having
coarse leaves, and large flowers in dense spikes. The common species,
with densely woolly leaves, is Verbascum Thapsus. Moth mullein. See
under Moth.
 -- Mullein foxglove, an American herb (Seymeria macrophylla) with
coarse leaves and yellow tubular flowers with a spreading border.
 -- Petty mullein, the cowslip. Dr. Prior.

MULLEN
Mul"len, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Mullein.

MULLER
Mull"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, mulls.

2. A vessel in which wine, etc., is mulled over a fire.

MULLER
Mull"er, n. Etym: [OE. mullen to pulverize, bruise; cf. Icel. mylja;
prob. akin to E. mold soil. See Mold soil, and cf. Mull dirt.]

Defn: A stone or thick lump of glass, or kind of pestle, flat at the
bottom, used for grinding pigments or drugs, etc., upon a slab of
similar material.

MULLERIAN; MUELLERIAN
Mül*le"ri*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or discovered by, Johannes Müller. Müllerian
ducts (Anat.), a pair of embryonic ducts which give rise to the
genital passages in the female, but disappear in the male.
 -- Müllerian fibers (Anat.), the sustentacular or connective-tissue
fibers which form the framework of the retina.

MULLET
Mul"let, n. Etym: [OE. molet, mulet, F. mulet, fr. L. mullus.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous fishes of the genus Mugil; -- called also
gray mullets. They are found on the coasts of both continents, and
are highly esteemed as food. Among the most valuable species are
Mugil capito of Europe, and M. cephalus which occurs both on the
European and American coasts.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of the genus Mullus, or family Mullidæ; called also
red mullet, and surmullet, esp. the plain surmullet (Mullus
barbatus), and the striped surmullet (M. surmulletus) of Southern
Europe. The former is the mullet of the Romans. It is noted for the
brilliancy of its colors. See Surmullet. French mullet. See Ladyfish
(a).

MULLET
Mul"let, n. Etym: [F. molette.] (Her.)

Defn: A star, usually five pointed and pierced; -- when used as a
difference it indicates the third son.

MULLET
Mul"let, n. Etym: [Cf. F. molet a sort of pinchers.]

Defn: Small pinchers for curling the hair. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

MULLEY; MOOLLEY
Mul"ley, Mool"ley, n. Etym: [CF. Gael. maolag a hornless cow, maol
bald, hornless, blunt.]

1. A mulley or polled animal. [U. S.]

2. A cow. [Prov. Eng.; U.S., a child's word.]
Leave milking and dry up old mulley, thy cow. Tusser.

MULLEY; MOOLLEY
Mul"ley, Mool"ley, a.

Defn: Destitute of horns, although belonging to a species of animals
most of which have horns; hornless; polled; as, mulley cattle; a
mulley (or moolley) cow. [U. S.] [Written also muley.]

MULLIGATAWNY
Mul`li*ga*taw"ny, n.

Defn: See Mullagatawny.

MULLIGRUBS
Mul"li*grubs, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. mull to squeeze, pull about,
mulling numb or dull.]

1. A griping of the intestines; colic. [Slang]
Whose dog lies sick of the mulligrubs Beau. & Fl.

2. Hence, sullenness; the sulks. [Slang]

MULLINGONG
Mul"lin*gong, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Duck mole, under Duck. [Written also mollingong.]

MULLION
Mul"lion, n. Etym: [A corruption of munnion, F. moignon stump of an
amputated limb, stump, OF. moing mutilated; cf. Armor. moñ, mouñ,
mank, monk, and also L. mancus maimed.] (Arch.)
(a) A slender bar or pier which forms the division between the lights
of windows, screens, etc.
(b) An upright member of a framing. See Stile.

MULLION
Mul"lion, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with mullions; to divide by mullions.

MULLOCK
Mul"lock, n. Etym: [From Mull dirt: cf. Scot. mulloch, mulock, crumb.
*108.]

Defn: Rubbish; refuse; dirt. [Obs.]
All this mullok [was] in a sieve ythrowe. Chaucer.

MULLOID
Mul"loid, a. Etym: [NL. Mullus, generic name (fr. L. mullus
surmullet) + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the genus Mullus, which includes the
surmullet, or red mullet.

MULMUL
Mul"mul, n.

Defn: A fine, soft muslin; mull.

MULSE
Mulse, n. Etym: [L. mulsum (sc. vinum), fr. mulsus mixed with honey,
honey-sweet, p.p. of mulcere to sweeten, soften.]

Defn: Wine boiled and mingled with honey.

MULT-
Mult-.

Defn: See Multi-.

MULTANGULAR
Mul*tan"gu*lar, a. Etym: [L. multangulus; multus much, many + angulus
angle: cf. F. multangulaire.]

Defn: Having many angles.
 -- Mul*tan"gu*lar*ly, adv.
 -- Mul*tan"gu*lar*ness, n.

MULTANIMOUS
Mul*tan"i*mous, a. Etym: [Mult- + L. animus mind.]

Defn: Many-minded; many-sided.
The multanimous nature of the poet. J. R. Lowell.

MULTARTICULATE
Mul`tar*tic"u*late, a. Etym: [Mult- + articulate.]

Defn: Having many articulations or joints.

MULTEITY
Mul*te"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. multus much, many.]

Defn: Multiplicity. [R.] Coleridge.

MULTI-; MULT-
Mul"ti-, Mult-. Etym: [L. multus much.]

Defn: A prefix signifying much or many; several; more than one; as,
multiaxial, multocular.

MULTIAXIAL
Mul`ti*ax"i*al, a. Etym: [Multi- + axial.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having more than one axis; developing in more than a single
line or plain; -- opposed to Ant: monoaxial.

MULTICAPSULAR
Mul`ti*cap"su*lar, a. Etym: [Multi- + capsular: cf. F.
multicapsulaire.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having many, or several, capsules.

MULTICARINATE
Mul`ti*car"i*nate, a. Etym: [Multi- + carinate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Many-keeled.

MULTICAVOUS
Mul`ti*ca"vous, a. Etym: [L. multicavus; multus much, many + cavum,
cavus, a cavity, hole, fr. cavus hollow.]

Defn: Having many cavities.

MULTICELLULAR
Mul`ti*cel"lu*lar, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or having, many cells or more than one cell.

MULTICENTRAL
Mul`ti*cen"tral, a. Etym: [Multi- + central.]

Defn: Having many, or several, centers; as, a multicentral cell.
Multicental development (Biol.), growth, or development, from several
centers. According as the insubordination to a single center is more
or less pronounced, the resultant organism will be more or less
irregular in form and may even discontinuous.

MULTICIPITAL
Mul`ti*cip"i*tal, a. Etym: [Multi- + L. caput head.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having many heads or many stems from one crown or root. Gray.

MULTICOLOR
Mul"ti*col`or, a. Etym: [See Multi-, and Color.]

Defn: Having many, or several, colors.

MULTICOSTATE
Mul`ti*cos"tate, a. Etym: [Multi- + costate.]

Defn: Having numerous ribs, or costæ, as the leaf of a plant, or as
certain shells and corals.

MULTICUSPID
Mul`ti*cus"pid, a. Etym: [See Multi-, and Cuspid.]

Defn: Multicuspidate; -- said of teeth.

MULTICUSPIDATE
Mul`ti*cus"pi*date, a. Etym: [Multi- + cuspidate.]

Defn: Having many cusps or points.

MULTIDENTATE
Mul`ti*den"tate, a. Etym: [Multi- + dentate.]

Defn: Having many teeth, or toothlike processes.

MULTIDIGITATE
Mul`ti*dig"i*tate, a. Etym: [Multi- + digitate.]

Defn: Having many fingers, or fingerlike processes.

MULTIFACED
Mul"ti*faced`, a. Etym: [Multi- + face.]

Defn: Having many faces.

MULTIFARIOUS
Mul`ti*fa"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. multifarius; multus much, many. Cf.
Bifarious.]

1. Having multiplicity; having great diversity or variety; of various
kinds; diversified; made up of many differing parts; manifold.
There is a multifarious artifice in the structure of the meanest
animal. Dr. H. More.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having parts, as leaves, arranged in many vertical rows.

MULTIFARIOUSLY
Mul`ti*fa"ri*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: With great multiplicity and diversity; with variety of modes
and relations.

MULTIFARIOUSNESS
Mul`ti*fa"ri*ous*ness, n.

1. Multiplied diversity.

2. (Law)

Defn: The fault of improperly uniting in one bill distinct and
independent matters, and thereby confounding them. Burrill.

MULTIFEROUS
Mul*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. multifer; multus much, many + ferre to
bear.]

Defn: Bearing or producing much or many. [R.]

MULTIFID
Mul"ti*fid, a. Etym: [L. multifidus; multus much, many + findere to
split: cf. F. multifide.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having many segments; cleft into several parts by linear
sinuses; as, a multifid leaf or corolla.

MULTIFLOROUS
Mul`ti*flo"rous, a. Etym: [L. multiflorus; multus much, many + flos,
floris, flower: cf. F. multiflore.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having many flowers.

MULTIFLUE
Mul"ti*flue, a. Etym: [Multi- + flue.]

Defn: Having many flues; as, a multiflue boiler. See Boiler.

MULTIFOIL
Mul"ti*foil, n. Etym: [Multi- + foil.] (Arch.)

Defn: An ornamental foliation consisting of more than five divisions
or foils. [R.] See Foil.

MULTIFOIL
Mul"ti*foil, a.

Defn: Having more than five divisions or foils.

MULTIFOLD
Mul"ti*fold, a. Etym: [Multi- + fold.]

Defn: Many times doubled; manifold; numerous.

MULTIFORM
Mul"ti*form, a. Etym: [L. multiformis; multus much, many + forma
shape: cf. F. multiforme.]

Defn: Having many forms, shapes, or appearances.
A plastic and multiform unit. Hare.

MULTIFORMITY
Mul`ti*form"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. multiformitas.]

Defn: The quality of being multiform; diversity of forms; variety of
appearances in the same thing. Purchas.

MULTIFORMOUS
Mul`ti*form"ous, a.

Defn: Multiform. [Obs.]

MULTIGENEROUS
Mul`ti*gen"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. multigenerus; multus + genus,
generis, kind.]

Defn: Having many kinds.

MULTIGRANULATE
Mul`ti*gran"u*late, a. Etym: [Multi- + granulate.]

Defn: Having, or consisting of, many grains.

MULTIGRAPH
Mul"ti*graph, n.  [Multi- + -graph.]

Defn: A combined rotary type-setting and printing machine for office
use. The type is transferred semi-automatically by means of keys from
a type-supply drum to a printing drum. The printing may be done by
means of an inked ribbon to print "typewritten" letters, or directly
from inked type or a stereotype plate, as in a printing press.

MULTIJUGATE
Mul*tij"u*gate, a.

Defn: Having many pairs of leaflets.

MULTIJUGOUS
Mul*tij"u*gous, a. Etym: [L. multijugus; multus + jugum yoke.]

1. Consisting of many parts.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Multijugate.

MULTILATERAL
Mul`ti*lat"er*al, a. Etym: [Multi- + lateral.]

Defn: Having many sides; many-sided.

MULTILINEAL
Mul`ti*lin"e*al, a. Etym: [Multi- + lineal.]

Defn: Having many lines. Steevens.

MULTILOBAR
Mul`ti*lo"bar, a. Etym: [Multi- + lobar.]

Defn: Consisting of, or having, many lobes.

MULTILOCULAR
Mul`ti*loc"u*lar, a. Etym: [Multi- + locular: cf. F. multiloculaire.]

Defn: Having many or several cells or compartments; as, a
multilocular shell or capsule.

MULTILOQUENCE
Mul*til"o*quence, n.

Defn: Quality of being multiloquent; use of many words;
talkativeness.

MULTILOQUENT; MULTILOQUOUS
Mul*til"o*quent, Mul*til"o*quous, a. Etym: [L. multiloquus; multus
much, many + loqui to speak.]

Defn: Speaking much; very talkative; loquacious.

MULTILOQUY
Mul*til"o*quy, n. Etym: [L. multiloquium.]

Defn: Excess of words or talk. [R.]

MULTINODATE
Mul`ti*no"date, a. Etym: [Multi- + nodate.]

Defn: Having many knots or nodes.

MULTINODOUS
Mul`ti*no"dous, a. Etym: [L. multinodus.]

Defn: Same as Multinodate.

MULTINOMIAL
Mul`ti*no"mi*al, n. & a. Etym: [Multi- + -nomial, as in binomial. See
Binomial.] (Alg.)

Defn: Same as Polynomial.

MULTINOMINAL; MULTINOMINOUS
Mul`ti*nom"i*nal, Mul`ti*nom"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. multinominis;
multus many + nomen nominis name.]

Defn: Having many names or terms.

MULTINUCLEAR
Mul`ti*nu"cle*ar, a. Etym: [Multi- + nuclear.] (Biol.)

Defn: Containing many nuclei; as, multinuclear cells.

MULTINUCLEATE; MULTINUCLEATED
Mul`ti*nu"cle*ate, Mul`ti*nu"cle*a`ted, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Multinuclear.

MULTIPAROUS
Mul*tip"a*rous, a. Etym: [Multi- + L. parere to produce: cf. F.
multipare.]

Defn: Producing many, or more than one, at a birth.

MULTIPARTITE
Mul*tip"ar*tite, a. Etym: [L. multipartitus multus much, many
partitus divided, p.p.: cf. F. multipartite. See Partite.]

Defn: Divided into many parts; having several parts.

MULTIPED
Mul"ti*ped, n. Etym: [L. multipes, multipeda; multus much, many +
pes, pedis, foot: cf. F. multipède.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect having many feet, as a myriapod.

MULTIPED
Mul"ti*ped, a.

Defn: Having many feet.

MULTIPHASE
Mul"ti*phase, a.  [Multi- + phase.]

Defn: Having many phases; specif. (Elec.),

Defn: pertaining to, or designating, a generator producing, or any
system conveying or utilizing, two or more waves of pressure, or
electromotive force, not in phase with each other; polyphase.

MULTIPLANE
Mul"ti*plane, a.

Defn: Having several or many planes or plane surfaces; as, a
multiplane kite.

MULTIPLANE
Mul"ti*plane, n.  [Multi- + plane.] (Aëronautics)

Defn: An aëroplane with three or more superposed main planes.

MULTIPLE
Mul"ti*ple, a. Etym: [Cf. F. multiple, and E. quadruple, and
multiply.]

Defn: Containing more than once, or more than one; consisting of more
than one; manifold; repeated many times; having several, or many,
parts. Law of multiple proportion (Chem.), the generalization that
when the same elements unite in more than one proportion, forming two
or more different compounds, the higher proportions of the elements
in such compounds are simple multiplies of the lowest proportion, or
the proportions are connected by some simple common factor; thus,
iron and oxygen unite in the proportions FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, in which
compounds, considering the oxygen, 3 and 4 are simple multiplies of
1. Called also the Law of Dalton, from its discoverer.
 -- Multiple algebra, a branch of advanced mathematics that treats of
operations upon units compounded of two or more unlike units.
 -- Multiple conjugation (Biol.), a coalescence of many cells (as
where an indefinite number of amoeboid cells flow together into a
single mass) from which conjugation proper and even fertilization may
have been evolved.
 -- Multiple fruits. (Bot.) See Collective fruit, under Collective.
 -- Multiple star (Astron.), several stars in close proximity, which
appear to form a single system.

MULTIPLE
Mul"ti*ple, n. (Math.)

Defn: A quantity containing another quantity a number of times
without a remainder.

Note: A common multiple of two or more numbers contains each of them
a number of times exactly; thus, 24 is a common multiple of 3 and 4.
The least common multiple is the least number that will do this;
thus, 12 is the least common multiple of 3 and 4.

MULTIPLEX
Mul"ti*plex, a. Etym: [L. multiplex, -plicis. See Multiply.]

Defn: Manifold; multiple.

MULTIPLIABLE
Mul"ti*pli`a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. multipliable.]

Defn: Capable of being multiplied.
 -- Mul"ti*pli`a*ble*ness, n.

MULTIPLICABLE
Mul"ti*pli*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. multiplicabilis.]

Defn: Capable of being multiplied; multipliable.

MULTIPLICAND
Mul"ti*pli*cand`, n. Etym: [L. multiplicandus to be multiplied: cf.
F. multiplicande.] (Math.)

Defn: The number which is to be multiplied by another number called
the multiplier. See Note under Multiplication.

MULTIPLICATE
Mul"ti*pli*cate, a. Etym: [L. multiplicatus, p.p. of multiplicare.
See Multiply.]

Defn: Consisting of many, or of more than one; multiple; multifold.
Multiplicate flower (Bot.), a flower that is double, or has an
unusual number of petals in consequence of the abnormal
multiplication of the parts of the floral whorls.

MULTIPLICATION
Mul`ti*pli*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. multiplicatio: cf. F.
multiplication. See Multiply.]

1. The act or process of multiplying, or of increasing in number; the
state of being multiplied; as, the multiplication of the human
species by natural generation.
The increase and multiplication of the world. Thackeray.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The process of repeating, or adding to itself, any given number
or quantity a certain number of times; commonly, the process of
ascertaining by a briefer computation the result of such repeated
additions; also, the rule by which the operation is performed; -- the
reverse of division.

Note: The word multiplication is sometimes used in mathematics,
particularly in multiple algebra, to denote any distributive
operation expressed by one symbol upon any quantity or any thing
expressed by another symbol. Corresponding extensions of meaning are
given to the words multiply, multiplier, multiplicand, and product.
Thus, since f(x + y) = fx + fy (see under Distributive), where f(x +
y), fx, and fy indicate the results of any distributive operation
represented by the symbol f upon x + y, x, and y, severally, then
because of many very useful analogies f(x + y) is called the product
of f and x + y, and the operation indicated by f is called
multiplication. Cf. Facient, n., 2.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: An increase above the normal number of parts, especially of
petals; augmentation.

4. The art of increasing gold or silver by magic, -- attributed
formerly to the alchemists. [Obs.] Chaucer. Multiplication table, a
table giving the product of a set of numbers multiplied in some
regular way; commonly, a table giving the products of the first ten
or twelve numbers multiplied successively by 1, 2, 3, etc., up to 10
or 12.

MULTIPLICATIVE
Mul"ti*pli*ca*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. multiplicatif.]

Defn: Tending to multiply; having the power to multiply, or incease
numbers.

MULTIPLICATIVELY
Mul"ti*pli*ca*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to multiply.

MULTIPLICATOR
Mul"ti*pli*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. multiplicateur. Cf.
Multiplier.]

Defn: The number by which another number is multiplied; a multiplier.

MULTIPLICIOUS
Mul`ti*pli"cious, a. Etym: [See Multiplex.]

Defn: Manifold. [Obs.]

MULTIPLICITY
Mul`ti*plic"ity, n. Etym: [Cf. F. multiplicité.]

Defn: The quality of being multiple, manifold, or various; a state of
being many; a multitude; as, a multiplicity of thoughts or objects.
"A multiplicity of goods." South.

MULTIPLIER
Mul"ti*pli`er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. multiplier. Cf. Multiplicator.]

1. One who, or that which, multiplies or increases number.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The number by which another number is multiplied. See the Note
under Multiplication.

3. (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for multiplying or increasing by repetition or
accumulation the intensity of a force or action, as heat or
electricity. It is particularly used to render such a force or action
appreciable or measurable when feeble. See Thermomultiplier.

MULTIPLY
Mul"ti*ply, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Multiplied; p. pr. & vb. n.
Multiplying.] Etym: [F. multiplier, L. multiplicare, fr. multiplex
manifold. See Multitude, Complex.]

1. To increase in number; to make more numerous; to add quantity to.
Impunity will multiply motives to disobedience. Ames.

2. (Math.)

Defn: To add (any given number or quantity) to itself a certain
number of times; to find the product of by multiplication; thus 7
multiplied by 8 produces the number 56; to multiply two numbers. See
the Note under Multiplication.

3. To increase (the amount of gold or silver) by the arts of alchemy.
[Obs.] Multiplying gear (Mach.), gear for increasing speed.
 -- Multiplying lens. (Opt.) See under Lens.

MULTIPLY
Mul"ti*ply, v. i.

1. To become greater in number; to become numerous.
When men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters
were born unto them. Gen. vi. 1.

2. To increase in extent and influence; to spread.
The word of God grew and multiplied. Acts xii. 24.

3. To increase amount of gold or silver by the arts of alchemy.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

MULTIPOLAR
Mul`ti*po"lar, a. Etym: [Multi- + polar.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having many poles; -- applied especially to those ganglionic
nerve cells which have several radiating processes.

MULTIPOTENT
Mul*tip"o*tent, a. Etym: [L. multipotens; multus much + potens
powerful. See Potent.]

Defn: Having manifold power, or power to do many things. "Jove
multipotent." Shak.

MULTIPRESENCE
Mul`ti*pres"ence, n.

Defn: The state or power of being multipresent.
The multipresence of Christ's body. Bp. Hall.

MULTIPRESENT
Mul`ti*pres"ent, a. Etym: [Multi- + present, a.]

Defn: Being, or having the power to be, present in two or more places
at once.

MULTIRADIATE
Mul`ti*ra"di*ate, a. Etym: [Multi- + radiate.]

Defn: Having many rays.

MULTIRAMIFIED
Mul`ti*ram"i*fied, a. Etym: [Multi- + p.p. of ramify.]

Defn: Divided into many branches.

MULTIRAMOSE
Mul`ti*ra*mose", a. Etym: [Multi- + ramose.]

Defn: Having many branches.

MULTISCIOUS
Mul*tis"cious, a. Etym: [L. multiscius; multus much + scius knowing,
fr. scire to know.]

Defn: Having much or varied knowledge. [Obs.]

MULTISECT
Mul"ti*sect, a. Etym: [Multi- + L. sectus, p.p. of secare to cut.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Divided into many similar segments; -- said of an insect or
myriapod.

MULTISEPTATE
Mul`ti*sep"tate, a. Etym: [Multi- + septate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Divided into many chambers by partitions, as the pith of the
pokeweed.

MULTISERIAL
Mul`ti*se"ri*al, a. Etym: [Multi- + serial.] (Bot.)

Defn: Arranged in many rows, or series, as the scales of a pine cone,
or the leaves of the houseleek.

MULTISILIQUOUS
Mul`ti*sil"i*quous, a. Etym: [Multi- + siliquious.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having many pods or seed vessels.

MULTISONOUS
Mul*tis"o*nous, a. Etym: [L. multisonus; multus much, many + sonus
sound.]

Defn: Having many sounds, or sounding much.

MULTISPIRAL
Mul`ti*spi"ral, a. Etym: [Multi- + spiral.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having numerous spiral coils round a center or nucleus; -- said
of the opercula of certain shells.

MULTISTRIATE
Mul`ti*stri"ate, a. Etym: [Multi- + striate.]

Defn: Having many streaks.

MULTISULCATE
Mul`ti*sul"cate, a. Etym: [Multi- + sulcate.]

Defn: Having many furrows.

MULTISYLLABLE
Mul"ti*syl`la*ble, n. Etym: [Multi- + syllable.]

Defn: A word of many syllables; a polysyllable. [R.] --
Mul`ti*syl*lab"ic, a.

MULTITITULAR
Mul`ti*tit"u*lar, a. Etym: [Multi- + titular.]

Defn: Having many titles.

MULTITUBULAR
Mul`ti*tu"bu*lar, a. Etym: [Multi- + tubular.]

Defn: Having many tubes; as, a multitubular boiler.

MULTITUDE
Mul"ti*tude, n. Etym: [F. multitude, L. multitudo, multitudinis, fr.
multus much, many; of unknown origin.]

1. A great number of persons collected together; a numerous
collection of persons; a crowd; an assembly.
But when he saw the multitudes, he was moved with compassion on them.
Matt. ix. 36.

2. A great number of persons or things, regarded collectively; as,
the book will be read by a multitude of people; the multitude of
stars; a multitude of cares.
It is a fault in a multitude of preachers, that they uttery neglect
method in their harangues. I. Watts.
A multitude of flowers As countless as the stars on high. Longfellow.

3. The state of being many; numerousness.
They came as grasshoppers for multitude. Judg. vi. 5.
The multitude, the populace; the mass of men.

Syn.
 -- Throng; crowd; assembly; assemblage; commonalty; swarm; populace;
vulgar. See Throng.

MULTITUDINARY
Mul`ti*tu"di*na*ry, a.

Defn: Multitudinous.

MULTITUDINOUS
Mul`ti*tu"di*nous, a.

1. Consisting of a multitude; manifold in number or condition; as,
multitudinous waves. "The multitudinous seas." Shak.
A renewed jingling of multitudinous chains. G. Kennan.

2. Of or pertaining to a multitude. "The multitudinous tongue." Shak.
 -- Mul`ti*tu"di*nous*ly, adv.
 -- Mul`ti*tu"di*nous*ness, n.

MULTIVAGANT; MULTIVAGOUS
Mul*tiv"a*gant, Mul*tiv"a*gous, a. Etym: [L. multivagus; multus much
+ vagus wandering; cf. vagans, p.pr. of vagari. See Vagary.]

Defn: Wandering much. [Obs.]

MULTIVALENCE
Mul*tiv"a*lence, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Quality, state, or degree, of a multivalent element, atom, or
radical.

MULTIVALENT
Mul*tiv"a*lent, a. Etym: [Multi- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.]
(Chem.)
(a) Having a valence greater than one, as silicon.
(b) Having more than one degree of valence, as sulphur.

MULTIVALVE
Mul"ti*valve, n. Etym: [Cf. F. multivalve.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any mollusk which has a shell composed of more than two pieces.

MULTIVALVE; MULTIVALVULAR
Mul"ti*valve, Mul`ti*val"vu*lar, a. Etym: [Multi- + valve, valvular:
cf. F. multivalve.]

1. Having many valves.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Many-valved; having more than two valves; -- said of certain
shells, as the chitons.

MULTIVERSANT
Mul*tiv"er*sant, a. Etym: [Multi- + L. versans, p. pr. See Versant.]

Defn: Turning into many shapes; assuming many forms; protean.

MULTIVIOUS
Mul*tiv"i*ous, a. & adv. Etym: [L. multivius; multus many + via way.]

Defn: Having many ways or roads; by many ways. [Obs.]

MULTIVOCAL
Mul*tiv"o*cal, a. Etym: [Multi- + vocal.]

Defn: Signifying many different things; of manifold meaning;
equivocal. "An ambiguous multivocal word." Coleridge.
 -- n.

Defn: A multivocal word. [R.] Fitzed. Hall.

MULTOCULAR
Mul*toc"u*lar, a. Etym: [Multi- + L. oculus eye.]

Defn: Having many eyes, or more than two.

MULTUM
Mul"tum, n.

Defn: An extract of quassia licorice, fraudulently used by brewers in
order to economize malt and hops. Craig. Hard multum, a preparation
made from Cocculus Indicus, etc., used to impart an intoxicating
quality to beer.

MULTUNGULATE
Mul*tun"gu*late, a. Etym: [Multi- + ungulate.]

Defn: Having many hoofs.

MULTURE
Mul"ture, n. Etym: [OF. multure, moulture, F. mouture, fr. L.
molitura a grinding, molere to grind. See Mill the machine.]

1. (Scots Law)

Defn: The toll for grinding grain. Erskine.

2. A grist or grinding; the grain ground.

MUM
Mum, a. Etym: [Of imitative origin. Cf. Mumble.]

Defn: Silent; not speaking. Thackeray.
The citizens are mum, and speak not a word. Shak.

MUM
Mum, interj.

Defn: Be silent! Hush!
Mum, then, and no more. Shak.

MUM
Mum, n.

Defn: Silence. [R.] Hudibras.

MUM
Mum, n. Etym: [G. mummere, fr. Christian Mumme, who first brewed it
in 1492.]

Defn: A sort of strong beer, originally made in Brunswick, Germany.
Addison.
The clamorous crowd is hushed with mugs of mum. Pope.

MUMBLE
Mum"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mumbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Mumbling.]
Etym: [OE. momelen; cf. D. mompelen, mommelen, G. mummelen, Sw.
mumla, Dan. mumle. Cf. Mum, a., Mumm, Mump, v.]

1. To speak with the lips partly closed, so as to render the sounds
inarticulate and imperfect; to utter words in a grumbling indistinct
manner, indicating discontent or displeasure; to mutter.
Peace, you mumbling fool. Shak.
A wrinkled hag, with age grown double, Picking dry sticks, and
mumbling to herself. Otway.

2. To chew something gently with closed lips.

MUMBLE
Mum"ble, v. t.

1. To utter with a low, inarticulate voice. Bp. Hall.

2. To chew or bite gently, as one without teeth.
Gums unarmed, to mumble meat in vain. Dryden.

3. To suppress, or utter imperfectly.

MUMBLENEWS
Mum"ble*news`, n.

Defn: A talebearer. [Obs.]

MUMBLER
Mum"bler, n.

Defn: One who mumbles.

MUMBLING
Mum"bling, a.

Defn: Low; indistinct; inarticulate.
 -- Mum"bling*ly, adv.

MUMBO JUMBO
Mum"bo Jum`bo.

Defn: An object of superstitious homage and fear. Carlyle.
The miserable Mumbo Jumbo they paraded. Dickens.

MUM-CHANCE
Mum"-chance`, n.

1. A game of hazard played with cards in silence. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.] Decker.

2. A silent, stupid person. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

MUM-CHANCE
Mum"-chance`, a.

Defn: Silent and idle. [Colloq.]
Boys can't sit mum-chance always. J. H. Ewing.

MUMM
Mumm, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Mummed; p. pr. & vb. n. Mumming.] Etym: [D.
mimmen to mask, mom a mask; akin to G. mumme disguise; prob. of
imitative origin, and akin to E. mum, mumble, in allusion to the
indistinctness of speech occasioned by talking from behind a mask.
Cf. Mumble, Mummery.]

Defn: To sport or make diversion in a mask or disguise; to mask.
With mumming and with masking all around. Spenser.

MUMMER
Mumm"er, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. mommeur. See Mumm, and cf. Momier.]

Defn: One who mumms, or makes diversion in disguise; a masker; a
buffon.
Jugglers and dancers, antics, mummers. Milton.

MUMMERY
Mum"mer*y, n.; pl. Mummeries. Etym: [F. momerie, of Dutch or German
origin. See Mumm.]

1. Masking; frolic in disguise; buffoonery.
The mummery of foreign strollers. Fenton.

2. Farcical show; hypocritical disguise and parade or ceremonies.
Bacon.

MUMMICHOG
Mum"mi*chog, n. Etym: [Amer. Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small American cyprinodont fishes
of the genus Fundulus, and of allied genera; the killifishes; --
called also minnow. [Written also mummychog, mummachog.]

MUMMIFICATION
Mum`mi*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [See Mummify.]

Defn: The act of making a mummy.

MUMMIFIED
Mum"mi*fied, a.

Defn: Converted into a mummy or a mummylike substance; having the
appearance of a mummy; withered.

MUMMIFORM
Mum"mi*form, a. Etym: [Mummy + -form.]

Defn: Having some resemblance to a mummy; -- in zoölogy, said of the
pupæ of certain insects.

MUMMIFY
Mum"mi*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mummified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Mummifying.] Etym: [Mummy + -fy: cf. F. momifier.]

Defn: To embalm and dry as a mummy; to make into, or like, a mummy.
Hall (1646).

MUMMY
Mum"my, n.; pl. Mummies. Etym: [F. momie; cf. Sp. & Pg. momia, It.
mummia; all fr. Per. m, fr. m wax.]

1. A dead body embalmed and dried after the manner of the ancient
Egyptians; also, a body preserved, by any means, in a dry state, from
the process of putrefaction. Bacon.

2. Dried flesh of a mummy. [Obs.] Sir. J. Hill.

3. A gummy liquor that exudes from embalmed flesh when heated; --
formerly supposed to have magical and medicinal properties. [Obs.]
Shak. Sir T. Herbert.

4. A brown color obtained from bitumen. See Mummy brown (below).

5. (Gardening)

Defn: A sort of wax used in grafting, etc.

6. One whose affections and energies are withered. Mummy brown, a
brown color, nearly intermediate in tint between burnt umber and raw
umber. A pigment of this color is prepared from bitumen, etc.,
obtained from Egyptian tombs.
 -- Mummy wheat (Bot.), wheat found in the ancient mummy cases of
Egypt. No botanist now believes that genuine mummy wheat has been
made to germinate in modern times.
 -- To beat to a mummy, to beat to a senseless mass; to beat soundly.

MUMMY
Mum"my, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mummied; p. pr. & vb. n. Mummying.]

Defn: To embalm; to mummify.

MUMMYCHOG
Mum"my*chog, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Mummichog.

MUMP
Mump, v. i. Etym: [Akin to mumble; cf. D. mompen to cheat; perh.
orig., to whine like a beggar, D. mompelen to mumble. See Mumble,
Mum, and cf. Mumps.]

1. To move the lips with the mouth closed; to mumble, as in
sulkiness.
He mumps, and lovers, and hangs the lip. Taylor, 1630.

2. To talk imperfectly, brokenly, or feebly; to chatter
unintelligibly.

3. To cheat; to deceive; to play the beggar.
And then when mumping with a sore leg, ... canting and whining.
Burke.

4. To be sullen or sulky. [Prov. Eng.]

MUMP
Mump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Mumping.]

1. To utter imperfectly, brokenly, or feebly.
Old men who mump their passion. Goldsmith.

2. To work over with the mouth; to mumble; as, to mump food.

3. To deprive of (something) by cheating; to impose upon.

MUMPER
Mump"er, n.

Defn: A beggar; a begging impostor.
Deceived by the tales of a Lincoln's Inn mumper. Macaulay.

MUMPISH
Mump"ish, a.

Defn: Sullen, sulky.
 -- Mump"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Mump"ish*ness, n.

MUMPS
Mumps, n. Etym: [Prov. E. mump to be sulky. Cf. Mump, Mumble, and
Mum.]

1. pl.

Defn: Sullenness; silent displeasure; the sulks. Skinner.

2. Etym: [Prob. so called from the patient's appearance.] (Med.)

Defn: A specific infectious febrile disorder characterized by a
nonsuppurative inflammation of the parotid glands; epidemic or
infectious parotitis.

MUN
Mun, n. Etym: [See Mouth.]

Defn: The mouth. [Obs.]
One a penny, two a penny, hot cross buns, Butter them and sugar them
and put them in your muns. Old Rhyme. Halliwell.

MUNCH
Munch, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Munched; p. pr. & vb. n. Munching.]
Etym: [Prob. akin to mumble: cf. also F. manger to eat (cf. Mange),
and mâcher to cher (cf. Masticate). See Mumble.]

Defn: To chew with a grinding, crunching sound, as a beast chews
provender; to chew deliberately or in large mouthfuls. [Formerly
written also maunch and mounch.]
I could munch your good dry oats. Shak.

MUNCHAUSENISM
Mun*chau"sen*ism, n. Etym: [So called in allusion to Baron
Munchausen's extravagant tales of travel.]

Defn: An extravagant fiction embodying an account of some marvelous
exploit or adventure.

MUNCHER
Munch"er, n.

Defn: One who munches.

MUND
Mund, n.

Defn: See Mun.

MUNDANE
Mun"dane, a. Etym: [L. mundanus, fr. mundus the world, an implement,
toilet adornments, or dress; cf. mundus, a., clean, neat, Skr. mansds
to adorn, dress, mansdsa adornment. Cf. Monde, Mound in heraldry.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the world; worldly; earthly; terrestrial;
as, the mundane sphere.
 -- Mun"dane*ly, adv.
The defilement of mundane passions. I. Taylor.

MUNDANITY
Mun*dan"i*ty, n.

Defn: Worldliness. [Obs.]

MUNDATION
Mun*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. mundatio, fr. mundare to make clean.]

Defn: The act of cleansing. [Obs.]

MUNDATORY
Mun"da*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. mundatorius.]

Defn: Cleansing; having power to cleanse. [Obs.]

MUNDIC
Mun"dic, n.

Defn: Iron pyrites, or arsenical pyrites; -- so called by the Cornish
miners.

MUNDIFICANT
Mun*dif"i*cant, a. Etym: [L. mundificans, p.pr. of mundificare to
make clean, fr. mundus clean + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]

Defn: Serving to cleanse and heal.
 -- n.

Defn: A mundificant ointment or plaster.

MUNDIFICATION
Mun`di*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act or operation of cleansing.

MUNDIFICATIVE
Mun*dif"i*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Cleansing.
 -- n.

Defn: A detergent medicine or preparation.

MUNDIFY
Mun"di*fy, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. mondifier, L. mundificare. See
Mundificant.]

Defn: To cleanse. [Obs.]

MUNDIL
Mun"dil, n.

Defn: A turban ornamented with an imitation of gold or silver
embroidery.

MUNDIVAGANT
Mun*div"a*gant, a. Etym: [L. mundus the world + vagans wandering,
p.pr. of vagari. See Vagary.]

Defn: Wandering over the world. [R.]

MUNDUNGUS
Mun*dun"gus, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. mondongo paunch, tripe, black
pudding.]

Defn: A stinking tobacco.

MUNERARY
Mu"ner*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. munerarius, from munus a gift.]

Defn: Having the nature of a gift. [Obs.]

MUNERATE
Mu"ner*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. muneratus, p.p. of munerare to give,
bestow, fr. munus a gift.]

Defn: To remunerate.

MUNERATION
Mu`ner*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. muneratio.]

Defn: Remuneration. [Obs.]

MUNG
Mung, n. Etym: [Hind. m.] (Bot.)

Defn: Green gram, a kind of pulse (Phaseolus Mungo), grown for food
in British India. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

MUNGA
Mun"ga, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Bonnet monkey, under Bonnet.

MUNGCORN
Mung"corn`, n.

Defn: Same as Mangcorn.

MUNGO
Mun"go, n.

Defn: A fibrous material obtained by deviling rags or the remnants of
woolen goods.

Note: Mungo properly signifies the disintegrated rags of woolen
cloth, as distinguished from those of worsted, which form shoddy. The
distinction is very commonly disregarded. Beck (Draper's Dict. ).

MUNGOOSE; MUNGOOS
Mun"goose, Mun"goos, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Mongoose.

MUNGREL
Mun"grel, n. & a.

Defn: See Mongrel.

MUNICIPAL
Mu*nic"i*pal, a. Etym: [L. municipalis, fr. municipium a town,
particularly in Italy, which possessed the right of Roman
citizenship, but was governed by its own laws, a free town, fr.
municeps an inhabitant of a free town, a free citizen; munia official
duties, functions + capere to take: cf. F. municipal. Cf. Immunity,
and Capacoius.]

1. Of or pertaining to a city or a corporation having the right of
administering local government; as, municipal rights; municipal
officers.

2. Of or pertaining to a state, kingdom, or nation.
Municipal law is properly defined to be a rule of civil conduct
prescribed by the supreme power in a state. Blackstone.

MUNICIPALISM
Mu*nic"i*pal*ism, n.

Defn: Municipal condition.

MUNICIPALITY
Mu*nic`i*pal"i*ty, n.; pl. Municipalities. Etym: [Cf. F.
municipalité.]

Defn: A municipal district; a borough, city, or incorporated town or
village.

MUNICIPALIZE
Mu*nic"i*pal*ize, v. t. [Municipal + -ize.]

Defn: To bring under municipal oversight or control; as, a
municipalized industry.

London people are now determined to centralize and to municipalize
such services.
The Century.

MUNICIPALLY
Mu*nic"i*pal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a municipal relation or condition.

MUNIFIC
Mu*nif"ic, a. Etym: [See Munificent.]

Defn: Munificent; liberal. [Obs. or R.]

MUNIFICATE
Mu*nif"i*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. munificatus, p.p. of munificare to
present with a thing, fr. munificus. See Munificent.]

Defn: To enrich. [Obs.]

MUNIFICENCE
Mu*nif"i*cence, n. Etym: [Cf. L. munire to fortify.]

Defn: Means of defense; fortification. [Obs.] Spenser.

MUNIFICENCE
Mu*nif"i*cence, n. Etym: [L. munificentia: cf. F. munificence.]

Defn: The quality or state of being munificent; a giving or bestowing
with extraordinary liberality; generous bounty; lavish generosity.
The virtues of liberality and munificence. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Benevolence; beneficence; liberality; generosity; bounty;
bounteousness. See Benevolence.

MUNIFICENT
Mu*nif"i*cent, a. Etym: [L. munificus; munus service, gift + -ficare
(in comp.) to make. Cf. Immunity, -fy.]

Defn: Very liberal in giving or bestowing; lavish; as, a munificent
benefactor.
 -- Mu*nif"i*cent*ly, adv.

Syn.
 -- Bounteous; bountiful; liberal; generous.

MUNIFY
Mu"ni*fy, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Munificate.]

Defn: To prepare for defense; to fortify. [Obs.]

MUNIMENT
Mu"ni*ment, n. Etym: [L. munimentum, fr. munire to fortify. See
Munition.]

1. The act of supporting or defending. [Obs.]

2. That which supports or defends; stronghold; place or means of
defense; munition; assistance. "Other muniments and petty helps."
Shak.

3. (Law)

Defn: A record; the evidences or writings whereby a man is enabled to
defend the title to his estate; title deeds and papers. Blount.
Muniment house or room, that room in a cathedral, castle, or other
public building, which is used for keeping the records, charters,
seals, deeds, and the like. Gwilt.

MUNITE
Mu*nite", v. t. Etym: [L. munitus, p.p. of munire to wall, fortify.]

Defn: To fortify; to strengthen. [Obs.]

MUNITION
Mu*ni"tion, n. Etym: [F., munition of war, L. munitio a fortifying,
fortification, fr. munire to fortify, defend with a wall; cf. moenia
walls, murus (for moirus) a wall, and Skr. mi to fix, make firm. Cf.
Ammunition.]

1. Fortification; stronghold. [Obs.]
His place of defense shall be the munitions of rocks. Is. xxxiii. 16.

2. Whatever materials are used in war for drfense or for annoying an
enemy; ammunition; also, stores and provisions; military stores of
all kinds.
The bodies of men, munition, and money, may justly be called the
sinews of war. Sir W. Raleigh.

MUNITY
Mu"ni*ty, n. Etym: [See Immunity.]

Defn: Freedom; security; immunity. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

MUNJEET
Mun*jeet", n. Etym: [Hind. majitsh a drug used for dyeing red.]

Defn: See Indian madder, under Madder.

MUNJISTIN
Mun"jis*tin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An orangered coloring substance resembling alizarin, found in
the root of an East Indian species of madder (Rubia munjista).

MUNNION
Mun"nion, n.

Defn: See Mullion.

MUNTIN; MUNTING
Mun"tin, Mun"ting, n. Etym: [CF. Montant.] (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Mullion; -- especially used in joiner's work.

MUNTJAC
Munt"jac, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small Asiatic deer of the genus
Cervulus, esp. C. muntjac, which occurs both in India and on the East
Indian Islands. [Written also muntjak.]

MUNTZ METAL
Muntz" met`al.

Defn: See under Metal.

MURAENA
Mu*ræ"na, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large eels of the family Mirænidæ. They differ from
the common eel in lacking pectoral fins and in having the dorsal and
anal fins continuous. The murry (Muræna Helenæ) of Southern Europe
was the muræna of the Romans. It is highly valued as a food fish.

MURAENOID; MURENOID
Mu*ræ"noid, Mu*re"noid, a. Etym: [NL. Muræna, the generic name + -
oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the genus Muræna, or family Murænidæ.

MURAGE
Mu"rage, n. Etym: [F., fr. murer to wall, fr. mur wall, L. murus. See
Mure a wall.]

Defn: A tax or toll paid for building or repairing the walls of a
fortified town.

MURAL
Mu"ral, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. muralis, fr. murus wall. See Mure a
wall.]

1. Of or pertaining to a wall; being on, or in, a wall; growing on,
or against, a wall; as, a mural quadrant. "Mural breach." Milton.
"Mural fruit." Evelyn.

2. Resembling a wall; perpendicular or steep; as, a mural precipice.
Mural circle (Astron.), a graduated circle, in the plane of the
meridian, attached permanently to a perpendicular wall; -- used for
measuring arcs of the meridian. See Circle, n., 3.
 -- Mural crown (Rom. Antiq.), a golden crown, or circle of gold
indented so as to resemble a battlement, bestowed on him who first
mounted the wall of a besieged place, and there lodged a standard.

MURDER
Mur"der, n. Etym: [OE. morder, morther, AS. moredhor, fr. moredh
murder; akin to D. moord, OS. moredh, G., Dan., & Sw. mord, Icel.
moredh, Goth. maúrþr, OSlav. mreti to die, Lith. mirti, W. marw dead,
L. mors, mortis, death, mori, moriri, to die, Gr. broto`s (for
mroto`s) mortal, 'a`mbrotos immortal, Skr. mrs to die, mrsta death.
*105. Cf. Amaranth, Ambrosia, Mortal.]

Defn: The offense of killing a human being with malice prepense or
aforethought, express or implied; intentional and unlawful homicide.
"Mordre will out." Chaucer.
The killing of their children had, in the account of God, the guilt
of murder, as the offering them to idols had the guilt of idolatry.
Locke.
Slaughter grows murder when it goes too far. Dryden.

Note: Murder in the second degree, in most jurisdictions, is a
malicious homicide committed without a specific intention to take
life. Wharton.

MURDER
Mur"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Murdered; p. pr. & vb. n. Murdering.]
Etym: [OE. mortheren, murtheren, AS. myr; akin to OHG. murdiren,
Goth. maúr. See Murder, n.]

1. To kill with premediated malice; to kill (a human being)
willfully, deliberately, and unlawfully. See Murder, n.

2. To destroy; to put an end to.
[Canst thou] murder thy breath in middle of a word Shak.

3. To mutilate, spoil, or deform, as if with malice or cruelty; to
mangle; as, to murder the king's English.

Syn.
 -- To kill; assassinate; slay. See Kill.

MURDERER
Mur"der*er, n.

1. One guilty of murder; a person who, in possession of his reason,
unlawfully kills a human being with premeditated malice.

2. A small cannon, formerly used for clearing a ship's decks of
boarders; -- called also murdering piece. [Obs.]

MURDERESS
Mur"der*ess, n.

Defn: A woman who commits murder.

MURDERMENT
Mur"der*ment, n.

Defn: Murder. [Obs.] Farfax.

MURDEROUS
Mur"der*ous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to murder; characterized by, or causing,
murder or bloodshed; having the purpose or quality of murder; bloody;
sanguinary; as, the murderous king; murderous rapine; murderous
intent; a murderous assault. "Murderous coward." Shak.
 -- Mur"der*ous*ly, adv.

Syn.
 -- Bloody; sanguinary; bloodguilty; bloodthirsty; fell; savage;
cruel.

MURDRESS
Mur"dress, n.

Defn: A battlement in ancient fortifications with interstices for
firing through.

MURE
Mure, n. Etym: [L. murus; or F. mur, fr. L. murus. Cf. Munition.]

Defn: A wall. [Obs.] Shak.

MURE
Mure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mured.] Etym: [F. murer, L. murare. See
Mure, n.]

Defn: To inclose in walls; to wall; to immure; to shut up. Spenser.
The five kings are mured in a cave. John. x. (Heading).

MURENGER
Mu"ren*ger, n.

Defn: One who had charge of the wall of a town, or its repairs.

MUREX
Mu"rex, n.; pl. Murices. Etym: [L., the purple fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine gastropods, having rough, and frequently
spinose, shells, which are often highly colored inside; the rock
shells. They abound in tropical seas.

MUREXAN
Mu*rex"an, n. Etym: [From Murexide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A complex nitrogenous substance obtained from murexide,
alloxantin, and other ureids, as a white, or yellowish, crystalline
which turns red on exposure to the air; -- called also uramil,
dialuramide, and formerly purpuric acid.

MUREXIDE
Mu*rex"ide, n. Etym: [L. murex the purple fish, purple.] (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline nitrogenous substance having a splendid
dichroism, being green by reflected light and garnet-red by
transmitted light. It was formerly used in dyeing calico, and was
obtained in a large quantities from guano. Formerly called also
ammonium purpurate.

MUREXOIN
Mu*rex"o*ïn, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A complex nitrogenous compound obtained as a scarlet
crystalline substance, and regarded as related to murexide.

MURIATE
Mu"ri*ate, n. Etym: [See Muriatic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of muriatic hydrochloric acid; a chloride; as, muriate
of ammonia.

Note: This term, as also the word muriatic, was formerly applied to
the chlorides before their true composition was understood, and while
they were erroneously supposed to be compounds of an acid with an
oxide. Muriate and muriatic are still occasionally used as commercial
terms, but are obsolete in scientific language.

MURIATED
Mu"ri*a`ted, a.

1. Put in brine. Evelyn.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined or impregnated with muriatic or hydrochloric acid.

3. (Photog.)

Defn: Prepared with chloride of silver through the agency of common
salt.

MURIATIC
Mu`ri*at"ic, a. Etym: [L. muriaticus pickled, from muria brine: cf.
F. muriatique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, sea salt, or from
chlorine, one of the constituents of sea salt; hydrochloric. Muriatic
acid, hydrochloric acid, HCl; -- formerly called also marine acid,
and spirit of salt. See hydrochloric, and the Note under Muriate.

MURIATIFEROUS
Mu`ri*a*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Muriatic + -ferous.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: Producing muriatic substances or salt. [Obs.]

MURICATE; MURICATED
Mu"ri*cate, Mu"ri*ca`ted, a. Etym: [L. muricatus, fr. murex a pointed
rock or stone.]

Defn: Formed with sharp points; full of sharp points or of pickles;
covered, or roughened, as a surface, with sharp points or
excrescences.

MURICOID
Mu"ri*coid, a. Etym: [Murex + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the genus Murex, or family Muricidæ.

MURICULATE
Mu*ric"u*late, a.

Defn: Minutely muricate.

MURIDE
Mu"ride, n. Etym: [L. muria brine.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: Bromine; -- formerly so called from its being obtained from sea
water.

MURIFORM
Mu"ri*form, a. Etym: [L. murus a wall + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling courses of bricks or stones in squareness and
regular arrangement; as, a muriform variety of cellular tissue.

MURINE
Mu"rine, a. Etym: [L. murinus, from mus, muris, mouse: cf. F. murin.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to a family of rodents (Muridæ), of which the mouse
is the type.

MURINE
Mu"rine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of rodents, of which the mouse is the type.

MURINGER
Mu"rin*ger, n.

Defn: See Murenger. Jacob.

MURK
Murk, a. Etym: [See Murky.]

Defn: Dark; murky.
He can not see through the mantle murk. J. R. Drake.

MURK
Murk, n.

Defn: Darkness; mirk. [Archaic] Shak.

MURK
Murk, n.

Defn: The refuse of fruit, after the juice has been expressed; marc.

MURKILY
Murk"i*ly, adv.

Defn: Darkly; gloomily.

MURKINESS
Murk"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being murky.

MURKY
Murk"y, a. [Compar. Murkier; superl. Murkiest.] Etym: [OE. mirke,
merke, AS. myrce, mirce; akin to Icel. myrkr, Dan. & Sw. mörk.]

Defn: Dark; obscure; gloomy. "The murkiest den." Shak.
A murky deep lowering o'er our heads. Addison.

MURLINS
Mur"lins, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A seaweed. See Baddrelocks.

MURMUR
Mur"mur, n. Etym: [F. murmure: cf. L. murmur. CF. Murmur, v. i.]

1. A low, confused, and indistinct sound, like that of running water.

2. A complaint half suppressed, or uttered in a low, muttering voice.
Chaucer.
Some discontents there are, some idle murmurs. Dryden.

MURMUR
Mur"mur, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Murmured; p. pr. & vb. n. Murmuring.]
Etym: [F. murmurer, L. murmurare, murmurari, fr. murmur murmur; cf.
Gr.marmara a rustling sound; prob. of imitative origin.]

1. To make a low continued noise, like the hum of bees, a stream of
water, distant waves, or the wind in a forest.
They murmured as doth a swarm of bees. Chaucer.

2. To utter complaints in a low, half-articulated voice; to feel or
express dissatisfaction or discontent; to grumble; -- often with at
or against. "His disciples murmured at it." John vi. 61.
And all the children of Israel murmured against Moses and against
Aaron. Num. xiv. 2.
Neither murmur ye, as some of them also murmured. 1 Cor. x. 10.

MURMUR
Mur"mur, v. t.

Defn: To utter or give forth in low or indistinct words or sounds;
as, to murmur tales. Shak.
The people murmured such things concerning him. John vii. 32.

MURMURATION
Mur`mur*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. murmuratio.]

Defn: The act of murmuring; a murmur. [Obs.] Skelton.

MURMURER
Mur"mur*er, n.

Defn: One who murmurs.

MURMURING
Mur"mur*ing, a. & n.

Defn: Uttering murmurs; making low sounds; complaining.
 -- Mur"mur*ing*ly, adv.

MURMUROUS
Mur"mur*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. L. murmuriosus, OF. murmuros.]

Defn: Attended with murmurs; exciting murmurs or complaint;
murmuring. [Archaic or Poetic]
The lime, a summer home of murmurous wings. Tennyson.

MURNIVAL
Mur"ni*val, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. F. mornifle a game at cards.]

Defn: In the game of gleek, four cards of the same value, as four
aces or four kings; hence, four of anything. [Obs.] [Written also
mournival.]

MURPHY
Mur"phy, n.

Defn: A potato. [Humorous] Thackeray.

MURR
Murr, n. Etym: [Prob. abbrev. from murrain.]

Defn: A catarrh. [Obs.] Gascoigne.

MURRAIN
Mur"rain, n. Etym: [OE. moreine, OF. morine, fr. OF. morir, murir,
8die, L. mori, moriri.] (Far.)

Defn: An infectious and fatal disease among cattle. Bacon. A murrain
on you, may you be afflicted with a pestilent disease. Shak.

MURRAIN
Mur"rain, a.

Defn: Having, or afflicted with, murrain.

MURRAYIN
Mur"ray*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside found in the flowers of a plant (Murraya exotica)
of South Asia, and extracted as a white amorphous slightly bitter
substance.

MURRE
Murre, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of sea birds of the genus Uria, or
Catarractes; a guillemot.

Note: The murres are allied to the auks, and are abundant on the
northern coasts of Europe and America. They often breed in large
communities on the projecting ledges of precipituous cliffs, laying
one or two large eggs on the bare rocks.

MURRELET
Murre"let, n. Etym: [Murre + -let.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of sea birds of the genera
Synthliboramphus and Brachyramphus, inhabiting the North Pacific.
They are closely related to the murres.

MURREY
Mur"rey, n. Etym: [OF. morée a dark red color, mor blackish brown,
fr. L. morum mulberry, blackberry, or fr. Maurus a Moor. Cf.
Mulberry, Moor, Morelle.]

Defn: A dark red color.
 -- a.

Defn: Of a dark red color. Bacon.

MURRHINE
Mur"rhine, a. Etym: [L. murrhinus, fr. murrha: cf. F. murrhin.]

Defn: Made of the stone or material called by the Romans murrha; --
applied to certain costly vases of great beauty and delicacy used by
the luxurious in Rome as wine cups; as, murrhine vases, cups,
vessels. Murrhine glass, glassware made in imitation of murrhine
vases and cups.

MURRION
Mur"ri*on, a. Etym: [See Murrain.]

Defn: Infected with or killed by murrain. [Obs.] Shak.

MURRION
Mur"ri*on, n.

Defn: A morion. See Morion.

MURRY
Mur"ry, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Muræna.

MURTH
Murth, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Plenty; abundance. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

MURTHER
Mur"ther, n. & v.

Defn: Murder, n. & v. [Obs. or Prov.] "The treason of the
murthering." Chaucer.

MURTHERER
Mur"ther*er, n.

Defn: A murderer. [Obs. or Prov.]

MURZA
Mur"za, n.

Defn: One of the hereditary nobility among the Tatars, esp. one of
the second class.

Note: This word must not be confounded with the Persian Mirza, though
perhaps of the same origin.

MUS
Mus, n.; pl. Mures. Etym: [L., a mouse.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small rodents, including the common mouse and rat.

MUSA
Mu"sa, n.; pl. Musæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Ar. mauz, mauza, banana.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of perennial, herbaceous, endogenous plants of great
size, including the banana (Musa sapientum), the plantain (M.
paradisiaca of Linnæus, but probably not a distinct species), the
Abyssinian (M. Ensete), the Philippine Island (M. textilis, which
yields Manila hemp), and about eighteen other species. See Illust. of
Banana and Plantain.

MUSACEOUS
Mu*sa"ceous, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, plants of the genus Musa.

MUSAL
Mus"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Muses, or to Poetry. [R.]

MUSANG
Mu*sang", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small animal of Java (Paradoxirus fasciatus), allied to the
civets. It swallows, but does not digest, large quantities of ripe
coffee berries, thus serving to disseminate the coffee plant; hence
it is called also coffee rat.

MUSAR
Mu"sar, n.

Defn: An itinerant player on the musette, an instrument formerly
common in Europe.

MUSARD
Mu"sard, n. Etym: [F., fr. muser to loiter, trifle. See Muse, v. i.]

Defn: A dreamer; an absent-minded person. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

MUSCA
Mus"ca, n.; pl. Muscæ. Etym: [L., a fly.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of dipterous insects, including the common house fly,
and numerous allied species.

Note: Formerly, a large part of the Diptera were included under the
genus Musca.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A small constellation situated between the Southern Cross and
the Pole. Muscæ volitantes (. Etym: [L., flying flies.] (Med.) Specks
or filaments apparently seen moving or glinding about in the field of
vision. Their appearance is often a symptom of disease of the eye, or
of disorder of the nervous system.

MUSCADEL
Mus"ca*del`, n. Etym: [It. moscadello, moscatello, LL. muscatellum or
muscadellum (sc. vinum), fr. muscatellus nutmeglike, dim. of muscatus
smelling like musk, muscatum and muscata (sc. nux) nutmeg: cf. F.
muscadelle, fr. Italian. See Musk and cf. Moschatel, Muscardin,
Muscat, Nutmeg.]

Defn: See Muscatel, n.
Quaffed off the muscadel. Shak.

MUSCADINE
Mus"ca*dine, n. Etym: [See Muscadel.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several very different kinds of grapes, but in
America used chiefly for the scuppernong, or southern fox grape,
which is said to be the parent stock of the Catawba. See Grapevine.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A fragrant and delicious pear.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Muscardin. Northern muscadine (Bot.), a derivative of the
northern fox grape, and scarcely an improvement upon it.
 -- Royal muscadine (Bot.), a European grape of great value. Its
berries are large, round, and of a pale amber color. Called also
golden chasselas.

MUSCALES
Mus*ca"les, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. muscus moss.] (Bot.)

Defn: An old name for mosses in the widest sense, including the true
mosses and also hepaticæ and sphagna.

MUSCALLONGE
Mus"cal*longe, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Muskellunge.

MUSCARDIN
Mus"car*din, n. Etym: [F., fr. muscadin a musk-scented lozenge, fr.
muscade nutmeg, fr. L. muscus musk. See Muscadel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common European dormouse; -- so named from its odor.
[Written also muscadine.]

MUSCARDINE
Mus`car*dine", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A disease which is very destructive to silkworms, and which
sometimes extends to other insects. It is attended by the development
of a fungus (provisionally called Botrytis bassiana). Also, the
fungus itself.

MUSCARIFORM
Mus*car"i*form, a. Etym: [L. muscarium fly brush + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of a brush.

MUSCARIN
Mus*ca"rin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A solid crystalline substance, C5H13NO2, found in the toadstool
(Agaricus muscarius), and in putrid fish. It is a typical ptomaine,
and a violent poison.

MUSCAT
Mus"cat, n. Etym: [F. See Muscadel.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several varieties of Old World grapes,
differing in color, size, etc., but all having a somewhat musky
flavor. The muscat of Alexandria is a large oval grape of a pale
amber color. [Written also muskat.]

MUSCATEL
Mus"ca*tel`, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, or derived from, a muscat
grapes or similar grapes; a muscatel grapes; muscatel wine, etc.

MUSCATEL
Mus"ca*tel`, n.

1. A common name for several varieties of rich sweet wine, made in
Italy, Spain, and France.

2. pl.

Defn: Finest raisins, dried on the vine; "sun raisins." [Variously
written moscatel, muscadel, etc.]

MUSCHELKALK
Musch"el*kalk`, n. Etym: [G., from muschel shell + kalk limestone.]
(Geol.)

Defn: A kind of shell limestone, whose strata form the middle one of
the three divisions of the Triassic formation in Germany. See Chart,
under Geology.

MUSCI
Mus"ci, n. pl. Etym: [L. muscus moss.] (Bot.)

Defn: An order or subclass of cryptogamous plants; the mosses. See
Moss, and Cryptogamia.

MUSCICAPINE
Mus*cic"a*pine, a. Etym: [L. musca a fly + capere to catch.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Muscicapidæ, a family of birds that
includes the true flycatchers.

MUSCID
Mus"cid, n.

Defn: Any fly of the genus Musca, or family Muscidæ.

MUSCIFORM
Mus"ci*form, a. Etym: [Musca + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the form or structure of flies of the genus Musca, or
family Muscidæ.

MUSCIFORM
Mus"ci*form, a. Etym: [Muscus + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the appearance or form of a moss.

MUSCLE
Mus"cle, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. musculus a muscle, a little mouse, dim.
of mus a mouse. See Mouse, and cf. sense 3 (below).]

1. (Anat.)
(a) An organ which, by its contraction, produces motion. See Illust.
of Muscles of the Human Body, in Appendix.
(b) The contractile tissue of which muscles are largely made up.

Note: Muscles are of two kinds, striated and nonstriated. The
striated muscles, which, in most of the higher animals, constitute
the principal part of the flesh, exclusive of the fat, are mostly
under the control of the will, or voluntary, and are made up of great
numbers of elongated fibres bound together into bundles and inclosed
in a sheath of connective tissue, the perimysium. Each fiber is
inclosed in a delicate membrane (the sarcolemma), is made up of
alternate segments of lighter and darker material which give it a
transversely striated appearance, and contains, scattered through its
substance, protoplasmic nuclei, the so-called muscle corpuscles. The
nonstriated muscles are involuntary. They constitute a large part of
the walls of the alimentary canal, blood vessels, uterus, and
bladder, and are found also in the iris, skin, etc. They are made up
of greatly elongated cells, usually grouped in bundles or sheets.

2. Muscular strength or development; as, to show one's muscle by
lifting a heavy weight. [Colloq.]

3. Etym: [AS. muscle, L. musculus a muscle, mussel. See above.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: See Mussel. Muscle curve (Physiol.), contraction curve of a
muscle; a myogram; the curve inscribed, upon a prepared surface, by
means of a myograph when acted upon by a contracting muscle. The
character of the curve represents the extent of the contraction.

MUSCLED
Mus"cled, a.

Defn: Furnished with muscles; having muscles; as, things well
muscled.

MUSCLE READING
Mus"cle read`ing.

Defn: The art of making discriminations between objects of choice, of
discovering the whereabouts of hidden objects, etc., by inference
from the involuntary movements of one whose hand the reader holds or
with whom he is otherwise in muscular contact.

MUSCLING
Mus"cling, n. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Exhibition or representation of the muscles. [R.]
A good piece, the painters say, must have good muscling, as well as
coloring and drapery. Shaftesbury.

MUSCOGEES
Mus*co"gees, n. pl.

Defn: See Muskogees.

MUSCOID
Mus"coid, a. Etym: [Muscus + -oid: cf. F. muscoide.] (Bot.)

Defn: Mosslike; resembling moss.

MUSCOID
Mus"coid, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A term formerly applied to any mosslike flowerless plant, with
a distinct stem, and often with leaves, but without any vascular
system.

MUSCOLOGY
Mus*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Muscus + -logy.]

Defn: Bryology.

MUSCOSITY
Mus*cos"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. muscosus mossy, fr. muscus moss.]

Defn: Mossiness. Jonhson.

MUSCOVADO
Mus`co*va"do, a. Etym: [Corrupted fr. Sp. mascabado; cf. Pg.
mascavado, F. moscouade, n., formerly also mascovade, It. mascavato.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, unrefined or raw sugar,
obtained from the juice of the sugar cane by evaporating and draining
off the molasses. Muscovado sugar contains impurities which render it
dark colored and moist.

MUSCOVADO
Mus`co*va"do, n.

Defn: Unrefined or raw sugar.

MUSCOVITE
Mus"co*vite, n. Etym: [See Muscovy glass.]

1. A native or inhabitant of Muscovy or ancient Russia; hence, a
Russian.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Common potash mica. See Mica.

MUSCOVY DUCK
Mus"co*vy duck`. Etym: [A corruption of musk duck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A duck (Cairina moschata), larger than the common duck, often
raised in poultry yards. Called also musk duck. It is native of
tropical America, from Mexico to Southern Brazil.

MUSCOVY GLASS
Mus"co*vy glass`. Etym: [From Muscovy, the old name of Russia: cf. F.
verre de Moscovie.]

Defn: Mica; muscovite. See Mica.

MUSCULAR
Mus"cu*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. musculaire. See Muscle.]

1. Of or pertaining to a muscle, or to a system of muscles;
consisting of, or constituting, a muscle or muscles; as, muscular
fiber.
Great muscular strength, accompanied by much awkwardness. Macaulay.

2. Performed by, or dependent on, a muscle or the muscles. "The
muscular motion." Arbuthnot.

3. Well furnished with muscles; having well-developed muscles;
brawny; hence, strong; powerful; vigorous; as, a muscular body or
arm. Muscular Christian, one who believes in a part of religious duty
to maintain a healthful and vigorous physical state. T. Hughes.
 -- Muscular CHristianity. (a) The practice and opinion of those
Christians who believe that it is a part of religious duty to
maintain a vigorous condition of the body, and who therefore approve
of athletic sports and exercises as conductive to good health, good
morals, and right feelings in religious matters. T. Hughes. (b) An
active, robust, and cheerful Christian life, as opposed to a
meditative and gloomy one. C. Kingsley.
 -- Muscular excitability (Physiol.), that property in virtue of
which a muscle shortens, when it is stimulated; irritability.
 -- Muscular sense (Physiol.), muscular sensibility; the sense by
which we obtain knowledge of the condition of our muscles and to what
extent they are contracted, also of the position of the various parts
of our bodies and the resistance offering by external objects.

MUSCULARITY
Mus`cu*lar"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being muscular. Grew.

MUSCULARIZE
Mus"cu*lar*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make muscular. Lowell.

MUSCULARLY
Mus"cu*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a muscular manner.

MUSCULATION
Mus`cu*la"tion, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The muscular system of an animal, or of any of its parts.

MUSCULATURE
Mus"cu*la*ture, n. Etym: [Cf. F. musculature.] (Anat.)

Defn: Musculation.

MUSCULE
Mus"cule, n. Etym: [L. musculus: cf. F. muscule.] (Mil.)

Defn: A long movable shed used by besiegers in ancient times in
attacking the walls of a fortified town.

MUSCULIN
Mus"cu*lin, n. Etym: [L. musculus a muscle.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: See Syntonin.

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS
Mus`cu*lo*cu*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. musculus + E. cutaneous.]
(Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining both to muscles and skin; as, the musculocutaneous
nerve.

MUSCULOPHRENIC
Mus`cu*lo*phren"ic, a. Etym: [L. musculus muscle + E. phrenic.]
(Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the muscles and the diaphragm; as, the
musculophrenic artery.

MUSCULOSITY
Mus`cu*los"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being musculous; muscularity. [Obs.]

MUSCULOSPIRAL
Mus`cu*lo*spi"ral, a. Etym: [L. musculus muscle + E. spiral.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the muscles, and taking a spiral course; --
applied esp. to a large nerve of the arm.

MUSCULOUS
Mus"cu*lous, a. Etym: [L. musculosus: cf. F. musculeux.]

Defn: Muscular. [Obs.] Jonhson.

MUSE
Muse, n. Etym: [From F. musse. See Muset.]

Defn: A gap or hole in a hedge, hence, wall, or the like, through
which a wild animal is accustomed to pass; a muset.
Find a hare without a muse. Old Prov.

MUSE
Muse, n. Etym: [F. Muse, L. Musa, Gr. Mosaic, n., Music.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: One of the nine goddesses who presided over song and the
different kinds of poetry, and also the arts and sciences; -- often
used in the plural.
Granville commands; your aid, O Muses, bring: What Muse for Granville
can refuse to sing Pope.

Note: The names of the Muses were Calliope, Clio, Erato, Euterpe,
Melpomene, Polymnia or Polyhymnia, Terpsichore, Thalia, and Urania.

2. A particular power and practice of poetry. Shak.

3. A poet; a bard. [R.] Milton.

MUSE
Muse, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Mused; p. pr. & vb. n. Musing.] Etym: [F.
muser to loiter or trifle, orig., to stand with open mouth, fr. LL.
musus, morsus, muzzle, snout, fr. L. morsus a biting, bite, fr.
mordere to bite. See Morsel, and cf. Amuse, Muzzle, n.]

1. To think closely; to study in silence; to meditate. "Thereon mused
he." Chaucer.
He mused upon some dangerous plot. Sir P. Sidney.

2. To be absent in mind; to be so occupied in study or contemplation
as not to observe passing scenes or things present; to be in a brown
study. Daniel.

3. To wonder. [Obs.] Spenser. B. Jonson.

Syn.
 -- To consider; meditate; ruminate. See Ponder.

MUSE
Muse, v. t.

1. To think on; to meditate on.
Come, then, expressive Silence, muse his praise. Thomson.

2. To wonder at. [Obs.] Shak.

MUSE
Muse, n.

1. Contemplation which abstracts the mind from passing scenes;
absorbing thought; hence, absence of mind; a brown study. Milton.

2. Wonder, or admiration. [Obs.] Spenser.

MUSEFUL
Muse"ful, a.

Defn: Meditative; thoughtfully silent. "Museful mopings." Dryden.
 -- Muse"ful*ly, adv.

MUSELESS
Muse"less, a.

Defn: Unregardful of the Muses; disregarding the power of poetry;
unpoetical. Milton.

MUSER
Mus"er, n.

Defn: One who muses.

MUSET
Mu"set, n. Etym: [OF. mussette, dim. of musse, muce, a hiding place,
fr. F. musser, OF. mucier, muchier, to conceal, hide. Cf. Micher.]

Defn: A small hole or gap through which a wild animal passes; a muse.
Shak.

MUSETTE
Mu*sette", n. Etym: [F., dim. of OF. muse.]

1. A small bagpipe formerly in use, having a soft and sweet tone.

2. An air adapted to this instrument; also, a kind of rustic dance.

MUSEUM
Mu*se"um, n. Etym: [L., a temple of the Muses, hence, a place of
study, fr. Gr.

Defn: A repository or a collection of natural, scientific, or
literary curiosities, or of works of art. Museum beetle, Museum pest.
(Zoöl.) See Anthrenus.

MUSH
Mush, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. mus, muss, pap, porridge, any thick
preparation of fruit, OHG. muos; akin to AS. & OS. mos food, and
prob, to E. meat. See Meat.]

Defn: Meal (esp. Indian meal) boiled in water; hasty pudding; supawn.
[U.S.]

MUSH
Mush, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. moucheter to cut with small cuts.]

Defn: To notch, cut, or indent, as cloth, with a stamp.

MUSHROOM
Mush"room, n. Etym: [OE. muscheron, OF. mouscheron, F. mousseron;
perhaps fr. mousse moss, of German origin. See Moss.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) An edible fungus (Agaricus campestris), having a white stalk
which bears a convex or oven flattish expanded portion called the
pileus. This is whitish and silky or somewhat scaly above, and bears
on the under side radiating gills which are at first flesh-colored,
but gradually become brown. The plant grows in rich pastures and is
proverbial for rapidity of growth and shortness of duration. It has a
pleasant smell, and is largely used as food. It is also cultivated
from spawn.
(b) Any large fungus, especially one of the genus Agaricus; a
toadstool. Several species are edible; but many are very poisonous.

2. One who rises suddenly from a low condition in life; an upstart.
Bacon.

MUSHROOM
Mush"room, a.

1. Of or pertaining to mushrooms; as, mushroom catchup.

2. Resembling mushrooms in rapidity of growth and shortness of
duration; short-lived; ephemerial; as, mushroom cities. Mushroom
anchor, an anchor shaped like a mushroom, capable of grasping the
ground in whatever way it falls.
 -- Mushroom coral (Zoöl.), any coral of the genus Fungia. See
Fungia.
 -- Mushroom spawn (Bot.), the mycelium, or primary filamentous
growth, of the mushroom; also, cakes of earth and manure containing
this growth, which are used for propagation of the mushroom.

MUSHROOM-HEADED
Mush"room-head`ed, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a cylindrical body with a convex head of larger
diameter; having a head like that of a mushroom.

MUSHY
Mush"y, a.

Defn: Soft like mush; figuratively, good-naturedly weak and effusive;
weakly sentimental.
She 's not mushy, but her heart is tender. G. Eliot.

MUSIC
Mu"sic, n. Etym: [F. musique, fr. L. musica, Gr.

1. The science and the art of tones, or musical sounds, i.e., sounds
of higher or lower pitch, begotten of uniform and synchronous
vibrations, as of a string at various degrees of tension; the science
of harmonical tones which treats of the principles of harmony, or the
properties, dependences, and relations of tones to each other; the
art of combining tones in a manner to please the ear.

Note: Not all sounds are tones. Sounds may be unmusical and yet
please the ear. Music deals with tones, and with no other sounds. See
Tone.

2.
(a) Melody; a rhythmical and otherwise agreeable succession of tones.
(b) Harmony; an accordant combination of simultaneous tones.

3. The written and printed notation of a musical composition; the
score.

4. Love of music; capacity of enjoying music.
The man that hath ni music in himself Nor is not moved with concord
of sweet sounds, Is fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils. Shak.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A more or less musical sound made by many of the lower animals.
See Stridulation. Magic music, a game in which a person is guided in
finding a hidden article, or in doing a specific art required, by
music which is made more loud or rapid as he approaches success, and
slower as he recedes. Tennyson.
 -- Music box. See Musical box, under Musical.
 -- Music hall, a place for public musical entertainments.
 -- Music loft, a gallery for musicians, as in a dancing room or a
church.
 -- Music of the spheres, the harmony supposed to be produced by the
accordant movement of the celestial spheres.
 -- Music paper, paper ruled with the musical staff, for the use of
composers and copyists.
 -- Music pen, a pen for ruling at one time the five lines of the
musical staff.
 -- Music shell (Zoöl.), a handsomely colored marine gastropod shell
(Voluta musica) found in the East Indies; -- so called because the
color markings often resemble printed music. Sometimes applied to
other shells similarly marked.
 -- To face the music, to meet any disagreeable necessity without
flinching. [Colloq. or Slang]

MUSICAL
Mu"sic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. musical.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to music; having the qualities of music; or
the power of producing music; devoted to music; melodious;
harmonious; as, musical proportion; a musical voice; musical
instruments; a musical sentence; musical persons. Musical, or Music,
box, a box or case containing apparatus moved by clockwork so as to
play certain tunes automatically.
 -- Musical fish (Zoöl.), any fish which utters sounds under water,
as the drumfish, grunt, gizzard shad, etc.
 -- Musical glasses, glass goblets or bowls so tuned and arranged
that when struck, or rubbed, they produce musical notes. CF.
Harmonica, 1.

MUSICAL
Mu"sic*al, n.

1. Music. [Obs.]
To fetch home May with their musical. Spenser.

2. A social entertainment of which music is the leading feature; a
musical party. [Colloq.]

MUSICALE
Mu`si`cale", n. Etym: [F. Cf. Soirée musicale.]

Defn: A social musical party. [Colloq.]

MUSICALLY
Mu"sic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a musical manner.

MUSICALNESS
Mu"sic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being musical.

MUSIC DRAMA
Mu"sic dra`ma.

Defn: An opera in which the text and action are not interrupted by
set arias, duets, etc., the music being determined throughout by
dramatic appropriateness; musical drama of this character, in
general. It involves the use of a kind of melodious declamation, the
development of leitmotif, great orchestral elaboration, and a fusion
of poetry, music, action, and scene into an organic whole. The term
is applied esp. to the later works of Wagner: "Tristan und Isolde,"
"Die Meistersinger," "Rheingold," "Walküre," "Siegfried,"
"Götterdämmerung," and "Parsifal."

MUSIC HALL
Music hall.

Defn: A place for public musical entertainments; specif. (Eng.), esp.
a public hall for vaudeville performances, in which smoking and
drinking are usually allowed in the auditorium.

MUSICIAN
Mu*si"cian, n. Etym: [F. musicien.]

Defn: One skilled in the art or science of music; esp., a skilled
singer, or performer on a musical instrument.

MUSICOMANIA
Mu`si*co*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Music + mania: cf. F. musicomanie.]
(Med.)

Defn: A kind of monomania in which the passion for music becomes so
strong as to derange the intellectual faculties. Dunglison.

MUSIMON
Mus"i*mon, n. Etym: [See Musmon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Mouflon.

MUSINGLY
Mus"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a musing manner.

MUSIT
Mu"sit, n.

Defn: See Muset.

MUSK
Musk, n. Etym: [F. musc, L. muscus, Per. musk, fr. Skr. mushka
testicle, orig., a little mouse. See Mouse, and cd. Abelmosk,
Muscadel, Muscovy duck, Nutmeg.]

1. A substance of a reddish brown color, and when fresh of the
consistence of honey, obtained from a bag being behind the navel of
the male musk deer. It has a slightly bitter taste, but is specially
remarkable for its powerful and enduring odor. It is used in medicine
as a stimulant antispasmodic. The term is also applied to secretions
of various other animals, having a similar odor.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The musk deer. See Musk deer (below).

3. The perfume emitted by musk, or any perfume somewhat similar.

4. (Bot.)
(a) The musk plant (Mimulus moschatus).
(b) A plant of the genus Erodium (E. moschatum); -- called also musky
heron's-bill.
(c) A plant of the genus Muscari; grape hyacinth. Musk beaver
(Zoöl.), muskrat (1).
 -- Musk beetle (Zoöl.), a European longicorn beetle (Aromia
moschata), having an agreeable odor resembling that of attar of
roses.
 -- Musk cat. See Bondar.
 -- Musk cattle (Zoöl.), musk oxen. See Musk ox (below).
 -- Musk deer (Zoöl.), a small hornless deer (Moschus moschiferus),
which inhabits the elevated parts of Central Asia. The upper canine
teeth of the male are developed into sharp tusks, curved downward.
The male has scent bags on the belly, from which the musk of commerce
is derived. The deer is yellow or red-brown above, whitish below. The
pygmy musk deer are chevrotains, as the kanchil and napu.
 -- Musk duck. (Zoöl.) (a) The Muscovy duck. (b) An Australian duck
(Biziura lobata).
 -- Musk lorikeet (Zoöl.), the Pacific lorikeet (Glossopsitta
australis) of Australia.
 -- Musk mallow (Bot.), a name of two malvaceous plants: (a) A
species of mallow (Malva moschata), the foliage of which has a faint
musky smell. (b) An Asiatic shrub. See Abelmosk.
 -- Musk orchis (Bot.), a European plant of the Orchis family
(Herminium Minorchis); -- so called from its peculiar scent.
 -- Musk ox (Zoöl.), an Arctic hollow-horned ruminant (Ovibos
moschatus), now existing only in America, but found fossil in Europe
and Asia. It is covered with a thick coat of fine yellowish wool, and
with long dark hair, which is abundant and shaggy on the neck and
shoulders. The full-grown male weighs over four hundred pounds.
 -- Musk parakeet. (Zoöl.) Same as Musk lorikeet (above).
 -- Musk pear (Bot.), a fragrant kind of pear much resembling the
Seckel pear.
 -- Musk plant (Bot.), the Mimulus moschatus, a plant found in
Western North America, often cultivated, and having a strong musky
odor.
 -- Musk root (Bot.), the name of several roots with a strong odor,
as that of the nard (Nardostachys Jatamansi) and of a species of
Angelica.
 -- Musk rose (Bot.), a species of rose (Rosa moschata), having
peculiarly fragrant white blossoms.
 -- Musk seed (Bot.), the seed of a plant of the Mallow family
(Hibiscus moschatus), used in perfumery and in flavoring. See
Abelmosk.
 -- Musk sheep (Zoöl.), the musk ox.
 -- Musk shrew (Zoöl.), a shrew (Sorex murinus), found in India. It
has a powerful odor of musk. Called also sondeli, and mondjourou.
 -- Musk thistle (Bot.), a species of thistle (Carduus nutans),
having fine large flowers, and leaves smelling strongly of musk.
 -- Musk tortoise, Musk turtle (Zoöl.), a small American fresh-water
tortoise (Armochelys, or Ozotheca, odorata), which has a distinct
odor of musk; -- called also stinkpot.

MUSK
Musk, v. t.

Defn: To perfume with musk.

MUSKADEL
Mus"ka*del`, n.

Defn: See Muscadel.

MUSKAT
Mus"kat, n.

Defn: See Muscat.

MUSKELLUNGE
Mus"kel*lunge, n. Etym: [From the Amer. Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large American pike (Esox nobilitor) found in the Great
Lakes, and other Northern lakes, and in the St. Lawrence River. It is
valued as a food fish. [Written also maskallonge, maskinonge,
muskallonge, muskellonge, and muskelunjeh.]

MUSKET
Mus"ket, n. Etym: [F. mousquet, It. moschetto, formerly, a kind of
hawk; cf. OF. mousket, moschet, a kind of hawk falcon, F. mouchet,
prop., a little fly (the hawk prob. being named from its size), fr.
L. musca a fly. Cf. Mosquito.] [Sometimes written also musquet.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male of the sparrow hawk.

2. A species of firearm formerly carried by the infantry of an army.
It was originally fired by means of a match, or matchlock, for which
several mechanical appliances (including the flintlock, and finally
the percussion lock) were successively substituted. This arm has been
generally superseded by the rifle.

MUSKETEER
Mus`ket*eer", n. Etym: [F. mousquetaire; cf. It. moschettiere.]

Defn: A soldier armed with a musket.

MUSKETO
Mus*ke"to, n.

Defn: See Mosquito.

MUSKETOON
Mus`ket*oon", n. Etym: [F. mousqueton; cf. It. moschettone.]

1. A short musket.

2. One who is armed with such a musket.

MUSKETRY
Mus"ket*ry, n. Etym: [F. mousqueterie; cf. It. moschetteria.]

1. Muskets, collectively.

2. The fire of muskets. Motley.

MUSKINESS
Musk"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being musky; the scent of musk.

MUSKMELON
Musk"mel`on, n. Etym: [Musk + melon.] (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of a cucubritaceous plant (Cicumis Melo), having a
peculiar aromatic flavor, and cultivated in many varieties, the
principal sorts being the cantaloupe, of oval form and yellowish
flesh, and the smaller nutmeg melon with greenish flesh. See Illust.
of Melon.

MUSKOGEES
Mus*ko"gees, n. pl.; sing. Muskogee (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A powerful tribe of North American Indians that formerly
occupied the region of Georgia, Florida, and Alabama. They
constituted a large part of the Creek confederacy. [Written also
Muscogees.]

MUSKRAT
Musk"rat`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A North American aquatic fur-bearing rodent (Fiber zibethicus).
It resembles a rat in color and having a long scaly tail, but the
tail is compressed, the bind feet are webbed, and the ears are
concealed in the fur. It has scent glands which secrete a substance
having a strong odor of musk. Called also musquash, musk beaver, and
ondatra.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The musk shrew.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The desman.

MUSKWOOD
Musk"wood`, n. Etym: [So called from its fragrance.] (Bot.)
(a) The wood of a West Indian tree of the Mahogany family
(Moschoxylum Swartzii).
(b) The wood of an Australian tree (Eurybia argophylla).

MUSKY
Musk"y, a.

Defn: Having an odor of musk, or somewhat the like. Milton.

MUSLIM
Mus"lim, n.

Defn: See Moslem.

MUSLIN
Mus"lin, n. Etym: [F. mousseline; cf. It. mussolino, mussolo, Sp.
muselina; all from Mussoul a city of Mesopotamia, Ar. Mausil, Syr.
Mauzol, Muzol, Mosul, where it was first manufactured. Cf. Mull a
kind of cloth.]

Defn: A thin cotton, white, dyed, or printed. The name is also
applied to coarser and heavier cotton goods; as, shirting and
sheeting muslins. Muslin cambric. See Cambric.
 -- Muslin delaine, a light woolen fabric for women's dresses. See
Delaine. [Written also mousseline de laine.]

MUSLINET
Mus`lin*et", n. Etym: [F. mousselinette.]

Defn: A sort of coarse or light cotton cloth.

MUSMON
Mus"mon, n. Etym: [L. musmo, musimo, a Sardinian animal; cf. Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: See Mouflon.

MUSOMANIA
Mu`so*ma"ni*a, n.

Defn: See Musicomania.

MUSQUASH
Mus"quash, n. Etym: [American Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Muskrat. Musquash root (Bot.), an umbelliferous plant
(Cicuta maculata), having a poisonous root. See Water hemlock.

MUSQUAW
Mus"quaw, n. Etym: [American Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American black bear. See Bear.

MUSQUET
Mus"quet, n.

Defn: See Musket.

MUSQUITO
Mus*qui"to, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Mosquito.

MUSROLE; MUSROL
Mus"role, Mus"rol, n. Etym: [F. muserolle, fr. muserau a muzzle, OF.
musel. See Muzzle.]

Defn: The nose band of a horse's bridle.

MUSS
Muss, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. mousche a fly, also, the play called muss,
fr. L. musca a fly.]

Defn: A scramble, as when small objects are thrown down, to be taken
by those who can seize them; a confused struggle. Shak.

MUSS
Muss, n.

Defn: A state of confusion or disorder; -- prob. variant of mess, but
influenced by muss, a scramble. [Colloq. U.S.]

MUSS
Muss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mussed; p. pr. & vb. n. Mussing.]

Defn: To disarrange, as clothing; to rumple. [Colloq. U.S.]

MUSS
Muss, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. mus a mouse. See Mouse.]

Defn: A term of endearment. [Obs.] See Mouse. B. Jonson.

MUSSEL
Mus"sel, n. Etym: [See Muscle, 3.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of many species of marine bivalve shells of the genus
Mytilus, and related genera, of the family Mytidæ. The common mussel
(Mytilus edulis; see Illust. under Byssus), and the larger, or horse,
mussel (Modiola modiolus), inhabiting the shores both of Europe and
America, are edible. The former is extensively used as food in
Europe.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of Unio, and related fresh-water
genera; -- called also river mussel. See Naiad, and Unio. Mussel
digger (Zoöl.), the grayback whale. See Gray whale, under Gray.

MUSSITATION
Mus`si*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. mussitatio suppression of the voice, fr.
mussitare to be silent, to murmur.]

Defn: A speaking in a low tone; mumbling. [Obs.]

MUSSITE
Mus"site, n. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of pyroxene, from the Mussa Alp in Piedmont;
diopside.

MUSSULMAN
Mus"sul*man, n.; pl. Mussulmans. Etym: [Ar. muslimin, pl. of muslim:
cf. F. & Sp. musulman. See Moslem.]

Defn: A Mohammedan; a Moslem.

MUSSULMANIC
Mus`sul*man"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, the Mussulmans, or their customs:
Mohammedan.

MUSSULMANISH
Mus"sul*man*ish, a.

Defn: Mohammedan.

MUSSULMANISM
Mus"sul*man*ism, n.

Defn: Mohammedanism.

MUSSULMANLY
Mus"sul*man*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of Moslems.

MUSSY
Muss"y, a. Etym: [From 2d Muss.]

Defn: Disarranged; rumpled. [Colloq. U.S.]

MUST
Must, v. i. or auxiliary. Etym: [OE. moste, a pret. generally
meaning, could, was free to, pres. mot, moot, AS. moste, pret. mot,
pres.; akin to D. moetan to be obliged, OS. motan to be free, to be
obliged, OHG. muozan, G. müssen to be obliged, Sw. måste must, Goth.
gamotan to have place, have room, to able; of unknown origin.]

1. To be obliged; to be necessitated; -- expressing either physical
or moral necessity; as, a man must eat for nourishment; we must
submit to the laws.

2. To be morally required; to be necessary or essential to a certain
quality, character, end, or result; as, he must reconsider the
matter; he must have been insane.
Likewise must the deacons be grave. 1 Tim. iii. 8.
Morover, he [a bishop] must have a good report of them which are
without. 1 Tim. iii. 7.

Note: The principal verb, if easy supplied by the mind, was formerly
often omitted when must was used; as, I must away. "I must to
Coventry." Shak.

MUST
Must, n. Etym: [AS. must, fr. L. mustum (sc. vinum), from mustus
young, new, fresh. Cf. Mustard.]

1. The expressed juice of the grape, or other fruit, before
fermentation. "These men ben full of must." Wyclif (Acts ii. 13. ).
No fermenting must fills ... the deep vats. Longfellow.

2. Etym: [Cf. Musty.]

Defn: Mustiness.

MUST
Must, v. t. & i.

Defn: To make musty; to become musty.

MUSTAC
Mus"tac, n. Etym: [F. moustac.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small tufted monkey.

MUSTACHE
Mus*tache", n.; pl. Mustaches (. [Written also moustache.] Etym: [F.
moustache, It. mostaccio visage, mostacchio mustache, fr. Gr.
mostacho.]

1. That part of the beard which grows on the upper lip; hair left
growing above the mouth.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African monkey (Cercopithecus cephus). It has yellow
whiskers, and a triangular blue mark on the nose.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any conspicuous stripe of color on the side of the head,
beneath the eye of a bird.

MUSTACHO
Mus*ta"cho, n.; pl. Mustachios (.

Defn: A mustache. Longfellow.

MUSTACHOED
Mus*ta"choed, a.

Defn: Having mustachios.

MUSTAHFIZ
Mus`tah"fiz`, n. [Turk. & Ar. mustahsfizs who trusts to another's
keeping, a soldier of a garrison.]

Defn: See Army organization, above.

MUSTAIBA
Mus`ta*i"ba, n.

Defn: A close-grained, neavy wood of a brownish color, brought from
Brazil, and used in turning, for making the handles of tools, and the
like. [Written also mostahiba.] MaElrath.

MUSTANG
Mus"tang, n. Etym: [Sp. musteño belonging to the graziers, strayed,
wild.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The half-wild horse of the plains in Mexico, California, etc.
It is small, hardy, and easily sustained. Mustard grape (Bot.), a
species of grape (Vitis candicans), native in Arkansas and Texas. The
berries are small, light-colored, with an acid skin and a sweet pulp.

MUSTARD
Mus"tard, n. Etym: [OF. moustarde, F. moutarde, fr. L. mustum must, -
- mustard was prepared for use by being mixed with must. See Must,
n.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several cruciferous plants of the genus Brassica
(formerly Sinapis), as white mustard (B. alba), black mustard (B.
Nigra), wild mustard or charlock (B. Sinapistrum).

Note: There are also many herbs of the same family which are called
mustard, and have more or less of the flavor of the true mustard; as,
bowyer's mustard (Lepidium ruderale); hedge mustard (Sisymbrium
officinale); Mithridate mustard (Thlaspi arvense); tower mustard
(Arabis perfoliata); treacle mustard (Erysimum cheiranthoides).

2. A powder or a paste made from the seeds of black or white mustard,
used as a condiment and a rubefacient. Taken internally it is
stimulant and diuretic, and in large doses is emetic. Mustard oil
(Chem.), a substance obtained from mustard, as a transparent,
volatile and intensely pungent oil. The name is also extended to a
number of analogous compounds produced either naturally or
artificially.

MUSTEE
Mus*tee", n.

Defn: See Mestee.

MUSTELINE
Mus"te*line, a. Etym: [L. mustelinus, fr. mustela weasel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the family Mustelidæ, or the weasels and
martens.

MUSTER
Mus"ter, n. Etym: [OE. moustre, OF. mostre, moustre, F. montre, LL.
monstra. See Muster, v. t.]

1. Something shown for imitation; a pattern. [Obs.]

2. A show; a display. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

3. An assembling or review of troops, as for parade, verification of
numbers, inspection, exercise, or introduction into service.
The hurried muster of the soldiers of liberty. Hawthorne.
See how in warlike muster they appear, In rhombs, and wedges, and
half-moons, and wings. Milton.

4. The sum total of an army when assembled for review and inspection;
the whole number of effective men in an army.
And the muster was thirty thousands of men. Wyclif.
Ye publish the musters of your own bands, and proclaim them to amount
of thousands. Hooker.

5. Any assemblage or display; a gathering.
Of the temporal grandees of the realm, mentof their wives and
daughters, the muster was great and splendid. Macaulay.
Muster book, a book in which military forces are registred.
 -- Muster file, a muster roll.
 -- Muster master (Mil.), one who takes an account of troops, and of
their equipment; a mustering officer; an inspector. [Eng.] -- Muster
roll (Mil.), a list or register of all the men in a company, troop,
or regiment, present or accounted for on the day of muster.
 -- To pass muster, to pass through a muster or inspection without
censure.
Such excuses will not pass muster with God. South.

MUSTER
Mus"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mustered; p. pr. & vb. n. Mustering.]
Etym: [OE. mustren, prop., to show, OF. mostrer, mustrer, moustrer,
monstrer, F. montrer, fr. L. monstrare to show. See Monster.]

1. To collect and display; to assemble, as troops for parade,
inspection, exercise, or the like. Spenser.

2. Hence: To summon together; to enroll in service; to get together.
"Mustering all its force." Cowper.
All the gay feathers he could muster. L'Estrange.
To muster troops into service (Mil.), to inspect and enter troops on
the muster roll of the army.
 -- To muster troops out of service (Mil.), to register them for
final payment and discharge.
 -- To muster up, to gather up; to succeed in obtaining; to obtain
with some effort or difficulty.
One of those who can muster up sufficient sprightliness to engage in
a game of forfeits. Hazlitt.

MUSTER
Mus"ter, v. i.

Defn: To be gathered together for parade, inspection, exercise, or
the like; to come together as parts of a force or body; as, his
supporters mustered in force. "The mustering squadron." Byron.

MUSTILY
Mus"ti*ly, a.

Defn: In a musty state.

MUSTINESS
Mus"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being musty.

MUSTY
Mus"ty, a. [Compar. Mustier; superl. Mustiest.] Etym: [From L. mustum
must; or perh. fr. E. moist. Cf. Must, n., Moist.]

1. Having the rank, pungent, offencive odor and taste which
substances of organic origin acquire during warm, moist weather; foul
or sour and fetid; moldy; as, musty corn; musty books. Harvey.

2. Spoiled by age; rank; stale.
The proverb is somewhat musty. Shak.

3. Dull; heavy; spiritless. "That he may not grow musty and unfit for
conversation." Addison.

MUTABILITY
Mu`ta*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. mutabilitas: cf. F. mutabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being mutable, or subject to change or
alteration, either in form, state, or essential character;
susceptibility of change; changeableness; inconstancy; variation.
Plato confessed that the heavens and the frame of the world are
corporeal, and therefore subject to mutability. Stillingfleet.

MUTABLE
Mu"ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. mutabilis, fr. mutare to change. See Move.]

1. Capable of alteration; subject to change; changeable in form,
qualities, or nature.
Things of the most accidental and mutable nature. South.

2. Changeable; inconstant; unsettled; unstable; fickle. "Most mutable
wishes." Byron.

Syn.
 -- Changeable; alterable; unstable; unsteady; unsettled; wavering;
inconstant; variable; fickle.

MUTABLENESS
Mu"ta*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being mutable.

MUTABLY
Mu"ta*bly, adv.

Defn: Changeably.

MUTACISM
Mu"ta*cism, n.

Defn: See Mytacism.

MUTAGE
Mu"tage, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A process for checking the fermentation of the must of grapes.

MUTANDUM
Mu*tan"dum, n.; pl. Mutanda. Etym: [L., fr. mutare to change.]

Defn: A thing which is to be changed; something which must be
altered; -- used chiefly in the plural.

MUTATION
Mu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. mutatio, fr. mutare to change: cf. F.
mutation. See Mutable.]

Defn: Change; alteration, either in form or qualities.
The vicissitude or mutations in the superior globe are no fit matter
for this present argument. Bacon.

MUTCH
Mutch, n. Etym: [Cf. D. mutse a cap, G. mütze. Cf. Amice a cape.]

Defn: The close linen or muslin cap of an old woman. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]

MUTCHKIN
Mutch"kin, n.

Defn: A liquid measure equal to four gills, or an imperial pint.
[Scot.]

MUTE
Mute, v. t. Etym: [L. mutare to change. See Molt.]

Defn: To cast off; to molt.
Have I muted all my feathers Beau. & Fl.

MUTE
Mute, v. t. & i. Etym: [F. mutir, émeutir, OF. esmeltir, fr. OD.
smelten, prop., to melt. See Smelt.]

Defn: To eject the contents of the bowels; -- said of birds. B.
Jonson.

MUTE
Mute, n.

Defn: The dung of birds. Hudibras.

MUTE
Mute, a. Etym: [L. mutus; cf. Gr. m bound, m dumb: cf. OE. muet, fr.
F. muet, a dim. of OF. mu, L. mutus.]

1. Not speaking; uttering no sound; silent.
All the heavenly choir stood mute, And silence was in heaven. Milton.

Note: In law a prisoner is said to stand mute, when, upon being
arranged, he makes no answer, or does not plead directly, or will not
put himself on trial.

2. Incapable of speaking; dumb. Dryden.

3. Not uttered; unpronounced; silent; also, produced by complete
closure of the mouth organs which interrupt the passage of breath; --
said of certain letters. See 5th Mute, 2.

4. Not giving a ringing sound when struck; -- said of a metal. Mute
swan (Zoöl.), a European wild white swan (Cygnus gibbus), which
produces no loud notes.

Syn.
 -- Silent; dumb; speechless.
 -- Mute, Silent, Dumb. One is silent who does not speak; one is dumb
who can not, for want of the proper organs; as, a dumb beast, etc.;
and hence, figuratively, we speak of a person as struck dumb with
astonishment, etc. One is mute who is held back from speaking by some
special cause; as, he was mute through fear; mute astonishment, etc.
Such is the case with most of those who never speak from childhood;
they are not ordinarily dumb, but mute because they are deaf, and
therefore never learn to talk; and hence their more appropriate name
is deaf-mutes.
They spake not a word; But, like dumb statues, or breathing stones,
Gazed each on other. Shak.
All sat mute, Pondering the danger with deep thoughts. Milton.

MUTE
Mute, n.

1. One who does not speak, whether from physical inability,
unwillingness, or other cause. Specifically:
(a) One who, from deafness, either congenital or from early life, is
unable to use articulate language; a deaf-mute.
(b) A person employed by undertakers at a funeral.
(c) A person whose part in a play does not require him to speak.
(d) Among the Turks, an officer or attendant who is selected for his
place because he can not speak.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: A letter which represents no sound; a silent letter; also, a
close articulation; an element of speech formed by a position of the
mouth organs which stops the passage of the breath; as, p, b, d, k,
t.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A little utensil made of brass, ivory, or other material, so
formed that it can be fixed in an erect position on the bridge of a
violin, or similar instrument, in order to deaden or soften the tone.

MUTE-HILL
Mute"-hill`, n.

Defn: See Moot-hill. [Scot.]

MUTELY
Mute"ly, adv.

Defn: Without uttering words or sounds; in a mute manner; silently.

MUTENESS
Mute"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being mute; speechlessness.

MUTESSARIF
Mu*tes`sa*rif", n. [Turk. & Ar. muteçarif freely disposing of
anything, master.]

Defn: In Turkey, an administrative authority of any of certain
sanjaks. They are appointed directly by the Sultan.

MUTESSARIFAT
Mu*tes`sa*ri*fat", n. [Turk. & Ar. muteçarifah office of a
mutessarif.]

Defn: In Turkey, a sanjak whose head is a mutessarif.

MUTIC; MUTICOUS
Mu"tic, Mu"ti*cous, a. Etym: [L. muticus, for mutilus. See Mutilate.]
(Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Without a point or pointed process; blunt.

MUTILATE
Mu"ti*late, a. Etym: [L. mutilatus, p.p. of mutilare to mutilate, fr.
mutilus maimed; cf. Gr. Mutton.]

1. Deprived of, or having lost, an important part; mutilated. Sir T.
Browne.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having finlike appendages or flukes instead of legs, as a
cetacean.

MUTILATE
Mu"ti*late, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cetacean, or a sirenian.

MUTILATE
Mu"ti*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mutilated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Mutilating.]

1. To cut off or remove a limb or essential part of; to maim; to
cripple; to hack; as, to mutilate the body, a statue, etc.

2. To destroy or remove a material part of, so as to render
imperfect; as, to mutilate the orations of Cicero.
Among the mutilated poets of antiquity, there is none whose fragments
are so beautiful as those of Sappho. Addison.
Mutilated gear, Mutilated wheel (Mach.), a gear wheel from a portion
of whose periphery the cogs are omitted. It is used for giving
intermittent movements.

MUTILATION
Mu`ti*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. mutilatio: cf. F. mutilation.]

Defn: The act of mutilating, or the state of being mutilated;
deprivation of a limb or of an essential part.

MUTILATOR
Mu"ti*la"tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mutilateur.]

Defn: One who mutilates.

MUTILOUS
Mu"ti*lous, a. Etym: [L. mutilus. See Mutilate.]

Defn: Mutilated; defective; imperfect. [Obs.]

MUTINE
Mu"tine, n. Etym: [F. mutin.]

Defn: A mutineer. [Obs.]

MUTINE
Mu"tine, v. i. Etym: [F. mutiner.]

Defn: To mutiny. [Obs.]

MUTINEER
Mu"ti*neer`, n. Etym: [See Mutiny.]

Defn: One guilty of mutiny.

MUTING
Mut"ing, n.

Defn: Dung of birds.

MUTINOUS
Mu"ti*nous, a. Etym: [See Mutiny.]

Defn: Disposed to mutiny; in a state of mutiny; characterized by
mutiny; seditious; insubordinate.
The city was becoming mutinous. Macaulay.
-- Mu"ti*nous*ly, adv.
 -- Mu"ti*nous*ness, n.

MUTINY
Mu"ti*ny, n.; pl. Mutinies. Etym: [From mutine to mutiny, fr. F. se
mutiner, fr. F. mutin stubborn, mutinous, fr. OF. meute riot, LL.
movita, fr. movitus, for L. motus, p.p. of movere to move. See Move.]

1. Insurrection against constituted authority, particularly military
or naval authority; concerted revolt against the rules of discipline
or the lawful commands of a superior officer; hence, generally,
forcible resistance to rightful authority; insubordination.
In every mutiny against the discipline of the college, he was the
ringleader. Macaulay.

2. Violent commotion; tumult; strife. [Obs.]
o raise a mutiny betwixt yourselves. Shak.
Mutiny act (Law), an English statute reënacted annually to punish
mutiny and desertion. Wharton.

Syn.
 -- See Insurrection.

MUTINY
Mu"ti*ny, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Mutinied; p. pr. & vb. n. Mutinying.]

1. To rise against, or refuse to obey, lawful authority in military
or naval service; to excite, or to be guilty of, mutiny or mutinous
conduct; to revolt against one's superior officer, or any rightful
authority.

2. To fall into strifle; to quarrel. [Obs.] Shak.

MUTISM
Mut"ism, n.

Defn: The condition, state, or habit of being mute, or without
speech. Max Müller.

MUTOSCOPE
Mu"to*scope, n. [L. mutare to change + -scope.]

Defn: A simple form of moving-picture machine in which the series of
views, exhibiting the successive phases of a scene, are printed on
paper and mounted around the periphery of a wheel. The rotation of
the wheel brings them rapidly into sight, one after another, and the
blended effect gives a semblance of motion.

MUTTER
Mut"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Muttered; p. pr. & vb. n. Muttering.]
Etym: [Prob. of imitative origin; cf. L. muttire, mutire.]

1. To utter words indistinctly or with a low voice and lips partly
closed; esp., to utter indistinct complains or angry expressions; to
grumble; to growl.
Wizards that peep, and that mutter. Is. viii. 19.
Meantime your filthy foreigner will stare, And mutter to himself.
Dryden.

2. To sound with a low, rumbling noise.
Thick lightings flash, the muttering thunder rolls. Pope.

MUTTER
Mut"ter, v. t.

Defn: To utter with imperfect articulations, or with a low voice; as,
to mutter threats. Shak.

MUTTER
Mut"ter, n.

Defn: Repressing or obscure utterance.

MUTTERER
Mut"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who mutters.

MUTTERINGLY
Mut"ter*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With a low voice and indistinct articulation; in a muttering
manner.

MUTTON
Mut"ton, n. Etym: [OE. motoun, OF. moton, molton, a sheep, wether, F.
mouton, LL. multo, by transposition of l fr. L. mutilus mutilated.
See Mutilate.]

1. A sheep. [Obs.] Chapman.
Not so much ground as will feed a mutton. Sir H. Sidney.
Muttons, beeves, and porkers are good old words for the living
quadrupeds. Hallam.

2. The flesh of a sheep.
The fat of roasted mutton or beef. Swift.

3. A loose woman; a prostitute. [Obs.] Mutton bird (Zoöl.), the
Australian short-tailed petrel (Nectris brevicaudus).
 -- Mutton chop, a rib of mutton for broiling, with the end of the
bone at the smaller part chopped off.
 -- Mutton fish (Zoöl.), the American eelpout. See Eelpout.
 -- Mutton fist, a big brawny fist or hand. [Colloq.] Dryden.
 -- Mutton monger, a pimp [Low & Obs.] Chapman.
 -- To return to one's muttons. Etym: [A translation of a phrase from
a farce by De Brueys, revenons à nos moutons let us return to our
sheep.] To return to one's topic, subject of discussion, etc.
[Humorous]
I willingly return to my muttons. H. R. Haweis.

MUTTONY
Mut"ton*y, a.

Defn: Like mutton; having a flavor of mutton.

MUTUAL
Mu"tu*al, a. Etym: [F. mutuel, L. mutuus, orig., exchanged, borrowed,
lent; akin to mutare to change. See Mutable.]

1. Reciprocally acting or related; reciprocally receiving and giving;
reciprocally given and received; reciprocal; interchanged; as, a
mutual love, advantage, assistance, aversion, etc.
Conspiracy and mutual promise. Sir T. More.
Happy in our mutual help, And mutual love. Milton.
A certain shyness on such subjects, which was mutual between the
sisters. G. Eliot.

2. Possessed, experienced, or done by two or more persons or things
at the same time; common; joint; as, mutual happiness; a mutual
effort. Burke.
A vast accession of misery and woe from the mutual weeping, and
wailing, and gnashing of teeth. Bentley.

Note: This use of mutual as synonymous with common is inconsistent
with the idea of interchange, or reciprocal relation, which properly
belongs to it; but the word has been so used by many writers of high
authority. The present tendency is toward a careful discrimination.
Mutual, as Johnson will tell us, means something reciprocal, a giving
and taking. How could people have mutual ancestors P. Harrison.
Mutual insurance, agreement among a number of persons to insure each
other against loss, as by fire, death, or accident.
 -- Mutual insurance company, one which does a business of insurance
on the mutual principle, the policy holders sharing losses and
profits pro rata.

Syn.
 -- Reciprocal; interchanged; common.

MUTUALISM
Mu"tu*al*ism, n. (Ethics)

Defn: The doctrine of mutual dependence as the condition of
individual and social welfare. F. Harrison. H. Spencer. Mallock.

MUTUALITY
Mu`tu*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mutualité.]

1. The quality of correlation; reciprocation; interchange;
interaction; interdependence.

2. (Law)

Defn: Reciprocity of consideration. Wharton.

MUTUALLY
Mu"tu*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a mutual manner.

MUTUARY
Mu"tu*a*ry, n. Etym: [L. mutuarius mutual.See Mutuation.] (Law)

Defn: One who borrows personal chattels which are to be consumed by
him, and which he is to return or repay in kind. Bouvier.

MUTUATION
Mu`tu*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. mutuatio, fr. mutuare, mutuari, to borrow,
fr. mutuus. See Mutual.]

Defn: The act of borrowing or exchanging. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

MUTULE
Mu"tule, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. mutulus.] (Arch.)

Defn: A projecting block worked under the corona of the Doric corice,
in the same situation as the modillion of the Corinthian and
Composite orders. See Illust. of Gutta. Oxf. Gloss.

MUX
Mux, n. Etym: [Cf. Mixen.]

Defn: Dirt; filth; muck. [Prov. Eng.] ose.

MUX
Mux, v. t.

Defn: To mix in an unitidy and offensive way; to make a mess of.
[Prov. Eng.; Colloq. U.S.]

MUXY
Mux"y, a.

Defn: Soft; sticky, and dirty. [Prov. Eng.] See Mucky.

MUZARAB
Muz"a*rab, n. Etym: [Sp. mozarabe, fr. Ar. mosta'rib, a name applied
to strange tribes living among the Arabs.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a denomination of Christians formerly living under the
government of the Moors in Spain, and having a liturgy and ritual of
their own. [Written also Mozarab, Mostarab.] Brande & C.

MUZARABIC
Muz`a*rab"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Muzarabs; as, the Muzarabic liturgy.
[Written also Mozarabic.]

MUZZINESS
Muz"zi*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being muzzy.

MUZZLE
Muz"zle, n. Etym: [OE. mosel, OF. musel, F. museau muzzle or snout,
LL. musellus, fr. musus, morsus. See Muse, v. i., and cf. Morsel.]

1. The projecting mouth and nose of a quadruped, as of a horse; a
snout.

2. The mouth of a thing; the end for entrance or discharge; as, the
muzzle of a gun.

3. A fastening or covering (as a band or cage) for the mouth of an
animal, to prevent eating or vicious biting.
With golden muzzles all their mouths were bound Dryden.
Muzzle sight. (Gun.) See Dispart, n., 2.

MUZZLE
Muz"zle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Muzzled; p. pr. & vb. n. Muzzling.]
Etym: [F. museler.]

1. To bind the mouth of; to fasten the mouth of, so as to prevent
biting or eating; hence, figuratively, to bind; to sheathe; to
restrain from speech or action. "My dagger muzzled." Shak.
Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth out the corn. Deut.
xxv. 4.

2. To fondle with the closed mouth. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

MUZZLE
Muz"zle, v. i.

Defn: To bring the mouth or muzzle near.
The bear muzzles and smels to him. L'Estrange.

MUZZLE-LOADER
Muz"zle-load`er, n.

Defn: A firearm which receives its charge through the muzzle, as
distinguished from one which is loaded at the breech.

MUZZLE-LOADING
Muz"zle-load`ing, a.

Defn: Receiving its charge through the muzzle; as, a muzzle-loading
rifle.

MUZZY
Muz"zy, a. Etym: [Cf. F. muse.]

Defn: Absent-minded; dazed; muddled; stupid.
The whole company stared at me with a whimsical, muzzy look, like men
whose senses were a little obfuscated by beer rather then wine. W.
Irving.

MY
My, a. & poss. pron. Etym: [OE. mi, fr. min. See Mine, and cf., for
loss of n, A, a., An, a.]

Defn: Of or belonging to me; -- used always attributively; as, my
body; my book; -- mine is used in the predicate; as, the book is
mine. See Mine.

MYA
My"a, n. Etym: [L. mya a kind of mussel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of bivalve mollusks, including the common long, or
soft-shelled, clam.

MYALGIA
My*al"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Pain in the muscles; muscular rheumatism or neuralgia.

MYALL WOOD
My*all" wood`. (Bot.)

Defn: A durable, fragrant, and dark-colored Australian wood, used by
the natives for spears. It is obtained from the small tree Acacia
homolophylla.

MYARIA
My*a"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of bivalve mollusks of which the common clam (Mya)
is the type.

MYCELIUM
My*ce"li*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. my`khs a mushroom.] (Bot.)

Defn: The white threads or filamentous growth from which a mushroom
or fungus is developed; the so-called mushroom spawn.
 -- My*ce"li*al, a.

MYCELOID
Myc"e*loid, a. Etym: [Mycelium + -oid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling mycelium.

MYCETES
My*ce"tes, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. mykhth`s a bellower, fr. myka^sqai
to bellow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of South American monkeys, including the howlers. See
Howler, 2, and Illust.

MYCETOID
Myc"e*toid, Etym: [Gr. my`khs, -htos, a fungus + -oid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling a fungus.

MYCETOZOA
My*ce`to*zo"a, n. pl. [NL.; Gr. , , fungus +  pl. of  an animal.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The Myxomycetes; -- so called by those who regard them as a
class of animals. -- My*ce`to*zo"an (#), a.

MYCODERMA
My`co*der"ma, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. my`khs a fungus + de`rma skin.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: One of the forms in which bacteria group themselves; a more or
less thick layer of motionless but living bacteria, formed by the
bacteria uniting on the surface of the fluid in which they are
developed. This production differs from the zoöloea stage of bacteria
by not having the intermediary mucous substance.

2. A genus of microörganisms of which the acetic ferment (Mycoderma
aceti), which converts alcoholic fluids into vinegar, is a
representative. Cf. Mother.

MYCOLOGIC; MYCOLOGICAL
My`co*log"ic, My`co*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or relating to mycology, or the fungi.

MYCOLOGIST
My*col"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in, or who studies, mycology.

MYCOLOGY
My*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. my`khs fungus + -logy.]

Defn: That branch of botanical science which relates to the musgrooms
and other fungi.

MYCOMELIC
My`co*mel"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (spirious) mucus) + (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid of
the alloxan group, obtained as a honey-yellow powder. Its solutions
have a gelatinous consistency.

MYCOPROTEIN
My`co*pro"te*in, n. Etym: [Gr. (spirious) mucus) + E. protein.]
(Biol.)

Defn: The protoplasmic matter of which bacteria are composed.

MYCOSE
My"cose, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A variety of sugar, isomeric with sucrose and obtained from
certain lichens and fungi. Called also trehalose. [Written also
mykose.]

MYCOTHRIX
Myc"o*thrix, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (spurious) mucus) + (Biol.)

Defn: The chain of micrococci formed by the division of the
micrococci in multiplication.

MYDALEINE
My*da"le*ine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A toxic alkaloid (ptomaine) obtained from putrid flesh and from
herring brines. As a poison it is said to execute profuse diarrhoea,
vomiting, and intestinal inflammation. Brieger.

MYDATOXIN
Myd`a*tox"in, n. Etym: [Gr. toxic + in.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous amido acid, C6H13NO2, separated by Brieger from
decaying horseflesh. In physiological action, it is similar to
curare.

MYDAUS
Myd"a*us, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The teledu.

MYDRIASIS
My*dri"a*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Physiol. & Med.)

Defn: A long-continued or excessive dilatation of the pupil of the
eye.

MYDRIATIC
Myd`ri*at"ic, a.

Defn: Causing dilatation of the pupil.
 -- n.

Defn: A mydriatic medicine or agent, as belladonna.

MYELENCEPHALA
My`e*len*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Myelencephalon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Vertebrata.

MYELENCEPHALIC
My`e*len`ce*phal"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the myelencephalon; cerebro-spinal.

MYELENCEPHALON
My`e*len*ceph"a*lon, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. encephalon.] (Anat.)
(a) The brain and spinal cord; the cerebro-spinal axis; the neuron.
Sometimes abbreviated to myelencephal.
(b) The metencephalon. Huxley.

MYELENCEPHALOUS
My`e*len*ceph"a*lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Myelencephala.

MYELIN
My"e*lin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)
(a) A soft white substance constituting the medullary sheats of nerve
fibers, and composed mainly of cholesterin, lecithin, cerebrin,
albumin, and some fat.
(b) One of a group of phosphorized principles occurring in nerve
tissue, both in the brain and nerve fibers.

MYELITIS
My`e*li"tis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the spinal marrow or its membranes.

MYELOCOELE
My"e*lo*coele`, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The central canal of the spinal cord.

MYELOGENIC
My`e*lo*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Derived from, or pertaining to, the bone marrow.

MYELOID
My"e*loid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resembling marrow in appearance or consistency; as, a myeloid
tumor.

MYELOIDIN
My`e*loid"in, n. Etym: [Myelin + -oid + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A substance, present in the protoplasm of the retinal
epithelium cells, and resembling, if not identical with, the
substance (myelin) forming the medullary sheaths of nerve fibers.

MYELON
My"e*lon, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The spinal cord. (Sometimes abbrev. to myel.)

MYELONAL
My"e*lo`nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the myelon; as, the myelonal, or spinal,
nerves.

MYELONEURA
My`e*lo*neu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Vertebrata.

MYELOPLAX
My*el"o*plax, n.; pl. E. Myeloplaxes, L. Myeloplaces. Etym: [NL., fr.
Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the huge multinucleated cells found in the marrow of
bone and occasionally in other parts; a giant cell. See Osteoclast.

MYGALE
Myg"a*le, n. Etym: [L., a field mouse, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of very large hairy spiders having four lungs and only
four spinnerets. They do not spin webs, but usually construct tubes
in the earth, which are often furnished with a trapdoor. The South
American bird spider (Mygale avicularia), and the crab spider, or
matoutou (M. cancerides) are among the largest species. Some of the
species are erroneously called tarantulas, as the Texas tarantula (M.
Hentzii).

MYKISS
My"kiss, n. [Russ. muikize, prob. fr. a native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A salmon (Salmo mykiss, syn. S. purpuratus) marked with black
spots and a red throat, found in most of the rivers from Alaska to
the Colorado River, and in Siberia; -- called also black-spotted
trout, cutthroat trout, and redthroat trout.

MYLODON
Myl"o*don, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of large slothlike American edentates, allied
to Megatherium.

MYLOHYOID
My`lo*hy"oid, a. Etym: [Gr. hyoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or in the region of, the lower jaw and the hyoid
apparatus; as, the mylohyoid nerve.

MYNA
My"na, n. Etym: [See Mino bird.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of Asiatic starlings of the genera
Acridotheres, Sturnopastor, Sturnia, Gracula, and allied genera. In
habits they resemble the European starlings, and like them are often
caged and taught to talk. See Hill myna, under Hill, and Mino bird.
[Spelt also mynah.]

MYNCHEN
Myn"chen, n. Etym: [AS. mynecen, fr. munec monk. See Monk.]

Defn: A nun. [Obs.]

MYNCHERY
Myn"cher*y, n.

Defn: A nunnery; -- a term still applied to the ruins of certain
nunneries in England.

MYNHEER
Myn*heer", n. Etym: [D. mijnheer.]

Defn: The Dutch equivalent of Mr. or Sir; hence, a Dutchman.

MYO-
My"o-.

Defn: A combining form of Gr. muscle; as, myograph, myochrome.

MYOCARDITIS
My`o*car*di"tis, n. Etym: [NL. see Myocardium.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the myocardium.

MYOCARDIUM
My`o*car"di*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The main substance of the muscular wall of the heart inclosed
between the epicardium and endocardium.

MYOCHROME
My"o*chrome, n. Etym: [Myo- + Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A colored albuminous substance in the serum from red-colored
muscles. It is identical with hemoglobin.

MYOCOMMA
My`o*com"ma, n.; pl. L. Myocommata, E. Myocommas. Etym: [NL. See Myo-
, and Comma.] (Anat.)

Defn: A myotome.

MYODYNAMICS
My`o*dy*nam"ics, n. Etym: [Myo- + dynamics.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The department of physiology which deals with the principles of
muscular contraction; the exercise of muscular force or contraction.

MYODYNAMIOMETER
My`o*dy*na`mi*om"e*ter, n.

Defn: A myodynamometer.

MYODYNAMOMETER
My`o*dy`na*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Myo- + E. dynamometer.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the muscular strength of man or of
other animals; a dynamometer. Dunglison.

MYOEPITHELIAL
My`o*ep`i*the"li*al, a. Etym: [Myo- + epithelial.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Derived from epithelial cells and destined to become a part of
the muscular system; -- applied to structural elements in certain
embryonic forms.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the characteristics of both muscle and epithelium; as,
the myoepithelial cells of the hydra.

MYOGALID
My*og"a*lid, n. Etym: [Myo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Myogalodæ, a family of Insectivora, including the
desman, and allied species.

MYOGRAM
My"o*gram, n. Etym: [Myo- + -gram.] (Physiol.)

Defn: See Muscle curve, under Muscle.

MYOGRAPH
My"o*graph, n. Etym: [Myo- + -graph.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for determining and recording the different
phases, as the intensity, velocity, etc., of a muscular contraction.

MYOGRAPHIC; MYOGRAPHICAL
My`o*graph"ic, My`o*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to myography.

MYOGRAPHY
My*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. myographie.]

Defn: The description of muscles, including the study of muscular
contraction by the aid of registering apparatus, as by some form of
myograph; myology.

MYOHAEMATIN
My`o*hæm"a*tin, n. Etym: [Myo- + hæmatin.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A red-colored respiratory pigment found associated with
hemoglobin in the muscle tissue of a large number of animals, both
vertebrate and invertebrate.

MYOID
My"oid, a. Etym: [Myo- + -oid.]

Defn: Composed of, or resembling, muscular fiber.

MYOLEMMA
My`o*lem"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Sarcolemma.

MYOLIN
My"o*lin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: The essential material of muscle fibers.

MYOLOGIC; MYOLOGICAL
My`o*log"ic, My`o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to myology.

MYOLOGIST
My*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One skilled in myology.

MYOLOGY
My*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Myo- + -logy: cf. F. myologie.]

Defn: That part of anatomy which treats of muscles.

MYOMA
My*o"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Myo-, and -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A tumor consisting of muscular tissue.

MYOMANCY
My"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by the movements of mice.

MYOMORPH
My"o*morph, n.

Defn: One of the Myomorpha.

MYOMORPHA
My`o*mor"pha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive group of rodents which includes the rats, mice,
jerboas, and many allied forms.

MYOPATHIA
My`o*pa*thi"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Any affection of the muscles or muscular system.

MYOPATHIC
My`o*path"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to myopathia.

MYOPATHY
My*op"a*thy, n.

Defn: Same as Myopathia.

MYOPE
My"ope, n. Etym: [F., fr. Gr.

Defn: A person having myopy; a myops.

MYOPHAN
My"o*phan, n. Etym: [Myo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A contractile striated layer found in the bodies and stems of
certain Infusoria.

MYOPIA
My*o"pi*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Myope.] (Med.)

Defn: Nearsightedness; shortsightedness; a condition of the eye in
which the rays from distant object are brought to a focus before they
reach the retina, and hence form an indistinct image; while the rays
from very near objects are normally converged so as to produce a
distinct image. It is corrected by the use of a concave lens.

MYOPIC
My*op"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or affected with, or characterized by, myopia;
nearsighted. Myopic astigmatism, a condition in which the eye is
affected with myopia in one meridian only.

MYOPS
My"ops, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Myope.

MYOPSIS
My*op"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The appearance of muscæ volitantes. See Muscæ volitantes, under
Musca.

MYOPY
My"o*py, n. Etym: [F. myopie.] (Med.)

Defn: Myopia.

MYOSIN
My"o*sin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An albuminous body present in dead muscle, being formed in the
process of coagulation which takes place in rigor mortis; the clot
formed in the coagulation of muscle plasma. See Muscle plasma, under
Plasma.

Note: Myosin belongs to the group of globulins. It is insoluble in
water, but soluble in dilute solution of salt, and is especially
characterized by being completely precipitated by saturation of its
solutions with salt.

MYOSIS
My*o"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Long-continued contraction of the pupil of the eye.

MYOSITIC
My`o*sit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Myotic.

MYOSITIS
My`o*si"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the muscles.

MYOSOTIS
My`o*so"tis, n. Etym: [NL.; Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants. See Mouse-ear.

MYOTIC
My*ot"ic, a. Etym: [See Myosis.] (Med.)

Defn: Producing myosis, or contraction of the pupil of the eye, as
opium, calabar bean, etc.
 -- n.

Defn: A myotic agent.

MYOTOME
My"o*tome, n. Etym: [See Myotomy.] (Anat.)
(a) A muscular segment; one of the zones into which the muscles of
the trunk, especially in fishes, are divided; a myocomma.
(b) One of the embryonic muscular segments arising from the
protovertebræ; also, one of the protovertebræ themselves.
(c) The muscular system of one metamere of an articulate.

MYOTOMIC
My`o*tom"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a myotome or myotomes.

MYOTOMY
My*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [Myo- + Gr. myotomie.]

Defn: The dissection, or that part of anatomy which treats of the
dissection, of muscles.

MYRCIA
Myr"ci*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large genus of tropical American trees and shrubs, nearly
related to the true myrtles (Myrtus), from which they differ in
having very few seeds in each berry.

MYRIA-
Myr"i*a-. Etym: [Gr. Myriad.]

Defn: A prefix, esp. in the metric system, indicating ten thousand,
ten thousand times; as, myriameter.

MYRIACANTHOUS
Myr`i*a*can"thous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having numerous spines, as certain fishes.

MYRIAD
Myr"i*ad, n. Etym: [Gr. myriade.]

1. The number of ten thousand; ten thousand persons or things.

2. An immense number; a very great many; an indefinitely large
number.

MYRIAD
Myr"i*ad, a.

Defn: Consisting of a very great, but indefinite, number; as, myriad
stars.

MYRIAGRAM; MYRIAGRAMME
Myr"i*a*gram, Myr"i*a*gramme, n. Etym: [F. myriagramme. See Myria-,
and 3d Gram.]

Defn: A metric weight, consisting of ten thousand grams or ten
kilograms. It is equal to 22.046 lbs. avoirdupois.

MYRIALITER; MYRIALITRE
Myr"i*a*li`ter, Myr"i*a*li`tre, n. Etym: [F. myrialitre. See Myria-,
and Liter.]

Defn: A metric measure of capacity, containing ten thousand liters.
It is equal to 2641.7 wine gallons.

MYRIAMETER; MYRIAMETRE
Myr"i*a*me`ter, Myr"i*a*me`tre, n. Etym: [F. myriamètre. See Myria-,
and Meter.]

Defn: A metric measure of length, containing ten thousand meters. It
is equal to 6.2137 miles.

MYRIAPOD
Myr"i*a*pod, n. Etym: [Cf. F. myriapode.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Myriapoda.

MYRIAPODA
Myr`i*ap"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class, or subclass, of arthropods, related to the hexapod
insects, from which they differ in having the body made up of
numerous similar segments, nearly all of which bear true jointed
legs. They have one pair of antennæ, three pairs of mouth organs, and
numerous trachaæ, similar to those of true insects. The larvæ, when
first hatched, often have but three pairs of legs. See Centiped,
Galleyworm, Milliped.

Note: The existing Myriapoda are divided into three orders:
Chilopoda, Chilognatha or Diplopoda, and Pauropoda (see these words
in the Vocabulary). Large fossil species (very different from any
living forms) are found in the Carboniferous formation.

MYRIARCH
Myr"i*arch, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A captain or commander of ten thousand men.

MYRIARE
Myr"i*are, n. Etym: [F. See Myria-, and 2d Are.]

Defn: A measure of surface in the metric system containing ten
thousand ares, or one million square meters. It is equal to about
247.1 acres.

MYRICA
My*ri"ca, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A widely dispersed genus of shrubs and trees, usually with
aromatic foliage. It includes the bayberry or wax myrtle, the sweet
gale, and the North American sweet fern, so called.

MYRICIN
Myr"i*cin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. myricine. Prob. so called from a fancied
resemblance to the wax of the bayberry (Myrica).] (Chem.)

Defn: A silky, crystalline, waxy substance, forming the less soluble
part of beeswax, and regarded as a palmitate of a higher alcohol of
the paraffin series; -- called also myricyl alcohol.

MYRICYL
Myr"i*cyl, n. Etym: [Myricin + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical regarded as the essential residue of
myricin; -- called also melissyl.

MYRIOLOGICAL
Myr`i*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or relating to a myriologue.

MYRIOLOGIST
Myr`i*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who composes or sings a myriologue.

MYRIOLOGUE
Myr"i*o*logue, n. Etym: [F. myriologue, myriologie, NGr.

Defn: An extemporaneous funeral song, composed and sung by a woman on
the death of a friend. [Modern Greece]

MYRIOPHYLLOUS
Myr`i*oph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having an indefinitely great or countless number of leaves.

MYRIOPODA
Myr`i*op"o*da, n. pl.

Defn: See Myriapoda.

MYRIORAMA
Myr`i*o*ra"ma, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A picture made up of several smaller pictures, drawn upon
separate pieces in such a manner as to admit of combination in many
different ways, thus producing a great variety of scenes or
landscapes.

MYRIOSCOPE
Myr"i*o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: A form of kaleidoscope.

MYRISTATE
My*ris"tate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of myristic acid.

MYRISTIC
My*ris"tic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the nutmeg (Myristica).
Specifically, designating an acid found in nutmeg oil and otoba fat,
and extracted as a white crystalline waxy substance.

MYRISTIN
My*ris"tin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The myristate of glycerin, -- found as a vegetable fat in
nutmeg butter, etc.

MYRISTONE
My*ris"tone, n. Etym: [Myristc + -one.] (Chem.)

Defn: The ketone of myristic acid, obtained as a white crystalline
substance.

MYRMECOPHYTE
Myr"me*co*phyte`, n. [Gr. my`rmhx, my`rmhkos, ant + fyto`n plant.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A plant that affords shelter and food to certain species of
ants which live in symbiotic relations with it. Special adaptations
for this purpose exist; thus, Acacia spadicigera has large hollows
thorns, and species of Cecropia have stem cavities. --
Myr`me*co*phyt"ic (#), a.

MYRMICINE
Myr"mi*cine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Myrmica, a genus of ants including the
small house ant (M. molesta), and many others.

MYRMIDON
Myr"mi*don, n. Etym: [L. Myrmidones, Gr.

1. One of a fierce tribe or troop who accompained Achilles, their
king, to the Trojan war.

2. A soldier or a subordinate civil officer who executes cruel orders
of a superior without protest or pity; -- sometimes applied to
bailiffs, constables, etc. Thackeray.
With unabated ardor the vindictive man of law and his myrmidons
pressed forward. W. H. Ainsworth.

MYRMIDONIAN
Myr`mi*do"ni*an, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or like, myrmidons. Pope.

MYRMOTHERINE
Myr`mo*the"rine, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feeding upon ants; -- said of certain birds.

MYROBALAN; MYROBOLAN
My*rob"a*lan, My*rob"o*lan, n. Etym: [L. myrobalanum the fruit of a
palm tree from which a balsam was made, Gr. myrobolan.]

Defn: A dried astringent fruit much resembling a prune. It contains
tannin, and was formerly used in medicine, but is now chiefly used in
tanning and dyeing. Myrobolans are produced by various species of
Terminalia of the East Indies, and of Spondias of South America.

MYRONIC
My*ron"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, mustard; -- used specifically
to designate a glucoside called myronic acid, found in mustard seed.

MYROPOLIST
My*rop"o*list, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who sells unguents or perfumery. [Obs.] Jonhson.

MYROSIN
Myr"o*sin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A ferment, resembling diastase, found in mustard seeds.

MYROXYLON
My*rox"y*lon, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous trees of tropical America, the different
species of which yield balsamic products, among which are balsam of
Peru, and balsam of Tolu. The species were formerly referred to
Myrospermum.

MYRRH
Myrrh, n. Etym: [OE. mirre, OF. mirre, F. myrrhe, L. myrrha, murra,
Gr. murr bitter, also myrrh, Heb. mar bitter.]

Defn: A gum resin, usually of a yellowish brown or amber color, of an
aromatic odor, and a bitter, slightly pungent taste. It is valued for
its odor and for its medicinal properties. It exuds from the bark of
a shrub of Abyssinia and Arabia, the Balsamodendron Myrrha. The myrrh
of the Bible is supposed to have been partly the gum above named, and
partly the exudation of species of Cistus, or rockrose. False myrrh.
See the Note under Bdellium.

MYRRHIC
Myr"rhic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, myrrh.

MYRRHINE
Myr"rhine, a.

Defn: Murrhine.

MYRTACEOUS
Myr*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [L. myrtaceus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a large and important natural
order of trees and shrubs (Myrtaceæ), of which the myrtle is the
type. It includes the genera Eucalyptus, Pimenta, Lechythis, and
about seventy more.

MYRTIFORM
Myr"ti*form, a. Etym: [L. myrtus myrtle + -form: cf. F. myrtiforme.]

Defn: Resembling myrtle or myrtle berries; having the form of a
myrtle leaf.

MYRTLE
Myr"tle, n. Etym: [F. myrtil bilberry, prop., a little myrtle, from
myrte myrtle, L. myrtus, murtus, Gr. m.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of the genus Myrtus, especially Myrtus communis. The
common myrtle has a shrubby, upright stem, eight or ten feet high.
Its branches form a close, full head, thickly covered with ovate or
lanceolate evergreen leaves. It has solitary axillary white or rosy
flowers, followed by black several-seeded berries. The ancients
considered it sacred to Venus. The flowers, leaves, and berries are
used variously in perfumery and as a condiment, and the beautifully
mottled wood is used in turning.

Note: The name is also popularly but wrongly applied in America to
two creeping plants, the blue-flowered periwinkle and the yellow-
flowered moneywort. In the West Indies several myrtaceous shrubs are
called myrtle. Bog myrtle, the sweet gale.
 -- Crape myrtle. See under Crape.
 -- Myrtle warbler (Zoöl.), a North American wood warbler (Dendroica
coronata); -- called also myrtle bird, yellow-rumped warbler, and
yellow-crowned warbler.
 -- Myrtle wax. (Bot.) See Bayberry tallow, under Bayberry.
 -- Sand myrtle, a low, branching evergreen shrub (Leiophyllum
buxifolium), growing in New Jersey and southward.
 -- Wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera). See Bayberry.

MYSELF
My*self", pron.; pl. Ourselves (.

Defn: I or me in person; -- used for emphasis, my own self or person;
as I myself will do it; I have done it myself; -- used also instead
of me, as the object of the first person of a reflexive verb, without
emphasis; as, I will defend myself.

MYSELVEN
My*selv"en, pron.

Defn: Myself. [Obs.]

MYSIS
My"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small schizopod shrimps found both in fresh and salt
water; the opossum shrimps. One species inhabits the Great Lakes of
North America, and is largely eaten by the whitefish. The marine
species form part of the food of right whales.

MYSTACAL
Mys"ta*cal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the upper lip, or mustache.

MYSTAGOGIC; MYSTAGOGICAL
Mys`ta*gog"ic, Mys`ta*gog"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to interpretation of mysteries or to
mystagogue; of the nature of mystagogy.

MYSTAGOGUE
Mys"ta*gogue, n. Etym: [L. mystagogus, Gr. mystagogue. See 1st
Mystery.]

1. interprets mysteries, especially of a religious kind.

2. One who keeps and shows church relics.

MYSTAGOGY
Mys"ta*go`gy, n.

Defn: The doctrines, principles, or practice of a mystagogue;
interpretation of mysteries.

MYSTERIAL
Mys*te"ri*al, a.

Defn: Mysterious. [Obs.]

MYSTERIARCH
Mys*te"ri*arch, n. Etym: [L. mysteriarches, Gr.

Defn: One presiding over mysteries. [Obs.]

MYSTERIOUS
Mys*te"ri*ous, a. Etym: [F. mystèrieux. See 1st Mystery.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to mystery; containing a mystery; difficult or
impossible to understand; obscure not revealed or explained;
enigmatical; incomprehensible.
God at last To Satan, first in sin, his doom applied, Thought in
mysterious terms. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Obscure; secret; occult; dark; mystic; cabalistic; enigmatical;
unintelligible; incomprehensible.

MYSTERIOUSLY
Mys*te"ri*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a mysterious manner.

MYSTERIOUSNESS
Mys*te"ri*ous*ness, n.

1. The state or quality of being mysterious.

2. Something mysterious; a mystery. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

MYSTERIZE
Mys"ter*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mysterized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Mysterizing.]

Defn: To make mysterious; to make a mystery of.

MYSTERY
Mys"ter*y, n.; pl. Mysteries. Etym: [L. mysterium, Gr. Mute, a.]

1. A profound secret; something wholly unknown, or something kept
cautiously concealed, and therefore exciting curiosity or wonder;
something which has not been or can not be explained; hence,
specifically, that which is beyond human comprehension.
We speak the wisdom of God in a mystery. 1 Cor. ii. 7.
If God should please to reveal unto us this great mystery of the
Trinity, or some other mysteries in our holy religion, we should not
be able to understand them, unless he would bestow on us some new
faculties of the mind. Swift.

2. A kind of secret religious celebration, to which none were
admitted except those who had been initiated by certain preparatory
ceremonies; -- usually plural; as, the Eleusinian mysteries.

3. pl.

Defn: The consecrated elements in the eucharist.

4. Anything artfully made difficult; an enigma.

MYSTERY
Mys"ter*y, n.; pl. Mysteries. Etym: [OE. mistere, OF. mestier, F.
métier, L. ministerium. See Ministry.]

1. A trade; a handicraft; hence, any business with which one is
usually occupied.
Fie upon him, he will discredit our mystery. Shak.
And that which is the noblest mystery Brings to reproach and common
infamy. Spenser.

2. A dramatic representation of a Scriptural subject, often some
event in the life of Christ; a dramatic composition of this
character; as, the Chester Mysteries, consisting of dramas acted by
various craft associations in that city in the early part of the 14th
century.
"Mystery plays," so called because acted by craftsmen. Skeat.

MYSTIC; MYSTICAL
Mys"tic, Mys"tic*al, a. Etym: [L. mysticus, Gr. mystique. See 1st
Mystery, Misty.]

1. Remote from or beyond human comprehension; baffling human
understanding; unknowable; obscure; mysterious.
Heaven's numerous hierarchy span The mystic gulf from God to man.
Emerson.
God hath revealed a way mystical and supernatural. Hooker.

2. Importing or implying mysticism; involving some secret meaning;
allegorical; emblematical; as, a mystic dance; mystic Babylon.
Thus, then, did the spirit of unity and meekness inspire every joint
and sinew of the mystical body. Milton.
-- Mys"tic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Mys"tic*al*ness, n.

MYSTIC
Mys"tic, n.

Defn: One given to mysticism; one who holds mystical views,
interpretations, etc.; especially, in ecclesiastical history, one who
professed mysticism. See Mysticism.

MYSTICETE
Mys"ti*cete, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any right whale, or whalebone whale. See Cetacea.

MYSTICISM
Mys"ti*cism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mysticisme.]

1. Obscurity of doctrine.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The doctrine of the Mystics, who professed a pure, sublime, and
wholly disinterested devotion, and maintained that they had direct
intercourse with the divine Spirit, and aquired a knowledge of God
and of spiritual things unattainable by the natural intellect, and
such as can not be analyzed or explained.

3. (Philos.)

Defn: The doctrine that the ultimate elements or principles of
knowledge or belief are gained by an act or process akin to feeling
or faith.

MYSTIFICATION
Mys`ti*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mystification.]

Defn: The act of mystifying, or the state of being mystied; also,
something designed to, or that does, mystify.
The reply of Pope seems very much as though he had been playing off a
mystification on his Grace. De Quincey.

MYSTIFICATOR
Mys"ti*fi*ca`tor, n.

Defn: One who mystifies.

MYSTIFY
Mys"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mystified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Mystifying.] Etym: [F. mystifier, fr. Gr. -ficare (in comp.) to make.
See 1st Mystery, and -fy.]

1. To involve in mystery; to make obscure or difficult to understand;
as, to mystify a passage of Scripture.

2. To perplex the mind of; to puzzle; to impose upon the credulity of
; as, to mystify an opponent.
He took undue advantage of his credulity and mystified him
exceedingly. Ld. Campbell.

MYTACISM
My"ta*cism, n. Etym: [Gr. Metacism.]

Defn: Too frequent use of the letter m, or of the sound represented
by it.

MYTH
Myth, n. [Written also mythe.] Etym: [Gr. mythe.]

1. A story of great but unknown age which originally embodied a
belief regarding some fact or phenomenon of experience, and in which
often the forces of nature and of the soul are personified; an
ancient legend of a god, a hero, the origin of a race, etc.; a wonder
story of prehistoric origin; a popular fable which is, or has been,
received as historical.

2. A person or thing existing only in imagination, or whose actual
existence is not verifiable.
As for Mrs. Primmins's bones, they had been myths these twenty years.
Ld. Lytton.
Myth history, history made of, or mixed with, myths.

MYTHE
Mythe, n.

Defn: See Myth. Grote.

MYTHIC; MYTHICAL
Myth"ic, Myth"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. mythicus, Gr. Myth.]

Defn: Of or relating to myths; described in a myth; of the nature of
a myth; fabulous; imaginary; fanciful.
 -- Myth"ic*al*ly, adv.
The mythic turf where danced the nymphs. Mrs. Browning.
Hengist and Horsa, Vortigern and Rowena, Arthur and Mordred, are
mythical persons, whose very existence may be questioned. Macaulay.

MYTHOGRAPHER
My*thog"ra*pher, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A composer of fables.

MYTHOLOGER
My*thol"o*ger, n.

Defn: A mythologist.

MYTHOLOGIAN
Myth`o*lo"gi*an, n.

Defn: A mythologist.

MYTHOLOGIC; MYTHOLOGICAL
Myth`o*log"ic, Myth`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. mythologicus: cf. F.
mytholigique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to mythology or to myths; mythical; fabulous.
 -- Myth`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

MYTHOLOGIST
My*thol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mythologiste.]

Defn: One versed in, or who writes on, mythology or myths.

MYTHOLOGIZE
My*thol"o*gize, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. mythologiser.]

1. To relate, classify, and explain, or attempt to explain, myths; to
write upon myths.

2. To construct and propagate myths.

MYTHOLOGIZER
My*thol"o*gi`zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, mythologizes.
Imagination has always been, and still is, in a narrower sense, the
great mythologizer. Lowell.

MYTHOLOGUE
Myth"o*logue, n. Etym: [See Mythology.]

Defn: A fabulous narrative; a myth. [R.]
May we not ... consider his history of the fall as an excellent
mythologue, to account for the origin of human evil Geddes.

MYTHOLOGY
My*thol"o*gy, n.; pl. Mythologies. Etym: [F. mythologie, L.
mythologia, Gr.

1. The science which treats of myths; a treatise on myths.

2. A body of myths; esp., the collective myths which describe the
gods of a heathen people; as, the mythology of the Greeks.

MYTHOPLASM
Myth"o*plasm, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A narration of mere fable.

MYTHOPOEIC
Myth`o*poe"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Making or producing myths; giving rise to mythical narratives.
The mythopoeic fertility of the Greeks. Grote.

MYTHOPOETIC
Myth`o*po*et"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Making or producing myths or mythical tales.

MYTILOID
Myt"i*loid, a. Etym: [Mytilus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the genus Mytilus, or family Mytilidæ.

MYTILOTOXINE
Myt`i*lo*tox"ine, n. Etym: [Mytilus + toxic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous base (leucomaine) found in the common mussel. It
either causes paralysis of the muscles, or gives rise to convulsions,
including death by an accumulation of carbonic acid in the blood.

MYTILUS
Myt"i*lus, n. Etym: [L., a sea mussel, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine bivalve shells, including the common mussel.
See Illust. under Byssus.

MYXA
Myx"a, n. Etym: [L., a lamp nozzle, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The distal end of the mandibles of a bird.

MYXINE
Myx"ine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marsipobranchs, including the hagfish. See Hag, 4.

MYXINOID
Myx"i*noid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the genus Myxine.
 -- n.

Defn: A hagfish.

MYXOCYSTODEA
Myx`o*cys*to"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Infusoria including the Noctiluca. See Noctiluca.

MYXOEDEMA
Myx`o*de"ma, n. [NL. fr. Gr.  mucus + odema.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease producing a peculiar cretinoid appearance of the
face, slow speech, and dullness of intellect, and due to failure of
the functions of the thyroid gland. -- Myx`o*dem"a*tous (#), a.,
Myx`o*dem"ic (#), a.

MYXOMA
Myx*o"ma, n.; pl. Myxomata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A tumor made up of a gelatinous tissue resembling that found in
the umbilical cord.

MYXOMYCETES
Myx`o*my*ce"tes, n. pl. [NL.; Gr.  mucus, slime + myceles.] (Bot.)

Defn: A class of peculiar organisms, the slime molds, formerly
regarded as animals (Mycetozoa), but now generally thought to be
plants and often separated as a distinct phylum (Myxophyta). They are
found on damp earth and decaying vegetable matter, and consist of
naked masses of protoplasm, often of considerable size, which creep
very slowly  over the surface and ingest solid food. --
Myx`o*my*ce"tous (#), a.

MYXOPHYTA
Myx*oph"y*ta, n. pl. [NL.; Gr.  mucus, slime +  plant.] (Bot.)

Defn: A phylum of the vegetable kingdom consisting of the class
Myxomycetes. By some botanists it is not separated from the
Thallophyta.

MYXOPOD
Myx"o*pod, n. Etym: [Gr. -pod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rhizopod or moneran. Also used adjectively; as, a myxopod
state.

MYZONTES
My*zon"tes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Marsipobranchiata.

MYZOSTOMATA
My`zo*stom"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. my`zein to suck + sto`ma,
-atos, mouth.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of curious parasitic worms found on crinoids. The body
is short and disklike, with four pairs of suckers and five pairs of
hook-bearing parapodia on the under side.

N

Defn: N, the fourteenth letter of English alphabet, is a vocal
consonent, and, in allusion to its mode of formation, is called the
dentinasal or linguanasal consonent. Its commoner sound is that heard
in ran, done; but when immediately followed in the same word by the
sound of g hard or k (as in single, sink, conquer), it usually
represents the same sound as the digraph ng in sing, bring, etc. This
is a simple but related sound, and is called the gutturo-nasal
consonent. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 243-246. The letter N came
into English through the Latin and Greek from the Phoenician, which
probably derived it from the Egyptian as the ultimate origin. It is
etymologically most closely related to M. See M.

N
N, n. (Print.)

Defn: A measure of space equal to half an M (or em); an en.

NA
Na, a. & adv.

Defn: No, not. See No. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NAB
Nab, n. Etym: [Cf. Knap, Knop, Knob.]

1. The summit of an eminence. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. (Firearms)

Defn: The cock of a gunlock. Knight.

3. (Locksmithing)

Defn: The keeper, or box into which the lock is shot. Knight.

NAB
Nab, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nabbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Nabbing.] Etym: [Dan
nappe, or Sw. nappa.]

Defn: To catch or seize suddenly or unexpectedly. [Colloq.] Smollett.

NABIT
Na"bit, n.

Defn: Pulverized sugar candy. Crabb.

NABK
Nabk, n. Etym: [Ar. nabiqa,nibqa.] (Bot.)

Defn: The edible berries of the Zizyphys Lotus, a tree of Northern
Africa, and Southwestern Europe. [Written also nubk.] See Lotus (b),
and Sadr.

NABOB
Na"bob, n. Etym: [Hind. nawab, from Ar. nawab, pl. of na\'8bb a
vicegerent, governor. Cf Nawab.]

1. A deputy or viceroy in India; a governor of a province of the
ancient Mogul empire.

2. One who returns to Europe from the East with immense riches:
hence, any man of great wealth. " A bilious old nabob." Macaulay.

NACARAT
Nac"a*rat, n. Etym: [F. nacarat, fr. Sp. or Pg. nacarado, fr. nácar
mother-of-pearl. See Nacre.]

1. A pale red color, with a cast of orange. Ure.

2. Fine linen or crape dyed of this color. Ure.

NACELLE
Na*celle", n. [F.]

1. A small boat. [Obs.]

2.  The basket suspended from a balloon; hence, the framework forming
the body of a dirigible balloon, and containing the machinery,
passengers, etc.

3.  A boatlike, inclosed body of an aëroplane.

NACKER
Nack"er, n.

Defn: See Nacre. Johnson.

NACRE
Na"cre, n. Etym: [F., cf. Sp. nácara, nácar, It. nacchera, naccaro,
LL. nacara, nacrum; of Oriental origin, cf. Ar. nakir hollowed.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A pearly substance which lines the interior of many shells, and
is most perfect in the mother-of-pearl. [Written also nacker and
naker.] See Pearl, and Mother-of-pearl.

NACREOUS
Na"cre*ous, a. Etym: [See Nacre.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Consisting of, or resembling, nacre; pearly.

NAD; NADDE
Nad, Nad"de. Etym: [Contr. fr. ne hadde.]

Defn: Had not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NADDER
Nad"der, n. Etym: [AS.nædre. See Adder.]

Defn: An adder. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NADIR
Na"dir, n. Etym: [F., Sp., & It. nadir; all fr. Ar. nasiru's samt
nadir, prop., the point opposite the zenith (as samt), in which nasir
means alike, corresponding to. Cf. Azimuth, Zenith.]

1. That point of the heavens, or lower hemisphere, directly opposite
the zenith; the inferior pole of the horizon; the point of the
celestial sphere directly under the place where we stand.

2. The lowest point; the time of greatest depression.
The seventh century is the nadir of the human mind in Europe. Hallam.
Nadir of the sun (Astron.), the axis of the conical shadow projected
by the earth. Crabb.

NAENIA
Næ"ni*a, n.

Defn: See Nenia.

NAEVE
Næve, n. Etym: [L. naevus.]

Defn: A nævus. [Obs.] Dryden.

NAEVOID
Næ"void, a. Etym: [Nævus + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling a nævus or nævi; as, nævoid elephantiasis.
Dunglison.

NAEVOSE
Næ"vose`, a.

Defn: Spotted; frecled.

NAEVUS
Næ"vus, n.; pl.Nævi (-vi). Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: A spot or mark on the skin of children when born; a birthmark;
-- usually applied to vascular tumors, i. e., those consisting mainly
of blood vessels, as dilated arteries, veins, or capillaries.

NAG
Nag, n. Etym: [OE. nagge, D. negge; akin to E. neigh.]

1. A small horse; a pony; hence, any horse.

2. A paramour; -- in contempt. [Obs.] Shak.

NAG
Nag, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Nagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Nagging.] Etym:
[Cf. Sw. nagga to nibble, peck, Dan. nage to gnaw, Icel. naga, gnaga,
G. nagen, & E. gnaw.]

Defn: To tease in a petty way; to scold habitually; to annoy; to fret
pertinaciously. [Colloq.] "She never nagged." J. Ingelow.

NAGANA
Na*ga"na, n. [Prob. native name.] (Med.)

Defn: The disease caused by the tsetse fly. [South Africa]

NAGGING
Nag"ging, a.

Defn: Fault-finding; teasing; persistently annoying; as, a nagging
toothache. [Colloq.]

NAGGY
Nag"gy a.

Defn: Irritable; touchy. [Colloq.]

NAGOR
Na"gor, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African gazelle (Gazella redunca).

NAGYAGITE
Nag"yag*ite, n. Etym: [So called from Nagyag, in Transylvania.]
(Min.)

Defn: A mineral of blackish lead-gray color and metallic luster,
generally of a foliated massive structure; foliated tellurium. It is
a telluride of lead and gold.

NAIAD
Na"iad, n. Etym: [L. naias, -adis, naïs, -idis, a water nymph, Gr
naïade. Cf. Naid.]

1. (Myth.)

Defn: A water nymph; one of the lower female divinities, fabled to
preside over some body of fresh water, as a lake, river, brook, or
fountain.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of a tribe (Naiades) of freshwater bivalves,
including Unio, Anodonta, and numerous allied genera; a river mussel.

3. (Zoöl)

Defn: One of a group of butterflies. See Nymph.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the order Naiadaceæ, such as eelgrass, pondweed,
etc.

NAIANT
Na"iant, a.

Defn: (Her.) See Natant. Crabb.

NAID
Na"id, n. Etym: [See Naiad.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small, fresh-water, chætopod
annelids of the tribe Naidina. They belong to the Oligochæta.

NAIF
Na"ïf` (formerly , a. Etym: [F. naïf. See Naïve.]

1. Having a true natural luster without being cut; -- applied by
jewelers to a precious stone.

2. Naïve; as, a naïf remark. London Spectator.

NAIK
Na"ik, n. Etym: [Hind. nayak.]

Defn: A chief; a leader; a Sepoy corporal. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

NAIL
Nail, n. Etym: [AS. nægel, akin to D. nagel, OS nagal, G. nagel,
Icel. nagl, nail (in sense 1), nagli nail (in sense 3), Sw. nagel
nail (in senses 1 and 3), Dan. nagle, Goth. ganagljan to nail, Lith.
nagas nail (in sense 1), Russ. nogote, L. unguis, Gr. nakha.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: the horny scale of plate of epidermis at the end of the fingers
and toes of man and many apes.
His nayles like a briddes claws were. Chaucer.

Note: The nails are strictly homologous with hoofs and claws. When
compressed, curved, and pointed, they are called talons or claws, and
the animal bearing them is said to be unguiculate; when they incase
the extremities of the digits they are called hoofs, and the animal
is ungulate.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The basal thickened portion of the anterior wings of certain
hemiptera.
(b) The terminal horny plate on the beak of ducks, and other allied
birds.

3. A slender, pointed piece of metal, usually with a head, used for
fastening pieces of wood or other material together, by being driven
into or through them.

Note: The different sorts of nails are named either from the use to
which they are applied, from their shape, from their size, or from
some other characteristic, as shingle, floor, ship-carpenters', and
horseshoe nails, roseheads, diamonds, fourpenny, tenpenny (see
Penny), chiselpointed, cut, wrought, or wire nails, etc.

4. A measure of length, being two inches and a quarter, or the
sixteenth of a yard. Nail ball (Ordnance), a round projectile with an
iron bolt protruding to prevent it from turning in the gun.
 -- Nail plate, iron in plates from which cut nails are made.
 -- On the nail, in hand; on the spot; immediately; without delay or
time of credit; as, to pay money on the nail. "You shall have ten
thousand pounds on the nail." Beaconsfield.
 -- To hit the nail on the head, to hit most effectively; to do or
say a thing in the right way.

NAIL
Nail, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Nailing.] Etym:
[AS. næglian. See Nail, n.]

1. To fasten with a nail or nails; to close up or secure by means of
nails; as, to nail boards to the beams.
He is now dead, and nailed in his chest. Chaucer.

2. To stud or boss with nails, or as with nails.
The rivets of your arms were nailed with gold. Dryden.

3. To fasten, as with a nail; to bind or hold, as to a bargain or to
acquiescence in an argument or assertion; hence, to catch; to trap.
When they came to talk of places in town, you saw at once how I
nailed them. Goldsmith.

4. To spike, as a cannon. [Obs.] Crabb. To nail a lie or an
assertion, etc., to detect and expose it, so as to put a stop to its
currency; -- an expression probably derived from the former practice
of shopkeepers, who were accustomed to nail bad or counterfeit pieces
of money to the counter.

NAILBRUSH
Nail"brush`, n.

Defn: A brush for cleaning the nails.

NAILER
Nail"er, n.

1. One whose occupation is to make nails; a nail maker.

2. One who fastens with, or drives, nails.

NAILERESS
Nail"er*ess, n.

Defn: A women who makes nailes.

NAILERY
Nail"er*y, n.; pl. Naileries (.

Defn: A manufactory where nails are made.

NAIL-HEADED
Nail"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a head like that of a nail; formed so as to resemble the
head of a nail. Nail-headed characters, arrowheaded or cuneiform
characters. See under Arrowheaded.
 -- Nail-headed molding (Arch.), an ornament consisting of a series
of low four-sided pyramids resembling the heads of large nails; --
called also nail-head molding, or nail-head. It is the same as the
simplest form of dogtooth. See Dogtooth.

NAILLESS
Nail"less, a.

Defn: Without nails; having no nails.

NAINSOOK
Nain`sook", n. Etym: [Nainsukh, a valley in Kaghan.]

Defn: A thick sort of jaconet muslin, plain or striped, formerly made
in India.

NAIS
Na"is, n. Etym: [L., a naiad.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Naiad.

NAISSANT
Nais`sant", a. Etym: [F., p. pr. of naître to be born, L. nasci.]
(Her.)

Defn: Same as Jessant.

NAIVE
Na"ïve`, a. Etym: [F. naïf, fem. naïve, fr. L. nativus innate,
natural, native. See Native, and cf. Naïf.]

Defn: Having native or unaffected simplicity; ingenuous; artless;
frank; as, naïve manners; a naïve person; naïve and unsophisticated
remarks.

NAIVELY
Na"ïve`ly, adv.

Defn: In a naïve manner.

NAIVETE
Na`ïve`té", n. Etym: [F. See Naïve, and cf. Nativity.]

Defn: Native simplicity; unaffected plainness or ingenuousness;
artlessness.
A story which pleases me by its naïveté -- that is, by its
unconscious ingenuousness. De Quincey.

NAIVETY
Na"ïve`ty

Defn: , n. Naïveté. Carlyle.

NAKE
Nake

Defn: ,v.t. To make naked. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Come, be ready, nake your swords. Old Play.

NAKED
Na"ked, a. Etym: [AS. nacod; akin to D. naakt, G. nackt, OHG.
nacchot, nahhot, Icel. nökvi, nakinn, Sw. naken, Dan. nögen, Goth.
naqa, Lith. n, Russ. nagii, L. nudus, Skr. nagna. sq. root266. Cf.
Nude.]

1. Having no clothes on; uncovered; nude; bare; as, a naked body; a
naked limb; a naked sword.

2. Having no means of defense or protection; open; unarmed;
defenseless.
Thy power is full naked. Chaucer.
Behold my bosom naked to your swords. Addison.

3. Unprovided with needful or desirable accessories, means of
sustenance, etc.; destitute; unaided; bare.
Patriots who had exposed themselves for the public, and whom they say
now left naked. Milton.

4. Without addition, exaggeration, or excuses; not concealed or
disguised; open to view; manifest; plain.
The truth appears so naked on my side, That any purblind eye may find
it out. Shak.
All things are naked and opened unto the eyes of him with whom we to
do. Heb. iv. 13.

5. Mere; simple; plain.
The very naked name of love. Shak.

6. (Bot.)

Defn: Without pubescence; as, a naked leaf or stem; bare, or not
covered by the customary parts, as a flower without a perianth, a
stem without leaves, seeds without a pericarp, buds without bud
scales.

7. (Mus.)

Defn: Not having the full complement of tones; -- said of a chord of
only two tones, which requires a third tone to be sounded with them
to make the combination pleasing to the ear; as, a naked fourth or
fifth. Naked bed, a bed the occupant of which is naked, no night
linen being worn in ancient times. Shak.
 -- Naked eye, the eye alone, unaided by glasses, or by telescope,
microscope, or the like.
 -- Naked-eyed medusa. (Zoöl.) See Hydromedusa.
 -- Naked flooring (Carp.), the timberwork which supports a floor.
Gwilt.
 -- Naked mollusk (Zoöl.), a nudibranch.
 -- Naked wood (Bot.), a large rhamnaceous tree (Colibrina reclinata)
of Southern Florida and the West Indies, having a hard and heavy
heartwood, which takes a fine polish. C. S. Sargent.

Syn.
 -- Nude; bare; denuded; uncovered; unclothed; exposed; unarmed;
plain; defenseless.

NAKEDLY
Na"ked*ly, adv.

Defn: In a naked manner; without covering or disguise; manifestly;
simply; barely.

NAKEDNESS
Na"ked*ness, n.

1. The condition of being naked.

2. (Script.)

Defn: The privy parts; the genitals.
Ham ... saw the nakedness of his father. Gen. ix. 22.

NAKER
Na"ker, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Nacre.

NAKER
Na"ker, n. Etym: [OE. nakere, F. nakaire, LL. nacara, Per. naqaret.]

Defn: A kind of kettledrum. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NAKOO
Na"koo, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gavial. [Written also nako.]

NALE
Nale, n. Etym: [A corrupt form arising from the older "at þen ale" at
the nale.]

Defn: Ale; also, an alehouse. [Obs.]
Great feasts at the nale. Chaucer.

NALL
Nall, n. Etym: [Either fr. Icel. nal (see Needle); or fr. awl, like
newt fr. ewt.]

Defn: An awl. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser.

NAM
Nam. Etym: [Contr. fr. ne am.]

Defn: Am not. [Obs.]

NAM
Nam, obs. imp.

Defn: of Nim. Chaucer.

NAMABLE
Nam"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being named.

NAMATION
Na*ma"tion, n. Etym: [LL. namare to take; cf. AS. niman to take.] (O.
Eng. & Scots Law)

Defn: A distraining or levying of a distress; an impounding. Burrill.

NAMAYCUSH
Nam"ay*cush, n. Etym: [Indian name.] (Zool.)

Defn: A large North American lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). It is
usually spotted with red, and sometimes weighs over forty pounds.
Called also Mackinaw trout, lake trout, lake salmon, salmon trout,
togue, and tuladi.

NAMBY-PAMBY
Nam"by-pam`by, n. Etym: [From Ambrose Phillips, in ridicule of the
extreme simplicity of some of his verses.]

Defn: Talk or writing which is weakly sentimental or affectedly
pretty. Macaulay.

NAMBY-PAMBY
Nam"by-pam`by, a.

Defn: Affectedly pretty; weakly sentimental; finical; insipid.
Thackeray.
Namby-pamby madrigals of love. W. Gifford.

NAME
Name, n. Etym: [AS. nama; akin to D. naam, OS. & OHG. namo, G. name,
Icel. nafn, for namn, Dan. navn, Sw. namn, Goth. namo, L. nomen
(perh. influenced by noscere, gnoscere, to learn to know), Gr.
'o`mona, Scr. naman. sq. root267. Cf. Anonymous, Ignominy, Misnomer,
Nominal, Noun.]

1. The title by which any person or thing is known or designated; a
distinctive specific appellation, whether of an individual or a
class.
Whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name
thereof. Gen. ii. 19.
What's in a name That which we call a rose By any other name would
smell as sweet. Shak.

2. A descriptive or qualifying appellation given to a person or
thing, on account of a character or acts.
His name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The
everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace. Is. ix. 6.

3. Reputed character; reputation, good or bad; estimation; fame;
especially, illustrious character or fame; honorable estimation;
distinction.
What men of name resort to him Shak.
Far above ... every name that is named, not only in this world, but
also in that which is to come. Eph. i. 21.
I will get me a name and honor in the kingdom. 1 Macc. iii. 14.
He hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin. Deut. xxii. 19.
The king's army ...had left no good name behind. Clarendon.

4. Those of a certain name; a race; a family.
The ministers of the republic, mortal enemies of his name, came every
day to pay their feigned civilities. Motley.

5. A person, an individual. [Poetic]
They list with women each degenerate name. Dryden.
Christian name. (a) The name a person receives at baptism, as
distinguished from surname; baptismal name. (b) A given name, whether
received at baptism or not.
 -- Given name. See under Given.
 -- In name, in profession, or by title only; not in reality; as, a
friend in name.
 -- In the name of. (a) In behalf of; by the authority of. " I charge
you in the duke's name to obey me." Shak.
(b) In the represented or assumed character of. " I'll to him again
in name of Brook." Shak.
-- Name plate, a plate as of metal, glass, etc., having a name upon
it, as a sign; a doorplate.
 -- Pen name, a name assumed by an author; a pseudonym or nom de
plume. Bayard Taylor.
 -- Proper name (Gram.), a name applied to a particular person,
place, or thing.
 -- To call names, to apply opprobrious epithets to; to call by
reproachful appellations.
 -- To take a name in vain, to use a name lightly or profanely; to
use a name in making flippant or dishonest oaths. Ex. xx. 7.

Syn.
 -- Appellation; title; designation; cognomen; denomination; epithet.
 -- Name, Appellation, Title, Denomination. Name is generic, denoting
that combination of sounds or letters by which a person or thing is
known and distinguished. Appellation, although sometimes put for name
simply, denotes, more properly, a descriptive term, used by way of
marking some individual peculiarity or characteristic; as, Charles
the Bold, Philip the Stammerer. A title is a term employed to point
out one's rank, office, etc.; as, the Duke of Bedford, Paul the
Apostle, etc. Denomination is to particular bodies what appellation
is to individuals; thus, the church of Christ is divided into
different denominations, as Congregationalists, Episcopalians,
Presbyterians, etc.

NAME
Name, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Named; p. pr. & vb. n. Naming.] Etym: [AS.
namian. See Name, n.]

1. To give a distinctive name or appellation to; to entitle; to
denominate; to style; to call.
She named the child Ichabod. 1 Sam. iv. 21.
Thus was the building left Ridiculous, and the work Confusion named.
Milton.

2. To mention by name; to utter or publish the name of; to refer to
by distinctive title; to mention.
None named thee but to praise. Halleck.
Old Yew, which graspest at the stones That name the underlying dead.
Tennyson.

3. To designate by name or specifically for any purpose; to nominate;
to specify; to appoint; as, to name a day for the wedding.
Whom late you have named for consul. Shak.

4. (House of Commons)

Defn: To designate (a member) by name, as the Speaker does by way of
reprimand.

Syn.
 -- To denominate; style; term; call; mention; specify; designate;
nominate.

NAMELESS
Name"less, a.

1. Without a name; not having been given a name; as, a nameless star.
Waller.

2. Undistinguished; not noted or famous.
A nameless dwelling and an unknown name. Harte.

3. Not known or mentioned by name; anonymous; as, a nameless
writer."Nameless pens." Atterbury.

4. Unnamable; indescribable; inexpressible.
But what it is, that is not yet known; what I can not name; nameless
woe,I wot. Shak.
I have a nameless horror of the man. Hawthorne.

NAMELESSLY
Name"less*ly, adv.

Defn: In a nameless manner.

NAMELY
Name"ly, adv.

1. By name; by particular mention; specifically; especially;
expressly. [Obs.] Chaucer.
The solitariness of man ...God hath namely and principally ordered to
prevent by marriage. Milton.

2. That is to say; to wit; videlicet; -- introducing a particular or
specific designation.
For the excellency of the soul, namely, its power of divining dreams;
that several such divinations have been made, none Addison.

NAMER
Nam"er, n.

Defn: One who names, or calls by name.

NAMESAKE
Name"sake`, n. Etym: [For name's sake; i. e., one named for the sake
of another's name.]

Defn: One that has the same name as another; especially, one called
after, or named out of regard to, another.

NAMO
Na*mo", adv.

Defn: No more. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NAN
Nan, inerj. Etym: [For anan.]

Defn: Anan. [Prov. Eng.]

NANDINE
Nan"dine, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African carnivore (Nandinia binotata), allied to the civets.
It is spotted with black.

NANDOU; NANDU
Nan"dou, Nan"du, n. Etym: [Braz. nhandu or yandu.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of three species of South American ostriches of the
genera Rhea and Pterocnemia. See Rhea. [Written also nandow.]

NANISM
Na"nism, n. [Gr.  + -ism: cf. F. nanisme.]

Defn: The condition of being abnormally small in stature;
dwarfishness; -- opposed to gigantism.

NANKEEN
Nan*keen", n. Etym: [So called from its being originally manufactured
at Nankin, in China.] [Written also nankin.]

1. A species of cloth, of a firm texture, originally brought from
China, made of a species of cotton (Gossypium religiosum) that is
naturally of a brownish yellow color quite indestructible and
permanent.

2. An imitation of this cloth by artificial coloring.

3. pl.

Defn: Trousers made of nankeen. Ld. Lytton. Nankeen bird (Zoöl.), the
Australian night heron (Nycticorax Caledonicus); -- called also
quaker.

NANNY
Nan"ny, n.

Defn: A diminutive of Ann or Anne, the proper name. Nanny goat, a
female goat. [Colloq.]

NANNYBERRY
Nan"ny*ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Sheepberry.

NANPIE
Nan"pie, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The magpie.

NAOS
Na"os, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: A term used by modern archæologists instead of cella. See
Cella.

NAP
Nap, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Napped; p. pr. & vb. n. Napping.] Etym: [OE.
nappen, AS. hn&ppian to take a nap, to slumber; cf. AS. hnipian to
bend one's self, Icel. hnipna, hnipa, to droop.]

1. To have a short sleep; to be drowsy; to doze. Chaucer.

2. To be in a careless, secure state. Wyclif.
I took thee napping, unprepared. Hudibras.

NAP
Nap, n.

Defn: A short sleep; a doze; a siesta. Cowper.

NAP
Nap, n. Etym: [OE. noppe, AS. hnoppa; akin to D. nop, Dan. noppe, LG.
nobbe.]

1. Woolly or villous surface of felt, cloth, plants, etc.; an
external covering of down, of short fine hairs or fibers forming part
of the substance of anything, and lying smoothly in one direction;
the pile; -- as, the nap of cotton flannel or of broadcloth.

2. pl.

Defn: The loops which are cut to make the pile, in velvet. Knight.

NAP
Nap, v. t.

Defn: To raise, or put, a nap on.

NAPE
Nape, n. Etym: [Perh. akin to knap a knop.]

Defn: The back part of the neck. Spenser.

NAPE-CREST
Nape"-crest`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African bird of the genus Schizorhis, related to the
plantain eaters.

NAPERY
Na"per*y, n.; pl. Naperies. Etym: [OF. naperie, fr. nape a
tablecloth, F. nappe, LL. napa, fr. L. mappa. See Map, and cf. Apron,
Napkin.]

Defn: Table linen; also, linen clothing, or linen in general. [Obs.]
Gayton.

NAPHA WATER
Na"pha wa`ter. Etym: [Sp. nafa, from Ar. napha odor.]

Defn: A perfume distilled from orange flowers.

NAPHEW
Na"phew, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Navew.

NAPHTHA
Naph"tha, n. Etym: [L. naphtha, Gr. nafth, nifth.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: The complex mixture of volatile, liquid, inflammable
hydrocarbons, occurring naturally, and usually called crude
petroleum, mineral oil, or rock oil. Specifically: That portion of
the distillate obtained in the refinement of petroleum which is
intermediate between the lighter gasoline and the heavier benzine,
and has a specific gravity of about 0.7, -- used as a solvent for
varnishes, as a carburetant, illuminant, etc.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: One of several volatile inflammable liquids obtained by the
distillation of certain carbonaceous materials and resembling the
naphtha from petroleum; as, Boghead naphtha, from Boghead coal
(obtained at Boghead, Scotland); crude naphtha, or light oil, from
coal tar; wood naphtha, from wood, etc.

Note: This term was applied by the earlier chemical writers to a
number of volatile, strong smelling, inflammable liquids, chiefly
belonging to the ethers, as the sulphate, nitrate, or acetate of
ethyl. Watts. Naphtha vitrioli Etym: [NL., naphtha of vitriol] (Old
Chem.), common ethyl ether; -- formerly called sulphuric ether. See
Ether.

NAPHTHALATE
Naph"tha*late, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of naphthalic acid; a phthalate. [Obs.]

NAPHTHALENE
Naph"tha*lene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon, C10H8, analogous to
benzene, and obtained by the distillation of certain bituminous
materials, such as the heavy oil of coal tar. It is the type and
basis of a large number of derivatives among organic compounds.
Formerly called also naphthaline. Naphthalene red (Chem.), a dyestuff
obtained from certain diazo derivatives of naphthylamine, and called
also magdala red.
 -- Naphthalene yellow (Chem.), a yellow dyestuff obtained from
certain nitro derivatives of naphthol.

NAPHTHALENIC
Naph`tha*len"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to , or derived from, naphthalene; -- used
specifically to designate a yellow crystalline substance, called
naphthalenic acid and also hydroxy quinone, and obtained from certain
derivatives of naphthol.

NAPHTHALIC
Naph*tha"lic, a. (Chem.)
(a) Pertaining to, derived from, or related to, naphthalene; -- used
specifically to denote any one of a series of acids derived from
naphthalene, and called naphthalene acids.
(b) Formerly, designating an acid probably identical with phthalic
acid.

NAPHTHALIDINE
Naph*thal"i*dine, n. Etym: [Naphthalene + toluidine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Naphthylamine.

NAPHTHALIN; NAPHTHALINE
Naph"tha*lin, Naph"tha*line, n. Etym: [F. naphthaline.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Naphthalene.

NAPHTHALIZE
Naph"tha*lize, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To mingle, saturate, or impregnate, with naphtha.

NAPHTHAZARIN
Naph*thaz"a*rin, n. Etym: [Naphthalene + alizarin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A dyestuff, resembling alizarin, obtained from naphthoquinone
as a red crystalline substance with a bright green, metallic luster;
-- called also naphthalizarin.

NAPHTHENE
Naph"thene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A peculiar hydrocarbon occuring as an ingredient of Caucasian
petroleum.

NAPHTHIDE
Naph"thide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of naphthalene or its radical with a metallic
element; as, mercuric naphthide.

NAPHTHOIC
Naph*tho"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or related to, naphthalene; --
used specifically to designate any one of a series of carboxyl
derivatives, called naphthoic acids.

NAPHTHOL
Naph"thol, n. Etym: [Naphthalene + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of hydroxyl derivatives of naphthalene,
analogous to phenol. In general they are crystalline substances with
a phenol (carbolic) odor. Naphthol blue, Naphthol orange, Naphthol
yellow (Chem.), brilliant dyestuffs produced from certain complex
nitrogenous derivatives of naphthol or naphthoquinone.

NAPHTHOQUINONE
Naph`tho*qui"none, n. Etym: [Naphthalene + quinone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance, C10H6O2, analogous to quinone,
obtained by oxidizing naphthalene with chromic acid.

NAPHTHYL
Naph"thyl, n. Etym: [Naphthalene + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon radical regarded as the essential residue of
naphthalene.

NAPHTHYLAMINE
Naph`thyl*am"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of two basic amido derivatives of naphthalene, C10H7.NH2,
forming crystalline solids.

NAPIERIAN; NAPERIAN
Na*pie"ri*an, Na*pe"ri*an ,, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or discovered by, Napier, or Naper. Naperian
logarithms. See under Logarithms.

NAPIER'S BONES; NAPIER'S RODS
Na"pi*er's bones`, Na"pi*er's rods`.

Defn: A set of rods, made of bone or other material, each divided
into nine spaces, and containing the numbers of a column of the
multiplication table; -- a contrivance of Baron Napier, the inventor
of logarithms, for facilitating the operations of multiplication and
division.

NAPIFORM
Na"pi*form, a. Etym: [L. napus turnip + -form: cf. F. napiforme. Cf.
Navew.] (Bot.)

Defn: Turnip-shaped; large and round in the upper part, and very
slender below.

NAPKIN
Nap"kin, n. Etym: [Dim. of OF. nape a tablecloth, cloth, F. nappe, L.
mappa. See Napery.]

1. A little towel, or small cloth, esp. one for wiping the fingers
and mouth at table.

2. A handkerchief. [Obs.] Shak. Napkin pattern. See Linen scroll,
under Linen.
 -- Napkin ring, a ring of metal, ivory, or other material, used to
inclose a table napkin.

NAPLESS
Nap"less, a.

Defn: Without nap; threadbare. Shak.

NAPLES YELLOW
Na"ples yel"low.

Defn: See under Yellow.

NAPOLEON
Na*po"le*on, n. Etym: [From the Emperor Napoleon 1.]

Defn: A French gold coin of twenty francs, or about $3.86.

NAPOLEONIC
Na*po`le*on"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Napoleon I., or his family; resembling, or
having the qualities of, Napoleon I. Lowell.

NAPOLEONIST
Na*po"le*on*ist, n.

Defn: A supporter of the dynasty of the Napoleons.

NAPPE
Nappe, n. Etym: [F. nappe cloth, sheet. See Napery.] (Geom.)

Defn: Sheet; surface; all that portion of a surface that is
continuous in such a way that it is possible to pass from any one
point of the portion to any other point of the portion without
leaving the surface. Thus, some hyperboloids have one nappe, and some
have two.

NAPPINESS
Nap"pi*ness, n. Etym: [From 2d Nappy.]

Defn: The quality of having a nap; abundance of nap, as on cloth.

NAPPING
Nap"ping, n.

1. The act or process of raising a nap, as on cloth.

2. (Hat Making)

Defn: A sheet of partially felted fur before it is united to the hat
body. Knight.

NAPPY
Nap"py, a. Etym: [From 1st Nap.]

1. Inclined to sleep; sleepy; as, to feel nappy.

2. Tending to cause sleepiness; serving to make sleepy; strong;
heady; as, nappy ale. [Obs.] Wyatt.

NAPPY
Nap"py, a. Etym: [From 3d Nap.]

Defn: Having a nap or pile; downy; shaggy. Holland.

NAPPY
Nap"py, n.; pl. Nappies. Etym: [OE. nap, AS. hnæp cup, bowl. See
Hanaper.]

Defn: A round earthen dish, with a flat bottom and sloping sides.
[Written also nappie.]

NAP-TAKING
Nap"-tak`ing, n.

Defn: A taking by surprise; an unexpected onset or attack. Carew.

NAPU
Na*pu", n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very small chevrotain (Tragulus Javanicus), native of Java.
It is about the size of a hare, and is noted for its agility in
leaping. Called also Java musk deer, pygmy musk deer, and deerlet.

NAPUS
Na"pus, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of turnip. See Navew.

NARCEINE
Nar"ce*ine, n. Etym: [L. narce numbness, torpor, Gr. narcé\'8bne.]
(Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found in small quantities in opium, and extracted
as a white crystalline substance of a bitter astringent taste. It is
a narcotic. Called also narceia.

NARCISSINE
Nar*cis"sine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Narcissus.

NARCISSUS
Nar*cis"sus, n.; pl. Narcissuses. Etym: [L. narcissus, and
(personified) Narcissus, Gr. na`rkissos, Na`rkissos, fr. na`rkh
torpor, in allusion to the narcotic properties of the flower. Cf.
Narcotic.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of endogenous bulbous plants with handsome flowers,
having a cup-shaped crown within the six-lobed perianth, and
comprising the daffodils and jonquils of several kinds.

2. (Classical Myth.)

Defn: A beautiful youth fabled to have been enamored of his own image
as seen in a fountain, and to have been changed into the flower
called Narcissus.

NARCOSIS
Nar*co"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. na`rkwsis. See Narcotic.] (Med.)

Defn: Privation of sense or consciousness, due to a narcotic.

NARCOTIC
Nar*cot"ic, a. Etym: [F. narcotique, Gr. na`rkh numbness, torpor.]
(Med.)

Defn: Having the properties of a narcotic; operating as a narcotic.
 -- Nar*cot"ic*ness, n.

NARCOTIC
Nar*cot"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A drug which, in medicinal doses, generally allays morbid
susceptibility, relieves pain, and produces sleep; but which, in
poisonous doses, produces stupor, coma, or convulsions, and, when
given in sufficient quantity, causes death. The best examples are
opium (with morphine), belladonna (with atropine), and conium.
Nercotykes and opye (opium) of Thebes. Chaucer.

NARCOTICAL
Nar*cot"ic*al, a.

Defn: Narcotic.
 -- Nar*cot"ic*al*ly, adv.

NARCOTINE
Nar"co*tine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. narcotine. Cf. Cotarnine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found in opium, and extracted as a white
crystalline substance, tasteless and less poisonous than morphine; --
called also narcotia.

NARCOTINIC
Nar`co*tin"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to narcotine.

NARCOTISM
Nar"co*tism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. narcotisme.]

Defn: Narcosis; the state of being narcotized. G. Eliot.

NARCOTIZE
Nar"co*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Narcotized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Narcotizing.]

Defn: To imbue with, or subject to the influence of, a narcotic; to
put into a state of narcosis.

NARD
Nard, n. Etym: [AS., fr. L. nardus, Gr. nêrd, Per. nard, Scr.
nalada.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An East Indian plant (Nardostachys Jatamansi) of the Valerian
family, used from remote ages in Oriental perfumery.

2. An ointment prepared partly from this plant. See Spikenard.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of grass (Nardus stricta) of little value, found in
Europe and Asia.

NARDINE
Nard"ine, a. Etym: [L. nardinus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to nard; having the qualities of nard.

NARDOO
Nar*doo", n. (Bot.)

Defn: An Australian name for Marsilea Drummondii, a four-leaved
cryptogamous plant, sometimes used for food.

NARE
Nare, n. Etym: [L. naris.]

Defn: A nostril. [R.] B. Jonson.

NARES
Na"res, n. pl. Etym: [L., pl. of naris nostril.] (Anat.)

Defn: The nostrils or nasal openings, -- the anterior nares being the
external or proper nostrils, and the posterior nares, the openings of
the nasal cavities into the mouth or pharynx.

NARGILE; NARGILEH
Nar"gile, Nar"gi*leh, n. Etym: [Per. narghil, prop., a cocoanut;
prob. so called because first made of a cocoanut.]

Defn: An apparatus for smoking tobacco. It has a long flexible tube,
and the smoke is drawn through water.

NARICA
Nar"i*ca, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The brown coati. See Coati.

NARIFORM
Nar"i*form, a. Etym: [L. naris nostril + -form. See Nose.]

Defn: Formed like the nose.

NARINE
Nar"ine, a.

Defn: Of or belonging to the nostrils.

NARRABLE
Nar"ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. narrabilis, fr. narrare to narrate.]

Defn: Capable of being narrated or told. [Obs.]

NARRAGANSETTS
Nar`ra*gan"setts, n. pl.; sing. Narragansett (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited the shores of
Narragansett Bay.

NARRATE
Nar*rate", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Narrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Narrating.]
Etym: [L. narratus, p. p. of narrare to narrate, prob. for gnarigare,
fr. gnarus knowing. See Ignore, Know.]

Defn: To tell, rehearse, or recite, as a story; to relate the
particulars of; to go through with in detail, as an incident or
transaction; to give an account of.

Syn.
 -- To relate; recount; detail; describe.

NARRATION
Nar*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. narratio: cf. F. narration.]

1. The act of telling or relating the particulars of an event;
rehearsal; recital.

2. That which is related; the relation in words or writing of the
particulars of any transaction or event, or of any series of
transactions or events; story; history.

3. (Rhet.)

Defn: That part of a discourse which recites the time, manner, or
consequences of an action, or simply states the facts connected with
the subject.

Syn.
 -- Account; recital; rehearsal; relation; description; explanation;
detail; narrative; story; tale; history. See Account.

NARRATIVE
Nar"ra*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. narratif.]

1. Of or pertaining to narration; relating to the particulars of an
event or transaction.

2. Apt or inclined to relate stories, or to tell particulars of
events; story-telling; garrulous.
But wise through time, and narrative with age. Pope.

NARRATIVE
Nar"ra*tive, n.

Defn: That which is narrated; the recital of a story; a continuous
account of the particulars of an event or transaction; a story.
Cyntio was much taken with my narrative. Tatler.

Syn.
 -- Account; recital; rehearsal; relation; narration; story; tale.
See Account.

NARRATIVELY
Nar"ra*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In the style of narration.

NARRATOR
Nar*ra"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who narrates; one who relates a series of events or
transactions.

NARRATORY
Nar"ra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Giving an account of events; narrative; as, narratory letters.
Howell.

NARRE
Narre, a.

Defn: Nearer. [Obs.] Spenser.

NARROW
Nar"row, a. [Compar. Narrower; superl. Narrowest.] Etym: [OE. narwe,
naru, AS. nearu; akin to OS. naru, naro.]

1. Of little breadth; not wide or broad; having little distance from
side to side; as, a narrow board; a narrow street; a narrow hem.
Hath passed in safety through the narrow seas. Shak.

2. Of little extent; very limited; circumscribed.
The Jews were but a small nation, and confined to a narrow compass in
the world. Bp. Wilkins.

3. Having but a little margin; having barely sufficient space, time,
or number, etc.; close; near; -- with special reference to some peril
or misfortune; as, a narrow shot; a narrow escape; a narrow majority.
Dryden.

4. Limited as to means; straitened; pinching; as, narrow
circumstances.

5. Contracted; of limited scope; illiberal; bigoted; as, a narrow
mind; narrow views. "A narrow understanding." Macaulay.

6. Parsimonious; niggardly; covetous; selfish.
A very narrow and stinted charity. Smalridge.

7. Scrutinizing in detail; close; accurate; exact.
But first with narrow search I must walk round This garden, and no
corner leave unspied. Milton.

8. (Phon.)

Defn: Formed (as a vowel) by a close position of some part of the
tongue in relation to the palate; or (according to Bell) by a tense
condition of the pharynx; -- distinguished from wide; as e (eve) and
oo (food), etc., from ì (ìll) and oo (foot), etc. See Guide to
Pronunciation, § 13.

Note: Narrow is not unfrequently prefixed to words, especially to
participles and adjectives, forming compounds of obvious
signification; as, narrow-bordered, narrow-brimmed, narrow-breasted,
narrow-edged, narrow-faced, narrow-headed, narrow-leaved, narrow-
pointed, narrow-souled, narrow-sphered, etc. Narrow gauge. (Railroad)
See Note under Gauge, n., 6.

NARROW
Nar"row, n.; pl. Narrows (.

Defn: A narrow passage; esp., a contracted part of a stream, lake, or
sea; a strait connecting two bodies of water; -- usually in the
plural; as, The Narrows of New York harbor.
Near the island lay on one side the jaws of a dangerous narrow.
Gladstone.

NARROW
Nar"row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Narrowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Narrowing.]
Etym: [AS. nearwian.]

1. To lessen the breadth of; to contract; to draw into a smaller
compass; to reduce the width or extent of. Sir W. Temple.

2. To contract the reach or sphere of; to make less liberal or more
selfish; to limit; to confine; to restrict; as, to narrow one's views
or knowledge; to narrow a question in discussion.
Our knowledge is much more narrowed if we confine ourselves to our
own solitary reasonings. I. Watts.

3. (Knitting)

Defn: To contract the size of, as a stocking, by taking two stitches
into one.

NARROW
Nar"row, v. i.

1. To become less broad; to contract; to become narrower; as, the sea
narrows into a strait.

2. (Man.)

Defn: Not to step out enough to the one hand or the other; as, a
horse narrows. Farrier's Dict.

3. (Knitting)

Defn: To contract the size of a stocking or other knit article, by
taking two stitches into one.

NARROWER
Nar"row*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, narrows or contracts. Hannah More.

NARROWING
Nar"row*ing, n.

1. The act of contracting, or of making or becoming less in breadth
or extent.

2. The part of a stocking which is narrowed.

NARROWLY
Nar"row*ly, adv. Etym: [AS. nearulice.]

1. With little breadth; in a narrow manner.

2. Without much extent; contractedly.

3. With minute scrutiny; closely; as, to look or watch narrowly; to
search narrowly.

4. With a little margin or space; by a small distance; hence,
closely; hardly; barely; only just; -- often with reference to an
avoided danger or misfortune; as, he narrowly escaped.

5. Sparingly; parsimoniously.

NARROW-MINDED
Nar"row-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Of narrow mental scope; illiberal; mean.
 -- Nar"row-mind`ed*ness, n.

NARROWNESS
Nar"row*ness, n. Etym: [AS. nearunes.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being narrow.

NART
Nart. Etym: [For ne art.]

Defn: Art not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NARTHEX
Nar"thex, n. Etym: [L., giant fennel, Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A tall umbelliferous plant (Ferula communis). See Giant fennel,
under Fennel.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: The portico in front of ancient churches; sometimes, the atrium
or outer court surrounded by ambulatories; -- used, generally, for
any vestibule, lobby, or outer porch, leading to the nave of a
church.

NARWAL
Nar"wal, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Narwhal.

NARWE
Nar"we, a.

Defn: Narrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NARWHAL
Nar"whal, n. Etym: [Sw. or Dan. narvhal; akin to Icel. nahvalr, and
E. whale. the first syllable is perh. from Icel. nar corpse, dead
body, in allusion to the whitish color its skin. See Whale.] [Written
also narwhale.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An arctic cetacean (Monodon monocerous), about twenty feet
long. The male usually has one long, twisted, pointed canine tooth,
or tusk projecting forward from the upper jaw like a horn, whence it
is called also sea unicorn, unicorn fish, and unicorn whale.
Sometimes two horns are developed, side by side.

NAS
Nas. Etym: [For ne was.]

Defn: Was not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NAS
Nas. Etym: [Contr. fr. ne has.]

Defn: Has not. [Obs.] Spenser.

NASAL
Na"sal, a. Etym: [F., from L. nasus the nose. See Nose.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the nose.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: Having a quality imparted by means of the nose; and
specifically, made by lowering the soft palate, in some cases with
closure of the oral passage, the voice thus issuing (wholly or
partially) through the nose, as in the consonants m, n, ng (see Guide
to Pronunciation, §§ 20, 208); characterized by resonance in the
nasal passage; as, a nasal vowel; a nasal utterance. Nasal bones
(Anat.), two bones of the skull, in front of the frontals.
 -- Nasal index (Anat.), in the skull, the ratio of the transverse
the base of the aperture to the nasion, which latter distance is
taken as the standard, equal to 100.

NASAL
Na"sal, n.

1. An elementary sound which is uttered through the nose, or through
both the nose and the mouth simultaneously.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine that operates through the nose; an errhine.
[Archaic]

3. (Anc. Armor)

Defn: Part of a helmet projecting to protect the nose; a nose guard.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the nasal bones.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A plate, or scale, on the nose of a fish, etc.

NASALITY
Na*sal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. nasalité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being nasal.

NASALIZATION
Na`sal*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of nasalizing, or the state of being nasalized.

NASALIZE
Na"sal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nasalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Nasalizing.]

Defn: To render nasal, as sound; to insert a nasal or sound in.

NASALIZE
Na"sal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To utter words or letters with a nasal sound; to speak through
the nose.

NASALLY
Na"sal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a nasal manner; by the nose.

NASCAL
Nas"cal, n. Etym: [F. nascale.] (Med.)

Defn: A kind of pessary of medicated wool or cotton, formerly used.

NASCENCY
Nas"cen*cy, n. Etym: [L. nascentia. See Nascent.]

Defn: State of being nascent; birth; beginning; origin.

NASCENT
Nas"cent, a. Etym: [L. nascens, -entis, p.pr. nasci to be born. See
Nation, and cf. Naissant.]

1. Commencing, or in process of development; beginning to exist or to
grow; coming into being; as, a nascent germ.
Nascent passions and anxieties. Berkley.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Evolving; being evolved or produced. Nascent state (Chem.), the
supposed instantaneous or momentary state of an uncombined atom or
radical just separated from one compound acid, and not yet united
with another, -- a hypothetical condition implying peculiarly active
chemical properties; as, hydrogen in the nascent state is a strong
reducer.

NASEBERRY
Nase"ber`ry, n. Etym: [Sp. nispero medlar and naseberry tree, fr. L.
mespilus. See Medlar.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tropical fruit. See Sapodilla. [Written also nisberry.]

NASH
Nash, a. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Firm; stiff; hard; also, chilly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

NASICORNOUS
Nas`i*cor"nous, a. Etym: [L. nasus nose + cornu horn: cf. F.
nasicorne.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Bearing a horn, or horns, on the nose, as the rhinoceros.

NASIFORM
Nas"i*form, a. Etym: [L. nasus nose + -form. See Nose, and cf.
Nariform.]

Defn: Having the shape of a nose.

NASION
Na*si*on, n. Etym: [Nl., fr. L. nasus nose.] (Anat.)

Defn: The middle point of the nasofrontal suture.

NASO-
Na"so- (. Etym: [L. nasus nose.] (Anat.)

Defn: A combining form denoting pertaining to, or connected with, the
nose; as, nasofrontal.

NASOBUCCAL
Na"so*buc"cal, a. Etym: [Naso + buccal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Connected with both the nose and the mouth; as, the nasobuccal
groove in the skate.

NASOFRONTAL
Na`so*fron"tal, a. Etym: [Naso- + frontal.] (Anat.)

Defn: of or pertaining to the nose and the front of the head; as, the
embryonic nasofrontal process which forms the anterior boundary of
the mouth.

NASOLACHRYMAL
Na`so*lach"ry*mal, a. Etym: [Naso- + lachrymal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Connected with the lachrymal apparatus and the nose; as, the
nasolachrymal, or lachrymal duct.

NASOPALATAL; NASOPALATINE
Na`so*pal"a*tal, Na`so*pal"a*tine, a. Etym: [Naso- + palatal.]
(Anat.)

Defn: Connected with both the nose and the palate; as, the
nasopalatine or incisor, canal connecting the mouth and the nasal
chamber in some animals; the nasopalatine nerve.

NASOPHARYNGEAL
Na`so*phar`yn*ge"al ( or , a. Etym: [Naso- + pharyngeal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to both throat and nose; as, a nasopharyngeal
polypus.

NASOSEPTAL
Na`so*sep"tal, a. Etym: [Naso- + septal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the internasal septum.

NASOTURBINAL
Na`so*tur"bi*nal, a. Etym: [Naso- + turbinal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Connected with, or near, both the turbinal and the nasal bones;
as, the nasalturbinal bone, made up of the uppermost lammelæ of the
ethmoturbinal, and sometimes united with the nasal.
 -- n.

Defn: The nasoturbinal bone.

NASSA
Nas"sa, n.; pl. E. Nassas, L. NassÆ. Etym: [From L. nassa a kind of
basket, in allusion to the reticulation of some species.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of marine gastropods, of the genera Nassa, Tritia,
and other allied genera of the family Nassidæ; a dog whelk. See
Illust. under Gastropoda.
 -- nas"soid, a.

NASTILY
Nas"ti*ly, adv.

Defn: In a nasty manner.

NASTINESS
Nas"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being nasty; extreme filthness;
dirtiness; also, indecency; obscenity.
The nastiness of Plautus and Aristophanes. Dryden.

NASTURTION
Nas*tur"tion, n. Etym: [See Nasturtium.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Nasturtium.

NASTURTIUM
Nas*tur"tium, n. Etym: [L. nasturtium, for nasitortium, fr. nasus
nose + torquere, tortum, to twist, torture, in allusion to the
causing one to make a wry face by its pungent taste. See Nose of the
face, and Torture.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of cruciferous plants, having white or yellowish
flowers, including several species of cress. They are found chiefly
in wet or damp grounds, and have a pungent biting taste.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Tropæolum, geraniaceous herbs, having
mostly climbing stems, peltate leaves, and spurred flowers, and
including the common Indian cress (Tropæolum majus), the canary-bird
flower (T. peregrinum), and about thirty more species, all natives of
South America. The whole plant has a warm pungent flavor, and the
fleshy fruits are used as a substitute for capers, while the leaves
and flowers are sometimes used in salads.

NASTY
Nas"ty, a. [Compar. Nastier (; superl. Nastiest.] Etym: [For older
nasky; cf. dial. Sw. naskug, nasket.]

1. Offensively filthy; very dirty, foul, or defiled; disgusting;
nauseous.

2. Hence, loosely: Offensive; disagreeable; unpropitious; wet;
drizzling; as, a nasty rain, day, sky.

3. Characterized by obcenity; indecent; indelicate; gross; filthy.

Syn.
 -- Nasty, Filthy, Foul, Dirty. Anything nasty is usually wet or damp
as well as filthy or dirty, and disgusts by its stickness or odor;
but filthy and foul imply that a thing is filled or covered with
offensive matter, while dirty describes it as defiled or sullied with
dirt of any kind; as, filthy clothing, foul vapors, etc.

NASUTE
Na"sute, a. Etym: [L. nasutus, fr. nasus the nose.]

1. Having a nice sense of smell. [Obs.] Evelyn.

2. Critically nice; captious. [Obs.] auden.

NASUTNESS
Na"sut*ness, n.

Defn: Quickness of scent; hence, nice discernment; acuteness. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.

NAT
Nat, adv.

Defn: Not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NAT
Nat Etym: [For ne at.]

Defn: Not at; nor at. [Obs.] haucer.

NATAL
Na"tal, a. Etym: [L. natalis, fr. natus, p.p. of nasci to be born:
cf. F. natal. See Nation, and cf. Noel.]

1. Of or pertaining to one's birth; accompying or dating from one's
birth; native.
Princes' children took names from their natal places. Camden.
Propitious star, whose sacred power Presided o'er the monarch's natal
hour. Prior.

2. (Actrol.)

Defn: Presiding over nativity; as, natal Jove.

Syn.
 -- Native, natural. See Native.

NATAL BOIL
Na*tal" boil. (Med.)

Defn: = Aleppo boil.

NATALITIAL; NATALITIOUS
Na`ta*li"tial, Na`ta*li"tious, a. Etym: [L. natalitius, from natalis.
See Natal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to one's birth or birthday, or one's nativity.
[Obs.] "Natalitial poplar." Evelyn. "Natalitious fire." W.
Cartwright.

NATALOIN
Na*tal"o*in, n. Etym: [From Natal aloes.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter crystalline substance constituting the essential
principle of Natal aloes. Cf. Aloon.

NATAL PLUM
Na*tal" plum`. (Bot.)

Defn: The drupaceous fruit of two South African shrubs of the genus
Arduina (A. bispinosa and A. grandiflora).

NATALS
Na"tals, n. pl.

Defn: One's birth, or the circumstances attending it. [Obs.] Fitz-
Geffry.

NATANT
Na"tant, a. Etym: [L. natans, -antis, from swim, v. intens. fr. nare
to swim: cf. F. natant.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Floating in water, as the leaves of water lilies, or submersed,
as those of many aquatic plants.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Placed horizontally across the field, as if swimmimg toward the
dexter side; said of all sorts of fishes except the flying fish.

NATANTLY
Na"tant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a floating manner; swimmingly.

NATATION
Na*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. natatio, fr. natare to swim: cf. F.
natation. See Natant.]

Defn: The act of floating on the water; swimming. Sir T. Browne.

NATATORES
Na`ta*to"res, n. pl. Etym: [L. natator a swimmer.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The swimming birds.

Note: They were formerly united into one order, which is now
considered an artifical group.

NATATORIAL
Na`ta*to"rial, a.

Defn: Inclined or adapted to swim; swimming; as, natatorial birds.

NATATORIOUS
Na`ta*to"ri*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Adapted for swimming; -- said of the legs of certain insects.

NATATORIUM
Na`ta*to"rium, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A swimming bath.

NATATORY
Na"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. natatorius.]

Defn: Adapted for swimming or floating; as, natatory organs.

NATCH
Natch, n. Etym: [OF. nache fesse, LL. natica, from L. natis the rump,
buttocks. Cf. Aitchbone.]

Defn: The rump of beef; esp., the lower and back part of the rump.
Natch bone, the edgebone, or aitchbone, in beef.

NATCHEZ
Natch"ez, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians who formerly lived near the site of the city
of Natchez, Mississippi. In 1729 they were subdued by the French; the
survivors joined the Creek Confederacy.

NATCHNEE
Natch"nee, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An annual grass (Eleusine coracona), cultivated in India as a
food plant.

NATES
Na"tes, n. pl. Etym: [L., the buttocks.]

1. (Anat.)
(a) The buttocks.
(b) The two anterior of the four lobes on the dorsal side of the
midbrain of most mammals; the anterior optic lobes.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The umbones of a bivalve shell.

NATH
Nath. Etym: [Contr. fr. ne hath,]

Defn: hath not. [Obs.]

NATHLESS
Nath"less, adv. Etym: [OE. natheles, na the les, not the less, AS. na
never. See Na, The, conj., and cf. Nevertheless.]

Defn: Nevertheless. [Archaic] Chaucer. Milton. E. Arnold.

NATHMORE
Nath"more`, adv. Etym: [OE. na the more.]

Defn: Not the more; never the more. [Obs.] penser.

NATICA
Nat"i*ca, n.; pl. Naticas (, L. NaticÆ (. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine gastropods belonging to
Natica, Lunatia, Neverita, and other allied genera (family Naticidæ.)
They burrow beneath the sand, or mud, and drill other shells.

NATICOID
Nat"i*coid, a. Etym: [Natica + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or belonging to Natica, or the family Naticæ.

NATION
Na"tion, n. Etym: [F. nation, L. natio nation, race, orig., a being
born, fr. natus, p.p. of nasci, to be born, for gnatus, gnaci, from
the same root as E. kin. *44. See Kin kindred, and cf. Cognate,
Natal, Native.]

1. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A part, or division, of the people of the earth, distinguished
from the rest by common descent, language, or institutions; a race; a
stock.
All nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues. Rev. vii. 9.

2. The body of inhabitants of a country, united under an independent
government of their own.
A nation is the unity of a people. Coleridge.
Praise the power that hath made and preserved us a nation. F. S. Key.

3. Family; lineage. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4.
(a) One of the divisions of university students in a classification
according to nativity, formerly common in Europe.
(b) (Scotch Universities) One of the four divisions (named from the
parts of Scotland) in which students were classified according to
their nativity.

5. A great number; a great deal; -- by way of emphasis; as, a nation
of herbs. Sterne. Five nations. See under Five.
 -- Law of nations. See International law, under International, and
Law.

Syn.
 -- people; race. See People.

NATIONAL
Na"tion*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. national.]

1. Of or pertaining to a nation; common to a whole people or race;
public; general; as, a national government, language, dress, custom,
calamity, etc.

2. Attached to one's own country or nation. National anthem, a
popular song or hymn which has become by general acceptance the
recognized musical expression of the patriotic sentiment of a nation;
as, "God save the King" is called the national anthem of England.
 -- National bank, the official common name of a class of banking
corporations established under the laws of the United States.
 -- National flag. See under Flag.
 -- National guard, a body of militia, or a local military
organization, as in Paris during the French Revolution, or as certain
bodies of militia in other European countries and in the United
States.
 -- National salute, a salute consisting of as many guns as there are
States in the Union. [U.S.]

NATIONALISM
Na"tion*al*ism, n.

1. The state of being national; national attachment; nationality.

2. An idiom, trait, or character peculiar to any nation.

3. National independence; the principles of the Nationalists.

NATIONALIST
Na"tion*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who advocates national unity and independence; one of a
party favoring Irish independence.

NATIONALITY
Na`tion*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Nationalities. Etym: [Cf. F. nationalité.]

1. The quality of being national, or strongly attached to one's own
nation; patriotism.

2. The sum of the qualities which distinguish a nation; national
character.

3. A race or people, as determined by common language and character,
and not by political bias or divisions; a nation.
the fulfillment of his mission is to be looked for in the condition
of nationalities and the character of peoples. H. W. Beecher.

4. Existence as a distinct or individual nation; national unity and
integrity.

5. The state or quality of belonging to or being connected with a
nation or government by nativity, character, ownership, allegiance,
etc.

NATIONALIZATION
Na`tion*al*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of nationalizing, or the state of being nationalized.

NATIONALIZE
Na"tion*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nationalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Nationalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. nationaliser.]

Defn: To make national; to make a nation of; to endow with the
character and habits of a nation, or the peculiar sentiments and
attachment of citizens of a nation.

NATIONALLY
Na"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a national manner or way; as a nation. "The jews ... being
nationally espoused to God by covenant." South.

NATIONALNESS
Na"tion*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being national; nationality. Johnson.

NATIONALRATH
Na`ti*o*nal"rath`, n. [G.] (Switzerland)

Defn: See Legislature.

NATIVE
Na"tive, a. Etym: [F. natif, L. nativus, fr. nasci, p.p. natus. See
Nation, and cf. Naïve, Nelf a serf.]

1. Arising by birth; having an origin; born. [Obs.]
Anaximander's opinion is, that the gods are native, rising and
vanishing again in long periods of times. Cudworth.

2. Of or pertaining to one's birth; natal; belonging to the place or
the circumstances in which one is born; -- opposed to foreign; as,
native land, language, color, etc.

3. Born in the region in which one lives; as, a native inhabitant,
race; grown or originating in the region where used or sold; not
foreign or imported; as, native oysters, or strawberries.

4. Original; constituting the original substance of anything; as,
native dust. Milton.

5. Conferred by birth; derived from origin; born with one; inherent;
inborn; not acquired; as, native genius, cheerfulness, simplicity,
rights, etc.
Courage is native to you. Jowett (Thucyd. ).

6. Naturally related; cognate; connected (with). [R.]
the head is not more native to the heart, ... Than is the throne of
Denmark to thy father. Shak.

7. (Min.)
(a) Found in nature uncombined with other elements; as, native
silver.
(b) Found in nature; not artificial; as native sodium chloride.
Native American party. See under American, a.
 -- Native bear (Zoöl.), the koala.
 -- Native bread (Bot.), a large underground fungus, of Australia
(Mylitta australis), somewhat resembling a truffle, but much larger.
 -- Native devil. (Zoöl.) Same as Tasmanian devil, under Devil.
 -- Native hen (Zoöl.), an Australian rail (Tribonyx Mortierii).
 -- Native pheasant. (Zoöl.) See Leipoa.
 -- Native rabbit (Zoöl.), an Australian marsupial (Perameles
lagotis) resembling a rabbit in size and form.
 -- Native sloth (Zoöl.), the koala.
 -- Native thrush (Zoöl.), an Australian singing bird (Pachycephala
olivacea); -- called also thickhead.
 -- Native turkey (Zoöl.), the Australian bustard (Choriotis
australis); -- called also bebilya.

Syn.
 -- Natural; natal; original; congential.
 -- Native, Natural, Natal. natural refers to the nature of a thing,
or that which springs therefrom; native, to one's birth or origin;
as, a native country, language, etc.; natal, to the circumstances of
one's birth; as, a natal day, or star. Native talent is that which is
inborn; natural talent is that which springs from the structure of
the mind. Native eloquence is the result of strong innate emotion;
natural eloquence is opposed to that which is studied or artifical.

NATIVE
Na"tive, n.

1. One who, or that which, is born in a place or country referred to;
a denizen by birth; an animal, a fruit, or vegetable, produced in a
certain region; as, a native of France.

2. (Stock Breeding)

Defn: Any of the live stock found in a region, as distinguished from
such as belong to pure and distinct imported breeds. [U.S.]

NATIVELY
Na"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By natural or original condition; naturally; originally.

NATIVENESS
Na"tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being native.

NATIVE STEEL
Na"tive steel.

Defn: A sort of steel which has been found where a burning coal seam
had reduced and carbonized adjacent iron ore.

NATIVISM
Na"tiv*ism, n.

1. The disposition to favor the native inhabitants of a country, in
preference to immigrants from foreign countries.

2. (Philos.)

Defn: The doctrine of innate ideas, or that the mind possesses forms
of thought independent of sensation.

NATIVIST
Na"tiv*ist, n.

Defn: An advocate of nativism.

NATIVISTIC
Na`tiv*is"tic, a.

Defn: Relating to nativism.

NATIVITY
Na*tiv"i*ty, n.; pl. Nativies. Etym: [F. nativité, L. nativitas. See
Native, and cf. NaïvetÉ.]

1. The coming into life or into the world; birth; also, the
circumstances attending birth, as time, place, manner, etc. Chaucer.
I have served him from the hour of my nativity. Shak.
Thou hast left ... the land of thy nativity. Ruth ii. 11.
These in their dark nativity the deep Shall yield us, pregnant with
infernal flame. Milton.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: A picture representing or symbolizing the early infancy of
Christ. The simplest form is the babe in a rude cradle, and the heads
of an ox and an ass to express the stable in which he was born.

3. (Astrol.)

Defn: A representation of the positions of the heavenly bodies as the
moment of one's birth, supposed to indicate his future destinies; a
horoscope. The Nativity, the birth or birthday of Christ; Christmas
day.
 -- To cast, or calculate, one's nativity (Astrol.), to find out and
represent the position of the heavenly bodies at the time of one's
birth.

NATKA
Nat"ka, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of shrike.

NATRIUM
Na"tri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Natron.] (Chem.)

Defn: The technical name for sodium.

NATROLITE
Na"tro*lite, n. Etym: [Natron + -lite: cf. F. natrolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A zeolite occuring in groups of glassy acicular crystals, and
in masses which often have a radiated structure. It is a hydrous
silicate of alumina and soda.

NATRON
Na"tron, n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. natron, Ar. natrun, nitrun. Cf. Niter,
Anatron.] (Min.)

Defn: Native sodium carbonate. [Written also anatron.]

NATTER
Nat"ter, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Icel. knetta to grumble.]

Defn: To find fault; to be peevish. [Prov. Eng. or Scot.]

NATTERJACK
Nat"ter*jack`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European toad (Bufo calamita), having a yellow line along its
back.

NATTY
Nat"ty, a. Etym: [Cf. Neat clean.]

Defn: Neat; tidy; spruce. [Colloq.] -- Nat"ti*ly, adv.
 -- Nat"ti*ness, n.

NATURAL
Nat"u*ral, a. Etym: [OE. naturel, F. naturel, fr. L. naturalis, fr.
natura. See Nature.]

1. Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the constitution of a
thing; belonging to native character; according to nature; essential;
characteristic; not artifical, foreign, assumed, put on, or acquired;
as, the natural growth of animals or plants; the natural motion of a
gravitating body; natural strength or disposition; the natural heat
of the body; natural color.
With strong natural sense, and rare force of will. Macaulay.

2. Conformed to the order, laws, or actual facts, of nature;
consonant to the methods of nature; according to the stated course of
things, or in accordance with the laws which govern events, feelings,
etc.; not exceptional or violent; legitimate; normal; regular; as,
the natural consequence of crime; a natural death.
What can be more natural than the circumstances in the behavior of
those women who had lost their husbands on this fatal day Addison.

3. Having to do with existing system to things; dealing with, or
derived from, the creation, or the world of matter and mind, as known
by man; within the scope of human reason or experience; not
supernatural; as, a natural law; natural science; history, theology.
I call that natural religion which men might know ... by the mere
principles of reason, improved by consideration and experience,
without the help of revelation. Bp. Wilkins.

4. Conformed to truth or reality; as:
(a) Springing from true sentiment; not artifical or exaggerated; --
said of action, delivery, etc.; as, a natural gesture, tone, etc.
(b) Resembling the object imitated; true to nature; according to the
life; -- said of anything copied or imitated; as, a portrait is
natural.

5. Having the character or sentiments properly belonging to one's
position; not unnatural in feelings.
To leave his wife, to leave his babes, ... He wants the natural
touch. Shak.

6. Connected by the ties of consanguinity. "Natural friends." J. H.
Newman.

7. Begotten without the sanction of law; born out of wedlock;
illegitimate; bastard; as, a natural child.

8. Of or pertaining to the lower or animal nature, as contrasted with
the higher or moral powers, or that which is spiritual; being in a
state of nature; unregenerate.
The natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God. 1 Cor.
ii. 14.

9. (Math.)

Defn: Belonging to, to be taken in, or referred to, some system, in
which the base is 1; -- said or certain functions or numbers; as,
natural numbers, those commencing at 1; natural sines, cosines, etc.,
those taken in arcs whose radii are 1.

10. (Mus.)
(a) Produced by natural organs, as those of the human throat, in
distinction from instrumental music.
(b) of or pertaining to a key which has neither a flat nor a sharp
for its signature, as the key of C major.
(c) Applied to an air or modulation of harmony which moves by easy
and smooth transitions, digressing but little from the original key.
Moore (Encyc. of Music). Natural day, the space of twenty-four hours.
Chaucer.
 -- Natural fats, Natural gas, etc. See under Fat, Gas. etc.
 -- Natural Harmony (Mus.), the harmony of the triad or common chord.
 -- Natural history, in its broadest sense, a history or description
of nature as a whole, incuding the sciences of botany, zoölogy,
geology, mineralogy, paleontology, chemistry, and physics. In recent
usage the term is often restricted to the sciences of botany and
zoölogy collectively, and sometimes to the science of zoology alone.
 -- Natural law, that instinctive sense of justice and of right and
wrong, which is native in mankind, as distinguished from specifically
revealed divine law, and formulated human law.
 -- Natural modulation (Mus.), transition from one key to its
relative keys.
 -- Natural order. (Nat. Hist.) See under order.
 -- Natural person. (Law) See under person, n.
 -- Natural philosophy, originally, the study of nature in general;
in modern usage, that branch of physical science, commonly called
physics, which treats of the phenomena and laws of matter and
considers those effects only which are unaccompanied by any change of
a chemical nature; -- contrasted with mental and moral philosophy.
 -- Natural scale (Mus.), a scale which is written without flats or
sharps. Model would be a preferable term, as less likely to mislead,
the so-called artificial scales (scales represented by the use of
flats and sharps) being equally natural with the so-called natural
scale -- Natural science, natural history, in its broadest sense; --
used especially in contradistinction to mental or moral science.
 -- Natural selection (Biol.), a supposed operation of natural laws
analogous, in its operation and results, to designed selection in
breeding plants and animals, and resulting in the survival of the
fittest. The theory of natural selection supposes that this has been
brought about mainly by gradual changes of environment which have led
to corresponding changes of structure, and that those forms which
have become so modified as to be best adapted to the changed
environment have tended to survive and leave similarly adapted
descendants, while those less perfectly adapted have tended to die
out though lack of fitness for the environment, thus resulting in the
survival of the fittest. See Darwinism.
 -- Natural system (Bot. & Zoöl.), a classification based upon real
affinities, as shown in the structure of all parts of the organisms,
and by their embryology.
It should be borne in mind that the natural system of botany is
natural only in the constitution of its genera, tribes, orders, etc.,
and in its grand divisions. Gray.
-- Natural theology, or Natural religion, that part of theological
science which treats of those evidences of the existence and
attributes of the Supreme Being which are exhibited in nature; --
distinguished from revealed religion. See Quotation under Natural,
a., 3.
 -- Natural vowel, the vowel sound heard in urn, furl, sir, her,
etc.; -- so called as being uttered in the easiest open position of
the mouth organs. See Neutral vowel, under Neutral and Guide to
Pronunciation, § 17.

Syn.
 -- See Native.

NATURAL
Nat"u*ral, n.

1. A native; an aboriginal. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

2. pl.

Defn: Natural gifts, impulses, etc. [Obs.] Fuller.

3. One born without the usual powers of reason or understanding; an
idiot. "The minds of naturals." Locke.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A character [] used to contradict, or to remove the effect of,
a sharp or flat which has preceded it, and to restore the unaltered
note.

NATURALISM
Nat"u*ral*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. naturalisme.]

1. A state of nature; conformity to nature.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: The doctrine of those who deny a supernatural agency in the
miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in spiritual
influences; also, any system of philosophy which refers the phenomena
of nature to a blind force or forces acting necessarily or according
to fixed laws, excluding origination or direction by one intelligent
will.

NATURALIST
Nat"u*ral*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. naturaliste.]

1. One versed in natural science; a student of natural history, esp.
of the natural history of animals.

2. One who holds or maintains the doctrine of naturalism in religion.
H. Bushnell.

NATURALISTIC
Nat`u*ral*is"tic, a.

1. Belonging to the doctrines of naturalism.

2. Closely resembling nature; realistic. "Naturalistic bit of
pantomime." W. D. Howells.

NATURALITY
Nat`u*ral"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. naturalitas: cf. F. naturalité.]

Defn: Nature; naturalness. [R.]

NATURALIZATION
Nat`u*ral*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. naturalisation.]

Defn: The act or process of naturalizing, esp. of investing an alien
with the rights and privileges of a native or citizen; also, the
state of being naturalized.

NATURALIZE
Nat"u*ral*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Naturalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Naturalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. naturaliser. See Natural.]

1. To make natural; as, custom naturalizes labor or study.

2. To confer the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen
on; to make as if native; to adopt, as a foreigner into a nation or
state, and place in the condition of a native subject.

3. To receive or adopt as native, natural, or vernacular; to make
one's own; as, to naturalize foreign words.

4. To adapt; to accustom; to habituate; to acclimate; to cause to
grow as under natural conditions.
Its wearer suggested that pears and peaches might yet be naturalized
in the New England climate. Hawthorne.

NATURALIZE
Nat"u*ral*ize, v. i.

1. To become as if native.

2. To explain phenomena by natural agencies or laws, to the exclusion
of the supernatural.
Infected by this naturalizing tendency. H. Bushnell.

NATURALLY
Nat"u*ral*ly, adv.

Defn: In a natural manner or way; according to the usual course of
things; spontaneously.

NATURALNESS
Nat"u*ral*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being natural; conformity to nature.

NATURAL STEEL
Nat"u*ral steel.

Defn: Steel made by the direct refining of cast iron in a finery, or,
as wootz, by a direct process from the ore.

NATURE
Na"ture, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. natura, fr. natus born, produced, p.p.
of nasci to be born. See Nation.]

1. The existing system of things; the world of matter, or of matter
and mind; the creation; the universe.
But looks through nature up to nature's God. Pope.
Nature has caprices which art can not imitate. Macaulay.

2. The personified sum and order of causes and effects; the powers
which produce existing phenomena, whether in the total or in detail;
the agencies which carry on the processes of creation or of being; --
often conceived of as a single and separate entity, embodying the
total of all finite agencies and forces as disconnected from a
creating or ordering intelligence.
I oft admire How Nature, wise and frugal, could commit Such
disproportions. Milton.

3. The established or regular course of things; usual order of
events; connection of cause and effect.

4. Conformity to that which is natural, as distinguished from that
which is artifical, or forced, or remote from actual experience.
One touch of nature makes the whole world kin. Shak.

5. The sum of qualities and attributes which make a person or thing
what it is, as distinct from others; native character; inherent or
essential qualities or attributes; peculiar constitution or quality
of being.
Thou, therefore, whom thou only canst redeem, Their nature also to
thy nature join, And be thyself man among men on earth. Milton.

6. Hence: Kind, sort; character; quality.
A dispute of this nature caused mischief. Dryden.

7. Physical constitution or existence; the vital powers; the natural
life. "My days of nature." Shak.
Oppressed nature sleeps. Shak.

8. Natural affection or reverence.
Have we not seen The murdering son ascend his parent's bed, Through
violated nature foce his way Pope.

9. Constitution or quality of mind or character.
A born devil, on whose nature Nurture can never stick. Shak.
That reverence which is due to a superior nature. Addison.
Good nature, Ill nature. see under Good and Ill.
 -- In a state of nature. (a) Naked as when born; nude. (b) In a
condition of sin; unregenerate. (c) Untamed; uncvilized.
 -- Nature printng, a process of printing from metallic or other
plates which have received an impression, as by heavy pressure, of an
object such as a leaf, lace, or the like.
 -- Nature worship, the worship of the personified powers of nature.
 -- To pay the debt of nature, to die.

NATURE
Na"ture, v. t.

Defn: To endow with natural qualities. [Obs.]
He [God] which natureth every kind. Gower.

NATURED
Na"tured, a.

Defn: Having (such) a nature, temper, or disposition; disposed; --
used in composition; as, good-natured, ill-natured, etc.

NATURELESS
Na"ture*less, a.

Defn: Not in accordance with nature; unnatural. [Obs.] Milton.

NATURISM
Na"tur*ism, n. (Med.)

Defn: The belief or doctrine that attributes everything to nature as
a sanative agent.

NATURIST
Na"tur*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in, or conforms to, the theory of naturism.
Boyle.

NATURITY
Na*tu"ri*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being produced by nature. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

NATURIZE
Na"tur*ize, v. t.

Defn: To endow with a nature or qualities; to refer to nature. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.

NAUFRAGE
Nau"frage (; 48), n. Etym: [F., fr. L. naufragium; navis + frangere.]

Defn: Shipwreck; ruin. [Obs.] acon.

NAUFRAGOUS
Nau"fra*gous, a. Etym: [L. naufragus. See Naufrage.]

Defn: causing shipwreck. [Obs.] r. Taylor.

NAUGHT
Naught, n. Etym: [OE. naught, nought, naht, nawiht, AS. n, n, n; ne
not + wiht thing, whit; hence, not ever a whit. See No, adv. Whit,
and cf. Aught, Not.]

1. Nothing. [Written also nought.]
Doth Job fear God for naught Job i. 9.

2. The arithmetical character 0; a cipher. See Cipher. To set at
naught, to treat as of no account; to disregard; to despise; to defy;
to treat with ignominy. "Ye have set at naught all my counsel." Prov.
i. 25.

NAUGHT
Naught, adv.

Defn: In no degree; not at all. Chaucer.
To wealth or sovereign power he naught applied. Fairfax.

NAUGHT
Naught, a.

1. Of no value or account; worthless; bad; useless.
It is naught, it is naught, saith the buyer. Prov. xx. 14.
Go, get you to your house; begone, away! All will be naught else.
Shak.
Things naught and things indifferent. Hooker.

2. Hence, vile; base; naughty. [Obs.]
No man can be stark naught at once. Fuller.

NAUGHTILY
Naugh"ti*ly, adv.

Defn: In a naughty manner; wickedly; perversely. Shak.

NAUGHTINESS
Naugh"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being naughty; perverseness; badness;
wickedness.
I know thy pride, and the naughtiness of thine heart. 1 Sam. xvii.
28.

NAUGHTLY
Naught"ly, adv.

Defn: Naughtily; wrongly. [Obs.]
because my parents naughtly brought me up. Mir. for Mag.

NAUGHTY
Naugh"ty, a. [Compar. Naughtier; superl. Naughtiest.]

1. Having little or nothing. [Obs.]
[Men] that needy be and naughty, help them with thy goods. Piers
Plowman.

2. Worthless; bad; good for nothing. [Obs.]
The other basket had very naughty figs. Jer. xxiv. 2.

3. hence, corrupt; wicked. [Archaic]
So shines a good deed in a naughty world. Shak.

4. Mischievous; perverse; froward; guilty of disobedient or improper
conduct; as, a naughty child.

Note: This word is now seldom used except in the latter sense, as
applied to children, or in sportive censure.

NAUHEIM TREATMENT; NAUHEIM BATH
Nau"heim treat`ment. (Med.)

Defn: Orig., a method of therapeutic treatment administered, esp. for
chronic diseases of the curculatory system, at Bad Nauheim, Germany,
by G. Schott, consisting in baths in the natural mineral waters of
that place, which are charged with carbonic acid, and the use of a
graduated course of rest, physical exercises, massage, etc.; hence,
any similar treatment using waters artificially charged with the
essential ingredients of the natural mineral waters of Bad Nauheim.
Hence, Nauheim bath, etc.

NAUMACHY
Nau"ma*chy, n. Etym: [L. naumachia, Gr.

1. A naval battle; esp., a mock sea fight.

2. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A show or spectacle representing a sea fight; also, a place for
such exhibitions.

NAUPLIUS
Nau"pli*us, n.; pl. Nauplii. Etym: [L., a kind of shellfish, fr. Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A crustacean larva having three pairs of locomotive organs
(corresponding to the antennules, antennæ, and mandibles), a median
eye, and little or no segmentation of the body.

NAUROPOMETER
Nau`ro*pom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Naut.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the amount which a ship heels at
sea.

NAUSCOPY
Naus"co*py, n. Etym: [Gr. -scopy: cf. F. nauscopie.] (Naut.)

Defn: The power or act of discovering ships or land at considerable
distances.

NAUSEA
Nau"se*a ( or , n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Nave of a church, and cf.
Noise.]

Defn: Seasickness; hence, any similar sickness of the stomach
accompanied with a propensity to vomit; qualm; squeamishness of the
stomach; loathing.

NAUSEANT
Nau"se*ant, n. Etym: [L. nauseans, p.pr. Of nauseare.] (Med.)

Defn: A substance which produces nausea.

NAUSEATE
Nau"se*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nauseated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Nauseating.] Etym: [L. nauseare, nauseatum, fr. nausea. See Nausea.]

Defn: To become squeamish; to feel nausea; to turn away with disgust.

NAUSEATE
Nau"se*ate, v. t.

1. To affect with nausea; to sicken; to cause to feel loathing or
disgust.

2. To sicken at; to reject with disgust; to loathe.
The patient nauseates and loathes wholesome foods. Blackmore.

NAUSEATION
Nau`se*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of nauseating, or the state of being nauseated.

NAUSEATIVE
Nau"se*a*tive ( or , a.

Defn: Causing nausea; nauseous.

NAUSEOUS
Nau"seous, a. Etym: [L. nauseosus.]

Defn: Causing, or fitted to cause, nausea; sickening; loathsome;
disgusting; exciting abhorrence; as, a nauseous drug or medicine.
 -- Nau"seous*ly, adv.
 -- Nau"seous*ness, n.
The nauseousness of such company disgusts a reasonable man. Dryden.

NAUTCH
Nautch, n. Etym: [Hind. nach, fr. Skr. n dance.]

Defn: An entertainment consisting chiefly of dancing by professional
dancing (or Nautch) girls. [India]

NAUTIC
Nau"tic, a. Etym: [See Nautical.]

Defn: Nautical.

NAUTICAL
Nau"tic*al, a. Etym: [L. nauticus, Gr. nautique. See Nave of a
church.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to seamen, to the art of navigation, or to
ships; as, nautical skill.

Syn.
 -- Naval; marine; maritime. See Naval. Nautical almanac. See under
Almanac.
 -- Nautical distance, the length in nautical miles of the rhumb line
joining any two places on the earth's surface.
 -- nautical mile. see under Mile.

NAUTICALLY
Nau"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a nautical manner; with reference to nautical affais.

NAUTIFORM
Nau"ti*form, a. Etym: [Gr. -form.]

Defn: Shaped like the hull of a ship.

NAUTILITE
Nau"ti*lite, n. (paleon.)

Defn: A fossil nautilus.

NAUTILOID
Nau"ti*loid, a. Etym: [Nautilus + -oid: cf. F. nautiloïde.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the nautilus; shaped like a nautilus
shell.
 -- n.

Defn: A mollusk, or shell, of the genus Nautilus or family Nautilidæ.

NAUTILUS
Nau"ti*lus, n.; pl. E. Nautiluses, L. Nautili. Etym: [L., fr. gr.
Nave of a church.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The only existing genus of tetrabranchiate cephalopods. About
four species are found living in the tropical Pacific, but many other
species are found fossil. The shell is spiral, symmetrical, and
chambered, or divided into several cavities by simple curved
partitions, which are traversed and connected together by a
continuous and nearly central tube or siphuncle. See Tetrabranchiata.

Note: The head of the animal bears numerous simple tapered arms, or
tentacles, arranged in groups, but not furnished with suckers. The
siphon, unlike, that of ordinary cephalopods, is not a closed tube,
and is not used as a locomotive organ, but merely serves to conduct
water to and from the gill cavity, which contains two pairs of gills.
The animal occupies only the outer chamber of the shell; the others
are filled with gas. It creeps over the bottom of the sea, not coming
to the surface to swim or sail, as was formerly imagined.

2. The argonaut; -- also called paper nautilus. See Argonauta, and
Paper nautilus, under Paper.

3. A variety of diving bell, the lateral as well as vertical motions
of which are controlled, by the occupants.

NAVAJOES
Na"va*joes, n. pl.; sing. Navajo (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians inhabiting New Mexico and Arizona, allied to
the Apaches. They are now largely engaged in agriculture.

NAVAL
Na"val, a. Etym: [L. navalis, fr. navis ship: cf. F. naval. See Nave
of a church.]

Defn: Having to do with shipping; of or pertaining to ships or a
navy; consisting of ships; as, naval forces, successes, stores, etc.

Naval brigade, a body of seamen or marines organized for military
service on land.
 -- Naval officer. (a) An officer in the navy. (b) A high officer in
some United States customhouses.
 -- Naval tactics, the science of managing or maneuvering vessels
sailing in squadrons or fleets.

Syn.
 -- Nautical; marine; maritime.
 -- Naval, Nautical. Naval is applied to vessels, or a navy, or the
things which pertain to them or in which they participate; nautical,
to seamen and the art of navigation. Hence we speak of a naval, as
opposed to a military, engagement; naval equipments or stores, a
naval triumph, a naval officer, etc., and of nautical pursuits or
instruction, nautical calculations, a nautical almanac, etc.

NAVALS
Na"vals, n.pl.

Defn: Naval affairs. [Obs.]

NAVARCH
Na"varch, n. Etym: [L. navarchus, gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: The commander of a fleet. Mitford.

NAVARCHY
Na"varch*y, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Nautical skill or experience. [Obs.] ir W. Petty.

NAVARRESE
Na`var*rese" ( or , a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Navarre.
 -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Navarre; the people of Navarre.

NAVE
Nave, n. Etym: [AS. nafu; akin to D. naaf, G. nabe, OHG. naba, Icel.
nöf, Dan. nav, Sw. naf, Skr. nabhi nave and navel: cf. L. umbo boss
of a shield. *260. Cf. Navel.]

1. The block in the center of a wheel, from which the spokes radiate,
and through which the axle passes; -- called also hub or hob.

2. The navel. [Obs.] hak.

NAVE
Nave, n. Etym: [F. nef, fr. L. navis ship, to which the church was
often likened; akin to Gr. naca boat, G. nachen, Icel. nökkvi; cf. L.
nare to swim, float. Cf. Nausea, Nautical, Naval.] (Arch.)

Defn: The middle or body of a church, extending from the transepts to
the principal entrances, or, if there are no transepts, from the
choir to the principal entrance, but not including the aisles.

NAVEL
Na"vel, n. Etym: [AS. nafela, fr. nafu nave; akin to D. navel, G.
nabel, OHG. nabolo, Icel. nafli, Dan. navle, Sw. nafle, L. umbilicus,
Gr. n. *260. See Nave hub, and cf. Omphalic, Nombril, Umbilical.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A mark or depression in the middle of the abdomen; the
umbilicus. See Umbilicus.belly button in humans

2. The central part or point of anything; the middle.
Within the navel of this hideous wood, Immured in cypress shades, a
sorcerer dwells. Milton.

3. (Gun.)

Defn: An eye on the under side of a carronade for securing it to a
carriage. Navel gall, a bruise on the top of the chine of the back of
a horse, behind the saddle. Johnson.
 -- Navel point. (Her.) Same as Nombril.

NAVEL ORANGE
Na"vel or"ange.

Defn: A type of orange in which the fruit incloses a small secondary
fruit, the rind showing on the exterior a navel-like pit or
depression at the apex. There are several varieties; they are usually
seedless, or nearly so, and are much grown in California.

NAVEL-STRING
Na"vel-string`, n.

Defn: The umbilical cord.

NAVELWORT
Na"vel*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A European perennial succulent herb (Cotyledon umbilicus),
having round, peltate leaves with a central depression; -- also
called pennywort, and kidneywort.

NAVEW
Na"vew, n. Etym: [OE. navel, naveau, a dim. fr. L. napus navew. Cf.
Napiform.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of small turnip, a variety of Brassica campestris. See
Brassica. [Writen also naphew.]

NAVICULAR
Na*vic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. navicularius, fr. navicula, dim. of navis
ship: cf. F. naviculaire.]

1. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a boat or ship.

2. Shaped like a boat; cymbiform; scaphoid; as, the navicular glumes
of most grasses; the navicular bone. Navicular bone. (Anat.) (a) One
of the middle bones of the tarsus, corresponding to the centrale; --
called also scaphoid. (b) A proximal bone on the radial side of the
carpus; the scaphoid.
 -- Navicular disease (Far.), a disease affecting the navicular bone,
or the adjacent parts, in a horse's foot.

NAVICULAR
Na*vic"u*lar, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The navicular bone.

NAVIGABILITY
Nav`i*ga*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. navigabilité.]

Defn: The quality or condition of being navigable; navigableness.

NAVIGABLE
Nav"i*ga*ble, a. Etym: [L. navigabilis: cf. F. navigable. See
Navigate.]

Defn: Capable of being navigated; deep enough and wide enough to
afford passage to vessels; as, a navigable river.

Note: By the comon law, a river is considered as navigable only so
far as the tide ebbs and flows in it. This is also the doctrine in
several of the United tates. In other States, the doctrine of thje
civil law prevails, which is, that a navigable river is a river
capable of being navigated, in the common sense of the term. Kent.
Burrill.
 -- Nav"i*ga*ble*ness, n.
 -- Nav"i*ga*bly, adv.

NAVIGATE
Nav"i*gate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Navigated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Navigating.] Etym: [L. navigatus, p.p. of navigare, v.t. & i.; navis
ship + agere to move, direct. See Nave, and Agent.]

Defn: To joirney by water; to go in a vessel or ship; to perform the
duties of a navigator; to use the waters as a highway or channel for
commerce or communication; to sail.
The Phenicians navigated to the extremities of the Western Ocean.
Arbuthnot.

NAVIGATE
Nav"i*gate, v. t.

1. To pass over in ships; to sail over or on; as, to navigate the
Atlantic.

2. To steer, direct, or manage in sailing; to conduct (ships) upon
the water by the art or skill of seamen; as, to navigate a ship.

NAVIGATION
Nav`i*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. navigatio: cf. F. navigation.]

1. The act of navigating; the act of passing on water in ships or
other vessels; the state of being navigable.

2.
(a) the science or art of conducting ships or vessels from one place
to another, including, more especially, the method of determining a
ship's position, course, distance passed over, etc., on the surface
of the globe, by the principles of geometry and astronomy.
(b) The management of sails, rudder, etc.; the mechanics of traveling
by water; seamanship.

3. Ships in general. [Poetic] Shak. Aërial navigation, the act or art
of sailing or floating in the air, as by means of ballons;
aëronautic.
 -- Inland navigation, Internal navigation, navigation on rivers,
inland lakes, etc.

NAVIGATOR
Nav"i*ga`tor, n.

Defn: One who navigates or sails; esp., one who direct the course of
a ship, or one who is skillful in the art of navigation; also, a book
which teaches the art of navigation; as, Bowditch's Navigator.

NAVIGEROUS
Na*vig"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. naviger; navis ship + gerere to bear.]

Defn: Bearing ships; capable of floating vessels. [R.] Blount.

NAVVY
Nav"vy, n.; pl. Navies. Etym: [Abbreviated fr. navigator.]

Defn: Originally, a laborer on canals for internal navigation; hence,
a laborer on other public works, as in building railroads,
embankments, etc. [Eng.]

NAVY
Na"vy; n.; pl. Navies. Etym: [ OF. navie, fr. L. navis ship. See Nave
of a church.]

1. A fleet of ships; an assemblage of merchantmen, or so many as sail
in company. "The navy also of Hiram, that brought gold from Ophir." 1
kings x. 11.

2. The whole of the war vessels belonging to a nation or ruler,
considered collectively; as, the navy of Italy.

3. The officers and men attached to the war vessels of a nation; as,
he belongs to the navy. Navy bean. see Bean.
 -- Navy yard, a place set apart as a shore station for the use of
the navy. It often contains all the mechanical and other appliences
for building and equipping war vessels and training their crews.

NAVY BLUE
Na"vy blue`.

Defn: Prussian blue.

NAWAB
Na*wab", n. Etym: [See Nabob.]

Defn: A deputy ruler or viceroy in India; also, a title given by
courtesy to other persons of high rank in the East.

NAWL
Nawl, n. Etym: [See Nall.]

Defn: An awl. [Obs.] usser.

NAY
Nay, adv. Etym: [Icel. nei; akin to E. no. See No, adv.]

1. No; -- a negative answer to a question asked, or a request made,
now superseded by no. See Yes.
And eke when I say "ye," ne say not "nay." Chaucer.
I tell you nay; but except ye repent, ye shall all likewisr perish.
Luke xiii. 3.
And now do they thrust us out privily nay, verily; but let them come
themselves and fetch us out. Acts xvi. 37.
He that will not when he may, When he would he shall have nay. Old
Prov.

Note: Before the time of Henry VIII. nay was used to answer simple
questions, and no was used when the form of the question involved a
negative expression; nay was the simple form, no the emphatic. Skeat.

2. Not this merely, but also; not only so, but; -- used to mark the
addition or substitution of a more explicit or more emphatic phrase.

Note: Nay in this sense may be interchanged with yea. "Were he my
brother, nay, my kingdom's heir." Shak.

NAY
Nay, n.; pl. Nays (.

1. Denial; refusal.

2. a negative vote; one who votes in the negative. It is no nay,
there is no denying it. [Obs.] haucer.

NAY
Nay, v. t. & i.

Defn: To refuse. [Obs.] Holinshed.

NAYAUR
Na*yaur", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A specied of wild sheep (Ovis Hodgsonii), native of Nepaul and
Thibet. It has a dorsal mane and a white ruff beneath the neck.

NAYT
Nayt, v. t. Etym: [Icel. neita.]

Defn: To refuse; to deny. [Obs.] "He shall not nayt ne deny his sin."
Chaucer.

NAYWARD
Nay"ward, n.

Defn: The negative side. [R.]
Howe'er you lean to the nayward. Shak.

NAYWORD
Nay"word`, n.

Defn: A byword; a proverb; also, a watchword. [Obs.] hak.

NAZARENE
Naz`a*rene", n. Etym: [L. Nazarenus, Gr.

1. A native or inhabitant of Nazareth; -- a term of contempt applied
to Christ and the early Christians.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of Judaizing Christians in the first and second
centuries, who observed the laws of Moses, and held to certain
heresies.

NAZARITE
Naz"a*rite, n.

Defn: A Jew bound by a vow to lave the hair uncut, to abstain from
wine and strong drink, and to practice extraordinary purity of life
and devotion, the obligation being for life, or for a certain time.
The word is also used adjectively.

NAZARITESHIP
Naz"a*rite*ship, n.

Defn: The state of a Nazarite.

NAZARITIC
Naz`a*rit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a Nazarite, or to Nazarites.

NAZARITISM
Naz"a*ri*tism, n.

Defn: The vow and practice of a Nazarite.

NAZE
Naze, n. Etym: [See Ness.]

Defn: A promotory or headland.

NAZIRITE
Naz"i*rite, n.

Defn: A Nazarite.

NE
Ne, adv. Etym: [AS. ne. See No.]

Defn: Not; never. [Obs.]
He never yet no villany ne said. Chaucer.

Note: Ne was formerly used as the universal adverb of negation, and
survives in certain compounds, as never (= ne ever) and none (= ne
one). Other combinations, now obsolete, will be found in the
Vocabulary, as nad, nam, nil. See Negative, 2.

NE
Ne, conj. Etym: [See Ne, adv.]

Defn: Nor. [Obs.] Shak.
No niggard ne no fool. Chaucer.
Ne . . . ne, neither . . . nor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NEAF
Neaf, n.

Defn: See 2d Neif. Shak.

NEAL
Neal, v. t.

Defn: To anneal. [R.] Chaucer.

NEAL
Neal, v. i.

Defn: To be tempered by heat. [R.] Bacon.

NEANDERTHAL; NEANDERTHAL RACE; NEANDERTHAL MAN
Ne*an"der*thal`, a. (Anthropol.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or named from, the Neanderthal, a valley in
the Rhine Province, in which were found parts of a skeleton of an
early type of man. The skull is characterized by extreme
dolichocephaly, flat, retreating forehead, with closed frontal
sutures, and enormous superciliary ridges. The cranial capacity is
estimated at about 1,220 cubic centimeters, being about midway
between that of the Pithecanthropus and modern man. Hence,
designating the Neanderthal race, or man, a species supposed to have
been widespread in paleolithic Europe.

NEANDERTHALOID
Ne*an`der*thal"oid, a. [Neanderthal + -oid.] (Anthropol.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the Neanderthal skull, or the type of
man it represents.

NEAP
Neap, n. Etym: [Cf. Neb, Nape.]

Defn: The tongue or pole of a cart or other vehicle drawn by two
animals. [U.S.]

NEAP
Neap, a. Etym: [As. nepflod neap flood; cf. hnipian to bend,
incline.]

Defn: Low. Neap tides, the lowest tides of the lunar month, which
occur in the second and fourth quarters of the moon; -- opposed to
spring tides.

NEAP
Neap, n.

Defn: A neap tide.
High springs and dead neaps. Harkwill.

NEAPED
Neaped, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Left aground on the height of a spring tide, so that it will
not float till the next spring tide; -- called also beneaped.

NEAPOLITAN
Ne`a*pol"i*tan, a. Etym: [L. Neapolitanus, fr. Neapolis Naples, Gr.

Defn: Of of pertaining to Maples in Italy.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or citizen of Naples.

NEAPOLITAN ICE; NEAPOLITAN ICE CREAM
Ne`a*pol"i*tan ice, Neapolitan ice cream.
 (a) An ice or ice cream containing eggs as well as cream.
 (b) An ice or ice cream prepared in layers, as vanilla, strawberry,
and chocolate ice cream, and orange or lemon water ice.

NEAR
Near, adv. Etym: [AS. neár, compar. of neáh nigh. See Nigh.]

1. At a little distance, in place, time, manner, or degree; not
remote; nigh.
My wife! my traitress! let her not come near me. Milton.

2. Nearly; almost; well-nigh. "Near twenty years ago." Shak. "Near a
fortnight ago." Addison.
Near about the yearly value of the land. Locke.

3. Closely; intimately. Shak. Far and near, at a distance and close
by; throughout a whole region.
 -- To come near to, to want but little of; to approximate to. "Such
a sum he found would go near to ruin him." Addison.
 -- Near the wind (Naut.), close to the wind; closehauled.

NEAR
Near, a. [Compar. Nearer; superl. Nearest.] Etym: [See Near, adv.]

1. Not far distant in time, place, or degree; not remote; close at
hand; adjacent; neighboring; nigh. "As one near death." Shak.
He served great Hector, and was ever near, Not with his trumpet only,
but his spear. Dryden.

2. Closely connected or related.
She is thy father's near kinswoman. Lev. xviii. 12.

3. Close to one's interests, affection, etc.; touching, or affecting
intimately; intimate; dear; as, a near friend.

4. Close to anything followed or imitated; not free, loose, or
rambling; as, a version near to the original.

5. So as barely to avoid or pass injury or loss; close; narrow; as, a
near escape.

6. Next to the driver, when he is on foot; in the Unted States, on
the left of an animal or a team; as, the near ox; the near leg. See
Off side, under Off, a.

7. Immediate; direct; close; short. "The nearest way." Milton.

8. Close-fisted; parsimonious. [Obs. or Low, Eng.]

Note: Near may properly be followed by to before the thing
approached'; but more frequently to is omitted, and the adjective or
the adverb is regarded as a preposition. The same is also true of the
word nigh.

Syn.
 -- Nigh; close; adjacent; proximate; contiguous; present; ready;
intimate; dear.

NEAR
Near, prep.

Defn: Adjacent to; close by; not far from; nigh; as, the ship sailed
near the land. See the Note under near, a.

NEAR
Near, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Neared; p. pr. & vb. n Nearing.] Etym: [See
Near, adv.]

Defn: To approach; to come nearer; as, the ship neared the land.

NEAR
Near, v. i.

Defn: To draw near; to approach.
A speck, a mist, a shape, I wist! And still it neared, and neared.
Coleridge.

NEAR BEER
Near beer.

Defn: Any of various malt liquors (see Citation).

Near beer is a term of common currency used to designate all that
class of malt liquors which contain so little alcohol that they will
not produce intoxication, though drunk to excess, and includes in its
meaning all malt liquors which are not within the purview of the
general prohibition law.
Cambell v. City of Thomasville, Georgia Appeal Records, 6 212.

NEARCTIC
Ne*arc"tic, a. Etym: [Neo + arctic.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a region of the earth's surface including
all of temperate and arctic North America and Greenland. In the
geographical distribution of animals, this region is marked off as
the habitat certain species.

NEARHAND
Near"hand`, a. & adv.

Defn: Near; near at hand; closely. [Obs. or Scot.] Bacon.

NEAR-LEGGED
Near"-legged`, a.

Defn: Having the feet so near together that they interfere in
traveling. Shak.

NEARLY
Near"ly, adv.

Defn: In a near manner; not remotely; closely; intimately; almost.

NEARNESS
Near"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being near; -- used in the various
senses of the adjective.

NEARSIGHTED; NEARSIGHTEDNESS
Near"sight`ed, a.

Defn: Seeing distinctly at short distances only; shortsighted.
 -- Near"sight`ed*ness, n.

Defn: See Myopic, and Myopia.

NEAT
Neat, n. sing. & pl. Etym: [AS. neát; akin to OHG. n, Icel. naut, Sw.
nöt, Dan. nöd, and to AS. neótan to make use of, G. geniessen, Goth.
niutan to have a share in, have joy of, Lith. nauda use, profit.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Cattle of the genus Bos, as distinguished from horses, sheep,
and goats; an animal of the genus Bos; as, a neat's tongue; a neat's
foot. Chaucer.
Wherein the herds[men] were keeping of their neat. Spenser.
The steer, the heifer, and the calf Are all called neat. Shak.
A neat and a sheep of his own. Tusser.
Neat's-foot, an oil obtained by boiling the feet of neat cattle. It
is used to render leather soft and pliable.

NEAT
Neat, a. Etym: [See neat, n.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the genus Bos, or to cattle of that genus;
as, neat cattle.

NEAT
Neat, a. [Compar. Neater; superl. Neatest.] Etym: [OE. nett, F. nett,
fr. L. nitidus, fr. nitere to shine. Cf. Nitid, Net, a., Natty.]

1. Free from that which soils, defiles, or disorders; clean; cleanly;
tidy.
If you were to see her, you would wonder what poor body it was that
was so surprisingly neat and clean. Law.

2. Free from what is unbecoming, inappropriate, or tawdry; simple and
becoming; pleasing with simplicity; tasteful; chaste; as, a neat
style; a neat dress.

3. Free from admixture or adulteration; good of its kind; as, neat
brandy. "Our old wine neat." Chapman.

4. Excellent in character, skill, or performance, etc.; nice;
finished; adroit; as, a neat design; a neat thief.

5. With all deductions or allowances made; net.

Note: [In this sense usually written net. See Net, a., 3.] neat line
(Civil Engin.), a line to which work is to be built or formed.
 -- Neat work, work built or formed to neat lines.

Syn.
 -- Nice; pure; cleanly; tidy; trim; spruce.

'NEATH
'Neath ( or , prep. & adv.

Defn: An abbreviation of Beneath. [Poetic]

NEATHERD
Neat"herd`, n.

Defn: A person who has the care of neat cattle; a cowherd. Dryden.

NEATHOUSE
Neat"house`, n.

Defn: A building for the shelter of neat cattle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Massinger.

NEATIFY
Neat"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [Neat, a. + -fy.]

Defn: To make neat. [Obs.] olland.

NEATLY
Neat"ly, adv.

Defn: In a neat manner; tidily; tastefully.

NEATNESS
neat"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being neat.

NEATRESS
Neat"ress, n. Etym: [From neat cattle.]

Defn: A woman who takes care of cattle. [R.] Warner.

NEB
Neb, n. Etym: [AS. nebb head, face; akin to D. neb, Icel. nef, beak
of a bird, nose, Dan. næb beak, bill, Sw. näbb, näf, and prob. also
to D. sneb, snavel, bill, beak, G. schnabel, Dan. & Sw. snabel, and
E. snap. Cf. Nib, Snap, Snaffle.]

Defn: The nose; the snout; the mouth; the beak of a bird; a nib, as
of a pen. [Also written nib.] Shak.

NEBALIA
Ne*ba"li*a, n. Etym: [NL., of uncertain origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small marine Crustacea, considered the type of a
distinct order (Nebaloidea, or Phyllocarida.)

NEB-NEB
Neb"-neb`, n.

Defn: Same as Bablh.

NEBULA
Neb"u*la, n.; pl. Nebulæ. Etym: [L., mist, cloud; akin to Gr. nebel
mist, OHG. nebul, D. nevel, Skr. nabhas cloud, mist. Cf. Nebule.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: A faint, cloudlike, self-luminous mass of matter situated
beyond the solar system among the stars. True nebulæ are gaseous; but
very distant star clusters often appear like them in the telescope.

2. (Med.)
(a) A white spot or a slight opacity of the cornea.
(b) A cloudy appearance in the urine. [Obs.]

NEBULAR
Neb"u*lar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to nebulæ; of the nature of, or resembling, a
nebula. Nebular hypothesis, an hypothesis to explain the process of
formation of the stars and planets, presented in various forms by
Kant, Herschel, Laplace, and others. As formed by Laplace, it
supposed the matter of the solar system to have existed originally in
the form of a vast, diffused, revolving nebula, which, gradually
cooling and contracting, threw off, in obedience to mechanical and
physical laws, succesive rings of matter, from which subsequently, by
the same laws, were produced the several planets, satellites, and
other bodies of the system. The phrase may indicate any hypothesis
according to which the stars or the bodies of the solar system have
been evolved from a widely diffused nebulous form of matter.

NEBULATED
Neb"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: Clouded with indistinct color markings, as an animal.

NEBULATION
neb`u*la"tion, n.

Defn: The condition of being nebulated; also, a clouded, or ill-
defined, color mark.

NEBULE
Neb"ule, n. Etym: [Cf. F. nébule. See nebula.]

Defn: A little cloud; a cloud. [Obs.]
O light without nebule. Old Ballad.

NEBULE; NEBULY
Né`bu`lé", Neb"u*ly, a. Etym: [F. nébulé.] (Her.)

Defn: Composed of successive short curves supposed to resemble a
cloud; -- said of a heraldic line by which an ordinary or subordinary
may be bounded.

NEBULIZATION
Neb`u*li*za"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: The act or process of nebulizing; atomization.

NEBULIZE
Neb"u*lize, v. t. Etym: [See Nebula.]

Defn: To reduce (as a liquid) to a fine spray or vapor; to atomize.

NEBULIZER
Neb"u*li`zer, n.

Defn: An atomizer.

NEBULOSE
Neb"u*lose`, a.

Defn: Nebulous; cloudy. Derham.

NEBULOSITY
Neb`u*los"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. nebulositas: cf. F. nébulosité]

1. The state or quality of being nebulous; cloudiness; hazeness;
mistiness; nebulousness.
The nebulosity ... of the mother idiom. I. Disraeli.

2. (Astron.)
(a) The stuff of which a nebula is formed.
(b) A nebula.

NEBULOUS
Neb"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. nebulosus: cf. F. nébuleux. See Nebula.]

1. Cloudy; hazy; misty.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or having the appearance of, a nebula;
nebular; cloudlike.
 -- Neb"u*lous*ly, adv.
 -- Neb"u*lous*ness, n.

NEBULY
Neb"u*ly, n. (Her. & Arch.)

Defn: A line or a direction composed of successive short curves or
waves supposed to resembe a cloud. See NÉbulÉ

NECESSARIAN
Nec`es*sa"ri*an, n. Etym: [Cf. F. nécessarien. See Mecessary.]

Defn: An advocate of the doctrine of philosophical necessity; a
nacessitarian.

NECESSARIAN
Nec`es*sa"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to necessarianism.

NECESSARIANISM
Nec`es*sa"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of philosophical necessity; necessitarianism.
Hixley.

NECESSARILY
Nec"es*sa*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a necessary manner; by necessity; unavoidably;
indispensably.

NECESSARINESS
Nec"es*sa*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being necessary.

NECESSARY
Nec"es*sa*ry, a. Etym: [L. necessarius, from necesse unavoidable,
necessary; of uncertain origin: cf. F. nécessaire.]

1. Such as must be; impossible to be otherwise; not to be avoided;
inevitable.
Death, a necessary end, Will come when it will come. Shak.

2. Impossible to be otherwise, or to be dispensed with, without
preventing the attainment of a desired result; indispensable;
requiste; essential. "'T is necessary he should die." Shak.
A certain kind of temper is necessary to the pleasure and quiet of
our minds. Tillotson.

3. Acting from necessity or compulsion; involuntary; -- opposed to
free; as, whether man is a necessary or a free agent is a question
much discussed.

NECESSARY
Nec"es*sa*ry, n.; pl. Necessaries (.

1. A thing that is necessary or indispensable to some purpose;
something that one can not do without; a requisite; an essential; --
used chiefly in the plural; as, the necessaries of life.

2. A privy; a water-closet.

3. pl. (Law)

Defn: Such things, in respect to infants, lunatics, and married
women, as are requisite for support suitable to station.

NECESSITARIAN
Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the doctrine of philosophical necessity in
regard to the origin and existence of things, especially as applied
to the actings or choices of the will; -- opposed to libertarian.

NECESSITARIAN
Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who holds to the doctrine of necessitarianism.

NECESSITARIANISM
Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of philosophical necessity; the doctrine that
results follow by invariable sequence from causes, and esp. that the
will is not free, but that human actions and choices result
inevitably from motives; deteminism. M. Arnold.

NECESSITATE
Ne*ces"si*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Necessitated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Necessitating.] Etym: [Cf. L. necessitatus, p.p. of necessitare, and
F. nécessiter. See Necessity.]

1. To make necessary or indispensable; to render unaviolable.
Sickness [might] necessitate his removal from the court. South.
This fact necessitates a second line. J. Peile.

2. To reduce to the necessity of; to force; to compel.
The Marquis of Newcastle, being pressed on both sides, was
necessitated to draw all his army into York. Clarendon.

NECESSITATTION
Ne*ces`si*tat"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. nécessitation.]

Defn: The act of making necessary, or the state of being made
necessary; compulsion. [R.] bp. Bramhall.

NECESSITIED
Ne*ces"si*tied, a.

Defn: In a state of want; necessitous. [Obs.] Shak.

NECESSITOUS
Ne*ces"si*tous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. nécessiteux.]

1. Very needy or indigent; pressed with poverty.
Necessitous heirs and penurious parents. Arbuthnot.

2. Narrow; destitute; pinching; pinched; as, necessitous
circumstances.
 -- Ne*ces"si*tous*ly, adv.
 -- Ne*ces"si*tous*ness, n.

NECESSITUDE
Ne*ces"si*tude, n. Etym: [L. necessitudo, fr. necesse. See
Necessray.]

1. Necessitousness; want. Sir M. Hale.

2. Necessary connection or relation.
Between kings and their people, parents and their children, there is
so great a necessitude, propriety, and intercourse of nature. Jer.
Taylor.

NECESSITY
Ne*ces"si*ty, n.; pl. Necessities. Etym: [OE. necessite, F.
nécessité, L. necessitas, fr. necesse. See Necessary.]

1. The quality or state of being necessary, unavoidable, or
absolutely requisite; inevitableness; indispensableness.

2. The condition of being needy or necessitous; pressing need;
indigence; want.
Urge the necessity and state of times. Shak.
The extreme poverty and necessity his majesty was in. Clarendon.

3. That which is necessary; a necessary; a requisite; something
indispensable; -- often in the plural.
These should be hours for necessities, Not for delights. Shak.
What was once to me Mere matter of the fancy, now has grown The vast
necessity of heart and life. Tennyson.

4. That which makes an act or an event unavoidable; irresistible
force; overruling power; compulsion, physical or moral; fate;
fatality.
So spake the fiend, and with necessity, The tyrant's plea, excused
his devilish deeds. Milton.

5. (Metaph.)

Defn: The negation of freedom in voluntary action; the subjection of
all phenomena, whether material or spiritual, to inevitable
causation; necessitarianism. Of necessity, by necessary consequence;
by compulsion, or irresistible power; perforce.

Syn.
 -- See Need.

NECK
Neck, n. Etym: [OE. necke, AS. hnecca; akin to D. nek the nape of the
neck, G. nacken, OHG. nacch, hnacch, Icel. hnakki, Sw. nacke, Dan.
nakke.]

1. The part of an animal which connects the head and the trunk, and
which, in man and many other animals, is more slender than the trunk.

2. Any part of an inanimate object corresponding to or resembling the
neck of an animal; as:
(a) The long slender part of a vessel, as a retort, or of a fruit, as
a gourd.
(b) A long narrow tract of land projecting from the main body, or a
narrow tract connecting two larger tracts.
(c) (Mus.) That part of a violin, guitar, or similar instrument,
which extends from the head to the body, and on which is the finger
board or fret board.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: A reduction in size near the end of an object, formed by a
groove around it; as, a neck forming the journal of a shaft.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: the point where the base of the stem of a plant arises from the
root. Neck and crop, completely; wholly; altogether; roughly and at
once. [Colloq.] -- Neck and neck (Racing), so nearly equal that one
cannot be said to be before the other; very close; even; side by
side.
 -- Neck of a capital. (Arch.) See Gorgerin.
 -- Neck of a cascabel (Gun.), the part joining the knob to the base
of the breech.
 -- Neck of a gun, the small part of the piece between the chase and
the swell of the muzzle.
 -- Neck of a tooth (Anat.), the constriction between the root and
the crown.
 -- Neck or nothing (Fig.), at all risks.
 -- Neck verse. (a) The verse formerly read to entitle a party to the
benefit of clergy, said to be the first verse of the fifty-first
Psalm, "Miserere mei," etc. Sir W. Scott. (b) Hence, a verse or
saying, the utterance of which decides one's fate; a shibboleth.
These words, "bread and cheese," were their neck verse or shibboleth
to distinguish them; all pronouncing "broad and cause," being
presently put to death. Fuller.
-- Neck yoke. (a) A bar by which the end of the tongue of a wagon or
carriage is suspended from the collars of the harnesses. (b) A device
with projecting arms for carrying things (as buckets of water or sap)
suspended from one's shoulders.
 -- On the neck of, immediately after; following closely. "Commiting
one sin on the neck of another." W. Perkins.
 -- Stiff neck, obstinacy in evil or wrong; inflexible obstinacy;
contumacy. "I know thy rebellion, and thy stiff neck." Deut. xxxi.
27.
 -- To break the neck of, to destroy the main force of. "What they
presume to borrow from her sage and virtuous rules... breaks the neck
of their own cause." Milton.
 -- To harden the neck, to grow obstinate; to be more and more
perverse and rebellious. Neh. ix. 17.
 -- To tread on the neck of, to oppress; to tyrannize over.

NECK
Neck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Necked; p. pr. & vb. n. Necking.] (Mech.)

Defn: To reduce the diameter of (an object) near its end, by making a
groove around it; -- used with down; as, to neck down a shaft. v. t.
& i. To kiss and caress amorously. n. necking

NECKAR NUT
Neck"ar nut`. (Bot.)

Defn: See Nicker nut.

NECKBAND
Neck"band`, n.

Defn: A band which goes around the neck; often, the part at the top
of a garment.

NECKCLOTH
Neck"cloth`, n.

Defn: A piece of any fabric worn around the neck.

NECKED
Necked, a.

1. Having (such) a neck; -- chiefly used in composition; as, stiff-
necked.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Cracked; -- said of a treenail.

NECKERCHIEF
Neck"er*chief, n. Etym: [For neck kerchief.]

Defn: A kerchief for the neck; -- called also neck handkerchief.

NECKING
Neck"ing, n.

Defn: Same as Neckmold.

NECKLACE
Neck"lace (; 48), n.

1. A string of beads, etc., or any continuous band or chain, worn
around the neck as an ornament.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope or chain fitted around the masthead to hold hanging
blocks for jibs and stays.

NECKLACED
neck"laced, a.

Defn: Wearing a necklace; marked as with a necklace.
The hooded and the necklaced snake. Sir W. Jones.

NECKLAND
neck"land, n.

Defn: A neck of land. [Obs.]

NECKLET
neck"let, n.

Defn: A necklace. E. Anold.

NECKMOLD; NECKMOULD
Neck"mold`, Neck"mould`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A small convex molding surrounding a column at the jinction of
the shaft and capital. Weale.

NECKPLATE
Neck"plate`, n.

Defn: See Gorget, 1 and 2.

NECKTIE
Neck"tie`, n.

Defn: A scarf, band, or kerchief of silk, etc., passing around the
neck or collar and tied in front; a bow of silk, etc., fastened in
front of the neck.

NECKWEAR
Neck"wear`, n.

Defn: A collective term for cravats, collars, etc. [Colloq. or trade
name]

NECKWEED
Neck"weed`, n. (Bot.)
(a) An American annual weed (veronica peregrina), with small white
flowers and a roundish pod.
(b) The hemp; -- so called as furnishing ropes for hanging criminals.
Dr. prior.

NECROBIOSIS
Nec`ro*bi*o"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol. & Med.)

Defn: The death of a part by molecular disintegration and without
loss of continuity, as in the processes of degeneration and atrophy.
Virchow.

NECROBIOTIC
Nec`ro*bi*ot"ic, a. (Biol. & Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to necrobiosis; as, a necrobiotic
metamorphosis.

NECROLATRY
Ne*crol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The worship of the dead; manes worship. H. Spenser.

NECROLITE
Nec"ro*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: Same as Necronite.

NECROLOGIC; NECROLOGICAL
Nec`ro*log"ic, Nec`ro*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. nécrologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to necrology; of the nature of necrology;
relating to, or giving, an account of the dead, or of deaths.

NECROLOGIST
Ne*crol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who gives an account of deaths.

NECROLOGY
Ne*crol"o*gy, n.; pl. Necrologies. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F.
nécrologie. See Necromancy.]

Defn: An account of deaths, or of the dead; a register of deaths; a
collection of obituary notices.

NECROMANCER
Nec"ro*man`cer, n.

Defn: One who practices necromancy; a sorcerer; a wizard.

NECROMANCY
Nec"ro*man`cy, n. Etym: [OE. nigromaunce, nigromancie, OF.
nigromance, F. nécromance, nécromancie, from L. necromantia, Gr.
necare to kill, Skr. na() to perish, vanish) + mania. See Mania, and
cf. Internecine, Noxious. The old spelling is due to confusion with
L. niger black. Hence the name black art.]

Defn: The art of revealing future events by means of a pretended
communication with the dead; the black art; hence, magic in general;
conjuration; enchantment. See Black art.
This palace standeth in the air, By necromancy placèd there. Drayton.

NECROMANTIC
Nec`ro*man"tic, n.

Defn: Conjuration. [R.]
With all the necromantics of their art. Young.

NECROMANTIC; NECROMANTICAL
Nec`ro*man"tic, Nec`ro*man"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to necromancy; performed by necromancy.
 -- Nec`ro*man"tic*al*ly, adv.

NECRONITE
Nec"ro*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Fetid feldspar, a mineral which, when struck, exhales a fetid
odor.

NECROPHAGAN
Ne*croph"a*gan, a. Etym: [See Necrophagous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Eating carrion.
 -- n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of a tribe (Necrophaga) of beetles which, in the
larval state, feed on carrion; a burying beetle.

NECROPHAGOUS
Ne*croph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. nécrophage.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Necrophaga; eating carrion. See
Necrophagan.

NECROPHOBIA
Nec`ro*pho"bi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: An exaggerated fear of death or horror of dead bodies.

NECROPHORE
Nec"ro*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of beetles of the genus Necrophorus
and allied genera; -- called also burying beetle, carrion beetle,
sexton beetle.

NECROPOLIS
Ne*crop"o*lis, n.; pl. Necropolises. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A city of the dead; a name given by the ancients to their
cemeteries, and sometimes applied to modern burial places; a
graveyard.

NECROPSY
Nec"rop*sy, n. Etym: [Gr. nécropsie.] (Med.)

Defn: A post-mortem examination or inspection; an autopsy. See
Autopsy.

NECROSCOPIC; NECROSCOPICAL
Nec`ro*scop"ic, Nec`ro*scop"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: Or or relating to post-mortem examinations.

NECROSE
Ne*crose", v. t. & i. (Med.)

Defn: To affect with necrosis; to unergo necrosis. Quain.

NECROSED
Ne*crosed", a. (Med.)

Defn: Affected by necrosis; dead; as, a necrosed bone. Dunglison.

NECROSIS
Ne*cro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. gr.

1. (med.)

Defn: Mortification or gangrene of bone, or the death of a bone or
portion of a bone in mass, as opposed to its death by molecular
disintegration. See Caries.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A disease of trees, in which the branches gradually dry up from
the bark to the center.

NECROTIC
Ne*crot"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Affected with necrosis; as, necrotic tissue; characterized by,
or producing, necrosis; as, a necrotic process.

NECROTOMY
Nec*rot"o*my, n. [Gr.  dead person +  to cut.] (Med.)

Defn: The dissection of dead bodies; also, excision of necrosed bone.
--Nec`ro*tom"ic (#), a. --Nec*rot"o*mist (#), n.

NECTAR
Nec"tar, n. Etym: [L., fr. gr.

1. (Myth. & Poetic)

Defn: The drink of the gods (as ambrosia was their food); hence, any
delicious or inspiring beverage.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A sweetish secretion of blossoms from which bees make honey.

NECTAREAL
Nec*ta"re*al, a.

1. Nectareous.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a nectary.

NECTAREAN
Nec*ta"re*an, a. Etym: [L. nectareus: cf. F. nectaréen.]

Defn: Resembling nectar; very sweet and pleasant. "nectarean juice."
Talfourd.

NECTARED
Nec"tared, a.

Defn: Imbued with nectar; mingled with nectar; abounding with nectar.
Milton.

NECTAREOUS
Nec*ta"re"ous, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, containing, or resembling nectar; delicious;
nectarean. Pope.
 -- Nec*ta"re*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Nec*ta"re*ous*ness, n.

NECTARIAL
Nec*ta"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the nectary of a plant.

NECTARIED
Nec"ta*ried, a.

Defn: Having a nectary.

NECTARIFEROUS
Nec`tar*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. nectar nectar + -ferous: cf. F.
nectarifère.] (Bot.)

Defn: Secreting nectar; -- said of blossoms or their parts.

NECTARINE
Nec"tar*ine, a.

Defn: Nectareous. [R.] Milton.

NECTARINE
Nec"tar*ine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. nectarine. See Nectar.] (Bot.)

Defn: A smooth-skinned variety of peach. Spanish nectarine, the
plumlike fruit of the West Indian tree Chrysobalanus Icaco; -- also
called cocoa plum. it is made into a sweet conserve which a largely
exported from Cuba.

NECTARIZE
Nec"tar*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nectarized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Nectarizing.]

Defn: To mingle or infuse with nectar; to sweeten. [Obs.] Cockeram.

NECTAROUS
Nec"tar*ous, a.

Defn: Nectareous. Milton.

NECTARY
Nec"ta*ry, n.; pl. Nectaries. Etym: [From Nectar: cf. F. nectaire.]
(Bot.)

Defn: That part of a blossom which secretes nectar, usually the base
of the corolla or petals; also, the spur of such flowers as the
larkspur and columbine, whether nectariferous or not. See the
Illustration of Nasturtium.

NECTOCALYX
Nec`to*ca"lyx, n.; pl. Nectocalyces. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) The swimming bell or umbrella of a jellyfish of medusa.
(b) One of the zooids of certain Siphonophora, having somewhat the
form, and the essential structure, of the bell of a jellyfish, and
acting as a swimming organ.

NECTOSAC; NECTOSACK
Nec"to*sac, Nec"to*sack, n. Etym: [Gr. sac, sack.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cavity of a nectocalyx.

NECTOSTEM
Nec"to*stem, n. Etym: [Gr. stem.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: That portion of the axis which bears the nectocalyces in the
Siphonophora.

NEDDER
Ned"der, n. Etym: [See Adder.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An adder. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer.

NEDDY
Ned"dy, n.; pl. Neddies (. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A pet name for a donkey.

NEE
Nee, p. p., fem. Etym: [F., fr. L. nata, fem. of natus, p.p. of nasci
to be born. See Nation.]

Defn: Born; -- a term sometimes used in introducing the name of the
family to which a married woman belongs by birth; as, Madame de
Staël, née Necker.

NEED
Need, n. Etym: [OE. need, neod, nede, AS. neád, nyd; akin to D. nood,
G. not, noth, Icel. nauedhr, Sw. & Dan. nöd, Goth. naups.]

1. A state that requires supply or relief; pressing occasion for
something; necessity; urgent want.
And the city had no need of the sun. Rev. xxi. 23.
I have no need to beg. Shak.
Be governed by your needs, not by your fancy. Jer. Taylor.

2. Want of the means of subsistence; poverty; indigence; destitution.
Chaucer.
Famine is in thy cheeks; Need and oppression starveth in thine eyes.
Shak.

3. That which is needful; anything necessary to be done; (pl.)
necessary things; business. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. Situation of need; peril; danger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- Exigency; emergency; strait; extremity; necessity; distress;
destitution; poverty; indigence; want; penury.
 -- Need, Necessity. Necessity is stronger than need; it places us
under positive compulsion. We are frequently under the necessity of
going without that of which we stand very greatly in need. It is also
with the corresponding adjectives; necessitous circumstances imply
the direct pressure of suffering; needy circumstances, the want of
aid or relief.

NEED
Need, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Needed; p. pr. & vb. n. Needing.] Etym:
[See Need, n. Cf. AS. n to force, Goth. nau.]

Defn: To be in want of; to have cause or occasion for; to lack; to
require, as supply or relief.
Other creatures all day long Rove idle, unemployed, and less need
rest. Milton.

Note: With another verb, need is used like an auxiliary, generally in
a negative sentence expressing requirement or obligation, and in this
use it undergoes no change of termination in the third person
singular of the present tense. "And the lender need not fear he shall
be injured." Anacharsis (Trans. ).

NEED
Need, v. i.

Defn: To be wanted; to be necessary. Chaucer.
When we have done it, we have done all that is in our power, and all
that needs. Locke.

NEED
Need, adv.

Defn: Of necessity. See Needs. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NEEDER
Need"er, n.

Defn: One who needs anything. Shak.

NEEDFUL
Need"ful, a.

1. Full of need; in need or want; needy; distressing. [Archaic]
Chaucer.
The needful time of trouble. Bk. of Com. Prayer.

2. Necessary for supply or relief; requisite.
All things needful for defense abound. Dryden.
-- Need"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Need"ful*ness, n.

NEEDILY
Need"i*ly, adv. Etym: [From Needy.]

Defn: In a needy condition or manner; necessarily. Chaucer.

NEEDINESS
Need"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being needy; want; poverty; indigence.

NEEDLE
Nee"dle, n. Etym: [OE. nedle, AS. n; akin to D. neald, OS. nadla, G.
nadel, OHG. nadal, nadala, Icel. nal, Sw. nål, Dan. naal, and also to
G. nähen to sew, OHG. najan, L. nere to spin, Gr. snare: cf. Gael. &
Ir. snathad needle, Gael. snath thread, G. schnur string, cord.]

1. A small instrument of steel, sharply pointed at one end, with an
eye to receive a thread, -- used in sewing. Chaucer.

Note: In some needles(as for sewing machines) the eye is at the
pointed end, but in ordinary needles it is at the blunt end.

2. See Magnetic needle, under Magnetic.

3. A slender rod or wire used in knitting; a knitting needle; also, a
hooked instrument which carries the thread or twine, and by means of
which knots or loops are formed in the process of netting, knitting,
or crocheting.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the needle-shaped secondary leaves of pine trees. See
Pinus.

5. Any slender, pointed object, like a needle, as a pointed crystal,
a sharp pinnacle of rock, an obelisk, etc. Dipping needle. See under
Dipping.
 -- Needle bar, the reciprocating bar to which the needle of a sewing
machine is attached.
 -- Needle beam (Arch.), to shoring, the horizontal cross timber
which goes through the wall or a pier, and upon which the weight of
the wall rests, when a building is shored up to allow of alterations
in the lower part.
 -- Needle furze (Bot.), a prickly leguminous plant of Western
Europe; the petty whin (Genista Anglica).
 -- Needle gun, a firearm loaded at the breech with a cartridge
carrying its own fulminate, which is exploded by driving a slender
needle, or pin, into it.
 -- Needle loom (Weaving), a loom in which the weft thread is carried
through the shed by a long eye-pointed needle instead of by a
shuttle.
 -- Needle ore (Min.), acicular bismuth; a sulphide of bismuth, lead,
and copper occuring in acicular crystals; -- called also aikinite.
 -- Needle shell (Zoöl.), a sea urchin.
 -- Needle spar (Min.), aragonite.
 -- Needle telegraph, a telegraph in which the signals are given by
the deflections of a magnetic needle to the right or to the left of a
certain position.
 -- Sea needle (Zoöl.), the garfish.

NEEDLE
Nee"dle, v. t.

Defn: To form in the shape of a needle; as, to needle crystals.

NEEDLE
Nee"dle, v. i.

Defn: To form needles; to crystallize in the form of needles.

NEEDLEBOOK
Nee"dle*book`, n.

Defn: A book-shaped needlecase, having leaves of cloth into which the
needles are stuck.

NEEDLECASE
Nee"dle*case`, n.

Defn: A case to keep needles.

NEEDLEFISH
Nee"dle*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The European great pipefich (Siphostoma, or Syngnathus, acus); --
called also earl, and tanglefish.
(b) The garfish.

NEEDLEFUL
nee"dle*ful, n.; pl. needlefuls (.

Defn: As much thread as is used in a needle at one time.

NEEDLE-POINTED
Nee"dle-pointed`, a.

Defn: Pointed as needles.

NEEDLER
Nee"dler, n.

Defn: One who makes or uses needles; also, a dealer in needles. Piers
Plowman.

NEEDLESS
Nee"dless, a.

1. Having no need. [Obs.]
Weeping into the needless stream. Shak.

2. Not wanted; unnecessary; not requiste; as, needless labor;
needless expenses.

3. Without sufficient cause; groundless; cuseless. "Needless
jealousy." Shak.
 -- Need"less*ly, adv.
 -- Need"less*ness, n.

NEEDLESTONE
Nee"dle*stone`, n. (Min.)

Defn: Natrolite; -- called also needle zeolite.

NEEDLEWOMAN
Nee"dle*wom`an, n.; pl. Needlewomen (.

Defn: A woman who does needlework; a seamstress.

NEEDLEWORK
Nee"dle*work`, n.

1. Work executed with a needle; sewed work; sewing; embroidery; also,
the business of a seamstress.

2. The combination of timber and plaster making the outside framework
of some houses.

NEEDLY
Nee"dly, a.

Defn: Like a needle or needles; as, a needly horn; a needly beard. R.
D. Blackmore.

NEEDLY
Need"ly, adv. Etym: [AS. n. See Need.]

Defn: Necessarily; of necessity. [Obs.] hak.

NEEDMENT
Need"ment, n.

Defn: Something needed or wanted. pl.

Defn: Outfit; necessary luggage. [Archaic] Spenser.
Carrying each his needments. Wordsworth.

NEEDS
Needs, adv. Etym: [Orig. gen. of need, used as an adverb. Cf. -
wards.]

Defn: Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; -- often with must,
and equivalent to of need.
A man must needs love mauger his head. Chaucer.
And he must needs go through Samaria. John iv. 4.
He would needs know the cause of his reulse. Sir J. Davies.

NEEDSCOST
Needs"cost`, adv.

Defn: Of necessity. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NEEDSLY
Needs"ly, adv.

Defn: Of necessity. [Obs.] Drayton.

NEEDY
Need"y, a. [Compar. Needer; superl. Neediest.]

1. Distressed by want of the means of living; very por; indigent;
necessitous.
Thou shalt open thy hand wide unto thy brother, to thy poor, and to
thy needy in thy land. Deut. xv. 11.
Spare the bluches of needly merit. Dr. T. Dwight.

2. Necessary; requiste. [Obs.]
Corn to make your needy bread. Shak.

NEELD; NEELE
Neeld, Neele, n. Etym: [See Needle.]

Defn: A needle. [Obs.] Shak.

NEELGHAU
Neel"ghau, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Nylghau.

NEEM TREE
Neem" tree`. Etym: [Hind. nim.] (Bot.)

Defn: An Asiatic name for Melia Azadirachta, and M. Azedarach. See
Margosa.

NEER
Neer, adv. & a.

Defn: Nearer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NE'ER
Ne'er ( or ), adv.

Defn: a contraction of Never.

NE'ER-DO-WELL
Ne'er"-do-well`, n.

Defn: A person who never does, or fares, well; a good for nothing.

The idle and dissolute ne'er-do-wells of their communities.
Harper's Mag.

NEESE
Neese, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Neesed; p. pr. & vb. n. Neesing.] Etym:
[OE. nesen; akin to D. niezen, G. niesen, Icel. hnjosa.]

Defn: To sneeze. [Obs.] [Written also neeze.]

NEESING
Nees"ing, n.

Defn: Sneezing. [Obs.] "By his neesings a light doth shine." Job xli.
18.

NE EXEAT
Ne` ex"e*at. Etym: [L. ne exeat regno let him not go out of the
kingdom.] (Law)

Defn: A writ to restrain a person from leaving the country, or the
jurisdiction of the court. The writ was originally applicable to
purposes of state, but is now an ordinary process of courts of
equity, resorted to for the purpose of obtaining bail, or security to
abide a decree. Kent.

NEF
Nef (; F. , n. Etym: [F. See Nave.]

Defn: The nave of a church. Addison.

NEFAND; NEFANDOUS
Ne"fand, Ne*fan"dous, a. Etym: [L. nefandus not to be spoken; ne not
+ fari to speak.]

Defn: Unfit to speak of; unmentionable; impious; execrable. [Obs.]
"Nefand adominations." Sheldon. "Nefandous high treason." Cotton
Mather.

NEFARIOUS
Ne*fa"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. nefarius, fr. nefas crime, wrong; ne not +
fas divine law; akin to fari to speak. See No, adv., and Fate.]

Defn: Wicked in the extreme; abominable; iniquitous; atrociously
villainous; execrable; detestably vile.

Syn.
 -- Iniquitous; detestable; horrible; heinious; atrocious; infamous;
impious. See Iniquitous.
 -- Ne*fa"ri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Ne*fa"ri*ous*ness, n.

NEFASCH
Ne"fasch, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fish of the genus Distichodus. Several large species
inhabit the Nile.

NEFAST
Ne"fast, a. Etym: [L. nefastus.]

Defn: Wicked. [R.]

NEGATION
Ne*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. negatio, fr. negare to say no, to deny; ne
not + the root of aio I say; cf. Gr. ah to say; cf. F. négation. See
No, adv., and cf. Adage, Deny, Renegade.]

1. The act of denying; assertion of the nonreality or untruthfulness
of anything; declaration that something is not, or has not been, or
will not be; denial; -- the opposite of Ant: affirmation.
Our assertions and negations should be yea and nay. Rogers.

2. (Logic)

Defn: Description or definition by denial, exclusion, or exception;
statement of what a thing is not, or has not, from which may be
inferred what it is or has.

NEGATIVE
Neg"a*tive, a. Etym: [F. négatif, L. negativus, fr. negare to deny.
See Negation.]

1. Denying; implying, containing, or asserting denial, negation or
refusal; returning the answer no to an inquiry or request; refusing
assent; as, a negative answer; a negative opinion; -- opposed to Ant:
affirmative.
If thou wilt confess, Or else be impudently negative. Shak.
Denying me any power of a negative voice. Eikon Basilike.
Something between an affirmative bow and a negative shake. Dickens.

2. Not positive; without affirmative statement or demonstration;
indirect; consisting in the absence of something; privative; as, a
negative argument; a negative morality; negative criticism.
There in another way of denying Christ, ... which is negative, when
we do not acknowledge and confess him. South.

3. (Logic)

Defn: Asserting absence of connection between a subject and a
predicate; as, a negative proposition.

4. (Photog.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a picture upon glass or other material, in
which the lights and shades of the original, and the relations of
right and left, are reversed.

5. (Chem.)

Defn: Metalloidal; nonmetallic; -- contracted with positive or basic;
as, the nitro group is negative.

Note: This word, derived from electro-negative, is now commonly used
in a more general sense, when acidiferous is the intended
signification. Negative crystal. (a) A cavity in a mineral mass,
having the form of a crystal. (b) A crystal which has the power of
negative double refraction. See refraction.
 -- negative electricity (Elec.), the kind of electricity which is
developed upon resin or ebonite when rubbed, or which appears at that
pole of a voltaic battery which is connected with the plate most
attacked by the exciting liquid; -- formerly called resinous
electricity. Opposed to Ant: positive electricity. Formerly,
according to Franklin's theory of a single electric fluid, negative
electricity was supposed to be electricity in a degree below
saturation, or the natural amount for a given body. see Electricity.
 -- Negative eyepiece. (Opt.) see under Eyepiece.
 -- Negative quantity (Alg.), a quantity preceded by the negative
sign, or which stands in the relation indicated by this sign to some
other quantity. See Negative sign (below).
 -- Negative rotation, right-handed rotation. See Right-handed, 3.
 -- Negative sign, the sign -, or minus (opposed in signification to
+, or Ant: plus), indicating that the quantity to which it is
prefixed is to be subtracted from the preceding quantity, or is to be
reckoned from zero or cipher in the opposite direction to that of
quanties having the sign plus either expressed or understood; thus,
in a - b, b is to be substracted from a, or regarded as opposite to
it in value; and -10° on a thermometer means 10° below the zero of
the scale.

NEGATIVE
Neg"a*tive, n. Etym: [Cf. F. négative.]

1. A proposition by which something is denied or forbidden; a
conception or term formed by prefixing the negative particle to one
which is positive; an opposite or contradictory term or conception.
This is a known rule in divinity, that there is no command that runs
in negatives but couches under it a positive duty. South.

2. A word used in denial or refusal; as, not, no.

Note: In Old England two or more negatives were often joined together
for the sake of emphasis, whereas now such expressions are considered
ungrammatical, being chiefly heard in iliterate speech. A double
negative is now sometimes used as nearly or quite equivalent to an
affirmative.
No wine ne drank she, neither white nor red. Chaucer.
These eyes that never did nor never shall So much as frown on you.
Shak.

3. The refusal or withholding of assents; veto.
If a kind without his kingdom be, in a civil sense, nothing, then ...
his negative is as good as nothing. Milton.

4. That side of a question which denies or refuses, or which is taken
by an opposing or denying party; the relation or position of denial
or opposition; as, the question was decided in the negative.

5. (Photog.)

Defn: A picture upon glass or other material, in which the light
portions of the original are represented in some opaque material
(usually reduced silver), and the dark portions by the uncovered and
transparent or semitransparent ground of the picture.

Note: A negative is chiefly used for producing photographs by means
of the sun's light passing through it and acting upon sensitized
paper, thus producing on the paper a positive picture.

6. (Elect.)

Defn: The negative plate of a voltaic or electrolytic cell. Negative
pregnant (Law), a negation which implies an affirmation.

NEGATIVE
Neg"a*tive, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Negatived; p. pr. & vb. n.
Negativing.]

1. To prove unreal or intrue; to disprove.
The omission or infrequency of such recitals does not negative the
existence of miracles. Paley.

2. To reject by vote; to refuse to enact or sanction; as, the Senate
negatived the bill.

3. To neutralize the force of; to counteract.

NEGATIVELY
Neg"a*tive*ly, adv.

1. In a negative manner; with or by denial. "He answered negatively."
Boyle.

2. In the form of speech implying the absence of something; --
opposed to positively.
negatively, by showing wherein it does not consist, and positively,
by showing wherein it does consist. South.
Negatively charged or electrified (Elec.), having a charge of the
kind of electricity called negative.

NEGATIVENESS; NEGATIVITY
Neg"a*tive*ness, Neg`a*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being negative.

NEGATORY
Neg"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. negatorius: cf. F. négatorie.]

Defn: Expressing denial; belonging to negation; negative. Carlyle.

NEGINOTH
Neg"i*noth, n. pl. Etym: [Heb. nêginoth.] (Script.)

Defn: Stringed instruments. Dr. W. Smith.
To the chief musician on Neginoth. Ps. iv. 9heading).

NEGLECT
Neg*lect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Neglected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Neglecting.] Etym: [L. neglectus, p.p. of neglegere (negligere) to
disregard, neglect, the literal sense prob. neing, not to pick up;
nec not, nor (fr. ne not + -que, a particle akin to Goth. -h, -uh,
and prob. to E. who; cf. Goth. nih nor) + L. legere to pick up,
gather. See No, adv., Legend, Who.]

1. Not to attend to with due care or attention; to forbear one's duty
in regard to; to suffer to pass unimproved, unheeded, undone, etc.;
to omit; to disregard; to slight; as, to neglect duty or business; to
neglect to pay debts.
I hope My absence doth neglect no great designs. Shak.
This, my long suffering and my day of grace, Those who neglect and
scorn shall never taste. Milton.

2. To omit to notice; to forbear to treat with attention or respect;
to slight; as, to neglect strangers.

Syn.
 -- To slight; overlook; disregard; disesteem; contemn. See Slight.

NEGLECT
Neg*lect", n. Etym: [L. neglectus. See Neglect, v.]

1. Omission of proper attention; avoidance or disregard of duty, from
heedlessness, indifference, or willfulness; failure to do, use, or
heed anything; culpable disregard; as, neglect of business, of
health, of economy.
To tell thee sadly, shepherd, without blame, Or our neglect, we lost
her as we came. Milton.

2. Omission if attention or civilities; slight; as, neglect of
strangers.

3. Habitual carelessness; negligence.
Age breeds neglect in all. Denham.

4. The state of being disregarded, slighted, or neglected.
Rescue my poor remains from vile neglect. Prior.

Syn.
 -- Negligence; inattention; disregard; disesteem; remissness;
indifference. See Negligence.

NEGLECTEDNESS
Neg*lect"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being neglected.

NEGLECTER
Neg*lect"er, n.

Defn: One who neglects. South.

NEGLECTFUL
Neg*lect"ful, a.

Defn: Full of neglect; heedless; careless; negligent; inattentive;
indifferent. Pope.
A cold and neglectful countenance. Locke.
Though the Romans had no great genius for trade, yet they were not
entirely neglectful of it. Arbuthnot.
-- Neg*lect"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Neg*lect"ful*ness, n.

NEGLECTINGLY
Neg*lect"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Carelessly; heedlessly. Shak.

NEGLECTION
Neg*lec"tion, n. Etym: [L. neglectio.]

Defn: The state of being negligent; negligence. [Obs.] Shak.

NEGLECTIVE
Neg*lect"ive, a.

Defn: Neglectful. [R.] "Neglective of their own children." Fuller.

NEGLIGEE
Neg`li*gee", n. Etym: [F. négligé, fr. négliger to neglect, L.
negligere. See Neglect.]

Defn: An easy, unceremonious attire; undress; also, a kind of easy
robe or dressing gown worn by women.

NEGLIGENCE
Neg"li*gence, n. Etym: [F. négligence, L. negligentia.]

Defn: The quality or state of being negligent; lack of due diligence
or care; omission of duty; habitual neglect; heedlessness.

2. An act or instance of negligence or carelessness.
remarking his beauties, ... I must also point out his negligences and
defects. Blair.

3. (Law)

Defn: The omission of the care usual under the circumstances, being
convertible with the Roman culpa. A specialist is bound to higher
skill and diligence in his specialty than one who is not a
specialist, and liability for negligence varies acordingly.
Contributory negligence. See under Contributory.

Syn.
 -- Neglect; inattention; heedlessness; disregard; slight.
 -- Negligence, Neglect. These two words are freely interchanged in
our older writers; but a distinction has gradually sprung up between
them. As now generally used, negligence is the habit, and neglect the
act, of leaving things undone or unattended to. We are negligent as a
general trait of character; we are guilty of neglect in particular
cases, or in reference to individuals who had a right to our
attentions.

NEGLIGENT
Neg"li*gent, a. Etym: [F. négligent, L. negligens,p.pr. of negligere.
See Neglect.]

Defn: Apt to neglect; customarily neglectful; characterized by
negligence; careless; heedless; culpably careless; showing lack of
attention; as, disposed in negligent order. "Be thou negligent of
fame." Swift.
He that thinks he can afford to be negligent is not far from being
poor. Rambler.

Syn.
 -- Careles; heedless; neglectful; regardless; thoughtless;
indifferent; inattentive; remiss.

NEGLIGENTLY
Neg"li*gent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a negligent manner.

NEGLIGIBLE
Neg"li*gi*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. négligible, négligeable.]

Defn: That may neglicted, disregarded, or left out of consideration.
Within very negligible limits of error. Sir J. Herschel.

NEGOCE
Ne*goce", n. Etym: [F. négoce. See Negotiate.]

Defn: Business; occupation. [Obs.] Bentley.

NEGOTIABILITY
Ne*go`ti*a*bil"i*ty ( or ), n. Etym: [Cf. F. négociabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being negotiable or transferable by indorsement.

NEGOTIABLE
Ne*go"ti*a*ble ( or ), a. Etym: [Cf. F. négotiable. See Negotiate.]

Defn: Capable of being negotiated; transferable by assigment or
indorsement to another person; as, a negotiable note or bill of
exchange. Negotiable paper, any commercial paper transferable by sale
or delivery and indorsement, as bills of exchange, drafts, checks,
and promissory notes.

NEGOTIANT
Ne*go"ti*ant, n. Etym: [L. negotians, prop. p.pr. of negotiari: cf.
F. négociant.]

Defn: A negotiator. [R.] Sir W. Raleigh.

NEGOTIATE
Ne*go"ti*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. negotiatus, p.p. of negotiari, fr.
negotium business; nec not + otium leisure. Cf. Neglect.]

1. To transact business; to carry on trade. [Obs.] Hammond.

2. To treat with another respecting purchase and sale or some
business affair; to bargain or trade; as, to negotiate with a man for
the purchase of goods or a farm.

3. To hold intercourse respecting a treaty, league, or convention; to
treat with, respecting peace or commerce; to conduct communications
or conferences.
He that negotiates between God and man Is God's ambassador. Cowper.

4. To intrigue; to scheme. [Obs.] Bacon.

NEGOTIATE
Ne*go"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Negotiated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Negotiating.]

1. To carry on negotiations concerning; to procure or arrange for by
negotiation; as, to negotiate peace, or an exchange.
Constantinople had negotiated in the isles of the Archipelago ... the
most indispensable supplies. Gibbon.

2. To transfer for a valuable consideration under rules of commercial
law; to sell; to pass.
The notes were not negotiated to them in the usual course of business
or trade. Kent.

NEGOTIATION
Ne*go`ti*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. negotiatio: cf. F. négociation.]

1. The act or process of negotiating; a treating with another
respecting sale or purchase. etc.

2. Hence, mercantile business; trading. [Obs.]
Who had lost, with these prizes, forty thousand pounds, after twenty
years' negotiation in the East Indies. Evelyn.

3. The transaction of business between nations; the mutual
intercourse of governments by diplomatic agents, in making treaties,
composing difference, etc.; as, the negotiations at Ghent.
An important negotiation with foreign powers. Macaulay.

NEGOTIATOR
Ne*go"ti*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. négociateur.]

Defn: One who negotiates; a person who treats with others, either as
principal or agent, in respect to purchase and sale, or public
compacts.

NEGOTIATORY
Ne*go"ti*a*to*ry ( or ), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to negotiation.

NEGOTIATRIX
Ne*go`ti*a"trix, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A woman who negotiates. Miss Edgeworth.

NEGOTIOSITY
Ne*go`ti*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. negotiositas.]

Defn: The state of being busy; multitude of business. [Obs.]

NEGOTIOUS
Ne*go"tious, a. Etym: [L. negotiosus.]

Defn: Very busy; attentive to business; active. [R.] D. Rogers.

NEGOTIOUSNESS
Ne*go"tious*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being busily occupied; activity. [R.] D. Rogers.

NEGRESS
Ne"gress, n.; pl. Negresses (. Etym: [Cf. F. négrese, fem. of négre a
negro. See Negro.]

Defn: A black woman; a female negro.

NEGRITA
Ne*gri"ta, n. Etym: [Sp., blackish, fem. of negrito, dim. of negro
black.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A blackish fish (Hypoplectrus nigricans), of the Sea-bass
family. It is a native of the West Indies and Florida.

NEGRITIC
Ne*grit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to negroes; composed of negroes. Keary.

NEGRITOS
Ne*gri"tos, n. pl.; sing Negrito (. Etym: [Sp., dim. of negro black.]
(Ethnol.)

Defn: A degraded Papuan race, inhabiting Luzon and some of the other
east Indian Islands. They resemble negroes, but are smaller in size.
They are mostly nomads.

NEGRO
Ne"gro, n.; pl. Negroes (. Etym: [Sp. or Pg. negro, fr. negro black,
L. niger; perh. akin to E. night.]

Defn: A black man; especially, one of a race of black or very dark
persons who inhabit the greater part of tropical Africa, and are
distinguished by crisped or curly hair, flat noses, and thick
protruding lips; also, any black person of unmixed African blood,
wherever found.

NEGRO
Ne"gro, a.

Defn: of or pertaining to negroes; black. Negro bug (Zoöl.), a minute
black bug common on the raspberry and blackberry. It produced a very
disagreeable flavor.
 -- negro corn, the Indian millet or durra; -- so called in the West
Indies. see Durra. McElrath.
 -- Negro fly (Zoöl.), a black dipterous fly (Psila rosæ) which, in
the larval state, is injurious to carrots; -- called also carrot fly.
 -- Negro head (Com.), Cavendish tobacco. [Cant] McElrath.
 -- Negro monkey (Zoöl.), the moor monkey.

NEGROHEAD
Ne"gro*head`, n.

Defn: An inferior commercial variety of India rubber made up into
round masses.

NEGROID
Ne"groid, a. Etym: [Negro + -oid.]

1. Characteristic of the negro.

2. Resembling the negro or negroes; of or pertaining to those who
resemble the negro.

NEGROLOID
Ne"gro*loid, a.

Defn: See Negroid.

NEGUS
Ne"gus, n.

Defn: A beverage made of wine, water, sugar, nutmeg, and lemon juice;
-- so called, it is said, from its first maker, Colonel Negus.

NEHILOTH
Ne"hi*loth, n. pl. Etym: [Heb.] (Script.)

Defn: A term supposed to mean, perforated wind instruments of music,
as pipes or flutes. Ps. v. (heading).

NEHUSHTAN
Ne*hush"tan, n. Etym: [Heb.]

Defn: A thing of brass; -- the name under which the Israelites
worshiped the brazen serpent made by Moses. 2 Kings xviii. 4.

NEIF; NEIFE
Neif, Neife, n. Etym: [OF. neïf, naïf, a born serf, fr. L. nativus
born, imparted by birth. See Native.]

Defn: A woman born in the state of villeinage; a female serf.
Blackstone.

NEIF; NEAF
Neif, Neaf, n. Etym: [Icel. hnefi; akin to Dan. næve, Sw. näfve.]

Defn: The first. [Obs.] "I kiss thy neif." "Give me your neaf." Shak.

NEIGH
Neigh, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Neighed; p. pr. & vb. n. Neighing.] Etym:
[OE. neien, AS. hn, prob. of imitative origin; cf. MHG. n, Icel.
hneggja, gneggja, Sw. gnägga. Cf. Nag a horse.]

1. To utter the cry of the horse; to whinny.

2. To scoff or sneer; to jeer. [Obs.]
Neighed at his nakedness. Beau. & Fl.

NEIGH
Neigh, n.

Defn: The cry of a horse; a whinny.

NEIGHBOR
Neigh"bor, n. Etym: [OE. neighebour, AS. neáhgeb; neáh nigh + gebr a
dweller, farmer; akin to D. nabuur, G. nachbar, OHG. nahgib. See
Nigh, and Boor.] [Spelt also neighbour.]

1. A person who lives near another; one whose abode is not far off.
Chaucer.
Masters, my good friends, mine honest neighbors. Shak.

2. One who is near in sympathy or confidence.
Buckingham No more shall be the neighbor to my counsel. Shak.

3. One entitled to, or exhibiting, neighborly kindness; hence, one of
the human race; a fellow being.
Which now of these three, thinkest thou, was neighbor unto him that
fell among the thieves Luke x. 36.
The gospel allows no such term as "stranger;" makes every man my
neighbor. South.

NEIGHBOR
Neigh"bor, a.

Defn: Near to another; adjoining; adjacent; next; neighboring. "The
neighbor cities." Jer. l. 40. "The neighbor room." Shak.

NEIGHBOR
neigh"bor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Neighbored; p. pr. & vb. n
Neighboring.]

1. To adjoin; to border on; tobe near to.
Leisurely ascending hills that neighbor the shore. Sandys.

2. To associate intimately with. [Obs.] Shak.

NEIGHBOR
Neigh"bor, v. i.

Defn: To dwell in the vicinity; to be a neighbor, or in the
neighborhood; to be near. [Obs.]
A copse that neighbors by. Shak.

NEIGHBORHOOD
Neigh"bor*hood, n. Etym: [Written also neighbourhood.]

1. The quality or condition of being a neighbor; the state of being
or dwelling near; proximity.
Then the prison and the palace were in awful neighborhood. Ld.
Lytton.

2. A place near; vicinity; adjoining district; a region the
inhabitants of which may be counted as neighbors; as, he lives in my
neighborhood.

3. The inhabitants who live in the vicinity of each other; as, the
fire alarmed all the neiborhood.

4. The disposition becoming a neighbor; neighborly kindness or good
will. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- Vicinity; vicinaty; proximity.
 -- Neighborhood, Vicinity. Neigborhood is Anglo-Saxon, and vicinity
is Latin. Vicinity does not commonly denote so close a connection as
neighborhood. A neigborhood is a more immediately vicinity. The
houses immediately adjoining a square are in the neighborhood of that
square; those which are somewhat further removed are also in the
vicinity of the square.

NEIGHBORING
Neigh"bor*ing, a.

Defn: Living or being near; adjacent; as, the neighboring nations or
countries.

NEIGHBORLINESS
Neigh"bor*li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being neighborly.

NEIGHBORLY
Neigh"bor*ly, a. Etym: [Also written neighbourly.]

Defn: Apropriate to the relation of neighbors; having frequent or
familiar intercourse; kind; civil; social; friendly.
 -- adv.

Defn: In a neigborly manner.
Judge if this be neighborly dealing. Arbuthnot.

NEIGHBORSHIP
Neigh"bor*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being neighbors. [R.] J. Bailie.

NEISHOUT
Neis"hout, n. Etym: [From D. niezen to sneeze + hout wood.] (Bot.)

Defn: The mahogany-like wood of the South African tree Pteroxylon
utile, the sawdust of which causes violent sneezing (whence the
name). Also called sneezewood.

NEITHER
Nei"ther ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [OE. neiter, nother, nouther, AS. naw,
nahwæ; na never, not + hwæ whether. The word has followed the form of
either. See No, and Whether, and cf. Neuter, Nor.]

Defn: Not either; not the one or the other.
Which of them shall I take Both one or neither Neither can be
enjoyed, If both remain alive. Shak.
He neither loves, Nor either cares for him. Shak.

NEITHER
Nei"ther, conj.

Defn: not either; generally used to introduce the first of two or
more coördinate clauses of which those that follow begin with nor.
Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king. 1 Kings
xxii. 31.
Hadst thou been firm and fixed in thy dissent, Neither had I
transgressed, nor thou with me. Milton.
When she put it on, she made me vow That I should neither sell, nor
give, nor lose it. Shak.

Note: Neither was formerly often used where we now use nor. "For
neither circumcision, neither uncircumcision is anything at all."
Tyndale. "Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it." Gen.
iii. 3. Neither is sometimes used colloquially at the end of a clause
to enforce a foregoing negative (nor, not, no). "He is very tall, but
not too tall neither." Addison. " `I care not for his thrust' `No,
nor I neither.'" Shak. Not so neither, by no means. [Obs.] Shak.

NELUMBO
Ne*lum"bo, n. Etym: [Ceylonese word.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of great water lilies. The North American species is
Nelumbo lutea, the Asiatic is the sacred lotus, N. speciosa. [Written
also Nelumbium.]

NEMALINE
Nem"a*line, a. Etym: [L. nema thread, gr. (Min.)

Defn: Having the form of threads; fibrous.

NEMALITE
Nem"a*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. némalite.] (Min.)

Defn: A fibrous variety of brucite.

NEMATELMIA
Nem`a*tel"mi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Nemathelminthes.

NEMATHECIUM
Nem`a*the"ci*um ( or , n.; pl. Nemathecia. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A peculiar kind of fructification on certain red algæ,
consisting of an external mass of filaments at length separating into
tetraspores.

NEMATHELMINTHES; NEMATELMINTHES
Nem`a*thel*min"thes, Nem`a*tel*min"thes, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See
Nemato-, and Helminthes.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of helminths, including the Nematoidea and Gordiacea;
the roundworms. [Written also Nematelminthea.]

NEMATO-
Nem"a*to-

Defn: . A combining from Gr. nhema, nhematos, a thread.

NEMATOBLAST
Nem"a*to*blast, n. Etym: [Nemato- + -blast.] (Biol.)

Defn: A spermatocyte or spermoblast.

NEMATOCALYX
Nem`a*to*ca"lyx, n.; pl. Nematocalyces, E. -calyxes. Etym: [NL. See
Nemato-, and Calyx.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a peculiar kind of cups, or calicles, found upon
hydroids of the family Plumularidæ. They contain nematocysts. See
Plumularia.

NEMATOCERA
Nem`a*toc"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of dipterous insects, having long antennæ, as the
mosquito, gnat, and crane fly; -- called also Nemocera.

NEMATOCYST
Nem"a*to*cyst, n. Etym: [Nemato- + cyst.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lasso cell, or thread cell. See Lasso cell, under Lasso.

NEMATODE
Nem"a*tode, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Nematoid.

NEMATOGENE
Nem"a*to*gene, n. Etym: [Nemato- + root of Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the dimorphic forms of the species of Dicyemata, which
produced vermiform embryos; -- opposed to Ant: rhombogene.

NEMATOGNATH
Nem`a*tog"nath, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: one of the Nematognathi.

NEMATOGNATHI
Nem`a*tog"na*thi, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See nemato-, and Gnathic.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes having barbels on the jaws. It includes the
catfishes, or siluroids. See Siluroid.

NEMATOID
Nem"a*toid, a. Etym: [Nemato- + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: of or pertaining to the Nematoidea.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Nematoidea. see Illustration in Appendix.

NEMATOIDEA
Nem`a*toi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of worms, having a long, round, and generally smooth
body; the roundworms. they are mostly parasites. Called also
Nematodea, and Nematoda.

Note: The trichina, stomach worm, and pinworm of man belong to this
group. See also Vinegar eel, under Vinegar, and Gapeworm.

NEMATOIDEAN
Nem`a*toid"e*an, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Nematoid.

NEMATOPHORA
Nem`a*toph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Cælenterata.

NEMEAN
Ne"me*an, a. Etym: [L. Nemeus, fr. Nemea, Ge.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Nemea, in Argolis, where the ancient Greeks
celebrated games, and Hercules killed a lion.

NEMERTEAN
Ne*mer"te*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Nemertina.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Nemertina.

NEMERTES
Ne*mer"tes, n. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of nemertina.

NEMERTIAN
Ne*mer"ti*an, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Nemertean.

NEMERTID
Ne*mer"tid, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Nemertean.

NEMERTIDA
Ne*mer"ti*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Nemertina.

NEMERTINA
Nem`er*ti"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Nemrtes.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of helminths usually having a long, slender, smooth,
often bright-colored body, covered with minute vibrating cilia; --
called also Nemertea, Nemertida, and Rhynchocæla.

Note: The mouth is beneath the head, and the straight intestine at
the posterior and. They have a very singular long tubular proboscis,
which can be everted from a pore in the front of the head. Their
nervous system and blood vessels are well developed. Some of the
species become over one hundred feet long. They are mostly marine and
seldom parasitic; a few inhabit fresh water. the two principal
divisions are Anopla and Enopla.

NEMESIS
Nem"e*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. gr. Nomad.] (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The goddess of retribution or vengeance; hence, retributive
justice personified; divine vengeance.
This is that ancient doctrine of nemesis who keeps watch in the
universe, and lets no offense go unchastised. Emerson.

NEMOPHILIST
Ne*moph"i*list, n. Etym: [See Nemophily.]

Defn: One who is fond of forest or forest scenery; a haunter of the
woods. [R.]

NEMOPHILY
Ne*moph"i*ly, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Fondness for forest scenery; love of the woods. [R.]

NEMORAL
Nem"o*ral, a. Etym: [L. nemoralis, fr. nemus, nemoris, a wood or
grove: cf. F. némoral.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a wood or grove. [R.]

NEMOROUS
Nem"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. nemorosus.]

Defn: Woody. [R.]
Paradise itself was but a kind of nemorous temple. Evelyn.

NEMPNE
Nemp"ne, v. t. Etym: [AS. nemnan to name or call. See Name, v.]

Defn: To name or call. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NEMPT
Nempt, p. p.

Defn: of Nempne. Called; named. [Obs.]

NEMS
Nems, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ichneumon.

NENIA
Ne"ni*a, n. Etym: [L. nenia, naenia.]

Defn: A funeral song; an elegy.

NENUPHAR
Nen"u*phar, n. Etym: [F. nénufar: cf. Sp. nenúfar, It. nenufár; all
fr. Per. nil.] (Bot.)

Defn: The great white water lily of Europe; the Nymphæa alba.

NEO-
Ne"o- (. Etym: [Gr. New.]

Defn: A prefix meaning new, recent, late; and in chemistry
designating specifically that variety of metameric hydrocarbons
which, when the name was applied, had been recently classified, and
in which at least one carbon atom in connected directly with four
other carbon atoms; -- contrasted with normal and iso-; as,
neopentane; the neoparaffins. Also used adjectively.

NEOCARIDA
Ne`o*car"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The modern, or true, Crustacea, as distinguished from the
Merostomata.

NEOCENE
Ne"o*cene, a. Etym: [Neo- + Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: More recent than the Eocene, that is, including both the
Miocene and Pliocene divisions of the Tertiary.

NEO-CHRISTIANITY
Ne`o-Chris*tian"i*ty ( or ), n. Etym: [Neo- + Christianity.]

Defn: Rationalism.

NEOCLASSIC
Ne`o*clas"sic, a.  [Neo- + classic.]

Defn: Belonging to, or designating, the modern revival of classical,
esp. Greco-Roman, taste and manner of work in architecture, etc.

NEOCLASSIC ARCHITECTURE
Neoclassic architecture.

Defn: All that architecture which, since the beginning of the Italian
Renaissance, about 1420, has been designed with deliberate imitation
of Greco-Roman buildings.

NEOCOMIAN
Ne`o*co"mi*an, n. Etym: [From Neocomium, the Latin name of Neuchatel,
in Switzerland, where these rocks occur.] (Geol.)

Defn: A term applied to the lowest deposits of the Cretaceous or
chalk formation of Europe, being the lower greensand.

NEOCOMIAN
Ne`o*co"mi*an, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lower greensand.

NEOCOSMIC
Ne`o*cos"mic, a. Etym: [Neo- + cosmic.]

Defn: of or pertaining to the universe in its present state;
specifically, pertaining to the races of men known to history.

NEOCRACY
Ne*oc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Neo-+ -cracy, as in aristocracy.]

Defn: Government by new or inexperienced hands; upstart rule; raw or
untried officials.

NEOCRITICISM
Ne`o*crit"i*cism, n.  [Neo- + classicism.]

Defn: The form of Neo-Kantianism developed by French idealists,
following C. Renouvier.  It rejects the noumena of Kant, restricting
knowledge to phenomena as constituted by a priori categories.

NEODAMODE
Ne*od"a*mode, n. Etym: [Gr. dh`mos, the people +

Defn: In ancient Sparta, one of those Helots who were freed by the
state in reward for military service. Milford.

NEO-DARWINISM
Ne`o-Dar"win*ism, n.

Defn: The theory which holds natural selection, as explained by
Darwin, to be the chief factor in the evolution of plants and
animals, and denies the inheritance of acquired characters; -- esp.
opposed to Neo-Lamarckism. Weismannism is an example of extreme Neo-
Darwinism. -- Ne`o-Dar*win"i*an, a. & n.

NEODYMIUM
Ne`o*dym"i*um, n. Etym: [NL. Dee Neo-, and Didymium.] (Chem.)

Defn: An elementary substance which forms one of the constituents of
didymium. Symbol Nd. Atomic weight 140.8.

NEOGAEAN
Ne`o*gæ"an, a. Etym: [Neo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the New World, or Western Hemisphere.

NEOGAMIST
Ne*og"a*mist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A person recently married.

NEOGEN
Ne"o*gen, n. Etym: [Neo- + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alloy resembling silver, and consisting chiefly of copper,
zinc, and nickel, with small proportions of tin, aluminium, and
bismuth. Ure.

NEOGRAMMARIAN
Ne`o*gram*ma"ri*an, n.  [Neo-+ grammarian; a translation of G.
junggrammatiker.]

Defn: One of a group of philologists who apply phonetic laws more
widely and strictly than was formerly done, and who maintain that
these laws admit of no real exceptions. --Ne`o*gram*mat"ic*al (#), a.

NEOGRAPHY
Ne*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Neo- + -graphy.]

Defn: A new method or system of writing.

NEO-GREEK
Ne`o-Greek", n.

Defn: A member of a body of French painters (F. les néo-Grecs) of the
middle 19th century. The term is rather one applied by outsiders to
certain artists of grave and refined style, such as Hamon and Aubert,
than a name adopted by the artists themselves.

NEO-HEBRAIC
Neo-Hebraic, n.

Defn: The modern Hebrew language.

NEO-HEBRAIC
Ne`o-He*bra"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pert. to, or designating, modern Hebrew, or Hebrew of later
date than the Biblical.

NEO-HEGELIAN
Neo-Hegelian, n.

Defn: An adherent of Neo-Hegelianism.

NEO-HEGELIAN
Ne`o-He*ge"li*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Neo-Hegelianism.

NEO-HEGELIANISM
Ne`o-He*ge"li*an*ism, n.

Defn: The philosophy of a school of British and American idealists
who follow Hegel in dialectical or logical method and in the general
outcome of their doctrine. The founders and leaders of Neo-
Hegelianism include: in England, T. H. Green (1836-1882); in
Scotland, J. (1820-98) and E. (1835-1908) Caird; in the United
States, W. T. Harris (1835-1909) and Josiah Royce (1855- -).

NEO-HELLENIC
Ne`o-Hel*len"ic, n.

Defn: Same as Romaic.

NEO-HELLENISM
Ne`o-Hel"len*ism, n.

Defn: Hellenism as surviving or revival in modern times; the practice
or pursuit of ancient Greek ideals in modern life, art, or
literature, as in the Renaissance.

NEOIMPRESSIONISM; POINTILLISM
Ne`o*im*pres"sion*ism, n. (Painting)

Defn: A theory or practice which is a further development, on more
rigorously scientific lines, of the theory and practice of
Impressionism, originated by George Seurat (1859-91), and carried on
by Paul Signac (1863- -) and others. Its method is marked by the
laying of pure primary colors in minute dots upon a white ground, any
given line being produced by a variation in the proportionate
quantity of the primary colors employed. This method is also known as
Pointillism (stippling).

NEO-KANTIAN
Neo-Kantian, n.

Defn: An adherent of Neo-Kantianism.

NEO-KANTIAN
Ne`o-Kant"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Neo-Kantianism.

NEO-KANTIANISM
Ne`o-Kant"i*an*ism, n.

Defn: The philosophy of modern thinkers who follow Kant in his
general theory of knowledge, esp. of a group of German philosophers
including F. A. Lange, H. Cohen, Paul Natorp, and others.

NEO-LAMARCKISM
Ne`o-La*marck"ism, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Lamarckism as revived, modified, and expounded by recent
biologists, esp. as maintaining that the offspring inherits
characters acquired by the parent from change of environment, use or
disuse of parts, etc.; -- opposed of Neo-Darwinism (which see,
above). -- Ne`o-La*marck"i*an, a. & n.

NEO-LATIN
Ne`o-Lat"in, a. Etym: [Neo- + Latin.]

Defn: Applied to the Romance languages, as being mostly of Latin
origin.

NEOLITHIC
Ne`o*lith"ic, a. Etym: [Neo- + -lith + -ic.] (Archæol. & Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or designating, an era characterized by
late remains in stone.
The Neolithic era includes the latter half of the "Stone age;" the
human relics which belong to it are associated with the remains of
animals not yet extinct. The kitchen middens of Denmark, the lake
dwellings of Switzerland, and the stockaded islands, or "crannogs,"
of the British Isles, belong to this era. Lubbock.

NEOLOGIAN
Ne`o*lo*gi*an, a.

Defn: Neologic; neological.

NEOLOGIAN
Ne`o*lo"gi*an, n.

Defn: A neologist.

NEOLOGIANISM
Ne`o*lo"gi*an*ism, n.

Defn: Neologism.

NEOLOGIC; NEOLOGICAL
Ne`o*log"ic, Ne`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. néologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to neology; employing new words; of the nature
of, or containing, new words or new doctrines.
A genteel neological dictionary. Chesterfield.

NEOLOGICALLY
Ne`o*log"ic*al*ly

Defn: , adv. In a neological manner.

NEOLOGISM
Ne*ol"o*gism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. néologisme.]

1. The introduction of new words, or the use of old words in a new
sense. Mrs. Browning.

2. A new word, phrase, or expression.

3. A new doctrine; specifically, rationalism.

NEOLOGIST
Ne*ol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. néologiste.]

1. One who introduces new word or new senses of old words into a
language.

2. An innovator in any doctrine or system of belif, especially in
theology; one who introduces or holds doctrines subversie of
supernatural or revealed religion; a rationalist, so-called.

NEOLOGISTIC; NEOLOGISTICAL
Ne*ol`o*gis"tic, Ne*ol`o*gis"tic*al, a.

Defn: of or pertaining to neology; neological.

NEOLOGIZATION
Ne*ol`o*gi*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of neologizing.

NEOLOGIZE
Ne*ol"o*gize, v. i.

1. To introduce or use new words or terms or new uses of old words.

2. To introduce innovations in doctrine, esp. in theological
doctrine.

NEOLOGY
Ne*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Neo- + -logy: cf. F. néologie.]

1. The introduction of a new word, or of words or significations,
into a language; as, the present nomenclature of chemistry is a
remarkable instance of neology.

2. A new doctrine; esp. (Theol.), a doctrine at variance with the
received interpretation of revealed truth; a new method of
theological interpretation; rationalism.

NEO-MALTHUSIAN
Ne`o-Mal*thu"sian, a.

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, a group of modern economists who
hold to the Malthusianism doctrine that permanent betterment of the
general standard of living is impossible without decrease of
competition by limitation of the number of births. -- Ne`o-
Mal*thu"sian, Ne`o-Mal*thu"sian*ism, n.

NEOMENIA
Ne`o*me"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: The time of the new moon; the beginning of the month in the
lunar calendar.

NEOMENOIDEA
Ne`o*me*noi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Neomenia, a representative
genus (See Neomenia) + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of vermiform gastropod mollusks, without a shell,
belonging to the Isopleura.

NEOMORPH
Ne"o*morph, n. Etym: [Neo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A structure, part, or organ developed independently, that is,
not derived from a similar structure, part, or organ, in a pre
existing form.

NEONISM
Ne"o*nism, n.

Defn: Neologism.

NEONOMIAN
Ne`o*no"mi*an, n. Etym: [Neo- + gr.

Defn: One who advocates adheres to new laws; esp. one who holds or
believes that the gospel is a new law.

NEONOMIAN
Ne`o*no"mi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Neonomians, or in accordance with their
doctrines.

NEONOMIANISM
Ne`o*no"mi*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrines or belief of the neonomians.

NEOPAGANISM
Ne`o*pa"gan*ism, n.  [Neo- + paganism.]

Defn: Revived or new paganism.

NEOPHYTE
Ne"o*phyte, n. Etym: [L. neophytis, Gr. néophyte. See New, and Be.]

1. A new convert or proselyte; -- a name given by the early
Christians, and still given by the Roman Catholics, to such as have
recently embraced the Christian faith, and been admitted to baptism,
esp. to converts from heathenism or Judaism.

2. A novice; a tyro; a beginner in anything.

NEOPLASIA
Ne`o*pla"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. (Physiol. & Med.)

Defn: Growth or development of new material; neoplasty.

NEOPLASM
Ne"o*plasm, n. Etym: [See Neoplasia.] (Physiol. & Med.)

Defn: A new formation or tissue, the product of morbid action.

NEOPLASTIC
Ne`o*plas"tic, a. (Physiol. & Med.)

Defn: of or pertaining to neoplasty, or neoplasia.

NEOPLASTY
Ne"o*plas`ty, n. Etym: [See Neoplasia.] (Physiol. & Med.)

Defn: Restoration of a part by granulation, adhesive inflammation, or
autoplasty.

NEOPLATONIC
Ne`o*pla"ton"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, Neoplatonism or the
Neoplatonists.

NEOPLATONICIAN
Ne`o*pla`to*ni"cian, n.

Defn: A neoplatonist.

NEOPLATONISM
Ne`o*pla"to*nism, n. Etym: [Neo- + Platonism.]

Defn: A pantheistic eclectic school of philosophy, of which Plotinus
was the chief (A. D. 205-270), and which sought to reconcile the
Platonic and Aristotelian systems with Oriental theosophy. It tended
to mysticism and theurgy, and was the last product of Greek
philosophy.

NEOPLATONIST
Ne`o*pla"to*nist, n.

Defn: One who held to Neoplatonism; a member of the Neoplatonic
school.

NEORAMA
Ne`o*ra"ma ( or ), n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A panorama of the interior of a building, seen from within.

NEO-SCHOLASTIC
Ne`o-Scho*las"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pert. to Neo-Scholasticism.

NEO-SCHOLASTICISM
Ne`o-Scho*las"ti*cism, n.

Defn: The modern revival of the Scholastic philosophy, esp. of that
of Thomas Aquinas, with critical revision to suit the exigencies of
the general advance in learning. The Neo-Scholastic movement received
a great impetus from Leo XIII.'s interest in it.

NEOSSINE
Ne*os"sine, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The substance constituting the edible bird's nest.

NEOSSOLOGY
Ne`os*sol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The study of young birds.

NEOTERIC; NEOTERICAL
Ne`o*ter"ic, Ne`o*ter"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. neotericus, gr.

Defn: Recent in origin; modern; new. "Our neoteric verbs." Fitzed.
Hall.
Some being ancient, others neoterical. Bacon.

NEOTERIC
Ne`o*ter"ic, n.

Defn: One of modern times; a modern.

NEOTERICALLY
Neo`ter"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Recently; newly.

NEOTERISM
Ne*ot"er*ism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An innovation or novelty; a neoteric word or phrase.

NEOTERIST
Ne*ot"er*ist, n.

Defn: One ho introduces new word Fitzed Hall.

NEOTERIZE
Ne*ot"er*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Neoterized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Neoterized.] Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To innovate; to coin or introduce new words.
Freely as we of the nineteenth century neoterize. fized. Hall.

NEOTROPICAL
Ne`o*trop"ic*al, a. Etym: [Neo- + tropical.] (Geog. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to, or designating, a region of the earth's surface
which comprises most of South America, the Antilles, and tropical
North America.

NEOZOIC
Ne`o*zo"ic, a. Etym: [Neo- + Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: More recent than the Paleozoic, -- that is, including the
Mesozoic and Cenozoic.

NEP
Nep, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. Nepeta.] (Bot.)

Defn: Catnip.

NEPA
Ne"pa, n. Etym: [L. nepa scorpion.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of aquatic hemipterus insects. The species feed upon
other insects and are noted for their voracity; -- called also
scorpion bug and water scorpion.

NEPAULESE
Nep`au*lese" ( or ), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Nepaul, a kingdom in Northern Hindostan.
 -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or natives of Nepaul.

NEPENTHE
Ne*pen"the, n. Etym: [Fr. Gr.

Defn: A drug used by the ancients to give relief from pain and
sorrow; -- by some supposed to have been opium or hasheesh. Hence,
anything soothing and comforting.
Lulled with the sweet nepenthe of a court. Pope.
Quaff, O quaff this kind nepenthe. Poe.

NEPENTHES
Ne*pen"thes, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Nepenthe.]

1. Same as Nepenthe. Milton.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of climbing plants found in India, Malaya, etc., which
have the leaves prolonged into a kind of stout tendril terminating in
a pitcherlike appendage, whence the plants are often called pitcher
plants and monkey-cups. There are about thirty species, of which the
best known is Nepenthes distillatoria. See Pitcher plant.

NEPETA
Nep"e*ta, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of labiate plants, including the catnip and ground ivy.

NEPHALISM
Neph"a*lism, n. Etym: [Gr. néphalisme.]

Defn: Total abstinence from spirituous liquor.

NEPHALIST
Neph"a*list, n. Etym: [Cf. F. néphaliste.]

Defn: One who advocates or practices nephalism.

NEPHELINE; NEPHELITE
Neph"e*line, Neph"e*lite, n. Etym: [gr. néphéline. Cf. Nebula.]
(Min.)

Defn: A mineral occuring at Vesuvius, in glassy agonal crystals; also
elsewhere, in grayish or greenish masses having a greasy luster, as
the variety elæolite. It is a silicate of aluminia, soda, and potash.

NEPHELODOMETER
Neph`e*lo*dom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Meteorol.)

Defn: An instrument for reckoning the distances or velocities of
clouds.

NEPHELOMETER
Neph`e*lom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring or registering the amount of
cloudiness.

NEPHEW
Neph"ew (; in England , n. Etym: [OE. neveu, nevou, nevu, fr. F.
neveu, OF. also, nevou, L. nepos; akin to AS. nefa, D. neef, G.
neffe, OHG. nevo, Icel. nefi a kinsman, gr. nepat grandson,
descendant. sq. root262. Cf. Niece, Nepotism.]

1. A grandson or grandchild, or remoter lineal descendant. [Obs.]
But if any widow have children or nephews [Rev. Ver. grandchildren,].
1 Tim. v. 4.
If naturalists say true that nephews are often liker to their
grandfathers than to their fathers. Jer. Taylor.

2. A cousin. [Obs.] Shak.

3. The son of a brother or a sister, or of a brother-in-law or
sister-in-law. Chaucer.

NEPHILIM
Neph"i*lim, n. pl. Etym: [Heb. n.]

Defn: Giants. Gen. vi. 4. Num. xiii. 33.

NEPHOSCOPE
Neph"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Meteorol.)

Defn: An instrument for observing the clouds and their velocity.

NEPHRALGIA; NEPHRALGY
Ne*phral"gi*a, Ne*phral"gy, n. Etym: [NL. nephralgia, fr. Gr.
néphralgie.] (Med.)

Defn: Neuralgia of the kidneys; a disease characterized by pain in
the region of the kidneys without any structural lesion of the
latter. Quain.

NEPHRIDIAL
Ne*phrid"i*al, a. (Zoöl. & Anat.)

Defn: of or pertaining to a nephridium.

NEPHRIDIUM
Ne*phrid"i*um, n.; pl. Nephridia. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. kidneys.]
(Zoöl. & Anat.)

Defn: A segmental tubule; one of the tubules of the primitive
urinogenital organs; a segmental organ. See Illust. under Loeven's
larva.

NEPHRITE
Neph"rite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. néphrite. See Nephritis.] (Min.)

Defn: A hard compact mineral, of a dark green color, formerly worn as
a remedy for diseases of the kidneys, whence its name; kidney stone;
a kind of jade. See Jade.

NEPHRITIC; NEPHRITICAL
Ne*phrit"ic, Ne*phrit"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. nephriticus, gr.
néphrétique. See Nephritis.]

1. Of or pertaining to the kidneys or urinary organs; renal; as, a
nephritic disease.

2. (Med.)
(a) Affected with a disease of the kidneys; as, a nephritic patient.
(b) Relieving disorders of the kidneys; affecting the kidneys; as, a
nephritic medicine. Nephritic stone (Min.), nephrite; jade. See
Nephrite.

NEPHRITIC
Ne*phrit"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine adapted to relieve or cure disease of the kidneys.

NEPHRITIS
Ne*phri"tis, n. Etym: [L., fr. gr. (Med.)

Defn: An inflammation of the kidneys.

NEPHROLITHIC
neph`ro*lith"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. -lith + ic.] (Med.)

Defn: of or pertaining to gravel, or renal calculi. Dunglison.

NEPHROLOGY
Ne*phrol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A treatise on, or the science which treats of, the kidneys, and
their structure and functions.

NEPHROSTOME
Neph"ro*stome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl. & Anat.)

Defn: The funnelshaped opening of a nephridium into the body cavity.

NEPHROTOMY
Ne*phrot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. néphrotomie.] (Surg.)

Defn: Extraction of stone from the kidney by cutting.

NE PLUS ULTRA
Ne plus ul"tra. [L., no further; ne no, not + plus more + ultra
beyond.]

1. The uttermost point to which one can go or attain; hence, the
summit of achievement; the highest point or degree; the acme.

2.  A prohibition against proceeding further; an insuperable obstacle
or limiting condition. [Obs. or R.]

NEPOTAL
Nep"o*tal, a.

Defn: Of or relating to a nephew.

NEPOTIC
Ne*pot"ic, a. Etym: [See nepotism.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to npotism.
The nepotic ambition of the ruling pontiff. Milman.

NEPOTISM
Nep"o*tism, n. Etym: [L. nepus, nepotus, nephew: cf. F. népotisme.
See Nephew.]

Defn: Undue attachment to relations; favoritism shown to members of
one's family; bestowal of patronage in consideration of relationship,
rather than of merit or of legal claim.
From nepotism Alexander V. was safe; for he was without kindred or
relatives. But there was another perhaps more fatal nepotism, which
turned the tide of popularity against him -- the nepotism of his
order. Milman.

NEPOTIST
Nep"o*tist, n.

Defn: One who practices nepotism.

NEPTUNE
Nep"tune, n. Etym: [L. Neptunus.]

1. (Rom. Myth.)

Defn: The son of Saturn and Ops, the god of the waters, especially of
the sea. He is represented as bearing a trident for a scepter.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The remotest known planet of our system, discovered -- as a
result of the computations of Leverrier, of Paris -- by Galle, of
Berlin, September 23, 1846. Its mean distance from the sun is about
2,775,000,000 miles, and its period of revolution is about 164,78
years. Neptune powder, an explosive containing nitroglycerin, -- used
in blasting.
 -- Neptune's cup (Zoöl.), a very large, cup-shaped, marine sponge
(Thalassema Neptuni).

NEPTUNIAN
Nep*tu"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Neptunius belonging to Neptune: cf. F.
neptunien.]

1. Of or pertaining to the ocean or sea.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Formed by water or aqueous solution; as, Neptunian rocks.
Neptunian races (Ethnol.), the Malay and Polynesian races.
 -- Neptunian theory (Geol.), the theory of Werner, which referred
the formation of all rocks and strata to the agency of water; --
opposed to the Plutonic theory.

NEPTUNIAN; NEPTUNIST
Nep*tu"ni*an, Nep"tu*nist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. neptinien, neptuniste.]
(Geol.)

Defn: One who adopts the neptunian theory.

NEPTUNICENTRIC
Nep*tu`ni*cen"tric, a. Etym: [Neptune + centric.] (Astron.)

Defn: As seen from Neptune, or having Neptune as a center; as,
Neptunicentric longitude or force.

NEPTUNIUM
Nep*tu"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A new metallic element, of doubtful genuineness and uncertain
indentification, said to exist in certain minerals, as columbite.
Hermann.

NER
Ner, adv. & a.

Defn: nearer. [Obs.] See Nerre.

NERE
Nere. Etym: [Contr. fr. ne were.]

Defn: Were not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NEREID
Ne"re*id, n.; pl. E. Nereids, L. Nereides. Etym: [L. Nereis, -idis,
gr. nara water, cf. Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A sea nymph, one of the daughters of Nereus, who were
attendants upon Neptune, and were represented as riding on sea
horses, sometimes with the human form entire, and sometimes with the
tail of a fish.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Nereis. The word is sometimes used for similar
annelids of other families.

NEREIDIAN
Ne`re*id"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any annelid resembling Nereis, or of the family Lycoridæ or
allied families.

NEREIS
Ne"re*is ( or ), n.; pl. Nereides. Etym: [L.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A Nereid. See Nereid.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus, including numerous species, of marine chætopod
annelids, having a well-formed head, with two pairs of eyes, antennæ,
four pairs of tentacles, and a protrusile pharynx, armed with a pair
of hooked jaws.

NEREITES
Ne"re*ites, n. pl. (Paleon.)

Defn: Fossil tracks of annelids.

NEREOCYSTIS
Ne`re*o*cys"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Nereid, and Cyst.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of gigantic seaweeds.

Note: Nereocystis Lutkeana, of the North Pacific, has a stem many
fathoms long, terminating in a great vesicle, which is crowned with a
tuft of long leaves. The stem is used by the Alaskans for fishing
lines.

NERFLING
Nerf"ling, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The id.

NERITA
Ne*ri"ta, n. Etym: [L., a sort of sea mussel, gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine gastropods, mostly natives of warm climates.

NERITE
Ner"ite ( or ; 277), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any mollusk of the genus Nerita.

NERITINA
Ner`i*ti"na, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus including numerous species of shells resembling Nerita
in form. They mostly inhabit brackish water, and are often delicately
tinted.

NERKA
Ner"ka, n. [Russ. niarka, prob. fr. native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The most important salmon of Alaska (Oncorhinchus nerka),
ascending in spring most rivers and lakes from Alaska to Oregon,
Washington, and Idaho; --called also red salmon, redfish, blueback,
and sawqui.

NERO
Ne"ro, n.

Defn: A Roman emperor notorius for debauchery and barbarous cruelty;
hence, any profligate and cruel ruler or merciless tyrant.
 -- Ne*ro"ni*an, a.

NERO-ANTICO
Ne`ro-an*ti"co, n. [It.; nero black + antico ancient.] (Art)

Defn: A beautiful black marble found in fragments among Roman ruins,
and usually thought to have come from ancient Laconia.

NEROLI
Ner"o*li, n. Etym: [F. néroli, said to be from the name of an Italian
princess.] (Chem.)

Defn: An essential oil obtained by distillation from the flowers of
the orange. It has a strong odor, and is used in perfumery, etc.
Neroli camphor (Chem.), a white crystalline waxy substance, tasteless
and odorless, obtained from beroli oil; -- called also auradin.

NERRE
Ner"re, adv. & a. Etym: [See Near.]

Defn: Nearer. [Obs.] [Written also neer, ner.] Chaucer. Never the
neer, never the nearer; no nearer. [Obs.]

NERVATE
Nerv"ate, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Nerved.

NERVATION
Ner*va"tion, n.

Defn: The arrangement of nerves and veins, especially those of
leaves; neuration.
The outlines of the fronds of ferns, and their nervation, are frail
characters if employed alone for the determination of existing
genera. J. D. Hooker.

NERVE
Nerve, n. Etym: [OE. nerfe, F. nerf, L. nervus, akin to Gr. needle.
Cf. Neuralgia.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the whitish and elastic bundles of fibers, with the
accompanying tissues, which transmit nervous impulses between nerve
centers and various parts of the animal body.

Note: An ordinary nerve is made up of several bundles of nerve
fibers, each bundle inclosed in a special sheath (the perineurium)
and all bound together in a connective tissue sheath and framework
(the epineurium) containing blood vessels and lymphatics.

2. A sinew or a tendon. Pope.

3. Physical force or steadiness; muscular power and control;
constitutional vigor.
he led me on to mightiest deeds, Above the nerve of mortal arm.
Milton.

4. Steadiness and firmness of mind; self-command in personal danger,
or under suffering; unshaken courage and endurance; coolness; pluck;
resolution.

5. Audacity; assurance. [Slang]

6. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the principal fibrovascular bundles or ribs of a leaf,
especially when these extend straight from the base or the midrib of
the leaf.

7. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the nervures, or veins, in the wings of insects. Nerve
cell (Anat.), one of the nucleated cells with which nerve fibers are
connected; a ganglion cell.
 -- Nerve fiber (Anat.), one of the fibers of which nerves are made
up. These fibers are either medullated or nonmedullated. in both
kinds the essential part is the translucent threadlike axis cylinder
which is continuous the whole length of the fiber.
 -- Nerve stretching (Med.), the operation of stretching a nerve in
order to remedy diseases such as tetanus, which are supposed to be
influenced by the condition of the nerve or its connections.

NERVE
Nerve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nerved; p. pr. & vb. n. Nerving.]

Defn: To give strength or vigor to; to supply with force; as, fear
nerved his arm.

NERVED
Nerved, a.

1. Having nerves of a special character; as, weak-nerved.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having nerves, or simple and parallel ribs or veins. Gray.

NERVELESS
Nerve"less, a.

1. Destitute of nerves.

2. Destitute of strength or of courage; wanting vigor; weak;
powerless.
A kingless people for a nerveless state. Byron.
Awaking, all nerveless, from an ugly dream. Hawthorne.

NERVELESSNESS
Nerve"less*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being nerveless.

NERVE-SHAKEN
Nerve"-shak`en, a.

Defn: Affected by a tremor, or by a nervous disease; weakened;
overcome by some violent influence or sensation; shoked.

NERVIMOTION
Ner`vi*mo"tion, n. Etym: [Nerve + motion.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The movement caused in the sensory organs by external agents
and transmitted to the muscles by the nerves. Dunglison.

NERVIMOTOR
Ner`vi*mo"tor, n. Etym: [Nerve + motor.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Any agent capable of causing nervimotion. Dunglison.

NERVINE
Nerv"ine a. Etym: [L. nervinus made of sinews: cf.F. nervin. See
Nerve.] (Med.)

Defn: Having the quality of acting upon or affecting the nerves;
quieting nervous excitement.
 -- n.

Defn: A nervine agent.

NERVOMUSCULAR
Ner`vo*mus"cu*lar, a. Etym: [Nerve + muscular.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to both nerves and muscles; of the nature of
nerves and muscles; as, nervomuscular energy.

NERVOSE
Ner*vose", a. Etym: [See Nervous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Nerved.

NERVOSITY
Ner*vos"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. nervositas strength.]

Defn: Nervousness. [R.]

NERVOUS
Nerv"ous, a. Etym: [L. nervosus sinewy, vigorous: cf. F. nerveux. See
Nerve.]

1. possessing nerve; sinewy; strong; vigorous. "Nervous arms." Pope.

2. Possessing or manifesting vigor of mind; characterized by strength
in sentiment or style; forcible; spirited; as, a nervous writer.

3. Of or pertaining to the nerves; seated in the nerves; as, nervous
excitement; a nervous fever.

4. Having the nerves weak, diseased, or easily excited; subject to,
or suffering from, undue excitement of the nerves; easily agitated or
annoyed.
Poor, weak, nervous creatures. Cheyne.

5. Sensitive; excitable; timid.
Our aristocratic class does not firmly protest against the unfair
treatment of Irish Catholics, because it is nervous about the land.
M. Arnold.
Nervous fever (Med.), a low form of fever characterized by great
disturbance of the nervous system, as evinced by delirium, or stupor,
disordered sensibility, etc.
 -- Nervous system (Anat.), the specialized coördinating apparatus
which endows animals with sensation and volition. In vertebrates it
is often divided into three systems: the central, brain and spinal
cord; the peripheral, cranial and spinal nerves; and the sympathetic.
See Brain, Nerve, Spinal cord, under Spinal, and Sympathetic system,
under Sympathetic, and Illust. in Appendix.
 -- Nervous temperament, a condition of body characterized by a
general predominance of mental manifestations. Mayne.

NERVOUSLY
Nerv"ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a nervous manner.

NERVOUSNESS
Nerv"ous*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being nervous.

NERVURE
Nerv"ure, n. Etym: [F. See Nerve.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the nerves of leaves.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the chitinous supports, or veins, in the wings of
incests.

NERVY
Nerv"y, a. [Compar. Nervier; superl. - iest.]

Defn: Strong; sinewy. "His nervy knees." Keats.

NESCIENCE
Nes"cience, n. Etym: [L. nescientia, fr. nesciens, p.pr. of nescire
not to know; ne not + scire to know.]

Defn: Want of knowledge; ignorance; agnosticism.
God fetched it about for me, in that absence and nescience of mine.
Bp. Hall.

NESE
Nese, n.

Defn: Nose. [Obs.] Piers plowman.

NESH
Nesh, a. Etym: [AS. hnesc, hnæsc, akin to Goth. hnasqus.]

Defn: Soft; tender; delicate. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

NESS
Ness, n. Etym: [AS. næs, ns; akin to Icel. nes, Sw. näs, Dan. næs,
and E. nose. sq. root 261. See Nose.]

Defn: A promontory; a cape; a headland. Hakluyt.

Note: Ness is frequently used as a suffix in the names of places and
promontories; as, Sheerness.

-NESS
-ness (. Etym: [AS. -ness, -nyss, -nys; akin to OS. -nissi, nussi, D.
-nis, OHG. -nissa, -nassi, -nussi, G. -nis, -niss, Goth. -inasus.]

Defn: A suffix used to form abstract nouns expressive of quality or
state; as, goodness, greatness.

NESSLERIZE
Ness"ler*ize, v. t. Etym: [From Nessler, the chemist.] (Chem.)

Defn: To treat or test, as a liquid, with a solution of mercuric
iodide in potassium iodide and potassium hydroxide, which is called
Nessler's solution or Nessler's test, and is used to detect the
presence of ammonia.

NEST
Nest, n. Etym: [AS. nest; akin to D. & G. nest, Sw. näste, L. nidus,
for nisdus, Skr. ni resting place, nest; cf. Lith. lizdas, Arm. neiz,
Gael. & Ir. nead. Prob. from the particle ni down, Skr. ni + the root
of E. sit, and thus orig., a place to sit down in. sq. root 264. See
Nether, and Sit, and cf. Eyas, Nidification, Nye.]

1. The bed or receptacle prepared by a fowl for holding her eggs and
for hatching and rearing her young.
The birds of the air have nests. Matt. viii. 20.

2. Hence: the place in which the eggs of other animals, as insects,
turtles, etc., are laid and hatched; a snug place in which young
animals are reared. Bentley.

3. A snug, comfortable, or cozy residence or situation; a retreat, or
place of habitual resort; hence, those who occupy a nest, frequent a
haunt, or are associated in the same pursuit; as, a nest of traitors;
a nest of bugs.
A little cottage, like some poor man's nest. Spenser.

4. (Geol.)

Defn: An aggregated mass of any ore or mineral, in an isolated state,
within a rock.

5. A collection of boxes, cases, or the like, of graduated size, each
put within the one next larger.

6. (Mech.)

Defn: A compact group of pulleys, gears, springs, etc., working
together or collectively. Nest egg, an egg left in the nest to
prevent the hen from forsaking it, and to induce her to lay more in
the same place; hence, figuratively, something laid up as the
beginning of a fund or collection. Hudibras.

NEST
Nest, v. i.

Defn: To build and occupy a nest.
The king of birds nested within his leaves. Howell.

NEST
Nest, v. t.

Defn: To put into a nest; to form a nest for.
From him who nested himself into the chief power. South.

NESTFUL
Nest"ful, n.; pl. Nestfuls (.

Defn: As much or many as will fill a nest.

NESTLE
Nes"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nestled; p. pr. & vb. n. Nestling.]
Etym: [AS. nestlian.]

1. To make and occupy a nest; to nest. [Obs.]
The kingfisher ... nestles in hollow banks. L'Estrange.

2. To lie close and snug, as a bird in her nest; to cuddle up; to
settle, as in a nest; to harbor; to take shelter.
Their purpose was to fortify in some strong place of the wild
country, and there nestle till succors came. Bacon.

3. To move about in one's place, like a bird when shaping the
interior of her nest or a young bird getting close to the parent; as,
a child nestles.

NESTLE
Nes"tle, v. t.

Defn: To house, as in a nest.

2. To cherish, as a bird her young.

NESTLING
Nes"tling. n.

1. A young bird which has not abandoned the nest. Piers Plowman.

2. A nest; a receptacle. [Obs.] Bacon.

NESTLING
Nes"tling, a.

Defn: Newly hatched; being yet in the nest.

NESTOR
Nes"tor, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of parrots with gray heads. of New Zeland and papua,
allied to the cockatoos. See Kaka.

NESTORIAN
Nes*to"ri*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: An adherent of Nestorius, patriarch of Constantinople to the
fifth century, who has condemned as a heretic for maintaining that
the divine and the human natures were not merged into one nature in
Christ (who was God in man), and, hence, that it was improper to call
Mary the mother of Christ; also, one of the sect established by the
followers of Nestorius in Persia, india, and other Oriental
countries, and still in existence. opposed to Ant: Eutychian.

NESTORIAN
Nes*to"ri*an, a.

1. Of or relating to the Nestorians.

2. relating to, or resembling, Nestor, the aged warior and counselor
mentioned by Homer; hence, wise; experienced; aged; as, Nestorian
caution.

NESTORIANISM
Nes*to"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrines of the nestorian Christians, or of Nestorius.

NET
Net, n. Etym: [AS. net; akin to D. net, OS. net, netti, OHG. nezzi,
G. netz, Icel. & Dan. net, Sw. nät, Goth. nati; of uncertain origin.]

1. A fabric of twine, thread, or the like, wrought or woven into
meshes, and used for catching fish, birds, butterflies, etc.

2. Anything designed or fitted to entrap or catch; a snare; any
device for catching and holding.
A man that flattereth his neighbor spreadeth a net for his feet.
Prov. xxix. 5.
In the church's net there are fishes good or bad. Jer. Taylor.

3. Anything wrought or woven in meshes; as, a net for the hair; a
mosquito net; a tennis net.

4. (Geom.)

Defn: A figure made up of a large number of straight lines or curves,
which are connected at certain points and related to each other by
some specified law.

NET
Net, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Netted; p. pr. & vb. n. Netting.]

1. To make into a net; to make n the style of network; as, to net
silk.

2. To take in a net; to capture by stratagem or wile.
And now I am here, netted and in the toils. Sir W. Scott.

3. To inclose or cover with a net; as, to net a tree.

NET
Net, v. i.

Defn: To form network or netting; to knit.

NET
Net, a. Etym: [F. See Neat clean.]

1. Without spot; pure; shining. [Obs.]
Her breast all naked as net ivory. Spenser.

2. Free from extraneous substances; pure; unadulterated; neat; as,
net wine, etc. [R.]

3. Not including superfluous, incidental, or foreign matter, as
boxes, coverings, wraps, etc.; free from charges, deductions, etc;
as, net profit; net income; net weight, etc. [Less properly written
nett.] Net tonnage (Naut.), the tonnage of a vessel after a deduction
from the gross tonnage has been made, to allow space for crew,
machinery, etc.

NET
Net, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Netted; p. pr. & vb. n. Netting.]

Defn: To produce or gain as clear profit; as, he netted a thousand
dollars by the operation.

NE TEMERE
Ne Te"me*re. [So named from L. ne not + temere rashly, the first two
words in the decree.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A decree of the Congregation of the Council declaring invalid
[so far as the laws of the Roman Catholic Church are concerned] any
marriage of a Roman Catholic, or of a person who has ever been a
Roman Catholic, if not contracted before a duty qualified priest (or
the bishop of the diocese) and at least two witnesses. The decree was
issued Aug. 2, 1907, and took effect on Easter Apr. 19, 1908. The
decree by its terms does not affect mixed marriages (those between
Roman Catholics and persons of another faith) in Germany.

NETFISH
Net"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An astrophyton.

NETHER
Neth"er, a. Etym: [OE. nethere, neithere, AS. ni, fr. the adv. ni
downward; akin to neo below, beneath, D. neder down, G. nieder, Sw.
nedre below, nether, a. & adv., and also to Skr. ni down. sq.
root201. Cf. Beneath.]

Defn: Situated down or below; lying beneath, or in the lower part;
having a lower position; belonging to the region below; lower; under;
-- opposed to upper.
'Twixt upper, nether, and surrounding fires. Milton.
This darksome nether world her light Doth dim with horror and
deformity. Spenser.
All my nether shape thus grew transformed. Milton.

NETHERMORE
Neth"er*more`, a.

Defn: Lower, nether. [Obs.] Holland.

NETHERMOST
Neth"er*most`, a. Etym: [AS. ni(Nether, and cf. Aftermost.]

Defn: Lowest; as, the nethermost abyss. Milton.

NETHINIM
Neth"i*nim, n. pl. Etym: [Heb., pl. of nathin given, granted, a slave
of the temple, fr. nathan to give.] (jewish Antiq.)

Defn: Servants of the priests and Levites in the menial services
about the tabernacle and temple.

NETIFY
Net"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [Net, a. + -fy.]

Defn: To render neat; to clean; to put in order. [R.] Chapman.

NETSUKE
Net"su*ke, n. [Jap.]

Defn: In Japanese costume and decorative art, a small object carved
in wood, ivory, bone, or horn, or wrought in metal, and pierced with
holes for cords by which it is connected, for convenience, with the
inro, the smoking pouch (tabako-ire), and similar objects carried in
the girdle. It is now much used on purses sold in Europe and America.

NETTING
Net"ting, n. Etym: [From Net, n.]

1. The act or process of making nets or network, or of forming
meshes, as for fancywork, fishing nets, etc.

2. A piece of network; any fabric, made of cords, threads, wires, or
the like, crossing one another with open spaces between.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A network of ropes used for various purposes, as for holding
the hammocks when not in use, also for stowing sails, and for
hoisting from the gunwale to the rigging to hinder an enemy from
boarding. Totten. Netting needle, a kind of slender shuttle used in
netting. See Needle, n., 3.

NETTING
Net"ting, n.

Defn: Urine. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

NETTLE
Net"tle, n. Etym: [AS. netele; akin to D. netel, G. nessel, OHG.
nezzïla, nazza, Dan. nelde, nälde, Sw. nässla; cf, Lith. notere.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Urtica, covered with minute sharp hairs
containing a poison that produces a stinging sensation. Urtica
gracitis is common in the Northern, and U. chamædryoides in the
Southern, United States. the common European species, U. urens and U.
dioica, are also found in the Eastern united States. U. pilulifera is
the Roman nettle of England.

Note: The term nettle has been given to many plants related to, or to
some way resembling, the true nettle; as: Australian nettle, a
stinging tree or shrub of the genus Laportea (as L. gigas and L.
moroides); -- also called nettle tree.
 -- Bee nettle, Hemp nettle, a species of Galeopsis. See under Hemp.
 -- Blind nettle, Dead nettle, a harmless species of Lamium.
 -- False nettle (Bæhmeria cylindrica), a plant common in the United
States, and related to the true nettles.
 -- Hedge nettle, a species of Stachys. See under Hedge.
 -- Horse nettle (Solanum Carolinense). See under Horse.
 -- nettle tree. (a) Same as Hackberry. (b) See Australian nettle
(above).
 -- Spurge nettle, a stinging American herb of the Spurge family
(Jatropha urens).
 -- Wood nettle, a plant (Laportea Canadensis) which stings severely,
and is related to the true nettles. Nettle cloth, a kind of thick
cotton stuff, japanned, and used as a substitute for leather for
various purposes.
 -- Nettle rash (Med.), an eruptive disease resembling the effects of
whipping with nettles.
 -- Sea nettle (Zoöl.), a medusa.

NETTLE
Net"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nettled; p. pr. & vb. n. Nettling.]

Defn: To fret or sting; to irritate or vex; to cause to experience
sensations of displeasure or uneasiness not amounting to violent
anger.
The princes were so nettled at the scandal of this affront, that
every man took it to himself. L'Estrange.

NETTLEBIRD
Net"tle*bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: the European whitethroat. [Prov. Eng.]

NETTLER
Net"tler, n.

Defn: One who nettles. [R.] Milton.

NETTLES
Net"tles, n. pl. Etym: [See Knittle.] (Naut.)
(a) The halves of yarns in the unlaid end of a rope twisted for
pointing or grafting.
(b) Small lines used to sling hammocks under the deck beams.
(c) Reef points.

NETTLING
Net"tling, n. (Rope Making)
(a) A process (resembling splicing) by which two ropes are jointed
end so as to form one rope.
(b) The process of tying together the ends of yarns in pairs, to
prevent tangling.

NETTLING
Net"tling, p. pr. & a.

Defn: Stinging; irritating. Nettling cell (Zoöl.), a lasso cell. See
under Lasso.

NETTY
Net"ty, a.

Defn: Like a net, or network; netted. [R.]

NET-VEINED
Net"-veined`, a.

Defn: Having veins, or nerves, reticulated or netted; as, a net-
veined wing or leaf.

NETWORK
Net"work`, n.

1. A fabric of threads, cords, or wires crossing each other at
certain intervals, and knotted or secured at the crossings, thus
leaving spaces or meshes between them.

2. Any system of lines or channels interlacing or crossing like the
fabric of a net; as, a network of veins; a network of railroads.

NEUFCHATEL
Neuf`châ`tel", n.

Defn: A kind of soft sweet-milk cheese; -- so called from Neufchâtel-
en-Bray in France.

NEURAD
Neu"rad, adv. Etym: [Gr. ad to.] (Anat.)

Defn: Toward the neural side; -- opposed to hæmad.

NEURAL
Neu"ral, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: relating to the nerves or nervous system; taining to, situated
in the region of, or on the side with, the neural, or cerebro-spinal,
axis; -- opposed to hemal. As applied to vertebrates, neural is the
same as dorsal; as applied to invertebrates it is usually the same as
ventral. Cf. Hemal. Neural arch (Anat.), the cartilaginous or bony
arch on the dorsal side of the centrum of the vertebra in a segment
of the spinal skeleton, usually inclosing a segment of the spinal
cord.

NEURALGIA
Neu*ral"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., from gr. nerve.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease, the chief symptom of which is a very acute pain,
exacerbating or intermitting, which follows the course of a nervous
branch, extends to its ramifications, and seems therefore to be
seated in the nerve. It seems to be independent of any structural
lesion. Dunglison.

NEURALGIC
Neu*ral"gic, a.

Defn: of or pertaining to, or having the character of, neuralgia; as,
a neuralgic headache.

NEURALGY
Neu*ral"gy, n.

Defn: Neuralgia.

NEURAPOPHYSIAL
Neu*rap`o*phys"i*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: of or pertaining to a neurapophysis.

NEURAPOPHYSIS
Neu`ra*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. Neurapophyses. Etym: [NL. See Neuro-, and
Apophysis.] (Anat.)
(a) One of the two lateral processes or elements which form the
neural arch.
(b) The dorsal process of the neural arch; neural spine; spinous
process.

NEURASTHENIA
Neu*ras`the*ni"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A condition of nervous debility supposed to be dependent upon
impairment in the functions of the spinal cord.

NEURATION
Neu*ra"tion, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The arrangement or distribution of nerves, as in the leaves of
a plant or the wings of an insect; nervation.

NEURAXIS
Neu*rax"is, n. Etym: [Neuro- + axis.] (Anat.)

Defn: See Axis cylinder, under Axis.

NEURENTERIC
Neu`ren*ter"ic, a. Etym: [Neuro- + enteric.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to both the neuron and the enteron; as, the
neurenteric canal, which, in embroys of many vertebrates, connects
the medullary tube and the primitive intestine. See Illust. of
Ectoderm.

NEURIDIN
Neu"ri*din, n. Etym: [From Neurine.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: a nontoxic base, C5H14N2, found in the putrescent matters of
flesh, fish, decaying cheese, etc.

NEURILEMMA
Neu`ri*lem"ma, n. Etym: [NL., from gr. (Anat.)
(a) The delicate outer sheath of a nerve fiber; the primitive sheath.
(b) The perineurium.

NEURILITY
Neu*ril"i*ty, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: The special properties and functions of the nerves; that
capacity for transmitting a stimulus which belongs to nerves. G. H.
Lewes.

NEURINE
Neu"rine ( or ), n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous organic base (a ptomaine) formed in the
decomposition of protagon with boiling baryta water, and in the
putrefraction of proteid matter. It was for a long time considered
identical with choline, a crystalline body originally obtained from
bile. Chemically, however, choline is oxyethyl-trimethyl-ammonium
hydroxide, while neurine is vinyl-trimethyl-ammonium hydroxide.
[Written also neurin.]

NEURISM
Neu"rism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Nerve force. See Vital force, under Vital.

NEURITIS
Neu*ri"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of a nerve.

NEURO-
Neu"ro- (. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A combining denoting a nerve, of or pertaining to a nerve or
the nervous system.

NEURO-CENTRAL
Neu`ro-cen"tral, a. Etym: [Neuro- + central.] (Anat.)

Defn: Between the neural arch and the centrum of a vertebra; as, the
neurocentral suture. Huxley.

NEUROCHORD; NEUROCHORDAL
Neu"ro*chord, n., Neu`ro*chor"dal (, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Neurocord.

NEUROCITY
Neu*roc"i*ty, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: Nerve force.

NEUROCOELE; NEUROCELE
Neu"ro*coele, Neu"ro*cele, n. Etym: [Neuro- + Ge. (Anat.)

Defn: The central canal and ventricles of the spinal cord and brain;
the myelencephalic cavity.

NEUROCORD
Neu"ro*cord, n. Etym: [Neuro- + cord.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cordlike organ composed of elastic fibers situated above the
ventral nervous cord of annelids, like the earthworm.
 -- Neu`ro*cor"dal, a.

NEURO-EPIDERMAL
Neu`ro-ep`i*der"mal, a. Etym: [Neuro- + epidermal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or giving rise to, the central nervous system
and epiderms; as, the neuroepidermal, or epiblastic, layer of the
blastoderm.

NEUROGLIA
Neu*rog"li*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The delicate connective tissue framework which supports the
nervous matter and blood vessels of the brain and spinal cord.

NEUROGRAPHY
Neu*rog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Neuro- + -graphy.] (Anat.)

Defn: A description of the nerves. Dunglison.

NEUROKERATIN
Neu`ro*ker"a*tin, n. Etym: [Neuro- + keratin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A substance, resembling keratin, present in nerve tissue, as in
the sheath of the axis cylinder of medullated nerve fibers. Like
keratin it resists the action of most chemical agents, and by
decomposition with sulphuric acid yields leucin and tyrosin.

NEUROLOGICAL
Neu`ro*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to neurolgy.

NEUROLOGIST
Neu*rol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in neurology; also, one skilled in the
treatment of nervous diseases.

NEUROLOGY
Neu*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Neuro- + -logy.]

Defn: The branch of science which treats of the nervous system.

NEUROMA
Neu*ro"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Neuro-, and -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A tumor developed on, or connected with, a nerve, esp. one
consisting of new-formed nerve fibers.

NEUROMERE
Neu"ro*mere, n. Etym: [Neuro- + -mere.] (Anat.)

Defn: A metameric segment of the cerebro-spinal nervous system.

NEUROMUSCULAR
Neu`ro*mus"cu*lar, a. Etym: [Neuro- + muscular.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Nervomuscular.

NEURON
Neu"ron, n.; pl. Neura. Etym: [NL., from Gr. ney^ron nerve.] (Anat.)

Defn: The brain and spinal cord; the cerebro-spinal axis;
myelencephalon. B. G. Wilder.

NEUROPATHIC
Neu`ro*path"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to neuropathy; of the nature of, or suffering
from, nervous disease.

NEUROPATHY
Neu*rop"a*thy, n. Etym: [Neuro- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An affection of the nervous system or of a nerve.

NEUROPOD
Neu"ro*pod, n. Etym: [Neuro- + -pod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A neuropodous animal. G. Rolleston.

NEUROPODIUM
Neu`ro*po"di*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ventral lobe or branch of a parapodium.

NEUROPODOUS
Neu*rop"o*dous, a. Etym: [Neuro- + -pod + -ous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the limbs on, or directed toward, the neural side, as in
most invertebrates; -- opposed to Ant: hæmapodous. G. Rolleston.

NEUROPORE
Neu"ro*pore, n. Etym: [Neuro- + pore.] (Anat.)

Defn: An opening at either end of the embryonic neural canal.

NEUROPTER
Neu*rop"ter, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Neuroptera.

NEUROPTERA
Neu*rop"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [Nl., fr. gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of hexapod insects having two pairs of large,
membranous, net-veined wings. The mouth organs are adapted for
chewing. They feed upon other insects, and undergo a complete
metamorphosis. The ant-lion, hellgamite, and lacewing fly are
examples. Formerly, the name was given to a much more extensive
group, including the true Neuroptera and the Pseudoneuroptera.

NEUROPTERAL
Neurop"ter*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Neuroptera.

NEUROPTERAN
Neu*rop"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A neuropter.

NEUROPTERIS
Neu*rop"te*ris, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extensive genus of fossil ferns, of which species have been
found from the Devonian to the Triassic formation.

NEUROPTEROUS
Neu*rop"ter*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Neuropteral.

NEUROSENSIFEROUS
Neu`ro*sen*sif"er*ous, a. Etym: [neuro- + sensiferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or forming, both nerves and sense organs.

NEUROSIS
Neu*ro"sis, n.; pl. Neuroses. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. (Med.)

Defn: A functional nervous affection or disease, that is, a disease
of the nerves without any appreciable change of nerve structure.

NEUROSKELETAL
Neu`ro*skel"e*tal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the neuroskeleton. [R.] Owen.

NEUROSKELETON
Neu`ro*skel"e*ton, n. Etym: [Neuro- + skeleton.] (Anat.)

Defn: The deep-seated parts of the vertebrate skeleton which are
relation with the nervous axis and locomation. Owen.

NEUROSPAST
Neu"ro*spast, n. Etym: [L. neurospaston, Gr.

Defn: A puppet. [R.] Dr. H. More.

NEUROTIC
Neu*rot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to the nerves; seated in the nerves; nervous; as,
a neurotic disease.

2. Uself in disorders of, or affecting, the nerves.

NEUROTIC
Neu*rot"ic, n.

1. A disease seated in the nerves.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Any toxic agent whose action is mainly directed to the great
nerve centers.

Note: Neurotic as a class include all those poisons whose mains
action is upon the brain and spinal cord. They may be divided three
orders: (a) Cerebral neurotics, or those which affect the brain only.
(b) Spinal neurotics, or tetanics, those which affect the spinal
cord. (c) Cerebro-spinal neurotics, or those which affect both brain
and spinal cord.

NEUROTOME
Neu"ro*tome, n. Etym: [See Neurotomy.]

1. An instrument for cutting or dissecting nerves.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A neuromere.

NEUROTOMICAL
Neu`ro*tom"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to neurotomy.

NEUROTOMIST
Neu*rot"o*mist, n.

Defn: One who skilled in or practices neurotomy.

NEUROTOMY
Neu*rot"o*my, n. Etym: [Neuro- + Gr.

1. The dissection, or anatomy, of the nervous system.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The division of a nerve, for the relief of neuralgia, or for
other purposes. Dunglison.

NEURULA
Neu"ru*la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An embryo or certain invertebrates in the stage when the
primitive band is first developed.

NEUTER
Neu"ter, a. Etym: [L., fr. ne not + uter whether; akin to E. whether.
See No, and Whether, and cf. Neither.]

1. Neither the one thing nor the other; on neither side; impartial;
neutral. [Archaic]
In all our undertakings God will be either our friend or our enemy;
for Providence never stands neuter. South.

2. (Gram.)
(a) Having a form belonging more especially to words which are not
appellations of males or females; expressing or designating that
which is of neither sex; as, a neuter noun; a neuter termination; the
neuter gender.
(b) Intransitive; as, a neuter verb.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: Having no generative organs, or imperfectly developed ones;
sexless. See Neuter, n., 3.

NEUTER
Neu"ter, n.

1. A person who takes no part in a contest; one who is either
indifferent to a cause or forbears to interfere; a neutral.
The world's no neuter; it will wound or save. Young.

2. (Gram.)
(a) A noun of the neuter gender; any one of those words which have
the terminations usually found in neuter words.
(b) An intransitive verb.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: An organism, either vegetable or animal, which at its maturity
has no generative organs, or but imperfectly developed ones, as a
plant without stamens or pistils, as the garden Hydrangea; esp., one
of the imperfectly developed females of certain social insects, as of
the ant and the common honeybee, which perform the labors of the
community, and are called workers.

NEUTRAL
Neu"tral, a. Etym: [L. neutralis, fr. neuter. See Neuter.]

1. Not engaged on either side; not taking part with or assisting
either of two or more contending parties; neuter; indifferent.
The heart can not possibly remain neutral, but constantly takes part
one way or the other. Shaftesbury.

2. Neither good nor bad; of medium quality; middling; not decided or
pronounced.
Some things good, and some things ill, do seem, And neutral some, in
her fantastic eye. Sir J. Davies.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: Neuter. See Neuter, a., 3.

4. (Chem.)

Defn: Having neither acid nor basic properties; unable to turn red
litmus blue or blue litmus red; -- said of certain salts or other
compounds. Contrasted with Ant: acid, and Ant: alkaline. Neutral
axis, Neutral surface (Mech.), that line or plane, in a beam under
transverse pressure, at which the fibers are neither stretched nor
compressed, or where the longitudinal stress is zero. See Axis.
 -- Neutral equilibrium (Mech.), the kind of equilibrium of a body so
placed that when moved slighty it neither tends to return to its
former position not depart more widely from it, as a perfect sphere
or cylinder on a horizontal plane.
 -- Neutral salt (Chem.), a salt formed by the complete replacement
of the hydrogen in an acid or base; in the former case by a positive
or basic, in the latter by a negative or acid, element or radical.
 -- Neutral tint, a bluish gray pigment, used in water colors, made
by mixing indigo or other blue some warm color. the shades vary
greatly.
 -- Neutral vowel, the vowel element having an obscure and indefinite
quality, such as is commonly taken by the vowel in many unaccented
syllables. It is regarded by some as identical with the û in up, and
is called also the natural vowel, as unformed by art and effort. See
Guide to Pronunciation, § 17.

NEUTRAL
Neu"tral, n.

Defn: A person or a nation that takes no part in a contest between
others; one who is neutral.
The neutral, as far as commerce extends, becomes a party in the war.
R. G. Harper.

NEUTRALIST
Neu"tral*ist, n.

Defn: A neutral; one who professes or practices neutrality. Milman.

NEUTRALITY
Neu*tral"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. neutralité.]

1. The state or quality of being neutral; the condition of being
unengaged in contests between others; state of taking no part on
either side; indifference.
Men who possess a state of neutrality in times of public danger,
desert the interest of their fellow subjects. Addison.

2. Indifference in quality; a state neither very good nor bad. [Obs.]
Donne.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: The quality or state of being neutral. See Neutral, a., 4.

4. (International Law)

Defn: The condition of a nation or government which refrains from
taking part, directly or indirectly, in a war between other powers.

5. Those who are neutral; a combination of neutral powers or states.
Armed neutrality, the condition of a neutral power, in time of war,
which holds itself ready to resist by force any aggression of either
belligerent.

NEUTRALIZATION
Neu`tral*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. neutralisation.]

1. The act or process of neutralizing, or the state of being
neutralized.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process by which an acid and a base are combined in
such proportions that the resulting compound is neutral. See Neutral,
a., 4.

NEUTRALIZE
Neu"tral*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Neutralized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Neutralizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. neutraliser.]

1. To render neutral; to reduce to a state of neutrality.
So here I am neutralized again. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: To render inert or imperceptible the peculiar affinities of, as
a chemical substance; to destroy the effect of; as, to neutralize an
acid with a base.

3. To destroy the peculiar or opposite dispositions of; to reduce to
a state of indifference inefficience; to counteract; as, to
neutralize parties in government; to neutralize efforts, opposition,
etc.
Counter citations that neutralize each other. E. Everett.

NEUTRALIZER
Neu"tral*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, neutralizes; that which destroys,
disguises, or renders inert the peculiar properties of a body.

NEUTRALLY
Neu"tral*ly, adv.

Defn: In a neutral manner; without taking part with either side;
indifferently.

NEUTROPHILE; NEUTROPHIL
Neu"tro*phile, Neu"tro*phil, n. [L. neuter + Gr.  loving.] (Physiol.)

Defn: One of a group of leucocytes whose granules stain only with
neutral dyes. -- Neu"tro*phil"ic (#), a., Neu*troph"i*lous (#), a.

NEUVAINES
Neu`vaines", n. pl. Etym: [F. neuvaine, fr. LL. novena, fr. L. novem.
See Noon.] (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: Prayers offered up for nine successive days.

NEVADITE
Ne*va"dite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A grantitoid variety of rhyolite, common in Nevada.

NEVE
Né`vé", n. Etym: [F., fr. nix, nivis, snow.] (Geol.)

Defn: The upper part of a glacier, above the limit or perpetual snow.
See Galcier.

NEVEN
Nev"en, v. t. Etym: [Icel. nefna.

Defn: To name; to mention; to utter. [Obs.]
As oft I heard my lord them neven. Chaucer.

NEVER
Nev"er, adv. Etym: [AS. n; ne not, no + ever.]

1. Not ever; not at any time; at no time, whether past, present, or
future. Shak.
Death still draws nearer, never seeming near. Pope.

2. In no degree; not in the least; not.
Whosoever has a friend to guide him, may carry his eyes in another
man's head, and yet see never the worse. South.
And he answered him to never a word. Matt. xxvii. 14.

Note: Never is much used in composition with present participles to
form adjectives, as in never-ceasing, never-dying, never-ending,
never-fading, never-failing, etc., retaining its usual signification.
Never a deal, not a bit. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- Never so, as never before; more than at any other time, or in any
other circumstances; especially; particularly; -- now often expressed
or replaced by ever so.
Ask me never so much dower and gift. Gen. xxxiv. 12.
A fear of battery, ... though never so well grounded, is no duress.
Blackstone.

NEVERMORE
Nev"er*more`, adv.

Defn: Never again; at no time hereafter. Testament of Love. Tyndale.
Where springtime of the Hesperides Begins, but endeth nevermore.
Longfellow.

NEVERTHELATER
Nev`er*the*lat"er, adv. or conj.

Defn: Nevertheless. [Obs.]

NEVERTHELESS
Nev`er*the*less", adv. or conj. Etym: [Never + the (see The by that)
+ less.]

Defn: Not the less; notwithstanding; in spite of that; yet.
No chastening for the present seemeth to be joyous, but grievous;
nevertheless, afterward it yieldeth the peaceable fruit of
righteousness. Heb. xii. 11.

Syn.
 -- However; at least; yet; still. See However.

NEVEW
Nev"ew, n.

Defn: Nephew. [Obs.] haucer.

NEW
New, a. [Compar. Newer; superl. Newest.] Etym: [OE. OE. newe, AS.
niwe, neowe; akin to D. nieuw, OS. niwi, OHG. niuwi, G. neu, Icel. n,
Dan. & Sw. ny, Goth. niujis, Lith. naujas, Russ. novuii, Ir. nua,
nuadh, Gael. nuadh, W. newydd, Armor. nevez, L. novus, gr. nava, and
prob. to E. now. Now, and cf. Announce, Innovate, Neophyte, Novel.]

1. Having existed, or having been made, but a short time; having
originated or occured lately; having recently come into existence, or
into one's possession; not early or long in being; of late origin;
recent; fresh; modern; -- opposed to old, as, a new coat; a new
house; a new book; a new fashion. "Your new wife." Chaucer.

2. Not before seen or known, although existing before; lately
manifested; recently discovered; as, a new metal; a new planet; new
scenes.

3. Newly beginning or recurring; starting anew; now commencing;
different from has been; as, a new year; a new course or direction.

4. As if lately begun or made; having the state or quality of
original freshness; also, changed for the better; renovated; unworn;
untried; unspent; as, rest and travel made him a new man.
Steadfasty purposing to lead a new life. Bk. of Com. Prayer.
Men after long emaciating diets, fat, and almost new. Bacon.

5. Not of ancient extraction, or of a family of ancient descent; not
previously kniwn or famous. Addison.

6. Not habituated; not familiar; unaccustomed.
New to the plow, unpracticed in the trace. Pope.

7. Fresh from anything; newly come.
New from her sickness to that northern air. Dryden.
New birth. See under Birth.
 -- New Church, or New Jerusalem Church, the church holding the
doctrines taught by Emanuel Swedenborg. See Swedenborgian.
 -- New heart (Theol.), a heart or character changed by the power of
God, so as to be governed by new and holy motives.
 -- New land, land ckeared and cultivated for the first time.
 -- New light. (Zoöl.) See Crappie.
 -- New moon. (a) The moon in its first quarter, or when it first
appears after being invisible. (b) The day when the new moon is first
seen; the first day of the lunar month, which was a holy day among
the Jews. 2 Kings iv. 23.
 -- New Red Sandstone (Geol.), an old name for the formation
immediately above the coal measures or strata, now divided into the
Permian and Trias. See Sandstone.
 -- New style. See Style.
 -- New testament. See under Testament.
 -- New world, the land of the Western Hemisphere; -- so called
because not known to the inhabitants of the Eastern Hemisphere until
recent times.

Syn.
 -- Novel; recent; fresh; modern. See Novel.

NEW
New, adv.

Defn: Newly; recently. Chaucer.

Note: New is much used in composition, adverbially, in the sense of
newly, recently, to quality other words, as in new-born, new-formed,
new-found, new-mown. Of new, anew. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NEW
New, v. t. & i.

Defn: To make new; to renew. [Obs.]

NEWBORN
New"born`, a.

Defn: Recently born. Shak.

NEWCOME
New"come`, a.

Defn: Recently come.

NEWCOMER
New"com`er, n.

Defn: One who has lately come.

NEWEL
New"el, n. Etym: [From New. Cf. Novel.]

Defn: A novelty; a new thing. [Obs.] Spenser.

NEWEL
New"el, n. Etym: [OF. nual, F. noyau sone, of fruit, noyau d'escaler
newel, fr. L. nucalis like a nut, fr. nux, nucis, nut. Cf Nowel the
inner wall of a mold, Nucleus..] (Arch.)

Defn: The upright post about which the steps of a circular staircase
wind; hence, in stairs having straight flights, the principal post at
the foot of a staircase, or the secondary ones at the landings. See
Hollow newel, under Hollow.

NEWFANGLE
New"fan`gle, a. Etym: [New + fangle.]

Defn: Eager for novelties; desirous of changing. [Obs.]
So newfangel be they of their meat. Chaucer.

NEWFANGLE
New"fan`gle, v. t.

Defn: To change by introducing novelties. [Obs.]

NEWFANGLED
New"fan`gled, a.

1. Newmade; formed with the affectation of novelty. "A newfangled
nomenclature." Sir W. Hamilton.

2. Disposed to change; inclined to novelties; given to new theories
or fashions. "Newfangled teachers." 1 Tim. vi. (heading). "Newfangled
men." Latimer.

NEWFANGLEDNESS
New"fan`gled*ness, n.

Defn: Affectation of, or fondness for, novelty; vain or affected
fashion or form.

NEWFANGLENESS
New"fan`gle*ness, n. Etym: [OE. newefanglenes. See Fangle.]

Defn: Newfangledness. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Proud newfangleness in their apparel. Robynson (More's Utopia).

NEWFANGLIST
New"fan`glist, n.

Defn: One who is eager for novelties or desirous of change. [Obs.]
Tooker.

NEWFANGLY
New"fan`gly, adv.

Defn: In a newfangled manner; with eagerness for novelty. [Obs.] Sir
T. More.

NEWFASHIONED
New`fash"ioned, a.

Defn: Made in a new form, or lately come into fashion.

NEWFOUNDLAND
New"found*land` (, often , n.

1. An island on the coast of British North America, famed for the
fishing grounds in its vicinity.

2. A Newfoundland dog. Tennyson. Newfoundland dog (Zoöl.), a breed of
large dogs, with shaggy hair, which originated in Newfoundland, noted
for intelligence, docility, and swimming powers.

NEWING
New"ing, n. Etym: [From New, v. t.]

Defn: Yeast; barm. [prov. Eng.]

NEWISH
New"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat new; nearly new. Bacon.

NEWLY
New"ly, adv.

1. Lately; recently.
He rubbed it o'er with newly gathered mint. Dryden.

2. Anew; afresh; freshly.
And the refined mind doth newly fashion Into a fairer form. Spenser.

NEWMARKET
New"mar`ket, n. Etym: [From Newmarket, England.]

Defn: A long, closely fitting cloak.

NEW-MODEL
New`-mod"el, v. t.

Defn: To remodel.

NEWNESS
New"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being new; as, the newness of a system;
the newness of a scene; newness of life.

NEWS
News, n Etym: [From New; cf. F. nounelles. News

1. A report of recent occurences; information of something that has
lately taken place, or of something before unknown; fresh tindings;
recent intelligence.
Evil news rides post, while good news baits. Milton.

2. Something strange or newly happened.
It is no news for the weak and poor to be a prey to the strong and
rich. L'Estrange.

3. A bearer of news; a courier; a newspaper. [Obs.]
There cometh a news thither with his horse. Pepys.

NEWS-BOOK
News"-book`, n.

Defn: A newspaper. [Obs.]

NEWSBOY
news"boy`, n.

Defn: A boy who distributes or sells newspaper.

NEWS-LETTER
News"-let`ter, n.

Defn: A circular letter, written or printed for the purpose of
disseminating news. This was the name given to the earliest English
newspapers.

NEWSMAN
News"man, n.; pl. Newsmen (.

1. One who brings news. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. A man who distributes or sells newspapers.

NEWSMONGER
News"mon`ger, n.

Defn: One who deals in news; one who is active in hearing and telling
news.

NEWSPAPER
News"pa`per, n.

Defn: A sheet of paper printed and distributed, at stated intervals,
for conveying intelligence of passing events, advocating opinions,
etc.; a public print that circulates news, advertisements,
proceedings of legislative bodies, public announcements, etc.

NEWSROOM
News"room`, n.

Defn: A room where news is collected and disseminated, or periodicals
sold; a reading room supplied with newspapers, magazines, etc.

NEWS-VNDER
News"-vnd`er, n.

Defn: A seller of newspapers.

NEWS-WRITER
News"-writ`er, n.

Defn: One who gathered news for, and wrote, news-letters. Macaulay.

NEWSY
News"y, a.

Defn: Full of news; abounding in information as to current events.
[Colloq.]

NEWT
Newt, n. Etym: [OE. ewt, evete, AS. efete, with n prefixed, an ewt
being understood as a newt. Cf. Eft.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small aquatic salamanders. The
common British species are the crested newt (Triton cristatus) and
the smooth newt (Lophinus punctatus). In America, Diemictylus
viridescens is one of the most abundant species.

NEW THOUGHT
New Thought.

Defn: Any form of belief in mental healing other than (1) Christian
Science and (2) hypnotism or psychotherapy. Its central principle is
affirmative thought, or suggestion, employed with the conviction that
man produces changes in his health, his finances, and his life by the
adoption of a favorable mental attitude. AS a therapeutic doctrine it
stands for silent and absent mental treatment, and the theory that
all diseases are mental in origin. As a cult it has its unifying idea
the inculcation of workable optimism in contrast with the "old
thought" of sin, evil, predestination, and pessimistic resignation.
The term is essentially synonymous with the term High Thought, used
in England.

NEWTONIAN
New*to"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Sir Isaac Newton, or his discoveries.
Newtonian philosophy, the philosophy of Sir Isaac Newton; -- applied
to the doctrine of the universe as expounded in Newton's "Principia,"
to the modern or experimental philosophy (as opposed to the theories
of Descartes and others), and, most frequently, to the mathematical
theory of universal gravitation.
 -- Newtonian telescope (Astron.), a reflecting telescope, in which
rays from the large speculum are received by a plane mirror placed
diagonally in the axis, and near the open end of the tube, and thrown
at right angles toward one side of the tube, where the image is
formed and viewed through the eyeplace.
 -- Newtonian theory of light. See Note under Light.

NEWTONIAN
New*to"ni*an, n.

Defn: A follower of Newton.

NEW-YEAR
New"-year`, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or suitable for, the commencement of the
year; as, New-year gifts or odes.

NEW YEAR'S DAY
New" Year's` Day".

Defn: the first day of a calendar year; the first day of January.
Often colloquially abbreviated to New year's or new year.

NEW ZEALAND
New` Zea"land.

Defn: A group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean. New Zealand
flax. (a) (Bot.) A tall, liliaceous herb (Phormium tenax), having
very long, sword-shaped, distichous leaves which furnish a fine,
strong fiber very valuable for cordage and the like. (b) The fiber
itself.
 -- New Zealand tea (Bot.), a myrtaceous shrub (Leptospermum
scoparium) of New Zealand and Australia, the leaves of which are used
as a substitute for tea.

NEXIBLE
Nex"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. nexibilis, from nectere, nexum, to bind.]

Defn: That may be knit together. [R.]

NEXT
Next, a., superl. of Nigh. Etym: [AS. n, niéhst, n, superl. of neáh
nigh. See Nigh.]

1. Nearest in place; having no similar object intervening. Chaucer.
Her princely guest Was next her side; in order sat the rest. Dryden.
Fear followed me so hard, that I fled the next way. Bunyan.

2. Nearest in time; as, the next day or hour.

3. Adjoining in a series; immediately preceding or following in
order.
None could tell whose turn should be the next. Gay.

4. Nearest in degree, quality, rank, right, or relation; as, the next
heir was an infant.
The man is near of kin unto us, one of our next kinsmen. Ruth ii. 20.

Note: Next is usually followed by to before an object, but to is
sometimes omitted. In such cases next in considered by many
grammarians as a preposition. Next friend (Law), one who represents
an infant, a married woman, or any person who can not appear sui
juris, in a suit at law.

NEXT
Next, adv.

Defn: In the time, place, or order nearest or immediately suceeding;
as, this man follows next.

NEXUS
Nex"us, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Connection; tie.
Man is doubtless one by some subtile nexus ... extending from the
new-born infant to the superannuated dotard. De Quincey.

NEZ PERCES
Nez" Per`cés", pl.; sing. Nez PercÉ (. Etym: [F., pierced noses.]
(Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians, mostly inhabiting Idaho.

NGINA
Ngi"na, n. Etym: [Native name.]

Defn: The gorilla.

NIAGARA PERIOD
Ni*ag"a*ra pe"ri*od. (Geol.)

Defn: A subdivision or the American Upper Silurian system, embracing
the Medina, Clinton, and Niagara epoch. The rocks of the Niagara
epoch, mostly limestones, are extensively distributed, and at Niagara
Falls consist of about eighty feet of shale supporting a greater
thickness of limestone, which is gradually undermined by the removal
of the shale. See Chart of Geology.

NIAS
Ni"as, n. Etym: [F. niais. See Eyas.]

Defn: A young hawk; an eyas; hence, an unsophisticated person. [Obs.]

NIB
Nib, n. Etym: [A variabt of neb.]

1. A small and pointed thing or part; a point; a prong. "The little
nib or fructifying principle." Sir T. Browne.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bill or beak of a bird; the neb.

3. The points of a pen; also, the pointed part of a pen; a short pen
adapted for insertion in a holder.

4. One of the handles which project from a scythe snath; also, [Prov.
Eng.], the shaft of a wagon.

NIB
Nib, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nebbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Nibbing.]

Defn: To furnish with a nib; to point; to mend the point of; as, to
nib a pen.

NIBBED
Nibbed, a.

Defn: Having a nib or point.

NIBBLE
Nib"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nibbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Nibbling.]
Etym: [Cf. Nip.]

Defn: To bite by little at a time; to seize gently with the mouth; to
eat slowly or in small bits.
Thy turfy mountains, where live nibbling sheep. Shak.

NIBBLE
Nib"ble, v. t.

Defn: To bite upon something gently or cautiously; to eat a little of
a thing, as by taking small bits cautiously; as, fishes nibble at the
bait.
Instead of returning a full answer to my book, he manifestly falls a-
nibbling at one single passage. Tillotson.

NIBBLE
Nib"ble, n.

Defn: A small or cautious bite.

NIBBLER
Nib"bler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, nibbles.

NIBBLINGLY
Nib"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a nibbling manner; cautiously.

NIBELUNGENLIED
Ni"be*lung`en*lied`, n. [G. See Nibelungs; Lied.]

Defn: A great medieval German epic of unknown authorship containing
traditions which refer to the Burgundians at the time of Attila
(called Etzel in the poem) and mythological elements pointing to
heathen times.

NIBELUNGS
Ni"be*lungs, n. pl.; sing. Nibelung .

Defn: In German mythology, the children of the mist, a race of dwarfs
or demonic beings, the original possessors of the famous hoard and
ring won by Siegfrid; also, the Burgundian kings in the
Nibelungenlied.

NIBLICK
Nib"lick, n.

Defn: A kind of golf stick used to lift the ball out of holes, ruts,
etc.

NICAGUA
Ni*ca"gua, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The laughing falcon. See under laughing.

NICARAGUA WOOD
Nic`a*ra"gua wood`.

Defn: Brazil wood.

NICCOLITE
Nic"co*lite, n. Etym: [from NL. niccolum nickel.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a copper-red color and metallic luster; an
arsenide of nickel; -- called also coppernickel, kupfernickel.

NICE
Nice, a. [Compar. Nicer; superl. Nicest.] Etym: [OE., foolish, fr.
OF. nice ignorant, fool, fr. L. nescius ignorant; ne not + scius
knowing, scire to know. perhaps influenced by E. nesh delicate, soft.
See No, and Science.]

1. Foolish; silly; simple; ignorant; also, weak; effeminate. [Obs.]
Gower.
But say that we ben wise and nothing nice. Chaucer.

2. Of trifling moment; nimportant; trivial. [Obs.]
The letter was not nice, but full of charge Of dear import. Shak.

3. Overscrupulous or exacting; hard to please or satisfy; fastidious
in small matters.
Curious not knowing, not exact but nice. Pope.
And to taste Think not I shall be nice. Milton.

4. Delicate; refined; dainty; pure.
Dear love, continue nice and chaste. Donne.
A nice and subtile happiness. Milton.

5. Apprehending slight diffferences or delicate distinctions;
distinguishing accurately or minutely; carefully discriminating; as,
a nice taste or judgment. "Our author happy in a judge so nice."
Pope. "Nice verbal criticism." Coleridge.

6. Done or made with careful labor; suited to excite admiration on
account of exactness; evidencing great skill; exact; fine; finished;
as, nice proportions, nice workmanship, a nice application; exactly
or fastidiously discriminated; requiring close discrimination; as, a
nice point of law, a nice distinction in philosophy.
The difference is too nice Where ends the virtue, or begins the vice.
Pope.

7. Pleasing; agreeable; gratifying; delightful; good; as, a nice
party; a nice excursion; a nice person; a nice day; a nice sauce,
etc. [Loosely & Colloquially] To make nice of, to be scrupulous
about. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- Dainty; delicate; exquisite; fine; accurate; exact; correct;
precise; particular; scrupulous; punctilious; fastidious; squeamish;
finical; effeminate; silly.

NICELY
Nice"ly adv.

Defn: In a nice manner.

NICENE
Ni"cene, a. Etym: [L. Nicaenus, fr. Nicaea Nice, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Nice, a town of Asia Minor, or to the
ecumenial council held there A. D. 325. Nicene Creed (, a summary of
Christian faith, composed and adopted by the Council of Nice, against
Arianism, A. D. 325, altered and confirmed by the Council of
Constantinople, A. D. 381, and by subsequent councils.

NICENESS
Nice"ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being nice.

NICERY
Ni"cer*y, n.

Defn: Nicety. [Colloq.] Chapman.

NICETY
Ni"ce*ty, n.; pl. Niceties. Etym: [OE. niceté foolishness.]

1. The quality or state of being nice (in any of the senses of that
word.).
The miller smiled of her nicety. Chaucer.

2. Delicacy or exactness of perception; minuteness of observation or
of discrimination; precision.

3. A delicate expression, act, mode of treatment, distinction, or the
like; a minute distinction.
The fineness and niceties of words. Locke.
To a nicety, with great exactness or accuracy.

NICHE
Niche, n. Etym: [F., fr. It. nicchia, prop., a shell-like recess in a
wall, fr. nicchio a shellfish, mussel, fr. L. mytilus.]

Defn: A cavity, hollow, or recess, generally within the thickness of
a wall, for a statue, bust, or other erect ornament. hence, any
similar position, literal or figurative.
Images defended from the injuries of the weather by niches of stone
wherein they are placed. Evelun.

NICHED
Niched. (, a.

Defn: Placed in a niche. "Those niched shapes of noble mold."
Tennyson.

NICK
Nick (, n. Etym: [AS. nicor a marine monster; akin to D. nikker a
water spite, Icel. nykr, ONG. nihhus a crocodile, G. nix a water
sprite; cf. Gr. nij. Cf. Nix.] (Northern Myth.)

Defn: An evil spirit of the waters. Old Nick, the evil one; the
devil. [Colloq.]

NICK
Nick, n. Etym: [Akin to Nock.]

1. A notch cut into something; as:
(a) A score for keeping an account; a reckoning. [Obs.]
(b) (Print.) A notch cut crosswise in the shank of a type, to assist
a compositor in placing it properly in the stick, and in
distribution. W. Savage.
(c) A broken or indented place in any edge or surface; nicks in
china.

2. A particular point or place considered as marked by a nick; the
exact point or critical moment.
To cut it off in the very nick. Howell.
This nick of time is the critical occasion for the gainger of a
point. L'Estrange.

NICK
Nick, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nicked; p. pr. & vb. n. Nicking.]

1. To make a nick or nicks in; to notch; to keep count of or upon by
nicks; as, to nick a stick, tally, etc.

2. To mar; to deface; to make ragged, as by cutting nicks or notches
in.
And thence proceed to nicking sashes. Prior.
The itch of his affection should not then Have nicked his
captainship. Shak.

3. To suit or fit into, as by a correspondence of nicks; to tally
with.
Words nicking and resembling one another are applicable to different
significations. Camden.

4. To hit at, or in, the nick; to touch rightly; to strike at the
precise point or time.
The just season of doing things must be nicked, and all accidents
improved. L'Estrange.

5. To make a cross cut or cuts on the under side of (the tail of a
horse, in order to make him carry ir higher).

NICK
Nick, v. t.

Defn: To nickname; to style. [Obs.]
For Warbeck, as you nick him, came to me. Ford.

NICKAR NUT; NICKAR TREE
Nick"ar nut`, Nick"ar tree`. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Nicker nut, Nicker tree.

NICKEL
Nick"el, n. Etym: [G., fr. Sw. nickel, abbrev. from Sw. kopparnickel
copper-nickel, a name given in derision, as it was thought to be a
base ore of copper. The origin of the second part of the word is
uncertain. Cf. Kupfer-nickel, Copper-nickel.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A bright silver-white metallic element. It is of the iron
group, and is hard, malleable, and ductile. It occurs combined with
sulphur in millerite, with arsenic in the mineral niccolite, and with
arsenic and sulphur in nickel glance. Symbol Ni. Atomic weight 58.6.

Note: On account of its permanence in air and inertness to oxidation,
it is used in the smaller coins, for plating iron, brass, etc., for
chemical apparatus, and in certain alloys, as german silver. It is
magnetic, and is very frequently accompanied by cobalt, both being
found in meteoric iron.

2. A small coin made of or containing nickel; esp., a five-cent
piece. [Colloq. U.S.] Nickel silver, an alloy of nickel, copper, and
zinc; -- usually called german silver; called also argentan.

NICKELIC
Nick*el"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, nickel; specifically, designating
compounds in which, as contrasted with the nickelous compounds, the
metal has a higher valence; as nickelic oxide.

NICKELIFEROUS
Nick`el*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Nickel + -ferous.]

Defn: Containing nickel; as, nickelferous iron.

NICKELINE
Nick"el*ine ( or ), n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: An alloy of nickel, a variety of German silver.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Niccolite.

NICKELODEON
Nick`el*o"de*on, n.  [Nickel + odeon.]

Defn: A place of entertainment, as for moving picture exhibition,
charging a fee or admission price of five cents. [U. S.]

NICKELOUS
Nick"el*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, those compounds of nickel in
which, as contrasted with the nickelic compounds, the metal has a
lower valence; as, nickelous oxide. Frankland.

NICKEL STEEL
Nickel steel.

Defn: A kind of cast steel containing nickel, which greatly increases
its strength. It is used for armor plate, bicycle tubing, propeller
shafts, etc.

NICKER
Nick"er, n. Etym: [From Nick, v.t.]

1. One of the night brawlers of London formerly noted for breaking
windows with half-pence. [Cant] Arbuthnot.

2. The cutting lip which projects downward at the edge of a boring
bit and cuts a circular groove in the wood to limit the size of the
hole that is bored.

NICKER NUT
Nick"er nut`.

Defn: A rounded seed, rather smaller than a nutmeg, having a hard
smooth shell, and a yellowish or bluish color. The seeds grow in the
prickly pods of tropical, woody climbers of the genus Cæsalpinia. C.
Bonduc has yellowish seeds; C.Bonducella, bluish gray. [Spelt also
neckar nut, nickar nut.]

NICKER TREE
Nick"er tree`. (Bot.)

Defn: The plant producing nicker nuts. [Written also neckar tree and
nickar tree.]

NICKING
Nick"ing, n. Etym: [From Nick, v. t.] (Coal Mining)
(a) The cutting made by the hewer at the side of the face. (b) pl.

Defn: Small coal produced in making the nicking.

NICKLE
Nic"kle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European woodpecker, or yaffle; -- called also nicker
pecker.

NICKNACK
Nick"nack`, n.

Defn: See Knickknack.

NICKNACKERY
Nick"nack`er*y, n.

Defn: See Knickknackery.

NICKNAME
Nick"name`, n. Etym: [OE. ekename surname, hence, a nickname, an
ekename being understood as a nekename, influenced also by E. nick,
v. See Eke, and Name.]

Defn: A name given in contempt, derision, or sportive familiarity; a
familiar or an opprobrious appellation.

NICKNAME
Nick"name`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nicknamed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Nicknaming.]

Defn: To give a nickname to; to call by a nickname.
You nickname virtue; vice you should have spoke. Shak.
I altogether disclaim what has been nicknamed the doctrine of
finality. Macaulay.

NICOLAITAN
Ni`co*la"i*tan, n. Etym: [So called from Nicolas of Antioch,
mentioned in Acts vi. 5.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of certain corrupt persons in the early church at Ephesus,
who are censured in rev. ii. 6, 15.

NICOTIAN
Ni*co"tian, n. Etym: [F. nicotiane; -- so called from Nicot, who
introduced it into France, a.d. 15

Defn: Tobacco. [R.] B. Jonson.

NICOTIAN
Ni*co"tian, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, tobacco. [R.] Bp. Hall.

NICOTIANA
Ni*co"ti*an*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Nicotian.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of American and Asiatic solanaceous herbs, with viscid
foliage and funnel-shaped blossoms. Several species yield tobacco.
See Tobacco.

NICOTIANINE
Ni*co"ti*a*nine ( or ), n. Etym: [F. nicotianine. See Nicotian.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A white waxy substance having a hot, bitter taste, extracted
from tobacco leaves and called also tobacco camphor.

NICOTIC
Ni*cot"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Nicotinic.

NICOTIDINE
Ni*cot"i*dine ( or ), n. Etym: [Nicotine + pyridine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A complex, oily, nitrogenous base, isomeric with nicotine, and
obtained by the reduction of certain derivatives of the pyridine
group.

NICOTINE
Nic"o*tine ( or ), n. Etym: [F. nicotine. See Nicotian.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid which is the active principle of tobacco. It is a
colorless, transparent, oily liquid, having an acrid odor, and an
acrid burning taste. It is intensely poisonous. Ure.

NICOTINIC
Nic`o*tin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, nicotine; nicotic; -- used
specifically to designate an acid related to pyridine, obtained by
the oxidation of nicotine, and called nicotinic acid.

NICOTINISM
Nic"o*tin*ism, n.  [Nicotine + -ism.] (Med.)

Defn: The morbid condition produced by the excessive use of tobacco.

NICTATE
Nic"tate, v. i. Etym: [L. nictare, nictatum, from nicere to beckon.]

Defn: To wink; to nictitate.

NICTATION
Nic*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. nictatio nictation.]

Defn: the act of winking; nictitation.

NICTITATE
Nic"ti*tate, v. i. Etym: [See Nictate.]

Defn: To wink; to nictate. Nictitating membrance (Anat.), a thin
membrance, found in many animals at the inner angle, or beneath the
lower lid, of the eye, and capable of being drawn across the eyeball;
the third eyelid; the haw.

NICTITATION
Nic`ti*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of winking.

NIDAMENTAL
Nid`a*men"tal, a. Etym: [L. nidamentum materials for a nest, fr.
nidus nest. See Nest.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: of, pertaining to, or baring, eggs or egg capsules; as, the
nidament capsules of certain gastropods; nidamental glands. See
Illust. of Dibranchiata.

NIDARY
Ni"da*ry, n. Etym: [L. nidus a nest.]

Defn: A collection of nests. [R.] velyn.

NIDE
Nide, n. Etym: [L. nidus a nest: cf. F. nid.]

Defn: A nestful; a brood; as, a nide of pheasants. [Obs.]

NIDERING
Ni"der*ing, a. Etym: [See Niding.]

Defn: Infamous; dastardly. [Obs.] Sir W. Scott.

NIDGERY
Nidg"er*y, n. Etym: [See Nidget.]

Defn: A trifle; a piece of foolery. [Obs.] Skinner.

NIDGET
Nidg"et, n. [Written also nigget, nigeot.] Etym: [Cf. F. nigaud a
boody, fool, OF. niger to play the fool.]

Defn: A fool; an idiot, a coward. [Obs.] Camden.

NIDIFICATE
Nid"i*fi*cate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nidificated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Nidificating.] Etym: [L. nidificare, nidificatum; nidus nest + -
ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy, and cf. nest.]

Defn: To make a nest.
Where are the fishes which nidificated in trees Lowell.

NIDIFICATION
Nid`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. nidification.]

Defn: The act or process of building a nest.

NIDING
Ni"ding (ni"dîng), n. [Written also nithing.] Etym: [AS. niedhing,
fr. niedh wickness, malice, hatred.]

Defn: A coward; a dastard; -- a term of utmost opprobrium. [Obs.]
He is worthy to be called a niding. Howell.

NIDOR
Ni"dor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Scent or savor of meat or food, cooked or cooking. [Obs.] Jer.
Taylor.

NIDOROSE
Ni"dor*ose`, a.

Defn: Nidorous. [R.] Arbuthnot.

NIDOROUS
Ni"dor*ous, a. Etym: [L. nidorosus steaming, reeking: cf. F.
nidoreux. See Nidor.]

Defn: Resembling the smell or taste of roast meat, or of corrupt
animal matter. [R.]

NIDULANT
Nid"u*lant, a. Etym: [L. nidulans, p.pr.: cf. F. Nidulant.]

1. Nestling, as a bird in itss nest.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Lying loose in pulp or cotton within a berry or pericarp, as in
a nest.

NIDULATE
Nid"u*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nidulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Nidulating.] Etym: [L. nidulari, fr. nidulus, dim. of nidus a nest.]

Defn: To make a nest, as a bird. [R.] Cockeram.

NIDULATION
Nid`u*la"tion, n.

Defn: The time of remaining in the nest. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

NIDULITE
Nid"u*lite, n. Etym: [L. nidulus a little nest.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A Silurian fossil, formerly supposed to consist of eggs.

NIDUS
Ni"dus, n.; pl. nidi. Etym: [L. See Nidi, Nest.]

Defn: A nest: a repository for the eggs of birds, insects, etc.; a
breeding place; esp., the place or substance where parasites or the
germs of a disease effect lodgment or are developed.

NIECE
Niece, n. Etym: [OE. nece, F. nièce, LL. neptia, for L. neptis a
granddaughter, niece, akin to nepos. See Nephew.]

1. A relative, in general; especially, a descendant, whether male or
female; a granddaughter or a grandson. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Wyclif.
Shak.

2. A daughter of one's brother or sister, or of one's brother-in-law
or sister-in-law.

NIEF
Nief, n.

Defn: See Neif, the fist.

NIELLIST
Ni*el"list, n.

Defn: One who practices the style of ornamentation called niello.

NIELLO
Ni*el"lo, n. Etym: [It. niello, LL. nigellum a black of blackish
enamel, fr. L. nigellus, dim. of niger black. See Negro, and cf.
Anneal.]

1. A metallic alloy of a deep black color.

2. The art, process, or method of decorating metal with incised
designs filled with the black alloy.

3. A piece of metal, or any other object, so decorated.

4. An impression on paper taken from an ancient incised decoration or
metal plate.

NIEPCE'S PROCESS
Niep"ce's proc"ess. (Photog.)

Defn: A process, now no longer used, invented by J. N. Niepce, a
French chemist, in 1829. It depends upon the action of light in
rendering a thin layer of bitumen, with which the plate is coated,
insoluble.

NIFLE
Ni"fle, n. Etym: [OF.]

Defn: A trifle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NIGGARD
Nig"gard, n. Etym: [Icel. hnöggr niggardly, stingy + -ard; cf. Sw.
njugg, AS. hneáw.]

Defn: A person meanly close and covetous; one who spends grudgingly;
a stingy, parsimonous fellow; a miser. Chaucer.
A penurious niggard of his wealth. Milton.
Be niggards of advice on no pretense. Pope.

NIGGARD
Nig"gard, a.

Defn: Like a niggard; meanly covetous or parsimonious; niggardly;
miserly; stingy.

NIGGARD
Nig"gard, v. t. & i.

Defn: To act the niggard toward; to be niggardly. [R.] Shak.

NIGGARDISE
Nig"gard*ise, n.

Defn: Niggardliness. [Obs.] Spenser.

NIGGARDISH
Nig"gard*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat niggard.

NIGGARDLINESS
Nig"gard*li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being niggard; meanness in giving or
spending; parsimony; stinginess.
Niggardliness is not good husbandry. Addison.

NIGGARDLY
Nig"gard*ly, a.

Defn: Meanly covetous or avarcious in dealing with others; stingy;
niggard.
Where the owner of the house will be bountiful, it is not for the
steward to be niggardly. Bp. Hall.

Syn.
 -- Avarcious; covetous; parsimonious; sparing; miserly; penurios;
sordid; stingy. See Avaricious.

NIGGARDLY
Nig"gard*ly, adv.

Defn: In a niggard manner.

NIGGARDNESS
Nig"gard*ness, n.

Defn: Niggardliness. Sir P. Sidney.

NIGGARDOUS
Nig"gard*ous, a.

Defn: Niggardly. [Obs.]
Covetous gathering and niggardous keeping. Sir T. More.

NIGGARDSHIP
Nig"gard*ship, n.

Defn: Niggardliness. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

NIGGARDY
Nig"gard*y, n.

Defn: Niggardliness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NIGGED
nigged, n. Etym: [Prov. E. nig to clip money.] (Masonry)

Defn: Hammer-dressed; -- said of building stone.

NIGGER
Nig"ger, n.

Defn: A negro; -- in vulgar derision or depreciation.

NIGGERHEAD
Nig"ger*head`, n.

Defn: A strong black chewing tobacco, usually in twisted plug form;
negro head.

NIGGISH
Nig"gish, a. Etym: [See Niggard.]

Defn: Niggardly. [Obs.]

NIGGLE
Nig"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Niggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Niggling.]
Etym: [Dim. of Prov. E. nig to clip money; cf. also Prov. E. nig a
small piece.]

Defn: To trifle with; to deceive; to mock. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

NIGGLE
Nig"gle, v. t.

1. To trifle or play.
Take heed, daughter, You niggle not with your conscience and
religion. Massinger.

2. To act or walk mincingly. [Prov. Eng.]

3. To fret and snarl about trifles. [Prov. Eng.]

NIGGLER
Nig"gler, n.

Defn: One who niggles.

NIGGLING
Nig"gling, n.

Defn: Finicky or pottering work; specif. (Fine Arts),

Defn: minute and very careful workmanship in drawing, painting, or
the like, esp. when bestowed on unimportant detail.

NIGH
Nigh, a. [Compar. Nigher; superl. Nighest, or Next (.] Etym: [OE.
nigh, neigh, neih, AS. neáh, n; akin to D. na, adv., OS. nah, a.,
OHG. nah, G. nah, a., nach to, after, Icel. na (in comp.) nigh, Goth.
n, n, adv., nigh. Cf. Near, Neighbor, Next.]

1. Not distant or remote in place or time; near.
The loud tumult shows the battle nigh. Prior.

2. Not remote in degree, kindred, circumstances, etc.; closely
allied; intimate. "Nigh kinsmen." Knolles.
Ye ... are made nigh by the blood of Christ. Eph. ii. 13.

Syn.
 -- Near; close; adjacent; contiguous; present; neighboring.

NIGH
Nigh, adv. Etym: [AS. neáh, n. See Nigh, a.]

1. In a situation near in place or time, or in the course of events;
near.
He was sick, nigh unto death. Phil. ii. 27.
He drew not nigh unheard; the angel bright, Ere he drew nigh, his
radiant visage turned. Milton.

2. Almost; nearly; as, he was nigh dead.

NIGH
Nigh, v. t. & i.

Defn: To draw nigh (to); to approach; to come near. [Obs.] Wyclif
(Matt. iii. 2).

NIGH
Nigh, prep.

Defn: Near to; not remote or distant from. "was not this nigh shore"
Shak.

NIGHLY
Nigh"ly, adv.

Defn: In a near relation in place, time, degree, etc.; within a
little; almost. [Obs.]
A cube and a sphere ... nighly of the same bigness. Locke.

NIGHNESS
Nigh"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being nigh. [R.] "Nighness of blood."
Holished.

NIGHT
Night, n. Etym: [OE. night, niht, AS. neaht, niht; akin to D. nacht,
OS. & OHG. naht, G. nacht, Icel. n, Sw. natt, Dan. nat, Goth. nachts,
Lith. naktis, Russ. noche, W. nos, Ir. nochd, L. nox, noctis, gr.
nakta, nakti. sq. root 265. Cf. Equinox, Nocturnal.]

1. That part of the natural day when the sun is beneath the horizon,
or the time from sunset to sunrise; esp., the time between dusk and
dawn, when there is no light of the sun, but only moonlight,
starlight, or artificial light.
And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. Gen.
i. 5.

2. Hence:
(a) Darkness; obscurity; concealment.
Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night. Pope.

(b) Intellectual and moral darkness; ignorance.
(c) A state of affliction; adversity; as, a dreary night of sorrow.
(d) The period after the close of life; death.
She closed her eyes in everlasting night. Dryden.

(e) A lifeless or unenlivened period, as when nature seems to sleep.
"Sad winter's night". Spenser.

Note: Night is sometimes used, esp. with participles, in the
formation of self-explaining compounds; as, night-blooming, night-
born, night-warbling, etc. Night by night, Night after night,
nightly; many nights.
So help me God, as I have watched the night, Ay, night by night, in
studying good for England. Shak.
-- Night bird. (Zoöl.) (a) The moor hen (Gallinula chloropus). (b)
The Manx shearwater (Puffinus Anglorum).
 -- Night blindness. (Med.) See Hemeralopia.
 -- Night cart, a cart used to remove the contents of privies by
night.
 -- Night churr, (Zoöl.), the nightjar.
 -- Night crow, a bird that cries in the night.
 -- Night dog, a dog that hunts in the night, -- used by poachers.
 -- Night fire. (a) Fire burning in the night. (b) Ignis fatuus;
Will-o'-the-wisp; Jask-with-a-lantern.
 -- Night flyer (Zoöl.), any creature that flies in the night, as
some birds and insects.
 -- night glass, a spyglass constructed to concentrate a large amount
of light, so as see objects distinctly at night. Totten.
 -- Night green, iodine green.
 -- Night hag, a witch supposed to wander in the night.
 -- Night hawk (Zoöl.), an American bird (Chordeiles Virginianus),
allied to the goatsucker. It hunts the insects on which it feeds
toward evening, on the wing, and often, diving down perpendicularly,
produces a loud whirring sound, like that of a spinning wheel. Also
sometimes applied to the European goatsuckers. It is called also bull
bat.
 -- Night heron (Zoöl.), any one of several species of herons of the
genus Nycticorax, found in various parts of the world. The best known
species is Nycticorax griseus, or N. nycticorax, of Europe, and the
American variety (var. nævius). The yellow-crowned night heron
(Nycticorax violaceus) inhabits the Southern States. Called also qua-
bird, and squawk.
 -- Night house, a public house, or inn, which is open at night.
 -- Night key, a key for unfastening a night latch.
 -- Night latch, a kind of latch for a door, which is operated from
the outside by a key.
 -- Night monkey (Zoöl.), an owl monkey.
 -- night moth (Zoöl.), any one of the noctuids.
 -- Night parrot (Zoöl.), the kakapo.
 -- Night piece, a painting representing some night scene, as a
moonlight effect, or the like.
 -- Night rail, a loose robe, or garment, worn either as a nightgown,
or over the dress at night, or in sickness. [Obs.] -- Night raven
(Zoöl.), a bird of ill omen that cries in the night; esp., the
bittern.
 -- Night rule. (a) A tumult, or frolic, in the night; -- as if a
corruption, of night revel. [Obs.] (b) Such conduct as generally
rules, or prevails, at night.
What night rule now about this haunted grove Shak.
-- Night sight. (Med.) See Nyctolopia.
 -- Night snap, a night thief. [Cant] Beau. & Fl.
 -- Night soil, human excrement; -- so called because in cities it is
collected by night and carried away for manure.
 -- Night spell, a charm against accidents at night.
 -- Night swallow (Zoöl.), the nightjar.
 -- Night walk, a walk in the evening or night.
 -- Night walker. (a) One who walks in his sleep; a somnambulist; a
noctambulist. (b) One who roves about in the night for evil purposes;
specifically, a prostitute who walks the streets.
 -- Night walking. (a) Walking in one's sleep; somnambulism;
noctambulism. (b) Walking the streets at night with evil designs.
 -- Night warbler (Zoöl.), the sedge warbler (Acrocephalus
phragmitis); -- called also night singer. [prov. Eng.] -- Night
watch. (a) A period in the night, as distinguished by the change of
watch. (b) A watch, or guard, to aford protection in the night.
 -- Night watcher, one who watches in the night; especially, one who
watches with evil designs.
 -- Night witch. Same as Night hag, above.

NIGHT-BLOOMING
Night"-bloom`ing, a.

Defn: Blooming in the night. Night-blooming cereus. (Bot.) See Note
under Cereus.

NIGHTCAP
Night"cap`, n.

1. A cap worn in bed to protect the head, or in undress.

2. A potion of spirit drank at bedtime. [Cant] Wright.

NIGHTDRESS
Night"dress`, n.

Defn: A nightgown.

NIGHTED
Night"ed, a.

1. Darkness; clouded. [R.] Shak.

2. Overtaken by night; belated. Beau. & Fl.

NIGHTERTALE
Night"er*tale, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. nattarpel.]

Defn: period of night; nighttime. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NIGHT-EYED
Night"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Capable of seeing at night; sharp-eyed. "Your night-eyed
Tiberius." B. Jonson.

NIGHTFALL
Night"fall`, n.

Defn: The close of the day. Swift.

NIGHT-FARING
Night"-far`ing, a.

Defn: Going or traveling in the night. Gay.

NIGHTGOWN
Night"gown`, n.

Defn: A loose gown used for undress; also, a gown used for a sleeping
garnment.

NIGHTINGALE
Night"in*gale, n. Etym: [OE. nihtegale,nightingale, AS. nihtegale;
niht night + galan to sing, akin to E. yell; cf. D. nachtegaal, OS.
nahtigala, OHG. nahtigala, G. nachtigall, Sw. näktergal, Dan.
nattergal. See Night, and Yell.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, plain, brown and gray European song bird (Luscinia
luscinia). It sings at night, and is celebrated for the sweetness of
its song.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A larger species (Lucinia philomela), of Eastern Europe, having
similar habits; the thrush nightingale. The name is also applied to
other allied species. Mock nightingale. (Zoöl.) See Blackcap, n., 1
(a).

NIGHTISH
Night"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to night.

NIGHTJAR
Night"jar`, n.

Defn: A goatsucker, esp. the European species. See Illust. of
Goatsucker.

NIGHTLESS
Night"less, a.

Defn: Having no night.

NIGHT LETTER; NIGHT LETTERGRAM
Night letter, Night lettergram.

Defn: See Letter, above.

NIGHTLONG
Night"long`, a.

Defn: Lasting all night.

NIGHTLY
Night"ly, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the night, or to every night; happening or
done by night, or every night; as, nightly shades; he kept nightly
vigils.

NIGHTLY
Night"ly, adv.

Defn: At night; every night.

NIGHTMAN
Night"man, n.; pl. Nightmen (.

Defn: One whose business is emptying privies by night.

NIGHTMARE
Night"mare`, n. Etym: [Night + mare incubus. See Mare incubus.]

1. A fiend or incubus formerly supposed to cause trouble in sleep.

2. A condition in sleep usually caused by improper eating or by
digestive or nervous troubles, and characterized by a sense of
extreme uneasiness or discomfort (as of weight on the chest or
stomach, impossibility of motion or speech, etc.), or by frightful or
oppressive dreams, from which one wakes after extreme anxiety, in a
troubled state of mind; incubus. Dunglison.

3. Hence, any overwhelming, oppressive, or stupefying influence.

NIGHTSHADE
Night"shade`, n. Etym: [AS. nichtscadu.] (Bot.)

Defn: A common name of many species of the genus Solanum, given esp.
to the Solanum nigrum, or black nightshade, a low, branching weed
with small white flowers and black berries reputed to be poisonous.
Deadly nightshade. Same as Belladonna (a).
 -- Enchanter's nightshade. See under Enchanter.
 -- Stinking nightshade. See Henbane.
 -- Three-leaved nightshade. See Trillium.

NIGHTSHIRT
Night"shirt`, n.

Defn: A kind of nightgown for men.

NIGHT TERRORS
Night terrors. (Med.)

Defn: A sudden awkening associated with a sensation of terror,
occurring in children, esp. those of unstable nervous constitution.

NIGHTTIME
Night"time`, n.

Defn: The time from dusk to dawn; -- opposed to Ant: daytime.

NIGHTWARD
Night"ward, a.

Defn: Approaching toward night.

NIGRANILINE
Ni*gran"i*line ( or ), n. Etym: [L. niger black + E. aniline.]
(Chem.)

Defn: The complex, nitrogenous, organic base and dyestuff called also
aniline black.

NIGRESCENT
Ni*gres"cent, a. Etym: [L. nigrescens, p.pr. of nigrescere to grow
black, fr. niger black. See Negro.]

Defn: Growing black; changing to a black color; approaching to
blackness. Johnson.

NIGRIFICATION
Nig`ri*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. nigrificare to blacken; niger black +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]

Defn: The act or process of making black. [R.] Johnson.

NIGRINE
Ni"grine, n. Etym: [L. niger black: cf. F. nigrine.] (Min.)

Defn: A ferruginous variety of rutile.

NIGRITIC
Ni*grit"ic, a. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or having the characteristics of, negroes, or of
the Negritos, Papuans, and the Melanesian races; negritic.

NIGRITUDE
Nig"ri*tude, n. Etym: [L. nigritudo, fr. niger black.]

Defn: Blackness; the state of being black. Lamb.

NIGROMANCIE
Nig"ro*man`cie, n.

Defn: Necromancy. [Obs.]

NIGROMANCIEN
Nig"ro*man`cien, n.

Defn: A necromancer. [Obs.]
These false enchanters or nigromanciens. Chaucer.

NIGROSINE
Ni"gro*sine ( or ), n. Etym: [From L. niger black.] (Chem.)

Defn: A dark blue dyestuff, of the induline group; -- called also
azodiphenyl blue.

NIGUA
Ni"gua, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chigoe.

NIHIL
Ni"hil, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Nothing. Nihil album Etym: [L., white nothing] (Chem.), oxide
of zinc. See under Zinc.
 -- Nihil debet Etym: [L., he owes nothing] (Law), the general issue
in certain actions of debt.
 -- Nihil dicit Etym: [L., he says nothing] (Law), a declinature by
the defendant to plead or answer. Tomlins.

NIHILISM
Ni"hil*ism, n. Etym: [L. nihil nothing: cf. F. nihilisme. See
Annihilate.]

1. Nothingness; nihility.

2. The doctrine that nothing can be known; scepticism as to all
knowledge and all reality.

3. (Politics)

Defn: The theories and practices of the Nihilists.

NIHILIST
Ni"hil*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. nihiliste. See Nihilism.]

1. One who advocates the doctrine of nihilism; one who believes or
teaches that nothing can be known, or asserted to exist.

2. (Politics)

Defn: A member of a secret association (esp. in Russia), which is
devoted to the destruction of the present political, religious, and
social institutions.

NIHILISTIC
Ni`hil*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or characterized by, nihilism.

NIHILITY
Ni*hil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. nihilité. See Nihilism.]

Defn: Nothingness; a state of being nothing.

NIL
Nil. Etym: [See Nill, v. t.]

Defn: Will not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NIL
Nil, n. & a. Etym: [L., a contr. of nihil.]

Defn: Nothing; of no account; worthless; -- a term often used for
canceling, in accounts or bookkeeping. A. J. Ellis.

NILE
Nile, n. Etym: [L. Nilus, gr.

Defn: The great river of Egypt. Nile bird. (Zoöl.) (a) The wryneck.
[Prov. Eng.] (b) The crocodile bird.
 -- Nile goose (Zoöl.), the Egyptian goose. See Note under Goose, 2.

NILGAU
Nil"gau, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: see Nylghau.

NILL
Nill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Nilling.] Etym:
[AS. nilan, nyllan; ne not + willan to will. See No, and Will.]

Defn: Not to will; to refuse; to reject. [Obs.]
Certes, said he, I nill thine offered grace. Spenser.

NILL
Nill, v. i.

Defn: To be unwilling; to refuse to act.
The actions of the will are "velle" and "nolle," to will and nill.
Burton.
Will he, nill he, whether he wills it or not.

NILL
Nill, n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. & Gael. neul star, light. Cf. Nebula.]

1. Shining sparks thrown off from melted brass.

2. Scales of hot iron from the forge. Knight.

NILOMETER
Ni*lom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. nilomètre.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the rise of water in the Nile
during its periodical flood.

NILOSCOPE
Ni"lo*scope, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A Nilometer.

NILOTIC
Ni*lot"ic, a. Etym: [L. Niloticus, fr. Nilus th Nile, Gr. nilotique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the river Nile; as, the Nilotic crocodile.

NILT
Nilt. Etym: [Contr. fr. ne wilt.]

Defn: Wilt not. [Obs.]

NIM
Nim, v. t. [imp. Nam or Nimmed (; p. p. Nomen or Nome (.] Etym: [AS.
niman. sq. root 7. Cf. Nimble.]

Defn: To take; to steal; to filch. [Obs.]
This canon it in his hand nam. Chaucer.

NIMBIFEROUS
Nim*bif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. nimbifer; nimbus a cloud + ferre to
bear.]

Defn: Serving to bring clouds or stormy weather.

NIMBLE
Nim"ble, a. [Compar. Nimbler; superl. Nimblest.] Etym: [OE. nimel,
prob. orig., quick at seizing, fr. nimen to take, AS. niman; akin to
D. nemen, G. nehmen, OHG. neman, Icel. nema, Goth. nima, and prob. to
Gr. Nomand, Numb.]

Defn: Light and quick in motion; moving with ease and celerity;
lively; swift.
Through the mid seas the nimble pinnace sails. Pope.

Note: Nimble is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, nimble-footed, nimble-pinioned, nimble-winged, etc.
Nimble Will (Bot.), a slender, branching, American grass
(Muhlenbergia diffusa), of some repute for grazing purposes in the
Mississippi valley.

Syn.
 -- Agile; quick; active; brisk; lively; prompt.

NIMBLENESS
Nim"ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being nimble; lightness and quickness in motion;
agility; swiftness.

NIMBLESS
Nim"bless, n.

Defn: Nimbleness. [Obs.] Spenser.

NIMBLY
Nim"bly, adv.

Defn: In a nimble manner; with agility; with light, quick motion.

NIMBOSE
Nim*bose", a. Etym: [L. nimbosus, fr. nimbus cloud.]

Defn: Cloudy; stormy; tempestuous.

NIMBUS
Nim"bus, n.; pl. L. Nimbi, E. Nimbuses. Etym: [L., a rain storm, a
rain cloud, the cloudshaped which enveloped the gods when they
appeared on earth.]

1. (Fine Arts)

Defn: A circle, or disk, or any indication of radiant light around
the heads of divinities, saints, and sovereigns, upon medals,
pictures, etc.; a halo. See Aureola, and Glory, n., 5.

Note: "The nimbus is of pagan origin." "As an atribute of power, the
nimbus is often seen attached to the heads of evil spirits."
Fairholl.

2. (Meteor.)

Defn: A rain cloud; one of the four principal varieties of clouds.
See Cloud.

NIMIETY
Ni*mi"e*ty, n. Etym: [L. nimietas, fr. nimius, a., nimis, adv., too
much.]

Defn: State of being in excess. [R.]
There is a nimiety, a too-muchess, in all Germans. Coleridge.

NIMIOUS
Nim"i*ous, a. Etym: [L. nimius.]

Defn: Excessive; extravagant; inordinate. [Obs.]

NIMMER
Nim"mer, n. Etym: [From Nim.]

Defn: A thief. [Obs.]

NIN
Nin. Etym: [Fr. ne in.]

Defn: Not in. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NINCOMPOOP
Nin"com*poop, n. Etym: [A corruption of non compos.]

Defn: A fool; a silly or stupid person. [Law]
An old ninnyhammer, a dotard, a nincompoop, is the best language she
can afford me. Addison.

NINE
Nine, a. Etym: [OE. nine, nihen, AS. nigon, nigan; akin to D. & LG.
negen, OS. & OFries. nigun, OHG. niun, G. neun, Icel. niu, sw. nio,
Dan. ni, Goth. niun, Ir. & Gael. naoi, W. naw, L. novem, gr. navan;
of unknown origin. Novembeer.]

Defn: Eight and one more; one less than ten; as, nine miles. Nine
men's morris. See Morris.
 -- Nine points circle (Geom.), a circle so related to any given
triangle as to pass through the three points in which the
perpendiculars from the angles of the triangle upon the opposite
sides (or the sides produced) meet the sides. It also passes through
the three middle points of the sides of the triangle and through the
three middle points of those parts of the perpendiculars that are
between their common point of meeting and the angles of the triangle.
The circle is hence called the nine points or six points circle.

NINE
Nine, n.

1. The number greater than eight by a unit; nine units or objects.

2. A symbol representing nine units, as 9 or ix. The Nine, the nine
Muses.

NINE-BARK
Nine"-bark`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A white-flowered rosaceous shrub (Neillia, or Spiræa,
opulifolia), common in the Northern United States. The bark separates
into many thin layers, whence the name.

NINE-EYES
Nine"-eyes`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lamprey.

NINEFOLD
Nine"fold`, a.

Defn: Nine times repeated.

NINEHOLES
Nine"holes`, n. pl.

Defn: A game in which nine holes are made in the ground, into which a
ball is bowled.

NINE-KILLER
Nine"-kill`er, n. Etym: [So called because it is believed to kill and
impale on thorns nine birds, etc., in succession.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The northern butcher bird.

NINEPENCE
Nine"pence, n.; pl. Ninepences (.

1. An old English silver coin, worth nine pence.

2. A New England name for the Spanish real, a coin formerly current
in the United States, as valued at twelve and a half cents.

NINEPINS
Nine"pins, n. pl.

Defn: A game played with nine pins, or pieces of wood, set on end, at
which a wooden ball is bowled to knock them down; bowling.

Note: In the United States, ten pins are used for this game, which is
therefore often called tenpins.

NINESCORE
Nine"score`, a.

Defn: Nine times twenty, or one hundred and eighty.
 -- n.

Defn: The product of nine times twenty; ninescore units or objects.

NINETEEN
Nine"teen`, a. Etym: [AS. nigont, nigont. See Nine, and Ten.]

Defn: Nine and ten; eighteen and one more; one less than twenty; as,
nineteen months.

NINETEEN
Nine"teen`, n.

1. The number greater than eighteen by a unit; the sum of ten and
nine; nineteen units or objects.

2. A symbol for nineteen units, as 19 or xix.

NINETEENTH
Nine"teenth`, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. nigonteó.]

1. Following the eighteenth and preceding the twentieth; coming after
eighteen others.

2. Constituting or being one of nineteen equal parts into which
anything is divided.

NINETEENTH
Nine"teenth`, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by nineteen; one of nineteen equal
parts of anything.

2. The next in order after the eighteenth.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: An interval of two octaves and a fifth.

NINETIETH
Nine"ti*eth, a.

1. Next in order after the eighty-ninth.

2. Constituting or being one of ninety equal parts.

NINETIETH
Nine"ti*eth, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by ninety; one of ninety equal
parts of anything.

2. The next in order after the eighty-ninth.

NINETY
Nine"ty, a. Etym: [See Nine, and cf. Forty.]

Defn: Nine times ten; eighty-nine and one more; as, ninety men.

NINETY
Nine"ty, n.; pl. Nineties (.

1. The sum of nine times ten; the number greater by a unit than
eighty-nine; ninety units or objects.

2. A symbol representing ninety units, as 90 or xc.

NINNY
Nin"ny, n.; pl. Ninnies. Etym: [Cf. It. ninno, ninna, a baby, Sp.
niño, niña, child, infant, It. ninna, ninna nanna, lullably, prob.
fr. ni, na, as used in singing a child to sleep.]

Defn: A fool; a simpleton. Shak.

NINNYHAMMER
Nin"ny*ham`mer, n.

Defn: A simpleton; a silly person. [Colloq.] Addison.

NINTH
Ninth, a. Etym: [From Nine; cf. AS. nigoedha.]

1. Following the eight and preceding the tenth; coming after eight
others.

2. Constituting or being one of nine equal parts into which anything
is divided.

NINTH
Ninth, n.

1. The quotient of one divided by nine; one of nine equal parts of a
thing; the next after the eighth.

2. (Mus.)
(a) An interval containing an octave and a second.
(b) A chord of the dominant seventh with the ninth added.

NINTHLY
Ninth"ly, adv.

Defn: In the ninth place.

NINUT
Nin"ut, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The magpie. [Prov. Eng.]

NIOBATE
Ni"o*bate, n. Etym: [See Niobium.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Columbate.

NIOBE
Ni"o*be, n. Etym: [L. Nioba, Niobe, gr. (Class, Myth.)

Defn: The daughter of Tantalus, and wife of Amphion, king of Thebes.
Her pride in her children provoked Apollo and Diana, who slew them
all. Niobe herself was changed by the gods into stone.

NIOBIC
Ni*ob"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Columbic.

NIOBITE
Ni"o*bite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Columbite.

NIOBIUM
Ni*o"bi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. & E. Niobe.] (Chem.)

Defn: A later name of columbium. See Columbium.

NIOPO
Ni*o"po, n.

Defn: A kind of snuff prepared by the natives of Venezuela from the
roasted seeds of a leguminous tree (Piptadenia peregrina), thence
called niopo tree.

NIP
Nip, n. Etym: [LG. & D. nippen to sip; akin to Dan. nippe, G.
nippen.]

Defn: A sip or small draught; esp., a draught of intoxicating liquor;
a dram.

NIP
Nip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nipped, less properly Nipt; p. pr. & vb. n.
Nipping.] Etym: [OE. nipen; cf. D. niipen to pinch, also knippen to
nip, clip, pinch, snap, knijpen to pinch, LG. knipen, G. kneipen,
kneifen, to pinch, cut off, nip, Lith. knebti.]

1. To catch and inclose or compress tightly between two surfaces, or
points which are brought together or closed; to pinch; to close in
upon.
May this hard earth cleave to the Nadir hell, Down, down, and close
again, and nip me flat, If I be such a traitress. Tennyson.

2. To remove by pinching, biting, or cutting with two meeting edges
of anything; to clip.
The small shoots ... must be nipped off. Mortimer.

3. Hence: To blast, as by frost; to check the growth or vigor of; to
destroy.

4. To vex or pain, as by nipping; hence, to taunt.
And sharp remorse his heart did prick and nip. Spenser.
To nip in the bud, to cut off at the verycommencement of growth; to
kill in the incipient stage.

NIP
Nip, n.

1. A seizing or closing in upon; a pinching; as, in the northern
seas, the nip of masses of ice.

2. A pinch with the nails or teeth.

3. A small cut, or a cutting off the end.

4. A blast; a killing of the ends of plants by frost.

5. A biting sarcasm; a taunt. Latimer.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: A short turn in a rope. Nip and tuck, a phrase signifying
equality in a contest. [Low, U.S.]

NIPPER
Nip"per, n.

1. One who, or that which, nips.

2. A fore tooth of a horse. The nippers are four in number.

3. A satirist. [Obs.] Ascham.

4. A pickpocket; a young or petty thief. [Old Cant]

5. (Zoöl.)
(a) The cunner.
(b) A European crab (Polybius Henslowii).

NIPPERKIN
Nip"per*kin, n. Etym: [See 1st Nip.]

Defn: A small cup. [Obs.]

NIPPERS
Nip"pers, n. pl. Etym: [From 2d Nip.]

1. Small pinchers for holding, breaking, or cutting.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A device with fingers or jaws for seizing an object and holding
or conveying it; as, in a printing press, a clasp for catching a
sheet and conveying it to the form.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A number of rope-yarns wound together, used to secure a cable
to the messenger.

NIPPING
Nip"ping, a.

Defn: Biting; pinching; painful; destructive; as, a nipping frost; a
nipping wind.

NIPPINGLY
Nip"ping*ly, adv.

Defn: In a nipping manner.

NIPPITATE
Nip"pi*tate, a. Etym: [Cf. 1st Nip.]

Defn: Peculiary strong and good; -- said of ale or liquor. [Old Cant]
'T will make a cup of wine taste nippitate. Chapman.

NIPPITATO
Nip`pi*ta"to, n.

Defn: Strong liquor. [Old Cant] Beau. & Fl.

NIPPLE
Nip"ple, n. Etym: [Formerly neble, a dim. of neb. See Neb, Nib.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The protuberance through which milk is drawn from the breast or
mamma; the mammilla; a teat; a pap.

2. The orifice at which any animal liquid, as the oil from an oil
bag, is discharged. [R.] Derham.

3. Any small projection or article in which there is an orifice for
discharging a fluid, or for other purposes; as, the nipple of a
nursing bottle; the nipple of a percussion lock, or that part on
which the cap is put and through which the fire passes to the charge.

4. (Mech.)

Defn: A pipe fitting, consisting of a short piece of pipe, usually
provided with a screw thread at each end, for connecting two other
fittings. Solder nipple, a short pipe, usually of brass, one end of
which is tapered and adapted for attachment to the end of a lead pipe
by soldering.

NIPPLEWORT
Nip"ple*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A yellow-flowered composite herb (Lampsana communis), formerly
used as an external application to the nipples of women; -- called
also dock-cress.

NIRVANA
Nir*va"na, n. Etym: [Skr. nirvansa.]

Defn: In the Buddhist system of religion, the final emancipation of
the soul from transmigration, and consequently a beatific
enfrachisement from the evils of wordly existence, as by annihilation
or absorption into the divine. See Buddhism.

NIS
Nis. Etym: [From ne is.]

Defn: Is not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NISAN
Ni"san, n. Etym: [Heb. nisan.]

Defn: The first month of the jewish ecclesiastical year, formerly
answering nearly to the month of April, now to March, of the
Christian calendar. See Abib.

NISEY
Ni"sey, n.; pl. Nyseys.

Defn: A simpleton. [Obs.]

NISI
Ni"si, conj. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Unless; if not.

Note: In legal proceedings, this word is used to indicate that any
order, etc., shall take effect at a given time, unless before that
time the order, etc., in modified, or something else is done to
prevent its taking effect. Continuance nisi is a conditional
continuance of the case till the next term of the court, unless
otherwise disposed of in the mean time. Nisi prius (Law), unless
before; -- a phrase applied to terms of court, held generally by a
single judge, with a jury, for the trial of civil causes. The term
originated in a legal fiction. An issue of fact being made up, it is,
according to the English practice, appointed by the entry on the
record, or written proceedings, to be tried by a jury from the county
of which the proceedings are dated, at Westminster, unless before the
day appointed (nisi prius) the judges shall have come to the county
in question (which they always do) and there try the cause. See In
banc, under Banc.

NISTE
Nis"te. Etym: [Contr. from ne wiste.]

Defn: Wist not; knew not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NISUS
Ni"sus, n. Etym: [L., fr. niti, p.p. nisus, to strive.]

Defn: A striving; an effort; a conatus.
A nisus or energizing towards a presented object. Hickok.

NIT
Nit, n. Etym: [AS. hnitu; akin to D. neet, G. niss, OHG. niz; cf. gr.
gnit, Sw. gnet, Dan. gnid, Russ. & Pol. gnida, Bohem. hnida, W.
nedd.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The egg of a louse or other small insect. Nit grass (Bot.), a
pretty annual European grass (Gastridium lendigerum), with small
spikelets somewhat resembling a nit. It is also found in California
and Chili.

NITENCY
Ni"ten*cy, n. Etym: [L. nitens, p.pr. of nitere to shine.]

Defn: Brightness; luster. [R.]

NITENCY
Ni"ten*cy, n. Etym: [From :. nitens, p.pr. pf niti to strive.]

Defn: Endeavor; rffort; tendency. [R.] Boyle.

NITER; NITRE
Ni"ter, Ni"tre, n. Etym: [F. nitre, L. nitrum native soda, natron,
Gr. nit, natr natron. Cf. Natron.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline semitransparent salt; potassium nitrate;
saltpeter. See Saltpeter.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Native sodium carbonate; natron. [Obs.]
For though thou wash thee with niter, and take thee much soap, yet
thine iniquity is marked before me. Jer. ii. 22.
Cubic niter, a deliquescent salt, sodium nitrate, found as a native
incrustation, like niter, in Peru and Chili, whence it is known also
as Chili saltpeter.
 -- Niter bush (Bot.), a genus (Nitraria) of thorny shrubs bearing
edible berries, and growing in the saline plains of Asia and Northern
Africa.

NITHING
Nith"ing, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Niding.

NITID
Nit"id, a. Etym: [L. nitidus, fr. nitere. See 3d Neat.]

1. Bright; lustrous; shining. [R.] Boyle.

2. Gay; spruce; fine; -- said of persons. [R.] T. Reeve.

NITRANILIC
Ni`tra*nil"ic, a. Etym: [Nitro- + chloranil + -ic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex organic acid
produced as a white crystalline substance by the action of nitrous
acid on hydroquinone.

NITRANILINE
Ni*tran"i*line ( or ), n. Etym: [Nitro- + aniline.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of nitro derivatives of aniline. In general
they are yellow crystalline substances.

NITRATE
Ni"trate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. nitrate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of nitric acid. Nitrate of silver, a white crystalline
salt (AgNO3), used in photography and as a cauterizing agent; --
called also lunar caustic.

NITRATED
Ni"tra*ted, a.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined, or impregnated, with nitric acid, or some of its
compounds.

2. (Photog.)

Defn: Prepared with nitrate of silver.

NITRATINE
Ni"tra*tine, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in transparent crystals, usually of a
white, sometimes of a reddish gray, or lemon-yellow, color; native
sodium nitrate. It is used in making nitric acid and for manure.
Called also soda niter.

NITRE
Ni"tre, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Niter.

NITRIARY
Ni"tri*a*ry, n. Etym: [See Niter.]

Defn: An artificial bed of animal matter for the manufacture of niter
by nitrification. See Nitrification, 2.

NITRIC
Ni"tric, a. Etym: [Cf. F. nitrique. See Niter.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitrogen; specifically,
designating any one of those compounds in which, as contrasted with
nitrous compounds, the element has a higher valence; as, nitric
oxide; nitric acid. Nitric acid, a colorless or yellowish liquid
obtained by distilling a nitrate with sulphuric acid. It is
powerfully corrosive, being a strong acid, and in decomposition a
strong oxidizer.
 -- Nitric anhydride, a white crystalline oxide of nitrogen (N2O5),
called nitric pentoxide, and regarded as the anhydride of nitric
acid.
 -- Nitric oxide, a colorless poisous gas (NO) obtained by treating
nitric acid with copper. On contact with the air or with oxygen, it
becomes reddish brown from the formation of nitric dioxide or
peroxide.

NITRIDE
Ni"tride ( or ), n. Etym: [fromNitrogen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of nitrogen with a more metallic element or
radical; as, boric nitride.

NITRIFEROUS
Ni*trif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Niter + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing niter; yielding, or containing, niter.

NITRIFICATION
Ni`tri*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. nitrification. see Nitrify.]

1. (Chem.)
(a) The act, process, or result of combining with nitrogen or some of
its compounds.
(b) The act or process of oxidizing nitrogen or its compounds so as
to form nitrous or nitric acid.

2. A process of oxidation, in which nitrogenous vegetable and animal
matter in the presence of air, moisture, and some basic substances,
as lime or alkali carbonate, is converted into nitrates.

Note: The process is going on at all times in porous soils and in
water contaminated with nitrogenous matter, and is supposed to be due
to the presence of an organized ferment or ferments, called
nitrification ferments. In former times the process was extensively
made use of in the production of saltpeter.

NITRIFIER
Ni"tri*fi`er, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An agent employed in nitrification.

NITRIFY
Ni"tri*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nitrified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Nitrifying.] Etym: [Niter + -fy: cf. F. nitrifer. See Niter.] (Chem.)

Defn: To combine or impregnate with nitrogen; to convert, by
oxidation, into nitrous or nitric acid; to subject to, or produce by,
nitrification.

NITRILE
Ni"trile ( or ), n. Etym: [See Nitro-.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of cyanogen compounds; particularly, one of
those cyanides of alcohol radicals which, by boiling with acids or
alkalies, produce a carboxyl acid, with the elimination of the
nitrogen as ammonia.

Note: The nitriles are named with reference to the acids produced by
their decomposition, thus, hydrocyanic acid is formic nitrile, and
methyl cyanide is acetic nitrile.

NITRITE
Ni"trite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. nitrite. See Niter.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of nitrous acid. Amyl nitrite, a yellow oily volatile
liquid, used in medicine as a depressant and a vaso-dilator. Its
inhalation produces an instantaneous flushing of the face.

NITRO-
Ni"tro- (.

1. A combining form or an adjective denoting the presence of niter.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (used also adjectively) designating certain
compounds of nitrogen or of its acids, as nitrohydrochloric,
nitrocalcite; also, designating the group or radical NO2, or its
compounds, as nitrobenzene. Nitro group, the radical NO2; -- called
also nitroxyl.

NITROBENZENE
Ni`tro*ben"zene ( or ), n. Etym: [Nitro- + benzene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow aromatic liquid (C6H5.NO2), produced by the action of
nitric acid on benzene, and called from its odor imitation oil of
bitter almonds, or essence of mirbane. It is used in perfumery, and
is manufactured in large quantities in the preparation of aniline.
Fornerly called also nitrobenzol.

NITROBENZOL; NITROBENZOLE
Ni`tro*ben"zol, Ni`tro*ben"zole, (, n.

Defn: See Nitrobenzene.

NITROCALCITE
Ni`tro*cal"cite, n. Etym: [Nitro- + calcite.] (Min.)

Defn: Nitrate of calcium, a substance having a grayish white color,
occuring in efforescences on old walls, and in limestone caves,
especially where there exists decaying animal matter.

NITROCARBOL
Ni`tro*car"bol, n. Etym: [Nitro- + carbon + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Nitromethane.

NITROCELLULOSE
Ni`tro*cel"lu*lose`, n. Etym: [Nitro- + cellulose.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Gun cotton, under Gun.

NITRO-CHLOROFORM
Ni`tro-chlo"ro*form, n. Etym: [Nitro- + chloroform.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Chlorpicrin.

NITROFORM
Ni"tro*form, n. Etym: [Nitro- + formyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitro derivative of methane, analogous to chloroform,
obtained as a colorless oily or crystalline substance, CH.(NO2)3,
quite explosive, and having well-defined acid properties.

NITROGELATIN
Ni`tro*gel"a*tin, n. Etym: [Nitro- + gelatin.]

Defn: An explosive consisting of gun cotton and camphor dissolved in
nitroglycerin. [Written also nitrogelatine.]

NITROGEN
Ni`tro*gen, n. Etym: [L. nitrum natron + -gen: cf. F. nitrogène. See
Niter.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless nonmetallic element, tasteless and odorless,
comprising four fifths of the atmosphere by volume. It is chemically
very inert in the free state, and as such is incapable of supporting
life (hence the name azote still used by French chemists); but it
forms many important compounds, as ammonia, nitric acid, the
cyanides, etc, and is a constituent of all organized living tissues,
animal or vegetable. Symbol N. Atomic weight 14. It was formerly
regarded as a permanent noncondensible gas, but was liquefied in 1877
by Cailletet of Paris, and Pictet of Geneva.

NITROGENIZE
Ni"tro*gen*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nitrogenized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Nitrogenizing.] (Chem.)

Defn: To combine, or impregnate, with nitrogen or its compounds.

NITROGENOUS
Ni*trog"e*nous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: of, pertaining to, or resembling, nitrogen; as, a nitrogenous
principle; nitrogenous compounds. Nitrogenous foods. See 2d Note
under Food, n., 1.

NITROGLYCERIN
Ni`tro*glyc"er*in, n. Etym: [Nitro- + glycerinn.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid appearing like a heavy oil, colorless or yellowish,
and consisting of a mixture of several glycerin salts of nitric acid,
and hence more properly called glycerin nitrate. It is made by the
action of nitric acid on glycerin in the presence of sulphuric acid.
It is extremely unstable and terribly explosive. A very dilute
solution is used in medicine as a neurotic under the name of glonion.
[Written also nitroglycerine.]

Note: A great number of explosive compounds have been produced by
mixing nitroglycerin with different substances; as, dynamite, or
giant powder, nitroglycerin mixed with siliceous earth;
lithofracteur, nitroglycerin with gunpowder, or with sawdust and
nitrate of sodium or barium; Colonia powder, gunpowder with
nitroglycerin; dualin, nitroglycerin with sawdust, or with sawdust
and nitrate of potassium and some other substances; lignose, wood
fiber and nitroglycerin.

NITROHYDROCHLORIC
Ni`tro*hy`dro*chlo"ric, a. Etym: [Nitro- + hydrochloric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitric and hydrochloric
acids. Nitrohydrochloric acid, a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric
acids, usually in the proportion of one part of the former to three
of the latter, and remarkable for its solvent action on gold and
platinum; -- called also nitromuriatic acid, and aqua regia.

NITROL
Ni"trol, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of hydrocarbons containing the nitro and
the nitroso or isonitroso group united to the same carbon atom.

NITROLEUM
Ni*tro"le*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. nitrum natron + oleum oil.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Nitroglycerin.

NITROLIC
Ni*trol"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: of, derived from, or designating, a nitrol; as, a nitrolic
acid.

NITROMAGNESITE
Ni`tro*mag"ne*site, n. Etym: [Nitro- + magnesite.] (Chem.)

Defn: Nitrate of magnesium, a saline efflorescence closely resembling
nitrate of calcium.

NITROMETER
Ni*trom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Nitro- + -meter: cf. F. nitromètre.] (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus for determining the amount of nitrogen or some of
its compounds in any substance subjected to analysis; an azotometer.

NITROMETHANE
Ni`tro*meth"ane, n. Etym: [Nitro- + methane.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitro derivative of methane obtained as a mobile liquid; --
called also nitrocarbol.

NITROMURIATIC
Ni`tro*mu`ri*at"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. nitromuriatique. See Nitro-, and
Muriatic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or composed of, nitric acid and muriatic
acid; nitrohydrochloric. See Nitrohydrochloric.

NITROPHNOL
Ni`tro*ph"nol, n. Etym: [Nitro- + phenol.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of nitro derivatives of phenol. They are
yellow oily or crystalline substances and have well-defined acid
properties, as picric acid.

NITROPRUSSIC
Ni`tro*prus"sic ( or , a. Etym: [Nitro- + prussic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, a complex acid
called nitroprussic acid, obtained indirectly by the action of nitric
acid on potassium ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate), as a red
crystalline unstable substance. It forms salts called nitroprussides,
which give a rich purple color with alkaline subphides.

NITROPRUSSIDE
Ni`tro*prus"side, n.

Defn: See Nitroprussic.

NITROQUINOL
Ni`tro*qui"nol, n. Etym: [Nitro- + quine + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical nitro derivative of quinol or hydroquinone, not
known in the free state, but forming a well defined series of
derivatives.

NITROSACCHARIN
Ni`tro*sac"cha*rin, n. Etym: [Nitro- + saccharin.] (Chem.)

Defn: An explosive nitro derivative of certain sugars, analogous to
nitroglycerin, gun cotton, etc.

NITROSALICYLIC
Ni`tro*sal`i*cyl"ic, a. Etym: [Nitro- + salicylic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a nitro derivative of
salicylic acid, called also anilic acid.

NITROSE
Ni*trose", a. (Chem.)

Defn: See Nitrous.

NITROSO-
Ni*tro"so-

Defn: (. (Chem.) A prefix (also used adjectively) designating the
group or radical NO, called the nitroso group, or its compounds.

NITROSYL
Ni*tro"syl, n. Etym: [Nitroso- + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: the radical NO, called also the nitroso group. The term is
sometimes loosely used to designate certain nitro compounds; as,
nitrosyl sulphuric acid. Used also adjectively.

NITROSYLIC
Ni`tro*syl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitrosyl; as, nitrosylic
acid.

NITROUS
Ni"trous, a. Etym: [L. nitrosus full of natron: cf. F. nitreux. See
Niter.]

1. Of, pertaining to, or containing, niter; of the quality of niter,
or resembling it.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of those compounds
in which nitrogen has a relatively lower valence as contrasted with
nitric compounds. Nitrous acid (Chem.), a hypothetical acid of
nitrogen HNO2, not known in the free state, but forming a well known
series of salts, viz., the nitrites.
 -- Nitrous oxide. See Laughing gas.

NITROXYL
Ni*trox"yl, n. Etym: [Nitro- + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The group NO2, usually called the nitro group.

NITRUM
Ni"trum, n. Etym: [L., natron. See Niter.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: Niter. Nitrum flammans Etym: [L., flaming niter] (Old Chem.),
ammonium nitrate; -- probably so called because it deflagerates when
suddenly heated.

NITRY
Ni"try, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Nitrous. [Obs.]

NITRYL
Ni"tryl, n. Etym: [Nitro- + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A name sometimes given to the nitro group or radical.

NITTER
Nit"ter, n. Etym: [From Nit.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The horselouse; an insect that deposits nits on horses.

NITTILY
Nit"ti*ly, adv.

Defn: Lousily. [Obs.] Haywar

NITTINGS
Nit"tings, n. pl. Etym: [Prob. from Nit.] (Mining)

Defn: The refuse of good ore. Raymond.

NITTY
Nit"ty, a.

Defn: Full of nits. B. Jonson.

NITTY
Nit"ty, a. Etym: [L. nitidus. See Nitid.]

Defn: Shining; elegant; spruce. [Obs.] "O sweet, nitty youth."
Marston.

NIVAL
Ni"val, a. Etym: [L. nivalis, fr. nix, nivis, snow.]

Defn: Abounding with snow; snowy. [Obs.] Johnson.

NIVEOUS
Niv"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. niveus, fr. nix, nivis, snow.]

Defn: Snowy; resembling snow; partaking of the qualities of snow. Sir
T. Browne.

NIVOSE
Ni`vose", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. nix. nivis, snow.]

Defn: The fourth month of the French republican calendar [1792-1806].
It commenced December 21, and ended January 19. See VendÉmiaire.

NIX
Nix, n.; fem. Nixe (. Etym: [G. Cf. 1st Nick.] (Teut. Myth.)

Defn: One of a class of water spirits, commonly described as of a
mischievous disposition.
The treacherous nixes who entice men to a watery death. Tylor.

NIXIE
Nix"ie, n.

Defn: See Nix.

NIXIE CLERK
Nixie clerk.

Defn: A post-office clerk in charge of the nixies.

NIZAM
Ni*zam", n. Etym: [Hind. & Ar. nizam order, a ruler, fr. Ar. nazama
arrange, govern.]

Defn: The title of the native sovereigns of Hyderabad, in India,
since 1719.

NO
No, a. Etym: [OE. no, non, the same word as E. none; cf. E. a, an.
See None.]

Defn: Not any; not one; none.
Let there be no strife ... between me and thee. Gen. xiii. 8.
That goodness is no name, and happiness no dream. Byron.

Note: In Old England before a vowel the form non or noon was used.
"No man." "Noon apothercary." Chaucer.

NO
No, adv. Etym: [OE. no, na, AS. na; ne not + a ever. AS. ne is akin
to OHG. ni, Goth. ni, Russ. ne, Ir., Gael. & W. ni, L. ne, gr. nh (in
comp.), Skr. na, and also to E. prefix un-. sq. root 193. See Aye,
and cf. Nay, Not, Nice, Nefarious.]

Defn: Nay; not; not at all; not in any respect or degree; -- a word
expressing negation, denial, or refusal. Before or after another
negative, no is emphatic.
We do no otherwise than we are willed. Shak.
I am perplx'd and doubtful whether or no I dare accept this your
congratulation. Coleridge.
There is none righteous, no, not one. Rom. iii. 10.
No! Nay, Heaven forbid. Coleridge.

NO
No, n.; pl. Noes (.

1. A refusal by use of the wordd no; a denial.

2. A negative vote; one who votes in the negative; as, to call for
the ayes and noes; the noes have it.

NOACHIAN
No*a"chi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the patriarch Noah, or to his time.

NOAH
No"ah, n. Etym: [Heb. Noakh rest.]

Defn: A patriarch of Biblical history, in the time of the Deluge.
Noah's ark. (a) (Zoöl.) A marine bivalve shell (Arca Noæ), which
somewhat resembles an ark, or ship, in form. (b) A child's toy,
consisting of an ark-shaped box containing many different wooden
animals.

NOB
Nob, n. Etym: [Cf. Knob.]

Defn: The head. [Low]

NOB
Nob, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. noble.]

Defn: A person in a superior position in life; a nobleman. [Slang]

NOBBILY
Nob"bi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a nobby manner. [Slang]

NOBBLER
Nob"bler, n.

Defn: A dram of spirits. [Australia]

NOBBY
Nob"by, a. Etym: [From 2d Nob.]

Defn: Stylish; modish; elegant; showy; aristocratic; fashionable.
[Slang]

NOBEL PRIZES
No*bel" prizes.

Defn: Prizes for the encouragement of men and women who work for the
interests of humanity, established by the will of A. B. Nobel (1833-
96), the Swedish inventor of dynamite, who left his entire estate for
this purpose. They are awarded yearly for what is regarded as the
most important work during the year in physics, chemistry, medicine
or physiology, idealistic literature, and service in the interest of
peace. The prizes, averaging $40,000 each, were first awarded in
1901.

NOBERT'S LINES
No"bert's lines. [After F. A. Nobert, German manufacturer in
Pomerania.]

Defn: Fine lines ruled on glass in a series of groups of different
closeness of line, and used to test the power of a microscope.

NOBILIARY
No*bil"ia*ry, a. Etym: [F. nobiliare. See Noble.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the nobility. Fitzed. Hall.

NOBILIARY
No*bil"ia*ry, n.

Defn: A history of noble families.

NOBILIFY
No*bil"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. nobilis noble + -fy.]

Defn: To make noble; to nobiliate. [Obs.]

NOBILI'S RINGS
No"bi*li's rings. [After Leopoldo Nobili, an Italian physicist who
first described them in 1826.] (Physics)

Defn: Colored rings formed upon a metal plate by the electrolytic
disposition of copper, lead peroxide, etc. They may be produced by
touching with a pointed zinc rod a silver plate on which is a
solution of copper sulphate.

NOBILITATE
No*bil"i*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. nobilitatus, p.p. of nobilitare.]

Defn: To make noble; to ennoble; to exalt. [Obs.]

NOBILITATION
No*bil`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. nobilitation.]

Defn: The act of making noble. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

NOBILITY
No*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. nobilitas: cf. OF. nobilité. See Noble.]

1. The quality or state of being noble; superiority of mind or of
character; commanding excellence; eminence.
Though she hated Amphialus, yet the nobility of her courage prevailed
over it. Sir P. Sidney.
They thought it great their sovereign to control, And named their
pride nobility of soul. Dryden.

2. The state of being of high rank or noble birth; patrician dignity;
antiquity of family; distinction by rank, station, or title, whether
inherited or conferred.
I fell on the same argument of preferring virtue to nobility of blood
and titles, in the story of Sigismunda. Dryden.

3. Those who are noble; the collictive body of nobles or titled
persons in a stste; the aristocratic and patrician class; the
peerage; as, the English nobility.

NOBLE
No"ble, a. [Compar. Nobler; superl. Noblest.] Etym: [F. noble, fr. L.
nobilis that can be or is known, well known, famous, highborn, noble,
fr.noscere to know. See know.]

1. Possessing eminence, elevation, dignity, etc.; above whatever is
low, mean, degrading, or dishonorable; magnanimous; as, a noble
nature or action; a noble heart.
Statues, with winding ivy crowned, belong To nobler poets for a
nobler song. Dryden.

2. Grand; stately; magnificent; splendid; as, a noble edifice.

3. Of exalted rank; of or pertaining to the nobility; distinguished
from the masses by birth, station, or title; highborn; as, noble
blood; a noble personage.

Note: Noble is used in the formation of self-explaining compounds;
as, noble-born, noble-hearted, noble-minded. Noble metals (Chem.),
silver, gold, and platinum; -- so called from their freedom from
oxidation and permanence in air. Copper, mercury, aluminium,
palladium, rhodium, iridium, and osmium are sometimes included.

Syn.
 -- Honorable; worthy; dignified; elevated; exalted; superior;
sublime; great; eminent; illustrious; renowned; stately; splendid;
magnificent; grand; magnanimous; generous; liberal; free.

NOBLE
No"ble, n.

1. A person of rank above a commoner; a nobleman; a peer.

2. An English money of account, and, formerly, a gold coin, of the
value of 6 s. 8 d. sterling, or about $1.61.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European fish; the lyrie.

NOBLE
No"ble, v. t.

Defn: To make noble; to ennoble. [Obs.]
Thou nobledest so far forth our nature. Chaucer.

NOBLEMAN
No"ble*man, n.; pl. Noblemen (.

Defn: One of the nobility; a noble; a peer; one who enjoys rank above
a commoner, either by virtue of birth, by office, or by patent.

NOBLE-MINDED
No"ble-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having a noble mind; honorable; magnanimous.
 -- No"ble-mind`ed*ness, n.

NOBLENESS
No"ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being noble; greatness; dignity;
magnanimity; elevation of mind, character, or station; nobility;
grandeur; stateliness.
His purposes are full honesty, nobleness, and integrity. Jer. Taylor.

NOBLESS; NOBLESSE
No*bless", No*blesse", n. Etym: [F. noblesse. See Noble.]

1. Dignity; greatness; noble birth or condition. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Spenser. B. Jonson.

2. The nobility; persons of noble rank collectively, including males
and females. Dryden.

NOBLEWOMAN
No"ble*wom`an, n.; pl. Noblewomen (.

Defn: A female of noble rank; a peeress.

NOBLEY
No"bley, n. Etym: [OF. nobleie.]

1. The body of nobles; the nobility. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Noble birth; nobility; dignity. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NOBLY
No"bly, adv.

1. Of noble extraction; as, nobly born or descended.

2. In a noble manner; with greatness of soul; heroically; with
magnanimity; as, a deed nobly done.

3. Splendidly; magnificently.

Syn.
 -- Illustriously; honorably; magnanimously; heroically; worthly;
eminently; grandly.

NOBODY
No"bod*y, n.; pl. Nobodies. Etym: [No, a. + body.]

1. No person; no one; not anybody.

2. Hence: A person of no influence or importance; an insignificant or
contemptible person. [Colloq.]

NOCAKE
No"cake, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. Indian nookhik meal. Palfrey.]

Defn: Indian corn parched, and beaten to powder, -- used for food by
the Northern American Indians.

NOCENT
No"cent, a. Etym: [L. nocens, p.pr. of nocere to hurt. See Nuisance,
Noxious.]

1. Doing hurt, or having a tendency to hurt; hurtful; mischievous;
noxious; as, nocent qualities. I. Watts.

2. Guilty; -- the opposite of innocent. [Obs.] Foxe.

NOCENT
No"cent, n.

Defn: A criminal. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

NOCENTLY
No"cent*ly, adv.

Defn: Hurtfully; injuriosly. [R.]

NOCIVE
No"cive, a. Etym: [L. nocivus, fr. nocere to hurt.]

Defn: Hurtful; injurious. [R.] Hooker.

NOCK
Nock, n. Etym: [See Notch.]

1. A notch.
He took his arrow by the nock. Chapman.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The upper fore corner of a boom sail or of a trysail.

NOCK
Nock, v. t.

Defn: To notch; to fit to the string, as an arrow; to string, as a
bow. Chapman.

NOCTAMBULATION
Noc*tam`bu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. nox, noctis, night + ambulare to
walk: cf. F. noctambulation.]

Defn: Somnambulism; walking in sleep. Quain.

NOCTAMBULISM
Noc*tam"bu*lism, n.

Defn: Somnambulism.

NOCTAMBULIST
Noc*tam"bu*list, n.

Defn: A somnambulist.

NOCTAMBULO
Noc*tam"bu*lo, n.

Defn: A noctambulist. [Obs.]

NOCTIDIAL
Noc*tid"i*al, a. Etym: [L. nox, noctos, night + dies day.]

Defn: Comprising a night and a day; a noctidial day. [R.] Holder.

NOCTIFEROUS
Noc*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. noctifer; nox, noctis + ferre to bring.]

Defn: Bringing night. [Obs.] Johnson.

NOCTILIONID
Noc*til"i*o*nid, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American bat of the genus Noctilio, having cheek
pouches and large incisor teeth.

NOCTILUCA
Noc`ti*lu"ca, n.; pl. NoctilucÆ. Etym: [L. noctiluca something that
shines by night, fr. nox, noctis, night + lucere to shine, lux
light.]

1. (Old Chem.)

Defn: That which shines at night; -- a fanciful name for phosphorus.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine flagellate Infusoria, remarkable for their
unusually large size and complex structure, as well as for their
phosphorescence. The brilliant diffuse phosphorescence of the sea is
often due to myriads of Noctilucæ.

NOCTILUCIN
Noc*ti*lu"cin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fatlike substance in certain marine animals, to which they
owe their phosphorescent properties.

NOCTILUCINE
Noc`ti*lu"cine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Noctiluca.

NOCTILUCOUS
Noc`ti*lu"cous, a.

Defn: Shining in the night.

NOCTIVAGANT
Noc*tiv"a*gant, a. Etym: [L. nox, noctis, night + vagans, p.pr. of
vagari to wander about.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Going about in the night; night-wandering.

NOCTIVAGATION
Noc*tiv`a*ga"tion, n.

Defn: A roving or going about in the night. Gayton.

NOCTIVAGOUS
Noc*tiv"a*gous, a. Etym: [L. noctivagus; nox, noctis + vagus
wandering.]

Defn: Noctivagant.

NOCTOGRAPH
Noc"to*graph, n. Etym: [L. nox, noctis, night + -graph.]

1. A kind of writing frame for the blind.

2. An instrument or register which records the presence of watchmen
on their beats. Knight.

NOCTUARY
Noc"tu*a*ry, n. Etym: [L. noctu by night.]

Defn: A record of what passes in the night; a nightly journal; --
distinguished from diary. [R.] Addison.

NOCTUID
Noc"tu*id, n. Etym: [From L. nox, noctis, night.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous moths of the family Noctuidæ, or
Noctuælitæ, as the cutworm moths, and armyworm moths; -- so called
because they fly at night.
 -- a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the noctuids, or family Noctuidæ.

NOCTULE
Noc"tule, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. noctua a night owl, fr. nox, noctis,
night.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large European bat (Vespertilio, or Noctulina, altivolans).

NOCTURN
Noc"turn, n. Etym: [F. nocturne, fr. L. nocturnus. See Nocturnal, and
cf. Nocturne.]

1. An office of devotion, or act of religious service, by night.

2. One of the portions into which the Psalter was divided, each
consisting of nine psalms, designed to be used at a night service.
Hook.

NOCTURNAL
Noc*tur"nal, a. Etym: [L. nocturnalis, nocturnus, fr. nox, noctis,
night. See Night, and cf. Nocturn.]

1. Of, pertaining to, done or occuring in, the night; as, nocturnal
darkness, cries, expedition, etc.; -- opposed to Ant: diurnal.
Dryden.

2. Having a habit of seeking food or moving about at night; as,
nocturnal birds and insects.

NOCTURNAL
Noc*tur"nal, n.

Defn: An instrument formerly used for taking the altitude of the
stars, etc., at sea. I. Watts.

NOCTURNALLY
Noc*tur"nal*ly, adv.

Defn: By night; nightly.

NOCTURNE
Noc*turne", n. Etym: [F. See Nocturn.] (Mus.)

Defn: A night piece, or serenade. The name is now used for a certain
graceful and expressive form of instrumental composition, as the
nocturne for orchestra in Mendelsohn's "Midsummer-Night's Dream"
music.

NOCUMENT
Noc"u*ment, n. Etym: [LL. nocumentum, fr. L. nocere to hurt.]

Defn: Harm; injury; detriment. [Obs.]

NOCUOUS
Noc"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. nocuus, fr. nocere to hurt.]

Defn: Hurtful; noxious. [R.] -- Noc"u*ous*ly, adv. [R.]

NOD
Nod, v. i. Etym: [OE. nodden; cf. OHG. kn, genuot, to shake, and E.
nudge.]

1. To bend or incline the upper part, with a quick motion; as,
nodding plumes.

2. To incline the head with a quick motion; to make a slight bow; to
make a motion of assent, of salutation, or of drowsiness, with the
head; as, to nod at one.

3. To be drowsy or dull; to be careless.
Nor is it Homer nods, but we that dream. Pope.

NOD
Nod, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nodded; p. pr. & vb. n. Nodding.]

1. To incline or bend, as the head or top; to make a motion of
assent, of salutation, or of drowsiness with; as, to nod the head.

2. To signify by a nod; as, to nod approbation.

3. To cause to bend. [Poetic]
By every wind that nods the mountain pine. Keats.

NOD
Nod, n.

1. A dropping or bending forward of the upper oart or top of
anything.
Like a drunken sailor on a mast, Ready with every nod to tumble down.
Shak.

2. A quick or slight downward or forward motion of the head, in
assent, in familiar salutation, in drowsiness, or in giving a signal,
or a command.
A look or a nod only ought to correct them [the children] when they
do amiss. Locke.
Nations obey my word and wait my nod. Prior.
The land of Nod, sleep.

NODAL
Nod"al, a.

Defn: Of the nature of, or relating to, a node; as, a nodal point.
Nodal line, Nodal point, in a vibrating plate or cord, that line or
point which remains at rest while the other parts of the body are in
a state of vibration.

NODATED
No"da*ted, a. Etym: [L. nodatus, p.p. of nodare to make knotty, fr.
nodus knot. See Node.]

Defn: Knotted. Nodated hyperbola (Geom.), a certain curve of the
third order having two branches which cross each other, forming a
node.

NODATION
No*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. nodatio knottiness.]

Defn: Act of making a knot, or state of being knotted. [R.]

NODDER
Nod"der, n.

Defn: One who nods; a drowsy person.

NODDING
Nod"ding, a.

Defn: Curved so that the apex hangs down; having the top bent
downward.

NODDLE
Nod"dle, n. Etym: [OE. nodil, nodle; perh. fr. nod, because the head
is the nodding part of the body, or perh. akin to E. knot; cf. Prov.
E. nod the nape of the neck.]

1. The head; -- used jocosely or contemptuously.
Come, master, I have a project in my noddle. L'Estrange.

2. The back part of the head or neck. [Obs.]
For occasion ... turneth a bald noddle, after she hath presented her
locks in front, and no hold taken. Bacon.

NODDY
Nod"dy, n.; pl. Noddies. Etym: [Prob. fr. nod to incline the head,
either as in assent, or from drowsiness.]

1. A simpleton; a fool. L'Estrange.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any tern of the genus Anous, as A. stolidus.
(b) The arctic fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis). Sometimes also applied to
other sea birds.

3. An old game at cards. Halliwell.

4. A small two-wheeled one-horse vehicle.

5. An inverted pendulum consisting of a short vertical flat spring
which supports a rod having a bob at the top; -- used for detecting
and measuring slight horizontal vibrations of a body to which it is
attached.

NODE
Node, n. Etym: [L. nodus; perh. akin to E. knot. Cf. Noose, Nowed.]

1. A knot, a knob; a protuberance; a swelling.

2. Specifically:
(a) (Astron.) One of the two points where the orbit of a planet, or
comet, intersects the ecliptic, or the orbit of a satellite
intersects the plane of the orbit of its primary.
(b) (Bot.) The joint of a stem, or the part where a leaf or several
leaves are inserted.
(c) (Dialing) A hole in the gnomon of a dial, through which passes
the ray of light which marks the hour of the day, the parallels of
the sun's declination, his place in the ecliptic, etc.
(d) (Geom.) The point at which a curve crosses itself, being a double
point of the curve. See Crunode, and Acnode.
(e) (Mech.) The point at which the lines of a funicular machine meet
from different angular directions; -- called also knot. W. R.
Johnson.
(f) (poet.) The knot, intrigue, or plot of a piece.
(g) (Med.) A hard concretion or incrustation which forms upon bones
attacked with rheumatism, gout, or syphilis; sometimes also, a
swelling in the neighborhood of a joint. Dunglison.
(h) (Mus) One of the fixed points of a sonorous string, when it
vibrates by aliquot parts, and produces the harmonic tones; nodal
line or point.
(i) (Zoöl.) A swelling. Ascending node (Astron.), the node at which
the body is passing northerly, marked with the symbol &astascending;,
called the Dragon's head. Called also northern node.
 -- Descending node, the node at which the body is moving
southwardly, marked thus &astdescending;, called Dragon's tail.
 -- Line of nodes, a straight line joining the two nodes of an orbit.

NODICAL
Nod"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the nodes; from a node to the same node
again; as, the nodical revolutions of the moon. Nodical month. See
Lunar month, under Month.

NODOSARINE
No`do*sa"rine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling in form or structure a foraminiferous shell of the
genus Nodosaria.
 -- n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A foraminifer of the genus Nodosaria or of an allied genus.

NODOSE
No*dose", a. Etym: [L. nodosus, fr. nodus knot.]

1. Knotty; having numerous or conspicuous nodes.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having nodes or prominences; having the alternate joints
enlarged, as the antennæ of certain insects.

NODOSITY
No*dos"i*ty (, n. Etym: [L. nodositas.]

1. The quality of being knotty or nodose; resemblance to a node or
swelling; knottiness. Holland.

2. A knot; a node.

NODOSOUS; NODOUS
No*do"sous, No"dous, a.

Defn: Nodose; knotty; knotted. [Obs.]

NODULAR
Nod"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. nodulaire.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or in the form of, a nodule or knot.

NODULE
Nod"ule, n. Etym: [L. nodulus, dim. of nodus knot: cf. F. nodule.]

Defn: A rounded mass or irregular shape; a little knot or lump.

NODULED
Nod"uled, a.

Defn: Having little knots or lumps.

NODULOSE; NODULOUS
Nod"u*lose`, Nod"u*lous, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Having small nodes or knots; diminutively nodose.

NOEL
No"el, n. Etym: [F. noël, L. natalis birthday, fr. natalis natal. See
Natal.]

Defn: Same as Nowel.

NOEMATACHOGRAPH
No*e`ma*tach"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for determining and registering the duration of
more or less complex operations of the mind. Dunglison.

NOEMATIC; NOEMATICAL
No`e*mat"ic, No`e*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Noetic.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the understanding. [Obs.] Cudworth.

NOEMICS
No*e"mics, n. Etym: [Gr. Noetic.]

Defn: The science of the understanding; intellectual science.

NOETIAN
No*e"tian, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of the followers of Noetus, who lived in the third century.
He denied the distinct personality of the Father, Son, and Holy
Ghost.

NOETIC; NOETICAL
No*et"ic, No*et"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the intellect; intellectual.
I would employ the word noetic to express all those cognitions which
originate in the mind itself. Sir W. Hamilton.

NOF
Nof. Etym: [Contr. fr. ne of.]

Defn: Not of; nor of. [Obs.]

NOG
Nog, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. noggin.]

1. A noggin.

2. A kind of strong ale. Halliwell.

NOG
Nog, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

1. A wooden block, of the size of a brick, built into a wall, as a
hold for the nails of woodwork.

2. One of the square logs of wood used in a pile to support the roof
of a mine.

3. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A treenail to fasten the shores.

NOG
Nog, v. t. Etym: [From 2d Nog.]

1. To fill in, as between scantling, with brickwork.

2. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: To fasten, as shores, with treenails.

NOGGEN
Nog"gen, a. Etym: [Prop., made of hemp, fr. Prov. E. nogs hemp.]

Defn: Made of hemp; hence, hard; rough; harsh. [Obs.] Johnson.

NOGGIN
Nog"gin, n. Etym: [Ir. noigin, or Gael. noigean. Cf. lst Nog.]

1. A small mug or cup.

2. A measure equivalent to a gill. [Prov. Eng.]

NOGGING
Nog"ging, n. Etym: [From Nog, v. t.]

Defn: Rough brick masonry used to fill in the interstices of a wooden
frame, in building.

NOGHT
Noght, adv.

Defn: Not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NOIANCE
Noi"ance, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. OE. anoiance.] [Written also
noyance.]

Defn: Annoyance. [Obs.] Tusser.

NOIE
Noie, v. t.

Defn: To annoy. See Noy. [Obs.]

NOIER
Noi"er, n.

Defn: An annoyer. [Obs.] Tusser.

NOIL
Noil, n. [Prob. fr. Prov. E. oil, ile, ail, a beard of grain (OE.
eil, AS. egl) combined with the indef. article, an oil becoming a
noil.]

Defn: A short or waste piece or knot of wool separated from the
longer staple by combing; also, a similar piece or shred of waste
silk.

NOILS
Noils, n. pl. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Waste and knots of wool removed by the comb; combings.

NOINT
Noint, v. t.

Defn: To anoint. [Obs.] Sir T. North.

NOIOUS
Noi"ous, a.

Defn: Annoying; troublesome. [Obs.]

NOISE
Noise, n. Etym: [F. noise noisy strife, quarrel, brawl, fr. L. nausea
seasickness, sickness, disgust. See Nausea.]

1. Sound of any kind.
The heavens turn about in a most rapid motion without noise to us
perceived. Bacon.

Note: Noise is either a sound of too short a duration to be
determined, like the report of a cannon; or else it is a confused
mixture of many discordant sounds, like the rolling of thunder or the
noise of the waves. Nevertheless, the difference between sound and
noise is by no means precise. Ganot.

2. Especially, loud, confused, or senseless sound; clamor; din.

3. Loud or continuous talk; general talk or discussion; rumor;
report. "The noise goes." Shak.
What noise have we had about transplantation of diseases and
transfusion of blood! T. Baker.
Soerates lived in Athens during the great plague which has made so
much noise in all ages. Spectator.

4. Music, in general; a concert; also, a company of musicians; a
band. [Obs.] Milton.
The king has his noise of gypsies. B. Jonson.

Syn.
 -- Cry; outcry; clamor; din; clatter; uproar.

NOISE
Noise, v. i.

Defn: To sound; to make a noise. Milton.

NOISE
Noise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Noised; p pr. & vb. n. Noising.]

1. To spread by rumor or report.
All these sayings were noised abroad. Luke i. 65.

2. To disturb with noise. [Obs.] Dryden.

NOISEFUL
Noise"ful, a.

Defn: Loud; clamorous. [Obs.] Dryden.

NOISELESS
Noise"less, a.

Defn: Making, or causing, no noise or bustle; without noise; silent;
as, the noiseless foot of time.
So noiseless would I live. Dryden.
-- Noise"less*ly, adv.
 -- Noise"less*ness, n.

NOISETTE
Noi*sette", n. (Bot.)

Defn: A hybrid rose produced in 1817, by a French gardener, Noisette,
of Charleston, South Carolina, from the China rose and the musk rose.
It has given rise to many fine varieties, as the Lamarque, the
Marechal (or Marshal) Niel, and the Cloth of gold. Most roses of this
class have clustered flowers and are of vigorous growth. P.
Henderson.

NOISILY
Nois"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a noisy manner.

NOISINESS
Nois"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being noisy.

NOISOME
Noi"some, a. Etym: [For noysome, fr. noy for annoy. See Annoy.]

1. Noxious to health; hurtful; mischievous; unwholesome;
insalubrious; destructive; as, noisome effluvia. "Noisome
pestilence." Ps. xci. 3.

2. Offensive to the smell or other senses; disgusting; fetid. "Foul
breath is noisome." Shak.
 -- Noi"some*ly, adv.
 -- Noi"some*ness, n.

Syn.
 -- Noxious; unwholesome; insalubrious; mischievous; destructive.
 -- Noisome, Noxious. These words have to a great extent been
interchanged; but there is a tendency to make a distinction between
them, applying noxious to things that inflict evil directly; as, a
noxious plant, noxious practices, etc., and noisome to things that
operate with a remoter influence; as, noisome vapors, a noisome
pestilence, etc. Noisome has the additional sense of disqusting. A
garden may be free from noxious weeds or animals; but, if recently
covered with manure, it may be filled with a noisome smell.

NOISY
Nois"y, a. [Compar. Noisier; superl. Noisiest.] Etym: [From Noise.]

1. Making a noise, esp. a loud sound; clamorous; vociferous;
turbulent; boisterous; as, the noisy crowd.

2. Full of noise. "The noisy town." Dryden.

NOLDE
Nol"de. Etym: [Contr. fr. ne wolde.]

Defn: Would not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NOLE
Nole, n. Etym: [See Noll.]

Defn: The head. [Obs.] Shak.

NOLI-ME-TANGERE
No"li-me-tan"ge*re, n. Etym: [L., touch me not.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) Any plant of a genus of herbs (Impatiens) having capsules which,
if touched when ripe, discharge their seeds.
 -- See Impatiens.
(b) The squirting cucumber. See under Cucumber.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A name formerly applied to several varieties of ulcerous
cutaneous diseases, but now restricted to Lupus exedens, an
ulcerative affection of the nose.

NOLITION
No*li"tion, n. Etym: [L. nolle not to will, to be unwilling; ne +
velle to will, to be willing.]

Defn: Adverse action of will; unwillingness; -- opposed to Ant:
volition.
A nolition and a direct enmity against the lust. Jer. Taylor.

NOLL
Noll, n. Etym: [OE. nol, AS. hnoll top; akin to OHG. hnol top, head.]

Defn: The head; the noddle. [Obs.]

NOLLEITY
Nol*le"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. nolle to be unwilling.]

Defn: The state of being unwilling; nolition. [R.]

NOLLE PROSEQUI
Nol"le pros"e*qui. Etym: [L., to be unwilling to prosecute.] (Law)

Defn: Will not prosecute; -- an entry on the record, denoting that a
plaintiff discontinues his suit, or the attorney for the public a
prosecution; either wholly, or as to some count, or as to some of
several defendants.

NOLO CONTENDERE
No"lo con*ten"de*re. Etym: [L., I do not wish to contend.] (Law)

Defn: A plea, by the defendant, in a criminal prosecution, which,
without admitting guilt, subjects him to all the consequences of a
plea of quilty.

NOL. PROS.; NOL PROS
Nol. pros.

Defn: An abbrev. of Nolle prosequi.

NOL-PROS
Nol`-pros", v. t. [imp. & p. p. -prossed; p. pr. & vb. n. -prossing.]

Defn: To discontinue by entering a nolle prosequi; to decline to
prosecute.

NOLT
Nolt, n. sing. & pl.

Defn: Neat cattle. [Prov. Eng.]

NOM
Nom, n. Etym: [F. See Noun.]

Defn: Name. Nom de guerre (, literally, war name; hence, a fictitious
name, or one assumed for a time.
 -- Nom de plume (, literally, pen name; hence, a name assumed by an
author as his or her signature.

NOMA
No"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Name.] (Med.)

Defn: See Canker, n., 1.

NOMAD
Nom"ad, n. Etym: [L. nomas, -adis, Gr. niman to take, and E. nimble:
cf. F. nomade. Cf. Astronomy, Economy, Nimble, Nemesis, Numb,
Number.]

Defn: One of a race or tribe that has no fixed location, but wanders
from place to place in search of pasture or game.

NOMAD
Nom"ad, a.

Defn: Roving; nomadic.

NOMADE
Nom"ade, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Nomad, n.

NOMADIAN
No*ma"di*an, n.

Defn: A nomad. [R.]

NOMADIC
No*mad"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Nomad.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to nomads, or their way of life; wandering;
moving from place to place for subsistence; as, a nomadic tribe.
 -- No*mad"ic*al*ly, adv.

NOMADISM
Nom"ad*ism, n.

Defn: The state of being a nomad.

NOMADIZE
Nom"ad*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nomadized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Nomadizing.]

Defn: To lead the life of a nomad; to wander with flocks and herds
for the sake of finding pasturage.
The Vogules nomadize chiefly about the Rivers Irtish, Obi, Kama, and
Volga. W. Tooke.

NOMANCY
No"man*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. nomancie, nomance, abbrev. fr. onomancie.
See Onomancy.]

Defn: The art or practice of divining the destiny of persons by the
letters which form their names.

NO-MAN'S LAND
No"-man's` land`.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A space amidships used to keep blocks, ropes, etc.; a space on
a ship belonging to no one in particular to care for.

2. Fig.: An unclaimed space or time.
That no-man's land of twilight. W. Black.

NOMARCH
Nom"arch, n. Etym: [Gr. -arch.]

Defn: The chief magistrate of a nome or nomarchy.

NOMARCHY
Nom"arch*y, n.; pl. Nomarchies (.

Defn: A province or territorial division of a kingdom, under the rule
of a nomarch, as in modern Greece; a nome.

NOMBLES
Nom"bles, n. pl. Etym: [F. nombles, fr. L. lumbulus, dim. of lumbus a
loin. Cf. Numbles, Umbles, Humbles.]

Defn: The entrails of a deer; the umbles. [Written also numbles.]
Johnson.

NOMBRIL
Nom"bril, n. Etym: [F. nombril, for OF. lombril, i. e., ombril, with
the article, a dim. fr. L. umbilicus the navel. See Navel.] (Her.)

Defn: A point halfway between the fess point and the middle base
point of an escutcheon; -- called also navel point. See Escutcheon.

NOME
Nome, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A province or political division, as of modern Greece or ancient
Egypt; a nomarchy.

2. Any melody determined by inviolable rules. [Obs.]

NOME
Nome, n. Etym: [Cf. Binomial.] (Alg.) [Obs.]

Defn: See Term.

NOME; NOMEN
Nome, No"men, obs. p. p.

Defn: of Nim. Chaucer.

NOMENCLATOR
No"men*cla`tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. nomen name + calare to call. See
Name, and Calendar.]

1. One who calls persons or things by their names.

Note: In Rome, candidates for office were attended each by a
nomenclator, who informed the candidate of the names of the persons
whom they met and whose votes it was desirable to solicit.

2. One who gives names to things, or who settles and adjusts the
nomenclature of any art or science; also, a list or vocabulary of
technical names.

NOMENCLATRESS
No"men*cla`tress, n.

Defn: A female nomenclator.

NOMENCLATURAL
No`men*cla"tur*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining or according to a nomenclature.

NOMENCLATURE
No"men*cla`ture, n. Etym: [L. nomenclatura: cf. F. nomenclature. See
Nomenclator.]

1. A name. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. A vocabulary, dictionary, or glossary. [R.]

3. The technical names used in any particular branch of science or
art, or by any school or individual; as, the nomenclature of botany
or of chemistry; the nomenclature of Lavoisier and his associates.

NOMIAL
No"mi*al, n. Etym: [Cf. Binomial.] (Alg.)

Defn: A name or term.

NOMIC
Nom"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Customary; ordinary; -- applied to the usual English spelling,
in distinction from strictly phonetic methods. H Sweet.
 -- n.

Defn: Nomic spelling. A. J. Ellis.

NOMINAL
Nom"i*nal, a. Etym: [L. nominalis, fr. nomen, nominis, name. See
Name.]

1. Of or pertaining to a name or names; having to do with the literal
meaning of a word; verbal; as, a nominal definition. Bp. Pearson.

2. Existing in name only; not real; as, a nominal difference.
"Nominal attendance on lectures." Macaulay.

NOMINAL
Nom"i*nal, n.

1. A nominalist. [Obs.] Camden.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A verb formed from a noun.

3. A name; an appellation.
A is the nominal of the sixth note in the natural diatonic scale.
Moore (Encyc. of Music. )

NOMINALISM
Nom"i*nal*ism, n.

Defn: The principles or philosophy of the Nominalists.

NOMINALIST
Nom"i*nal*ist, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: One of a sect of philosophers in the Middle Ages, who adopted
the opinion of Roscelin, that general conceptions, or universals,
exist in name only. Reid.

NOMINALISTIC
Nom`i*nal*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Nominalists.

NOMINALIZE
Nom"i*nal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To convert into a noun. [Obs.]

NOMINALLY
Nom"i*nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a nominal manner; by name; in name only; not in reality.
Burke.

NOMINATE
Nom"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nominated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Nominating.] Etym: [L. nominatus, p. p. of nominare to nominate, fr.
nomen name. See Name.]

1. To mention by name; to name. [Obs.]
To nominate them all, it is impossible. Shak.

2. To call; to entitle; to denominate. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. To set down in express terms; to state. [Obs.]
Is it so noiminated in the bond Shak.

4. To name, or designate by name, for an office or place; to appoint;
esp., to name as a candidate for an election, choice, or appointment;
to propose by name, or offer the name of, as a candidate for an
office or place.

NOMINATELY
Nom"i*nate*ly, adv.

Defn: By name; particularly; namely. [Obs.] Spelman.

NOMINATION
Nom`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. nominatio: cf. F. nomination.]

1. The act of naming or nominating; designation of a person as a
candidate for office; the power of nominating; the state of being
nominated.
The nomination of persons to places being . . . a flower of his
crown, he would reserve to himself. Clarendon.

2. The denomination, or name. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

NOMINATIVAL
Nom`i*na*ti"val, a. (Gram.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the nominative case.

NOMINATIVE
Nom"i*na*tive, a. Etym: [L. nominativus belonging to a name,
nominative.] (Gram.)

Defn: Giving a name; naming; designating; -- said of that case or
form of a noun which stands as the subject of a finite verb.
 -- n.

Defn: The nominative case.

NOMINATIVELY
Nom"i*na*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a nominative; as a nominative.

NOMINATOR
Nom"i*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who nominates.

NOMINEE
Nom`i*nee", n. Etym: [See Nominate, and -ee.]

Defn: A person named, or designated, by another, to any office, duty,
or position; one nominated, or proposed, by others for office or for
election to office.

NOMINOR
Nom"i*nor`, n. Etym: [See Nominate, and -or.]

Defn: A nominator. [Obs.] Bentham.

NOMOCRACY
No*moc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -cracy, as in democracy.]

Defn: Government in accordance with a system of law. Milman.

NOMOGRAPHY
No*mog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A treatise on laws; an exposition of the form proper for laws.

NOMOLOGY
No*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

1. The science of law; legislation.

2. The science of the laws of the mind; rational psychology. Sir W.
Hamilton.

NOMOPELMOUS
Nom`o*pel"mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a separate and simple tendon to flex the first toe, or
hallux, as do passerine birds.

NOMOTHETE
Nom"o*thete, n. Etym: [Gr. nomothète.]

Defn: A lawgiver. [R.]

NOMOTHETIC; NOMOTHETICAL
Nom`o*thet"ic, Nom`o*thet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Legislative; enacting laws; as, a nomothetical power. [R.] Bp.
Barlow.

NON
Non, a.

Defn: No; not. See No, a. Chaucer.

NON-
Non-. Etym: [L. non, OL. noenu, noenum, fr. neoenum, lit., not one.
See None.]

Defn: A prefix used in the sense of not; un-; in-; as in
nonattention, or non-attention, nonconformity, nonmetallic, nonsuit.

Note: The prefix non- may be joined to the leading word by means of a
hyphen, or, in most cases, the hyphen may be dispensed with. The list
of words having the prefix non- could easily be lengthened.

NONABILITY
Non`a*bil"i*ty, n.

1. Want of ability.

2. (Law)

Defn: An exception taken against a plaintiff in a cause, when he is
unable legally to commence a suit.

NONACCEPTANCE
Non`ac*cept"ance, n.

Defn: A neglect or refusal to accept.

NONACID
Non*ac"id, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Destitute of acid properties; hence, basic; metallic; positive;
-- said of certain atoms and radicals.

NONACQUAINTANCE
Non`ac*quaint"ance, n.

Defn: Want of acquaintance; the state of being unacquainted.

NONACQUIESCENCE
Non*ac`qui*es"cence, n.

Defn: Refusal of acquiescence; failure to yield or comply.

NONADMISSION
Non`ad*mis"sion, n.

Defn: Failure to be admitted.

NONADULT
Non`a*dult", a.

Defn: Not adult; immature.

NONAEROBIOTIC
Non*a`ër*o*bi*ot"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Capable of living without atmospheric oxygen; anaërobiotic.

NONAGE
Non"age, n. Etym: [LL. nonagium, from L. nonus ninth, novem nine.]
(Eccl.)

Defn: The ninth part of movable goods, formerly payable to the clergy
on the death of persons in their parishes. Mozley & W.

NONAGE
Non"age, n. Etym: [Pref. non- + age.]

Defn: Time of life before a person becomes of age; legal immaturity;
minority.
The human mind . . . was still in its nonage. Coleridge.

NONAGED
Non"aged, a.

Defn: Having the quality of nonage; being a minor; immature. W.
Browne.

NONAGENARIAN
Non`a*ge*na"ri*an, n. Etym: [L. nonagenarius containing, or
consisting of, ninety, fr. nonageni ninety each; akin to novem nine.]

Defn: A person ninety years old.

NONAGESIMAL
Non`a*ges"i*mal, a. Etym: [L. nonagesimus the ninetieth. See
Nonagenarian.] (Astron.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ninetieth degree or to a nonagesimal.

NONAGESIMAL
Non`a*ges"i*mal, n. (Astron.)

Defn: The middle or highest point of the part of the ecliptic which
is at any given moment above the horizon. It is the ninetieth degree
of the ecliptic, reckoned from the points in which it is intersected
by the horizon.

NONAGON
Non"a*gon, n. Etym: [L. nonus ninth + Gr. (Math.)

Defn: A figure or polygon having nine sides and nine angles.

NONAGRIAN
Non*a"gri*an, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any moth of the genus Nonagria and allied genera, as the
spindleworm and stalk borer.

NONALIENATION
Non*al`ien*a"tion, n.

Defn: Failure to alienate; also, the state of not being alienated.

NONANE
Non"ane, n. Etym: [L. nonus ninth.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a group of metameric hydrocarbons C9H20 of the paraffin
series; -- so called because of the nine carbon atoms in the
molecule. Normal nonane is a colorless volatile liquid, an ingredient
of ordinary kerosene.

NONAPPEARANCE
Non`ap*pear"ance, n.

Defn: Default of apperance, as in court, to prosecute or defend;
failure to appear.

NONAPPOINTMENT
Non`ap*point"ment, n.

Defn: Neglect of making appointment; failure to receive an
appointment.

NONARRIVAL
Non`ar*riv"al, n.

Defn: Failure to arrive.

NON ASSUMPSIT
Non` as*sump"sit. Etym: [L., he did not undertake.] (Law)

Defn: The general plea or denial in an action of assumpsit.

NONATTENDANCE
Non`at*tend"ance, n.

Defn: A failure to attend; omission of attendance; nonappearance.

NONATTENTION
Non`at*ten"tion, n.

Defn: Inattention.

NONBITUMINOUS
Non`bi*tu"mi*nous, a.

Defn: Containing no bitumen; not bituminous.

NONCE
Nonce, n. Etym: [For the nonce, OE. for the nones, a corruption of
for then ones, where n. in then is a relic of AS. m in , dat. of the
article and demonstrative pronoun, E. the. See For, Once, and The.]

Defn: The one or single occasion; the present call or purpose; --
chiefly used in the phrase for the nonce.
The miller was a stout carl for the nones. Chaucer.
And that he calls for drink, I 'll have prepared him A chalice for
the nonce. Shak.
Nonce word, "a word apparently employed only for the nonce". Murray
(New English Dict. ).

NONCHALANCE
Non`cha`lance", n. Etym: [F. See Nonchalant.]

Defn: Indifference; carelessness; coolness.

NONCHALANT
Non`cha`lant", a. Etym: [F., fr. non not (L. non) + chaloir to
concern one's self for, fr. L. calere to be warm, to be inflamed with
desire, to be troubled. See Non-, and Caldron.]

Defn: Indifferent; careless; cool.

NONCHALANTLY
Non"cha*lant`ly, adv.

Defn: In a nonchalant, indifferent, or careless manner; coolly.

NONCLAIM
Non"claim`, n.

Defn: A failure to make claim within the time limited by law;
omission of claim.

NONCOHESION
Non`co*he"sion, n.

Defn: Want of cohesion.

NONCOINCIDENCE
Non`co*in"ci*dence, n.

Defn: Lack of coincidence.

NONCOINCIDENT
Non`co*in"ci*dent, a.

Defn: Not coincident.

NONCOMBATANT
Non*com"bat*ant, n. (Mil.)

Defn: Any person connected with an army, or within the lines of an
army, who does not make it his business to fight, as any one of the
medical officers and their assistants, chaplains, and others; also,
any of the citizens of a place occupied by an army; also, any one
holding a similar position with respect to the navy.

NONCOMMISSIONED
Non`com*mis"sioned, a.

Defn: Not having a commission. Noncommissioned officer (Mil.), a
subordinate officer not appointed by a commission from the chief
executive or supreme authority of the State; but by the Secretary of
War or by the commanding officer of the regiment.

NONCOMMITTAL
Non`com*mit"tal, n.

Defn: A state of not being committed or pledged; forbearance or
refusal to commit one's self. Also used adjectively.

NONCOMMUNION
Non`com*mun"ion, n.

Defn: Neglect or failure of communion.

NONCOMPLETION
Non`com*ple"tion, n.

Defn: Lack of completion; failure to complete.

NONCOMPLIANCE
Non`com*pli"ance, n.

Defn: Neglect of compliance; failure to comply.

NONCOMPLYING
Non`com*ply"ing, a.

Defn: Neglecting or refusing to comply.

NON COMPOS; NON COMPOS MENTIS
Non com"pos. Non com"pos men"tis.Etym: [L.]

Defn: Not of sound mind; not having the regular use of reason; hence,
also, as a noun, an idiot; a lunati

NONCON.
Non"con. (, n.

Defn: See Noncontent.

NONCONCLUDING
Non`con*clud"ing, a.

Defn: Not concluding.

NONCONCUR
Non`con*cur", v. i.

Defn: To dissent or refuse to concur.

NONCONCURRENCE
Non`con*cur"rence, n.

Defn: Refusal to concur.

NONCONDENSIBLE
Non`con*den"si*ble, a.

Defn: Not condensible; incapable of being liquefied; -- said of
gases.

NONCONDENSING
Non`con*dens"ing, a. (Steam Engine)

Defn: Not condensing; discharging the steam from the cylinder at a
pressure nearly equal to or above that of the atmosphere and not into
a condenser.

NONCONDUCTING
Non`con*duct"ing, a.

Defn: Not conducting; not transmitting a fluid or force; thus, in
electricity, wax is a nonconducting substance.

NONCONDUCTION
Non`con*duc"tion, n.

Defn: The quality of not being able to conduct or transmit; failure
to conduct.

NONCONDUCTOR
Non`con*duct"or, n. (Physics)

Defn: A substance which does not conduct, that is, convey or
transmit, heat, electricity, sound, vibration, or the like, or which
transmits them with difficulty; an insulator; as, wool is a
nonconductor of heat; glass and dry wood are nonconductors of
electricity.

NONCONFORMING
Non`con*form"ing, a.

Defn: Not conforming; declining conformity; especially, not
conforming to the established church of a country.

NONCONFORMIST
Non`con*form"ist, n.

Defn: One who does not conform to an established church; especially,
one who does not conform to the established church of England; a
dissenter.

NONCONFORMITY
Non*con*form"i*ty, n.

Defn: Neglect or failure of conformity; especially, in England, the
neglect or refusal to unite with the established church in its rites
and modes of worship.

NONCONSTAT
Non`con"stat, n. Etym: [Law L.]

Defn: It does not appear; it is not plain or clear; it does not
follow.

NONCONTAGIOUS
Non`con*ta"gious, a.

Defn: Not contagious; not catching; not communicable by contact.
 -- Non`con*ta"gious*ness, n.

NONCONTENT
Non`con*tent", n. (British House of Lords)

Defn: One who gives a negative vote; -- sometimes abridged into
noncon. or non con.

NONCONTRIBUTING; NONCONTRIBUTORY
Non`con*trib"u*ting, Non`con*trib"u*to*ry, a.

Defn: Not contributing.

NONDA
Non"da, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The edible plumlike fruit of the Australian tree, Parinarium
Nonda.

NONDECANE
Non*dec"ane, n. Etym: [L. nonus ninth + decem ten.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon of the paraffin series, a white waxy substance,
C19H40; -- so called from the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.

NONDECIDUATE
Non`de*cid"u*ate, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Characterized by the absence of a decidua; indeciduate.

NONDELIVERY
Non`de*liv"er*y, n.

Defn: A neglect or failure of delivery; omission of delivery.

NONDEPOSITION
Non*dep`o*si"tion, n.

Defn: A failure to deposit or throw down.

NONDESCRIPT
Non"de*script, a. Etym: [Pref. non- + L. descriptus described.]

Defn: Not hitherto described; novel; hence, odd; abnormal;
unclassifiable.

NONDESCRIPT
Non"de*script, n.

Defn: A thing not yet described; that of which no account or
explanation has been given; something abnormal, or hardly
classifiable.

NONDEVELOPMENT
Non`de*vel"op*ment, n.

Defn: Failure or lack of development.

NONDISCOVERY
Non`dis*cov"er*y, n.

Defn: Want or failure of discovery.

NONDO
Non"do, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A coarse umbelliferous plant (Ligusticum actæifolium) with a
large aromatic root. It is found chiefly in the Alleghany region.
Also called Angelico.

NONE
None, a. & pron. Etym: [OE. none, non, nan, no, na, AS. nan, fr. ne
not + an one. No, a. & adv., One, and cf. Non-, Null, a.]

1. No one; not one; not anything; -- frequently used also
partitively, or as a plural, not any.
There is none that doeth good; no, not one. Ps. xiv. 3.
Six days ye shall gather it, but on the seventh day, which is the
Sabbath, in it there shall be none. Ex. xvi. 26.
Terms of peace yet none Vouchsafed or sought. Milton.
None of their productions are extant. Blair.

2. No; not any; -- used adjectively before a vowel, in old style; as,
thou shalt have none assurance of thy life. None of, not at all; not;
nothing of; -- used emphatically. "They knew that I was none of the
register that entered their admissions in the universities." Fuller.
 -- None-so-pretty (Bot.), the Saxifraga umbrosa. See London pride
(a), under London.

NONE
None, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Same as Nones, 2.

NONEFFECTIVE
Non`ef*fect"ive, a.

1. Not effective.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: Not fit or available for duty.

NON-EGO
Non-e"go, n. Etym: [L., not I.] (Metaph.)

Defn: The union of being and relation as distinguished from, and
contrasted with, the ego. See Ego.

NONELASTIC
Non`e*las"tic, a.

Defn: Not having elasticity.

NONELECT
Non`e*lect", n. sing. & pl. (Theol.)

Defn: A person or persons not elected, or chosen, to salvation.

NONELECTION
Non`e*lec"tion, n.

Defn: Failure of election.

NONELECTRIC; NONELECTRICAL
Non`e*lec"tric, Non`e*lec"tric*al, a.

Defn: Not electric; conducting electricity.

NONELECTRIC
Non`e*lec"tric, n. (Physics)

Defn: A substance that is not an electric; that which transmits
electricity, as a metal.

NONEMPHATIC; NONEMPHATICAL
Non`em*phat"ic, Non`em*phat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Having no emphasis; unemphatic.

NONENTITY
Non*en"ti*ty, n.; pl. Nonentities (.

1. Nonexistence; the negation of being.

2. A thing not existing. South.

3. A person or thing of little or no account. [Colloq.]

NON-EPISCOPAL
Non`-E*pis"co*pal, a.

Defn: Not Episcopal; not pertaining to the Episcopal church or
system.

NONES
Nones, n. pl. Etym: [L. nonae, so called because it was the ninth day
before the ides, fr. nonus ninth, from novem nine. See Nine, Nones,
2, Noon .]

1. (Roman Cal.)

Defn: The fifth day of the months January, February, April, June,
August, September, November, and December, and the seventh day of
March, May, July, and October. The nones were nine days before the
ides, reckoning inclusively, according to the Roman method.

2. Etym: [F. none, fr. L. See Noon.]

Defn: The canonical office, being a part of the Breviary, recited at
noon (formerly at the ninth hour, 3 P. M.) in the Roman Catholic
Church.

3. The hour of dinner; the noonday meal. [Obs.]
At my supper and sometimes at nones. P. Plowman.

NONESSENTIAL
Non`es*sen"tial, a.

Defn: Not essential.

NONESSENTIAL
Non`es*sen"tial, n.

Defn: A thing not essential.

NON EST FACTUM
Non` est` fac"tum. Etym: [Law L. it is not (his) deed.] (Law)

Defn: The plea of the general issue in an action of debt on bond.

NON EST INVENTUS
Non` est` in*ven"tus. Etym: [L., he is not found.] (Law)

Defn: The return of a sheriff on a writ, when the defendant is not
found in his county. Bouvier.

NONESUCH
None"such`, n.

Defn: A person or thing of a sort that there is no other such;
something extraordinary; a thing that has not its equal. It is given
as a name to various objects, as to a choice variety of apple, a
species of medic (Medicago lupulina), a variety of pottery clay, etc.

NONET; NONETTO
No*net", No*net"to, n. Etym: [From L. nonus ninth, like E. duet, fr.
L. duo.] (Mus.)

Defn: A composition for nine instruments, rarely for nine voices.

NONETT
Non"ett, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The titmouse. [Obs.]

NONEXECUTION
Non*ex`e*cu"tion, n.

Defn: Neglect or failure of execution; nonperformance.

NONEXISTENCE
Non`ex*ist"ence, n.

1. Absence of existence; the negation of being; nonentity. A. Baxter.

2. A thing that has no existence. Sir T. Browne.

NONEXISTENT
Non`ex*ist"ent, a.

Defn: Not having existence.

NONEXPORTATION
Non*ex`por*ta"tion, n.

Defn: A failure of exportation; a not exporting of commodities.

NONEXTENSILE
Non`ex*ten"sile, a.

Defn: Not extensile; incapable of being stretched.

NON-FEASANCE
Non-fea"sance, n. Etym: [Pref. non- + OF. faisance a doing, fr. faire
to do.] (Law)

Defn: An omission or neglect to do something, esp. that which ought
to have been done. Cf. Malfeasance.

NONFULFILLMENT
Non`ful*fill"ment, n.

Defn: Neglect or failure to fulfill.

NONILLION
No*nil"lion, n. Etym: [L. nonus ninth + -illion, as in E. million.]

Defn: According to the French and American notation, a thousand
octillions, or a unit with thirty ciphers annexed; according to the
English notation, a million octillions, or a unit with fifty-four
ciphers annexed. See the Note under Numeration.

NONIMPORTATION
Non*im`por*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Want or failure of importation; a not importing of commodities.

NONIMPORTING
Non`im*port"ing, a.

Defn: Not importing; not bringing from foreign countries.

NONINFLECTIONAL
Non`in*flec"tion*al, a.

Defn: Not admitting of, or characterized by, inflection.

NONINHABITANT
Non`in*hab"it*ant, n.

Defn: One who is not an inhabitant; a stranger; a foreigner; a
nonresident.

NONINTERVENTION
Non*in`ter*ven"tion, n.

Defn: The state or habit of not intervening or interfering; as, the
nonintervention of one state in the affairs of another.

NONIUS
No"ni*us, n. Etym: [Latinized form of Nunez, the name of a Portuguese
mathematician.]

Defn: A vernier.

NONJOINDER
Non*join"der, n. (Law)

Defn: The omission of some person who ought to have been made a
plaintiff or defendant in a suit, or of some cause of action which
ought to be joined.

NONJURANT
Non*ju"rant, a.

Defn: Nonjuring.

NONJURING
Non*ju"ring, a. Etym: [F. jurer to swear, or L. jurare, jurari, to
swear, fr. L. jus, juris, right, law, justice. See Jury.]

Defn: Not swearing allegiance; -- applied to the party in Great
Britain that would not swear allegiance to William and Mary, or their
successors.

NONJUROR
Non*ju"ror, n. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: One of those adherents of James II. who refused to take the
oath of allegiance to William and Mary, or to their successors, after
the revolution of 1688; a Jacobite.

NONJURORISM
Non*ju"ror*ism, n. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: The doctrines, or action, of the Nonjurors.

NONLIMITATION
Non*lim`i*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Want of limitation; failure to limit.

NON LIQUET
Non` li"quet. Etym: [L.]

Defn: It is not clear; -- a verdict given by a jury when a matter is
to be deferred to another day of trial.

NONMALIGNANT
Non`ma*lig"nant, a.

Defn: Not malignant, as a disease.

NONMANUFACTURING
Non*man`u*fac"tur*ing, a.

Defn: Not carrying on manufactures.

NONMEDULLATED
Non*med"ul*la`ted, a.

Defn: Not medullated; (Anat.) without a medulla or marrow, or without
a medullary sheath; as, a nonmedullated nerve fiber.

NONMEMBER
Non*mem"ber, n.

Defn: One who is not a member.

NONMEMBERSHIP
Non*mem"ber*ship, n.

Defn: State of not being a member.

NONMETAL
Non"met`al, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of the set of elements which, as contrasted with the
metals, possess, produce, or receive, acid rather than basic
properties; a metalloid; as, oxygen, sulphur, and chlorine are
nonmetals.

NONMETALLIC
Non`me*tal"lic, a.

1. Not metallic.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Resembling, or possessing the properties of, a nonmetal or
metalloid; as, sulphur is a nonmetallic element.

NONMORAL
Non*mor"al, a.

Defn: Not moral nor immoral; having no connection with morals; not in
the sphere of morals or ethics; not ethical.

NONNATURAL
Non*nat"u*ral, a.

Defn: Not natural; unnatural.

NONNE
Nonne, n.

Defn: A nun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NONNECESSITY
Non`ne*ces"si*ty, n.

Defn: Absence of necessity; the quality or state of being
unnecessary.

NONNITROGNOUS
Non`ni*trog"nous, a.

Defn: Devoid of nitrogen; as, a nonnitrogenous principle; a
nonnitrogenous food. See the Note under Food, n., 1.

NONNUCLEATED
Non*nu"cle*a`ted, a.

Defn: Without a nucleus.

NONNY
Non"ny, n.

Defn: A silly fellow; a ninny.

NONOBEDIENCE
Non`o*be"di*ence, n.

Defn: Neglect of obedience; failure to obey.

NONOBSERVANCE
Non`ob*serv"ance, n.

Defn: Neglect or failure to observe or fulfill.

NON OBSTANTE
Non` ob*stan"te. Etym: [L.]

1. Notwithstanding; in opposition to, or in spite of, what has been
stated, or is to be stated or admitted.

2. (Law)

Defn: A clause in old English statutes and letters patent, importing
a license from the crown to do a thing notwithstanding any statute to
the contrary. This dispensing power was abolished by the Bill of
Rights.
In this very reign [Henry III.] the practice of dispensing with
statutes by a non obstante was introduced. Hallam.
Non obstante veredicto Etym: [LL.] (Law), a judgment sometimes
entered by order of the court, for the plaintiff, notwithstanding a
verdict for the defendant. Stephen.

NONOIC
No*no"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, nonane; as, nonoic
acid, which is also called pelargonic acid. Cf. Pelargonic.

NONONE
Non"one, n. Etym: [Nonane + -one, suffix denoting the third degree of
unsaturation.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of several metameric unsaturated hydrocarbons (C9H14)
of the valylene series.

NONOXYGENOUS
Non`ox*yg"e*nous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Without oxygen; characterized by the absence of oxygen; as, a
nonoxygenous alkaloid.

NONPAREIL
Non`pa*reil", n. Etym: [See Nonpareil, a. ]

1. Something of unequaled excellence; a peerless thing or person; a
nonesuch; -- often used as a name.

2. Etym: [F. nonpareille.] (Print.)

Defn: A size of type next smaller than minion and next larger than
agate (or ruby).

Note: This line is printed in the type called nonpareil.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) A beautifully colored finch (Passerina ciris), native of the
Southern United States. The male has the head and neck deep blue,
rump and under parts bright red, back and wings golden green, and the
tail bluish purple. Called also painted finch.
(b) Any other similar bird of the same genus.

NONPAREIL
Non`pa*reil", a. Etym: [F., from non not + pareil equal, fr. LL.
pariculus, dim. of L. par equal. See Non, and Pair, Peer.]

Defn: Having no equal; peerless.

NONPAYMENT
Non*pay"ment, n.

Defn: Neglect or failure to pay.

NONPERFORMANCE
Non`per*form"ance, n.

Defn: Neglect or failure to perform.

NONPHOTOBIOTIC
Non*pho`to*bi*ot"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Capable of living without light; as, nonphotobiotic plant
cells, or cells which habitually live in darkness.

NONPLANE
Non`plane", a. (Math.)

Defn: Not lying in one plane; -- said of certain curves.

NONPLUS
Non"plus, n. Etym: [L. non not + plus more, further. See Plural.]

Defn: A state or condition which daffles reason or confounds
judgment; insuperable difficalty; inability to proceed or decide;
puzzle; quandary.
Both of them are a perfect nonplus and baffle to all human
understanding. South.

NONPLUS
Non"plus`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nonplused or Nonplussed; p. pr. & vb.
n. Nonplusing or Nonplussing.]

Defn: To puzzle; to confound; to perplex; to cause to stop by
embarrassment.
He has been nonplused by Mr. Dry's desiring him to tell what it was
that he endeavored to prove. Spectator.

NONPREPARATION
Non*prep`a*ra"tion, n.

Defn: Neglect or failure to prepare; want of preparation.

NONPRESENTATION
Non*pres`en*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Neglect or failure to present; state of not being presented.

NONPRODUCTION
Non`pro*duc"tion, n.

Defn: A failure to produce or exhibit.

NONPROFESSIONAL
Non`pro*fes"sion*al, a.

Defn: Not belonging to a profession; not done by, or proceeding from,
professional men; contrary to professional usage.

NONPROFICIENCY
Non`pro*fi"cien*cy, n.

Defn: Want of proficiency; failure to make progress.

NONPROFICIENT
Non`pro*fi"cient, n.

Defn: One who has failed to become proficient.

NON PROS.
Non" pros.` (.

Defn: An abbreviation of Non prosequitur.

NON-PROS
Non`-pros", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nonprossed; p. pr. & vb. n. Non-
prossing.]

Defn: To decline or fail to prosecute; to allow to be dropped (said
of a suit); to enter judgment against (a plaintiff who fails to
prosecute); as, the plaintiff was non-prossed.

NON PROSEQUITUR
Non" pro*seq"ui*tur. Etym: [L. he does not prosecute.] (Law)

Defn: A judgment entered against the plaintiff in a suit where he
does not appear to prosecute. See Nolle prosequi.

NONRECURRENT
Non`re*cur"rent, a.

Defn: Not recurring.

NONRECURRING
Non`re*cur"ring, a.

Defn: Nonrecurrent.

NONREGARDANCE
Non`re*gard"ance, n.

Defn: Want of due regard; disregard; slight. [Obs.] Shak.

NONREGENT
Non`re"gent, n. (Eng. Universities)

Defn: A master of arts whose regency has ceased. See Regent.

NONRENDITION
Non`ren*di"tion, n.

Defn: Neglect of rendition; the not rendering what is due.
The nonrendition of a service which is due. S. E. Dwight.

NONRESEMBLANCE
Non`re*sem"blance, n.

Defn: Want of resemblance; unlikeness; dissimilarity.

NONRESIDENCE
Non*res"i*dence, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being nonresident, Swift.

NONRESIDENT
Non*res"i*dent, a.

Defn: Not residing in a particular place, on one's own estate, or in
one's proper place; as, a nonresident clergyman or proprietor of
lands.

NONRESIDENT
Non*res"i*dent, n.

Defn: A nonresident person; one who does not reside in the State or
jurisdiction.

NONRESISTANCE
Non`re*sist"ance, n.

Defn: The principles or practice of a nonresistant; passive
obedience; submission to authority, power, oppression, or violence
without opposition.

NONRESISTANT
Non`re*sist"ant, a.

Defn: Making no resistance.

NONRESISTANT
Non`re*sist"ant, n.

Defn: One who maintains that no resistance should be made to
constituted authority, even when unjustly or oppressively exercised;
one who advocates or practices absolute submission; also, one who
holds that violence should never be resisted by force.

NONRESISTING
Non`re*sist"ing, a.

Defn: Not making resistance.

NONRUMINANT
Non*ru"mi*nant, a.

Defn: Not ruminating; as, a nonruminant animal.

NONSANE
Non`sane", a.

Defn: Unsound; not perfect; as, a person of nonsane memory.
Blackstone.

NONSENSE
Non"sense, n. Etym: [Pref. non- + sense: cf. F. nonsens.]

1. That which is not sense, or has no sense; words, or language,
which have no meaning, or which convey no intelligible ideas;
absurdity.

2. Trifles; things of no importance. Nonsense verses, lines made by
taking any words which occur, but especially certain words which it
is desired to recollect, and arranging them without reference to
anything but the measure, so that the rhythm of the lines may aid in
recalling the remembrance of the words.

Syn.
 -- Folly; silliness; absurdity; trash; balderdash.

NONSENSICAL
Non*sen"si*cal, a.

Defn: Without sense; unmeaning; absurb; foolish; irrational;
preposterous.
 -- Non*sen"si*cal*ly, adv.
 -- Non*sen"si*cal*ness, n.

NONSENSITIVE
Non*sen"si*tive, a.

Defn: Not sensitive; wanting sense or perception; not easily
affected.

NON SEQUITUR
Non seq"ui*tur. Etym: [L., it does not follow.] (Logic)

Defn: An inference which does not follow from the premises.

NONSEXUAL
Non*sex"u*al, a.

Defn: Having no distinction of sex; sexless; neuter.

NONSLAVEHOLDING
Non*slave"hold`ing, a.

Defn: Not possessing or holding slaves; as, a nonslaveholding State.

NONSOLUTION
Non`so*lu"tion, n.

Defn: Failure of solution or explanation.

NONSOLVENCY
Non*sol"ven*cy, n.

Defn: Inability to pay debts; insolvency.

NONSOLVENT
Non*sol"vent, a.

Defn: Not solvent; insolvent.

NONSOLVENT
Non*sol"vent, n.

Defn: An insolvent.

NONSONANT
Non*so"nant, a.

Defn: Not sonant.
 -- n.

Defn: A nonsonant or nonvocal consonant.

NONSPARING
Non*spar"ing, a.

Defn: Sparing none.

NONSTRIATED
Non*stri"a*ted, a. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Without striations; unstriped; as, nonstriated muscle fibers.

NONSUBMISSION
Non`sub*mis"sion, n.

Defn: Want of submission; failure or refusal to submit.

NONSUBMISSIVE
Non`sub*mis"sive, a.

Defn: Not submissive.

NONSUCH
Non"such, n.

Defn: See Nonesuch.

NONSUIT
Non"suit`, n. (Law)

Defn: A neglect or failure by the plaintiff to follow up his suit; a
stopping of the suit; a renunciation or withdrawal of the cause by
the plaintiff, either because he is satisfied that he can not support
it, or upon the judge's expressing his opinion. A compulsory nonsuit
is a nonsuit ordered by the court on the ground that the plaintiff on
his own showing has not made out his case.

NONSUIT
Non"suit`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nonsuited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Nonsuiting.] (Law)

Defn: To determine, adjudge, or record (a plaintiff) as having
dropped his suit, upon his withdrawal or failure to follow it up.
"When two are joined in a writ, and one is nonsuited." Z. Swift.

NONSUIT
Non"suit`, a.

Defn: Nonsuited. D. A. Tyng.

NONSURETY
Non*sure"ty, n.

Defn: Insecurity. [Obs.]

NONTENURE
Non*ten"ure, n. (Law)

Defn: A plea of a defendant that he did not hold the land, as
affirmed.

NONTERM
Non"term`, n. (Law)

Defn: A vacation between two terms of a court.

NONTOXIC
Non*tox"ic, a.

Defn: Not toxic.

NONTRONITE
Non"tro*nite, n. Etym: [So called because found in the arrondissement
of Notron, France.] (Min.)

Defn: A greenish yellow or green mineral, consisting chiefly of the
hydrous silicate of iron.

NONUNIFORMIST
Non*u"ni*form`ist, n.

Defn: One who believes that past changes in the structure of the
earth have proceeded from cataclysms or causes more violent than are
now operating; -- called also nonuniformitarian.

NONUNION
Non*un"ion, a.

1. Not belonging to, or affiliated with, a trades union; as, a
nonunoin carpenter.

2.  Not recognizing or favoring trades unions or trades-unionists;
as, a nonunion contractor. --Non*un"ion*ism (#), n.

NONUNIONIST
Non*un"ion*ist, n.

Defn: One who does not belong, or refuses to belong, to a trades
union.

NONUSANCE
Non*us"ance, n.

Defn: Neglect of using; failure to use. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

NONUSER
Non*us"er,

1. A not using; failure to use.
An office may be forfeited by misuser or nonuser. Blackstone.

2. (Law)

Defn: Neglect or omission to use an easement or franchise or to
assert a right. Kent.

NONVASCULAR
Non*vas"cu*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Destitute of vessels; extravascular.

NONVERNACULAR
Non`ver*nac"u*lar, a.

Defn: Not vernacular.
A nonvernacular expression. Sir W. Hamilton.

NONVOCAL
Non*vo"cal, a.

Defn: Not vocal; destitute of tone.
 -- n.

Defn: A nonvocal consonant.

NONYL
Non"yl, n. Etym: [Nonane + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hydrocarbon radical, C9H19, derived from nonane and forming
many compounds. Used also adjectively; as, nonyl alcohol.

NONYLENE
Non"y*lene, n. Etym: [Nonane + ethylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of metameric, unsaturated hydrocarbons
C9H18 of the ethylene series.

NONYLENIC
Non`y*len"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, related to, or designating, nonylene or its
compounds; as, nonylenic acid.

NONYLIC
No*nyl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, nonyl or its compounds; as,
nonylic acid.

NOODLE
Noo"dle, n. Etym: [Cf. Noddle, Noddy.]

Defn: A simpleton; a blockhead; a stupid person; a ninny. [Low]
The chuckling grin of noodles. Sydney Smith.

NOODLE
Noo"dle, n. Etym: [G. nudel vermicelli.]

Defn: A thin strip of dough, made with eggs, rolled up, cut into
small pieces, and used in soup.

NOOK
Nook, n. Etym: [OE. nok; cf. Gael. & Ir. niuc.]

Defn: A narrow place formed by an angle in bodies or between bodies;
a corner; a recess; a secluded retreat.
How couldst thou find this dark, sequestered nook Milton.

NOOK-SHOTTEN
Nook"-shot`ten, a.

Defn: Full of nooks, angles, or corners. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
That nook-shotten isle of Albion. Shak.

NOOLOGICAL; NOOELOGICAL
No`ö*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to noölogy.

NOOLOGIST; NOOELOGIST
No*öl"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in noölogy.

NOOLOGY; NOOELOGY
No*öl"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of intellectual phenomena.

NOON
Noon, a.

Defn: No. See the Note under No. [Obs.]

NOON
Noon, n. Etym: [AS. n, orig., the ninth hour, fr. L.nona (sc. hora)
the ninth hour, then applied to the church services (called nones) at
that hour, the time of which was afterwards changed to noon. See
Nine, and cf. Nones, Nunchion.]

1. The middle of the day; midday; the time when the sun is in the
meridian; twelve o'clock in the daytime.

2. Hence, the highest point; culmination.
In the very noon of that brilliant life which was destined to be so
soon, and so fatally, overshadowed. Motley.
High noon, the exact meridian; midday.
 -- Noon of night, midnight. [Poetic] Dryden.

NOON
Noon, a.

Defn: Belonging to midday; occurring at midday; meridional. Young.

NOON
Noon, v. i.

Defn: To take rest and refreshment at noon.

NOONDAY
Noon"day`, n.

Defn: Midday; twelve o'clock in the day; noon.

NOONDAY
Noon"day`, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to midday; meridional; as, the noonday heat.
"Noonday walks." Addison.

NOON-FLOWER
Noon"-flow`er, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The goat's beard, whose flowers close at midday.

NOONING
Noon"ing, n.

Defn: A rest at noon; a repast at noon.

NOONSHUN
Noon"shun, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Nunchion. Nares.

NOONSTEAD
Noon"stead, n.

Defn: The position of the sun at noon. [Obs.] Drayton.

NOONTIDE
Noon"tide`, n. Etym: [From noon + tide time; cf. AS. n the ninth
hour.]

Defn: The time of noon; midday.

NOOSE
Noose, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. OF. nous, nom. sing. or acc. pl. of nou
knot, F. n, L. nodus. Cf. Node.]

Defn: A running knot, or loop, which binds the closer the more it is
drawn.

NOOSE
Noose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Noosed; p. pr. & vb. n. Noosing.]

Defn: To tie in a noose; to catch in a noose; to entrap; to insnare.

NOOT
Noot.

Defn: See lst Not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NOPAL
No"pal, n. Etym: [Mexican nopalli.] (Bot.)

Defn: A cactaceous plant (Nopalea cochinellifera), originally
Mexican, on which the cochineal insect feeds, and from which it is
collected. The name is sometimes given to other species of Cactaceæ.

NOPALRY
No"pal*ry, n.; pl. Nopalries (.

Defn: A plantation of the nopal for raising the cochineal insect.

NOPE
Nope, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bullfinch. [Prov. Eng.]

NOR
Nor, conj. Etym: [OE. nor, contr. from nother. See Neither.]

Defn: A negative connective or particle, introducing the second
member or clause of a negative proposition, following neither, or
not, in the first member or clause (as or in affirmative propositions
follows either). Nor is also used sometimes in the first member for
neither, and sometimes the neither is omitted and implied by the use
of nor.
Provide neither gold nor silver, nor brass, in your purses, nor scrip
for your journey. Matt. x. 9, 10.
Where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt. Matt. vi. 20.
I love him not, nor fear him. Shak.
Where neither party is nor true, nor kind. Shak.
Simois nor Xanthus shall be wanting there. Dryden.

NORBERTINE
Nor"bert*ine, n.

Defn: See Premonstrant.

NORFOLK
Nor"folk, n.

Defn: Short for Norfolk Jacket.

NORFOLK DUMPLING
Norfolk dumpling. (Eng.)
 (a) A kind of boiled dumpling made in Norfolk.
 (b) A native or inhabitant of Norfolk.

NORFOLK JACKET
Norfolk jacket.

Defn: A kind of loose-fitting plaited jacket, having a loose belt.

NORFOLK PLOVER
Norfolk plover.

Defn: The stone curlew.

NORFOLK SPANIEL
Norfolk spaniel.

Defn: One of a breed of field spaniels similar to the clumbers, but
shorter in body and of a liver-and-white or black-and-white color.

NORIA
No"ri*a, n. Etym: [Sp., from Ar. na'.]

Defn: A large water wheel, turned by the action of a stream against
its floats, and carrying at its circumference buckets, by which water
is raised and discharged into a trough; used in Arabia, China, and
elsewhere for irrigating land; a Persian wheel.

NORIAN
No"ri*an, a. Etym: [From norite.] (Geol.)

Defn: Pertaining to the upper portion of the Laurentian rocks. T. S.
Hunt.

NORICE
Nor"ice, n.

Defn: Nurse. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NORIE
No"rie, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cormorant. [Prov. Eng.]

NORIMON
Nor"i*mon, n.; pl. Norimons (.

Defn: A Japanese covered litter, carried by men. B. Taylor.

NORITE
No"rite, n. Etym: [F., fr. Norvège Norway .] (Min.)

Defn: A granular crystalline rock consisting essentially of a
triclinic feldspar (as labradorite) and hypersthene.

NORIUM
No"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: A supposed metal alleged to have been discovered in zircon.

NORLAND
Nor"land, n. [For Northland.]

1. The land in the north; north country. [Chiefly Poetic]

2.  = Norlander. [Scot. & Eng.]

NORLANDER
Nor"land*er, n.

Defn: A northener; a person from the north country.

NORM
Norm, n. Etym: [L. norma a rule. See Normal, a.]

1. A rule or authoritative standard; a model; a type.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A typical, structural unit; a type. Agassiz.

NORMA
Nor"ma, n. Etym: [L.]

1. A norm; a principle or rule; a model; a standard. J. S. Mill.

2. A mason's or a carpenter's square or rule.

3. A templet or gauge.

NORMAL
Nor"mal, a. Etym: [L. normalis, fr. norma rule, pattern, carpenter's
square; prob. akin to noscere to know; cf. Gr. normal. See Known, and
cf. Abnormal, Enormous.]

1. According to an established norm, rule, or principle; conformed to
a type, standard, or regular form; performing the proper functions;
not abnormal; regular; natural; analogical.
Deviations from the normal type. Hallam.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: According to a square or rule; perpendicular; forming a right
angle. Specifically: Of or pertaining to a normal.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: Standard; original; exact; typical. Specifically:
(a) (Quantitative Analysis) Denoting a solution of such strength that
every cubic centimeter contains the same number of milligrams of the
element in question as the number of its molecular weight. (b)
(Chem.)

Defn: Denoting certain hypothetical compounds, as acids from which
the real acids are obtained by dehydration; thus, normal sulphuric
acid and normal nitric acid are respectively S(OH)6, and N(OH)5.
(c) (Organ. Chem.) Denoting that series of hydrocarbons in which no
carbon atom is united with more than two other carbon atoms; as,
normal pentane, hexane, etc. Cf. Iso-. Normal equations (Method of
Least Squares), a set of equations of the first degree equal in
number to the number of unknown quantities, and derived from the
observations by a specified process. The solution of the normal
equations gives the most probable values of the unknown quantities.
 -- Normal group (Geol.), a group of rocks taken as a standard.
Lyell.
 -- Normal place (of a planet or comet) (Astron.), the apparent place
in the heavens of a planet or comet at a specified time, the place
having been determined by a considerable number of observations,
extending perhaps over many days, and so combined that the accidental
errors of observation have largely balanced each other.
 -- Normal school, a school whose methods of instruction are to serve
as a model for imitation; an institution for the training of
teachers.

Syn.
 -- Normal, Regular, Ordinary. Regular and ordinary are popular terms
of well-known signification; normal has now a more specific sense,
arising out of its use in science. A thing is normal, or in its
normal state, when strictly conformed to those principles of its
constitution which mark its species or to the standard of a healthy
and natural condition. It is abnormal when it departs from those
principles.

NORMAL
Nor"mal, n. Etym: [Cf. F. normale, ligne normale. See Normal, a.]

1. (Geom.) Any perpendicular.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A straight line or plane drawn from any point of a curve or
surface so as to be perpendicular to the curve or surface at that
point.

Note: The term normal is also used to denote the distance along the
normal line from the curve to the axis of abscissas or to the center
of curvature.

NORMALCY
Nor"mal*cy, n.

Defn: The quality, state, or fact of being normal; as, the point of
normalcy. [R.]

NORMALIZATION
Nor`mal*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: Reduction to a standard or normal state.

NORMALLY
Nor"mal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a normal manner. Darwin.

NORMAN
Nor"man, n. Etym: [F. normand.] (Naut.)

Defn: A wooden bar, or iron pin. W. C. Russell.

NORMAN
Nor"man, a. Etym: [F. normand, of Scand. origin. See Northman, and
cf. Norse.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Normandy or to the Normans; as, the Norman
language; the Norman conquest. Norman style (Arch.), a style of
architecture which arose in the tenth century, characterized by great
massiveness, simplicity, and strength, with the use of the
semicircular arch, heavy round columns, and a great variety of
ornaments, among which the zigzag and spiral or cable-formed
ornaments were prominent.

NORMAN
Nor"man, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Normandy; originally, one of the
Northmen or Scandinavians who conquered Normandy in the 10th century;
afterwards, one of the mixed (Norman-French) race which conquered
England, under William the Conqueror.

NORMANISM
Nor"man*ism, n.

Defn: A Norman idiom; a custom or expression peculiar to the Normans.
M. Arnold.

NORN; NORNA
Norn, Nor"na, n. Etym: [Icel. norn, pl. nornir.]

1. (Scandinavian Myth.)

Defn: One of the three Fates, Past, Present, and Future. Their names
were Urd, Verdandi, and Skuld.

2. A tutelary deity; a genius.

NOROPIANIC
No*ro`pi*an"ic, a. Etym: [Etymology uncertain.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the aromatic
series obtained from opianic acid.

NORROY
Nor"roy, n. Etym: [Lit., north king, fr. F. nord north + roi king.]
(Her.)

Defn: The most northern of the English Kings-at-arms. See King-at-
arms, under King.

NORSE
Norse, a. Etym: [Dan. Norsk, fr. nord north. See North.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to ancient Scandinavia, or to the language
spoken by its inhabitants.

NORSE
Norse, n.

Defn: The Norse language.

NORSEMAN
Norse"man, n.; pl. Norsemen (.

Defn: One of the ancient Scandinavians; a Northman.

NORTELRY
Nor"tel*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. Nurture.]

Defn: Nurture; education; culture; bringing up. [Obs.]
Nortelry . . . learned at the nunnery. Chaucer.

NORTH
North, n. Etym: [AS. noredh; akin to D. noord, G., Sw., & Dan. nord,
Icel. noredhr. Cf. Norman, Norse.]

1. That one of the four cardinal points of the compass, at any place,
which lies in the direction of the true meridian, and to the left
hand of a person facing the east; the direction opposite to the
south.

2. Any country or region situated farther to the north than another;
the northern section of a country.

3. Specifically: That part of the United States lying north of Mason
and Dixon's line. See under Line.

NORTH
North, a.

Defn: Lying toward the north; situated at the north, or in a northern
direction from the point of observation or reckoning; proceeding
toward the north, or coming from the north. North following. See
Following, a., 2.
 -- North pole, that point in the heavens, or on the earth, ninety
degrees from the equator toward the north.
 -- North preceding. See Following, a., 2.
 -- North star, the star toward which the north pole of the earth
very nearly points, and which accordingly seems fixed and immovable
in the sky. The star a (alpha) of the Little Bear, is our present
north star, being distant from the pole about 1º 25', and from year
to year approaching slowly nearer to it. It is called also Cynosura,
polestar, and by astronomers, Polaris.

NORTH
North, v. i.

Defn: To turn or move toward the north; to veer from the east or west
toward the north.

NORTH
North, adv.

Defn: Northward.

NORTHEAST
North`east", n.

Defn: The point between the north and east, at an equal distance from
each; the northeast part or region.

NORTHEAST
North`east", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the northeast; proceeding toward the
northeast, or coming from that point; as, a northeast course; a
northeast wind. Northeast passage, a passage or communication by sea
between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans along the north coast of
Asia.

NORTHEAST
North`east", adv.

Defn: Toward the northeast.

NORTHEASTER
North`east"er, n.

Defn: A storm, strong wind, or gale, coming from the northeast.

NORTHEASTERLY
North`east"er*ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the northeast; toward the northeast, or coming
from the northeast.

NORTHEASTERLY
North`east"er*ly, adv.

Defn: Toward the northeast.

NORTHEASTERN
North`east"ern, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the northeast; northeasterly.

NORTHEASTWARD; NORTHEASTWARDLY
North`east"ward, North`east"ward*ly, adv.

Defn: Toward the northeast.

NORTHER
North"er, n.

Defn: A wind from the north; esp., a strong and cold north wind in
Texas and the vicinity of the Gulf of Mexico.

NORTHERLINESS
North"er*li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being northerly; direction toward the
north.

NORTHERLY
North"er*ly, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the north; toward the north, or from the
north; northern.

NORTHERLY
North"er*ly, adv.

Defn: Toward the north.

NORTHERN
North"ern, a. Etym: [AS. noredherne.]

1. Of or pertaining to the north; being in the north, or nearer to
that point than to the east or west.

2. In a direction toward the north; as, to steer a northern course;
coming from the north; as, a northern wind. Northern diver. (Zoöl.)
See Loon.
 -- Northern lights. See Aurora borealis, under Aurora.
 -- Northern spy (Bot.), an excellent American apple, of a yellowish
color, marked with red.

NORTHERNER
North"ern*er, n.

1. One born or living in the north.

2. A native or inhabitant of the Northern States; --
contradistinguished from Ant: Southerner. [U. S.]

NORTHERNLY
North"ern*ly, adv.

Defn: Northerly. [Obs.] Hakewill.

NORTHERNMOST
North"ern*most`, a. Etym: [Cf. Northmost.]

Defn: Farthest north.

NORTHING
North"ing, n.

1. (Surv. & Navigation)

Defn: Distance northward from any point of departure or of reckoning,
measured on a meridian; -- opposed to Ant: southing.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The distance of any heavenly body from the equator northward;
north declination.

NORTHMAN
North"man, n.; pl. Northmen. Etym: [AS. noredhman. See North, and
Man, and cf. Norman.]

Defn: One of the inhabitants of the north of Europe; esp., one of the
ancient Scandinavians; a Norseman.

NORTHMOST
North"most`, a. Etym: [AS. nor. Cf.Aftermost.]

Defn: Lying farthest north; northernmost.
Northmost part of the coast of Mozambique. De Foe.

NORTHNESS
North"ness, n.

Defn: A tendency in the end of a magnetic needle to point to the
north. Faraday.

NORTH STAR STATE
North Star State.

Defn: Minnesota; -- a nickname.

NORTHUMBRIAN
North*um"bri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Northumberland in England.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Northumberland.

NORTHWARD
North"ward, a. Etym: [AS. noredhweard.]

Defn: Toward the north; nearer to the north than to the east or west
point.

NORTHWARD; NORTHWARDS
North"ward, North"wards, adv.

Defn: Toward the north, or toward a point nearer to the north than to
the east or west point.

NORTHWARDLY
North"ward*ly, a.

Defn: Having a northern direction.

NORTHWARDLY
North"ward*ly, adv.

Defn: In a northern direction.

NORTHWEST
North`west", n. Etym: [AS. noredhwest.]

Defn: The point in the horizon between the north and west, and
equally distant from each; the northwest part or region.

NORTHWEST
North`west", a.

1. Pertaining to, or in the direction of, the point between the north
and west; being in the northwest; toward the northwest, or coming
from the northwest; as, the northwest coast.

2. Coming from the northwest; as, a northwest wind. Northwest
passage, a passage or communication by sea between the Atlantic and
Pacific oceans along the north coast of America, long sought for by
navigators.

NORTHWEST
North`west", adv.

Defn: Toward the northwest.

NORTHWESTER
North`west"er, n.

Defn: A storm or gale from the northwest; a strong northwest wind.

NORTHWESTERLY
North`west"er*ly, a.

Defn: Toward the northwest, or from the northwest.

NORTHWESTERN
North`west"ern, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or being in, the northwest; in a direction
toward the northwest; coming from the northwest; northwesterly; as, a
northwestern course.

NORTHWESTWARD; NORTHWESTWARDLY
North`west"ward, North`west"ward*ly, adv.

Defn: Toward the northwest.

NORWEGIAN
Nor*we"gi*an, a. Etym: [Cf. Icel. Noregr, Norvegr, Norway. See North,
and Way.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Norway, its inhabitants, or its language.

NORWEGIAN
Nor*we"gi*an, n.

1. A native of Norway.

2. That branch of the Scandinavian language spoken in Norway.

NORWEGIUM
Nor*we"gi*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Norwegian.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element, of doubtful identification, said to
occur in the copper-nickel of Norway.

NORWEYAN
Nor*we"yan, a.

Defn: Norwegian. [Obs.] Shak.

NOSE
Nose, n. Etym: [AS. nosu; akin to D. neus, G. nase, OHG. nasa, Icel.
nös, Sw. näsa, Dan. näse, Lith. nosis, Russ. nos', L. nasus, nares,
Skr. nasa, nas. Nasal, Nasturtium, Naze, Nostril, Nozzle.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The prominent part of the face or anterior extremity of the
head containing the nostrils and olfactory cavities; the olfactory
organ. See Nostril, and Olfactory organ under Olfactory.

2. The power of smelling; hence, scent.
We are not offended with a dog for a better nose than his master.
Collier.

3. A projecting end or beak at the front of an object; a snout; a
nozzle; a spout; as, the nose of a bellows; the nose of a teakettle.
Nose bit (Carp.), a bit similar to a gouge bit, but having a cutting
edge on one side of its boring end.
 -- Nose hammer (Mach.), a frontal hammer.
 -- Nose hole (Glass Making), a small opening in a furnace, before
which a globe of crown glass is held and kept soft at the beginning
of the flattening process.
 -- Nose key (Carp.), a fox wedge.
 -- Nose leaf (Zoöl.), a thin, broad, membranous fold of skin on the
nose of many species of bats. It varies greatly in size and form.
 -- Nose of wax, fig., a person who is pliant and easily influenced.
"A nose of wax to be turned every way." Massinger -- Nose piece, the
nozzle of a pipe, hose, bellows, etc.; the end piece of a microscope
body, to which an objective is attached.
 -- To hold, put, or bring one's nose to the grindstone. See under
Grindstone.
 -- To lead by the nose, to lead at pleasure, or to cause to follow
submissively; to lead blindly, as a person leads a beast. Shak.
 -- To put one's nose out of joint, to humiliate one's pride, esp. by
supplanting one in the affections of another. [Slang] -- To thrust
one's nose into, to meddle officiously in.
 -- To wipe one's nose of, to deprive of; to rob. [Slang]

NOSE
Nose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nosed; p. pr. & vb. n. Nosing.]

1. To smell; to scent; hence, to track, or trace out.

2. To touch with the nose; to push the nose into or against; hence,
to interfere with; to treat insolently.
Lambs . . . nosing the mother's udder. Tennyson.
A sort of national convention, dubious in its nature . . . nosed
Parliament in the very seat of its authority. Burke.

3. To utter in a nasal manner; to pronounce with a nasal twang; as,
to nose a prayer. [R.] Cowley.

NOSE
Nose (noz), v. i.

1. To smell; to sniff; to scent. Audubon.

2. To pry officiously into what does not concern one.

NOSEBAG
Nose"bag`, n.

Defn: A bag in which feed for a horse, ox, or the like, may be
fastened under the nose by a string passing over the head.

NOSEBAND
Nose"band`, n.

Defn: That part of the headstall of a bridle which passes over a
horse's nose.

NOSEBLEED
Nose"bleed`, n.

1. A bleeding at the nose.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The yarrow. See Yarrow.

NOSED
Nosed, a.

Defn: Having a nose, or such a nose; -- chieflay used in composition;
as, pug-nosed.

NOSEGAY
Nose"gay`, n. Etym: [Nose + gay in the sense of a gay or showy
thing.]

Defn: A bunch of odorous and showy flowers; a bouquet; a posy. Pope.

NOSEL
Nos"el, v. t. Etym: [See Noursle.]

Defn: To nurse; to lead or teach; to foster; to nuzzle. [Obs.]
If any man use the Scripture . . . to nosel thee in anything save in
Christ, he is a false prophet. Tyndale.

NOSELESS
Nose"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a nose.

NOSESMART
Nose"smart`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of cress, a pungent cruciferous plant, including several
species of the genus Nasturtium.

NOSETHIRL; NOSETHRIL
Nose"thirl, Nose"thril, n.

Defn: Nostril. [Obs.] [Written also nosethurl, nosthrill.] Chaucer.

NOSING
Nos"ing, n. (Arch.)

Defn: That part of the treadboard of a stair which projects over the
riser; hence, any like projection, as the projecting edge of a
molding.

NOSLE
No"sle, n. Etym: [See Nozzle, Nose.]

Defn: Nozzle. [Obs.]

NOSOCOMIAL
Nos`o*co"mi*al, a. Etym: [L. nosocomium a hospital, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a hospital; as, nosocomial atmosphere.
Dunglison.

NOSOGRAPHY
No*sog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. nosographie.]

Defn: A description or classification of diseases.

NOSOLOGICAL
Nos`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. nosologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to nosology.

NOSOLOGIST
No*sol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. nosologiste.]

Defn: One versed in nosology.

NOSOLOGY
No*sol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. nosologie.]

1. A systematic arrangement, or classification, of diseases.

2. That branch of medical science which treats of diseases, or of the
classification of diseases.

NOSOPHEN
Nos"o*phen, n.  [Nose + phenol; orig. used for affections of the
nose.] (Pharm.)

Defn: An iodine compound obtained as a yellowish gray, odorless,
tasteless powder by the action of iodine on phenolphthalein.

NOSOPHOBIA
Nos`o*pho"bi*a, n. [NL.;  disease +  fear.] (Med.)

Defn: Morbid dread of disease.

NOSOPOETIC
Nos`o*po*et"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Producing diseases. [R.] Arbuthnot.

NOST
Nost. Etym: [Contr. from ne wost.]

Defn: Wottest not; knowest not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NOSTALGIA
Nos*tal"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Homesickness; esp., a severe and sometimes fatal form of
melancholia, due to homesickness.

NOSTALGIC
Nos*tal"gic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. nostalgique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to nostalgia; affected with nostalgia.

NOSTALGY
Nos*tal"gy, n.

Defn: Same as Nostalgia.

NOSTOC
Nos"toc, n. Etym: [F.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of algæ. The plants are composed of moniliform cells
imbedded in a gelatinous substance.

Note: Nostoc commune is found on the ground, and is ordinarily not
seen; but after a rain it swells up into a conspicuous jellylike
mass, whish was formerly supposed to have fallen from the sky, whence
the popular names, fallen star and star jelly. Also called witches'
butter.

NOSTRIL
Nos"tril, n. Etym: [OE. nosethril, nosethirl, AS. nospyrl; nos for
nosu nose + pyrel opening, hole, from pyrel pierced, for pyrhel, fr.
purh through. Nose, and Through, and cf. Thrill.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the external openings of the nose, which give passage to
the air breathed and to secretions from the nose and eyes; one of the
anterior nares.

Note: In sperm whales, porpoises, and allied animals, there is only
one nostril, which is situated on the top of the head and called a
spiracle.

2. Perception; insight; acuteness. [Obs.]
Methinks a man Of your sagacity and clear nostril should Have made
another choice. B. Jonson.

NOSTRUM
Nos"trum n.; pl. Nostrums. Etym: [Neut. sing. of L. noster ours, fr.
nos we. See Us.]

1. A medicine, the ingredients of which are kept secret for the
purpose of restricting the profits of sale to the inventor or
proprietor; a quack medicine.

2. Any scheme or device proposed by a quack.
The incentives of agitators, the arts of impostors and the nostrums
of quacks. Brougham.

NOT
Not. Etym: [Contr. from ne wot. See 2d Note.]

Defn: Wot not; know not; knows not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NOT
Not, a.

Defn: Shorn; shaven. [Obs.] See Nott.

NOT
Not, adv. Etym: [OE. not, noht, nought, naught, the same word as E.
naught. See Naught.]

Defn: A word used to express negation, prohibition, denial, or
refusal.
Not one word spake he more than was need. Chaucer.
Thou shalt not steal. Ex. xx. 15.
Thine eyes are upon me, and I am not. Job vii. 8.
The question is, may I do it, or may I not do it Bp. Sanderson.
Not . . . but, or Not but, only. [Obs. or Colloq.] Chaucer.

NOTABILIA
No`ta*bil"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl. of L. notabilis notable.]

Defn: Things worthy of notice.

NOTABILITY
Not`a*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Notabilities. Etym: [Cf. F. notabilité .]

1. Quality of being notable.

2. A notable, or remarkable, person or thing; a person of note.
"Parisian notabilities" Carlyle.

3. A notable saying. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NOTABLE
Not"a*ble, a. Etym: [F. notable, L. notabilis, fr. notare to mark,
nota mark, note. See 5th Note.]

1. Capable of being noted; noticeable; plan; evident.

2. Worthy of notice; remarkable; memorable; noted or distinguished;
as, a notable event, person.

Note: Notable in the sense of careful, thrifty, characterized by
thrift and capacity (as, a notable housekeeper) is pronounced by many
good orthoëpists, nôt"a*b'l, the derivatives notableness, and
notably, being also similarly pronounced with short o in the first
syllable.

3. Well-known; notorious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NOTABLE
Not"a*ble, n.

1. A person, or thing, of distinction.

2. (French Hist.)

Defn: One of a number of persons, before the revolution of 1789,
chiefly of the higher orders, appointed by the king to constitute a
representative body.

NOTABLENESS
Not"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being notable.

NOTABLY
Not"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a notable manner.

NOTAEUM
No*tæ"um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The back or upper surface, as of a bird.

NOTAL
No"tal, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the back; dorsal.

NOTANDUM
No*tan"dum, n.; pl. Notanda. Etym: [L., fr. notare to observe.]

Defn: A thing to be noted or observed; a notable fact; -- chiefly
used in the plural.

NOTARIAL
No*ta"ri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. notarial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a notary; done or taken by a notary; as, a
notarial seal; notarial evidence or attestation.

NOTARIALLY
No*ta"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a notarial manner.

NOTARY
No"ta*ry, n.; pl. Notaries. Etym: [F. notaire, L. notarius notary (in
sense 1), fr. nota mark. See 5th Note.]

1. One who records in shorthand what is said or done; as, the notary
of an ecclesiastical body.

2. (Eng. & Am. Law)

Defn: A public officer who attests or certifies deeds and other
writings, or copies of them, usually under his official seal, to make
them authentic, especially in foreign countries. His duties chiefly
relate to instruments used in commercial transactions, such as
protests of negotiable paper, ship's papers in cases of loss, damage,
etc. He is generally called a notary public.

NOTATE
No"tate, a. Etym: [L. notatus marked, p. p. of notare to mark. See
5th Note.] (Bot.)

Defn: Marked with spots or lines, which are often colored. Henslow.

NOTATION
No*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. notatio a marking, observing, etymology, fr.
notare to mark, nota a mark: cf. F. notation. See 5th Note.]

1. The act or practice of recording anything by marks, figures, or
characters.

2. Any particular system of characters, symbols, or abbreviated
expressions used in art or science, to express briefly technical
facts, quantities, etc. Esp., the system of figures, letters, and
signs used in arithmetic and algebra to express number, quantity, or
operations.

3. Literal or etymological signification. [Obs.]
"Conscience" is a Latin word, and, according to the very notation of
it, imports a double or joint knowledge. South.

NOTCH
Notch, n. Etym: [Akin to nock; cf. OD. nock, OSw. nocka. Cf. Nick a
notch.]

1. A hollow cut in anything; a nick; an indentation.
And on the stick ten equal notches makes. Swift.

2. A narrow passage between two elevation; a deep, close pass; a
defile; as, the notch of a mountain.

NOTCH
Notch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Notched; p. pr. & vb. n. Notching.]

1. To cut or make notches in ; to indent; also, to score by notches;
as, to notch a stick.

2. To fit the notch of (an arrow) to the string.
God is all sufferance; here he doth show No arrow notched, only a
stringless bow. Herrick.

NOTCHBOARD
Notch"board`, n. (Carp.)

Defn: The board which receives the ends of the steps in a staircase.

NOTCHING
Notch"ing, n.

1. The act of making notches; the act of cutting into small hollows.

2. The small hollow, or hollows, cut; a notch or notches.

3. (Carp.)

Defn: A method of joining timbers, scantling, etc., by notching them,
as at the ends, and overlapping or interlocking the notched portions.

4. (Engin.)

Defn: A method of excavating, as in a bank, by a series of cuttings
side by side. See also Gulleting.

NOTCHWEED
Notch"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A foul-smelling weed, the stinking goosefoot (Chenopodium
Vulvaria).

NOTE
Note, v. t. Etym: [AS. hnitan to strike against, imp. hnat.]

Defn: To butt; to push with the horns. [Prov. Eng.]

NOTE
Note. Etym: [AS. nat; ne not + wat wot. See Not, and Wot.]

Defn: Know not; knows not. [Obs.]

NOTE
Note, n.

Defn: Nut. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NOTE
Note, n. Etym: [AS. notu use, profit.]

Defn: Need; needful business. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NOTE
Note, n. Etym: [F. note, L. nota; akin to noscere, notum, to know.
See Know.]

1. A mark or token by which a thing may be known; a visible sign; a
character; a distinctive mark or feature; a characteristic quality.
Whosoever appertain to the visible body of the church, they have also
the notes of external profession. Hooker.
She [the Anglican church] has the note of possession, the note of
freedom from party titles,the note of life -- a tough life and a
vigorous. J. H. Newman.
What a note of youth, of imagination, of impulsive eagerness, there
was through it all ! Mrs. Humphry Ward.

2. A mark, or sign, made to call attention, to point out something to
notice, or the like; a sign, or token, proving or giving evidence.

3. A brief remark; a marginal comment or explanation; hence, an
annotation on a text or author; a comment; a critical, explanatory,
or illustrative observation.
The best writers have been perplexed with notes, and obscured with
illustrations. Felton.

4. A brief writing intended to assist the memory; a memorandum; a
minute.

5. pl.

Defn: Hence, a writing intended to be used in speaking; memoranda to
assist a speaker, being either a synopsis, or the full text of what
is to be said; as, to preach from notes; also, a reporter's
memoranda; the original report of a speech or of proceedings.

6. A short informal letter; a billet.

7. A diplomatic missive or written communication.

8. A written or printed paper acknowledging a debt, and promising
payment; as, a promissory note; a note of hand; a negotiable note.

9. A list of items or of charges; an account. [Obs.]
Here is now the smith's note for shoeing. Shak.

10. (Mus.)
(a) A character, variously formed, to indicate the length of a tone,
and variously placed upon the staff to indicate its pitch. Hence:
(b) A musical sound; a tone; an utterance; a tune.
(c) A key of the piano or organ.
The wakeful bird . . . tunes her nocturnal note. Milton.
That note of revolt against the eighteenth century, which we detect
in Goethe, was struck by Winckelmann. W. Pater.

11. Observation; notice; heed.
Give orders to my servants that they take No note at all of our being
absent hence. Shak.

12. Notification; information; intelligence. [Obs.]
The king . . . shall have note of this. Shak.

13. State of being under observation. [Obs.]
Small matters . . . continually in use and in note. Bacon.

14. Reputation; distinction; as, a poet of note.
There was scarce a family of note which had not poured out its blood
on the field or the scaffold. Prescott.

15. Stigma; brand; reproach. [Obs.] Shak. Note of hand, a promissory
note.

NOTE
Note, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Noted; p. pr. & vb. n. Noting.] Etym: [F.
noter, L. notare, fr. nota. See Note, n.]

1. To notice with care; to observe; to remark; to heed; to attend to.
Pope.
No more of that; I have noted it well. Shak.

2. To record in writing; to make a memorandum of.
Every unguarded word . . . was noted down. Maccaulay.

3. To charge, as with crime (with of or for before the thing
charged); to brand. [Obs.]
They were both noted of incontinency. Dryden.

4. To denote; to designate. Johnson.

5. To annotate. [R.] W. H. Dixon.

6. To set down in musical characters. To note a bill or draft, to
record on the back of it a refusal of acceptance, as the ground of a
protest, which is done officially by a notary.

NOTEBOOK
Note"book`, n.

1. A book in which notes or memorandums are written.

2. A book in which notes of hand are registered.

NOTED
Not"ed, a.

Defn: Well known by reputation or report; eminent; celebrated; as, a
noted author, or traveler.
 -- Not"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Not"ed*ness, n.

NOTEFUL
Note"ful, a.

Defn: Useful. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NOTELESS
Note"less, a.

Defn: Not attracting notice; not conspicuous.
Noteless as the race from which he sprung. Sir W. Scott.

NOTELESSNESS
Note"less*ness, n.

Defn: A state of being noteless.

NOTELET
Note"let, n.

Defn: A little or short note; a billet.

NOTE PAPER
Note" pa`per.

Defn: Writing paper, not exceeding in size, when folded once, five by
eight inches.

NOTER
Not"er, n.

1. One who takes notice.

2. An annotator. [Obs.]

NOTEWORTHY
Note"wor`thy, a.

Defn: Worthy of observation or notice; remarkable.

NOTHER
Noth"er, conj.

Defn: Neither; nor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NOTHING
Noth"ing, n. Etym: [From no, a. + thing.]

1. Not anything; no thing (in the widest sense of the word thing); --
opposed to Ant: anything and Ant: something.
Yet had his aspect nothing of severe. Dryden.

2. Nonexistence; nonentity; absence of being; nihility; nothingness.
Shak.

3. A thing of no account, value, or note; something irrelevant and
impertinent; something of comparative unimportance; utter
insignificance; a trifle.
Behold, ye are of nothing, and your work of nought. Is. xli. 24.
'T is nothing, says the fool; but, says the friend, This nothing,
sir, will bring you to your end. Dryden.

4. (Arith.)

Defn: A cipher; naught. Nothing but, only; no more than. Chaucer.
 -- To make nothing of. (a) To make no difficulty of; to consider as
trifling or important. "We are industrious to preserve our bodies
from slavery, but we make nothing of suffering our souls to be slaves
to our lusts." Ray. (b) Not to understand; as, I could make nothing
of what he said.

NOTHING
Noth"ing, adv.

Defn: In no degree; not at all; in no wise.
Adam, with such counsel nothing swayed. Milton.
The influence of reason in producing our passions is nothing near so
extensive as is commonly believed. Burke.
Nothing off (Naut.), an order to the steersman to keep the vessel
close to the wind.

NOTHINGARIAN
Noth`ing*a"ri*an, n.

Defn: One of no certain belief; one belonging to no particular sect.

NOTHINGISM
Noth"ing*ism, n.

Defn: Nihility; nothingness. [R.]

NOTHINGNESS
Noth"ing*ness, n.

1. Nihility; nonexistence.

2. The state of being of no value; a thing of no value.

NOTICE
No"tice, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. notitia a being known, knowledge, fr.
noscere, notum, to know. See Know.]

1. The act of noting, remarking, or observing; observation by the
senses or intellect; cognizance; note.
How ready is envy to mingle with the notices we take of other persons
! I. Watts.

2. Intelligence, by whatever means communicated; knowledge given or
received; means of knowledge; express notification; announcement;
warning.
I . . . have given him notice that the Duke of Cornwall and Regan his
duchess will be here. Shak.

3. An announcement, often accompanied by comments or remarks; as,
book notices; theatrical notices.

4. A writing communicating information or warning.

5. Attention; respectful treatment; civility. To take notice of, to
perceive especially; to observe or treat with particular attention.

Syn.
 -- Attention; regard; remark; note; heed; consideration; respect;
civility; intelligence; advice; news.

NOTICE
No"tice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Noticed; p. pr. & vb. n. Noticing.]

1. To observe; to see to mark; to take note of; to heed; to pay
attention to.

2. To show that one has observed; to take public note of; remark
upon; to make comments on; to refer to; as, to notice a book.
This plant deserves to be noticed in this place. Tooke.
Another circumstance was noticed in connection with the suggestion
last discussed. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. To treat with attention and civility; as, to notice strangers.

Syn.
 -- To remark; observe; perceive; see; mark; note; mind; regard;
heed; mention. See Remark.

NOTICEABLE
No"tice*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being observed; worthy of notice; likely to attract
observation; conspicous.
A noticeable man, with large gray eyes. Wordsworth.

NOTICEABLY
No"tice*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a noticeable manner.

NOTICER
No"ti*cer, n.

Defn: One who notices.

NOTIDANIAN
No`ti*da"ni*an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of sharks of the family Notidanidæ,
or Hexanchidæ. Called also cow sharks. See Shark.

NOTIFICATION
No`ti*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. notification. See Notify.]

1. The act of notifying, or giving notice; the act of making known;
especially, the act of giving official notice or information to the
public or to individuals, corporations, companies, or societies, by
words, by writing, or by other means.

2. Notice given in words or writing, or by signs.

3. The writing which communicates information; an advertisement, or
citation, etc.

NOTIFY
No"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Notified; p. pr. & vb. n. Notifying.]
Etym: [F. notifier, L. notificare; notus known (p. p. of noscere to
known) + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Know, and -fy.]

1. To make known; to declare; to publish; as, to notify a fact to a
person.
No law can bind till it be notified or promulged. Sowth.

2. To give notice to; to inform by notice; to apprise; as, the
constable has notified the citizens to meet at the city hall; the
bell notifies us of the time of meeting.
The President of the United States has notified the House of
Representatives that he has approved and signed the act. Journal of
the Senate, U. S.

Note: This application of notify has been condemned; but it is in
constant good use in the United States, and in perfect accordance
with the use of certify.

NOTION
No"tion, Etym: [L. notio, fr. noscere to know: cf. F. notion. See
Know.]

1. Mental apprehension of whatever may be known or imagined; an idea;
a conception; more properly, a general or universal conception, as
distinguishable or definable by marks or notæ.
What hath been generally agreed on, I content myself to assume under
the notion of principles. Sir I. Newton.
Few agree in their notions about these words. Cheyne.
That notion of hunger, cold, sound, color, thought, wish, or fear
which is in the mind, is called the "idea" of hunger, cold, etc. I.
Watts.
Notion, again, signifies either the act of apprehending, signalizing,
that is, the remarking or taking note of, the various notes, marks,
or characters of an object which its qualities afford, or the result
of that act. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. A sentiment; an opinion.
The extravagant notion they entertain of themselves. Addison.
A perverse will easily collects together a system of notions to
justify itself in its obliquity. J. H. Newman.

3. Sense; mind. [Obs.] Shak.

4. An invention; an ingenious device; a knickknack; as, Yankee
notions. [Colloq.]

5. Inclination; intention; disposition; as, I have a notion to do it.
[Colloq.]

NOTIONAL
No"tion*al, a.

1. Consisting of, or conveying, notions or ideas; expressing abstract
conceptions.

2. Existing in idea only; visionary; whimsical.
Discourses of speculative and notional things. Evelyn.

3. Given to foolish or visionary expectations; whimsical; fanciful;
as, a notional man.

NOTIONALITY
No`tion*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: A notional or groundless opinion. [R.] Glanvill.

NOTIONALLY
No"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In mental apprehension; in conception; not in reality.
Two faculties . . . notionally or really distinct. Norris.

NOTIONATE
No"tion*ate, a.

Defn: Notional. [R.]

NOTIONIST
No"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One whose opinions are ungrounded notions. [R.] Bp. Hopkins.

NOTIST
No"tist, n.

Defn: An annotator. [Obs.]

NOTOBRANCHIATA
No`to*bran`chi*a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Notum, and Branchia.]
(Zoöl.)
(a) A division of nudibranchiate mollusks having gills upon the back.
(b) The Dorsibranchiata.

NOTOBRANCHIATE
No`to*bran"chi*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Notobranchiata.

NOTOCHORD
No"to*chord, n. Etym: [Gr. chord.] (Anat.)

Defn: An elastic cartilagelike rod which is developed beneath the
medullary groove in the vertebrate embryo, and constitutes the
primitive axial skeleton around which the centra of the vertebræ and
the posterior part of the base of the skull are developed; the chorda
dorsalis. See Illust. of Ectoderm.

NOTOCHORDAL
No`to*chor"dal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the notochord; having a notochord.

NOTODONTIAN
No`to*don"tian, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of bombycid moths belonging to
Notodonta, Nerice, and allied genera. The caterpillar of these moths
has a hump, or spine, on its back.

NOTOPODIUM
No`to*po"di*um, n.; pl. L. Notopodia, E. Notopodiums. Etym: [NL., fr.
Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dorsal lobe or branch of a parapodium. See Parapodium.

NOTORHIZAL
No`to*rhi"zal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the radicle of the embryo lying against the back of one
of the cotyledons; incumbent.

NOTORIETY
No`to*ri"e*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. notoriété. See Notorious.]

Defn: The quality or condition of being notorious; the state of being
generally or publicly known; -- commonly used in an unfavorable
sense; as, the notoriety of a crime.
They were not subjects in their own nature so exposed to public
notoriety. Addison.

NOTORIOUS
No*to"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. notorius pointing out, making known, fr.
noscere, notum, to known: cf. F. notoire. See Know.]

Defn: Generally known and talked of by the public; universally
believed to be true; manifest to the world; evident; -- usually in an
unfavorable sense; as, a notorious thief; a notorious crime or vice.
Your goodness, Since you provoke me, shall be most notorious. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Distinguished; remarkable; conspicuous; celebrated; noted;
famous; renowned.
 -- No*to"ri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- No*to"ri*ous*ness, n.

NOTORNIS
No*tor"nis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds allied to the gallinules, but having
rudimentary wings and incapable of flight. Notornis Mantelli was
first known as a fossil bird of New Zealand, but subsequently a few
individuals were found living on the southern island. It is supposed
to be now nearly or quite extinct.

NOTOTHERIUM
No`to*the"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extinct genus of gigantic herbivorous marsupials, found in
the Pliocene formation of Australia.

NOTOTREMA
No`to*tre"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pouched, or marsupial, frog of South America.

NOT-PATED; NOTT-PATED
Not"-pat`ed, Nott"-pat`ed, a.

Defn: Same as Nott-headed. [Obs.] Shak.

NOTSELF
Not"self`, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: The negative of self. "A cognizance of notself." Sir. W.
Hamilton.

NOTT
Nott, a. Etym: [AS. hnot shorn.]

Defn: Shorn. [Obs.]

NOTT
Nott, v. t.

Defn: To shear. [Obs.] Stow.

NOTT-HEADED
Nott"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having the hair cut close. [Obs.] Chapman.

NOTTURNO
Not*tur"no, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Same as Nocturne.

NOTUM
No"tum, n.; pl. Nota. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The back.

NOTUS
No"tus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: The south wind.

NOTWHEAT
Not"wheat`, n. Etym: [Nott + wheat.]

Defn: Wheat not bearded. Carew.

NOTWITHSTANDING
Not`with*stand"ing, prep.

Defn: Without prevention, or obstruction from or by; in spite of.
We gentil women bee Loth to displease any wight, Notwithstanding our
great right. Chaucer's Dream.
Those on whom Christ bestowed miraculous cures were so transported
that their gratitude made them, notwithstanding his prohibition,
proclaim the wonders he had done. Dr. H. More.

Note: Notwithstanding was, by Johnson and Webster, viewed as a
participle absolute, an English equivalent of the Latin non obstante.
Its several meanings, either as preposition, adverb, or conjunction,
are capable of being explained in this view. Later grammarians, while
admitting that the word was originally a participle, and can be
treated as such, prefer to class it as a preposition or disjunctive
conjunction.

Syn.
 -- In spite of; despite.
 -- Notwithstanding, In spite of, Despite. These words and phrases
are often interchanged, but there is a difference between them,
chiefly in strength. Notwithstanding is the weaker term, and simply
points to some obstacle that may exist; as, I shall go,
notwithstanding the rain. In spite or despite of has reference
primarily to active opposition to be encountered from others; as,
"I'll be, in man's despite, a monarch; " "I'll keep mine own, despite
of all the world." Shak. Hence, these words, when applied to things,
suppose greater opposition than notwithstanding. We should say. "He
was thrust rudely out of doors in spite of his entreaties," rather
than "notwithstanding". On the other hand, it would be more civil to
say, "Notwithstanding all you have said, I must still differ with
you."

NOTWITHSTANDING
Not`with*stand"ing, adv. or conj. Etym: [Originally the participle of
withstand, with not prefixed.]

Defn: Nevertheless; however; although; as, I shall go,
notwithstanding it rains.
I will surely rend the kingdom from thee, and will give it to thy
servant. Notwithstanding, in thy days I will not do it. 1 Kings xi.
11, 12.
They which honor the law as an image of the wisdom of God himself,
are, notwithstanding, to know that the same had an end in Christ.
Hooker.
You did wisely and honestly too, notwithstanding She is the greatest
beauty in the parish. Fielding.
Notwithstanding that, notwithstanding; although.
These days were ages to him, notwithstanding that he was basking in
the smiles of the pretty Mary. W. Irving.

NOUCH
Nouch, n. Etym: [See Ouch.]

Defn: An ouch; a jewel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NOUGAT
Nou`gat", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A cake, sweetmeat, or confectión made with almonds or other
nuts.

NOUGHT
Nought, n. & adv.

Defn: See Naught. Chaucer.

NOULD
Nould. Etym: [Contr. fr. ne would.]

Defn: Would not. [Obs.] "By those who nould repent." Fairfax.

NOULE
Noule, n. Etym: [See Noll.]

Defn: The top of the head; the head or noll. [Obs.] Spenser.

NOUMENAL
Nou"me*nal, a. (Metaph.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the noumenon; real; -- opposed to
phenomenal. G. H. Lewes.

NOUMENON
Nou"me*non, n. Etym: [NL. fr. Gr. (Metaph.)

Defn: The of itself unknown and unknowable rational object, or thing
in itself, which is distinguished from the Ant: phenomenon through
which it is apprehended by the senses, and by which it is interpreted
and understood; -- so used in the philosophy of Kant and his
followers.

NOUN
Noun, n. Etym: [OF. noun, nun, num, non, nom, F. nom, fr. L. nomen
name. See Name.] (Gram.)

Defn: A word used as the designation or appellation of a creature or
thing, existing in fact or in thought; a substantive.

Note: By some grammarians the term noun is so used as to include
adjectives, as being descriptive; but in general it is limited to
substantives.

NOUNAL
Noun"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a noun.
Verbs which in whole or in part have shed their old nounal coat.
Earle.

NOUNIZE
Noun"ize, v. t.

Defn: To change (an adjective, verb, etc.) into a noun. Earle.

NOURICE
Nour"ice, n.

Defn: A nurse. [Obs.] Spenser.

NOURISH
Nour"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nourished; p. pr. & vb. n. Nourishing.]
Etym: [OE. norisen, norischen, OF. nurir, nurrir, norir, F. norrir,
fr. L. nutrire. Cf. Nurse, Nutriment, and see -ish.]

1. To feed and cause to grow; to supply with matter which increases
bulk or supplies waste, and promotes health; to furnish with
nutriment.
He planteth an ash, and the rain doth nourish it. Is. xliv. 14.

2. To support; to maintain.
Whiles I in Ireland nourish a mighty band. Shak.

3. To supply the means of support and increase to; to encourage; to
foster; as, to nourish rebellion; to nourish the virtues. "Nourish
their contentions." Hooker.

4. To cherish; to comfort.
Ye have nourished your hearts. James v. 5.

5. To educate; to instruct; to bring up; to nurture; to promote the
growth of in attainments. Chaucer.
Nourished up in the words of faith. 1 Tim. iv. 6.

Syn.
 -- To cherish; feed; supply. See Nurture.

NOURISH
Nour"ish, v. i.

1. To promote growth; to furnish nutriment.
Grains and roots nourish more than their leaves. Bacon.

2. To gain nourishment. [R.] Bacon.

NOURISH
Nour"ish, n.

Defn: A nurse. [Obs.] Hoolland.

NOURISHABLE
Nour"ish*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. nourrissable.]

1. Capable of being nourished; as, the nourishable parts of the body.
Grew.

2. Capable of giving nourishment. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

NOURISHER
Nour"ish*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, nourishes. Milton.

NOURISHING
Nour"ish*ing, a.

Defn: Promoting growth; nutritious,

NOURISHINGLY
Nour"ish*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Nutritively; cherishingly.

NOURISHMENT
Nour"ish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. norrissement.]

1. The act of nourishing, or the state of being nourished; nutrition.

2. That which serves to nourish; nutriment; food.
Learn to seek the nourishment of their souls. Hooker.

NOURITURE
Nour"i*ture, n.

Defn: Nurture. [Obs.] Spenser.

NOURSLE
Nour"sle, v. t. Etym: [Freq., fr. OE. nourse. See Nurse.]

Defn: To nurse; to rear; to bring up. [Obs.] [Written also nosel,
nousel, nousle, nowsle, nusle, nuzzle, etc.]
She noursled him till years he raught. Spenser.

NOUS
Nous, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Intellect; understanding; talent; -- used humorously.

NOUSEL; NOUSLE
Nous"el, Nou"sle, v. t. Etym: [See Noose.]

Defn: To insnare; to entrap. [Obs.] Johnson.

NOUTHE; NOWTHE
Nou"the, Now"the, adv. Etym: [Now + the.]

Defn: Just now; at present. [Obs.]
But thereof needeth not to speak as nouthe. Chaucer.

NOUVEAU RICHE; NOUVELLE RICHE
Nou`veau" riche", m., Nou`velle" riche", f.; pl. m. Noveaux riches
(#), f. Nouvelles riches (#). [F.]

Defn: A person newly rich.

NOVA
No"va (no"va), n.; pl. L. Novæ (-ve), E. Novas (-vaz). [L., fem.
sing. of novus new.] (Astron.)

Defn: A new star, usually appearing suddenly, shining for a brief
period, and then sinking into obscurity. Such appearances are
supposed to result from cosmic collisions, as of a dark star with
interstellar nebulosities. The most important modern novæ are: --
No"va Co*ro"næ Bo`re*a"lis [1866]; No"va Cyg"ni [1876]; No"va
An*dro"me*dæ [1885]; No"va Au*ri"gæ [1891-92]; No"va Per"se*i [1901].
There are two novæ called Nova Persei. They are:
 (a) A small nova which appeared in 1881.
 (b) An extraordinary nova which appeared in Perseus in 1901. It was
first sighted on February 22, and for one night (February 23) was the
brightest star in the sky. By July it had almost disappeared, after
which faint surrounding nebulous masses were discovered, apparently
moving radially outward from the star at incredible velocity.

NOVACULITE
No*vac"u*lite, n. Etym: [L. novacula a sharp knife, razor: cf. F.
novaculite.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of siliceous slate, of which hones are made; razor
stone; Turkey stone; hone stone; whet slate.

NOVATIAN
No*va"tian, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of the sect of Novatius, or Novatianus, who held that the
lapsed might not be received again into communion with the church,
and that second marriages are unlawful.

NOVATIANISM
No*va"tian*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrines or principles of the Novatians. Milner.

NOVATION
No*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. novatio; novus new: cf. F. novation.]

1. Innovation. [Obs.]
I shall easily grant that novations in religion are a main cause of
distempers in commonwealths. Laud.

2. (Law)

Defn: A substitution of a new debt for an old one; also, the
remodeling of an old obligation.

NOVATOR
No*va"tor, n.

Defn: An innovator. [Obs.]

NOVEL
Nov"el, a. Etym: [OF. novel, nuvel, F. nouvel, nouveau, L. novellus,
dim. of novus new. See New.]

Defn: Of recent origin or introduction; not ancient; new; hence, out
of the ordinary course; unusual; strange; surprising.

Note: In civil law, the novel or new constitutions are those which
are supplemental to the code, and posterior in time to the other
books. These contained new decrees of successive emperors. Novel
assignment (Law), a new assignment or specification of a suit.

Syn.
 -- New; recent; modern; fresh; strange; uncommon; rare; unusual.
 -- Novel, New . Everything at its first occurrence is new; that is
novel which is so much out of the ordinary course as to strike us
with surprise. That is a new sight which is beheld for the first
time; that is a novel sight which either was never seen before or is
seen but seldom. We have daily new inventions, but a novel one
supposes some very peculiar means of attaining its end. Novel
theories are regarded with distrust, as likely to prove more
ingenious than sound.

NOVEL
Nov"el, n. Etym: [F. nouvelle. See Novel, a.]

1. That which is new or unusual; a novelty.

2. pl.

Defn: News; fresh tidings. [Obs.]
Some came of curiosity to hear some novels. Latimer.

3. A fictitious tale or narrative, professing to be conformed to real
life; esp., one intended to exhibit the operation of the passions,
and particularly of love. Dryden.

4. Etym: [L. novellae (sc. constitutiones): cf. F. novelles.] (Law)

Defn: A new or supplemental constitution. See the Note under Novel,
a.

NOVELETTE
Nov`el*ette", n. Etym: [Dim. of novel, n. See Novel.]

Defn: A short novel.

NOVELISM
Nov"el*ism, n.

Defn: Innovation. [Obs.]

NOVELIST
Nov"el*ist, n.

1. An innovator; an asserter of novelty. [Obs.] Cudworth.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. nouvelliste, It. novellista.]

Defn: A writer of news. [Obs.] Tatler (178).

3. Etym: [Cf. F. nouvelliste.]

Defn: A writer of a novel or novels.

NOVELIZE
Nov"el*ize, v. i.

Defn: To innovate. [Obs.]

NOVELIZE
Nov"el*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Novelized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Novelizing.]

1. To innovate. [Obs.]

2. To put into the form of novels; to represent by fiction. "To
novelize history." Sir J. Herschel.

NOVELRY
Nov"el*ry, n. Etym: [OF. novelerie.]

Defn: Novelty; new things. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NOVELTY
Nov"el*ty, n.; pl. Novelties. Etym: [OF. novelté, F. nouveauté, L.
novellitas.]

1. The quality or state of being novel; newness; freshness;
recentness of origin or introduction.
Novelty is the great parent of pleasure. South.

2. Something novel; a new or strange thing.

NOVEMBER
No*vem"ber, n. Etym: [L. November, or Novembris (sc. mensis), the
ninth month of the old Roman year, which began with March, fr. novem
nine: cf. F. Novembre. See Nine.]

Defn: The eleventh month of the year, containing thirty days.

NOVENARY
Nov"e*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. novenarius, from novem nine.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the number nine.

NOVENARY
Nov"e*na*ry, n.

Defn: The number of nine units; nine, collectively.

NOVENE
No"vene, a. Etym: [L. novenus nine each, in LL., ninth, fr. L. novem
nine.]

Defn: Relating to, or dependent on, the number nine; novenary. [R.]
The triple and novene division ran throughout. Milman.

NOVENNIAL
No*ven"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. novennis of nine years; novem nine + annus
year.]

Defn: Done or recurring every ninth year.

NOVERCAL
No*ver"cal, a. Etym: [L. novennis of nine years; novem nine + annus
year.]

Defn: Done or recurring every ninth year.

NOVERCAL
No*ver"cal, a. Etym: [L. novercalis, from noverca a stepmother.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a stepmother; suitable to, or in the manner
of, a stepmother. Derham.

NOVICE
Nov"ice, n. Etym: [F., from L. novicius, novitius, new, from novus
new. See New, and cf. Novitious.]

1. One who is new in any business, profession, or calling; one
unacquainted or unskilled; one yet in the rudiments; a beginner; a
tyro.
I am young; a novice in the trade. Dryden.

2. One newly received into the church, or one newly converted to the
Christian faith. 1 Tim. iii. 6.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: One who enters a religious house, whether of monks or nuns, as
a probationist. Shipley.
No poore cloisterer, nor no novys. Chaucer.

NOVICE
Nov"ice, a.

Defn: Like a novice; becoming a novice. [Obs.]

NOVICESHIP
Nov"ice*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a novice; novitiate.

NOVILUNAR
No`vi*lu"nar, a. Etym: [L. novus new + luna the moon.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the new moon. [R.]

NOVITIATE
No*vi"ti*ate, n. Etym: [LL. novitiatus: cf. F. noviciat.]

1. The state of being a novice; time of initiation or instruction in
rudiments.

2. Hence: Time of probation in a religious house before taking the
vows.

3. One who is going through a novitiate, or period of probation; a
novice. Addison.

4. The place where novices live or are trained. [R.]

NOVITIOUS
No*vi"tious, a. Etym: [L. novitius, novicius.]

Defn: Newly invented; recent; new. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

NOVITY
Nov"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. novitas, fr. novus new.]

Defn: Newness; novelty. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

NOVUM
No"vum, n.

Defn: A game at dice, properly called novem quinque (L., nine five),
the two principal throws being nine and five. [Obs.] Shak.

NOW
Now, adv. Etym: [OE. nou, nu, AS. nu, nu; akin to D., OS., & OHG. nu,
G. nu, nun, Icel., nu, Dan., Sw., & Goth. nu, L. nunc, Gr. nu, nu.
*193. Cf. New.]

1. At the present time; at this moment; at the time of speaking;
instantly; as, I will write now.
I have a patient now living, at an advanced age, who discharged blood
from his lungs thirty years ago. Arbuthnot.

2. Very lately; not long ago.
They that but now, for honor and for plate, Made the sea blush with
blood, resign their hate. Waller.

3. At a time contemporaneous with something spoken of or
contemplated; at a particular time referred to.
The ship was now in the midst of the sea. Matt. xiv. 24.

4. In present circumstances; things being as they are; -- hence, used
as a connective particle, to introduce an inference or an
explanation.
How shall any man distinguish now betwixt a parasite and a man of
honor L'Estrange.
Why should he live, now nature bankrupt is Shak.
Then cried they all again, saying, Not this man, but Barabbas. Now,
Barabbas was a robber. John xviii. 40.
The other great and undoing mischief which befalls men is, by their
being misrepresented. Now, by calling evil good, a man is
misrepresented to others in the way of slander. South.
Now and again, now and then; occasionally.
 -- Now and now, again and again; repeatedly. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- Now and then, at one time and another; indefinitely;
occasionally; not often; at intervals. "A mead here, there a heath,
and now and then a wood." Drayton.
 -- Now now, at this very instant; precisely now. [Obs.] "Why, even
now now, at holding up of this finger, and before the turning down of
this." J. Webster (1607).
 -- Now . . . now, alternately; at one time . . . at another time.
"Now high, now low, now master up, now miss." Pope.

NOW
Now, a.

Defn: Existing at the present time; present. [R.] "Our now
happiness." Glanvill.

NOW
Now, n.

Defn: The present time or moment; the present.
Nothing is there to come, and nothing past; But an eternal now does
ever last. Cowley.

NOWADAYS
Now"a*days`, adv. Etym: [For now on (OE. an) days. See A-, 1.]

Defn: In these days; at the present time.
What men of spirit, nowadays, Come to give sober judgment of new
plays Garrick.

NOWAY; NOWAYS
No"way`, No"ways`, adv. Etym: [No, a. + way. Cf. -wards.]

Defn: In no manner or degree; not at all; nowise.
But Ireland will noways allow that name unto it. Fuller.

NOWCH
Nowch, n.

Defn: See Nouch. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NOWD
Nowd, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European gray gurnard (Trigla gurnardus). [Written also
knoud.]

NOWED
Now"ed, a. Etym: [F. noué, p. p. of nouer to knot, fr. L. nodare. See
Nodated.] (Her.)

Defn: Knotted; tied in a knot, as a serpent.

NOWEL
Now"el, n. Etym: [See Noel.] [Written also noël.]

1. Christmas; also, a shout of joy at Christmas for the birth of the
Savior. [Obs.]

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of hymn, or canticle, of mediæval origin, sung in honor
of the Nativity of our Lord; a Christmas carol. Grove.

NOWEL
Now"el, n. Etym: [F. noyau, prop., a kernel. See Noyau, Newel a
post.] (Founding)
(a) The core, or the inner part, of a mold for casting a large hollow
object.
(b) The bottom part of a mold or of a flask, in distinction from the
cope; the drag.

NOWES
Nowes, n. pl. Etym: [From OF. nous. See Noose, Node.]

Defn: The marriage knot. [Obs.] Crashaw.

NOWHERE
No"where`, adv. Etym: [AS. nahwær. See No, and Where.]

Defn: Not anywhere; not in any place or state; as, the book is
nowhere to be found.

NOWHITHER
No"whith`er, adv. Etym: [No + whither.]

Defn: Not anywhither; in no direction; nowhere. [Archaic] "Thy
servant went nowhither." 2 Kings v. 25.

NOWISE
No"wise`, adv. Etym: [For in no wise. See Wise, n.]

Defn: Not in any manner or degree; in no way; noways.
Others whose case is nowise different. Earle.

NOWT
Nowt, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Neat cattle.

NOWTHE
Now"the.

Defn: See Nouthe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NOXIOUS
Nox"ious, a. Etym: [L. noxius, fr. noxa harm; akin to nocere to harm,
hurt. Cf. Nuisance, Necromancy.]

1. Hurtful; harmful; baneful; pernicious; injurious; destructive;
unwholesome; insalubrious; as, noxious air, food, or climate;
pernicious; corrupting to morals; as, noxious practices or examples.
Too frequent an appearance in places of public resort is noxious to
spiritual promotions. Swift.

2. Guilty; criminal. [R.]
Those who are noxious in the eye of the law. Abp. Bramhall.

Syn.
 -- Noisome; hurtful; harmful; injurious; destructive; pernicious;
mischievous; corrupting; baneful; unwholesome; insalubrious. See
Noisome.
 -- Nox"ious*ly, adv.
 -- Nox"ious*ness, n.

NOY
Noy, v. t. Etym: [See Annoy.]

Defn: To annoy; to vex. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Piers Plowman.
All that noyed his heavy spright. Spenser.

NOY
Noy, n.

Defn: That which annoys. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

NOYADE
No`yade", n. [F., fr. noyer to drown, L. necare to kill.]

Defn: A drowning of many persons at once, -- a method of execution
practiced at Nantes in France during the Reign of Terror, by Jean
Baptiste Carrier.

NOYANCE
Noy"ance

Defn: , Annoyance. [Obs.] Spenser.

NOYAU
Noy`au", n. Etym: [F., prop., the stone or nut of a fruit, fr. L.
nucalis like a nut. See Newel a post.]

Defn: A cordial of brandy, etc., flavored with the kernel of the
bitter almond, or of the peach stone, etc.

NOYER
Noy"er, n.

Defn: An annoyer. [Obs.] Tusser.

NOYFUL
Noy"ful, a.

Defn: Full of annoyance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NOYLS
Noyls, n. pl.

Defn: See Noils.

NOYOUS
Noy"ous, a.

Defn: Annoying; disagreeable. [Obs.]
Watch the noyous night, and wait for Spenser.

NOZLE
No"zle, n.

Defn: Nozzle. [Obs.]

NOZZLE
Noz"zle, n. Etym: [A dim. of nose. sq. root261] [Written also nosle.]

1. The nose; the snout; hence, the projecting vent of anything; as,
the nozzle of a bellows.

2. Specifically:
(a) A short tube, usually tapering, forming the vent of a hose or
pipe.
(b) A short outlet, or inlet, pipe projecting from the end or side of
a hollow vessel, as a steam-engine cylinder or a steam boiler.

NUANCE
Nu`ance", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A shade of difference; a delicate gradation.

NUB
Nub, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Knob.]

Defn: To push; to nudge; also, to beckon. [Prov. Eng.]

NUB
Nub, n.

Defn: A jag, or snag; a knob; a protuberance; also, the point or
gist, as of a story. [Colloq.]

NUBBIN
Nub"bin, n.

Defn: A small or imperfect ear of maize. [Colloq. U. S.]

NUBBLE
Nub"ble, v. t. Etym: [Cf. LG. nubben to knock, cuff.]

Defn: To beat or bruise with the fist. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

NUBECULA
Nu*bec"u*la, n.; pl. Nubeculæ (-le). Etym: [L., dim. of nubes cloud.]

1. (Astron.)
(a) A nebula. (b) pl.

Defn: Specifically, the Magellanic clouds.

2. (Med.)
(a) A slight spot on the cornea.
(b) A cloudy object or appearance in urine. Dunglison.

NUBIA
Nu"bi*a, n. Etym: [From L. nubes cloud.]

Defn: A light fabric of wool, worn on the head by women; a cloud.

NUBIAN
Nu"bi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Nubia in Eastern Africa.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Nubia.

NUBIFEROUS
Nu*bif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. nubifer; nubes cloud + ferre to bear: cf.
F. nubifère.]

Defn: Bringing, or producing, clouds.

NUBIGENOUS
Nu*big"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. nubes cloud + -genous.]

Defn: Born of, or produced from, clouds. [R.]

NUBILATE
Nu"bi*late, v. t. Etym: [L. nubilatus, p. p. of nubilare to cloud,
fr. nubes cloud.]

Defn: To cloud. [Obs.]

NUBILE
Nu"bile, a. Etym: [L. nubilis, fr. nubere to marry: cf. F. nubile.
See Nuptial.]

Defn: Of an age suitable for marriage; marriageable. Prior.

NUBILITY
Nu*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. nubilité .]

Defn: The state of being marriageable. [R.]

NUBILOSE; NUBILOUS
Nu"bi*lose`, Nu"bi*lous, a. Etym: [L. nubilosus, nubilus, fr. nubes
cloud.]

Defn: Cloudy. [R.]

NUCAMENT
Nu"ca*ment, n. Etym: [L. nucamenta fir cones, fr. nux, nucis, a nut.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A catkin or ament; the flower cluster of the hazel, pine,
willow, and the like.

NUCAMENTACEOUS
Nu`ca*men*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [See Nucament.] (Bot.)

Defn: Like a nut either in structure or in being indehiscent; bearing
one-seeded nutlike fruits. [Written also nucumentaceous.]

NUCELLUS
Nu*cel"lus, n.; pl. Nucelli. Etym: [NL., dim. of nux, nucis, a nut.]
(Bot.)

Defn: See Nucleus, 3 (a).

NUCHA
Nu"cha, n.; pl. Nuch. Etym: [LL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The back or upper part of the neck; the nape.

NUCHAL
Nu"chal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. nucal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the back, or nape, of
the neck; -- applied especially to the anterior median plate in the
carapace of turtles.

NUCIFEROUS
Nu*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. nux, nucis, nut + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing, or producing, nuts.

NUCIFORM
Nu"ci*form, a. Etym: [L. nux, nucis, nut + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Shaped like a nut; nut-shaped.

NUCIN
Nu"cin, n. Etym: [L. nux, nucis, a nut.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Juglone.

NUCLEAL; NUCLEAR
Nu"cle*al, Nu"cle*ar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a nucleus; as, the nuclear spindle (see
Illust. of Karyokinesis) or the nuclear fibrils of a cell; the
nuclear part of a comet, etc.

NUCLEATE
Nu"cle*ate, a. Etym: [L. nucleatus having a kernel.]

Defn: Having a nucleus; nucleated.

NUCLEATE
Nu"cle*ate, v. t. Etym: [Cf. L. nucleare to become kernelly.]

Defn: To gather, as about a nucleus or center.

NUCLEATED
Nu"cle*a`ted, a.

Defn: Having a nucleus; nucleate; as, nucleated cells.

NUCLEIFORM
Nu*cle"i*form, a. Etym: [L. nucleus kernel + -form.]

Defn: Formed like a nucleus or kernel.

NUCLEIN
Nu"cle*in, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A constituent of the nuclei of all cells. It is a colorless
amorphous substance, readily soluble in alkaline fluids and
especially characterized by its comparatively large content of
phosphorus. It also contains nitrogen and sulphur.

NUCLEOBRANCH
Nu"cle*o*branch, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Nucleobranchiata.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Nucleobranchiata.

NUCLEOBRANCHIATA
Nu`cle*o*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Nucleus, and Branchia]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: See Heteropoda.

NUCLEOIDIOPLASMA
Nu`cle*o*id`i*o*plas"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Nucleus, and Idioplasma.]
(Biol.)

Defn: Hyaline plasma contained in the nucleus of vegetable cells.

NUCLEOLAR
Nu*cle"o*lar, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the nucleolus of a cell.

NUCLEOLATED
Nu"cle*o*la`ted, a.

Defn: Having a nucleole, or second inner nucleus.

NUCLEOLE
Nu"cle*ole, n. Etym: [See Nucleolus.]

Defn: The nucleus within a nucleus; nucleolus.

NUCLEOLUS
Nu*cle"o*lus, n.; pl. Nucleoli. Etym: [L., a little nut, dim. of
nucleus.]

1. A little nucleus.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A small rounded body contained in the nucleus of a cell or a
protozoan.

Note: It was termed by Agassiz the entoblast. In the protozoa, where
it may be situated on one side of the nucleus, it is sometimes called
the endoplastule, and is supposed to be concerned in the male part of
the reproductive process. See Nucleus.

NUCLEOPLASM
Nu"cle*o*plasm, n. Etym: [Nucleus + -plasm.] (Biol.)

Defn: The matter composing the nucleus of a cell; the protoplasm of
the nucleus; karyoplasma.

NUCLEOPLASMIC
Nu`cle*o*plas"mic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to nucleoplasm; -- esp. applied to a body
formed in the developing ovum from the plasma of the nucleus of the
germinal vesicle.

NUCLEUS
Nu"cle*us, n.; pl. E. Nucleuses, L. Nuclei. Etym: [L., a kernel, dim.
fr. nux, nucis, nut. Cf. Newel post.]

1. A kernel; hence, a central mass or point about which matter is
gathered, or to which accretion is made; the central or material
portion; -- used both literally and figuratively.
It must contain within itself a nucleus of truth. I. Taylor.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The body or the head of a comet.

3. (Bot.)
(a) An incipient ovule of soft cellular tissue.
(b) A whole seed, as contained within the seed coats.

4. (Biol.)

Defn: A body, usually spheroidal, in a cell or a protozoan,
distinguished from the surrounding protoplasm by a difference in
refrangibility and in behavior towards chemical reagents. It is more
or less protoplasmic, and consists of a clear fluid (achromatin)
through which extends a network of fibers (chromatin) in which may be
suspended a second rounded body, the nucleolus (see Nucleoplasm). See
Cell division, under Division.

Note: The nucleus is sometimes termed the endoplast or endoblast, and
in the protozoa is supposed to be concerned in the female part of the
reproductive process. See Karyokinesis.

5. (Zoöl.)
(a) The tip, or earliest part, of a univalve or bivalve shell.
(b) The central part around which additional growths are added, as of
an operculum.
(c) A visceral mass, containing the stomach and other organs, in
Tunicata and some mollusks.

NUCULA
Nu"cu*la, n. Etym: [L., little nut, dim. of nux, nucis, a nut.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small marine bivalve shells, having a pearly
interior.

NUCULE
Nu"cule, n. Etym: [L. nucula a small nut.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Nutlet.

NUCUMENTACEOUS
Nu`cu*men*ta"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: See Nucamentaceous.

NUDATION
Nu*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. nudatio, fr. nudare to make naked, fr. nudus
naked. See Nude.]

Defn: The act of stripping, or making bare or naked.

NUDDLE
Nud"dle, v. i.

Defn: To walk quickly with the head bent forward; -- often with
along. [Prov. Eng.]

NUDE
Nude, a. Etym: [L. nudus. See Naked.]

1. Bare; naked; unclothed; undraped; as, a nude statue.

2. (Law)

Defn: Naked; without consideration; void; as, a nude contract. See
Nudum pactum. Blackstone. The nude, the undraped human figure in art.
 -- Nude"ly, adv.- Nude"ness, n.

NUDGE
Nudge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nudge; p. pr. & vb. n. Nudging.] Etym:
[Cf. Prov. G. knütschen to squeeze, pinch, E. Knock.]

Defn: To touch gently, as with the elbow, in order to call attention
or convey intimation.

NUDGE
Nudge, n.

Defn: A gentle push, or jog, as with the elbow.

NUDIBRACHIATE
Nu`di*brach"i*ate, a. Etym: [L. nudus naked + brachium an arm.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Having tentacles without vibratile cilia. Carpenter.

NUDIBRANCH
Nu"di*branch, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Nudibranchiata.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Nudibranchiata.

NUDIBRANCHIATA
Nu`di*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Nude, and Branchia.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of opisthobranchiate mollusks, having no shell
except while very young. The gills are naked and situated upon the
back or sides. See Ceratobranchia.

NUDIBRANCHIATE
Nu`di*bran"chi*ate, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Nudibranch.

NUDICAUL
Nu"di*caul, a. Etym: [L. nudus naked + caulis stem.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the stems leafless.

NUDIFICATION
Nu`di*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. nudus naked + -ficare (in comp.) to
make. See -fy.]

Defn: The act of making nude.

NUDITY
Nu"di*ty, n.; pl. Nudities. Etym: [Cf. F. nudité .]

1. The quality or state of being nude; nakedness.

2. That which is nude or naked; naked part; undraped or unclothed
portion; esp. (Fine Arts), the human figure represented unclothed;
any representation of nakedness; -- chiefly used in the plural and in
a bad sense.
There are no such licenses permitted in poetry any more than in
painting, to design and color obscene nudities. Dryden.

NUDUM PACTUM
Nu"dum pac"tum. Etym: [L., a nude pact.] (Law)

Defn: A bare, naked contract, without any consideration. Tomlins.

NUGACITY
Nu*gac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. nugacitas, fr. nugax, -acis, trifling.]

Defn: Futility; trifling talk or behavior; drollery. [R.] Dr. H.
More.

NUGAE
Nu"gæ, n. pl. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Trifles; jests.

NUGATION
Nu*ga"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. nugation.]

Defn: The act or practice of trifling. [R.] Bacon.

NUGATORY
Nu"ga*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. nugatorius, fr. nugari to trifle, nugae
jests, trifles.]

1. Trifling; vain; futile; insignificant.

2. Of no force; inoperative; ineffectual.
If all are pardoned, and pardoned as a mere act of clemency, the very
substance of government is made nugatory. I. Taylor.

NUGGET
Nug"get, n. Etym: [Earlier niggot, prob. for nigot, an ingot. See
Ingot.]

Defn: A lump; a mass, esp. a native lump of a precious metal; as, a
nugget of gold.

NUGIFY
Nu"gi*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. nuggae trifles + -fy.]

Defn: To render trifling or futile; to make silly. [R.] Coleridge.

NUISANCE
Nui"sance, n. Etym: [OE. noisance, OF. noisance, nuisance, fr. L.
nocentia guilt, fr. nocere to hurt, harm; akin to necare to kill. Cf
Necromancy, Nocent, Noxious, Pernicious.]

Defn: That which annoys or gives trouble and vexation; that which is
offensive or noxious.

Note: Nuisances are public when they annoy citizens in general;
private, when they affect individuals only.

NUISANCER
Nui"san*cer, n. (Law)

Defn: One who makes or causes a nuisance.

NUL
Nul, a. Etym: [F. See Null, a.] (Law)

Defn: No; not any; as, nul disseizin; nul tort.

NULL
Null, a. Etym: [L. nullus not any, none; ne not + ullus any, a dim.
of unus one; cf. F. nul. See No, and One, and cf. None.]

Defn: Of no legal or binding force or validity; of no efficacy;
invalid; void; nugatory; useless.
Faultily faultless, icily regular, splendidly null, Dead perfection;
no more. Tennyson.

NULL
Null, n.

1. Something that has no force or meaning.

2. That which has no value; a cipher; zero. Bacon. Null method
(Physics.), a zero method. See under Zero.

NULL
Null, v. t. Etym: [From null, a., or perh. abbrev. from annul.]

Defn: To annul. [Obs.] Milton.

NULL
Null, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: One of the beads in nulled work.

NULLAH
Nul"lah, n. [Hind. nala, fr. Skr. nala tube.]

Defn: A water course, esp. a dry one; a gully; a gorge; -- orig. an
East Indian term.  E. Arnold.

NULLED
Nulled, a.

Defn: Turned so as to resemble nulls. Nulled work (Cabinetwork),
ornamental turned work resembling nulls or beads strung on a rod.

NULLIBIETY
Nul`li*bi"e*ty, n. Etym: [L. nullibi nowhere.]

Defn: The state or condition of being nowhere. [Obs.]

NULLIFICATION
Nul`li*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. nullificatio contempt. See Nullify.]

Defn: The act of nullifying; a rendering void and of no effect, or of
no legal effect. Right of nullification (U. S. Hist.), the right
claimed in behalf of a State to nullify or make void, by its
sovereign act or decree, an enactment of the general government which
it deems unconstitutional.

NULLIFIDIAN
Nul`li*fid"i*an, a. Etym: [L. nullus none + fide faith.]

Defn: Of no faith; also, not trusting to faith for salvation; --
opposed to Ant: solifidian. Feltham.

NULLIFIDIAN
Nul`li*fid"i*an, n.

Defn: An unbeliever. B. Jonson.

NULLIFIER
Nul"li*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who nullifies or makes void; one who maintains the right to
nullify a contract by one of the parties.

NULLIFY
Nul"li*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nullified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Nullifying.] Etym: [L. nullificare; nullus none + -ficare (in comp.)
to make. See Null, a., and -fy.]

Defn: To make void; to render invalid; to deprive of legal force or
efficacy.
Such correspondence would at once nullify the conditions of the
probationary system. I. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- To abrogate; revoke; annul; repeal; invalidate; cancel. See
Abolish.

NULLIPORE
Nul"li*pore, n. Etym: [L. nullus none + porus pope.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name for certain crustaceous marine algæ which secrete
carbonate of lime on their surface, and were formerly thought to be
of animal nature. They are now considered corallines of the genera
Melobesia and Lithothamnion.

NULLITY
Nul"li*ty, n.; pl. Nullities. Etym: [LL. nullitias, fr. L. nullus
none: cf. F. nullité . See Null.]

1. The quality or state of being null; nothingness; want of efficacy
or force.

2. (Law)

Defn: Nonexistence; as, a decree of nullity of marriage is a decree
that no legal marriage exists.

3. That which is null.
Was it not absurd to say that the convention was supreme in the
state, and yet a nullity Macaulay.

NUMB
Numb, a. Etym: [OE. nume, nome, prop., seized, taken, p. p. of nimen
to take, AS. niman, p. p. numen. *7. See Nimble, Nomad, and cf.
Benumb.]

1. Enfeebled in, or destitute of, the power of sensation and motion;
rendered torpid; benumbed; insensible; as, the fingers or limbs are
numb with cold. "A stony image, cold and numb." Shak.

2. Producing numbness; benumbing; as, the numb, cold night. [Obs.]
Shak.

NUMB
Numb, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Numbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Numbing.]

Defn: To make numb; to deprive of the power of sensation or motion;
to render senseless or inert; to deaden; to benumb; to stupefy.
For lazy winter numbs the laboring hand. Dryden.
Like dull narcotics, numbing pain. Tennyson.

NUMBEDNESS
Numb"ed*ness, n.

Defn: Numbness. [Obs.] Wiseman.

NUMBER
Num"ber, n. Etym: [OE. nombre, F. nombre, L. numerus; akin to Gr.
Numb, Nomad, and cf. Numerate, Numero, Numerous.]

1. That which admits of being counted or reckoned; a unit, or an
aggregate of units; a numerable aggregate or collection of
individuals; an assemblage made up of distinct things expressible by
figures.

2. A collection of many individuals; a numerous assemblage; a
multitude; many.
Ladies are always of great use to the party they espouse, and never
fail to win over numbers. Addison.

3. A numeral; a word or character denoting a number; as, to put a
number on a door.

4. Numerousness; multitude.
Number itself importeth not much in armies where the people are of
weak courage. Bacon.

5. The state or quality of being numerable or countable.
Of whom came nations, tribes, people, and kindreds out of number. 2
Esdras iii. 7.

6. Quantity, regarded as made up of an aggregate of separate things.

7. That which is regulated by count; poetic measure, as divisions of
time or number of syllables; hence, poetry, verse; -- chiefly used in
the plural.
I lisped in numbers, for the numbers came. Pope.

8. (Gram.)

Defn: The distinction of objects, as one, or more than one (in some
languages, as one, or two, or more than two), expressed (usually) by
a difference in the form of a word; thus, the singular number and the
plural number are the names of the forms of a word indicating the
objects denoted or referred to by the word as one, or as more than
one.

9. (Math.)

Defn: The measure of the relation between quantities or things of the
same kind; that abstract species of quantity which is capable of
being expressed by figures; numerical value. Abstract number,
Abundant number, Cardinal number, etc. See under Abstract, Abundant,
etc.
 -- In numbers, in numbered parts; as, a book published in numbers.

NUMBER
Num"ber, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Numbered; p. pr & vb. n. Numbering.]
Etym: [OE. nombren, noumbren, F. nombrer, fr. L. numerare, numeratum.
See Number, n.]

1. To count; to reckon; to ascertain the units of; to enumerate.
If a man can number the dust of the earth, then shall thy seed also
be numbered. Gen. xiii. 16.

2. To reckon as one of a collection or multitude.
He was numbered with the transgressors. Is. liii. 12.

3. To give or apply a number or numbers to; to assign the place of in
a series by order of number; to designate the place of by a number or
numeral; as, to number the houses in a street, or the apartments in a
building.

4. To amount; to equal in number; to contain; to consist of; as, the
army numbers fifty thousand.
Thy tears can not number the dead. Campbell.
Numbering machine, a machine for printing consecutive numbers, as on
railway tickets, bank bills, etc.

Syn.
 -- To count; enumerate; calculate; tell.

NUMBERER
Num"ber*er, n.

Defn: One who numbers.

NUMBERFUL
Num"ber*ful, a.

Defn: Numerous. [Obs.]

NUMBERLESS
Num"ber*less, a.

Defn: Innumerable; countless.

NUMBEROUS
Num"ber*ous, a.

Defn: Numerous. [Obs.] Drant.

NUMBERS
Num"bers, n. pl.

Defn: of Number. The fourth book of the Pentateuch, containing the
census of the Hebrews.

NUMBFISH
Numb"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The torpedo, which numbs by the electric shocks which it gives.

NUMBLESS
Num"bless, n. pl.

Defn: See Nombles.

NUMBNESS
Numb"ness, n.

Defn: The condition of being numb; that state of a living body in
which it loses, wholly or in part, the power of feeling or motion.

NUMERABLE
Nu"mer*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. numerabilis. See Number, v. t.]

Defn: Capable of being numbered or counted.

NUMERAL
Nu"mer*al, a. Etym: [L. numeralis, fr. numerus number: cf. F.
numéral. See Number, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to number; consisting of number or numerals.
A long train of numeral progressions. Locke.

2. Expressing number; representing number; as, numeral letters or
characters, as X or 10 for ten.

NUMERAL
Nu"mer*al, n.

1. A figure or character used to express a number; as, the Arabic
numerals, 1, 2, 3, etc.; the Roman numerals, I, V, X, L, etc.

2. A word expressing a number.

NUMERALLY
Nu"mer*al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to number; in number; numerically.

NUMERARY
Nu"mer*a*ry, a. Etym: [LL. numerarius: cf. F. numéraire.]

Defn: Belonging to a certain number; counting as one of a collection
or body.
A supernumerary canon, when he obtains a prebend, becomes a numerary
canon. Ayliffe.

NUMERATE
Nu"mer*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Numerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Numerating.] Etym: [L. numeratus, p. p. of numerare to count. See
Number, v.] (Arith.)

Defn: To divide off and read according to the rules of numeration;
as, to numerate a row of figures.

NUMERATION
Nu`mer*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. numeratio a counting out: cf. F.
numération.]

1. The act or art of numbering.
Numeration is but still the adding of one unit more, and giving to
the whole a new name or sign. Locke.

2. The act or art of reading numbers when expressed by means of
numerals. The term is almost exclusively applied to the art of
reading numbers written in the scale of tens, by the Arabic method.
Davies & Peck.

Note: For convenience in reading, numbers are usually separated by
commas into periods of three figures each, as 1,155,465. According to
what is called the "English" system, the billion is a million of
millions, a trillion a million of billions, and each higher
denomination is a million times the one preceding. According to the
system of the French and other Continental nations and also that of
the United States, the billion is a thousand millions, and each
higher denomination is a thousand times the preceding.

NUMERATIVE
Nu"mer*a*tive, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to numeration; as, a numerative system. Eng.
Cyc.

NUMERATOR
Nu"mer*a"tor, n. Etym: [L. numerator: cf. F. numérateur.]

1. One who numbers.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The term in a fraction which indicates the number of fractional
units that are taken.

Note: In a vulgar fraction the numerator is written above a line;
thus, in the fraction 5/9 (five ninths) 5 is the numerator; in a
decimal fraction it is the number which follows the decimal point.
See Fraction.

NUMERIC; NUMERICAL
Nu*mer"ic, Nu*mer"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. numérique. See Number, n.]

1. Belonging to number; denoting number; consisting in numbers;
expressed by numbers, and not letters; as, numerical characters; a
numerical equation; a numerical statement.

Note: Numerical, as opposed to algebraical, is used to denote a value
irrespective of its sign; thus, -5 is numerically greater than -3,
though algebraically less.

2.2. The same in number; hence, identically the same; identical; as,
the same numerical body. [Obs.] South.
Would to God that all my fellow brethren, which with me bemoan the
loss of their books, . . . might rejoice for the recovery thereof,
though not the same numerical volumes. Fuller.
Numerical equation (Alg.), an equation which has all the quantities
except the unknown expressed in numbers; -- distinguished from
literal equation.
 -- Numerical value of an equation or expression, that deduced by
substituting numbers for the letters, and reducing.

NUMERIC
Nu*mer"ic, n. (Math.)

Defn: Any number, proper or improper fraction, or incommensurable
ratio. The term also includes any imaginary expression like m + nsq.
root-1, where m and n are real numerics.

NUMERICALLY
Nu*mer"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a numerical manner; in numbers; with respect to number, or
sameness in number; as, a thing is numerically the same, or
numerically different.

NUMERIST
Nu"mer*ist, n.

Defn: One who deals in numbers. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

NUMERO
Nu"me*ro, n. Etym: [It., or F. numéro ; both fr. L. numerus number.]

Defn: Number; -- often abbrev. No.

NUMEROSITY
Nu`mer*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. numerositas.]

1. The state of being numerous; numerousness. [Obs.]

2. Rhythm; harmony; flow. [Obs.]
The numerosity of the sentence pleased the ear. S. Parr.

NUMEROUS
Nu"mer*ous, a. Etym: [L. numerosus. See Number.]

1. Consisting of a great number of units or individual objects; being
many; as, a numerous army.
Such and so numerous was their chivalry. Milton.

2. Consisting of poetic numbers; rhythmical; measured and counted;
melodious; musical. [Obs.]
Such prompt eloquence Flowed from their lips, in prose or numerous
verse. Milton.
-- Nu"mer*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Nu"mer*ous*ness, n.

NUMIDIAN
Nu*mid"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ancient Numidia in Northern Africa.
Numidian crane. (Zoöl.) See Demoiselle, 2.

NUMISMATIC; NUMISMATICAL
Nu`mis*mat"ic, Nu`mis*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. numisma, nomisma, a
piece of money, coin, fr. Gr. numismatique. See Nomad.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to coins; relating to the science of coins or
medals.

NUMISMATICS
Nu`mis*mat"ics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. numismatique.]

Defn: The science of coins and medals.

NUMISMATIST
Nu*mis"ma*tist, n.

Defn: One skilled in numismatics; a numismatologist.

NUMISMATOGRAPHY
Nu*mis`ma*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [L. numisma, -atis (Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A treatise on, or description of, coins and medals.

NUMISMATOLOGIST
Nu*mis`ma*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in numismatology.

NUMISMATOLOGY
Nu*mis`ma*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. numisma, -atis + -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of coins and medals, in their relation
to history; numismatics.

NUMMARY
Num"ma*ry, a. Etym: [L. nummarius, from nummus a coin.]

Defn: Of or relating to coins or money.

NUMMULAR; NUMMULARY
Num"mu*lar, Num"mu*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. nummularius, fr. nummulus,
dim. of nummus a coin: cf. F. nummulaire.]

1. Of or pertaining to coin or money; pecuniary; as, the nummulary
talent.

2. (Pathol.)

Defn: Having the appearance or form of a coin. "Nummular sputa." Sir
T. Watson.

NUMMULATION
Num`mu*la"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The arrangement of the red blood corpuscles in rouleaux, like
piles of coins, as when a drop of human blood is examined under the
microscope.

NUMMULITE
Num"mu*lite, n. Etym: [L. nummus a coin + -lite: cf. F. nummulite.]
(Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil of the genus Nummulites and allied genera.

NUMMULITES
Num`mu*li"tes, n. Etym: [NL. See Nummulite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct Tertiary Foraminifera, having a thin, flat,
round shell, containing a large number of small chambers arranged
spirally.

NUMMULITIC
Num`mu*lit"ic, a.

Defn: Of, like, composed of, containing, nummulites; as, nummulitic
beds.

NUMPS
Numps, n. Etym: [Cf. Numb.]

Defn: A dolt; a blockhead. [Obs.] Bp. Parker.

NUMSKULL
Num"skull`, n. Etym: [Numb + skull.]

Defn: A dunce; a dolt; a stupid fellow. [Colloq.]
They have talked like numskulls. Arbuthnot.

NUMSKULLED
Num"skulled`, a.

Defn: Stupid; doltish. [Colloq.]

NUN
Nun, n. Etym: [OE. nunne, AS. nunne, fr. L. nonna nun, nonnus monk;
cf. Gr. Nunnery.]

1. A woman devoted to a religious life, who lives in a convent, under
the three vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
They holy time is quiet as a nun Breathless with adoration.
Wordsworth.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A white variety of domestic pigeons having a veil of feathers
covering the head.
(b) The smew.
(c) The European blue titmouse. Gray nuns (R. C. Ch.), the members of
a religious order established in Montreal in 1745, whence branches
were introduced into the United States in 1853; -- so called from the
color or their robe, and known in religion as Sisters of Charity of
Montreal.
 -- Nun buoy. See under Buoy.

NUNATAK
Nu"na*tak, n.; pl. -taks (#) (the pl. form Nunatakker is Swedish).
[Eskimo nunættak.]

Defn: In Greenland, an insular hill or mountain surrounded by an ice
sheet.

NUNC DIMITTIS
Nunc" di*mit"tis. [L. nunc now + dimittis thou lettest depart.]
(Eccl.)

Defn: The song of Simeon (Luke ii. 29-32), used in the ritual of many
churches. It begins with these words in the Vulgate.

NUNCHION
Nun"chion, n. Etym: [OE. nonechenche, for noneschenche, prop., a noon
drink; none noon + schenchen, schenken, skinken, to pour, AS.
scencan. See Noon, and Skink, v. i.]

Defn: A portion of food taken at or after noon, usually between full
meals; a luncheon. [Written also noonshun.] Hudibras.

NUNCIATE
Nun"ci*ate, n.

Defn: One who announces; a messenger; a nuncio. [Obs.] Hoole.

NUNCIATURE
Nun"ci*a*ture, n. Etym: [L. nunciare, nuntiare, to announce, report,
fr. nuncius, nuntius, messenger: cf. F. nonciature, It. nunziatura.
See Nuncio.]

Defn: The office of a nuncio. Clarendon.

NUNCIO
Nun"ci*o, n.; pl. Nuncios. Etym: [It. nunzio, nuncio, fr. L. nuncius,
nuntius, messenger; perh. akin to novus new, E. new, and thus, one
who brings news. Cf. Announce.]

1. A messenger. [Obs.] Shak.

2. The permanent official representative of the pope at a foreign
court or seat of government. Distinguished from a legate a latere,
whose mission is temporary in its nature, or for some special
purpose. Nuncios are of higher rank than internuncios.

NUNCIUS
Nun"ci*us, n.; pl. Nuncii. Etym: [L.] (Roman & Old Eng. Law)
(a) A messenger.
(b) The information communicated.

NUNCUPATE
Nun"cu*pate, v. t. Etym: [L. nuncupatus, p. p. of nuncupare to
nuncupate, prob. fr. nomen name + capere to take.]

1. To declare publicly or solemnly; to proclaim formally. [Obs.]
In whose presence did St. Peter nuncupate it Barrow.

2. To dedicate by declaration; to inscribe; as, to nuncupate a book.
[Obs.] Evelyn.

NUNCUPATION
Nun`cu*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. nuncupatio.]

Defn: The act of nuncupating. [Obs.]

NUNCUPATIVE
Nun*cu"pa*tive, a. Etym: [L. nuncupativus nominal: cf. F.
nuncupatif.]

1. Publicly or solemnly declaratory. [Obs.]

2. Nominal; existing only in name. [Obs.]

3. Oral; not written. Nuncupative will or testament, a will or
testament made by word of mouth only, before witnesses, as by a
soldier or seaman, and depending on oral testimony for proof.
Blackstone.

NUNCUPATORY
Nun*cu"pa*to*ry, a.

Defn: Nuncupative; oral.

NUNDINAL
Nun"di*nal, n.

Defn: A nundinal letter.

NUNDINAL; NUNDINARY
Nun"di*nal, Nun"di*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. nundinalis, nundinarius, fr.
nundinae the market day, the weekly market, prop., the ninth day, fr.
nundinus belonging to nine days; novem nine + dies day: cf. F.
nundinal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a fair, or to a market day. Nundinal
letter, among the Romans, one of the first eight letters of the
alphabet, which were repeated successively from the first to the last
day of the year. One of these always expressed the market day, which
returned every nine days (every eight days by our reckoning).

NUNDINATE
Nun"di*nate, v. i. Etym: [L. nundinatus, p. p. of nundinary to attend
fairs, to traffic. See Nundinal, a.]

Defn: To buy and sell at fairs or markets. [Obs.]

NUNDINATION
Nun`di*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. nundinatio.]

Defn: Traffic at fairs; marketing; buying and selling. [Obs.]
Common nundination of pardons. Abp. Bramhall.

NUNNATION
Nun*na"tion, n. Etym: [From nun, the Arabic name of the letter n: cf.
NL. nunnatio, F. nunnation.] (Arabic Gram.)

Defn: The pronunciation of n at the end of words.

NUNNERY
Nun"ner*y, n.; pl. Nunneries. Etym: [OE. nonnerie, OF. nonerie, F.
nonnerie, fr. nonne nun, L. nonna. See Nun.]

Defn: A house in which nuns reside; a cloister or convent in which
women reside for life, under religious vows. See Cloister, and
Convent.

NUNNISH
Nun"nish, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling a nun; characteristic of a
nun.
 -- Nun"nish*ness, n.

NUP
Nup, n.

Defn: Same as Nupson. [Obs.]

NUPHAR
Nu"phar, n. Etym: [Per. n.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants found in the fresh-water ponds or lakes of
Europe, Asia, and North America; the yellow water lily. Cf. Nymphaea.

NUPSON
Nup"son, n. Etym: [Of doubtful origin.]

Defn: A simpleton; a fool. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

NUPTIAL
Nup"tial, a. Etym: [L. nuptialis, fr. nuptiae marriage, wedding, fr.
nubere, nuptum, prop., to cover, to veil, hence, to marry, as the
head of the bride was covered with a veil; cf. Gr. nuptial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to marriage; done or used at a wedding; as,
nuptial rites and ceremonies.
Then, all in heat, They light the nuptial torch. Milton.

NUPTIAL
Nup"tial, n.; pl. Nuptials (.

Defn: Marriage; wedding; nuptial ceremony; -- now only in the plural.
Celebration of that nuptial, which We two have sworn shall come.
Shak.
Preparations . . . for the approaching nuptials. Prescott.

NUR
Nur, n. Etym: [Cf. Knur.]

Defn: A hard knot in wood; also, a hard knob of wood used by boys in
playing hockey.
I think I'm as hard as a nur, and as tough as whitleather. W. Howitt.

NURAGHE; NURAGH
Nu*ra"ghe, n.; It. pl. -ghi. Also Nu"ragh, etc. [It. dial. (Sardinia)
nuraghe).]

Defn: One of the prehistoric towerlike structures found in Sardinia.

The so-called nuraghi, conical monuments with truncated summits, 30-
60 ft. in height, 35-100 ft. in diameter at the base, constructed
sometimes of hewn, and sometimes of unhewn blocks of stone without
mortar. They are situated either on isolated eminences or on the
slopes of the mountains, seldom on the plains, and usually occur in
groups. They generally contain two (in some rare instances three)
conically vaulted chambers, one above the other, and a spiral
staircase constructed in the thick walls ascends to the upper
stories.
Baedeker.

NURL
Nurl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nurled; p. pr. & vb. n. Nurling.] Etym:
[Cf. Knurl.]

Defn: To cut with reeding or fluting on the edge of, as coins, the
heads of screws, etc.; to knurl.

NURSE
Nurse, n. Etym: [OE. nourse, nurice, norice, OF. nurrice, norrice,
nourrice, F. nourrice, fr. L. nutricia nurse, prop., fem. of
nutricius that nourishes; akin to nutrix, -icis, nurse, fr. nutrire
to nourish. See Nourish, and cf. Nutritious.]

1. One who nourishes; a person who supplies food, tends, or brings
up; as: (a) A woman who has the care of young children; especially,
one who suckles an infant not her own. (b) A person, especially a
woman, who has the care of the sick or infirm.

2. One who, or that which, brings up, rears, causes to grow, trains,
fosters, or the like.
The nurse of manly sentiment and heroic enterprise. Burke.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A lieutenant or first officer, who is the real commander when
the captain is unfit for his place.

4. (Zoöl.)
(a) A peculiar larva of certain trematodes which produces cercariæ by
asexual reproduction. See Cercaria, and Redia.
(b) Either one of the nurse sharks. Nurse shark. (Zoöl.) (a) A large
arctic shark (Somniosus microcephalus), having small teeth and feeble
jaws; -- called also sleeper shark, and ground shark. (b) A large
shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum), native of the West Indies and Gulf of
Mexico, having the dorsal fins situated behind the ventral fins.
 -- To put to nurse, or To put out to nurse, to send away to be
nursed; to place in the care of a nurse.
 -- Wet nurse, Dry nurse. See Wet nurse, and Dry nurse, in the
Vocabulary.

NURSE
Nurse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nursed; p. pr. & vb. n. Nursing.]

1. To nourish; to cherish; to foster; as:
(a) To nourish at the breast; to suckle; to feed and tend, as an
infant.
(b) To take care of or tend, as a sick person or an invalid; to
attend upon.
Sons wont to nurse their parents in old age. Milton.
Him in Egerian groves Aricia bore, And nursed his youth along the
marshy shore. Dryden.

2. To bring up; to raise, by care, from a weak or invalid condition;
to foster; to cherish; -- applied to plants, animals, and to any
object that needs, or thrives by, attention. "To nurse the saplings
tall." Milton.
By what hands [has vice] been nursed into so uncontrolled a dominion
Locke.

3. To manage with care and economy, with a view to increase; as, to
nurse our national resources.

4. To caress; to fondle, as a nurse does. A. Trollope. To nurse
billiard balls, to strike them gently and so as to keep them in good
position during a series of caroms.

NURSEHOUND
Nurse"hound`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Houndfish.

NURSEMAID
Nurse"maid`, n.

Defn: A girl employed to attend children.

NURSEPOND
Nurse"pond`, n.

Defn: A pond where fish are fed. Walton.

NURSER
Nurs"er, n.

Defn: One who nurses; a nurse; one who cherishes or encourages
growth.

NURSERY
Nurs"er*y, n.; pl. Nurseries. Etym: [Cf. F. nourricerie.]

1. The act of nursing. [Obs.] "Her kind nursery." Shak.

2. The place where nursing is carried on; as:
(a) The place, or apartment, in a house, appropriated to the care of
children.
(b) A place where young trees, shrubs, vines, etc., are propagated
for the purpose of transplanting; a plantation of young trees.
(c) The place where anything is fostered and growth promoted. "Fair
Padua, nursery of arts." Shak.
Christian families are the nurseries of the church on earth, as she
is the nursery of the church in heaven. J. M. Mason.

(d) That which forms and educates; as, commerce is the nursery of
seamen.

3. That which is nursed. [R.] Milton.

NURSERYMAN
Nurs"er*y*man, n.; pl. Nurserymen (.

Defn: One who cultivates or keeps a nursery, or place for rearing
trees, etc.

NURSING
Nurs"ing, a.

Defn: Supplying or taking nourishment from, or as from, the breast;
as, a nursing mother; a nursing infant.

NURSLING
Nurs"ling, n. Etym: [Nurse + -ling.]

Defn: One who, or that which, is nursed; an infant; a fondling.
I was his nursling once, and choice delight. Milton.

NURSTLE
Nurs"tle, v. t.

Defn: To nurse. See Noursle. [Obs.]

NURTURE
Nur"ture, n. Etym: [OE. norture, noriture, OF. norriture, norreture,
F. nourriture, fr. L. nutritura a nursing, suckling. See Nourish.]

1. The act of nourishing or nursing; thender care; education;
training.
A man neither by nature nor by nurture wise. Milton.

2. That which nourishes; food; diet. Spenser.

NURTURE
Nur"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nurtured; p. pr. & vb. n. Nurturing.]

1. To feed; to nourish.

2. To educate; to bring or train up.
He was nurtured where he had been born. Sir H. Wotton.

Syn.
 -- To nourish; nurse; cherish; bring up; educate; tend.
 -- To Nurture, Nourish, Cherish. Nourish denotes to supply with
food, or cause to grow; as, to nourish a plant, to nourish rebellion.
To nurture is to train up with a fostering care, like that of a
mother; as, to nurture into strength; to nurture in sound principles.
To cherish is to hold and treat as dear; as, to cherish hopes or
affections.

NUSTLE
Nus"tle, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Nuzzle.]

Defn: To fondle; to cherish. [Obs.]

NUT
Nut, n. Etym: [OE. nute, note, AS. hnutu; akin to D. noot, G. nuss,
OHG. nuz, Icel. hnot, Sw. nöt, Dan. nöd.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of certain trees and shrubs (as of the almond,
walnut, hickory, beech, filbert, etc.), consisting of a hard and
indehiscent shell inclosing a kernel.

2. A perforated block (usually a small piece of metal), provided with
an internal or female screw thread, used on a bolt, or screw, for
tightening or holding something, or for transmitting motion. See
Illust. of lst Bolt.

3. The tumbler of a gunlock. Knight.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A projection on each side of the shank of an anchor, to secure
the stock in place. Check nut, Jam nut, Lock nut, a nut which is
screwed up tightly against another nut on the same bolt or screw, in
order to prevent accidental unscrewing of the first nut.
 -- Nut buoy. See under Buoy.
 -- Nut coal, screened coal of a size smaller than stove coal and
larger than pea coal; -- called also chestnut coal.
 -- Nut crab (Zoöl.), any leucosoid crab of the genus Ebalia as,
Ebalia tuberosa of Europe.
 -- Nut grass (Bot.), a plant of the Sedge family (Cyperus rotundus,
var. Hydra), which has slender rootstocks bearing small, nutlike
tubers, by which the plant multiplies exceedingly, especially in
cotton fields.
 -- Nut lock, a device, as a metal plate bent up at the corners, to
prevent a nut from becoming unscrewed, as by jarring.
 -- Nut pine. (Bot.) See under Pine.
 -- Nut rush (Bot.), a genus of cyperaceous plants (Scleria) having a
hard bony achene. Several species are found in the United States and
many more in tropical regions.
 -- Nut tree, a tree that bears nuts.
 -- Nut weevil (Zoöl.), any species of weevils of the genus Balaninus
and other allied genera, which in the larval state live in nuts.

NUT
Nut, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Nutting.]

Defn: To gather nuts.

NUTANT
Nu"tant, a. Etym: [L. nutans, p. pr. of nutare to nod, v. intens. fr.
nuere (in comp.) to nod; cf. Gr.

Defn: Nodding; having the top bent downward.

NUTATION
Nu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. nutatio a nodding, fr. nutare to nod: cf. F.
nutation.]

1. The act of nodding.
So from the midmost the nutation spreads, Round and more round, o'er
all the sea of heads. Pope.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A very small libratory motion of the earth's axis, by which its
inclination to the plane of the ecliptic is constantly varying by a
small amount.

3. (Bot.)
(a) The motion of a flower in following the apparent movement of the
sun, from the east in the morning to the west in the evening.
(b) Circumnutation.

NUTBREAKER
Nut"break`er, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The European nuthatch.
(b) The nutcracker.

NUT-BROWN
Nut"-brown`, a.

Defn: Brown as a nut long kept and dried. "The spicy nutbrown ale."
Milton.

NUTCRACKER
Nut"crack`er, n.

1. An instrument for cracking nuts.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A European bird (Nucifraga caryocatactes), allied to the magpie
and crow. Its color is dark brown, spotted with white. It feeds on
nuts, seeds, and insects.
(b) The American, or Clarke's, nutcracker (Picicorvus Columbianus) of
Western North America.

NUTGALL
Nut"gall`, n.

Defn: A more or less round gall resembling a nut, esp. one of those
produced on the oak and used in the arts. See Gall, Gallnut.

NUTHATCH
Nut"hatch`, n. Etym: [OE. nuthake. See 2d Hack.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of birds of the genus Sitta, as the
European species (Sitta Europæa). The white-breasted nuthatch (S.
Carolinensis), the red-breasted nuthatch (S. Canadensis), the pygmy
nuthatch (S. pygmæa), and others, are American.

NUTHOOK
Nut"hook`, n.

1. A hook at the end of a pole to pull down boughs for gathering the
nuts.

2. A thief who steals by means of a hook; also, a bailiff who hooks
or seizes malefactors. Shak.

NUTJOBBER
Nut"job`ber, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The nuthatch. [Prov. Eng.]

NUTLET
Nut"let, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small nut; also, the stone of a drupe.

NUTMEG
Nut"meg, n. Etym: [OE. notemuge; note nut + OF. muge musk, of the
same origin as E. musk; cf. OF. noix muguette nutmeg, F. noix
muscade. See Nut, and Musk.] (Bot.)

Defn: The kernel of the fruit of the nutmeg tree (Myristica
fragrans), a native of the Molucca Islands, but cultivated elsewhere
in the tropics.

Note: This fruit is a nearly spherical drupe, of the size of a pear,
of a yellowish color without and almost white within. This opens into
two nearly equal longitudinal valves, inclosing the nut surrounded by
its aril, which is mace The nutmeg is an aromatic, very grateful to
the taste and smell, and much used in cookery. Other species of
Myristica yield nutmegs of inferior quality. American, Calabash, or
Jamaica, nutmeg, the fruit of a tropical shrub (Monodora Myristica).
It is about the size of an orange, and contains many aromatic seeds
imbedded in pulp.
 -- Brazilian nutmeg, the fruit of a lauraceous tree, Cryptocarya
moschata.
 -- California nutmeg, tree of the Yew family (Torreya Californica),
growing in the Western United States, and having a seed which
resembles a nutmeg in appearance, but is strongly impregnated with
turpentine.
 -- Clove nutmeg, the Ravensara aromatica, a laura ceous tree of
Madagascar. The foliage is used as a spice, but the seed is acrid and
caustic.
 -- Jamaica nutmeg. See American nutmeg (above).
 -- Nutmeg bird (Zoöl.), an Indian finch (Munia punctularia).
 -- Nutmeg butter, a solid oil extracted from the nutmeg by
expression.
 -- Nutmeg flower (Bot.), a ranunculaceous herb (Nigella sativa) with
small black aromatic seeds, which are used medicinally and for
excluding moths from furs and clothing.
 -- Nutmeg liver (Med.), a name applied to the liver, when, as the
result of heart or lung disease, it undergoes congestion and
pigmentation about the central veins of its lobules, giving it an
appearance resembling that of a nutmeg.
 -- Nutmeg melon (Bot.), a small variety of muskmelon of a rich
flavor.
 -- Nutmeg pigeon (Zoöl.), any one of several species of pigeons of
the genus Myristicivora, native of the East Indies and Australia. The
color is usually white, or cream-white, with black on the wings and
tail.
 -- Nutmeg wood (Bot.), the wood of the Palmyra palm.
 -- Peruvian nutmeg, the aromatic seed of a South American tree
(Laurelia sempervirens).
 -- Plume nutmeg (Bot.), a spicy tree of Australia (Atherosperma
moschata).

NUTMEGGED
Nut"megged, a.

Defn: Seasoned with nutmeg.

NUTPECKER
Nut"peck`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The nuthatch.

NUTRIA
Nu"tri*a, n. Etym: [Sp. nutria an otter, fr. L. lutra, lytra.]

Defn: The fur of the coypu. See Coypu.

NUTRICATION
Nu`tri*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. nutricatio, fr. nutricare, nutricari, to
suckle, nourish, fr. nutrix a nurse.]

Defn: The act or manner of feeding. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

NUTRIENT
Nu"tri*ent, a. Etym: [L. nutriens, p. pr. of nutrire. See Nourish.]

Defn: Nutritious; nourishing; promoting growth.
 -- n.

Defn: Any substance which has nutritious qualities, i. e., which
nourishes or promotes growth.

NUTRIMENT
Nu"tri*ment, n. Etym: [L. nutrimentum, fr. nutrire to nourish. See
Nourish.]

1. That which nourishes; anything which promotes growth and repairs
the natural waste of animal or vegetable life; food; aliment.
The stomach returns what it has received, in strength and nutriment
diffused into all parts of the body. South.

2. That which promotes development or growth.
Is not virtue in mankind The nutriment that feeds the mind Swift.

NUTRIMENTAL
Nu`tri*men"tal, a.

Defn: Nutritious.

NUTRITIAL
Nu*tri"tial, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or connected with, nutrition; nutritious. [Obs.]
Chapman.

NUTRITION
Nu*tri"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. nutrition. See Nutritious.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: In the broadest sense, a process or series of processes by
which the living organism as a whole (or its component parts or
organs) is maintained in its normal condition of life and growth.

Note: In this wide sense it comprehends digestion, absorption,
circulation, assimilation, etc., in fact all of the steps by which
the nutritive matter of the food is fitted for incorporation with the
different tissues, and the changes which it undergoes after its
assimilation, prior to its excretion. See Metabolism.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: In a more limited sense, the process by which the living
tissues take up, from the blood, matters necessary either for their
repair or for the performance of their healthy functions.

3. That which nourishes; nutriment.
Fixed like a plant, on his peculiar spot, To draw nutrition,
propagate, and rot. Pope.

NUTRITIONAL
Nu*tri"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to nutrition; as, nutritional changes.

NUTRITIOUS
Nu*tri"tious, a. Etym: [L. nutricius, nutritius, from nutrix, -icis,
a nurse, nutrire to nourish. See Nurse, Nourish.]

Defn: Nourishing; promoting growth, or preventing decay; alimental.
 -- Nu*tri"tious*ly, adv.
 -- Nu*tri"tious*ness, n.

NUTRITIVE
Nu"tri*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. nutritif.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to nutrition; as, the nutritive functions;
having the quality of nourishing; nutritious; nutrimental; alimental;
as, nutritive food or berries. Nutritive plasma. (Biol.) See
Idioplasma.
 -- Nutritive polyp (Zoöl.), any one of the zooids of a compound
hydroid, or coral, which has a mouth and digestive cavity.
 -- Nu"tri*tive*ly, adv.
 -- Nu"tri*tive*ness, n.

NUTRITURE
Nu"tri*ture, n. Etym: [L. nutritura, fr. nutrir to nourish.]

Defn: Nutrition; nourishment. [Obs.] Harvey.

NUTSHELL
Nut"shell`, n.

1. The shell or hard external covering in which the kernel of a nut
is inclosed.

2. Hence, a thing of little compass, or of little value.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shell of the genus Nucula. To be, or lie, in a nutshell, to
be within a small compass; to admit of very brief or simple
determination or statement. "The remedy lay in a nutshell." Macaulay.

NUTTER
Nut"ter, n.

Defn: A gatherer of nuts.

NUTTING
Nut"ting, n.

Defn: The act of gathering nuts.

NUTTY
Nut"ty, a.

1. Abounding in nuts.

2. Having a flavor like that of nuts; as, nutty wine.

NUX VOMICA
Nux` vom"i*ca. Etym: [NL., fr. L. nux vomere to vomit.]

Defn: The seed of Strychnos Nuxvomica, a tree which abounds on the
Malabar and Coromandel coasts of the East Indies. From this seed the
deadly poisons known as strychnine and brucine are obtained. The
seeds are sometimes called Quaker buttons.

NUZZLE
Nuz"zle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nuzzied;p. pr. & vb. n. Nuzzling.] Etym:
[See Noursle.]

1. To noursle or nurse; to foster; to bring up. [Obs.]
The people had been nuzzled in idolatry. Milton.

2. Etym: [Perh. a corruption of nestle. Cf. Nustle.]

Defn: To nestle; to house, as in a nest.

NUZZLE
Nuz"zle, v. i. Etym: [Dim. fr. nose. See Nozzle.]

1. To work with the nose, like a swine in the mud.
And nuzzling in his flank, the loving swine Sheathed, unaware, the
tusk in his soft groin. Shak.
He charged through an army of lawyers, sometimes . . . nuzzling like
an eel in the mud. Arbuthnot.

2. To go with head poised like a swine, with nose down.
Sir Roger shook his ears, and nuzzled along. Arbuthnot.

3. Etym: [Cf. Nuzzle, v. t., 2.]

Defn: To hide the head, as a child in the mother's bosom; to nestle.

4. To loiter; to idle. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

NY
Ny. Etym: [Contr. fr. ne I.]

Defn: Not I; nor I. [Obs.]

NY; NYE
Ny, Nye, a. & adv.

Defn: Nigh. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NYAS
Ny"as, n.

Defn: See Nias.

NYCTALOPIA
Nyc`ta*lo"pi*a, n. Etym: [L. nyctalopia, fr. nyctalops a nyctalops,
Gr. (Med.)
(a) A disease of the eye, in consequence of which the patient can see
well in a faint light or at twilight, but is unable to see during the
day or in a strong light; day blindness.
(b) See Moonblink.

Note: Some writers (as Quain) use the word in the opposite sense,
night blindness. See Hemeralopia.

NYCTALOPS
Nyc"ta*lops, n. Etym: [L., from Gr.

Defn: One afflicted with nyctalopia.

NYCTALOPY
Nyc"ta*lo`py, n.

Defn: Same as Nyctalopia.

NYCTHEMERON
Nyc*the"me*ron, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The natural day and night, or space of twenty-four hours.

NYCTIBUNE
Nyc"ti*bune, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American bird of the genus Nyctibius, allied to the
goatsuckers.

NYCTITROPIC
Nyc`ti*trop"ic, a. Etym: [From Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Turning or bending at night into special positions.

Note: Nyctitropic movements of plants usually consist in a folding or
drooping of the leaves, the advantage being in lessening the
radiation of heat.

NYCTITROPISM
Nyc*tit"ro*pism, n. [From Gr. , , night +  to turn.] (Plant Physiol.)

Defn: The tendency of certain plant organs, as leaves, to assume
special "sleeping" positions or make curvatures under the influence
of darkness. It is well illustrated in the leaflets of clover and
other leguminous plants.

NYCTOPHILE
Nyc"to*phile, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any Australian bat of the genus Nyctophilus, having a very
simple nasal appendage.

NYE
Nye, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. F. nid nest, brood, L. nidus nest. See Nest,
and cf. Eye brood, Nide.]

Defn: A brood or flock of pheasants.

NYENTEK
Ny*en"tek, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carnivorous mannual (Helictis moscatus, or H. orientalis),
native of Eastern Asia and the Indies. It has a dorsal white stripe,
and another one across the shoulders. It has a strong musky odor.

NYLGHAU; NYLGAU
Nyl"ghau, Nyl"gau, n. Etym: [Hind. & Per. nilgaw, prop., a blue cow;
Per. nil blue + gaw cow. See Lilac, and Cow the animal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large Asiatic antelope (Boselaphus, or Portax, tragocamelus),
found in Northern India. It has short horns, a black mane, and a
bunch of long hair on the throat. The general color is grayish brown.
[Written also neelghau, nilgau, and nylghaie.]

NYMPH
Nymph, n. Etym: [L. nympha nymph, bride, young woman, Gr. nymphe. Cf.
Nuptial.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A goddess of the mountains, forests, meadows, or waters.
Where were ye, nymphs, when the remorseless deep Closed o'er the head
of your loved Lycidas Milton.

2. Hence: A lovely young girl; a maiden; a damsel.
Nymph, in thy orisons Be all my sins remembered. Shak.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pupa of an insect; a chrysalis.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of a subfamily (Najades) of butterflies including the
purples, the fritillaries, the peacock butterfly, etc.; -- called
also naiad.

NYMPHA
Nym"pha, n.; pl. Nymph. Etym: [L. See Nymph a goddess.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Nymph, 3.

2. pl. (Anat.)

Defn: Two folds of mucous membrane, within the labia, at the opening
of the vulva.

NYMPHAEA
Nym*phæ"a, n. Etym: [L., the water lily, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of aquatic plants having showy flowers (white, blue,
pink, or yellow, often fragrant), including the white water lily and
the Egyptia lotus.

Note: Recent critics have endeavored to show that this genus should
be called Castalia, and the name Nymphæa transferred to what is now
known as Nuphar.

NYMPHAL
Nymph"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a nymph or nymphs; nymphean.

NYMPHALES
Nym*pha"les, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive family of butterflies including the nymphs, the
satyrs, the monarchs, the heliconias, and others; -- called also
brush-footed butterflies.

NYMPHEAN
Nym*phe"an, a. Etym: [Gr. Nymph.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or appropriate to, nymphs; inhabited by
nymphs; as, a nymphean cave.

NYMPHET
Nymph"et, n.

Defn: A little or young nymph. [Poetic] "The nymphets sporting
there." Drayton.

NYMPHIC; NYMPHICAL
Nymph"ic, Nymph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to nymphs.

NYMPHIPAROUS
Nym*phip"a*rous, a. Etym: [Nymph + L. parere to produce.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing pupas or nymphs.

NYMPHISH
Nymph"ish, a.

Defn: Relating to nymphs; ladylike. "Nymphish war." Drayton.

NYMPHLIKE; NYMPHLY
Nymph"like`, Nymph"ly, a.

Defn: Resembling, or characteristic of, a nymph.

NYMPHOLEPSY
Nym"pho*lep`sy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A species of demoniac enthusiasm or possession coming upon one
who had accidentally looked upon a nymph; ecstasy. [R.] De Quincey.
The nympholepsy of some fond despair. Byron.

NYMPHOLEPTIC
Nym`pho*lep"tic, a.

Defn: Under the influence of nympholepsy; ecstatic; frenzied.
[Poetic]

NYMPHOMANIA
Nym`pho*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Morbid and uncontrollable sexual desire in women, constituting
a true disease.

NYMPHOMANY
Nym"pho*ma`ny, n. Etym: [Cf. F. nymphomanie.] (Med.)

Defn: Same as Nymphomania.

NYMPHOTOMY
Nym*phot"o*my, n. Etym: [Nympha + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Excision of the nymphæ.

NYS
Nys.

Defn: Is not. See Nis. Chaucer. Spenser.

NYSTAGMUS
Nys*tag"mus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A rapid involuntary oscillation of the eyeballs.

NYULA
Ny*u"la, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of ichneumon (Herpestes nyula). Its fur is
beautifully variegated by closely set zigzag markings.

O

1. O, the fifteenth letter of the English alphabet, derives its form,
value, and name from the Greek O, through the Latin. The letter came
into the Greek from the Phoenician, which possibly derived it
ultimately from the Egyptian. Etymologically, the letter o is most
closely related to a, e, and u; as in E. bone, AS. ban; E. stone, AS.
stan; E. broke, AS. brecan to break; E. bore, AS. beran to bear; E.
dove, AS. dufe; E. toft, tuft; tone, tune; number, F. nombre. The
letter o has several vowel sounds, the principal of which are its
long sound, as in bone, its short sound, as in nod, and the sounds
heard in the words orb, son, do (feod), and wolf (book). In
connection with the other vowels it forms several digraphs and
diphthongs. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 107-129.

2. Among the ancients, O was a mark of triple time, from the notion
that the ternary, or number 3, is the most perfect of numbers, and
properly expressed by a circle, the most perfect figure. O was also
anciently used to represent 11: with a dash over it (O
O, n.; pl. O's or Oes (.

1. The letter O, or its sound. "Mouthing out his hollow oes and aes."
Tennyson.

2. Something shaped like the letter O; a circle or oval. "This wooden
O [Globe Theater]". Shak.

3. A cipher; zero. [R.]
Thou art an O without a figure. Shak.

O'
O', Etym: [Ir. of a descendant.]

Defn: A prefix to Irish family names, which signifies grandson or
descendant of, and is a character of dignity; as, O'Neil, O'Carrol.

O'
O', prep.

Defn: A shortened form of of or on. "At the turning o' the tide."
Shak.

O
O, a. Etym: [See One.]

Defn: One. [Obs.] Chaucer. "Alle thre but o God." Piers Plowman.

O
O, interj.

Defn: An exclamation used in calling or directly addressing a person
or personified object; also, as an emotional or impassioned
exclamation expressing pain, grief, surprise, desire, fear, etc.
For ever, O Lord, thy word is settled in heaven. Ps. cxix. 89.
O how love I thy law ! it is my meditation all the day. Ps. cxix. 97.

Note: O is frequently followed by an ellipsis and that, an in
expressing a wish: "O [I wish] that Ishmael might live before thee !"
Gen. xvii. 18; or in expressions of surprise, indignation, or regret:
"O [it is sad] that such eyes should e'er meet other object !"
Sheridan Knowles.

Note: A distinction between the use of O and oh is insisted upon by
some, namely, that O should be used only in direct address to a
person or personified object, and should never be followed by the
exclamation point, while Oh (or oh) should be used in exclamations
where no direct appeal or address to an object is made, and may be
followed by the exclamation point or not, according to the nature or
construction of the sentence. Some insist that oh should be used only
as an interjection expressing strong feeling. The form O, however,
is, it seems, the one most commonly employed for both uses by modern
writers and correctors for the press. "O, I am slain !" Shak. "O what
a fair and ministering angel !" "O sweet angel !" Longfellow.
O for a kindling touch from that pure flame ! Wordsworth.
But she is in her grave, -- and oh The difference to me ! Wordsworth.
Oh for a lodge in some vast wilderness ! Cowper.
We should distinguish between the sign of the vocative and the
emotional interjection, writing O for the former, and oh for the
latter. Earle.
O dear, and O dear me! Etym: [corrupted fr. F. O Dieu! or It. O Dio!
O God! O Dio mio! O my God! Wyman], exclamations expressive of
various emotions, but usually promoted by surprise, consternation,
grief, pain, etc.

OAD
Oad, n.

Defn: See Woad. [Obs.] Coles.

OAF
Oaf, n. Etym: [See Auf.]

Defn: Originally, an elf's child; a changeling left by fairies or
goblins; hence, a deformed or foolish child; a simpleton; an idiot.

OAFISH
Oaf"ish, a.

Defn: Like an oaf; simple.
 -- Oaf"ish*ness, n.

OAK
Oak, n. Etym: [OE. oke, ok, ak, AS. ac; akin to D. eik, G. eiche,
OHG. eih, Icel. eik, Sw. ek, Dan. eeg.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any tree or shrub of the genus Quercus. The oaks have alternate
leaves, often variously lobed, and staminate flowers in catkins. The
fruit is a smooth nut, called an acorn, which is more or less
inclosed in a scaly involucre called the cup or cupule. There are now
recognized about three hundred species, of which nearly fifty occur
in the United States, the rest in Europe, Asia, and the other parts
of North America, a very few barely reaching the northern parts of
South America and Africa. Many of the oaks form forest trees of grand
proportions and live many centuries. The wood is usually hard and
tough, and provided with conspicuous medullary rays, forming the
silver grain.

2. The strong wood or timber of the oak.

Note: Among the true oaks in America are: Barren oak, or Black-jack,
Q. nigra.
 -- Basket oak, Q. Michauxii.
 -- Black oak, Q. tinctoria: -- called also yellow or quercitron oak.
 -- Bur oak (see under Bur.), Q. macrocarpa; -- called also over-cup
or mossy-cup oak.
 -- Chestnut oak, Q. Prinus and Q. densiflora.
 -- Chinquapin oak (see under Chinquapin), Q. prinoides.
 -- Coast live oak, Q. agrifolia, of California; -- also called
enceno.
 -- Live oak (see under Live), Q. virens, the best of all for
shipbuilding; also, Q. Chrysolepis, of California.
 -- Pin oak. Same as Swamp oak.
 -- Post oak, Q. obtusifolia.
 -- Red oak, Q. rubra.
 -- Scarlet oak, Q. coccinea.
 -- Scrub oak, Q. ilicifolia, Q. undulata, etc.
 -- Shingle oak, Q. imbricaria.
 -- Spanish oak, Q. falcata.
 -- Swamp Spanish oak, or Pin oak, Q. palustris.
 -- Swamp white oak, Q. bicolor.
 -- Water oak, Q. aguatica.
 -- Water white oak, Q. lyrata.
 -- Willow oak, Q. Phellos. Among the true oaks in Europe are: Bitter
oak, or Turkey oak, Q. Cerris (see Cerris).
 -- Cork oak, Q. Suber.
 -- English white oak, Q. Robur.
 -- Evergreen oak, Holly oak, or Holm oak, Q. Ilex.
 -- Kermes oak, Q. coccifera.
 -- Nutgall oak, Q. infectoria.

Note: Among plants called oak, but not of the genus Quercus, are:
African oak, a valuable timber tree (Oldfieldia Africana).
 -- Australian, or She, oak, any tree of the genus Casuarina (see
Casuarina).
 -- Indian oak, the teak tree (see Teak).
 -- Jerusalem oak. See under Jerusalem.
 -- New Zealand oak, a sapindaceous tree (Alectryon excelsum).
 -- Poison oak, the poison ivy. See under Poison.
 -- Silky, or Silk-bark, oak, an Australian tree (Grevillea robusta).
Green oak, oak wood colored green by the growth of the mycelium of
certain fungi.
 -- Oak apple, a large, smooth, round gall produced on the leaves of
the American red oak by a gallfly (Cynips confluens). It is green and
pulpy when young.
 -- Oak beauty (Zoöl.), a British geometrid moth (Biston prodromaria)
whose larva feeds on the oak.
 -- Oak gall, a gall found on the oak. See 2d Gall.
 -- Oak leather (Bot.), the mycelium of a fungus which forms
leatherlike patches in the fissures of oak wood.
 -- Oak pruner. (Zoöl.) See Pruner, the insect.
 -- Oak spangle, a kind of gall produced on the oak by the insect
Diplolepis lenticularis.
 -- Oak wart, a wartlike gall on the twigs of an oak.
 -- The Oaks, one of the three great annual English horse races (the
Derby and St. Leger being the others). It was instituted in 1779 by
the Earl of Derby, and so called from his estate.
 -- To sport one's oak, to be "not at home to visitors," signified by
closing the outer (oaken) door of one's rooms. [Cant, Eng. Univ.]

OAKEN
Oak"en, a. Etym: [AS. acen.]

Defn: Made or consisting of oaks or of the wood of oaks. "In oaken
bower." Milton.
Oaken timber, wherewith to build ships. Bacon.

OAKER
Oak"er, n.

Defn: See Ocher. [Obs.] Spenser.

OAKLING
Oak"ling, n.

Defn: A young oak. Evelyn.

OAKUM
Oak"um, n. Etym: [AS. acumba; pref. er-, Goth. us-, orig. meaning,
out) + cemban to comb, camb comb. See Comb.]

1. The material obtained by untwisting and picking into loose fiber
old hemp ropes; -- used for calking the seams of ships, stopping
leaks, etc.

2. The coarse portion separated from flax or hemp in nackling.
Knight. White oakum, that made from untarred rope.

OAKY
Oak"y, n.

Defn: Resembling oak; strong. Bp. Hall.

OAR
Oar, n Etym: [AS. ar; akin to Icel. ar, Dan. aare, Sw. åra; perh.
akin to E. row, v. Cf. Rowlock.]

1. An implement for impelling a boat, being a slender piece of
timber, usually ash or spruce, with a grip or handle at one end and a
broad blade at the other. The part which rests in the rowlock is
called the loom.

Note: An oar is a kind of long paddle, which swings about a kind of
fulcrum, called a rowlock, fixed to the side of the boat.

2. An oarsman; a rower; as, he is a good car.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An oarlike swimming organ of various invertebrates. Oar cock
(Zoöl), the water rail. [Prov. Eng.] -- Spoon oar, an oar having the
blade so curved as to afford a better hold upon the water in rowing.
 -- To boat the oars, to cease rowing, and lay the oars in the boat.
 -- To feather the oars. See under Feather., v. t.
 -- To lie on the oars, to cease pulling, raising the oars out of
water, but not boating them; to cease from work of any kind; to be
idle; to rest.
 -- To muffle the oars, to put something round that part which rests
in the rowlock, to prevent noise in rowing.
 -- To put in one's oar, to give aid or advice; -- commonly used of a
person who obtrudes aid or counsel not invited.
 -- To ship the oars, to place them in the rowlocks.
 -- To toss the oars, To peak the oars, to lift them from the
rowlocks and hold them perpendicularly, the handle resting on the
bottom of the boat.
 -- To trail oars, to allow them to trail in the water alongside of
the boat.
 -- To unship the oars, to take them out of the rowlocks.

OAR
Oar, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Oared; p. pr. & vb. n. Oaring.]

Defn: To row. "Oared himself." Shak.
Oared with laboring arms. Pope.

OARED
Oared, a.

1. Furnished with oars; -- chiefly used in composition; as, a four-
oared boat.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) Having feet adapted for swimming.
(b) Totipalmate; -- said of the feet of certain birds. See Illust. of
Aves. Oared shrew (Zoöl.), an aquatic European shrew (Crossopus
ciliatus); -- called also black water shrew.

OARFISH
Oar"fish` (or"fish`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ribbon fish.

OARFOOT
Oar"foot` (-foot`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any crustacean of the genus Remipes.

OAR-FOOTED
Oar"-foot`ed a.

Defn: Having feet adapted for swimming.

OARLESS
Oar"less, a.

Defn: Without oars. Sylvester.

OARLOCK
Oar"lock` (or"lok`), n. (Naut.),

Defn: The notch, fork, or other device on the gunwale of a boat, in
which the oar rests in rowing.  See Rowlock.

OARSMAN
Oars"man (orz"man), n.; pl. Oarsmen (-men).

Defn: One who uses, or is skilled in the use of, an oar; a rower.

At the prow of the boat, rose one of the oarsmen.
Longfellow.

OARSWEED
Oars"weed` (or"wed`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any large seaweed of the genus Laminaria; tangle; kelp.  See
Kelp.

OARY
Oar"y (or"y), a.

Defn: Having the form or the use of an oar; as, the swan's oary feet.
Milton. Addison.

OASIS
O"as*is (o"a*sis or o*a"sis; 277), n.; pl. Oases (-sez). [L., fr. Gr.
'o`asis; cf. Copt. ouahe.]

Defn: A fertile or green spot in a waste or desert, esp. in a sandy
desert.

My one oasis in the dust and drouth
Of city life.
Tennyson.

OAST
Oast (ost), n. [OE. ost, AS. ast; cf. Gr. a'i^qos burning heat.]

Defn: A kiln to dry hops or malt; a cockle. Mortimer.

OATCAKE
Oat"cake, n.

Defn: A cake made of oatmeal.

OATEN
Oat"en, a.

1. Consisting of an oat straw or stem; as, an oaten pipe. Milton.

2. Made of oatmeal; as, oaten cakes.

OATH
Oath, n.; pl. Oaths. Etym: [OE. othe, oth, ath, AS. a; akin to D.
eed, OS. e, G. eid, Icel. ei, Sw. ed, Dan. eed, Goth. ai; cf. OIr.
oeth.]

1. A solemn affirmation or declaration, made with a reverent appeal
to God for the truth of what is affirmed. "I have an oath in heaven"
Shak.
An oath of secrecy for the concealing of those [inventions] which we
think fit to keep secret. Bacon.

2. A solemn affirmation, connected with a sacred object, or one
regarded as sacred, as the temple, the altar, the blood of Abel, the
Bible, the Koran, etc.

3. (Law)

Defn: An appeal (in verification of a statement made) to a superior
sanction, in such a form as exposes the party making the appeal to an
indictment for perjury if the statement be false.

4. A careless and blasphemous use of the name of the divine Being, or
anything divine or sacred, by way of appeal or as a profane
exclamation or ejaculation; an expression of profane swearing. "A
terrible oath" Shak.

OATHABLE
Oath"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of having an oath administered to. [Obs.] Shak.

OATHBREAKING
Oath"break`ing, n.

Defn: The violation of an oath; perjury. Shak

OATMEAL
Oat"meal`, n.

1. Meal made of oats. Gay.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Panicum; panic grass.

OB-
Ob-. Etym: [L. ob, prep. Cf. Epi-.]

Defn: A prefix signifying to, toward, before, against, reversely,
etc.; also, as a simple intensive; as in oblige, to bind to;
obstacle, something standing before; object, lit., to throw against;
obovate, reversely, ovate. Ob- is commonly assimilated before c, f,
g, and p, to oc-, of-, og-, and op-.

OBBE
Ob"be, n.

Defn: See Obi.

OBCOMPRESSED
Ob"com*pressed". a. Etym: [Pref. ob- + compressed.]

Defn: Compressed or flattened antero-posteriorly, or in a way
opposite to the usual one.

OBCONIC; OBCONICAL
Ob*con"ic, Ob*con"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. ob- + conic, conical.]

Defn: Conical, but having the apex downward; inversely conical.

OBCORDATE
Ob*cor"date, a. Etym: [Pref. ob- + cordate.]

Defn: Heart-shaped, with the attachment at the pointed end; inversely
cordate: as, an obcordate petal or leaf.

OBDIPLOSTEMONOUS
Ob*dip`lo*stem"o*nous, a. Etym: [Pref. ob- + diplostemonous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having twice as many stamens as petals, those of the outer set
being opposite the petals; -- said of flowers. Gray.

OBDIPLOSTEMONY
Ob*dip"lo*stem"o*ny, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The condition of being obdiplostemonous.

OBDORMITION
Ob"dor*mi"tion, n. Etym: [L. obdormire to fall asleep.]

Defn: Sleep. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

OBDUCE
Ob*duce", v. t. Etym: [L. obducere, obductum; ob (see Ob-) + ducere
to lead.]

Defn: To draw over, as a covering. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

OBDUCT
Ob*duct" (, v. t. Etym: [See Obduce.]

Defn: To draw over; to cover. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

OBDUCTION
Ob*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L.obductio.]

Defn: .The act of drawing or laying over, as a covering. [Obs.]

OBDURACY
Ob"du*ra*cy, n.

Defn: The duality or state of being obdurate; invincible hardness of
heart; obstinacy. "Obduracy and persistency." Shak.
The absolute completion of sin in final obduracy. South.

OBDURATE
Ob"du*rate, a. Etym: [L. obduratus, p. p. of obdurare to harden; ob
(see Ob-)+ durare to harden, durus hard. See Dure.]

1. Hardened in feelings, esp. against moral or mollifying influences;
unyielding; hard-hearted; stubbornly wicked.
The very custom of evil makes the heart obdurate against whatsoever
instructions to the contrary. Hooker.
Art thou obdurate, flinty, hard as steel, Nay, more than flint, for
stone at rain relenteth Shak.

2. Hard; harsh; rugged; rough; intractable. "Obdurate consonants."
Swift.

Note: Sometimes accented on the second syllable, especially by the
older poets.
There is no flesh in man's obdurate heart. Cowper.

Syn.
 -- Hard; firm; unbending; inflexible; unyielding; stubborn;
obstinate; impenitent; callous; unfeeling; insensible; unsusceptible.
 -- Obdurate, Callous, Hardened. Callous denotes a deadening of the
sensibilities; as. a callous conscience. Hardened implies a general
and settled disregard for the claims of interest, duty, and sympathy;
as, hardened in vice. Obdurate implies an active resistance of the
heart and will aganst the pleadings of compassion and humanity.
 -- Ob"du*rate*ly, adv.
 -- Ob"du*rate*ness, n.

OBDURATE
Ob"du*rate, v. t.

Defn: To harden. [Obs.]

OBDURATION
Ob"du*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. obduratio.]

Defn: A hardening of the heart; hardness of heart. [Obs.]

OBDURE
Ob*dure", v. t.

Defn: To harden. [Obs.] Milton.

OBDURE; OBDURED
Ob*dure", Ob*dured", a.

Defn: Obdurate; hard. [Obs.]
This saw his hapless foes, but stood obdured. Milton.

OBDURENESS; OBDUREDNESS
Ob*dure"ness, n., Ob*dur"ed*ness, n.

Defn: Hardness. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

OBE
Ob"e (o"be), n.

Defn: See Obi.

OBEAH
O*be"ah. n.

Defn: Same as Obi.
 -- a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to obi; as, the obeah man. B. Edwards.

OBEDIBLE
O*be"di*ble, a.

Defn: Obedient. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

OBEDIENCE
O*be"di*ence, n. Etym: [F. obédience, L. obedientia, oboedientia. See
Obedient, and cf.Obeisance.]

1. The act of obeying, or the state of being obedient; compliance
with that which is required by authority; subjection to rightful
restraint or control.
Government must compel the obedience of individuals. Ames.

2. Words or actions denoting submission to authority; dutifulness.
Shak.

3. (Eccl.)
(a) A following; a body of adherents; as, the Roman Catholic
obedience, or the whole body of persons who submit to the authority
of the pope.
(b) A cell (or offshoot of a larger monastery) governed by a prior.
(c) One of the three monastic vows. Shipley.
(d) The written precept of a superior in a religious order or
congregation to a subject. Canonical obedience. See under Canonical.
 -- Passive obedience. See under Passive.

OBEDIENCIARY
O*be`di*en"ci*a*ry, n.

Defn: One yielding obedience. [Obs.] Foxe.

OBEDIENT
O*be"di*ent, a. Etym: [OF. obedient, L. obediens, oboediens, -entis.
p.pr. of obedire, oboedire, to obey. See Obey.]

Defn: Subject in will or act to authority; willing to obey;
submissive to restraint, control, or command.
And floating straight, obedient to the stream. Shak.
The chief his orders gives; the obedient band, With due observance,
wait the chief's command. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Dutiful; respectful; compliant; submissive.

OBEDIENTIAL
O*be`di*en"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. obédientiel.]

Defn: According to the rule of obedience. [R.]
An obediental subjection to the Lord of Nature. Sir M. Hale.

OBEDIENTLY
O*be"di*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an obedient manner; with obedience.

OBEISANCE
O*bei"sance, n. Etym: [F. obéissance obedience, fr. obéissant. See
Obey, and cf. Obedience, Abaisance.]

1. Obedience. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A manifestation of obedience; an expression of difference or
respect; homage; a bow; a courtesy.
Bathsheba bowed and did obeisance unto the king. 1 Kings i. 16.

OBEISANCY
O*bei"san*cy, n.

Defn: See Obeisance. [Obs.]

OBEISANT
O*bei"sant, a. Etym: [F. obéissant, p.pr. of obéir to obey.]

Defn: Ready to obey; reverent; differential; also, servilely
submissive.

OBELION
O*be"li*on, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The region of the skull between the two parietal foramina where
the closure of the sagittal suture usually begins.

OBELISCAL
Ob`e*lis"cal, a.

Defn: Formed like an obelisk.

OBELISK
Ob"e*lisk, n. Etym: [L. obeliscus, Gr. obélisque.]

1. An upright, four-sided pillar, gradually tapering as it rises, and
terminating in a pyramid called pyramidion. It is ordinarily
monolithic. Egyptian obelisks are commonly covered with hieroglyphic
writing from top to bottom.

2. (Print.)

Defn: A mark of reference; -- called also dagger [&dag;]. See Dagger,
n., 2.

OBELISK
Ob"e*lisk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obelisked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Obelisking.]

Defn: To mark or designate with an obelisk.

OBELIZE
Ob"e*lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obelized; p. pr. & vb. n. Obelizing.]
Etym: [Gr. Obelus.]

Defn: To designate with an obelus; to mark as doubtful or spirituous.
[R.]

OBELUS
Ob"e*lus, n.; pl. Obeli. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Print.)

Defn: A mark [thus ---, or ÷]; -- so called as resembling a needle.
In old MSS. or editions of the classics, it marks suspected passages
or readings.

OBEQUITATE
Ob*eq"ui*tate, v. i. Etym: [L. obequitatus, p.p. of obequitare to
ride about.]

Defn: To ride about. [Obs.] -- Ob*eq`ui*ta"tion, n. [Obs.] Cockerman.

OBERON
Ob"er*on, n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. Auberon; prob. of Frankish origin.]
(Mediæval Mythol.)

Defn: The king of the fairies, and husband of Titania or Queen Mab.
Shak.

OBERRATION
Ob`er*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. oberrate to wander about.]

Defn: A wandering about. [Obs.] Jonhson.

OBESE
O*bese". a. Etym: [L. obesus eaten away, lean; also, that has eaten
itself fat, fat, stout, p.p. of obedere to devour; ob (see Ob-) +
edere to eat. See Eat.]

Defn: Excessively corpulent; fat; fleshy.

OBESENESS
O*bese"ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being obese; obesity.

OBESITY
O*bes"i*ty, n.Etym: [L. obesitas: cf.F. obésité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being obese; incumbrance of flesh.

OBEY
O*bey", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obeyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Obeying.] Etym:
[OE. obeyen, F. obéir, fr. L. obedire, oboedire; ob (see Ob-) +
audire to hear. See Audible, and cf. Obeisance.]

1. To give ear to; to execute the commands of; to yield submission
to; to comply with the orders of.
Children, obey your parents in the Lord. Eph. vi. 1.
Was she the God, that her thou didst obey Milton.

2. To submit to the authority of; to be ruled by.
My will obeyed his will. Chaucer.
Afric and India shall his power obey. Dryden.

3. To yield to the impulse, power, or operation of; as, a ship obeys
her helm.

OBEY
O*bey", v. i.

Defn: To give obedience.
Will he obey when one commands Tennyson.

Note: By some old writers obey was used, as in the French idiom, with
the preposition to.
His servants ye are, to whom ye obey. Rom. vi. 16.
He commanded the trumpets to sound: to which the two brave knights
obeying, they performed their courses. Sir. P. Sidney.

OBEYER
O*bey"er, n.

Defn: One who yields obedience. Holland.

OBEYINGLY
O*bey"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Obediently; submissively.

OBFIRM; OBFIRMATE
Ob*firm", Ob*firm"ate, v. t. Etym: [L. obfirmatus, p.p. of obfirmare
to make steadfast. See Ob-, and Firm, v. t.]

Defn: To make firm; to harden in resolution. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Sheldon.

OBFIRMATION
Ob"fir*ma"tion, n. Etym: [LL. obfirmatio.]

Defn: Hardness of heart; obduracy. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

OBFUSCATE
Ob*fus"cate, a. Etym: [L. obfuscatus, p.p. of obfuscare to darken; ob
(see Ob-) + fuscare, fuscatum, to darken, from fuscus dark.]

Defn: Obfuscated; darkened; obscured. [Obs.] [Written also
offuscate.] Sir. T. Elyot.

OBFUSCATE
Ob*fus"cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obfuscated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Obfuscating.]

Defn: To darken; to obscure; to becloud; hence, to confuse; to
bewilder.
His head, like a smokejack, the funnel unswept, and the ideas
whirling round and round about in it, all obfuscated and darkened
over with fuliginous matter. Sterne.
Clouds of passion which might obfuscate the intellects of meaner
females. Sir. W. Scott.

OBFUSCATION
Ob`fus*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. obfuscatio.]

Defn: The act of darkening or bewildering; the state of being
darkened. "Obfuscation of the cornea." E. Darwin.

OBI
O"bi, n. Etym: [Prob. of African origin.]

1. A species of sorcery, probably of African origin, practiced among
the negroes of the West Indies. [Written also obe and obeah.] De
Quincey. B. Edwards.

2. A charm or fetich. [West Indies] B. Edwards.

OBIISM
O"bi*ism, n.

Defn: Belief in, or the practice of, the obi superstitions and rites.

OBIMBRICATE
Ob*im"bri*cate, a. Etym: [Pref. ob- + imbricate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Imbricated, with the overlapping ends directed downward.

OBIT
O"bit, n. Etym: [OF. obit, L. obitus, fr. obire to go against, to go
to meet, (sc.mortem) to die; ob (see Ob-) + ire to go. See Issue.]

1. Death; decease; the date of one's death. Wood.

2. A funeral solemnity or office; obsequies.

3. A service for the soul of a deceased person on the anniversary of
the day of his death.
The emoluments and advantages from oblations, obits, and other
sources, increased in value. Milman.
Post obit Etym: [L. post obitum]. See Post-obit.

OBITER
Ob"i*ter, adv. Etym: [L., on the way; ob (see Ob-) + iter a going, a
walk, way.]

Defn: In passing; incidentally; by the way. Obiter dictum (Law), an
incidental and collateral opinion uttered by a judge. See Dictum, n.,
2(a).

OBITUAL
O*bit"u*al, a. Etym: [L. obitus death. See Obit.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to obits, or days when obits are celebrated;
as, obitual days. Smart.

OBITUARILY
O*bit"u*a*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of an obituary.

OBITUARY
O*bit"u*a*ry, a. Etym: [See Obit.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the death of a person or persons; as, an
obituary notice; obituary poetry.

OBITUARY
O*bit"u*a*ry, n.; pl. Obituaries. Etym: [Cf. F. obituaire. See Obit.]

1. That which pertains to, or is called forth by, the obit or death
of a person; esp., an account of a deceased person; a notice of the
death of a person, accompanied by a biographical sketch.

2. (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: A list of the dead, or a register of anniversary days when
service is performed for the dead.

OBJECT
Ob*ject", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Objected; p. pr. & vb. n. Objecting.]
Etym: [L. objectus, p.p. of objicere, obicere, to throw or put
before, to oppose; ob (see Ob-) + jacere to throw: cf. objecter. See
Jet a shooting forth.]

1. To set before or against; to bring into opposition; to oppose.
[Obs.]
Of less account some knight thereto object, Whose loss so great and
harmful can not prove. Fairfax.
Some strong impediment or other objecting itself. Hooker.
Pallas to their eyes The mist objected, and condensed the skies.
Pope.

2. To offer in opposition as a criminal charge or by way of
accusation or reproach; to adduce as an objection or adverse reason.
He gave to him to object his heinous crime. Spencer.
Others object the poverty of the nation. Addison.
The book ... giveth liberty to object any crime against such as are
to be ordered. Whitgift.

OBJECT
Ob*ject", v. i.

Defn: To make opposition in words or argument; -- usually followed by
to. Sir. T. More.

OBJECT
Ob"ject, n. Etym: [L. objectus. See Object, v. t.]

1. That which is put, or which may be regarded as put, in the way of
some of the senses; something visible or tangible; as, he observed an
object in the distance; all the objects in sight; he touched a
strange object in the dark.

2. That which is set, or which may be regarded as set, before the
mind so as to be apprehended or known; that of which the mind by any
of its activities takes cognizance, whether a thing external in space
or a conception formed by the mind itself; as, an object of
knowledge, wonder, fear, thought, study, etc.
Object is a term for that about which the knowing subject is
conversant; what the schoolmen have styled the "materia circa quam."
Sir. W. Hamilton.
The object of their bitterest hatred. Macaulay.

3. That by which the mind, or any of its activities, is directed;
that on which the purpose are fixed as the end of action or effort;
that which is sought for; end; aim; motive; final cause.
Object, beside its proper signification, came to be abusively applied
to denote motive, end, final cause.... This innovation was probably
borrowed from the French. Sir. W. Hamilton.
Let our object be, our country, our whole country, and nothing but
our country. D. Webster.

4. Sight; show; appearance; aspect. [Obs.] Shak.
He, advancing close Up to the lake, past all the rest, arose In
glorious object. Chapman.

5. (Gram.)

Defn: A word, phrase, or clause toward which an action is directed,
or is considered to be directed; as, the object of a transitive verb.
Object glass, the lens, or system of lenses, placed at the end of a
telescope, microscope, etc., which is toward the object. Its office
is to form an image of the object, which is then viewed by the
eyepiece. Called also objective. See Illust. of Microscope.
 -- Object lesson, a lesson in which object teaching is made use of.
 -- Object staff. (Leveling) Same as Leveling staff.
 -- Object teaching, a method of instruction, in which illustrative
objects are employed, each new word or idea being accompanied by a
representation of that which it signifies; -- used especially in the
kindergarten, for young children.

OBJECT
Ob*ject", a. Etym: [L. objectus, p. p.]

Defn: Opposed; presented in opposition; also, exposed. [Obs.]

OBJECTABLE
Ob*ject"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be presented in opposition; that may be put forward
as an objection. [R.]

OBJECTIFY
Ob*jec"ti*fy, v. t. Etym: [Object + -fy.]

Defn: To cause to become an object; to cause to assume the character
of an object; to render objective. J. D. Morell.

OBJECTION
Ob*jec"tion, n. Etym: [L. objectio: cf. F. objection.]

1. The act of objecting; as, to prevent agreement, or action, by
objection. Johnson.

2. That which is, or may be, presented in opposition; an adverse
reason or argument; a reason for objecting; obstacle; impediment; as,
I have no objection to going; unreasonable objections. "Objections
against every truth." Tyndale.

3. Cause of trouble; sorrow. [Obs. or R.]
He remembers the objection that lies in his bosom, and he sighs
deeply. Jer. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- Exception; difficulty; doubt; scruple.

OBJECTIONABLE
Ob*jec"tion*a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to objection; likely to be objected to or disapproved
of; offensive; as, objectionable words.
 -- Ob*jec"tion*a*bly, adv.

OBJECTIST
Ob"ject*ist, n.

Defn: One who adheres to, or is skilled in, the objective philosophy.
Ed. Rev.

OBJECTIVATE
Ob*jec"ti*vate, v. t.

Defn: To objectify.

OBJECTIVATION
Ob*jec`ti*va"tion, n.

Defn: Converting into an object.

OBJECTIVE
Ob*jec"tive, a. Etym: [Cf.F. objectif.]

1. Of or pertaining to an object.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an object; contained in, or having the
nature or position of, an object; outward; external; extrinsic; -- an
epithet applied to whatever ir exterior to the mind, or which is
simply an object of thought or feeling, and opposed to subjective.
In the Middle Ages, subject meant substance, and has this sense in
Descartes and Spinoza: sometimes, also, in Reid. Subjective is used
by William of Occam to denote that which exists independent of mind;
objective, what is formed by the mind. This shows what is meant by
realitas objectiva in Descartes. Kant and Fichte have inverted the
meanings. Subject, with them, is the mind which knows; object, that
which is known; subjective, the varying conditions of the knowing
mind; objective, that which is in the constant nature of the thing
known. Trendelenburg.
Objective means that which belongs to, or proceeds from, the object
known, and not from the subject knowing, and thus denotes what is
real, in opposition to that which is ideal -- what exists in nature,
in contrast to what exists merely in the thought of the individual.
Sir. W. Hamilton.
Objective has come to mean that which has independent exostence or
authority, apart from our experience or thought. Thus, moral law is
said to have objective authority, that is, authority belonging to
itself, and not drawn from anything in our nature. Calderwood
(Fleming's Vocabulary).

3. (Gram.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, the case which follows a
transitive verb or a preposition, being that case in which the direct
object of the verb is placed. See Accusative, n.

Note: The objective case is frequently used without a governing word,
esp. in designations of time or space, where a preposition, as at,
in, on, etc., may be supplied.
My troublous dream [on] this night make me sad. Shak.
To write of victories [in or for] next year. Hudibras.
Objective line (Perspective), a line drawn on the geometrical plane
which is represented or sought to be represented.
 -- Objective plane (Perspective), any plane in the horizontal plane
that is represented.
 -- Objective point, the point or result to which the operations of
an army are directed. By extension, the point or purpose to which
anything, as a journey or an argument, is directed.

Syn.
 -- Objective, Subjective. Objective is applied to things exterior to
the mind, and objects of its attention; subjective, to the operations
of the mind itself. Hence, an objective motive is some outward thing
awakening desire; a subjective motive is some internal feeling or
propensity. Objective views are those governed by outward things;
subjective views are produced or modified by internal feeling. Sir
Walter Scott's poetry is chiefly objective; that of Wordsworth is
eminently subjective.
In the philosophy of mind, subjective denotes what is to be referred
to the thinking subject, the ego; objective what belongs to the
object of thought, the non-ego. Sir. W. Hamilton

OBJECTIVE
Ob*jec"tive, n.

1. (Gram.)

Defn: The objective case.

2. An object glass. See under Object, n.

3. Same as Objective point, under Objective, a.

OBJECTIVELY
Ob*jec"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner or state of an object; as, a determinate idea
objectively in the mind.

OBJECTIVENESS
Ob*jec"tive*ness, n.

Defn: Objectivity.
Is there such a motion or objectiveness of external bodies, which
produceth light Sir M. Hale

OBJECTIVITY
Ob`jec*tiv"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf.F. objectivité.]

Defn: The state, quality, or relation of being objective; character
of the object or of the objective.
The calm, the cheerfulness, the disinterested objectivity have
disappeared [in the life of the Greeks]. M. Arnold.

OBJECTIZE
Ob"ject*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make an object of; to regard as an object; to place in the
position of an object.
In the latter, as objectized by the former, arise the emotions and
affections. Coleridge.

OBJECTLESS
Ob"ject*less, a.

Defn: Having no object; purposeless.

OBJECTOR
Ob*ject"or, n. Etym: [L., an accuser.]

Defn: One who objects; one who offers objections to a proposition or
measure.

OBJIBWAYS
Ob*jib"ways, n.pl.

Defn: See Chippeways.

OBJICIENT
Ob*jic"i*ent, n. Etym: [L. objiciens, p.pr. of objicere to object.]

Defn: One who makes objection; an objector. [R.] Cardinal Wiseman.

OBJURATION
Ob`ju*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. objurare to bind by oath; ob (see Ob-) +
jurare to swear, fr. jus right.]

Defn: A binding by oath. [R.] Abp. Bramhall.

OBJURGATE
Ob*jur"gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Objurgated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Objurgating.] Etym: [L.objurgatus, p.p. of objurgare to chide; ob
(see Ob-) + jurgare to quarrel, scold, fr. jus right, court. See
Jury.]

Defn: To chide; to reprove.

OBJURGATION
Ob`jur*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. objurgatio: cf.F.objurgation.]

Defn: The act of objurgating; reproof.
While the good lady was bestowing this objurgation on Mr.Ben Allen.
Dickens.
With a strong objurgation of the elbow in his ribs. Landor.

OBJURGATORY
Ob*jur"ga*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. objurgatorius.]

Defn: Designed to objurgate or chide; containing or expressing
reproof; culpatory. Bancroft.
The objurgatory question of the Pharisees. Paley.

OBLANCEOLATE
Ob*lan"ce*o*late, a. Etym: [Pref. ob- + lanceolate.]

Defn: Lanceolate in the reversed order, that is, narrowing toward the
point of attachment more than toward the apex.

OBLATE
Ob*late", a. Etym: [L. oblatus, used as p.p. of offerre to bring
forward, offer, dedicate; ob (see Ob-) + latus borne, for tlatus. See
Tolerate.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: Flattened or depressed at the poles; as, the earth is an oblate
spheroid.

2. Offered up; devoted; consecrated; dedicated; -- used chiefly or
only in the titles of Roman Catholic orders. See Oblate, n. Oblate
ellipsoid or spheroid (Geom.), a solid generated by the revolution of
an ellipse about its minor axis; an oblatum. See Ellipsoid of
revolution, under Ellipsoid.

OBLATE
Ob*late", n. Etym: [From Oblate, a.] (R.C.Ch.)
(a) One of an association of priests or religious women who have
offered themselves to the service of the church. There are three such
associations of priests, and one of women, called oblates.
(b) One of the Oblati.

OBLATENESS
Ob*late"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being oblate.

OBLATI
Ob*la"ti, n. pl. Etym: [LL., fr. L. oblatus. See Oblate.] (R.C.Ch.)
(a) Children dedicated in their early years to the monastic state.
(b) A class of persons, especially in the Middle Ages, who offered
themselves and their property to a monastery. Addis & Arnold.

OBLATION
Ob*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. oblatio: cf. F. oblation. See Oblate.]

1. The act of offering, or of making an offering. Locke.

2. Anything offered or presented in worship or sacred service; an
offering; a sacrifice.
A peculiar ... oblation given to God. Jer. Taylor.
A pin was the usual oblation. Sir. W. Scott.

3. A gift or contribution made to a church, as for the expenses of
the eucharist, or for the support of the clergy and the poor.

OBLATIONER
Ob*la"tion*er, n.

Defn: One who makes an offering as an act worship or reverence. Dr.
H. More.

OBLATRATE
Ob*la"trate, v. i. Etym: [L. oblatratus, p.p. of oblatrare to bark
against.]

Defn: To bark or snarl, as a dog. [Obs.]

OBLATRATION
Ob`la*tra"tion, n.

Defn: The act of oblatrating; a barking or snarling. Bp. Hall.

OBLATUM
Ob*la"tum, n.; pl. Oblata. Etym: [NL. See Oblate.] (Geom.)

Defn: An oblate spheroid; a figure described by the revolution of an
ellipse about its minor axis. Cf. Oblongum.

OBLECTATE
Ob*lec"tate, v. t. Etym: [L. oblectatus, p.p. of oblectare.]

Defn: To delight; to please greatly. [Obs.]

OBLECTATION
Ob"lec*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. oblectatio.]

Defn: The act of pleasing highly; the state of being greatly pleased;
delight. [R.] Feltham.

OBLIGABLE
Ob"li*ga*ble, a.

Defn: Acknowledging, or complying with, obligation; trustworthy. [R.]
The main difference between people seems to be, that one man can come
under obligations on which you can rely, -- is obligable; and another
is not. Emerson.

OBLIGATE
Ob"li*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obligated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Obligating.] Etym: [L. obligatus, p.p. of obligare. See Oblige.]

1. To bring or place under obligation, moral or legal; to hold by a
constraining motive. "Obligated by a sense of duty." Proudfit.
That's your true plan -- to obligate The present ministers of state.
Churchill.

2. To bind or firmly hold to an act; to compel; to constrain; to bind
to any act of duty or courtesy by a formal pledge.
That they may not incline or be obligated to any vile or lowly
occupations. Landor.

OBLIGATION
Ob"li*ga"tion, n. Etym: [F. obligation. L. obligatio. See Oblige.]

1. The act of obligating.

2. That which obligates or constrains; the binding power of a
promise, contract, oath, or vow, or of law; that which constitutes
legal or moral duty.
A tender conscience is a stronger obligation than a proson. Fuller.

3. Any act by which a person becomes bound to do something to or for
anouther, or to forbear something; external duties imposed by law,
promise, or contract, by the relations of society, or by courtesy,
kindness, etc.
Every man has obligations which belong to his station. Duties extend
beyond obligation, and direct the affections, desires, and
intentions, as well as the actions. Whewell.

4. The state of being obligated or bound; the state of being indebted
for an act of favor or kindness; as, to place others under
obligations to one.

5. (Law)

Defn: A bond with a condition annexed, and a penalty for
nonfulfillment. In a larger sense, it is an acknowledgment of a duty
to pay a certain sum or do a certain things. Days of obligation. See
under Day.

OBLIGATO
Ob"li*ga"to, a. Etym: [It.]

Defn: See Obbligato.

OBLIGATORILY
Ob"li*ga*to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In an obligatory manner; by reason of obligation. Foxe.

OBLIGATORINESS
Ob"li*ga*to*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being obligatory.

OBLIGATORY
Ob"li*ga*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. obligatorius: cf.F. obligatoire.]

Defn: Binding in law or conscience; imposing duty or obligation;
requiring performance or forbearance of some act; -- often followed
by on or upon; as, obedience is obligatory on a soldier.
As long as the law is obligatory, so long our obedience is due. Jer.
Taylor.

OBLIGE
O*blige", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obliged; p. pr. & vb. n. Obliging.]
Etym: [OF. obligier, F.obliger, L. obligare; ob (see Ob-) + ligare to
bind. See Ligament, and cf. Obligate.]

1. To attach, as by a bond. [Obs.]
He had obliged all the senators and magistrates firmly to himself.
Bacon.

2. To constrain by physical, moral, or legal force; to put under
obligation to do or forbear something.
The obliging power of the law is neither founded in, nor to be
measured by, the rewards and punishments annexed to it. South.
Religion obliges men to the practice of those virtues which conduce
to the preservation of our health. Tillotson.

3. To bind by some favor rendered; to place under a debt; hence, to
do a favor to; to please; to gratify; to accommodate.
Thus man, by his own strength, to heaven would soar, And would not be
obliged to God for more. Dryden.
The gates before it are brass, and the whole much obliged to Pope
Urban VIII. Evelyn.
I shall be more obliged to you than I can express. Mrs. E. Montagu.

OBLIGEE
Ob"li*gee", n. Etym: [F. obligé, p.p. of obliger. See Oblige.]

Defn: The person to whom another is bound, or the person to whom a
bond is given. Blackstone.

OBLIGEMENT
O*blige"ment, n.

Defn: Obligation. [R.]
I will not resist, therefore, whatever it is, either of divine or
human obligement, that you lay upon me. Milton.

OBLIGER
O*bli"ger, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, obliges. Sir H. Wotton.

OBLIGING
O*bli"ging, a.

Defn: Putting under obligation; disposed to oblige or do favors;
hence, helpful; civil; kind.
Mons.Strozzi has many curiosities, and is very obliging to a stranger
who desires the sight of them. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Civil; complaisant; courteous; kind, -- Obliging, Kind,
Complaisant. One is kind who desires to see others happy; one is
complaisant who endeavors to make them so in social intercourse by
attentions calculated to please; one who is obliging performs some
actual service, or has the disposition to do so.
 -- O*bli"ging*ly. adv.
 -- O*bli"ging*ness, n.

OBLIGOR
Ob`li*gor", n.

Defn: The person who binds himself, or gives his bond to another.
Blackstone.

OBLIQUATION
Ob`li*qua"tion, n. Etym: [L. obliquatio, fr. obliquare to turn
obliquely. See Oblique.]

1. The act of becoming oblique; a turning to one side; obliquity; as,
the obliquation of the eyes. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. Deviation from moral rectitude. [R.]

OBLIQUE
Ob*lique", a. Etym: [F., fr. L. obliquus; ob (see Ob-) + liquis
oblique; cf. licinus bent upward, Gr [Written also oblike.]

1. Not erect or perpendicular; neither parallel to, nor at right
angles from, the base; slanting; inclined.
It has a direction oblique to that of the former motion. Cheyne.

2. Not straightforward; indirect; obscure; hence, disingenuous;
underhand; perverse; sinister.
The love we bear our friends... Hath in it certain oblique ends.
Drayton.
This mode of oblique research, when a more direct one is denied, we
find to be the only one in our power. De Quincey.
Then would be closed the restless, oblique eye. That looks for evil,
like a treacherous spy. Wordworth.

3. Not direct in descent; not following the line of father and son;
collateral.
His natural affection in a direct line was strong, in an oblique but
weak. Baker.
Oblique angle, Oblique ascension, etc. See under Angle,Ascension,
etc.
 -- Oblique arch (Arch.), an arch whose jambs are not at right angles
with the face, and whose intrados is in consequence askew.
 -- Oblique bridge, a skew bridge. See under Bridge, n.
 -- Oblique case (Gram.), any case except the nominative. See Case,
n.
 -- Oblique circle (Projection), a circle whose plane is oblique to
the axis of the primitive plane.
 -- Oblique fire (Mil.), a fire the direction of which is not
perpendicular to the line fired at.
 -- Oblique flank (Fort.), that part of the curtain whence the fire
of the opposite bastion may be discovered. Wilhelm.
 -- Oblique leaf. (Bot.) (a) A leaf twisted or inclined from the
normal position. (b) A leaf having one half different from the other.
 -- Oblique line (Geom.), a line that, meeting or tending to meet
another, makes oblique angles with it.
 -- Oblique motion (Mus.), a kind of motion or progression in which
one part ascends or descends, while the other prolongs or repeats the
same tone, as in the accompanying example.
 -- Oblique muscle (Anat.), a muscle acting in a direction oblique to
the mesial plane of the body, or to the associated muscles; --
applied especially to two muscles of the eyeball.
 -- Oblique narration. See Oblique speech.
 -- Oblique planes (Dialing), planes which decline from the zenith,
or incline toward the horizon.
 -- Oblique sailing (Naut.), the movement of a ship when she sails
upon some rhumb between the four cardinal points, making an oblique
angle with the meridian.
 -- Oblique speech (Rhet.), speech which is quoted indirectly, or in
a different person from that employed by the original speaker.
 -- Oblique sphere (Astron. & Geog.), the celestial or terrestrial
sphere when its axis is oblique to the horizon of the place; or as it
appears to an observer at any point on the earth except the poles and
the equator.
 -- Oblique step (Mil.), a step in marching, by which the soldier,
while advancing, gradually takes ground to the right or left at an
angle of about 25º. It is not now practiced. Wilhelm.
 -- Oblique system of coördinates (Anal. Geom.), a system in which
the coördinate axes are oblique to each other.

OBLIQUE
Ob*lique", n. (Geom.)

Defn: An oblique line.

OBLIQUE
Ob*lique", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Obliqued p. pr. & vb. n. Obliquing.]

1. To deviate from a perpendicular line; to move in an oblique
direction.
Projecting his person towards it in a line which obliqued from the
bottom of his spine. Sir. W. Scott.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To march in a direction oblique to the line of the column or
platoon; -- formerly accomplished by oblique steps, now by direct
steps, the men half-facing either to the right or left.

OBLIQUE-ANGLED
Ob*lique"-an`gled, a.

Defn: Having oblique angles; as, an oblique-angled triangle.

OBLIQUELY
Ob*lique"ly, adv.

Defn: In an oblique manner; not directly; indirectly. "Truth
obliquely leveled." Bp. Fell.
Declining from the noon of day, The sun obliquely shoots his burning
ray. Pope
His discourse tends obliquely to the detracting from others. Addison.

OBLIQUENESS
Ob*lique"ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being oblique.

OBLIQUITY
Ob*liq"ui*ty, n.; pl. Obliquities. Etym: [L. obliquitas: cf. F.
obliquité.]

1. The condition of being oblique; deviation from a right line;
deviation from parallelism or perpendicularity; the amount of such
deviation; divergence; as, the obliquity of the ecliptic to the
equator.

2. Deviation from ordinary rules; irregularity; deviation from moral
rectitude.
To disobey [God]...imports a moral obliquity. South.

OBLITE
Ob"lite, a. Etym: [L. oblitus, p.p. pf oblinere to besmear.]

Defn: Indistinct; slurred over. [Obs.] "Obscure and oblite mention."
Fuller.

OBLITERATE
Ob*lit"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obliterated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Obliterating.] Etym: [L. obliteratus, p.p. of obliterare to
obliterate; ob (see Ob-) + litera, littera, letter. See Letter.]

1. To erase or blot out; to efface; to render undecipherable, as a
writing.

2. To wear out; to remove or destroy utterly by any means; to render
imperceptible; as. to obliterate ideas; to obliterate the monuments
of antiquity.
The harsh and bitter feelings of this or that experience are slowly
obliterated. W. Black.

OBLITERATE
Ob*lit"er*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Scarcely distinct; -- applied to the markings of insects.

OBLITERATION
Ob*lit`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. obliteratio: cf.F. oblitération.]

Defn: The act of obliterating, or the state of being obliterated;
extinction. Sir. M. Hale.

OBLITERATIVE
Ob*lit"er*a*tive, a.

Defn: Tending or serving to obliterate.

OBLIVION
Ob*liv"i*on, n. Etym: [L. oblivio, akin to oblivisci to forget: cf.
OF. oblivion.]

1. The act of forgetting, or the state of being forgotten; cessation
of remembrance; forgetfulness.
Second childishness and mere oblivion. Shak.
Among our crimes oblivion may be set. Dryden
The origin of our city will be buried in eternal oblivion. W. Irving.

2. Official ignoring of offenses; amnesty, or general pardon; as, an
act of oblivion. Sir J. Davies.

Syn.
 -- See Forgetfulness.

OBLIVIOUS
Ob*liv"i*ous, a. Etym: [L.obliviosus: cf.F. oblivieux.]

1. Promoting oblivion; causing forgetfulness. "The oblivious pool."
Milton.
She lay in deep, oblivious slumber. Longfellow.

2. Evincing oblivion; forgetful.
Through are both weak in body and oblivious. Latimer.
-- Obliv"i*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Ob*liv"i*ous*ness, n. Foxe.

OBLOCUTOR
Ob*loc"u*tor, n. Etym: [L. oblocutor, obloquutor, fr. obloqui,
oblocutus, to speak against; ob (see Ob-) + loqui to speak. See
Loquacious.]

Defn: A disputer; a gainsayer. [Obs.] Bale.

OBLONG
Ob"long, a. Etym: [L. oblongus; ob (see Ob-) + longus long: cf. F.
oblong.]

Defn: Having greater length than breadth, esp. when rectangular.

OBLONG
Ob"long, n.

Defn: A rectangular figure longer than it is broad; hence, any figure
longer than it is broad.
The best figure of a garden I esteem an oblong upon a descent. Sir W.
Temple.

OBLONGATA
Ob`lon*ga"ta, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: The medulla oblongata. B. G. Wilder.

OBLONGATAL
Ob"lon*ga"tal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the medulla oblongata; medullar.

OBLONGISH
Ob"long*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat oblong.

OBLONGLY
Ob"long*ly, adv.

Defn: In an oblong form.

OBLONGNESS
Ob"long*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being oblong.

OBLONG-OVATE
Ob"long-o"vate, a.

Defn: Between oblong and ovate, but inclined to the latter.

OBLONGUM
Ob*lon"gum, n.; pl. Oblonga. Etym: [NL. See Oblong.] (Geom.)

Defn: A prolate spheroid; a figure described by the revolution of an
ellipse about its greater axis. Cf. Oblatum, and see Ellipsoid of
revolution, under Ellipsoid.

OBLOQUIOUS
Ob*lo"qui*ous, a.

Defn: Containing obloquy; reproachful [R.] Naunton.

OBLOQUY
Ob"lo*quy, n. Etym: [L. obloquium, fr. obloqui. See Oblocutor.]

1. Censorious speech; defamatory language; language that casts
contempt on men or their actions; blame; reprehension.
Shall names that made yuor city the glory of the earth be mentioned
with obloquy and detraction Addison.

2. Cause of reproach; disgrace. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- Reproach; odium; censure; contumely; gainsaying; reviling;
calumny; slander; detraction.

OBLUCTATION
Ob`luc*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. oblictutio, fr. obluctari to struggle
against.]

Defn: A struggle against; resistance; opposition. [Obs.] Fotherby.

OBMUTESCENCE
Ob`mu*tes"cence, n. Etym: [L. obmutescens, p.pr of obmutescere to
become dumb; ob (see Ob-) + mutescere to grow dumb, fr. mutus dumb.]

1. A becoming dumb; loss of speech. Sir T. Browne.

2. A keeping silent or mute. Paley.

OBNOXIOUS
Ob*nox"ious, a. Etym: [L. obnoxius; ob (see Ob-) + noxius hurtful.
See Noxious.]

1. Subject; liable; exposed; answerable; amenable; -- with to.
The writings of lawyers, which are tied obnoxious to their particular
laws. Bacon.
Esteeming it more honorable to live on the public than to be
obnoxious to any private purse. Milton.
Obnoxious, first or last, To basest things Milton.

2. Liable to censure; exposed to punishment; reprehensible;
blameworthy. "The contrived and interested schemes of ...obnoxious
authors." Bp. Fell.
All are obnoxious, and this faulty land, Like fainting Hester, does
before you stand Watching your scepter. Waller.

3. Offensive; odious; hateful; as, an obnoxious statesman; a minister
obnoxious to the Whigs. Burke.
 -- Ob*nox"ious*ly, adv.
 -- Ob*nox"ious*ness, n. South.

OBNUBILATE
Ob*nu"bi*late, v. t. Etym: [L. obnubilatus, p.p. of obnubilare to
obscure. See Ob-, and Nubilate.]

Defn: To cloud; to obscure. [Obs.] Burton.
 -- Ob*nu"bi*la"tion, n. [Obs.] Beddoes.

OBOE
O"boe, n. Etym: [It., fr. F. hautbois. See Hautboy.] (Mus.)

Defn: One of the higher wind instruments in the modern orchestra, yet
of great antiquity, having a penetrating pastoral quality of tone,
somewhat like the clarinet in form, but more slender, and sounded by
means of a double reed; a hautboy. Oboe d'amore Etym: [It., lit.,
oboe of love], and Oboe di caccia Etym: [It., lit., oboe of the
chase], are names of obsolete modifications of the oboe, often found
in the scores of Bach and Handel.

OBOIST
O"bo*ist, n.

Defn: A performer on the oboe.

OBOLARY
Ob"o*la*ry, a. Etym: [See Obolus.]

Defn: Possessing only small coins; impoverished. [R.] Lamb.

OBOLE
Ob"ole, n. Etym: [Cf.F. obole. See Obolus.] (Old Pharm.)

Defn: A weight of twelve grains; or, according to some, of ten
grains, or half a scruple. [Written also obol.]

OBOLIZE
Ob"o*lize, v. t.

Defn: See Obelize.

OBOLO
Ob"o*lo, n. Etym: [Cf. Obolus.]

Defn: A copper coin, used in the Ionian Islands, about one cent in
value.

OBOLUS
Ob"o*lus, n.;pl. Oboli. Etym: [L., fr Gr. ( (Gr.Antiq.)
(a) A small silver coin of Athens, the sixth part of a drachma, about
three cents in value.
(b) An ancient weight, the sixth part of a drachm.

OBOMEGOID
Ob`o*me"goid, a. Etym: [Pref. ob- + omegoid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Obversely omegoid.

OBOVAL
Ob*o"val, a. Etym: [Pref. ob- + oval.]

Defn: Obovate.

OBOVATE
Ob*o"vate. a. Etym: [Pref. ob- + ovate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Inversely ovate; ovate with the narrow end downward; as, an
obovate leaf.

OBREPTION
Ob*rep"tion, n. Etym: [L. obreptio, fr. obrepere, obreptum, to creep
up to; ob (see Ob-) + repere to creep.]

1. The act of creeping upon with secrecy or by surprise. [Obs.]
Cudworth.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: The obtaining gifts of escheat by fraud or surprise. Bell.

OBREPTITIOUS
Ob`rep*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. obreptitus. See Obreption.]

Defn: Done or obtained by surprise; with secrecy, or by concealment
of the truth. [R.] Cotgrave.

OBROGATE
Ob"ro*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. obrogatus, p.p. of obrogare to obrogate.]

Defn: To annul indirectly by enacting a new and contrary law, instead
of by expressly abrogating or repealing the old one. [Obs.] Bailey.

OBROK
Ob"rok, n. Etym: [Russ. obrok'.]
(a) A rent.
(b) A poll tax paid by peasants absent from their lord's estate.
[Russia] Brande & C.

OBSCENE
Ob*scene", a/ Etym: [L. obscenus, obscaenus, obscoenus, ill looking,
filthy, obscene: cf. F. obscéne.]

1. Offensive to chastity or modesty; expressing of presenting to the
mind or view something which delicacy, purity, and decency forbid to
be exposed; impure; as, obscene language; obscene pictures.
Words that were once chaste, by frequent use grew obscene and
uncleanly. I. Watts.

2. Foul; fifthy; disgusting.
A girdle foul with grease bobscene attire. Dryden.

3. Inauspicious; ill-omened. [R.] [A Latinism]
At the cheerful light, The groaning ghosts and birds obscene take
flight. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Impure; immodest; indecent; unchaste; lewd.
 -- Ob*scene"ly, adv.
 -- Ob*scene"ness, n.

OBSCENITY
Ob*scen"i*ty, n.; pl. Obscenities. Etym: [L. obscentias: cf.F.
obscénité.]

Defn: That quality in words or things which presents what is
offensive to chasity or purity of mind; obscene or impure lanquage or
acts; moral impurity; lewdness; obsceneness; as, the obscenity of a
speech, or a picture.
Mr.Cowley asserts plainly, that obscenity has no place in wit.
Dryden.
No pardon vile obscenity should find. Pope.

OBSCURANT
Ob*scur"ant, n. Etym: [L. obscurans, p.pr. of obscurare to obscure.]

Defn: One who obscures; one who prevents enlightenment or hinders the
progress of knowledge and wisdom. Coleridge.

OBSCURANTISM
Ob*scur"ant*ism, n.

Defn: The system or the principles of the obscurants. C. Kingsley.

OBSCURANTIST
Ob*scur"ant*ist, n.

Defn: Same as Obscurant. Ed. Rev.

OBSCURATION
Ob`scu*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. obscurativ: cf.F. obscuration. See
Obscure, v. t. ]

Defn: The act or operation of obscuring; the state of being obscured;
as, the obscuration of the moon in an eclipse. Sir J. Herschel.

OBSCURE
Ob*scure", a. [Compar. Obscurer; superl. Obscurest.] Etym: [L.
obscurus, orig., covered; ob- (see Ob-) + a root probably meaning, to
cover; cf. L. scutum shield, Skr. sku to cover: cf.F. obscur.
Cf.Sky.]

1. Covered over, shaded, or darkened; destitute of light; imperfectly
illuminated; dusky; dim.
His lamp shall be put out in obscure darkness. Prov. xx. 20.

2. Of or pertaining to darkness or night; inconspicuous to the sight;
indistinctly seen; hidden; retired; remote from observation;
unnoticed.
The obscure bird Clamored the livelong night. Shak.
The obscure corners of the earth. Sir J. Davies.

3. Not noticeable; humble; mean. "O base and obscure vulgar." Shak.
"An obscure person." Atterbury.

4. Not easily understood; not clear or legible; abstruse or blind;
as, an obscure passage or inscription.

5. Not clear, full, or distinct; clouded; imperfect; as, an obscure
view of remote objects. Obscure rays (Opt.), those rays which are not
luminous or visible, and which in the spectrum are beyond the limits
of the visible portion.

Syn.
 -- Dark; dim; darksome; dusky; shadowy; misty; abstruse; intricate;
difficult; mysterious; retired; unnoticed; unknown; humble; mean;
indistinct.

OBSCURE
Ob*scure", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obscured; p. pr. & vb. n. Obscuring.]
Etym: [L. obscurare, fr. obscurus: cf. OF. obscurer. See Obscure, a.]

Defn: To render obscure; to darken; to make dim; to keep in the dark;
to hide; to make less visible, intelligible, legible, glorious,
beautiful, or illustrious.
They are all couched in a pit hard by Herne's oak, with obscured
lights. Shak.
Why, 't is an office of discovery, love, And I should be obscured.
Shak.
There is scarce any duty which has been so obscured by the writings
of learned men as this. Wake.
And seest not sin obscures thy godlike frame Dryden.

OBSCURE
Ob*scure", v. i.

Defn: To conceal one's self; to hide; to keep dark. [Obs.]
How! There's bad news. I must obscure, and hear it. Beau. & Fl.

OBSCURE
Ob*scure", n.

Defn: Obscurity. [Obs.] Milton.

OBSCURELY
Ob*scure"ly, adv.

Defn: In an obscure manner. Milton.

OBSCUREMENT
Ob*scure"ment, n.

Defn: The act of obscuring, or the state of being obscured;
obscuration. Pomfret.

OBSCURENESS
Ob*scure"ness, n.

Defn: Obscurity. Bp. Hall.

OBSCURER
Ob*scur"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, obscures.

OBSCURITY
Ob*scu"ri*ty, n. Etym: [L. obscuritas: cf. F. obscurité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being obscure; darkness; privacy;
inconspicuousness; unintelligibleness; uncertainty.
Yuo are not for obscurity designed. Dryden.
They were now brought forth from obscurity, to be contemplated by
artists with admiration and despair. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Darkness; dimness; gloom. See Darkness.

OBSECRATE
Ob"se*crate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obsecrated; p. pr. & vb, n.
Obsecrating.] Etym: [L. obsecratus, p.p. of obsecrare, prop., to ask
on religious grounds; ob (see Ob-) + sacrare to declare as sacred,
from sacer sacred.]

Defn: To beseech; to supplicate; to implore. [R.]. Cockerman.

OBSECRATION
Ob"se*cra"tion, n. Etym: [L. obsecratio: cf. F. obsecration.]

1. The act of obsecrating or imploring; as, the obsecrations of the
Litany, being those clauses beginning with "By." Bp. Stillingfeet.
Shipley.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech in which the orator implores the assistance
of God or man.

OBSECRATORY
Ob"se*cra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Expressing, or used in, entreaty; supplicatory. [R.] Bp. Hall.

OBSEQUENT
Ob"se*quent, a. Etym: [L. obsequens, p.pr. of obsequi; ob (see Ob-) +
sequi. See Sequence.]

Defn: Obedient; submissive; obsequious. [Obs.] Fotherby.

OBSEQUIENCE
Ob*se"qui*ence, n.

Defn: Obsequiousness. [R.]

OBSEQUIES
Ob"se*quies, n.pl.

Defn: See Obsequy.

OBSEQUIOUS
Ob*se"qui*ous, a. Etym: [L.obsequiosus, fr. obsequium compliance, fr.
obsequi, fr. obsequi: cf. F. obséquieux, See Obsequent, and cf.
Obsequy.]

1. Promptly obedient, or submissive, to the will of another;
compliant; yielding to the desires of another; devoted. [Obs.]
His servants weeping, Obsequious to his orders, bear him hither.
Addison.

2. Servilely or meanly attentive; compliant to excess; cringing;
fawning; as, obsequious flatterer, parasite.
There lies ever in "obsequious" at the present the sense of an
observance which is overdone, of an unmanly readiness to fall in with
the will of another. Trench.

3. Etym: [See Obsequy.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to obsequies; funereal. [R.] "To do obsequious
sorrow." Shak.

Syn.
 -- Compliant; obedient; servile. See Yielding.

OBSEQUIOUSLY
Ob*se"qui*ous*ly, adv.

1. In an obsequious manner; compliantly; fawningly. Dryden.

2. In a manner appropriate to obsequies. [Obs.]
Whilst I a while obsequiously lament The untimely fall of virtuous
Lancaster. Shak.

OBSEQUIOUSNESS
Ob*se"qui*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being obsequious. South.

OBSEQUY
Ob"se*quy, n.; pl. Obsequies. Etym: [L. obsequiae, pl., funeral
rites, fr. obsequi: cf.F. obsèques. See Obsequent, and cf.
Obsequious.]

1. The last duty or service to a person, rendered after his death;
hence, a rite or ceremony pertaining to burial; -- now used only in
the plural. Spencer.
I will...fetch him hence, and solemnly attend, With silent obsequy
and funeral train. Milton
I will myself Be the chief mourner at his obsequies. Dryden.
The funeral obsequies were decently and privately performed by his
family J. P. Mahaffy.

2. Obsequiousness. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

OBSERVABLE
Ob*serv"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. observabilis: cf.F. observable.]

Defn: Worthy or capable of being observed; discernible; noticeable;
remarkable. Sir. T. Browne.
The difference is sufficiently observable. Southey.
-- Ob*serv"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Ob*serv"a*bly, adv.

OBSERVANCE
Ob*serv"ance, n. Etym: [F.observance, L. observantia. See Observant.]

1. The act or practice of observing or noticing with attention; a
heeding or keeping with care; performance; -- usually with a sense of
strictness and fidelity; as, the observance of the Sabbath is
general; the strict observance of duties.
It is a custom More honored in the breach than the observance. Shak.

2. An act, ceremony, or rite, as of worship or respect; especially, a
customary act or service of attention; a form; a practice; a rite; a
custom.
At dances These young folk kept their observances. Chaucer.
Use all the observance of civility. Shak.
Some represent to themselves the whole of religion as consisting in a
few easy observances. Rogers.
O I that wasted time to tend upon her, To compass her with sweet
observances! Tennyson.

3. Servile attention; sycophancy. [Obs.]
Salads and flesh, such as their haste could get, Served with
observance. Chapman.
This is not atheism, But court observance. Beau. & Fl.

Syn.
 -- Observance, Observation. These words are discriminated by the two
distinct senses of observe. To observe means (1) to keep strictly;
as, to observe a fast day, and hence, observance denotes the keeping
or heeding with strictness; (2) to consider attentively, or to
remark; and hence, observation denotes either the act of observing,
or some remark made as the result thereof. We do not say the
observation of Sunday, though the word was formerly so used. The
Pharisees were curious in external observances; the astronomers are
curious in celestial observations.
Love rigid honesty, And strict observance of impartial laws.
Roscommon.

OBSERVANCY
Ob*serv"an*cy, n.

Defn: Observance. [Obs.]

OBSERVANDUM
Ob*ser`van"dum, n.; pl. Observanda. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A thing to be observed. Swift.

OBSERVANT
Ob*serv"ant, a. Etym: [L. observans, -anits, p. pr. of observare: cf.
F. observant. See Observe.]

1. Taking notice; viewing or noticing attentively; watchful;
attentive; as, an observant spectator; observant habits.
Wandering from clime to clime observant stray'd. Pope.

2. Submissively attentive; obediently watchful; regardful; mindful;
obedient (to); -- with of, as, to be observant of rules.
We are told how observant Alexander was of his master Aristotle. Sir
K. Digby.

OBSERVANT
Ob*serv"ant, n.

1. One who observes forms and rules. [Obs.] Hooker.

2. A sycophantic servant. [Obs.]
Silly ducking observants, That stretch their duties nicely. Shak.

3. (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: An Observantine.

OBSERVANTINE
Ob`ser*van"tine, n. Etym: [Fr. observantin.] (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: One of a branch of the Order of Franciscans, who profess to
adhere more strictly than the Conventuals to the intention of the
founder, especially as to poverty; -- called also Observants.

OBSERVANTLY
Ob*serv"ant*ly, adv.

Defn: In an observant manner.

OBSERVATION
Ob`ser*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. observatio: cf.F. observation.]

1. The act or the faculty of observing or taking notice; the act of
seeing, or of fixing the mind upon, anything.
My observation, which very seldom lies. Shak.

2. The result of an act, or of acts, of observing; view; reflection;
conclusion; judgment.
In matters of human prudence, we shall find the greatest advantage in
making wise observations on our conduct. I. Watts.

3. Hence: An expression of an opinion or judgment upon what one has
observed; a remark. "That's a foolish observation." Shak.
To observations which ourselves we make We grow more partial for the
observer's sake. Pope.

4. Performance of what is prescribed; adherence in practice;
observance. [Obs.]
We are to procure dispensation or leave to omit the observation of it
in such circumstances. Jer. Taylor.

5. (Science)
(a) The act of recognizing and noting some fact or occurrence in
nature, as an aurora, a corona, or the structure of an animal.
(b) Specifically, the act of measuring, with suitable instruments,
some magnitude, as the time of an occultation, with a clock; the
right ascension of a star, with a transit instrument and clock; the
sun's altitude, or the distance of the moon from a star, with a
sextant; the temperature, with a thermometer, etc.
(c) The information so acquired.

Note: When a phenomenon is scrutinized as it occurs in nature, the
act is termed an observation. When the conditions under which the
phenomenon occurs are artificial, or arranged beforehand by the
observer, the process is called an experiment. Experiment includes
observation. To take an observation (Naut.), to ascertain the
altitude of a heavenly body, with a view to fixing a vessel's
position at sea.

Syn.
 -- Observance; notice; attention; remark; comment; note. See
Observance.

OBSERVATIONAL
Ob`ser*va"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of a pertaining to observation; consisting of, or containing,
observations. Chalmers.

OBSERVATION CAR
Ob`ser*va"tion car.

Defn: A railway passenger car made so as to facilitate seeing the
scenery en route; a car open, or with glass sides, or with a kind of
open balcony at the rear.

OBSERVATIVE
Ob*serv"a*tive, a.

Defn: Observing; watchful.

OBSERVATOR
Ob"ser*va`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. One who observes or takes notice. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

2. One who makes a remark. [Obs.] Dryden.

OBSERVATORY
Ob*serv"a*to*ry, n.; pl. Observatories. Etym: [Cf. F. observatoire.]

1. A place or building for making observations on the heavenly
bodies.
The new observatory in Greenwich Park. Evelyn.

2. A building fitted with instruments for making systematic
observations of any particular class or series of natural phenomena.

3. A place, as an elevated chamber, from which a view may be observed
or commanded.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A lookout on a flank of a battery whence an officer can note
the range and effect of the fire. Farrow.

OBSERVE
Ob*serve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Observed; p. pr. & vb. n. Observing.]
Etym: [L.observare, observatum; ob (see Ob-) + servare to save,
preserve, keep, heed, observe: cf.F. observer. See Serve.]

1. To take notice of by appropriate conduct; to conform one's action
or practice to; to keep; to heed; to obey; to comply with; as, to
observe rules or commands; to observe civility.
Ye shall observe the feast of unleavened bread. Ex. xii. 17.
He wolde no such cursedness observe. Chaucer.
Must I budge Must I observe you Shak.
With solemn purpose to observe Immutably his sovereign will. Milton.

2. To be on the watch respecting; to pay attention to; to notice with
care; to see; to perceive; to discover; as, to observe an eclipse; to
observe the color or fashion of a dress; to observe the movements of
an army.

3. To express as what has been noticed; to utter as a remark; to say
in a casual or incidental way; to remark.

OBSERVE
Ob*serve", v. i.

1. To take notice; to give attention to what one sees or hears; to
attend.

2. To make a remark; to comment; -- generally with on or upon.
I have barely quoted... without observing upon it. Pope.

Syn.
 -- To remark. See Remark.

OBSERVER
Ob*serv"er, n.

1. One who observes, or pays attention to, anything; especially, one
engaged in, or trained to habits of, close and exact observation; as,
an astronomical observer.
The observed of all observers. Shak.
Careful observers may foretell the hour, By sure prognostic, when to
dread a shower. Swift.

2. One who keeps any law, custom, regulation, rite, etc.; one who
conforms to anything in practice. "Diligent observers of old
customs." Spenser.
These... hearkend unto observers of times. Deut. xviii. 14.

3. One who fulfills or performs; as, an observer of his promises.

4. A sycophantic follower. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

OBSERVERSHIP
Ob*serv"er*ship, n.

Defn: The office or work of an observer.

OBSERVING
Ob*serv"ing, a.

Defn: Giving particular attention; habitually attentive to what
passes; as, an observing person; an observing mind.
 -- Ob*serv"ing*ly, adv.

OBSESS
Ob*sess", v. t. Etym: [L. obsessus, p.p. of obsidere to besiege; ob
(see Ob-) + sedere to sit.]

Defn: To besiege; to beset. Sir T. Elyot.

OBSESSION
Ob*ses"sion, n. Etym: [L. obsessio: cf.F. obsession.]

1. The act of besieging. Johnson.

2. The state of being besieged; -- used specifically of a person
beset by a spirit from without. Tylor.
Whether by obsession or possession, I will not determine. Burton.

OBSIDIAN
Ob*sid"i*an, n. Etym: [L. Obsidianus lapis, so named, according to
Pliny, after one Obsidius, who discovered it in Ethiopia: cf.F.
obsidiane, obsidienne. The later editions of Pliny read Obsianus
lapis, and Obsius, instead of Obsidianus lapis, and Obsidius.] (Min.)

Defn: A kind of glass produced by volcanoes. It is usually of a black
color, and opaque, except in thin splinters.

Note: In a thin section it often exhibits a fluidal structure, marked
by the arrangement of microlites in the lines of the flow of the
molten mass.

OBSIDIONAL
Ob*sid"i*o*nal, a. Etym: [L. obsidionalis, from obsidio a siege,
obsidere to besiege: cf.F. obsidional. See Obsess.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a siege. Obsidional crown (Rom.Antiq.), a
crown bestowed upon a general who raised the siege of a beleaguered
place, or upon one who held out against a siege.

OBSIGILLATION
Ob*sig`il*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. ob (see Ob-) + sigillum a seal.]

Defn: A sealing up. [Obs.] Maunder.

OBSIGN
Ob*sign", v. t. Etym: [See Obsignate.]

Defn: To seal; to confirm, as by a seal or stamp. [Obs.] Bradford.

OBSIGNATE
Ob*sig"nate, v. t. Etym: [L. obsignated, p.p. of obsignare to seal.
See Ob-, and Sign.]

Defn: To seal; to ratify. [Obs.] Barrow.

OBSIGNATION
Ob`sig*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. obsignatio.]

Defn: The act of sealing or ratifying; the state of being sealed or
confirmed; confirmation, as by the Holy Spirit.
The spirit of manifestation will but upbraid you in the shame and
horror of a sad eternity, if you have not the spirit of obsignation.
Jer. Taylor.

OBSIGNATORY
Ob*sig"na*to*ry, a.

Defn: Ratifying; confirming by sealing. [Obs.] Samuel Ward (1643)

OBSOLESCE
Ob`so*lesce", v. i. Etym: [L. obsolescere. See Obsolescent.]

Defn: To become obsolescent. [R.] Fitzed. Hall.

OBSOLESCENCE
Ob`so*les"cence, n. Etym: [See Obsolescent.]

Defn: The state of becoming obsolete.

OBSOLESCENT
Ob`so*les"cent, a. Etym: [L. obsolescens, -entis, p.pr. of
obsolescere, to wear out gradually, to fall into disuse; ob (see Ob-)
+ solere to use, be wont.]

Defn: Going out of use; becoming obsolete; passing into desuetude.

OBSOLETE
Ob"so*lete, a. Etym: [L. obsoletus, p.p. of obsolescere. See
Obsolescent.]

1. No longer in use; gone into disuse; disused; neglected; as, an
obsolete word; an obsolete statute; -- applied chiefly to words,
writings, or observances.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Not very distinct; obscure; rudimental; imperfectly developed;
abortive.

Syn.
 -- Ancient; antiquated; old-fashioned; antique; old; disused;
neglected. See Ancient.

OBSOLETE
Ob"so*lete, v. i.

Defn: To become obsolete; to go out of use. [R.] Fitzed. Hall.

OBSOLETELY
Ob"so*lete*ly, adv.

Defn: In an obsolete manner.

OBSOLETENESS
Ob"so*lete*ness, n.

1. The state of being obsolete, or no longer used; a state of
desuetude.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Indistinctness; want of development.

OBSOLETISM
Ob"so*let*ism, n.

Defn: A disused word or phrase; an archaism. Fitzed. Hall.

OBSTACLE
Ob"sta*cle, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. obstaculum, fr. obstare to
withstand, oppose; ob (see Ob-) + stare to stand. See Stand. and cf.
Oust, v.]

Defn: That which stands in the way, or opposes; anything that hinders
progress; a hindrance; an obstruction, physical or moral.
If all obstacles were cut away. And that my path were even to the
crown. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Impediment; obstuction; hindrance; difficulty. See Impediment,
and Obstruction.

OBSTANCY
Ob"stan*cy, n. Etym: [L. obstantia, fr. obstans, p.pr. of obstare.
See Obstacle.]

Defn: Opposition; impediment; obstruction. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

OBSTETRIC; OBSTETRICAL
Ob*stet"ric, Ob*stet"ric*al, a. Etym: [L. obstetricius, fr.
obstetrix, -icis, a midwife, fr. obstare to stand before: cf.F.
obstétrique. See Obstacle.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to midwifery, or the delivery of women in
childbed; as, the obstetric art. Obstetrical toad (Zoöl.), a European
toad of the genus Alytes, especially A. obstetricans. The eggs are
laid in a string which the male winds around his legs, and carries
about until the young are hatched.

OBSTETRICATE
Ob*stet"ri*cate, v. i. Etym: [L. obstetricatus, p.p. of obstetricare,
fr. obstetrix.]

Defn: To perform the office of midwife. [Obs.] "Nature does
obstetricate." Evelyn.

OBSTETRICATE
Ob*stet"ri*cate, v. t.

Defn: To assist as a midwife. [Obs.] E. Waterhouse.

OBSTETRICATION
Ob*stet"ri*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of assisting as a midwife; delivery. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

OBSTETRICIAN
Ob`ste*tri"cian, n.

Defn: One skilled in obstetrics; an accoucheur.

OBSTETRICIOUS
Ob`ste*tri"cious, a. Etym: [See Obstetric.]

Defn: Serving to assist childbirth; obstetric; hence, facilitating
any bringing forth or deliverance. [Obs.]
Yet is all human teaching but maieutical, or obstetricious. Cudworth.

OBSTETRICS
Ob*stet"rics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. obstétrique. See Obstetric.]

Defn: The science of midwifery; the art of assisting women in
parturition, or in the trouble incident to childbirth.

OBSTETRICY
Ob*stet"ri*cy, n.

Defn: Obstetrics. [R.] Dunglison.

OBSTINACY
Ob"sti*na*cy, n. Etym: [See Obstinate.]

1. A fixedness in will, opinion, or resolution that can not be shaken
at all, or only with great difficulty; firm and usually unreasonable
adherence to an opinion, purpose, or system; unyielding disposition;
stubborness; pertinacity; persistency; contumacy.
You do not well in obstinacy To cavil in the course of this contract.
Shak.
To shelter their ignorance, or obstinacy, under the obscurity of
their terms. Locke.

2. The quality or state of being difficult to remedy, relieve, or
subdue; as, the obstinacy of a disease or evil.

Syn.
 -- Pertinacity; firmness; resoluteness; inflexibility; persistency;
stubbornness; perverseness; contumacy.
 -- Obstinacy, Pertinacity. Pertinacity denotes great firmness in
holding to a thing, aim, etc. Obstinacy is great firmness in holding
out against persuasion, attack, etc. The former consists in
adherence, the latter in resistance. An opinion is advocated with
pertinacity or defended with obstinacy. Pertinacity is often used in
a good sense; obstinacy generally in a bad one. "In this reply was
included a very gross mistake, and if with pertinacity maintained, a
capital error." Sir T. Browne. "Every degree of obstinacy in youth is
one step to rebellion." South.

OBSTINATE
Ob"sti*nate, a. Etym: [L. obstinatus, p.p. of obstinare to set about
a thing with firmness, to persist in; ob (see Ob-) + a word from the
root of stare to stand. See Stand, and cf.Destine.]

1. Pertinaciously adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course;
persistent; not yielding to reason, arguments, or other means;
stubborn; pertinacious; -- usually implying unreasonableness.
I have known great cures done by obstinate resolution of drinking no
wine. Sir W. Temple.
No ass so meek, no ass so obstinate. Pope.
Of sense and outward things. Wordsworth.

2. Not yielding; not easily subdued or removed; as, obstinate fever;
obstinate obstructions.

Syn.
 -- Stubborn; inflexible; immovable; firm; pertinacious; persistent;
headstrong; opinionated; unyielding; refractory; contumacious. See
Stubborn.
 -- Ob"sti*nate*ly, adv.
 -- Ob"sti*nate*ness, n.

OBSTINATION
Ob`sti*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. obstinatio.]

Defn: Obstinacy; stubbornness. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

OBSTIPATION
Ob`sti*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. obstipatio a close pressure; ob (see Ob-
) + stipare to press.]

1. The act of stopping up, as a passage. [Obs.] Bailey.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Extreme constipation. [Obs.] Hooper.

OBSTREPEROUS
Ob*strep"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. obstreperus, from obstrepere to make a
noise at; ob (see Ob-) + strepere to make a noise.]

Defn: Attended by, or making, a loud and tumultuous noise; clamorous;
noisy; vociferous. "The obstreperous city." Wordsworth. "Obstreperous
approbation." Addison.
Beating the air with their obstreperous beaks. B. Jonson.
-- Ob*strep"er*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Ob*strep"er*ous*ness, n.

OBSTRICTION
Ob*stric"tion, n. Etym: [L. obstringere, obstrictum, to bind to or
about.]

Defn: The state of being constrained, bound, or obliged; that which
constrains or obliges; obligation; bond. [R.] Milton.

OBSTRINGE
Ob*stringe", v. t. Etym: [See Obstriction.]

Defn: To constrain; to put under obligation. [R.] Bp. Gardiner.

OBSTRUCT
Ob*struct", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obstructed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Obstructing.] Etym: [L. obstructus, p.p. of obstruere to build up
before or against, to obstruct; ob (see Ob-) + struere to pile up.
See Structure.]

1. To block up; to stop up or close, as a way or passage; to place an
obstacle in, or fill with obstacles or impediments that prevent or
hinder passing; as, to obstruct a street; to obstruct the channels of
the body.
'T is the obstructed paths of sound shall clear. Pope.

2. To be, or come, in the way of; to hinder from passing; to stop; to
impede; to retard; as, the bar in the harbor obstructs the passage of
ships; clouds obstruct the light of the sun; unwise rules obstruct
legislation. "Th' impatience of obstructed love." Johnson.

Syn.
 -- To bar; barricade; stop; arrest; check; interrupt; clog; choke;
impede; retard; embarrass; oppose.

OBSTRUCTER
Ob*struct"er, n.

Defn: One who obstructs or hinders.

OBSTRUCTION
Ob*struc"tion, n. Etym: [L.obstructio.]

1. The act of obstructing, or state of being obstructed.

2. That which obstructs or impedes; an obstacle; an impediment; a
hindrance.
A popular assembly free from obstruction. Swift.

3. The condition of having the natural powers obstructed in their
usual course; the arrest of the vital functions; death. [Poetic]
To die, and go we know not where, To lie in cold obstruction, and to
rot. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Obstacle; bar; barrier; impediment; clog; check; hindrance.
 -- Obstruction, Obstacle. The difference between these words is that
indicated by their etymology; an obstacle is something standing in
the way; an obstruction is something put in the way. Obstacle implies
more fixedness and is the stronger word. We remove obstructions; we
surmount obstacles.
Disparity in age seems a greater obstacle to an intimate friendship
than inequality of fortune. Collier.
The king expected to meet with all the obstructions and difficulties
his enraged enemies could lay in his way. Clarendon.

OBSTRUCTIONISM
Ob*struc"tion*ism, n.

Defn: The act or the policy of obstructing progress. Lond. Lit.
World.

OBSTRUCTIONIST
Ob*struc"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who hinders progress; one who obstructs business, as in a
legislative body.
 -- a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to obstructionists. [Recent]

OBSTRUCTIVE
Ob*struct"ive, a. Etym: [Cf.F. obstrictif.]

Defn: Tending to obstruct; presenting obstacles; hindering; causing
impediment.
 -- Ob*struct"ive*ly, adv.

OBSTRUCTIVE
Ob*struct"ive, n.

Defn: An obstructive person or thing.

OBSTRUENT
Ob"stru*ent, a. Etym: [L. obstruens, p.pr. of obstruere. See
Obstruct.]

Defn: Causing obstruction; blocking up; hindering; as, an obstruent
medicine. Johnson.

OBSTRUENT
Ob"stru*ent, n.

Defn: Anything that obstructs or closes a passage; esp., that which
obstructs natural passages in the body; as, a medicine which acts as
an obstruent.

OBSTUPEFACTION
Ob*stu`pe*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. obstuperfacere to stupefy.]

Defn: See Stupefaction. [Obs.] Howell.

OBSTUPEFACTIVE
Ob*stu`pe*fac"tive, a.

Defn: Stupefactive. [Obs.]

OBSTUPEFY
Ob*stu"pe*fy, v. t. Etym: [Cf.L. obstupefacere. See Ob-, and
Stupefy.]

Defn: See Stupefy. [Obs.]

OBTAIN
Ob*tain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obtained; p. pr. & vb. n. Obtaining.]
Etym: [F. obtenir, L. obtinere; ob (see Ob-) + tenere to hold. See
Tenable.]

1. To hold; to keep; to possess. [Obs.]
His mother, then, is mortal, but his Sire He who obtains the monarchy
of heaven. Milton.

2. To get hold of by effort; to gain possession of; to procure; to
acquire, in any way.
Some pray for riches; riches they obtain. Dryden.
By guileful fair words peace may be obtained. Shak.
It may be that I may obtain children by her. Gen. xvi. 2.

Syn.
 -- To attain; gain; procure; acquire; win; earn. See Attain.
 -- To Obtain, Get, Gain, Earn, Acquire. The idea of getting is
common to all these terms. We may, indeed, with only a slight change
of sense, substitute get for either of them; as, to get or to gain a
prize; to get or to obtain an employment; to get or to earn a living;
to get or to acquire a language. To gain is to get by striving; and
as this is often a part of our good fortune, the word gain is
peculiarly applicable to whatever comes to us fortuitously. Thus, we
gain a victory, we gain a cause, we gain an advantage, etc. To earn
is to deserve by labor or service; as, to earn good wages; to earn a
triumph. Unfortunately, one does not always get or obtain what he has
earned. To obtain implies desire for possession, and some effort
directed to the attainment of that which is not immediately within
our reach. Whatever we thus seek and get, we obtain, whether by our
own exertions or those of others; whether by good or bad means;
whether permanently, or only for a time. Thus, a man obtains an
employment; he obtains an answer to a letter, etc. To acquire is more
limited and specific. We acquire what comes to us gradually in the
regular exercise of our abilities, while we obtain what comes in any
way, provided we desire it. Thus, we acquire knowledge, property,
honor, reputation, etc. What we acquire becomes, to a great extent,
permanently our own; as, to acquire a language; to acquire habits of
industry, etc.

OBTAIN
Ob*tain", v. i.

1. To become held; to gain or have a firm footing; to be recognized
or established; to subsist; to become prevalent or general; to
prevail; as, the custom obtains of going to the seashore in summer.
Sobriety hath by use obtained to signify temperance in drinking. Jer.
Taylor.
The Theodosian code, several hundred years after Justinian's time,
did obtain in the western parts of Europe. Baker.

2. To prevail; to succeed. [R.] Evelyn.
So run that ye may obtain. 1 Cor. ix. 24.
There is due from the judge to the advocate, some commendation, where
causes are fair pleaded; especially towards the side which obtaineth
not. Bacon.

OBTAINABLE
Ob*tain"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being obtained.

OBTAINER
Ob*tain"er, n.

Defn: One who obtains.

OBTAINMENT
Ob*tain"ment, n.

Defn: The act or process of obtaining; attainment. Milton.

OBTECTED
Ob*tect"ed, a. Etym: [L. obtectus, p.p. of obtegere to cover over.]

1. Covered; protected. [Obs.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Covered with a hard chitinous case, as the pupa of certain
files.

OBTEMPER
Ob*tem"per, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Obtemperate.] (Scots Law)

Defn: To obey (a judgment or decree).

OBTEMPERATE
Ob*tem"per*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. obtemperare, obtemperatum to obey.]

Defn: To obey. [Obs.] Johnson.

OBTEND
Ob*tend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obtended; p. pr. & vb. n. Obtending.]
Etym: [L.obtendere, obtentum, to stretch or place before or against;
ob (see Ob-) + tendere to stretch.]

1. To oppose; to hold out in opposition. [Obs.] Dryden.

2. To offer as the reason of anything; to pretend. [Obs.] Dryden

OBTENEBRATION
Ob*ten`e*bra"tion, n. Etym: [L. obtenebrate to make dark.]

Defn: The act of darkening; the state of being darkened; darkness.
[Obs.]
In every megrim or vertigo, there is an obtenebration joined with a
semblance of turning round. Bacon.

OBTENSION
Ob*ten"sion, n. Etym: [L. obtentio. See Obtend.]

Defn: The act of obtending. [Obs.] Johnson.

OBTEST
Ob*test", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obtested; p. pr. & vb. n. Obtesting.]
Etym: [L. obtestari; ob (see Ob-) + testari to witness, fr. testis a
witness.]

1. To call to witness; to invoke as a witness. [R.] Dryden.

2. To beseech; to supplicate; to beg for. [R.]

OBTEST
Ob*test", v. i.

Defn: To protest. [R.] E. Waterhouse.

OBTESTATION
Ob`tes*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. obtestatio.]

Defn: The act of obtesting; supplication; protestation. [R.]
Antonio asserted this with great obtestation. Evelyn.

OBTRECTATION
Ob`trec*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. obtrectatio, from obtrectare to detract
from through envy. See Detract.]

Defn: Slander; detraction; calumny. [Obs.] Barrow.

OBTRUDE
Ob*trude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obtruded, p. pr. & vb. n. Obtruding.]
Etym: [L. obtrudere, obtrusum; ob (see Ob-) + trudere to thrust. See
Threat.]

1. To thrust impertinently; to present without warrant or
solicitation; as, to obtrude one's self upon a company.
The objects of our senses obtrude their particular ideas upon our
minds, whether we will or no. Lock.

2. To offer with unreasonable importunity; to urge unduly or against
the will. Milton.

OBTRUDE
Ob*trude", v. i.

Defn: To thrust one's self upon a company or upon attention; to
intrude.

Syn.
 -- To Obtrude, Intrude. To intrude is to thrust one's self into a
place, society, etc., without right, or uninvited; to obtrude is to
force one's self, remarks, opinions, etc., into society or upon
persons with whom one has no such intimacy as to justify such
boldness.

OBTRUDER
Ob*trud"er, n.

Defn: One who obtrudes. Boyle.

OBTRUNCATE
Ob*trun"cate, v. t. Etym: [L. obtruncatus, p.p. of obtruncare.]

Defn: To deprive of a limb; to lop. [R.]

OBTRUNCATION
Ob`trun*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. obtruncatio.]

Defn: The act of lopping or cutting off. [R.] Cockeram.

OBTRUSION
Ob*tru"sion, n. Etym: [L. obtrusio. See Obtrude.]

1. The act of obtruding; a thrusting upon others by force or
unsolicited; as, the obtrusion of crude opinions on the world.

2. That which is obtruded. Milton.

OBTRUSIONIST
Ob*tru"sion*ist, n.

Defn: One who practices or excuses obtrusion. [R.] Gent. Mag.

OBTRUSIVE
Ob*tru"sive, a.

Defn: Disposed to obtrude; inclined to intrude or thrust one's self
or one's opinions upon others, or to enter uninvited; forward;
pushing; intrusive.
 -- Ob*tru"sive*ly, adv.
 -- Ob*tru"sive*ness, n.
Not obvious, not obtrusive, but retired. Milton.

OBTUND
Ob*tund", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obtunded; p. pr. & vb. n. Obtunding.]
Etym: [L. obtundere, obtusum; ob (see Ob-) + tundere to strike or
beat. See Stutter.]

Defn: To reduce the edge, pungency, or violent action of; to dull; to
blunt; to deaden; to quell; as, to obtund the acrimony of the gall.
[Archaic] Harvey.
They...have filled all our law books with the obtunding story of
their suits and trials. Milton.

OBTUNDENT
Ob*tund"ent, n. Etym: [L. obtundens, p.pr. of obtundere.] (Med.)

Defn: A substance which sheathes a part, or blunts irritation,
usually some bland, oily, or mucilaginous matter; -- nearly the same
as demulcent. Forsyth.

OBTUNDER
Ob*tund"er, n. (Med.)

Defn: That which obtunds or blunts; especially, that which blunts
sensibility.

OBTURATE
Ob"tu*rate, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Obturated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Obturating.] [L. obturatus; p.p. of obturare.]

Defn: To stop or close, as an opening; specif., (Ordnance),

Defn: to stop (a gun breech) so as to prevent the escape of gas in
firing.

OBTURATION
Ob`tu*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. obturare to stop up: cf.F. obturation.]

Defn: The act of stopping up, or closing, an opening. "Deaf by an
outward obturation." Bp. Hall.

OBTURATOR
Ob"tu*ra`tor, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. obturare to stop up: cf.F.
obturateur.]

1. That which closes or stops an opening.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: An apparatus designed to close an unnatural opening, as a
fissure of the palate.

OBTURATOR
Ob"tu*ra`tor, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Serving as an obturator; closing an opening; pertaining to, or
in the region of, the obturator foramen; as, the obturator nerve.
Obturator foramen (Anat.), an opening situated between the public and
ischial parts of the innominate bone and closed by the obturator
membrane; the thyroid foramen.

OBTUSANGULAR
Ob*tus"an`gu*lar, a.

Defn: See Obstuseangular.

OBTUSE
Ob*tuse". a. [Compar. Obtuser (; superl. Obtusest.] Etym: [L.
obtusus, p.p. of obtundere to blunt: cf. F. obtus. See Obtund.]

1. Not pointed or acute; blunt; -- applied esp. to angles greater
than a right angle, or containing more than ninety degrees.

2. Not having acute sensibility or perceptions; dull; stupid; as,
obtuse senses. Milton.

3. Dull; deadened; as, obtuse sound. Johnson.

OBTUSE-ANGLED; OBTUSE-ANGULAR
Ob*tuse"-an`gled, ob*tuse"-an`gu*lar, a.

Defn: Having an obtuse angle; as, an obtuse-angled triangle.

OBTUSELY
Ob*tuse"ly, adv.

Defn: In an obtuse manner.

OBTUSENESS
Ob*tuse"ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being obtuse.

OBTUSION
Ob*tu"sion (, n. Etym: [L. obtusio, from obtundere to blunt. See
Obtund.]

1. The act or process of making obtuse or blunt.

2. The state of being dulled or blunted; as, the obtusion of the
senses. Harvey.

OBTUSITY
Ob*tu"si*ty, n.

Defn: Obtuseness. Lond. Quart. Rev.

OBUMBRANT
Ob*um"brant, a. Etym: [L.obumbrans, p.pr.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Overhanging; as, obumbrant feathers.

OBUMBRATE
Ob*um"brate, v. t. Etym: [L. obumbratus, p.p. of obumbrare to
overshadow, cloud; ob + umbrare to shade.]

Defn: To shade; to darken; to cloud. [R.] Howell.

OBUMBRATION
Ob`um*bra"tion, n. Etym: [L. obumbratio.]

Defn: Act of darkening or obscuring. [R.] Sir T. More.

OBUNCOUS
Ob*un"cous, a. Etym: [L. obuncus; ob (see Ob-) + uncus hooked.]

Defn: Hooked or crooked in an extreme degree. Maunder.

OBVENTION
Ob*ven"tion, n. Etym: [L. obvention, fr. obvenire to come before or
in the way of, to befall; ob (see Ob-) + venire to come: cf.F.
obvention.]

Defn: The act of happening incidentally; that which happens casually;
an incidental advantage; an occasional offering. [Obs.] "Tithes and
other obventions." Spenser.
Legacies bequeathed by the deaths of princes and great persons, and
other casualities and obventions. Fuller.

OBVERSANT
Ob*vers"ant, a. Etym: [L. obversans, p.pr. of obversari to hover
before; ob (see Ob-) + versare to move about.]

Defn: Conversant; familiar. [Obs.] Bacon.

OBVERSE
Ob*verse", a. Etym: [L. obversus, p.p. of obvertere. See Obvert.]

Defn: Having the base, or end next the attachment, narrower than the
top, as a leaf.

OBVERSE
Ob"verse, n. Etym: [Cf.F. obverse, obvers. See Obverse, a.]

1. The face of a coin which has the principal image or inscription
upon it; -- the other side being the reverse.

2. Anything necessarily involved in, or answering to, another; the
more apparent or conspicuous of two possible sides, or of two
corresponding things.
The fact that it [a belief] invariably exists being the obverse of
the fact that there is no alternative belief. H. Spencer.

OBVERSELY
Ob*verse"ly, adv.

Defn: In an obverse manner.

OBVERSION
Ob*ver"sion, n. Etym: [L. obversio a turning towards.]

1. The act of turning toward or downward.

2. (Logic)

Defn: The act of immediate inference, by which we deny the opposite
of anything which has been affirmed; as, all men are mortal; then, by
obversion, no men are immortal. This is also described as "immediate
inference by privative conception." Bain.

OBVERT
Ob*vert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Obverting.]
Etym: [L. obvertere; ob (see Ob-) + vertere to turn. See Verse.]

Defn: To turn toward.
If its base be obverted towards us. I. Watts.

OBVIATE
Ob"vi*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obviated; p. pr. & vb. n. Obviating.]
Etym: [L. obviare; ob (see Ob-) + viare to go, fr. via way. See
Voyage.]

1. To meet in the way. [Obs.]
Not to stir a step to obviate any of a different religion. Fuller.

2. To anticipate; to prevent by interception; to remove from the way
or path; to make unnecessary; as, to obviate the necessity of going.
To lay down everything in its full light, so as to obviate all
exceptions. Woodward.

OBVIATION
Ob`vi*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of obviating, or the state of being obviated.

OBVIOUS
Ob"vi*ous, a. Etym: [L. obvius; ob (see Ob-) + via way. See Voyage.]

1. Opposing; fronting. [Obs.]
To the evil turn My obvious breast. Milton.

2. Exposed; subject; open; liable. [Obs.] "Obvious to dispute."
Milton.

3. Easily discovered, seen, or understood; readily perceived by the
eye or the intellect; plain; evident; apparent; as, an obvious
meaning; an obvious remark.
Apart and easy to be known they lie, Amidst the heap, and obvious to
the eye. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Plain; clear; evident. See Manifest.
 -- Ob"vi*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Ob"vi*ous-ness, n.

OBVOLUTE; OBVOLUTED
Ob"vo*lute, Ob`vo*lu"ted, a. Etym: [L. obvolutus, p.p. of obvolvere
to wrap round; ob (see Ob-) + volvere to roll.]

Defn: Overlapping; contorted; convolute; -- applied primarily, in
botany, to two opposite leaves, each of which has one edge
overlapping the nearest edge of the other, and secondarily to a
circle of several leaves or petals which thus overlap.

OBY
O"by, n.

Defn: See Obi.

OCA
O"ca, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Peruvian name for certain species of Oxalis (O. crenata, and
O. tuberosa) which bear edible tubers.

OCARINA
Oc`a*ri"na, n. [Cf. It. carino pretty.] (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of small simple wind instrument.

OCCAMY
Oc"ca*my, n. Etym: [A corruption of alchemy.]

Defn: An alloy imitating gold or silver. [Written also ochimy,
ochymy, etc.]

OCCASION
Oc*ca"sion, n. Etym: [F. occasion, L. occasio, fr.occidere, occasum,
to fall down; ob (see Ob-) + cadere to fall. See Chance, and cf.
Occident.]

1. A falling out, happening, or coming to pass; hence, that which
falls out or happens; occurrence; incident.
The unlooked-for incidents of family history, and its hidden
excitements, and its arduous occasions. I. Taylor.

2. A favorable opportunity; a convenient or timely chance;
convenience.
Sin, taking occasion by the commandment, deceived me. Rom. vii. 11.
I'll take the occasion which he gives to bring Him to his death.
Waller.

3. An occurrence or condition of affairs which brings with it some
unlooked-for event; that which incidentally brings to pass an event,
without being its efficient cause or sufficient reason; accidental or
incidental cause.
Her beauty was the occasion of the war. Dryden.

4. Need; exigency; requirement; necessity; as, I have no occasion for
firearms.
After we have served ourselves and our own occasions. Jer. Taylor.
When my occasions took me into France. Burke.

5. A reason or excuse; a motive; a persuasion.
Whose manner was, all passengers to stay, And entertain with her
occasions sly. Spenser.
On occasion, in case of need; in necessity; as convenience requires;
occasionally. "That we might have intelligence from him on occasion,"
De Foe.

Syn.
 -- Need; incident; use. See Opportunity.

OCCASION
Oc*ca"sion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Occasioned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Occasioning.] Etym: [Cf.F. occasionner.]

Defn: To give occasion to; to cause; to produce; to induce; as, to
occasion anxiety. South.
If we inquire what it is that occasions men to make several
combinations of simple ideas into distinct modes. Locke.

OCCASIONABLE
Oc*ca"sion*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being occasioned or caused. Barrow.

OCCASIONAL
Oc*ca"sion*al, a. Etym: [Cf.F. occasionnel.]

1. Of or pertaining to an occasion or to occasions; occuring at
times, but not constant, regular, or systematic; made or happening as
opportunity requires or admits; casual; incidental; as, occasional
remarks, or efforts.
The... occasional writing of the present times. Bagehot.

2. Produced by accident; as, the occasional origin of a thing. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne. Occasional cause (Metaph.), some circumstance
preceding an effect which, without being the real cause, becomes the
occasion of the action of the efficient cause; thus, the act of
touching gunpowder with fire is the occasional, but not the
efficient, cause of an explosion.

OCCASIONALISM
Oc*ca"sion*al*ism, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: The system of occasional causes; -- a name given to certain
theories of the Cartesian school of philosophers, as to the
intervention of the First Cause, by which they account for the
apparent reciprocal action of the soul and the body.

OCCASIONALITY
Oc*ca`sion*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being occasional; occasional occurrence.
[R.]

OCCASIONALLY
Oc*ca"sion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an occasional manner; on occasion; at times, as convenience
requires or opportunity offers; not regularly. Stewart.
The one, Wolsey, directly his subject by birth; the other, his
subject occasionally by his preferment. Fuller.

OCCASIONATE
Oc*ca"sion*ate, v. t.

Defn: To occasion. [Obs.]
The lowest may occasionate much ill. Dr. H. More.

OCCASIONER
Oc*ca"sion*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, occasions, causes, or produces. Bp.
Sanderson.

OCCASIVE
Oc*ca"sive, a. Etym: [L. occasivus, fr. occasus a going down, setting
of the heavenly bodies, fr. occidere to fall or down. See Occasion.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the setting sun; falling; descending;
western.

OCCECATION
Oc*ce*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. occaecatio, fr. occaecare to make blind;
ob + caecare to blind, fr. caecus blind.]

Defn: The act of making blind, or the state of being blind. [R.]
"This inward occecation." Bp. Hall.

OCCIDENT
Oc"ci*dent, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. occidens, occidentis, fr. occidents,
p.pr. of occidere to fall or go down. See Occasion.]

Defn: The part of the horizon where the sun last appears in the
evening; that part of the earth towards the sunset; the west; --
opposed to orient. Specifically, in former times, Europe as opposed
to Asia; now, also, the Western hemisphere. Chaucer.
I may wander from east to occident. Shak.

OCCIDENTAL
Oc`ci*den"tal, a. Etym: [L. occidentalis; cf. F.occidental.]

1. Of, pertaining to, or situated in, the occident, or west; western;
-- opposed to oriental; as, occidental climates, or customs; an
occidental planet.

2. Possessing inferior hardness, brilliancy, or beauty; -- used of
inferior precious stones and gems, because those found in the Orient
are generally superior.

OCCIDENTALS
Oc`ci*den"tals, n.pl. (Eccl.)

Defn: Western Christians of the Latin rite. See Orientals. Shipley.

OCCIDUOUS
Oc*cid"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. occiduus, fr. occidere to go down.]

Defn: Western; occidental. [R.] Blount.

OCCIPITAL
Oc*cip"i*tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. occipital.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the occiput, or back part of the head, or
to the occipital bone. Occipital bone (Anat.), the bone which forms
the posterior segment of the skull and surrounds the great foramen by
which the spinal cord leaves the cranium. In the higher vertebrates
it is usually composed of four bones, which become consolidated in
the adult.
 -- Occipital point (Anat.), the point of the occiput in the mesial
plane farthest from the ophryon.

OCCIPITAL
Oc*cip"i*tal, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The occipital bone.

OCCIPITO-
Oc*cip"i*to- (. Etym: [See Occiput.]

Defn: A combining form denoting relation to, or situation near, the
occiput; as, occipito-axial; occipito-mastoid.

OCCIPITOAXIAL
Oc*cip`i*to*ax"i*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the occipital bone and second vertebra, or
axis.

OCCIPUT
Oc"ci*put, n.; pl. L. Occipita, E. Occiputs. Etym: [L., fr. ob (see
Ob-) + caput head. See Chief.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The back, or posterior, part of the head or skull; the region
of the occipital bone.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A plate which forms the back part of the head of insects.

OCCISION
Oc*ci"sion, n. Etym: [L.occisio, fr. occidere, occisium, to cut down,
to kill; ob (see Ob-) + caedere to cut.]

Defn: A killing; the act of killing. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

OCCLUDE
Oc*clude", v. t. Etym: [L. occludere, occlusum; ob (see Ob-) +
claudere to shut.]

1. To shut up; to close. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: To take in and retain; to absorb; -- said especially with
respect to gases; as iron, platinum, and palladium occlude large
volumes of hydrogen.

OCCLUDENT
Oc*clud"ent, a. Etym: [L.occludens, p.pr. of occludere.]

Defn: Serving to close; shutting up.
 -- n.

Defn: That which closes or shuts up. Sterne.

OCCLUSE
Oc*cluse", a. Etym: [L. occlusus, p.p. See Occlude.]

Defn: Shut; closed. [Obs.] Holder.

OCCLUSION
Oc*clu"sion, n. Etym: [See Occlude.]

1. The act of occluding, or the state of being occluded.
Constriction and occlusion of the orifice. Howell.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The transient approximation of the edges of a natural opening;
imperforation. Dunglison. Occlusion of gases (Chem. & Physics), the
phenomenon of absorbing gases, as exhibited by platinum, palladium,
iron, or charcoal; thus, palladium absorbs, or occludes, nearly a
thousand times its own volume of hydrogen, and in this case a
chemical compound seems to be formed.

OCCRUSTATE
Oc*crus"tate, v. t. Etym: [See Ob-, and Crustated.]

Defn: To incrust; to harden. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

OCCULT
Oc*cult", a. Etym: [L. occultus, p.p. of occulere to cover up, hide;
ob (see Ob-) + a root prob.akin to E. hell: cf. F. occulte.]

Defn: Hidden from the eye or the understanding; inviable; secret;
concealed; unknown.
It is of an occult kind, and is so insensible in its advances as to
escape observation. I. Taylor.
Occult line (Geom.), a line drawn as a part of the construction of a
figure or problem, but not to appear in the finished plan.
 -- Occult qualities, those qualities whose effects only were
observed, but the nature and relations of whose productive agencies
were undetermined; -- so called by the schoolmen.
 -- Occult sciences, those sciences of the Middle Ages which related
to the supposed action or influence of occult qualities, or
supernatural powers, as alchemy, magic, necromancy, and astrology.

OCCULT
Oc*cult", v. t.

Defn: To eclipse; to hide from sight.

OCCULTATION
Oc`cul*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. occultatio a hiding, fr. occultare, v.
intens. of occulere: cf.F. occultation. See Occult.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: The hiding of a heavenly body from sight by the intervention of
some other of the heavenly bodies; -- applied especially to eclipses
of stars and planets by the moon, and to the eclipses of satellites
of planets by their primaries.

2. Fig.: The state of being occult.
The reappearance of such an author after those long periods of
occultation. Jeffrey.
Circle of perpetual occultation. See under Circle.

OCCULTED
Oc*cult"ed, a.

1. Hidden; secret. [Obs.] Shak.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: Concealed by the intervention of some other heavenly body, as a
star by the moon.

OCCULTING
Oc*cult"ing, n.

Defn: Same as Occultation.

OCCULTISM
Oc*cult"ism, n.

Defn: A certain Oriental system of theosophy. A. P. Sinnett.

OCCULTIST
Oc*cult"ist, n.

Defn: An adherent of occultism.

OCCULTLY
Oc*cult"ly, adv.

Defn: In an occult manner.

OCCULTNESS
Oc*cult"ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being occult.

OCCUPANCY
Oc"cu*pan*cy, n. Etym: [See Occupant.]

Defn: The act of taking or holding possession; possession;
occupation. Title by occupancy (Law), a right of property acquired by
taking the first possession of a thing, or possession of a thing
which belonged to nobody, and appropriating it. Blackstone. Kent.

OCCUPANT
Oc"cu*pant, n. Etym: [L. occupans, p.pr. of occupare: cf. F.
occupant. See Occupy.]

1. One who occupies, or takes possession; one who has the actual use
or possession, or is in possession, of a thing.

Note: This word, in law, sometimes signifies one who takes the first
possession of a thing that has no owner.

2. A prostitute. [Obs.] Marston.

OCCUPATE
Oc"cu*pate, v. t. Etym: [L. occupatus, p.p. of occupare. See Occupy.]

Defn: To occupy. [Obs.] Bacon.

OCCUPATION
Oc`cu*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. occupatio: cf.F. occupation.]

1. The act or process of occupying or taking possession; actual
possession and control; the state of being occupied; a holding or
keeping; tenure; use; as, the occupation of lands by a tenant.

2. That which occupies or engages the time and attention; the
principal business of one's life; vocation; employment; calling;
trade.
Absence of occupation is not rest. Cowper.
Occupation bridge (Engin.), a bridge connecting the parts of an
estate separated by a railroad, a canal, or an ordinary road.

Syn.
 -- Occupancy; possession; tenure; use; employment; avocation;
engagement; vocation; calling; office; trade; profession.

OCCUPIER
Oc"cu*pi`er, n.

1. One who occupies, or has possession.

2. One who follows an employment; hence, a tradesman. [Obs.]
"Merchants and occupiers." Holland.
The occupiers of thy merchandise. Ezek. xxvii. 27.

OCCUPY
Oc"cu*py, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Occupied; p. pr. & vb. n. Occupying.]
Etym: [OE. occupien, F. occuper, fr.L. occupare; ob (see Ob-) + a
word akin to capere to take. See Capacious.]

1. To take or hold possession of; to hold or keep for use; to
possess.
Woe occupieth the fine [/end] of our gladness. Chaucer.
The better apartments were already occupied. W. Irving
.

2. To hold, or fill, the dimensions of; to take up the room or space
of; to cover or fill; as, the camp occupies five acres of ground. Sir
J. Herschel.

3. To possess or use the time or capacity of; to engage the service
of; to employ; to busy.
An archbishop may have cause to occupy more chaplains than six. Eng.
Statute (Hen. VIII. )
They occupied themselves about the Sabbath. 2 Macc. viii. 27.

4. To do business in; to busy one's self with. [Obs.]
All the ships of the sea, with their mariners, were in thee to occupy
the merchandise. Ezek. xxvii. 9.
Not able to occupy their old crafts. Robynson (More's Utopia).

5. To use; to expend; to make use of. [Obs.]
All the gold that was occupied for the work. Ex. xxxviii. 24.
They occupy not money themselves. Robynson (More's Utopia).

6. To have sexual intercourse with. [Obs.] Nares.

OCCUPY
Oc"cu*py, v. i.

1. To hold possession; to be an occupant. "Occupy till I come." Luke
xix. 13.

2. To follow business; to traffic.

OCCUR
Oc*cur", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Occurred(); p. pr. & vb. n. Occurring.]
Etym: [L. occurrere, occursum; ob (see Ob-) + currere to run. See
Course.]

1. To meet; to clash. [Obs.]
The resistance of the bodies they occur with. Bentley.

2. To go in order to meet; to make reply. [Obs.]
I must occur to one specious objection. Bentley.

3. To meet one's eye; to be found or met with; to present itself; to
offer; to appear; to happen; to take place; as, I will write if
opportunity occurs.
In Scripture, though the word heir occur, yet there is no such thing
as "heir" in our author's sense. Locke.

4. To meet or come to the mind; to suggest itself; to be presented to
the imagination or memory.
There doth not occur to me any use of this experiment for profit.
Bacon.

OCCURRENCE
Oc*cur"rence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. occurrence. See Occur.]

1. A coming or happening; as, the occurence of a railway collision.
Voyages detain the mind by the perpetual occurrence and expectation
of something new. I. Watts.

2. Any incident or event; esp., one which happens without being
designed or expected; as, an unusual occurrence, or the ordinary
occurrences of life.
All the occurrence of my fortune. Shak.

Syn.
 -- See Event.

OCCURRENT
Oc*cur"rent, a. Etym: [L. occurrens, -entis, p.pr. of occurrere:
cf.F. occurrent. See Occur.]

Defn: Occurring or happening; hence, incidental; accidental.

OCCURRENT
Oc*cur"rent, n.

1. One who meets; hence, an adversary. [Obs.] Holland.

2. Anything that happens; an occurrence. [Obs.]
These we must meet with in obvious occurrents of the world. Sir T.
Browne.

OCCURSE
Oc*curse", n. Etym: [L.occursus.]

Defn: Same as Occursion. [Obs.] Bentley.

OCCURSION
Oc*cur"sion, n. Etym: [L.occursio. See Occur.]

Defn: A meeting; a clash; a collision. [Obs.] Boyle.

OCEAN
O"cean, n. Etym: [F. océan, L. oceanus, Gr.

1. The whole body of salt water which covers more than three fifths
of the surface of the globe; -- called also the sea, or great sea.
Like the odor of brine from the ocean Comes the thought of other
years. Longfellow.

2. One of the large bodies of water into which the great ocean is
regarded as divided, as the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic and
Antarctic oceans.

3. An immense expanse; any vast space or quantity without apparent
limits; as, the boundless ocean of eternity; an ocean of affairs.
Locke.

OCEAN
O"cean, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the main or great sea; as, the ocean waves;
an ocean stream. Milton.

OCEANIC
O`ce*an"ic, a. Etym: [Cf.F. océanique. See Ocean.]

1. Of or pertaining to the ocean; found or formed in or about, or
produced by, the ocean; frequenting the ocean, especially mid-ocean.
Petrels are the most aërial and oceanic of birds. Darwin.

2. Of or pertaining to Oceania or its inhabitants.

OCEANOGRAPHY
O`cean*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Ocean + -graphy.]

Defn: A description of the ocean.

OCEANOLOGY
O`cean*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Ocean + -logy.]

Defn: That branch of science which relates to the ocean.

OCEANUS
O*ce"a*nus, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Gr.Myth.)

Defn: The god of the great outer sea, or the river which was believed
to flow around the whole earth.

OCELLARY
O*cel"la*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ocelli.

OCELLATE
O*cel"late, a.

Defn: Same as Ocellated.

OCELLATED
O*cel"la*ted, a. Etym: [L.ocellatus, fr. ocellus a little eye, dim.
of oculus an eye.]

1. Resembling an eye.

2. Marked with eyelike spots of color; as, the ocellated blenny.
Ocellated turkey (Zoöl.), the wild turkey of Central America
(Meleagris ocellata).

OCELLUS
O*cel"lus, n.; pl. Ocelli. Etym: [L., dim. of oculus an eye.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A little eye; a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.
(b) An eyelike spot of color, as those on the tail of the peacock.

OCELOID
O"ce*loid, a. Etym: [Ocelot + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling the ocelot.

OCELOT
O"ce*lot, n. Etym: [Mexican ocelotl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American feline carnivore (Felis pardalis). It ranges from
the Southwestern United States to Patagonia. It is covered with
blackish ocellated spots and blotches, which are variously arranged.
The ground color varies from reddish gray to tawny yellow.

OCHER; OCHRE
O"cher, O"chre, n. Etym: [F.ocre, L. ochra, fr. Gr. (Min.)
(a) A impure earthy ore of iron or a ferruginous clay, usually red
(hematite) or yellow (limonite), -- used as a pigment in making
paints, etc. The name is also applied to clays of other colors.
(b) A metallic oxide occurring in earthy form; as, tungstic ocher or
tungstite.

OCHEROUS; OCHREOUS
O"cher*ous, O"chre*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ocreux.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to ocher; containing or resembling ocher; as,
ocherous matter; ocherous soil.

OCHERY
O"cher*y, a.

Defn: Ocherous. [Written also ochrey, ochry.]

OCHIMY
Och`i*my, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Occamy.

OCHLESIS
Och*le"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A general morbid condition induced by the crowding together of
many persons, esp. sick persons, under one roof. G. Gregory.

OCHLOCRACY
Och*loc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Gr. ochlocratie.]

Defn: A form of government by the multitude; a mobocracy. Hare.

OCHLOCRATIC; OCHLOCRATICAL
Och`lo*crat`ic, Och`lo*crat`ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ochlocracy; having the form or character of
an ochlocracy; mobocratic.
 -- Och`lo*crat"ic*al*ly, adv.

OCHRACEOUS
O*chra"ceous, a.

Defn: Ocherous.

OCHRE
O"chre, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Ocher.

OCHREA
O"chre*a, n.; pl. Ochreæe. Etym: [L.]

1. (Antiq.)

Defn: A greave or legging.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of sheath formed by two stipules united round a stem.

OCHREATE; OCHREATED
O"chre*ate, O"chre*a`ted, a.

1. Wearing or furnished with an ochrea or legging; wearing boots;
booted.
A scholar undertook...to address himself ochreated unto the vice
chancellor. Fuller.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Provided with ochrea, or sheathformed stipules, as the rhubarb,
yellow dock, and knotgrass.

OCHREOUS
O"chre*ous, a.

Defn: See Ocherous.

OCHREY
O"chrey, a.

Defn: See Ochery.

OCHROLEUCOUS
Och`ro*leu"cous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Yellowish white; having a faint tint of dingy yellow. Gray.

OCHRY
O"chry, a.

Defn: See Ochery.

OCHYMY
Och"y*my, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Occamy.

-OCK
-ock. Etym: [AS. -uc.]

Defn: A suffix used to form diminutives; as, bullock, hillock.

OCRA
O"cra, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Okra.

OCREA
O"cre*a, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Ochrea.

OCREATE; OCREATED
O"cre*ate, O"cre*a"ted, a. Etym: [See Ochrea.]

Defn: Same as Ochreate, Ochreated.

OCTA-
Oc"ta-.

Defn: A prefix meaning eight. See Octo-.

OCTACHORD
Oc"ta*chord, n. Etym: [Gr. octacorde.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument of eight strings; a system of eight tones. [Also
written octochord.]

OCTAD
Oc"tad, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: An atom or radical which has a valence of eight, or is
octavalent.

OCTAEDRAL
Oc`ta*e"dral, a.

Defn: See Octahedral.

OCTAEMERON
Oc`ta*em"e*ron, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Eccl.)

Defn: A fast of eight days before a great festival. Shipley.

OCTAGON
Oc"ta*gon, n. Etym: [Gr. cctogone.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A plane figure of eight sides and eight angles.

2. Any structure (as a fortification) or place with eight sides or
angles. Regular octagon, one in which the sides are all equal, and
the angles also are all equal.

OCTAGONAL
Oc*tag"o*nal, a.

Defn: Having eight sides and eight angles.

OCTAGYNOUS
Oc*tag"y*nous, a. Etym: [Octa- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having eight pistils or styles; octogynous.

OCTAHEDRAL
Oc`ta*he"dral, a. Etym: [See Octahedron.]

Defn: Having eight faces or sides; of, pertaining to, or formed in,
octahedrons; as, octahedral cleavage. Octahedral borax (Chem.), borax
obtained from a saturated solution in octahedral crystals, which
contain five molecules of water of crystallization; distinguished
from common or prismatic borax.
 -- Octahedral iron ore (Min.), magnetite.

OCTAHEDRITE
Oc`ta*he"drite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Titanium dioxide occurring in acute octahedral crystals.

OCTAHEDRON
Oc`ta*he"dron, n. Etym: [Gr. (Geom.)

Defn: A solid bounded by eight faces. The regular octahedron is
contained by eight equal equilateral triangles.

OCTAMEROUS
Oc*tam"er*ous, a. Etym: [Octa- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Having the parts in eights; as, an octamerous flower;
octamerous mesenteries in polyps.

OCTAMETER
Oc*tam"e*ter, n. Etym: [Cf.L. octameter in eight feet. See Octa-, and
meter.] (Pros.)

Defn: A verse containing eight feet; as, --
Deep'' in|to'' the | dark''ness | peer''ing, | long'' I | stood''
there | wond'''ring, | fear''ing. Poe.

OCTANDER
Oc*tan"der, n.

Defn: One of the Octandria.

OCTANDRIA
Oc*tan"dri*a, n.pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan class of plants, in which the flowers have eight
stamens not united to one another or to the pistil.

OCTANDRIAN; OCTANDROUS
Oc*tan"dri*an, Oc*tan"drous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Octandria; having eight distinct
stamens.

OCTANE
Oc"tane, n. Etym: [See Octa-] . (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a group of metametric hydrocarcons (C8H18) of the
methane series. The most important is a colorless, volatile,
inflammable liquid, found in petroleum, and a constituent of benzene
or ligroin.

OCTANGULAR
Oc*tan"gu*lar, a. Etym: [L.octangulus eight-cornered; octo eight +
angulus angle.]

Defn: Having eight angles; eight-angled.
 -- Oc*tan"gu*lar*ness, n.

OCTANT
Oc"tant, n. Etym: [L. octans, -antis. fr. octo eight. See Octave.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: The eighth part of a circle; an arc of 45 degrees.

2. (Astron. & Astrol.)

Defn: The position or aspect of a heavenly body, as the moon or a
planet, when half way between conjunction, or opposition, and
quadrature, or distant from another body 45 degrees.

3. An instrument for measuring angles (generally called a quadrant),
having an arc which measures up to 9Oº, but being itself the eighth
part of a circle. Cf. Sextant.

4. (Math. & Crystallog.)

Defn: One of the eight parts into which a space is divided by three
coördinate planes.

OCTAPLA
Oc"ta*pla, n.; etymol. pl., but syntactically sing. Etym: [NL.,
fr.Gr. -pla, as in E. hexapla; cf.Gr.

Defn: A portion of the Old Testament prepared by Origen in the 3d
century, containing the Hebrew text and seven Greek versions of it,
arranged in eight parallel columns.

OCTAROON
Oc`ta*roon", n.

Defn: See Octoroon.

OCTASTYLE
Oc"ta*style, a.

Defn: See Octostyle.

OCTATEUCH
Oc"ta*teuch, n. Etym: [L. octateuchus, Gr.

Defn: A collection of eight books; especially, the first eight books
of the Old Testament. [R.]

OCTAVALENT
Oc*tav"a*lent, a. Etym: [Octa- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Having a valence of eight; capable of being combined with,
exchanged for, or compared with, eight atoms of hydrogen; -- said of
certain atoms or radicals.

OCTAVE
Oc"tave, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. octava an eighth, fr. octavus eighth,
fr. octo eight. See Eight, and cf. Octavo, Utas.]

1. The eighth day after a church festival, the festival day being
included; also, the week following a church festival. "The octaves of
Easter." Jer. Taylor.

2. (Mus.)
(a) The eighth tone in the scale; the interval between one and eight
of the scale, or any interval of equal length; an interval of five
tones and two semitones.
(b) The whole diatonic scale itself.

Note: The ratio of a musical tone to its octave above is 1:2 as
regards the number of vibrations producing the tones.

3. (Poet.)

Defn: The first two stanzas of a sonnet, consisting of four verses
each; a stanza of eight lines.
With mournful melody it continued this octave. Sir P. Sidney.
Double octave. (Mus.) See under Double.
 -- Octave flute (Mus.), a small flute, the tones of which range an
octave higher than those of the German or ordinary flute; -- called
also piccolo. See Piccolo.

4. A small cask of wine, the eighth part of a pipe.

OCTAVE
Oc"tave, a.

Defn: Consisting of eight; eight. Dryden.

OCTAVO
Oc*ta"vo, n.;pl. Octavos. Etym: [L. in octavo; in in + octavo, abl.
of octavus. See Octave.]

Defn: A book composed of sheets each of which is folded into eight
leaves; hence, indicating more or less definitely a size of book so
made; -- usually written 8vo or 8º.

OCTAVO
Oc*ta"vo, a.

Defn: Having eight leaves to a sheet; as, an octavo form, book, leaf,
size, etc.

OCTENE
Oc"tene, n. Etym: [See Octo-.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Octylene.

OCTENNIAL
Oc*ten"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. octennium a period of eight years; octo
eight + annus year.]

Defn: Happening every eighth year; also, lasting a period of eight
years. Johnson.
 -- Oc*ten"ni*al*ly, adv.

OCTET
Oc*tet", n. Etym: [From L. octo eight, like E. duet, fr.L.duo. See
Octave.] (Mus.)

Defn: A composition for eight parts, usually for eight solo
instruments or voices.

OCTIC
Oc"tic, a. Etym: [Octo- + -ic.] (Math.)

Defn: Of the eighth degree or order.
 -- n. (Alg.)

Defn: A quantic of the eighth degree.

OCTILE
Oc"tile, n. Etym: [Cf. F. octil, a. See Octant.]

Defn: Same as Octant, 2. [R.]

OCTILLION
Oc*til"lion, n. Etym: [L. octo eight + -illion, as in E. million: cf.
F. octillion.]

Defn: According to the French method of numeration (which method is
followed also in the United States) the number expressed by a unit
with twenty-seven ciphers annexed. According to the English method,
the number expressed by a unit with forty-eight ciphers annexed. See
Numeration.

OCTO-; OCTA-
Oc"to-, Oc"ta-. Etym: [L.octo eight, Gr. Eight.]

Defn: A combining form meaning eight; as in octodecimal, octodecimal,
octolocular.

OCTOATE
Oc"to*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of an octoic acid; a caprylate.

OCTOBER
Oc*to"ber, n. Etym: [L., the eighth month of the primitive Roman
year, which began in March, fr. octo eight: cf.F. Octobre. See
Octave.]

1. The tenth month of the year, containing thirty-one days.

2. Ale or cider made in that month.
The country gentlemen had a posset or drink they called October.
Emerson.

OCTOCERA
Oc*toc"e*ra, n.pl. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Octocerata.

OCTOCERATA
Oc`to*cer"a*ta, n.pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Cephalopoda including Octopus, Argonauta, and
allied genera, having eight arms around the head; -- called also
Octopoda.

OCTOCHORD
Oc"to*chord, n. (Mus.)

Defn: See Octachord.

OCTODECIMO
Oc`todec"i*mo, a. Etym: [L. octodecim eighteen. See Octavo, Decimal,
and -mo.]

Defn: Having eighteen leaves to a sheet; as, an octodecimo form,
book, leaf, size, etc.

OCTODECIMO
Oc`to*dec"i*mo, n.; pl. Octodecimos (.

Defn: A book composed of sheets each of which is folded into eighteen
leaves; hence; indicating more or less definitely a size of book,
whose sheets are so folded; -- usually written 18mo or 18º, and
called eighteenmo.

OCTODENTATE
Oc`to*den"tate, a. Etym: [Octo- + dentate.]

Defn: Having eight teeth.

OCTODONT
Oc"to*dont, a. Etym: [Octo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Octodontidæ, a family of rodents which
includes the coypu, and many other South American species.

OCTOEDRICAL
Oc`to*ed"ric*al, a.

Defn: See Octahedral. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

OCTOFID
Oc"to*fid, a. Etym: [Octo- + root of L. findere to split: cf.F.
octofide.] (Bot.)

Defn: Cleft or separated into eight segments, as a calyx.

OCTOGAMY
Oc*tog"a*my, n. Etym: [Octo- + Gr.

Defn: A marrying eight times. [R.] Chaucer.

OCTOGENARIAN
Oc`to*ge*na"ri*an, n.

Defn: A person eighty years, or more, of age.

OCTOGENARY
Oc*tog"e*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. octogenarrus, from octogeni eighty each,
octoginta eighty, fr. octo eight. See Eight, Eighty.]

Defn: Of eighty years of age. "Being then octogenary." Aubrey.

OCTOGILD
Oc"to*gild, n. Etym: [Octo- + AS. gild payment.] (Anglo-Saxon Law)

Defn: A pecuniary compensation for an injury, of eight times the
value of the thing.

OCTOGONAL
Oc*tog"o*nal, a.

Defn: See Octagonal. [Obs.]

OCTOGYNIA
Oc`to*gyn"i*a, n.pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnaean order of plants having eight pistils.

OCTOGYNIAN; OCTOGYNOUS
Oc`to*gyn"i*an, Oc*tog"y*nous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having eight pistils; octagynous.

OCTOIC
Oc*to"ic, a. Etym: [See Octo-.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, octane; -- used
specifically, to designate any one of a group of acids, the most
important of which is called caprylic acid.

OCTOLOCULAR
Oc`to*loc"u*lar, a. Etym: [Octo- + locular.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having eight cells for seeds.

OCTONAPHTHENE
Oc`to*naph"thene, n. Etym: [Octo- + naphthene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless liquid hydrocarbon of the octylene series,
occurring in Caucasian petroleum.

OCTONARY
Oc`to*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. octonarius, fr. octoni eight each, fr. octo
eight.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the number eight. Dr. H. More.

OCTONOCULAR
Oc`to*noc"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. octoni eight each + E. ocular.]

Defn: Having eight eyes. Derham.

OCTOPEDE
Oc`to*pede, n. Etym: [Octo- + L. pes, pedis, foot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal having eight feet, as a spider.

OCTOPETALOUS
Oc`to*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Octo- + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having eight petals or flower leaves.

OCTOPOD
Oc"to*pod, n. Etym: [Gr. octopode.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Octocerata.

OCTOPODA
Oc*top"o*da, n.pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)
(a) Same as Octocerata.
(b) Same as Arachnida.

OCTOPODIA
Oc`to*po"di*a, n.pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Octocerata.

OCTOPUS
Oc"to*pus, n. Etym: [NL. See Octopod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of eight-armed cephalopods, including numerous species,
some of them of large size. See Devilfish,

OCTORADIATED
Oc`to*ra"*di*a`ted, a. Etym: [Octo- + radiated.]

Defn: Having eight rays.

OCTOROON
Oc`to*roon", n. Etym: [L. octo eight + -roon, as in quadroon.]

Defn: The offspring of a quadroon and a white person; a mestee.

OCTOSPERMOUS
Oc`to*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Octo- + Cr. (Bot.)

Defn: Containing eight seeds.

OCTOSTICHOUS
Oc*tos"ti*chous, a. Etym: [Octo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: In eight vertical ranks, as leaves on a stem.

OCTOSTYLE
Oc"to*style, a. Etym: [Octo- + Gr. octostyle.] (Arch.)

Defn: Having eight columns in the front; -- said of a temple or
portico. The Parthenon is octostyle, but most large Greek temples are
hexastele. See Hexastyle.
 -- n.

Defn: An octostyle portico or temple.

OCTOSYLLABIC; OCTOSYLLABICAL
Oc`to*syl*lab"ic, Oc`to*syl*lab"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. octosyllabus. See
Octo-, and Syllable.]

Defn: Consisting of or containing eight syllables.

OCTOSYLLABLE
Oc"to*syl`la*ble, a.

Defn: Octosyllabic.

OCTOSYLLABLE
Oc"to*syl`la*ble, n.

Defn: A word of eight syllables.

OCTOYL
Oc"to*yl (, n. Etym: [Octoic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical (C8H15O), regarded as the essential
residue of octoic acid.

OCTROI
Oc`troi", n. Etym: [F.]

1. A privilege granted by the sovereign authority, as the exclusive
right of trade granted to a guild or society; a concession.

2. A tax levied in money or kind at the gate of a French city on
articles brought within the walls. [Written also octroy.]

OCTUOR
Oc"tu*or, n. Etym: [From L. octo eight + -uor, as in L. quatuor.]
(Mus.)

Defn: See Octet. [R.]

OCTUPLE
Oc"tu*ple, a. Etym: [L. octuplus; cf. Gr. octuple.]

Defn: Eightfold.

OCTYL
Oc"tyl, n. Etym: [Octane + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical hydrocarbon radical regarded as an essential
residue of octane, and as entering into its derivatives; as, octyl
alcohol.

OCTYLENE
Oc"tyl*ene, n. Etym: [Octane + ethylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of metameric hydrocarbons (C8H16) of the
ethylene series. In general they are combustible, colorless liquids.

OCTYLIC
Oc*tyl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, octyl; as, octylic
ether.

OCULAR
Oc"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. ocularis, ocularius, fr. oculus the eye: cf.F.
oculaire. See Eye, and cf. Antler, Inveigle.]

1. Depending on, or perceived by, the eye; received by actual sight;
personally seeing or having seen; as, ocular proof. Shak.
Thomas was an ocular witness of Christ's death. South.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the eye; optic.

OCULAR
Oc"u*lar, n. (Opt.)

Defn: The eyepiece of an optical instrument, as of a telescope or
microscope.

OCULARLY
Oc"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: By the eye, or by actual sight.

OCULARY
Oc"u*la*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the eye; ocular; optic; as, oculary
medicines. Holland.

OCULATE; OCULATED
Oc"u*late, Oc"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. oculatus, fr. oculus eye.]

1. Furnished with eyes.

2. Having spots or holes resembling eyes; ocellated.

OCULIFORM
Oc`u*li*form, a. Etym: [L. oculus the eye + form: cf.F. oculiforme.]

Defn: In the form of an eye; resembling an eye; as, an oculiform
pebble.

OCULINA
Oc`u*li"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. oculus the eye.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of tropical corals, usually branched, and having a very
volid texture.

OCULINACEA
Oc`u*li*na"*ce*a, n.pl. Etym: [NL., fr. NL. oculina the name of a
typical genus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of corals including many reef-building species,
having round, starlike calicles.

OCULIST
Oc"u*list, n. Etym: [L. oculus the eye: cf. F. oculiste.]

Defn: One skilled in treating diseases of the eye.

OCULO-
Oc"u*lo-.

Defn: A combining form from L. oculus the eye.

OCULOMOTOR
Oc`u*lo*mo"tor, a. Etym: [Oculo- + motor.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the movement of the eye; -- applied
especially to the common motor nerves (or third pair of cranial
nerves) which supply many of the muscles of the orbit.
 -- n.

Defn: The oculomotor nerve.

OCULONASAL
Oc`u*lo*na"sal, a. Etym: [Oculo- + nasal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the region of the eye and the nose; as, the
oculonasal, or nasal, nerve, one of the branches of the ophthalmic.

OCULUS
Oc"u*lus, n.; pl. Oculi. Etym: [L., an eye.]

1. An eye; (Bot.) a leaf bud.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A round window, usually a small one.

OCYPODIAN
O`cy*po"di*an, n. Etym: [Gr. 'wky`s swift + poy`s, podo`s, foot.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of crabs which live in holes in the sand along
the seashore, and run very rapidly, -- whence the name.

OD
Od, n. Etym: [G., fr. Gr. (Physics)

Defn: An alleged force or natural power, supposed, by Reichenbach and
others, to produce the phenomena of mesmerism, and to be developed by
various agencies, as by magnets, heat, light, chemical or vital
action, etc.; -- called also odyle or the odylic force. [Archaic]
That od force of German Reichenbach Which still, from female finger
tips, burnt blue. Mrs. Browning.

ODAL
O"dal, n. [Cf. Icel. eal, Dan. odel allodial, Sw. odal.] (Law)

Defn: Among the early and medieval Teutonic peoples, esp.
Scandinavians, the heritable land held by the various odalmen
constituting a family or kindred of freeborn tribesmen; also, the
ownership of such land. The odal was subject only to certain rights
of the family or kindred in restricting the freedom of transfer or
sale and giving certain rights of redemption in case of change of
ownership by inheritance, etc., and perhaps to other rights of the
kindred or the tribe. Survivals of the early odal estates and tenure
exist in Orkney and Shetland, where it is usually called by the
variant form udal.

ODAL
O"dal, a. (Law)

Defn: Noting, or pert. to, odal land or ownership.

ODALISQUE
O`da`lisque", n. Etym: [F., fr. Turk. odaliq chambermaid, fr. oda
chamber, room.]

Defn: A female slave or concubine in the harem of the Turkish sultan.
[Written also odahlic, odalisk, and odalik.]
Not of those that men desire, sleek Odalisques, or oracles of mode.
Tennyson.

ODALMAN; ODALWOMAN
O"dal*man, O"dal*wom`an, n. (Teut. Law)

Defn: A man or woman having odal, or able to share in it by
inheritance.

ODD
Odd, a. [Compar. Odder; superl. Oddest.] Etym: [OE. odde, fr.Icel.
oddi a tongue of land, a triangle, an odd number (from the third or
odd angle, or point, of a triangle), orig., a point, tip; akin to
Icel. oddr point, point of a weapon, Sw. udda odd, udd point, Dan.
od, AS. ord, OHG. ort, G. ort place (cf. E. point, for change of
meaning).]

1. Not paired with another, or remaining over after a pairing;
without a mate; unmatched; single; as, an odd shoe; an odd glove.

2. Not divisible by 2 without a remainder; not capable of being
evenly paired, one unit with another; as, 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, etc., are
odd numbers.
I hope good luck lies in odd numbers. Shak.

3. Left over after a definite round number has been taken or
mentioned; indefinitely, but not greatly, exceeding a specified
number; extra.
Sixteen hundred and odd years after the earth was made, it was
destroyed in a deluge. T. Burnet.
There are yet missing of your company Some few odd lads that you
remember not. Shak.

4. Remaining over; unconnected; detached; fragmentary; hence,
occasional; inconsiderable; as, odd jobs; odd minutes; odd trifles.

5. Different from what is usual or common; unusual; singular;
peculiar; unique; strange. "An odd action." Shak. "An odd
expression." Thackeray.
The odd man, to perform all things perfectly, is, in my poor opinion,
Joannes Sturmius. Ascham.
Patients have sometimes coveted odd things. Arbuthnot.
Locke's Essay would be a very odd book for a man to make himself
master of, who would get a reputation by critical writings.
Spectator.

Syn.
 -- Quaint; unmatched; singular; unusual; extraordinary; strange;
queer; eccentric, whimsical; fantastical; droll; comical. See Quaint.

ODD FELLOW
Odd" Fel`low.

Defn: A member of a secret order, or fraternity, styled the
Independent Order of Odd Fellows, established for mutual aid and
social enjoyment.

ODDITY
Odd"i*ty, n.; pl. Oddities (.

1. The quality or state of being odd; singularity; queerness;
peculiarity; as, oddity of dress, manners, and the like.
That infinitude of oddities in him. Sterne.

2. That which is odd; as, a collection of oddities.

ODDLY
Odd"ly, adv.

1. In an odd manner; unevently. [R.]

2. In a peculiar manner; strangely; queerly; curiously. "A figure a
little more oddly turned." Locke.
A great black substance,... very oddly shaped. Swift.

3. (Math.)

Defn: In a manner measured by an odd number.

ODDMENT
Odd"ment, n.  [Odd + -ment.]

Defn: An odd thing, or one that is left over, disconnected,
fragmentary, or the like; something that is separated or disconnected
from its fellows; esp. (in pl.),

Defn: the odds and ends. Specif.: (Printing) Any separate small part
or page in a book, other than the text, such as the title page,
contents, etc.

A miscellaneous collection of riddles, charms, gnomic verses, and
"oddments" of different kinds.
Saintsbury.

ODDNESS
Odd"ness, n.

1. The state of being odd, or not even.
Take but one from three, and you not only destroy the oddness, but
also the essence of that number. Fotherby.

2. Singularity; strangeness; eccentricity; irregularity; uncouthness;
as, the oddness of dress or shape; the oddness of an event. Young.

ODDS
Odds, n. sing. & pl. Etym: [See Odd, a.]

1. Difference in favor of one and against another; excess of one of
two things or numbers over the other; inequality; advantage;
superiority; hence, excess of chances; probability. "Preëminent by so
much odds." Milton. "The fearful odds of that unequal fray." Trench.
The odds Is that we scare are men and you are gods. Shak.
There appeared, at least, four to one odds against them. Swift.
All the odds between them has been the different s "cope....given to
their understandings to range in. Locke.
Judging is balancing an account and determining on which side the
odds lie. Locke.

2. Quarrel; dispute; debate; strife; -- chiefly in the phraze at
odds.
Set them into confounding odds. Shak.
I can not speak Any beginning to this peevish odds. Shak.
At odds, in dispute; at variance. "These squires at odds did fall."
Spenser. "He flashes into one gross crime or other, that sets us all
at odds." Shak.
 -- It is odds, it is probable. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
 -- Odds and ends, that which is left; remnants; fragments; refuse;
scraps; miscellaneous articles. "My brain is filled...with all kinds
of odds and ends." W. Irving.

ODE
Ode, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. ode, oda, Gr. vad to speak, sing. Cf.
Comedy, Melody, Monody.]

Defn: A short poetical composition proper to be set to music or sung;
a lyric poem; esp., now, a poem characterized by sustained noble
sentiment and appropriate dignity of style.
Hangs odes upon hawthorns and elegies on brambles. Shak.
O! run; prevent them with thy humble ode, And lay it lowly at his
blessed feet. Milton.
Ode factor, one who makes, or who traffics in, odes; -- used
contemptuously.

ODELET
Ode"let, n.

Defn: A little or short ode.

ODELSTHING
O"dels*thing, n. [Norw. odel odal + ting parliament.]

Defn: The lower house of the Norwegian Storthing. See Legislature.

ODEON
O*de"on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. odéon. See Ode.]

Defn: A kind of theater in ancient Greece, smaller than the dramatic
theater and roofed over, in which poets and musicians submitted their
works to the approval of the public, and contended for prizes; --
hence, in modern usage, the name of a hall for musical or dramatic
performances.

ODEUM
O*de"um, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Odeon.

ODIBLE
O"di*ble, a. Etym: [L. odibilis. See Odium.]

Defn: Fitted to excite hatred; hateful. [Obs.] Bale.

ODIC
Od"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to od. See Od. [Archaic] -- Od"ic*al*ly, adv.

ODIN
O"din, n. Etym: [Icel. wood, a. See Wednesday.] (Northern Myth.)

Defn: The supreme deity of the Scandinavians; -- the same as Woden,
of the German tribes.
There in the Temple, carved in wood, The image of great Odin stood.
Longfellow.

ODINIC
O*din"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Odin.

ODINISM
O"din*ism, n.

Defn: Worship of Odin; broadly, the Teutonic heathenism. --
O"din*ist, n.

Odinism was valor; Christianism was humility, a nobler kind of valor.
Carlyle.

ODIOUS
O"di*ous, a. Etym: [L. odiosus, from odium hatred: cf. F. odieux. See
Odium.]

1. Hateful; deserving or receiving hatred; as, an odious name,
system, vice. "All wickedness will be most odious." Sprat.
He rendered himself odious to the Parliament. Clarendon.

2. Causing or provoking hatred, repugnance, or disgust; offensive;
disagreeable; repulsive; as, an odious sight; an odious smell.
Milton.
The odious side of that polity. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Hateful; detestable; abominable; disgusting; loathsome;
invidious; repulsive; forbidding; unpopular.
 -- O"di*ous`ly. adv.
 -- O"di*ous*ness, n.

ODIST
Od"ist, n.

Defn: A writer of an ode or odes.

ODIUM
O"di*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. odi I hate. Gr. Annoy, Noisome.]

1. Hatred; dislike; as, his conduct brought him into odium, or,
brought odium upon him.

2. The quality that provokes hatred; offensiveness.
She threw the odium of the fact on me. Dryden.
Odium theologicum ( Etym: [L.], the enmity peculiar to contending
theologians.

Syn.
 -- Hatred; abhorrence; detestation; antipathy.
 -- Odium, Hatred. We exercise hatred; we endure odium. The former
has an active sense, the latter a passive one. We speak of having a
hatred for a man, but not of having an odium toward him. A tyrant
incurs odium. The odium of an offense may sometimes fall unjustly
upon one who is innocent.
I wish I had a cause to seek him there, To oppose his hatred fully.
Shak.
You have...dexterously thrown some of the odium of your polity upon
that middle class which you despise. Beaconsfield.

ODIZE
Od"ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Odized p. pr. & vb. n. Odizing.]

Defn: To charge with od. See Od. [Archaic]

ODMYL
Od"myl, n. Etym: [Gr. -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A volatile liquid obtained by boiling sulphur with linseed oil.
It has an unpleasant garlic odor.

ODOGRAPH
O"do*graph, n. [Gr.  way + -graph.]

1. A machine for registering the distance traversed by a vehicle or
pedestrain.

2.  A device for recording the length and rapidity of stride and the
number of steps taken by a walker.

ODOMETER
O*dom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. odométre, hodométre.]

Defn: An instrument attached to the wheel of a vehicle, to measure
the distance traversed; also, a wheel used by surveyors, which
registers the miles and rods traversed.

ODOMETRICAL
O`do*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. odométrique, hodométrique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the odometer, or to measurements made with
it.

ODOMETROUS
O*dom"e*trous, a.

Defn: Serving to measure distance on a road. [R.] Sydney Smith.

ODOMETRY
O*dom"e*try, n.

Defn: Measurement of distances by the odometer.

ODONATA
O*don"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of insects that includes the dragon flies.

ODONTALGIA
O`don*tal"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Toothache.

ODONTALGIC
O`don*tal"gic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. odontalgique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to odontalgia.
 -- n.

Defn: A remedy for the toothache.

ODONTALGY
O`don*tal"gy, n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Odontalgia.

ODONTIASIS
O`don*ti"a*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Cutting of the teeth; dentition.

ODONTO-
O*don"to-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr.

ODONTOBLAST
O*don"to*blast, n. Etym: [Odonto- + -blast.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the more or less columnar cells on the outer surface of
the pulp of a tooth; an odontoplast. They are supposed to be
connected with the formation of dentine.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the cells which secrete the chitinous teeth of Mollusca.

ODONTOCETE
O*don`to*ce"te, n.pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A subdivision of Cetacea, including the sperm whale, dolphins,
etc.; the toothed whales.

ODONTOGENY
O`don*tog"e*ny, n. Etym: [Odonto- + root of Gr. odontogénie.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: Generetion, or mode of development, of the teeth.

ODONTOGRAPH
O*don"to*graph, n. Etym: [Odonto- + -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for marking or laying off the outlines of teeth
of gear wheels.

ODONTOGRAPHIC
O*don`to*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to odontography.

ODONTOGRAPHY
O`don*tog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: A description of the teeth.

ODONTOID
O*don"toid, a. Etym: [Gr. odontoïde.] (Anat.)
(a) Having the form of a tooth; toothlike.
(b) Of or pertaining to the odontoid bone or to the odontoid process.
Odontoid bone (Anat.), a separate bone, in many reptiles,
corresponding to the odontoid process.
 -- Odontoid process, or Odontoid peg (Anat.), the anterior process
of the centrum of the second vertebra, or axis, in birds and mammals.
See Axis.

ODONTOLCAE
O`don*tol"cae, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct order of ostrichlike aquatic birds having teeth,
which are set in a groove in the jaw. It includes Hesperornis, and
allied genera. See Hesperornis. [Written also Odontholcae, and
Odontoholcae.]

ODONTOLITE
O*don"to*lite, n. Etym: [Odonto- + -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A fossil tooth colored a bright blue by phosphate of iron. It
is used as an imitation of turquoise, and hence called bone
turquoise.

ODONTOLOGY
O`don*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Odonto- + -logy: cf.F. odontologie.]

Defn: The science which treats of the teeth, their structure and
development.

ODONTOPHORA
O`don*toph"o*ra, n.pl. Etym: [NL. See Odontophore.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Cephalophora.

ODONTOPHORE
O*don"to*phore, n. Etym: [Odonto- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A special structure found in the mouth of most mollusks, except
bivalves. It consists of several muscles and a cartilage which
supports a chitinous radula, or lingual ribbon, armed with teeth.
Also applied to the radula alone. See Radula.

ODONTOPHOROUS
O`don*toph"o*rous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having an odontophore.

ODONTOPLAST
O*don"to*plast, n. Etym: [Odonto- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: An odontoblast.

ODONTOPTERYX
O`don*top"te*ryx, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. 'odoy`s, 'odo`ntos, a tooth
+ pte`ryx a wing.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct Eocene bird having the jaws strongly serrated, or
dentated, but destitute of true teeth. It was found near London.

ODONTORNITHES
O*don`tor*ni*"thes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr.Gr. 'odoy`s, 'odo`ntos, a
tooth + (Paleon.)

Defn: A group of Mesozoic birds having the jaws armed with teeth, as
in most other vertebrates. They have been divided into three orders:
Odontolcæ, Odontotormæ, and Saururæ.

ODONTOSTOMATOUS
O*don"to*stom"a*tous, a. Etym: [Odonto- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having toothlike mandibles; -- applied to certain insects.

ODONTOTORMAE
O*don`to*tor"mae, n.pl. Etym: [NL., fr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An order of extinct toothed birds having the teeth in sockets,
as in the genus Ichthyornis. See Ichthyornis.

ODOR
O"dor, n. Etym: [OE. odor, odour, OF. odor, odour, F. odeur, fr. L.
odor; akin to olere to smell, Gr. Olfactory, Osmium, Ozone,
Redolent.] [Written also odour.]

Defn: Any smell, whether fragrant or offensive; scent; perfume.
Meseemed I smelt a garden of sweet flowers, That dainty odors from
them threw around. Spenser.
To be in bad odor, to be out of favor, or in bad repute.

ODORAMENT
O"dor*a*ment, n. Etym: [L. odoramentum. See Odorate.]

Defn: A perfume; a strong scent. [Obs.] Burton.

ODORANT
O"dor*ant, a. Etym: [L.odorans, -antis, p.pr.]

Defn: Yielding odors; fragrant. Holland.

ODORATE
O"dor*ate, a. Etym: [L. odoratus, p.p. of odorare to perfume, fr.
odor odor.]

Defn: Odorous. [Obos.] Bacon.

ODORATING
O"dor*a*`ting, a.

Defn: Diffusing odor or scent; fragrant.

ODORIFEROUS
O`dor*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. odorifer; odor odor + ferre to bear.
See Odoe, and st Bear.]

Defn: Bearing or yielding an odor; perfumed; usually, sweet of scent;
fragrant; as, odoriferous spices, particles, fumes, breezes. Milton.
 -- O`dor*if"er*ous*ly, adv. --O`dor*if"er*ous*ness, n.

ODORINE
O"dor*ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A pungent oily substance obtained by redistilling bone oil.
[Obs.]

ODORLESS
O"dor*less, a.

Defn: Free from odor.

ODOROUS
O"dor*ous, a. [Written also odourous.] Etym: [L. odorus, fr.odor
odor: cf. OF. odoros, odoreux.]

Defn: Having or emitting an odor or scent, esp. a sweet odor;
fragrant; sweet-smelling. "Odorous bloom." Keble.
Such fragrant flowers do give most odorous smell. Spenser.
-- O"dor*ous*ly, adv.
 -- O"dor*ous*ness, n.

ODS
Ods, interj.

Defn: A corruption of God's; -- formerly used in oaths and
ejaculatory phrases. "Ods bodikin." "Ods pity." Shak.

ODYL; ODYLE
Od"yl, Od"yle, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)

Defn: See Od. [Archaic].

ODYLIC
O*dyl"ic, a. (Physics)

Defn: Of or pertaining to odyle; odic; as, odylic force. [Archaic]

ODYSSEY
Od"ys*sey, n. Etym: [L. Odyssea, Gr. Odyssée.]

Defn: An epic poem attributed to Homer, which describes the return of
Ulysses to Ithaca after the siege of Troy.

OE
OE (e),

Defn: a diphthong, employed in the Latin language, and thence in the
English language, as the representative of the Greek diphthong oe. In
many words in common use, e alone stands instead of oe. Classicists
prefer to write the diphthong oe separate in Latin words.

OECOID
Oe"coid, n. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: The colorless porous framework, or stroma, of red blood
corpuscles from which the zooid, or hemoglobin and other substances
of the corpuscles, may be dissolved out.

OECOLOGY
OE*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.-logy.] (Biol.)

Defn: The various relations of animals and plants to one another and
to the outer world.

OECONOMICAL
OE`co*nom"ic*al, a.

Defn: See Economical.

OECONOMICS
OE`co*nom"ics, n.

Defn: See Economics.

OECONOMY
OE*con"o*my, n.

Defn: See Economy.

OECUMENICAL
OEc`u*men"ic*al, a.

Defn: See Ecumenical.

OEDEMA
OE*de"ma, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A swelling from effusion of watery fluid in the cellular tissue
beneath the skin or mucous membrance; dropsy of the subcutaneous
cellular tissue. [Written also edema.]

OEDEMATOUS
OE*dem"a*tous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, edema; affected with edema.

OEIL-DE-BOEUF
Oil`-de-bouf", n.; pl. Oils-de-bouf (#). [F., lit., eye of an ox.]
(Arch.)

Defn: A circular or oval window; -- generally used of architecture of
the 17th and 18th centuries. A famous room in the palace of
Versailles bears this name, from the oval window opening into it.

OEIL-DE-PERDRIX
Oil`-de-per`drix", a. [F., lit., eye of a partridge.]

1. (Ornamental Art) Characterized by, or decorated with, small round
points, spots, or rings; as, oil-de-perdrix pattern.

2.  Having a brownish red color; -- used esp. of light-colored red
wine.

OEILIAD; OEILLADE
OE*il"iad, OEil"lade`, n. Etym: [F. oeillade, fr. oeel eye. See
Eyelent.]

Defn: A glance of the eye; an amorous look. [Obs.]
She gave strange oeillades and most speaking looks. Shak.

OELET
OE"let, n. Etym: [See Eyelet.]

Defn: An eye, bud, or shoot, as of a plant; an oilet. [Obs.] Holland.

OENANTHATE
OE*nan"thate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of the supposed oenanthic acid.

OENANTHIC
OE*nan"thic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Having, or imparting, the odor characteristic of the bouquet of
wine; specifically used, formerly, to designate an acid whose
ethereal salts were supposed to occasion the peculiar bouquet, or
aroma, of old wine. Cf. OEnanthylic. OEnanthic acid, an acid obtained
from oenanthic ether by the action of alkalies.
 -- OEnanthic ether, an ethereal substance (not to be confused with
the bouquet, or aroma, of wine) found in wine lees, and consisting of
a complex mixture of the ethereal salts of several of the higher
acids of the acetic acid series. It has an ethereal odor, and it used
in flavoring artificial wines and liquors. Called also oil of wine.
See Essential oil, under Essential.

OENANTHOL
OE*nan"thol, n. Etym: [oenanthylic + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oily substance obtained by the distillation of castor oil,
recognized as the aldehyde of oenanthylic acid, and hence called also
oenanthaldehyde.

OENANTHONE
OE*nan"thone, n. Etym: [oenanthic + -one] (Chem.)

Defn: The ketone of oenanthic acid.

OENANTHYL
OE*nan"thyl, n. Etym: [oennthic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon radical formerly supposed to exist in oenanthic
acid, now known to be identical with heptyl.

OENANTHYLATE
OE*nan"thyl*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of oenanthylic acid; as, potassium oenanthylate.

OENANTHYLIC
OE`nan*thyl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, oenanthyl;
specifically, designating an acid formerly supposed to be identical
with the acid in oenanthic ether, but now known to be identical with
heptoic acid.

OENANTHYLIDENE
OE`nan*thyl"i*dene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless liquid hydrocarbon, having a garlic odor; heptine.

OENANTHYLOUS
OE*nan"thyl*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid formerly supposed to
be the acid of oenanthylic ether, but now known to be a mixture of
higher acids, especially capric acid. [Obs.]

OENOCYAN
OE`no*cy"an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: The coloring matter of red wines.

OENOLOGY
OE*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: Knowledge of wine, scientific or practical.

OENOMANIA
OEn`o*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
(a) Delirium tremens. Rayer.
(b) Dipsomania.

OENOMEL
OEn"o*mel, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Wine mixed with honey; mead, [R.]

OENOMETER
OE*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: See Alcoholometer.

OENOPHILIST
OE*noph"i*list, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A lover of wine. [R.] Thackeray.

OENOTHIONIC
OE`no*thi*on"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. thionic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to an acid now called sulphovinic, or ethyl
sulphuric, acid.

O'ER
O'er, prep. & adv.

Defn: A contr. of Over. [Poetic]

OERSTED
Oer"sted, n. [After Hans Christian Oersted, Danish physicist.]
(Elec.)

Defn: The C.G.S. unit of magnetic reluctance or resistance, equal to
the reluctance of a centimeter cube of air (or vacuum) between
parallel faces. Also, a reluctance in which unit magnetomotive force
sets up unit flux.

OESOPHAGUS; OESOPHAGEAL
OE*soph"a*gus, n., OE`so*phag"e*al, a., etc.

Defn: Same as Esophagus, Esophageal, etc.

OESTRIAN
OEs"tri*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the gadflies.
 -- n.

Defn: A gadfly.

OESTRUAL
OEs"tru*al, a. Etym: [See OEstrus.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to sexual desire; -- mostly applied to brute
animals; as, the oestrual period; oestrual influence.

OESTRUATION
OEs`tru*a"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The state of being under oestrual influence, or of having
sexual desire.

OESTRUS
OEs"trus, n. Etym: [L., a gadfly; also, frenzy, fr.Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of gadflies. The species which deposits its larvæ in
the nasal cavities of sheep is oestrus ovis.

2. A vehement desire; esp. (Physiol.), the periodical sexual impulse
of animals; heat; rut.

OF
Of, prep. Etym: [AS. of of, from, off; akin to D. & OS. af, G. ab
off, OHG. aba from, away, Icel., Dan., Sw., & Goth. af, L. ab, Gr.
apa. Cf.Off, A- (2), Ab-, After, Epi-.]

Defn: In a general sense, from, or out from; proceeding from;
belonging to; relating to; concerning; -- used in a variety of
applications; as:

1. Denoting that from which anything proceeds; indicating origin,
source, descent, and the like; as, he is of a race of kings; he is of
noble blood.
That holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son
of God. Luke i. 35.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you. 1
Cor. xi. 23.

2. Denoting possession or ownership, or the relation of subject to
attribute; as, the apartment of the consul: the power of the king; a
man of courage; the gate of heaven. "Poor of spirit." Macaulay.

3. Denoting the material of which anything is composed, or that which
it contains; as, a throne of gold; a sword of steel; a wreath of
mist; a cup of water.

4. Denoting part of an aggregate or whole; belonging to a number or
quantity mentioned; out of; from amongst; as, of this little he had
some to spare; some of the mines were unproductive; most of the
company.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed. Lam. iii. 22.
It is a duty to communicate of those blessings we have received.
Franklin.

5. Denoting that by which a person or thing is actuated or impelled;
also, the source of a purpose or action; as, they went of their own
will; no body can move of itself; he did it of necessity.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Josh. xi. 20.

6. Denoting reference to a thing; about; concerning; relating to; as,
to boast of one's achievements.
Knew you of this fair work Shak.

7. Denoting nearness or distance, either in space or time; from; as,
within a league of the town; within an hour of the appointed time.

8. Denoting identity or equivalence; -- used with a name or
appellation, and equivalent to the relation of apposition; as, the
continent of America; the city of Rome; the Island of Cuba.

9. Denoting the agent, or person by whom, or thing by which, anything
is, or is done; by.
And told to her of [by] some. Chaucer.
He taught in their synagogues, being glorified of all. Luke iv. 15.
[Jesus] being forty days tempted of the devil. Luke iv. 1, 2.

Note: The use of the word in this sense, as applied to persons, is
nearly obsolete.

10. Denoting relation to place or time; belonging to, or connected
with; as, men of Athens; the people of the Middle Ages; in the days
of Herod.

11. Denoting passage from one state to another; from. [Obs.] "O
miserable of happy." Milton.

12. During; in the course of.
Not be seen to wink of all the day. Shak.
My custom always of the afternoon. Shak.

Note: Of may be used in a subjective or an objective sense. "The love
of God" may mean, our love for God, or God's love for us.

Note: From is the primary sense of this preposition; a sense retained
in off, the same word differently written for distinction. But this
radical sense disappears in most of its application; as, a man of
genius; a man of rare endowments; a fossil of a red color, or of an
hexagonal figure; he lost all hope of relief; an affair of the
cabinet; he is a man of decayed fortune; what is the price of corn In
these and similar phrases, of denotes property or possession, or a
relation of some sort involving connection. These applications,
however all proceeded from the same primary sense. That which
proceeds from, or is produced by, a person or thing, either has had,
or still has, a close connection with the same; and hence the word
was applied to cases of mere connection, not involving at all the
idea of separation. Of consequence, of importance, value, or
influence.
 -- Of late, recently; in time not long past.
 -- Of old, formerly; in time long past.
 -- Of one's self, by one's self; without help or prompting;
spontaneously.
Why, knows not Montague, that of itself England is safe, if true
within itself Shak.

OFF
Off, adv. Etym: [OE. of, orig. the same word as R. of, prep., AS. of,
adv. & prep. *194. See Of.]

Defn: In a general sense, denoting from or away from; as:

1. Denoting distance or separation; as, the house is a mile off.

2. Denoting the action of removing or separating; separation; as, to
take off the hat or cloak; to cut off, to pare off, to clip off, to
peel off, to tear off, to march off, to fly off, and the like.

3. Denoting a leaving, abandonment, departure, abatement,
interruption, or remission; as, the fever goes off; the pain goes
off; the game is off; all bets are off.

4. Denoting a different direction; not on or towards: away; as, to
look off.

5. Denoting opposition or negation. [Obs.]
The questions no way touch upon puritanism, either off or on. Bp.
Sanderson.
From off, off from; off. "A live coal...taken with the tongs from off
the altar." Is. vi. 6.
 -- Off and on. (a) Not constantly; not regularly; now and then;
occasionally. (b) (Naut.) On different tacks, now toward, and now
away from, the land.
 -- To be off. (a) To depart; to escape; as, he was off without a
moment's warning. (b) To be abandoned, as an agreement or purpose;
as, the bet was declared to be off. [Colloq.] -- To come off, To cut
off, To fall off, To go off, etc. See under Come, Cut, Fall, Go, etc.
 -- To get off. (a) To utter; to discharge; as, to get off a joke.
(b) To go away; to escape; as, to get off easily from a trial.
[Colloq.] -- To take off, to mimic or personate.
 -- To tell off (Mil.), to divide and practice a regiment or company
in the several formations, preparatory to marching to the general
parade for field exercises. Farrow.
 -- To be well off, to be in good condition.
 -- To be ill off, To be badly off, to be in poor condition.

OFF
Off, interj.

Defn: Away; begone; -- a command to depart.

OFF
Off, prep.

Defn: Not on; away from; as, to be off one's legs or off the bed; two
miles off the shore. Addison. Off hand. See Offhand.
 -- Off side (Football), out of play; -- said when a player has got
in front of the ball in a scrimmage, or when the ball has been last
touched by one of his own side behind him.
 -- To be off color, to be of a wrong color.
 -- To be off one's food, to have no appetite. (Colloq.)

OFF
Off, a.

1. On the farther side; most distant; on the side of an animal or a
team farthest from the driver when he is on foot; in the United
States, the right side; as, the off horse or ox in a team, in
distinction from the Ant: nigh or Ant: near horse or ox; the off leg.

2. Designating a time when one is not strictly attentive to business
or affairs, or is absent from his post, and, hence, a time when
affairs are not urgent; as, he took an off day for fishing: an off
year in politics. "In the off season." Thackeray. Off side. (a) The
right hand side in driving; the farther side. See Gee. (b) (Cricket)
See Off, n.

OFF
Off, n. (Cricket)

Defn: The side of the field that is on the right of the wicket
keeper.

OFFAL
Of"fal, n. Etym: [Off + fall.]

1. The rejected or waste parts of a butchered animal.

2. A dead body; carrion. Shak.

3. That which is thrown away as worthless or unfit for use; refuse;
rubbish.
The off als of other profession. South.

OFFCUT
Off"cut`, n.

1. That which is cut off.

2. (Bookbinding)

Defn: A portion ofthe printed sheet, in certain sizes of books, that
is cut off before folding.

OFFENCE
Of*fence", n.

Defn: See Offense.

OFFEND
Of*fend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Offended; p. pr. & vb. n. Offending.]
Etym: [OF. offendre, L. offendere, offensum; ob (see Ob-) + fendere
(in comp.) to thrust, dash. See Defend.]

1. To strike against; to attack; to assail. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

2. To displease; to make angry; to affront.
A brother offended is harder to be won than a strong city. Prov.
xviii. 19.

3. To be offensive to; to harm; to pain; to annoy; as, strong light
offends the eye; to offend the conscience.

4. To transgress; to violate; to sin against. [Obs.]
Marry, sir, he hath offended the law. Shak.

5. (Script.)

Defn: To oppose or obstruct in duty; to cause to stumble; to cause to
sin or to fall. [Obs.]
Who hath you misboden or offended. Chaucer.
If thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out... And if thy right hand
offend thee, cut it off. Matt. v. 29, 3O.
Great peace have they which love thy law, and nothing shall offend
them. Ps. cxix. 165.

OFFEND
Of*fend", v. i.

1. To transgress the moral or divine law; to commit a crime; to
stumble; to sin.
Whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he
is guilty of all. James ii. 10.
If it be a sin to cevet honor, I am the most offending soul alive.
Shak.

2. To cause dislike, anger, or vexation; to displease.
I shall offend, either to detain or give it. Shak.
To offend against, to do an injury or wrong to; to commit an offense
against. "We have offended against the Lord already." 2 Chron.
xxviii. 13.

OFFENDANT
Of*fend"ant, n.

Defn: An offender. [R.] Holland.

OFFENDER
Of*fend"er, n.

Defn: One who offends; one who violates any law, divine or human; a
wrongdoer.
I and my son Solomon shall be counted offenders. 1 Kings i. 21.

OFFENDRESS
Of*fend"ress, n.

Defn: A woman who offends. Shak.

OFFENSE; OFFENCE
Of*fense", Of*fence", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. offensa. See Offend.]

1. The act of offending in any sense; esp., a crime or a sin, an
affront or an injury.
Who was delivered for our offenses, and was raised again for our
justification. Rom. iv. 25.
I have given my opinion against the authority of two great men, but I
hope without offense to their memories. Dryden.

2. The state of being offended or displeased; anger; displeasure.
He was content to give them just cause of offense, when they had
power to make just revenge. Sir P. Sidney.

3. A cause or occasion of stumbling or of sin. [Obs.]
Woe to that man by whom the offense cometh! Matt. xviii. 7.

Note: This word, like expense, is often spelled with a c. It ought,
however, to undergo the same change with expense, the reasons being
the same, namely, that s must be used in offensive as in expensive,
and is found in the Latin offensio, and the French offense. To take
offense, to feel, or assume to be, injured or affronted; to become
angry or hostile.
 -- Weapons of offense, those which are used in attack, in
distinction from those of defense, which are used to repel.

Syn.
 -- Displeasure; umbrage; resentment; misdeed; misdemeanor; trespass;
transgression; delinquency; fault; sin; crime; affront; indignity;
outrage; insult.

OFFENSEFUL
Of*fense"ful, a.

Defn: Causing offense; displeasing; wrong; as, an offenseful act.
[R.]

OFFENSELESS
Of*fense"less, a.

Defn: Unoffending; inoffensive.

OFFENSIBLE
Of*fen"si*ble, a.

Defn: That may give offense. [Obs.]

OFFENSION
Of*fen"sion, n. Etym: [OF., fr. L. offensio an offense.]

Defn: Assault; attack. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OFFENSIVE
Of*fen"sive, a. Etym: [Cf.F. offensif. See Offend.]

1. Giving offense; causing displeasure or resentment; displeasing;
annoying; as, offensive words.

2. Giving pain or unpleasant sensations; disagreeable; revolting;
noxious; as, an offensive smell; offensive sounds. "Offensive to the
stomach." Bacon.

3. Making the first attack; assailant; aggressive; hence, used in
attacking; -- opposed to defensive; as, an offensive war; offensive
weapons. League offensive and defensive, a leaque that requires all
the parties to it to make war together against any foe, and to defend
one another if attacked.

Syn.
 -- Displeasing; disagreeable; distasteful; obnoxious; abhorrent;
disgusting; impertinent; rude; saucy; reproachful; opprobrious;
insulting; insolent; abusive; scurrilous; assailant; attacking;
invading.
 -- Of*fen"sive*ly, adv.
 -- Of*fen"sive*ness, n.

OFFENSIVE
Of*fen"sive, n.

Defn: The state or posture of one who offends or makes attack;
aggressive attitude; the act of the attacking party; -- opposed to
defensive. To act on the offensive, to be the attacking party.

OFFER
Of"fer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Offered; p. pr. & vb. n. Offering.] Etym:
[OE. offren, AS. offrian to sacrifice, fr. L. offerre; ob (see OB-) +
ferre to bear, bring. The English word was influenced by F. offrir to
offer, of the same origin. See 1st Bear.]

1. To present, as an act of worship; to immolate; to sacrifice; to
present in prayer or devotion; -- often with up.
Thou shalt offer every day a bullock for a sin offering for
atonement. Ex. xxix. 36.
A holy priesthood to offer up spiritual sacrifices. 1 Pet. ii. 5.

2. To bring to or before; to hold out to; to present for acceptance
or rejection; as, to offer a present, or a bribe; to offer one's self
in marriage.
I offer thee three things. 2 Sam. xxiv. 12.

3. To present in words; to proffer; to make a proposal of; to
suggest; as, to offer an opinion. With the infinitive as an
objective: To make an offer; to declare one's willingness; as, he
offered to help me.

4. To attempt; to undertake.
All that offer to defend him. Shak.

5. To bid, as a price, reward, or wages; as, to offer a guinea for a
ring; to offer a salary or reward.

6. To put in opposition to; to manifest in an offensive way; to
threaten; as, to offer violence, attack, etc.

Syn.
 -- To propose; propound; move; proffer; tender; sacrifice; immolate.

OFFER
Of"fer, v. i.

1. To present itself; to be at hand.
The occasion offers, and the youth complies. Dryden.

2. To make an attempt; to make an essay or a trial; -- used with at.
"Without offering at any other remedy." Swift.
He would be offering at the shepherd's voice. L'Estrange.
I will not offer at that I can not master. Bacon.

OFFER
Of"fer, n. Etym: [Cf. F. offre, fr. offrir to offer, fr. L. offerre.
See Offer, v. t.]

1. The act of offering, bringing forward, proposing, or bidding; a
proffer; a first advance. "This offer comes from mercy." Shak.

2. That which is offered or brought forward; a proposal to be
accepted or rejected; a sum offered; a bid.
When offers are disdained, and love denied. Pope.

3. Attempt; endeavor; essay; as, he made an offer to catch the ball.
"Some offer and attempt." South.

OFFERABLE
Of"fer*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being offered; suitable or worthy to be offered.

OFFERER
Of"fer*er, n.

Defn: One who offers; esp., one who offers something to God in
worship. Hooker.

OFFERING
Of"fer*ing, n.

1. The act of an offerer; a proffering.

2. That which is offered, esp. in divine service; that which is
presented as an expiation or atonement for sin, or as a free gift; a
sacrifice; an oblation; as, sin offering.
They are polluted offerings more abhorred Than spotted livers in the
sacrifice. Shak.

3. A sum of money offered, as in church service; as, a missionary
offering. Specif.: (Ch. of Eng.) Personal tithes payable according to
custom, either at certain seasons as Christmas or Easter, or on
certain occasions as marriages or christenings.
[None] to the offering before her should go. Chaucer.
Burnt offering, Drink offering, etc. See under Burnt. etc.

OFFERTORY
Of"fer*to*ry, n.; pl. Offertories . Etym: [L. offertorium the place
to which offerings were brought, in LL. offertory: cf.F. offertoire.]

1. The act of offering, or the thing offered. [Obs. or R.] Bacon. Bp.
Fell.

2. (R.C.Ch.)
(a) An anthem chanted, or a voluntary played on the organ, during the
offering and first part of the Mass.
(b) That part of the Mass which the priest reads before uncovering
the chalice to offer up the elements for consecration.
(c) The oblation of the elements.

3. (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.)
(a) The Scripture sentences said or sung during the collection of the
offerings.
(b) The offerings themselves.

OFFERTURE
Of"fer*ture, n. Etym: [LL. offertura an offering.]

Defn: Offer; proposal; overture. [Obs.]
More offertures and advantages to his crown. Milton.

OFFHAND
Off"hand`, a.

Defn: Instant; ready; extemporaneous; as, an offhand speech; offhand
excuses.
 -- adv.

Defn: In an offhand manner; as, he replied offhand.

OFFICE
Of"fice, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. officium, for opificium; ops ability,
wealth, holp + facere to do or make. See Opulent, Fact.]

1. That which a person does, either voluntarily or by appointment,
for, or with reference to, others; customary duty, or a duty that
arises from the relations of man to man; as, kind offices, pious
offices.
I would I could do a good office between you. Shak.

2. A special duty, trust, charge, or position, conferred by authority
and for a public purpose; a position of trust or authority; as, an
executive or judical office; a municipal office.

3. A charge or trust, of a sacred nature, conferred by God himself;
as, the office of a priest under the old dispensation, and that of
the apostles in the new.
Inasmuch as I am the apostle of the Gentiles, I magnify mine office.
Rom. xi. 13.

4. That which is performed, intended, or assigned to be done, by a
particular thing, or that which anything is fitted to perform; a
function; -- answering to duty in intelligent beings.
They [the eyes] resign their office and their light. Shak.
Hesperus, whose office is to bring Twilight upon the earth. Milton.
In this experiment the several intervals of the teeth of the comb do
the office of so many prisms. Sir I. Newton.

5. The place where a particular kind of business or service for
others is transacted; a house or apartment in which public officers
and others transact business; as, the register's office; a lawyer's
office.

6. The company or corporation, or persons collectively, whose place
of business is in an office; as, I have notified the office.

7. pl.

Defn: The apartments or outhouses in which the domestics discharge
the duties attached to the service of a house, as kitchens, pantries,
stables, etc. [Eng.]
As for the offices, let them stand at distance. Bacon.

8. (Eccl.)

Defn: Any service other than that of ordination and the Mass; any
prescribed religious service.
This morning was read in the church, after the office was done, the
declaration setting forth the late conspiracy against the king's
person. Evelyn.
Holy office. Same as Inquisition, n., 3.
 -- Houses of office. Same as def. 7 above. Chaucer.
 -- Little office (R.C.Ch.), an office recited in honor of the Virgin
Mary.
 -- Office bearer, an officer; one who has a specific office or duty
to perform.
 -- Office copy (Law), an authenticated or certified copy of a
record, from the proper office. See Certified copies, under Copy.
Abbott.
 -- Office-found (Law), the finding of an inquest of office. See
under Inquest.
 -- Office holder. See Officeholder in the Vocabulary

OFFICE
Of`fice, v. t.

Defn: To perform, as the duties of an office; to discharge. [Obs.]
Shak.

OFFICEHOLDER
Of"fice*hold"er, n.

Defn: An officer, particularly one in the civil service; a placeman.

OFFICER
Of"fi*cer, n. Etym: [F. officier. See Office, and cf. Official, n.]

1. One who holds an office; a person lawfully invested with an
office, whether civil, military, or ecclesiastical; as, a church
officer; a police officer; a staff officer. "I am an officer of
state." Shak.

2. (U. S. Mil.)

Defn: Specifically, a commissioned officer, in distinction from a
warrant officer. Field officer, General officer, etc. See under
Field, General. etc.
 -- Officer of the day (Mil.), the officer who, on a given day, has
charge for that day of the quard, prisoners, and police of the post
or camp.
 -- Officer of the deck, or Officer of the watch (Naut.), the officer
temporarily in charge on the deck of a vessel, esp. a war vessel.

OFFICER
Of"fi*cer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Officered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Officering.]

1. To furnish with officers; to appoint officers over. Marshall.

2. To command as an officer; as, veterans from old regiments
officered the recruits.

OFFICE WIRE
Of"fice wire`. (Elec.)

Defn: Copper wire with a strong but light insulation, used in wiring
houses, etc.

OFFICIAL
Of*fi"cial, a. Etym: [L. officialis: cf. F. officiel. See Office, and
cf. Official, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to an office or public trust; as, official
duties, or routine.
That, in the official marks invested, you Anon do meet the senate.
Shak.

2. Derived from the proper office or officer, or from the proper
authority; made or communicated by virtue of authority; as, an
official statement or report.

3. (Pharm.)

Defn: Approved by authority; sanctioned by the pharmacopoeia;
appointed to be used in medicine; as, an official drug or
preparation. Cf. Officinal.

4. Discharging an office or function. [Obs.]
The stomach and other parts official unto nutrition. Sir T. Browne.

OFFICIAL
Of*fi"cial, n. Etym: [L. officialis a magistrate's servant or
attendant: cf.F. official. See Official, a., and cf. Officer.]

1. One who holds an office; esp., a subordinate executive officer or
attendant.

2. An ecclesiastical judge appointed by a bishop, chapter,
archdeacon, etc., with charge of the spiritual jurisdiction.
Blackstone.

OFFICIALISM
Of*fi"cial*ism, n.

Defn: The state of being official; a system of official government;
also, adherence to office routine; red-tapism.
Officialism may often drift into blunders. Smiles.

OFFICIALITY
Of*fi`ci*al`i*ty, n.

Defn: See Officialty.

OFFICIALLY
Of*fi"cial*ly, adv.

Defn: By the proper officer; by virtue of the proper authority; in
pursuance of the special powers vested in an officer or office; as,
accounts or reports officially vertified or rendered; letters
officially communicated; persons officially notified.

OFFICIALTY
Of*fi"cial*ty, n. Etym: [Cf.F. officialité.]

Defn: The charge, office, court, or jurisdiction of an official.
Ayliffe.

OFFICIANT
Of*fi"ciant, n. Etym: [L. officians, p.pr. See Officiate.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The officer who officiates or performs an office, as the burial
office. Shipley.

OFFICIARY
Of*fi"ci*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an office or an officer; official. [R.]
Heylin.

OFFICIATE
Of*fi"ci*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Officiated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Officiating.] Etym: [LL. officiare. See Office.]

Defn: To act as an officer in performing a duty; to transact the
business of an office or public trust; to conduct a public service.
Bp. Stillingfleet.

OFFICIATE
Of*fi"ci*ate, v. t.

Defn: To discharge, perform, or supply, as an official duty or
function. [Obs.]
Merely to officiate light Round this opacous earth. Milton.

OFFICIATOR
Of*fi"ci*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who officiates. Tylor.

OFFICINAL
Of*fic"i*nal, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. officina a workshop, contr.fr.
opificina, fr. opifex a workman; opus work + facere to make or do.]

1. Used in a shop, or belonging to it. [Obs. or R.] Johnson.

2. (Pharm.)

Defn: Kept in stock by apothecaries; -- said of such drugs and
medicines as may be obtained without special preparation or
compounding; not magistral.

Note: This term is often interchanged with official, but in strict
use officinal drugs are not necessarily official. See Official, a.,
3.

OFFICIOUS
Of*fi"cious, a. Etym: [L. officiosus: cf.F. officieux. See Office.]

1. Pertaining to, or being in accordance with, duty. [R.]
If there were any lie in the case, it could be no more than as
officious and venial one. Note on Gen. xxvii. (Douay version).

2. Disposed to serve; kind; obliging. [Archaic]
Yet not to earth are those bright luminaries Officious. Milton.
They were tolerably well bred, very officious, humane, and
hospitable. Burke.

3. Importunately interposing services; intermeddling in affairs in
which one has no concern; meddlesome.
You are too officious In her behalf that scorns your services. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Impertinent; meddling. See Impertinent.
 -- Of*fi"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Of*fi"cious*ness, n.

OFFING
Off"ing, n. Etym: [From Off.]

Defn: That part of the sea at a good distance from the shore, or
where there is deep water and no need of a pilot; also, distance from
the shore; as, the ship had ten miles offing; we saw a ship in the
offing.

OFFISH
Off"ish, a.

Defn: Shy or distant in manner. [Colloq. U.S.]

OFFLET
Off"let, n. Etym: [Off + let.]

Defn: A pipe to let off water.

OFFPRINT
Off"print`, n.

Defn: A reprint or excerpt.

OFFPRINT
Off`print", v. t.  [Off + print.]

Defn: To reprint (as an excerpt); as, the articles of some magazines
are offprinted from other magazines.

OFFSCOURING
Off"scour`ing, n. Etym: [Off + scour.]

Defn: That which is scoured off; hence, refuse; rejected matter; that
which is vile or despised. Lam. iii. 45.

OFFSCUM
Off"scum`, n. Etym: [Off + scum.]

Defn: Removed scum; refuse; dross.

OFFSET
Off"set`, n. Etym: [Off + set. Cf. Set-off.]

Defn: In general, that which is set off, from, before, or against,
something; as: --

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A short prostrate shoot, which takes root and produces a tuft
of leaves, etc. See Illust. of Houseleek.

2. A sum, account, or value set off against another sum or account,
as an equivalent; hence, anything which is given in exchange or
retaliation; a set-off.

3. A spur from a range of hills or mountains.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: A horizontal ledge on the face of a wall, formed by a
diminution of its thickness, or by the weathering or upper surface of
a part built out from it; -- called also set-off.

5. (Surv.)

Defn: A short distance measured at right angles from a line actually
run to some point in an irregular boundary, or to some object.

6. (Mech.)

Defn: An abrupt bend in an object, as a rod, by which one part is
turned aside out of line, but nearly parallel, with the rest; the
part thus bent aside.

7. (Print.)

Defn: A more or less distinct transfer of a printed page or picture
to the opposite page, when the pages are pressed together before the
ink is dry or when it is poor. Offset staff (Surv.), a rod, usually
ten links long, used in measuring offsets.

OFFSET
Off*set", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Offset; p. pr. & vb. n. Offsetting.]

1. To set off; to place over against; to balance; as, to offset one
account or charge against another.

2. To form an offset in, as in a wall, rod, pipe, etc.

OFFSET
Off"set, v. i. (Printing)

Defn: To make an offset.

OFFSHOOT
Off"shoot`, n. Etym: [Off + shoot.]

Defn: That which shoots off or separates from a main stem, channel,
family, race, etc.; as, the offshoots of a tree.

OFFSHORE
Off"shore", a.

Defn: From the shore; as, an offshore wind; an offshore signal.

OFFSKIP
Off"skip`, n. Etym: [Off + -skip, as in landskip.] (Paint.)

Defn: That part of a landscape which recedes from the spectator into
distance. [R.] Fairholt.

OFFSPRING
Off"spring`, n.sing. & pl. Etym: [Off + spring.]

1. The act of production; generation. [Obs.]

2. That which is produced; a child or children; a descendant or
descendants, however remote from the stock.
To the gods alone Our future offspring and our wives are known.
Dryden.

3. Origin; lineage; family. [Obs.] Fairfax.

OFFTAKE
Off"take`, n.  [Off + take.]

1. Act of taking off; specif., the taking off or purchase of goods.

2.  Something taken off; a deduction.

3.  A channel for taking away air or water; also, the point of
beginning of such a channel; a take-off.

OFFUSCATE; OFFUSCATION
Of*fus"cate, Of`fus*ca`tion.

Defn: See Obfuscate, Obfuscation. [Obs.]

OFT
Oft (ôft; 115), adv. Etym: [AS. oft; akin to OS. & G. oft, OHG. ofto,
Sw. ofta, Dan. ofte, Icel.opt, Goth. ufta; of uncertain origin. Cf.
Often.]

Defn: Often; frequently; not rarely; many times. [Poetic] Chaucer.
Oft she rejects, but never once offends. Pope.

OFT
Oft, a.

Defn: Frequent; often; repeated. [Poetic]

OFTEN
Of`ten, adv. [Compar. Oftener; superl. Oftenest.] Etym: [Formerly
also ofte, fr. oft. See Oft., adv.]

Defn: Frequently; many times; not seldom.

OFTEN
Of"ten, a.

Defn: Frequent; common; repeated. [R.] "Thine often infirmities." 1
Tim. v. 23.
And weary thee with often welcomes. Beau. & Fl.

OFTENNESS
Of"ten*ness, n.

Defn: Frequency. Hooker.

OFTENSITH
Of"ten*sith, adv. Etym: [Often + sith time.]

Defn: Frequently; often. [Obs.]
For whom I sighed have so oftensith. Gascoigne.

OFTENTIDE
Of"ten*tide", adv. Etym: [Often + tide time.]

Defn: Frequently; often. [Obs.] Robert of Brunne.

OFTENTIMES
Of"ten*times`, adv. Etym: [Often + time. Cf. -wards.]

Defn: Frequently; often; many times. Wordsworth.

OFTER
Oft"er, adv.

Defn: Compar. of Oft. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OFTTIMES
Oft"times`, adv. Etym: [Oft + time. Cf. -wards.]

Defn: Frequently; often. Milton.

OGAM
Og"am, n.

Defn: Same as Ogham.

OGDOAD
Og"do*ad, n. Etym: [Gr. , , from

Defn: A thing made up of eight parts. Milman.

OGDOASTICH
Og`do*as`tich, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A poem of eight lines. [Obs.] Selden

OGEE
O*gee", n. Etym: [F. ogive, augive, LL. augiva, of uncertain origin;
cf.LL. ogis a support, prop. L. augere to increase, strengthen, Sp.
auge highest point of power or fortune, apogee, Ar. auj, an
astronomical term.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A molding, the section of which is the form of the letter S,
with the convex part above; cyma reversa. See Illust. under Cyma.

2. Hence, any similar figure used for any purpose. Ogee arch (Arch.),
a pointed arch, each of the sides of which has the curve of an ogee,
that is, has a reversed curve near the apex.

OGEECHEE LIME
O*gee"chee lime`. Etym: [So named from the Ogeechee River in
Georgia.] (Bot.)
(a) The acid, olive-shaped, drupaceous fruit of a species of tupelo
(Nyssa capitata) which grows in swamps in Georgia and Florida.
(b) The tree which bears this fruit.

OGGANITION
Og`ga*ni"tion, n. Etym: [L.oggannire to snarl at; ob (see Ob-) +
gannire to yelp.]

Defn: Snarling; grumbling. [R.] Bp. Montagu.

OGHAM
Og"ham, n. Etym: [Ir.]

Defn: A particular kind of writing practiced by the ancient Irish,
and found in inscriptions on stones, metals, etc. [Written also
ogam.]

OGIVE
O"give, n. Etym: [F. ogive, OF. augive a pointed arch, LL. augiva a
double arch of two at right angles.] (Arch.)

Defn: The arch or rib which crosses a Gothic vault diagonally.

OGLE
O"gle (og'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ogled; p. pr. & vb. n. Ogling.]
Etym: [From a Dutch word corresponding to G. äugeln to ogle, fr. auge
eye; cf. D. ooglonken to ogle, OD. oogen to cast sheep's eyes upon,
ooge eye. See Eye.]

Defn: To view or look at with side glances, as in fondness, or with a
design to attract notice.
And ogling all their audience, ere they speak. Dryden.

OGLE
O"gle, n.

Defn: An amorous side glance or look. Byron.

OGLER
O"gler, n.

Defn: One who ogles. Addison.

OGLIO
O"gli*o, n.

Defn: See Olio.

OGRE
O"gre, n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. ogro, fr. L. Orcus the god of the
infernal regions; also, the lower world, hell.]

Defn: An imaginary monster, or hideous giant of fairy tales, who
lived on human beings; hence, any frightful giant; a cruel monster.
His schoolroom must have resembled an ogre's den. Maccaulay.

OGREISH
O"gre*ish, a.

Defn: Resembling an ogre; having the character or appearance of an
ogre; suitable for an ogre. "An ogreish kind of jocularity." Dickens.

OGRESS
O"gress, n. Etym: [F.ogresse. See Ogre.]

Defn: A female ogre. Tennyson.

OGRISM; OGREISM
O"grism, O"gre*ism, n.

Defn: The character or manners of an ogre.

OGYGIAN
O*gyg"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Ogygius, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Ogyges, a mythical king of ancient Attica,
or to a great deluge in Attica in his days; hence, primeval; of
obscure antiquity.

OH
Oh, interj. Etym: [See O, interj.]

Defn: An exclamation expressing various emotions, according to the
tone and manner, especially surprise, pain, sorrow, anxiety, or a
wish. See the Note under O.

OHM
Ohm, n. Etym: [So called from the German electrician, G.S. Ohm.]
(Elec.)

Defn: The standard unit in the measure of electrical resistance,
being the resistance of a circuit in which a potential difference of
one volt produces a current of one ampére. As defined by the
International Electrical Congress in 1893, and by United States
Statute, it is a resistance substantially equal to 109 units of
resistance of the C.G.S. system of electro-magnetic units, and is
represented by the resistance offered to an unvarying electric
current by a column of mercury at the temperature of melting ice
14.4521 grams in mass, of a constant cross-sectional area, and of the
length of 106.3 centimeters. As thus defined it is called the
international ohm. Ohm's law (Elec.), the statement of the fact that
the strength or intensity of an electrical current is directly
proportional to the electro-motive force, and inversely proportional
to the resistance of the circuit.

OHMMETER
Ohm"me`ter, n.  [Ohm + meter.] (Elec.)

Defn: An instrument for indicating directly resistance in ohms.

OHO
O*ho", interj.

Defn: An exclamation of surprise, etc.

-OID
-oid. Etym: [Gr. wit: cf.F. -oïde, L. -oïdes.]

Defn: A suffix or combining form meaning like, resembling, in the
form of; as in anthropoid, asteroid, spheroid.

OIDIUM
O*ïd"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., dim. fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of minute fungi which form a floccose mass of filaments
on decaying fruit, etc. Many forms once referred to this genus are
now believed to be temporary conditions of fungi of other genera,
among them the vine mildew (Oïdium Tuckeri), which has caused much
injury to grapes.

OIL
Oil, n. Etym: [OE. oile, OF. oile, F. huile, fr. L. oleum; akin to
Gr. Olive.]

Defn: Any one of a great variety of unctuous combustible substances,
not miscible with water; as, olive oil, whale oil, rock oil, etc.
They are of animal, vegetable, or mineral origin and of varied
composition, and they are variously used for food, for solvents, for
anointing, lubrication, illumination, etc. By extension, any
substance of an oily consistency; as, oil of vitriol.

Note: The mineral oils are varieties of petroleum. See Petroleum. The
vegetable oils are of two classes, essential oils (see under
Essential), and natural oils which in general resemble the animal
oils and fats. Most of the natural oils and the animal oils and fats
consist of ethereal salts of glycerin, with a large number of organic
acids, principally stearic, oleic, and palmitic, forming respectively
stearin, olein, and palmitin. Stearin and palmitin prevail in the
solid oils and fats, and olein in the liquid oils. Mutton tallow,
beef tallow, and lard are rich in stearin, human fat and palm oil in
palmitin, and sperm and cod-liver oils in olein. In making soaps, the
acids leave the glycerin and unite with the soda or potash. Animal
oil, Bone oil, Dipple's oil, etc. (Old Chem.), a complex oil obtained
by the distillation of animal substances, as bones. See Bone oil,
under Bone.
 -- Drying oils, Essential oils. (Chem.) See under Drying, and
Essential.
 -- Ethereal oil of wine, Heavy oil of wine. (Chem.) See under
Ethereal.
 -- Fixed oil. (Chem.) See under Fixed.
 -- Oil bag (Zoöl.), a bag, cyst, or gland in animals, containing
oil.
 -- Oil beetle (Zoöl.), any beetle of the genus Meloe and allied
genera. When disturbed they emit from the joints of the legs a
yellowish oily liquor. Some species possess vesicating properties,
and are used instead of cantharides.
 -- Oil box, or Oil cellar (Mach.), a fixed box or reservoir, for
lubricating a bearing; esp., the box for oil beneath the journal of a
railway-car axle.
 -- Oil cake. See under Cake.
 -- Oil cock, a stopcock connected with an oil cup. See Oil cup.
 -- Oil color. (a) A paint made by grinding a coloring substance in
oil. (b) Such paints, taken in a general sense.
 -- Oil cup, a cup, or small receptacle, connected with a bearing as
a lubricator, and usually provided with a wick, wire, or adjustable
valve for regulating the delivery of oil.
 -- Oil engine, a gas engine worked with the explosive vapor of
petroleum.
 -- Oil gas, inflammable gas procured from oil, and used for lighting
streets, houses, etc.
 -- Oil gland. (a) (Zoöl.) A gland which secretes oil; especially in
birds, the large gland at the base of the tail. (b) (Bot.) A gland,
in some plants, producing oil.
 -- Oil green, a pale yellowish green, like oil.
 -- Oil of brick, empyreumatic oil obtained by subjecting a brick
soaked in oil to distillation at a high temperature, -- used by
lapidaries as a vehicle for the emery by which stones and gems are
sawn or cut. Brande & C.
 -- Oil of talc, a nostrum made of calcined talc, and famous in the
17th century as a cosmetic. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
 -- Oil of vitriol (Chem.), strong sulphuric acid; -- so called from
its oily consistency and from its forming the vitriols or sulphates.
 -- Oil of wine, .
 -- Oil painting. (a) The art of painting in oil colors. (b) Any kind
of painting of which the pigments are originally ground in oil.
 -- Oil palm (Bot.), a palm tree whose fruit furnishes oil, esp.
Elæis Guineensis. See Elæis.
 -- Oil sardine (Zoöl.), an East Indian herring (Clupea scombrina),
valued for its oil.
 -- Oil shark (Zoöl.) (a) The liver shark. (b) The tope.
 -- Oil still, a still for hydrocarbons, esp. for petroleum.
 -- Oil test, a test for determining the temperature at which
petroleum oils give off vapor which is liable to explode.
 -- Oil tree. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Ricinus (R. communis),
from the seeds of which castor oil is obtained. (b) An Indian tree,
the mahwa. See Mahwa. (c) The oil palm.
 -- To burn the midnight oil, to study or work late at night.
 -- Volatle oils. See Essential oils, under Essential.

OIL
Oil, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Oiling.]

Defn: To smear or rub over with oil; to lubricate with oil; to anoint
with oil.

OILBIRD
Oil"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Guacharo.

OILCLOTH
Oil"cloth", n.

Defn: Cloth treated with oil or paint, and used for marking garments,
covering flooors, etc.

OILED
Oiled, a.

Defn: Covered or treated with oil; dressed with, or soaked in, oil.
Oiled silk, silk rendered waterproof by saturation with boiled oil.

OILER
Oil"er, n.

1. One who deals in oils.

2. One who, or that which, oils.

OILERY
Oil"er*y, n. Etym: [Cf.F. huilerie.]

Defn: The business, the place of business, or the goods, of a maker
of, or dealer in, oils.

OILINESS
Oil"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being oily. Bacon.

OILLET
Oil"let, n. Etym: [See Eyelet.] (Arch.)
(a) A small opening or loophole, sometimes circular, used in mediæval
fortifications.
(b) A small circular opening, and ring of moldings surrounding it,
used in window tracery in Gothic architecture. [Written also oylet.]

OILMAN
Oil"man, n.; pl. Oilmen (.

Defn: One who deals in oils; formerly, one who dealt in oils and
pickles.

OILNUT
Oil"nut`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The buffalo nut. See Buffalo nut, under Buffalo.

Note: The name is also applied to various nuts and seeds yielding
oil, as the butternut, cocoanut, oil-palm nut.

OILSEED
Oil"seed`, n. (Bot.)
(a) Seed from which oil is expressed, as the castor bean; also, the
plant yielding such seed. See Castor bean.
(b) A cruciferous herb (Camelina sativa).
(c) The sesame.

OILSKIN
Oil"skin`, n.

Defn: Cloth made waterproof by oil.

OILSTONE
Oil"stone`, n.

Defn: A variety of hone slate, or whetstone, used for whetting tools
when lubricated with oil.

OILY
Oil"y, a. [Compar. Oilier; superl. Oiliest.]

1. Consisting of oil; containing oil; having the nature or qualities
of oil; unctuous; oleaginous; as, oily matter or substance. Bacon.

2. Covered with oil; greasy; hence, resembling oil; as, an oily
appearance.

3. Smoothly subservient; supple; compliant; plausible; insinuating.
"This oily rascal." Shak.
His oily compliance in all alterations. Fuller.
Oily grain (Bot.), the sesame.
 -- Oily palm, the oil palm.

OINEMENT
Oi"ne*ment, n.

Defn: Ointment. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OINOMANIA
Oi`no*ma"ni*a, n.

Defn: See oenomania.

OINT
Oint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ointed; p. pr & vb. n. Ointing.] Etym: [F.
oint, p.p. of oindre, L. ungere. See Anoint, Ointment.]

Defn: To anoint. [Obs.] Dryden.

OINTMENT
Oint"ment, n. Etym: [OE. oinement, OF. oignement, fr.F. oindre to
anoint, L. ungere, unguere; akin to Skr. a, and to G. anke (in
Switzerland) butter. The first t in the E. word is due to the
influence of anoint. Cf. Anoint, Unguent.]

Defn: That which serves to anoint; any soft unctuous substance used
for smearing or anointing; an unguent.

OJIBWAYS
O*jib"ways, n. pl.; sing. Ojibway. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Same as Chippeways.

OJO
O"jo, n. Etym: [Sp., prop., an eye.]

Defn: A spring, surrounded by rushes or rank grass; an oasis.
[Southwestern U.S.] Bartlett.

OKAPI
O*ka"pi, n. [Native name on the borders of Belgian Kongo, possibly
the same word as Mpongwe okapo lean.]

Defn: A peculiar mammal (Okapia johnostoni) closely related to the
giraffe, discovered in the deep forests of Belgian Kongo in 1900. It
is smaller than an ox, and somewhat like a giraffe, except that the
neck is much shorter. Like the giraffe, it has no dewclaws. There is
a small prominence on each frontal bone of the male. The color of the
body is chiefly reddish chestnut, the cheeks are yellowish white, and
the fore and hind legs above the knees and the haunches are striped
with purplish black and cream color.

OKE
Oke, n. Etym: [Turk. okkah, fr. Ar. ukiyah, wakiyah, prob. fr. Gr.
uncia. Cf. Ounce a weight.]

1. A Turkish and Egyptian weight, equal to about 2

2. An Hungarian and Wallachian measure, equal to about 2

OKENITE
O"ken*ite, n. Etym: [Prob. from Lorenz Oken, a German naturalist.]
(Min.)

Defn: A massive and fibrous mineral of a whitish color, chiefly
hydrous silicate of lime.

OKER
O"ker, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Ocher.

OKRA
O"kra, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An annual plant (Abelmoschus, or Hibiscus, esculentus), whose
green pods, abounding in nutritious mucilage, are much used for
soups, stews, or pickles; gumbo. [Written also ocra and ochra.]

-OL
-ol. Etym: [From alcohol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A suffix denoting that the substance in the name of which it
appears belongs to the series of alcohols or hydroxyl derivatives, as
carbinol, glycerol, etc.

OLAY
O"lay, n. pl. Etym: [Tamil olai.]

Defn: Palm leaves, prepared for being written upon with a style
pointed with steel. [Written also ola.] Balfour (Cyc. of India).

OLD
Old, n.

Defn: Open country. [Obs.] See World. Shak.

OLD
Old, a. [Compar. Older; superl. Oldest.] Etym: [OE. old, ald, AS.
ald, eald; akin to D. oud, OS. ald, OFries. ald, old, G. alt, Goth.
alpeis, and also to Goth. alan to grow up, Icel. ala to bear,
produce, bring up, L. alere to nourish. Cf. Adult, Alderman, Aliment,
Auld, Elder.]

1. Not young; advanced far in years or life; having lived till toward
the end of the ordinary term of living; as, an old man; an old age;
an old horse; an old tree.
Let not old age disgrace my high desire. Sir P. Sidney.
The melancholy news that we grow old. Young.

2. Not new or fresh; not recently made or produced; having existed
for a long time; as, old wine; an old friendship. "An old
acquaintance." Camden.

3. Formerly existing; ancient; not modern; preceding; original; as,
an old law; an old custom; an old promise. "The old schools of
Greece." Milton. "The character of the old Ligurians." Addison.

4. Continued in life; advanced in the course of existence; having (a
certain) length of existence; -- designating the age of a person or
thing; as, an infant a few hours old; a cathedral centuries old.
And Pharaoh said unto Jacob, How old art thou Cen. xlvii. 8.

Note: In this use old regularly follows the noun that designates the
age; as, she was eight years old.

5. Long practiced; hence, skilled; experienced; cunning; as, an old
offender; old in vice.
Vane, young in years, but in sage counsel old. Milton.

6. Long cultivated; as, an old farm; old land, as opposed to Ant: new
land, that is, to land lately cleared.

7. Worn out; weakened or exhausted by use; past usefulness; as, old
shoes; old clothes.

8. More than enough; abundant. [Obs.]
If a man were porter of hell gate, he should have old turning the
key. Shak.

9. Aged; antiquated; hence, wanting in the mental vigor or other
qualities belonging to youth; -- used disparagingly as a term of
reproach.

10. Old-fashioned; wonted; customary; as of old; as, the good old
times; hence, colloquially, gay; jolly.

11. Used colloquially as a term of cordiality and familiarity. "Go
thy ways, old lad." Shak. Old age, advanced years; the latter period
of life.
 -- Old bachelor. See Bachelor, 1.
 -- Old Catholics. See under Catholic.
 -- Old English. See under English. n., 2.
 -- Old Nick, Old Scratch, the devil.
 -- Old lady (Zoöl.), a large European noctuid moth (Mormo maura).
 -- Old maid. (a) A woman, somewhat advanced in years, who has never
been married; a spinster. (b) (Bot.) A West Indian name for the pink-
flowered periwinkle (Vinca rosea). (c) A simple game of cards, played
by matching them. The person with whom the odd card is left is the
old maid.
 -- Old man's beard. (Bot.) (a) The traveler's joy (Clematis
Vitalba). So named from the abundant long feathery awns of its fruit.
(b) The Tillandsia usneoides. See Tillandsia.
 -- Old man's head (Bot.), a columnar cactus (Pilocereus senilis),
native of Mexico, covered towards the top with long white hairs.
 -- Old red sandstone (Geol.), a series of red sandstone rocks
situated below the rocks of the Carboniferous age and comprising
various strata of siliceous sandstones and conglomerates. See
Sandstone, and the Chart of Geology.
 -- Old school, a school or party belonging to a former time, or
preserving the character, manner, or opinious of a former time; as, a
gentleman of the old school; -- used also adjectively; as, Old-School
Presbyterians.
 -- Old sledge, an old and well-known game of cards, called also all
fours, and high, low, Jack, and the game.
 -- Old squaw (Zoöl.), a duck (Clangula hyemalis) inhabiting the
northern parts of both hemispheres. The adult male is varied with
black and white and is remarkable for the length of its tail. Called
also longtailed duck, south southerly, callow, hareld, and old wife.
 -- Old style. (Chron.) See the Note under Style.
 -- Old Testament. See under Testament.
 -- Old wife. [In the senses b and cwritten also oldwife.] (a) A
prating old woman; a gossip.
Refuse profane and old wives' fables. 1 Tim. iv. 7.
(b) (Zoöl.) The local name of various fishes, as the European black
sea bream (Cantharus lineatus), the American alewife, etc. (c)
(Zoöl.) A duck; the old squaw.
 -- Old World, the Eastern Hemisphere.

Syn.
 -- Aged; ancient; pristine; primitive; antique; antiquated; old-
fashioned; obsolete. See Ancient.

OLD DOMINION
Old Dominion.

Defn: Virginia; -- a name of uncertain origin, perh. from the old
designation of the colony as "the Colony and Dominion of Virginia."

OLDEN
Old"en, a.

Defn: Old; ancient; as, the olden time. "A minstrel of the olden
stamp." J. C. Shairp.

OLDEN
Old"en, v. i.

Defn: To grow old; to age. [R.]
She had oldened in that time. Thackeray.

OLD-FASHIONED
Old`-fash"ioned, a.

Defn: Formed according to old or obsolete fashion or pattern;
adhering to old customs or ideas; as, an old-fashioned dress, girl.
"Old-fashioned men of wit." Addison.
This old-fashioned, quaint abode. Longfellow.

OLD-GENTLEMANLY
Old`-gen"tle*man*ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an old gentleman, or like one. Byron.

OLDISH
Old"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat old.

OLD LANG SYNE
Old` lang syne".

Defn: See Auld lang syne.

OLD LINE STATE
Old Line State.

Defn: Maryland; a nickname, alluding to the fact that its northern
boundary in Mason and Dixon's line.

OLD-MAIDISH
Old`-maid"ish, a.

Defn: Like an old maid; prim; precise; particular.

OLD-MAIDISM
Old`-maid"ism, n.

Defn: The condition or characteristics of an old maid. G. Eliot.

OLDNESS
Old"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being old; old age.

OLDSTER
Old"ster, n. Etym: [Cf. Youngster.]

Defn: An old person. [Jocular] H. Kingsley.

OLD-WOMANISH
Old`-wom`an*ish, a.

Defn: Like an old woman; anile.
 -- Old`-wom"an*ish*ness, n.

OLEA
O"le*a, n. Etym: [L. olive. See Olive.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees including the olive.

Note: The Chinese Olea fragrans, noted for its fragrance, and the
American devilwood (Olea Americana) are now usually referred to
another genus (Osmanthus).

OLEACEOUS
O`le*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. oléaceus of the olive tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants
(Oleaceæ), mostly trees and shrubs, of which the olive is the type.
It includes also the ash, the lilac, the true jasmine, and fringe
tree.

OLEAGINOUS
O`le*ag`i*nous, a. Etym: [L. oleaginus, oleagineus, belonging to the
olive, fr. olea olive: cf. F. oléagineux. See Olive, Oil.]

Defn: Having the nature or qualities of oil; oily; unctuous.

OLEAGINOUSNESS
O`le*ag`i*nous*ness, n.

Defn: Oiliness. Boyle.

OLEAMEN
O`le*a"men, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: A soft ointment prepared from oil. Dunglison.

OLEANDER
O`le*an"der, n. Etym: [F. oléandre (cf. It. oleandro, LL. lorandrum),
prob. corrupted, under the influence of laurus laurel, fr. L.
rhododendron, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A beautiful evergreen shrub of the Dogbane family, having
clusters of fragrant red or white flowers. It is native of the East
Indies, but the red variety has become common in the south of Europe.
Called also rosebay, rose laurel, and South-sea rose.

Note: Every part of the plant is dangerously poisonous, and death has
occured from using its wood for skewers in cooking meat.

OLEANDRINE
O`le*an"drine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of several alkaloids found in the leaves of the oleander.

OLEASTER
O`le*as"ter, n. Etym: [L., fr. olea olive tree. See Olive, Oil.]
(Bot.)
(a) The wild olive tree (Olea Europea, var. sylvestris).
(b) Any species of the genus Elæagus. See Eleagnus. The small silvery
berries of the common species (Elæagnus hortensis) are called
Trebizond dates, and are made into cakes by the Arabs.

OLEATE
O"le*ate, n. Etym: [Cf.F. oléate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of oleic acid. Some oleates, as the oleate of mercury,
are used in medicine by way of inunction.

OLECRANAL
O*lec"ra*nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the olecranon.

OLECRANON
O*lec"ra*non, n. Etym: [NL., fr.Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The large process at the proximal end of the ulna which
projects behind the articulation with the humerus and forms the bony
prominence of the elbow.

OLEFIANT
O*le"fi*ant, a. Etym: [F. oléfiant, fr.L. oleum oil + -ficare (in
comp.). Cf. -Fy.] (Chem.)

Defn: Forming or producing an oil; specifically, designating a
colorless gaseous hydrocarbon called ethylene. [Archaic]

OLEFINE
O"le*fine, n. Etym: [From Olefiant.] (Chem.)

Defn: Olefiant gas, or ethylene; hence, by extension, any one of the
series of unsaturated hydrocarbons of which ethylene is a type. See
Ethylene.

OLEIC
O"le*ic, a. Etym: [L. oleum oil: cf. F. oléique.] (Physiol.Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or contained in, oil; as, oleic
acid, an acid of the acrylic acid series found combined with glyceryl
in the form of olein in certain animal and vegetable fats and oils,
such as sperm oil, olive oil, etc. At low temperatures the acid is
crystalline, but melts to an oily liquid above 14

OLEIFEROUS
O`le*if`er*ous, a. Etym: [L. oleum oil + -ferous: cf.F. oléifére.]

Defn: Producing oil; as, oleiferous seeds.

OLEIN
O"le*in, n. Etym: [L. oleum oil: cf. F. oléine.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A fat, liquid at ordinary temperatures, but solidifying at
temperatures below 0° C., found abundantly in both the animal and
vegetable kingdoms (see Palmitin). It dissolves solid fats,
especially at 30-40° C. Chemically, olein is a glyceride of oleic
acid; and, as three molecules of the acid are united to one molecule
of glyceryl to form the fat, it is technically known as triolein. It
is also called elain.

OLENT
O"lent, a. Etym: [L. olens, p.pr. of olere to smell.]

Defn: Scented. [R.] R. Browning.

OLEOGRAPH
O`le*o*graph, n. Etym: [L. oleum oil + -graph.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: The form or figure assumed by a drop of oil when placed upon
water or some other liquid with which it does not mix.

2. (Painting)

Defn: A picture produced in oils by a process analogous to that of
lithographic printing.

OLEOGRAPHY
O`le*og"ra*phy, n.

1. Art or process of producing the pictures known as oleographs.

2.  A process of identifying oils by their oleographs.

OLEOMARGARINE
O`le*o*mar"ga*rine, n. Etym: [L. oleum oil + E. margarine, margarin.]
[Written also oleomargarin.]

1. A liquid oil made from animal fats (esp. beef fat) by separating
the greater portion of the solid fat or stearin, by crystallization.
It is mainly a mixture of olein and palmitin with some little
stearin.

2. An artificial butter made by churning this oil with more or less
milk.

Note: Oleomargarine was wrongly so named, as it contains no margarin
proper, but olein, palmitin, and stearin, a mixture of palmitin and
stearin having formerly been called margarin by mistake.

OLEOMETER
O`le*om`e*ter, n. Etym: [L. oleum oil + -meter.] (Chem.)

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the weight and purity of oil; an
elaiometer.

OLEONE
O"le*one, n. Etym: [L. oleum + -one, 1.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oily liquid, obtained by distillation of calcium oleate, and
probably consisting of the ketone of oleic acid.

OLEO OIL
O`le*o oil.

Defn: An oil expressed from certain animal fats (esp. beef suet), the
greater portion of the solid fat, or stearin, being left behind. It
is mixture of olein, palmitin, and a little stearin.

OLEOPTENE
O`le*op"tene, n. Etym: [L. oleum oil + Cr. (Chem.)

Defn: See Eleoptene. [R.]

OLEORESIN
O`le*o*res"in, n. Etym: [L.oleum oil + E. resin.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A natural mixture of a terebinthinate oil and a resin.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A liquid or semiliquid preparation extracted (as from capsicum,
cubebs, or ginger) by means of ether, and consisting of fixed or
volatile oil holding resin in solution.
 -- O`le*o*res"in*ous, a.

OLEOSE; OLEOUS
O"le*ose`, O"le*ous, a. Etym: [L. oleosus, fr. oleum oil.]

Defn: Oily. [R.] Ray. Floyer.

OLEOSITY
O`le*os"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being oily or fat; fatness. [R.] B.
Jonson.

OLERACEOUS
Ol`er*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. oleraceus, from olus, oleris, garden or
pot herbs, vegetables.]

Defn: Pertaining to pot herbs; of the nature or having the qualities
of herbs for cookery; esculent. Sir T. Browne.

OLF
Olf, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European bullfinch. [Prov.Eng.]

OLFACTION
Ol*fac"tion, n. Etym: [See Olfactory.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The sense by which the impressions made on the olfactory organs
by the odorous particles in the atmosphere are perceived.

OLFACTIVE
Ol*fac"tive, a.

Defn: See Olfactory, a.

OLFACTOR
Ol*fac"tor, n.

Defn: A smelling organ; a nose. [R.]

OLFACTORY
Ol*fac"to*ry, a. Etym: [L. olfactus, p.p. of olfacere to smell; olere
to have a smell + facere to make. See Odor, and Fact.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or connected with, the sense of smell; as,
the olfactory nerves; the olfactory cells. Olfactory organ (Anat.),
an organ for smelling. In vertebrates the olfactory organs are more
or less complicated sacs, situated in the front part of the head and
lined with epithelium innervated by the olfactory (or first cranial)
nerves, and sensitive to odoriferous particles conveyed to it in the
air or in water.

OLFACTORY
Ol*fac"to*ry, n.; pl. Olfactories (.

Defn: An olfactory organ; also, the sense of smell; -- usually in the
plural.

OLIBAN
Ol"i*ban, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Olibanum.

OLIBANUM
O*lib"a*num, n. Etym: [LL., fr. Ar. al-luban frankincense; cf.Gr.

Defn: The fragrant gum resin of various species of Boswellia;
Oriental frankincense.

OLIBENE
Ol"i*bene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless mobile liquid of a pleasant aromatic odor obtained
by the distillation of olibanum, or frankincense, and regarded as a
terpene; -- called also conimene.

OLID; OLIDOUS
Ol"id, Ol"i*dous, a. Etym: [L. olidus, fr. olere to smell.]

Defn: Having a strong, disagreeable smell; fetid. [Obs.] Boyle. Sir
T. Browne.

OLIFANT
Ol"i*fant, n. Etym: [OF.]

1. An elephant. [Obs.]

2. An ancient horn, made of ivory.

OLIGANDROUS
Ol`i*gan"drous, a. Etym: [Oligo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having few stamens.

OLIGANTHOUS
Ol`i*gan"thous, a. Etym: [Oligo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having few flowers.

OLIGARCH
Ol`i*garch, n.

Defn: A member of an oligarchy; one of the rulers in an oligarchical
government.

OLIGARCHAL
Ol`i*gar"chal, a.

Defn: Oligarchic. Glover.

OLIGARCHIC; OLIGARCHICAL
Ol`i*gar"chic, Ol`i*gar"chic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. oligarchique. See
Oligarchy.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to oligarchy, or government by a few.
"Oligarchical exiles." Jowett (Thucyd. ).

OLIGARCHIST
Ol"i*gar`chist, n.

Defn: An advocate or supporter of oligarchy.

OLIGARCHY
Ol"i*gar"chy, n.; pl. Oligarchies. Etym: [Gr. oligarchie.]

Defn: A form of government in which the supreme power is placed in
the hands of a few persons; also, those who form the ruling few.
All oligarchies, wherein a few men domineer, do what they list.
Burton.

OLIGIST
Ol"i*gist, n. Etym: [See Oligist, a.] (Min.)

Defn: Hematite or specular iron ore; -- prob. so called in allusion
to its feeble magnetism, as compared with magnetite.

OLIGIST; OLIGISTIC
Ol"i*gist, Ol`i*gis"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. oligiste.] (Min.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to hematite.

OLIGO-
Ol"i*go-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. few, little, small.

OLIGOCENE
Ol"i*go*cene, a. Etym: [Oligo- + Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, certain strata which occupy
an intermediate position between the Eocene and Miocene periods.
 -- n.

Defn: The Oligocene period. See the Chart of Geology.

OLIGOCHAETA
Ol`i*go*chæ"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Annelida which includes the earthworms and related
species.

OLIGOCHETE
Ol"i*go*chete, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Oligochæta.

OLIGOCLASE
Ol"i*go*clase, n. Etym: [Oligo- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A triclinic soda-lime feldspar. See Feldspar.

OLIGOMEROUS
Ol`i*gom"er*ous, a. Etym: [Oligo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having few members in each set of organs; as, an oligomerous
flower.

OLIGOMYOLD
Ol`i*go"my*old, a. Etym: [Oligo- + Gr. -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Having few or imperfect syringeal muscles; -- said of some
passerine birds (Oligomyodi).

OLIGOPETALOUS
Ol`i*go*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Oligo- + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having few petals.

OLIGOSEPALOUS
Ol`i*go*sep"al*ous, a. Etym: [Oligo- + sepal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having few sepals.

OLIGOSIDERITE
Ol`i*go*sid"er*ite, n. Etym: [Oligo- + siderite.] (Min.)

Defn: A meteorite characterized by the presence of but a small amount
of metallic iron.

OLIGOSPERMOUS
Ol`i*go*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Oligo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having few seeds.

OLIGOTOKOUS
Ol`i*got"o*kous, a. Etym: [Oligo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing few young.

OLIO
O"li*o, n. Etym: [Sp. olla a round earthen pot, a dish of boiled or
stewed meat, fr. L. olla a pot, dish. Cf. Olla, Olla-podrida.]

1. A dish of stewed meat of different kinds. [Obs.]
Besides a good olio, the dishes were trifling. Evelyn.

2. A mixture; a medley. Dryden.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A collection of miscellaneous pieces.

OLITORY
Ol"i*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. olitorius belonging to a kitchen gardener,
or to vegetables, fr. olitor a kitchen gardener, fr. olus, oleris,
vegetables.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or produced in, a kitchen garden; used for
kitchen purposes; as, olitory seeds.
At convenient distance towards the olitory garden. Evelyn.

OLIVA
O*li"va, n. Etym: [L. an olive.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of polished marine gastropod shells, chiefly tropical,
and often beautifully colored.

OLIVACEOUS
Ol`i*va"ceous, a. Etym: [L. oliva olive.]

Defn: Resembling the olive; of the color of the olive; olive-green.

OLIVARY
Ol"i*va*ry, a. Etym: [L. olivarius belonging to olives, fr. oliva an
olive: cf. F. olivaire.] (Anat.)

Defn: Like an olive. Olivary body (Anat.), an oval prominence on each
side of the medulla oblongata; -- called also olive.

OLIVASTER
Ol`i*vas"ter, a. Etym: [L. oliva olive: cf.F. olivâtre.]

Defn: Of the color of the olive; tawny. Sir T. Herbert.

OLIVE
Ol"ive, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. oliva, akin to Gr. Oil.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) A tree (Olea Europæa) with small oblong or elliptical leaves,
axillary clusters of flowers, and oval, one-seeded drupes. The tree
has been cultivated for its fruit for thousands of years, and its
branches are the emblems of peace. The wood is yellowish brown and
beautifully variegated.
(b) The fruit of the olive. It has been much improved by cultivation,
and is used for making pickles. Olive oil is pressed from its flesh.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any shell of the genus Oliva and allied genera; -- so called from
the form. See Oliva.
(b) The oyster catcher. [Prov.Eng.]

3.
(a) The color of the olive, a peculiar dark brownish, yellowish, or
tawny green.
(b) One of the tertiary colors, composed of violet and green mixed in
equal strength and proportion.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: An olivary body. See under Olivary.

5. (Cookery)

Defn: A small slice of meat seasoned, rolled up, and cooked; as,
olives of beef or veal.

Note: Olive is sometimes used adjectively and in the formation of
self-explaining compounds; as, olive brown, olive green, olive-
colored, olive-skinned, olive crown, olive garden, olive tree, olive
yard, etc. Bohemian olive (Bot.), a species of Elæagnus (E.
angustifolia), the flowers of which are sometimes used in Southern
Europe as a remedy for fevers.
 -- Olive branch. (a) A branch of the olive tree, considered an
emblem of peace. (b) Fig.: A child.
 -- Olive brown, brown with a tinge of green.
 -- Olive green, a dark brownish green, like the color of the olive.
 -- Olive oil, an oil expressed from the ripe fruit of the olive, and
much used as a salad oil, also in medicine and the arts.
 -- Olive ore (Min.), olivenite.
 -- Wild olive (Bot.), a name given to the oleaster or wild stock of
the olive; also variously to several trees more or less resembling
the olive.

OLIVE
Ol"ive, a.

Defn: Approaching the color of the olive; of a peculiar dark
brownish, yellowish, or tawny green.

OLIVED
Ol"ived, a.

Defn: Decorated or furnished with olive trees. [R.] T. Warton.

OLIVENITE
O*liv"en*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: An olive-green mineral, a hydrous arseniate of copper; olive
ore.

OLIVER
Ol"i*ver, n.

1. Etym: [OF. oliviere.]

Defn: An olive grove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Etym: [F. olivier.]

Defn: An olive tree. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OLIVER
Ol"i*ver, n.

Defn: A small tilt hammer, worked by the foot.

OLIVERIAN
Ol`i*ve"ri*an, n. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: An adherent of Oliver Cromwell. Macaulay.

OLIVEWOOD
Ol`ive*wood", n. (Bot.)
(a) The wood of the olive.
(b) An Australian name given to the hard white wood of certain trees
of the genus Elæodendron, and also to the trees themselves.

OLIVIL
Ol`i*vil, n. Etym: [Cf. F. olivile.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance, obtained from an exudation from
the olive, and having a bitter-sweet taste and acid proporties.
[Written also olivile.] Gregory.

OLIVIN
Ol"i*vin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A complex bitter gum, found on the leaves of the olive tree; --
called also olivite.

OLIVINE
Ol"i*vine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. olivine.] (Min.)

Defn: A common name of the yellowish green mineral chrysolite, esp.
the variety found in eruptive rocks.

OLIVITE
Ol"i*vite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Olivin.

OLLA
Ol"la, n. Etym: [See Olio.]

1. A pot or jar having a wide mouth; a cinerary urn, especially one
of baked clay.

2. A dish of stewed meat; an olio; an olla-podrida.

OLLA-PODRIDA
Ol`la-po*dri"da, n. Etym: [Sp., lit., a rotten pot. See Olio.]

1. A favorite Spanish dish, consisting of a mixture of several kinds
of meat chopped fine, and stewed with vegetables.

2. Any incongruous mixture or miscellaneous collection; an olio. B.
Jonson.

OLOGY
Ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [See -logy.]

Defn: A colloquial or humorous name for any science or branch of
knowledge.
He had a smattering of mechanics, of physiology, geology, mineralogy,
and all other ologies whatsoever. De Quincey.

OLPE
Ol"pe, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Originally, a leather flask or vessel for oils or liquids;
afterward, an earthenware vase or pitcher without a spout.

OLUSATRUM
O*lu"sa*trum, n. Etym: [L. holusatrum, olusatrum; olus garden herb +
ater black.] (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant, the common Alexanders of Western Europe
(Smyrnium Olusatrum).

OLYMPIAD
O*lym"pi*ad, n. Etym: [L. olympias, -adis, Gr. olympiade.] (Greek
Antig.)

Defn: A period of four years, by which the ancient Greeks reckoned
time, being the interval from one celebration of the Olympic games to
another, beginning with the victory of Coroebus in the foot race,
which took place in the year 776 b.c.; as, the era of the olympiads.

OLYMPIAN; OLYMPIC
O*lym"pi*an, O*lym"pic, a. Etym: [L. Olympius, Olympicus, Gr.
olympique. See Olympiad.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Olympus, a mountain of Thessaly, fabled as
the seat of the gods, or to Olympia, a small plain in Elis. Olympic
games, or Olympics (Greek Antiq.), the greatest of the national
festivals of the ancient Greeks, consisting of athletic games and
races, dedicated to Olympian Zeus, celebrated once in four years at
Olympia, and continuing five days.

OLYMPIANISM
O*lym"pi*an*ism, n.

Defn: Worship of the Olympian gods, esp. as a dominant cult or
religion.

OLYMPIC GAMES; OLYMPIAN GAMES
O*lym"pic, or O*lym"pi*an, games .

Defn: A modified revival of the ancient Olympian games, consisting of
international athletic games, races, etc., now held once in four
years, the first having been at Athens in 1896.

OLYMPIONIC
O*lym`pi*on"ic, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An ode in honor of a victor in the Olympic games. [R.] Johnson.

OM
Om, interj. & n. [Also Aum, Um.] [Skr. om.]

Defn: A mystic syllable or ejaculation used by Hindus and Buddhists
in religious rites, -- orig. among the Hindus an exclamation of
assent, like Amen, then an invocation, and later a symbol of the
trinity formed by Vishnu, Siva, and Brahma. -- Om mani padme hun, a
sacred formula of buddhism (esp. of the Lamaists) translated "O, the
Jewel in the Lotus, Amen," and referring to Amitabha, who is commonly
represented as standing or sitting within a lotus.

-OMA
-o"ma. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A suffix used in medical terms to denote a morbid condition of
some part, usually some kind of tumor; as in fibroma, glaucoma.

OMAGRA
Om"a*gra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Gout in the shoulder.

OMAHAS
O"ma*has", n. pl.; sing. Omaha (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians who inhabited the south side of the Missouri
River. They are now partly civilized and occupy a reservation in
Nebraska.

OMANDER WOOD
O*man"der wood`. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.)

Defn: The wood of Diospyros ebenaster, a kind of ebony found in
Ceylon.

OMASUM
O*ma"sum, n. Etym: [L.] (Anat.)

Defn: The third division of the stomach of ruminants. See Manyplies,
and Illust. under Ruminant.

OMBER; OMBRE
Om"ber, Om"bre, n. Etym: [F. hombre, fr. Sp. hombre, lit., a man, fr.
L. homo. See Human.]

Defn: A game at cards, borrowed from the Spaniards, and usually
played by three persons. Pope.
When ombre calls, his hand and heart are free, And, joined to two, he
fails not to make three. Young.

OMBRE
Om"bre, n. Etym: [F., of uncertain origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large Mediterranean food fish (Umbrina cirrhosa): -- called
also umbra, and umbrine.

OMBROMETER
Om*brom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. ombrométre.] (Meteorol.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the rain that falls; a rain gauge.

OMEGA
O*me"ga, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Mickle.]

1. The last letter of the Greek alphabet. See Alpha.

2. The last; the end; hence, death.
"Omega! thou art Lord," they said. Tennyson.
Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending; hence, the chief, the
whole. Rev. i. 8.
The alpha and omega of science. Sir J. Herschel.

OMEGOID
O*me"goid, a. Etym: [Omega + -oid.]

Defn: Having the form of the Greek capital letter Omega (

OMELET
Om"e*let, n. Etym: [F. omelette, OF. amelette, alumete, alumelle,
perh. fr. L. lamella. Cf. Lamella.]

Defn: Eggs beaten up with a little flour, etc., and cooked in a
frying pan; as, a plain omelet.

OMEN
O"men, n. Etym: [L. omen, the original form being osmen, according to
Varro.]

Defn: An occurrence supposed to portend, or show the character of,
some future event; any indication or action regarded as a
foreshowing; a foreboding; a presage; an augury.
Bid go with evil omen, and the brand Of infamy upon my name. Milton.

OMEN
O"men, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Omened; p. pr. & vb. n. Omening.]

Defn: To divine or to foreshow by signs or portents; to have omens or
premonitions regarding; to predict; to augur; as, to omen ill of an
enterprise.
The yet unknown verdict, of which, however, all omened the tragical
contents. Sir W. Scott.

OMENED
O"mened, a.

Defn: Attended by, or containing, an omen or omens; as, happy-omened
day.

OMENTAL
O*men"tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an omentum or the omenta.

OMENTUM
O*men"tum, n.; pl. Omenta. Etym: [L.] (Anat.)

Defn: A free fold of the peritoneum, or one serving to connect
viscera, support blood vessels, etc.; an epiploön.

Note: The great, or gastrocolic, omentum forms, in most mammals, a
great sac, which is attached to the stomach and transverse colon, is
loaded with fat, and covers more or less of the intestines; the caul.
The lesser, or gastrohepatic, omentum connects the stomach and liver
and contains the hepatic vessels. The gastrosplenic omentum, or
ligament, connects the stomach and spleen.

OMER
O"mer, n. Etym: [Cf. Homer.]

Defn: A Hebrew measure, the tenth of an ephah. See Ephah. Ex. xvi.
36.

OMICRON
O*mi"cron, n. [Written also omikron.] [NL., fr. Gr. O o. See Micro-.]

Defn: Lit., the little, or short, O, o; the fifteenth letter of the
Greek alphabet.

OMILETICAL
Om`i*let"ic*al, a.

Defn: Homiletical. [Obs.]

OMINATE
Om"i*nate, v. t. & i. Etym: [L. ominatus, p.p. of ominari to presage,
fr. omen.]

Defn: To presage; to foreshow; to foretoken. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

OMINATION
Om`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. ominatio.]

Defn: The act of ominating; presaging. [Obs.] Fuller.

OMINOUS
Om"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. ominosus, fr. omen. See Omen.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an omen or to omens; being or exhibiting an
omen; significant; portentous; -- formerly used both in a favorable
and unfavorable sense; now chiefly in the latter; foreboding or
foreshowing evil; inauspicious; as, an ominous dread.
He had a good ominous name to have made a peace. Bacon.
In the heathen worship of God, a sacrifice without a heart was
accounted ominous. South.
-- Om"i*nous*ly, adv.
 -- Om"i*nous*ness, n.

OMISSIBLE
O*mis"si*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being omitted; that may be omitted.

OMISSION
O*mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. omissio: cf. F. omission. See Omit.]

1. The act of omitting; neglect or failure to do something required
by propriety or duty.
The most natural division of all offenses is into those of omission
and those of commission. Addison.

2. That which is omitted or is left undone.

OMISSIVE
O*mis"sive, a. Etym: [See Omit.]

Defn: Leaving out; omitting. Bp. Hall.
 -- O*mis"sive*ly, adv.

OMIT
O*mit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Omitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Omitting.] Etym:
[L. omittere, omissum; ob (see Ob- + mittere to cause to go, let go,
send. See Mission.]

1. To let go; to leave unmentioned; not to insert or name; to drop.
These personal comparisons I omit. Bacon.

2. To pass by; to forbear or fail to perform or to make use of; to
leave undone; to neglect.
Her father omitted nothing in her education that might make her the
most accomplished woman of her age. Addison.

OMITTANCE
O*mit"tance, n.

Defn: The act of omitting, or the state of being omitted;
forbearance; neglect. Shak.

OMITTER
O*mit"ter, n.

Defn: One who omits. Fuller.

OMMATEAL
Om`ma*te"al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an ommateum.

OMMATEUM
Om`ma*te"um, n.; pl. Ommatea. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A compound eye, as of insects and crustaceans.

OMMATIDIUM
Om`ma*tid"i*um, n.; pl. Ommatidia. Etym: [NL., dim. of Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the single eyes forming the compound eyes of
crustaceans, insects, and other invertebrates.

OMNI-
Om"ni-. Etym: [L. omnis all.]

Defn: A combining form denoting all, every, everywhere; as in
omnipotent, all-powerful; omnipresent.

OMNIBUS
Om"ni*bus, n. Etym: [L., for all, dat. pl. from omnis all. Cf. Bus.]

1. A long four-wheeled carriage, having seats for many people;
especially, one with seats running lengthwise, used in conveying
passengers short distances.

2. (Glass Making)

Defn: A sheet-iron cover for articles in a leer or annealing arch, to
protect them from drafts. Omnibus bill, a legislative bill which
provides for a number of miscellaneous enactments or appropriations.
[Parliamentary Cant, U.S.] -- Omnibus box, a large box in a theater,
on a level with the stage and having communication with it. [Eng.]
Thackeray.

OMNICORPOREAL
Om`ni*cor*po"re*al, a. Etym: [Omni- + corporeal.]

Defn: Comprehending or including all bodies; embracing all substance.
[R.] Cudworth.

OMNIETY
Om*ni"e*ty, n.

Defn: That which is all-pervading or all-comprehensive; hence, the
Deity. [R.]
Omniety formed nullity into an essence. Sir T. Browne.

OMNIFARIOUS
Om`ni*fa"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. omnifarius; omnis all + -farius. Cf.
Bifarious.]

Defn: Of all varieties, forms, or kinds. "Omnifarious learning."
Coleridge.

OMNIFEROUS
Om*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. omnifer; omnis all + ferre to bear.]

Defn: All-bearing; producing all kinds.

OMNIFIC
Om*nif"ic, a. Etym: [Omni- + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make.]

Defn: All-creating. "The omnific word." Milton.

OMNIFORM
Om"ni*form, a. Etym: [L. omniformis; omnis all + forma form: cf. F.
omniforme.]

Defn: Having every form or shape. Berkeley.

OMNIFORMITY
Om`ni*for"mi*ty, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of having every form. Dr. H. More.

OMNIFY
Om"ni*fy, v. t. Etym: [Omni- + -fy.]

Defn: To render universal; to enlarge. [R.]
Omnify the disputed point into a transcendent, and you may defy the
opponent to lay hold of it. Coleridge.

OMNIGENOUS
Om*nig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. omniqenus; omnis all + genus kind.]

Defn: Consisting of all kinds. [R.]

OMNIGRAPH
Om"ni*graph, n. Etym: [Omni- + -graph.]

Defn: A pantograph. [R.]

OMNIPARIENT
Om`ni*pa"ri*ent, a. Etym: [L. omniparens all-producing; omnis all +
parere to bring forth.]

Defn: Producing or bringing forth all things; all-producing. [R.]

OMNIPARITY
Om`ni*par"i*ty, n. Etym: [Omni- + -parity.]

Defn: Equality in every part; general equality.

OMNIPAROUS
Om*nip"a*rous, a. Etym: [See Omniparient.]

Defn: Producing all things; omniparient.

OMNIPATIENT
Om`ni*pa"tient, a. Etym: [Omni- + patient.]

Defn: Capable of enduring all things. [R.] Carlyle.

OMNIPERCIPIENCE; OMNIPERCIPIENCY
Om`ni*per*cip"i*ence, Om`ni*per*cip"i*en*cy, n.

Defn: Perception of everything.

OMNIPERCIPIENT
Om`ni*per*cip"i*ent, a. Etym: [Omni- + percipient.]

Defn: Perceiving everything. Dr. H. More.

OMNIPOTENCE; OMNIPOTENCY
Om*nip"o*tence, Om*nip"o*ten*cy, n. Etym: [L. omnipotentia: cf.F.
omnipotence.]

1. The state of being omnipotent; almighty power; hence, one who is
omnipotent; the Deity.
Will Omnipotence neglect to save The suffering virtue of the wise and
brave Pope.

2. Unlimited power of a particular kind; as, love's omnipotence.
Denham.

OMNIPOTENT
Om*nip"o*tent, a. Etym: [F., fr.L. omnipotens, -entis; omnis all +
potens powerful, potent. See Potent.]

1. Able in every respect and for every work; unlimited in ability;
all-powerful; almighty; as, the Being that can create worlds must be
omnipotent.
God's will and pleasure and his omnipotent power. Sir T. More.

2. Having unlimited power of a particular kind; as, omnipotent love.
Shak.
The Omnipotent, The Almighty; God. Milton.

OMNIPOTENTLY
Om*nip"o*tent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an omnipotent manner.

OMNIPRESENCE
Om`ni*pres"ence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. omniprésence.]

Defn: Presence in every place at the same time; unbounded or
universal presence; ubiquity.
His omnipresence fills Land, sea, and air, and every kind that lives.
Milton.

OMNIPRESENCY
Om`ni*pres"en*cy, n.

Defn: Omnipresence. [Obs.]

OMNIPRESENT
Om`ni*pres"ent, a. Etym: [Omni- + present: cf.F. omniprésent.]

Defn: Present in all places at the same time; ubiquitous; as, the
omnipresent Jehovah. Prior.

OMNIPRESENTIAL
Om`ni*pre*sen"tial, a.

Defn: Implying universal presence. [R.] South.

OMNIPREVALENT
Om`ni*prev"a*lent, a. Etym: [Omni- + prevalent.]

Defn: Prevalent everywhere or in all things. Fuller.

OMNISCIENCE
Om*nis"cience, n. Etym: [Cf. F. omniscience.]

Defn: The quality or state of being omniscient; -- an attribute
peculiar to God. Dryden.

OMNISCIENCY
Om*nis"cien*cy, n.

Defn: Omniscience.

OMNISCIENT
Om*nis"cient, a. Etym: [Omni- + L. sciens, -entis, p. pr. of scire to
know: cf. F. omniscient. See Science.]

Defn: Having universal knowledge; knowing all things; infinitely
knowing or wise; as, the omniscient God.
 -- Om*nis"cient*ly, adv.
For what can scape the eye Of God all-seeing, or deceive his heart
Omniscient Milton.

OMNISCIOUS
Om*nis"cious, a. Etym: [L. omniscius. See Omniscient.]

Defn: All-knowing. [Obs.] Hakewill.

OMNISPECTIVE
Om`ni*spec"tive, a. Etym: [Omni- + L. spectus, p.p. of specere,
spicere, to view.]

Defn: Beholding everything; capable of seeing all things; all-seeing.
[R.] "Omnispective Power!" Boyse.

OMNIUM
Om"ni*um, n. Etym: [L., of all, gen. pl. of omnis all.] (Eng.Stock
Exchange)

Defn: The aggregate value of the different stocks in which a loan to
government is now usually funded. M'Culloch.

OMNIUM-GATHERUM
Om`ni*um-gath"er*um, n. Etym: [A macaronic compound of L. omnium,
gen.pl. of omnis all, and E. gather.]

Defn: A miscellaneous collection of things or persons; a confused
mixture; a medley. [Colloq. & Humorous] Selden.

OMNIVAGANT
Om*niv"a*gant, a. Etym: [Omni + L. vagans, p.pr. of vagari to
wander.]

Defn: Wandering anywhere and everywhere. [R.]

OMNIVORA
Om*niv"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Omnivorous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of ungulate mammals including the hog and the
hippopotamus. The term is also sometimes applied to the bears, and to
certain passerine birds.

OMNIVOROUS
Om*niv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. omnivorus; omnis all + vorate to eat
greedily. See Voracious.]

Defn: All-devouring; eating everything indiscriminately; as,
omnivorous vanity; esp. (Zoöl.), eating both animal and vegetable
food.
 -- Om*niv"o*rous*ness, n.

OMO-
O"mo-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with,
or relation to, the shoulder or the scapula.

OMOHYOID
O`mo*hy"oid, a. Etym: [Omo- + hyoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the shoulder and the hyoid bone; as, the
omohyoid muscle.

OMOPHAGIC
O"mo*phag"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Eating raw flesh; using uncooked meat as food; as, omophagic
feasts, rites.

OMOPLATE
Om"o*plate, n. Etym: [F., from Gr. Omo-, and Plate.] (Anat.)

Defn: The shoulder blade, or scapula.

OMOSTEGITE
O*mos"te*gite, n. Etym: [Omo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The part of the carapace of a crustacean situated behind the
cervical groove.

OMOSTERNAL
O`mo*ster"nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the omosternum.

OMOSTERNUM
O`mo*ster"num, n. Etym: [Omo- + sternum.] (Anat.)
(a) The anterior element of the sternum which projects forward from
between the clavicles in many batrachians and is usually tipped with
cartilage.
(b) In many mammals, an interarticular cartilage, or bone, between
the sternum and the clavicle.

OMPHACINE
Om"pha*cine, a. Etym: [Gr. omphacin.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or expressed from, unripe fruit; as,
omphacine oil.

OMPHALIC
Om*phal"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Navel.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the umbilicus, or navel.

OMPHALO-
Om"pha*lo-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form indicating connection with, or relation to,
the umbilicus, or navel.

OMPHALOCELE
Om"pha*lo*cele`, n. Etym: [Gr. omphalocéle.] (Med.)

Defn: A hernia at the navel.

OMPHALODE
Om"pha*lode, n. Etym: [Omphalo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The central part of the hilum of a seed, through which the
nutrient vessels pass into the rhaphe or the chalaza; -- called also
omphalodium.

OMPHALOMANCY
Om"pha*lo*man"cy, n. Etym: [Omphalo- + -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by means of a child's navel, to learn how many
children the mother may have. Crabb.

OMPHALOMESARAIC
Om`pha*lo*mes`a*ra"ic, a. Etym: [Omphalo- + mesaraic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Omphalomesenteric.

OMPHALOMESENTERIC
Om`pha*lo*mes`en*ter"ic, a. Etym: [Omphalo- + mesenteric.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the umbilicus and mesentery;
omphalomesaraic; as, the omphalomesenteric arteries and veins of a
fetus.

OMPHALOPSYCHITE
Om`pha*lop"sy*chite, n. Etym: [Omphalo- + Gr. omphalopsyque.]
(Eccl.Hist.)

Defn: A name of the Hesychasts, from their habit of gazing upon the
navel.

OMPHALOPTER; OMPHALOPTIC
Om`pha*lop"ter, Om`pha*lop"tic, n. Etym: [Gr. omphaloptre.]

Defn: An optical glass that is convex on both sides. [Obs.] Hutton.

OMPHALOS
Om"pha*los, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The navel.

OMPHALOTOMY
Om`pha*lot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. omphalotomie.] (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of dividing the navel-string.

OMY
O"my, a.

Defn: Mellow, as land. [Prov.Eng.] Ray.

ON
On, prep. Etym: [OE. on, an, o, a, AS. on, an; akin to D. aan, OS. &
G. an, OHG. ana, Icel. a, Sw. ana, Russ. na, L. an-, in anhelare to
pant, Gr. ana. sq. root195. Cf. A-, 1, Ana-, Anon.]

Defn: The general signification of on is situation, motion, or
condition with respect to contact or support beneath; as: --

1. At, or in contact with, the surface or upper part of a thing, and
supported by it; placed or lying in contact with the surface; as, the
book lies on the table, which stands on the floor of a house on an
island.
I stood on the bridge at midnight. Longfellow.

2. To or against the surface of; -- used to indicate the motion of a
thing as coming or falling to the surface of another; as, rain falls
on the earth.
Whosoever shall fall on this stone shall be broken. Matt. xxi. 44.

3. Denoting performance or action by contact with the surface, upper
part, or outside of anything; hence, by means of; with; as, to play
on a violin or piano. Hence, figuratively, to work on one's feelings;
to make an impression on the mind.

4. At or near; adjacent to; -- indicating situation, place, or
position; as, on the one hand, on the other hand; the fleet is on the
American coast.

5. In addition to; besides; -- indicating multiplication or
succession in a series; as, heaps on heaps; mischief on mischief;
loss on loss; thought on thought. Shak.

6. Indicating dependence or reliance; with confidence in; as, to
depend on a person for assistance; to rely on; hence, indicating the
ground or support of anything; as, he will promise on certain
conditions; to bet on a horse.

7. At or in the time of; during; as, on Sunday we abstain from labor.
See At (synonym).

8. At the time of, conveying some notion of cause or motive; as, on
public occasions, the officers appear in full dress or uniform.
Hence, in consequence of, or following; as, on the ratification of
the treaty, the armies were disbanded.

9. Toward; for; -- indicating the object of some passion; as, have
pity or compassion on him.

10. At the peril of, or for the safety of. "Hence, on thy life."
Dryden.

11. By virtue of; with the pledge of; -- denoting a pledge or
engagement, and put before the thing pledged; as, he affirmed or
promised on his word, or on his honor.

12. To the account of; -- denoting imprecation or invocation, or
coming to, falling, or resting upon; as, on us be all the blame; a
curse on him.
His blood be on us and on our children. Matt. xxvii. 25.

13. In reference or relation to; as, on our part expect punctuality;
a satire on society.

14. Of. [Obs.] "Be not jealous on me." Shak.
Or have we eaten on the insane root That takes the reason prisoner
Shak.

Note: Instances of this usage are common in our older writers, and
are sometimes now heard in illiterate speech.

15. Occupied with; in the performance of; as, only three officers are
on duty; on a journey.

16. In the service of; connected with; of the number of; as, he is on
a newspaper; on a committee.

Note: On and upon are in general interchangeable. In some
applications upon is more euphonious, and is therefore to be
preferred; but in most cases on is preferable. On a bowline. (Naut.)
Same as Closehauled.
 -- On a wind, or On the wind (Naut.), sailing closehauled.
 -- On a sudden. See under Sudden.
 -- On board, On draught, On fire, etc. See under Board, Draught,
Fire, etc.
 -- On it, On't, of it. [Obs. or Colloq.] Shak.
 -- On shore, on land; to the shore.
 -- On the road, On the way, On the wing, etc. See under Road, Way,
etc.
 -- On to, upon; on; to; -- sometimes written as one word, onto, and
usually called a colloquialism; but it may be regarded in analogy
with into.
They have added the -en plural form on to an elder plural. Earle.
We see the strength of the new movement in the new class of
ecclesiastics whom it forced on to the stage. J. R. Green.

ON
On, adv. Etym: [See On, prep.]

1. Forward, in progression; onward; -- usually with a verb of motion;
as, move on; go on. "Time glides on." Macaulay.
The path is smooth that leadeth on to danger. Shak.

2. Forward, in succession; as, from father to son, from the son to
the grandson, and so on.

3. In continuance; without interruption or ceasing; as, sleep on,
take your ease; say on; sing on.

4. Adhering; not off; as in the phrase, "He is neither on nor off,"
that is, he is not steady, he is irresolute.

5. Attached to the body, as clothing or ornament, or for use. "I have
boots on." B. Gonson.
He put on righteousness as a breastplate. Is. lix. 17.

6. In progress; proceeding; as, a game is on.

Note: On is sometimes used as an exclamation, or a command to move or
proceed, some verb being understood; as, on, comrades; that is, go
on, move on. On and on, continuously; for a long time together.
"Toiling on and on and on." Longfellow.

ONAGER
On"a*ger, n.; pl. L. Onagri, E. Onagers. Etym: [L. onager, onagrus,
Gr.

1. (Rom.Antiq.)

Defn: A military engine acting like a sling, which threw stones from
a bag or wooden bucket, and was operated by machinery. Fairholt.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wild ass, especially the koulan.

ONAGGA
O*nag"ga, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dauw.

ONAGRACEOUS; ONAGRARIEOUS
On`a*gra"ceous, On`a*gra*ri"e*ous, a. Etym: [From NL. Onagra an old
scientific name of the evening primrose (Enothera), fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants
(Onagraceæ or Onagrarieæ), which includes the fuchsia, the willow-
herb (Epilobium), and the evening primrose ().

ONANISM
O"nan*ism, n. Etym: [Onan (Gen. xxxviii. 9): cf. F. onanisme.]

Defn: Self-pollution; masturbation.

ONAPPO
O*nap"po, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A nocturnal South American monkey (Callithrix discolor), noted
for its agility; -- called also ventriloquist monkey.

ONCE
Once, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ounce.

ONCE
Once, adv. Etym: [OE. ones, anes, an adverbial form fr. one, on, an,
one. See One-, -Wards.]

1. By limitation to the number one; for one time; not twice nor any
number of times more than one.
Ye shall . . . go round about the city once. Josh. vi. 3.
Trees that bear mast are fruitful but once in two years. Bacon.

2. At some one period of time; -- used indefinitely.
My soul had once some foolish fondness for thee. Addison.
That court which we shall once govern. Bp. Hall.

3. At any one time; -- often nearly equivalent to ever, if ever, or
whenever; as, once kindled, it may not be quenched.
Wilt thou not be made clean When shall it once be Jer. xiii. 27.
To be once in doubt Is once to be resolved. Shak.

Note: Once is used as a noun when preceded by this or that; as, this
once, that once. It is also sometimes used elliptically, like an
adjective, for once-existing. "The once province of Britain." J. N.
Pomeroy.. At once. (a) At the same point of time; immediately;
without delay. "Stand not upon the order of your going, but go at
once." Shak. "I . . . withdrew at once and altogether." Jeffrey. (b)
At one and the same time; simultaneously; in one body; as, they all
moved at once.
 -- Once and again, once and once more; repeatedly. "A dove sent
forth once and again, to spy." Milton.

ONCIDIUM
On*cid"i*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tropical orchidaceous plants, the flower of one
species of which (O. Papilio) resembles a butterfly.

ONCOGRAPH
On"co*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for registering the changes observable with an
oncometer.

ONCOMETER
On*com"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the variations in size of the
internal organs of the body, as the kidney, spleen, etc.

ONCOST
On"cost`, n. (Accounting)

Defn: In cost accounting, expenditure which is involved in the
process of manufacture or the performance of work and which cannot be
charged directly to any particular article manufactured or work done
(as where different kinds of goods are produced), but must be
allocated so that each kind of goods or work shall bear its proper
share. [Brit.]

ONCOTOMY
On*cot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. oncotomie.] (Surg.)

Defn: The opening of an abscess, or the removal of a tumor, with a
cutting instrument. [Written also onkotomy.] Dunglison.

ONDE
Onde, n. Etym: [AS. anda malice, anger; akin to Icel. andi, önd,
breath.]

Defn: Hatred; fury; envy. [Obs.]

ON DIT
On` dit". Etym: [F.]

Defn: They say, or it is said.
 -- n.

Defn: A flying report; rumor; as, it is a mere on dit.

ONDOGRAM
On"do*gram, n. [F. onde wave, L. unda + -gram.] (Elec.)

Defn: The record of an ondograph.

ONDOGRAPH
On"do*graph, n. [F. onde wave, L. unda + -graph.] (Elec.)

Defn: An instrument for autographically recording the wave forms of
varying currents, esp. rapidly varying alternating currents.

ONDOMETER
On*dom"e*ter, n. [F. onde wave, L. unda + -mater.]

Defn: An electric wave meter.

ONDOYANT
On`do`yant", a. [F., p.pr. of ondoyer to undulate, fr. onde wave, L.
unda.] (Art)

Defn: Wavy; having the surface marked by waves or slightly depressed
furrows; as, ondoyant glass.

-ONE
-one. Etym: [From Gr. -w`nh, signifying, female descendant.] (Chem.)

Defn: A suffix indicating that the substance, in the name of which it
appears, is a ketone; as, acetone.

-ONE
-one.(Chem.)

Defn: A termination indicating that the hydrocarbon to the name of
which it is affixed belongs to the fourth series of hydrocarbons, or
the third series of unsaturated hydrocarbonsl as, nonone.

ONE
One, a. Etym: [OE. one, on, an, AS. än; akin to D. een, OS. ën,
OFries. ën, än, G. ein, Dan. een, Sw. en, Icel. einn, Goth. ains, W.
un, Ir. & Gael. aon, L. unus, earlier oinos, oenos, Gr. ëka. The same
word as the indefinite article a, an. sq. root 299. Cf. 2d A, 1st An,
Alone, Anon, Any, None, Nonce, Only, Onion, Unit.]

1. Being a single unit, or entire being or thing, and no more; not
multifold; single; individual.
The dream of Pharaoh is one. Gen. xli. 25.
O that we now had here But one ten thousand of those men in England.
Shak.

2. Denoting a person or thing conceived or spoken of indefinitely; a
certain. "I am the sister of one Claudio" [Shak.], that is, of a
certain man named Claudio.

3. Pointing out a contrast, or denoting a particular thing or person
different from some other specified; -- used as a correlative
adjective, with or without the.
From the one side of heaven unto the other. Deut. iv. 32.

4. Closely bound together; undivided; united; constituting a whole.
The church is therefore one, though the members may be many. Bp.
Pearson

5. Single in kind; the same; a common.
One plague was on you all, and on your lords. 1 Sam. vi. 4.

6. Single; inmarried. [Obs.]
Men may counsel a woman to be one. Chaucer.

Note: One is often used in forming compound words, the meaning of
which is obvious; as, one-armed, one-celled, one-eyed, one-handed,
one-hearted, one-horned, one-idead, one-leaved, one-masted, one-
ribbed, one-story, one-syllable, one-stringed, one-winged, etc. All
one, of the same or equal nature, or consequence; as, he says that it
is all one what course you take. Shak.
 -- One day. (a) On a certain day, not definitely specified,
referring to time past.
One day when Phoebe fair, With all her band, was following the chase.
Spenser.
(b) Referring to future time: At some uncertain day or period; some
day.
Well, I will marry one day. Shak.

ONE
One, n.

1. A single unit; as, one is the base of all numbers.

2. A symbol representing a unit, as 1, or i.

3. A single person or thing. "The shining ones." Bunyan. "Hence, with
your little ones." Shak.
He will hate the one, and love the other. Matt. vi. 24.
That we may sit, one on thy right hand, and the other on thy left
hand, in thy glory. Mark x. 37.
After one, after one fashion; alike. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- At one, in agreement or concord. See At one, in the Vocab.
 -- Ever in one, continually; perpetually; always. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- In one, in union; in a single whole.
 -- One and one, One by one, singly; one at a time; one after
another."Raising one by one the suppliant crew." Dryden.

ONE
One, indef. pron.

Defn: Any person, indefinitely; a person or body; as, what one would
have well done, one should do one's self.
It was well worth one's while. Hawthorne.
Against this sort of condemnation one must steel one's self as one
best can. G. Eliot.

Note: One is often used with some, any, no, each, every, such, a,
many a, another, the other, etc. It is sometimes joined with another,
to denote a reciprocal relation.
When any one heareth the word. Matt. xiii. 19.
She knew every one who was any one in the land of Bohemia. Compton
Reade.
The Peloponnesians and the Athenians fought against one another.
Jowett (Thucyd. ).
The gentry received one another. Thackeray.

ONE
One, v. t.

Defn: To cause to become one; to gather into a single whole; to
unite; to assimilite. [Obs.]
The rich folk that embraced and oned all their heart to treasure of
the world. Chaucer.

ONEBERRY
One"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The herb Paris. See Herb Paris, under Herb.

ONE-HAND
One"-hand`, a.

Defn: Employing one hand; as, the one-hand alphabet. See Dactylology.

ONE-HORSE
One"-horse`, a.

1. Drawn by one horse; having but a single horse; as, a one-horse
carriage.

2. Second-rate; inferior; small. [Slang, U.S.]

ONEIDAS
O*nei"das, n. pl.; sing. Oneida (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the region near Oneida
Lake in the State of New York, and forming part of the Five Nations.
Remnants of the tribe now live in New York, Canada, and Wisconsin.

ONEIROCRITIC
O*nei`ro*crit`ic, n. Etym: [Cf.F. oneirocritique. See Oneirocritic,
a.]

Defn: An interpreter of dreams. Bp. Warburton. Addison.

ONEIROCRITIC; ONEIROCRITICAL
O*nei`ro*crit`ic, O*nei`ro*crit`ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the interpretation of dreams. Addison.

ONEIROCRITICISM; ONEIROCRITICS
O*nei`ro*crit`i*cism, O*nei`ro*crit`ics, n.

Defn: The art of interpreting dreams.

ONEIROMANCY
O*nei"ro*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by means of dreams. De Quincey.

ONEIROSCOPIST
O`nei*ros"co*pist, n.

Defn: One who interprets dreams.

ONEIROSCOPY
O`nei*ros"co*py, n. Etym: [Gr. -scopy.]

Defn: The interpretation of dreams.

ONELINESS
One"li*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being one or single. [Obs.] Cudworth.

ONELY
One"ly, a.

Defn: See Only. [Obs.] Spenser.

ONEMENT
One"ment, n.

Defn: The state of being at one or reconciled. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

ONENESS
One"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being one; singleness in number; individuality;
unity.
Our God is one, or rather very oneness. Hooker.

ONERARY
On"er*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. onerarius, fr. onus, oneris, load, burden:
cf.F. onéraire.]

Defn: Fitted for, or carrying, a burden. Johnson.

ONERATE
On"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Onerated; p. pr. & vb. n. Onerating.]
Etym: [L. oneratus, p.p. pf onerare.]

Defn: To load; to burden. [Obs.] Becon.

ONERATION
On`er*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of loading. [Obs.]

ONEROUS
On"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. onerosus, fr. onus, oneris, a load, burden:
cf.F. onéreux.]

Defn: Burdensome; oppressive. "Too onerous a solicitude." I. Taylor.
Onerous cause (Scots Law), a good and legal consideration; -- opposed
to gratuitous.

ONEROUSLY
On"er*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an onerous manner.

ONES
Ones, adv.

Defn: Once. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ONESELF
One`self", pron.

Defn: A reflexive form of the indefinite pronoun one. Commonly writen
as two words, one's self.
One's self (or more properly oneself), is quite a modern form. In
Elizabethan English we find a man's self=one's self. Morris.

ONE-SIDED
One`-sid"ed, a.

1. Having one side only, or one side prominent; hence, limited to one
side; partial; unjust; unfair; as, a one-sided view or statement.
"Unguarded and one-sided language." T. Arnold.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing on one side of a stem; as, one-sided flowers.
 -- One`-sid"ed-ly, adv.
 -- One`-sid"ed*ness, n.

ONETHE
On*ethe", adv.

Defn: Scarcely. See Unnethe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ONGOING
On"go`ing, n.

Defn: The act of going forward; progress; (pl.) affairs; business;
current events.
The common ongoings of this our commonplace world, and everyday life.
Prof. Wilson.

ONGUENT
On"guent, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An unguent.

ON-HANGER
On"-hang`er, n.

Defn: A hanger-on.

ONION
On"ion, n. Etym: [F. ognon, fr. L. unio oneness, unity, a single
large pearl, an onion. See One, Union.] (Bot.)

Defn: A liliaceous plant of the genus Allium (A.cepa), having a
strong-flavored bulb and long hollow leaves; also, its bulbous root,
much used as an article of food. The name is often extended to other
species of the genus. Onion fish (Zoöl.), the grenadier.
 -- Onion fly (Zoöl.) a dipterous insect whose larva feeds upon the
onion; especially, Anthomyia ceparum and Ortalis flexa.
 -- Welsh onion. (Bot.) See Cibol.
 -- Wild onion (Bot.), a name given to several species of the genus
Allium.

ONIONSKIN
On"ion*skin`, n.  [Onion + skin.]

Defn: A kind of thin translucent paper with a glossy finish.

ONIROCRITIC
O*ni`ro*crit`ic, a.

Defn: See Oneirocritic.

ONLINESS
On"li*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being alone. [Obs.]

ONLOFT
On*loft", adv.

Defn: Aloft; above ground. [Obs.]
She kept her father's life onloft. Chaucer.

ON-LOOKER
On"-look`er, n.

Defn: A looker-on.

ON-LOOKING
On"-look`ing, a.

Defn: Looking on or forward.

ONLY
On"ly, a. Etym: [OE. only, anly, onlich, AS. anlic, i.e., onelike.
See One, and Like, a.]

1. One alone; single; as, the only man present; his only occupation.

2. Alone in its class; by itself; not associated with others of the
same class or kind; as, an only child.

3. Hence, figuratively: Alone, by reason of superiority; preëminent;
chief. "Motley's the only wear." Shak.

ONLY
On"ly, adv. Etym: [See Only, a.]

1. In one manner or degree; for one purpose alone; simply; merely;
barely.
And to be loved himself, needs only to be known. Dryden.

2. So and no otherwise; no other than; exclusively; solely; wholly.
"She being only wicked." Beau. & Fl.
Every imagination . . . of his heart was only evil. Gen. vi. 5.

3. Singly; without more; as, only-begotten.

4. Above all others; particularly. [Obs.]
His most only elected mistress. Marston.

ONLY
On"ly, conj.

Defn: Save or except (that); -- an adversative used elliptically with
or without that, and properly introducing a single fact or
consideration.
He might have seemed some secretary or clerk . . . only that his low,
flat, unadorned cap . . . indicated that he belonged to the city. Sir
W. Scott.

ONOCERIN
On`o*ce"rin, n. Etym: [NL. Ononis, the generic name of the plant + L.
cera wax.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline waxy substance extracted from the root of
the leguminous plant Ononis spinosa.

ONOLOGY
O*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: Foolish discourse. [R.]

ONOMANCY
On"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy. Cf. Nomancy.]

Defn: Divination by the letters of a name; nomancy. [R.] Camden.

ONOMANTIC; ONOMANTICAL
On`o*man"tic, On`o*man"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to onomancy. [R.]

ONOMASTIC
On`o*mas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Law)

Defn: Applied to a signature when the body of the instrument is in
another's handwriting. Burrill.

ONOMASTICON
On`o*mas"ti*con, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Onomastic.]

Defn: A collection of names and terms; a dictionary; specif., a
collection of Greek names, with explanatory notes, made by Julius
Pollux about A.D.180.

ONOMATECHNY
On"o*ma*tech`ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Prognostication by the letters of a name.

ONOMATOLOGIST
On`o*ma*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in the history of names. Southey.

ONOMATOLOGY
On`o*ma*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of names or of their classification.

ONOMATOPE
O*nom"a*tope, n. Etym: [See Onomatopoeia.]

Defn: An imitative word; an onomatopoetic word.

ONOMATOPOEIA
On`o*mat`o*poe"ia, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Philol.)

Defn: The formation of words in imitation of sounds; a figure of
speech in which the sound of a word is imitative of the sound of the
thing which the word represents; as, the buzz of bees; the hiss of a
goose; the crackle of fire.

Note: It has been maintained by some philologist that all primary
words, especially names, were formed by imitation of natural sounds.

ONOMATOPOEIC
On`o*mat`o*poe"ic, a.

Defn: Onomatopoetic. Whitney.

ONOMATOPOETIC
On`o*mat`o*po*et"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to onomatopoeia; characterized by
onomatopoeia; imitative; as, an onomatopoetic writer or word. Earle.

ONOMATOPY
On`o*mat"o*py, n.

Defn: Onomatopoeia.

ONOMOMANCY
O*nom"o*man`cy, n.

Defn: See Onomancy.

ONONDAGAS
On`on*da"gas, n. pl.; sing. Onondaga (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting what is now a part of
the State of New York. They were the central or head tribe of the
Five Nations.

ONRUSH
On"rush`, n.

Defn: A rushing onward.

ONSET
On"set`, n. Etym: [On + set.]

1. A rushing or setting upon; an attack; an assault; a storming;
especially, the assault of an army. Milton.
The onset and retire Of both your armies. Shak.
Who on that day the word of onset gave. Wordsworth.

2. A setting about; a beginning. [Obs.] Shak.
There is surely no greater wisdom than well to time the beginnings
and onsets of things. Bacon.

3. Anything set on, or added, as an ornament or as a useful
appendage. [Obs.] Johnson.

ONSET
On"set`, v. t.

1. To assault; to set upon. [Obs.]

2. To set about; to begin. [Obs.] Carew.

ONSLAUGHT
On"slaught`, n. Etym: [OE. on on + slaught, slaht, slaughter. See
Slaughter.]

1. An attack; an onset; esp., a furious or murderous attack or
assault.
By storm and onslaught to proceed. Hudibras.

2. A bloody fray or battle. [Scot.] Jamieson.

ONSTEAD
On"stead, n. Etym: [Possibly a corruption of homestead.]

Defn: A single farmhouse; a steading. [Prov.Eng. & Scot.] Grose.
Jamieson.

ONTO
On"to, prep. Etym: [On + to. Cf. Into.]

Defn: On the top of; upon; on. See On to, under On, prep.

ONTOGENESIS; ONTOGENY
On`to*gen"e*sis, On*tog"e*ny, n. Etym: [See Ontology, and Genesis.]
(Biol.)

Defn: The history of the individual development of an organism; the
history of the evolution of the germ; the development of an
individual organism, -- in distinction from phylogeny, or evolution
of the tribe. Called also henogenesis, henogeny.

ONTOGENETIC
On`to*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to ontogenesis; as, ontogenetic phenomena.
 -- On`to*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

ONTOGENIC
On`to*gen"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Ontogenetic.

ONTOLOGIC
On`to*log"ic, a.

Defn: Ontological.

ONTOLOGICAL
On`to*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ontologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to ontology.

ONTOLOGICALLY
On`*to*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ontological manner.

ONTOLOGIST
On*tol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf.F. ontologiste.]

Defn: One who is versed in or treats of ontology. Edin. Rev.

ONTOLOGY
On*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf.F. ontologie.]

Defn: That department of the science of metaphysics which
investigates and explains the nature and essential properties and
relations of all beings, as such, or the principles and causes of
being.

ONUS
O"nus, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A burden; an obligation. Onus probandi ( Etym: [L.], obligation
to furnish evidence to prove a thing; the burden of proof.

ONWARD
On"ward, a.

1. Moving in a forward direction; tending toward a contemplated or
desirable end; forward; as, an onward course, progress, etc.

2. Advanced in a forward direction or toward an end.
Within a while, Philoxenus came to see how onward the fruits were of
his friend's labor. Sir P. Sidney.

ONWARD
On"ward, adv.

Defn: Toward a point before or in front; forward; progressively; as,
to move onward.
Not one looks backward, onward still he goes. Pope.

ONWARDNESS
On"ward*ness, n.

Defn: Progress; advancement.

ONWARDS
On"wards, adv. Etym: [See -wards.]

Defn: Onward.

ONY
On"y, a.

Defn: Any. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ONYCHA
On"y*cha, n. Etym: [NL., from L. onyx, -ychis, onyx, also, a kind of
mussel, Gr. Onyx.]

1. An ingredient of the Mosaic incense, probably the operculum of
some kind of strombus. Ex. xxx. 34.

2. The precious stone called onyx. [R.]

ONYCHIA
O*nych"i*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Onyx.] (Med.)
(a) A whitlow.
(b) An affection of a finger or toe, attended with ulceration at the
base of the nail, and terminating in the destruction of the nail.

ONYCHOMANCY
On"y*cho*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. onychomancie.]

Defn: Divination by the nails.

ONYCHOPHORA
On`y*choph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Malacopoda.

ONYX
O"nyx, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Nail, and cf. Onycha.] (Min.)

Defn: Chalcedony in parallel layers of different shades of color. It
is used for making cameos, the figure being cut in one layer with the
next as a ground. Onyx marble, a banded variety of marble or calcium
carbonate resembling onyx. It is obtained from Mexico.

OO
Oo, a.

Defn: One. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OO
O"ö, n. Etym: [Hawaiian.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beautiful bird (Moho nobilis) of the Hawaiian Islands. It
yields the brilliant yellow feathers formerly used in making the
royal robes. Called also yellow-tufted honeysucker.

OOECIUM
O*oe"ci*um, n.; pl. Ooecia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the special zooids, or cells, of Bryozoa, destined to
receive and develop ova; an ovicell. See Bryozoa.

OOGENESIS; OOEGENESIS
O`ö*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. genesis.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The development, or mode of origin, of the ova.

OOGONIUM; OOEGONIUM
O`ö*go"ni*um, n.; pl. L. Oögonia, E. Oögoniums. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Bot.)

Defn: A special cell in certain cryptogamous plants containing
oöspheres, as in the rockweeds (Fucus), and the orders Vaucherieæ and
Peronosporeæ.

OOIDAL
O*oi"dal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Shaped like an egg.

OOK
Ook, n.

Defn: Oak. [Obs.] "A branched ook." Chaucer.

OOLITE; OOELITE
O"ö*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf.F. oölithe. So named from its
resemblance to the roe of fish.] (Geol.)

Defn: A variety of limestone, consisting of small round grains,
resembling the roe of a fish. It sometimes constitutes extensive
beds, as in the European Jurassic. See the Chart of Geology.

OOLITIC; OOELITIC
O`ö*lit"ic, a. Etym: [Cf.F. oölithique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to oölite; composed of, or resembling, oölite.

OOLOGICAL; OOELOGICAL
O`ö*log"ic*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to oölogy.

OOLOGIST; OOELOGIST
O*öl"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in oölogy.

OOLOGY; OOELOGY
O*öl"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of eggs in relation to their coloring, size, shape,
and number.

OOLONG
Oo"long, n. Etym: [Chinese, green dragon.]

Defn: A fragrant variety of black tea having somewhat the flavor of
green tea. [Written also oulong.]

OOMIAC; OOMIAK
Oo"mi*ac, Oo"mi*ak, n.

Defn: A long, broad boat used by the Eskimos.

OON
Oon, a.

Defn: One. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OONES
Oones, adv.

Defn: Once. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OOP
Oop, v. t. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: To bind with a thread or cord; to join; to unite. [Scot.]
Jamieson.

OOPACK; OOPAK
Oo"pack, Oo"pak, n. Etym: [So named from a district in China.]

Defn: A kind of black tea.

OOPHORE; OOEPHORE
O"ö*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: An alternately produced form of certain cryptogamous plants, as
ferns, mosses, and the like, which bears antheridia and archegonia,
and so has sexual fructification, as contrasted with the sporophore,
which is nonsexual, but produces spores in countless number. In ferns
the oöphore is a minute prothallus; in mosses it is the leafy plant.

OOPHORECTOMY; OOEPHORECTOMY
O`ö*pho*rec"to*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: Ovariotomy.

OOPHORIC; OOEPHORIC
O`ö*phor"ic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the nature of, or belonging to, an oöphore.

OOPHORIDIUM; OOEPHORIDIUM
O`ö*pho*rid"i*um, n.; pl. L. Oöphorida, E. Oöphoridiums. Etym: [NL.,
dim. fr. Gr. Oöphore.] (Bot.)

Defn: The macrosporangium or case for the larger kind of spores in
heterosporous flowerless plants.

OOPHORITIS; OOEPHORITIS
O`ö*pho*ri"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Ovaritis.

OOPHYTE; OOEPHYTE
O"ö*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of a proposed class or grand division (collectively
termed oöphytes or Oöphyta), which have their sexual reproduction
accomplished by motile antherozoids acting on oöspheres, either while
included in their oögonia or after exclusion.

Note: This class was at first called Oösporeæ, and is made to include
all algæ and fungi which have this kind of reproduction, however they
may differ in all other respects, the contrasted classes of
Thallophytes being Protophytes, Zygophytes, and Carpophytes. The
whole system has its earnest advocates, but is rejected by many
botanists. See Carpophyte.

OOPHYTIC; OOEPHYTIC
O`ö*phyt"ic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an oöphyte.

OORDOBA
Cór"do*ba (kôr"do*vä), n. [Prob. fr. the Spanish explorer Francisco
Hernández de Córdoba.]

Defn: The monetary unit of Nicaragua, equivalent to the United States
gold dollar.

OORIAL; OOERIAL
O*ö"ri*al, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wild, bearded sheep inhabiting the Ladakh mountains. It is
reddish brown, with a dark beard from the chin to the chest.

OOSPERM; OOESPERM
O"ö*sperm, n. Etym: [Gr. sperm.] (Biol.)

Defn: The ovum, after fusion with the spermatozoön in impregnation.
Balfour.

OOSPHERE; OOESPHERE
O"ö*sphere, n. Etym: [Gr. sphere.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An unfertilized, rounded mass of protoplasm, produced in an
oögonium.

Note: After being fertilized by the access of antherozoids it becomes
covered with a cell wall and develops into an oöspore, which may grow
into a new plant like the parent.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: An analogous mass of protoplasm in the ovule of a flowering
plant; an embryonic vesicle. Goodale.

OOSPORANGIUM; OOESPORANGIUM
O`ö*spo*ran"gi*um, n.; pl. L. Oösporangia, E. Oösporangiums. Etym:
[NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: An oögonium; also, a case containing oval or rounded spores of
some other kind than oöspores.

OOSPORE; OOESPORE
O"ö*spore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)
(a) A special kind of spore resulting from the fertilization of an
oösphere by antherozoids.
(b) A fertilized oösphere in the ovule of a flowering plant.

OOSPORIC; OOESPORIC
O`ö*spor"ic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an oöspore.

OOSTEGITE; OOESTEGITE
O*ös"te*gite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the plates which in some Crustacea inclose a cavity
wherein the eggs are hatched.

OOTHECA; OOETHECA
O`ö*the"ca, n.; pl. Oöthecæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An egg case, especially those of many kinds of mollusks, and of
some insects, as the cockroach. Cf. Ooecium.

OOTOOID; OOETOOID; OOTOCOID; OOETOCOID
O*öt"*ooid, O*öt"o*coid, n. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A half oviparous, or an oviparous, mammal; a marsupial or
monotreme.

OOTYPE; OOETYPE
O"ö*type, n. Etym: [Gr. -type.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The part of the oviduct of certain trematode worms in which the
ova are completed and furnished with a shell.

OOZE
Ooze, n. Etym: [OE. wose, AS. wase dirt, mire, mud, akin to w juice,
ooze, Icel. vas wetness, OHG. waso turf, sod, G. wasen.]

1. Soft mud or slime; earth so wet as to flow gently, or easily yield
to pressure. "My son i' the ooze is bedded." Shak.

2. Soft flow; spring. Prior.

3. The liquor of a tan vat.

OOZE
Ooze, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Oozed; p.pr. & vb.n. Oozing.] Etym: [Prov.
Eng. weeze, wooz. See Ooze, n.]

1. To flow gently; to percolate, as a liquid through the pores of a
substance or through small openings.
The latent rill, scare oozing through the grass. Thomson.

2. Fig.: To leak (out) or escape slowly; as, the secret oozed out;
his courage oozed out.

OOZE
Ooze, v. t.

Defn: To cause to ooze. Alex. Smith.

OOZE LEATHER
Ooze leather.

Defn: Leather made from sheep and calf skins by mechanically forcing
ooze through them; esp., such leather with a soft, finely granulated
finish (called sometimes velvet finish) put on the flesh side for
special purposes. Ordinary ooze leather is used for shoe uppers, in
bookbinding, etc. Hence Ooze calf, Ooze finish, etc.

OOZOA; OOEZOA
O`ö*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Acrita.

OOZY
Ooz"y, a.

Defn: Miry; containing soft mud; resembling ooze; as, the oozy bed of
a river. Pope.

OPACATE
O*pa"cate, v. t. Etym: [L. opacatus, p.p. of opacare.]

Defn: To darken; to cloud. [Obs.] Boyle.

OPACITY
O*pac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. opacitas: cf.F. opacité.]

1. The state of being opaque; the quality of a body which renders it
impervious to the rays of light; want of transparency; opaqueness.

2. Obscurity; want of clearness. Bp. Hall.

OPACOUS
O*pa"cous, a. Etym: [L. opacus. See Opaque.]

Defn: Opaque. [R.] Milton.
 -- O*pa"cous*ness, n. [R.]

OPACULAR
O*pac"u*lar, a.

Defn: Opaque. [Obs.] Sterne.

OPAH
O"pah, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large oceanic fish (Lampris quttatus), inhabiting the
Atlantic Ocean. It is remarkable for its brilliant colors, which are
red, green, and blue, with tints of purple and gold, covered with
round silvery spots. Called also king of the herrings.

OPAKE
O*pake", a.

Defn: See Opaque.

OPAL
O"pal, n. Etym: [L. opalus: cf. Gr. upala a rock, stone, precious
stone: cf. F. opale.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral consisting, like quartz, of silica, but inferior to
quartz in hardness and specific gravity.

Note: The precious opal presents a peculiar play of colors of
delicate tints, and is highly esteemed as a gem. One kind, with a
varied play of color in a reddish ground, is called the harlequin
opal. The fire opal has colors like the red and yellow of flame.
Common opal has a milky appearance. Menilite is a brown impure
variety, occurring in concretions at Menilmontant, near Paris. Other
varieties are cacholong, girasol, hyalite, and geyserite.

OPALESCE
O`pal*esce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Opalesced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Opalescing.]

Defn: To give forth a play of colors, like the opal.

OPALESCENCE
O`pal*es"cence, n. (Min.)

Defn: A reflection of a milky or pearly light from the interior of a
mineral, as in the moonstone; the state or quality of being
opalescent.

OPALESCENT
O`pal*es"cent, a.

Defn: Reflecting a milky or pearly light from the interior; having an
opaline play of colors.

OPALINE
O"pal*ine, a. Etym: [Cf. F. opalin.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, opal in appearance; having
changeable colors like those of the opal.

OPALIZE
O"pal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Opalized; p. pr. & vb. n. Opalizing.]
Etym: [Cf. F. opaliser.]

Defn: To convert into opal, or a substance like opal. Lyell.

OPALOTYPE
O*pal"o*type, n. Etym: [Opal + -type.] (Photog.)

Defn: A picture taken on "milky" glass.

OPAQUE
O*paque", a. Etym: [F., fr. L. opacus. Cf. Opacous.]

1. Impervious to the rays of light; not transparent; as, an opaque
substance.

2. Obscure; not clear; unintelligible. [Colloq.]

OPAQUE
O*paque", n.

Defn: That which is opaque; opacity. Young.

OPAQUENESS
O*paque"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being impervious to light; opacity. Dr.
H. More.

OPE
Ope, a.

Defn: Open. [Poetic] Spenser.
On Sunday heaven's gate stands ope. Herbert.

OPE
Ope, v. t. & i.

Defn: To open. [Poetic]
Wilt thou not ope thy heart to know What rainbows teach and sunsets
show Emerson.

OPEIDOSCOPE
O*pei"do*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument, consisting of a tube having one end open and the
other end covered with a thin flexible membrance to the center of
which is attached a small mirror. It is used for exhibiting upon a
screen, by means of rays reflected from the mirror, the vibratory
motions caused by sounds produced at the open end of the tube, as by
speaking or singing into it. A. E. Dolbear.

OPELET
Ope"let, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bright-colored European actinian (Anemonia, or Anthea,
sulcata); -- so called because it does not retract its tentacles.

OPEN
O"pen, a. Etym: [AS. open; akin to D. open, OS. opan, G. offan, Icel.
opinn, Sw. öppen, Dan. aaben, and perh. to E. up. Cf. Up, and Ope.]

1. Free of access; not shut up; not closed; affording unobstructed
ingress or egress; not impeding or preventing passage; not locked up
or covered over; -- applied to passageways; as, an open door, window,
road, etc.; also, to inclosed structures or objects; as, open houses,
boxes, baskets, bottles, etc.; also, to means of communication or
approach by water or land; as, an open harbor or roadstead.
Through the gate, Wide open and unquarded, Satan passed. Milton

Note: Also, figuratively, used of the ways of communication of the
mind, as by the senses; ready to hear, see, etc.; as, to keep one's
eyes and ears open.
His ears are open unto their cry. Ps. xxxiv. 15.

2. Free to be used, enjoyed, visited, or the like; not private;
public; unrestricted in use; as, an open library, museum, court, or
other assembly; liable to the approach, trespass, or attack of any
one; unprotected; exposed.
If Demetrius . . . have a matter against any man, the law is open and
there are deputies. Acts xix. 33.
The service that I truly did his life, Hath left me open to all
injuries. Shak.

3. Free or cleared of obstruction to progress or to view; accessible;
as, an open tract; the open sea.

4. Not drawn together, closed, or contracted; extended; expanded; as,
an open hand; open arms; an open flower; an open prospect.
Each, with open arms, embraced her chosen knight. Dryden.

5. Hence:
(a) Without reserve or false pretense; sincere; characterized by
sincerity; unfeigned; frank; also, generous; liberal; bounteous; --
applied to personal appearance, or character, and to the expression
of thought and feeling, etc.
With aspect open, shall erect his head. Pope.
The Moor is of a free and open nature. Shak.
The French are always open, familiar, and talkative. Addison.

(b) Not concealed or secret; not hidden or disguised; exposed to view
or to knowledge; revealed; apparent; as, open schemes or plans; open
shame or guilt.
His thefts are too open. Shak.
That I may find him, and with secret gaze Or open admiration him
behold. Milton.

6. Not of a quality to prevent communication, as by closing water
ways, blocking roads, etc.; hence, not frosty or inclement; mild; --
used of the weather or the climate; as, an open season; an open
winter. Bacon.

7. Not settled or adjusted; not decided or determined; not closed or
withdrawn from consideration; as, an open account; an open question;
to keep an offer or opportunity open.

8. Free; disengaged; unappropriated; as, to keep a day open for any
purpose; to be open for an engagement.

9. (Phon.)
(a) Uttered with a relatively wide opening of the articulating
organs; -- said of vowels; as, the än fär is open as compared with
the a in say.
(b) Uttered, as a consonant, with the oral passage simply narrowed
without closure, as in uttering s.

10. (Mus.)
(a) Not closed or stopped with the finger; -- said of the string of
an instrument, as of a violin, when it is allowed to vibrate
throughout its whole length.
(b) Produced by an open string; as, an open tone. The open air, the
air out of doors.
 -- Open chain. (Chem.) See Closed chain, under Chain.
 -- Open circuit (Elec.), a conducting circuit which is incomplete,
or interrupted at some point; -- opposed to an uninterrupted, or Ant:
closed circuit.
 -- Open communion, communion in the Lord's supper not restricted to
persons who have been baptized by immersion. Cf. Close communion,
under Close, a.
 -- Open diapason (Mus.), a certain stop in an organ, in which the
pipes or tubes are formed like the mouthpiece of a flageolet at the
end where the wind enters, and are open at the other end.
 -- Open flank (Fort.), the part of the flank covered by the orillon.
 -- Open-front furnace (Metal.), a blast furnace having a forehearth.
 -- Open harmony (Mus.), harmony the tones of which are widely
dispersed, or separated by wide intervals.
 -- Open hawse (Naut.), a hawse in which the cables are parallel or
slightly divergent. Cf. Foul hawse, under Hawse.
 -- Open hearth (Metal.), the shallow hearth of a reverberatory
furnace.
 -- Open-hearth furnace, a reverberatory furnace; esp., a kind of
reverberatory furnace in which the fuel is gas, used in manufacturing
steel.
 -- Open-hearth process (Steel Manuf.), a process by which melted
cast iron is converted into steel by the addition of wrought iron, or
iron ore and manganese, and by exposure to heat in an open-hearth
furnace; -- also called the Siemens-Martin process, from the
inventors.
 -- Open-hearth steel, steel made by an open-hearth process; -- also
called Siemens-Martin steel.
 -- Open newel. (Arch.) See Hollow newel, under Hollow.
 -- Open pipe (Mus.), a pipe open at the top. It has a pitch about an
octave higher than a closed pipe of the same length.
 -- Open-timber roof (Arch.), a roof of which the constructional
parts, together with the under side of the covering, or its lining,
are treated ornamentally, and left to form the ceiling of an
apartment below, as in a church, a public hall, and the like.
 -- Open vowel or consonant. See Open, a., 9.

Note: Open is used in many compounds, most of which are self-
explaining; as, open-breasted, open-minded.

Syn.
 -- Unclosed; uncovered; unprotected; exposed; plain; apparent;
obvious; evident; public; unreserved; frank; sincere; undissembling;
artless. See Candid, and Ingenuous.

OPEN
O"pen, n.

Defn: Open or unobstructed space; clear land, without trees or
obstructions; open ocean; open water. "To sail into the open." Jowett
(Thucyd. ).
Then we got into the open. W. Black.
In open, in full view; without concealment; openly. [Obs.] Beau. &
Fl.

OPEN
O"pen v. t. [imp. & p. p. Opened; p. pr. & vb. n. Opening.] Etym:
[AS. openian. See Open,a.]

1. To make or set open; to render free of access; to unclose; to
unbar; to unlock; to remove any fastening or covering from; as, to
open a door; to open a box; to open a room; to open a letter.
And all the windows of my heart I open to the day. Whittier.

2. To spread; to expand; as, to open the hand.

3. To disclose; to reveal; to interpret; to explain.
The king opened himself to some of his council, that he was sorry for
the earl's death. Bacon.
Unto thee have I opened my cause. Jer. xx. 12.
While he opened to us the Scriptures. Luke xxiv. 32.

4. To make known; to discover; also, to render available or
accessible for settlements, trade, etc.
The English did adventure far for to open the North parts of America.
Abp. Abbot.

5. To enter upon; to begin; as, to open a discussion; to open fire
upon an enemy; to open trade, or correspondence; to open a case in
court, or a meeting.

6. To loosen or make less compact; as, to open matted cotton by
separating the fibers. To open one's mouth, to speak.
 -- To open up, to lay open; to discover; to disclose.
Poetry that had opened up so many delightful views into the character
and condition of our "bold peasantry, their country's pride." Prof.
Wilson.

OPEN
O"pen, v. i.

1. To unclose; to form a hole, breach, or gap; to be unclosed; to be
parted.
The earth opened and swallowed up Dathan, and covered the company of
Abiram. Ps. cvi. 17.

2. To expand; to spread out; to be disclosed; as, the harbor opened
to our view.

3. To begin; to commence; as, the stock opened at par; the battery
opened upon the enemy.

4. (Sporting)

Defn: To bark on scent or view of the game.

OPEN-AIR
O"pen-air`, a.

Defn: Taking place in the open air; outdoor; as, an open-air game or
meeting.

OPENBILL
O"pen*bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the genus Anastomus, allied to the stork; -- so
called because the two parts of the bill touch only at the base and
tip. One species inhabits India, another Africa. Called also open-
beak. See Illust. (m), under Beak.

OPEN DOOR
O"pen door.
 (a) Open or free admission to all; hospitable welcome; free
opportunity.

She of the open soul and open door,
With room about her hearth for all mankind.
Lowell.

(b) In modern diplomacy, opportunity for political and commercial
intercourse open to all upon equal terms, esp. with reference to a
nation whose policy is wholly or partially fixed by nations foreign
to itself, or to territory newly acquired by a conquering nation. In
this sense, often used adjectively, as, open-door system, open-door
policy, etc.

The steps taken by Britain to maintain the open door have so far
proved to be perfectly futile.
A. R. Colquhoun.

OPENER
O"pen*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, opens. "True opener of my eyes."
Milton.

OPEN-EYED
O"pen-eyed`, a.

Defn: With eyes widely open; watchful; vigilant. Shak.

OPEN-HANDED
O"pen-hand`ed, a.

Defn: Generous; liberal; munificent.
 -- O"pen-hand`ed*ness, n. J. S. Mill.

OPEN-HEADED
O"pen-head`ed, a.

Defn: Bareheaded. [Obs.]

OPEN-HEARTED
O"pen-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Candid; frank; generous. Dryden.
 -- O"pen-heart`ed*ly, adv.
 -- O"pen-heart`ed*ness, n. Walton.

OPEN-HEARTH STEEL
Open-hearth steel.

Defn: See under Open.

OPENING
O"pen*ing, n.

1. The act or process of opening; a beginning; commencement; first
appearance; as, the opening of a speech.
The opening of your glory was like that of light. Dryden.

2. A place which is open; a breach; an aperture; a gap; cleft, or
hole.
We saw him at the opening of his tent. Shak.

3. Hence: A vacant place; an opportunity; as, an opening for
business. [Colloq.] Dickens.

4. A thinly wooded space, without undergrowth, in the midst of a
forest; as, oak openings. [U.S.] Cooper.

OPENLY
O"pen*ly, adv. Etym: [AS. openlice.]

1. In an open manner; publicly; not in private; without secrecy.
How grossly and openly do many of us contradict the precepts of the
gospel by our ungodliness! Tillotson.

2. Without reserve or disguise; plainly; evidently.
My love . . . shall show itself more openly. Shak.

OPEN-MOUTHED
O"pen-mouthed`, a.

Defn: Having the mouth open; gaping; hence, greedy; clamorous.
L'Estrange.

OPENNESS
O"pen*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being open.

OPEN SEA
Open sea. (Internat. Law)

Defn: A sea open to all nations. See Mare clausum.

OPEN VERDICT
Open verdict. (Law)

Defn: A verdict on a preliminary investigation, finding the fact of a
crime but not stating the criminal, or finding the fact of a violent
death without disclosing the cause.

OPENWORK
O"pen*work`, n.

1. Anything so constructed or manufactured (in needlework, carpentry,
metal work, etc.) as to show openings through its substance; work
that is perforated or pierced.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A quarry; an open cut. Raymond.

OPERA
Op"er*a, n. Etym: [It., fr. opera work, composition, opposed to an
improvisation, fr. L. opera pains work, fr. opus, operis, work,
labor: cf. F. opéra. See Operate.]

1. A drama, either tragic or comic, of which music forms an essential
part; a drama wholly or mostly sung, consisting of recitative,
arials, choruses, duets, trios, etc., with orchestral accompaniment,
preludes, and interludes, together with appropriate costumes,
scenery, and action; a lyric drama.

2. The score of a musical drama, either written or in print; a play
set to music.

3. The house where operas are exhibited. Opéra bouffe Etym: [F. opéra
opera + bouffe comic, It.buffo], Opera buffa Etym: [It.], light,
farcical, burlesque opera.
 -- Opera box, a partially inclosed portion of the auditorium of an
opera house for the use of a small private party.
 -- Opéra comique Etym: [F.], comic or humorous opera.
 -- Opera flannel, a light flannel, highly finished. Knight.
 -- Opera girl (Bot.), an East Indian plant (Mantisia saltatoria) of
the Ginger family, sometimes seen in hothouses. It has curious
flowers which have some resemblance to a ballet dancer, whence the
popular name. Called also dancing girls.
 -- Opera glass, a short telescope with concave eye lenses of low
power, usually made double, that is, with a tube and set of glasses
for each eye; a lorgnette; -- so called because adapted for use at
the opera, theater, etc.
 -- Opera hat, a gentleman's folding hat.
 -- Opera house, specifically, a theater devoted to the performance
of operas.
 -- Opera seria Etym: [It.], serious or tragic opera; grand opera.

OPERABLE
Op"er*a*ble, a.

Defn: Practicable. [Obs.]

OPERAMETER
Op`er*am"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. opus, operis, pl. opera work + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument or machine for measuring work done, especially
for ascertaining the number of rotations made by a machine or wheel
in manufacturing cloth; a counter. Ure.

OPERANCE; OPERANCY
Op"er*ance, Op"er*an*cy, n.

Defn: The act of operating or working; operation. [R.]

OPERAND
Op"er*and, n. Etym: [From neuter of L. operandus, gerundive of
operari. See Operate.] (Math.)

Defn: The symbol, quantity, or thing upon which a mathematical
operation is performed; -- called also faciend.

OPERANT
Op"er*ant, a. Etym: [L. operans, p.pr. of operari. See Operate.]

Defn: Operative. [R.] Shak.
 -- n.

Defn: An operative person or thing. [R.] Coleridge.

OPERATE
Op"er*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Operated; p. pr. & vb. n. Operating.]
Etym: [L. operatus, p.p. of operari to work, fr. opus, operis, work,
labor; akin to Skr. apas, and also to G. üben to exercise, OHG.
uoben, Icel. . Cf. Inure, Maneuver, Ure.]

1. To perform a work or labor; to exert power or strengh, physical or
mechanical; to act.

2. To produce an appropriate physical effect; to issue in the result
designed by nature; especially (Med.), to take appropriate effect on
the human system.

3. To act or produce effect on the mind; to exert moral power or
influence.
The virtues of private persons operate but on a few. Atterbury.
A plain, convincing reason operates on the mind both of a learned and
ignorant hearer as long as they live. Swift.

4. (Surg.)

Defn: To perform some manual act upon a human body in a methodical
manner, and usually with instruments, with a view to restore
soundness or health, as in amputation, lithotomy, etc.

5. To deal in stocks or any commodity with a view to speculative
profits. [Brokers' Cant]

OPERATE
Op"er*ate, v. t.

1. To produce, as an effect; to cause.
The same cause would operate a diminution of the value of stock. A.
Hamilton.

2. To put into, or to continue in, operation or activity; to work;
as, to operate a machine.

OPERATIC; OPERATICAL
Op`er**at"ic, Op`er*at"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the opera or to operas; characteristic of,
or resembling, the opera.

OPERATION
Op`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. operatio: cf. F. opération.]

1. The act or process of operating; agency; the exertion of power,
physical, mechanical, or moral.
The pain and sickness caused by manna are the effects of its
operation on the stomach. Locke.
Speculative painting, without the assistance of manual operation, can
never attain to perfection. Dryden.

2. The method of working; mode of action.

3. That which is operated or accomplished; an effect brought about in
accordance with a definite plan; as, military or naval operations.

4. Effect produced; influence. [Obs.]
The bards . . . had great operation on the vulgar. Fuller.

5. (Math.)

Defn: Something to be done; some transformation to be made upon
quantities, the transformation being indicated either by rules or
symbols.

6. (Surg.)

Defn: Any methodical action of the hand, or of the hand with
instruments, on the human body, to produce a curative or remedial
effect, as in amputation, etc. Calculus of operations. See under
Calculus.

OPERATIVE
Op"er*a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf.L. operativus, F. opératif.]

1. Having the power of acting; hence, exerting force, physical or
moral; active in the production of effects; as, an operative motive.
It holds in all operative principles. South.

2. Producing the appropriate or designed effect; efficacious; as, an
operative dose, rule, or penalty.

3. (Surg.)

Defn: Based upon, or consisting of, an operation or operations; as,
operative surgery.

OPERATIVE
Op"er*a*tive, n.

Defn: A skilled worker; an artisan; esp., one who operates a machine
in a mill or manufactory.

OPERATIVELY
Op"er*a*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an operative manner.

OPERATOR
Op"er*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. One who, or that which, operates or produces an effect.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: One who performs some act upon the human body by means of the
hand, or with instruments.

3. A dealer in stocks or any commodity for speculative purposes; a
speculator. [Brokers' Cant]

4. (Math.)

Defn: The symbol that expresses the operation to be performed; --
called also facient.

OPERATORY
Op"er*a*to*ry, n.

Defn: A laboratory. [Obs.]

OPERCLE
O"per*cle, n. Etym: [Cf.F. opercule. See Operculum.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Any one of the bony plates which support the gill covers of
fishes; an opercular bone.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An operculum.

OPERCULA
O*per"cu*la, n. pl.

Defn: See Operculum.

OPERCULAR
O*per"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, an operculum.

OPERCULAR
O*per"cu*lar, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The principal opercular bone or operculum of fishes.

OPERCULATE; OPERCULATED
O*per"cu*late, O*per"cu*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. operculatus, p.p. of
operculare to furnish with a lid, fr. operculum lid.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Closed by a lid or cover, as the capsules of the mosses.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having an operculum, or an apparatus for protecting the gills;
-- said of shells and of fishes.

OPERCULIFEROUS
O*per`cu*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Operculum + -ferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Bearing an operculum.

OPERCULIFORM
O*per"cu*li*form, a. Etym: [L. operculum a cover + -form: cf. F.
operculiforme.]

Defn: Having the form of a lid or cover.

OPERCULIGENOUS
O*per`cu*lig`e*nous, a. Etym: [Operculum + -genous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing an operculum; -- said of the foot, or part of the
foot, of certain mollusks.

OPERCULUM
O*per"cu*lum, n.; pl. L. Opercula, E. Operculums. Etym: [L., a cover
or lid, fr. operire to cover.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) The lid of a pitcherform leaf.
(b) The lid of the urnlike capsule of mosses.

2. (Anat.)
(a) Any lidlike or operculiform process or part; as, the opercula of
a dental follicle.
(b) The fold of integument, usually supported by bony plates, which
protects the gills of most fishes and some amphibians; the gill
cover; the gill lid.
(c) The principal opercular bone in the upper and posterior part of
the gill cover.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) The lid closing the aperture of various species of shells, as the
common whelk. See Illust. of Gastropoda.
(b) Any lid-shaped structure closing the aperture of a tube or shell.

OPERETTA
Op`er*et"ta, n. Etym: [It., dim. of opera.] (Mus.)

Defn: A short, light, musical drama.

OPEROSE
Op"er*ose`. a. Etym: [L. operosus, fr. opera pains, labor, opus,
operis, work, labor.]

Defn: Wrought with labor; requiring labor; hence, tedious; wearisome.
"Operose proceeding." Burke. "A very operose calculation." De
Quincey.
 -- Op"er*ose`ly, adv.
 -- Op"er*ose`ness, n.

OPEROSITY
Op`er*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. operositas.]

Defn: Laboriousness. [R.] Bp. Hall.

OPEROUS
Op"er*ous, a.

Defn: Operose. [Obs.] Holder.
 -- Op"er*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.]

OPERTANEOUS
Op`er*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. opertaneus; operire to hide.]

Defn: Concealed; private. [R.]

OPETIDE
Ope"tide`, n. Etym: [Ope + tide.]

Defn: Open time; -- applied to different things:
(a) The early spring, or the time when flowers begin opening.
[Archaic] Nares.
(b) The time between Epiphany and Ash Wednesday wherein marriages
were formerly solemnized publicly in churches. [Eng.]
(c) The time after harvest when the common fields are open to all
kinds of stock. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell. [Written also opentide.]

OPHELIC
O*phel"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a substance (called ophelic
acid) extracted from a plant (Ophelia) of the Gentian family as a
bitter yellowish sirup, used in India as a febrifuge and tonic.

OPHICLEIDE
Oph"i*cleide, n. Etym: [F. ophicléide, fr. Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: A large brass wind instrument, formerly used in the orchestra
and in military bands, having a loud tone, deep pitch, and a compass
of three octaves; -- now generally supplanted by bass and contrabass
tubas. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

OPHIDIA
O*phid"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The order of reptiles which includes the serpents.

Note: The most important divisions are: the Solenoglypha, having
erectile perforated fangs, as the rattlesnake; the Proteroglypha, or
elapine serpents, having permanently erect fang, as the cobra; the
Asinea, or colubrine serpents, which are destitute of fangs; and the
Opoterodonta, or Epanodonta, blindworms, in which the mouth is not
dilatable.

OPHIDIAN
O*phid"i*an, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ophidien.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Ophidia; a snake or serpent.

OPHIDIAN
O*phid"i*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ophidien.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ophidia; belonging to serpents.

OPHIDIOID
O*phid"i*oid, a. Etym: [Ophidion + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ophidiidæ, a family of fishes which
includes many slender species.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Ophidiidæ.

OPHIDION
O*phid"i*on, n.; pl. Ophidia. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The typical genus of ophidioid fishes. [Written also Ophidium.]
See Illust. under Ophidioid.

OPHIDIOUS
O*phid"i*ous, a.

Defn: Ophidian.

OPHIOLATRY
O`phi*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The worship of serpents.

OPHIOLOGIC; OPHIOLOGICAL
O`phi*o*log"ic, O`phi*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ophiology.

OPHIOLOGIST
O`phi*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in the natural history of serpents.

OPHIOLOGY
O`phi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf.F. ophioloqie.]

Defn: That part of natural history which treats of the ophidians, or
serpents.

OPHIOMANCY
O"phi*o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. ophiomantie.]

Defn: Divination by serpents, as by their manner of eating, or by
their coils.

OPHIOMORPHA
O`phi*o*mor"pha, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Ophiomorphous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of tailless amphibians having a slender, wormlike body
with regular annulations, and usually with minute scales imbedded in
the skin. The limbs are rudimentary or wanting. It includes the
cæcilians. Called also Gymnophiona and Ophidobatrachia.

OPHIOMORPHITE
O`phi*o*mor"phite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An ammonite.

OPHIOMORPHOUS
O`phi*o*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Gr. -morphous.]

Defn: Having the form of a serpent.

OPHIOPHAGOUS
O`phi*oph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. ophiophage.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feeding on serpents; -- said of certain birds and reptiles.

OPHIOPHAGUS
O`phi*oph"a*gus, n. Etym: [NL. See Ophiophagous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of venomous East Indian snakes, which feed on other
snakes. Ophiophagus elaps is said to be the largest and most deadly
of poisonous snakes.

OPHISM
Oph"ism, n.

1. Doctrines and rites of the Ophites.

2.  Serpent worship or the use of serpents as magical agencies.

OPHITE
O"phite, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a serpent. [Obs.]

OPHITE
O"phite, n. Etym: [L. ophites, Gr. ophite.] (Min.)

Defn: A greenish spotted porphyry, being a diabase whose pyroxene has
been altered to uralite; -- first found in the Pyreness. So called
from the colored spots which give it a mottled appearance.
 -- O*phi"ic, a.

OPHITE
O"phite, n. Etym: [L. Ophitae, pl. See Ophite, a.] (Eccl.Hist.)

Defn: A mamber of a Gnostic serpent-worshiping sect of the second
century.

OPHIUCHUS
O`phi*u"chus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation in the Northern Hemisphere, delineated as a man
holding a serpent in his hands; -- called also Serpentarius.

OPHIURA
O`phi*u"ra, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of ophiurioid starfishes.

OPHIURAN
O`phi*u"ran, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ophiurioidea.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Ophiurioidea.

OPHIURID
O`phi*u"rid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Ophiurioid.

OPHIURIDA
O`phi*u"ri*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Ophiurioidea.

OPHIURIOID
O`phi*u"ri*oid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ophiurioidea.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Ophiurioidea. [Written also ophiuroid.]

OPHIURIOIDEA; OPHIUROIDEA
O`phi*u`ri*oi"de*a, O`phi*u*roi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of star-shaped echinoderms having a disklike body, with
slender, articulated arms, which are not grooved beneath and are
often very fragile; -- called also Ophiuroida and Ophiuridea. See
Illust. under Brittle star.

OPHRYON
Oph"ry*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The supraorbital point.

OPHTHALMIA
Oph*thal"mi*a, n. Etym: [F. ophthalmie, L. ophthalmia, fr. Gr. optic.
See Optic.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammation of the membranes or coats of the eye or of the
eyeball.

OPHTHALMIC
Oph*thal"mic, a. Etym: [Gr. ophthalmique. See Ophthalmia.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the eye; ocular; as the
ophthalmic, or orbitonasal, nerve, a division of the trigeminal,
which gives branches to the lachrymal gland, eyelids, nose, and
forehead. Ophthalmic region (Zoöl.), the space around the eyes.

OPHTHALMITE
Oph*thal"mite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An eyestalk; the organ which bears the compound eyes of decapod
Crustacea.

OPHTHALMOLOGICAL
Oph*thal`mo*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ophthalmology.

OPHTHALMOLOGIST
Oph`thal*mol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One skilled in ophthalmology; an oculist.

OPHTHALMOLOGY
Oph`thal*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. ophthalmologie.]

Defn: The science which treats of the structure, functions, and
diseases of the eye.

OPHTHALMOMETER
Oph`thal*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument devised by Helmholtz for measuring the size of a
reflected image on the convex surface of the cornea and lens of the
eye, by which their curvature can be ascertained.

OPHTHALMOSCOPE
Oph*thal"mo*scope, n. Etym: [From Gr. -scope.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for viewing the interior of the eye, particularly
the retina. Light is thrown into the eye by a mirror (usually
concave) and the interior is then examined with or without the aid of
a lens.
 -- Oph*thal`mo*scop"ic, a.

OPHTHALMOSCOPY
Oph`thal*mos"co*py, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ophthalmoscopie.]

1. A branch of physiognomy which deduces the knowledge of a person's
temper and character from the appearance of the eyes.

2. Examination of the eye with the ophthalmoscope.

OPHTHALMY
Oph*thal"my, n.

Defn: Same as Ophthalmia.

OPIANIC
O`pi*an"ic, a. Etym: [From Opium.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid obtained by
the oxidation of narcotine.

OPIANINE
O"pi*a*nine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found in small quantity in opium. It is identical
with narcotine.

OPIANYL
O"pi*a*nyl, n. Etym: [Opianic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Meconin.

OPIATE
O"pi*ate, n. Etym: [From Opium: cf.F. opiat.]

1. Originally, a medicine of a thicker consistence than sirup,
prepared with opium. Parr.

2. Any medicine that contains opium, and has the quality of inducing
sleep or repose; a narcotic.

3. Anything which induces rest or inaction; that which quiets
uneasiness.
They chose atheism as an opiate. Bentley.

OPIATE
O"pi*ate, a. Etym: [See Opium.]

Defn: Inducing sleep; somniferous; narcotic; hence, anodyne; causing
rest, dullness, or inaction; as, the opiate rod of Hermes. Milton.

OPIATE
O"pi*ate, v. t.

Defn: To subject to the influence of an opiate; to put to sleep. [R.]
Fenton.

OPIATED
O"pi*a`ted, a.

1. Mixed with opiates.

2. Under the influence of opiates.

OPIE
O"pie, n.

Defn: Opium. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OPIFEROUS
O*pif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. opifer; ops, opis, help + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Bringing help. [R.]

OPIFICE
Op"i*fice, n. Etym: [L. opificium, fr. opifex workman. See Office.]

Defn: Workmanship. [Obs.] Bailey.

OPIFICER
O*pif"i*cer, n.

Defn: An artificer; a workman. [Obs.] "The almighty opificer."
Bentley.

OPINABLE
O*pin"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. opinabilis.]

Defn: Capable of being opined or thought. Holland.

OPINATION
Op`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. opinatio. See Opine,]

Defn: The act of thinking; a supposition. [Obs.]

OPINATIVE
O*pin"a*tive, a.

Defn: Obstinate in holding opinions; opinionated. [Obs.] --
O*pin"a*tive*ly, adv. [Obs.] Burton. Sir T. More.

OPINATOR
Op"i*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One fond of his own opinious; one who holds an opinion. [Obs.]
Glanvill.

OPINE
O*pine", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Opined; p. pr. & vb. n. Opining.]
Etym: [L. opinari, p.p. opinatus; akin to opinus (in comp.) thinking,
and perh. to E. apt: cf. F. opiner.]

Defn: To have an opinion; to judge; to think; to suppose. South.

OPINER
O*pin"er, n.

Defn: One who opines. Jer. Taylor.

OPINIASTER; OPINIATRE
O`pin*ias"ter, O`pin*ia"tre, a. Etym: [OF. opiniastre, F. opiniâtre.
See Opinion.]

Defn: Opinionated. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

OPINIASTROUS
O`pin*ias"trous, a.

Defn: See Opiniaster. [Obs.].

OPINIATE
O*pin"i`ate, v. t.

Defn: To hold or maintain persistently. [Obs.] Barrow.

OPINIATED
O*pin"ia*ted, a.

Defn: Opinionated. [Obs.]

OPINIATIVE
O*pin"ia*tive, a.

Defn: Opinionative. Glanvill.
 -- O*pin"ia*tive*ly, adv.
 -- O*pin"ia*tive*ness, n.

OPINIATOR; OPINIATRE
O`pin*ia"tor, O`pin*ia"tre, n.

Defn: One who is opinionated. [Obs.] South. Barrow.

OPINIATRE
O`pin*ia"tre, a.

Defn: See Opiniaster. [Obs.] Locke.

OPINIATRETY
O`pin*iat"re*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. opiniâtreté.]

Defn: Obstinacy in opinious. [Written also opiniatry.] [Obs.]

OPINICUS
O*pin"i*cus (, n. (Her.)

Defn: An imaginary animal borne as a charge, having wings, an eagle's
head, and a short tail; -- sometimes represented without wings.

OPINING
O*pin"ing, n.

Defn: Opinion. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

OPINION
O*pin"ion, n. Etym: [F., from L. opinio. See Opine.]

1. That which is opined; a notion or conviction founded on probable
evidence; belief stronger than impression, less strong than positive
knowledge; settled judgment in regard to any point of knowledge or
action.
Opinion is when the assent of the understanding is so far gained by
evidence of probability, that it rather inclines to one persussion
than to another, yet not without a mixture of incertainty or
doubting. Sir M. Hale.
I can not put off my opinion so easily. Shak.

2. The judgment or sentiment which the mind forms of persons or
things; estimation.
I have bought golden opinions from all sorts of people. Shak.
Friendship . . . gives a man a peculiar right and claim to the good
opinion of his friend. South.
However, I have no opinion of those things. Bacon.

3. Favorable estimation; hence, consideration; reputation; fame;
public sentiment or esteem. [Obs.]
Thou hast redeemed thy lost opinion. Shak.
This gained Agricola much opinion, who . . . had made such early
progress into laborious . . . enterprises. Milton.

4. Obstinacy in holding to one's belief or impression;
opiniativeness; conceitedness. [Obs.] Shak.

5. (Law.)

Defn: The formal decision, or expression of views, of a judge, an
umpire, a counselor, or other party officially called upon to
consider and decide upon a matter or point submitted. To be of
opinion, to think; to judge.
 -- To hold opinion with, to agree with. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- Sentiment; notion; persuasion; idea; view; estimation. See
Sentiment.

OPINION
O*pin"ion, v. t.

Defn: To opine. [Obs.]

OPINIONABLE
O*pin"ion*a*ble, a.

Defn: Being, or capable of being, a matter of opinion; that can be
thought; not positively settled; as, an opinionable doctrine. C. J.
Ellicott.

OPINIONATE
O*pin"ion*ate, a.

Defn: Opinionated.

OPINIONATED
O*pin"ion*a`ted, a.

Defn: Stiff in opinion; firmly or unduly adhering to one's own
opinion or to preconceived notions; obstinate in opinion. Sir W.
Scott.

OPINIONATELY
O*pin"ion*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: Conceitedly. Feltham.

OPINIONATIST
O*pin"ion*a*tist, n.

Defn: An opinionist. [Obs.]

OPINIONATIVE
O*pin"ion*a*tive, a.

1. Unduly attached to one's own opinions; opinionated. Milton.

2. Of the nature of an opinion; conjectured. [Obs.] "Things both
opinionative and practical." Bunyan.
 -- O*pin"ion*a*tive*ly, adv.
 -- O*pin"ion*a*tive*ness, n.

OPINIONATOR
O*pin"ion*a`tor, n.

Defn: An opinionated person; one given to conjecture. [Obs.] South.

OPINIONED
O*pin"ioned, a.

Defn: Opinionated; conceited.
His opinioned zeal which he thought judicious. Milton.

OPINIONIST
O*pin"ion*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. opinioniste.]

Defn: One fond of his own notions, or unduly attached to his own
opinions. Glanvill.

OPIPAROUS
O*pip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. opiparus, fr. ops, opis, riches + parare
to provide.]

Defn: Sumptuous. [Obs.] -- O*pip"a*rous*ly, adv. [Obs.] E.
Waterhouse.

OPISOMETER
Op`i*som"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument with a revolving wheel for measuring a curved
line, as on a map.

OPISTHION
O*pis"thi*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The middle of the posterior, or dorsal, margin of the great
foramen of the skull.

OPISTHOBRANCHIA; OPISTHOBRANCHIATA
O*pis`tho*bran"chi*a, O*pis`tho*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.,
from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of gastropod Mollusca, in which the breathing organs
are usually situated behind the heart. It includes the tectibranchs
and nudibranchs.

OPISTHOBRANCHIATE
O*pis`tho*bran"chi*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Opisthobranchiata.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Opisthobranchiata.

OPISTHOCOELIAN; OPISTHOCOELOUS
O*pis`tho*coe"li*an, O*pis`tho*coe"lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Concave behind; -- applied especially to vertebræ in which the
anterior end of the centrum is convex and the posterior concave.

OPISTHODOME
O*pis"tho*dome, n. Etym: [L. opisthodomus, Gr. do`mos house: cf. F.
opisthodome.] (Arch.)

Defn: A back chamber; especially, that part of the naos, or cella,
farthest from the main entrance, sometimes having an entrance of its
own, and often used as a treasury.

OPISTHOGLYPHA
O*pis`tho*glyph"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of serpents which have some of the posterior
maxillary teeth grooved for fangs.

OPISTHOGRAPHY
Op`is*thog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A writing upon the back of anything, as upon the back of a leaf
or sheet already written upon on one side. [R.] Scudamore.

OPISTHOMI
Op`is*tho"mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of eellike fishes having the scapular arch attached to
the vertebræ, but not connected with the skull.

OPISTHOPULMONATE
O*pis`tho*pul"mo*nate, a.Etym: [Gr. pulmonate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the pulmonary sac situated posteriorly; -- said of
certain air-breathing Mollusca.

OPISTHOTIC
Op`is*thot"ic, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The inferior and posterior of the three elements forming the
periotic bone.

OPISTHOTONOS
Op`is*thot"o*nos, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A tetanic spasm in which the body is bent backwards and
stiffened.

OPITULATION
O*pit`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. opitulatio, fr. opitulari to bring
help.]

Defn: The act of helping or aiding; help. [Obs.] Bailey.

OPIUM
O"pi*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: The inspissated juice of the Papaver somniferum, or white
poppy.

Note: Opium is obtained from incisions made in the capsules of the
plant, and the best flows from the first incision. It is imported
into Europe and America chiefly from the Levant, and large quantities
are sent to China from India, Persia, and other countries. It is of a
brownish yellow color, has a faint smell, and bitter and acrid taste.
It is a stimulant narcotic poison, which may produce hallicinations,
profound sleep, or death. It is much used in medicine to soothe pain
and inflammation, and is smoked as an intoxicant with baneful
effects. Opium joint, a low resort of opium smokers. [Slang]

OPLE TREE
O"ple tree`. Etym: [L. opulus a kind of maple tree.]

Defn: The witch-hazel. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

OPOBALSAM; OPOBALSAMUM
Op`o*bal"sam, Op`o*bal"sa*mum, n. Etym: [L. opobalsamum, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The old name of the aromatic resinous juice of the
Balsamodendron opobalsamum, now commonly called balm of Gilead. See
under Balm.

OPODELDOC
Op`o*del"doc, n. Etym: [So called by Paracelsus. The first syllable
may be fr. Gr.

1. A kind of plaster, said to have been invented by Mindererus, --
used for external injuries. [Obs.]

2. A saponaceous, camphorated liniment; a solution of soap in
alcohol, with the addition of camphor and essential oils; soap
liniment.

OPOLCHENIE
Op`ol*che"ni*e, n. [Russ., fr. opolchit' to make an army, polk army.
Cf. Folk.] (Russia)

Defn: See Army organization, above.

OPOPANAX
O*pop"a*nax, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. opopanax.]

Defn: The inspissated juice of an umbelliferous plant (the Opoponax
Chironum), brought from Turkey and the East Indies in loose granules,
or sometimes in larger masses, of a reddish yellow color, with specks
of white. It has a strong smell and acrid taste, and was formerly
used in medicine as an emmenagogue and antispasmodic. Dunglison.

OPOSSUM
O*pos"sum, n. Etym: [Of N. American Indian origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any American marsupial of the genera Didelphys and Chironectes.
The common species of the United States is Didelphys Virginiana.

Note: Several related species are found in South America. The water
opossum of Brazil (Chironectes variegatus), which has the hind feet,
webbed, is provided with a marsupial pouch and with cheek pouches. It
is called also yapock. Opossum mouse. (Zoöl.) See Flying mouse, under
Flying.
 -- Opossum shrimp (Zoöl.), any schizopod crustacean of the genus
Mysis and allied genera. See Schizopoda.

OPPIDAN
Op"pi*dan, a. Etym: [L. oppidanus, fr. oppidum town.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a town. Howell.

OPPIDAN
Op"pi*dan, n.

1. An inhabitant of a town.

2. A student of Eton College, England, who is not a King's scholar,
and who boards in a private family.

OPPIGNERATE
Op*pig"ner*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. oppigneratus, p.p. of oppignerare to
pawn. See Ob-, and Pignerate.]

Defn: To pledge; to pawn. [Obs.] Bacon.

OPPILATE
Op"pi*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oppilated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Oppilating.] Etym: [L. oppilatus, p.p. of oppilare to stop up; ob
(see Ob-) + pilare to ram down, to thrust.]

Defn: To crowd together; to fill with obstructions; to block up.
[Obs.] Cockeram.

OPPILATION
Op`pi*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. oppilatio: cf. F. opilation.]

Defn: The act of filling or crowding together; a stopping by
redundant matter; obstruction, particularly in the lower intestines.
Jer. Taylor.

OPPILATIVE
Op`pi*la*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. opilatif. See Oppilate.]

Defn: Obstructive. [Obs.] Sherwood.

OPPLETE; OPPLETED
Op*plete", Op*plet"ed, a. Etym: [L. oppletus, p.p. of opplere to fill
up; ob (see Ob-) + plere to fill.]

Defn: Filled; crowded. [Obs.] Johnson.

OPPLETION
Op*ple"tion, n.

Defn: The act of filling up, or the state of being filled up;
fullness. [Obs.]

OPPONE
Op*pone", v. t. Etym: [L. opponere. See Opponent.]

Defn: To oppose. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

OPPONENCY
Op*po"nen*cy, n.

Defn: The act of opening an academical disputation; the proposition
of objections to a tenet, as an exercise for a degree. [Eng.] Todd.

OPPONENT
Op*po"nent, a. Etym: [L. opponens, -entis, p.pr. of opponere to set
or place against, to oppose; ob (see Ob-) + ponere to place. See
Position.]

Defn: Situated in front; opposite; hence, opposing; adverse;
antagonistic. Pope.

OPPONENT
Op*po"nent, n.

1. One who opposes; an adversary; an antagonist; a foe. Macaulay.

2. One who opposes in a disputation, argument, or other verbal
controversy; specifically, one who attacks some theirs or
proposition, in distinction from the respondent, or defendant, who
maintains it.
How becomingly does Philopolis exercise his office, and seasonably
commit the opponent with the respondent, like a long-practiced
moderator! Dr. H. More.

Syn.
 -- Antagonist; opposer; foe. See Adversary.

OPPORTUNE
Op`por*tune", a. Etym: [F. opporiun, L. opportunus, lit., at or
before the port; ob (see Ob-) + a derivative of portus port, harbor.
See Port harbor.]

Defn: Convenient; ready; hence, seasonable; timely. Milton.
This is most opportune to our need. Shak.
-- Op`por*tune"ly, adv.
 -- Op`por*tune"ness, n.

OPPORTUNE
Op`por*tune", v. t.

Defn: To suit. [Obs.] Dr. Clerke(1637).

OPPORTUNISM
Op`por*tun"ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. opportunisme.]

Defn: The art or practice of taking advantage of opportunities or
circumstances, or of seeking immediate advantage with little regard
for ultimate consequences. [Recent]

OPPORTUNIST
Op`por*tun"ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. opportuniste.]

Defn: One who advocates or practices opportunism. [Recent]

OPPORTUNITY
Op`por*tu"ni*ty, n.; pl. Opportunities. Etym: [F. opportunité, L.
opportunitas. See Opportune.]

1. Fit or convenient time; a time or place favorable for executing a
purpose; a suitable combination of conditions; suitable occasion;
chance.
A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds. Bacon.

2. Convenience of situation; fitness. [Obs.]
Hull, a town of great strength and opportunity, both to sea and land
affairs. Milton.

3. Importunity; earnestness. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- Occasion; convenience; occurrence.
 -- Opportunity, Occasion. An occasion is that which falls in our
way, or presents itself in the course of events; an opportunity is a
convenience or fitness of time, place, etc., for the doing of a
thing. Hence, occasions often make opportunities. The occasion of
sickness may give opportunity for reflection.

OPPOSABILITY
Op*pos`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being opposable.
In no savage have I ever seen the slightest approach to opposability
of the great toe, which is the essential distinguishing feature of
apes. A. R. Wallace.

OPPOSABLE
Op*pos"a*ble, a.

1. Capable of being opposed or resisted.

2. Capable of being placed opposite something else; as, the thumb is
opposable to the forefinger.

OPPOSAL
Op*pos"al, n.

Defn: Opposition. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.

OPPOSE
Op*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Opposed; p. pr. & vb. n. Opposing.]
Etym: [F. opposer. See Ob-, Pose, and cf.2d Appose, Puzzle, n. Cf.L.
opponere, oppositum.]

1. To place in front of, or over against; to set opposite; to
exhibit.
Her grace sat down . . . In a rich chair of state; opposing freely
The beauty of her person to the people. Shak.

2. To put in opposition, with a view to counterbalance or
countervail; to set against; to offer antagonistically.
I may . . . oppose my single opinion to his. Locke.

3. To resist or antagonize by physical means, or by arguments, etc.;
to contend against; to confront; to resist; to withstand; as, to
oppose the king in battle; to oppose a bill in Congress.

4. To compete with; to strive against; as, to oppose a rival for a
prize.
I am . . . too weak To oppose your cunning. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To combat; withstand; contradict; deny; gainsay; oppugn;
contravene; check; obstruct.

OPPOSE
Op*pose", v. i.

1. To be set opposite. Shak.

2. To act adversely or in opposition; -- with against or to; as, a
servant opposed against the act. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To make objection or opposition in controversy.

OPPOSELESS
Op*pose"less, a.

Defn: Not to be effectually opposed; irresistible. [Obs.] "Your great
opposeless wills." Shak.

OPPOSER
Op*pos"er, n.

Defn: One who opposes; an opponent; an antagonist; an adversary.

OPPOSITE
Op"po*site, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. oppositus, p. p. of opponere. See
Opponent.]

1. Placed over against; standing or situated over against or in
front; facing; -- often with to; as, a house opposite to the
Exchange.

2. Applied to the other of two things which are entirely different;
other; as, the opposite sex; the opposite extreme.

3. Extremely different; inconsistent; contrary; repugnant;
antagonistic.
Novels, by which the reader is misled into another sort of pieasure
opposite to that which is designed in an epic poem. Dryden.
Particles of speech have divers, and sometimes almost opposite,
significations. Locke.

4. (Bot.)
(a) Set over against each other, but separated by the whole diameter
of the stem, as two leaves at the same node.
(b) Placed directly in front of another part or organ, as a stamen
which stands before a petal.

OPPOSITE
Op"po*site, n.

1. One who opposes; an opponent; an antagonist. [Obs.]
The opposites of this day's strife. Shak.

2. That which is opposed or contrary; as, sweetness and its opposite.
The virtuous man meets with more opposites and opponents than any
other. Landor.

OPPOSITELY
Op"po*site*ly, adv.

Defn: In a situation to face each other; in an opposite manner or
direction; adversely.
Winds from all quarters oppositely blow. May.

OPPOSITENESS
Op"po*site*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being opposite.

OPPOSITIFOLIOUS
Op*pos`i*ti*fo"li*ous, a. Etym: [See Opposite, Folious.] (Bot.)

Defn: Placed at the same node with a leaf, but separated from it by
the whole diameter of the stem; as, an oppositifolious peduncle.

OPPOSITION
Op`po*si"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. oppositio. See Opposite.]

1. The act of opposing; an attempt to check, restrain, or defeat;
resistance.
The counterpoise of so great an opposition. Shak.
Virtue which breaks through all opposition. Milton.

2. The state of being placed over against; situation so as to front
something else. Milton.

3. Repugnance; contrariety of sentiment, interest, or purpose;
antipathy. Shak.

4. That which opposes; an obstacle; specifically, the aggregate of
persons or things opposing; hence, in politics and parliamentary
practice, the party opposed to the party in power.

5. (Astron.)

Defn: The situation of a heavenly body with respect to another when
in the part of the heavens directly opposite to it; especially, the
position of a planet or satellite when its longitude differs from
that of the sun 180º; -- signified by the symbol as, .

6. (Logic)

Defn: The relation between two propositions when, having the same
subject and predicate, they differ in quantity, or in quality, or in
both; or between two propositions which have the same matter but a
different form.

OPPOSITIONIST
Op`po*si"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who belongs to the opposition party. Praed.

OPPOSITIPETALOUS
Op*pos`i*ti*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [See Opposite, and Petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Placed in front of a petal.

OPPOSITISEPALOUS
Op*pos`i*ti*sep"al*ous, a. Etym: [See Opposite, and Sepal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Placed in front of a sepal.

OPPOSITIVE
Op*pos`i*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. oppositif. See Opposite.]

Defn: Capable of being put in opposition. Bp. Hall.

OPPRESS
Op*press", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oppressed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Oppressing.] Etym: [F. oppresser, LL. oppressare, fr. L. oppressus,
p. p. of opprimere; ob (see Ob-) + premere to press. See Press.]

1. To impose excessive burdens upon; to overload; hence, to treat
with unjust rigor or with cruelty. Wyclif.
For thee, oppressèd king, am I cast down. Shak.
Behold the kings of the earth; how they oppress Thy chosen ! Milton.

2. To ravish; to violate. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. To put down; to crush out; to suppress. [Obs.]
The mutiny he there hastes to oppress. Shak.

4. To produce a sensation of weight in (some part of the body); as,
my lungs are oppressed by the damp air; excess of food oppresses the
stomach.

OPPRESSION
Op*pres"sion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. oppressio.]

1. The act of oppressing, or state of being oppressed.

2. That which oppresses; a hardship or injustice; cruelty; severity;
tyranny. "The multitude of oppressions." Job xxxv. 9.

3. A sense of heaviness or obstruction in the body or mind;
depression; dullness; lassitude; as, an oppression of spirits; an
oppression of the lungs.
There gentlee Sleep First found me, and with soft oppression seized
My drowsed sense. Milton.

4. Ravishment; rape. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OPPRESSIVE
Op*press"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. oppressif.]

1. Unreasonably burdensome; unjustly severe, rigorous, or harsh; as,
oppressive taxes; oppressive exactions of service; an oppressive game
law. Macaulay.

2. Using oppression; tyrannical; as, oppressive authority or
commands.

3. Heavy; overpowering; hard to be borne; as, oppressive grief or
woe.
To ease the soul of one oppressive weight. Pope.
-- Op*press"ive*ly, adv.
 -- Op*press"ive*ness, n.

OPPRESSOR
Op*press"or, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who oppresses; one who imposes unjust burdens on others;
one who harasses others with unjust laws or unreasonable severity.
The orphan pines while the oppressor feeds. Shak.
To relieve the oppressed and to punish the oppressor. Swift.

OPPRESSURE
Op*pres"sure, n.

Defn: Oppression. [Obs.]

OPPROBRIOUS
Op*pro"bri*ous, a. Etym: [L. opprobriosus, fr. opprobrium. See
Opprobrium.]

1. Expressive of opprobrium; attaching disgrace; reproachful;
scurrilous; as, opprobrious language.
They . . . vindicate themselves in terms no less opprobrious than
those by which they are attacked. Addison.

2. Infamous; despised; rendered hateful; as, an opprobrious name.
This dark, opprobrious den of shame. Milton.
-- Op*pro"bri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Op*pro"bri*ous*ness, n.

OPPROBRIUM
Op*pro"bri*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. ob (see Ob-) + probrum reproach,
disgrace.]

Defn: Disgrace; infamy; reproach mingled with contempt; abusive
language.
Being both dramatic author and dramatic performer, he found himself
heir to a twofold opprobrium. De Quincey.

OPPROBRY
Op*pro"bry, n.

Defn: Opprobrium. [Obs.] Johnson.

OPPUGN
Op*pugn", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oppugned; p pr. & vb. n. Oppugning.]
Etym: [OF. oppugner, L. oppugnare; ob (see Ob-) + pugnare to fight.
See Impugn.]

Defn: To fight against; to attack; to be in conflict with; to oppose;
to resist.
They said the manner of their impeachment they could not but conceive
did oppugn the rights of Parliament. Clarendon.

OPPUGNANCY
Op*pug"nan*cy, n. Etym: [See Oppugnant.]

Defn: The act of oppugning; opposition; resistance. Shak.

OPPUGNANT
Op*pug"nant, a. Etym: [L. oppugnans, p. pr. of oppugnare. See
Oppugn.]

Defn: Tending to awaken hostility; hostile; opposing; warring.
"Oppugnant forces." I. Taylor.
 -- n.

Defn: An opponent. [R.] Coleridge.

OPPUGNATION
Op`pug*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. oppugnatio: cf. OF. oppugnation.]

Defn: Opposition. [R.] Bp. Hall.

OPPUGNER
Op*pugn"er, n.

Defn: One who opposes or attacks; that which opposes. Selden.

OPSIMATHY
Op*sim"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Education late in life. [R.] Hales.

OPSIOMETER
Op`si*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. opsiomètre.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the limits of distincts vision in
different individuals, and thus determiming the proper focal length
of a lens for correcting imperfect sight. Brande & C.

OPSONATION
Op`so*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. opsonatio.]

Defn: A catering; a buying of provisions. [Obs.] Bailey.

OPTABLE
Op"ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. optabilis.]

Defn: That may be chosen; desirable. [Obs.] Cockeram.

OPTATE
Op"tate, v. i. Etym: [L. optatus, p. p. of optare.]

Defn: To choose; to wish for; to desire. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

OPTATION
Op*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. optatio. See Option.]

Defn: The act of optating; a wish. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

OPTATIVE
Op"ta*tive, a. Etym: [L. optativus: cf. F. optatif.]

Defn: Expressing desire or wish. Fuller. Optative mood (Gram.), that
mood or form of a verb, as in Greek, Sanskrit, etc., in which a wish
or desire is expressed.

OPTATIVE
Op"ta*tive, n. Etym: [Cf. F. optatif.]

1. Something to be desired. [R.] Bacon.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: The optative mood; also, a verb in the optative mood.

OPTATIVELY
Op"ta*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an optative manner; with the expression of desire. [R.]
God blesseth man imperatively, and man blesseth God optatively. Bp.
Hall.

OPTIC
Op"tic, n. Etym: [From Optic, a.]

1. The organ of sight; an eye.
The difference is as great between The optics seeing, as the object
seen. Pope.

2. An eyeglass. [Obs.] Herbert.

OPTIC; OPTICAL
Op"tic, Op"tic*al, a. Etym: [F. optique, Gr. oculus eye. See Ocular,
Eye, and cf. Canopy, Ophthalmia.]

1. Of or pertaining to vision or sight.
The moon, whose orb Through optic glass the Tuscan artist views.
Milton.

2. Of or pertaining to the eye; ocular; as, the optic nerves (the
first pair of cranial nerves) which are distributed to the retina.
See Illust. of Brain, and Eye.

3. Relating to the science of optics; as, optical works. Optic angle
(Opt.), the angle included between the optic axes of the two eyes
when directed to the same point; -- sometimes called binocular
parallax.
 -- Optic axis. (Opt.) (a) A line drawn through the center of the eye
perpendicular to its anterior and posterior surfaces. In a normal eye
it is in the direction of the optic axis that objects are most
distinctly seen. (b) The line in a doubly refracting crystal, in the
direction of which no double refraction occurs. A uniaxial crystal
has one such line, a biaxial crystal has two.
 -- Optical circle (Opt.), a graduated circle used for the
measurement of angles in optical experiments.
 -- Optical square, a surveyor's instrument with reflectors for
laying off right angles.

OPTICALLY
Op"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By optics or sight; with reference to optics. Optically active,
Optically inactive (Chem. Physics), terms used of certain metameric
substances which, while identical with each other in other respects,
differ in this, viz., that they do or do not produce right-handed or
left-handed circular polarization of light.
 -- Optically positive, Optically negative. See under Refraction.

OPTICIAN
Op*ti"cian, n. Etym: [Cf. F. opticien. See Optic, a.]

1. One skilled in optics. [R.] A. Smith.

2. One who deals in optical glasses and instruments.

OPTICS
Op"tics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. optique, L. optice, Gr. Optic.]

Defn: That branch of physical science which treats of the nature and
properties of light, the laws of its modification by opaque and
transparent bodies, and the phenomena of vision.

OPTIGRAPH
Op"ti*graph, n. Etym: [Optic + -graph: cf. F. opticographe. See
Optic, a. ]

Defn: A telescope with a diagonal eyepiece, suspended vertically in
gimbals by the object end beneath a fixed diagonal plane mirror. It
is used for delineating landscapes, by means of a pencil at the eye
end which leaves the delineation on paper.

OPTIMACY
Op"ti*ma*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. optimatie. See Optimate.]

1. Government by the nobility. [R.] Howell.

2. Collectively, the nobility. [R.]

OPTIMATE
Op"ti*mate, a. Etym: [L. optimas, -atis, adj., optimates, n. pl., the
adherents of the best men, the aristocrats, fr. optimus the best.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the nobility or aristocracy. [R.] -- n.

Defn: A nobleman or aristocrat; a chief man in a state or city. [R.]
Chapman.

OPTIMATES
Op`ti*ma"tes, n. pl. Etym: [L. See Optimate.]

Defn: The nobility or aristocracy of ancient Rome, as opposed to the
populares.

OPTIME
Op"ti*me, n. Etym: [L., adv. fr. optimus the best.]

Defn: One of those who stand in the second rank of honors,
immediately after the wranglers, in the University of Cambridge,
England. They are divided into senior and junior optimes.

OPTIMISM
Op"ti*mism, n. Etym: [L. optimus the best; akin to optio choice: cf.
F. optimisme. See Option.]

1. (Metaph.)

Defn: The opinion or doctrine that everything in nature, being the
work of God, is ordered for the best, or that the ordering of things
in the universe is such as to produce the highest good.

2. A disposition to take the most hopeful view; -- opposed to
pessimism.

OPTIMIST
Op"ti*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. optimiste.]

1. (Metaph.)

Defn: One who holds the opinion that all events are ordered for the
best.

2. One who looks on the bright side of things, or takes hopeful
views; -- opposed to pessimist.

OPTIMISTIC
Op`ti*mis"tic, a.

1. (Metaph.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to optimism; tending, or conforming, to the
opinion that all events are ordered for the best.

2. Hopeful; sanguine; as, an optimistic view.

OPTIMITY
Op*tim"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. optimitas, fr. optimus the best.]

Defn: The state of being best. [R.] Bailey.

OPTION
Op"tion, n. Etym: [L. optio; akin to optare to choose, wish, optimus
best, and perh. to E. apt: cf. F. option.]

1. The power of choosing; the right of choice or election; an
alternative.
There is an option left to the United States of America, whether they
will be respectable and prosperous, or contemptible and miserable, as
a nation. Washington.

2. The exercise of the power of choice; choice.
Transplantation must proceed from the option of the people, else it
sounds like an exile. Bacon.

3. A wishing; a wish. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

4. (Ch. of Eng.)

Defn: A right formerly belonging to an archbishop to select any one
dignity or benefice in the gift of a suffragan bishop consecrated or
confirmed by him, for bestowal by himself when next vacant; --
annulled by Parliament in 1845.

5. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: A stipulated privilege, given to a party in a time contract, of
demanding its fulfillment on any day within a specified limit.
Buyer's option, an option allowed to one who contracts to buy stocks
at a certain future date and at a certain price, to demand the
delivery of the stock (giving one day's notice) at any previous time
at the market price.
 -- Seller's option, an option allowed to one who contracts to
deliver stock art a certain price on a certain future date, to
deliver it (giving one day's notice) at any previous time at the
market price. Such options are privileges for which a consideration
is paid.
 -- Local option. See under Local.

Syn.
 -- Choice; preference; selection.
 -- Option, Choice. Choice is an act of choosing; option often means
liberty to choose, and implies freedom from constraint in the act of
choosing.

OPTIONAL
Op"tion*al, a.

Defn: Involving an option; depending on the exercise of an option;
left to one's discretion or choice; not compulsory; as, optional
studies; it is optional with you to go or stay.
 -- n.

Defn: See Elective, n.
If to the former the movement was not optional, it was the same that
the latter chose when it was optional. Palfrey.
Original writs are either optional or peremptory. Blackstone.

OPTIONALLY
Op"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an optional manner.

OPTOCOELE; OPTOCOELIA
Op"to*coele, Op`to*coe"li*a, n. Etym: [NL. optocoelia, fr. Gr.
(Anat.)

Defn: The cavity of one of the optic lobes of the brain in many
animals. B. G. Wilder.

OPTOGRAM
Op"to*gram, n. Etym: [Optic + -gram: cf. F. optogramme.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An image of external objects fixed on the retina by the
photochemical action of light on the visual purple. See Optography.

OPTOGRAPHY
Op*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Optic + -graphy.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The production of an optogram on the retina by the
photochemical action of light on the visual purple; the fixation of
an image in the eye. The object so photographed shows white on a
purple or red background. See Visual purple, under Visual.

OPTOMETER
Op*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Optic + -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the distance of distinct vision,
mainly for the selection of eveglasses.

OPTOMETRIST
Op*tom"e*trist, n.

Defn: One who is skilled in or practices optometry.

OPTOMETRY
Op*tom"e*try, n.

1. (Med.) Measurement of the range of vision, esp. by means of the
optometer.

2.  As defined (with minor variations) in the statutes of various
States of the United States:
 (a) "The employment of subjective and objective mechanical means to
determine the accomodative and refractive states of the eye and the
scope of its function in general."
 (b) "The employment of any means, other than the use of drugs, for
the measurement of the powers of vision and adaptation of lenses for
the aid thereof."

OPULENCE
Op"u*lence, n. Etym: [L. opulentia: cf. F. opulence. See Opulent.]

Defn: Wealth; riches; affluence. Swift

OPULENCY
Op"u*len*cy, n.

Defn: See Opulence. Shak.

OPULENT
Op"u*lent, a. Etym: [L. opulens, opulentus, fr. ops, opis, power,
wealth, riches, perh. akin to E. apt: cf. F. opulent. Cf. Copious,
Couple, Office.]

Defn: Having a large estate or property; wealthy; rich; affluent; as,
an opulent city; an opulent citizen.
 -- Op"u*lent*ly, adv.
I will piece Her opulent throne with kingdoms. Shak.

OPUNTIA
O*pun"ti*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of cactaceous plants; the prickly pear, or Indian fig.

OPUS
O"pus, n.; pl. Opera. Etym: [L. See Opera.]

Defn: A work; specif. (Mus.), a musical composition.

Note: Each composition, or set of pieces, as the composer may choose,
is called an opus, and they are numbered in the order of their issue.
(Often abbrev. to op.)

Opus incertum. Etym: [L.] (Arch.) See under Incertum.

OPUSCLE; OPUSCULE
O*pus"cle, O*pus"cule, n. Etym: [L. opusculum, dim. of opus work: cf.
F. opuscule.]

Defn: A small or petty work.

OPUSCULUM
O*pus"cu*lum, n.; pl. Opuscula. Etym: [L.]

Defn: An opuscule. Smart.

OPYE
O"pye, n.

Defn: Opium. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OQUASSA
O*quas"sa, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, handsome trout (Salvelinus oquassa), found in some of
the lakes in Maine; -- called also blueback trout.

-OR
-or. Etym: [L. -or: cf. OF. -or, -ur, -our, F. -eur.]

1. A noun suffix denoting an act; a state or quality; as in error,
fervor, pallor, candor, etc.

2. A noun suffix denoting an agent or doer; as in auditor, one who
hears; donor, one who gives; obligor, elevator. It is correlative to
-ee. In general -or is appended to words of Latin, and -er to those
of English, origin. See -er.

OR
Or, conj. Etym: [OE. or, outher, other, auther, either, or, AS. aw,
contr. from ahwæ; a aye + hwæ whether. See Aye, and Whether, and cf.
Either.]

Defn: A particle that marks an alternative; as, you may read or may
write, -- that is, you may do one of the things at your pleasure, but
not both. It corresponds to either. You may ride either to London or
to Windsor. It often connects a series of words or propositions,
presenting a choice of either; as, he may study law, or medicine, or
divinity, or he may enter into trade.
If man's convenience, health, Or safety interfere, his rights and
claims Are paramount. Cowper.

Note: Or may be used to join as alternatives terms expressing unlike
things or ideas (as, is the orange sour or sweet), or different terms
expressing the same thing or idea; as, this is a sphere, or globe.

Note: Or sometimes begins a sentence. In this case it expresses an
alternative or subjoins a clause differing from the foregoing. "Or
what man is there of you, who, if his son shall ask him for a loaf,
will give him a stone" Matt. vii. 9 (Rev. Ver. ). Or for either is
archaic or poetic.
Maugre thine heed, thou must for indigence Or steal, or beg, or
borrow thy dispence. Chaucer.

OR
Or, prep. & adv. Etym: [AS. ere, before. sq. root204. See Ere, prep.
& adv.]

Defn: Ere; before; sooner than. [Obs.]
But natheless, while I have time and space, Or that I forther in this
tale pace. Chaucer.
Or ever, Or ere. See under Ever, and Ere.

OR
Or, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. aurum gold. Cf. Aureate.] (Her.)

Defn: Yellow or gold color, -- represented in drawing or engraving by
small dots.

ORA
O"ra, n. Etym: [AS. See 2d Ore.]

Defn: A money of account among the Anglo-Saxons, valued, in the
Domesday Book, at twenty pence sterling.

ORABASSU
O`ra*bas"su, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American monkey of the genus Callithrix, esp. C.
Moloch.

ORACH; ORACHE
Or"ach, Or"ache, n. Etym: [F. arroche, corrupted fr. L. atriplex, Gr.
Arrach.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus (Atriplex) of herbs or low shrubs of the Goosefoot
family, most of them with a mealy surface. Garden orache, a plant
(Atriplex hortensis), often used as a pot herb; -- also called
mountain spinach.

ORACLE
Or"a*cle, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. oraculum, fr. orare to speak, utter,
pray, fr. os, oris, mouth. See Oral.]

1. The answer of a god, or some person reputed to be a god, to an
inquiry respecting some affair or future event, as the success of an
enterprise or battle.
Whatso'er she saith, for oracles must stand. Drayton.

2. Hence: The deity who was supposed to give the answer; also, the
place where it was given.
The oracles are dumb; No voice or hideous hum Runs through the arched
roof in words deceiving. Milton.

3. The communications, revelations, or messages delivered by God to
the prophets; also, the entire sacred Scriptures -- usually in the
plural.
The first principles of the oracles of God. Heb. v. 12.

4. (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: The sanctuary, or Most Holy place in the temple; also, the
temple itself. 1 Kings vi. 19.
Siloa's brook, that flow'd Fast by the oracle of God. Milton.

5. One who communicates a divine command; an angel; a prophet.
God hath now sent his living oracle Into the world to teach his final
will. Milton.

6. Any person reputed uncommonly wise; one whose decisions are
regarded as of great authority; as, a literary oracle. "Oracles of
mode." Tennyson.
The country rectors . . . thought him an oracle on points of
learning. Macaulay.

7. A wise sentence or decision of great authority.

ORACLE
Or"a*cle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Oracled; p. pr. & vb. n. Oracling.]

Defn: To utter oracles. [Obs.]

ORACULAR
O*rac"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. oracularius. See Oracle.]

1. Of or pertaining to an oracle; uttering oracles; forecasting the
future; as, an oracular tongue.

2. Resembling an oracle in some way, as in solemnity, wisdom,
authority, obscurity, ambiguity, dogmatism.
They have something venerable and oracular in that unadorned gravity
and shortness in the expression. Pope.
-- O*rac"u*lar*ly, adv.
 -- O*rac"u*lar*ness, n.

ORACULOUS
O*rac"u*lous, a.

Defn: Oracular; of the nature of an oracle. [R.] "Equivocations, or
oraculous speeches." Bacon. "The oraculous seer." Pope.
 -- O*rac"u*lous*ly, adv.
 -- O*rac"u*lous*ness, n.

ORAGIOUS
O*ra"gious, a. Etym: [F. orageux.]

Defn: Stormy. [R.]

ORAISON
Or"ai*son, n.

Defn: See Orison. [Obs.] Shak.

ORAL
O"ral, a. Etym: [L. os, oris, the mouth, akin to Skr. as. Cf. Adore,
Orison, Usher.]

1. Uttered by the mouth, or in words; spoken, not written; verbal;
as, oral traditions; oral testimony; oral law.

2. Of or pertaining to the mouth; surrounding or lining the mouth;
as, oral cilia or cirri.

ORALLY
O"ral*ly, adv.

1. In an oral manner. Tillotson.

2. By, with, or in, the mouth; as, to receive the sacrament orally.
[Obs.] Usher.

ORANG
O*rang", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Orang-outang.

ORANGE
Or"ange, n. Etym: [F.; cf. It. arancia, arancio, LL. arangia, Sp.
naranjia, Pg. laranja; all fr. Ar. naranj, Per. naranj, narang; cf.
Skr. naranga orange tree. The o- in F. orange is due to confusion
with or gold, L. aurum, because the orange resembles gold in color.]

1. The fruit of a tree of the genus Citrus (C. Aurantium). It is
usually round, and consists of pulpy carpels, commonly ten in number,
inclosed in a leathery rind, which is easily separable, and is
reddish yellow when ripe.

Note: There are numerous varieties of oranges; as, the bitter orange,
which is supposed to be the original stock; the navel orange, which
has the rudiment of a second orange imbedded in the top of the fruit;
the blood orange, with a reddish juice; and the horned orange, in
which the carpels are partly separated.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The tree that bears oranges; the orange tree.

3. The color of an orange; reddish yellow. Mandarin orange. See
Mandarin.
 -- Mock orange (Bot.), any species of shrubs of the genus
Philadelphus, which have whitish and often fragrant blossoms.
 -- Native orange, or Orange thorn (Bot.), an Australian shrub
(Citriobatus parviflorus); also, its edible yellow berries.
 -- Orange bird (Zoöl.), a tanager of Jamaica (Tanagra zena); -- so
called from its bright orange breast.
 -- Orange cowry (Zoöl.), a large, handsome cowry (Cypræa aurantia),
highly valued by collectors of shells on account of its rarity.
 -- Orange grass (Bot.), an inconspicuous annual American plant
(Hypericum Sarothra), having minute, deep yellow flowers.
 -- Orange oil (Chem.), an oily, terpenelike substance obtained from
orange rind, and distinct from neroli oil, which is obtained from the
flowers.
 -- Orange pekoe, a kind of black tea.
 -- Orange pippin, an orange-colored apple with acid flavor.
 -- Quito orange, the orangelike fruit of a shrubby species of
nightshade (Solanum Quitoense), native in Quito.
 -- Orange scale (Zoöl.) any species of scale insects which infests
orange trees; especially, the purple scale (Mytilaspis citricola),
the long scale (M. Gloveri), and the red scale (Aspidiotus Aurantii).

ORANGE
Or"ange, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an orange; of the color of an orange;
reddish yellow; as, an orange ribbon.

ORANGEADE
Or`ange*ade", n. Etym: [F., fr. orange.]

Defn: A drink made of orange juice and water, corresponding to
lemonade; orange sherbet.

ORANGEAT
Or`an*geat", n. Etym: [F., fr. orange.]

Defn: Candied orange peel; also, orangeade.

ORANGEISM
Or"ange*ism, n.

Defn: Attachment to the principles of the society of Orangemen; the
tenets or practices of the Orangemen.

ORANGEMAN
Or"ange*man, n.; pl. -men (.

Defn: One of a secret society, organized in the north of Ireland in
1795, the professed objects of which are the defense of the regning
sovereign of Great Britain, the support of the Protestant religion,
the maintenance of the laws of the kingdom, etc.; -- so called in
honor of William, Prince of Orange, who became William III. of
England.

ORANGEROOT
Or"ange*root`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An American ranunculaceous plant (Hidrastis Canadensis), having
a yellow tuberous root; -- also called yellowroot, golden seal, etc.

ORANGERY
Or"an*ger*y, n. Etym: [F. orangerie, fr. orange. See Orange.]

Defn: A place for raising oranges; a plantation of orange trees.

ORANGETAWNY
Or"ange*taw`ny, a. & n.

Defn: Deep orange-yellow; dark yellow. Shak.

ORANGITE
Or"an*gite, (Min.)

Defn: An orange-yellow variety of the mineral thorite, found in
Norway.

ORANG-OUTANG
O*rang"-ou*tang`, n. Etym: [Malayan , i. e., man of the woods; man +
a forest, wood, wild, savage.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An arboreal anthropoid ape (Simia satyrus), which inhabits
Borneo and Sumatra. Often called simply orang. [Written also orang-
outan, orang-utan, ourang-utang, and oran-utan.]

Note: It is over four feet high, when full grown, and has very long
arms, which reach nearly or quite to the ground when the body is
erect. Its color is reddish brown. In structure, it closely resembles
man in many respects.

ORARIAN
O*ra"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. orarius, fr. ora coast.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a coast.

ORATION
O*ra"tion, n.Etym: [L. oratio, fr. orare to speak, utter, pray. See
Oral, Orison.]

Defn: An elaborate discourse, delivered in public, treating an
important subject in a formal and dignified manner; especially, a
discourse having reference to some special occasion, as a funeral, an
anniversary, a celebration, or the like; -- distinguished from an
argument in court, a popular harangue, a sermon, a lecture, etc.; as,
Webster's oration at Bunker Hill.
The lord archbishop . . . made a long oration. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Address; speech. See Harangue.

ORATION
O*ra"tion, v. i.

Defn: To deliver an oration. Donne.

ORATOR
Or"a*tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. orare to speak, utter. See Oration.]

1. A public speaker; one who delivers an oration; especially, one
distinguished for his skill and power as a public speaker; one who is
eloquent.
I am no orator, as Brutus is. Shak.
Some orator renowned In Athens or free Rome. Milton.

2. (Law)
(a) In equity proceedings, one who prays for relief; a petitioner.
(b) A plaintiff, or complainant, in a bill in chancery. Burrill.

3. (Eng. Universities)

Defn: An officer who is the voice of the university upon all public
occasions, who writes, reads, and records all letters of a public
nature, presents, with an appropriate address, those persons on whom
honorary degrees are to be conferred, and performs other like duties;
-- called also public orator.

ORATORIAL
Or`a*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Oratorical. [R.] Swift. --Or`a*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

ORATORIAN
Or`a*to"ri*an, a.

Defn: Oratorical. [Obs.] R. North.

ORATORIAN
Or`a*to"ri*an, n. Etym: [Cf. F. oratorien.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: See Fathers of the Oratory, under Oratory.

ORATORICAL
Or`a*tor"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an orator or to oratory; characterized by
oratory; rhetorical; becoming to an orator; as, an oratorical
triumph; an oratorical essay.
 -- Or`a*tor"ic*al*ly, adv.

ORATORIO
Or`a*to"ri*o, n. Etym: [It., fr. L. oratorius belonging to praying.
See Orator, and cf. Oratory.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A more or less dramatic text or poem, founded on some Scripture
nerrative, or great divine event, elaborately set to music, in
recitative, arias, grand choruses, etc., to be sung with an
orchestral accompaniment, but without action, scenery, or costume,
although the oratorio grew out of the Mysteries and the Miracle and
Passion plays, which were acted.

Note: There are instances of secular and mythological subjects
treated in the form of the oratorios, and called oratorios by their
composers; as Haydn's "Seasons," Handel's "Semele," etc.

2. Performance or rendering of such a composition.

ORATORIOUS
Or`a*to"ri*ous, a. Etym: [LL. oratorius.]

Defn: Oratorical. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
 -- Or`a*to"ri*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.]

ORATORIZE
Or"a*tor*ize, v. i.

Defn: To play the orator. [Jocose or derisive] Dickens.

ORATORY
Or"a*to*ry, n.; pl. Oratories. Etym: [OE. oratorie, fr. L. oratorium,
fr. oratorius of praying, of an orator: cf. F. oratoire. See Orator,
Oral, and cf. Oratorio.]

Defn: A place of orisons, or prayer; especially, a chapel or small
room set apart for private devotions.
An oratory [temple] . . . in worship of Dian. Chaucer.
Do not omit thy prayers for want of a good oratory, or place to pray
in. Jer. Taylor.
Fathers of the Oratory (R. C. Ch.), a society of priests founded by
St. Philip Neri, living in community, and not bound by a special vow.
The members are called also oratorians.

ORATORY
Or"a*to*ry, n. Etym: [L. oratoria (sc. ars) the oratorical art.]

Defn: The art of an orator; the art of public speaking in an eloquent
or effective manner; the exercise of rhetorical skill in oral
discourse; eloquence. "The oratory of Greece and Rome." Milton.
When a world of men Could not prevail with all their oratory. Shak.

ORATRESS
Or"a*tress, n.

Defn: A woman who makes public addresses. Warner.

ORATRIX
Or"a*trix, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A woman plaintiff, or complainant, in equity pleading. Burrill.

ORB
Orb, n. Etym: [OF. orb blind, fr. L. orbus destitute.] (Arch.)

Defn: A blank window or panel. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss.

ORB
Orb, n. Etym: [F. orbe, fr. L. orbis circle, orb. Cf. Orbit.]

1. A spherical body; a globe; especially, one of the celestial
spheres; a sun, planet, or star.
In the small orb of one particular tear. Shak.
Whether the prime orb, Incredible how swift, had thither rolled.
Milton.

2. One of the azure transparent spheres conceived by the ancients to
be inclosed one within another, and to carry the heavenly bodies in
their revolutions.

3. A circle; esp., a circle, or nearly circular orbit, described by
the revolution of a heavenly body; an orbit.
The schoolmen were like astronomers, which did feign eccentrics, and
epicycles, and such engines of orbs. Bacon.
You seem to me as Dian in her orb. Shak.
In orbs Of circuit inexpressible they stood, Orb within orb. Milton.

4. A period of time marked off by the revolution of a heavenly body.
[R.] Milton.

5. The eye, as luminous and spherical. [Poetic]
A drop serene hath quenched their orbs. Milton.

6. A revolving circular body; a wheel. [Poetic]
The orbs Of his fierce chariot rolled. Milton.

7. A sphere of action. [R.] Wordsworth.
But in our orbs we'll live so round and safe. Shak

8. Same as Mound, a ball or globe. See lst Mound.

9. (Mil.)

Defn: A body of soldiers drawn up in a circle, as for defense, esp.
infantry to repel cavalry.

Syn.
 -- Globe; ball; sphere. See Globe.

ORB
Orb, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Orbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Orbing.]

1. To form into an orb or circle. [Poetic] Milton. Lowell.

2. To encircle; to surround; to inclose. [Poetic]
The wheels were orbed with gold. Addison.

ORB
Orb, v. i.

Defn: To become round like an orb. [Poetic]
And orb into the perfect star. Tennyson.

ORBATE
Or"bate, a. Etym: [L. orbatus, p. p. of orbare to bereave, fr. orbus
bereaved of parents or children. See Orphan.]

Defn: Bereaved; fatherless; childless. [Obs.]

ORBATION
Or*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. orbatio.]

Defn: The state of being orbate, or deprived of parents or children;
privation, in general; bereavement. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

ORBED
Orbed, a.

Defn: Having the form of an orb; round.
The orbèd eyelids are let down. Trench.

ORBIC; ORBICAL
Or"bic, Or"bic*al, a. Etym: [L. orbicus, or orbitus, fr. orbis orb.]

Defn: Spherical; orbicular; orblike; circular. [R.] Bacon.

ORBICLE
Or"bi*cle, n. Etym: [L. orbiculus, dim. of orbis orb.]

Defn: A small orb, or sphere. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

ORBICULA
Or*bic"u*la, n. Etym: [NL. See Orbicle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Discina.

ORBICULAR
Or*bic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. orbicularis, fr. orbiculus, dim. of orbis
orb: cf. F. orbiculaire.]

Defn: Resembling or having the form of an orb; spherical; circular;
orbiculate.
 -- Or*bic"u*lar*ly, adv.
 -- Or*bic"u*lar*ness, n.
Orbicular as the disk of a planet. De Quincey.

ORBICULATE
Or*bic"u*late, n.

Defn: That which is orbiculate; especially, a solid the vertical
section of which is oval, and the horizontal section circular.

ORBICULATE; ORBICULATED
Or*bic"u*late, Or*bic"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. orbiculatus. See
Orbicular.]

Defn: Made, or being, in the form of an orb; having a circular, or
nearly circular, or a spheroidal, outline. Orbiculate leaf (Bot.), a
leaf whose outline is nearly circular.

ORBICULATION
Or*bic`u*la"tion, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being orbiculate; orbicularness. Dr. H.
More.

ORBIT
Or"bit, n. Etym: [L. orbita a track or rut made by a wheel, course,
circuit, fr. orbis a circle: cf. F. orbite. See 2d Orb.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: The path described by a heavenly body in its periodical
revolution around another body; as, the orbit of Jupiter, of the
earth, of the moon.

2. An orb or ball. [Rare & Improper]
Roll the lucid orbit of an eye. Young.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its
appendages are situated.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The skin which surrounds the eye of a bird.

ORBITAL
Or"bit*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an orbit. "Orbital revolution." J. D.
Forbes. Orbital index (Anat.), in the skull, the ratio of the
vertical height to the transverse width of the orbit, which is taken
as the standard, equal to 100.

ORBITAR
Or"bit*ar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. orbitaire.]

Defn: Orbital. [R.] Dunglison.

ORBITARY
Or"bit*a*ry, a.

Defn: Situated around the orbit; as, the orbitary feathers of a bird.

ORBITELAE
Or`bi*te"læ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. orbis an orb + tela a web.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of spiders, including those that make geometrical
webs, as the garden spider, or Epeira.

ORBITOLITES
Or`bi*to*li"tes, n. Etym: [NL. See Orbit, and -lite.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of living Foraminifera, forming broad, thin, circular
disks, containing numerous small chambers.

ORBITONASAL
Or`bi*to*na"sal, a. Etym: [Orbit + nasal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the orbit and the nose; as, the
orbitonasal, or ophthalmic, nerve.

ORBITOSPHENOID
Or`bi*to*sphe"noid, a. Etym: [Orbit + sphenoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sphenoid bone and the orbit, or to the
orbitosphenoid bone.
 -- n.

Defn: The orbitosphenoid bone, which is situated in the orbit on
either side of the presphenoid. It generally forms a part of the
sphenoid in the adult.

ORBITOSPHENOIDAL
Or`bi*to*sphe*noid"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the orbitosphenoid bone; orbitosphenoid.

ORBITUARY
Or*bit"u*a*ry, a.

Defn: Orbital. [R.]

ORBITUDE; ORBITY
Or"bi*tude, Or"bi*ty, n. Etym: [L. orbitudo, orbitas, fr. orbus: cf.
F. orbité. See Orbate.]

Defn: Orbation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

ORBULINA
Or`bu*li"na, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. orbis orb.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of minute living Foraminifera having a globular shell.

ORBY
Orb"y, a. Etym: [From 2d Orb.]

Defn: Orblike; having the course of an orb; revolving. [Obs.] "Orby
hours." Chapman.

ORC
Orc, n. Etym: [L. orca: cf. F. orque.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The grampus. [Written also ork and orch.] Milton.

ORCADIAN
Or*ca"di*an, a. Etym: [L. Orcades the Orkney Islands.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Orkney Islands.

ORCEIN
Or"ce*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A reddish brown amorphous dyestuff,

ORCHAL
Or"chal, n.

Defn: See Archil.

ORCHANET
Or"cha*net, n. Etym: [F. orcanète.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Alkanet, 2. Ainsworth.

ORCHARD
Or"chard, n. Etym: [AS. ortgeard, wyrtgeard, lit., wortyard, i. e., a
yard for herbs; wyrt herb + geard yard. See Wort, Yard inclosure.]

1. A garden. [Obs.]

2. An inclosure containing fruit trees; also, the fruit trees,
collectively; -- used especially of apples, peaches, pears, cherries,
plums, or the like, less frequently of nutbearing trees and of sugar
maple trees. Orchard grass (Bot.), a tall coarse grass (Dactylis
glomerata), introduced into the United States from Europe. It grows
usually in shady places, and is of value for forage and hay.
 -- Orchard house (Hort.), a glazed structure in which fruit trees
are reared in pots.
 -- Orchard oriole (Zool.), a bright-colored American oriole (Icterus
spurius), which frequents orchards. It is smaller and darker thah the
Baltimore oriole.

ORCHARDING
Or"chard*ing, n.

1. The cultivation of orchards.

2. Orchards, in general.

ORCHARDIST
Or"chard*ist, n.

Defn: One who cultivates an orchard.

ORCHEL
Or"chel, n.

Defn: Archil.

ORCHESOGRAPHY
Or`che*sog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A treatise upon dancing. [R.]

ORCHESTER
Or"ches*ter, n.

Defn: See Orchestra.

ORCHESTIAN
Or*ches"tian, n. Etym: [From Gr. Orchestra.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of amphipod crustacean of the genus Orchestia, or
family Orchestidæ. See Beach flea, under Beach.

ORCHESTRA
Or"ches*tra, n. Etym: [L. orchestra, Gr. orchestre.]

1. The space in a theater between the stage and the audience; --
originally appropriated by the Greeks to the chorus and its
evolutions, afterward by the Romans to persons of distinction, and by
the moderns to a band of instrumental musicians.

2. The place in any public hall appropriated to a band of
instrumental musicians.

3. (Mus.)
(a) Loosely: A band of instrumental musicians performing in a
theater, concert hall, or other place of public amusement.
(b) Strictly: A band suitable for the performance of symphonies,
overtures, etc., as well as for the accompaniment of operas,
oratorios, cantatas, masses, and the like, or of vocal and
instrumental solos.
(c) A band composed, for the largest part, of players of the various
viol instruments, many of each kind, together with a proper
complement of wind instruments of wood and brass; -- as distinguished
from a military or street band of players on wind instruments, and
from an assemblage of solo players for the rendering of concerted
pieces, such as septets, octets, and the like.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: The instruments employed by a full band, collectively; as, an
orchestra of forty stringed instruments, with proper complement of
wind instruments.

ORCHESTRAL
Or"ches*tral, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an orchestra; suitable for, or performed in
or by, an orchestra.

ORCHESTRATION
Or`ches*tra"tion, n. (Mus.)

Defn: The arrangement of music for an orchestra; orchestral treatment
of a composition; -- called also instrumentation.

ORCHESTRE
Or"ches*tre, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Orchestra.

ORCHESTRIC
Or*ches"tric, a.

Defn: Orchestral.

ORCHESTRION
Or*ches"tri*on, n.

Defn: A large music box imitating a variety of orchestral
instruments.

ORCHID
Or"chid, n. Etym: [See Orchis.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the order Orchidaceæ. See Orchidaceous.

ORCHIDACEOUS
Or`chi*da"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order (Orchidaceæ) of
endogenous plants of which the genus Orchis is the type. They are
mostly perennial herbs having the stamens and pistils united in a
single column, and normally three petals and three sepals, all
adherent to the ovary. The flowers are curiously shaped, often
resembling insects, the odd or lower petal (called the lip) being
unlike the others, and sometimes of a strange and unexpected
appearance. About one hundred species occur in the United States, but
several thousand in the tropics.

Note: Over three hundred genera are recognized.

ORCHIDEAN
Or*chid"e*an, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Orchidaceous.

ORCHIDEOUS
Or*chid"e*ous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Orchidaceous.

ORCHIDOLOGIST
Or`chid*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in orchidology.

ORCHIDOLOGY
Or`chid*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The branch of botany which treats of orchids.

ORCHIL
Or"chil, n.

Defn: See Archil.

ORCHILLA WEED
Or*chil"la weed`. (Bot.)

Defn: The lichen from which archil is obtained. See Archil.

ORCHIS
Or"chis, n.; pl. Orchises. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of endogenous plants growing in the North Temperate
zone, and consisting of about eighty species. They are perennial
herbs growing from a tuber (beside which is usually found the last
year's tuber also), and are valued for their showy flowers. See
Orchidaceous.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the same family with the orchis; an orchid.

Note: The common names, such as bee orchis, fly orchis, butterfly
orchis, etc., allude to the peculiar form of the flower.

ORCHITIS
Or*chi"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the testicles.

ORCHOTOMY
Or*chot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of cutting out or removing a testicle by the
knife; castration.

ORCIN
Or"cin, n. Etym: [Etymology uncertain: cf. F. orcine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless crystalline substance, C6H3.CH3.(OH)2, which is
obtained from certain lichens (Roccella, Lecanora, etc.), also from
extract of aloes, and artificially from certain derivatives of
toluene. It changes readily into orcein.

ORD
Ord, n. Etym: [AS. ord point.]

Defn: An edge or point; also, a beginning. [ Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Chaucer. Ord and end, the beginning and end. Cf. Odds and ends, under
Odds. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. Halliwell.

ORDAIN
Or*dain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ordained; p. pr. & vb. n. Ordaining.]
Etym: [OE. ordeinen, OF. ordener, F. ordonner, fr. L. ordinare, from
ordo, ordinis, order. See Order, and cf. Ordinance.]

1. To set in order; to arrange according to rule; to regulate; to
set; to establish. "Battle well ordained." Spenser.
The stake that shall be ordained on either side. Chaucer.

2. To regulate, or establish, by appointment, decree, or law; to
constitute; to decree; to appoint; to institute.
Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month. 1 Kings xii. 32.
And doth the power that man adores ordain Their doom Byron.

3. To set apart for an office; to appoint.
Being ordained his special governor. Shak.

4. (Eccl.)

Defn: To invest with ministerial or sacerdotal functions; to
introduce into the office of the Christian ministry, by the laying on
of hands, or other forms; to set apart by the ceremony of ordination.
Meletius was ordained by Arian bishops. Bp. Stillingfleet.

ORDAINABLE
Or*dain"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being ordained; worthy to be ordained or appointed.
Bp. Hall.

ORDAINER
Or*dain"er, n.

Defn: One who ordains.

ORDAINMENT
Or*dain"ment, n.

Defn: Ordination. [R.] Burke.

ORDAL
Or"dal, n.

Defn: Ordeal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ORDALIAN
Or*da"li*an, a. Etym: [LL. orda.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to trial by ordeal. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

ORDEAL
Or"de*al, n. Etym: [AS. ordal, ord, a judgment; akin to D. oordeel,
G. urteil, urtheil; orig., what is dealt out, the prefix or- being
akin to a- compounded with verbs, G. er-, ur-, Goth. us-, orig.
meaning, out. See Deal, v. & n., and cf. Arise, Ort.]

1. An ancient form of test to determine guilt or innocence, by
appealing to a supernatural decision, -- once common in Europe, and
still practiced in the East and by savage tribes.

Note: In England ordeal by fire and ordeal by water were used, the
former confined to persons of rank, the latter to the common people.
The ordeal by fire was performed, either by handling red-hot iron, or
by walking barefoot and blindfold over red-hot plowshares, laid at
unequal distances. If the person escaped unhurt, he was adjudged
innocent; otherwise he was condemned as guilty. The ordeal by water
was performed, either by plunging the bare arm to the elbow in
boiling water, an escape from injury being taken as proof of
innocence, or by casting the accused person, bound hand and foot,
into a river or pond, when if he floated it was an evidence of guilt,
but if he sunk he was acquitted. It is probable that the proverbial
phrase, to go through fire and water, denoting severe trial or
danger, is derived from the ordeal. See Wager of battle, under Wager.

2. Any severe trial, or test; a painful experience. Ordeal bean.
(Bot.) See Calabar bean, under Calabar.
 -- Ordeal root (Bot.) the root of a species of Strychnos growing in
West Africa, used, like the ordeal bean, in trials for witchcraft.
 -- Ordeal tree (Bot.), a poisonous tree of Madagascar (Tanghinia, or
Cerbera, venenata). Persons suspected of crime are forced to eat the
seeds of the plumlike fruit, and criminals are put to death by being
pricked with a lance dipped in the juice of the seeds.

ORDEAL
Or"de*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to trial by ordeal.

ORDER
Or"der, n. Etym: [OE. ordre, F. ordre, fr. L. ordo, ordinis. Cf.
Ordain, Ordinal.]

1. Regular arrangement; any methodical or established succession or
harmonious relation; method; system; as:
(a) Of material things, like the books in a library.
(b) Of intellectual notions or ideas, like the topics of a discource.
(c) Of periods of time or occurrences, and the like.
The side chambers were . . . thirty in order. Ezek. xli. 6.
Bright-harnessed angels sit in order serviceable. Milton.
Good order is the foundation of all good things. Burke.

2. Right arrangement; a normal, correct, or fit condition; as, the
house is in order; the machinery is out of order. Locke.

3. The customary mode of procedure; established system, as in the
conduct of debates or the transaction of business; usage; custom;
fashion. Dantiel.
And, pregnant with his grander thought, Brought the old order into
doubt. Emerson.

4. Conformity with law or decorum; freedom from disturbance; general
tranquillity; public quiet; as, to preserve order in a community or
an assembly.

5. That which prescribes a method of procedure; a rule or regulation
made by competent authority; as, the rules and orders of the senate.
The church hath authority to establish that for an order at one time
which at another time it may abolish. Hooker.

6. A command; a mandate; a precept; a direction.
Upon this new fright, an order was made by both houses for disarming
all the papists in England. Clarendon.

7. Hence: A commission to purchase, sell, or supply goods; a
direction, in writing, to pay money, to furnish supplies, to admit to
a building, a place of entertainment, or the like; as, orders for
blankets are large.
In those days were pit orders -- beshrew the uncomfortable manager
who abolished them. Lamb.

8. A number of things or persons arranged in a fixed or suitable
place, or relative position; a rank; a row; a grade; especially, a
rank or class in society; a group or division of men in the same
social or other position; also, a distinct character, kind, or sort;
as, the higher or lower orders of society; talent of a high order.
They are in equal order to their several ends. Jer. Taylor.
Various orders various ensigns bear. Granville.
Which, to his order of mind, must have seemed little short of crime.
Hawthorne.

9. A body of persons having some common honorary distinction or rule
of obligation; esp., a body of religious persons or aggregate of
convents living under a common rule; as, the Order of the Bath; the
Franciscan order.
Find a barefoot brother out, One of our order, to associate me. Shak.
The venerable order of the Knights Templars. Sir W. Scott.

10. An ecclesiastical grade or rank, as of deacon, priest, or bishop;
the office of the Christian ministry; -- often used in the plural;
as, to take orders, or to take holy orders, that is, to enter some
grade of the ministry.

11. (Arch.)

Defn: The disposition of a column and its component parts, and of the
entablature resting upon it, in classical architecture; hence (as the
column and entablature are the characteristic features of classical
architecture) a style or manner of architectural designing.

Note: The Greeks used three different orders, easy to distinguish,
Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The Romans added the Tuscan, and
changed the Doric so that it is hardly recognizable, and also used a
modified Corinthian called Composite. The Renaissance writers on
architecture recognized five orders as orthodox or classical, --
Doric (the Roman sort), Ionic, Tuscan, Corinthian, and Composite. See
Illust. of Capital.

12. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: An assemblage of genera having certain important characters in
common; as, the Carnivora and Insectivora are orders of Mammalia.

Note: The Linnæan artificial orders of plants rested mainly on
identity in the numer of pistils, or agreement in some one character.
Natural orders are groups of genera agreeing in the fundamental plan
of their flowers and fruit. A natural order is usually (in botany)
equivalent to a family, and may include several tribes.

13. (Rhet.)

Defn: The placing of words and members in a sentence in such a manner
as to contribute to force and beauty or clearness of expression.

14. (Math.)

Defn: Rank; degree; thus, the order of a curve or surface is the same
as the degree of its equation. Artificial order or system. See
Artificial classification, under Artificial, and Note to def. 12
above.
 -- Close order (Mil.), the arrangement of the ranks with a distance
of about half a pace between them; with a distance of about three
yards the ranks are in Ant: open order.
 -- The four Orders, The Orders four, the four orders of mendicant
friars. See Friar. Chaucer.
 -- General orders (Mil.), orders issued which concern the whole
command, or the troops generally, in distinction from special orders.
 -- Holy orders. (a) (Eccl.) The different grades of the Christian
ministry; ordination to the ministry. See def. 10 above. (b) (R. C.
Ch.) A sacrament for the purpose of conferring a special grace on
those ordained.
 -- In order to, for the purpose of; to the end; as means to.
The best knowledge is that which is of greatest use in order to our
eternal happiness. Tillotson.
-- Minor orders (R. C. Ch.), orders beneath the diaconate in
sacramental dignity, as acolyte, exorcist, reader, doorkeeper.
 -- Money order. See under Money.
 -- Natural order. (Bot.) See def. 12, Note.
 -- Order book. (a) A merchant's book in which orders are entered.
(b) (Mil.) A book kept at headquarters, in which all orders are
recorded for the information of officers and men. (c) A book in the
House of Commons in which proposed orders must be entered. [Eng.] --
Order in Council, a royal order issed with and by the advice of the
Privy Council. [Great Britain] -- Order of battle (Mil.), the
particular disposition given to the troops of an army on the field of
battle.
 -- Order of the day, in legislative bodies, the special business
appointed for a specified day.
 -- Order of a differential equation (Math.), the greatest index of
differentiation in the equation.
 -- Sailing orders (Naut.), the final instructions given to the
commander of a ship of war before a cruise.
 -- Sealed orders, orders sealed, and not to be opended until a
certain time, or arrival at a certain place, as after a ship is at
sea.
 -- Standing order. (a) A continuing regulation for the conduct of
parliamentary business. (b) (Mil.) An order not subject to change by
an officer temporarily in command.
 -- To give order, to give command or directions. Shak.
 -- To take order for, to take charge of; to make arrangements
concerning.
Whiles I take order for mine own affairs. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Arrangement; management. See Direction.

ORDER
Or"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ordered; p pr. & vb. n. Ordering.] Etym:
[From Order, n.]

1. To put in order; to reduce to a methodical arrangement; to arrange
in a series, or with reference to an end. Hence, to regulate; to
dispose; to direct; to rule.
To him that ordereth his conversation aright. Ps. 1. 23.
Warriors old with ordered spear and shield. Milton.

2. To give an order to; to command; as, to order troops to advance.

3. To give an order for; to secure by an order; as, to order a
carriage; to order groceries.

4. (Eccl.)

Defn: To admit to holy orders; to ordain; to receive into the ranks
of the ministry.
These ordered folk be especially titled to God. Chaucer.
Persons presented to be ordered deacons. Bk. of Com. Prayer.
Order arms (Mil.), the command at which a rifle is brought to a
position with its but resting on the ground; also, the position taken
at such a command.

ORDER
Or"der, v. i.

Defn: To give orders; to issue commands.

ORDERABLE
Or"der*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being ordered; tractable. [R.]
Being very orderable in all his sickness. Fuller.

ORDERER
Or"der*er, n.

1. One who puts in order, arranges, methodizes, or regulates.

2. One who gives orders.

ORDERING
Or"der*ing, n.

Defn: Disposition; distribution; management. South.

ORDERLESS
Or"der*less, a.

Defn: Being without order or regularity; disorderly; out of rule.

ORDERLINESS
Or"der*li*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being orderly.

ORDERLY
Or"der*ly, a.

1. Conformed to order; in order; regular; as, an orderly course or
plan. Milton.

2. Observant of order, authority, or rule; hence, obedient; quiet;
peaceable; not unruly; as, orderly children; an orderly community.

3. Performed in good or established order; well-regulated. "An
orderly . . . march." Clarendon.

4. Being on duty; keeping order; conveying orders. "Aids-de-camp and
orderly men." Sir W. Scott. Orderly book (Mil.), a book for every
company, in which the general and regimental orders are recorded.
 -- Orderly officer, the officer of the day, or that officer of a
corps or regiment whose turn it is to supervise for the day the
arrangements for food, cleanliness, etc. Farrow.
 -- Orderly room. (a) The court of the commanding officer, where
charges against the men of the regiment are tried. (b) The office of
the commanding officer, usually in the barracks, whence orders
emanate. Farrow.
 -- Orderly sergeant, the first sergeant of a company.

ORDERLY
Or"der*ly, adv.

Defn: According to due order; regularly; methodically; duly.
You are blunt; go to it orderly. Shak.

ORDERLY
Or"der*ly, n.; pl. Orderlies (.

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A noncommissioned officer or soldier who attends a superior
officer to carry his orders, or to render other service.
Orderlies were appointed to watch the palace. Macaulay.

2. A street sweeper. [Eng.] Mayhew.

ORDINABILITY
Or`di*na*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being ordained or appointed. [Obs.] Bp. Bull.

ORDINABLE
Or"di*na*ble, a. Etym: [See Ordinate, Ordain.]

Defn: Capable of being ordained or appointed. [Obs.]

ORDINAL
Or"di*nal, a. Etym: [L. ordinalis, fr. ordo, ordinis, order. See
Order.]

1. Indicating order or succession; as, the ordinal numbers, first,
second, third, etc.

2. Of or pertaining to an order.

ORDINAL
Or"di*nal, n.

1. A word or number denoting order or succession.

2. (Ch. of Eng.)

Defn: The book of forms for making, ordaining, and consecrating
bishops, priests, and deacons.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A book containing the rubrics of the Mass. [Written also
ordinale.]

ORDINALISM
Or"di*nal*ism, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being ordinal. [R.] Latham.

ORDINANCE
Or"di*nance, n. Etym: [OE. ordenance, OF. ordenance, F. ordonnance.
See Ordain, and cf. Ordnance, Ordonnance.]

1. Orderly arrangement; preparation; provision. [Obs.] Spenser.
They had made their ordinance Of victual, and of other purveyance.
Chaucer.

2. A rule established by authority; a permanent rule of action; a
statute, law, regulation, rescript, or accepted usage; an edict or
decree; esp., a local law enacted by a municipal government; as, a
municipal ordinance.
Thou wilt die by God's just ordinance. Shak.
By custom and the ordinance of times. Shak.
Walking in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless.
Luke i. 6.

Note: Acts of Parliament are sometimes called ordinances; also,
certain colonial laws and certain acts of Congress under
Confederation; as, the ordinance of 1787 for the government of the
territory of the United States northwest of the Ohio River; the
colonial ordinance of 1641, or 1647. This word is often used in
Scripture in the sense of a law or statute of sovereign power. Ex.
xv. 25. Num. x. 8. Ezra iii. 10. Its most frequent application now in
the United States is to laws and regulations of municipal
corporations. Wharton (Law Dict.).

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: An established rite or ceremony.

4. Rank; order; station. [Obs.] Shak.

5. Etym: [See Ordnance.]

Defn: Ordnance; cannon. [Obs.] Shak.

ORDINAND
Or"di*nand`, n. Etym: [L. ordinandus, gerundive of ordinare. See
Ordain.]

Defn: One about to be ordained.

ORDINANT
Or"di*nant, a. Etym: [L. ordinans, p. pr. of ordinare. See Ordain.]

Defn: Ordaining; decreeing. [Obs.] Shak.

ORDINANT
Or"di*nant, n.

Defn: One who ordains. F. G. Lee.

ORDINARILY
Or"di*na*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: According to established rules or settled method; as a rule;
commonly; usually; in most cases; as, a winter more than ordinarily
severe.
Those who ordinarily pride themselves not a little upon their
penetration. I. Taylor.

ORDINARY
Or"di*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. ordinarius, fr. ordo, ordinis, order: cf.
F. ordinaire. See Order.]

1. According to established order; methodical; settled; regular. "The
ordinary forms of law." Addison.

2. Common; customary; usual. Shak.
Method is not less reguisite in ordinary conversation that in
writing. Addison.

3. Of common rank, quality, or ability; not distinguished by superior
excellence or beauty; hence, not distinguished in any way;
commonplace; inferior; of little merit; as, men of ordinary judgment;
an ordinary book.
An ordinary lad would have acquired little or no useful knowledge in
such a way. Macaulay.
Ordinary seaman (Naut.), one not expert or fully skilled, and hence
ranking below an able seaman.

Syn.
 -- Normal; common; usual; customary. See Normal.
 -- Ordinary, Common. A thing is common in which many persons share
or partake; as, a common practice. A thing is ordinary when it is apt
to come round in the regular common order or succession of events.

ORDINARY
Or"di*na*ry, n.; pl. Ordinaries (.

1. (Law)
(a) (Roman Law) An officer who has original jurisdiction in his own
right, and not by deputation. (b) (Eng. Law)

Defn: One who has immediate jurisdiction in matters ecclesiastical;
an ecclesiastical judge; also, a deputy of the bishop, or a clergyman
appointed to perform divine service for condemned criminals and
assist in preparing them for death.
(c) (Am. Law) A judicial officer, having generally the powers of a
judge of probate or a surrogate.

2. The mass; the common run. [Obs.]
I see no more in you than in the ordinary Of nature's salework. Shak.

3. That which is so common, or continued, as to be considered a
settled establishment or institution. [R.]
Spain had no other wars save those which were grown into an ordinary.
Bacon.

4. Anything which is in ordinary or common use.
Water buckets, wagons, cart wheels, plow socks, and other ordinaries.
Sir W. Scott.

5. A dining room or eating house where a meal is prepared for all
comers, at a fixed price for the meal, in distinction from one where
each dish is separately charged; a table d'hôte; hence, also, the
meal furnished at such a dining room. Shak.
All the odd words they have picked up in a coffeehouse, or a gaming
ordinary, are produced as flowers of style. Swift.
He exacted a tribute for licenses to hawkers and peddlers and to
ordinaries. Bancroft.

6. (Her.)

Defn: A charge or bearing of simple form, one of nine or ten which
are in constant use. The bend, chevron, chief, cross, fesse, pale,
and saltire are uniformly admitted as ordinaries. Some authorities
include bar, bend sinister, pile, and others. See Subordinary. In
ordinary. (a) In actual and constant service; statedly attending and
serving; as, a physician or chaplain in ordinary. An ambassador in
ordinary is one constantly resident at a foreign court. (b) (Naut.)
Out of commission and laid up; -- said of a naval vessel.
 -- Ordinary of the Mass (R. C. Ch.), the part of the Mass which is
the same every day; -- called also the canon of the Mass.

ORDINARYSHIP
Or"di*na*ry*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being an ordinary. [R.] Fuller.

ORDINATE
Or"di*nate, a. Etym: [L. ordinatus, p. p. of ordinare. See Ordain.]

Defn: Well-ordered; orderly; regular; methodical. "A life blissful
and ordinate." Chaucer. Ordinate figure (Math.), a figure whose sides
and angles are equal; a regular figure.

ORDINATE
Or"di*nate, n. (Geom.)

Defn: The distance of any point in a curve or a straight line,
measured on a line called the axis of ordinates or on a line parallel
to it, from another line called the axis of abscissas, on which the
corresponding abscissa of the point is measured.

Note: The ordinate and abscissa, taken together, are called
coördinates, and define the position of the point with reference to
the two axes named, the intersection of which is called the origin of
coördinates. See Coordinate.

ORDINATE
Or"di*nate, v. t.

Defn: To appoint, to regulate; to harmonize. Bp. Hall.

ORDINATELY
Or"di*nate*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ordinate manner; orderly. Chaucer. Skelton.

ORDINATION
Or`di*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. ordinatio: cf. F. ordination.]

1. The act of ordaining, appointing, or setting apart; the state of
being ordained, appointed, etc.
The holy and wise ordination of God. Jer. Taylor.
Virtue and vice have a natural ordination to the happiness and misery
of life respectively. Norris.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: The act of setting apart to an office in the Christian
ministry; the conferring of holy orders.

3. Disposition; arrangement; order. [R.] Angle of ordination (Geom.),
the angle between the axes of coördinates.

ORDINATIVE
Or"di*na*tive, a. Etym: [L. ordinativus.]

Defn: Tending to ordain; directing; giving order. [R.] Gauden.

ORDINATOR
Or"di*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who ordains or establishes; a director. [R.] T. Adams.

ORDNANCE
Ord"nance, n. Etym: [From OE. ordenance, referring orig. to the bore
or size of the cannon. See Ordinance.]

Defn: Heavy weapons of warfare; cannon, or great guns, mortars, and
howitzers; artillery; sometimes, a general term for all weapons and
appliances used in war.
All the battlements their ordnance fire. Shak.
Then you may hear afar off the awful roar of his [Rufus Choate's]
rifled ordnance. E. Ererett.
Ordnance survey, the official survey of Great Britain and Ireland,
conducted by the ordnance department.

ORDONNANCE
Or"don*nance, n. Etym: [F. See Ordinance.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: The disposition of the parts of any composition with regard to
one another and the whole.
Their dramatic ordonnance of the parts. Coleridge.

ORDONNANT
Or"don*nant, a. Etym: [F., p. pr. of ordonner. See Ordinant.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to ordonnance. Dryden.

ORDOVIAN
Or*do"vi*an, a. & n. (Geol.)

Defn: Ordovician.

ORDOVICIAN
Or`do*vi"cian, a. Etym: [From L. Ordovices, a Celtic people in
Wales.] (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a division of the Silurian formation,
corresponding in general to the Lower Silurian of most authors,
exclusive of the Cambrian.
 -- n.

Defn: The Ordovician formation.

ORDURE
Or"dure, n. Etym: [F. ordure, OF. ord filthy, foul, fr. L. horridus
horrid. See Horrid.]

1. Dung; excrement; fæces. Shak.

2. Defect; imperfection; fault. [Obs.] Holland.

ORDUROUS
Or"dur*ous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ordure; filthy. Drayton.

ORE
Ore, n. Etym: [AS. ar.]

Defn: Honor; grace; favor; mercy; clemency; happy augry. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

ORE
Ore, n. Etym: [AS. ; cf. ar brass, bronze, akin to OHG. , G. ehern
brazen, Icel. eir brass, Goth. ais, L. aes, Skr. ayas iron. Ora,
Era.]

1. The native form of a metal, whether free and uncombined, as gold,
copper, etc., or combined, as iron, lead, etc. Usually the ores
contain the metals combined with oxygen, sulphur, arsenic, etc.
(called mineralizers).

2. (Mining)

Defn: A native metal or its compound with the rock in which it
occurs, after it has been picked over to throw out what is worthless.

3. Metal; as, the liquid ore. [R.] Milton. Ore hearth, a low furnace
in which rich lead ore is reduced; -- also called Scotch hearth.
Raymond.

OREAD
O"re*ad, n. Etym: [L. Oreas, -adis, Gr. oréade.] (Class. Myth.)

Defn: One of the nymphs of mountains and grottoes.
Like a wood nymph light, Oread or Dryad. Milton.

OREADES
O*re"a*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of butterflies which includes the satyrs. See Satyr, 2.

ORECTIC
O*rec"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Philos.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the desires; hence, impelling to
gratification; appetitive.

OREGON GRAPE
Or"e*gon grape`. (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen species of barberry (Berberis Aquifolium), of
Oregon and California; also, its roundish, blue-black berries.

OREIDE
O"re*ide, n.

Defn: See Oroide.

OREODON
O"re*o*don, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon)

Defn: A genus of extinct herbivorous mammals, abundant in the
Tertiary formation of the Rocky Mountains. It is more or less related
to the camel, hog, and deer.

OREODONT
O"re*o*dont, a. (Paleon.)

Defn: Resembling, or allied to, the genus Oreodon.

OREOGRAPHIC
O`re*o*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to oreography.

OREOGRAPHY
O`re*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: The science of mountains; orography.

OREOSELIN
O`re*os"e*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance which is obtained indirectly from
the root of an umbelliferous plant (Imperatoria Oreoselinum), and
yields resorcin on decomposition.

OREOSOMA
O`re*o*so"ma, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small oceanic fishes, remarkable for the large
conical tubercles which cover the under surface.

OREWEED
Ore"weed`, n.

Defn: Same as Oarweed.

OREWOOD
Ore"wood`, n.

Defn: Same as Oarweed.

ORF; ORFE
Orf, Or"fe, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bright-colored domesticated variety of the id. See Id.

ORFGILD
Orf"gild`, n. Etym: [AS. orf, yrfe, cattle, property + gild, gield,
money, fine.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: Restitution for cattle; a penalty for taking away cattle.
Cowell.

ORFRAY
Or"fray, n. Etym: [F. orfraie. Cf. Osprey, Ossifrage.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The osprey. [Obs.] Holland.

ORFRAYS
Or"frays, n. Etym: [OF. orfrais, F. orfroi; F. or gold + fraise,
frise, fringe, ruff. See Fraise, and cf. Auriphrygiate.]

Defn: See Orphrey. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

ORGAL
Or"gal, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Argol. [Obs.]

ORGAN
Or"gan, n. Etym: [L. organum, Gr. work: cf. F. organe. See Work, and
cf. Orgue, Orgy.]

1. An instrument or medium by which some important action is
performed, or an important end accomplished; as, legislatures,
courts, armies, taxgatherers, etc., are organs of government.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A natural part or structure in an animal or a plant, capable of
performing some special action (termed its function), which is
essential to the life or well-being of the whole; as, the heart,
lungs, etc., are organs of animals; the root, stem, foliage, etc.,
are organs of plants.

Note: In animals the organs are generally made up of several tissues,
one of which usually predominates, and determines the principal
function of the organ. Groups of organs constitute a system. See
System.

3. A component part performing an essential office in the working of
any complex machine; as, the cylinder, valves, crank, etc., are
organs of the steam engine.

4. A medium of communication between one person or body and another;
as, the secretary of state is the organ of communication between the
government and a foreign power; a newspaper is the organ of its
editor, or of a party, sect, etc.

5. Etym: [Cf. AS. organ, fr. L. organum.] (Mus.)

Defn: A wind instrument containing numerous pipes of various
dimensions and kinds, which are filled with wind from a bellows, and
played upon by means of keys similar to those of a piano, and
sometimes by foot keys or pedals; -- formerly used in the plural,
each pipe being considired an organ.
The deep, majestic, solemn organs blow. Pope.

Note: Chaucer used the form orgon as a plural.
The merry orgon . . . that in the church goon [go]. Barrel organ,
Choir organ, Great organ, etc. See under Barrel, Choir, etc.
 -- Cabinet organ (Mus.), an organ of small size, as for a chapel or
for domestic use; a reed organ.
 -- Organ bird (Zoöl.), a Tasmanian crow shrike (Gymnorhina
organicum). It utters discordant notes like those of a hand organ out
of tune.
 -- Organ fish (Zoöl.), the drumfish.
 -- Organ gun. (Mil.) Same as Orgue (b).
 -- Organ harmonium (Mus.), an harmonium of large capacity and power.
 -- Organ of Gorti (Anat.), a complicated structure in the cochlea of
the ear, including the auditory hair cells, the rods or fibers of
Corti, the membrane of Corti, etc. See Note under Ear.
 -- Organ pipe. See Pipe, n., 1.
 -- Organ-pipe coral. (Zoöl.) See Tubipora.
 -- Organ point (Mus.), a passage in which the tonic or dominant is
sustained continuously by one part, while the other parts move.

ORGAN
Or"gan, v. t.

Defn: To supply with an organ or organs; to fit with organs; to
organize. [Obs.]
Thou art elemented and organed for other apprehensions. Bp.
Mannyngham.

ORGANDIE; ORGANDY
Or"gan*die, Or"gan*dy, n. Etym: [F. organdi.]

Defn: A kind of transparent light muslin.

ORGANIC
Or*gan"ic, a. Etym: [L. organicus, Gr. organique.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an organ or its functions, or to objects
composed of organs; consisting of organs, or containing them; as, the
organic structure of animals and plants; exhibiting characters
peculiar to living organisms; as, organic bodies, organic life,
organic remains. Cf. Inorganic.

2. Produced by the organs; as, organic pleasure. [R.]

3. Instrumental; acting as instruments of nature or of art to a
certain destined function or end. [R.]
Those organic arts which enable men to discourse and write
perspicuously. Milton.

4. Forming a whole composed of organs. Hence: Of or pertaining to a
system of organs; inherent in, or resulting from, a certain
organization; as, an organic government; his love of truth was not
inculcated, but organic.

5. Pertaining to, or denoting, any one of the large series of
substances which, in nature or origin, are connected with vital
processes, and include many substances of artificial production which
may or may not occur in animals or plants; -- contrasted with Ant:
inorganic.

Note: The principles of organic and inorganic chemistry are
identical; but the enormous number and the completeness of related
series of organic compounds, together with their remarkable facility
of exchange and substitution, offer an illustration of chemical
reaction and homology not to be paralleled in inorganic chemistry.
Organic analysis (Chem.), the analysis of organic compounds,
concerned chiefly with the determination of carbon as carbon dioxide,
hydrogen as water, oxygen as the difference between the sum of the
others and 100 per cent, and nitrogen as free nitrogen, ammonia, or
nitric oxide; -- formerly called ultimate analysis, in distinction
from proximate analysis.
 -- Organic chemistry. See under Chemistry.
 -- Organic compounds. (Chem.) See Carbon compounds, under Carbon.
 -- Organic description of a curve (Geom.), the description of a
curve on a plane by means of instruments. Brande & C.
 -- Organic disease (Med.), a disease attended with morbid changes in
the structure of the organs of the body or in the composition of its
fluids; -- opposed to functional disease.
 -- Organic electricity. See under Electricity.
 -- Organic law or laws, a law or system of laws, or declaration of
principles fundamental to the existence and organization of a
political or other association; a constitution.
 -- Organic stricture (Med.), a contraction of one of the natural
passages of the body produced by structural changes in its walls, as
distinguished from a spasmodic stricture, which is due to muscular
contraction.

ORGANICAL
Or*gan"ic*al, a.

Defn: Organic.
The organical structure of human bodies, whereby they live and move.
Bentley.

ORGANICALLY
Or*gan"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an organic manner; by means of organs or with reference to
organic functions; hence, fundamentally. Gladstone.

ORGANICALNESS
Or*gan"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being organic.

ORGANICISM
Or*gan"i*cism, n. (Med.)

Defn: The doctrine of the localization of disease, or which refers it
always to a material lesion of an organ. Dunglison.

ORGANIFIC
Or`gan*if"ic, a. Etym: [Organ + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make. See
fy.]

Defn: Making an organic or organized structure; producing an
organism; acting through, or resulting from, organs. Prof. Park.

ORGANISM
Or"gan*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. organisme.]

1. Organic structure; organization. "The advantageous organism of the
eye." Grew.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: An organized being; a living body, either vegetable or animal,
compozed of different organs or parts with functions which are
separate, but mutually dependent, and essential to the life of the
individual.

Note: Some of the lower forms of life are so simple in structure as
to be without organs, but are still called organisms, since they have
different parts analogous in functions to the organs of higher plants
and animals.

ORGANIST
Or"gan*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. organiste.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: One who plays on the organ.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: One of the priests who organized or sung in parts. [Obs.]

ORGANISTA
Or`ga*nis"ta, n. Etym: [Sp., an organis.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several South American wrens, noted for the
sweetness of their song.

ORGANITY
Or*gan"i*ty, n.

Defn: Organism. [R.]

ORGANIZABILITY
Or`gan*i`za*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Quality of being organizable; capability of being organized.

ORGANIZABLE
Or"gan*i`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being organized; esp. (Biol.), capable of being
formed into living tissue; as, organizable matter.

ORGANIZATION
Or`gan*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. organisation.]

1. The act of organizing; the act of arranging in a systematic way
for use or action; as, the organization of an army, or of a
deliberative body. "The first organization of the general
government." Pickering.

2. The state of being organized; also, the relations included in such
a state or condition.
What is organization but the connection of parts in and for a whole,
so that each part is, at once, end and means Coleridge.

3. That wich is organized; an organized existence; an organism;
specif. (Biol.), an arrangement of parts for the performance of the
functions necessary to life.
The cell may be regarded as the most simple, the most common, and the
earliest form of organization. McKendrick.

ORGANIZE
Or"gan*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Organized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Organizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. organiser, Gr. Organ.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: To furnish with organs; to give an organic structure to; to
endow with capacity for the functions of life; as, an organized
being; organized matter; -- in this sense used chiefly in the past
participle.
These nobler faculties of the mind, matter organized could never
produce. Ray.

2. To arrange or constitute in parts, each having a special function,
act, office, or relation; to systematize; to get into working order;
-- applied to products of the human intellect, or to human
institutions and undertakings, as a science, a government, an army, a
war, etc.
This original and supreme will organizes the government. Cranch.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: To sing in parts; as, to organize an anthem. [R.] Busby.

ORGANIZER
Or"gan*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who organizes.

ORGANLING
Or"gan*ling, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large kind of sea fish; the orgeis.

ORGANO-
Or"ga*no-. Etym: [See Organ.]

Defn: A combining form denoting relation to, or connection with, an
organ or organs.

ORGANOGEN
Or*gan"o*gen, n. Etym: [Organo- + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A name given to any one of the four elements, carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, and nitrogen, which are especially characteristic ingredients
of organic compounds; also, by extension, to other elements sometimes
found in the same connection; as sulphur, phosphorus, etc.

ORGANOGENESIS
Or`ga*no*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Organo- + genesis.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: The origin and development of organs in animals and plants.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The germ history of the organs and systems of organs, -- a
branch of morphogeny. Haeckel.

ORGANOGENIC
Or`ga*no*gen"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to organogenesis.

ORGANOGENY
Or`ga*nog"e*ny, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Organogenesis.

ORGANOGRAPHIC; ORGANOGRAPHICAL
Or`ga*no*graph"ic, Or`ga*no*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
organographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to organography.

ORGANOGRAPHIST
Or`ga*nog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: One versed in organography.

ORGANOGRAPHY
Or`ga*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Organo- + -graphy: cf. F. organographie.]

Defn: A description of the organs of animals or plants.

ORGANOLEPTIC
Or`ga*no*lep"tic, a. Etym: [F. organoleptique, fr. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Making an impression upon an organ; plastic; -- said of the
effect or impression produced by any substance on the organs of
touch, taste, or smell, and also on the organism as a whole.

ORGANOLOGICAL
Or`ga*no*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or relating to organology.

ORGANOLOGY
Or`ga*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Organ + -logy: cf. F. organologie.]

1. The science of organs or of anything considered as an organic
structure.
The science of style, as an organ of thought, of style in relation to
the ideas and feelings, might be called the organology of style. De
Quincey.

2. That branch of biology which treats, in particular, of the organs
of animals and plants. See Morphology.

ORGANOMETALLIC
Or`ga*no*me*tal"lic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Metalorganic.

ORGANON; ORGANUM
Or"ga*non, Or"ga*num, n. Etym: [NL. organon, L. organum. See Organ.]

Defn: An organ or instrument; hence, a method by which philosophical
or scientific investigation may be conducted; -- a term adopted from
the Aristotelian writers by Lord Bacon, as the title ("Novum
Organon") of part of his treatise on philosophical method. Sir. W.
Hamilton.

ORGANONYMY
Or`ga*non"y*my, n. Etym: [Organo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The designation or nomenclature of organs. B. G. Wilder.

ORGANOPHYLY
Or`ga*noph"y*ly, n. Etym: [Organo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The tribal history of organs, -- a branch of morphophyly.
Haeckel.

ORGANOPLASTIC
Or`ga*no*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Organo- + -plastic.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having the property of producing the tissues or organs of
animals and plants; as, the organoplastic cells.

ORGANOSCOPY
Or`ga*nos"co*py, n. Etym: [Organo- + -scopy.]

Defn: Phrenology. Fleming.

ORGANOTROPHIC
Or`ga*no*troph"ic, a. Etym: [Organo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to the creation, organization, and nutrition of living
organs or parts.

ORGANULE
Or"gan*ule, n. Etym: [Dim. of organ.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the essential cells or elements of an organ. See Sense
organule, under Sense. Huxley.

ORGANY
Or"ga*ny, n. Etym: [AS. Organe, from the Latin. See Origan.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Origan.

ORGANZINE
Or"gan*zine, n. Etym: [F. organsin; cf. Sp. organsino, It.
organzino.]

Defn: A kind of double thrown silk of very fine texture, that is,
silk twisted like a rope with different strands, so as to increase
its strength.

ORGASM
Or"gasm, n. Etym: [F. orgasme; cf. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Eager or immoderate excitement or action; the state of
turgescence of any organ; erethism; esp., the height of venereal
excitement in sexual intercourse.

ORGEAT
Or"geat, n. Etym: [F., fr. orge barley, L. hordeum.]

Defn: A sirup in which, formerly, a decoction of barley entered, but
which is now prepared with an emulsion of almonds, -- used to flavor
beverages or edibles.

ORGEIS
Or"ge*is, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Organling.

ORGIASTIC
Or`gi*as"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. Orgy.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, orgies. Elton.

ORGIES
Or"gies, n. pl.; sing. Orgy (.

Note: [The singular is rarely used.] Etym: [F. orgie, orgies, L.
orgia, pl., Gr. Organ, and Work.]

1. A sacrifice accompanied by certain ceremonies in honor of some
pagan deity; especially, the ceremonies observed by the Greeks and
Romans in the worship of Dionysus, or Bacchus, which were
characterized by wild and dissolute revelry.
As when, with crowned cups, unto the Elian god, Those priests high
orgies held. Drayton.

2. Drunken revelry; a carouse. B. Jonson. Tennyson.

ORGILLOUS
Or"gil*lous, a. Etym: [OF. orguillous, F. orgueilleux, fr. OF. orgoil
pride, F. orgueil.]

Defn: Proud; haughty. [Obs.] Shak.

ORGUE
Orgue, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. organum organ, Gr. Organ.] (Mil.)
(a) Any one of a number of long, thick pieces of timber, pointed and
shod with iron, and suspended, each by a separate rope, over a
gateway, to be let down in case of attack.
(b) A piece of ordnance, consisting of a number of musket barrels
arranged so that a match or train may connect with all their
touchholes, and a discharge be secured almost or quite
simultaneously.

ORGULOUS
Or"gu*lous, a.

Defn: See Orgillous. [Obs.]

ORGY
Or"gy, n.; pl. Orgies (.

Defn: A frantic revel; drunken revelry. See Orgies

ORGYIA
Or*gy"i*a (, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.).

Defn: A genus of bombycid moths whose caterpillars (esp. those of
Orgyia leucostigma) are often very injurious to fruit trees and shade
trees. The female is wingless. Called also vaporer moth.

ORICALCHE
Or"i*calche, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Orichalch.
Costly oricalche from strange Phoenice. Spenser.

ORICHALCEOUS
Or`i*chal"ce*ous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, orichalch; having a color or
luster like that of brass. Maunder.

ORICHALCH
Or"i*chalch, n. Etym: [L. orichalcum, Gr. orichalque.]

Defn: A metallic substance, resembling gold in color, but inferior in
value; a mixed metal of the ancients, resembling brass; -- called
also aurichalcum, orichalcum, etc.

ORIEL
O"ri*el, n. Etym: [OF. oriol gallery, corridor, LL. oriolum portico,
hall, prob. fr. L. aureolus gilded, applied to an apartment decorated
with gilding. See Oriole.] [Formerly written also oriol, oryal,
oryall.]

1. A gallery for minstrels. [Obs.] W. Hamper.

2. A small apartment next a hall, where certain persons were
accustomed to dine; a sort of recess. [Obs.] Cowell.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A bay window. See Bay window.
The beams that thro' the oriel shine Make prisms in every carven
glass. Tennyson.

Note: There is no generally admitted difference between a bay window
and an oriel. In the United States the latter name is often applied
to bay windows which are small, and either polygonal or round; also,
to such as are corbeled out from the wall instead of resting on the
ground.

ORIENCY
O"ri*en*cy, n. Etym: [See Orient.]

Defn: Brightness or strength of color. [R.] E. Waterhouse.

ORIENT
O"ri*ent, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. oriens, -entis, p. pr. of oriri to
rise. See Origin.]

1. Rising, as the sun.
Moon, that now meet'st the orient sun. Milton.

2. Eastern; oriental. "The orient part." Hakluyt.

3. Bright; lustrous; superior; pure; perfect; pellucid; -- used of
gems and also figuratively, because the most perfect jewels are found
in the East. "Pearls round and orient." Jer. Taylor. "Orient gems."
Wordsworth. "Orient liquor in a crystal glass." Milton.

ORIENT
O"ri*ent, n.

1. The part of the horizon where the sun first appears in the
morning; the east.
[Morn] came furrowing all the orient into gold. Tennyson.

2. The countries of Asia or the East. Chaucer.
Best built city throughout the Orient. Sir T. Herbert.

3. A pearl of great luster. [R.] Carlyle.

ORIENT
O"ri*ent, v. t. Etym: [F. orienter. Cf. Orientate.]

1. To define the position of, in relation to the orient or east;
hence, to ascertain the bearings of.

2. Fig.: To correct or set right by recurring to first principles; to
arrange in order; to orientate.

ORIENTAL
O`ri*en"tal, a. Etym: [L. orientalis: cf. F. oriental.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the orient or east; eastern; concerned with
the East or Orientalism; -- opposed to occidental; as, Oriental
countries.
The sun's ascendant and oriental radiations. Sir T. Browne.

ORIENTAL
O`ri*en"tal, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of the Orient or some Eastern part of the
world; an Asiatic.

2. pl. (Eccl.)

Defn: Eastern Christians of the Greek rite.

ORIENTALISM
O`ri*en"tal*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. orientalisme.]

1. Any system, doctrine, custom, expression, etc., peculiar to
Oriental people.

2. Knowledge or use of Oriental languages, history, literature, etc.
London Quart. Rev.

ORIENTALIST
O`ri*en"tal*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. orientaliste.]

1. An inhabitant of the Eastern parts of the world; an Oriental.

2. One versed in Eastern languages, literature, etc.; as, the Paris
Congress of Orientalists. Sir J. Shore.

ORIENTALITY
O`ri*en*tal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being oriental or eastern. Sir T.
Browne.

ORIENTALIZE
O`ri*en"tal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Orientalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Orientalizing.]

Defn: to render Oriental; to cause to conform to Oriental manners or
conditions.

ORIENTATE
O"ri*en*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Orientated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Orientating.] Etym: [From Orient.]

1. To place or turn toward the east; to cause to assume an easterly
direction, or to veer eastward.

2. To arrange in order; to dispose or place (a body) so as to show
its relation to other bodies, or the relation of its parts among
themselves.
A crystal is orientated when placed in its proper position so as to
exhibit its symmetry. E. S. Dana.

ORIENTATE
O"ri*en*tate, v. i.

Defn: To move or turn toward the east; to veer from the north or
south toward the east.

ORIENTATION
O`ri*en*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. orientation.]

1. The act or process of orientating; determination of the points of
the compass, or the east point, in taking bearings.

2. The tendency of a revolving body, when suspended in a certain way,
to bring the axis of rotation into parallelism with the earth's axis.

3. An aspect or fronting to the east; especially (Arch.), the placing
of a church so that the chancel, containing the altar toward which
the congregation fronts in worship, will be on the east end.

4. Fig.: A return to first principles; an orderly arrangement.
The task of orientation undertaken in this chapter. L. F. Ward.

ORIENTNESS
O"ri*ent*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being orient or bright; splendor.
[Obs.] Fuller.

ORIFICE
Or"i*fice, n. Etym: [F., from L. orificium; os, oris, a mouth +
facere to make. See Oral, and Fact.]

Defn: A mouth or aperture, as of a tube, pipe, etc.; an opening; as,
the orifice of an artery or vein; the orifice of a wound. Shak.
Etna was bored through the top with a monstrous orifice. Addison.

ORIFLAMB; ORIFLAMME
Or"i*flamb, Or"i*flamme, n. Etym: [F. oriflamme, OF. oriflambe, LL.
auriflamma; L. aurum gold + flamma flame; cf. L. flammula a little
banner. So called because it was a flag of red silk, split into many
points, and borne on a gilded lance.]

1. The ancient royal standard of France.

2. A standard or ensign, in battle. "A handkerchief like an
oriflamb." Longfellow.
And be your oriflamme to-day the helmet of Navarre. Macaulay.

ORIGAN; ORIGANUM
Or"i*gan, O*rig"a*num, n. Etym: [L. origanum, Gr. Organy.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of aromatic labiate plants, including the sweet
marjoram (O. Marjorana) and the wild marjoram (O. vulgare). Spenser.

ORIGENISM
Or"i*gen*ism, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The opinions of Origen of Alexandria, who lived in the 3d
century, one of the most learned of the Greek Fathers. Prominent in
his teaching was the doctrine that all created beings, including
Satan, will ultimately be saved.

ORIGENIST
Or"i*gen*ist, n.

Defn: A follower of Origen of Alexandria.

ORIGIN
Or"i*gin, n. Etym: [F. origine, L. origo, -iginis, fr. oriri to rise,
become visible; akin to Gr. r, and perh. to E. run.]

1. The first existence or beginning of anything; the birth.
This mixed system of opinion and sentiment had its origin in the
ancient chivalry. Burke.

2. That from which anything primarily proceeds; the fountain; the
spring; the cause; the occasion.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The point of attachment or end of a muscle which is fixed
during contraction; -- in contradistinction to insertion. Origin of
coördinate axes (Math.), the point where the axes intersect. See Note
under Ordinate.

Syn.
 -- Commencement; rise; source; spring; fountain; derivation; cause;
root; foundation.
 -- Origin, Source. Origin denotes the rise or commencement of a
thing; source presents itself under the image of a fountain flowing
forth in a continuous stream of influences. The origin of moral evil
has been much disputed, but no one can doubt that it is the source of
most of the calamities of our race.
I think he would have set out just as he did, with the origin of
ideas -- the proper starting point of a grammarian, who is to treat
of their signs. Tooke.
Famous Greece, That source of art and cultivated thought Which they
to Rome, and Romans hither, brought. Waller.

ORIGINABLE
O*rig"i*na*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being originated.

ORIGINAL
O*rig"i*nal, a. Etym: [F. original, L. originalis.]

1. Pertaining to the origin or beginning; preceding all others; first
in order; primitive; primary; pristine; as, the original state of
man; the original laws of a country; the original inventor of a
process.
His form had yet not lost All her original brightness. Milton.

2. Not copied, imitated, or translated; new; fresh; genuine; as, an
original thought; an original process; the original text of
Scripture.

3. Having the power to suggest new thoughts or combinations of
thought; inventive; as, an original genius.

4. Before unused or unknown; new; as, a book full of original matter.
Original sin (Theol.), the first sin of Adam, as related to its
consequences to his descendants of the human race; -- called also
total depravity. See Calvinism.

ORIGINAL
O*rig"i*nal, n. Etym: [Cf. F. original.]

1. Origin; commencement; source.
It hath it original from much grief. Shak.
And spangled heavens, a shining frame, Their great Original proclaim.
Addison.

2. That which precedes all others of its class; archetype; first
copy; hence, an original work of art, manuscript, text, and the like,
as distinguished from a copy, translation, etc.
The Scriptures may be now read in their own original. Milton.

3. An original thinker or writer; an originator. [R.]
Men who are bad at copying, yet are good originals. C. G. Leland.

4. A person of marked eccentricity. [Colloq.]

5. (Zoöl. & Bot.)

Defn: The natural or wild species from which a domesticated or
cultivated variety has been derived; as, the wolf is thought by some
to be the original of the dog, the blackthorn the original of the
plum.

ORIGINALIST
O*rig"i*nal*ist, n.

Defn: One who is original. [R.]

ORIGINALITY
O*rig`i*nal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. originalité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being original. Macaulay.

ORIGINALLY
O*rig"i*nal*ly, adv.

1. In the original time, or in an original manner; primarily; from
the beginning or origin; not by derivation, or imitation.
God is originally holy in himself. Bp. Pearson.

2. At first; at the origin; at the time of formation or costruction;
as, a book originally written by another hand. "Originally a half
length [portrait]." Walpole.

ORIGINALNESS
O*rig"i*nal*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being original; originality. [R.] Johnson.

ORIGINANT
O*rig"i*nant, a.

Defn: Originating; original. [R.]
An absolutely originant act of self will. Prof. Shedd.

ORIGINARY
O*rig"i*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. originarius: cf. F. originaire.]

1. Causing existence; productive. [R.]
The production of animals, in the originary way, requires a certain
degree of warmth. Cheyne.

2. Primitive; primary; original. [R.]
The grand originary right of all rights. Hickok.

ORIGINATE
O*rig"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Originated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Originating.] Etym: [From Origin.]

Defn: To give an origin or beginning to; to cause to be; to bring
into existence; to produce as new.
A decomposition of the whole civill and political mass, for the
purpose of originating a new civil order. Burke.

ORIGINATE
O*rig"i*nate, v. i.

Defn: To take first existence; to have origin or beginning; to begin
to exist or act; as, the scheme originated with the governor and
council.

ORIGINATION
O*rig`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. originatio.]

1. The act or process of bringing or coming into existence; first
production. "The origination of the universe." Keill.
What comes from spirit is a spontaneous origination. Hickok.

2. Mode of production, or bringing into being.
This eruca is propagated by animal parents, to wit, butterflies,
after the common origination of all caterpillars. Ray.

ORIGINATIVE
O*rig"i*na*tive, a.

Defn: Having power, or tending, to originate, or bring into
existence; originating. H. Bushnell.
 -- O*rig"i*na*tive*ly, adv.

ORIGINATOR
O*rig"i*na`tor, n.

Defn: One who originates.

ORILLON
O*ril"lon, n. Etym: [F., lit., a little ear, from oreille an ear, fr.
L. oricula, auricula, dim. of auris an ear. See Ear.] (Fort.)

Defn: A semicircular projection made at the shoulder of a bastion for
the purpose of covering the retired flank, -- found in old
fortresses.

ORIOL
O"ri*ol, n.

Defn: See Oriel.

ORIOLE
O"ri*ole, n. Etym: [OF. oriol, oriouz, orieus, F. loriot (for
l'oriol), fr. L. aureolus golden, dim. of aureus golden, fr. aurum
gold. Cf. Aureole, Oriel, Loriot.] (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of various species of Old World singing birds of the
family Oriolidæ. They are usually conspicuously colored with yellow
and black. The European or golden oriole (Oriolus galbula, or O.
oriolus) has a very musical flutelike note.
(b) In America, any one of several species of the genus Icterus,
belonging to the family Icteridæ. See Baltimore oriole, and Orchard
oriole, under Orchard. Crested oriole. (Zoöl.) See Cassican.

ORION
O*ri"on, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: A large and bright constellation on the equator, between the
stars Aldebaran and Sirius. It contains a remarkable nebula visible
to the naked eye.
The flaming glories of Orion's belt. E. Everett.

ORISKANY
O*ris"ka*ny, a. Etym: [From Oriskany, in New York.] (Geol.)

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, certain beds, chiefly limestone,
characteristic of the latest period of the Silurian age. Oriskany
period, a subdivision of the American Paleozoic system intermediate
or translational in character between the Silurian and Devonian ages.
See Chart of Geology.

ORISMOLOGICAL
O*ris`mo*log"ic*al, a. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to orismology.

ORISMOLOGY
O`ris*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy. See Horizon.]

Defn: That departament of natural history which treats of technical
terms.

ORISON
Or"i*son, n. Etym: [OF. orison, oreson, oreison, F. oraison, fr. L.
oratio speech, prayer. See Oration.]

Defn: A prayer; a supplication. [Poetic] Chaucer. Shak.
Lowly they bowed, adoring, and began Their orisons, each morning duly
paid. Milton.

ORISONT
Or"i*sont, n.

Defn: Horizon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ORK
Ork, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Orc.

ORKNEYAN
Ork"ney*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Orkney islands. "Orkneyan skerries."
Longfellow.

ORLE
Orle, n. Etym: [F. orle an orle, a fillet, fr. LL. orla border, dim.
of L. ora border, margin.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: A bearing, in the form of a fillet, round the shield, within,
but at some distance from, the border.

2. (Her.)

Defn: The wreath, or chaplet, surmounting or encircling the helmet of
a knight and bearing the crest. In orle, round the escutcheon,
leaving the middle of the field vacant, or occupied by something
else; -- said of bearings arranged on the shield in the form of an
orle.

ORLEANS
Or"le*ans, n. Etym: [So called from the city of Orléans, in France.]

1. A cloth made of worsted and cotton, -- used for wearing apparel.

2. A variety of the plum. See under Plum. [Eng.]

ORLO
Or"lo, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Mus.)

Defn: A wind instrument of music in use among the Spaniards.

ORLOP
Or"lop, n. Etym: [D. overloop the upper deck, lit., a running over or
overflowing, fr. overloopen to run over. See Over, and Leap, and cf.
Overloop.] (Naut.)

Defn: The lowest deck of a vessel, esp. of a ship of war, consisting
of a platform laid over the beams in the hold, on which the cables
are coiled.

ORMAZD; AHURA-MAZDA
Or"mazd or A`hu*ra-Maz"da, n. [Zend Ahuramazda.] (Zoroastrianism)

Defn: The supreme deity, the principle of good, creator of the world,
and guardian of mankind. He is the opponent of Ahriman, the spirit of
evil, both being sprung from Eternity, or, according to another
version, Ahriman being the offspring of a moment of doubt on the part
of Ormazd. Ormazd is attended by angels and archangels. He is
represented as a bearded man inclosed in a winged circle, a
conception probably derived from the Assyrian representations of
Ashur.

ORMER
Or"mer, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An abalone.

ORMOLU
Or`mo*lu", n. Etym: [F. or moulu; or gold (L. aurum) + moulu, p. p.
of moudre to grind, to mill, L. molere. See Aureate, and Mill.]

Defn: A variety of brass made to resemble gold by the use of less
zinc and more copper in its composition than ordinary brass contains.
Its golden color is often heightened by means of lacquer of some
sort, or by use of acids. Called also mosaic gold. Ormolu varnish, a
varnish applied to metals, as brass, to give the appearance of gold.

ORMUZD
Or"muzd, n. Etym: [Zend Ahuramazda.]

Defn: The good principle, or being, of the ancient Persian religion.
See Ahriman.

ORN
Orn, v. t.

Defn: To ornament; to adorn. [Obs.] Joye.

ORNAMENT
Or"na*ment, n. Etym: [OE. ornement, F. ornement, fr. L. ornamentum,
fr. ornare to adorn.]

Defn: That which embellishes or adorns; that which adds grace or
beauty; embellishment; decoration; adornment.
The ornament of a meek and quiet spirit. 1 Pet. iii. 4.
Like that long-buried body of the king Found lying with his urns and
ornaments. Tennyson.

ORNAMENT
Or"na*ment, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ornamented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ornamenting.]

Defn: To adorn; to deck; to embellish; to beautify; as, to ornament a
room, or a city.

Syn.
 -- See Adorn.

ORNAMENTAL
Or`na*men"tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ornemental.]

Defn: Serving to ornament; characterized by ornament; beautifying;
embellishing.
Some think it most ornamental to wear their bracelets on their
wrists; others, about their ankles. Sir T. Browne.

ORNAMENTALLY
Or`na*men"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of ornament.

ORNAMENTATION
Or`na*men*ta"tion, n.

1. The act or art of ornamenting, or the state of being ornamented.

2. That which ornaments; ornament. C. Kingsley.

ORNAMENTER
Or"na*ment*er, n.

Defn: One who ornaments; a decorator.

ORNATE
Or*nate", a. Etym: [L. ornatus, p. p. of ornare to adorn.]

1. Adorned; decorated; beautiful. "So bedecked, ornate, and gay."
Milton.

2. Finely finished, as a style of composition.
A graceful and ornate rhetoric. Milton.

ORNATE
Or*nate", v. t.

Defn: To adorn; to honor. [R.]
They may ornate and sanctify the name of God. Latimer.

ORNATELY
Or*nate"ly, adv.

Defn: In an ornate manner. Sir T. More.

ORNATENESS
Or*nate"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being ornate.

ORNATURE
Or"na*ture, n. Etym: [L. ornatura.]

Defn: Decoration; ornamentation. [R.] Holinshed.

ORNITHIC
Or*nith"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to birds; as, ornithic fossils. Owen.

ORNITHICHNITE
Or`nith*ich"nite, n. Etym: [Ornitho- + Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: The footmark of a bird occurring in strata of stone. Hitchcock.

ORNITHICHNOLOGY
Or`nith*ich*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Ornitho- + ichnology.] (Paleon.)

Defn: The branch of science which treats of ornithichnites.
Hitchcock.

ORNITHO-
Ornitho-. Etym: [Cf. Ern.]

Defn: A combining form fr. Gr.

ORNITHODELPHIA
Or*ni`tho*del"phi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Same as Monotremata.
 -- Or`ni*tho*del"phid, a.

ORNITHOIDICHNITE
Or`ni*thoid*ich"nite, n. Etym: [Ornitho- + -oid + Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil track resembling that of a bird. Hitchcock.

ORNITHOLITE
Or*nith"o*lite, n. Etym: [Ornitho- + -lite.] (Paleon.)
(a) The fossil remains of a bird.
(b) A stone of various colors bearing the figures of birds.

ORNITHOLOGIC; ORNITHOLOGICAL
Or`ni*tho*log"ic, Or`ni*tho*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
ornithologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to ornithology.

ORNITHOLOGIST
Or`ni*thol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ornithologiste.]

Defn: One skilled in ornithology; a student of ornithology; one who
describes birds.

ORNITHOLOGY
Or`ni*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Ornitho- + -logy: cf. F. ornithologie.]

1. That branch of zoölogy which treats of the natural history of
birds and their classification.

2. A treatise or book on this science.

ORNITHOMANCY
Or*nith"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. ornithomancie.]

Defn: Divination by means of birds, their flight, etc.
Ornithomancy grew into an elaborate science. De Quincey.

ORNITHON
Or*ni"thon, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: An aviary; a poultry house. Weale.

ORNITHOPAPPI
Or*ni`tho*pap"pi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extinct order of birds. It includes only the Archæopteryx.

ORNITHOPODA
Or`ni*thop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Ornitho-, and -poda.]
(Paleon.)

Defn: An order of herbivorous dinosaurs with birdlike characteristics
in the skeleton, esp. in the pelvis and hind legs, which in some
genera had only three functional toes, and supported the body in
walking as in Iguanodon. See Illust. in Appendix.

ORNITHORHYNCHUS
Or`ni*tho*rhyn"chus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Duck mole, under Duck.

ORNITHOSAURIA
Or*ni`tho*sau"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Ornitho-, and Sauria.]
(Paleon.)

Defn: An order of extinct flying reptiles; -- called also
Pterosauria.

ORNITHOSCELIDA
Or*ni`tho*scel"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of extinct Reptilia, intermediate in structure
(especially with regard to the pelvis) between reptiles and birds.
 -- Or`ni*tho*scel"i*dan, a.

ORNITHOSCOPY
Or`ni*thos"co*py, n. Etym: [Ornitho- + -scopy: cf. Gr.

Defn: Observation of birds and their habits. [R.] De Quincey.

ORNITHOTOMICAL
Or`ni*tho*tom"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ornithotomy.

ORNITHOTOMIST
Or`ni*thot"o*mist, n.

Defn: One who is skilled in ornithotomy.

ORNITHOTOMY
Or`ni*thot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The anatomy or dissection of birds.

OROGRAPH
Or"o*graph, n. [Gr.  mountain + -graph.] (Surveying)

Defn: A machine for use in making topographical maps. It is operated
by being pushed across country, and not only records distances, like
the perambulator, but also elevations.

OROGRAPHIC; OROGRAPHICAL
Or`o*graph"ic, Or`o*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to orography.

OROGRAPHY
O*rog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: That branch of science which treats of mountains and mountain
systems; orology; as, the orography of Western Europe.

OROHELIOGRAPH
Or`o*he"li*o*graph, n. [Gr.  mountain + helio- + -graph.] (Photog.)

Defn: A camera for obtaining a circular panoramic view of the
horizon. The photographic plate is placed horizontally with a
vertical lens above. A mirror of peculiar shape reflects light from
the entire horizon to the lens, by means of which it is focused upon
the plate.

OROHIPPUS
Or`o*hip"pus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of American Eocene mammals allied to the horse, but
having four toes in front and three behind.

OROIDE
O"roide, n. Etym: [F. or gold (L. aurum) + Gr.

Defn: An alloy, chiefly of copper and zinc or tin, resembling gold in
color and brilliancy. [Written also oreide.]

OROLOGICAL
Or`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. orologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to orology.

OROLOGIST
O*rol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in orology.

OROLOGY
O*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. orologie.]

Defn: The science or description of mountains.

OROMETER
O*rom"e*ter, n. [Gr.  mountain + -meter.] (Meteor.)

Defn: An aneroid barometer having a second scale that gives the
approximate elevation above sea level of the place where the
observation is made.

OROTUND
O"ro*tund`, a. Etym: [L. os, oris, the mouth + rotundus round,
smooth.]

Defn: Characterized by fullness, clearness, strength, and smoothness;
ringing and musical; -- said of the voice or manner of utterance.
 -- n.

Defn: The orotund voice or utterance Rush.

OROTUNDITY
O`ro*tun"di*ty, n.

Defn: The orotund mode of intonation.

ORPHALINE
Or"pha*line, n.

Defn: See Orpheline. [Obs.]

ORPHAN
Or"phan, n. Etym: [L. orphanus, Gr. orbus. Cf. Orb a blank window.]

Defn: A child bereaved of both father and mother; sometimes, also, a
child who has but one parent living. Orphans' court (Law), a court in
some of the States of the Union, having jurisdiction over the estates
and persons of orphans or other wards. Bouvier.

ORPHAN
Or"phan, a.

Defn: Bereaved of parents, or (sometimes) of one parent.

ORPHAN
Or"phan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Orphaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Orphaning.]

Defn: To cause to become an orphan; to deprive of parents. Young.

ORPHANAGE
Or"phan*age, n.

1. The state of being an orphan; orphanhood; orphans, collectively.

2. An institution or asylum for the care of orphans.

ORPHANCY
Or"phan*cy, n.

Defn: Orphanhood. Sir P. Sidney.

ORPHANET
Or"phan*et, n.

Defn: A little orphan. Drayton.

ORPHANHOOD
Or"phan*hood, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being an orphan; orphanage.

ORPHANISM
Or"phan*ism, n.

Defn: Orphanhood. [R.]

ORPHANOTROPHISM
Or`phan*ot"ro*phism, n.

Defn: The care and support of orphans. [R.] Cotton Mather (1711).

ORPHANOTROPHY
Or`phan*ot"ro*phy, n. Etym: [L. orphanotrophium, Gr.

1. A hospital for orphans. [R.] A. Chalmers.

2. The act of supporting orphans. [R.]

ORPHARION
Or*pha"ri*on, n. (Mus.)

Defn: An old instrument of the lute or cittern kind. [Spelt also
orpheoreon.]

ORPHEAN
Or*phe"an, a. Etym: [L. Orphus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Orpheus, the mythic poet and musician; as,
Orphean strains. Cowper.

ORPHELINE
Or"phe*line, n. Etym: [F. orphelin. See Orphan.]

Defn: An orphan. [Obs.] Udcll.

ORPHEUS
Or"phe*us, n. Etym: [L. Orpheus, Gr. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: The famous mythic Thracian poet, son of the Muse Calliope, and
husband of Eurydice. He is reputed to have had power to entrance
beasts and inanimate objects by the music of his lyre.

ORPHIC
Or"phic, a. Etym: [L. Orphicus, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to Orpheus; Orphean; as, Orphic hymns.

ORPHREY
Or"phrey, n. Etym: [See Orfrays.]

Defn: A band of rich embroidery, wholly or in part of gold, affixed
to vestments, especially those of ecclesiastics. Pugin.

ORPIMENT
Or"pi*ment, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. auripigmentum; aurum gold +
pigmentum pigment. Cf. Aureate, Pigment, Orpin, Orpine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Arsenic sesquisulphide, produced artificially as an amorphous
lemonyellow powder, and occurring naturally as a yellow crystalline
mineral; -- formerly called auripigment. It is used in king's yellow,
in white Indian fire, and in certain technical processes, as indigo
printing.
Our orpiment and sublimed mercurie. Chaucer.
Red orpiment, realgar; the red sulphide of arsenic.
 -- Yellow orpiment, king's yellow.

ORPIN
Or"pin, n. Etym: [F., orpiment, also, the plant orpine. See
Orpiment.]

1. A yellow pigment of various degrees of intensity, approaching also
to red.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The orpine.

ORPINE
Or"pine, n. Etym: [F. orpin the genus of plants which includes
orpine; -- so called from the yellow blossoms of a common species
(Sedum acre). See Orpiment.] (Bot.)

Defn: A low plant with fleshy leaves (Sedum telephium), having
clusters of purple flowers. It is found on dry, sandy places, and on
old walls, in England, and has become naturalized in America. Called
also stonecrop, and live-forever. [Written also orpin.]

ORRACH
Or"rach, n.

Defn: See Orach.

ORRERY
Or"re*ry, n.; pl. Orreries. Etym: [So named in honor of the Earl of
Orrery.]

Defn: An apparatus which illustrates, by the revolution of balls
moved by wheelwork, the relative size, periodic motions, positions,
orbits, etc., of bodies in the solar system.

ORRIS
Or"ris, n. Etym: [Prob. corrupted from It. ireos iris. See Iris.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Iris (I. Florentina); a kind of flower-de-
luce. Its rootstock has an odor resembling that of violets. Orris pea
(Med.), an issue pea made from orris root.
 -- Orris root, the fragrant rootstock of the orris.

ORRIS
Or"ris, n.

1. Etym: [Contr. from orfrays, or from arras.]

Defn: A sort of gold or silver lace. Johnson.

2. A peculiar pattern in which gold lace or silver lace is worked;
especially, one in which the edges are ornamented with conical
figures placed at equal distances, with spots between them.

ORSEDEW; ORSEDUE
Orse"dew, Or"se*due, n.

Defn: Leaf metal of bronze; Dutch metal. See under Dutch.

ORSEILLE
Or`seille", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Archil.

ORSELLIC
Or*sel"lic, a. Etym: [From F. orseille archil. See Archil.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in certain
lichens, and called also lecanoric acid. [Formerly written also
orseillic.]

ORSELLINIC
Or`sel*lin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid obtained by a
partial decomposition of orsellic acid as a white crystalline
substance, and related to protocatechuic acid.

ORT
Ort, n.; pl. Orts. Etym: [Akin to LG. ort, ortels, remnants of food,
refuse, OFries. ort, OD. oorete, ooraete; prob. from the same prefix
as in E. ordeal + a word akin to eat.]

Defn: A morsel left at a meal; a fragment; refuse; -- commonly used
in the plural. Milton.
Let him have time a beggar's orts to crave. Shak.

ORTALIDIAN
Or`ta*lid"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous small two-winged flies of the family
Ortalidæ. The larvæ of many of these flies live in fruit; those of
others produce galls on various plants.

ORTHID
Or"thid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A brachiopod shell of the genus Orthis, and allied genera, of
the family Orthidæ.

ORTHIS
Or"this, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extinct genus of Brachiopoda, abundant in the Paleozoic
rocks.

ORTHITE
Or"thite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of allanite occurring in slender prismatic crystals.

ORTHO-
Or"tho-. Etym: [Gr. upright, vrdh to grow, to cause to grow.]

1. A combining form signifying straight, right, upright, correct,
regular; as, orthodromy, orthodiagonal, orthodox, orthographic.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively), designating:
(a) (Inorganic Chem.) The one of several acids of the same element
(as the phosphoric acids), which actually occurs with the greatest
number of hydroxyl groups; as, orthophosphoric acid. Cf. Normal. (b)
(Organic Chem.)

Defn: Connection with, or affinity to, one variety of isomerism,
characteristic of the benzene compounds; -- contrasted with meta- or
para-; as, the ortho position; hence, designating any substance
showing such isomerism; as, an ortho compound.

Note: In the graphic representation of the benzene nucleus (see
Benzene nucleus, under Benzene), provisionally adopted, any substance
exhibiting double substitution in adjacent and contiguous carbon
atoms, as 1 & 2, 3 & 4, 4 & 5, etc., is designated by ortho-; as,
orthoxylene; any substance exhibiting substitution of two carbon
atoms with one intervening, as 1 & 3, 2 & 4, 3 & 5, 4 & 6, etc., by
meta-; as, resorcin or metaxylene; any substance exhibiting
substitution in opposite parts, as 1 & 4, 2 & 5, 3 & 6, by para-; as,
hydroquinone or paraxylene.

ORTHOCARBONIC
Or`tho*car*bon"ic, a. Etym: [Ortho- + carbonic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Designating a complex ether, C.(OC2H5)4, which is obtained as a
liquid of a pleasant ethereal odor by means of chlorpicrin, and is
believed to be a derivative of the hypothetical normal carbonic acid,
C.(OH)4.

ORTHOCENTER
Or`tho*cen"ter, n. Etym: [Ortho- + center.] (Geom.)

Defn: That point in which the three perpendiculars let fall from the
angles of a triangle upon the opposite sides, or the sides produced,
mutually intersect.

ORTHOCERAS
Or*thoc"e*ras, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of Paleozoic Cephalopoda, having a long,
straight, conical shell. The interior is divided into numerous
chambers by transverse septa.

ORTHOCERATITE
Or`tho*cer"a*tite, n. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An orthoceras; also, any fossil shell allied to Orthoceras.

ORTHOCLASE
Or"tho*clase, n. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Common or potash feldspar crystallizing in the monoclinic
system and having two cleavages at right angles to each other. See
Feldspar.

ORTHOCLASTIC
Or`tho*clas"tic, a. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Breaking in directions at right angles to each other; -- said
of the monoclinic feldspars.

ORTHODIAGONAL
Or`tho*di*ag"o*nal, n. Etym: [Ortho- + diagonal.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: The diagonal or lateral axis in a monoclinic crystal which is
at right angles with the vertical axis.

ORTHODOME
Or"tho*dome, n. Etym: [Ortho- + dome.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: See the Note under Dome, 4.

ORTHODOX
Or"tho*dox, a. Etym: [L. orthodoxus, Gr. orthodoxe. See Ortho-,
Dogma.]

1. Sound in opinion or doctrine, especially in religious doctrine;
hence, holding the Christian faith; believing the doctrines taught in
the Scriptures; -- opposed to Ant: heretical and Ant: heterodox; as,
an orthodox Christian.

2. According or congruous with the doctrines of Scripture, the creed
of a church, the decree of a council, or the like; as, an orthodox
opinion, book, etc.

3. Approved; conventional.
He saluted me on both cheeks in the orthodox manner. H. R. Haweis.

Note: The term orthodox differs in its use among the various
Christian communions. The Greek Church styles itself the "Holy
Orthodox Apostolic Church," regarding all other bodies of Christians
as more or less heterodox. The Roman Catholic Church regards the
Protestant churches as heterodox in many points. In the United States
the term orthodox is frequently used with reference to divergent
views on the doctrine of the Trinity. Thus it has been common to
speak of the Trinitarian Congregational churches in distinction from
the Unitarian, as Orthodox. The name is also applied to the
conservative, in distinction from the "liberal", or Hicksite, body in
the Society of Friends. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

ORTHODOXAL
Or"tho*dox`al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or evincing, orthodoxy; orthodox. [R.] Milton.

ORTHODOXALITY
Or`tho*dox*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: Orthodoxness. [R.]

ORTHODOXALLY
Or"tho*dox`al*ly, adv.

Defn: Orthodoxly. [R.] Milton

ORTHODOXASTICAL
Or`tho*dox*as"tic*al, a.

Defn: Orthodox. [Obs.]

ORTHODOXICAL
Or`tho*dox"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or evincing, orthodoxy; orthodox.

ORTHODOXLY
Or"tho*dox`ly, adv.

Defn: In an orthodox manner; with soundness of faith. Sir W.
Hamilton.

ORTHODOXNESS
Or"tho*dox`ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being orthodox; orthodoxy. Waterland.

ORTHODOXY
Or"tho*dox`y, n. Etym: [Gr. orthodoxie. See Orthodox.]

1. Soundness of faith; a belief in the doctrines taught in the
Scriptures, or in some established standard of faith; -- opposed to
heterodoxy or to heresy.
Basil himself bears full and clear testimony to Gregory's orthodoxy.
Waterland.

2. Consonance to genuine Scriptural doctrines; -- said of moral
doctrines and beliefs; as, the orthodoxy of a creed.

3. By extension, said of any correct doctrine or belief.

ORTHODROMIC
Or`tho*drom"ic, a. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to orthodromy.

ORTHODROMICS
Or`tho*drom"ics, n.

Defn: The art of sailing in a direct course, or on the arc of a great
circle, which is the shortest distance between any two points on the
surface of the globe; great-circle sailing; orthodromy.

ORTHODROMY
Or"tho*drom`y, n. Etym: [Cf. F. orthodromie.]

Defn: The act or art of sailing on a great circle.

ORTHOEPIC; ORTHOEPICAL
Or`tho*ëp"ic, Or`tho*ëp"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to orthoëpy, or correct pronunciation.
 -- Or`tho*ëp"ic*al*ly, adv.

ORTHOEPIST
Or"tho*ë*pist, n.

Defn: One who is skilled in orthoëpy.

ORTHOEPY
Or"tho*ë*py, n. Etym: [Gr. orthoépie. See Ortho-, and Epic.]

Defn: The art of uttering words corectly; a correct pronunciation of
words; also, mode of pronunciation.

ORTHOGAMY
Or*thog"a*my, n. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Direct fertilization in plants, as when the pollen fertilizing
the ovules comes from the stamens of the same blossom; -- opposed to
heterogamy.

ORTHOGNATHIC
Or`thog*nath"ic, a.

Defn: Orthognathous.

ORTHOGNATHISM
Or*thog"na*thism, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The quality or state of being orthognathous. Huxley.

ORTHOGNATHOUS
Or*thog"na*thous, a. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the front of the head, or the skull, nearly
perpendicular, not retreating backwards above the jaws; -- opposed to
Ant: prognathous. See Gnathic index, under Gnathic.

ORTHOGON
Or"tho*gon, n. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. orthogone, a.] (Geom.)

Defn: A rectangular figure.

ORTHOGONAL
Or*thog"o*nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. orthogonal.]

Defn: Right-angled; rectangular; as, an orthogonal intersection of
one curve with another. Orthogonal projection. See under
Orthographic.

ORTHOGONALLY
Or*thog"o*nal*ly, adv.

Defn: Perpendicularly; at right angles; as, a curve cuts a set of
curves orthogonally.

ORTHOGRAPH
Or"tho*graph, n.  [Ortho- + -graph.] (Arch.)

Defn: An orthographic projection, sometimes partly in section, esp.
of a building.

ORTHOGRAPHER
Or*thog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One versed in orthography; one who spells words correctly.

ORTHOGRAPHIC; ORTHOGRAPHICAL
Or`tho*graph"ic, Or`tho*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. orthographique,
L. orthographus, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to orthography, or right spelling; also, correct
in spelling; as, orthographical rules; the letter was orthographic.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to right lines or angles. Orthographic or
Orthogonal, projection, that projection which is made by drawing
lines, from every point to be projected, perpendicular to the plane
of projection. Such a projection of the sphere represents its circles
as seen in perspective by an eye supposed to be placed at an infinite
distance, the plane of projection passing through the center of the
sphere perpendicularly to the line of sight.

ORTHOGRAPHICALLY
Or`tho*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an orthographical manner:
(a) according to the rules of proper spelling;
(b) according to orthographic projection.

ORTHOGRAPHIST
Or*thog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: One who spells words correctly; an orthographer.

ORTHOGRAPHIZE
Or*thog"ra*phize, v. t.

Defn: To spell correctly or according to usage; to correct in regard
to spelling.
In the coalesced into ith, which modern reaction has orthographized
to i' th'. Earle.

ORTHOGRAPHY
Or*thog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [OE. ortographie, OF. orthographie, L.
orthographia, Gr. Ortho-, and Graphic.]

1. The art or practice of writing words with the proper letters,
according to standard usage; conventionally correct spelling; also,
mode of spelling; as, his orthography is vicious.
When spelling no longer follows the pronunciation, but is hardened
into orthography. Earle.

2. The part of grammar which treats of the letters, and of the art of
spelling words correctly.

3. A drawing in correct projection, especially an elevation or a
vertical section.

ORTHOLOGY
Or*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. orthologie.]

Defn: The right description of things. [R.] Fotherby.

ORTHOMETRIC
Or`tho*met"ric, a. Etym: [See Orthometry.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: Having the axes at right angles to one another; -- said of
crystals or crystalline forms.

ORTHOMETRY
Or*thom"e*try, n. Etym: [Ortho- + -metry.]

Defn: The art or practice of constructing verses correctly; the laws
of correct versification.

ORTHOMORPHIC
Or`tho*mor"phic, a. Etym: [Ortho- + morphic.] (Geom.)

Defn: Having the right form. Orthomorphic projection, a projection in
which the angles in the figure to be projected are equal to the
corresponding angles in the projected figure.

ORTHOPEDIC; ORTHOPEDICAL
Or`tho*ped"ic, Or`tho*ped"ic*al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or employed in, orthopedy; relating to the
prevention or cure of deformities of children, or, in general, of the
human body at any age; as, orthopedic surgery; an orthopedic
hospital.

ORTHOPEDIST
Or*thop"e*dist, n. (Med.)

Defn: One who prevents, cures, or remedies deformities, esp. in
children.

ORTHOPEDY
Or*thop"e*dy, n. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The art or practice of curing the deformities of children, or,
by extension, any deformities of the human body.

ORTHOPHONY
Or*thoph"o*ny, n. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr.

Defn: The art of correct articulation; voice training.

ORTHOPINACOID
Or`tho*pin"a*coid, n. Etym: [Ortho- + pinacoid.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A name given to the two planes in the monoclinic system which
are parallel to the vertical and orthodiagonal axes.

ORTHOPNOEA; ORTHOPNY
Or`thop*noe"a, Or*thop"ny, n. Etym: [L. orthopnoea, Gr. orthopnée.]
(Med.)

Defn: Specifically, a morbid condition in which respiration can be
performed only in an erect posture; by extension, any difficulty of
breathing.

ORTHOPODA
Or*thop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Ortho-, and -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extinct order of reptiles which stood erect on the hind
legs, and resembled birds in the structure of the feet, pelvis, and
other parts.

ORTHOPRAXY
Or"tho*prax`y, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The treatment of deformities in the human body by mechanical
appliances.

ORTHOPTERA
Or*thop"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of mandibulate insects including grasshoppers,
locusts, cockroaches, etc. See Illust. under Insect.

Note: The anterior wings are usually thickened and protect the
posterior wings, which are larger and fold longitudinally like a fan.
The Orthoptera undergo no metamorphosis.

ORTHOPTERAN
Or*thop"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Orthoptera.

ORTHOPTEROUS
Or*thop"ter*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Orthoptera.

ORTHORHOMBIC
Or`tho*rhom"bic, a. Etym: [Ortho- + rhombic.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: Noting the system of crystallization which has three unequal
axes at right angles to each other; trimetric. See Crystallization.

ORTHOSCOPE
Or"tho*scope, n. Etym: [Ortho- + -scope.] (Physyol.)

Defn: An instrument designed to show the condition of the superficial
portions of the eye.

ORTHOSCOPIC
Or`tho*scop"ic, a. (Opt.)

Defn: Giving an image in correct or normal proportions; giving a flat
field of view; as, an orthoscopic eyepiece.

ORTHOSILICIC
Or`tho*si*lic"ic, a. Etym: [Ortho- + silicic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Designating the form of silicic acid having the normal or
highest number of hydroxyl groups.

ORTHOSPERMOUS
Or`tho*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the seeds straight, as in the fruits of some
umbelliferous plants; -- opposed to coelospermous. Darwin.

ORTHOSTADE
Or"tho*stade, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anc. Costume)

Defn: A chiton, or loose, ungirded tunic, falling in straight folds.

ORTHOSTICHY
Or*thos"ti*chy, n.; pl. Orthostichies. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A longitudinal rank, or row, of leaves along a stem.

ORTHOTOMIC
Or`tho*tom"ic, a. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. (Geom.)

Defn: Cutting at right angles. Orthotomic circle (Geom.), that circle
which cuts three given circles at right angles.

ORTHOTOMOUS
Or*thot"o*mous, a. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Having two cleavages at right angles with one another.

ORTHOTOMY
Or*thot"o*my, n. (Geom.)

Defn: The property of cutting at right angles.

ORTHOTONE
Or"tho*tone, a. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. (Gr. Gram.)

Defn: Retaining the accent; not enclitic; -- said of certain
indefinite pronouns and adverbs when used interrogatively, which,
when not so used, are ordinarilly enclitic.

ORTHOTROPAL; ORTHOTROPOUS
Or*thot"ro*pal, Or*thot"ro*pous, a. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. orthotrope.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having the axis of an ovule or seed straight from the hilum and
chalaza to the orifice or the micropyle; atropous.

Note: This word has also been used (but improperly) to describe any
embryo whose radicle points towards, or is next to, the hilum.

ORTHOTROPIC
Or`tho*trop"ic, a. Etym: [See Orthotropal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the longer axis vertical; -- said of erect stems. Encyc.
Brit.

ORTHOXYLENE
Or`tho*xy"lene, n. Etym: [Ortho- + xylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: That variety of xylene in which the two methyl groups are in
the ortho position; a colorless, liquid, combustible hydrocarbon
resembling benzene.

ORTIVE
Or"tive, a. Etym: [L. ortivus, fr. oriri, ortus, to rise: cf. F.
ortive.]

Defn: Of or relating to the time or act of rising; eastern; as, the
ortive amplitude of a planet.

ORTOLAN
Or"to*lan, n. Etym: [F., fr. It. ortolano ortolan, gardener, fr. L.
hortulanus gardener, fr. hortulus, dim. of hortus garden. So called
because it frequents the hedges of gardens. See Yard an inclosure,
and cf. Hortulan.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A European singing bird (Emberiza hortulana), about the size of
the lark, with black wings. It is esteemed delicious food when
fattened. Called also bunting.
(b) In England, the wheatear (Saxicola oenanthe).
(c) In America, the sora, or Carolina rail (Porzana Carolina). See
Sora.

ORTYGAN
Or"ty*gan, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of East Indian birds of the genera
Ortygis and Hemipodius. They resemble quails, but lack the hind toe.
See Turnix.

ORVAL
Or"val, n. Etym: [F. orvale.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of sage (Salvia Horminum).

ORVET
Or`vet", n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The blindworm.

ORVIETAN
Or`vi*e"tan, n. Etym: [F. orviétan: cf. It. orvietano. So called
because invented at Orvieto, in Italy.]

Defn: A kind of antidote for poisons; a counter poison formerly in
vogue. [Obs.]

-ORY
-o*ry. Etym: [L. -orius: cf. F. -oire.]

1. An adjective suffix meaning of or pertaining to, serving for; as
in auditory, pertaining to or serving for hearing; prohibitory,
amendatory, etc.

2. Etym: [L. -orium: cf. F. -oire.]

Defn: A noun suffix denoting that which pertains to, or serves for;
as in ambulatory, that which serves for walking; consistory, factory,
etc.

ORYAL; ORYALL
O"ry*al, O"ry*all, n.

Defn: See Oriel.

ORYCTERE
Or"yc*tere, n. Etym: [Gr. oryctère.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The aard-vark.

ORYCTEROPE
O*ryc"ter*ope, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Oryctere.

ORYCTOGNOSY
Or`yc*tog"no*sy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Mineralogy. [Obs.] -- Or`yc*tog*nos"tic, a.
 -- Or`yc*tog*nos"tic*al, a. [Obs.] -- Or`yc*tog*nos"tic*al*ly, adv.
[Obs.]

ORYCTOGRAPHY
Or`yc*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: Description of fossils. [Obs.]

ORYCTOLOGICAL
Or`yc*to*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. oryctologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to oryctology. [Obs.]

ORYCTOLOGIST
Or`yc*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in oryctology. [Obs.]

ORYCTOLOGY
Or`yc*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. oryctologie.]

1. An old name for paleontology.

2. An old name for mineralogy and geology.

ORYX
O"ryx, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of African antelopes which includes the gemsbok, the
leucoryx, the bisa antelope (O. beisa), and the beatrix antelope (O.
beatrix) of Arabia.

ORYZA
O*ry"za, n. Etym: [L., rice, Gr. Rice.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of grasses including the rice plant; rice.

OS
Os, n.; pl. Ossa. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A bone.

OS
Os, n.; pl. Ora. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A mouth; an opening; an entrance.

OS
Os, n.; pl. Osar. Etym: [Sw. ås ridge, chain of hills, pl. åsar.]
(Geol.)

Defn: One of the ridges of sand or gravel found in Sweden, etc.,
supposed by some to be of marine origin, but probably formed by
subglacial waters. The osar are similar to the kames of Scotland and
the eschars of Ireland. See Eschar.

OSAGE ORANGE
O"sage or"ange. (Bot.)

Defn: An ornamental tree of the genus Maclura (M. aurantiaca),
closely allied to the mulberry (Morus); also, its fruit. The tree was
first found in the country of the Osage Indians, and bears a hard and
inedible fruit of an orangelike appearance. See Bois d'arc.

OSAGES
O*sa"ges, n. pl.; sing. Osage (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of southern Sioux Indians, now living in the Indian
Territory.

OSANNE
O*san"ne, n.

Defn: Hosanna. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OSAR
O"sar, n. pl. (Geol.)

Defn: See 3d Os.

OSCAN
Os"can, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Osci, a primitive people of Campania, a
province of ancient Italy.
 -- n.

Defn: The language of the Osci.

OSCILLANCY
Os"cil*lan*cy, n.

Defn: The state of oscillating; a seesaw kind of motion. [R.]

OSCILLARIA
Os`cil*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. oscillare to swing.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of dark green, or purplish black, filamentous, fresh-
water algæ, the threads of which have an automatic swaying or
crawling motion. Called also Oscillatoria.

OSCILLATE
Os"cil*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Oscillated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Oscillating.] Etym: [L. oscillare to swing, fr. oscillum a swing, a
little mask or puppet made to be hung from trees and swing in the
wind, prob. orig., a little mouth, a dim. from os mouth. See Oral,
and cf. Osculate.]

1. To move backward and forward; to vibrate like a pendulum; to
swing; to sway.

2. To vary or fluctuate between fixed limits; to act or move in a
fickle or fluctuating manner; to change repeatedly, back and forth.
The amount of superior families oscillates rather than changes, that
is, it fluctuates within fixed limits. Dc Quincey.

OSCILLATING
Os"cil*la`ting, a.

Defn: That oscillates; vibrating; swinging. Oscillating engine, a
steam engine whose cylinder oscillates on trunnions instead of being
permanently fixed in a perpendicular or other direction. Weale.

OSCILLATING CURRENT
Os"cil*lat`ing current. (Elec.)

Defn: A current alternating in direction.

OSCILLATION
Os`cil*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. oscillatio a swinging.]

1. The act of oscillating; a swinging or moving backward and forward,
like a pendulum; vibration.

2. Fluctuation; variation; change back and forth.
His mind oscillated, undoubtedly; but the extreme points of the
oscillation were not very remote. Macaulay.
Axis of oscillation, Center of oscillation. See under Axis, and
Center.

OSCILLATIVE
Os"cil*la*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to oscillate; vibratory. [R.] I. Taylor.

OSCILLATOR
Os"cil*la`tor, n. One that oscillates; specif.:
 (a) (Elec.)

Defn: Any device for producing electric oscillations; esp., an
apparatus for generating electric waves in a system of wireless
telegraphy.
 (b) (Mech.) An instrument for measuring rigidity by the torsional
oscillations of a weighted wire.

OSCILLATORIA
Os`cil*la*to"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Oscillatory.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Oscillaria.

OSCILLATORY
Os"cil*la*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. oscillatoire. See Oscillate.]

Defn: Moving, or characterized by motion, backward and forward like a
pendulum; swinging; oscillating; vibratory; as, oscillatory motion.

OSCILLOGRAM
Os"cil*lo*gram, n. [L. oscillare + -gram.] (Elec.)

Defn: An autographic record made by an oscillograph.

OSCILLOGRAPH
Os"cil*lo*graph, n. [L. oscillare to swing + -graph.] (Elec.)

Defn: An apparatus for recording or indicating alternating-current
wave forms or other electrical oscillations, usually consisting of a
galvanometer with strong field, in which the mass of the moving part
is very small and frequency of vibration very high. --
Os`cil*lo*graph"ic (#), a.

OSCILLOMETER
Os`cil*lom"e*ter, n. [L. oscillare to swing + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the angle through which a ship
rolls or pitches at sea.

OSCILLOSCOPE
Os*cil"lo*scope, n. [L. oscillare to swing + -scope.] (Elec.)

Defn: An instrument for showing visually the changes in a varying
current; an oscillograph.

OSCINE
Os"cine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Relating to the Oscines.

OSCINES
Os"ci*nes, n. pl. Etym: [L. oscen, -inis.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Singing birds; a group of the Passeres, having numerous
syringeal muscles, conferring musical ability.

OSCINIAN
Os*cin"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Oscines, or singing birds.

OSCINIAN
Os*cin"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of dipterous files of the family
Oscinidæ.

Note: Some, whose larvæ live in the stalks, are very destructive to
barley, wheat, and rye; others, as the barley fly (Oscinis frit),
destroy the heads of grain.

OSCININE
Os"ci*nine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Oscines.

OSCITANCY
Os"ci*tan*cy, n. Etym: [See Oscitant.]

1. The act of gaping or yawning.

2. Drowsiness; dullness; sluggishness. Hallam.
It might proceed from the oscitancy of transcribers. Addison.

OSCITANT
Os"ci*tant, a. Etym: [L. oscitans, -antis, p. pr. of oscitare: cf. F.
oscitant.]

1. Yawning; gaping.

2. Sleepy; drowsy; dull; sluggish; careless.
He must not be oscitant, but intent on his charge. Barrow.

OSCITANTLY
Os"ci*tant*ly, adv.

Defn: In an oscitant manner.

OSCITATE
Os"ci*tate, v. i. Etym: [L. oscitare; os the mouth + citare, v.
intens. fr. ciere to move.]

Defn: To gape; to yawn.

OSCITATION
Os`ci*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. oscitatio: cf. F. oscitation.]

Defn: The act of yawning or gaping. Addison.

OSCULANT
Os"cu*lant, a. Etym: [L. osculans, -antis, p. pr. of osculari to
kiss. See Osculate.]

1. Kissing; hence, meeting; clinging.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Adhering closely; embracing; -- applied to certain creeping
animals, as caterpillars.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: Intermediate in character, or on the border, between two
genera, groups, families, etc., of animals or plants, and partaking
somewhat of the characters of each, thus forming a connecting link;
interosculant; as, the genera by which two families approximate are
called osculant genera.

OSCULATE
Os"cu*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Osculated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Osculating.] Etym: [L. osculatus, p. p. of osculari to kiss, fr.
osculum a little mouth, a kiss, dim. of os mouth. See Oral, and cf.
Oscillate.]

1. To kiss.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: To touch closely, so as to have a common curvature at the point
of contact. See Osculation, 2.

OSCULATE
Os"cu*late, v. i.

1. To kiss one another; to kiss.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: To touch closely. See Osculation, 2.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: To have characters in common with two genera or families, so as
to form a connecting link between them; to interosculate. See
Osculant.

OSCULATION
Os`cu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. osculatio a kissing: cf. F. osculation.]

1. The act of kissing; a kiss.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: The contact of one curve with another, when the number of
consecutive points of the latter through which the former passes
suffices for the complete determination of the former curve. Brande &
C.

OSCULATORY
Os"cu*la*to*ry, a.

1. Of or pertaining to kissing; kissing. "The osculatory ceremony."
Thackeray.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or having the properties of, an osculatrix;
capable of osculation; as, a circle may be osculatory with a curve,
at a given point. Osculatory circle. (Geom.) See Osculating circle of
a curve, under Circle.
 -- Osculatory plane (to a curve of double curvature), a plane which
passes through three successive points of the curve.
 -- Osculatory sphere (to a line of double curvature), a sphere
passing through four consecutive points of the curve.

OSCULATORY
Os"cu*la*to*ry, n. Etym: [LL. osculatorium. See Osculate.] (R. C.
Ch.)

Defn: Same as Pax, 2.

OSCULATRIX
Os`cu*la"trix, n.; pl. Osculatrixes. Etym: [NL.] (Geom.)

Defn: A curve whose contact with a given curve, at a given point, is
of a higher order (or involves the equality of a greater number of
successive differential coefficients of the ordinates of the curves
taken at that point) than that of any other curve of the same kind.

OSCULE
Os"cule, n. Etym: [Cf. F. oscule. See Osculum.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the excurrent apertures of sponges.

OSCULUM
Os"cu*lum, n.; pl. Oscula. Etym: [L., a little mouth.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Oscule.

-OSE
-ose. Etym: [L. -osus: cf. F. -ose. Cf. -ous.]

1. A suffix denoting full of, containing, having the qualities of,
like; as in verbose, full of words; pilose, hairy; globose, like a
globe.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A suffix indicating that the substance to the name of wich it
is affixed is a member of the carbohydrate group; as in cellulose,
sucrose, dextrose, etc.

OSIER
O"sier, n. Etym: [F. osier: cf. Prov. F. oisis, Armor. ozil, aozil,
Gr. vitex, and E. withy.] (Bot.)
(a) A kind of willow (Salix viminalis) growing in wet places in
Europe and Asia, and introduced into North America. It is considered
the best of the willows for basket work. The name is sometimes given
to any kind of willow.
(b) One of the long, pliable twigs of this plant, or of other somilar
plants.
The rank of osiers by the murmuring stream. Shak.
Osier bed, or Osier holt, a place where willows are grown for basket
making. [Eng.] -- Red osier. (a) A kind of willow with reddish twigs
(Salix rubra). (b) An American shrub (Cornus stolonifera) which has
slender red branches; -- also called osier cornel.

OSIER
O"sier, a.

Defn: Made of osiers; composed of, or containing, osiers. "This osier
cage of ours." Shak.

OSIERED
O"siered, a.

Defn: Covered or adorned with osiers; as, osiered banks. [Poetic]
Collins.

OSIERY
O"sier*y, n.

Defn: An osier bed.

OSIRIS
O*si"ris, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Myth.)

Defn: One of the principal divinities of Egypt, the brother and
husband of Isis. He was figured as a mummy wearing the royal cap of
Upper Egypt, and was symbolized by the sacred bull, called Apis. Cf.
Serapis.
 -- O*sir"i*an, a.

OSMANLI
Os"man*li, n.; pl. Osmanlis. Etym: [So called from Osman. See
Ottoman.]

Defn: A Turkish official; one of the dominant tribe of Turks;
loosely, any Turk.

OSMATE
Os"mate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of osmic acid. [Formerly written also osmiate.]

OSMATERIUM
Os`ma*te"ri*um, n.; pl. Osmateria. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a pair of scent organs which the larvæ of certain
butterflies emit from the first body segment, either above or below.

OSMAZOME
Os"ma*zome, n. Etym: [Gr. osmazôme.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: A substance formerly supposed to give to soup and broth their
characteristic odor, and probably consisting of one or several of the
class of nitrogenous substances which are called extractives.

OSMIAMATE
Os`mi*am"ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of osmiamic acid.

OSMIAMIC
Os`mi*am"ic, a. Etym: [Osmium + amido.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous acid of
osmium, H2N2Os2O5, forming a well-known series of yellow salts.

OSMIC
Os"mic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, osmium;
specifically, designating those compounds in which it has a valence
higher than in other lower compounds; as, osmic oxide. Osmic acid.
(Chem.) (a) Osmic tetroxide. [Obs.] (b) Osmic acid proper, an acid
analogous to sulphuric acid, not known in the free state, but forming
a well-known and stable series of salts (osmates), which were
formerly improperly called osmites.
 -- Osmic tetroxide (Chem.), a white volatile crystalline substance,
OsO4, the most stable and characteristic of the compounds of osmium.
It has a burning taste, and gives off a vapor, which is a powerful
irritant poison, violently attacking the eyes, and emitting a strong
chlorinelike odor. Formerly improperly called osmic acid.

OSMIDROSIS
Os`mi*dro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The secretion of fetid sweat.

OSMIOUS
Os"mi*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Denoting those compounds of osmium in which the element has a
valence relatively lower than in the osmic compounds; as, osmious
chloride. [Written also osmous.] Osmious acid (Chem.), an acid
derived from osmium, analogous to sulphurous acid, and forming
unstable salts. It is a brown amorphous substance.

OSMITE
Os"mite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of osmious acid.

OSMIUM
Os"mi*um, n. Etym: [Gr. Odor.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element of the platinum group, found native as
an alloy in platinum ore, and in iridosmine. It is a hard, infusible,
bluish or grayish white metal, and the heaviest substance known. Its
tetroxide is used in histological experiments to stain tissues.
Symbol Os. Atomic weight 191.1. Specific gravity 22.477.

OSMOGENE
Os"mo*gene, n.  [Osmose + root of Gr.  race.]

Defn: An apparatus, consisting of a number of cells whose sides are
of parchment paper, for conducting the process of osmosis. It is used
esp. in sugar refining to remove potassium salts from the molasses.

OSMOGRAPH
Os"mo*graph, n.  [Osmose + -graph.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for recording the height of the liquid in an
endosmometer or for registering osmotic pressures.

OSMOMETER
Os*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the amount of osmotic action in
different liquids.

OSMOMETRY
Os*mom"e*try, n. (Physics)

Defn: The study of osmose by means of the osmometer.

OSMOSE
Os"mose, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chemical Physics)
(a) The tendency in fluids to mix, or become equably diffused, when
in contact. It was first observed between fluids of differing
densities, and as taking place through a membrane or an intervening
porous structure. The more rapid flow from the thinner to the thicker
fluid was then called endosmose, and the opposite, slower current,
exosmose. Both are, however, results of the same force. Osmose may be
regarded as a form of molecular attraction, allied to that of
adhesion.
(b) The action produced by this tendency. Electric osmose, or
Electric endosmose (Elec.), the transportation of a liquid through a
porous septum by the action of an electric current.

OSMOSIS
Os*mo"sis, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Osmose.

OSMOTIC
Os*mot"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or having the property of, osmose; as, osmotic
force.

OSMUND
Os"mund, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A fern of the genus Osmunda, or flowering fern. The most
remarkable species is the osmund royal, or royal fern (Osmunda
regalis), which grows in wet or boggy places, and has large bipinnate
fronds, often with a panicle of capsules at the top. The rootstock
contains much starch, and has been used in stiffening linen.

OSNABURG
Os"na*burg, n.

Defn: A species of coarse linen, originally made in Osnaburg,
Germany.

OSO-BERRY
O"so-ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The small, blueblack, drupelike fruit of the Nuttallia
cerasiformis, a shrub of Oregon and California, belonging to the
Cherry tribe of Rosaceæ.

OSPHRADIUM
Os*phra"di*um, n.; pl. Osphradia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The olfactory organ of some Mollusca. It is connected with the
organ of respiration.

OSPREY; OSPRAY
Os"prey, Os"pray, n. Etym: [Through OF. fr. L. ossifraga (orig., the
bone breaker); prob. influenced by oripelargus (mountain stork, a
kind of eagle, Gr. orpres, and F. orfraie. See Ossifrage.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fishhawk.

OSS
Oss, v. i. Etym: [See Osse, n.]

Defn: To prophesy; to presage. [R. & Obs.] R. Edgeworth.

OSSE
Osse, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A prophetic or ominous utterance. [R. & Obs.] Holland.

OSSEAN
Os"se*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish having a bony skeleton; a teleost.

OSSEIN
Os"se*in, n. Etym: [L. os bone.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The organic basis of bone tissue; the residue after removal of
the mineral matters from bone by dilute acid; in embryonic tissue,
the substance in which the mineral salts are deposited to form bone;
-- called also ostein. Chemically it is the same as collagen.

OSSELET
Os"se*let, n. Etym: [F.]

1. A little bone.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The internal bone, or shell, of a cuttlefish.

OSSEOUS
Os"se*ous, a. Etym: [L. osseus, from os, ossis bone; akin to Gr.
asthi. Cf. Oyster.]

Defn: Composed of bone; resembling bone; capable of forming bone;
bony; ossific.

OSSETER
Os"se*ter, n. Etym: [Russ, osetr' sturgeon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of sturgeon.

OSSIANIC
Os`si*an"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or characteristic of, Ossian, a legendary
Erse or Celtic bard.
The compositions might be fairly classed as Ossianic. G. Eliot.

OSSICLE
Os"si*cle, n. Etym: [L. ossiculum, dim. of os, ossis, a bone.]

1. A little bone; as, the auditory ossicles in the tympanum of the
ear.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of numerous small calcareous structures forming the
skeleton of certain echinoderms, as the starfishes.

OSSICULATED
Os*sic"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: Having small bones.

OSSICULUM
Os*sic"u*lum, n.; pl. Ossicula. Etym: [L., a little bone.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Ossicle.

OSSIFEROUS
Os*sif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. os, ossis, a bone + -ferous: cf. F.
ossifère.]

Defn: Containing or yielding bone.

OSSIFIC
Os*sif"ic, a. Etym: [L. os, ossis, bone + facere to make: cf. F.
ossifique. See Fact.]

Defn: Capable of producing bone; having the power to change cartilage
or other tissue into bone.

OSSIFICATION
Os`si*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ossification. See Ossify.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: The formation of bone; the process, in the growth of an animal,
by which inorganic material (mainly lime salts) is deposited in
cartilage or membrane, forming bony tissue; ostosis.

Note: Besides the natural ossification of growing tissue, there is
the so-called accidental ossification which sometimes follows certain
abnormal conditions, as in the ossification of an artery.

2. The state of being changed into a bony substance; also, a mass or
point of ossified tissue.

OSSIFIED
Os"si*fied, a.

Defn: Changed to bone or something resembling bone; hardened by
deposits of mineral matter of any kind; -- said of tissues.

OSSIFRAGE
Os"si*frage, n. Etym: [L. ossifraga, ossifragus, osprey, fr.
ossifragus bone breaking; os, ossis, a bone + frangere, fractum, to
break. See Osseous, Break, and cf. Osprey, Ossifragous.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The lammergeir.
(b) The young of the sea eagle or bald eagle. [Obs.]

OSSIFRAGOUS
Os*sif"ra*gous, a. Etym: [L. ossifragus. See Ossifrage.]

Defn: Serving to break bones; bone-breaking.

OSSIFY
Os"si*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ossified; p. pr. & vb. n. Ossifying.]
Etym: [L. os, ossis, bone + -fy: cf. F. ossifier. See Osseous.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: To form into bone; to change from a soft animal substance into
bone, as by the deposition of lime salts.

2. Fig.: To harden; as, to ossify the heart. Ruskin.

OSSIFY
Os"si*fy, v. i. (Physiol.)

Defn: To become bone; to change from a soft tissue to a hard bony
tissue.

OSSIFYING
Os"si*fy`ing, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Changing into bone; becoming bone; as, the ossifying process.

OSSIVOROUS
Os*siv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. os, ossis, bone + vorare to devour: cf.
F. ossivore.]

Defn: Feeding on bones; eating bones; as, ossivorous quadrupeds.
Derham.

OSSPRINGER
Os"spring*er, n.

Defn: The osprey. [R.]

OSSUARIUM
Os`su*a"ri*um, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A charnel house; an ossuary. Walpole.

OSSUARY
Os"su*a*ry, n.; pl. -ries. Etym: [L. ossuarium, fr. ossuarius of or
bones, fr. os, ossis, bone: cf. F. ossuaire.]

Defn: A place where the bones of the dead are deposited; a charnel
house. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

OST
Ost, n.

Defn: See Oast.

OSTEAL
Os"te*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Osseous.

OSTEIN
Os"te*in, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Ossein.

OSTEITIS
Os`te*i"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Osteo-, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of bone.

OSTELER
Os"tel*er, n.

Defn: Same as Hosteler. Wyclif.

OSTEND
Os*tend", v. t. Etym: [L. ostendere to show.]

Defn: To exhibit; to manifest. [Obs.]
Mercy to mean offenders we'll ostend. J. Webster.

OSTENSIBILITY
Os*ten`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being ostensible.

OSTENSIBLE
Os*ten"si*ble, a. Etym: [From L. ostensus, p. p. of ostendere to
show, prop., to stretch out before; fr. prefix obs- (old form of ob-)
+ tendere to stretch. See Tend.]

1. Capable of being shown; proper or intended to be shown. [R.]
Walpole.

2. Shown; exhibited; declared; avowed; professed; apparent; -- often
used as opposed to real or actual; as, an ostensible reason, motive,
or aim. D. Ramsay.

OSTENSIBLY
Os*ten"si*bly, adv.

Defn: In an ostensible manner; avowedly; professedly; apparently.
Walsh.
Ostensibly, we were intended to prevent filibustering into Texas, but
really as a menace to Mexico. U. S. Grant.

OSTENSION
Os*ten"sion, n. Etym: [L. ostensio a showing: cf. F. ostension. See
Ostend.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The showing of the sacrament on the altar in order that it may
receive the adoration of the communicants.

OSTENSIVE
Os*ten"sive, a.

Defn: Showing; exhibiting. Ostensive demonstration (Math.), a direct
or positive demonstration, as opposed to the apagogical or indirect
method.

OSTENSIVELY
Os*ten"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ostensive manner.

OSTENSORIUM; OSTENSORY
Os`ten*so"ri*um, Os*ten"so*ry, n.; pl. L. -soria, E. -sories. Etym:
[NL. ostensorium: cf. F. ostensoir. See Ostensible.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Same as Monstrance.

OSTENT
Os"tent, n. Etym: [L. ostentus, ostentum, fr. ostendere (p. p.
ostensus and ostentus) to show. See Ostensible.]

1. Appearance; air; mien. Shak.

2. Manifestation; token; portent. Dryden.
We asked of God that some ostent might clear Our cloudy business, who
gave us sign. Chapman.

OSTENTATE
Os"ten*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. ostentatus, p. p. of ostentare, v.
intens. fr. ostendere. See Ostent.]

Defn: To make an ambitious display of; to show or exhibit boastingly.
[R.] Jer. Taylor.

OSTENTATION
Os`ten*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. ostentatio: cf. F. ostentation.]

1. The act of ostentating or of making an ambitious display;
unnecessary show; pretentious parade; -- usually in a detractive
sense. "Much ostentation vain of fleshly arm." Milton.
He knew that good and bountiful minds were sometimes inclined to
ostentation. Atterbury.

2. A show or spectacle. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- Parade; pageantry; show; pomp; pompousness; vaunting; boasting.
See Parade.

OSTENTATIOUS
Os`ten*ta"tious, a.

Defn: Fond of, or evincing, ostentation; unduly conspicuous;
pretentious; boastful.
Far from being ostentatious of the good you do. Dryden.
The ostentatious professions of many years. Macaulay.
-- Os`ten*ta"tious*ly, adv.
 -- Os`ten*ta"tious*ness, n.

OSTENTATOR
Os"ten*ta`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One fond of display; a boaster. Sherwood.

OSTENTIVE
Os*ten"tive, a.

Defn: Ostentatious. [Obs.]

OSTENTOUS
Os*ten"tous, a.

Defn: Ostentatious. [Obs.] Feltham.

OSTEO-
Os"te*o-.

Defn: A combining form of Gr. a bone.

OSTEOBLAST
Os"te*o*blast, n. Etym: [Osteo- + -blast.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the protoplasmic cells which occur in the osteogenetic
layer of the periosteum, and from or around which the matrix of the
bone is developed; an osteoplast.

OSTEOCLASIS
Os`te*o*cla"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Osteoclast.] (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of breaking a bone in order to correct deformity.

OSTEOCLAST
Os"te*o*clast, n. Etym: [Osteo- + Gr.

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: A myeloplax.

Note: The osteoclasts occur usually in pits or cavities which they
appear to have excavated, and are supposed to be concerned in the
absorption of the bone matrix.

2. An instrument for performing osteoclasis.

OSTEOCOLLA
Os`te*o*col"la, n. Etym: [Osteo- + Gr.

1. A kind of glue obtained from bones. Ure.

2. A cellular calc tufa, which in some places forms incrustations on
the stems of plants, -- formerly supposed to have the quality of
uniting fractured bones.

OSTEOCOMMA
Os`te*o*com"ma, n.; pl. L. Osteocommata, E. Osteocommas. Etym: [NL.
See Osteo-, and Comma.] (Anat.)

Defn: A metamere of the vertebrate skeleton; an osteomere; a
vertebra. Owen.

OSTEOCOPE
Os"te*o*cope, n. Etym: [Gr. ostéocope.] (Med.)

Defn: Pain in the bones; a violent fixed pain in any part of a bone.
 -- Os`te*o*cop"ic, a.

OSTEOCRANIUM
Os`te*o*cra"ni*um, n. Etym: [Osteo- + cranium.] (Anat.)

Defn: The bony cranium, as distinguished from the cartilaginous
cranium.

OSTEODENTINE
Os`te*o*den"tine, n. Etym: [Osteo- + denite.] (Anat.)

Defn: A hard substance, somewhat like bone, which is sometimes
deposited within the pulp cavity of teeth.

OSTEOGEN
Os"te*o*gen, n. Etym: [Osteo- + -gen.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The soft tissue, or substance, which, in developing bone,
ultimately undergoes ossification.

OSTEOGENESIS; OSTEOGENY
Os`te*o*gen"e*sis, Os`te*og"e*ny, n. Etym: [Osteo- + genesis, or the
root of Gr. ostéogénie.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The formation or growth of bone.

OSTEOGENETIC
Os`te*o*ge*net"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Connected with osteogenesis, or the formation of bone;
producing bone; as, osteogenetic tissue; the osteogenetic layer of
the periosteum.

OSTEOGENIC
Os`te*o*gen"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Osteogenetic.

OSTEOGRAPHER
Os`te*og"ra*pher, n.

Defn: An osteologist.

OSTEOGRAPHY
Os`te*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Osteo- + -graphy.]

Defn: The description of bones; osteology.

OSTEOID
Os"te*oid, a. Etym: [Osteo- + -oid: cf. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Resembling bone; bonelike.

OSTEOLITE
Os"te*o*lite, n. Etym: [Osteo- + -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A massive impure apatite, or calcium phosphate.

OSTEOLOGER
Os`te*ol"o*ger, n.

Defn: One versed in osteology; an osteologist.

OSTEOLOGIC; OSTEOLOGICAL
Os`te*o*log"ic, Os`te*o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ostéologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to osteology.
 -- Os`te*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

OSTEOLOGIST
Os`te*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is skilled in osteology; an osteologer.

OSTEOLOGY
Os`te*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Osteo- + -logy: cf. F. ostéologie.]

Defn: The science which treats of the bones of the vertebrate
skeleton.

OSTEOLYSIS
Os`te*ol"y*sis, n. [NL. osteo-+ Gr.  a loosing.]

Defn: Softening and absorption of bone. -- Os`te*o*lyt"ic (#), a.

OSTEOMA
Os`te*o"ma, n.; pl. Osteomata. Etym: [NL. See Osteo-, and -oma.]
(Med.)

Defn: A tumor composed mainly of bone; a tumor of a bone.

OSTEOMALACIA
Os`te*o*ma*la"ci*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A disease of the bones, in which they lose their earthy
material, and become soft, flexible, and distorted. Also called
malacia.

OSTEOMANTY
Os"te*o*man`ty, n. Etym: [Osteo- Gr.

Defn: Divination by means of bones. [R.]

OSTEOMERE
Os"te*o*mere, n. Etym: [Osteo- + -mere.] (Anat.)

Defn: An osteocomma. Owen.

OSTEOPATH
Os"te*o*path, n.

Defn: A practitioner of osteopathy.

OSTEOPATHIC
Os`te*o*path"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to osteopathy. --Os`te*o*path"ic*al*ly (#),
adv.

OSTEOPATHIST
Os`te*op"a*thist, n.

Defn: One who practices osteopathy; an osteopath.

OSTEOPATHY
Os`te*op"a*thy, n.  [Osteo- + Gr.  suffering.] (Med.)
 (a) Any disease of the bones. [R.]
 (b) A system of treatment based on the theory that diseases are
chiefly due to deranged mechanism of the bones, nerves, blood
vessels, and other tissues, and can be remedied by manipulations of
these parts.

OSTEOPERIOSTITIS
Os`te*o*per`i*os*ti"tis, n. [NL.; osteo- + periosteum + -itis.]
(Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of a bone and its periosteum.

OSTEOPHONE
Os"te*o*phone, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An instrument for transmission of auditory vibrations through
the bones of the head, so as to be appreciated as sounds by persons
deaf from causes other than those affecting the nervous apparatus of
hearing.

OSTEOPLAST
Os"te*o*plast, n. Etym: [Osteo- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: An osteoblast.

OSTEOPLASTIC
Os`te*o*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Osteo- + -plastic.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: Producing bone; as, osteoplastic cells.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the replacement of bone; as, an
osteoplastic operation.

OSTEOPLASTY
Os"te*o*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Osteo- + -plasty.] (Med.)

Defn: An operation or process by which the total or partial loss of a
bone is remedied. Dunglison.

OSTEOPOROSIS
Os`te*o*po*ro"sis, n. [NL.; osteo- + Gr.  pore.] (Med. & Physiol.)

Defn: An absorption of bone so that the tissue becomes unusually
porous.

OSTEOPTERYGIOUS
Os`te*op`ter*yg"i*ous, a. Etym: [Osteo- Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having bones in the fins, as certain fishes.

OSTEOSARCOMA
Os`te*o*sar*co"ma, n.; pl. Osteosarcomata. Etym: [NL. See Osteo-, and
sarcoma.] (Med.)

Defn: A tumor having the structure of a sacroma in which there is a
deposit of bone; sarcoma connected with bone.

OSTEOSCLEROSIS
Os`te*o*scle*ro"sis, n. [NL.; osteo- + sclerosis.]

Defn: Abnormal hardness and density of bone.

OSTEOTOME
Os"te*o*tome, n. Etym: [Osteo- + Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: Strong nippers or a chisel for dividing bone.

OSTEOTOMIST
Os`te*ot"o*mist, n.

Defn: One skilled in osteotomy.

OSTEOTOMY
Os`te*ot"o*my, n.

1. The dissection or anatomy of bones; osteology.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of dividing a bone or of cutting a piece out of
it, -- done to remedy deformity, etc.

OSTEOZOA
Os`te*o*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Vertebrata.

OSTIARY
Os"ti*a*ry, n.; pl. -ries. Etym: [L. ostium door, entrance. See
Usher.]

1. The mouth of a river; an estuary. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. One who keeps the door, especially the door of a church; a porter.
N. Bacon.

OSTIC
Os"tic, a. Etym: [From North American Indian oshtegwon a head.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or applied to, the language of the Tuscaroras,
Iroquois, Wyandots, Winnebagoes, and a part of the Sioux Indians.
Schoolcraft.

OSTIOLE
Os"ti*ole, n. Etym: [L. ostiolum a little door, dim. of ostium a
door: cf. F. ostiole.] (Bot.)
(a) The exterior opening of a stomate. See Stomate.
(b) Any small orifice.

OSTITIS
Os*ti"tis, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: See Osteitis.

OSTIUM
Os"ti*um, n.; pl. Ostia. Etym: [L.] (Anat.)

Defn: An opening; a passage.

OSTLER
Ost"ler, n.

Defn: See Hostler.

OSTLERESS
Ost"ler*ess, n.

Defn: A female ostler. [R.] Tennyson.

OSTLERY
Ost"ler*y, n.

Defn: See Hostelry. [Obs.]

OSTMEN
Ost"men, n. pl.; sing. Ostman. Etym: [See East, and Man.]

Defn: East men; Danish settlers in Ireland, formerly so called.
Lyttelton.

OSTOSIS
Os*to"sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Bone formation; ossification. See Ectostosis, and Endostosis.

OSTRACEA
Os*tra"ce*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of bivalve mollusks including the oysters and allied
shells.

OSTRACEAN
Os*tra"cean, n. Etym: [L. ostrea an oyster. See Oyster.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of a family of bivalves, of which the oyster is the
type.

OSTRACION
Os*tra"ci*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of plectognath fishes having the body covered with
solid, immovable, bony plates. It includes the trunkfishes.

OSTRACIONT
Os*tra"ci*ont, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of the genus Ostracion and allied genera.

OSTRACISM
Os"tra*cism, n. Etym: [Gr. Ostracize.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: Banishment by popular vote, -- a means adopted at Athens to rid
the city of a person whose talent and influence gave umbrage.

2. Banishment; exclusion; as, social ostracism.
Public envy is as an ostracism, that eclipseth men when they grow too
great. Bacon.
Sentenced to a perpetual ostracism from the . . . confidence, and
honors, and emoluments of his country. A. Hamilton.

OSTRACITE
Os"tra*cite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil oyster.

OSTRACIZE
Os"tra*cize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ostracized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ostracizing.] Etym: [Gr. Osseous, Oyster.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: To exile by ostracism; to banish by a popular vote, as at
Athens. Grote.

2. To banish from society; to put under the ban; to cast out from
social, political, or private favor; as, he was ostracized by his
former friends. Marvell.

OSTRACODA
Os*trac"o*da, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Ostracoidea.

OSTRACODERMI
Os`tra*coder"mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of fishes of which Ostracion is the type.

OSTRACOID
Os"tra*coid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ostracoidea.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Ostracoidea.

OSTRACOIDEA
Os`tra*coi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Entomostraca possessing hard bivalve shells. They
are of small size, and swim freely about. [Written also Ostracoda.]

OSTREA
Os"tre*a, n. Etym: [L., an oyster.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of bivalve Mollusca which includes the true oysters.

OSTREACEOUS
Os`tre*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. ostrea an oyster. See Oyster.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an oyster, or to a shell; shelly.
The crustaceous or ostreaceous body. Cudworth.

OSTREACULTURE
Os"tre*a*cul`ture, n.

Defn: The artificial cultivation of oysters.

OSTREOPHAGIST
Os`tre*oph"a*gist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who feeds on oysters.

OSTRICH
Os"trich, n. Etym: [OE. ostriche, ostrice, OF. ostruche, ostruce, F.
autruche, L. avis struthio; avis bird + struthio ostrich, fr. Gr.
Aviary, Struthious.] [Formerly written also estrich.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large bird of the genus Struthio, of which Struthio camelus
of Africa is the best known species. It has long and very strong
legs, adapted for rapid running; only two toes; a long neck, nearly
bare of feathers; and short wings incapable of flight. The adult male
is about eight feet high.

Note: The South African ostrich (Struthio australis) and the Asiatic
ostrich are considered distinct species by some authors. Ostriches
are now domesticated in South Africa in large numbers for the sake of
their plumes. The body of the male is covered with elegant black
plumose feathers, while the wings and tail furnish the most valuable
white plumes. Ostrich farm, a farm on which ostriches are bred for
the sake of their feathers, oil, eggs, etc.
 -- Ostrich farming, the occupation of breeding ostriches for the
sake of their feathers, etc.
 -- Ostrich fern (Bot.) a kind of fern (Onoclea Struthiopteris), the
tall fronds of which grow in a circle from the rootstock. It is found
in alluvial soil in Europe and North America.

OSTRIFEROUS
Os*trif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. ostrifer; ostrea oyster + ferre.]

Defn: Producing oysters; containing oysters.

OSTROGOTH
Os"tro*goth, n. Etym: [L. Ostrogothi, pl. See East, and Goth.]

Defn: One of the Eastern Goths. See Goth.

OSTROGOTHIC
Os`tro*goth"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ostrogoths.

OSWEGO TEA
Os*we"go tea". (Bot.)

Defn: An American aromatic herb (Monarda didyma), with showy, bright
red, labiate flowers.

OTACOUSTIC
Ot`a*cous"tic, a. Etym: [Oto- + acoustic: cf. F. otacoustique.]

Defn: Assisting the sense of hearing; as, an otacoustic instrument.

OTACOUSTIC; OTACOUSTICON
Ot`a*cous"tic, Ot`a*cous"ti*con, n.

Defn: An instrument to facilitate hearing, as an ear trumpet.

OTAHEITE APPLE
O`ta*hei"te ap"ple. Etym: [So named from Otaheite, or Tahiti, one of
the Society Islands.] (Bot.)
(a) The fruit of a Polynesian anacardiaceous tree (Spondias dulcis),
also called vi-apple. It is rather larger than an apple, and the rind
has a flavor of turpentine, but the flesh is said to taste like
pineapples.
(b) A West Indian name for a myrtaceous tree (Jambosa Malaccensis)
which bears crimson berries.

OTALGIA
O*tal"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. otalgie.] (Med.)

Defn: Pain in the ear; earache.

OTALGIC
O*tal"gic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to otalgia.
 -- n.

Defn: A remedy for otalgia.

OTALGY
O*tal"gy, n.

Defn: Pain in the ear; otalgia.

OTARY
O"ta*ry, n.; pl. Otaries. Etym: [Gr. otarie.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any eared seal.

OTHEOSCOPE
O"the*o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for exhibiting the repulsive action produced by
light or heat in an exhausted vessel; a modification of the
radoimeter. W. Crookes.

OTHER
Oth"er conj. Etym: [See Or.]

Defn: Either; -- used with other or or for its correlative (as either
. . . or are now used). [Obs.]
Other of chalk, other of glass. Chaucer.

OTHER
Oth"er, pron. & a. Etym: [AS. ; akin to OS. a, , D. & G. ander, OHG.
andar, Icel. annarr, Sw. annan, Dan. anden, Goth. an, Skr. antara:
cf. L. alter; all orig. comparatives: cf. Skr. anya other. sq.
root180. Cf. Alter.] [Formerly other was used both as singular and
plural.]

1. Different from that which, or the one who, has been specified; not
the same; not identical; additional; second of two.
Each of them made other for to win. Chaucer.
Whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other
also. Matt. v. 39.

2. Not this, but the contrary; opposite; as, the other side of a
river.

3. Alternate; second; -- used esp. in connection with every; as,
every other day, that is, each alternate day, every second day.

4. Left, as opposed to right. [Obs.]
A distaff in her other hand she had. Spenser.

Note: Other is a correlative adjective, or adjective pronoun, often
in contrast with one, some, that, this, etc.
The one shall be taken, and the other left. Matt. xxiv. 4
And some fell among thorns . . . but other fell into good ground.
Matt. xiii. 7, 8.

It is also used, by ellipsis, with a noun, expressed or understood.
To write this, or to design the other. Dryden.
It is written with the indefinite article as one word, another; is
used with each, indicating a reciprocal action or relation; and is
employed absolutely, or eliptically for other thing, or other person,
in which case it may have a plural.
The fool and the brutish person perish, and leave their wealth to
others. Ps. xlix. 10.
If he is trimming, others are true. Thackeray.
Other is sometimes followed by but, beside, or besides; but oftener
by than.
No other but such a one as he. Coleridge.
Other lords beside thee have had dominion over us. Is. xxvi. 13.
For other foundation can no man lay than that is laid. 1 Cor. iii.
11.
The whole seven years of . . . ignominy had been little other than a
preparation for this very hour. Hawthorne.
Other some, some others. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] -- The other day, at a
certain time past, not distant, but indefinite; not long ago;
recently; rarely, the third day past.
Bind my hair up: as't was yesterday No, nor t' other day. B. Jonson.

OTHER
Oth"er, adv.

Defn: Otherwise. "It shall none other be." Chaucer. "If you think
other." Shak.

OTHERGATES
Oth"er*gates`, adv. Etym: [Other + gate way. See wards.]

Defn: In another manner. [Obs.]
He would have tickled you othergates. Shak.

OTHERGUISE; OTHERGUESS
Oth"er*guise`, Oth"er*guess`, a. & adv. Etym: [A corruption of
othergates.]

Defn: Of another kind or sort; in another way. "Otherguess
arguments." Berkeley.

OTHERNESS
Oth"er*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being other or different; alterity;
oppositeness.

OTHERWAYS
Oth"er*ways`, adv.

Defn: See Otherwise. Tyndale.

OTHERWHERE
Oth"er*where`, adv.

Defn: In or to some other place, or places; elsewhere. Milton.
Tennyson.

OTHERWHILE; OTHERWHILES
Oth"er*while`, Oth"er*whiles`, adv.

Defn: At another time, or other times; sometimes; [Archaic]
Weighing otherwhiles ten pounds and more. Holland.

OTHERWISE
Oth"er*wise`, adv. Etym: [Other + wise manner.]

1. In a different manner; in another way, or in other ways;
differently; contrarily. Chaucer.
Thy father was a worthy prince, And merited, alas! a better fate; But
Heaven thought otherwise. Addison.

2. In other respects.
It is said, truly, that the best men otherwise are not always the
best in regard of society. Hooker.

3. In different circumstances; under other conditions; as, I am
engaged, otherwise I would accept.

Note: Otherwise, like so and thus, may be used as a substitute for
the opposite of a previous adjective, noun, etc.
Let no man think me a fool; if otherwise, yet as a fool receive me. 2
Cor. xi. 16.
Her eyebrows . . . rather full than otherwise. Fielding.

OTHMAN
Oth"man, n. & a.

Defn: See Ottoman.

OTIC
O"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. otique.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the ear; auricular;
auditory.

OTIOSE
O"ti*ose`, a. Etym: [L. otiosus, fr. otium ease.]

Defn: Being at leisure or ease; unemployed; indolent; idle. "Otiose
assent." Paley.
The true keeping of the Sabbath was not that otiose and unAlford.

OTIOSITY
O`ti*os"ity, n. Etym: [L. otiositas.]

Defn: Leisure; indolence; idleness; ease. [R.] Thackeray.

OTIS
O"tis, n. Etym: [L., a kind of bustard, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds including the bustards.

OTITIS
O*ti"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the ear.

OTO-
O"to-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form denoting relation to, or situation near or in,
the ear.

OTOBA FAT
O*to"ba fat`. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless buttery substance obtained from the fruit of
Myristica otoba, a species of nutmeg tree.

OTOCONITE
O*toc"o*nite, n. Etym: [Oto- + Gr. (Anat.)
(a) A mass of otoliths.
(b) An otolith.

OTOCRANE
O"to*crane, n. Etym: [Oto- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The cavity in the skull in which the parts of the internal ear
are lodged.

OTOCRANIAL
O`to*cra"ni*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the otocrane.

OTOCYST
O"to*cyst, n. Etym: [Oto- + cyst.] (Zoöl. & Anat.)

Defn: An auditory cyst or vesicle; one of the simple auditory organs
of many invertebrates, containing a fluid and otoliths; also, the
embryonic vesicle from which the parts of the internal ear of
vertebrates are developed.

OTOGRAPHY
O*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Oto- + -graphy.]

Defn: A description of the ear.

OTOLITH; OTOLITE
O"to*lith, O"to*lite, n. Etym: [Oto- + -lith, -lite.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the small bones or particles of calcareous or other hard
substance in the internal ear of vertebrates, and in the auditory
organs of many invertebrates; an ear stone. Collectively, the
otoliths are called ear sand and otoconite.

OTOLITHIC; OTOLITIC
O`to*lith"ic, O`to*lit"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to otoliths.

OTOLOGICAL
O`to*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining tootology.

OTOLOGIST
O*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One skilled in otology; an aurist.

OTOLOGY
O*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Oto- + -logy.]

Defn: The branch of science which treats of the ear and its diseases.

OTOPATHY
O*top"a*thy, n. Etym: [Oto- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A diseased condition of the ear.

OTORRHEA; OTORRHOEA
O`tor*rhe"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A flow or running from the ear, esp. a purulent discharge.

OTOSCOPE
O"to*scope, n. Etym: [Oto- + -scope.]

Defn: An instrument for examining the condition of the ear.

OTOSCOPEIC
O`to*scope"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the otoscope or to otoscopy.

OTOSCOPY
O*tos"co*py, n. (Med.)

Defn: The examination of the ear; the art of using the otoscope.

OTOSTEAL
O*tos"te*al, n. Etym: [Oto- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: An auditory ossicle. R. Owen.

OTOZOUM
O`to*zo"um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of huge vertebrates, probably dinosaurs, known
only from four-toed tracks in Triassic sandstones.

OTTAR
Ot"tar, n.

Defn: See Attar.

OTTAVA RIMA
Ot*ta"va ri"ma. [It. See Octave, and Rhyme.] (Pros.)

Defn: A stanza of eight lines of heroic verse, with three rhymes, the
first six lines rhyming alternately and the last two forming a
couplet. It was used by Byron in "Don Juan," by Keats in "Isabella,"
by Shelley in "The Witch of Atlas," etc.

OTTAWAS
Ot"ta*was, n. pl.; sing. Ottawa (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians who, when first known, lived on the Ottawa
River. Most of them subsequently migrated to the southwestern shore
of Lake Superior.

OTTER
Ot"ter, n. Etym: [OE. oter, AS. Otor; akin to D. & G. otter, Icel.
otr, Dan. odder, Sw. utter, Lith. udra, Russ, vuidra, Gr. udra otter,
and also to E. water. Water, and cf. Hydra.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any carnivorous animal of the genus Lutra, and related genera.
Several species are described. They have large, flattish heads, short
ears, and webbed toes. They are aquatic, and feed on fish. Their fur
is soft and valuable. The common otter of Europe is Lutra vulgaris;
the American otter is L. Canadensis; other species inhabit South
America and Asia.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of the ghost moth. It is very injurious to hop vines.
Otter hound, Otter dog (Zoöl.), a small breed of hounds, used in
England for hunting otters.
 -- Otter sheep. See Ancon sheep, under Ancon.
 -- Otter shell (Zoöl.), very large bivalve mollusk (Schizothærus
Nuttallii) found on the northwest coast of America. It is excellent
food, and is extensively used by the Indians.
 -- Sea otter. (Zoöl.) See in the Vocabulary.

OTTER
Ot"ter, n.

Defn: A corruption of Annotto.

OTTO
Ot"to, n.

Defn: See Attar.

OTTO CYCLE
Ot"to cy`cle. (Thermodynamics)

Defn: A four-stroke cycle for internal-combustion engines consisting
of the following operations: First stroke, suction into cylinder of
explosive charge, as of gas and air; second stroke, compression,
ignition, and explosion of this charge; third stroke (the working
stroke), expansion of the gases; fourth stroke, expulsion of the
products of combustion from the cylinder. This is the cycle invented
by Beau de Rochas in 1862 and applied by Dr. Otto in 1877 in the
Otto-Crossley gas engine, the first commercially successful internal-
combustion engine made.

OTTO ENGINE
Otto engine.

Defn: An engine using the Otto cycle.

OTTOMAN
Ot"to*man, a. Etym: [F. ottoman: cf. It. ottomano, ottomanno; -- from
Othoman, Othman, or Osman, the name of a sultan who assumed the
government of Turkey about the year 1300. Cf. Osmanli, Ottoman a
stuffed seat.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Turks; as, the Ottoman power or empire.

OTTOMAN
Ot"to*man, n.; pl. Ottomans (.

1. A Turk.

2. Etym: [F. ottomane, from ottoman Turkish.]

Defn: A stuffed seat without a back, originally used in Turkey.

OTTOMITE
Ot"to*mite, n.

Defn: An Ottoman. [R.] Shak.

OTTRELITE
Ot"trel*ite, n. Etym: [From Ottrez, on the borders of Luxembourg.]
(Min.)

Defn: A micaceous mineral occurring in small scales. It is
characteristic of certain crystalline schists.

OUAKARI
Oua*ka"ri, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any South American monkey of the genus Brachyurus, especially
B. ouakari.

OUANANICHE
Oua`na`niche", n. [Canadian F., of Amer. Indian origin.]

Defn: A small landlocked variety of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar
ounaniche) of Lake St. John, Canada, and neighboring waters, noted
for its vigor and activity, and habit of leaping from the water when
hooked.

OUANDEROO
Ouan`der*oo", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wanderoo.

OUARINE
Oua`rine", n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Brazilian monkey of the genus Mycetes.

OUBLIETTE
Ou`bli`ette", n. Etym: [F., fr. oublier to forget, fr. (assumed) LL.
oblitare, L. oblivisci, p. p. oblitus.]

Defn: A dungeon with an opening only at the top, found in some old
castles and other strongholds, into which persons condemned to
perpetual imprisonment, or to perish secretly, were thrust, or lured
to fall.
Sudden in the sun An oubliette winks. Where is he Gone. Mrs.
Browning.

OUCH
Ouch, n. Etym: [OE. ouch, nouche (a nouch being taken for an ouch:
cf. Adder), fr. OF. nusche, nosche, nousche, buckle, clasp, LL.
nusca, fr. OHG. nusca, nuscha.]

Defn: A socket or bezel holding a precious stone; hence, a jewel or
ornament worn on the person.
A precious stone in a rich ouche. Sir T. Elyot.
Your brooches, pearls, and ouches. Shak.

OUGHNE
Ough"ne, a.

Defn: Own. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OUGHT
Ought, n. & adv.

Defn: See Aught.

OUGHT
Ought, imp., p. p., or auxiliary. Etym: [Orig. the preterit of the
verb to owe. OE. oughte, aughte, ahte, AS. ahte. sq. root110. See
Owe.]

1. Was or were under obligation to pay; owed. [Obs.]
This due obedience which they ought to the king. Tyndale.
The love and duty I long have ought you. Spelman.
[He] said . . . you ought him a thousand pound. Shak.

2. Owned; possessed. [Obs.]
The knight the which that castle ought. Spenser.

3. To be bound in duty or by moral obligation.
We then that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak.
Rom. xv. 1.

4. To be necessary, fit, becoming, or expedient; to behoove; -- in
this sense formerly sometimes used impersonally or without a subject
expressed. "Well ought us work." Chaucer.
To speak of this as it ought, would ask a volume. Milton.
Ought not Christ to have suffered these things Luke xxiv. 26.

Note: Ought is now chiefly employed as an auxiliary verb, expressing
fitness, expediency, propriety, moral obligation, or the like, in the
action or state indicated by the principal verb.

Syn.
 -- Ought, Should. Both words imply obligation, but ought is the
stronger. Should may imply merely an obligation of propriety,
expendiency, etc.; ought denotes an obligation of duty.

OUGHTNESS
Ought"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being as a thing ought to be; rightness. [R.] N.
W. Taylor.

OUGHWHERE
Ough"where`, adv. Etym: [AS. ahwær.]

Defn: Anywhere; somewhere. See Owher. [Obs.]

OUISTITI
Ouis"ti*ti, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wistit.

OUL
Oul, n.

Defn: An awl. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OUL
Oul, n.

Defn: An owl. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OULACHAN
Ou"la*chan, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Eulachon.

OUNCE
Ounce, n. Etym: [F. once, fr. L. uncia a twelfth, the twelfth part of
a pound or of a foot: cf. Gr. Inch, Oke.]

1. A weight, the sixteenth part of a pound avoirdupois, and
containing 437

2. (Troy Weight)

Defn: The twelfth part of a troy pound.

Note: The troy ounce contains twenty pennyweights, each of twenty-
four grains, or, in all, 480 grains, and is the twelfth part of the
troy pound. The troy ounce is also a weight in apothecaries' weight.
[Troy ounce is sometimes written as one word, troyounce.]

3. Fig.: A small portion; a bit. [Obs.]
By ounces hung his locks that he had. Chaucer.
Fluid ounce. See under Fluid, n.

OUNCE
Ounce, n. Etym: [F. once; cf. It. lonza, Sp. onza; prob. for lonce,
taken as l'once, fr. L. lynx, Gr. lyncea, from lynx. Cf. Lynx.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A feline quadruped (Felis irbis, or uncia) resembling the
leopard in size, and somewhat in color, but it has longer and thicker
fur, which forms a short mane on the back. The ounce is pale
yellowish gray, with irregular dark spots on the neck and limbs, and
dark rings on the body. It inhabits the lofty mountain ranges of
Asia. Called also once.

OUNDED; OUNDY
Ound"ed, Oun"dy, a. Etym: [F. ondé, -ée, fr. onde, L. unda, a wave.]

Defn: Wavy; waving [Obs.] "Owndie hair." Chaucer.

OUNDING
Ound"ing, vb. n.

Defn: Waving. [Obs.]
Ounding, paling, winding, or bending . . . of cloth. Chaucer.

OUPHE
Ouphe, n. Etym: [See Auf.]

Defn: A fairy; a goblin; an elf. [Obs.] "Like urchins, ouphes, and
fairies." Shak.

OUPHEN
Ouph"en, a.

Defn: Elfish. [Obs.]

OUR
Our, possessive pron. Etym: [AS. our, of us; akin to us, to us, and
to G. unser our, of us, Goth. unsara. sq. root186 See Us.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to us; belonging to us; as, our country; our
rights; our troops; our endeavors. See I.
The Lord is our defense. Ps. lxxxix. 18.

Note: When the noun is not expressed, ours is used in the same way as
hers for her, yours for your, etc.; as, whose house is that It is
ours.
Our wills are ours, we known not how. Tennyson.

-OUR
-our. Etym: [OF. -our.]

Defn: See -or.

OURANG
Ou*rang", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The orang-outang.

OURANG-OUTANG
Ou*rang"-ou*tang`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Orang-outang.

OURANOGRAPHIST
Ou`ra*nog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: See Uranographist.

OURANOGRAPHY
Ou`ra*nog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: See Uranography.

OUREBI
Ou"re*bi, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, graceful, and swift African antelope, allied to the
klipspringer.

OURETIC
Ou*ret"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Uretic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Uric.

OUROLOGY
Ou*rol"o*gy, n.

Defn: See Urology.

OUROSCOPY
Ou*ros"co*py, n. Etym: [Gr. -scopy.]

Defn: Ourology.

OURS
Ours, possessive pron.

Defn: See Note under Our.

OURSELVES
Our*selves", pron.

Defn: ; sing. Ourself (we; also, alone in the predicate, in the
nominative or the objective case.
We ourselves might distinctly number in words a great deal further
then we usually do. Locke.
Safe in ourselves, while on ourselves we stand. Dryden.

Note: The form ourself is usec only in the regal or formal style
after we or us, denoting a single person.
Unless we would denude ourself of all force. Clarendon.

-OUS
-ous. Etym: [OF. -ous, us, -os, F. -eux, fr. L. -osus, and -us. Cf. -
ose.]

1. An adjective suffix meaning full of, abounding in, having,
possessing the qualities of, like; as in gracious, abounding in
grace; arduous, full of ardor; bulbous, having bulbs, bulblike;
riotous, poisonous, piteous, joyous, etc.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A suffix denoting that the element indicated by the name
bearing it, has a valence lower than that denoted by the termination
-ic; as, nitrous, sulphurous, etc., as contrasted with nitric,
sulphuric, etc.

OUSE
Ouse, n. & v.

Defn: See Ooze. [Obs.]

OUSEL
Ou"sel, n. Etym: [OE. osel, AS. ; akin to G. amsel, OHG. amsala, and
perh. to L. merula blackbird. Cf. Merle, Amsel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of European thrushes, especially the
blackbird (Merula merula, or Turdus merula), and the mountain or ring
ousel (Turdus torquatus). [Written also ouzel.] Rock ousel (Zoöl.),
the ring ousel.
 -- Water ousel (Zoöl.), the European dipper (Cinclus aquaticus), and
the American dipper (C. Mexicanus).

OUST
Oust, n.

Defn: See Oast.

OUST
Oust, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ousted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ousting.] Etym:
[OF. oster, F. ôter, prob. fr. L. obstare to oppose, hence, to
forbid, take away. See Obstacle, and cf. Ouster.]

1. To take away; to remove.
Multiplication of actions upon the case were rare, formerly, and
thereby wager of law ousted. Sir M. Hale.

2. To eject; to turn out. Blackstone.
From mine own earldom foully ousted me. Tennyson.

OUSTER
Oust"er, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. the OF. infin. oster, used
substantively. See Oust.]

Defn: A putting out of possession; dispossession; ejection;
disseizin.
Ouster of the freehold is effected by abatement, intrusion,
disseizin, discontinuance, or deforcement. Blackstone.
Ouster le main. Etym: [Ouster + F. la main the hand, L. manus.] (Law)
A delivery of lands out of the hands of a guardian, or out of the
king's hands, or a judgement given for that purpose. Blackstone.

OUT
Out, adv. Etym: [OE. out, ut, oute, ute, AS. , and , , fr. ; akin to
D. uit, OS. , G. aus, OHG. -, Icel. , Sw. ut, Dan. ud, Goth. ut, Skr.
ud. About, But, prep., Carouse, Utter, a.]

Defn: In its original and strict sense, out means from the interior
of something; beyond the limits or boundary of somethings; in a
position or relation which is exterior to something; -- opposed to in
or into. The something may be expressed after of, from, etc. (see Out
of, below); or, if not expressed, it is implied; as, he is out; or,
he is out of the house, office, business, etc.; he came out; or, he
came out from the ship, meeting, sect, party, etc. Out is used in a
variety of applications, as: --

1. Away; abroad; off; from home, or from a certain, or a usual,
place; not in; not in a particular, or a usual, place; as, the
proprietor is out, his team was taken out. "My shoulder blade is
out." Shak.
He hath been out (of the country) nine years. Shak.

2. Beyond the limits of concealment, confinement, privacy,
constraint, etc., actual of figurative; hence, not in concealment,
constraint, etc., in, or into, a state of freedom, openness,
disclosure, publicity, etc.; as, the sun shines out; he laughed out,
to be out at the elbows; the secret has leaked out, or is out; the
disease broke out on his face; the book is out.
Leaves are out and perfect in a month. Bacon.
She has not been out [in general society] very long. H. James.

3. Beyond the limit of existence, continuance, or supply; to the end;
completely; hence, in, or into, a condition of extinction,
exhaustion, completion; as, the fuel, or the fire, has burned out.
"Hear me out." Dryden.
Deceitiful men shall not live out half their days. Ps. iv. 23.
When the butt is out, we will drink water. Shak.

4. Beyond possession, control, or occupation; hence, in, or into, a
state of want, loss, or deprivation; -- used of office, business,
property, knowledge, etc.; as, the Democrats went out and the Whigs
came in; he put his money out at interest. "Land that is out at rack
rent." Locke. "He was out fifty pounds." Bp. Fell.
I have forgot my part, and I am out. Shak.

5. Beyond the bounds of what is true, reasonable, correct, proper,
common, etc.; in error or mistake; in a wrong or incorrect position
or opinion; in a state of disagreement, opposition, etc.; in an
inharmonious relation. "Lancelot and I are out." Shak.
Wicked men are strangely out in the calculating of their own
interest. South.
Very seldom out, in these his guesses. Addison.

6. Not in the position to score in playing a game; not in the state
or turn of the play for counting or gaining scores.

Note: Out is largely used in composition as a prefix, with the same
significations that it has as a separate word; as outbound, outbreak,
outbuilding, outcome, outdo, outdoor, outfield. See also the first
Note under Over, adv. Day in, day out, from the beginning to the
limit of each of several days; day by day; every day.
 -- Out and out. (a) adv. Completely; wholly; openly. (b) adj.
Without any reservation or disguise; absolute; as, an out and out
villain. [As an adj. written also out-and-out.] -- Out at, Out in,
Out on, etc., elliptical phrases, that to which out refers as a
source, origin, etc., being omitted; as, out (of the house and) at
the barn; out (of the house, road, fields, etc., and) in the woods.
Three fishers went sailing out into the west, Out into the west, as
the sun went down. C. Kingsley.

Note: In these lines after out may be understood, "of the harbor,"
"from the shore," "of sight," or some similar phrase. The complete
construction is seen in the saying: "Out of the frying pan into the
fire." -- Out from, a construction similar to out of (below). See Of
and From. Out of, a phrase which may be considered either as composed
of an adverb and a preposition, each having its appropriate office in
the sentence, or as a compound preposition. Considered as a
preposition, it denotes, with verbs of movement or action, from the
interior of; beyond the limit: from; hence, origin, source, motive,
departure, separation, loss, etc.; -- opposed to in or into; also
with verbs of being, the state of being derived, removed, or
separated from. Examples may be found in the phrases below, and also
under Vocabulary words; as, out of breath; out of countenance. Out of
cess, beyond measure, excessively. Shak.
 -- Out of character, unbecoming; improper.
 -- Out of conceit with, not pleased with. See under Conceit.
 -- Out of date, not timely; unfashionable; antiquated.
 -- Out of door, Out of doors, beyond the doors; from the house; in,
or into, the open air; hence, figuratively, shut out; dismissed. See
under Door, also, Out-of-door, Outdoor, Outdoors, in the Vocabulary.
"He 's quality, and the question's out of door," Dryden.
 -- Out of favor, disliked; under displeasure.
 -- Out of frame, not in correct order or condition; irregular;
disarranged. Latimer.
 -- Out of hand, immediately; without delay or preparation. "Ananias
. . . fell down and died out of hand." Latimer.
 -- Out of harm's way, beyond the danger limit; in a safe place.
 -- Out of joint, not in proper connection or adjustment; unhinged;
disordered. "The time is out of joint." Shak.
 -- Out of mind, not in mind; forgotten; also, beyond the limit of
memory; as, time out of mind.
 -- Out of one's head, beyond commanding one's mental powers; in a
wandering state mentally; delirious. [Colloq.] -- Out of one's time,
beyond one's period of minority or apprenticeship.
 -- Out of order, not in proper order; disarranged; in confusion.
 -- Out of place, not in the usual or proper place; hence, not proper
or becoming.
 -- Out of pocket, in a condition of having expended or lost more
money than one has received.
 -- Out of print, not in market, the edition printed being exhausted;
-- said of books, pamphlets, etc.
 -- Out of the question, beyond the limits or range of consideration;
impossible to be favorably considered.
 -- Out of reach, beyond one's reach; inaccessible.
 -- Out of season, not in a proper season or time; untimely;
inopportune.
 -- Out of sorts, wanting certain things; unsatisfied; unwell;
unhappy; cross. See under Sort, n.
 -- Out of temper, not in good temper; irritated; angry.
 -- Out of time, not in proper time; too soon, or too late.
 -- Out of time, not in harmony; discordant; hence, not in an
agreeing temper; fretful.
 -- Out of twist, winding, or wind, not in warped condition;
perfectly plain and smooth; -- said of surfaces.
 -- Out of use, not in use; unfashionable; obsolete.
 -- Out of the way. (a) On one side; hard to reach or find; secluded.
(b) Improper; unusual; wrong.
 -- Out of the woods, not in a place, or state, of obscurity or
doubt; free from difficulty or perils; safe. [Colloq.] -- Out to out,
from one extreme limit to another, including the whole length,
breadth, or thickness; -- applied to measurements.
 -- Out West, in or towards, the West; specifically, in some Western
State or Territory. [U. S.] -- To come out, To cut out, To fall out,
etc. See under Come, Cut, Fall, etc.
 -- To put out of the way, to kill; to destroy.
 -- Week in, week out. See Day in, day out (above).

OUT
Out, n.

1. One who, or that which, is out; especially, one who is out of
office; -- generally in the plural.

2. A place or space outside of something; a nook or corner; an angle
projecting outward; an open space; -- chiefly used in the phrase ins
and outs; as, the ins and outs of a question. See under In.

3. (Print.)

Defn: A word or words omitted by the compositor in setting up copy;
an omission. To make an out (Print.), to omit something, in setting
or correcting type, which was in the copy.

OUT
Out, v. t.

1. To cause to be out; to eject; to expel.
A king outed from his country. Selden.
The French have been outed of their holds. Heylin.

2. To come out with; to make known. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. To give out; to dispose of; to sell. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OUT
Out, v. i.

Defn: To come or go out; to get out or away; to become public. "Truth
will out." Shak.

OUT
Out, interj.

Defn: Expressing impatience, anger, a desire to be rid of; -- with
the force of command; go out; begone; away; off.
Out, idle words, servants to shallow fools ! Shak.
Out upon or on! equivalent to "shame upon!" "away with!" as, out upon
you!

OUTACT
Out*act", v. t.

Defn: To do or beyond; to exceed in acting. [R.]
He has made me heir to treasures Would make me outact a real window's
whining. Otway.

OUTAGAMIES
Ou"ta*gam`ies, n. pl.; sing. Outagamie (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: See lst Fox, 7.

OUTARGUE
Out*ar"gue, v. t.

Defn: To surpass or conquer in argument.

OUTBABBLE
Out*bab"ble, v. t.

Defn: To utter foolishly or excessively; to surpass in babbling. [R.]
Milton.

OUTBALANCE
Out*bal"ance, v. t.

Defn: To outweight; to exceed in weight or effect.
Let dull Ajax bear away my right When all his days outbalance this
one night. Dryden.

OUTBAR
Out*bar", v. t.

Defn: To bar out. [R.] Spenser.

OUTBEG
Out*beg", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in begging. [R.]

OUTBID
Out*bid", v. t. [imp. Outbid or Outbade (p. p. Outbid or Outbidden
(p. pr. & vb. n. Outbidding.]

Defn: To exceed or surpass in bidding.
Prevent the greedy, and outbid the bold. Pope.

OUTBIDDER
Out*bid"der, n.

Defn: One who outbids. Johnson.

OUTBLEAT
Out*bleat", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in bleating.

OUTBLOWN
Out"blown`, a.

Defn: Inflated with wind. Dryden.

OUTBLUSH
Out*blush", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in blushing; to surpass in rosy color. T. Shipman.

OUTBOARD
Out"board`, a. & adv. (Naut.)

Defn: Beyond or outside of the lines of a vessel's bulwarks or hull;
in a direction from the hull or from the keel; -- opposed to inboard;
as, outboard rigging; swing the davits outboard.

OUTBORN
Out"born`, a.

Defn: Foreign; not native. [R.]

OUTBOUND
Out"bound`, a.

Defn: Outward bound. Dryden.

OUTBOUNDS
Out"bounds`, n. pl.

Defn: The farthest or exterior bounds; extreme limits; boundaries.
Spenser.

OUTBOW
Out*bow", v. t.

Defn: To excel in bowing. Young.

OUTBOWED
Out"bowed`, a.

Defn: Convex; curved outward. "The convex or outbowed side of a
vessel." Bp. Hall.

OUTBRAG
Out*brag", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in bragging; hence, to make appear inferior.
Whose bare outbragg'd the web it seemed to wear. Shak.

OUTBRAVE
Out*brave", v. t.

1. To excel in bravery o

2. To excel in magnificence or comeliness.
The basest weed outbraves his dignity. Shak.

OUTBRAY
Out*bray", v. t.

1. To exceed in braying.

2. To emit with great noise. [Obs.] Fairfax.

OUTBRAZEN
Out*bra"zen, v. t.

Defn: To bear down with a brazen face; to surpass in impudence. T.
Brown.

OUTBREAK
Out"break`, n.

Defn: A bursting forth; eruption; insurrection. "Mobs and outbreaks."
J. H. Newman.
The flash and outbreak of a fiery mind. Shak.

OUTBREAKING
Out"break`ing, n.

1. The act of breaking out.

2. That which bursts forth.

OUTBREAST
Out*breast", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in singing. See Breast, n., 6. [Obs.]

OUTBREATHE
Out*breathe", v. t.

1. To breathe forth. "Outbreathed life." Spenser.

2. To cause to be out of breath; to exhaust. Shak.

OUTBREATHE
Out*breathe", v. i.

Defn: To issue, as breath; to be breathed out; to exhale. Beau. & Fl.

OUTBRIBE
Out*bribe", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in bribing.

OUTBRING
Out*bring", v. t.

Defn: To bring or bear out.

OUTBUD
Out*bud", v. i.

Defn: To sprout. [Poetic] Spenser.

OUTBUILD
Out*build", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outbuilt or Outbuilded; p. pr. & vb.
n. Outbuilding.]

Defn: To exceed in building, or in durability of building.

OUTBUILDING
Out"build`ing, n.

Defn: A building separate from, and subordinate to, the main house;
an outhouse.

OUTBURN
Out*burn", v. t. & i.

1. To exceed in burning.

2. To burn entirely; to be consumed. Shak.

OUTBURST
Out"burst`, n.

Defn: A bursting forth.

OUTCANT
Out*cant", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in canting. Pope.

OUTCAST
Out"cast`, a. Etym: [Cf. Sw. utkasta to cast out.]

Defn: Cast out; degraded. "Outcast, rejected." Longfellow.

OUTCAST
Out"cast`, n.

1. One who is cast out or expelled; an exile; one driven from home,
society, or country; hence, often, a degraded person; a vagabond.
The Lord . . . gathereth together the outcasts of Israel. Ps. cxlvii.
2.

2. A quarrel; a contention. [Scot.] Jamieson.

OUTCASTING
Out"cast`ing, n.

Defn: That which is cast out. [Obs.]

OUTCEPT
Out*cept", prep.

Defn: Except. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

OUTCHEAT
Out*cheat", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in cheating.

OUTCLIMB
Out*climb", v. t.

Defn: To climb bevond; to surpass in climbing. Davenant.

OUTCOME
Out"come, n.

Defn: That which comes out of, or follows from, something else;
issue; result; consequence; upshot. "The logical outcome." H.
Spenser.
All true literature, all genuine poetry, is the direct outcome, the
condensed essence, of actual life and thougth. J. C. Shairp.

OUTCOMPASS
Out*com"pass, v. t.

Defn: To exceed the compass or limits of. Bacon.

OUTCOURT
Out"court`, n.

Defn: An outer or exterior court.
The skirts and outcourts of heaven. South.

OUTCRAFTY
Out*craft"y, v. t.

Defn: To exceed in cunning. [R.] Shak.

OUTCRIER
Out"cri`er, n.

Defn: One who cries out or proclaims; a herald or crier.

OUTCROP
Out"crop`, n. (Geol.)
(a) The coming out of a stratum to the surface of the ground. Lyell.
(b) That part of inclined strata which appears at the surface;
basset.

OUTCROP
Out*crop", v. i. (Geol.)

Defn: To come out to the surface of the ground; -- said of strata.

OUTCRY
Out"cry`, n.

1. A vehement or loud cry; a cry of distress, alarm, opposition, or
detestation; clamor.

2. Sale at public auction. Massinger. Thackeray.

OUTDARE
Out*dare", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in daring; to overcome by courage; to brave. Shak.
R. Browning.

OUTDATED
Out*dat"ed, a.

Defn: Being out of date; antiquated. [Obs.] Hammond.

OUTDAZZLE
Out*daz"zle, v. t.

Defn: To surpass in dazzing.

OUTDO
Out*do", v. t. [imp. Outdid; p. p. Outdone; p. pr. & vb. n.
Outdoing.]

Defn: To go beyond in performance; to excel; to surpass.
An imposture outdoes the original. L' Estrange.
I grieve to be outdone by Gay. Swift.

OUTDOOR
Out"door`, a. Etym: [For out of door.]

Defn: Being, or done, in the open air; being or done outside of
certain buildings, as poorhouses, hospitals, etc.; as, outdoor
exercise; outdoor relief; outdoor patients.

OUTDOORS
Out"doors`, adv.

Defn: Abread; out of the house; out of doors.

OUTDRAW
Out*draw", v. t.

Defn: To draw out; to extract. [R.] "He must the teeth outdraw."
Gower.

OUTDREAM
Out*dream", v. t.

Defn: To pass, or escape, while dreaming. "To oultdream dangers."
Beau. & Fl.

OUTDRINK
Out*drink", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in drinking.

OUTDURE
Out*dure", v. t.

Defn: To outlast. [Obs.]

OUTDWELL
Out*dwell", v. t.

Defn: To dwell or stay beyond. [Poetic] "He outdwells his hour."
Shak.

OUTDWELLER
Out"dwell`er, n.

Defn: One who holds land in a parish, but lives elsewhere. [Eng.]

OUTER
Out"er, a. [Compar. of Out.] Etym: [AS. , compar. of , adv., out. See
Out, Utter, a.]

Defn: Being on the outside; external; farthest or farther from the
interior, from a given station, or from any space or position
regarded as a center or starting place; -- opposed to inner; as, the
outer wall; the outer court or gate; the outer stump in cricket; the
outer world. Outer bar, in England, the body of junior (or utter)
barristers; -- so called because in court they occupy a place beyond
the space reserved for Queen's counsel.

OUTER
Out"er, n.
(a) The part of a target which is beyond the circles surrounding the
bull's-eye.
(b) A shot which strikes the outer of a target.

OUTER
Out"er, n. Etym: [From Out, v.]

Defn: One who puts out, ousts, or expels; also, an ouster;
dispossession. [R.]

OUTERLY
Out"er*ly, adv.

1. Utterly; entirely. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Toward the outside. [R.] Grew.

OUTERMOST
Out"er*most`, a. Etym: [See Uttermost, Utmost, and cf. Outmost.]

Defn: Being on the extreme external part; farthest outward; as, the
outermost row. Boyle.

OUTFACE
Out*face", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outfaced; p pr. & vb. n. Outfacing.]

Defn: To face or look (one) out of countenance; to resist or bear
down by bold looks or effrontery; to brave. Shak.
Having outfaced all the world. South.

OUTFALL
Out"fall`, n.

1. The mouth of a river; the lower end of a water course; the open
end of a drain, culvert, etc., where the discharge occurs.

2. A quarrel; a falling out. [Prov. Eng.]

OUTFANGTHEF
Out*fang"thef, n. Etym: [AS. . See Out, Fang, v. t., and Thief.]
(Anglo-Saxon & O. Eng. Law)
(a) A thief from without or abroad, taken within a lord's fee or
liberty.
(b) The privilege of trying such a thief. Burrill.

OUTFAWN
Out*fawn", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in fawning.

OUTFEAST
Out*feast", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in feasting.

OUTFEAT
Out*feat", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in feats.

OUTFIELD
Out"field`, n.

1. Arable land which has been or is being exhausted. See Infield, 1.
[Scot.]

2. A field beyond, or separated from, the inclosed land about the
homestead; an uninclosed or unexplored tract. Also used figuratively.
The great outfield of thought or fact. Trench.

3. (Baseball)

Defn: The part of the field beyond the diamond, or infield. It is
occupied by the fielders.

4. (Cricket)

Defn: The part of the field farthest from the batsman.

OUTFIT
Out"fit, n.

Defn: A fitting out, or equipment, as of a ship for a voyage, or of a
person for an expedition in an unoccupied region or residence in a
foreign land; things required for equipment; the expense of, or
allowance made for, equipment, as by the government of the United
States to a diplomatic agent going abroad.

OUTFITTER
Out"fit`ter, n.

Defn: One who furnishes outfits for a voyage, a journey, or a
business.

OUTFLANK
Out*flank", v. t. (Mil.)

Defn: To go beyond, or be superior to, on the flank; to pass around
or turn the flank or flanks of.

OUTFLATTER
Out*flat"ter, v. t.

Defn: To exceed in flattering.

OUTFLING
Out"fling`, n.

Defn: A gibe; a contemptuous remark.

OUTFLOW
Out"flow`, n.

Defn: A flowing out; efflux.

OUTFLOW
Out*flow", v. i.

Defn: To flow out. Campbell.

OUTFLY
Out*fly", v. t. [imp. Outflew; p. p. Outflown; p. pr. & vb. n.
Outflying.]

Defn: To surpass in flying; to fly beyond or faster than. Shak.
Winged with fear outflies the wind. Waller.

OUTFOOL
Out*fool", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in folly. [R.] Young.

OUTFOOT
Out*foot", v. t.

Defn: To outrun or outwalk; hence, of a vessel, to outsail. [Colloq.]

OUTFORM
Out"form, n.

Defn: External appearance. [Obs.]

OUTFROWN
Out*frown", v. t.

Defn: To frown down; to overbear by frowning. Shak.

OUTGATE
Out"gate`, n.

Defn: An outlet. [Obs.] Spenser.

OUTGAZE
Out*gaze", v. t.

Defn: To gaze beyond; to exceed in sharpness or persistence of seeing
or of looking; hence, to stare out of countenance.

OUTGENERAL
Out*gen"er*al, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outgeneraled or Outgeneralled; p.
pr. & vb. n. Outgeneraling or Outgeneralling.]

Defn: To exceed in generalship; to gain advantage over by superior
military skill or executive ability; to outmaneuver. Chesterfield.

OUTGIVE
Out*give", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in giving. Dryden.

OUTGO
Out*go", v. t. [imp. Outwent; p. p. Outgone; p. pr. & vb. n.
Outgoing.]

1. To go beyond; to exceed in swiftness; to surpass; to outdo.

2. To circumvent; to overreach. [Obs.] Denham.

OUTGO
Out"go`, n.; pl. Outgoes (.

Defn: That which goes out, or is paid out; outlay; expenditure; --
the opposite of Ant: income. Lowell.

OUTGOER
Out"go`er, n.

Defn: One who goes out or departs.

OUTGOING
Out"go`ing, n.

1. The act or the state of going out.
The outgoings of the morning and evening. Ps. lxv. 8.

2. That which goes out; outgo; outlay.

3. The extreme limit; the place of ending. [Obs.]
The outgoings of the border were at the north bay of the salt sea, at
the south end of Jordan. Josh. xviii. 19.

OUTGOING
Out"go`ing, a.

Defn: Going out; departing; as, the outgoing administration; an
outgoing steamer.

OUTGROUND
Out"ground`, n.

Defn: Ground situated at a distance from the house; outlying land.

OUTGROW
Out*grow", v. t. [imp. Outgrew; p. p. Outgrown; p. pr. & vb. n.
Outgrowing.]

1. To surpass in growing; to grow more than. Shak.

2. To grow out of or away from; to grow too large, or too aged, for;
as, to outgrow clothing; to outgrow usefulness; to outgrow an
infirmity.

OUTGROWTH
Out"growth`, n.

Defn: That which grows out of, or proceeds from, anything; an
excrescence; an offshoot; hence, a result or consequence.

OUTGUARD
Out"guard`, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A guard or small body of troops at a distance from the main
body of an army, to watch for the approach of an enemy; hence,
anything for defense placed at a distance from the thing to be
defended.

OUTGUSH
Out"gush`, n.

Defn: A pouring out; an outburst.
A passionate outgush of emotion. Thackeray.

OUTGUSH
Out*gush", v. i.

Defn: To gush out; to flow forth.

OUTHAUL
Out"haul`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope used for hauling out a sail upon a spar; -- opposite of
inhaul.

OUTHER
Outh"er, conj.

Defn: Other. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OUT-HEROD
Out-Her"od, v. t.

Defn: To surpass (Herod) in violence or wickedness; to exceed in any
vicious or offensive particular. "It out-Herods Herod." Shak.
Out-Heroding the preposterous fashions of the times. Sir W. Scott.

OUTHESS
Out*hess", n. Etym: [Cf. LL. uthesium, hutesium, huesium, OF. hueis,
and E. hue, in hue and cry.]

Defn: Outcry; alarm. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OUTHIRE
Out*hire", v. t.

Defn: To hire out. [Obs.] Spenser.

OUTHOUSE
Out"house`, n.

Defn: A small house or building at a little distance from the main
house; an outbuilding.

OUTING
Out"ing, n.

1. The act of going out; an airing; an excursion; as, a summer
outing.

2. A feast given by an apprentice when he is out of his time. [Prov.
Eng.] Halliwell.

OUTJEST
Out*jest", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in jesting; to drive out, or away, by jesting. [R.]
Shak.

OUTJET
Out"jet`, n.

Defn: That which jets out or projects from anything. [R.] H. Miller.

OUTJUGGLE
Out*jug"gle, v. t.

Defn: To surpass in juggling.

OUTKEEPER
Out"keep`er, n. (Surv.)

Defn: An attachment to a surveyor's compass for keeping tally in
chaining.

OUTKNAVE
Out*knave", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in knavery.

OUTLABOR
Out*la"bor, v. t.

Defn: To surpass in laboring.

OUTLAND
Out"land, a. Etym: [Out + land. See Outlandish.]

Defn: Foreign; outlandish. [Obs.] Strutt.

OUTLANDER
Out"land*er, n.

Defn: A foreigner. Wood.

OUTLANDISH
Out*land"ish, a. Etym: [AS. foreign. See Out, Land, and -ish.]

1. Foreign; not native.
Him did outlandish women cause to sin. Neh. xiii. 26.
Its barley water and its outlandish wines. G. W. Cable.

2. Hence: Not according with usage; strange; rude; barbarous;
uncouth; clownish; as, an outlandish dress, behavior, or speech.
Something outlandish, unearthy, or at variance with ordinary fashion.
Hawthorne.
--Out*land"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Out*land"ish*ness, n.

OUTLAST
Out*last", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in duration; to survive; to endure longer than.
Milton.

OUTLAUGH
Out*laugh", v. t.

1. To surpass or outdo in laughing. Dryden.

2. To laugh (one) out of a purpose, principle, etc.; to discourage or
discomfit by laughing; to laugh down. [R.]
His apprehensions of being outlaughed will force him to continue in a
restless obscurity. Franklin.

OUTLAW
Out"law`, n. Etym: [AS. , . See Out, and Law.]

Defn: A person excluded from the benefit of the law, or deprived of
its protection. Blackstone.

OUTLAW
Out"law`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outlawed; p. pr. & vb. n. Outlawing.]
Etym: [AS. .]

1. To deprive of the benefit and protection of law; to declare to be
an outlaw; to proscribe. Blackstone.

2. To remove from legal jurisdiction or enforcement; as, to outlaw a
debt or claim; to deprive of legal force. "Laws outlawed by
necessity." Fuller.

OUTLAWRY
Out"law`ry, n.; pl. Outlawries (.

1. The act of outlawing; the putting a man out of the protection of
law, or the process by which a man (as an absconding criminal) is
deprived of that protection.

2. The state of being an outlaw.

OUTLAY
Out*lay", v. t.

Defn: To lay out; to spread out; to display. [R.] Drayton.

OUTLAY
Out"lay`, n.

1. A laying out or expending.

2. That which is expended; expenditure.

3. An outlying haunt. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

OUTLEAP
Out*leap", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in leaping.

OUTLEAP
Out"leap`, n.

Defn: A sally. [R.] Locke.

OUTLEARN
Out*learn", v. t.

1. To excel or surpass in learing.

2. To learn out [i. e., completely, utterly]; to exhaust knowledge
of.
Naught, according to his mind, He could outlearn. Spenser.
Men and gods have not outlearned it [love]. Emerson.

OUTLET
Out"let`, n.

Defn: The place or opening by which anything is let out; a passage
out; an exit; a vent.
Receiving all, and having no outlet. Fuller.

OUTLET
Out*let", v. t.

Defn: To let out; to emit. [R.] Daniel.

OUTLIE
Out*lie", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in lying. Bp. Hall.

OUTLIER
Out"li`er, n.

1. One who does not live where his office, or business, or estate,
is. Bentley.

2. That which lies, or is, away from the main body.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: A part of a rock or stratum lying without, or beyond, the main
body, from which it has been separated by denudation.

OUTLIMB
Out"limb`, n

Defn: , An extreme member or part of a thing; a limb. [Obs.] Fuller.

OUTLINE
Out"line`, n.

1.
(a) The line which marks the outer limits of an object or figure; the
exterior line or edge; contour.
(b) In art: A line drawn by pencil, pen, graver, or the like, by
which the boundary of a figure is indicated.
(c) A sketch composed of such lines; the delineation of a figure
without shading.
Painters, by their outlines, colors, lights, and shadows, represent
the same in their pictures. Dryden.

2. Fig.: A sketch of any scheme; a preliminary or general indication
of a plan, system, course of thought, etc.; as, the outline of a
speech.
But that larger grief . . . Is given in outline and no more.
Tennyson.

Syn.
 -- Sketch; draught; delineation. See Sketch.

OUTLINE
Out"line`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outlined; p. pr. & vb. n. Outlining.]

1. To draw the outline of.

2. Fig.: To sketch out or indicate as by an outline; as, to outline
an argument or a campaign.

OUTLINEAR
Out*lin"e*ar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an outline; being in, or forming, an
outline. Trench.

OUTLIVE
Out*live", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outlived; p. pr. & vb. n. Outliving.]

Defn: To live beyond, or longer than; to survive.
They live too long who happiness outlive. Dryden.

OUTLIVER
Out*liv"er, n.

Defn: One who outlives. [R.]

OUTLOOK
Out*look", v. t.

1. To face down; to outstare.
To outlook conquest, and to win renown. Shak.

2. To inspect throughly; to select. [Obs.] Cotton.

OUTLOOK
Out"look`, n.

1. The act of looking out; watch.

2. One who looks out; also, the place from which one looks out; a
watchower. Lyon Playfair.

3. The view obtained by one looking out; scope of vision; prospect;
sight; appearance.
Applause Which owes to man's short outlook all its charms. Young.

OUTLOOSE
Out"loose`, n.

Defn: A loosing from; an escape; an outlet; an evasion. [Obs.]
That "whereas" gives me an outloose. Selden.

OUTLOPE
Out"lope, n.

Defn: An excursion. [Obs.] Florio.

OUTLUSTER; OUTLUSTRE
Out*lus"ter, Out*lus"tre, v. t.

Defn: To excel in brightness or luster. Shak.

OUTLYING
Out"ly`ing, a.

Defn: Lying or being at a distance from the central part, or the main
body; being on, or beyond, the frontier; exterior; remote; detached.

OUTMANEUVER; OUTMANOEUVRE
Out`ma*neu"ver, Out`ma*noeu"vre, v. t.

Defn: To surpass, or get an advantage of, in maneuvering; to
outgeneral.

OUTMANTLE
Out*man"tle, v. t.

Defn: To excel in mantling; hence, to excel in splendor, as of dress.
[R.]
And with poetic trappings grace thy prose, Till it outmantle all the
pride of verse. Cowper.

OUTMARCH
Out*march", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in marching; to march faster than, or so as to leave
behind.

OUTMEASURE
Out*meas"ure, v. t.

Defn: To exceed in measure or extent; to measure more than. Sir T.
Browne.

OUTMOST
Out"most`, a. Etym: [OE. outemest, utmest, AS. , a superl. fr. out.
See Out, Utmost, and cf. Outermost.]

Defn: Farthest from the middle or interior; farthest outward;
outermost.

OUTMOUNT
Out*mount", v. t.

Defn: To mount above. [R.]

OUTNAME
Out*name", v. t.

1. To exceed in naming or describing. [R.]

2. To exceed in name, fame, or degree. [Obs.]
And found out one to outname thy other faults. Beau. & Fl.

OUTNESS
Out"ness, n.

1. The state of being out or beyond; separateness.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: The state or quality of being distanguishable from the
perceiving mind, by being in space, and possessing marerial quality;
externality; objectivity.
The outness of the objects of sense. Sir W. Hamiltom.

OUTNOISE
Out*noise", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in noise; to surpass in noisiness. [R.] Fuller.

OUTNUMBER
Out*num"ber, v. t.

Defn: To exceed in number.

OUT-OF-DOOR
Out`-of-door", a.

Defn: Being out of the house; being, or done, in the open air;
outdoor; as, out-of-door exercise. See Out of door, under Out, adv.
Amongst out-of-door delights. G. Eliot.

OUT-OF-THE-WAY
Out`-of-the-way", a.

Defn: See under Out, adv.

OUTPACE
Out*pace" v. t. Etym: [Cf. Outpass.]

Defn: To outgo; to move faster than; to leave behind. [R.] Lamb.

OUTPARAMOUR
Out*par"a*mour, v. t.

Defn: To exceed in the number of mistresses. [R.] Shak.

OUTPARISH
Out"par`ish, n.

Defn: A parish lying without the walls of, or in a remote part of, a
town. Graunt.

OUTPART
Out"part`, n.

Defn: An outlying part. [R.] Ayliffe.

OUTPASS
Out*pass", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Outpace.]

Defn: To pass beyond; to exceed in progress.

OUTPASSION
Out*pas"sion, v. t.

Defn: To exceed in passion.

OUT-PATIENT
Out"-pa`tient, n.

Defn: A patient who is outside a hospital, but receives medical aid
from it.

OUTPEER
Out*peer", v. t.

Defn: To excel. [R.] Shak.

OUTPENSION
Out"pen`sion, v. t.

Defn: To grant an outpension to.

OUTPENSION
Out"pen`sion, n.

Defn: A public pension granted to one not required to live in a
charitable institution. -- Out"pen`sion*er, n.

OUTPLAY
Out*play", v. t.

Defn: To excel or defeat in a game; to play better than; as, to be
outplayed in tennis or ball.

OUTPOISE
Out*poise", v. t.

Defn: To outweigh. Howell.

OUTPORT
Out"port`, n.

Defn: A harbor or port at some distance from the chief town or seat
of trade. Macaulay.

OUTPOST
Out"post`, n. (Mil.)
(a) A post or station without the limits of a camp, or at a distance
from the main body of an army, for observation of the enemy.
(b) The troops placed at such a station.

OUTPOUR
Out*pour", v. t.

Defn: To pour out. Milton.

OUTPOUR
Out"pour`, n.

Defn: A flowing out; a free discharge.

OUTPOWER
Out*pow"er, v. t.

Defn: To excel in power; to overpover. [Obs.] Fuller.

OUTPRAY
Out*pray", v. t.

Defn: To exceed or excel in prayer.

OUTPREACH
Out*preach", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in preaching.
And for a villain's quick conversion A pillory can outpreach a
parson. Trumbull.

OUTPRIZE
Out*prize", v. t.

Defn: To prize beyong value, or in excess; to exceed in value. [Obs.]
Shak.

OUTPUT
Out"put`, n.

1. The amount of coal or ore put out from one or more mines, or the
quantity of material produced by, or turned out from, one or more
furnaces or mills, in a given time.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: That which is thrown out as products of the metabolic activity
of the body; the egesta other than the fæces. See Income.

Note: The output consists of: (a) The respiratory products of the
lungs, skin, and alimentary canal, consisting chiefly of carbonic
acid and water with small quantities of hydrogen and carbureted
hydrogen. (b) Perspiration, consisting chiefly of water and salts.
(c) The urine, which is assumed to contain all the nitrogen truly
excreted by the body, besides a large quantity of saline matters and
water. Foster.

OUTQUENCH
Out*quench", v. t.

Defn: To quench entirely; to extinguish. "The candlelight
outquenched." Spenser.

OUTRAGE
Out*rage", v. t. Etym: [Out + rage.]

Defn: To rage in excess of. [R.] Young.

OUTRAGE
Out"rage, n. Etym: [F. outrage; OF. outre, oltre, beyond (F. outre,
L. ultra) + -age, as, in courage, voyage. See Ulterior.]

1. Injurious violence or wanton wrong done to persons or things; a
gross violation of right or decency; excessive abuse; wanton
mischief; gross injury. Chaucer.
He wrought great outrages, wasting all the country. Spenser.

2. Excess; luxury. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- Affront; insult; abuse. See Affront.

OUTRAGE
Out"rage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outragen; p. pr. & vb. n. Outraging.]
Etym: [F. outrager. See Outrage, n.]

1. To commit outrage upon; to subject to outrage; to treat with
violence or excessive abuse.
Base and insolent minds outrage men when they have hope of doing it
without a return. Atterbury.
This interview outrages all decency. Broome.

2. Specifically, to violate; to commit an indecent assault upon (a
female).

OUTRAGE
Out"rage, v. t.

Defn: To be guilty of an outrage; to act outrageously.

OUTRAGEOUS
Out*ra"geous, a. Etym: [OF. outrageus, F. outrageux. See Outrage, n.]

Defn: Of the nature of an outrage; exceeding the limits of right,
reason, or decency; involving or doing an outrage; furious; violent;
atrocious. "Outrageous weeping." Chaucer. "The most outrageous
villainies." Sir P. Sidney. "The vile, outrageous crimes." Shak.
"Outrageous panegyric." Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Violent; furious; exorbitant; excessive; atrocious; monstrous;
wanton; nefarious; heinous.
 -- Out*ra"geous*ly, adv.
 -- Out*ra"geous*ness, n.

OUTRANCE
Ou`trance", n. Etym: [F. See OutrÉ.]

Defn: The utmost or last extremity. Combat à outrance, a fight to the
end, or to the death.

OUTRANK
Out*rank", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in rank; hence, to take precedence of.

OUTRAY
Out*ray", v. t.

Defn: To outshine. [R.] Skelton.

OUTRAY
Out*ray", v. i.

Defn: To spread out in array. [Obs.]
And now they outray to your fleet. Chapman.

OUTRAYE
Out*raye", v. i.

Defn: See Outrage, v. i. [Obs.]
This warn I you, that ye not suddenly Out of yourself for no woe
should outraye. Chaucer.

OUTRAZE
Out*raze", v. t.

Defn: To obliterate. [Obs.] Sandys.

OUTRE
Ou`tré", a. Etym: [F., p. p. of outrer to exaggerate, fr. L. ultra
beyond. See Outrage.]

Defn: Being out of the common course or limits; extravagant; bizarre.

OUTREACH
Out*reach", v. t.

Defn: To reach beyond.

OUTREASON
Out*rea"son, v. t.

Defn: To excel or surpass in reasoning; to reason better than. South.

OUTRECKON
Out*reck"on, v. t.

Defn: To exceed in reckoning or computation. Bp. Pearson.

OUTRECUIDANCE
Ou`tre*cui`dance", n. Etym: [F., fr. outre beyond + cuider to think,
L. cogitare.]

Defn: Excessive presumption. [R.] B. Jonson.

OUTREDE
Out*rede", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in giving rede, or counsel. [Obs.] See Atrede.
Chaucer.

OUTREIGN
Out*reign", v. t.

Defn: To go beyond in reigning; to reign through the whole of, or
longer than. [R.] Spenser.

OUTRIDE
Out*ride", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in speed of riding; to ride beyond or faster than.
Shak.

OUTRIDE
Out"ride`, n.

1. A riding out; an excursion. [R.]

2. A place for riding out. [R.]

OUTRIDER
Out"rid`er, n.

1. A summoner whose office is to cite men before the sheriff. [Obs.]

2. One who rides out on horseback. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. A servant on horseback attending a carriage.

OUTRIGGER
Out"rig`ger, n.

1. Any spar or projecting timber run out for temporary use, as from a
ship's mast, to hold a rope or a sail extended, or from a building,
to support hoisting teckle.

2. (Naut.)
(a) A projecting support for a rowlock, extended from the side of a
boat.
(b) A boat thus equipped.
(c) A projecting contrivance at the side of a boat to prevent
upsetting, as projecting spars with a log at the end.

OUTRIGHT
Out"right`, adv.

1. Immediately; without delay; at once; as, he was killed outright.

2. Completely; utterly. Cardinal Manning.

OUTRING
Out*ring", v. t.

Defn: To excel in volume of ringing sound; to ring louder than.

OUTRIVAL
Out*ri"val, v. t.

Defn: To surpass in a rivalry.

OUTRIVE
Out*rive", v. t.

Defn: To river; to sever. [Obs.] Fairfax.

OUTROAD; OUTRODE
Out"road`, Out"rode`, n.

Defn: An excursion. [Obs.] "Outrodes by the ways of Judea." Macc. xv.
41 (Geneva Bible).

OUTROAR
Out*roar", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in roaring.

OUTROMANCE
Out`ro*mance", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in romantic character. [R.] Fuller.

OUTROOM
Out"room`, n.

Defn: An outer room. [R.] Fuller.

OUTROOT
Out*root", v. t.

Defn: To eradicate; to extirpate.

OUTRUN
Out*run", v. t. [imp. Outran; p. p. Outrun; p. pr. & vb. n.
Outrunning.]

Defn: To exceed, or leave behind, in running; to run faster than; to
outstrip; to go beyond.
Your zeal outruns my wishes. Sir W. Scott.
The other disciple did outrun Peter, and came first to the sepulcher.
Jhon xx. 4.

OUTRUNNER
Out*run"ner, n.

Defn: An offshoot; a branch. [R.] "Some outrunner of the river."
Lauson.

OUTRUSH
Out*rush", v. i.

Defn: To rush out; to issue, or ru Garth.

OUTSAIL
Out*sail", v. t.

Defn: To excel, or to leave behind, in sailing; to sail faster than.
Beau. & Fl.

OUTSCENT
Out*scent", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in odor. Fuller.

OUTSCOLD
Out*scold", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in scolding. Shak.

OUTSCORN
Out*scorn", v. t.

Defn: To confront, or subdue, with greater scorn. Shak.

OUTSCOURING
Out"scour`ing, n.

Defn: That which is scoured out o Buckland.

OUTSCOUT
Out*scout", v. t.

Defn: To overpower by disdain; to outface. [Obs.] Marston.

OUTSEE
Out*see", v. t.

Defn: To see beyond; to excel in cer

OUTSELL
Out*sell", v. t.

1. To exceed in amount of sales; to sell more than.

2. To exceed in the price of selling; to fetch more than; to exceed
in value. Fuller. Shak.

OUTSENTRY
Out"sen`try, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A sentry who guards the entrance or approach to a place; an
outguard.

OUTSET
Out"set`, n.

Defn: A setting out, starting, or beginning. "The outset of a
political journey." Burke.
Giving a proper direction to this outset of life. J. Hawes.

OUTSETTLER
Out"set`tler, n.

Defn: One who settles at a distance, or away, from others.

OUTSHINE
Out*shine", v. i.

Defn: To shine forth. "Bright, outshining beams." Shak.

OUTSHINE
Out*shine", v. t.

Defn: To excel in splendor.
A throne of royal state, which far Outshone the wealth of Ormus and
of Ind. Milton.

OUTSHOOT
Out*shoot", v. t.

Defn: To exceed or excel in shooting; to shoot beyond. Bacon.
Men are resolved never to outshoot their forefathers' mark. Norris.

OUTSHUT
Out*shut", v. t.

Defn: To shut out. [R.] Donne.

OUTSIDE
Out"side`, n.

1. The external part of a thing; the part, end, or side which forms
the surface; that which appears, or is manifest; that which is
superficial; the exterior.
There may be great need of an outside where there is little or
nothing within. South.
Created beings see nothing but our outside. Addison.

2. The part or space which lies without an inclosure; the outer side,
as of a door, walk, or boundary.
I threw open the door of my chamber, and found the family standing on
the outside. Spectator.

3. The furthest limit, as to number, quantity, extent, etc.; the
utmost; as, it may last a week at the outside.

4. One who, or that which, is without; hence, an outside passenger,
as distinguished from one who is inside. See Inside, n. 3. [Colloq.
Eng.]

OUTSIDE
Out"side`, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the outside; external; exterior; superficial.

2. Reaching the extreme or farthest limit, as to extent, quantity,
etc.; as, an outside estimate. [Colloq.] Outside finish (Arch.), a
term for the minor parts, as corner boards, hanging stiles, etc.,
required to complete the exterior of a wooden building; -- rare in
masonry.

OUTSIDE
Out"side`, adv.

Defn: or prep. On or to the outside (of); without; on the exterior;
as, to ride outside the coach; he stayed outside.

OUTSIDER
Out`sid"er, n.

1. One not belonging to the concern, institution, party, etc., spoken
of; one disconnected in interest or feeling. [Recent] A. Trollope.

2. A locksmith's pinchers for grasping the point of a key in the
keyhole, to open a door from the outside when the key is inside.

3. A horse which is not a favorite in the betting. [Cant]

OUTSING
Out*sing", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in singing.

OUTSIT
Out*sit", v. t.

Defn: To remain sitting, or in session, longer than, or beyond the
time of; to outstay.

OUTSKIRT
Out"skirt`, n.

Defn: A part remote from the center; outer edge; border; -- usually
in the plural; as, the outskirts of a town. Wordsworth.
The outskirts of his march of mystery. Keble.

OUTSLEEP
Out*sleep", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in sleeping. Shak.

OUTSLIDE
Out*slide", v. i.

Defn: To slide outward, onward, or forward; to advance by sliding.
[Poetic]
At last our grating keels outslide. Whittier.

OUTSOAR
Out*soar", v. t.

Defn: To soar beyond or above.

OUTSOLE
Out"sole`, n.

Defn: The outside sole of a boot or shoe.

OUTSOUND
Out*sound", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in sounding.

OUTSPAN
Out*span", v. t. & i. Etym: [D. uitspannen.]

Defn: To unyoke or disengage, as oxen from a wagon. [S. Africa]

OUTSPARKLE
Out*spar"kle, v. t.

Defn: To exceed in sparkling.

OUTSPEAK
Out*speak", v. t.

1. To exceed in speaking.

2. To speak openly or boldly. T. Campbell.

3. To express more than. Shak.

OUTSPEED
Out*speed", v. t.

Defn: To excel in speed.
Outspeed the realized miracles of steam. Talfourd.

OUTSPEND
Out"spend`, n.

Defn: Outlay; expenditure. [R.]
A mere outspend of savageness. I. Taylor.

OUTSPIN
Out*spin", v. t.

Defn: To spin out; to finish.

OUTSPOKEN
Out*spo"ken, a.

Defn: Speaking, or spoken, freely, openly, or boldly; as, an
outspoken man; an outspoken rebuke.
 -- Out*spo"ken*ness, n.

OUTSPORT
Out*sport", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in sporting. [R.] "Not to outsport discretion." Shak.

OUTSPREAD
Out*spread", v. t.

Defn: To spread out; to expand; -- usually as a past part. or adj.

OUTSPRING
Out*spring", v. i.

Defn: To spring out; to issue.

OUTSTAND
Out*stand", v. i.

Defn: To stand out, or project, from a surface or mass; hence, to
remain standing out.

OUTSTAND
Out*stand", v. t.

1. To resist effectually; to withstand; to sustain without yielding.
[R.] Woodward.

2. To stay beyond. "I have outstood my time." Shak.

OUTSTANDING
Out*stand"ing, a.

Defn: That stands out; undischarged; uncollected; not paid; as,
outstanding obligations.
Revenues . . . as well outstanding as collected. A. Hamilton.

OUTSTARE
Out*stare", v. t.

Defn: To excel or overcome in staring; to face down.
I would outstare the sternest eyes that look. Shak.

OUTSTART
Out*start", v. i.

Defn: To start out or up. Chaucer.

OUTSTAY
Out*stay", v. t.

Defn: To stay beyond or longer than.
She concluded to outstay him. Mad. D' Arblay.

OUTSTEP
Out*step", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in stepping.

OUTSTORM
Out*storm", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in storming.
Insults the tempest and outstorms the skies. J. Barlow.

OUTSTREET
Out"street`, n.

Defn: A street remote from the center of a town. Johnson.

OUTSTRETCH
Out*stretch", v. t.

Defn: To stretch out. Milton.

OUTSTRIDE
Out*stride", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in striding.

OUTSTRIKE
Out*strike", v. t.

Defn: To strike out; to strike faster than. Shak.

OUTSTRIP
Out*strip", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outstripped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Outstripping.]

Defn: To go faster than; to outrun; to advance beyond; to leave
behing.
Appetites which . . . had outstripped the hours. Southey.
He still outstript me in the race. Tennyson.

OUTSUFFER
Out*suf"fer, v. t.

Defn: To exceed in suffering.

OUTSWEAR
Out*swear", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in swearing.

OUTSWEETEN
Out*sweet"en, v. t.

Defn: To surpass in sweetness. [R.] Shak.

OUTSWELL
Out*swell", v. t.

1. To exceed in swelling.

2. To swell beyond; to overflow. [Obs.] Hewyt.

OUTTAKE
Out*take", prep.

Defn: Except. [Obs.] R. of Brunne.

OUTTAKEN
Out*tak"en, p. p.

Defn: or prep. Excepted; save. [Obs.] Wyclif. Chaucer.

OUTTALK
Out*talk", v. t.

Defn: To overpower by talking; to exceed in talking; to talk down.
Shak.

OUTTELL
Out*tell", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in telling, counting, or reckoning. "I have outtold
the clock." Beau. & Fl.

OUTTERM
Out"term`, n.

Defn: An external or superficial thing; outward manner; superficial
remark, etc. [Obs.]
Not to bear cold forms, nor men's outterms. B. Jonson.

OUTTHROW
Out*throw", v. t.

1. To throw out. Spenser.

2. To excel in throwing, as in ball playing.

OUTTOIL
Out*toil", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in toiling.

OUTTONGUE
Out*tongue", v. t.

Defn: To silence by talk, clamor, or noise. [R.] Shak.

OUTTOP
Out*top", v. t.

Defn: To overtop. [Obs.]

OUTTRAVEL
Out*trav"el, v. t.

Defn: To exceed in speed o Mad. D' Arblay.

OUTTWINE
Out*twine", v. t.

Defn: To disentangle. [Obs.]

OUTVALUE
Out*val"ue, v. t.

Defn: To exceed in value. Boyle.

OUTVENOM
Out*ven"om, v. t.

Defn: To exceed in venom.

OUTVIE
Out*vie", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in vying. Dryden.

OUTVILLAIN
Out*vil"lain, v. t.

Defn: To exceed in villainy.

OUTVOICE
Out*voice", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in noise. Shak.

OUTVOTE
Out*vote", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in the number of votes given; to defeat by votes.
South.

OUTWALK
Out*walk", v. t.

Defn: To excel in walking; to leave behind in walking. B. Jonson.

OUTWALL
Out"wall`, n.

Defn: The exterior wall; the outside surface, or appearance. Shak.

OUTWARD; OUTWARDS
Out"ward, Out"wards, adv. Etym: [AS. . See Out, and -ward, -wards.]

Defn: From the interior part; in a direction from the interior toward
the exterior; out; to the outside; beyond; off; away; as, a ship
bound outward.
The wrong side may be turned outward. Shak.
Light falling on them is not reflected outwards. Sir I. Newton.
Outward bound, bound in an outward direction or to foreign parts; --
said especially of vessels, and opposed to homeward bound.

OUTWARD
Out"ward, a.

1. Formmg the superficial part; external; exterior; -- opposed to
inward; as, an outward garment or layer.
Though our outward man perish, yet the inward man is renewed day by
day. Cor. iv. 16.

2. Of or pertaining to the outer surface or to what is external;
manifest; public. "Sins outward." Chaucer.
An outward honor for an in ward toil. Shak.

3. Foreign; not civil or intestine; as, an outward war. [Obs.]
Hayward.

4. Tending to the exterior or outside.
The fire will force its outward way. Dryden.
-- Out"ward*ly, adv.
 -- Out"ward*ness, n. Outward stroke. (Steam Engine) See under
Stroke.

OUTWARD
Out"ward, n.

Defn: External form; exterior. [R.]
So fair an outward and such stuff within. Shak.

OUTWARDS
Out"wards, adv.

Defn: See Outward, adv.

OUTWATCH
Out*watch", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in watching.

OUTWAY
Out"way`, n.

Defn: A way out; exit. [R.]
In divers streets and outways multiplied. P. Fletcher.

OUTWEAR
Out*wear", v. t.

1. To wear out; to consume or destroy by wearing. Milton.

2. To last longer than; to outlast; as, this cloth will outwear the
other. "If I the night outwear." Pope.

OUTWEARY
Out*wea"ry, v. t.

Defn: To weary out. Cowley.

OUTWEED
Out*weed", v. t.

Defn: To weed out. [Obs.]

OUTWEEP
Out*weep", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in weeping.

OUTWEIGH
Out*weigh", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in weight or value.

OUTWELL
Out*well", v. t.

Defn: To pour out. [Obs.] Spenser.

OUTWELL
Out*well", v. i.

Defn: To issue forth. Thomson.

OUTWENT
Out*went",

Defn: imp. of Outgo.

OUTWHORE
Out*whore", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in lewdness.

OUTWIN
Out*win", v. t.

Defn: To win a way out of. [Obs.]

OUTWIND
Out*wind", v. t.

Defn: To extricate by winding; to unloose. [R.] Spenser. Dr. H. More.

OUTWING
Out*wing", v. t.

Defn: To surpass, exceed, or outstrip in flying. Garth.

OUTWIT
Out*wit", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in wisdom, esp. in cunning; to defeat or overreach
by superior craft.
They did so much outwit and outwealth us ! Gauden.

OUTWIT
Out"wit, n.

Defn: The faculty of acquiring wesdom by observation and experience,
or the wisdom so acquired; -- opposed to inwit. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

OUTWOE
Out*woe", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in woe. [Obs.]

OUTWORK
Out*work", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in working; to work more or faster than.

OUTWORK
Out"work`, n. (Fort.)

Defn: A minor defense constructed beyond the main body of a work, as
a ravelin, lunette, hornwork, etc. Wilhelm.

OUTWORTH
Out*worth", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in worth. [R.]

OUTWREST
Out*wrest", v. t.

Defn: To extort; to draw from or forth by violence. [Obs.] Spenser.

OUTWRITE
Out*write", v. t.

Defn: To exceed or excel in writing.

OUTZANY
Out*za"ny, v. t.

Defn: To exceed in buffoonery. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

OUVAROVITE
Ou*va"ro*vite, n. Etym: [Named from the Russian Count Uvaroff.]
(Min.)

Defn: Chrome garnet.

OUZE
Ouze, n. & v.

Defn: See Ooze. [Obs.]

OUZEL
Ou"zel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Ousel.
The mellow ouzel fluted in the elm. Tennyson.

OVA
O"va, n. pl.

Defn: See Ovum.

OVAL
O"val, a. Etym: [F. ovale, fr. L. ovum egg. Cf. Egg, Ovum.]

1. Of or pertaining to eggs; done in the egg, or inception; as, oval
conceptions. [Obs.]

2. Having the figure of an egg; oblong and curvilinear, with one end
broader than the other, or with both ends of about the same breadth;
in popular usage, elliptical.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Broadly elliptical. Oval chuck (Mech.), a lathe chuck so
constructed that work attached to it, and cut by the turning tool in
the usual manner, becomes of an oval form.

OVAL
O"val, n.

Defn: A body or figure in the shape of an egg, or popularly, of an
ellipse. Cassinian oval (Geom.), the locus of a point the product of
whose distances from two fixed points is constant; -- so called from
Cassini, who first investigated the curve. Thus, in the diagram, if P
moves so that P A.P B is constant, the point P describes a Cassinian
oval. The locus may consist of a single closed line, as shown by the
dotted line, or of two equal ovals about the points A and B.

OVALBUMIN; OVALBUMEN
O`val*bu"min, O`val*bu"men, n. Etym: [Ovum + albumin.] (Physiol.
Chem.)

Defn: The albumin from white of eggs; egg albumin; -- in distinction
from serum albumin. See Albumin.

OVALIFORM
O*val"i*form, a. Etym: [Oval + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of an egg; having a figure such that any
section in the direction of the shorter diameter will be circular,
and any in the direction of the longer diameter will be oval.

OVALLY
O"val*ly, adv.

Defn: In an oval form.

OVANT
O"vant, a. Etym: [L. ovans triumphant, p. pr. of ovare to exult.]

Defn: Exultant. [Obs.] Holland.

OVARIAN; OVARIAL
O*va"ri*an, O*va"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an ovary.

OVARIOLE
O*va"ri*ole, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the tubes of which the ovaries of most insects are
composed.

OVARIOTOMIST
O*va`ri*ot"o*mist, n.

Defn: One who performs, or is skilled in, ovariotomy.

OVARIOTOMY
O*va`ri*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [Ovarium + Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of removing one or both of the ovaries;
oöphorectomy.

OVARIOUS
O*va"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Consisting of eggs; as, ovarious food. [R.] Thomson.

OVARITIS
O`va*ri"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Ovarium, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the ovaries.

OVARIUM
O*va"ri*um, n.; pl. L. Ovaria, E. Ovariums. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: An ovary. See Ovary.

OVARY
O"va*ry, n.; pl. Ovaries. Etym: [NL. ovarium, fr. L. ovum egg: cf. F.
ovaire. See Oval.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: That part of the pistil which contains the seed, and in most
flowering plants develops into the fruit. See Illust. of Flower.

2. (Zoöl. & Anat.)

Defn: The essential female reproductive organ in which the ova are
produced. See Illust. of Discophora.

OVATE
O"vate, a. Etym: [L. ovatus, from ovum egg. See Oval.]

1. Shaped like an egg, with the lower extremity broadest.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the shape of an egg, or of the longitudinal sectior of
an egg, with the broader end basal. Gray.

OVATE-ACUMINATE
O"vate-a*cu"mi*nate, a.

Defn: Having an ovate form, but narrowed at the end into a slender
point.

OVATE-CYLINDRACEOUS
O"vate-cyl`in*dra"ceous, a.

Defn: Having a form intermediate between ovate and cylindraceous.

OVATED
O"va*ted, a.

Defn: Ovate.

OVATE-LANCEOLATE
O"vate-lan"ce*o*late, a.

Defn: Having a form intermediate between ovate and lanceolate.

OVATE-OBLONG
O"vate-ob"long, a.

Defn: Oblong. with one end narrower than the other; ovato-oblong.

OVATE-ROTUNDATE
O"vate-ro*tund"ate, a.

Defn: Having a form intermediate between that of an egg and a sphere;
roundly ovate.

OVATE-SUBULATE
O"vate-su"bu*late, a.

Defn: Having an ovate form, but with a subulate tip or extremity.

OVATION
O*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. ovatio, fr. ovare to exult, rejoice, triumph
in an ovation; cf. Gr. ovation.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A lesser kind of triumph allowed to a commander for an easy,
bloodless victory, or a victory over slaves.

2. Hence: An expression of popular homage; the tribute of the
multitude to a public favorite.
To rain an April of ovation round Their statues. Tennyson.

OVATO-ACUMINATE
O*va"to-a*cu"mi*nate, a.

Defn: Same as Ovate-acuminate.

OVATO-CYLINDRACEOUS
O*va"to-cyl`in*dra"ceous, a.

Defn: Same as Ovate-cylindraceous.

OVATO-OBLONG
O*va"to-ob"long, a.

Defn: Same as Ovate-oblong.

OVATO-ROTUNDATE
O*va"to-ro*tund"ate, a.

Defn: Same as Ovate-rotundate.

OVEN
Ov"en, n. Etym: [AS. ofen; akin to D. oven, OHG. ofan, ovan, G. ofen,
Icel. ofn, Dan. ovn, Sw. ugn, Goth. aúhns, Gr. ukha pot.]

Defn: A place arched over with brick or stonework, and used for
baking, heating, or drying; hence, any structure, whether fixed or
portable, which may be heated for baking, drying, etc.; esp., now, a
chamber in a stove, used for baking or roasting.

OVENBIRD
Ov"en*bird`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any species of the genus Furnarius, allied to the creepers. They
inhabit South America and the West Indies, and construct curious
oven-shaped nests.
(b) In the United States, Seiurus aurocapillus; -- called also
golden-crowned thrush.
(c) In England, sometimes applied to the willow warbler, and to the
long-tailed titmouse.

OVER
O"ver, prep. Etym: [AS. ofer; akin to D. over, G. über, OHG. ubir,
ubar, Dan. over, Sw. öfver, Icel. yfir, Goth. ufar, L. super, Gr.
upari. Above, Eaves, Hyper-, Orlop, Super-, Sovereign, Up.]

1. Above, or higher than, in place or position, with the idea of
covering; -- opposed to Ant: under; as, clouds are over our heads;
the smoke rises over the city.
The mercy seat that is over the testimony. Ex. xxx. 6.
Over them gleamed far off the crimson banners of morning. Longfellow.

2. Across; from side to side of; -- implying a passing or moving,
either above the substance or thing, or on the surface of it; as, a
dog leaps over a stream or a table.
Certain lakes . . . poison birds which fly over them. Bacon.

3. Upon the surface of, or the whole surface of; hither and thither
upon; throughout the whole extent of; as, to wander over the earth;
to walk over a field, or over a city.

4. Above; -- implying superiority in excellence, dignity, condition,
or value; as, the advantages which the Christian world has over the
heathen. Swift.

5. Above in authority or station; -- implying government, direction,
care, attention, guard, responsibility, etc.; -- opposed to Ant:
under.
Thou shalt be over my house. Gen. xli. 40.
I will make thee rules over many things. Matt. xxv. 23.
Dost thou not watch over my sin Job xiv. 16.
His tender mercies are over all his works. Ps. cxlv. 9.

6. Across or during the time of; from beginning to end of; as, to
keep anything over night; to keep corn over winter.

7. Above the perpendicular height or length of, with an idea of
measurement; as, the water, or the depth of water, was over his head,
over his shoes.

8. Beyond; in excess of; in addition to; more than; as, it cost over
five dollars. "Over all this." Chaucer.

9. Above, implying superiority after a contest; in spite of;
notwithstanding; as, he triumphed over difficulties; the bill was
passed over the veto.

Note: Over, in poetry, is often contracted into o'er.

Note: Over his signature (or name) is a substitute for the idiomatic
English form, under his signature (name, hand and seal, etc.), the
reference in the latter form being to the authority under which the
writing is made, executed, or published, and not the place of the
autograph, etc. Over all (Her.), placed over or upon other bearings,
and therefore hinding them in part; -- said of a charge.
 -- Over head and ears, beyond one's depth; completely; wholly;
hopelessly; as, over head and ears in debt. [Colloq.] -- Over the
left. See under Left.
 -- To run over (Mach.), to have rotation in such direction that the
crank pin traverses the upper, or front, half of its path in the
forward, or outward, stroke; -- said of a crank which drives, or is
driven by, a reciprocating piece.

OVER
O"ver, adv.

1. From one side to another; from side to side; across; crosswise;
as, a board, or a tree, a foot over, i. e., a foot in diameter.

2. From one person or place to another regarded as on the opposite
side of a space or barrier; -- used with verbs of motion; as, to sail
over to England; to hand over the money; to go over to the enemy. "We
will pass over to Gibeah." Judges xix. 12. Also, with verbs of being:
At, or on, the opposite side; as, the boat is over.

3. From beginning to end; throughout the course, extent, or expanse
of anything; as, to look over accounts, or a stock of goods; a dress
covered over with jewels.

4. From inside to outside, above or across the brim.
Good measure, pressed down . . . and running over. Luke vi. 38.

5. Beyond a limit; hence, in excessive degree or quantity;
superfluously; with repetition; as, to do the whole work over. "So
over violent." Dryden.
He that gathered much had nothing over. Ex. xvi. 18.

6. In a manner to bring the under side to or towards the top; as, to
turn (one's self) over; to roll a stone over; to turn over the
leaves; to tip over a cart.

7. At an end; beyond the limit of continuance; completed; finished.
"Their distress was over." Macaulay. "The feast was over." Sir W.
Scott.

Note: Over, out, off, and similar adverbs, are often used in the
predicate with the sense and force of adjectives, agreeing in this
respect with the adverbs of place, here, there, everywhere, nowhere;
as, the games were over; the play is over; the master was out; his
hat is off.

Note: Over is much used in composition, with the same significations
that it has as a separate word; as in overcast, overflow, to cast or
flow so as to spread over or cover; overhang, to hang above;
overturn, to turn so as to bring the underside towards the top;
overact, overreach, to act or reach beyond, implying excess or
superiority. All over. (a) Over the whole; upon all parts;
completely; as, he is spatterd with mud all over. (b) Wholly over; at
an end; as, it is all over with him.
 -- Over again, once more; with repetition; afresh; anew. Dryden.
 -- Over against, opposite; in front. Addison.
 -- Over and above, in a manner, or degree, beyond what is supposed,
defined, or usual; besides; in addition; as, not over and above well.
"He . . . gained, over and above, the good will of all people." L'
Estrange.
 -- Over and over, repeatedly; again and again.
 -- To boil over. See under Boil, v. i.
 -- To come it over, To do over, To give over, etc. See under Come,
Do, Give, etc.
 -- To throw over, to abandon; to betray. Cf. To throw overboard,
under Overboard.

OVER
O"ver, a.

Defn: Upper; covering; higher; superior; also, excessive; too much or
too great; -- chiefly used in composition; as, overshoes, overcoat,
over-garment, overlord, overwork, overhaste.

OVER
O"ver, n. (Cricket)

Defn: A certain number of balls (usually four) delivered successively
from behind ine wicket, after which the ball is bowled from behing
the other wicket as many times, the fielders changing places.

OVERABOUND
O`ver*a*bound", v. i.

Defn: To be exceedingly plenty or superabundant. Pope.

OVERACT
O`ver*act", v. t.

1. To act or perform to excess; to exaggerate in acting; as, he
overacted his part.

2. To act upon, or influence, unduly. [Obs.]
The hope of inheritance overacts them. Milton.

OVERACT
O`ver*act", v. i.

Defn: To act more than is necessary; to go to excess in action. B.
Jonson.

OVERACTION
O"ver*ac"tion, n.

Defn: Per

OVERAFFECT
O`ver*af*fect", v. t.

Defn: To affect or care for unduly. [Obs.] Milton.

OVERAGITATE
O`ver*ag"i*tate, v. t.

Defn: To agitate or discuss beyond what is expedient. Bp. Hall.

OVERALL
O"ver*all, adv.

Defn: Everywhere. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OVERALLS
O"ver*alls, n. pl.

1. A kind of loose trousers worn over others to protect them from
soiling.

2. Waterproof leggings. R. D. Blackmore.

OVERANXIETY
O"ver*anx*i"e*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being overanxious; excessive anxiety.

OVERANXIOUS
O"ver*anx"ious, a.

Defn: Anxious in an excessive or needless degree.
 -- O"ver*anx"ious*ly, adv.

OVERARCH
O`ver*arch", v. t. & i.

Defn: To make or place an arch over; to hang over like an arch.
"Brown with o'erarching shades." Pope.

OVER-ARM
O"ver-arm`, a. (Cricket, etc.)

Defn: Done (as bowling or pitching) with the arm raised above the
shoulder. See Overhard. "An over-arm with a round-arm bowler." R. A.
Proctor.

OVERAWE
O`ver*awe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overawed; p. pr. & vb. n. Overawing.]

Defn: To awe exceedingly; to subjugate or restrain by awe or great
fear.
The king was present in person to overlook the magistrates, and
overawe these subjects with the terror of his sword. Spenser.

OVERAWFUL
O"ver*aw"ful, a.

Defn: Awful, or reverential, in an excessive degree. [R.] Milton.

OVERBALANCE
O`ver*bal"ance, v. t.

1. To exceed equality with; to outweigh. Locke.

2. To cause to lose balance or equilibrium.

OVERBALANCE
O"ver*bal`ance, n.

Defn: Excess of weight or value; something more than an equivalent;
as, an overbalance of exports. J. Edwards.

OVERBARREN
O"ver*bar"ren, a.

Defn: Excessively barren.

OVERBATTLE
O"ver*bat"tle, a. Etym: [Over + battle, a.]

Defn: Excessively fertile; bearing rank or noxious growths. [Obs.]
"Overbattle grounds." Hooker.

OVERBEAR
O`ver*bear", v. t.

1. To bear down or carry down, as by excess of weight, power, force,
etc.; to overcome; to suppress.
The point of reputation, when the news first came of the battle lost,
did overbear the reason of war. Bacon.
Overborne with weight the Cyprians fell. Dryden.
They are not so ready to overbear the adversary who goes out of his
own country to meet them. Jowett (Thucyd. )

2. To domineer over; to overcome by insolence.

OVERBEAR
O`ver*bear", v. i.

Defn: To bear fruit or offspring to excess; to be too prolific.

OVERBEARING
O`ver*bear"ing, a.

1. Overpowering; subduing; repressing. I. Watts.

2. Aggressively haughty; arrogant; domineering; tyrannical;
dictatorial; insolent. --O`ver*bear"ing*ly, adv.
 -- O`ver*bear"ing*ness, n.

OVERBEND
O`ver*bend", v. t.

Defn: To bend to excess.

OVERBEND
O`ver*bend", v. i.

Defn: To bend over. [R.]

OVERBID
O`ver*bid", v. t.

Defn: To bid or offer beyond, or in excess of. Dryden.

OVERBIDE
O`ver*bide", v. t.

Defn: To outlive. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OVERBLOW
O`ver*blow", v. i.

1. To blow over, or be subdued. [R.] Spenser.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: To force so much wind into a pipe that it produces an overtone,
or a note higher than the natural note; thus, the upper octaves of a
flute are produced by overblowing.

OVERBLOW
O`ver*blow", v. t.

Defn: To blow away; to dissipate by wind, or as by wind.
When this cloud of sorrow's overblown. Waller.

OVERBOARD
O"ver*board`, adv.

Defn: Over the side of a ship; hence, from on board of a ship, into
the water; as, to fall overboard. To throw overboard, to discard; to
abandon, as a dependent or friend.

OVERBOIL
O`ver*boil", v. i.

Defn: To boil over or unduly.
Nor is discontent to keep the mind Deep in its fountain, lest it
overboil In the hot throng. Byron.

OVERBOLD
O`ver*bold", a.

Defn: Excessively or presumptuously bold; impudent. Shak.
 -- O"ver*bold"ly, adv.

OVERBOOKISH
O"ver*book"ish, a.

Defn: Excessively bookish.

OVERBOUNTEOUS
O"ver*boun"te*ous, a.

Defn: Bounteous to excess.

OVERBOW
O`ver*bow", v. t.

Defn: To bend or bow over; to bend in a contrary direction. [Obs.]
Fuller.

OVERBREED
O`ver*breed", v. t.

Defn: To breed to excess.

OVERBRIM
O`ver*brim", v. i.

Defn: To flow over the brim; to be so full as to overflow. [R.]

OVERBROW
O`ver*brow", v. t.

Defn: To hang over like a brow; to impend over. [Poetic] Longfellow.
Did with a huge projection overbrow Large space beneath. Wordsworth.

OVERBUILD
O`ver*build", v. t.

1. To build over. Milton.

2. To build too much; to build beyond the demand.

OVERBUILT
O`ver*built", a.

Defn: Having too many buildings; as, an overbuilt part of a town.

OVERBULK
O`ver*bulk", v. t.

Defn: To oppress by bulk; to overtower. [Obs. & R.] Shak.

OVERBURDEN
O`ver*bur"den, v. t.

Defn: To load with too great weight or too much care, etc. Sir P.
Sidney.

OVERBURDEN
O"ver*bur`den, n.

Defn: The waste which overlies good stone in a quarry. Raymond.

OVERBURDENSOME
O"ver*bur"den*some, a.

Defn: Too burdensome.

OVERBURN
O`ver*burn", v. t. & i.

Defn: To burn too much; to be overzealous.

OVER-BUSY
O"ver-bus"y, a.

Defn: Too busy; officious.

OVERBUY
O`ver*buy", v. t.

1. To buy too much.

2. To buy at too dear a rate. Dryden.

OVERCANOPY
O`ver*can"o*py, v. t.

Defn: To cover as with a canopy. Shak.

OVERCAPABLE
O`ver*ca"pa*ble, a.

Defn: Too capable. [R.]
Overcapable of such pleasing errors. Hooker.

OVERCARE
O"ver*care", n.

Defn: Excessive care. Dryden.

OVERCAREFUL
O"ver*care"ful, a.

Defn: Too careful. Shak.

OVERCARKING
O"ver*cark"ing, a.

Defn: Too anxious; too full of care. [Archaic] Fuller.

OVERCARRY
O`ver*car"ry, v. t. & i.

Defn: To carry too far; to carry beyond the proper point. Hayward.

OVERCAST
O`ver*cast", v. t.

1. To cast or cover over; hence, to cloud; to darken.
Those clouds that overcast your morn shall fly. Dryden.

2. To compute or rate too high. Bacon.

3. (Sewing)

Defn: To take long, loose stitches over (the raw edges of a seam) to
prevent raveling.

OVERCATCH
O`ver*catch", v. t.

Defn: To overtake. [Obs.]

OVERCAUTIOUS
O"ver*cau"tious, a.

Defn: Too cautious; cautious or prudent to excess.
 -- O"ver*cau"tious*ly, adv.
 -- O"ver*cau"tiou*ness, n.

OVERCHANGE
O"ver*change`, n.

Defn: Too much or too frequent change; fickleness. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

OVERCHARGE
O`ver*charge", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Supercharge, Surcharge.]

1. To charge or load too heavily; to burden; to oppress; to cloy. Sir
W. Raleigh.

2. To fill too full; to crowd.
Our language is overcharged with consonants. Addison.

3. To charge excessively; to charge beyond a fair rate or price.

4. To exaggerate; as, to overcharge a description. Overcharged mine.
(Mil.) See Globe of compression, under Globe.

OVERCHARGE
O`ver*charge", v. i.

Defn: To make excessive charges.

OVERCHARGE
O"ver*charge`, n. Etym: [Cf. Supercargo, Supercharge.]

1. An excessive load or burden.

2. An excessive charge in an account.

OVERCLIMB
O`ver*climb", v. t.

Defn: To climb over. Surrey.

OVERCLOUD
O`ver*cloud", v. t.

Defn: To cover or overspread with clouds; to becloud; to overcast.

OVERCLOY
O`ver*cloy", v. t.

Defn: To fill beyond satiety. Shak.

OVERCOAT
O"ver*coat`, n. Etym: [Cf. Surcoat.]

Defn: A coat worn over the other clothing; a greatcoat; a topcoat.

OVERCOLD
O"ver*cold", a.

Defn: Cold to excess. Wiseman.

OVERCOLOR
O`ver*col"or, v. t.

Defn: To color too highly.

OVERCOME
O`ver*come", v. t. [imp. Overcame; p. p. Overcome; p. pr & vb. n.
Overcoming.] Etym: [AS. ofercuman. See Over, Come, and cf.
Supervene.]

1. To get the better of; to surmount; to conquer; to subdue; as, to
overcome enemies in battle.
This wretched woman overcome Of anguish, rather than of crime, hath
been. Spenser.

2. To overflow; to surcharge. [Obs.] J. Philips.

3. To come or pass over; to spreads over. [Obs.]
And overcome us like a summer's cloud. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To conquer; subdue; vanquish; overpower; overthrow; overturn;
defeat; crush; overbear; overwhelm; prostrate; beat; surmount. See
Conquer.

OVERCOME
O`ver*come", v. i.

Defn: To gain the superiority; to be victorious. Rev. iii. 21.

OVERCOMER
O`ver*com"er, n.

Defn: One who overcomes.

OVERCOMING
O`ver*com"ing, a.

Defn: Conquering; subduing.
 -- O`ver*com"ing*ly, adv.

OVERCONFIDENCE
O"ver*con"fi*dence, n.

Defn: Excessive confidence; too great reliance or trust.

OVERCONFIDENT
O"ver*con"fi*dent, a.

Defn: Confident to excess.
 -- O"ver*con"fi*dent*ly, adv.

OVERCOSTLY
O"ver*cost"ly, a.

Defn: Too costly. Milton.

OVERCOUNT
O`ver*count", v. t.

Defn: To rate too high; to outnumber. Shak.

OVERCOVER
O`ver*cov"er, v. t.

Defn: To cover up. Shak.

OVERCREDULOUS
O"ver*cred"u*lous, a.

Defn: Too credulous.

OVERCROW
O`ver*crow", v. t.

Defn: To crow, exult, or boast, over; to overpower. Spenser. Shak.

OVERCROWD
O`ver*crowd", v. t.

Defn: To crowd too much.

OVERCUNNING
O"ver*cun"ning, a.

Defn: Exceedingly or excessively cunning.

OVERCURIOUS
O"ver*cu"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Too curious.

OVERDARE
O`ver*dare", v. t. & i.

Defn: To dare too much or rashly; to be too daring.

OVERDATE
O`ver*date", v. t.

Defn: To date later than the true or proper period. Milton.

OVERDEAL
O"ver*deal`, n.

Defn: The excess. [Obs.]
The overdeal in the price will be double. Holland.

OVERDELICATE
O"ver*del"i*cate, a.

Defn: Too delicate.

OVERDELIGHTED
O"ver*de*light"ed, a.

Defn: Delighted beyond measure.

OVERDEVELOP
O`ver*de*vel"op, v. t.

Defn: To develop excessively; specif. (Photog.),

Defn: to subject (a plate or film) too long to the developing
process.

OVERDIGHT
O"ver*dight", a.

Defn: Covered over. [Obs.] Spenser.

OVERDO
O`ver*do", v. t. [imp. Overdid; p. p. Overdone; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overdoing.]

1. To do too much; to exceed what is proper or true in doing; to
exaggerate; to carry too far.
Anything so overdone is from the purpose of playing. Shak.

2. To overtask. or overtax; to fatigue; to exhaust; as, to overdo
one's strength.

3. To surpass; to excel. [R.] Tennyson.

4. To cook too much; as, to overdo the meat.

OVERDO
O`ver*do", v. i.

Defn: To labor too hard; to do too much.

OVERDOER
O`ver*do"er, n.

Defn: One who overdoes.

OVERDOSE
O`ver*dose", v. t.

Defn: To dose to excess; to give an overdose, or too many doses, to.

OVERDOSE
O"ver*dose`, n.

Defn: Too great a dose; an excessive dose.

OVERDRAFT
O"ver*draft`, n. (Banking)

Defn: The act of overdrawing; also, the amount or sum overdrawn.

OVERDRAW
O`ver*draw", v. t. [imp. Overdrew; p. p. Overdrawn; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overdrawing.]

1. To exaggerate; to overdo.

2. (Banking)

Defn: To make drafts upon or against, in excess of the proper amount
or limit.

OVERDRESS
O`ver*dress", v. t.

Defn: To dress or adorn to excess; to dress too much. Pope.

OVERDRINK
O`ver*drink", v. t. & i.

Defn: To drink to excess.

OVERDRIVE
O`ver*drive", v. t. & i.

Defn: To drive too hard, or far, or beyond strength.

OVERDROWN
O`ver*drown", v. t.

Defn: To wet or drench to excess. [Obs.] W. Browne.

OVERDRY
O`ver*dry", v. t.

Defn: To dry too much. Burton.

OVERDUE
O"ver*due", a.

Defn: Due and more than due; delayed beyond the proper time of
arrival or payment, etc.; as, an overdue vessel; an overdue note.

OVERDYE
O`ver*dye", v. t.

Defn: To dye with excess of color; to put one color over (another).
Shak.

OVEREAGER
O`ver*ea"ger, a.

Defn: Too eager; too impatient.
 -- O`ver*ea"ger*ly, adv.
 -- O"ver*ea"ger*ness, n.

OVEREARNEST
O`ver*ear"nest, a.

Defn: Too earnest.
 -- O"ver*ear"nest*ly, adv.
 -- O"ver*ear"nest*ness, n.

OVEREAT
O`ver*eat", v. t. & i.

1. To gnaw all over, or on all sides. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To eat to excess; -- often with a reflexive.

OVERELEGANT
O"ver*el"e*gant, a.

Defn: Too elegant. Johnson.

OVEREMPTY
O`ver*emp"ty, v. t.

Defn: To make too empty; to exhaust. [R.] Carew.

OVEREST
O"ver*est, a. [Superl. of Over.]

Defn: Uppermost; outermost.
Full threadbare was his overeste courtepy. Chaucer.

OVERESTIMATE
O`ver*es"ti*mate, v. t.

Defn: To estimate too highly; to overvalue.

OVERESTIMATE
O`ver*es"ti*mate, n.

Defn: An estimate that is too high; as, an overestimate of the vote.

OVEREXCITE
O`ver*ex*cite", v. t.

Defn: To excite too much.

OVEREXCITEMENT
O"ver*ex*cite"ment, n.

Defn: Excess of excitement; the state of being overexcited.

OVEREXERT
O`ver*ex*ert", v. t.

Defn: To exert too much.

OVEREXERTION
O"ver*ex*er"tion, n.

Defn: Excessive exertion.

OVEREXPOSE
O`ver*ex*pose", v. t.

Defn: To expose excessively; specif. (Photog.),

Defn: to subject (a plate or film) too long to the actinic action of
the light used in producing a picture. -- O`ver*ex*po"sure (#), n.

OVEREXQUISITE
O"ver*ex"qui*site, a.

Defn: Too exquisite; too exact or nice; too careful.

OVEREYE
O`ver*eye", v. t.

1. To superintend; to oversee; to inspect. [Obs.]

2. To see; to observe. [Obs.] Shak.

OVERFALL
O"ver*fall`, n.

1. A cataract; a waterfall. [Obs.]

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A turbulent surface of water, caused by strong currents setting
over submerged ridges; also, a dangerous submerged ridge or shoal.

OVERFATIGUE
O"ver*fa*tigue", n.

Defn: Excessive fatigue.

OVERFATIGUE
O`ver*fa*tigue", v. t.

Defn: To fatigue to excess; to tire out.

OVERFEED
O`ver*feed", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Overfed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overfeeding.]

Defn: To feed to excess; to surfeit.

OVERFIERCE
O"ver*fierce", a.

Defn: Excessively fierce.

OVERFILL
o`ver*fill", v. t.

Defn: To fill to excess; to surcharge.

OVERFISH
O`ver*fish", v. t.

Defn: To fish to excess.

OVERFLOAT
O`ver*float", v. t.

Defn: To overflow. [R.] Dryden.

OVERFLOURISH
O`ver*flour"ish, v. t.

1. To make excessive display or flourish of. Collier.

2. To embellish with outward ornaments or flourishes; to varnish
over. [Obs.] Shak.

OVERFLOW
O`ver*flow", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overflowed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overflowing.] Etym: [AS. oferfl. See Over, and Flow.]

1. To flow over; to cover woth, or as with, water or other fluid; to
spread over; to inundate; to overwhelm.
The northern nations overflowed all Christendom. Spenser.

2. To flow over the brim of; to fill more than full.

OVERFLOW
O`ver*flow", v. i.

1. To run over the bounds.

2. To be superabundant; to abound. Rogers.

OVERFLOW
O"ver*flow`, n.

1. A flowing over, as of water or other fluid; an inundation. Bacon.

2. That which flows over; a superfluous portion; a superabundance.
Shak.

3. An outlet for the escape of surplus liquid. Overflow meeting, a
meeting constituted of the surplus or overflow of another audience.

OVERFLOWING
O`ver*flow"ing, n.

Defn: An overflow; that which overflows; exuberance; copiousness.
He was ready to bestow the overflowings of his full mind on anybody
who would start a subject. Macaulay.

OVERFLOWINGLY
O`ver*flow"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In great abundance; exuberantly. Boyle.

OVERFLUSH
O`ver*flush", v. t.

Defn: To flush to excess. [R.]

OVERFLUTTER
O`ver*flut"ter, v. t.

Defn: To flutter over.

OVERFLUX
O"ver*flux`, n.

Defn: Overflow; exuberance. [R.]

OVERFLY
O`ver*fly", v. t. [imp. Overflew; p. p. Overflown; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overflying.]

Defn: To cross or pass over by flight. Byron.

OVERFOND
O"ver*fond"

Defn: , Milton.
 -- O"ver*fond"ly, adv.
 -- O"ver*fond"ness, n.

OVERFORCE
O"ver*force`, n.

Defn: Excessive force; violence.

OVERFORWARD
O"ver*for"ward, a.

Defn: Forward to excess; too forward.
 -- O"ver*for"ward*ness, n.

OVERFREE
O"ver*free", a.

Defn: Free to excess; too liberal; too familiar.
 -- O"ver*free"ly, adv.

OVERFREIGHT
O`ver*freight", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overfreighted (Overfraught,
obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Overfreighting.]

Defn: To put too much freight in or upon; to load too full, or too
heavily; to overload.

OVERFREQUENT
O"ver*fre"quent, a.

Defn: Too frequent.

OVERFRIEZE
O`ver*frieze", v. t.

Defn: To cover with a frieze, or as with a frieze. E. Hall.

OVERFRONT
O`ver*front", v. t.

Defn: To confront; to oppose; to withstand. [Obs.] Milton.

OVERFRUITFUL
O"ver*fruit"ful, a.

Defn: Too fruitful.

OVERFULL
O"ver*full", a. Etym: [AS. oferfull.]

Defn: Too full; filled to overflowing; excessively full; surfeited.
Shak.

OVERFULLNESS
O"ver*full"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being excessively or abnormally full, so as to
cause overflow, distention, or congestion; excess of fullness;
surfeit.

OVER-GARMENT
O"ver-gar`ment, n.

Defn: An outer garment.

OVERGARRISON
O`ver*gar"ri*son, v. t.

Defn: To garrison to excess.

OVERGAZE
O`ver*gaze", v. t.

Defn: To gaze; to overlook. [Poetic] "Earth's o'ergazing mountains."
Byron.

OVERGET
O`ver*get", v. t.

1. To reach; to overtake; to pass. [Obs.]

2. To get beyond; to get over or recover from. [R.]

OVERGILD
O`ver*gild", v. t. Etym: [AS. ofergyldan.]

Defn: To gild over; to varnish.

OVERGIRD
O`ver*gird", v. t.

Defn: To gird too closely. [R.]

OVERGIVE
O`ver*give", v. t.

Defn: To give over; to surrender; to yield. [Obs.] Spenser.

OVERGLAD
O"ver*glad", a.

Defn: Excessively or unduly glad.

OVERGLANCE
O`ver*glance", v. t.

Defn: To glance over.

OVERGLAZE
O"ver*glaze`, a. (Ceramics)
 (a) Applied over the glaze; -- said of enamel paintings, which
sometimes are seen to project from the surface of the ware. (b)
Suitable for applying upon the glaze; -- said of vitrifiable colors
used in ceramic decoration.

OVERGLIDE
O`ver*glide", v. t.

Defn: To glide over. Wyatt.

OVERGLOOM
O`ver*gloom", v. t.

Defn: To spread gloom over; to make gloomy; to overshadow. [R.]
Overgloomed by memories of sorrow. De Quincey.

OVERGO
O`ver*go", v. t. [imp. Overwent; p. p. Overgone; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overgoing.] Etym: [AS. ofergan.]

1. To travel over. [R.] Shak.

2. To exceed; to surpass. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

3. To cover. [Obs.] Chapman.

4. To oppress; to weigh down. [Obs.] Shak.

OVERGORGE
O`ver*gorge", v. t.

Defn: To gorge to excess.

OVERGRACE
O`ver*grace", v. t.

Defn: To grace or honor exceedingly or beyond desert. [R.] Beau. &
Fl.

OVERGRASSED
O"ver*grassed", a.

Defn: Overstocked, or overgrown, or covered, with grass. [Obs.]
Spenser.

OVERGREAT
O`ver*great", a.

Defn: Too great.

OVERGREATNESS
O"ver*great"ness, n.

Defn: Excessive greatness.

OVERGREEDY
O"ver*greed"y, a.

Defn: Excessively greedy.

OVERGROSS
O"ver*gross", a.

Defn: Too gross.

OVERGROUND
O"ver*ground", a.

Defn: Situated over or above ground; as, the overground portion of a
plant.

OVERGROW
O`ver*grow", v. t. [imp. Overgrew; p. p. Overgrown; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overgrowing.]

1. To grow over; to cover with growth or herbage, esp. that which is
rank.
The green . . . is rough and overgrown. Sir W. Scott.

2. To grow beyond; to rise above; hence, to overcome; to oppress.
[Obs.] Mortimer. "O'ergrown with labor." Beau. & Fl. [Usually in the
past participle.]

OVERGROW
O`ver*grow", v. i.

Defn: To grow beyond the fit or natural size; as, a huge, overgrown
ox. L'Estrange.

OVERGROWTH
O"ver*growth`, n.

Defn: Excessive growth.

OVERHALE
O`ver*hale", v. t.

Defn: See Overhaul. [Obs.]

OVERHALL
O`ver*hall", v. t.

Defn: See Overhaul. [Obs.]

OVERHAND
O"ver*hand`, n.

Defn: The upper hand; advantage; superiority; mastery.
He had gotten thereby a great overhand on me. Sir T. More.

OVERHAND
O"ver*hand`, a.

1. (Sewing)

Defn: Over and over; -- applied to a style of sewing, or to a seam,
in which two edges, usually selvedges, are sewed together by passing
each stitch over both.

2. (Baseball, Cricket, etc.)

Defn: Done (as pitching or bowling) with the hand higher than the
elbow, or the arm above, or higher than, the shoulder. Overhand knot.
See Illustration of Knot.

OVERHAND
O"ver*hand`, adv.

Defn: In an overhand manner or style.

OVERHANDLE
O`ver*han"dle, v. t.

Defn: To handle, or use, too much; to mention too often. Shak.

OVERHANG
O`ver*hang", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overhung; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overhanging.]

1. To impend or hang over. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

2. To hang over; to jut or project over. Pope.

OVERHANG
O`ver*hang", v. i.

Defn: To jut over. Milton.

OVERHANG
O`ver*hang`, n. (Arch.)

1. In a general sense, that which just out or projects; a projection;
also, the measure of the projection; as, the overhang is five feet.

2. Specifically: The projection of an upper part (as a roof, an upper
story, or other part) of a building beyond the lower part; as, the
overhang of a roof, of the eaves, etc.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The portion of the bow or stem of a vessel that projects over
the water beyond the water line.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: The projection of a part beyond another part that is directly
below it, or beyond a part by which it is supported; as, the overhang
of a shaft; i. e., its projection beyond its bearing.

OVERHAPPY
O"ver*hap"py, a.

Defn: Exceedingly happy. Shak.

OVERHARDEN
O`ver*hard"en, v. t.

Defn: To harden too much; to make too hard. Boyle.

OVERHARDY
O"ver*har"dy, a.

Defn: Too hardy; overbold.

OVERHASTE
O"ver*haste`, n.

Defn: Too great haste.

OVERHASTY
O"ver*has"ty, a.

Defn: Too hasty; precipitate; rash.
 -- O"ver*has"ti*ly, adv.
 -- O`ver*has"ti*ness, n.

OVERHAUL
O`ver*haul", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overhauled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overhauling.]

1. To haul or drag over; hence, to turn over for examination; to
inspect; to examine thoroughly with a view to corrections or repairs.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To gain upon in a chase; to overtake. To overhaul a tackle, to
pull on the leading parts so as to separate the blocks.
 -- To overhaul running rigging, to keep it clear, and see that no
hitch occurs.

OVERHAUL; OVERHAULING
O"ver*haul`, O`ver*haul"ing, n.

Defn: A strict examination with a view to correction or repairs.

OVERHEAD
O`ver*head", adv.

Defn: Aloft; above; in or attached to the ceiling or roof; in the
story or upon the floor above; in the zenith.
While overhead the moon Sits arbitress. Milton.

Note: Also used adjectively; as, an overhead crane, gear, etc.
Overhead engine, a vertical steam engine in which the cylinder stands
above the crank.
 -- Overhead work, a general term in manufactories for
countershafting and gearing, when overhead.

OVERHEAD CHARGES; OVERHEAD EXPENSES
O"ver*head" charges, expenses, etc. (Accounting)

Defn: Those general charges or expenses in any business which cannot
be charged up as belonging exclusively to any particular part of the
work or product, as where different kinds of goods are made, or where
there are different departments in a business; -- called also fixed,
establishment, or (in a manufacturing business) administration,
selling, and distribution, charges, etc.

OVERHEAR
O`ver*hear", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overheard; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overhearing.] Etym: [AS. oferhiéran.]

1. To hear more of (anything) than was intended to be heard; to hear
by accident or artifice. Shak.

2. To hear again. ShaK.

OVERHEAT
O`ver*heat", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Superheat.]

Defn: To heat to excess; to superheat. Cowper.

OVERHEAVY
O"ver*heav`y, a.

Defn: Excessively heavy.

OVERHELE
O`ver*hele", v. t. Etym: [AS. oferhelian.]

Defn: To hele or cover over. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

OVERHENT
O`ver*hent", v. t. Etym: [See Hent.]

Defn: To overtake. [Obs.]
So forth he went and soon them overhent. Spenser.

OVERHIGH
O"ver*high", a. Etym: [AS. oferheáh.]

Defn: Too high.

OVERHIGHLY
O"ver*high"ly, adv.

Defn: Too highly; too greatly.

OVERHIP
O`ver*hip", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overhipped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overhipping.] Etym: [Over + a word akin to E. hop to skip.]

Defn: To pass over by, or as by a hop; to skip over; hence, to
overpass. [Obs.] "When the time is overhipt." Holland.

OVERHOLD
O`ver*hold", v. t.

Defn: To hold or value too highly; to estimate at too dear a rate.
[Obs.] Shak.

OVERHUNG
O"ver*hung", a.

1. Covered over; ornamented with hangings. Carlyle.

2. Suspended from above or from the top. Overhung door, a sliding
door, suspended door, suspended from the top, as upon rollers.

OVERINFLUENCE
O`ver*in"flu*ence, v. t.

Defn: To influence in an excessive degree; to have undue influence
over.

OVERINFORM
O`ver*in*form", v. t.

Defn: To inform, fill, or animate, excessively. [R.] Johnson.

OVERISSUE
O"ver*is"sue, n.

Defn: An excessive issue; an issue, as of notes or bonds, exceeding
the limit of capital, credit, or authority.
An overissue of government paper. Brougham.

OVERISSUE
O`ver*is"sue, v. t.

Defn: To issue in excess.

OVERJEALOUS
O`ver*jeal"ous, a. Etym: [Over + jealous. Cf. Overzealous.]

Defn: Excessively jealous; too jealous.

OVERJOY
O`ver*joy", v. t.

Defn: To make excessively joyful; to gratify extremely.

OVERJOY
O"ver*joy`, n.

Defn: Excessive joy; transport.

OVERJUMP
O`ver*jump", v. t.

Defn: To jump over; hence, to omit; to ignore. Marston.

OVERKING
O"ver*king`, n.

Defn: A king who has sovereignty over inferior kings or ruling
princes. J. R. Green.

OVERKNOWING
O"ver*know"ing, a.

Defn: Too knowing or too cunning.

OVERLABOR
O`ver*la"bor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overlabored; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overlaboring.]

1. To cause to labor excessively; to overwork. Dryden.

2. To labor upon excessively; to refine unduly.

OVERLADE
O`ver*lade", v. t. [imp. Overladed; p. p. Overladen; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overlading.] Etym: [Cf. Overload.]

Defn: To load with too great a cargo; to overburden; to overload.
Spenser.

OVERLAND
O"ver*land`, a.

Defn: Being, or accomplished, over the land, instead of by sea; as,
an overland journey.

OVERLAND
O"ver*land`, adv.

Defn: By, upon, or across, land.

OVERLANDER
O"ver*land`er, n.

Defn: One who travels over lands or countries; one who travels
overland.

OVERLANGUAGED
O"ver*lan"guaged, a.

Defn: Employing too many words; diffuse. Lowell.

OVERLAP
O`ver*lap", v. t. & i.

Defn: To lap over; to lap.

OVERLAP
O"ver*lap`, n.

1. The lapping of one thing over another; as, an overlap of six
inches; an overlap of a slate on a roof.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: An extension of geological beds above and beyond others, as in
a conformable series of beds, when the upper beds extend over a wider
space than the lower, either in one or in all directions.

OVERLARGE
O"ver*large", a.

Defn: Too large; too great.

OVERLARGENESS
O"ver*large"ness, n.

Defn: Excess of size or bulk.

OVERLASH
O`ver*lash", v. i. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. lash extravagant, lashing
lavish.]

Defn: To drive on rashly; to go to excess; hence, to exaggerate; to
boast. [Obs.] Barrow.

OVERLASHING
O`ver*lash"ing, n.

Defn: Excess; exaggeration. [Obs.]

OVERLATE
O"ver*late", a.

Defn: Too late; exceedingly late.

OVERLAVE
O`ver*lave", v. t.

Defn: To lave or bathe over.

OVERLAVISH
O"ver*lav"ish, a.

Defn: Lavish to excess.

OVERLAY
O`ver*lay", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overlaid; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overlaying.]

1. To lay, or spread, something over or across; hence, to cover; to
overwhelm; to press excessively upon.
When any country is overlaid by the multitude which live upon it. Sir
W. Raleigh.
As when a cloud his beams doth overlay. Spenser.
Framed of cedar overlaid with gold. Milton.
And overlay With this portentous bridge the dark abyss. Milton.

2. To smother with a close covering, or by lying upon.
This woman's child died in the night; because she overlaid it. 1
Kings iii. 19.
A heap of ashes that o'erlays your fire. Dryden.

3. (Printing)

Defn: To put an overlay on.

OVERLAY
O"ver*lay`, n.

1. A covering. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Printing)

Defn: A piece of paper pasted upon the tympan sheet to improve the
impression by making it stronger at a particular place.

OVERLAYER
O"ver*lay"er, n.

Defn: One who overlays; that with which anything is overlaid.

OVERLAYING
O"ver*lay"ing, n.

Defn: A superficial covering; a coating.

OVERLEAD
O`ver*lead", v. t.

Defn: To domineer over; to affront; to treat with indignity. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

OVERLEAP
O`ver*leap", v. t. Etym: [AS. oferhleápan. See Over, and Leap.]

Defn: To leap over or across; hence, to omit; to ignore. "Let me
o'erleap that custom." Shak.

OVERLEARNED
O"ver*learn"ed, a.

Defn: Too learned.
 -- O"ver*learn"ed, adv.
 -- O"ver*learn"ed*ness, n.

OVERLEATHER
O"ver*leath`er, n.

Defn: Upper leather. Shak.

OVERLEAVEN
O`ver*leav"en, v. t.

Defn: To leaven too much; hence, to change excessively; to spoil.
[Obs.]

OVERLIBERAL
O"ver*lib"er*al, a.

Defn: Too liberal.

OVERLIBERALLY
O"ver*lib"er*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an overliberal manner.

OVERLICK
O`ver*lick", v. t.

Defn: To lick over.

OVERLIE
O`ver*lie", v. t. [imp. Overlay; p. p. Overlain; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overlying.]

Defn: To lie over or upon; specifically, to suffocate by lying upon;
as, to overlie an infant. Quain.
A woman by negligence overlieth her child in her sleeping. Chaucer.

OVERLIGHT
O"ver*light`, n.

Defn: Too strong a light. Bacon.

OVERLIGHT
O"ver*light", a.

Defn: Too light or frivolous; giddy.

OVERLINESS
O"ver*li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being overly; carelessness. [Obs.] Bp.
Hall.

OVERLINGER
O"ver*lin"ger, v. t.

Defn: To cause to linger; to detain too long. [Obs.] Fuller.

OVERLIP
O"ver*lip`, n. Etym: [AS. oferlibban.]

Defn: The upper lip. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OVERLIVE
O`ver*live", v. t.

Defn: To outlive. Sir P. Sidney.
The culture of Northumbria overlived the term of its political
supermacy. Earle.

OVERLIVE
O`ver*live", v. i.

Defn: To live too long, too luxuriously, or too actively. Milton.
"Overlived in this close London life." Mrs. Browning.

OVERLIVER
O"ver*liv"er, n.

Defn: A survivor. Bacon.

OVERLOAD
O`ver*load", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overloaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overloading.] Etym: [Cf. Overlade.]

Defn: To load or fill to excess; to load too heavily.

OVERLOAD
O"ver*load`, n.

Defn: An excessive load; the excess beyond a proper load.

OVERLOGICAL
O"ver*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Excessively logical; adhering too closely to the forms or rules
of logic.

OVERLONG
O"ver*long", a. & adv.

Defn: Too long. Shak.

OVERLOOK
O`ver*look", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overlooked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overlooking.]

1. To look down upon from a place that is over or above; to look over
or view from a higher position; to rise above, so as to command a
view of; as, to overlook a valley from a hill. "The pile o'erlooked
the town." Dryden.
[Titan] with burning eye did hotly overlook them. Shak.

2. Hence: To supervise; to watch over; sometimes, to observe
secretly; as, to overlook a gang of laborers; to overlook one who is
writing a letter.

3. To inspect; to examine; to look over carefully or repeatedly.
"Overlook this pedigree." Shak.
The time and care that are required To overlook and file and polish
well. Roscommon.

4. To look upon with an evil eye; to bewitch by looking upon; to
fascinate. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Shak.
If you trouble me I will overlook you, and then your pigs will die.
C. Kingsley.

5. To look over and beyond (anything) without seeing it; to miss or
omit in looking; hence, to refrain from bestowing notice or attention
upon; to neglect; to pass over without censure or punishment; to
excuse.
The times of ignorance therefore God overlooked. Acts xvii. 30 (Rev.
Ver. )
They overlook truth in the judgments they pass. Atterbury.
The pardoning and overlooking of faults. Addison.

OVERLOOKER
O"ver*look"er, n.

Defn: One who overlooks.

OVERLOOP
O"ver*loop`, n.

Defn: See Orlop. [Obs.]

OVERLORD
O"ver*lord`, n.

Defn: One who is lord over another or others; a superior lord; a
master. Freeman.

OVERLORDSHIP
O"ver*lord"ship, n.

Defn: Lordship or supremacy of a person or a people over others. J.
R. Green.

OVERLOUD
O"ver*loud", a.

Defn: Too loud; noisy.

OVERLOVE
O`ver*love", v. t.

Defn: To love to excess.

OVERLUSCIOUS
O"ver*lus"cious, a.

Defn: Excessively luscious.

OVERLUSTY
O"ver*lust"y, a.

Defn: Too lusty, or lively. Shak.

OVERLY
O"ver*ly, a.

1. Careless; negligent; inattentive; superfical; not thorough.
[Archaic] Bp. Hall.

2. Excessive; too much. [R.] Coleridge.

OVERLY
O"ver*ly, adv.

Defn: In an overly manner. [Archaic]

OVERLYING
O`ver*ly"ing, a.

Defn: Lying over or upon something; as, overlying rocks.

OVERMAGNIFY
O`ver*mag"ni*fy, v. t.

Defn: To magnify too much. Bp. Hall.

OVERMALAPERT
O"ver*mal"a*pert, a.

Defn: Excessively malapert or impudent. [Obs.] Prynne.

OVERMAN
O"ver*man, n.; pl. -men.

1. One in authority over others; a chief; usually, an overseer or
boss.

2.  An arbiter.

3.  In the philosophy of Nietzsche, a man of superior physique and
powers capable of dominating others; one fitted to survive in an
egoistic struggle for the mastery.

OVERMANNER
O"ver*man`ner, adv.

Defn: In an excessive manner; excessively. [Obs.] Wiclif.

OVERMARCH
O`ver*march", v. t. & i.

Defn: To march too far, or too much; to exhaust by marching. Baker.

OVERMAST
O`ver*mast", v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To furnish (a vessel) with too long or too heavy a mast or
masts.

OVERMASTER
O`ver*mas"ter, v. t.

Defn: To overpower; to subdue; to vanquish; to govern.

OVERMATCH
O`ver*match", v. t.

1. To be more than equal to or a match for; hence, to vanquish.
Drayton.

2. To marry (one) to a superior. [Obs.] Burton.

OVERMATCH
O"ver*match`, n.

Defn: One superior in power; also, an unequal match; a contest in
which one of the opponents is overmatched. Milton. D. Webster.

OVERMEASURE
O`ver*meas"ure, v. t.

Defn: To measure or estimate too largely.

OVERMEASURE
O"ver*meas`ure, n.

Defn: Excessive measure; the excess beyond true or proper measure;
surplus.

OVERMEDDLE
O`ver*med"dle, v. t.

Defn: To meddle unduly.

OVERMEDDLING
O`ver*med"dling, n.

Defn: Excessive interference. "Justly shent for their overmeddling."
Fuller.

OVERMELLOW
O"ver*mel"low, a.

Defn: Too mellow; overripe.

OVERMERIT
O"ver*mer"it, n.

Defn: Excessive merit. Bacon.

OVERMICKLE
O"ver*mic"kle, a. & adv.

Defn: Overmuch. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

OVERMIX
O`ver*mix", v. t.

Defn: To mix with too much.

OVERMODEST
O"ver*mod"est, a.

Defn: Modest to excess; bashful.
 -- O"ver*mod"est*ly, adv.

OVERMOIST
O"ver*moist", a.

Defn: Excessively moist. Bacon.

OVERMOISTURE
O"ver*mois"ture, n.

Defn: Excess of moisture.

OVERMORE
O"ver*more", adv.

Defn: Beyond; moreover. [Obs.]

OVERMORROW
O"ver*mor"row, n.

Defn: The day after or following to-morrow. [Obs.] Bible (1551).

OVERMOST
O"ver*most`, a.

Defn: Over the rest in authority; above all others; highest. [Obs.]
Fabyan.

OVERMOUNT
O`ver*mount", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Surmount.]

Defn: To mount over; to go higher than; to rise above.

OVERMUCH
O"ver*much", a.

Defn: Too much.
 -- adv.

Defn: In too great a degree; too much.
 -- n.

Defn: An excess; a surplus.

OVERMUCHNESS
O`ver*much"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being in excess; superabundance. [R.]
B. Jonson.

OVERMULTIPLY
O`ver*mul"ti*ply, v. t. & i.

Defn: To multiply or increase too much; to repeat too often.

OVERMULTITUDE
O`ver*mul"ti*tude, v. t.

Defn: To outnumber. [Obs.]

OVERNAME
O`ver*name", v. t.

Defn: To name over or in a series; to recount. [Obs.] Shak.

OVERNEAT
O"ver*neat", a.

Defn: Excessively neat. Spectator.

OVERNICE
O"ver*nice", a.

Defn: Excessively nice; fastidious. Bp. Hall.
 -- O"ver*nice"ly, adv.
 -- O"ver*nice"ness, n.

OVERNIGHT
O"ver*night`, n.

Defn: The fore part of the night last past; the previous evening.
[R.] Shak.

OVERNIGHT
O"ver*night", adv.

Defn: In the fore part of the night last past; in the evening before;
also, during the night; as, the candle will not last overnight.
I had been telling her all that happened overnight. Dickens.

OVERNOISE
O`ver*noise", v. t.

Defn: To overpower by noise.

OVERNUMEROUS
O"ver*nu"mer*ous, a.

Defn: Excessively numerous; too many.

OVEROFFICE
O`ver*of"fice, v. t.

Defn: To domineer over by virtue of office. [Obs.] Shak.

OVEROFFICIOUS
O"ver*of*fi"cious, a.

Defn: Too busy; too ready to intermeddle; too officious. Collier.

OVERPAINT
O`ver*paint", v. t.

Defn: To color or describe too strongly. Sir W. Raleigh.

OVERPAMPER
O`ver*pam"per, v. t.

Defn: To pamper excessively; to feed or dress too much. Dryton.

OVERPART
O`ver*part", v. t.

Defn: To give too important or difficult a part to. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

OVERPASS
O`ver*pass", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overpassed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overpassing.] Etym: [Cf. Surpass.]

1. To go over or beyond; to cross; as, to overpass a river; to
overpass limits.

2. To pass over; to omit; to overlook; to disregard.
All the beauties of the East He slightly viewed and slightly
overpassed. Milton.

3. To surpass; to excel. [R.] R. Browning.

OVERPASS
O`ver*pass", v. i.

Defn: To pass over, away, or off.

OVERPASSIONATE
O"ver*pas"sion*ate, a.

Defn: Passionate to excess.
 -- O"ver*pas"sion*ate*ly, adv.

OVERPATIENT
O"ver*pa"tient, a.

Defn: Patient to excess.

OVERPAY
O`ver*pay", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overpaid; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overpaying.]

Defn: To pay too much to; to reward too highly.

OVERPEER
O`ver*peer", v. t.

Defn: To peer over; to rise above.

OVERPEOPLE
O`ver*peo"ple, v. t.

Defn: To people too densely.

OVERPERCH
O`ver*perch", v. t.

Defn: To perch upon; to fly over. [Obs.] Shak.

OVERPERSUADE
O`ver*per*suade", v. t.

Defn: To persuade or influence against one's inclination or judgment.
Pope.

OVERPESTER
O`ver*pes"ter, v. t.

Defn: To pester exceedingly or excessively. Sir W. Raleigh.

OVERPICTURE
O`ver*pic"ture, v. t.

Defn: To surpass nature in the picture or representation of. [Obs.]
"O'erpicturing that Venus." Shak.

OVERPLEASE
O`ver*please", v. t.

Defn: To please excessively.

OVERPLUS
O"ver*plus, n. Etym: [Over + L. plus more. See Plus, and cf.
Surplus.]

Defn: That which remains after a supply, or beyond a quantity
proposed; surplus. Shak. "The overplus of a great fortune." Addison.

OVERPLY
O`ver*ply", v. t.

Defn: To ply to excess; to exert with too much vigor; to overwork.
Milton.

OVERPOISE
O`ver*poise", v. t.

Defn: To outweigh; to overbalance. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

OVERPOISE
O"ver*poise`, n.

Defn: Preponderant weight; a counterbalance. [R.] Mrs. Browning.

OVERPOLISH
O`ver*pol"ish, v. t.

Defn: To polish too much.

OVERPONDEROUS
O"ver*pon"der*ous, a.

Defn: Too heavy.

OVERPOST
O`ver*post", v. t.

Defn: To post over; to pass over swiftly, as by post. Shak.

OVERPOTENT
O"ver*po"tent, a.

Defn: Too potent or powerful.

OVERPOWER
O`ver*pow"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overpowered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overpowering.]

Defn: To excel or exceed in power; to cause to yield; to vanquish; to
subdue; as, the light overpowers the eyes. "And overpower'd that
gallant few." Wordsworth.

Syn.
 -- To overbear; overcome; vanquish; defeat; crush; overwhelm;
overthrow; rout; conquer; subdue.

OVERPOWER
O"ver*pow`er, n.

Defn: A dominating power. Bacon.

OVERPOWERING
O`ver*pow"er*ing, a.

Defn: Excelling in power; too powerful; irresistible.
 -- O`ver*pow"er*ing*ly, adv.

OVERPRAISE
O`ver*praise", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Overprize, Superpraise.]

Defn: To praise excessively or unduly.

OVERPRAISING
O`ver*prais"ing, n.

Defn: The act of praising unduly; excessive praise. Milton.

OVERPRESS
O`ver*press", v. t.

1. To bear upon with irresistible force; to crush; to overwhelm.
Shak.

2. To overcome by importunity. Johnson.

OVERPRESSURE
O"ver*pres"sure, n.

Defn: Excessive pressure or urging. London Athenæum.

OVERPRIZE
O`ver*prize", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Overpraise.]

Defn: Toprize excessively; to overvalue. Sir H. Wotton.

OVERPRODUCTION
O"ver*pro*duc"tion, n.

Defn: Excessive production; supply beyond the demand. J. S. Mill.

OVERPROMPT
O"ver*prompt", a.

Defn: Too prompt; too ready or eager; precipitate.
 -- O`ver*prompt"ness, n.

OVERPROOF
O"ver*proof", a.

Defn: Containing more alcohol than proof spirit; stronger than proof
spirit; that is, containing more than 49.3 per cent by weight of
alcohol.

OVERPROPORTION
O`ver*pro*por"tion, v. t.

Defn: To make of too great proportion.

OVERPROUD
O"ver*proud", a.

Defn: Exceedingly or unduly proud. "Overproud of his victory."
Milton.

OVERPROVIDENT
O"ver*prov"i*dent, a.

Defn: Too provident.

OVERPROVOKE
O`ver*pro*voke", v. t.

Defn: To provoke excessively. Bp. Hall.

OVERQUELL
O`ver*quell", v. t.

Defn: To quell or subdue completely. [R.] Bp. Hall.

OVERQUIETNESS
O"ver*qui"et*ness, n.

Defn: Too much quietness. Sir. T. Browne.

OVERRAKE
O`ver*rake", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overraked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overraking.] (Naut.)

Defn: To rake over, or sweep across, from end to end, as waves that
break over a vessel anchored with head to the sea.

OVERRANK
O"ver*rank", a.

Defn: Too rank or luxuriant.

OVERRATE
O`ver*rate", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overrating.]

Defn: To rate or value too highly.

OVERRATE
O"ver*rate`, n.

Defn: An excessive rate. [R.] Massinger.

OVERREACH
O`ver*reach", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overreached, (Overraught (, obs.);
p. pr. & vb. n. Overreaching.]

1. To reach above or beyond in any direction.

2. To deceive, or get the better of, by artifice or cunning; to
outwit; to cheat. Shak.

OVERREACH
O`ver*reach", v. i.

1. To reach too far; as:
(a) To strike the toe of the hind foot against the heel or shoe of
the forefoot; -- said of horses.
(b) (Naut.) To sail on one tack farther than is necessary. Shak.

2. To cheat by cunning or deception.

OVERREACH
O"ver*reach`, n.

Defn: The act of striking the heel of the fore foot with the toe of
the hind foot; -- said of horses.

OVERREACHER
O`ver*reach"er, n.

Defn: One who overreaches; one who cheats; a cheat.

OVERREAD
O`ver*read", v. t.

Defn: To read over, or peruse. Shak.

OVERREADY
O"ver*read"y, a.

Defn: Too ready.
 -- O"ver*read"*i*ly, adv.
 -- O"ver*read"i*ness, n.

OVERRECKON
O`ver*reck"on, v. t.

Defn: To reckon too highly.

OVERRED
O`ver*red", v. t.

Defn: To smear with red. [Obs.]

OVERREFINE
O`ver*re*fine", v. t.

Defn: To refine too much.

OVERREFINEMENT
O"ver*re*fine"ment, n.

Defn: Excessive refinement.

OVERRENT
O`ver*rent", v. t.

Defn: To rent for too much.

OVERRICH
O"ver*rich", a.

Defn: Exccessively rich.

OVERRIDE
O`ver*ride", v. t. [imp. Overrode; p. p. Overridden, Overrode,
Overrid (; p. pr. & vb. n. Overriding.] Etym: [AS. offeridan.]

1. To ride over or across; to ride upon; to trample down.
The carter overridden with [i. e., by] his cart. Chaucer.

2. To suppress; to destroy; to supersede; to annul; as, one low
overrides another; to override a veto.

3. To ride beyond; to pass; to outride. [Obs.]
I overrode him on the way. Shak.

4. To ride too much; to ride, as a horse, beyond its strength.

OVERRIGGED
O"ver*rigged", a.

Defn: Having too much rigging.

OVERRIGHTEOUS
O"ver*right"eous, a.

Defn: Excessively righteous; -- usually implying hypocrisy.

OVERRIGID
O"ver*rig"id, a.

Defn: Too rigid; too severe.

OVERRIGOROUS
O"ver*rig"or*ous, a.

Defn: Too rigorous; harsh.

OVERRIPE
O"ver*ripe", a.

Defn: Matured to excess. Milton.

OVERRIPEN
O`ver*rip"en, v. t.

Defn: To make too ripe. Shak.

OVERROAST
O`ver*roast", v. t.

Defn: To roast too much. Shak.

OVERRULE
O`ver*rule", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overruled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overruling.]

1. To rule over; to govern or determine by superior authority.

2. To rule or determine in a contrary way; to decide against; to
abrogate or alter; as, God overrules the purposes of men; the
chairman overruled the point of order.
His passion and animosity overruled his conscience. Clarendon.
These [difficulties] I had habitually overruled. F. W. Newman.

3. (Law)

Defn: To supersede, reject, annul, or rule against; as, the plea, or
the decision, was overruled by the court.

OVERRULE
O`ver*rule", v. i.

Defn: To be superior or supreme in rulling or controlling; as, God
rules and overrules. Shak.

OVERRULER
O`ver*rul"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, controls, governs, or determines. Sir
P. Sidney.

OVERRULING
O`ver*rul"ing, a.

Defn: Exerting controlling power; as, an overruling Providence.
 -- O`ver*rul"ing*ly, adv.

OVERRUN
O`ver*run", v. t. [imp. Overran; p. p. Overrun; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overrunning. ]

1. To run over; to grow or spread over in excess; to invade and
occupy; to take possession of; as, the vine overran its trellis; the
farm is overrun with witch grass.
Those barbarous nations that overran the world. Spenser.

2. To exceed in distance or speed of running; to go beyond or pass in
running.
Ahimaaz run by the way of the plain, and overran Cushi. 2 Sam. xviii.
23.

3. To go beyond; to extend in part beyond; as, one line overruns
another in length.

Note: In machinery, a sliding piece is said to overrun its bearing
when its forward end goes beyond it.

4. To abuse or oppress, as if by treading upon.
None of them the feeble overran. Spenser.

5. (Print.)
(a) To carry over, or back, as type, from one line or page into the
next after, or next before.
(b) To extend the contents of (a line, column, or page) into the next
line, column, or page.

OVERRUN
O`ver*run", v. i.

1. To run, pass, spread, or flow over or by something; to be beyond,
or in excess.
Despised and trodden down of all that overran. Spenser.

2. (Print.)

Defn: To extend beyond its due or desired length; as, a line, or
advertisement, overruns.

OVERRUNNER
O`ver*run"ner, n.

Defn: One that overruns. Lovelace.

OVERSATURATE
O`ver*sat"u*rate, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Supersaturate.]

Defn: To saturate to excess.

OVERSAY
O`ver*say", v. t.

Defn: To say over; to repeat. Ford.

OVERSCENTED
O`ver*scent"ed, a.

1. Scented excessively.

2. Covered or concealed by a different odor. Fuller.

OVERSCRUPULOSITY
O`ver*scru`pu*los"i*ty, n.

Defn: Overscrupulousness.

OVERSCRUPULOUS
O`ver*scru"pu*lous, a.

Defn: Scrupulous to excess.

OVERSCRUPULOUSNESS
O`ver*scru"pu*lous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being overscrupulous; excess of
scrupulousness.

OVERSEA
O"ver*sea", a.

Defn: Beyond the sea; foreign.

OVERSEA; OVERSEAS
O"ver*sea", O"ver*seas", adv.

Defn: Over the sea; abroad. Milton. Tennyson.

OVERSEARCH
O`ver*search", v. t.

Defn: To search all over.

OVERSEASON
O`ver*sea"son, v. t.

Defn: To season too highly.

OVERSEE
O`ver*see", v. t. [imp. Oversaw; p. p. Overseen; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overseeing.] Etym: [AS. oferséon to survey, to despise. See Over, and
See.]

1. To superintend; to watch over; to direct; to look or see after; to
overlook.

2. To omit or neglect seeing. Spenser.

OVERSEE
O`ver*see", v. i.

Defn: To see too or too much; hence, to be deceived. [Obs.]
The most expert gamesters may sometimes oversee. Fuller.
Your partiality to me is much overseen, if you think me fit to
correct your Latin. Walpole.

OVERSEER
O`ver*seer", n.

Defn: One who oversees; a superintendent; a supervisor; as, an
overseer of a mill; specifically, one or certain public officers; as,
an overseer of the poor; an overseer of highways.

OVERSEERSHIP
O`ver*seer"ship, n.

Defn: The office of an overseer.

OVERSELL
O`ver*sell`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oversold; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overselling. ]

1. To sell for a higher price than; to exceed in selling price.
One whose beauty Would oversell all Italy. Beau. & Fl.

2. To sell beyond means of delivery. [Brokers'Cant] Oversold market
(Brokers' Cant), a market in which stocks or commodities have been
sold "short" to such an extent that it is difficult to obtain them
for delivery.

OVERSET
O`ver*set", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overset; p. pr. & vb. n. Oversetting.
]

1. To turn or tip (anything) over from an upright, or a proper,
position so that it lies upon its side or bottom upwards; to upset;
as, to overset a chair, a coach, a ship, or a building. Dryden.

2. To cause to fall, or to tail; to subvert; to overthrow; as, to
overset a government or a plot. Addison.

3. To fill too full. [Obs.] Howell.

OVERSET
O`ver*set", v. i.

Defn: To turn, or to be turned, over; to be upset. Mortimer.

OVERSET
O"ver*set`, n.

1. An upsetting; overturn; overthrow; as, the overset of a carriage.

2. An excess; superfluity. [Obs.] "This overset of wealth and pomp. "
Bp. Burnel.

OVERSHADE
O`ver*shade`, v. t. Etym: [AS. ofersceadwian. See Over, and Shade,
and cf. Overshadow.]

Defn: To cover with shade; to render dark or gloomy; to overshadow.
Shak.

OVERSHADOW
O`ver*shad"ow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overshadowed(); p. pr. & vb. n.
Overshadowing. ] Etym: [Cf. Overshade. ]

1. To throw a shadow, or shade, over; to darken; to obscure.
There was a cloud that overshadowed them. Mark ix. 7.

2. Fig.: To cover with a superior influence. Milton.

OVERSHADOWER
O"ver*shad"ow*er, n.

Defn: One that throws a shade, or shadow, over anything. Bacon.

OVERSHADOWY
O"ver*shad"ow*y, a.

Defn: Overshadowing. [R.]

OVERSHAKE
O`ver*shake", v. t.

Defn: To shake over or away; to drive away; to disperse. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

OVERSHINE
O`ver*shine", v. t.

1. To shine over or upon; to illumine. Shak.

2. To excel in shining; to outshine. Shak.

OVERSHOE
O"ver*shoe`, n.

Defn: A shoe that is worn over another for protection from wet or for
extra warmth; esp., an India-rubber shoe; a galoche.

OVERSHOOT
O`ver*shoot", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overshot; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overshooting.]

1. To shoot over or beyond. "Not to overshoot his game." South.

2. To pass swiftly over; to fly beyond. Hartle.

3. To exceed; as, to overshoot the truth. Cowper. To overshoot one's
self, to venture too far; to assert too much.

OVERSHOOT
O`ver*shoot", v. i.

Defn: To fly beyond the mark. Collier.

OVERSHOT
O"ver*shot`, a.

Defn: From Overshoot, v. t. Overshot wheel, a vertical water wheel,
the circumference of which is covered with cavities or buckets, and
which is turned by water which shoots over the top of it, filling the
buckets on the farther side and acting chiefly by its we'ght.

OVERSIGHT
O"ver*sight`, n.

1. Watchful care; superintendence; general supervision.

2. An overlooking; an omission; an error. Hooker.

3. Escape from an overlooked peril. [R.] "His fool-happy oversight."
Spenser.

Syn.
 -- Superintendence; supervision; inspection; overlooking;
inadvertence; neglect; mistake; error; omission.

OVERSIZE
O`ver*size", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in size.

OVERSIZE
O`ver*size", v. t.

Defn: To cover with viscid matter. [R.]
O'ersized with coagulate gore. Shak.

OVERSKIP
O`ver*skip", v. t.

Defn: To skip or leap over; to treat with indifference. Shak.

OVERSKIRT
O"ver*skirt`, n.

Defn: An upper skirt, shorter than the dress, and usually draped.

OVERSLAUGH
O"ver*slaugh`, n. Etym: [D. overslag.]

Defn: A bar in a river; as, the overslaugh in the Hudson River.
[Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

OVERSLAUGH
O`ver*slaugh", v. t. Etym: [D. overslaan.]

Defn: To hinder or stop, as by an overslaugh or an impediment; as, to
overslaugh a bill in a legislative body; to overslaugh a military
officer, that is, to hinder his promotion or employment. [Local Cant,
U. S.]

OVERSLEEP
O`ver*sleep", v. t.

Defn: To sleep beyond; as, to oversleep one's self or one's usual
hour of rising.

OVERSLEEP
O`ver*sleep", v. i.

Defn: To sleep too long.

OVERSLIDE
O`ver*slide", v. t.

Defn: To slide over or by.

OVERSLIP
O`ver*slip", v. t.

Defn: To slip or slide over; to pass easily or carelessly beyond; to
omit; to neglect; as, to overslip time or opportunity.

OVERSLOP
O"ver*slop`, n. Etym: [AS. oferslop.]

Defn: An outer garment, or slop. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OVERSLOW
O`ver*slow", v. t.

Defn: To render slow; to check; to curb. [Obs.] Hammond.

OVERSLOW
O"ver*slow", a.

Defn: Too slow.

OVERSMAN
O"vers*man, n.; pl. Oversmen (.

1. An overseer; a superintendent.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: An umpire; a third arbiter, appointed when two arbiters,
previously selected, disagree.

OVERSNOW
O`ver*snow", v. t.

Defn: To cover with snow, or as with snow. [Poetic] Shak. Dryden.

OVERSOON
O"ver*soon", adv.

Defn: Too soon. Sir P. Sidney.

OVERSORROW
O`ver*sor"row, v. t.

Defn: To grieve or afflict to excess. [Obs.] Milton.

OVERSOUL
O"ver*soul`, n.

Defn: The all-containing soul. [R.]
That unity, that oversout, within which every man's particular being
is contained and made one with all other. Emerson.

OVERSOW
O`ver*sow", v. t. Etym: [AS. ofersawan.]

Defn: To sow where something has already been sown. [R.]
His enemy came and oversowed cockle among the wheat. Matt. x

OVERSPAN
O`ver*span", v. t.

Defn: To reach or extend over.

OVERSPEAK
O`ver*speak", v. t. & i. Etym: [AS. ofersprecan.]

Defn: To exceed in speaking; to speak too much; to use too many
words.

OVERSPIN
O`ver*spin", v. t.

Defn: To spin out to too great length; to protract unduly. W.
Cartwright.

OVERSPREAD
O`ver*spread", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overspread; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overspreading.] Etym: [AS. oferspr.]

Defn: To spread over; to cover; as, the deluge overspread the earth.
Chaucer.
Those nations of the North Which overspread the world. Drayton.

OVERSPREAD
O`ver*spread", v. i.

Defn: To be spread or scattered over.

OVERSPRING
O`ver*spring", v. t.

Defn: To spring or leap over.

OVERSTAND
O`ver*stand", v. t.

Defn: To stand on the price or conditions of, so as to lose a sale;
to lose by an extravagant price or hard conditions. [Obs.]
What madman would o'erstand his market twice Dryden.

OVERSTARE
O`ver*stare", v. t.

Defn: To outstare. [Obs.] Shak.

OVERSTARE
O`ver*stare", v. i.

Defn: To stare wildly. [Obs.] Ascham.

OVERSTATE
O`ver*state", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overstated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overstating.]

Defn: To state in too strong terms; to exaggerate. Fuller.

OVERSTATEMENT
O"ver*state"ment, n.

Defn: An exaggerated statement or account.

OVERSTAY
O`ver*stay", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overstayed or Overstaid (; p. pr. &
vb. n. Overstaying.]

Defn: To stay beyond the time or the limits of; as, to overstay the
appointed time. Bp. Hall.

OVERSTEP
O`ver*step", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overstepped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overstepping.] Etym: [AS. ofersteppan.]

Defn: To step over or beyond; to transgress. Shak.

OVERSTOCK
O"ver*stock`, n.

Defn: Stock in excess. Tatler.

OVERSTOCK
O`ver*stock", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overstocked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overstocking.]

Defn: To fill too full; to supply in excess; as, to overstock a
market with goods, or a farm with cattle.

OVERSTORE
O`ver*store", v. t.

Defn: To overstock. Sir. M. Hale.

OVER-STORY
O`ver-sto`ry, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The clearstory, or upper story, of a building.

OVERSTRAIN
O`ver*strain", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Overstrained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overstraining.]

Defn: To strain one's self to excess. Dryden.

OVERSTRAIN
O`ver*strain", v. t.

Defn: To stretch or strain too much; as to overstrain one's nerves.
Ayliffe.

OVERSTRAITLY
O`ver*strait"ly, adv.

Defn: Too straitly or strictly. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

OVERSTRAW
O`ver*straw", v. t.

Defn: To overstrew. [Obs.] Shak.

OVERSTREW
O`ver*strew", v. t.

Defn: To strew or scatter over.

OVERSTRICT
O"ver*strict", a.

Defn: Excessively strict.

OVERSTRIDE
O`ver*stride", v. t.

Defn: To stride over or beyond.

OVERSTRIKE
O`ver*strike", v. t.

Defn: To strike beyond. [Obs.]

OVERSTROW
O`ver*strow", v. t.

Defn: See Overstrew.

OVERSTUDIOUS
O"ver*stu"di*ous, a.

Defn: Too studious.

OVERSUBTILE
O"ver*sub"tile, a.

Defn: Excessively subtile.

OVERSUM
O"ver*sum`, n.

Defn: A sum or quantity over; surplus. [Obs.] Holinshed.

OVERSUPPLY
O`ver*sup*ply", v. t.

Defn: To supply in excess.

OVERSUPPLY
O"ver*sup*ply`, n.

Defn: An excessive supply.
A general oversupply or excess of all commodities. J. S. Mill.

OVERSURE
O"ver*sure", a.

Defn: Excessively sure.

OVERSWAY
O`ver*sway", v. t.

Defn: To bear sway over.

OVERSWELL
O`ver*swell", v. t. & i.

Defn: To swell or rise above; to overflow. [R.] Shak.

OVERT
O"vert, a. Etym: [OF. overt, F. ouvert, p. p. of OF. ovrir, F.
ouvrir, to open, of uncertain origin; cf. It. aprire, OIt. also
oprire, L. aperire to open, operire to cover, deoperire to uncover.
Perch. from L. aperire influenced by F. couvrir to cover. Cf.
Aperient, Cover.]

1. Open to view; public; apparent; manifest.
Overt and apparent virtues bring forth praise. Bacon.

2. (Law)

Defn: Not covert; open; public; manifest; as, an overt act of
treason. Macaulay.
No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of
two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court.
Constitution of the U. S.

Note: In criminal law, an overt act is an open done in pursuance and
manifestation of a criminal design; the mere design or intent not
being punishable without such act. In English law, market overt is an
open market; a pound overt is an open, uncovered pound.

OVERTAKE
O`ver*take", v. t. [imp. Overtook; p. p. Overtaken; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overtaking.]

1. To come up with in a course, pursuit, progress, or motion; to
catch up with.
Follow after the men; and when thou dost overtake them, say . . .
Wherefore have ye rewarded evil for good. Gen. xliv. 4.
He had him overtaken in his flight. Spenser.

2. To come upon from behind; to discover; to surprise; to capture; to
overcome.
If a man be overtaken in a fault. Gal. vi. 1
I shall see The winged vengeance overtake such children. Shak.

3. Hence, figuratively, in the past participle (overtaken), drunken.
[Obs.] Holland.

OVERTALK
O`ver*talk", v. i.

Defn: To talk to excess. Milton.

OVERTASK
O`ver*task", v. t.

Defn: To task too heavily.

OVERTAX
O`ver*tax", v. t.

Defn: To tax or to task too heavily.

OVERTEDIOUS
O`ver*te"di*ous, a.

Defn: Too tedious.

OVERTEMPT
O`ver*tempt", v. t.

Defn: To tempt exceedingly, or beyond the power of resistance.
Milton.

OVERTHROW
O`ver*throw", v. t. [imp. Overthrew; p. p. Overthrown; p. pr. & vb.
n. Overthrowing.]

1. To throw over; to overturn; to upset; to turn upside down.
His wife overthrew the table. Jer. Taylor.

2. To cause to fall or to fail; to subvert; to defeat; to make a ruin
of; to destroy.
When the walls of Thebes he overthrew. Dryden.
[Gloucester] that seeks to overthrow religion. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To demolish; overturn; prostrate; destroy; ruin; subvert;
overcome; conquer; defeat; discomfit; vanquish; beat; rout.

OVERTHROW
O"ver*throw`, n.

1. The act of overthrowing; the state of being overthrow; ruin.
Your sudden overthrow much rueth me. Spenser.

2.
(a) (Baseball) The act of throwing a ball too high, as over a
player's head.
(b) (Cricket) A faulty return of the ball by a fielder, so that
striker makes an additional run.

OVERTHWART
O"ver*thwart", a.

1. Having a transverse position; placed or situated across; hence,
opposite. "Our overthwart neighbors." Dryden.

2. Crossing in kind or disposition; perverse; adverse; opposing.
"Overthwart humor." Clarendon.

OVERTHWART
O"ver*thwart", adv.

Defn: Across; crosswise; transversely. "Y'clenched overthwart and
endelong." Chaucer.

OVERTHWART
O"ver*thwart", prep.

Defn: Across; from alde to side of. "Huge trees overthwart one
another." Milton.

OVERTHWART
O"ver*thwart`, n.

Defn: That which is overthwart; an adverse circumstance; opposition.
[Obs.] Surrey.

OVERTHWART
, v. t.

Defn: To cross; to oppose. [Obs.]

OVERTHWARTLY
O`ver*thwart"ly, adv.

Defn: In an overthwart manner;across; also, perversely. [Obs.]
Peacham.

OVERTHWARTNESS
O"ver*thwart"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being overthwart; perverseness. [Obs.] Lord
Herbert.

OVERTILT
O`ver*tilt", v. t.

Defn: To tilt over; to overturn.

OVERTIME
O"ver*time`, n.

Defn: Time beyond, or in excess of, a limit; esp., extra working
time.

OVERTIRE
O`ver*tire", v. t.

Defn: To tire to excess; to exhaust.

OVERTIRE
O`ver*tire", v. t.

Defn: To become too tired. Br. Hall.

OVERTITLE
O`ver*ti"tle, v. t.

Defn: To give too high a title to.

OVERTLY
O"vert*ly, adv.

Defn: Publicly; openly.

OVERTOIL
O`ver*toil", v. t.

Defn: To overwork.

OVERTOIL
O`ver*toil", v. t.

Defn: To weary excessively; to exhaust.
Then dozed a while herself, but overtoiled By that day's grief and
travel. Tennyson.

OVERTONE
O"ver*tone`, n. Etym: [A translation of G. oberton. See Over,Tone.]
(Mus.)

Defn: One of the harmonics faintly heard with and above a tone as it
dies away, produced by some aliquot portion of the vibrating sting or
column of air which yields the fundamental tone; one of the natural
harmonic scale of tones, as the octave, twelfth, fifteenth, etc.; an
aliquot or "partial" tone; a harmonic. See Harmonic, and Tone.
Tyndall.

OVERTOP
O`ver*top", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overtopped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overtopping.]

1. To rise above the top of; to exceed in height; to tower above. "To
old Pelion." Shak.

2. To go beyond; to transcend; to transgress.
If kings presume to overtop the law by which they reign, . . . they
are by law to be reduced into order. Milton.

3. To make of less importance, or throw into the background, by
superior excellence; to dwarf; to obscure. Becon.

OVERTOWER
O`ver*tow"er, v. t.

Defn: To tower over or above.

OVERTOWER
O`ver*tow"er, v. i.

Defn: To soar too high. [R.] Fuller.

OVERTRADE
O`ver*trade", v. i.

Defn: To trade beyond one's capital; to buy goods beyond the means of
paying for or seleng them; to overstock the market.

OVERTRADING
O`ver*trad"ing, n.

Defn: The act or practice of buying goods beyond the means of
payment; a glutting of the market.

OVERTREAD
O`ver*tread", v. t. Etym: [AS. oferiredan.]

Defn: To tread over or upon.

OVERTRIP
O`ver*trip", v. t.

Defn: To trip over nimbly.

OVERTROUBLED
O`ver*trou"bled, a.

Defn: Excessively troubled.

OVERTROW
O`ver*trow", v. i.

Defn: To be too trustful or confident; to trust too much. [Obs.]
Wyclif

OVERTRUST
O"ver*trust`, n.

Defn: Excessive confidence.

OVERTRUST
O`ver*trust", v. t. & i.

Defn: To trust too much. Bp. Hall.

OVERTURE
O"ver*ture, Etym: [OF. overture, F. ouverture, fr. OF. ovrir, F.
ouvrir. See Overt.]

1. An opening or aperture; a recess; a recess; a chamber. [Obs.]
Spenser. "The cave's inmost overture." Chapman.

2. Disclosure; discovery; revelation. [Obs.]
It was he That made the overture of thy treasons to us. Shak.

3. A proposal; an offer; a proposition formally submitted for
consideration, acceptance, or rejection. "The great overture of the
gospel." Barrow.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A composition, for a full orchestra, designed as an
introduction to an oratorio, opera, or ballet, or as an independent
piece; -- called in the latter case a concert overture.

OVERTURE
O"ver*ture, v. t.

Defn: To make an overture to; as, to overture a religious body on
some subject.

OVERTURN
O`ver*turn", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overturned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overturning.]

1. To turn or throw from a basis, foundation, or position; to
overset; as, to overturn a carriage or a building.

2. To subvert; to destroy; to overthrow.

3. To overpower; to conquer. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To demolish; overthrow. See Demolish.

OVERTURN
O"ver*turn`, n.

Defn: The act off overturning, or the state of being overturned or
subverted; overthrow; as, an overturn of parties.

OVERTURNABLE
O`ver*turn"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being, or liable to be, overturned or subverted.

OVERTURNER
O`ver*turn"er, n.

Defn: One who overturns. South.

OVERVAIL
O`ver*vail", v. t.

Defn: See Overveil.

OVERVALUATION
O"ver*val`u*a"tion, n.

Defn: Excessive valuation; overestimate.

OVERVALUE
O`ver*val"ue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overvalued; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overvaluing.]

1. To value excessively; to rate at too high a price. "To overvalue
human power." Holyday.

2. To exceed in value. [R.] H. Brooke.

OVERVEIL
O`ver*veil", v. t.

Defn: To veil or cover. Shak.

OVERVIEW
O"ver*view`, n. Etym: [Cf. Survey.]

Defn: An inspection or overlooking. [Obs.] Shak.

OVERVOTE
O`ver*vote", v. t.

Defn: To outvote; to outnumber in votes given. [R.] Eikon Basilike.

OVERWALK
O`ver*walk", v. t.

Defn: To walk over or upon.

OVERWAR
O`ver*war", v. t.

Defn: To defeat. [Obs.] Warner.

OVERWARY
O"ver*wa"ry, a.

Defn: Too wary; too cautious.

OVERWASH
O`ver*wash", v. t.

Defn: To overflow. Holinshed.

OVERWASTED
O`ver*wast"ed, a.

Defn: Wasted or worn out; [Obs.] Drayton.

OVERWATCH
O"ver*watch", v. t.

1. To watch too much.

2. To weary or exhaust by watching. Dryden.

OVERWAX
O`ver*wax", v. i.

Defn: To wax or grow too rapindly or too much. [Obs.] R. of
Gloucester.

OVERWEAK
O"ver*weak", a.

Defn: Too weak; too feeble.

OVERWEAR
O`ver*wear", v. t.

Defn: To wear too much; to wear out. Drayton.

OVERWEARY
O"ver*wea"ry v. t.

Defn: To weary too much; to tire out. Dryden.

OVERWEATHER
O`ver*weath"er, v. t.

Defn: To expose too long to the influence of the weather. [Obs.]
Shak.

OVERWEEN
O`ver*ween", v. t. Etym: [AS. oferw. See Over, and Ween.]

Defn: To think too highly or arrogantly; to regard one's own thinking
or conclusions too highly; hence, to egotistic, arrogant, or rash, in
opinion; to think conceitedly; to presume.
They that overween, And at thy growing virtues fret their spleen.
Milton.

OVERWEENER
O`ver*ween"er, n.

Defn: One who overweens. [R.]
The conceits of warmed or overweening brain. Locke.

OVERWEENING
O`ver*ween"ing, a.

Defn: Unduly confident; arrogant; presumptuous; conceited.
 -- O`ver*ween"ingly, adv. Milton.
 -- O`ver*ween"ing*ness, n.
Here's an overweening rogue. Shak.

OVERWEENING
O`ver*ween"ing, n.

Defn: Conceit; arrogance. Milton.

OVERWEIGH
O`ver*weigh", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in weight; to overbalance; to weigh down. Drayton.
Hooker.

OVERWEIGHT
O"ver*weight`, n.

1. Weight over and above what is required by law or custom.

2. Superabundance of weight; preponderance.

OVERWEIGHT
O"ver*weight", a.

Defn: Overweighing; excessive. [Obs.] "Of no overweight worth."
Fuller.

OVERWELL
O`ver*well", v. t.

Defn: To overflow. R. D. Blackmore.

OVERWET
O"ver*wet, n.

Defn: Excessive wetness. [Obs.]
Another ill accident is, overwet at sowing time. Bacon.

OVERWHELM
O`ver*whelm", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overwhelmed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Overwhelming.]

1. To cover over completely, as by a great wave; to overflow and bury
beneath; to ingulf; hence, figuratively, to immerse and bear down; to
overpower; to crush; to bury; to oppress, etc., overpoweringly.
The sea overwhelmed their enemies. Ps. lxxviii. 53.
Fearfulness and trembling are come upon me, and horror hath
overwhelmed me. Ps. lv. 5.
Foul deeds will rise, Though all the earth o'erwhelm them. Shak.
Gaza yet stands; but all her sons are fallen, All in a moment
overwhelmed and fallen. Milton.

2. To project or impend over threateningly.
His louering brows o'erwhelming his fair sight. Shak.

3. To cause to surround, to cover. Papin.

OVERWHELM
O"ver*whelm`

Defn: , n. The act of overwhelming. [R.]

OVERWHELMING
O`ver*whelm"ing, a.

Defn: Overpowering; irresistible.
 -- O`ver*whelm"ing*ly, adv.

OVERWIND
O`ver*wind", v. t.

Defn: To wind too tightly, as a spring, or too far, as a hoisting
rope on a drum.

OVERWING
O`ver*wing", v. t.

Defn: To outflank. [Obs.] Milton.

OVERWISE
O"ver*wise", a.

Defn: Too wise; affectedly wise.
 -- O`ver*wise"ly, adv.
 -- O`ver*wise"ness, n.

OVERWIT
O`ver*wit", v. t.

Defn: To outwit. Swift.

OVERWORD
O`ver*word", v. t.

Defn: To say in too many words; to express verbosely. Hales.

OVERWORK
O`ver*work", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overworked or Overwrought (; p. pr.
& vb. n. Overworking.]

1. To work beyond the strength; to cause to labor too much or too
long; to tire excessively; as, to overwork a horse.

2. To fill too full of work; to crowd with labor.
My days with toil are overwrought. Longfellow.

3. To decorate all over.

OVERWORK
O`ver*work", v. t.

Defn: To work too much, or beyond one's strength.

OVERWORK
O"ver*work`, n.

Defn: Work in excess of the usual or stipulated time or quantity;
extra work; also, excessive labor.

OVERWORN
O`ver*worn", p. p. & a. from Overwear, v. t.

Defn: Worn out or subdued by toil; worn out so as to be trite.

OVERWREST
O`ver*wrest", v. t.

Defn: To wrest or force from the natural or proper position. Shak.

OVERWRESTLE
O`ver*wres"tle, v. t.

Defn: To subdue by wrestling. [Obs.] Spenser.

OVERWROUGHT
O`ver*wrought, p. p. & a. from Overwork.

Defn: Wrought upon excessively; overworked; overexcited.

OVERZEAL
O"ver*zeal, n.

Defn: Excess of zeal. Fairfax.

OVERZEALOUS
O"ver*zeal"ous, a.

Defn: Too zealous.

OVICAPSULE
O`vi*cap"sule, n. Etym: [Ovum + capsule.]

1. (Anat)

Defn: The outer layer of a Graafian follicle.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Oötheca.

OVICELL
O"vi*cell`, n. Etym: [Ovum + cell.] (Zoöl)

Defn: One of the dilatations of the body wall of Bryozoa in which the
ova sometimes undegro the first stages of their development. See
Illust. of Chilostoma.

OVICULAR
O*vic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. ovum an egg.] (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an egg.

OVICYST
O"vi*cyst, n. Etym: [Ovum + cyst.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pouch in which incubation takes place in some Tunicata.

OVIDIAN
O*vid"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Latin poet Ovid; resembling the style
of Ovid.

OVIDUCAL
O`vi*du"cal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to oviducts; as, oviducal glands.

OVIDUCT
O"vi*duct, n. Etym: [Ovum + duct: cf. F. oviducte.] (Anat.)

Defn: A tube, or duct, for the passage of ova from the ovary to the
exterior of the animal or to the part where further development takes
place. In mammals the oviducts are also called Fallopian tubes.

OVIFEROUS
O*vif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Ovum + -ferous: cf. F. ovifère.] (Biol.)

Defn: Egg-bearing; -- applied particularly to certain receptacles, as
in Crustacea, that retain the eggs after they have been excluded from
the formative organs, until they are hatched.

OVIFORM
O"vi*form, a. Etym: [Ovum + -form: cf. F. oviforme.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having the form or figure of an egg; egg-shaped; as, an oviform
leaf.

OVIGERONS
O*vig"er*ons, a. Etym: [Ovum + -gerous: cf. F. ovigere.] (Biol.)

Defn: Bearing eggs; oviferous.

OVILE
O"vile, a.

Defn: See Ovine.

OVINE
O"vine, a. Etym: [L. ovinus, fr. ovis sheep: cf. F. ovine.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to sheep; consisting of sheep.

OVIPARA
O*vip"a*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Oviparous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An artifical division of vertebrates, including those that lay
eggs; -opposed to Vivipara.

OVIPARITY
O`vi*par"i*ty, n. Etym: [See Oviparous.] (Biol.)

Defn: Generatuon by means of ova. See Generation.

OVIPAROUS
O*vip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. oviparus; ovum egg + parere to bring
forth: cf. F. ovipare.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Producing young from rggs; as, an oviparous animal, in which
the egg is generally separated from the animal, and hatched after
exclusion; -- opposed to viviparous.

OVIPOSIT
O`vi*pos"it, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Oviposited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ovipositing.] Etym: [See Ovum, and Posit.]

Defn: To lay or deposit eggs; -- said esp. of insects.

OVIPOSIT
O`vi*pos"it, v. t.

Defn: To deposit or lay (an egg).

OVIPOSITING; OVIPOSITION
O`vi*pos"it*ing, O`vi*po*si"tion, n.

Defn: The depositing of eggs, esp. by insects.

OVIPOSITOR
O`vi*pos"i*tor, n. Etym: [L. ovum an egg + positor a placer, fr.
ponere to place.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The organ with which many insects and some other animals
deposit their eggs. Some ichneumon files have a long ovipositor
fitted to pierce the eggs or larvæ of other insects, in order to lay
their own eggs within the same.

OVISAC
O"vi*sac, n. Etym: [Ovum + sac.] (Anat)
(a) A Graafian follicle; any sac containing an ovum or ova.
(b) The inner layer of the fibrous wall of a Graafian follicle.

OVISM
O"vism, n.  [Ovum + -ism.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The old theory that the egg contains the whole embryo of the
future organism and the germs of all subsequent offsprings and is
merely awakened to activity by the spermatozoön; -- opposed to
spermism or animalculism.

OVIST
O"vist, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Ovulist.

OVOCOCCUS
O`vo*coc"cus, n.; pl. Ovococci. Etym: [Ovum + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A germinal vesicle.

OVOID; OVOIDAL
O"void, O*void"al, a. Etym: [Ovum + -oid: cf. F. ovoïde.]

Defn: Resembling an egg in shape; egg-shaped; ovate; as, an ovoidal
apple.

OVOID
O"void, n.

Defn: A solid resembling an egg in shape.

OVOLO
O"vo*lo, n. Etym: [It. ovolo, uovolo, fr. L. ovum an egg. Cf. Ovule.]
(Arch.)

Defn: A round, convex molding. See Illust. of Column.

Note: In Roman work it is usually a quarter circle in section; in
Greek work it is flatter, and is equivalent to the echinus; that is,
it has in section the elastic curve of the shell of the sea urchin.
In mediæval architecture it is not distinguishable from the multitude
of convex moldings, of all sections, which are used.

OVOLOGY
O*vol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Ovum + -logy. Cf. F. ovologie.]

Defn: That branch of natural history which treats of the origin and
functions of eggs.

OVOPLASMA
O`vo*plas"ma, n. Etym: [Ovum + plasma.] (Boil.)

Defn: Yolk; egg yolk. Haeckel.

OVOTESTTIS
O`vo*test"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Ovum, and Testis.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An organ which produces both ova and spermatozoids; an
hermaphrodite gland.

OVOVIVIPAROUS
O*vo*vi*vip"a*rous, a. Etym: [Ovum + viviparous: cf. F. ovovivipare.]
(Biol.)

Defn: Oviparous, but hatching the egg while it is within the body, as
some fishes and reptiles.

OVULAR
O"vu*lar, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating or belonging to an ovule; as, an ovular growth.

OVULARY
O"vu*la*ry, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to ovules.

OVULATE
O"vu*late, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Containing an ovule or ovules.

OVULATION
O`vu*la"tion, n. (Phisiol.)

Defn: The formation of ova or eggs in the ovary, and the discharge of
the same. In the mammalian female the discharge occurs during
menstruation.

OVULE
O"vule, n. Etym: [Dim. of L. ovum an egg: cf. F. ovule. Cf. Ovolo,
Ovulum.] (Biol.)
(a) The rudiment of a seed. It grows from a placenta, and consists of
a soft nucleus within two delicate coatings. The attached base of the
ovule is the hilum, the coatings are united with the nucleus at the
chalaza, and their minute orifice is the foramen.
(b) An ovum.

OVULIFEROUS
O`vu*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Ovule + -ferous.] (biol.)

Defn: Producing ovules.

OVULIST
O"vu*list n. (Biol.)

Defn: A believer in the theory (called encasement theory), current
during the last century, that the egg was the real animal germ, and
that at the time of fecundation the spermatozoa simply gave the
impetus which caused the unfolding of the egg, in which all
generations were inclosed one within the other. Also called ovist.

OVULITE
O"vu*lite, n. Etym: [Ovum + -lite.]

Defn: A fossil egg.

OVULUM
O"vu*lum, n.; pl. Ovula. Etym: [NL. See Ovule.] (Biol.)

Defn: An ovule.

OVUM
O"vum, n.; pl. L. Ova, E. Ovums. Etym: [L., an egg. See Oval.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: A more or less spherical and transparent mass of granular
protoplasm, which by a process of multiplication and growth develops
into a mass of cells, constituting a new individual like the parent;
an egg, spore, germ, or germ cell. See Illust. of Mycropyle.

Note: The ovum is a typical cell, with a cell wall, cell substance,
nucleus, and nucleolus. In man and the higher animals the cell wall,
a vertically striated membrane, is called the zona pellucida; the
cell contents, the vitellus; the nucleus, the germinal vesicle; and
the nucleolus, the germinal spot. The diameter of the ripe ovum in
man and the domestic animals varies between 1-200 and 1-120 of an
inch.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: One of the series of egg-shaped ornaments into which the ovolo
is often carved. Gwilt.

OWCH
Owch, n.

Defn: See Ouch. [Obs.] Speser.

OWE
Owe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Owed, (Ought ( obs.); p. pr. & vb. n.
Owing.] Etym: [OE. owen, awen,aghen, to have, own, have (to do),
hence, owe, AS. agan to have; akin to G. eigen, a., own, Icel. eiga
to have, Dan. eie, Sw. äga, Goth. áigan, Skr. Ought, v., 2d Own,
Fraught.]

1. To possess; to have, as the rightful owner; to own. [Obs.]
Thou dost here usurp The name thou ow'st not. Shak.

2. To have or possess, as something derived or bestowed; to be
obliged to ascribe (something to some source); to be indebted or
obliged for; as, he owed his wealth to his father; he owed his
victoty to his lieutenants. Milton.
O deem thy fall not owed to man's decree. Pope.

3. Hence: To have or be under an obigation to restore, pay, or render
(something) in return or compensation for something received; to be
indebted in the sum of; as, the subject owes allegiance; the
fortunate owe assistance to the unfortunate.
The one ought five hundred pence, and the other fifty. Bible (1551).
A son owes help and honor to his father. Holyday.

Note: Owe was sometimes followed by an objective clause introduced by
the infinitive. "Ye owen to incline and bow your heart." Chaucer.

4. To have an obligation to (some one) on account of something done
or received; to be indebted to; as, to iwe the grocer for supplies,
or a laborer for services.

OWEL
Ow"el, a. Etym: [OF. oel, owel, iwel,ivel, F. égal, fr. L. aequalis.]
(Law)

Defn: Equal. [Obs.] Burrill.

OWELTY
Ow"el*ty, n. Etym: [OF. oelté, ivelté.] (Law)

Defn: Equality; -- sometimes written ovelty and ovealty. Burrill.

OWEN
Ow"en, a.Etym: [See Own.]

Defn: Own. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OWENITE
Ow"en*ite, n.

Defn: A follower of Robert Owen, who tried to reorganize society on a
socialistic basis, and established an industrial community on the
Clyde, Scotland, and, later, a similar one in Indiana.

OWHER
O"wher, adv. Etym: [AS. ahwær.]

Defn: Anywhere. [Obs.] "If he found owher a good fellow." Chaucer.

OWING
Ow`ing, P. p. & a. Etym: [Used in a passive sense for owed (AS. agen.
See Own).]

1. Had or held under obligation of paying; due.
There is more owing her than is paid. Shak.

2. Had or experienced as a consequence, result, issue, etc.;
ascribable; -- with to; as, misfortunes are often owing to vices; his
failure was owing to speculations.

OWL
Owl, n. Etym: [AS. ; akin to D. uil, OHG. , G. eule, Icel. ugla, Sw.
ugla, Dan. ugle.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any cpecies of raptorial birds of the family Strigidæ. They
have large eyes and ears, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around
each eye. They are mostly nocturnal in their habits.

Note: Some species have erectile tufts of feathers on the head. The
feathers are soft and somewhat downy. The species are numerous. See
Barn owl, Burrowing owl, Eared owl, Hawk owl, Horned owl, Screech
owl, Snowy owl, under BarnBurrowing, etc.

Note: In the Scriptures the owl is commonly associated with
desolation; poets and story-tellers introduce it as a bird of ill
omen. . . . The Greeks and Romans made it the emblem of wisdom, and
sacred to Minerva, -- and indeed its large head and solemn eyes give
it an air of wisdom. Am. Cyc.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of the domestic pigeon. Owl monkey (Zoöl.), any one
of several species of South American nocturnal monkeys of the genus
Nyctipithecus. They have very large eyes. Called also durukuli.
 -- Owl moth ( (Zoöl.), a very large moth (Erebus strix). The expanse
of its wings is over ten inches.
 -- Owl parrot (Zoöl.), the kakapo.
 -- Sea owl (Zoöl.), the lumpfish.
 -- Owl train, a cant name for certain railway trains whose run is in
the nighttime.

OWL
Owl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Owled; p. pr. & vb. n. Owling.]

1. To pry about; to prowl. [Prov. Eng.]

2. To carry wool or sheep out of England. [Obs.]

Note: This was formerly illegal, and was done chiefly by night.

3. Hence, to carry on any contraband trade. [Eng.]

OWLER
Owl"er, n. Etym: [From Owl, v. i.]

Defn: One who owls; esp., one who conveys contraband goods. See
Owling, n. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] T. Brown.

OWLERY
Owl"er*y, n.; pl. Owleries (.

Defn: An abode or a haunt of owls.

OWLET
Owl"et, n. Etym: [Dim. of owl. Cf. Howlet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small owl; especially, the European species (Athene noctua),
and the California flammulated owlet (Megascops flammeolus). Owlet
moth (Zoöl.), any noctuid moth.

OWL-EYED
Owl"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having eyes like an owl's.

OWLING
Owl"ing, n. Etym: [From Owl, v. i.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: The offense of transporting wool or sheep out of England
contrary to the statute formerly existing. Blackstone.

OWLISH
Owl"ish, a.

Defn: Resembling, or characteristic of, an owl.

OWLISM
Owl"ism, n.

Defn: Affected wisdom; pompous dellness. [R.]

OWLLIGHT
Owl"light`, n.

Defn: Glimmering or imperfect [R.] Bp. Warburton.

OWN
Own, v. t. Etym: [OE. unnen to grant, permit, be pleased with, AS.
unnan to grant; akin to OS. giunnan, G. gönnen, Icel. unna; of
uncertain origin. This word has been confused with own to possess.]

Defn: To grant; to acknowledge; to admit to be true; to confess; to
recognize in a particular character; as, we own that we have
forfeited your love.
The wakeful bloodhound rose, and shook his hide owns. Keats.

OWN
Own, a. Etym: [OE. owen, awen, auen, aughen, AS. agen, p. p. of agan
to possess; akin to OS. egan, G. & D. eigen, Icel. eiginn, Sw. & Dan.
egen. sq. root110. See Owe.]

Defn: Belonging to; belonging exclusively or especially to; peculiar;
-- most frequently following a possessive pronoun, as my, our, thy,
your, his, her, its, their, in order to emphasize or intensify the
idea of property, peculiar interest, or exclusive ownership; as, my
own father; my own composition; my own idea; at my own price. "No man
was his own [i. e., no man was master of himself, or in possession of
his senses]." Shak. To hold one's own, to keep or maintain one's
possessions; to yield nothing; esp., to suffer no loss or
disadvantage in a contest. Shak.

OWN
Own, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Owned; p. pr. & vb. n. Owning.] Etym: [OE.
ohnien, ahnien, AS. agnian, fr. agen own, a. See Own, a.]

Defn: To hold as property; to have a legal or rightful title to; to
be the proprietor or possessor of; to possess; as, to own a house.

OWNER
Own"er, n.

Defn: One who owns; a rightful proprietor; one who has the legal or
rightful title, whether he is the possessor or not. Shak.

OWNERLESS
Own"er*less, a.

Defn: Without an owner.

OWNERSHIP
Own"er*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being an owner; the right to own; exclusive right
of possession; legal or just claim or title; proprietorship.

OWRE
Owre, n. Etym: [AS. r; akin to G. auerochs, OHG. , ohso, Icel. .]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The aurohs. [Obs.]

OWSE; OWSER
Owse, Ow"ser, n.

Defn: Tanner's ooze. See Ooze, 3.

OX
Ox, n.; pl. Oxen. Etym: [AS. oxa; akin to D. os. G. ochs, ochse, OHG.
ohso, Icel. oxi, Sw. & Dan. oxe, Goth. aúhsa, Skr. ukshan ox, bull;
cf. Skr. uksh to sprinkle. Humid, Aurochs.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male of bovine quadrupeds, especially the domestic animal
when castrated and grown to its full size, or nearly so. The word is
also applied, as a general name, to any species of bovine animals,
male and female.
All sheep and oxen, yea, and the beasts of the field. Ps. viii. 7.

Note: The castrated male is called a steer until it attains its full
growth, and then, an ox; but if castrated somewhat late in life, it
is called a stag. The male, not castrated, is called a bull. These
distinctions are well established in regard to domestic animals of
this genus. When wild animals of this kind are spoken of, ox is often
applied both to the male and the female. The name ox is never applied
to the individual cow, or female, of the domestic kind. Oxen may
comprehend both the male and the female. Grunting ox (Zoöl.), the
yak.
 -- Indian ox (Zoöl.), the zebu.
 -- Javan ox (Zoöl.), the banteng.
 -- Musk ox. (Zoöl.) See under Musk.
 -- Ox bile. See Ox gall, below.
 -- Ox gall, the fresh gall of the domestic ox; -- used in the arts
and in medicine.
 -- Ox pith, ox marrow. [Obs.] Marston.
 -- Ox ray (Zoöl.), a very large ray (Dicerobatis Giornæ) of Southern
Europe. It has a hornlike organ projecting forward from each pectoral
fin. It sometimes becomes twenty feet long and twenty-eight feet
broad, and weighs over a ton. Called also sea devil.
 -- To have the black ox tread on one's foot, to be unfortunate; to
know what sorrow is (because black oxen were sacrificed to Pluto).
Leigh Hunt.

OXACID
Ox`ac"id, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Oxyacid.

OXALAN
Ox"a*lan, n. Etym: [From Alloxan, by transposition of letters.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A complex nitrogenous substance C3N3H5O3 obtained from alloxan
(or when urea is fused with ethyl oxamate), as a stable white
crystalline powder; -- called also oxaluramide.

OXALANTIN
Ox`a*lan"tin, n. Etym: [From Alloxantin, by transposition of
letters.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C6H4N4O5) obtained
by the reduction of parabanic acid; -- called also leucoturic acid.

OXALATE
Ox"a*late, n. Etym: [Cf. F. oxalate. See Oxalic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of oxalic acid.

OXALDEHYDE
Ox*al"de*hyde, n. Etym: [Oxalic + aldehyde.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Glyoxal.

OXALETHYLINE
Ox`al*eth"yl*ine, n. Etym: [Oxalic + ethyl + -ine.]

Defn: A poisonous nitrogenous base (C6H10N2) obtained indirectly from
oxamide as a thick transparent oil which has a strong narcotic odor,
and a physiological action resembling that of atropine. It is
probably related to pyridine.

OXALIC
Ox*al"ic, a. Etym: [From Oxalis: cf. F. oxalique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or contained in, sorrel, or
oxalis; specifically, designating an acid found in, and
characteristic of, oxalis, and also certain plant of the Buckwheat
family. Oxalic acid (Chem.), a dibasic acid, existing combined in
oxalis as an acid potassium oxalate, and in many plant tissues as the
calcium oxalate. It is prepared on a large scale, by the action of
fused caustic soda or potash on sawdust, as a white crystalline
substance, which has a strong acid taste, and is poisonous in large
doses. It is used in dyeing, calico printing, bleaching flax and
straw, the preparation of formic acid, and in salts of lemon for
removing ink stains, mold, etc.

OXALINE
Ox"a*line, n. Etym: [Glyoxal + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Glyoxaline.

OXALIS
Ox"a*lis, n. Etym: [L., a kind of sorrel, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants,mostly herbs, with acid-tasting trifoliolate
or multifoliolate leaves; -- called also wood sorrel.

OXALITE
Ox"a*lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A yellow mineral consisting of oxalate of iron.

OXALURAMIDE
Ox`a*lur*am"ide, n. Etym: [Oxaluric + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Oxalan.

OXALURATE
Ox`a*lur"ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of oxaluric acid.

OXALURIC
Ox`a*lur"ic, a. Etym: [Oxalyl + urea.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid
related to the ureids, and obtained from parabanic acid as a white
silky crystalline substance.

OXALYL
Ox"a*lyl, n. Etym: [Oxalic + -yl.] (Chem.)
(a) A hydrocarbon radical (C2O2) regarded as a residue of oxalic acid
and occurring in derivatives of it.
(b) An old name for carbonyl.
(c) An old name for carboxyl.

OXAMATE
Ox*am"ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of oxamic acid.

OXAMETHANE
Ox`a*meth"ane, n. Etym: [Oxamic + ethyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Ethyl oxamate, obtained as a white scaly crystalline powder.

OXAMETHYLANE
Ox`a*meth"yl*ane, n. Etym: [Oxamic + methyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Methyl oxamate, obtained as a pearly white crystalline
substance.

OXAMIC
Ox*am"ic, a. Etym: [Oxalic + amido] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid NH2.C2O2.HO obtained as
a fine crystalline powder, intermediate between oxalic acid and
oxamide. Its ammonium salt is obtained by boiling oxamide with
ammonia.

OXAMIDE
Ox*am"ide, n, Etym: [Oxalic + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline neutral substance (C2O2(NH2)2) obtained by
treating ethyl oxalate with ammonia. It is the acid amide of oxalic
acid. Formerly called also oxalamide.

OXAMIDINE
Ox*am"i*dine, n. Etym: [Oxygen + amido + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of bases containing the amido and the
isonitroso groups united to the same carbon atom.

OXANILAMIDE; OXANILLAMIDE
Ox`a*nil*am"ide, Ox`a*nill*am"ide, n. Etym: [Oxanilic + amide.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline nitrogenous substance, obtained indirectly
by the action of cyanogen on aniline, and regarded as an anilide of
oxamic acid; -- called also phenyl oxamide.

OXANILATE
Ox*an"i*late, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of oxanilic acid.

OXANILIC
Ox`an*il"ic, a. Etym: [Oxalic + aniline.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, oxalic acid and aniline; --
used to designate an acid obtained in white crystalline scales by
heating these substances together.

OXANILIDE
Ox*an"i*lide, n. Etym: [Oxalic + aniline + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: a white crystalline substance, resembling oxanilamide, obtained
by heating aniline oxalate, and regarded as a double anilide of
oxalic acid; -- called also diphenyl oxamide.

OXBANE
Ox"bane`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A poisonous bulbous plant (Buphane toxicaria) of the Cape of
Good Hope.

OXBIRD
Ox"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The dunlin.
(b) The sanderling.
(c) An African weaver bird (Textor alector).

OXBITER
Ox"bit`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cow blackbird. [Local, U. S.]

OXBOW
Ox"bow`, n.

Defn: A frame of wood, bent into the shape of the letter U, and
embracing an ox's neck as a kind of collar, the upper ends passing
through the bar of the yoke; also, anything so shaped, as a bend in a
river.

OXEYE
Ox"eye`, n. Etym: [Ox + eye.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) The oxeye daisy. See under Daisy.
(b) The corn camomile (Anthemis arvensis).
(c) A genus of composite plants (Buphthalmum) with large yellow
flowers.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A titmouse, especially the great titmouse (Parus major) and the
blue titmouse (P. coeruleus). [Prov. Eng.]
(b) The dunlin.
(c) A fish; the bogue, or box. Creeping oxeye (Bot.) a West Indian
composite plant (Wedelia carnosa).
 -- Seaside oxeye (Bot.), a West Indian composite shrub (Borrichia
arborescens).

OXEYED
Ox"*eyed`, a.

Defn: Having large, full eyes, like those of an ox. Burton.

OXFLY
Ox"fly`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gadfly of cattle.

OXFORD
Ox"ford, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the city or university of Oxford, England.
Oxford movement. See Tractarianism.
 -- Oxford School, a name given to those members of the Church of
England who adopted the theology of the so-called Oxford "Tracts for
the Times," issued the period 1833 -- 1841. Shipley.
 -- Oxford tie, a kind of shoe, laced on the instep, and usually
covering the foot nearly to the ankle.

OXGANG
Ox"gang`, n. Etym: [Ox + gang, n., 1.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: See Bovate.

OXGOAD
Ox"goad`, n.

Defn: A goad for driving oxen.

OXHEAD
Ox"head`, n. Etym: [Cf. Hogshead.]

Defn: Literally, the head of an ox (emblem of cuckoldom); hence, a
dolt; a blockhead.
Dost make a mummer of me, oxhead Marston.

OXHEAL
Ox"heal`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Bear's-foot.

OXHEART
Ox"heart`, n.

Defn: A large heart-shaped cherry, either black, red, or white.

OXHIDE
Ox"hide`, n.

1. The skin of an ox, or leather made from it.

2. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A measure of land. See 3d Hide.

OXID
Ox"id, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Oxide.

OXIDABILITY
Ox`i*da*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. oxydabilité.]

Defn: Capability of being converted into an oxide.

OXIDABLE
Ox"i*da*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. oxydable.]

Defn: Capable of being converted into an oxide.

OXIDATE
Ox"i*date, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxidated; p. pr. & vb. n. Oxidating.]
Etym: [Cf. f. oxyder. See Oxide.] (Chem.)

Defn: To oxidize. [Obs.]

OXIDATION
Ox`i*da"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. oxidation.] (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of oxidizing, or the state or result of
being oxidized.

OXIDATOR
Ox"i*da`tor, n.

1. An oxidizer. [Obs.]

2. A contrivance for causing a current of air to impinge on the flame
of the Argand lamp; -- called also oxygenator.

OXIDE
Ox"ide, n. Etym: [F. oxygène oxigen + acide acid: cf. F. oxyde. The
French word was correctly spelt oxide, till about the year 1840,
when, in ignorance or forgetfulness of the true history and
composition of the word, the orthography was change to make it
represent the u of Gr. 'oxy`s, from which it was supposed to be
directly derived.] (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of oxygen with an atom or radical, or a
compound which is regarded as binary; as, iron oxide, ethyl oxide,
nitrogen oxide, etc.

Note: In the chemical nomenclature adopted by Guyton de Morveau,
Lavoisier,and their associates, the term oxides was made to include
all compounds of oxygen which had no acid (F. acide) properties, as
contrasted with the acid, all of which were at that time supposed to
contain oxygen. The orthography oxyde, oxyd, etc., was afterwards
introduced in ignorance or disregard of the true etymology, but these
forms are now obsolete in English. The spelling oxid is not common.

OXIDIZABLE
Ox"i*di`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being oxidized.

OXIDIZE
Ox"i*dize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxidized; p. pr. & vb. n. Oxidizing.]
(Chem.)

Defn: To combine with oxygen, or subject to the action of oxygen, or
of an oxidizing agent. Specifically:
(a) To combine with oxygen or with more oxygen; to add oxygen to; as,
to oxidize nitrous acid so as to form nitric acid.
(b) To remove hydrogen from (anything), as by the action of oxygen;
as, to oxidize alcohol so as to form aldehyde.
(c) To subject to the action of oxygen or of an oxidizing agent, so
as to bring to a higher grade, as an -ous compound to an -ic
compound; as, to oxidize mercurous chloride to mercuric chloride.

Note: In certain cases to oxidize is identical with to acidify; for,
in nearly all cases, the more oxygen a substance contains the more
nearly does it approximate to acid qualities; thus, by oxidation many
elements, as sulphur, nitrogen, carbon, chromium, manganese, etc.,
pass into compounds which are acid anhydrides, and thus practically
in the acid state.

OXIDIZEMENT
Ox"i*dize`ment, n.

Defn: Oxidation. [R.]

OXIDIZER
Ox"i*di`zer, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An agent employed in oxidation, or which facilitates or brings
about combination with oxygen; as, nitric acid, chlorine, bromine,
etc., are strong oxidizers.

OXIDULATED
Ox*id"u*la`ted, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Existing in the state of a protoxide; -- said of an oxide. [R.]

OXIME
Ox"ime, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of isonitroso derivatives obtained by the
action of hydroxylamine on aldehydes or ketones.

OXINDOL
Ox*in"dol, n. Etym: [Oxygen + indol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C8H7NO) of the indol
group, obtained by the reduction of dioxindol. It is a so-called
lactam compound.

OXIODIC
Ox`i*od"ic, a. Etym: [Oxy- (a) + iodic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, certain compounds of iodine and
oxygen.

OXLIKE
Ox"like, a.

Defn: Characteristic of, or like, an ox.

OXLIP
Ox"lip`, n. Etym: [AS. oxanslyppe. See Ox, and Cowslip.] (Bot.)

Defn: The great cowslip (Primula veris, var. elatior).

OXONATE
Ox"o*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of oxonic acid.

OXONIAN
Ox*o"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or relating to the city or the university of Oxford,
England. Macaulay.

OXONIAN
Ox*o"ni*an, n.

Defn: A student or graduate of Oxford University, in England.

OXONIC
Ox*on"ic, a. Etym: [Prob. glyoxalic + carbonic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid
(C4H5N3O4) not known in the free state, but obtained, in combination
with its salts, by a slow oxidation of uric acid, to which it is
related.

OXPECKER
Ox"peck`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African bird of the genus Buphaga; the beefeater.

OXSHOE
Ox"shoe`, n.

Defn: A shoe for oxen, consisting of a flat piece of iron nailed to
the hoof.

OXTER
Ox"ter, n. Etym: [AS. ohsta.]

Defn: The armpit; also, the arm. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

OXTONGUE
Ox"tongue`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several plants, from the shape and roughness of
their leaves; as, Anchusa officinalis, a kind of bugloss, and
Helminthia echioides, both European herbs.

OXY-
Ox"y-. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix, also used adjectively, designating:
(a) A compound containing oxygen.
(b) A compound containing the hydroxyl group, more properly
designated by hydroxy-. See Hydroxy-. Oxy acid. See Oxyacid (below).

OXYACETIC
Ox`y*a*ce"tic, a. Etym: [Oxy- (b) + acetic.]

Defn: Hydroxyacetic; designating an acid called also glycolic acid.

OXYACID
Ox`y*ac"id, n. Etym: [Oxy- (a) + acid.] (Chem.)

Defn: An acid containing oxygen, as chloric acid or sulphuric acid; -
- contrasted with the hydracids, which contain no oxygen, as
hydrochloric acid. See Acid, and Hydroxy-.

OXYAMMONIA
Ox`y*am*mo"ni*a, n. Etym: [Oxy- (b) + ammonia.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Hydroxylamine.

OXYBENZENE
Ox`y*ben"zene, n. Etym: [Oxy- (b) + benzene.] (Chem.)

Defn: Hydroxy benzene. Same as Phenol.

OXYBENZOIC
Ox`y*ben*zo"ic, a. Etym: [Oxy- (b) + benzoic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Hydroxybenzoic; pertaining to, or designating, any one of
several hydroxyl derivatives of benzonic acid, of which the commonest
is salicylic acid.

OXYBROMIC
Ox`y*bro"mic, a. Etym: [Oxy- (a) + bromic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, certain compounds of oxygen and
bromine.

OXYBUTYRIC
Ox`y*bu*tyr"ic, a. Etym: [Oxy- (b) + butyric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Hydroxybutyric; designating any one of a group of metameric
acids (C3H6.OH.CO2H).

OXYCALCIUM
Ox`y*cal"ci*um, a. Etym: [Oxy- (a) + calcium.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to oxygen and calcium; as, the oxycalcium
light. See Drummond light.

OXYCAPROIC
Ox`y*ca*pro"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: See Leucic.

OXYCHLORIC
Ox`y*chlo"ric, a. Etym: [Oxy- (a) + chloric.] (Chem.)
(a) Of, pertaining to, or designating in general, certain compounds
containing oxygen and chlorine.
(b) Formerly designating an acid now called perchloric acid. See
Perchloric.

OXYCHLORIDE
Ox`y*chlo"ride, n. Etym: [Oxy- (a) + chloride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A ternary compound of oxygen and chlorine; as, plumbic
oxychloride.

OXYCRATE
Ox"y*crate, n. Etym: [Gr. oxycrat.] (med.)

Defn: A Mixture of water and vinegar. Wiseman.

OXYCYMENE
Ox`y*cy"mene, n. Etym: [Oxy- (b) + cymene.] (Chem.)

Defn: Hydroxy cymene. Same as Carvacrol.

OXYGEN
Ox"y*gen n. Etym: [F. oxygène, from Gr. acid.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, tasteless, odorless, gaseous element occurring in
the free state in the atmosphere, of which it forms about 23 per cent
by weight and about 21 per cent by volume, being slightly heavier
than nitrogen. Symbol O. Atomic weight 15.96.

Note: It occurs combined in immense quantities, forming eight ninths
by weight of water, and probably one half by weight of the entire
solid crust of the globe, being an ingredient of silica, the
silicates, sulphates, carbonates, nitrates, etc. Oxygen combines with
all elements (except fluorine), forming oxides, bases, oxyacid
anhydrides, etc., the process in general being called oxidation, of
which combustion is only an intense modification. At ordinary
temperatures with most substances it is moderately active, but at
higher temperatures it is one of the most violent and powerful
chemical agents known. It is indispensable in respiration, and in
general is the most universally active and efficient element. It may
be prepared in the pure state by heating potassium chlorate. This
element (called dephlogisticated air by Priestley) was named oxygen
by Lavoisier because he supposed it to be a constituent of all acids.
This is not so in the case of a very few acids (as hydrochloric,
hydrobromic, hydric sulphide, etc.), but these do contain elements
analogous to oxygen in property and action. Moreover, the fact that
most elements approach the nearer to acid qualities in proportion as
they are combined with more oxygen, shows the great accuracy and
breadth of Lavoisier's conception of its nature.

2. Chlorine used in bleaching. [Manufacturing name]

OXYGENATE
Ox"y*gen*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxygenated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Oxygenating.] Etym: [Cf. F. oxygéner.] (Chem.)

Defn: To unite, or cause to combine, with oxygen; to treat with
oxygen; to oxidize; as, oxygenated water (hydrogen dioxide).

OXYGENATION
Ox`y*gen*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. oxygénation.] (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of combining or of treating with oxygen;
oxidation.

OXYGENATOR
Ox"y*gen*a`tor, n.

Defn: An oxidizer.

OXYGENIC
Ox`y*gen"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or resembling, oxygen; producing
oxygen.

OXYGENIUM
Ox`y*ge"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: The technical name of oxygen. [R.]

OXYGENIZABLE
Ox"y*gen*i"za*ble, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Oxidizable.

OXYGENIZE
Ox"y*gen*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxygenized; p pr. & vb. n.
Oxygenizing.] (Chem.)

Defn: To oxidize.

OXYGENIZEMENT
Ox"y*gen*ize`ment, n.

Defn: Oxidation.

OXYGENOUS
Ox*yg"e*nous, a.

Defn: Oxygenic.

OXYGON
Ox"y*gon, n. Etym: [Gr. oxygone.] (Geom.)

Defn: A triangle having three acute angles.

OXYGONAL; OXYGONIAL
Ox*yg"o*nal, Ox`y*go"ni*al, a.

Defn: Having acute angles. Barlow.

OXYHAEMACYANIN; OXYHAEMOCYANIN
Ox`Y*hæm`a*cy"a*nin, Ox`y*hæm`o*cy"a*nin, n. Etym: [Oxy- (a) +
hæmacyanin, hæmocyanin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: See Hæmacyanin.

OXYHAEMOGLOBIN; OXYHEMOGLOBIN
Ox`y*hæm`o*glo"bin, Ox`y*hem`o*glo"bin, n. Etym: [Oxy- (a) +
hæmoglobin, hemoglobin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: See Hemoglobin.

OXYHYDROGEN
Ox`y*hy"dro*gen, a. Etym: [Oxy- (a) + hydrogen.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen; as,
oxyhydrogen gas. Oxyhydrogen blowpipe. (Chem.) See Blowpipe.
 -- Oxyhydrogen microscope, a form of microscope arranged so as to
use the light produced by burning lime or limestone under a current
of oxyhydrogen gas.

OXYHYDROGEN LIGHT
Oxyhydrogen light.

Defn: A light produced by the incandescence of some substances, esp.
lime, in the oxyhydrogen flame. Coal gas (producing the oxygas
light), or the vapor of ether (oxyether light) or methylated spirit
(oxyspirit light), may be substituted for hydrogen.

OXYMEL
Ox"y*mel, n. Etym: [L. oxymeli, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A mixture of honey, water, vinegar, and spice, boiled to a
sirup. Sir T. Elyot.

OXYMETHYLENE
Ox`y*meth"yl*ene, n. Etym: [Oxy- (a) + methylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: Formic aldehyde, regarded as a methylene derivative.

OXYMORON
Ox`y*mo"ron, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure in which an epithet of a contrary signification is
added to a word; e. g., cruel kindness; laborious idleness.

OXYMURIATE
Ox`y*mu"ri*ate, n. (Old Chem.)

Defn: A salt of the supposed oxymuriatic acid; a chloride. Oxymuriate
of lime, chloride of lime.

OXYMURIATIC
Ox`y*mu`ri*at"ic, a. Etym: [Oxy- (a) + muriatic: cf. F.
oxymuriatique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, oxygen and muriatic acid, that
is, hydrochloric acid. [Archaic.] Oxymuriatic acid, chlorine,
formerly so called on the supposition that it was a compound of
oxygen and muriatic acid. [Obs.]

OXYNEURINE
Ox`y*neu"rine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Betaine.

OXYNTIC
Ox*yn"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Acid; producing acid; -applied especially to certain glands and
cells in the stomach.

OXYOPIA; OXYOPY
Ox`y*o"pi*a, Ox"y*o`py, n. Etym: [NL. oxyopia, from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Excessive acuteness of sight.

OXYPHENIC
Ox`y*phe"nic, a. Etym: [Oxy- (b) + phenol.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, the phenol formerly called
oxyphenic acid, and now oxyphenol and pyrocatechin. See Pyrocatechin.

OXYPHENOL
Ox`y*phe"nol, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A phenol, oxyphenic acid, and now pyrocatechin.

OXYPHONY
Ox*yph"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Acuteness or shrillness of voice.

OXYQUINOLINE
Ox`y*quin"o*line, n. Etym: [Oxy- (b) + quinoline.] (Chem.)

Defn: Hydroxy quinoline; a phenol derivative of quinoline, -- called
also carbostyril.

OXYRHYNCHA
Ox`y*rhyn"cha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The maioid crabs.

OXYRRHODINE
Ox*yr"rho*dine, n. Etym: [Gr. 'oxy`s acid + (Med.)

Defn: A mixture of two parts of the oil of roses with one of the
vinegar of roses. Floyer.

OXYSALT
Ox"y*salt, n. Etym: [Oxy- (a) + salt.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of an oxyacid, as a sulphate.

OXYSULPHIDE
Ox`y*sul"phide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A ternary compound of oxygen and sulphur.

OXYSULPHURET
Ox`y*sul"phu*ret, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An oxysulphide. [Obsolescent]

OXYTOCIC
Ox`y*toc"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Promoting uterine contractions, or parturition.
 -- n.

Defn: An oxytocic medicine or agent.

OXYTOLUENE
Ox`y*tol"u*ene, n. Etym: [Oxy- (a) + toluene.]

Defn: One of three hydroxy derivatives of toluene, called the
cresols. See Cresol.

OXYTONE
Ox"y*tone, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having an acute sound; (Gr. Gram.), having an acute accent on
the last syllable.

OXYTONE
Ox"y*tone, n.

1. An acute sound.

2. (Gr. Gram.)

Defn: A word having the acute accent on the last syllable.

OXYTONICAL
Ox`y*ton"ic*al, a. (Gr. Gram.)

Defn: Oxytone.

OYER
O"yer, n. Etym: [Anglo F., a hearing, from OF. oïr, F. ouïr, to hear,
L. audire. See Audible.] (Law)

Defn: A hearing or an inspection, as of a deed, bond, etc., as when a
defendant in court prays oyer of a writing. Blackstone. Oyer and
terminer (Law), a term used in England in commissions directed to
judges of assize about to hold court, directing them to hear and
determine cases brought before them. In the U.S. the phrase is used
to designate certain criminal courts.

OYEZ
O"yez` (oyês; 277), interj. Etym: [Anglo-F. oyez hear ye. See Oyer.]

Defn: Hear; attend; -- a term used by criers of courts to secure
silence before making a proclamation. It is repeated three times.
[Written also oyes.]

OYLET
Oy"let, n. Etym: [See Eyelet.]

1. See Eyelet.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Oillet.

OYNOUN
Oy"noun, n.

Defn: Onion. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OYSTER
Oys"ter, n. Etym: [OF. oistre, F. huître, L. ostrea, ostreum,Gr.
Osseous, Ostracize.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine bivalve mollusk of the genus Ostrea. They are
usually found adhering to rocks or other fixed objects in shallow
water along the seacoasts, or in brackish water in the mouth of
rivers. The common European oyster (Ostrea edulis), and the American
oyster (Ostrea Virginiana), are the most important species.

2. A name popularly given to the delicate morsel contained in a small
cavity of the bone on each side of the lower part of the back of a
fowl. Fresh-water oyster (Zoöl.), any species of the genus Etheria,
and allied genera, found in rivers of Africa and South America. They
are irregular in form, and attach themselves to rocks like oysters,
but they have a pearly interior, and are allied to the fresh-water
mussels.
 -- Oyster bed, a breeding place for oysters; a place in a tidal
river or other water on or near the seashore, where oysters are
deposited to grow and fatten for market. See lst Scalp, n.
 -- Oyster catcher (Zoöl.), any one of several species of wading
birds of the genus Hæmatopus, which frequent seashores and feed upon
shellfish. The European species (H. ostralegus), the common American
species (H. palliatus), and the California, or black, oyster catcher
(H. Bachmani) are the best known.
 -- Oyster crab (Zoöl.) a small crab (Pinnotheres ostreum) which
lives as a commensal in the gill cavity of the oyster.
 -- Oyster dredge, a rake or small dragnet of bringing up oyster from
the bottom of the sea.
 -- Oyster fish. (Zoöl.) (a) The tautog. (b) The toadfish.
 -- Oyster plant. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Tragopogon (T.
porrifolius), the root of which, when cooked, somewhat resembles the
oyster in taste; salsify; -- called also vegetable oyster. (b) A
plant found on the seacoast of Northern Europe, America and Asia
(Mertensia maritima), the fresh leaves of which have a strong flavor
of oysters.
 -- Oyster plover. (Zoöl.) Same as Oyster catcher, above.
 -- Oyster shell (Zoöl.), the shell of an oyster.
 -- Oyster wench, Oyster wife, Oyster women, a women who deals in
oysters.
 -- Pearl oyster. (Zoöl.) See under Pearl.
 -- Thorny oyster (Zoöl.), any spiny marine shell of the genus
Spondylus.

OYSTER-GREEN
Oys"ter-green`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A green membranous seaweed (Ulva) often found growing on
oysters but common on stones, piles, etc.

OYSTERING
Oys"ter*ing, n.

Defn: Gathering, or dredging for, oysters.

OYSTERLING
Oys"ter*ling, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young oyster.

OZENA
O*ze"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. ozaena, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A discharge of fetid matter from the nostril, particularly if
associated with ulceration of the soft parts and disease of the bones
of the nose.

OZOCERITE
O`zo*ce"rite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A waxlike mineral resin; -- sometimes called native paraffin,
and mineral wax.

OZONATION
O`zo*na"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The act of treating with ozone; also, the act of converting
into, or producing, ozone; ozonization.

OZONE
O"zone, n. Etym: [Gr. Odor.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless gaseous substance (O

OZONE PAPER
O"zone pa"per. (Chem.)

Defn: Paper coated with starch and potassium iodine. It turns blue
when exposed to ozone.>-- also called starch-iodide paper -->

P.

OZONIC
O*zon"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, ozone.

OZONIFICATION
O*zo`ni*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Ozone + L. -ficare to make. See fy. ]
(Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of producing, or of subjecting to the action
of, ozone.

OZONIZATION
O`zo*ni*za"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Ozonation.

OZONIZE
O"zo*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ozonized; p. pr. & vb. n. Ozonizing.]
(Chem.)
(a) To convert into ozone, as oxygen.
(b) To treat with ozone.

OZONIZER
O"zo*ni`zer, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus or agent for the production or application of
ozone.

OZONOMETER
O`zo*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Ozone + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the amount of ozone in the
atmosphere, or in any gaseous mixture. Faraday.

OZONOMETRIC
O`zo*no*met"ric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or used for, the determination of the amount of
ozone; of or relating to ozonometry.

OZONOMETRY
O`zo*nom"e*try, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The measurement or determination of the quantity of ozone.

OZONOSCOPE
O*zo"no*scope, n. Etym: [Ozone + -scope.] (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus employed to indicate the presence, or the amount,
of ozone.

OZONOSCOPIC
O*zo`no*scop"ic, a. Etym: [Ozone + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Serving to indicate the presence or the amount of ozone.

OZONOUS
O"zo*nous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to or containing, ozone.

P
P (pe),

Defn: the sixteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a nonvocal
consonant whose form and value come from the Latin, into which
language the letter was brought, through the ancient Greek, from the
Phonician, its probable origin being Egyptian. Etymologically P is
most closely related to b, f, and v; as hobble, hopple; father,
paternal; recipient, receive. See B, F, and M.

See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 247, 248, and 184-195.

PA
Pa (pä), n.

Defn: A shortened form of Papa.

PAAGE
Pa"age (pa"ayj; 48), n. [OF. paage, paiage, F. péage, fr. (assumed)
LL. pedaticum, fr. L. pes, pedis, foot. See Pedage, Pedal.] (O. Eng.
Law)

Defn: A toll for passage over another person's grounds. [Written also
peage and pedage.]  Burke.

PAARD
Paard (pärd), n. [D., a horse.]

Defn: The zebra. [S. Africa]

PAAS
Paas (pals), n. [D. paash. See Pasch.]

Defn: The Easter festival. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

Paas egg. See Easter egg, under Easter.

PAAS
Paas (päs), n.

Defn: Pace [Obs.]  Chaucer

PABULAR
Pab"u*lar, a. [L. pabularis.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or fit for, pabulum or food; affording food.

PABULATION
Pab`u*la"tion, n. [L. pabulatio, fr. pabulari to feed, fr. pabulum
food. See Pabulum.]

1. The act of feeding, or providing food. [Obs.]  Cockeram.

2. Food; fodder; pabulum. [Obs.]

PABULOUS
Pab"u*lous, a. [L. pabulosus.]

Defn: Affording pabulum, or food; alimental. [R.]  Sir T. Browne.

PABULUM
Pab"u*lum, n. [L., akin to pascere to pasture. See Pastor.]

Defn: The means of nutriment to animals or plants; food; nourishment;
hence, that which feeds or sustains, as fuel for a fire; that upon
which the mind or soul is nourished; as, intellectual pabulum.

PAC
Pac, n.

Defn: A kind of moccasin, having the edges of the sole turned up and
sewed to the upper. Knight.

PACA
Pa"ca, n. [Pg., from the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American rodent (Cologenys paca), having blackish
brown fur, with four parallel rows of white spots along its sides;
the spotted cavy. It is nearly allied to the agouti and the Guinea
pig.

PACABLE
Pa"ca*ble, a. [L. pacare to pacify.]

Defn: Placable. [R.]  Coleridge.

PACANE
Pa*cane", n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of hickory. See Pecan.

PACATE
Pa"cate, a. [L. pacatus, p. p. of pacare to pacify, fr. pax, pacis,
peace. See Pay to requite, Peace.]

Defn: Appeased; pacified; tranquil. [R.]

PACATED
Pa"ca*ted, a.

Defn: Pacified; pacate.

PACATION
Pa*ca"tion, n. [L. pacatio.]

Defn: The act of pacifying; a peacemaking.  Coleridge.

PACER
Pa"cer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, paces; especially, a horse that paces.

PACHACAMAC
Pa`cha*ca*mac", n.

Defn: A divinity worshiped by the ancient Peruvians as the creator of
the universe.

PACHAK
Pa*chak", n. (Bot.)

Defn: The fragrant roots of the Saussurea Costus, exported from India
to China, and used for burning as incense. It is supposed to be the
costus of the ancients. [Written also putchuck.]

PACHALIC
Pa*cha"lic, a. & n.

Defn: See Pashalic.

PACHISI; PARCHESI; PARCHISI; PARCHEESI
Pa*chi"si, n. Commonly spelt Par*che"si, Par*chi"si, Par*chee"si.

Defn: A game adopted from the Indian game, using disks, as of
pasteboard, and dice. [U. S. & Eng.]

PACHISI; PARCHESI
Pa*chi"si, Par*che"si, n. [Hind., fr. pachis twenty-five, the highest
throw in the game.]

Defn: A game, somewhat resembling backgammon, originating in India.

PACHOMETER
Pa*chom"e*ter, n. [Gr. pa`chos thickness + -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring thickness, as of the glass of a
mirror, or of paper; a pachymeter.

PACHONTA
Pa*chon"ta, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A substance resembling gutta-percha, and used to adulterate it,
obtained from the East Indian tree Isonandra acuminata.

PACHUCA TANK
Pa*chu"ca tank. (Metallurgy)

Defn: A high and narrow tank, with a central cylinder for the
introduction of compressed air, used in the agitation and settling of
pulp (pulverized ore and water) during treatment by the cyanide
process; -- so named because, though originally devised in New
Zealand, it was first practically introduced in Pachuca, Mexico.

PACHY-
Pach"y-. [Gr.  thick.]

Defn: A combining form meaning thick; as, pachyderm, pachydactyl.

PACHYCARPOUS
Pach`y*car"pous, a. [Pachy- + Gr.  fruit.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the pericarp thick.

PACHYDACTYL
Pach`y*dac"tyl, n. [Pachy- + dactyl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird or other animal having thick toes.

PACHYDACTYLOUS
Pach`y*dac"tyl*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having thick toes.

PACHYDERM
Pach"y*derm, n. [Cf. F. pachyderme.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Pachydermata.

PACHYDERMAL
Pach`y*der"mal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or relating to the pachyderms; as, pachydermal dentition.

PACHYDERMATA
Pach`y*der"ma*ta, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr.  thick-skinned; pachy`s thick
+  skin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of hoofed mammals distinguished for the thickness of
their skins, including the elephant, hippopotamus, rhinoceros, tapir,
horse, and hog. It is now considered an artificial group.

PACHYDERMATOUS
Pach`y*der"ma*tous, a.

1. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the pachyderms.

2. Thick-skinned; not sensitive to ridicule.

PACHYDERMOID
Pach`y*der"moid, a. [Pachyderm + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Related to the pachyderms.

PACHYGLOSSAL
Pach`y*glos"sal, a. [Pachy- + Gr.  tongue.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a thick tongue; --applied to a group of lizards
(Pachyglossæ), including the iguanas and agamas.

PACHYMENINGITIS
Pach`y*men`in*gi"tis, n. [Pachy-+ meningitis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the dura mater or outer membrane of the brain.

PACHYMETER
Pa*chym"e*ter, n. [Pachy- + -meter.]

Defn: Same as Pachometer.

PACHYOTE
Pach"y*ote, n. [Pachy- + Gr. , , ear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a family of bats, including those which have thick
external ears.

PACIFIABLE
Pac"i*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being pacified or appeased; placable.

PACIFIC
Pa*cif"ic, a. [L. pacificus: cf. F. pacifique. See Pacify.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to peace; suited to make or restore peace; of
a peaceful character; not warlike; not quarrelsome; conciliatory; as,
pacific words or acts; a pacific nature or condition.

Pacific Ocean, the ocean between America and Asia, so called by
Magellan, its first European navigator, on account of the exemption
from violent tempests which he enjoyed while sailing over it; --
called also, simply, the Pacific, and, formerly, the South sea.

Syn. -- Peacemaking; appeasing; conciliatory; tranquil; calm; quiet;
peaceful; reconciling; mild; gentle.

PACIFICABLE
Pa*cif"ic*a*ble, a.

Defn: Placable. [R.]  Bp. Hall.

PACIFICAL
Pa*cif"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to peace; pacific. [R.] Sir H. Wotton. --
Pa*cif"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.]

PACIFICATION
Pa*cif`i*ca"tion, n. [L. pacificatio: cf. F. pacification. See
Pacify.]

Defn: The act or process of pacifying, or of making peace between
parties at variance; reconciliation. "An embassy of pacification."
Bacon.

PACIFICATOR
Pa*cif"i*ca`tor, n. [L.]

Defn: One who, or that which, pacifies; a peacemaker.  Bacon.

PACIFICATORY
Pa*cif"i*ca*to*ry, a. [L. pacificatorius.]

Defn: Tending to make peace; conciliatory.  Barrow.

PACIFICO
Pa*ci"fi*co, n. [Sp. See Pacific.]

Defn: A peaceful person; -- applied specif. by the Spaniards to the
natives in Cuba and the Philippine Islands who did not oppose the
Spanish arms.

While we were going through the woods one of the pacificos pointed to
a new grave.
Harper's Weekly.

PACIFIER
Pac"i*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who pacifies.

PACIFY
Pac"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pacified; p. pr. & vb. n. Pacifying.]
[F. pacifier, L. pacificare; pax, pacis, peace + -ficare (in comp.)
to make. See Peace, and -fy.]

Defn: To make to be at peace; to appease; to calm; to still; to
quiet; to allay the agitation, excitement, or resentment of; to
tranquillize; as, to pacify a man when angry; to pacify pride,
appetite, or importunity. "Pray ye, pacify yourself." Shak.

To pacify and settle those countries.
Bacon.

PACINIAN
Pa*cin"i*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or discovered by, Filippo Pacini, an Italian
physician of the 19th century.

Pacinian corpuscles, small oval bodies terminating some of the minute
branches of the sensory nerves in the integument and other parts of
the body. They are supposed to be tactile organs.

PACK
Pack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Packed; p. pr. & vb. n. Packing.] Etym:
[Akin to D. pakken, G. packen, Dan. pakke, Sw. packa, Icel. pakka.
See Pack, n.]

1. To make a pack of; to arrange closely and securely in a pack;
hence, to place and arrange compactly as in a pack; to press into
close order or narrow compass; as to pack goods in a box; to pack
fish.
Strange materials packed up with wonderful art. Addison.
Where . . . the bones Of all my buried ancestors are packed. Shak.

2. To fill in the manner of a pack, that is, compactly and securely,
as for transportation; hence, to fill closely or to repletion; to
stow away within; to cause to be full; to crowd into; as, to pack a
trunk; the play, or the audience, packs the theater.

3. To sort and arrange (the cards) in a pack so as to secure the game
unfairly.
And mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown. Pope.

4. Hence: To bring together or make up unfairly and fraudulently, in
order to secure a certain result; as, to pack a jury or a causes.
The expected council was dwindling into . . . a packed assembly of
Italian bishops. Atterbury.

5. To contrive unfairly or fraudulently; to plot. [Obs.]
He lost life . . . upon a nice point subtilely devised and packed by
his enemies. Fuller.

6. To load with a pack; hence, to load; to encumber; as, to pack a
horse.
Our thighs packed with wax, our mouths with honey. Shack.

7. To cause to go; to send away with baggage or belongings; esp., to
send away peremptorily or suddenly; -- sometimes with off; as, to
pack a boy off to school.
He . . . must not die
Till George be packed with post horse up to heaven. Shak.

8. To transport in a pack, or in the manner of a pack (i. e., on the
backs of men or beasts). [Western U.S.]

9. (Hydropathy)

Defn: To envelop in a wet or dry sheet, within numerous coverings.
See Pack, n., 5.

10. (Mech.)

Defn: To render impervious, as by filling or surrounding with
suitable material, or to fit or adjust so as to move without giving
passage to air, water, or steam; as, to pack a joint; to pack the
piston of a steam engine.

PACK
Pack, v. i.

1. To make up packs, bales, or bundles; to stow articles securely for
transportation.

2. To admit of stowage, or of making up for transportation or
storage; to become compressed or to settle together, so as to form a
compact mass; as, the goods pack conveniently; wet snow packs well.

3. To gather in flocks or schools; as, the grouse or the perch begin
to pack. [Eng.]

4. To depart in haste; -- generally with off or away.
Poor Stella must pack off to town Swift.
You shall pack, And never more darken my doors again. Tennyson.

5. To unite in bad measures; to confederate for ill purposes; to join
in collusion. [Obs.] "Go pack with him." Shak. To send packing, to
drive away; to send off roughly or in disgrace; to dismiss
unceremoniously. "The parliament . . . presently sent him packing.
South.

PACKAGE
Pack"age, n.

1. Act or process of packing.

2. A bundle made up for transportation; a packet; a bale; a parcel;
as, a package of goods.

3. A charge made for packing goods.

4. A duty formerly charged in the port of London on goods imported or
exported by aliens, or by denizens who were the sons of aliens.

PACKER
Pack"er, n.

Defn: A person whose business is to pack things; especially, one who
packs food for preservation; as, a pork packer.

PACKET
Pack"et, n. Etym: [F. paquet, dim. fr. LL. paccus, from the same
source as E. pack. See Pack.]

1. A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; as, a packet
of letters. Shak.

2. Originally, a vessel employed by government to convey dispatches
or mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying dispatches, mails,
passengers, and goods, and having fixed days of sailing; a mail boat.
Packet boat, ship, or vessel. See Packet, n., 2.
 -- Packet day, the day for mailing letters to go by packet; or the
sailing day.
 -- Packet note or post. See under Paper.

PACKET
Pack"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Packeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Packeting.]

1. To make up into a packet or bundle.

2. To send in a packet or dispatch vessel.
Her husband Was packeted to France. Ford.

PACKET
Pack"et, v. i.

Defn: To ply with a packet or dispatch boat.

PACKFONG
Pack"fong`, n. Etym: [Chin. peh tung.] (Metal.)

Defn: A Chinese alloy of nickel, zinc, and copper, resembling German
silver.

PACK HERSE
Pack herse.

Defn: See under 2d Pack.

PACKHOUSE
Pack"house`, n.

Defn: Warehouse for storing goods.

PACKING
Pack"ing, n.

1. The act or process of one who packs.

2. Any material used to pack, fill up, or make close. Specifically
(Mach.):

Defn: A substance or piece used to make a joint impervious; as:
(a) A thin layer, or sheet, of yielding or elastic material inserted
between the surfaces of a flange joint.
(b) The substance in a stuffing box, through which a piston rod
slides.
(c) A yielding ring, as of metal, which surrounds a piston and
maintains a tight fit, as inside a cylinder, etc.

3. (Masonry)

Defn: Same as Filling. [Rare in the U. S.]

4. A trick; collusion. [Obs.] Bale. Cherd packing (Bridge Building),
the arrangement, side by side, of several parts, as bars, diagonals,
a post, etc., on a pin at the bottom of a chord. Waddell.
 -- Packing box, a stuffing box. See under Stuffing.
 -- Packing press, a powerful press for baling cotton, wool, hay,
etc.
 -- Packing ring. See Packing, 2 (c), and Illust. of Piston.
 -- Packing sheet. (a) A large cloth for packing goods. (b) A sheet
prepared for packing hydropathic patients.

PACKMAN
Pack"man, n.; pl. Packmen (.

Defn: One who bears a pack; a peddler.

PACK SADDLE; PACK THREAD
Pack saddle, Pack thread.

Defn: See under 2d Pack.

PACKWAX
Pack"wax`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Paxwax.

PACKWAY
Pack"way`, n.

Defn: A path, as over mountains, followed by pack animals.

PACO; PACOS
Pa"co, Pa"cos, n. Etym: [Sp. paco, fr. Peruv. paco. Cf. Alpaca.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Alpaca.

2. Etym: [Peruv. paco, pacu, red, reddish, reddish ore containing
silver; perh. a different word.] (Min.)

Defn: An earthy-looking ore, consisting of brown oxide of iron with
minute particles of native silver. Ure.

PACT
Pact, n. Etym: [L. pactum, fr. paciscere to make a bargain or
contract, fr. pacere to settle, or agree upon; cf. pangere to fasten,
Gr. paca bond, and E. fang: cf. F. pacie. Cf. Peace, Fadge, v.]

Defn: An agreement; a league; a compact; a covenant. Bacon.
The engagement and pact of society whish goes by the name of the
constitution. Burke.

PACTION
Pac"tion, n. Etym: [L. pactio: cf. F. paction. See Pact.]

Defn: An agreement; a compact; a bargain. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

PACTIONAL
Pac"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of the nature of, or by means of, a paction. Bp. Sanderson.

PACTITIOUS
Pac*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. pactitius, pacticius.]

Defn: Setted by a pact, or agreement. [R.] Johnson.

PACTOLIAN
Pac*to"li*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the Pactolus, a river in ancient Lydia famous for
its golden sands.

PACU
Pa"cu, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American freah-water fish (Myleies pacu), of the family
Characinidæ. It is highly esteemed as food.

PAD
Pad, n. Etym: [D. pad. sq. root21. See Path.]

1. A footpath; a road. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

2. An easy-paced horse; a padnag. Addison
An abbot on an ambling pad. Tennyson.

3. A robber that infests the road on foot; a highwayman; -- usually
called a footpad. Gay. Byron.

4. The act of robbing on the highway. [Obs.]

PAD
Pad, v. t.

Defn: To travel upon foot; to tread. [Obs.]
Padding the streets for half a crown. Somerville.

PAD
Pad, v. i.

1. To travel heavily or slowly. Bunyan.

2. To rob on foot. [Obs.] Cotton Mather.

3. To wear a path by walking. [Prov. Eng.]

PAD
Pad, n. Etym: [Perh. akin to pod.]

1. A soft, or small, cushion; a mass of anything soft; stuffing.

2. A kind of cushion for writing upon, or for blotting; esp., one
formed of many flat sheets of writing paper, or layers of blotting
paper; a block of paper.

3. A cushion used as a saddle without a tree or frame.

4. A stuffed guard or protection; esp., one worn on the legs of
horses to prevent bruising.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cushionlike thickening of the skin one the under side of the
toes of animals.

6. A floating leaf of a water lily or similar plant.

7. (Med.)

Defn: A soft bag or cushion to relieve pressure, support a part, etc.

8. (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of timber fixed on a beam to fit the curve of the deck.
W. C. Russel.

9. A measure for fish; as, sixty mackerel go to a pad; a basket of
soles. [Eng.] Simmonds. Pad cloth, a saddlecloth; a housing.
 -- Pad saddle. See def. 3, above.
 -- Pad tree (Harness Making), a piece of wood or metal which gives
rigidity and shape to a harness pad. Knight.

PAD
Pad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Padded; p. pr. & vb. n. Padding.]

1. To stuff; to furnish with a pad or padding.

2. (Calico Printing)

Defn: To imbue uniformly with a mordant; as, to pad cloth. Ure.

PADAR
Pad"ar, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Groats; coarse flour or meal. [Obs.] Sir. H. Wotton.

PADDER
Pad"der, n.

1. One who, or that which, pads.

2. A highwayman; a footpad. [Obs.]

PADDING
Pad"ding, n.

1. The act or process of making a pad or of inserting stuffing.

2. The material with which anything is padded.

3. Material of inferior value, serving to extend a book, essay, etc.
London Sat. Rev.

4. (Calico Printing)

Defn: The uniform impregnation of cloth with a mordant.

PADDLE
Pad"dle, v. i. Etym: [Prob. for pattle, and a dim. of pat, v.; cf.
also E. pad to tread, Prov. G. paddeln, padden, to walk with short
steps, to paddle, G. patschen to splash, dash, dabble, F. patouiller
to dabble, splash, fr. patte a paw.

1. To use the hands or fingers in toying; to make caressing strokes.
[Obs.] Shak.

2. To dabble in water with hands or feet; to use a paddle, or
something which serves as a paddle, in swimming, in paddling a boat,
etc.
As the men were paddling for their lives. L'Estrange.
While paddling ducks the standing lake desire. Gay.

PADDLE
Pad"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Paddling]

1. To pat or stroke amorously, or gently.
To be paddling palms and pinching fingers. Shak.

2. To propel with, or as with, a paddle or paddles.

3. To pad; to tread upon; to trample. [Prov. Eng.]

PADDLE
Pad"dle, n. Etym: [See Paddle, v. i.]

1. An implement with a broad blade, which is used without a fixed
fulcrum in propelling and steering canoes and boats.

2. The broad part of a paddle, with which the stroke is made; hence,
any short, broad blade, resembling that of a paddle.
Thou shalt have a paddle upon thy weapon. Deut. xxiii. 13.

3. One of the broad boards, or floats, at the circumference of a
water wheel, or paddle wheel.

4. A small gate in sluices or lock gates to admit or let off water; -
- also called clough.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A paddle-shaped foot, as of the sea turtle.

6. A paddle-shaped implement for string or mixing.

7. Etym: [In this sense prob. for older spaddle, a dim. of spade.]

Defn: See Paddle staff (b), below. [Prov. Eng.] Paddle beam
(Shipbuilding), one of two large timbers supporting the spring beam
and paddle box of a steam vessel.
 -- Paddle board. See Paddle, n., 3.
 -- Paddle box, the structure inclosing the upper part of the paddle
wheel of a steam vessel.
 -- Paddle shaft, the revolving shaft which carries the paddle wheel
of a steam vessel.
 -- Paddle staff. (a) A staff tipped with a broad blade, used by mole
catchers. [Prov. Eng.] (b) A long-handled spade used to clean a
plowshare; -- called also plow staff. [Prov. Eng.] -- Paddle steamer,
a steam vessel propelled by paddle wheels, in distinction from a
screw propeller.
 -- Paddle wheel, the propelling wheel of a steam vessel, having
paddles (or floats) on its circumference, and revolving in a vertical
plane parallel to the vessel's length.

PADDLECOCK
Pad"dle*cock`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lumpfish. [Prov. Eng.]

PADDLEFISH
Pad"dle*fish`, n. (Zoöl)

Defn: A large ganoid fish (Polyodon spathula) found in the rivers of
the Mississippi Valley. It has a long spatula-shaped snout. Called
also duck-billed cat, and spoonbill sturgeon.

PADDLER
Pad"dler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, paddles.

PADDLER
Pad"dler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, paddles.

PADDLEWOOD
Pad"dle*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The light elastic wood of the Aspidosperma excelsum, a tree of
Guiana having a fluted trunk readily split into planks.

PADDOCK
Pad"dock, n. Etym: [OE. padde toad, frog + -ock; akin to D. pad,
padde, toad, Icel. & Sw. padda, Dan. padde.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A toad or frog. Wyclif. "Loathed paddocks." Spenser Paddock
pipe (Bot.), a hollow-stemmed plant of the genus Equisetum,
especially E. limosum and the fruiting stems of E. arvense; -- called
also padow pipe and toad pipe. See Equisetum.
 -- Paddock stone. See Toadstone.
 -- Paddock stool (Bot.),a toadstool.

PADDOCK
Pad"dock, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. parrock. See Parrock.]

1. A small inclosure or park for sporting. [Obs.]

2. A small inclosure for pasture; esp., one adjoining a stable.
Evelyn. Cowper.

PADDY
Pad"dy, a. Etym: [Prov. E. paddy worm-eaten.]

Defn: Low; mean; boorish; vagabond. "Such pady persons." Digges
(1585). "The paddy persons." Motley.

PADDY
Pad"dy, n.; pl. Paddies. Etym: [Corrupted fr. St. Patrick, the
tutelar saint of Ireland.]

Defn: A jocose or contemptuous name for an Irishman.

PADDY
Pad"dy, n. Etym: [Either fr. Canarese bhatta or Malay padi.] (Bot.)

Defn: Unhusked rice; -- commonly so called in the East Indies. Paddy
bird. (Zoöl.) See Java sparrow, under Java.

PAD ELEPHANT
Pad elephant.

Defn: An elephant that is furnished with a pad for carrying burdens
instead of with a howdah for carrying passengers.

PADELION
Pad`e*li"on, n. Etym: [F. pas de lionon's foot.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant with pedately lobed leaves; the lady's mantle.

PADELLA
Pa*del"la, n. Etym: [It., prop., a pan, a friing pan, fr. L. patella
a pan.]

Defn: A large cup or deep saucer, containing fatty matter in which a
wick is placed, -- used for public illuminations, as at St. Peter's,
in Rome. Called also padelle.

PADEMELON
Pad`e*mel"on, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wallaby.

PADESOY
Pad"e*soy`, n.

Defn: See Paduasoy.

PADGE
Padge, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The barn owl; -- called also pudge, and pudge owl. [Prov. Eng.]

PADISHAH
Pa`di*shah", n. Etym: [Per. padishah. Cf. Pasha.]

Defn: Chief ruler; monarch; sovereign; -- a title of the Sultan of
Turkey, and of the Shah of Persia.

PADLOCK
Pad"lock`, n. Etym: [Perh. orig., a lock for a pad gate, or a gate
opening to a path, or perh., a lock for a basket or pannier, and from
Prov. E. pad a pannier. Cf. Pad a path, Paddler.]

1. A portable lock with a bow which is usually jointed or pivoted at
one end so that it can be opened, the other end being fastened by the
bolt, -- used for fastening by passing the bow through a staple over
a hasp or through the links of a chain, etc.

2. Fig.: A curb; a restraint.

PADLOCK
Pad"lock`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Padlocked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Padlocking.]

Defn: To fasten with, or as with, a padlock; to stop; to shut; to
confine as by a padlock. Milton. Tennyson.

PADNAG
Pad"nag`, n. Etym: [lst pad + nag.]

Defn: An ambling nag. "An easy padnag." Macaulay.

PADOW
Pad"ow, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A paddock, or toad. Padow pipe. (Bot.) See Paddock pipe, under
Paddock.

PADRE
Pa"dre, n.; pl. Sp. & Pg. Padres (#); It. Padri (#). [Sp., Pg., &
It., fr. L. pater father. See Father.]

1. A Christian priest or monk; -- used in Italy, Spain, Portugal, and
Spanish America.

2.  In India (from the Portuguese), any Christian minister; also, a
priest of the native region. Kipling.

PADRONE
Pa*dro"ne, n.; pl. It. Padroni, E. Padrones. Etym: [It. See Patron.]

1. A patron; a protector.

2. The master of a small coaster in the Mediterranean.

3. A man who imports, and controls the earnings of, Italian laborers,
street musicians, etc.

PADUASOY
Pad`u*a*soy", n. Etym: [From Padua, in Italy + F. soie silk; or cf.
F. pou-de-soie.]

Defn: A rich and heavy silk stuff. [Written also padesoy.]

PADUCAHS
Pa*du"cahs, n. pl.; sing. Paducah (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: See Comanches.

PAEAN
Pæ"an, n. Etym: [L. paean, Gr. Pæon, Peony.] [Written also pean.]

1. An ancient Greek hymn in honor of Apollo as a healing deity, and,
later, a song addressed to other deities.

2. Any loud and joyous song; a song of triumph. Dryden. "Public pæans
of congratulation." De Quincey.

3. See Pæon.

PAEDOBAPTISM
Pæ`do*bap"tism, n.

Defn: Pedobaptism.

PAEDOGENESIS
Pæ`do*gen"esis, n. Etym: [Gr. , , child + E. genesis.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Reproduction by young or larval animals.

PAEDOGENETIC
Pæ`do*ge*net"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing young while in the immature or larval state; -- said
of certain insects, etc.

PAEON
Pæ"on, n. Etym: [L. paeon, Gr. a solemn song, also, a pæon, equiv. to
Pæan.] (Anc. Poet.)

Defn: A foot of four syllables, one long and three short, admitting
of four combinations, according to the place of the long syllable.
[Written also, less correctly, pæan.]

PAEONINE
Pæ"o*nine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An artifical red nitrogenous dyestuff, called also red
coralline.

PAEONY
Pæ"o*ny, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Peony.

PAGAN
Pa"gan, n. Etym: [L. paganus a countryman, peasant, villager, a
pagan, fr. paganus of or pertaining to the country, rustic, also,
pagan, fr. pagus a district, canton, the country, perh. orig., a
district with fixed boundaries: cf. pangere to fasten. Cf. Painim,
Peasant, and Pact, also Heathen.]

Defn: One who worships false goods; an idolater; a heathen; one who
is neither a Christian, a Mohammedan, nor a Jew.
Neither having the accent of Christians, nor the gait of Christian,
pagan, nor man. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Gentile; heathen; idolater.
 -- Pagan, Gentile, Heathen. Gentile was applied to the other nations
of the earth as distinguished from the Jews. Pagan was the name given
to idolaters in the early Christian church, because the villagers,
being most remote from the centers of instruction, remained for a
long time unconverted. Heathen has the same origin. Pagan is now more
properly applied to rude and uncivilized idolaters, while heathen
embraces all who practice idolatry.

PAGAN
Pa"gan, a. Etym: [L. paganus of or pertaining to the country, pagan.
See Pagan, n.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to pagans; relating to the worship or the
worshipers of false goods; heathen; idolatrous, as, pagan tribes or
superstitions.
And all the rites of pagan honor paid. Dryden.

PAGANDOM
Pa"gan*dom, n.

Defn: The pagan lands; pagans, collectively; paganism. [R.]

PAGANIC; PAGANICAL
Pa*gan"ic, Pa*gan"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pagans or paganism; heathenish; paganish.
[R.] "The paganic fables of the goods." Cudworth.
 -- Pa*gan"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.]

PAGANISH
Pa"gan*ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pagans; heathenish. "The old paganish
idolatry." Sharp

PAGANISM
Pa"gan*ism, n. Etym: [L. paganismus: cf. F. paganisme. See Pagan, and
cf. Painim.]

Defn: The state of being pagan; pagan characteristics; esp., the
worship of idols or false gods, or the system of religious opinions
and worship maintained by pagans; heathenism.

PAGANITY
Pa*gan"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. Paganitas.]

Defn: The state of being a pagan; paganism. [R.] Cudworth.

PAGANIZE
Pa"gan*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paganized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Paganizing.]

Defn: To render pagan or heathenish; to convert to paganism.
Hallywell.

PAGANIZE
Pa"gan*ize, v. i.

Defn: To behave like pagans. Milton.

PAGANLY
Pa"gan*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pagan manner. Dr. H. More.

PAGE
Page, n. Etym: [F., fr. It. paggio, LL. pagius, fr. Gr. puer. Cf.
Pedagogue, Puerile.]

1. A serving boy; formerly, a youth attending a person of high
degree, especially at courts, as a position of honor and education;
now commonly, in England, a youth employed for doin errands, waiting
on the door, and similar service in households; in the United States,
a boy emploed to wait upon the members of a legislative body.
He had two pages of honor -- on either hand one. Bacon.

2. A boy child. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. A contrivance, as a band, pin, snap, or the like, to hold the
skirt of a woman's dress from the ground.

4. (Brickmaking.)

Defn: A track along which pallets carrying newly molded bricks are
conveyed to the hack.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of beautiful South American moths of
the genus Urania.

PAGE
Page, v. t.

Defn: To attend (one) as a page. [Obs.] Shak.

PAGE
Page, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. pagina; prob. akin to pagere, pangere, to
fasten, fix, make, the pages or leaves being fastened together. Cf.
Pact, Pageant, Pagination.]

1. One side of a leaf of a book or manuscript.
Such was the book from whose pages she sang. Longfellow.

2. Fig.: A record; a writing; as, the page of history.

3. (Print.)

Defn: The type set up for printing a page.

PAGE
Page, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paged; p. pr. & vb. n. Paging.]

Defn: To mark or number the pages of, as a book or manuskript; to
furnish with folios.

PAGEANT
Pag"eant, n. Etym: [OE. pagent, pagen, originally, a movable scaffold
or stage, hence, what was exhibited on it, fr. LL. pagina, akin to
pangere to fasten; cf. L. pagina page, leaf, slab, compaginare to
join together, compages a joining together, structure. See Pact, Page
of a book.]

1. A theatrical exhibition; a spectacle. "A pageant truly played."
Shak.
To see sad pageants of men's miseries. Spenser.

2. An elaborate exhibition devised for the entertainmeut of a
distinguished personage, or of the public; a show, spectacle, or
display.
The gaze of fools, and pageant of a day ! Pope.
We love the man, the paltry pageant you. Cowper.

PAGEANT
Pag"eant, a.

Defn: Of the nature of a pageant; spectacular. "Pageant pomp."
Dryden.

PAGEANT
Pag"eant, v. t.

Defn: To exhibit in show; to represent; to mimic. [R.] "He pageants
us." Shak.

PAGEANTRY
Pag"eant*ry, n.

Defn: Scenic shows or spectacles, taken collectivelly; spectacular
guality; splendor.
Such pageantry be to the people shown. Dryden.
The pageantry of festival. J. A. Symonds.

Syn.
 -- Pomp; parade; show; display; spectacle.

PAGEHOOD
Page"hood, n.

Defn: The state of being a page.

PAGINA
Pag"i*na, n.; pl. Paginæ. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: The surface of a leaf or of a flattened thallus.

PAGINAL
Pag"i*nal, a. Etym: [L. paginalis.]

Defn: Consisting of pages. "Paginal books." Sir T. Browne.

PAGINATION
Pag`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of paging a book; also, the characters used
in numbering the pages; page number. Lowndes.

PAGING
Pa"ging, n.

Defn: The marking or numbering of the pages of a book.

PAGOD
Pa"god, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pagode. See Pagoda.]

1. A pagoda. [R.] "Or some queer pagod." Pope.

2. An idol. [Obs.] Bp. Stillingfleet.

PAGODA
Pa*go"da, n. Etym: [Pg. pagoda, pagode, fr.Hind. & Per. but-kadah a
house of idols, or abode of God; Per. but an idol + kadah a house, a
temple.]

1. A term by which Europeans designate religious temples and tower-
like buildings of the Hindoos and Buddhists of India, Farther India,
China, and Japan, -- usually but not always, devoted to idol worship.

2. An idol. [R.] Brande & C.

3. Etym: [Prob. so named from the image of a pagoda or a deity (cf.
Skr. bhagavat holy, divine) stamped on it.]

Defn: A gold or silver coin, of various kinds and values, formerly
current in India. The Madras gold pagoda was worth about three and a
half rupees.

PAGODA SLEEVE
Pa*go"da sleeve. (Costume)

Defn: A funnel-shaped sleeve arranged to show the sleeve lining and
an inner sleeve.

PAGODITE
Pa*go"dite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Agalmatolite; -- so called because sometimes carved by the
Chinese into the form of pagodas. See Agalmatolite.

PAGUMA
Pa*gu"ma, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of East Indian viverrine mammals of
the genus Paguma. They resemble a weasel in form.

PAGURIAN
Pa*gu"ri*an, n. Etym: [L. pagurus a kind of crab, Gr. .] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of a tribe of anomuran crustaceans, of which Pagurus is
a type; the hermit crab. See Hermit crab, under Hermit.

PAH
Pah, interj.

Defn: An exclamation expressing disgust or contempt. See Bah.
Fie! fie! fie! pah! pah! Give me an ounce of civet, good apothecary,
to sweeten my imagination. Shak.

PAH
Pah, n. Etym: [From native name.]

Defn: A kind of stockaded intrenchment. [New Zealand.] Farrow.

PAHI
Pa"hi, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A large war canoe of the Society Islands.

PAHLEVI
Pah"le*vi, n.

Defn: Same as Pehlevi.

PAHOEHOE
Pa*ho"e*ho`e, n. (Min.)

Defn: A name given in the Sandwich Islands to lava having a
relatively smooth surface, in distinction from the rough-surfaced
lava, called a-a.

PAHUTES
Pah"*Utes`, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: See Utes.

PAID
Paid, imp., p. p., & a. of Pay.

1. Receiving pay; compensated; hired; as, a paid attorney.

2. Satisfied; contented. [Obs.] "Paid of his poverty." Chaucer.

PAIDEUTICS
Pai*deu"tics, n. Etym: [Gr. , fr. to teach, fr. ,, a boy.]

Defn: The science or art of teaching.

PAIEN
Pai"en, n. & a.

Defn: Pagan. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PAIGLE
Pai"gle, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Primula, either the cowslip or the primrose.
[Written also pagle, pagil, peagle, and pygil.]

PAIJAMA
Pai*ja"ma, n.

Defn: Pyjama.

PAIL
Pail, n. Etym: [OE. paile, AS. pægel a wine vessel, a pail, akin to
D. & G. pegel a watermark, a gauge rod, a measure of wine, Dan. pægel
half a pint.]

Defn: A vessel of wood or tin, etc., usually cylindrical and having a
bail, -- used esp. for carrying liquids, as water or milk, etc.; a
bucket. It may, or may not, have a cover. Shak.

PAILFUL
Pail"ful, n.; pl. Pailfuls (.

Defn: The quantity that a pail will hold. "By pailfuls." Shak.

PAILLASSE
Pail*lasse" (; F. , n. Etym: [F., fr. paille straw. See Pallet a
bed.]

Defn: An under bed or mattress of straw. [Written also palliasse.]

PAILLON
Pail`lon", n.; pl. -lions (#). [F., fr. paille straw.]

Defn: A thin leaf of metal, as for use in gilding or enameling, or to
show through a translucent medium.

PAILMALL
Pail`mall", n. & a.

Defn: See Pall-mall. [Obs.]

PAIN
Pain, n. Etym: [OE. peine, F. peine, fr. L. poena, penalty,
punishment, torment, pain; akin to Gr. penalty. Cf. Penal, Pine to
languish, Punish.]

1. Punishment suffered or denounced; suffering or evil inflicted as a
punishment for crime, or connected with the commission of a crime;
penalty. Chaucer.
We will, by way of mulct or pain, lay it upon him. Bacon.
Interpose, on pain of my displeasure. Dryden.
None shall presume to fly, under pain of death. Addison.

2. Any uneasy sensation in animal bodies, from slight uneasiness to
extreme distress or torture, proceeding from a derangement of
functions, disease, or injury by violence; bodily distress; bodily
suffering; an ache; a smart. "The pain of Jesus Christ." Chaucer.

Note: Pain may occur in any part of the body where sensory nerves are
distributed, and it is always due to some kind of stimulation of
them. The sensation is generally referred to the peripheral end of
the nerve.

3. pl.

Defn: Specifically, the throes or travail of childbirth.
She bowed herself and travailed, for her pains came upon her. 1 Sam.
iv. 19.

4. Uneasiness of mind; mental distress; disquietude; anxiety; grief;
solicitude; anguish. Chaucer.
In rapture as in pain. Keble.

5. See Pains, labor, effort. Bill of pains and penalties. See under
Bill.
 -- To die in the pain, to be tortured to death. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PAIN
Pain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pained; p. pr. & vb. n. Paining.] Etym:
[OE. peinen, OF. pener, F. peiner to fatigue. See Pain, n.]

1. To inflict suffering upon as a penalty; to punish. [Obs.] Wyclif
(Acts xxii. 5).

2. To put to bodily uneasiness or anguish; to afflict with uneasy
sensations of any degree of intensity; to torment; to torture; as,
his dinner or his wound pained him; his stomach pained him.
Excess of cold, as well as heat, pains us. Lock

3. To render uneasy in mind; to disquiet; to distress; to grieve; as
a child's faults pain his parents.
I am pained at mJer. iv. 19.
To pain one's self, to exert or trouble one's self; to take pains; to
be solicitous. [Obs.] "She pained her to do all that she might."
Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- To disquiet; trouble; afflict; grieve; aggrieve; distress;
agonize; torment; torture.

PAINABLE
Pain"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pénible.]

Defn: Causing pain; painful. [Obs.]
The manacles of Astyages were not . . . the less weighty and painable
for being composed of gold or silver. Evelyn.

PAINFUL
Pain"ful, a.

1. Full of pain; causing uneasiness or distress, either physical or
mental; afflictive; disquieting; distressing Addison.

2. Requiring labor or toil; difficult; executed with laborious
effort; as a painful service; a painful march.

3. Painstaking; careful; industrious. [Obs.] Fuller.
A very painful person, and a great clerk. Jer. Taylor.
Nor must the painful husbandman be tired. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Disquieting; troublesome; afflictive; distressing; grievous;
laborious; toilsome; difficult; arduous.
 -- Pain"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Pain"ful*ness, n.

PAINIM
Pai"nim, n.Etym: [OE. painime pagans, paganism, fr. OF. paienisme
paganism, LL. paganismus. See Paganism, Pagan.]

Defn: A pagan; an infidel; -- used also adjectively. [Written also
panim and paynim.] Peacham.

PAINLESS
Pain"less, a.

Defn: Free from pain; without pain.
 -- Pain"less*ly, adv.
 -- Pain"less*ness, n.

PAINS
Pains, n.

Defn: Labor; toilsome effort; care or trouble taken; -- plural in
form, but used with a singular or plural verb, commonly the former.
And all my pains is sorted to no proof. Shak.
The pains they had taken was very great. Clarendon.
The labored earth your pains have sowed and tilled. Dryden.

PAINSTAKER
Pains"tak`er, n.

Defn: One who takes pains; one careful and faithful in all work. Gay.

PAINSTAKING
Pains"tak`ing, a.

Defn: Careful in doing; diligent; faithful; attentive. "Painstaking
men." Harris.

PAINSTAKING
Pains"tak`ing, n.

Defn: The act of taking pains; carefulness and fidelity in
performance. Beau. & Fl.

PAINSWORTHY
Pains"wor`thy, a.

Defn: Worth the pains o

PAINT
Paint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Painted; p. pr. & vb. n. Painting.] Etym:
[OE. peinten, fr. F. peint, p. p. opeindre to paint, fr. L. pingere,
pictum; cf. Gr. many-colored, Skr. pic to adorn. Cf. Depict, Picture,
Pigment, Pint.]

1. To cover with coloring matter; to apply paint to; as, to paint a
house, a signboard, etc.
Jezebel painted her face and tired her head. 2 Kings ix. 30.

2. Fig.: To color, stain, or tinge; to adorn or beautify with colors;
to diversify with colors.
Not painted with the crimson spots of blood. Shak.
Cuckoo buds of yellow hue Do paint the meadows with delight. Shak.

3. To form in colors a figure or likeness of on a flat surface, as
upon canvas; to represent by means of colors or hues; to exhibit in a
tinted image; to portray with paints; as, to paint a portrait or a
landscape.

4. Fig.: To represent or exhibit to the mind; to describe vividly; to
delineate; to image; to depict.
Disloyal The word is too good to paint out her wickedness. Shak.
If folly grow romantic, I must paint it. Pope.

Syn.
 -- To color; picture; depict; portray; delineate; sketch; draw;
describe.

PAINT
Paint, v. t.

1. To practice the art of painting; as, the artist paints well.

2. To color one's face by way of beautifying it.
Let her paint an inch thick. Shak.

PAINT
Paint, n.

1.
(a) A pigment or coloring substance.
(b) The same prepared with a vehicle, as oil, water with gum, or the
like, for application to a surface.

2. A cosmetic; rouge. Praed.

PAINTED
Paint"ed, a.

1. Covered or adorned with paint; portrayed in colors.
As idle as a painted ship Upon a painted ocean. Coleridge.

2. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Marked with bright colors; as, the painted turtle; painted
bunting. Painted beauty (Zoöl.), a handsome American butterfly
(Vanessa Huntera), having a variety of bright colors, -- Painted cup
(Bot.), any plant of an American genus of herbs (Castilleia) in which
the bracts are usually bright-colored and more showy than the
flowers. Castilleia coccinea has brilliantly scarlet bracts, and is
common in meadows.
 -- Painted finch. See Nonpareil.
 -- Painted lady (Zoöl.), a bright-colored butterfly. See Thistle
butterfly.
 -- Painted turtle (Zoöl.), a common American freshwater tortoise
(Chrysemys picta), having bright red and yellow markings beneath.

PAINTER
Paint"er, n. Etym: [OE, pantere a noose, snare, F. pantière, LL.
panthera, L. panther a hunting net, fr. Gr. ; painteir a net, gin,
snare, Gael. painntear.] (Naut.)

Defn: A rope at the bow of a boat, used to fasten it to anything.
Totten.

PAINTER
Paint"er, n. Etym: [Corrupt. of panther.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The panther, or puma. [A form representing an illiterate
pronunciation, U. S.] J. F. Cooper.

PAINTER
Paint"er, n. Etym: [See lst Paint.]

Defn: One whose occupation is to paint; esp.:
(a) One who covers buildings, ships, ironwork, and the like, with
paint.
(b) An artist who represents objects or scenes in color on a flat
surface, as canvas, plaster, or the like. Painter's colic. (Med.) See
Lead colic, under Colic.
 -- Painter stainer. (a) A painter of coats of arms. Crabb. (b) A
member of a livery company or guild in London, bearing this name.

PAINTERLY
Paint"er*ly, a.

Defn: Like a painter's work. [Obs.] "A painterly glose of a visage."
Sir P. Sidney.

PAINTERSHIP
Paint"er*ship, n.

Defn: The state or position of being a painter. [R.] Br. Gardiner.

PAINTING
Paint"ing, n.

1. The act or employment of laying on, or adorning with, paints or
colors.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The work of the painter; also, any work of art in which objects
are represented in color on a flat surface; a colored representation
of any object or scene; a picture.

3. Color laid on; paint. [R.] Shak.

4. A depicting by words; vivid representation in words.

Syn.
 -- See Picture.

PAINTLESS
Paint"less, a.

Defn: Not capable of being painted or described. "In paintless
patience." Savage.

PAINTURE
Pain"ture, n. Etym: [F. peinture. See Paint, v. t., and cf. Picture.]

Defn: The art of painting. [Obs.] Chaucer. Dryden.

PAINTY
Paint"y, a.

Defn: Unskillfully painted, so that the painter's method of work is
too obvious; also, having too much pigment applied to the surface.
[Cant]

PAIR
Pair, n. Etym: [F. paire, LL. paria, L. paria, pl. of par pair, fr.
par, adj., equal. Cf. Apparel, Par equality, Peer an equal.]

1. A number of things resembling one another, or belonging together;
a set; as, a pair or flight of stairs. "A pair of beads." Chaucer.
Beau. & Fl. "Four pair of stairs." Macaulay.

Note: [Now mostly or quite disused, except as to stairs.]
Two crowns in my pocket, two pair of cards. Beau. & Fl.

2. Two things of a kind, similar in form, suited to each other, and
intended to be used together; as, a pair of gloves or stockings; a
pair of shoes.

3. Two of a sort; a span; a yoke; a couple; a brace; as, a pair of
horses; a pair of oxen.

4. A married couple; a man and wife. "A happy pair." Dryden. "The
hapless pair." Milton.

5. A single thing, composed of two pieces fitted to each other and
used together; as, a pair of scissors; a pair of tongs; a pair of
bellows.

6. Two members of opposite parties or opinion, as in a parliamentary
body, who mutually agree not to vote on a given question, or on
issues of a party nature during a specified time; as, there were two
pairs on the final vote. [Parliamentary Cant]

7. (Kinematics)

Defn: In a mechanism, two elements, or bodies, which are so applied
to each other as to mutually constrain relative motion.

Note: Pairs are named in accordance with the kind of motion they
permit; thus, a journal and its bearing form a turning pair, a
cylinder and its piston a sliding pair, a screw and its nut a
twisting pair, etc. Any pair in which the constraining contact is
along lines or at points only (as a cam and roller acting together),
is designated a higher pair; any pair having constraining surfaces
which fit each other (as a cylindrical pin and eye, a screw and its
nut, etc.), is called a lower pair. Pair royal (pl. Pairs Royal)
three things of a sort; -- used especially of playing cards in some
games, as cribbage; as three kings, three "eight spots" etc. Four of
a kind are called a double pair royal. "Something in his face gave me
as much pleasure as a pair royal of naturals in my own hand."
Goldsmith. "That great pair royal of adamantine sisters [the Fates]."
Quarles. [Written corruptly parial and prial.]

Syn.
 -- Pair, Flight, Set. Originally, pair was not confined to two
things, but was applied to any number of equal things (pares), that
go together. Ben Jonson speaks of a pair (set) of chessmen; also, he
and Lord Bacon speak of a pair (pack) of cards. A "pair of stairs" is
still in popular use, as well as the later expression, "flight of
stairs."

PAIR
Pair, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paired; p. pr. & vb. n. Pairing.]

1. To be joined in paris; to couple; to mate, as for breeding.

2. To suit; to fit, as a counterpart.
My heart was made to fit and pair with thine. Rowe.

3. Same as To pair off. See phrase below. To pair off, to separate
from a company in pairs or couples; specif. (Parliamentary Cant), to
agree with one of the opposite party or opinion to abstain from
voting on specified questions or issues. See Pair, n., 6.

PAIR
Pair, v. t.

1. To unite in couples; to form a pair of; to bring together, as
things which belong together, or which complement, or are adapted to
one another.
Glossy jet is paired with shining white. Pope.

2. To engage (one's self) with another of opposite opinions not to
vote on a particular question or class of questions. [Parliamentary
Cant] Paired fins. (Zoöl.) See under Fin.

PAIR
Pair, v. t. Etym: [See Impair.]

Defn: To impair. [Obs.] Spenser.

PAIRER
Pair"er, n.

Defn: One who impairs. [Obs.] Wyclif.

PAIRING
Pair"ing, n. Etym: [See Pair, v. i.]

1. The act or process of uniting or arranging in pairs or couples.

2. See To pair off, under Pair, v. i. Pairyng time, the time when
birds or other animals pair.

PAIRMENT
Pair"ment, n.

Defn: Impairment. [Obs.] Wyclif.

PAIS
Pa`is, n. Etym: [OF. puïs, F. pays, country.] (O. E. Law)

Defn: The country; the people of the neighborhood.

Note: A trial per pais is a trial by the country, that is, by a jury;
and matter in pais is matter triable by the country, or jury.

PAISANO
Pa`i*sa"no, n. Etym: [Sp., of the country, (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chaparral cock.

PAISE
Paise, n. Etym: [Obs.]

Defn: See Poise. Chapman.

PAJAMAS
Pa*ja"mas, n. pl. [Hind. pa-jama, paejama, lit., leg closing.]

Defn: Originally, in India, loose drawers or trousers, such as those
worn, tied about the waist, by Mohammedan men and women; by
extension, a similar garment adopted among Europeans, Americans,
etc., for wear in the dressing room and during sleep; also, a suit
consisting of drawers and a loose upper garment for such wear.

PAJOCK
Pa"jock, n.

Defn: A peacock. [Obs.] Shak.

PAKFONG
Pak"fong`, n.

Defn: See Packfong.

PAL
Pal, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A mate; a partner; esp., an accomplice or confederate. [Slang]

PALACE
Pal"ace, n. Etym: [OE. palais, F. palais, fr. L. palatium, fr.
Palatium, one of the seven hills of Rome, Paladin.]

1. The residence of a sovereign, including the lodgings of high
officers of state, and rooms for business, as well as halls for
ceremony and reception. Chaucer.

2. The official residence of a bishop or other distinguished
personage.

3. Loosely, any unusually magnificent or stately house. Palace car.
See under Car.
 -- Palace court, a court having jurisdiction of personal actions
arising within twelve miles of the palace at Whitehall. The court was
abolished in 1849. [Eng.] Mozley & W.

PALACIOUS
Pa*la"cious, a.

Defn: Palatial. [Obs.] Graunt.

PALADIN
Pal"a*din, n. Etym: [F., fr.It. paladino, fr. L. palatinus an officer
of the palace. See Palatine.]

Defn: A knight-errant; a distinguished champion; as, the paladins of
Charlemagne. Sir W. Scott.

PALAEO-
Pa"læ*o-.

Defn: See Paleo-.

PALAEOGRAPHER; PALAEOGRAPHIC
Pa`læ*og"ra*pher, n., Pa`læ*o*graph"ic (, a., etc.

Defn: See Paleographer, Paleographic, etc.

PALAEOTYPE
Pa"læ*o*type, n. Etym: [Palæo- + -type.] (Phon.)

Defn: A system of representing all spoken sounds by means of the
printing types in common use. Ellis.
 -- Pa`læ*o*typ"ic*al, a.
 -- Pa`læ*o*typ"ic*al*ly, adv.

PALAESTRA
Pa*læs"tra, n.

Defn: See Palestra.

PALAESTRIC
Pa*læs"tric, a.

Defn: See Palestric.

PALAETIOLOGIST
Pa*læ`ti*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in palætiology.

PALAETIOLOGY
Pa*læ`ti*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Palæo- + ætiology.]

Defn: The science which explains, by the law of causation, the past
condition and changes of the earth.
 -- Pa*læ`ti*o*log"ic*al, a.

PALAMA
Pal"a*ma, n.; pl. Palamme. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A membrane extending between the toes of a bird, and uniting
them more or less closely together.

PALAMATE
Pal"a*mate, a. [From Palma.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Web-footed.

PALAMEDEAE
Pal`a*me"de*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order, or suborder, including the kamichi, and allied South
American birds; -- called also screamers. In many anatomical
characters they are allied to the Anseres, but they externally
resemble the wading birds.

PALAMPORE
Pal`am*pore", n.

Defn: See Palempore.

PALANKA
Pa*lan"ka, n. Etym: [Cf. It., Pg., & Sp. palanca, fr.L. palanga,
phalanga a pole, Gr. (Mil.)

Defn: A camp permanently intrenched, attached to Turkish frontier
fortresses.

PALANQUIN
Pal`an*quin", n. Etym: [F. palanquin, Pg. palanquim, Javan. palangki,
OJavan. palangkan, through Prakrit fr. Skr. parya, palya, bed, couch;
pari around (akin to E. pref. peri-) + a a hook, flank, probably akin
to E. angle fishing tackle. Cf. Palkee.]

Defn: An inclosed carriage or litter, commonly about eight feet long,
four feet wide, and four feet high, borne on the shoulders of men by
means of two projecting poles, -- used in India, China, etc., for the
conveyance of a single person from place to place. [Written also
palankeen.]

PALAPTERYX
Pa*lap"te*ryx, n. Etym: [Paleo- + apteryx.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A large extinct ostrichlike bird of New Zealand.

PALATABILITY
Pal`a*ta*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Palatableness.

PALATABLE
Pal"a*ta*ble, a. Etym: [From Palate.]

Defn: Agreeable to the palate or taste; savory; hence, acceptable;
pleasing; as, palatable food; palatable advice.

PALATABLENESS
Pal"a*ta*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being agreeable to the taste; relish;
acceptableness.

PALATABLY
Pal"a*ta*bly, adv.

Defn: In a palatable manner.

PALATAL
Pal"a*tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. palatal.]

1. Of or pertaining to the palate; palatine; as, the palatal bones.

2. (Phonetics)

Defn: Uttered by the aid of the palate; -- said of certain sounds, as
the sound of k in kirk.

PALATAL
Pal"a*tal, n. (Phon.)

Defn: A sound uttered, or a letter pronounced, by the aid of the
palate, as the letters k and y.

PALATALIZE
Pal"a*tal*ize, v. t. (Phon.)

Defn: To palatize.

PALATE
Pal"ate, n. Etym: [L. palatum: cf. F. palais, Of. also palat.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The roof of the mouth.

Note: The fixed portion, or palate proper, supported by the maxillary
and palatine bones, is called the hard palate to distinguish it from
the membranous and muscular curtain which separates the cavity of the
mouth from the pharynx and is called the soft palate, or velum.

2. Relish; taste; liking; -- a sense originating in the mistaken
notion that the palate is the organ of taste.
Hard task! to hit the palate of such guests. Pope.

3. Fig.: Mental relish; intellectual taste. T. Baker.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: A projection in the throat of such flowers as the snapdragon.

PALATE
Pal"ate, v. t.

Defn: To perceive by the taste. [Obs.] Shak.

PALATIAL
Pa*la"tial, a. Etym: [L. palatium palace. See Palace.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a palace; suitable for a palace; resembling
a palace; royal; magnificent; as, palatial structures. "Palatial
style." A. Drummond.

PALATIAL
Pa*la"tial, a. [From Palate.] (Anat.)

Defn: Palatal; palatine. [Obs.] Barrow.

PALATIAL
Pa*la"tial, n.

Defn: A palatal letter. [Obs.] Sir W. Jones.

PALATIC
Pa*lat"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Palatal; palatine.

PALATIC
Pa*lat"ic, n. (Phon.)

Defn: A palatal. [R.]

PALATINATE
Pa*lat"i*nate, n. Etym: [F. palatinat. See Palatine.]

Defn: The province or seigniory of a palatine; the dignity of a
palatine. Howell.

PALATINATE
Pa*lat"i*nate, v. t.

Defn: To make a palatinate of. [Obs.] Fuller.

PALATINE
Pal"a*tine, a. Etym: [F. palatin, L. palatinus, fr. palatium. See
Palace, and cf. Paladin.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a palace, or to a high officer of a palace;
hence, possessing royal privileges. Count palatine, County palatine.
See under Count, and County.
 -- Palatine hill, or The palatine, one of the seven hills of Rome,
once occupied by the palace of the Cæsars. See Palace.

PALATINE
Pal"a*tine, n.

1. One invested with royal privileges and rights within his domains;
a count palatine. See Count palatine, under 4th Count.

2. The Palatine hill in Rome.

PALATINE
Pal"a*tine, a. Etym: [From Palate.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the palate. Palatine bones (Anat.), a pair
of bones (often united in the adult) in the root of the mouth, back
of and between the maxillaries.

PALATINE
Pal"a*tine

Defn: , (Anat.) A palatine bone.

PALATIVE
Pal"a*tive, a.

Defn: Pleasing to the taste; palatable. [Obs.] "Palative delights."
Sir T. Browne.

PALATIZE
Pal"a*tize, v. t.

Defn: To modify, as the tones of the voice, by means of the palate;
as, to palatize a letter or sound.
 -- Pal`a*ti*za"tion, n. J. Peile.

PALATO-
Pal"a*to-. Etym: [From Palate.]

Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to indicate relation to, or
connection with, the palate; as in palatolingual.

PALATONARES
Pal`a*to*na"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Palato-, and Nares.] (Anat.)

Defn: The posterior nares. See Nares.

PALATOPTERYGOID
Pal`a*top*ter"y*goid, a. Etym: [Palato- + pterygoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the palatine and pterygoid region of the skull;
as, the palatopterygoid cartilage, or rod, from which the palatine
and pterygoid bones are developed.

PALAVER
Pa*la"ver, n. Etym: [Sp. palabra, or Pg. palavra, fr. L. parabola a
comparison, a parable, LL., a word. See Parable.]

1. Talk; conversation; esp., idle or beguiling talk; talk intended to
deceive; flattery.

2. In Africa, a parley with the natives; a talk; hence, a public
conference and deliberation; a debate.
This epoch of parliaments and eloquent palavers. Carlyle.

PALAVER
Pa*la"ver, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Palavered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Palavering.]

Defn: To make palaver with, or to; to used palaver;to talk idly or
deceitfully; to employ flattery; to cajole; as, to palaver artfully.
Palavering the little language for her benefit. C. Bront

PALAVERER
Pa*la"ver*er, n.

Defn: One who palavers; a flatterer.

PALE
Pale, a. [Compar. Paler; superl. Palest.] Etym: [F. pâle, fr. pâlir
to turn pale, L. pallere to be oAppall, Fallow, pall, v. i., Pallid.]

1. Wanting in color; not ruddy; dusky white; pallid; wan; as, a pale
face; a pale red; a pale blue. "Pale as a forpined ghost." Chaucer.
Speechless he stood and pale. Milton.
They are not of complexion red or pale. T. Randolph.

2. Not bright or brilliant; of a faint luster or hue; dim; as, the
pale light of the moon.
The night, methinks, is but the daylight sick; It looks a little
paler. Shak.

Note: Pale is often used in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, pale-colored, pale-eyed, pale-faced, pale-looking,
etc.

PALE
Pale, n.

Defn: Paleness; pallor. [R.] Shak.

PALE
Pale, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paled; p. pr. & vb. n. Paling.]

Defn: To turn pale; to lose color or luster. Whittier.
Apt to pale at a trodden worm. Mrs. Browning.

PALE
Pale, v. t.

Defn: To make pale; to diminish the brightness of.
The glowpale his uneffectual fire. Shak.

PALE
Pale, n. Etym: [F. pal, fr. L. palus: cf. D. paal. See Pol a stake,
and lst Pallet.]

1. A pointed stake or slat, either driven into the ground, or
fastened to a rail at the top and bottom, for fencing or inclosing; a
picket.
Deer creep through when a pale tumbles down. Mortimer.

2. That which incloses or fences in; a boundary; a limit; a fence; a
palisade. "Within one pale or hedge." Robynson (More's Utopia).

3. A space or field having bounds or limits; a limited region or
place; an inclosure; -- often used figuratively. "To walk the
studious cloister's pale." Milton. "Out of the pale of civilization."
Macaulay.

4. A stripe or band, as on a garment. Chaucer.

5. (Her.)

Defn: One of the greater ordinaries, being a broad perpendicular
stripe in an escutcheon, equally distant from the two edges, and
occupying one third of it.

6. A cheese scoop. Simmonds.

7. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A shore for bracing a timber before it is fastened. English
pale (Hist.), the limits or territory within which alone the English
conquerors of Ireland held dominion for a long period after their
invasion of the country in 1172. Spencer.

PALE
Pale, v. t.

Defn: To inclose with pales, or as with pales; to encircle; to
encompass; to fence off.
[Your isle, which stands] ribbed and paled in With rocks unscalable
and roaring waters. Shak.

PALEA
Pa"le*a, n.; pl. Paleæ (-e). Etym: [L., chaff.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) The interior chaff or husk of grasses.
(b) One of the chaffy scales or bractlets growing on the receptacle
of many compound flowers, as the Coreopsis, the sunflower, etc.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A pendulous process of the skin on the throat of a bird, as in
the turkey; a dewlap.

PALEACEOUS
Pa`le*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. palea chaff.] (Bot.)

Defn: Chaffy; resembling or consisting of paleæ, or chaff; furnished
with chaff; as, a paleaceous receptacle.

PALEARCTIC
Pa`le*arc"tic, a. Etym: [Paleo- + arctic.]

Defn: Belonging to a region of the earth's surface which includes all
Europe to the Azores, Iceland, and all temperate Asia.

PALED
Paled, a. Etym: [See 5th Pale.]

1. Striped. [Obs.] "[Buskins] . . . paled part per part." Spenser.

2. Inclosed with a paling. "A paled green." Spenser.

PALEECHINOIDEA
Pa`le*ëch`i*noi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Paleo-, and Echinoidea.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An extinct order of sea urchins found in the Paleozoic rocks.
They had more than twenty vertical rows of plates. Called also
Palæechini. [Written also Palæechinoidea.]

PALEFACE
Pale"face`, n.

Defn: A white person; -- an appellation supposed to have been applied
to the whites by the American Indians. J. F. Cooper.

PALEICHTHYES
Pa`le*ich"thy*es, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Paleo-, and Ichthyology.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A comprehensive division of fishes which includes the
elasmobranchs and ganoids. [Written also Palæichthyes.]

PALELY
Pale"ly, adv. Etym: [From Pale, a.]

Defn: In a pale manner; dimly; wanly; not freshly or ruddily.
Thackeray.

PALEMPORE
Pal`em*pore", n.

Defn: A superior kind of dimity made in India, -- used for bed
coverings. [Written also palampore, palampoor, etc.] De Colange.

PALENESS
Pale"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being pale; want of freshness or
ruddiness; a sickly whiteness; lack of color or luster; wanness.
The blood the virgin's cheek forsook; A livid paleness spreads o'er
all her look. Pope.

PALENQUE
Pa*len"que, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A collective name for the Indians of Nicaragua and Honduras.

PALEO-
Pa"le*o-. Etym: [Gr. , adj.]

Defn: A combining form meaning old, ancient; as, palearctic,
paleontology, paleothere, paleography. [Written also palæo-.]

PALEOBOTANIST
Pa`le*o*bot"a*nist, n.

Defn: One versed in paleobotany.

PALEOBOTANY
Pa`le*o*bot"a*ny, n. Etym: [Paleo- + botany.]

Defn: That branch of paleontology which treats of fossil plants.

PALEOCARIDA
Pa`le*o*car"ida, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. ancient + , , , a kind of
crustacean.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Merostomata. [Written also Palæocarida.]

PALEOCRINOIDEA
Pa`le*o*cri*noi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Paleo-, and Crinoidea.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Crinoidea found chiefly in the Paleozoic rocks.

PALEOCRYSTIC
Pa`le*o*crys"tic, a. Etym: [Paleo- + Gr. ice.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, a former glacial formation.

PALEOGAEAN
Pa`le*o*gæ"an, a. Etym: [Paleo- + Gr. the eart] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Eastern hemisphere. [Written also
palæogæan.]

PALEOGRAPH
Pa"le*o*graph, n.

Defn: An ancient manuscript.

PALEOGRAPHER
Pa`le*og"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One skilled in paleography; a paleographist.

PALEOGRAPHIC; PALEOGRAPHICAL
Pa`le*o*graph"ic, Pa`le*o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
paléographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to paleography.

PALEOGRAPHIST
Pa`le*og"ra*phist, n.

Defn: One versed in paleography; a paleographer.

PALEOGRAPHY
Pa`le*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Paleo- + -graphy: cf. F. paléographie.]

1. An ancient manner of writing; ancient writings, collectively; as,
Punic paleography.

2. The study of ancient inscriptions and modes of writing; the art or
science of deciphering ancient writings, and determining their
origin, period, etc., from external characters; diplomatics.

PALEOLA
Pa*le"o*la, n.; pl. Paleolæ. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. palea.] (Bot.)

Defn: A diminutive or secondary palea; a lodicule.

PALEOLITH
Pa"le*o*lith, n. Etym: [Paleo- + -lith.] (Geol.)

Defn: A relic of the Paleolithic era.

PALEOLITHIC
Pa`le*o*lith"ic, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an era marked by early stone implements.
The Paleolithic era (as proposed by Lubbock) includes the earlier
half of the "Stone Age;" the remains belonging to it are for the most
part of extinct animals, with relics of human beings.

PALEOLOGIST
Pa`le*ol"ogist, n.

Defn: One versed in paleology; a student of antiquity.

PALEOLOGY
Pa`le*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Paleo- + -logy.]

Defn: The study or knowledge of antiquities, esp. of prehistoric
antiquities; a discourse or treatise on antiquities; archæology .

PALEONTOGRAPHICAL
Pa`le*on`to*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the description of fossil remains.

PALEONTOGRAPHY
Pa`le*on*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Paleo- + Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: The description of fossil remains.

PALEONTOLOGICAL
Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to paleontology.
 -- Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

PALEONTOLOGIST
Pa`le*on*tol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. paléontologiste.]

Defn: One versed in paleontology.

PALEONTOLOGY
Pa`le*on*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Paleo- + Gr. -logy. Cf. Ontology.]

Defn: The science which treats of the ancient life of the earth, or
of fossils which are the remains of such life.

PALEOPHYTOLOGIST
Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: A paleobotanist.

PALEOPHYTOLOGY
Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Paleo- + phytology.]

Defn: Paleobotany.

PALEORNITHOLOGY
Pa`le*or`ni*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Paleo- + ornithology.]

Defn: The branch of paleontology which treats of fossil birds.

PALEOSAURUS
Pa`le*o*sau"rus, n.Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. ancient + (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of fossil saurians found in the Permian formation.

PALEOTECHNIC
Pa`le*o*tech"nic, a. Etym: [Paleo- + technic.]

Defn: Belonging to, or connected with, ancient art. "The paleotechnic
men of central France." D. Wilson.

PALEOTHERE
Pa"le*o*there, n. Etym: [F. paléothère.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Any species of Paleotherium.

PALEOTHERIAN
Pa`le*o*the"ri*an, a. Etym: [F. paléothérien.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Paleotherium.

PALEOTHERIUM
Pa`le*o*the"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of herbivorous Tertiary mammals, once supposed
to have resembled the tapir in form, but now known to have had a more
slender form, with a long neck like that of a llama. [Written also
Palæotherium.]

PALEOTHEROID
Pa`le*o*the"roid, Etym: [Paleothere + -oid.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Resembling Paleotherium.
 -- n.

Defn: An animal resembling, or allied to, the paleothere.

PALEOTYPE
Pa"le*o*type, n.

Defn: See Palæotype.

PALEOUS
Pa"le*ous, a. Etym: [L. palea chaff.]

Defn: Chaffy; like chaff; paleaceous. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

PALEOZOIC
Pa`le*o*zo"ic, a. Etym: [Paleo- + Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or designating, the older division of
geological time during which life is known to have existed, including
the Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous ages, and also to the life
or rocks of those ages. See Chart of Geology.

PALEOZOIC ERA
Pa`le*o*zo*ic e*ra, n. (Geol.)

Defn: The Paleozoic time or strata.

PALEOZOOLOGY; PALEOZOOELOGY
Pa`le*o*zo*öl"o*gy, n. Etym: [Paleo- + zoölogy.]

Defn: The science of extinct animals, a branch of paleontology.

PALESIE; PALESY
Pale"sie, Pale"sy, n.

Defn: Palsy. [Obs.] Wyclif.

PALESTINIAN; PALESTINEAN
Pal`es*tin"i*an, Pal`es*tin"e*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Palestine.

PALESTRA
Pa*les"tra, n.; pl. L. Palestræ, E. Palestras. Etym: [NL., fr. L.
palaestra, Gr. [Written also palæstra.] (Antiq.)
(a) A wrestling school; hence, a gymnasium, or place for athletic
exercise in general.
(b) A wrestling; the exercise of wrestling.

PALESTRIAN; PALESTRIC; PALESTRICAL
Pa*les"tri*an, Pa*les"tric, Pa*les"tric*al, a. Etym: [L.
palaestricus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the palestra, or to wrestling.

PALET
Pal"et, n. Etym: [See Palea.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Palea.

PALET
Pa"let, n. Etym: [Dim. of pale. See Pale a stake.] (Her.)

Defn: A perpendicular band upon an escutcheon, one half the breadth
of the pale.

PALETOT
Pal"e*tot, n. Etym: [F. paletot, OF. palletoc, prob. fr. L. palla
(see Palla) + F. toque cap, and so lit., a frock with a cap or hood;
cf. Sp. paletoque.]
(a) An overcoat. Dickens.
(b) A lady's outer garment, -- of varying fashion.

PALETTE
Pal"ette, n. Etym: [See Pallet a thin board.]

1. (Paint.)

Defn: A thin, oval or square board, or tablet, with a thumb hole at
one end for holding it, on which a painter lays and mixes his
pigments. [Written also pallet.]

2. (Anc. Armor)

Defn: One of the plates covering the points of junction at the bend
of the shoulders and elbows. Fairholt.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: A breastplate for a breast drill. Palette knife, a knife with a
very flexible steel blade and no cutting edge, rounded at the end,
used by painters to mix colors on the grinding slab or palette.
 -- To set the palette (Paint.), to lay upon it the required pigments
in a certain order, according to the intended use of them in a
picture. Fairholt.

PALEWISE
Pale"wise`, adv. (Her.)

Defn: In the manner of a pale or pales; by perpendicular lines or
divisions; as, to divide an escutcheon palewise.

PALFREY
Pal"frey, n. Etym: [OE. palefrai, OF. palefrei, F. palefroi, LL.
palafredus, parafredus, from L. paraveredus a horse for extraordinary
occasions, an extra post horse; Gr. veredus a post horse.]

1. A saddle horse for the road, or for state occasions, as
distinguished from a war horse. Chaucer.

2. A small saddle horse for ladies. Spenser.
Call the host and bid him bring Charger and palfrey. Tennyson.

PALFREYED
Pal"freyed, a.

Defn: Mounted on a palfrey. Tickell.

PALGRAVE
Pal"grave, n.

Defn: See Palsgrave.

PALI
Pa"li, n.,

Defn: pl. of Palus.

PALI
Pa"li, n. Etym: [Ceylonese, fr. Skr. pali row, line, series, applied
to the series of Buddhist sacred texts.]

Defn: A dialect descended from Sanskrit, and like that, a dead
language, except when used as the sacred language of the Buddhist
religion in Farther India, etc.

PALIFICATION
Pal`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. palus a stake + -ficare (in comp.) to
make: cf. F. palification. See -fy.]

Defn: The act or practice of driving piles or posts into the ground
to make it firm. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

PALIFORM
Pa"li*form, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling a palus; as, the paliform lobes of the septa in
corals.

PALILOGY
Pa*lil"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. palilogia, Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: The repetition of a word, or part of a sentence, for the sake
of greater emphasis; as, "The living, the living, he shall praise
thee." Is. xxxviii. 19.

PALIMPSEST
Pal"imp*sest, n. Etym: [L. palimpsestus, Gr. palimpseste.]

Defn: A parchment which has been written upon twice, the first
writing having been erased to make place for the second. Longfellow.

PALINDROME
Pal"in*drome, n. Etym: [Gr. palindrome.]

Defn: A word, verse, or sentence, that is the same when read backward
or forward; as, madam; Hannah; or Lewd did I live, & evil I did dwel.

PALINDROMIC; PALINDROMICAL
Pal`in*drom"ic, Pal`in*drom"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, a palindrome.

PALINDROMIST
Pa*lin"dro*mist, n.

Defn: A writer of palindromes.

PALING
Pal"ing, n.

1. Pales, in general; a fence formed with pales or pickets; a limit;
an inclosure.
They moved within the paling of order and decorum. De Quincey.

2. The act of placing pales or stripes on cloth; also, the stripes
themselves. [Obs.] Chaucer. Paling board, one of the slabs sawed from
the sides of a log to fit it to be sawed into boards. [Eng.]

PALINGENESIA
Pal`in*ge*ne"si*a, n.Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Palingenesis.

PALINGENESIS; PALINGENESY
Pal`in*gen"e*sis, Pal`in*gen"e*sy, n. Etym: [Gr. palingénésie. See
Genesis.]

1. A new birth; a re-creation; a regeneration; a continued existence
in different manner or form.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: That form of evolution in which the truly ancestral characters
conserved by heredity are reproduced in development; original simple
descent; -- distinguished from kenogenesis. Sometimes, in zoölogy,
the abrupt metamorphosis of insects, crustaceans, etc.

PALINGENETIC
Pal`in*ge*net"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to palingenesis: as, a palingenetic process.
 -- Pal`in*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

PALINODE
Pal"i*node, n. Etym: [L. palinodia, from Gr. Ode.]

1. An ode recanting, or retracting, a former one; also, a repetition
of an ode.

2. A retraction; esp., a formal retraction. Sandys.

PALINODIAL
Pal`i*no"di*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a palinode, or retraction. J. Q. Adams.

PALINODY
Pal"i*no*dy, n.

Defn: See Palinode. [Obs.] Wood.

PALINURUS
Pal`inu"rus, n. Etym: [So called from L. Palinurus, the pilot of
Æneas.] (Naut.)

Defn: An instrument for obtaining directly, without calculation, the
true bearing of the sun, and thence the variation of the compass

PALISADE
Pal`i*sade", n. Etym: [F. palissade, cf. Sp. palizada, It. palizzata,
palizzo, LL. palissata; all fr. L. palus a stake, pale. See Pale a
stake.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A strong, long stake, one end of which is set firmly in the
ground, and the other is sharpened; also, a fence formed of such
stakes set in the ground as a means of defense.

2. Any fence made of pales or sharp stakes. Palisade cells (Bot.),
vertically elongated parenchyma cells, such as are seen beneath the
epidermis of the upper surface of many leaves.
 -- Palisade worm (Zoöl.), a nematoid worm (Strongylus armatus),
parasitic in the blood vessels of the horse, in which it produces
aneurisms, often fatal.

PALISADE
Pal`i*sade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palisaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Palisading.] Etym: [Cf. F. palissader.]

Defn: To surround, inclose, or fortify, with palisades.

PALISADING
Pal`i*sad"ing, n. Fort.

Defn: ) A row of palisades set in the ground.

PALISADO
Pal`i*sa*"do, n.; pl. Palisadoes (.

Defn: A palisade. [Obs.] Shak.

PALISADO
Pal`i*sa"do, v. t.

Defn: To palisade. [Obs.] Sterne.

PALISH
Pal"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat pale or wan.

PALISSANDER
Pal`is*san"der, n. Etym: [F. palissandre.] (Bot.)
(a) Violet wood.
(b) Rosewood.

PALISSY
Pal"is*sy, a.

Defn: Designating, or of the nature of, a kind of pottery made by
Bernard Palissy, in France, in the 16th centry. Palissy ware, glazed
pottery like that made by Bernard Palissy; especially, that having
figures of fishes, reptiles, etc., in high relief.

PALKEE
Pal"kee, n. Etym: [Hind. palki; of the same origin as E. palanquin.]

Defn: A palanquin. Malcom.

PALL
Pall, n.

Defn: Same as Pawl.

PALL
Pall, n. Etym: [OE. pal, AS. pæl, from L. pallium cover, cloak,
mantle, pall; cf. L. palla robe, mantle.]

1. An outer garment; a cloak mantle.
His lion's skin changed to a pall of gold. Spenser.

2. A kind of rich stuff used for garments in the Middle Ages. [Obs.]
Wyclif (Esther viii. 15).

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Same as Pallium.
About this time Pope Gregory sent two archbishop's palls into
England, -- the one for London, the other for York. Fuller.

4. (Her.)

Defn: A figure resembling the Roman Catholic pallium, or pall, and
having the form of the letter Y.

5. A large cloth, esp., a heavy black cloth, thrown over a coffin at
a funeral; sometimes, also, over a tomb.
Warriors carry the warrior's pall. Tennyson.

6. (Eccl.)

Defn: A piece of cardboard, covered with linen and embroidered on one
side; -- used to put over the chalice.

PALL
Pall, v. t.

Defn: To cloak. [R.] Shak

PALL
Pall, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Palled; p. pr. & vb. n. Palling.] Etym:
[Either shortened fr. appall, or fr. F. pâlir to grow pale. Cf.
Appall, Pale, a.]

Defn: To become vapid, tasteless, dull, or insipid; to lose strength,
life, spirit, or taste; as, the liquor palls.
Beauty soon grows familiar to the lover, Fades in the eye, and palls
upon the sense. Addisin.

PALL
Pall, v. t.

1. To make vapid or insipid; to make lifeless or spiritless; to dull;
to weaken. Chaucer.
Reason and reflection . . . pall all his enjoyments. Atterbury.

2. To satiate; to cloy; as, to pall the appetite.

PALL
Pall, n.

Defn: Nausea. [Obs.] Shaftesbury.

PALLA
Pal"la, n. Etym: [L. See Pall a cloak.] (Rom. Antuq.)

Defn: An oblong rectangular piece of cloth, worn by Roman ladies, and
fastened with brooches.

PALLADIAN
Pal*la"di*an, a. (Arch.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a variety of the revived
classic style of architecture, founded on the works of Andrea
Palladio, an Italian architect of the 16th century.

PALLADIC
Pal*la"dic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, palladium; -- used
specifically to designate those compounds in which the element has a
higher valence as contrasted with palladious compounds.

PALLADIOUS
Pal*la"di*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, palladium; -- used
specifically to designate those compounds in which palladium has a
lower valence as compared with palladic compounds.

PALLADIUM
Pal*la"di*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: Any statue of the goddess Pallas; esp., the famous statue on
the preservation of which depended the safety of ancient Troy.

2. Hence: That which affords effectual protection or security; a
sateguard; as, the trial by jury is the palladium of our civil
rights. Blackstone.

PALLADIUM
Pal*la"di*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element of the light platinum group, found
native, and also alloyed with platinum and gold. It is a silver-white
metal resembling platinum, and like it permanent and untarnished in
the air, but is more easily fusible. It is unique in its power of
occluding hydrogen, which it does to the extent of nearly a thousand
volumes, forming the alloy Pd2H. It is used for graduated circles and
verniers, for plating certain silver goods, and somewhat in
dentistry. It was so named in 1804 by Wollaston from the asteroid
Pallas, which was discovered in 1802. Symbol Pd. Atomic weight,
106.2.

PALLADIUMIZE
Palla"di*um*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palladiumized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Palladiumizing.]

Defn: To cover or coat with palladium. [R.]

PALLAH
Pal"lah, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large South African antelope (Æpyceros melampus). The male
has long lyrate and annulated horns. The general color is bay, with a
black crescent on the croup. Called also roodebok.

PALLAS
Pal"las, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: Pallas Athene, the Grecian goddess of wisdom, called also
Athene, and identified, at a later period, with the Roman Minerva.

PALLBEARER
Pall"bear*er, n.

Defn: One of those who attend the coffin at a funeral; -- so called
from the pall being formerly carried by them.

PALLET
Pal"let, n. Etym: [OE. paillet, F. paillet a heap of straw, fr.
paille straw, fr. L. palea chaff; cf. Gr. pala straw, palava chaff.
Cf. Paillasse.]

Defn: A small and mean bed; a bed of straw. Milton.

PALLET
Pal"let, n. Etym: [F. palette: af. It. paletta; prop. and orig., a
fire shovel, dim. of L. pala a shovel, spade. See Peel a shovel.]

1. (Paint.)

Defn: Same as Palette.

2. (Pettery)
(a) A wooden implement used by potters, crucible makers, etc., for
forming, beating, and rounding their works. It is oval, round, and of
other forms.
(b) A potter's wheel.

3. (Gilding)
(a) An instrument used to take up gold leaf from the pillow, and to
apply it.
(b) A tool for gilding the backs of books over the bands.

4. (Brickmaking)

Defn: A board on which a newly molded brick is conveyed to the hack.
Knight.

5. (Mach.)
(a) A click or pawl for driving a ratchet wheel.
(b) One of the series of disks or pistons in the chain pump. Knight.

6. (Horology)

Defn: One of the pieces or levers connected with the pendulum of a
clock, or the balance of a watch, which receive the immediate impulse
of the scape-wheel, or balance wheel. Brande & C.

7. (Mus.)

Defn: In the organ, a valve between the wind chest and the mouth of a
pipe or row of pipes.

8. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a pair of shelly plates that protect the siphon tubes of
certain bivalves, as the Teredo. See Illust. of Teredo.

9. A cup containing three ounces, --

PALLIAL
Pal"li*al, a. Etym: [L. pallium a mantle. See Pall.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pretaining to a mantle, especially to the mantle of
mollusks; produced by the mantle; as, the pallial line, or
impression, which marks the attachment of the mantle on the inner
surface of a bivalve shell. See Illust. of Bivalve. Pallial chamber
(Zoöl.), the cavity inclosed by the mantle.
 -- Pallial sinus (Zoöl.), an inward bending of the pallial line,
near the posterior end of certain bivalve shells, to receive the
siphon. See Illust. of Bivalve.

PALLIAMENT
Pal"li*a*ment, n. Etym: [LL. palliare to clothe, fr. L. pallium a
manltle. See Pall the garment.]

Defn: A dress; a robe. [Obs.] Shak.

PALLIARD
Pal"liard, n. Etym: [F. paillard, orig., one addicted to the couch,
fr. paille straw. See Pallet a small bed.]

1. A born beggar; a vagabond. [Obs.] Halliwell.

2. A lecher; a lewd person. [Obs.] Dryden.

PALLIASSE
Pal*liasse", n.

Defn: See Paillasse.

PALLIATE
Pal"li*ate, a. Etym: [L. palliatus, fr. pallium a cloak. See Pall the
garment.]

1. Covered with a mant [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

2. Eased; mitigated; alleviated. [Obs.] Bp. Fell.

PALLIATE
Pal"li*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palliated(); p. pr. & vb. n.
Palliating().]

1. To cover with a mantle or cloak; to cover up; to hide. [Obs.]
Being palliated with a pilgrim's coat. Sir T. Herbert.

2. To cover with excuses; to conceal the enormity of, by excuses and
apologies; to extenuate; as, to palliate faults.
They never hide or palliate their vices. Swift.

3. To reduce in violence; to lessen or abate; to mitigate; to ease
withhout curing; as, to palliate a disease.
To palliate dullness, and give time a shove. Cowper.

Syn.
 -- To cover; cloak; hide; extenuate; conceal.
 -- To Palliate, Extenuate, Cloak. These words, as here compared, are
used in a figurative sense in reference to our treatment of wrong
action. We cloak in order to conceal completely. We extenuate a crime
when we endeavor to show that it is less than has been supposed; we
palliate a crime when we endeavor to cover or conceal its enormity,
at least in part. This naturally leads us to soften some of its
features, and thus palliate approaches extenuate till they have
become nearly or quite identical. "To palliate is not now used,
though it once was, in the sense of wholly cloaking or covering over,
as it might be, our sins, but in that of extenuating; to palliate our
faults is not to hide them altogether, but to seek to diminish their
guilt in part." Trench.

PALLIATION
Pal`li*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. palliation.]

1. The act of palliating, or state of being palliated; extenuation;
excuse; as, the palliation of faults, offenses, vices.

2. Mitigation; alleviation, as of a disease. Bacon.

3. That which cloaks or covers; disguise; also, the state of being
covered or disguised. [Obs.]

PALLIATIVE
Pal"li*a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. palliatif.]

Defn: Serving to palliate; serving to extenuate or mitigate.

PALLIATIVE
Pal"li*a*tive, n.

Defn: That which palliates; a palliative agent. Sir W. Scott.

PALLIATORY
Pal"li*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Palliative; extenuating.

PALLID
Pal"lid, a. Etym: [L. pallidus, fr. pallere to be or look pale. See
pale, a.]

Defn: Deficient in color; pale; wan; as, a pallid countenance; pallid
blue. Spenser.

PALLIDITY
Pal*lid"i*ty, n.

Defn: Pallidness; paleness.

PALLIDLY
Pal"lid*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pallid manner.

PALLIDNESS
Pal"lid*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being pallid; paleness; pallor;
wanness.

PALLIOBRANCHIATA
Pal`li*o*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Brachiopoda.

PALLIOBRANCHIATE
Pal`li*o*bran"chi*ate, a. Etym: [See Pallium, and Branchia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the pallium, or mantle, acting as a gill, as in
brachiopods.

PALLIUM
Pal"li*um, n.; pl. L. Pallia(Palliums. Etym: [L. See Pall the
garment.]

1. (Anc. Costume)

Defn: A large, square, woolen cloak which enveloped the whole person,
worn by the Greeks and by certain Romans. It is the Roman name of a
Greek garment.

2. (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: A band of white wool, worn on the shoulders, with four purple
crosses worked on it; a pall.

Note: The wool is obtained from two lambs brought to the basilica of
St. Agnes, Rome, and blessed. It is worn by the pope, and sent to
patriarchs, primates, and archbishops, as a sign that they share in
the plenitude of the episcopal office. Befoer it is sent, the pallium
is laid on the tomb of St. Peter, where it remains all night.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) The mantle of a bivalve. See Mantle.
(b) The mantle of a bird.

PALL-MALL
Pall`-mall", n. Etym: [OF. palemail, It. pallamagio; palla a ball (of
German origin, akin to E. ball) + magio hammer, fr. L. malleus. See
lst Ball, and Mall a beetle.]

Defn: A game formerly common in England, in which a wooden ball was
driven with a mallet through an elevated hoop or ring of iron. The
name was also given to the mallet used, to the place where the game
was played, and to the street, in London, still called Pall Mall.
[Written also pail-mail and pell-mell.] Sir K. Digby. Evelyn.

PALLONE
Pal*lo"ne, n. Etym: [It., a large ball, fr. palla ball. See Balloon.]

Defn: An Italian game, played with a large leather ball.

PALLOR
Pal"lor, n. Etym: [L., fr. pallere to be or look pale. See Pale, a.]

Defn: Paleness; want of color; pallidity; as, pallor of the
complexion. Jer. Taylor.

PALM
Palm, n. Etym: [OE. paume, F. paume, L. palma, Gr. pani hand, and E.
fumble. See Fumble, Feel, and cf. 2d Palm.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The inner and somewhat concave part of the hand between the
bases of the fingers and the wrist.
Clench'd her fingers till they bit the palm. Tennyson.

2. A lineal measure equal either to the breadth of the hand or to its
length from the wrist to the ends of the fingers; a hand; -- used in
measuring a horse's height.

Note: In Greece, the palm was reckoned at three inches. The Romans
adopted two measures of this name, the lesser palm of 2.91 inches,
and the greater palm of 8.73 inches. At the present day, this measure
varies in the most arbitrary manner, being different in each country,
and occasionally varying in the same. Internat. Cyc.

3. (Sailmaking)

Defn: A metallic disk, attached to a strap, and worn the palm of the
hand, -- used to push the needle through the canvas, in sewing sails,
etc.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The broad flattened part of an antler, as of a full-grown
fallow deer; -- so called as resembling the palm of the hand with its
protruding fingers.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: The flat inner face of an anchor fluke.

PALM
Palm, n. Etym: [AS. palm, L. palma; -- so named fr. the leaf
resembling a hand. See lst Palm, and cf. Pam.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any endogenous tree of the order Palmæ or Palmaceæ; a palm
tree.

Note: Palms are perennial woody plants, often of majestic size. The
trunk is usually erect and rarely branched, and has a roughened
exterior composed of the persistent bases of the leaf stalks. The
leaves are borne in a terminal crown, and are supported on stout,
sheathing, often prickly, petioles. They are usually of great size,
and are either pinnately or palmately many-cleft. There are about one
thousand species known, nearly all of them growing in tropical or
semitropical regions. The wood, petioles, leaves, sap, and fruit of
many species are invaluable in the arts and in domestic economy.
Among the best known are the date palm, the cocoa palm, the fan palm,
the oil palm, the wax palm, the palmyra, and the various kinds called
cabbage palm and palmetto.

2. A branch or leaf of the palm, anciently borne or worn as a symbol
of victory or rejoicing.
A great multitude . . . stood before the throne, and before the Lamb,
clothed with white robes, and palme in their hands. Rev. vii. 9.

3. Hence: Any symbol or token of superiority, success, or triumph;
also, victory; triumph; supremacy. "The palm of martyrdom." Chaucer.
So get the start of the majestic world And bear the palm alone. Shak.
Molucca palm (Bot.), a labiate herb from Asia (Molucella lævis),
having a curious cup-shaped calyx.
 -- Palm cabbage, the terminal bud of a cabbage palm, used as food.
 -- Palm cat (Zoöl.), the common paradoxure.
 -- Palm crab (Zoöl.), the purse crab.
 -- Palm oil, a vegetable oil, obtained from the fruit of several
species of palms, as the African oil palm (Elæis Guineensis), and
used in the manufacture of soap and candles. See Elæis.
 -- Palm swift (Zoöl.), a small swift (Cypselus Btassiensis) which
frequents the palmyra and cocoanut palms in India. Its peculiar nest
is attached to the leaf of the palmyra palm.
 -- Palm toddy. Same as Palm wine.
 -- Palm weevil (Zoöl.), any one of mumerous species of very large
weevils of the genus Rhynchophorus. The larvæ bore into palm trees,
and are called palm borers, and grugru worms. They are considered
excellent food.
 -- Palm wine, the sap of several species of palms, especially, in
India, of the wild date palm (Phoenix sylvestrix), the palmyra, and
the Caryota urens. When fermented it yields by distillation arrack,
and by evaporation jaggery. Called also palm toddy.
 -- Palm worm, or Palmworm. (Zoöl.) (a) The larva of a palm weevil.
(b) A centipede.

PALM
Palm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Palming.]

1. To handle. [Obs.] Prior.

2. To manipulate with, or conceal in, the palm of the hand; to
juggle.
They palmed the trick that lost the game. Prior.

3. To impose by frand, as by sleight of hand; to put by unfair means;
-- usually with off.
For you may palm upon us new for old. Dryden.

PALMACEOUS
Pal*ma"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to palms; of the nature of, or resembling,
palms.

PALMA CHRISTI
Pal"ma Chris"ti. Etym: [L., palm of Christ.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Ricinus communis) with ornamental peltate and
palmately cleft foliage, growing as a woody perennial in the tropics,
and cultivated as an herbaceous annual in temperate regions; --
called also castor-oil plant. [Sometimes corrupted into palmcrist.]

PALMACITE
Pal"ma*cite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil palm.

PALMAR
Pal"mar, a. Etym: [L. palmaris, fr. palma the palm of the hand: cf.
F. palmaire.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or corresponding with, the palm of the hand.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the under side of the wings of birds.

PALMARIUM
Pal*ma"ri*um, n.; pl. Palmaria. Etym: [NL. See Palmar.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the bifurcations of the brachial plates of a crinoid.

PALMARY
Pal"ma*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Palmar.

PALMARY
Pal"ma*ry, a. Etym: [L. palmarius, palmaris, belonging to palms,
deserving the palm or prize, fr. palma a palm.]

Defn: Worthy of the palm; palmy; preëminent; superior; principal;
chief; as, palmary work. Br. Horne.

PALMATE
Pal"mate, n.

Defn: (Chem.) A salt of palmic acid; a ricinoleate. [Obsoles.]

PALMATE; PALMATED
Pal"mate, Pal"ma*ted, a. Etym: [L. palmatus marked with the palm of a
hand, from palma the palm of the hand.]

1. Having the shape of the hand; resembling a hand with the fingers
spread.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Spreading from the apex of a petiole, as the divisions of a
leaf, or leaflets, so as to resemble the hand with outspread fingers.
Gray.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) Having the anterior toes united by a web, as in most swimming
birds; webbed. See Illust. (i) under Aves.
(b) Having the distal portion broad, flat, and more or less divided
into lobes; -- said of certain corals, antlers, etc.

PALMATELY
Pal"mate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a palmate manner.

PALMATIFID
Pal*mat"i*fid, a. Etym: [L. palmatus palmate + root of findere to
split.] (Bot.)

Defn: Palmate, with the divisions separated but little more than
halfway to the common center.

PALMATILOBED
Pal*mat"i*lobed, a. Etym: [L. palmatus palmate + E. lobed.] (Bot.)

Defn: Palmate, with the divisions separated less than halfway to the
common center.

PALMATISECT; PALMATISECTED
Pal*mat"i*sect, Pal*mat`i*sect"ed, a. Etym: [L. palmatus palmate +
secare to cut.] (Bot.)

Defn: Divided, as a palmate leaf, down to the midrib, so that the
parenchyma is interrupted.

PALMCRIST
Palm"crist, n.

Defn: The palma Christi. (Jonah iv. 6, margin, and Douay version,
note.)

PALMED
Palmed, a.

Defn: Having or bearing a palm or palms. Paimed deer (Zoöl.), a stag
of full growth, bearing palms. See lst Palm, 4.

PALMER
Palm"er, n. Etym: [From Palm, v. t.]

Defn: One who palms or cheats, as at cards or dice.

PALMER
Palm"er, n.Etym: [From Palm the tree.]

Defn: A wandering religious votary; especially, one who bore a branch
of palm as a token that he had visited the Holy Land and its sacred
places. Chaucer.
Pilgrims and palmers plighted them together. P. Plowman.
The pilgrim had some home or dwelling place, the palmer had none. The
pilgrim traveled to some certain, designed place or places, but the
palmer to all. T. Staveley.

PALMERWORM
Palm"er*worm`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any hairy caterpillar which appears in great numbers, devouring
herbage, and wandering about like a palmer. The name is applied also
to other voracious insects. Joel. i. 4.
(b) In America, the larva of any one of several moths, which destroys
the foliage of fruit and forest trees, esp. the larva of Ypsolophus
pometellus, which sometimes appears in vast numbers.

PALMETTE
Pal*mette", n. Etym: [F., dim. of palme a palm.]

Defn: A floral ornament, common in Greek and other ancient
architecture; -- often called the honeysuckle ornament.

PALMETTO
Pal*met"to, n. Etym: [Dim. of palm the tree: cf. Sp. palmito.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to palms of several genera and species growing in
the West Indies and the Southern United States. In the United States,
the name is applied especially to the Chamærops, or Sabal, Palmetto,
the cabbage tree of Florida and the Carolinas. See Cabbage tree,
under Cabbage.

Royal palmetto, the West Indian Sabal umbraculifera, the trunk of
which, when hollowed, is used for water pipes, etc. The leaves are
used for thatching, and for making hats, ropes, etc.
 -- Saw palmetto, Sabal serrulata, a native of Georgia, South
Carolina, and Florida. The nearly impassable jungle which it forms is
called palmetto scrub.

PALMETTO FLAG
Pal*met"to flag.

Defn: Any of several flags adopted by South California after its
secession. That adopted in November, 1860, had a green cabbage
palmetto in the center of a white field; the final one, January,
1861, had a white palmetto in the center of a blue field and a white
crescent in the upper left-hand corner.

PALMETTO STATE
Palmetto State.

Defn: South California; -- a nickname alluding to the State Arms,
which contain a representation of a palmetto tree.

PALMIC
Pal"mic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. palmique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the castor-oil plant
(Ricinus communis, or Palma Christi); -- formerly used to designate
an acid now called ricinoleic acid. [Obsoles.]

PALMIDACTYLES
Pal`mi*dac"ty*les, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Palm, and Dactyl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of wading birds having the toes webbed, as the avocet.

PALMIFEROUS
Pal*mif"er*ous, a.Etym: [L. palmifer; palma a palm + ferre to bear:
cf. F. palmifère.]

Defn: Bearing palms.

PALMIGRADE
Pal"mi*grade, a. Etym: [L. palma palm of the hand + gradi to walk.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Putting the whole foot upon the ground in walking, as some
mammals.

PALMIN
Pal"min, n. Etym: [From palma Christi: cf. F. palmine.] (Chem.)
(a) A white waxy or fatty substance obtained from castor oil.
(b) Ricinolein. [Obs.]

PALMIPED
Pal"mi*ped, a.Etym: [L. palmipes, -edis, broad-footed; palma the palm
of the hand + pes a foot; cf. F. palmipède.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Web-footed, as a water fowl.
 -- n.

Defn: A swimming bird; a bird having webbed feet.

PALMIPEDES
Pal*mip"e*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Natatores.

PALMISTER
Pal"mis*ter, n. Etym: [From Palm of the hand.]

Defn: One who practices palmistry Bp. Hall.

PALMISTRY
Pal`mis*try, n.Etym: [See Palmister.]

1. The art or practice of divining or telling fortunes, or of judging
of character, by the lines and marks in the palm of the hand;
chiromancy. Ascham. Cowper.

2. A dexterous use or trick of the hand. Addison.

PALMITATE
Pal"mi*tate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of palmitic acid.

PALMITE
Pal"mite, n. Etym: [From Palm.] (Bot.)

Defn: A South African plant (Prionium Palmita) of the Rush family,
having long serrated leaves. The stems have been used for making
brushes.

PALMITIC
Pal*mit"ic, a. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, palmitin or palm oil; as,
palmitic acid, a white crystalline body belonging to the fatty acid
series. It is readily soluble in hot alcohol, and melts to a liquid
oil at 62º C.

PALMITIN
Pal"mi*tin, n. Etym: [So called because abundant in palm oil.]
(Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A solid crystallizable fat, found abundantly in animals and in
vegetables. It occurs mixed with stearin and olein in the fat of
animal tissues, with olein and butyrin in butter, with olein in olive
oil, etc. Chemically, it is a glyceride of palmitic acid, three
molecules of palmitic acid being united to one molecule of glyceryl,
and hence it is technically called tripalmitin, or glyceryl
tripalmitate.

PALMITOLIC
Pal`mi*tol"ic, a. Etym: [Palmitic + -oleic + ic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an artificial acid of the oleic
acid series, isomeric with linoleic acid.

PALMITONE
Pal"mi*tone, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The ketone of palmitic acid.

PALM SUNDAY
Palm" Sun`day. (Eccl.)

Defn: The Sunday next before Easter; -- so called in commemoration of
our Savior's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, when the multitude
strewed palm branches in the way.

PALMY
Palm"y, a.

1. Bearing palms; abounding in palms; derived from palms; as, a palmy
shore. Pope.
His golden sands and palmy wine. Goldsmith.

2. Worthy of the palm; flourishing; prosperous.
In the most high and palmy state of Rome. Shak.

PALMYRA
Pal*my"ra, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of palm (Borassus flabelliformis) having a straight,
black, upright trunk, with palmate leaves. It is found native along
the entire northern shores of the Indian Ocean, from the mouth of the
Tigris to New Guinea. More than eight hundred uses to which it is put
are enumerated by native writers. Its wood is largely used for
building purposes; its fruit and roots serve for food, its sap for
making toddy, and its leaves for thatching huts.

PALO
Pa"lo, n. [Sp. See Pale a stake.]

Defn: A pole or timber of any kind; -- in the names of trees. [Sp.
Amer.]

PALO BLANCO
Pa"lo blan"co. [Sp. blanco white.]
 (a) A western American hackberry (Celtis reticulata), having light-
colored bark.
 (b) A Mexican mimosaceous tree (Lysiloma candida), the bark of which
is used in tanning.

PALOLA
Pa*lo"la, n. Etym: [Fr. the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An annelid (Palola viridis) which, at certain seasons of the
year, swarms at the surface of the sea about some of the Pcific
Islands, where it is collected for food.

PALOLO; PALOLO WORM
Pa*lo"lo, n., or Palolo worm . [From native name.]

Defn: A polystome worm (Palolo viridis) that burrows in the coral
reefs of certain of the Pacific Islands. A little before the last
quarter of the moon in October and November, they swarm in vast
numbers at the surface of the sea for breeding, and are gathered and
highly esteemed as food by the natives. An allied species inhabits
the tropical Atlantic and swarms in June or July.

PALOMETA; PALLOMETA
Pa*lo*me"ta, Pal`lo*me"ta, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A pompano.

PALP
Palp, n. Etym: [Cf. F. palpe. See Palpable.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Palpus.

PALP
Palp, v. t. Etym: [L. palpare: cf. F. palper.]

Defn: To have a distinct touch or feeling of; to feel. [Obs.]
To bring a palpèd darkness o'er the earth. Heywood.

PALPABILITY
Pal`pa*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being palpable, or perceptible by the touch.
Arbuthnot.

PALPABLE
Pal"pa*ble, a. Etym: [F. palpable, L. palpabilis, fr. palpare to
feel, stroke; cf. palpus the soft palm of the hand.]

1. Capable of being touched and felt; perceptible by the touch; as, a
palpable form. Shak.
Darkness must overshadow all his bounds, Palpable darkness. Milton.

2. Easily perceptible; plain; distinct; obvious; readily perceived
and detected; gross; as, palpable imposture; palpable absurdity;
palpable errors. "Three persons palpable." P. Plowman.
[Lies] gross as a mountain, open, palpable. Shak.
-- Pal"pa*ble*ness, n.
 -- Pal"pa*bly, adv.

PALPATION
Pal*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. palpatio, fr. palpare. See Palpable.]

1. Act of touching or feeling.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Examination of a patient by touch. Quain.

PALPATOR
Pal*pa"tor, n. Etym: [L., a stroker.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a family of clavicorn beetles, including those which
have very long maxillary palpi.

PALPEBRA
Pal"pe*bra, n.; pl. Palpebræ. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The eyelid.

PALPEBRAL
Pal"pe*bral, a. Etym: [L. palpebralis, fr. palpebra: cf. F.
palpébral.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the eyelids.

PALPEBRATE
Pal"pe*brate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having eyelids.

PALPED
Palped, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a palpus.

PALPI
Pal"pi, n.,

Defn: pl. of Palpus. (Zoöl.) See Palpus.

PALPICORN
Pal"pi*corn, n. Etym: [See Palpus, and Cornu.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of aquatic beetles (Palpicornia) having short
club-shaped antennæ, and long maxillary palpi.

PALPIFER
Pal"pi*fer, n. Etym: [Palpus + L. ferre to bear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Palpiger.

PALPIFORM
Pal"pi*form, a. Etym: [Palpus + -form: cf. F. palpiforme.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the form of a palpus.

PALPIGER
Pal"pi*ger, n. Etym: [See Palpigerous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: That portion of the labium which bears the palpi in insects.

PALPIGEROUS
Pal*pig"er*ous, a. Etym: [Palpus + -gerous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Bearing a palpus. Kirby.

PALPITANT
Pal"pi*tant, a. Etym: [L. palpitans, p. pr.]

Defn: Palpitating; throbbing; trembling. Carlyle.

PALPITATE
Pal"pi*tate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Palpitated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Palpitating().] Etym: [L. palpitare, palpitatum, v. intens. fr.
pappare. See Palpable.]

Defn: To beat rapidly and more strongly than usual; to throb; to
bound with emotion or exertion; to pulsate violently; to flutter; --
said specifically of the heart when its action is abnormal, as from
excitement.

PALPITATION
Pal`pi*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. palpitatio: cf. F. palpitation.]

Defn: A rapid pulsation; a throbbing; esp., an abnormal, rapid
beating of the heart as when excited by violent exertion, strong
emotion, or by disease.

PALPLESS
Palp"less, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without a palpus.

PALPOCIL
Pal"po*cil, n. Etym: [See Palpus, and Cilium.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A minute soft filamentary process springing from the surface of
certain hydroids and sponges.

PALPUS
Pal"pus, n.; pl. Palpi. Etym: [NL. See Palp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A feeler; especially, one of the jointed sense organs attached
to the mouth organs of insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and annelids;
as, the mandibular palpi, maxillary palpi, and labial palpi. The
palpi of male spiders serve as sexual organs. Called also palp. See
Illust. of Arthrogastra and Orthoptera.

PALSGRAVE
Pals"grave`, n. Etym: [D. paltsgraaf; palts palace (l. palatium) +
graaf count; cf. G. pfalzgraf. See Palace, and Landgrave.] (Ger.
Hist.)

Defn: A count or earl who presided in the domestic court, and had the
superintendence, of a royal household in Germany.

PALSGRAVINE
Pals"gra*vine`, n.Etym: [D. paltsgravin: cf. G. pfalzgrafin.]

Defn: The consort or widow of a palsgrave.

PALSICAL
Pal"si*cal, a.Etym: [From Palsy.]

Defn: Affected with palsy; palsied; paralytic. [R.] Johnson.

PALSIED
Pal"sied, a.

Defn: Affected with palsy; paralyzed.

PALSTAVE
Pal"stave`, n. Etym: [Dan. paalstav.]

Defn: A peculiar bronze adz, used in prehistoric Europe about the
middle of the bronze age. Dawkins.

PALSTER
Pal"ster, n. Etym: [D. palsterstaf.]

Defn: A pilgrim's staff. [Obs.] Halliwell.

PALSY
Pal"sy, n.; pl. Palsies. Etym: [OE. palesie, parlesy, OF. paralesie,
F. paralysie, L. paralysis. See Paralysis.] (Med.)

Defn: Paralysis, complete or partial. See Paralysis. "One sick of the
palsy." Mark ii. 3. Bell's palsy, paralysis of the facial nerve,
producing distortion of one side of the face; -- so called from Sir
Charles Bell, an English surgeon who described it.
 -- Scrivener's palsy. See Writer's cramp, under Writer.
 -- Shaking palsy, paralysis agitans, a disease usually occurring in
old people, characterized by muscular tremors and a peculiar shaking
and tottering gait.

PALSY
Pal"sy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palsied; p. pr. & vb. n. Palsying.]

Defn: To affect with palsy, or as with palsy; to deprive of action or
energy; to paralyze.

PALSYWORT
Pal"sy*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The cowslip (Primula veris); -- so called from its supposed
remedial powers. Dr. Prior.

PALTER
Pal"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paltered; p. pr. & vb. n. Paltering.]
Etym: [See Paltry.]

1. To haggle. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

2. To act in insincere or deceitful manner; to play false; to
equivocate; to shift; to dodge; to trifle.
Romans, that have spoke the word, And will not palter. Shak.
Who never sold the truth to serve the hour, Nor paltered with eternal
God for power. Tennyson.

3. To babble; to chatter. [Obs.]

PALTER
Pal"ter, v. t.

Defn: To trifle with; to waste; to squander in paltry ways or on
worthless things. [Obs.] "Palter out your time in the penal
statutes." Beau. & Fl.

PALTERER
Pal"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who palters. Johnson.

PALTERLY
Pal"ter*ly, a. & adv.

Defn: Paltry; shabby; shabbily; paltrily. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "In
palterly clothes." Pepys.

PALTOCK
Pal"tock, n. Etym: [See Paletot.]

Defn: A kind of doublet; a jacket. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

PALTRILY
Pal"tri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a paltry manner.

PALTRINESS
Pal"tri*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being paltry.

PALTRY
Pal"try, a. [Compar. Paltrier (; superl. Paltriest.] Etym: [Cf. Prov.
E. paltry refuse, rubbish, LG. paltering ragged, palte, palter, a
rag, a tatter, Dan. pialt, Sw. palta, pl. paltor.]

Defn: Mean; vile; worthless; despicable; contemptible; pitiful;
trifling; as, a paltry excuse; paltry gold. Cowper.
The paltry prize is hardly worth the cost. Byron.

Syn.
 -- See Contemptible.

PALUDAL
Pa*lu"dal, a. Etym: [L. palus, -udis, a marsh.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to marshes or fens; marshy. [R.] Paludal
fever, malarial fever; -- so called because generated in marshy
districts.

PALUDAMENT
Pa*lu"da*ment, n.

Defn: See Paludamentum.

PALUDAMENTUM
Pa*lu`da*men*tum, n.; pl. Paladumenta ( (Rom.

Defn: Antiq.) A military cloak worn by a general and his principal
officers.

PALUDICOLAE
Pal`u*dic"o*læ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. palus, -udis, a marsh +
colere to inhabit.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of birds, including the cranes, rails, etc.

PALUDICOLE
Pa*lu"di*cole, a. Etym: [Cf. F. paludicole.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Marsh-inhabiting; belonging to the Paludicolæ

PALUDINA
Pal`u*di"na, n.; pl. L. Paludinæ, E. Paludinas. Etym: [NL., fr. L.
palus, -udis, a marsh, pool.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of freshwater pectinibranchiate
mollusks, belonging to Paludina, Melantho, and allied genera. They
have an operculated shell which is usually green, often with brown
bands. See Illust. of Pond snail, under Pond.

PALUDINAL
Pal`u*di"nal, a.

Defn: Inhabiting ponds or swamps.

PALUDINE
Pal"u*dine, a. Etym: [L. palus, -udis, a marsh.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a marsh. Buckland.

PALUDINOUS
Pa*lu"di*nous, a.

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) Paludinal. (b) Like or pertaining to the genus Paludina.

2. Of or pertaining to a marsh or fen. [R.]

PALUDISM
Pa*lu"dism, n. (Med.)

Defn: The morbid phenomena produced by dwelling among marshes;
malarial disease or disposition.

PALUDOSE
Pal"u*dose`, a.Etym: [L. paludosus marshy.]

Defn: Growing or living in marshy places; marshy.

PALULE
Pal"ule, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Palulus or Palus.

PALULUS
Pal"u*lus, n.; pl. Paluli. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. palus a stake.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Palus.

PALUS
Pa"lus, n.; pl. Pali. Etym: [L., a stake.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several upright slender calcareous processes which
surround the central part of the calicle of certain corals.

PALUSTRAL
Pa*lus"tral, a. Etym: [L. paluster, -ustris.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a bog or marsh; boggy. [R.]

PALUSTRINE
Pa*lus"trine, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or living in, a marsh or swamp; marshy.

PALY
Pal"y, a. Etym: [From Pale, a.]

Defn: Pale; wanting color; dim. [Poetic] Shak. Whittier.

PALY
Pal"y, a. Etym: [Cf. F. palé. See Pale a stake.] (Her.)

Defn: Divided into four or more equal parts by perpendicular lines,
and of two different tinctures disposed alternately.

PAM
Pam, n. Etym: [From Palm victory; cf. trump, fr. triumph.]

Defn: The knave of clubs. [Obs.] Pope.

PAMENT
Pa"ment, n.

Defn: A pavement. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PAMPANO
Pam"pa*no, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pompano.

PAMPAS
Pam"pas, n. pl. Etym: [Sp., fr. Peruv. pampa a field, plain.]

Defn: Vast plains in the central and southern part of the Argentine
Republic in South America. The term is sometimes used in a wider
sense for the plains extending from Bolivia to Southern Patagonia.
Pampas cat (Zoöl.), a South American wild cat (Felis pajeros). It has
oblique transverse bands of yellow or brown. It is about three and a
half feet long. Called also straw cat.
 -- Pampas deer (Zoöl.), a small, reddish-brown, South American deer
(Cervus, or Blastocerus, campestris).
 -- Pampas grass (Bot.), a very tall ornamental grass (Gynerium
argenteum) with a silvery-white silky panicle. It is a native of the
pampas of South America.

PAMPER
Pam"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pampered; p. pr. & vb. n. Pampering.]
Etym: [Cf. LG. pampen, slampampen, to live luxuriously, pampe thick
pap, and E. pap.]

1. To feed to the full; to feed luxuriously; to glut; as, to pamper
the body or the appetite. "A body . . . pampered for corruption." Dr.
T. Dwight.

2. To gratify inordinately; to indulge to excess; as, to pamper
pride; to pamper the imagination. South.

PAMPERED
Pam"pered, a.

Defn: Fed luxuriously; indulged to the full; hence, luxuriant.
"Pampered boughs." Milton. "Pampered insolence." Pope.
 -- Pam"pered*ness, n. Bp. Hall.

PAMPERER
Pam"per*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, pampers. Cowper.

PAMPERIZE
Pam"per*ize, v. t.

Defn: To pamper. [R.] Sydney Smith.

PAMPERO
Pam*pe"ro, n.Etym: [Sp., fr. pampa a plain.]

Defn: A violent wind from the west or southwest, which sweeps over
the pampas of South America and the adjacent seas, often doing great
damage. Sir W. Parish.

PAMPEROS
Pam*pe"ros, n. pl.; sing. Pampero (. Etym: [Sp. American.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians inhabiting the pampas of South America.

PAMPHLET
Pam"phlet, n. Etym: [OE. pamflet, pamfilet, paunflet, possibly fr.
OF. palme the palm of the hand, F. paume (see Palm) + OF. fueillet a
leaf, dim. of fueil, m., F. feuille, f., fr. L. folium, pl. folia,
thus meaning, a leaf to be held in the hand; or perh. through old
French, fr. L. Pamphila, a female historian of the first century who
wrote many epitomes; prob., however, fr. OF. Pamflette, the Old
French name given to Pamphilus, a poem in Latin verse of the 12th
century, pamphlets being named from the popularity of this poem.]

1. A writing; a book. Testament of love.
Sir Thomas More in his pamphlet of Richard the Third. Ascham.

2. A small book consisting of a few sheets of printed paper, stitched
together, often with a paper cover, but not bound; a short essay or
written discussion, usually on a subject of current interest.

PAMPHLET
Pam"phlet, v. i.

Defn: To write a pamphlet or pamphlets. [R.] Howell.

PAMPHLETEER
Pam`phlet*eer", n.

Defn: A writer of pamphlets; a scribbler. Dryden. Macaulay.

PAMPHLETEER
Pam`phlet*eer", v. i.

Defn: To write or publish pamphlets.
By pamphleteering we shall not win. C. Kingsley.

PAMPINIFORM
Pam*pin"i*form, a. Etym: [L. pampinus a tendril + -form.] (Anat.)

Defn: In the form of tendrils; -- applied especially to the spermatic
and ovarian veins.

PAMPRE
Pam"pre, n. Etym: [F. pampre a vine branch, L. pampinus.] (Sculp.)

Defn: An ornament, composed of vine leaves and bunches of grapes,
used for decorating spiral columns.

PAMPRODACTYLOUS
Pam`pro*dac"tyl*ous, a. Etym: [Pan- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having all the toes turned forward, as the colies.

PAN-; PANTA-; PANTO-
Pan-, Pan"ta-, Pan"to-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Combining forms signifying all, every; as, panorama, pantheism,
pantagraph, pantograph. Pan- becomes pam- before b or p, as
pamprodactylous.

PAN
Pan, n. Etym: [OE. See 2d Pane.]

1. A part; a portion.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: The distance comprised between the angle of the epaule and the
flanked angle.

3. Etym: [Perh. a different word.]

Defn: A leaf of gold or silver.

PAN
Pan, v. t. & i. Etym: [Cf. F. pan skirt, lappet, L. pannus a cloth,
rag, W. panu to fur, to full.]

Defn: To join or fit together; to unite. [Obs.] Halliwell.

PAN
Pan, n. Etym: [Hind. pan, Skr. parna leaf.]

Defn: The betel leaf; also, the masticatory made of the betel leaf,
etc. See .

PAN
Pan, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: The god of shepherds, guardian of bees, and patron of fishing
and hunting. He is usually represented as having the head and trunk
of a man, with the legs, horns, and tail of a goat, and as playing on
the shepherd's pipe, which he is said to have invented.

PAN
Pan, n. Etym: [OE. panne, AS. panne; cf. D. pan, G. pfanne, OHG.
pfanna, Icel., Sw., LL., & Ir. panna, of uncertain origin; cf. L.
patina, E. paten.]

1. A shallow, open dish or vessel, usually of metal, employed for
many domestic uses, as for setting milk for cream, for frying or
baking food, etc.; also employed for various uses in manufacturing.
"A bowl or a pan." Chaucer.

2. (Manuf.)

Defn: A closed vessel for boiling or evaporating. See Vacuum pan,
under Vacuum.

3. The part of a flintlock which holds the priming.

4. The skull, considered as a vessel containing the brain; the upper
part of the head; the brainpan; the cranium. Chaucer.

5. (C

Defn: A recess, or bed, for the leaf of a hinge.

6. The hard stratum of earth that lies below the soil. See Hard pan,
under Hard.

7. A natural basin, containing salt or fresh water, or mud. Flash in
the pan. See under Flash.
 -- To savor of the pan, to suggest the process of cooking or
burning; in a theological sense, to be heretical. Ridley. Southey.

PAN
Pan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Panned; p. pr. & vb. n. Panning.] (Mining)

Defn: To separate, as gold, from dirt or sand, by washing in a kind
of pan. [U. S.]
We . . . witnessed the process of cleaning up and panning out, which
is the last process of separating the pure gold from the fine dirt
and black sand. Gen. W. T. Sherman.

PAN
Pan, v. i.

1. (Mining)

Defn: To yield gold in, or as in, the process of panning; -- usually
with out; as, the gravel panned out richly.

2. To turn out (profitably or unprofitably); to result; to develop;
as, the investigation, or the speculation, panned out poorly. [Slang,
U. S.]

PANABASE
Pan"a*base, n. Etym: [Pan- + base. So called in allusion to the
number of metals contained in it.] (Min.)

Defn: Same as Tetrahedrite.

PANACEA
Pan`a*ce"a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. A remedy for all diseases; a universal medicine; a cure-all;
catholicon; hence, a relief or solace for affliction.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The herb allheal.

PANACEAN
Pan`a*ce"an, a.

Defn: Having the properties of a panacea. [R.] "Panacean dews."
Whitehead.

PANACHE
Pa*nache", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. penna a feather. See Pen a feather.]

Defn: A plume or bunch of feathers, esp. such a bunch worn on the
helmet; any military plume, or ornamental group of feathers.
A panache of variegated plumes. Prescott.

PANADA; PANADE
Pa*na"da, Pa*nade", n. Etym: [Sp. panada, fr. L. panis bread: cf. F.
panade. See Pantry.]

Defn: Bread boiled in water to the consistence of pulp, and sweetened
or flavored. [Written also panado.]

PANADE
Pa*nade", n.

Defn: A dagger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PANAMA HAT
Pan`a*ma" hat`.

Defn: A fine plaited hat, made in Central America of the young leaves
of a plant (Carludovica palmata).

PANAMANIAN
Pan`a*ma"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pert. to Panama. -- n.

Defn: A native or citizen of Panama.

PAN-AMERICAN
Pan`-A*mer"i*can, a. Etym: [See Pan-.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to both North and South America.

PAN-AMERICAN CONGRESS
Pan-American Congress. Any of several meetings of delegates from
various American states; esp.:
 (a) One held in 1889-90 in the United States, at which all the
independent states except Santo Domingo were represented and of which
the practical result was the establishment of the Bureau of American
Republics for the promotion of trade relations.
 (b) One held in Mexico in 1901-1902.
 (c) One held at Rio de Janeiro in 1906.

PAN-AMERICANISM
Pan-A*mer"i*can*ism, n.

Defn: The principle or advocacy of a political alliance or union of
all the states of America.

PAN-ANGLICAN
Pan`-An"gli*can, a. Etym: [Pan- + Anglican.] (Eccl.)

Defn: Belonging to, or representing, the whole Church of England;
used less strictly, to include the Protestant Episcopal Church of the
United States; as, the Pan-Anglican Conference at Lambeth, in 1888.

PANARY
Pan"a*ry, a. Etym: [L. panis bread.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to bread or to breadmaking.

PANARY
Pan"a*ry, n.

Defn: A storehouse for bread. Halliwell.

PANATHENAEA
Pan*ath`e*næ"a, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ; , , all +  Athena.]

Defn: The most ancient and important festival of Athens, celebrated
in honor of Athena, the tutelary goddess of the city.

PANCAKE
Pan"cake`, n.

Defn: A thin cake of batter fried in a pan or on a griddle; a
griddlecake; a flapjack. "A pancake for Shrove Tuesday." Shak.

PANCARTE
Pan"carte`, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. pancharta. See Pan-, and Carte.]

Defn: A royal charter confirming to a subject all his possessions.
[Obs.] Holinshed.

PANCE
Pance, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The pansy. [Also paunce.]

PANCH
Panch, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Paunch.

PANCHWAY
Panch"way, n. Etym: [Hind. pan.] (Naut.)

Defn: A Bengalese four-oared boat for passengers. [Written also
panshway and paunchwas.] Malcom.

PANCRATIAN
Pan*cra"tian, a.

Defn: Pancratic; athletic.

PANCRATIAST
Pan*cra"ti*ast, n.

Defn: One who engaged in the contests of the pancratium.

PANCRATIASTIC
Pan*cra`ti*as"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pancratium. G. West.

PANCRATIC
Pan*crat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Opt.)

Defn: Having all or many degrees of power; having a great range of
power; -- said of an eyepiece made adjustable so as to give a varying
magnifying power.

PANCRATIC; PANCRATICAL
Pan*crat"ic, Pan*crat"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Pancratium.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pancratium; athletic. Sir T. Browne

PANCRATIST
Pan"cra*tist, n.

Defn: An athlete; a gymnast.

PANCRATIUM
Pan*cra"ti*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: An athletic contest involving both boxing and wrestling.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of Old World amaryllideous bulbous plants, having a
funnel-shaped perianth with six narrow spreading lobes. The American
species are now placed in the related genus Hymenocallis.

PANCREAS
Pan"cre*as, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. pancréas.] (Anat.)

Defn: The sweetbread, a gland connected with the intestine of nearly
all vertebrates. It is usually elongated and light-colored, and its
secretion, called the pancreatic juice, is discharged, often together
with the bile, into the upper part of the intestines, and is a
powerful aid in digestion. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus.

PANCREATIC
Pan`cre*at"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pancréatique.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pancreas; as, the pancreatic secretion,
digestion, ferments. Pancreatic juice (Physiol.), a colorless
alkaline fluid secreted intermittently by the pancreatic gland. It is
one of the most important of the digestive fluids, containing at
least three distinct ferments, trypsin, steapsin and an amylolytic
ferment, by which it acts upon all three classes of food stuffs. See
Pancreas.

PANCREATIN
Pan"cre*a*tin, n. Etym: [See Pancreas.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: One of the digestive ferments of the pancreatic juice; also, a
preparation containing such a ferment, made from the pancreas of
animals, and used in medicine as an aid to digestion.

Note: By some the term pancreatin is restricted to the amylolytic
ferment of the pancreatic juice, by others it is applied to trypsin,
and by still others to steapsin.

PANCY
Pan"cy, n.

Defn: See Pansy. [Obs.] Dryden.

PANDA
Pan"da, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small Asiatic mammal (Ailurus fulgens) having fine soft fur.
It is related to the bears, and inhabits the mountains of Northern
India.

PANDANUS
Pan*da"nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Malay pandan.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of endogenous plants. See Screw pine.

PANDAR
Pan"dar, n.

Defn: Same as Pander. "Seized by the pandar of Appius." Macaulay.

PANDARISM
Pan"dar*ism, n.

Defn: Same as Panderism. Swift.

PANDARIZE
Pan"dar*ize, v. i.

Defn: To pander. [Obs.]

PANDAROUS
Pan"dar*ous, a.

Defn: Panderous. [Obs.]

PANDEAN
Pan*de"an, a. Etym: [From 4th Pan.]

Defn: Of or relating to the god Pan. Pandean pipes, a primitive wind
instrument, consisting of a series of short hollow reeds or pipes,
graduated in length by the musical scale, and fastened together side
by side; a syrinx; a mouth organ; -- said to have been invented by
Pan. Called also Pan's pipes and Panpipes.

PANDECT
Pan"dect, n. Etym: [L. pandecta, pandectes, Gr. pandectes, pl.]

1. A treatise which comprehends the whole of any science.
[Thou] a pandect mak'st, and universal book. Donne.

2. pl.

Defn: The digest, or abridgment, in fifty books, of the decisions,
writings, and opinions of the old Roman jurists, made in the sixth
century by direction of the emperor Justinian, and forming the
leading compilation of the Roman civil law. Kent.

PANDEMIC
Pan*dem"ic, a. Etym: [L. pandemus, Gr. pandémique.]

Defn: Affecting a whole people or a number of countries; everywhere
epidemic.
 -- n.

Defn: A pandemic disease. Harvey.

PANDEMONIUM
Pan`de*mo"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

1. The great hall or council chamber of demons or evil spirits.
Milton.

2. An utterly lawless, riotous place or assemblage.

PANDER
Pan"der, n. Etym: [From Pandarus, a leader in the Trojan army, who is
represented by Chaucer and Shakespeare as having procured for Troilus
the possession of Cressida.]

1. A male bawd; a pimp; a procurer.
Thou art the pander to her dishonor. Shak.

2. Hence, one who ministers to the evil designs and passions of
another.
Those wicked panders to avarice and ambition. Burke.

PANDER
Pan"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pandered; p. pr. & vb. n. Pandering.]

Defn: To play the pander for.

PANDER
Pan"der, v. i.

Defn: To act the part of a pander.

PANDERAGE
Pan"der*age, n.

Defn: The act of pandering.

PANDERISM
Pan"der*ism, n.

Defn: The employment, arts, or practices of a pander. Bp. Hall.

PANDERLY
Pan"der*ly, a.

Defn: Having the quality of a pander. "O, you panderly rascals."
Shak.

PANDERMITE
Pan*der"mite, n. Etym: [From Panderma, a port on the Black Sea from
which it is exported.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous borate of lime, near priceite.

PANDEROUS
Pan"der*ous

Defn: , Of or relating to a pander; characterizing a pander.

PANDICULATED
Pan*dic"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [See Pandiculation.]

Defn: Extended; spread out; stretched.

PANDICULATION
Pan*dic`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. pandiculari to stretch one's self,
fr. pandere to spread out.]

Defn: A stretching and stiffening of the trunk and extremities, as
when fatigued and drowsy.

PANDIT
Pan"dit, n.

Defn: See Pundit.

PANDOOR
Pan"door n.

Defn: Same as Pandour.

PANDORA
Pan*do"ra, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Pandw`ra; pa^s, pa^n, all + dw^ron a
gift.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A beautiful woman (all-gifted), whom Jupiter caused Vulcan to
make out of clay in order to punish the human race, because
Prometheus had stolen the fire from heaven. Jupiter gave Pandora a
box containing all human ills, which, when the box was opened,
escaped and spread over the earth. Hope alone remained in the box.
Another version makes the box contain all the blessings of the gods,
which were lost to men when Pandora opened it.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine bivalves, in which one valve is flat, the
other convex.

PANDORE
Pan"dore, n. Etym: [F. See Bandore.]

Defn: An ancient musical instrument, of the lute kind; a bandore.
[Written also pandoran.]

PANDOUR
Pan"dour, n.

Defn: One of a class of Hungarian mountaineers serving in the
Austrian army; -- so called from Pandur, a principal town in the
region from which they originally came. [Written also pandoor.]
Her whiskered pandours and her fierce hussars. Campbell.

PANDOWDY
Pan*dow"dy, n.

Defn: A deep pie or pudding made of baked apples, or of sliced bread
and apples baked together, with no bottom crust.

PANDURATE; PANDURIFORM
Pan"du*rate, Pan*du"ri*form, a. Etym: [L. pandura a pandore + -form:
cf. F. panduriforme.]

Defn: Obovate, with a concavity in each side, like the body of a
violin; fiddle-shaped; as, a panduriform leaf; panduriform color
markings of an animal.

PANE
Pane, n. Etym: [F. panne.]

Defn: The narrow edge of a hammer head. See Peen.

PANE
Pane, n. Etym: [OE. pan part, portion of a thing, F. pan a skirt,
lappet, part or piece of a wall, side, fr. L. pannus a cloth, fillet,
rag; akin to E. vane. See Vane, and cf. Panel, Pawn pledge.]

1. A division; a distinct piece, limited part, or compartment of any
surface; a patch; hence, a square of a checkered or plaided pattern.

2. One of the openings in a slashed garment, showing the bright
colored silk, or the like, within; hence, the piece of colored or
other stuff so shown.

3. (Arch.)
(a) A compartment of a surface, or a flat space; hence, one side or
face of a building; as, an octagonal tower is said to have eight
panes.
(b) Especially, in modern use, the glass in one compartment of a
window sash.

4. In irrigating, a subdivision of an irrigated surface between a
feeder and an outlet drain.

5.
(a) One of the flat surfaces, or facets, of any object having several
sides.
(b) One of the eight facets surrounding the table of a brilliant cut
diamond.

PANED
Paned, a.

1. Having panes; provided with panes; also, having openings; as, a
paned window; paned window sash. "Paned hose." Massinger.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: Having flat sides or surfaces; as, a sixpaned nut.

PANEGYRIC
Pan`e*gyr"ic, n. Etym: [L. panegyricus, Gr. panhgyrico`s: cf. F.
panégyrique. See Panegyric, a.]

Defn: An oration or eulogy in praise of some person or achievement; a
formal or elaborate encomium; a laudatory discourse; laudation. See
Synonym of Eulogy.

PANEGYRIC; PANEGYRICAL
Pan`e*gyr"ic, Pan`e*gyr"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. panegyricus, Gr.
panhgyrico`s, from pa^, pa^n all +

Defn: Containing praise or eulogy; encomiastic; laudatory. "Panegyric
strains." Pope.
 -- Pan`e*gyr"ic*al*ly, adv.
Some of his odes are panegyrical. Dryden.

PANEGYRIS
Pa*neg"y*ris, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Panegyric.]

Defn: A festival; a public assembly. [Obs.] S. Harris.

PANEGYRIST
Pan"e*gyr`ist, n. Etym: [L. panegyrista, Gr. Panegyric.]

Defn: One who delivers a panegyric; a eulogist; one who extols or
praises, either by writing or speaking.
If these panegyrists are in earnest. Burke.

PANEGYRIZE
Pan"e*gy*rize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Panegyrized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Panegyrizing.] Etym: [Gr. Panegyrist.]

Defn: To praise highly; to extol in a public speech; to write or
deliver a panegyric upon; to eulogize.

PANEGYRIZE
Pan"e*gy*rize, v. i.

Defn: To indulge in panegyrics. Mitford.

PANEGYRY
Pan"e*gyr`y, n.

Defn: A panegyric. [Obs.] Milton.

PANEL
Pan"el, n. Etym: [Orig., a little piece; OF. panel, pannel, F.
panneau, dim. of pan skirt, lappet, part or piece of a wall, side.
See 2d Pane.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A sunken compartment with raised margins, molded or otherwise,
as in ceilings, wainscotings, etc.

2. (Law)
(a) A piece of parchment or a schedule, containing the names of
persons summoned as jurors by the sheriff; hence, more generally, the
whole jury. Blackstone.
(b) (Scots Law) A prisoner arraigned for trial at the bar of a
criminal court. Burrill.

3. Formerly, a piece of cloth serving as a saddle; hence, a soft pad
beneath a saddletree to prevent chafing.

4. (Joinery)

Defn: A board having its edges inserted in the groove of a
surrounding frame; as, the panel of a door.

5. (Masonry)

Defn: One of the faces of a hewn stone. Gwilt.

6. (Painting)

Defn: A slab or plank of wood upon which, instead of canvas, a
picture is painted.

7. (Mining)
(a) A heap of dressed ore.
(b) One of the districts divided by pillars of extra size, into which
a mine is laid off in one system of extracting coal.

8. (Dressmaking)

Defn: A plain strip or band, as of velvet or plush, placed at
intervals lengthwise on the skirt of a dress, for ornament.

9. A portion of a framed structure between adjacent posts or struts,
as in a bridge truss. Panel game, a method of stealing money in a
panel house.
 -- Panel house, a house of prostitution in which the rooms have
secret entrances to facilitate theft by accomplices of the inmates.
 -- Panel saw, handsaw with fine teeth, -- used for cutting out
panels, etc.
 -- Panel thief, one who robs in a panel house.

PANEL
Pan"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paneled or Panelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Paneling or Panelling.]

Defn: To form in or with panels; as, to panel a wainscot. Paneled
back (Arch.), the paneled work covering the window back. See Window
back.

PANELATION
Pan`el*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of impaneling a jury. [Obs.] [Written also
panellation.] Wood.

PANELESS
Pane"less, a.

Defn: Without panes.
To patch his paneless window. Shenstone.

PANELING
Pan"el*ing, n.

Defn: A forming in panels; panelwork. [Written also panelling.]

PANELWORK
Pan"el*work`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: Wainscoting.

PANEULOGISM
Pan*eu"lo*gism, n. Etym: [See Pan-, Eulogy.]

Defn: Eulogy of everything; indiscriminate praise. [R.]
Her book has a trace of the cant of paneulogism. National Rev.

PANFUL
Pan"ful, n.; pl. Panfuls. Etym: [See 5th Pan.]

Defn: Enough to fill a pan.

PANG
Pang, n. Etym: [Prob. for older prange. Cf. Prong.]

Defn: A paroxysm of extreme pain or anguish; a sudden and transitory
agony; a throe; as, the pangs of death.

Syn.
 -- Agony; anguish; distress. See Agony.

PANG
Pang, v. t.

Defn: To torture; to cause to have great pain or suffering; to
torment. [R.] Shak.

PANGENESIS
Pan*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Pan- + genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: An hypothesis advanced by Darwin in explanation of heredity.

Note: The theory rests on the assumption, that the whole
organization, in the sense of every separate atom or unit, reproduces
itself, the cells throwing off minute granules called gemmules, which
circulate freely throughout the system and multiply by subdivision.
These gemmules collect in the reproductive organs and products, or in
buds, so that the egg or bud contains gemmules from all parts of the
parent or parents, which in development give rise to cells in the
offspring similar to those from which they were given off in the
parent. The hypothesis also assumes that these gemmules need not in
all cases develop into cells, but may lie dormant, and be transmitted
from generation to generation without producing a noticeable effect
until a case of atavism occurs.

PANGENETIC
Pan`ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to pangenesis.

PANGFUL
Pang"ful, a.

Defn: Full of pangs. Richardson.

PANGLESS
Pang"less, a.

Defn: Without a pang; painless. Byron.

PANGOLIN
Pan"go*lin, n. Etym: [Malay pang.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of Manis, Pholidotus, and related
genera, found in Africa and Asia. They are covered with imbricated
scales, and feed upon ants. Called also scaly ant-eater.

PANGOTHIC
Pan*goth"ic, a. Etym: [Pan- + Gothic.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or including, all the Gothic races.
"Ancestral Pangothic stock." Earle.

PANHANDLE
Pan"han`dle, n.

Defn: The handle of a pan; hence, fig., any arm or projection
suggestive of the handle of a pan; as, the panhandle of West
Virginia, Texas, or Idaho.

PANHANDLE STATE
Panhandle State.

Defn: West Virginia; -- a nickname.

PANHELLENIC
Pan`hel*len"ic, a. Etym: [See Panhellenium.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to all Greece, or to Panhellenism; including
all Greece, or all the Greeks.

PANHELLENISM
Pan*hel"len*ism, n.

Defn: A scheme to unite all the Greeks in one political body.

PANHELLENIST
Pan*hel"len*ist, n.

Defn: An advocate of Panhellenism.

PANHELLENIUM
Pan`hel*le"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: An assembly or association of Greeks from all the states of
Greece.

PANIC
Pan"ic, n. Etym: [L. panicum.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Panicum; panic grass; also, the edible
grain of some species of panic grass. Panic grass (Bot.), any grass
of the genus Panicum.

PANIC
Pan"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. panique.]

Defn: Extreme or sudden and causeless; unreasonable; -- said of fear
or fright; as, panic fear, terror, alarm. "A panic fright." Dryden.

PANIC
Pan"ic, n. Etym: [Gr. panigue. See Panic, a.]

1. A sudden, overpowering fright; esp., a sudden and groundless
fright; terror inspired by a trifling cause or a misapprehension of
danger; as, the troops were seized with a panic; they fled in a
panic.

2. By extension: A sudden widespread fright or apprehension
concerning financial affairs.

PANICAL
Pan"ic*al, a.

Defn: See Panic, a. [Obs.] Camden.

PANICLE
Pan"i*cle, n. Etym: [L. panicula a tuft on plants, dim. of panus the
thread wound upon the bobbin in a shuttle; cf. Gr. pane: cf. F.
panicule. See 2d Pane.] (Bot.)

Defn: A pyramidal form of inflorescence, in which the cluster is
loosely branched below and gradually simpler toward the end.

PANICLED
Pan"i*cled, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with panicles; arranged in, or like, panicles;
paniculate.

PANIC-STRICKEN; PANIC-STRUCK
Pan"ic-strick`en, Pan"ic-struck`, a.

Defn: Struck with a panic, or sudden fear. Burke.

PANICULATE; PANICULATED
Pa*nic"u*late, Pa*nic"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [See Panicle.] (Bot)

Defn: Same as Panicled.

PANICUM
Pan"i*cum, n. Etym: [L., panic grass.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of grasses, including several hundred species, some of
which are valuable; panic grass.

PANIDIOMORPHIC
Pan*id`i*o*mor"phic, a. Etym: [Pan- + idiomorphic.] (Geol.)

Defn: Having a completely idiomorphic structure; -- said of certain
rocks.

PANIER
Pan"ier, n.

Defn: See Pannier, 3. [Obs.]

PANIFICATION
Pan`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. panis bread + -ficare (in comp.) to
make: cf. F. panification.]

Defn: The act or process of making bread. Ure.

PANIM
Pa"nim, n.

Defn: See Painim. [Obs.] Milton.

PANISLAMISM
Pan*is"lam*ism, n. Etym: [Pan- + Islamism.]

Defn: A desire or plan for the union of all Mohammedan nations for
the conquest of the world.

PANIVOROUS
Pa*niv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. panis bread + vorare to devour.]

Defn: Eating bread; subsisting on bread.

PANNADE
Pan*nade", n.

Defn: The curvet of a horse.

PANNAGE
Pan"nage, n. Etym: [OF. pasnage, LL. pasnadium, pastinaticum, fr.
pastionare to feed on mast, as swine, fr. L. pastio a pasturing,
grazing. See Pastor.] (O. Eng. Law)
(a) The food of swine in the woods, as beechnuts, acorns, etc.; --
called also pawns.
(b) A tax paid for the privilege of feeding swine in the woods.

PANNARY
Pan"na*ry, a.

Defn: See Panary. Loudon.

PANNE
Panne, n. [F.]

Defn: A fabric resembling velvet, but having the nap flat and less
close.

PANNEL
Pan"nel, n. Etym: [See Panel.]

1. A kind of rustic saddle. Tusser.

2. (Falconry)

Defn: The stomach of a hawk. Ainsworth.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A carriage for conveying a mortar and its bed, on a march.
Farrow.

PANNIER
Pan"nier, n. Etym: [F. panier, fr. L. panarium a bread basket, fr.
panis bread. Cf. Pantry.]

1. A bread basket; also, a wicker basket (used commonly in pairs) for
carrying fruit or other things on a horse or an ass Hudibras.

2. (Mil. Antiq.)

Defn: A shield of basket work formerly used by archers as a shelter
from the enemy's missiles.

3. A table waiter at the Inns of Court, London.

4. A framework of steel or whalebone, worn by women to expand their
dresses; a kind of bustle.

PANNIERED
Pan"niered, a.

Defn: Bearing panniers. Wordsworth.

PANNIKEL
Pan"ni*kel, n. Etym: [See Pan a dish.]

Defn: The brainpan, or skull; hence, the crest. [Obs.] Spenser.

PANNIKIN
Pan"ni*kin, n. Etym: [Dim. of pan a dish.]

Defn: A small pan or cup. Marryat. Thackeray.

PANNOSE
Pan"nose`, a. Etym: [See Pannus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Similar in texture or appearance to felt or woolen cloth.

PANNUS
Pan"nus, n. Etym: [L., cloth. See 2d Pane.] (Med.)

Defn: A very vascular superficial opacity of the cornea, usually
caused by granulation of the eyelids. Foster.

PANOISTIC
Pan`o*is"tic, a. Etym: [Pan- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing ova only; -- said of the ovaries of certain insects
which do not produce vitelligenous cells.

PANOMPHEAN
Pan`om*phe"an, a. Etym: [L. panomphaeus, Gr.

Defn: Uttering ominous or prophetic voices; divining. [R.]
We want no half gods, panomphean Joves. Mrs. Browning.

PANOPLIED
Pan"o*plied, a.

Defn: Dressed in panoply.

PANOPLY
Pan"o*ply, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Defensive armor in general; a full suit of defensive armor.
Milton.
We had need to take the Christian panoply, to put on the whole armor
of God. Ray.

PANOPTICON
Pa*nop"ti*con, n. Etym: [NL. See Pan-, and Optic.]

1. A prison so contructed that the inspector can see each of the
prisoners at all times, without being seen.

2. A room for the exhibition of novelties.

PANORAMA
Pan`o*ra"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Pan-, and Wary.]

1. A complete view in every direction.

2. A picture presenting a view of objects in every direction, as from
a central point.

3. A picture representing scenes too extended to be beheld at once,
and so exhibited a part at a time, by being unrolled, and made to
pass continuously before the spectator.

PANORAMIC; PANORAMICAL
Pan`o*ram"ic, Pan`o*ram"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, a panorama. Panoramic camera. See
under Camera.

PANORPIAN
Pa*nor"pi*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the genus Panorpa.
 -- n.

Defn: Same as Panorpid.

PANORPID
Pa*nor"pid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any neuropterous insect of the genus Panorpa, and allied
genera. The larvæ feed on plant lice.

PANPHARMACON
Pan*phar"ma*con, n. Etym: [NL. See Pan-, and Pharmacon.]

Defn: A medicine for all diseases; a panacea. [R.]

PANPRESBYTERIAN
Pan`pres`by*te"ri*an, a. Etym: [Pan- + Presbyterian.]

Defn: Belonging to, or representative of, those who hold Presbyterian
views in all parts of the world; as, a Panpresbyterian council.

PANPSYCHISM
Pan*psy"chism, n. [See Pan-; Psychic.]

Defn: The theory that all nature is psychical or has a psychical
aspect; the theory that every particle of matter has a psychical
character or aspect. -- Pan*psy"chic (#), a. -- Pan*psy"chist (#), n.
-- Pan`psy*chis"tic (#), a.

Fechner affords a conspicuous instance of the idealistic tendency to
mysterize nature in his panpsychicism, or that form of noumenal
idealism which holds that the universe is a vast communion of
spirits, souls of men, of animals, of plants, of earth and other
planets, of the sun, all embraced as different members in the soul of
the world.
Encyc. Brit.

PANSCLAVIC; PANSCLAVISM; PANSCLAVIST; PANSCLAVONIAN
Pan`sclav"ic, Pan`sclav"ism, Pan`sclav"ist, Pan`scla*vo"ni*an.

Defn: See Panslavic, Panslavism, etc.

PANSHON
Pan"shon, n.

Defn: An earthen vessel wider at the top than at the bottom, -- used
for holding milk and for various other purposes. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

PANSIED
Pan"sied, a. Etym: [From Pansy.]

Defn: Covered or adorned with pansies. "The pansied grounds." Darwin.

PANSLAVIC
Pan`slav"ic, a. Etym: [Pan- + Slavic.]

Defn: Pertaining to all the Slavic races.

PANSLAVISM
Pan`slav"ism, n.

Defn: A scheme or desire to unite all the Slavic races into one
confederacy.

PANSLAVIST
Pan`slav"ist, n.

Defn: One who favors Panslavism.

PANSLAVONIAN
Pan`sla*vo"ni*an, a.

Defn: See Panslavic.

PANSOPHICAL
Pan*soph"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Pansophy.]

Defn: All-wise; claiming universal knowledge; as, pansophical
pretenders. [R.] John Worthington.

PANSOPHY
Pan"so*phy, n. Etym: [Pan- + Gr. pansophie.]

Defn: Universal wisdom; esp., a system of universal knowledge
proposed by Comenius (1592 -- 1671), a Moravian educator. [R.]
Hartlib.

PANSPERMATIST; PANSPERMIST
Pan*sper"ma*tist, Pan"sper`mist, n. (Biol.)

Defn: A believer in panspermy; one who rejects the theory of
spontaneous generation; a biogenist.

PANSPERMIC
Pan`sper"mic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to panspermy; as, the panspermic hypothesis.

PANSPERMY
Pan"sper`my, n. Etym: [Pan- + Gr. (Biol.)
(a) The doctrine of the widespread distribution of germs, from which
under favorable circumstances bacteria, vibrios, etc., may develop.
(b) The doctrine that all organisms must come from living parents;
biogenesis; -- the opposite of Ant: spontaneous generation.

PANSTEREORAMA
Pan*ste`re*o*ra"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A model of a town or country, in relief, executed in wood,
cork, pasteboard, or the like. Brande & C.

PANSY
Pan"sy, n.; pl. Pansies. Etym: [F. Pensée thought, pansy, fr. penser
to think, L. pensare to weigh, ponder. See Pensive.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Viola (V. tricolor) and its blossom,
originally purple and yellow. Cultivated varieties have very large
flowers of a great diversity of colors. Called also heart's-ease,
love-in-idleness, and many other quaint names.

PANT
Pant, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Panted; p. pr. & vb. n. Panting.] Etym:
[Cf. F. panteler to gasp for breath, OF. panteisier to be breathless,
F. pantois out of breath; perh. akin to E. phantom, the verb prob.
orig. meaning, to have the nightmare.]

1. To breathe quickly or in a labored manner, as after exertion or
from eagerness or excitement; to respire with heaving of the breast;
to gasp.
Pluto plants for breath from out his cell. Dryden.

2. Hence: To long eagerly; to desire earnestly.
As the hart panteth after the water brooks. Ps. xlii. 1.
Who pants for glory finds but short repose. Pope.

3. To beat with unnatural violence or rapidity; to palpitate, or
throb; -- said of the heart. Spenser.

4. To sigh; to flutter; to languish. [Poetic]
The whispering breeze Pants on the leaves, and dies upon the trees.
Pope.

PANT
Pant, v. t.

1. To breathe forth quickly or in a labored manner; to gasp out.
There is a cavern where my spirit Was panted forth in anguish.
Shelley.

2. To long for; to be eager after. [R.]
Then shall our hearts pant thee. Herbert.

PANT
Pant, n.

1. A quick breathing; a catching of the breath; a gasp. Drayton.

2. A violent palpitation of the heart. Shak.

PANTA-
Pan"ta-.

Defn: See Pan-.

PANTABLE
Pan"ta*ble

Defn: , n. See Pantofle. [Obs.]

PANTACOSM
Pan"ta*cosm, n. Etym: [Panta- + Gr.

Defn: See Cosmolabe.

PANTAGRAPH
Pan"ta*graph, n.

Defn: See Pantograph.

PANTAGRUELISM
Pan*tag"ru*el*ism, n. Etym: [From Pantagruel, one of the characters
of Rabelais.]

1. The theory or practice of the medical profession; -- used in
burlesque or ridicule.

2. An assumption of buffoonery to cover some serious purpose. [R.]
Donaldson.

PANTALET
Pan`ta*let", n. Etym: [Dim. of pantal.]

Defn: One of the legs of the loose drawers worn by children and
women; particularly, the lower part of such a garment, coming below
the knee, often made in a separate piece; -- chiefly in the plural.

PANTALOON
Pan`ta*loon", n. Etym: [F. pantalon, fr. It. pantalone, a masked
character in the Italian comedy, who wore breeches and stockings that
were all of one piece, from Pantaleone, the patron saint of Venice,
which, as a baptismal name, is very frequent among the Venetians, and
is applied to them by the other Italians as a nickname, fr. Gr.

1. Aridiculous character, or an old dotard, in the Italian comedy;
also, a buffoon in pantomimes. Addison.
The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slippered pantaloon. Shak.

2. pl.

Defn: A bifurcated garment for a man, covering the body from the
waist downwards, and consisting of breeches and stockings in one.

3. pl.

Defn: In recent times, same as Trousers.

PANTALOONERY
Pan`ta*loon"er*y, n.

1. The character or performances of a pantaloon; buffoonery. [R.]
Lamb.

2. Materials for pantaloons.

PANTAMORPH
Pan"ta*morph, n.

Defn: That which assumes, or exists in, all forms.

PANTAMORPHIC
Pan`ta*mor"phic, a. Etym: [Panta- + Gr.

Defn: Taking all forms.

PANTASCOPE
Pan"ta*scope, n. Etym: [Panta- + -scope.] (Photog.)

Defn: A pantascopic camera.

PANTASCOPIC
Pan`ta*scop"ic, a.

Defn: Viewing all; taking a view of the whole. See under Camera.

PANTASTOMATA
Pan`ta*stom"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the divisions of Flagellata, including the monads and
allied forms.

PANTECHNICON
Pan*tech"ni*con, n. Etym: [NL. See Pan-, and Technic.]

Defn: A depository or place where all sorts of manufactured articles
are collected for sale.

PANTELEGRAPH
Pan*tel"e*graph, n. Etym: [Pan- + telegraph.]

Defn: See under Telegraph.

PANTER
Pant"er, n.

Defn: One who pants. Congreve.

PANTER
Pan"ter, n.Etym: [F. panetier. See Pantry.]

Defn: A keeper of the pantry; a pantler. [Obs.] Tyndale.

PANTER
Pan"ter, n. Etym: [See Painter a rope.]

Defn: A net; a noose. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PANTEUTONIC
Pan`teu*ton"ic, a. Etym: [Pan- + Teutonic.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to all the Teutonic races.

PANTHEISM
Pan"the*ism, n. Etym: [Pan- + theism.]

Defn: The doctrine that the universe, taken or conceived of as a
whole, is God; the doctrine that there is no God but the combined
force and laws which are manifested in the existing universe;
cosmotheism.

PANTHEIST
Pan"the*ist, n.

Defn: One who holds to pantheism.

PANTHEISTIC; PANTHEISTICAL
Pan`the*is"tic, Pan`the*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pantheism; founded in, or leading to,
pantheism.
 -- Pan`the*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

PANTHEOLOGIST
Pan`the*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in pantheology.

PANTHEOLOGY
Pan`the*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Pan- + theology.]

Defn: A system of theology embracing all religions; a complete system
of theology.

PANTHEON
Pan*the"on, n. Etym: [L. pantheon, pantheum, Gr. panthéon. See Pan-,
and Theism.]

1. A temple dedicated to all the gods; especially, the building so
called at Rome.

2. The collective gods of a people, or a work treating of them; as, a
divinity of the Greek pantheon.

PANTHER
Pan"ther, n. Etym: [OE. pantere, F. panthère, L. panthera, Gr.
pundrika a tiger.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large dark-colored variety of the leopard, by some zoölogists
considered a distinct species. It is marked with large ringlike
spots, the centers of which are darker than the color of the body.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: In America, the name is applied to the puma, or cougar, and
sometimes to the jaguar. Panther cat (Zoöl.), the ocelot.
 -- Panther cowry (Zoöl.), a spotted East Indian cowry (Cypræa
pantherina); -- so called from its color.

PANTHERESS
Pan"ther*ess, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A female panther.

PANTHERINE
Pan"ther*ine, a.

Defn: Like a panther, esp. in color; as, the pantherine snake (Ptyas
mucosus) of Brazil.

PANTILE
Pan"tile`, n. Etym: [5th pan + tile.] (Arch.)

Defn: A roofing tile, of peculiar form, having a transverse section
resembling an elongated S laid on its side (

PANTINGLY
Pant"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With palpitation or rapid breathing. Shak.

PANTISOCRACY
Pan`ti*soc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Panto- + Gr.

Defn: A Utopian community, in which all should rule equally, such as
was devised by Coleridge, Lovell, and Southey, in their younger days.

PANTISOCRAT
Pan*tis"o*crat, n.

Defn: A pantisocratist.

PANTISOCRATIC
Pan`ti*so*crat"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pantisocracy.

PANTISOCRATIST
Pan`ti*soc"ra*tist, n.

Defn: One who favors or supports the theory of a pantisocracy.
Macaulay.

PANTLER
Pan"tler, n. Etym: [F. panetier. See Panter, Pantry.]

Defn: The servant or officer, in a great family, who has charge of
the bread and the pantry. [Obs.] Shak.

PANTO-
Pan"to-.

Defn: See Pan-.

PANTOCHRONOMETER
Pan`to*chro*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Panto- + chronometer.]

Defn: An instrument combining a compass, sundial, and universal time
dial. Brande & C.

PANTOFLE
Pan*to"fle, n. Etym: [F. pantoufle.]

Defn: A slipper for the foot. [Written also pantable and pantoble.]

PANTOGRAPH
Pan"to*graph, n. Etym: [Panto- + -graph: cf. F. pantographe.]

Defn: An instrument for copying plans, maps, and other drawings, on
the same, or on a reduced or an enlarged, scale. [Written also
pantagraph, and incorrectly pentagraph.] Skew pantograph, a kind of
pantograph for drawing a copy which is inclined with respect to the
original figure; -- also called plagiograph.

PANTOGRAPHIC; PANTOGRAPHICAL
Pan`to*graph"ic, Pan`to*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
pantographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pantograph; relating to pantography.

PANTOGRAPHY
Pan*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pantographie.]

Defn: A general description; entire view of an object.

PANTOLOGICAL
Pan`to*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pantology.

PANTOLOGIST
Pan*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in pantology; a writer of pantology.

PANTOLOGY
Pan*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Panto- + -logy.]

Defn: A systematic view of all branches of human knowledge; a work of
universal information.

PANTOMETER
Pan*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Panto- + -meter: cf. F. pantomètre.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring angles for determining elevations,
distances, etc.

PANTOMETRY
Pan*tom"e*try, n.

Defn: Universal measurement. [R.] -- Pan`to*met"ric, a. [R.]

PANTOMIME
Pan"to*mime, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. pantomimus, Gr. pantomimo. See
Mimic.]

1. A universal mimic; an actor who assumes many parts; also, any
actor. [Obs.]

2. One who acts his part by gesticulation or dumb show only, without
speaking; a pantomimist.
[He] saw a pantomime perform so well that he could follow the
performance from the action alone. Tylor.

3. A dramatic representation by actors who use only dumb show; hence,
dumb show, generally.

4. A dramatic and spectacular entertainment of which dumb acting as
well as burlesque dialogue, music, and dancing by Clown, Harlequin,
etc., are features.

PANTOMIME
Pan"to*mime, a.

Defn: Representing only in mute actions; pantomimic; as, a pantomime
dance.

PANTOMIMIC; PANTOMIMICAL
Pan`to*mim"ic, Pan`to*mim"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pantomimique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pantomime; representing by dumb show.
"Pantomimic gesture." Bp. Warburton.
 -- Pan`to*mim"ic*al*ly, adv.

PANTOMIMIST
Pan"to*mi`mist, n.

Defn: An actor in pantomime; also, a composer of pantomimes.

PANTON
Pan"ton, n. Etym: [F. patin. See Patten.] (Far.)

Defn: A horseshoe to correct a narrow, hoofbound heel.

PANTOPHAGIST
Pan*toph"a*gist, n. Etym: [See Pantophagous.]

Defn: A person or an animal that has the habit of eating all kinds of
food.

PANTOPHAGOUS
Pan*toph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Eating all kinds of food.

PANTOPHAGY
Pan*toph"a*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The habit or power of eating all kinds of food.

PANTOPODA
Pan*top"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Panto-, & -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pycnogonida.

PANTOSCOPIC
Pan`to*scop"ic, a. Etym: [Panto- + -scope + -ic.]

Defn: Literally, seeing everything; -- a term applied to eyeglasses
or spectacles divided into two segments, the upper being designed for
distant vision, the lower for vision of near objects.

PANTRY
Pan"try, n.; pl. Pantries. Etym: [OE. pantrie, F. paneterie, fr.
panetier pantler, LL. panetarius baker, panetus small loaf of bread,
L. panis bread. Cf. Company, Pannier, Pantler.]

Defn: An apartment or closet in which bread and other provisions are
kept.

PANURGIC
Pan*ur"gic, a. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

Defn: Skilled in all kinds of work. "The panurgic Diderot." J.
Morley.

PANURGY
Pan"ur*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Skill in all kinds of work or business; craft. [R.] Bailey.

PANYARD
Pan"yard, n.

Defn: See Pannier. [Obs.] Pepys.

PANYM
Pa"nym, n. & a.

Defn: See Panim. [Obs.]

PANZOISM
Pan*zo"ism, n. Etym: [Pan- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A term used to denote all of the elements or factors which
constitute vitality or vital energy. H. Spencer.

PAOLO
Pa"o*lo, n. Etym: [It. Cf. Paul.]

Defn: An old Italian silver coin, worth about ten cents.

PAP
Pap, n. Etym: [Cf. OSw. papp. Cf. Pap soft food.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A nipple; a mammilla; a teat. Dryden.
The paps which thou hast sucked. Luke xi. 27.

2. A rounded, nipplelike hill or peak; anything resembling a nipple
in shape; a mamelon. Macaulay.

PAP
Pap, n. Etym: [Cf. D. pap, G. pappe, both perh. fr. L. papa, pappa,
the word with which infants call for food: cf. It. pappa.]

1. A soft food for infants, made of bread boiled or softtened in milk
or water.

2. Nourishment or support from official patronage; as, treasury pap.
[Colloq. & Contemptuous]

3. The pulp of fruit. Ainsworth.

PAP
Pap, v. t.

Defn: To feed with pap. Beau. & Fl.

PAPA
Pa*pa", n. Etym: [F. papa, L. papa; cf. Gr. Pope.]

1. A child's word for father.

2. A parish priest in the Greek Church. Shipley.

PAPABOTE
Pa`pa*bo"te, n. Etym: [Probably of Creole origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The upland plover. [Local, U. S.]

PAPACY
Pa"pa*cy, n. Etym: [LL. papatia, fr. L. papa a father, bishop. See
Pope.]

1. The office and dignity of the pope, or pontiff, of Rome; papal
jurisdiction.

2. The popes, collectively; the succession of popes.

3. The Roman Catholic religion; -- commonly used by the opponents of
the Roman Catholics in disparagement or in an opprobrious sense.

PAPAGAY
Pap"a*gay, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Popinjay, 1 (b).

PAPAIN
Pa*pa"in, n. Etym: [From Papaw.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A proteolytic ferment, like trypsin, present in the juice of
the green fruit of the papaw (Carica Papaya) of tropical America.

PAPAL
Pa"pal, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. papa bishop. See Papacy.]

1. Of or pertaining to the pope of Rome; proceeding from the pope;
ordered or pronounced by the pope; as, papal jurisdiction; a papal
edict; the papal benediction. Milman.

2. Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church. "Papal Christians."
Bp. Burnet. Papal cross. See Illust. 3 of Cross.
 -- Papal crown, the tiara.

PAPALIST
Pa"pal*ist, n.

Defn: A papist. [Obs.] Baxter.

PAPALITY
Pa*pal"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. papalitas: cf. F. papauté.]

Defn: The papacy. [Obs.] Ld. Berners. Milton.

PAPALIZE
Pa"pal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make papal. [R.]

PAPALIZE
Pa"pal*ize, v. i.

Defn: To conform to popery. Cowper.

PAPALLY
Pa"pal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a papal manner; popishly

PAPALTY
Pa"pal*ty, n.

Defn: The papacy. [Obs.] Milton.

PAPAPHOBIA
Pa`pa*pho"bi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. papa bishop + Gr.

Defn: Intense fear or dread of the pope, or of the Roman Catholic
Church. [R.]

PAPARCHY
Pa"par*chy, n. Etym: [L. papa bishop + -archy.]

Defn: Government by a pope; papal rule.

PAPAVER
Pa*pa"ver, n. Etym: [L., poppy.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, including the poppy.

PAPAVERACEOUS
Pa*pav`er*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants
(Papaveraceæ) of which the poppy, the celandine, and the bloodroot
are well-known examples.

PAPAVERINE
Pa*pav"er*ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found in opium. It has a weaker therapeutic action
than morphine.

PAPAVEROUS
Pa*pav"er*ous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the poppy; of the nature of the poppy. Sir
T. Browne.

PAPAW
Pa*paw", n. Etym: [Prob. from the native name in the West Indies; cf.
Sp. papayo papaw, papaya the fruit of the papaw.] [Written also
pawpaw.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A tree (Carica Papaya) of tropical America, belonging to the
order Passifloreæ. It has a soft, spongy stem, eighteen or twenty
feet high, crowned with a tuft of large, long-stalked, palmately
lobed leaves. The milky juice of the plant is said to have the
property of making meat tender. Also, its dull orange-colored, melon-
shaped fruit, which is eaten both raw and cooked or pickled.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A tree of the genus Asimina (A. triloba), growing in the
western and southern parts of the United States, and producing a
sweet edible fruit; also, the fruit itself. Gray.

PAPBOAT
Pap"boat`, n.

1. A kind of sauce boat or dish.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large spiral East Indian marine shell (Turbinella rapha); --
so called because used by native priests to hold the oil for
anointing.

PAPE
Pape, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pape, fr. L. papa. See Pope.]

Defn: A spiritual father; specifically, the pope. [Obs.]

PAPEJAY
Pa"pe*jay, n.

Defn: A popinjay. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PAPER
Pa"per, n. Etym: [F. papier, fr. L. papyrus papyrus, from which the
Egyptians made a kind of paper, Gr. Papyrus.]

1. A substance in the form of thin sheets or leaves intended to be
written or printed on, or to be used in wrapping. It is made of rags,
straw, bark, wood, or other fibrous material, which is first reduced
to pulp, then molded, pressed, and dried.

2. A sheet, leaf, or piece of such substance.

3. A printed or written instrument; a document, essay, or the like; a
writing; as, a paper read before a scientific society.
They brought a paper to me to be signed. Dryden.

4. A printed sheet appearing periodically; a newspaper; a journal;
as, a daily paper.

5. Negotiable evidences of indebtedness; notes; bills of exchange,
and the like; as, the bank holds a large amount of his paper.

6. Decorated hangings or coverings for walls, made of paper. See
Paper hangings, below.

7. A paper containing (usually) a definite quantity; as, a paper of
pins, tacks, opium, etc.

8. A medicinal preparation spread upon paper, intended for external
application; as, cantharides paper.

Note: Paper is manufactured in sheets, the trade names of which,
together with the regular sizes in inches, are shown in the following
table. But paper makers vary the size somewhat.

Note: In the manufacture of books, etc., a sheet, of whatever size
originally, is termed, when folded once, a folio; folded twice, a
quarto, or 4to; three times, an octavo, or 8vo; four times, a
sextodecimo, or 16mo; five times, a 32mo; three times, with an offcut
folded twice and set in, a duodecimo, or 12mo; four times, with an
offcut folded three times and set in, a 24mo.

Note: Paper is often used adjectively or in combination, having
commonly an obvious signification; as, paper cutter or paper-cutter;
paper knife, paper-knife, or paperknife; paper maker, paper-maker, or
papermaker; paper mill or paper-mill; paper weight, paper-weight, or
paperweight, etc. Business paper, checks, notes, drafts, etc., given
in payment of actual indebtedness; -- opposed to accommodation paper.
 -- Fly paper, paper covered with a sticky preparation, -- used for
catching flies.
 -- Laid paper. See under Laid.
 -- Paper birch (Bot.), the canoe birch tree (Betula papyracea).
 -- Paper blockade, an ineffective blockade, as by a weak naval
force.
 -- Paper boat (Naut.), a boat made of water-proof paper.
 -- Paper car wheel (Railroad), a car wheel having a steel tire, and
a center formed of compressed paper held between two plate-iron
disks. Forney.
 -- Paper credit, credit founded upon evidences of debt, such as
promissory notes, duebills, etc.
 -- Paper hanger, one who covers walls with paper hangings.
 -- Paper hangings, paper printed with colored figures, or otherwise
made ornamental, prepared to be pasted against the walls of
apartments, etc.; wall paper.
 -- Paper house, an audience composed of people who have come in on
free passes. [Cant] -- Paper money, notes or bills, usually issued by
government or by a banking corporation, promising payment of money,
and circulated as the representative of coin.
 -- Paper mulberry. (Bot.) See under Mulberry.
 -- Paper muslin, glazed muslin, used for linings, etc.
 -- Paper nautilus. (Zoöl.) See Argonauta.
 -- Paper reed (Bot.), the papyrus.
 -- Paper sailor. (Zoöl.) See Argonauta.
 -- Paper stainer, one who colors or stamps wall paper. De Colange.
 -- Paper wasp (Zoöl.), any wasp which makes a nest of paperlike
material, as the yellow jacket.
 -- Paper weight, any object used as a weight to prevent loose papers
from being displaced by wind, or otherwise.
 -- Parchment paper. See Papyrine.
 -- Tissue paper, thin, gauzelike paper, such as is used to protect
engravings in books.
 -- Wall paper. Same as Paper hangings, above.
 -- Waste paper, paper thrown aside as worthless or useless, except
for uses of little account.
 -- Wove paper, a writing paper with a uniform surface, not ribbed or
watermarked.

PAPER
Pa"per, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to paper; made of paper; resembling paper;
existing only on paper; unsubstantial; as, a paper box; a paper army.

PAPER
Pa"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Papered(); p. pr. & vb. n. Papering.]

1. To cover with paper; to furnish with paper hangings; as, to paper
a room or a house.

2. To fold or inclose in paper.

3. To put on paper; to make a memorandum of. [Obs.]

PAPERWEIGHT
Pa"per*weight`, n.

Defn: See under Paper, n.

PAPERY
Pa"per*y, a.

Defn: Like paper; having the thinness or consistence of paper. Gray.

PAPESCENT
Pa*pes"cent, a. Etym: [From Pap soft food.]

Defn: Containing or producing pap; like pap. [R.] Arbuthnot.

PAPESS
Pa"pess, n. Etym: [F. papesse.]

Defn: A female pope; i. e., the fictitious pope Joan. [Obs.] Bp.
Hall.

PAPETERIE
Pa`pe*terie", n. Etym: [F., paper manufacture, fr. papier paper.]

Defn: A case or box containing paper and materials for writing.

PAPHIAN
Pa"phi*an, a. Etym: [L. Paphius, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Paphos, an ancient city of Cyprus, having a
celebrated temple of Venus; hence, pertaining to Venus, or her rites.

PAPHIAN
Pa"phi*an

Defn: , n. A native or inhabitant of Paphos.

PAPIER-MACHE
Pa`pier"-ma`ché", n. Etym: [F. papier mâché, lit., chewed or mashed
paper.]

Defn: A hard and strong substance made of a pulp from paper, mixed
with sise or glue, etc. It is formed into various articles, usually
by means of molds.

PAPILIO
Pa*pil"i*o, n. Etym: [L., a butterfly.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of butterflies.

Note: Formerly it included numerous species which are now placed in
other genera. By many writers it is now restricted to the swallow-
tailed butterflies, like Papilio polyxenes, or asterias, and related
species.

PAPILIONACEOUS
Pa*pil`io*na"ceous, a.

1. Resembling the butterfly.

2. (Bot.)
(a) Having a winged corolla somewhat resembling a butterfly, as in
the blossoms of the bean and pea.
(b) Belonging to that suborder of leguminous plants (Papilionaceæ)
which includes the bean, pea, vetch, clover, and locust.

PAPILIONES
Pa*pil`i*o"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Papilio.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Lepidoptera which includes the butterflies.

PAPILIONIDES
Pa*pil`i*on"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The typical butterflies.

PAPILLA
Pa*pil"la, n.; pl. Papillæ. Etym: [L., a nipple, pimple.]

Defn: Any minute nipplelike projection; as, the papillæ of the
tongue.

PAPILLAR
Pap"il*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. papillaire.]

Defn: Same as Papillose.

PAPILLARY
Pap"il*la*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. papillaire.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a papilla or papillæ;
bearing, or covered with, papillæ; papillose.

PAPILLATE
Pap"il*late, v. t. & i.

Defn: To cover with papillæ; to take the form of a papilla, or of
papillæ.

PAPILLATE
Pap"il*late, a.

Defn: Same as Papillose.

PAPILLIFORM
Pa*pil"li*form, a. Etym: [Papilla + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like a papilla; mammilliform.

PAPILLOMA
Pap`il*lo"ma, n.; pl. Papillomata. Etym: [NL. See Papilla, and -Oma.]
(Med.)

Defn: A tumor formed by hypertrophy of the papillæ of the skin or
mucous membrane, as a corn or a wart. Quain.

PAPILLOMATOUS
Pap`il*lo"ma*tous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, papillomata.

PAPILLOSE
Pap"il*lose`, a. Etym: [Cf. F. papilleux.]

Defn: Covered with, or bearing, papillæ; resembling papillæ;
papillate; papillar; papillary.

PAPILLOTE
Pap"il*lote, n. Etym: [F., fr. papillon a butterfly.]

Defn: a small piece of paper on which women roll up their hair to
make it curl; a curl paper.

PAPILLOUS
Pap"il*lous, a.

Defn: Papillary; papillose.

PAPILLULATE
Pa*pil"lu*late, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a minute papilla in the center of a larger elevation or
depression.

PAPION
Pa"pi*on, n. Etym: [Prob. from native name: cf. Sp. papion.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African baboon (Cynocephalus sphinx), allied to the
chacma. Its color is generally chestnut, varying in tint.

PAPISM
Pa"pism, n. Etym: [F. papisme. See Pape, Pope.]

Defn: Popery; -- an offensive term. Milton.

PAPIST
Pa"pist, n. Etym: [F. papiste. See Pape, Pope.]

Defn: A Roman catholic; one who adheres to the Church of Rome and the
authority of the pope; -- an offensive designation applied to Roman
Catholics by their opponents.

PAPISTIC; PAPISTICAL
Pa*pis"tic, Pa*pis"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. papistique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Church of Rome and its doctrines and
ceremonies; pertaining to popery; popish; -- used disparagingly. "The
old papistic worship." T. Warton.
 -- Pa*pis"tic*al*ly, adv.

PAPISTRY
Pa"pist*ry, n.

Defn: The doctrine and ceremonies of the Church of Rome; popery. [R.]
Whitgift.

PAPIZED
Pa"pized, a. Etym: [From Pape.]

Defn: Conformed to popery. [Obs.] "Papized writers." Fuller.

PAPOOSE
Pa*poose", n.

Defn: A babe or young child of Indian parentage in North America.

PAPPIFORM
Pap"pi*form, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling the pappus of composite plants.

PAPPOOSE
Pap*poose", n.

Defn: Same as Papoose. Pappoose root. (Bot.) See Cohosh.

PAPPOSE
Pap*pose" a. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with a pappus; downy.

PAPPOUS
Pap"pous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pappose.

PAPPUS
Pap"pus, n. Etym: [L., an old man or grandfather; hence, a substance
resembling gray hairs, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The hairy or feathery appendage of the achenes of thistles,
dandelions, and most other plants of the order Compositæ; also, the
scales, awns, or bristles which represent the calyx in other plants
of the same order.

PAPPY
Pap"py, a. Etym: [From Pap soft food.]

Defn: Like pap; soft; succulent; tender. Ray.

PAPRIKA; PAPRICA
Pa"pri*ka, n. Also Pa"pri*ca. [Hung. paprika Turkish pepper; prob.
through G.]

Defn: The dried ripened fruit of Capsicum annuum or various other
species of pepper; also, the mildly pungent condiment prepared from
it.

PAPUAN
Pap"u*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Papua.

PAPUARS
Pap"u*ars, n. pl.; sing. Papuan (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: The native black race of Papua or New Guinea, and the adjacent
islands.

PAPULA
Pap"u*la, n.; pl. Papulæ. Etym: [L.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A pimple; a small, usually conical, elevation of the cuticle,
produced by congestion, accumulated secretion, or hypertrophy of
tissue; a papule. Quain.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the numerous small hollow processes of the integument
between the plates of starfishes.

PAPULAR
Pap"u*lar, a.

1. Covered with papules.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Consisting of papules; characterized by the presence of
papules; as, a papular eruption.

PAPULE
Pap"ule, n.; pl. Papules (.

Defn: Same as Papula.

PAPULOSE
Pap"u*lose`, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Having papulæ; papillose; as, a papulose leaf.

PAPULOUS
Pap"u*lous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pap.]

Defn: Covered with, or characterized by, papulæ; papulose.

PAPYRACEOUS
Pap`y*ra"ceous, a. Etym: [L. papyraceus made of papyrus.]

Defn: Made of papyrus; of the consistency of paper; papery.

PAPYREAN
Pa*pyr"e*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to papyrus, or to paper; papyraceous.

PAPYRINE
Pap"y*rine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. papyrin made of paper. See Paper.]

Defn: Imitation parchment, made by soaking unsized paper in dilute
sulphuric acid.

PAPYROGRAPH
Pa*pyr"o*graph, n. Etym: [Papyrus + -graph.]

Defn: An apparatus for multiplying writings, drawings, etc., in which
a paper stencil, formed by writing or drawing with corrosive ink, is
used. The word is also used of other means of multiplying copies of
writings, drawings, etc. See Copygraph, Hectograph, Manifold.

PAPYROGRAPHY
Pap`y*rog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: The process of multiplying copies of writings, etc., by means
of the papyrograph.
 -- Pap`y*ro*graph"ic, a.

PAPYRUS
Pa*py"rus, n.; pl. Papyri. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Paper.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A tall rushlike plant (Cyperus Papyrus) of the Sedge family,
formerly growing in Egypt, and now found in Abyssinia, Syria, Sicily,
etc. The stem is triangular and about an inch thick.

2. The material upon which the ancient Egyptians wrote. It was formed
by cutting the stem of the plant into thin longitudinal slices, which
were gummed together and pressed.

3. A manuscript written on papyrus; esp., pl., written scrolls made
of papyrus; as, the papyri of Egypt or Herculaneum.

PAQUE
Pâque, n. Etym: [F. pâque.]

Defn: See Pasch and Easter.

PAR
Par, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Parr.

PAR
Par, prep. Etym: [F., fr. L. per. See Per.]

Defn: By; with; -- used frequently in Early English in phrases taken
from the French, being sometimes written as a part of the word which
it governs; as, par amour, or paramour; par cas, or parcase; par fay,
or parfay.

PAR
Par, n. Etym: [L. par, adj., equal. See Peer an equal.]

1. Equal value; equality of nominal and actual value; the value
expressed on the face or in the words of a certificate of value, as a
bond or other commercial paper.

2. Equality of condition or circumstances. At par, at the original
price; neither at a discount nor at a premium.
 -- Above par, at a premium.
 -- Below par, at a discount.
 -- On a par, on a level; in the same condition, circumstances,
position, rank, etc.; as, their pretensions are on a par; his ability
is on a par with his ambition.
 -- Par of exchange. See under Exchange.
 -- Par value, nominal value; face value.

PARA-
Par"a-. Etym: [Gr. for- in forgive. Cf. For-.]

1. A prefix signifying alongside of, beside, beyond, against, amiss;
as parable, literally, a placing beside; paradox, that which is
contrary to opinion; parachronism.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix denoting: (a) Likeness, similarity, or connection, or
that the substance resembles, but is distinct from, that to the name
of which it is prefixed; as paraldehyde, paraconine, etc.; also, an
isomeric modification. (b) Specifically: (Organ. Chem.) That two
groups or radicals substituted in the benzene nucleus are opposite,
or in the respective positions 1 and 4; 2 and 5; or 3 and 6, as
paraxylene; paroxybenzoic acid. Cf. Ortho-, and Meta-. Also used
adjectively.

PARA
Pa*ra", n. Etym: [Turk., fr. Per. parah a piece.]

Defn: A piece of Turkish money, usually copper, the fortieth part of
a piaster, or about one ninth of a cent.

PARA-ANAESTHESIA; PARA-ANESTHESIA
Par`a-an`æs*the"si*a, -an`es*the"si*a, n. [NL.; para- + anæsthesia.]
(Med.)

Defn: Anæsthesia of both sides of the lower half of the body.

PARABANIC
Par`a*ban"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous acid which is
obtained by the oxidation of uric acid, as a white crystalline
substance (C3N2H2O3); -- also called oxalyl urea.

PARABLAST
Par"a*blast, n. Etym: [Cf. Gr. Para-, and -blast.] (Biol.)

Defn: A portion of the mesoblast (of peripheral origin) of the
developing embryo, the cells of which are especially concerned in
forming the first blood and blood vessels. C. S. Minot.

PARABLASTIC
Par`a*blas"tic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the parablast; as, the parablastic cells.

PARABLE
Par"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. parabilis, fr. parare to provide.]

Defn: Procurable. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PARABLE
Par"a*ble, n. Etym: [F. parabole, L. parabola, fr. Gr. gal to drop.
Cf. Emblem, Gland, Palaver, Parabola, Parley, Parabole, Symbol.]

Defn: A comparison; a similitude; specifically, a short fictitious
narrative of something which might really occur in life or nature, by
means of which a moral is drawn; as, the parables of Christ. Chaucer.
Declare unto us the parable of the tares. Matt. xiii. 36.

Syn.
 -- See Allegory, and Note under Apologue.

PARABLE
Par"a*ble, v. t.

Defn: To represent by parable. [R.]
Which by the ancient sages was thus parabled. Milton.

PARABOLA
Pa*rab"o*la, n.; pl. Parabolas. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Parable, and cf.
Parabole.] (Geom.)
(a) A kind of curve; one of the conic sections formed by the
intersection of the surface of a cone with a plane parallel to one of
its sides. It is a curve, any point of which is equally distant from
a fixed point, called the focus, and a fixed straight line, called
the directrix. See Focus.
(b) One of a group of curves defined by the equation y = axn where n
is a positive whole number or a positive fraction. For the cubical
parabola n = 3; for the semicubical parabola n = Cubical, and
Semicubical. The parabolas have infinite branches, but no rectilineal
asymptotes.

PARABOLE
Pa*rab"o*le, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Parable.] (Rhet.)

Defn: Similitude; comparison.

PARABOLIC; PARABOLICAL
Par`a*bol"ic, Par`a*bol"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. parabolique. See
Parable.]

1. Of the nature of a parable; expressed by a parable or figure;
allegorical; as, parabolical instruction.

2. Etym: [From Parabola.] (Geom.)
(a) Having the form or nature of a parabola; pertaining to, or
resembling, a parabola; as, a parabolic curve.
(b) Generated by the revolution of a parabola, or by a line that
moves on a parabola as a directing curve; as, a parabolic conoid.
Parabolic conoid, a paraboloid; a conoid whose directing curve is a
parabola. See Conoid.
 -- Parabolic mirror (Opt.), a mirror having a paraboloidal surface
which gives for parallel rays (as those from very distant objects)
images free from aberration. It is used in reflecting telescopes.
 -- Parabolic spindle, the solid generated by revolving the portion
of a parabola cut off by a line drawn at right angles to the axis of
the curve, about that line as an axis.
 -- Parabolic spiral, a spiral curve conceived to be formed by the
periphery of a semiparabola when its axis is wrapped about a circle;
also, any other spiral curve having an analogy to the parabola.

PARABOLICALLY
Par`a*bol"ic*al*ly, adv.

1. By way of parable; in a parabolic manner.

2. In the form of a parabola.

PARABOLIFORM
Par`a*bol"i*form, a. Etym: [Parabola + -form.]

Defn: Resembling a parabola in form.

PARABOLISM
Pa*rab"o*lism, n. Etym: [From Parabola.] (Alg.)

Defn: The division of the terms of an equation by a known quantity
that is involved in the first term. [Obs.]

PARABOLIST
Pa*rab"o*list, n.

Defn: A narrator of parables.

PARABOLOID
Pa*rab"o*loid, n. Etym: [Parabola + -oid: cf. F. paraboloïde.]
(Geom.)

Defn: The solid generated by the rotation of a parabola about its
axis; any surface of the second order whose sections by planes
parallel to a given line are parabolas.

Note: The term paraboloid has sometimes been applied also to the
parabolas of the higher orders. Hutton.

PARABOLOIDAL
Par`a*bo*loid"al, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a paraboloid.

PARABRONCHIUM
Par`a*bron"chi*um, n.; pl. Parabronchia. Etym: [NL. See Para-,
Bronchia.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the branches of an ectobronchium or entobronchium.

PARACELSIAN
Par`a*cel"si*an, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or in conformity with, the practice of
Paracelsus, a Swiss physician of the 15th century. Ferrand.

PARACELSIAN
Par`a*cel"si*an, n.

Defn: A follower of Paracelsus or his practice or teachings.
Hakewill.

PARACELSIST
Par`a*cel"sist, n.

Defn: A Paracelsian.

PARACENTESIS
Par`a*cen*te"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The perforation of a cavity of the body with a trocar,
aspirator, or other suitable instrument, for the evacuation of
effused fluid, pus, or gas; tapping.

PARACENTRIC; PARACENTRICAL
Par`a*cen"tric, Par`a*cen"tric*al, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + centric, -
ical: cf. F. paracentrique.]

Defn: Deviating from circularity; changing the distance from a
center. Paracentric curve (Math.), a curve having the property that,
when its plane is placed vertically, a body descending along it, by
the force of gravity, will approach to, or recede from, a fixed point
or center, by equal distances in equal times; -- called also a
paracentric.
 -- Paracentric motton or velocity, the motion or velocity of a
revolving body, as a planet, by which it approaches to, or recedes
from, the center, without reference to its motion in space, or to its
motion as reckoned in any other direction.

PARACHORDAL
Par`a*chor"dal, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + chordal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated on either side of the notochord; -- applied especially
to the cartilaginous rudiments of the skull on each side of the
anterior part of the notochord.
 -- n.

Defn: A parachordal cartilage.

PARACHRONISM
Pa*rach"ro*nism, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + Gr. parachronisme.]

Defn: An error in chronology, by which the date of an event is set
later than the time of its occurrence. [R.]

PARACHROSE
Par"a*chrose, a. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Changing color by exposure Mohs.

PARACHUTE
Par"a*chute, n. Etym: [F., fr. paper to ward off, guard + chute a
fall. See Parry, and Chute, Chance.]

1. A contrivance somewhat in the form of an umbrella, by means of
which a descent may be made from a balloon, or any eminence.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A web or fold of skin which extends between the legs of certain
mammals, as the flying squirrels, colugo, and phalangister.

PARACLETE
Par"a*clete, n. Etym: [L. paracletus, Gr.

Defn: An advocate; one called to aid or support; hence, the Consoler,
Comforter, or Intercessor; -- a term applied to the Holy Spirit.
From which intercession especially I conceive he hath the name of the
Paraclete given him by Christ. Bp. Pearson.

PARACLOSE
Par"a*close, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Parclose.

PARACMASTIC
Par`ac*mas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. Para-, and Acme.] (Med.)

Defn: Gradually decreasing; past the acme, or crisis, as a distemper.
Dunglison.

PARACONIC
Par`a*con"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + aconitic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid obtained as a
deliquescent white crystalline substance, and isomeric with itaconic,
citraconic, and mesaconic acids.

PARACONINE
Par`a*co"nine, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + conine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A base resembling and isomeric with conine, and obtained as a
colorless liquid from butyric aldehyde and ammonia.

PARACOROLLA
Par`a*co*rol"la, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + corolla.] (Bot.)

Defn: A secondary or inner corolla; a corona, as of the Narcissus.

PARA CRESS
Pará cress.

Defn: An annual asteraceous herb (Spilances oleracea) grown in
tropical countries as a pungent salad, and also used medicinally.

PARACROSTIC
Par`a*cros"tic, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + acrostic.]

Defn: A poetical composition, in which the first verse contains, in
order, the first letters of all the verses of the poem. Brande & C.

PARACYANOGEN
Par`a*cy*an"o*gen, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + cyanogen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A polymeric modification of cyanogen, obtained as a brown or
black amorphous residue by heating mercuric cyanide.

PARACYMENE
Par`a*cy"mene, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + cymene.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Cymene.

PARADACTYLUM
Par`a*dac"ty*lum, n.; pl. Paradactyla. Etym: [NL. See Para-, and
Dactyl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The side of a toe or finger.

PARADE
Pa*rade", n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. parada a halt or stopping, an
assembling for exercise, a place where troops are assembled to
exercise, fr. parar to stop, to prepare. See Pare, v. t.]

1. The ground where a military display is held, or where troops are
drilled.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: An assembly and orderly arrangement or display of troops, in
full equipments, for inspection or evolutions before some superior
officer; a review of troops. Parades are general, regimental, or
private (troop, battery, or company), according to the force
assembled.

3. Pompous show; formal display or exhibition.
Be rich, but of your wealth make no parade. Swift.

4. That which is displayed; a show; a spectacle; an imposing
procession; the movement of any body marshaled in military order; as,
a parade of firemen.
In state returned the grand parade. Swift.

5. Posture of defense; guard. [A Gallicism.]
When they are not in parade, and upon their guard. Locke.

6. A public walk; a promenade. Dress parade, Undress parade. See
under Dress, and Undress.
 -- Parade rest, a position of rest for soldiers, in which, however,
they are required to be silent and motionless. Wilhelm.

Syn.
 -- Ostentation; display; show.
 -- Parade, Ostentation. Parade is a pompous exhibition of things for
the purpose of display; ostentation now generally indicates a parade
of virtues or other qualities for which one expects to be honored.
"It was not in the mere parade of royalty that the Mexican potentates
exhibited their power." Robertson. "We are dazzled with the splendor
of titles, the ostentation of learning, and the noise of victories."
Spectator.

PARADE
Pa*rade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraded; p. pr. & vb. n. Parading.]
Etym: [Cf. F. parader.]

1. To exhibit in a showy or ostentatious manner; to show off.
Parading all her sensibility. Byron.

2. To assemble and form; to marshal; to cause to maneuver or march
ceremoniously; as, to parade troops.

PARADE
Pa*rade", v. i.

1. To make an exhibition or spectacle of one's self, as by walking in
a public place.

2. To assemble in military order for evolutions and inspection; to
form or march, as in review.

PARADIGM
Par"a*digm, n. Etym: [F. paradigme, L. paradigma, fr. Gr. Para-, and
Diction.]

1. An example; a model; a pattern. [R.] "The paradigms and patterns
of all things." Cudworth.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: An example of a conjugation or declension, showing a word in
all its different forms of inflection.

3. (Rhet.)

Defn: An illustration, as by a parable or fable.

PARADIGMATIC; PARADIGMATICAL
Par`a*dig*mat"ic, Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Exemplary.
 -- Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.]

PARADIGMATIC
Par`a*dig*mat"ic, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A writer of memoirs of religious persona, as examples of
Christian excellence.

PARADIGMATIZE
Par`a*dig"ma*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paradigmatized; p. pr. & vb.
n. Paradigmatizing.] Etym: [Gr. Paradigm.]

Defn: To set forth as a model or example. [Obs.] Hammond.

PARADISAIC; PARADISAICAL
Par`a*di*sa"ic, Par`a*di*sa"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or resembling, paradise; paradisiacal.
"Paradisaical pleasures." Gray.

PARADISAL
Par"a*di`sal, a.

Defn: Paradisiacal.

PARADISE
Par"a*dise, n. Etym: [OE. & F. paradis, L. paradisus, fr. Gr.
para`deisos park, paradise, fr. Zend pairidaeza an inclosure; pairi
around (akin to Gr. diz to throw up, pile up; cf. Skr. dih to smear,
and E. dough. Cf. Parvis.]

1. The garden of Eden, in which Adam and Eve were placed after their
creation.

2. The abode of sanctified souls after death.
To-day shalt thou be with me in paradise. Luke xxiii. 43.
It sounds to him like her mother's voice, Singing in Paradise.
Longfellow.

3. A place of bliss; a region of supreme felicity or delight; hence,
a state of happiness.
The earth Shall be all paradise. Milton.
Wrapt in the very paradise of some creative vision. Beaconsfield.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: An open space within a monastery or adjoining a church, as the
space within a cloister, the open court before a basilica, etc.

5. A churchyard or cemetery. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss. Fool's paradise. See
under Fool, and Limbo.
 -- Grains of paradise. (Bot.) See Melequeta pepper, under Pepper.
 -- Paradise bird. (Zoöl.) Same as Bird of paradise. Among the most
beautiful species are the superb (Lophorina superba); the magnificent
(Diphyllodes magnifica); and the six-shafted paradise bird (Parotia
sefilata). The long-billed paradise birds (Epimachinæ) also include
some highly ornamental species, as the twelve-wired paradise bird
(Seleucides alba), which is black, yellow, and white, with six long
breast feathers on each side, ending in long, slender filaments. See
Bird of paradise in the Vocabulary.
 -- Paradise fish (Zoöl.), a beautiful fresh-water Asiatic fish
(Macropodus viridiauratus) having very large fins. It is often kept
alive as an ornamental fish.
 -- Paradise flycatcher (Zoöl.), any flycatcher of the genus
Terpsiphone, having the middle tail feathers extremely elongated. The
adult male of T. paradisi is white, with the head glossy dark green,
and crested.
 -- Paradise grackle (Zoöl.), a very beautiful bird of New Guinea, of
the genus Astrapia, having dark velvety plumage with brilliant
metallic tints.
 -- Paradise nut (Bot.), the sapucaia nut. See Sapucaia nut. [Local,
U. S.] -- Paradise whidah bird. (Zoöl.) See Whidah.

PARADISE
Par"a*dise, v. t.

Defn: To affect or exalt with visions of felicity; to entrance; to
bewitch. [R.] Marston.

PARADISEAN
Par`a*dis"e*an, a.

Defn: Paradisiacal.

PARADISED
Par"a*dised, a.

Defn: Placed in paradise; enjoying delights as of paradise.

PARADISIAC; PARADISIACAL
Par`a*dis"i*ac, Par`a*di*si"a*cal, a. Etym: [L. paradisiacus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to paradise; suitable to, or like, paradise.
C. Kingsley. T. Burnet. "A paradisiacal scene." Pope.
The valley . . . is of quite paradisiac beauty. G. Eliot.

PARADISIAL; PARADISIAN
Par`a*dis"i*al, Par`a*dis"i*an, a.

Defn: Paradisiacal. [R.]

PARADISIC
Par`a*dis"ic, a.

Defn: Paradisiacal. [R.] Broome.

PARADISICAL
Par`a*dis"ic*al, a.

Defn: Paradisiacal. [R.]

PARADOS
Par`a*dos, n.; pl. Paradoses. Etym: [F., fr. parer to defend + dos
back, L. dorsum.] (Fort.)

Defn: An intercepting mound, erected in any part of a fortification
to protect the defenders from a rear or ricochet fire; a traverse.
Farrow.

PARADOX
Par`a*dox, n.; pl. Paradoxes. Etym: [F. paradoxe, L. paradoxum, fr.
Gr. Para-, and Dogma.]

Defn: A tenet or proposition contrary to received opinion; an
assertion or sentiment seemingly contradictory, or opposed to common
sense; that which in appearance or terms is absurd, but yet may be
true in fact.
A gloss there is to color that paradox, and make it appear in show
not to be altogether unreasonable. Hooker.
This was sometime a paradox, but now the time gives it proof. Shak.
Hydrostatic paradox. See under Hydrostatic.

PARADOXAL
Par"a*dox`al, a.

Defn: Paradoxical. [Obs.]

PARADOXER; PARADOXIST
Par"a*dox`er, n., Par"a*dox`ist (, n.

Defn: One who proposes a paradox.

PARADOXICAL
Par`a*dox"ic*al, a.

1. Of the nature of a paradox.

2. Inclined to paradoxes, or to tenets or notions contrary to
received opinions. Southey.
 -- Par`a*dox"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Par`a*dox"ic*al*ness, n.

PARADOXIDES
Par`a*dox"i*des, n. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of large trilobites characteristic of the primordial
formations.

PARADOXOLOGY
Par`a*dox*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Paradox + -logy.]

Defn: The use of paradoxes. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PARADOXURE
Par`a*dox"ure, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Paradoxurus, a genus of Asiatic viverrine
mammals allied to the civet, as the musang, and the luwack or palm
cat (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). See Musang.

PARADOXY
Par"a*dox`y, n.

1. A paradoxical statement; a paradox.

2. The quality or state of being paradoxical. Coleridge

PARAFFIN; PARAFFINE
Par"af*fin, Par"af*fine, n. Etym: [F. paraffine, fr. L. parum too
little + affinis akin. So named in allusion to its chemical
inactivity.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white waxy substance, resembling spermaceti, tasteless and
odorless, and obtained from coal tar, wood tar, petroleum, etc., by
distillation. It is used as an illuminant and lubricant. It is very
inert, not being acted upon by most of the strong chemical reagents.
It was formerly regarded as a definite compound, but is now known to
be a complex mixture of several higher hydrocarbons of the methane or
marsh-gas series; hence, by extension, any substance, whether solid,
liquid, or gaseous, of the same chemical series; thus coal gas and
kerosene consist largely of paraffins.

Note: In the present chemical usage this word is spelt paraffin, but
in commerce it is commonly spelt paraffine. Native paraffin. See
Ozocerite.
 -- Paraffin series. See Methane series, under Methane.

PARAGE
Par"age, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. par, adj., equal. Cf. Peerage, Peer an
equal.]

1. (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: Equality of condition, blood, or dignity; also, equality in the
partition of an inheritance. Spelman.

2. (Feudal Law)

Defn: Equality of condition between persons holding unequal portions
of a fee. Burrill.

3. Kindred; family; birth. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.
We claim to be of high parage. Chaucer.

PARAGENESIS
Par`a*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + genesis.] (Min.)

Defn: The science which treats of minerals with special reference to
their origin.

PARAGENIC
Par`a*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. para- the root of (Biol.)

Defn: Originating in the character of the germ, or at the first
commencement of an individual; -- said of peculiarities of structure,
character, etc.

PARAGLOBULIN
Par`a*glob"u*lin, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + globulin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An albuminous body in blood serum, belonging to the group of
globulins. See Fibrinoplastin.

PARAGLOSSA
Par`a*glos"sa, n.; pl. Paraglossæ. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a pair of small appendages of the lingua or labium of
certain insects. See Illust. under Hymenoptera.

PARAGNATH
Par"ag*nath, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Paragnathus.

PARAGNATHOUS
Pa*rag"na*thous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having both mandibles of equal length, the tips meeting, as in
certain birds.

PARAGNATHUS
Pa*rag"na*thus, n.; pl. Paragnathi. Etym: [NL. See Para-, and
Gnathic.] (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the two lobes which form the lower lip, or metastome, of
Crustacea.
(b) One of the small, horny, toothlike jaws of certain annelids.

PARAGOGE
Par`a*go"ge, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Gram.)

Defn: The addition of a letter or syllable to the end of a word, as
withouten for without.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Coaptation. [Obs.] Dunglison.

PARAGOGIC; PARAGOGICAL
Par`a*gog"ic, Par`a*gog"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. paragogique.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or constituting, a paragoge; added to the
end of, or serving to lengthen, a word. Paragogic letters, in the
Semitic languages, letters which are added to the ordinary forms of
words, to express additional emphasis, or some change in the sense.

PARAGON
Par"a*gon, n. Etym: [OF. paragon, F. parangon; cf. It. paragone, Sp.
paragon, parangon; prob. fr. Gr.

1. A companion; a match; an equal. [Obs.] Spenser.
Philoclea, who indeed had no paragon but her sister. Sir P. Sidney.

2. Emulation; rivalry; competition. [Obs.]
Full many feats adventurous Performed, in paragon of proudest men.
Spenser.

3. A model or pattern; a pattern of excellence or perfection; as, a
paragon of beauty or eloquence. Udall.
Man, . . . the paragon of animals ! Shak.
The riches of sweet Mary's son, Boy-rabbi, Israel's paragon. Emerson.

4. (Print.)

Defn: A size of type between great primer and double pica. See the
Note under Type.

PARAGON
Par"a*gon, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. paragonner, F. parangonner.]

1. To compare; to parallel; to put in rivalry or emulation with.
[Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

2. To compare with; to equal; to rival. [R.] Spenser.
In arms anon to paragon the morn, The morn new rising. Glover.

3. To serve as a model for; to surpass. [Obs.]
He hath achieved a maid That paragons description and wild fame.
Shak.

PARAGON
Par"a*gon, v. i.

Defn: To be equal; to hold comparison. [R.]
Few or none could . . . paragon with her. Shelton.

PARAGONITE
Pa*rag"o*nite, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A kind of mica related to muscovite, but containing soda
instead of potash. It is characteristic of the paragonite schist of
the Alps.

PARAGRAM
Par"a*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. Paragraph.]

Defn: A pun.
Puns, which he calls paragrams. Addison.

PARAGRAMMATIST
Par`a*gram"ma*tist, n.

Defn: A punster.

PARAGRANDINE
Pa`ra*gran"di*ne, n. Etym: [It., from parare to parry + grandine
hail.]

Defn: An instrument to avert the occurrence of hailstorms. See
Paragr. Knight.

PARAGRAPH
Par"a*graph, n. Etym: [F. paragraphe, LL. paragraphus, fr. Gr. Para-,
and Graphic, and cf. Paraph.]

1. Originally, a marginal mark or note, set in the margin to call
attention to something in the text, e. g., a change of subject; now,
the character

Note: This character is merely a modification of a capital P (the
initial of the word paragraph), the letter being reversed, and the
black part made white and the white part black for the sake of
distinctiveness.

2. A distinct part of a discourse or writing; any section or
subdivision of a writing or chapter which relates to a particular
point, whether consisting of one or many sentences. The division is
sometimes noted by the mark

3. A brief composition complete in one typographical section or
paragraph; an item, remark, or quotation comprised in a few lines
forming one paragraph; as, a column of news paragraphs; an editorial
paragraph.

PARAGRAPH
Par"a*graph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paragraphed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Paragraphing.]

1. To divide into paragraphs; to mark with the character .

2. To express in the compass of a paragraph; as, to paragraph an
article.

3. To mention in a paragraph or paragraphs

PARAGRAPHER
Par"a*graph`er, n.

Defn: A writer of paragraphs; a paragraphist.

PARAGRAPHIC; PARAGRAPHICAL
Par`a*graph"ic, Par`a*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, a paragraph or paragraphs.
 -- Par`a*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

PARAGRAPHIST
Par"a*graph`ist, n.

Defn: A paragrapher.

PARAGRAPHISTICAL
Par`a*gra*phis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or relating to a paragraphist. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

PARA GRASS
Pa*ra" grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: A valuable pasture grass (Panicum barbinode) introduced into
the Southern United States from Brazil.

PARAGRELE
Pa`ra`grêle", n. Etym: [F., fr. parer to guard + grêle hail.]

Defn: A lightning conductor erected, as in a vineyard, for drawing
off the electricity in the atmosphere in order to prevent hailstorms.
[France] Knight.

PARAGUAYAN
Par`a*guay"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Paraguay.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Paraguay.

PARAGUAY TEA
Pa`ra*guay" tea".

Defn: See Mate, the leaf of the Brazilian holly.

PARAIL
Par"ail, n.

Defn: See Apparel. [Obs.] "In the parail of a pilgrim." Piers
Plowman.

PARAKEET
Par"a*keet`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Parrakeet.

PARAKITE
Par"a*kite`, n.  [Para- + kite.]

Defn: A train or series of kites on one string and flying tandem,
used for attaining great heights and for sending up instruments for
meteorological observations or a man for military reconnoissance;
also, a kite of such a train.

PARALACTIC
Par`a*lac"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + lactic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Designating an acid called paralactic acid. See Lactic acid,
under Lactic.

PARALBUMIN
Par`al*bu"min, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A proteidlike body found in the fluid from ovarian cysts and
elsewhere. It is generally associated with a substance related to, if
not identical with, glycogen.

PARALDEHYDE
Par*al"de*hyde, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + aldehyde.] (Chem.)

Defn: A polymeric modification of aldehyde obtained as a white
crystalline substance.

PARALEIPSIS
Par`a*leip"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A pretended or apparent omission; a figure by which a speaker
artfully pretends to pass by what he really mentions; as, for
example, if an orator should say, "I do not speak of my adversary's
scandalous venality and rapacity, his brutal conduct, his treachery
and malice." [Written also paralepsis, paralepsy, paralipsis.]

PARALEPSIS
Par`a*lep"sis, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Paraleipsis.

PARALGESIA
Par`al*ge"si*a, n. [NL.; para-+ Gr. 'a`lghsis sense of pain.] (Med.)

Defn: Disordered sensibility to pain, including absence of
sensibility to pain, excessive sensibility to pain, and abnormal
painful results of stimuli. -- Par`al*ge"sic (#), a.

PARALIAN
Pa*ra"li*an, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A dweller by the sea. [R.]

PARALIPOMENON
Par`a*li*pom"e*non, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. paraleipome`nwn of
things omitted, pass. p. pr. (neuter genitive plural) fr.

Defn: A title given in the Douay Bible to the Books of Chronicles.

Note: In the Septuagint these books are called Paraleipome`nwn prw
	on and dey`teron, which is understood, after Jerome's
explanation, as meaning that they are supplementary to the Books of
Kings W. Smith.

PARALIPSIS
Par`a*lip"sis, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Paraleipsis.

PARALLACTIC; PARALLACTICAL
Par`al*lac"tic, Par`al*lac"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. parallactique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a parallax.

PARALLAX
Par"al*lax, n. Etym: [Gr. parallaxe. Cf. Parallel.]

1. The apparent displacement, or difference of position, of an
object, as seen from two different stations, or points of view.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The apparent difference in position of a body (as the sun, or a
star) as seen from some point on the earth's surface, and as seen
from some other conventional point, as the earth's center or the sun.
Annual parallax, the greatest value of the heliocentric parallax, or
the greatest annual apparent change of place of a body as seen from
the earth and sun; as, the annual parallax of a fixed star.
 -- Binocular parallax, the apparent difference in position of an
object as seen separately by one eye, and then by the other, the head
remaining unmoved.
 -- Diurnal, or Geocentric, parallax, the parallax of a body with
reference to the earth's center. This is the kind of parallax that is
generally understood when the term is used without qualification.
 -- Heliocentric parallax, the parallax of a body with reference to
the sun, or the angle subtended at the body by lines drawn from it to
the earth and sun; as, the heliocentric parallax of a planet.
 -- Horizontal parallax, the geocentric parallx of a heavenly body
when in the horizon, or the angle subtended at the body by the
earth's radius.
 -- Optical parallax, the apparent displacement in position undergone
by an object when viewed by either eye singly. Brande & C.
 -- Parallax of the cross wires (of an optical instrument), their
apparent displacement when the eye changes its position, caused by
their not being exactly in the focus of the object glass.
 -- Stellar parallax, the annual parallax of a fixed star.

PARALLEL
Par"al*lel, a. Etym: [F. parallèle, L. parallelus, fr. Gr. alius. See
Allien.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: Extended in the same direction, and in all parts equally
distant; as, parallel lines; parallel planes.
Revolutions . . . parallel to the equinoctial. Hakluyt.

Note: Curved lines or curved planes are said to be parallel when they
are in all parts equally distant.

2. Having the same direction or tendency; running side by side; being
in accordance (with); tending to the same result; -- used with to and
with.
When honor runs parallel with the laws of God and our country, it can
not be too much cherished. Addison.

3. Continuing a resemblance through many particulars; applicable in
all essential parts; like; similar; as, a parallel case; a parallel
passage. Addison. Parallel bar. (a) (Steam Eng.) A rod in a parallel
motion which is parallel with the working beam. (b) One of a pair of
bars raised about five feet above the floor or ground, and parallel
to each other, -- used for gymnastic exercises.
 -- Parallel circles of a sphere, those circles of the sphere whose
planes are parallel to each other.
 -- Parallel columns, or Parallels (Printing), two or more passages
of reading matter printed side by side, for the purpose of
emphasizing the similarity or discrepancy between them.
 -- Parallel forces (Mech.), forces which act in directions parallel
to each other.
 -- Parallel motion. (a) (Mach.) A jointed system of links, rods, or
bars, by which the motion of a reciprocating piece, as a piston rod,
may be guided, either approximately or exactly in a straight line.
Rankine. (b) (Mus.) The ascending or descending of two or more parts
at fixed intervals, as thirds or sixths.
 -- Parallel rod (Locomotive Eng.), a metal rod that connects the
crank pins of two or more driving wheels; -- called also couping rod,
in distinction from the connecting rod. See Illust. of Locomotive, in
App.
 -- Parallel ruler, an instrument for drawing parallel lines, so
constructed as to have the successive positions of the ruling edge
parallel to each other; also, one consisting of two movable parts,
the opposite edges of which are always parallel.
 -- Parallel sailing (Naut.), sailing on a parallel of latitude.
 -- Parallel sphere (Astron. & Geog.), that position of the sphere in
which the circles of daily motion are parallel to the horizon, as to
an observer at either pole.
 -- Parallel vise, a vise having jaws so guided as to remain parallel
in all positions.

PARALLEL
Par"al*lel, n.

1. A line which, throughout its whole extent, is equidistant from
another line; a parallel line, a parallel plane, etc.
Who made the spider parallels design, Sure as De Moivre, without rule
or line Pope.

2. Direction conformable to that of another line,
Lines that from their parallel decline. Garth.

3. Conformity continued through many particulars or in all essential
points; resemblance; similarity.
Twixt earthly females and the moon All parallels exactly run. Swift.

4. A comparison made; elaborate tracing of similarity; as, Johnson's
parallel between Dryden and Pope.

5. Anything equal to, or resembling, another in all essential
particulars; a counterpart.
None but thyself can be thy parallel. Pope.

6. (Geog.)

Defn: One of the imaginary circles on the surface of the earth,
parallel to the equator, marking the latitude; also, the
corresponding line on a globe or map.

7. (Mil.)

Defn: One of a series of long trenches constructed before a besieged
fortress, by the besieging force, as a cover for troops supporting
the attacking batteries. They are roughly parallel to the line of
outer defenses of the fortress.

8. (Print.)

Defn: A character consisting of two parallel vertical lines (thus, )
used in the text to direct attention to a similarly marked note in
the margin or at the foot of a page. Limiting parallels. See under
Limit, v. t.
 -- Parallel of altitude (Astron.), one of the small circles of the
sphere, parallel to the horizon; an almucantar.
 -- Parallel of declination (Astron.), one of the small circles of
the sphere, parallel to the equator.
 -- Parallel of latitude. (a) (Geog.) See def. 6. above. (b)
(Astron.) One of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the
ecliptic.

PARALLEL
Par"al*lel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paralleled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Paralleling.]

1. To place or set so as to be parallel; to place so as to be
parallel to, or to conform in direction with, something else.
The needle . . . doth parallel and place itself upon the true
meridian. Sir T. Browne.

2. Fig.: To make to conform to something else in character, motive,
aim, or the like.
His life is paralleled Even with the stroke and line of his great
justice. Shak.

3. To equal; to match; to correspond to. Shak.

4. To produce or adduce as a parallel. [R.] Locke.
My young remembrance can not parallel A fellow to it. Shak.

PARALLEL
Par"al*lel, v. i.

Defn: To be parallel; to correspond; to be like. [Obs.] Bacon.

PARALLELABLE
Par"al*lel`a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being paralleled, or equaled. [R.] Bp. Hall.

PARALLELISM
Par"al*lel*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. parallélisme.]

1. The quality or state of being parallel.

2. Resemblance; correspondence; similarity.
A close parallelism of thought and incident. T. Warton.

3. Similarity of construction or meaning of clauses placed side by
side, especially clauses expressing the same sentiment with slight
modifications, as is common in Hebrew poetry; e. g.: --
At her feet he bowed, he fell: Where he bowed, there he fell down
dead. Judg. v. 27.

PARALLELISTIC
Par`al*lel*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of the nature of a parallelism; involving parallelism.
The antithetic or parallelistic form of Hebrew poetry is entirely
lost. Milman.

PARALLELIZE
Par"al*lel*ize, v. t.

Defn: To render parallel. [R.]

PARALLELLESS
Par"al*lel*less, a.

Defn: Matchless. [R.]

PARALLELLY
Par"al*lel*ly, adv.

Defn: In a parallel manner; with parallelism. [R.] Dr. H. More.

PARALLELOGRAM
Par`al*lel"o*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. parallélogramme. See Parallel, and -
gram.] (Geom.)

Defn: A right-lined quadrilateral figure, whose opposite sides are
parallel, and consequently equal; -- sometimes restricted in popular
usage to a rectangle, or quadrilateral figure which is longer than it
is broad, and with right angles. Parallelogram of velocities, forces,
accelerations, momenta, etc. (Mech.), a parallelogram the diagonal of
which represents the resultant of two velocities, forces,
accelerations, momenta, etc., both in quantity and direction, when
the velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., are represented
in quantity and direction by the two adjacent sides of the
parallelogram.

PARALLELOGRAMMATIC
Par`al*lel`o*gram*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a parallelogram; parallelogrammic.

PARALLELOGRAMMIC; PARALLELOGRAMMICAL
Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic, Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic*al, a.

Defn: Having the properties of a parallelogram. [R.]

PARALLELOPIPED
Par`al*lel`o*pi"ped, n. Etym: [Gr. parallélopipède.] (Geom.)

Defn: A solid, the faces of which are six parallelograms, the
opposite pairs being parallel, and equal to each other; a prism whose
base is a parallelogram.

PARALLELOPIPEDON
Par`al*lel`o*pip"e*don, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A parallelopiped. Hutton.

PARALLEL STANDARDS
Parallel standards. (Numismatics)

Defn: Two or more metals coined without any attempt by the government
to regulate their values.

PARALLEL SULCUS
Parallel sulcus. (Anat.)

Defn: A sulcus parallel to, but some distance below, the horizontal
limb of the fissure of Sylvius.

PARALLEL TRANSFORMER
Parallel transformer. (Elec.)

Defn: A transformer connected in parallel.

PARALLEL VISE
Parallel vise.

Defn: A vise with jaws so guided as to remain parallel.

PARALOGICAL
Par`a*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Containing paralogism; illogical. "Paralogical doubt." Sir T.
Browne.

PARALOGISM
Pa*ral"o*gism, n. Etym: [Gr. paralogisme.] (Logic)

Defn: A reasoning which is false in point of form, that is, which is
contrary to logical rules or formulæ; a formal fallacy, or pseudo-
syllogism, in which the conclusion does not follow from the premises.

PARALOGIZE
Pa*ral"o*gize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paralogized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Paralogizing.] Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To reason falsely; to draw conclusions not warranted by the
premises. [R.]

PARALOGY
Pa*ral"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: False reasoning; paralogism.

PARALYSE
Par"a*lyse, v. t.

Defn: Same as Paralyze.

PARALYSIS
Pa*ral"y*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Para-, and Loose, and cf. Palsy.]
(Med.)

Defn: Abolition of function, whether complete or partial; esp., the
loss of the power of voluntary motion, with or without that of
sensation, in any part of the body; palsy. See Hemiplegia, and
Paraplegia. Also used figuratively. "Utter paralysis of memory." G.
Eliot.
Mischievous practices arising out of the paralysis of the powers of
ownership. Duke of Argyll (1887).

PARALYTIC
Par`a*lyt"ic, a. Etym: [L. paralyticus, Gr. paralytique.]

1. Of or pertaining to paralysis; resembling paralysis.

2. Affected with paralysis, or palsy.
The cold, shaking, paralytic hand. Prior.

3. Inclined or tending to paralysis. Paralytic secretion (Physiol.),
the fluid, generally thin and watery, secreted from a gland after
section or paralysis of its nerves, as the pralytic saliva.

PARALYTIC
Par`a*lyt"ic, n.

Defn: A person affected with paralysis.

PARALYTICAL
Par`a*lyt"ic*al, a.

Defn: See Paralytic.

PARALYZATION
Par`a*ly*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of paralyzing, or the state of being
paralyzed.

PARALYZE
Par"a*lyze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paralyzed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Paralyzing.] Etym: [F. paralyser. See Paralysis.]

1. To affect or strike with paralysis or palsy.

2. Fig.: To unnerve; to destroy or impair the energy of; to render
ineffective; as, the occurrence paralyzed the community; despondency
paralyzed his efforts.

PARAM
Par"am, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C2H4N4); -- called
also dicyandiamide.

PARAMAGNETIC
Par`a*mag*net"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + magnetic.]

Defn: Magnetic, as opposed to Ant: diamagnetic.
 -- n.

Defn: A paramagnetic substance. Faraday.
 -- Par`a*mag*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

PARAMAGNETISM
Par`a*mag"net*ism, n.

Defn: Magnetism, as opposed to diamagnetism. Faraday.

PARAMALEIC
Par`a*ma*le"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + maleic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from malic
acid, and now called fumaric acid. [Obs.]

PARAMALIC
Par`a*ma"lic, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + malic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid metameric with
malic acid.

PARAMASTOID
Par`a*mas"toid, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + mastoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated beside, or near, the mastoid portion of the temporal
bone; paroccipital; -- applied especially to a process of the skull
in some animals.

PARAMATTA
Par`a*mat"ta, n. Etym: [So named from Paramatta, in Australia.]

Defn: A light fabric of cotton and worsted, resembling bombazine or
merino. Beck (Draper's Dict.)

PARAMENT
Par"a*ment, n. Etym: [Sp. paramento, from parar to prepare, L.
parare.]

Defn: Ornamental hangings, furniture, etc., as of a state apartment;
rich and elegant robes worn by men of rank; -- chiefly in the plural.
[Obs.]
Lords in paraments on their coursers. Chaucer.
Chamber of paraments, presence chamber of a monarch.

PARAMENTO
Pa`ra*men"to, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: Ornament; decoration. Beau. & Fl.

PARAMERE
Par"a*mere, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + -mere.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the symmetrical halves of any one of the radii, or
spheromeres, of a radiate animal, as a starfish.

PARAMETER
Pa*ram"e*ter, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + -meter: cf. F. paramètre.]

1.
(a) (Math.) A term applied to some characteristic magnitude whose
value, invariable as long as one and the same function, curve,
surface, etc., is considered, serves to distinguish that function,
curve, surface, etc., from others of the same kind or family. Brande
& C.
(b) Specifically (Conic Sections), in the ellipse and hyperbola, a
third proportional to any diameter and its conjugate, or in the
parabola, to any abscissa and the corresponding ordinate.

Note: The parameter of the principal axis of a conic section is
called the latus rectum.

2. (Crystallog.)

Defn: The ratio of the three crystallographic axes which determines
the position of any plane; also, the fundamental axial ratio for a
given species.

PARAMETRITIS
Par`a*me*tri"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Para-, and Metritis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the cellular tissue in the vicinity of the
uterus.

PARAMIOGRAPHER
Par`a*mi*og"ra*pher, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph + -er.]

Defn: A collector or writer of proverbs. [R.]

PARAMITOME
Par`a*mi"tome, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + mitome.] (Biol.)

Defn: The fluid portion of the protoplasm of a cell.

PARAMO
Pa"ra*mo, n.; pl. Paramos. Etym: [Sp. pæramo.]

Defn: A high, bleak plateau or district, with stunted trees, and
cold, damp atmosphere, as in the Andes, in South America.

PARAMORPH
Par"a*morph, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A kind of pseudomorph, in which there has been a change of
physical characters without alteration of chemical composition, as
the change of aragonite to calcite.

PARAMORPHISM
Par`a*mor"phism, n. (Min.)

Defn: The change of one mineral species to another, so as to involve
a change in physical characters without alteration of chemical
composition.

PARAMORPHOUS
Par`a*mor"phous, a. (Min.)

Defn: Relating to paramorphism; exhibiting paramorphism.

PARAMOUNT
Par"a*mount, a. Etym: [OF. par amont above; par through, by (L. per)
+ amont above. See Amount.]

Defn: Having the highest rank or jurisdiction; superior to all
others; chief; supreme; preëminent; as, a paramount duty. "A traitor
paramount." Bacon. Lady paramount (Archery), the lady making the best
score.
 -- Lord paramount, the king.

Syn. Superior; principal; preëminent; chief.

PARAMOUNT
Par"a*mount, n.

Defn: The highest or chief. Milton.

PARAMOUNTLY
Par"a*mount`ly, adv.

Defn: In a paramount manner.

PARAMOUR
Par"a*mour, n. Etym: [F. par amour, lit., by or with love. See 2d
Par, and Amour.]

1. A lover, of either sex; a wooer or a mistress (formerly in a good
sense, now only in a bad one); one who takes the place, without
possessing the rights, of a husband or wife; -- used of a man or a
woman.
The seducer appeared with dauntless front, accompanied by his
paramour Macaulay.

2. Love; gallantry. [Obs.] "For paramour and jollity." Chaucer.

PARAMOUR; PARAMOURS
Par"a*mour`, Par"a*mours`, adv.

Defn: By or with love, esp. the love of the sexes; -- sometimes
written as two words. [Obs.]
For par amour, I loved her first ere thou. Chaucer.

PARAMYLUM
Par*am"y*lum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance resembling starch, found in the green frothy scum
formed on the surface of stagnant water.

PARANAPHTHALENE
Par`a*naph"tha*lene, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + naphthalene.] (Chem.)

Defn: Anthracene; -- called also paranaphthaline. [Obs.]

PARANOIA
Par`a*noi"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Mental derangement; insanity.

PARANOIAC
Par`a*noi"ac, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to paranoia; affected with, or characteristic
of, paranoia.

PARANOIAC
Par`a*noi"ac, n.

Defn: A person affected with paranoia.

PARANTHRACENE
Par*an"thra*cene, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + anthracene.] (Chem.)

Defn: An inert isomeric modification of anthracene.

PARANUCLEUS
Par`a*nu"cle*us, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + nucleus.] (Biol.)

Defn: Some as Nucleolus.

PARA NUT
Pa*ra" nut`. (Bot.)

Defn: The Brazil nut.

PARANYMPH
Par"a*nymph, n. Etym: [L. paranymphus, Gr. paranymphe.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.)
(a) A friend of the bridegroom who went with him in his chariot to
fetch home the bride. Milton.
(b) The bridesmaid who conducted the bride to the bridegroom.

2. Hence: An ally; a supporter or abettor. Jer. Taylor.

PARANYMPHAL
Par`a*nym"phal, a.

Defn: Bridal; nuptial. [R.]
At some paranymphal feast. Ford.

PARAPECTIN
Par`a*pec"tin, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + pectin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A gelatinous modification of pectin.

PARAPEGM
Par"a*pegm, n. Etym: [L. parapegma, Gr. parapegme.]

Defn: An engraved tablet, usually of brass, set up in a public place.

Note: Parapegms were used for the publication of laws, proclamations,
etc., and the recording of astronomical phenomena or calendar events.

PARAPEPTONE
Par`a*pep"tone, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + peptone.] (Phisiol. Chem.)

Defn: An albuminous body formed in small quantity by the peptic
digestion of proteids. It can be converted into peptone by pancreatic
juice, but not by gastric juice.

PARAPET
Par"a*pet, n. Etym: [F., fr. It. parapetto, fr. parare to ward off,
guard (L. parare to prepare, provide) + petto the breast, L. pectus.
See Parry, and Pectoral.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A low wall, especially one serving to protect the edge of a
platform, roof, bridge, or the like.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: A wall, rampart, or elevation of earth, for covering soldiers
from an enemy's fire; a breastwork. See Illust. of Casemate.

PARAPETALOUS
Par`a*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Growing by the side of a petal, as a stamen.

PARAPETED
Par"a*pet`ed, a.

Defn: Having a parapet.

PARAPH
Par"aph, n. Etym: [F. paraphe, parafe, contr. fr. paragraphe.]

Defn: A flourish made with the pen at the end of a signature. In the
Middle Ages, this formed a sort of rude safeguard against forgery.
Brande & C.

PARAPH
Par"aph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraphed; p. pr. & vb. n. Paraphing.]
Etym: [Cf. F. parapher, parafer.]

Defn: To add a paraph to; to sign, esp. with the initials.

PARAPHERNA
Par`a*pher"na, n. pl. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Law)

Defn: The property of a woman which, on her marriage, was not made a
part of her dower, but remained her own.

PARAPHERNAL
Par`a*pher"nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. paraphernal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to paraphernalia; as, paraphernal property.
Kent.

PARAPHERNALIA
Par`a*pher*na"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [LL. paraphernalia bona, fr. L.
parapherna, pl., parapherna, Gr. fe`rein to bring. See 1st Bear.]

1. (Law)

Defn: Something reserved to a wife, over and above her dower, being
chiefly apparel and ornaments suited to her degree.

2. Appendages; ornaments; finery; equipments.

PARAPHIMOSIS
Par`a*phi*mo"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A condition in which the prepuce, after being retracted behind
the glans penis, is constricted there, and can not be brought forward
into place again.

PARAPHOSPHORIC
Par`a*phos*phor"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + phosphoric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pyrophosphoric. [Obs.]

PARAPHRAGMA
Par`a*phrag"ma, n.; pl. Paraphragmata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the outer divisions of an endosternite of Crustacea.
 -- Par`a*phrag"mal, a.

PARAPHRASE
Par"a*phrase, n. Etym: [L. paraphrasis, Gr. paraphrase. See Para-,
and Phrase.]

Defn: A restatement of a text, passage, or work, expressing the
meaning of the original in another form, generally for the sake of
its clearer and fuller exposition; a setting forth the signification
of a text in other and ampler terms; a free translation or rendering;
-- opposed to metaphrase.
In paraphrase, or translation with latitude, the author's words are
not so strictly followed as his sense. Dryden.
Excellent paraphrases of the Psalms of David. I. Disraeli.
His sermons a living paraphrase upon his practice. Sowth.
The Targums are also called the Chaldaic or Aramaic Paraphrases.
Shipley.

PARAPHRASE
Par"a*phrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraphrased; p. pr. & vb. n.
Paraphrasing.]

Defn: To express, interpret, or translate with latitude; to give the
meaning of a passage in other language.
We are put to construe and paraphrase our own words. Bp.
Stillingfleet.

PARAPHRASE
Par"a*phrase, v. i.

Defn: To make a paraphrase.

PARAPHRASER
Par"a*phra`ser, n.

Defn: One who paraphrases.

PARAPHRASIAN
Par`a*phra"sian, n.

Defn: A paraphraser. [R.]

PARAPHRAST
Par"a*phrast, n. Etym: [L. paraphrastes, Gr. paraphraste.]

Defn: A paraphraser. T. Warton.

PARAPHRASTIC; PARAPHRASTICAL
Par`a*phras"tic, Par`a*phras"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.paraphrastique.]

Defn: Paraphrasing; of the nature of paraphrase; explaining, or
translating in words more clear and ample than those of the author;
not literal; free.
 -- Par`a*phras"tic*al*ly, adv.

PARAPHYSIS
Pa*raph"y*sis, n.; pl. Paraphyses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A minute jointed filament growing among the archegonia and
antheridia of mosses, or with the spore cases, etc., of other
flowerless plants.

PARAPLEGIA; PARAPLEGY
Par`a*ple"gi*a, Par"a*ple`gy, n. Etym: [NL. paraplegia, fr. Gr.
paraplégie.] (Med.)

Defn: Palsy of the lower half of the body on both sides, caused
usually by disease of the spinal cord.
 -- Par`a*pleg"ic, a.

PARAPLEURA
Par`a*pleu"ra, n.; pl. Parapleuræ. Etym: [NL. See Para-, and 2d
Pleura.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A chitinous piece between the metasternum and the pleuron of
certain insects.

PARAPODIUM
Par`a*po"di*um, n.; pl. Parapodia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the lateral appendages of an annelid; -- called also
foot tubercle.

Note: They may serve for locomotion, respiration, and sensation, and
often contain spines or setæ. When well developed, a dorsal part, or
notopodium, and a ventral part, or neuropodium, are distinguished.

PARAPOPHYSIS
Par`a*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. Parapophyses. Etym: [NL. See Para-, and
Apophysis.] (Anat.)

Defn: The ventral transverse, or capitular, process of a vertebra.
See Vertebra.
 -- Par*ap`o*phys"ic*al, a.

PARAPTERUM
Pa*rap"te*rum, n.; pl. Paraptera. Etym: [NL. See Para-, and Pteron.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A special plate situated on the sides of the mesothorax and
metathorax of certain insects.

PARAQUET; PARAQUITO
Par`a*quet", Par`a*qui"to, n. Etym: [See Paroquet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Parrakeet.

PARA RUBBER
Pará rubber.

Defn: The caoutchouc obtained from the South American euphorbiaceous
tree Hevea brasiliensis, hence called the Pará rubber tree, from the
Brazilian river and seaport named Pará; also, the similar product of
other species of Hevea. It is usually exported in flat round cakes,
and is a chief variety of commercial India rubber.

PARASANG
Par"a*sang, n. Etym: [L. parasanga, Gr. farsang.]

Defn: A Persian measure of length, which, according to Herodotus and
Xenophon, was thirty stadia, or somewhat more than three and a half
miles. The measure varied in different times and places, and, as now
used, is estimated at from three and a half to four English miles.

PARASCENIUM
Par`a*sce"ni*um, n.; pl. Parascenia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Greek &
Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: One of two apartments adjoining the stage, probably used as
robing rooms.

PARASCEVE
Par`a*sce"ve, n. Etym: [L., from Gr.

1. Among the Jews, the evening before the Sabbath. [Obs.] Mark xv. 42
(Douay ver.)

2. A preparation. [R.] Donne.

PARASCHEMATIC
Par`a*sche*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a change from the right form, as in the
formation of a word from another by a change of termination, gender,
etc. Max Müller.

PARASELENE
Par`a*se*le"ne, n.; pl. Paraselenæ. Etym: [NL., from Gr. parasélène.]
(Meteor.)

Defn: A mock moon; an image of the moon which sometimes appears at
the point of intersection of two lunar halos. Cf. Parhelion.

PARASHAH
Par"a*shah, n.; pl. -shoth (#) or -shioth (#). [Heb. parashah.]

Defn: A lesson from the Torah, or Law, from which at least one
section is read in the Jewish synagogue on every Sabbath and
festival.

PARASHOTH
Par"a*shoth, n.;

Defn: pl. of Parashah.

PARASITA
Par`a*si"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)
(a) An artificial group formerly made for parasitic insects, as lice,
ticks, mites, etc.
(b) A division of copepod Crustacea, having a sucking mouth, as the
lerneans. They are mostly parasites on fishes. Called also
Siphonostomata.

PARASITAL
Par"a*si`tal, a. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to parasites; parasitic.

PARASITE
Par"a*site, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. parasitus, Gr.

1. One who frequents the tables of the rich, or who lives at
another's expense, and earns his welcome by flattery; a hanger-on; a
toady; a sycophant.
Thou, with trembling fear, Or like a fawning parasite, obey'st.
Milton.
Parasites were called such smell-feasts as would seek to be free
guests at rich men's tables. Udall.

2. (Bot.)
(a) A plant obtaining nourishment immediately from other plants to
which it attaches itself, and whose juices it absorbs; -- sometimes,
but erroneously, called epiphyte.
(b) A plant living on or within an animal, and supported at its
expense, as many species of fungi of the genus Torrubia.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) An animal which lives during the whole or part of its existence
on or in the body of some other animal, feeding upon its food, blood,
or tissues, as lice, tapeworms, etc.
(b) An animal which steals the food of another, as the parasitic
jager.
(c) An animal which habitually uses the nest of another, as the
cowbird and the European cuckoo.

PARASITIC; PARASITICAL
Par`a*sit"ic, Par`a*sit"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. parasiticus, Gr.
parasitique.]

1. Of the nature of a parasite; fawning for food or favors;
sycophantic. "Parasitic preachers." Milton.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to parasites; living on, or deriving
nourishment from, some other living animal or plant. See Parasite, 2
& 3. Parasitic gull, Parasitic jager. (Zoöl.) See Jager.
 -- Par`a*sit"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Par`a*sit"ic*al*ness, n.

PARASITICIDE
Par`a*sit"i*cide, n. Etym: [Parasite + L. caedere to kill.]

Defn: Anything used to destroy parasites. Quain.

PARASITISM
Par"a*si`tism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. parasitisme.]

1. The state or behavior of a parasite; the act of a parasite. "Court
parasitism." Milton.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: The state of being parasitic.

PARASOL
Par"a*sol`, n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. or Pg. parasol, or It. parasole;
It. parare to ward off, Sp. & Pg. parar (L. parare to prepare) + It.
sole sun, Sp. & Pg. sol (L. sol). See Parry, Solar.]

Defn: A kind of small umbrella used by women as a protection from the
sun.

PARASOL
Par"a*sol`, v. t.

Defn: To shade as with a parasol. [R.]

PARASOLETTE
Par`a*sol*ette", n.

Defn: A small parasol.

PARASPHENOID
Par`a*sphe"noid, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + sphenoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Near the sphenoid bone; -- applied especially to a bone
situated immediately beneath the sphenoid in the base of the skull in
many animals.
 -- n.

Defn: The parasphenoid bone.

PARASTICHY
Pa*ras"ti*chy, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A secondary spiral in phyllotaxy, as one of the evident spirals
in a pine cone.

PARASYNAXIS
Par`a*syn*ax"is, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Civil Law)

Defn: An unlawful meeting.

PARASYNTHETIC
Par`a*syn*thet"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Para-, and Synthetic.]

Defn: Formed from a compound word. "Parasynthetic derivatives." Dr.
Murray.

PARATACTIC
Par`a*tac"tic, a. (Gram.)

Defn: Of pertaining to, or characterized by, parataxis.

PARATAXIS
Par`a*tax"is, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: The mere ranging of propositions one after another, without
indicating their connection or interdependence; -- opposed to syntax.
Brande & C.

PARATHESIS
Pa*rath"e*sis, n.; pl. Paratheses. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

1. (Gram.)

Defn: The placing of two or more nouns in the same case; apposition.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: A parenthetical notice, usually of matter to be afterward
expanded. Smart.

3. (Print.)

Defn: The matter contained within brackets.

4. (Eccl.)

Defn: A commendatory prayer. Shipley.

PARATHETIC
Par`a*thet"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to parathesis.

PARATONNERRE
Pa`ra`ton`nerre", n. Etym: [F., fr. parer to parry + tonnerre
thunderbolt.]

Defn: A conductor of lightning; a lightning rod.

PARAUNTER
Par*aun"ter, adv. Etym: [Par + aunter.]

Defn: Peradventure. See Paraventure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARAUQUE
Pa*rauque", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird (Nyctidromus albicollis) ranging from Texas to South
America. It is allied to the night hawk and goatsucker.

PARAVAIL
Par`a*vail", a. Etym: [OF. par aval below; par through (L. per) +
aval down; a- (L. ad) + val (L. vallis) a valley. Cf. Paramount.]
(Eng. Law)

Defn: At the bottom; lowest. Cowell.

Note: In feudal law, the tenant paravail is the lowest tenant of the
fee, or he who is immediate tenant to one who holds over of another.
Wharton.

PARAVANT; PARAVANT
Par"a*vant`, Par"a*vant`, adv. Etym: [OF. par avant. See Par, and lst
Avaunt.]

1. In front; publicly. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Beforehand; first. [Obs.] Spenser.

PARAVENTURE
Par`a*ven"ture, adv. Etym: [Par + aventure.]

Defn: Peradventure; perchance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARAXANTHIN
Par`a*xan"thin, n. Etym: [Pref. Para- + xanthin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline substance closely related to xanthin, present in
small quantity in urine.

PARAXIAL
Par*ax"i*al, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + axial.] (Anat.)

Defn: On either side of the axis of the skeleton.

PARAXYLENE
Par`a*xy"lene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series obtained as a colorless
liquid by the distillation of camphor with zinc chloride. It is one
of the three metamers of xylene. Cf. Metamer, and Xylene.

PARBOIL
Par"boil`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parboiled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Parboiling.] Etym: [OE. parboilen, OF. parbouillir to cook well; par
through (see Par) + bouillir to boil, L. bullire. The sense has been
influenced by E. part. See lst Boil.]

1. To boil or cook thoroughly. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. To boil in part; to cook partially by boiling.

PARBREAK
Par"break`, v. i. & t. Etym: [Par + break.]

Defn: To throw out; to vomit. [Obs.] Skelton.

PARBREAK
Par"break`, n.

Defn: Vomit. [Obs.] Spenser.

PARBUCKLE
Par"buc`kle, n.
(a) A kind of purchase for hoisting or lowering a cylindrical burden,
as a cask. The middle of a long rope is made fast aloft, and both
parts are looped around the object, which rests in the loops, and
rolls in them as the ends are hauled up or payed out.
(b) A double sling made of a single rope, for slinging a cask, gun,
etc.

PARBUCKLE
Par"buc`kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parbuckled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Parbuckling.]

Defn: To hoist or lower by means of a parbuckle. Totten.

PARCAE
Par"cæ, n. pl. Etym: [L.]

Defn: The Fates. See Fate, 4.

PARCASE
Par*case", adv. Etym: [Par + case.]

Defn: Perchance; by chance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARCEL
Par"cel, n. Etym: [F. parcelle a small part, fr. (assumed) LL.
particella, dim. of L. pars. See Part, n., and cf. Particle.]

1. A portion of anything taken separately; a fragment of a whole; a
part. [Archaic] "A parcel of her woe." Chaucer.
Two parcels of the white of an egg. Arbuthnot.
The parcels of the nation adopted different forms of self-government.
J. A. Symonds.

2. (Law)

Defn: A part; a portion; a piece; as, a certain piece of land is part
and parcel of another piece.

3. An indiscriminate or indefinite number, measure, or quantity; a
collection; a group.
This youthful parcel Of noble bachelors stand at my disposing. Shak.

4. A number or quantity of things put up together; a bundle; a
package; a packet.
'Tis like a parcel sent you by the stage. Cowper.
Bill of parcels. See under 6th Bill.
 -- Parcel office, an office where parcels are received for keeping
or forwarding and delivery.
 -- Parcel post, that department of the post office concerned with
the collection and transmission of parcels.
 -- Part and parcel. See under Part.

PARCEL
Par"cel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parceled or Parcelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Parceling or Parcelling.]

1. To divide and distribute by parts or portions; -- often with out
or into. "Their woes are parceled, mine are general." Shak.
These ghostly kings would parcel out my power. Dryden.
The broad woodland parceled into farms. Tennyson.

2. To add a parcel or item to; to itemize. [R.]
That mine own servant should Parcel the sum of my disgraces by
Addition of his envy. Shak.

3. To make up into a parcel; as, to parcel a customer's purchases;
the machine parcels yarn, wool, etc. To parcel a rope (Naut.), to
wind strips of tarred canvas tightly arround it. Totten.
 -- To parcel a seam (Naut.), to cover it with a strip of tarred
canvas.

PARCEL
Par"cel, a. & adv.

Defn: Part or half; in part; partially. Shak. [Sometimes hyphened
with the word following.]
The worthy dame was parcel-blind. Sir W. Scott.
One that . . . was parcel-bearded [partially bearded]. Tennyson.
Parcel poet, a half poet; a poor poet. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

PARCELING
Par"cel*ing, n. Etym: [Written also parcelling.]

1. The act of dividing and distributing in portions or parts.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Long, narrow slips of canvas daubed with tar and wound about a
rope like a bandage, before it is served; used, also, in mousing on
the stayes, etc.

PARCEL-MELE
Par"cel-mele`, adv. Etym: [See Parcel, and Meal a part.]

Defn: By parcels or parts. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARCEL POST
Par"cel post.

Defn: That branch of the post office having to do with the
collection, transmission, and delivery of parcels. The British Inland
Parcel Post was established in 1883. The present rates, dating from
1897, are 3d. for parcels not exceeding one pound and 1d. for each
additional pound up to the limit of 10 pounds. A general parcel post
was established in the United States by Act of August 24, 1912, which
took effect Jan. 1, 1913. Parcels must not exceed 11 pounds in weight
nor 72 inches in length and girth combined. Provision is made from
insuring parcels up to $50.00, and also for sending parcels C.O.D.
The rates of postage vary with the distance. See Zone, below.

PARCENARY
Par"ce*na*ry, n. Etym: [See Parcener, partner.] (Law)

Defn: The holding or occupation of an inheritable estate which
descends from the ancestor to two or more persons; coheirship.

Note: It differs in many respects from joint tenancy, which is
created by deed or devise. In the United States there is no essential
distinction between parcenary and tenancy in common. Wharton. Kent.

PARCENER
Par"ce*ner, n. Etym: [Of. paronnier, parsonnier, fr. parzon, par,
parcion, part, portion, fr. L. partitio a division. See Partition,
and cf. Partner.] (Law)

Defn: A coheir, or one of two or more persons to whom an estate of
inheritance descends jointly, and by whom it is held as one estate.

PARCH
Parch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parched; p. pr. & vb. n. Parching.] Etym:
[OE. perchen to pierce, hence used of a piercing heat or cold, OF.
perchier, another form of percier, F. percer. See Pierce.]

1. To burn the surface of; to scorch; to roast over the fire, as dry
grain; as, to parch the skin; to parch corn.
Ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn. Lev. xxiii. 14.

2. To dry to extremity; to shrivel with heat; as, the mouth is
parched from fever.
The ground below is parched. Dryden.

PARCH
Parch, v. i.

Defn: To become scorched or superficially burnt; to be very dry.
"Parch in Afric sun." Shak.

PARCHEDNESS
Parch"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being parched.

PARCHEESI
Par*chee"si, n.

Defn: See Pachisi.

PARCHESI
Par*che"si, n.

Defn: See Pachisi.

PARCHING
Parch"ing, a.

Defn: Scorching; burning; drying. "Summer's parching heat." Shak.
 -- Parch"ing*ly, adv.

PARCHMENT
Parch"ment, n. Etym: [OE. parchemin, perchemin, F. parchemin, LL.
pergamenum, L. pergamena, pergamina, fr. L. Pergamenus of or
belonging to Pergamus an ancient city of Mysia in Asia Minor, where
parchment was first used.]

1. The skin of a lamb, sheep, goat, young calf, or other animal,
prepared for writing on. See Vellum.
But here's a parchment with the seal of Cæsar. Shak.

2. The envelope of the coffee grains, inside the pulp. Parchment
paper. See Papyrine.

PARCHMENTIZE
Parch"ment*ize, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. -ized; p. pr. & vb. n. -izing.]

Defn: To convert to a parchmentlike substance, esp. by sulphuric
acid.

PARCITY
Par"ci*ty, n. Etym: [L. parcitas, fr. parcus sparing.]

Defn: Sparingless. [Obs.]

PARCLOSE
Par"close, n. Etym: [OF. See Perclose.] (Eccl. Arch.)

Defn: A screen separating a chapel from the body of the church.
[Written also paraclose and perclose.] Hook.

PARD
Pard, n. Etym: [L. pardus, Gr. p tiger, panther.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A leopard; a panther.
And more pinch-spotted make them Than pard or cat o'mountain. Shak.

PARDALE
Par"dale, n. Etym: [L. pardalis, Gr. Pard.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A leopard. [Obs.] Spenser.

PARDE; PARDIE
Par*de", Par*die", adv. or interj. Etym: [F. pardi, for par Dieu by
God.]

Defn: Certainly; surely; truly; verily; -- originally an oath.
[Written also pardee, pardieux, perdie, etc.] [Obs.]
He was, parde, an old fellow of yours. Chaucer.

PARDINE
Par"dine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Spotted like a pard. Pardine lynx (Zoöl.), a species of lynx
(Felis pardina) inhabiting Southern Europe. Its color is rufous,
spotted with black.

PARDO
Par"do, n. Etym: [Pg. pardao, fr. Skr. pratapa splendor, majesty.]

Defn: A money of account in Goa, India, equivalent to about 2s. 6d.
sterling. or 60 cts.

PARDON
Par"don, n. Etym: [F., fr. pardonner to pardon. See Pardon, v. t.]

1. The act of pardoning; forgiveness, as of an offender, or of an
offense; release from penalty; remission of punishment; absolution.
Pardon, my lord, for me and for my tidings. Shak.
But infinite in pardon was my judge. Milton.
Used in expressing courteous denial or contradiction; as, I crave
your pardon; or in indicating that one has not understood another;
as, I beg pardon.

2. An official warrant of remission of penalty.
Sign me a present pardon for my brother. Shak.

3. The state of being forgiven. South.

4. (Law)

Defn: A release, by a sovereign, or officer having jurisdiction, from
the penalties of an offense, being distinguished from amenesty, which
is a general obliteration and canceling of a particular line of past
offenses.

Syn.
 -- Forgiveness; remission. See Forgiveness.

PARDON
Par"don, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pardoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Pardoning.]
Etym: [Either fr. pardon, n., or from F. pardonner, LL. perdonare; L.
per through, thoroughly, perfectly + donare to give, to present. See
Par-, and Donation.]

1. To absolve from the consequences of a fault or the punishment of
crime; to free from penalty; -- applied to the offender.
In this thing the Lord pardon thy servant. 2 Kings v. 18.
I pray you, pardon me; pray heartily, pardom me. Shak.

2. To remit the penalty of; to suffer to pass without punishment; to
forgive; -- applied to offenses.
I pray thee, pardon my sin. 1 S
Apollo, pardon My great profaneness 'gainst thine oracle Shak.

3. To refrain from exacting as a penalty.
I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it. Shak.

4. To give leave (of departure) to. [Obs.]
Even now about it! I will pardon you. Shak.
Pardon me, forgive me; excuse me; -- a phrase used also to express
courteous denial or contradiction.

Syn.
 -- To forgive; absolve; excuse; overlook; remit; asquit. See Excuse.

PARDON; REMISSION
Pardon,

Syn: remission.

Defn: -- Forgiveness, Pardon. Forgiveness is Anglo-Saxon, and pardon
Norman French, both implying a giving back. The word pardon, being
early used in our Bible, has, in religious matters, the same sense as
forgiveness; but in the language of common life there is a difference
between them, such as we often find between corresponding Anglo-Saxon
and Norman words. Forgive points to inward feeling, and suppose
alienated affection; when we ask forgiveness, we primarily seek the
removal of anger. Pardon looks more to outward things or
consequences, and is often applied to trifling matters, as when we
beg pardon for interrupting a man, or for jostling him in a crowd.
The civil magistrate also grants a pardon, and not forgiveness. The
two words are, therefore, very clearly distinguished from each other
in most cases which relate to the common concerns of life.

PARDONABLE
Par"don*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pardonnable.]

Defn: Admitting of pardon; not requiring the excution of penalty;
venial; excusable; -- applied to the offense or to the offender; as,
a pardonable fault, or culprit.

PARDONABLENESS
Par"don*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being pardonable; as, the
pardonableness of sin. Bp. Hall.

PARDONABLY
Par"don*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a manner admitting of pardon; excusably. Dryden.

PARDONER
Par"don*er, n.

1. One who pardons. Shak.

2. A seller of indulgences. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARDONING
Par"don*ing, a.

Defn: Relating to pardon; having or exercising the right to pardon;
willing to pardon; merciful; as, the pardoning power; a pardoning
God.

PARE
Pare, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pared; p. pr. & vb. n. Paring.] Etym: [F.
parer to pare, as a horse's hoofs, to dress or curry, as, leather, to
clear, as anchors or cables, to parry, ward off, fr. L. parare to
prepare. Cf. Empire, Parade, Pardon, Parry, Prepare.]

1. To cut off, or shave off, the superficial substance or extremities
of; as, to pare an apple; to pare a horse's hoof.

2. To remove; to separate; to cut or shave, as the skin, ring, or
outside part, from anything; -- followed by off or away; as; to pare
off the ring of fruit; to pare away redundancies.

3. Fig.: To diminish the bulk of; to reduce; to lessen.
The king began to pare a little the privilege of clergy. Bacon.

PAREGORIC
Par`e*gor"ic a. Etym: [L. paregoricus, Gr. parégorique. See
Allegory.]

Defn: Mitigating; assuaging or soothing pain; as, paregoric elixir.

PAREGORIC
Par`e*gor"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine that mitigates pain; an anodyne; specifically,
camphorated tincture of opium; -- called also paregoric elexir.

PARELCON
Pa*rel"con, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: The addition of a syllable or particle to the end of a pronoun,
verb, or adverb.

PARELECTRONOMIC
Par`e*lec`tro*nom"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or relating to parelectronomy; as, the parelectronomic part
of a muscle.

PARELECTRONOMY
Par*e`lec*tron"o*my, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + electro- + Gr.
(Physiol.)

Defn: A condition of the muscles induced by exposure to severe cold,
in which the electrical action of the muscle is reversed.

PARELLA; PARELLE
Pa*rel"la, Pa`relle, n. Etym: [Cf. F. parelle.] (Bot.)
(a) A name for two kinds of dock (Rumex Patientia and R.
Hydrolapathum).
(b) A kind of lichen (Lecanora parella) once used in dyeing and in
the preparation of litmus.

PAREMBOLE
Pa*rem"bo*le (, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. Para-, and Embolus.] (Rhet.)

Defn: A kind of parenthesis.

PAREMENT
Pare"ment, n.

Defn: See Parament. [Obs.]

PAREMPTOSIS
Par`emp*to"sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

Defn: Same as Parembole.

PARENCHYMA
Pa*ren"chy*ma, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. parenchyme.] (Biol.)

Defn: The soft celluar substance of the tissues of plants and
animals, like the pulp of leaves, to soft tissue of glands, and the
like.

PARENCHYMAL
Pa*ren"chy*mal, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, parenchyma.

PARENCHYMATOUS; PARENCHYMOUS
Par`en*chym"a*tous, Pa*ren"chy*mous, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
parenchymateux.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or connected with, the parenchyma of a
tissue or an organ; as, parenchymatous degeneration.

PARENESIS
Pa*ren"e*sis, n. Etym: [L. paraenesis, Gr.

Defn: Exhortation. [R.]

PARENETIC; PARENETIOAL
Par`e*net"ic, Par`e*net"io*al, a. Etym: [Gr. parénétique.]

Defn: Hortatory; encouraging; persuasive. [R.] F. Potter.

PARENT
Par"ent, n. Etym: [L. parens, -entis; akin to parere to bring forth;
cf. Gr. parent. Cf. Part.]

1. One who begets, or brings forth, offspring; a father or a mother.
Children, obey your parents in the Lord. Eph. vi. 1.

2. That which produces; cause; source; author; begetter; as, idleness
is the parent of vice.
Regular industry is the parent of sobriety. Channing.
Parent cell. (Biol.) See Mother cell, under Mother, also Cytula.
 -- Parent nucleus (Biol.), a nucleus which, in cell division,
divides, and gives rise to two or more daughter nuclei. See
Karyokinesis, and Cell division, under Division.

PARENTAGE
Par"ent*age, n. Etym: [Cf. F. parentage relationship.]

Defn: Descent from parents or ancestors; parents or ancestors
considered with respect to their rank or character; extraction;
birth; as, a man of noble parentage. "Wilt thou deny thy parentage"
Shak.
Though men esteem thee low of parentage. Milton.

PARENTAL
Pa*ren"tal, a. Etym: [L. parentalis.]

1. Of or pertaining to a parent or to parents; as, parental
authority; parental obligations.

2. Becoming to, or characteristic of, parents; tender; affectionate;
devoted; as, parental care.
The careful course and parental provision of nature. Sir T. Browne.

PARENTALLY
Pa*ren"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a parental manner.

PARENTATION
Par`en*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. parentatio, fr. parentare to offer a
solemn sacrifice in honor of deceased parents. See Parent.]

Defn: Something done or said in honor of the dead; obsequies. [Obs.]
Abp. Potter.

PARENTELE
Par"en`tele`, n. Etym: [F. parentèle, L. parentela.]

Defn: Kinship; parentage. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARENTHESIS
Pa*ren"the*sis, n.; pl. Parentheses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Para-, En-,
2, and Thesis.]

1. A word, phrase, or sentence, by way of comment or explanation,
inserted in, or attached to, a sentence which would be grammatically
complete without it. It is usually inclosed within curved lines (see
def. 2 below), or dashes. "Seldom mentioned without a derogatory
parenthesis." Sir T. Browne.
Don't suffer every occasional thought to carry you away into a long
parenthesis. Watts.

2. (Print.)

Defn: One of the curved lines () which inclose a parenthetic word or
phrase.

Note: Parenthesis, in technical grammar, is that part of a sentence
which is inclosed within the recognized sign; but many phrases and
sentences which are punctuated by commas are logically parenthetical.
In def. 1, the phrase "by way of comment or explanation" is inserted
for explanation, and the sentence would be grammatically complete
without it. The present tendency is to avoid using the distinctive
marks, except when confusion would arise from a less conspicuous
separation.

PARENTHESIZE
Pa*ren"the*size, v. t.

Defn: To make a parenthesis of; to include within parenthetical
marks. Lowell.

PARENTHETIC; PARENTHETICAL
Par`en*thet"ic, Par`en*thet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

1. Of the nature of a parenthesis; pertaining to, or expressed in, or
as in, a parenthesis; as, a parenthetical clause; a parenthetic
remark.
A parenthetical observation of Moses himself. Hales.

2. Using or containing parentheses.

PARENTHETICALLY
Par`en*thet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a parenthetical manner; by way of parenthesis; by
parentheses.

PARENTHOOD
Par"ent*hood, n.

Defn: The state of a parent; the office or character of a parent.

PARENTICIDE
Pa*ren"ti*cide, n. Etym: [L. parenticida a parricide; parens parent +
caedere to kill.]

1. The act of one who kills one's own parent. [R.]

2. One who kills one's own parent; a parricide. [R.]

PARENTLESS
Par"ent*less, a.

Defn: Deprived of parents.

PAREPIDIDYMIS
Par*ep`i*did"y*mis, n. Etym: [NL. See Para-, and Epididymis.] (Anat.)

Defn: A small body containing convoluted tubules, situated near the
epididymis in man and some other animals, and supposed to be a
remnant of the anterior part of the Wolffian body.

PARER
Par"er, n. Etym: [From Pare, v. t.]

Defn: One who, or that which, pares; an instrument for paring.

PARERGON
Pa*rer"gon, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Parergy.

PARERGY
Par"er*gy, n. Etym: [L. parergon, Gr.

Defn: Something unimportant, incidental, or superfluous. [Obs.] Sir
T. Browne.

PARESIS
Par"e*sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Incomplete paralysis, affecting motion but not sensation.

PARETHMOID
Par*eth"moid, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + ethmoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Near or beside the ethmoid bone or cartilage; -- applied
especially to a pair of bones in the nasal region of some fishes, and
to the ethmoturbinals in some higher animals.
 -- n.

Defn: A parethmoid bone.

PARETIC
Pa*ret"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to paresis; affected with paresis.

PARFAY
Par*fay", interj. Etym: [Par + fay.]

Defn: By my faith; verily. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARFIT
Par"fit, a.

Defn: Perfect. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARFITLY
Par"fit*ly, adv.

Defn: Perfectly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARFLECHE
Par*fleche", n. [Prob. through Canadian F. fr. Amer. Indian.]

Defn: A kind of rawhide consisting of hide, esp. of the buffalo,
which has been soaked in crude wood-ash lye to remove the hairs, and
then dried.

PARFOCAL
Par*fo"cal, a.  [Pari- + focal.] (Opt.)

Defn: With the lower focal points all in the same plane; -- said of
sets of eyepieces so mounted that they may be interchanged without
varying the focus of the instrument (as a microscope or telescope)
with which they are used.

PARFORN; PARFOURN
Par*forn", Par*fourn", v. t.

Defn: To perform. [Obs.] Chaucer. Piers Plowman.

PARGASITE
Par"gas*ite, n. Etym: [So called from Pargas, in Finland.] (Min.)

Defn: A dark green aluminous variety of amphibole, or hornblende.

PARGEBOARD
Parge"board`, n.

Defn: See Bargeboard.

PARGET
Par"get, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pargeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pargeting.]
Etym: [OE. pargeten, also spargeten, sparchen; of uncertain origin.]

1. To coat with parget; to plaster, as walls, or the interior of
flues; as, to parget the outside of their houses. Sir T. Herbert.
The pargeted ceiling with pendants. R. L. Stevenson.

2. To paint; to cover over. [Obs.]

PARGET
Par"get, v. i.

1. To lay on plaster.

2. To paint, as the face. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

PARGET
Par"get, n.

1. Gypsum or plaster stone.

2. Plaster, as for lining the interior of flues, or for stuccowork.
Knight.

3. Paint, especially for the face. [Obs.] Drayton.

PARGETER
Par"get*er, n.

Defn: A plasterer. Johnson.

PARGETING
Par"get*ing, n. Etym: [Written also pargetting.]

Defn: Plasterwork; esp.: (a) A kind of decorative plasterwork in
raised ornamental figures, formerly used for the internal and
external decoration of houses. (b) In modern architecture, the
plastering of the inside of flues, intended to give a smooth surface
and help the draught.

PARGETORY
Par"get*o*ry, n.

Defn: Something made of, or covered with, parget, or plaster. [Obs.]
Milton.

PARHELIC
Par*he"lic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to parhelia.

PARHELION
Par*hel"ion, n.; pl. Parhelia. Etym: [L. parelion, Gr.

Defn: A mock sun appearing in the form of a bright light, sometimes
near the sun, and tinged with colors like the rainbow, and sometimes
opposite to the sun. The latter is usually called an anthelion. Often
several mock suns appear at the same time. Cf. Paraselene.

PARHELIUM
Par*he"li*um, n.

Defn: See Parhelion.

PARI-
Par"i-. Etym: [L. par, paris, equal.]

Defn: A combining form signifying equal; as, paridigitate,
paripinnate.

PARIAH
Pa"ri*ah, n. Etym: [From Tamil paraiyan, pl. paraiyar, one of the low
caste, fr. parai a large drum, because they beat the drums at certain
festivals.]

1. One of an aboriginal people of Southern India, regarded by the
four castes of the Hindoos as of very low grade. They are usually the
serfs of the Sudra agriculturalists. See Caste. Balfour (Cyc. of
India).

2. An outcast; one despised by society. Pariah dog (Zoöl.), a mongrel
race of half-wild dogs which act as scavengers in Oriental cities.
 -- Pariah kite (Zoöl.), a species of kite (Milvus govinda) which
acts as a scavenger in India.

PARIAL
Pa*ri"al, n.

Defn: See Pair royal, under Pair, n.

PARIAN
Pa"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. Parius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Paros, an island in the Ægean Sea noted for
its excellent statuary marble; as, Parian marble. Parian chronicle, a
most ancient chronicle of the city of Athens, engraved on marble in
the Isle of Paros, now among the Arundelian marbles.

PARIAN
Pa"ri*an, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Paros.

2. A ceramic ware, resembling unglazed porcelain biscuit, of which
are made statuettes, ornaments, etc.

PARIDIGITATA
Par`i*dig`i*ta"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pari-, and Digitate.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Artiodactyla.

PARIDIGITATE
Par`i*dig"i*tate, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Having an evennumber of digits on the hands or the feet. Qwen.

PARIES
Pa"ri*es, n.; pl. Parietes. Etym: [See Parietes.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The triangular middle part of each segment of the shell of a
barnacle.

PARIETAL
Pa*ri"e*tal, a. Etym: [L. parietalis, fr. paries, -ietis, a wall: cf.
F. pariétal. Cf. Parietary, Pellitory.]

1. Of or pertaining to a wall; hence, pertaining to buildings or the
care of them.

2. Resident within the walls or buildings of a college.
At Harvard College, the officers resident within the college walls
constitute a permanent standing committee, called the Parietal
Committee. B. H. Hall (1856).

3. (Anat.)
(a) Of pertaining to the parietes.
(b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the parietal bones, which
form the upper and middle part of the cranium, between the frontals
and occipitals.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Attached to the main wall of the ovary, and not to the axis; --
said of a placenta.

PARIETAL
Pa*ri"e*tal, n.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the parietal bones.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the special scales, or plates, covering the back of the
head in certain reptiles and fishes.

PARIETARY
Pa*ri"e*ta*ry, a.

Defn: See Parietal, 2.

PARIETARY
Pa*ri"e*ta*ry, n. Etym: [L. parietaria, fr. parietarius parietal. Cf.
Pellitory, Parietal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several species of Parietaria. See 1st Pellitory.

PARIETES
Pa*ri"e*tes, n. pl. Etym: [L. paries a wall.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The walls of a cavity or an organ; as, the abdominal parietes;
the parietes of the cranium.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The sides of an ovary or of a capsule.

PARIETIC
Pa`ri*et"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in the lichen
Parmelia parietina, and called also chrysophanic acid.

PARIETINE
Pa*ri"e*tine, n. Etym: [L. parietinus parietal: cf. parietinae ruined
walls.]

Defn: A piece of a fallen wall; a ruin. [Obs.] Burton.

PARIETO-
Pa*ri"e*to- (. (Anat.)

Defn: A combining form used to indicate connection with, or relation
to, the parietal bones or the parietal segment of the skull; as, the
parieto-mastoid suture.

PARIGENIN
Pa*rig"e*nin, n. Etym: [Parillin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.)

Defn: A curdy white substance, obtained by the decomposition of
parillin.

PARILLIN
Pa*ril"lin, n. Etym: [Shortened fr. sarsaparillin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside resembling saponin, found in the root of
sarsaparilla, smilax, etc., and extracted as a bitter white
crystalline substance; -- called also smilacin, sarsaparilla saponin,
and sarsaparillin.

PARING
Par"ing, n. Etym: [From Pare, v. t.]

1. The act of cutting off the surface or extremites of anything.

2. That which is pared off. Pope.
Pare off the surface of the earth, and with the parings raise your
hills. Mortimer.

PARIPINNATE
Par`i*pin"nate, a. Etym: [Pari- + pinnate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pinnate with an equal number of leaflets on each side; having
no odd leaflet at the end.

PARIS
Par"is, n. Etym: [From Paris, the son of Priam.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant common in Europe (Paris quadrifolia); herb Paris;
truelove. It has been used as a narcotic.

Note: It much resembles the American genus Trillium, but has usually
four leaves and a tetramerous flower.

PARIS
Par"is, n.

Defn: The chief city of France. Paris green. See under Green, n.
 -- Paris white (Chem.), purified chalk used as a pigment; whiting;
Spanish white.

PARISH
Par"ish, n. Etym: [OE. parishe, paresche, parosche, OF. paroisse,
parosse, paroiche, F. paroisse, L. parochia, corrupted fr. paroecia,
Gr. vicus village. See Vicinity, and cf. Parochial.]

1. (Eccl. & Eng. Law)
(a) That circuit of ground committed to the charge of one parson or
vicar, or other minister having cure of souls therein. Cowell.
(b) The same district, constituting a civil jurisdiction, with its
own officers and regulations, as respects the poor, taxes, etc.

Note: Populous and extensive parishes are now divided, under various
parliamentary acts, into smaller ecclesiastical districts for
spiritual purposes. Mozley & W.

2. An ecclesiastical society, usually not bounded by territorial
limits, but composed of those persons who choose to unite under the
charge of a particular priest, clergyman, or minister; also, loosely,
the territory in which the members of a congregation live. [U. S.]

3. In Louisiana, a civil division corresponding to a county in other
States.

PARISH
Par"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial; as, a parish church;
parish records; a parish priest; maintained by the parish; as, parish
poor. Dryden. Parish clerk. (a) The clerk or recording officer of a
parish. (b) A layman who leads in the responses and otherwise assists
in the service of the Church of England.
 -- Parish court, in Louisiana, a court in each parish.

PARISHEN
Par"ish*en, n.

Defn: A parishioner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARISHIONAL
Pa*rish"ion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial. [R.] Bp. Hall.

PARISHIONER
Pa*rish"ion*er, n. Etym: [F. paroissien, LL. parochianus.]

Defn: One who belongs to, or is connected with, a parish.

PARISIAN
Pa*ri"sian, n. Etym: [Cf. F. parisen.]

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Paris, the capital of France.

PARISIAN
Pa*ri"sian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Paris.

PARISIENNE
Pa`ri`si`enne", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A female native or resident of Paris.

PARISOLOGY
Par`i*sol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The use of equivocal or ambiguous words. [R.]

PARISYLLABIC; PARISYLLABICAL
Par`i*syl*lab"ic, Par`i*syl*lab"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pari- + syllabic, -
ical: cf. F. parisyllabique.]

Defn: Having the same number of syllables in all its inflections.

PARITOR
Par"i*tor, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. apparitor: cf. L. paritor a servant,
attendant.]

Defn: An apparitor. "Summoned by an host of paritors." Dryden.

PARITORY
Par"i*to*ry, n.

Defn: Pellitory. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARITY
Par"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. paritas, fr. par, paris, equal: cf. F. parité.
See Pair, Peer an equal.]

Defn: The quality or condition of being equal or equivalent; A like
state or degree; equality; close correspondence; analogy; as, parity
of reasoning. "No parity of principle." De Quincey.
Equality of length and parity of numeration. Sir T. Browne.

PARK
Park, n. Etym: [AS. pearroc, or perh. rather fr. F. parc; both being
of the same origin; cf. LL. parcus, parricus, Ir. & Gael. pairc, W.
park, parwg. Cf. Paddock an inclosure, Parrock.]

1. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A piece of ground inclosed, and stored with beasts of the
chase, which a man may have by prescription, or the king's grant.
Mozley & W.

2. A tract of ground kept in its natural state, about or adjacent to
a residence, as for the preservation of game, for walking, riding, or
the like. Chaucer.
While in the park I sing, the listening deer Attend my passion, and
forget to fear. Waller.

3. A piece of ground, in or near a city or town, inclosed and kept
for ornament and recreation; as, Hyde Park in London; Central Park in
New York.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A space occupied by the animals, wagons, pontoons, and
materials of all kinds, as ammunition, ordnance stores, hospital
stores, provisions, etc., when brought together; also, the objects
themselves; as, a park of wagons; a park of artillery.

5. A partially inclosed basin in which oysters are grown. [Written
also parc.] Park of artillery. See under Artillery.
 -- Park phaeton, a small, low carriage, for use in parks.

PARK
Park, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parked; p. pr. & vb. n. Parking.]

1. To inclose in a park, or as in a park.
How are we parked, and bounded in a pale. Shak.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To bring together in a park, or compact body; as, to park the
artillery, the wagons, etc.

PARKA; PARKEE
Par"ka, Par"kee, n. [Russ. parka, parki, dim. of para a pair, fr. G.
paar, L. par. Cf. Pair.]

Defn: An outer garment made of the skins of birds or mammals, worn by
Eskimos, etc.

PARKER
Park"er, n

Defn: , The keeper of a park. Sir M. Hale.

PARKERIA
Par*ke"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. So named from W. K. Parker, a British
zoölogist.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large arenaceous fossil Foraminifera found in the
Cretaceous rocks. The species are globular, or nearly so, and are of
all sizes up to that of a tennis ball.

PARKESINE
Parkes"ine, n. Etym: [So called from Mr. Parkes, the inventor.]

Defn: A compound, originally made from gun cotton and castor oil, but
later from different materials, and used as a substitute for
vulcanized India rubber and for ivory; -- called also xylotile.

PARKLEAVES
Park"leaves`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A European species of Saint John's-wort; the tutsan. See
Tutsan.

PARLANCE
Par"lance, n. Etym: [OF., fr. F. parler to speak. See Parley.]

Defn: Conversation; discourse; talk; diction; phrase; as, in legal
parlance; in common parlance.
A hate of gossip parlance and of sway. Tennyson.

PARLANDO; PARLANTE
Par*lan"do, Par*lan"te, a. & adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Speaking; in a speaking or declamatory manner; to be sung or
played in the style of a recitative.

PARLE
Parle, v. i. Etym: [F. parler. See Parley.]

Defn: To talk; to converse; to parley. [Obs.] Shak.
Finding himself too weak, began to parle. Milton.

PARLE
Parle, n.

Defn: Conversation; talk; parley. [Obs.]
They ended parle, and both addressed for fight. Milton.

PARLEY
Par"ley, n.; pl. Parleys. Etym: [F. parler speech, talk, fr. parler
to speak, LL. parabolare, fr. L. parabola a comparison, parable, in
LL., a word. See Parable, and cf. Parliament, Parlor.]

Defn: Mutual discourse or conversation; discussion; hence, an oral
conference with an enemy, as with regard to a truce.
We yield on parley, but are stormed in vain. Dryden.
To beat a parley (Mil.), to beat a drum, or sound a trumpet, as a
signal for holding a conference with the enemy.

PARLEY
Par"ley, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Parleyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Parleying.]

Defn: To speak with another; to confer on some point of mutual
concern; to discuss orally; hence, specifically, to confer orally
with an enemy; to treat with him by words, as on an exchange of
prisoners, an armistice, or terms of peace.
They are at hand, To parley or to fight; therefore prepare. Shak.

PARLIAMENT
Par"lia*ment, n. Etym: [OE. parlement, F. parlement, fr. parler to
speak; cf. LL. parlamentum, parliamentum. See Parley.]

1. A parleying; a discussion; a conference. [Obs.]
But first they held their parliament. Rom. of R.

2. A formal conference on public affairs; a general council; esp., an
assembly of representatives of a nation or people having authority to
make laws.
They made request that it might be lawful for them to summon a
parliament of Gauls. Golding.

3. The assembly of the three estates of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, viz., the lords spiritual, lords temporal, and
the representatives of the commons, sitting in the House of Lords and
the House of Commons, constituting the legislature, when summoned by
the royal authority to consult on the affairs of the nation, and to
enact and repeal laws.

Note: Thought the sovereign is a constituting branch of Parliament,
the word is generally used to denote the three estates named above.

4. In France, before the Revolution of 1789, one of the several
principal judicial courts. Parliament heel, the inclination of a ship
when made to careen by shifting her cargo or ballast.
 -- Parliament hinge (Arch.), a hinge with so great a projection from
the wall or frame as to allow a door or shutter to swing back flat
against the wall.
 -- Long Parliament, Rump Parliament. See under Long, and Rump.

PARLIAMENTAL
Par`lia*men"tal, a.

Defn: Parliamentary. [Obs.]

PARLIAMENTARIAN
Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Parliament. Wood.

PARLIAMENTARIAN
Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an, n.

1. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: One who adhered to the Parliament, in opposition to King
Charles I. Walpole.

2. One versed in the rules and usages of Parliament or similar
deliberative assemblies; as, an accomplished parliamentarian.

PARLIAMENTARILY
Par`lia*men"ta*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a parliamentary manner.

PARLIAMENTARY
Par`lia*men"ta*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. parlementaire.]

1. Of or pertaining to Parliament; as, parliamentary authority.
Bacon.

2. Enacted or done by Parliament; as, a parliamentary act. Sir M.
Hale.

3. According to the rules and usages of Parliament or of deliberative
bodies; as, a parliamentary motion. Parliamentary agent, a person,
usually a solicitor, professionally employed by private parties to
explain and recommend claims, bills, etc., under consideration of
Parliament. [Eng.] -- Parliamentary train, one of the trains which,
by act of Parliament, railway companies are required to run for the
conveyance of third-class passengers at a reduced rate. [Eng.]

PARLOR
Par"lor, n. Etym: [OE. parlour, parlur, F. parloir, LL. parlatorium.
See Parley.] [Written also parlour.]

Defn: A room for business or social conversation, for the reception
of guests, etc. Specifically:
(a) The apartment in a monastery or nunnery where the inmates are
permitted to meet and converse with each other, or with visitors and
friends from without. Piers Plowman.
(b) In large private houses, a sitting room for the family and for
familiar guests, -- a room for less formal uses than the drawing-
room. Esp., in modern times, the dining room of a house having few
apartments, as a London house, where the dining parlor is usually on
the ground floor.
(c) Commonly, in the United States, a drawing-room, or the room where
visitors are received and entertained.

Note: "In England people who have a drawing-room no longer call it a
parlor, as they called it of old and till recently." Fitzed. Hall.
Parior car. See Palace car, under Car.

PARLOR MATCH
Par"lor match`.

Defn: A friction match that contains little or no sulphur.

PARLOUS
Par"lous, a. Etym: [For perlous, a contr. fr. perilous.]

1. Attended with peril; dangerous; as, a parlous cough. [Archaic] "A
parlous snuffing." Beau. & Fl.

2. Venturesome; bold; mischievous; keen. [Obs.] "A parlous boy."
Shak. "A parlous wit." Dryden.
 -- Par"lous*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Par"lous*ness, n. [Obs.]

PARMESAN
Par`me*san", a. Etym: [F. parmesan, It. parmigiano.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Parma in Italy. Parmesan cheese, a kind of
cheese of a rich flavor, though from skimmed milk, made in Parma,
Italy.

PARNASSIA
Par*nas"si*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbs growing in wet places, and having white
flowers; grass of Parnassus.

PARNASSIAN
Par*nas"sian, a. Etym: [L. Parnassius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Parnassus.

PARNASSIAN
Par*nas"sian, n. Etym: [See Parnassus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of butterflies belonging to the
genus Parnassius. They inhabit the mountains, both in the Old World
and in America.

PARNASSIEN
Par`nas`si`en", n. [F.]

Defn: Same as Parnassian.

PARNASSUS
Par*nas"sus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Anc. Geog. & Gr. Myth.)

Defn: A mountain in Greece, sacred to Apollo and the Muses, and
famous for a temple of Apollo and for the Castalian spring. Grass of
Parnassus. (Bot.) See under Grass, and Parnassia.
 -- To climb Parnassus, to write poetry. [Colloq.]

PARNELLISM
Par"nell*ism, n. (Eng. Politics)

Defn: The policy or principles of the Parnellites.

PARNELLITE
Par"nell*ite, n. (Eng. Politics)

Defn: One of the adherents of Charles Stewart Parnell (1846-91) in
his advocacy of home rule for Ireland.

PAROCCIPITAL
Par`oc*cip"i*tal, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + occipital.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated near or beside the occipital condyle or the occipital
bone; paramastoid; -- applied especially to a process of the skull in
some animals.

PAROCHIAL
Pa*ro"chi*al, a. Etym: [LL. parochialis, from L. parochia. See
Parish.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a parish; restricted to a parish; as,
parochial duties. "Parochial pastors." Bp. Atterbury. Hence, limited;
narrow. "The parochial mind." W. Black.

PAROCHIALISM
Pa*ro"chi*al*ism, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being parochial in form or nature; a
system of management peculiar to parishes.

PAROCHIALITY
Pa*ro`chi*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being parochial. [R.] Sir J. Marriot.

PAROCHIALIZE
Pa*ro"chi*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To render parochial; to form into parishes.

PAROCHIALLY
Pa*ro"chi*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a parochial manner; by the parish, or by parishes. Bp.
Stillingfleet.

PAROCHIAN
Pa*ro"chi*an, a. Etym: [See Parochial, Parishioner.]

Defn: Parochial. [Obs.] "Parochian churches." Bacon.

PAROCHIAN
Pa*ro"chi*an, n. Etym: [LL. parochianus.]

Defn: A parishioner. [Obs.] Ld. Burleigh.

PARODIC; PARODICAL
Pa*rod"ic, Pa*rod"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. parodique.]

Defn: Having the character of parody.
Very paraphrastic, and sometimes parodical. T. Warton.

PARODIST
Par"o*dist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. parodiste.]

Defn: One who writes a parody; one who parodies. Coleridge.

PARODY
Par"o*dy, n.; pl. Parodies. Etym: [L. parodia, Gr. parodie. See Para-
, and Ode.]

1. A writing in which the language or sentiment of an author is
mimicked; especially, a kind of literary pleasantry, in which what is
written on one subject is altered, and applied to another by way of
burlesque; travesty.
The lively parody which he wrote . . . on Dryden's "Hind and Panther"
was received with great applause. Macaulay.

2. A popular maxim, adage, or proverb. [Obs.]

PARODY
Par"o*dy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parodied; p. pr. & vb. n. Parodying.]
Etym: [Cf. F. parodier.]

Defn: To write a parody upon; to burlesque.
I have translated, or rather parodied, a poem of Horace. Pope.

PAROKET
Par"o*ket`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Paroquet.

PAROL
Pa*rol", n. Etym: [See Parole, the same word.]

1. A word; an oral utterance. [Obs.]

2. (Law)

Defn: Oral declaration; word of mouth; also, a writing not under
seal. Blackstone.

PAROL
Pa*rol", a.

Defn: Given or done by word of mouth; oral; also, given by a writing
not under seal; as, parol evidence. Parol arrest (Law), an arrest in
pursuance of a verbal order from a magistrate.
 -- Parol contract (Law), any contract not of record or under seal,
whether oral or written; a simple contract. Chitty. Story.

PAROLE
Pa*role", n. Etym: [F. parole. See Parley, and cf. Parol.]

1. A word; an oral utterance. [Obs.]

2. Word of promise; word of honor; plighted faith; especially (Mil.),
promise, upon one's faith and honor, to fulfill stated conditions, as
not to bear arms against one's captors, to return to custody, or the
like.
This man had forfeited his military parole. Macaulay.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A watchword given only to officers of guards; -- distinguished
from countersign, which is given to all guards.

4. (Law)

Defn: Oral declaration. See lst Parol, 2.

PAROLE
Pa*role", a.

Defn: See 2d Parol.

PAROLE
Pa*role", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paroled; p. pr. & vb. n. Paroling.]
(Mil.)

Defn: To set at liberty on parole; as, to parole prisoners.

PAROMOLOGY
Par`o*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. fr. Homologous.] (Rhet.)

Defn: A concession to an adversary in order to strengthen one's own
argument.

PARONOMASIA
Par`o*no*ma"si*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A play upon words; a figure by which the same word is used in
different senses, or words similar in sound are set in opposition to
each other, so as to give antithetical force to the sentence;
punning. Dryden.

PARONOMASTIC; PARONOMASTICAL
Par`o*no*mas"tic, Par`o*no*mas"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to paronomasia; consisting in a play upon
words.

PARONOMASY
Par`o*nom"a*sy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. paronomasie.]

Defn: Paronomasia. [R.] B. Jonson.

PARONYCHIA
Par`o*nych"i*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A whitlow, or felon. Quincy.

PARONYM
Par"o*nym, n.

Defn: A paronymous word. [Written also paronyme.]

PARONYMOUS
Pa*ron"y*mous, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Having the same derivation; allied radically; conjugate; -- said
of certain words, as man, mankind, manhood, etc.

2. Having a similar sound, but different orthography and different
meaning; -- said of certain words, as al and awl; hair and hare, etc.

PARONYMY
Pa*ron"y*my, n.

Defn: The quality of being paronymous; also, the use of paronymous
words.

PAROOPHORON; PAROOEPHORON
Par`o*öph"o*ron, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. Para-) + (Anat.)

Defn: A small mass of tubules near the ovary in some animals, and
corresponding with the parepididymis of the male.

PAROQUET
Par"o*quet`, n. Etym: [F. perroquet, or Sp. periquito; both prob.
orig. meaning, little Peter. See Parrot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Parrakeet. [Written also paroket, parroquet, and
perroquet.] Paroquet auk or auklet (Zoöl.), a small auk
(Cyclorrhynchus psittaculus) inhabiting the coast and islands of
Alaska. The upper parts are dark slate, under parts white, bill
orange red. Called also perroquet auk.

PARORCHIS
Pa*ror"chis, n. Etym: [NL. See Para-, and Orchis.] (Anat.)

Defn: The part of the epididymis; or the corresponding part of the
excretory duct of the testicle, which is derived from the Wolffian
body.

PAROSTEAL
Pa*ros"te*al, (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to parostosis; as, parosteal ossification.

PAROSTOSIS
Par`os*to"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Para-, and Ostosis.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Ossification which takes place in purely fibrous tracts; the
formation of bone outside of the periosteum.

PAROSTOTIC
Par`os*tot"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to parostosis.

PAROTIC
Pa*rot"ic, a. Etym: [See Parotid.] (Anat.)

Defn: On the side of the auditory capsule; near the external ear.
Parotic region (Zoöl.), the space around the ears.

PAROTID
Pa*rot"id, a. Etym: [L. parotis, -idis, Gr. parotide. ] (Anat.)
(a) Situated near the ear; -- applied especially to the salivary
gland near the ear.
(b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the parotid gland.
Parotid gland (Anat.), one of the salivary glands situated just in
front of or below the ear. It is the largest of the salivary glands
in man, and its duct opens into the interior of the mouth opposite
the second molar of the upper jaw.

PAROTID
Pa*rot"id, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The parotid gland.

PAROTITIS
Par`o*ti"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Parotid, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the parotid glands. Epidemic, or Infectious,
parotitis, mumps.

PAROTOID
Par"o*toid, a. Etym: [Parotid + -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Resembling the parotid gland; -- applied especially to
cutaneous glandular elevations above the ear in many toads and frogs.
 -- n.

Defn: A parotoid gland.

PAROUSIA
Pa*rou"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Parusia.]
(a) The nativity of our Lord.
(b) The last day. Shipley.

PAROVARIUM
Par`o*va"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Para-, and Ovarium.] (Anat.)

Defn: A group of tubules, a remnant of the Wolffian body, often found
near the ovary or oviduct; the epoöphoron.

PAROXYSM
Par"ox*ysm, n. Etym: [F. paroxysme, Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: The fit, attack, or exacerbation, of a disease that occurs at
intervals, or has decided remissions or intermissions. Arbuthnot.

2. Any sudden and violent emotion; spasmodic passion or action; a
convulsion; a fit.
The returning paroxysms of diffidence and despair. South.

PAROXYSMAL
Par`ox*ys"mal, a.

Defn: Of the nature of a paroxysm; characterized or accompanied by
paroxysms; as, a paroxysmal pain; paroxysmal temper.
 -- Par`ox*ys"mal*ly, adv.

PAROXYTONE
Par*ox"y*tone, n. Etym: [Gr. a. See Para-, and Oxytone.] (Gr. Gram.)

Defn: A word having an acute accent on the penultimate syllable.

PARQUET
Par*quet", n. Etym: [F. See Parquetry.]

1. A body of seats on the floor of a music hall or theater nearest
the orchestra; but commonly applied to the whole lower floor of a
theater, from the orchestra to the dress circle; the pit.

2. Same as Parquetry.

PARQUETAGE
Par"quet*age, n.

Defn: See Parquetry.

PARQUET CIRCLE
Parquet circle.

Defn: That part of the lower floor of a theater with seats at the
rear of the parquet and beneath the galleries; -- called also, esp.
in U. S., orchestra circle or parterre.

PARQUETED
Par"quet*ed, a.

Defn: Formed in parquetry; inlaid with wood in small and differently
colored figures.
One room parqueted with yew, which I liked well. Evelyn.

PARQUETRY
Par"quet*ry, n. Etym: [F. parqueterie, fr. parquet inlaid flooring,
fr. parquet, dim. of parc an inclosure. See Park.]

Defn: A species of joinery or cabinet-work consisting of an inlay of
geometric or other patterns, generally of different colors, -- used
especially for floors.

PARQUETTE
Par*quette", n.

Defn: See Parquet.

PARR
Parr, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. & Ir. bradan a salmon.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A young salmon in the stage when it has dark transverse bands; --
called also samlet, skegger, and fingerling.
(b) A young leveret.

PARRAKEET; PARAKEET
Par"ra*keet`, Par"a*keet`, n. Etym: [See Paroquet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small parrots having a graduated
tail, which is frequently very long; -- called also paroquet and
paraquet.

Note: Many of the Asiatic and Australian species belong to the genus
Paleornis; others belong to Polytelis, Platycercus, Psephotus,
Euphema, and allied genera. The American parrakeets mostly belong to
the genus Conurus, as the Carolina parrakeet (C. Carolinensis).

PARRAL; PARREL
Par"ral, Par"rel, n. Etym: [F. appareil. See Apparel, n.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The rope or collar by which a yard or spar is held to the mast
in such a way that it may be hoisted or lowered at pleasure. Totten.

2. A chimney-piece. Halliwell.

PARRAQUA
Par*ra"qua, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A curassow of the genus Ortalida, allied to the guan.

PARRHESIA
Par*rhe"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: Boldness or freedom of speech.

PARRICIDAL
Par"ri*ci`dal, a. Etym: [L. parricidalis, parricidialis. See
Parricide.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to parricide; guilty of parricide.

PARRICIDE
Par"ri*cide, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. parricida; pater father + caedere
to kill. See Father, Homicide, and cf. Patricide.]

1. Properly, one who murders one's own father; in a wider sense, one
who murders one's father or mother or any ancestor.

2. Etym: [L. parricidium.]

Defn: The act or crime of murdering one's own father or any ancestor.

PARRICIDIOUS
Par`ri*cid"i*ous, a.

Defn: Parricidal. [Obs.]

PARROCK
Par"rock, n. Etym: [AS. pearruc, pearroc. See Park.]

Defn: A croft, or small field; a paddock. [Prov. Eng.]

PARROT
Par"rot, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. F. Pierrot, dim. of Pierre Peter. F.
pierrot is also the name of the sparrow. Cf. Paroquet, Petrel,
Petrify.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: In a general sense, any bird of the order Psittaci.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Psittacus, Chrysotis, Pionus, and other genera
of the family Psittacidæ, as distinguished from the parrakeets,
macaws, and lories. They have a short rounded or even tail, and often
a naked space on the cheeks. The gray parrot, or jako (P. erithacus)
of Africa (see Jako), and the species of Amazon, or green, parrots
(Chrysotis) of America, are examples. Many species, as cage birds,
readily learn to imitate sounds, and to repeat words and phrases.
Carolina parrot (Zoöl.), the Carolina parrakeet. See Parrakeet.
 -- Night parrot, or Owl parrot. (Zoöl.) See Kakapo.
 -- Parrot coal, cannel coal; -- so called from the crackling and
chattering sound it makes in burning. [Eng. & Scot.] -- Parrot green.
(Chem.) See Scheele's green, under Green, n.
 -- Parrot weed (Bot.), a suffrutescent plant (Bocconia frutescens)
of the Poppy family, native of the warmer parts of America. It has
very large, sinuate, pinnatifid leaves, and small, panicled,
apetalous flowers.
 -- Parrot wrasse, Parrot fish (Zoöl.), any fish of the genus Scarus.
One species (S. Cretensis), found in the Mediterranean, is esteemed
by epicures, and was highly prized by the ancient Greeks and Romans.

PARROT
Par"rot, v. t.

Defn: To repeat by rote, as a parrot.

PARROT
Par"rot, v. i.

Defn: To chatter like a parrot.

PARROTER
Par"rot*er, n.

Defn: One who simply repeats what he has heard. [R.] J. S. Mill.

PARROTRY
Par"rot*ry, n.

Defn: Servile imitation or repetition. [R.] Coleridge. "The supine
parrotry." Fitzed. Hall.

PARROT'S-BILL
Par"rot's-bill`, n. Etym: [So called from the resemblance of its
curved superior petal to a parrot's bill.] (Bot.)

Defn: The glory pea. See under Glory.

PARRY
Par"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parried; p. pr. & vb. n. Parrying.] Etym:
[F. paré, p. p. of parer. See Pare, v. t.]

1. To ward off; to stop, or to turn aside; as, to parry a thrust, a
blow, or anything that means or threatens harm. Locke.
Vice parries wide The undreaded volley with a sword of straw. Cowper.

2. To avoid; to shift or put off; to evade.
The French government has parried the payment of our claims. E.
Everett.

PARRY
Par"ry, v. i.

Defn: To ward off, evade, or turn aside something, as a blow,
argument, etc. Locke.

PARRY
Par"ry, n.; pl. Parries (.

Defn: A warding off of a thrust or blow, as in sword and bayonet
exercises or in boxing; hence, figuratively, a defensive movement in
debate or other intellectual encounter.

PARSE
Parse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Parsing.] Etym:
[L. pars a part; pars orationis a part of speech. See Part, n.]
(Gram.)

Defn: To resolve into its elements, as a sentence, pointing out the
several parts of speech, and their relation to each other by
government or agreement; to analyze and describe grammatically.
Let him construe the letter into English, and parse it over
perfectly. Ascham.

PARSEE
Par"see, n. Etym: [Hind. & Per. parsi a Persian, a follower of
Zoroaster, a fire worshiper. Cf. Persian.]

1. One of the adherents of the Zoroastrian or ancient Persian
religion, descended from Persian refugees settled in India; a fire
worshiper; a Gheber.

2. The Iranian dialect of much of the religious literature of the
Parsees.

PARSEEISM
Par"see*ism, n.

Defn: The religion and customs of the Parsees.

PARSER
Pars"er, n.

Defn: One who parses.

PARSIMONIOUS
Par`si*mo"ni*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. parcimonieux. See Parsimony.]

Defn: Exhibiting parsimony; sparing in expenditure of money; frugal
to excess; penurious; niggardly; stingy.
 -- Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.
A prodigal king is nearer a tyrant than a parsimonious. Bacon.
Extraordinary funds for one campaign may spare us the expense of many
years; whereas a long, parsimonious war will drain us of more men and
money. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Covetous; niggardly; miserly; penurious; close; saving; mean;
stingy; frugal. See Avaricious.

PARSIMONY
Par"si*mo*ny, n. Etym: [L. parsimonia, parcimonia; cf. parcere to
spare, parsus sparing: cf. F. parcimonie.]

Defn: Closeness or sparingness in the expenditure of money; --
generally in a bad sense; excessive frugality; niggardliness. Bacon.
Awful parsimony presided generally at the table. Thackeray.

Syn.
 -- Economy; frugality; illiberality; covetousness; closeness;
stinginess. See Economy.

PARSLEY
Pars"ley, n. Etym: [OE. persely, persil, F. persil, L. petroselinum
rock parsley, Gr. Celery.] (Bot.)

Defn: An aromatic umbelliferous herb (Carum Petroselinum), having
finely divided leaves which are used in cookery and as a garnish.
As she went to the garden for parsley, to stuff a rabbit. Shak.
Fool's parsley. See under Fool.
 -- Hedge parsley, Milk parsley, Stone parsley, names given to
various weeds of similar appearance to the parsley.
 -- Parsley fern (Bot.), a small fern with leaves resembling parsley
(Cryptogramme crispa).
 -- Parsley piert (Bot.), a small herb (Alchemilla arvensis) formerly
used as a remedy for calculus.

PARSNIP
Pars"nip, n. Etym: [OE. parsnepe, from a French form, fr. L.
pastinaca; cf. pastinare to dig up, pastinum a kind of dibble; cf.
OF. pastenade, pastenaque.] (Bot.)

Defn: The aromatic and edible spindle-shaped root of the cultivated
form of the Pastinaca sativa, a biennial umbelliferous plant which is
very poisonous in its wild state; also, the plant itself. Cow
parsnip. See Cow parsnip.
 -- Meadow parsnip, the European cow parsnip.
 -- Poison parsnip, the wild stock of the parsnip.
 -- Water parsnip, any plant of the umbelliferous genus Sium, the
species of which are poisonous.

PARSON
Par"son, n. Etym: [OE. persone person, parson, OF. persone, F.
personne person, LL. persona (sc. ecclesiae), fr. L. persona a
person. See Person.]

1. (Eng. Eccl. Law)

Defn: A person who represents a parish in its ecclesiastical and
corporate capacities; hence, the rector or incumbent of a parochial
church, who has full possession of all the rights thereof, with the
cure of souls.

2. Any clergyman having ecclesiastical preferment; one who is in
orders, or is licensed to preach; a preacher.
He hears the parson pray and preach. Longfellow.
Parson bird (Zoöl.), a New Zealand bird (Prosthemadera Novæseelandiæ)
remarkable for its powers of mimicry and its ability to articulate
words. Its color is glossy black, with a curious tuft of long, curly,
white feathers on each side of the throat. It is often kept as a cage
bird.

PARSONAGE
Par"son*age, n.

1. (Eng. Eccl. Law)

Defn: A certain portion of lands, tithes, and offerings, for the
maintenance of the parson of a parish.

2. The glebe and house, or the house only, owned by a parish or
ecclesiastical society, and appropriated to the maintenance or use of
the incumbent or settled pastor.

3. Money paid for the support of a parson. [Scot.]
What have I been paying stipend and teind, parsonage and vicarage,
for Sir W. Scott.

PARSONED
Par"soned, a.

Defn: Furnished with a parson.

PARSONIC; PARSONICAL
Par*son"ic, Par*son"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a parson; clerical.
Vainglory glowed in his parsonic heart. Colman.
-- Par*son"ic*al*ly, adv.

PARSONISH
Par"son*ish, a.

Defn: Appropriate to, or like, a parson; -- used in disparagement.
[Colloq.]

PART
Part, n. Etym: [F. part, L. pars, gen. partis; cf. parere to bring
forth, produce. Cf. Parent, Depart, Parcel, Partner, Party, Portion.]

1. One of the portions, equal or unequal, into which anything is
divided, or regarded as divided; something less than a whole; a
number, quantity, mass, or the like, regarded as going to make up,
with others, a larger number, quantity, mass, etc., whether actually
separate or not; a piece; a fragment; a fraction; a division; a
member; a constituent.
And kept back part of the price, . . . and brought a certain part and
laid it at the apostles'feet. Acts v. 2.
Our ideas of extension and number -- do they not contain a secret
relation of the parts Locke.
I am a part of all that I have met. Tennyson.

2. Hence, specifically:
(a) An equal constituent portion; one of several or many like
quantities, numbers, etc., into which anything is divided, or of
which it is composed; proportional division or ingredient.
An homer is the tenth part of an ephah. Ex. xvi. 36.
A thought which, quartered, hath but one part wisdom, And ever three
parts coward. Shak.

(b) A constituent portion of a living or spiritual whole; a member;
an organ; an essential element.
All the parts were formed . . . into one harmonious body. Locke.
The pulse, the glow of every part. Keble.

(c) A constituent of character or capacity; quality; faculty; talent;
-- usually in the plural with a collective sense. "Men of
considerable parts." Burke. "Great quickness of parts." Macaulay.
Which maintained so politic a state of evil, that they will not admit
any good part to intermingle with them. Shak.

(d) Quarter; region; district; -- usually in the plural. "The
uttermost part of the heaven." Neh. i. 9.
All parts resound with tumults, plaints, and fears. Dryden.
(e) (Math.)

Defn: Such portion of any quantity, as when taken a certain number of
times, will exactly make that quantity; as, 3 is a part of 12; -- the
opposite of multiple. Also, a line or other element of a geometrical
figure.

3. That which belongs to one, or which is assumed by one, or which
falls to one, in a division or apportionment; share; portion; lot;
interest; concern; duty; office.
We have no part in David. 2 Sam. xx. 1.
Accuse not Nature! she hath done her part; Do thou but thine. Milton.
Let me bear My part of danger with an equal share. Dryden.

4. Hence, specifically:
(a) One of the opposing parties or sides in a conflict or a
controversy; a faction.
For he that is not against us is on our part. Mark ix. 40.
Make whole kingdoms take her brother's part. Waller.

(b) A particular character in a drama or a play; an assumed
personification; also, the language, actions, and influence of a
character or an actor in a play; or, figuratively, in real life. See
To act a part, under Act.
That part Was aptly fitted and naturally performed. Shak.
It was a brute part of him to kill so capital a calf. Shak.
Honor and shame from no condition rise; Act well your part, there all
the honor lies. Pope.
(c) (Mus.)

Defn: One of the different melodies of a concerted composition, which
heard in union compose its harmony; also, the music for each voice or
instrument; as, the treble, tenor, or bass part; the violin part,
etc. For my part, so far as concerns me; for my share.
 -- For the most part. See under Most, a.
 -- In good part, as well done; favorably; acceptably; in a friendly
manner. Hooker. In ill part, unfavorably; with displeasure.
 -- In part, in some degree; partly.
 -- Part and parcel, an essential or constituent portion; -- a
reduplicative phrase. Cf. might and main, kith and kin, etc. "She was
. . . part and parcel of the race and place." Howitt.
 -- Part of speech (Gram.), a sort or class of words of a particular
character; thus, the noun is a part of speech denoting the name of a
thing; the verb is a part of speech which asserts something of the
subject of a sentence.
 -- Part owner (Law), one of several owners or tenants in common. See
Joint tenant, under Joint.
 -- Part singing, singing in which two or more of the harmonic parts
are taken.
 -- Part song, a song in two or more (commonly four) distinct vocal
parts. "A part song differs from a madrigal in its exclusion of
contrapuntual devices; from a glee, in its being sung by many voices,
instead of by one only, to each part." Stainer & Barrett.

Syn.
 -- Portion; section; division; fraction; fragment; piece; share;
constituent. See Portion, and Section.

PART
Part, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parted; p. pr. & vb. n. Parting.] Etym: [F.
partir, L. partire, partiri, p. p. partitus, fr. pars, gen. partis, a
part. See Part, n.]

1. To divide; to separate into distinct parts; to break into two or
more parts or pieces; to sever. "Thou shalt part it in pieces." Lev.
ii. 6.
There, [celestial love] parted into rainbow hues. Keble.

2. To divide into shares; to divide and distribute; to allot; to
apportion; to share.
To part his throne, and share his heaven with thee. Pope.
They parted my raiment among them. John xix. 24.

3. To separate or disunite; to cause to go apart; to remove from
contact or contiguity; to sunder.
The Lord do so to me, and more also, if aught but death part thee and
me. Ruth i. 17.
While he blessed them, he was parted from them, and carried up into
heaven. Luke xxiv. 51.
The narrow seas that part The French and English. Shak.

4. Hence: To hold apart; to stand between; to intervene betwixt, as
combatants.
The stumbling night did part our weary powers. Shak.

5. To separate by a process of extraction, elimination, or secretion;
as, to part gold from silver.
The liver minds his own affair, . . . And parts and strains the vital
juices. Prior.

6. To leave; to quit. [Obs.]
Since presently your souls must part your bodies. Shak.
To part a cable (Naut.), to break it.
 -- To part company, to separate, as travelers or companions.

PART
Part, v. i.

1. To be broken or divided into parts or pieces; to break; to become
separated; to go asunder; as, rope parts; his hair parts in the
middle.

2. To go away; to depart; to take leave; to quit each other; hence,
to die; -- often with from.
He wrung Bassanio's hand, and so they parted. Shak.
He owned that he had parted from the duke only a few hours before.
Macaulay.
His precious bag, which he would by no means part from. G. Eliot.

3. To perform an act of parting; to relinquish a connection of any
kind; -- followed by with or from.
Celia, for thy sake, I part With all that grew so near my heart.
Waller.
Powerful hands . . . will not part Easily from possession won with
arms. Milton.
It was strange to him that a father should feel no tenderness at
parting with an only son. A. Trollope.

4. To have a part or share; to partake. [Obs.] "They shall part
alike." 1 Sam. xxx. 24.

PART
Part, adv.

Defn: Partly; in a measure. [R.] Shak.

PARTABLE
Part"a*ble, a.

Defn: See Partible. Camden.

PARTAGE
Part"age, n. Etym: [F. See Part, v. & n.]

1. Division; the act of dividing or sharing. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. Part; portion; share. [Obs.] Ford.

PARTAKE
Par*take", v. i. [imp. Partook; p. p. Partaken (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Partaking.] Etym: [Part + take.]

1. To take a part, portion, lot, or share, in common with others; to
have a share or part; to participate; to share; as, to partake of a
feast with others. "Brutes partake in this faculty." Locke.
When I against myself with thee partake. Shak.

2. To have something of the properties, character, or office; --
usually followed by of.
The attorney of the Duchy of Lancaster partakes partly of a judge,
and partly of an attorney-general. Bacon.

PARTAKE
Par*take", v. t.

1. To partake of; to have a part or share in; to share.
Let every one partake the general joy. Driden.

2. To admit to a share; to cause to participate; to give a part to.
[Obs.] Spencer.

3. To distribute; to communicate. [Obs.] Shak.

PARTAKER
Par*tak"er, n.

1. One who partakes; a sharer; a participator.
Partakers of their spiritual things. Rom. xv. 27.
Wish me partaker in my happiness. Shark.

2. An accomplice; an associate; a partner. [Obs.]
Partakers wish them in the blood of the prophets. Matt. xxiii. 30.

PARTAN
Par"tan, n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. & Gael. partan.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An edible British crab. [Prov. Eng.]

PARTED
Part"ed, a.

1. Separated; devided.

2. Endowed with parts or abilities. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Cleft so that the divisions reach nearly, but not quite, to the
midrib, or the base of the blade; -- said of a leaf, and used chiefly
in composition; as, three-parted, five-parted, etc. Gray.

PARTER
Part"er, n.

Defn: One who, or which, parts or separates. Sir P. Sidney.

PARTERRE
Par*terre", n. Etym: [F., fr. par on, by (L. per)+terre earth,
ground, L. terra. See Terrace.]

1. (Hort.)

Defn: An ornamental and diversified arrangement of beds or plots, in
which flowers are cultivated, with intervening spaces of gravel or
turf for walking on.

2. The pit of a theater; the parquet. [France]

PARTHENIAD
Par*the"ni*ad, n. Etym: [See Parthenic.]

Defn: A poem in honor of a virgin. [Obs.]

PARTHENIC
Par*then"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Spartan Partheniæ, or sons of unmarried
women.

PARTHENOGENESIS
Par`the*no*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. parqe`nos a virgin + E. genesis.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: The production of new individuals from virgin females by means
of ova which have the power of developing without the intervention of
the male element; the production, without fertilization, of cells
capable of germination. It is one of the phenomena of alternate
generation. Cf. Heterogamy, and Metagenesis.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The production of seed without fertilization, believed to occur
through the nonsexual formation of an embryo extraneous to the
embrionic vesicle.

PARTHENOGENETIC
Par`the*no*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or produced by, parthenogenesis; as,
parthenogenetic forms.
 -- Par`the*no*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

PARTHENOGENITIVE
Par`the*no*gen"i*tive, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Parthenogenetic.

PARTHENOGENY
Par`the*nog"e*ny, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Parthenogenesis.

PARTHENON
Par"the*non, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Parqenw`n, fr.parqe`nos a virgin,
i. e., Athene, the Greek goddess called also Pallas.]

Defn: A celebrated marble temple of Athene, on the Acropolis at
Athens. It was of the pure Doric order, and has had an important
influence on art.

PARTHENOPE; PARTENOPE
Par*then"o*pe, Par*ten"o*pe, n. Etym: [L., the name of a Siren, fr.
Gr.

1. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: One of the Sirens, who threw herself into the sea, in despair
at not being able to beguile Ulysses by her songs.

2. One of the asteroids between Mars and Jupiter, descovered by M. de
Gasparis in 1850.

PARTHIAN
Par"thi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ancient Parthia, in Asia.
 -- n.

Defn: A native Parthia. Parthian arrow, an arrow discharged at an
enemy when retreating from him, as was the custom of the ancient
Parthians; hence, a parting shot.

PARTIAL
Par"tial, a. Etym: [F., fr. LL. partials, fr. L. pars, gen. partis, a
part; cf. (for sense 1) F. partiel. See Part, n.]

1. Of, pertaining to, or affecting, a part only; not general or
universal; not total or entire; as, a partial eclipse of the moon.
"Partial dissolutions of the earth." T. Burnet.

2. Inclined to favor one party in a cause, or one side of a question,
more then the other; baised; not indifferent; as, a judge should not
be partial.
Ye have been partial in the law. Mal. ii. 9.

3. Having a predelection for; inclined to favor unreasonably;
foolishly fond. "A partial parent." Pope.
Not partial to an ostentatious display. Sir W. Scott.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to a subordinate portion; as, a compound umbel is
made up of a several partial umbels; a leaflet is often supported by
a partial petiole. Partial differentials, Partial differential
coefficients, Partial differentiation, etc. (of a function of two or
more variables), the differentials, differential coefficients,
differentiation etc., of the function, upon the hypothesis that some
of the variables are for the time constant.
 -- Partial fractions (Alg.), fractions whose sum equals a given
fraction.
 -- Partial tones (Music), the simple tones which in combination form
an ordinary tone; the overtones, or harmonics, which, blending with a
fundamental tone, cause its special quality of sound, or timbre, or
tone color. See, also, Tone.

PARTIALISM
Par"tial*ism, n.

Defn: Partiality; specifically (Theol.), the doctrine of the
Partialists.

PARTIALIST
Par"tial*ist n.

1. One who is partial. [R.]

2. (Theol.)

Defn: One who holds that the atonement was made only for a part of
mankind, that is, for the elect.

PARTIALITY
Par`ti*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. partialité.]

1. The quality or state of being partial; inclination to favor one
party, or one side of a question, more than the other; undue bias of
mind.

2. A predilection or inclination to one thing rather than to others;
special taste or liking; as, a partiality for poetry or painting.
Roget.

PARTIALIZE
Par"tial*ize, v. t. & i.

Defn: To make or be partial. [R.]

PARTIALLY
Par"tial*ly adv.

1. In part; not totally; as, partially true; the sun partially
eclipsed. Sir T. Browne.

2. In a partial manner; with undue bias of mind; with unjust favor or
dislike; as, to judge partially. Shak.

PARTIBILITY
Part`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [From Partible.]

Defn: The quality or state of being partible; divisibility;
separability; as, the partibility of an inherttance.

PARTIBLE
Part"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. partibilis, fr. partire to part, divide, fr.
L. pars: cf. F. partible. See Part.]

Defn: Admitting of being parted; divisible; separable; susceptible of
severance or partition; as, an estate of inheritance may be partible.
"Make the molds partible." Bacon.

PARTICIPABLE
Par*tic"i*pa*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being participated or shared. [R.] Norris.

PARTICIPANT
Par*tic"i*pant, a. Etym: [L. participans, p.pr. of participare: cf.
F. participant. See Participate.]

Defn: Sharing; participating; having a share of part. Bacon.

PARTICIPANT
Par*tic"i*pant, n.

Defn: A participator; a partaker.
Participants in their . . . mysterious rites. Bp. Warburton.

PARTICIPANTLY
Par*tic"i*pant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a participant manner.

PARTICIPATE
Par*tic"i*pate, a. Etym: [L. participatus, p.p. of participare to
participate; pars, partis, part + capere to take. See Part, and
Capacious.]

Defn: Acting in common; participating. [R.] Shak.

PARTICIPATE
Par*tic"i*pate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Participated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Participating.]

Defn: Tj have a share in common with others; to take a part; to
partake; -- followed by in, formely by of; as, to participate in a
debate. Shak.
So would he participateof their wants. Hayward.
Mine may come when men With angels may participate. Milton.

PARTICIPATE
Par*tic"i*pate, v. t.

1. To partake of; to share in; to receive a part of. [R.]
Fit to participate all rational delight. Milton.

2. To impart, or give, or share of. [Obs.] Drayton.

PARTICIPATION
Par*tic`i*pa"tion, n. Etym: [F. participation, L. participatio.]

1. The act or state of participating, or sharing in common with
others; as, a participation in joy or sorrows.
These deities are so by participation. Bp. Stillingfleet.
What an honor, that God should admit us into such a blessed
participation of himself! Atterbury.

2. Distribution; division into shares. [Obs.] Raleigh.

3. community; fellowship; association. [Obs.] Shak.

PARTICIPATIVE
Par*tic"i*pa*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. participatif.]

Defn: Capable of participating.

PARTICIPATOR
Par*tic"i*pa`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who participates, or shares with another; a partaker.

PARTICIPIAL
Par`ti*cip"i*al, a. Etym: [L. participialis: cf. E. participal. See
Participle.]

Defn: Having, or partaking of, the nature and use of a participle;
formed from a participle; as, a participial noun. Lowth.

PARTICIPIAL
Par`ti*cip"i*al, n.

Defn: A participial word.

PARTICIPIALIZE
Par`ti*cip"i*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p.p Participialized; p. pr. & vb.
n. Participializing.]

Defn: To form into, or put in the form of, a participle. [R.]

PARTICIPIALLY
Par`ti*cip"i*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the sense or manner of a participle.

PARTICIPLE
Par"ti*ci*ple, n. Etym: [F. participe, L. participium, fr. particeps
sharing, participant; pars, gen. partis, a part + capere to take. See
Participate.]

1. (Gram.)

Defn: A part of speech partaking of the nature both verb and
adjective; a form of a verb, or verbal adjective, modifying a noun,
but taking the adjuncts of the verb from which it is derived. In the
sentences: a letter is written; being asleep he did not hear;
exhausted by toil he will sleep soundly, -- written, being, and
exhaustedare participles.
By a participle, [I understand] a verb in an adjectival aspect.
Earle.

Note: Present participles, called also imperfect, or incomplete,
participles, end in -ing. Past participles, called also perfect, or
complete, participles, for the most part end in -ed, -d, -t, -en, or
-n. A participle when used merely as an attribute of a noun, without
reference to time, is called an adjective, or a participial
adjective; as, a written constitution; a rolling stone; the exhausted
army. The verbal noun in -ing has the form of the present participle.
See Verbal noun, under Verbal, a.

2. Anything that partakes of the nature of different things. [Obs.]
The participles or confines between plants and living creatures.
Bacon.

PARTICLE
Par"ti*cle, n. Etym: [L. particula, dim of pars, gen partis, a part:
cf. F. particule. See Part, and cf. Parcel.]

1. A minute part or portion of matter; a morsel; a little bit; an
atom; a jot; as, a particle of sand, of wood, of dust.
The small size of atoms which unite To make the smallest particle of
light. Blackmore.

2. Any very small portion or part; the smallest portion; as, he has
not a particle of patriotism or virtue.
The houses had not given their commissioners authority in the least
particle to recede. Clarendon.

3. (R. C. Ch.)
(a) A crumb or little piece of concecrated host.
(b) The smaller hosts distributed in the communion of the laity. Bp.
Fitzpatrick.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: A subordinate word that is never inflected (a preposition,
conjunction, interjection); or a word that can not be used except in
compositions; as, ward in backward, ly in lovely.

PARTICOLORED
Par"ti*col`ored, a.

Defn: Same as Party-colored.

PARTICULAR
Par*tic"u*lar, a. Etym: [OE. particuler, F. particulier, L.
particularis. See Particle.]

1. Relating to a part or portion of anything; concerning a part
separated from the whole or from others of the class; separate; sole;
single; individual; specific; as, the particular stars of a
constellation. Shak.
[/Make] each particular hair to stand an end, Like quills upon the
fretful porpentine. Shak.
Seken in every halk and every herne Particular sciences for to lerne.
Chaucer.

2. Of or pertaining to a single person, class, or thing; belonging to
one only; not general; not common; hence, personal; peculiar;
singular. "Thine own particular wrongs." Shak.
Wheresoever one plant draweth such a particular juice out of the
earth. Bacon.

3. Separate or distinct by reason of superiority; distinguished;
important; noteworthy; unusual; special; as, he brought no particular
news; she was the particular belle of the party.

4. Concerned with, or attentive to, details; minute; circumstantial;
precise; as, a full and particular account of an accident; hence,
nice; fastidious; as, a man particular in his dress.

5. (Law)
(a) Containing a part only; limited; as, a particular estate, or one
precedent to an estate in remainder.
(b) Holding a particular estate; as, a particular tenant. Blackstone.

6. (Logic)

Defn: Forming a part of a genus; relatively limited in extension;
affirmed or denied of a part of a subject; as, a particular
proposition; -- opposed to universal: e. g. (particular affirmative)
Some men are wise; (particular negative) Some men are not wise.
Particular average. See under Average.
 -- Particular Baptist, one of a branch of the Baptist denomination
the members of which hold the doctrine of a particular or individual
election and reprobation.
 -- Particular lien (Law), a lien, or a right to retain a thing, for
some charge or claim growing out of, or connected with, that
particular thing.
 -- Particular redemption, the doctrine that the purpose, act, and
provisions of redemption are restricted to a limited number of the
human race. See Calvinism.

Syn.
 -- Minute; individual; respective; appropriate; peculiar; especial;
exact; specific; precise; critical; circumstantial. See Minute.

PARTICULAR
Par*tic"u*lar, n.

1. A separate or distinct member of a class, or part of a whole; an
individual fact, point, circumstance, detail, or item, which may be
considered separately; as, the particulars of a story.
Particulars which it is not lawful for me to reveal. Bacon.
It is the greatest interest of particulars to advance the good of the
community. L'Estrange.

2. Special or personal peculiarity, trait, or character;
individuality; interest, etc. [Obs.]
For his particular I'll receive him gladly. Shak.
If the particulars of each person be considered. Milton.
Temporal blessings, whether such as concern the public . . . or such
as concern our particular. Whole Duty of Man.

3. (Law)

Defn: One of the details or items of grounds of claim; -- usually in
the pl.; also, a bill of particulars; a minute account; as, a
particular of premises.
The reader has a particular of the books wherein this law was
written. Ayliffe.
Bill of particulars. See under Bill.
 -- In particular, specially; peculiarly. "This, in particular,
happens to the lungs." Blackmore.
 -- To go into particulars, to relate or describe in detail or
minutely.

PARTICULARISM
Par*tic"u*lar*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. particularisme.]

1. A minute description; a detailed statement. [R.]

2. (Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine of particular election.

3. (German Politics)

Defn: Devotion to the interests of one's own kingdom or province
rather than to those of the empire.

PARTICULARIST
Par*tic"u*lar*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. particulariste.]

Defn: One who holds to particularism.
 -- Par*tic`u*lar*is"tic, a.

PARTICULARITY
Par*tic`u*lar"i*ty, n.; pl. Particularities. Etym: [Cf. F.
particularité.]

1. The state or quality of being particular; distinctiveness;
circumstantiality; minuteness in detail.

2. That which is particular; as:
(a) Peculiar quality; individual characteristic; peculiarity. "An old
heathen altar with this particularity." Addison.
(b) Special circumstance; minute detail; particular. "Even descending
to particularities." Sir P. Sidney.
(c) Something of special or private concern or interest.
Let the general trumpet blow his blast, Particularities and petty
sounds To cease! Shak
.

PARTICULARIZATION
Par*tic`u*lar*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of particularizing. Coleridge.

PARTICULARIZE
Par*tic"u*lar*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Particularized; p. pr. & vb.
n. Particularizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. particulariser.]

Defn: To give as a particular, or as the particulars; to mention
particularly; to give the particulars of; to enumerate or specify in
detail.
He not only boasts of his parentage as an Israelite, but
particularizes his descent from Benjamin. Atterbury.

PARTICULARIZE
Par*tic"u*lar*ize, v. i.

Defn: To mention or attend to particulars; to give minute details; to
be circumstantial; as, to particularize in a narrative.

PARTICULARLY
Par*tic"u*lar*ly, adv.

1. In a particular manner; expressly; with a specific reference or
interest; in particular; distinctly.

2. In an especial manner; in a high degree; as, a particularly
fortunate man; a particularly bad failure.
The exact propriety of Virgil I particularly regarded as a great part
of his character. Dryden.

PARTICULARMENT
Par*tic"u*lar*ment, n.

Defn: A particular; a detail. [Obs.]

PARTICULATE
Par*tic"u*late, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Particle.]

Defn: To particularize. [Obs.]

PARTICULATE
Par*tic"u*late, a.

1. Having the form of a particle.

2. Referring to, or produced by, particles, such as dust, minute
germs, etc. [R.]
The smallpox is a particulate disease. Tyndall.

PARTING
Par"ting, a. Etym: [From Part, v.]

1. Serving to part; dividing; separating.

2. Given when departing; as, a parting shot; a parting salute. "Give
him that parting kiss." Shak.

3. Departing. "Speed the parting guest." Pope.

4. Admitting of being parted; partible. Parting fellow, a partner.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- Parting pulley. See under Pulley.
 -- Parting sand (Founding), dry, nonadhesive sand, sprinkled upon
the partings of a mold to facilitate the separation.
 -- Parting strip (Arch.), in a sash window, one of the thin strips
of wood let into the pulley stile to keep the sashes apart; also, the
thin piece inserted in the window box to separate the weights.
 -- Parting tool (Mach.), a thin tool, used in turning or planing,
for cutting a piece in two.

PARTING
Par"ting, n.

1. The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted;
division; separation. "The parting of the way." Ezek. xxi. 21.

2. A separation; a leave-taking. Shak.
And there were sudden partings, such as press The life from out young
hearts. Byron.

3. A surface or line of separation where a division occurs.

4. (Founding)

Defn: The surface of the sand of one section of a mold where it meets
that of another section.

5. (Chem.)

Defn: The separation and determination of alloys; esp., the
separation, as by acids, of gold from silver in the assay button.

6. (Geol.)

Defn: A joint or fissure, as in a coal seam.

7. (Naut.)

Defn: The breaking, as of a cable, by violence.

8. (Min.)

Defn: Lamellar separation in a crystallized mineral, due to some
other cause than cleavage, as to the presence of twinning lamellæ.

PARTISAN
Par"ti*san, n. Etym: [F., fr. It. partigiano. See Party, and cf.
Partisan a truncheon.] [Written also partizan.]

1. An adherent to a party or faction; esp., one who is strongly and
passionately devoted to a party or an interest. "The violence of a
partisan." Macaulay.
Both sides had their partisans in the colony. Jefferson.

2. (Mil.)
(a) The commander of a body of detached light troops engaged in
making forays and harassing an enemy.
(b) Any member of such a corps.

PARTISAN
Par"ti*san, a. Etym: [Written also partizan.]

1. Adherent to a party or faction; especially, having the character
of blind, passionate, or unreasonable adherence to a party; as,
blinded by partisan zeal.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: Serving as a partisan in a detached command; as, a partisan
officer or corps. Partisan ranger (Mil.), a member of a partisan
corps.

PARTISAN
Par"ti*san, n. Etym: [F. pertuisane, prob. fr. It. partigiana,
influenced in French by OF. pertuisier to pierce. It was prob. so
named as the weapon of some partisans, or party men. Cf. Partisan one
of a corps of light troops.]

Defn: A kind of halberd or pike; also, a truncheon; a staff.
And make him with our pikes and partisans a grave. Shak.

PARTISANSHIP
Par"ti*san*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a partisan, or adherent to a party; feelings
or conduct appropriate to a partisan.

PARTITA
Par*ti"ta, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A suite; a set of variations.

PARTITE
Par"tite, a. Etym: [L. partitus, p.p. of partire to part, divide,
from pars. See Part, and cf. Party, a.] (Bot.)

Defn: Divided nearly to the base; as, a partite leaf is a simple
separated down nearly to the base.

PARTITION
Par*ti"tion, n. Etym: [F. partition, L. partitio. See Part, v.]

1. The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted;
separation; division; distribution; as, the partition of a kingdom.
And good from bad find no partition. Shak.

2. That which divides or separates; that by which different things,
or distinct parts of the same thing, are separated; separating
boundary; dividing line or space; specifically, an interior wall
dividing one part or apartment of a house, an inclosure, or the like,
from another; as, a brick partition; lath and plaster partitions.
No sight could pass Betwixt the nice partitions of the grass. Dryden.

3. A part divided off by walls; an apartment; a compartment. [R.]
"Lodged in a small partition." Milton.

4. (Law.)

Defn: The servance of common or undivided interests, particularly in
real estate. It may be effected by consent of parties, or by
compulsion of law.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: A score. Partition of numbers (Math.), the resolution of
integers into parts subject to given conditions. Brande & C.

PARTITION
Par*ti"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Partitioned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Partitioning.]

1. To divide into parts or shares; to divide and distribute; as, to
partition an estate among various heirs.

2. To divide into distinct parts by lines, walls, etc.; as, to
partition a house.
Uniform without, though severally partitioned within. Bacon.

PARTITIONMENT
Par*ti"tion*ment, n.

Defn: The act of partitioning.

PARTITIVE
Par"ti*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. partitif.] (Gram.)

Defn: Denoting a part; as, a partitive genitive.

PARTITIVE
Par"ti*tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: A word expressing partition, or denoting a part.

PARTITIVELY
Par"ti*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a partitive manner.

PARTLET
Part"let, n. Etym: [Dim. of part.]

1. A covering for the neck, and sometimes for the shoulders and
breast; originally worn by both sexes, but laterby women alone; a
ruff. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. A hen; -- so called from the ruffing of her neck feathers. "Dame
Partlett, the hen." Shak.

PARTLY
Part"ly, adv.

Defn: In part; in some measure of degree; not wholly. "I partly
believe it." 1 Cor. xi. 18.

PARTNER
Part"ner, n. Etym: [For parcener, influenced by part.]

1. One who has a part in anything with an other; a partaker; an
associate; a sharer. "Partner of his fortune." Shak. Hence: (a) A
husband or a wife. (b) Either one of a couple who dance together. (c)
One who shares as a member of a partnership in the management, or in
the gains and losses, of a business.
My other self, the partner of my life. Milton.

2. (Law)

Defn: An associate in any business or occupation; a member of a
partnership. See Partnership.

3. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: A framework of heavy timber surrounding an opening in a deck,
to strengthen it for the support of a mast, pump, capstan, or the
like. Dormant, or Silent, partner. See under Dormant, a.

Syn.
 -- Associate; colleague; coadjutor; confederate; partaker;
participator; companion; comrade; mate.

PARTNER
Part"ner, v. t.

Defn: To associate, to join. [Obs.] Shak.

PARTNERSHIP
Part"ner*ship, n.

1. The state or condition of being a partner; as, to be in
partnership with another; to have partnership in the fortunes of a
family or a state.

2. A division or sharing among partners; joint possession or
interest.
Rome, that ne'er knew three lordly heads before, First fell by fatal
partnership of power. Rowe.
He does possession keep, And is too wise to hazard partnership.
Dryden.

3. An alliance or association of persons for the prosecution of an
undertaking or a business on joint account; a company; a firm; a
house; as, to form a partnership.

4. (Law)

Defn: A contract between two or more competent persons for joining
together their money, goods, labor, and skill, or any or all of them,
under an understanding that there shall be a communion of profit
between them, and for the purpose of carrying on a legal trade,
business, or adventure. Kent. Story.

Note: Community of profit is absolutely essential to, though not
necessary the test of, a partnership.

5. (Arith.)

Defn: See Fellowship, n., 6. Limited partnership, a form of
partnership in which the firm consists of one or more general
partners, jointly and severally responsible as ordinary partners, and
one or more special partners, who are not liable for the debts of the
partnership beyond the amount of cash they contribute as capital.
 -- Partnership in commendam, the title given to the limited
partnership (F. société en commandité) of the French law, introduced
into the code of Louisiana. Burrill.
 -- Silent partnership, the relation of partnership sustained by a
person who furnishes capital only.

PARTOOK
Par*took",

Defn: imp. of Partake.

PARTRIDGE
Par"tridge, n. Etym: [OE. partriche, pertriche, OF. pertris, perdriz,
F. perdrix, L. perdix, -icis, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

1. Any one of numerous species of small gallinaceous birds of the
genus Perdix and several related genera of the family Perdicidæ, of
the Old World. The partridge is noted as a game bird.
Full many a fat partrich had he in mew. Chaucer.

Note: The common European, or gray, partridge (Perdix cinerea) and
the red-legged partridge (Caccabis rubra) of Southern Europe and Asia
are well-known species.

2. Any one of several species of quail-like birds belonging to
Colinus, and allied genera. [U.S.]

Note: Among them are the bobwhite (Colinus Virginianus) of the
Eastern States; the plumed, or mountain, partridge (Oreortyx pictus)
of California; the Massena partridge (Cyrtonyx Montezumæ); and the
California partridge (Callipepla Californica).

3. The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus). [New Eng.] Bamboo partridge
(Zoöl.), a spurred partridge of the genus Bambusicola. Several
species are found in China and the East Indies.
 -- Night partridge (Zoöl.), the woodcock. [Local, U.S.] -- Painted
partridge (Zoöl.), a francolin of South Africa (Francolinus pictus).
 -- Partridge berry. (Bot.) (a) The scarlet berry of a trailing
american plant (Mitchella repens) of the order Rubiaceæ, having
roundish evergreen leaves, and white fragrant flowers sometimes
tinged with purple, growing in pairs with the ovaries united, and
producing the berries which remain over winter; also, the plant
itself. (b) The fruit of the creeping wintergreen (Gaultheria
procumbens); also, the plant itself.
 -- Partridge dove (Zoöl.) Same as Mountain witch, under Mountain.
 -- Partridge pea (Bot.), a yellow-flowered leguminous herb (Cassia
Chamæcrista), common in sandy fields in the Eastern United States.
 -- Partridge shell (Zoöl.), a large marine univalve shell (Dolium
perdix), having colors variegated like those of the partridge.
 -- Partridge wood (a) A variegated wood, much esteemed for
cabinetwork. It is obtained from tropical America, and one source of
it is said to be the leguminous tree Andira inermis. Called also
pheasant wood. (b) A name sometimes given to the dark-colored and
striated wood of some kind of palm, which is used for walking sticks
and umbrella handles.
 -- Sea partridge (Zoöl.), an Asiatic sand partridge (Ammoperdix
Bonhami); -- so called from its note.
 -- Snow partridge (Zoöl.), a large spurred partridge (Lerwa
nivicola) which inhabits the high mountains of Asia.
 -- Spruce partridge. See under Spruce.
 -- Wood partridge, or Hill partridge (Zoöl.), any small Asiatic
partridge of the genus Arboricola.

PARTURE
Par"ture, n.

Defn: Departure. [Obs.] Spenser.

PARTURIATE
Par*tu"ri*ate, v. i. Etym: [See Parturient.]

Defn: To bring forth young. [Obs.]

PARTURIENCY
Par*tu"ri*en*cy, n.

Defn: Parturition.

PARTURIENT
Par*tu"ri*ent, a. Etym: [L. parturiens, p.pr. of parturire to desire
to bring forth, fr. parere, partum, to bring forth. See Parent.]

Defn: Bringing forth, or about to bring forth, young; fruitful. Jer.
Tailor.

PARTURIFACIENT
Par*tu`ri*fa"cient, n. Etym: [L. parturire to desire to bring forth +
facere to make.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicine tending to cause parturition, or to give relief in
childbearing. Dunglison.

PARTURIOUS
Par*tu"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Parturient. [Obs.] Drayton.

PARTURITION
Par`tu*ri"tion, n. Etym: [L. parturitio, fr. parturire: cf. F.
parturition. See Parturient.]

1. The act of bringing forth, or being delivered of, young; the act
of giving birth; delivery; childbirth.

2. That which is brought forth; a birth. [Obs.]

PARTURITIVE
Par*tu"ri*tive, a.

Defn: Pertaining to parturition; obstetric. [R.]

PARTY
Par"ty, n.; pl. Parties. Etym: [F. parti and partie, fr. F. partir to
part, divide, L. partire, partiri. See Part, v.]

1. A part or portion. [Obs.] "The most party of the time." Chaucer.

2. A number of persons united in opinion or action, as distinguished
from, or opposed to, the rest of a community or association; esp.,
one of the parts into which a people is divided on questions of
public policy.
Win the noble Brutus to our party. Shak.
The peace both parties want is like to last. Dryden.

3. A part of a larger body of company; a detachment; especially
(Mil.), a small body of troops dispatched on special service.

4. A number of persons invited to a social entertainment; a select
company; as, a dinner party; also, the entertainment itself; as, to
give a party.

5. One concerned or interested in an affair; one who takes part with
others; a participator; as, he was a party to the plot; a party to
the contract.

6. The plaintiff or the defendant in a lawsuit, whether an
individual, a firm, or corporation; a litigant.
The cause of both parties shall come before the judges. Ex. xxii. 9.

7. Hence, any certain person who is regarded as being opposed or
antagonistic to another.
It the jury found that the party slain was of English race, it had
been adjudged felony. Sir J. Davies.

8. Cause; side; interest.
Have you nothing said Upon this Party 'gainst the Duke of Albany
Shak.

9. A person; as, he is a queer party. [Now accounted a vulgarism.]

Note: "For several generations, our ancestors largely employed party
for person; but this use of the word, when it appeared to be
reviving, happened to strike, more particularly, the fancy of the
vulgar; and the consequence has been, that the polite have chosen to
leave it in their undisputed possession." Fitzed. Hall. Party jury
(Law), a jury composed of different parties, as one which is half
natives and half foreigners.
 -- Party man, a partisan. Swift.
 -- Party spirit, a factious and unreasonable temper, not uncommonly
shown by party men. Whately.
 -- Party verdict, a joint verdict. Shak.
 -- Party wall. (a) (Arch.) A wall built upon the dividing line
between two adjoining properties, usually having half its thickness
on each property. (b) (Law) A wall that separates adjoining houses,
as in a block or row.

PARTY
Par"ty, a. Etym: [F. parti divided, fr. partir to divide. See Part,
v., and cf. Partite.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: Parted or divided, as in the direction or form of one of the
ordinaries; as, an escutcheon party per pale.

2. Partial; favoring one party.
I will be true judge, and not party. Chaucer.
Charter party. See under Charter.

PARTY
Par"ty, adv.

Defn: Partly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARTY-COATED
Par"ty-coat`ed, a.

Defn: Having a motley coat, or coat of divers colors. Shak.

PARTY-COLORED; PARTI-COLORED
Par"ty-col`ored, Par"ti-col`ored, a.

Defn: Colored with different tints; variegated; as, a party-colored
flower. "Parti-colored lambs." Shak.

PARTYISM
Par"ty*ism, n.

Defn: Devotion to party.

PARUMBILICAL
Par`um*bil"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + umbilical.] (Anat.)

Defn: Near the umbilicus; -- applied especially to one or more small
veins which, in man, connect the portal vein with the epigastric
veins in the front wall of the abdomen.

PARURE
Pa`rure", n. [F., OF. pareure, LL. paraura, fr. L. parare to prepare.
See Pare.]

Defn: An ornament or decoration for the person; esp., a decoration
consisting of a set of ornaments to be used together; as, a parure of
rubies or of embroideries.

PARUSIA
Pa*ru"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech by which the present tense is used instead
of the past or the future, as in the animated narration of past, or
in the prediction of future, events.

PARVANIMITY
Par`va*nim"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. parvus little + animus mind.]

Defn: The state or quality of having a little or ignoble mind;
pettiness; meanness; -- opposed to magnanimity. De Quincey.

PARVENU
Par"ve*nu`, n. Etym: [F., prop. p.p. of parvenir to attain to, to
succeed, to rise to high station, L. pervenire to come to; per
through + venire to come. See Par, prep., and Come.]

Defn: An upstart; a man newly risen into notice.

PARVIS; PARVISE
Par"vis, Par"vise, n. Etym: [F. parvis, fr. LL. paravisus, fr. L.
paradisus. See Paradise.]

Defn: a court of entrance to, or an inclosed space before, a church;
hence, a church porch; -- sometimes formerly used as place of
meeting, as for lawyers. Chaucer.

PARVITUDE; PARVITY
Par"vi*tude, Par"vi*ty, n. Etym: [L. parvitas, fr. parvus little: cf.
OF. parvité.]

Defn: Littleness. [Obs.] Glanvill. Ray.

PARVOLIN
Par"vo*lin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A nonoxygenous ptomaine, formed in the putrefaction of
albuminous matters, especially of horseflesh and mackerel.

PARVOLINE
Par"vo*line, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid base, C

PAS
Pas, n. Etym: [F. See Pace.]

1. A pace; a step, as in a dance. Chaucer.

2. Right of going foremost; precedence. Arbuthnot.

PASAN
Pa"san, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gemsbok.

PASCH; PASCHA
Pasch, Pas"cha, n. Etym: [AS. pascha, L. pascha, Gr. pesach, fr.
pasach to pass over: cf. OF. pasque, F. pâque. Cf. Paschal, Paas,
Paque.]

Defn: The passover; the feast of Easter. Pasch egg. See Easter egg,
under Easter.
 -- Pasch flower. See Pasque flower, under Pasque.

PASCHAL
Pas"chal, a. Etym: [L. paschalis: cf. F. pascal. See Pasch.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the passover, or to Easter; as, a paschal
lamb; paschal eggs. Longfellow. Paschal candle (R. C. Ch.), a large
wax candle, blessed and placed on the altar on Holy Saturday, or the
day before Easter.
 -- Paschal flower. See Pasque flower, under Pasque.

PASENG
Pa*seng", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wild or bezoar goat. See Goat.

PASH
Pash, v. t. Etym: [Prob. of imitative origin, or possibly akin to box
to fight with the fists.]

Defn: To strike; to crush; to smash; to dash in pieces. [Obs.] P.
Plowman. "I'll pash him o'er the face." Shak.

PASH
Pash, n. Etym: [Scot., the pate. Cf. Pash, v. t.]

1. The head; the poll. [R.] "A rough pash." Shak.

2. A crushing blow. [Obs.]

3. A heavy fall of rain or snow. [Prov. Eng.]

PASHA
Pa*sha", n. Etym: [Turk. pasha, basha; cf. Per. basha, badshah; perh.
a corruption of Per. padishah. Cf. Bashaw, Padishah, Shah.]

Defn: An honorary title given to officers of high rank in Turkey, as
to governers of provinces, military commanders, etc. The earlier form
was bashaw. [Written also pacha.]

Note: There are three classes of pashas, whose rank is distinguished
by the number of the horsetails borne on their standards, being one,
two, or three, a pasha of three tails being the highest.

PASHALIC
Pa*sha"lic, n. [Written also pachalic.] Etym: [Turk.]

Defn: The jurisdiction of a pasha.

PASHAW
Pa*shaw", n.

Defn: See Pasha.

PASIGRAPHIC; PASIGRAPHICAL
Pas`i*graph"ic, Pas`i*graph"ic*al a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pasigraphy.

PASIGRAPHY
Pa*sig"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A system of universal writing, or a manner of writing that may
be understood and used by all nations. Good.

PASILALY
Pas"i*la`ly, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A form of speech adapted to be used by all mankind; universal
language.

PASK
Pask, n. Etym: [See Pasque.]

Defn: See Pasch.

PASPY
Pas"py, n. Etym: [F. passe-pied.]

Defn: A kind of minuet, in triple time, of French origin, popular in
the reign of Queen Elizabeth and for some time after; -- called also
passing measure, and passymeasure. Percy Smith.

PASQUE
Pasque, n. Etym: [OF. pasque.]

Defn: See Pasch. Pasque flower (Bot.), a name of several plants of
the genus Anemone, section Pulsatilla. They are perennial herbs with
rather large purplish blossoms, which appear in early spring, or
about Easter, whence the common name. Called also campana.

PASQUIL
Pas"quil, n. Etym: [It. pasquillo.]

Defn: See Pasquin. [R.]

PASQUIL
Pas"quil, v. t. [R.]

Defn: See Pasquin.

PASQUILANT
Pas"quil*ant, n.

Defn: A lampooner; a pasquiler. [R.] Coleridge.

PASQUILER
Pas"quil*er, n.

Defn: A lampooner. [R.] Burton.

PASQUIN
Pas"quin, n. Etym: [It. pasquino a mutilated statue at Rome, set up
against the wall of the place of the Orsini; -- so called from a
witty cobbler or tailor, near whose shop the statue was dug up. On
this statue it was customary to paste satiric papers.]

Defn: A lampooner; also, a lampoon. See Pasquinade.
The Grecian wits, who satire first began, Were pleasant pasquins on
the life of man. Dryden.

PASQUIN
Pas"quin, v. t.

Defn: To lampoon; to satiraze. [R.]
To see himself pasquined and affronted. Dryden.

PASQUINADE
Pas`quin*ade", n. Etym: [F. pasquinade, It. pasquinata.]

Defn: A lampoon or satirical writing. Macaulay.

PASQUINADE
Pas`quin*ade", v. t.

Defn: To lampoon, to satirize.

PASS
Pass, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Passed; p. pr. & vb. n. Passing.] Etym: [F.
passer, LL. passare, fr. L. passus step, or from pandere, passum, to
spread out, lay open. See Pace.]

1. To go; to move; to proceed; to be moved or transferred from one
point to another; to make a transit; -- usually with a following
adverb or adverbal phrase defining the kind or manner of motion; as,
to pass on, by, out, in, etc.; to pass swiftly, directly, smoothly,
etc.; to pass to the rear, under the yoke, over the bridge, across
the field, beyond the border, etc. "But now pass over [i.e., pass
on]." Chaucer.
On high behests his angels to and fro Passed frequent. Milton.
Sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths, And from their bodies
passed. Coleridge.

2. To move or be transferred from one state or condition to another;
to change possession, condition, or circumstances; to undergo
transition; as, the business has passed into other hands.
Others, dissatisfied with what they have, . . . pass from just to
unjust. Sir W. Temple.

3. To move beyond the range of the senses or of knowledge; to pass
away; hence, to disappear; to vanish; to depart; specifically, to
depart from life; to die.
Disturb him not, let him pass paceably. Shak.
Beauty is a charm, but soon the charm will pass. Dryden.
The passing of the sweetest soul That ever looked with human eyes.
Tennyson.

4. To move or to come into being or under notice; to come and go in
consciousness; hence, to take place; to occur; to happen; to come; to
occur progressively or in succession; to be present transitorly.
So death passed upon all men. Rom. v. 12.
Our own consciousness of what passes within our own mind. I. Watts.

5. To go by or glide by, as time; to elapse; to be spent; as, their
vacation passed pleasantly.
Now the time is far passed. Mark vi. 35

6. To go from one person to another; hence, to be given and taken
freely; as, clipped coin will not pass; to obtain general acceptance;
to be held or regarded; to circulate; to be current; -- followed by
for before a word denoting value or estimation. "Let him pass for a
man." Shak.
False eloquence passeth only where true is not understood. Felton.
This will not pass for a fault in him. Atterbury.

7. To advance through all the steps or stages necessary to validity
or effectiveness; to be carried through a body that has power to
sanction or reject; to receive legislative sanction; to be enacted;
as, the resolution passed; the bill passed both houses of Congress.

8. To go through any inspection or test successfully; to be approved
or accepted; as, he attempted the examination, but did not expect to
pass.

9. To be suffered to go on; to be tolerated; hence, to continue; to
live alogn. "The play may pass." Shak.

10. To go unheeded or neglected; to proceed without hindrance or
opposition; as, we let this act pass.

11. To go beyond bounds; to surpass; to be in excess. [Obs.] "This
passes, Master Ford." Shak.

12. To take heed; to care. [Obs.]
As for these silken-coated slaves, I pass not. Shak.

13. To go through the intestines. Arbuthnot.

14. (Law)

Defn: To be conveyed or transferred by will, deed, or other
instrument of conveyance; as, an estate passes by a certain clause in
a deed. Mozley & W.

15. (Fencing)

Defn: To make a lunge or pass; to thrust.

16. (Card Playing)

Defn: To decline to play in one's turn; in euchre, to decline to make
the trump.
She would not play, yet must not pass. Prior.
To bring to pass, To come to pass. See under Bring, and Come.
 -- To pass away, to disappear; to die; to vanish. "The heavens shall
pass away." 2 Pet. iii. 10. "I thought to pass away before, but yet
alive I am." Tennyson.
 -- To pass by, to go near and beyond a certain person or place; as,
he passed by as we stood there.
 -- To pass into, to change by a gradual transmission; to blend or
unite with.
 -- To pass on, to proceed.
 -- To pass on or upon. (a) To happen to; to come upon; to affect.
"So death passed upon all men." Rom. v. 12. "Provided no indirect act
pass upon our prayers to define them." Jer. Taylor. (b) To determine
concerning; to give judgment or sentence upon. "We may not pass upon
his life." Shak.
 -- To pass off, to go away; to cease; to disappear; as, an agitation
passes off.
 -- To pass over, to go from one side or end to the other; to cross,
as a river, road, or bridge.

PASS
Pass, v. t.

1. In simple, transitive senses; as:
(a) To go by, beyond, over, through, or the like; to proceed from one
side to the other of; as, to pass a house, a stream, a boundary, etc.
(b) Hence:

Defn: To go from one limit to the other of; to spend; to live
through; to have experience of; to undergo; to suffer. "To pass
commodiously this life." Milton.
She loved me for the dangers I had passed. Shak.

(c) To go by without noticing; to omit attention to; to take no note
of; to disregard.
Please you that I may pass This doing. Shak.
I pass their warlike pomp, their proud array. Dryden.

(d) To transcend; to surpass; to excel; to exceed.
And strive to pass . . . Their native music by her skillful art.
Spenser.
Whose tender power Passes the strength of storms in their most
desolate hour. Byron.

(e) To go successfully through, as an examination, trail, test, etc.;
to obtain the formal sanction of, as a legislative body; as, he
passed his examination; the bill passed the senate.

2. In causative senses: as:
(a) To cause to move or go; to send; to transfer from one person,
place, or condition to another; to transmit; to deliver; to hand; to
make over; as, the waiter passed bisquit and cheese; the torch was
passed from hand to hand.
I had only time to pass my eye over the medals. Addison.
Waller passed over five thousand horse and foot by Newbridge.
Clarendon.

(b) To cause to pass the lips; to utter; to pronounce; hence, to
promise; to pledge; as, to pass sentence. Shak.
Father, thy word is passed. Milton.

(c) To cause to advance by stages of progress; to carry on with
success through an ordeal, examination, or action; specifically, to
give legal or official sanction to; to ratify; to enact; to approve
as valid and just; as, he passed the bill through the committee; the
senate passed the law.
(e) To put in circulation; to give currency to; as, to pass
counterfeit money. "Pass the happy news." Tennyson.
(f) To cause to obtain entrance, admission, or conveyance; as, to
pass a person into a theater, or over a railroad.

3. To emit from the bowels; to evacuate.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: To take a turn with (a line, gasket, etc.), as around a sail in
furling, and make secure.

5. (Fencing)

Defn: To make, as a thrust, punto, etc. Shak. Passed midshipman. See
under Midshipman.
 -- To pass a dividend, to omit the declaration and payment of a
dividend at the time when due.
 -- To pass away, to spend; to waste. "Lest she pass away the flower
of her age." Ecclus. xlii. 9.
 -- To pass by. (a) To disregard; to neglect. (b) To excuse; to
spare; to overlook.
 -- To pass off, to impose fraudulently; to palm off. "Passed himself
off as a bishop." Macaulay.
 -- To pass (something) on or upon (some one), to put upon as a trick
or cheat; to palm off. "She passed the child on her husband for a
boy." Dryden.
 -- To pass over, to overlook; not to note or resent; as, to pass
over an affront.

PASS
Pass, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pas (for sense 1), and passe, fr. passer to
pass. See Pass, v. i.]

1. An opening, road, or track, available for passing; especially, one
through or over some dangerous or otherwise impracticable barrier; a
passageway; a defile; a ford; as, a mountain pass.
"Try not the pass!" the old man said. Longfellow.

2. (Fencing)

Defn: A thrust or push; an attempt to stab or strike an adversary.
Shak.

3. A movement of the hand over or along anything; the manipulation of
a mesmerist.

4. (Rolling Metals)

Defn: A single passage of a bar, rail, sheet, etc., between the
rolls.

5. State of things; condition; predicament.
Have his daughters brought him to this pass. Shak.
Matters have been brought to this pass. South.

6. Permission or license to pass, or to go and come; a psssport; a
ticket permitting free transit or admission; as, a railroad or
theater pass; a military pass.
A ship sailing under the flag and pass of an enemy. Kent.

7. Fig.: a thrust; a sally of wit. Shak.

8. Estimation; character. [Obs.]
Common speech gives him a worthy pass. Shak.

9. Etym: [Cf. Passus.]

Defn: A part; a division. [Obs.] Chaucer. Pass boat (Naut.), a punt,
or similar boat.
 -- Pass book. (a) A book in which a trader enters articles bought on
credit, and then passes or sends it to the purchaser. (b) See Bank
book.
 -- Pass box (Mil.), a wooden or metallic box, used to carry
cartridges from the service magazine to the piece.
 -- Pass check, a ticket of admission to a place of entertainment, or
of readmission for one who goes away in expectation of returning.

PASSABLE
Pass"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. passable.]

1. Capable of being passed, traveled, navigated, traversed,
penetrated, or the like; as, the roads are not passable; the stream
is passablein boats.
His body's a passable carcass if it be not hurt; it is a throughfare
for steel. Shak.

2. Capable of being freely circulated or disseminated; acceptable;
generally receivable; current.
With men as with false money -- one piece is more or less passable
than another. L'Estrange.
Could they have made this slander passable. Collier.

3. Such as may be allowed to pass without serious objection;
tolerable; admissable; moderate; mediocre.
My version will appear a passable beauty when the original muse is
absent. Dryden.

PASSABLENESS
Pass"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being passable.

PASSABLY
Pass"a*bly, adv.

Defn: Tolerably; moderately.

PASSACAGLIA; PASSACAGLIO
Pas`sa*ca*glia, Pas`sa*ca*glio, n. Etym: [Sp. pasacalle a certain
tune on the guitar, prop., a tune played in passing through the
streets.] (Mus.)

Defn: An old Italian or Spanish dance tune, in slow three-four
measure, with divisions on a ground bass, resembling a chaconne.

PASSADE; PASSADO
Pas*sade", Pas*sa"do, n. Etym: [F. passade; cf. Sp. pasada. See Pass,
v. i.]

1. (Fencing)

Defn: A pass or thrust. Shak.

2. (Man.)

Defn: A turn or course of a horse backward or forward on the same
spot of ground.

PASSAGE
Pas"sage, n. Etym: [F. passage. See Pass, v. i.]

1. The act of passing; transit from one place to another; movement
from point to point; a going by, over, across, or through; as, the
passage of a man or a carriage; the passage of a ship or a bird; the
passage of light; the passage of fluids through the pores or channels
of the body.
What! are my doors opposed against my passage! Shak.

2. Transit by means of conveyance; journey, as by water, carriage,
car, or the like; travel; right, liberty, or means, of passing;
conveyance.
The ship in which he had taken passage. Macaulay.

3. Price paid for the liberty to pass; fare; as, to pay one's
passage.

4. Removal from life; decease; departure; death. [R.] "Endure thy
mortal passage." Milton.
When he is fit and season'd for his passage. Shak.

5. Way; road; path; channel or course through or by which one passes;
way of exit or entrance; way of access or transit. Hence, a common
avenue to various apartments in a building; a hall; a corridor.
And with his pointed dart Explores the nearest passage to his heart.
Dryden.
The Persian army had advanced into the . . . passages of Cilicia.
South.

6. A continuous course, process, or progress; a connected or
continuous series; as, the passage of time.
The conduct and passage of affairs. Sir J. Davies.
The passage and whole carriage of this action. Shak.

7. A separate part of a course, process, or series; an occurrence; an
incident; an act or deed. "In thy passages of life." Shak.
The . . . almost incredible passage of their unbelief. South.

8. A particular portion constituting a part of something continuous;
esp., a portion of a book, speech, or musical composition; a
paragraph; a clause.
How commentators each dark passage shun. Young.

9. Reception; currency. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

10. A pass or en encounter; as, a passage at arms.
No passages of love Betwixt us twain henceforward evermore. Tennyson.

11. A movement or an evacuation of the bowels.

12. In parliamentary proceedings: (a) The course of a proposition
(bill, resolution, etc.) through the several stages of consideration
and action; as, during its passage through Congress the bill was
amended in both Houses. (b) The advancement of a bill or other
proposition from one stage to another by an affirmative vote; esp.,
the final affirmative action of the body upon a proposition; hence,
adoption; enactment; as, the passage of the bill to its third reading
was delayed. "The passage of the Stamp Act." D. Hosack.
The final question was then put upon its passage. Cushing.
In passage, in passing; cursorily. "These . . . have been studied but
in passage." Bacon.
 -- Middle passage, Northeast passage, Northwest passage. See under
Middle, Northeast, etc.
 -- Of passage, passing from one place, region, or climate, to
another; migratory; -- said especially of birds "Birds of passage."
Longfellow.
 -- Passage hawk, a hawk taken on its passage or migration.
 -- Passage money, money paid for conveyance of a passenger, --
usually for carrying passengers by water.

Syn.
 -- Vestibule; hall; corridor. See Vestibule.

PASSAGER
Pas"sa*ger, n. Etym: [See Passenger.]

Defn: A passenger; a bird or boat of passage. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

PASSAGEWAY
Pas"sage*way`, n.

Defn: A way for passage; a hall. See Passage, 5.

PASSANT
Pas"sant, a. Etym: [F., p.pr. of passer. See Pass, v. i.]

1. Passing from one to another; in circulation; current. [Obs.]
Many opinions are passant. Sir T. Browne.

2. Curs [Obs.]
On a passant rewiew of what I wrote to the bishop. Sir P. Pett.

3. Surpassing; excelling. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. (Her.)

Defn: Walking; -- said of any animal on an escutcheon, which is
represented as walking with the dexter paw raised.

PASSE; PASSEE
Pas`sé", masc. Pas`sé"e, fem., a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Past; gone by; hence, past one's prime; worn; faded; as, a
passée belle. Ld. Lytton.

PASSEGARDE
Passe"garde`, n. Etym: [F.] (Anc. Armor)

Defn: A ridge or projecting edge on a shoulder piece to turn the blow
of a lance or other weapon from the joint of the armor.

PASSEMENT
Passe"ment, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Lace, gimp, braid etc., sewed on a garment. Sir W. Scott.

PASSEMENTERIE
Passe*men"terie, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Beaded embroidery for women's dresses.

PASSENGER
Pas"sen*ger, n. Etym: [OE. & F. passager. See Passage, and cf.
Messenger.]

1. A passer or passer-by; a wayfarer. Shak.

2. A traveler by some established conveyance, as a coach, steamboat,
railroad train, etc. Passenger falcon (Zoöl.), a migratory hawk.
Ainsworth.
 -- Passenger pigeon (Zoöl.), the common wild pigeon of North America
(Ectopistes migratorius), so called on account of its extensive
migrations.

PASSENGER MILE
Pas"sen*ger mile. (Railroads)

Defn: A unit of measurement of the passenger transportation performed
by a railroad during a given period, usually a year, the total of
which consists of the sum of the miles traversed by all the
passengers on the road in the period in question.

PASSENGER MILEAGE
Passenger mileage. (Railroads)

Defn: Passenger miles collectively; the total number of miles
traveled by passengers on a railroad during a given period.

PASSE PARTOUT
Passe" par`tout", n. Etym: [F., from passer to pass + partout
everywhere.]

1. That by which one can pass anywhere; a safe-conduct. [Obs.]
Dryden.

2. A master key; a latchkey.

3. A light picture frame or mat of cardboard, wood, or the like,
usually put between the picture and the glass, and sometimes serving
for several pictures.

PASSER
Pass"er, n.

Defn: One who passes; a passenger.

PASSER-BY
Pass`er-by", n.

Defn: One who goes by; a passer.

PASSERES
Pas"se*res, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. passer a sparrow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order, or suborder, of birds, including more that half of
all the known species. It embraces all singing birds (Oscines),
together with many other small perching birds.

PASSERIFORM
Pas*ser"i*form, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or belonging to the Passeres.

PASSERINE
Pas"ser*ine, a. Etym: [L. passerinus, fr. passer a sparrow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Passeres.
The columbine, gallinaceous, and passerine tribes people the fruit
trees. Sydney Smith.

PASSERINE
Pas"ser*ine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Passeres.

PASSIBILITY
Pas`si*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. passibilitas: cf. F. passibilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being passible; aptness to feel or
suffer; sensibility. Hakewill.

PASSIBLE
Pas"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. passibilis, fr. pati, to suffer: cf. F.
passible. See Passion.]

Defn: Susceptible of feeling or suffering, or of impressions from
external agents.
Apolinarius, which held even deity itself passible. Hooker.

PASSIBLENESS
Pas"si*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Passibility. Brerewood.

PASSIFLORA
Pas"si*flo"ra, n. Etym: [NL., from L. passio passion (fr. pati,
passus, to suffer) + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, including the passion flower. It is the type
of the order Passifloreæ, which includes about nineteen genera and
two hundred and fifty species.

PASSIM
Pas"sim, adv. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Here and there; everywhere; as, this word occurs passim in the
poem.

PASSING
Pass"ing, n.

Defn: The act of one who, or that which, passes; the act of going by
or away. Passing bell, a tolling of a bell to announce that a soul is
passing, or has passed, from its body (formerly done to invoke
prayers for the dying); also, a tolling during the passing of a
funeral procession to the grave, or during funeral ceremonies. Sir W.
Scott. Longfellow.

PASSING
Pass"ing, a.

1. Relating to the act of passing or going; going by, beyond,
through, or away; departing.

2. Exceeding; surpassing, eminent. Chaucer. "Her passing deformity."
Shak. Passing note (Mus.), a character including a passing tone.
 -- Passing tone (Mus.), a tone introduced between two other tones,
on an unaccented portion of a measure, for the sake of smoother
melody, but forming no essential part of the harmony.

PASSING
Pass"ing, adv.

Defn: Exceedingly; excessively; surpassingly; as, passing fair;
passing strange. "You apprehend passing shrewdly." Shak.

PASSINGLY
Pass"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Exceedingly. Wyclif.

PASSION
Pas"sion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. passio, fr. pati, passus, to suffer.
See Patient.]

1. A suffering or enduring of imposed or inflicted pain; any
suffering or distress (as, a cardiac passion); specifically, the
suffering of Christ between the time of the last supper and his
death, esp. in the garden upon the cross. "The passions of this
time." Wyclif (Rom. viii. 18).
To whom also he showed himself alive after his passion, by many
infallible proofs. Acts i. 3.

2. The state of being acted upon; subjection to an external agent or
influence; a passive condition; -- opposed to action.
A body at rest affords us no idea of any active power to move, and,
when set is motion, it is rather a passion than an action in it.
Locke.

3. Capacity of being affected by external agents; susceptibility of
impressions from external agents. [R.]
Moldable and not moldable, scissible and not scissible, and many
other passions of matter. Bacon.

4. The state of the mind when it is powerfully acted upon and
influenced by something external to itself; the state of any
particular faculty which, under such conditions, becomes extremely
sensitive or uncontrollably excited; any emotion or sentiment
(specifically, love or anger) in a state of abnormal or controlling
activity; an extreme or inordinate desire; also, the capacity or
susceptibility of being so affected; as, to be in a passion; the
passions of love, hate, jealously, wrath, ambition, avarice, fear,
etc.; a passion for war, or for drink; an orator should have passion
as well as rhetorical skill. "A passion fond even to idolatry."
Macaulay. "Her passion is to seek roses." Lady M. W. Montagu.
We also are men of like passions with you. Acts xiv. 15.
The nature of the human mind can not be sufficiently understood,
without considering the affections and passions, or those
modifications or actions of the mind consequent upon the apprehension
of certain objects or events in which the mind generally conceives
good or evil. Hutcheson.
The term passion, and its adverb passionately, often express a very
strong predilection for any pursuit, or object of taste -- a kind of
enthusiastic fondness for anything. Cogan.
The bravery of his grief did put me Into a towering passion. Shak.
The ruling passion, be it what it will, The ruling passion conquers
reason still. Pope.
Who walked in every path of human life, Felt every passion. Akenside.
When statesmen are ruled by faction and interest, they can have no
passion for the glory of their country. Addison.

5. Disorder of the mind; madness. [Obs.] Shak.

6. Passion week. See Passion week, below. R. of Gl. Passion flower
(Bot.), any flower or plant of the genus Passiflora; -- so named from
a fancied resemblance of parts of the flower to the instruments of
our Savior's crucifixion.

Note: The flowers are showy, and the fruit is sometimes highly
esteemed (see Granadilla, and Maypop). The roots and leaves are
generally more or less noxious, and are used in medicine. The plants
are mostly tendril climbers, and are commonest in the warmer parts of
America, though a few species are Asiatic or Australian. Passion
music (Mus.), originally, music set to the gospel narrative of the
passion of our Lord; after the Reformation, a kind of oratorio, with
narrative, chorals, airs, and choruses, having for its theme the
passion and crucifixion of Christ.
 -- Passion play, a mystery play, in which the scenes connected with
the passion of our Savior are represented dramatically.
 -- Passion Sunday (Eccl.), the fifth Sunday in Lent, or the second
before Easter.
 -- Passion Week, the last week but one in Lent, or the second week
preceding Easter. "The name of Passion week is frequently, but
improperly, applied to Holy Week." Shipley.

Syn.
 -- Passion, Feeling, Emotion. When any feeling or emotion completely
masters the mind, we call it a passion; as, a passion for music,
dress, etc.; especially is anger (when thus extreme) called passion.
The mind, in such cases, is considered as having lost its self-
control, and become the passive instrument of the feeling in
question.

PASSION
Pas"sion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Passioned; p.pr & vb. n. Passioning.]

Defn: To give a passionate character to. [R.] Keats.

PASSION
Pas"sion, v. i.

Defn: To suffer pain or sorrow; to experience a passion; to be
extremely agitated. [Obs.] "Dumbly she passions, frantically she
doteth." Shak.

PASSIONAL
Pas"sion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to passion or the passions; exciting,
influenced by, or ministering to, the passions.
 -- n.

Defn: A passionary.

PASSIONARY
Pas"sion*a*ry, n. Etym: [L. passionarius: cf. F. passionaire.]

Defn: A book in which are described the sufferings of saints and
martyrs. T. Warton.

PASSIONATE
Pas"sion*ate, a. Etym: [LL. passionatus: cf. F. passionné.]

1. Capable or susceptible of passion, or of different passions;
easily moved, excited or agitated; specifically, easily moved to
anger; irascible; quick-tempered; as, a passionate nature.
Homer's Achilles is haughty and passionate. Prior.

2. Characterized by passion; expressing passion; ardent in feeling or
desire; vehement; warm; as, a passionate friendship. "The passionate
Pilgrim." Shak.

3. Suffering; sorrowful. [Obs.] Shak.

PASSIONATE
Pas"sion*ate, v. i.

1. To affect with passion; to impassion. [Obs.]
Great pleasure, mixed with pitiful regard, The godly kind and queen
did passionate. Spenser.

2. To express feelingly or sorrowfully. [Obs.] Shak.

PASSIONATELY
Pas"sion*ate*ly, adv.

1. In a passionate manner; with strong feeling; ardently.
Sorrow expresses itself . . . loudly and passionately. South.

2. Angrily; irascibly. Locke.

PASSIONATENESS
Pas"sion*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being passionate.

PASSIONIST
Pas"sion*ist, n. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A member of a religious order founded in Italy in 1737, and
introduced into the United States in 1852. The members of the order
unite the austerities of the Trappists with the activity and zeal of
the Jesuits and Lazarists. Called also Barefooted Clerks of the Most
Holy Cross.

PASSIONLESS
Pas"sion*less, a.

Defn: Void of passion; without anger or emotion; not easily excited;
calm. "Self-contained and passionless." Tennyson.

PASSIONTIDE
Pas"sion*tide`, n. Etym: [Passion + tide time.]

Defn: The last fortnight of Lent.

PASSIVE
Pas"sive, a. Etym: [L. passivus: cf. F. passif. See Passion.]

1. Not active, but acted upon; suffering or receiving impressions or
influences; as, they were passive spectators, not actors in the
scene.
The passive air Upbore their nimble tread. Milton.
The mind is wholly passive in the reception of all its simple ideas.
Locke.

2. Receiving or enduring without either active sympathy or active
resistance; without emotion or excitement; patient; not opposing;
unresisting; as, passive obedience; passive submission.
The best virtue, passive fortitude. Massinger.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: Inactive; inert; not showing strong affinity; as, red
phosphorus is comparatively passive.

4. (Med.)

Defn: Designating certain morbid conditions, as hemorrhage or dropsy,
characterized by relaxation of the vessels and tissues, with
deficient vitality and lack of reaction in the affected tissues.
Passive congestion (Med.), congestion due to obstruction to the
return of the blood from the affected part.
 -- Passive iron (Chem.), iron which has been subjected to the action
of heat, of strong nitric acid, chlorine, etc. It is then not easily
acted upon by acids.
 -- Passive movement (Med.), a movement of a part, in order to
exercise it, made without the assistance of the muscles which
ordinarily move the part.
 -- Passive obedience (as used by writers on government), obedience
or submission of the subject or citizen as a duty in all cases to the
existing government.
 -- Passive prayer, among mystic divines, a suspension of the
activity of the soul or intellectual faculties, the soul remaining
quiet, and yielding only to the impulses of grace.
 -- Passive verb, or Passive voice (Gram.), a verb, or form of a
verb, which expresses the effect of the action of some agent; as, in
Latin, doceor, I am taught; in English, she is loved; the picture is
admired by all; he is assailed by slander.

Syn.
 -- Inactive; inert; quiescent; unresisting; unopposing; suffering;
enduring; submissive; patient.

PASSIVE BALLOON; PASSIVE AEROPLANE
Pas"sive bal*loon" or a"ër*o*plane.

Defn: One unprovided with motive power.

PASSIVE FLIGHT
Passive flight.

Defn: Flight, such as gliding and soaring, accomplished without the
use of motive power.

PASSIVELY
Pas"sive*ly, adv.

1. In a passive manner; inertly; unresistingly.

2. As a passive verb; in the passive voice.

PASSIVENESS
Pas"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being passive; unresisting submission.
To be an effect implies passiveness, or the being subject to the
power and action of its cause. J. Edwards.

PASSIVITY
Pas*siv"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. passivité.]

1. Passiveness; -- opposed to activity. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Physics)

Defn: The tendency of a body to remain in a given state, either of
motion or rest, till disturbed by another body; inertia. Cheyne.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: The quality or condition of any substance which has no
inclination to chemical activity; inactivity.

PASS-KEY
Pass"-key`, n.

Defn: A key for opening more locks than one; a master key.

PASSLESS
Pass"less, a.

Defn: Having no pass; impassable. Cowley.

PASSMAN
Pass"man, n.; pl. Passmen (.

Defn: One who passes for a degree, without honors. See Classman, 2.
[Eng. Univ.]

PASSOVER
Pass"o`ver, n. Etym: [Pass + over. See Pasch.] (Jewish Antiq.)
(a) A feast of the Jews, instituted to commemorate the sparing of the
Hebrews in Egypt, when God, smiting the firstborn of the Egyptians,
passed over the houses of the Israelites which were marked with the
blood of a lamb.
(b) The sacrifice offered at the feast of the passover; the paschal
lamb. Ex. xii.

PASS-PAROLE
Pass`-pa*role", n. Etym: [F. passe-parole.] (Mil.)

Defn: An order passed from front to rear by word of mouth.

PASSPORT
Pass"port (, n. Etym: [F. passeport, orig., a permission to leave a
port or to sail into it; passer to pass + port a port, harbor. See
Pass, and Port a harbor.]

1. Permission to pass; a document given by the competent officer of a
state, permitting the person therein named to pass or travel from
place to place, without molestation, by land or by water.
Caution in granting passports to Ireland. Clarendon.

2. A document carried by neutral merchant vessels in time of war, to
certify their nationality and protect them from belligerents; a sea
letter.

3. A license granted in time of war for the removal of persons and
effects from a hostile country; a safe-conduct. Burrill.

4. Figuratively: Anything which secures advancement and general
acceptance. Sir P. Sidney.
His passport is his innocence and grace. Dryden.

PASSUS
Pas"sus, n.; pl. L. Passus, E. Passuses (. Etym: [L., a step, a pace.
See Pace.]

Defn: A division or part; a canto; as, the passus of Piers Plowman.
See 2d Fit.

PASSWORD
Pass"word`, n.

Defn: A word to be given before a person is allowed to pass; a
watchword; a countersign. Macaulay.

PASSYMEASURE
Pas"sy*meas`ure, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. It. passamezzo.] [Obs.]

Defn: See Paspy. Shak.

PAST
Past, a. Etym: [From Pass, v.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a former time or state; neither present nor
future; gone by; elapsed; ended; spent; as, past troubles; past
offences. "Past ages." Milton. Past master. See under Master.

PAST
Past, n.

Defn: A former time or state; a state of things gone by. "The past,
at least, is secure." D. Webster.
The present is only intelligible in the light of the past, often a
very remote past indeed. Trench.

PAST
Past, prep.

1. Beyond, in position, or degree; further than; beyond the reach or
influence of. "Who being past feeling." Eph. iv. 19. "Galled past
endurance." Macaulay.
Until we be past thy borders. Num. xxi. 22.
Love, when once past government, is consequently past shame.
L'Estrange.

2. Beyond, in time; after; as, past the hour.
Is it not past two o'clock Shak.

3. Above; exceeding; more than. [R.]
Not past three quarters of a mile. Shak.
Bows not past three quarters of a yard long. Spenser.

PAST
Past, adv.

Defn: By; beyond; as, he ran past.
The alarum of drums swept past. Longfellow.

PASTE
Paste, n. Etym: [OF. paste, F. pâte, L. pasta, fr. Gr. Pasty, n.,
Patty.]

1. A soft composition, as of flour moistened with water or milk, or
of earth moistened to the consistence of dough, as in making potter's
ware.

2. Specifically, in cookery, a dough prepared for the crust of pies
and the like; pastry dough.

3. A kind of cement made of flour and water, starch and water, or the
like, -- used for uniting paper or other substances, as in
bookbinding, etc., -- also used in calico printing as a vehicle for
mordant or color.

4. A highly refractive vitreous composition, variously colored, used
in making imitations of precious stones or gems. See Strass.

5. A soft confection made of the inspissated juice of fruit,
licorice, or the like, with sugar, etc.

6. (Min.)

Defn: The mineral substance in which other minerals are imbedded.
Paste eel (Zoöl.), the vinegar eel. See under Vinegar.

PASTE
Paste, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pasting.]

Defn: To unite with paste; to fasten or join by means of paste.

PASTEBOARD
Paste"board`, n.

1. A stiff thick kind of paper board, formed of several single sheets
pasted one upon another, or of paper macerated and pressed into
molds, etc.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: A board on which pastry dough is rolled; a molding board.

PASTEL
Pas"tel, n. Etym: [F.; cf. It. pastello. Cf. Pastil.]

1. A crayon made of a paste composed of a color ground with gum
water. [Sometimes incorrectly written pastil.] "Charming heads in
pastel." W. Black.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant affording a blue dye; the woad (Isatis tinctoria);
also, the dye itself.

PASTER
Past"er, n.

1. One who pastes; as, a paster in a government department.

2. A slip of paper, usually bearing a name, intended to be pasted by
the voter, as a substitute, over another name on a printed ballot.
[Cant, U.S.]

PASTERN
Pas"tern, n. Etym: [Of. pasturon, F. pâturon, fr. OF. pasture a
tether, for beasts while pasturing; prop., a pasturing. See Pasture.]

1. The part of the foot of the horse, and allied animals, between the
fetlock and the coffin joint. See Illust. of Horse.

Note: The upper bone, or phalanx, of the foot is called the great
pastern bone; the second, the small pastern bone; and the third, in
the hoof, the coffin bone. Pastern joint, the joint in the hoof of
the horse, and allied animals, between the great and small pastern
bones.

2. A shackle for horses while pasturing. Knight.

3. A patten. [Obs.] Dryden.

PASTEURIAN
Pas*teur"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Pasteur.

PASTEURISM
Pas*teur"ism, n. Etym: [Fr. Pasteur, a French scientist.]

1. A method of treatment, devised by Pasteur, for preventing certain
diseases, as hydrophobia, by successive inoculations with an
attenuated virus of gradually increasing strength.

2. Pasteurization.

PASTEURIZATION
Pas*teur`i*za"tion, n.

Defn: A process devised by Pasteur for preventing or checking
fermentation in fluids, such as wines, milk, etc., by exposure to a
temperature of 140º F., thus destroying the vitality of the contained
germs or ferments.

PASTEURIZE
Pas*teur"ize, v. t.

1. To subject to pasteurization.

2. To treat by pasteurizm.

PASTEURIZER
Pas"teur*iz`er, n.

Defn: One that Pasteurizes, specif. an apparatus for heating and
agitating, fluid.

PASTEUR'S FLUID
Pas`teur's" flu"id. (Biol.)

Defn: An artificial nutrient fluid invented by Pasteur for the study
of alcoholic fermentation, but used also for the cultivation of
bacteria and other organisms. It contains all the elements of
protoplasm, and was originally made of the ash of yeast, some ammonia
compound, sugar, and water.

PASTICCIO
Pas*tic"ci*o, n. Etym: [It., fr. pasta. See Paste.]

1. A medley; an olio. [R.] H. Swinburne.

2. (Fine Arts)
(a) A work of art imitating directly the work of another artist, or
of more artists than one.
(b) A falsified work of art, as a vase or statue made up of parts of
original works, with missing parts supplied.

PASTIL; PASTILLE
Pas"til, Pas*tille", n. Etym: [F. pastille, L. pastillusa pastus
food. See Pasture, and cf. Pastel.]

1. (Pharmacy)

Defn: A small cone or mass made of paste of gum, benzoin, cinnamon,
and other aromatics, -- used for fumigating or scenting the air of a
room.

2. An aromatic or medicated lozenge; a troche.

3. See Pastel, a crayon.

PASTIME
Pas"time`, n. Etym: [Pass + time: cf. F. passetemps.]

Defn: That which amuses, and serves to make time pass agreeably;
sport; amusement; diversion.

PASTIME
Pas"time`, v. i.

Defn: To sport; to amuse one's self. [R.]

PASTOR
Pas"tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. pascere, pastum, to pasture, to feed. Cf.
Pabulum, Pasture, Food.]

1. A shepherd; one who has the care of flocks and herds.

2. A guardian; a keeper; specifically (Eccl.), a minister having the
charge of a church and parish.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of starling (Pastor roseus), native of the plains of
Western Asia and Eastern Europe. Its head is crested and glossy
greenish black, and its back is rosy. It feeds largely upon locusts.

PASTORAGE
Pas"tor*age, n.

Defn: The office, jurisdiction, or duty, of a pastor; pastorate.

PASTORAL
Pas"tor*al, a. Etym: [L. pastoralis: cf. F. pastoral. See Pastor.]

1. Of or pertaining to shepherds; hence, relating to rural life and
scenes; as, a pastoral life.

2. Relating to the care of souls, or to the pastor of a church; as,
pastoral duties; a pastoral letter. Pastoral staff (Eccl.), a staff,
usually of the form of a shepherd's crook, borne as an official
emblem by a bishop, abbot, abbess, or other prelate privileged to
carry it. See Crook, and Crosier.
 -- Pastoral Theology, that part of theology which treats of the
duties of pastors.

PASTORAL
Pas"tor*al, n.

1. A poem describing the life and manners of shepherds; a poem in
which the speakers assume the character of shepherds; an idyl; a
bucolic.
A pastoral is a poem in which any action or passion is represented by
its effects on a country life. Rambler.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A cantata relating to rural life; a composition for instruments
characterized by simplicity and sweetness; a lyrical composition the
subject of which is taken from rural life. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: A letter of a pastor to his charge; specifically, a letter
addressed by a bishop to his diocese; also (Prot. Epis. Ch.), a
letter of the House of Bishops, to be read in each parish.

PASTORALE
Pas`to*ra"le, n. Etym: [It.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A composition in a soft, rural style, generally in 6-8 or 12-8
time.

2. A kind of dance; a kind of figure used in a dance.

PASTORALLY
Pas"tor*al*ly, adv.

1. In a pastoral or rural manner.

2. In the manner of a pastor.

PASTORATE
Pas"tor*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pastorat. See Pastor.]

Defn: The office, state, or jurisdiction of a pastor.

PASTORIUM
Pas*to"ri*um, n. [See Pastor; cf. Auditorium.]

Defn: A parsonage; -- so called in some Baptist churches. [Southern
U. S.]

PASTORLESS
Pas"tor*less, a.

Defn: Having no pastor.

PASTORLING
Pas"tor*ling, n.

Defn: An insignificant pastor. [R.]

PASTORLY
Pas"tor*ly, a.

Defn: Appropriate to a pastor. Milton.

PASTORSHIP
Pas"tor*ship, n.

Defn: Pastorate. Bp. Bull.

PASTRY
Pas"try, n.; pl. Pastries (.

1. The place where pastry is made. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Articles of food made of paste, or having a crust made of paste,
as pies, tarts, etc. Pastry cook, one whose occupation is to make
pastry; as, the pastry cook of a hotel.

PASTURABLE
Pas"tur*a*ble, a.

Defn: Fit for pasture.

PASTURAGE
Pas"tur*age, n. Etym: [OF. pasturage, F. pâturage. See Pasture.]

1. Grazing ground; grass land used for pasturing; pasture.

2. Grass growing for feed; grazing.

3. The business of feeding or grazing cattle.

PASTURE
Pas"ture, n. Etym: [OF. pasture, F. pâture, L. pastura, fr. pascere,
pastum, to pasture, to feed. See Pastor.]

1. Food; nourishment. [Obs.]
Toads and frogs his pasture poisonous. Spenser.

2. Specifically: Grass growing for the food of cattle; the food of
cattle taken by grazing.

3. Grass land for cattle, horses, etc.; pasturage.
He maketh me to lie down in green pastures. Ps. xxiii. 2.
So graze as you find pasture. Shak.

PASTURE
Pas"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pastured; p. pr. & vb. n. Pasturing.]

Defn: To feed, esp. to feed on growing grass; to supply grass as food
for; as, the farmer pastures fifty oxen; the land will pasture forty
cows.

PASTURE
Pas"ture, v. i.

Defn: To feed on growing grass; to graze.

PASTURELESS
Pas"ture*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of pasture. Milton.

PASTURER
Pas"tur*er, n.

Defn: One who pastures; one who takes cattle to graze. See Agister.

PASTY
Pas"ty, a.

Defn: Like paste, as in color, softness, stickness. "A pasty
complexion." G. Eliot.

PASTY
Pas"ty, n.; pl. Pasties. Etym: [OF. pasté, F. pâté. See Paste, and
cf. Patty.]

Defn: A pie consisting usually of meat wholly surrounded with a crust
made of a sheet of paste, and often baked without a dish; a meat pie.
"If ye pinch me like a pasty." Shak. "Apple pasties." Dickens.
A large pasty baked in a pewter platter. Sir W. Scott.

PAT
Pat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patted; p. pr. & vb. n. Patting.] Etym: [Cf.
G. patschen, Prov. G. patzen, to strike, tap.]

Defn: To strike gently with the fingers or hand; to stroke lightly;
to tap; as, to pat a dog.
Gay pats my shoulder, and you vanish quite. Pope.

PAT
Pat, n.

1. A light, quik blow or stroke with the fingers or hand; a tap.

2. A small mass, as of butter, shaped by pats.
It looked like a tessellated work of pats of butter. Dickens.

PAT
Pat, a. Etym: [Cf. pat a light blow, D. te pas convenient, pat, where
pas is fr. F. passer to pass.]

Defn: Exactly suitable; fit; convenient; timely. "Pat allusion."
Barrow.

PAT
Pat, adv.

Defn: In a pat manner.
I foresaw then 't would come in pat hereafter. Sterne.

PATACA
Pa*ta"ca, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: The Spanish dollar; -- called also patacoon. [Obs.]

PATACHE
Pa`tache", n. Etym: [F. & Sp. patache, P. patacho.] (Naut.)

Defn: A tender to a fleet, formerly used for conveying men, orders,
or treasure. [Spain & Portugal]

PATACOON
Pa`ta*coon", n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: See Pataca.

PATAGIUM
Pa*ta"gi*um, n.; pl. Patagia. Etym: [L., an edge or border.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: In bats, an expansion of the integument uniting the fore limb
with the body and extending between the elongated fingers to form the
wing; in birds, the similar fold of integument uniting the fore limb
with the body.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a pair of small vesicular organs situated at the bases
of the anterior wings of lepidopterous insects. See Illust. of
Butterfly.

PATAGONIAN
Pat`a*go"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Patagonia.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Patagonia.

PATAMAR
Pat"a*mar, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel resembling a grab, used in the coasting trade of
Bombay and Ceylon. [Written also pattemar.]

PATAS
Pa*tas", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African long-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus ruber); the
red monkey.

PATAVINITY
Pat`a*vin"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. patavinitas, fr. Patavium: cf. F.
patavinité]

Defn: The use of local or provincial words, as in the peculiar style
or diction of Livy, the Roman historian; -- so called from Patavium,
now Padua, the place of Livy's nativity.

PATCH
Patch, n. Etym: [OE. pacche; of uncertain origin, perh. for placche;
cf. Prov. E. platch patch, LG. plakk, plakke.]

1. A piece of cloth, or other suitable material, sewed or otherwise
fixed upon a garment to repair or strengthen it, esp. upon an old
garment to cover a hole.
Patches set upon a little breach. Shak.

2. Hence: A small piece of anything used to repair a breach; as, a
patch on a kettle, a roof, etc.

3. A small piece of black silk stuck on the face, or neck, to hide a
defect, or to heighten beauty.
Your black patches you wear variously. Beau. & Fl.

4. (Gun.)

Defn: A piece of greased cloth or leather used as wrapping for a
rifle ball, to make it fit the bore.

5. Fig.: Anything regarded as a patch; a small piece of ground; a
tract; a plot; as, scattered patches of trees or growing corn.
Employed about this patch of ground. Bunyan.

6. (Mil.)

Defn: A block on the muzzle of a gun, to do away with the effect of
dispart, in sighting.

7. A paltry fellow; a rogue; a ninny; a fool. [Obs. or Colloq.] "Thou
scurvy patch." Shak. Patch ice, ice in overlapping pieces in the sea.
 -- Soft patch, a patch for covering a crack in a metallic vessel, as
a steam boiler, consisting of soft material, as putty, covered and
held in place by a plate bolted or riveted fast.

PATCH
Patch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patched; p. pr. & vb. n. Patching.]

1. To mend by sewing on a piece or pieces of cloth, leather, or the
like; as, to patch a coat.

2. To mend with pieces; to repair with pieces festened on; to repair
clumsily; as, to patch the roof of a house.

3. To adorn, as the face, with a patch or patches.
Ladies who patched both sides of their faces. Spectator.

4. To make of pieces or patches; to repair as with patches; to
arrange in a hasty or clumsy manner; -- generally with up; as, to
patch up a truce. "If you'll patch a quarrel." Shak.

PATCHER
Patch"er, n.

Defn: One who patches or botches. Foxe.

PATCHERY
Patch"er*y, n.

Defn: Botchery; covering of defects; bungling; hypocrisy. [R.] Shak.

PATCHINGLY
Patch"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Knavishy; deceitfully. [Obs.]

PATCHOULI; PATCHOULY
Pa*tchou"li, Pa*tchou"ly, n. Etym: [CF. F. patchouli; prob. of East
Indian origin.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A mintlike plant (Pogostemon Patchouli) of the East Indies,
yielding an essential oil from which a highly valued perfume is made.

2. The perfume made from this plant. Patchouly camphor (Chem.), a
substance homologous with and resembling borneol, found in patchouly
oil.

PATCHWORK
Patch"work`, n.

Defn: Work composed of pieces sewed together, esp. pieces of various
colors and figures; hence, anything put together of incongruous or
ill-adapted parts; something irregularly clumsily composed; a thing
putched up. Swift.

PATCHY
Patch"y, a.

Defn: Full of, or covered with, patches; abounding in patches.

PATE
Pa`té", a. (Her.)

Defn: See Patté.

PATE
Pa`té", n. Etym: [F. pâté.]

1. A pie. See Patty.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: A kind of platform with a parapet, usually of an oval form, and
generally erected in marshy grounds to cover a gate of a fortified
place. [R.]

PATE
Pate, n. Etym: [Cf. LG. & Prov. G. pattkopf, patzkopf, scabby head;
patt, patz, scab + kopf head.]

1. The head of a person; the top, or crown, of the head. [Now
generally used in contempt or ridicule.]
His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent dealing
shall come down upon his own pate. Ps. vii. 16.
Fat paunches have lean pate. Shak.

2. The skin of a calf's head.

PATED
Pat"ed, a.

Defn: Having a pate; -- used only in composition; as, long-pated;
shallow-pated.

PATEE
Pa*tee", n.

Defn: See Pattee.

PATEFACTION
Pat`e*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. patefactio, fr. patefacere to open;
patere to lie open + facere to make.]

Defn: The act of opening, disclosing, or manifesting; open
declaration. Jer. Taylor.

PATELA
Pat"e*la, n. Etym: [Hind. patela.]

Defn: A large flat-bottomed trading boat peculiar to the river
Ganges; -- called also puteli.

PATELLA
Pa*tel"la, n.; pl. Patellæ. Etym: [L., a small pan, the kneepan, dim.
of patina, patena, a pan, dish.]

1. A small dish, pan, or vase.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The kneepan; the cap of the knee.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine gastropods, including many species of
limpets. The shell has the form of a flattened cone. The common
European limpet (Patella vulgata) is largely used for food.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of apothecium in lichens, which is orbicular, flat, and
sessile, and has a special rim not a part of the thallus.

PATELLAR
Pa*tel"lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the patella, or kneepan.

PATELLIFORM
Pa*tel"li*form, a. Etym: [Patella + form: cf. F. pattelliforme.]

1. Having the form of a patella.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling a limpet of the genus Patella.

PATELLULA
Pa*tel"lu*la, n.; pl. Patellulæ. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. patella. See
Patella.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cuplike sucker on the feet of certain insects.

PATEN
Pat"en, n. Etym: [LL. patina, patena, fr. L. patina, patena, a pan;
cf. L. patere to be open, E. patent, and Gr. patène. Cf. Patina.]

1. A plate. [Obs.]

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: The place on which the consecrated bread is placed in the
Eucharist, or on which the host is placed during the Mass. It is
usually small, and formed as to fit the chalice, or cup, as a cover.
[Written also patin, patine.]

PATENA
Pat"e*na, n. Etym: [LL.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A paten.

PATENA
Pa*te"na, n. Etym: [Cf. Pg. patena a paten.]

Defn: A grassy expanse in the hill region of Ceylon.

PATENCY
Pa"ten*cy, n. Etym: [See Patent.]

1. The condition of being open, enlarged, or spread.

2. The state of being patent or evident.

PATENT
Pat"ent (pât"ent or pat"ent), a. Etym: [L. patens, -entis, p.pr. of
patere to be open: cf. F. patent. Cf. Fathom.]

1.

Note: (Oftener pronounced pat"ent in this sense)

Defn: Open; expanded; evident; apparent; unconcealed; manifest;
public; conspicuous.
He had received instructions, both patent and secret. Motley.

2. Open to public perusal; -- said of a document conferring some
right or privilege; as, letters patent. See Letters patent, under 3d
Letter.

3. Appropriated or protected by letters patent; secured by official
authority to the exclusive possession, control, and disposal of some
person or party; patented; as, a patent right; patent medicines.
Madder . . . in King Charles the First's time, was made a patent
commodity. Mortimer.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Spreading; forming a nearly right angle with the steam or
branch; as, a patent leaf. Patent leather, a varnished or lacquered
leather, used for boots and shoes, and in carriage and harness work.
 -- Patent office, a government bureau for the examination of
inventions and the granting of patents.
 -- Patent right. (a) The exclusive right to an invention, and the
control of its manufacture. (b) (Law) The right, granted by the
sovereign, of exclusive control of some business of manufacture, or
of the sale of certain articles, or of certain offices or
prerogatives.
 -- Patent rolls, the registers, or records, of patents.

PATENT
Pat"ent, n. Etym: [Cf. F. patente. See Patent, a.]

1. A letter patent, or letters patent; an official document, issued
by a sovereign power, conferring a right or privilege on some person
or party. Specifically:
(a) A writing securing to an invention.
(b) A document making a grant and conveyance of public lands.
Four other gentlemen of quality remained mentioned in that patent.
Fuller.

Note: In the United States, by the act of 1870, patents for
inventions are issued for seventeen years, without the privilege of
renewal except by act of Congress.

2. The right or privilege conferred by such a document; hence,
figuratively, a right, privilege, or license of the nature of a
patent.
If you are so fond over her iniquity, give her patent to offend.
Shak.

PATENT
Pat"ent, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patented; p. pr. & vb. n. Patenting.]

Defn: To grant by patent; to make the subject of a patent; to secure
or protect by patent; as, to patent an invention; to patent public
lands.

PATENTABLE
Pat"ent*a*ble, a.

Defn: Suitable to be patented; capable of being patented.

PATENTEE
Pat`ent*ee", n.

Defn: One to whom a grant is made, or a privilege secured, by patent.
Bacon.

PATENT-HAMMERED
Pat"ent-ham"mered, a. (Stone Cutting)

Defn: Having a surface dressed by cutting with a hammer the head of
which consists of broad thin chisels clamped together.

PATENTLY
Pat"ent*ly (; see Patent, a.), adv.

Defn: Openly; evidently.

PATERA
Pat"e*ra, n.; pl. Pateræ(. Etym: [ L., fr. patere to lie open.]

1. A saucerlike vessel of earthenware or metal, used by the Greeks
and Romans in libations and sacrificies.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A circular ornament, resembling a dish, often worked in relief
on friezes, and the like.

PATERERO
Pat`e*re"ro, n.

Defn: See Pederero. [Obs.]

PATERFAMILIAS
Pa`ter*fa*mil`i*as, n.; pl. Pateresfamilias. Etym: [L., fr. pater
father + familias, gen. of familia family.] (Rom. Law)

Defn: The head of a family; in a large sense, the proprietor of an
estate; one who is his own master.

PATERNAL
Pa*ter"nal, a. Etym: [L. paternus, fr. pater a father: cf. F.
paternel. See Father.]

1. Of or pertaining to a father; fatherly; showing the disposition of
a father; guiding or instructing as a father; as, paternal care.
"Under paternal rule." Milton.

2. Received or derived from a father; hereditary; as, a paternal
estate.
Their small paternal field of corn. Dryden.
Paternal government (Polit. Science), the assumption by the governing
power of a quasi-fatherly relation to the people, involving strict
and intimate supervision of their business and social concerns, upon
the theory that they are incapable of managing their own afffairs.

PATERNALISM
Pa*ter"nal*ism, n. (Polit. Science)

Defn: The theory or practice of paternal government. See Paternal
government, under Paternal. London Times.

PATERNALLY
Pa*ter"nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a paternal manner.

PATERNITY
Pa*ter"ni*ty, n. Etym: [L. paternitas: cf. F. paternité. See
Paternal.]

1. The relation of a father to his child; fathership; fatherhood;
family headship; as, the divine paternity.
The world, while it had scarcity of people, underwent no other
dominion than paternity and eldership. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Derivation or descent from a father; male parentage; as, the
paternity of a child.

3. Origin; authorship.
The paternity of these novels was . . . disputed. Sir W. Scott.

PATERNOSTER
Pa"ter*nos`ter, n. Etym: [L., Our Father.]

1. The Lord's prayer, so called from the first two words of the Latin
version.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A beadlike ornament in moldings.

3. (Angling)

Defn: A line with a row of hooks and bead Paternoster pump,
Paternoster wheel, a chain pump; a noria.
 -- Paternoster while, the space of time required for repeating a
paternoster. Udall.

PATESI
Pa*te"si, n. [Assyrian.] (Babylonian Antiq.)

Defn: A religious as well as a secular designation applied to rulers
of some of the city states of ancient Chaldea, as Lagash or
Shirpurla, who were conceived to be direct representatives of the
tutelary god of the place.

PATH
Path, n.; pl. Paths. Etym: [As. pad, G. pfad, of uncertain origin;
cf. Gr. patha, path. sq. root21.]

1. A trodden way; a footway.
The dewy paths of meadows we will tread. Dryden.

2. A way, course, or track, in which anything moves or has moved;
route; passage; an established way; as, the path of a meteor, of a
caravan, of a storm, of a pestilence. Also used figuratively, of a
course of life or action.
All the paths of the Lord are mercy and truth. Ps. xxv. 10.
The paths of glory lead but to the grave. Gray.

PATH
Path, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pathed; pr.p. & vb. n. Pathing.]

Defn: To make a path in, or on (something), or for (some one). [R.]
"Pathing young Henry's unadvised ways." Drayton.

PATH
Path, v. i.

Defn: To walk or go. [R.] Shak.

PATHEMATIC
Path`e*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, emotion or suffering. [R.]
Chalmers.

PATHETIC
Pa*thet"ic, a. Etym: [L. patheticus, Gr. pathétique. See Pathos.]

1. Expressing or showing anger; passionate. [Obs.]

2. Affecting or moving the tender emotions, esp. pity or grief; full
of pathos; as, a pathetic song or story. "Pathetic action." Macaulay.
No theory of the passions can teach a man to be pathetic. E. Porter.
Pathetic muscle (Anat.), the superior oblique muscle of the eye.
 -- Pathetic nerve (Anat.), the fourth cranial, or trochlear, nerve,
which supplies the superior oblique, or pathetic, muscle of the eye.
 -- The pathetic, a style or manner adapted to arouse the tender
emotions.

PATHETICAL
Pa*thet"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pathetic. [R.] -- Pa*thet"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Pa*thet"ic*al*ness, n.

PATHETISM
Path"e*tism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pathétisme.]

Defn: See Mesmerism. L. Sunderland.

PATHFINDER
Path"find`er, n.

Defn: One who discovers a way or path; one who explores untraversed
regions.
The cow is the true pathfinder and pathmaker. J. Burroughs.

PATHIC
Path"ic, n. Etym: [L. pathicus, Gr.

Defn: A male who submits to the crime against nature; a catamite.
[R.] B. Jonson.

PATHIC
Path"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Passive; suffering.

PATHLESS
Path"less, a.

Defn: Having no beaten path or way; untrodden; impenetrable; as,
pathless woods.
Trough the heavens' wide, pathless way. Milton.

PATHMAKER
Path"mak`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, makes a way or path.

PATHOGENE
Path"o*gene, n. Etym: [See Pathogenic.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of a class of virulent microörganisms or bacteria found in
the tissues and fluids in infectious diseases, and supposed to be the
cause of the disease; a pathogenic organism; a pathogenic bacterium;
-- opposed to zymogene.

PATHOGENESIS
Path`o*gen"e*sis, n. (Med.)

Defn: Pathogeny.

PATHOGENETIC
Path`o*ge*net"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pathogenic.

PATHOGENIC
Path`o*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med. & Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to pathogeny; producting disease; as, a
pathogenic organism; a pathogenic bacterium.

PATHOGENY
Pa*thog"e*ny, n. (Med.)
(a) The generation, and method of development, of disease; as, the
pathogeny of yellow fever is unsettled.
(b) That branch of pathology which treats of the generation and
development of disease.

PATHOGNOMONIC
Pa*thog`no*mon"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. pathognomonique. See Gnomic.] (Med.)

Defn: Specially or decisively characteristic of a disease; indicating
with certainty a disease; as, a pathognomonic symptom.
The true pathognomonic sign of love jealousy. Arbuthnot.

PATHOGNOMY
Pa*thog"no*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Expression of the passions; the science of the signs by which
human passions are indicated.

PATHOLOGIC; PATHOLOGICAL
Path`o*log"ic, Path`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. pathologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to pathology.
 -- Path`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

PATHOLOGIST
Pa*thol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pathologiste.]

Defn: One skilled in pathology; an investigator in pathology; as, the
pathologist of a hospital, whose duty it is to determine the causes
of the diseases.

PATHOLOGY
Pa*thol"o*gy, n.; pl. Pathologies. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F.
pathologie.] (Med.)

Defn: The science which treats of diseases, their nature, causes,
progress, symptoms, etc.

Note: Pathology is general or special, according as it treats of
disease or morbid processes in general, or of particular diseases; it
is also subdivided into internal and external, or medical and
surgical pathology. Its departments are nosology, ætiology, morbid
anatomy, symptomatology, and therapeutics, which treat respectively
of the classification, causation, organic changes, symptoms, and cure
of diseases. Celluar pathology, a theory that gives prominence to the
vital action of cells in the healthy and diseased function of the
body. Virchow.

PATHOPOELA
Path`o*poe"la, n.; pl. -ias. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A speech, or figure of speech, designed to move the passion.
Smart.

PATHOS
Pa"thos, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. pati to suffer, E. patient.]

Defn: That quality or property of anything which touches the feelings
or excites emotions and passions, esp., that which awakens tender
emotions, such as pity, sorrow, and the like; contagious warmth of
feeling, action, or expression; pathetic quality; as, the pathos of a
picture, of a poem, or of a cry.
The combination of incident, and the pathos of catastrophe. T.
Warton.

PATHWAY
Path"way n.

Defn: A footpath; a beaten track; any path or course. Also used
figuratively. Shak.
In the way of righteousness is life; and in the pathway thereof is no
death. Prov. xii. 28.
We tread the pathway arm in arm. Sir W. Scott.

PATIBLE
Pat"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. patibilis, fr. pati to suffer.]

Defn: Sufferable; tolerable; endurable. [Obs.] Bailey.

PATIBULARY
Pa*tib"u*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. patibulum a gallows: cf. F.
patibulaire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the gallows, or to execution. [R.] Carlyle.

PATIBULATED
Pa*tib"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: Hanged on a gallows. [R.]

PATIENCE
Pa"tience, n. Etym: [F. patience, fr. L. patientia. See Patient.]

1. The state or quality of being patient; the power of suffering with
fortitude; uncomplaining endurance of evils or wrongs, as toil, pain,
poverty, insult, oppression, calamity, etc.
Strenthened with all might, . . . unto all patience and long-
suffering. Col. i. 11.
I must have patience to endure the load. Shak.
Who hath learned lowliness From his Lord's cradle, patience from his
cross. Keble.

2. The act or power of calmly or contentedly waiting for something
due or hoped for; forbearance.
Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. Matt. xviii. 29.

3. Constancy in labor or application; perseverance.
He learned with patience, and with meekness taught. Harte.

4. Sufferance; permission. [Obs.] Hooker.
They stay upon your patience. Shak.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of dock (Rumex Patientia), less common in America than
in Europe; monk's rhubarb.

6. (Card Playing)

Defn: Solitaire.

Syn.
 -- Patience, Resignation. Patience implies the quietness or self-
possession of one's own spirit under sufferings, provocations, etc.;
resignation implies submission to the will of another. The Stoic may
have patience; the Christian should have both patience and
resignation.

PATIENT
Pa"tient, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. patiens, -entis, p.pr. of pati to
suffer. Cf. Pathos, Passion.]

1. Having the quality of enduring; physically able to suffer or bear.
Patient of severest toil and hardship. Bp. Fell.

2. Undergoing pains, trails, or the like, without murmuring or
fretfulness; bearing up with equanimity against trouble; long-
suffering.

3. Constant in pursuit or exertion; persevering; calmly diligent; as,
patient endeavor.
Whatever I have done is due to patient thought. Sir I. Newton.

4. Expectant with calmness, or without discontent; not hasty; not
overeager; composed.
Not patient to expect the turns of fate. Prior.

5. Forbearing; long-suffering.
Be patient toward all men. 1 Thess. v. 14.

PATIENT
Pa"tient, n.

1. ONe who, or that which, is passively affected; a passive
recipient.
Malice is a passion so impetuous and precipitate that often involves
the agent and the patient. Gov. of Tongue.

2. A person under medical or surgical treatment; -- correlative to
physician or nurse.
Like a physician, . . . seeing his patient in a pestilent fever. Sir
P. Sidney.
In patient, a patient who receives lodging and food, as treatment, in
a hospital or an infirmary.
 -- Out patient, one who receives advice and medicine, or treatment,
from an infirmary.

PATIENT
Pa"tient, v. t.

Defn: To compose, to calm. [Obs.] "Patient yourself, madam." Shak.

PATIENTLY
Pa"tient*ly, adv.

Defn: In a patient manner. Cowper.

PATIN; PATINE
Pat"in, Pat"ine, n.

Defn: A plate. See Paten. "Inlaid with patines of bright gold." Shak.

PATINA
Pat"ina, n. Etym: [It., fr. L. patina a dish, a pan, a kind of cake.
Cf. Paten.]

1. A dish or plate of metal or earthenware; a patella.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The color or incrustation which age gives to works of art;
especially, the green rust which covers ancient bronzes, coins, and
medals. Fairholt.

PATIO
Pa"ti*o, n. Etym: [Sp., a court] (Metal)

Defn: A paved yard or floor where ores are cleaned and sorted, or
where ore, salt, mercury, etc., are trampled by horses, to effect
intermixture and amalgamation.

Note: The patioprocess is used to reduce silver ores by amalgamation.

PATISSERIE
Pâ`tis`serie", n. [F. pâtisserie. See Pate.]

Defn: Pastry. Sterne.

PATLY
Pat"ly, adv.

Defn: Fitly; seasonably. Barrow.

PATNESS
Pat"ness, n.

Defn: Fitness or appropriateness; striking suitableness; convenience.
The description with equal patness may suit both. Barrow.

PATOIS
Pa`tois", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A dialect peculiar to the illiterate classes; a provincial form
of speech.
The jargon and patois of several provinces. Sir T. Browne.

PATOLLI
Pa*tol"li, n. [Mex. patolli dice.]

Defn: An American Indian game analogous to dice, probably originally
a method of divination.

PATONCE
Pa*tonce", a. Etym: [Cf. F. patte d'once paw of an ounce.] (Her.)

Defn: Having the arms growing broader and floriated toward the end; -
- said of a cross. See Illust. 9 of Cross.

PATRIAL
Pa"tri*al, a. Etym: [L. patria fatherland, country, fr. pater
father.] (Lat. Gram.)

Defn: Derived from the name of a country, and designating an
inhabitant of the country; gentile; -- said of a noun.
 -- n.

Defn: A patrial noun. Thus Romanus, a Roman, and Troas, a woman of
Troy, are patrial nouns, or patrials. Andrews.

PATRIARCH
Pa"tri*arch, n. Etym: [F. patriarche, L. patriarcha, Gr. Father,
Archaic.]

1. The father and ruler of a family; one who governs his family or
descendants by paternal right; -- usually applied to heads of
families in ancient history, especially in Biblical and Jewish
history to those who lived before the time of Moses.

2. (R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.)

Defn: A dignitary superior to the order of archbishops; as, the
patriarch of Constantinople, of Alexandria, or of Antioch.

3. A venerable old man; an elder. Also used figuratively.
The patriarch hoary, the sage of his kith and the hamlet. Longfellow.
The monarch oak, the partiarch of trees. Dryde.

PATRIARCHAL
Pa`tri*ar"chal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. patriarcal.]

1. Of or pertaining to a patriarch or to patriarchs; possessed by, or
subject to, patriarchs; as, patriarchal authority or jurisdiction; a
patriarchal see; a patriarchal church.

2. Characteristic of a patriarch; venerable.
About whose patriarchal knee Late the little children clung.
Tennyson.

3. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Having an organization of society and government in which the
head of the family exercises authority over all its generations.
Patriarchal cross (Her.), a cross, the shaft of which is intersected
by two transverse beams, the upper one being the smaller. See Illust.
(2) of Cross.
 -- Patriarchal dispensation, the divine dispensation under which the
patriarchs lived before the law given by Moses.

PATRIARCHATE
Pa`tri*ar"chate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. patriarcat.]

1. The office, dignity, or jurisdiction of a patriarch. Jer. Taylor.

2. The residence of an ecclesiastic patriarch.

3. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A patriarchal form of government or society. See Patriarchal,
a., 3.

PATRIARCHDOM
Pa"tri*arch*dom, n.

Defn: The office or jurisdiction of a patriarch; patriarchate. [R.]

PATRIARCHIC
Pa`tri*ar"chic, a. Etym: [L. patriarchicus, Gr.

Defn: Patriarchal.

PATRIARCHISM
Pa"tri*arch*ism, n.

Defn: Government by a patriarch, or the head of a family.

PATRIARCHSHIP
Pa"tri*arch*ship, n.

Defn: A patriarchate. Ayliffe.

PATRIARCHY
Pa"tri*arch`y, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. The jurisdiction of a patriarch; patriarchship. Brerewood.

2. Government by a patriarch; patriarchism.

PATRICIAN
Pa*tri"cian, a. Etym: [L. patricius, fr. patres fathers or senators,
pl. of pater: cf. F. patricien. See Paternal.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Roman patres (fathers) or senators, or
patricians.

2. Of, pertaining to, or appropriate to, a person of high birth;
noble; not plebeian.
Born in the patrician file of society. Sir W. Scott.
His horse's hoofs wet with patrician blood. Addison.

PATRICIAN
Pa*tri"cian, n. Etym: [L. patricius: cf. F. patricien.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: Originally, a member of any of the families constituting the
populus Romanus, or body of Roman citizens, before the development of
the plebeian order; later, one who, by right of birth or by special
privilege conferred, belonged to the nobility.

2. A person of high birth; a nobleman.

3. One familiar with the works of the Christian Fathers; one versed
in patristic lore. [R.] Colridge.

PATRICIANISM
Pa*tri"cian*ism, n.

Defn: The rank or character of patricians.

PATRICIATE
Pa*tri"ci*ate, n.

Defn: The patrician class; the aristocracy; also, the office of
patriarch. Milman.

PATRICIDAL
Pat*ri"ci`dal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to patricide; parricidal.

PATRICIDE
Pat*ri"cide, n. Etym: [L. pater father + caedere to kill. Cf.
Parricide.]

1. The murderer of his father.

2. The crime of one who murders his father. Same as Parricide.

PATRIMONIAL
Pat`ri*mo"ni*al, a. Etym: [L.patrimonialis: cf. F. patrimonial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a patrimony; inherited from ancestors; as,
a patrimonial estate.

PATRIMONIALLY
Pat`ri*mo"ni*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By inheritance.

PATRIMONY
Pat"ri*mo*ny, n.; pl. Patrimonies. Etym: [L. patrimonium, fr. pater
father: cf. F. patrimoine. See Paternal.]

1. A right or estate inherited from one's father; or, in a larger
sense, from any ancestor. "'Reave the orphan of his patrimony." Shak.

2. Formerly, a church estate or endowment. Shipley.

PATRIOT
Pa"tri*ot, n. Etym: [F. patriote; cf. Sp. patriota, It. patriotto;
all fr. Gr. Father.]

Defn: One who loves his country, and zealously supports its authority
and interests. Bp. Hall.
Such tears as patriots shaed for dying laws. Pope.

PATRIOT
Pa"tri*ot, a.

Defn: Becoming to a patriot; patriotic.

PATRIOTIC
Pa`tri*ot"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. patriotique, Gr.

Defn: Inspired by patriotism; actuated by love of one's country;
zealously and unselfishly devoted to the service of one's country;
as, a patriotic statesman, vigilance.

PATRIOTICAL
Pa`tri*ot"ic*al, a.

Defn: Patriotic; that pertains to a patriot.
 -- Pa`tri*ot"ic*al*ly, adv.

PATRIOTISM
Pa"tri*ot*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. patriotisme.]

Defn: Love of country; devotion to the welfare of one's country; the
virtues and actions of a patriot; the passion which inspires one to
serve one's country. Berkley.

PATRIOTS' DAY
Pa"tri*ots' Day.

Defn: A legal holiday in the States of Massachusetts and Maine, April
19, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington in 1775. It was first
observed in 1894. [U. S.]

PATRIPASSIAN
Pa`tri*pas"sian, n. Etym: [LL. Patripassiani, pl.; L. pater father +
pati, passus, to suffer: cf. F. patripassiens.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a body of believers in the early church who denied the
independent preëxistent personality of Christ, and who, accordingly,
held that the Father suffered in the Son; a monarchian.
 -- Pa`tri*pas"sian*ism, n.

PATRIST
Pa"trist, n.

Defn: One versed in patristics.

PATRISTIC; PATRISTICAL
Pa*tris"tic, Pa*tris"tic*al, a. Etym: [F. patristique. See Paternal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Fathers of the Christian church.
The voluminous editor of Jerome anf of tons of patristic theology. I.
Taylor.

PATRISTICS
Pa*tris"tics, n.

Defn: That departnent of historical theology which treats of the
lives and doctrines of the Fathers of the church.

PATRIZATE
Pa"tri*zate, v. i. Etym: [L. patrissare, patrizare;cf. Gr.

Defn: To imitate one's father. [R.]

PATROCINATE
Pa*troc"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. patrocinatus, p.p. of patrocinari to
patronize, fr. patronus patron.]

Defn: To support; to patronize. [Obs.] Urquhart.

PATROCINATION
Pa*troc`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act of patrocinating or patronizing. [Obs.] "Patrocinations
of treason." Bp. Hall.

PATROCINY
Pa*troc"i*ny, n. Etym: [L. patrocinium.] [Obs.]

Defn: See Patrocination.

PATROL
Pa*trol", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Patrolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Patrolling.]
Etym: [F. patrouiller, O. & Prov. F. patrouiller to paddle, paw
about, patrol, fr. patte a paw; cf. D. poot paw, G. pfote, and E.
pat, v.]

Defn: To go the rounds along a chain of sentinels; to traverse a
police district or beat.

PATROL
Pa*trol", v.

Defn: t To go the rounds of, as a sentry, guard, or policeman; as, to
patrol a frontier; to patrol a beat.

PATROL
Pa*trol", n. Etym: [F. patrouille, OF. patouille. See Patrol, v. i.]

1. (Mil.)
(a) A going of the rounds along the chain of sentinels and between
the posts, by a guard, usually consisting of three or four men, to
insure greater security from attacks on the outposts.
(b) A movement, by a small body of troops beyond the line of
outposts, to explore the country and gain intelligence of the enemy's
whereabouts.
(c) The guard or men who go the rounds for observation; a detachment
whose duty it is to patrol.

2. Any perambulation of a particular line or district to guard it;
also, the men thus guarding; as, a customs patrol; a fire patrol.
In France there is an army of patrols to secure her fiscal
regulations. A. Hamilton.

PATROLE
Pa*trole", n. & v.

Defn: See Patrol, n. & v.

PATROLMAN
Pa*trol"man, n.; pl. Patrolmen (.

Defn: One who patrols; a watchman; especially, a policeman who
patrols a particular precinct of a town or city.

PATRON
Pa"tron, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. patronus, fr. pater a father. See
Paternal, and cf. Patroon, Padrone, Pattern.]

1. One who protects, supports, or countenances; a defender. "Patron
of my life and liberty." Shak. "The patron of true holiness."
Spenser.

2. (Rom. Antiq.)
(a) A master who had freed his slave, but still retained some
paternal rights over him.
(b) A man of distinction under whose protection another person placed
himself.
(c) An advocate or pleader.
Let him who works the client wrong Beware the patron's ire. Macaulay.

3. One who encourages or helps a person, a cause, or a work; a
furtherer; a promoter; as, a patron of art.

4. (Eccl. Law)

Defn: One who has gift and disposition of a benefice. [Eng.]

5. A guardian saint.
 -- called also patron saint.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: See Padrone, 2. Patrons of Husbandry, the grangers. See
Granger, 2.

PATRON
Pa"tron, v. t.

Defn: To be a patron of; to patronize; to favor. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

PATRON
Pa"tron, a.

Defn: Doing the duty of a patron; giving aid or protection; tutelary.
Dryden. Patron saint (R. C. Ch.), a saint regarded as the peculiar
protector of a country, community, church, profession, etc., or of an
individual.

PATRONAGE
Pa"tron*age, n. Etym: [F. patronage. Cf. LL. patronaticum, and L.
patronatus.]

1. Special countenance or support; favor, encouragement, or aid,
afforded to a person or a work; as, the patronage of letters;
patronage given to an author.

2. Business custom. [Commercial Cant]

3. Guardianship, as of a saint; tutelary care. Addison.

4. The right of nomination to political office; also, the offices,
contracts, honors, etc., which a public officer may bestow by favor.

5. (Eng. Law)

Defn: The right of presentation to church or ecclesiastical benefice;
advowson. Blackstone.

PATRONAGE
Pa"tron*age, v. t.

Defn: To act as a patron of; to maintain; to defend. [Obs.] Shak.

PATRONAL
Pa"tron*al, a. Etym: [L. patronalis; cf. F. patronal.]

Defn: Patron; protecting; favoring. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

PATRONATE
Pa"tron*ate, n. Etym: [L. patronatus.]

Defn: The right or duty of a patron; patronage. [R.] Westm. Rev.

PATRONESS
Pa"tron*ess, n. Etym: [Cf. F. patronnesse.]

Defn: A female patron or helper. Spenser.
Night, best patroness of grief. Milton.

PATRONIZATION
Pa`tron*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of patronizing; patronage; support. [R.]

PATRONIZE
Pa"tron*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patronized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Patronizing.]

1. To act as patron toward; to support; to countenance; to favor; to
aid.
The idea has been patronized by two States only. A. Hamilton.

2. To trade with customarily; to frequent as a customer. [Commercial
Cant]

3. To assume the air of a patron, or of a superior and protector,
toward; -- used in an unfavorable sense; as, to patronize one's
equals.

PATRONIZER
Pa"tron*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who patronizes.

PATRONIZING
Pa"tron*i`zing, a.

Defn: Showing condescending favor; assuming the manner of airs of a
superior toward another.
 -- Pat"ron*i`zing*ly, adv. Thackeray.

PATRONLESS
Pa"tron*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a patron.

PATRONOMAYOLOGY
Pa`tro*nom`a*yol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. onomatology.]

Defn: That branch of knowledge which deals with personal names and
their origin; the study of patronymics.

PATRONYMIC
Pa`tro*nym"ic, a. Etym: [L. patronymicus, Gr. patronymique.]

Defn: Derived from ancestors; as, a patronymic denomination.

PATRONYMIC
Pa`tro*nym"ic, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A modification of the father's name borne by the son; a name
derived from that of a parent or ancestor; as, Pelides, the son of
Peleus; Johnson, the son of John; Macdonald, the son of Donald;
Paulowitz, the son of Paul; also, the surname of a family; the family
name. M. A. Lower.

PATRONYMICAL
Pa`tro*nym"ic*al, a.

Defn: Same as Patronymic.

PATROON
Pa*troon", n. Etym: [D. patroon a patron, a protector. See Patron.]

Defn: One of the proprietors of certain tracts of land with manorial
privileges and right of entail, under the old Dutch governments of
New York and New Jersey.

PATROONSHIP
Pa*troon"ship, n.

Defn: The office of a patroon. Irving.

PATTE; PATTEE
Pat`té", Pat*tee", a. Etym: [F. patté, fem. pattée, fr. patte paw,
foot. Cf. Patten.] (Her.)

Defn: Narrow at the inner, and very broad at the other, end, or
having its arms of that shape; -- said of a cross. See Illust. (8) of
Cross. [Written also paté, patee.]

PATTEMAR
Pat"te*mar, n.

Defn: See Patamar.

PATTEN
Pat"ten, n. Etym: [F. patin a high-heeled shoe, fr. patte paw, foot.
Cf. Panton, Patté.]

1. A clog or sole of wood, usually supported by an iron ring, worn to
raise the feet from the wet or the mud.
The patten now supports each frugal dame. Gay.

2. A stilt. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

PATTENED
Pat"ten*ed, a.

Defn: Wearing pattens. "Some pattened girl." Jane Austen.

PATTER
Pat"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pattered; p. pr. & vb. n. Pattering.]
Etym: [Freq. of pat to strike gently.]

1. To strike with a quick succession of slight, sharp sounds; as,
pattering rain or hail; pattering feet.
The stealing shower is scarce to patter heard. Thomson.

2. To mutter; to mumble; as, to patter with the lips. Tyndale. Etym:
[In this sense, and in the following, perh. from paternoster.]

3. To talk glibly; to chatter; to harangue. [Colloq.]
I've gone out and pattered to get money. Mayhew.

PATTER
Pat"ter, v. t.

1. To spatter; to sprinkle. [R.] "And patter the water about the
boat." J. R. Drake.

2. Etym: [See Patter, v. i., 2.]

Defn: To mutter; as prayers.
[The hooded clouds] patter their doleful prayers. Longfellow.
To patter flash, to talk in thieves' cant. [Slang]

PATTER
Pat"ter, n.

1. A quick succession of slight sounds; as, the patter of rain; the
patter of little feet.

2. Glib and rapid speech; a voluble harangue.

3. The cant of a class; patois; as, thieves's patter; gypsies'
patter.

PATTERER
Pat"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who patters, or talks glibly; specifically, a street
peddler. [Cant, Eng.]

PATTERN
Pat"tern, n. Etym: [OE. patron, F. patron, a patron, also, a pattern.
See Patron.]

1. Anything proposed for imitation; an archetype; an exemplar; that
which is to be, or is worthy to be, copied or imitated; as, a pattern
of a machine.
I will be the pattern of all patience. Shak.

2. A part showing the figure or quality of the whole; a specimen; a
sample; an example; an instance.
He compares the pattern with the whole piece. Swift.

3. Stuff sufficient for a garment; as, a dress pattern.

4. Figure or style of decoration; design; as, wall paper of a
beautiful pattern.

5. Something made after a model; a copy. Shak.
The patterns of things in the heavens. Heb. ix. 23.

6. Anything cut or formed to serve as a guide to cutting or forming
objects; as, a dressmaker's pattern.

7. (Founding)

Defn: A full-sized model around which a mold of sand is made, to
receive the melted metal. It is usually made of wood and in several
parts, so as to be removed from the mold without injuring it. Pattern
box, chain, or cylinder (Figure Weaving), devices, in a loom, for
presenting several shuttles to the picker in the proper succession
for forming the figure.
 -- Pattern card. (a) A set of samples on a card. (b) (Weaving) One
of the perforated cards in a Jacquard apparatus.
 -- Pattern reader, one who arranges textile patterns.
 -- Pattern wheel (Horology), a count-wheel.

PATTERN
Pat"tern, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patterned; p. pr. & vb. n. Patterning.]

1. To make or design (anything) by, from, or after, something that
serves as a pattern; to copy; to model; to imitate. Milton.
[A temple] patterned from that which Adam reared in Paradise. Sir T.
Herbert.

2. To serve as an example for; also, to parallel. To pattern after,
to imitate; to follow.

PATTINSON'S PROCESS
Pat"tin*son's proc"ess. (Metal.)

Defn: A process of desilverizing argentiferous lead by repeated
meltings and skimmings, which concentrate the silver in the molten
bath, the final skimmings being nearly pure lad. The processwas
invented in 1833 by Hugh Lee Pattinson, an English metallurgist.

PATTY
Pat"ty, n.; pl. Patties. Etym: [F. pâté. See Pasty.]

Defn: A little pie.

PATTYPAN
Pat"ty*pan`, n.

1. A pan for baking patties.

2. A patty. [Obs.]

PATULOUS
Pat"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. patulus, fr. patere to be open, extend.]

Defn: Open; expanded; slightly spreading; having the parts loose or
dispersed; as, a patulous calyx; a patulous cluster of flowers.
The eyes are large and patulous. Sir J. Hill.

PAU
Pau, n.

Defn: See Pah.

PAUCILOQUENT
Pau*cil"o*quent, a.

Defn: Uttering few words; brief in speech. [R.]

PAUCILOQUY
Pau*cil"o*quy, n. Etym: [L. pauciloquium; paucus little + loqui to
speak.]

Defn: Brevity in speech. [R.]

PAUCISPIRAL
Pau`ci*spi"ral, a. Etym: [L. paucus few + E. spiral.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having few spirals, or whorls; as, a paucispiral operculum or
shell.

PAUCITY
Pau"ci*ty, n. Etym: [L. paucitas, fr. paucus few, little: cf. F.
paucité See Few.]

1. Fewness; smallness of number; scarcity. Hooker.
Revelation denies it by the stern reserve, the paucity, and the
incompleteness, of its communications. I. Taylor.

2. Smallnes of quantity; exiguity; insufficiency; as, paucity of
blood. Sir T. Browne.

PAUGIE; PAUGY
Pau"gie, Pau"gy, n.; pl. Paugies. Etym: [Corrupted from Amer. Indian
mishcuppauog. See Scup.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The scup. See Porgy, and Scup.

PAUHAUGEN
Pau*hau"gen, n. Etym: [North Amer. Indian.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The menhaden; -- called also poghaden.

PAUL
Paul, n.

Defn: See Pawl.

PAUL
Paul, n.

Defn: An Italian silver coin. See Paolo.

PAULDRON
Paul"dron, n. Etym: [See Powldron.] (Mil. Antiq.)

Defn: A piece of armor covering the shoulder at the junction of the
body piece and arm piece.

PAULIAN; PAULIANIST
Pau"li*an, Pau"li*an*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Paul of Samosata, a bishop of Antioch in the
third century, who was deposed for denying the divinity of Christ.

PAULICIAN
Pau"li*cian, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of Christian dualists originating in Armenia in
the seventh century. They rejected the Old Testament and the part of
the New.

PAULIN
Pau"lin, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Tarpaulin.

PAULINE
Pau"line, a. Etym: [L. Paulinus, fr. Paulus Paul.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the apostle Paul, or his writings;
resembling, or conforming to, the writings of Paul; as, the Pauline
epistles; Pauline doctrine.
My religion had always been Pauline. J. H. Newman.

PAULIST
Paul"ist, n. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A member of The Institute of the Missionary Priests of St. Paul
the Apostle, founded in 1858 by the Rev. I. T. Hecker of New York.
The majority of the members were formerly Protestants.

PAULOWNIA
Pau*low"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. So named from the Russian princess Anna
Pavlovna.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees of the order Scrophulariaceæ, consisting of
one species, Paulownia imperialis.

Note: The tree is native to Japan, and has immense heart-shaped
leaves, and large purplish flowers in panicles. The capsules contain
many little winged seeds, which are beautiful microscopic objects.
The tree is hardy in America as far north as Connecticut.

PAUM
Paum, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Palm to cheat.]

Defn: To palm off by fraud; to cheat at cards. [Obs.] Swift.

PAUNCE
Paunce, n. Etym: [See Pansy.] (Bot.)

Defn: The pansy. "The pretty paunce." Spenser.

PAUNCH
Paunch, n. Etym: [OF. panch, pance, F. panse, L. pantex, panticis.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The belly and its contents; the abdomen; also, the first
stomach, or rumen, of ruminants. See Rumen.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A paunch mat; -- called also panch.

3. The thickened rim of a bell, struck by the clapper. Paunch mat
(Naut.), a thick mat made of strands of rope, used to prevent the
yard or rigging from chafing.

PAUNCH
Paunch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paunched; p. pr. & vb. n. Paunching.]

1. To pierce or rip the belly of; to eviscerate; to disembowel. Shak.

2. To stuff with food. [Obs.] Udall.

PAUNCHY
Paunch"y, a.

Defn: Pot-bellied. [R.] Dickens.

PAUNE
Paune, n.

Defn: A kind of bread. See Pone.

PAUPER
Pau"per, n. Etym: [L. See Poor.]

Defn: A poor person; especially, one development on private or public
charity. Also used adjectively; as, pouper immigrants, pouper labor.

PAUPERISM
Pau"per*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. paupérisme.]

Defn: The state of being a pauper; the state of indigent persons
requiring support from the community. Whatly.

Syn.
 -- Poverty; indigence; penury; want; need; destitution. See Poverty.

PAUPERIZATION
Pau`per*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of reducing to pauperism. C. Kingsley.

PAUPERIZE
Pau"per*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pauperized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pauperizing.]

Defn: To reduce to pauperism; as, to pauperize the peasantry.

PAUROPODA
Pau*rop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of small myriapods having only nine pairs of legs and
destitute of tracheæ.

PAUSE
Pause, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. pausa. See Pose.]

1. A temporary stop or rest; an intermission of action; interruption;
suspension; cessation.

2. Temporary inaction or waiting; hesitation; suspence; doubt.
I stand in pause where I shall first begin. Shak.

3. In speaking or reading aloud, a brief arrest or suspension of
voice, to indicate the limits and relations of sentences and their
parts.

4. In writing and printing, a mark indicating the place and nature of
an arrest of voice in reading; a punctuation point; as, teach the
pupil to mind the pauses.

5. A break or paragraph in writing.
He writes with warmth, which usually neglects method, and those
partitions and pauses which men educated in schools observe. Locke.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: A hold. See 4th Hold, 7.

Syn.
 -- Stop; cessation; suspension.

PAUSE
Pause, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paused; p. pr. & vb. n. Pausing.] Etym:
[Cf. F. pauser, L. pausare. See Pause, n., Pose.]

1. To make a short stop; to cease for a time; to intermit speaking or
acting; to stop; to wait; to rest. "Tarry, pause a day or two." Shak.
Pausing while, thus to herself she mused. Milton.

2. To be intermitted; to cease; as, the music pauses.

3. To hesitate; to hold back; to delay. [R.]
Why doth the Jew pause Take thy forfeiture. Shak.

4. To stop in order to consider; hence, to consider; to reflect. [R.]
"Take time to pause." Shak. To pause upon, to deliberate concerning.
Shak.

Syn.
 -- To intermit; stop; stay; wait; delay; tarry; hesitate; demur.

PAUSE
Pause, v. t.

Defn: To cause to stop or rest; -- used reflexively. [R.] Shak.

PAUSER
Paus"er, n.

Defn: One who pauses. Shak.

PAUSINGLY
Paus"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With pauses; haltingly. Shak.

PAUXI
Paux"i, n. Etym: [From the native name: cf. Sp. pauji.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A curassow (Ourax pauxi), which, in South America, is often
domesticated.

PAVAGE
Pav"age, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pavage.]

Defn: See Pavage. [R.]

PAVAN
Pav"an, n. Etym: [F. pavane; cf. It. & Sp. pavana, and Sp. pavon,
pavo, a peacock, L. pavo.]

Defn: A stately and formal Spanish dance for which full state costume
is worn; -- so called from the resemblance of its movements to those
of the peacock. [Written also pavane, paven, pavian, and pavin.]

PAVE
Pa`vé", n. Etym: [F., from paver to pave. See Pave.]

Defn: The pavement. Nymphe du pavé ([A low euphemism.]

PAVE
Pave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paved; p. pr. & vb. n. Paving.] Etym: [F.
paver to pave, LL. pavare, from L. pavire to beat, ram, or tread
down; cf. Gr.

1. To lay or cover with stone, brick, or other material, so as to
make a firm, level, or convenient surface for horses, carriages, or
persons on foot, to travel on; to floor with brick, stone, or other
solid material; as, to pave a street; to pave a court.
With silver paved, and all divine with gold. Dryden.
To pave thy realm, and smooth the broken ways. Gay.

2. Fig.: To make smooth, easy, and safe; to prepare, as a path or
way; as, to pave the way to promotion; to pave the way for an
enterprise.
It might open and pave a prepared way to his own title. Bacon.

PAVEMENT
Pave"ment, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. pavamentum, L. pavimentum. See
Pave.]

Defn: That with which anythingis paved; a floor or covering of solid
material, laid so as to make a hard and convenient surface for
travel; a paved road or sidewalk; a decorative interior floor of
tiles or colored bricks.
The riches of heaven's pavement, trodden gold. Milton.
Pavement teeth (Zoöl.), flattened teeth which in certain fishes, as
the skates and cestracionts, are arranged side by side, like tiles in
a pavement.

PAVEMENT
Pave"ment, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with a pavement; to pave. [Obs.] "How richly
pavemented!" Bp. Hall.

PAVEN
Pav"en, n.

Defn: See Pavan.

PAVER
Pav"er, n.

Defn: One who paves; one who lays a pavement. [Written also pavier
and pavior.]

PAVESADE
Pav`e*sade", n. Etym: [F. See Pavise.]

Defn: A canvas screen, formerly sometimes extended along the side of
a vessel in a naval engagement, to conceal from the enemy the
operations on board.

PAVESE; PAVESSE
Pa*vese", Pa*vesse", n.

Defn: Pavise. [Obs.]

PAVIAGE
Pa"vi*age, n. (Law)

Defn: A contribution or a tax for paving streets or highways.
Bouvier.

PAVIAN
Pav"i*an

Defn: , n. See Pavan.

PAVID
Pav"id, a. Etym: [L. pavidus, from pavere to be afraid.]

Defn: Timid; fearful. [R.] Thackeray.

PAVIDITY
Pa*vid"i*ty, n.

Defn: Timidity. [R.]

PAVIER
Pav"ier, n.

Defn: A paver.

PAVIIN
Pa"vi*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside found in species of the genus Pavia of the Horse-
chestnut family.

PAVILION
Pa*vil"ion, n. Etym: [F. pavillon, fr. L. pavilio a butterfly, also,
a tent, because spread out like a butterfly's wings.]

1. A temporary movable habitation; a large tent; a marquee; esp., a
tent raised on posts. "[The] Greeks do pitch their brave pavilions."
Shak.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A single body or mass of building, contained within simple
walls and a single roof, whether insulated, as in the park or garden
of a larger edifice, or united with other parts, and forming an angle
or central feature of a large pile.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A flag, colors, ensign, or banner.

4. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Tent (Her.)

5. That part of a brilliant which lies between the girdle and collet.
See Illust. of Brilliant.

6. (Anat.)

Defn: The auricle of the ear; also, the fimbriated extremity of the
Fallopian tube.

7. A covering; a canopy; figuratively, the sky.
The pavilion of heaven is bare. Shelley.

PAVILION
Pa*vil"ion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pavilioned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pavilioning.]

Defn: To furnish or cover with, or shelter in, a tent or tents.
The field pavilioned with his guardians bright. Milton.

PAVIN
Pav"in, n.

Defn: See Pavan.

PAVING
Pav"ing, n.

1. The act or process of laying a pavement, or covering some place
with a pavement.

2. A pavement.

PAVIOR
Pav"ior, n.

1. One who paves; a paver.

2. A rammer for driving paving stones.

3. A brick or slab used for paving.

PAVISE
Pa*vise, n. Etym: [OF. pavaix, F. pavois; cf. It. pavese, LL.
pavense; perh. named from Pavia in Italy.] (Mil. Antiq.)

Defn: A large shield covering the whole body, carried by a pavisor,
who sometimes screened also an archer with it. [Written also pavais,
pavese, and pavesse.] Fairholt.

PAVISOR
Pa*vis"or, n. (Mil. Antiq.)

Defn: A soldier who carried a pavise.

PAVO
Pa"vo, n. Etym: [L., a peacock. See Peacock.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds, including the peacocks.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The Peacock, a constellation of the southern hemisphere.

PAVON
Pa"von, n.

Defn: A small triangular flag, esp. one attached to a knight's lance;
a pennon.

PAVONE
Pa*vone", n. Etym: [Cf. It. pavone, Sp. pavon, fr. L. pavo.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peacock. [Obs.] Spenser.

PAVONIAN
Pa*vo"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a peacock. [R.] Southey.

PAVONINE
Pav"o*nine, a. Etym: [L. pavoninus, fr. pavo a peacock. See Peacock.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the genus Pavo.

2. Characteristic of a peacock; resembling the tail of a peacock, as
in colors; iridescent. P. Cleaveland.

PAW
Paw, n. Etym: [OE. pawe, poue, OF. poe: cf. patte, LG. pote, D. poot,
G. pfote.]

1. The foot of a quadruped having claws, as the lion, dog, cat, etc.

2. The hand. [Jocose] Dryden. Paw clam (Zoöl.), the tridacna; -- so
called because shaped like an animal's paw.

PAW
Paw, v. i.

Defn: To draw the forefoot along the ground; to beat or scrape with
the forefoot. Job xxxix. 21.

PAW
Paw, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pawed; p. pr. & vb. n. Pawing.]

1. To pass the paw over; to stroke or handle with the paws; hence, to
handle fondly or rudely.

2. To scrape or beat with the forefoot.
His hot courser pawed the Hungarian plane. Tickell.

PAWK
Pawk, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small lobster. Travis.

PAWKY
Paw"ky, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. pæcean to deceive.]

Defn: Arch; cunning; sly. [Scot.] Jamieson.

PAWL
Pawl, n. Etym: [W. pawl a pole, a stake. Cf. Pole a stake.] (Mach.)

Defn: A pivoted tongue, or sliding bolt, on one part of a machine,
adapted to fall into notches, or interdental spaces, on another part,
as a ratchet wheel, in such a manner as to permit motion in one
direction and prevent it in the reverse, as in a windlass; a catch,
click, or detent. See Illust. of Ratchet Wheel. [Written also paul,
or pall.] Pawl bitt (Naut.), a heavy timber, set abaft the windlass,
to receive the strain of the pawls.
 -- Pawl rim or ring (Naut.), a stationary metallic ring surrounding
the base of a capstan, having notches for the pawls to catch in.

PAWL
Pawl, v. t.

Defn: To stop with a pawl; to drop the pawls off. To pawl the
capstan. See under Capstan.

PAWN
Pawn, n.

Defn: See Pan, the masticatory.

PAWN
Pawn, n. Etym: [OE. paune, poun, OF. peon, poon, F. pion, LL. pedo a
foot soldier, fr. L. pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf. Pioneer,
Peon.] (Chess)

Defn: A man or piece of the lowest rank.

PAWN
Pawn, n. Etym: [OF. pan pledge, assurance, skirt, piece, F. pan
skirt, lappet, piece, from L. pannus. See Pane.]

1. Anything delivered or deposited as security, as for the payment of
money borrowed, or of a debt; a pledge. See Pledge, n., 1.
As for mortgaging or pawning, . . . men will not take pawns without
use [i.e., interest]. Bacon.

2. State of being pledged; a pledge for the fulfillment of a promise.
[R.]
Redeem from broking pawn the blemish'd crown. Shak.
As the morning dew is a pawn of the evening fatness. Donne.

3. A stake hazarded in a wager. [Poetic]
My life I never held but as a pawn To wage against thy enemies. Shak.
In pawn, At pawn, in the state of being pledged. "Sweet wife, my
honor is at pawn." Shak.
 -- Pawn ticket, a receipt given by the pawnbroker for an article
pledged.

PAWN
Pawn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pawned; p. pr. & vb. n. Pawning.]

1. To give or deposit in pledge, or as security for the payment of
money borrowed; to put in pawn; to pledge; as, to pawn one's watch.
And pawned the last remaining piece of plate. Dryden.

2. To pledge for the fulfillment of a promise; to stake; to risk; to
wager; to hazard.
Pawning his honor to obtain his lust. Shak.

PAWNABLE
Pawna*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being pawned.

PAWNBROKER
Pawn"bro`ker, n.

Defn: One who makes a business of lending money on the security of
personal property pledged or deposited in his keeping.

PAWNBROKING
Pawn"bro`king, n.

Defn: The business of a pawnbroker.

PAWNEE
Pawn*ee", n. (Law)

Defn: One or two whom a pledge is delivered as security; one who
takes anything in pawn.

PAWNEES
Paw`nees", n. pl.; sing. Pawnee (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians (called also Loups) who formerly occupied
the region of the Platte river, but now live mostly in the Indian
Territory. The term is often used in a wider sense to include also
the related tribes of Rickarees and Wichitas. Called also Pani.

PAWNER; PAWNOR
Pawn"er, Pawn*or", n. (Law)

Defn: One who pawns or pledges anything as security for the payment
of borrowed money or of a debt.

PAWPAW
Paw`paw", n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Papaw.

PAX
Pax, n. Etym: [L. pax peace. See Peace.]

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: The kiss of peace; also, the embrace in the sanctuary now
substituted for it at High Mass in Roman Catholic churches.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A tablet or board, on which is a representation of Christ, of
the Virgin Mary, or of some saint and which, in the Mass, was kissed
by the priest and then by the people, in mediæval times; an
osculatory. It is still used in communities, confraternities, etc.
Kiss the pax, and be quiet like your neighbors. Chapman.

PAXILLOSE
Pax"il*lose`, a. Etym: [L. paxillus a small stake.] (Geol.)

Defn: Resembling a little stake.

PAXILLUS
Pax*il"lus, n.; pl. Paxilli. Etym: [L., a peg.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a peculiar kind of spines covering the surface of
certain starfishes. They are pillarlike, with a flattened summit
which is covered with minute spinules or granules. See Illustration
in Appendix.

PAXWAX
Pax"wax`, n. Etym: [For faxvax, fr. AS. fea hair (akin to OHG. fahs)
+ weaxan to grow. See Wax to grow, and cf. Faxed, Pectinate.] (Anat.)

Defn: The strong ligament of the back of the neck in quadrupeds. It
connects the back of the skull with dorsal spines of the cervical
vertebræ, and helps to support the head. Called also paxywaxy and
packwax.

PAXYWAXY
Pax"y*wax`y, n. (Anat.)

Defn: See Paxwax.

PAY
Pay, v. t. Etym: [OF. peier, fr. L. picare to pitch, i pitch: cf. OF.
peiz pitch, F. poix. See Pitch a black substance.] (Naut.)

Defn: To cover, as bottom of a vessel, a seam, a spar, etc., with tar
or pitch, or waterproof composition of tallow, resin, etc.; to smear.

PAY
Pay, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paid; p. pr. & vb. n. Paying.] Etym: [OE.
paien, F. payer, fr. L. pacare to pacify, appease, fr. pax, pacis,
peace. See Peace.]

1. To satisfy, or content; specifically, to satisfy (another person)
for service rendered, property delivered, etc.; to discharge one's
obligation to; to make due return to; to compensate; to remunerate;
to recompense; to requite; as, to pay workmen or servants.
May no penny ale them pay [i. e., satisfy]. P. Plowman.
[She] pays me with disdain. Dryden.

2. Hence, figuratively: To compensate justly; to requite according to
merit; to reward; to punish; to retort or retaliate upon.
For which, or pay me quickly, or I'll pay you. B. Jonson.

3. To discharge, as a debt, demand, or obligation, by giving or doing
what is due or required; to deliver the amount or value of to the
person to whom it is owing; to discharge a debt by delivering (money
owed). "Pay me that thou owest." Matt. xviii. 28.
Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. Matt. xviii. 26.
If they pay this tax, they starve. Tennyson.

4. To discharge or fulfill, as a duy; to perform or render duty, as
that which has been promised.
This day have I paid my vows. Prov. vii. 14.

5. To give or offer, without an implied obligation; as, to pay
attention; to pay a visit.
Not paying me a welcome. Shak.
To pay off. (a) To make compensation to and discharge; as, to pay off
the crew of a ship. (b) To allow (a thread, cord, etc.) to run off;
to unwind.
 -- To pay one's duty, to render homage, as to a sovereign or other
superior.
 -- To pay out (Naut.), to pass out; hence, to slacken; to allow to
run out; as, to pay out more cable. See under Cable.
 -- To pay the piper, to bear the cost, expense, or trouble.
[Colloq.]

PAY
Pay, v. i.

Defn: To give a recompense; to make payment, requital, or
satisfaction; to discharge a debt.
The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again. Ps. xxxvii. 21.

2. Hence, to make or secure suitable return for expense or trouble;
to be remunerative or profitable; to be worth the effort or pains
required; as, it will pay to ride; it will pay to wait; politeness
always pays. To pay for. (a) To make amends for; to atone for; as,
men often pay for their mistakes with loss of property or reputation,
sometimes with life. (b) To give an equivalent for; to bear the
expense of; to be mulcted on account of.
'T was I paid for your sleeps; I watched your wakings. Beau. & Fl.
-- To pay off. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.) To fall to leeward,
as the head of a vessel under sail.
 -- To pay on. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] To beat with vigor; to
redouble blows. [Colloq.] -- To pay round Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]
(Naut.) To turn the ship's head.

PAY
Pay, n.

1. Satisfaction; content. Chaucer.

2. An equivalent or return for money due, goods purchased, or
services performed; salary or wages for work or service;
compensation; recompense; payment; hire; as, the pay of a clerk; the
pay of a soldier.
Where only merit constant pay receives. Pope.
There is neither pay nor plunder to be got. L'Estrange.
Full pay, the whole amount of wages or salary; maximum pay;
especially, the highest pay or allowance to civil or military
officers of a certain rank, without deductions.
 -- Half pay. See under Half.
 -- Pay day, the day of settlement of accounts.
 -- Pay dirt (Mining), earth which yields a profit to the miner.
[Western U.S.] -- Pay office, a place where payment is made.
 -- Pay roll, a roll or list of persons entitled to payment, with the
amounts due.

PAYABLE
Pay"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. payable. Cf. Pacable.]

1. That may, can, or should be paid; suitable to be paid; justly due.
Drayton.
Thanks are a tribute payable by the poorest. South.

2. (Law)
(a) That may be discharged or settled by delivery of value.
(b) Matured; now due.

PAY CERPS
Pay Cerps.

Defn: A staff corps in the United States navy, consisting of pay
directors, pay inspectors, paymasters, passed assistant paymasters,
and assistant paymasters, having relative rank from captain to
ensign, respectively.

PAY DIRT; PAY ROCK
Pay dirt, Pay rock, etc. (Mining)

Defn: Earth, rock, etc., which yields a profit to the miner. [Western
U. S.]

PAYEE
Pay*ee", n.

Defn: The person to whom money is to be, or has been, paid; the
person named in a bill or note, to whom, or to whose order, the
amount is promised or directed to be paid. See Bill of exchange,
under Bill.

PAYEN
Pay"en, n. & a.

Defn: Pagan. Etym: [F.] [Obs.] Chaucer.

PAYER
Pay"er, n.

Defn: One who pays; specifically, the person by whom a bill or note
has been, or should be, paid.

PAYMASTER
Pay"mas`ter, n.

Defn: One who pays; one who compensates, rewards, or requites;
specifically, an officer or agent of a government, a corporation, or
an employer, whose duty it is to pay salaries, wages, etc., and keep
account of the same.

PAYMASTER-GENERAL
Pay"mas`ter-gen"er*al.

1.
 (a) (Mil.) In the United States army, an officer of the rank of
brigadier general, who commands the pay department, which is charged
with the payment of the officers and men.
 (b) (Nav.) In the United States navy, the Chief of the Bureau of
Provisions and Clothing, who has charge of the payment of officers
and men and their clothing and subsistence. He has the rank of rear
admiral.

2.  In Great Britain, an officer of the Treasury who makes all
payments and disbursements, civil as well as military. He is a member
of the ministry, but not of the cabinet.

PAYMENT
Pay"ment, n. Etym: [F. payment, paiement. See Pay to requite.]

1. The act of paying, or giving compensation; the discharge of a debt
or an obligation.
No man envieth the payment of a debt. Bacon.

2. That which is paid; the thing given in discharge of a debt, or an
obligation, or in fulfillment of a promise; reward; recompense;
requital; return. Shak.

3. Punishment; chastisement. [R.]

PAYN
Payn, n. Etym: [OF. & F. pain, fr. L. panis bread.]

Defn: Bread. Having Piers Plowman.

PAYNDEMAIN
Payn`de*main", n. Etym: [OF. pain bread + demaine manorial, lordly,
own, private. See Payn, and Demesne. Said to be so called from the
figure of our Lord impressed upon it.]

Defn: The finest and whitest bread made in the Middle Ages; -- called
also paynemain, payman. [Obs.]

PAYNE'S PROCESS
Payne's process.

Defn: A process for preserving timber and rendering it incombustible
by impregnating it successively with solutions of sulphate of iron
and calcium chloride in vacuo. --Payn"ize, v. t.

PAYNIM
Pay"nim, n & a.

Defn: See Painim.

PAYNIZE
Payn"ize, v. t. Etym: [From Mr. Payne, the inventor.]

Defn: To treat or preserve, as wood, by a process resembling
kyanizing.

PAYOR
Pay*or", n. (Law)

Defn: See Payer. [R.]

PAYSE
Payse, v. t.

Defn: To poise. [Obs.] Spenser.

PAY STREAK
Pay streak.

1. (Mining) The zone, parallel to the walls of a vein, in which the
ore is concentrated, or any narrow streak of paying ore in less
valuable material.

2.  (Oil Boring) A stratum of oil sand thick enough to make a well
pay.

PAYTINE
Pay"tine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid obtained from a white bark resembling that of the
cinchona, first brought from Payta, in Peru.

PEA
Pea, n. Etym: [OF. peis. See Poise.]

Defn: The sliding weight on a steelyard. [Written also pee.]

PEA
Pea, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Peak, n., 3.

PEA
Pea, n.; pl. Peas or Pease. Etym: [OE. pese, fr. AS. pisa, or OF.
peis, F. pois; both fr. L. pisum; cf. Gr. s was misunderstood in
English as a plural ending. Cf. Pease.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant, and its fruit, of the genus Pisum, of many varieties,
much cultivated for food. It has a papilionaceous flower, and the
pericarp is a legume, popularly called a pod.

Note: When a definite number, more than one, is spoken of, the plural
form peas is used; as, the pod contained nine peas; but, in a
collective sense, the form pease is preferred; as, a bushel of pease;
they had pease at dinner. This distinction is not always preserved,
the form peas being used in both senses.

2. A name given, especially in the Southern States, to the seed of
several leguminous plants (species of Dolichos, Cicer, Abrus, etc.)
esp. those having a scar (hilum) of a different color from the rest
of the seed.

Note: The name pea is given to many leguminous plants more or less
closely related to the common pea. See the Phrases, below. Beach pea
(Bot.), a seashore plant, Lathyrus maritimus.
 -- Black-eyed pea, a West Indian name for Dolichos sphærospermus and
its seed.
 -- Butterfly pea, the American plant Clitoria Mariana, having showy
blossoms.
 -- Chick pea. See Chick-pea.
 -- Egyptian pea. Same as Chick-pea.
 -- Everlasting pea. See under Everlasting.
 -- Glory pea. See under Glory, n.
 -- Hoary pea, any plant of the genus Tephrosia; goat's rue.
 -- Issue pea, Orris pea. (Med.) See under Issue, and Orris.
 -- Milk pea. (Bot.) See under Milk.
 -- Pea berry, a kind of a coffee bean or grain which grows single,
and is round or pea-shaped; often used adjectively; as, pea-berry
coffee.
 -- Pea bug. (Zoöl.) Same as Pea weevil.
 -- Pea coal, a size of coal smaller than nut coal.
 -- Pea crab (Zoöl.), any small crab of the genus Pinnotheres, living
as a commensal in bivalves; esp., the European species (P. pisum)
which lives in the common mussel and the cockle.
 -- Pea dove (Zoöl.), the American ground dove.
 -- Pea-flower tribe (Bot.), a suborder (Papilionaceæ) of leguminous
plants having blossoms essentially like that of the pea. G. Bentham.
 -- Pea maggot (Zoöl.), the larva of a European moth (Tortrix pisi),
which is very destructive to peas.
 -- Pea ore (Min.), argillaceous oxide of iron, occurring in round
grains of a size of a pea; pisolitic ore.
 -- Pea starch, the starch or flour of the common pea, which is
sometimes used in adulterating wheat flour, pepper, etc.
 -- Pea tree (Bot.), the name of several leguminous shrubs of the
genus Caragana, natives of Siberia and China.
 -- Pea vine. (Bot.) (a) Any plant which bears peas. (b) A kind of
vetch or tare, common in the United States (Lathyrus Americana, and
other similar species).
 -- Pea weevil (Zoöl.), a small weevil (Bruchus pisi) which destroys
peas by eating out the interior.
 -- Pigeon pea. (Bot.) See Pigeon pea.
 -- Sweet pea (Bot.), the annual plant Lathyrus odoratus; also, its
many-colored, sweet-scented blossoms.

PEABIRD
Pea"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wryneck; -- so called from its note. [Prov. Eng.]

PEABODY BIRD
Pea"bod*y bird`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) having a
conspicuous white throat. The name is imitative of its note. Called
also White-throated sparrow.

PEACE
Peace, n. Etym: [OE. pees, pais, OF. pais, paiz, pes, F. paix, L.
pax, pacis, akin to pacere, paciscere, pacisci, to make an agreement,
and prob. also pangere to fasten. Cf. Appease, Fair, a., Fay, v.,
Fang, Pacify, Pact, Pay to requite.]

Defn: A state of quiet or tranquillity; freedom from disturbance or
agitation; calm; repose; specifically:
(a) Exemption from, or cessation of, war with public enemies.
(b) Public quiet, order, and contentment in obedience to law.
(c) Exemption from, or subjection of, agitating passions;
tranquillity of mind or conscience.
(d) Reconciliation; agreement after variance; harmony; concord. "The
eternal love and pees." Chaucer.

Note: Peace is sometimes used as an exclamation in commanding
silence, quiet, or order. "Peace! foolish woman." Shak. At peace, in
a state of peace.
 -- Breach of the peace. See under Breach.
 -- Justice of the peace. See under Justice.
 -- Peace of God. (Law) (a) A term used in wills, indictments, etc.,
as denoting a state of peace and good conduct. (b) (Theol.) The peace
of heart which is the gift of God.
 -- Peace offering. (a) (Jewish Antiq.) A voluntary offering to God
in token of devout homage and of a sense of friendly communion with
Him. (b) A gift or service offered as satisfaction to an offended
person.
 -- Peace officer, a civil officer whose duty it is to preserve the
public peace, to prevent riots, etc., as a sheriff or constable.
 -- To hold one's peace, to be silent; to refrain from speaking.
 -- To make one's peace with, to reconcile one with, to plead one's
cause with, or to become reconciled with, another. "I will make your
peace with him." Shak.

PEACE
Peace, v. t. & i.

Defn: To make or become quiet; to be silent; to stop. [R.] "Peace
your tattlings." Shak.
When the thunder would not peace at my bidding. Shak.

PEACEABLE
Peace"a*ble, a. Etym: [OE. peisible, F. paisible.]

Defn: Begin in or at peace; tranquil; quiet; free from, or not
disposed to, war, disorder, or excitement; not quarrelsome.
 -- Peace"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Peace"a*bly, adv.

Syn.
 -- Peaceful; pacific; tranquil; quiet; mild; undisturbed; serene;
still.
 -- Peaceable, Peaceful. Peaceable describes the state of an
individual, nation, etc., in reference to external hostility, attack,
etc.; peaceful, in respect to internal disturbance. The former
denotes "in the spirit of peace;" latter; "in the possession or
enjoyment of peace." A peaceable adjustment of difficulties; a
peaceful life, scene.

PEACEBREAKER
Peace"break`er, n.

Defn: One who disturbs the public peace.
 -- Peace"break`ing, n.

PEACEFUL
Peace"ful, a.

1. Possessing or enjoying peace; not disturbed by war, tumult,
agitation, anxiety, or commotion; quiet; tranquil; as, a peaceful
time; a peaceful country; a peaceful end.

2. Not disposed or tending to war, tumult or agitation; pacific;
mild; calm; peaceable; as, peaceful words.

Syn.
 -- See Peaceable. --Peace"ful*ly, adv..
 -- Peace"ful*ness, n.

PEACELESS
Peace"less, a.

Defn: Without peace; disturbed. Sandys.

PEACEMAKER
Peace"mak`er, n.

Defn: One who makes peace by reconciling parties that are at
variance. Matt. v. 9. --Peace"mak`ing, n.

PEACH
Peach, v. t. Etym: [See Appeach, Impeach.]

Defn: To accuse of crime; to inform against. [Obs.] Foxe.

PEACH
Peach, v. i.

Defn: To turn informer; to betray one's accomplice. [Obs. or Colloq.]
If I be ta'en, I'll peach for this. Shak.

PEACH
Peach, n. Etym: [OE. peche, peshe, OF. pesche, F. pêche, fr. LL.
persia, L. Persicum (sc. malum) a Persian apple, a peach. Cf.
Persian, and Parsee.] (Bot.)

Defn: A well-known high-flavored juicy fruit, containing one or two
seeds in a hard almond-like endocarp or stone; also, the tree which
bears it (Prunus, or Amygdalus Persica). In the wild stock the fruit
is hard and inedible. Guinea, or Sierra Leone, peach, the large
edible berry of the Sarcocephalus esculentus, a rubiaceous climbing
shrub of west tropical Africa.
 -- Palm peach, the fruit of a Venezuelan palm tree (Bactris
speciosa).
 -- Peach color, the pale red color of the peach blossom.
 -- Peach-tree borer (Zoöl.), the larva of a clearwing moth (Ægeria,
or Sannina, exitiosa) of the family Ægeriidæ, which is very
destructive to peach trees by boring in the wood, usually near the
ground; also, the moth itself. See Illust. under Borer.

PEACHBLOW
Peach"blow`, a. (Ceramics)

Defn: Of the delicate purplish pink color likened to that of peach
blooms; -- applied esp. to a Chinese porcelain, small specimens of
which bring great prices in the Western countries.

PEACH-COLORED
Peach"-col`ored, a.

Defn: Of the color of a peach blossom. "Peach-colored satin." Shak.

PEACHER
Peach"er, n.

Defn: One who peaches. [Low] Foxe.

PEACHICK
Pea"chick`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chicken of the peacock.

PEACHY
Peach"y, a.

Defn: Resembling a peach or peaches.

PEACOCK
Pea"cock`, n. Etym: [OE. pecok. Pea- in this word is from AS. peá,
pawa, peacock, fr. L. pavo, prob. of Oriental origin; cf. Gr. taus,
tawus, Ar. tawu. See Cock the bird.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male of any pheasant of the genus Pavo, of which at least
two species are known, native of Southern Asia and the East Indies.

Note: The upper tail coverts, which are long and capable of erection,
are each marked with a black spot bordered by concentric bands of
brilliant blue, green, and golden colors. The common domesticated
species is Pavo cristatus. The Javan peacock (P. muticus) is more
brilliantly colored than the common species.

2. In common usage, the species in general or collectively; a
peafowl. Peacock butterfly (Zoöl.), a handsome European butterfly
(Hamadryas Io) having ocelli like those of peacock.
 -- Peacock fish (Zoöl.), the European blue-striped wrasse (Labrus
variegatus); -- so called on account of its brilliant colors. Called
also cook wrasse and cook.
 -- Peacock pheasant (Zoöl.), any one of several species of handsome
Asiatic pheasants of the genus Polyplectron. They resemble the
peacock in color.

PEACOCK THRONE
Pea"cock` Throne.

1. A famous throne formerly of the kings of Delhi, India, but since
1739, when it was carried off by Nadir Shah, held by the shahs of
Persia (later Iran); -- so called from its bearing a fully expanded
peacock's tail done in gems.

PEAFOWL
Pea"fowl`, n. Etym: [See Peacock.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The peacock or peahen; any species of Pavo.

PEAG
Peag, n. [Written also peage, peak, peeke.] [Prob. of North Amer.
Indian origin.]

Defn: A kind of aboriginal shell money, or wampum, of the Atlantic
coast of the United States; -- originally applied only to polished
white cylindrical beads.

PEAGE
Pe"age, n.

Defn: See Paage.

PEAGRIT
Pea"grit`, n. (Min.)

Defn: A coarse pisolitic limestone. See Pisolite.

PEAHEN
Pea"hen`, n. Etym: [See Peacock.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hen or female peafowl.

PEA-JACKET
Pea"-jack`et, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. D. pij, pije, a coat of a coarse
woolen stuff.]

Defn: A thick loose woolen jacket, or coat, much worn by sailors in
cold weather.

PEAK
Peak, n. Etym: [OE. pek, AS. peac, perh of Celtic origin; cf. Ir.
peac a sharp-pointed thing. Cf. Pike.]

1. A point; the sharp end or top of anything that terminates in a
point; as, the peak, or front, of a cap. "Run your beard into a
peak." Beau. & Fl.

2. The top, or one of the tops, of a hill, mountain, or range, ending
in a point; often, the whole hill or mountain, esp. when isolated;
as, the Peak of Teneriffe.
Silent upon a peak in Darien. Keats.

3. (Naut.)
(a) The upper aftermost corner of a fore-and-aft sail; -- used in
many combinations; as, peak-halyards, peak-brails, etc.
(b) The narrow part of a vessel's bow, or the hold within it.
(c) The extremity of an anchor fluke; the bill. [In the last sense
written also pea and pee.] Fore peak. (Naut.) See under Fore.

PEAK
Peak, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Peaked; p. pr. & vb. n. Peaking.]

1. To rise or extend into a peak or point; to form, or appear as, a
peak.
There peaketh up a mighty high mount. Holand.

2. To acquire sharpness of figure or features; hence, to look thin or
sicky. "Dwindle, peak, and pine." Shak.

3. Etym: [Cf. Peek.]

Defn: To pry; to peep slyly. Shak. Peak arch (Arch.), a pointed or
Gothic arch.

PEAK
Peak, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To raise to a position perpendicular, or more nearly so; as, to
peak oars, to hold them upright; to peak a gaff or yard, to set it
nearer the perpendicular.

PEAKED
Peaked, a.

1. Pointed; ending in a point; as, a peaked roof.

2. (Oftener

Defn: Sickly; not robust. [Colloq.]

PEAKING
Peak"ing, a.

1. Mean; sneaking. [Vulgar]

2. Pining; sickly; peakish. [Colloq.]

PEAKISH
Peak"ish, a.

1. Of or relating to a peak; or to peaks; belonging to a mountainous
region. "Her peakish spring." Drayton. "His peakish dialect." Bp.
Hall.

2. Having peaks; peaked.

3. Having features thin or sharp, as from sickness; hence, sickly.
[Colloq.]

PEAKY
Peak"y, a.

1. Having a peak or peaks. Tennyson.

2. Sickly; peaked. [Colloq.]

PEAL
Peal, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small salmon; a grilse; a sewin. [Prov. Eng.]

PEAL
Peal, v. i.

Defn: To appeal. [Obs.] Spencer.

PEAL
Peal, n. Etym: [An abbrev. of F. appel a call, appeal, ruffle of a
drum, fr. appeller to call, L. appellare. See Appeal.]

1. A loud sound, or a succession of loud sounds, as of bells,
thunder, cannon, shouts, of a multitude, etc. "A fair peal of
artillery." Hayward.
Whether those peals of praise be his or no. Shak.
And a deep thunder, peal on peal, afar. Byron.

2. A set of bells tuned to each other according to the diatonic
scale; also, the changes rung on a set of bells. To ring a peal. See
under Ring.

PEAL
Peal, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pealed; p. pr. & vb. n. Pealing.]

1. To utter or give out loud sounds.
There let the pealing organ blow. Milton.

2. To resound; to echo.
And the whole air pealed With the cheers of our men. Longfellow.

PEAL
Peal, v. t.

1. To utter or give forth loudly; to cause to give out loud sounds;
to noise abroad.
The warrior's name, Though pealed and chimed on all the tongues of
fame. J. Barlow.

2. To assail with noise or loud sounds.
Nor was his ear less pealed. Milton.

3. To pour out. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

PEAN
Pean, n. Etym: [OF. pene, F. panne.] (Her.)

Defn: One of the furs, the ground being sable, and the spots or tufts
or.

PEAN
Pe"an, n.

Defn: A song of praise and triumph. See Pæan.

PEANISM
Pe"an*ism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The song or shout of praise, of battle, or of triumph. [R.]

PEANUT
Pea"nut, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of a trailing leguminous plant (Arachis hypogæa);
also, the plant itself, which is widely cultivated for its fruit.

Note: The fruit is a hard pod, usually containing two or three seeds,
sometimes but one, which ripen beneath the soil. Called also
earthnut, groundnut, and goober.

PEANUT BUTTER
Pea"nut but"ter.

Defn: A paste made by mixing ground fresh roasted peanuts with a
small quantity of water or oil, and used chiefly as a relish on
sandwiches, etc.

PEAR
Pear, n. Etym: [OE. pere, AS. peru, L. pirum: cf. F. poire. Cf.
Perry.] (Bot.)

Defn: The fleshy pome, or fruit, of a rosaceous tree (Pyrus
communis), cultivated in many varieties in temperate climates; also,
the tree which bears this fruit. See Pear family, below. Pear blight.
(a) (Bot.) A name of two distinct diseases of pear trees, both
causing a destruction of the branches, viz., that caused by a minute
insect (Xyleborus pyri), and that caused by the freezing of the sap
in winter. A. J. Downing. (b) (Zoöl.) A very small beetle (Xyleborus
pyri) whose larvæ bore in the twigs of pear trees and cause them to
wither.
 -- Pear family (Bot.), a suborder of rosaceous plants (Pomeæ),
characterized by the calyx tube becoming fleshy in fruit, and,
combined with the ovaries, forming a pome. It includes the apple,
pear, quince, service berry, and hewthorn.
 -- Pear gauge (Physics), a kind of gauge for measuring the
exhaustion of an air-pump receiver; -- so called because consisting
in part of a pear-shaped glass vessel. Pear shell (Zoöl.), any marine
gastropod shell of the genus Pyrula, native of tropical seas; -- so
called from the shape.
 -- Pear slug (Zoöl.), the larva of a sawfly which is very injurious
to the foliage of the pear tree.

PEARCH
Pearch, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Perch.

PEARL
Pearl, n.

Defn: A fringe or border. [Obs.] -- v. t.

Defn: To fringe; to border. [Obs.] See Purl. Pearl stitch. See Purl
stitch, under Purl.

PEARL
Pearl, n. Etym: [OE. perle, F. perle, LL. perla, perula, probably fr.
(assumed) L. pirulo, dim. of L. pirum a pear. See Pear, and cf. Purl
to mantle.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shelly concretion, usually rounded, and having a brilliant
luster, with varying tints, found in the mantle, or between the
mantle and shell, of certain bivalve mollusks, especially in the
pearl oysters and river mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves.
It is usually due to a secretion of shelly substance around some
irritating foreign particle. Its substance is the same as nacre, or
mother-of-pearl. Pearls which are round, or nearly round, and of fine
luster, are highly esteemed as jewels, and compare in value with the
precious stones.

2. Hence, figuratively, something resembling a pearl; something very
precious.
I see thee compassed with thy kingdom's pearl. Shak.
And those pearls of dew she wears. Milton.

3. Nacre, or mother-of-pearl.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish allied to the turbot; the brill.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A light-colored tern.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the circle of tubercles which form the bur on a deer's
antler.

7. A whitish speck or film on the eye. [Obs.] Milton.

8. A capsule of gelatin or similar substance containing some liquid
for medicinal application, as ether.

9. (Print.)

Defn: A size of type, between agate and diamond. * This line is
printed in the type called pearl. Ground pearl. (Zoöl.) See under
Ground.
 -- Pearl barley, kernels of barley, ground so as to form small,
round grains.
 -- Pearl diver, one who dives for pearl oysters.
 -- Pearl edge, an edge of small loops on the side of some kinds of
ribbon; also, a narrow kind of thread edging to be sewed on lace.
 -- Pearl eye, cataract. [R.] -- Pearl gray, a very pale and delicate
blue-gray color.
 -- Pearl millet, Egyptian millet (Penicillaria spicata).
 -- Pearl moss. See Carrageen.
 -- Pearl moth (Zoöl.), any moth of the genus Margaritia; -- so
called on account of its pearly color.
 -- Pearl oyster (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large
tropical marine bivalve mollusks of the genus Meleagrina, or
Margaritifera, found in the East Indies (especially at Ceylon), in
the Persian Gulf, on the coast of Australia, and on the Pacific coast
of America. Called also pearl shell, and pearl mussel.
 -- Pearl powder. See Pearl white, below.
 -- Pearl sago, sago in the form of small pearly grains.
 -- Pearl sinter (Min.), fiorite.
 -- Pearl spar (Min.), a crystallized variety of dolomite, having a
pearly luster.
 -- Pearl white. (a) Basic bismuth nitrate, or bismuth subchloride; -
- used chiefly as a cosmetic. (b) A variety of white lead blued with
indigo or Berlin blue.

PEARL
Pearl, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pearl or pearls; made of pearls, or of
mother-of-pearl.

PEARL
Pearl, v. t.

1. To set or adorn with pearls, or with mother-of-pearl. Used also
figuratively.

2. To cause to resemble pearls; to make into small round grains; as,
to pearl barley.

PEARL
Pearl, v. i.

1. To resemble pearl or pearls.

2. To give or hunt for pearls; as, to go pearling.

PEARLACEOUS
Pearl*a"ceous, a.

Defn: Resembling pearl or mother-of-pearl; pearly in quality or
appearance.

PEARLASH
Pearl"ash`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white amorphous or granular substance which consists
principally of potassium carbonate, and has a strong alkaline
reaction. It is obtained by lixiviating wood ashes, and evaporating
the lye, and has been an important source of potassium compounds. It
is used in making soap, glass, etc.

PEARL-EYED
Pearl"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having a pearly speck in the eye; afflicted with the cataract.

PEARLFISH
Pearl"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fish whose scales yield a pearl-like pigment used in
manufacturing artificial pearls, as the bleak, and whitebait.

PEARLINS; PEARLINGS
Pearl"ins, Pearl"ings, n. pl. Etym: [Prob. a corruption of purflings.
See Purfle.]

Defn: A kind of lace of silk or thread. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

PEARLITE; PEARLSTONE
Pearl"ite, Pearl"stone`, n. (Min.)

Defn: A glassy volcanic rock of a grayish color and pearly luster,
often having a spherulitic concretionary structure due to the curved
cracks produced by contraction in cooling. See Illust. under
Perlitic.

PEARLWORT
Pearl"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several species of Sagina, low and
inconspicuous herbs of the Chickweed family.

PEARLY
Pearl"y, a.

1. Containing pearls; abounding with, or yielding, pearls; as, pearly
shells. Milton.

2. Resembling pearl or pearls; clear; pure; transparent; iridescent;
as, the pearly dew or flood.

PEARMAIN
Pear"main, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several kinds of apples; as, the blue pearmain,
winter pearmain, and red pearmain.

PEAR-SHAPED
Pear"-shaped`, a.

Defn: Of the form of a pear.

PEART
Peart, a. Etym: [A variant of pert, a.]

Defn: Active; lively; brisk; smart; -- often applied to
convalescents; as, she is quite peart to-day. [O. Eng. & Colloq. U.
S.]
There was a tricksy girl, I wot, albeit clad in gray, As peart as
bird, as straight as bolt, as fresh as flowers in May. Warner (1592).

PEASANT
Peas"ant, n. Etym: [OF. païsant (the i being perh. due to confusion
with the p.pr. of verbs), païsan, F. paysan, fr. OF. & F. pays
country, fr. L. pagus the country. See Pagan.]

Defn: A countryman; a rustic; especially, one of the lowest class of
tillers of the soil in European countries.

Syn.
 -- Countryman; rustic; swain; hind.

PEASANT
Peas"ant, a.

Defn: Rustic, rural. Spenser.

PEASANTLIKE
Peas"ant*like`, a.

Defn: Rude; clownish; illiterate.

PEASANTLY
Peas"ant*ly, a.

Defn: Peasantlike. [Obs.] Milton.

PEASANTRY
Peas"ant*ry, n.

1. Peasants, collectively; the body of rustics. "A bold peasantry."
Goldsmith.

2. Rusticity; coarseness. [Obs.] p. Butler.

PEASCOD
Peas"cod`, n.

Defn: The legume or pericarp, or the pod, of the pea.

PEASE
Pease, n.; obs.pl. Peases, Peasen. Etym: [See Pea.]

1. A pea. [Obs.] "A peose." "Bread . . . of beans and of peses."
Piers Plowman.

2. A plural form of Pea. See the Note under Pea.

PEASTONE
Pea"stone`, n. (Min.)

Defn: Pisolite.

PEASWEEP
Peas"weep`, n. Etym: [So called from its note.] [Prov. Eng.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The pewit, or lapwing.
(b) The greenfinch.

PEAT
Peat, n. Etym: [Cf. Pet a fondling.]

Defn: A small person; a pet; -- sometimes used contemptuously. [Obs.]
Shak.

PEAT
Peat, n. Etym: [Prob. for beat, prop., material used to make the fire
burn better, fr. AS. b to better, mend (a fire), b advantage. See
Better, Boot advantage.]

Defn: A substance of vegetable origin, consisting of roots and
fibers, moss, etc., in various stages of decomposition, and found, as
a kind of turf or bog, usually in low situations, where it is always
more or less saturated with water. It is often dried and used for
fuel. Peat bog, a bog containing peat; also, peat as it occurs in
such places; peat moss.
 -- Peat moss. (a) The plants which, when decomposed, become peat.
(b) A fen producing peat. (c) (Bot.) Moss of the genus Sphagnum,
which often grows abundantly in boggy or peaty places.
 -- Peat reek, the reek or smoke of peat; hence, also, the peculiar
flavor given to whisky by being distilled with peat as fuel. [Scot.]

PEATY
Peat"y, a.

Defn: Composed of peat; abounding in peat; resembling peat.

PEAVEY; PEAVY
Pea"vey Pea"vy, n. [Said to be from the inventor's name.] (Lumbering)

Defn: A cant hook having the end of its lever armed with a spike.

PEBA
Pe"ba, n. Etym: [Cf. Pg. peba.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An armadillo (Tatusia novemcincta) which is found from Texas to
Paraguay; -- called also tatouhou.

PEBBLE
Peb"ble, n. Etym: [AS. papolstan; cf. L. papula pimple, mote. See
Stone.]

1. A small roundish stone or bowlder; especially, a stone worn and
rounded by the action of water; a pebblestone. "The pebbles on the
hungry beach." Shak.
As children gathering pebbles on the shore. Milton.

2. Transparent and colorless rock crystal; as, Brazilian pebble; --
so called by opticians. Pebble powder, slow-burning gunpowder, in
large cubical grains.
 -- Scotch pebble, varieties of quartz, as agate, chalcedony, etc.,
obtained from cavities in amygdaloid.

PEBBLE
Peb"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pebbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Pebbling.]

Defn: To grain (leather) so as to produce a surface covered with
small rounded prominences.

PEBBLED
Peb"bled, a.

Defn: Abounding in pebbles. Thomson.

PEBBLESTONE
Peb"ble*stone`.

Defn: A pebble; also, pebbles collectively. "Chains of pebblestone."
Marlowe.

PEBBLY
Peb"bly, a.

Defn: Full of pebbles; pebbled. "A hard, pebbly bottom." Johnson.

PEBRINE
Pe`brine", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An epidemic disease of the silkworm, characterized by the
presence of minute vibratory corpuscles in the blood.

PECAN
Pe*can", n. Etym: [Cf. F. pacane the nut.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of hickory (Carya olivæformis), growing in North
America, chiefly in the Mississippi valley and in Texas, where it is
one of the largest of forest trees; also, its fruit, a smooth, oblong
nut, an inch or an inch and a half long, with a thin shell and well-
flavored meat. [Written also pacane.]

PECARY
Pec"a*ry, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Peccary.

PECCABILITY
Pec`ca*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being peccable; lability to sin.
The common peccability of mankind. Dr. H. More.

PECCABLE
Pec"ca*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. peccable. See Peccant.]

Defn: Liable to sin; subject to transgress the divine law. "A frail
and peccable mortal." Sir W. Scott.

PECCADILLO
Pec`ca*dil"lo, n; pl. Peccadillos. Etym: [Sp. pecadillo, dim. of
pecado a sin, fr. L. peccatum. See Peccant.]

Defn: A slight trespass or offense; a petty crime or fault. Sir W.
Scott.

PECCANCY
Pec"can*cy, n. Etym: [L. peccantia.]

1. The quality or state of being peccant.

2. A sin; an offense. W. Montagu.

PECCANT
Pec"cant, a. Etym: [L. peccans, -antis, p.pr. of peccare to sin: cf.
F. peccant.]

1. Sinning; guilty of transgression; criminal; as, peccant angels.
Milton.

2. Morbid; corrupt; as, peccant humors. Bacon.

3. Wrong; defective; faulty. [R.] Ayliffe.

PECCANT
Pec"cant, n.

Defn: An offender. [Obs.] Whitlock.

PECCANTLY
Pec"cant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a peccant manner.

PECCARY
Pec"ca*ry, n.; pl. Peccaries. Etym: [From the native South American
name: cf. F. pécari, Sp. pecar.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A pachyderm of the genus Dicotyles.

Note: The collared peccary, or tajacu (Dicotyles torquatus), is about
the size and shape of a small hog, and has a white ring aroung the
neck. It ranges from Arkansas to Brazil. A larger species (D.
labiatus), with white cheeks, is found in South America.

PECCAVI
Pec*ca"vi. Etym: [L.]

Defn: I have sinned; -- used colloquially to express confession or
acknowledgment of an offense. Aubrey.

PECCO
Pec"co, n.

Defn: See Pekoe.

PECK
Peck, n. Etym: [Perh. akin to pack; or, orig., an indefinite
quantity, and fr. peck, v. (below): cf. also F. picotin a peak.]

1. The fourth part of a bushel; a dry measure of eight quarts; as, a
peck of wheat. "A peck of provender." Shak.

2. A great deal; a large or excessive quantity. "A peck of
uncertainties and doubts." Milton.

PECK
Peck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pecked; p. pr. & vb. n. Pecking.] Etym:
[See Pick, v.]

1. To strike with the beak; to thrust the beak into; as, a bird pecks
a tree.

2. Hence: To strike, pick, thrust against, or dig into, with a
pointed instrument; especially, to strike, pick, etc., with repeated
quick movements.

3. To seize and pick up with the beak, or as with the beak; to bite;
to eat; -- often with up. Addison.
This fellow pecks up wit as pigeons peas. Shak.

4. To make, by striking with the beak or a pointed instrument; as, to
peck a hole in a tree.

PECK
Peck, v. i.

1. To make strokes with the beak, or with a pointed instrument.
Carew.

2. To pick up food with the beak; hence, to eat.
[The hen] went pecking by his side. Dryden.
To peck at, to attack with petty and repeated blows; to carp at; to
nag; to tease.

PECK
Peck, n.

Defn: A quick, sharp stroke, as with the beak of a bird or a pointed
instrument.

PECKER
Peck"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, pecks; specif., a bird that pecks holes in
trees; a woodpecker.

2. An instrument for pecking; a pick. Garth. Flower pecker. (Zoöl.)
See under Flower.

PECKISH
Peck"ish, a.

Defn: Inclined to eat; hungry. [Colloq.] "When shall I feel peckish
again" Beaconsfield.

PECKLED
Pec"kled, a.

Defn: Speckled; spotted. [Obs.]

PECOPTERIS
Pe*cop"te*ris, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extensive genus of fossil ferns; -- so named from the
regular comblike arrangement of the leaflets.

PECORA
Pec"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. pecus. See Pecuniary.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division of ruminants, including the antelopes,
deer, and cattle.

PECTATE
Pec"tate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of pectic acid.

PECTEN
Pec"ten, n. Etym: [L. pecten, -inis, a comb, a kind of shellfish. See
Pectinate.]

1. (Anat.)
(a) A vascular pigmented membrane projecting into the vitreous humor
within the globe of the eye in birds, and in many reptiles and
fishes; -- also called marsupium.
(b) The pubic bone.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of bivalve mollusks of the genus Pecten, and
numerous allied genera (family Pectinidæ); a scallop. See Scallop.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The comb of a scorpion. See Comb, 4 (b).

PECTIC
Pec"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to pectin; specifically, designating an acid
obtained from ordinary vegetable jelly (pectin) as an amorphous
substance, tough and horny when dry, but gelatinous when moist.

PECTIN
Pec"tin, n. Etym: [Gr. pectine.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of carbohydrates, commonly called vegetable
jelly, found very widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom,
especially in ripe fleshy fruits, as apples, cranberries, etc. It is
extracted as variously colored, translucent substances, which are
soluble in hot water but become viscous on cooling.

PECTINAL
Pec"ti*nal, a. Etym: [L. pecten comb. See Pectinate.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a comb; resembling a comb.

PECTINAL
Pec"ti*nal, n.

Defn: A fish whose bone Sir T. Browne.

PECTINATE; PECTINATED
Pec"ti*na`te, Pec"ti*na`ted, a. Etym: [L. pectinatus, p.pr. of
pectinare to comb, from pecten, -inis, a comb; cf. Gr. feax hair,
OHG. fahs, E. paxwax.]

1. Resembling the teeth of a comb.

2. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Having very narrow, close divisions, in arrangement and
regularity resembling those of a comb; comblike; as, a pectinate
leaf; pectinated muscles. See Illust. (e) of Antennæ.

3. Interlaced, like two combs. [R.] "Our fingers pectinated, or shut
together." Sir T. Browne. Pectinate claw (Zoöl.), a claw having a
serrate edge, found in some birds, and supposed to be used in
cleaning the feathers.

PECTINATELY
Pec"ti*nate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pectinate manner.

PECTINATION
Pec`ti*na"tion, n.

1. The state of being pectinated; that which is pectinated. Sir T.
Browne.

2. The act of combing; the combing of the head.

3. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Comblike toothing.

PECTINEAL
Pec*tin"e*al, a. Etym: [See Pecten.] (Anat.)
(a) Of or pertaining to the pecten.
(b) Relating to, or connected with, the pubic bone.

PECTINIBRANCH
Pec*tin"i*branch, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Pectinibranchiata. Also used adjectively.

PECTINIBRANCHIATA
Pec`ti*ni*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pecten, and Branchia.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Gastropoda, including those that have a comblike
gill upon the neck.

PECTINIBRANCHIATE
Pec`ti*ni*bran"chi*ate, a. Etym: [L. pecten, -inis, a comb + E.
branchiate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having pectinated gills.

PECTINIFORM
Pec*tin"i*form, a.

Defn: Comblike in form.

PECTIZE
Pec*tize", v. i. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To congeal; to change into a gelatinous mass. [R.] H. Spencer.

PECTOLITE
Pec"to*lite, n. Etym: [L. pecten a comb + -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A whitish mineral occurring in radiated or fibrous crystalline
masses. It is a hydrous silicate of lime and soda.

PECTORAL
Pec"to*ral, a. Etym: [L. pectoralis, fr. pectus, -oris the breast;
cf. F. pectoral.]

1. Of or pertaining to the breast, or chest; as, the pectoral
muscles.

2. Relating to, or good for, diseases of the chest or lungs; as, a
pectoral remedy.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the breast conspicuously colored; as, the pectoral
sandpiper. Pectoral arch, or Pectoral girdle (Anat.), the two or more
bony or cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to which the
fore limbs are articulated; the shoulder girdle. In man it consists
of two bones, the scapula and clavicle, on each side.
 -- Pectorial cross (Eccl.), a cross worn on the breast by bishops
and abbots, and sometimes also by canons.
 -- Pectorial fins, or Pectorials (Zoöl.), fins situated on the
sides, behind the gills. See Illust. under Fin.
 -- Pectorial rail. (Zoöl.) See Land rail (b) under Land.
 -- Pectorial sandpiper (Zoöl.), the jacksnipe (b).

PECTORAL
Pec"to*ral, n. Etym: [L. pectorale a breastplate, neut. of
pectorials.]

1. A covering or protecting for the breast.

2. (Eccl.)
(a) A breastplate, esp. that worn by the Jewish high person.
(b) A clasp or a cross worn on the breast.

3. A medicine for diseases of the chest organs, especially the lungs.

PECTORALLY
Pec"to*ral*ly, adv.

Defn: As connected with the breast.

PECTORILOQUIAL
Pec`to*ri*lo"qui*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pectoriloque.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, pectoriloquy.

PECTORILOQUISM
Pec`to*ril"o*quism, n.

Defn: Pectoriloquy.

PECTORILOQUOUS
Pec`to*ril"o*quous, a.

Defn: Pectoriloquial.

PECTORILOQUY
Pec`to*ril"o*quy, n. Etym: [L. pectus, -oris, the breast + loqui to
speak: cf. F. pectoriloquie.] (Med.)

Defn: The distinct articulation of the sounds of a patient's voice,
heard on applying the ear to the chest in auscultation. It usually
indicates some morbid change in the lungs or pleural cavity.

PECTOSE
Pec"tose`, n. Etym: [Pectic + cellulose.] (Chem.)

Defn: An amorphous carbohydrate found in the vegetable kingdom, esp.
in unripe fruits. It is associated with cellulose, and is converted
into substances of the pectin group.

PECTOSIC
Pec*to"sic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, resembling, or derived from, pectose;
specifically, designating an acid supposed to constitute largely
ordinary pectin or vegetable jelly.

PECTOSTRACA
Pec*tos"tra*ca, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A degenerate order of Crustacea, including the Rhizocephala and
Cirripedia.

PECTOUS
Pec"tous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, pectose.

PECTUS
Pec"tus, n.; pl. Pectora. Etym: [L., the breast.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The breast of a bird.

PECUL
Pec"ul, n.

Defn: See Picul.

PECULATE
Pec"u*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Peculated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Peculating.] Etym: [L. peculatus, p.p. of peculari to peculate, akin
to peculium private property. See Peculiar.]

Defn: To appropriate to one's own use the property of the public; to
steal public moneys intrusted to one's care; to embezzle.
An oppressive, . . . rapacious, and peculating despotism. Burke.

PECULATION
Pec`u*la"tion, n.

Defn: The act or practice of peculating, or of defrauding the public
by appropriating to one's own use the money or goods intrusted to
one's care for management or disbursement; embezzlement.
Every British subject . . . active in the discovery of peculations
has been ruined. Burke.

PECULATOR
Pec"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who peculates. "Peculators of the public gold." Cowper.

PECULIAR
Pe*cul"iar, a. Etym: [L. peculiaris, fr. peculium private property,
akin to pecunia money: cf. OF. peculier. See Pecuniary.]

1. One's own; belonging solely or especially to an individual; not
possessed by others; of private, personal, or characteristic
possession and use; not owned in common or in participation.
And purify unto himself a peculiar people. Titus ii. 14.
Hymns . . . that Christianity hath peculiar unto itself. Hooker.

2. Particular; individual; special; appropriate.
While each peculiar power forgoes his wonted seat. Milton.
My fate is Juno's most peculiar care. Dryden.

3. Unusual; singular; rare; strange; as, the sky had a
peculiarappearance.

Syn.
 -- Peculiar, Special, Especial. Peculiar is from the Roman peculium,
which was a thing emphatically and distinctively one's own, and hence
was dear. The former sense always belongs to peculiar (as, a peculiar
style, peculiar manners, etc.), and usually so much of the latter as
to involve feelings of interest; as, peculiar care, watchfulness,
satisfaction, etc. Nothing of this kind belongs to special and
especial. They mark simply the relation of species to genus, and
denote that there is something in this case more than ordinary; as, a
special act of Congress; especial pains, etc.
Beauty, which, either walking or asleep, Shot forth peculiar graces.
Milton.
For naught so vile that on the earth doth live, But to the earth some
special good doth give. Shak.

PECULIAR
Pe*cul"iar, n.

1. That which is peculiar; a sole or exclusive property; a
prerogative; a characteristic.
Revenge is . . . the peculiar of Heaven. South.

2. (Eng. Canon Law)

Defn: A particular parish or church which is exempt from the
jurisdiction of the ordinary. Court of Peculiars (Eng. Law), a branch
of the Court of Arches having cognizance of the affairs of peculiars.
Blackstone.
 -- Dean of peculiars. See under Dean, 1.

PECULIARITY
Pe*cul`iar"i*ty, n.; pl. Peculiarities (.

1. The quality or state of being peculiar; individuality;
singularity. Swift.

2. That which is peculiar; a special and distinctive characteristic
or habit; particularity.
The smallest peculiarity of temper on manner. Macaulay.

3. Exclusive possession or right. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

PECULIARIZE
Pe*cul"iar*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pecularized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pecularizing.]

Defn: To make peculiar; to set appart or assign, as an exclusive
possession. [R.] Dr. John Smith.

PECULIARLY
Pe*cul"iar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a peculiar manner; particulary; in a rare and striking
degree; unusually.

PECULIARNESS
Pe*cul"iar*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being peculiar; peculiarity. Mede.

PECULIUM
Pe*cu"li*um, n. Etym: [L. See Peculiar.]

1. (Rom. Law)

Defn: The saving of a son or a slave with the father's or master's
consent; a little property or stock of one's own; any exclusive
personal or separate property. Burrill.

2. A special fund for private and personal uses.
A slight peculium only subtracted to supply his snuff box and tobacco
pouch. Sir W. Scott.

PECUNIAL
Pe*cu"ni*al, a.

Defn: Pecuniary. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PECUNIARILY
Pe*cun"ia*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pecuniary manner; as regards money.

PECUNIARY
Pe*cun"ia*ry, a. Etym: [L. pecuniarius, fr. pecunia money, orig.,
property in cattle, fr. pecus cattle: cf. F. pécuniaire. See Fee, and
cf. Peculiar.]

1. Relating to money; monetary; as, a pecuniary penalty; a pecuniary
reward. Burke.

PECUNIOUS
Pe*cu"ni*ous, a. Etym: [L. pecuniosus, fr. pecunia: cf. F.
pécunieux.]

Defn: Abounding in money; wealthy; rich. [Obs.] Sherwood.

PED
Ped, n. Etym: [OE. See Peddler.]

Defn: A basket; a hammer; a pannier. [Obs.] Halliwell.

PEDAGE
Ped"age, n. Etym: [LL. pedagium, for pedaticum. See Paage.]

Defn: A toll or tax paid by passengers, entitling them to safe-
conduct and protection. [Obs.] Spelman.

PEDAGOG
Ped"a*gog, n.

Defn: Pedagogue.

PEDAGOGIC
Ped`a*gog"ic, n. Etym: [From Pedagogic, a.; cf. G. pedagogik.]

Defn: See Pedagogics.

PEDAGOGIC; PEDAGOGICAL
Ped`a*gog"ic, Ped`a*gog"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. pédagogique. See
Pedagogue.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pedagogue; suited to, or characteristic
of, a pedagogue.

PEDAGOGICS
Ped`a*gog"ics, n.

Defn: The science or art of teaching; the principles and rules of
teaching; pedagogy.

PEDAGOGISM
Ped"a*gog*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pédagogisme.]

Defn: The system, occupation, character, or manner of pedagogues.
Milton.
Avocation of pedantry and pedagogism. De Foe.

PEDAGOGUE
Ped"a*gogue, n. Etym: [F. pédagogue, L. paedagogus, Gr. Page a
servant, Agent.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A slave who led his master's children to school, and had the
charge of them generally.

2. A teacher of children; one whose occupation is to teach the young;
a schoolmaster.

3. One who by teaching has become formal, positive, or pedantic in
his ways; one who has the manner of a schoolmaster; a pedant.
Goldsmith.

PEDAGOGUE
Ped"a*gogue, v. t. Etym: [Cf. L. paedagogare to instruct.]

Defn: To play the pedagogue toward. [Obs.] Prior.

PEDAGOGY
Ped"a*go`gy, n. Etym: [Gr. pédagogie.]

Defn: Pedagogics; pedagogism. South.

PEDAL
Pe"dal, a. Etym: [L. pedalis, fr. pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf.
Pew.]

1. Of or pertaining to the foot, or to feet, literally or
figuratively; specifically (Zoöl.), pertaining to the foot of a
mollusk; as, the pedal ganglion.

2. (

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pedal; having pedals. Pedal curve or
surface (Geom.), the curve or surface which is the locus of the feet
of perpendiculars let fall from a fixed point upon the straight lines
tangent to a given curve, or upon the planes tangent to a given
surface.
 -- Pedal note (Mus.), the note which is held or sustained through an
organ point. See Organ point, under Organ.
 -- Pedal organ (Mus.), an organ which has pedals or a range of keys
moved by the feet; that portion of a full organ which is played with
the feet.

PEDAL
Pe"dal, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pédale, It. pedale. See Pedal, a.]

1. (Mech.)

Defn: A lever or key acted on by the foot, as in the pianoforte to
raise the dampers, or in the organ to open and close certain pipes; a
treadle, as in a lathe or a bicycle.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A pedal curve or surface.

PEDALIAN
Pe*da"li*an, a.

Defn: Relating to the foot, or to a metrical foot; pedal. [R.]
Maunder.

PEDALITY
Pe*dal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The act of measuring by paces. [R.] Ash.

PEDANEOUS
Pe*da"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. pedaneus of the size of a foot.]

Defn: Going on foot; pedestrian. [R.]

PEDANT
Ped"ant, n. Etym: [F. pédant, It. pedante, fr. Gr. pai^s boy. See
Pedagogue.]

1. A schoolmaster; a pedagogue. [Obs.] Dryden.
A pedant that keeps a school i'th' church. Shak.

2. One who puts on an air of learning; one who makes a vain display
of learning; a pretender to superior knowledge. Addison.
A scholar, yet surely no pedant, was he. Goldsmith.

PEDANTIC; PEDANTICAL
Pe*dan"tic, Pe*dan"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pedant; characteristic of, or resembling,
a pedant; ostentatious of learning; as, a pedantic writer; a pedantic
description; a pedantical affectation. "Figures pedantical." Shak.

PEDANTICALLY
Pe*dan"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pedantic manner.

PEDANTICLY
Pe*dan"tic*ly, adv.

Defn: Pedantically. [R.]

PEDANTISM
Ped"ant*ism, n.

Defn: The office, disposition, or act of a pedant; pedantry. [Obs.]

PEDANTIZE
Ped"ant*ize, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. pédantiser.]

Defn: To play the pedant; to use pedantic expressions. [R.]

PEDANTOCRACY
Ped`an*toc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Pedant + democracy.]

Defn: The sway of pedants. [R.] J. S. Mill.

PEDANTRY
Ped"ant*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pédanterie.]

Defn: The act, character, or manners of a pedant; vain ostentation of
learning. "This pedantry of quotation." Cowley.
'T is a practice that savors much of pedantry. Sir T. Browne.

PEDANTY
Ped"ant*y, n.

Defn: An assembly or clique of pedants. [Obs.] Milton.

PEDARIAN
Pe*da"ri*an, n. Etym: [L. pedarius, fr. pedarius belonging to the
foot, fr. pes, pedis, foot.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: One of a class eligible to the office of senator, but not yet
chosen, who could sit and speak in the senate, but could not vote; --
so called because he might indicate his opinion by walking over to
the side of the party he favored when a vote was taken.

PEDARY
Ped"a*ry, n.; pl. Pedaries. Etym: [L. pedarius of the foot.]

Defn: A sandal. [Obs.] Latimer.

PEDATA
Pe*da"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pedate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of holothurians, including those that have ambulacral
suckers, or feet, and an internal gill.

PEDATE
Ped"ate, a. Etym: [L. pedatus, p.p. of pedare to furnish with feet,
fr. pes, pedis, a foot.] (Bot.)

Defn: Palmate, with the lateral lobes cleft into two or more
segments; -- said of a leaf.
 -- Ped"ate*ly, adv.

PEDATIFID
Pe*dat"i*fid, a. Etym: [Pedate + root of L. findere to split.]
[Colloq.]

Defn: Cleft in a pedate manner, but having the lobes distinctly
connected at the base; -- said of a leaf.

PEDDLE
Ped"dle, v. i. Etym: [From Peddler.]

1. To travel about with wares for sale; to go from place to place, or
from house to house, for the purpose of retailing goods; as, to
peddle without a license.

2. To do a small business; to be busy about trifles; to piddle.

PEDDLE
Ped"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Peddling.]

Defn: To sell from place to place; to retail by carrying around from
customer to customer; to hawk; hence, to retail in very small
quantities; as, to peddle vegetables or tinware.

PEDDLER
Ped"dler, n. Etym: [OE. pedlere, pedlare, also peddare, peoddare, fr.
OE. ped a basket, of unknown origin.]

Defn: One who peddles; a traveling trader; one who travels about,
retailing small wares; a hawker. [Written also pedlar and pedler.]
"Some vagabond huckster or peddler." Hakluyt.

PEDDLERY
Ped"dler*y, n. Etym: [Written also pedlary and pedlery.]

1. The trade, or the goods, of a peddler; hawking; small retail
business, like that of a peddler.

2. Trifling; trickery. [Obs.] "Look . . . into these their deceitful
peddleries." Milton.

PEDDLING
Ped"dling, a.

1. Hawking; acting as a peddler.

2. Petty; insignificant. "The miserable remains of a peddling
commerce." Burke.

PEDERAST
Ped"er*ast, n. Etym: [Gr. paiderasth`s; pai^s, paido`s, a boy +
'era^n to love: cf. F. pédéraste.]

Defn: One guilty of pederasty; a sodomite.

PEDERASTIC
Ped`er*as"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. paiderastiko`s.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to pederasty.

PEDERASTY
Ped"er*as`ty, n. Etym: [Gr. paiderasti`a: cf. F. pédérastie.]

Defn: The crime against nature; sodomy.

PEDERERO
Ped`e*re"ro, n. Etym: [Sp. pedrero, fr. OSp. pedra, Sp. piedra, a
stone, L. petra, fr. Gr. (Mil.)

Defn: A term formerly applied to a short piece of chambered ordnance.
[Written also paterero and peterero.]

PEDESIS
Pe*de"sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

Defn: Same as Brownian movement, under Brownian.

PEDESTAL
Ped"es*tal, n. Etym: [Sp. pedestal; cf. F. piédestal, It.
piedestallo; fr. L. es, pedis, foot + OHG. stal standing place,
station, place, akin to E. stall. See Foot, and Stall, and
Footstall.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: The base or foot of a column, statue, vase, lamp, or the like;
the part on which an upright work stands. It consists of three parts,
the base, the die or dado, and the cornice or surbase molding. See
Illust. of Column.
Build him a pedestal, and say, "Stand there!" Cowper.

2.
(a) (Railroad Cars) A casting secured to the frame of a truck and
forming a jaw for holding a journal box.
(b) (Mach.) A pillow block; a low housing.
(c) (Bridge Building) An iron socket, or support, for the foot of a
brace at the end of a truss where it rests on a pier. Pedestal coil
(steam Heating), a group of connected straight pipes arranged side by
side and one above another, -- used in a radiator.

PEDESTALED
Ped"es*taled, a.

Defn: Placed on, or supported by, a pedestal; figuratively, exalted.
Hawthorne.
Pedestaled haply in a palace court. Keats.

PEDESTRIAL
Pe*des"tri*al, a. Etym: [L. pedester, -esteris, fr. pes, pedis, a
foot: cf. F. pédestere. See Pedal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the feet; employing the foot or feet.

PEDESTRIALLY
Pe*des"tri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pedestrial manner.

PEDESTRIAN
Pe*des"tri*an, a.

Defn: Going on foot; performed on foot; as, a pedestrian journey.

PEDESTRIAN
Pe*des"tri*an, n.

Defn: A walker; one who journeys on foot; a foot traveler; specif., a
professional walker or runner.

PEDESTRIANISM
Pe*des"tri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The act, art, or practice of a pedestrian; walking or running;
traveling or racing on foot.

PEDESTRIANIZE
Pe*des"tri*an*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pedestrianized; p. pr. & vb.
n. Pedestrianizing.]

Defn: To practice walking; to travel on foot.

PEDESTRIOUS
Pe*des"tri*ous, a.

Defn: Going on foot; not winged. [Obs.] "Pedestrious animals." Sir T.
Browne.

PEDETENTOUS
Ped`e*ten"tous, a. Etym: [L. pes, pedis, foot + tendere to stretch
out: cf. L. tentim by degrees.]

Defn: Proceeding step by step; advancing cautiously. [R.]
That pedetentous pace and pedetentous mind in which it behooves the
wise and virtuous improver to walk. Sydney Smith.

PEDI-; PEDO-
Ped"i-, Ped"o-. Etym: [See Foot.]

Defn: Combining forms from L. pes, pedis, foot, as pedipalp,
pedireme, pedometer.

PEDIAL
Pe"di*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the foot, or to any organ called a foot; pedal.
Dana.

PEDIATRIC
Ped`i*at"ric (ped`i*at"rik or ped`i*at"rik), a. [Gr. pai^s, paido`s,
child + 'iatrei`a healing.] (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to the care and medical treatment of children.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]

PEDIATRICS
Ped`i*at"rics, n.

Defn: That branch of medical science which treats of the hygiene and
diseases of children.

PEDICEL
Ped"i*cel, n. Etym: [F. pédicelle. See Pedicle.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) A stalk which supports one flower or fruit, whether solitary or
one of many ultimate divisions of a common peduncle. See Peduncle,
and Illust. of Flower.
(b) A slender support of any special organ, as that of a capsule in
mosses, an air vesicle in algæ, or a sporangium in ferns.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A slender stem by which certain of the lower animals or their
eggs are attached. See Illust. of Aphis lion.

3. (Anat.)
(a) The ventral part of each side of the neural arch connecting with
the centrum of a vertebra.
(b) An outgrowth of the frontal bones, which supports the antlers or
horns in deer and allied animals.

PEDICELED
Ped"i*celed, a.

Defn: Pedicellate.

PEDICELLARIA
Ped`i*cel*la"ri*a, n.; pl. Pedicellariæ. Etym: [NL. See Pedicel.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar forcepslike organ which occurs in large numbers upon
starfishes and echini. Those of starfishes have two movable jaws, or
blades, and are usually nearly, or quite, sessile; those of echini
usually have three jaws and a pedicel. See Illustration in Appendix.

PEDICELLATE
Ped"i*cel`late, a.

Defn: Having a pedicel; supported by a pedicel.

PEDICELLINA
Ped`i*cel*li"na, n. Etym: [NL. See Pedicel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Bryozoa, of the order Entoprocta, having a bell-
shaped body supported on a slender pedicel. See Illust. under
Entoprocta.

PEDICLE
Ped"i*cle, n. Etym: [L. pediculus a little foot, dim. of pes foot:
cf. F. pédicule. See edal, and cf. Pedicel.]

Defn: Same as Pedicel.

PEDICULAR
Pe*dic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. pedicularis, fr. pediculus a louse: cf. F.
pédiculaire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to lice; having the lousy distemper
(phthiriasis); lousy. Southey.

PEDICULATE
Pe*dic"u*late, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Pediculati.

PEDICULATI
Pe*dic`u*la"ti, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pedicle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes including the anglers. See Illust. of Angler
and Batfish.

PEDICULATION
Pe*dic`u*la"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: Phthiriasis.

PEDICULE
Ped"i*cule, n. Etym: [See Pedicle.]

Defn: A pedicel.

PEDICULINA
Pe*dic`u*li"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pediculus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of parasitic hemipterous insects, including the true
lice. See Illust. in Appendix.

PEDICULOUS
Pe*dic"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. pediculosus.]

Defn: Pedicular.

PEDICULUS
Pe*dic"u*lus, n.; pl. Pediculi. Etym: [L., a louse.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of wingless parasitic Hemiptera, including the common
lice of man. See Louse.

PEDICURE
Ped"i*cure, n.  [Pedi- + L. cura care.]

1. The care of the feet and nails.

2.  One who cares for the feet and nails; a chiropodist. --
Ped"i*cure, v. t. --Ped"i*cur*ism (#), n. --Ped"i*cur*ist (#), n.

PEDIFORM
Ped"i*form, a. Etym: [Pedi- + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like a foot.

PEDIGEROUS
Pe*dig"er*ous, a. Etym: [Pedi- + -gerous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Bearing or having feet or legs.

PEDIGREE
Ped"i*gree, n. Etym: [Of unknown origin; possibly fr. F. par degrés
by degrees, -- for a pedigree is properly a genealogical table which
records the relationship of families by degrees; or, perh., fr. F.
pied de grue crane's foot, from the shape of the heraldic
genealogical trees.]

1. A line of ancestors; descent; lineage; genealogy; a register or
record of a line of ancestors.
Alterations of surnames . . . have obscured the truth of our
pedigrees. Camden.
His vanity labored to contrive us a pedigree. Milton.
I am no herald to inquire of men's pedigrees. Sir P. Sidney.
The Jews preserved the pedigrees of their tribes. Atterbury.

2. (Stock Breeding)

Defn: A record of the lineage or strain of an animal, as of a horse.

PEDIGREE CLAUSE
Ped"i*gree clause.

Defn: A clause sometimes inserted in contracts or specifications,
requiring that a material of construction, as cement, must be of a
brand that has stood the test of a specified number of years' use in
an important public work. [Cant, U. S.]

PEDILUVY
Ped"i*lu`vy, n. Etym: [Pedi- + L. luere to wash: cf. It. & Sp.
pediluvio, F. pédiluve.]

Defn: The bathing of the feet, a bath for the feet. [Obs.]

PEDIMANA
Pe*dim"a*na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. pes, pedis, foot + manus
hand.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of marsupials, including the opossums.

PEDIMANE
Ped"i*mane, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pédimane.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A pedimanous marsupial; an opossum.

PEDIMANOUS
Pe*dim"a*nous, a. Etym: [See Pedimana.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having feet resembling hands, or with the first toe opposable,
as the opossums and monkeys.

PEDIMENT
Ped"i*ment, n. Etym: [L. pes, pedis, a foot. See Foot.] (Arch.)

Defn: Originally, in classical architecture, the triangular space
forming the gable of a simple roof; hence, a similar form used as a
decoration over porticoes, doors, windows, etc.; also, a rounded or
broken frontal having a similar position and use. See Temple.

PEDIMENTAL
Ped`i*men"tal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pediment.

PEDIPALP
Ped"i*palp, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pédipalpe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Pedipalpi.

PEDIPALPI
Ped`i*pal"pi, n pl. Etym: [NL. See Pedipalpus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Arachnida, including the whip scorpions
(Thelyphonus) and allied forms. Sometimes used in a wider sense to
include also the true scorpions.

PEDIPALPOUS
Ped`i*pal"pous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the pedipalps.

PEDIPALPUS
Ped`i*pal"pus, n.; pl. Pedipalpi. Etym: [NL. See Pes, and Palpus.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the second pair of mouth organs of arachnids. In some
they are leglike, but in others, as the scorpion, they terminate in a
claw.

PEDIREME
Ped"i*reme, n. Etym: [Pedi- + L. remus oar.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A crustacean, some of whose feet serve as oars.

PEDLAR; PEDLER
Ped"lar, Ped"ler, n.

Defn: See Peddler.

PEDOBAPTISM
Pe`do*bap"tism, n. Etym: [Gr. baptism.]

Defn: The baptism of infants or of small children. [Written also
pædobaptism.]

PEDOBAPTIST
Pe`do*bap"tist, n.

Defn: One who advocates or practices infant baptism. [Written also
pædobaptist.]

PEDOGRAPH
Ped"o*graph, n. [Gr.  ground + -graph.]

Defn: An instrument carried by a pedestrian for automatically making
a topographical record of the ground covered during a journey.

PEDOLOGY
Pe*dol"o*gy, n. [Gr. , , child + -logy.] (Med.)

Defn: Pediatrics.

PEDOMANCY
Ped"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Pedi- + -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by examining the soles of the feet.

PEDOMETER
Pe*dom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Pedi-, pedo- + -meter: cf. F. pédomètre.]
(Mech.)

Defn: An instrument for including the number of steps in walking, and
so ascertaining the distance passed over. It is usually in the form
of a watch; an oscillating weight by the motion of the body causes
the index to advance a certain distance at each step.

PEDOMETRIC; PEDOMETRICAL
Ped`o*met"ric, Ped`o*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or measured by, a pedometer.

PEDOMOTIVE
Ped`o*mo"tive, a. Etym: [Pedi-, pedo- + -motive.]

Defn: Moved or worked by the action of the foot or feet on a pedal or
treadle.

PEDOTROPHY
Pe*dot"ro*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. pédotrophie.]

Defn: The art of nourishing children properly.

PEDRAIL
Ped"rail`, n. [See Pedi-; Rail.] (Mach.)
 (a) A device intended to replace the wheel of a self-propelled
vehicle for use on rough roads and to approximate to the smoothness
in running of a wheel on a metal track. The tread consists of a
number of rubber shod feet which are connected by ball-and-socket
joints to the ends of sliding spokes. Each spoke has attached to it a
small roller which in its turn runs under a short pivoted rail
controlled by a powerful set of springs. This arrangement permits the
feet to accomodate themselves to obstacles even such as steps or
stairs. The pedrail was invented by one B. J. Diplock of London, Eng.
 (b) A vehicle, as a traction engine, having such pedrails.

PEDREGAL
Pe`dre*gal", n. Etym: [Sp., a stony place, fr. piedra stone.]

Defn: A lava field. [Mexico & Western U.S.]

PEDRO
Pe"dro, n. [From Sp. Pedro Peter, L. Petrus, Gr. .] (Card Playing)
 (a) The five of trumps in certain varieties of auction pitch.
 (b) A variety of auction pitch in which the five of trumps counts
five.

PEDUNCLE
Pe*dun"cle, n. Etym: [Formed fr. (assumed) L. pedunculus, dim. of
pes, pedis, a foot: cf. F. pédoncule.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The stem or stalk that supports the flower or fruit of a plant,
or a cluster of flowers or fruits.

Note: The ultimate divisions or branches of a peduncle are called
pedicels. In the case of a solitary flower, the stalk would be called
a peduncle if the flower is large, and a pedicel if it is small or
delicate.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sort of stem by which certain shells and barnacles are
attached to other objects. See Illust. of Barnacle.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: A band of nervous or fibrous matter connecting different parts
of the brain; as, the peduncles of the cerebellum; the peduncles of
the pineal gland.

PEDUNCLED
Pe*dun"cled, a.

Defn: Having a peduncle; supported on a peduncle; pedunculate.

PEDUNCULAR
Pe*dun"cu*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pédonculaire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a peduncle; growing from a peduncle; as, a
peduncular tendril.

PEDUNCULATA
Pe*dun`cu*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Peduncle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Cirripedia, including the stalked or goose
barnacles.

PEDUNCULATE; PEDUNCULATED
Pe*dun"cu*late, Pe*dun"cu*la`ted, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Having a peduncle; growing on a peduncle; as, a pedunculate
flower; a pedunculate eye, as in a lobster.

PEE
Pee, n.

Defn: See 1st Pea.

PEE
Pee, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Bill of an anchor. See Peak, 3 (c).

PEECE
Peece, n. & v. [Obs.]

Defn: See Piece.

PEECHI
Pee"chi, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dauw.

PEEK
Peek, v. i. Etym: [OE. piken: cf. F. piquer to pierce, prick, E.
pique. Cf. Peak.]

Defn: To look slyly, or with the eyes half closed, or through a
crevice; to peep. [Colloq.]

PEEKABOO
Peek"a*boo, n.

Defn: A child's game; bopeep.

PEEL
Peel, n. Etym: [OE. pel. Cf. Pile a heap.]

Defn: A small tower, fort, or castle; a keep. [Scot.]

PEEL
Peel, n. Etym: [F. pelle, L. pala.]

Defn: A spadelike implement, variously used, as for removing loaves
of bread from a baker's oven; also, a T-shaped implement used by
printers and bookbinders for hanging wet sheets of paper on lines or
poles to dry. Also, the blade of an oar.

PEEL
Peel, v. t. Etym: [Confused with peel to strip, but fr. F. piller to
pillage. See Pill to rob, Pillage.]

Defn: To plunder; to pillage; to rob. [Obs.]
But govern ill the nations under yoke, Peeling their provinces.
Milton.

PEEL
Peel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peeled; p. pr. & vb. n. Peeling.] Etym: [F.
peler to pull out the hair, to strip, to peel, fr. L. pilare to
deprive of hair, fr. pilus a hair; or perh. partly fr. F. peler to
peel off the skin, perh. fr. L. pellis skin (cf. Fell skin). Cf.
Peruke.]

1. To strip off the skin, bark, or rind of; to strip by drawing or
tearing off the skin, bark, husks, etc.; to flay; to decorticate; as,
to peel an orange.
The skillful shepherd peeled me certain wands. Shak.

2. To strip or tear off; to remove by stripping, as the skin of an
animal, the bark of a tree, etc.

PEEL
Peel, v. i.

Defn: To lose the skin, bark, or rind; to come off, as the skin,
bark, or rind does; -- often used with an adverb; as, the bark peels
easily or readily.

PEEL
Peel, n.

Defn: The skin or rind; as, the peel of an orange.

PEELE
Pee"le, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A graceful and swift South African antelope (Pelea capreola).
The hair is woolly, and ash-gray on the back and sides. The horns are
black, long, slender, straight, nearly smooth, and very sharp. Called
also rheeboc, and rehboc.

PEELER
Peel"er, n.

Defn: One who peels or strips.

PEELER
Peel"er, n. Etym: [See Peel to plunder.]

Defn: A pillager.

PEELER
Peel"er, n.

Defn: A nickname for a policeman; -- so called from Sir Robert Peel.
[British Slang] See Bobby.

PEELHOUSE
Peel"house`, n.

Defn: See 1st Peel. Sir W. Scott.

PEEN
Peen, n. Etym: [Cf. G. pinne pane of a hammer.]
(a) A round-edged, or hemispherical, end to the head of a hammer or
sledge, used to stretch or bend metal by indentation.
(b) The sharp-edged end of the head of a mason's hammer. [Spelt also
pane, pein, and piend.]

PEEN
Peen, v. t.

Defn: To draw, bend, or straighten, as metal, by blows with the peen
of a hammer or sledge.

PEENGE
Peenge, v. i.

Defn: To complain. [Scot.]

PEEP
Peep, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Peeped; p. pr. & vb. n. Peeping.] Etym: [Of
imitative origin; cf. OE. pipen, F. piper, pépier, L. pipire, pipare,
pipiare, D. & G. piepen. Senses 2 and 3 perhaps come from a transfer
of sense from the sound which chickens make upon the first breaking
of the shell to the act accompanying it; or perhaps from the
influence of peek, or peak. Cf. Pipe.]

1. To cry, as a chicken hatching or newly hatched; to chirp; to
cheep.
There was none that moved the wing, or opened the mouth, or peeped.
Is. x. 14.

2. To begin to appear; to look forth from concealment; to make the
first appearance.
When flowers first peeped, and trees did blossoms bear. Dryden.

3. To look cautiously or slyly; to peer, as through a crevice; to
pry.
eep through the blanket of the dark. Shak.
From her cabined loophole peep. Milton.
Peep sight, an adjustable piece, pierced with a small hole to peep
through in aiming, attached to a rifle or other firearm near the
breech.

PEEP
Peep, n.

1. The cry of a young chicken; a chirp.

2. First outlook or appearance.
Oft have we seen him at the peep of dawn. Gray.

3. A sly look; a look as through a crevice, or from a place of
concealment.
To take t' other peep at the stars. Swift.

4. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any small sandpiper, as the least sandpiper (Trigna minutilla).
(b) The European meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis). Peep show, a small
show, or object exhibited, which is viewed through an orifice or a
magnifying glass.
 -- Peep-o'-day boys, the Irish insurgents of 1784; -- so called from
their visiting the house of the loyal Irish at day break in search of
arms. [Cant]

PEEPER
Peep"er, n.

1. A chicken just breaking the shell; a young bird.

2. One who peeps; a prying person; a spy.
Who's there peepers, . . . eavesdroppers J. Webster.

3. The eye; as, to close the peepers. [Colloq.]

PEEPHOLE
Peep"hole`, n.

Defn: A hole, or crevice, through which one may peep without being
discovered.

PEEPING HOLE
Peep"ing hole`.

Defn: See Peephole.

PEEP SIGHT
Peep sight.

Defn: An adjustable piece, pierced with a small hole to peep through
in aiming, attached to a rifle or other firearm near the breech; --
distinguished from an open sight.

PEEPUL TREE
Pee"pul tree`. Etym: [Hind. pipal, Skr. pippala.] (Bot.)

Defn: A sacred tree (Ficus religiosa) of the Buddhists, a kind of fig
tree which attains great size and venerable age. See Bo tree.
[Written also pippul tree, and pipal tree.]

PEER
Peer, v. i. [imp. & p.p Peered; p. pr. & vb. n. Peering.] Etym: [OF.
parir, pareir equiv. to F. paraître to appear, L. parere. Cf.
Appear.]

1. To come in sight; to appear. [Poetic]
So honor peereth in the meanest habit. Shak.
See how his gorget peers above his gown! B. Jonson.

2. Etym: [Perh. a different word; cf. OE. piren, LG. piren. Cf. Pry
to peep.]

Defn: To look narrowly or curiously or intently; to peep; as, the
peering day. Milton.
Peering in maps for ports, and piers, and roads. Shak.
As if through a dungeon grate he peered. Coleridge.

PEER
Peer, n. Etym: [OE. per, OF. per, F. pair, fr. L. par equal. Cf.
Apparel, Pair, Par, n., Umpire.]

1. One of the same rank, quality, endowments, character, etc.; an
equal; a match; a mate.
In song he never had his peer. Dryden.
Shall they consort only with their peers I. Taylor.

2. A comrade; a companion; a fellow; an associate.
He all his peers in beauty did surpass. Spenser.

3. A nobleman; a member of one of the five degrees of the British
nobility, namely, duke, marquis, earl, viscount, baron; as, a peer of
the realm.
A noble peer of mickle trust and power. Milton.
House of Peers, The Peers, the British House of Lords. See
Parliament.
 -- Spiritual peers, the bishops and archibishops, or lords
spiritual, who sit in the House of Lords.

PEER
Peer v. t.

Defn: To make equal in rank. [R.] Heylin.

PEER
Peer v. t.

Defn: To be, or to assume to be, equal. [R.]

PEERAGE
Peer"age, n. Etym: [See Peer an equal, and cf. Parage.]

1. The rank or dignity of a peer. Blackstone.

2. The body of peers; the nobility, collectively.
When Charlemain with all his peerage fell. Milton.

PEERDOM
Peer"dom, n.

Defn: Peerage; also, a lordship. [Obs.]

PEERESS
Peer"ess, n.

Defn: The wife of a peer; a woman ennobled in her own right, or by
right of marriage.

PEERIE; PEERY
Peer"ie, Peer"y, a. Etym: [See 1st Peer, 2.]

Defn: Inquisitive; suspicious; sharp. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] "Two peery
gray eyes." Sir W. Scott.

PEERLESS
Peer"less, a.

Defn: Having no peer or equal; matchless; superlative. "Her peerless
feature." Shak.
Unvailed her peerless light. Milton.
--Peer"less*ly, adv.
 -- Peer"less*ness, n.

PEERT
Peert, a.

Defn: Same as Peart.

PEERWEET
Peer"weet, n.

Defn: Same as Pewit (a & b).

PEEVISH
Pee"vish, a. Etym: [OE. pevische; of uncertain origin, perh. from a
word imitative of the noise made by fretful children + -ish.]

1. Habitually fretful; easily vexed or fretted; hard to please; apt
to complain; querulous; petulant. "Her peevish babe." Wordsworth.
She is peevish, sullen, froward. Shak.

2. Expressing fretfulness and discontent, or unjustifiable
dissatisfaction; as, a peevish answer.

3. Silly; childish; trifling. [Obs.]
To send such peevish tokens to a king. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Querulous; petulant; cross; ill-tempered; testy; captious;
discontented. See Fretful.

PEEVISHLY
Pee"vish*ly, adv.

Defn: In a peevish manner. Shak.

PEEVISHNESS
Pee"vish*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being peevish; disposition to murmur; sourness
of temper.

Syn.
 -- See Petulance.

PEEVIT; PEEWIT
Pee"vit, Pee"wit, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Pewit.

PEG
Peg, n. Etym: [OE. pegge; cf. Sw. pigg, Dan. pig a point, prickle,
and E. peak.]

1. A small, pointed piece of wood, used in fastening boards together,
in attaching the soles of boots or shoes, etc.; as, a shoe peg.

2. A wooden pin, or nail, on which to hang things, as coats, etc.
Hence, colloquially and figuratively: A support; a reason; a pretext;
as, a peg to hang a claim upon.

3. One of the pins of a musical instrument, on which the strings are
strained. Shak.

4. One of the pins used for marking points on a cribbage board.

5. A step; a degree; esp. in the slang phrase "To take one down peg."
To screw papal authority to the highest peg. Barrow.
And took your grandess down a peg. Hudibras.
Peg ladder, a ladder with but one standard, into which cross pieces
are inserted.
 -- Peg tankard, an ancient tankard marked with pegs, so as divide
the liquor into equal portions. "Drink down to your peg." Longfellow.
 -- Peg tooth. See Fleam tooth under Fleam.
 -- Peg top, a boy's top which is spun by throwing it.
 -- Screw peg, a small screw without a head, for fastening soles.

PEG
Peg, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pegged; p. pr. & vb. n. Pegging.]

1. To put pegs into; to fasten the parts of with pegs; as, to peg
shoes; to confine with pegs; to restrict or limit closely.
I will rend an oak And peg thee in his knotty entrails. Shak.

2. (Cribbage)

Defn: To score with a peg, as points in the game; as, she pegged
twelwe points. [Colloq.]

PEG
Peg, v. i.

Defn: To work diligently, as one who pegs shoes; -- usually with on,
at, or away; as, to peg away at a task.

PEGADOR
Pe`ga*dor", n. Etym: [Sp., a sticker.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of remora (Echeneis naucrates). See Remora.

PEGASEAN
Pe*ga"se*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Pegasus, or, figuratively, to poetry.

PEGASOID
Peg"a*soid, a. Etym: [Pegasus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to Pegasus.

PEGASUS
Peg"a*sus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: A winged horse fabled to have sprung from the body of Medusa
when she was slain. He is noted for causing, with a blow of his hoof,
Hippocrene, the inspiring fountain of the Muses, to spring from Mount
Helicon. On this account he is, in modern times, associated with the
Muses, and with ideas of poetic inspiration.
Each spurs his jaded Pegasus apace. Byron.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A northen constellation near the vernal equinoctial point. Its
three brightest stars, with the brightest star of Andromeda, form the
square of Pegasus.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small fishes, having large pectoral fins, and the
body covered with hard, bony plates. Several species are known from
the East Indies and China.

PEGGER
Peg"ger, n.

Defn: One who fastens with pegs.

PEGGING
Peg"ging, n.

Defn: The act or process of fastening with pegs.

PEGM
Pegm, n. Etym: [L. pegma a movable stage, Gr.

Defn: A sort of moving machine employed in the old pageants. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.

PEGMATITE
Peg"ma*tite, n. Etym: [From Gr. pegmatite. See Pegm.] (Min.)
(a) Graphic granite. See under Granite.
(b) More generally, a coarse granite occurring as vein material in
other rocks.

PEGMATITIC
Peg`ma*tit"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, pegmatite; as, the pegmatic
structure of certain rocks resembling graphic granite.

PEGMATOID
Peg"ma*toid, a. Etym: [Pegmatite + -oid.] (Min.)

Defn: Resembling pegmatite; pegmatic.

PEGOMANCY
Peg"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -macy.]

Defn: Divination by fountains. [R.]

PEGROOTS
Peg"roots`, n.

Defn: Same as Setterwort.

PEHLEVI
Peh"le*vi`, n. Etym: [Parsee Pahlavi.]

Defn: An ancient Persian dialect in which words were partly
represented by their Semitic equivalents. It was in use from the 3d
century (and perhaps earlier) to the middle of the 7th century, and
later in religious writings. [Written also Pahlavi.]

PEIGNOIR
Pei`gnoir", n. [F., fr. peigner to comb, L. pectinare. See
Pectinate.]

Defn: A woman's loose dressing sack; hence, a loose morning gown or
wrapper.

PEIN
Pein, n.

Defn: See Peen.

PEIRAMETER
Pei*ram"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: A dynamometer for measuring the force required to draw wheel
carriages on roads of different constructions. G. Francis.

PEIRASTIC
Pei*ras"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Fitted for trail or test; experimental; tentative; treating of
attempts.

PEISE
Peise, n. Etym: [See Poise.]

Defn: A weight; a poise. [Obs.] "To weigh pence with a peise." Piers
Plowman.

PEISE
Peise, v. t.

Defn: To poise or weight. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Lest leaden slumber peise me down. Shak.

PEITREL
Pei"trel, n. (Anc. Armor)

Defn: See Peytrel.

PEJORATIVE
Pe*jor"a*tive, a. Etym: [F. péjoratif, fr. L. pejor, used as compar.
of malus evil.]

Defn: Implying or imputing evil; depreciatory; disparaging;
unfavorable.

PEKAN
Pek"an, n. Etym: [F. pekan.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Fisher, 2.

PEKOE
Pek"oe, n. Etym: [Chin. pih-hoau: cf. F. pekoë]

Defn: A kind of black tea. [Written also pecco.]

PELA
Pe"la, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wax insect, under Wax.

PELAGE
Pel"age, n. Etym: [F. pelage, fr. L. pilus hair.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The covering, or coat, of a mammal, whether of wool, fur, or
hair.

PELAGIAN
Pe*la"gi*an, a. Etym: [L. pelagius, Gr. pélagien.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sea; marine; pelagic; as, pelagian
shells.

PELAGIAN
Pe*la"gi*an, n. Etym: [L. Pelagianus: cf. F. pélagien.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Pelagius, a British monk, born in the later part
of the 4th century, who denied the doctrines of hereditary sin, of
the connection between sin and death, and of conversion through
grace.

PELAGIAN
Pe*la"gi*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pélagien.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Pelagius, or to his doctrines.

PELAGIANISM
Pe*la"gi*an*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pélagianisme.]

Defn: The doctrines of Pelagius.

PELAGIC
Pe*lag"ic, a. Etym: [L. pelagicus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ocean; -- applied especially to animals
that live at the surface of the ocean, away from the coast.

PELARGONIC
Pel`ar*gon"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid (called also
nonoic acid) found in the leaves of the geranium (Pelargonium) and
allied plants.

PELARGONIUM
Pel`ar*go"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A large genus of plants of the order Geraniaceæ, differing from
Geranium in having a spurred calyx and an irregular corolla.

Note: About one hundred and seventy species are known, nearly all of
them natives of South Africa, and many having very beautiful
blossoms. See the Note under Geranium.

PELASGIAN; PELASGIC
Pe*las"gi*an, Pe*las"gic, a. Etym: [L. Pelasgus, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to the Pelasgians, an ancient people of Greece,
of roving habits.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Wandering.

PELECAN
Pel"e*can, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Pelican.

PELECANIFORMES
Pel`e*can`i*for"mes, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pelican, and -form.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Those birds that are related to the pelican; the Totipalmi.

PELECOID
Pel"e*coid, n. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Geom.)

Defn: A figure, somewhat hatched-shaped, bounded by a semicircle and
two inverted quadrants, and equal in area to the square ABCD inclosed
by the chords of the four quadrants. [Written also pelicoid.] Math.
Dict.

PELECYPODA
Pel`e*cyp"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Lamellibranchia.

PELEGRINE
Pel"e*grine, a.

Defn: See Peregrine. [Obs.]

PELERINE
Pel"er*ine, n. Etym: [F. pèlerine a tippet, fr. pèlerin a pilgrim,
fr. L. peregrinus foreign, alien. See Pilgrim.]

Defn: A woman's cape; especially, a fur cape that is longer in front
than behind.

PELE'S HAIR
Pe"le's hair. [After a Hawaiian goddess associated with the crater
Kilauea.]

Defn: Glass threads or fibers formed by the wind from bits blown from
frothy lava or from the tips of lava jets or from bits of liquid lava
thrown into the air. It often collects in thick masses resembling
tow.

PELF
Pelf, n. Etym: [OE. pelfir booty, OF. pelfre, akin to pelfrer to
plunder, and perh. to E. pillage. Cf. Pilfer.]

Defn: Money; riches; lucre; gain; -- generally conveying the idea of
something ill-gotten or worthless. It has no plural. "Mucky pelf."
Spenser. "Paltry pelf." Burke.
Can their pelf prosper, not got by valor or industry Fuller.

PELFISH
Pelf"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pelf. Stanyhurst.

PELFRAY; PELFRY
Pel"fray, Pel"fry, n.

Defn: Pelf; also, figuratively, rubbish; trash. [Obs.] Cranmer.

PELICAN
Pel"i*can, n. Etym: [F. pélican, L. pelicanus, pelecanus, Gr.
paraçu.] [Written also pelecan.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any large webfooted bird of the genus of Pelecanus, of which
about a dozen species are known. They have an enormous bill, to the
lower edge of which is attached a pouch in which captured fishes are
temporarily stored.

Note: The American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) and the
brown species (P. fuscus) are abundant on the Florida coast in
winter, but breed about the lakes in the Rocky Mountains and British
America.

2. (Old Chem.)

Defn: A retort or still having a curved tube or tubes leading back
from the head to the body for continuous condensation and
redistillation.

Note: The principle is still employed in certain modern forms of
distilling apparatus. Frigate pelican (Zoöl.), the frigate bird. See
under Frigate.
 -- Pelican fish (Zoöl.), deep-sea fish (Eurypharynx pelecanoides) of
the order Lyomeri, remarkable for the enormous development of the
jaws, which support a large gular pouch.
 -- Pelican flower (Bot.), the very large and curiously shaped
blossom of a climbing plant (Aristolochia grandiflora) of the West
Indies; also, the plant itself.
 -- Pelican ibis (Zoöl.), a large Asiatic wood ibis (Tantalus
leucocephalus). The head and throat are destitute of feathers; the
plumage is white, with the quills and the tail greenish black.
 -- Pelican in her piety (in heraldry and symbolical art), a
representation of a pelican in the act of wounding her breast in
order to nourish her young with her blood; -- a practice fabulously
attributed to the bird, on account of which it was adopted as a
symbol of the Redeemer, and of charity.
 -- Pelican's foot (Zoöl.), a marine gastropod shell of the genus
Aporrhais, esp. Aporrhais pes-pelicani of Europe.

PELICAN STATE
Pel"i*can State.

Defn: Louisiana; -- a nickname alluding to the device on its seal.

PELICK
Pel"ick, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American coot (Fulica).

PELICOID
Pel"i*coid, n.

Defn: See Pelecoid.

PELICOSAURIA
Pel`i*co*sau"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A suborder of Theromorpha, including terrestrial reptiles from
the Permian formation.

PELIOM
Pe"li*om, n. Etym: [See Pelioma.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of iolite, of a smoky blue color; pelioma.

PELIOMA
Pe`li*o"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: A livid ecchymosis.

2. (Min.)

Defn: See Peliom.

PELISSE
Pe*lisse", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. pelliceus, pellicius, made of skins,
fr. pellis a skin. Cf. Pelt skin, Pilch, and see 2d Pell.]

Defn: An outer garment for men or women, originally of fur, or lined
with fur; a lady's outer garment, made of silk or other fabric.

PELL
Pell, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Pelt, v. t.]

Defn: To pelt; to knock about. [Obs.] Holland.

PELL
Pell, n. Etym: [OF. pel, F. peau, L. pellis a skin. See Fell a skin.]

1. A skin or hide; a pelt.

2. A roll of parchment; a parchment record. Clerk of the pells,
formerly, an officer of the exchequer who entered accounts on certain
parchment rolls, called pell rolls. [Eng.]

PELLACK
Pel"lack, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. Peileag.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A porpoise.

PELLAGE
Pell"age, n. Etym: [See 2d Pell.]

Defn: A customs duty on skins of leather.

PELLAGRA
Pel"la*gra (pel"la*gra), n. (Med.)

Defn: An erythematous affection of the skin, with severe
constitutional and nervous symptoms, endemic in Northern Italy.

PELLAGRIN
Pel"la*grin, n.

Defn: One who is afficted with pellagra. Chambers's Encyc.

PELLAGROUS
Pel*lag"rous, a. [It. pellagroso: cf. F. pellagreux.] (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or affected with, or attendant on, pellagra; as,
pellagrous insanity.

PELLET
Pel"let, n. Etym: [F. pelote, LL. pelota, pilota, fr. L. pila a ball.
Cf. Platoon.]

1. A little ball; as, a pellet of wax .

2. A bullet; a ball for firearms. [Obs.] Bacon.
As swift as a pellet out of a gun. Chaucer.
Pellet molding (Arch.), a narrow band ornamented with smalt, flat
disks.

PELLET
Pel"let, v.

Defn: To form into small balls. [Obs.] Shak.

PELLETED
Pel"let*ed, a.

Defn: Made of, or like, pellets; furnished with pellets. [R.] "This
pelleted storm." Shak.

PELLIBRANCHIATA
Pel`li*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. pellis garment +
branchia a gill.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Nudibranchiata, in which the mantle itself serves
as a gill.

PELLICLE
Pel"li*cle, n. Etym: [L. pellicu, dim. of pellis skin: cf. F.
pellicule.]

1. A thin skin or film.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A thin film formed on the surface of an evaporating solution.

PELLICULAR
Pel*lic"u*lar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pellicle. Henslow.

PELLILE
Pel*li"le, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The redshank; -- so called from its note. [Prov. Eng.]

PELLITORY
Pel"li*to*ry, n. Etym: [OE. paritorie, OF. paritoire, F. pariétaire;
(cf. It. & Sp. parietaria), L. parietaria the parietary, or
pellitory, the wall plant, fr. parietarus belonging to the walls, fr.
paries, parietis a wall. Cf. Parietary.] (Bot.)

Defn: The common name of the several species of the genus Parietaria,
low, harmless weeds of the Nettle family; -- also called wall
pellitory, and lichwort.

Note: Parietaria officinalis is common on old walls in Europe;
P.Pennsylvanica is found in the United States; and six or seven more
species are found near the Mediterranean, or in the Orient.

PELLITORY
Pel"li*to*ry, n. Etym: [Sp. pelitre, fr. L. pyrethrum. See Bertram.]
(Bot.)
(a) A composite plant (Anacyclus Pyrethrum) of the Mediterranean
region, having finely divided leaves and whitish flowers. The root is
the officinal pellitory, and is used as an irritant and sialogogue.
Called also bertram, and pellitory of Spain.
(b) The feverfew (Chrysanthemum Parthenium); -- so called because it
resembles the above.

PELL-MELL
Pell`-mell" (, n.

Defn: See Pall-mall.

PELLMELL
Pell`mell", adv. Etym: [F. pêle-mêle, prob. fr. pelle a shovel +
mêler to mix, as when different kinds of grain are heaped up and
mixed with a shovel. See Pell shovel, Medley.]

Defn: In utter confusion; with confused violence. "Men, horses,
chariots, crowded pellmell." Milton.

PELLUCID
Pel*lu"cid, a. Etym: [L. pellucidus; per (see Per-) + lucidus clear,
bright: cf. F. pellucide.]

Defn: Transparent; clear; limpid; translucent; not opaque. "Pellucid
crystal." Dr. H. More. "Pellucid streams." Wordsworth.

PELLUCIDITY; PELLUCIDNESS
Pel`lu*cid"i*ty, Pel*lu"cid*ness, n. Etym: [L. pelluciditas.]

Defn: The quality or state of being pellucid; transparency;
translucency; clearness; as, the pellucidity of the air. Locke.

PELLUCIDLY
Pel*lu"cid*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pellucid manner.

PELMA
Pel"ma, n.; pl. Pelmata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The under surface of the foot.

PELOPIUM
Pe*lo"pi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Pelops, brother of Niobe, Gr.
(Chem.)

Defn: A supposed new metal found in columbite, afterwards shown to be
identical with columbium, or niobium.

PELOPONNESIAN
Pel`o*pon*ne"sian, a. Etym: [L. Peloponnesius, fr. Peloponnesus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Peloponnesus, or southern peninsula of
Greece.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of the Peloponnesus.

PELORIA
Pe*lo"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Abnormal regularity; the state of certain flowers, which, being
naturally irregular, have become regular through a symmetrical
repetition of the special irregularity.

PELORIC
Pe*lo"ric, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Abnormally regular or symmetrical. Darwin.

PELORUS
Pe*lo"rus, n. [After Pelorus, said to have been Hannibal's pilot when
he left Italy.] (Navig.)

Defn: An instrument similar to a mariner's compass, but without
magnetic needles, and having two sight vanes by which bearings are
taken, esp. such as cannot be taken by the compass.

PELOTA
Pe*lo"ta, n. [Sp., lit., ball.]

Defn: A Basque, Spanish, and Spanish-American game played in a court,
in which a ball is struck with a wickerwork racket.

PELOTAGE
Pel"o*tage, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Packs or bales of Spanish wool.

PELT
Pelt, n. Etym: [Cf. G. pelz a pelt, fur, fr. OF. pelice, F. pelisse
(see Pelisse); or perh. shortened fr. peltry.]

1. The skin of a beast with the hair on; a raw or undressed hide; a
skin preserved with the hairy or woolly covering on it. See 4th Fell.
Sir T. Browne.
Raw pelts clapped about them for their clothes. Fuller.

2. The human skin. [Jocose] Dryden.

3. (Falconry)

Defn: The body of any quarry killed by the hawk. Pelt rot, a disease
affecting the hair or wool of a beast.

PELT
Pelt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pelted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pelting.] Etym:
[OE. pelten, pulten, pilten, to thrust, throw, strike; cf. L.
pultare, equiv. to pulsare (v. freq. fr. pellere to drive), and E.
pulse a beating.]

1. To strike with something thrown or driven; to assail with pellets
or missiles, as, to pelt with stones; pelted with hail.
The children billows seem to pelt the clouds. Shak.

2. To throw; to use as a missile.
My Phillis me with pelted apples plies. Dryden.

PELT
Pelt, v. i.

1. To throw missiles. Shak.

2. To throw out words. [Obs.]
Another smothered seems to peltand swear. Shak.

PELT
Pelt, n.

Defn: A blow or stroke from something thrown.

PELTA
Pel"ta, n.; pl. Peltæ. Etym: [L., a shield, fr. Gr.

1. (Antiq.)

Defn: A small shield, especially one of an approximately elliptic
form, or crescent-shaped.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A flat apothecium having no rim.

PELTATE; PELTATED
Pel"tate, Pel"ta*ted, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pelté. See Pelta.]

Defn: Shield-shaped; scutiform; (Bot.) having the stem or support
attached to the lower surface, instead of at the base or margin; --
said of a leaf or other organ.
 -- Pel"tate*ly, adv.

PELTER
Pelt"er, n.

Defn: One who pelts.

PELTER
Pel"ter, n.

Defn: A pinchpenny; a mean, sordid person; a miser; a skinflint.
[Obs.] "Let such pelters prate." Gascoigne.

PELTIER EFFECT
Pel`tier" ef*fect". [After Jean C. A. Peltier, French physicist, the
discoverer.] (Elec.)

Defn: The production or absorption of heat at the junction of two
metals on the passage of a current. Heat generated by the passage of
the current in one direction will be absorbed if the current is
reversed.

PELTIER'S CROSS
Pel`tier's" cross. (Elec.)

Defn: A cross formed of two strips of different metals, to illustrate
the Peltier effect.

PELTIFORM
Pel"ti*form, a. Etym: [Pelta + -form.]

Defn: Shieldlike, with the outline nearly circular; peltate. Henslow.

PELTING
Pel"ting, a.

Defn: Mean; paltry. [Obs.] Shak.

PELTON WHEEL
Pel"ton wheel. (Mech.)

Defn: A form of impulse turbine or water wheel, consisting of a row
of double cup-shaped buckets arranged round the rim of a wheel and
actuated by one or more jets of water playing into the cups at high
velocity.

PELTRY
Pelt"ry, n. Etym: [F. pelleterie peltry, furriery, fr. pelletier a
furrier, fr. OF. pel skin, F. peau, L. pelis. See Pelt a skin, Pell,
n., Fell a skin.]

Defn: Pelts or skins, collectively; skins with the fur on them; furs.

PELTRYWARE
Pelt"ry*ware`, n.

Defn: Peltry. [Obs.]

PELUDO
Pe*lu"do, n. Etym: [Sp. peludo hairy.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The South American hairy armadillo (Dasypus villosus).

PELURE
Pe*lure", n. [F., lit., peel, fr. peler to peel.]

Defn: A crisp, hard, thin paper, sometimes used for postage stamps.

PELUSIAC
Pe*lu"si*ac, a. Etym: [L. Pelusiacus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Pelusium, an ancient city of Egypt; as, the
Pelusiac (or former eastern) outlet of the Nile.

PELVIC
Pel"vic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pelvis; as, pelvic
cellulitis. Pelvic arch, or Pelvic girdle (Anat.), the two or more
bony or cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to which the
hind limbs are articulated. When fully ossified, the arch usually
consists of three principal bones on each side, the ilium, ischium,
and pubis, which are often closely united in the adult, forming the
innominate bone. See Innominate bone, under Innominate.

PELVIMETER
Pel*vim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Pelvis + -meter.: cf. F. pelvimètre.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the dimensions of the pelvis. Coxe.

PELVIMETRY
Pel*vim"e*try, n.  [Pelvis + -metry.] (Med.)

Defn: The measurement of the pelvis.

PELVIS
Pel"vis, n. Etym: [L., a basin, laver; cf. Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The pelvic arch, or the pelvic arch together with the sacrum.
See Pelvic arch, under Pelvic, and Sacrum.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The calyx of a crinoid. Pelvis of the kidney (Anat.), the
basinlike cavity into which the ureter expands as it joins the
kidney.

PEMBROKE TABLE
Pem"broke ta`ble. [From Pembroke, a town and shire in Wales.]

Defn: A style of four-legged table in vogue in England, chiefly in
the later Georgian period.

The characteristic which gives a table the name of Pembroke consists
in the drop leaves, which are held up, when the table is open, by
brackets which turn under the top.
F. C. Morse.

PEMMICAN
Pem"mi*can, n. Etym: [Written also pemican.]

1. Among the North American Indians, meat cut in thin slices,
divested of fat, and dried in the sun.
Then on pemican they feasted. Longfellow.

2. Meat, without the fat, cut in thin slices, dried in the sun,
pounded, then mixed with melted fat and sometimes dried fruit, and
compressed into cakes or in bags. It contains much nutriment in small
compass, and is of great use in long voyages of exploration.

PEMPHIGUS
Pem*phi"gus, n. Etym: [Nl., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A somewhat rare skin disease, characterized by the development
of blebs upon different part of the body. Quain.

PEN
Pen, n. Etym: [OE. penne, OF. penne, pene, F. penne, fr. L. penna.]

1. A feather. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. A wing. [Obs.] Milton.

3. An instrument used for writing with ink, formerly made of a reed,
or of the quill of a goose or other bird, but now also of other
materials, as of steel, gold, etc. Also, originally, a stylus or
other instrument for scratching or graving.
Graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock. Job xix. 24.

4. Fig.: A writer, or his style; as, he has a sharp pen. "Those
learned pens." Fuller.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The internal shell of a squid.

6. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A female swan. [Prov. Eng.] Bow pen. See Bow-pen.
 -- Dotting pen, a pen for drawing dotted lines.
 -- Drawing, or Ruling, pen, a pen for ruling lines having a pair of
blades between which the ink is contained.
 -- Fountain pen, Geometric pen. See under Fountain, and Geometric.
 -- Music pen, a pen having five points for drawing the five lines of
the staff.
 -- Pen and ink, or pen-and-ink, executed or done with a pen and ink;
as, a pen and ink sketch.
 -- Pen feather. A pin feather. [Obs.] -- Pen name. See under Name.
 -- Sea pen (Zoöl.), a pennatula. [Usually written sea-pen.]

PEN
Pen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penned; p. pr. & vb. n. Penning.]

Defn: To write; to compose and commit to paper; to indite; to
compose; as, to pen a sonnet. "A prayer elaborately penned." Milton.

PEN
Pen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penned or Pent (p. pr. & vb. n. Penning.]
Etym: [OE. pennen, AS. pennan in on-pennan to unfasten, prob. from
the same source as pin, and orig. meaning, to fasten with a peg.See
Pin, n. & v.]

Defn: To shut up, as in a pen or cage; to confine in a small
inclosure or narrow space; to coop up, or shut in; to inclose. "Away
with her, and pen her up." Shak.
Watching where shepherds pen their flocks at eve. Milton.

PEN
Pen, n. Etym: [From Pen to shut in.]

Defn: A small inclosure; as, a pen for sheep or for pigs.
My father stole two geese out of a pen. Shak.

PENAL
Pe"nal, a. Etym: [L. poenalis, fr. poena punishment: cf. F. pénal.
See Pain.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to punishment, to penalties, or to crimes and
offenses; pertaining to criminal jurisprudence: as:
(a) Enacting or threatening punishment; as, a penal statue; the penal
code.
(b) Incurring punishment; subject to a penalty; as, a penalact of
offense.
(c) Inflicted as punishment; used as a means of punishment; as, a
penal colony or settlement. "Adamantine chains and penal fire."
Milton. Penal code (Law), a code of laws concerning crimes and
offenses and their punishment.
 -- Penal laws, Penal statutes (Law), laws prohibited certain acts,
and imposing penalties for committing them.
 -- Penal servitude, imprisonment with hard labor, in a prison, in
lieu of transportation. [Great Brit.] -- Penal suit, Penal action
(Law), a suit for penalties.

PENALITY
Pe*nal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. poenalitas. See Penalty.]

Defn: The quality or state of being penal; lability to punishment.
Sir T. Browne.

PENALIZE
Pe"nal*ize, v. t.

1. To make penal.

2. (Sport.)

Defn: To put a penalty on. See Penalty, 3. [Eng.]

PENALLY
Pe"nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a penal manner.

PENALTY
Pe"nal*ty, n.; pl. Penalties. Etym: [F. pénalité. See Penal.]

1. Penal retribution; punishment for crime or offense; the suffering
in person or property which is annexed by law or judicial decision to
the commission of a crime, offense, or trespass.
Death is the penalty imposed. Milton.

2. The suffering, or the sum to be forfeited, to which a person
subjects himself by covenant or agreement, in case of nonfulfillment
of stipulations; forfeiture; fine.
The penalty and forfeit of my bond. Shak.

3. A handicap. [Sporting Cant]

Note: The term penalty is in law mostly applied to a pecuniary
punishment. Bill of pains and penalties. See under Bill.
 -- On, or Under, penalty of, on pain of; with exposure to the
penalty of, in case of transgression.

PENANCE
Pen"ance, n. Etym: [OF. penance, peneance, L. paenitentia repentance.
See Penitence.]

1. Repentance. [Obs.] Wyclif (Luke xv. 7).

2. Pain; sorrow; suffering. [Obs.] "Joy or penance he feeleth none."
Chaucer.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: A means of repairing a sin committed, and obtaining pardon for
it, consisting partly in the performance of expiatory rites, partly
in voluntary submission to a punishment corresponding to the
transgression. Penance is the fourth of seven sacraments in the Roman
Catholic Church. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
And bitter penance, with an iron whip. Spenser.
Quoth he, "The man hath penance done, And penance more will do."
Coleridge.

PENANCE
Pen"ance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penanced.]

Defn: To impose penance; to punish. "Some penanced lady elf." Keats.

PENANCELESS
Pen"ance*less, a.

Defn: Free from penance. [R.]

PENANG LAWYER
Pe*nang" law"yer. [Prob. fr. Malay pinang liar.]

Defn: A kind of walking stick made from the stem of an East Asiatic
palm (Licuala acutifida).

PENANG NUT
Pe*nang" nut`. Etym: [From the native name.] (Bot.)

Defn: The betel nut. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

PENANNULAR
Pen*an"nu*lar, a. Etym: [L. pene, paene, almost + E. annular.]

Defn: Nearly annular; having nearly the form of a ring. "Penannular
relics." D. Wilson.

PENARY
Pe"na*ry, a.

Defn: Penal. [Obs.] Gauden.

PENATES
Pe*na"tes, n. pl. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The household gods of the ancient Romans. They presided over
the home and the family hearth. See Lar.

PENAUNT
Pen"aunt, n. Etym: [OF. penant, peneant. See Penitent.]

Defn: A penitent. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PENCE
Pence, n.,

Defn: pl. of Penny. See Penny.

PENCEL
Pen"cel, n. Etym: [See Pennoncel.]

Defn: A small, narrow flag or streamer borne at the top of a lance; -
- called also pennoncel. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Chaucer.

PENCHANT
Pen`chant", n. Etym: [F., fr. pencher to bend, fr. (assumed) LL.
pendicare, L. pendere. See Pendant.]

Defn: Inclination; decided taste; bias; as, a penchant for art.

PENCHUTE
Pen"chute`, n.

Defn: See Penstock.

PENCIL
Pen"cil, n. Etym: [OF. pincel, F. pinceau, L. penicillum, penicillus,
equiv. to peniculus, dim. of penis a tail. Cf. Penicil.]

1. A small, fine brush of hair or bristles used by painters for
laying on colors.
With subtile pencil depainted was this storie. Chaucer.

2. A slender cylinder or strip of black lead, colored chalk, slate
etc., or such a cylinder or strip inserted in a small wooden rod
intended to be pointed, or in a case, which forms a handle, -- used
for drawing or writing. See Graphite.

3. Hence, figuratively, an artist's ability or peculiar manner; also,
in general, the act or occupation of the artist, descriptive writer,
etc.

4. (Opt.)

Defn: An aggregate or collection of rays of light, especially when
diverging from, or converging to, a point.

5. (Geom.)

Defn: A number of lines that intersect in one point, the point of
intersection being called the pencil point.

6. (Med.)

Defn: A small medicated bougie. Pencil case, a holder for pencil
lead.
 -- Pencil flower (Bot.), an American perennial leguminous herb
(Stylosanthes elatior).
 -- Pencil lead, a slender rod of black lead, or the like, adapted
for insertion in a holder.

PENCIL
Pen"cil, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penciled or Pencilled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Penciling or Pencilling.]

Defn: To write or mark with a pencil; to paint or to draw. Cowper.
Where nature pencils butterflies on flowers. Harte.

PENCILED
Pen"ciled, a. Etym: [Written also pencilled.]

1. Painted, drawn, sketched, or marked with a pencil.

2. Radiated; having pencils of rays.

3. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Marked with parallel or radiating lines.

PENCILING
Pen"cil*ing, n. Etym: [Written also pencilling.]

1. The work of the pencil or bruch; as, delicate penciling in a
picture.

2. (Brickwork)

Defn: Lines of white or black paint drawn along a mortar joint in a
brick wall. Knight.

PENCILLATE; PENCILLATED
Pen"cil*late, Pen"cil*la`ted, a.

Defn: Shaped like a pencil; penicillate.

PENCRAFT
Pen"craft, n.

1. Penmanship; skill in writing; chirography.

2. The art of composing or writing; authorship.
I would not give a groat for that person's knowledge in pencraft. S

PEND
Pend, n.

Defn: Oil cake; penock. [India]

PEND
Pend, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pended; p. pr. & vb. n. Pending.] Etym: [L.
pendere.]

1. To hang; to depend. [R.]
Pending upon certain powerful motions. I. Taylor.

2. To be undecided, or in process of adjustment.

PEND
Pend, v. t. Etym: [Cf. pen to shut in, or AS. pyndan, E. pound an
inclosure.]

Defn: To pen; to confine. [R.]
ended within the limits . . . of Greece. Udall.

PENDANT
Pend"ant, n. Etym: [F., orig. p.pr. of pendre to hang, L. pendere.
Cf. Pendent, Pansy, Pensive, Poise, Ponder.]

1. Something which hangs or depends; something suspended; a hanging
appendage, especially one of an ornamental character; as to a
chandelier or an eardrop; also, an appendix or addition, as to a
book.
Some hang upon the pendants of her ear. Pope.
Many . . . have been pleased with this work and its pendant, the
Tales and Popular Fictions. Keightley.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A hanging ornament on roofs, ceilings, etc., much used in the
later styles of Gothic architecture, where it is of stone, and an
important part of the construction. There are imitations in plaster
and wood, which are mere decorative features. "[A bridge] with . . .
pendants graven fair." Spenser.

3. (Fine Arts)

Defn: One of a pair; a counterpart; as, one vase is the pendant to
the other vase.

4. A pendulum. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

5. The stem and ring of a watch, by which it is suspended. [U.S.]
Knight. Pendant post (Arch.), a part of the framing of an open timber
roof; a post set close against the wall, and resting upon a corbel or
other solid support, and supporting the ends of a collar beam or any
part of the roof.

PENDENCE
Pend"ence, n. Etym: [See Pendent.]

Defn: Slope; inclination. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

PENDENCY
Pend"en*cy, n.

1. The quality or state of being pendent or suspended.

2. The quality or state of being undecided, or in continuance;
suspense; as, the pendency of a suit. Ayliffe.

PENDENT
Pend"ent, a. Etym: [L. pendens, -entis, p.pr. of pendere to hang, to
be suspended. Cf. Pendant.]

1. Supported from above; suspended; depending; pendulous; hanging;
as, a pendent leaf. "The pendent world." Shak.
Often their tresses, when shaken, with pendent icicles tinkle.
Longfellow.

2. Jutting over; projecting; overhanging. "A vapor sometime like a .
. . pendent rock." Shak.

PENDENTIVE
Pen*den"tive, n. Etym: [F. pendentif, fr. L. pendere to hang.]
(Arch.)
(a) The portion of a vault by means of which the square space in the
middle of a building is brought to an octagon or circle to receive a
cupola.
(b) The part of a groined vault which is supported by, and springs
from, one pier or corbel.

PENDENTLY
Pend"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pendent manner.

PENDICE
Pen"dice, n. Etym: [Cf. Pentice.]

Defn: A sloping roof; a lean-to; a penthouse. [Obs.] Fairfax.

PENDICLE
Pen"di*cle, n. Etym: [Cf. Appendicle.]

Defn: An appendage; something dependent on another; an appurtenance;
a pendant. Sir W. Scott.

PENDICLER
Pen*di*cler, n.

Defn: An inferior tenant; one who rents a pendicle or croft. [Scot.]
Jamieson.

PENDING
Pend"ing, a. Etym: [L. pendere to hang, to be suspended. Cf.
Pendent.]

Defn: Not yet decided; in continuance; in suspense; as, a pending
suit.

PENDING
Pend"ing, prep.

Defn: During; as, pending the trail.

PENDRAGON
Pen"drag*on, n.

Defn: A chief leader or a king; a head; a dictator; -- a title
assumed by the ancient British chiefs when called to lead other
chiefs.
The dread Pendragon, Britain's king of kings. Tennyson.

PENDULAR
Pen"du*lar, a.

Defn: Pendulous.

PENDULATE
Pen"du*late, v. i.

Defn: To swing as a pendulum. [R.]

PENDULE
Pen"dule, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A pendulum. [R.] Evelyn.

PENDULINE
Pen"du`line, n. Etym: [F. See Pendulum.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European titmouse (Parus, or Ægithalus, pendulinus). It is
noted for its elegant pendulous purselike nest, made of the down of
willow trees and lined with feathers.

PENDULOSITY
Pen`du*los"i*ty, n. Etym: [See Pendulous.]

Defn: The state or quality of being pendulous. Sir T. Browne.

PENDULOUS
Pen"du*lous, a. Etym: [L. pendulus, fr. pendere to hang. Cf. Pendant,
and cf. Pendulum.]

1. Depending; pendent loosely; hanging; swinging. Shak. "The
pendulous round earth. Milton.

2. Wavering; unstable; doubtful. [R.] "A pendulous state of mind."
Atterbury.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Inclined or hanging downwards, as a flower on a recurved stalk,
or an ovule which hangs from the upper part of the ovary.

PENDULOUSLY
Pen"du*lous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pendulous manner.

PENDULOUSNESS
Pen"du*lous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being pendulous; the state of hanging
loosely; pendulosity.

PENDULUM
Pen"du*lum, n.; pl. Pendulums. Etym: [NL., fr. L. pendulus hanging,
swinging. See Pendulous.]

Defn: A body so suspended from a fixed point as to swing freely to
and fro by the alternate action of gravity and momentum. It is used
to regulate the movements of clockwork and other machinery.

Note: The time of oscillation of a pendulum is independent of the arc
of vibration, provided this arc be small. Ballistic pendulum. See
under Ballistic.
 -- Compensation pendulum, a clock pendulum in which the effect of
changes of temperature of the length of the rod is so counteracted,
usually by the opposite expansion of differene metals, that the
distance of the center of oscillation from the center of suspension
remains invariable; as, the mercurial compensation pendulum, in which
the expansion of the rod is compensated by the opposite expansion of
mercury in a jar constituting the bob; the gridiron pendulum, in
which compensation is effected by the opposite expansion of sets of
rodsof different metals.
 -- Compound pendulum, an ordinary pendulum; -- so called, as being
made up of different parts, and contrasted with simple pendulum.
 -- Conical or Revolving, pendulum, a weight connected by a rod with
a fixed point; and revolving in a horizontal cyrcle about the
vertical from that point.
 -- Pendulum bob, the weight at the lower end of a pendulum.
 -- Pendulum level, a plumb level. See under Level.
 -- Pendulum wheel, the balance of a watch.
 -- Simple or Theoretical, pendulum, an imaginary pendulum having no
dimensions except length, and no weight except at the center of
oscillation; in other words, a material point suspended by an ideal
line.

PENELOPE
Pe*nel"o*pe, n. Etym: [From. L. Penelope, the wife of Ulysses, the
hero of the Odyssey, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of curassows, including the guans.

PENEPLAIN
Pe"ne*plain`, n. [L. paene, pene, almost + E. plain.] (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A land surface reduced by erosion to the general condition of a
plain, but not wholly devoid of hills; a base-level plain.

PENETRABILITY
Pen`e*tra*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pénétrabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being penetrable; susceptibility of being
penetrated, entered, or pierced. Cheyne.

PENETRABLE
Pen"e*tra*ble, a. Etym: [L. penetrabilus: cf. F. pénétrable.]

Defn: Capable of being penetrated, entered, or pierced. Used also
figuratively.
And pierce his only penetrable part. Dryden.
I am not made of stones, But penetrable to your kind entreats. Shak.
-- Pen"e*tra*ble*ness, n.
 -- Pen"e*tra*bly, adv.

PENETRAIL
Pen"e*trail, n.

Defn: Penetralia. [Obs.] Harvey.

PENETRALIA
Pen`e*tra"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. penetralis penetrating,
internal. See Penetrate.]

1. The recesses, or innermost parts, of any thing or place,
especially of a temple or palace.

2. Hidden things or secrets; privacy; sanctuary; as, the sacred
penetralia of the home.

PENETRANCE; PENETRANCY
Pen"e*trance, Pen"e*tran*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being penetrant; power of entering or
piercing; penetrating power of quality; as, the penetrancy of subtile
effluvia.

PENETRANT
Pen"e*trant, a. Etym: [L. penetrans, p.pr. of penetrare: cf. F.
pénétrant.]

Defn: Having power to enter or pierce; penetrating; sharp; subtile;
as, penetrant cold. "Penetrant and powerful arguments." Boyle.

PENETRATE
Pen"e*trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penetrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Penetrating.] Etym: [L. penetratus, p.p. of penetrare to penetrate;
akin to penitus inward, inwardly, and perh. to pens with, in the
power of, penus store of food, innermost part of a temple.]

1. To enter into; to make way into the interior of; to effect an
entrance into; to pierce; as, light penetrates darkness.

2. To affect profoundly through the senses or feelings; to touch with
feeling; to make sensible; to move deeply; as, to penetrate one's
heart with pity. Shak.
The translator of Homer should penetrate himself with a sense of the
plainness and directness of Homer's style. M. Arnold.

3. To pierce into by the mind; to arrive at the inner contents or
meaning of, as of a mysterious or difficult subject; to comprehend;
to understand.
Things which here were too subtile for us to penetrate. Ray.

PENETRATE
Pen"e*trate, v. i.

Defn: To pass; to make way; to pierce. Also used figuratively.
Preparing to penetrate to the north and west. J. R. Green.
Born where Heaven's influence scarce can penetrate. Pope.
The sweet of life that penetrates so near. Daniel.

PENETRATING
Pen"e*tra`ting, a.

1. Having the power of entering, piercing, or pervading; sharp;
subtile; penetrative; as, a penetrating odor.

2. Acute; discerning; sagacious; quick to discover; as, a penetrating
mind.

PENETRATINGLY
Pen"e*tra`ting*ly, adv.

Defn: In a penetrating manner.

PENETRATION
Pen"e*tra`tion, n. Etym: [L. penetratio: cf. F. pénétration.]

1. The act or process of penetrating, piercing, or entering; also,
the act of mentally penetrating into, or comprehending, anything
difficult.
And to each in ward part, With gentle penetration, though unseen,
Shoots invisible virtue even to the deep. Milton.
A penetration into the difficulties of algebra. Watts.

2. Acuteness; insight; sharp discoverment; sagacity; as, a person of
singular penetration. Walpole.

Syn.
 -- Discernment; sagacity; acuteness; sharpness; discrimination. See
Discernment, and Sagacity.

PENETRATIVE
Pen"e*tra*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pénétratif.]

1. Tending to penetrate; of a penetrating quality; piercing; as, the
penetrative sun.
His look became keen and penetrative. Hawthorne.

2. Having the power to affect or impress the mind or heart;
impressive; as, penetrative shame. Shak.

3. Acute; discerning; sagacious; as, penetrative wisdom. "The
penetrative eye." Wordsworth.
Led on by skill of penetrative soul. Grainger.

PENETRATIVENESS
Pen"e*tra*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being penetrative.

PENFISH
Pen"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A squid.

PENFOLD
Pen"fold`, n.

Defn: See Pinfold.

PENGOLIN
Pen"go*lin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pangolin.

PENGUIN
Pen"guin, n. Etym: [Perh. orig. the name of another bird, and fr. W.
pen head + gwyn white; or perh. from a native South American name.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird of the order Impennes, or Ptilopteri. They are covered
with short, thick feathers, almost scalelike on the wings, which are
without true quills. They are unable to fly, but use their wings to
aid in diving, in which they are very expert. See King penguin, under
Jackass.

Note: Penguins are found in the south temperate and antarctic
regions. The king penguins (Aptenodytes Patachonica, and A.
longirostris) are the largest; the jackass penguins (Spheniscus) and
the rock hoppers (Catarractes) congregate in large numbers at their
breeding grounds.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The egg-shaped fleshy fruit of a West Indian plant (Bromelia
Pinguin) of the Pineapple family; also, the plant itself, which has
rigid, pointed, and spiny-toothed leaves, and is used for hedges.
[Written also pinguin.] Arctic penguin (Zoöl.), the great auk. See
Auk.

PENGUINERY
Pen"guin*er*y, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A breeding place, or rookery, of penguins.

PENHOLDER
Pen"hold`er, n.

Defn: A handle for a pen.

PENHOUSE
Pen"house`, n.

Defn: A penthouse. [Obs.]

PENIBLE
Pen*i"ble, a. Etym: [OF. penible. Cf. Painable.]

Defn: Painstaking; assidous. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PENICIL
Pen"i*cil, n. Etym: [L. penicillum, penicillus, a painter's brush, a
roil of lint, a tent for wounds.] (mented.)

Defn: A tent or pledget for wounds or ulcers.

PENICILLATE
Pen`i*cil"late, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pénicillé. See Penicil.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having the form of a pencil; furnished with a pencil of fine
hairs; ending in a tuft of hairs like a camel's-hair brush, as the
stigmas of some grasses.

PENICILLIFORM
Pen`i*cil"li*form, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Penicillate.

PENINSULA
Pen*in"su*la, n. Etym: [L. peninsula or paeninsula; paene almost +
insula an island. See Isle.]

Defn: A portion of land nearly surrounded by water, and connected
with a larger body by a neck, or isthmus.

PENINSULAR
Pen*in"su*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. péninsulaire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a peninsula; as, a peninsular form;
peninsular people; the peninsular war.

PENINSULA STATE
Pen*in"su*la State.

Defn: Florida; -- a nickname.

PENINSULATE
Pen*in"su*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peninsulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Peninsulating.]

Defn: To form into a peninsula.
South River . . . peninsulates Castle Hill farm. W. Bentley.

PENIS
Pe"nis, n. Etym: [L.] (Anat.)

Defn: The male member, or organ of generation.

PENITENCE
Pen"i*tence, n. Etym: [F. pénitence, L. paenitentia. See Penitent,
and cf. Penance.]

Defn: The quality or condition of being penitent; the disposition of
a penitent; sorrow for sins or faults; repentance; contrition.
"Penitence of his old guilt." Chaucer.
Death is deferred, and penitenance has room To mitigate, if not
reverse, the doom. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Repentance; contrition; compunction.

PENITENCER
Pen"i*ten*cer, n. Etym: [F. pénitencier.]

Defn: A priest who heard confession and enjoined penance in
extraordinary cases. [Written also penitenser.] [Obs.] Chaucer.

PENITENCY
Pen"i*ten*cy, n.

Defn: Penitence. [Obs.]

PENITENT
Pen"i*tent, a. Etym: [F. pénitent, L. paenitens, -entis, poenitens,
p.pr. of paenitere, poenitere, to cause to repent, to repent; prob.
akin to poena punishment. See Pain.]

1. Feeling pain or sorrow on account of sins or offenses; repentant;
contrite; sincerely affected by a sense of guilt, and resolved on
amendment of life.
Be penitent, and for thy fault contrite. Milton.
The pound he tamed, the penitent he cheered. Dryden.

2. Doing penance. [Obs.] Shak.

PENITENT
Pen"i*tent, n.

1. One who repents of sin; one sorrowful on account of his
transgressions.

2. One under church censure, but admitted to penance; one undergoing
penance.

3. One under the direction of a confessor.

Note: Penitents is an appellation given to certain fraternities in
Roman Catholic countries, distinguished by their habit, and employed
in charitable acts.

PENITENTIAL
Pen`i*ten"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pénitentiel.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to penitence, or to penance; expressing
penitence; of the nature of penance; as, the penitential book;
penitential tears. "Penitential stripes." Cowper.
Guilt that all the penitential fires of hereafter can not cleanse.
Sir W. Scott.

PENITENTIAL
Pen`i*ten"tial, n. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A book formerly used by priests hearing confessions, containing
rules for the imposition of penances; -- called also penitential
book.

PENITENTIALLY
Pen`i*ten"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a penitential manner.

PENITENTIARY
Pen`i*ten"tia*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pénitentiaire.]

1. Relating to penance, or to the rules and measures of penance. "A
penitentiary tax." Abp. Bramhall.

2. Expressive of penitence; as, a penitentiary letter.

3. Used for punishment, discipline, and reformation. "Penitentiary
houses." Blackstone.

PENITENTIARY
Pen`i*ten"tia*ry, n.; pl. Penitentiaries. Etym: [Cf. F. pénitencier.
See Penitent.]

1. One who prescribes the rules and measures of penance. [Obs.]
Bacon.

2. One who does penance. [Obs.] Hammond.

3. A small building in a monastery where penitents confessed.
Shpiley.

4. That part of a church to which penitents were admitted. Shipley.

5. (R. C. Ch.)
(a) An office of the papal court which examines cases of conscience,
confession, absolution from vows, etc., and delivers decisions,
dispensations, etc. Its chief is a cardinal, called the Grand
Penitentiary, appointed by the pope.
(b) An officer in some dioceses since A. D. 1215, vested with power
from the bishop to absolve in cases reserved to him.

6. A house of correction, in which offenders are confined for
punishment, discipline, and reformation, and in which they are
generally compelled to labor.

PENITENTIARYSHIP
Pen`i*ten"tia*ry*ship, n.

Defn: The office or condition of a penitentiary of the papal court.
[R.] Wood.

PENITENTLY
Pen"i*tent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a penitent manner.

PENK
Penk, n.

Defn: A minnow. See Pink, n., 4. [Prov. Eng.] Walton.

PENKNIFE
Pen"knife`, n.; pl. Penknives. Etym: [Pen + knife.]

Defn: A small pocketknife; formerly, a knife used for making and
mending quill pens.

PENMAN
Pen"man, n.; pl. Penmen (.

1. One who uses the pen; a writer; esp., one skilled in the use of
the pen; a calligrapher; a writing master.

2. An author; a composer. South.

PENMANSHIP
Pen"man*ship, n.

Defn: The use of the pen in writing; the art of writing; style or
manner of writing; chirography; as, good or bad penmanship.

PENNA
Pen"na, n.; pl. Pennæ. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A perfect, or normal, feather.

PENNACEOUS
Pen"na"ceous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to a normal feather.

PENNACH
Pen"nach, n. Etym: [OF. pennache. See Panache.]

Defn: A bunch of feathers; a plume. [Obs.] Holland.

PENNACHED
Pen"nached, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. pennaché. See Panache.]

Defn: Variegated; striped. [Obs.] Evelyn.

PENNAGE
Pen"nage, n. Etym: [L. penna feather.]

Defn: Feathery covering; plumage. [Obs.] Holland.

PENNANT
Pen"nant, n. Etym: [OE. penon, penoun, pynoun, OF. penon, F. pennon,
fr. L. penna feather. See Pen a feather, and cf. Pennon, Pinion.]
(Naut.)
(a) A small flag; a pennon. The narrow, or long, pennant (called also
whip or coach whip) is a long, narrow piece of bunting, carried at
the masthead of a government vessel in commission. The board pennant
is an oblong, nearly square flag, carried at the masthead of a
commodore's vessel. "With flags and pennants trimmed." Drayton.
(b) A rope or strap to which a purchase is hooked.

PENNATE; PENNATED
Pen"nate, Pen"na*ted, a. Etym: [L. pennatus feathered, winged, from
penna feather, wing.]

1. Winged; plume-shaped.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Pinnate.

PENNATULA
Pen*nat"u*la, n.; pl. L. Pennatulæ, E. Pennatulas. Etym: [NL., fr. L.
penna a feather.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of Pennatula, Pteroides, and allied
genera of Alcyonaria, having a featherlike form; a sea-pen. The
zooids are situated along one edge of the side branches.

PENNATULACEA
Pen*nat`u*la"ce*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pennatula.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of alcyonoid corals, including the seapens and
related kinds. They are able to move about by means of the hollow
muscular peduncle, which also serves to support them upright in the
mud. See Pennatula, and Illust. under Alcyonaria.

PENNED
Penned, a.

1. Winged; having plumes. [Obs.]

2. Written with a pen; composed. "Their penned speech." Shak.

PENNER
Pen"ner, n.

1. One who pens; a writer. Sir T. North.

2. A case for holding pens. [Obs.]

PENNIFORM
Pen"ni*form, a. Etym: [L. penna feather + -form: cf. F. penniforme.]

Defn: Having the form of a feather or plume.

PENNIGEROUS
Pen*nig"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. penniger; penna feather + gerere to
bear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Bearing feathers or quills.

PENNILESS
Pen"ni*less, a. Etym: [From Penny.]

Defn: Destitute of money; impecunious; poor.
 -- Pen"ni*less*ness, n.

PENNINERVED
Pen"ni*nerved`, a. Etym: [L. penna feather + E. nerve.]

Defn: Pinnately veined or nerved.

PENNIPOTENT
Pen*nip"o*tent, a. Etym: [L. pennipotens; penna wing + potens
strong.]

Defn: Strong of wing; strong on the wing. [Poetic] Davies (Holy
Roode).

PENNON
Pen"non, n. Etym: [Cf. Pinion.]

Defn: A wing; a pinion. Milton.

PENNON
Pen"non, n. Etym: [See Pennant.]

Defn: A pennant; a flag or streamer. Longfellow.

PENNONCEL; PENNONCELLE
Pen"non*cel`, Pen"non*celle`, n. Etym: [OF. penoncel. See Pennant.]

Defn: See Pencel.

PENNY
Pen"ny, a. Etym: [Perh. a corruption of pun, for pound.]

Defn: Denoting pound weight for one thousand; -- used in combination,
with respect to nails; as, tenpenny nails, nails of which one
thousand weight ten pounds.

PENNY
Pen*ny, n.; pl. Pennies or Pence (. Pennies denotes the number of
coins; pence the amount of pennies in value. Etym: [OE. peni, AS.
penig, pening, pending; akin to D. penning, OHG. pfenning, pfenting,
G. pfennig, Icel. penningr; of uncertain origin.]

1. An English coin, formerly of copper, now of bronze, the twelfth
part of an English shilling in account value, and equal to four
farthings, or about two cents; -- usually indicated by the
abbreviation d. (the initial of denarius).

Note: "The chief Anglo-Saxon coin, and for a long period the only
one, corresponded to the denarius of the Continent . . . [and was]
called penny, denarius, or denier." R. S. Poole. The ancient silver
penny was worth about three pence sterling (see Pennyweight). The old
Scotch penny was only one twelfth the value of the English coin. In
the United States the word penny is popularly used for cent.

2. Any small sum or coin; a groat; a stiver. Shak.

3. Money, in general; as, to turn an honest penny.
What penny hath Rome borne, What men provided, what munition sent
Shak.

4. (Script.)

Defn: See Denarius. Penny cress (Bot.), an annual herb of the Mustard
family, having round, flat pods like silver pennies (Thlaspi
arvense). Dr. Prior.
 -- Penny dog (Zoöl.), a kind of shark found on the South coast of
Britain: the tope.
 -- Penny father, a penurious person; a niggard. [Obs.] Robinson
(More's Utopia).
 -- Penny grass (Bot.), pennyroyal. [R.] -- Penny post, a post
carrying a letter for a penny; also, a mail carrier.
 -- Penny wise, wise or prudent only in small matters; saving small
sums while losing larger; -- used chiefly in the phrase, penny wise
and pound foolish.

PENNY
Pen"ny, a.

Defn: Worth or costing one penny.

PENNY-A-LINER
Pen"ny-a-lin"er, n.

Defn: One who furnishes matter to public journals at so much a line;
a poor writer for hire; a hack writer. Thackeray.

PENNYROYAL
Pen`ny*roy"al, n. Etym: [A corruption of OE. puliall royal. OE.
puliall is ultimately derived fr. L. puleium, or pulegium regium (so
called as being good against fleas), fr. pulex a flea; and royal is a
translation of L. regium, in puleium regium.] (Bot.)

Defn: An aromatic herb (Mentha Pulegium) of Europe; also, a North
American plant (Hedeoma pulegioides) resembling it in flavor. Bastard
pennyroyal (Bot.) See Blue curls, under Blue.

PENNYWEIGHT
Pen"ny*weight`, n.

Defn: A troy weight containing twenty-four grains, or the twentieth
part of an ounce; as, a pennyweight of gold or of arsenic. It was
anciently the weight of a silver penny, whence the name.

PENNYWORT
Pen"ny*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A European trailing herb (Linaria Cymbalaria) with roundish,
reniform leaves. It is often cultivated in hanging baskets. March, or
Water, pennywort. (Bot.) See under March.

PENNYWORTH
Pen"ny*worth`, n.

1. A penny's worth; as much as may be bought for a penny. "A dear
pennyworth." Evelyn.

2. Hence: The full value of one's penny expended; due return for
money laid out; a good bargain; a bargain.
The priests sold the better pennyworths. Locke.

3. A small quantity; a trifle. Bacon.

PENOCK
Pen"ock, n.

Defn: See Pend.

PENOLOGICAL
Pen`o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to penology.

PENOLOGIST
Pe*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in, or a student of, penology.

PENOLOGY
Pe*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. poena, punishment + -logy.]

Defn: The science or art of punishment. [Written also poenology.]

PENRACK
Pen"rack`, n.

Defn: A rack for pens not in use.

PENS
Pens, n.,

Defn: pl. of Penny. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PENSATIVE
Pen"sa*tive, a.

Defn: Pensive. [Obs.] Shelton.

PENSEL
Pen"sel, n.

Defn: A pencel. Chaucer.

PENSIBLE
Pen"si*ble, a.

Defn: Held aloft. [Obs.] Bacon.

PENSILE
Pen"sile, a. Etym: [L. pensilis, fr. pendere to hang: cf. OE. pensil.
See Pendant.]

Defn: Hanging; suspended; pendent; pendulous. Bacon.
The long, pensile branches of the birches. W. Howitt.

PENSILENESS
Pen"sile*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being pensile; pendulousness.

PENSION
Pen"sion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. pensio a paying, payment, fr. pendere,
pensum, to weight, to pay; akin to pend to hang. See Pendant, and cf.
Spend.]

1. A payment; a tribute; something paid or given. [Obs.]
The stomach's pension, and the time's expense. Sylvester.

2. A stated allowance to a person in consideration of past services;
payment made to one retired from service, on account of age,
disability, or other cause; especially, a regular stipend paid by a
government to retired public officers, disabled soldiers, the
families of soldiers killed in service, or to meritorious authors, or
the like.
To all that kept the city pensions and wages. 1 Esd. iv. 56.

3. A certain sum of money paid to a clergyman in lieu of tithes.
[Eng.] Mozley & W.

4. Etym: [F., pronounced .]

Defn: A boarding house or boarding school in France, Belgium,
Switzerland, etc.

PENSION
Pen"sion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pensioned; p. pr. & vb. n. Pensioning.]

Defn: To grant a pension to; to pay a regular stipend to; in
consideration of service already performed; -- sometimes followed by
off; as, to pension off a servant.
One knighted Blackmore, and one pensioned Quarles. Pope.

PENSIONARY
Pen"sion*a*ry, a.

1. Maintained by a pension; receiving a pension; as, pensionary
spies. Donne.

2. Consisting of a pension; as, a pensionary provision for
maintenance.

PENSIONARY
Pen"sion*a*ry, n.; pl. Pensionaries. Etym: [Cf. F. pensionnaire. Cf.
Pensioner.]

1. One who receives a pension; a pensioner. E. Hall.

2. One of the chief magistrates of towns in Holland. Grand
pensionary, the title of the prime minister, or or president of the
Council, of Holland when a republic.

PENSIONER
Pen"sion*er, n.

1. One in receipt of a pension; hence, figuratively, a dependent.
The fickle pensioners of Morpheus' train. Milton.
Old pensioners . . . of Chelsea Hospital. Macaulay.

2. One of an honorable band of gentlemen who attend the sovereign of
England on state occasions, and receive an annual pension, or
allowance, of £150 and two horses.

3. Etym: [Cf. F. pensionnaire one who pays for his board. Cf.
Pensionary, n.]

Defn: In the university of Cambridge, England, one who pays for his
living in commons; -- corresponding to commoner at Oxford. Ld.
Lytton.

PENSIVE
Pen"sive, a. Etym: [F. pensif, fr. penser to think, fr. L. pensare to
weigh, ponder, consider, v. intens. fr. pendere to weigh. See
Pension, Poise.]

1. Thoughtful, sober, or sad; employed in serious reflection; given
to, or favorable to, earnest or melancholy musing.
The pensive secrecy of desert cell. Milton.
Anxious cares the pensive nymph oppressed. Pope.

2. Expressing or suggesting thoughtfulness with sadness; as, pensive
numbers. Prior.

PENSIVED
Pen"sived, a.

Defn: Made pensive. [R.] Shak.

PENSIVELY
Pen"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pensive manner.

PENSIVENESS
Pen"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being pensive; serious thoughtfulness;
seriousness. Hooker.

PENSTOCK
Pen"stock, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain; perh. fr. pen an inclosure +
stock.]

1. A close conduit or pipe for conducting water, as, to a water
wheel, or for emptying a pond, or for domestic uses.

2. The barrel of a wooden pump.

PENT
Pent, p. p. or a. Etym: [From Pen, v. t.]

Defn: Penned or shut up; confined; -- often with up.
Here in the body pent. J. Montgomery.
No pent-up Utica contracts your powers. J. M. Sewall.

PENTA-
Pen"ta-. Etym: [Gr. Five.]

1. A combining form denoting five; as, pentacapsular; pentagon.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Denoting the degree of five, either as regards quality,
property, or composition; as, pentasulphide; pentoxide, etc. Also
used adjectively.

PENTABASIC
Pen`ta*ba"sic, a. Etym: [Penta- + basic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Capable of uniting with five molecules of a monacid base;
having five acid hydrogen atoms capable of substitution by a basic
radical; -- said of certain acids.

PENTACAPSULAR
Pen`ta*cap"su*lar, a. Etym: [Penta- + capsular.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having five capsules.

PENTACHENIUM
Pen`ta*che"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Penta-, and Achenium.] (Bot.)

Defn: A dry fruit composed of five carpels, which are covered by an
epigynous calyx and separate at maturity.

PENTACHLORIDE
Pen`ta*chlo"ride, n. Etym: [Penta- + chloride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A chloride having five atoms of chlorine in each molecule.

PENTACHORD
Pen"ta*chord, n. Etym: [L. pentachordus five-stringed, Gr.

1. An ancient instrument of music with five strings.

2. An order or system of five sounds. Busby.

PENTACID
Pen*tac"id ( Etym: [Penta- + acid.] (Chem.)

Defn: Capable of neutralizing, or combining with, five molecules of a
monobasic acid; having five hydrogen atoms capable of substitution by
acid residues; -- said of certain complex bases.

PENTACLE
Pen"ta*cle, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A figure composed of two equilateral triangles intersecting so
as to form a six-pointed star, -- used in early ornamental art, and
also with superstitious import by the astrologers and mystics of the
Middle Ages.

PENTACOCCOUS
Pen`ta*coc"cous, a. Etym: [See Penta-, Coccus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Composed of five united carpels with one seed in each, as
certain fruits.

PENTACONTER
Pen"ta*con`ter, n. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: See Penteconter.

PENTACRININ
Pen*tac"ri*nin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A red and purple pigment found in certain crinoids of the genus
Pentacrinus.

PENTACRINITE
Pen*tac"ri*nite, n. Etym: [Penta- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Pentacrinus.

PENTACRINOID
Pen*tac"ri*noid, n. Etym: [Pentacrinus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An immature comatula when it is still attached by a stem, and
thus resembles a Pentacrinus.

PENTACRINUS
Pen*tac"ri*nus, n. Etym: [NL. See Penta-, and Crinum.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large, stalked crinoids, of which several species
occur in deep water among the West Indies and elsewhere.

PENTACRON
Pen*ta"cron, n.; pl. L. Pentacra, E. Pentacrons. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Geom.)

Defn: A solid having five summits or angular points.

PENTACROSTIC
Pen`ta*cros"tic, n. Etym: [Penta- + acrostic.]

Defn: A set of verses so disposed that the name forming the subject
of the acrostic occurs five times -- the whole set of verses being
divided into five different parts from top to bottom.

PENTAD
Pen"tad, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Any element, atom, or radical, having a valence of five, or
which can be combined with, substituted for, or compared with, five
atoms of hydrogen or other monad; as, nitrogen is a pentad in the
ammonium compounds.

PENTAD
Pen"tad, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Having the valence of a pentad.

PENTADACTYL; PENTADACTYLE
Pen`ta*dac"tyl, Pen`ta*dac"tyle, a. Etym: [Gr. Penta-, and Dactyl.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Having five digits to the hand or foot.

2. Having five appendages resembling fingers or toes.

PENTADACTYLOID
Pen`ta*dac"tyl*oid, a. Etym: [Pentadactyl + -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Having the form of, or a structure modified from, a pentadactyl
limb.

PENTADECANE
Pen`ta*dec"ane, n. Etym: [Penta- + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon of the paraffin series, (C15H32) found in
petroleum, tar oil, etc., and obtained as a colorless liquid; -- so
called from the fifteen carbon atoms in the molecule.

PENTADECATOIC
Pen`ta*dec`a*to"ic, a. Etym: [Penta- + decatoic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, pentadecane, or designating
an acid related to it.

PENTADECYLIC
Pen`ta*decyl"ic, a. Etym: [Penta- + decylic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Quindecylic.

PENTADELPHOUS
Pen`ta*del"phous, a. Etym: [Penta- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the stamens arranged in five clusters, those of each
cluster having their filaments more or less united, as the flowers of
the linden.

PENTAFID
Pen"ta*fid, a. Etym: [Penta- + root of L. findere to split.] (Bot.)

Defn: Divided or cleft into five parts.

PENTAGLOT
Pen"ta*glot, n. Etym: [Penta- + -glot, as in polyglot.]

Defn: A work in five different tongues.

PENTAGON
Pen"ta*gon, n. Etym: [Gr. Penta-) + gwni`a angle: cf. L. pentagonium,
F. pentagone.] (Geom.)

Defn: A plane figure having five angles, and, consequently, five
sides; any figure having five angles. Regular pentagon, a pentagon in
which the angles are all equal, and the sides all equal.

PENTAGONAL
Pen*tag"o*nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pentagonal, pentagone, L. pentagonus,
pentagonius, Gr.

Defn: Having five corners or angles. Pentagonal dodecahedron. See
Dodecahedron, and Pyritohedron.

PENTAGONALLY
Pen*tag"o*nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In the form of a pentagon; with five angles. Sir T. Browne.

PENTAGONOUS
Pen*tag"o*nous, a.

Defn: Pentagonal.

PENTAGRAM
Pen"ta*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. Penta-, and -gram.]

Defn: A pentacle or a pentalpha. "Like a wizard pentagram." Tennyson.

PENTAGRAPHIC; PENTAGRAPHICAL
Pen`ta*graph"ic, Pen`ta*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Corrupted fr.
pantographic, -ical.]

Defn: Pantographic. See Pantograph.

PENTAGYNIA
Pen`ta*gyn"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Penta-) + (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan order of plants, having five styles or pistils.

PENTAGYNIAN; PENTAGYNOUS
Pen`ta*gyn"i*an, Pen*tag"y*nous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to plants of the order Pentagyna; having five
styles.

PENTAHEDRAL
Pen`ta*he"dral, a.

Defn: Having five sides; as, a pentahedral figure.

PENTAHEDRICAL
Pen`ta*hed"ric*al, a.

Defn: Pentahedral. [R.]

PENTAHEDRON
Pen`ta*he"dron, n. Etym: [Penta- + Gr. "e`dra seat, base.]

Defn: A solid figure having five sides.

PENTAHEDROUS
Pen`ta*he"drous, a.

Defn: Pentahedral. Woodward.

PENTAIL
Pen"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar insectivore (Ptilocercus Lowii) of Borneo; -- so
called from its very long, quill-shaped tail, which is scaly at the
base and plumose at the tip.

PENTALPHA
Pen*tal"pha, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. pentalpha. See Penta-, and
Alpha.]

Defn: A five-pointed star, resembling five alphas joined at their
bases; -- used as a symbol.

PENTAMERA
Pen*tam"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pentamerous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division of Coleoptera, including those that
normally have five-jointed tarsi. It embraces about half of all the
known species of the Coleoptera.

PENTAMERAN
Pen*tam"er*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Pentamera.

PENTAMEROUS
Pen*tam"er*ous, a. Etym: [Penta- + Gr.

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Divided into, or consisting of, five parts; also, arranged in
sets, with five parts in each set, as a flower with five sepals, five
petals, five, or twice five, stamens, and five pistils.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Pentamera.

PENTAMERUS
Pen*tam"e*rus, n. Etym: [NL. See Pentamerous.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct Paleozoic brachiopods, often very abundant
in the Upper Silurian. Pentamerus limestone (Geol.), a Silurian
limestone composed largely of the shells of Pentamerus.

PENTAMETER
Pen*tam"e*ter, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Penta-) + (Gr. & L.Pros.)

Defn: A verse of five feet.

Note: The dactylic pentameter consists of two parts separated by a
diæresis. Each part consists of two dactyls and a long syllable. The
spondee may take the place of the dactyl in the first part, but not
in the second. The elegiac distich consists of the hexameter followed
by the pentameter. Harkness.

PENTAMETER
Pen*tam"e*ter, a.

Defn: Having five metrical feet.

PENTAMETHYLENE
Pen`ta*meth"yl*ene, n. Etym: [Penta- + methylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical hydrocarbon, C5H10, metameric with the amylenes,
and the nucleus of a large number of derivatives; -- so named because
regarded as composed of five methylene residues. Cf. Trimethylene,
and Tetramethylene.

PENTANDRIA
Pen*tan"dri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Penta-) + (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan class of plants having five separate stamens.

PENTANDRIAN; PENTANDROUS
Pen*tan"dri*an, Pen*tan"drous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the class Pentadria; having five stamens.

PENTANE
Pen"tane, n. Etym: [See Penta-.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of the three metameric hydrocarbons, C5H12, of the
methane or paraffin series. They are colorless, volatile liquids, two
of which occur in petroleum. So called because of the five carbon
atoms in the molecule.

PENTANGLE
Pen"tan`gle, n. Etym: [Penta- + angle.]

Defn: A pentagon. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

PENTANGULAR
Pen*tan"gu*lar, a. Etym: [Penta- + angular.]

Defn: Having five corners or angles. [R.]

PENTAPETALOUS
Pen`ta*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Penta- + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having five petals, or flower leaves.

PENTAPHYLLOUS
Pen*taph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Penta- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having five leaves or leaflets.

PENTAPODY
Pen*tap"o*dy, n. Etym: [Penta- + Gr. (Pros.)

Defn: A measure or series consisting of five feet.

PENTAPTOTE
Pen"tap*tote, n. Etym: [L. (pl.) pentaptota. Gr. Penta-) + (Gram.)

Defn: A noun having five cases.

PENTAPTYCH
Pen"tap*tych, n. Etym: [Penta- + Gr. (Fine Arts)

Defn: A picture, or combination of pictures, consisting of a
centerpiece and double folding doors or wings, as for an altarpiece.

PENTARCHY
Pen"tar*chy, n. Etym: [Gr. pentarchie. See Penta-, and -archy.]

Defn: A government in the hands of five persons; five joint rulers.
P. Fletcher. "The pentarchy of the senses." A. Brewer.

PENTASPAST
Pen"ta*spast, n. Etym: [L. pentaspaston, Gr. Penta-) + pentaspaste.]

Defn: A purchase with five pulleys. [R.]

PENTASPERMOUS
Pen`ta*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Penta- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Containing five seeds.

PENTASTICH
Pen"ta*stich, n. Etym: [Gr. Penta-) +

Defn: A composition consisting of five verses.

PENTASTICHOUS
Pen*tas"ti*chous, a. Etym: [Penta- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having, or arranged in, five vertical ranks, as the leaves of
an apple tree or a cherry tree.

PENTASTOMIDA
Pen`ta*stom"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Penta-) + (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Linguatulina.

PENTASTYLE
Pen"ta*style, a. Etym: [Penta- + Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: Having five columns in front; -- said of a temple or portico in
classical architecture.
 -- n.

Defn: A portico having five columns.

PENTATEUCH
Pen"ta*teuch, n. Etym: [L. pentateuchus, Gr. Penta-) + text. See
Five, and Text.]

Defn: The first five books of the Old Testament, collectively; --
called also the Law of Moses, Book of the Law of Moses, etc.

PENTATEUCHAL
Pen`ta*teu"chal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Pentateuch.

PENTATHIONIC
Pen`ta*thi*on"ic, a. Etym: [Penta- + thionic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of sulphur obtained by
leading hydrogen sulphide into a solution of sulphur dioxide; -- so
called because it contains five atoms of sulphur.

PENTATHLON
Pen*tath"lon, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A fivefold athletic performance peculiar to the great national
games of the Greeks, including leaping, foot racing, wrestling,
throwing the discus, and throwing the spear.

PENTATOMIC
Pen`ta*tom"ic, a. Etym: [Penta- + atomic.] (Chem.)
(a) Having five atoms in the molecule.
(b) Having five hydrogen atoms capable of substitution.

PENTAVALENT
Pen*tav"a*lent, a. Etym: [Penta- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Having a valence of five; -- said of certain atoms and
radicals.

PENTECONTER
Pen"te*con`ter, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A Grecian vessel with fifty oars. [Written also pentaconter.]

PENTECOST
Pen"te*cost, n. Etym: [L. pentecoste, Gr. Five, and cf. Pingster.]

1. A solemn festival of the Jews; -- so called because celebrated on
the fiftieth day (seven weeks) after the second day of the Passover
(which fell on the sixteenth of the Jewish month Nisan); -- hence
called, also, the Feast of Weeks. At this festival an offering of the
first fruits of the harvest was made. By the Jews it was generally
regarded as commemorative of the gift of the law on the fiftieth day
after the departure from Egypt.

2. A festival of the Roman Catholic and other churches in
commemoration of the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles;
which occurred on the day of Pentecost; -- called also Whitsunday.
Shak.

PENTECOSTAL
Pen`te*cos"tal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Pentecost or to Whitsuntide.

PENTECOSTALS
Pen`te*cos"tals, n. pl.

Defn: Offerings formerly made to the parish priest, or to the mother
church, at Pentecost. Shipley.

PENTECOSTER
Pen`te*cos"ter, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: An officer in the Spartan army commanding fifty men. Mitford.

PENTECOSTY
Pen`te*cos"ty, n.; pl. Pentecosties. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A troop of fifty soldiers in the Spartan army; -- called also
pentecostys. Jowett (Thucyd. ).

PENTELIC; PENTELICAN
Pen*tel"ic, Pen*tel"i*can, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Mount Pentelicus, near Athens, famous for
its fine white marble quarries; obtained from Mount Pentelicus; as,
the Pentelic marble of which the Parthenon is built.

PENTENE
Pen"tene, n. Etym: [See Penta-.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Amylene.

PENTHOUSE
Pent"house`, n. Etym: [A corruption of pentice.]

Defn: A shed or roof sloping from the main wall or building, as over
a door or window; a lean-to. Also figuratively. "The penthouse of his
eyes." Sir W. Scott.

PENTHOUSE
Pent"house`, a.

Defn: Leaning; overhanging. "Penthouse lid." Shak. "My penthouse
eyebrows." Dryden.

PENTICE
Pen"tice, n. Etym: [F. appentis a penthouse. See Append.]

Defn: A penthouse. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

PENTILE
Pen"tile`, n.

Defn: See Pantile.

PENTINE
Pen"tine, n. Etym: [See Penta-.] (Chem.)

Defn: An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C5H8, of the acetylene series. Same
as Valerylene.

PENTOIC
Pen*to"ic, a. Etym: [See Penta-.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or desingating, an acid (called also valeric
acid) derived from pentane.

PENTONE
Pen"tone, n. Etym: [See Penta-.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Valylene.

PENTOSAN; PENTOSANE
Pen"to*san, n. Also -sane. [From Pentose.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of substances (complex carbohydrates widely
distributed in plants, as in fruits, gums, woods, hay, etc.) which
yield pentoses on hydrolysis.

PENTOSE
Pen"tose, n.  [Penta- + -ose.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any of a group of sugars of the formula C5H10O5, as arabinose;
-- so called from the five carbon atoms in the molecule. They are not
fermented by yeast.

PENTOXIDE
Pen*tox"ide, n. Etym: [Penta- + oxide.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oxide containing five atoms of oxygen in each molecule; as,
phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5.

PENTREMITE
Pen"tre*mite, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Pentremites.

PENTREMITES
Pen`tre*mi"tes, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. remus an oar.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of crinoids belonging to the Blastoidea. They have five
petal-like ambulacra.

PENTROOF
Pent"roof`, n. Etym: [F. pente slope + E. roof, or from penthouse
roof.]

Defn: See Lean-to.

PENTROUGH
Pen"trough`, n.

Defn: A penstock.

PENTYL
Pen"tyl, n. Etym: [Penta + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical, C5H11, of pentane and certain of its
derivatives. Same as Amyl.

PENTYLIC
Pen*tyl"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, pentyl; as,
pentylic alcohol

PENUCHLE; PINOCLE
Pe"nu*chle, Pin"o*cle, n.

Defn: A game at cards, played with forty-eight cards, being all the
cards above the eight spots in two packs.

PENULT
Pe"nult, n. Etym: [Abbreviated fr. penultima.] (Gram. & Pros.)

Defn: The last syllable but one of a word; the syllable preceding the
final one.

PENULTIMA
Pe*nul"ti*ma, n. Etym: [L. (sc. syllaba), fr. penultimus,
paenultimus, the last but one; paene almost + ultimus the last.]

Defn: Same as Penult.

PENULTIMATE
Pe*nul"ti*mate, a.

Defn: Last but one; as, the penultimate syllable, the last syllable
but one of a word.

PENULTIMATE
Pe*nul"ti*mate, n.

Defn: The penult.

PENUMBRA
Pe*num"bra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. paene almost + umbra shade.]

1. An incomplete or partial shadow.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The shadow cast, in an eclipse, where the light is partly, but
not wholly, cut off by the intervening body; the space of partial
illumination between the umbra, or perfect shadow, on all sides, and
the full light. Sir I. Newton.

Note: The faint shade surrounding the dark central portion of a solar
spot is also called the penumbra, and sometimes umbra.

3. (Paint.)

Defn: The part of a picture where the shade imperceptibly blends with
the light.

PENUMBRALA
Pe*num"brala.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a penumbra; resembling a penumbra;
partially illuminated.

PENURIOUS
Pe*nu"ri*ous, a. Etym: [From Penury.]

1. Excessively sparing in the use of money; sordid; stingy; miserly.
"A penurious niggard of his wealth." Milton.

2. Not bountiful or liberal; scanty.
Here creeps along a poor, penurious stream. C. Pitt.

3. Destitute of money; suffering extreme want. [Obs.] "My penurious
band." Shak.

Syn.
 -- Avaricious; covetous; parsimonious; miserly; niggardly; stingy.
See Avaricious. --Pe*nu"ri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Pe*nu"ri*ous*ness, n.

PENURY
Pen"u*ry, n. Etym: [L. penuria; cf. Gr. pénurie.]

1. Absence of resources; want; privation; indigence; extreme poverty;
destitution. "A penury of military forces." Bacon.
They were exposed to hardship and penury. Sprat.
It arises in neither from penury of thought. Landor.

2. Penuriousness; miserliness. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

PENWIPER
Pen"wip`er, n.

Defn: A cloth, or other material, for wiping off or cleaning ink from
a pen.

PENWOMAN
Pen"wom`an, n.; pl. Penwomen (.

Defn: A female writer; an authoress. Johnson.

PEON
Pe"on, n.

Defn: See Poon.

PEON
Pe"on, n. Etym: [Sp. peon, or Pg. pe, one who travels on foot, a foot
soldier, a pawn in chess. See Pawn in chess.]

1. A foot soldier; a policeman; also, an office attendant; a
messenger. [India]

2. A day laborer; a servant; especially, in some of the Spanish
American countries, debtor held by his creditor in a form of
qualified servitude, to work out a debt.

3. (Chess)

Defn: See 2d Pawn.

PEONAGE
Pe"on*age, n.

Defn: The condition of a peon.

PEONISM
Pe"on*ism, n.

Defn: Same as Peonage. D. Webster.

PEONY
Pe"o*ny, n.; pl. Peonies. Etym: [OE. pione, pioine, pioni, OF. pione,
F. pivoine, L. paeonia, Gr. Pæan.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant, and its flower, of the ranunculaceous genus Pæonia. Of
the four or five species, one is a shrub; the rest are perennial
herbs with showy flowers, often double in cultivation. [Written also
pæony, and piony.]

PEOPLE
Peo"ple, n. Etym: [OE. peple, people, OF. pueple, F. peuple, fr. L.
populus. Cf. Populage, Public, Pueblo.]

1. The body of persons who compose a community, tribe, nation, or
race; an aggregate of individuals forming a whole; a community; a
nation.
Unto him shall the gathering of the people be. Gen. xlix. 10.
The ants are a people not strong. Prov. xxx. 25.
Before many peoples, and nations, and tongues. Rev. x. 11.
Earth's monarchs are her peoples. Whitter
.
A government of all the people, by all the people, for all the
people. T. Parker.

Note: Peopleis a collective noun, generally construed with a plural
verb, and only occasionally used in the plural form (peoples), in the
sense of nations or races.

2. Persons, generally; an indefinite number of men and women; folks;
population, or part of population; as, country people; -- sometimes
used as an indefinite subject or verb, like on in French, and man in
German; as, people in adversity.
People were tempted to lend by great premiums. Swift
.
People have lived twenty-four days upon nothing but water. Arbuthnot
.

3. The mass of comunity as distinguished from a special class; the
commonalty; the populace; the vulgar; the common crowd; as, nobles
and people.
And strive to gain his pardon from the people. Addison
.

4. With a possessive pronoun:
(a) One's ancestors or family; kindred; relations; as, my people were
English.
(b) One's subjects; fellow citizens; companions; followers. "You slew
great number of his people." Shak.

Syn.
 -- People, Nation. When speaking of a state, we use people for the
mass of the community, as distinguished from their rulers, and nation
for the entire political body, including the rulers. In another sense
of the term, nation describes those who are descended from the same
stock; and in this sense the Germans regard themselves as one nation,
though politically subject to different forms of government.

PEOPLE
Peo"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peopled p. pr. & vb. n. Peopling (.]
Etym: [Cf. OF. popler, puepler, F. puepler. Cf. Populate.]

Defn: To stock with people or inhabitants; to fill as with people; to
populate. "Peopled heaven with angels." Dryden.
As the gay motes that people the sunbeams. Milton
.

PEOPLED
Peo"pled, a.

Defn: Stocked with, or as with, people; inhabited. "The peopled air."
Gray.

PEOPLELESS
Peo"ple*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of people. Poe.

PEOPLER
Peo"pler, n.

Defn: A settler; an inhabitant. "Peoplers of the peaceful glen." J.
S. Blackie.

PEOPLE'S BANK
Peo"ple's bank.

Defn: A form of coöperative bank, such as those of Germany; -- a term
loosely used for various forms of coöperative financial institutions.

PEOPLE'S PARTY
People's party. (U. S. Politics)

Defn: A party formed in 1891, advocating in an increase of the
currency, public ownership and operation of railroads, telegraphs,
etc., an income tax, limitation in ownership of land, etc.

PEOPLISH
Peo"plish, a.

Defn: Vulgar. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PEORIAS
Pe*o"ri*as, n. pl.; sing. Peoria (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: An Algonquin tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited a part of
Illinois.

PEPASTIC
Pe*pas"tic, a. & n. Etym: [Gr. pépastique.] (Med.)

Defn: Same as Maturative.

PEPERINE; PEPERINO
Pep"e*rine, Pep`e*ri"no, n. Etym: [It. peperino, L. piper pepper. So
called on account of its color.] (Geol.)

Defn: A volcanic rock, formed by the cementing together of sand,
scoria, cinders, etc.

PEPLIS
Pep"lis, n. Etym: [L., a kind of plant, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including water purslane.

PEPLUM
Pep"lum, n.; pl. E. -lumus, L. -la. [L.]

Defn:  A peplos. Hence: An overskirt hanging like an ancient peplos;
also, a short fitted skirt attached to a waist or coat.

PEPLUS
Pep"lus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. An upper garment worn by Grecian and Roman women.

2. A kind of kerchief formerly worn by Englishwomen. [Obs.] Fairholt.

PEPO
Pe"po, n. Etym: [L., a kind of melon, from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any fleshy fruit with a firm rind, as a pumpkin, melon, or
gourd. See Gourd.

PEPPER
Pep"per, n. Etym: [OE. peper, AS. pipor, L. piper, fr. Gr. pippala,
pippali.]

1. A well-known, pungently aromatic condiment, the dried berry,
either whole or powdered, of the Piper nigrum.

Note: Common, or black, pepper is made from the whole berry, dried
just before maturity; white pepper is made from the ripe berry after
the outer skin has been removed by maceration and friction. It has
less of the peculiar properties of the plant than the black pepper.
Pepper is used in medicine as a carminative stimulant.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The plant which yields pepper, an East Indian woody climber
(Piper nigrum), with ovate leaves and apetalous flowers in spikes
opposite the leaves. The berries are red when ripe. Also, by
extension, any one of the several hundred species of the genus Piper,
widely dispersed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of
the earth.

3. Any plant of the genus Capsicum, and its fruit; red pepper; as,
the bell pepper.

Note: The term pepper has been extended to various other fruits and
plants, more or less closely resembling the true pepper, esp. to the
common varieties of Capsicum. See Capsicum, and the Phrases, below.
African pepper, the Guinea pepper. See under Guinea.
 -- Cayenne pepper. See under Cayenne.
 -- Chinese pepper, the spicy berries of the Xanthoxylum piperitum, a
species of prickly ash found in China and Japan.
 -- Guinea pepper. See under Guinea, and Capsicum.
 -- Jamaica pepper. See Allspice.
 -- Long pepper. (a) The spike of berries of Piper longum, an East
Indian shrub. (b) The root of Piper, or Macropiper, methysticum. See
Kava.
 -- Malaguetta, or Meleguetta, pepper, the aromatic seeds of the
Amomum Melegueta, an African plant of the Ginger family. They are
sometimes used to flavor beer, etc., under the name of grains of
Paradise.
 -- Red pepper. See Capsicum.
 -- Sweet pepper bush (Bot.), an American shrub (Clethra alnifolia),
with racemes of fragrant white flowers; -- called also white alder.
 -- Pepper box or caster, a small box or bottle, with a perforated
lid, used for sprinkling ground pepper on food, etc.
 -- Pepper corn. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Pepper elder (Bot.), a West Indian name of several plants of the
Pepper family, species of Piper and Peperomia.
 -- Pepper moth (Zoöl.), a European moth (Biston betularia) having
white wings covered with small black specks.
 -- Pepper pot, a mucilaginous soup or stew of vegetables and
cassareep, much esteemed in the West Indies.
 -- Pepper root. (Bot.). See Coralwort.
 -- pepper sauce, a condiment for the table, made of small red
peppers steeped in vinegar.
 -- Pepper tree (Bot.), an aromatic tree (Drimys axillaris) of the
Magnolia family, common in New Zealand. See Peruvian mastic tree,
under Mastic.

PEPPER
Pep"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peppered; p. pr. & vb. n. Peppering.]

1. To sprinkle or season with pepper.

2. Figuratively: To shower shot or other missiles, or blows, upon; to
pelt; to fill with shot, or cover with bruises or wounds. "I have
peppered two of them." "I am peppered, I warrant, for this world."
Shak.

PEPPER
Pep"per, v. i.

Defn: To fire numerous shots (at).

PEPPER BOX
Pep"per box`, n.

Defn: A buttress on the left-hand wall of a fives court as the game
is played at Eton College, England.

PEPPERBRAND
Pep"per*brand`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See 1st Bunt.

PEPPERCORN
Pep"per*corn`, n.

1. A dried berry of the black pepper (Piper nigrum).

2. Anything insignificant; a particle.

PEPPER DULSE
Pep"per dulse`. (Bot.)

Defn: A variety of edible seaweed (Laurencia pinnatifida)
distinguished for its pungency. [Scot.] Lindley.

PEPPERER
Pep"per*er, n.

Defn: A grocer; -- formerly so called because he sold pepper. [Obs.]

PEPPERGRASS
Pep"per*grass`, n. (Bot.)
(a) Any herb of the cruciferous genus Lepidium, especially the garden
peppergrass, or garden cress, Lepidium sativum; -- called also
pepperwort. All the species have a pungent flavor.
(b) The common pillwort of Europe (Pilularia globulifera). See
Pillwort.

PEPPERIDGE
Pep"per*idge, n. Etym: [Cf. NL. berberis, E. barberry.] (Bot.)

Defn: A North American tree (Nyssa multiflora) with very tough wood,
handsome oval polished leaves, and very acid berries, -- the sour
gum, or common tupelo. See Tupelo. [Written also piperidge and
pipperidge.] Pepperidge bush (Bot.), the barberry.

PEPPERING
Pep"per*ing, a.

Defn: Hot; pungent; peppery. Swift.

PEPPERMINT
Pep"per*mint, n. Etym: [Pepper + mint.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An aromatic and pungent plant of the genus Mentha (M.
piperita), much used in medicine and confectionery.

2. A volatile oil (oil of peppermint) distilled from the fresh herb;
also, a well-known essence or spirit (essence of peppermint) obtained
from it.

3. A lozenge of sugar flavored with peppermint. Peppermint camphor.
(Chem.) Same as Menthol.
 -- Peppermint tree (Bot.), a name given to several Australian
species of gum tree (Eucalyptus amygdalina, E. piperita, E. odorata,
etc.) which have hard and durable wood, and yield an essential oil.

PEPPERWORT
Pep"per*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Peppergrass.

PEPPERY
Pep"per*y, a.

1. Of or pertaining to pepper; having the qualities of pepper; hot;
pungent.

2. Fig.: Hot-tempered; passionate; choleric.

PEPSIN
Pep"sin, n. Etym: [Gr. pepsine. Cf. Dyspepsia.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An unorganized proteolytic ferment or enzyme contained in the
secretory glands of the stomach. In the gastric juice it is united
with dilute hydrochloric acid (0.2 per cent, approximately) and the
two together constitute the active portion of the digestive fluid. It
is the active agent in the gastric juice of all animals.

Note: As prepared from the glandular layer of pigs' or calves'
stomachs it constitutes an important article of pharmacy.

PEPSINHYDROCHLORIC
Pep`sin*hy`dro*chlo"ric, a. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Same as Peptohydrochloric.

PEPSINOGEN
Pep*sin"o*gen, n. Etym: [Pepsin + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The antecedent of the ferment pepsin. A substance contained in
the form of granules in the peptic cells of the gastric glands. It is
readily convertible into pepsin. Also called propepsin.

PEPTIC
Pep"tic, a. Etym: [L. pepticus, Gr. Pepsin.]

1. Relating to digestion; promoting digestion; digestive; as, peptic
sauces.

2. Able to digest. [R.]
Tolerably nutritive for a mind as yet so peptic. Carlyle.

3. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to pepsin; resembling pepsin in its power of
digesting or dissolving albuminous matter; containing or yielding
pepsin, or a body of like properties; as, the peptic glands.

PEPTIC
Pep"tic, n.

1. An agent that promotes digestion.

2. pl.

Defn: The digestive organs.
Is there some magic in the place, Or do my peptics differ Tennyson.

PEPTICS
Pep"tics, n.

Defn: The science of digestion.

PEPTOGEN
Pep"to*gen, n. Etym: [Peptone + -gen.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A substance convertible into peptone.

PEPTOGENIC
Pep`to*gen"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Peptogenous.

PEPTOGENOUS
Pep*tog"e*nous, a. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Capable of yielding, or being converted into, peptone.

PEPTOHYDROCHLORIC
Pep`to*hy`dro*chlo"ric, a. Etym: [See Peptone, and Hydrochloric.]
(Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Designating a hypothetical acid (called peptohydrochloric acid,
pepsinhydrochloric acid, and chloropeptic acid) which is supposed to
be formed when pepsin and dilute (0.1-0.4 per cent) hydrochloric acid
are mixed together.

PEPTONE
Pep"tone, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)
(a) The soluble and diffusible substance or substances into which
albuminous portions of the food are transformed by the action of the
gastric and pancreatic juices. Peptones are also formed from
albuminous matter by the action of boiling water and boiling dilute
acids.
(b) Collectively, in a broader sense, all the products resulting from
the solution of albuminous matter in either gastric or pancreatic
juice. In this case, however, intermediate products (albumose
bodies), such as antialbumose, hemialbumose, etc., are mixed with the
true peptones. Also termed albuminose.

Note: Pure peptones are of three kinds, amphopeptone, antipeptone,
and hemipeptone, and, unlike the albumose bodies, are not
precipitated by saturating their solutions with ammonium sulphate.

PEPTONIZE
Pep"to*nize, v. t. (Physiol.)

Defn: To convert into peptone; to digest or dissolve by means of a
proteolytic ferment; as, peptonized food.

PEPTONOID
Pep"to*noid, n. Etym: [Peptone + -oid.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A substance related to peptone.

PEPTONURIA
Pep`to*nu"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Peptone, and Urine.] (Med.)

Defn: The presence of peptone, or a peptonelike body, in the urine.

PEPTOTOXINE
Pep`to*tox"ine, n. Etym: [Peptone + toxic + -ine.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A toxic alkaloid found occasionally associated with the
peptones formed from fibrin by pepsinhydrochloric acid.

PEQUOTS
Pe"quots, n. pl.; sing. Pequot (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited Eastern Connecticut.
[Written also Pequods.]

PER-
Per-. Etym: [See Per.]

1. A prefix used to signify through, throughout, by, for, or as an
intensive as perhaps, by hap or chance; perennial, that lasts
throughout the year; perforce, through or by force; perfoliate,
perforate; perspicuous, evident throughout or very evident; perplex,
literally, to entangle very much.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Originally, denoting that the element to the name of which it
is prefixed in the respective compounds exercised its highest
valence; now, only that the element has a higher valence than in
other similar compounds; thus, barium peroxide is the highest oxide
of barium; while nitrogen and manganese peroxides, so-called, are not
the highest oxides of those elements.

PER
Per, prep. Etym: [L. Cf. Far, For-, Pardon, and cf. Par, prep.]

Defn: Through; by means of; through the agency of; by; for; for each;
as, per annum; per capita, by heads, or according to individuals; per
curiam, by the court; per se, by itself, of itself. Per is also
sometimes used with English words. Per annum, by the year; in each
successive year; annually.
 -- Per cent, Per centum, by the hundred; in the hundred; -- used
esp. of proportions of ingredients, rate or amount of interest, and
the like; commonly used in the shortened form per cent.
 -- Per diem, by the day. [For other phrases from the Latin, see
Quotations, Phrases, etc., from Foreign Languages, in the
Supplement.]

PERACT
Per*act", v. t. Etym: [L. peractus, p.p. of peragere.]

Defn: To go through with; to perform. [Obs.] Sylvester.

PERACUTE
Per`a*cute", a. Etym: [L. peracutus. See Per-, and Acute.]

Defn: Very sharp; very violent; as, a peracute fever. [R.] Harvey.

PERADVENTURE
Per`ad*ven"ture, adv. & conj. Etym: [OE. per aventure, F. par
aventure. See Per, and Adventure.]

Defn: By chance; perhaps; it may be; if; supposing. "If peradventure
he speak against me." Shak.
Peradventure there be fifty righteous within the city. Gen. xviii.
24.

PERADVENTURE
Per`ad*ven"ture, n.

Defn: Chance; hap; hence, doubt; question; as, proved beyond
peradventure. South.

PERAEOPOD
Pe*ræ"o*pod, n. Etym: [Gr. -pod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the thoracic legs of a crustacean. See Illust. of
Crustacea.

PERAGRATE
Per"a*grate, v. t. Etym: [L. peragratus, p.p. of peragrate.]

Defn: To travel over or through. [Obs.]

PERAGRATION
Per`agra"tion, n. Etym: [L. peragratio: cf. F. peragration.]

Defn: The act or state of passing through any space; as, the
peragration of the moon in her monthly revolution. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

PERAMBULATE
Per*am"bu*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perambulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Perambulating.] Etym: [L. perambulatus, p.p. of perambulare to
perambulate; per through + ambulare to walk. See Per-, and Amble.]

Defn: To walk through or over; especially, to travel over for the
purpose of surveying or examining; to inspect by traversing;
specifically, to inspect officially the boundaries of, as of a town
or parish, by walking over the whole line.

PERAMBULATE
Per*am"bu*late, v. i.

Defn: To walk about; to ramble; to stroll; as, he perambulated in the
park.

PERAMBULATION
Per*am`bu*la"tion, n.

1. The act of perambulating; traversing. Bacon.

2. An annual survey of boundaries, as of town, a parish, a forest,
etc.

3. A district within which one is authorized to make a tour of
inspection. "The . . . bounds of his own perambulation." [Obs.]
Holyday.

PERAMBULATOR
Per*am"bu*la`tor, n.

1. One who perambulates.

2. A surveyor's instrument for measuring distances. It consists of a
wheel arranged to roll along over the ground, with an apparatus of
clockwork, and a dial plate upon which the distance traveled is shown
by an index. See Odometer.

3. A low carriage for a child, propelled by pushing.

PERAMELES
Per`a*me"les, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. meles a badger.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marsupial of the genus Perameles, which includes numerous
species found in Australia. They somewhat resemble rabbits in size
and form. See Illust. under Bandicoot.

PERBEND
Per"bend, n.

Defn: See Perpender.

PERBREAK
Per"break`, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Parbreak.

PERBROMATE
Per*bro"mate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of perbromic acid.

PERBROMIC
Per*bro"mic, a. Etym: [Pref. per- + bromic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, the highest oxygen acid, HBrO4,
of bromine.

PERBROMIDE
Per*bro"mide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A bromide having a higher proportion of bromine than any other
bromide of the same substance or series.

PERCA
Per"ca, n. Etym: [L., a perch.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fishes, including the fresh-water perch.

PERCALE
Per`cale", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A fine cotton fabric, having a linen finish, and often printed
on one side, -- used for women's and children's wear.

PERCALINE
Per`ca`line", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A fine kind of French cotton goods, usually of one color.

PERCARBIDE
Per*car"bide, n. Etym: [Pref. per- + carbide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound containing a relatively large amount of carbon. [R.]

PERCARBURET
Per*car"bu*ret, n. Etym: [Pref. per- + carburet.] (Chem.)

Defn: A percarbide. [Obsoles.]

PERCARBURETED
Per*car"bu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined with a relatively large amount of carbon.

PERCASE
Per*case", adv. Etym: [OE. per cas. See Parcase.]

Defn: Perhaps; perchance. [Obs.] Bacon.

PERCE
Perce, v. t.

Defn: To pierce. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PERCEIVABLE
Per*ceiv"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being perceived; perceptible.
 -- Per*ceiv"a*bly, adv.

PERCEIVANCE
Per*ceiv"ance, n.

Defn: Power of perceiving. [Obs.] "The senses and common
perceivance." Milton.

PERCEIVE
Per*ceive", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perceived; p. pr. & vb. n.
Perceiving.] Etym: [OF. percevoir, perceveir, L. percipere,
perceptum; per (see Per-) + capere to take, receive. See Capacious,
and cf. Perception.]

1. To obtain knowledge of through the senses; to receive impressions
from by means of the bodily organs; to take cognizance of the
existence, character, or identity of, by means of the senses; to see,
hear, or feel; as, to perceive a distant ship; to perceive a discord.
Reid.

2. To take intellectual cognizance of; to apprehend by the mind; to
be convinced of by direct intuition; to note; to remark; to discern;
to see; to understand.
Jesus perceived their wickedness. Matt. xxii. 18.
You may, fair lady, Perceive I speak sincerely. Shak.
Till we ourselves see it with our own eyes, and perceive it by our
own understandings, we are still in the dark. Locke.

3. To be affected of influented by. [R.]
The upper regions of the air perceive the collection of the matter of
tempests before the air here below. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- To discern; distinguish; observe; see; feel; know; understand.
 -- To Perceive, Discern. To perceive a thing is to apprehend it as
presented to the senses or the intellect; to discern is to mark
differences, or to see a thing as distinguished from others around
it. We may perceive two persons afar off without being able to
discern whether they are men or women. Hence, discern is often used
of an act of the senses or the mind involving close, discriminating,
analytical attention. We perceive that which is clear or obvious; we
discern that which requires much attention to get an idea of it. "We
perceive light, darkness, colors, or the truth or falsehood of
anything. We discern characters, motives, the tendency and
consequences of actions, etc." Crabb.

PERCEIVER
Per*ceiv"er, n.

Defn: One who perceives (in any of the senses of the verb). Milton.

PERCELY
Perce"ly, n.

Defn: Parsley. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PERCENTAGE
Per*cent"age, n. Etym: [Per cent + -age, as in average. See Per, and
Cent.] (Com.)

Defn: A certain rate per cent; the allowance, duty, rate of interest,
discount, or commission, on a hundred.

PERCEPT
Per"cept, n. Etym: [From L. percipere, perceptum.]

Defn: That which is perceived. Sir W. Hamilton.
The modern discussion between percept and concept, the one sensuous,
the other intellectual. Max Müller.

PERCEPTIBILITY
Per*cep`ti*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perceptibilité.]

1. The quality or state of being perceptible; as, the perceptibility
of light or color.

2. Perception. [R.] Dr. H. More.

PERCEPTIBLE
Per*cep"ti*ble, a. Etym: [L. perceptibilis: cf. F. perceptible. See
Perceive.]

Defn: Capable of being perceived; cognizable; discernible;
perceivable.
With a perceptible blast of the air. Bacon.
-- Per*cep"ti*ble*ness, n.
 -- Per*cep"ti*bly, adv.

PERCEPTION
Per*cep"tion, n. Etym: [L. perceptio: cf. F. perception. See
Perceive.]

1. The act of perceiving; cognizance by the senses or intellect;
apperhension by the bodily organs, or by the mind, of what is
presented to them; discernment; apperhension; cognition.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: The faculty of perceiving; the faculty, or peculiar part, of
man's constitution by which he has knowledge through the medium or
instrumentality of the bodily organs; the act of apperhending
material objects or qualities through the senses; -- distinguished
from conception. Sir W. Hamilton.
Matter hath no life nor perception, and is not conscious of its own
existence. Bentley.

3. The quality, state, or capability, of being affected by something
external; sensation; sensibility. [Obs.]
This experiment discovereth perception in plants. Bacon.

4. An idea; a notion. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

Note: "The word perception is, in the language of philosophers
previous to Reid, used in a very extensive signification. By
Descartes, Malebranche, Locke, Leibnitz, and others, it is employed
in a sense almost as unexclusive as consciousness, in its widest
signification. By Reid this word was limited to our faculty
acquisitive of knowledge, and to that branch of this faculty whereby,
through the senses, we obtain a knowledge of the external world. But
his limitation did not stop here. In the act of external perception
he distinguished two elements, to which he gave the names of
perception and sensation. He ought perhaps to have called these
perception proper and sensation proper, when employed in his special
meaning." Sir W. Hamilton.

PERCEPTIVE
Per*cep"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. perceptif.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the act or power of perceiving; having the
faculty or power of perceiving; used in perception. "His perceptive
and reflective faculties." Motley.

PERCEPTIVITY
Per`cep*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being perceptive; power of perception.
Locke.

PERCESOCES
Per*ces"o*ces, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. perca a perch + esox, -ocis,
a pike.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes including the gray mullets (Mugil), the
barracudas, the silversides, and other related fishes. So called from
their relation both to perches and to pikes.

PERCH
Perch, n. [Written also pearch.] Etym: [OE. perche, F. perche, L.
perca, fr. Gr. p spotted, speckled, and E. freckle.] (Zoöl.)

1. Any fresh-water fish of the genus Perca and of several other
allied genera of the family Percidæ, as the common American or yellow
perch (Perca flavescens, or Americana), and the European perch (P.
fluviatilis).

2. Any one of numerous species of spiny-finned fishes belonging to
the Percidæ, Serranidæ, and related families, and resembling, more or
less, the true perches. Black perch. (a) The black bass. (b) The
flasher. (c) The sea bass.
 -- Blue perch, the cunner.
 -- Gray perch, the fresh-water drum.
 -- Red perch, the rosefish.
 -- Red-bellied perch, the long-eared pondfish.
 -- Perch pest, a small crustacean, parasitic in the mouth of the
perch.
 -- Silver perch, the yellowtail.
 -- Stone, or Striped, perch, the pope.
 -- White perch, the Roccus, or Morone, Americanus, a small silvery
serranoid market fish of the Atlantic coast.

PERCH
Perch, n. Etym: [F. perche, L. pertica.]

1. A pole; a long staff; a rod; esp., a pole or other support for
fowls to roost on or to rest on; a roost; figuratively, any elevated
resting place or seat.
As chauntecleer among his wives all Sat on his perche, that was in
his hall. Chaucer.
Not making his high place the lawless perch Of winged ambitions.
Tennyson.

2.
(a) A measure of length containing five and a half yards; a rod, or
pole.
(b) In land or square measure: A square rod; the 160th part of an
acre.
(c) In solid measure: A mass 16

3. A pole connecting the fore gear and hind gear of a spring
carriage; a reach.

PERCH
Perch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perched; p. pr. & vb. n. Perching.] Etym:
[F. percher. See Perch a pole.]

Defn: To alight or settle, as a bird; to sit or roost.
Wrens make prey where eagles dare not perch. Shak.

PERCH
Perch, v. t.

1. To place or to set on, or as on, a perch.

2. To occupy as a perch. Milton.

PERCHANCE
Per*chance", adv. Etym: [F. par by (L. per) + chance. See Par, and
Chance.]

Defn: By chance; perhaps; peradventure.

PERCHANT
Perch"ant, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A bird tied by the foot, to serve as decoy to other birds by
its fluttering.

PERCHER
Perch"er, n. Etym: [From Perch, v. i.]

1. One who, or that which, perches. J. Burroughs.

2. One of the Insessores.

3. Etym: [From Perch a pole.]

Defn: A Paris candle anciently used in England; also, a large wax
candle formerly set upon the altar. [Obs.] Bailey.

PERCHERON
Per"che*ron, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: One of a breed of draught horses originating in Perche, an old
district of France; -- called also Percheron-Norman.

PERCHLORATE
Per*chlo"rate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of perchloric acid.

PERCHLORIC
Per*chlo"ric, a. Etym: [Pref. per- + chloric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, the highest oxygen acid (HClO4),
of chlorine; -- called also hyperchloric.

PERCHLORIDE
Per*chlo"ride, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A chloride having a higher proportion of chlorine than any
other chloride of the same substance or series.

PERCHROMIC
Per*chro"mic, a. Etym: [Pref. per- + chromic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a certain one of the highly
oxidized compounds of chromium, which has a deep blue color, and is
produced by the action of hydrogen peroxide.

PERCIFORM
Per"ci*form, a. Etym: [NL., & L. perca a perch + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Perciformes.

PERCIFORMES
Per`ci*for"mes, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive tribe or suborder of fishes, including the true
perches (Percidæ); the pondfishes (Centrarchidæ); the sciænoids
(Sciænidæ); the sparoids (Sparidæ); the serranoids (Serranidæ), and
some other related families.

PERCIPIENCE; PERCIPIENCY
Per*cip"i*ence, Per*cip"i*en*cy, n.

Defn: The faculty, act or power of perceiving; perception. Mrs.
Browning.

PERCIPIENT
Per*cip"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. percipiens, -entis, p.pr. of percipere.
See Perceive.]

Defn: Having the faculty of perception; perceiving; as, a percipient
being. Bentley.
 -- n.

Defn: One who, or that which, is percipient. Glanvill.

PERCLOSE
Per*close", n. Etym: [OF. parclose an inclosed place; L. per through
+ claudere, clausum, to shut.]

1. (Eccl. Arch.)

Defn: Same as Parclose.

2. Conclusion; end. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

PERCOID
Per"coid, a. Etym: [L. perca a perch + -oid: cf. F. percoïde.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, the perches, or family Percidæ.
 -- n.

Defn: Any fish of the genus Perca, or allied genera of the family
Percidæ.

PERCOIDEA
Per*coi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Perciformes.

PERCOLATE
Per"co*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Percolated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Percolating.] Etym: [L. percolatus, p.p. of percolare to percolate;
per through + colare to strain.]

Defn: To cause to pass through fine interstices, as a liquor; to
filter; to strain. Sir M. Hale.

PERCOLATE
Per"co*late, v. i.

Defn: To pass through fine interstices; to filter; as, water
percolates through porous stone.

PERCOLATION
Per`co*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. percolatio.]

Defn: The act or process of percolating, or filtering; filtration;
straining. Specifically (Pharm.), the process of exhausting the
virtues of a powdered drug by letting a liquid filter slowly through
it.

PERCOLATOR
Per"co*la`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, filters. "[Tissues] act as
percolators." Henfrey.

PERCOMORPHI
Per`co*mor"phi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. perca perch + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of fishes including the perches and related kinds.

PERCULACED
Per"cu*laced, a. Etym: [Prob. corrupt. fr. portcullised.] (Her.)

Defn: Latticed. See Lattice, n., 2.

PERCURRENT
Per*cur"rent, a. Etym: [L. percurrens, p.pr. of percurrere to run
through; per through + currere to run.]

Defn: Running through the entire length.

PERCURSORY
Per*cur"so*ry, a. Etym: [L. percursor one who runs through, fr.
percurrere. See Percurrent.]

Defn: Running over slightly or in haste; cursory. [R.]

PERCUSS
Per*cuss", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Percussed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Percussing.] Etym: [L. percussus, p.p. of percutere; per + quatere to
shake, strike. See Quash.]

Defn: To strike smartly; to strike upon or against; as, to percuss
the chest in medical examination.
Flame percussed by air giveth a noise. Bacon.

PERCUSS
Per*cuss", v. i. (Med.)

Defn: To strike or tap in an examination by percussion. See
Percussion, 3. Quain.

PERCUSSION
Per*cus"sion, n. Etym: [L. percussio: cf. F. percussion. See
Percuss.]

1. The act of percussing, or striking one body against another;
forcible collision, esp. such as gives a sound or report. Sir I.
Newton.

2. Hence: The effect of violent collision; vibratory shock;
impression of sound on the ear.
The thunderlike percussion of thy sounds. Shak.

3. (Med.)

Defn: The act of tapping or striking the surface of the body in order
to learn the condition of the parts beneath by the sound emitted or
the sensation imparted to the fingers. Percussion is said to be
immediate if the blow is directly upon the body; if some interventing
substance, as a pleximeter, is, used, it is called mediate. Center of
percussion. See under Center.
 -- Percussion bullet, a bullet containing a substance which is
exploded by percussion; an explosive bullet.
 -- Percussion cap, a small copper cap or cup, containing fulminating
powder, and used with a percussion lock to explode gunpowder.
 -- Percussion fuze. See under Fuze.
 -- Percussion lock, the lock of a gun that is fired by percussion
upon fulminating powder.
 -- Percussion match, a match which ignites by percussion.
 -- Percussion powder, powder so composed as to ignite by slight
percussion; fulminating powder.
 -- Percussion sieve, Percussion table, a machine for sorting ores by
agitation in running water.

PERCUSSIVE
Per*cuss"ive, a.

Defn: Striking against; percutient; as, percussive force.

PERCUTIENT
Per*cu"tient, a. Etym: [L. percutiens, p.pr. of percutere. See
Percuss.]

Defn: Striking; having the power of striking.
 -- n.

Defn: That which strikes, or has power to strike. Bacon.

PERDICINE
Per"di*cine, a. Etym: [See Perdix.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the family Perdicidæ, or partridges.

PERDIE
Per*die", adv.

Defn: See Parde. Spenser.

PER DIEM
Per di"em. [L.]

Defn: By the day; substantively (chiefly U. S.), an allowance or
amount of so much by the day.

PERDIFOIL
Per"di*foil, n. Etym: [L. perdere to lose + folium leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: A deciduous plant; -- opposed to Ant: evergreen. J. Barton.

PERDITION
Per*di"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. perditio, fr. perdere, perditum, to
ruin, to lose; per (cf. Skr. para away) + -dere (only in comp.) to
put; akin to Gr. do. See Do.]

1. Entire loss; utter destruction; ruin; esp., the utter loss of the
soul, or of final happiness in a future state; future misery or
eternal death.
The mere perdition of the Turkish fleet. Shak.
If we reject the truth, we seal our own perdition. J. M. Mason.

2. Loss of diminution. [Obs.] Shak.

PERDITIONABLE
Per*di"tion*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being ruined; worthy of perdition. [R.] Pollok.

PERDIX
Per"dix, n. Etym: [L., a partridge, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds including the common European partridge.
Formerly the word was used in a much wider sense to include many
allied genera.

PERDU
Per*du", n. Etym: [See Perdu, a.]

1. One placed on watch, or in ambush.

2. A soldier sent on a forlorn hope. Shak.

PERDU; PERDUE
Per*du", Per*due", a. Etym: [F. perdu, f. perdue, lost, p.p. of
perdre to lose, L. perdere. See Perdition.]

1. Lost to view; in concealment or ambush; close.
He should lie perdue who is to walk the round. Fuller.

2. Accustomed to, or employed in, desperate enterprises; hence,
reckless; hopeless. "A perdue captain." Beau. & Fl.

PERDUELLION
Per`du*el"lion, n. Etym: [L. perduellio; per + duellum, bellum, war.]
(Civil Law)

Defn: Treason.

PERDULOUS
Per"du*lous, a. Etym: [See Perdu, a.]

Defn: Lost; thrown away. [Obs.] Abp. Bramhall.

PERDURABILITY
Per*dur`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Durability; lastingness. [Archaic] Chaucer.

PERDURABLE
Per*dur"a*ble, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perdurable, OE. pardurable. See
Perdure.]

Defn: Very durable; lasting; continuing long. [Archaic] Chaucer.
Shak.
 -- Per*dur"a*bly, adv. [Archaic]

PERDURANCE; PERDURATION
Per*dur"ance, Per`du*ra"tion, n.

Defn: Long continuance. [Archaic]

PERDURE
Per*dure", v. i. Etym: [L. perdurare; per trough + durare to last.]

Defn: To last or endure for a long time; to be perdurable or lasting.
[Archaic]
The mind perdures while its energizing may construct a thousand
lines. Hickok.

PERDY
Per*dy", adv.

Defn: Truly. See Parde. [Obs.]
Ah, dame! perdy ye have not done me right. Spenser.

PERE
Pere, n.

Defn: A peer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PEREGAL
Per*e"gal, a. Etym: [OF. par very (L. per) + egal equal, L.
aequalis.]

Defn: Fully equal. [Obs.] Chaucer. "Peregal to the best." Spenser.

PEREGRINATE
Per"e*gri*nate, v. i. Etym: [L. peregrinatus, p.p. of peregrinari to
travel. See Pilgrim.]

Defn: To travel from place to place, or from one country to another;
hence, to sojourn in foreign countries.

PEREGRINATE
Per"e*gri*nate, a. Etym: [L. peregrinatus, p.p.]

Defn: Having traveled; foreign. [Obs.] Shak.

PEREGRINATION
Per`e*gri*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. peregrinatio: cf. F. pérégrination.]

Defn: A traveling from one country to another; a wandering; sojourn
in foreign countries. "His peregrination abroad." Bacon.

PEREGRINATOR
Per"e*gri*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who peregrinates; one who travels about.

PEREGRINE
Per"e*grine, a. Etym: [L. peregrinus. See Pilgrim.]

Defn: Foreign; not native; extrinsic or from without; exotic. [Spelt
also pelegrine.] "Peregrine and preternatural heat." Bacon. Peregrine
falcon (Zoöl.), a courageous and swift falcon (Falco peregrinus),
remarkable for its wide distribution over all the continents. The
adult plumage is dark bluish ash on the back, nearly black on the
head and cheeks, white beneath, barred with black below the throat.
Called also peregrine hawk, duck hawk, game hawk, and great-footed
hawk.

PEREGRINE
Per"e*grine, n.

Defn: The peregrine falcon.

PEREGRINITY
Per`e*grin"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. peregrinitas: cf. F. pérégrinité.]

1. Foreignness; strangeness. [Obs.] "Somewhat of a peregrinity in
their dialect." Johnson.

2. Travel; wandering. [R.] Carlyle.

PEREL
Per"el, n.

Defn: Apparel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PEREMPT
Per*empt", v. t. Etym: [L. peremptus, p.p. of perimere to take away
entirely, to destroy; per (see Per-) + OL. emere to take. See
Redeem.] (Law)

Defn: To destroy; to defeat. [R.] Ayliffe.

PEREMPTION
Per*emp"tion, n. Etym: [L. peremptio: cf. F. péremption.] (Law)

Defn: A quashing; a defeating. [Obs.]

PEREMPTORILY
Per"emp*to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a peremptory manner; absolutely; positively. Bacon.

PEREMPTORINESS
Per"emp*to*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being peremptory; positiveness.

PEREMPTORY
Per"emp*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. peremptorius destructive, deadly,
decisive, final: cf. F. péremptorie. See Perempt.]

1. Precluding debate or expostulation; not admitting of question or
appeal; positive; absolute; decisive; conclusive; final.
Think of heaven with hearty purposes and peremptory designs to get
thither. Jer. Taylor.

2. Positive in opinion or judgment; decided; dictatorial; dogmatical.
Be not too positive and peremptory. Bacon.
Briefly, then, for we are peremptory. Shak.

3. Firmly determined; unawed. [Poetic] Shak. Peremptory challenge
(Law) See under Challenge.
 -- Peremptory mandamus, a final and absolute mandamus.
 -- Peremptory plea, a plea by a defendant tending to impeach the
plaintiff's right of action; a plea in bar.

Syn.
 -- Decisive; positive; absolute; authoritative; express; arbitrary;
dogmatical.

PERENNIAL
Per*en"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. perennis that lasts the whole year
through; per through + annus year. See Per-, and Annual.]

1. ing or continuing through the year; as, perennial fountains.

2. Continuing without cessation or intermission; perpetual;
unceasing; never failing.
The perennial existence of bodies corporate. Burke.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Continuing more than two years; as, a perennial steam, or root,
or plant.

Syn.
 -- Perpetual; unceasing; never failing; enduring; continual;
permanent; uninterrupted.

PERENNIAL
Per*en"ni*al, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial plant; a plant which lives or continues more than
two years, whether it retains its leaves in winter or not.

PERENNIALLY
Per*en"ni*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a perennial manner.

PERENNIBRANCHIATA
Per*en`ni*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Perennial, and
Branchia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Those Batrachia which retain their gills through life, as the
menobranchus.

PERENNIBRANCHIATE
Per*en`ni*bran"chi*ate, a. Etym: [See Perennial, and Branchiate.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Having branchæ, or gills, through life; -- said especially of
certain Amphibia, like the menobranchus. Opposed to caducibranchiate.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Perennibranchiata.

PERENNITY
Per*en"ni*ty, n. Etym: [L. perennitas.]

Defn: The quality of being perennial. [R.] Derham.

PERERRATION
Per`er*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. pererrare, pererratum, to wander
through.]

Defn: A wandering, or rambling, through various places. [R.] Howell.

PERFECT
Per"fect, a. Etym: [OE. parfit, OF. parfit, parfet, parfait, F.
parfait, L. perfectus, p.p. of perficere to carry to the end, to
perform, finish, perfect; per (see Per-) + facere to make, do. See
Fact.]

1. Brought to consummation or completeness; completed; not defective
nor redundant; having all the properties or qualities requisite to
its nature and kind; without flaw, fault, or blemish; without error;
mature; whole; pure; sound; right; correct.
My strength is made perfect in weakness. 2 Cor. xii. 9.
Three glorious suns, each one a perfect sun. Shak.
I fear I am not in my perfect mind. Shak.
O most entire perfect sacrifice! Keble.
God made thee perfect, not immutable. Milton.

2. Well informed; certain; sure.
I am perfect that the Pannonains are now in arms. Shak.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Hermaphrodite; having both stamens and pistils; -- said of
flower. Perfect cadence (Mus.), a complete and satisfactory close in
harmony, as upon the tonic preceded by the dominant.
 -- Perfect chord (Mus.), a concord or union of sounds which is
perfectly coalescent and agreeable to the ear, as the unison, octave,
fifth, and fourth; a perfect consonance; a common chord in its
original position of keynote, third, fifth, and octave.
 -- Perfect number (Arith.), a number equal to the sum of all its
divisors; as, 28, whose aliquot parts, or divisors, are 14, 7, 4, 2,
1. See Abundant number, under Abundant. Brande & C.
 -- Perfect tense (Gram.), a tense which expresses an act or state
completed.

Syn.
 -- Finished; consummate; complete; entire; faultless; blameless;
unblemished.

PERFECT
Per"fect, n.

Defn: The perfect tense, or a form in that tense.

PERFECT
Per"fect, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perfected; p. pr. & vb. n. Perfecting.]
Etym: [L. perfectus, p.p. of perficere. See Perfect, a.]

Defn: To make perfect; to finish or complete, so as to leave nothing
wanting; to give to anything all that is requisite to its nature and
kind.
God dwelleth in us, and his love is perfect in us. 1 John iv. 12.
Inquire into the nature and properties of the things, . . . and
thereby perfect our ideas of their distinct species. Locke.
Perfecting press (Print.), a press in which the printing on both
sides of the paper is completed in one passage through the machine.

Syn.
 -- To finish; accomplish; complete; consummate.

PERFECTER
Per"fect*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, makes perfect. "The . . . perfecter of
our faith." Barrow.

PERFECTIBILIAN
Per*fect`i*bil"i*an, n.

Defn: A perfectionist. [R.] Ed. Rev.

PERFECTIBILIST
Per`fec*tib"i*list, n.

Defn: A perfectionist. See also Illuminati, 2. [R.]

PERFECTIBILITY
Per*fect`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perfectibilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being perfectible.

PERFECTIBLE
Per*fect"i*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. perfectible.]

Defn: Capable of becoming, or being made, perfect.

PERFECTION
Per*fec"tion, n. Etym: [F. perfection, L. perfectio.]

1. The quality or state of being perfect or complete, so that nothing
requisite is wanting; entire development; consummate culture, skill,
or moral excellence; the highest attainable state or degree of
excellence; maturity; as, perfection in an art, in a science, or in a
system; perfection in form or degree; fruits in perfection.

2. A quality, endowment, or acquirement completely excellent; an
ideal faultlessness; especially, the divine attribute of complete
excellence. Shak.
What tongue can her perfections tell Sir P. Sidney.
To perfection, in the highest degree of excellence; perfectly; as, to
imitate a model to perfection.

PERFECTION
Per*fec"tion, v. t.

Defn: To perfect. [Obs.] Foote.

PERFECTIONAL
Per*fec"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to perfection; characterized by perfection.
[R.] Bp. Pearson.

PERFECTIONATE
Per*fec"tion*ate, v. t.

Defn: To perfect. Dryden.

PERFECTIONISM
Per*fec"tion*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of the Perfectionists.

PERFECTIONIST
Per*fec"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One pretending to perfection; esp., one pretending to moral
perfection; one who believes that persons may and do attain to moral
perfection and sinlessness in this life. South.

PERFECTIONMENT
Per*fec"tion*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perfectionnement.]

Defn: The act of bringing to perfection, or the state of having
attained to perfection. [R.] I. Taylor.

PERFECTIVE
Per*fect"ive, a.

Defn: Tending or conducing to make perfect, or to bring to
perfection; -- usually followed by of. "A perfective alteration."
Fuller.
Actions perfective of their natures. Ray.

PERFECTIVELY
Per*fec"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a perfective manner.

PERFECTLY
Per"fect*ly, adv.

Defn: In a perfect manner or degree; in or to perfection; completely;
wholly; throughly; faultlessly. "Perfectly divine." Milton.
As many as touched were made perfectly whole. Matt. xiv. 36.

PERFECTNESS
Per"fect*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being perfect; perfection. "Charity,
which is the bond of perfectness." Col. iii. 14.

PERFERVID
Per*fer"vid, a. Etym: [Pref. per- + fervid.]

Defn: Very fervid; too fervid; glowing; ardent.

PERFICIENT
Per*fi"cient, a. Etym: [L. perficiens, p.pr. of perficere to perform.
See Perfect.]

Defn: Making or doing throughly; efficient; effectual. [R.]
Blackstone.

PERFICIENT
Per*fi"cient, n.

Defn: One who performs or perfects a work; especially, one who endows
a charity. [R.]

PERFIDIOUS
Per*fid"i*ous, a. Etym: [L. perfidious.]

1. Guilty of perfidy; violating good faith or vows; false to trust or
confidence reposed; teacherous; faithless; as, a perfidious friend.
Shak.

2. Involving, or characterized by, perfidy. "Involved in this
perfidious fraud." Milton.

PERFIDIOUSLY
Per*fid"i*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a perfidious manner.

PERFIDIOUSNESS
Per*fid"i*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being perfidious; perfidy. Clarendon.

PERFIDY
Per"fi*dy, n.; pl. Perfidies. Etym: [L. perfidia, fr. L. perfidus
faithless; per (cf. Skr. para away) + fides faith: cf. F. perfidie.
See Faith.]

Defn: The act of violating faith or allegiance; violation of a
promise or vow, or of trust reposed; faithlessness; teachery.
The ambition and perfidy of tyrants. Macaulay.
His perfidy to this sacred engagement. DeQuincey.

PERFIT
Per"fit, a.

Defn: Perfect. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PERFIX
Per*fix", v. t. Etym: [Pref. per- + fix.]

Defn: To fix surely; to appoint. [Obs.]

PERFLABLE
Per"fla*ble, a. Etym: [L. perflabilis. See Perflate.]

Defn: Capable of being blown through. [Obs.]

PERFLATE
Per*flate", v. t. Etym: [L. perflatus, p.p. of perflare to blow
through.]

Defn: To blow through. [Obs.] Harvey.

PERFLATION
Per*fla"tion, n. Etym: [L. perflatio.]

Defn: The act of perflating. [Obs.] Woodward.

PERFOLIATE
Per*fo"li*ate, a. Etym: [Pref. per- + L. folium leaf.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the basal part produced around the stem; -- said of
leaves which the stem apparently passes directory through.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Surrounded by a circle of hairs, or projections of any kind.

PERFORATA
Per`fo*ra"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Perforate.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A division of corals including those that have a porous texture,
as Porites and Madrepora; -- opposed to Aporosa.
(b) A division of Foraminifera, including those having perforated
shells.

PERFORATE
Per"fo*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perforated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Perforating.] Etym: [L. perforatus, p.p. of perforare to perforate;
per through + forare to bore. See Bore, v.]

Defn: To bore through; to pierce through with a pointed instrument;
to make a hole or holes through by boring or piercing; to pierce or
penetrate the surface of. Bacon.

PERFORATE; PERFORATED
Per"fo*rate, Per"fo*ra`ted, a.

Defn: Pierced with a hole or holes, or with pores; having transparent
dots resembling holes.

PERFORATION
Per`fo*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perforation.]

1. The act of perforating, or of boring or piercing through. Bacon.

2. A hole made by boring or piercing; an aperture. "Slender
perforations." Sir T. Browne.

PERFORATIVE
Per"fo*ra*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. perforatif.]

Defn: Having power to perforate or pierce.

PERFORATOR
Per"fo*ra`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perforateur.]

Defn: One who, or that which, perforates; esp., a cephalotome.

PERFORCE
Per*force", adv. Etym: [F. par (L. per) + force.]

Defn: By force; of necessary; at any rate. Shak.

PERFORCE
Per*force", v. t.

Defn: To force; to compel. [Obs.]

PERFORM
Per*form", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Performed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Performing.] Etym: [OE. performen, parfourmen, parfournen, OF.
parfornir, parfournir, to finish, complete; OF. & F. par (see Par) +
fournir to finish, complete. The word has been influenced by form;
cf. L. performare to form thoroughly. See Furnish.]

1. To carry through; to bring to completion; to achieve; to
accomplish; to execute; to do.
I will cry unto God most high, unto God that performeth all things
for me. Ps. lvii. 2.
Great force to perform what they did attempt. Sir P. Sidney.

2. To discharge; to fulfill; to act up to; as, to perform a duty; to
perform a promise or a vow.
To perform your father's will. Shak.

3. To represent; to act; to play; as in drama.
Perform a part thou hast not done before. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To accomplish; do; act; transact; achieve; execute; discharge;
fulfill; effect; complete; consummate. See Accomplish.

PERFORM
Per*form", v. i.

Defn: To do, execute, or accomplish something; to acquit one's self
in any business; esp., to represent sometimes by action; to act a
part; to play on a musical instrument; as, the players perform
poorly; the musician performs on the organ.

PERFORMABLE
Per*form"a*ble, a.

Defn: Admitting of being performed, done, or executed; practicable.

PERFORMANCE
Per*form"ance, n.

Defn: The act of performing; the carrying into execution or action;
execution; achievement; accomplishment; representation by action; as,
the performance of an undertaking of a duty.
Promises are not binding where the performance is impossible. Paley.

2. That which is performed or accomplished; a thing done or carried
through; an achievement; a deed; an act; a feat; esp., an action of
an elaborate or public character. "Her walking and other actual
performances." Shak. "His musical performances." Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Completion; consummation; execution; accomplishment; achievement;
production; work; act; action; deed; exploit; feat.

PERFORMER
Per*form"er, n.

Defn: One who performs, accomplishes, or fulfills; as, a good
promiser, but a bad performer; especially, one who shows skill and
training in any art; as, a performer of the drama; a performer on the
harp.

PERFRICATE
Per"fri*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. perfricatus, p.p. of perfricare.]

Defn: To rub over. Bailey.

PERFUMATORY
Per*fu"ma*to*ry, a.

Defn: Emitting perfume; perfuming. [R.] Sir E. Leigh.

PERFUME
Per*fume", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perfumed; p. pr. & vb. n. Perfuming.]
Etym: [F. parfumer (cf. Sp. perfumar); par (see Par) + fumer to
smoke, L. fumare, fr. fumus smoke. See Fume.]

Defn: To fill or impregnate with a perfume; to scent.
And Carmel's flowery top perfumes the skies. Pope.

PERFUME
Per"fume, n. Etym: [F. parfum; cf. Sp. perfume. See Perfume, v.]

1. The scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a sweet-
smelling substance; a pleasant odor; fragrance; aroma.
No rich perfumes refresh the fruitful field. Pope.

2. A substance that emits an agreeable odor.
And thou shalt make it a perfume. Ex. xxx. 35.

PERFUMER
Per*fum"er, n.

1. One who, oe that which, perfumes.

2. One whose trade is to make or sell perfumes.

PERFUMERY
Per*fum"er*y, n.

1. Perfumes, in general.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. parfumerie.]

Defn: The art of preparing perfumes.

PERFUNCTORILY
Per*func"to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a perfunctory manner; formally; carelessly. Boyle.

PERFUNCTORINESS
Per*func"to*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being perfunctory.

PERFUNCTORY
Per*func"to*ry, a. Etym: [L. perfunctorius, fr. perfunctus
dispatched, p.p. of perfungi to discharge, dispatch; per (see Per) +
fungi to perform. See Function.]

1. Done merely to get rid of a duty; performed mechanically and as a
thing of rote; done in a careless and superficial manner;
characterized by indifference; as, perfunctory admonitions. Macaulay.

2. Hence: Mechanical; indifferent; listless; careless. "Perfunctory
in his devotions." Sharp.

PERFUNCTURATE
Per*func"tu*rate, v. t.

Defn: To perform in a perfunctory manner; to do negligently. [R.]

PERFUSE
Per*fuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perfused; p. pr. & vb. n. Perfusing.]
Etym: [L. perfusus, p.p. of perfundere to pour over; per + fundere to
pour.]

Defn: To suffuse; to fill full or to excess. Harvey.

PERFUSION
Per*fu"sion, n. Etym: [L. perfusio.]

Defn: The act of perfusing.

PERFUSIVE
Per*fu"sive, a.

Defn: Of a nature to flow over, or to spread through.

PERGAMENOUS; PERGAMENTACEOUS
Per`ga*me"no*us, Per`ga*men*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [L. pergamena
parchment. See Parchment.]

Defn: Like parchment.

PERGOLA
Per"go*la, n. [It., fr. L. pergula shed, shop, vine arbor.]

Defn: Lit., an arbor or bower; specif.: (Italian art)

Defn: An arbor or trellis treated architecturally, as with stone
columns or similar massive structure.

PERGOLO
Per"go*lo, n. [It.]

Defn: A continuous colonnade or arcade; -- applied to the decorative
groups of windows, as in Venetian palazzi.

PERHAPS
Per*haps", adv. Etym: [Per + hap chance.]

Defn: By chance; peradventure; perchance; it may be.
And pray God, if perhaps the thought of thine heart may be forgiven
thee. Acts viii. 22.

PERI-
Per"i-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A prefix used to signify around, by, near, over, beyond, or to
give an intensive sense; as, perimeter, the measure around; perigee,
point near the earth; periergy, work beyond what is needed;
perispherical, quite spherical.

PERI
Pe"ri, n.; pl. Peris. Etym: [Per. peri a female genus, a fairy.]
(Persian Myth.)

Defn: An imaginary being, male or female, like an elf or fairy,
represented as a descendant of fallen angels, excluded from paradise
till penance is accomplished. Moore.

PERIAGUA
Per`i*a"gua, n.

Defn: See Pirogue.

PERIANTH
Per"i*anth, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr. périanthe.] (Bot.)
(a) The leaves of a flower generally, especially when the calyx and
corolla are not readily distinguished.
(b) A saclike involucre which incloses the young fruit in most
hepatic mosses. See Illust. of Hepatica.

PERIANTHIUM
Per`i*an"thi*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: The perianth.

PERIAPT
Per"i*apt, n. Etym: [Gr. périapte.]

Defn: A charm worn as a protection against disease or mischief; an
amulet. Coleridge.
Now help, ye charming spells and periapts. Shak.

PERIASTRAL
Per`i*as"tral, a.

Defn: Among or around the stars. "Comets in periastral passage." R.
A. Proctor.

PERIASTRON
Per`i*as"tron, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: That point, in the real or apparent orbit of one star revolving
around another, at which the former is nearest to the latter.

PERIAUGER
Per"i*au"ger, n.

Defn: See Pirogue. W. Irving.

PERIBLAST
Per"i*blast, a. Etym: [Gr. Peri-, and -blast.] (Biol.)

Defn: The protoplasmic matter which surrounds the entoblast, or cell
nucleus, and undergoes segmentation.
 -- Per`i*blas"tic, a.

PERIBLEM
Per"i*blem, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + root of Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Nascent cortex, or immature cellular bark.

PERIBOLOS
Pe*rib"o*los, n. Etym: [Nl., fr. Gr. peribolus.]

Defn: In ancient architecture, an inclosed court, esp., one
surrounding a temple.

PERIBRANCHIAL
Per`i*bran"chi*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Surrounding the branchiæ; as, a peribranchial cavity.

PERIBRANCHIAL
Per`i*bran"chi*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Around the bronchi or bronchial tubes; as, the peribronchial
lymphatics.

PERICAMBIUM
Per`i*cam"bi*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Peri-, and Cambium.] (Biol.)

Defn: A layer of thin-walled young cells in a growing stem, in which
layer certain new vessels originate.

PERICARDIAC; PERICARDIAL
Per`i*car"di*ac, Per`i*car"di*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to pericardium; situated around the heart.
Pericardial fluid (Physiol.), a serous fluid of a pale yellow color
contained in the pericardium.

PERICARDIAN
Per`i*car"di*an, a.

Defn: Pericardiac.

PERICARDIC
Per`i*car"dic, a.

Defn: Pericardiac.

PERICARDITUS
Per`i*car*di"tus, n. Etym: [NL. See Pericardium, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the pericardium. Dunglison.

PERICARDIUM
Per`i*car"di*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The double baglike fold of serous membrane which incloses the
heart.

Note: The inner layer is closely adherent to the outer surface of the
heart, and is called the cardiac pericardium. The outer layer loosely
incloses the heart and the adherent inner layer, and is called the
parietal pericardium. At the base of the heart the two layers are
continuous, and form a narrow closed cavity filled with fluid, in
which the pulsations of the heart cause little friction.

PERICARP
Per"i*carp, n. Etym: [Gr. péricarpe.] (Bot.)

Defn: The ripened ovary; the walls of the fruit. See Illusts. of
Capsule, Drupe, and Legume.

PERICARPIAL; PERICARPIC
Per`i*car"pi*al, Per`i*car"pic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pericarp.

PERICELLULAR
Per`i*cel"lu*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Surrounding a cell; as, the pericellular lymph spaces
surrounding ganglion cells.

PERICHAETH
Per"i*chæth, n. Etym: [See Perichætium.] (Bot.)

Defn: The leafy involucre surrounding the fruit stalk of mosses;
perichætium; perichete.

PERICHAETIAL
Per`i*chæ"ti*al, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the perichæth.

PERICHAETIUM
Per`i*chæ"ti*um, n.; pl. Perichætia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Perichæth.

PERICHAETOUS
Per`i*chæ"tous, a. Etym: [See Perichætium.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Surrounded by setæ; -- said of certain earthworms (genus
Perichætus).

PERICHETE
Per"i*chete, n.

Defn: Same as Perichæth.

PERICHONDRIAL
Per`i*chon"dri*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the perichondrium; situated around
cartilage.

PERICHONDRITIS
Per`i*chon*dri"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Perichondrium, and -itis.]
(Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the perichondrium.

PERICHONDRIUM
Per`i*chon"dri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The membrane of fibrous connective tissue which closely invests
cartilage, except where covering articular surfaces.

PERICHORDAL
Per`i*chor"dal, a.

Defn: Around the notochord; as, a perichordal column. See Epichordal.

PERICLASE; PERICLASITE
Per"i*clase, Per`i*cla"site, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A grayish or dark green mineral, consisting essentially of
magnesia (magnesium oxide), occurring in granular forms or in
isometric crystals.

PERICLINIUM
Per`i*clin"i*um, n.; pl. Periclinia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The involucre which surrounds the common receptacle in
composite flowers.

PERICLITATE
Pe*ric"li*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. periclitatus, p.p. of periclitari,
fr. periculum.]

Defn: To endanger. [Obs.]
Periclitating, pardi! the whole family. Sterne.

PERICLITATION
Pe*ric`li*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. periclitatio: cf. F. périclitation.]

1. Trial; experiment. [Obs.]

2. The state of being in peril. [Obs.]

PERICOPE
Pe*ric"o*pe, n. Etym: [L., section of a book, Gr.

Defn: A selection or extract from a book; especially (Theol.), a
selection from the Bible, appointed to be read in the churches or
used as a text for a sermon.

PERICRANIAL
Per`i*cra"ni*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pericranium.

PERICRANIUM
Per`i*cra"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: The periosteum which covers the cranium externally; the region
around the cranium.

PERICULOUS
Pe*ric"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. periculosus. See Perilous.]

Defn: Dangerous; full of peril. [Obs.]

PERICULUM
Pe*ric"u*lum, n.; pl. Pericula. Etym: [L.] (Rom. & O.Eng. Law)

1. Danger; risk.

2. In a narrower, judicial sense: Accident or casus, as distinguished
from dolus and culpa, and hence relieving one from the duty of
performing an obligation.

PERICYSTITIS
Per`i*cys*ti"tis, n. [NL. See Peri-, and Cystitis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the bladder.

PERIDERM
Per"i*derm, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The outer layer of bark.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hard outer covering of hydroids and other marine animals;
the perisarc.

PERIDIASTOLE
Per`i*di*as"to*le, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The almost inappreciable time which elapses between the systole
and the diastole of the heart.

PERIDIUM
Pe*rid"i*um, n.; pl. Peridia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The envelope or coat of certain fungi, such as the puffballs
and earthstars.

PERIDOT
Per"i*dot, n. Etym: [F. péridot.] (Min.)

Defn: Chrysolite.

PERIDOTITE
Per"i*do*tite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. péridotite.] (Min.)

Defn: An eruptive rock characterized by the presence of chrysolite
(peridot). It also usually contains pyroxene, enstatite, chromite,
etc. It is often altered to serpentine.

Note: The chief diamond deposits in South Africa occur in a more or
less altered peridotite.

PERIDROME
Per"i*drome, n. Etym: [Gr. péridrome.] (Archæol.)

Defn: The space between the columns and the wall of the cella, in a
Greek or a Roman temple.

PERIECIANS
Per`i*e"cians, n. pl.

Defn: See Perioecians.

PERIENTERON
Per`i*en"te*ron, n. Etym: [NL. See Peri-, and Enteron.] (Anat.)

Defn: The primitive perivisceral cavity.

PERIERGY
Per"i*er`gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. Excessive care or diligence. [Obs.]

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: A bombastic or labored style. [R.]

PERIGANGLIONIC
Per`i*gan`gli*on"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Surrounding a ganglion; as, the periganglionic glands of the
frog.

PERIGASTRIC
Per`i*gas"tric, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Surrounding the stomach; -- applied to the body cavity of
Bryozoa and various other Invertebrata.

PERIGEAN
Per`i*ge"an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the perigee. Perigean tides, those spring tides
which occur soon after the moon passes her perigee.

PERIGEE; PERIGEUM
Per"i*gee, Per`i*ge"um, n. Etym: [NL. perigeum, fr. Gr. périgée.]
(Astron.)

Defn: That point in the orbit of the moon which is nearest to the
earth; -- opposed to Ant: apogee. It is sometimes, but rarely, used
of the nearest points of other orbits, as of a comet, a planet, etc.
Called also epigee, epigeum.

PERIGENESIS
Per`i*gen"e*sis, n. (Biol.)

Defn: A theory which explains inheritance by the transmission of the
type of growth force possessed by one generation to another.

PERIGENETIC
Per`i*gen"e*tic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to perigenesis.

PERIGONE
Per"i*gone, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr.

1. (Bot.)
(a) Any organ inclosing the essential organs of a flower; a perianth.
(b) In mosses, the involucral bracts of a male flower.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sac which surrounds the generative bodies in the gonophore of
a hydroid.

PERIGONIUM
Per`i*go"ni*um, n.; pl. Perigonia. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Same as Perigone.

PERIGORD PIE
Per"i*gord pie`. Etym: [From Périgord, a former province of France.]

Defn: A pie made of truffles, much esteemed by epicures.

PERIGRAPH
Per"i*graph, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A careless or inaccurate delineation of anything. Etym: [R.]

PERIGYNIUM
Per`i*gyn"i*um, n.; pl. Perigynia. Etym: [NL. See Perigynous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Some unusual appendage about the pistil, as the bottle-shaped
body in the sedges, and the bristles or scales in some other genera
of the Sedge family, or Cyperaceæ.

PERIGYNOUS
Pe*rig"y*nous, a. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the ovary free, but the petals and stamens borne on the
calyx; -- said of flower such as that of the cherry or peach.

PERIHELION; PERIHELIUM
Per`i*hel"ion, Per`i*he"li*um, n.; pl. Perihelia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Astron.)

Defn: That point of the orbit of a planet or comet which is nearest
to the sun; -- opposed to Ant: aphelion.

PERIL
Per"il, n. Etym: [F. péril, fr. L. periculum, periclum, akin to
peritus experienced, skilled, and E. fare. See Fare, and cf.
Experience.]

Defn: Danger; risk; hazard; jeopardy; exposure of person or property
to injury, loss, or destruction.
In perils of waters, in perils of robbers. 2 Cor. xi. 26.
Adventure hard With peril great achieved. Milton.
At, or On, one's peril, with risk or danger to one; at the hazard of.
"On thy soul's peril." Shak.

Syn.
 -- Hazard; risk; jeopardy. See Danger.

PERIL
Per"il, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Periled or Perilled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Periling or Perilling.]

Defn: To expose to danger; to hazard; to risk; as, to peril one's
life.

PERIL
Per"il, v. i.

Defn: To be in danger. [Obs.] Milton.

PERILLA
Pe*ril"la, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of labiate herbs, of which one species (Perilla
ocimoides, or P. Nankinensis) is often cultivated for its purple or
variegated foliage.

PERILOUS
Per"il*ous, a. Etym: [OF. perillous, perilleus, F. périlleux, L.
periculosus. See Peril.] [Written also perillous.]

1. Full of, attended with, or involving, peril; dangerous; hazardous;
as, a perilous undertaking.
Infamous hills, and sandy, perilous wilds. Milton.

2. Daring; reckless; dangerous. [Obs.] Latimer.
For I am perilous with knife in hand. Chaucer.
-- Per"il*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Per"il*ous*ness, n.

PERILYMPH
Per"i*lymph, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The fluid which surrounds the membranous labyrinth of the
internal ear, and separates it from the walls of the chambers in
which the labyrinth lies.

PERILYMPHANGIAL
Per`i*lym*phan"gi*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Around, or at the side of, a lymphatic vessel.

PERILYMPHATIC
Per`i*lym*phat"ic, a. (Anat.)
(a) Pertaining to, or containing, perilymph.
(b) Perilymphangial.

PERIMETER
Per*im"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. périmètre.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: The outer boundary of a body or figure, or the sum of all the
sides.

2. An instrument for determining the extent and shape of the field of
vision.

PERIMETRIC; PERIMETRICAL
Per`i*met"ric, Per`i*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the perimeter, or to perimetry; as, a
perimetric chart of the eye.

PERIMETRY
Per*im"e*try, n.

Defn: The art of using the perimeter; measurement of the field of
vision.

PERIMORPH
Per"i*morph, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A crystal of one species inclosing one of another species. See
Endomorph.

PERIMYSIAL
Per`i*my"sial, a. (Anat.)
(a) Surrounding a muscle or muscles.
(b) Of or pertaining to the perimysium.

PERIMYSIUM
Per`i*my"si*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The connective tissue sheath which surrounds a muscle, and
sends partitions inwards between the bundles of muscular fibers.

PERINAEUM
Per`i*næ"um, n.

Defn: See Perineum.

PERINEAL
Per`i*ne"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the perineum.

PERINEOPLASTY
Per`i*ne"o*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Perineum + -plasty.] (Med.)

Defn: The act or process of restoring an injured perineum.

PERINEORRHAPHY
Per`i*ne*or"rha*phy, n. Etym: [Perineum + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The operation of sewing up a ruptured perineum.

PERINEPHRITIS
Per`i*ne*phri"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Peri-, and Nephritis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the cellular tissue around the kidney.
 -- Per`i*ne*phrit"ic, a.

PERINEUM
Per`i*ne"um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The region which is included within the outlet of the pelvis,
and is traversed by the urinogenital canal and the rectum.

PERINEURIAL
Per`i*neu"ri*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Surrounding nerves or nerve fibers; of or pertaining to the
perineurium.

PERINEURIUM
Per`i*neu"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The connective tissue sheath which surrounds a bundle of nerve
fibers. See Epineurium, and Neurilemma.

PERINUCLEAR
Per`i*nu"cle*ar, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a nucleus; situated around a nucleus; as,
the perinuclear protoplasm.

PERIOD
Pe"ri*od, n. Etym: [L. periodus, Gr. période.]

1. A portion of time as limited and determined by some recurring
phenomenon, as by the completion of a revolution of one of the
heavenly bodies; a division of time, as a series of years, months, or
days, in which something is completed, and ready to recommence and go
on in the same order; as, the period of the sun, or the earth, or a
comet.

2. Hence: A stated and recurring interval of time; more generally, an
interval of time specified or left indefinite; a certain series of
years, months, days, or the like; a time; a cycle; an age; an epoch;
as, the period of the Roman republic.
How by art to make plants more lasting than their ordinary period.
Bacon.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: One of the great divisions of geological time; as, the Tertiary
period; the Glacial period. See the Chart of Geology.

4. The termination or completion of a revolution, cycle, series of
events, single event, or act; hence, a limit; a bound; an end; a
conclusion. Bacon.
So spake the archangel Michael; then paused, As at the world's great
period. Milton.
Evils which shall never end till eternity hath a period. Jer. Taylor.
This is the period of my ambition. Shak.

5. (Rhet.)

Defn: A complete sentence, from one full stop to another; esp., a
well-proportioned, harmonious sentence. "Devolved his rounded
periods." Tennyson.
Periods are beautiful when they are not too long. B. Johnson.

Note: The period, according to Heyse, is a compound sentence
consisting of a protasis and apodosis; according to Becker, it is the
appropriate form for the coördinate propositions related by
antithesis or causality. Gibbs.

6. (Print.)

Defn: The punctuation point [.] that marks the end of a complete
sentence, or of an abbreviated word.

7. (Math.)

Defn: One of several similar sets of figures or terms usually marked
by points or commas placed at regular intervals, as in numeration, in
the extraction of roots, and in circulating decimals.

8. (Med.)

Defn: The time of the exacerbation and remission of a disease, or of
the paroxysm and intermission.

9. (Mus.)

Defn: A complete musical sentence. The period, the present or current
time, as distinguished from all other times.

Syn.
 -- Time; date; epoch; era; age; duration; limit; bound; end;
conclusion; determination.

PERIOD
Pe"ri*od, v. t.

Defn: To put an end to. [Obs.] Shak.

PERIOD
Pe"ri*od, v. i.

Defn: To come to a period; to conclude. [Obs.] "You may period upon
this, that," etc. Felthman.

PERIODATE
Per*i"o*date, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of periodic acid.

PERIODIC
Per`i*od"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. per- + iodic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, the highest oxygen
acid (HIO

PERIODIC; PERIODICAL
Pe`ri*od"ic, Pe`ri*od"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. periodicus, Gr.
périodique.]

1. Of or pertaining to a period or periods, or to division by
periods.
The periodicaltimes of all the satellites. Sir J. Herschel.

2. Performed in a period, or regular revolution; proceeding in a
series of successive circuits; as, the periodical motion of the
planets round the sun.

3. Happening, by revolution, at a stated time; returning regularly,
after a certain period of time; acting, happening, or appearing, at
fixed intervals; recurring; as, periodical epidemics.
The periodic return of a plant's flowering. Henslow.
To influence opinion through the periodical press. Courthope.

4. (Rhet.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a period; constituting a complete sentence.
Periodic comet (Astron.), a comet that moves about the sun in an
elliptic orbit; a comet that has been seen at two of its approaches
to the sun.
 -- Periodic function (Math.), a function whose values recur at fixed
intervals as the variable uniformly increases. The trigonomertic
functions, as sin x, tan x, etc., are periodic functions. Exponential
functions are also periodic, having an imaginary period, and the
elliptic functions have not only a real but an imaginary period, and
are hence called doubly periodic.
 -- Periodic law (Chem.), the generalization that the properties of
the chemical elements are periodic functions of their atomic wieghts.
"In other words, if the elements are grouped in the order of their
atomic weights, it will be found that nearly the same properties
recur periodically throughout the entire series." The following
tabular arrangement of the atomic weights shows the regular
recurrence of groups (under I., II., III., IV., etc.), each
consisting of members of the same natural family. The gaps in the
table indicate the probable existence of unknown elements.
TABLE OF THE PERIODIC LAW OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS (The vertical
columns contain the periodic groups) Series1{ 2{ 3{ 4{ 5{ 6{ 7{ 8{ 9{
10{ 11{ 12{ ---------------------------------------------------------
-----|I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. | RH4 RH3 RH3 RH |R2O RO R3O3
RO2 R2O5 RO3 R2O7 RO4 -----------------------------------------------
---------------H 1 Li 7 Na 23 K 39 (Cu) 63 Rb 85.2 (Ag) (108) Cs 133
(-) (-) (Au) (197) (-) ----------------------------------------------
-------------------

Note: A similar relation had been enunciated in a crude way by
Newlands; but the law in its effective form was developed and
elaborated by Mendelejeff, whence it is sometimes called
Mendelejeff's law. Important extensions of it were also made by L.
Meyer. By this means Mendelejeff predicted with remarkable accuracy
the hypothetical elements ekaboron, ekaluminium, and ekasilicon,
afterwards discovered and named respectively scandium, gallium, and
germanium.
 -- Periodic star (Astron.), a variable star whose changes of
brightness recur at fixed periods.
 -- Periodic time of a heavenly body (Astron.), the time of a
complete revolution of the body about the sun, or of a satellite
about its primary.

PERIODICAL
Pe`ri*od"ic*al, n.

Defn: A magazine or other publication which appears at stated or
regular intervals.

PERIODICALIST
Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who publishes, or writes for, a periodical.

PERIODICALLY
Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a periodical manner.

PERIODICALNESS
Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: Periodicity.

PERIODICITY
Pe`ri*o*dic"i*ty, n.; pl. Periodicities. Etym: [Cf. F. périodicité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being periodical, or regularly
recurrent; as, the periodicity in the vital phenomena of plants.
Henfrey.

PERIODIDE
Per*i"o*dide, n. Etym: [Pref. per- + iodide.]

Defn: An iodide containing a higher proportion of iodine than any
other iodide of the same substance or series.

PERIODONTAL
Per`i*o*don"tal, a. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Surrounding the teeth.

PERIODOSCOPE
Pe`ri*od"o*scope, n. Etym: [Period + -scope.] (Med.)

Defn: A table or other means for calculating the periodical functions
of women. Dunglison.

PERIOECI; PERIOECIANS
Per`i*oe"ci, Per`i*oe"cians, n. pl. Etym: [NL. perioeci, fr. Gr.

Defn: Those who live on the same parallel of latitude but on opposite
meridians, so that it is noon in one place when it is midnight in the
other. Compare Antoeci.

PERIOPLE
Per"i*o*ple, n. Etym: [F. périople, from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The external smooth horny layer of the hoof of the horse and
allied animals.

PERIOPLIC
Per`i*op"lic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the periople; connected with the periople.

PERIOSTEAL
Per`i*os"te*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated around bone; of or pertaining to the periosteum.

PERIOSTEUM
Per`i*os"te*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. periosteon.] (Anat.)

Defn: The membrane of fibrous connective tissue which closely invests
all bones except at the articular surfaces.

PERIOSTITIS
Per`i*os*ti"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Periosteum, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the periosteum.

PERIOSTRACUM
Per`i*os"tra*cum, n.; pl. Periostraca. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A chitinous membrane covering the exterior of many shells; --
called also epidermis.

PERIOTIC
Per`i*o"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Surrounding, or pertaining to the region surrounding, the
internal ear; as, the periotic capsule.
 -- n.

Defn: A periotic bone.

PERIPATECIAN
Per`i*pa*te"cian, n.

Defn: A peripatetic. [Obs.]

PERIPATETIC
Per`i*pa*tet"ic, a. Etym: [L. peripateticus, Gr. péripatétique.]

1. Walking about; itinerant.

2. Of or pertaining to the philosophy taught by Aristotle (who gave
his instructions while walking in the Lyceum at Athens), or to his
followers. "The true peripatetic school." Howell.

PERIPATETIC
Per`i*pa*tet"ic, n.

1. One who walks about; a pedestrian; an itinerant. Tatler.

2. A disciple of Aristotle; an Aristotelian.

PERIPATETICAL
Per`i*pa*tet"ic*al, a.

Defn: Peripatetic. [R.] Hales.

PERIPATETICISM
Per`i*pa*tet"i*cism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. péripatétisme.]

Defn: The doctrines or philosophical system of the peripatetics. See
Peripatetic, n., 2. Lond. Sat. Rev.

PERIPATUS
Pe*rip"a*tus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of lowly organized arthropods, found in South Africa,
Australia, and tropical America. It constitutes the order Malacopoda.

PERIPETALOUS
Per`i*pet"al*ous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Surrounding, or situated about, the petals.

PERIPHERAL
Pe*riph"er*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a periphery; constituting a periphery;
peripheric.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: External; away from the center; as, the peripheral portion of
the nervous system.

PERIPHERIC; PERIPHERICAL
Per`i*pher"ic, Per`i*pher"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. périphérique. See
Periphery.]

Defn: See Peripheral.

PERIPHERY
Pe*riph"er*y, n.; pl. Peripheries. Etym: [L. peripheria, Gr.
périphérie.]

1. The outside or superficial portions of a body; the surface.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: The circumference of a circle, ellipse, or other figure.

PERIPHRASE
Per"i*phrase, n. Etym: [L. periphrasis, Gr. périphrase. See Phrase.]
(Rhet.)

Defn: The use of more words than are necessary to express the idea; a
roundabout, or indirect, way of speaking; circumlocution. "To
describe by enigmatic periphrases." De Quincey.

PERIPHRASE
Per"i*phrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Periphrased; p. pr. & vb. n.
Periphrasing.] Etym: [Cf. F. périphraser.]

Defn: To express by periphrase or circumlocution.

PERIPHRASE
Per"i*phrase, v. i.

Defn: To use circumlocution.

PERIPHRASIS
Pe*riph"ra*sis, n.; pl. Periphrases. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Periphrase.

PERIPHRASTIC; PERIPHRASTICAL
Per`i*phras"tic, Per`i*phras"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. périphrastique.]

Defn: Expressing, or expressed, in more words than are necessary;
characterized by periphrase; circumlocutory. Periphrastic conjugation
(Gram.), a conjugation formed by the use of the simple verb with one
or more auxiliaries.

PERIPHRASTICALLY
Per`i*phras"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: With circumlocution.

PERIPLAST
Per"i*plast, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Periblast.
 -- Per`i*plas"tic, a. Huxley.

PERIPNEUMONIA; PERIPNEUMONY
Per`ip*neu*mo"ni*a, Per`ip*neu"mo*ny, n. Etym: [L. peripneumonia, Gr.
péripneumonie. See Peri-, Pneumonia.] (Med.)

Defn: Pneumonia. (Obsoles.)

PERIPNEUMONIC
Per`ip*neu*mon"ic, a. Etym: [L. peripneumonicus, Gr.
péripneumonique.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to peripneumonia.

PERIPROCT
Per"i*proct, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The region surrounding the anus, particularly of echinoderms.

PERIPROCTITIS
Per`i*proc*ti"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Peri-, and Proctitus.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the tissues about the rectum.

PERIPTERAL
Pe*rip"ter*al, a. Etym: [Gr., fr. (Arch.)

Defn: Having columns on all sides; -- said of an edifice. See
Apteral.

PERIPTEROUS
Pe*rip"ter*ous, a.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: Peripteral.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feathered all around.

PERIPTERY
Pe*rip"ter*y, n. [Gr.  flying round about.]

Defn: The region surrounding a moving body, such as the wing of a
bird or a gliding aëroplane, within which cyclic or vortical motion
of the air occur.

PERIQUE
Pe*rique", n. [Louisiana F.]

Defn: A kind of tobacco with medium-sized leaf, small stem, tough and
gummy fiber, raised in Louisiana, and cured in its own juices, so as
to be very dark colored, usually black. It is marketed in tightly
wrapped rolls called carottes.

PERISARC
Per"i*sarc, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The outer, hardened integument which covers most hydroids.

PERISCIAN
Pe*ris"cian, a. Etym: [Gr. périscien.]

Defn: Having the shadow moving all around.

PERISCIANS; PERISCII
Pe*ris"cians, Pe*ris"ci*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Periscian.]

Defn: Those who live within a polar circle, whose shadows, during
some summer days, will move entirely round, falling toward every
point of the compass.

PERISCOPE
Per"i*scope, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + -scope.]

Defn: A general or comprehensive view. [R.]

PERISCOPIC
Per`i*scop"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. périscopique.]

Defn: Viewing all around, or on all sides. Periscopic spectacles
(Opt.), spectacles having concavo-convex or convexo-concave lenses
with a considerable curvature corresponding to that of the eye, to
increase the distinctness of objects viewed obliquely.

PERISH
Per"ish, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perished; p. pr. & vb. n. Perishing.]
Etym: [OE. perissen, perisshen, F. périr, p.pr. périssant, L. perire
to go or run through, come to nothing, perish; per through + ire to
go. Cf. Issue, and see -ish.]

Defn: To be destroyed; to pass away; to become nothing; to be lost;
to die; hence, to wither; to waste away.
I perish with hunger! Luke xv. 17.
Grow up and perish, as the summer fly. Milton.
The thoughts of a soul that perish in thinking. Locke.

PERISH
Per"ish, v. t.

Defn: To cause perish. [Obs.] Bacon.

PERISHABILITY
Per`ish*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Perishableness.

PERISHABLE
Per"ish*a*ble, a. Etym: [F. périssable.]

Defn: Liable to perish; subject to decay, destruction, or death; as,
perishable goods; our perishable bodies.

PERISHABLENESS
Per"ish*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being perishable; liability to decay or
destruction. Locke.

PERISHABLY
Per"ish*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a perishable degree or manner.

PERISHMENT
Per"ish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. perissement.]

Defn: The act of perishing. [R.] Udall.

PERISOMA
Per`i*so"ma, n.; pl. Perisomata. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Perisome.

PERISOME
Per"i*some, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + -some body.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The entire covering of an invertebrate animal, as echinoderm or
coelenterate; the integument.

PERISPERM
Per"i*sperm, n. Etym: [F. périsperme. See Peri-, and Sperm.] (Bot.)

Defn: The albumen of a seed, especially that portion which is formed
outside of the embryo sac.
 -- Per`i*sper"mic, a.

PERISPHERIC; PERISPHERICAL
Per`i*spher"ic, Per`i*spher"ic*al, a.

Defn: Exactly spherical; globular.

PERISPOMENON
Per`i*spom"e*non, n.; pl. Perispomena. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Gr.
Gram.)

Defn: A word which has the circumflex accent on the last syllable.
Goodwin.

PERISPORE
Per"i*spore, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The outer covering of a spore.

PERISSAD
Per"is*sad, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Odd; not even; -- said of elementary substances and of radicals
whose valence is not divisible by two without a remainder. Contrasted
with artiad.

PERISSE
Per"isse, v. i.

Defn: To perish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PERISSODACTYL
Per`is*so*dac"tyl, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Perissodactyla.

PERISSODACTYLA
Per`is*so*dac"ty*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of ungulate mammals, including those that have an
odd number of toes, as the horse, tapir, and rhinoceros; -- opposed
to Artiodactyla.

PERISSOLOGICAL
Per`is*so*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. périssologique.]

Defn: Redundant or excessive in words. [R.]

PERISSOLOGY
Per`is*sol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. perissologia, Gr.

Defn: Superfluity of words. [R.] G. Campbell.

PERISTALSIS
Per`i*stal"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Peristaltic.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Peristaltic contraction or action.

PERISTALTIC
Per`i*stal"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. péristaltique.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Applied to the peculiar wormlike wave motion of the intestines
and other similar structures, produced by the successive contraction
of the muscular fibers of their walls, forcing their contents
onwards; as, peristaltic movement.
 -- Per`i*stal"tic*al*ly, adv.

PERISTERIA
Per`is*te"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Peristerion.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of orchidaceous plants. See Dove plant.

PERISTERION
Per`is*te"ri*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. peristereon.] (Bot.)

Defn: The herb vervain (Verbena officinalis).

PERISTERITE
Pe*ris"ter*ite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of albite, whitish and slightly iridescent like a
pigeon's neck.

PERISTEROMORPHOUS
Pe*ris`ter*o*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Gr. -morphous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the pigeons or Columbæ.

PERISTEROPODOUS
Pe*ris`ter*op"o*dous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having pigeonlike feet; -- said of those gallinaceous birds
that rest on all four toes, as the curassows and megapods.

PERISTOLE
Pe*ris"to*le, n. Etym: [NL.: cf. F. péristole. See Peristaltic.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: Peristaltic action, especially of the intestines.

PERISTOMA
Pe*ris"to*ma, n.; pl. Peristomata. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Same as Peristome.

PERISTOME
Per"i*stome, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The fringe of teeth around the orifice of the capsule of
mosses. It consists of 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 teeth, and may be either
single or double.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The lip, or edge of the aperture, of a spiral shell.
(b) The membrane surrounding the mouth of an invertebrate animal.

PERISTOMIAL
Per`i*sto"mi*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a peristome.

PERISTOMIUM
Per`i*sto"mi*um, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Same as Peristome.

PERISTREPHIC
Per`i*streph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Turning around; rotatory; revolving; as, a peristrephic
painting (of a panorama).

PERISTYLE
Per"i*style, n. Etym: [L. peristylum, Gr. péristyle.] (Arch.)

Defn: A range of columns with their entablature, etc.; specifically,
a complete system of columns, whether on all sides of a court, or
surrounding a building, such as the cella of a temple. Used in the
former sense, it gives name to the larger and inner court of a Roman
dwelling, the peristyle. See Colonnade.

PERISYSTOLE
Per`i*sys"to*le, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + systole: cf. F.
périsystole.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The interval between the diastole and systole of the heart. It
is perceptible only in the dying.

PERITE
Pe*rite", a. Etym: [L. peritus.]

Defn: Skilled. [Obs.]

PERITHECIUM
Per`i*the"ci*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: An organ in certain fungi and lichens, surrounding and
enveloping the masses of fructification. Henslow.

PERITOMOUS
Pe*rit"o*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. Peri-, and Tome.] (Min.)

Defn: Cleaving in more directions than one, parallel to the axis.

PERITONAEUM
Per`i*to*næ"um, n. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Peritoneum.

PERITONEAL
Per`i*to*ne"al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. péritonéal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the peritoneum.

PERITONEUM
Per`i*to*ne"um, n. Etym: [L. peritoneum, peritonaeum, Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The smooth serous membrane which lines the cavity of the
abdomen, or the whole body cavity when there is no diaphragm, and,
turning back, surrounds the viscera, forming a closed, or nearly
closed, sac. [Written also peritonæum.]

PERITONITIS
Per`i*to*ni"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Peritoneum, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the peritoneum.

PERITRACHEAL
Per`i*tra"che*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Surrounding the tracheæ.

PERITREME
Per"i*treme, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) That part of the integument of an insect which surrounds the
spiracles.
(b) The edge of the aperture of a univalve shell.

PERITRICHA
Pe*rit"ri*cha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of ciliated Infusoria having a circle of cilia
around the oral disk and sometimes another around the body. It
includes the vorticellas. See Vorticella.

PERITROCHIUM
Per`i*tro"chi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Mech.)

Defn: The wheel which, together with the axle, forms the axis in
peritrochio, which see under Axis.

PERITROPAL
Per*it"ro*pal, a. Etym: [Gr. péritrope.]

1. Rotatory; circuitous. [R.]

2. Having the axis of the seed perpendicular to the axis of the
pericarp to which it is attached.

PERITROPOUS
Per*it"ro*pous, a.

Defn: Peritropal.

PERITYPHLITIS
Per`i*typh*li"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Peri-, and Typhlitis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the connective tissue about the cæcum.

PERIUTERINE
Per`i*u"ter*ine, a. (Med.)

Defn: Surrounding the uterus.

PERIVASCULAR
Per`i*vas"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Around the blood vessels; as, perivascular lymphatics.

PERIVERTEBRAL
Per`i*ver"te*bral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Surrounding the vertebræ.

PERIVISCERAL
Per`i*vis"cer*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Around the viscera; as, the perivisceral cavity.

PERIVITELLINE
Per`i*vi*tel"line, a. Etym: [Pref. peri- + vitelline.] (Biol.)

Defn: Situated around the vitellus, or between the vitellus and zona
pellucida of an ovum.

PERIWIG
Per"i*wig, n. Etym: [OE. perrwige, perwicke, corrupt. fr. F.
perruque; cf. OD. peruyk, from French. See Peruke, and cf. Wig.]

Defn: A headdress of false hair, usually covering the whole head, and
representing the natural hair; a wig. Shak.

PERIWIG
Per"i*wig, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perwigged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Perwigging.]

Defn: To dress with a periwig, or with false hair. Swift.

PERIWINKLE
Per"i*win`kle, n. Etym: [From AS. pinewincla a shellfish, in which
pine- is fr. L. pina, pinna, a kind of mussel, akin to Gr. Winkle.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small marine gastropod shell of the genus Littorina. The
common European species (Littorina littorea), in Europe extensively
used as food, has recently become naturalized abundantly on the
American coast. See Littorina.

Note: In America the name is often applied to several large
univalves, as Fulgur carica, and F. canaliculata.

PERIWINKLE
Per"i*win`kle, n. Etym: [OE. pervenke, AS. pervince, fr. L.
pervinca.] (Bot.)

Defn: A trailing herb of the genus Vinca.

Note: The common perwinkle (Vinca minor) has opposite evergreen
leaves and solitary blue or white flowers in their axils. In America
it is often miscalled myrtle. See under Myrtle.

PERJENET
Per"jen*et, n. Etym: [Cf. Pear, and Jenneting.]

Defn: A kind of pear. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PERJURE
Per"jure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perjured; p. pr. & vb. n. Perjuring.]
Etym: [F. parjurer, L. perjurare, perjerare; per through, over +
jurare to swear. See Jury.]

1. To cause to violate an oath or a vow; to cause to make oath
knowingly to what is untrue; to make guilty of perjury; to forswear;
to corrupt; -- often used reflexively; as, he perjured himself.
Want will perjure The ne'er-touched vestal. Shak.

2. To make a false oath to; to deceive by oaths and protestations.
[Obs.]
And with a virgin innocence did pray For me, that perjured her. J.
Fletcher.

Syn.
 -- To Perjure, Forswear. These words have been used interchangeably;
but there is a tendency to restrict perjure to that species of
forswearing which constitutes the crime of perjury at law, namely,
the willful violation of an oath administered by a magistrate or
according to law.

PERJURE
Per"jure, n. Etym: [L. perjurus: cf. OF. parjur, F. parjure.]

Defn: A perjured person. [Obs.] Shak.

PERJURED
Per"jured, a.

Defn: Guilty of perjury; having sworn falsely; forsworn. Shak.
"Perjured persons." 1 Tim. i. 10. "Their perjured oath." Spenser.

PERJURER
Per"jur*er, n.

Defn: One who is guilty of perjury; one who perjures or forswears, in
any sense.

PERJURIOUS; PERJUROUS
Per*ju"ri*ous, Per"ju*rous, a. Etym: [L. perjuriosus, perjurus.]

Defn: Guilty of perjury; containing perjury. [Obs.] Quarles. B.
Johnson.

PERJURY
Per"ju*ry, n.; pl. Perjuries. Etym: [L. perjurium. See Perjure, v.]

1. False swearing.

2. (Law)

Defn: At common law, a willfully false statement in a fact material
to the issue, made by a witness under oath in a competent judicial
proceeding. By statute the penalties of perjury are imposed on the
making of willfully false affirmations.

Note: If a man swear falsely in nonjudicial affidavits, it is made
perjury by statute in some jurisdictions in the United States.

PERK
Perk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perked; p. pr. & vb. n. Perking.] Etym:
[Cf. W. percu to trim, to make smart.]

Defn: To make trim or smart; to straighten up; to erect; to make a
jaunty or saucy display of; as, to perk the ears; to perk up one's
head. Cowper. Sherburne.

PERK
Perk, v. i.

Defn: To exalt one's self; to bear one's self loftily. "To perk over
them." Barrow. To perk it, to carry one's self proudly or saucily.
Pope.

PERK
Perk, a.

Defn: Smart; trim; spruce; jaunty; vain. "Perk as a peacock."
Spenser.

PERK
Perk, v. i.

Defn: To peer; to look inquisitively. Dickens.

PERKIN
Per"kin, n.

Defn: A kind of weak perry.

PERKINISM
Per"kin*ism, n. (Med.)

Defn: A remedial treatment, by drawing the pointed extremities of two
rods, each of a different metal, over the affected part;
tractoration, -- first employed by Dr. Elisha Perkins of Norwich,
Conn. See Metallotherapy.

PERKY
Perk"y, a.

Defn: Perk; pert; jaunty; trim.
There amid perky larches and pines. Tennyson.

PERLACEOUS
Per*la"ceous, a. Etym: [See Pearl.]

Defn: Pearly; resembling pearl.

PERLID
Per"lid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any insect of the genus Perla, or family Perlidæ. See Stone
fly, under Stone.

PERLITE
Per"lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Pearlite.

PERLITIC
Per*lit"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Relating to or resembling perlite, or pearlstone; as, the
perlitic structure of certain rocks. See Pearlite.

PERLOUS
Per"lous, a.

Defn: Perilous. [Obs.] Spenser.

PERLUSTRATION
Per`lus*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. perlustrare to wander all through, to
survey. See 3d Luster.]

Defn: The act of viewing all over. [Archaic] Howell.

PERMANABLE
Per"ma*na*ble, a.

Defn: Permanent; durable. [Obs.] Lydgate.

PERMANENCE; PERMANENCY
Per"ma*nence, Per"ma*nen*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. permanence.]

Defn: The quality or state of being permanent; continuance in the
same state or place; duration; fixedness; as, the permanence of
institutions; the permanence of nature.

PERMANENT
Per"ma*nent, a. Etym: [L. permanens, -entis, p.pr. of permanere to
stay or remain to the end, to last; per + manere to remain: cf. F.
permanent. See Per-, and Mansion.]

Defn: Continuing in the same state, or without any change that
destroys form or character; remaining unaltered or unremoved;
abiding; durable; fixed; stable; lasting; as, a permanent impression.
Eternity stands permanent and fixed. Dryden.
Permanent gases (Chem. & Physics), hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and
carbon monoxide; -- also called incondensible or incoercible gases,
before their liquefaction in 1877.
 -- Permanent way, the roadbed and superstructure of a finished
railway; -- so called in distinction from the contractor's temporary
way.
 -- Permanent white (Chem.), barium sulphate (heavy spar), used as a
white pigment or paint, in distinction from white lead, which
tarnishes and darkens from the formation of the sulphide.

Syn.
 -- Lasting; durable; constant. See Lasting.

PERMANENTLY
Per"ma*nent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a permanent manner.

PERMANGANATE
Per*man"ga*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of permanganic acid. Potassium permanganate. (Chem.) See
Potassium permanganate, under Potassium.

PERMANGANIC
Per`man*gan"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, one of the higher acids of
manganese, HMnO4, which forms salts called permanganates.

PERMANSION
Per*man"sion, n. Etym: [L. permansio. See Permanent.]

Defn: Continuance. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PERMEABILITY
Per`me*a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perméabilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being permeable. Magnetic permeability
(Physics), the specific capacity of a body for magnetic induction, or
its conducting power for lines of magnetic force. Sir W. Thomson.

PERMEABLE
Per"me*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. permeabilis: cf. F. perméable. See
Permeate.]

Defn: Capable of being permeated, or passed through; yielding
passage; passable; penetrable; -- used especially of substances which
allow the passage of fluids; as, wood is permeable to oil; glass is
permeable to light. I. Taylor.

PERMEABLY
Per"me*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a permeable manner.

PERMEANCE
Per"me*ance, n. [See Permeant.]

Defn: Permeation; specif. (Magnetism),

Defn: the reciprocal of reluctance.

PERMEANT
Per"me*ant, a. Etym: [L. permeans, p.pr.]

Defn: Passing through; permeating. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

PERMEATE
Per"me*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Permeated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Permeating.] Etym: [L. permeatus, p.p. of permeare to permeate; per +
meare to go, pass.]

1. To pass through the pores or interstices of; to penetrate and pass
through without causing rupture or displacement; -- applied
especially to fluids which pass through substances of loose texture;
as, water permeates sand. Woodward.

2. To enter and spread through; to pervade.
God was conceived to be diffused throughout the whole world, to
permeate and pervade all things. Cudworth.

PERMEATION
Per`me*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of permeating, passing through, or spreading
throughout, the pores or interstices of any substance.
Here is not a mere involution only, but a spiritual permeation and
inexistence. Bp. Hall.

PERMIAN
Per"mi*an, a. Etym: [From the ancient kingdom of Permia, where the
Permian formation exists.] (Geol.)

Defn: Belonging or relating to the period, and also to the formation,
next following the Carboniferous, and regarded as closing the
Carboniferous age and Paleozoic era.
 -- n.

Defn: The Permian period. See Chart of Geology.

PERMIANS
Per"mi*ans, n. pl.; sing. Permian (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe belonging to the Finnic race, and inhabiting a portion
of Russia.

PERMISCIBLE
Per*mis"ci*ble, a. Etym: [L. permiscere to mingle; per + miscere to
mix.]

Defn: Capable of being mixed.

PERMISS
Per*miss", n. Etym: [See Permit.]

Defn: A permitted choice; a rhetorical figure in which a thing is
committed to the decision of one's opponent. [Obs.] Milton.

PERMISSIBILITY
Per*mis`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being permissible; permissibleness;
allowableness.

PERMISSIBLE
Per*mis"si*ble, a.

Defn: That may be permitted; allowable; admissible.
 -- Per*mis"si*ble*ness, n.
 -- Per*mis"si*bly, adv.

PERMISSION
Per*mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. permissio: cf. F. permission. See Permit.]

Defn: The act of permitting or allowing; formal consent;
authorization; leave; license or liberty granted.
High permission of all-ruling Heaven. Milton.
You have given me your permission for this address. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Leave; liberty; license.
 -- Leave, Permission. Leave implies that the recipient may decide
whether to use the license granted or not. Permission is the absence
on the part of another of anything preventive, and in general, at
least by implication, signifies approval.

PERMISSIVE
Per*mis"sive, a.

1. Permitting; granting leave or liberty. "By his permissive will."
Milton.

2. Permitted; tolerated; suffered. Milton.

PERMISSIVELY
Per*mis"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a permissive manner.

PERMISTION
Per*mis"tion, n. Etym: [L. permistio, permixtio, fr. permiscere,
permistum, and permixtum. See Permiscible.]

Defn: The act of mixing; the state of being mingled; mixture.
[Written also permixtion.]

PERMIT
Per*mit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Permitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Permitting.]
Etym: [L. permittere, permissum, to let through, to allow, permit;
per + mittere to let go, send. See Per-, and Mission.]

1. To consent to; to allow or suffer to be done; to tolerate; to put
up with.
What things God doth neither command nor forbid . . . he permitteth
with approbation either to be done or left undone. Hooker.

2. To grant (one) express license or liberty to do an act; to
authorize; to give leave; -- followed by an infinitive.
Thou art permitted to speak for thyself. Acis xxvi. 1.

3. To give over; to resign; to leave; to commit.
Let us not aggravate our sorrows, But to the gods permit the event of
things. Addison.

Syn.
 -- To allow; let; grant; admit; suffer; tolerate; endure; consent
to.
 -- To Allow, Permit, Suffer, Tolerate. To allow is more positive,
denoting (at least originally and etymologically) a decided assent,
either directly or by implication. To permit is more negative, and
imports only acquiescence or an abstinence from prevention. The
distinction, however, is often disregarded by good writers. To suffer
has a stronger passive or negative sense than to permit, sometimes
implying against the will, sometimes mere indifference. To tolerate
is to endure what is contrary to will or desire. To suffer and to
tolerate are sometimes used without discrimination.

PERMIT
Per*mit", v. i.

Defn: To grant permission; to allow.

PERMIT
Per"mit, n.

Defn: Warrant; license; leave; permission; specifically, a written
license or permission given to a person or persons having authority;
as, a permit to land goods subject to duty.

PERMITTANCE
Per*mit"tance, n.

Defn: The act of permitting; allowance; permission; leave. Milton.

PERMITTEE
Per`mit*tee", n.

Defn: One to whom a permission or permit is given.

PERMITTER
Per*mit"ter, n.

Defn: One who permits.
A permitter, or not a hinderer, of sin. J. Edwards.

PERMIX
Per*mix", v. t.

Defn: To mix; to mingle. [Obs.]

PERMIXTION
Per*mix"tion, n.

Defn: See Permission.

PERMULATOR
Per"mu*la`tor, n. (Elec.)

Defn: A special form of rotary converter with stationary commutator
and rotating brushes, in which the exciting field is induced by the
alternating current in a short-circuited magnetic core instead of
being produced by an external magnet.

PERMUTABLE
Per*mut"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. permutable.]

Defn: Capable of being permuted; exchangeable.
 -- Per*mut"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Per*mut"a*bly, adv.

PERMUTATION
Per`mu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. permutatio: cf. F. permutation. See
Permute.]

1. The act of permuting; exchange of the thing for another; mutual
transference; interchange.
The violent convulsions and permutations that have been made in
property. Burke.

2. (Math.)
(a) The arrangement of any determinate number of things, as units,
objects, letters, etc., in all possible orders, one after the other;
-- called also alternation. Cf. Combination, n., 4.
(b) Any one of such possible arrangements.

3. (Law)

Defn: Barter; exchange. Permutation lock, a lock in which the parts
can be transposed or shifted, so as to require different arrangements
of the tumblers on different occasions of unlocking.

PERMUTE
Per*mute", v. t. Etym: [L. permutare, permutatum; per + mutare to
change: cf. F. permuter.]

1. To interchange; to transfer reciprocally.

2. To exchange; to barter; to traffic. [Obs.]
Bought, trucked, permuted, or given. Hakluyt.

PERMUTER
Per*mut"er, n.

Defn: One who permutes.

PERN
Pern, v. t. Etym: [See Pernancy.]

Defn: To take profit of; to make profitable. [Obs.] Sylvester.

PERN
Pern, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The honey buzzard.

PERNANCY
Per"nan*cy, n. Etym: [OF. prenance, fr. prendre, prenre, penre, to
take, L. prendere, prehendere.] (Law)

Defn: A taking or reception, as the receiving of rents or tithes in
kind, the receiving of profits. Blackstone.

PERNEL
Per"nel, n.

Defn: See Pimpernel. [Obs.]

PERNICION
Per*ni"cion, n. Etym: [See 2d Pernicious.]

Defn: Destruction; perdition. [Obs.] hudibras.

PERNICIOUS
Per*ni"cious, a. Etym: [L. pernix, -icis.]

Defn: Quick; swift (to burn). [R.] Milton.

PERNICIOUS
Per*ni"cious, a. Etym: [L. perniciosus, from pernicies destruction,
from pernecare to kill or slay outright; per + necare to kill, slay:
cf. F. pernicieux. Cf. Nuisance, Necromancy.]

Defn: Having the quality of injuring or killing; destructive; very
mischievous; baleful; malicious; wicked.
Let this pernicious hour Stand aye accursed in the calendar. Shak.
Pernicious to his health. Prescott.

Syn.
 -- Destructive; ruinous; deadly; noxious; injurious; baneful;
deleterious; hurtful; mischievous.
 -- Per*ni"cious*ly, adv., -- Per*ni"cious*ness, n.

PERNICITY
Per*nic"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. pernicitas. See 1st Pernicious.]

Defn: Swiftness; celerity. [R.] Ray.

PERNICKETY PERNICKETTY
{ Per*nick"et*y Per*nick"et*ty }, a.

Defn: Finical or fussy; full of petty details. [Colloq.]

PERNIO
Per"ni*o, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: A chilblain.

PERNOCTALIAN
Per`noc*ta"li*an, n.

Defn: One who watches or keeps awake all night.

PERNOCTATION
Per`noc*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. pernoctatio, fr. pernoctare to stay all
night; per + nox, noctis, night.]

Defn: The act or state of passing the whole night; a remaining all
night. "Pernoctation in prayer." Jer. Taylor.

PERNOR
Per"nor, n. Etym: [See Pern, v.] (Law)

Defn: One who receives the profits, as of an estate.

PERNOT FURNACE
Per"not fur"nace. Etym: [So called from Charles Pernot, its
inventor.]

Defn: A reverberatory furnace with a circular revolving hearth, --
used in making steel.

PERNYI MOTH
Per"ny*i moth". (Zoöl.)

Defn: A silk-producing moth (Attacus Pernyi) which feeds upon the
oak. It has been introduced into Europe and America from China.

PEROFSKITE
Per*of"skite, n. Etym: [From von Perovski, of St.Petersburg.] (Min.)

Defn: A titanate of lime occurring in octahedral or cubic crystals.
[Written also Perovskite.]

PEROGUE
Pe*rogue, n.

Defn: See Pirogue.

PERONATE
Per"o*nate, a. Etym: [L. peronatus roughpero, -onis, a kind of rough
boot.] (Bot.)

Defn: A term applied to the stipes or stalks of certain fungi which
are covered with a woolly substance which at length becomes powdery.
Henslow.

PERONEAL
Per`o*ne"al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the fibula; in the region of the fibula.

PERORATE
Per"o*rate, v. i. Etym: [See Peroration.]

Defn: To make a peroration; to harangue. [Colloq.]

PERORATION
Per`o*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. peroratio, fr. perorate, peroratum, to
speak from beginning to end; per + orate to speak. See Per-, and
Oration.] (Rhet.)

Defn: The concluding part of an oration; especially, a final summing
up and enforcement of an argument. Burke.

PEROXIDATION
Per*ox`i*da"tion, n.

Defn: Act, process, or result of peroxidizing; oxidation to a
peroxide.

PEROXIDE
Per*ox"ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An oxide containing more oxygen than some other oxide of the
same element. Formerly peroxides were regarded as the highest oxides.
Cf. Per-, 2.

PEROXIDIZE
Per*ox"i*dize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peroxidized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Peroxidizing.] (Chem.)

Defn: To oxidize to the utmost degree, so as to form a peroxide.

PERPEND
Per*pend", v. t. Etym: [L. perpendere, perpensum; per + pendere to
weight.]

Defn: To weight carefully in the mind. [R.] "Perpend my words." Shak.

PERPEND
Per*pend", v. i.

Defn: To attend; to be attentive. [R.] Shak.

PERPENDER
Per*pend"er, n. Etym: [F. parpaing, pierre parpaigne; of uncertain
origin.] (Masonry)

Defn: A large stone reaching through a wall so as to appear on both
sides of it, and acting as a binder; -- called also perbend, perpend
stone, and perpent stone.

PERPENDICLE
Per*pen"di*cle, n. Etym: [L. perpendiculum; per + pendere to hang:
cf. F. perpendicule.]

Defn: Something hanging straight down; a plumb line. [Obs.]

PERPENDICULAR
Per`pen*dic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. perpendicularis, perpendicularius:
cf. F. perpendiculaire. See Perpendicle, Pension.]

1. Exactly upright or vertical; pointing to the zenith; at right
angles to the plane of the horizon; extending in a right line from
any point toward the center of the earth.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: At right angles to a given line or surface; as, the line ad is
perpendicular to the line bc. Perpendicular style (Arch.), a name
given to the latest variety of English Gothic architecture, which
prevailed from the close of the 14th century to the early part of the
16th; -- probably so called from the vertical style of its window
mullions.

PERPENDICULAR
Per`pen*dic"u*lar, n.

1. A line at right angles to the plane of the horizon; a vertical
line or direction.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A line or plane falling at right angles on another line or
surface, or making equal angles with it on each side.

PERPENDICULARITY
Per`pen*dic`u*lar"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perpendicularité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being perpendicular.

PERPENDICULARLY
Per`pen*dic"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a perpendicular manner; vertically.

PERPEND STONE
Per"pend stone`.

Defn: See Perpender.

PERPENSION
Per*pen"sion, n. Etym: [See Perpend.]

Defn: Careful consideration; pondering. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PERPENSITY
Per*pen"si*ty, n.

Defn: Perpension. [Obs.]

PERPENT STONE
Per"pent stone`.

Defn: See Perpender.

PERPESSION
Per*pes"sion, n. Etym: [L. perpessio, fr. perpeti, perpessus, to bear
steadfastly; per + pati to bear.]

Defn: Suffering; endurance. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

PERPETRABLE
Per"pe*tra"ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being perpetrated. R. North.

PERPETRATE
Per"pe*trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perpetrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Perpetrating.] Etym: [L. perpetratus, p.p. of perpetrare to effect,
perpetrare; per + patrare to perform.]

Defn: To do or perform; to carry through; to execute, commonly in a
bad sense; to commit (as a crime, an offense); to be guilty of; as,
to perpetrate a foul deed.
What the worst perpetrate, or best endure. Young.

PERPETRATION
Per`pe*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. perpetratio: cf. F. perpétration.]

1. The act of perpetrating; a doing; -- commonly used of doing
something wrong, as a crime.

2. The thing perpetrated; an evil action.

PERPETRATOR
Per"pe*tra`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who perpetrates; esp., one who commits an offense or crime.

PERPETUABLE
Per*pet"u*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being perpetuated or continued.
Varieties are perpetuable, like species. Gray.

PERPETUAL
Per*pet"u*al, a. Etym: [OE. perpetuel, F. perpétuel, fr. L.
perpetualis, fr. perpetuus continuing throughout, continuous, fr.
perpes, -etis, lasting throughout.]

Defn: Neverceasing; continuing forever or for an unlimited time;
unfailing; everlasting; continuous.
Unto the kingdom of perpetual night. Shak.
Perpetual feast of nectared sweets. Milton.
Circle of perpetual apparition, or occultation. See under Circle.
 -- Perpetual calendar, a calendar so devised that it may be adjusted
for any month or year.
 -- Perpetual curacy (Ch. of Eng.), a curacy in which all the tithes
are appropriated, and no vicarage is endowed. Blackstone.
 -- Perpetual motion. See under Motion.
 -- Perpetual screw. See Endless screw, under Screw.

Syn.
 -- Continual; unceasing; endless; everlasting; incessant; constant;
eternal. See Constant.

PERPETUAL CALENDAR
Per*pet"u*al cal"en*dar.

Defn: A calendar that can be used perpetually or over a wide range of
years. That of Capt. Herschel covers, as given below, dates from 1750
to 1961 only, but is capable of indefinite extension.

PERPETUAL CALENDAR Day of the monthJan. Oct.Apr. July Jan.Sept.
Dec.JuneFeb. Mar. Nov.Aug. Feb.MayDay of the Week 1815 2229 2916 2330
31017 2431 41118 25 51219 26 61320 27 @71421 28 To find the day of
the week corresponding to any date, find the small letter directly
under the month and opposite the day of the month; the same small
letter also appears in the vertical column that contains the number
of the year, and if the line in which it stands is followed out to
the right, the day of the week is found. Thus, the small letter under
March and opposite 18 is b; b appears again directly over 1904, and
at its right is the word Friday. March 18 fell on Friday in 1904, and
also in 1898, 1892, etc.  The calendar has other uses, as for finding
the months which begin on Sunday in  a particular year, etc.
|1753  |1754   |1755   |1750   |1751   |1757   |*1752 |1759  |1765
|*1760  |1761   |*1756  |1763 |1758

PERPETUALLY
Per*pet"u*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a perpetual manner; constantly; continually.
The Bible and Common Prayer Book in the vulgar tongue, being
perpetually read in churches, have proved a kind of standard for
language. Swift.

PERPETUALTY
Per*pet"u*al*ty, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being perpetual. [Obs.] Testament of
Love.

PERPETUANCE
Per*pet"u*ance, n.

Defn: Perpetuity. [Obs.]

PERPETUATE
Per*pet"u*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perpetuated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Perpetuating.] Etym: [L. perpetuatus, p.p. of perpetuare to
perpetuate. See Perpetual.]

Defn: To make perpetual; to cause to endure, or to be continued,
indefinitely; to preserve from extinction or oblivion; to eternize.
Addison. Burke.

PERPETUATE
Per*pet"u*ate, a. Etym: [L. perpetuatus, p.p.]

Defn: Made perpetual; perpetuated. [R.] Southey.

PERPETUATION
Per*pet`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perpétuation.]

Defn: The act of making perpetual, or of preserving from extinction
through an endless existence, or for an indefinite period of time;
continuance. Sir T. Browne.

PERPETUITY
Per`pe*tu"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. perpetuitas: cf. F. perpétuité.]

1. The quality or state of being perpetual; as, the perpetuity of
laws. Bacon.
A path to perpetuity of fame. Byron.
The perpetuity of single emotion is insanity. I. Taylor.

2. Something that is perpetual. South.

3. Endless time. "And yet we should, for perpetuity, go hence in
debt." Shak.

4. (Annuities)
(a) The number of years in which the simple interest of any sum
becomes equal to the principal.
(b) The number of years' purchase to be given for an annuity to
continue forever.
(c) A perpetual annuity.

5. (Law)
(a) Duration without limitations as to time.
(b) The quality or condition of an estate by which it becomes
inalienable, either perpetually or for a very long period; also, the
estate itself so modified or perpetuated.

PERPLEX
Per*plex", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perplexed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Perplexing.] Etym: [L. perplexari. See Perplex, a.]

1. To involve; to entangle; to make intricate or complicated, and
difficult to be unraveled or understood; as, to perplex one with
doubts.
No artful wildness to perplex the scene. Pope.
What was thought obscure, perplexed, and too hard for our weak parts,
will lie open to the understanding in a fair view. Locke.

2. To embarrass; to puzzle; to distract; to bewilder; to confuse; to
trouble with ambiguity, suspense, or anxiety. "Perplexd beyond self-
explication." Shak.
We are perplexed, but not in despair. 2 Cor. iv. 8.
We can distinguish no general truths, or at least shall be apt to
perplex the mind. Locke.

3. To plague; to vex; to tormen. Glanvill.

Syn.
 -- To entangle; involve; complicate; embarrass; puzzle; bewilder;
confuse; distract. See Embarrass.

PERPLEX
Per*plex", a. Etym: [L. perplexus entangled, intricate; per +
plectere, plexum, to plait, braid: cf. F. perplexe. See Per-, and
Plait.]

Defn: Intricate; difficult. [Obs.] Glanvill.

PERPLEXED
Per*plexed", a.

Defn: Entangled, involved, or confused; hence, embarrassd; puzzled;
doubtful; anxious.
 -- Per*plex"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Per*plex"ed*ness, n.

PERPLEXING
Per*plex"ing, a.

Defn: Embarrassing; puzzling; troublesome. "Perplexing thoughts."
Milton.

PERPLEXITY
Per*plex"i*ty, n.; pl. Perplexities. Etym: [L. perplexitas: cf. F.
perplexité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being perplexed or puzzled;
complication; intricacy; entanglement; distraction of mind through
doubt or difficulty; embarrassment; bewilderment; doubt.
By their own perplexities involved, They ravel more. Milton.

PERPLEXIVENESS
Per*plex"ive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being perplexing; tendency to perplex. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.

PERPLEXLY
Per*plex"ly, adv.

Defn: Perplexedly. [Obs.] Milton.

PERPOTATION
Per`po*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. perpotatio, fr. perpotate. See Per-, and
Potation.]

Defn: The act of drinking excessively; a drinking bout. [Obs.]

PERQUISITE
Per"qui*site, n. Etym: [L. perquisitum, fr. perquisitus, p.p. of
perquirere to ask for diligently; per + quaerere to seek. See Per-,
and Quest.]

1. Something gained from a place or employment over and above the
ordinary salary or fixed wages for services rendered; especially, a
fee allowed by law to an officer for a specific service.
The pillage of a place taken by storm was regarded as the perquisite
of the soldiers. Prescott.
The best perquisites of a place are the advantages it gaves a man of
doing good. Addison.

2. pl. (Law)

Defn: Things gotten by a man's own industry, or purchased with his
own money, as opposed to things which come to him by descent. Mozley
& W.

PERQUISITED
Per"qui*sit*ed, a.

Defn: Supplied with perquisites. [Obs.] "Perquisited varlets frequent
stand." Savage.

PERQUISITION
Per`qui*si"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perquisition.]

Defn: A thorough inquiry of search. [R.] Berkeley.

PERRADIAL
Per*ra"di*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated around the radii, or radial tubes, of a radiate.

PERRIE
Per"rie, n. Etym: [F. pierreries, pl., fr. pierre stone, L. petra.]

Defn: Precious stones; jewels. [Obs.] [Written also perre, perrye,
etc.] Chaucer.

PERRIER
Per"ri*er, n. Etym: [OF. perriere, perrier, F. perrier. Cf.
Pederero.] (Mil.)

Defn: A short mortar used formerly for throwing stone shot. Hakluyt.

PERRON
Per"ron, n. [F.] (Arch.)

Defn: An out-of-door flight of steps, as in a garden, leading to a
terrace or to an upper story; -- usually applied to mediævel or later
structures of some architectural pretensions.

PERROQUET
Per`ro*quet", n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Paroquet, Parakeet.

PERRUQUE
Per`ruque", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Peruke.

PERRUQUIER
Per*ru"qui*er, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A marker of perukes or wigs.

PERRY
Per"ry, n. Etym: [OF. peré, F. poiré, fr. poire a pear, L. pirum. See
Pear the fruit.]

Defn: A fermented liquor made from pears; pear cider. Mortimer.

PERRY
Per"ry, n.

Defn: A suddent squall. See Pirry. [Obs.]

PERS
Pers, a. Etym: [F. pers.]

Defn: Light blue; grayish blue; -- a term applied to different shades
at different periods.
 -- n.

Defn: A cloth of sky-blue color. [Obs.] "A long surcoat of pers."
Chaucer.

PERSALT
Per"salt`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A term formerly given to the salts supposed to be formed
respectively by neutralizing acids with certain peroxides. [Obsoles.]

PERSANT
Per"sant, a. Etym: [F. perçant, p.pr. of percer to pierce.]

Defn: Piercing. [Obs.] Spenser.

PERSCRUTATION
Per`scru*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. perscrutatio, fr. perscrutari to
search through.]

Defn: A thorough searching; a minute inquiry or scrutiny. Carlyle

PERSECOT
Per"se*cot, n.

Defn: See Persicot.

PERSECUTE
Per"se*cute, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Persecuted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Persecuting.] Etym: [F. persécueter, L. persequi, persecutus, to
pursue, prosecute; per + sequi to follow, pursue. See Per-, and
Second.]

1. To pursue in a manner to injure, grieve, or afflict; to beset with
cruelty or malignity; to harass; especially, to afflict, harass,
punish, or put to death, for adherence to a particular religious
creed or mode of worship.
Do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully
use you, and persecute you. Matt. v. 44.

2. To harass with importunity; to pursue with persistent
solicitations; to annoy. Johnson.

Syn.
 -- To oppress; harass; distress; worry; annoy.

PERSECUTION
Per`se*cu"tion, n. Etym: [F. persécution, L. persecutio.]

1. The act or practice of persecuting; especially, the infliction of
loss, pain, or death for adherence to a particular creed or mode of
worship.
Persecution produces no sincere conviction. Paley.

2. The state or condition of being persecuted. Locke.

3. A carrying on; prosecution. [Obs.]

PERSECUTOR
Per"se*cu`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. persécuteur.]

Defn: One who persecutes, or harasses. Shak.

PERSECUTRIX
Per"se*cu`trix, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A woman who persecutes.

PERSEID
Per"se*id, n. (Astron.)

Defn: One of a group of shooting stars which appear yearly about the
10th of August, and cross the heavens in paths apparently radiating
from the constellation Perseus. They are beleived to be fragments
once connected with a comet visible in 1862.

PERSEUS
Per"se*us, n. Etym: [L., from Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A Grecian legendary hero, son of Jupiter and Danaë, who slew
the Gorgon Medusa.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A consellation of the northern hemisphere, near Taurus and
Cassiopea. It contains a star cluster visible to the naked eye as a
nebula.

PERSEVER
Per*sev"er, v. i.

Defn: To persevere. [Obs.]

PERSEVERANCE
Per`se*ver"ance, n. Etym: [F. persévérance, L. perseverantia.]

1. The act of persevering; persistence in anything undertaken;
continued pursuit or prosecution of any business, or enterprise
begun. "The king-becoming graces . . . perseverance, mercy,
lowliness." Shak.
Whose constant perseverance overcame Whate'er his cruel malice could
invent. Milton.

2. Discrimination. [Obs.] Sir J. Harrington.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: Continuance in a state of grace until it is succeeded by a
state of glory; sometimes called final perseverance, and the
perseverance of the saints. See Calvinism.

Syn.
 -- Persistence; steadfastness; constancy; steadiness; pertinacity.

PERSEVERANT
Per`se*ver"ant, a. Etym: [L. perseverans, -antis, p.pr.: cf. F.
persévérant.]

Defn: Persevering. [R.] "Perseverant faith." Whitby.
 -- Per`se*ver"ant*ly, adv. [R.]

PERSEVERE
Per`se*vere", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Persevered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Persevering.] Etym: [F. persévérer, L. perseverare, fr. perseverus
very strict; per + severus strict, severe. See Per-, and Severe.]

Defn: To persist in any business or enterprise undertaken; to pursue
steadily any project or course begun; to maintain a purpose in spite
of counter influences, opposition, or discouragement; not to give or
abandon what is undertaken.
Thrice happy, if they know Their happiness, and persevere upright.
Milton.

Syn.
 -- To Persevere, Continue, Persist. The idea of not laying aside is
common to these words. Continue is the generic term, denoting simply
to do as one has done hitherto. To persevere is to continue in a
given course in spite of discouragements, etc., from a desire to
obtain our end. To persist is to continue from a determination of
will not to give up. Persist is frequently used in a bad sense,
implying obstinacy in pursuing an unworthy aim.

PERSEVERING
Per`se*ver"ing, a.

Defn: Characterized by perseverance; persistent.
 -- Per`se*ver"ing*ly, adv.

PERSIAN
Per"sian, a. Etym: [From Persia: cf. It. Persiano. Cf. Parsee, Peach,
Persic.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Persia, to the Persians, or to their
language. Persian berry, the fruit of Rhamnus infectorius, a kind of
buckthorn, used for dyeing yellow, and imported chiefly from
Trebizond.
 -- Persian cat. (Zoöl.) Same as Angora cat, under Angora.
 -- Persian columns (Arch.), columns of which the shaft represents a
Persian slave; -- called also Persians. See Atlantes.
 -- Persian drill (Mech.), a drill which is turned by pushing a nut
back and forth along a spirally grooved drill holder.
 -- Persian fire (Med.), malignant pustule.
 -- Persian powder. See Insect powder, under Insect.
 -- Persian red. See Indian red (a), under Indian.
 -- Persian wheel, a noria; a tympanum. See Noria.

PERSIAN
Per"sian, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Persia.

2. The language spoken in Persia.

3. A thin silk fabric, used formerly for linings. Beck.

4. pl. (Arch.)

Defn: See Persian columns, under Persian, a.

PERSIC
Per"sic, a. Etym: [L. Persicus. Cf. Persian.]

Defn: Of or relating to Persia.
 -- n.

Defn: The Persian language.

PERSICARIA
Per`si*ca"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., from LL. persicarius a peach tree. See
Peach.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Lady's thumb.

PERSICO
Per"si*co, n.

Defn: = Persicot.

PERSICOT
Per"si*cot, n. Etym: [F. See Peach.]

Defn: A cordial made of the kernels of apricots, nectarines, etc.,
with refined spirit.

PERSIENNE
Per`si*enne" (per`si*en"; -shi*en"; F. per`syen"), n.  [F., fem. of
presien Persian.]

Defn: Properly, printed calico, whether Oriental or of fanciful
design with flowers, etc., in Western work. Hence, as extended in
English, material of a similar character.

PERSIENNES
Per`si*ennes" (-enz"; F. per`syen"), n. pl. [F.]

Defn: Window blinds having movable slats, similar to Venetian blinds.

PERSIFLAGE
Per`si`flage", n. Etym: [F., fr. persifler to quiz, fr. L. per +
siffler to whistle, hiss, L. sibilare, sifilare.]

Defn: Frivolous or bantering talk; a frivolous manner of treating any
subject, whether serious or otherwise; light raillery. Hannah More.

PERSIFLEUR
Per`si`fleur, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: One who indulges in persiflage; a banterer; a quiz. Carlyle.

PERSIMMON
Per*sim"mon, n. Etym: [Virginia Indian.] (Bot.)

Defn: An American tree (Diospyros Virginiana) and its fruit, found
from New York southward. The fruit is like a plum in appearance, but
is very harsh and astringent until it has been exposed to frost, when
it becomes palatable and nutritious. Japanese persimmon, Diospyros
Kaki and its red or yellow edible fruit, which outwardly resembles a
tomato, but contains a few large seeds.

PERSIS
Per"sis, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A kind of coloring matter obtained from lichens.

PERSISM
Per"sism, n.

Defn: A Persian idiom.

PERSIST
Per*sist", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Persisted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Persisting.] Etym: [L. persistere; per + sistere to stand or be
fixed, fr. stare to stand: cf. F. persister. See Per-, and Stand.]

Defn: To stand firm; to be fixed and unmoved; to stay; to continue
steadfastly; especially, to continue fixed in a course of conduct
against opposing motives; to persevere; -- sometimes conveying an
unfavorable notion, as of doggedness or obstinacy.
If they persist in pointing their batteries against particular
persons, no laws of war forbid the making reprisals. Addison.
Some positive, persisting fops we know, Who, if once wrong, will
needs be always so. Pope.
That face persists. It floats up; it turns over in my mind. Mrs.
Browning.

Syn.
 -- See Persevere, and Insist.

PERSISTENCE; PERSISTENCY
Per*sist"ence, Per*sist"en*cy, n. Etym: [See Persistent.]

1. The quality or state of being persistent; staying or continuing
quality; hence, in an unfavorable sense, doggedness; obstinacy.

2. The continuance of an effect after the cause which first gave rise
to it is removed; as: (a) (Physics)

Defn: The persistence of motion.
(b) (Physiol.) Visual persistence, or persistence of the visual
impression; auditory persistence, etc.

PERSISTENT
Per*sist"ent, a. Etym: [L. persistens, -entis, p.pr. of persistere.
See Persist.]

1. Inclined to persist; having staying qualities; tenacious of
position or purpose.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Remaining beyond the period when parts of the same kind
sometimes fall off or are absorbed; permanent; as, persistent teeth
or gills; a persistent calyx; -- opposed to deciduous, and caducous.

PERSISTENTLY
Per*sist"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a persistent manner.

PERSISTING
Per*sist"ing, a.

Defn: Inclined to persist; tenacious of purpose; persistent.
 -- Per*sist"ing*ly, adv.

PERSISTIVE
Per*sist"ive, a.

Defn: See Persistent. Shak.

PERSOLVE
Per*solve", v. t. Etym: [L. persolvere.]

Defn: To pay wholly, or fully. [Obs.] E. Hall.

PERSON
Per"son, n. Etym: [OE. persone, persoun, person, parson, OF. persone,
F. personne, L. persona a mask (used by actors), a personage, part, a
person, fr. personare to sound through; per + sonare to sound. See
Per-, and cf. Parson.]

1. A character or part, as in a play; a specific kind or
manifestation of individual character, whether in real life, or in
literary or dramatic representation; an assumed character. [Archaic]
His first appearance upon the stage in his new person of a sycophant
or juggler. Bacon.
No man can long put on a person and act a part. Jer. Taylor.
To bear rule, which was thy part And person, hadst thou known thyself
aright. Milton.
How different is the same man from himself, as he sustains the person
of a magistrate and that of a friend! South.

2. The bodily form of a human being; body; outward appearance; as, of
comely person.
A fair persone, and strong, and young of age. Chaucer.
If it assume my noble father's person. Shak.
Love, sweetness, goodness, in her person shined. Milton.

3. , self-conscious being, as distinct from an animal or a thing; a
moral agent; a human being; a man, woman, or child.
Consider what person stands for; which, I think, is a thinking,
intelligent being, that has reason and reflection. Locke.

4. A human being spoken of indefinitely; one; a man; as, any person
present.

5. A parson; the parish priest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

6. (Theol.)

Defn: Among Trinitarians, one of the three subdivisions of the
Godhead (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost); an hypostasis.
"Three persons and one God." Bk. of Com. Prayer.

7. (Gram.)

Defn: One of three relations or conditions (that of speaking, that of
being spoken to, and that of being spoken of) pertaining to a noun or
a pronoun, and thence also to the verb of which it may be the
subject.

Note: A noun or pronoun, when representing the speaker, is said to be
in the first person; when representing what is spoken to, in the
second person; when representing what is spoken of, in the third
person.

8. (Biol.)

Defn: A shoot or bud of a plant; a polyp or zooid of the compound
Hydrozoa Anthozoa, etc.; also, an individual, in the narrowest sense,
among the higher animals. Haeckel.
True corms, composed of united personæ . . . usually arise by
gemmation, . . . yet in sponges and corals occasionally by fusion of
several originally distinct persons. Encyc. Brit.
Artificial, or Fictitious, person (Law), a corporation or body
politic. blackstone.
 -- Natural person (Law), a man, woman, or child, in distinction from
a corporation.
 -- In person, by one's self; with bodily presence; not by
representative. "The king himself in person is set forth." Shak.
 -- In the person of, in the place of; acting for. Shak.

PERSON
Per"son, v. t.

Defn: To represent as a person; to personify; to impersonate. [Obs.]
Milton.

PERSONA
Per*so"na, n.; pl. Personæ. Etym: [L.] (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Person, n., 8.

PERSONABLE
Per"son*a*ble, a.

1. Having a well-formed body, or person; graceful; comely; of good
appearance; presentable; as, a personable man or woman.
Wise, warlike, personable, courteous, and kind. Spenser.
The king, . . . so visited with sickness, was not personable. E.
Hall.

2. (Law)
(a) Enabled to maintain pleas in court. Cowell.
(b) Having capacity to take anything granted.

PERSONAGE
Per"son*age, n. Etym: [F. personnage.]

1. Form, appearance, or belongings of a person; the external
appearance, stature, figure, air, and the like, of a person. "In
personage stately." Hayward.
The damsel well did view his personage. Spenser.

2. Character assumed or represented. "The actors and personages of
this fable." Broome. "Disguised in a false personage." Addison.

3. A notable or distinguished person; a conspicious or peculiar
character; as, an illustrious personage; a comely personage of
stature tall. Spenser.

PERSONAL
Per"son*al, a. Etym: [L. personalis: cf. F. personnel.]

1. Pertaining to human beings as distinct from things.
Every man so termed by way of personal difference. Hooker.

2. Of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or
affecting, an individual, or each of many individuals; peculiar or
proper to private concerns; not public or general; as, personal
comfort; personal desire.
The words are conditional, -- If thou doest well, -- and so personal
to Cain. Locke.

3. Pertaining to the external or bodily appearance; corporeal; as,
personal charms. Addison.

4. Done in person; without the intervention of another. "Personal
communication." Fabyan.
The immediate and personal speaking of God. White.

5. Relating to an individual, his character, conduct, motives, or
private affairs, in an invidious and offensive manner; as, personal
reflections or remarks.

6. (Gram.)

Defn: Denoting person; as, a personal pronoun. Personal action (Law),
a suit or action by which a man claims a debt or personal duty, or
damages in lieu of it; or wherein he claims satisfaction in damages
for an injury to his person or property, or the specific recovery of
goods or chattels; -- opposed to real action.
 -- Personal equation. (Astron.) See under Equation.
 -- Personal estate or property (Law), movables; chattels; -- opposed
to real estate or property. It usually consists of things temporary
and movable, including all subjects of property not of a freehold
nature.
 -- Personal identity (Metaph.), the persistent and continuous unity
of the individual person, which is attested by consciousness.
 -- Personal pronoun (Gram.), one of the pronouns I, thou, he, she,
it, and their plurals.
 -- Personal representatives (Law), the executors or administrators
of a person deceased.
 -- Personal rights, rights appertaining to the person; as, the
rights of a personal security, personal liberty, and private
property.
 -- Personal tithes. See under Tithe.
 -- Personal verb (Gram.), a verb which is modified or inflected to
correspond with the three persons.

PERSONAL
Per"son*al, n. (Law)

Defn: A movable; a chattel.

PERSONALISM
Per"son*al*ism, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being personal; personality. [R.]

PERSONALITY
Per`son*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Personalities. Etym: [Cf. F. personnalité.
Cf. Personality.]

1. That which constitutes distinction of person; individuality.
Personality is individuality existing in itself, but with a nature as
a ground. Coleridge.

2. Something said or written which refers to the person, conduct,
etc., of some individual, especially something of a disparaging or
offensive nature; personal remarks; as, indulgence in personalities.
Sharp personalities were exchanged. Macaulay.

3. (Law)

Defn: That quality of a law which concerns the condition, state, and
capacity of persons. Burrill.

PERSONALIZE
Per"son*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Personalizing.]

Defn: To make personal. "They personalize death." H. Spencer.

PERSONALLY
Per"son*al*ly, adv.

1. In a personal manner; by bodily presence; in person; not by
representative or substitute; as, to deliver a letter personally.
He, being cited, personally came not. Grafton.

2. With respect to an individual; as regards the person;
individually; particularly.
She bore a mortal hatred to the house of Lancaster, and personally to
the king. Bacon.

3. With respect to one's individuality; as regards one's self; as,
personally I have no feeling in the matter.

PERSONALTY
Per"son*al*ty, n.

1. The state of being a person; personality. [R.]

2. (Law)

Defn: Personal property, as distinguished from realty or real
property.

PERSONATE
Per"son*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Personating.] Etym: [L. personare to cry out, LL., to extol. See
Person.]

Defn: To celebrate loudly; to extol; to praise. [Obs.]
In fable, hymn, or song so personating Their gods ridiculous. Milton.

PERSONATE
Per"son*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. personatus masked, assumed, fictitious,
fr. persona a mask. See Person.]

1. To assume the character of; to represent by a fictitious
appearance; to act the part of; hence, to counterfeit; to feign; as,
he tried to personate his brother; a personated devotion. Hammond.

2. To set forth in an unreal character; to disguise; to mask. [R.] "A
personated mate." Milton.

3. To personify; to typify; to describe. Shak.

PERSONATE
Per"son*ate, v. i.

Defn: To play or assume a character.

PERSONATE
Per"son*ate, a. Etym: [L. personatus masked.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the throat of a bilabiate corolla nearly closed by a
projection of the base of the lower lip; masked, as in the flower of
the snapdragon.

PERSONATION
Per`son*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of personating, or conterfeiting the person or
character of another.

PERSONATOR
Per"son*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who personates. "The personators of these actions." B.
Jonson.

PERSONEITY
Per`son*e"i*ty, n.

Defn: Personality. [R.] Coleridge.

PERSONIFICATION
Per*son`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. personnification.]

1. The act of personifying; impersonation; embodiment. C. Knight.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstract
idea is represented as animated, or endowed with personality;
prosopopas, the floods clap their hands. "Confusion heards his
voice." Milton.

PERSONIFIER
Per*son"i*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who personifies.

PERSONIFY
Per*son"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Personifying.] Etym: [Person + -fy: cf. F. personnifier.]

1. To regard, treat, or represent as a person; to represent as a
rational being.
The poets take the liberty of personifying inanimate things.
Chesterfield.

2. To be the embodiment or personification of; to impersonate; as, he
personifies the law.

PERSONIZE
Per"son*ize, v. t.

Defn: To personify. [R.]
Milton has personized them. J. Richardson.

PERSONNEL
Per`son`nel", n. Etym: [F. See Personal.]

Defn: The body of persons employed in some public service, as the
army, navy, etc.; -- distinguished from matériel.

PERSPECTIVE
Per*spec"tive, a. Etym: [L. perspicere, perspectum, to look through;
per + spicere, specere, to look: cf. F. perspectif; or from E.
perspective, n. See Spy, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to the science of vision; optical. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. Pertaining to the art, or in accordance with the laws, of
perspective. Perspective plane, the plane or surface on which the
objects are delineated, or the picture drawn; the plane of
projection; -- distinguished from the ground plane, which is that on
which the objects are represented as standing. When this plane is
oblique to the principal face of the object, the perspective is
called oblique perspective; when parallel to that face, parallel
perspective.
 -- Perspective shell (Zoöl.), any shell of the genus Solarium and
allied genera. See Solarium.

PERSPECTIVE
Per*spec"tive, n. Etym: [F. perspective, fr. perspectif: cf. It.
perspettiva. See Perspective, a.]

1. A glass through which objects are viewed. [Obs.] "Not a
perspective, but a mirror." Sir T. Browne.

2. That which is seen through an opening; a view; a vista. "The
perspective of life." Goldsmith.

3. The effect of distance upon the appearance of objects, by means of
which the eye recognized them as being at a more or less measurable
distance. Hence, aërial perspective, the assumed greater vagueness or
uncertainty of outline in distant objects.
Aërial perspective is the expression of space by any means
whatsoever, sharpness of edge, vividness of color, etc. Ruskin.

4. The art and the science of so delineating objects that they shall
seem to grow smaller as they recede from the eye; -- called also
linear perspective.

5. A drawing in linear perspective. Isometrical perspective, an
inaccurate term for a mechanical way of representing objects in the
direction of the diagonal of a cube.
 -- Perspective glass, a telescope which shows objects in the right
position.

PERSPECTIVELY
Per*spec"tive*ly, adv.

1. Optically; as through a glass. [R.]
You see them perspectively. Shak.

2. According to the rules of perspective.

PERSPECTOGRAPH
Per*spec"to*graph, n. Etym: [L. perspectus (p.p. of perspicere to
look through) + -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for obtaining, and transferring to a picture, the
points and outlines of objects, so as to represent them in their
proper geometrical relations as viewed from some one point.

PERSPECTOGRAPHY
Per`spec*tog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: The science or art of delineating objects according to the laws
of perspective; the theory of perspective.

PERSPICABLE
Per"spi*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. perspicabilis, fr. perspicere.]

Defn: Discernible. [Obs.] Herbert.

PERSPICACIOUS
Per`spi*ca"cious, a. Etym: [L. perspicax, -acis, fr. perspicere to
look through: cf. F. perspicace. See Perspective.]

1. Having the power of seeing clearly; quick-sighted; sharp of sight.

2. Fig.: Of acute discernment; keen.
 -- Per`spi*ca"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Per`spi*ca"cious*ness, n.

PERSPICACITY
Per`spi*cac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. perspicacitas: cf. F. perspicacité.
See Perspicacious.]

Defn: The state of being perspicacious; acuteness of sight or of
intelligence; acute discernment. Sir T. Browne.

PERSPICACY
Per"spi*ca*cy, n.

Defn: Perspicacity. [Obs.]

PERSPICIENCE
Per*spi"cience, n. Etym: [L. perspicientia, fr. perspiciens, p.p. of
perspicere. See Perspective.]

Defn: The act of looking sharply. [Obs.] Bailey.

PERSPICIL
Per"spi*cil, n. Etym: [LL. perspicilla, fr. L. perspicere to look
through.]

Defn: An optical glass; a telescope. [Obs.] Crashaw.

PERSPICUITY
Per`spi*cu"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. perspicuitas: cf. F. perspicuité.]

1. The quality or state of being transparent or translucent. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.

2. The quality of being perspicuous to the understanding; clearness
of expression or thought.

3. Sagacity; perspicacity.

Syn.
 -- Clearness; perspicuousness; plainness; distinctness; lucidity;
transparency. See Clearness.

PERSPICUOUS
Per*spic"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. perspicuus, from perspicere to look
through. See Perspective.]

1. Capable of being through; transparent; translucent; not opaque.
[Obs.] Peacham.

2. Clear to the understanding; capable of being clearly understood;
clear in thought or in expression; not obscure or ambiguous; as, a
perspicuous writer; perspicuous statements. "The purpose is
perspicuous." Shak.
 -- Per*spic"u*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Per*spic"u*ous*ness, n.

PERSPIRABILITY
Per*spir`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being perspirable.

PERSPIRABLE
Per*spir"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. perspirable.]

1. Capable of being perspired. Sir T. Browne.

2. Emitting perspiration; perspiring. [R.] Bacon.

PERSPIRATION
Per`spi*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perspiration.]

1. The act or process of perspiring.

2. That which is excreted through the skin; sweat.

Note: A man of average weight throws off through the skin during 24
hours about 18 ounces of water, 300 grains of solid matter, and 400
grains of carbonic acid gas. Ordinarily, this constant exhalation is
not apparent, and the excretion is then termed insensible
perspiration.

PERSPIRATIVE
Per*spir"a*tive, a.

Defn: Performing the act of perspiration; perspiratory.

PERSPIRATORY
Per*spir"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or producing, perspiration; as, the
perspiratory ducts.

PERSPIRE
Per*spire", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perspired; p. pr. & vb. n.
Perspiring.] Etym: [L. perspirare to breathe through; per + spirare.
See Per-, and Spirit.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: To excrete matter through the skin; esp., to excrete fluids
through the pores of the skin; to sweat.

2. To be evacuated or excreted, or to exude, through the pores of the
skin; as, a fluid perspires.

PERSPIRE
Per*spire", v. t.

Defn: To emit or evacuate through the pores of the skin; to sweat; to
excrete through pores.
Firs . . . perspire a fine balsam of turpentine. Smollett.

PERSTREPEROUS
Per*strep"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. perstrepere to make a great noise.]

Defn: Noisy; obstreperous. [Obs.] Ford.

PERSTRINGE
Per*stringe", v. t. Etym: [L. perstringere; per + stringere to bind
up, to touch upon.]

1. To touch; to graze; to glance on. [Obs.]

2. To criticise; to touch upon. [R.] Evelyn.

PERSUADABLE
Per*suad"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be persuaded.
 -- Per*suad"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Per*suad"a*bly, adv.

PERSUADE
Per*suade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Persuaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Persuading.] Etym: [L. persuadere, persuasum; per + suadere to
advise, persuade: cf. F. persuader. See Per-, and Suasion.]

1. To influence or gain over by argument, advice, entreaty,
expostulation, etc.; to draw or incline to a determination by
presenting sufficient motives.
Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian. Acts xxvi. 28.
We will persuade him, be it possible. Shak.

2. To try to influence. [Obsolescent]
Hearken not unto Hezekiah, when he persuadeth you. 2 Kings xviii. 32.

3. To convince by argument, or by reasons offered or suggested from
reflection, etc.; to cause to believe.
Beloved, we are persuaded better things of you. Heb. vi. 9.

4. To inculcate by argument or expostulation; to advise; to
recommend. Jer. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- To convince; induce; prevail on; win over; allure; entice. See
Convince.

PERSUADE
Per*suade", v. i.

Defn: To use persuasion; to plead; to prevail by persuasion. Shak.

PERSUADE
Per*suade", n.

Defn: Persuasion. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

PERSUADED
Per*suad"ed, p. p. & a.

Defn: Prevailed upon; influenced by argument or entreaty; convinced.
 -- Per*suad"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Per*suad"ed*ness, n.

PERSUADER
Per*suad"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, persuades or influences. "Powerful
persuaders." Milton.

PERSUASIBILITY
Per*sua`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being persuaded. Hawthorne.

PERSUASIBLE
Per*sua"si*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. L. persuasibilis persuasive, F.
persuasible persuasible.]

1. Capable of being persuaded; persuadable.

2. Persuasive. [Obs.] Bale.
 -- Per*sua"si*ble*ness, n.
 -- Per*sua"si*bly, adv.

PERSUASION
Per*sua"sion, n. Etym: [L. persuasio; Cf. F. persuasion.]

1. The act of persuading; the act of influencing the mind by
arguments or reasons offered, or by anything that moves the mind or
passions, or inclines the will to a determination.
For thou hast all the arts of fine persuasion. Otway.

2. The state of being persuaded or convinced; settled opinion or
conviction, which has been induced.
If the general persuasion of all men does so account it. Hooker.
My firm persuasion is, at least sometimes, That Heaven will weigh
man's virtues and his crimes With nice attention. Cowper.

3. A creed or belief; a sect or party adhering to a certain creed or
system of opinions; as, of the same persuasion; all persuasions are
agreed.
Of whatever state or persuasion, religious or political. Jefferson.

4. The power or quality of persuading; persuasiveness.
Is 't possible that my deserts to you Can lack persuasion Shak.

5. That which persuades; a persuasive. [R.]

Syn.
 -- See Conviction.

PERSUASIVE
Per*sua"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. persuasif.]

Defn: Tending to persuade; having the power of persuading; as,
persuasive eloquence. "Persuasive words." Milton.

PERSUASIVE
Per*sua"sive, n.

Defn: That which persuades; an inducement; an incitement; an
exhortation.
 -- Per*sua"sive*ly, adv.
 -- Per*sua"sive*ness, n.

PERSUASORY
Per*sua"so*ry, a.

Defn: Persuasive. Sir T. Browne.

PERSULPHATE
Per*sul"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A sulphate of the peroxide of any base. [R.]

PERSULPHIDE
Per*sul"phide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A sulphide containing more sulphur than some other compound of
the same elements; as, iron pyrites is a persulphide; -- formerly
called persulphuret.

PERSULPHOCYANATE
Per*sul`pho*cy"a*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of persulphocyanic acid. [R.]

PERSULPHOCYANIC
Per*sul`pho*cy*an"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a yellow crystalline substance
(called also perthiocyanic acid), analogous to sulphocyanic acid, but
containing more sulphur.

PERSULPHOCYANOGEN
Per*sul`pho*cy*an"o*gen, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An orange-yellow substance, produced by the action of chlorine
or boiling dilute nitric acid and sulphocyanate of potassium; --
called also pseudosulphocyanogen, perthiocyanogen, and formerly
sulphocyanogen.

PERSULPHURET
Per*sul"phu*ret, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A persulphide. [Obs.]

PERT
Pert, a. Etym: [An aphetic form of OE. & OF. apert open, known, true,
free, or impudent. See Apert.]

1. Open; evident; apert. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. Lively; brisk; sprightly; smart. [Obs.] Shak.

3. Indecorously free, or presuming; saucy; bold; impertinent. "A very
pert manner." Addison.
The squirrel, flippant, pert, and full of play. Cowper.

PERT
Pert, v. i.

Defn: To behave with pertness. [Obs.] Gauden.

PERTAIN
Per*tain", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pertained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pertaining.] Etym: [OE. partenen, OF. partenir, fr. L. pertinere to
stretch out, reach, pertain; per + tenere to hold, keep. See Per-,
and Tenable, and cf. Appertain, Pertinent.]

1. To belong; to have connection with, or dependence on, something,
as an appurtenance, attribute, etc.; to appertain; as, saltness
pertains to the ocean; flowers pertain to plant life.
Men hate those who affect that honor by ambition which pertaineth not
to them. Hayward.

2. To have relation or reference to something.
These words pertain unto us at this time as they pertained to them at
their time. Latimer.

PERTEREBRATION
Per*ter`e*bra"tion, n. Etym: [L. perterebratus, p.p. of perterebrare
to bore through.]

Defn: The act of boring through. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

PERTHIOCYANOGEN
Per*thi`o*cy*an"o*gen, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Persulphocyanogen.

PERTHITE
Perth"ite, n. Etym: [So called from Perth, in canada.] (Min.)

Defn: A kind of feldspar consisting of a laminated intertexture of
albite and orthoclase, usually of different colors.
 -- Per*thit"ic, a.

PERTINACIOUS
Per`ti*na"cious, a.Etym: [L. pertinax, -acis; per + tenax tenacious.
See Per-, and Tenacious.]

1. Holding or adhering to any opinion, purpose, or design, with
obstinacy; perversely persistent; obstinate; as, pertinacious
plotters; a pertinacious beggar.

2. Resolute; persevering; constant; steady.
Diligence is a steady, constant, and pertinacious study. South.

Syn.
 -- Obstinate; stubborn; inflexible; unyielding; resolute;
determined; firm; constant; steady.
 -- Per`ti*na"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Per`ti*na"cious*ness, n.

PERTINACITY
Per`ti*nac"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pertinacité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being pertinacious; obstinacy;
perseverance; persistency. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- See Obstinacy.

PERTINACY
Per"ti*na*cy, n. Etym: [L. pertinere to pertain. See Pertinence.]

Defn: The quality or state of being pertinent; pertinence. [Obs.]

PERTINACY
Per"ti*na*cy, n. Etym: [L. pertinacia, fr. pertinax. See
Pertinacious.]

Defn: Pertinacity. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PERTINATE
Per"ti*nate, a.

Defn: Pertinacious. [Obs.]

PERTINATELY
Per"ti*nate*ly, adv.

Defn: Pertinaciously. [Obs.]

PERTINENCE; PERTINENCY
Per"ti*nence, Per"ti*nen*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pertinence. See
Pertinent.]

Defn: The quality or state of being pertinent; justness of relation
to the subject or matter in hand; fitness; appositeness; relevancy;
suitableness.
The fitness and pertinency of the apostle's discourse. Bentley.

PERTINENT
Per"ti*nent, a. Etym: [L. pertinens, -entis, p.pr. of pertinere: cf.
F. pertinent. See Pertain.]

1. Belonging or related to the subject or matter in hand; fit or
appropriate in any way; adapted to the end proposed; apposite;
material; relevant; as, pertinent illustrations or arguments;
pertinent evidence.

2. Regarding; concerning; belonging; pertaining. [R.] "Pertinent unto
faith." Hooker.

Syn.
 -- Apposite; relevant; suitable; appropriate; fit.
 -- Per"ti*nent*ly, adv.
 -- Per"ti*nent*ness, n.

PERTLY
Pert"ly, adv.

Defn: In a pert manner.

PERTNESS
Pert"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being pert.

PERTRANSIENT
Per*tran"sient, a. Etym: [L. pertransiens, p.pr. of pertransire.]

Defn: Passing through or over. [R.]

PERTURB
Per*turb", v. t. Etym: [L. perturbare, perturbatum; per + turbare to
disturb, fr. turba a disorder: cf. OF. perturber. See Per-, and
Turbid.]

1. To disturb; to agitate; to vex; to trouble; to disquiet.
Ye that . . . perturb so my feast with crying. Chaucer.

2. To disorder; to confuse. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

PERTURBABILITY
Per*turb`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being perturbable.

PERTURBABLE
Per*turb"a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to be perturbed or agitated; liable to be disturbed or
disquieted.

PERTURBANCE
Per*turb"ance, n.

Defn: Disturbance; perturbation. [R.] "Perturbance of the mind."
Sharp.

PERTURBATE
Per"tur*bate, v. t. Etym: [From L. perturbatus, p.p.]

Defn: To perturb. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

PERTURBATE
Per"tur*bate, a.

Defn: Perturbed; agitated. [R.]

PERTURBATION
Per`tur*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. perturbatio: cf. F. perturbation.]

1. The act of perturbing, or the state of being perturbed; esp.,
agitation of mind.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A disturbance in the regular elliptic or other motion of a
heavenly body, produced by some force additional to that which causes
its regular motion; as, the perturbations of the planets are caused
by their attraction on each other. Newcomb.

PERTURBATIONAL
Per`tur*ba"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to perturbation, esp. to the perturbations of
the planets. "The perturbational theory." Sir J. Herschel.

PERTURBATIVE
Per"tur*ba*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to cause perturbation; disturbing. Sir J. Herschel.

PERTURBATOR
Per"tur*ba`tor, n.

Defn: A perturber. [R.]

PERTURBED
Per*turbed", a.

Defn: Agitated; disturbed; troubled. Shak.
 -- Per*turb"ed*ly, adv.

PERTURBER
Per*turb"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, perturbs, or cause perturbation.

PERTUSATE
Per*tus"ate, a. Etym: [See Pertuse.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pierced at the apex.

PERTUSE; PERTUSED
Per*tuse", Per*tused", a. Etym: [L. pertusus, p.p. of pertundere to
beat or thrust through, to bore through; per + tundere to beat: cf.
F. pertus. Cf. Pierce.]

Defn: Punched; pierced with, or having, holes.

PERTUSION
Per*tu"sion, n. Etym: [L. pertusio.]

Defn: The act of punching or piercing with a pointed instrument; as,
pertusion of a vein. [R.] Arbuthnot.

2. A punched hole; a perforation. Bacon.

PERTUSSIS
Per*tus"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. per through, very + tussis cough.]
(Med.)

Defn: The whooping cough.

PERUKE
Per"uke, n. Etym: [F. perruque, It. perrucca, parrucca, fr. L. pilus
hair. Cf. Periwig, Wig, Peel to strip off, Plush, Pile a hair.]

Defn: A wig; a periwig.

PERUKE
Per"uke, v. t.

Defn: To dress with a peruke. [R.]

PERULA
Per"u*la, n.; pl. Perulæ. Etym: [L., dim. of pera wallet, Gr.
pérule.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the scales of a leaf bud.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A pouchlike portion of the perianth in certain orchides.

PERULE
Per"ule, n.

Defn: Same as Perula.

PERUSAL
Pe*rus"al, n. Etym: [From Peruse.]

1. The act of carefully viewing or examining. [R.] Tatler.

2. The act of reading, especially of reading through or with care.
Woodward.

PERUSE
Pe*ruse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perused; p. pr. & vb. n. Perusing.]
Etym: [Pref. per- + use.]

1. To observe; to examine with care. [R.]
Myself I then perused, and limb by limb Surveyed. Milton.

2. To read through; to read carefully. Shak.

PERUSER
Pe*rus"er, n.

Defn: One who peruses.

PERUVIAN
Pe*ru"vi*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. péruvien, Sp. peruviano.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Peru, in South America.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Peru. Peruvian balsam. See Balsam
of Peru, under Balsam.
 -- Peruvian bark, the bitter bark of trees of various species of
Cinchona. It acts as a powerful tonic, and is a remedy for malarial
diseases. This property is due to several alkaloids, as quinine,
cinchonine, etc., and their compounds; -- called also Jesuit's bark,
and cinchona. See Cinchona.

PERVADE
Per*vade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pervaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Pervading.]
Etym: [L. pervadere, pervasum; per + vadere to go, to walk. See Per-,
and Wade.]

1. To pass or flow through, as an aperture, pore, or interstice; to
permeate.
That labyrinth is easily pervaded. Blackstone.

2. To pass or spread through the whole extent of; to be diffused
throughout.
A spirit of cabal, intrigue, and proselytism pervaded all their
thoughts, words, and actions. Burke.

PERVASION
Per*va"sion, n. Etym: [L. pervasio. See Pervade.]

Defn: The act of pervading, passing, or spreading through the whole
extent of a thing. Boyle.

PERVASIVE
Per*va"sive, a.

Defn: Tending to pervade, or having power to spread throughout; of a
pervading quality. "Civilization pervasive and general." M. Arnold.

PERVERSE
Per*verse", a. Etym: [L. perversus turned the wrong way, not right,
p.p. of pervertereto turn around, to overturn: cf. F. pervers. See
Pervert.]

1. Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the right;
willfully erring; wicked; perverted.
The only righteous in a word perverse. Milton.

2. Obstinate in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward;
vexing; contrary.
To so perverse a sex all grace is vain. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Froward; untoward; wayward; stubborn; ungovernable; intractable;
cross; petulant; vexatious.
 -- Perverse, Froward. One who is froward is capricious, and
reluctant to obey. One who is perverse has a settled obstinacy of
will, and likes or dislikes by the rule of contradiction to the will
of others.

PERVERSED
Per*versed", a.

Defn: Turned aside. [Obs.]

PERVERSEDLY
Per*vers"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Perversely. [Obs.]

PERVERSELY
Per*verse"ly, adv.

Defn: In a perverse manner.

PERVERSENESS
Per*verse"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being perverse. "Virtue hath some
perverseness." Donne.

PERVERSION
Per*ver"sion, n. Etym: [L. perversio: cf. F. perversion. See
Pervert.]

Defn: The act of perverting, or the state of being perverted; a
turning from truth or right; a diverting from the true intent or
object; a change to something worse; a turning or applying to a wrong
end or use. "Violations and perversions of the laws." Bacon.

PERVERSITY
Per*ver"si*ty, n. Etym: [L. perversitas: cf. F. perversité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being perverse; perverseness.

PERVERSIVE
Per*ver"sive, a.

Defn: Tending to pervert.

PERVERT
Per*vert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perverted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Perverting.] Etym: [F. pervertir, L. pervertere, perversum; per +
vertere to turn. See Per-, and Verse.]

1. To turnanother way; to divert. [Obs.]
Let's follow him, and pervert the present wrath. Shak.

2. To turn from truth, rectitude, or propriety; to divert from a
right use, end, or way; to lead astray; to corrupt; also, to
misapply; to misinterpret designedly; as, to pervert one's words.
Dryden.
He, in the serpent, had perverted Eve. Milton.

PERVERT
Per*vert", v. i.

Defn: To become perverted; to take the wrong course. [R.] Testament
of Love.

PERVERT
Per"vert, n.

Defn: One who has been perverted; one who has turned to error,
especially in religion; -- opposed to convert. See the Synonym of
Convert.
That notorious pervert, Henry of Navarre. Thackeray.

PERVERTER
Per*vert"er, n.

Defn: One who perverts (a person or thing). "His own parents his
perverters." South. "A perverter of his law." Bp. Stillingfleet.

PERVERTIBLE
Per*vert"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being perverted.

PERVESTIGATE
Per*ves"ti*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. pervestigatus, p.p. of
pervestigare.]

Defn: To investigate thoroughly. [Obs.]

PERVESTIGATION
Per*ves`ti*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. pervestigatio.]

Defn: Thorough investigation. [Obs.] Chillingworth.

PERVIAL
Per"vi*al, a. Etym: [See Pervious.]

Defn: Pervious. [Obs.] -- Per"vi*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] Chapman.

PERVICACIOUS
Per`vi*ca"cious, a. Etym: [L. pervicax, -acis.]

Defn: Obstinate; willful; refractory. [Obs.] -- Per`vi*ca"cious*ly,
adv.
 -- Per`vi*ca"cious*ness, n. [Obs.]

PERVICACITY
Per`vi*cac"i*ty, n.

Defn: Obstinacy; pervicaciousness. [Obs.] Bentley.

PERVICACY
Per"vi*ca*cy, n. Etym: [L. pervicacia.]

Defn: Pervicacity. [Obs.]

PERVIGILATION
Per*vig`i*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. pervigilatio, fr. pervigilare.]

Defn: Careful watching. [Obs.]

PERVIOUS
Per"vi*ous, a. Etym: [L. pervis; per + via a way. See Per-, and
Voyage.]

1. Admitting passage; capable of being penetrated by another body or
substance; permeable; as, a pervious soil.
[Doors] . . . pervious to winds, and open every way. Pope.

2. Capable of being penetrated, or seen through, by physical or
mental vision. [R.]
God, whose secrets are pervious to no eye. Jer. Taylor.

3. Capable of penetrating or pervading. [Obs.] Prior.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Open; -- used synonymously with perforate, as applied to the
nostrils or birds.

PERVIOUSNESS
Per"vi*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being pervious; as, the perviousness of
glass. Boyle.

PERVIS
Per"vis, n.

Defn: See Parvis.

PERY
Per"y, n.

Defn: A pear tree. See Pirie. [Obs.]

PES
Pes, n.; pl. Pedes . Etym: [L., the foot.] (Anat.)

Defn: The distal segment of the hind limb of vertebrates, including
the tarsus and foot.

PESADE
Pe*sade", n. Etym: [F.] (Man.)

Defn: The motion of a horse when, raising his fore quarters, he keeps
his hind feet on the ground without advancing; rearing.

PESAGE
Pes"age, n. Etym: [F., fr. peser to weigh.]

Defn: A fee, or toll, paid for the weighing of merchandise.

PESANE
Pes"ane, n. (Anc. Armor.)

Defn: See Pusane.

PESANTED
Pes"ant*ed, a. Etym: [F. pesant heavy.]

Defn: Made heavy or dull; debased. [Obs.] "Pesanted to each lewd
thought's control." Marston.

PESCHITO
Pe*schit"o, n.

Defn: See Peshito.

PESE
Pese, n. Etym: [See Pea.]

Defn: A pea. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PESETA
Pe*se"ta, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A Spanish silver coin, and money of account, equal to about
nineteen cents, and divided into 100 centesimos.

PESHITO; PESHITTO
Pe*shit"o, Pe*shit"to, n. Etym: [Syriac peshîtâ simple.]

Defn: The earliest Syriac version of the Old Testament, translated
from Hebrew; also, the incomplete Syriac version of the New
Testament. [Written also peschito.]

PESKY
Pes"ky, a. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Pestering; vexatious; troublesome. Used also as an intensive.
[Colloq. & Low, U.S.] Judd.

PESO
Pe"so, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A Spanish dollar; also, an Argentine, Chilian, Colombian, etc.,
coin, equal to from 75 cents to a dollar; also, a pound weight.

PESSARY
Pes"sa*ry, n.; pl. Pessaries. Etym: [L. pessarium, pessum, pessus,
Gr. pessaire.] (Med.)
(a) An instrument or device to be introduced into and worn in the
vagina, to support the uterus, or remedy a malposition.
(b) A medicinal substance in the form of a bolus or mass, designed
for introduction into the vagina; a vaginal suppository.

PESSIMISM
Pes"si*mism, n. Etym: [L. pessimus worst, superl. of pejor worse: cf.
F. pessimisme. Cf. Impair.]

1. (Metaph.)

Defn: The opinion or doctrine that everything in nature is ordered
for or tends to the worst, or that the world is wholly evil; --
opposed to Ant: optimism.

2. A disposition to take the least hopeful view of things.

PESSIMIST
Pes"si*mist, n. Etym: [L. pessimus worst: cf. F. pessimiste.]

1. (Metaph.)

Defn: One who advocates the doctrine of pessimism; -- opposed to Ant:
optimist.

2. One who looks on the dark side of things.

PESSIMIST; PESSIMISTIC
Pes"si*mist, Pes`si*mis"tic, a. (Metaph.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to pessimism; characterized by pessimism;
gloomy; foreboding. "Giving utterance to pessimistic doubt." Encyc.
Brit.

PESSIMISTICAL
Pes`si*mis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Pessimistic.

PESSIMIZE
Pes"si*mize, v. i.

Defn: To hold or advocate the doctrine of pessimism. London Sat. Rev.

PESSULUS
Pes"su*lus, n.; pl. Pessuli. Etym: [L., a bolt.] (Anat.)

Defn: A delicate bar of cartilage connecting the dorsal and ventral
extremities of the first pair of bronchial cartilages in the syrinx
of birds.

PEST
Pest, n. Etym: [L. pestis: cf. F. peste.]

1. A fatal epidemic disease; a pestilence; specif., the plague.
England's sufferings by that scourge, the pest. Cowper.

2. Anything which resembles a pest; one who, or that which, is
troublesome, noxious, mischievous, or destructive; a nuisance. "A
pest and public enemy." South.

PESTALOZZIAN
Pes`ta*loz"zi*an, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or characteristic of, a system of elementary
education which combined manual training with other instruction,
advocated and practiced by Jean Henri Pestalozzi (1746-1827), a Swiss
teacher.
 -- n.

Defn: An advocate or follower of the system of Pestalozzi.

PESTALOZZIANISM
Pes`ta*loz"zi*an*ism, n.

Defn: The system of education introduced by Pestalozzi.

PESTER
Pes"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pestered; p. pr. & vb. n. Pestering.]
Etym: [Abbrev. fr. impester, fr. OF. empaistrier, empestrer, to
entangle the feet or legs, to embarrass, F. empêtrer; pref. em-, en-
(L. in in) + LL. pastorium, pastoria, a fetter by which horses are
prevented from wandering in the pastures, fr. L. pastorius belonging
to a herdsman or shepherd, pastor a herdsman. See In, and Pasture,
Pastor.]

1. To trouble; to disturb; to annoy; to harass with petty vexations.
We are pestered with mice and rats. Dr. H. More.
A multitude of scribblers daily pester the world. Dryden.

2. To crowd together in an annoying way; to overcrowd; to infest.
[Obs.] Milton.
All rivers and pools . . . pestered full with fishes. Holland.

PESTERER
Pes"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who pesters or harasses.

PESTERMENT
Pes"ter*ment, n.

Defn: The act of pestering, or the state of being pestered; vexation;
worry. "The trouble and pesterment of children." B. Franklin.

PESTEROUS
Pes"ter*ous, a.

Defn: Inclined to pester. Also, vexatious; encumbering; burdensome.
[Obs.] Bacon.

PESTFUL
Pest"ful, a.

Defn: Pestiferous. "After long and pestful calms." Coleridge.

PESTHOUSE
Pest`house", n.

Defn: A house or hospital for persons who are infected with any
pestilential disease.

PESTIDUCT
Pes"ti*duct, n. Etym: [L. pestis pest + ductus a leading, fr. ducere
to lead.]

Defn: That which conveys contagion or infection. [Obs.] Donne.

PESTIFEROUS
Pes*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. pestiferus, pestifer; pestis pest +
ferre to bear: cf. F. pestifère.]

1. Pest-bearing; pestilential; noxious to health; malignant;
infectious; contagious; as, pestiferous bodies. "Poor, pestiferous
creatures begging alms." Evelyn. "Unwholesome and pestiferous
occupations." Burke.

2. Noxious to peace, to morals, or to society; vicious; hurtful;
destructive; as, a pestiferous demagogue.
Pestiferous reports of men very nobly held. Shak.

PESTIFEROUSLY
Pes*tif"er*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pestiferuos manner.

PESTILENCE
Pes"ti*lence, n. Etym: [F. pestilence, L. pestilentia. See
Pestilent.]

1. Specifically, the disease known as the plague; hence, any
contagious or infectious epidemic disease that is virulent and
devastating.
The pestilence That walketh in darkness. Ps. xci. 6.

2. Fig.: That which is pestilent, noxious, or pernicious to the moral
character of great numbers.
I'll pour this pestilence into his ear. Shak.
Pestilence weed (Bot.), the butterbur coltsfoot (Petasites vulgaris),
so called because formerly considered a remedy for the plague. Dr.
Prior.

PESTILENT
Pes"ti*lent, a. Etym: [L. pestilens, -entis, fr. pestis pest: cf. F.
pestilent.]

Defn: Pestilential; noxious; pernicious; mischievous. "Corrupt and
pestilent." Milton. "What a pestilent knave is this same!" Shak.

PESTILENTIAL
Pes`ti*len"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pestilentiel.]

1. Having the nature or qualities of a pestilence. "Sends the
pestilential vapors." Longfellow.

2. Hence: Mischievous; noxious; pernicious; morally destructive.
So pestilential, so infectious a thing is sin. Jer. Taylor.

PESTILENTIALLY
Pes`ti*len"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: Pestilently.

PESTILENTIOUS
Pes`ti*len"tious, a.

Defn: Pestilential. [Obs.]

PESTILENTLY
Pes"ti*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pestilent manner; mischievously; destructively. "Above all
measure pestilently noisome." Dr. H. More.

PESTILENTNESS
Pes"ti*lent*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being pestilent.

PESTILLATION
Pes`til*la"tion, n. Etym: [LL. pestillum, L. pistillum. See Pestle.]

Defn: The act of pounding and bruising with a pestle in a mortar. Sir
T. Browne.

PESTLE
Pes"tle, n. Etym: [OE. pestel, OF. pestel, LL. pestellum, L.
pistillum, pistillus, a pounder, pestle, fr. pisere, pinsere, to
pound, crush, akin to Gr. pish. Cf. Pistil.]

1. An implement for pounding and breaking or braying substances in a
mortar.

2. A constable's or bailiff's staff; -- so called from its shape.
[Obs.] Chapman.

3. The leg and leg bone of an animal, especially of a pig; as, a
pestle of pork.

PESTLE
Pes"tle, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pestled; p. pr. & vb. n. Pestling.]

Defn: To pound, pulverize, bray, or mix with a pestle, or as with a
pestle; to use a pestle.

PET
Pet, n. Etym: [Formerly peat, perhaps from Ir. peat, akin to Gael.
peata.]

1. A cade lamb; a lamb brought up by hand.

2. Any person or animal especially cherished and indulged; a
fondling; a darling; often, a favorite child.
The love of cronies, pets, and favorites. Tatler.

3. Etym: [Prob. fr. Pet a fondling, hence, the behavior or humor of a
spoiled child.]

Defn: A slight fit of peevishness or fretfulness. "In a pet she
started up." Tennyson.

PET
Pet, a.

Defn: Petted; indulged; admired; cherished; as, a pet child; a pet
lamb; a pet theory.
Some young lady's pet curate. F. Harrison.
Pet cock. Etym: [Perh. for petty cock.] (Mach.) A little faucet in a
water pipe or pump, to let air out, or at the end of a steam
cylinder, to drain it.

PET
Pet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petted; p. pr. & vb. n. Petting.]

Defn: To treat as a pet; to fondle; to indulge; as, she was petted
and spoiled.

PET
Pet, v. i.

Defn: To be a pet. Feltham.

PETAL
Pet"al, n. Etym: [Gr. pétale. See Fathom.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the leaves of the corolla, or the colored leaves of a
flower. See Corolla, and Illust. of Flower.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the expanded ambulacra which form a rosette on the black
of certain Echini.

PETALED
Pet"aled, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having petals; as, a petaled flower; -- opposed to Ant:
apetalous, and much used in compounds; as, one-petaled, three-
petaled, etc.

PETALIFEROUS
Pet`al*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Petal + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing petals.

PETALIFORM
Pe*tal"i*form, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of a petal; petaloid; petal-shaped.

PETALINE
Pet"al*ine, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pétalin.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to a petal; attached to, or resembling, a petal.

PETALISM
Pet"al*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. pétalisme.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A form of sentence among the ancient Syracusans by which they
banished for five years a citizen suspected of having dangerous
influence or ambition. It was similar to the ostracism in Athens; but
olive leaves were used instead of shells for ballots.

PETALITE
Pet"al*ite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pétalite.] (Min.)

Defn: A rare mineral, occurring crystallized and in cleavable masses,
usually white, or nearly so, in color. It is a silicate of aluminia
and lithia.

PETALODY
Pe*tal"o*dy, n. Etym: [Petal + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The metamorphosis of various floral organs, usually stamens,
into petals.

PETALOID
Pet"al*oid, a. Etym: [Petal + -oid: cf. F. pétaloïde.] (Bot.)

Defn: Petaline.

PETALOIDEOUS
Pet`al*oid"e*ous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the whole or part of the perianth petaline. Petaloideous
division, that division of endogenous plants in which the perianth is
wholly or partly petaline, embracing the Liliaceæ, Orchidaceæ,
Amaryllideæ, etc.

PETALOSTICHA
Pet`a*los"ti*cha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Echini, including the irregular sea urchins, as the
spatangoids. See Spatangoid.

PETALOUS
Pet"al*ous, a.

Defn: Having petals; petaled; -- opposed to Ant: apetalous.

PETALUM
Pet"a*lum, n.; pl. Petala. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A petal.

PETAR
Pe*tar", n.

Defn: See Petard. [Obs.] "Hoist with his own petar." Shak.

PETARD
Pe*tard", n. Etym: [F. pétard, fr. péter to break wind, to crack, to
explode, L. pedere, peditum.] (Mil.)

Defn: A case containing powder to be exploded, esp. a conical or
cylindrical case of metal filled with powder and attached to a plank,
to be exploded against and break down gates, barricades, drawbridges,
etc. It has been superseded.

PETARDEER; PETARDIER
Pet`ar*deer", Pet`ar*dier", n. Etym: [F. pétardier.] (Mil.)

Defn: One who managed a petard.

PETASUS
Pet"a*sus, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The winged cap of Mercury; also, a broad-brimmed, low-crowned
hat worn by Greeks and Romans.

PETAURIST
Pe*tau"rist, n. Etym: [L. petaurista a ropedancer, Gr. pétauriste.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any flying marsupial of the genera Petaurus, Phalangista,
Acrobata, and allied genera. See Flying mouse, under Flying, and
Phalangister.

PETECHIAE
Pe*tech"i*æ, n. pl.; sing. Petechia (. Etym: [NL., fr. LL. peteccia;
cf. F. pétéchie, It. petecchia, Sp. petequia, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Small crimson, purple, or livid spots, like flea-bites, due to
extravasation of blood, which appear on the skin in malignant fevers,
etc.

PETECHIAL
Pe*tech"i*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pétéchial, LL. petecchialis.] (Med.)

Defn: Characterized by, or pertaining to, petechiæ; spotted.
Petechial fever, a malignant fever, accompanied with livid spots on
the skin.

PETER
Pe"ter, n.

Defn: A common baptismal name for a man. The name of one of the
apostles, Peter boat, a fishing boat, sharp at both ends, originally
of the Baltic Sea, but now common in certain English rivers.
 -- Peter Funk, the auctioneer in a mock auction. [Cant, U.S.] --
Peter pence, or Peter's pence. (a) An annual tax or tribute, formerly
paid by the English people to the pope, being a penny for every
house, payable on Lammas or St.Peter's day; -- called also Rome scot,
and hearth money. (b) In modern times, a voluntary contribution made
by Roman Catholics to the private purse of the pope.
 -- Peter's fish (Zoöl.), a haddock; -- so called because the black
spots, one on each side, behind the gills, are traditionally said to
have been caused by the fingers of St. Peter, when he caught the fish
to pay the tribute. The name is applied, also, to other fishes having
similar spots.

PETER
Pet"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Petered; p. pr. & vb. n. Petering.] Etym:
[Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: To become exhausted; to run out; to fail; -- used generally
with out; as, that mine has petered out. [Slang, U.S.]

PETEREL
Pet"er*el, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Petrel.

PETERERO
Pet`e*re"ro, n. (Mil.)

Defn: See Pederero.

PETERMAN
Pe"ter*man, n.; pl. Petermen (.

Defn: A fisherman; -- so called after the apostle Peter. [An obs.
local term in Eng.] Chapman.

PETERSHAM
Pe"ter*sham, n. Etym: [Named after Lord Petersham.]

Defn: A rough, knotted woolen cloth, used chiefly for men's
overcoats; also, a coat of that material.

PETERWORT
Pe"ter*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Saint Peter's-wort, under Saint.

PETIOLAR; PETIOLARY
Pet"i*o*lar, Pet"i*o*la*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pétiolarie.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to petiole, or proceeding from it; as, a
petiolar tendril; growing or supported upon a petiole; as, a petiolar
gland; a petiolar bud.

PETIOLATE; PETIOLATED
Pet"i*o*late, Pet"i*o*la`ted, a. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a stalk or petiole; as, a petioleate leaf; the
petiolated abdomen of certain Hymenoptera.

PETIOLE
Pet"i*ole, n. Etym: [F. pétiole, fr. L. petiolus a little foot, a
fruit stalk; cf. pes, pedis, a foot.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A leafstalk; the footstalk of a leaf, connecting the blade with
the stem. See Illust. of Leaf.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stalk or peduncle.

PETIOLED
Pet"i*oled, a.

Defn: Petiolate.

PETIOLULATE
Pet`i*ol"u*late, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Supported by its own petiolule. Gray.

PETIOLULE
Pet"i*o*lule, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pétiolule.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small petiole, or the petiole of a leaflet.

PETIT
Pet"it, a. Etym: [F. See Petty.]

Defn: Small; little; insignificant; mean; -- Same as Petty. [Obs.,
except in legal language.]
By what small, petit hints does the mind catch hold of and recover a
vanishing notion. South.
Petit constable, an inferior civil officer, subordinate to the high
constable.
 -- Petit jury, a jury of twelve men, impaneled to try causes at the
bar of a court; -- so called in distinction from the grand jury.
 -- Petit larceny, the stealing of goods of, or under, a certain
specified small value; -- opposed to grand larceny. The distinction
is abolished in England.
 -- Petit maître (. Etym: [F., lit., little master.] A fop; a
coxcomb; a ladies' man. Goldsmith.
 -- Petit serjeanty (Eng. Law), the tenure of lands of the crown, by
the service of rendering annually some implement of war, as a bow, an
arrow, a sword, a flag, etc.
 -- Petit treason, formerly, in England, the crime of killing a
person to whom the offender owed duty or subjection, as one's
husband, master, mistress, etc. The crime is now not distinguished
from murder.

PETITE
Pe*tite", a. [F., fem. of petit.]

Defn: Small, little; of a woman or girl, of small size and trim
figure.

PETITION
Pe*ti"tion, n. Etym: [F. pétition, L. petitio, fr. petere, petitum,
to beg, ask, seek; perh. akin to E. feather, or find.]

1. A prayer; a supplication; an imploration; an entreaty; especially,
a request of a solemn or formal kind; a prayer to the Supreme Being,
or to a person of superior power, rank, or authority; also, a single
clause in such a prayer.
A house of prayer and petition for thy people. 1 Macc. vii. 37.
This last petition heard of all her prayer. Dryden.

2. A formal written request addressed to an official person, or to an
organized body, having power to grant it; specifically (Law), a
supplication to government, in either of its branches, for the
granting of a particular grace or right; -- in distinction from a
memorial, which calls certain facts to mind; also, the written
document. Petition of right (Law), a petition to obtain possession or
restitution of property, either real or personal, from the Crown,
which suggests such a title as controverts the title of the Crown,
grounded on facts disclosed in the petition itself. Mozley & W.
 -- The Petition of Right (Eng. Hist.), the parliamentary declaration
of the rights of the people, assented to by Charles I.

PETITION
Pe*ti"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petitioned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Petitioning.]

Defn: To make a prayer or request to; to ask from; to solicit; to
entreat; especially, to make a formal written supplication, or
application to, as to any branch of the government; as, to petition
the court; to petition the governor.
You have . . . petitioned all the gods for my prosperity. Shak.

PETITION
Pe*ti"tion, v. i.

Defn: To make a petition or solicitation.

PETITIONARILY
Pe*ti"tion*a*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of begging the question; by an assumption. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.

PETITIONARY
Pe*ti"tion*a*ry, a.

1. Supplicatory; making a petition.
Pardon Rome, and any petitionary countrymen. Shak.

2. Containing a petition; of the nature of a petition; as, a
petitionary epistle. Swift.

PETITIONEE
Pe*ti`tion*ee", n.

Defn: A person cited to answer, or defend against, a petition.

PETITIONER
Pe*ti"tion*er, n.

Defn: One who presents a petition.

PETITIONING
Pe*ti"tion*ing, n.

Defn: The act of presenting apetition; a supplication.

PETIT MAL
Pe*tit" mal". [F., lit., little sickness.] (Med.)

Defn: The mildest form of epilepsy, with momentary faintness or
unconsciousness, but without convulsions; -- opposed to grand mal.

PETITOR
Pet"i*tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. petere to seek.]

Defn: One who seeks or asks; a seeker; an applicant. [R.] Fuller.

PETITORY
Pet"i*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. petitorius, fr. petere, petitum, to beg,
ask: cf. F. pétitore.]

Defn: Petitioning; soliciting; supplicating. Sir W. Hamilton.
Petitory suit or action (Admiralty Law), a suit in which the mere
title to property is litigated and sought to be enforced, as
distinguished from a possessory suit; also (Scots Law), a suit
wherein the plaintiff claims something as due him by the defendant.
Burrill.

PETONG
Pe*tong", n. (Metal.)

Defn: See Packfong.

PETRALOGY
Pe*tral"o*gy, n.

Defn: See Petrology.

PETRARY
Pet"ra*ry, n. Etym: [L. petra stone. Cf. Sp. petraria, and E.
Pederero.]

Defn: An ancient war engine for hurling stones.

PETRE
Pe"tre, n.

Defn: See Saltpeter.

PETREAN
Pe*tre"an, a. Etym: [L. petraeus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to to rock. G. S. Faber.

PETREL
Pe"trel, n. Etym: [F. pétrel; a dim. of the name Peter, L. Petrus,
Gr. John i.42); -- probably so called in allusion to St.Peter's
walking on the sea. See Petrify.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of longwinged sea birds belonging
to the family Procellaridæ. The small petrels, or Mother Carey's
chickens, belong to Oceanites, Oceanodroma, Procellaria, and several
allied genera. Diving petrel, any bird of the genus Pelecanoides.
They chiefly inhabit the southern hemisphere.
 -- Fulmar petrel, Giant petrel. See Fulmar.
 -- Pintado petrel, the Cape pigeon. See under Cape.
 -- Pintado petrel, any one of several small petrels, especially
Procellaria pelagica, or Mother Carey's chicken, common on both sides
of the Atlantic.

PETRESCENCE
Pe*tres"cence, n.

Defn: The process of changing into stone; petrification.

PETRESCENT
Pe*tres"cent, a. Etym: [L. petra rock, stone, Gr.

Defn: Petrifying; converting into stone; as, petrescent water. Boyle.

PETRIFACTION
Pet`ri*fac"tion, n. Etym: [See Petrify.]

1. The process of petrifying, or changing into stone; conversion of
any organic matter (animal or vegetable) into stone, or a substance
of stony hardness.

2. The state or condition of being petrified.

3. That which is petrified; popularly, a body incrusted with stony
matter; an incrustation.

4. Fig.: Hardness; callousness; obduracy. "Petrifaction of the soul."
Cudworth.

PETRIFACTIVE
Pet`ri*fac"tive, a.

1. Having the quality of converting organic matter into stone;
petrifying.

2. Pertaining to, or characterized by, petrifaction.
The . . . petrifactive mutations of hard bodies. Sir T. Browne.

PETRIFIC
Pe*trif"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pétrifique.]

Defn: Petrifying; petrifactive.
Death with his mace petrific, cold and dry. Milton.

PETRIFICATE
Pet"ri*fi*cate, v. t.

Defn: To petrify. [Obs.]
Our hearts petrificated were. J. Hall (1646).

PETRIFICATION
Pet`ri*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pétrification. See Petrify.]

1. See Petrifaction.

2. Fig.: Obduracy; callousness. Hallywell.

PETRIFY
Pet"ri*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petrified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Petrifying.] Etym: [L. petra rock, Gr. -fy: cf. F. pétrifier. Cf.
Parrot, Petrel, Pier.]

1. To convert, as any animal or vegetable matter, into stone or stony
substance.
A river that petrifies any sort of wood or leaves. Kirwan.

2. To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to
transform; as by petrifaction; as, to petrify the heart. Young.
"Petrifying accuracy." Sir W. Scott.
And petrify a genius to a dunce. Pope.
The poor, petrified journeyman, quite unconscious of what he was
doing. De Quincey.
A hideous fatalism, which ought, logically, to petrify your volition.
G. Eliot.

PETRIFY
Pet"ri*fy, v. i.

1. To become stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic matter by
calcareous deposits.

2. Fig.: To become stony, callous, or obdurate.
Like Niobe we marble grow, And petrify with grief. Dryden.

PETRINE
Pe"trine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to St.Peter; as, the Petrine Epistles.

PETRO-
Pet"ro-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. rock, stone; as, petrology,
petroglyphic.

PETROGALE
Pe*trog"a*le, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any Australian kangaroo of the genus Petrogale, as the rock
wallaby (P. penicillata).

PETROGLYPHIC
Pet`ro*glyph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to petroglyphy.

PETROGLYPHY
Pe*trog"ly*phy, n. Etym: [Petro + Gr.

Defn: The art or operation of carving figures or inscriptions on rock
or stone.

PETROGRAPHIC; PETROGRAPHICAL
Pet`ro*graph"ic, Pet`ro*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to petrography.

PETROGRAPHY
Pe*trog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Petro + -graphy.]

1. The art of writing on stone.

2. The scientific description of rocks; that department of science
which investigates the constitution of rocks; petrology.

PETROHYOID
Pet`ro*hy"oid, a. Etym: [Petro + hyoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to petrous, oe periotic, portion of the skull and
the hyoid arch; as, the petrohyoid muscles of the frog.

PETROL
Pe*trol", n.

Defn: Petroleum. [R.]

PETROLATUM
Pet`ro*la"tum, n. (Chem. & Pharm.)

Defn: A semisolid unctuous substance, neutral, and without taste or
odor, derived from petroleum by distilling off the lighter portions
and purifying the residue. It is a yellowish, fatlike mass,
transparent in thin layers, and somewhat fluorescent. It is used as a
bland protective dressing, and as a substitute for fatty materials in
ointments. U. S. Pharm.

Note: Petrolatum is the official name for the purified product.
Cosmoline and vaseline are commercial names for substances
essentially the same, but differing slightly in appearance and
consistency or fusibility.

PETROLEUM
Pe*tro"le*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. petra a rock + oleum oil: cf. F.
pétrole. Cf. Petrify, and Oil.]

Defn: Rock oil, mineral oil, or natural oil, a dark brown or greenish
inflammable liquid, which, at certain points, exists in the upper
strata of the earth, from whence it is pumped, or forced by pressure
of the gas attending it. It consists of a complex mixture of various
hydrocarbons, largely of the methane series, but may vary much in
appearance, composition, and properties. It is refined by
distillation, and the products include kerosene, benzine, gasoline,
paraffin, etc. Petroleum spirit, a volatile liquid obtained in the
distillation of crude petroleum at a temperature of 170° Fahr., or
below. The term is rather loosely applied to a considerable range of
products, including benzine and ligroin. The terms petroleum ether,
and naphtha, are sometimes applied to the still more volatile
products, including rhigolene, gasoline, cymogene, etc.

PETROLEUR; PETROLEUSE
Pé`tro`leur", n. m. Pé`tro`leuse", n. f.Etym: [F.]

Defn: One who makes use of petroleum for incendiary purposes.

PETROLINE
Pet"ro*line, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A paraffin obtained from petroleum from Rangoon in India, and
practically identical with ordinary paraffin.

PETROLOGIC; PETROLOGICAL
Pet`ro*log"ic, Pet`ro*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to petrology.

PETROLOGICALLY
Pet`ro*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to petrology.

PETROLOGIST
Pe*trol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in petrology.

PETROLOGY
Pe*trol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Petro + -logy.]

1. The department of science which is concerned with the
mineralogical and chemical composition of rocks, and with their
classification: lithology.

2. A treatise on petrology.

PETROMASTOID
Pet`ro*mas"toid, a. Etym: [Petro + mastoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the petrous and mastoid parts of the
temporal bone, periotic.

PETROMYZONT
Pet`ro*my"zont, n. Etym: [Petro + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lamprey.

PETRONEL
Pet`ro*nel, n. Etym: [OF. petrinal, fr. peitrine, petrine, the
breast, F. poitrine; so called because it was placed against the
breast in order to fire. See Poitrel.]

Defn: A sort of hand cannon, or portable firearm, used in France in
the 15th century.

PETROSAL
Pe*tro"sal, a. Etym: [See Petrous.] (Anat.)
(a) Hard; stony; petrous; as, the petrosal bone; petrosal part of the
temporal bone.
(b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the petrous, or petrosal,
bone, or the corresponding part of the temporal bone. Petrosal bone
(Anat.), a bone corresponding to the petrous portion of the temporal
bone of man; or one forming more or less of the periotic capsule.

PETROSAL
Pe*tro"sal, n. (Anat.)
(a) A petrosal bone.
(b) The auditory capsule. Owen.

PETROSILEX
Pet`ro*si"lex, n. Etym: [Petro + silex.] (Min.)

Defn: Felsite.

PETROSILICIOUS
Pet`ro*si*li"cious, a.

Defn: Containing, or consisting of, petrosilex.

PETROSTEARINE
Pet`ro*ste"a*rine, n. Etym: [Petro + stearine.]

Defn: A solid unctuous material, of which candles are made.

PETROUS
Pe"trous, a. Etym: [L. petrosus, fr. petra a stone.]

1. Like stone; hard; stony; rocky; as, the petrous part of the
temporal bone. Hooper.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Petrosal.

PETTICHAPS
Pet"ti*chaps, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Pettychaps.

PETTICOAT
Pet"ti*coat, n. (Zoöl.) Etym: [Petty + coat.]

Defn: A loose under-garment worn by women, and covering the body
below the waist. Petticoat government, government by women, whether
in politics or domestic affairs. [Colloq.] -- Petticoat pipe
(Locomotives), a short, flaring pipe surrounding the blast nozzle in
the smoke box, to equalize the draft.

PETTIFOG
Pet"ti*fog, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pettifogged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pettifogging.] Etym: [Petty + fog to pettifog.]

Defn: To do a petty business as a lawyer; also, to do law business in
a petty or tricky way. "He takes no money, but pettifogs gratis." S.
Butler.

PETTIFOG
Pet"ti*fog, v. t.

Defn: To advocate like a pettifogger; to argue trickily; as, to
pettifog a claim. [Colloq.]

PETTIFOGGER
Pet"ti*fog`ger, n.

Defn: A lawyer who deals in petty cases; an attorney whose methods
are mean and tricky; an inferior lawyer.
A pettifogger was lord chancellor. Macaulay.

PETTIFOGGERY
Pet"ti*fog`ger*y, n.; pl. -ies (.

Defn: The practice or arts of a pettifogger; disreputable tricks;
quibbles.
Quirks of law, and pettifoggeries. Barrow.

PETTIFOGGING
Pet"ti*fog`ging, a.

Defn: Paltry; quibbling; mean.

PETTIFOGGING
Pet"ti*fog`ging, n.

Defn: Pettifoggery.

PETTIFOGULIZE
Pet`ti*fog"u*lize, v. i.

Defn: To act as a pettifogger; to use contemptible tricks. De
Quincey.

PETTILY
Pet"ti*ly, adv.

Defn: In a petty manner; frivolously.

PETTINESS
Pet"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being petty or paltry; littleness;
meanness.

PETTISH
Pet"tish, a. Etym: [From Pet.]

Defn: Fretful; peevish; moody; capricious; inclined to ill temper. "A
pettish kind of humor." Sterne.
 -- Pet"tish*ly, adv.
 -- Pet"tish*ness, n.

PETTITOES
Pet"ti*toes, n. pl. Etym: [Petty + toes.]

Defn: The toes or feet of a pig, -- often used as food; sometimes, in
contempt, the human feet. Shak.

PETTO
Pet"to, n. Etym: [It., fr. L. pectus.]

Defn: The breast. In petto, in the breast; hence, in secrecy; in
reserve.

PETTY
Pet"ty, a. [Compar. Pettier; superl. Pettiest.] Etym: [OE. petit, F.
petit; probably of Celtic origin, and akin to E. piece. Cf. Petit.]

Defn: Little; trifling; inconsiderable; also, inferior; subordinate;
as, a petty fault; a petty prince. Denham.
Like a petty god I walked about, admired of all. Milton.
Petty averages. See under Average.
 -- Petty cash, money expended or received in small items or amounts.
 -- Petty officer, a subofficer in the navy, as a gunner, etc.,
corresponding to a noncommissionned officer in the army.

Note: For petty constable, petty jury, petty larceny, petty treason,
See Petit.

Syn.
 -- Little; diminutive; inconsiderable; inferior; trifling; trivial;
unimportant; frivolous.

PETTYCHAPS
Pet"ty*chaps, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small European singing birds of
the subfamily Sylviinæ, as the willow warbler, the chiff-chaff, and
the golden warbler (Sylvia hortensis).

PETTYWHIN
Pet"ty*whin, n. Etym: [Petty + whin.] (Bot.)

Defn: The needle furze. See under Needle.

PETULANCE; PETULANCY
Pet"u*lance, Pet"u*lan*cy, n. Etym: [L. petulania: cf. F. pétulance.
See Petulant.]

Defn: The quality or state of being petulant; temporary peevishness;
pettishness; capricious ill humor. "The petulancy of our words." B.
Jonson.
Like pride in some, and like petulance in others. Clarendon.
The lowering eye, the petulance, the frown. Cowper.

Syn.
 -- Petulance, Peevishness.
 -- Peevishness implies the permanence of a sour, fretful temper;
petulance implies temporary or capricious irritation.

PETULANT
Pet"u*lant, a. Etym: [L. petulans, -antis, prop., making slight
attacks upon, from a lost dim. of petere to fall upon, to attack: cf.
F. pétulant. See Petition.]

1. Forward; pert; insolent; wanton. [Obs.] Burton.

2. Capriciously fretful; characterized by ill-natured freakishness;
irritable. "Petulant moods." Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Irritable; ill-humored; peevish; cross; fretful; querulous.

PETULANTLY
Pet"u*lant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a petulant manner.

PETULCITY
Pe*tul"ci*ty, n. Etym: [See Petulcous.]

Defn: Wantonness; friskiness. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

PETULCOUS
Pe*tul"cous, a. Etym: [L. petulcus. Cf. Petulant.]

Defn: Wanton; frisky; lustful. [Obs.] J. V. Cane.

PETUNE
Pe*tune", v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Petuned; p. pr. & vb. n. Petuning.]
[See Petunia.] (Agric.)

Defn: To spray (tobacco) with a liquid intended to produce flavor or
aroma.

PETUNIA
Pe*tu"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Braz. petun tobacco.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of solanaceous herbs with funnelform or salver-shaped
corollas. Two species are common in cultivation, Petunia violacera,
with reddish purple flowers, and P. nyctaginiflora, with white
flowers. There are also many hybrid forms with variegated corollas.

PETUNSE; PETUNTSE; PETUNTZE
Pe*tunse", Pe*tuntse", Pe*tuntze", n. Etym: [From Chinese.]

Defn: Powdered fledspar, kaolin, or quartz, used in the manufacture
of porcelain.

PETWORTH MARBLE
Pet"worth mar"ble.

Defn: A kind of shell marble occurring in the Wealden clay at
Petworth, in Sussex, England; -- called also Sussex marble.

PETZITE
Petz"ite, n. Etym: [From Petz, who analyzed it.] (Min.)

Defn: A telluride of silver and gold, related to hessite.

PEUCEDANIN
Peu*ced"a*nin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A tasteless white crystalline substance, extracted from the
roots of the sulphurwort (Peucedanum), masterwort (Imperatoria), and
other related plants; -- called also imperatorin.

PEUCIL
Peu"cil, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid resembling camphene, obtained by treating turpentine
hydrochloride with lime. [Written also peucyl.]

PEW
Pew, n. Etym: [OE. pewe, OF. puie parapet, balustrade, balcony, fr.
L. podium an elevated place, a jutty, balcony, a parapet or balcony
in the circus, where the emperor and other distinguished persons sat,
Gr. Foot, and cf. Podium, Poy.]

1. One of the compartments in a church which are separated by low
partitions, and have long seats upon which several persons may sit; -
- sometimes called slip. Pews were originally made square, but are
now usually long and narrow.

2. Any structure shaped like a church pew, as a stall, formerly used
by money lenders, etc.; a box in theater; a pen; a sheepfold. [Obs.]
Pepys. Milton. Pew opener, an usher in a church. [Eng.] Dickens.

PEW
Pew, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with pews. [R.] Ash.

PEWEE
Pe"wee, n. Etym: [So called from its note.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A common American tyrant flycatcher (Sayornis phoebe, or S.
fuscus). Called also pewit, and phoebe.

2. The woodcock. [Local, U.S.] Wood pewee (Zoöl.), a bird (Contopus
virens) similar to the pewee (See Pewee, 1), but of smaller size.

PEWET
Pe"wet, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pewit.

PEWFELLOW
Pew"fel`low, n.

1. One who occupies the same pew with another.

2. An intimate associate; a companion. Shak.

PEWIT
Pe"wit, n. Etym: [Prob. of imitative origin; cf. OD. piewit, D.
kievit, G. kibitz.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The lapwing.
(b) The European black-headed, or laughing, gull (Xema ridibundus).
See under Laughing.
(c) The pewee. [Written also peevit, peewit, pewet.]

PEWTER
Pew"ter, n. Etym: [OE. pewtyr, OF. peutre, peautre, piautre: cf. D.
peauter, piauter, It. peltro, Sp. & Pg. peltre, LL. peutreum,
pestrum. Cf. Spelter.]

1. A hard, tough, but easily fusible, alloy, originally consisting of
tin with a little lead, but afterwards modified by the addition of
copper, antimony, or bismuth.

2. Utensils or vessels made of pewter, as dishes, porringers,
drinking vessels, tankards, pots.

Note: Pewter was formerly much used for domestic utensils. Inferior
sorts contain a large proportion of lead.

PEWTERER
Pew"ter*er, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to make utensils of pewter; a
pewtersmith. Shak.

PEWTERY
Pew"ter*y, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, pewter; as, a pewtery taste.

PEXITY
Pex"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. pexitas, fr. pexus woolly, nappy, p.p. of
pectere to comb.]

Defn: Nap of cloth. [Obs.]

PEYER'S GLANDS
Pey"er's glands`. Etym: [So called from J.K.Peyer, who described them
in 1677.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pathches of lymphoid nodules, in the walls of the small
intestiness; agminated glands; -- called also Peyer's patches. In
typhoid fever they become the seat of ulcers which are regarded as
the characteristic organic lesion of that disease.

PEYTREL
Pey"trel, n. Etym: [OF. peitral. See Poitrel.] (Anc. Armor)

Defn: The breastplate of a horse's armor or harness. [Spelt also
peitrel.] See Poitrel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PEZIZA
Pe*zi"za, n. Etym: [NL., corrupt. from L. pezica a sessile mushroom,
fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of fungi embracing a great number of species, some of
which are remarkable for their regular cuplike form and deep colors.

PEZIZOID
Pez"i*zoid, a. Etym: [Peziza + -oid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling a fungus of the genus Peziza; having a cuplike form.

PFENNIG
Pfen"nig, n.; pl. Pfennigs, G. Pfennige. Etym: [G. See Penny.]

Defn: A small copper coin of Germany. It is the hundredth part of a
mark, or about a quarter of a cent in United States currency.

PHACELLUS
Pha*cel"lus, n.; pl. Phacelli. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the filaments on the inner surface of the gastric cavity
of certain jellyfishes.

PHACOCHERE
Phac"o*chere, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wart hog.

PHACOID
Pha"coid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resembling a lentil; lenticular.

PHACOLITE
Phac"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A colorless variety of chabazite; the original was from Leipa,
in Bohemia.

PHACOPS
Pha"cops, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of trilobites found in the Silurian and Devonian
formations. Phacops bufo is one of the most common species.

PHAEACIAN
Phæ*a"cian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Phæacians, a fabulous seafaring people
fond of the feast, the lyre, and the dance, mentioned by Homer.

PHAENOGAM
Phæ"no*gam, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the class Phænogamia.

PHAENOGAMIA
Phæ`no*ga"mi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. (Bot.)

Defn: The class of flowering plants including all which have true
flowers with distinct floral organs; phanerogamia.

PHAENOGAMIAN; PHAENOGAMIC
Phæ`no*ga"mi*an, Phæ`no*gam"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Phænogamous.

PHAENOGAMOUS
Phæ*nog"a*mous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having true flowers with with distinct floral organs;
flowering.

PHAENOMENON
Phæ*nom"e*non, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Phenomenon.

PHAEOSPORE
Phæ"o*spore, n. Etym: [Gr. spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: A brownish zoöspore, characteristic of an order (Phæosporeæ) of
dark green or olive-colored algæ.
 -- Phæ`o*spor"ic, a.

PHAETHON
Pha"ë*thon, n. Etym: [L., Phaëthon (in sense 1), fr. Gr. Phantom.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The son of Helios (Phoebus), that is, the son of light, or of
the sun. He is fabled to have obtained permission to drive the
chariot of the sun, in doing which his want of skill would have set
the world on fire, had he not been struck with a thunderbolt by
Jupiter, and hurled headlong into the river Po.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of oceanic birds including the tropic birds.

PHAETON
Pha"ë*ton, n. Etym: [F. phaéton a kind of carriage, fr. Phaéthon
Phaëthon, the son of Helios. See Phaëthon.]

1. A four-wheeled carriage (with or without a top), open, or having
no side pieces, in front of the seat. It is drawn by one or two
horses.

2. See Phaëthon.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A handsome American butterfly (Euphydryas, or Melitæa,
Phaëton). The upper side of the wings is black, with orange-red spots
and marginal crescents, and several rows of cream-colored spots; --
called also Baltimore.

PHAGEDENA
Phag`e*de"na, n. Etym: [L. phagedaena, Gr. (Med.)
(a) A canine appetite; bulimia. [Obs.]
(b) Spreading, obstinate ulceration.

PHAGEDENIC; PHAGEDENICAL
Phag`e*den"ic, Phag`e*den"ic*AL, a. Etym: [L. phagedaenicus, Gr.
phagédénique.] (Med.)

Defn: Of, like, or pertaining to, phagedena; used in the treatment of
phagedena; as, a phagedenic ulcer or medicine.
 -- n.

Defn: A phagedenic medicine.

PHAGEDENOUS
Phag`e*de"nous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Phagedenic.

PHAGOCYTE
Phag"o*cyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A leucocyte which plays a part in retrogressive processes by
taking up (eating), in the form of fine granules, the parts to be
removed.

PHAINOPEPLA
Pha*i`no*pep"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small crested passerine bird (Phaïnopepla nitens), native of
Mexico and the Southern United States. The adult male is of a uniform
glossy blue-black; the female is brownish. Called also black
flycatcher.

PHAKOSCOPE
Phak"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for studying the mechanism of accommodation.

PHALAENA
Pha*læ"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A linnæan genus which included the moths in general.

PHALAENID
Pha*læ"nid, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any moth of the family Phalænidæ, of which the cankerworms are
examples; a geometrid.

PHALANGEAL; PHALANGAL
Pha*lan"ge*al, Pha*lan"gal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the phalanges. See Phalanx, 2.

PHALANGER
Pha*lan"ger, n. Etym: [Cf. F. phalanger. See Phalanx.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marsupial belonging to Phalangista, Cuscus, Petaurus, and
other genera of the family Phalangistidæ. They are arboreal, and the
species of Petaurus are furnished with lateral parachutes. See Flying
phalanger, under Flying.

PHALANGES
Pha*lan"ges, n.

Defn: , pl. of Phalanx.

PHALANGIAL; PHALANGIAN
Pha*lan"gi*al, Pha*lan"gi*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Phalangeal.

PHALANGID
Pha*lan"gid, n.; pl. Phalangides (. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Phalangoidea.

PHALANGIOUS
Pha*lan"gi*ous, a. Etym: [L. phalangium a kind of venomous spider,
Gr. Phalanx.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Phalangoidea.

PHALANGIST
Pha*lan"gist, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any arboreal marsupial of the genus Phalangista. The vulpine
phalangist (P. vulpina) is the largest species, the full grown male
being about two and a half feet long. It has a large bushy tail.

PHALANGISTER; PHALANGISTINE
Phal`an*gis"ter, Phal`an*gis"tine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Phalangist.

PHALANGITE
Phal"an*gite, n. Etym: [Gr. phalangite.]

Defn: A soldier belonging to a phalanx. [Obs.]

PHALANGOIDEA
Phal`an*goi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Phalangium the daddy
longlegs (see Phalangious) + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Arachnoidea, including the daddy longlegs or
harvestman (Phalangium) and many similar kinds. They have long,
slender, many-jointed legs; usually a rounded, segmented abdomen; and
chelate jaws. They breathe by tracheæ. Called also Phalangides,
Phalangidea, Phalangiida, and Opilionea.

PHALANSTERE
Pha`lan`stére", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A phalanstery.

PHALANSTERIAN
Phal`an*ste"ri*an, a. Etym: [F. phalanstérien, a. & n.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to phalansterianism.

PHALANSTERIAN
Phal`an*ste"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who favors the system of phalansteries proposed by Fourier.

PHALANSTERISM; PHALANSTERIANISM
Pha*lan"ster*ism, Phal`an*ste"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: A system of phalansteries proposed by Fourier; Fourierism.

PHALANSTERY
Phal"an*ster*y, n.; pl. -ies. Etym: [F. phalanstère, fr. Gr.

1. An association or community organized on the plan of Fourier. See
Fourierism.

2. The dwelling house of a Fourierite community.

PHALANX
Pha"lanx, n.; pl. Phalanxes, L. Phalanges. Etym: [L., from Gr.

1. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A body of heavy-armed infantry formed in ranks and files close
and deep. There were several different arrangements, the phalanx
varying in depth from four to twenty-five or more ranks of men. "In
cubic phalanx firm advanced." Milton.
The Grecian phalanx, moveless as a tower. Pope.

2. Any body of troops or men formed in close array, or any
combination of people distinguished for firmness and solidity of a
union.
At present they formed a united phalanx. Macaulay.
The sheep recumbent, and the sheep that grazed, All huddling into
phalanx, stood and gazed. Cowper.

3. A Fourierite community; a phalanstery.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the digital bones of the hand or foot, beyond the
metacarpus or metatarsus; an internode.

5. Etym: [pl. Phalanges.] (Bot.)

Defn: A group or bundle of stamens, as in polyadelphous flowers.

PHALAROPE
Phal"a*rope, n. Etym: [Gr. phalarope.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Phalaropus and allied genera of small wading
birds (Grallæ), having lobate toes. They are often seen far from
land, swimming in large flocks. Called also sea goose.

PHALLIC
Phal"lic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the phallus, or to phallism.

PHALLICISM
Phal"li*cism, n.

Defn: See Phallism.

PHALLISM
Phal"lism, n.

Defn: The worship of the generative principle in nature, symbolized
by the phallus.

PHALLUS
Phal"lus, n.; pl. Phalli (. Etym: [L., a phallus (in sense 1), Gr.

1. The emblem of the generative power in nature, carried in
procession in the Bacchic orgies, or worshiped in various ways.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The penis or clitoris, or the embryonic or primitive organ from
which either may be derived.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of fungi which have a fetid and disgusting odor; the
stinkhorn.

PHANAR
Phan"ar, n. [Turk. fanar, fr. NGr.  lighthouse, Gr.  lantern; -- from
a lighthouse on a point projecting into the Golden Horn.]

Defn: A quarter of Constantinople which, after the Turkish conquest
of the city, became the chief Greek quarter; hence, the Greek
officials of Turkey, or phanariots, as a class.

PHANARIOT; PHANARIOTE
Pha*nar"i*ot, n. Also Pha*nar"i*ote. [NGr., fr. Phanar. See Phanar.]

Defn: One of the Greeks of Constantinople who after the Turkish
conquest became powerful in clerical and other offices under Turkish
patronage.

PHANE
Phane, n.

Defn: See Fane. [Obs.] Joye.

PHANERITE
Phan"er*ite, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Evident; visible. Phanerite series (Geol.), the uppermost part
of the earth's crust, consisting of deposits produced by causes in
obvious operation.

PHANEROCARPAE
Phan`er*o*car"pæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Acraspeda.

PHANEROCODONIC
Phan`er*o*co*don"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having an umbrella-shaped or bell-shaped body, with a wide,
open cavity beneath; -- said of certain jellyfishes.

PHANEROCRYSTALLINE
Phan`er*o*crys"tal*line, a. Etym: [Gr. crystalline.] (Geol.)

Defn: Distinctly crystalline; -- used of rocks. Opposed to Ant:
cryptocrystalline.

PHANERODACTYLA
Phan`er*o*dac"ty*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Saururæ.

PHANEROGAMIA
Phan`er*o*ga"mi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: That one of the two primary divisions of the vegetable kingdom
which contains the phanerogamic, or flowering, plants.

PHANEROGAMIAN
Phan`er*o*ga"mi*an, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Phanerogamous.

PHANEROGAMIC; PHANEROGAMOUS
Phan`er*o*gam"ic, Phan`er*og"a*mous, a.

Defn: Having visible flowers containing distinct stamens and pistils;
-- said of plants.

PHANEROGLOSSAL
Phan`er*o*glos"sal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a conspicious tongue; -- said of certain reptiles and
insects.

PHANTASCOPE
Phan"ta*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: An optical instrument or toy, resembling the phenakistoscope,
and illustrating the same principle; -- called also phantasmascope.

PHANTASM
Phan"tasm, n. Etym: [L. phantasma. See Phantom, and cf. Fantasm.]
[Spelt also fantasm.]

1. An image formed by the mind, and supposed to be real or material;
a shadowy or airy appearance; sometimes, an optical illusion; a
phantom; a dream.
They be but phantasms or apparitions. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. A mental image or representation of a real object; a fancy; a
notion. Cudworth.
Figures or little features, of which the description had produced in
you no phantasm or expectation. Jer. Taylor.

PHANTASMA
Phan"tas"ma, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A phantasm.

PHANTASMAGORIA
Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. phantasmagorie.]

1. An optical effect produced by a magic lantern. The figures are
painted in transparent colors, and all the rest of the glass is
opaque black. The screen is between the spectators and the
instrument, and the figures are often made to appear as in motion, or
to merge into one another.

2. The apparatus by which such an effect is produced.

3. Fig.: A medley of figures; illusive images. "This mental
phantasmagoria." Sir W. Scott.

PHANTASMAGORIAL
Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of, relating to, or resembling phantasmagoria; phantasmagoric.

PHANTASMAGORIC
Phan*tas`ma*gor"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to phantasmagoria; phantasmagorial. Hawthorne.

PHANTASMAGORY
Phan*tas"ma*go*ry, n.

Defn: See Phantasmagoria.

PHANTASMAL
Phan*tas"mal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, of the nature of, or resembling, a phantasm;
spectral; illusive.

PHANTASMASCOPE
Phan*tas"ma*scope, n.

Defn: See Phantascope.

PHANTASMATICAL
Phan`tas*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. phantasmaticus.]

Defn: Phantasmal. Dr. H. More.

PHANTASMATOGRAPHY
Phan*tas`ma*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A description of celestial phenomena, as rainbows, etc.

PHANTASTIC; PHANTASTICAL
Phan*tas"tic, Phan*tas"tic*al, a.

Defn: See Fantastic.

PHANTASY
Phan"ta*sy, n.

Defn: See Fantasy, and Fancy.

PHANTOM
Phan"tom, n. Etym: [OE. fantome, fantosme, fantesme, OF. fantôme, fr.
L. phantasma, Gr. Fancy, and cf. Phaëton, Phantasm, Phase.]

Defn: That which has only an apparent existence; an apparition; a
specter; a phantasm; a sprite; an airy spirit; an ideal image.
Strange phantoms rising as the mists arise. Pope.
She was a phantom of delight. Wordsworth.
Phantom ship. See Flying Dutchman, under Flying.
 -- Phantom tumor (Med.), a swelling, especially of the abdomen, due
to muscular spasm, accumulation of flatus, etc., simulating an actual
tumor in appearance, but disappearing upon the administration of an
anæsthetic.

PHANTOMATIC
Phan`tom*at"ic, a.

Defn: Phantasmal. [R.] Coleridge.

PHANTOM CIRCUIT
Phantom circuit. (Elec.)

Defn: The equivalent of an additional circuit or wire, in reality not
existing, obtained by certain arrangements of real circuits, as in
some multiplex telegraph systems.

PHARAOH
Pha"raoh, n. Etym: [Heb. paroh; of Egyptian origin: cf. L. pharao,
Gr. Faro.]

1. A title by which the sovereigns of ancient Egypt were designated.

2. See Faro. Pharaoh's chicken (Zoöl.), the gier-eagle, or Egyptian
vulture; -- so called because often sculpured on Egyptian monuments.
It is nearly white in color.
 -- Pharaoh's rat (Zoöl.), the common ichneumon.

PHARAON
Pha"ra*on, n.

Defn: See Pharaoh, 2.

PHARAONIC
Phar`a*on"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pharaonique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Pharaohs, or kings of ancient Egypt.

PHARE
Phare, n. Etym: [See Pharos.]

1. A beacon tower; a lighthouse. [Obs.]

2. Hence, a harbor. Howell.

PHARISAIC; PHARISAICAL
Phar`i*sa"ic, Phar`i*sa"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. Pharisaicus, Gr.
pharisaïque. See Pharisee.]

1. Of or pertaining to the Pharisees; resembling the Pharisees. "The
Pharisaic sect among the Jews." Cudworth.

2. Hence: Addicted to external forms and ceremonies; making a show of
religion without the spirit of it; ceremonial; formal; hypocritical;
self-righteous. "Excess of outward and pharisaical holiness. " Bacon.
"Pharisaical ostentation." Macaulay.
 -- Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ness, n.

PHARISAISM
Phar`i*sa"ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pharisaisme.]

1. The notions, doctrines, and conduct of the Pharisees, as a sect.
Sharp.

2. Rigid observance of external forms of religion, without genuine
piety; hypocrisy in religion; a censorious, self-righteous spirit in
matters of morals or manners. "A piece of pharisaism." Hammond.

PHARISEAN
Phar`i*se"an, a. Etym: [L. Pharisaeus, Gr.

Defn: Following the practice of Pharisees; Pharisaic. [Obs.]
"Pharisean disciples." Milton.

PHARISEE
Phar"i*see, n. Etym: [L. Pharisaeus, Gr. parash to separate.]

Defn: One of a sect or party among the Jews, noted for a strict and
formal observance of rites and ceremonies and of the traditions of
the elders, and whose pretensions to superior sanctity led them to
separate themselves from the other Jews.

PHARISEEISM
Phar"i*see*ism, n.

Defn: See Pharisaism.

PHARMACEUTIC; PHARMACEUTICAL
Phar`ma*ceu"tic, Phar`ma*ceu"tic*al, a. Etym: [L. pharmaceuticus, Gr.
pharmaceutique. See Pharmacy.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the knowledge or art of pharmacy, or to the
art of preparing medicines according to the rules or formulas of
pharmacy; as, pharmaceutical preparations.
 -- Phar`ma*ceu"tic*al*ly, adv. Pharmaceutical chemistry, that
department of chemistry which ascertains or regulates the composition
of medicinal substances.

PHARMACEUTICS
Phar`ma*ceu"tics, n.

Defn: The science of preparing medicines.

PHARMACEUTIST
Phar`ma*ceu"tist, n.

Defn: One skilled in pharmacy; a druggist. See the Note under
Apothecary.

PHARMACIST
Phar"ma*cist, n.

Defn: One skilled in pharmacy; a pharmaceutist; a druggist.

PHARMACODYMANICS
Phar`ma*co*dy*man"ics, n. [Gr.  drug + E. dynamics.]

Defn: That branch of pharmacology which treats of the action and the
effects of medicines.

PHARMACODYNAMICS
Phar`ma*co*dy*nam"ics, n. Etym: [Gr. dynamics.]

Defn: That branch of pharmacology which considers the mode of action,
and the effects, of medicines. Dunglison.

PHARMACOGNOSIS
Phar`ma*cog*no"sis, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: That branch of pharmacology which treats of unprepared
medicines or simples; -- called also pharmacography, and
pharmacomathy.

PHARMACOGNOSY
Phar`ma*cog"no*sy, n.

Defn: Pharmacognosis.

PHARMACOGRAPHY
Phar`ma*cog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: See Pharmacognosis.

PHARMACOLITE
Phar*mac"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. pharmacolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous arsenate of lime, usually occurring in silky fibers
of a white or grayish color.

PHARMACOLOGIST
Phar`ma*col"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pharmacologiste.]

Defn: One skilled in pharmacology.

PHARMACOLOGY
Phar`ma*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. pharmacologie.]

1. Knowledge of drugs or medicines; the art of preparing medicines.

2. A treatise on the art of preparing medicines.

PHARMACOMATHY
Phar`ma*com"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: See Pharmacognosis.

PHARMACON
Phar"ma*con, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A medicine or drug; also, a poison. Dunglison.

PHARMACOPOEIA
Phar`ma*co*poe"ia, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

1. A book or treatise describing the drugs, preparations, etc., used
in medicine; especially, one that is issued by official authority and
considered as an authoritative standard.

2. A chemical laboratory. [Obs.] Dunglison.

PHARMACOPOLIST
Phar`ma*cop"o*list, n. Etym: [L. pharmacopola, Gr.

Defn: One who sells medicines; an apothecary.

PHARMACOSIDERITE
Phar`ma*co*sid"er*ite, n. Etym: [Gr. siderite.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous arsenate of iron occurring in green or yellowish
green cubic crystals; cube ore.

PHARMACY
Phar"ma*cy, n. Etym: [OE. fermacie, OF. farmacie, pharmacie, F.
pharmacie, Gr.

1. The art or practice of preparing and preserving drugs, and of
compounding and dispensing medicines according to prescriptions of
physicians; the occupation of an apothecary or a pharmaceutical
chemist.

2. A place where medicines are compounded; a drug store; an
apothecary's shop.

PHARO
Pha"ro, n.

1. A pharos; a lighthouse. [Obs.]

2. See Faro.

PHAROLOGY
Pha*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The art or science which treats of lighthouses and signal
lights.

PHAROS
Pha"ros, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A lighthouse or beacon for the guidance of seamen.
He . . . built a pharos, or lighthouse. Arbuthnot.

PHARYNGAL
Pha*ryn"gal, a.

Defn: Pharyngeal. H. Sweet.

PHARYNGEAL
Phar`yn*ge"al, a. Etym: [See Pharynx.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pharynx; in the region of the pharynx.

PHARYNGEAL
Phar`yn*ge"al, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A pharyngeal bone or cartilage; especially, one of the lower
pharyngeals, which belong to the rudimentary fifth branchial arch in
many fishes, or one of the upper pharyngeals, or pharyngobranchials,
which are the dorsal elements in the complete branchial arches.

PHARYNGITIS
Phar`yn*gi"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Pharynx, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the pharynx.

PHARYNGOBRANCHIAL
Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*al, a. Etym: [Pharynx + branchial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pharynx and the branchiæ; -- applied
especially to the dorsal elements in the branchial arches of fishes.
See Pharyngeal.
 -- n.

Defn: A pharyngobranchial, or upper pharyngeal, bone or cartilage.

PHARYNGOBRANCHII
Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pharynx, and Branchia.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Leptocardia.

PHARYNGOGNATHI
Phar`yn*gog"na*thi, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pharynx, and Gnathic.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of fishes in which the lower pharyngeal bones are
united. It includes the scaroid, labroid, and embioticoid fishes.

PHARYNGOLARYNGEAL
Pha*ryn`go*lar`yn*ge"al, a. Etym: [Pharynx + laryngeal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining both to pharynx and the larynx.

PHARYNGOPNEUSTA
Pha*ryn`gop*neus"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of invertebrates including the Tunicata and
Enteropneusta.
 -- Pha*ryn`gop*neus"tal, a.

PHARYNGOTOME
Pha*ryn"go*tome, n. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for incising or scarifying the tonsils, etc.

PHARYNGOTOMY
Phar`yn*got"o*my, n. Etym: [Pharynx + Gr. : cf. F. pharyngotomie.]
(Surg.)
(a) The operation of making an incision into the pharynx, to remove a
tumor or anything that obstructs the passage.
(b) Scarification or incision of the tonsils.

PHARYNX
Phar"ynx, n.; pl. pharynges. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. pharynx.] (Anat.)

Defn: The part of the alimentary canal between the cavity of the
mouth and the esophagus. It has one or two external openings through
the nose in the higher vertebrates, and lateral branchial openings in
fishes and some amphibias.

PHASCOLOME
Phas"co*lome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marsupial of the genus Phascolomys; a wombat.

PHASE
Phase, n.; pl. Phases. Etym: [NL. phasis, Gr. phase. See Phenomenon,
Phantom, and Emphasis.]

1. That which is exhibited to the eye; the appearance which anything
manifests, especially any one among different and varying appearances
of the same object.

2. Any appearance or aspect of an object of mental apprehension or
view; as, the problem has many phases.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: A particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring cycle
of changes with respect to quantity of illumination or form of
enlightened disk; as, the phases of the moon or planets. See Illust.
under Moon.

4. (Physics)

Defn: Any one point or portion in a recurring series of changes, as
in the changes of motion of one of the particles constituting a wave
or vibration; one portion of a series of such changes, in distinction
from a contrasted portion, as the portion on one side of a position
of equilibrium, in contrast with that on the opposite side.

PHASE ANGLE
Phase angle. (Elec.)

Defn: The angle expressing phase relation.

PHASE CONVERTER
Phase converter. (Elec.)

Defn: A machine for converting an alternating current into an
alternating current of a different number of phases and the same
frequency.

PHASE DISPLACEMENT
Phase displacement. (Elec.)

Defn: A charge of phase whereby an alternating current attains its
maximum later or earlier. An inductance would cause a lag, a capacity
would cause an advance, in phase.

PHASEL
Pha"sel, n. Etym: [L. phaselus, phaseolus, Gr. phaséole, faséole. Cf.
Fesels.]

Defn: The French bean, or kidney bean.

PHASELESS
Phase"less, a.

Defn: Without a phase, or visible form. [R.] "A phaseless and
increasing gloom." Poe.

PHASE METER; PHASEMETER
Phase meter, or Phase"me`ter, n. (Elec.)

Defn: A device for measuring the difference in phase of two
alternating currents of electromotive forces.

PHASEOLUS
Pha*se"o*lus, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous plants, including the Lima bean, the
kidney bean, the scarlet runner, etc. See Bean.

PHASEOMANNITE
Pha`se*o*man"nite, n. Etym: [So called because found in the unripe
fruit of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Inosite.

PHASE RULE
Phase rule. (Phys. Chem.)

Defn: A generalization with regard to systems of chemical
equilibrium, discovered by Prof. J. Willard Gibbs. It may be stated
thus: The degree of variableness (number of degrees of freedom) of a
system is equal to the number of components minus the number of
phases, plus two. Thus, if the components be salt and water, and the
phases salt, ice, saturated solution, and vapor, the system is
invariant, that is, there is only one set of conditions under which
these four phases can exist in equilibrium. If only three phases be
considered, the system is univariant, that is, the fixing of one
condition, as temperature, determines the others.

PHASE SPLITTER
Phase splitter. (Elec.)

Defn: A device by which a single-phase current is split into two or
more currents differing in phase. It is used in starting single-phase
induction motors.

PHASE SPLITTING
Phase splitting. (Elec.)

Defn: The dephasing of the two parts of a single alternating current
in two dissimilar branches of a given circuit.

PHASING
Phas"ing, a. (Elec.)

Defn: Pertaining to phase or differences of phase.

PHASING CURRENT
Phasing current.

Defn: The momentary current between two alternating-current
generators when juxtaposed in parallel and not agreeing exactly in
phase or period.

PHASING TRANSFORMER
Phasing transformer.

Defn: Any of several transformers (there must be at least two) for
changing phase.

PHASIS
Pha"sis, n.; pl. Phases. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Phase. Creech.

PHASM; PHASMA
Phasm, Phas"ma, n. Etym: [L. phasma, Gr. Phase.]

Defn: An apparition; a phantom; an appearance. [R.] Hammond. Sir T.
Herbert.

PHASMID
Phas"mid, n. Etym: [See Phasm. Probably so called from its mimicking,
or appearing like, inanimate objects.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any orthopterous insect of the family Phasmidæ, as a leaf
insect or a stick insect.

PHASSACHATE
Phas"sa*chate, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: The lead-colored agate; -- so called in reference to its color.

PHATAGIN
Phat"a*gin, n. Etym: [Cf. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The long-tailed pangolin (Manis tetradactyla); -- called also
ipi.

PHEASANT
Pheas"ant, n. Etym: [OE. fesant, fesaunt, OF. faisant, faisan, F.
faisan, L. phasianus, Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of large gallinaceous birds of the
genus Phasianus, and many other genera of the family Phasianidæ,
found chiefly in Asia.

Note: The common, or English, pheasant (Phasianus Colchicus) is now
found over most of temperate Europe, but was introduced from Asia.
The ring-necked pheasant (P. torquatus) and the green pheasant (P.
versicolor) have been introduced into Oregon. The golden pheasant
(Thaumalea picta) is one of the most beautiful species. The silver
pheasant (Euplocamus nychthemerus) of China, and several related
species from Southern Asia, are very beautiful.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ruffed grouse. [Southern U.S.]

Note: Various other birds are locally called pheasants, as the lyre
bird, the leipoa, etc. Fireback pheasant. See Fireback.
 -- Gold, or Golden, pheasant (Zoöl.), a Chinese pheasant (Thaumalea
picta), having rich, varied colors. The crest is amber-colored, the
rump is golden yellow, and the under parts are scarlet.
 -- Mountain pheasant (Zoöl.), the ruffed grouse. [Local, U.S.] --
Pheasant coucal (Zoöl.), a large Australian cuckoo (Centropus
phasianus). The general color is black, with chestnut wings and brown
tail. Called also pheasant cuckoo. The name is also applied to other
allied species.
 -- Pheasant duck. (Zoöl.) (a) The pintail. (b) The hooded merganser.
 -- Pheasant parrot (Zoöl.), a large and beautiful Australian
parrakeet (Platycercus Adelaidensis). The male has the back black,
the feathers margined with yellowish blue and scarlet, the quills
deep blue, the wing coverts and cheeks light blue, the crown, sides
of the neck, breast, and middle of the belly scarlet.
 -- Pheasant's eye. (Bot.) (a) A red-flowered herb (Adonis
autumnalis) of the Crowfoot family; -- called also pheasant's-eye
Adonis. (b) The garden pink (Dianthus plumarius); -- called also
Pheasant's-eye pink.
 -- Pheasant shell (Zoöl.), any marine univalve shell of the genus
Phasianella, of which numerous species are found in tropical seas.
The shell is smooth and usually richly colored, the colors often
forming blotches like those of a pheasant.
 -- Pheasant wood. (Bot.) Same as Partridge wood (a), under
Partridge.
 -- Sea pheasant (Zoöl.), the pintail.
 -- Water pheasant. (Zoöl.) (a) The sheldrake. (b) The hooded
merganser.

PHEASANTRY
Pheas"ant*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. faisanderie.]

Defn: A place for keeping and rearing pheasants. Gwilt.

PHEBE
Phe"be, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Phoebe.

PHEER
Pheer, n.

Defn: See 1st Fere. [Obs.] Spenser.

PHEESE
Pheese, v. t.

Defn: To comb; also, to beat; to worry. [Obs. or Local] See Feaze, v.

PHEESE
Pheese, n.

Defn: Fretful excitement. [Obs. or Local] See Feaze, n.

PHELLODERM
Phel"lo*derm, n. Etym: [Gr. -derm.] (Bot.)

Defn: A layer of green parenchimatous cells formed on the inner side
of the phellogen.

PHELLOGEN
Phel"lo*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.)

Defn: The tissue of young cells which produces cork cells.

PHELLOPLASTICS
Phel`lo*plas"tics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Art of modeling in cork.

PHENACETIN; PHENACETINE
Phe*nac"e*tin, Phe*nac"e*tine, n.  [Phenyl + acetic + -in.] (Pharm.)

Defn: A white, crystalline compound, C10H13O2N, used in medicine
principally as an antipyretic.

PHENACITE
Phen"a*cite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A glassy colorless mineral occurring in rhombohedral crystals,
sometimes used as a gem. It is a silicate of glucina, and receives
its name from its deceptive similarity to quartz.

PHENAKISTOSCOPE
Phen`a*kis"to*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: A revolving disk on which figures drawn in different relative
attitudes are seen successively, so as to produce the appearance of
an object in actual motion, as an animal leaping, etc., in
consequence of the persistence of the successive visual impressions
of the retina. It is often arranged so that the figures may be
projected upon a screen.

PHENALGIN
Phe*nal"gin, n.  [Phenyl + analgetic + -in.] (Pharm.)

Defn: An ammoniated compound of phenyl and acetamide, used as an
analgesic and antipyretic. It resembles phenacetin in its therapeutic
action.

PHENANTHRENE
Phe*nan"threne, n. Etym: [Phenyl + antracene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A complex hydrocarbon, C14H10, found in coal tar, and obtained
as a white crystalline substance with a bluish fluorescence.

PHENANTHRIDINE
Phe*nan"thri*dine, n. Etym: [Phenanthrene + pyridine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous hydrocarbon base, C13H9N, analogous to
phenanthrene and quinoline.

PHENANTHROLINE
Phe*nan"thro*line, n. Etym: [Phenanthrene + quinoline.] (Chem.)

Defn: Either of two metameric nitrogenous hydrocarbon bases, C12H8N2,
analogous to phenanthridine, but more highly nitrogenized.

PHENE
Phene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Benzene. [Obs.]

PHENETOL
Phe"ne*tol, n. Etym: [Phenyl + ethyl + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: The ethyl ether of phenol, obtained as an aromatic liquid,
C6H5.O.C2H5.

PHENIC
Phe"nic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, phenyl or
phenol. Phenic acid (Chem.), a phenol. [Obsoles.]

PHENICIAN
Phe*ni"cian, a. & n.

Defn: See Phoenician.

PHENICINE
Phen"i*cine, n. Etym: [Gr. foi^nix purple red: cf. F. phénicine.]
(Chem.)
(a) A purple powder precipitated when a sulphuric solution of indigo
is diluted with water.
(b) A coloring matter produced by the action of a mixture of strong
nitric and sulphuric acids on phenylic alcohol. Watts.

PHENICIOUS
Phe*ni"cious, a. Etym: [L. phoeniceus, Gr. foini`keos, from

Defn: Of a red color with a slight mixture of gray. Dana.

PHENICOPTER
Phen`i*cop"ter, n. Etym: [L. phoenicopterus, Gr. foiniko`pteros,
i.e., red-feathered; foi^nix, foi`nikos, purple red + ptero`n
feather: cf. F. phénicoptère.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flamingo.

PHENIX
Phe"nix, n.; pl. Phenixes. Etym: [L. phoenix, Gr. foi^nix.] [Written
also phoenix.]

1. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: A bird fabled to exist single, to be consumed by fire by its
own act, and to rise again from its ashes. Hence, an emblem of
immortality.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A southern constellation.

3. A marvelous person or thing. [R.] Latimer.

PHENOCRYST
Phe"no*cryst, n. [Gr.  to appear +  crystal.] (Geol.)

Defn: One of the prominent embedded crystals of a porphyry.

PHENOGAMIA
Phen`o*ga"mi*a, n. pl. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Phænogamia.

PHENOGAMIAN; PHENOGAMIC; PHENOGAMOUS
Phen`o*ga"mi*an, Phen`o*gam"ic, Phe*nog"a*mous, a.

Defn: Same as Phænogamian, Phænogamic, etc.

PHENOL
Phe"nol, n. Etym: [Gr. -ol: cf. F. phénol.] (Chem.)

1. A white or pinkish crystalline substance, C6H5OH, produced by the
destructive distillation of many organic bodies, as wood, coal, etc.,
and obtained from the heavy oil from coal tar.

Note: It has a peculiar odor, somewhat resembling creosote, which is
a complex mixture of phenol derivatives. It is of the type of
alcohols, and is called also phenyl alcohol, but has acid properties,
and hence is popularly called carbolic acid, and was formerly called
phenic acid. It is a powerful caustic poison, and in dilute solution
has been used as an antiseptic.

2. Any one of the series of hydroxyl derivatives of which phenol
proper is the type. Glacial phenol (Chem.), pure crystallized phenol
or carbolic acid.
 -- Phenol acid (Chem.), any one of a series of compounds which are
at once derivatives of both phenol and some member of the fatty acid
series; thus, salicylic acid is a phenol acid.
 -- Phenol alcohol (Chem.), any one of series of derivatives of
phenol and carbinol which have the properties of both combined; thus,
saligenin is a phenol alcohol.
 -- Phenol aldehyde (Chem.), any one of a series of compounds having
both phenol and aldehyde properties.
 -- Phenol phthalein. See under Phthalein.

PHENOLATE
Phe"no*late, n. Etym: [Phenol + -ate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of phenol analogous to a salt.

PHENOLOGY
Phe*nol"o*gy, n. [Contracted from Phenomenology.] (Biol.)

Defn: The science of the relations between climate and periodic
biological phenomena, as the migrations and breeding of birds, the
flowering and fruiting of plants, etc. -- Phe`no*log"ic*al (#), a. --
Phe`no*log"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Phe*nol"o*gist (#), n.

PHENOLPHTHALEIN; PHENOL PHTHALEIN
Phe`nol*phthal"e*in, n., or Phenol phthalein. (Chem.)

Defn: A white or yellowish white crystalline substance, C20H14O4,
formed by condensation of the anhydride of phthalic acid and phenol.
Its solution in alkalies is brilliant red, but is decolorized by
acids. This reaction, being very delicate, is used as an indicator.

PHENOMENAL
Phe*nom"e*nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phénoménal.]

Defn: Relating to, or of the nature of, a phenomenon; hence,
extraordinary; wonderful; as, a phenomenal memory.
 -- Phe*nom"e*nal*ly, adv.

PHENOMENALISM
Phe*nom"e*nal*ism, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: That theory which limits positive or scientific knowledge to
phenomena only, whether material or spiritual.

PHENOMENIST
Phe*nom"e*nist, n.

Defn: One who believes in the theory of phenomenalism.

PHENOMENOLOGY
Phe*nom`e*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Phenomenon + -logy: cf. F.
phénoménologie.]

Defn: A description, history, or explanation of phenomena. "The
phenomenology of the mind." Sir W. Hamilton.

PHENOMENON
Phe*nom"e*non, n.; pl. Phenomena. Etym: [L. phaenomenon, Gr.
faino`menon, fr. fai`nesqai to appear, fai`nein to show. See
Phantom.]

1. An appearance; anything visible; whatever, in matter or spirit, is
apparent to, or is apprehended by, observation; as, the phenomena of
heat, light, or electricity; phenomena of imagination or memory.
In the phenomena of the material world, and in many of the phenomena
of mind. Stewart.

2. That which strikes one as strange, unusual, or unaccountable; an
extraordinary or very remarkable person, thing, or occurrence; as, a
musical phenomenon.

PHENOSE
Phe"nose`, n. Etym: [Phenyl + dextrose.] (Chem.)

Defn: A sweet amorphous deliquescent substance obtained indirectly
from benzene, and isometric with, and resembling, dextrose.

PHENYL
Phe"nyl, n. Etym: [Gr. -yl: cf. F. phényle. So called because it is a
by-product of illuminating gas.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon radical (C6H5) regarded as the essential residue
of benzene, and the basis of an immense number of aromatic
derivatives. Phenyl hydrate (Chem.), phenol or carbolic acid.
 -- Phenyl hydrazine (Chem.), a nitrogenous base (C6H5.N2H3) produced
artificially as a colorless oil which unites with acids, ketones,
etc., to form well-crystallized compounds.

PHENYLAMINE
Phe`nyl*am"ine, n. Etym: [Phenyl + amine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of certain class of organic bases regarded as formed
from ammonia by the substitution of phenyl for hydrogen.

PHENYLENE
Phe"nyl*ene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetic radical (C6H4) occurring in certain derivatives of
benzene; as, phenylene diamine.

PHENYLIC
Phe*nyl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, phenyl. Phenylic
alcohol (Chem.), phenol.

PHEON
Phe"on, n. Etym: [Prob. from Old French.] (Her.)

Defn: A bearing representing the head of a dart or javelin, with long
barbs which are engrailed on the inner edge.

PHIAL
Phi"al, n. Etym: [F. fiole, L. phiala a broad, flat, shallow cup or
bowl, Gr. Vial.]

Defn: A glass vessel or bottle, especially a small bottle for
medicines; a vial.

PHIAL
Phi"al, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phialed; p. pr. & vb. n. Phialing.]

Defn: To put or keep in, or as in, a phial.
Its phial'd wrath may fate exhaust. Shenstone.

PHILABEG
Phil"a*beg, n.

Defn: See Filibeg.

PHILADELPHIAN
Phil`a*del"phi*an, a. Etym: [Gr. filadelfia brotherly love, from
fila`delfos brotherly; fi`los loved, loving, friendly + 'adelfo`s
brother.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Ptolemy Philadelphus, or to one of the
cities named Philadelphia, esp. the modern city in Pennsylvania.

PHILADELPHIAN
Phil`a*del"phi*an, n.

1. A native or an inhabitant of Philadelphia.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a society of mystics of the seventeenth century, --
called also the Family of Love. Tatler.

PHILALETHIST
Phil`a*le"thist, n. Etym: [Philo- + Gr.

Defn: A lover of the truth. [Obs.] Brathwait.

PHILANDER
Phi*lan"der, v. i. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To make love to women; to play the male flirt.
You can't go philandering after her again. G. Eliot.

PHILANDER
Phi*lan"der, n.

Defn: A lover. [R.] Congreve.

PHILANDER
Phi*lan"der, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A South American opossum (Didelphys philander).
(b) An Australian bandicoot (Perameles lagotis).

PHILANDERER
Phi*lan"der*er, n.

Defn: One who hangs about women; a male flirt. [R.] C. Kingsley.

PHILANTHROPE
Phil"an*thrope, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A philanthropist. [Obs.] R. North.

PHILANTHROPIC; PHILANTHROPICAL
Phil`an*throp"ic, Phil`an*throp"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
philanthropique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to philanthropy; characterized by
philanthropy; loving or helping mankind; as, a philanthropic
enterprise.
 -- Phil`an*throp"ic*al*ly, adv.

PHILANTHROPINISM
Phil`an*throp"i*nism, n.

Defn: A system of education on so-called natural principles,
attempted in Germany in the last century by Basedow, of Dessau.

PHILANTHROPINIST
Phil`an*throp"i*nist, n.

Defn: An advocate of, or believer in, philanthropinism.

PHILANTHROPIST
Phi*lan"thro*pist, n. Etym: [Gr. philanthrope.]

Defn: One who practices philanthropy; one who loves mankind, and
seeks to promote the good of others.

PHILANTHROPISTIC
Phi*lan`thro*pis"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characteristic of, a philanthropist. [R.]
Carlyle.

PHILANTHROPY
Phi*lan"thro*py, n. Etym: [L. philanthropia, Gr. philanthropie.]

Defn: Love to mankind; benevolence toward the whole human family;
universal good will; desire and readiness to do good to all men; --
opposed to misanthropy. Jer. Taylor.

PHILATELIC
Phil`a*tel"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to philately.

PHILATELIST
Phi*lat"e*list, n.

Defn: One versed in philately; one who collects postage stamps.

PHILATELY
Phi*lat"e*ly, n. Etym: [Philo- + Gr. frank to send free.]

Defn: The collection of postage stamps of various issues.

PHILATHEA
Phi*la"the*a, n. [Coined from Gr.  loving +  truth.]

Defn: An international, interdenominational organization of Bible
classes of young women.

PHILATORY
Phil"a*to*ry, n. Etym: [OF. filatiere, philatiere. See Phylactery.]
(Eccl.)

Defn: A kind of transparent reliquary with an ornamental top.

PHILAUTY
Phil"au*ty, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Self-love; selfishness. [Obs.] Beaumont.

PHILHARMONIC
Phil`har*mon"ic, a. Etym: [Philo- + Gr. philharmonique.]

Defn: Loving harmony or music.

PHILHELLENE
Phil*hel"lene, n.

Defn: A friend of Greece, or of the Greeks; a philhellenist. Emerson.

PHILHELLENIC
Phil`hel*len"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to philhellenism.

PHILHELLENISM
Phil*hel"len*ism, n.

Defn: Love of Greece.

PHILHELLENIST
Phil*hel"len*ist, n. Etym: [Philo- + Gr. philhellène.]

Defn: A friend of Greece; one who supports the cause of the Greeks;
particularly, one who supported them in their struggle for
independence against the Turks; a philhellene.

PHILIBEG
Phil"i*beg, n.

Defn: See Filibeg. [Scot.]

PHILIP
Phil"ip, n. Etym: [So called from their notes.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The European hedge sparrow.
(b) The house sparrow. Called also phip. [Prov. Eng.]

PHILIPPIAN
Phi*lip"pi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Philippi, a city of ancient Macedonia.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Philippi.

PHILIPPIC
Phi*lip"pic, n. Etym: [L. Philippicus belonging to Philip, Philippic,
Gr. philippique.]

1. Any one of the series of famous orations of Demosthenes, the
Grecian orator, denouncing Philip, king of Macedon.

2. Hence: Any discourse or declamation abounding in acrimonious
invective.

PHILIPPIUM
Phi*lip"pi*um, n. Etym: [NL. So named from Philippe Plantamour, of
Geneva, Switzerland.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare and doubtful metallic element said to have been
discovered in the mineral samarskite.

PHILIPPIZE
Phil"ip*pize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Philippized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Philippizing.] Etym: [Gr.

1. To support or advocate the cause of Philip of Macedon.

2. Etym: [See Philippic.]

Defn: To write or speak in the style of a philippic.

PHILISTER
Phi*lis"ter, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: A Philistine; -- a cant name given to townsmen by students in
German universities.

PHILISTINE
Phi*lis"tine, n. Etym: [L. Philistinus, Heb. Phlishthi, pl.
Phlishthim.]

1. A native or an inhabitant of ancient Philistia, a coast region of
southern Palestine.

2. A bailiff. [Cant, Eng.] [Obs.] Swift.

3. A person deficient in liberal culture and refinement; one without
appreciation of the nobler aspirations and sentiments of humanity;
one whose scope is limited to selfish and material interests.
[Recent] M. Arnold.

PHILISTINE
Phi*lis"tine, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the Philistines.

2. Uncultured; commonplace.

PHILISTINISM
Phi*lis"tin*ism, n.

Defn: The condition, character, aims, and habits of the class called
Philistines. See Philistine, 3. [Recent] Carlyle.
On the side of beauty and taste, vulgarity; on the side of morals and
feeling, coarseness; on the side of mind and spirit, unintelligence,
-- this is Philistinism. M. Arnold.

PHILLIPSITE
Phil"lips*ite, n. Etym: [So named after John Phillips, an English
mineralogist.] (Min.)
(a) A hydrous silicate of aluminia, lime, and soda, a zeolitic
mineral commonly occurring in complex twin crystals, often cruciform
in shape; -- called also christianite.

PHILLYGENIN
Phil*lyg"e*nin, n. Etym: [Phillyrin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.)

Defn: A pearly crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of
phillyrin.

PHILLYREA
Phil*lyr"e*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of evergreen plants growing along the shores of the
Mediterranean, and breading a fruit resembling that of the olive.

PHILLYRIN
Phil"ly*rin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside extracted from Phillyrea as a bitter white
crystalline substance. It is sometimes used as a febrifuge.

PHILO-
Philo-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. fi`los loving, fond of, attached to;
as, philosophy, philotechnic.

PHILOGYNIST
Phi*log"y*nist, n. Etym: [See Philogyny.]

Defn: A lover or friend of women; one who esteems woman as the higher
type of humanity; -- opposed to Ant: misogynist.

PHILOGYNY
Phi*log"y*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Fondness for women; uxoriousness; -- opposed to Ant: misogyny.
[R.] Byron.

PHILOHELLENIAN
Phil`o*hel*le"ni*an, n.

Defn: A philhellenist.

PHILOLOGER
Phi*lol"o*ger, n. Etym: [Cf. L. philologus a man of letters, Gr.

Defn: A philologist. Burton.

PHILOLOGIAN
Phil`o*lo"gi*an, n.

Defn: A philologist. [R.]

PHILOLOGICAL; PHILOLOGIC
Phil`o*log"ic*al, Phil`o*log"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. philologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to philology.
 -- Phil`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

PHILOLOGIST
Phi*lol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in philology.

PHILOLOGIZE
Phi*lol"o*gize, v. i.

Defn: To study, or make critical comments on, language. Evelyn.

PHILOLOGUE
Phil"o*logue, n. Etym: [Cf. F. philologue.]

Defn: A philologist. [R.] Carlyle.

PHILOLOGY
Phi*lol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. philologia love of learning,
interpretation, philology, Gr. philologie. See Philologer.]

1. Criticism; grammatical learning. [R.] Johnson.

2. The study of language, especially in a philosophical manner and as
a science; the investigation of the laws of human speech, the
relation of different tongues to one another, and historical
development of languages; linguistic science.

Note: Philology comprehends a knowledge of the etymology, or origin
and combination of words; grammar, the construction of sentences, or
use of words in language; criticism, the interpretation of authors,
the affinities of different languages, and whatever relates to the
history or present state of languages. It sometimes includes
rhetoric, poetry, history, and antiquities.

3. A treatise on the science of language.

PHILOMATH
Phil"o*math, n. Etym: [Gr. fi`los loving, a friend + ma`qh learning,
fr.

Defn: A lover of learning; a scholar. Chesterfield.

PHILOMATHEMATIC
Phil`o*math`e*mat"ic, n.

Defn: A philomath.

PHILOMATHIC
Phil`o*math"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. philomathique.]

1. Of or pertaining to philomathy.

2. Having love of learning or letters.

PHILOMATHY
Phi*lom"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The love of learning or letters.

PHILOMEL
Phil"o*mel, n.

Defn: Same as Philomela, the nightingale. [Poetic] Milton. Cowper.

PHILOMELA
Phil`o*me"la, n. Etym: [L. philomela, Gr.

1. The nightingale; philomel. Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds including the nightingales.

PHILOMENE
Phil"o*mene, n.

Defn: The nightingale. [Obs.]

PHILOMOT
Phil"o*mot, a. Etym: [See Filemot.]

Defn: Of the color of a dead leaf. [Obs.] Addison.

PHILOMUSICAL
Phil`o*mu"sic*al, a. Etym: [Philo- + musical.]

Defn: Loving music. [R.]Busby.

PHILOPENA
Phil`o*pe"na, n. Etym: [Probably a corruption fr. G. vielliebchen,
LG. vielliebken, or D. veelliebken, a philopena, literally, much
loved; but influenced by Gr. poena penalty, from an idea that the
gift was a penalty of friendship or love.]

Defn: A present or gift which is made as a forfeit in a social game
that is played in various ways; also, the game itself. [Written also
fillipeen and phillippine.]

Note: One of the ways may be stated as follows: A person finding a
nut with two kernels eats one, and gives the other to a person of the
opposite sex, and then whichever says philopena first at the next
meeting wins the present. The name is also applied to the kernels
eaten.

PHILOPOLEMIC; PHILOPOLEMICAL
Phil`o*po*lem"ic, Phil`o*po*lem"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Fond of polemics or controversy. [R.]

PHILOPROGENITIVE
Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive, a.

Defn: Having the love of offspring; fond of children.

PHILOPROGENITIVENESS
Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive*ness, n. Etym: [Philo- + L. progenies
offspring.] (Phren.)

Defn: The love of offspring; fondness for children.

PHILOSOPHASTER
Phi*los"o*phas`ter, n. Etym: [L., a bad philosopher, fr. philosophus:
cf. OF. philosophastre.]

Defn: A pretender to philosophy. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

PHILOSOPHATE
Phi*los"o*phate, v. i. Etym: [L. philosophatus, p.p. of philosophari
to philosophize.]

Defn: To play the philosopher; to moralize. [Obs.] Barrow.

PHILOSOPHATION
Phi*los`o*pha"tion, n.

Defn: Philosophical speculation and discussion. [Obs.] Sir W. Petty.

PHILOSOPHE
Phil"o*sophe, n. Etym: [F., a philosopher.]

Defn: A philosophaster; a philosopher. [R.] Carlyle.

PHILOSOPHEME
Phi*los"o*pheme, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A philosophical proposition, doctrine, or principle of
reasoning. [R.]
This, the most venerable, and perhaps the most ancient, of Grecian
myths, is a philosopheme. Coleridge.

PHILOSOPHER
Phi*los"o*pher, n. Etym: [OE. philosophre, F. philosophe, L.
philosophus, Gr. Philosophy.]

1. One who philosophizes; one versed in, or devoted to, philosophy.
Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoics,
encountered him. Acts xvii. 18.

2. One who reduces the principles of philosophy to practice in the
conduct of life; one who lives according to the rules of practical
wisdom; one who meets or regards all vicissitudes with calmness.

3. An alchemist. [Obs.] Chaucer. Philosopher's stone, an imaginary
stone which the alchemists formerly sought as instrument of
converting the baser metals into gold.

PHILOSOPHIC; PHILOSOPHICAL
Phil`o*soph"ic, Phil`o*soph"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. philosophicus: cf. F.
philosophique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to philosophy; versed in, or imbued with, the
principles of philosophy; hence, characterizing a philosopher;
rational; wise; temperate; calm; cool.
 -- Phil`o*soph"ic*al*ly, adv.

PHILOSOPHISM
Phi*los"o*phism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. philosophisme.]

Defn: Spurious philosophy; the love or practice of sophistry.
Carlyle.

PHILOSOPHIST
Phi*los"o*phist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. philosophiste.]

Defn: A pretender in philosophy.

PHILOSOPHISTIC; PHILOSOPHISTICAL
Phi*los`o*phis"tic, Phi*los`o*phis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the love or practice of sophistry. [R.]

PHILOSOPHIZE
Phi*los"o*phize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Philosophized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Philosophizing.]

Defn: To reason like a philosopher; to search into the reason and
nature of things; to investigate phenomena, and assign rational
causes for their existence.
Man philosophizes as he lives. He may philosophize well or ill, but
philosophize he must. Sir W. Hamilton.

PHILOSOPHIZER
Phi*los"o*phi`zer, n.

Defn: One who philosophizes.

PHILOSOPHY
Phi*los"o*phy, n.; pl. Philosophies. Etym: [OE. philosophie, F.
philosophie, L. philosophia, from Gr. Philosopher.]

1. Literally, the love of, including the search after, wisdom; in
actual usage, the knowledge of phenomena as explained by, and
resolved into, causes and reasons, powers and laws.

Note: When applied to any particular department of knowledge,
philosophy denotes the general laws or principles under which all the
subordinate phenomena or facts relating to that subject are
comprehended. Thus philosophy, when applied to God and the divine
government, is called theology; when applied to material objects, it
is called physics; when it treats of man, it is called anthropology
and psychology, with which are connected logic and ethics; when it
treats of the necessary conceptions and relations by which philosophy
is possible, it is called metaphysics.

Note: "Philosophy has been defined: tionscience of things divine and
human, and the causes in which they are contained; -- the science of
effects by their causes; -- the science of sufficient reasons; -- the
science of things possible, inasmuch as they are possible; -- the
science of things evidently deduced from first principles; -- the
science of truths sensible and abstract; -- the application of reason
to its legitimate objects; -- the science of the relations of all
knowledge to the necessary ends of human reason; -- the science of
the original form of the ego, or mental self; -- the science of
science; -- the science of the absolute; -- the scienceof the
absolute indifference of the ideal and real." Sir W. Hamilton.

2. A particular philosophical system or theory; the hypothesis by
which particular phenomena are explained.
[Books] of Aristotle and his philosophie. Chaucer.
We shall in vain interpret their words by the notions of our
philosophy and the doctrines in our school. Locke.

3. Practical wisdom; calmness of temper and judgment; equanimity;
fortitude; stoicism; as, to meet misfortune with philosophy.
Then had he spent all his philosophy. Chaucer.

4. Reasoning; argumentation.
Of good and evil much they argued then, . . . Vain wisdom all, and
false philosophy. Milton.

5. The course of sciences read in the schools. Johnson.

6. A treatise on philosophy. Philosophy of the Academy, that of
Plato, who taught his disciples in a grove in Athens called the
Academy.
 -- Philosophy of the Garden, that of Epicurus, who taught in a
garden in Athens.
 -- Philosophy of the Lyceum, that of Aristotle, the founder of the
Peripatetic school, who delivered his lectures in the Lyceum at
Athens.
 -- Philosophy of the Porch, that of Zeno and the Stoics; -- so
called because Zeno of Citium and his successors taught in the porch
of the Poicile, a great hall in Athens.

PHILOSTORGY
Phil`o*stor"gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Natural affection, as of parents for their children. [R.]

PHILOTECHNIC; PHILOTECHNICAL
Phil`o*tech"nic, Phil`o*tech"nic*al, a. Etym: [Philo- + Gr.
philotechnique.]

Defn: Fond of the arts. [R.]

PHILTER
Phil"ter, n. Etym: [F. philtre, L. philtrum, Gr.

Defn: A potion or charm intended to excite the passion of love.
[Written also philtre.] Addison.

PHILTER
Phil"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Philtered; p. pr. & vb. n. Philtering.]

1. To impregnate or mix with a love potion; as, to philter a draught.

2. To charm to love; to excite to love or sexual desire by a potion.
Gov. of Tongue.

PHIMOSIS
Phi*mo"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A condition of the penis in which the prepuce can not be drawn
back so as to uncover the glans penis.

PHITONESS
Phi"ton*ess, n.

Defn: Pythoness; witch. [Obs.]

PHIZ
Phiz, n.; pl. Phizes. Etym: [Contr. fr. physiognomy.]

Defn: The face or visage. [Colloq.] Cowper.

PHLEBITIS
Phle*bi"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of a vein.

PHLEBOGRAM
Phleb"o*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. -gram.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A tracing (with the sphygmograph) of the movements of a vein,
or of the venous pulse.

PHLEBOLITE; PHLEBOLITH
Phleb"o*lite, Phleb"o*lith, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite, -lith.] (Med.)

Defn: A small calcareous concretion formed in a vein; a vein stone.

PHLEBOLOGY
Phle*bol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A branch of anatomy which treats of the veins.

PHLEBOTOMIST
Phle*bot"o*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. phlébotomiste.] (Med.)

Defn: One who practiced phlebotomy.

PHLEBOTOMIZE
Phle*bot"o*mize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phlebotomized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Phlebotomizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. phlébotomiser.]

Defn: To let blood from by opening a vein; to bleed. [R.] Howell.

PHLEBOTOMY
Phle*bot"o*my, n. Etym: [L. phlebotomia, Gr. phlébotomie. Cf. Fleam.]
(Med.)

Defn: The act or practice of opening a vein for letting blood, in the
treatment of disease; venesection; bloodletting.

PHLEGETHON
Phleg"e*thon, n. [L., fr. Gr. , prop. p.pr. of  to blaze.] (Class
Myth.)

Defn: One of the principal rivers of Hades, in the channel of which
fire flowed instead of water.

Fierce Phlegethon,
Whose waves of torrent fire inflame with rage.
Milton.

PHLEGM
Phlegm, n. Etym: [F. phlegme, flegme, L. phlegma, fr. Gr. Phlox,
Flagrant, Flame, Bleak, a., and Fluminate.]

1. One of the four humors of which the ancients supposed the blood to
be composed. See Humor. Arbuthnot.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Viscid mucus secreted in abnormal quantity in the respiratory
and digestive passages.

3. (Old Chem.)

Defn: A watery distilled liquor, in distinction from a spirituous
liquor. Crabb.

4. Sluggishness of temperament; dullness; want of interest;
indifference; coldness.
They judge with fury, but they write with phlegm. Pope.

PHLEGMAGOGUE
Phleg"ma*gogue, n. Etym: [Gr. (Old Med.)

Defn: A medicine supposed to expel phlegm.

PHLEGMASIA
Phleg*ma"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. Phlegm.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammation; more particularly, an inflammation of the
internal organs. Phlegmasia dolens ( Etym: [NL.], milk leg.

PHLEGMATIC
Phleg*mat"ic, a. Etym: [L. phlegmaticus, Gr. phlegmatique.]

1. Watery. [Obs.] "Aqueous and phlegmatic." Sir I. Newton.

2. Abounding in phlegm; as, phlegmatic humors; a phlegmatic
constitution. Harvey.

3. Generating or causing phlegm. "Cold and phlegmatic habitations."
Sir T. Browne.

4. Not easily excited to action or passion; cold; dull; sluggish;
heavy; as, a phlegmatic person. Addison. Phlegmatic temperament (Old
Physiol.), lymphatic temperament. See under Lymphatic.

PHLEGMATICAL
Phleg*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Phlegmatic. Ash.

PHLEGMATICALLY
Phleg*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a phlegmatic manner.

PHLEGMATICLY
Phleg*mat"ic*ly, a.

Defn: Phlegmatically. [Obs.]

PHLEGMON
Phleg"mon, n. Etym: [L. phlegmone, phlegmon, inflammation beneath the
skin, Gr. phlegmon.] (Med.)

Defn: Purulent inflammation of the cellular or areolar tissue.

PHLEGMONOUS
Phleg"mon*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phlegmoneux.]

Defn: Having the nature or properties of phlegmon; as, phlegmonous
pneumonia. Harvey.

PHLEME
Phleme, n. (Surg. & Far.)

Defn: See Fleam.

PHLEUM
Phle"um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of grasses, including the timothy (Phleum pratense),
which is highly valued for hay; cat's-tail grass. Gray.

PHLOEM
Phlo"ëm, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: That portion of fibrovascular bundles which corresponds to the
inner bark; the liber tissue; -- distinguished from xylem.

PHLOGISTIAN
Phlo*gis"tian, n.

Defn: A believer in the existence of phlogiston.

PHLOGISTIC
Phlo*gis"tic, a.

1. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to phlogiston, or to belief in its existence.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Inflammatory; belonging to inflammations and fevers.

PHLOGISTICAL
Phlo*gis"tic*al, a. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Phlogistic.

PHLOGISTICATE
Phlo*gis"ti*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phlogisticated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Phlogisticating.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: To combine phlogiston with; -- usually in the form and sense of
the p. p. or the adj.; as, highly phlogisticated substances.

PHLOGISTICATION
Phlo*gis`ti*ca"tion, n. (Old Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of combining with phlogiston.

PHLOGISTON
Phlo*gis"ton, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Phlox.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical principle of fire, or inflammability, regarded
by Stahl as a chemical element.

Note: This was supposed to be united with combustible
(phlogisticated) bodies and to be separated from incombustible
(dephlogisticated) bodies, the phenomena of flame and burning being
the escape of phlogiston. Soot and sulphur were regarded as nearly
pure phlogiston. The essential principle of this theory was, that
combustion was a decomposition rather than the union and combination
which it has since been shown to be.

PHLOGOGENOUS
Phlo*gog"e*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. -genous.] (Med.)

Defn: Causing inflammation.

PHLOGOPITE
Phlog"o*pite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A kind of mica having generally a peculiar bronze-red or
copperlike color and a pearly luster. It is a silicate of aluminia,
with magnesia, potash, and some fluorine. It is characteristic of
crystalline limestone or dolomite and serpentine. See Mica.

PHLOGOSIS
Phlo*go"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of external parts of the body; erysipelatous
inflammation.

PHLOGOTIC
Phlo*got"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to phlogisis.

PHLORAMINE
Phlo*ram"ine, n. Etym: [Phlorlucin + amine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A basic amido derivative of phloroglucin, having an astringent
taste.

PHLORETIC
Phlo*ret"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, or designating, an organic acid
obtained by the decomposition of phloretin.

PHLORETIN
Phlor"e*tin, n. Etym: [From Phlorizin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter white crystalline substance obtained by the
decomposition of phlorizin, and formerly used to some extent as a
substitute for quinine.

PHLORIZIN
Phlor"i*zin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter white crystalline glucoside extracted from the root
bark of the apple, pear, cherry, plum, etc. [Formerly also written
phloridzin.]

PHLOROGLUCIN
Phlor`o*glu"cin, n. Etym: [Phloretin + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A sweet white crystalline substance, metameric with pyrogallol,
and obtained by the decomposition of phloretin, and from certain
gums, as catechu, kino, etc. It belongs to the class of phenols.
[Called also phloroglucinol.]

PHLOROL
Phlo"rol, n. Etym: [Phloretic + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid metameric with xylenol, belonging to the class of
phenols, and obtained by distilling certain salts of phloretic acid.

PHLORONE
Phlo"rone, n. Etym: [Phlorol + quinone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance having a peculiar unpleasant
odor, resembling the quinones, and obtained from beechwood tar and
coal tar, as also by the oxidation of xylidine; -- called also
xyloquinone.

PHLOX
Phlox, n. Etym: [L., a kind of flower, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of American herbs, having showy red, white, or purple
flowers. Phlox worm (Zoöl.), the larva of an American moth (Heliothis
phloxiphaga). It is destructive to phloxes.
 -- Phlox subulata, the moss pink. See under Moss.

PHLYCTENULAR
Phlyc*ten"u*lar, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Characterized by the presence of small pustules, or whitish
elevations resembling pustules; as, phlyctenular ophthalmia.

PHOCA
Pho"ca, n. Etym: [L., a seal, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of seals. It includes the common harbor seal and allied
species. See Seal.

PHOCACEAN
Pho*ca"cean, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Phoca; a seal.

PHOCAL
Pho"cal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to seals.

PHOCENIC
Pho*cen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to dolphin oil or porpoise oil; -- said of an
acid (called also delphinic acid) subsequently found to be identical
with valeric acid. Watts.

PHOCENIN
Pho*ce"nin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. phocénine.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Delphin.

PHOCINE
Pho"cine, a. Etym: [L. phoca a seal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the seal tribe; phocal.

PHOCODONT
Pho"co*dont, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Phocodontia.

PHOCODONTIA
Pho`co*don"ti*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of extinct carnivorous whales. Their teeth had
compressed and serrated crowns. It includes Squalodon and allied
genera.

PHOEBE
Phoe"be, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pewee, or pewit.

PHOEBUS
Phoe"bus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: Apollo; the sun god.

2. The sun. "Phoebus 'gins arise." Shak.

PHOENICIAN
Phoe*ni"cian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Phoenica.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Phoenica.

PHOENICIOUS
Phoe*ni"cious, a.

Defn: See Phenicious.

PHOENICOPTERUS
Phoe`ni*cop"te*rus, n. Etym: [NL. See Phenicopter.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds which includes the flamingoes.

PHOENIX
Phoe"nix, n. Etym: [L., a fabulous bird. See Phenix.]

1. Same as Phenix. Shak.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of palms including the date tree.

PHOLAD
Pho"lad, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Pholas.

PHOLADEAN
Pho*la"de*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pholad.

PHOLAS
Pho"las, n.; pl. Pholades. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine bivalve mollusks of the
genus Pholas, or family Pholadidæ. They bore holes for themselves in
clay, peat, and soft rocks.

PHONAL
Pho"nal, a.Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or relating to the voice; as, phonal structure. Max Müller.

PHONASCETICS
Pho`nas*cet"ics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Treatment for restoring or improving the voice.

PHONATION
Pho*na"tion, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The act or process by which articulate sounds are uttered; the
utterance of articulate sounds; articulate speech.

PHONAUTOGRAPH
Pho*nau"to*graph, n. Etym: [Phono- + Gr. -graph.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument by means of which a sound can be made to produce
a visible trace or record of itself. It consists essentially of a
resonant vessel, usually of paraboloidal form, closed at one end by a
flexible membrane. A stylus attached to some point of the membrane
records the movements of the latter, as it vibrates, upon a moving
cylinder or plate.

PHONE
Phone, n. & v. t.

Defn: Colloq. for Telephone.

PHONEIDOSCOPE
Pho*nei"do*scope, n. Etym: [Phono- + Gr. -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for studying the motions of sounding bodies by
optical means. It consists of a tube across the end of which is
stretched a film of soap solution thin enough to give colored bands,
the form and position of which are affected by sonorous vibrations.

PHONETIC
Pho*net"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. phonétique. See Ban a proclamation.]

1. Of or pertaining to the voice, or its use.

2. Representing sounds; as, phonetic characters; -- opposed to
ideographic; as, a phonetic notation. Phonetic spelling, spelling in
phonetic characters, each representing one sound only; -- contrasted
with Romanic spelling, or that by the use of the Roman alphabet.

PHONETICALLY
Pho*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a phonetic manner.

PHONETICIAN
Pho`ne*ti"cian, n.

Defn: One versed in phonetics; a phonetist.

PHONETICS
Pho*net"ics, n.

1. The doctrine or science of sounds; especially those of the human
voice; phonology.

2. The art of representing vocal sounds by signs and written
characters.

PHONETISM
Pho"ne*tism, n.

Defn: The science which treats of vocal sounds. J. Peile.

PHONETIST
Pho"ne*tist, n.

1. One versed in phonetics; a phonologist.

2. One who advocates a phonetic spelling.

PHONETIZATION
Pho`ne*ti*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act, art, or process of representing sounds by phonetic
signs.

PHONETIZE
Pho"ne*tize, v. t.

Defn: To represent by phonetic signs. Lowell.

PHONIC
Phon"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. phonique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to sound; of the nature of sound; acoustic.
Tyndall.

PHONICS
Phon"ics, n.

Defn: See Phonetics.

PHONO-
Pho"no-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. sound, tone; as, phonograph,
phonology.

PHONO
Phono, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American butterfly (Ithonia phono) having nearly
transparent wings.

PHONOCAMPTIC
Pho`no*camp"tic, a. Etym: [Phono- + Gr. phonocamptique.]

Defn: Reflecting sound. [R.] "Phonocamptic objects." Derham.

PHONOGRAM
Pho"no*gram, n. Etym: [Phono- + -gram.]

1. A letter, character, or mark used to represent a particular sound.
Phonograms are of three kinds: (1) Verbal signs, which stand for
entire words; (2) Syllabic signs, which stand for the articulations
of which words are composed; (3) Alphabetic signs, or letters, which
represent the elementary sounds into which the syllable can be
resolved. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

2. A record of sounds made by a phonograph.

PHONOGRAPH
Pho"no*graph, n. Etym: [Phono- + -graph.]

1. A character or symbol used to represent a sound, esp. one used in
phonography.

2. (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for the mechanical registration and reproduction
of audible sounds, as articulate speech, etc. It consists of a
rotating cylinder or disk covered with some material easily indented,
as tinfoil, wax, paraffin, etc., above which is a thin plate carrying
a stylus. As the plate vibrates under the influence of a sound, the
stylus makes minute indentations or undulations in the soft material,
and these, when the cylinder or disk is again turned, set the plate
in vibration, and reproduce the sound.

PHONOGRAPHER
Pho*nog"ra*pher, n.

1. One versed or skilled in phonography.

2. One who uses, or is skilled in the use of, the phonograph. See
Phonograph, 2.

PHONOGRAPHIC; PHONOGRAPHICAL
Pho`no*graph"ic, Pho`no*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
phonographique.]

1. Of or pertaining to phonography; based upon phonography.

2. Of or pertaining to phonograph; done by the phonograph.

PHONOGRAPHICALLY
Pho`no*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a phonographic manner; by means of phonograph.

PHONOGRAPHIST
Pho*nog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: Phonographer.

PHONOGRAPHY
Pho*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Phono- + -graphy.]

1. A description of the laws of the human voice, or sounds uttered by
the organs of speech.

2. A representation of sounds by distinctive characters; commonly, a
system of shorthand writing invented by Isaac Pitman, or a
modification of his system, much used by reporters.

Note: The consonants are represented by straight lines and curves;
the vowels by dots and short dashes; but by skilled phonographers, in
rapid work, most vowel marks are omitted, and brief symbols for
common words and combinations of words are extensively employed. The
following line is an example of phonography, in which all the sounds
are indicated: --
They also serve who only stand and wait. Milton.

3. The art of constructing, or using, the phonograph.

PHONOLITE
Pho"no*lite, n. Etym: [Phono- + -lite: cf. F. phonolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A compact, feldspathic, igneous rock containing nephelite,
haüynite, etc. Thin slabs give a ringing sound when struck; -- called
also clinkstone.

PHONOLOGER
Pho*nol"o*ger, n.

Defn: A phonologist.

PHONOLOGIC; PHONOLOGICAL
Pho`no*log"ic, Pho`no*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to phonology.

PHONOLOGIST
Pho*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in phonology.

PHONOLOGY
Pho*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Phono- + -logy.]

Defn: The science or doctrine of the elementary sounds uttered by the
human voice in speech, including the various distinctions,
modifications, and combinations of tones; phonetics. Also, a treatise
on sounds.

PHONOMETER
Pho*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Phono- + -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring sounds, as to their intensity, or
the frequency of the vibrations.

PHONOMOTOR
Pho`no*mo"tor, n. Etym: [Phono- + -motor.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument in which motion is produced by the vibrations of
a sounding body.

PHONORGANON
Pho*nor"ga*non, n. Etym: [NL. See Phono-, and Organon.]

Defn: A speaking machine.

PHONOSCOPE
Pho"no*scope, n. Etym: [Phono- + -scope.] (Physics)
(a) An instrument for observing or exhibiting the motions or
properties of sounding bodies; especially, an apparatus invented by
König for testing the quality of musical strings.
(b) An instrument for producing luminous figures by the vibrations of
sounding bodies.

PHONOTYPE
Pho"no*type, n. Etym: [Phono- + -type.]

Defn: A type or character used in phonotypy.

PHONOTYPIC; PHONOTYPICAL
Pho`no*typ"ic, Pho`no*typ"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to phonotypy; as, a phonotypic alphabet.

PHONOTYPIST
Pho*not"y*pist, n.

Defn: One versed in phonotypy.

PHONOTYPY
Pho*not"y*py, n.

Defn: A method of phonetic printing of the English language, as
devised by Mr. Pitman, in which nearly all the ordinary letters and
many new forms are employed in order to indicate each elementary
sound by a separate character.

PHORMINX
Phor"minx, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A kind of lyre used by the Greeks. Mrs. Browning.

PHORMIUM
Phor"mi*um, n. Etym: [NL. fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of liliaceous plants, consisting of one species
(Phormium tenax). See Flax-plant.

PHORONE
Phor"one, n. Etym: [Camphor + acetone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance, having a geraniumlike odor,
regarded as a complex derivative of acetone, and obtained from
certain camphor compounds.

PHORONIS
Pho*ro"nis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Phoronis, a surname of Io, Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A remarkable genus of marine worms having tentacles around the
mouth. It is usually classed with the gephyreans. Its larva
(Actinotrocha) undergoes a peculiar metamorphosis.

PHORONOMIA
Phor`o*no"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Phoronomics.

PHORONOMICS
Phor`o*nom"ics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science of motion; kinematics. [R.] Weisbach.

PHOSGENE
Phos"gene, a. Etym: [Gr. phosgène.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: Producing, or produced by, the action of light; -- formerly
used specifically to designate a gas now called carbonyl chloride.
See Carbonyl.

PHOSGENITE
Phos"gen*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A rare mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals of a white,
yellow, or grayish color and adamantine luster. It is a
chlorocarbonate of lead.

PHOSPHAM
Phos"pham, n. Etym: [Phosphorus + ammonia.] (Chem.)

Defn: An inert amorphous white powder, PN2H, obtained by passing
ammonia over heated phosphorus. [Spelt also phosphame.] --
Phos"pham"ic, a.

PHOSPHATE
Phos"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of phosphoric acid.

PHOSPHATIC
Phos*phat"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus, phosphoric acid, or
phosphates; as, phosphatic nodules. Phosphatic diathesis (Med.), a
habit of body which leads to the undue excretion of phosphates with
the urine.

PHOSPHATURIA
Phos`pha*tu"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Phosphate, and Urine.] (Med.)

Defn: The excessive discharge of phosphates in the urine.

PHOSPHENE
Phos"phene, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A luminous impression produced through excitation of the retina
by some cause other than the impingement upon it of rays of light, as
by pressure upon the eyeball when the lids are closed. Cf. After-
image.

PHOSPHIDE
Phos"phide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of phosphorus.

PHOSPHINE
Phos"phine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless gas, PH3, analogous to ammonia, and having a
disagreeable odor resembling that of garlic. Called also hydrogen
phosphide, and formerly, phosphureted hydrogen.

Note: It is the most important compound of phosphorus and hydrogen,
and is produced by the action of caustic potash on phosphorus. It is
spontaneously inflammable, owing to impurities, and in burning
produces peculiar vortical rings of smoke.

PHOSPHINIC
Phos*phin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, certain acids analogous to the
phosphonic acids, but containing two hydrocarbon radicals, and
derived from the secondary phosphines by oxidation.

PHOSPHITE
Phos"phite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of phosphorous acid.

PHOSPHONIC
Phos*phon"ic, a. Etym: [Phosphoric + sulphonic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, certain derivatives of
phosphorous acid containing a hydrocarbon radical, and analogous to
the sulphonic acid.

PHOSPHONIUM
Phos*pho"ni*um, n. Etym: [Phosphorus + ammonium.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical PH4, analogous to ammonium, and
regarded as the nucleus of certain derivatives of phosphine.

PHOSPHOR
Phos"phor, n. Etym: [Cf. G. phosphor. See Phosphorus.]

1. Phosphorus. [Obs.] Addison.

2. The planet Venus, when appearing as the morning star; Lucifer.
[Poetic] Pope. Tennyson.

PHOSPHORATE
Phos"phor*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phosphorated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Phosphorating.] (Chem.)

Defn: To impregnate, or combine, with phosphorus or its compounds;
as, phosphorated oil.

PHOSPHOR-BRONZE
Phos"phor-bronze`, n. Etym: [Phosphor + bronze.] (Metal.)

Defn: A variety of bronze possessing great hardness, elasticity, and
toughness, obtained by melting copper with tin phosphide. It contains
one or two per cent of phosphorus and from five to fifteen per cent
of tin.

PHOSPHOREOUS
Phos*pho"re*ous, a.

Defn: Phosphorescent. [Obs.]

PHOSPHORESCE
Phos`phor*esce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Phosphoresced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Phosphorescing.]

Defn: To shine as phosphorus; to be phosphorescent; to emit a
phosphoric light.

PHOSPHORESCENCE
Phos`phor*es"cence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. phosphorescence.]

1. The quality or state of being phosphorescent; or the act of
phosphorescing.

2. A phosphoric light.

PHOSPHORESCENT
Phos`phor*es"cent, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phosphorescent.]

Defn: Shining with a phosphoric light; luminous without sensible
heat.
 -- n.

Defn: A phosphorescent substance.

PHOSPHORIC
Phos*phor"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phosphorique.]

1. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to phosphorus; resembling, or containing,
from us; specifically, designating those compounds in which
phosphorus has a higher valence as contrasted with the phosphorous
compounds.

2. Phosphorescent. "A phosphoric sea." Byron. Glacial phosphoric
acid. (Chem.) (a) Metaphosphoric acid in the form of glassy
semitransparent masses or sticks. (b) Pure normal phosphoric acid.
 -- Phosphoric acid (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, H3PO4,
which is the most highly oxidized acid of phosphorus, and forms an
important and extensive series of compounds, viz., the phosphates.
 -- Soluble phosphoric acid, Insoluble phosphoric acid (Agric.
Chem.), phosphoric acid combined in acid salts, or in neutral or
basic salts, which are respectively soluble and insoluble in water or
in plant juices.
 -- Reverted phosphoric acid (Agric. Chem.), phosphoric acid changed
from acid (soluble) salts back to neutral or basic (insoluble) salts.

PHOSPHORICAL
Phos*phor"ic*al, a. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Phosphoric.

PHOSPHORITE
Phos"phor*ite, n.

Defn: (min.) A massive variety of apatite.

PHOSPHORITIC
Phos`phor*it"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Pertaining to phosphorite; resembling, or of the nature of,
phosphorite.

PHOSPHORIZE
Phos"phor*ize, v. t.

Defn: To phosphorate.

PHOSPHORIZED
Phos"phor*ized, a.

Defn: Containing, or impregnated with, phosphorus.

PHOSPHOROGENIC
Phos`phor*o*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Phosphorus + -gen + -ic.]

Defn: Generating phosphorescence; as, phosphorogenic rays.

PHOSPHOROSCOPE
Phos*phor"o*scope, n. Etym: [Phosphorus + -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An apparatus for observing the phosphorescence produced in
different bodies by the action of light, and for measuring its
duration.

PHOSPHOROUS
Phos"phor*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phosphoreux.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to phosphorus; resembling or containing
phosphorus; specifically, designating those compounds in which
phosphorus has a lower valence as contrasted with phosphoric
compounds; as, phosphorous acid, H3PO3.

PHOSPHORUS
Phos"phor*us, n.; pl. Phosphori. Etym: [L., the morning star, Gr.

1. The morning star; Phosphor.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous nonmetallic element of the nitrogen group, obtained
as a white, or yellowish, translucent waxy substance, having a
characteristic disagreeable smell. It is very active chemically, must
be preserved under water, and unites with oxygen even at ordinary
temperatures, giving a faint glow, -- whence its name. It always
occurs compined, usually in phosphates, as in the mineral apatite, in
bones, etc. It is used in the composition on the tips of friction
matches, and for many other purposes. The molecule contains four
atoms. Symbol P. Atomic weight 31.0.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: Hence, any substance which shines in the dark like phosphorus,
as certain phosphorescent bodies. Bologna phosphorus (Chem.),
sulphide of barium, which shines in the dark after exposure to light;
-- so called because this property was discovered by a resident of
Bologna. The term is sometimes applied to other compounds having
similar properties.
 -- Metallic phosphorus (Chem.), an allotropic modification of
phosphorus, obtained as a gray metallic crystalline substance, having
very inert chemical properties. It is obtained by heating ordinary
phosphorus in a closed vessel at a high temperature.
 -- Phosphorus disease (Med.), a disease common among workers in
phosphorus, giving rise to necrosis of the jawbone, and other
symptoms.
 -- Red, or Amorphous, phosphorus (Chem.), an allotropic modification
of phosphorus, obtained as a dark red powder by heating ordinary
phosphorus in closed vessels. It is not poisonous, is not
phosphorescent, and is only moderately active chemically. It is
valuable as a chemical reagent, and is used in the composition of the
friction surface on which safety matches are ignited.
 -- Solar phosphori (Chem.), phosphorescent substances which shine in
the dark after exposure to the sunlight or other intense light.

PHOSPHORUS STEEL
Phosphorus steel.

Defn: A steel in which the amount of phosphorus exceeds that of
carbon.

PHOSPHORYL
Phos"phor*yl, n. Etym: [Phosphorus + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The radical PO, regarded as the typical nucleus of certain
compounds.

PHOSPHURET
Phos"phu*ret, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A phosphide. [Obsoles.]

PHOSPHURETED
Phos"phu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Impregnated, or combined, with phosphorus. [Obsoles.] [Written
also phosphuretted.] Phosphureted hydrogen. (Chem.) See Phosphine.

PHOTIC
Pho"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Relating to the production of light by the lower animals.

PHOTIC REGION
Photic region. (Phytogeography)

Defn: The uppermost zone of the sea, which receives the most light.

PHOTICS
Pho"tics, n. (Physics)

Defn: The science of light; -- a general term sometimes employed when
optics is restricted to light as a producing vision. Knight.

PHOTISM
Pho"tism, n. [Gr.  illumination.] (Psycol.)

Defn: A luminous image or appearance of a hallucinatory character.

PHOTO
Pho"to, n.; pl. Photos (.

Defn: A contraction of Photograph. [Colloq.]

PHOTO-
Pho"to-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. fw^s, fwto`s, light; as, photography,
phototype, photometer.

PHOTOBACTERIUM
Pho`to*bac*te"ri*um, n. [NL. See Photo-, and Bacterium.] (Bacteriol.)

Defn: A genus including certain comma-shaped marine bacteria which
emit bluish or greenish phosphorescence. Also, any microörganism of
this group.

PHOTOBIOTIC
Pho`to*bi*ot"ic, a. Etym: [Photo- + biotic.] (Biol.)

Defn: Requiring light to live; incapable of living without light; as,
photobiotic plant cells.

PHOTOCERAMICS
Pho`to*ce*ram"ics, n.

Defn: Art or process of decorating pottery with photographically
prepared designs. -- Pho`to*ce*ram"ic (#), a.

PHOTOCHEMICAL
Pho`to*chem"ic*al, a. Etym: [Photo- + chemical.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to chemical action of light, or produced by
it; as, the photochemical changes of the visual purple of the retina.

PHOTOCHEMISTRY
Pho`to*chem"is*try, n. Etym: [Photo- + chemistry.] (Chem.)

Defn: The branch of chemistry which relates to the effect of light in
producing chemical changes, as in photography.

PHOTOCHROMIC; PHOTOCHROMATIC
Pho`to*chro"mic, Pho`to*chro*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to photochromy; produced by photochromy.

PHOTOCHROMOGRAPHY
Pho`to*chro*mog"ra*phy, n. [Photo- + Gr.  color + -graphy.]

Defn: Art or process of printing colored photographs.

PHOTOCHROMOSCOPE
Pho`to*chro"mo*scope, n.  [Photo-+ Gr.  color + -scope.]

1. A device for giving shifting effects of color to a photograph. The
unmounted print, made translucent, is illuminated from behind with
colored light.

2.  A combination of three optical lanterns for projecting objects on
a screen in the colors of nature. The images of three partial
photographs taken through color screens (red, green, and blue,
respectively) are superimposed. Each image is given its own primary
color, and these colors blend and reproduce the colors of the object.

PHOTOCHROMOTYPE
Pho`to*chro"mo*type, n.  [Photo-+ Gr.  color + -type.]

Defn: A colored print made photomechanically.

PHOTOCHROMOTYPE
Pho`to*chro"mo*type, v. t.

Defn: To represent by a colored print made by any photomechanical
process.

PHOTOCHROMOTYPY
Pho`to*chro"mo*typ`y, n.

Defn: The art of making photochromotypes.

PHOTOCHROMY
Pho*toch"ro*my, n. Etym: [Photo- + Gr.

Defn: The art or process of reproducing colors by photography.

PHOTOCHRONOGRAPH
Pho`to*chron"o*graph, n.  [Photo-+ chronograph.]

1. (Physics) An instrument for recording minute intervals of time.
The record is made by the power of a magnetic field, due to an
electric signaling current, to turn the plane of polarization of
light. A flash, coinciding in time and duration with the signal, is
thus produced and is photographed on a moving plate.

2.  (Astron.) An instrument for the photographic recording of star
transits.

PHOTOCHRONOGRAPHY
Pho`to*chro*nog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: Art of recording or measuring intervals of time by the
photochronograph. -- Pho`to*chron`o*graph"ic (#), -graph"ic*al (#),
a. -- -graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

PHOTODROME
Pho"to*drome, n. Etym: [Photo- + Gr. (Physics)

Defn: An apparatus consisting of a large wheel with spokes, which
when turning very rapidly is illuminated by momentary flashes of
light passing through slits in a rotating disk. By properly timing
the succession of flashes the wheel is made to appear to be
motionless, or to rotate more or less slowly in either direction.

PHOTODYNAMICS
Pho`to*dy*nam"ics, n.  [Photo-+ dynamics.] (Plant Physiol.)

Defn: The relation of light to the movements of plants and their
organs; the study of the phenomena of curvatures induced by the
stimulus of light. --Pho`to*dy*nam"ic (#), Pho`to*dy*nam"ic*al (#),
a.

PHOTO-ELECTRIC
Pho`to-e*lec"tric, a. Etym: [Photo- + electric.]

Defn: Acting by the operation of both light and electricity; -- said
of apparatus for producing pictures by electric light.

PHOTO-ELECTRIC; PHOTO-ELECTRICAL
Pho`to-e*lec"tric, Pho`to-e*lec"tric*al, a.

Defn: Pert. to, or capable of developing, photo-electricity.

PHOTO-ELECTRIC CELL
Photo-electric cell.

Defn: A cell (as one of two electrodes embedded in selenium) which by
exposure to light generates an electric current.

PHOTO-ELECTRICITY
Pho`to-e*lec*tric"i*ty, n. [Photo-+ electricity.]

Defn: Electricity produced by light.

PHOTO-ELECTROGRAPH
Pho`to-e*lec"tro*graph, n. [See Photo-; Electrograph.] (Meteor.)

Defn: An electrometer registering by photography.

PHOTO-ELECTROTYPE
Pho`to-e*lec"tro*type, n. (Print.)

Defn: An electrotype plate formed in a mold made by photographing on
prepared gelatine, etc.

PHOTO-ENGRAVE
Pho`to-en*grave", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Photo-engraved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Photo-engraving.] [Photo- + engrave.]

Defn: To engrave by a photomechanical process; to make a photo-
engraving of. -- Pho`to-en*grav"er (#), n.

PHOTO-ENGRAVING
Pho`to-en*grav"ing, n. Etym: [Photo- + engraving.]

Defn: The process of obtaining an etched or engraved plate from the
photographic image, to be used in printing; also, a picture produced
by such a process.

PHOTO-EPINASTY
Pho`to-ep"i*nas`ty, n. Etym: [See Photo-, and Epinastic.] (Bot.)

Defn: A disproportionately rapid growth of the upper surface of
dorsiventral organs, such as leaves, through the stimulus of exposure
to light. Encyc. Brit.

PHOTO-ETCH
Pho`to-etch", v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Photo-etched; p. pr. & vb. n.
Photo-etching.] [Photo- + etch.]

Defn: To engrave, or make an engraving of, by any photomechanical
process involving etching of the plate.

PHOTO-ETCHING
Pho`to-etch"ing, n.

Defn: A photo-engraving produced by any process involving the etching
of the plate.

PHOTOGALVANOGRAPHY
Pho`to*gal`va*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Photo- + galvanography.]

Defn: The art or process of making photo-electrotypes. Sir D.
Brewster.

PHOTOGEN
Pho"to*gen, n. Etym: [Photo- + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A light hydrocarbon oil resembling kerosene. It is obtained by
distilling coal, paraffin, etc., and is used as a lubricant,
illuminant, etc. [Written also photogene.]

PHOTOGENE
Pho"to*gene, n. Etym: [See Photogen.]

1. A photograph. [Obsoles.]

2. A more or less continued impression or image on the retina. H.
Spencer.

PHOTOGENIC
Pho`to*gen"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to photogeny; producing or generating light.

PHOTOGENY
Pho*tog"e*ny, n. Etym: [See Photogen.]

Defn: See Photography. [Obsoles.]

PHOTOGLYPHIC
Pho`to*glyph"ic, a. Etym: [Photo- + Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the art of engraving by the action of light.
[Written also photoglyptic.] Photoglyphic engraving, a process of
etching on copper, steel, or zinc, by means of the action of light
and certain chemicals, so that from the plate impressions may be
taken. Sir D. Brewster.

PHOTOGLYPHY
Pho*tog"ly*phy, n.

Defn: Photoglyphic engraving. See under Photoglyphic.

PHOTOGLYPTIC
Pho`to*glyp"tic, a.

Defn: Same as Photoglyphic.

PHOTOGRAM
Pho"to*gram, n. Etym: [Photo- + -gram.]

Defn: A photograph. [R.]

PHOTOGRAMMETER
Pho`to*gram"me*ter, n. [See Photogram; -meter.]

Defn: A phototheodolite, or a camera designed for use in
photogrammetry. --Pho`to*gram*met"ric (#), Pho`to*gram*met"ric*al
(#), a.

PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Pho`to*gram"me*try, n. [Photogram + metry.]

Defn: A method of surveying or map making by photography, used also
in determining the height and motions of clouds, sea waves, and the
like.

PHOTOGRAPH
Pho"to*graph, n. Etym: [Photo- + -graph.]

Defn: A picture or likeness obtained by photography.

PHOTOGRAPH
Pho"to*graph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Photographed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Photographing.]

Defn: To take a picture or likeness of by means of photography; as,
to photograph a view; to photograph a group.
He makes his pen drawing on white paper, and they are afterwards
photographed on wood. Hamerton.

Note: Also used figuratively.
He is photographed on my mind. Lady D. Hardy.

PHOTOGRAPH
Pho"to*graph, v. i.

Defn: To practice photography; to take photographs.

PHOTOGRAPHER
Pho*tog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who practices, or is skilled in, photography.

PHOTOGRAPHIC; PHOTOGRAPHICAL
Pho`to*graph"ic, Pho`to*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
photographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to photography; obtained by photography; used
ib photography; as a photographic picture; a photographic camera.
 -- Pho`to*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. Photographic printing, the process of
obtaining pictures, as on chemically prepared paper, from
photographic negatives, by exposure to light.

PHOTOGRAPHIST
Pho*tog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: A photographer.

PHOTOGRAPHOMETER
Pho*tog"ra*phom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Photograph + -meter.] (Photog.)

Defn: An instrument for determining the sensibility of the plates
employed in photographic processes to luminous rays.

PHOTOGRAPHONE
Pho*tog"ra*phone, n. [See Photograph; -phone.]

Defn: A device, consisting essentially of an electric arc and a
camera, by which a series of photographs of the variations of the arc
due to sound waves are obtained for reproduction by means of a
selenium cell and a telephone.

PHOTOGRAPHY
Pho*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Photo- + -graphy: cf. F. photographie.]

1. The science which relates to the action of light on sensitive
bodies in the production of pictures, the fixation of images, and the
like.

2. The art or process of producing pictures by this action of light.

Note: The well-focused optical image is thrown on a surface of metal,
glass, paper, or other suitable substance, coated with collodion or
gelatin, and sensitized with the chlorides, bromides, or iodides of
silver, or other salts sensitive to light. The exposed plate is then
treated with reducing agents, as pyrogallic acid, ferrous sulphate,
etc., to develop the latent image. The image is then fixed by washing
off the excess of unchanged sensitive salt with sodium hyposulphite
(thiosulphate) or other suitable reagents.

PHOTOGRAVURE
Pho`to*grav"ure, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A photoengraving; also, the process by which such a picture is
produced.

PHOTOHELIOGRAPH
Pho`to*he"li*o*graph, n. Etym: [Photo- + heliograph.] (Physics)

Defn: A modified kind of telescope adapted to taking photographs of
the sun.

PHOTOHELIOMETER
Pho`to*he`li*om"e*ter, n. [Photo- + heliometer.] (Astron.)

Defn: A double-lens instrument for measuring slight variations of the
sun's diameter by photography, utilizing the common chord of two
overlapping images.

PHOTOLITHOGRAPH
Pho`to*lith"o*graph, n. Etym: [Photo- + lithograph.]

Defn: A lithographic picture or copy from a stone prepared by the aid
of photography.

PHOTOLITHOGRAPH
Pho`to*lith"o*graph, v. t.

Defn: To produce (a picture, a copy) by the process of
photolithography.

PHOTOLITHOGRAPHER
Pho`to*li*thog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who practices, or one who employs, photolithography.

PHOTOLITHOGRAPHIC
Pho`to*lith`o*graph"ic, n.

Defn: Of or pertaining to photolithography; produced by
photolithography.

PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY
Pho`to*li*thog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: The art or process of producing photolithographs.

PHOTOLOGIC; PHOTOLOGICAL
Pho`to*log"ic, Pho`to*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to photology, or the doctrine of light.

PHOTOLOGIST
Pho*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who studies or expounds the laws of light.

PHOTOLOGY
Pho*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Photo- + -logy: cf. F. photologie.]

Defn: The doctrine or science of light, explaining its nature and
phenomena; optics.

PHOTOLUMINESCENT
Pho`to*lu`mi*nes"cent, a. [Photo- + luminescent.] (Physics)

Defn: Luminescent by exposure to light waves. --
Pho`to*lu`mi*nes"cence (#), n.

PHOTOMAGNETIC
Pho`to*mag*net"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to photomagnetism.

PHOTOMAGNETISM
Pho`to*mag"net*ism, n.

Defn: The branch of science which treats of the relation of magnetism
to light.

PHOTOMECHANICAL
Pho`to*me*chan"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, any photographic process in
which a printing surface is obtained without the intervention of hand
engraving.

PHOTOMETER
Pho*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Photo- + -meter: cf. F. photomètre.]
(Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the intensity of light, or, more
especially, for comparing the relative intensities of different
lights, or their relative illuminating power.

PHOTOMETRIC; PHOTOMETRICAL
Pho`to*met"ric, Pho`to*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. photométrique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to photometry, or to a photometer.

PHOTOMETRICIAN
Pho*tom`e*tri"cian, n.

Defn: One engaged in the scientific measurement of light.

PHOTOMETRICIAN; PHOTOMETRIST
Pho*tom`e*tri"cian, Pho*tom"e*trist, n.

Defn: A specialist in photometry.

PHOTOMETRY
Pho*tom"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. photométrie.]

Defn: That branch of science which treats of the measurement of the
intensity of light.

PHOTOMEZZOTYPE
Pho`to*mez"zo*type, n.  [Photo-+ It. mezzo middle, half + -type.]

Defn: A photomechanical process similar to collotype.

PHOTOMICROGRAPH
Pho`to*mi"cro*graph, n. Etym: [Photo- + micro + -graph.]

1. An enlarged or macroscopic photograph of a microscopic object. See
Microphotograph.

2. A microscopically small photograph of an object.

PHOTOMICROGRAPHY
Pho`to*mi*crog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: The art of producing photomicrographs.

PHOTONEPHOGRAPH
Pho`to*neph"o*graph (-nef"o*graf), n.  [Photo- + Gr. ne`fos a cloud +
-graph.] (Meteor.)

Defn: A nephoscope registering by photography, commonly consisting of
a pair of cameras used simultaneously.

PHOTOPHILOUS
Pho*toph"i*lous, n.  [Photo-+ Gr.  loving.] (Phytogeog.)

Defn: Light-loving; growing in strong light, as many plants.

PHOTOPHOBIA
Pho`to*pho"bi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A dread or intolerance of light. Sir T. Watson.

PHOTOPHONE
Pho"to*phone, n. Etym: [Photo- + Gr. (Physics)

Defn: An apparatus for the production of sound by the action of rays
of light. A. G. Bell.

PHOTOPHONIC
Pho`to*phon"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to photophone.

PHOTOPHONY
Pho*toph"o*ny, n.

Defn: The art or practice of using the photophone.

PHOTOPHORE
Pho"to*phore, n.  [Photo- + Gr.  to bear.]

1. (Med.) A form of endoscope using an electric light.

2.  (Zoöl.) A light-emitting organ; specif., one of the luminous
spots on certain marine (mostly deep-sea) fishes.

PHOTOPLAY
Pho"to*play`, n.

Defn: A play for representation or exhibition by moving pictures;
also, the moving-picture representation of a play.

PHOTOPRINT
Pho"to*print`, n.

Defn: Any print made by a photomechanical process.

PHOTOPSIA
Pho*top"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An affection of the eye, in which the patient perceives
luminous rays, flashes, coruscations, etc. See phosphene.

PHOTOPSY
Pho*top"sy, n.

Defn: Same as Photopsia.

PHOTORELIEF
Pho`to*re*lief", n.

Defn: A printing surface in relief, obtained by photographic means
and subsequent manipulations. Knight.

PHOTOSCOPE
Pho"to*scope, n. Etym: [Photo- + -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: Anything employed for the observation of light or luminous
effects.

PHOTOSCOPIC
Pho`to*scop"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the photoscope or its uses.

PHOTOSCULPTURE
Pho`to*sculp"ture, n. Etym: [Photo- + sculpture.]

Defn: A process in which, by means of a number of photographs
simultaneously taken from different points of view on the same level,
rough models of the figure or bust of a person or animal may be made
with great expedition.

PHOTOSPHERE
Pho"to*sphere, n. Etym: [Photo- + sphere.]

Defn: A sphere of light; esp., the luminous envelope of the sun.

PHOTOSPHERIC
Pho`to*spher"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the photosphere.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Pho`to*syn"the*sis, n. (Plant Physiol.)

Defn: The process of constructive metabolism by which carbohydrates
are formed from water vapor and the carbon dioxide of the air in the
chlorophyll-containing tissues of plants exposed to the action of
light. It was formerly called assimilation, but this is now commonly
used as in animal physiology. The details of the process are not yet
clearly known. Baeyer's theory is that the carbon dioxide is reduced
to carbon monoxide, which, uniting with the hydrogen of the water in
the cell, produces formaldehyde, the latter forming various sugars
through polymerization. Vines suggests that the carbohydrates are
secretion products of the chloroplasts, derived from decomposition of
previously formed proteids. The food substances are usually quickly
translocated, those that accumulate being changed to starch, which
appears in the cells almost simultaneously with the sugars. The
chloroplasts perform photosynthesis only in light and within a
certain range of temperature, varying according to climate. This is
the only way in which a plant is able to organize carbohydrates. All
plants without a chlorophyll apparatus, as the fungi, must be
parasitic or saprophytic. --Pho`to*syn*thet"ic (#), a. --
Pho`to*syn*thet"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

PHOTOTAXIS; PHOTOTAXY
Pho`to*tax"is, Pho"to*tax`y, n. [NL. phototaxis; photo- + Gr.  an
arranging.] (Biol.)

Defn: The influence of light on the movements of low organisms, as
various infusorians, the zoöspores of certain algæ, etc.; also, the
tendency to follow definite directions of motion or assume definite
positions under such influence. If the migration is toward the source
of light, it is termed positive phototaxis; if away from the light,
negative phototaxis. --Pho`to*tac"tic (#), a. --Pho`to*tac"tic*al*ly,
adv.

PHOTOTELEGRAPHY
Pho`to*te*leg"ra*phy, n.

Defn: Telegraphy by means of light, as by the heliograph or the
photophone. Also, less properly, telephotography. --
Pho`to*tel"e*graph (#), n. --Pho`to*tel`e*graph"ic (#), a.

PHOTOTELESCOPE
Pho`to*tel"e*scope, n. (Astron.)

Defn: A telescope adapted for taking photographs of the heavenly
bodies.

PHOTOTHEODOLITE
Pho`to*the*od"o*lite, n.

Defn: An arrangement of two photographic cameras, the plates of which
may be brought into exactly the same plane, used in surveying and map
making. From the differences between two pictures taken at the same
moment, measurements in all dimensions of the region may be obtained.

PHOTOTHERAPY
Pho`to*ther"a*py, n. (Med.)

Defn: The application of light for therapeutic purposes, esp. for
treating diseases of the skin. -- Pho`to*the*rap"ic (#),
Pho`to*ther`a*peu"tic (#), a.

PHOTOTHERMIC
Pho`to*ther"mic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to both light and heat.

PHOTOTONUS
Pho*tot"o*nus, n. Etym: [NL. See Photo-, and Tone.] (Bot.)

Defn: A motile condition in plants resulting from exposure to light.
 -- Pho`to*ton"ic, a.

PHOTOTOPOGRAPHY
Pho`to*to*pog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: Photogrammetry. -- Pho`to*top`o*graph"ic (#),
Pho`to*top`o*graph"ic*al (#), a.

PHOTOTRICHROMATIC
Pho`to*tri`chro*mat"ic, a. [Photo- + tri- + chromatic.]

Defn: Designating a photomechanical process for making reproductions
in natural colors by three printings.

PHOTOTROPIC
Pho`to*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Photo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Heliotropic.

PHOTOTROPISM
Pho*tot"ro*pism, n.  [Photo-+ Gr.  to turn.] (Plant Physiol.)

Defn: The tendency of growing plant organs to move or curve under the
influence of light. In ordinary use the term is practically
synonymous with heliotropism.

PHOTOTYPE
Pho"to*type, n. Etym: [Photo- + -type.]

Defn: A plate or block with a printing surface (usually in relief)
obtained from a photograph; also, any one of the many methods of
processes by which such a printing surface is obtained.

PHOTOTYPIC
Pho`to*typ"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a phototype or phototypy.

PHOTOTYPOGRAPHY
Pho`to*ty*pog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Photo- + typography.]

Defn: Same as Phototypy.

PHOTOTYPY
Pho*tot"y*py, n.

Defn: The art or process of producing phototypes.

PHOTOVISUAL
Pho`to*vis"u*al, a. (Optics)

Defn: Of certain achromatic lenses, having the same focus for the
actinic and for the brightest of the visual rays.

PHOTOXYLOGRAPHY
Pho`to*xy*log"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Photo- + xylography.]

Defn: The process of producing a representation of an object on wood,
by photography, for the use of the wood engraver.

PHOTOZINCOGRAPH
Pho`to*zin"co*graph, n.

Defn: A print made by photozincography.
 -- Pho`to*zin`co*graph"ic, a.

PHOTOZINCOGRAPHY
Pho`to*zin*cog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Photo- + zincography.]

Defn: A process, analogous to photolithography, for reproducing
photographed impressions transferred to zinc plate.

PHRAGMOCONE
Phrag"mo*cone, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The thin chambered shell attached to the anterior end of a
belemnite. [Written also phragmacone.]

PHRAGMOSIPHON
Phrag`mo*si"phon, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The siphon of a phragmocone.

PHRASAL
Phras"al, a.

Defn: Of the nature of a phrase; consisting of a phrase; as, a
phrasal adverb. Earlc.

PHRASE
Phrase, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. phrasis diction, phraseology, Gr.

1. A brief expression, sometimes a single word, but usually two or
more words forming an expression by themselves, or being a portion of
a sentence; as, an adverbial phrase.
"Convey" the wise it call. "Steal!" foh! a fico for the phrase. Shak.

2. A short, pithy expression; especially, one which is often
employed; a peculiar or idiomatic turn of speech; as, to err is
human.

3. A mode or form of speech; the manner or style in which any one
expreses himself; diction; expression. "Phrases of the hearth."
Tennyson.
Thou speak'st In better phrase and matter than thou didst. Shak.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A short clause or portion of a period.

Note: A composition consists first of sentences, or periods; these
are subdivided into sections, and these into phrases. Phrase book, a
book of idiomatic phrases. J. S. Blackie.

PHRASE
Phrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phrased; p. pr. & vb. n. Phrasing.] Etym:
[Cf. F. phraser.]

Defn: To express in words, or in peculiar words; to call; to style.
"These suns -- for so they phrase 'em." Shak.

PHRASE
Phrase, v. i.

1. To use proper or fine phrases. [R.]

2. (Mus.)

Defn: To group notes into phrases; as, he phrases well. See Phrase,
n., 4.

PHRASELESS
Phrase"less, a.

Defn: Indescribable. Shak.

PHRASEOGRAM
Phra"se*o*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. -gram.] (Phonography)

Defn: A symbol for a phrase.

PHRASEOLOGIC; PHRASEOLOGICAL
Phra`se*o*log"ic, Phra`se*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to phraseology; consisting of a peculiar form
of words. "This verbal or phraseological answer." Bp. Pearson.

PHRASEOLOGIST
Phra`se*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: A collector or coiner of phrases.

PHRASEOLOGY
Phra`se*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. phraséologie.]

1. Manner of expression; peculiarity of diction; style.
Most completely national in his . . . phraseology. I. Taylor.

2. A collection of phrases; a phrase book. [R.]

Syn.
 -- Diction; style. See Diction.

PHRASING
Phras"ing, n.

1. Method of expression; association of words.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The act or method of grouping the notes so as to form distinct
musical phrases.

PHRATRY
Phra"try, n.; pl. Phratries. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A subdivision of a phyle, or tribe, in Athens.

PHREATIC
Phre*at"ic, a. Etym: [F. phréatique, from Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: Subterranean; -- applied to sources supplying wells.

PHRENETIC; PHRENETICAL
Phre*net"ic, Phre*net"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. phreneticus, Gr.
phrénétique. See Frantic, and cf. Frenetic.]

Defn: Relating to phrenitis; suffering from frenzy; delirious; mad;
frantic; frenetic.
 -- Phre*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

PHRENETIC
Phre*net"ic, n.

Defn: One who is phrenetic. Harvey.

PHRENIC
Phren"ic, a.Etym: [Gr. phrénique.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the diaphragm; diaphragmatic; as, the
phrenic nerve.

PHRENICS
Phren"ics, n.

Defn: That branch of science which relates to the mind; mental
philosophy. [R.]

PHRENISM
Phre"nism, n. Etym: [See Phrenic.] (Biol.)

Defn: See Vital force, under Vital.

PHRENITIS
Phre*ni"tis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the brain, or of the meninges of the brain,
attended with acute fever and delirium; -- called also cephalitis.

2. See Frenzy.

PHRENOGRAPH
Phre"no*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for registering the movements of the diaphragm,
or midriff, in respiration.

PHRENOLOGER
Phre*nol"o*ger, n.

Defn: A phrenologist.

PHRENOLOGIC
Phren`o*log"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phrénologique.]

Defn: Phrenological.

PHRENOLOGICAL
Phren`o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to phrenology.
 -- Phren`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

PHRENOLOGIST
Phre*nol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. phrénologiste.]

Defn: One versed in phrenology; a craniologist.

PHRENOLOGY
Phre*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. phrénologie.]

1. The science of the special functions of the several parts of the
brain, or of the supposed connection between the various faculties of
the mind and particular organs in the brain.

2. In popular usage, the physiological hypothesis of Gall, that the
mental faculties, and traits of character, are shown on the surface
of the head or skull; craniology.

Note: Gall marked out on his model of the head the places of twenty-
six organs, as round inclosures with vacant interspaces. Spurzheim
and Combe divided the whole scalp into oblong and conterminous
patches. Encyc. Brit.

PHRENOMAGNETISM
Phre`no*mag"net*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. magnetism.]

Defn: The power of exciting the organs of the brain by magnetic or
mesmeric influence.

PHRENOSIN
Phre"no*sin, n. Etym: [See Phrenic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous body, related to cerebrin, supposed to exist in
the brain.

PHRENSIED
Phren"sied, p. p. & a.

Defn: See Frenzied.

PHRENSY
Phren"sy, n.

Defn: Violent and irrational excitement; delirium. See Frenzy.

PHRENSY
Phren"sy, v. t.

Defn: To render frantic.

PHRENTIC
Phren"tic, n. & a.

Defn: See Phrenetic. [Obs.]

PHRYGANEID
Phry*ga"ne*id, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any insect belonging to the Phryganeides.

PHRYGANEIDES
Phryg`a*ne"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Phryganea, the typical
genus, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of neuropterous insects which includes the caddice
flies; -- called also Trichoptera. See Trichoptera. [Written also
Phryganides.]

PHRYGIAN
Phryg"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Phrygius, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Phrygia, or to its inhabitants. Phrygian
mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek modes, very bold and vehement
in style; -- so called because fabled to have been invented by the
Phrygian Marsyas. Moore (Encyc. of Music).
 -- Phrygian stone, a light, spongy stone, resembling a pumice, --
used by the ancients in dyeing, and said to be drying and astringent.

PHRYGIAN
Phryg"i*an, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Phrygia.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A Montanist.

PHRYGIAN CAP
Phryg"i*an cap`.

Defn: A close-fitting cap represented in Greek art as worn by
Orientals, assumed to have been conical in shape. It has been adopted
in modern art as the so-called liberty cap, or cap of liberty.

PHTHALATE
Phthal"ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of phthalic acid.

PHTHALEIN
Phthal"e*in, n. Etym: [See Phthalic.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of artificial organic dyes made as condensation
products of the phenols with phthalic acid, and well represented by
phenol phthaleïn. Their alkaline solutions are fluorescent. Phenol
phthalein, a white or yellowish white crystalline substance made from
phthalic acid and phenol. Its solution in alkalies is brilliant red,
but is decolorized by acids, and as this reaction is exceedingly
delicate it is used as an indicator.

PHTHALIC
Phthal"ic, a. Etym: [Naphthalene + -ic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid obtained by the
oxidation of naphthalene and allied substances. Phthalic acid
(Chem.), a white crystalline substance, C6H4.(CO2H)2, analogous to
benzoic acid, and employed in the brilliant dyestuffs called the
phthaleins.

PHTHALIDE
Phthal"ide, n. Etym: [Phthalyl + anhydride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A lactone obtained by reduction of phthalyl chloride, as a
white crystalline substance; hence, by extension, any one of the
series of which phthalide proper is the type. [Written also
phthalid.]

PHTHALIMIDE
Phthal"i*mide, n. Etym: [Phthalic + imide.] (Chem.)

Defn: An imido derivative of phthalic acid, obtained as a white
crystalline substance, C6H4.(CO)2NH, which has itself (like
succinimide) acid properties, and forms a series of salts. Cf. Imido
acid, under Imido.

PHTHALIN
Phthal"in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless crystalline substance obtained by reduction from
phthaleïn, into which it is easily converted by oxidation; hence, any
one of the series of which phthalin proper is the type.

PHTHALYL
Phthal"yl, n. Etym: [Phthalic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical of phthalic acid.

PHTHIRIASIS
Phthi*ri"a*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A disease (morbus pediculous) consisting in the excessive
multiplication of lice on the human body.

PHTHISIC
Phthis"ic, n.

Defn: Same as Phthisis.

PHTHISICAL
Phthis"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. phthisicus, Gr. phthisique. See Phthisis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to phthisis; affected with phthisis; wasting;
consumptive.

PHTHISICKY
Phthis"ick*y, a.

Defn: Having phthisis, or some symptom of it, as difficulty in
breathing.

PHTHISIOLOGY
Phthis`i*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Phthisis + -logy.] (Med.)

Defn: A treatise on phthisis. Dunglison.

PHTHISIPNEUMONIA; PHTHISIPNEUMONY
Phthis`ip*neu*mo"ni*a, Phthis`ip*neu"mo*ny, n. Etym: [NL. See
Phthisis, Pneumonia.] (Med.)

Defn: Pulmonary consumption.

PHTHISIS
Phthi"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. phthisie.] (Med.)

Defn: A wasting or consumption of the tissues. The term was formerly
applied to many wasting diseases, but is now usually restricted to
pulmonary phthisis, or consumption. See Consumption. Fibroid
phthisis. See under Fibroid.

PHTHONGAL
Phthon"gal, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Formed into, or characterized by, voice; vocalized; -- said of
all the vowels and the semivowels, also of the vocal or sonant
consonants g, d, b, l, r, v, z, etc.

PHTHONGAL
Phthon"gal, n.

Defn: A vocalized element or letter.

PHTHONGOMETER
Phthon*gom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring vocal sounds. Whewell.

PHTHOR
Phthor, n. Etym: [F. phthore, Gr. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Fluorine. [Written also phthor.]

PHYCITE
Phy"cite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: See Erythrite, 1.

PHYCOCHROME
Phy"co*chrome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A bluish green coloring matter of certain algæ.

PHYCOCYANIN; PHYCOCYANINE
Phy`co*cy"a*nin, Phy`co*cy"a*nine, n. Etym: [Gr. cyanin.]

Defn: A blue coloring matter found in certain algæ.

PHYCOERYTHRIN; PHYCOERYTHRINE
Phy`co*e*ryth"rin, Phy`co*e*ryth"rine, n. Etym: [Gr. erythrin, -ine.]

Defn: A red coloring matter found in algæ of the subclass Florideæ.

PHYCOGRAPHY
Phy*cog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A description of seaweeds.

PHYCOLOGY
Phy*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of algæ, or seaweeds; algology.

PHYCOMATER
Phy`co*ma"ter, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. mater mother.] (Bot.)

Defn: A gelatin in which the algæ spores have been supposed to
vegetate.

PHYCOMYCETES
Phy`co*my*ce"tes, n. pl. [NL.; Gr.  seaweed + mycetes.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large, important class of parasitic or saprophytic fungi, the
algal or algalike fungi. The plant body ranges from an
undifferentiated mass of protoplasm to a well-developed and much-
branched mycelium. Reproduction is mainly sexual, by the formation of
conidia or sporangia; but the group shows every form of transition
from this method through simple conjugation to perfect sexual
reproduction by egg and sperm in the higher forms. --
Phy`co*my*ce"tous (#), a.

PHYCOPHAEINE
Phy`co*phæ"ine, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A brown coloring matter found in certain algæ.

PHYCOXANTHIN; PHYCOXANTHINE
Phy`co*xan"thin, Phy`co*xan"thine, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A yellowish coloring matter found in certain algæ.

PHYLACTER
Phy*lac"ter, n.

Defn: A phylactery. Sandys.

PHYLACTERED
Phy*lac"tered, a.

Defn: Wearing a phylactery.

PHYLACTERIC; PHYLACTERICAL
Phyl`ac*ter"ic, Phyl`ac*ter"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to phylacteries.

PHYLACTERY
Phy*lac"ter*y, n.; pl. Phylacteries. Etym: [OE. filateri, OF.
filatire, filatiere, F. phylactère, L. phylacterium, Gr. Philatory.]

1. Any charm or amulet worn as a preservative from danger or disease.

2. A small square box, made either of parchment or of black calfskin,
containing slips of parchment or vellum on which are written the
scriptural passages Exodus xiii. 2-10, and 11-17, Deut. vi. 4-9, 13-
22. They are worn by Jews on the head and left arm, on week-day
mornings, during the time of prayer. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

3. Among the primitive Christians, a case in which the relics of the
dead were inclosed.

PHYLACTOCARP
Phy*lac"to*carp, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A branch of a plumularian hydroid specially modified in
structure for the protection of the gonothecæ.

PHYLACTOLAEMA; PHYLACTOLAEMATA
Phy*lac`to*læ"ma, Phy*lac`to*læ"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fresh-water Bryozoa in which the tentacles are
arranged on a horseshoe-shaped lophophore, and the mouth is covered
by an epistome. Called also Lophopoda, and hippocrepians.

PHYLACTOLAEMATOUS
Phy*lac`to*læ"ma*tous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Phylactolæma.

PHYLACTOLEMA; PHYLACTOLEMATA
Phy*lac`to*le"ma, Phy*lac`to*le"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Phylactolæma.

PHYLARCH
Phy"larch, n. Etym: [L. phylarchus, Gr. Phyle, and -arch.] (Gr.
Antiq.)

Defn: The chief of a phyle, or tribe.

PHYLARCHY
Phy"larch*y, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The office of a phylarch; government of a class or tribe.

PHYLE
Phy"le, n.; pl. Phylæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A local division of the people in ancient Athens; a clan; a
tribe.

PHYLLITE
Phyl"lite, n. Etym: [See Phylo-.] (Min.)
(a) A mineral related to ottrelite.
(b) Clay slate; argillaceous schist.

PHYLLO-
Phyl"lo-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. a leaf; as, phyllopod, phyllotaxy.

PHYLLOBRANCHIA
Phyl`lo*bran"chi*a, n.; pl. Phyllobranciæ. Etym: [NL. See Phyllo-,
and Branchia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A crustacean gill composed of lamellæ.

PHYLLOCLADIUM
Phyl`lo*cla"di*um, n.; pl. Phyllocladia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A flattened stem or branch which more or less resembles a leaf,
and performs the function of a leaf as regards respiration and
assimilation.

PHYLLOCYANIN
Phyl`lo*cy"a*nin, n. Etym: [Phyllo- + cyanin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A blue coloring matter extracted from chlorophyll. [Written
also phyllocyanine.]

PHYLLOCYST
Phyl"lo*cyst, n. Etym: [Phyllo- + cyst.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cavity of a hydrophyllium.

PHYLLODE
Phyl"lode, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Phyllodium.

PHYLLODINEOUS
Phyl`lo*din"eous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having phyllodia; relating to phyllodia.

PHYLLODIUM
Phyl*lo"di*um, n.; pl. Phyllodia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A petiole dilated into the form of a blade, and usually with
vertical edges, as in the Australian acacias.

PHYLLODY
Phyl"lo*dy, n. Etym: [See Phyllodium.] (Bot.)

Defn: A retrograde metamorphosis of the floral organs to the
condition of leaves.

PHYLLOID
Phyl"loid, a. Etym: [Phyllo- + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling a leaf.

PHYLLOMANIA
Phyl`lo*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Phyllo- + mania.] (Bot.)

Defn: An abnormal or excessive production of leaves.

PHYLLOME
Phyl"lome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A foliar part of a plant; any organ homologous with a leaf, or
produced by metamorphosis of a leaf.

PHYLLOMORPHOSIS
Phyl`lo*mor*pho"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Phyllo-, Morphosis.] (Bot.)

Defn: The succession and variation of leaves during different
seasons. R. Brown.

PHYLLOPHAGAN
Phyl*loph"a*gan, n. Etym: [Phyllo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of a group of marsupials including the phalangists.
(b) One of a tribe of beetles which feed upon the leaves of plants,
as the chafers.

PHYLLOPHAGOUS
Phyl*loph"a*gous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Substituting on leaves; leaf-eating.

PHYLLOPHOROUS
Phyl*loph"o*rous, a. Etym: [Phyllo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Leaf-bearing; producing leaves.

PHYLLOPOD
Phyl"lo*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Phyllopoda.

Note: [Also used adjectively.]

PHYLLOPODA
Phyl*lop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Entomostraca including a large number of species,
most of which live in fresh water. They have flattened or leaflike
legs, often very numerous, which they use in swimming. Called also
Branchiopoda.

Note: In some, the body is covered with a bivalve shell (Holostraca);
in others, as Apus, by a shield-shaped carapace (Monostraca); in
others, like Artemia, there is no carapace, and the body is regularly
segmented. Sometimes the group is made to include also the Cladocera.

PHYLLOPODOUS
Phyl*lop"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Phyllopoda.

PHYLLORHINE
Phyl"lo*rhine, a. Etym: [Phyllo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Phyllorhina and other related genera of
bats that have a leaflike membrane around the nostrils.

PHYLLOSOMA
Phyl`lo*so"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Phyllo-, and -some body.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of the spiny lobsters (Palinurus and allied genera).
Its body is remarkably thin, flat, and transparent; the legs are very
long. Called also glass-crab, and glass-shrimp.

PHYLLOSTOME
Phyl"lo*stome, n. Etym: [Phyllo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bat of the genus Phyllostoma, or allied genera, having
large membranes around the mouth and nose; a nose-leaf bat.

PHYLLOSTOMID
Phyl*los"to*mid, n.

Defn: A phyllostome.

PHYLLOTACTIC
Phyl`lo*tac"tic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to phyllotaxy.

PHYLLOTAXY; PHYLLOTAXIS
Phyl"lo*tax`y, Phyl"lo*tax`is, n. Etym: [Phyllo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The order or arrangement of leaves on the stem; the science of
the relative position of leaves.

PHYLLOUS
Phyl"lous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Homologous with a leaf; as, the sepals, petals, stamens, and
pistils are phyllous organs.

PHYLLOXANTHIN
Phyl`lo*xan"thin, n. Etym: [Phyllo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A yellow coloring matter extracted from chlorophyll.

PHYLLOXERA
Phyl`lox*e"ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small hemipterous insect (Phylloxera vastatrix) allied to the
aphids. It attacks the roots and leaves of the grapevine, doing great
damage, especially in Europe.

Note: It exists in several forms, some of which are winged, other
wingless. One form produces galls on the leaves and twigs, another
affects the roots, causing galls or swellings, and often killing the
vine.

2. The diseased condition of a vine caused by the insect just
described.

PHYLOGENESIS; PHYLOGENY
Phy`lo*gen"e*sis, Phy*log"e*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. genesis, or root of Gr.

Defn: The history of genealogical development; the race history of an
animal or vegetable type; the historic exolution of the phylon or
tribe, in distinction from ontogeny, or the development of the
individual organism, and from biogenesis, or life development
generally.

PHYLOGENETIC
Phy*lo*ge*net"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to phylogenesis, or the race history of a type of
organism.
 -- Phy*lo*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

PHYLON
Phy"lon, n.; pl. Phyla. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A tribe.

PHYLUM
Phy"lum, n.; pl. Phyla. Etym: [NL. See Phylon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the larger divisions of the animal kingdom; a branch; a
grand division.

PHYMA
Phy"ma, n.; pl. Phymata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A tubercle on any external part of the body.

PHYSA
Phy"sa, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fresh-water Pulmonifera, having reversed spiral
shells. See Pond snail, under Pond.

PHYSALIA
Phy*sa"li*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large oceanic Siphonophora which includes the
Portuguese man-of-war.

Note: It has a large air sac, or float, with a sail-like crest on its
upper side. Numerous zooids of different kinds are attached to the
under side of the float. Some of the zooids have very long tentacles;
some have a mouth and digest food; others produce gonophores. The
American species (Physalia arethusa) is brilliantly colored, the
float being pink or purple, and bright blue; the zooids blue. It is
noted for its virulent stinging powers, as well as for its beautiful
colors, graceful motions, and its ability to sail to windward.

PHYSALIAE
Phy*sa"li*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Siphonophora which includes Physalia.

PHYSEMARIA
Phys`e*ma"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of simple marine organisms, usually classed as the
lowest of the sponges. They have inflated hollow bodies.

PHYSETER
Phy*se"ter, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. physétère.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The genus that includes the sperm whale.

2. A filtering machine operated by air pressure.

PHYSIANTHROPY
Phys`i*an"thro*py, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The philosophy of human life, or the doctrine of the
constitution and diseases of man, and their remedies.

PHYSIC
Phys"ic, n. Etym: [OE. phisike, fisike, OF. phisique, F. physique
knowledge of nature, physics, L. physica, physice, fr. Gr. be. See
Be, and cf. Physics, Physique.]

1. The art of healing diseases; the science of medicine; the theory
or practice of medicine. "A doctor of physik." Chaucer.

2. A specific internal application for the cure or relief of
sickness; a remedy for disease; a medicine.

3. Specifically, a medicine that purges; a cathartic.

4. A physician. [R.] Shak. Physic nut (Bot.), a small tropical
American euphorbiaceous tree (Jatropha Curcas), and its seeds, which
are well flavored, but contain a drastic oil which renders them
dangerous if eaten in large quantities.

PHYSIC
Phys"ic, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Physiced; p. pr. & vb. n. Physicking.]

1. To treat with physic or medicine; to administer medicine to, esp.
a cathartic; to operate on as a cathartic; to purge.

2. To work on as a remedy; to heal; to cure.
The labor we delight in physics pain. Shak.
A mind diseased no remedy can physic. Byron.

PHYSICAL
Phys"ic*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to nature (as including all created existences);
in accordance with the laws of nature; also, of or relating to
natural or material things, or to the bodily structure, as opposed to
things mental, moral, spiritual, or imaginary; material; natural; as,
armies and navies are the physical force of a nation; the body is the
physical part of man.
Labor, in the physical world, is . . . employed in putting objects in
motion. J. S. Mill.
A society sunk in ignorance, and ruled by mere physical force.
Macaulay.

2. Of or pertaining to physics, or natural philosophy; treating of,
or relating to, the causes and connections of natural phenomena; as,
physical science; physical laws. "Physical philosophy." Pope.

3. Perceptible through a bodily or material organization; cognizable
by the senses; external; as, the physical, opposed to chemical,
characters of a mineral.

4. Of or pertaining to physic, or the art of medicine; medicinal;
curative; healing; also, cathartic; purgative. [Obs.] "Physical
herbs." Sir T. North.
Is Brutus sick and is it physical To walk unbraced, and suck up the
humors Of the dank morning Shak.
Physical astronomy, that part of astronomy which treats of the causes
of the celestial motions; specifically, that which treats of the
motions resulting from universal gravitation.
 -- Physical education, training of the bodily organs and powers with
a view to the promotion of health and vigor.
 -- Physical examination (Med.), an examination of the bodily
condition of a person.
 -- Physical geography. See under Geography.
 -- Physical point, an indefinitely small portion of matter; a point
conceived as being without extension, yet having physical properties,
as weight, inertia, momentum, etc.; a material point.
 -- Physical signs (Med.), the objective signs of the bodily state
afforded by a physical examination.

PHYSICALLY
Phys"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a physical manner; according to the laws of nature or
physics; by physical force; not morally.
I am not now treating physically of light or colors. Locke.

2. According to the rules of medicine. [Obs.]
He that lives physically must live miserably. Cheyne.

PHYSICIAN
Phy*si"cian, n. Etym: [OE. fisician, fisicien, OF. physucien, a
physician, in F., a natural philosopher, an experimentalist in
physics. See Physic.]

1. A person skilled in physic, or the art of healing; one duty
authorized to prescribe remedies for, and treat, diseases; a doctor
of medicine.

2. Hence, figuratively, one who ministers to moral diseases; as, a
physician of the soul.

PHYSICIANED
Phy*si"cianed, a.

Defn: Licensed as a physician. [Obs.] "A physicianed apothecary."
Walpole.

PHYSICISM
Phys"i*cism, n.

Defn: The tendency of the mind toward, or its preoccupation with,
physical phenomena; materialism in philosophy and religion.
Anthropomorphism grows into theology, while physicism (if I may so
call it) develops into science. Huxley.

PHYSICIST
Phys"i*cist, n.

Defn: One versed in physics.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A believer in the theory that the fundamental phenomena of life
are to be explained upon purely chemical and physical principles; --
opposed to vitalist.

PHYSICKING
Phys"ick*ing,

Defn: p. pr. & vb. n. fr. Physic, v. t.

PHYSICO-
Phys"i*co-. Etym: [Fr. Gr.

Defn: A combining form, denoting relation to, or dependence upon,
natural causes, or the science of physics.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL
Phys`i*co*chem"ic*al, a. Etym: [Physico- + chemical.]

Defn: Involving the principles of both physics and chemistry;
dependent on, or produced by, the joint action of physical and
chemical agencies. Huxley.

PHYSICOLOGIC
Phys`i*co*log"ic, n. Etym: [Physico- + logic.]

Defn: Logic illustrated by physics.

PHYSICOLOGICAL
Phys`i*co*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to physicologic. Swift.

PHYSICOLOGY
Phys`i*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Physico- + -logy.]

Defn: Physics. [R.] -- Phys`i*col"o*gist, n. [R.]

PHYSICO-MATHEMATICS
Phys`i*co-math`e*mat"ics, n. Etym: [Physico- + mathematics.]

Defn: Mixed mathematics.

PHYSICO-PHILOSOPHY
Phys`i*co-phi*los"o*phy, n. Etym: [Physico- + philosophy.]

Defn: The philosophy of nature.

PHYSICO-THEOLOGY
Phys`i*co-the*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Physico- + theology.]

Defn: Theology or divinity illustrated or enforced by physics or
natural philosophy.

PHYSICS
Phys"ics, n. Etym: [See Physic.]

Defn: The science of nature, or of natural objects; that branch of
science which treats of the laws and properties of matter, and the
forces acting upon it; especially, that department of natural science
which treats of the causes (as gravitation, heat, light, magnetism,
electricity, etc.) that modify the general properties of bodies;
natural philosophy.

Note: Chemistry, though a branch of general physics, is commonly
treated as a science by itself, and the application of physical
principles which it involves constitute a branch called chemical
physics, which treats more especially of those physical properties of
matter which are used by chemists in defining and distinguishing
substances.

PHYSIOCRAT
Phys"i*o*crat, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One of the followers of Quesnay of France, who, in the 18th
century, founded a system of political economy based upon the
supremacy of natural order. F. A. Walker.
 -- Phys`i*o*crat"ic, a.

PHYSIOGENY
Phys`i*og"e*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The germ history of the functions, or the history of the
development of vital activities, in the individual, being one of the
branches of ontogeny. See Morphogeny. Haeckel.

PHYSIOGNOMER
Phys`i*og"no*mer, n.

Defn: Physiognomist.

PHYSIOGNOMIC; PHYSIOGNOMICAL
Phys`i*og*nom"ic, Phys`i*og*nom"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.
physiognomonique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to physiognomy; according with the principles
of physiognomy.
 -- Phys`i*og*nom"ic*al*ly, adv.

PHYSIOGNOMIST
Phys`i*og*nom"ist, n.

Defn: Same as Physiognomy, 1.

PHYSIOGNOMIST
Phys`i*og"no*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. physiognomiste.]

1. One skilled in physiognomy. Dryden.

2. One who tells fortunes by physiognomy. Holland.

PHYSIOGNOMIZE
Phys`i*og"no*mize, v. t.

Defn: To observe and study the physiognomy of. [R.] Southey.

PHYSIOGNOMMONIC
Phys`i*og`no*mmon"ic, a.

Defn: Physiognomic.

PHYSIOGNOMY
Phys`i*og"no*my, n.; pl. Physiognomies. Etym: [OE. fisonomie,
phisonomie, fisnamie, OF. phisonomie, F. physiognomie,
physiognomonie, from Gr. Physic, and Know, and cf. Phiz.]

1. The art and science of discovering the predominant temper, and
other characteristic qualities of the mind, by the outward
appearance, especially by the features of the face.

2. The face or countenance, with respect to the temper of the mind;
particular configuration, cast, or expression of countenance, as
denoting character.

3. The art telling fortunes by inspection of the features. [Obs.]
Bale.

4. The general appearance or aspect of a thing, without reference to
its scientific characteristics; as, the physiognomy of a plant, or of
a meteor.

PHYSIOGONY
Phys`i*og"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The birth of nature. [R.] Coleridge.

PHYSIOGRAPHIC; PHYSIOGRAPHICAL
Phys`i*o*graph"ic, Phys`i*o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
physiographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to physiography.

PHYSIOGRAPHY
Phys`i*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. physiographie.]

Defn: The science which treats of the earth's exterior physical
features, climate, life, etc., and of the physical movements or
changes on the earth's surface, as the currents of the atmosphere and
ocean, the secular variations in heat, moisture, magnetism, etc.;
physical geography.

PHYSIOLATRY
Phys`i*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The worship of the powers or agencies of nature; materialism in
religion; nature worship. "The physiolatry of the Vedas." M.
Williams.

PHYSIOLOGER
Phys`i*ol"o*ger, n.

Defn: A physiologist.

PHYSIOLOGIC
Phys`i*o*log"ic, a. Etym: [L. physiologicus, Gr. physiologique.]

Defn: Physiological.

PHYSIOLOGICAL
Phys`i*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to physiology; relating to the science of the
functions of living organism; as, physiological botany or chemistry.

PHYSIOLOGICALLY
Phys`i*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a physiological manner.

PHYSIOLOGIST
Phys`i*ol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. physiologiste.]

Defn: One who is versed in the science of physiology; a student of
the properties and functions of animal and vegetable organs and
tissues.

PHYSIOLOGIZE
Phys`i*ol"o*gize, v. i.

Defn: To speculate in physiology; to make physiological
investigations. Cudworth.

PHYSIOLOGY
Phys`i*ol"o*gy, n.; pl. Physiologies. Etym: [L. physiologia, Gr.
physiologie.]

1. The science which treats of the phenomena of living organisms; the
study of the processes incidental to, and characteristic of, life.

Note: It is divided into animal and vegetable physiology, dealing
with animal and vegetable life respectively. When applied especially
to a study of the functions of the organs and tissues in man, it is
called human physiology.

2. A treatise on physiology. Mental physiology, the science of the
functions and phenomena of the mind, as distinguished from a
philosophical explanation of the same.

PHYSIOPHYLY
Phys`i*oph"y*ly, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The tribal history of the functions, or the history of the
paleontological development of vital activities, -- being a branch of
phylogeny. See Morphophyly. Haeckel.

PHYSIQUE
Phy*sique", n. Etym: [F. See Physic.]

Defn: The natural constitution, or physical structure, of a person.
With his white hair and splendid physique. Mrs. Stowe.

PHYSNOMY
Phys"no*my, n.

Defn: Physiogmony. [Obs.]

PHYSOCLIST
Phys"o*clist, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Physoclisti.

PHYSOCLISTI
Phys`o*clis"ti, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of teleost in which the air bladder has no opening.

PHYSOGRADE
Phys"o*grade, n. Etym: [Gr. gradi to walk, go.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any siphonophore which has an air sac for a float, as the
Physalia.

PHYSOPHORAE
Phy*soph"o*ræ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Siphonophora, furnished with an air sac, or float,
and a series of nectocalyces. See Illust. under Nectocalyx.

PHYSOPOD
Phy"so*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Physopoda; a thrips.

PHYSOPODA
Phy*sop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Thysanoptera.

PHYSOSTIGMINE
Phy`so*stig"mine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found in the Calabar bean (the seed of Physostigma
venenosum), and extracted as a white, tasteless, substance, amorphous
or crystalline; -- formerly called eserine, with which it was
regarded as identical.

PHYSOSTOMI
Phy*sos"to*mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes in which the air bladder is provided with a
duct, and the ventral fins, when present, are abdominal. It includes
the salmons, herrings, carps, catfishes, and others.

PHYSOSTOMOUS
Phy*sos"to*mous, a. (Zoöl.)
(a) Having a duct to the air bladder.
(b) Pertaining to the Physostomi.

PHYTELEPHAS
Phy*tel"e*phas, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of South American palm trees, the seeds of which
furnish the substance called vegetable ivory.

PHYTIVOROUS
Phy*tiv"o*rous, a. Etym: [Phyto- + L. vorare to eat greedily.]

Defn: Feeding on plants or herbage; phytophagous; as, phytivorous
animals. Ray.

PHYTO-
Phy"to-. Etym: [See Physic.]

Defn: A combining form from Gr. fyto`n a plant; as, phytochemistry,
phytography.

PHYTOCHEMICAL
Phy`to*chem"ic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to phytochemistry. R. Hunt.

PHYTOCHEMISTRY
Phy"to*chem"is*try, n. Etym: [Phyto- + chemistry.]

Defn: Chemistry in its relation to vegetable bodies; vegetable
chemistry. R. Hunt.

PHYTOCHIMY
Phy*toch"i*my, n. Etym: [F. phytochimie; Gr. chimie chemistry.]

Defn: Phytochemistry. [Obsoles.]

PHYTOGENESIS; PHYTOGENY
Phy`to*gen"e*sis, Phy*tog"e*ny, n. Etym: [Phyto- + genesis, or root
of Gr.

Defn: The doctrine of the generation of plants.

PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL
Phy`to*ge"o*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to phytogeography.

PHYTOGEOGRAPHY
Phy`to*ge*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Phyto- + geography.]

Defn: The geographical distribution of plants.

PHYTOGLYPHIC
Phy`to*glyph"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to phytoglyphy.

PHYTOGLYPHY
Phy*tog"ly*phy, n. Etym: [Phyto- + Gr.

Defn: See Nature printing, under Nature.

PHYTOGRAPHICAL
Phy`to*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phytographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to phytography.

PHYTOGRAPHY
Phy*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Phyto- + -graphy: cf. F. phytographie.]

Defn: The science of describing plants in a systematic manner; also,
a description of plants.

PHYTOID
Phy"toid, a. Etym: [Phyto- + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling a plant; plantlike.

PHYTOLACCA
Phy`to*lac"ca, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. lacca lac.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbaceous plants, some of them having berries which
abound in intensely red juice; poke, or pokeweed.

PHYTOLITE
Phy"to*lite, n. Etym: [Phyto- + -lite: cf. F. phytolithe.]

Defn: An old name for a fossil plant.

PHYTOLITHOLOGIST
Phy`to*li*thol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in phytolithology; a paleobotanist.

PHYTOLITHOLOGY
Phy`to*li*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Phyto- + lithology.]

Defn: The branch of science which treats of fossil plants; -- usually
called paleobotany, sometimes paleophytology.

PHYTOLOGICAL
Phy`to*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phytologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to phytology; botanical.

PHYTOLOGIST
Phy*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One skilled in phytology; a writer on plants; a botanist.
Evelyn.

PHYTOLOGY
Phy*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Phyto- + -logy: cf. F. phytologie.]

Defn: The science of plants; a description of the kinds and
properties of plants; botany. Sir T. Browne.

PHYTOMER; PHYTOMERON
Phy"to*mer, Phy*tom"e*ron, n. Etym: [NL. phytomeron, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: An organic element of a flowering plant; a phyton.

PHYTON
Phy"ton, n.; pl. Phytons. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the parts which by their repetition make up a flowering
plant, each being a single joint of a stem with its leaf or leaves; a
phytomer.

PHYTONOMY
Phy*ton"o*my, n. Etym: [Phyto- + Gr. phytonomie.]

Defn: The science of the origin and growth of plants.

PHYTOPATHOLOGIST
Phy`to*pa*thol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One skilled in diseases of plants.

PHYTOPATHOLOGY
Phy`to*pa*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Phyto- + pathology.]

Defn: The science of diseases to which plants are liable.

PHYTOPHAGA
Phy*toph"a*ga, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Hymenoptera; the sawflies.

PHYTOPHAGIC
Phy`to*phag"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Phytophagous.

PHYTOPHAGOUS
Phy*toph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Phyto- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feeding on plants; herbivorous; as, a phytophagous animal.

PHYTOPHAGY
Phy*toph"a*gy, n.

Defn: The eating of plants.

PHYTOPHYSIOLOGY
Phy`to*phys`i*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Phyto- + physiology.]

Defn: Vegetable physiology.

PHYTOTOMIST
Phy*tot"o*mist, n.

Defn: One versed in phytotomy.

PHYTOTOMY
Phy*tot"o*my, n. Etym: [Phyto- + Gr.

Defn: The dissection of plants; vegetable anatomy.

PHYTOZOARIA
Phy`to*zo*a"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Phytozoön.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Infusoria.

PHYTOZOON; PHYTOZOOEN
Phy`to*zo"ön, n.; pl. Phytozoa. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A plantlike animal. The term is sometimes applied to zoöphytes.

PHYZ
Phyz, n.

Defn: See Phiz.

PI
Pi, n. Etym: [See Pica, Pie magpie, service-book.] (Print.)

Defn: A mass of type confusedly mixed or unsorted. [Written also
pie.]

PI
Pi, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pied; p. pr. & vb. n. Pieing.] (Print.)

Defn: To put into a mixed and disordered condition, as type; to mix
and disarrange the type of; as, to pi a form. [Written also pie.]

PIACABA
Pi*aç"a*ba, n.

Defn: See Piassava.

PIACLE
Pi"a*cle, n. Etym: [L. piaculum a propitiatory sacrifice, that which
requires expiation, a wicked action, fr. piare to appease, to
expiate, pius pious.]

Defn: A heinous offense which requires expiation. [R.] Howell.

PIACULAR
Pi*ac"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. piacularis: cf. F. piaculaire.]

1. Expiatory; atoning. Sir G. C. Lewis.

2. Requiring expiation; criminal; atrociously bad. "Piacular
pollution." De Quincey.

PIACULARITY
Pi*ac`u*lar"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being piacular; criminality;
wickedness. De Quincey.

PIACULOUS
Pi*ac"u*lous, a.

Defn: Same as Piacular.

PIAL
Pi"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the pia mater.

PIA MATER
Pi"a ma"ter. Etym: [NL., fr. L. pia (fem. of pius tender, kind) +
mater mother.] (Anat.)

Defn: The delicate and highly vascular membrane immediately investing
the brain and spinal cord.

PIAN
Pian, n. Etym: [Pg. pian, epian, or. Sp. pian; from the native name
in South America: cf. F. pian.] (Med.)

Defn: The yaws. See Yaws.

PIANET
Pi"a*net`, n. Etym: [Cf. Pie magpie.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The magpie. [Written also pianate, and pyenate.]
(b) The lesser woodpecker. [Obs.] Bailey.

PIANETTE
Pi*a*nette", n. Etym: [Dim. of piano.] (Mus.)

Defn: A small piano; a pianino.

PIANINO
Pi`a*ni"no, n. Etym: [It., dim. of piano, adj. See Piano.] (Mus.)

Defn: A pianette, or small piano.

PIANISSIMO
Pi`a*nis"si*mo, a.Etym: [It., superl. of piano.] (Mus.)

Defn: Very soft; -- a direction to execute a passage as softly as
possible. (Abbrev. pp.)

PIANIST
Pi*an"ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pianiste, It. pianista.]

Defn: A performer, esp. a skilled performer, on the piano.

PIANO
Pi*a"no, a. & adv. Etym: [It., even, smooth, soft, fr. L. planus
even, level.] (Mus.)

Defn: Soft; -- a direction to the performer to execute a certain
passage softly, and with diminished volume of tone. (Abbrev. p.)

PIANO; PIANOFORTE
Pi*an"o, Pi*an"o*for`te, n. Etym: [It. piano soft (fr. L. planus
even, smooth; see Plain, a.) + It. forte strong, fr. L. fortis (see
Fort).] (Mus.)

Defn: A well-known musical instrument somewhat resembling the
harpsichord, and consisting of a sreies of wires of graduated length,
thickness, and tension, struck by hammers moved by keys. Dumb piano.
See Digitorium.
 -- Grand piano. See under Grand.
 -- Square piano, one with a horizontal frame and an oblong case.
 -- Upright piano, one with an upright frame and vertical wires.

PIANOGRAPH
Pi*an"o*graph, n. Etym: [Piano + -graph.] (Mus.)

Defn: A form of melodiograph applied to a piano.

PIAPEC
Pi"a*pec, n. Etym: [Cf. Pie a magpie.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African pie (Ptilostomus Senegalensis).

PIARIST
Pi"a*rist, n. Etym: [L. pius pious.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: One of a religious order who are the regular clerks of the
Scuole Pie (religious schools), an institute of secondary education,
founded at Rome in the last years of the 16th century. Addis &
Arnold.

PIASSAVA
Pi*as"sa*va, n. Etym: [Pg. piasaba.]

Defn: A fibrous product of two Brazilian palm trees (Attalea funifera
and Leopoldinia Piassaba), -- used in making brooms, and for other
purposes. Called also piaçaba and piasaba.

PIASTER
Pi*as"ter, n. Etym: [F. piastre, It. piastra a thin plate of metal, a
dollar, LL. piastra, fr. L. emplastrum. See Plaster.]

Defn: A silver coin of Spain and various other countries. See Peso.
The Spanish piaster (commonly called peso, or peso duro) is of about
the value of the American dollar. The Italian piaster, or scudo, was
worth from 80 to 100 cents. The Turkish and Egyptian piasters are now
worth about four and a half cents.

PIASTRE
Pi*as"tre, n.

Defn: See Piaster.

PIATION
Pi*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. piatio. See Piacle.]

Defn: The act of making atonement; expiation. [Obs.]

PIATTI
Pi*at"ti, n. pl. Etym: [It., prop., plates.] (Mus.)

Defn: Cymbals. [Written also pyatti.]

PIAZZA
Pi*az"za, n.; pl. Piazzas. Etym: [It., place, square, market place,
L. platea street, courtyard. See Place.]

Defn: An open square in a European town, especially an Italian town;
hence (Arch.), an arcaded and roofed gallery; a portico. In the
United States the word is popularly applied to a veranda.
We walk by the obelisk, and meditate in piazzas. Jer. Taylor.

PIBCORN
Pib"corn`, n. Etym: [W. pib pipe + corn horn.] (Mus.)

Defn: A wind instrument or pipe, with a horn at each end, -- used in
Wales.

PIBROCH
Pi"broch, n. Etym: [Gael. piobaireachd pipe music, fr. piobair a
piper, fr. pioba pipe, bagpipe, from English. See Pipe, n.]

Defn: A Highland air, suited to the particular passion which the
musician would either excite or assuage; generally applied to those
airs that are played on the bagpipe before the Highlanders when they
go out to battle. Jamieson.

PIC
Pic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pic.]

Defn: A Turkish cloth measure, varying from 18 to 28 inches.

PICA
Pi"ca, n. Etym: [L. pica a pie, magpie; in sense 3 prob. named from
some resemblance to the colors of the magpie. Cf. Pie magpie.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The genus that includes the magpies.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A vitiated appetite that craves what is unfit for food, as
chalk, ashes, coal, etc.; chthonophagia.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A service-book. See Pie. [Obs.]

4. (Print.)

Defn: A size of type next larger than small pica, and smaller than
English.

Note: This line is printed in pica

Note: Pica is twice the size of nonpareil, and is used as a standard
of measurement in casting leads, cutting rules, etc., and also as a
standard by which to designate several larger kinds of type, as
double pica, two-line pica, four-line pica, and the like. Small pica
(Print.), a size of type next larger than long primer, and smaller
than pica.

Note: This line is printed in small pica

PICADOR
Pic`a*dor", n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A horseman armed with a lance, who in a bullfight receives the
first attack of the bull, and excites him by picking him without
attempting to kill him.

PICAMAR
Pic"a*mar`, n. Etym: [L. pix, picis, pitch + amarus bitter.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oily liquid hydrocarbon extracted from the creosote of
beechwood tar. It consists essentially of certain derivatives of
pyrogallol.

PICAPARE
Pic"a*pare, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The finfoot.

PICARD
Pic"ard, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of Adamites in the fifteenth century; -- so
called from one Picard of Flanders. See Adamite.

PICARESQUE
Pic`a*resque", a. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. picaro rogue.]

Defn: Applied to that class of literature in which the principal
personage is the Spanish picaro, meaning a rascal, a knave, a rogue,
an adventurer.

PICARIAE
Pi*ca"ri*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. picus a woodpecker.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division of birds which includes the woodpeckers,
toucans, trogons, hornbills, kingfishers, motmots, rollers, and
goatsuckers. By some writers it is made to include also the cuckoos,
swifts, and humming birds.

PICARIAN
Pi*ca"ri*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Picariæ.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Picariæ.

PICAROON
Pic`a*roon", n. Etym: [Sp. picaron, aug. of picaro roguish, n., a
rogue.]

Defn: One who plunders; especially, a plunderer of wrecks; a pirate;
a corsair; a marauder; a sharper. Sir W. Temple.

PICAYUNE
Pic`a*yune", n. Etym: [From the language of the Caribs.]

Defn: A small coin of the value of six and a quarter cents. See
Fippenny bit. [Local, U.S.]

PICAYUNISH
Pic`a*yun"ish, a.

Defn: Petty; paltry; mean; as, a picayunish business. [Colloq. U.S.]

PICCADIL; PICCADILLY
Pic"ca*dil, Pic`ca*dil"ly, n. Etym: [OF. piccagilles the several
divisions of pieces fastened together about the brim of the collar of
a doublet, a dim. fr. Sp. picado, p.p. of picar to prick. See Pike.]

Defn: A high, stiff collar for the neck; also, a hem or band about
the skirt of a garment, -- worn by men in the 17th century.

PICCAGE
Pic"cage, n. Etym: [LL. piccadium, fr. F. piquer to prick.] (O. Eng.
Law)

Defn: Money paid at fairs for leave to break ground for booths.
Ainsworth.

PICCALILLI
Pic"ca*lil`li, n.

Defn: A pickle of various vegetables with pungent species, --
originally made in the East Indies.

PICCOLO
Pic"co*lo, n. Etym: [It., small.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A small, shrill flute, the pitch of which is an octave higher
than the ordinary flute; an octave flute.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A small upright piano.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: An organ stop, with a high, piercing tone.

PICE
Pice, n. Etym: [Hind. paisa]

Defn: A small copper coin of the East Indies, worth less than a cent.
Malcom.

PICEA
Pic"e*a, n. Etym: [L., the pitch pine, from pix, picis, pitch.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of coniferous trees of the northen hemisphere,
including the Norway spruce and the American black and white spruces.
These trees have pendent cones, which do not readily fall to pieces,
in this and other respects differing from the firs.

PICENE
Pi"cene, n. Etym: [See Piceous.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon (C

PICEOUS
Pic"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. piceus, fr. pix, picis, pitch.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to pitch; resembling pitch in color or
quality; pitchy.

PICHEY
Pi"chey, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Brazilian armadillo (Dasypus minutus); the little armadillo.
[Written also pichiy.]

PICHICIAGO
Pi`chi*ci*a"go, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, burrowing, South American edentate (Chlamyphorus
truncatus), allied to the armadillos. The shell is attached only
along the back. [Written also pichyciego.]

PICHURIM BEAN
Pich"u*rim bean`. (Bot.)

Defn: The seed of a Brazilian lauraceous tree (Nectandra Puchury) of
a taste and smell between those of nutmeg and of sassafras, --
sometimes used medicinally. Called also sassafras nut.

PICI
Pi"ci, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. picus a woodpecker.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of birds including the woodpeckers and wrynecks.

PICIFORM
Pi"ci*form, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Piciformes.

PICIFORMES
Pic`i*for"mes, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Picus, and -Form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of birds including the woodpeckers, toucans, barbets,
colies, kingfishes, hornbills, and some other related groups.

PICINE
Pi"cine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the woodpeckers (Pici), or to the
Piciformes.

PICK
Pick, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Picked; p. pr. & vb. n. Picking.] Etym:
[OE. picken, pikken, to prick, peck; akin to Icel. pikka, Sw. picka,
Dan. pikke, D. pikken, G. picken, F. piquer, W. pigo. Cf. Peck, v.,
Pike, Pitch to throw.]

1. To throw; to pitch. [Obs.]
As high as I could pick my lance. Shak.

2. To peck at, as a bird with its beak; to strike at with anything
pointed; to act upon with a pointed instrument; to pierce; to prick,
as with a pin.

3. To separate or open by means of a sharp point or points; as, to
pick matted wool, cotton, oakum, etc.

4. To open (a lock) as by a wire.

5. To pull apart or away, especially with the fingers; to pluck; to
gather, as fruit from a tree, flowers from the stalk, feathers from a
fowl, etc.

6. To remove something from with a pointed instrument, with the
fingers, or with the teeth; as, to pick the teeth; to pick a bone; to
pick a goose; to pick a pocket.
Did you pick Master Slender's purse Shak.
He picks clean teeth, and, busy as he seems With an old tavern quill,
is hungry yet. Cowper.

7. To choose; to select; to separate as choice or desirable; to cull;
as, to pick one's company; to pick one's way; -- often with out. "One
man picked out of ten thousand." Shak.

8. To take up; esp., to gather from here and there; to collect; to
bring together; as, to pick rags; -- often with up; as, to pick up a
ball or stones; to pick up information.

9. To trim. [Obs.] Chaucer. To pick at, to tease or vex by
pertinacious annoyance.
 -- To pick a bone with. See under Bone.
 -- To pick a thank, to curry favor. [Obs.] Robynson (More's Utopia).
 -- To pick off. (a) To pluck; to remove by picking. (b) To shoot or
bring down, one by one; as, sharpshooters pick off the enemy.
 -- To pick out. (a) To mark out; to variegate; as, to pick out any
dark stuff with lines or spots of bright colors. (b) To select from a
number or quantity.
 -- To pick to pieces, to pull apart piece by piece; hence [Colloq.],
to analyze; esp., to criticize in detail.
 -- To pick a quarrel, to give occasion of quarrel intentionally.
 -- To pick up. (a) To take up, as with the fingers. (b) To get by
repeated efforts; to gather here and there; as, to pick up a
livelihood; to pick up news.(c) to acquire (an infectious disease);
as, to pick up a cold on the airplane. (d) To meet (a person) and
induce to accompany one; as, to pick up a date at the mall. [See
several other defs in MW10]

PICK
Pick, v. i.

1. To eat slowly, sparingly, or by morsels; to nibble.
Why stand'st thou picking Is thy palate sore Dryden.

2. To do anything nicely or carefully, or by attending to small
things; to select something with care.

3. To steal; to pilfer. "To keep my hands from picking and stealing."
Book of Com. Prayer. To pick up, to improve by degrees; as, he is
picking up in health or business. [Colloq. U.S.]

PICK
Pick, n. Etym: [F. pic a pickax, a pick. See Pick, and cf. Pike.]

1. A sharp-pointed tool for picking; -- often used in composition;
as, a toothpick; a picklock.

2. (Mining & Mech.)

Defn: A heavy iron tool, curved and sometimes pointed at both ends,
wielded by means of a wooden handle inserted in the middle, -- used
by quarrymen, roadmakers, etc.; also, a pointed hammer used for
dressing millstones.

3. A pike or spike; the sharp point fixed in the center of a buckler.
[Obs.] "Take down my buckler . . . and grind the pick on 't." Beau. &
Fl.

4. Choice; right of selection; as, to have one's pick.
France and Russia have the pick of our stables. Ld. Lytton.

5. That which would be picked or chosen first; the best; as, the pick
of the flock.

6. (Print.)

Defn: A particle of ink or paper imbedded in the hollow of a letter,
filling up its face, and occasioning a spot on a printed sheet.
MacKellar.

7. (Painting)

Defn: That which is picked in, as with a pointed pencil, to correct
an unevenness in a picture.

8. (Weawing)

Defn: The blow which drives the shuttle, -- the rate of speed of a
loom being reckoned as so many picks per minute; hence, in describing
the fineness of a fabric, a weft thread; as, so many picks to an
inch. Pick dressing (Arch.), in cut stonework, a facing made by a
pointed tool, leaving the surface in little pits or depressions.
 -- Pick hammer, a pick with one end sharp and the other blunt, used
by miners.

PICKABACK
Pick"a*back`, adv.

Defn: On the back or shoulders; as, to ride pickback. [Written also
pickapack, pickback, and pickpack.]
A woman stooping to take a child pickaback. R,Jefferies.

PICKANINNY
Pick"a*nin`ny, n.; pl. Pickaninnies. Etym: [Cf. Sp. pequeño little,
young.]

Defn: A small child; especially, a negro or mulatto infant. [U.S. &
West Indies]

PICKAPACK
Pick"a*pack`, adv.

Defn: Pickaback.

PICKAX; PICKAXE
Pick"ax`, Pick"axe`, n. Etym: [A corruption of OE. pikois, pikeis, F.
picois, fr. pic. See Pick, n.]

Defn: A pick with a point at one end, a transverse edge or blade at
the other, and a handle inserted at the middle; a hammer with a
flattened end for driving wedges and a pointed end for piercing as it
strikes. Shak.

PICKBACK
Pick"back`, adv.

Defn: On the back.

PICKED
Pick"ed, a.

1. Pointed; sharp. "Picked and polished." Chapman.
Let the stake be made picked at the top. Mortimer.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a pike or spine on the back; -- said of certain fishes.

3. Carefully selected; chosen; as, picked men.

4. Fine; spruce; smart; precise; dianty. [Obs.] Shak. Picked dogfish.
(Zoöl.) See under Dogfish.
 -- Picked out, ornamented or relieved with lines, or the like, of a
different, usually a lighter, color; as, a carriage body dark green,
picked out with red.

PICKEDNESS
Pick"ed*ness, n.

1. The state of being sharpened; pointedness.

2. Fineness; spruceness; smartness. [Obs.]
Too much pickedness is not manly. B. Jonson.

PICKEER
Pick*eer", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pickeered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pickeering.] Etym: [F. picorer to go marauding, orig., to go to steal
cattle, ultimately fr. L. pecus, pecoris, cattle; cf. F. picorée, Sp.
pecorea robbery committed by straggling soldiers.]

Defn: To make a raid for booty; to maraud; also, to skirmish in
advance of an army. See Picaroon. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

PICKEERER
Pick*eer"er, n.

Defn: One who pickeers. [Obs.]

PICKER
Pick"er, n. Etym: [From Pick.]

1. One who, or that which, picks, in any sense, -- as, one who uses a
pick; one who gathers; a thief; a pick; a pickax; as, a cotton
picker. "Pickers and stealers." Shak.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A machine for picking fibrous materials to pieces so as to
loosen and separate the fiber.

3. (Weaving)

Defn: The piece in a loom which strikes the end of the shuttle, and
impels it through the warp.

4. (Ordnance)

Defn: A priming wire for cleaning the vent.

PICKEREL
Pick"er*el, n. Etym: [Dim. of Pike.] [Written also pickerell.]

1. A young or small pike. [Obs.]
Bet [better] is, quoth he, a pike than a pickerel. Chaucer.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of several species of freshwater fishes of the genus
Esox, esp. the smaller species.
(b) The glasseye, or wall-eyed pike. See Wall-eye.

Note: The federation, or chain, pickerel (Esox reticulatus) and the
brook pickerel (E. Americanus) are the most common American species.
They are used for food, and are noted for their voracity. About the
Great Lakes the pike is called pickerel. Pickerel weed (Bot.), a
blue-flowered aquatic plant (Pontederia cordata) having large arrow-
shaped leaves. So called because common in slow-moving waters where
pickerel are often found.

PICKERING
Pick"er*ing, n. Etym: [Probably a corruption of Pickerel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sauger of the St.Lawrence River.

PICKERY
Pick"er*y, n. Etym: [From Pick to steal; or perhaps from Pickeer.]

Defn: Petty theft. [Scot.] Holinshed.

PICKET
Pick"et, n. Etym: [F. piquet, properly dim. of pique spear, pike. See
Pike, and cf. Piquet.]

1. A stake sharpened or pointed, especially one used in fortification
and encampments, to mark bounds and angles; or one used for tethering
horses.

2. A pointed pale, used in marking fences.

3. Etym: [Probably so called from the picketing of the horses.]
(Mil.)

Defn: A detached body of troops serving to guard an army from
surprise, and to oppose reconnoitering parties of the enemy; --
called also outlying picket.

4. By extension, men appointed by a trades union, or other labor
organization, to intercept outsiders, and prevent them from working
for employers with whom the organization is at variance. [Cant]

5. A military punishment, formerly resorted to, in which the offender
was forced to stand with one foot on a pointed stake.

6. A game at cards. See Piquet. Inlying picket (Mil.), a detachment
of troops held in camp or quarters, detailed to march if called upon.
 -- Picket fence, a fence made of pickets. See def. 2, above.
 -- Picket guard (Mil.), a guard of horse and foot, always in
readiness in case of alarm.
 -- Picket line. (Mil.) (a) A position held and guarded by small
bodies of men placed at intervals. (b) A rope to which horses are
secured when groomed.
 -- Picketpin, an iron pin for picketing horses.

PICKET
Pick"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Picketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Picketing.]

1. To fortify with pointed stakes.

2. To inclose or fence with pickets or pales.

3. To tether to, or as to, a picket; as, to picket a horse.

4. To guard, as a camp or road, by an outlying picket.

5. To torture by compelling to stand with one foot on a pointed
stake. [Obs.]

PICKETEE
Pick`e*tee", n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Picotee.

PICK-FAULT
Pick"-fault`, n.

Defn: One who seeks out faults.

PICKING
Pick"ing, n.

1. The act of digging or breaking up, as with a pick.

2. The act of choosing, plucking, or gathering.

3. That which is, or may be, picked or gleaned.

4. Pilfering; also, that which is pilfered.

5. pl.

Defn: The pulverized shells of oysters used in making walks. [Eng.]
Simmonds.

6. (Mining)

Defn: Rough sorting of ore.

7. Overburned bricks. Simmonds.

PICKING
Pick"ing, a.

1. Done or made as with a pointed tool; as, a picking sound.

2. Nice; careful. [Obs.]
was too warm on picking work to dwell. Dryden.
Picking peg. (Weaving) See Picker, n., 3.

PICKLE
Pic"kle, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Picle.

PICKLE
Pic"kle, n. Etym: [Cf. D. pekel. Probably a dim. fr. Pick, v. t.,
alluding to the cleaning of the fish.]

1.
(a) A solution of salt and water, in which fish, meat, etc., may be
preserved or corned; brine.
(b) Vinegar, plain or spiced, used for preserving vegetables, fish,
eggs, oysters, etc.

2. Any article of food which has been preserved in brine or in
vinegar.

3. (Founding)

Defn: A bath of dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, etc., to remove
burnt sand, scale rust, etc., from the surface of castings, or other
articles of metal, or to brighten them or improve their color.

4. A troublesome child; as, a little pickle. [Colloq.] To be in a
pickle, to be in disagreeable position; to be in a condition of
embarrassment, difficulty, or disorder. "How cam'st thou in this
pickle" Shak.
 -- To put a rod in pickle, to prepare a particular reproof,
punishment, or penalty for future application.

PICKLE
Pic"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pickled; p. pr. & vb. n. Pickling.]

1. To preserve or season in pickle; to treat with some kind of
pickle; as, to pickle herrings or cucumbers.

2. To give an antique appearance to; -- said of copies or imitations
of paintings by the old masters.

PICKLED
Pic"kled, a.

Defn: Preserved in a pickle.

PICKLE-HERRING
Pic"kle-her"ring, n.

1. A herring preserved in brine; a pickled herring. [Obs.] Shak.

2. A merry-andrew; a buffoon. [Obs.] Addison.

PICKLER
Pic"kler, n.

Defn: One who makes pickles.

PICKLOCK
Pick"lock`, n.

1. An instrument for picking locks. Shak.

2. One who picks locks; a thief. "A picklock of secrets." Jer.
Taylor.

PICK-ME-UP
Pick"-me-up`, n.

Defn: A stimulant, restorative, or tonic; a bracer. [Colloq.]

PICKMIRE
Pick"mire`, n. Etym: [So called from its picking its food from the
mire.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pewit, or black-headed gull. [Prov. Eng.]

PICKNICK
Pick"nick, n.

Defn: See Picnic.

PICKPACK
Pick"pack`, adv.

Defn: Pickaback.

PICKPENNY
Pick"pen`ny, n.; pl. Pickpennies (.

Defn: A miser; also, a sharper. Dr. H. More.

PICKPOCKET
Pick"pock`et, n.

Defn: One who steals purses or other articles from pockets. Bentley.

PICKPURSE
Pick"purse`, n.

Defn: One who steals purses, or money from purses. Latimer. Shak.

PICKSY
Pick"sy, n.

Defn: See Pixy.

PICKTHANK
Pick"thank`, n.

Defn: One who strives to put another under obligation; an officious
person; hence, a flatterer. Used also adjectively.
Smiling pickthanks, and base newsmongers. Shak.

PICKTOOTH
Pick"tooth`, n.

Defn: A toothpick. [Obs.] Swift.

PICK-UP; PICKUP
Pick"-up, or Pick"up`, n. [Colloq., Cant. or Slang]

1. Act of picking up, as, in various games, the fielding or hitting
of a ball just after it strikes the ground.

2.  That which picks up; specif.: (Elec.)

Defn: = Brush b.

3.  One that is picked up, as a meal hastily got up for the occasion,
a chance acquaintance, an informal game, etc.

PICLE; PICKLE
Pi"cle, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. pightel or pingle.]

Defn: A small piece of land inclosed with a hedge; a close. [Obs.]
[Written also pickle.]

PI CLOTH
Pi"ña cloth`.

Defn: A fine material for ladies' shawls, scarfs, handkerchiefs,
etc., made from the fiber of the pineapple leaf, and perhaps from
other fibrous tropical leaves. It is delicate, soft, and transparent,
with a slight tinge of pale yellow.

PI CLOTH
Pi`ña cloth. [See Piña.]

Defn: A fine fabric for scarfs, handkerchiefs, embroidery, etc.,
woven from the fiber obtained from the leaf of the sterile pineapple
plant. It is delicate, soft, and transparent, with a tinge of pale
yellow.

PICNIC
Pic"nic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. piquenique. See Pick, v., and cf.
Knickknack.]

Defn: Formerly, an entertainment at which each person contributed
some dish to a common table; now, an excursion or pleasure party in
which the members partake of a collation or repast (usually in the
open air, and from food carried by themselves).

PICNIC
Pic"nic, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Picnicked; p. pr. & vb. n. Picnicking.]

Defn: To go on a picnic, or pleasure excursion; to eat in public
fashion.

PICNICKER
Pic"nick*er, n.

Defn: One who takes part in a picnic.

PICOID
Pi"coid, a. Etym: [Picus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the Pici.

PICOLINE
Pic"o*line, n. Etym: [L. pix, picis, pitch + oleum oil + -ine.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Any one of three isometric bases (C6H7N) related to pyridine,
and obtained from bone oil, acrolein ammonia, and coal-tar naphtha,
as colorless mobile liquids of strong odor; -- called also methyl
pyridine.

PICOT
Pi`cot", n. [F.]

Defn: One of many small loops, as of thread, forming an ornamental
border, as on a ribbon.

PICOTEE; PICOTINE
Pic`o*tee", Pic`o*tine", n. Etym: [F. picoté dotted, picked.] (Bot.)

Defn: A variety of carnation having petals of a light color variously
dotted and spotted at the edges.

PICQUET
Pic"quet, n.

Defn: See Piquet.

PICRA
Pi"cra, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The powder of aloes with canella, formerly officinal, employed
as a cathartic.

PICRATE
Pi"crate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of picric acid.

PICRIC
Pi"cric, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a strong organic acid (called
picric acid), intensely bitter.

Note: Picric acid is obtained by treating phenol with strong nitric
acid, as a brilliant yellow crystalline substance, C6H2(NO2)3.OH. It
is used in dyeing silk and wool, and also in the manufacture of
explosives, as it is very unstable when heated. Called also
trinitrophenol, and formerly carbazotic acid.

PICRITE
Pic"rite, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A dark green igneous rock, consisting largely of chrysolite,
with hornblende, augite, biotite, etc.

PICROLITE
Pic"ro*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.: cf. F. picrolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A fibrous variety of serpentine.

PICROMEL
Pic"ro*mel, n. Etym: [Gr. picromel.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: A colorless viscous substance having a bitter-sweet taste.

Note: It was formerly supposed to be the essential principle of the
bile, but is now known to be a mixture, principally of salts of
glycocholic and taurocholic acids.

PICROTOXIN
Pic`ro*tox"in, n. Etym: [Gr. toxic + -in.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter white crystalline substance found in the cocculus
indicus. It is a peculiar poisonous neurotic and intoxicant, and
consists of a mixture of several neutral substances.

PICRYL
Pi"cryl, n. Etym: [Picric + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical of picric acid, analogous to phenyl.

PICTISH
Pict"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Picts; resembling the Picts. "The Pictish
peer." Byron.

PICTOGRAPH
Pic"to*graph, n. Etym: [See Picture, and -graph.]

Defn: A picture or hieroglyph representing and expressing an idea.
 -- Pic`to*graph"ic, a.

PICTORIAL
Pic*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. pictorius, fr. pictor a painter, fr.
pingere to paint. See Paint.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to pictures; illustrated by pictures; forming
pictures; representing with the clearness of a picture; as, a
pictorial dictionary; a pictorial imagination. "Pictorial rhetoric."
Ruskin.
 -- Pic*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

PICTORIC; PICTORICAL
Pic*tor"ic, Pic*tor"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pictorial. [Obs.]

PICTS
Picts, n. pl.; sing. Pict (. Etym: [L. Picti; cf. AS. Peohtas.]
(Ethnol.)

Defn: A race of people of uncertain origin, who inhabited Scotland in
early times.

PICTURA
Pic*tu"ra, n. Etym: [L., a painting.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pattern of coloration.

PICTURABLE
Pic"tur*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being pictured, or represented by a picture.

PICTURAL
Pic"tur*al, a.

Defn: Pictorial. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

PICTURAL
Pic"tur*al, n.

Defn: A picture. [Obs.] Spenser.

PICTURE
Pic"ture, n. Etym: [L. pictura, fr. pingere, pictum, to paint: cf. F.
peinture. See Paint.]

1. The art of painting; representation by painting. [Obs.]
Any well-expressed image . . . either in picture or sculpture. Sir H.
Wotton.

2. A representation of anything (as a person, a landscape, a
building) upon canvas, paper, or other surface, produced by means of
painting, drawing, engraving, photography, etc.; a representation in
colors. By extension, a figure; a model.
Pictures and shapes are but secondary objects. Bacon.
The young king's picture . . . in virgin wax. Howell.

3. An image or resemblance; a representation, either to the eye or to
the mind; that which, by its likeness, brings vividly to mind some
other thing; as, a child is the picture of his father; the man is the
picture of grief.
My eyes make pictures when they are shut. Coleridge.

Note: Picture is often used adjectively, or in forming self-
explaining compounds; as, picture book or picture-book, picture frame
or picture-frame, picture seller or picture-seller, etc. Picture
gallery, a gallery, or large apartment, devoted to the exhibition of
pictures.
 -- Picture red, a rod of metal tube fixed to the walls of a room,
from which pictures are hung.
 -- Picture writing. (a) The art of recording events, or of
expressing messages, by means of pictures representing the actions or
circumstances in question. Tylor. (b) The record or message so
represented; as, the picture writing of the American Indians.

Syn.
 -- Picture, Painting. Every kind of representation by drawing or
painting is a picture, whether made with oil colors, water colors,
pencil, crayons, or India ink; strictly, a painting is a picture made
by means of colored paints, usually applied moist with a brush.

PICTURE
Pic"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pictured; p. pr. & vb. n. Picturing.]

Defn: To draw or paint a resemblance of; to delineate; to represent;
to form or present an ideal likeness of; to bring before the mind. "I
. . . do picture it in my mind." Spenser.
I have not seen him so pictured. Shak.

PICTURED
Pic"tured, a.

Defn: Furnished with pictures; represented by a picture or pictures;
as, a pictured scene.

PICTURER
Pic"tur*er, n.

Defn: One who makes pictures; a painter. [R.] Fuller.

PICTURESQUE
Pic`tur*esque", a. Etym: [It. pittoresco: cf. F. pittoresque. See
Pictorial.]

Defn: Forming, or fitted to form, a good or pleasing picture;
representing with the clearness or ideal beauty appropriate to a
picture; expressing that peculiar kind of beauty which is agreeable
in a picture, natural or artificial; graphic; vivid; as, a
picturesque scene or attitude; picturesque language.
What is picturesque as placed in relation to the beautiful and the
sublime It is . . . the characteristic pushed into a sensible excess.
De Quincey.
 -- Pic`tur*esque"ly, adv.
 -- Pic`tur*esque"ness, n.

PICTURESQUISH
Pic`tur*esqu"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat picturesque. [R.]

PICTURIZE
Pic"tur*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Picturized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Picturizing.] [R.]

1. To picture.

2. To adorn with pictures.

PICUL
Pic"ul, n. Etym: [Jav. & Malay pikul, fr. pikul to carry on the back,
to carry a burden; n., a man's burden.]

Defn: A commercial weight varying in different countries and for
different commodities. In Borneo it is 135tan. [Written also pecul,
and pecal.]

PICULET
Pic"u*let, n. Etym: [Dim. of Picus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of very small woodpeckers of the genus Picumnus and
allied genera. Their tail feathers are not stiff and sharp at the
tips, as in ordinary woodpeckers.

PICUS
Pi"cus, n.; pl. Pici. Etym: [L., a woodpecker.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of woodpeckers, including some of the common American
and European species.

PIDDLE
Pid"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Piddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Piddling.]
Etym: [Cf. dial. Sw. pittla to keep picking at, Sw. peta to pick.]

1. To deal in trifles; to concern one's self with trivial matters
rather than with those that are important. Ascham.

2. To be squeamishly nice about one's food. Swift.

3. To urinate; -- child's word.

PIDDLER
Pid"dler, n.

Defn: One who piddles.

PIDDLING
Pid"dling, a.

Defn: Trifling; trivial; frivolous; paltry; -- applied to persons and
things.
The ignoble hucksterage of piddling tithes. Milton.

PIDDOCK
Pid"dock, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Pholas; a pholad. See Pholas.

PIE
Pie, n. Etym: [OE. pie, pye; cf. Ir. & Gael. pighe pie, also Gael.
pige an earthen jar or pot. Cf. Piggin.]

1. An article of food consisting of paste baked with something in it
or under it; as, chicken pie; venison pie; mince pie; apple pie;
pumpkin pie.

2. See Camp, n., 5. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Pie crust, the paste of a
pie.

PIE
Pie, n. Etym: [F. pie, L. pica; cf. picus woodpecker, pingere to
paint; the bird being perhaps named from its colors. Cf. Pi, Paint,
Speight.]

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) A magpie.
(b) Any other species of the genus Pica, and of several allied
genera. [Written also pye.]

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The service book.

3. (Pritn.)

Defn: Type confusedly mixed. See Pi. By cock and pie, an adjuration
equivalent to "by God and the service book." Shak.
 -- Tree pie (Zoöl.), any Asiatic bird of the genus Dendrocitta,
allied to the magpie.
 -- Wood pie. (Zoöl.) See French pie, under French.

PIE
Pie, v. t.

Defn: See Pi.

PIEBALD
Pie"bald`, a. Etym: [Pie the party-colored bird + bald.]

1. Having spots and patches of black and white, or other colors;
mottled; pied. "A piebald steed of Thracian strain." Dryden.

2. Fig.: Mixed. "Piebald languages." Hudibras.

PIECE
Piece, n. Etym: [OE. pece, F. pièce, LL. pecia, petia, petium,
probably of Celtic origin; cf. W. peth a thing, a part, portion, a
little, Armor. pez, Gael. & Ir. cuid part, share. Cf. Petty.]

1. A fragment or part of anything separated from the whole, in any
manner, as by cutting, splitting, breaking, or tearing; a part; a
portion; as, a piece of sugar; to break in pieces.
Bring it out piece by piece. Ezek. xxiv. 6.

2. A definite portion or quantity, as of goods or work; as, a piece
of broadcloth; a piece of wall paper.

3. Any one thing conceived of as apart from other things of the same
kind; an individual article; a distinct single effort of a series; a
definite performance; especially:
(a) A literary or artistic composition; as, a piece of poetry, music,
or statuary.
(b) A musket, gun, or cannon; as, a battery of six pieces; a
following piece.
(c) A coin; as, a sixpenny piece; -- formerly applied specifically to
an English gold coin worth 22 shillings.
(d) A fact; an item; as, a piece of news; a piece of knowledge.

4. An individual; -- applied to a person as being of a certain nature
or quality; often, but not always, used slightingly or in contempt.
"If I had not been a piece of a logician before I came to him." Sir
P. Sidney.
Thy mother was a piece of virtue. Shak.
His own spirit is as unsettled a piece as there is in all the world.
Coleridge.
a piece of cake, a task easily accomplished. a piece of work, a
disparaging term for a person considered to have an excess of some
undesirable quality; esp. difficult or eccentric person. Piece of ass
vulgar term for a woman, considered as a partner in sexual
intercourse

5. (Chess)

Defn: One of the superior men, distinguished from a pawn.

6. A castle; a fortified building. [Obs.] Spenser. Of a piece, of the
same sort, as if taken from the same whole; like; -- sometimes
followed by with. Dryden.
 -- Piece of eight, the Spanish piaster, formerly divided into eight
reals.
 -- To give a piece of one's mind to, to speak plainly, bluntly, or
severely to (another). Tackeray.
 -- Piece broker, one who buys shreds and remnants of cloth to sell
again.
 -- Piece goods, goods usually sold by pieces or fixed portions, as
shirtings, calicoes, sheetings, and the like.

PIECE
Piece, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pieced; p. pr. & vb. n. Piecing.]

1. To make, enlarge, or repair, by the addition of a piece or pieces;
to patch; as, to piece a garment; -- often with out. Shak.

2. To unite; to join; to combine. Fuller.
His adversaries . . . pieced themselves together in a joint
opposition against him. Fuller.

PIECE
Piece, v. i.

Defn: To unite by a coalescence of parts; to fit together; to join.
"It pieced better." Bacon.

PIECELESS
Piece"less, a.

Defn: Not made of pieces; whole; entire.

PIECELY
Piece"ly, adv.

Defn: In pieces; piecemeal. [Obs.]

PIECEMEAL
Piece"meal`, adv. Etym: [OE. pecemele; pece a piece + AS. m, dat. pl.
of m part. See Meal a portion.]

1. In pieces; in parts or fragments. "On which it piecemeal brake."
Chapman.
The beasts will tear thee piecemeal. Tennyson.

2. Piece by piece; by little and little in succession.
Piecemeal they win, this acre first, than that. Pope.

PIECEMEAL
Piece"meal`, a.

Defn: Made up of parts or pieces; single; separate. "These piecemeal
guilts." Gov. of Tongue.

PIECEMEAL
Piece"meal`, n.

Defn: A fragment; a scrap. R. Vaughan.

PIECEMEALED
Piece"mealed`, a.

Defn: Divided into pieces.

PIECENER
Piece"ner, n.

1. One who supplies rolls of wool to the slubbing machine in woolen
mills.

2. Same as Piecer, 2.

PIECER
Pie"cer, n.

1. One who pieces; a patcher.

2. A child employed in spinning mill to tie together broken threads.

PIECEWORK
Piece"work`, n.

Defn: Work done by the piece or job; work paid for at a rate based on
the amount of work done, rather than on the time employed.
The reaping was piecework, at so much per acre. R. Jefferies.

PIED
Pied,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Pi, or Pie, v.

PIED
Pied, a. Etym: [From Pie the party-colored bird.]

Defn: Variegated with spots of different colors; party-colored;
spotted; piebald. "Pied coats." Burton. "Meadows trim with daisies
pied." Milton. Pied antelope (Zoöl.), the bontebok.
 -- Pied-billed grebe (Zoöl.), the dabchick.
 -- Pied blackbird (Zoöl.), any Asiatic thrush of the genus Turdulus.
 -- Pied finch (Zoöl.) (a) The chaffinch. (b) The snow bunting.
[Prov. Eng.] -- Pied flycatcher (Zoöl.), a common European flycatcher
(Ficedula atricapilla). The male is black and white.

PIEDMONT
Pied"mont, a. Etym: [F. pied foot + mont mountain.] (Geol.)

Defn: Noting the region of foothills near the base of a mountain
chain.

PIEDMONTITE
Pied"mont*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A manganesian kind of epidote, from Piedmont. See Epidote.

PIEDNESS
Pied"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being pied. Shak.

PIEDOUCHE
Pié`douche", n. Etym: [F., fr. It. peduccio console, corbel.]

Defn: A pedestal of small size, used to support small objects, as
busts, vases, and the like.

PIEDSTALL
Pied"stall, n.

Defn: See Pedestal. [Obs.]

PIEMAN
Pie"man, n.; pl. Piemen (.

Defn: A man who makes or sells pies.

PIEND
Piend, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. pind a peg.]

Defn: See Peen.

PIENO
Pi*e"no, a. Etym: [It., fr. L. plenus full.] (Mus.)

Defn: Full; having all the instruments.

PIEPLANT
Pie"plant`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Rheum Rhaponticum) the leafstalks of which are acid,
and are used in making pies; the garden rhubarb.

PIEPOUDRE; PIEPOWDER
Pie"pou`dre, Pie"pow`der, n. Etym: [Lit., dustyfoot, i.e., dusty-
footed dealers, fr. F. pied foot + poudreux dusty.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: An ancient court of record in England, formerly incident to
every fair and market, of which the steward of him who owned or had
the toll was the judge. Blackstone.

PIER
Pier, n. Etym: [OE. pere, OF. piere a stone, F. pierre, fr. L. petra,
Gr. Petrify.]

1. (Arch.)
(a) Any detached mass of masonry, whether insulated or supporting one
side of an arch or lintel, as of a bridge; the piece of wall between
two openings.
(b) Any additional or auxiliary mass of masonry used to stiffen a
wall. See Buttress.

2. A projecting wharf or landing place. Abutment pier, the pier of a
bridge next the shore; a pier which by its strength and stability
resists the thrust of an arch.
 -- Pier glass, a mirror, of high and narrow shape, to be put up
between windows.
 -- Pier table, a table made to stand between windows.

PIERAGE
Pier"age, n.

Defn: Same as Wharfage. Smart.

PIERCE
Pierce, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pierced; p. pr. & vb. n. Piercing.] Etym:
[OE. percen, F. percer, OF. percier, perchier, parchier; perh. fr.
(assumed) LL. pertusiare for pertusare, fr. L. pertundere, pertusum,
to beat, push, bore through; per through + tundere to beat: cf. OF.
pertuisier to pierce, F. pertuis a hole. Cf. Contuse, Parch,
Pertuse.]

1. To thrust into, penetrate, or transfix, with a pointed instrument.
"I pierce . . . her tender side." Dryden.

2. To penetrate; to enter; to force a way into or through; to pass
into or through; as, to pierce the enemy's line; a shot pierced the
ship.

3. Fig.: To penetrate; to affect deeply; as, to pierce a mystery.
"Pierced with grief." Pope.
Can no prayers pierce thee Shak.

PIERCE
Pierce, v. i.

Defn: To enter; to penetrate; to make a way into or through
something, as a pointed instrument does; -- used literally and
figuratively.
And pierced to the skin, but bit no more. Spenser.
She would not pierce further into his meaning. Sir P. Sidney.

PIERCEABLE
Pierce"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be pierced.

PIERCED
Pierced, a.

Defn: Penetrated; entered; perforated.

PIERCEL
Pier"cel, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perce.]

Defn: A kind of gimlet for making vents in casks; -- called also
piercer.

PIERCER
Pier"cer, n.

1. One who, or that which, pierces or perforates; specifically:
(a) An instrument used in forming eyelets; a stiletto.
(b) A piercel.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The ovipositor, or sting, of an insect.
(b) An insect provided with an ovipositor.

PIERCING
Pier"cing, a.

Defn: Forcibly entering, or adapted to enter, at or by a point;
perforating; penetrating; keen; -- used also figuratively; as, a
piercing instrument, or thrust. "Piercing eloquence." Shak.
 -- Pier"cing*ly, adv.
 -- Pier"cing*ness, n.

PIERIAN
Pi*e"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. Pierius, from Mount Pierus, in Thessaly,
sacred to the Muses.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Pierides or Muses.
Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring. Pope.

PIERID
Pi"er*id, n. Etym: [See Peirides.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any butterfly of the genus Pieris and related genera. See
Cabbage butterfly, under Cabbage.

PIERIDES
Pi*er"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Pierian.] (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The Muses.

PIERRE-PERDU
Pierre`-per`du", n. [F. pierre perdue lost stone.]

Defn: Blocks of stone or concrete heaped loosely in the water to make
a foundation (as for a sea wall), a mole, etc.

PIET
Pi"et, n. Etym: [Dim. of Pie a magpie: cf. F. piette a smew.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The dipper, or watter ouzel. [Scot.]
(b) The magpie. [Prov.Eng.] Jay piet (Zoöl.), the European jay.
[Prov.Eng.] -- Sea piet (Zoöl.), the oyster catcher. [Prov.Eng.]

PIETA
Pi*e*tà", n. Etym: [It.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: A representation of the dead Christ, attended by the Virgin
Mary or by holy women and angels. Mollett.

PIETISM
Pi"e*tism, n. Etym: [Cf. G. pietismus, F. piétisme.]

1. The principle or practice of the Pietists.

2. Strict devotion; also, affectation of devotion.
The Schöne Seele, that ideal of gentle pietism, in "Wilhelm Meister."
W. Pater.

PIETIST
Pi"e*tist, n. Etym: [Cf. G. pietist, F. piétiste. See Piety.] (Eccl.
Hist.)

Defn: One of a class of religious reformers in Germany in the 17th
century who sought to revive declining piety in the Protestant
churches; -- often applied as a term of reproach to those who make a
display of religious feeling. Also used adjectively.

PIETISTIC; PIETISTICAL
Pi`e*tis"tic, Pi`e*tis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Pietists; hence, in contempt,
affectedly or demonstratively religious. Addison.

PIETRA DURA
Pi*e"tra du"ra. Etym: [It., hard stone.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: Hard and fine stones in general, such as are used for inlay and
the like, as distinguished from the softer stones used in building;
thus, a Florentine mosaic is a familiar instance of work in pietra
dura, though the ground may be soft marble.

PIETY
Pi"e*ty, n. Etym: [F. piété; cf. It. pietà; both fr. L. pietas piety,
fr. pius pious. See Pious, and cf. Pity.]

1. Veneration or reverence of the Supreme Being, and love of his
character; loving obedience to the will of God, and earnest devotion
to his service.
Piety is the only proper and adequate relief of decaying man.
Rambler.

2. Duty; dutifulness; filial reverence and devotion; affectionate
reverence and service shown toward parents, relatives, benefactors,
country, etc.
Conferred upon me for the piety Which to my country I was judged to
have shown. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Religion; sanctity; devotion; godliness; holiness. See Religion.

PIEWIPE
Pie"wipe`, n. Etym: [So called from its note.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lapwing, or pewit. [Prov. Eng.]

PIEZOMETER
Pi`e*zom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. piézomètre.]

1. (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the compressibility of liquids.

2. (Physics)

Defn: A gauge connected with a water main to show the pressure at
that point.

PIFFERO; PIFFARA
Pif"fe*ro, Pif"fa*ra, n. Etym: [It. piffero.] (Mus.)

Defn: A fife; also, a rude kind of oboe or a bagpipe with an inflated
skin for reservoir.

PIFFLE
Pif"fle, v. i.  [imp. & p. p. Piffled; p. pr. & vb. n. Piffling.]

Defn: To be sequeamish or delicate; hence, to act or talk triflingly
or ineffectively; to twaddle; piddle. [Dial. or Slang]

PIFFLE
Pif"fle, n.

Defn: Act of piffling; trifling talk or action; piddling; twaddle.
[Dial. or Slang] "Futile piffle." Kipling.

PIG
Pig, n.

Defn: A piggin. [Written also pigg.]

PIG
Pig, n. Etym: [Cf. D. big, bigge, LG. bigge, also Dan. pige girl, Sw.
piga, Icel. pika.]

1. The young of swine, male or female; also, any swine; a hog. "Two
pigges in a poke." Chaucer.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any wild species of the genus Sus and related genera.

3. Etym: [Cf. Sow a channel for melted iron.]

Defn: An oblong mass of cast iron, lead, or other metal. See Mine
pig, under Mine.

4. One who is hoggish; a greedy person. [Low] Masked pig. (Zoöl.) See
under Masked.
 -- Pig bed (Founding), the bed of sand in which the iron from a
smelting furnace is cast into pigs.
 -- Pig iron, cast iron in pigs, or oblong blocks or bars, as it
comes from the smelting furnace. See Pig, 4.
 -- Pig yoke (Naut.), a nickname for a quadrant or sextant.
 -- A pig in a poke (that is, bag), a blind bargain; something bought
or bargained for, without the quality or the value being known.
[Colloq.]

PIG
Pig, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pigged; p. pr. & vb. n. Pigging.]

1. To bring forth (pigs); to bring forth in the manner of pigs; to
farrow.

2. To huddle or lie together like pigs, in one bed.

PIGEON
Pi"geon, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. pipio a young pipping or chirping bird,
fr. pipire to peep, chirp. Cf. Peep to chirp.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird of the order Columbæ, of which numerous species occur
in nearly all parts of the world.

Note: The common domestic pigeon, or dove, was derived from the Old
World rock pigeon (Columba livia). It has given rise to numerous very
remarkable varieties, such as the carrier, fantail, nun, pouter,
tumbler, etc. The common wild pigeons of the Eastern United States
are the passenger pigeon, and the Carolina dove. See under Passenger,
and Dove. See, also, Fruit pigeon, Ground pigeon, Queen pigeon, Stock
pigeon, under Fruit, Ground, etc.

2. An unsuspected victim of sharpers; a gull. [Slang] Blue pigeon
(Zoöl.), an Australian passerine bird (Graucalus melanops); -- called
also black-faced crow.
 -- Green pigeon (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Old World
pigeons belonging to the family Treronidæ.
 -- Imperial pigeon (Zoöl.), any one of the large Asiatic fruit
pigeons of the genus Carpophada.
 -- Pigeon berry (Bot.), the purplish black fruit of the pokeweed;
also, the plant itself. See Pokeweed.
 -- Pigeon English Etym: [perhaps a corruption of business English],
an extraordinary and grotesque dialect, employed in the commercial
cities of China, as the medium of communication between foreign
merchants and the Chinese. Its base is English, with a mixture of
Portuguese and Hindoostanee. Johnson's Cyc.
 -- Pigeon grass (Bot.), a kind of foxtail grass (Setaria glauca), of
some value as fodder. The seeds are eagerly eaten by pigeons and
other birds.
 -- Pigeon hawk. (Zoöl.) (a) A small American falcon (Falco
columbarius). The adult male is dark slate-blue above, streaked with
black on the back; beneath, whitish or buff, streaked with brown. The
tail is banded. (b) The American sharp-shinned hawk (Accipiter velox,
or fuscus).
 -- Pigeon hole. (a) A hole for pigeons to enter a pigeon house. (b)
See Pigeonhole. (c) pl. An old English game, in which balls were
rolled through little arches. Halliwell.
 -- Pigeon house, a dovecote.
 -- Pigeon pea (Bot.), the seed of Cajanus Indicus; a kind of pulse
used for food in the East and West Indies; also, the plant itself.
 -- Pigeon plum (Bot.), the edible drupes of two West African species
of Chrysobalanus (C. ellipticus and C. luteus).
 -- Pigeon tremex. (Zoöl.) See under Tremex.
 -- Pigeon wood (Bot.), a name in the West Indies for the wood of
several very different kinds of trees, species of Dipholis,
Diospyros, and Coccoloba.
 -- Pigeon woodpecker (Zoöl.), the flicker.
 -- Prairie pigeon. (Zoöl.) (a) The upland plover. (b) The golden
plover. [Local, U.S.]

PIGEON
Pi"geon, v. t.

Defn: To pluck; to fleece; to swindle by tricks in gambling. [Slang]
Smart.
He's pigeoned and undone. Observer.

PIGEON-BREASTED
Pi"geon-breast`ed, a.

Defn: Having a breast like a pigeon, -- the sternum being so
prominent as to constitute a deformity; chicken-breasted.

PIGEONFOOT
Pi"geon*foot`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The dove's-foot geranium (Geranium molle).

PIGEON-HEARTED
Pi"geon-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Timid; easily frightened; chicken-hearted. Beau. & Fl.

PIGEONHOLE
Pi"geon*hole`, n.

Defn: A small compartment in a desk or case for the keeping of
letters, documents, etc.; -- so called from the resemblance of a row
of them to the compartments in a dovecote. Burke.

PIGEONHOLE
Pi"geon*hole`, v. t.

Defn: To place in the pigeonhole of a case or cabinet; hence, to put
away; to lay aside indefinitely; as, to pigeonhole a letter or a
report.

PIGEON-LIVERED
Pi"geon-liv`ered, a.

Defn: Pigeon-hearted.

PIGEONRY
Pi"geon*ry, n.

Defn: A place for pigeons; a dovecote.

PIGEONTOED
Pi"geon*toed`, a.

Defn: Having the toes turned in.

PIGEONWING
Pi"geon*wing`, n.

1. A wing of a pigeon, or a wing like it.

2.  An old mode of dressing men's side hair in a form likened to a
pigeon's wings; also, a wig similarly shaped.

3.  (Dancing) A fancy step executed by jumping and striking the legs
together; as, to cut a pigeonwing.

4.  A certain fancy figure in skating.

5.  (Tempering) A color, brown shaded with purple, coming between
dark brown and light blue in the table of colors in drawing the
temper of hardened steel.

PIG-EYED
Pig"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having small, deep-set eyes.

PIGFISH
Pig"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of several species of salt-water grunts; -- called also
hogfish.
(b) A sculpin. The name is also applied locally to several other
fishes.

PIGFOOT
Pig"foot`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine fish (Scorpæna porcus), native of Europe. It is
reddish brown, mottled with dark brown and black.

PIGG
Pigg, n.

Defn: A piggin. See 1st Pig. Sir W. Scott.

PIGGERY
Pig"ger*y, n.; pl. Piggeries (.

Defn: A place where swine are kept.

PIGGIN
Pig"gin, n. Etym: [Scot.; cf. Gael. pigean, dim. of pigeadh, pige, an
earthen jar, pitcher, or pot, Ir. pigin, pighead, W. piccyn.]

Defn: A small wooden pail or tub with an upright stave for a handle,
-- often used as a dipper.

PIGGISH
Pig"gish, a.

Defn: Relating to, or like, a pig; greedy.

PIG-HEADED
Pig"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a head like a pig; hence, figuratively: stupidity
obstinate; perverse; stubborn. B. Jonson.
 -- Pig"-head`ed*ness, n.

PIGHT
Pight, imp. & p. p. of Pitch, to throw; -- used also adjectively.

Defn: Pitched; fixed; determined. [Obs.]
[His horse] pight him on the pommel of his head. Chaucer.
I found him pight to do it. Shak.

PIGHTEL
Pigh"tel, n. Etym: [Cf. Pight, Picle.]

Defn: A small inclosure. [Written also pightle.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

PIG-JAWED
Pig"-jawed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the upper jaw projecting beyond the lower, with the
upper incisors in advance of the lower; -- said of dogs.

PIGMEAN
Pig*me"an, a.

Defn: See Pygmean.

PIGMENT
Pig"ment, n. Etym: [L. pigmentum, fr. the root of pingere to paint:
cf. F. pigment. See Paint, and cf. Pimento, Orpiment.]

1. Any material from which a dye, a paint, or the like, may be
prepared; particularly, the refined and purified coloring matter
ready for mixing with an appropriate vehicle.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Any one of the colored substances found in animal and vegetable
tissues and fluids, as bilirubin, urobilin, chlorophyll, etc.

3. Wine flavored with species and honey. Sir W. Scott. Pigment cell
(Physiol.), a small cell containing coloring matter, as the pigmented
epithelial cells of the choroid and iris, or the pigmented connective
tissue cells in the skin of fishes, reptiles, etc.

PIGMENTAL; PIGMENTARY
Pig*men"tal, Pig"men*ta*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pigments; furnished with pigments.
Dunglison. Pigmentary degeneration (Med.), a morbid condition in
which an undue amount of pigment is deposited in the tissues.

PIGMENTATION
Pig`men*ta"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: A deposition, esp. an excessive deposition, of coloring matter;
as, pigmentation of the liver.

PIGMENTED
Pig"ment*ed, a.

Defn: Colored; specifically (Biol.), filled or imbued with pigment;
as, pigmented epithelial cells; pigmented granules.

PIGMENTOUS
Pig*men"tous, a.

Defn: Pigmental.

PIGMY
Pig"my, n.

Defn: See Pygmy. Pigmy falcon. (Zoöl.) Same as Falconet, 2 (a).

PIGNERATE
Pig"ner*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. pigneratus, p.p. of pignerate to
pledge.]

1. To pledge or pawn. [Obs.]

2. to receive in pawn, as a pawnbroker does. [Obs.]

PIGNORATION
Pig`no*ra"tion, n. Etym: [LL. pignoratio, L. pigneratio, fr.
pignerate to pledge, fr. pignus, gen. -ous and -eris, a pledge, a
pawn: cf. F. pignoration.]

1. The act of pledging or pawning.

2. (Civil Law)

Defn: The taking of cattle doing damage, by way of pledge, till
satisfaction is made. Burrill.

PIGNORATIVE
Pig"no*ra*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pignoratif.]

Defn: Pledging, pawning. [R.]

PIGNUS
Pig"nus, n.; pl. Pignora. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Law)

Defn: A pledge or pawn.

PIGNUT
Pig"nut, n. (Bot.)
(a) See Groundnut (d).
(b) The bitter-flavored nut of a species of hickory (Carya glabra, or
porcina); also, the tree itself.

PIGPEN
Pig"pen`, n.

Defn: A pen, or sty, for pigs.

PIGSKIN
Pig"skin`, n.

Defn: The skin of a pig, -- used chiefly for making saddles; hence, a
colloquial or slang term for a saddle.

PIGSNEY
Pigs"ney, n. Etym: [Perh. a dim. of Dan. pige a girl, or Sw. piga; or
from E. pig's eye.]

Defn: A word of endearment for a girl or woman. [Obs.] [Written also
pigsnie, pigsny, etc.] Chaucer.

PIG-STICKING
Pig"-stick`ing, n.

Defn: Boar hunting; -- so called by Anglo-Indians. [Colloq.]
Tackeray.

PIGSTY
Pig"sty`, n.; pl. Pigsties (.

Defn: A pigpen.

PIGTAIL
Pig"tail`, n.

1. The tail of a pig.

2. (Hair Dressing)

Defn: A cue, or queue. J. & H. Smith.

3. A kind of twisted chewing tobacco.
The tobacco he usually cheweth, called pigtail. Swift.

PIGTAILED
Pig"tailed`, a.

Defn: Having a tail like a pig's; as, the pigtailed baboon.

PIGWEED
Pig"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name of several annual weeds. See Goosefoot, and Lamb's-
quarters.

PIGWIDGEON
Pig"wid`geon, n. Etym: [Written also pigwidgin and pigwiggen.]

Defn: A cant word for anything petty or small. It is used by Drayton
as the name of a fairy.

PIKA
Pi"ka, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of rodents of the genus Lagomys,
resembling small tailless rabbits. They inhabit the high mountains of
Asia and America. Called also calling hare, and crying hare. See
Chief hare.

PIKE
Pike, n. Etym: [F. pique; perhaps of Celtic origin; cf. W. pig a
prick, a point, beak, Arm. pik pick. But cf. also L. picus woodpecker
(see Pie magpie), and E. spike. Cf. Pick, n. & v., Peak, Pique.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A foot soldier's weapon, consisting of a long wooden shaft or
staff, with a pointed steel head. It is now superseded by the
bayonet.

2. A pointed head or spike; esp., one in the center of a shield or
target. Beau. & Fl.

3. A hayfork. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser.

4. A pick. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Raymond.

5. A pointed or peaked hill. [R.]

6. A large haycock. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

7. A turnpike; a toll bar. Dickens.

8. (Zoöl.) sing. & pl.

Defn: A large fresh-water fish (Esox lucius), found in Europe and
America, highly valued as a food fish; -- called also pickerel, gedd,
luce, and jack.

Note: Blue pike, grass pike, green pike, wall-eyed pike, and yellow
pike, are names, not of true pike, but of the wall-eye. See Wall-eye.
Gar pike. See under Gar.
 -- Pike perch (Zoöl.), any fresh-water fish of the genus
Stizostedion (formerly Lucioperca). See Wall-eye, and Sauger.
 -- Pike pole, a long pole with a pike in one end, used in directing
floating logs.
 -- Pike whale (Zoöl.), a finback whale of the North Atlantic
(Balænoptera rostrata), having an elongated snout; -- called also
piked whale.
 -- Sand pike (Zoöl.), the lizard fish.
 -- Sea pike (Zoöl.), the garfish (a).

PIKED
Piked, a.

Defn: Furnished with a pike; ending in a point; peaked; pointed.
"With their piked targets bearing them down." Milton.

PIKE-DEVANT
Pike`-de*vant", n. Etym: [Pike point (fr. F. pique) + F. devant
before.]

Defn: A pointed beard. [Obs.]

PIKELET; PIKELIN
Pike"let, Pike"lin, n.

Defn: A light, thin cake or muffin. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

PIKEMAN
Pike"man, n.; pl. Pikeman (.

1. A soldier armed with a pike. Knolles.

2. A miner who works with a pick. Beaconsfield.

3. A keeper of a turnpike gate. T. Hughes.

PIKESTAFF
Pike"staff`, n.

1. The staff, or shaft, of a pike.

2. A staff with a spike in the lower end, to guard against slipping.
Sir W. Scott.

PIKETAIL
Pike"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Pintail, 1.

PIKROLITE
Pik"ro*lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Picrolite.

PILAGE
Pi"lage, n.

Defn: See Pelage.

PILASTER
Pi*las"ter, n. Etym: [F. pilastre, It. pilastro, LL. pilastrum, fr.
L. pila a pillar. See Pillar.] (Arch.)

Defn: An upright architectural member right-angled in plan,
constructionally a pier (See Pier, 1 (b)), but architecturally
corresponding to a column, having capital, shaft, and base to agree
with those of the columns of the same order. In most cases the
projection from the wall is one third of its width, or less.

PILASTERED
Pi*las"tered, a.

Defn: Furnished with pilasters.

PILAU
Pi*lau", n.

Defn: See Pillau.

PILCH
Pilch, n. Etym: [AS. pylce, pylece, LL. pellicia. See Pelisse, and
Pelt skin.]

Defn: A gown or case of skin, or one trimmed or lined with fur.
[Obs.]

PILCHARD
Pil"chard, n. Etym: [Cf. It. pilseir, W. pilcod minnows.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European food fish (Clupea pilchardus) resembling the
herring, but thicker and rounder. It is sometimes taken in great
numbers on the coast of England.
Fools are as like husbands as pilchards are to herrings. Shak.

PILCHER
Pilch"er, n. Etym: [From Pilch.]

Defn: A scabbard, as of a sword. [Obs.] Shak.

PILCHER
Pilch"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pilchard.

PILCROW
Pil"crow, n. Etym: [A corruption of Paragraph.] (Print.)

Defn: a paragraph mark, . [Obs.] Tusser.

PILE
Pile, n. Etym: [L. pilus hair. Cf. Peruke.]

1. A hair; hence, the fiber of wool, cotton, and the like; also, the
nap when thick or heavy, as of carpeting and velvet.
Velvet soft, or plush with shaggy pile. Cowper.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A covering of hair or fur.

PILE
Pile, n. Etym: [L. pilum javelin. See Pile a stake.]

Defn: The head of an arrow or spear. [Obs.] Chapman.

PILE
Pile, n. Etym: [AS. pil arrow, stake, L. pilum javelin; but cf. also
L. pila pillar.]

1. A large stake, or piece of timber, pointed and driven into the
earth, as at the bottom of a river, or in a harbor where the ground
is soft, for the support of a building, a pier, or other
superstructure, or to form a cofferdam, etc.

Note: Tubular iron piles are now much used.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. pile.] (Her.)

Defn: One of the ordinaries or subordinaries having the form of a
wedge, usually placed palewise, with the broadest end uppermost. Pile
bridge, a bridge of which the roadway is supported on piles.
 -- Pile cap, a beam resting upon and connecting the heads of piles.
 -- Pile driver, or Pile engine, an apparatus for driving down piles,
consisting usually of a high frame, with suitable appliances for
raising to a height (by animal or steam power, the explosion of
gunpowder, etc.) a heavy mass of iron, which falls upon the pile.
 -- Pile dwelling. See Lake dwelling, under Lake.
 -- Pile plank (Hydraul. Eng.), a thick plank used as a pile in sheet
piling. See Sheet piling, under Piling.
 -- Pneumatic pile. See under Pneumatic.
 -- Screw pile, one with a screw at the lower end, and sunk by
rotation aided by pressure.

PILE
Pile, v. t.

Defn: To drive piles into; to fill with piles; to strengthen with
piles. To sheet-pile, to make sheet piling in or around. See Sheet
piling, under 2nd Piling.

PILE
Pile, n. Etym: [F. pile, L. pila a pillar, a pier or mole of stone.
Cf. Pillar.]

1. A mass of things heaped together; a heap; as, a pile of stones; a
pile of wood.

2. A mass formed in layers; as, a pile of shot.

3. A funeral pile; a pyre. Dryden.

4. A large building, or mass of buildings.
The pile o'erlooked the town and drew the fight. Dryden.

5. (Iron Manuf.)

Defn: Same as Fagot, n., 2.

6. (Elec.)

Defn: A vertical series of alternate disks of two dissimilar metals,
as copper and zinc, laid up with disks of cloth or paper moistened
with acid water between them, for producing a current of electricity;
-- commonly called Volta's pile, voltaic pile, or galvanic pile.

Note: The term is sometimes applied to other forms of apparatus
designed to produce a current of electricity, or as synonymous with
battery; as, for instance, to an apparatus for generating a current
of electricity by the action of heat, usually called a thermopile.

7. Etym: [F. pile pile, an engraved die, L. pila a pillar.]

Defn: The reverse of a coin. See Reverse. Cross and pile. See under
Cross.
 -- Dry pile. See under Dry.

PILE
Pile, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piled; p. pr. & vb. n. Piling.]

1. To lay or throw into a pile or heap; to heap up; to collect into a
mass; to accumulate; to amass; -- often with up; as, to pile up wood.
"Hills piled on hills." Dryden. "Life piled on life." Tennyson.
The labor of an age in piled stones. Milton.

2. To cover with heaps; or in great abundance; to fill or overfill;
to load. To pile arms or muskets (Mil.), to place three guns together
so that they may stand upright, supporting each other; to stack arms.

PILEATE; PILEATED
Pi"le*ate, Pi"le*a`ted, a. Etym: [L. pileatus, fr. pileus a felt cap
or hat.]

1. Having the form of a cap for the head.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a crest covering the pileus, or whole top of the head.
Pileated woodpecker (Zoöl.), a large American woodpecker (Ceophloeus
pileatus). It is black, with a bright red pointed crest. Called also
logcock, and woodcock.

PILED
Piled, a. Etym: [From 2d Pile.]

Defn: Having a pile or point; pointed. [Obs.] "Magus threw a spear
well piled." Chapman.

PILED
Piled, a. Etym: [From 1d Pile.]

Defn: Having a pile or nap. "Three-piled velvet." L. Barry (1611).

PILED
Piled, a. Etym: [From 6d Pile.] (Iron Manuf.)

Defn: Formed from a pile or fagot; as, piled iron.

PILEIFORM
Pi*le"i*form, a. Etym: [Pileus + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of a pileus or cap; pileate.

PILEMENT
Pile"ment, n. Etym: [From Pile to lay into a heap.]

Defn: An accumulation; a heap. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

PILENTUM
Pi*len"tum, n.; pl. Pilenta. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An easy chariot or carriage, used by Roman ladies, and in which
the vessels, etc., for sacred rites were carried.

PILEORHIZA
Pi`le*o*rhi"za, n.; pl. Pilorhizæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A cap of cells which covers the growing extremity of a root; a
rootcap.

PILEOUS
Pi"le*ous, a. Etym: [See Pilous.]

Defn: Consisting of, or covered with, hair; hairy; pilose.

PILER
Pil"er, n.

Defn: One who places things in a pile.

PILES
Piles, n. pl. Etym: [L. pila a ball. Cf. Pill a medicine.] (Med.)

Defn: The small, troublesome tumors or swellings about the anus and
lower part of the rectum which are technically called hemorrhoids.
See Hemorrhoids.

Note: [The singular pile is sometimes used.] Blind piles, hemorrhoids
which do not bleed.

PILEUS
Pi"le*us, n.; pl. Pilei. Etym: [L., a felt cap.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A kind of skull cap of felt.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The expanded upper portion of many of the fungi. See Mushroom.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The top of the head of a bird, from the bill to the nape.

PILEWORM
Pile"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The teredo.

PILE-WORN
Pile"-worn`, a.

Defn: Having the pile worn off; threadbare.

PILEWORT
Pile"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Ranunculus Ficaria of Linnæus) whose tuberous roots
have been used in poultices as a specific for the piles. Forsyth.

PILFER
Pil"fer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pilfered; p. pr. & vb. n. Pilfering.]
Etym: [OF. pelfrer. See Pelf.]

Defn: To steal in small quantities, or articles of small value; to
practice petty theft.

PILFER
Pil"fer, v. t.

Defn: To take by petty theft; to filch; to steal little by little.
And not a year but pilfers as he goes Some youthful grace that age
would gladly keep. Cowper.

PILFERER
Pil"fer*er, n.

Defn: One who pilfers; a petty thief.

PILFERING
Pil"fer*ing, a.

Defn: Thieving in a small way. Shak.
 -- n.

Defn: Petty theft.
 -- Pil"fer*ing*ly, adv.

PILFERY
Pil"fer*y, n.

Defn: Petty theft. [R.] Sir T. North.

PILGARLIC
Pil*gar"lic, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: One who has lost his hair by disease; a sneaking fellow, or one
who is hardly used.

PILGRIM
Pil"grim, n. Etym: [OE. pilgrim, pelgrim, pilegrim, pelegrim; cf. D.
pelgrim, OHG. piligrim, G. pilger, F. pèlerin, It. pellegrino; all
fr. L. peregrinus a foreigner, fr. pereger abroad; per through + ager
land, field. See Per-, and Acre, and cf. Pelerine, Peregrine.]

1. A wayfarer; a wanderer; a traveler; a stranger.
Strangers and pilgrims on the earth. Heb. xi. 13.

2. One who travels far, or in strange lands, to visit some holy place
or shrine as a devotee; as, a pilgrim to Loretto; Canterbury
pilgrims. See Palmer. P. Plowman.

PILGRIM
Pil"grim, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pilgrim, or pilgrims; making pilgrimages.
"With pilgrim steps." Milton. Pilgrim fathers, a name popularly given
to the one hundred and two English colonists who landed from the
Mayflower and made the first settlement in New England at Plymouth in
1620. They were separatists from the Church of England, and most of
them had sojourned in Holland.

PILGRIM
Pil"grim, v. i.

Defn: To journey; to wander; to ramble. [R.] Grew. Carlyle.

PILGRIMAGE
Pil"grim*age, n. Etym: [OE. pilgrimage, pelgrinage; cf. F.
pèlerinage.]

1. The journey of a pilgrim; a long journey; especially, a journey to
a shrine or other sacred place. Fig., the journey of human life.
Shak.
The days of the years of my pilgrimage. Gen. xlvii. 9.

2. A tedious and wearisome time.
In prison hast thou spent a pilgrimage. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Journey; tour; excursion. See Journey.

PILGRIMIZE
Pil"grim*ize, v. i.

Defn: To wander as a pilgrim; to go on a pilgrimage. [Obs.] B.
Jonson.

PILIDIUM
Pi*lid"i*um, n.; pl. Pildia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The free-swimming, hat-shaped larva of certain nemertean worms.
It has no resemblance to its parent, and the young worm develops in
its interior.

PILIFERA
Pi*lif"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Piliferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Mammalia.

PILIFEROUS
Pi*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. pilus hair + -ferous: cf. F. pilifère.]

1. Bearing a single slender bristle, or hair.

2. Beset with hairs.

PILIFORM
Pil"i*form, a. Etym: [L. pilus hair + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling hairs or down.

PILIGEROUS
Pi*lig"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. pilus hair + -gerous: cf. F. piligère.]

Defn: Bearing hair; covered with hair or down; piliferous.

PILING
Pil"ing, n. Etym: [See Pile a heap.]

1. The act of heaping up.

2. (Iron Manuf.)

Defn: The process of building up, heating, and working, fagots, or
piles, to form bars, etc.

PILING
Pil"ing, n. Etym: [See Pile a stake.]

Defn: A series of piles; piles considered collectively; as, the
piling of a bridge. Pug piling, sheet piles connected together at the
edges by dovetailed tongues and grooves.
 -- Sheet piling, a series of piles made of planks or half logs
driven edge to edge, -- used to form the walls of cofferdams, etc.

PILL
Pill, n. Etym: [Cf. Peel skin, or Pillion.]

Defn: The peel or skin. [Obs.] "Some be covered over with crusts, or
hard pills, as the locusts." Holland.

PILL
Pill, v. i.

Defn: To be peeled; to peel off in flakes.

PILL
Pill, v. t. Etym: [Cf. L. pilare to deprive of hair, and E. pill, n.
(above).]

1. To deprive of hair; to make bald. [Obs.]

2. To peel; to make by removing the skin.
[Jacob] pilled white streaks . . . in the rods. Gen. xxx. 37.

PILL
Pill, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Pilling.]
Etym: [F. piller, L. pilare; cf. It. pigliare to take. Cf. Peel to
plunder.]

Defn: To rob; to plunder; to pillage; to peel. See Peel, to plunder.
[Obs.] Spenser.
Pillers and robbers were come in to the field to pill and to rob. Sir
T. Malroy.

PILL
Pill, n. Etym: [F. pilute, L. pilula a pill, little ball, dim. of L.
pila a ball. Cf. Piles.]

1. A medicine in the form of a little ball, or small round mass, to
be swallowed whole.

2. Figuratively, something offensive or nauseous which must be
accepted or endured. Udall. Pill beetle (Zoöl.), any small beetle of
the genus Byrrhus, having a rounded body, with the head concealed
beneath the thorax.
 -- Pill bug (Zoöl.), any terrestrial isopod of the genus Armadillo,
having the habit of rolling itself into a ball when disturbed. Called
also pill wood louse.

PILLAGE
Pil"lage, n. Etym: [F., fr. piller to plunder. See Pill to plunder.]

1. The act of pillaging; robbery. Shak.

2. That which is taken from another or others by open force,
particularly and chiefly from enemies in war; plunder; spoil; booty.
Which pillage they with merry march bring home. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Plunder; rapine; spoil; depredation.
 -- Pillage, Plunder. Pillage refers particularly to the act of
stripping the sufferers of their goods, while plunder refers to the
removal of the things thus taken; but the words are freely
interchanged.

PILLAGE
Pil"lage, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pillaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Pillaging.]

Defn: To strip of money or goods by open violence; to plunder; to
spoil; to lay waste; as, to pillage the camp of an enemy.
Mummius . . . took, pillaged, and burnt their city. Arbuthnot.

PILLAGE
Pil"lage, v. i.

Defn: To take spoil; to plunder; to ravage.
They were suffered to pillage wherever they went. Macaulay.

PILLAGER
Pil"la*ger, n.

Defn: One who pillages. Pope.

PILLAR
Pil"lar, n. Etym: [OE. pilerF. pilier, LL. pilare, pilarium,
pilarius, fr. L. pila a pillar. See Pile a heap.]

1. The general and popular term for a firm, upright, insulated
support for a superstructure; a pier, column, or post; also, a column
or shaft not supporting a superstructure, as one erected for a
monument or an ornament.
Jacob set a pillar upon her grave. Gen. xxxv. 20.
The place . . . vast and proud, Supported by a hundred pillars stood.
Dryden.

2. Figuratively, that which resembles such a pillar in appearance,
character, or office; a supporter or mainstay; as, the Pillars of
Hercules; a pillar of the state. "You are a well-deserving pillar."
Shak.
By day a cloud, by night a pillar of fire. Milton.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A portable ornamental column, formerly carried before a
cardinal, as emblematic of his support to the church. [Obs.] Skelton.

4. (Man.)

Defn: The center of the volta, ring, or manege ground, around which a
horse turns. From pillar to post, hither and thither; to and fro;
from one place or predicament to another; backward and forward.
[Colloq.] -- Pillar saint. See Stylite.
 -- Pillars of the fauces. See Fauces, 1.

PILLAR
Pil"lar, a. (Mach.)

Defn: Having a support in the form of a pillar, instead of legs; as,
a pillar drill.

PILLAR-BLOCK
Pil"lar-block`, n.

Defn: See under Pillow.

PILLARED
Pil"lared, a.

Defn: Supported or ornamented by pillars; resembling a pillar, or
pillars. "The pillared arches." Sir W. Scott. "Pillared flame."
Thomson.

PILLARET
Pil"lar*et, n.

Defn: A little pillar. [R.] Fuller.

PILLARIST
Pil"lar*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: See Stylite.

PILLAU
Pil*lau", n. Etym: [Per. & Turk. pilau.]

Defn: An Oriental dish consisting of rice boiled with mutton, fat, or
butter. [Written also pilau.]

PILLED
Pilled, a. Etym: [See 3rd Pill.]

Defn: Stripped of hair; scant of hair; bald. [Obs.] "Pilled beard."
Chaucer.

PILLED-GARLIC
Pilled"-gar"lic, n.

Defn: See Pilgarlic.

PILLER
Pill"er, n.

Defn: One who pills or plunders. [Obs.]

PILLERY
Pill"er*y, n.; pl. Pilleries (.

Defn: Plunder; pillage. [Obs.] Daniel.

PILLION
Pil"lion, n. Etym: [Ir. pillin, pilliun (akin to Gael. pillean,
pillin), fr. Ir. & Gael. pill, peall, a skin or hide, prob. fr. L.
pellis. See Pell, n., Fell skin.]

Defn: A panel or cushion saddle; the under pad or cushion of saddle;
esp., a pad or cushion put on behind a man's saddle, on which a woman
may ride.
His [a soldier's] shank pillion without stirrups. Spenser.

PILLORIZE
Pil"lo*rize, v. t.

Defn: To set in, or punish with, the pillory; to pillory. [R.]

PILLORY
Pil"lo*ry, n.; pl. Pillories. Etym: [F. pilori; cf. Pr. espitlori,
LL. piloricum, pilloricum, pellericum, pellorium, pilorium,
spilorium; perhaps from a derivative of L. speculari to look around,
observe. Cf. Speculate.]

Defn: A frame of adjustable boards erected on a post, and having
holes through which the head and hands of an offender were thrust so
as to be exposed in front of it. Shak.

PILLORY
Pil"lo*ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pilloried; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pillorying.] Etym: [Cf. F. pilorier.]

1. To set in, or punish with, the pillory. "Hungering for Puritans to
pillory." Macaulay.

2. Figuratively, to expose to public scorn. Gladstone.

PILLOW
Pil"low, n. Etym: [OE. pilwe, AS. pyle, fr. L. pilvinus.]

1. Anything used to support the head of a person when reposing;
especially, a sack or case filled with feathers, down, hair, or other
soft material.
[Resty sloth] finds the down pillow hard. Shak.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A piece of metal or wood, forming a support to equalize
pressure; a brass; a pillow block. [R.]

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A block under the inner end of a bowsprit.

4. A kind of plain, coarse fustian. Lace pillow, a cushion used in
making hand-wrought lace.
 -- Pillow bier Etym: [OE. pilwebere; cf. LG. büre a pillowcase], a
pillowcase; pillow slip. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- Pillow block (Mach.), a block, or standard, for supporting a
journal, as of a shaft. It is usually bolted to the frame or
foundation of a machine, and is often furnished with journal boxes,
and a movable cover, or cap, for tightening the bearings by means of
bolts; -- called also pillar block, or plumber block.
 -- Pillow lace, handmade lace wrought with bobbins upon a lace
pillow.
 -- Pillow of a plow, a crosspiece of wood which serves to raise or
lower the beam.
 -- Pillow sham, an ornamental covering laid over a pillow when not
in use.
 -- Pillow slip, a pillowcase.

PILLOW
Pil"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pillowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Pillowing.]

Defn: To rest or lay upon, or as upon, a pillow; to support; as, to
pillow the head.
Pillows his chin upon an orient wave. Milton.

PILLOWCASE
Pil"low*case`, n.

Defn: A removable case or covering for a pillow, usually of white
linen or cotton cloth.

PILLOWED
Pil"lowed, a.

Defn: Provided with a pillow or pillows; having the head resting on,
or as on, a pillow.
Pillowedon buckler cold and hard. Sir W. Scott.

PILLOW LACE
Pil"low lace.

Defn: Lace made by hand with bobbins on a pillow.

PILLOWY
Pil"low*y, a.

Defn: Like a pillow. Keats.

PILL-WILLET
Pill"-wil`let, n. Etym: [So named from its note.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The willet.

PILLWORM
Pill"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any myriapod of the genus Iulus and allied genera which rolls
up spirally; a galleyworm. See Illust. under Myriapod.

PILLWORT
Pill"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Pilularia; minute aquatic cryptograms,
with small pill-shaped fruit; -- sometimes called peppergrass.

PILOCARPINE
Pi`lo*car"pine, n. Etym: [From NL. Pilocarpus pennatifolius
jaborandi; L. pilus hair + Gr. pilocarpine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid extracted from jaborandi (Pilocarpus pennatifolius)
as a white amorphous or crystalline substance which has a peculiar
effect on the vasomotor system.

PILON
Pi*lon", n. [Sp., sugar loaf.] [Sp. Amer.]

1. A conical loaf of sugar.

2.  A gratuity given by tradesmen to customers settling their
accounts. [Southern U. S.]

PILONCE
Pi*lon"ce, n. [Amer. Sp. See Piloncillo.]

Defn: Same as Pilon. [Texas]

PILONCILLO
Pi`lon*cil"lo, n. [Amer. Sp., dim. of pilon.]

Defn: Same as Pilon. [Texas]

PILOSE
Pi*lose", a. Etym: [L. pilosus, fr. pilus hair. See Pile.]

1. Hairy; full of, or made of, hair.
The heat-retaining property of the pilose covering. Owen.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Clothed thickly with pile or soft down.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Covered with long, slender hairs; resembling long hairs; hairy;
as, pilose pubescence.

PILOSITY
Pi*los"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pilosité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being pilose; hairiness. Bacon.

PILOT
Pi"lot, n. Etym: [F. pilote, prob. from D. peillood plummet, sounding
lead; peilen, pegelen, to sound, measure (fr. D. & G. peil, pegel, a
sort of measure, water mark) + lood lead, akin to E. lead. The pilot,
then, is the lead man, i.e., he who throws the lead. See Pail, and
Lead a metal.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: One employed to steer a vessel; a helmsman; a steersman.
Dryden.

2. Specifically, a person duly qualified, and licensed by authority,
to conduct vessels into and out of a port, or in certain waters, for
a fixed rate of fees.

3. Figuratively: A guide; a director of another through a difficult
or unknown course.

4. An instrument for detecting the compass error.

5. The cowcatcher of a locomotive. [U.S.] Pilot balloon, a small
balloon sent up in advance of a large one, to show the direction and
force of the wind.
 -- Pilot bird. (Zoöl.) (a) A bird found near the Caribbee Islands; -
- so called because its presence indicates to mariners their approach
to these islands. Crabb. (b) The black-bellied plover. [Local, U.S.]
-- Pilot boat, a strong, fast-sailing boat used to carry and receive
pilots as they board and leave vessels.
 -- Pilot bread, ship biscuit.
 -- Pilot cloth, a coarse, stout kind of cloth for overcoats.
 -- Pilot engine, a locomotive going in advance of a train to make
sure that the way is clear.
 -- Pilot fish. (Zoöl) (a) A pelagic carangoid fish (Naucrates
ductor); -- so named because it is often seen in company with a
shark, swimming near a ship, on account of which sailors imagine that
it acts as a pilot to the shark. (b) The rudder fish (Seriola
zonata).
 -- Pilot jack, a flag or signal hoisted by a vessel for a pilot.
 -- Pilot jacket, a pea jacket.
 -- Pilot nut (Bridge Building), a conical nut applied temporarily to
the threaded end of a pin, to protect the thread and guide the pin
when it is driven into a hole. Waddell.
 -- Pilot snake (Zoöl.) (a) A large North American snake (Coluber
obsoleus). It is lustrous black, with white edges to some of the
scales. Called also mountain black snake. (b) The pine snake.
 -- Pilot whale. (Zoöl.) Same as Blackfish, 1.

PILOT
Pi"lot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piloted; p. pr. & vb. n. Piloting.] Etym:
[Cf. F. piloter.]

1. To direct the course of, as of a ship, where navigation is
dangerous.

2. Figuratively: To guide, as through dangers or difficulties. "The
art of piloting a state." Berkeley.

PILOTAGE
Pi"lot*age, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pilotage.]

1. The pilot's skill or knowledge, as of coasts, rocks, bars, and
channels. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

2. The compensation made or allowed to a pilot.

3. Guidance, as by a pilot. Sir W. Scott.

PILOT BALLOON
Pilot balloon.

Defn: A small, unmanned balloon sent up to indicate the direction of
air currents.

PILOT FLAG
Pilot flag.

Defn: The flag hoisted at the fore by a vessel desiring a pilot, in
the United States the union jack, in Great Britain the British union
jack with a white border.

PILOTISM; PILOTRY
Pi"lot*ism, Pi"lot*ry, n.

Defn: Pilotage; skill in the duties of a pilot. [R.]

PILOT LAMP; PILOT LIGHT
Pilot lamp or light . (Elec.)

Defn: A small incandescent telltale lamp on a dynamo or battery
circuit to show approximately by its brightness the voltage of the
current.

PILOT VALVE
Pilot valve. (Hydraulics)

Defn: A small hand-operated valve to admit liquid to operate a valve
difficult to turn by hand.

PILOT WHEEL
Pilot wheel. (Mach.)

Defn: A wheel, usually with radial handles projecting from the rim,
for traversing the saddle of a machine tool, esp. an automatic
machine tool, by hand.

PILOUR
Pil"our, n.

Defn: A piller; a plunderer. [Obs.]

PILOUS
Pil"ous, a.

Defn: See Pilose.

PILPUL
Pil"pul, n. [Aramaic pilpul; cf. Heb. pilpel to spice, to season,
dispute violently.]

Defn: Among the Jews, penetrating investigation, disputation, and
drawing of conclusions, esp. in Talmudic study. -- Pil"pul*ist (#),
n. --Pil`pul*is"tic (#), a.

PILSER
Pil"ser, n.

Defn: An insect that flies into a flame.

PILULAR
Pil"u*lar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pills; resembling a pill or pills; as, a
pilular mass.

PILULOUS
Pil"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. pilula a pill. See Pill.]

Defn: Like a pill; small; insignificant. [R.] G. Eliot.

PILWE
Pil"we, n.

Defn: A pillow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PILY
Pi"ly, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like pile or wool.

PIMARIC
Pi*mar"ic, a. Etym: [NL. pinum maritima, an old name for P. Pinaster,
a pine which yields galipot.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in galipot, and
isomeric with abietic acid.

PIMELIC
Pi*mel"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)
(a) Pertaining to, or designating, a substance obtained from certain
fatty substances, and subsequently shown to be a mixture of suberic
and adipic acids.
(b) Designating the acid proper (C5H10(CO2/H)2) which is obtained
from camphoric acid.

PIMELITE
Pim"e*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: An apple-green mineral having a greasy feel. It is a hydrous
silicate of nickel, magnesia, aluminia, and iron.

PIMENT
Pi"ment, n. Etym: [F. See Pimento.]

Defn: Wine flavored with spice or honey. See Pigment, 3. [Obs.]

PIMENTA
Pi*men"ta, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Pimento.

PIMENTO
Pi*men"to, n. Etym: [Sp. pimiento, pimienta; cf. Pg. pimenta, F.
piment; all fr. L. pigmentum a paint, pigment, the juice of plants;
hence, something spicy and aromatic. See Pigment.] (Bot.)

Defn: Allspice; -- applied both to the tree and its fruit. See
Allspice.

PIMIENTO
Pi*mien"to, n. [Sp.]

Defn: The Spanish sweet pepper, the fruit of which is used as a
vegetable, to stuff olives, etc.

PIMLICO
Pim"li*co, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The friar bird.

PIMOLA
Pim*o"la, n.

Defn: An olive stuffed with a kind of sweet red pepper, or pimiento.

PIMP
Pimp, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pimpant smart, sparkish; perh. akin to piper
to pipe, formerly also, to excel. Cf. Pipe.]

Defn: One who provides gratification for the lust of others; a
procurer; a pander. Swift.

PIMP
Pimp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pimped; p. pr. & vb. n. Pimping.]

Defn: To procure women for the gratification of others' lusts; to
pander. Dryden.

PIMPERNEL
Pim"per*nel, n. Etym: [F. pimprenelle; cf. Sp. pimpinela, It.
pimpinella; perh. from LL. bipinnella, for bipinnula two-winged,
equiv. to L. bipennis; bis twice + penna feather, wing. Cf. Pen a
feather.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Anagallis, of which one species (A.
arvensis) has small flowers, usually scarlet, but sometimes purple,
blue, or white, which speedily close at the approach of bad weather.
Water pimpernel. (Bot.) See Brookweed.

PIMPILLO
Pim"pil*lo, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A West Indian name for the prickly pear (Opuntia); -- called
also pimploes.

PIMPINEL
Pim"pi*nel, n. Etym: [See Pimpernel.] (Bot.)

Defn: The burnet saxifrage. See under Saxifrage.

PIMPING
Pimp"ing, a. Etym: [Cf. G. pimpelig, pimpelnd, sickly, weak.]

1. Little; petty; pitiful. [Obs.] Crabbe.

2. Puny; sickly. [Local, U.S.]

PIMPLE
Pim"ple, n. Etym: [AS. pipelian to blister; cf. L. papula pimple.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Any small acuminated elevation of the cuticle, whether going on
to suppuration or not. "All eyes can see a pimple on her nose." Pope.

2. Fig.: A swelling or protuberance like a pimple. "A pimple that
portends a future sprout." Cowper.

PIMPLED
Pim"pled, a.

Defn: Having pimples. Johnson.

PIMPLY
Pim"ply, a.

Defn: Pimpled.

PIMPSHIP
Pimp"ship, n.

Defn: The office, occupation, or persom of a pimp. [R.]

PIN
Pin, v. t. (Metal Working)

Defn: To peen.

PIN
Pin, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Pen to confine, or Pinfold.]

Defn: To inclose; to confine; to pen; to pound.

PIN
Pin, n. Etym: [OE. pinne, AS. pinn a pin, peg; cf. D. pin, G. pinne,
Icel. pinni, W. pin, Gael. & Ir. pinne; all fr. L. pinna a pinnacle,
pin, feather, perhaps orig. a different word from pinna feather. Cf.
Fin of a fish, Pen a feather.]

1. A piece of wood, metal, etc., generally cylindrical, used for
fastening separate articles together, or as a support by which one
article may be suspended from another; a peg; a bolt.
With pins of adamant And chains they made all fast. Milton.

2. Especially, a small, pointed and headed piece of brass or other
wire (commonly tinned), largely used for fastening clothes, attaching
papers, etc.

3. Hence, a thing of small value; a trifle.
He . . . did not care a pin for her. Spectator.

4. That which resembles a pin in its form or use; as:
(a) A peg in musical instruments, for increasing or relaxing the
tension of the strings.
(b) A linchpin.
(c) A rolling-pin.
(d) A clothespin.
(e) (Mach.) A short shaft, sometimes forming a bolt, a part of which
serves as a journal. See Illust. of Knuckle joint, under Knuckle.
(f) (Joinery) The tenon of a dovetail joint.

5. One of a row of pegs in the side of an ancient drinking cup to
mark how much each man should drink.

6. The bull's eye, or center, of a target; hence, the center. [Obs.]
"The very pin of his heart cleft." Shak.

7. Mood; humor. [Obs.] "In merry pin." Cowper.

8. (Med.)

Defn: Caligo. See Caligo. Shak.

9. An ornament, as a brooch or badge, fastened to the clothing by a
pin; as, a Masonic pin.

10. The leg; as, to knock one off his pins. [Slang] Banking pin
(Horol.), a pin against which a lever strikes, to limit its motion.
 -- Pin drill (Mech.), a drill with a central pin or projection to
enter a hole, for enlarging the hole, or for sinking a recess for the
head of a bolt, etc.; a counterbore.
 -- Pin grass. (Bot.) See Alfilaria.
 -- Pin hole, a small hole made by a pin; hence, any very small
aperture or perforation.
 -- Pin lock, a lock having a cylindrical bolt; a lock in which pins,
arranged by the key, are used instead of tumblers.
 -- Pin money, an allowance of money, as that made by a husband to
his wife, for private and personal expenditure.
 -- Pin rail (Naut.), a rail, usually within the bulwarks, to hold
belaying pins. Sometimes applied to the fife rail. Called also pin
rack.
 -- Pin wheel. (a) A contrate wheel in which the cogs are cylindrical
pins. (b) (Fireworks) A small coil which revolves on a common pin and
makes a wheel of yellow or colored fire.

PIN
Pin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinned; p. pr. & vb. n. Pinning.] Etym: [See
Pin, n.]

Defn: To fasten with, or as with, a pin; to join; as, to pin a
garment; to pin boards together. "Aa if she would pin her to her
heart." Shak. To pin one's faith upon, to depend upon; to trust to.

PINACATE BUG
Pin`a*ca"te bug. [Orig. uncert.]

Defn: Any of several clumsy, wingless beetles of the genus Eleodes,
found in the Pacific States.

PINA CLOTH; PINYA CLOTH
Pi"ña cloth`.

Defn: A fine material for ladies' shawls, scarfs, handkerchiefs,
etc., made from the fiber of the pineapple leaf, and perhaps from
other fibrous tropical leaves. It is delicate, soft, and transparent,
with a slight tinge of pale yellow.

PINACOID
Pin"a*coid, n. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A plane parallel to two of the crystalline axes.

PINACOLIN
Pi*nac"o*lin, n. Etym: [Pinacone + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless oily liquid related to the ketones, and obtained by
the decomposition of pinacone; hence, by extension, any one of the
series of which pinacolin proper is the type. [Written also
pinacoline.]

PINACONE
Pin"a*cone, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance related to the glycols, and made
from acetone; hence, by extension, any one of a series of substances
of which pinacone proper is the type. [Written also pinakone.]

PINACOTHECA
Pin`a*co*the"ca, n. Etym: [L. pinacotheca, fr. Gr.

Defn: A picture gallery.

PINAFORE
Pin"a*fore`, n. Etym: [Pin + afore.]

Defn: An apron for a child to protect the front part of dress; a
tier.

PINAKOTHEK
Pin"a*ko*thek`, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: Pinacotheca.

PINASTER
Pi*nas"ter, n. Etym: [L., fr. pinus a pine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of pine (Pinus Pinaster) growing in Southern Europe.

PINAX
Pi"nax, n.; pl. Pinaces. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A tablet; a register; hence, a list or scheme inscribed on a
tablet. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

PINCE-NEZ
Pince`-nez", n. Etym: [F. pincer to pinch + nez nose.]

Defn: Eyeglasses kept on the nose by a spring.

PINCERS
Pin"cers, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. F. pince pinchers, fr. pincer to pinch.
See Pinch, Pinchers.]

Defn: See Pinchers.

PINCH
Pinch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinched; p. pr. & vb. n. Pinching.] Etym:
[F. pincer, probably fr. OD. pitsen to pinch; akin to G. pfetzen to
cut, pinch; perhaps of Celtic origin. Cf. Piece.]

1. To press hard or squeeze between the ends of the fingers, between
teeth or claws, or between the jaws of an instrument; to squeeze or
compress, as between any two hard bodies.

2. o seize; to grip; to bite; -- said of animals. [Obs.]
He [the hound] pinched and pulled her down. Chapman.

3. To plait. [Obs.]
Full seemly her wimple ipinched was. Chaucer.

4. Figuratively: To cramp; to straiten; to oppress; to starve; to
distress; as, to be pinched for money.
Want of room . . . pinching a whole nation. Sir W. Raleigh.

5. To move, as a railroad car, by prying the wheels with a pinch. See
Pinch, n., 4.

PINCH
Pinch, v. i.

1. To act with pressing force; to compress; to squeeze; as, the shoe
pinches."

2. (Hunt.)

Defn: To take hold; to grip, as a dog does. [Obs.]

3. To spare; to be niggardly; to be covetous. Gower.
The wretch whom avarice bids to pinch and spare. Franklin.
To pinch at, to find fault with; to take exception to. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

PINCH
Pinch, n.

1. A close compression, as with the ends of the fingers, or with an
instrument; a nip.

2. As much as may be taken between the finger and thumb; any very
small quantity; as, a pinch of snuff.

3. Pian; pang. "Necessary's sharp pinch." Shak.

4. A lever having a projection at one end, acting as a fulcrum, --
used chiefly to roll heavy wheels, etc. Called also pinch bar. At a
pinch, On a pinch, in an emergency; as, he could on a pinch read a
little Latin.

PINCHBECK
Pinch"beck, n. Etym: [Said to be from the name of the inventor; cf.
It. prencisbecco.]

Defn: An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling gold; a yellow metal,
composed of about three ounces of zinc to a pound of copper. It is
much used as an imitation of gold in the manufacture of cheap
jewelry.

PINCHBECK
Pinch"beck, a.

Defn: Made of pinchbeck; sham; cheap; spurious; unreal. "A pinchbeck
throne." J. A. Symonds.

PINCHCOCK
Pinch"cock`, n.

Defn: A clamp on a flexible pipe to regulate the flow of a fluid
through the pipe.

PINCHEM
Pin"chem, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

PINCHER
Pinch"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, pinches.

PINCHERS
Pinch"ers, n. pl. Etym: [From Pinch.]

Defn: An instrument having two handles and two grasping jaws working
on a pivot; -- used for griping things to be held fast, drawing
nails, etc.

Note: This spelling is preferable to pincers, both on account of its
derivation from the English pinch, and because it represents the
common pronunciation.

PINCHFIST
Pinch"fist`, n.

Defn: A closefisted person; a miser.

PINCHING
Pinch"ing, a.

Defn: Compressing; nipping; griping; niggardly; as, pinching cold; a
pinching parsimony. Pinching bar, a pinch bar. See Pinch, n., 4.
 -- Pinching nut, a check nut. See under Check, n.

PINCHINGLY
Pinch"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pinching way.

PINCHPENNY
Pinch"pen`ny, n.

Defn: A miserly person.

PINCOFFIN
Pin"coff*in, n. Etym: [From Pincoff, an English manufacturer.]

Defn: A commercial preparation of garancin, yielding fine violet
tints.

PINCPINC
Pinc"pinc`, n. Etym: [Named from its note.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African wren warbler. (Drymoica textrix).

PINCUSHION
Pin"cush`ion, n.

Defn: A small cushion, in which pins may be stuck for use.

PINDAL; PINDAR
Pin"dal, Pin"dar, n. Etym: [D. piendel.] (Bot.)

Defn: The peanut (Arachis hypogæa); -- so called in the West Indies.

PINDARIC
Pin*dar"ic, a. Etym: [L. Pindaricus, Gr. Pindarus) Pindar: cf. F.
pindarique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Pindar, the Greek lyric poet; after the
style and manner of Pindar; as, Pindaric odes.
 -- n.

Defn: A Pindaric ode.

PINDARICAL
Pin*dar"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pindaric.
Too extravagant and Pindarical for prose. Cowley.

PINDARISM
Pin"dar*ism, n.

Defn: Imitation of Pindar.

PINDARIST
Pin"dar*ist, n.

Defn: One who imitates Pindar.

PINDER
Pin"der, n. Etym: [AS. pyndan to pen up, fr. pund a pound.]

Defn: One who impounds; a poundkeeper. [Obs.]

PINE
Pine, n. Etym: [AS. pin, L. poena penalty. See Pain.]

Defn: Woe; torment; pain. [Obs.] "Pyne of hell." Chaucer.

PINE
Pine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pined; p. pr. & vb. n. Pining.] Etym: [AS.
pinan to torment, fr. pin torment. See 1st Pine, Pain, n. & v.]

1. To inflict pain upon; to torment; to torture; to afflict. [Obs.]
Chaucer. Shak.
That people that pyned him to death. Piers Plowman.
One is pined in prison, another tortured on the rack. Bp. Hall.

2. To grieve or mourn for. [R.] Milton.

PINE
Pine, v. i.

1. To suffer; to be afflicted. [Obs.]

2. To languish; to lose flesh or wear away, under any distress or
anexiety of mind; to droop; -- often used with away. "The roses
wither and the lilies pine." Tickell.

3. To languish with desire; to waste away with longing for something;
-- usually followed by for.
For whom, and not for Tybalt, Juliet pined. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To languish; droop; flag; wither; decay.

PINE
Pine, n. Etym: [AS. pin, L. pinus.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any tree of the coniferous genus Pinus. See Pinus.

Note: There are about twenty-eight species in the United States, of
which the white pine (P. Strobus), the Georgia pine (P. australis),
the red pine (P. resinosa), and the great West Coast sugar pine (P.
Lambertiana) are among the most valuable. The Scotch pine or fir,
also called Norway or Riga pine (Pinus sylvestris), is the only
British species. The nut pine is any pine tree, or species of pine,
which bears large edible seeds. See Pinon. The spruces, firs,
larches, and true cedars, though formerly considered pines, are now
commonly assigned to other genera.

2. The wood of the pine tree.

3. A pineapple. Ground pine. (Bot.) See under Ground.
 -- Norfolk Island pine (Bot.), a beautiful coniferous tree, the
Araucaria excelsa.
 -- Pine barren, a tract of infertile land which is covered with
pines. [Southern U.S.] -- Pine borer (Zoöl.), any beetle whose larvæ
bore into pine trees.
 -- Pine finch. (Zoöl.) See Pinefinch, in the Vocabulary.
 -- Pine grosbeak (Zoöl.), a large grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator),
which inhabits the northern parts of both hemispheres. The adult male
is more or less tinged with red.
 -- Pine lizard (Zoöl.), a small, very active, mottled gray lizard
(Sceloporus undulatus), native of the Middle States; -- called also
swift, brown scorpion, and alligator.
 -- Pine marten. (Zoöl.) (a) A European weasel (Mustela martes),
called also sweet marten, and yellow-breasted marten. (b) The
American sable. See Sable.
 -- Pine moth (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small tortricid
moths of the genus Retinia, whose larvæ burrow in the ends of the
branchlets of pine trees, often doing great damage.
 -- Pine mouse (Zoöl.), an American wild mouse (Arvicola pinetorum),
native of the Middle States. It lives in pine forests.
 -- Pine needle (Bot.), one of the slender needle-shaped leaves of a
pine tree. See Pinus.
 -- Pine-needle wool. See Pine wool (below).
 -- Pine oil, an oil resembling turpentine, obtained from fir and
pine trees, and used in making varnishes and colors.
 -- Pine snake (Zoöl.), a large harmless North American snake
(Pituophis melanoleucus). It is whitish, covered with brown blotches
having black margins. Called also bull snake. The Western pine snake
(P. Sayi) is chestnut-brown, mottled with black and orange.
 -- Pine tree (Bot.), a tree of the genus Pinus; pine.
 -- Pine-tree money, money coined in Massachusetts in the seventeenth
century, and so called from its bearing a figure of a pine tree.
 -- Pine weevil (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of weevils whose
larvæ bore in the wood of pine trees. Several species are known in
both Europe and America, belonging to the genera Pissodes, Hylobius,
etc.
 -- Pine wool, a fiber obtained from pine needles by steaming them.
It is prepared on a large scale in some of the Southern United
States, and has many uses in the economic arts; -- called also pine-
needle wool, and pine-wood wool.

PINEAL
Pi"ne*al, a. Etym: [L. pinea the cone of a pine, from pineus of the
pine, from pinus a pine: cf. F. pinéale.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pine cone; resembling a pine cone. Pineal
gland (Anat.), a glandlike body in the roof of the third ventricle of
the vertebrate brain; -- called also pineal body, epiphysis,
conarium. In some animals it is connected with a rudimentary eye, the
so-called pineal eye, and in other animals it is supposed to be the
remnant of a dorsal median eye.

PINEAPPLE
Pine"ap`ple, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tropical plant (Ananassa sativa); also, its fruit; -- so
called from the resemblance of the latter, in shape and external
appearance, to the cone of the pine tree. Its origin is unknown,
though conjectured to be American.

PINEASTER
Pine`as"ter, n.

Defn: See Pinaster.

PINE-CLAD; PINE-CROWNED
Pine"-clad`, Pine"-crowned`, a.

Defn: Clad or crowned with pine trees; as, pine-clad hills.

PINEDROPS
Pine"drops`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A reddish herb (Pterospora andromedea) of the United States,
found parasitic on the roots of pine trees.

PINEFINCH
Pine"finch`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A small American bird (Spinus, or Chrysomitris, spinus); --
called also pine siskin, and American siskin.
(b) The pine grosbeak.

PINENCHYMA
Pi*nen"chy*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -enchyma, as in parenchyma.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Tabular parenchyma, a form of cellular tissue in which the
cells are broad and flat, as in some kinds of epidermis.

PINERY
Pin"er*y, n.; pl. Pineries (.

1. A pine forest; a grove of pines.

2. A hothouse in which pineapples are grown.

PINESAP
Pine"sap`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A reddish fleshy herb of the genus Monotropa (M. hypopitys),
formerly thought to be parasitic on the roots of pine trees, but more
probably saprophytic.

PINE-TREE STATE
Pine-tree State.

Defn: Maine; -- a nickname alluding to the pine tree in its coat of
arms.

PINETUM
Pi*ne"tum, n. Etym: [L., a pine grove.]

Defn: A plantation of pine trees; esp., a collection of living pine
trees made for ornamental or scientific purposes.

PINEWEED
Pine"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A low, bushy, nearly leafless herb (Hypericum Sarothra), common
in sandy soil in the Eastern United States.

PINEY
Pin"ey, a.

Defn: See Piny.

PINEY
Pin"ey, a. Etym: [Of East Indian origin.]

Defn: A term used in designating an East Indian tree (the Vateria
Indica or piney tree, of the order Dipterocarpeæ, which grows in
Malabar, etc.) or its products. Piney dammar, Piney resin, Piney
varnish, a pellucid, fragrant, acrid, bitter resin, which exudes from
the piney tree (Vateria Indica) when wounded. It is used as a
varnish, in making candles, and as a substitute for incense and for
amber. Called also liquid copal, and white dammar.
 -- Piney tallow, a solid fatty substance, resembling tallow,
obtained from the roasted seeds of the Vateria Indica; called also
dupada oil.
 -- Piney thistle (Bot.), a plant (Atractylis gummifera), from the
bark of which, when wounded, a gummy substance exudes.

PIN-EYED
Pin"-eyed`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the stigma visible at the throad of a gamopetalous
corolla, while the stamens are concealed in the tube; -- said of
dimorphous flowers. The opposite of Ant: thrum-eyed.

PINFEATHER
Pin"feath`er, n.

Defn: A feather not fully developed; esp., a rudimentary feather just
emerging through the skin.

PINFEATHERED
Pin"feath`ered, a.

Defn: Having part, or all, of the feathers imperfectly developed.

PIN-FIRE
Pin"-fire`, a. (Mil.)

Defn: Having a firing pin to explode the cartridge; as, a pin-fire
rifle.

PINFISH
Pin"fish`, n. Etym: [So called from their sharp dorsal spines.]
(Zoöl.)
(a) The sailor's choice (Diplodus, or Lagodon, rhomboides).
(b) The salt-water bream (Diplodus Holbrooki).

Note: Both are excellent food fishes, common on the coast of the
United States south of Cape Hatteras. The name is also applied to
other allied species.

PINFOLD
Pin"fold`, n. Etym: [For pindfold. See Pinder, Pound an inclosure,
and Fold an inclosure.]

Defn: A place in which stray cattle or domestic animals are confined;
a pound; a penfold. Shak.
A parish pinfold begirt by its high hedge. Sir W. Scott.

PING
Ping, n. Etym: [Probably of imitative origin.]

Defn: The sound made by a bullet in striking a solid object or in
passing through the air.

PING
Ping, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pinged; p. pr. & vb. n. Pinging.]

Defn: To make the sound called ping.

PINGLE
Pin"gle, n. Etym: [Perhaps fr. pin to impound.]

Defn: A small piece of inclosed ground. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

PING-PONG
Ping"-pong`, n. [Imitative.]

1. An indoor modification of lawn tennis played with small bats, or
battledores, and a very light, hollow, celluloid ball, on a large
table divided across the middle by a net.

2.  A size of photograph a little larger than a postage stamp.

PING-PONG
Ping"-pong`, v. i.

Defn: To play ping-pong.

PINGSTER
Ping"ster, n.

Defn: See Pinkster.

PINGUEFACTION
Pin`gue*fac"tion, n. [L. pinguefacere, pinguefactum, to fatten;
pinguis fat + facere to make.] (Med.)

Defn: A making of, or turning into, fat.

PINGUICULA
Pin*guic"u*la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. pinguiculus somewhat fat,
fattish.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Butterwort.

PINGUID
Pin"guid, a. Etym: [L. pinguis fat.]

Defn: Fat; unctuous; greasy. [Obs.] "Some clays are more pinguid."
Mortimer.

PINGUIDINOUS
Pin*guid"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. pinguedo fatness, fr. pinguis fat.]

Defn: Containing fat; fatty. [Obs.]

PINGUITUDE
Pin"gui*tude, n. Etym: [L. pinguitudo, from pinguis fat.]

Defn: Fatness; a growing fat; obesity. [R.]

PINHOLD
Pin"hold`, n.

Defn: A place where a pin is fixed.

PINIC
Pi"nic ( a. Etym: [L. pinus pine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pine; obtained from the pine; formerly,
designating an acid which is the chief constituent of common resin, -
- now called abietic, or sylvic, acid.

PINING
Pin"ing, a.

1. Languishing; drooping; wasting away, as with longing.

2. Wasting; consuming. "The pining malady of France." Shak.

PININGLY
Pin"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pining manner; droopingly. Poe.

PINION
Pin"ion, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A moth of the genus Lithophane, as L. antennata, whose larva
bores large holes in young peaches and apples.

PINION
Pin"ion, n. Etym: [OF. pignon a pen, F., gable, pinion (in sense 5);
cf. Sp. piñon pinion; fr. L. pinna pinnacle, feather, wing. See Pin a
peg, and cf. Pen a feather, Pennat, Pennon.]

1. A feather; a quill. Shak.

2. A wing, literal or figurative.
Swift on his sooty pinions flits the gnome. Pope.

3. The joint of bird's wing most remote from the body. Johnson.

4. A fetter for the arm. Ainsworth.

5. (Mech.)

Defn: A cogwheel with a small number of teeth, or leaves, adapted to
engage with a larger wheel, or rack (see Rack); esp., such a wheel
having its leaves formed of the substance of the arbor or spindle
which is its axis. Lantern pinion. See under Lantern.
 -- Pinion wire, wire fluted longitudinally, for making the pinions
of clocks and watches. It is formed by being drawn through holes of
the shape required for the leaves or teeth of the pinions.

PINION
Pin"ion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinioned; p. pr. & vb. n. Pinioning.]

1. To bind or confine the wings of; to confine by binding the wings.
Bacon.

2. To disable by cutting off the pinion joint. Johnson.

3. To disable or restrain, as a person, by binding the arms, esp. by
binding the arms to the body. Shak.
Her elbows pinioned close upon her hips. Cowper.

4. Hence, generally, to confine; to bind; to tie up. "Pinioned up by
formal rules of state." Norris.

PINIONED
Pin"ioned, a.

Defn: Having wings or pinions.

PINIONIST
Pin"ion*ist, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any winged creature.

PINITE
Pin"ite, n. Etym: [So called from Pini, a mine in Saxony.] (Min.)

Defn: A compact granular cryptocrystalline mineral of a dull grayish
or greenish white color. It is a hydrous alkaline silicate, and is
derived from the alteration of other minerals, as iolite.

PINITE
Pi"nite, n. Etym: [L. pinus the pine tree.]

1. (Paleon.) Any fossil wood which exhibits traces of having belonged
to the Pine family.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A sweet white crystalline substance extracted from the gum of a
species of pine (Pinus Lambertina). It is isomeric with, and
resembles, quercite.

PINK
Pink, n. Etym: [D. pink.] (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel with a very narrow stern; -- called also pinky. Sir W.
Scott. Pink stern (Naut.), a narrow stern.

PINK
Pink, v. i. Etym: [D. pinken, pinkoogen, to blink, twinkle with the
eyes.]

Defn: To wink; to blink. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

PINK
Pink, a.

Defn: Half-shut; winking. [Obs.] Shak.

PINK
Pink, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinked; p. pr. & vb. n. Pinking.] Etym:
[OE. pinken to prick, probably a nasalized form of pick.]

1. To pierce with small holes; to cut the edge of, as cloth or paper,
in small scallops or angles.

2. To stab; to pierce as with a sword. Addison.

3. To choose; to cull; to pick out. [Obs.] Herbert.

PINK
Pink, n.

Defn: A stab. Grose.

PINK
Pink, n. Etym: [Perh. akin to pick; as if the edges of the petals
were picked out. Cf. Pink, v. t.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several plants of the caryophyllaceous genus
Dianthus, and to their flowers, which are sometimes very fragrant and
often double in cultivated varieties. The species are mostly
perennial herbs, with opposite linear leaves, and handsome five-
petaled flowers with a tubular calyx.

2. A color resulting from the combination of a pure vivid red with
more or less white; -- so called from the common color of the flower.
Dryden.

3. Anything supremely excellent; the embodiment or perfection of
something. "The very pink of courtesy." Shak.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European minnow; -- so called from the color of its abdomen
in summer. [Prov. Eng.] Bunch pink is Dianthus barbatus.
 -- China, or Indian, pink. See under China.
 -- Clove pink is Dianthus Caryophyllus, the stock from which
carnations are derived.
 -- Garden pink. See Pheasant's eye.
 -- Meadow pink is applied to Dianthus deltoides; also, to the ragged
robin.
 -- Maiden pink, Dianthus deltoides.
 -- Moss pink. See under Moss.
 -- Pink needle, the pin grass; -- so called from the long, tapering
points of the carpels. See Alfilaria.
 -- Sea pink. See Thrift.

PINK
Pink, a.

Defn: Resembling the garden pink in color; of the color called pink
(see 6th Pink, 2); as, a pink dress; pink ribbons. Pink eye (Med.), a
popular name for an epidemic variety of ophthalmia, associated with
early and marked redness of the eyeball.
 -- Pink salt (Chem. & Dyeing), the double chlorides of (stannic) tin
and ammonium, formerly much used as a mordant for madder and
cochineal.
 -- Pink saucer, a small saucer, the inner surface of which is
covered with a pink pigment.

PINKED
Pinked, a.

Defn: Pierced with small holes; worked in eyelets; scalloped on the
edge. Shak.

PINK-EYED
Pink"-eyed`, a. Etym: [Pink half-shut + eye.]

Defn: Having small eyes. Holland.

PINKING
Pink"ing, n.

1. The act of piercing or stabbing.

2. The act or method of decorating fabrics or garments with a pinking
iron; also, the style of decoration; scallops made with a pinking
iron. Pinking iron. (a) An instrument for scalloping the edges of
ribbons, flounces, etc. (b) A sword. [Colloq.]

PINKISH
Pink"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat pink.

PINKNESS
Pink"ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being pink.

PINKROOT
Pink"root`, n.

1. (Med.)

Defn: The root of Spigelia Marilandica, used as a powerful vermifuge;
also, that of S. Anthelmia. See definition 2 (below).

2. (Bot.)
(a) A perennial North American herb (Spigelia Marilandica), sometimes
cultivated for its showy red blossoms. Called also Carolina pink,
Maryland pinkroot, and worm grass.
(b) An annual South American and West Indian plant (Spigelia
Anthelmia).

PINKSTER
Pink"ster, n. Etym: [D. pinkster, pinksteren, fr. Gr. Pentecost.]

Defn: Whitsuntide. [Written also pingster and pinxter.] Pinkster
flower (Bot.), the rosy flower of the Azalea nudiflora; also, the
shrub itself; -- called also Pinxter blomachee by the New York
descendants of the Dutch settlers.

PINK STERN
Pink" stern`. Etym: [See 1st Pink.] (Naut.)

Defn: See Chebacco, and 1st Pink.

PINK-STERNED
Pink"-sterned`, a. Etym: [See 1st Pink.] (Naut.)

Defn: Having a very narrow stern; -- said of a vessel.

PINKY
Pink"y, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See 1st Pink.

PINNA
Pin"na, n.; pl. Pinnæ, E. Pinnas. Etym: [L., a feather.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) A leaflet of a pinnate leaf. See Illust. of Bipinnate leaf, under
Bipinnate.
(b) One of the primary divisions of a decompound leaf.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the divisions of a pinnate part or organ.

3. Etym: [L. pinna, akin to Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Pinna, a genus of large bivalve mollusks found
in all warm seas. The byssus consists of a large number of long,
silky fibers, which have been used in manufacturing woven fabrics, as
a curiosity.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: The auricle of the ear. See Ear.

PINNACE
Pin"nace, n. Etym: [F. pinasse; cf. It. pinassa, pinazza, Sp. pinaza;
all from L. pinus a pine tree, anything made of pine, e.g., a ship.
Cf. Pine a tree.]

1. (Naut.)
(a) A small vessel propelled by sails or oars, formerly employed as a
tender, or for coast defence; -- called originally, spynace or spyne.
(b) A man-of-war's boat.
Whilst our pinnace anchors in the Downs. Shak.

2. A procuress; a pimp. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

PINNACLE
Pin"na*cle, n. Etym: [OE. pinacle, F. pinacle, L. pinnaculum, fr.
pinna pinnacle, feather. See Pin a peg.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: An architectural member, upright, and generally ending in a
small spire, -- used to finish a buttress, to constitute a part in a
proportion, as where pinnacles flank a gable or spire, and the like.
Pinnacles may be considered primarily as added weight, where it is
necessary to resist the thrust of an arch, etc.
Some renowned metropolis With glistering spires and pinnacles around.
Milton.

2. Anything resembling a pinnacle; a lofty peak; a pointed summit.
Three silent pinnacles of aged snow. Tennyson.
The slippery tops of human state, The gilded pinnacles of fate.
Cowley.

PINNACLE
Pin"na*cle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinnacled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pinnacling.]

Defn: To build or furnish with a pinnacle or pinnacles. T. Warton.

PINNAGE
Pin"nage, n. Etym: [Cf. Pinfold.]

Defn: Poundage of cattle. See Pound. [Obs.]

PINNATE; PINNATED
Pin"nate, Pin"na*ted, a. Etym: [L. pinnatus feathered, fr. pinna a
feather. See Pin a peg, Pen feather.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Consisting of several leaflets, or separate portions, arranged
on each side of a common petiole, as the leaves of a rosebush, a
hickory, or an ash. See Abruptly pinnate, and Illust., under
Abruptly.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a winglike tuft of long feathers on each side of the
neck. Pinnated grouse (Zoöl.), the prairie chicken.

PINNATELY
Pin"nate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pinnate manner.

PINNATIFID
Pin*nat"i*fid, a. Etym: [L. pinnatus feathered + root of findere to
split: cf. F. pinnatifide.] (Bot.)

Defn: Divided in a pinnate manner, with the divisions not reaching to
the midrib.

PINNATILOBATE
Pin*nat`i*lo"bate, a. Etym: [See Pinnate, and Lobate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having lobes arranged in a pinnate manner.

PINNATIPED
Pin*nat"i*ped, a. Etym: [L. pinnatus feathered + pes, pedis foot: cf.
F. pinnatipède.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the toes bordered by membranes; fin-footed, as certain
birds.

PINNATIPED
Pin*nat"i*ped, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird which has the toes bordered by membranes.

PINNER
Pin"ner, n.

1. One who, or that which, pins or fastens, as with pins.

2. (Costume)
(a) A headdress like a cap, with long lappets.
(b) An apron with a bib; a pinafore.
(c) A cloth band for a gown. [Obs.]
With kerchief starched, and pinners clean. Gay.

3. A pin maker.

PINNER
Pin"ner, n. Etym: [See Pin to pound.]

Defn: One who pins or impounds cattle. See Pin, v. t. [Obs.]

PINNET
Pin"net, n.

Defn: A pinnacle. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

PINNIFORM
Pin"ni*form, a. Etym: [L. pinna feather, fin + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like a fin or feather. Sir J. Hill.

PINNIGRADA
Pin`ni*gra"da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. pinna a feather + gradi to
walk, move.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pinnipedia.

PINNIGRADE
Pin"ni*grade, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal of the seal tribe, moving by short feet that serve as
paddles.

PINNIPED
Pin"ni*ped, n. Etym: [L. pinna feather, fin + pes, pedis, a foot: cf.
F. pinnipède.] (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the Pinnipedia; a seal.
(b) One of the Pinnipedes.

PINNIPEDES
Pin*nip"e*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Steganopodes.

PINNIPEDIA
Pin`ni*pe"di*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. So called because their webbed feet
are used as paddles or fins.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of aquatic carnivorous mammals including the seals
and walruses; -- opposed to Fissipedia.

PINNOCK
Pin"nock, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The hedge sparrow. [Prov. Eng.]
(b) The tomtit.

PINNOTHERE
Pin"no*there, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A crab of the genus pinnotheres. See Oyster crab, under Oyster.

PINNULA
Pin"nu*la, n.; pl. Pinnulæ. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Same as Pinnule.

PINNULATE
Pin"nu*late, a. Etym: [See Pinnule.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having each pinna subdivided; -- said of a leaf, or of its
pinnæ.

PINNULATED
Pin"nu*la`ted, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having pinnules.

PINNULE
Pin"nule, n. Etym: [L. pinnula, dim. of pinna feather: cf. F.
pinnule.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the small divisions of a decompound frond or leaf. See
Illust. of Bipinnate leaf, under Bipinnate.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of a series of small, slender organs, or parts, when
arranged in rows so as to have a plumelike appearance; as, a pinnule
of a gorgonia; the pinnules of a crinoid.

PINNYWINKLES
Pin"ny*win`kles, n. pl.

Defn: An instrument of torture, consisting of a board with holes into
which the fingers were pressed, and fastened with pegs. [Written also
pilliewinkles.] [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

PINOCLE
Pin"o*cle, n.

Defn: See Penuchle.

PINOLE
Pi*nole", n.

1. An aromatic powder used in Italy in the manufacture of chocolate.

2. Parched maize, ground, and mixed with sugar, etc. Mixed with
water, it makes a nutritious beverage.

PINON; PINYON
Piñ"on, n. Etym: [Sp. piñon.] (Bot.)
(a) The edible seed of several species of pine; also, the tree
producing such seeds, as Pinus Pinea of Southern Europe, and P.
Parryana, cembroides, edulis, and monophylla, the nut pines of
Western North America.
(b) See Monkey's puzzle. [Written also pignon.]

PINPATCH
Pin"patch`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common English periwinkle. [Prov. Eng.]

PINT
Pint, n. Etym: [OE. pinte, F. pinte, fr. Sp. pinta spot, mark, pint,
fr. pintar to paint; a mark for a pint prob. having been made on or
in a larger measure. See Paint.]

Defn: A measure of capacity, equal to half a quart, or four gills, --
used in liquid and dry measures. See Quart.

PINT
Pint, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The laughing gull. [Prov. Eng.]

PINTADO
Pin*ta"do, n.; pl. Pintados. Etym: [Sp., painted, fr. pintar to
paint.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird of the genus Numida. Several species are found in
Africa. The common pintado, or Guinea fowl, the helmeted, and the
crested pintados, are the best known. See Guinea fowl, under Guinea.

PINTAIL
Pin"tail`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A northern duck (Dafila acuta), native of both continents. The
adult male has a long, tapering tail. Called also gray duck,
piketail, piket-tail, spike-tail, split-tail, springtail, sea
pheasant, and gray widgeon.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sharp-tailed grouse of the great plains and Rocky Mountains
(Pediocætes phasianellus); -- called also pintailed grouse, pintailed
chicken, springtail, and sharptail.

PIN-TAILED
Pin"-tailed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a tapered tail, with the middle feathers longest; --
said of birds.

PINTLE
Pin"tle, n. Etym: [A diminutive of Pin.]

1. A little pin.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: An upright pivot pin; as:
(a) The pivot pin of a hinge.
(b) A hook or pin on which a rudder hangs and turns.
(c) A pivot about which the chassis swings, in some kinds of gun
carriages.
(d) A kingbolt of a wagon.

PINTO
Pin"to, a. [Sp., painted.]

Defn: Lit., painted; hence, piebald; mottled; pied.

PINTO
Pin"to, n.

Defn: Any pied animal; esp., a pied or "painted" horse.

PINTOS
Pin"tos, n. pl.; sing. Pinto (. Etym: [Sp., painted, mottled.]
(Eyhnol.)

Defn: A mountain tribe of Mexican Indians living near Acapulco. They
are remarkable for having the dark skin of the face irregularly
spotted with white. Called also speckled Indians.

PINTSCH GAS
Pintsch gas. [After Richard Pintsch, German inventor.]

Defn: A kind of oil gas extensively used for lighting railroad cars,
which carry it in compressed form.

PINULE
Pin"ule, n. Etym: [Cf. Pinnule.] (Astron.)

Defn: One of the sights of an astrolabe. [Obs.]

PINUS
Pi"nus, n. Etym: [L., a pine tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large genus of evergreen coniferous trees, mostly found in
the northern hemisphere. The genus formerly included the firs,
spruces, larches, and hemlocks, but is now limited to those trees
which have the primary leaves of the branchlets reduced to mere
scales, and the secondary ones (pine needles) acicular, and usually
in fascicles of two to seven. See Pine.

PINWEED
Pin"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Lechea, low North American herbs with
branching stems, and very small and abundant leaves and flowers.

PINWORM
Pin"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small nematoid worm (Oxyurus vermicularis), which is
parasitic chiefly in the rectum of man. It is most common in children
and aged persons.

PINXIT
Pinx"it. Etym: [L., perfect indicative 3d sing. of pingere to paint.]

Defn: A word appended to the artist's name or initials on a painting,
or engraved copy of a painting; as, Rubens pinxit, Rubens painted
(this).

PINXTER
Pinx"ter, n.

Defn: See Pinkster.

PINY
Pin"y, a.

Defn: Abounding with pines. [Written also piney.] "The piny wood."
Longfellow.

PION
Piñ"on, n. [Sp. piñon.] (Bot.)
 (a) The edible seed of several species of pine; also, the tree
producing such seeds, as Pinus Pinea of Southern Europe, and P.
Parryana, cembroides, edulis, and monophylla, the nut pines of
Western North America.
 (b) See Monkey's puzzle. [Written also pignon.]

PIONED
Pi"o*ned, a.

Defn: A Shakespearean word of disputed meaning; perh., "abounding in
marsh marigolds."
Thy banks with pioned and twilled brims. Shak.

PIONEER
Pi`o*neer", n. Etym: [F. pionier, orig., a foot soldier, OF. peonier,
fr. OF. peon a foot soldier, F. pion. See Pawn in chess.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A soldier detailed or employed to form roads, dig trenches, and
make bridges, as an army advances.

2. One who goes before, as into the wilderness, preparing the way for
others to follow; as, pioneers of civilization; pioneers of reform.

PIONEER
Pi`o*neer", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pioneered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pioneering.]

Defn: To go before, and prepare or open a way for; to act as pioneer.

PIONEERS' DAY
Pi`o*neers'" Day.

Defn: In Utah, a legal holiday, July 24, commemorated the arrival, in
1847, of Brigham Young and his followers at the present site of Salt
Lake City.

PIONER
Pi`o*ner", n.

Defn: A pioneer. [Obs.] Shak.

PIONY
Pi"o*ny, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Peony.

PIOT
Pi"ot, n. Etym: [See Piet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The magpie. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Holland.

PIOUS
Pi"ous, a. Etym: [L. pius: cf. F. pieux.]

1. Of or pertaining to piety; exhibiting piety; reverential; dutiful;
religious; devout; godly. "Pious hearts." Milton. "Pious poetry."
Johnson.
Where was the martial brother's pious care Pope.

2. Practiced under the pretext of religion; prompted by mistaken
piety; as, pious errors; pious frauds.

Syn.
 -- Godly; devout; religious; righteous.

PIOUSLY
Pi"ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pious manner.

PIP
Pip, n. Etym: [OE. pippe, D. pip, or F. pépie; from LL. pipita, fr.
L. pituita slime, phlegm, rheum, in fowls, the pip. Cf. Pituite.]

Defn: A contagious disease of fowls, characterized by hoarseness,
discharge from the nostrils and eyes, and an accumulation of mucus in
the mouth, forming a "scale" on the tongue. By some the term pip is
restricted to this last symptom, the disease being called roup by
them.

PIP
Pip, n. Etym: [Formerly pippin, pepin. Cf. Pippin.] (Bot.)

Defn: A seed, as of an apple or orange.

PIP
Pip, n. Etym: [Perh. for pick, F. pique a spade at cards, a pike. Cf.
Pique.]

Defn: One of the conventional figures or "spots" on playing cards,
dominoes, etc. Addison.

PIP
Pip, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Pipping.] Etym: [See
Peep.]

Defn: To cry or chirp, as a chicken; to peep.
To hear the chick pip and cry in the egg. Boyle.

PIPA
Pi*pa, n.; pl. Pipas (. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Surinam toad (Pipa Americana), noted for its peculiar
breeding habits.

Note: The male places the eggs on the back of the female, where they
soon become inclosed in capsules formed by the thickening of the
skin. The incubation of the eggs takes place in the capsules, and the
young, when hatched, come forth with well developed legs.

PIPAGE
Pip"age, n.

Defn: Transportation, as of petroleum oil, by means of a pipe
conduit; also, the charge for such transportation.

PIPAL TREE
Pi"pal tree`.

Defn: Same as Peepul tree.

PIPE
Pipe, n. Etym: [AS. pipe, probably fr. L. pipare, pipire, to chirp;
of imitative origin. Cf. Peep, Pibroch, Fife.]

1. A wind instrument of music, consisting of a tube or tubes of
straw, reed, wood, or metal; any tube which produces musical sounds;
as, a shepherd's pipe; the pipe of an organ. "Tunable as sylvan
pipe." Milton.
Now had he rather hear the tabor and the pipe. Shak.

2. Any long tube or hollow body of wood, metal, earthenware, or the
like: especially, one used as a conductor of water, steam, gas, etc.

3. A small bowl with a hollow steam, -- used in smoking tobacco, and,
sometimes, other substances.

4. A passageway for the air in speaking and breathing; the windpipe,
or one of its divisions.

5. The key or sound of the voice. [R.] Shak.

6. The peeping whistle, call, or note of a bird.
The earliest pipe of half-awakened birds. Tennyson.

7. pl.

Defn: The bagpipe; as, the pipes of Lucknow.

8. (Mining)

Defn: An elongated body or vein of ore.

9. A roll formerly used in the English exchequer, otherwise called
the Great Roll, on which were taken down the accounts of debts to the
king; -- so called because put together like a pipe. Mozley & W.

10. (Naut.)

Defn: A boatswain's whistle, used to call the crew to their duties;
also, the sound of it.

11. Etym: [Cf. F. pipe, fr. pipe a wind instrument, a tube, fr. L.
pipare to chirp. See Etymol. above.]

Defn: A cask usually containing two hogsheads, or 126 wine gallons;
also, the quantity which it contains. Pipe fitter, one who fits pipes
together, or applies pipes, as to an engine or a building.
 -- Pipe fitting, a piece, as a coupling, an elbow, a valve, etc.,
used for connecting lengths of pipe or as accessory to a pipe.
 -- Pipe office, an ancient office in the Court of Exchequer, in
which the clerk of the pipe made out leases of crown lands, accounts
of cheriffs, etc. [Eng.] -- Pipe tree (Bot.), the lilac and the mock
orange; -- so called because their were formerly used to make pipe
stems; -- called also pipe privet.
 -- Pipe wrench, or Pipetongs, a jawed tool for gripping a pipe, in
turning or holding it.
 -- To smoke the pipe of peace, to smoke from the same pipe in token
of amity or preparatory to making a treaty of peace, -- a custom of
the American Indians.

PIPE
Pipe, v. i.

1. To play on a pipe, fife, flute, or other tubular wind instrument
of music.
We have piped unto you, and ye have not danced. Matt. xi. 17.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To call, convey orders, etc., by means of signals on a pipe or
whistle carried by a boatswain.

3. To emit or have a shrill sound like that of a pipe; to whistle.
"Oft in the piping shrouds." Wordsworth.

4. (Metal.)

Defn: To become hollow in the process of solodifying; -- said of an
ingot, as of steel.

PIPE
Pipe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piped; p. pr. & vb. n. Piping.]

1. To perform, as a tune, by playing on a pipe, flute, fife, etc.; to
utter in the shrill tone of a pipe.
A robin . . . was piping a few querulous notes. W. Irving.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To call or direct, as a crew, by the boatswain's whistle.
As fine a ship's company as was ever piped aloft. Marryat.

3. To furnish or equip with pipes; as, to pipe an engine, or a
building.

PIPE CLAY
Pipe" clay` (

Defn: A plastic, unctuous clay of a grayish white color, -- used in
making tobacco pipes and various kinds of earthenware, in scouring
cloth, and in cleansing soldiers' equipments.

PIPECLAY
Pipe"clay`, v. t.

1. To whiten or clean with pipe clay, as a soldier's accouterments.

2. To clear off; as, to pipeclay accounts. [Slang, Eng.]

PIPED
Piped, a.

Defn: Formed with a pipe; having pipe or pipes; tubular.

PIPEFISH
Pipe"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any lophobranch fish of the genus Siphostoma, or Syngnathus,
and allied genera, having a long and very slender angular body,
covered with bony plates. The mouth is small, at the end of a long,
tubular snout. The male has a pouch on his belly, in which the
incubation of the eggs takes place.

PIPELAYER; PIPE LAYER
Pipe"lay`er, n., or Pipe" lay`er.

1. One who lays conducting pipes in the ground, as for water, gas,
etc.

2. (Polit. Cant)

Defn: A politician who works in secret; -- in this sense, usually
written as one word. [U.S.]

PIPELAYING; PIPE LAYING
Pipe"lay`ing, n., or Pipe" lay`ing.

1. The laying of conducting pipes underground, as for water, gas,
etc.

2. (Polit. Cant)

Defn: The act or method of making combinations for personal advantage
secretly or slyly; -- in this sense, usually written as one word.
[U.S.]

PIPE LINE
Pipe line.

Defn: A line of pipe with pumping machinery and apparatus for
conveying liquids, esp. petroleum, between distant points.

PIPE-LINE
Pipe"-line`, v. t.

Defn: To convey by a pipe line; to furnish with a pipe line or pipe
lines.

PIPEMOUTH
Pipe"mouth`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fish of the genus Fistularia; -- called also tobacco
pipefish. See Fistularia.

PIPER
Pi"per, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Pepper.

PIPER
Pip"er, n.

1. (Mus.)

Defn: One who plays on a pipe, or the like, esp. on a bagpipe. "The
hereditary piper and his sons." Macaulay.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A common European gurnard (Trigla lyra), having a large head,
with prominent nasal projection, and with large, sharp, opercular
spines.
(b) A sea urchin (Goniocidaris hystrix) having very long spines,
native of both the American and European coasts. To pay the piper, to
bear the cost, expense, or trouble.

PIPERACEOUS
Pip`er*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. piper pepper.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the order of plants (Piperaceæ) of which
the pepper (Piper nigrum) is the type. There are about a dozen genera
and a thousand species, mostly tropical plants with pungent and
aromatic qualities.

PIPERAZINE; PIPERAZIN
Pi*per"a*zine, n. Also -zin . [Piperidine + azote + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline substance, (C2H4NH)2, formed by action of ammonia
on ethylene bromide, by reduction of pyrazine, etc. It is a strong
base, and is used as a remedy for gout.

PIPERIC
Pi*per"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, or designating, a complex
organic acid found in the products of different members of the Pepper
family, and extracted as a yellowish crystalline substance.

PIPERIDGE
Pip"er*idge, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Pepperidge.

PIPERIDINE
Pi*per"i*dine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An oily liquid alkaloid, C5H11N, having a hot, peppery,
ammoniacal odor. It is related to pyridine, and is obtained by the
decomposition of piperine.

PIPERINE
Pip"er*ine, n. Etym: [L. piper pepper: cf. F. piperin, piperine.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline compound of piperidine and piperic acid. It
is obtained from the black pepper (Piper nigrum) and other species.

PIPERONAL
Pip`er*o"nal, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance obtained by oxidation of piperic
acid, and regarded as a complex aldehyde.

PIPERYLENE
Pi*per"y*lene, n. Etym: [Piperidine + acetylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon obtained by decomposition of certain piperidine
derivatives.

PIPESTEM
Pipe"stem`, n.

Defn: The hollow stem or tube of a pipe used for smoking tobacco,
etc.
Took a long reed for a pipestem. Longfellow.

PIPESTONE
Pipe"stone`, n.

Defn: A kind of clay slate, carved by the Indians into tobacco pipes.
Cf. Catlinite.

PIPETTE
Pi*pette", n. Etym: [F., dim. of pipe.]

Defn: A small glass tube, often with an enlargement or bulb in the
middle, and usually graduated, -- used for transferring or delivering
measured quantities.

PIPEVINE
Pipe"vine`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The Dutchman's pipe. See under Dutchman.

PIPEWOOD
Pipe"wood`, n.

Defn: An ericaceous shrub (Leucothoë acuminata) of the southern
United States, from the wood of which pipe bowls are made.

PIPEWORT
Pipe"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of a genus (Eriocaulon) of aquatic or marsh herbs
with soft grass-like leaves.

PIPING
Pip"ing, a. Etym: [From Pipe, v.]

1. Playing on a musical pipe. "Lowing herds and piping swains."
Swift.

2. Peaceful; favorable to, or characterized by, the music of the pipe
rather than of the drum and fife. Shak.

3. Emitting a high, shrill sound.

4. Simmering; boiling; sizzling; hissing; -- from the sound of
boiling fluids. Piping crow, Piping crow shrike, Piping roller
(Zoöl.), any Australian bird of the genus Gymnorhina, esp. G.
tibicen, which is black and white, and the size of a small crow.
Called also caruck.
 -- Piping frog (Zoöl.), a small American tree frog (Hyla
Pickeringii) which utters a high, shrill note in early spring.
 -- Piping hot, boiling hot; hissing hot; very hot. [Colloq.] Milton.

PIPING
Pip"ing, n.

1. A small cord covered with cloth, -- used as trimming for women's
dresses.

2. Pipes, collectively; as, the piping of a house.

3. The act of playing on a pipe; the shrill noted of birds, etc.

4. A piece cut off to be set or planted; a cutting; also, propagation
by cuttings.

PIPISTREL; PIPISTRELLE
Pi*pis"trel, Pip`i*strelle", n. Etym: [F. pipistrelle, It.
pipistrello.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European bat (Vesperugo pipistrellus); -- called also
flittermouse.

PIPIT
Pip"it, n. Etym: [So named from its call note.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small singing birds belonging to
Anthus and allied genera, of the family Motacillidæ. They strongly
resemble the true larks in habits, colors, and the great length of
the hind claw. They are, therefore, often called titlarks, and pipit
larks.

Note: The meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis); the tree pipit, or tree
lark (A. trivialis); and the rock pipit, or sea lark (A. obscurus)
are well-known European species. The common American pipit, or brown
lark, is Anthus Pensilvanicus. The Western species (A. Spraguei) is
called the American skylark, on account of its musical powers.

PIPKIN
Pip"kin, n.Etym: [Dim. of Pipe.]

Defn: A small earthen boiler.

PIPPIN
Pip"pin, n. Etym: [Probably fr. OE. pippin a seed, as being raised
from the seed. See Pip a seed.] (Bot.)
(a) An apple from a tree raised from the seed and not grafted; a
seedling apple.
(b) A name given to apples of several different kinds, as Newtown
pippin, summer pippin, fall pippin, golden pippin.
We will eat a last year's pippin. Shak.
Normandy pippins, sun-dried apples for winter use.

PIPPUL TREE
Pip"pul tree`.

Defn: Same as Peepul tree.

PIPRA
Pi"pra, n.; pl. Pipras. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small clamatorial birds
belonging to Pipra and allied genera, of the family Pipridæ. The male
is usually glossy black, varied with scarlet, yellow, or sky blue.
They chiefly inhabit South America.

PIPRINE
Pi"prine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pipras, or the family Pipridæ.

PIPSISSEWA
Pip*sis"se*wa, n. Etym: [From American Indian.] (Bot.)

Defn: A low evergreen plant (Chimaphila umbellata), with narrow,
wedge-lanceolate leaves, and an umbel of pretty nodding fragrant
blossoms. It has been used in nephritic diseases. Called also
prince's pine.

PIPY
Pip"y, a.

Defn: Like a pipe; hollow-stemmed. Keats.

PIQUANCY
Pi"quan*cy, n. Etym: [See Piquant.]

Defn: The quality or state of being piquant.

PIQUANT
Pi"quant, a. Etym: [F., p.pr. of piquer to prick or sting. See Pike.]

Defn: Stimulating to the taste; giving zest; tart; sharp; pungent;
as, a piquant anecdote. "As piquant to the tongue as salt." Addison.
"Piquant railleries." Gov. of Tongue.

PIQUANTLY
Pi"quant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a piquant manner.

PIQUE
Pi`qué", n. Etym: [F., p.p. of piquer to prick.]

Defn: A cotton fabric, figured in the loom, -- used as a dress goods
for women and children, and for vestings, etc.

PIQUE
Pique, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The jigger. See Jigger.

PIQUE
Pique, n. Etym: [F., fr. piquer. See Pike.]

1. A feeling of hurt, vexation, or resentment, awakened by a social
slight or injury; irritation of the feelings, as through wounded
pride; stinging vexation.
Men take up piques and displeasures. Dr. H. More.
Wars had arisen . . . upon a personal pique. De Quincey.

2. Keenly felt desire; a longing.
Though it have the pique, and long, 'Tis still for something in the
wrong. Hudibras.

3. (Card Playing)

Defn: In piquet, the right of the elder hand to count thirty in hand,
or to play before the adversary counts one.

Syn.
 -- Displeasure; irritation; grudge; spite. Pique, Spite, Grudge.
Pique denotes a quick and often transient sense of resentment for
some supposed neglect or injury, but it is not marked by malevolence.
Spite is a stronger term, denoting settled ill will or malice, with a
desire to injure, as the result of extreme irritation. Grudge goes
still further, denoting cherished and secret enmity, with an
unforgiving spirit. A pique is usually of recent date; a grudge is
that which has long subsisted; spite implies a disposition to cross
or vex others.

PIQUE
Pique, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piqued; p. pr. & vb. n. Piquing.] Etym:
[F. piquer. See Pike.]

1. To wound the pride of; to sting; to nettle; to irritate; to fret;
to offend; to excite to anger.
Pique her, and soothe in turn. Byron.

2. To excite to action by causing resentment or jealousy; to
stimulate; to prick; as, to pique ambition, or curiosity. Prior.

3. To pride or value; -- used reflexively.
Men . . . pique themselves upon their skill. Locke.

Syn.
 -- To offend; displease; irritate; provoke; fret; nettle; sting;
goad; stimulate.

PIQUE
Pique, v. i.

Defn: To cause annoyance or irritation. "Every piques." Tatler.

PIQUEER
Pi*queer", v. i.

Defn: See Pickeer. [R.]

PIQUEERER
Pi*queer"er, n.

Defn: See Pickeerer. [R.]

PIQUET
Piqu"et, n.

Defn: See Picket. [R.]

PIQUET
Pi*quet", n. Etym: [F., prob. fr. pique. See Pique, Pike, and
Picket.]

Defn: A game at cards played between two persons, with thirty-two
cards, all the deuces, threes, fours, fives, and sixes, being set
aside. [Written also picket and picquet.]

PIRACY
Pi"ra*cy, n.; pl. Piracies. Etym: [Cf. LL. piratia, Gr. Pirate.]

1. The act or crime of a pirate.

2. (Common Law)

Defn: Robbery on the high seas; the taking of property from others on
the open sea by open violence; without lawful authority, and with
intent to steal; -- a crime answering to robbery on land.

Note: By statute law several other offenses committed on the seas (as
trading with known pirates, or engaging in the slave trade) have been
made piracy.

3. "Sometimes used, in a quasi-figurative sense, of violation of
copyright; but for this, infringement is the correct and preferable
term." Abbott.

PIRAGUA
Pi*ra"gua, n.

Defn: See Pirogue.

PIRAI
Pi*rai", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Piraya.

PIRAMETER
Pi*ram"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: A dynamometer for ascertaining the power required to draw
carriages over roads.

PIRARUCU
Pi`ra*ru"cu, n. Etym: [From the native South American name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Arapaima.

PIRATE
Pi"rate, n. Etym: [L. pirata, Gr. peril: cf. F. pirate. See Peril.]

1. A robber on the high seas; one who by open violence takes the
property of another on the high seas; especially, one who makes it
his business to cruise for robbery or plunder; a freebooter on the
seas; also, one who steals in a harbor.

2. An armed ship or vessel which sails without a legal commission,
for the purpose of plundering other vessels on the high seas.

3. One who infringes the law of copyright, or publishes the work of
an author without permission. Pirate perch (Zoöl.), a fresh-water
percoid fish of the United States (Aphredoderus Sayanus). It is of a
dark olive color, speckled with blackish spots.

PIRATE
Pi"rate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pirated; p. pr. & vb. n. Pirating.]
Etym: [Cf. F. pirater.]

Defn: To play the pirate; to practice robbery on the high seas.

PIRATE
Pi"rate, v. t.

Defn: To publish, as books or writings, without the permission of the
author.
They advertised they would pirate his edition. Pope.

PIRATIC
Pi*rat"ic, a.

Defn: Piratical.

PIRATICAL
Pi*rat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. piraticus, Gr. piratique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pirate; acquired by, or practicing,
piracy; as, a piratical undertaking. "Piratical printers." Pope.
 -- Pi*rat"ic*al*ly, adv.

PIRAYA
Pi*ra"ya, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large voracious fresh-water fish (Serrasalmo piraya) of South
America, having lancet-shaped teeth.

PIRIE
Pir"ie, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Pirry.

PIRIE
Pir"ie, n. Etym: [See Pear.] (Bot.)

Defn: A pear tree. [Written also pery, pyrie.] [Obs.] Chaucer.

PIRIRIGUA
Pi`ri*ri"gua, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American bird (Guira guira) allied to the cuckoos.

PIRL
Pirl, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Purl.]

1. To spin, as a top.

2. To twist or twine, as hair in making fishing lines.

PIRN
Pirn, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A quill or reed on which thread or yarn is wound; a bobbin;
also, the wound yarn on a weaver's shuttle; also, the reel of a
fishing rod. [Scot.]

PIROGUE
Pi*rogue", n. Etym: [Originally an American Indian word: cf. F.
pirogue, Sp. piroga, piragua.]

Defn: A dugout canoe; by extension, any small boat. [Written
variously periauger, perogue, piragua, periagua, etc.]

PIROUETTE
Pir`ou*ette", n. Etym: [F.; of uncertain origin.]

1. A whirling or turning on the toes in dancing.

2. (Man.)

Defn: The whirling about of a horse.

PIROUETTE
Pir`ou*ette", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pirouetted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pirouetting.] Etym: [F. pirouetter.]

Defn: To perform a pirouette; to whirl, like a dancer.

PIRRY; PIRRIE
Pir"ry, Pir"rie, n. Etym: [Cf. Scot. pirr a gentle breeze, Icel. byrr
a prosperous wind, bylr a blast of wind.]

Defn: A rough gale of wind. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

PISASPHALTUM
Pis`as*phal"tum, n.

Defn: See Pissasphalt.

PISAY
Pi"say, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Pisé.

PISCARY
Pis"ca*ry, n. Etym: [L. piscarius relating to fishes or to fishing,
fr. piscis a fish.] (Law)

Defn: The right or privilege of fishing in another man's waters.
Blackstone.

PISCATION
Pis*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. piscatio, fr. piscari to fish.]

Defn: Fishing; fishery. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PISCATOR
Pis*ca"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A fisherman; an angler.

PISCATORIAL; PISCATORY
Pis`ca*to"ri*al, Pis"ca*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. piscatorius, fr. piscator
a fisherman, fr. piscari to fish, fr. piscis a fish. See Fish the
animal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to fishes or fishing. Addison.

PISCES
Pis"ces, n. pl. Etym: [L. piscis a fish.]

1. (Astron.)
(a) The twelfth sign of the zodiac, marked pisces in almanacs.
(b) A zodiacal constellation, including the first point of Aries,
which is the vernal equinoctial point; the Fish.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The class of Vertebrata that includes the fishes. The principal
divisions are Elasmobranchii, Ganoidei, and Teleostei.

PISCICAPTURE
Pis"ci*cap`ture, n.

Defn: Capture of fishes, as by angling. [R.] W. H. Russell.

PISCICULTURAL
Pis`ci*cul"tur*al, a.

Defn: Relating to pisciculture.

PISCICULTURE
Pis`ci*cul"ture, n. Etym: [L. piscis a fish + E. culture.]

Defn: Fish culture. See under Fish.

PISCICULTURIST
Pis`ci*cul"tur*ist, n.

Defn: One who breeds fish.

PISCIFORM
Pis"ci*form, a. Etym: [L. piscis fish + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of a fish; resembling a fish.

PISCINA
Pis*ci"na, n. Etym: [L., a certain, fishpond, fr. piscis a fish.]
(Arch.)

Defn: A niche near the altar in a church, containing a small basin
for rinsing altar vessels.

PISCINAL
Pis"ci*nal, a. Etym: [L. piscinalis: cf. F. piscinal.]

Defn: Belonging to a fishpond or a piscina.

PISCINE
Pis"cine, a. Etym: [L. piscis a fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a fish or fishes; as, piscine remains.

PISCIVOROUS
Pis*civ"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. piscis a fish + vorare to devour: cf. F.
piscivore.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feeding or subsisting on fish.

PISE
Pi`sé", n. Etym: [F. pisé, from piser to stamp, pound, L. pisare.]
(Arch.)

Defn: A species of wall made of stiff earth or clay rammed in between
molds which are carried up as the wall rises; -- called also pisé
work. Gwilt.

PISH
Pish, interj.

Defn: An exclamation of contempt.

PISH
Pish, v. i.

Defn: To express contempt. Pope.

PISHU
Pi"shu, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Canada lynx. [Written also peeshoo.]

PISIFORM
Pi"si*form, a. Etym: [L. pisum a pea + -form: cf. F. pisiforme.]

Defn: Resembling a pea or peas in size and shape; as, a pisiform iron
ore.

PISIFORM
Pi"si*form, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A small bone on the ulnar side of the carpus in man and many
mammals. See Illust. of Artiodactyla.

PISMIRE
Pis"mire, n. Etym: [Piss + mire; so called because it discharges a
moisture vulgarly considered urine. See Mire an ant.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An ant, or emmet.

PISOLITE
Pi"so*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. pisolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of calcite, or calcium carbonate, consisting of
aggregated globular concretions about the size of a pea; -- called
also peastone, peagrit.

Note: Oölite is similar in structure, but the concretions are as
small as the roe of a fish.

PISOLITIC
Pi`so*lit"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pisolithique.] (Min.)

Defn: Composed of, containing, or resembling, pisolite.

PISOPHALT
Pis"o*phalt, n. Etym: [For pissasphalt.] (Min.)

Defn: Pissasphalt. [Obs.]

PISS
Piss, v. t. & i. Etym: [OE. pissen, F. pisser; akin to It. pisciare,
D. & G. pissen, Dan. pisse, Icel. pissa.]

Defn: To discharge urine, to urinate. Shak.

PISS
Piss, n.

Defn: Urine.

PISSABED
Piss"a*bed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name locally applied to various wild plants, as dandelion,
bluet, oxeye daisy, etc.

PISSASPHALT
Pis"sas*phalt, n. Etym: [L. pissasphaltus, Gr. pissasphalte.] (Min.)

Defn: Earth pitch; a soft, black bitumen of the consistence of tar,
and of a strong smell. It is inflammable, and intermediate between
petroleum and asphalt. [Written also pisasphaltum, pisasphalt, etc.]

PIST
Pist, n.

Defn: (man.) See Piste.

PISTACHE
Pis*tache", n. [OE. pistace, fr. F. pistache. See Pistachio.] (Bot.)

Defn: The anacardiaceous tree Pistacia vera, which yields the
pistachio nut; also, the nut itself and the flavoring extract
prepared from it.

PISTACHIO
Pis*ta"chio, n. Etym: [It. pistacchio (cf. Sp. pistacho, F.
pistache), fr. L. pistacium, Gr. pistah. Cf. Fistinut.] (Bot.)

Defn: The nut of the Pistacia vera, a tree of the order Anacardiaceæ,
containing a kernel of a pale greenish color, which has a pleasant
taste, resembling that of the almond, and yields an oil of agreeable
taste and odor; -- called also pistachio nut. It is wholesome and
nutritive. The tree grows in Arabia, Persia, Syria, and Sicily.
[Written also pistachia.]

PISTACHIO GREEN
Pistachio green.

Defn: A light yellowish green color resembling that of the pistachio
nut.

PISTACIA
Pis*ta"ci*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Pistachio.] (Bot.)

Defn: The name of a genus of trees, including the tree which bears
the pistachio, the Mediterranean mastic tree (Pistacia Lentiscus),
and the species (P. Terebinthus) which yields Chian or Cyprus
turpentine.

PISTACITE
Pis"ta*cite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pistacite. So called from its green
color. See Pistachio.] (Min.)

Defn: Epidote.

PISTAREEN
Pis`ta*reen", n.

Defn: An old Spanish silver coin of the value of about twenty cents.

PISTAZITE
Pis"ta*zite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Pistacite.

PISTE
Piste, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. pisere, pinsere, pistum, to pound.]
(Min.)

Defn: The track or tread a horseman makes upon the ground he goes
over. Johnson.

PISTEL; PISTIL
Pis"tel, Pis"til, n.

Defn: An epistle. [Obs.]

PISTIC
Pis"tic, a. Etym: [L. pisticus, Gr.

Defn: Pure; genuine. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

PISTIL
Pis"til, n. Etym: [L. pistillum, pistillus, a pestle: cf. F. pistil.
See Pestle.] (Bot.)

Defn: The seed-bearing organ of a flower. It consists of an ovary,
containing the ovules or rudimentary seeds, and a stigma, which is
commonly raised on an elongated portion called a style. When composed
of one carpel a pistil is simple; when composed of several, it is
compound. See Illust. of Flower, and Ovary.

PISTILLACEOUS
Pis`til*la"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing on, or having nature of, the pistil; of or pertaining
to a pistil. Barton.

PISTILLATE
Pis"til*late, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a pistil or pistils; -- usually said of flowers having
pistils but no stamens.

PISTILLATION
Pis`til*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. pistillum a pestle.]

Defn: The act of pounding or breaking in a mortar; pestillation.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PISTILLIDIUM
Pis`til*lid"i*um, n.; pl. Pistillida. Etym: [NL., fr. E. pistil.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Same as Archegonium.

PISTILLIFEROUS
Pis`til*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Pistil + -ferous: cf. F. pistillifère.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Pistillate.

PISTILLODY
Pis"til*lo*dy, n. Etym: [Pistil + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The metamorphosis of other organs into pistils.

PISTOL
Pis"tol, n. Etym: [F. pistole, pistolet, It. pistola; prob. from a
form Pistola, for Pistoja, a town in Italy where pistols were first
made. Cf. Pistole.]

Defn: The smallest firearm used, intended to be fired from one hand,
-- now of many patterns, and bearing a great variety of names. See
Illust. of Revolver. Pistol carbine, a firearm with a removable but-
piece, and thus capable of being used either as a pistol or a
carbine.
 -- Pistol pipe (Metal.), a pipe in which the blast for a furnace is
heated, resembling a pistol in form.
 -- Pistol shot. (a) The discharge of a pistol. (b) The distance to
which a pistol can propel a ball.

PISTOL
Pis"tol, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pistoled; p. pr. & vb. n. Pistoling.]
Etym: [Cf. F. pistoler.]

Defn: To shoot with a pistol. "To pistol a poacher." Sydney Smith.

PISTOLADE
Pis"to*lade`, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A pistol shot.

PISTOLE
Pis*tole", n. Etym: [F., probably a name given in jest in France to a
Spanish coin. Cf. Pistol.]

Defn: The name of certain gold coins of various values formerly
coined in some countries of Europe. In Spain it was equivalent to a
quarter doubloon, or about $3.90, and in Germany and Italy nearly the
same. There was an old Italian pistole worth about $5.40.

PISTOLEER
Pis`to*leer", n. Etym: [Cf. F. pistolier.]

Defn: One who uses a pistol. [R.] Carlyle.

PISTOLET
Pis"to*let`, n. Etym: [F., a dim. of pistole.]

Defn: A small pistol. Donne. Beau. & Fl.

PISTON
Pis"ton, n. Etym: [F. piston; cf. It. pistone piston, also pestone a
large pestle; all fr. L. pinsere, pistum, to pound, to stamp. See
Pestle, Pistil.] (Mach.)

Defn: A sliding piece which either is moved by, or moves against,
fluid pressure. It usually consists of a short cylinder fitting
within a cylindrical vessel along which it moves, back and forth. It
is used in steam engines to receive motion from the steam, and in
pumps to transmit motion to a fluid; also for other purposes. Piston
head (Steam Eng.), that part of a piston which is made fast to the
piston rod.
 -- Piston rod, a rod by which a piston is moved, or by which it
communicates motion.
 -- Piston valve (Steam Eng.), a slide valve, consisting of a piston,
or connected pistons, working in a cylindrical case which is provided
with ports that are traversed by the valve.

PISTON RING
Pis"ton ring. (Mach.)

Defn: A spring packing ring, or any of several such rings, for a
piston.

PIT
Pit, n. Etym: [OE. pit, put, AS. pytt a pit, hole, L. puteus a well,
pit.]

1. A large cavity or hole in the ground, either natural or
artificial; a cavity in the surface of a body; an indentation;
specifically:
(a) The shaft of a coal mine; a coal pit.
(b) A large hole in the ground from which material is dug or
quarried; as, a stone pit; a gravel pit; or in which material is made
by burning; as, a lime pit; a charcoal pit.
(c) A vat sunk in the ground; as, a tan pit.
Tumble me into some loathsome pit. Shak.

2. Any abyss; especially, the grave, or hades.
Back to the infernal pit I drag thee chained. Milton.
He keepth back his soul from the pit. Job xxxiii. 18.

3. A covered deep hole for entrapping wild beasts; a pitfall; hence,
a trap; a snare. Also used figuratively.
The anointed of the Lord was taken in their pits. Lam. iv. 20.

4. A depression or hollow in the surface of the human body; as:
(a) The hollow place under the shoulder or arm; the axilla, or
armpit.
(b) See Pit of the stomach (below).
(c) The indentation or mark left by a pustule, as in smallpox.

5. Formerly, that part of a theater, on the floor of the house, below
the level of the stage and behind the orchestra; now, in England,
commonly the part behind the stalls; in the United States, the
parquet; also, the occupants of such a part of a theater.

6. An inclosed area into which gamecocks, dogs, and other animals are
brought to fight, or where dogs are trained to kill rats. "As
fiercely as two gamecocks in the pit." Locke.

7. Etym: [Cf. D. pit, akin to E. pith.] (Bot.)
(a) The endocarp of a drupe, and its contained seed or seeds; a
stone; as, a peach pit; a cherry pit, etc.
(b) A depression or thin spot in the wall of a duct. Cold pit
(Hort.), an excavation in the earth, lined with masonry or boards,
and covered with glass, but not artificially heated, -- used in
winter for the storing and protection of half-hardly plants, and
sometimes in the spring as a forcing bed.
 -- Pit coal, coal dug from the earth; mineral coal.
 -- Pit frame, the framework over the shaft of a coal mine.
 -- Pit head, the surface of the ground at the mouth of a pit or
mine.
 -- Pit kiln, an oven for coking coal.
 -- Pit martin (Zoöl.), the bank swallow. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pit of the
stomach (Anat.), the depression on the middle line of the epigastric
region of the abdomen at the lower end of the sternum; the
infrasternal depression.
 -- Pit saw (Mech.), a saw worked by two men, one of whom stands on
the log and the other beneath it. The place of the latter is often in
a pit, whence the name.
 -- Pit viper (Zoöl.), any viperine snake having a deep pit on each
side of the snout. The rattlesnake and copperhead are examples.
 -- Working pit (Min.), a shaft in which the ore is hoisted and the
workmen carried; -- in distinction from a shaft used for the pumps.

PIT
Pit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pitting.]

1. To place or put into a pit or hole.
They lived like beasts, and were pitted like beasts, tumbled into the
grave. T. Grander.

2. To mark with little hollows, as by various pustules; as, a face
pitted by smallpox.

3. To introduce as an antagonist; to set forward for or in a contest;
as, to pit one dog against another.

PITA
Pi"ta, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Bot.)
(a) A fiber obtained from the Agave Americana and other related
species, -- used for making cordage and paper. Called also pita
fiber, and pita thread.
(b) The plant which yields the fiber.

PITAHAYA
Pit`a*ha"ya, n. Etym: [Sp., prob. from the native name.] (Bot.)

Defn: A cactaceous shrub (Cereus Pitajaya) of tropical America, which
yields a delicious fruit.

PITAPAT
Pit"a*pat`, adv. Etym: [An onomatopoetic reduplication of pat a
light, quick blow.]

Defn: In a flutter; with palpitation or quick succession of beats.
Lowell. "The fox's heart went pitapat." L'Estrange.

PITAPAT
Pit"a*pat`, n.

Defn: A light, repeated sound; a pattering, as of the rain. "The
pitapat of a pretty foot." Dryden.

PITCH
Pitch, n. Etym: [OE. pich, AS. pic, L. pix; akin to Gr.

1. A thick, black, lustrous, and sticky substance obtained by boiling
down tar. It is used in calking the seams of ships; also in coating
rope, canvas, wood, ironwork, etc., to preserve them.
He that toucheth pitch shall be defiled therewith. Ecclus. xiii. 1.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: See Pitchstone. Amboyna pitch, the resin of Dammara australis.
See Kauri.
 -- Burgundy pitch. See under Burgundy.
 -- Canada pitch, the resinous exudation of the hemlock tree (Abies
Canadensis); hemlock gum.
 -- Jew's pitch, bitumen.
 -- Mineral pitch. See Bitumen and Asphalt.
 -- Pitch coal (Min.), bituminous coal.
 -- Pitch peat (Min.), a black homogeneous peat, with a waxy luster.
 -- Pitch pine (Bot.), any one of several species of pine, yielding
pitch, esp. the Pinus rigida of North America.

PITCH
Pitch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pitched; p. pr. & vb. n. Pitching.] Etym:
[See Pitch, n.]

1. To cover over or smear with pitch. Gen. vi. 14.

2. Fig.: To darken; to blacken; to obscure.
The welkin pitched with sullen could. Addison.

PITCH
Pitch, v. t. Etym: [OE. picchen; akin to E. pick, pike.]

1. To throw, generally with a definite aim or purpose; to cast; to
hurl; to toss; as, to pitch quoits; to pitch hay; to pitch a ball.

2. To thrust or plant in the ground, as stakes or poles; hence, to
fix firmly, as by means of poles; to establish; to arrange; as, to
pitch a tent; to pitch a camp.

3. To set, face, or pave with rubble or undressed stones, as an
embankment or a roadway. Knight.

4. To fix or set the tone of; as, to pitch a tune.

5. To set or fix, as a price or value. [Obs.] Shak. Pitched battle, a
general battle; a battle in which the hostile forces have fixed
positions; -- in distinction from a skirmish.
 -- To pitch into, to attack; to assault; to abuse. [Slang]

PITCH
Pitch, v. i.

1. To fix or place a tent or temporary habitation; to encamp. "Laban
with his brethren pitched in the Mount of Gilead." Gen. xxxi. 25.

2. To light; to settle; to come to rest from flight.
The tree whereon they [the bees] pitch. Mortimer.

3. To fix one's choise; -- with on or upon.
Pitch upon the best course of life, and custom will render it the
more easy. Tillotson.

4. To plunge or fall; esp., to fall forward; to decline or slope; as,
to pitch from a precipice; the vessel pitches in a heavy sea; the
field pitches toward the east. Pitch and pay, an old aphorism which
inculcates ready-money payment, or payment on delivery of goods.
Shak.

PITCH
Pitch, n.

1. A throw; a toss; a cast, as of something from the hand; as, a good
pitch in quoits. Pitch and toss, a game played by tossing up a coin,
and calling "Heads or tails;" hence: To play pitch and toss with
(anything), to be careless or trust to luck about it. "To play pitch
and toss with the property of the country." G. Eliot.
 -- Pitch farthing. See Chuck farthing, under 5th Chuck.

2. (Cricket)

Defn: That point of the ground on which the ball pitches or lights
when bowled.

3. A point or peak; the extreme point or degree of elevation or
depression; hence, a limit or bound.
Driven headlong from the pitch of heaven, down Into this deep.
Milton.
Enterprises of great pitch and moment. Shak.
To lowest pitch of abject fortune. Milton.
He lived when learning was at its highest pitch. Addison.
The exact pitch, or limits, where temperance ends. Sharp.

4. Height; stature. [Obs.] Hudibras.

5. A descent; a fall; a thrusting down.

6. The point where a declivity begins; hence, the declivity itself; a
descending slope; the degree or rate of descent or slope; slant; as,
a steep pitch in the road; the pitch of a roof.

7. (Mus.)

Defn: The relative acuteness or gravity of a tone, determined by the
number of vibrations which produce it; the place of any tone upon a
scale of high and low.

Note: Musical tones with reference to absolute pitch, are named after
the first seven letters of the alphabet; with reference to relative
pitch, in a series of tones called the scale, they are called one,
two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. Eight is also one of a new
scale an octave higher, as one is eight of a scale an octave lower.

8. (Mining)

Defn: The limit of ground set to a miner who receives a share of the
ore taken out.

9. (Mech.)
(a) The distance from center to center of any two adjacent teeth of
gearing, measured on the pitch line; -- called also circular pitch.
(b) The length, measured along the axis, of a complete turn of the
thread of a screw, or of the helical lines of the blades of a screw
propeller.
(c) The distance between the centers of holes, as of rivet holes in
boiler plates. Concert pitch (Mus.), the standard of pitch used by
orchestras, as in concerts, etc.
 -- Diametral pitch (Gearing), the distance which bears the same
relation to the pitch proper, or circular pitch, that the diameter of
a circle bears to its circumference; it is sometimes described by the
number expressing the quotient obtained by dividing the number of
teeth in a wheel by the diameter of its pitch circle in inches; as, 4
pitch, 8 pitch, etc.
 -- Pitch chain, a chain, as one made of metallic plates, adapted for
working with a sprocket wheel.
 -- Pitch line, or Pitch circle (Gearing), an ideal line, in a
toothed gear or rack, bearing such a relation to a corresponding line
in another gear, with which the former works, that the two lines will
have a common velocity as in rolling contact; it usually cuts the
teeth at about the middle of their height, and, in a circular gear,
is a circle concentric with the axis of the gear; the line, or
circle, on which the pitch of teeth is measured.
 -- Pitch of a roof (Arch.), the inclination or slope of the sides
expressed by the height in parts of the span; as, one half pitch;
whole pitch; or by the height in parts of the half span, especially
among engineers; or by degrees, as a pitch of 30°, of 45°, etc.; or
by the rise and run, that is, the ratio of the height to the half
span; as, a pitch of six rise to ten run. Equilateral pitch is where
the two sloping sides with the span form an equilateral triangle.
 -- Pitch of a plane (Carp.), the slant of the cutting iron.
 -- Pitch pipe, a wind instrument used by choristers in regulating
the pitch of a tune.
 -- Pitch point (Gearing), the point of contact of the pitch lines of
two gears, or of a rack and pinion, which work together.

PITCH-BLACK
Pitch"-black`, a.

Defn: Black as pitch or tar.

PITCHBLENDE
Pitch"blende`, n. Etym: [1st pitch + blende.] (Min.)

Defn: A pitch-black mineral consisting chiefly of the oxide of
uranium; uraninite. See Uraninite.

PITCH-DARK
Pitch"-dark`, a.

Defn: Dark as a pitch; pitch-black.

PITCHER
Pitch"er, n.

1. One who pitches anything, as hay, quoits, a ball, etc.;
specifically (Baseball), the player who delivers the ball to the
batsman.

2. A sort of crowbar for digging. [Obs.] Mortimer.

PITCHER
Pitch"er, n. Etym: [OE. picher, OF. pichier, OHG. pehhar, pehhari;
prob. of the same origin as E. beaker. Cf. Beaker.]

1. A wide-mouthed, deep vessel for holding liquids, with a spout or
protruding lip and a handle; a water jug or jar with a large ear or
handle.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A tubular or cuplike appendage or expansion of the leaves of
certain plants. American pitcher plants, the species of Sarracenia.
See Sarracenia.
 -- Australian pitcher plant, the Cephalotus follicularis, a low
saxifragaceous herb having two kinds of radical leaves, some
oblanceolate and entire, others transformed into little ovoid
pitchers, longitudinally triple-winged and ciliated, the mouth
covered with a lid shaped like a cockleshell.
 -- California pitcher plant, the Darlingtonia California. See
Darlingtonia.
 -- Pitcher plant, any plant with the whole or a part of the leaves
transformed into pitchers or cuplike organs, especially the species
of Nepenthes. See Nepenthes.

PITCHERFUL
Pitch"er*ful, n.; pl. Pitcherfuls (.

Defn: The quantity a pitcher will hold.

PITCH-FACED
Pitch"-faced`, a. (Stone Cutting)

Defn: Having the arris defined by a line beyond which the rock is cut
away, so as to give nearly true edges; -- said of squared stones that
are otherwise quarry-faced.

PITCHFORK
Pitch"fork`, n.

Defn: A fork, or farming utensil, used in pitching hay, sheaves of
grain, or the like.

PITCHFORK
Pitch"fork`, v. t.

Defn: To pitch or throw with, or as with, a pitchfork.
He has been pitchforked into the footguards. G. A. Sala.

PITCHINESS
Pitch"i*ness, n. Etym: [From Pitchy.]

Defn: Blackness, as of pitch; darkness.

PITCHING
Pitch"ing, n.

1. The act of throwing or casting; a cast; a pitch; as, wild pitching
in baseball.

2. The rough paving of a street to a grade with blocks of stone.
Mayhew.

3. (Hydraul. Eng.)

Defn: A facing of stone laid upon a bank to prevent wear by tides or
currents. Pitching piece (Carp.), the horizontal timber supporting
the floor of a platform of a stairway, and against which the
stringpieces of the sloping parts are supported.

PITCH-ORE
Pitch"-ore`, n. (Min.)

Defn: Pitchblende.

PITCHSTONE
Pitch"stone`, n. (Geol.)

Defn: An igneous rock of semiglassy nature, having a luster like
pitch.

PITCHWORK
Pitch"work`, n.

Defn: The work of a coal miner who is paid by a share of his product.

PITCHY
Pitch"y, a. Etym: [From 1st Pitch.]

1. Partaking of the qualities of pitch; resembling pitch.

2. Smeared with pitch.

3. Black; pitch-dark; dismal. "Pitchy night." Shak.

PITEOUS
Pit"e*ous, a. Etym: [OE. pitous, OF. pitos, F. piteux. See Pity.]

1. Pious; devout. [Obs.]
The Lord can deliver piteous men from temptation. Wyclif.

2. Evincing pity, compassion, or sympathy; compassionate; tender.
"[She] piteous of his case." Pope.
She was so charitable and so pitous. Chaucer.

3. Fitted to excite pity or sympathy; wretched; miserable;
lamentable; sad; as, a piteous case. Spenser.
The most piteous tale of Lear. Shak.

4. Paltry; mean; pitiful. "Piteous amends." Milton.

Syn.
 -- Sorrowful; mournful; affecting; doleful; woeful; rueful; sad;
wretched; miserable; pitiable; pitiful; compassionate.
 -- Pit"e*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Pit"e*ous*ness, n.

PITFALL
Pit"fall`, n.

Defn: A pit deceitfully covered to entrap wild beasts or men; a trap
of any kind. Sir T. North.

PITFALLING
Pit"fall`ing, a.

Defn: Entrapping; insnaring. [R.] "Full of . . . contradiction and
pitfalling dispenses." Milton.

PITH
Pith, n. Etym: [AS. pi; akin to D. pit pith, kernel, LG. peddik. Cf.
Pit a kernel.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The soft spongy substance in the center of the stems of many
plants and trees, especially those of the dicotyledonous or exogenous
classes. It consists of cellular tissue.

2.
(a) (Zoöl.) The spongy interior substance of a feather.
(b) (Anat.) The spinal cord; the marrow.

3. Hence: The which contains the strength of life; the vital or
essential part; concentrated force; vigor; strength; importance; as,
the speech lacked pith.
Enterprises of great pith and moment. Shak.
Pith paper. Same as Rice paper, under Rice.

PITH
Pith, v. t. (Physiol.)

Defn: To destroy the central nervous system of (an animal, as a
frog), as by passing a stout wire or needle up and down the vertebral
canal.

PITHECANTHROPUS
Pith`e*can*thro"pus, n. [NL.; Gr.  ape +  man.]

1. A hypothetical genus of primates intermediate between man and the
anthropoid apes. Haeckel.

2.  A genus consisting of an primate (P. erectus) apparently
intermediate between man and the existing anthropoid apes, known from
bones of a single individual found in Java (hence called Java man) in
1891-92. These bones include a thigh bone of the human type, two
molar teeth intermediate between those of man and the anthropoids,
and the calvaria of the skull, indicating a brain capacity of about
900 cubic centimeters, and resembling in form that of the Neanderthal
man. Also [pl. -thropi],

Defn: an animal of this genus. --Pith`e*can"thrope (#), n. --
Pith`e*can"thro*poid (#), a.

PITHECI
Pi*the"ci, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of mammals including the apes and monkeys. Sometimes
used in the sense of Primates.

PITHECOID
Pith"e*coid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

1. Of or pertaining to the genus Pithecia, or subfamily Pithecinæ,
which includes the saki, ouakari, and other allied South American
monkeys.

2. Of or pertaining to the anthropoid apes in particular, or to the
higher apes of the Old World, collectively.

PITHFUL
Pith"ful, a.

Defn: Full of pith. [R.] W. Browne.

PITHILY
Pith"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pithy manner.

PITHINESS
Pith"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being pithy.

PITHLESS
Pith"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of pith, or of strength; feeble. Dryden. "Pithless
argumentation." Glandstone.

PIT-HOLE
Pit"-hole`, n.

Defn: A pit; a pockmark.

PITHSOME
Pith"some, a.

Defn: Pithy; robust. [R.] "Pithsome health and vigor." R. D.
Blackmore.

PITHY
Pith"y, a. [Compar. Pithier; superl. Pithiest.]

1. Consisting wholly, or in part, of pith; abounding in pith; as, a
pithy stem; a pithy fruit.

2. Having nervous energy; forceful; cogent.
This pithy speech prevailed, and all agreed. Dryden.
In all these Goodman Fact was very short, but pithy. Addison.
Pithy gall (Zoöl.), a large, rough, furrowed, oblong gall, formed on
blackberry canes by a small gallfly (Diastrophus nebulosus).

PITIABLE
Pit"i*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. pitiable, F. pitoyable.]

Defn: Deserving pity; wworthy of, or exciting, compassion; miserable;
lamentable; piteous; as, pitiable persons; a pitiable condition;
pitiable wretchedness.

Syn.
 -- Sorrowful; woeful; sad. See Piteous.
 -- Pit"i*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Pit"i*a*bly, adv.

PITIER
Pit"i*er, n.

Defn: One who pities. Gauden.

PITIFUL
Pit"i*ful, a.

1. Full of pity; tender-hearted; compassionate; kind; merciful;
sympathetic.
The Lord is very pitiful, and of tender mercy. James v. 11.

2. Piteous; lamentable; eliciting compassion.
A thing, indeed, very pitiful and horrible. Spenser.

3. To be pitied for littleness or meanness; miserable; paltry;
contemptible; despicable.
That's villainous, and shows a most pitiful ambition in the fool that
uses it. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Despicable; mean; paltry. See Contemptible.
 -- Pit"i*ful*ly, adv.
 -- Pit"i*ful*ness, n.

PITILESS
Pit"i*less, a.

1. Destitute of pity; hard-hearted; merciless; as, a pitilessmaster;
pitiless elements.

2. Exciting no pity; as, a pitiless condition.
 -- Pit"i*less*ly, adv.
 -- Pit"i*less*ness, n.

PITMAN
Pit"man, n.; pl. Pitmen (.

1. One who works in a pit, as in mining, in sawing timber, etc.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: The connecting rod in a sawmill; also, sometimes, a connecting
rod in other machinery.

PITOT'S TUBE
Pi*tot's" tube`. (Hydraul.)

Defn: A bent tube used to determine the velocity of running water, by
placing the curved end under water, and observing the height to which
the fluid rises in the tube; a kind of current meter.

PITPAN
Pit"pan`, n.

Defn: A long, flat-bottomed canoe, used for the navigation of rivers
and lagoons in Central America. Squier.

PITPAT
Pit"pat`, n. & adv.

Defn: See Pitapat.

PITTA
Pit"ta, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of a large group of bright-colored clamatorial birds
belonging to Pitta, and allied genera of the family Pittidæ. Most of
the species are varied with three or more colors, such as blue,
green, crimson, yellow, purple, and black. They are called also
ground thrushes, and Old World ant thrushes; but they are not related
to the true thrushes.

Note: The pittas are most abundant in the East Indies, but some
inhabit Southern Asia, Africa, and Australia. They live mostly upon
the ground, and feed upon insects of various kinds.

PITTACAL
Pit"ta*cal, n. Etym: [Gr. pittacale.] (Chem.)

Defn: A dark blue substance obtained from wood tar. It consists of
hydrocarbons which when oxidized form the orange-yellow eupittonic
compounds, the salts of which are dark blue.

PITTANCE
Pit"tance, n. Etym: [OE. pitance, pitaunce, F. pitance; cf. It.
pietanza, LL. pitancia, pittantia, pictantia; perh. fr. L. pietas
pity, piety, or perhaps akin to E. petty. Cf. Petty, and Pity.]

1. An allowance of food bestowed in charity; a mess of victuals;
hence, a small charity gift; a dole. "A good pitaunce." Chaucer.
One half only of this pittance was ever given him in money. Macaulay.

2. A meager portion, quality, or allowance; an inconsiderable salary
or compensation. "The small pittance of learning they received."
Swift.
The inconsiderable pittance of faithful professors. Fuller.

PITTED
Pit"ted, a.

1. Marked with little pits, as in smallpox. See Pit, v. t., 2.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having minute thin spots; as, pitted ducts in the vascular
parts of vegetable tissue.

PITTER
Pit"ter, n.

Defn: A contrivance for removing the pits from peaches, plums, and
other stone fruit.

PITTER
Pit"ter, v. i.

Defn: To make a pattering sound; to murmur; as, pittering streams.
[Obs.] R. Greene.

PITTER-PATTER
Pit"ter-pat`ter, n.

Defn: A sound like that of alternating light beats. Also, a pattering
of words.

PITTER-PATTER
Pit"ter-pat`ter, adv.

Defn: With, or with the sound of, alternating light beats; as, his
heart went pitter-patter.

PITTLE-PATTLE
Pit"tle-pat`tle, v. i.

Defn: To talk unmeaningly; to chatter or prattle. [R.] Latimer.

PITUITARY
Pi*tu"i*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. pituita phlegm, pituite: cf. F.
pituitarie.] (Anat.)
(a) Secreting mucus or phlegm; as, the pituitary membrane, or the
mucous membrane which lines the nasal cavities.
(b) Of or pertaining to the pituitary body; as, the pituitary fossa.
Pituitary body or gland (Anat.), a glandlike body of unknown
function, situated in the pituitary fossa, and connected with the
infundibulum of the brain; the hypophysis.
 -- Pituitary fossa (Anat.), the ephippium.

PITUITE
Pit"u*ite, n. Etym: [L. pituita: cf. F. pituite. Cf. Pip a disease of
fowls.]

Defn: Mucus, phlegm.

PITUITOUS
Pi*tu"i*tous, a. Etym: [L. pituitosus: cf. F. pituiteux.]

Defn: Consisting of, or resembling, pituite or mucus; full of mucus;
discharging mucus. Pituitous fever (Med.), typhoid fever; enteric
fever.

PITUITRIN
Pi*tu"i*trin, n. (Biol. Chem.)

Defn: A substance or extract from the pituitary body.

PITY
Pit"y, n.; pl. Pities. Etym: [OE. pite, OF. pité, pitié, F. pitié, L.
pietas piety, kindness, pity. See Pious, and cf. Piety.]

1. Piety. [Obs.] Wyclif.

2. A feeling for the sufferings or distresses of another or others;
sympathy with the grief or misery of another; compassion; fellow-
feeling; commiseration.
He that hath pity upon the poor lendeth unto the Lord. Prov. xix. 17.
He . . . has no more pity in him than a dog. Shak.

3. A reason or cause of pity, grief, or regret; a thing to be
regretted. "The more the pity." Shak.
What pity is it That we can die but once to serve our country!
Addison.

Note: In this sense, sometimes used in the plural, especially in the
colloquialism: "It is a thousand pities."

Syn.
 -- Compassion; mercy; commiseration; condolence; sympathy, fellow-
suffering; fellow-feeling.
 -- Pity, Sympathy, Compassion. Sympathy is literally fellow-feeling,
and therefore requiers a certain degree of equality in situation,
circumstances, etc., to its fullest exercise. Compassion is deep
tenderness for another under severe or inevitable misfortune. Pity
regards its object not only as suffering, but weak, and hence as
inferior.

PITY
Pit"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pitied; p. pr. & vb. n. Pitying.]

1. To feel pity or compassion for; to have sympathy with; to
compassionate; to commiserate; to have tender feelings toward (any
one), awakened by a knowledge of suffering.
Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that
fear him. Ps. ciii. 13.

2. To move to pity; -- used impersonally. [Obs.]
It pitieth them to see her in the dust. Bk. of Com. Prayer.

PITY
Pit"y, v. i.

Defn: To be compassionate; to show pity.
I will not pity, nor spare, nor have mercy. Jer. xiii. 14.

PITYING
Pit"y*ing, a.

Defn: Expressing pity; as, a pitying eye, glance, or word.
 -- Pit"y*ing*ly, adv.

PITYRIASIS
Pit`y*ri"a*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A superficial affection of the skin, characterized by irregular
patches of thin scales which are shed in branlike particles.
Pityriasis versicolor Etym: [NL.] (Med.), a parasitic disease of the
skin, characterized by the development of reddish or brownish
patches.

PITYROID
Pit"y*roid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Having the form of, or resembling, bran. Smart.

PIU
Pi"ù, adv. Etym: [It., fr. L. plus. See Plus.] (Mus.)

Defn: A little more; as, più allegro, a little more briskly.

PIVOT
Piv"ot, n. Etym: [F.; prob. akin to It. piva pipe, F. pipe. See
Pipe.]

1. A fixed pin or short axis, on the end of which a wheel or other
body turns.

2. The end of a shaft or arbor which rests and turns in a support;
as, the pivot of an arbor in a watch.

3. Hence, figuratively: A turning point or condition; that on which
important results depend; as, the pivot of an enterprise.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: The officer or soldier who simply turns in his place whike the
company or line moves around him in wheeling; -- called also pivot
man. Pivot bridge, a form of drawbridge in which one span, called the
pivot span, turns about a central vertical axis.
 -- Pivot gun, a gun mounted on a pivot or revolving carriage, so as
to turn in any direction.
 -- Pivot tooth (Dentistry), an artificial crown attached to the root
of a natural tooth by a pin or peg.

PIVOT
Piv"ot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pivoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pivoting.]

Defn: To place on a pivot. Clarke.

PIVOTAL
Piv"ot*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pivot or turning point; belonging to, or
constituting, a pivot; of the nature of a pivot; as, the
pivotalopportunity of a career; the pivotal position in a battle.

PIX
Pix, n. & v.

Defn: See Pyx.

PIXY; PIXIE
Pix"y, Pix"ie, n.; pl. Pixies. Etym: [For Pucksy, from Puck.]

1. An old English name for a fairy; an elf. [Written also picksy.]

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A low creeping evergreen plant (Pyxidanthera barbulata), with
mosslike leaves and little white blossoms, found in New Jersey and
southward, where it flowers in earliest spring. Pixy ring, a fairy
ring or circle. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pixy stool (Bot.), a toadstool or
mushroom. [Prov. Eng.]

PIXY-LED
Pix"y-led`, a.

Defn: Led by pixies; bewildered.

PIZZICATO
Piz`zi*ca"to. Etym: [It., pinched.] (Mus.)

Defn: A direction to violinists to pluck the string with the finger,
instead of using the bow. (Abrev. pizz.)

PIZZLE
Piz"zle, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. G. pissel, pesel, peisel, peserich, D.
pees a tendon or spring.]

Defn: The penis; -- so called in some animals, as the bull. Shak.

PLACABILITY
Pla`ca*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. placabilitas: cf. F. placabilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being placable or appeasable; placable
disposition.

PLACABLE
Pla"ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. placabilis, fr. placare to quiet, pacify:
cf. F. placable. See Placate.]

Defn: Capable of being appeased or pacified; ready or willing to be
pacified; willing to forgive or condone.
Methought I saw him placable and mild. Milton.

PLACABLENESS
Pla"ca*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being placable.

PLACARD
Pla*card", n. Etym: [F., fr. plaquer to lay or clap on, plaque plate,
tablet; probably from Dutch, cf. D. plakken to paste, post up, plak a
flat piece of wood.]

1. A public proclamation; a manifesto or edict issued by authority.
[Obs.]
All placards or edicts are published in his name. Howell.

2. Permission given by authority; a license; as, to give a placard to
do something. [Obs.] ller.

3. A written or printed paper, as an advertisement or a declaration,
posted, or to be posted, in a public place; a poster.

4. (Anc. Armor)

Defn: An extra plate on the lower part of the breastplate or
backplate. Planché.

5. Etym: [Cf. Placket.]

Defn: A kind of stomacher, often adorned with jewels, worn in the
fifteenth century and later.

PLACARD
Pla*card", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Placarded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Placarding.]

1. To post placards upon or within; as, to placard a wall, to placard
the city.

2. To announce by placards; as, to placard a sale.

PLACATE
Plac"ate, n.

Defn: Same as Placard, 4 & 5.

PLACATE
Pla"cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Placated; p. pr. & vb. n. Placating.]
Etym: [L. placatus, p.p. of placare to placate, akin to placere to
please. See Please.]

Defn: To appease; to pacify; to concilate. "Therefore is he always
propitiated and placated." Cudworth.

PLACATION
Pla*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. placatio.]

Defn: The act of placating. [R.] Puttenham (1589).

PLACE
Place, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. platea a street, an area, a courtyard,
from Gr. platei^a a street, properly fem. of platy`s, flat, broad;
akin to Skr. prsthu, Lith. platus. Cf. Flawn, Piazza, Plate, Plaza.]

1. Any portion of space regarded as measured off or distinct from all
other space, or appropriated to some definite object or use;
position; ground; site; spot; rarely, unbounded space.
Here is the place appointed. Shak.
What place can be for us Within heaven's bound Milton.
The word place has sometimes a more confused sense, and stands for
that space which any body takes up; and so the universe is a place.
Locke.

2. A broad way in a city; an open space; an area; a court or short
part of a street open only at one end. "Hangman boys in the market
place." Shak.

3. A position which is occupied and held; a dwelling; a mansion; a
village, town, or city; a fortified town or post; a stronghold; a
region or country.
Are you native of this place Shak.

4. Rank; degree; grade; order of priority, advancement, dignity, or
importance; especially, social rank or position; condition; also,
official station; occupation; calling. "The enervating magic of
place." Hawthorne.
Men in great place are thrice servants. Bacon.
I know my place as I would they should do theirs. Shak.

5. Vacated or relinquished space; room; stead (the departure or
removal of another being or thing being implied). "In place of Lord
Bassanio." Shak.

6. A definite position or passage of a document.
The place of the scripture which he read was this. Acts viii. 32.

7. Ordinal relation; position in the order of proceeding; as, he said
in the first place.

8. Reception; effect; -- implying the making room for.
My word hath no place in you. John viii. 37.

9. (Astron.)

Defn: Position in the heavens, as of a heavenly body; -- usually
defined by its right ascension and declination, or by its latitude
and longitude. Place of arms (Mil.), a place calculated for the
rendezvous of men in arms, etc., as a fort which affords a safe
retreat for hospitals, magazines, etc. Wilhelm.
 -- High place (Script.), a mount on which sacrifices were offered.
"Him that offereth in the high place." Jer. xlviii. 35.
 -- In place, in proper position; timely.
 -- Out of place, inappropriate; ill-timed; as, his remarks were out
of place.
 -- Place kick (Football), the act of kicking the ball after it has
been placed on the ground.
 -- Place name, the name of a place or locality. London Academy.
 -- To give place, to make room; to yield; to give way; to give
advantage. "Neither give place to the devil." Eph. iv. 27. "Let all
the rest give place." Shak.
 -- To have place, to have a station, room, or seat; as, such desires
can have no place in a good heart.
 -- To take place. (a) To come to pass; to occur; as, the ceremony
will not take place. (b) To take precedence or priority. Addison. (c)
To take effect; to prevail. "If your doctrine takes place." Berkeley.
"But none of these excuses would take place." Spenser.
 -- To take the place of, to be substituted for.

Syn.
 -- Situation; seat; abode; position; locality; location; site; spot;
office; employment; charge; function; trust; ground; room; stead.

PLACE
Place, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Placed; p. pr. & vb. n. Placing.] Etym:
[Cf. F. placer. See Place, n.]

1. To assign a place to; to put in a particular spot or place, or in
a certain relative position; to direct to a particular place; to fix;
to settle; to locate; as, to place a book on a shelf; to place balls
in tennis.
Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown. Shak.

2. To put or set in a particular rank, office, or position; to
surround with particular circumstances or relations in life; to
appoint to certain station or condition of life; as, in whatever
sphere one is placed.
Place such over them to be rulers. Ex. xviii. 21.

3. To put out at interest; to invest; to loan; as, to place money in
a bank.

4. To set; to fix; to repose; as, to place confidence in a friend.
"My resolution 's placed." Shak.

5. To attribute; to ascribe; to set down.
Place it for her chief virtue. Shak.
To place (a person), to identify him. [Colloq. U.S.]

Syn.
 -- See Put.

PLACEBO
Pla*ce"bo, n. Etym: [L., I shall please, fut. of placere to please.]

1. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The first antiphon of the vespers for the dead.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A prescription intended to humor or satisfy. To sing placebo,
to agree with one in his opinion; to be complaisant to. Chaucer.

PLACEFUL
Place"ful, a.

Defn: In the appointed place. [Obs.]

PLACE-KICK
Place"-kick`, v. t. & i.

Defn: To make a place kick; to make (a goal) by a place kick. --
Place"-kick`er, n.

PLACELESS
Place"less, a.

Defn: Having no place or office.

PLACEMAN
Place"man, n.; pl. Placemen (.

Defn: One who holds or occupies a place; one who has office under
government. Sir W. Scott.

PLACEMENT
Place"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. placement.]

1. The act of placing, or the state of being placed.

2. Position; place.

PLACENTA
Pla*cen"ta, n.; pl. L. Placentæ, E. Placentas. Etym: [L., a cake, Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The vascular appendage which connects the fetus with the
parent, and is cast off in parturition with the afterbirth.

Note: In most mammals the placenta is principally developed from the
allantois and chorion, and tufts of vascular villi on its surface
penetrate the blood vessels of the parental uterus, and thus
establish a nutritive and excretory connection between the blood of
the fetus and that of the parent, though the blood itself does not
flow from one to the other.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The part of a pistil or fruit to which the ovules or seeds are
attached.

PLACENTAL
Pla*cen"tal, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the placenta; having, or characterized by
having, a placenta; as, a placental mammal.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Placentalia.

PLACENTAL
Pla*cen"tal, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Placentalia.

PLACENTALIA
Plac`en*ta"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Mammalia including those that have a placenta, or
all the orders above the marsupials.

PLACENTARY
Pla*cen"ta*ry, a.

Defn: Having reference to the placenta; as, the placentary system of
classification.

PLACENTATION
Plac`en*ta"tion, n.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The mode of formation of the placenta in different animals; as,
the placentation of mammals.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The mode in which the placenta is arranged or composed; as,
axile placentation; parietal placentation.

PLACENTIFEROUS
Plac`en*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Placenta + -ferous.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Having or producing a placenta.

PLACENTIFORM
Pla*cen"ti*form, a. Etym: [Placenta + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the shape of a placenta, or circular thickened disk
somewhat thinner about the middle.

PLACENTIOUS
Pla*cen"tious, a. Etym: [See Please.]

Defn: Pleasing; amiable. [Obs.] "A placentious person." Fuller.

PLACE-PROUD
Place"-proud`, a.

Defn: Proud of rank or office. Beau. & Fl.

PLACER
Pla"cer, n.

Defn: One who places or sets. Spenser.

PLACER
Plac"er, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A deposit of earth, sand, or gravel, containing valuable
mineral in particles, especially by the side of a river, or in the
bed of a mountain torrent. [U.S.]

PLACET
Pla"cet, n. Etym: [L. placet it pleases.]

1. A vote of assent, as of the governing body of a university, of an
ecclesiastical council, etc.

2. The assent of the civil power to the promulgation of an
ecclesiastical ordinance. Shipley.
The king . . . annulled the royal placet. J. P. Peters.

PLACID
Plac"id, a. Etym: [L. placidus, originally, pleasing, mild, from
placere to please: cf. F. placide. See Please.]

Defn: Pleased; contented; unruffied; undisturbed; serene; peaceful;
tranquil; quiet; gentle. "That placid aspect and meek regard."
Milton. "Sleeping . . . the placid sleep of infancy." Macaulay.

PLACIDITY
Pla*cid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. placiditas: cf. F. placidité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being placid; calmness; serenity.
Hawthorne.

PLACIDLY
Plac"id*ly, adv.

Defn: In a placid manner.

PLACIDNESS
Plac"id*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being placid.

PLACIT
Plac"it, n. Etym: [L. placitum. See Plea.]

Defn: A decree or determination; a dictum. [Obs.] "The placits and
opinions of other philosophers." Evelyn.

PLACITORY
Plac"i*to*ry, a. Etym: [See Placit.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to pleas or pleading, in courts of law. [Obs.]
Clayton.

PLACITUM
Plac"i*tum, n.; pl. Placita. Etym: [LL. See Placit.]

1. A public court or assembly in the Middle Ages, over which the
sovereign president when a consultation was held upon affairs of
state. Brande & C.

2. (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: A court, or cause in court.

3. (Law)

Defn: A plea; a pleading; a judicial proceeding; a suit. Burrill.

PLACK
Plack, n. Etym: [F. plaque a plate of metal. Cf. Plaque.]

Defn: A small copper coin formerly current in Scotland, worth less
than a cent.
With not a plack in the pocket of the poet. Prof. Wilson.

PLACKET
Plack"et, n. Etym: [F. plaquer to lay or clap on. See Placard.]

1. A petticoat, esp. an under petticoat; hence, a cant term for a
woman. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. The opening or slit left in a petticoat or skirt for convenience
in putting it on; -- called also placket hole.

3. A woman's pocket.

PLACODERM
Plac"o*derm, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: One of the Placodermi.

PLACODERMAL
Plac`o*der"mal, a. (Paleon.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the placoderms; like the placoderms.

PLACODERMATA
Plac`o*der"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Same as Placodermi.

PLACODERMI
Plac`o*der"mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct group of fishes, supposed to be ganoids. The body
and head were covered with large bony plates. See Illust. under
Pterichthys, and Coccosteus.

PLACOGANOID
Plac`o*ga"noid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Placoganoidei.

PLACOGANOIDEI
Plac`o*ga*noi"de*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. ganoidei. See
Ganoidei.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of ganoid fishes including those that have large
external bony plates and a cartilaginous skeleton.

PLACOID
Plac"oid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Platelike; having irregular, platelike, bony scales, often
bearing spines; pertaining to the placoids.

PLACOID
Plac"oid, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any fish having placoid scales, as the sharks.
(b) One of the Placoides.

PLACOIDES
Pla*coi"des, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of fishes including the sharks and rays; the
Elasmobranchii; -- called also Placoidei.

PLACOIDIAN
Pla*coid"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the placoids.

PLACOPHORA
Pla*coph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of gastropod Mollusca, including the chitons. The
back is covered by eight shelly plates. Called also Polyplacophora.
See Illust. under Chiton, and Isopleura.

PLAGA
Pla"ga, n.; pl. Plagæ. Etym: [L. plaga a blow, a welt, a stripe.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A stripe of color.

PLAGAL
Pla"gal, a. Etym: [F., from Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: Having a scale running from the dominant to its octave; -- said
of certain old church modes or tunes, as opposed to those called
authentic, which ran from the tonic to its octave. Plagal cadence, a
cadence in which the final chord on the tonic is preceded by the
chord on the subdominant.

PLAGATE
Pla"gate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having plagæ, or irregular enlongated color spots.

PLAGE
Plage, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. plaga.]

Defn: A region; country. [Obs.] "The plages of the north." Chaucer.

PLAGIARISM
Pla"gia*rism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. plagiarisme.]

1. The act or practice of plagiarizing.

2. That which plagiarized.

PLAGIARIST
Pla"gia*rist, n.

Defn: One who plagiarizes; or purloins the words, writings, or ideas
of another, and passes them off as his own; a literary thief; a
plagiary.

PLAGIARIZE
Pla"gia*rize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plagiarized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Plagiarizing.]

Defn: To steal or purloin from the writings of another; to
appropriate without due acknowledgement (the ideas or expressions of
another).

PLAGIARY
Pla"gia*ry, v. i.

Defn: To commit plagiarism.

PLAGIARY
Pla"gia*ry, n.; pl. Plagiaries. Etym: [L. plagiarius a kidnaper, a
literary thief, fr. plagium kidnaping; cf. plaga a net, perh. akin to
E. plait: cf. F. plagiaire.]

1. A manstealer; a kidnaper. [Obs.]

2. One who purloins another's expressions or ideas, and offers them
as his own; a plagiarist. Dryden.

3. Plagiarism; literary thief. Milton.

PLAGIARY
Pla"gia*ry, a.

1. Kidnaping. [Obs.] E. Browne.

2. Practicing plagiarism. Bp. Hall.

PLAGIHEDRAL
Pla`gi*he"dral, a. Etym: [Gr. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Having an oblique spiral arrangement of planes, as levogyrate
and dextrogyrate crystals.

PLAGIOCEPHALIC
Pla`gi*o*ce*phal"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having an oblique lateral deformity of the skull.

PLAGIOCEPHALY
Pla`gi*o*ceph"a*ly, n. (Anat.)

Defn: Oblique lateral deformity of the skull.

PLAGIOCLASE
Pla"gi*o*clase, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A general term used of any triclinic feldspar. See the Note
under Feldspar.

PLAGIONITE
Pla"gi*o*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A sulphide of lead and antimony, of a blackish lead-gray color
and metallic luster.

PLAGIOSTOMATOUS
Pla`gi*o*stom"a*tous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Plagiostomous.

PLAGIOSTOME
Pla"gi*o*stome, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Plagiostomi.

PLAGIOSTOMI
Pla`gi*os"to*mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes including the sharks and rays; -- called
also Plagiostomata.

PLAGIOSTOMOUS
Pla`gi*os"to*mous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Plagiostomi.

PLAGIOTREMATA
Pla`gi*o*trem"a*ta, n. pl.; Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Lepidosauria.

PLAGIOTROPIC
Pla`gi*o*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the longer axis inclined away from the vertical line.

PLAGIUM
Pla"gi*um, n. Etym: [L.] (Civil Law)

Defn: Manstealing; kidnaping.

PLAGOSE
Pla*gose", a. Etym: [L. plagosus. See Plague.]

Defn: Fond of flogging; as, a plagose master. [R.]

PLAGUE
Plague, n. Etym: [L. plaga a blow, stroke, plague; akin to Gr.
plangere to strike, beat. Cf. Plaint.]

1. That which smites, wounds, or troubles; a blow; a calamity; any
afflictive evil or torment; a great trail or vexation. Shak.
And men blasphemed God for the plague of hail. Wyclif.
The different plague of each calamity. Shak.

2. (Med.)

Defn: An acute malignant contagious fever, that often prevails in
Egypt, Syria, and Turkey, and has at times visited the large cities
of Europe with frightful mortality; hence, any pestilence; as, the
great London plague. "A plague upon the people fell." Tennyson.
Cattle plague. See Rinderpest.
 -- Plague mark, Plague spot, a spot or mark of the plague; hence, a
token of something incurable.

PLAGUE
Plague, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plagued; p. pr. & vb. n. Plaguing.]

1. To infest or afflict with disease, calamity, or natural evil of
any kind.
Thus were they plagued And worn with famine. Milton.

2. Fig.: To vex; to tease; to harass.
She will plague the man that loves her most. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- To vex; torment; distress; afflict; harass; annoy; tease;
tantalize; trouble; molest; embarrass; perplex.

PLAGUEFUL
Plague"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding, or infecting, with plagues; pestilential; as,
plagueful exhalations.

PLAGUELESS
Plague"less, a.

Defn: Free from plagues or the plague.

PLAGUER
Pla"guer, n.

Defn: One who plagues or annoys.

PLAGUILY
Pla"gui*ly, adv.

Defn: In a plaguing manner; vexatiously; extremely. [Colloq.]
"Ronsard is so plaguily stiff and stately." Landor.

PLAGUY
Pla"guy, a.

Defn: Vexatious; troublesome; tormenting; as, a plaguy horse.
[Colloq.] Also used adverbially; as, "He is so plaguy proud." Shak.

PLAICE
Plaice, n. Etym: [F. plaise, plais, prob. fr. L. platessa flatish,
plaice. See Place.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A European food fish (Pleuronectes platessa), allied to the
flounder, and growing to the weight of eight or ten pounds or more.
(b) A large American flounder (Paralichthys dentatus; called also
brail, puckermouth, and summer flounder. The name is sometimes
applied to other allied species. [Written also plaise.] Plaice mouth,
a mouth like that of a plaice; a small or wry mouth. [R.] B. Jonson.

PLAID
Plaid, n. Etym: [Gael. plaide a blanket or plaid, contr. fr. peallaid
a sheepskin, fr. peall a skin or hide. CF. Pillion.]

1. A rectangular garment or piece of cloth, usually made of the
checkered material called tartan, but sometimes of plain gray, or
gray with black stripes. It is worn by both sexes in Scotland.

2. Goods of any quality or material of the pattern of a plaid or
tartan; a checkered cloth or pattern.

PLAID
Plaid, a.

Defn: Having a pattern or colors which resemble a Scotch plaid;
checkered or marked with bars or stripes at right angles to one
another; as, plaid muslin.

PLAIDED
Plaid"ed, a.

1. Of the material of which plaids are made; tartan. "In plaided
vest." Wordsworth.

2. Wearing a plaid. Campbell.

PLAIDING
Plaid"ing, n.

Defn: Plaid cloth.

PLAIN
Plain, v. i. Etym: [OE. playne, pleyne, fr. F. plaindre. See Plaint.]

Defn: To lament; to bewail; to complain. [Archaic & Poetic] Milton.
We with piteous heart unto you pleyne. Chaucer.

PLAIN
Plain, v. t.

Defn: To lament; to mourn over; as, to plain a loss. [Archaic &
Poetic] Sir J. Harrington.

PLAIN
Plain, a. [Compar. Plainer; superl. Plainest.] Etym: [F., level,
flat, fr. L. planus, perhaps akin to E. floor. Cf. Llano, Piano,
Plan, Plane level, a level surface.]

1. Without elevations or depressions; flat; level; smooth; even. See
Plane.
The crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain. Isa.
xl. 4.

2. Open; clear; unencumbered; equal; fair.
Our troops beat an army in plain fight. Felton.

3. Not intricate or difficult; evident; manifest; obvious; clear;
unmistakable. "'T is a plain case." Shak.

4.
(a) Void of extraneous beauty or ornament; without conspicious
embellishment; not rich; simple.
(b) Not highly cultivated; unsophisticated; free from show or
pretension; simple; natural; homely; common. "Plain yet pious
Christians." Hammond. "The plain people." A. Lincoln.
(c) Free from affectation or disguise; candid; sincere; artless;
honest; frank. "An honest mind, and plain." Shak.
(d) Not luxurious; not highly seasoned; simple; as, plain food.
(e) Without beauty; not handsome; homely; as, a plain woman.
(f) Not variegated, dyed, or figured; as, plain muslin.
(g) Not much varied by modulations; as, a plain tune. Plain battle,
open battle; pitched battle. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- Plain chant (Mus.) Same as Plain song, below.
 -- Plain chart (Naut.), a chart laid down on Mercator's projection.
 -- Plain dealer. (a) One who practices plain dealing. (b) A
simpleton. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- Plain dealing. See under Dealing.
 -- Plain molding (Join.), molding of which the surfaces are plain
figures.
 -- Plain sewing, sewing of seams by simple and common stitches, in
distinct from fancy work, embroidery, etc.; -- distinguished also
from designing and fitting garments.
 -- Plain song. (a) The Gregorian chant, or canto fermo; the
prescribed melody of the Roman Catholic service, sung in unison, in
tones of equal length, and rarely extending beyond the compass of an
octave. (b) A simple melody.
 -- Plain speaking, plainness or bluntness of speech.

Syn.
 -- Level; flat; smooth; open; artless; unaffected; undisguised;
frank; sincere; honest; candid; ingenuous; unembellished; downright;
blunt; clear; simple; distinct; manifest; obvious; apparent. See
Manifest.

PLAIN
Plain, adv.

Defn: In a plain manner; plainly. "To speak short and pleyn."
Chaucer. "To tell you plain." Shak.

PLAIN
Plain, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. plaigne, F. plaine. See Plain, a.]

1. Level land; usually, an open field or a broad stretch of land with
an even surface, or a surface little varied by inequalities; as, the
plain of Jordan; the American plains, or prairies.
Descending fro the mountain into playn. Chaucer.
Him the Ammonite Worshiped in Rabba and her watery plain. Milton.

2. A field of battle. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.
Lead forth my soldiers to the plain. Shak.

PLAIN
Plain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plained (; p. pr. & vb. n. Plaining.]
Etym: [Cf. Plane, v.]

1. To plane or level; to make plain or even on the surface. [R.]
We would rake Europe rather, plain the East. Wither.

2. To make plain or manifest; to explain.
What's dumb in show, I'll plain in speech. Shak.

PLAINANT
Plain"ant, n. Etym: [See 1st Plain.] (Law)

Defn: One who makes complaint; the plaintiff. [Obs.]

PLAIN-DEALING
Plain"-deal`ing, a.

Defn: Practicing plain dealing; artless. See Plain dealing, under
Dealing. Shak.

PLAIN-HEARTED
Plain"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Frank; sincere; artless. Milton.
 -- Plain"-heart`ed*ness, n.

PLAINING
Plain"ing, n.

Defn: Complaint. [Poetic] Shak.

PLAINING
Plain"ing, a.

Defn: Complaining. [Poetic] Bryant.

PLAIN-LAID
Plain"-laid`, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Consisting of strands twisted together in the ordinary way; as,
a plain-laid rope. See Illust. of Cordage.

PLAINLY
Plain"ly, adv.

Defn: In a plain manner; clearly.

PLAINNESS
Plain"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being plain.

PLAINSMAN
Plains"man, n.; pl. -men (.

Defn: One who lives in the plains.

PLAIN-SPOKEN
Plain"-spo`ken, a.

Defn: Speaking with plain, unreserved sincerity; also, spoken
sincerely; as, plain-spoken words. Dryden.

PLAINT
Plaint, n. Etym: [OE. plainte, pleynte, F. plainte, fr. L. plangere,
planctum (plancta, fem. p.p.), to beat, beat the breast, lament. Cf.
Complain, Plague, Plangent.]

1. Audible expression of sorrow; lamentation; complaint; hence, a
mournful song; a lament. Chaucer."The Psalmist's mournful plaint."
Wordsworth.

2. An accusation or protest on account of an injury.
There are three just grounds of war with Spain: one of plaint, two
upon defense. Bacon.

3. (Law)

Defn: A private memorial tendered to a court, in which a person sets
forth his cause of action; the exhibiting of an action in writing.
Blackstone.

PLAINTFUL
Plaint"ful, a.

Defn: Containing a plaint; complaining; expressing sorrow with an
audible voice. "My plaintful tongue." Sir P. Sidney.

PLAINTIFF
Plain"tiff, n. Etym: [F. plaintif making complaint, plaintive; in Old
French equiv. to plaignant complainant, prosecutor, fr. plaindre. See
Plaint, and cf. Plaintive.] (Law)

Defn: One who commences a personal action or suit to obtain a remedy
for an injury to his rights; -- opposed to Ant: defendant.

PLAINTIFF
Plain"tiff, a.

Defn: See Plaintive. [Obs.] Prior.

PLAINTIVE
Plain"tive, a. Etym: [F. plaintif. See Plaintiff, n.]

1. Repining; complaining; lamenting. Dryden.

2. Expressive of sorrow or melancholy; mournful; sad. "The most
plaintive ditty." Landor.
 -- Plain"tive*ly, adv.
 -- Plain"tive*ness, n.

PLAINTLESS
Plaint"less, a.

Defn: Without complaint; unrepining. "Plaintless patience." Savage.

PLAISANCE
Plai`sance", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Pleasance.

PLAISE
Plaise, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Plaice. [Obs.]

PLAISTER
Plais"ter, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Plaster.

PLAIT
Plait, n. Etym: [OE. playte, OF. pleit, L. plicatum, plicitum, p.p.
of plicare to fold, akin to plectere to plait. See Ply, and cf. Plat
to weave, Pleat, Plight fold.]

1. A flat fold; a doubling, as of cloth; a pleat; as, a box plait.
The plaits and foldings of the drapery. Addison.

2. A braid, as of hair or straw; a plat. Polish plait. (Med.) Same as
Plica.

PLAIT
Plait, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plaited; p. pr. & vb. n. Plaiting.]

1. To fold; to double in narrow folds; to pleat; as, to plait a
ruffle.

2. To interweave the strands or locks of; to braid; to plat; as, to
plait hair; to plait rope.

PLAITED
Plait"ed, a.

Defn: Folded; doubled over; braided; figuratively, involved;
intricate; artful.
Time shall unfold what plaited cunning hides. Shak.

PLAITER
Plait"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, plaits.

PLAN
Plan, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. planus flat, level. See Plain, a.]

1. A draught or form; properly, a representation drawn on a plane, as
a map or a chart; especially, a top view, as of a machine, or the
representation or delineation of a horizontal section of anything, as
of a building; a graphic representation; a diagram.

2. A scheme devised; a method of action or procedure expressed or
described in language; a project; as, the plan of a constitution; the
plan of an expedition.
God's plans like lines pure and white unfold. M. R. Smith.

3. A method; a way of procedure; a custom.
The simple plan, That they should take who have the power, And they
should keep who can. Wordsworth.
Body plan, Floor plan, etc. See under Body, Floor, etc.

Syn.
 -- Scheme; draught; delineation; plot; sketch; project; design;
contrivance; device. See Scheme.

PLAN
Plan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planned; p. pr. & vb. n. Planning.]

1. To form a delineation of; to draught; to represent, as by a
diagram.

2. To scheme; to devise; to contrive; to form in design; as, to plan
the conquest of a country.
Even in penance, planning sins anew. Goldsmith.

PLANARIA
Pla*na"ri*a, n.; pl. L. Planariæ, E. -rias. Etym: [NL. See Planary.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of turbellarian worms belonging to Planaria, and
many allied genera. The body is usually flat, thin, and smooth. Some
species, in warm countries, are terrestrial.

PLANARIAN
Pla*na"ri*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Planarida, or Dendrocoela; any turbellarian worm.
 -- Pla*na"ri*an, a.

PLANARIDA
Pla*nar"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Turbellaria; the Dendrocoela.

PLANARIOID
Pla*na"ri*oid, a. Etym: [Planaria + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like the planarians.

PLANARY
Pla"na*ry, a. Etym: [L. planarius level. See Plane, a.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a plane. [R.]

PLANCH
Planch, n. Etym: [F. planche.]

Defn: A plank. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

PLANCH
Planch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planched; p. pr. & vb. n. Planching.]
Etym: [F. planche a board, plank. See Plank.]

Defn: To make or cover with planks or boards; to plank. [Obs.] "To
that vineyard is a planched gate." Shak.

PLANCHER
Planch"er, n. Etym: [F., planche. See Planch.]

1. A floor of wood; also, a plank. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: The under side of a cornice; a soffit.

PLANCHER
Planch"er, v. t.

Defn: To form of planks. [Obs.] Golding.

PLANCHET
Planch"et, n. Etym: [F. planchette a small board, dim. of planche.
See Planch.]

Defn: A flat piece of metal; especially, a disk of metal ready to be
stamped as a coin.

PLANCHETTE
Plan`chette", n. Etym: [F. See Planchet.]

1. A circumferentor. See Circumferentor.

2. A small tablet of wood supported on casters and having a pencil
attached. The characters produced by the pencil on paper, while the
hand rests on the instrument and it is allowed to move, are sometimes
translated as of oracular or supernatural import.

PLANCHING
Planch"ing, n.

Defn: The laying of floors in a building; also, a floor of boards or
planks.

PLANE
Plane, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. platanus, Gr. Place, and cf. Platane,
Plantain the tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any tree of the genus Platanus.

Note: The Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis) is a native of Asia.
It rises with a straight, smooth, branching stem to a great height,
with palmated leaves, and long pendulous peduncles, sustaining
several heads of small close-sitting flowers. The seeds are downy,
and collected into round, rough, hard balls. The Occidental plane
(Platanus occidentalis), which grows to a great height, is a native
of North America, where it is popularly called sycamore, buttonwood,
and buttonball, names also applied to the California species
(Platanus racemosa).

PLANE
Plane, a. Etym: [L. planus: cf. F. plan. See Plan, a.]

Defn: Without elevations or depressions; even; level; flat; lying in,
or constituting, a plane; as, a plane surface.

Note: In science, this word (instead of plain) is almost exclusively
used to designate a flat or level surface. Plane angle, the angle
included between two straight lines in a plane.
 -- Plane chart, Plane curve. See under Chart and Curve.
 -- Plane figure, a figure all points of which lie in the same plane.
If bounded by straight lines it is a rectilinear plane figure, if by
curved lines it is a curvilinear plane figure.
 -- Plane geometry, that part of geometry which treats of the
relations and properties of plane figures.
 -- Plane problem, a problem which can be solved geometrically by the
aid of the right line and circle only.
 -- Plane sailing (Naut.), the method of computing a ship's place and
course on the supposition that the earth's surface is a plane.
 -- Plane scale (Naut.), a scale for the use of navigators, on which
are graduated chords, sines, tangents, secants, rhumbs, geographical
miles, etc.
 -- Plane surveying, surveying in which the curvature of the earth is
disregarded; ordinary field and topographical surveying of tracts of
moderate extent.
 -- Plane table, an instrument used for plotting the lines of a
survey on paper in the field.
 -- Plane trigonometry, the branch of trigonometry in which its
principles are applied to plane triangles.

PLANE
Plane, n. Etym: [F. plane, L. plana. See Plane, v. & a.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A surface, real or imaginary, in which, if any two points are
taken, the straight line which joins them lies wholly in that
surface; or a surface, any section of which by a like surface is a
straight line; a surface without curvature.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: An ideal surface, conceived as coinciding with, or containing,
some designated astronomical line, circle, or other curve; as, the
plane of an orbit; the plane of the ecliptic, or of the equator.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: A block or plate having a perfectly flat surface, used as a
standard of flatness; a surface plate.

4. (Joinery)

Defn: A tool for smoothing boards or other surfaces of wood, for
forming moldings, etc. It consists of a smooth-soled stock, usually
of wood, from the under side or face of which projects slightly the
steel cutting edge of a chisel, called the iron, which inclines
backward, with an apperture in front for the escape of shavings; as,
the jack plane; the smoothing plane; the molding plane, etc.
Objective plane (Surv.), the horizontal plane upon which the object
which is to be delineated, or whose place is to be determined, is
supposed to stand.
 -- Perspective plane. See Perspective.
 -- Plane at infinity (Geom.), a plane in which points infinitely
distant are conceived as situated.
 -- Plane iron, the cutting chisel of a joiner's plane.
 -- Plane of polarization. (Opt.) See Polarization.
 -- Plane of projection. (a) The plane on which the projection is
made, corresponding to the perspective plane in perspective; --
called also principal plane. (b) (Descriptive Geom.) One of the
planes to which points are referred for the purpose of determining
their relative position in space.
 -- Plane of refraction or reflection (Opt.), the plane in which lie
both the incident ray and the refracted or reflected ray.

PLANE
Plane, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planed; p. pr. & vb. n. Planing.] Etym:
[Cf. F. planer, L. planare, fr. planus. See Plane, a., Plain, a., and
cf. Planish.]

1. To make smooth; to level; to pare off the inequalities of the
surface of, as of a board or other piece of wood, by the use of a
plane; as, to plane a plank.

2. To efface or remove.
He planed away the names . . . written on his tables. Chaucer.

3. Figuratively, to make plain or smooth. [R.]
What student came but that you planed her path. Tennyson.

PLANE-PARALLEL
Plane`-par"al*lel, a. (Optics)

Defn: Having opposite surfaces exactly plane and parallel, as a piece
of glass.

PLANER
Plan"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, planes; a planing machine; esp., a machine
for planing wood or metals.

2. (Print.)

Defn: A wooden block used for forcing down the type in a form, and
making the surface even. Hansard. Planer centers. See under Center.

PLANER TREE
Plan"er tree`. Etym: [From J.S.Planer, a German botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small-leaved North American tree (Planera aquatica) related
to the elm, but having a wingless, nutlike fruit.

PLANET
Plan"et, n. Etym: [OE. planete, F. planète, L. planeta, fr. Gr.

1. (Astron.)

Defn: A celestial body which revolves about the sun in an orbit of a
moderate degree of eccentricity. It is distinguished from a comet by
the absence of a coma, and by having a less eccentric orbit. See
Solar system.

Note: The term planet was first used to distinguish those stars which
have an apparent motion through the constellations from the fixed
stars, which retain their relative places unchanged. The inferior
planets are Mercury and Venus, which are nearer to the sun than is
the earth; the superior planets are Mars, the asteroids, Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, which are farther from the sun than is
the earth. Primary planets are those which revolve about the sun;
secondary planets, or moons, are those which revolve around the
primary planets as satellites, and at the same time revolve with them
about the sun.

2. A star, as influencing the fate of a men.
There's some ill planet reigns. Shak.
Planet gear. (Mach.) See Epicyclic train, under Epicyclic.
 -- Planet wheel, a gear wheel which revolves around the wheel with
which it meshes, in an epicyclic train.

PLANE TABLE
Plane" ta`ble.

Defn: See under Plane, a.

PLANETARIUM
Plan`e*ta"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL.: cf. F. planétaire. See Planetary.]

Defn: An orrery. See Orrery.

PLANETARY
Plan"et*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. L. planetarius an astrologer, F.
planétaire planetary. See Planet.]

1. Of or pertaining to the planets; as, planetary inhabitants;
planetary motions; planetary year.

2. Consisting of planets; as, a planetary system.

3. (Astrol.)

Defn: Under the dominion or influence of a planet. "Skilled in the
planetary hours." Drayton.

4. Caused by planets. "A planetary plague." Shak.

5. Having the nature of a planet; erratic; revolving; wandering.
"Erratical and planetary life." Fuller. Planetary days, the days of
the week as shared among the planets known to the ancients, each
having its day. Hutton.
 -- Planetary nebula, a nebula exhibiting a uniform disk, like that
of a planet.

PLANETED
Plan"et*ed, a.

Defn: Belonging to planets. [R.] Young.

PLANETIC; PLANETICAL
Pla*net"ic, Pla*net"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. planeticus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to planets. Sir T. Browne.

PLANETOID
Plan"et*oid, n. Etym: [Planet + -oid.] (Astron.)

Defn: A body resembling a planet; an asteroid.

PLANETOIDAL
Plan"et*oid*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a planetoid.

PLANE TREE
Plane" tree`. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as 1st Plane.

PLANET-STRICKEN; PLANET-STRUCK
Plan"et-strick`en, Plan"et-struck`, a.

Defn: Affected by the influence of planets; blasted. Milton.
Like planet-stricken men of yore He trembles, smitten to the core By
strong compunction and remorse. Wordsworth.

PLANETULE
Plan"et*ule, n.

Defn: A little planet. [R.] Conybeare.

PLANGENCY
Plan"gen*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being plangent; a beating sound. [R.]

PLANGENT
Plan"gent, a. Etym: [L. plangens, -entis, fr. plangere to beat. See
Plaint.]

Defn: Beating; dashing, as a wave. [R.] "The plangent wave." H.
Taylor.

PLANI-; PLANO-
Plan"i-, Plan"o-. Etym: [L. planus. See Plane, a.]

Defn: Combining forms signifying flat, level, plane; as planifolious,
planimetry, plano-concave.

PLANIFOLIOUS
Plan`i*fo"li*ous, a. Etym: [Plani- + L. folium leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: Flat-leaved.

PLANIFORM
Plan"i*form, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Having a plane surface; as, a planiform, gliding, or arthrodial
articulation.

PLANIMETER
Pla*nim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Plani- + -meter. Cf. Planometer.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the area of any plane figure,
however irregular, by passing a tracer around the bounding line; a
platometer.

PLANIMETRIC; PLANIMETRICAL
Plan`i*met"ric, Plan`i*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. planimétrique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to planimetry.

PLANIMETRY
Pla*nim"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. planimétrie.]

Defn: The mensuration of plane surfaces; -- distinguished from
stereometry, or the mensuration of volumes.

PLANING
Plan"ing,

Defn: a. & vb. n. fr. Plane, v. t. Planing machine. (a) See Planer.
(b) A complex machine for planing wood, especially boards, containing
usually a rapidly revolving cutter, which chips off the surface in
small shavings as the piece to be planed is passed under it by
feeding apparatus.

PLANIPENNATE
Pla`ni*pen"nate, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Planipennia.

PLANIPENNIA
Pla`ni*pen"ni*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. planus plane + penna
wing.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Neuroptera, including those that have broad, flat
wings, as the ant-lion, lacewing, etc. Called also Planipennes.

PLANIPETALOUS
Plan`i*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Plani- + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having flat petals.

PLANISH
Plan"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planished; p. pr. & vb. n. Planishing.]
Etym: [OF. planir, F. planer. See Plane, v., and -ish.]

Defn: To make smooth or plane, as a metallic surface; to condense,
toughen, and polish by light blows with a hammer.

PLANISHER
Plan"ish*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, planishes. Weale.

PLANISHING
Plan"ish*ing,

Defn: a. & vb. n. from Planish, v. t. Planishing rolls (Coining),
rolls between which metal strips are passed while cold, to bring them
to exactly the required thickness.

PLANISPHERE
Plan"i*sphere, n. Etym: [Plani- + sphere: cf. F. planisphère. See
Plain, and Sphere.]

Defn: The representation of the circles of the sphere upon a plane;
especially, a representation of the celestial sphere upon a plane
with adjustable circles, or other appendages, for showing the
position of the heavens, the time of rising and setting of stars,
etc., for any given date or hour.

PLANISPHERIC
Plan`i*spher"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a planisphere.

PLANK
Plank, n. Etym: [OE. planke, OF. planque, planche, F. planche, fr. L.
planca; cf. Gr. Planch.]

1. A broad piece of sawed timber, differing from a board only in
being thicker. See Board.

2. Fig.: That which supports or upholds, as a board does a swimmer.
His charity is a better plank than the faith of an intolerant and
bitter-minded bigot. Southey.

3. One of the separate articles in a declaration of the principles of
a party or cause; as, a plank in the national platform. [Cant] Plank
road, or Plank way, a road surface formed of planks. [U.S.] -- To
walk the plank, to walk along a plank laid across the bulwark of a
ship, until one overbalances it and falls into the sea; -- a method
of disposing of captives practiced by pirates.

PLANK
Plank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planked; p. pr. & vb. n. Planking.]

1. To cover or lay with planks; as, to plank a floor or a ship.
"Planked with pine." Dryden.

2. To lay down, as on a plank or table; to stake or pay cash; as, to
plank money in a wager. [Colloq. U.S.]

3. To harden, as hat bodies, by felting.

4. (Wooden Manuf.)

Defn: To splice together the ends of slivers of wool, for subsequent
drawing. Planked shad, shad split open, fastened to a plank, and
roasted before a wood fire.

PLANKING
Plank"ing, n.

1. The act of laying planks; also, planks, collectively; a series of
planks in place, as the wooden covering of the frame of a vessel.

2. The act of splicing slivers. See Plank, v. t., 4.

PLANK-SHEER
Plank"-sheer`, n. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: The course of plank laid horizontally over the timberheads of a
vessel's frame.

PLANKTON
Plank"ton (plank"ton), n. [NL., fr. Gr. plagto`n, neut. of plagto`s
wandering, pla`zesqai to wander.] (Biol.)

Defn: All the animals and plants, taken collectively, which live at
or near the surface of salt or fresh waters. --Plank*ton"ic (#), a.

PLANLESS
Plan"less, a.

Defn: Having no plan.

PLANNER
Plan"ner, n.

Defn: One who plans; a projector.

PLANO-
Pla"no-.

Defn: See Plani-.

PLANOBLAST
Plan"o*blast, n. Etym: [Gr. -blast.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any free-swimming gonophore of a hydroid; a hydroid medusa.

PLANO-CONCAVE
Pla"no-con"cave, a. Etym: [Plano- + concave.]

Defn: Plane or flat on one side, and concave on the other; as, a
plano-concave lens. See Lens.

PLANO-CONICAL
Pla"no-con"ic*al, a. Etym: [Plano- + conical.]

Defn: Plane or flat on one side, and conical on the other. Grew.

PLANO-CONVEX
Pla"no-con"vex, a. Etym: [Plano- + convex.]

Defn: Plane or flat on one side, and convex on the other; as, a
plano-convex lens. See Convex, and Lens.

PLANOGAMETE
Plan"o*ga*mete`, n. [Gr.  wandering + E. gamete.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the motile ciliated gametes, or zoögametes, found in
isogamous plants, as many green algæ (Chlorophyceæ).

PLANO-HORIZONTAL
Pla"no-hor`i*zon"tal, a. Etym: [Plano- + horizontal.]

Defn: Having a level horizontal surface or position. Lee.

PLANOMETER
Pla*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Plano- + -meter. Cf. Planimeter.]

Defn: An instrument for gauging or testing a plane surface. See
Surface gauge, under Surface.

PLANOMETRY
Pla*nom"e*try, n. (Mech.)

Defn: The art or process of producing or gauging a plane surface.

PLANO-ORBICULAR
Pla"no-or*bic"u*lar, a. Etym: [Plano- + orbicular.]

Defn: Plane or flat on one side, and spherical on the other.

PLANORBIS
Pla*nor"bis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. planus flat + orbis a circle.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fresh-water air-breathing mollusk belonging to Planorbis
and other allied genera, having shells of a discoidal form.

PLANO-SUBULATE
Pla"no-su"bu*late, a. Etym: [Plano- + subulate.]

Defn: Smooth and awl-shaped. See Subulate.

PLANT
Plant, n. Etym: [AS. plante, L. planta.]

1. A vegetable; an organized living being, generally without feeling
and voluntary motion, and having, when complete, a root, stem, and
leaves, though consisting sometimes only of a single leafy expansion,
or a series of cellules, or even a single cellule.

Note: Plants are divided by their structure and methods of
reproduction into two series, phænogamous or flowering plants, which
have true flowers and seeds, and cryptogamous or flowerless plants,
which have no flowers, and reproduce by minute one-celled spores. In
both series are minute and simple forms and others of great size and
complexity. As to their mode of nutrition, plants may be considered
as self-supporting and dependent. Self-supporting plants always
contain chlorophyll, and subsist on air and moisture and the matter
dissolved in moisture, and as a general rule they excrete oxygen, and
use the carbonic acid to combine with water and form the material for
their tissues. Dependent plants comprise all fungi and many flowering
plants of a parasitic or saprophytic nature. As a rule, they have no
chlorophyll, and subsist mainly or wholly on matter already
organized, thus utilizing carbon compounds already existing, and not
excreting oxygen. But there are plants which are partly dependent and
partly self-supporting. The movements of climbing plants, of some
insectivorous plants, of leaves, stamens, or pistils in certain
plants, and the ciliary motion of zoöspores, etc., may be considered
a kind of voluntary motion.

2. A bush, or young tree; a sapling; hence, a stick or staff. "A
plant of stubborn oak." Dryden.

3. The sole of the foot. [R.] "Knotty legs and plants of clay." B.
Jonson.

4. (Com.)

Defn: The whole machinery and apparatus employed in carrying on a
trade or mechanical business; also, sometimes including real estate,
and whatever represents investment of capital in the means of
carrying on a business, but not including material worked upon or
finished products; as, the plant of a foundry, a mill, or a railroad.

5. A plan; an artifice; a swindle; a trick. [Slang]
It was n't a bad plant, that of mine, on Fikey. Dickens.

6. (Zoöl.)
(a) An oyster which has been bedded, in distinction from one of
natural growth.
(b) A young oyster suitable for transplanting. [Local, U.S.] Plant
bug (Zoöl.), any one of numerous hemipterous insects which injure the
foliage of plants, as Lygus lineolaris, which damages wheat and
trees.
 -- Plant cutter (Zoöl.), a South American passerine bird of the
genus Phytotoma, family Phytotomidæ. It has a serrated bill with
which it cuts off the young shoots and buds of plants, often doing
much injury.
 -- Plant louse (Zoöl.), any small hemipterous insect which infests
plants, especially those of the families Aphidæ and Psyllidæ; an
aphid.

PLANT
Plant, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planted; p. pr. & vb. n. Planting.] Etym:
[AS. plantian, L. plantare. See Plant, n.]

1. To put in the ground and cover, as seed for growth; as, to plant
maize.

2. To set in the ground for growth, as a young tree, or a vegetable
with roots.
Thou shalt not plant thee a grove of any trees. Deut. xvi. 21.

3. To furnish, or fit out, with plants; as, to plant a garden, an
orchard, or a forest.

4. To engender; to generate; to set the germ of.
It engenders choler, planteth anger. Shak.

5. To furnish with a fixed and organized population; to settle; to
establish; as, to plant a colony.
Planting of countries like planting of woods. Bacon.

6. To introduce and establish the principles or seeds of; as, to
plant Christianity among the heathen.

7. To set firmly; to fix; to set and direct, or point; as, to plant
cannon against a fort; to plant a standard in any place; to plant
one's feet on solid ground; to plant one's fist in another's face.

8. To set up; to install; to instate.
We will plant some other in the throne. Shak.

PLANT
Plant, v. i.

Defn: To perform the act of planting.
I have planted; Apollos watered. 1 Cor. iii. 6.

PLANTABLE
Plant"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being planted; fit to be planted. B. Edwards.

PLANTAGE
Plant"age, n.

Defn: A word used once by Shakespeare to designate plants in general,
or anything that is planted.
As true as steel, as plantage to the moon. Shak. (Troil. iii. sc. 2).

PLANTAIN
Plan"tain, n. Etym: [Cf. F. plantain-arbre, plantanier, Sp. plántano,
plátano; prob. same word as plane tree.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A treelike perennial herb (Musa paradisiaca) of tropical
regions, bearing immense leaves and large clusters of the fruits
called plantains. See Musa.

2. The fruit of this plant. It is long and somewhat cylindrical,
slightly curved, and, when ripe, soft, fleshy, and covered with a
thick but tender yellowish skin. The plantain is a staple article of
food in most tropical countries, especially when cooked. Plantain
cutter, or Plantain eater (Zoöl.), any one of several large African
birds of the genus Musophaga, or family Musophagidæ, especially
Musophaga violacea. See Turaco. They are allied to the cuckoos.
 -- Plantain squirrel (Zoöl.), a Java squirrel (Sciurus plantani)
which feeds upon plantains.
 -- Plantain tree (Bot.), the treelike herb Musa paradisiaca. See
def. 1 (above).

PLANTAIN
Plan"tain, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. plantago. Cf. Plant.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Plantago, but especially the P. major, a
low herb with broad spreading radical leaves, and slender spikes of
minute flowers. It is a native of Europe, but now found near the
abode of civilized man in nearly all parts of the world. Indian
plantain. (Bot.) See under Indian.
 -- Mud plantain, a homely North American aquatic plant (Heteranthera
reniformis), having broad, reniform leaves.
 -- Rattlesnake plantain, an orchidaceous plant (Goodyera pubescens),
with the leaves blotched and spotted with white.
 -- Ribwort plantain. See Ribwort.
 -- Robin's plantain, the Erigeron bellidifolium, a common daisylike
plant of North America.
 -- Water plantain, a plant of the genus Alisma, having acrid leaves,
and formerly regarded as a specific against hydrophobia. Loudon.

PLANTAL
Plant"al, a. Etym: [L. planta a plant.]

Defn: Belonging to plants; as, plantal life. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

PLANTAR
Plan"tar, a. Etym: [L. plantaris, fr. planta the sole of the foot.]
(Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sole of the foot; as, the plantar
arteries.

PLANTATION
Plan*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. plantatio: cf. F. plantation.]

1. The act or practice of planting, or setting in the earth for
growth. [R.]

2. The place planted; land brought under cultivation; a piece of
ground planted with trees or useful plants; esp., in the United
States and West Indies, a large estate appropriated to the production
of the more important crops, and cultivated by laborers who live on
the estate; as, a cotton plantation; a coffee plantation.

3. An original settlement in a new country; a colony.
While these plantations were forming in Connecticut. B. Trumbull.

PLANT-CANE
Plant"-cane`, n.

Defn: A stalk or shoot of sugar cane of the first growth from the
cutting. The growth of the second and following years is of inferior
quality, and is called rattoon.

PLANT-EATING
Plant"-eat`ing, a.

Defn: Eating, or subsisting on, plants; as, a plant-eating beetle.

PLANTED
Plant"ed, a. (Joinery)

Defn: Fixed in place, as a projecting member wrought on a separate
piece of stuff; as, a planted molding.

PLANTER
Plant"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, plants or sows; as, a planterof corn; a
machine planter.

2. One who owns or cultivates a plantation; as, a sugar planter; a
coffee planter.

3. A colonist in a new or uncultivated territory; as, the first
planters in Virginia.

PLANTERSHIP
Plant"er*ship, n.

Defn: The occupation or position of a planter, or the management of a
plantation, as in the United States or the West Indies.

PLANTICLE
Plant"i*cle, n. Etym: [Dim. of Plant.]

Defn: A young plant, or plant in embryo. E. Darwin.

PLANTIGRADA
Plan`ti*gra"da, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A subdivision of Carnivora having plantigrade feet. It includes
the bears, raccoons, and allied species.

PLANTIGRADE
Plan"ti*grade, a. Etym: [L. planta sole of the foot + gradi to walk:
cf. F. plantigrade.] (Zoöl.)
(a) Walking on the sole of the foot; pertaining to the plantigrades.
(b) Having the foot so formed that the heel touches the ground when
the leg is upright.

PLANTIGRADE
Plan"ti*grade, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A plantigrade animal, or one that walks or steps on the sole of
the foot, as man, and the bears.

PLANTING
Plant"ing, n.

1. The act or operation of setting in the ground for propagation, as
seeds, trees, shrubs, etc.; the forming of plantations, as of trees;
the carrying on of plantations, as of sugar, coffee, etc.

2. That which is planted; a plantation.
Trees of righteousness, the planting of the Lord. Isa. lxi. 3.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: The laying of the first courses of stone in a foundation.
[Eng.]

PLANTLESS
Plant"less, a.

Defn: Without plants; barren of vegetation.

PLANTLET
Plant"let, n.

Defn: A little plant.

PLANTOCRACY
Plan*toc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Planter + -cracy, as in democracy.]

Defn: Government by planters; planters, collectively. [R.]

PLANTULE
Plant"ule, n. Etym: [F., dim. of plante a plant, L. planta.] (Bot.)

Defn: The embryo which has begun its development in the act of
germination.

PLANULA
Plan"u*la, n.; pl. Planulæ. Etym: [L., a little plane.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: In embryonic development, a vesicle filled with fluid, formed
from the morula by the divergence of its cells in such a manner as to
give rise to a central space, around which the cells arrange
themselves as an envelope; an embryonic form intermediate between the
morula and gastrula. Sometimes used as synonymous with gastrula.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The very young, free-swimming larva of the coelenterates. It
usually has a flattened oval or oblong form, and is entirely covered
with cilia.

PLANXTY
Planx"ty, n. Etym: [Cf. L. plangere to mourn aloud.] (Mus.)

Defn: An Irish or Welsh melody for the harp, sometimes of a mournful
character.

PLAQUE
Plaque, n. Etym: [F. Cf. Plack, and see Placard.]

Defn: Any flat, thin piece of metal, clay, ivory, or the like, used
for ornament, or for painting pictures upon, as a slab, plate, dish,
or the like, hung upon a wall; also, a smaller decoration worn on the
person, as a brooch.

PLAQUETTE
Pla`quette", n. [F., dim. of plaque plate, plaque. See Plaque.]

Defn: A small plaque, esp., in modern medal engraving, a small and
delicate bas-relief, whether cast or struck from a die, or of form
other than circular.

PLASH
Plash, n. Etym: [OD. plasch. See Plash, v.]

1. A small pool of standing water; a puddle. Bacon. "These shallow
plashes." Barrow.

2. A dash of water; a splash.

PLASH
Plash, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Plashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Plashing.] Etym:
[Cf. D. plassen, G. platschen. Cf. Splash.]

Defn: To dabble in water; to splash. "Plashing among bedded pebbles."
Keats.
Far below him plashed the waters. Longfellow.

PLASH
Plash, v. t.

1. To splash, as water.

2. To splash or sprinkle with coloring matter; as, to plash a wall in
imitation of granite.

PLASH
Plash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plashed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Plashing.]
Etym: [OF. plaissier, plessier, to bend. Cf. Pleach.]

Defn: To cut partly, or to bend and intertwine the branches of; as,
to plash a hedge. Evelyn.

PLASH
Plash, n.

Defn: The branch of a tree partly cut or bent, and bound to, or
intertwined with, other branches.

PLASHET
Plash"et, n. Etym: [Plash + -et.]

Defn: A small pond or pool; a puddle.

PLASHING
Plash"ing, n.

1. The cutting or bending and intertwining the branches of small
trees, as in hedges.

2. The dashing or sprinkling of coloring matter on the walls of
buildings, to imitate granite, etc.

PLASHOOT
Plash"oot, n.

Defn: A hedge or fence formed of branches of trees interlaced, or
plashed. [Obs.] Carew.

PLASHY
Plash"y, a. Etym: [From 1st Plash.]

1. Watery; abounding with puddles; splashy. "Plashy fens." Milton.
"The plashy earth." Wordsworth.

2. Specked, as if plashed with color. Keats.

PLASM
Plasm, n. Etym: [L. plasma anything formed or molded, that which is
molded, Gr. plasme. Cf. Plasma.]

1. A mold or matrix in which anything is cast or formed to a
particular shape. [R.] Woodward.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Plasma.

PLASMA
Plas"ma, n. Etym: [See Plasm.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of quartz, of a color between grass green and leek
green, which is found associated with common chalcedony. It was much
esteemed by the ancients for making engraved ornaments.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The viscous material of an animal or vegetable cell, out of
which the various tissues are formed by a process of differentiation;
protoplasm.

3. Unorganized material; elementary matter.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A mixture of starch and glycerin, used as a substitute for
ointments. U. S. Disp. Blood plasma (Physiol.), the colorless fluid
of the blood, in which the red and white blood corpuscles are
suspended.
 -- Muscle plasma (Physiol.), the fundamental part of muscle fibers,
a thick, viscid, albuminous fluid contained within the sarcolemma,
which on the death of the muscle coagulates to a semisolid mass.

PLASMATIC; PLASMATICAL
Plas*mat"ic, Plas*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Forming; shaping; molding. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to plasma; having the character of plasma;
containing, or conveying, plasma.

PLASMATION
Plas*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. plasmatio.]

Defn: The act of forming or molding. [R.] Grafton.

PLASMATOR
Plas*ma"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A former; a fashioner. [R.] "The sovereign plasmator, God
Almighty." Urquhart.

PLASMATURE
Plas"ma*ture, n.

Defn: Form; mold. [R.]

PLASMIC
Plas"mic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or connected with, plasma; plasmatic.

Defn: A piece of DNA, usually circular, functioning as part of the
genetic material of a cell, not integrated with the chromosome and
replicating independently of the chromosome, but transferred, like
the chromosome, to subsequent generations. In bacteria, plasmids
often carry the genes for antibiotic resistance; they are exploited
in genetic engineering as the vehicles for introduction of extraneous
DNA into cells, to alter the genetic makeup of the cell. The cells
thus altered may produce desirable proteins which are extracted and
used; in the case of genetically altered plant cells, the altered
cells may grow into complete plants with changed properties, as for
example, increased resistance to disease. .

PLASMIN
Plas"min, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A proteid body, separated by some physiologists from blood
plasma. It is probably identical with fibrinogen.

PLASMODIAL
Plas*mo"di*al, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or like, a plasmodium; as, the plasmodial
form of a life cycle.

PLASMODIUM
Plas*mo"di*um, n.; pl. Plasmodia. Etym: [NL. See Plasma.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: A jellylike mass of free protoplasm, without any union of
amoeboid cells, and endowed with life and power of motion.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A naked mobile mass of protoplasm, formed by the union of
several amoebalike young, and constituting one of the stages in the
life cycle of Mycetozoa and other low organisms.

PLASMOGEN
Plas"mo*gen, n. Etym: [Plasma + -gen.] (Biol.)

Defn: The important living portion of protoplasm, considered a
chemical substance of the highest elaboration. Germ plasm and
idioplasm are forms of plasmogen.

PLASMON; PLASMON BUTTER
Plas"mon, n. [Cf. Plasma.]

Defn: A flourlike food preparation made from skim milk, and
consisting essentially of the unaltered proteid of milk. It is also
used in making biscuits and crackers, for mixing with cocoa, etc. A
mixture of this with butter, water, and salt is called Plasmon
butter, and resembles clotted cream in appearance.

PLASSON
Plas"son, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The albuminous material composing the body of a cytode.

Note: It is considered simpler than protoplasm of an ordinary cell in
that it has not undergone differentiation into the inner cell nucleus
and the outer cell substance. Haeckel.

PLASTER
Plas"ter, n. Etym: [AS., a plaster (in sense 1), fr. L. emplastrum,
Gr. plastre a plaster (in sense 2), F. plâtre. Cf. Plastic,
Emplaster, Piaster.] [Formerly written also plaister.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: An external application of a consistency harder than ointment,
prepared for use by spreading it on linen, leather, silk, or other
material. It is adhesive at the ordinary temperature of the body, and
is used, according to its composition, to produce a medicinal effect,
to bind parts together, etc.; as, a porous plaster; sticking plaster.

2. A composition of lime, water, and sand, with or without hair as a
bond, for coating walls, ceilings, and partitions of houses. See
Mortar.

3. Calcined gypsum, or plaster of Paris, especially when ground, as
used for making ornaments, figures, moldings, etc.; or calcined
gypsum used as a fertilizer. Plaster cast, a copy of an object
obtained by pouring plaster of Paris mixed with water into a mold.
 -- Plaster of Paris. Etym: [So called because originally brought
from a suburb of Paris.] (Chem.) Anhydrous calcium sulphate, or
calcined gypsum, which forms with water a paste which soon sets or
hardens, and is used for casts, moldings, etc. The term is loosely
applied to any plaster stone or species of gypsum.
 -- Plaster of Paris bandage (Surg.), a bandage saturated with a
paste of plaster of Paris, which on drying forms a perfectly fitting
splint.
 -- Plaster stone, any species of gypsum. See Gypsum.

PLASTER
Plas"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plastered; p. pr. & vb. n. Plastering.]
Etym: [Cf. OF. plastrer to plaster (in sense 2), F. plâtrer.]

1. To cover with a plaster, as a wound or sore.

2. To overlay or cover with plaster, as the ceilings and walls of a
house.

3. Fig.: To smooth over; to cover or conceal the defects of; to hide,
as with a covering of plaster. Bale.

PLASTERER
Plas"ter*er, n.

1. One who applies plaster or mortar. "Thy father was a plasterer."
Shak.

2. One who makes plaster casts. "The plasterer doth make his figures
by addition." Sir H. Wotton.

PLASTERING
Plas"ter*ing, n.

1. Same as Plaster, n., 2.

2. The act or process of overlaying with plaster.

3. A covering of plaster; plasterwork.

PLASTERLY
Plas"ter*ly, a.

Defn: Resembling plaster of Paris. [R.] "Out of gypseous or plasterly
ground." Fuller.

PLASTERWORK
Plas"ter*work`, n.

Defn: Plastering used to finish architectural constructions, exterior
or interior, especially that used for the lining of rooms. Ordinarly,
mortar is used for the greater part of the work, and pure plaster of
Paris for the moldings and ornaments.

PLASTERY
Plas"ter*y, a.

Defn: Of the nature of plaster.
The stone . . . is a poor plastery material. Clough.

-PLASTIC
-plas"tic. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form signifying developing, forming, growing; as,
heteroplastic, monoplastic, polyplastic.

PLASTIC
Plas"tic, a. Etym: [L. plasticus, Gr. plastique.]

1. Having the power to give form or fashion to a mass of matter; as,
the plastic hand of the Creator. Prior.
See plastic Nature working to his end. Pope.

2. Capable of being molded, formed, or modeled, as clay or plaster; -
- used also figuratively; as, the plastic mind of a child.

3. Pertaining or appropriate to, or characteristic of, molding or
modeling; produced by, or appearing as if produced by, molding or
modeling; -- said of sculpture and the kindred arts, in distinction
from painting and the graphic arts.
Medallions . . . fraught with the plastic beauty and grace of the
palmy days of Italian art. J. S. Harford.
Plastic clay (Geol.), one of the beds of the Eocene period; -- so
called because used in making pottery. Lyell.
 -- Plastic element (Physiol.), one that bears within the germs of a
higher form.
 -- Plastic exudation (Med.), an exudation thrown out upon a wounded
surface and constituting the material of repair by which the process
of healing is effected.
 -- Plastic foods. (Physiol.) See the second Note under Food.
 -- Plastic force. (Physiol.) See under Force.
 -- Plastic operation, an operation in plastic surgery.
 -- Plastic surgery, that branch of surgery which is concerned with
the repair or restoration of lost, injured, or deformed parts of the
body.

Defn: a substance composed predominantly of a synthetic organic high
polymer capable of being cast or molded; many varieties of plastic
are used to produce articles of commerce (after 1900). [MW10 gives
origin of word as 1905]

PLASTICAL
Plas"tic*al, a.

Defn: See Plastic. [R.]

PLASTICALLY
Plas"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a plastic manner.

PLASTICITY
Plas*tic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. plasticité.]

1. The quality or state of being plastic.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Plastic force. Dunglison.

PLASTID; PLASTIDE
Plas"tid, Plas"tide, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Biol.)

Defn: A formative particle of albuminous matter; a monad; a cytode.
See the Note under Morphon. Haeckel.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the many minute granules found in the protoplasm of
vegetable cells. They are divided by their colors into three classes,
chloroplastids, chromoplastids, and leucoplastids.

PLASTIDOZOA
Plas`ti*do*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Protoza.

PLASTIDULE
Plas"ti*dule, n. Etym: [Dim. fr. Plastid.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of the small particles or organic molecules of protoplasm.
Haeckel.

PLASTIN
Plas"tin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A substance associated with nuclein in cell nuclei, and by some
considered as the fundamental substance of the nucleus.

PLASTOGRAPHY
Plas*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. The art of forming figures in any plastic material.

2. Imitation of handwriting; forgery.

PLASTRON
Plas"tron, n. Etym: [F. plastron breastplate, plastron, LL. plastra a
thin plate of metal. See Plaster.]

1. A piece of leather stuffed or padded, worn by fencers to protect
the breast. Dryden.

3. (Anc. Armor)

Defn: An iron breastplate, worn under the hauberk.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The ventral shield or shell of tortoises and turtles. See
Testudinata.

4. A trimming for the front of a woman's dress, made of a different
material, and narrowing from the shoulders to the waist.

-PLASTY
-plas"ty. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form denoting the act or process of forming,
development, growth; as, autoplasty, perineoplasty.

PLAT
Plat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Platted; p. pr. & vb. n. Platting.] Etym:
[See Plait.]

Defn: To form by interlaying interweaving; to braid; to plait. "They
had platted a crown of thorns." Matt. xxvii. 29.

PLAT
Plat, n.

Defn: Work done by platting or braiding; a plait.
Her hair, nor loose, nor tied in formal plat. Shak.

PLAT
Plat, n. Etym: [Cf. Plat flat, which perh. caused this spelling, and
Plot a piece of ground.]

Defn: A small piece or plot of ground laid out with some design, or
for a special use; usually, a portion of flat, even ground.
This flowery plat, the sweet recess of Eve. Milton.
I keep smooth plat of fruitful ground. Tennyson.

PLAT
Plat, v. t.

Defn: To lay out in plats or plots, as ground.

PLAT
Plat, a. Etym: [F. plat. See Plate, n.]

Defn: Plain; flat; level. [Obs.] Gower.

PLAT
Plat, adv.

1. Plainly; flatly; downright. [Obs.]
But, sir, ye lie, I tell you plat. Rom. of R.

2. Flatly; smoothly; evenly. [Obs.] Drant.

PLAT
Plat, n.

1. The flat or broad side of a sword. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer.

2. A plot; a plan; a design; a diagram; a map; a chart. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.] "To note all the islands, and to set them down in plat."
Hakluyt.

PLATAN
Plat"an, n. Etym: [L. platanus. See Plane the tree.] [Written also
platane.]

Defn: The plane tree. Tennyson.

PLATANIST
Plat"a*nist, n. Etym: [L. platanista a sort of fish, Gr. plataniste.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The soosoo.

PLATANUS
Plat"a*nus, n. Etym: [See Plane the tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees; the plane tree.

PLATBAND
Plat"band`, n. Etym: [F. plate-bande; plat, plate, flat, level +
bande a band.]

1. A border of flowers in a garden, along a wall or a parterre;
hence, a border.

2. (Arch.)
(a) A flat molding, or group of moldings, the width of which much
exceeds its projection, as the face of an architrave.
(b) A list or fillet between the flutings of a column.

PLATE
Plate, n. Etym: [OF. plate a plate of metal, a cuirsas, F. plat a
plate, a shallow vessel of silver, other metal, or earth, fr. plat
flat, Gr. Place, n.]

1. A flat, or nearly flat, piece of metal, the thickness of which is
small in comparison with the other dimensions; a thick sheet of
metal; as, a steel plate.

2. Metallic armor composed of broad pieces.
Mangled . . . through plate and mail. Milton.

3. Domestic vessels and utensils, as flagons, dishes, cups, etc.,
wrought in gold or silver.

4. Metallic ware which is plated, in distinction from that which is
genuine silver or gold.

5. A small, shallow, and usually circular, vessel of metal or wood,
or of earth glazed and baked, from which food is eaten at table.

6. Etym: [Cf. Sp. plata silver.]

Defn: A piece of money, usually silver money. [Obs.] "Realms and
islands were as plates dropp'd from his pocket." Shak.

7. A piece of metal on which anything is engraved for the purpose of
being printed; hence, an impression from the engraved metal; as, a
book illustrated with plates; a fashion plate.

8. A page of stereotype, electrotype, or the like, for printing from;
as, publisher's plates.

9. That part of an artificial set of teeth which fits to the mouth,
and holds the teeth in place. It may be of gold, platinum, silver,
rubber, celluloid, etc.

10. (Arch.)

Defn: A horizontal timber laid upon a wall, or upon corbels
projecting from a wall, and supporting the ends of other timbers;
also used specifically of the roof plate which supports the ends of
the roof trusses or, in simple work, the feet of the rafters.

11. (Her.)

Defn: A roundel of silver or tinctured argent.

12. (Photog.)

Defn: A sheet of glass, porcelain, metal, etc., with a coating that
is sensitive to light.

13. A prize giving to the winner in a contest.

Note: Plate is sometimes used in an adjectival sense or in
combination, the phrase or compound being in most cases of obvious
signification; as, plate basket or plate-basket, plate rack or plate-
rack. Home plate. (Baseball) See Home base, under Home.
 -- Plate armor. (a) See Plate, n., 2. (b) Strong metal plates for
protecting war vessels, fortifications, and the like.
 -- Plate bone, the shoulder blade, or scapula.
 -- Plate girder, a girder, the web of which is formed of a single
vertical plate, or of a series of such plates riveted together.
 -- Plate glass. See under Glass.
 -- Plate iron, wrought iron plates.
 -- Plate layer, a workman who lays down the rails of a railway and
fixes them to the sleepers or ties.
 -- Plate mark, a special mark or emblematic figure stamped upon gold
or silver plate, to indicate the place of manufacture, the degree of
purity, and the like; thus, the local mark for London is a lion.
 -- Plate paper, a heavy spongy paper, for printing from engraved
plates. Fairholt.
 -- Plate press, a press with a flat carriage and a roller, -- used
for printing from engraved steel or copper plates.
 -- Plate printer, one who prints from engraved plates.
 -- Plate printing, the act or process of printing from an engraved
plate or plates.
 -- Plate tracery. (Arch.) See under Tracery.
 -- Plate wheel (Mech.), a wheel, the rim and hub of which are
connected by a continuous plate of metal, instead of by arms or
spokes.

PLATE
Plate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plated; p. pr. & vb. n. Plating.]

1. To cover or overlay with gold, silver, or other metals, either by
a mechanical process, as hammering, or by a chemical process, as
electrotyping.

2. To cover or overlay with plates of metal; to arm with metal for
defense.
Thus plated in habiliments of war. Shak.

3. To adorn with plated metal; as, a plated harness.

4. To beat into thin, flat pieces, or laminæ.

5. To calender; as, to plate paper.

PLATEAU
Pla*teau", n.; pl. F. Plateaux (F. , E. Plateaus. Etym: [F., fr. OF.
platel, properly a little plate. See Plate.]

1. A flat surface; especially, a broad, level, elevated area of land;
a table-land.

2. An ornamental dish for the table; a tray or salver.

PLATEFUL
Plate"ful, n.; pl. Platefuls (.

Defn: Enough to fill a plate; as much as a plate will hold.

PLATE-GILLED
Plate"-gilled`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having flat, or leaflike, gills, as the bivalve mollusks.

PLATEL
Pla"tel, n. Etym: [OF. See Plateau.]

Defn: A small dish.

PLATEN
Plat"en, n. Etym: [F. platine, fr. plat flat. See Plate, and cf.
Platin.] (Mach.)
(a) The part of a printing press which presses the paper against the
type and by which the impression is made.
(b) Hence, an analogous part of a typewriter, on which the paper
rests to receive an impression.
(c) The movable table of a machine tool, as a planer, on which the
work is fastened, and presented to the action of the tool; -- also
called table.

PLATER
Plat"er, n.

Defn: One who plates or coats articles with gold or silver; as, a
silver plater.

2. A machine for calendering paper.

PLATERESQUE
Plat`er*esque", a. Etym: [Sp. resco, from plata silver.] (Arch.)

Defn: Resembling silver plate; -- said of certain architectural
ornaments.

PLATETROPE
Plat"e*trope, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: One of a pair of a paired organs.

PLATFORM
Plat"form`, n. Etym: [Plat, a. + -form: cf. F. plateforme.]

1. A plat; a plan; a sketch; a model; a pattern. Used also
figuratively. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. A place laid out after a model. [Obs.]
lf the platform just reflects the order. Pope.

3. Any flat or horizontal surface; especially, one that is raised
above some particular level, as a framework of timber or boards
horizontally joined so as to form a roof, or a raised floor, or
portion of a floor; a landing; a dais; a stage, for speakers,
performers, or workmen; a standing place.

4. A declaration of the principles upon which a person, a sect, or a
party proposes to stand; a declared policy or system; as, the
Saybrook platform; a political platform. "The platform of Geneva."
Hooker.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: A light deck, usually placed in a section of the hold or over
the floor of the magazine. See Orlop. Platform car, a railway car
without permanent raised sides or covering; a f -- Platform scale, a
weighing machine, with a flat platform on which objects are weighed.

PLATFORM
Plat"form`, v. t.

1. To place on a platform. [R.]

2. To form a plan of; to model; to lay out. [Obs.]
Church discipline is platformed in the Bible. Milton.

PLATHELMINTH
Plat*hel"minth, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Platyelminthes.

PLATHELMINTHES
Plat`hel*min"thes, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Platyelminthes.

PLATIN
Plat"in, n. (Mach.)

Defn: See Platen.

PLATINA
Plat"i*na, n. Etym: [Sp. or NL. See Platinum.] (Chem.)

Defn: Platinum. Platina mohr, platinum black.
 -- Platina yellow, a pigment prepared from platinum.

PLATING
Plat"ing, n.

1. The art or process of covering anything with a plate or plates, or
with metal, particularly of overlaying a base or dull metal with a
thin plate of precious or bright metal, as by mechanical means or by
electro-magnetic deposition.

2. A thin coating of metal laid upon another metal.

3. A coating or defensive armor of metal (usually steel) plates.

PLATINIC
Pla*tin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, platinum; -- used
specifically to designate those compounds in which the element has a
higher valence, as contrasted with the platinous compounds; as,
platinic chloride (PtCl4).

PLATINICHLORIC
Plat`i*ni*chlo"ric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid consisting of
platinic chloride and hydrochloric acid, and obtained as a brownish
red crystalline substance, called platinichloric, or chloroplatinic,
acid.

PLATINIFEROUS
Plat`i*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Platinum + -ferous.]

Defn: Yielding platinum; as, platiniferous sand.

PLATINIRIDIUM
Plat`i*ni*rid"i*um, n. (Chem. & Min.)

Defn: A natural alloy of platinum and iridium occurring in grayish
metallic rounded or cubical grains with platinum.

PLATINIZE
Plat"i*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Platinized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Platinizing.]

Defn: To cover or combine with platinum.

PLATINOCHLORIC
Plat`i*no*chlo"ric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid consisting
of platinous chloride and hydrochloric acid, called platinochloric,
or chloroplatinous, acid.

PLATINOCHLORIDE
Plat`i*no*chlo"ride, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A double chloride of platinum and some other metal or radical;
a salt of platinochloric acid.

PLATINOCYANIC
Plat`i*no*cy*an"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid compound
of platinous cyanide and hydrocyanic acid. It is obtained as a
cinnaber-red crystalline substance.

PLATINOCYANIDE
Plat`i*no*cy"a*nide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A double cyanide of platinum and some other metal or radical; a
salt of platinocyanic acid.

PLATINODE
Plat"i*node, n. Etym: [Platinum + Gr. (Physics)

Defn: A cathode. [R.]

PLATINOID
Plat"i*noid, a. Etym: [Platinum + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling platinum.

PLATINOID
Plat"i*noid, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alloy of German silver containing tungsten; -- used for
forming electrical resistance coils and standards.

PLATINOTYPE
Plat"i*no*type, n. Etym: [Platinum + -type.] (Photog.)

1. A permanent photographic picture or print in platinum black.

2. The process by which such pictures are produced.

PLATINOUS
Plat"i*nous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, platinum; -- used
specifically to designate those compounds in which the element has a
lower valence, as contrasted with the platinic compounds; as,
platinous chloride (PtCl2).

PLATINUM
Plat"i*num, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Sp. platina, from plata silver, LL.
plata a thin plate of metal. See Plate, and cf. Platina.] (Chem.)

Defn: A metallic element, intermediate in value between silver and
gold, occurring native or alloyed with other metals, also as the
platinum arsenide (sperrylite). It is heavy tin-white metal which is
ductile and malleable, but very infusible, and characterized by its
resistance to strong chemical reagents. It is used for crucibles, for
stills for sulphuric acid, rarely for coin, and in the form of foil
and wire for many purposes. Specific gravity 21.5. Atomic weight
194.3. Symbol Pt. Formerly called platina. Platinum black (Chem.), a
soft, dull black powder, consisting of finely divided metallic
platinum obtained by reduction and precipitation from its solutions.
It absorbs oxygen to a high degree, and is employed as an oxidizer.
 -- Platinum lamp (Elec.), a kind of incandescent lamp of which the
luminous medium is platinum. See under Incandescent.
 -- Platinum metals (Chem.), the group of metallic elements which in
their chemical and physical properties resemble platinum. These
consist of the light platinum group, viz., rhodium, ruthenium, and
palladium, whose specific gravities are about 12; and the heavy
platinum group, viz., osmium, iridium, and platinum, whose specific
gravities are over 21.
 -- Platinum sponge (Chem.), metallic platinum in a gray, porous,
spongy form, obtained by reducing the double chloride of platinum and
ammonium. It absorbs oxygen, hydrogen, and certain other gases, to a
high degree, and is employed as an agent in oxidizing.

PLATITUDE
Plat"i*tude, n. Etym: [F., from plat flat. See Plate.]

1. The quality or state of being flat, thin, or insipid; flat
commonness; triteness; staleness of ideas of language.
To hammer one golden grain of wit into a sheet of infinite platitude.
Motley.

2. A thought or remark which is flat, dull, trite, or weak; a truism;
a commonplace.

PLATITUDINARIAN
Plat`i*tu`di*na"ri*an, n.

Defn: One addicted to uttering platitudes, or stale and insipid
truisms. "A political platitudinarian." G. Eliot.

PLATITUDINIZE
Plat`i*tu"di*nize, v. i.

Defn: To utter platitudes or truisms.

PLATITUDINOUS
Plat`i*tu"di*nous, a.

Defn: Abounding in platitudes; of the nature of platitudes; uttering
platitudes.
 -- Plat`i*tu"di*nous*ness, n.

PLATLY
Plat"ly, a.

Defn: Flatly. See Plat, a. [Obs.]

PLATNESS
Plat"ness, n.

Defn: Flatness. [Obs.] Palsgrave.

PLATOMETER
Pla*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: See Planimeter.

PLATONIC; PLATONICAL
Pla*ton"ic, Pla*ton"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. Platonicus, Gr. platonique.]

1. Of or pertaining to Plato, or his philosophy, school, or opinions.

2. Pure, passionless; nonsexual; philosophical. Platonic bodies, the
five regular geometrical solids; namely, the tetrahedron, hexahedron
or cube, octahedron, dodecahedron, and icosahedron.
 -- Platonic love, a pure, spiritual affection, subsisting between
persons of opposite sex, unmixed with carnal desires, and regarding
the mind only and its excellences; -- a species of love for which
Plato was a warm advocate.
 -- Platonic year (Astron.), a period of time determined by the
revolution of the equinoxes, or the space of time in which the stars
and constellations return to their former places in respect to the
equinoxes; -- called also great year. This revolution, which is
caused by the precession of the equinoxes, is accomplished in about
26,000 years. Barlow.

PLATONIC
Pla*ton"ic, n.

Defn: A follower of Plato; a Platonist.

PLATONICALLY
Pla*ton"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a Platonic manner.

PLATONISM
Pla"to*nism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. Platonisme.]

1. The doctrines or philosophy by Plato or of his followers.

Note: Plato believed God to be an infinitely wise, just, and powerful
Spirit; and also that he formed the visible universe out of
preëxistent amorphous matter, according to perfect patterns of ideas
eternally existent in his own mind. Philosophy he considered as being
a knowledge of the true nature of things, as discoverable in those
eternal ideas after which all things were fashioned. In other words,
it is the knowledge of what is eternal, exists necessarily, and is
unchangeable; not of the temporary, the dependent, and changeable;
and of course it is not obtained through the senses; neither is it
the product of the understanding, which concerns itself only with the
variable and transitory; nor is it the result of experience and
observation; but it is the product of our reason, which, as partaking
of the divine nature, has innate ideas resembling the eternal ideas
of God. By contemplating these innate ideas, reasoning about them,
and comparing them with their copies in the visible universe, reason
can attain that true knowledge of things which is called philosophy.
Plato's professed followers, the Academics, and the New Platonists,
differed considerably from him, yet are called Platonists. Murdock.

2. An elevated rational and ethical conception of the laws and forces
of the universe; sometimes, imaginative or fantastic philosophical
notions.

PLATONIST
Pla"to*nist, n.

Defn: One who adheres to the philosophy of Plato; a follower of
Plato. Hammond.

PLATONIZE
Pla"to*nize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Platonized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Platonizing.]

Defn: To adopt the opinion of Plato or his followers. Milner.

PLATONIZE
Pla"to*nize, v. t.

Defn: To explain by, or accomodate to, the Platonic philosophy.
Enfield.

PLATONIZER
Pla"to*ni`zer, n.

Defn: One who Platonizes.

PLATOON
Pla*toon", n. Etym: [F. peloton a ball of thread, a knot or group of
men, a platoon, from pelote a ball formed of things wound round. See
Pellet.] (Mil.)
(a) Formerly, a body of men who fired together; also, a small square
body of soldiers to strengthen the angles of a hollow square.
(b) Now, in the United States service, half of a company.

PLATT
Platt, n. (Mining)

Defn: See Lodge, n. Raymond.

PLATTDEUTSCH
Platt"deutsch`, n.

Defn: The modern dialects spoken in the north of Germany, taken
collectively; modern Low German. See Low German, under German.

PLATTEN
Plat"ten, v. t. Etym: [See Plat, a.] (Glass Making)

Defn: To flatten and make into sheets or plates; as, to platten
cylinder glass.

PLATTER
Plat"ter, n. Etym: [From Plat to braid.]

Defn: One who plats or braids.

PLATTER
Plat"ter, n. Etym: [Probably fr. OF. platel, F. plateau. See
Plateau.]

Defn: A large plate or shallow dish on which meat or other food is
brought to the table.
The attendants . . . speedly brought in several large, smoking
platters, filled with huge pieces of beef. Sir W. Scott.

PLATTER-FACED
Plat"ter-faced`, a.

Defn: Having a broad, flat face.

PLATTING
Plat"ting, n.

Defn: Plaited strips or bark, cane, straw, etc., used for making hats
or the like.

PLATY
Plat"y, a.

Defn: Like a plate; consisting of plates.

PLATY-
Plat"y-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. platy`s broad, wide, flat; as,
platypus, platycephalous.

PLATYCEPHALIC; PLATYCEPHALOUS
Plat`y*ce*phal"ic, Plat`y*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Platy + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Broad-headed.

PLATYCNEMIC
Plat`yc*ne"mic, a. Etym: [Platy + Gr. platycnémique.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of, relating to, or characterized by, platycnemism.

PLATYCNEMISM
Pla*tyc"ne*mism, n. (Anat.)

Defn: Lateral flattening of the tibia.

PLATYCOELIAN
Plat`y*coe"li*an, a. Etym: [Platy + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Flat at the anterior and concave at the posterior end; -- said
of the centra of the vertebræ of some extinct dinouaurs.

PLATYELMINTHES
Plat`y*el*min"thes, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Platy-, and Helminthes.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of helminthes including the cestodes, or tapeworms, the
trematodes, and the turbellarians. Called also flatworms.

PLATYHELMIA
Plat`y*hel"mi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Platyelminthes. [Written also Platyelmia.]

PLATYMETER
Pla*tym"e*ter, n. Etym: [Platy + -meter.] (Elec.)

Defn: An apparatus for measuring the capacity of condensers, or the
inductive capacity of dielectrics.

PLATYPOD
Plat"y*pod, n. Etym: [Platy + -pod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal having broad feet, or a broad foot.

PLATYPODA
Pla*typ"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Prosobranchiata.

PLATYPTERA
Pla*typ"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Pseudoneuroptera including the species which have
four broad, flat wings, as the termites, or white-ants, and the stone
flies (Perla).

PLATYPUS
Plat"y*pus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The duck mole. See under Duck.

PLATYRHINE
Plat"y*rhine, a. Etym: [Platy + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the nose broad; -- opposed to Ant: leptorhine.
 -- n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Platyrhini.

PLATYRHINI
Plat`y*rhi"ni, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of monkeys, including the American species, which
have a broad nasal septum, thirty-six teeth, and usually a prehensile
tail. See Monkey. [Written also Platyrrhini.]

PLAUD
Plaud, v. t.

Defn: To applaud. [Obs.] Chapman.

PLAUDIT
Plau"dit, n. Etym: [From L. plaudite do ye praise (which was said by
players at the end of a performance), 2d pers. pl. imperative of
plaudere. Cf. Plausible.]

Defn: A mark or expression of applause; praise bestowed.
Not in the shouts and plaudits of the throng. Longfellow.

Syn.
 -- Acclamation; applause; encomium; commendation; approbation;
approval.

PLAUDITORY
Plau"di*to*ry, a.

Defn: Applauding; commending.

PLAUSIBILITY
Plau`si*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. plausibilité.]

1. Something worthy of praise. [Obs.]
Integrity, fidelity, and other gracious plausibilities. E. Vaughan.

2. The quality of being plausible; speciousness.
To give any plausibility to a scheme. De Quincey.

3. Anything plausible or specious. R. Browning.

PLAUSIBLE
Plau"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. plausibilis praiseworthy, from plaudere,
plausum, to applaud, clap the hands, strike, beat.]

1. Worthy of being applauded; praiseworthy; commendable; ready.
[Obs.] Bp. Hacket.

2. Obtaining approbation; specifically pleasing; apparently right;
specious; as, a plausible pretext; plausible manners; a plausible
delusion. "Plausible and popular arguments." Clarendon.

3. Using specious arguments or discourse; as, a plausible speaker.

Syn.
 -- Plausible, Specious. Plausible denotes that which seems
reasonable, yet leaves distrust in the judgment. Specious describes
that which presents a fair appearance to the view and yet covers
something false. Specious refers more definitely to the act or
purpose of false representation; plausible has more reference to the
effect on the beholder or hearer. An argument may by specious when it
is not plausible because its sophistry is so easily discovered.

PLAUSIBLEIZE
Plau"si*ble*ize, v. t.

Defn: To render plausible. [R.]

PLAUSIBLENESS
Plau"si*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being plausible.

PLAUSIBLY
Plau"si*bly, adv.

1. In a plausible manner.

2. Contentedly, readily. [Obs.]
The Romans plausibly did give consent. Shak.

PLAUSIVE
Plau"sive, a. Etym: [L. plaudere, plausum, to applaud.]

1. Applauding; manifesting praise. Young.

2. Plausible, specious. [Obs.] Shak.

PLAY
Play, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Played; p. pr. & vb. n. Playing.] Etym:
[OE. pleien, AS. plegian, plegan, to play, akin to plega play, game,
quick motion, and probably to OS. plegan to promise, pledge, D.
plegen to care for, attend to, be wont, G. pflegen; of unknown
origin. sq. root28. Cf. Plight, n.]

1. To engage in sport or lively recreation; to exercise for the sake
of amusement; to frolic; to spot.
As Cannace was playing in her walk. Chaucer.
The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day, Had he thy reason, would he
skip and play! Pope.
And some, the darlings of their Lord, Play smiling with the flame and
sword. Keble.

2. To act with levity or thoughtlessness; to trifle; to be careless.
"Nay," quod this monk, "I have no lust to pleye." Chaucer.
Men are apt to play with their healths. Sir W. Temple.

3. To contend, or take part, in a game; as, to play ball; hence, to
gamble; as, he played for heavy stakes.

4. To perform on an instrument of music; as, to play on a flute.
One that . . . can play well on an instrument. Ezek. xxxiii. 32.
Play, my friend, and charm the charmer. Granville.

5. To act; to behave; to practice deception.
His mother played false with a smith. Shak.

6. To move in any manner; especially, to move regularly with
alternate or reciprocating motion; to operate; to act; as, the
fountain plays.
The heart beats, the blood circulates, the lungs play. Cheyne.

7. To move gayly; to wanton; to disport.
Even as the waving sedges play with wind. Shak.
The setting sun Plays on their shining arms and burnished helmets.
Addison.
All fame is foreign but of true desert, Plays round the head, but
comes not to the heart. Pope.

8. To act on the stage; to personate a character.
A lord will hear your play to-night. Shak.
Courts are theaters where some men play. Donne.
To play into a person's hands, to act, or to manage matters, to his
advantage or benefit.
 -- To play off, to affect; to feign; to practice artifice.
 -- To play upon. (a) To make sport of; to deceive.
Art thou alive Or is it fantasy that plays upon our eyesight. Shak.
(b) To use in a droll manner; to give a droll expression or
application to; as, to play upon words.

PLAY
Play, v. t.

1. To put in action or motion; as, to play cannon upon a
fortification; to play a trump.
First Peace and Silence all disputes control, Then Order plays the
soul. Herbert.

2. To perform music upon; as, to play the flute or the organ.

3. To perform, as a piece of music, on an instrument; as, to play a
waltz on the violin.

4. To bring into sportive or wanton action; to exhibit in action; to
execute; as, to play tricks.
Nature here Wantoned as in her prime, and played at will Her virgin
fancies. Milton.

5. To act or perform (a play); to represent in music action; as, to
play a comedy; also, to act in the character of; to represent by
acting; to simulate; to behave like; as, to play King Lear; to play
the woman.
Thou canst play the rational if thou wilt. Sir W. Scott.

6. To engage in, or go together with, as a contest for amusement or
for a wager or prize; as, to play a game at baseball.

7. To keep in play, as a hooked fish, in order to land it. To play
off, to display; to show; to put in exercise; as, to play off tricks.
 -- To play one's cards, to manage one's means or opportunities; to
contrive.
 -- Played out, tired out; exhausted; at the end of one's resources.
[Colloq.]

PLAY
Play, n.

1. Amusement; sport; frolic; gambols.

2. Any exercise, or series of actions, intended for amusement or
diversion; a game.
John naturally loved rough play. Arbuthnot.

3. The act or practice of contending for victory, amusement, or a
prize, as at dice, cards, or billiards; gaming; as, to lose a fortune
in play.

4. Action; use; employment; exercise; practice; as, fair play; sword
play; a play of wit. "The next who comes in play." Dryden.

5. A dramatic composition; a comedy or tragedy; a composition in
which characters are represented by dialogue and action.
A play ought to be a just image of human nature. Dryden.

6. The representation or exhibition of a comedy or tragedy; as, he
attends ever play.

7. Performance on an instrument of music.

8. Motion; movement, regular or irregular; as, the play of a wheel or
piston; hence, also, room for motion; free and easy action. "To give
them play, front and rear." Milton.
The joints are let exactly into one another, that they have no play
between them. Moxon.

9. Hence, liberty of acting; room for enlargement or display; scope;
as, to give full play to mirth. Play actor, an actor of dramas.
Prynne.
 -- Play debt, a gambling debt. Arbuthnot.
 -- Play pleasure, idle amusement. [Obs.] Bacon.
 -- A play upon words, the use of a word in such a way as to be
capable of double meaning; punning.
 -- Play of colors, prismatic variation of colors.
 -- To bring into play, To come into play, to bring or come into use
or exercise.
 -- To hold in play, to keep occupied or employed.
I, with two more to help me, Will hold the foe in play. Macaulay.

PLAYA
Pla"ya, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A beach; a strand; in the plains and deserts of Texas, New
Mexico, and Arizona, a broad, level spot, on which subsequently
becomes dry by evaporation. Bartlett.

PLAYBILL
Play"bill`, n.

Defn: A printed programme of a play, with the parts assigned to the
actors.

PLAYBOOK
Play"book`, n.

Defn: A book of dramatic compositions; a book of the play. Swift.

PLAYDAY
Play"day`, n.

Defn: A day given to play or diversion; a holiday. Swift.

PLAYER
Play"er, n.

1. One who plays, or amuses himself; one without serious aims; an
idler; a trifler. Shak.

2. One who plays any game.

3. A dramatic actor. Shak.

4. One who plays on an instrument of music. "A cunning player on a
harp." 1 Sam. xvi. 16.

5. A gamester; a gambler.

PLAYFELLOW
Play"fel`low, n.

Defn: A companion in amusements or sports; a playmate. Shak.

PLAYFERE
Play"fere`, n. Etym: [Play + 1st fere.]

Defn: A playfellow. [Obs.] [Also, playfeer, playphere.] Holinsheld.

PLAYFUL
Play"ful, a.

Defn: Sportive; gamboling; frolicsome; indulging a sportive fancy;
humorous; merry; as, a playful child; a playful writer.
 -- Play"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Play"ful*ness, n.

PLAYGAME
Play"game`, n.

Defn: Play of children. Locke.

PLAYGOER
Play"go`er, n.

Defn: One who frequents playhouses, or attends dramatic performances.

PLAYGOING
Play"go`ing, a.

Defn: Frequenting playhouses; as, the playgoing public.
 -- n.

Defn: The practice of going to plays.

PLAYGROUND
Play"ground`, n.

Defn: A piece of ground used for recreation; as, the playground of a
school.

PLAYHOUSE
Play"house`, n. Etym: [AS. pleghus.]

1. A building used for dramatic exhibitions; a theater. Shak.

2. A house for children to play in; a toyhouse.

PLAYING
Play"ing,

Defn: a. & vb. n. of Play. Playing cards. See under Card.

PLAYMAKER
Play"mak`er, n.

Defn: A playwright. [R.]

PLAYMATE
Play"mate`, n.

Defn: A companion in diversions; a playfellow.

PLAYSOME
Play"some, a.

Defn: Playful; wanton; sportive. [R.] R. Browning.
 -- Play"some*ness, n. [R.]

PLAYTE
Playte, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Pleyt.

PLAYTHING
Play"thing`, n.

Defn: A thing to play with; a toy; anything that serves to amuse.
A child knows his nurse, and by degrees the playthings of a little
more advanced age. Locke.

PLAYTIME
Play"time`, n.

Defn: Time for play or diversion.

PLAYWRIGHT
Play"wright`, n.

Defn: A maker or adapter of plays.

PLAYWRITER
Play"writ`er, n.

Defn: A writer of plays; a dramatist; a playwright. Lecky.

PLAZA
Pla"za, n. Etym: [Sp. See Place.]

Defn: A public square in a city or town.

PLEA
Plea, n. Etym: [OE. plee, plai, plait, fr. OF. plait, plaid, plet,
LL. placitum judgment, decision, assembly, court, fr. L. placitum
that which is pleasing, an opinion, sentiment, from placere to
please. See Please, and cf. Placit, Plead.]

1. (Law)

Defn: That which is alleged by a party in support of his cause; in a
stricter sense, an allegation of fact in a cause, as distinguished
from a demurrer; in a still more limited sense, and in modern
practice, the defendant's answer to the plaintiff's declaration and
demand. That which the plaintiff alleges in his declaration is
answered and repelled or justified by the defendant's plea. In
chancery practice, a plea is a special answer showing or relying upon
one or more things as a cause why the suit should be either
dismissed, delayed, or barred. In criminal practice, the plea is the
defendant's formal answer to the indictment or information presented
against him.

2. (Law)

Defn: A cause in court; a lawsuit; as, the Court of Common Pleas. See
under Common.
The Supreme Judicial Court shall have cognizance of pleas real,
personal, and mixed. Laws of Massachusetts.

3. That which is alleged or pleaded, in defense or in justification;
an excuse; an apology. "Necessity, the tyrant's plea." Milton.
No plea must serve; 't is cruelty to spare. Denham.

4. An urgent prayer or entreaty. Pleas of the crown (Eng. Law),
criminal actions.

PLEACH
Pleach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleached (; p. pr. & vb. n. Pleaching.]
Etym: [Cf. OF. plaissier to bend, and also F. plisser to plait, L.
plicare, plicitum, to fold, lay, or wind together. Cf. Plash to
pleach.]

Defn: To unite by interweaving, as branches of trees; to plash; to
interlock. "The pleached bower." Shak.

PLEAD
Plead, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleaded (colloq. Plead or Pled); p. pr. &
vb. n. Pleading.] Etym: [OE. pleden, plaiden, OF. plaidier, F.
plaider, fr. LL. placitare, fr. placitum. See Plea.]

1. To argue in support of a claim, or in defense against the claim of
another; to urge reasons for or against a thing; to attempt to
persuade one by argument or supplication; to speak by way of
persuasion; as, to plead for the life of a criminal; to plead with a
judge or with a father.
O that one might plead for a man with God, as a man pleadeth for his
neighbor! Job xvi. 21.

2. (Law)

Defn: To present an answer, by allegation of fact, to the declaration
of a plaintiff; to deny the plaintiff's declaration and demand, or to
allege facts which show that ought not to recover in the suit; in a
less strict sense, to make an allegation of fact in a cause; to carry
on the allegations of the respective parties in a cause; to carry on
a suit or plea. Blackstone. Burrill. Stephen.

3. To contend; to struggle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PLEAD
Plead, v. t.

1. To discuss, defend, and attempt to maintain by arguments or
reasons presented to a tribunal or person having uthority to
determine; to argue at the bar; as, to plead a cause before a court
or jury.
Every man should plead his own matter. Sir T. More.

Note: In this sense, argue is more generally used by lawyers.

2. To allege or cite in a legal plea or defense, or for repelling a
demand in law; to answer to an indictment; as, to plead usury; to
plead statute of limitations; to plead not guilty. Kent.

3. To allege or adduce in proof, support, or vendication; to offer in
excuse; as, the law of nations may be pleaded in favor of the rights
of ambassadors. Spenser.
I will neither plead my age nor sickness, in excuse of faults.
Dryden.

PLEADABLE
Plead"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being pleaded; capable of being alleged in proof,
defense, or vindication; as, a right or privilege pleadable at law.
Dryden.

PLEADER
Plead"er, n. Etym: [F. plaideur.]

1. One who pleads; one who argues for or against; an advotate.
So fair a pleader any cause may gain. Dryden.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who draws up or forms pleas; the draughtsman of pleas or
pleadings in the widest sense; as, a special pleader.

PLEADING
Plead"ing, n.

Defn: The act of advocating, defending, or supporting, a cause by
arguments.

PLEADINGLY
Plead"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pleading manner.

PLEADINGS
Plead"ings, n. pl. (Law)

Defn: The mutual pleas and replies of the plaintiff and defendant, or
written statements of the parties in support of their claims,
proceeding from the declaration of the plaintiff, until issue is
joined, and the question made to rest on some single point.
Blackstone.

PLEASANCE
Pleas"ance, n. Etym: [F. plaisance. See Please.]

1. Pleasure; merriment; gayety; delight; kindness. [Archaic] Shak.
"Full great pleasance." Chaucer. "A realm of pleasance." Tennyson.

2. A secluded part of a garden. [Archaic]
The pleasances of old Elizabethan houses. Ruskin.

PLEASANT
Pleas"ant, a. Etym: [F. plaisant. See Please.]

1. Pleasing; grateful to the mind or to the senses; agreeable; as, a
pleasant journey; pleasant weather.
Behold, how good and pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in
unity! Ps. cxxxiii. 1.

2. Cheerful; enlivening; gay; sprightly; humorous; sportive; as,
pleasant company; a pleasant fellow.
From grave to light, from pleasant to serve. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Pleasing; gratifying; agreeable; cheerful; good-humored;
enlivening; gay; lively; merry; sportive; humorous; jocose; amusing;
witty.
 -- Pleasant, Pleasing, Agreeable. Agreeable is applied to that which
agrees with, or is in harmony with, one's tastes, character, etc.
Pleasant and pleasing denote a stronger degree of the agreeable.
Pleasant refers rather to the state or condition; pleasing, to the
act or effect. Where they are applied to the same object, pleasing is
more energetic than pleasant; as, she is always pleasant and always
pleasing. The distinction, however, is not radical and not rightly
observed.

PLEASANT
Pleas"ant, n.

Defn: A wit; a humorist; a buffoon. [Obs.]

PLEASANTLY
Pleas"ant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pleasant manner.

PLEASANTNESS
Pleas"ant*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being pleasant.

PLEASANTRY
Pleas"ant*ry, n.; pl. Pleasantries. Etym: [F. plaisanterie. See
Pleasant.]

Defn: That which denotes or promotes pleasure or good humor;
cheerfulness; gayety; merriment; especially, an agreeable playfulness
in conversation; a jocose or humorous remark; badinage.
The grave abound in pleasantries, the dull in repartees and points of
wit. Addison.
The keen observation and ironical pleasantry of a finished man of the
world. Macaulay.

PLEASANT-TONGUED
Pleas"ant-tongued`, a.

Defn: Of pleasing speech.

PLEASE
Please, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleased; p. pr. & vb. n. Pleasing.] Etym:
[OE. plesen, OF. plaisir, fr. L. placere, akin to placare to
reconcile. Cf. Complacent, Placable, Placid, Plea, Plead, Pleasure.]

1. To give pleasure to; to excite agreeable sensations or emotions
in; to make glad; to gratify; to content; to satisfy.
I pray to God that it may plesen you. Chaucer.
What next I bring shall please thee, be assured. Milton.

2. To have or take pleasure in; hence, to choose; to wish; to desire;
to will.
Whatsoever the Lord pleased, that did he. Ps. cxxxv. 6.
A man doing as he wills, and doing as he pleases, are the same things
in common speech. J. Edwards.

3. To be the will or pleasure of; to seem good to; -- used
impersonally. "It pleased the Father that in him should all fullness
dwell." Col. i. 19.
To-morrow, may it please you. Shak.
To be pleased in or with, to have complacency in; to take pleasure
in.
 -- To be pleased to do a thing, to take pleasure in doing it; to
have the will to do it; to think proper to do it. Dryden.

PLEASE
Please, v. i.

1. To afford or impart pleasure; to excite agreeable emotions.
What pleasing scemed, for her now pleases more. Milton.
For we that live to please, must please to live. Johnson.

2. To have pleasure; to be willing, as a matter of affording pleasure
or showing favor; to vouchsafe; to consent.
Heavenly stranger, please to taste These bounties. Milton.
That he would please 8give me my liberty. Swift.

PLEASED
Pleased, a.

Defn: Experiencing pleasure.
 -- Pleas"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Pleas"ed*ness, n.

PLEASEMAN
Please"man, n.

Defn: An officious person who courts favor servilely; a pickthank.
[Obs.] Shak.

PLEASER
Pleas"er, n.

Defn: One who pleases or gratifies.

PLEASING
Pleas"ing, a.

Defn: Giving pleasure or satisfaction; causing agreeable emotion;
agreeable; delightful; as, a pleasing prospect; pleasing manners.
"Pleasing harmony." Shak. "Pleasing features." Macaulay.
 -- Pleas"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Pleas"ing*ness, n.

Syn.
 -- Gratifying; delightful; agreeable. See Pleasant.

PLEASING
Pleas"ing, n.

Defn: An object of pleasure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PLEASURABLE
Pleas"ur*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of affording pleasure or satisfaction; gratifying;
abounding in pleasantness or pleasantry.
Planting of orchards is very . . . pleasurable. Bacon.
O, sir, you are very pleasurable. B. Jonson.
-- Pleas"ur*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Pleas"ur*a*bly, adv.

PLEASURE
Pleas"ure, n. Etym: [F. plaisir, originally an infinitive. See
Please.]

1. The gratification of the senses or of the mind; agreeable
sensations or emotions; the excitement, relish, or happiness produced
by the expectation or the enjoyment of something good, delightful, or
satisfying; -- opposed to Ant: pain, Ant: sorrow, etc.
At thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore. Ps. xvi. 11.

2. Amusement; sport; diversion; self-indulgence; frivolous or
dissipating enjoyment; hence, sensual gratification; -- opposed to
labor, service, duty, self-denial, etc. "Not sunk in carnal
pleasure." Milton.
He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man. Prov. xxi. 17.
Lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God. 2 Tim. iii. 4.

3. What the will dictates or prefers as gratifying or satisfying;
hence, will; choice; wish; purpose. "He will do his pleasure on
Babylon." Isa. xlviii. 14.
Use your pleasure; if your love do not presuade you to come, let not
my letter. Shak.

4. That which pleases; a favor; a gratification. Shak.
Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure Acts xxv. 9.
At pleasure, by arbitrary will or choice. Dryden.
 -- To take pleasure in, to have enjoyment in. Ps. cxlvii. 11.

Note: Pleasure is used adjectively, or in the formation of self-
explaining compounds; as, pleasure boat, pleasure ground; pleasure
house, etc.

Syn.
 -- Enjoyment; gratification; satisfaction; comfort; solace; joy;
gladness; delight; will; choice; preference; purpose; command; favor;
kindness.

PLEASURE
Pleas"ure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleasured; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pleasuring.]

Defn: To give or afford pleasure to; to please; to gratify. Shak.
[Rolled] his hoop to pleasure Edith. Tennyson.

PLEASURE
Pleas"ure, v. i.

Defn: To take pleasure; to seek pursue pleasure; as, to go
pleasuring.

PLEASUREFUL
Pleas"ure*ful, a.

Defn: Affording pleasure. [R.]

PLEASURELESS
Pleas"ure*less, a.

Defn: Devoid of pleasure. G. Eliot.

PLEASURER
Pleas"ur*er, n.

Defn: A pleasure seeker. Dickens.

PLEASURIST
Pleas"ur*ist, n.

Defn: A person devoted to worldly pleasure. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

PLEAT
Pleat, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Plait.

PLEBE
Plebe, n. Etym: [F. plèbe, fr. L. plebs.]

1. The common people; the mob. [Obs.]
The plebe with thirst and fury prest. Sylvester.

2. Etym: [Cf. Plebeian.]

Defn: A member of the lowest class in the military academy at West
Point. [Cant, U.S.]

PLEBEIAN
Ple*be"ian, a. Etym: [L. plebeius, from plebs, plebis, the common
people: cf. F. plébéien.]

1. Of or pertaining to the Roman plebs, or common people.

2. Of or pertaining to the common people; vulgar; common; as,
plebeian sports; a plebeian throng.

PLEBEIAN
Ple*be"ian, n.

1. One of the plebs, or common people of ancient Rome, in distinction
from patrician.

2. One of the common people, or lower rank of men.

PLEBEIANCE
Ple*be"iance, n.

1. Plebeianism. [Obs.]

2. Plebeians, collectively. [Obs.]

PLEBEIANISM
Ple*be"ian*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. plébéianisme.]

1. The quality or state of being plebeian.

2. The conduct or manners of plebeians; vulgarity.

PLEBEIANIZE
Ple*be"ian*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plebeianized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Plebeianizing.]

Defn: To render plebeian, common, or vulgar.

PLEBICOLIST
Ple*bic"o*list, n. Etym: [L. plebs the common people + colere to
cultivate.]

Defn: One who flatters, or courts the favor of, the common people; a
demagogue. [R.]

PLEBIFICATION
Pleb`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. plebs the common people + -ficare (in
comp.) to make. See -fy.]

Defn: A rendering plebeian; the act of vulgarizing. [R.]
You begin with the attempt to popularize learning . . . but you will
end in the plebification of knowledge. Coleridge.

PLEBISCITARY
Ple*bis"ci*ta*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to plebiscite. The Century.

PLEBISCITE
Pleb"i*scite, n. Etym: [F. plébiscite, fr. L. plebiscitum.]

Defn: A vote by universal male suffrage; especially, in France, a
popular vote, as first sanctioned by the National Constitution of
1791. [Written also plebiscit.]
Plebiscite we have lately taken, in popular use, from the French.
Fitzed. Hall.

PLEBISCITUM
Ple`bis*ci"tum, n. Etym: [L., fr. plebs, plebis, common people +
scitum decree.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A law enacted by the common people, under the superintendence
of a tribune or some subordinate plebeian magistrate, without the
intervention of the senate.

PLEBS
Plebs (plebz), n. [L. Cf. Plebe.]

1. The commonalty of ancient Rome who were citizens without the usual
political rights; the plebeians; -- distinguished from the
patricians.

2.  Hence, the common people; the populace; --construed as a pl.

PLECTILE
Plec"tile, a. Etym: [L. plectilis.]

Defn: Woven; plaited. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PLECTOGNATH
Plec"tog*nath, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Plectognathi.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Plectognathi.

PLECTOGNATHI
Plec*to"gna*thi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes generally having the maxillary bone united
with the premaxillary, and the articular united with the dentary.

Note: The upper jaw is immovably joined to the skull; the ventral
fins are rudimentary or wanting; and the body is covered with bony
plates, spines, or small rough ossicles, like shagreen. The order
includes the diodons, filefishes, globefishes, and trunkfishes.

PLECTOGNATHIC; PLEC-TOGNATHOUS
Plec`tog*nath"ic, Plec-tog"na*thous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Plectognathi.

PLECTOSPONDYLI
Plec`to*spon"dy*li, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive suborder of fresh-water physostomous fishes having
the anterior vertebræ united and much modified; the Eventognathi.

PLECTOSPONDYLOUS
Plec`to*spon"dy*lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Plectospondyli.

PLECTRUM
Plec"trum, n.; pl. L. Plectra, E. Plectrums. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A small instrument of ivory, wood, metal, or quill, used in
playing upon the lyre and other stringed instruments.

PLED
Pled,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Plead [Colloq.] Spenser.

PLEDGE
Pledge, n. Etym: [OF. plege, pleige, pledge, guaranty, LL. plegium,
plivium; akin to OF. plevir to bail, guaranty, perhaps fr. L.
praebere to proffer, offer (sc. fidem a trust, a promise of
security), but cf. also E. play. sq. root28. Cf. Prebend, Replevin.]

1. (Law)

Defn: The transfer of possession of personal property from a debtor
to a creditor as security for a debt or engagement; also, the
contract created between the debtor and creditor by a thing being so
delivered or deposited, forming a species of bailment; also, that
which is so delivered or deposited; something put in pawn.

Note: Pledge is ordinarily confined to personal property; the title
or ownership does not pass by it; possession is essential to it. In
all these points it differs from a mortgage [see Mortgage]; and in
the last, from the hypotheca of the Roman law. See Hypotheca. Story.
Kent.

2. (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: A person who undertook, or became responsible, for another; a
bail; a surety; a hostage. "I am Grumio's pledge." Shak.

3. A hypothecation without transfer of possession.

4. Anything given or considered as a security for the performance of
an act; a guarantee; as, mutual interest is the best pledge for the
performance of treaties. "That voice, their liveliest pledge of
hope." Milton.

5. A promise or agreement by which one binds one's self to do, or to
refrain from doing, something; especially, a solemn promise in
writing to refrain from using intoxicating liquors or the like; as,
to sign the pledge; the mayor had made no pledges.

6. A sentiment to which assent is given by drinking one's health; a
toast; a health. Dead pledge. Etym: [A translation of LL. mortuum
vadium.] (Law) A mortgage. See Mortgage.
 -- Living pledge. Etym: [A translation of LL. vivum vadium.] (Law)
The conveyance of an estate to another for money borrowed, to be held
by him until the debt is paid out of the rents and profits.
 -- To hold in pledge, to keep as security.
 -- To put in pledge, to pawn; to give as security.

Syn.
 -- See Earnest.

PLEDGE
Pledge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pledged; p. pr. & vb. n. Pledging.] Etym:
[Cf. OF. pleiger to give security. See Pledge, n.]

1. To deposit, as a chattel, in pledge or pawn; to leave in
possession of another as security; as, to pledge one's watch.

2. To give or pass as a security; to guarantee; to engage; to plight;
as, to pledge one's word and honor.
We mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our
sacred honor. The Declaration of Independence.

3. To secure performance of, as by a pledge. [Obs.]
To pledge my vow, I give my hand. Shak.

4. To bind or engage by promise or declaration; to engage solemnly;
as, to pledge one's self.

5. To invite another to drink, by drinking of the cup first, and then
handing it to him, as a pledge of good will; hence, to drink the
health of; to toast.
Pledge me, my friend, and drink till thou be'st wise. Cowley.

PLEDGEE
Pledg*ee", n.

Defn: The one to whom a pledge is given, or to whom property pledged
is delivered.

PLEDGELESS
Pledge"less, a.

Defn: Having no pledge.

PLEDGEOR; PLEDGOR
Pledge*or", Pledg*or", n. (Law)

Defn: One who pledges, or delivers anything in pledge; a pledger; --
opposed to Ant: pledgee.

Note: This word analogically requires the e after g, but the spelling
pledgor is perhaps commoner.

PLEDGER
Pledg"er, n.

Defn: One who pledges.

PLEDGERY
Pledg"er*y, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. pleigerie.]

Defn: A pledging; suretyship. [Obs.]

PLEDGET
Pledg"et, n. Etym: [Prov. E., a small plug.]

1. A small plug. [Prov. End.]

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A string of oakum used in calking.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A compress, or small flat tent of lint, laid over a wound,
ulcer, or the like, to exclude air, retain dressings, or absorb the
matter discharged.

PLEGEPODA
Ple*gep"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (-poda. In allusion to the
rapid strokes of the vibrating cilia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Infusoria.

PLEIAD
Ple"iad, n.

Defn: One of the Pleiades.

PLEIADES
Ple"ia*des, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (

1. (Myth.)

Defn: The seven daughters of Atlas and the nymph Pleione, fabled to
have been made by Jupiter a constellation in the sky.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A group of small stars in the neck of the constellation Taurus.
Job xxxviii. 31.

Note: Alcyone, the brightest of these, a star of the third magnitude,
was considered by Mädler the central point around which our universe
is revolving, but there is no sufficient evidence of such motion.
Only six pleiads are distinctly visible to the naked eye, whence the
ancients supposed that a sister had concealed herself out of shame
for having loved a mortal, Sisyphus.

PLEIN
Plein, a.

Defn: Plan. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PLEIN
Plein, v. i. & t.

Defn: To complain. See Plain. [Obs.]

PLEIN
Plein, a. Etym: [OF. & F., fr. L. plenus.]

Defn: Full; complete. [Obs.] "Plein remission." Chaucer.
 -- Plein"ly, adv.

PLEIOCENE
Plei"o*cene, a. (Geol.)

Defn: See Pliocene.

PLEIOPHYLLOUS
Plei*oph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having several leaves; -- used especially when several leaves
or leaflets appear where normally there should be only one.

PLEIOSAURUS
Plei`o*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Same as Pliosaurus.

PLEISTOCENE
Pleis"to*cene, a. Etym: [Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the epoch, or the deposits, following the
Tertiary, and immediately preceding man.
 -- n.

Defn: The Pleistocene epoch, or deposits.

PLENAL
Ple"nal, a. Etym: [L. plenus full. Cf. Plenary.]

Defn: Full; complete; as, a plenal view or act. [Obs.]

PLENARILY
Ple"na*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a plenary manner.

PLENARINESS
Ple"na*ri*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being plenary.

PLENARTY
Plen"ar*ty, n.

Defn: The state of a benefice when occupied. Blackstone.

PLENARY
Ple"na*ry, a. Etym: [LL. plenarius, fr. L. plenus full. See Plenty.]

Defn: Full; entire; complete; absolute; as, a plenary license;
plenary authority.
A treatise on a subject should be plenary or full. I. Watts.
Plenary indulgence (R. C. Ch.), an entire remission of temporal
punishment due to, or canonical penance for, all sins.
 -- Plenary inspiration. (Theol.) See under Inspiration.

PLENARY
Ple"na*ry, n. (Law)

Defn: Decisive procedure. [Obs.]

PLENE
Plene, æ. Etym: [L. plenus full.]

Defn: Full; complete; plenary. [Obs.]

PLENICORN
Ple"ni*corn, n. Etym: [L. plenus full + cornu horn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A ruminant having solid horns or antlers, as the deer. Brande &
C.

PLENILUNARY
Plen`i*lu"na*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the full moon. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PLENILUNE
Plen"i*lune, n. Etym: [L. plenilunium; plenus full + luna the moon.]

Defn: The full moon. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

PLENIPOTENCE; PLENIPOTENCY
Ple*nip"o*tence, Ple*nip"o*ten*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being plenipotent. [R.]

PLENIPOTENT
Ple*nip"o*tent, a. Etym: [L. plenus full + potens, -entis, potent.]

Defn: Possessing full power. [R.] Milton.

PLENIPOTENTIARY
Plen`i*po*ten"ti*a*ry, n.; pl. Plenipotentiaries. Etym: [LL.
plenipotentiarius: cf. F. plénipotentiaire.]

Defn: A person invested with full power to transact any business;
especially, an ambassador or envoy to a foreign court, with full
power to negotiate a treaty, or to transact other business.

PLENIPOTENTIARY
Plen`i*po*ten"ti*a*ry, a.

Defn: Containing or conferring full power; invested with full power;
as, plenipotentiary license; plenipotentiary ministers. Howell.

PLENISH
Plen"ish, v. t. Etym: [See Replenish.]

1. To replenish. [Obs.] T. Reeve.

2. To furnish; to stock, as a house or farm. [Scot.]

PLENISHING
Plen"ish*ing, n.

Defn: Household furniture; stock. [Scot.]

PLENIST
Ple"nist, n. Etym: [L. plenus full; cf. F. pléniste.]

Defn: One who holds that all space is full of matter.

PLENITUDE
Plen"i*tude, n. Etym: [L. plenitudo, fr. plenus full; cf. F.
plenitude.]

1. The quality or state of being full or complete; fullness;
completeness; abundance; as, the plenitude of space or power.

2. Animal fullness; repletion; plethora. [Obs.]

PLENITUDINARIAN
Plen`i*tu`di*na"ri*an, n.

Defn: A plenist.

PLENITUDINARY
Plen`i*tu"di*na*ry, a.

Defn: Having plenitude; full; complete; thorough. [Obs.]

PLENTEOUS
Plen"te*ous, a. Etym: [From Plenty.]

1. Containing plenty; abundant; copious; plentiful; sufficient for
every purpose; as, a plenteous supply. "Reaping plenteous crop."
Milton.

2. Yielding abundance; productive; fruitful. "The seven plenteous
years." Gen. xli. 34.

3. Having plenty; abounding; rich.
The Lord shall make thee plenteous in goods. Deut. xxviii. 11.

Syn.
 -- Plentiful; copious; full. See Ample.
 -- Plen"te*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Plen"te*ous*ness, n.

PLENTEVOUS
Plen"te*vous, a.

Defn: Plenteous. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PLENTIFUL
Plen"ti*ful, a.

1. Containing plenty; copious; abundant; ample; as, a plentiful
harvest; a plentiful supply of water.

2. Yielding abundance; prolific; fruitful.
If it be a long winter, it is commonly a more plentiful year. Bacon.

3. Lavish; profuse; prodigal. [Obs.]
He that is plentiful in expenses will hardly be preserved from Bacon.
-- Plen"ti*ful*ly, adv.
 -- Plen"ti*ful*ness, n.

PLENTY
Plen"ty, n.; pl. Plenties, in Shak. Etym: [OE. plentee, plente, OF.
plenté, fr. L. plenitas, fr. plenus full. See Full, a., and cf.
Complete.]

Defn: Full or adequate supply; enough and to spare; sufficiency;
specifically, abundant productiveness of the earth; ample supply for
human wants; abundance; copiousness. "Plenty of corn and wine." Gen.
xxvii. 28. "Promises Britain peace and plenty." Shak.
Houses of office stuffed with plentee. Chaucer.
The teeming clouds Descend in gladsome plenty o'er the world.
Thomson.

Syn.
 -- Abundance; exuberance. See Abundance.

PLENTY
Plen"ty, a.

Defn: Plentiful; abundant. [Obs. or Colloq.]
If reasons were as plenty as blackberries. Shak. (Folio ed.)
Those countries where shrubs are plenty. Goldsmith.

PLENUM
Ple"num, n. Etym: [L., fr. plenus full.]

Defn: That state in which every part of space is supposed to be full
of matter; -- opposed to vacuum. G. Francis.

PLEOCHROIC
Ple`o*chro"ic, a.

Defn: Having the property of pleochroism.

PLEOCHROISM
Ple*och"ro*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Crystallog.)

Defn: The property possessed by some crystals, of showing different
colors when viewed in the direction of different axes.

PLEOCHROMATIC
Ple*och`ro*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Pleochroic.

PLEOCHROMATISM
Ple`o*chro"ma*tism, n.

Defn: Pleochroism.

PLEOCHROOUS
Ple*och"ro*ous, a.

Defn: Pleochroic.

PLEOMORPHIC
Ple`o*mor"phic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to pleomorphism; as, the pleomorphic character of
bacteria.

PLEOMORPHISM
Ple`o*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Crystallog.)

Defn: The property of crystallizing under two or more distinct
fundamental forms, including dimorphism and trimorphism.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The theory that the various genera of bacteria are phases or
variations of growth of a number of Protean species, each of which
may exhibit, according to undetermined conditions, all or some of the
forms characteristic of the different genera and species.

PLEOMORPHOUS
Ple`o*mor"phous, a.

Defn: Having the property of pleomorphism.

PLEONASM
Ple"o*nasm, ( n. Etym: [L. pleonasmus, Gr. Full, a., and cf. Poly-,
Plus.] (Rhet.)

Defn: Redundancy of language in speaking or writing; the use of more
words than are necessary to express the idea; as, I saw it with my
own eyes.

PLEONAST
Ple"o*nast, n.

Defn: One who is addicted to pleonasm. [R.] C. Reade.

PLEONASTE
Ple"o*naste, n. Etym: [Gr.pléonaste.] (Min.)

Defn: A black variety of spinel.

PLEONASTIC; PLEONASTICAL
Ple`o*nas"tic, Ple`o*nas"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pléonastique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to pleonasm; of the nature of pleonasm;
redundant.

PLEONASTICALLY
Ple`o*nas"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pleonastic manner.

PLEOPOD
Ple"o*pod, n.; pl. E. Pleopods, L. Pleopoda. Etym: [Gr. -pod.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the abdominal legs of a crustacean. See Illust. under
Crustacea.

PLEROME
Ple"rome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The central column of parenchyma in a growing stem or root.

PLEROPHORY
Ple*roph"o*ry, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Fullness; full persuasion. "A plerophory of assurance." Bp.
Hall.

PLESANCE
Ples"ance, n.

Defn: Pleasance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PLESH
Plesh, n.

Defn: A pool; a plash. [Obs.] Spenser.

PLESIMORPHISM
Ple`si*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Crystallog.)

Defn: The property possessed by some substances of crystallizing in
closely similar forms while unlike in chemical composition.

PLESIOMORPHOUS
Ple`si*o*mor"phous, a.

Defn: Nearly alike in form.

PLESIOSAUR
Ple"si*o*saur, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: One of the Plesiosauria.

PLESIOSAURIA
Ple`si*o*sau"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Plesiosaurus.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct order of Mesozoic marine reptiles including the
genera Plesiosaurus, and allied forms; -- called also Sauropterygia.

PLESIOSAURIAN
Ple`si*o*sau"ri*an, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A plesiosaur.

PLESIOSAURUS
Ple`si*o*sau"rus, n.; pl. Plesiosauri. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of large extinct marine reptiles, having a very long
neck, a small head, and paddles for swimming. It lived in the
Mesozoic age.

PLESSIMETER
Ples*sim"e*ter, n.

Defn: See Pleximeter.

PLETE
Plete, v. t. & i.

Defn: To plead. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

PLETHORA
Pleth"o*ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Pleonasm.]

1. Overfullness; especially, excessive fullness of the blood vessels;
repletion; that state of the blood vessels or of the system when the
blood exceeds a healthy standard in quantity; hyperæmia; -- opposed
to anæmia.

2. State of being overfull; excess; superabundance.
He labors under a plethora of wit and imagination. Jeffrey.

PLETHORETIC
Pleth`o*ret"ic, a.

Defn: Plethoric. [Obs.] Johnson.

PLETHORIC
Ple*thor"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. pléthorique.]

Defn: Haeving a full habit of body; characterized by plethora or
excess of blood; as, a plethoric constitution; -- used also
metaphorically. "Plethoric phrases." Sydney Smith. "Plethoric
fullness of thought." De Quincey.

PLETHORICAL
Ple*thor"ic*al, a.

Defn: Plethoric. [R.] -- Ple*thor"ic*al*ly, adv. Burke.

PLETHORY
Pleth"o*ry, n.

Defn: Plethora. Jer. Taylor.

PLETHRON; PLETHRUM
Pleth"ron, Pleth"rum, n.; pl. Plethra. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr.
Antiq.)

Defn: A long measure of 100 Greek, or 101 English, feet; also, a
square measure of 10,000 Greek feet.

PLETHYSMOGRAPH
Pleth"ys*mo*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for determining and registering the variations in
the size or volume of a limb, as the arm or leg, and hence the
variations in the amount of blood in the limb.
 -- Pleth`ys*mo*graph"ic, a.

PLETHYSMOGRAPHY
Pleth`ys*mog"ra*phy, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The study, by means of the plethysmograph, of the variations in
size of a limb, and hence of its blood supply.

PLEURA
Pleu"ra, n.,

Defn: pl. of Pleuron.

PLEURA
Pleu"ra, n.; pl. L. Pleuræ, E. Pleuras. Etym: [NL., n. fem., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.)
(a) The smooth serous membrane which closely covers the lungs and the
adjacent surfaces of the thorax; the pleural membrane.
(b) The closed sac formed by the pleural membrane about each lung, or
the fold of membrane connecting each lung with the body wall.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pleuron.

PLEURAL
Pleu"ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pleura or pleuræ, or to the sides of
the thorax.

PLEURALGIA
Pleu*ral"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Pain in the side or region of the ribs.

PLEURAPOPHYSIS
Pleu`ra*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. Pleurapophyses. Etym: [NL. See Pleura,
and Apophysis.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the ventral processes of a vertebra, or the dorsal
element in each half of a hemal arch, forming, or corresponding to, a
vertebral rib.
 -- Pleu*rap`o*phys"i*al, a. Owen.

PLEURENCHYMA
Pleu*ren"chy*ma, n. Etym: [Gr. parenchyma.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tissue consisting of long and slender tubular cells, of which
wood is mainly composed.

PLEURIC
Pleu"ric, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pleural.

PLEURISY
Pleu"ri*sy, n. Etym: [F. pleurésie, L. pleurisis, pleuritis, Gr
pleyri	is (sc. no`sos), fr. pleyra` rib, side.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammation of the pleura, usually accompanied with fever,
pain, difficult respiration, and cough, and with exudation into the
pleural cavity. Pleurisy root. (Bot.) (a) The large tuberous root of
a kind of milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa) which is used as a remedy for
pleuritic and other diseases. (b) The plant itself, which has deep
orange-colored flowers; -- called also butterfly weed.

PLEURITE
Pleu"rite, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pleuron.

PLEURITIC; PLEURITICAL
Pleu*rit"ic, Pleu*rit"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. pleuriticus, Gr.
pleurétique.] (Med.)
(a) Of or pertaining to pleurisy; as, pleuritic symptoms.
(b) Suffering from pleurisy.

PLEURITIS
Pleu*ri"tis, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: Pleurisy.

PLEURO-
Pleu"ro-. Etym: [See Pleura.]

Defn: A combining form denoting relation to a side; specif.,
connection with, or situation in or near, the pleura; as,
pleuroperitoneum.

PLEUROBRACHIA
Pleu`ro*brach"i*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Pleuro-, and Brachium.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of ctenophores having an ovate body and two long
plumose tentacles.

PLEUROBRANCH
Pleu"ro*branch, n. Etym: [See Pleuro-, and Branchia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of the gills of a crustacean that is attached to the
side of the thorax.

PLEUROBRANCHIA
Pleu`ro*bran"chi*a, n.; pl. Pleuroeranchiæ. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pleurobranch.

PLEUROCARP
Pleu"ro*carp, n. Etym: [Pleuro- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any pleurocarpic moss.

PLEUROCARPIC; PLEUROCARPOUS
Pleu`ro*car"pic, Pleu`ro*car"pous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Side-fruited; -- said of those true mosses in which the
pedicels or the capsules are from lateral archegonia; -- opposed to
Ant: acrocarpous.

PLEUROCENTRUM
Pleu`ro*cen"trum, n. Etym: [NL. see Pleuro-, and Centrum.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the lateral elements in the centra of the vertebræ in
some fossil batrachians.

PLEURODERES
Pleu*rod"e*res, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of fresh-water turtles in which the neck can not be
retracted, but is bent to one side, for protection. The matamata is
an example.

PLEURODONT
Pleu"ro*dont, a. Etym: [Pleuro- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the teeth consolidated with the inner edge of the jaw,
as in some lizards.

PLEURODONT
Pleu"ro*dont, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any lizard having pleurodont teeth.

PLEURODYNIA
Pleu`ro*dyn"i*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A painful affection of the side, simulating pleurisy, usually
due to rheumatism.

PLEURON
Pleu"ron, n.; pl. Pleura. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the sides of an animal.
(b) One of the lateral pieces of a somite of an insect.
(c) One of lateral processes of a somite of a crustacean.

PLEURONECTOID
Pleu`ro*nec"toid, a. Etym: [NL. Pleuronectes, name of a genus (fr.
Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Pleuronectidæ, or Flounder family.

PLEUROPERICARDIAL
Pleu`ro*per`i*car"di*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pleura and pericardium.

PLEUROPERIPNEUMONY
Pleu`ro*per`ip*neu"mo*ny, n. Etym: [Pleuro- + peripneumony.] (Med.)

Defn: Pleuropneumonia.

PLEUROPERITONEAL
Pleu`ro*per`i*to*ne"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pleural and peritoneal membranes or
cavities, or to the pleuroperitoneum.

PLEUROPERITONEUM
Pleu`ro*per`i*to*ne"um, n. Etym: [Pleuro- + peritoneum.] (Anat.)

Defn: The pleural and peritoneal membranes, or the membrane lining
the body cavity and covering the surface of the inclosed viscera; the
peritoneum; -- used especially in the case of those animals in which
the body cavity is not divided.

Note: Peritoneum is now often used in the sense of pleuroperitoneum,
the pleuræ being regarded as a part of the peritoneum, when the body
cavity is undivided.

PLEUROPNEUMONIA
Pleu`ro*pneu*mo"ni*a, n. Etym: [Pleuro- + pneumonia.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the pleura and lungs; a combination of pleurisy
and pneumonia, esp. a kind of contagions and fatal lung plague of
cattle.

PLEUROPTERA
Pleu*rop"te*ra, n. pl Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Isectivora, including the colugo.

PLEUROSIGMA
Pleu`ro*sig"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Pleuro-, and Sigma.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of diatoms of elongated elliptical shape, but having
the sides slightly curved in the form of a letter S. Pleurosigma
angulatum has very fine striations, and is a favorite object for
testing the high powers of microscopes.

PLEUROSTEON
Pleu*ros"te*on, n.; pl. L. Pleurostea, E. -ons. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Anat.)

Defn: The antero-lateral piece which articulates the sternum of
birds.

PLEUROTHOTONUS
Pleu`ro*thot"o*nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A species of tetanus, in which the body is curved laterally.
Quain. Dunglison.

PLEUROTOMA
Pleu*rot"o*ma, n.; pl. L. Pleurotomæ, E. Pleurotomas. Etym: [NL., fr.
Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine gastropod belonging to Pleurotoma, and ether allied
genera of the family Pleurotmidæ. The species are very numerous,
especially in tropical seas. The outer lip has usually a posterior
notch or slit.

PLEVIN
Plev"in, n. Etym: [OF. plevine. See Replevin.]

Defn: A warrant or assurance. [Obs.]

PLEXIFORM
Plex"i*form, a. Etym: [Plexus + -form: cf. F. Plexiforme.]

Defn: Like network; complicated. Quincy.

PLEXIMETER
Plex*im"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Med.)

Defn: A small, hard, elastic plate, as of ivory, bone, or rubber,
placed in contact with body to receive the blow, in examination by
mediate percussion. [Written also plexometer.]

PLEXURE
Plex"ure, n. Etym: [See Plexus.]

Defn: The act or process of weaving together, or interweaving; that
which is woven together. H. Brooke.

PLEXUS
Plex"us, n.; pl. L. Plexus, E. Plexuses. Etym: [L., a twining, braid,
fr. plectere, plexum, to twine, braid.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A network of vessels, nerves, or fibers.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The system of equations required for the complete expression of
the relations which exist between a set of quantities. Brande & C.

PLEY
Pley, v. & n.

Defn: See Play. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PLEY
Pley, a.

Defn: Full See Plein. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PLEYT
Pleyt, n. (Naut.)

Defn: An old term for a river boat.

PLIABILITY
Pli`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being pliable; flexibility; as,
pliability of disposition. "Pliability of movement." Sir W. Scott.

PLIABLE
Pli"a*ble, a. Etym: [F., fr. plier to bend, to fold. See Ply, v.]

1. Capable of being plied, turned, or bent; easy to be bent;
flexible; pliant; supple; limber; yielding; as, willow is a pliable
plant.

2. Flexible in disposition; readily yielding to influence, arguments,
persuasion, or discipline; easy to be persuaded; -- sometimes in a
bad sense; as, a pliable youth. "Pliable she promised to be." Dr. H.
More.
 -- Pli"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Pli"a*bly, adv.

PLIANCY
Pli"an*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being pliant in sense; as, the pliancy
of a rod. "Avaunt all specious pliancy of mind." Wordsworth.

PLIANT
Pli"ant, a. Etym: [F. pliant, p. pr. of plier to bend. See Ply, v.]

1. Capable of plying or bending; readily yielding to force or
pressure without breaking; flexible; pliable; lithe; limber; plastic;
as, a pliant thread; pliant wax. Also used figuratively: Easily
influenced for good or evil; tractable; as, a pliant heart.
The will was then ductile and pliant to right reason. South.

2. Favorable to pliancy. [R.] "A pliant hour." Shak.
 -- Pli"ant*ly, adv.
 -- Pli"ant*ness, n.

PLICA
Pli"ca, n. Etym: [LL., a fold, fr. L. plicare to fold. See Ply, v.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A disease of the hair (Plica polonica), in which it becomes
twisted and matted together. The disease is of Polish origin, and is
hence called also Polish plait. Dunglison.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A diseased state in plants in which there is an excessive
development of small entangled twigs, instead of ordinary branches.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bend of the wing of a bird.

PLICATE; PLICATED
Pli"cate, Pli"ca*ted, a. Etym: [L. plicatus, p. p. of plicare to
fold.]

Defn: Plaited; folded like a fan; as, a plicate leaf.
 -- Pli"cate*ly, adv.

PLICATION
Pli*ca"tion, n.

Defn: A folding or fold; a plait. Richardson.

PLICATURE
Plic"a*ture, n. Etym: [L. plicatura, fr. plicare to fold.]

Defn: A fold; a doubling; a plication. Dr. H. More.

PLICIDENTINE
Plic`i*den"tine, n. Etym: [LL. plica fold + E. dentine.] (Anat.)

Defn: A form of dentine which shows sinuous lines of structure in a
transverse section of the tooth.

PLIED
Plied,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Ply.

PLIERS
Pli"ers, n. pl. Etym: [From Ply to bend, fold.]

Defn: A kind of small pinchers with long jaws, -- used for bending or
cutting metal rods or wire, for handling small objects such as the
parts of a watch, etc.

PLIFORM
Pli"form, a Etym: [Ply a fold + -form.]

Defn: In the form of a ply, fold, or doubling. [Obs.] Pennant.

PLIGHT
Plight, obs.

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Plight, to pledge. Chaucer.

PLIGHT
Plight, obs.

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Pluck. Chaucer.

PLIGHT
Plight, v. t. Etym: [OE. pliten; probably through Old French, fr. LL.
plectare, L. plectere. See Plait, Ply.]

Defn: To weave; to braid; to fold; to plait.[Obs.] "To sew and
plight." Chaucer.
A plighted garment of divers colors. Milton.

PLIGHT
Plight, n.

Defn: A network; a plait; a fold; rarely a garment. [Obs.] "Many a
folded plight." Spenser.

PLIGHT
Plight, n. Etym: [OE. pliht danger, engagement, AS. pliht danger, fr.
pleón to risk; akin to D. plicht duty, G. pflicht, Dan. pligt. sq.
root28. Cf. Play.]

1. That which is exposed to risk; that which is plighted or pledged;
security; a gage; a pledge. "That lord whose hand must take my
plight." Shak.

2. Etym: [Perh. the same word as plight a pledge, but at least
influenced by OF. plite, pliste, ploit, ploi, a condition, state; cf.
E. plight to fold, and F. pli a fold, habit, plier to fold, E. ply.]

Defn: Condition; state; -- risk, or exposure to danger, often being
implied; as, a luckless plight. "Your plight is pitied." Shak.
To bring our craft all in another plight Chaucer.

PLIGHT
Plight, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Plighting.]
Etym: [AS. plihtan to expose to danger, pliht danger;cf. D.
verplichten to oblige, engage, impose a duty, G. verpflichten, Sw.
förplikta, Dan. forpligte. See Plight, n.]

1. To pledge; to give as a pledge for the performance of some act;
as, to plight faith, honor, word; -- never applied to property or
goods. " To do them plighte their troth." Piers Plowman.
He plighted his right hand Unto another love, and to another land.
Spenser.
Here my inviolable faith I plight. Dryden.

2. To promise; to engage; to betroth.
Before its setting hour, divide The bridegroom from the plighted
bride. Sir W. Scott.

PLIGHTER
Plight"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, plights.

PLIM
Plim, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Plump.]

Defn: To swell, as grain or wood with water. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

PLIMSOLL'S MARK
Plim"soll's mark`. (Naut.)

Defn: A mark conspicuously painted on the port side of all British
sea-going merchant vessels, to indicate the limit of submergence
allowed by law; -- so called from Samuel Plimsoll, by whose efforts
the act of Parliament to prevent overloading was procured.

PLINTH
Plinth, n. Etym: [L. plinthus, Gr. flint: cf. F. plinthe.]

Defn: (Arch.) In classical architecture, a vertically faced member
immediately below the circular base of a column; also, the lowest
member of a pedestal; hence, in general, the lowest member of a base;
a sub-base; a block upon which the moldings of an architrave or trim
are stopped at the bottom. See Illust. of Column.

PLIOCENE
Pli"o*cene, a. [Written also pleiocene.] Etym: [Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or characterizing, the most recent division
of the Tertiary age.

PLIOCENE
Pli"o*cene, n. (Geol.)

Defn: The Pliocene period or deposits.

PLIOHIPPUS
Pli`o*hip"pus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. E. pliocene + Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of horses from the Pliocene deposits. Each
foot had a single toe (or hoof), as in the common horse.

PLIOSAURUS
Pli`o*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of marine reptiles allied to Plesiosaurus, but
having a much shorter neck.

PLITT
Plitt, n. Etym: [Russ. plete.]

Defn: An instrument of punishment or torture resembling the knout,
used in Russia.

PLOC
Ploc, n. Etym: [F.] (Naut.)

Defn: A mixture of hair and tar for covering the bottom of a ship.

PLOCE
Plo"ce, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure in which a word is separated or repeated by way of
emphasis, so as not only to signify the individual thing denoted by
it, but also its peculiar attribute or quality; as, "His wife's a
wife indeed." Bailey.

PLOD
Plod, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Plodded; p. pr. & vb. n. Plodding.] Etym:
[Gf. Gael. plod a clod, a pool; also, to strike or pelt with a clod
or clods.]

1. To travel slowly but steadily; to trudge. Shak.

2. To toil; to drudge; especially, to study laboriously and
patiently. "Plodding schoolmen." Drayton.

PLOD
Plod, v. t.

Defn: To walk on slowly or heavily.
The ploughman homeward plods his weary way. Gray.

PLODDER
Plod"der, n.

Defn: One who plods; a drudge.

PLODDING
Plod"ding, a.

Defn: Progressing in a slow, toilsome manner; characterized by
laborious diligence; as, a plodding peddler; a plodding student; a
man of plodding habits. --Plod"ding*ly, adv.

PLONGE
Plonge, v. t. Etym: [See Plunge.]

Defn: To cleanse, as open drains which are entered by the tide, by
stirring up the sediment when the tide ebbs.

PLONGEE
Plon`gée", n. Etym: [F. See Plunge.] (Mil.)

Defn: A slope or sloping toward the front; as, the plongée of a
parapet; the plongée of a shell in its course. [Sometimes written
plonge.]

PLOP
Plop, v. i.  [imp. & p. p. Plopped; p. pr. & vb. n. Plopping.]
[Imitative.]

Defn: To fall, drop, or move in any way, with a sudden splash or
slap, as on the surface of water.

The body plopped up, turning on its side.
Kipling.

PLOP
Plop, n.

Defn: Act of plopping; the sound made in plopping.

PLOT
Plot, n. Etym: [AS. plot; cf. Goth. plats a patch. Cf. Plat a piece
of ground.]

1. A small extent of ground; a plat; as, a garden plot. Shak.

2. A plantation laid out. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

3. (Surv.)

Defn: A plan or draught of a field, farm, estate, etc., drawn to a
scale.

PLOT
Plot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Plotting.]

Defn: To make a plot, map, pr plan, of; to mark the position of on a
plan; to delineate.
This treatise plotteth down Cornwall as it now standeth. Carew.

PLOT
Plot, n. Etym: [Abbrev. from complot.]

1. Any scheme, stratagem, secret design, or plan, of a complicated
nature, adapted to the accomplishment of some purpose, usually a
treacherous and mischievous one; a conspiracy; an intrigue; as, the
Rye-house Plot.
I have overheard a plot of death. Shak.
O, think what anxious moments pass between The birth of plots and
their last fatal periods! Addison.

2. A share in such a plot or scheme; a participation in any stratagem
or conspiracy. [Obs.]
And when Christ saith. Who marries the divorced commits adultery, it
is to be understood, if he had any plot in the divorce. Milton.

3. Contrivance; deep reach thought; ability to plot or intrigue.
[Obs.] "A man of much plot." Denham.

4. A plan; a purpose. "No other plot in their religion but serve Got
and save their souls." Jer. Taylor.

5. In fiction, the story of a play, novel, romance, or poem,
comprising a complication of incidents which are gradually unfolded,
sometimes by unexpected means.
If the plot or intrigue must be natural, and such as springs from the
subject, then the winding up of the plot must be a probable
consequence of all that went before. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Intrigue; stratagem; conspiracy; cabal; combination; contrivance.

PLOT
Plot, v. i.

1. To form a scheme of mischief against another, especially against a
government or those who administer it; to conspire. Shak.
The wicked plotteth against the just. Ps. xxxvii. 12.

2. To contrive a plan or stratagem; to scheme.
The prince did plot to be secretly gone. Sir H. Wotton.

PLOT
Plot, v. t.

Defn: To plan; to scheme; to devise; to contrive secretly. "Plotting
an unprofitable crime." Dryden. "Plotting now the fall of others."
Milton

PLOTFUL
Plot"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding with plots.

PLOTINIAN
Plo*tin"i*an, a.

Defn: Of pertaining to the Plotinists or their doctrines.

PLOTINIST
Plo*ti"nist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A disciple of Plotinus, a celebrated Platonic philosopher of
the third century, who taught that the human soul emanates from the
divine Being, to whom it reunited at death.

PLOT-PROOF
Plot"-proof`, a.

Defn: Secure against harm by plots. Shak.

PLOTTER
Plot"ter, n.

Defn: One who plots or schemes; a contriver; a conspirator; a
schemer. Dryden.

PLOUGH
Plough, n. & v.

Defn: See Plow.

PLOUTER
Plout"er, v. i. [Also plowter, plotter.] [Perh. imitative.]

Defn: To wade or move about with splashing; to dabble; also, to
potter; trifle; idle. [Scot. & Dial. Eng.]

I did not want to plowter about any more.
Kipling.

PLOUTER
Plout"er, n. [Also plowter.]

Defn: Act of ploutering; floundering; act or sound of splashing.
[Scot. & Dial.Eng.]

PLOVER
Plov"er, n. Etym: [OF. plovier, F. pluvier, prop., the rain bird, fr.
LL. (assumed) pluviarius, fr. L. pluvia rain, from pluere to rain;
akin to E. float, G. fliessen to flow. See Float.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of limicoline birds belonging to
the family Charadridæ, and especially those belonging to the
subfamily Charadrinsæ. They are prized as game birds.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any grallatorial bird allied to, or resembling, the true
plovers, as the crab plover (Dromas ardeola); the American upland,
plover (Bartramia longicauda); and other species of sandpipers.

Note: Among the more important species are the blackbellied, or
blackbreasted, plover (Charadrius squatarola) of America and Europe;
-- called also gray plover, bull-head plover, Swiss plover, sea
plover, and oxeye; the golden plover (see under Golden); the ring or
ringed plover (Ægialitis hiaticula). See Ringneck. The piping plover
(Ægialitis meloda); Wilson's plover (Æ. Wilsonia); the mountain
plover (Æ. montana); and the semipalmated plover (Æ. semipalmata),
are all small American species. Bastard plover (Zoöl.), the lapwing.
 -- Long-legged, or yellow-legged, plover. See Tattler.
 -- Plover's page, the dunlin. [Prov. Eng.] -- Rock plover, or Stone
plover, the black-bellied plover. [Prov. Eng.] -- Whistling plover.
(a) The golden plover. (b) The black-bellied plover.

PLOW; PLOUGH
Plow, Plough (plou), n. Etym: [OE. plouh, plou, AS. ploh; akin to D.
ploeg, G. pflug, OHG. pfluog, pfluoh, Icel. plogr, Sw. plog, Dan.
ploug, plov, Russ. plug', Lith. plugas.]

1. A well-known implement, drawn by horses, mules, oxen, or other
power, for turning up the soil to prepare it for bearing crops; also
used to furrow or break up the soil for other purposes; as, the
subsoil plow; the draining plow.
Where fern succeeds ungrateful to the plow. Dryden.

2. Fig.: Agriculture; husbandry. Johnson.

3. A carucate of land; a plowland. [Obs.] [Eng.]
Johan, mine eldest son, shall have plowes five. Tale of Gamelyn.

4. A joiner's plane for making grooves; a grooving plane.

5. (Bookbinding)

Defn: An implement for trimming or shaving off the edges of books.

6. (Astron.)

Defn: Same as Charles's Wain. Ice plow, a plow used for cutting ice
on rivers, ponds, etc., into cakes suitable for storing. [U. S.] --
Mackerel plow. See under Mackerel.
 -- Plow alms, a penny formerly paid by every plowland to the church.
Cowell.
 -- Plow beam, that part of the frame of a plow to which the draught
is applied. See Beam, n., 9.
 -- Plow Monday, the Monday after Twelth Day, or the end of Christmas
holidays.
 -- Plow staff. (a) A kind of long-handled spade or paddle for
cleaning the plowshare; a paddle staff. (b) A plow handle.
 -- Snow plow, a structure, usually

PLOW; PLOUGH
Plow, Plough, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plowed (ploud) or Ploughed; p. pr.
& vb. n. Plowing or Ploughing.]

1. To turn up, break up, or trench, with a plow; to till with, or as
with, a plow; as, to plow the ground; to plow a field.

2. To furrow; to make furrows, grooves, or ridges in; to run through,
as in sailing.
Let patient Octavia plow thy visage up With her prepared nails. Shak.
With speed we plow the watery way. Pope.

3. (Bookbinding)

Defn: To trim, or shave off the edges of, as a book or paper, with a
plow. See Plow, n., 5.

4. (Joinery)

Defn: To cut a groove in, as in a plank, or the edge of a board;
especially, a rectangular groove to receive the end of a shelf or
tread, the edge of a panel, a tongue, etc. To plow in, to cover by
plowing; as, to plow in wheat.
 -- To plow up, to turn out of the ground by plowing.plow ahead, to
continue in spite of obstacles or resistence by others.

Note: Often used in a bad sense, meaning to continue obstinately in
spite of the contrary advice of others. plow through, to execute a
difficult or laborious task steadily, esp. one containing many parts;
as, he plowed through the stack of correspondence until all had been
answered.

PLOW; PLOUGH
Plow, Plough (plou), v. i.

Defn: To labor with, or as with, a plow; to till or turn up the soil
with a plow; to till or turn up the soil with a plow; to prepare the
soil or bed for anything. Shak.
Doth the plowman plow all day to sow Isa. xxviii. 24.

PLOWABLE; PLOUGHABLE
Plow"a*ble, Plough"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being plowed; arable.

PLOWBOTE; PLOUGHBOTE
Plow"bote`, Plough"bote`, n. (Eng. Law)

Defn: Wood or timber allowed to a tenant for the repair of
instruments of husbandry. See Bote.

PLOWBOY; PLOUGHBOY
Plow"boy`, Plough"boy`, n.

Defn: A boy that drives or guides a team in plowing; a young rustic.

PLOWER; PLOUGHER
Plow"er, Plough"er, n.

Defn: One who plows; a plowman; a cultivator.

PLOWFOOT; PLOUGHFOOT
Plow"foot`, Plough"foot`, n.

Defn: An adjustable staff formerly attached to the plow beam to
determine the depth of the furrow. Piers Plowman.

PLOWGANG; PLOUGHGANG
Plow"gang`, Plough"gang`, n.

Defn: Same as Plowgate.

PLOWGATE; PLOUGHGATE
Plow"gate`, Plough"gate`, n.

Defn: The Scotch equivalent of the English word plowland.
Not having one plowgate of land. Sir W. Scott.

PLOWHEAD; PLOUGHHEAD
Plow"head`, Plough"head`, n.

Defn: The clevis or draught iron of a plow.

PLOWLAND; PLOUGLAND
Plow"land`, Ploug"land`, n.

1. Land that is plowed, or suitable for tillage.

2. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: the quantity of land allotted for the work of one plow; a hide.

PLOWMAN; PLOUGHMAN
Plow"man, Plough"man, n.; pl. -men (.

1. One who plows, or who holds and guides a plow; hence, a
husbandman. Chaucer. Macaulay.

2. A rustic; a countryman; a field laborer. Plowman's spikenard
(Bot.), a European composite weed (Conyza squarrosa), having fragrant
roots. Dr. Prior.

PLOWPOINT; PLOUGHPOINT
Plow"point`, Plough"point`, n.

Defn: A detachable share at the extreme front end of the plow body.

PLOWSHARE; PLOUGHSHARE
Plow"share`, Plough"share", n.

Defn: The share of a plow, or that part which cuts the slice of earth
or sod at the bottom of the furrow. Plowshare bone (Anat.), the
pygostyle.

PLOWTAIL; PLOUGHTAIL
Plow"tail`, Plough"tail`, n.

Defn: The hind part or handle of a plow.

PLOWWRIGHT; PLOUGHWRIGHT
Plow"wright`, Plough"wright`, n.

Defn: One who makes or repairs plows.

PLOY
Ploy, n.

Defn: Sport; frolic. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

PLOY
Ploy, v. i. Etym: [Prob. abbrev. fr. deploy.] (Mil.)

Defn: To form a column from a line of troops on some designated
subdivision; -- the opposite of deploy. Wilhelm.

PLOYMENT
Ploy"ment, n. (Mil.)

Defn: The act or movement of forming a column from a line of troops
on some designated subdivision; -- the opposite of deployment.

PLUCK
Pluck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plucked; p. pr. & vb. n. Plucking.] Etym:
[AS. pluccian; akin to LG. & D. plukken, G. pflücken, Icel. plokka,
plukka, Dan. plukke, Sw. plocka.

1. To pull; to draw.
Its own nature . . . plucks on its own dissolution. Je

2. Especially, to pull with sudden force or effort, or to pull off or
out from something, with a twitch; to twitch; also, to gather, to
pick; as, to pluck feathers from a fowl; to pluck hair or wool from a
skin; to pluck grapes.
I come to pluck your berries harsh and crude. Milton.
E'en children followed, with endearing wile, And plucked his gown to
share the good man's smile. Goldsmith.

3. To strip of, or as of, feathers; as, to pluck a fowl.
They which pass by the way do pluck her. Ps. lxxx.

4. (Eng. Universities)

Defn: To reject at an examination for degrees. C. Bronté. To pluck
away, to pull away, or to separate by pulling; to tear away.
 -- To pluck down, to pull down; to demolish; to reduce to a lower
state.
 -- to pluck off, to pull or tear off; as, to pluck off the skin.
 -- to pluck up. (a) To tear up by the roots or from the foundation;
to eradicate; to exterminate; to destroy; as, to pluck up a plant; to
pluk up a nation. Jer. xii. 17. (b) To gather up; to summon; as, to
pluck up courage.

PLUCK
Pluck, v. i.

Defn: To make a motion of pulling or twitching; -- usually with at;
as, to pluck at one's gown.

PLUCK
Pluck, n.

1. The act of plucking; a pull; a twitch.

2. Etym: [Prob. so called as being plucked out after the animal is
killed; or cf. Gael. & Ir. pluc a lump, a knot, a bunch.]

Defn: The heart, liver, and lights of an animal.

3. Spirit; courage; indomitable resolution; fortitude.
Decay of English spirit, decay of manly pluck. Thackeray.

4. The act of plucking, or the state of being plucked, at college.
See Pluck, v. t., 4.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lyrie. [Prov. Eng.]

PLUCKED
Plucked, a.

Defn: Having courage and spirit. [R.]

PLUCKER
Pluck"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, plucks.
Thou setter up and plucker down of kings. Shak.

2. A machine for straightening and cleaning wool.

PLUCKER TUBE
Plück"er tube. [So named after Julius Plücker, a German physicist.]
(Physics)
 (a) A vacuum tube, used in spectrum analysis, in which the part
through which the discharge takes place is a capillary tube, thus
producing intense incandescence of the contained gases.
 (b) Crookes tube.

PLUCKILY
Pluck"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a plucky manner.

PLUCKINESS
Pluck"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being plucky.

PLUCKLESS
Pluck"less, a.

Defn: Without pluck; timid; faint-hearted.

PLUCKY
Pluck"y, a. [Compar. Pluckier; superl. Pluckiest.]

Defn: Having pluck or courage; characterized by pluck; displaying
pluck; courageous; spirited; as, a plucky race.
If you're plucky, and not over subject to fright. Barham.

PLUFF
Pluff, v. t. Etym: [Prob. of imitative origin.]

Defn: To throw out, as smoke, dust, etc., in puffs. [Scot.]

PLUFF
Pluff, n.

1. A puff, as of smoke from a pipe, or of dust from a puffball; a
slight explosion, as of a small quantity of gunpowder. [Scot.]

2. A hairdresser's powder puff; also, the act of using it. [Scot.]

PLUG
Plug, n. Etym: [Akin to D. plug, G. pflock, Dan. plök, plug, Sw.
plugg; cf. W. ploc.]

1. Any piece of wood, metal, or other substance used to stop or fill
a hole; a stopple.

2. A flat oblong cake of pressed tobacco. [U. S.]

3. A high, tapering silk hat. [Slang, U.S.]

4. A worthless horse. [Slang, U.S.]

5. (Building)

Defn: A block of wood let into a wall, to afford a hold for nails.
Fire plug, a street hydrant to which hose may be attached. [U. S.] --
Hawse plug (Naut.), a plug to stop a hawse hole.
 -- Plug and feather. (Stone Working) See Feather, n., 7.
 -- Plug centerbit, a centerbit ending in a small cylinder instead of
a point, so as to follow and enlarge a hole previously made, or to
form a counterbore around it.
 -- Plug rod (Steam Eng.) , a rod attached to the beam for working
the valves, as in the Cornish engine.
 -- Plug valve (Mech.), a tapering valve, which turns in a case like
the plug of a faucet.

PLUG
Plug, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plugged; p. pr. & vb. n. Plugging.]

Defn: To stop with a plug; to make tight by stopping a hole.

PLUG BOARD
Plug board. (Elec.)

Defn: A switchboard in which connections are made by means of plugs.

PLUGGER
Plug"ger, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, plugs.

PLUGGING
Plug"ging, n.

1. The act of stopping with a plug.

2. The material of which a plug or stopple is made.

PLUM
Plum, n. Etym: [AS.plume, fr. L. prunum; akin to Gr. Prune a dried
plum.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The edible drupaceous fruit of the Prunus domestica, and of
several other species of Prunus; also, the tree itself, usually
called plum tree.
The bullace, the damson, and the numerous varieties of plum, of our
gardens, although growing into thornless trees, are believed to be
varieties of the blackthorn, produced by long cultivation. G.
Bentham.
are in bold format, like collocations.

Note: Two or three hundred varieties of plums derived from the Prunus
domestica are described; among them the greengage, the Orleans, the
purple gage, or Reine Claude Violette, and the German prune, are some
of the best known.

Note: Among the true plums are; Beach plum, the Prunus maritima, and
its crimson or purple globular drupes, -- Bullace plum. See Bullace.
 -- Chickasaw plum, the American Prunus Chicasa, and its round red
drupes.
 -- Orleans plum, a dark reddish purple plum of medium size, much
grown in England for sale in the markets.
 -- Wild plum of America, Prunus Americana, with red or yellow fruit,
the original of the Iowa plum and several other varieties. Among
plants called plum, but of other genera than Prunus, are; Australian
plum, Cargillia arborea and C. australis, of the same family with the
persimmon.
 -- Blood plum, the West African Hæmatostaphes Barteri.
 -- Cocoa plum, the Spanish nectarine. See under Nectarine.
 -- Date plum. See under Date.
 -- Gingerbread plum, the West African Parinarium macrophyllum.
 -- Gopher plum, the Ogeechee lime.
 -- Gray plum, Guinea plum. See under Guinea.
 -- Indian plum, several species of Flacourtia.

2. A grape dried in the sun; a raisin.

3. A handsome fortune or property; formerly, in cant language, the
sum of £100,000 sterling; also, the person possessing it. Plum bird,
Plum budder (Zoöl.), the European bullfinch.
 -- Plum gouger (Zoöl.), a weevil, or curculio (Coccotorus
scutellaris), which destroys plums. It makes round holes in the pulp,
for the reception of its eggs. The larva bores into the stone and
eats the kernel.
 -- Plum weevil (Zoöl.), an American weevil which is very destructive
to plums, nectarines cherries, and many other stone fruits. It lays
its eggs in crescent-shaped incisions made with its jaws. The larva
lives upon the pulp around the stone. Called also turk, and plum
curculio. See Illust. under Curculio.

PLUMA
Plu"ma, n.; pl. Plumæ. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A feather.

PLUMAGE
Plum"age, n. Etym: [F., from plume a feather.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The entire clothing of a bird.

Note: It consist of the contour feathers, or the ordinary feathers
covering the head, neck, and body; the tail feathers, with their
upper and lower coverts; the wing feathers, including primaries,
secondaries, and tertiaries, with their coverts; and the down which
lies beneath the contour feathers. See Illust. under Bird.

PLUMASSARY
Plu*mas"sa*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. plumasseau.]

Defn: A plume or collection of ornamental feathers.

PLUMASSIER
Plu`mas`sier", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: One who prepares or deals in ornamental plumes or feathers.

PLUMB
Plumb, n. Etym: [F. plomb, L. plumbum lead, a leaden ball or bullet;
cf. Gr. Plummet, Plunge.]

Defn: A little mass or weight of lead, or the like, attached to a
line, and used by builders, etc., to indicate a vertical direction; a
plummet; a plumb bob. See Plumb line, below. Plumb bob. See Bob, 4.
 -- Plumb joint, in sheet-metal work, a lap joint, fastened by
solder.
 -- Plumb level. See under Level.
 -- Plumb line. (a) The cord by which a plumb bob is suspended; a
plummet. (b) A line directed to the center of gravity of the earth.
 -- Plumb rule, a narrow board with a plumb line, used by builders
and carpenters.

PLUMB
Plumb, a.

Defn: Perpendicular; vertical; conforming the direction of a line
attached to a plumb; as, the wall is plumb.

PLUMB
Plumb, adv.

Defn: In a plumb direction; perpendicularly. "Plumb down he falls."
Milton.

PLUMB
Plumb, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plumbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Plumbing.]

1. To adjust by a plumb line; to cause to be perpendicular; as, to
plumb a building or a wall.

2. To sound with a plumb or plummet, as the depth of water; hence, to
examine by test; to ascertain the depth, quality, dimension, etc.; to
sound; to fathom; to test.
He did not attempt to plumb his intellect. Ld. Lytton.

3. To seal with lead; as, to plumb a drainpipe.

4. To supply, as a building, with a system of plumbing.

PLUMBAGE
Plumb"age, n.

Defn: Leadwork [R.]

PLUMBAGIN
Plum*ba"gin, n. Etym: [L. plumbago leadwort, fr. plumbum lead; cf. F.
plombagin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline substance said to be found in the root of a
certain plant of the Leadwort (Plumbago) family.

PLUMBAGINEOUS
Plum`ba*gin"e*ous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to natural order (Plumbagineæ) of gamopetalous
herbs, of which plumbago is the type. The order includes also the
marsh rosemary, the thrift, and a few other genera.

PLUMBAGINOUS
Plum*bag"i*nous, a.

Defn: Resembling plumbago; consisting of, or containing, plumbago;
as, a plumbaginous slate.

PLUMBAGO
Plum*ba"go, n. Etym: [L., from plumbum lead.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Graphite.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbaceous plants with pretty salver-shaped
corollas, usually blue or violet; leadwort.

PLUMBEAN; PLUMBEOUS
Plum"be*an, Plum"be*ous, a. Etym: [L. plumbeus, from plumbum the
metal lead.]

1. Consisting of, or resembling, lead. J. Ellis.

2. Dull; heavy; stupid. [R.] J. P. Smith.

PLUMBER
Plumb"er, n. Etym: [F. plombier. See Plumb.]

Defn: One who works in lead; esp., one who furnishes, fits, and
repairs lead, iron, or glass pipes, and other apparatus for the
conveyance of water, gas, or drainage in buildings.

PLUMBER BLOCK
Plumb"er block`.

Defn: A pillow block.

PLUMBERY
Plumb"er*y, n. Etym: [F. plomberie.]

1. The business of a plumber. [Obs.]

2. A place where plumbing is carried on; lead works.

PLUMBIC
Plum"bic, a. Etym: [From Plumbum.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, resembling, or containing, lead; -- used
specifically to designate those compounds in which it has a higher
valence as contrasted with plumbous compounds; as, plumbic oxide.

PLUMBIFEROUS
Plum*bif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Plumbum + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing or containing lead. Kirwan.

PLUMBING
Plumb"ing, n.

1. The art of casting and working in lead, and applying it to
building purposes; especially, the business of furnishing, fitting,
and repairing pipes for conducting water, sewage, etc. Gwilt.

2. The lead or iron pipes, and other apparatus, used in conveying
water, sewage, etc., in a building.

PLUMBISM
Plum"bism, n. Etym: [From Plumbum.] (Med.)

Defn: A diseased condition, produced by the absorption of lead,
common among workers in this metal or in its compounds, as among
painters, typesetters, etc. It is characterized by various symptoms,
as lead colic, lead line, and wrist drop. See under Colic, Lead, and
Wrist.

PLUMBOUS
Plum"bous, a. Etym: [From Plumbum.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, lead; -- used specifically to
designate those compounds in which it has a lower valence as
contrasted with plumbic compounds.

PLUMBUM
Plum"bum, n. Etym: [L.] (Chem.)

Defn: The technical name of lead. See Lead.

PLUMCOT
Plum"cot, n.  [Plum + apricot.] (Hort.)

Defn: A cross between the plum and apricot.

PLUME
Plume, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. pluma. Cf. Fly, v.]

1. A feather; esp., a soft, downy feather, or a long, conspicuous, or
handsome feather.
Wings . . . of many a colored plume. Milton.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An ornamental tuft of feathers.

3. A feather, or group of feathers, worn as an ornament; a waving
ornament of hair, or other material resembling feathers.
His high plume, that nodded o'er his head. Dryden.

4. A token of honor or prowess; that on which one prides himself; a
prize or reward. "Ambitious to win from me some plume." Milton.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: A large and flexible panicle of inflorescence resembling a
feather, such as is seen in certain large ornamental grasses. Plume
bird (Zoöl.), any bird that yields ornamental plumes, especially the
species of Epimarchus from New Guinea, and some of the herons and
egrets, as the white heron of Florida (Ardea candidissima).
 -- Plume grass. (Bot) (a) A kind of grass (Erianthus saccharoides)
with the spikelets arranged in great silky plumes, growing in swamps
in the Southern United States. (b) The still finer E. Ravennæ from
the Mediterranean region. The name is sometimes extended to the whole
genus.
 -- Plume moth (Zoöl.), any one of numerous small, slender moths,
belonging to the family Pterophoridæ. Most of them have the wings
deeply divided into two or more plumelike lobes. Some species are
injurious to the grapevine.
 -- Plume nutmeg (Bot.), an aromatic Australian tree (Atherosperma
moschata), whose numerous carpels are tipped with long plumose
persistent styles.

PLUME
Plume, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plumed; p. pr. & vb. n. Pluming.] Etym:
[Cf. F. plumer to pluck, to strip, L. plumare to cover with
feathers.]

1. To pick and adjust the plumes or feathers of; to dress or prink.
Pluming her wings among the breezy bowers. W. Irving.

2. To strip of feathers; to pluck; to strip; to pillage; also, to
peel. [Obs.] Bacon. Dryden.

3. To adorn with feathers or plumes. "Farewell the plumed troop."
Shak.

4. To pride; to vaunt; to boast; -- used reflexively; as, he plumes
himself on his skill. South. Plumed adder (Zoöl.), an African viper
(Vipera, or Clotho, cornuta), having a plumelike structure over each
eye. It is venomous, and is related to the African puff adder. Called
also horned viper and hornsman.
 -- Plumed partridge (Zoöl.), the California mountain quail (Oreortyx
pictus). See Mountain quail, under Mountain.

PLUMELESS
Plume"less, a.

Defn: Without plumes.

PLUMELET
Plume"let, n. Etym: [Plume + -let.]

Defn: A small plume.
When rosy plumelets tuft the larch. Tennyson.

PLUMERY
Plum"er*y, n.

Defn: Plumes, collectively or in general; plumage. [R.] Southey.

PLUMICORN
Plu"mi*corn, n. Etym: [L. pluma feather + cornu horn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An ear tuft of feathers, as in the horned owls.

PLUMIGEROUS
Plu*mig"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. plumiger; pluma a feather + gerere to
bear.]

Defn: Feathered; having feathers. Bailey

PLUMILIFORM
Plu*mil"i*form, a. Etym: [L. plumula, or plumella a little feather
(dim. of pluma feather) + -form.]

Defn: Having the of a plume or feather. [R.]

PLUMIPED
Plu"mi*ped, a. Etym: [L. plumipes, -edis; pluma a feather + pes: cf.
F. plumipède.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having feet covered with feathers.
 -- n.

Defn: A plumiped bird.

PLUMMET
Plum"met, n. Etym: [OE. plommet, OF. plommet, fr. plom, plum, lead,
F. plomb. See Plumb.]

1. A piece of lead attached to a line, used in sounding the depth of
water.
I'll sink him deeper than e'er plummet sounded. Shak.

2. A plumb bob or a plumb line. See under Plumb, n.

3. Hence, any weight.

4. A piece of lead formerly used by school children to rule paper for
writing. Plummet line, a line with a plummet; a sounding line.

PLUMMING
Plum"ming, n. Etym: [See Plumb.] (Min.)

Defn: The operation of finding, by means of a mine dial, the place
where to sink an air shaft, or to bring an adit to the work, or to
find which way the lode inclines.

PLUMMY
Plum"my, a. Etym: [From Plum.]

Defn: Of the nature of a plum; desirable; profitable; advantageous.
[Colloq.] "For the sake of getting something plummy." G. Eliot.

PLUMOSE; PLUMOUS
Plu*mose", Plu"mous, a. Etym: [L. plumosus, fr. pluma feather: cf. F.
plumeux.]

1. Having feathers or plumes.

2. Having hairs, or other párts, arranged along an axis like a
feather; feathery; plumelike; as, a plumose leaf; plumose tentacles.

PLUMOSITE
Plu"mo*site, n. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Jamesonite.

PLUMOSITY
Plu*mos"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being plumose.

PLUMP
Plump, a. [Compar. Plumper; superl. Plumpest.] Etym: [OE. plomp rude,
clumsy; akin to D. plomp, G., Dan., & Sw. plump; probably of
imitative origin. Cf. Plump, adv.]

Defn: Well rounded or filled out; full; fleshy; fat; as, a plump
baby; plump cheeks. Shak.
The god of wine did his plump clusters bring. T. Carew.

PLUMP
Plump, n.

Defn: A knot; a cluster; a group; a crowd; a flock; as, a plump of
trees, fowls, or spears. [Obs.]
To visit islands and the plumps of men. Chapman.

PLUMP
Plump, v. i. Etym: [Cf. D. plompen, G. plumpen, Sw. plumpa, Dan.
plumpe. See Plump, a.]

1. To grow plump; to swell out; as, her cheeks have plumped.

2. To drop or fall suddenly or heavily, all at once."Dulcissa plumps
into a chair." Spectator.

3. To give a plumper. See Plumper, 2.

PLUMP
Plump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Plumping.]

1. To make plump; to fill (out) or support; -- often with up.plump up
the pillows
To plump up the hollowness of their history with improbable miracles.
Fuller.

2. To cast or let drop all at once, suddenly and heavily; as, to
plump a stone into water.

3. To give (a vote), as a plumper. See Plumper, 2.

PLUMP
Plump, adv. Etym: [Cf. D. plomp, interj., G. plump, plumps. Cf.
Plump, a. &v.]

Defn: Directly; suddenly; perpendicularly. "Fall plump." Beau. & Fl.

PLUMPER
Plump"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, plumps or swells out something else;
hence, something carried in the mouth to distend the cheeks.

2. (English Elections)

Defn: A vote given to one candidate only, when two or more are to be
elected, thus giving him the advantage over the others. A person who
gives his vote thus is said to plump, or to plump his vote.

3. A voter who plumps his vote. [Eng.]

4. A downright, unqualified lie. [Colloq. or Low]

PLUMPLY
Plump"ly, adv.

Defn: Fully; roundly; plainly; without reserve. [Colloq.]

PLUMPNESS
Plump"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being plump.

PLUMPY
Plump"y, a.

Defn: Plump; fat; sleek. "Plumpy Bacchus." Shak.

PLUMULA
Plu"mu*la, n.; pl. L. Plumule, E.-las. Etym: [L. See Plumule.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plumule.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A down feather.

PLUMULACEOUS
Plu`mu*la"ceous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Downy; bearing down.

PLUMULAR
Plu"mu*lar, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Relating to a plumule.

PLUMULARIA
Plu`mu*la"ri*a, n.; pl. L. Plumularlæ, E. Plumularias. Etym: [NL.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any hydroid belonging to Plumularia and other genera of the
family Plumularidæ. They generally grow in plumelike forms.

PLUMULARIAN
Plu`mu*la"ri*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any Plumularia. Also used adjectively.

PLUMULE
Plu"mule, n. Etym: [L. plumula, dim. of pluma a feather; cf. F.
plumule.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The first bud, or gemmule, of a young plant; the bud, or
growing point, of the embryo, above the cotyledons. See Illust. of
Radicle. Gray.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A down feather.
(b) The aftershaft of a feather. See Illust. under Feather.
(c) One of the featherlike scales of certain male butterflies.

PLUMULOSE
Plu"mu*lose", a.

Defn: Having hairs branching out laterally, like the parts of a
feather.

PLUMY
Plum"y, a.

Defn: Covered or adorned with plumes, or as with plumes; feathery.
"His plumy crest." Addison. "The plumy trees." J. S. Blackie.

PLUNDER
Plun"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plundered; p. pr. & vb. n. Plundering.]
Etym: [G. plündern to plunder, plunder frippery, baggage.]

1. To take the goods of by force, or without right; to pillage; to
spoil; to sack; to strip; to rob; as, to plunder travelers.
Nebuchadnezzar plunders the temple of God. South.

2. To take by pillage; to appropriate forcibly; as, the enemy
plundered all the goods they found.

Syn.
 -- To pillage; despoil; sack; rifle; strip; rob.

PLUNDER
Plun"der, n.

1. The act of plundering or pillaging; robbery. See Syn. of Pillage.
Inroads and plunders of the Saracens. Sir T. North.

2. That which is taken by open force from an enemy; pillage; spoil;
booty; also, that which is taken by theft or fraud. "He shared in the
plunder." Cowper.

3. Personal property and effects; baggage or luggage. [Slang,
Southwestern U.S.]

PLUNDERAGE
Plun"der*age, n. (Mar. Law)

Defn: The embezzlement of goods on shipboard. Wharton.

PLUNDERER
Plun"der*er, n.

Defn: One who plunders or pillages.

PLUNGE
Plunge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plunged; p. pr. & vb. n. Plunging.] Etym:
[OE. ploungen, OF. plongier, F. plonger, fr. (assumed) LL.
plumbicare, fr. L. plumbum lead. See Plumb.]

1. To thrust into water, or into any substance that is penetrable; to
immerse; to cause to penetrate or enter quickly and forcibly; to
thrust; as, to plunge the body into water; to plunge a dagger into
the breast. Also used figuratively; as, to plunge a nation into war.
"To plunge the boy in pleasing sleep." Dryden.
Bound and plunged him into a cell. Tennyson.
We shall be plunged into perpetual errors. I. Watts.

2. To baptize by immersion.

3. To entangle; to embarrass; to overcome. [Obs.]
Plunged and graveled with three lines of Seneca. Sir T. Browne.

PLUNGE
Plunge, v. i.

1. To thrust or cast one's self into water or other fluid; to
submerge one's self; to dive, or to rush in; as, he plunged into the
river. Also used figuratively; as, to plunge into debt.
Forced to plunge naked in the raging sea. Dryden.
To plunge into guilt of a murther. Tillotson.

2. To pitch or throw one's self headlong or violently forward, as a
horse does.
Some wild colt, which . . . flings and plunges. Bp. Hall.

3. To bet heavily and with seeming recklessness on a race, or other
contest; in an extended sense, to risk large sums in hazardous
speculations. [Cant] Plunging fire (Gun.), firing directed upon an
enemy from an elevated position.

PLUNGE
Plunge, n.

1. The act of thrusting into or submerging; a dive, leap, rush, or
pitch into, or as into, water; as, to take the water with a plunge.

2. Hence, a desperate hazard or act; a state of being submerged or
overwhelmed with difficulties. [R.]
She was brought to that plunge, to conceal her husband's murder or
accuse her son. Sir P. Sidney.
And with thou not reach out a friendly arm, To raise me from amidst
this plunge of sorrows Addison.

3. The act of pitching or throwing one's self headlong or violently
forward, like an unruly horse.

4. Heavy and reckless betting in horse racing; hazardous speculation.
[Cant] Plunge bath, an immersion by plunging; also, a large bath in
which the bather can wholly immerse himself.
 -- Plunge, or plunging, battery (Elec.), a voltaic battery so
arranged that the plates can be plunged into, or withdrawn from, the
exciting liquid at pleasure.

PLUNGER
Plun"ger, n.

1. One who, or that which, plunges; a diver.

2. A long solid cylinder, used, instead of a piston or bucket, as a
forcer in pumps.

3. One who bets heavily and recklessly on a race; a reckless
speculator. [Cant]

4. (Pottery)

Defn: A boiler in which clay is beaten by a wheel to a creamy
consistence. Knight.

5. (Gun.)

Defn: The firing pin of a breechloader. Plunger bucket, a piston,
without a valve, in a pump.
 -- Plunger pole, the pump rod of a pumping engine.
 -- Plunger pump, a pump, as for water, having a plunger, instead of
a piston, to act upon the water. It may be single-acting or double-
acting

PLUNK
Plunk, v. t. [Imitative.] [Chiefly Colloq.]

1. To pluck and release quickly (a musical string); to twang.

2.  To throw, push, drive heavily, plumply, or suddenly; as, to plunk
down a dollar; also, to hit or strike.

3.  To be a truant from (school). [Scot.]

PLUNK
Plunk, n.

1. Act or sound of plunking. [Colloq.]

2.  [Slang]
 (a) A large sum of money. [Obs.]
 (b) A dollar. [U. S.]

PLUNK
Plunk, v. i.  [Chiefly Colloq.]

1. To make a quick, hollow, metallic, or harsh sound, as by pulling
hard on a taut string and quickly releasing it; of a raven, to croak.

2.  To drop or sink down suddenly or heavily; to plump.

3.  To play truant, or "hooky". [Scot.]

PLUNKET
Plun"ket, n.

Defn: A kind of blue color; also, anciently, a kind of cloth,
generally blue.

PLUPERFECT
Plu"per`fect, a. Etym: [L. plus more + perfectus perfect; cf. F.
plus-que-parfait, L. plusquamperfectum.]

Defn: More than perfect; past perfect; -- said of the tense which
denotes that an action or event was completed at or before the time
of another past action or event.
 -- n.

Defn: The pluperfect tense; also, a verb in the pluperfect tense.

PLURAL
Plu"ral, a Etym: [L. pluralis, from plus, pluris, more; cf. F.
pluriel, OF. plurel. See Plus.]

Defn: Relating to, or containing, more than one; designating two or
more; as, a plural word.
Plural faith, which is too much by one. Shak.
Plural number (Gram.), the number which designates more than one. See
Number, n., 8.

PLURAL
Plu"ral, n. (Gram.)

Defn: The plural number; that form of a word which expresses or
denotes more than one; a word in the plural form.

PLURALISM
Plu"ral*ism, n.

1. The quality or state of being plural, or in the plural number.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: The state of a pluralist; the holding of more than one
ecclesiastical living at a time. [Eng.]

PLURALIST
Plu"ral*ist, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: A clerk or clergyman who holds more than one ecclesiastical
benefice. [Eng.]
Of the parochial clergy, a large proportion were pluralists.
Macaulay.

PLURALITY
Plu*ral"i*ty, n.; pl. pluralities. Etym: [L. pluralitas: cf. F.
pluralité.]

1. The state of being plural, or consisting of more than one; a
number consisting of two or more of the same kind; as, a plurality of
worlds; the plurality of a verb.

2. The greater number; a majority; also, the greatest of several
numbers; in elections, the excess of the votes given for one
candidate over those given for another, or for any other, candidate.
When there are more than two candidates, the one who receives the
plurality of votes may have less than a majority. See Majority.
Take the plurality of the world, and they are neither wise nor good.
L'Estrange.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: See Plurality of benefices, below. Plurality of benefices
(Eccl.), the possession by one clergyman of more than one benefice or
living. Each benefice thus held is called a plurality. [Eng.]

PLURALIZATION
Plu`ral*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of pluralizing. H. Spencer.

PLURALIZE
Plu"ral*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pluralized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pluralizing.]

1. To make plural by using the plural termination; to attribute
plurality to; to express in the plural form.

2. To multiply; to make manifold. [R.]

PLURALIZE
Plu"ral*ize, v. i.

1. To take a plural; to assume a plural form; as, a noun pluralizes.
Earle.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: To hold more than one benefice at the same time. [Eng.]

PLURALIZER
Plu"ral*i`zer, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: A pluralist. [R.]

PLURALLY
Plu"ral*ly, adv.

Defn: In a plural manner or sense.

PLURI-
Plu"ri-. Etym: [See Plus.]

Defn: A combining form from L. plus, pluris, more, many; as
pluriliteral.

PLURIES
Plu"ri*es, n. Etym: [So called from L. pluries many times, often,
which occurs in the first clause.] (Law)

Defn: A writ issued in the third place, after two former writs have
been disregarded. Mozley & W.

PLURIFARIOUS
Plu`ri*fa"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. plurifarius, fr. L. plus, pluris,
many. Cf. Bifarious.]

Defn: Of many kinds or fashions; multifarious.

PLURIFOLIOLATE
Plu`ri*fo"li*o*late, a. Etym: [Pluri- + foliolate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having several or many leaflets.

PLURILITERAL
Plu`ri*lit"er*al, a. Etym: [Pluri- + literal.]

Defn: Consisting of more letters than three.
 -- n.

Defn: A pluriliteral word.

PLURILOCULAR
Plu`ri*loc"u*lar, a. Etym: [Pluri- + locular.]

Defn: Having several cells or loculi; specifically (Bot.),

Defn: having several divisions containing seeds; as, the lemon and
the orange are plurilocular fruits. Plurilocular sporangia (Bot.),
many-celled sporangia, each cell containing a single spore, as in
many algæ.

PLURIPAROUS
Plu*rip"a*rous, a. Etym: [Pluri- + L. parere to bring forth.]

Defn: Producing several young at a birth; as, a pluriparous animal.

PLURIPARTITE
Plu`ri*par"tite, a. Etym: [Pluri- + partite.] (Bot.)

Defn: Deeply divided into several portions.

PLURIPRESENCE
Plu`ri*pres"ence, n. Etym: [Pluri- + presence.]

Defn: Presence in more places than one. [R.] Johnson.

PLURISY
Plu"ri*sy, n. Etym: [L. plus, pluris, more.]

Defn: Superabundance; excess; plethora. [Obs.] Shak.

PLUS
Plus, a. Etym: [L., more; akin to Gr. full. See Full, a., and cf.
Più, Pleonasm.]

1. (Math.)

Defn: More, required to be added; positive, as distinguished from
negative; -- opposed to Ant: minus.

2. Hence, in a literary sense, additional; real; actual.
Success goes invariably with a certain plus or positive power.
Emerson.
Plus sign (Math.), the sign (+) which denotes addition, or a positive
quantity.

PLUSH
Plush, n. Etym: [F. pluche, peluche (cf. It. peluzzo), fr. L. pilus
hair. See pile hair, and cf. Peruke.]

Defn: A textile fabric with a nap or shag on one side, longer and
softer than the nap of velvet. Cowper.

PLUSHY
Plush"y, a.

Defn: Like plush; soft and shaggy. H. Kingsley.

PLUTARCHY
Plu"tar*chy, n. Etym: [Gr. -archy.]

Defn: Plutocracy; the rule of wealth. [R.]

PLUTEAL
Plu"te*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pluteus.

PLUTEUS
Plu"te*us, n.; pl. L. Plutei, E. Pluteuses. Etym: [L., a shed.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The free-swimming larva of sea urchins and ophiurans, having
several long stiff processes inclosing calcareous rods.

PLUTO
Plu"to, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The son of Saturn and Rhea, brother of Jupiter and Neptune; the
dark and gloomy god of the Lower World. Pluto monkey (Zoöl.), a long-
tailed African monkey (Cercopithecus pluto), having side whiskers.
The general color is black, more or less grizzled; the frontal band
is white.

PLUTOCRACY
Plu*toc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Gr. plutocratie.]

Defn: A form of government in which the supreme power is lodged in
the hands of the wealthy classes; government by the rich; also, a
controlling or influential class of rich men.

PLUTOCRAT
Plu"to*crat, n.

Defn: One whose wealth gives him power or influence; one of the
plutocracy.

PLUTOCRATIC
Plu`to*crat"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to plutocracy; as, plutocratic ideas. Bagehot.

PLUTOLOGY
Plu*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of wealth.

PLUTONIAN
Plu*to"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Plutonius, Gr. plutonien.]

Defn: Plutonic. Poe.

PLUTONIAN
Plu*to"ni*an, n. (Geol.)

Defn: A Plutonist.

PLUTONIC
Plu*ton"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. plutonique. See Pluto.]

1. Of or pertaining to Pluto; Plutonian; hence, pertaining to the
interior of the earth; subterranean.

2. Of, pertaining to, or designating, the system of the Plutonists;
igneous; as, the Plutonic theory. Plutonic action (Geol.), the
influence of volcanic heat and other subterranean forces under
pressure.
 -- Plutonic rocks (Geol.), granite, porphyry, and some other igneous
rocks, supposed to have consolidated from a melted state at a great
depth from the surface. Cf. Intrusive rocks, under Intrusive.
 -- Plutonic theory. (Geol.) See Plutonism.

PLUTONISM
Plu"to*nism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. plutonisme.]

Defn: The theory, early advanced in geology, that the successive
rocks of the earth''s crust were formed by igneous fusion; -- opposed
to the Neptunian theory.

PLUTONIST
Plu"to*nist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. plutoniste.]

Defn: One who adopts the geological theory of igneous fusion; a
Plutonian. See Plutonism.

PLUTUS
Plu"tus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The son of Jason and Ceres, and the god of wealth. He was
represented as bearing a cornucopia, and as blind, because his gifts
were bestowed without discrimination of merit.

PLUVIAL
Plu"vi*al, a. Etym: [L. pluvialis, fr. pluvia rain: cf. F. pluvial.
See Plover.]

1. Of or pertaining to rain; rainy. [R.]

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Produced by the action of rain.

PLUVIAL
Plu"vi*al, n. Etym: [LL. pluviale a garment which keeps off the rain:
cf. F. pluvial.]

Defn: A priest's cope.

PLUVIAMETER
Plu`vi*am"e*ter, n.

Defn: See Pluviometer.

PLUVIAMETRICAL
Plu`vi*a*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: See Pluviometrical.

PLUVIAN
Plu"vi*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crocodile bird.

PLUVIOGRAPH
Plu"vi*o*graph, n. [L. pluvia rain + -graph.]

Defn: A self-registering rain gauge.

PLUVIOGRAPHY
Plu`vi*og"ra*phy, n. [L. pluvia rain + -graphy.]

Defn: The branch of meteorology treating of the automatic
registration of the precipitation of rain, snow, etc.; also, the
graphic presentation of precipitation data.

PLUVIOMETER
Plu`vi*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. pluvia rain + -meter: cf. F.
pluviomètre.]

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the amount of rainfall at any
place in a given time; a rain gauge.

PLUVIOMETRICAL
Plu`vi*o*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pluviométrique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pluviometer; determined by a pluviometer.

PLUVIOMETRY
Plu`vi*om"e*try, n. [L. pluvia rain + -metry.]

Defn: That department of meteorology that treats of the measurement
of the precipitation of rain, snow, etc.

PLUVIOSCOPE
Plu"vi*o*scope, n. [L. pluvia rain + -scope.]

Defn: A rain gauge.

PLUVIOSE
Plu`vi`ôse", n. Etym: [F. See Pluvious.]

Defn: The fifth month of the French republican calendar adopted in
1793. It began January 20, and ended February 18. See Vendémiaire.

PLUVIOUS
Plu"vi*ous, a. Etym: [L. pluviosus, pluvius, fr. pluvia rain: cf. F.
pluvieux. See Pluvial, a.]

Defn: Abounding in rain; rainy; pluvial. Sir T. Browne.

PLY
Ply, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plied; p. pr. & vb. n. Plying.] Etym: [OE.
plien, F. plier to fold, to bend, fr. L. plicare; akin to Gr.
flechten. Cf. Apply, Complex, Display, Duplicity, Employ, Exploit,
Implicate, Plait, Pliant, Flax.]

1. To bend. [Obs.]
As men may warm wax with handes plie. Chaucer.

2. To lay on closely, or in folds; to work upon steadily, or with
repeated acts; to press upon; to urge importunately; as, to ply one
with questions, with solicitations, or with drink.
And plies him with redoubled strokes Dryden.
He plies the duke at morning and at night. Shak.

3. To employ diligently; to use steadily.
Go ply thy needle; meddle not. Shak.

4. To practice or perform with diligence; to work at.
Their bloody task, unwearied, still they ply. Waller.

PLY
Ply, v. i.

1. To bend; to yield. [Obs.]
It would rather burst atwo than plye. Chaucer.
The willow plied, and gave way to the gust. L'Estrange.

2. To act, go, or work diligently and steadily; especially, to do
something by repeated actions; to go back and forth; as, a steamer
plies between certain ports.
Ere half these authors be read (which will soon be with plying hard
and daily). Milton.
He was forced to ply in the streets as a porter. Addison.
The heavy hammers and mallets plied. Longfellow.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: To work to windward; to beat.

PLY
Ply, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pli, fr. plier. See Ply, v.]

1. A fold; a plait; a turn or twist, as of a cord. Arbuthnot.

2. Bent; turn; direction; bias.
The late learners can not so well take the ply. Bacon.
Boswell, and others of Goldsmith's contemporaries, . . . did not
understand the secret plies of his character. W. Irving.
The czar's mind had taken a strange ply, which it retained to the
last. Macaulay.

Note: Ply is used in composition to designate folds, or the number of
webs interwoven; as, a three-ply carpet.

PLYER
Ply"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, plies; specifically: (a) pl.

Defn: A kind of balance used in raising and letting down a
drawbridge. It consists of timbers joined in the form of a St.
Andrew's cross. (b) pl.

Defn: See Pliers.

PLYGHT
Plyght, v. & n.

Defn: See Plight. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PLYMOUTH BRETHREN
Plym"outh Breth"ren.

Defn: The members of a religious sect which first appeared at
Plymouth, England, about 1830. They protest against sectarianism, and
reject all official ministry or clergy. Also called Brethren,
Christian Brethren, Plymouthists, etc. The Darbyites are a division
of the Brethren.

PNEOMETER
Pne*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A spirometer.

PNEUMATIC; PNEUMATICAL
Pneu*mat"ic, Pneu*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. pneumaticus, Gr. fnehan:
cf. F. pneumatique. Cf. Pneumonia.]

1. Consisting of, or resembling, air; having the properties of an
elastic fluid; gaseous; opposed to dense or solid.
The pneumatical substance being, in some bodies, the native spirit of
the body. Bacon.

2. Of or pertaining to air, or to elastic fluids or their properties;
pertaining to pneumatics; as, pneumatic experiments. "Pneumatical
discoveries." Stewart.

3. Moved or worked by pressure or flow of air; as, a pneumatic
instrument; a pneumatic engine.

4. (Biol.)

Defn: Fitted to contain air; Having cavities filled with air; as,
pneumatic cells; pneumatic bones. Pneumatic action, or Pneumatic
lever (Mus.), a contrivance for overcoming the resistance of the keys
and other movable parts in an organ, by causing compressed air from
the wind chest to move them.
 -- Pneumatic dispatch, a system of tubes, leading to various points,
through which letters, packages, etc., are sent, by the flow and
pressure of air.
 -- Pneumatic elevator, a hoisting machine worked by compressed air.
 -- Pneumatic pile, a tubular pile or cylinder of large diameter sunk
by atmospheric pressure.
 -- Pneumatic pump, an air-exhausting or forcing pump.
 -- Pneumatic railway. See Atmospheric railway, under Atmospheric.
 -- Pneumatic syringe, a stout tube closed at one end, and provided
with a piston, for showing that the heat produced by compressing a
gas will ignite substances.
 -- Pneumatic trough, a trough, generally made of wood or sheet
metal, having a perforated shelf, and used, when filled with water or
mercury, for collecting gases in chemical operations.
 -- Pneumatic tube. See Pneumatic dispatch, above.

PNEUMATICITY
Pneu`ma*tic"i*ty, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The state of being pneumatic, or of having a cavity or cavities
filled with air; as, the pneumaticity of the bones of birds.

PNEUMATICS
Pneu*mat"ics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pneumatique.]

1. That branch of science which treats of the mechanical properties
of air and other elastic fluids, as of their weight, pressure,
elasticity, etc. See Mechanics.

2. (Philos. & Theol.)

Defn: The scientific study or knowledge of spiritual beings and their
relations to God, angels, and men.

PNEUMATO-
Pneu"ma*to-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. wind, air, breath, respiration; as,
pneumatograph, pneumatology.

PNEUMATOCELE
Pneu*mat"o*cele, n. Etym: [Pneumato- + Gr. pneumatocèle.] (Med.)

Defn: A distention of the scrotum by air; also, hernia of the lungs.

PNEUMATOCYST
Pneu*mat"o*cyst, n. Etym: [Pneumato- + cyst.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cyst or sac of a siphonophore, containing air, and serving as
a float, as in Physalia.

PNEUMATOGARM
Pneu*mat"o*garm, n. Etym: [Pneumato- + -gram.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A tracing of the respiratory movements, obtained by a
pneumatograph or stethograph.

PNEUMATOGRAPH
Pneu*mat"o*graph, n. Etym: [Pneumato- + -graph.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for recording the movements of the thorax or
chest wall during respiration; -- also called stethograph.

PNEUMATOLOGICAL
Pneu`ma*to*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pneumatologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to pneumatology.

PNEUMATOLOGIST
Pneu`ma*tol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pneumatologiste.]

Defn: One versed in pneumatology.

PNEUMATOLOGY
Pneu`ma*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Pneumato- + -logy: cf. F. pneumatologie.]

1. The doctrine of, or a treatise on, air and other elastic fluids.
See Pneumatics, 1.

2. (Philos. & Theol.)

Defn: The science of spiritual being or phenomena of any description.

PNEUMATOMETER
Pneu`ma*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Pneumato- + -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the amount of force exerted by the
lungs in respiration.

PNEUMATOMETRY
Pneu`ma*tom"e*try, n.

Defn: See Spirometry.

PNEUMATOPHORE
Pneu*mat"o*phore, n. Etym: [Pneumato- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Pneumonophora.

PNEUMATOTHORAX
Pneu`ma*to*tho"rax, n. Etym: [Pneumato- + thorax.] (Med.)

Defn: See Pneumothorax.

PNEUMO-
Pneu"mo-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. a lung; as, pneumogastric,
pneumology.

PNEUMOCOCCUS
Pneu`mo*coc"cus, n. Etym: [See Pneumo-, and Coccus.] (Biol.)

Defn: A form of micrococcus found in the sputum (and elsewhere) of
persons suffering with pneumonia, and thought to be the cause of this
disease.

PNEUMOGASTRIC
Pneu`mo*gas"tric, a. Etym: [Pneumo- + gastric.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lungs and the stomach.
 -- n.

Defn: The pneumogastric nerve. Pneumogastric nerve (Anat.), one of
the tenth pair of cranial nerves which are distributed to the
pharynx, esophagus, larynx, lungs, heart, stomach, liver, and spleen,
and, in fishes and many amphibia, to the branchial apparatus and also
to the sides of the body.

PNEUMOGRAPH
Pneu"mo*graph, n.

Defn: Same as Pneumatograph.

PNEUMOGRAPHY
Pneu*mog"ra*phy, n Etym: [Pneumo- + -graphy.]

Defn: A description of the lungs. Dunglison.

PNEUMOLOGY
Pneu*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Pneumo- + -logy.] (Anat.)

Defn: The science which treats of the lungs.

PNEUMOMETER
Pneu*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Pneumo- + -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A spirometer.

PNEUMOMETRY
Pneu*mom"e*try, n.

Defn: Measurement of the capacity of the lungs for air. Dunglison.

PNEUMONIA
Pneu*mo"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Pneumatio, Pulmonary.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the lungs.

Note: Catarrhal pneumonia, or Broncho-pneumonia, is inflammation of
the lung tissue, associated with catarrh and with marked evidences of
inflammation of bronchial membranes, often chronic; -- also called
lobular pneumonia, from its affecting single lobules at a time.
 -- Croupous pneumonia, or ordinary pneumonia, is an acute affection
characterized by sudden onset with a chill, high fever, rapid course,
and sudden decline; -- also called lobar pneumonia, from its
affecting a whole lobe of the lung at once. See under Croupous.
 -- Fibroid pneumonia is an inflammation of the interstitial
connective tissue lying between the lobules of the lungs, and is very
slow in its course, producing shrinking and atrophy of the lungs.

PNEUMONIC
Pneu*mon"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. pneumonique.]
(a) Of or pertaining to the lungs; pulmonic.
(b) Of or pertaining to pneumonia; as, pneumonic symptoms.

PNEUMONIC
Pneu*mon"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine for affections of the lungs.

PNEUMONITIC
Pneu`mo*nit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to pneumonitis.

PNEUMONITIS
Pneu`mo*ni"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Pneumo-, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the lungs; pneumonia.

PNEUMONOMETER
Pneu`mo*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [See Pneumo-, and -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A spirometer; a pneumometer.

PNEUMONOPHORA
Pneu`mo*noph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Siphonophora which includes the Physalia and
allied genera; -- called also Pneumatophoræ.

PNEUMONY
Pneu"mo*ny, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pneumonie.]

Defn: See Pneumonia.

PNEUMOOTOKA; PNEUMOOETOKA
Pneu`mo*öt"o*ka, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pneumo-, and Oöticoid.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Sauropsida.

PNEUMOPHORA
Pneu*moph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pneumonophora.] (Zoöl.) (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of holothurians having an internal gill, or
respiratory tree.

PNEUMOSKELETON
Pneu`mo*skel"e*ton, n. Etym: [Pneumo- + skeleton.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A chitinous structure which supports the gill in some
invertebrates.

PNEUMOTHERAPY
Pneu`mo*ther"a*py, n. Etym: [Gr. therapy.] (Med.)

Defn: The treatment of disease by inhalations of compressed or
rarefied air.

PNEUMOTHORAX
Pneu`mo*tho"rax, n. Etym: [Gr. thorax.] (Med.)

Defn: A condition in which air or other gas is present in the cavity
of the chest; -- called also pneumatothorax.

PNIGALION
Pni*ga"li*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Nightmare.

PNYX
Pnyx, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: The place at Athens where the meetings of the people were held
for making decrees, etc.

POA
Po"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of grasses, including a great number of species, as the
kinds called meadow grass, Kentucky blue grass, June grass, and spear
grass (which see).

POACH
Poach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poached; p. pr. & vb. n. Poaching.] Etym:
[F. pocher to place in a pocket, to poach eggs (the yolk of the egg
being as it were pouched in the white), from poche pocket, pouch. See
Pouch, v. &n.]

1. To cook, as eggs, by breaking them into boiling water; also, to
cook with butter after breaking in a vessel. Bacon.

2. To rob of game; to pocket and convey away by stealth, as game;
hence, to plunder. Garth.

POACH
Poach, v. i.

Defn: To steal or pocket game, or to carry it away privately, as in a
bag; to kill or destroy game contrary to law, especially by night; to
hunt or fish unlawfully; as, to poach for rabbits or for salmon.

POACH
Poach, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. pocher to thrust or dig out with the
fingers, to bruise (the eyes), F. pouce thumb, L. pollex, and also E.
poach to cook eggs, to plunder, and poke to thrust against.]

1. To stab; to pierce; to spear, \as fish. [Obs.] Carew.

2. To force, drive, or plunge into anything. [Obs.]
His horse poching one of his legs into some hollow ground. Sir W.
Temple.

3. To make soft or muddy by trampling Tennyson.

4. To begin and not complete. [Obs.] Bacon.

POACH
Poach, v. i.

Defn: To become soft or muddy.
Chalky and clay lands . . . chap in summer, and poach in winter.
Mortimer.

POACHARD
Poach"ard, n. Etym: [From Poach to stab.] [Written also pocard,
pochard.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A common European duck (Aythya ferina); -- called also goldhead,
poker, and fresh-water, or red-headed, widgeon.
(b) The American redhead, which is closely allied to the European
poachard. Red-crested poachard (Zoöl.), an Old World duck (Branta
rufina).
 -- Scaup poachard, the scaup duck.
 -- Tufted poachard, a scaup duck (Aythya, or Fuligula cristata),
native of Europe and Asia.

POACHER
Poach"er, n.

1. One who poaches; one who kills or catches game or fish contrary to
law.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American widgeon. [Local, U.S.] Sea poacher (Zoöl.), the
lyrie.

POACHINESS
Poach"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being poachy; marshiness.

POACHY
Poach"y, a. Etym: [See Poach to stab.]

Defn: Wet and soft; easily penetrated by the feet of cattle; -- said
of land

POAK; POAKE
Poak, Poake, n.

Defn: Waste matter from the preparation of skins, consisting of hair,
lime, oil, etc.

POCAN
Po"can, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The poke (Phytolacca decandra); -- called also pocan bush.

POCHARD
Po"chard, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Poachard.

POCK
Pock, n. Etym: [OE. pokke, AS. pocc, poc; akin to D. pok, G. pocke,
and perh. to E. poke a pocket. Cf. Pox.] (Med.)

Defn: A pustule raised on the surface of the body in variolous and
vaccine diseases.
Of pokkes and of scab every sore. Chaucer.

POCKARRED
Pock"arred, a.

Defn: See Pockmarked. [Obs.]

POCK-BROKEN
Pock"-bro`ken, a.

Defn: Broken out, or marked, with smallpox; pock-fretten.

POCKET
Pock"et, n. Etym: [OE. poket, Prov. F. & OF. poquette, F. pochette,
dim. fr. poque, pouque, F. poche; probably of Teutonic origin. See
Poke a pocket, and cf. Poach to cook eggs, to plunder, and Pouch.]

1. A bag or pouch; especially; a small bag inserted in a garment for
carrying small articles, particularly money; hence, figuratively,
money; wealth.

2. One of several bags attached to a billiard table, into which the
balls are driven.

3. A large bag or sack used in packing various articles, as ginger,
hops, cowries, etc.

Note: In the wool or hop trade, the pocket contains half sack, or
about 168 Ibs.; but it is a variable quantity, the articles being
sold by actual weight.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: A hole or space covered by a movable piece of board, as in a
floor, boxing, partitions, or the like.

5. (Mining.)
(a) A cavity in a rock containing a nugget of gold, or other mineral;
a small body of ore contained in such a cavity.
(b) A hole containing water.

6. (Nat.)

Defn: A strip of canvas, sewn upon a sail so that a batten or a light
spar can placed in the interspace.

7. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pouch.

Note: Pocket is often used adjectively, or in the formation of
compound words usually of obvious signification; as, pocket comb,
pocket compass, pocket edition, pocket handkerchief, pocket money,
pocket picking, or pocket-picking, etc. Out of pocket. See under Out,
prep.
 -- Pocket borough, a borough "owned" by some person. See under
Borough. [Eng.] -- Pocket gopher (Zoöl.), any one of several species
of American rodents of the genera Geomys, and Thomomys, family
Geomydæ. They have large external cheek pouches, and are fossorial in
their habits. they inhabit North America, from the Mississippi Valley
west to the Pacific. Called also pouched gopher.
 -- Pocket mouse (Zoöl.), any species of American mice of the family
Saccomyidæ. They have external cheek pouches. Some of them are
adapted for leaping (genus Dipadomys), and are called kangaroo mice.
They are native of the Southwestern United States, Mexico, etc.
 -- Pocket piece, a piece of money kept in the pocket and not spent.
 -- Pocket pistol, a pistol to be carried in the pocket.
 -- Pocket sheriff (Eng. Law), a sheriff appointed by the sole
authority of the crown, without a nomination by the judges in the
exchequer. Burrill. deep pocket, or deep pockets, wealth or
substantial financial assets.

Note: Used esp. in legal actions, where plaintiffs desire to find a
defendant with "deep pockets", so as to be able to actually obtain
the sum of damages which may be judged due to him. This contrasts
with a "judgment-proof" defendant, one who has neither assets nor
insurance, and against whom a judgment for monetary damages would be
worthless.

POCKET
Pock"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pocketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Pocketing.]

1. To put, or conceal, in the pocket; as, to pocket the change.
He would pocket the expense of the license. Sterne.

2. To take clandestinely or fraudulently.
He pocketed pay in the names of men who had long been dead. Macaulay.
To pocket a ball (Billiards), to drive a ball into a pocket of the
table.
 -- To pocket an insult, affront, etc., to receive an affront without
open resentment, or without seeking redress. "I must pocket up these
wrongs." Shak.

POCKETBOOK
Pock"et*book`, n.

Defn: A small book or case for carrying papers, money, etc., in the
pocket; also, a notebook for the pocket.

POCKETFUL
Pock"et*ful, n.; pl. Pocketfuls (.

Defn: As much as a pocket will hold; enough to fill a pocket; as,
pocketfuls of chestnuts.

POCKETKNIFE
Pock"et*knife`, n.; pl. -knives (.

Defn: A knife with one or more blades, which fold into the handle so
as to admit of being carried in the pocket.

POCKET VETO
Pocket veto.

Defn: The retention by the President of the United States of a bill
unsigned so that it does not become a law, in virtue of the following
constitutional provision (Const. Art. I., sec. 7, cl. 2): "If any
bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays
excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall
be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress
by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not
be a law." Also, an analogous retention of a bill by a State
governor.

POCK-FRETTEN
Pock"-fret`ten, a.

Defn: See Pockmarked.

POCKINESS
Pock"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being pocky.

POCKMARK
Pock"mark, n.

Defn: A mark or pit made by smallpox.

POCKMARKED
Pock"marked`, a.

Defn: Marked by smallpox; pitted.

POCK-PITTED
Pock"-pit`ted, a.

Defn: Pockmarked; pitted.

POCK-PUDDING
Pock"-pud`ding, n.

Defn: A bag pudding; a name of reproach or ridicule formerly applied
by the Scotch to the English.

POCKWOOD
Pock"wood`, n. Etym: [So called because formerly used as a specific
for the pock.] (Bot.)

Defn: Lignum-vitæ.

POCKY
Pock"y, a. [Compar. Pockier; superl. Pockiest.]

Defn: Full of pocks; affected with smallpox or other eruptive
disease. Bp. Hall.

POCO
Po"co, adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A little; -- used chiefly in phrases indicating the time or
movement; as, poco più allegro, a little faster; poco largo, rather
slow. Poco a poco Etym: [It.] (Mus.) Little by little; as, poco a
poco crescendo, gradually increasing in loudness.

POCOCK
Po"cock, n.

Defn: Peacock. [Obs.] Chaucer.

POCOCURANTE
Po`co*cu*ran"te, n. Etym: [It. poco curante caring little.]

Defn: A careless person; a trifler. [R.]

POCOCURANTISM
Po`co*cu*ran"tism. n.

Defn: Carelessness; apathy; indifference. [R.] Carlyle.

POCOSON
Po*co"son, n.

Defn: Low, wooded grounds or swamps in Eastern Maryland and Virginia.
[Written also poquoson.] Washington.

POCULENT
Poc"u*lent, a. Etym: [L. poculentus, fr. poculum a cup.]

Defn: Fit for drink. [Obs.] "Some those herbs which are not esculent,
are . . . poculent." Bacon.

POCULIFORM
Poc"u*li*form, a. Etym: [L. poculum a cup + -form: cf. F.
poculiforme.]

Defn: Having the shape of a goblet or drinking cup.

-POD
-pod. Etym: [See Foot.]

Defn: A combining form or suffix from Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot; as,
decapod, an animal having ten feet; phyllopod, an animal having
leaflike feet; myriapod, hexapod.

POD
Pod, n. Etym: [Probably akin to pudding, and perhaps the same word as
pad a cushion; cf. also Dan. pude pillow, cushion, and also E. cod a
husk, pod.]

1. A bag; a pouch. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A capsule of plant, especially a legume; a dry dehiscent fruit.
See Illust. of Angiospermous.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A considerable number of animals closely clustered together; --
said of seals. Pod auger, or pod bit, an auger or bit the channel of
which is straight instead of twisted.

POD
Pod, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Podded; p. pr. & vb. n. Podding.]

Defn: To swell; to fill; also, to produce pods.

-PODA
-po*da.

Defn: A New Latin plural combining form or suffix from Gr. foot; as,
hexapoda, myriapoda. See -pod.

PODAGRA
Pod"a*gra, n. Etym: [L. See Podagric.] (Med.)

Defn: Gout in the joints of the foot; -- applied also to gout in
other parts of body.

PODAGRIC; PODAGRICAL
Po*dag"ric, Po*dag"ric*al, a. Etym: [L. podagricus, Gr.

1. Pertaining to the gout; gouty; caused by gout.

2. Afflicted with gout. Sir T. Browne.

PODAGROUS
Pod"a*grous, a.

Defn: Gouty; podagric.

PODALGIA
Po*dal"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: pain in the foot, due to gout, rheumatism, etc.

PODARTHRUM
Po*dar"thrum, n.; pl. Podarthra. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The foot joint; in birds, the joint between the metatarsus and
the toes.

PODDED
Pod"ded, a.

Defn: Having pods.

PODDER
Pod"der, n.

Defn: One who collects pods or pulse.

PODESTA
Po*des"ta, n. Etym: [It. podestà, fr. L. potestas power, magistracy.
See Potent.]

1. One of the chief magistrates of the Italian republics in the
Middle Ages. Brande & C.

2. A mayor, alderman, or other magistrate, in some towns of Italy.

PODETIUM
Po*de"ti*um, n.; pl. Podetia, E. Podetiums. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Bot.)

Defn: A stalk which bears the fructification in some lichens, as in
the so-called reindeer moss.

PODGE
Podge, n. Etym: [Cf. G. patsche puddle, mire.]

1. A puddle; a plash. Skinner.

2. Porridge. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

PODGY
Podg"y, a.

Defn: Fat and short; pudgy.

PODICAL
Pod"i*cal a. Etym: [L. podex, podicis, the anus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Anal; -- applied to certain organs of insects.

PODICEPS
Pod"i*ceps, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. podex, podicis, anus + pes foot.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: See Grebe.

PODIUM
Po"di*um, n.; pl. Podia. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Pew.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A low wall, serving as a foundation, a substructure, or a
terrace wall. It is especially employed by archæologists in two
senses:
(a) The dwarf wall surrounding the arena of an amphitheater, from the
top of which the seats began.
(b) The masonry under the stylobate of a temple, sometimes a mere
foundation, sometimes containing chambers. See Illust. of Column.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The foot.

PODLEY
Pod"ley, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young coalfish.

PODO-
Pod"o-. Etym: [See Foot.]

Defn: A combining form or prefix from Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot; as,
podocarp, podocephalous, podology.

PODOBRANCH
Pod"o*branch, n. Etym: [See Podo-, and Branchia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of branchiæ attached to the bases of the legs in Crustacea.

PODOBRANCHIA
Pod`o*bran"chi*a n., pl. Podobranchle. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Podobranch.

PODOCARP
Pod"o*carp, n. Etym: [Podo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A stem, or footstalk, supporting the fruit.

PODOCEPHALOUS
Pod`o*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Podo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a head of flowers on a long peduncle, or footstalk.

PODOGYNIUM
Pod`o*gyn"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot + (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Basigynium

PODOPHTHALMIA
Pod`oph*thal"mi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Podophthalmic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The stalk-eyed Crustacea, -- an order of Crustacea having the
eyes supported on movable stalks. It includes the crabs, lobsters,
and prawns. Called also Podophthalmata, and Decapoda.

PODOPHTHALMIC; PODOPHTHALMOUS
Pod`oph*thal"mic, Pod`oph*thal"mous, a. Etym: [Podo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) Having the eyes on movable footstalks, or pedicels.
(b) Of or pertaining to the Podophthalmia.

PODOPHTHALMITE
Pod`oph*thal"mite, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The eyestalk of a crustacean.

PODOPHYLLIN
Pod`o*phyl"lin, n. Etym: [From Podophyllum.] (Chem.)

Defn: A brown bitter gum extracted from the rootstalk of the May
apple (Podophyllum peltatum). It is a complex mixture of several
substances.

PODOPHYLLOUS
Pod`o*phyl"lous, a.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having thin, flat, leaflike locomotive organs.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or composing, the layer of tissue, made up of
laminæ, beneath a horse's hoof.

PODOPHYLLUM
Pod`o*phyl"lum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot +

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbs of the Barberry family, having large palmately
lobed peltate leaves and solitary flower. There are two species, the
American Podohyllum peltatum, or May apple, the Himalayan P. Emodi.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The rhizome and rootlet of the May apple (Podophyllum
peltatum), -- used as a cathartic drug.

PODOSCAPH
Pod"o*scaph, n. Etym: [Podo- + Gr.

Defn: A canoe-shaped float attached to the foot, for walking on
water.

PODOSPERM
Pod"o*sperm, n. Etym: [Podo- + Gr. podosperme.] (Bot.)

Defn: The stalk of a seed or ovule.

PODOSTOMATA
Pod`o*stom"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot +
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Bryozoa of which Rhabdopleura is the type. See
Rhabdopleura.

PODOTHECA
Pod`o*the"ca, n.; pl. Podothecæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s,
foot + (Zoöl.)

Defn: The scaly covering of the foot of a bird or reptile.

PODRIDA
Po*dri"da, n. Etym: [Sp., rotten.]

Defn: A miscellaneous dish of meats. See Olla-podrida.

PODURA
Po*du"ra, n.; pl. L. Poduræ, E. Poduras. Etym: [NL.; Gr. poy`s,
podo`s, foot +

Defn: Any small leaping thysanurous insect of the genus Podura and
related genera; a springtail. Podura scale (Zoöl.), one of the minute
scales with which the body of a podura is covered. They are used as
test objects for the microscope.

PODURID
Po*du"rid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Podura or allied genera.
 -- a.

Defn: Pertaining to the poduras.

POE
Po"e, n.

Defn: Same as Pol.

POEBIRD
Po"e*bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The parson bird.

POECILE
Poe"ci*le, n.

Defn: Same as Poicile.

POECILITIC
Poe`ci*lit"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Geol.)
(a) Mottled with various colors; variegated; spotted; -- said of
certain rocks.
(b) Specifically: Of or pertaining to, or characterizing, Triassic
and Permian sandstones of red and other colors. [Also written
poikilitic.]

POECILOPOD
Poe*cil"o*pod, n. Etym: [Cf. F. poecilopode.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Poecilopoda. Also used adjectively.

POECILOPODA
Poe`ci*lop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)
(a) Originally, an artificial group including many parasitic
Entomostraca, together with the horseshoe crabs (Limuloidea).
(b) By some recent writers applied to the Merostomata.

POEM
Po"em, n. Etym: [L. poëma, Gr. poëme.]

1. A metrical composition; a composition in verse written in certain
measures, whether in blank verse or in rhyme, and characterized by
imagination and poetic diction; -- contradistinguished from prose;
as, the poems of Homer or of Milton.

2. A composition, not in verse, of which the language is highly
imaginative or impassioned; as, a prose poem; the poems of Ossian.

POEMATIC
Po`em*at"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to a poem, or to poetry; poetical. [R.] Coleridge.

POENAMU
Po*e"na*mu, n. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of jade or nephrite, -- used in New Zealand for the
manufacture of axes and weapons.

POENOLOGY
Poe*nol"o*gy, n.

Defn: See Penology.

POEPHAGA
Po*eph"a*ga, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of herbivorous marsupials including the kangaroos and
their allies.
 -- Po*eph"a*gous, a.

POESY
Po"e*sy, n. Etym: [F. poésie (cf. It. poesia), L. poesis, from Gr.
Posy.]

1. The art of composing poems; poetical skill or faculty; as, the
heavenly gift of poesy. Shak.

2. Poetry; metrical composition; poems.
Music and poesy used to quicken you. Shak.

3. A short conceit or motto engraved on a ring or other thing; a
posy. Bacon.

POET
Po"et, n. Etym: [F. poëte, L. poëta, fr. Gr. Poem.]

Defn: One skilled in making poetry; one who has a particular genius
for metrical composition; the author of a poem; an imaginative
thinker or writer.
The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven to
earth, from earth to heaven. Shak.
A poet is a maker, as the word signifies. Dryden.
Poet laureate. See under Laureate.

POETASTER
Po"et*as`ter, n.

Defn: An inferior rhymer, or writer of verses; a dabbler in poetic
art.
The talk of forgotten poetasters. Macaulay.

POETASTRY
Po"et*as`try, n.

Defn: The works of a poetaster. [R.]

POETESS
Po"et*ess, n. Etym: [Cf. F. poétesse.]

Defn: A female poet.

POETIC; POETICAL
Po*et"ic, Po*et"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. poëticus, Gr. poétiquee.]

1. Of or pertaining to poetry; suitable for poetry, or for writing
poetry; as, poetic talent, theme, work, sentiments. Shak.

2. Expressed in metrical form; exhibiting the imaginative or the
rhythmical quality of poetry; as, a poetical composition; poetical
prose. Poetic license. See License, n., 4.

POETICALLY
Po*et"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a poetic manner.

POETICS
Po*et"ics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. poétique, L. poëtica, poëtice, Gr.

Defn: The principles and rules of the art of poetry. J. Warton.

POETICULE
Po*et"i*cule, n.

Defn: A poetaster. Swinburne.

POETIZE
Po"et*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Poetized; p. pr. & vb. n. Poetizing.]
Etym: [Cf. F. poétiser.]

Defn: To write as a poet; to compose verse; to idealize.
I versify the truth, not poetize. Donne.

POETRY
Po"et*ry, n. Etym: [OF. poeterie. See Poet.]

1. The art of apprehending and interpreting ideas by the faculty of
imagination; the art of idealizing in thought and in expression.
For poetry is the blossom and the fragrance of all human knowledge,
human thoughts, human passions, emotions, language. Coleridge.

2. Imaginative language or composition, whether expressed
rhythmically or in prose. Specifically: Metrical composition; verse;
rhyme; poems collectively; as, heroic poetry; dramatic poetry; lyric
or Pindaric poetry. "The planetlike music of poetry." Sir P. Sidney.
She taketh most delight In music, instruments, and poetry. Shak.

POETS' CORNER
Po"ets' Cor"ner.

Defn: An angle in the south transept of Westminster Abbey, London; --
so called because it contains the tombs of Chaucer, Spenser, Dryden,
Ben Jonson, Gray, Tennyson, Browning, and other English poets, and
memorials to many buried elsewhere.

POETSHIP
Po"et*ship, n.

Defn: The state or personality of a poet. [R.]

POGAMOGGAN
Pog`a*mog"gan, n. [North Amer. Indian.]

Defn: An aboriginal weapon consisting of a stone or piece of antler
fastened to the end of a slender wooden handle, used by American
Indians from the Great Plains to the Mackenzie River.

POGGY
Pog"gy, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) See Porgy.
(b) A small whale.

POGY
Po"gy, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The menhaden.

Note: Pogy is often confounded with porgy, and therefore incorrectly
applied to various fishes.

POH
Poh, interj.

Defn: An exclamation expressing contempt or disgust; bah !

POHAGEN
Po*ha"gen, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Pauhaugen.

POI
Po"i, n.

Defn: A national food of the Hawaiians, made by baking and pounding
the kalo (or taro) root, and reducing it to a thin paste, which is
allowed to ferment.

POICILE; POECILE
Poi"ci*le, or; Poe"ci*le, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. poecile.]

Defn: The frescoed porch or gallery in Athens where Zeno taught. R.
Browning.

POIGNANCY
Poign"an*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being poignant; as, the poignancy of
satire; the poignancy of grief. Swift.

POIGNANT
Poign"ant, a. Etym: [F., p. pr. of poindre to sting, fr. L. pungere
to prick, sting. See Pungent.]

1. Pricking; piercing; sharp; pungent. "His poignant spear." Spenser.
"Poynaunt sauce." Chaucer.

2. Fig.: Pointed; keen; satirical.
His wit . . . became more lively and poignant. Sir W. Scott.

POIGNANTLY
Poign"ant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a poignant manner.

POIKILITIC
Poi`ki*lit"ic, a. (Geol.)

Defn: See Poecilitic.

POIKILOCYTE
Poi"ki*lo*cyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: An irregular form of corpuscle found in the blood in cases of
profound anæmia, probably a degenerated red blood corpuscle.

POIKILOTHERMAL; POIKILOTHERMIC
Poi`ki*lo*ther"mal, Poi`ki*lo*ther"mic, a. Etym: [Gr. thermal,
thermic.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Having a varying body temperature. See Homoiothermal.

POIKILOTHERMOUS
Poi`ki*lo*ther"mous, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Poikilothermal.

POINCIANA
Poin`ci*a"na, n. Etym: [NL. Named after M. de Poinci, a governor of
the French West Indies.] (Bot.)

Defn: A prickly tropical shrub (Cæsalpinia, formerly Poinciana,
pulcherrima), with bipinnate leaves, and racemes of showy orange-red
flowers with long crimson filaments.

Note: The genus Poinciana is kept up for three trees of Eastern
Africa, the Mascarene Islands, and India.

POIND
Poind, v. t. Etym: [See Pound to confine.]

1. To impound, as cattle. [Obs. or Scot.] Flavel.

2. To distrain. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

POINDER
Poind"er, n.

1. The keeper of a cattle pound; a pinder. [Obs. or Scot.] T. Adams.

2. One who distrains property. [Scot.] Jamieson.

POINSETTIA
Poin*set"ti*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named after Joel R. Poinsett of South
Carolina.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Mexican shrub (Euphorbia pulcherrima) with very large and
conspicuous vermilion bracts below the yellowish flowers.

POINT
Point, v. t. & i.

Defn: To appoint. [Obs.] Spenser.

POINT
Point, n. Etym: [F. point, and probably also pointe, L. punctum,
puncta, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See Pungent, and cf. Puncto,
Puncture.]

1. That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the
sharp end of a piercing instrument, as a needle or a pin.

2. An instrument which pricks or pierces, as a sort of needle used by
engravers, etchers, lace workers, and others; also, a pointed cutting
tool, as a stone cutter's point; -- called also pointer.

3. Anything which tapers to a sharp, well-defined termination.
Specifically: A small promontory or cape; a tract of land extending
into the water beyond the common shore line.

4. The mark made by the end of a sharp, piercing instrument, as a
needle; a prick.

5. An indefinitely small space; a mere spot indicated or supposed.
Specifically: (Geom.) That which has neither parts nor magnitude;
that which has position, but has neither length, breadth, nor
thickness, -- sometimes conceived of as the limit of a line; that by
the motion of which a line is conceived to be produced.

6. An indivisible portion of time; a moment; an instant; hence, the
verge.
When time's first point begun Made he all souls. Sir J. Davies.

7. A mark of punctuation; a character used to mark the divisions of a
composition, or the pauses to be observed in reading, or to point off
groups of figures, etc.; a stop, as a comma, a semicolon, and esp. a
period; hence, figuratively, an end, or conclusion.
And there a point, for ended is my tale. Chaucer.
Commas and points they set exactly right. Pope.

8. Whatever serves to mark progress, rank, or relative position, or
to indicate a transition from one state or position to another,
degree; step; stage; hence, position or condition attained; as, a
point of elevation, or of depression; the stock fell off five points;
he won by tenpoints. "A point of precedence." Selden. "Creeping on
from point to point." Tennyson.
A lord full fat and in good point. Chaucer.

9. That which arrests attention, or indicates qualities or character;
a salient feature; a characteristic; a peculiarity; hence, a
particular; an item; a detail; as, the good or bad points of a man, a
horse, a book, a story, etc.
He told him, point for point, in short and plain. Chaucer.
In point of religion and in point of honor. Bacon.
Shalt thou dispute With Him the points of liberty Milton.

10. Hence, the most prominent or important feature, as of an
argument, discourse, etc.; the essential matter; esp., the
proposition to be established; as, the point of an anecdote. "Here
lies the point." Shak.
They will hardly prove his point. Arbuthnot.

11. A small matter; a trifle; a least consideration; a punctilio.
This fellow doth not stand upon points. Shak.
[He] cared not for God or man a point. Spenser.

12. (Mus.)

Defn: A dot or mark used to designate certain tones or time; as:
(a) (Anc. Mus.) A dot or mark distinguishing or characterizing
certain tones or styles; as, points of perfection, of augmentation,
etc.; hence, a note; a tune. "Sound the trumpet -- not a levant, or a
flourish, but a point of war." Sir W. Scott.
(b) (Mod. Mus.) A dot placed at the right hand of a note, to raise
its value, or prolong its time, by one half, as to make a whole note
equal to three half notes, a half note equal to three quarter notes.

13. (Astron.)

Defn: A fixed conventional place for reference, or zero of reckoning,
in the heavens, usually the intersection of two or more great circles
of the sphere, and named specifically in each case according to the
position intended; as, the equinoctial points; the solstitial points;
the nodal points; vertical points, etc. See Equinoctial Nodal.

14. (Her.)

Defn: One of the several different parts of the escutcheon. See
Escutcheon.

15. (Naut.)
(a) One of the points of the compass (see Points of the compass,
below); also, the difference between two points of the compass; as,
to fall off a point.
(b) A short piece of cordage used in reefing sails. See Reef point,
under Reef.

16. (Anc. Costume)

Defn: A a string or lace used to tie together certain parts of the
dress. Sir W. Scott.

17. Lace wrought the needle; as, point de Venise; Brussels point. See
Point lace, below.

18. pl. (Railways)

Defn: A switch. [Eng.]

19. An item of private information; a hint; a tip; a pointer. [Cant,
U. S.]

20. (Cricket)

Defn: A fielder who is stationed on the off side, about twelve or
fifteen yards from, and a little in advance of, the batsman.

21. The attitude assumed by a pointer dog when he finds game; as, the
dog came to a point. See Pointer.

22. (Type Making)

Defn: A standard unit of measure for the size of type bodies, being
one twelfth of the thickness of pica type. See Point system of type,
under Type.

23. A tyne or snag of an antler.

24. One of the spaces on a backgammon board.

25. (Fencing)

Defn: A movement executed with the saber or foil; as, tierce point.

Note: The word point is a general term, much used in the sciences,
particularly in mathematics, mechanics, perspective, and physics, but
generally either in the geometrical sense, or in that of degree, or
condition of change, and with some accompanying descriptive or
qualifying term, under which, in the vocabulary, the specific uses
are explained; as, boiling point, carbon point, dry point, freezing
point, melting point, vanishing point, etc. At all points, in every
particular, completely; perfectly. Shak.
 -- At point, In point, At, In, or On, the point, as near as can be;
on the verge; about (see About, prep., 6); as, at the point of death;
he was on the point of speaking. "In point to fall down." Chaucer.
"Caius Sidius Geta, at point to have been taken, recovered himself so
valiantly as brought day on his side." Milton.
 -- Dead point. (Mach.) Same as Dead center, under Dead.
 -- Far point (Med.), in ophthalmology, the farthest point at which
objects are seen distinctly. In normal eyes the nearest point at
which objects are seen distinctly; either with the two eyes together
(binocular near point), or with each eye separately (monocular near
point).
 -- Nine points of the law, all but the tenth point; the greater
weight of authority.
 -- On the point. See At point, above.
 -- Point lace, lace wrought with the needle, as distinguished from
that made on the pillow.
 -- Point net, a machine-made lace imitating a kind of Brussels lace
(Brussels ground).
 -- Point of concurrence (Geom.), a point common to two lines, but
not a point of tangency or of intersection, as, for instance, that in
which a cycloid meets its base.
 -- Point of contrary flexure, a point at which a curve changes its
direction of curvature, or at which its convexity and concavity
change sides.
 -- Point of order, in parliamentary practice, a question of order or
propriety under the rules.
 -- Point of sight (Persp.), in a perspective drawing, the point
assumed as that occupied by the eye of the spectator.
 -- Point of view, the relative position from which anything is seen
or any subject is considered.
 -- Points of the compass (Naut.), the thirty-two points of division
of the compass card in the mariner's compass; the corresponding
points by which the circle of the horizon is supposed to be divided,
of which the four marking the directions of east, west, north, and
south, are called cardinal points, and the rest are named from their
respective directions, as N. by E., N. N. E., N. E. by N., N. E.,
etc. See Illust. under Compass.
 -- Point paper, paper pricked through so as to form a stencil for
transferring a design.
 -- Point system of type. See under Type.
 -- Singular point (Geom.), a point of a curve which possesses some
property not possessed by points in general on the curve, as a cusp,
a point of inflection, a node, etc.
 -- To carry one's point, to accomplish one's object, as in a
controversy.
 -- To make a point of, to attach special importance to.
 -- To make, or gain, a point, accomplish that which was proposed;
also, to make advance by a step, grade, or position.
 -- To mark, or score, a point, as in billiards, cricket, etc., to
note down, or to make, a successful hit, run, etc.
 -- To strain a point, to go beyond the proper limit or rule; to
stretch one's authority or conscience.
 -- Vowel point, in Hebrew, and certain other Eastern and ancient
languages, a mark placed above or below the consonant, or attached to
it, representing the vowel, or vocal sound, which precedes or follows
the consonant.

POINT
Point, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Pointing.] Etym:
[Cf. F. pointer. See Point, n.]

1. To give a point to; to sharpen; to cut, forge, grind, or file to
an acute end; as, to point a dart, or a pencil. Used also
figuratively; as, to point a moral.

2. To direct toward an abject; to aim; as, to point a gun at a wolf,
or a cannon at a fort.

3. Hence, to direct the attention or notice of.
Whosoever should be guided through his battles by Minerva, and
pointed to every scene of them. Pope.

4. To supply with punctuation marks; to punctuate; as, to point a
composition.

5. To mark (as Hebrew) with vowel points.

6. To give particular prominence to; to designate in a special
manner; to indicate, as if by pointing; as, the error was pointed
out. Pope.
He points it, however, by no deviation from his straightforward
manner of speech. Dickens.

7. To indicate or discover by a fixed look, as game.

8. (Masonry)

Defn: To fill up and finish the joints of (a wall), by introducing
additional cement or mortar, and bringing it to a smooth surface.

9. (Stone Cutting)

Defn: To cut, as a surface, with a pointed tool. To point a rope
(Naut.), to taper and neatly finish off the end by interweaving the
nettles.
 -- To point a sail (Naut.), to affix points through the eyelet holes
of the reefs.
 -- To point off, to divide into periods or groups, or to separate,
by pointing, as figures.
 -- To point the yards (of a vessel) (Naut.), to brace them so that
the wind shall strike the sails obliquely. Totten.

POINT
Point (point), v. i.

1. To direct the point of something, as of a finger, for the purpose
of designating an object, and attracting attention to it; -- with at.
Now must the world point at poor Katharine. Shak.
Point at the tattered coat and ragged shoe. Dryden.

2. To indicate the presence of game by fixed and steady look, as
certain hunting dogs do.
He treads with caution, and he points with fear. Gay.

3. (Med.)

Defn: To approximate to the surface; to head; -- said of an abscess.
To point at, to treat with scorn or contempt by pointing or directing
attention to.
 -- To point well (Naut.), to sail close to the wind; -- said of a
vessel.

POINTAL
Point"al, n. Etym: [From Point: cf. F. pointal an upright wooden
prop, OF. pointille a prick or prickle.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The pistil of a plant.

2. A kind of pencil or style used with the tablets of the Middle
Ages. "A pair of tablets [i. e., tablets] . . . and a pointel."
Chaucer.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: See Poyntel. [Obs. or R.]

POINT ALPHABET
Point alphabet.

Defn: An alphabet for the blind with a system of raised points
corresponding to letters.

POINT APPLIQUE
Point appliqué.

Defn: Lace having a needle-made design applied to a net ground, this
ground often being machine-made.

POINT-BLANK
Point`-blank", n. Etym: [F. point point + blanc white.]

1. The white spot on a target, at which an arrow or other missile is
aimed. [Obs.] Jonson.

2. (Mil.)
(a) With all small arms, the second point in which the natural line
of sight, when horizontal, cuts the trajectory.
(b) With artillery, the point where the projectile first strikes the
horizontal plane on which the gun stands, the axis of the piece being
horizontal.

POINT-BLANK
Point`-blank", a.

1. Directed in a line toward the object aimed at; aimed directly
toward the mark.

2. Hence, direct; plain; unqualified; -- said of language; as, a
point-blank assertion. Point-blank range, the extent of the apparent
right line of a ball discharged.
 -- Point-blank shot, the shot of a gun pointed directly toward the
object to be hit.

POINT-BLANK
Point`-blank", adv.

Defn: In a point-blank manner.
To sin point-blank against God's word. Fuller.

POINT D'APPUI
Point` d'ap`pui". Etym: [F.] (Mil.)

Defn: See under Appui.

POINT-DEVICE; POINT-DEVISE
Point`-de*vice", Point`-de*vise", a. Etym: [OE. at point devis; at at
+ point point, condition + devis exact, careful, OF. devis fixed,
set. See Device.]

Defn: Uncommonly nice and exact; precise; particular.
You are rather point-devise in your accouterments. Shak.
Thus he grew up, in logic point-devise, Perfect in grammar, and in
rhetoric nice. Longfellow.

POINT-DEVICE; POINT-DEVISE
Point`-de*vice", Point`-de*vise", adv.

Defn: Exactly. [Obs.] Shak.

POINTED
Point"ed, a.

1. Sharp; having a sharp point; as, a pointed rock.

2. Characterized by sharpness, directness, or pithiness of
expression; terse; epigrammatic; especially, directed to a particular
person or thing.
His moral pleases, not his pointed wit. Pope.
Pointed arch (Arch.), an arch with a pointed crown.
 -- Pointed style (Arch.), a name given to that style of architecture
in which the pointed arch is the predominant feature; -- more
commonly called Gothic.
 -- Point"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Point"ed*ness, n.

POINTEL
Point"el, n. Etym: [From Point. Cf. Pointal.]

Defn: See Pointal.

POINTER
Point"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, points. Specifically:
(a) The hand of a timepiece.
(b) (Zoöl.) One of a breed of dogs trained to stop at scent of game,
and with the nose point it out to sportsmen. (c) pl. (Astron.)

Defn: The two stars (Merak and Dubhe) in the Great Bear, the line
between which points nearly in the direction of the north star. See
Illust. of Ursa Major. (b) pl. (Naut.)

Defn: Diagonal braces sometimes fixed across the hold.

POINTING
Point"ing, n.

1. The act of sharpening.

2. The act of designating, as a position or direction, by means of
something pointed, as a finger or a rod.

3. The act or art of punctuating; punctuation.

4. The act of filling and finishing the joints in masonry with
mortar, cement, etc.; also, the material so used.

5. The rubbing off of the point of the wheat grain in the first
process of high milling.

6. (Sculpt.)

Defn: The act or process of measuring, at the various distances from
the surface of a block of marble, the surface of a future piece of
statuary; also, a process used in cutting the statue from the
artist's model.

POINTINGSTOCK
Point`ing*stock`, n.

Defn: An object of ridicule or scorn; a laughingstock. Shak.

POINTLESS
Point"less, a.

Defn: Having no point; blunt; wanting keenness; obtuse; as, a
pointless sword; a pointless remark.

Syn.
 -- Blunt; obtuse, dull; stupid.

POINTLESSLY
Point"less*ly, adv.

Defn: Without point.

POINTLETED
Point"let*ed, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a small, distinct point; apiculate. Henslow.

POINTREL
Poin"trel, n.

Defn: A graving tool. Knight.

POINTSMAN
Points"man, n.; pl. -men (-men).

Defn: A man who has charge of railroad points or switches. [Eng.]

POINT SWITCH
Point switch. (Railroads)

Defn: A switch made up of a rail from each track, both rails being
tapered far back and connected to throw alongside the through rail of
either track.

POISE
Poise, n. Etym: [OE. pois, peis, OF. pois, peis, F. poids, fr. L.
pensum a portion weighed out, pendere to weigh, weigh out. Cf.
Avoirdupois, Pendant, Poise, v.] [Formerly written also peise.]

1. Weight; gravity; that which causes a body to descend; heaviness.
"Weights of an extraordinary poise." Evelyn.

2. The weight, or mass of metal, used in weighing, to balance the
substance weighed.

3. The state of being balanced by equal weight or power; equipoise;
balance; equilibrium; rest. Bentley.

4. That which causes a balance; a counterweight.
Men of unbounded imagination often want the poise of judgment.
Dryden.

POISE
Poise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poised, (; p. pr. & vb. n. Poising.] Etym:
[OE. poisen, peisen, OF. & F. peser, to weigh, balance, OF. il peise,
il poise, he weighs, F. il pèse, fr. L. pensare, v. intens. fr.
pendere to weigh. See Poise, n., and cf. Pensive.] [Formerly written
also peise.]

1. To balance; to make of equal weight; as, to poise the scales of a
balance.

2. To hold or place in equilibrium or equiponderance.
Nor yet was earth suspended in the sky; Nor poised, did on her own
foundation lie. Dryden.

3. To counterpoise; to counterbalance.
One scale of reason to poise another of sensuality. Shak.
To poise with solid sense a sprightly wit. Dryden.

4. To ascertain, as by the balance; to weigh.
He can not sincerely consider the strength, poise the weight, and
discern the evidence. South.

5. To weigh (down); to oppress. [Obs.]
Lest leaden slumber peise me down to-morrow. Shak.

POISE
Poise, v. i.

Defn: To hang in equilibrium; to be balanced or suspended; hence, to
be in suspense or doubt.
The slender, graceful spars Poise aloft in air. Longfellow.

POISER
Pois"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The balancer of dipterous insects.

POISON
Poi"son, n. Etym: [F. poison, in Old French also, a potion, fr. L.
potio a drink, draught, potion, a poisonous draught, fr. potare to
drink. See Potable, and cf. Potion.]

1. Any agent which, when introduced into the animal organism, is
capable of producing a morbid, noxious, or deadly effect upon it; as,
morphine is a deadly poison; the poison of pestilential diseases.

2. That which taints or destroys moral purity or health; as, the
poison of evil example; the poison of sin. Poison ash. (Bot.) (a) A
tree of the genus Amyris (A. balsamifera) found in the West Indies,
from the trunk of which a black liquor distills, supposed to have
poisonous qualities. (b) The poison sumac (Rhus venenata). [U. S.] --
Poison dogwood (Bot.), poison sumac.
 -- Poison fang (Zoöl.), one of the superior maxillary teeth of some
species of serpents, which, besides having the cavity for the pulp,
is either perforated or grooved by a longitudinal canal, at the lower
end of which the duct of the poison gland terminates. See Illust.
under Fang.
 -- Poison gland (Biol.), a gland, in animals or plants, which
secretes an acrid or venomous matter, that is conveyed along an organ
capable of inflicting a wound.
 -- Poison hemlock (Bot.), a poisonous umbelliferous plant (Conium
maculatum). See Hemlock.
 -- Poison ivy (Bot.), a poisonous climbing plant (Rhus
Toxicodendron) of North America. It is common on stone walls and on
the trunks of trees, and has trifoliate, rhombic-ovate, variously
notched leaves. Many people are poisoned by it, if they touch the
leaves. See Poison sumac. Called also poison oak, and mercury.
 -- Poison nut. (Bot.) (a) Nux vomica. (b) The tree which yields this
seed (Strychnos Nuxvomica). It is found on the Malabar and Coromandel
coasts.
 -- Poison oak (Bot.), the poison ivy; also, the more shrubby Rhus
diversiloba of California and Oregon. Poison sac. (Zoöl.) Same as
Poison gland, above. See Illust. under Fang.
 -- Poison sumac (Bot.), a poisonous shrub of the genus Rhus (R.
venenata); -- also called poison ash, poison dogwood, and poison
elder. It has pinnate leaves on graceful and slender common petioles,
and usually grows in swampy places. Both this plant and the poison
ivy (Rhus Toxicodendron) have clusters of smooth greenish white
berries, while the red-fruited species of this genus are harmless.
The tree (Rhus vernicifera) which yields the celebrated Japan lacquer
is almost identical with the poison sumac, and is also very
poisonous. The juice of the poison sumac also forms a lacquer similar
to that of Japan.

Syn.
 -- Venom; virus; bane; pest; malignity.
 -- Poison, Venom. Poison usually denotes something received into the
system by the mouth, breath, etc. Venom is something discharged from
animals and received by means of a wound, as by the bite or sting of
serpents, scorpions, etc. Hence, venom specifically implies some
malignity of nature or purpose.

POISON
Poi"son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poisoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Poisoning.]
Etym: [Cf. OF. poisonner, F. empoissoner, L. potionare to give to
drink. See Poison, n.]

1. To put poison upon or into; to infect with poison; as, to poison
an arrow; to poison food or drink. "The ingredients of our poisoned
chalice." Shak.

2. To injure or kill by poison; to administer poison to.
If you poison us, do we not die Shak.

3. To taint; to corrupt; to vitiate; as, vice poisons happiness;
slander poisoned his mind.
Whispering tongues can poison truth. Coleridge.

POISON
Poi"son, v. i.

Defn: To act as, or convey, a poison.
Tooth that poisons if it bite. Shak.

POISONABLE
Poi"son*a*ble, a.

1. Capable of poisoning; poisonous. [Obs.] "Poisonable heresies."
Tooker.

2. Capable of being poisoned.

POISON BUSH
Poison bush. In Australia:
 (a) Any fabaceous shrub of the genus Gastrolobium, the herbage of
which is poisonous to stock; also, any species of several related
genera, as Oxylobium, Gompholobium, etc.
 (b) The plant Myoporum deserti, often distinguished as Ellangowan
poison bush or dogwood poison bush.
 (c) The ulmaceous plant Trema cannabina, which, though not
poisonous, is injurious to stock because of its large amount of
fiber.

POISON CUP
Poison cup.

1. A cup containing poison.

2.  A cup that was supposed to break on having poison put into it.

POISONER
Poi"son*er, n.

Defn: One who poisons. Shak.

POISONOUS
Poi"son*ous, a.

Defn: Having the qualities or effects of poison; venomous; baneful;
corrupting; noxious. Shak.
 -- Poi"son*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Poi"son*ous*ness, n.

POISONSOME
Poi"son*some, a.

Defn: Poisonous.[Obs.] Holland.

POISURE
Poi"sure, n. Etym: [See Poise.]

Defn: Weight. [Obs.]

POITREL
Poi"trel, n. Etym: [OE. poitrel, F. poitrail, fr. L. pectorale a
breastplate, fr. pectoralis, a. See Pectoral, a.] (Anc. Armor)

Defn: The breastplate of the armor of a horse. See Peytrel. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

POIZE
Poize, n.

Defn: See Poise. [Obs.]

POKAL
Po*kal", n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: A tall drinking cup.

POKE
Poke, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A large North American herb of the genus Phytolacca (P.
decandra), bearing dark purple juicy berries; -- called also garget,
pigeon berry, pocan, and pokeweed. The root and berries have emetic
and purgative properties, and are used in medicine. The young shoots
are sometimes eaten as a substitute for asparagus, and the berries
are said to be used in Europe to color wine.

POKE
Poke, n. Etym: [AS. poca, poha, pohha; akin to Icel. poki, OD. poke,
and perh. to E. pock; cf. also Gael.poca, and OF. poque. Cf. Pock,
Pocket, Pouch.]

1. A bag; a sack; a pocket. "He drew a dial from his poke." Shak.
They wallowed as pigs in a poke. Chaucer.

2. A long, wide sleeve; -- called also poke sleeve. To boy a pig a
poke (that is, in a bag), to buy a thing without knowledge or
examination of it. Camden.

POKE
Poke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poked; p. pr. & vb. n. Poking.] Etym: [Cf.
LG. poken to prick, pierce, thrust, pok a dagger, knife, D. pook, G.
pocken to beat, also Ir. poc a blow, Gael. puc to push.]

1. To thrust or push against or into with anything pointed; hence, to
stir up; to excite; as, to poke a fire.
He poked John, and said "Sleepest thou " Chaucer.

2. To thrust with the horns; to gore.

3. Etym: [From 5th Poke, 3.]

Defn: To put a poke on; as, to poke an ox. [Colloq. U. S.] To poke
fun, to excite fun; to joke; to jest. [Colloq.] -- To poke fun at, to
make a butt of; to ridicule. [Colloq.]

POKE
Poke, v. i.

Defn: To search; to feel one's way, as in the dark; to grope; as, to
poke about.
A man must have poked into Latin and Greek. Prior.

POKE
Poke, n.

1. The act of poking; a thrust; a jog; as, a poke in the ribs. Ld.
Lytton.

2. A lazy person; a dawdler; also, a stupid or uninteresting person.
[Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.

3. A contrivance to prevent an animal from leaping or breaking
through fences. It consists of a yoke with a pole inserted, pointed
forward. [U.S.] Poke bonnet, a bonnet with a straight, projecting
front.

POKEBAG
Poke"bag`, n. Etym: [So called in allusion to its baglike nest.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The European long-tailed titmouse; -- called also poke-pudding.
[Prov. Eng.]

POKER
Pok"er, n. Etym: [From Poke to push.]

1. One who pokes.

2. That which pokes or is used in poking, especially a metal bar or
rod used in stirring a fire of coals.

3. A poking-stick. Decker.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The poachard. [Prov. Eng.] Poker picture, a picture formed in
imitation of bisterwashed drawings, by singeing the surface of wood
with a heated poker or other iron. Fairholt.

POKER
Pok"er, n. Etym: [Of uncertain etymol.]

Defn: A game at cards derived from brag, and first played about 1835
in the Southwestern United States. Johnson's Cyc.

Note: A poker hand is played with a poker deck, composed of fifty-two
cards, of thirteeen values, each card value being represented once in
each of four "suits", namely spades, hearts, diamonds, and clubs. The
game is played in many variations, but almost invariably the stage of
decision as to who wins occurs when each player has five cards (or
chooses five cards from some larger number available to him). The
winner usually is the player with the highest-valued hand, but, in
some variations, the winner may be the player with the lowest-valued
hand. The value of a hand is ranked by hand types, representing the
relationships of the cards to each other. [The hand types are ranked
by the probability of receiving such a hand when dealt five cards.]
Within each hand type the value is also ranked by the values of the
cards. The hand types are labeled, in decreasing value: five of a
kind; royal flush; straight flush; four of a kind; full house (coll.
full boat, or boat); flush; straight; three of a kind; two pairs; one
pair; and, when the contending players have no hands of any of the
above types, the player with the highest-valued card wins -- if there
is a tie, the next-highest-valued card of the tied players determines
the winner, and so on. If two players have the same type of hand, the
value of the cards within each type determines the winner; thus, if
two players both have three of a kind (and no other player has a
higher type of hand), the player whose three matched cards have the
highest card value is the winner.

POKER
Pok"er, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. pokker the deuce, devil, also W. pwci, a
hobgoblin, bugbear, and E. puck.]

Defn: Any imagined frightful object, especially one supposed to haunt
the darkness; a bugbear. [Colloq. U. S.]

POKER DICE
Poker dice.

Defn: A game played with five dice in which the count is usually
made, in order, by pairs, two pairs, three of a kind, full houses,
four of a kind, and five of a kind (the highest throw), similar to
poker; also, the dice used in this game, esp. when marked with the
ace, king, queen, jack, ten, and nine instead of the usual digits.

POKERISH
Pok"er*ish, a.

Defn: Infested by pokers; adapted to excite fear; as, a pokerish
place. [Colloq. U. S.]
There is something pokerish about a deserted dwelling. Lowell.

POKERISH
Pok"er*ish, a.

Defn: Stiff like a poker. [Colloq.]

POKET
Pok"et, n.

Defn: A pocket. [Obs.] Chaucer.

POKEWEED
Poke"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Poke, the plant.

POKEY
Pok"ey, a.

Defn: See Poky.

POKING
Pok"ing, a.

Defn: Drudging; servile. [Colloq.]
Bred to some poking profession. Gray.

POKING-STICK
Pok"ing-stick`, n.

Defn: A small stick or rod of steel, formerly used in adjusting the
plaits of ruffs. Shak.

POKY
Pok"y, a. Etym: [Written also pokey.]

1. Confined; cramped. [Prov. Eng.]

2. Dull; tedious; uninteresting. [Colloq.]

POLACCA
Po*lac"ca, n. Etym: [It. polacca, polaccra, polacra; cf. F. polaque,
polacre, Sp. polacre,] [Written also polacre.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel with two or three masts, used in the Mediterranean.
The masts are usually of one piece, and without tops, caps, or
crosstrees.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: See Polonaise.

POLACK
Po"lack, n.

Defn: A Polander. Shak.

POLACRE
Po*la"cre, n.

Defn: Same as Polacca, 1.

POLANDER
Po"land*er, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Poland; a Pole.

POLAR
Po"lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. polaire. See Pole of the earth.]

1. Of or pertaining to one of the poles of the earth, or of a sphere;
situated near, or proceeding from, one of the poles; as, polar
regions; polar seas; polar winds.

2. Of or pertaining to the magnetic pole, or to the point to which
the magnetic needle is directed.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: Pertaining to, reckoned from, or having a common radiating
point; as, polar coördinates. Polar axis, that axis of an
astronomical instrument, as an equatorial, which is parallel to the
earths axis.
 -- Polar bear (Zoöl.), a large bear (Ursus, or Thalarctos,
maritimus) inhabiting the arctic regions. It sometimes measures
nearly nine feet in length and weighs 1,600 pounds. It is partially
amphibious, very powerful, and the most carnivorous of all the bears.
The fur is white, tinged with yellow. Called also White bear. See
Bear.
 -- Polar body, cell, or globule (Biol.), a minute cell which
separates by karyokinesis from the ovum during its maturation. In the
maturation of ordinary ova two polar bodies are formed, but in
parthogenetic ova only one. The first polar body formed is usually
larger than the second one, and often divides into two after its
separation from the ovum. Each of the polar bodies removes maternal
chromatin from the ovum to make room for the chromatin of the
fertilizing spermatozoön; but their functions are not fully
understood.
 -- Polar circles (Astron. & Geog.), two circles, each at a distance
from a pole of the earth equal to the obliquity of the ecliptic, or
about 23º 28', the northern called the arctic circle, and the
southern the antarctic circle.
 -- Polar clock, a tube, containing a polarizing apparatus, turning
on an axis parallel to that of the earth, and indicating the hour of
the day on an hour circle, by being turned toward the plane of
maximum polarization of the light of the sky, which is always 90º
from the sun.
 -- Polar coördinates. See under 3d Coördinate.
 -- Polar dial, a dial whose plane is parallel to a great circle
passing through the poles of the earth. Math. Dict.
 -- Polar distance, the angular distance of any point on a sphere
from one of its poles, particularly of a heavenly body from the north
pole of the heavens.
 -- Polar equation of a line or surface, an equation which expresses
the relation between the polar coördinates of every point of the line
or surface.
 -- Polar forces (Physics), forces that are developed and act in
pairs, with opposite tendencies or properties in the two elements, as
magnetism, electricity, etc.
 -- Polar hare (Zoöl.), a large hare of Arctic America (Lepus
arcticus), which turns pure white in winter. It is probably a variety
of the common European hare (L. timidus).
 -- Polar lights, the aurora borealis or australis.
 -- Polar, or Polaric, opposition or contrast (Logic), an opposition
or contrast made by the existence of two opposite conceptions which
are the extremes in a species, as white and black in colors; hence,
as great an opposition or contrast as possible.
 -- Polar projection. See under Projection.
 -- Polar spherical triangle (Spherics), a spherical triangle whose
three angular points are poles of the sides of a given triangle. See
4th Pole, 2.
 -- Polar whale (Zoöl.), the right whale, or bowhead. See Whale.

POLAR
Po"lar, n. (Conic Sections)

Defn: The right line drawn through the two points of contact of the
two tangents drawn from a given point to a given conic section. The
given point is called the pole of the line. If the given point lies
within the curve so that the two tangents become imaginary, there is
still a real polar line which does not meet the curve, but which
possesses other properties of the polar. Thus the focus and directrix
are pole and polar. There are also poles and polar curves to curves
of higher degree than the second, and poles and polar planes to
surfaces of the second degree.

POLARCHY
Pol"ar*chy, n.

Defn: See Polyarchy.

POLARIC
Po*lar"ic, a.

Defn: See Polar. [R.]

POLARILY
Po"lar*i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a polary manner; with polarity. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

POLARIMETER
Po`lar*im"e*ter, n. Etym: [Polar + -meter.] (Opt.)

Defn: An instrument for determining the amount of polarization of
light, or the proportion of polarized light, in a partially polarized
ray.

POLARIMETRY
Po`lar*im"e*try, n. (Opt.)

Defn: The art or process of measuring the polarization of light.

POLARIS
Po*la"ris, n. Etym: [NL. See Polar.] (Astron.)

Defn: The polestar. See North star, under North.

POLARISCOPE
Po*lar"i*scope, n. Etym: [Polar + -scope.] (Opt.)

Defn: An instrument consisting essentially of a polarizer and an
analyzer, used for polarizing light, and analyzing its properties.

POLARISCOPIC
Po*lar`i*scop"ic, a. (Opt.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the polariscope; obtained by the use of a
polariscope; as, polariscopic observations.

POLARISCOPY
Po`lar*is"co*py, n. (Opt.)

Defn: The art or rocess of making observations with the polariscope.

POLARISTIC
Po`lar*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or exhibiting, poles; having a polar arrangement
or disposition; arising from, or dependent upon, the possession of
poles or polar characteristics; as, polaristic antagonism.

POLARITY
Po*lar"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. polarité.]

1. (Physics)

Defn: That quality or condition of a body in virtue of which it
exhibits opposite, or contrasted, properties or powers, in opposite,
or contrasted, parts or directions; or a condition giving rise to a
contrast of properties corresponding to a contrast of positions, as,
for example, attraction and repulsion in the opposite parts of a
magnet, the dissimilar phenomena corresponding to the different sides
of a polarized ray of light, etc.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A property of the conic sections by virtue of which a given
point determines a corresponding right line and a given right line
determines a corresponding point. See Polar, n.

POLARIZABLE
Po"lar*i`za*ble, a.

Defn: Susceptible of polarization.

POLARIZATION
Po`lar*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. polarisation.]

1. The act of polarizing; the state of being polarized, or of having
polarity.

2. (Opt.)

Defn: A peculiar affection or condition of the rays of light or heat,
in consequence of which they exhibit different properties in
different directions.

Note: If a beam of light, which has been reflected from a plate of
unsilvered glass at an angle of about 56°, be received upon a second
plate of glass similar to the former, and at the same angle of
incidence, the light will be readily reflected when the two planes of
incidence are parallel to each other, but will not be reflected when
the two planes of incidence are perpendicular to each other. The
light has, therefore, acquired new properties by reflection from the
first plate of glass, and is called polarized light, while the
modification which the light has experienced by this reflection is
called polarization. The plane in which the beam of light is
reflected from the first mirror is called the plane of polarization.
The angle of polarization is the angle at which a beam of light must
be reflected, in order that the polarization may be the most
complete. The term polarization was derived from the theory of
emission, and it was conceived that each luminous molecule has two
poles analogous to the poles of a magnet; but this view is not now
held. According to the undulatory theory, ordinary light is produced
by vibrations transverse or perpendicular to the direction of the
ray, and distributed as to show no distinction as to any particular
direction. But when, by any means, these, vibrations are made to take
place in one plane, the light is said to be plane polarized. If only
a portion of the vibrations lie in one plane the ray is said to be
partially polarized. Light may be polarized by several methods other
than by reflection, as by refraction through most crystalline media,
or by being transmitted obliquely through several plates of glass
with parallel faces. If a beam of polarized light be transmitted
through a crystal of quartz in the direction of its axis, the plane
of polarization will be changed by an angle proportional to the
thickness of the crystal. This phenomenon is called rotatory
polarization. A beam of light reflected from a metallic surface, or
from glass surfaces under certain peculiar conditions, acquires
properties still more complex, its vibrations being no longer
rectilinear, but circular, or elliptical. This phenomenon is called
circular or elliptical polarization.

3. (Elec.)

Defn: An effect produced upon the plates of a voltaic battery, or the
electrodes in an electrolytic cell, by the deposition upon them of
the gases liberated by the action of the current. It is chiefly due
to the hydrogen, and results in an increase of the resistance, and
the setting up of an opposing electro-motive force, both of which
tend materially to weaken the current of the battery, or that passing
through the cell.

POLARIZE
Po"lar*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polarized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Polarizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. polariser.]

Defn: To communicate polarity to.

POLARIZER
Po"lar*i`zer, n. (Physics)

Defn: That which polarizes; especially, the part of a polariscope
which receives and polarizes the light. It is usually a reflecting
plate, or a plate of some crystal, as tourmaline, or a doubly
refracting crystal.

POLARY
Po"lar*y, a.

Defn: Tending to a pole; having a direction toward a pole. [R.] Sir
T. Browne.

POLATOUCHE
Po`la`touche", n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flying squirrel (Sciuropterus volans) native of Northern
Europe and Siberia; -- called also minene.

POLDER
Pol"der, n. Etym: [D.]

Defn: A tract of low land reclaimed from the sea by of high
embankments. [Holland & Belgium]

POLDWAY
Pold"way`, n. Etym: [Cf. Poledavy.]

Defn: A kind of coarse bagging, -- used for coal sacks. Weale.

POLE
Pole, n. Etym: [Cf. G. Pole a Pole, Polen Poland.]

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Poland; a Polander.

POLE
Pole, n. Etym: [As. pal, L. palus, akin to pangere to make fast. Cf.
Pale a stake, Pact.]

1. A long, slender piece of wood; a tall, slender piece of timber;
the stem of a small tree whose branches have been removed; as,
specifically: (a) A carriage pole, a wooden bar extending from the
front axle of a carriage between the wheel horses, by which the
carriage is guided and held back. (b) A flag pole, a pole on which a
flag is supported. (c) A Maypole. See Maypole. (d) A barber's pole, a
pole painted in stripes, used as a sign by barbers and hairdressers.
(e) A pole on which climbing beans, hops, or other vines, are
trained.

2. A measuring stick; also, a measure of length equal to 5 Bacon.
Pole bean (Bot.), any kind of bean which is customarily trained on
poles, as the scarlet runner or the Lima bean.
 -- Pole flounder (Zoöl.), a large deep-water flounder
(Glyptocephalus cynoglossus), native of the northern coasts of Europe
and America, and much esteemed as a food fish; -- called also craig
flounder, and pole fluke.
 -- Pole lathe, a simple form of lathe, or a substitute for a lathe,
in which the work is turned by means of a cord passing around it, one
end being fastened to the treadle, and the other to an elastic pole
above.
 -- Pole mast (Naut.), a mast formed from a single piece or from a
single tree.
 -- Pole of a lens (Opt.), the point where the principal axis meets
the surface.
 -- Pole plate (Arch.), a horizontal timber resting on the tiebeams
of a roof and receiving the ends of the rafters. It differs from the
plate in not resting on the wall.

POLE
Pole, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poled; p. pr. & vb. n. Poling.]

1. To furnish with poles for support; as, to pole beans or hops.

2. To convey on poles; as, to pole hay into a barn.

3. To impel by a pole or poles, as a boat.

4. To stir, as molten glass, with a pole.

POLE
Pole, n. Etym: [L. polus, Gr. pôle.]

1. Either extremity of an axis of a sphere; especially, one of the
extremities of the earth's axis; as, the north pole.

2. (Spherics)

Defn: A point upon the surface of a sphere equally distant from every
part of the circumference of a great circle; or the point in which a
diameter of the sphere perpendicular to the plane of such circle
meets the surface. Such a point is called the pole of that circle;
as, the pole of the horizon; the pole of the ecliptic; the pole of a
given meridian.

3. (Physics)

Defn: One of the opposite or contrasted parts or directions in which
a polar force is manifested; a point of maximum intensity of a force
which has two such points, or which has polarity; as, the poles of a
magnet; the north pole of a needle.

4. The firmament; the sky. [Poetic]
Shoots against the dusky pole. Milton.

5. (Geom.)

Defn: See Polarity, and Polar, n. Magnetic pole. See under Magnetic.
 -- Poles of the earth, or Terrestrial poles (Geog.), the two
opposite points on the earth's surface through which its axis passes.
 -- Poles of the heavens, or Celestial poles, the two opposite points
in the celestial sphere which coincide with the earth's axis
produced, and about which the heavens appear to revolve.

POLEAX; POLEAXE
Pole"ax`, Pole"axe`, n. Etym: [OE. pollax; cf. OD. pollexe. See Poll
head, and Ax.]

Defn: Anciently, a kind of battle-ax with a long handle; later, an ax
or hatchet with a short handle, and a head variously patterned; --
used by soldiers, and also by sailors in boarding a vessel.

POLECAT
Pole"cat`, n. Etym: [Probably fr. F. poule hen, and originally, a
poultry cat, because it feeds on poultry. See Poultry.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A small European carnivore of the Weasel family (Putorius
foetidus). Its scent glands secrete a substance of an exceedingly
disagreeable odor. Called also fitchet, foulmart, and European
ferret.
(b) The zorilla. The name is also applied to other allied species.

POLEDAVY
Pole"da`vy, n. Etym: [Etymology uncertain.]

Defn: A sort of coarse canvas; poldway. [Obs.] Howell.

POLELESS
Pole"less, a.

Defn: Without a pole; as, a poleless chariot.

POLEMARCH
Pol"e*march, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: In Athens, originally, the military commanderin-chief; but,
afterward, a civil magistrate who had jurisdiction in respect of
strangers and sojourners. In other Grecian cities, a high military
and civil officer.

POLEMIC
Po*lem"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. polémique.]

1. Of or pertaining to controversy; maintaining, or involving,
controversy; controversial; disputative; as, a polemic discourse or
essay; polemic theology.

2. Engaged in, or addicted to, polemics, or to controversy;
disputations; as, a polemic writer. South.

POLEMIC
Po*lem"ic, n.

1. One who writes in support of one opinion, doctrine, or system, in
opposition to another; one skilled in polemics; a controversialist; a
disputant.
The sarcasms and invectives of the young polemic. Macaulay.

2. A polemic argument or controversy.

POLEMICAL
Po*lem"ic*al, a.

Defn: Polemic; controversial; disputatious.
 -- Po*lem"ic*al*ly, adv.
Polemical and impertinent disputations. Jer. Taylor.

POLEMICIST
Po*lem"i*cist, n.

Defn: A polemic. [R.]

POLEMICS
Po*lem"ics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. polémique.]

Defn: The art or practice of disputation or controversy, especially
on religious subjects; that branch of theological science which
pertains to the history or conduct of ecclesiastical controversy.

POLEMIST
Pol"e*mist, n.

Defn: A polemic. [R.]

POLEMONIACEOUS
Pol`e*mo`ni*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Polemoniaceæ),
which includes Polemonium, Phlox, Gilia, and a few other genera.

POLEMONIUM
Pol`e*mo"ni*um. n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of gamopetalous perennial herbs, including the Jacob's
ladder and the Greek valerian.

POLEMOSCOPE
Po*lem"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope: cf. F. polémoscope.]

Defn: An opera glass or field glass with an oblique mirror arranged
for seeing objects do not lie directly before the eye; -- called also
diagonal, or side, opera glass.

POLEMY
Pol"e*my, n. Etym: [See Polemic.]

Defn: Warfare; war; hence, contention; opposition. [Obs.]

POLENTA
Po*len"ta, n. Etym: [It., fr. L. polenta peeled barley.]

Defn: Pudding made of Indian meal; also, porridge made of chestnut
meal. [Italy]

POLER
Pol"er, n.

Defn: One who poles.

POLER
Pol"er, n.

Defn: An extortioner. See Poller. [Obs.] Bacon.

POLESTAR
Pole"star`, n.

1. Polaris, or the north star. See North star, under North.

2. A guide or director.

POLEWARDS
Pole"wards, adv.

Defn: Toward a pole of the earth. "The regions further polewards."
Whewell.

POLEWIG
Pole"wig, n. Etym: [Cf. Polliwig.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European spotted goby (Gobius minutus); -- called also
pollybait. [Prov. Eng.]

POLEY
Po"ley, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Poly.

POLEY
Po"ley, a.

Defn: Without horns; polled. [Prov. Eng.] "That poley heifer." H.
Kingsley.

POLIANITE
Po"li*a*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Manganese dioxide, occurring in tetragonal crystals nearly as
hard as quartz.

POLICATE
Pol"i*cate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pollicate.

POLICE
Po*lice", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. politia the condition of a state,
government, administration, Gr. pur, puri. Cf. Policy polity,
Polity.]

1. A judicial and executive system, for the government of a city,
town, or district, for the preservation of rights, order,
cleanliness, health, etc., and for the enforcement of the laws and
prevention of crime; the administration of the laws and regulations
of a city, incorporated town, or borough.

2. That which concerns the order of the community; the internal
regulation of a state.

3. The organized body of civil officers in a city, town, or district,
whose particular duties are the preservation of good order, the
prevention and detection of crime, and the enforcement of the laws.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: Military police, the body of soldiers detailed to preserve
civil order and attend to sanitary arrangements in a camp or
garrison.

5. The cleaning of a camp or garrison, or the state Police
commissioner, a civil officer, usually one of a board, commissioned
to regulate and control the appointment, duties, and discipline of
the police.
 -- Police constable, or Police officer, a policeman.
 -- Police court, a minor court to try persons brought before it by
the police.
 -- Police inspector, an officer of police ranking next below a
superintendent.
 -- Police jury, a body of officers who collectively exercise
jurisdiction in certain cases of police, as levying taxes, etc.; --
so called in Louisiana. Bouvier.
 -- Police justice, or Police magistrate, a judge of a police court.
 -- Police offenses (Law), minor offenses against the order of the
community, of which a police court may have final jurisdiction.
 -- Police station, the headquarters of the police, or of a section
of them; the place where the police assemble for orders, and to which
they take arrested persons.

POLICE
Po*lice", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Policed; p. pr. & vb. n. Policing.]

1. To keep in order by police.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To make clean; as, to police a camp.

POLICED
Po*liced", a.

Defn: Regulated by laws for the maintenance of peace and order,
enforced by organized administration. "A policed kingdom." Howell.

POLICEMAN
Po*lice"man, n.; pl. Policemen (.

Defn: A member of a body of police; a constable.

POLICE POWER
Police power. (Law)

Defn: The inherent power of a government to regulate its police
affairs. The term police power is not definitely fixed in meaning. In
the earlier cases in the United States it was used as including the
whole power of internal government, or the powers of government
inherent in every sovereignty to the extent of its dominions (11
Peters (U. S.) 102). The later cases have excepted from its domain
the development and administration of private law. Modern political
science defines the power as a branch of internal administration in
the exercise of which the executive should move within the lines of
general principles prescribed by the constitution or the legislature,
and in the exercise of which the most local governmental
organizations should participate as far as possible (Burgess). Under
this limitation the police power, as affecting persons, is the power
of the state to protect the public against the abuse of individual
liberty, that is, to restrain the individual in the exercise of his
rights when such exercise becomes a danger to the community. The
tendency of judicial and popular usage is towards this narrower
definition.

POLICIAL
Po*li"cial (, a.

Defn: Relating to the police. [R.]

POLICIED
Pol"i*cied, a.

Defn: Policed. [Obs.] Bacon.

POLICY
Pol"i*cy, n.; pl. Policies. Etym: [L. politia, Gr. police, Of.
police. See Police, n.]

1. Civil polity. [Obs.]

2. The settled method by which the government and affairs of a nation
are, or may be, administered; a system of public or official
administration, as designed to promote the external or internal
prosperity of a state.

3. The method by which any institution is administered; system of
management; course.

4. Management or administration based on temporal or material
interest, rather than on principles of equity or honor; hence,
worldly wisdom; dexterity of management; cunning; stratagem.

5. Prudence or wisdom in the management of public and private
affairs; wisdom; sagacity; wit.
The very policy of a hostess, finding his purse so far above his
clothes, did detect him. Fuller.

6. Motive; object; inducement. [Obs.]
What policy have you to bestow a benefit where it is counted an
injury Sir P. Sidney.

Syn.
 -- See Polity.

POLICY
Pol"i*cy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Policied; p. pr. & vb. n. Policying.]

Defn: To regulate by laws; to reduce to order. [Obs.] "Policying of
cities." Bacon.

POLICY
Pol"i*cy, n. Etym: [F. police; cf. Pr. polissia, Sp. pólizia, It.
pólizza; of uncertain origin; cf. L. pollex thumb (as being used in
pressing the seal), in LL. also, seal; or cf. LL. politicum,
poleticum, polecticum, L. polyptychum, account book, register, fr.
Gr. apodixa a receipt.]

1. A ticket or warrant for money in the public funds.

2. The writing or instrument in which a contract of insurance is
embodied; an instrument in writing containing the terms and
conditions on which one party engages to indemnify another against
loss arising from certain hazards, perils, or risks to which his
person or property may be exposed. See Insurance.

3. A method of gambling by betting as to what numbers will be drawn
in a lottery; as, to play policy. Interest policy, a policy that
shows by its form that the assured has a real, substantial interest
in the matter insured.
 -- Open policy, one in which the value of the goods or property
insured is not mentioned.
 -- Policy book, a book to contain a record of insurance policies.
 -- Policy holder, one to whom an insurance policy has been granted.
 -- Policy shop, a gambling place where one may bet on the numbers
which will be drawn in lotteries.
 -- Valued policy, one in which the value of the goods, property, or
interest insured is specified.
 -- Wager policy, a policy that shows on the face of it that the
contract it embodies is a pretended insurance, founded on an ideal
risk, where the insured has no interest in anything insured.

POLING
Pol"ing, n. Etym: [From Pole a stick.]

1. The act of supporting or of propelling by means of a pole or
poles; as, the poling of beans; the poling of a boat.

2. (Gardening)

Defn: The operation of dispersing worm casts over the walks with
poles.

3. One of the poles or planks used in upholding the side earth in
excavating a tunnel, ditch, etc.

POLISH
Pol"ish, a. Etym: [From Pole a Polander.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Poland or its inhabitants.
 -- n.

Defn: The language of the Poles.

POLISH
Pol"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polished; p. pr. & vb. n. Polishing.]
Etym: [F. polir, L. polire. Cf. Polite, -ish]

1. To make smooth and glossy, usually by friction; to burnish; to
overspread with luster; as, to polish glass, marble, metals, etc.

2. Hence, to refine; to wear off the rudeness, coarseness, or
rusticity of; to make elegant and polite; as, to polish life or
manners. Milton. To polish off, to finish completely, as an
adversary. [Slang] W. H. Russell.

POLISH
Pol"ish, v. i.

Defn: To become smooth, as from friction; to receive a gloss; to take
a smooth and glossy surface; as, steel polishes well. Bacon.

POLISH
Pol"ish, n.

1. A smooth, glossy surface, usually produced by friction; a gloss or
luster.
Another prism of clearer glass and better polish. Sir I. Newton.

2. Anything used to produce a gloss.

3. Fig.: Refinement; elegance of manners.
This Roman polish and this smooth behavior. Addison.

POLISHABLE
Pol"ish*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being polished.

POLISHED
Pol"ished, a.

Defn: Made smooth and glossy, as by friction; hence, highly finished;
refined; polite; as, polished plate; polished manners; polished
verse.

POLISHEDNESS
Pol"ished*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being polished.

POLISHER
Pol"ish*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, polishes; also, that which is used in
polishing. Addison.

POLISHING
Pol"ish*ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Polish. Polishing iron, an iron burnisher; esp., a
small smoothing iron used in laundries.
 -- Polishing slate. (a) A gray or yellow slate, found in Bohemia and
Auvergne, and used for polishing glass, marble, and metals. (b) A
kind of hone or whetstone; hone slate.
 -- Polishing snake, a tool used in cleaning lithographic stones.
 -- Polishing wheel, a wheel or disk coated with, or composed of,
abrading material, for polishing a surface.

POLISHMENT
Pol"ish*ment, n.

Defn: The act of polishing, or the state of being polished. [R.]

POLISSOIR
Po`lis`soir", n. [F.]

1. A polishing or grinding implement or instrument.

2.  (Glass Making) A tool consisting of a flat wooden block with a
long iron handle, used for flattening out split cylinders of blown
glass.

POLITE
Po*lite", a. [Compar. Politer; superl. Politest.] Etym: [L. politus,
p. p. of polire to polish: cf. F. poli. See Polish, v.]

1. Smooth; polished. [Obs.]
Rays of light falling on a polite surface. Sir I. Newton.

2. Smooth and refined in behavior or manners; well bred; courteous;
complaisant; obliging; civil.
He marries, bows at court, and grows polite. Pope.

3. Characterized by refinement, or a high degree of finish; as,
polite literature. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Polished; refined; well bred; courteous; affable; urbane; civil;
courtly; elegant; genteel.

POLITE
Po*lite", v. t.

Defn: To polish; to refine; to render polite. [Obs.] Ray.

POLITELY
Po*lite"ly, adv.

1. In a polished manner; so as to be smooth or glossy. [Obs.] Milton.

2. In a polite manner; with politeness.

POLITENESS
Po*lite"ness, n.

1. High finish; smoothness; burnished elegance. [R.] Evelyn.

2. The quality or state of being polite; refinement of manners;
urbanity; courteous behavior; complaisance; obliging attentions.

Syn.
 -- Courtesy; good breeding; refinement; urbanity; courteousness;
affability; complaisance; civility; gentility; courtliness.
 -- Politeness, Courtesy. Politeness denotes that ease and
gracefulness of manners which first sprung up in cities, connected
with a desire to please others by anticipating their wants and
wishes, and studiously avoiding whatever might give them pain.
Courtesy is, etymologically, the politeness of courts. It displays
itself in the address and manners; it is shown more especially in
receiving and entertaining others, and is a union of dignified
complaisance and kindness.

POLITESSE
Pol`i*tesse", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Politeness.

POLITIC
Pol"i*tic, a. Etym: [L. politicus political, Gr. politique. See
Police, and cf. ePolitical.]

1. Of or pertaining to polity, or civil government; political; as,
the body politic. See under Body.
He with his people made all but one politic body. Sir P. Sidney.

2. Pertaining to, or promoting, a policy, especially a national
policy; well-devised; adapted to its end, whether right or wrong; --
said of things; as, a politic treaty. "Enrich'd with politic grave
counsel." Shak.

3. Sagacious in promoting a policy; ingenious in devising and
advancing a system of management; devoted to a scheme or system
rather than to a principle; hence, in a good sense, wise; prudent;
sagacious; and in a bad sense, artful; unscrupulous; cunning; -- said
of persons.
Politic with my friend, smooth with mine enemy. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Wise; prudent; sagacious; discreet; provident; wary; artful;
cunning.

POLITIC
Pol`i*tic, n.

Defn: A politician. [Archaic] Bacon.
Swiftly the politic goes; is it dark he borrows a lantern; Slowly the
statesman and sure, guiding his feet by the stars. Lowell.

POLITICAL
Po*lit"i*cal, a.

1. Having, or conforming to, a settled system of administration. [R.]
"A political government." Evelyn.

2. Of or pertaining to public policy, or to politics; relating to
affairs of state or administration; as, a political writer. "The
political state of Europe." Paley.

3. Of or pertaining to a party, or to parties, in the state; as, his
political relations were with the Whigs.

4. Politic; wise; also, artful. [Obs.] Sterne. Political economy,
that branch of political science or philosophy which treats of the
sources, and methods of production and preservation, of the material
wealth and prosperity of nations.

POLITICALISM
Po*lit"i*cal*ism, n.

Defn: Zeal or party spirit in politics.

POLITICALLY
Po*lit"i*cal*ly, adv.

1. In a political manner.

2. Politicly; artfully. [Obs.] Knolles.

POLITICASTER
Po*lit"i*cas`ter, n. Etym: [Cf. It. politicastro.]

Defn: A petty politician; a pretender in politics. Milton.

POLITICIAN
Pol`i*ti"cian, n. Etym: [Cf. F. politicien.]

1. One versed or experienced in the science of government; one
devoted to politics; a statesman.
While empiric politicians use deceit. Dryden.

2. One primarily devoted to his own advancement in public office, or
to the success of a political party; -- used in a depreciatory sense;
one addicted or attached to politics as managed by parties (see
Politics, 2); a schemer; an intriguer; as, a mere politician.
Like a scurvy politician, seem To see the things thou dost not. Shak.
The politician . . . ready to do anything that he apprehends for his
advantage. South.

POLITICIAN
Pol`i*ti"cian, a.

Defn: Cunning; using artifice; politic; artful. "Ill-meaning
politician lords." Milton.

POLITICIST
Po*lit"i*cist, n.

Defn: A political writer. [R.]

POLITICLY
Pol"i*tic*ly, adv.

Defn: In a politic manner; sagaciously; shrewdly; artfully. Pope.

POLITICS
Pol"i*tics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. politique, Gr. Politic.]

1. The science of government; that part of ethics which has to do
with the regulation and government of a nation or state, the
preservation of its safety, peace, and prosperity, the defense of its
existence and rights against foreign control or conquest, the
augmentation of its strength and resources, and the protection of its
citizens in their rights, with the preservation and improvement of
their morals.

2. The management of a political party; the conduct and contests of
parties with reference to political measures or the administration of
public affairs; the advancement of candidates to office; in a bad
sense, artful or dishonest management to secure the success of
political candidates or parties; political trickery.
When we say that two men are talking politics, we often mean that
they are wrangling about some mere party question. F. W. Robertson.

POLITIZE
Pol"i*tize, v. i.

Defn: To play the politician; to dispute as politicians do. [Obs.]
Milton.

POLITURE
Pol"i*ture, n. Etym: [L. politura, fr. polire to polish. See Polish,
v.]

Defn: Polish; gloss. [Obs.] Donne.

POLITY
Pol"i*ty, n.; pl. Polities. Etym: [L. politia, Gr. politie. See 1st
Policy, Police.]

1. The form or constitution of the civil government of a nation or
state; the framework or organization by which the various departments
of government are combined into a systematic whole. Blackstone.
Hooker.

2. Hence: The form or constitution by which any institution is
organized; the recognized principles which lie at the foundation of
any human institution.
Nor is possible that any form of polity, much less polity
ecclesiastical, should be good, unless God himself be author of it.
Hooker.

3. Policy; art; management. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Syn.
 -- Policy.
 -- Polity, Policy. These two words were originally the same. Polity
is now confined to the structure of a government; as, civil or
ecclesiastical polity; while policy is applied to the scheme of
management of public affairs with reference to some aim or result;
as, foreign or domestic policy. Policy has the further sense of
skillful or cunning management.

POLITZERIZATION
Po*litz`er*i*za"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: The act of inflating the middle ear by blowing air up the nose
during the act of swallowing; -- so called from Prof. Politzer of
Vienna, who first practiced it.

POLIVE
Pol"ive, n.

Defn: A pulley. [Obs.] Chaucer.

POLKA
Pol"ka, n. Etym: [Pol. Polka a Polish woman: cf. F. & G. polka.]

1. A dance of Polish origin, but now common everywhere. It is
performed by two persons in common time.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A lively Bohemian or Polish dance tune in 2-4 measure, with the
third quaver accented. Polka jacket, a kind of knit jacket worn by
women.

POLL
Poll, n. Etym: [From Polly, The proper name.]

Defn: A parrot; -- familiarly so called.

POLL
Poll, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who does not try for honors, but is content to take a
degree merely; a passman. [Cambridge Univ., Eng.]

POLL
Poll, n. Etym: [Akin to LG. polle the head, the crest of a bird, the
top of a tree, OD. pol, polle, Dan. puld the crown of a hat.]

1. The head; the back part of the head. "All flaxen was his poll."
Shak.

2. A number or aggregate of heads; a list or register of heads or
individuals.
We are the greater poll, and in true fear They gave us our demands.
Shak.
The muster file, rotten and sound, upon my life, amounts not to
fifteen thousand poll. Shak.

3. Specifically, the register of the names of electors who may vote
in an election.

4. The casting or recording of the votes of registered electors; as,
the close of the poll.
All soldiers quartered in place are to remove . . . and not to return
till one day after the poll is ended. Blackstone.

5. pl.

Defn: The place where the votes are cast or recorded; as, to go to
the polls.

6. The broad end of a hammer; the but of an ax.

7. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European chub. See Pollard, 3 (a). Poll book, a register of
persons entitled to vote at an election.
 -- Poll evil (Far.), an inflammatory swelling or abscess on a
horse's head, confined beneath the great ligament of the neck.
 -- Poll pick (Mining), a pole having a heavy spike on the end,
forming a kind of crowbar.
 -- Poll tax, a tax levied by the head, or poll; a capitation tax.

POLL
Poll, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polled; p. pr. & vb. n. Polling.]

1. To remove the poll or head of; hence, to remove the top or end of;
to clip; to lop; to shear; as, to poll the head; to poll a tree.
When he [Absalom] pollled his head. 2 Sam. xiv. 26.
His death did so grieve them that they polled themselves; they
clipped off their horse and mule's hairs. Sir T. North.

2. To cut off; to remove by clipping, shearing, etc.; to mow or crop;
-- sometimes with off; as, to poll the hair; to poll wool; to poll
grass.
Who, as he polled off his dart's head, so sure he had decreed That
all the counsels of their war he would poll off like it. Chapman.

3. To extort from; to plunder; to strip. [Obs.]
Which polls and pills the poor in piteous wise. Spenser.

4. To impose a tax upon. [Obs.]

5. To pay as one's personal tax.
The man that polled but twelve pence for his head. Dryden.

6. To enter, as polls or persons, in a list or register; to enroll,
esp. for purposes of taxation; to enumerate one by one.
Polling the reformed churches whether they equalize in number those
of his three kingdoms. Milton.

7. To register or deposit, as a vote; to elicit or call forth, as
votes or voters; as, he polled a hundred votes more than his
opponent.
And poll for points of faith his trusty vote. Tickell.

8. (Law)

Defn: To cut or shave smooth or even; to cut in a straight line
without indentation; as, a polled deed. See Dee. Burrill. To poll a
jury, to call upon each member of the jury to answer individually as
to his concurrence in a verdict which has been rendered.

POLL
Poll, v. i.

Defn: To vote at an election. Beaconsfield.

POLLACK
Pol"lack, n. Etym: [Cf. G. & D. pollack, and Gael. pollag a little
pool, a sort of fish.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A marine gadoid food fish of Europe (Pollachius virens). Called
also greenfish, greenling, lait, leet, lob, lythe, and whiting
pollack.
(b) The American pollock; the coalfish.

POLLAGE
Poll"age, n.

Defn: A head or poll tax; hence, extortion. [Obs.] Foxe.

POLLAN
Pol"lan, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. pollag a kind of fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lake whitefish (Coregonus pollan), native of Ireland. In
appearance it resembles a herring.

POLLARD
Pol"lard, n. Etym: [From Poll the head.]

1. A tree having its top cut off at some height above the ground,
that may throw out branches. Pennant.

2. A clipped coin; also, a counterfeit. [Obs.] Camden.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) A fish, the chub.
(b) A stag that has cast its antlers.
(c) A hornless animal (cow or sheep).

POLLARD
Pol"lard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pollarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Pollarding.]

Defn: To lop the tops of, as trees; to poll; as, to pollard willows.
Evelyn.

POLLAX
Poll"ax`, n.

Defn: A poleax. [Obs.] Chaucer.

POLLED
Polled, a.

Defn: Deprived of a poll, or of something belonging to the poll.
Specifically: (a) Lopped; -- said of trees having their tops cut off.
(b) Cropped; hence, bald; -- said of a person. "The polled bachelor."
Beau. & Fl. (c) Having cast the antlers; -- said of a stag. (d)
Without horns; as, polled cattle; polled sheep.

POLLEN
Pol"len, n. Etym: [L. pollen fine flour, fine dust; cf. Gr.

1. Fine bran or flour. [Obs.] Bailey.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The fecundating dustlike cells of the anthers of flowers. See
Flower, and Illust. of Filament. Pollen grain (Bot.), a particle or
call of pollen.
 -- Pollen mass, a pollinium. Gray.
 -- Pollen sac, a compartment of an anther containing pollen, --
usually there are four in each anther.
 -- Pollen tube, a slender tube which issues from the pollen grain on
its contact with the stigma, which it penetrates, thus conveying, it
is supposed, the fecundating matter of the grain to the ovule.

POLLENARIOUS
Pol`len*a"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Consisting of meal or pollen.

POLLENED
Pol"lened, a.

Defn: Covered with pollen. Tennyson.

POLLENIFEROUS
Pol`len*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Pollen + -ferous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Producing pollen; polliniferous.

POLLENIN
Pol"len*in, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pollénine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A substance found in the pollen of certain plants. [R.]

POLLENIZE
Pol"len*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pollenized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pollenizing.]

Defn: To supply with pollen; to impregnate with pollen.

POLLER
Poll"er, n. Etym: [From Poll]

Defn: One who polls; specifically: (a) One who polls or lops trees.
(b) One who polls or cuts hair; a barber. [R.] (c) One who extorts or
plunders. [Obs.] Bacon. (d) One who registers voters, or one who
enters his name as a voter.

POLLEX
Pol"lex, n.; pl. Pollices. Etym: [L., the thumb.] (Anat.)

Defn: The first, or preaxial, digit of the fore limb, corresponding
to the hallux in the hind limb; the thumb. In birds, the pollex is
the joint which bears the bastard wing.

POLLICATE
Pol"li*cate, a. Etym: [L. pollex, pollicis, a thumb.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a curved projection or spine on the inner side of a leg
joint; -- said of insects.

POLLICITATION
Pol*lic`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. pollicitatio, fr. pollicitari to
promise, v. intens. fr. polliceri to promise: cf. F. pollicitation.]

1. A voluntary engagement, or a paper containing it; a promise. Bp.
Burnet.

2. (Roman Law)

Defn: A promise without mutuality; a promise which has not been
accepted by the person to whom it is made. Bouvier.

POLLINATE
Pol"li*nate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pollinose.

POLLINATE
Pol"li*nate, v. t. (Bot.)

Defn: To apply pollen to (a stigma).
 -- Pol`li*na"tion, n. (Bot.)

POLLINCTOR
Pol*linc"tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. pollingere.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: One who prepared corpses for the funeral.

POLLING
Poll"ing, n. Etym: [See Poll the head.]

1. The act of topping, lopping, or cropping, as trees or hedges.

2. Plunder, or extortion. [Obs.] E. Hall.

3. The act of voting, or of registering a vote. Polling booth, a
temporary structure where the voting at an election is done; a
polling place.

POLLINIFEROUS
Pol`li*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. pollen, -inis, pollen + -ferous: cf.
F. pollinifère.] (Bot.)

Defn: Producing pollen; polleniferous.

POLLINIUM
Pol*lin"i*um, n.; pl. Pollinia. Etym: [NL. See Pollen.] (Bot.)

Defn: A coherent mass of pollen, as in the milkweed and most orchids.

POLLINOSE
Pol"li*nose`, a. Etym: [L. pollen, -inis, dust.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the surface covered with a fine yellow dust, like
pollen.

POLLIWIG; POLLIWOG
Pol"li*wig, Pol"li*wog, n. Etym: [OE. polwigle. Cf. Poll head, and
Wiggle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tadpole; -- called also purwiggy and porwigle.

POLLOCK
Pol"lock, n. Etym: [See Pollack.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine gadoid fish (Pollachius carbonarius), native both of
the European and American coasts. It is allied to the cod, and like
it is salted and dried. In England it is called coalfish, lob,
podley, podling, pollack, etc.

POLLUCITE
Pol"lu*cite, n. Etym: [See Pollux, and 4th Castor.] (Min.)

Defn: A colorless transparent mineral, resembling quartz, occurring
with castor or castorite on the island of Elba. It is a silicate of
alumina and cæsia. Called also pollux.

POLLUTE
Pol*lute", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polluted; p. pr. & vb. n. Polluting.]
Etym: [L. pollutus, p. p. of polluere to defile, to pollute, from a
prep. appearing only in comp. + luere to wash. See Position, Lave.]

1. To make foul, impure, or unclean; to defile; to taint; to soil; to
desecrate; -- used of physical or moral defilement.
The land was polluted with blood. Ps. cvi. 38
Wickedness . . . hath polluted the whole earth. 2 Esd. xv. 6.

2. To violate sexually; to debauch; to dishonor.

3. (Jewish Law)

Defn: To render ceremonially unclean; to disqualify or unfit for
sacred use or service, or for social intercourse.
Neither shall ye pollute the holy things of the children of Israel,
lest ye die. Num. xviii. 32.
They have polluted themselves with blood. Lam. iv. 14.

Syn.
 -- To defile; soil; contaminate; corrupt; taint; vitiate; debauch;
dishonor; ravish.

POLLUTE
Pol*lute", a. Etym: [L. pollutus.]

Defn: Polluted. [R.] Milton.

POLLUTED
Pol*lut"ed, a.

Defn: Defiled; made unclean or impure; debauched.
 -- Pol*lut"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Pol*lut"ed*ness, n.

POLLUTER
Pol*lut"er, n.

Defn: One who pollutes. Dryden.

POLLUTING
Pol*lut"ing, a.

Defn: Adapted or tending to pollute; causing defilement or pollution.
 -- Pol*lut"ing*ly, adv.

POLLUTION
Pol*lu"tion, n. Etym: [L. pollutio: cf. F. pollution.]

1. The act of polluting, or the state of being polluted (in any sense
of the verb); defilement; uncleanness; impurity.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The emission of semen, or sperm, at other times than in sexual
intercourse. Dunglison.

POLLUX
Pol"lux, n. Etym: [L., the twin brother of castor; also, the
constellation.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: A fixed star of the second magnitude, in the constellation
Gemini. Cf. 3d Castor.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Pollucite.

POLLY
Pol"ly, n.

Defn: A woman's name; also, a popular name for a parrot.

POLLYWOG
Pol"ly*wog, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A polliwig.

POLO
Po"lo, n. Etym: [Of Eastern origin; -- properly, the ball used in the
game.]

1. A game of ball of Eastern origin, resembling hockey, with the
players on horseback.

2. A similar game played on the ice, or on a prepared floor, by
players wearing skates.

POLONAISE
Po`lo*naise", a. Etym: [F. polonais, polonaise, Polish.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Poles, or to Poland. [Written also
Polonese.]

POLONAISE
Po`lo*naise", n. Etym: [Written also Polonese and Polonoise.]

1. The Polish language.

2. An article of dress for women, consisting of a body and an outer
skirt in one piece.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A stately Polish dance tune, in 3-4 measure, beginning always
on the beat with a quaver followed by a crotchet, and closing on the
beat after a strong accent on the second beat; also, a dance adapted
to such music; a polacca.

POLONESE
Po`lo*nese", a. & n.

Defn: See Polonaise.

POLONIUM
Po*lo"ni*um, n. [NL. So named after Poland, in L. form Polonia, one
of the discoverers being a Pole.] (Chem.)

Defn: A supposed new element, a radioactive substance discovered by
M. and MMe. Curie in pitchblende. It is closely related chemically to
bismuth. It emits only alpha rays and is perhaps identical with
radium F.

POLONY
Po*lo"ny, n. Etym: [Prob. corrupt. fr. Bologna.]

Defn: A kind of sausage made of meat partly cooked.

POLRON
Pol"ron, n.

Defn: See Pauldron.

POLT
Polt, n. Etym: [Cf. E. pelt, L. pultare to beat, strike.]

Defn: A blow or thump. Halliwell.
 -- a.

Defn: Distorted. Pot foot, a distorted foot. Sir T. Herbert.

POLT-FOOT; POLT-FOOTED
Polt"-foot`, Polt"-foot`ed, a.

Defn: Having a distorted foot, or a clubfoot or clubfeet. B. Jonson.

POLTROON
Pol*troon", n. Etym: [F. poltron, from It. poltrone an idle fellow,
sluggard, coward, poltro idle, lazy, also, bed, fr. OHG. polstar,
bolstar, cushion, G. polster, akin to E. bolster. See Bolster.]

Defn: An arrant coward; a dastard; a craven; a mean-spirited wretch.
Shak.

POLTROON
Pol*troon", a.

Defn: Base; vile; contemptible; cowardly.

POLTROONERY
Pol*troon"er*y, n. Etym: [F. poltronnerie; cf. It. poltroneria.]

Defn: Cowardice; want of spirit; pusillanimity.

POLTROONISH
Pol*troon"ish, a.

Defn: Resembling a poltroon; cowardly.

POLVERINE
Pol"ve*rine, n. Etym: [It. polverino, fr. polvere ust, L. pulvis, -
veris. See Powder.]

Defn: Glassmaker's ashes; a kind of potash or pearlash, brought from
the Levant and Syria, -- used in the manufacture of fine glass.

POLWIG
Pol"wig, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A polliwig. Holland.

POLY-
Pol"y-. Etym: [See Full, a.]

Defn: A combining form or prefix from Gr. poly`s, many; as, polygon,
a figure of many angles; polyatomic, having many atoms; polychord,
polyconic.

POLY
Po"ly, n. Etym: [L. polium, the name of a plant, perhaps Teucrium
polium, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A whitish woolly plant (Teucrium Polium) of the order Labiatæ,
found throughout the Mediterranean region. The name, with sundry
prefixes, is sometimes given to other related species of the same
genus. [Spelt also poley.] Poly mountain. See Poly-mountain, in
Vocabulary.

POLYACID
Pol`y*ac"id, a. Etym: [Poly- + acid.] (Chem.)

Defn: Capable of neutralizing, or of combining with, several
molecules of a monobasic acid; having more than one hydrogen atom
capable of being replaced by acid radicals; -- said of certain bases;
as, calcium hydrate and glycerin are polyacid bases.

POLYACOUSTIC
Pol`y*a*cous"tic, a. Etym: [Poly- + acoustic: cf. F. polyacoustique.]

Defn: Multiplying or magnifying sound.
 -- n.

Defn: A polyacoustic instrument.

POLYACOUSTICS
Pol`y*a*cous"tics, n.

Defn: The art of multiplying or magnifying sounds.

POLYACRON
Pol`y*a"cron, n.; pl. Polyacra, E. Polyacrons. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
poly`s many + 'a`kron summit.] (Geom.)

Defn: A solid having many summits or angular points; a polyhedron.

POLYACTINIA
Pol`y*ac*tin"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Poly-, and Actinia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An old name for those Anthozoa which, like the actinias, have
numerous simple tentacles.

POLYADELPHIA
Pol`y*a*del"phi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan class of plants having stamens united in three or
more bodies or bundles by the filaments.

POLYADELPHIAN; POLYADELPHOUS
Pol`y*a*del"phi*an, Pol`y*a*del"phous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to the class Polyadelphia; having stamens united in
three or more bundles.

POLYANDRIA
Pol`y*an"dri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Polyandry.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan class of monoclinous or hermaphrodite plants, having
many stamens, or any number above twenty, inserted in the receptacle.

POLYANDRIAN
Pol`y*an"dri*an, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Polyandrous.

POLYANDRIC
Pol`y*an"dric, a. Etym: [Cf. polyandrique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, polyandry; mating with
several males. "Polyandric societies." H. Spencer.

POLYANDROUS
Pol`y*an"drous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to the class Polyandria; having many stamens, or any
number above twenty, inserted in the receptacle.

POLYANDRY
Pol`y*an"dry, n. Etym: [Poly- + Gr. polyandrie.]

Defn: The possession by a woman of more than one husband at the same
time; -- contrasted with Ant: monandry.

Note: In law, this falls under the head of polygamy.

POLYANTHUS
Pol`y*an"thus, n.; pl. Polyanthuses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. [Written
also polyanthos.] (Bot.)
(a) The oxlip. So called because the peduncle bears a many-flowered
umbel. See Oxlip. (b) A bulbous flowering plant of the genus
Narcissus (N. Tazetta, or N. polyanthus of some authors). See Illust.
of Narcissus.

POLYARCHIST
Pol"y*ar`chist, n.

Defn: One who advocates polyarchy; -- opposed to monarchist.
Cudworth.

POLYARCHY
Pol"y*ar`chy, n. Etym: [Poly- + -archy: cf. F. polyarchie. Cf.
Polarchy.]

Defn: A government by many persons, of whatever order or class.
Cudworth.

POLYATOMIC
Pol`y*a*tom"ic, a. Etym: [Poly- + atomic.] (Chem.)
(a) Having more than one atom in the molecule; consisting of several
atoms.
(b) Having a valence greater than one. [Obs.]

POLYAUTOGRAPHY
Pol`y*au*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Poly- + autography.]

Defn: The act or practice of multiplying copies of one's own
handwriting, or of manuscripts, by printing from stone, -- a species
of lithography.

POLYBASIC
Pol`y*ba"sic, a. Etym: [Poly- + basic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Capable of neutralizing, or of combining with, several
molecules of a monacid base; having several hydrogen atoms capable of
being replaced by basic radicals; -- said of certain acids; as,
sulphuric acid is polybasic.

POLYBASITE
Pol`y*ba"site, n. Etym: [See Polybasic.] (Min.)

Defn: An iron-black ore of silver, consisting of silver, sulphur, and
antimony, with some copper and arsenic.

POLYBRANCHIA
Pol`y*bran"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Poly-, and Branchia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Nudibranchiata including those which have
numerous branchiæ on the back.

POLYBROMIDE
Pol`y*bro"mide, n. Etym: [Poly- + bromide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bromide containing more than one atom of bromine in the
molecule.

POLYCARPELLARY
Pol`y*car"pel*la*ry, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Composed of several or numerous carpels; -- said of such fruits
as the orange.

POLYCARPIC; POLYCARPOUS
Pol`y*car"pic, Pol`y*car"pous, a. Etym: [Poly- + Gr. (Bot.)
(a) Bearing fruit repeatedly, or year after year.
(b) Having several pistils in one flower.

POLYCHAETA
Pol`y*chæ"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the two principal groups of Chætopoda. It includes those
that have prominent parapodia and fascicles of setæ. See Illust.
under Parapodia.

POLYCHLORIDE
Pol`y*chlo"ride, n. Etym: [Poly- + chloride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A chloride containing more than one atom of chlorine in the
molecule.

POLYCHOERANY
Pol`y*choer"a*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A government by many chiefs, princes, or rules. [Obs.]
Cudworth.

POLYCHORD
Pol"y*chord, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having many strings.

POLYCHORD
Pol"y*chord, n. (Mus.)
(a) A musical instrument of ten strings.
(b) An apparatus for coupling two octave notes, capable of being
attached to a keyed instrument.

POLYCHREST
Pol"y*chrest, n. Etym: [Gr. polychreste.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicine that serves for many uses, or that cures many
diseases. [Obs.] Polychrest salt (Old Med. Chem.), potassium
sulphate, specifically obtained by fusing niter with sulphur.

POLYCHROISM
Pol"y*chro*ism, n. Etym: [Poly- + Gr.

Defn: Same as Pleochroism.

POLYCHROITE
Pol"y*chro*ite, n. Etym: [Poly- + Gr. polychroïte.] (Chem.)

Defn: The coloring matter of saffron; -- formerly so called because
of the change of color on treatment with certain acids; -- called
also crocin, and safranin.

POLYCHROMATE
Pol`y*chro"mate, n. Etym: [See Polychromic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of a polychromic acid.

POLYCHROMATE
Pol`y*chro"mate, n. Etym: [See Polychromatic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound which exhibits, or from which may be prepared, a
variety of colors, as certain solutions derived from vegetables,
which display colors by fluorescence.

POLYCHROMATIC
Pol`y*chro*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Poly- + chromatic.]

Defn: Showing a variety, or a change, of colors. Polychromatic acid
(Old Chem.), a substance obtained by the action of nitric acid on
aloes.

POLYCHROME
Pol"y*chrome, n. Etym: [Poly- + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Esculin; -- so called in allusion to its fluorescent solutions.
[R.]

POLYCHROME
Pol"y*chrome, a. Etym: [Cf. F. polychrome.]

Defn: Executed in the manner of polychromy; as, polychrome printing.

POLYCHROMIC
Pol`y*chro"mic, a. Etym: [Poly- + (sense 1) Gr. chromic.]

1. Polychromatic.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, any one of several acids (known
only in their salts) which contain more than one atom of chromium.

POLYCHROMOUS
Pol`y*chro"mous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to polychromy; many-colored; polychromatic.

POLYCHROMY
Pol"y*chro`my, n. Etym: [Poly- + Gr. (Anc. Art)

Defn: The art or practice of combining different colors, especially
brilliant ones, in an artistic way.

POLYCHRONIOUS
Pol`y*chro"ni*ous, a. Etym: [Poly- + Gr.

Defn: Enduring through a long time; chronic.

POLYCLINIC
Pol`y*clin"ic, n. Etym: [Poly- + clinic.] (Med.)

Defn: A clinic in which diseases of many sorts are treated;
especially, an institution in which clinical instruction is given in
all kinds of disease.

POLYCONIC
Pol`y*con"ic, a. Etym: [Poly- + conic.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or based upon, many cones. Polyconic projection
(Map Making), a projection of the earth's surface, or any portion
thereof, by which each narrow zone is projected upon a conical
surface that touches the sphere along this zone, the conical surface
being then unrolled. This projection differs from conic projection in
that latter assumes but one cone for the whole map. Polyconic
projection is that in use in the United States coast and geodetic
survey.

POLYCOTYLEDON
Pol`y*cot`y*le"don, n. Etym: [Poly- + cotyledon: cf. F.
polycotylédone.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant that has many, or more than two, cotyledons in the
seed.
 -- Pol`y*cot`y*led"on*ous, a.

POLYCOTYLEDONARY
Pol`y*cot`y*led"on*a*ry, a. Etym: [Poly- + cotyledonary.] (Anat.)

Defn: Having the villi of the placenta collected into definite
patches, or cotyledons.

POLYCRACY
Po*lyc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Poly- + -cracy, as in democracy.]

Defn: Government by many rulers; polyarchy.

POLYCROTIC
Pol`y*crot"ic, a. Etym: [Poly- + Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to polycrotism; manifesting polycrotism; as, a
polycrotic pulse; a polycrotic pulse curve.

POLYCROTISM
Po*lyc"ro*tism, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: That state or condition of the pulse in which the pulse curve,
or sphygmogram, shows several secondary crests or elevations; --
contrasted with monocrotism and dicrotism.

POLYCYSTID
Pol`y*cys"tid, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the Polycystidea.
(b) One of the Polycystina.
 -- a.

Defn: Pertaining to the Polycystidea, or the Polycystina.

POLYCYSTIDEA
Pol`y*cys*tid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Poly-, and Cystidea.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Gregarinæ including those that have two or more
internal divisions of the body.

POLYCYSTINA
Pol`y*cys*ti"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Poly-, and Cyst.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Radiolaria including numerous minute marine
species. The skeleton is composed of silica, and is often very
elegant in form and sculpture. Many have been found in the fossil
state.

POLYCYSTINE
Pol`y*cys"tine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Polycystina.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Polycystina.

POLYCYTTARIA
Pol`y*cyt*ta"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Radiolaria. It includes those having one more
central capsules.

POLYDACTYLISM
Pol`y*dac"tyl*ism, n. Etym: [Poly- + Gr. polydactylisme.] (Anat.)

Defn: The possession of more that the normal number of digits.

POLYDIPSIA
Pol`y*dip"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Excessive and constant thirst occasioned by disease.

POLYEDRON
Pol`y*e"dron, n.

Defn: See Polyhedron.

POLYEDROUS
Pol`y*e"drous, a.

Defn: See Polyhedral.

POLYEIDIC
Pol`y*ei"dic, a. Etym: [Poly- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Passing through several distinct larval forms; -- having
several distinct kinds of young.

POLYEIDISM
Pol`y*ei"dism, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The quality or state of being polyeidic.

POLYEMBRYONATE
Pol`y*em"bry*o*nate, a. Etym: [Poly- + embryonate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Consisting of, or having, several embryos; polyembryonic.

POLYEMBRYONIC
Pol`y*em`bry*on"ic, a. Etym: [Poly- + embryonic.] (Bot.)

Defn: Polyembryonate.

POLYEMBRYONY
Pol`y*em"bry*o*ny, n. Etym: [See Poly-, and Embryo.] (Bot.)

Defn: The production of two or more embryos in one seed, due either
to the existence and fertilization of more than one embryonic sac or
to the origination of embryos outside of the embryonic sac.

POLYFOIL
Pol"y*foil, n. Etym: [Poly- + foil, n.] (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Multifoil.

POLYGALA
Po*lyg"a*la, n. Etym: [L., milkwort, fr. Gr.

Defn: A genus of bitter herbs or shrubs having eight stamens and a
two-celled ovary (as the Seneca snakeroot, the flowering wintergreen,
etc.); milkwort.

POLYGALACEOUS
Pol`y*ga*la"ceous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Polygalaceæ) of
which Polygala is the type.

POLYGALIC
Po*lyg"a*lic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, Polygala; specifically,
designating an acrid glucoside (called polygalic acid, senegin,
etc.), resembling, or possibly identical with, saponin.

POLYGAMIA
Pol`y*ga"mi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Polygamous.] (Bot.)
(a) A Linnæan class of plants, characterized by having both
hermaphrodite and unisexual flowers on the same plant.
(b) A name given by Linnæus to file orders of plants having
syngenesious flowers.

POLYGAMIAN
Pol`y*ga"mi*an, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Polygamous.

POLYGAMIST
Po*lyg"a*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. polygamiste, polygame, Gr. a.]

Defn: One who practices polygamy, or maintains its lawfulness.

POLYGAMIZE
Po*lyg"a*mize, v. i.

Defn: To practice polygamy; to marry several wives. Sylvester.
Coleridge.

POLYGAMOUS
Po*lyg"a*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. Bigamy.]

1. Of or pertaining to polygamy; characterized by, or involving,
polygamy; having a plurality of wives; as, polygamous marriages; --
opposed to monogamous.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pairing with more than one female.
Most deer, cattle, and sheep are polygamous. Darwin.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to the Polygamia; bearing both hermaphrodite and
unisexual flowers on the same plant.

POLYGAMY
Po*lyg"a*my, n. Etym: [Gr. polygamie.]

1. The having of a plurality of wives or husbands at the same time;
usually, the marriage of a man to more than one woman, or the
practice of having several wives, at the same time; -- opposed to
monogamy; as, the nations of the East practiced polygamy. See the
Note under Bigamy, and cf. Polyandry.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The state or habit of having more than one mate.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The condition or state of a plant which bears both perfect and
unisexual flowers.

POLYGASTRIAN
Pol`y*gas"tri*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Polygastrica. [Obs.]

POLYGASTRIC
Pol`y*gas"tric, a. Etym: [Poly- + gastric: cf. F. polygastrique.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Having several bellies; -- applied to muscles which are made up
of several bellies separated by short tendons.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Polygastrica. [Obs.]

POLYGASTRIC
Pol`y*gas"tric, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Polygastrica.

POLYGASTRICA
Pol`y*gas"tri*ca, n. pl. Etym: [NL. So called because they were
supposed to have several stomachs, or digestive cavities.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Infusoria. [Obs.]

POLYGENESIS; POLYGENY
Pol`y*gen"e*sis, Po*lyg"e*ny, n. Etym: [Poly- + genesis, or root of
Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The theory that living organisms originate in cells or embryos
of different kinds, instead of coming from a single cell; -- opposed
to monogenesis.

POLYGENETIC
Pol`y*ge*net"ic, a.

1. Having many distinct sources; originating at various places or
times. 2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to polygenesis; polyphyletic.
Polygenetic mountain range (Geol.), one which is composite, or
consists of two or more monogenetic ranges, each having had its own
history of development. Dana.

POLYGENIC
Pol`y*gen"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or relating to polygeny; polygenetic.

POLYGENISM
Po*lyg"e*nism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. polygénisme.] (Biol.)

Defn: The doctrine that animals of the same species have sprung from
more than one original pair.

POLYGENIST
Po*lyg"e*nist, n. (Biol.)

Defn: One who maintains that animals of the same species have sprung
from more than one original pair; -- opposed to monogenist.

POLYGENOUS
Po*lyg"e*nous, a. Etym: [Poly- + -genous: cf. Gr.

Defn: Consisting of, or containing, many kinds; as, a polygenous
mountain. Kirwan.

POLYGLOT
Pol"y*glot, a. Etym: [Gr. polyglotte.]

1. Containing, or made up, of, several languages; as, a polyglot
lexicon, Bible.

2. Versed in, or speaking, many languages.

POLYGLOT
Pol"y*glot, n.

1. One who speaks several languages. [R.] "A polyglot, or good
linguist." Howell.

2. A book containing several versions of the same text, or containing
the same subject matter in several languages; esp., the Scriptures in
several languages.
Enriched by the publication of polyglots. Abp. Newcome.

POLYGLOTTOUS
Pol`y*glot"tous, a. Etym: [See Polyglot.]

Defn: Speaking many languages; polyglot. [R.] "The polyglottous
tribes of America." Max Müller.

POLYGON
Pol"y*gon, n. Etym: [Gr. polygone.] (Geom.)

Defn: A plane figure having many angles, and consequently many sides;
esp., one whose perimeter consists of more than four sides; any
figure having many angles. Polygon of forces (Mech.), a polygonal
figure, the sides of which, taken successively, represent, in length
and direction, several forces acting simultaneously upon one point,
so that the side necessary to complete the figure represents the
resultant of those forces. Cf. Parallelogram of forces, under
Parallelogram.

POLYGONACEOUS
Pol`y*go*na"ceous, a. Etym: [See Polygonum.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of apetalous plants
(Polygonaceæ), of which the knotweeds (species of Polygonum) are the
type, and which includes also the docks (Rumex), the buckwheat,
rhubarb, sea grape (Coccoloba), and several other genera.

POLYGONAL
Po*lyg"o*nal, a.

Defn: Having many angles. Polygonal numbers, certain figurate
numbers. See under Figurate.

POLYGONEUTIC
Pol`y*go*neu"tic, a. Etym: [Poly- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having two or more broods in a season.

POLYGONOMETRY
Pol`y*go*nom"e*try, n. Etym: [Polygon + -metry.]

Defn: The doctrine of polygons; an extension of some of the
principles of trigonometry to the case of polygons.

POLYGONOUS
Po*lyg"o*nous, a.

Defn: Polygonal.

POLYGONUM
Po*lyg"o*num, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants embracing a large number of species,
including bistort, knotweed, smartweed, etc.

POLYGONY
Po*lyg"o*ny, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Polygonum.

POLYGORDIUS
Pol`y*gor"di*us, n. Etym: [NL. See Poly-, and Gordius.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine annelids, believed to be an ancient or
ancestral type. It is remarkable for its simplicity of structure and
want of parapodia. It is the type of the order Archiannelida, or
Gymnotoma. See Loeven's larva.

POLYGRAM
Pol"y*gram, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A figure consisting of many lines. [R.] Barlow.

POLYGRAPH
Pol"y*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. polygraphe.]

1. An instrument for multiplying copies of a writing; a manifold
writer; a copying machine.

2. In bibliography, a collection of different works, either by one or
several authors. Brande & C.

POLYGRAPHIC; POLYGRAPHICAL
Pol`y*graph"ic, Pol`y*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. polygraphique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or employed in, polygraphy; as, a polygraphic
instrument.

2. Done with a polygraph; as, a polygraphic copy.

POLYGRAPHY
Po*lyg"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. polygraphie.]

1. Much writing; writing of many books. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. The art of writing in various ciphers, and of deciphering the
same. [R.]

3. The art or practice of using a polygraph.

POLYGROOVED
Pol"y*grooved`, a. Etym: [Poly- + groove.]

Defn: Having many grooves; as, a polygrooved rifle or gun (referring
to the rifling).

POLYGYN
Pol"y*gyn, n. Etym: [Cf. F. polygyne. See Polygyny.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the order Polygynia.

POLYGYNIA
Pol`y*gyn"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Polygyny.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan order of plants having many styles.

POLYGYNIAN; POLYGYNOUS
Pol`y*gyn"i*an, Po*lyg"y*nous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having many styles; belonging to the order Polygynia.

POLYGYNIST
Po*lyg"y*nist, n.

Defn: One who practices or advocates polygyny. H. Spenser.

POLYGYNY
Po*lyg"y*ny, n. Etym: [Poly- + Gr.

Defn: The state or practice of having several wives at the same time;
marriage to several wives. H. Spenser.

POLYHALITE
Pol`y*ha"lite, n. Etym: [Poly- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral usually occurring in fibrous masses, of a brick-red
color, being tinged with iron, and consisting chiefly of the
sulphates of lime, magnesia, and soda.

POLYHEDRAL; POLYHEDRICAL
Pol`y*he"dral, Pol`y*hed"ric*al, a. Etym: [See Polyhedron.] (Geom.)

Defn: Having many sides, as a solid body. Polyhedral angle, an angle
bounded by three or more plane angles having a common vertex.

POLYHEDRON
Pol`y*he"dron, n.; pl. E. Polyhedrons., L. Polyhedra. Etym: [NL., fr.
Gr. polyèdre.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A body or solid contained by many sides or planes.

2. (Opt.)

Defn: A polyscope, or multiplying glass.

POLYHEDROUS
Pol`y*he"drous, a.

Defn: Polyhedral.

POLYHISTOR
Pol`y*his"tor, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One versed in various learning. [R.]

POLYHYMNIA
Pol`y*hym"ni*a, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Anc. Myth.)

Defn: The Muse of lyric poetry.

POLYIODIDE
Pol`y*i"o*dide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A iodide having more than one atom of iodine in the molecule.

POLYLOGY
Po*lyl"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Talkativeness. [R.]

POLYLOQUENT
Po*lyl"o*quent, a. Etym: [Poly- + L. loquens, p. pr. of logui to
speak.]

Defn: Garrulous; loquacious. [R.]

POLYMASTISM
Pol`y*mas"tism, n. Etym: [Poly- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The condition of having more than two mammæ, or breasts.

POLYMATHIC
Pol`y*math"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. polymathique. See Polymathy.]

Defn: Pertaining to polymathy; acquainted with many branches of
learning.

POLYMATHIST
Po*lym"a*thist, n.

Defn: One versed in many sciences; a person of various learning.

POLYMATHY
Po*lym"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The knowledge of many arts and sciences; variety of learning.
Johnson.

POLYMENISCOUS
Pol`y*me*nis"cous, a. Etym: [See Poly-, and Meniscus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having numerous facets; -- said of the compound eyes of insects
and crustaceans.

POLYMER
Pol"y*mer, n. Etym: [See Polymeric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of two or more substances related to each other by
polymerism; specifically, a substance produced from another substance
by chemical polymerization. [Formerly also written polymere.]

POLYMERIC
Pol`y*mer"ic, a. Etym: [Poly- + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Having the same percentage composition (that is, having the
same elements united in the same proportion by weight), but different
molecular weights; -- often used with with; thus, cyanic acid (CNOH),
fulminic acid (C2N2O2H2), and cyanuric acid (C3N3O3H3), are polymeric
with each other.

Note: The figures expressing the number of atoms of each element in a
number of polymeric substances are respectively multiples and factors
of each other, or have some simple common divisor. The relation may
be merely a numerical one, as in the example given above, or a
chemical one, as in the case of aldehyde, paraldehyde, and
metaldehyde.

POLYMERISM
Po*lym"er*ism, n. (Chem.)
(a) The state, quality, or relation of two or more polymeric
substances.
(b) The act or process of forming polymers.

POLYMERIZATION
Pol`y*mer`i*za"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of changing to a polymeric form; the
condition resulting from such change.

POLYMERIZE
Pol"y*mer*ize, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To cause polymerization of; to produce polymers from; to
increase the molecular weight of, without changing the atomic
proportions; thus, certain acids polymerize aldehyde.

POLYMERIZE
Pol"y*mer*ize, v. i. (Chem.)

Defn: To change into another substance having the same atomic
proportions, but a higher molecular weight; to undergo
polymerization; thus, aldehyde polymerizes in forming paraldehyde.

POLYMEROUS
Po*lym"er*ous, a.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Having many parts or members in each set. Gray.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Polymeric. [Obs.]

POLYMNIA
Po*lym"ni*a, n.

Defn: See Polyhymnia.

POLYMNITE
Pol"ym*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A stone marked with dendrites and black lines, and so disposed
as to represent rivers, marshes, etc.

POLYMORPH
Pol"y*morph, n. Etym: [Gr. polymorphe.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A substance capable of crystallizing in several distinct forms;
also, any one of these forms. Cf. Allomorph.

POLYMORPHIC
Pol`y*mor"phic, a.

Defn: Polymorphous.

POLYMORPHISM
Pol`y*mor"phism, n.

1. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Same as Pleomorphism.

2. (Biol.)
(a) The capability of assuming different forms; the capability of
widely varying in form.
(b) Existence in many forms; the coexistence, in the same locality,
of two or more distinct forms independent of sex, not connected by
intermediate gradations, but produced from common parents.

POLYMORPHOSIS
Pol`y*mor*pho"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Poly-, and Morphosis.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The assumption of several structural forms without a
corresponding difference in function; -- said of sponges, etc.

POLYMORPHOUS
Pol`y*mor"phous, a.

1. Having, or assuming, a variety of forms, characters, or styles;
as, a polymorphous author. De Quincey.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Having, or occurring in, several distinct forms; -- opposed to
monomorphic.

POLYMORPHY
Pol"y*mor`phy, n.

Defn: Existence in many forms; polymorphism.

POLY-MOUNTAIN
Po`ly-moun"tain, n. (Bot.)
(a) Same as Poly, n.
(b) The closely related Teucrium montanum, formerly called Polium
montanum, a plant of Southern Europe.
(c) The Bartsia alpina, a low purple-flowered herb of Europe.

POLYMYODAE
Pol`y*my"o*dæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Polymyoid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Oscines.

POLYMYODOUS
Pol`y*my"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Polymyoid.

POLYMYOID
Po*lym"y*oid, a. Etym: [Poly- + Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having numerous vocal muscles; of or pertaining to the
Polymyodæ.

POLYNEME
Pol"y*neme, n. Etym: [Poly- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of tropical food fishes of the
family Polynemidæ. They have several slender filaments, often very
long, below the pectoral fin. Some of them yield isinglass of good
quality. Called also threadfish.

POLYNEMOID
Pol`y*ne"moid, a. Etym: [Polyneme + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the polynemes, or the family Polynemidæ.

POLYNESIAN
Pol`y*ne"sian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Polynesia (the islands of the eastern and
central Pacific), or to the Polynesians.

POLYNESIANS
Pol`y*ne"sians, n. pl.; sing. Polynesian. (Ethnol.)

Defn: The race of men native in Polynesia.

POLYNIA
Po*lyn"i*a, n. Etym: [Russ. poluineia a warm place in water, i. e., a
place which does not freeze.]

Defn: The open sea supposed to surround the north pole. Kane.

POLYNOMIAL
Pol`y*no"mi*al, n. Etym: [Poly- + -nomial, as in monomial, binomial:
cf. F. polynôme.] (Alg.)

Defn: An expression composed of two or more terms, connected by the
signs plus or minus; as, a2 - 2ab + b2.

POLYNOMIAL
Pol`y*no"mi*al, a.

1. Containing many names or terms; multinominal; as, the polynomial
theorem.

2. Consisting of two or more words; having names consisting of two or
more words; as, a polynomial name; polynomial nomenclature.

POLYNUCLEAR
Pol`y*nu"cle*ar, a. Etym: [Poly- + nuclear.] (Biol.)

Defn: Containing many nuclei.

POLYNUCLEOLAR
Pol`y*nu*cle"o*lar, a. Etym: [Poly- + nucleolar.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having more than one nucleolus.

POLYOMMATOUS
Pol`y*om"ma*tous, a. Etym: [Poly- + Gr.

Defn: Having many eyes.

POLYONOMOUS
Pol`y*on"o*mous, a. Etym: [Poly- + Gr.

Defn: Having many names or titles; polyonymous. Sir W. Jones.

POLYONOMY
Pol`y*on"o*my, n. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

Defn: The use of a variety of names for the same object. G. S. Faber.

POLYONYM
Pol"y*o*nym, n.

1. An object which has a variety of names.

2. A polynomial name or term.

POLYONYMOUS
Pol`y*on"y*mous, a.

Defn: Polyonomous.

POLYOPTRON; POLYOPTRUM
Pol`y*op"tron, Pol`y*op"trum, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Opt.)

Defn: A glass through which objects appear multiplied, but diminished
in size. [R.]

POLYORAMA
Pol`y*o*ra"ma, n. Etym: [Poly- + Gr.

Defn: A view of many objects; also, a sort of panorama with
dissolving views.

POLYP
Pol"yp, n. Etym: [L. polypus, Gr. polype. See Poly- and Foot, and cf.
Polypode, Polypody, Poulp.] (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the feeding or nutritive zooids of a hydroid or coral.
(b) One of the Anthozoa. (c) pl.

Defn: Same as Anthozoa. See Anthozoa, Madreporaria, Hydroid. [Written
also polype.] Fresh-water polyp, the hydra.
 -- Polyp stem (Zoöl.), that portion of the stem of a siphonophore
which bears the polypites, or feeding zooids.

POLYPAROUS
Po*lyp"a*rous, a. Etym: [Poly- + L. parere to produce.]

Defn: Producing or bearing a great number; bringing forth many.

POLYPARY
Pol"y*pa*ry, n.; pl. Polyparies. Etym: [See Polyp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Polypidom.

POLYPE
Pol"ype, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Polyp.

POLYPEAN
Pol`y*pe"an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a polyp, or polyps.

POLYPERYTHRIN
Pol`y*pe*ryth"rin, n. Etym: [Polyp + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A coloring matter found in many simple Anthozoa and some
hydroids.

POLYPETALOUS
Pol`y*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Poly- + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Consisting of, or having, several or many separate petals; as,
a polypetalous corolla, flower, or plant. Martyn.

POLYPHAGOUS
Po*lyph"a*gous, a. Etym: [L. polyphagus, Gr. polyphage.]

Defn: Eating, or subsisting on, many kinds of food; as, polyphagous
animals.

POLYPHAGY
Po*lyph""a*gy, n.

Defn: The practice or faculty of subsisting on many kinds of food.

POLYPHARMACY
Pol`y*phar"ma*cy, n. Etym: [Poly- + Gr. polypharmacie.] (Med.)
(a) The act or practice of prescribing too many medicines.
(b) A prescription made up of many medicines or ingredients.
Dunglison.

POLYPHASE
Pol"y*phase, a.  [Poly- + phase.] (Elec.)

Defn: Having or producing two or more phases; multiphase; as, a
polyphase machine, a machine producing two or more pressure waves of
electro-motive force, differing in phase; a polyphase current.

POLYPHASER
Pol"y*phas`er, n. (Elec.)

Defn: A machine generating more than one pressure wave; a
multiphaser.

POLYPHEMUS
Pol`y*phe"mus, n. Etym: [L. Polyphemus the one-eyed Cyclops who was
blinded by Ulysses.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large American moth (Telea polyphemus) belonging to the
Silkworm family (Bombycidæ). Its larva, which is very large, bright
green, with silvery tubercles, and with oblique white stripes on the
sides, feeds on the oak, chestnut, willow, cherry, apple, and other
trees. It produces a large amount of strong silk. Called also
American silkworm.

POLYPHONE
Pol"y*phone, n.

Defn: A character or vocal sign representing more than one sound, as
read, which is pronounced red or rèd.

POLYPHONIC
Pol`y*phon"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. polyphone.]

1. Having a multiplicity of sounds.

2. Characterized by polyphony; as, Assyrian polyphonic characters.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: Consisting of several tone series, or melodic parts,
progressing simultaneously according to the laws of counterpoint;
contrapuntal; as, a polyphonic composition; -- opposed to homophonic,
or monodic.

POLYPHONISM
Po*lyph"o*nism, n.

Defn: Polyphony.

POLYPHONIST
Po*lyph"o*nist, n.

1. A proficient in the art of multiplying sounds; a ventriloquist.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A master of polyphony; a contrapuntist.

POLYPHONOUS
Po*lyph"o*nous, a.

Defn: Same as Polyphonic.

POLYPHONY
Po*lyph"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. Multiplicity of sounds, as in the reverberations of an echo.

2. Plurality of sounds and articulations expressed by the same vocal
sign.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: Composition in mutually related, equally important parts which
share the melody among them; contrapuntal composition; -- opposed to
homophony, in which the melody is given to one part only, the others
filling out the harmony. See Counterpoint.

POLYPHORE
Pol"y*phore, n. Etym: [Poly- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A receptacle which bears many ovaries.

POLYPHOTAL; POLYPHOTE
Pol`y*pho"tal, Pol"y*phote, a.  [Poly- + Gr., , light.] (Elec.)

Defn: Pertaining to or designating arc lamps so constructed that more
than one can be used on a single circuit.

POLYPHYLETIC
Pol`y*phy*let"ic, a. Etym: [Poly- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, descent from more than one
root form, or from many different root forms; polygenetic; -- opposed
to Ant: monophyletic.

POLYPHYLLOUS
Po*lyph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Many-leaved; as, a polyphyllous calyx or perianth.

POLYPI
Pol"y*pi, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Anthozoa.

POLYPIDE
Pol"y*pide, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the ordinary zooids of the Bryozoa. [Spellt also
polypid.]

POLYPIDOM
Po*lyp"i*dom, n. Etym: [Polypus + L. domus house.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A coral, or corallum; also, one of the coral-like structure
made by bryozoans and hydroids.

POLYPIER
Po`ly`pier", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A polypidom.

POLYPIFERA
Pol`y*pif"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Anthozoa.

POLYPIFEROUS
Pol*y*pif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Polypus + -ferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Bearing polyps, or polypites.

POLYPIPAROUS
Pol`y*pip"a*rous, a. Etym: [Polypus + L. parere to produce.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing polyps.

POLYPITE
Pol"y*pite, n.

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the feeding zooids, or polyps, of a coral, hydroid, or
siphonophore; a hydranth. See Illust. of Campanularian.
(b) Sometimes, the manubrium of a hydroid medusa.

2. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil coral.

POLYPLACOPHORA
Pol`y*pla*coph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Poly-, and Placophora.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: See Placophora.

POLYPLASTIC
Pol`y*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Poly- + -plastic.] (Biol.)

Defn: Assuming, or having the power of assuming, many forms; as, a
polyplastic element which does not preserve its original shape.

POLYPODE
Pol`y*pode, n. Etym: [Cf. F. polypode. See Polypody.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Polypodium; polypody. [Written also
polypod.]

POLYPODE
Pol"y*pode, n. Etym: [Gr. polypode. See Polyp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal having many feet; a myriapod.

POLYPODIUM
Pol"y*po`di*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Polyp, and cf. 2d Polypode.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the order Filices or ferns. The
fructifications are in uncovered roundish points, called sori,
scattered over the inferior surface of the frond or leaf. There are
numerous species.

POLYPODY
Pol"y*po`dy, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Polypodium.

POLYPOID
Pol"y*poid, a. Etym: [Polyp + -oid.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like a polyp; having the nature of a polyp, but lacking the
tentacles or other parts.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Resembling a polypus in appearance; having a character like
that of a polypus.

POLYPOMEDUSAE
Pol`y*po*me*du"sæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Polyp, and Medusa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Hydrozoa.

POLYPOROUS
Po*lyp"o*rous, a. Etym: [Poly- + porous.]

Defn: Having many pores. Wright.

POLYPORUS
Po*lyp"o*rus, n.; pl. Polypori. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of fungi having the under surface full of minute pores;
also, any fungus of this genus.

Note: Polyporus fomentarius was formerly dried and cut in slices for
tinder, called amadou. P. betulinus is common in America, and forms
very large thick white semicircular excrescences on birch trees.
Several species of Polyporous are considered edible.

POLYPOUS
Pol"y*pous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. polypeux. See Polyp.]

Defn: Of the nature of a polypus; having many feet or roots, like the
polypus; affected with polypus.

POLYPRAGMATIC; POLYPRAGMATICAL
Pol`y*prag*mat"ic, Pol`y*prag*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Poly- + pragmatic,
-ical.]

Defn: Overbusy; officious. [R.] Heywood.

POLYPRAGMATY
Pol`y*prag"ma*ty, n. Etym: [Poly- + Gr.

Defn: The state of being overbusy. [R.]

POLYPROTODONTA
Pol`y*pro`to*don"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of marsupials in which there are more fore incisor
teeth in each jaw.

POLYPTEROIDEI
Po*lyp`te*roi"de*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Polypterus, and -oid.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of existing ganoid fishes having numerous fins along
the back. The bichir, or Polypterus, is the type. See Illust. under
Crossopterygian.

POLYPTERUS
Po*lyp`te*rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African genus of ganoid fishes including the bichir.

POLYPTOTON
Pol`yp*to"ton, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which a word is repeated in different forms, cases,
numbers, genders, etc., as in Tennyson's line, -- "My own heart's
heart, and ownest own, farewell."

POLYPUS
Pol"y*pus, n.; pl. E. Polypuses, L. Polypi. Etym: [L. See Polyp.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Polyp.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A tumor, usually with a narrow base, somewhat resembling a
pear, -- found in the nose, uterus, etc., and produced by hypertrophy
of some portion of the mucous membrane.

POLYRHIZOUS
Pol`y*rhi"zous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having numerous roots, or rootlets.

POLYSCHEMATIST
Pol`y*sche"ma*tist, a. Etym: [Poly- + Gr.

Defn: Having, or existing in, many different forms or fashions;
multiform.

POLYSCOPE
Pol"y*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. polyscope.]

1. (Opt.)

Defn: A glass which makes a single object appear as many; a
multiplying glass. Hutton.

2. (Med.)

Defn: An apparatus for affording a view of the different cavities of
the body.

POLYSEPALOUS
Pol`y*sep"al*ous, a. Etym: [Poly- + sepal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the sepals separate from each other.

POLYSILICIC
Pol`y*si*lic"ic, a. Etym: [Poly- + silicic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to compounds formed by the condensation of two
or more molecules of silicic acid. Polysilicic acid (Chem.), any one
of a series of acids formed by the condensation of two or more
molecules of silicic acid, with elimination of water.

POLYSPAST
Pol"y*spast, n. Etym: [L. polyspaston, fr. Gr. polyspaste.] (Surg.)

Defn: A machine consisting of many pulleys; specifically, an
apparatus formerly used for reducing luxations.

POLYSPERMOUS
Pol`y*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Containing many seeds; as, a polyspermous capsule or berry.
Martyn.

POLYSPERMY
Pol"y*sper`my, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Fullness of sperm, or seed; the passage of more than one
spermatozoön into the vitellus in the impregnation of the ovum.

POLYSPOROUS
Pol`y*spor"ous, a. Etym: [Poly- + spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: Containing many spores.

POLYSTOMATA
Pol`y*stom"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of trematode worms having more two suckers. Called
also Polystomea and Polystoma.

POLYSTOME
Pol"y*stome, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having many mouths.

POLYSTOME
Pol"y*stome, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal having many mouths; -- applied to Protozoa.

POLYSTYLE
Pol"y*style, a. Etym: [Gr. polystyle.] (Arch.)

Defn: Having many columns; -- said of a building, especially of an
interior part or court; as, a polystyle hall.
 -- n.

Defn: A polystyle hall or edifice.

POLYSULPHIDE
Pol`y*sul"phide, n. Etym: [Poly- + sulphide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A sulphide having more than one atom of sulphur in the
molecule; -- contrasted with monosulphide.

POLYSULPHURET
Pol`y*sul"phu*ret, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A polysulphide. [Obsoles.]

POLYSYLLABIC; POLYSYLLABICAL
Pol`y*syl*lab"ic, Pol`y*syl*lab"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. polysyllabique.]

Defn: Pertaining to a polysyllable; containing, or characterized by,
polysyllables; consisting of more than three syllables.

POLYSYLLABICISM
Pol`y*syl*lab"i*cism, n.

Defn: Polysyllabism.

POLYSYLLABICITY
Pol`y*syl`la*bic"i*ty, n.

Defn: Polysyllabism.

POLYSYLLABISM
Pol`y*syl"la*bism, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being polysyllabic.

POLYSYLLABLE
Pol"y*syl`la*ble, n. Etym: [Poly- + syllable.]

Defn: A word of many syllables, or consisting of more syllables than
three; -- words of less than four syllables being called
monosyllables, dissyllables, and trisyllables.

POLYSYNDETIC
Pol`y*syn*det"ic, a.

Defn: Characterized by polysyndeton, or the multiplication of
conjunctions.
 -- Pol`y*syn*det"ic*al*ly, adv.

POLYSYNDETON
Pol`y*syn"de*ton, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which the conjunction is often repeated, as in the
sentence, "We have ships and men and money and stores." Opposed to
asyndeton.

POLYSYNTHESIS
Pol`y*syn"the*sis, n. Etym: [Poly- + synthesis.]

1. The act or process of combining many separate elements into a
whole.

2. (Philol.)

Defn: The formation of a word by the combination of several simple
words, as in the aboriginal languages of America; agglutination.
Latham.

POLYSYNTHETIC
Pol`y*syn*thet"ic, a. Etym: [Poly- + synthetic.]

Defn: Characterized by polysynthesis; agglutinative. Polysynthetic
twinning (Min.), repeated twinning, like that of the triclinic
feldspar, producing fine parallel bands in alternately reversed
positions.

POLYSYNTHETICISM
Pol`y*syn*thet"i*cism, n.

Defn: Polysynthesis.

POLYTECHNIC
Pol`y*tech"nic, a. Etym: [Gr. polytechnique.]

Defn: Comprehending, or relating to, many arts and sciences; --
applied particularly to schools in which many branches of art and
science are taught with especial reference to their practical
application; also to exhibitions of machinery and industrial
products.

POLYTECHNICAL
Pol`y*tech"nic*al, a.

Defn: Polytechnic.

POLYTECHNICS
Pol`y*tech"nics, n.

Defn: The science of the mechanic arts.

POLYTHALAMIA
Pol`y*tha*la"mi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Polythalamous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Foraminifera including those having a
manychambered shell.

POLYTHALAMOUS
Pol`y*thal"a*mous, a. Etym: [Poly- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Many-chambered; -- applied to shells of Foraminifera and
cephalopods. See Illust. of Nautilus.

POLYTHEISM
Pol"y*the*ism, n. Etym: [Poly- + Gr. polythéisme.]

Defn: The doctrine of, or belief in, a plurality of gods.
In the Old Testament, the gradual development of polytheism from the
primitive monotheism may be learned. Shaff-Herzog.

POLYTHEIST
Pol"y*the*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. polythéiste.]

Defn: One who believes in, or maintains the doctrine of, a plurality
of gods.

POLYTHEISTIC; POLYTHEISTICAL
Pol`y*the*is"tic, Pol`y*the*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to polytheism; characterized by polytheism;
professing or advocating polytheism; as, polytheistic worship; a
polytheistic author, or nation.
 -- Pol`y*the*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

POLYTHEIZE
Pol"y*the*ize, v. i.

Defn: To adhere to, advocate, or inculcate, the doctrine of
polytheism. Milman.

POLYTHELISM
Pol`y*the"lism, n. Etym: [Poly- + Gr. qhlh` a nipple.] (Anat.)

Defn: The condition of having more than two teats, or nipples.

POLYTOCOUS
Po*lyt"o*cous, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing fruit repeatedly, as most perennial plants; polycarpic.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing many or young.

POLYTOMOUS
Po*lyt"o*mous, a. Etym: [Poly- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Subdivided into many distinct subordinate parts, which,
however, not being jointed to the petiole, are not true leaflets; --
said of leaves. Henslow.

POLYTOMY
Po*lyt"o*my, n. (Logic)

Defn: A division into many members. F. Bowen.

POLYTUNGSTATE
Pol`y*tung"state, n.

Defn: A salt of polytungstic acid.

POLYTUNGSTIC
Pol`y*tung"stic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Containing several tungsten atoms or radicals; as, polytungstic
acid. Polytungstic acid (Chem.), any one of several complex acids of
tungsten containing more than one atom of tungsten.

POLYTYPE
Pol"y*type, n. Etym: [Poly- + -type.] (Print.)

Defn: A cast, or facsimile copy, of an engraved block, matter in
type, etc. (see citation); as, a polytype in relief.
By pressing the wood cut into semifluid metal, an intaglio matrix is
produced: and from this matrix, in a similar way, a polytype in
relief is obtained. Hansard.

POLYTYPE
Pol"y*type, a. (Print.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to polytypes; obtained by polytyping; as, a
polytype plate.

POLYTYPE
Pol"y*type, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polytyped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Polytyping.] (Print.)

Defn: To produce a polytype of; as, to polytype an engraving.

POLYURIA
Pol`y*u"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Poly-, and Urine.] (Med.)

Defn: A persistently excessive flow of watery urine, with low
specific gravity and without the presence of either albumin or sugar.
It is generally accompanied with more or less thirst.

POLYVALENT
Po*lyv"a*lent, a. Etym: [Poly- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valent.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Multivalent.

POLYVE
Pol"yve, n. Etym: [See Polive.]

Defn: A pulley. [Obs.]

POLYZOA
Pol`y*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Bryozoa. See Illust. under Bryozoa, and Phylactolæmata.

POLYZOAN
Pol`y*zo"an, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any species of Polyzoa; one of the Polyzoa.
(b) A polyzoön.

POLYZOARIUM
Pol`y*zo*a"ri*um, n.; pl. Polyzoaria. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Polyzoary.

POLYZOARY
Pol`y*zo"a*ry, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The compound organism of a polyzoan.

POLYZONAL
Pol`y*zon"al, a. Etym: [Poly- + zonal.]

Defn: Consisting of many zones or rings. Polyzonal lens (Opt.), a
lens made up of pieces arranged zones or rings, -- used in the
lanterns of lighthouses.

POLYZOON; POLYZOOEN
Pol`y*zo"ön, n.; pl. Polyzoa. Etym: [NL. See Polyzoan.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the individual zooids forming the compound organism of a
polyzoan.

POMACE
Pom"ace, n. Etym: [L. ponum a fruit, LL., an apple: cf. LL. pomagium,
pomacium.]

Defn: The substance of apples, or of similar fruit, crushed by
grinding.

POMACENTROID
Po`ma*cen"troid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Pomacentridæ, a family of bright-colored
tropical fishes having spiny opercula; -- often called coral fishes.

POMACEOUS
Po*ma"ceous, a. Etym: [LL. ponum an apple.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) Like an apple or pear; producing pomes.
(b) Of or pertaining to a suborder (Pomeæ) of rosaceous plants, which
includes the true thorn trees, the quinces, service berries, medlars,
and loquats, as well as the apples, pears, crabs, etc.

2. Like pomace.

POMADE
Po*made", n. Etym: [F. pommade pomatum, OF. pomade cider (cf. Sp.
pomada, It. pomata, LL. pomata a drink made of apples), from L. pomum
fruit, LL., an apple. Cf. Pomatum.]

1. Cider. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. Perfumed ointment; esp., a fragrant unguent for the hair; pomatum;
-- originally made from apples.

POMANDER
Po*man"der, n. Etym: [Sp. poma.]
(a) A perfume to be carried with one, often in the form of a ball.
(b) A box to contain such perfume, formerly carried by ladies, as at
the end of a chain; -- more properly pomander box. [Obs.] Bacon.

POMARINE
Po"ma*rine, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the nostril covered with a scale. Pomarine jager
(Zoöl.), a North Atlantic jager (Stercorarius pomarinus) having the
elongated middle tail feathers obtuse. The adult is black.

POMATUM
Po*ma"tum, n. Etym: [See Pomade.]

Defn: A perfumed unguent or composition, chiefly used in dressing the
hair; pomade. Wiseman.

POMATUM
Po*ma"tum, v. t.

Defn: To dress with pomatum.

POME
Pome, n. Etym: [L. pomum a fruit: cf. F. pomme apple. Cf. Pomade.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A fruit composed of several cartilaginous or bony carpels
inclosed in an adherent fleshy mass, which is partly receptacle and
partly calyx, as an apple, quince, or pear.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A ball of silver or other metal, which is filled with hot
water, and used by the priest in cold weather to warm his hands
during the service.

POME
Pome, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. pommer. See Pome, n.]

Defn: To grow to a head, or form a head in growing. [Obs.]

POMEGRANATE
Pome"gran`ate, n. Etym: [OE. pomgarnet, OF. pome de grenate, F.
grenade, L. pomum a fruit + granatus grained, having many grains or
seeds. See Pome, and Garnet, Grain.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of the tree Punica Granatum; also, the tree itself
(see Balaustine), which is native in the Orient, but is successfully
cultivated in many warm countries, and as a house plant in colder
climates. The fruit is as large as an orange, and has a hard rind
containing many rather large seeds, each one separately covered with
crimson, acid pulp.

2. A carved or embroidered ornament resembling a pomegranate. Ex.
xxviii. 33.

POMEL
Pom"el, n.

Defn: A pommel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

POMELO
Pom"e*lo, n. Etym: [Cf. Pompelmous.]

Defn: A variety of shaddock, called also grape fruit.

POMELY
Pome"ly, a. Etym: [OF. pomelé, F. pommelé. See Pome.]

Defn: Dappled. [Obs.] "Pomely gray." Chaucer.

POMERANIAN
Pom`e*ra"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Pomerania, a province of Prussia on the
Baltic Sea.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Pomerania. Pomeranian dog (Zoöl.),
the loup-loup, or Spitz dog.

POMEWATER
Pome"wa`ter, n.

Defn: A kind of sweet, juicy apple. [Written also pomwater.] Shak.

POMEY
Pom"ey, n.; pl. Pomeys. Etym: [F. pommé grown round, or like an
apple, p. p. of pommer to pome.] (Her.)

Defn: A figure supposed to resemble an apple; a roundel, -- always of
a green color.

POMFRET
Pom"fret, n. Etym: [Perhaps corrupt. fr. Pg. pampano a kind of fish.]
(Zoöl.)
(a) One of two or more species of marine food fishes of the genus
Stromateus (S. niger, S. argenteus) native of Southern Europe and
Asia.
(b) A marine food fish of Bermuda (Brama Raji).

POMICULTURE
Po"mi*cul`ture, n. [L. pomum fruit + cultura culture.] (Hort.)

Defn: The culture of fruit; pomology as an art.

POMIFEROUS
Po*mif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. pomifer; pomum fruit + ferre to bear: cf.
F. pomifère.] (Bot.)
(a) Bearing pomes, or applelike fruits.
(b) Bearing fruits, or excrescences, more or less resembling an
apple.

POMMAGE
Pom"mage (; 48), n.

Defn: See Pomage.

POMME
Pom`mé", a. Etym: [F. See Pomey.] (Her.)

Defn: Having the ends terminating in rounded protuberances or single
balls; -- said of a cross.

POMME BLANCHE
Pomme` blanche". Etym: [F., literally, white apple.]

Defn: The prairie turnip. See under Prairie.

POMMEL
Pom"mel, n. Etym: [OE. pomel, OF. pomel, F. pommeau, LL. pomellus,
fr. L. pomum fruit, LL. also, an apple. See Pome.]

Defn: A knob or ball; an object resembling a ball in form; as:
(a) The knob on the hilt of a sword. Macaulay.
(b) The knob or protuberant part of a saddlebow.
(c) The top (of the head). Chaucer.
(d) A knob forming the finial of a turret or pavilion.

POMMEL
Pom"mel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pommeled or Pommelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pommeling or Pommelling.]

Defn: To beat soundly, as with the pommel of a sword, or with
something knoblike; hence, to beat with the fists. [Written also
pummel.]

POMMELION
Pom*mel"ion, n. Etym: [See Pommel: cf. LL. pomilio pygmy.] (Mil.)

Defn: The cascabel, or hindmost knob, of a cannon. [R.]

POMMETTE
Pom`met`té", a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Having two balls or protuberances at each end; -- said of a
cross.

POMOLOGICAL
Po`mo*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pomologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to pomology.

POMOLOGIST
Po*mol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in pomology; one who culticvates fruit trees.

POMOLOGY
Po*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. pomum fruit + -logy: cf. F. pomologie.]

Defn: The science of fruits; a treatise on fruits; the cultivation of
fruits and fruit trees.

POMONA
Po*mo"na, n. Etym: [L., from pomum fruit.] (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The goddess of fruits and fruit trees.

POMP
Pomp, n. Etym: [OE. pompe, F. pompe, L. pompa, fr. Gr. Pump a shoe.]

1. A procession distinguished by ostentation and splendor; a pageant.
"All the pomps of a Roman triumph." Addison.

2. Show of magnificence; parade; display; power.

Syn.
 -- Display; parade; pageant; pageantry; splendor; state;
magnificence; ostentation; grandeur; pride.

POMP
Pomp, v. i.

Defn: To make a pompons display; to conduct. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

POMPADOUR
Pom"pa*dour, n.

Defn: A crimson or pink color; also, a style of dress cut low and
square in the neck; also, a mode of dressing the hair by drawing it
straight back from the forehead over a roll; -- so called after the
Marchioness de Pompadour of France. Also much used adjectively.

POMPANO
Pom"pa*no, n. Etym: [Sp. pámpano.] [Written also pampano.] (Zoöl.)

1. Any one of several species of marine fishes of the genus
Trachynotus, of which four species are found on the Atlantic coast of
the United States; -- called also palometa.

Note: They have a brilliant silvery or golden luster, and are highly
esteemed as food fishes. The round pompano (T. thomboides) and the
Carolina pompano (T. Carolinus) are the most common. Other species
occur on the Pacific coast.

2. A California harvest fish (Stromateus simillimus), highly valued
as a food fish. Pompano shell (Zoöl.), a small bivalve shell of the
genus Donax; -- so called because eaten by the pompano. [Florida]

POMPATIC
Pom*pat"ic, a. Etym: [L. pompaticus.]

Defn: Pompous. [Obs.] Barrow.

POMPEIAN
Pom*pe"ian, a. [L. Pompeianus.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of, Pompeii, an ancient
city of Italy, buried by an eruption of Vesuvius in 79 a. d., and
partly uncovered by modern excavations.

POMPEIAN RED
Pompeian red. (Art)

Defn: A brownish red approaching maroon, supposed to be imitated from
the color of the wall panels of houses in Pompeii, which were
decorated during the last age of the Republic.

POMPELMOUS
Pom"pel*mous, n.; pl. Pompelmouses. Etym: [D. pompelmoes; cf. G.
pompelmuse, F. pamplemousse, and F. pompoléon.] (Bot.)

Defn: A shaddock, esp. one of large size.

POMPET
Pom"pet, n. Etym: [OF. pompette.] (Print.)

Defn: The ball formerly used to ink the type.

POMPHOLYX
Pom"pho*lyx, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Impure zinc oxide.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A skin disease in which there is an eruption of bullæ, without
inflammation or fever.

POMPILLION
Pom*pil"lion, n.

Defn: An ointment or pomatum made of black poplar buds. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.

POMPION
Pom"pi*on, n. Etym: [OF. pompon. See Pumpkin.]

Defn: See Pumpion.

POMPIRE
Pom"pire, n. Etym: [L. pomum a fruit, LL. also, an apple + pirum a
pear.]

Defn: A pearmain. [Obs.]

POMPOLEON
Pom*po"le*on, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Pompelmous.

POM-POM
Pom"-pom`, n. [Imitative.]

Defn: A Vickers-Maxim one-pounder automatic machine cannon using
metallic ammunition fed from a lopped belt attached to the gun; --
popularly so called from its peculiar drumming sound in action.
Sometimes, any of other similar automatic cannons.

POMPON
Pom"pon, n. Etym: [F.]

1. Any trifling ornament for a woman's dress or bonnet.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A tuft or ball of wool, or the like, sometimes worn by soldiers
on the front of the hat, instead of a feather.

POMPOSITY
Pom*pos"i*ty, n.; pl. Pomposities (.

Defn: The quality or state of being pompous; pompousness. Thackeray.

POMPOSO
Pom*po"so, a. & adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Grand and dignified; in grand style.

POMPOUS
Pomp"ous, a. Etym: [F. pompeux, L. pomposus. See Pomp.]

1. Displaying pomp; stately; showy with grandeur; magnificent; as, a
pompous procession.

2. Ostentatious; pretentious; boastful; vainlorious; as, pompous
manners; a pompous style. "Pompous in high presumption." Chaucer.
he pompous vanity of the old schoolmistress. Thackeray.
-- Pom"ous*ly, adv.
 -- Pomp"ous*ness, n.

POMPTINE
Pomp"tine, a.

Defn: See Pontine.

POMWATER
Pom"wa`ter, n.

Defn: Same as Pomewater.

PONCELET
Ponce"let, n. [After Jean Victor Poncelet, French engineer.]
(Physics)

Defn: A unit of power, being the power obtained from an expenditure
of one hundred kilogram-meters of energy per second. One poncelet
equals g watts, when g is the value of the acceleration of gravity in
centimeters.

PONCHO
Pon"cho, n.; pl. Ponchos (. Etym: [Sp.]

1. A kind of cloak worn by the Spanish Americans, having the form of
a blanket, with a slit in the middle for the head to pass through. A
kind of poncho made of rubber or painted cloth is used by the mounted
troops in the United States service.

2. A trade name for camlets, or stout worsteds.

POND
Pond, n. Etym: [Probably originally, an inclosed body of water, and
the same word as pound. See Pound an inclosure.]

Defn: A body of water, naturally or artificially confined, and
usually of less extent than a lake. "Through pond or pool." Milton.
Pond hen (Zoöl.), the American coot. See Coot (a).
 -- Pond lily (Bot.), the water lily. See under Water, and Illust.
under Nymphæa.
 -- Pond snail (Zoöl.), any gastropod living in fresh-water ponds or
lakes. The most common kinds are air-breathing snails (Pulmonifera)
belonging to Limnæa, Physa, Planorbis, and allied genera. The
operculated species are pectinibranchs, belonging to Melantho,
Valvata, and various other genera.
 -- Pond spice (Bot.), an American shrub (Tetranthera geniculata) of
the Laurel family, with small oval leaves, and axillary clusters of
little yellow flowers. The whole plant is spicy. It grows in ponds
and swamps from Virginia to Florida.
 -- Pond tortoise, Pond turtle (Zoöl.), any freshwater tortoise of
the family Emydidæ. Numerous species are found in North America.

POND
Pond, v. t.

Defn: To make into a pond; to collect, as water, in a pond by
damming.

POND
Pond, v. t. Etym: [See Ponder.]

Defn: To ponder. [Obs.]
Pleaseth you, pond your suppliant's plaint. Spenser.

PONDER
Pon"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pondered; p. pr. & vb. n. Pondering.]
Etym: [L. ponderare, fr. pondus, ponderis, a weight, fr. pendere to
weigh: cf. F. pondérer. See Pendant, and cf. Pound a weight.]

1. To weigh. [Obs.]

2. To weigh in the mind; to view with deliberation; to examine
carefully; to consider attentively.
Ponder the path of thy feet. Prov. iv. 26.

Syn.
 -- To Ponder, Consider, Muse. To consider means to view or
contemplate with fixed thought. To ponder is to dwell upon with long
and anxious attention, with a view to some practical result or
decision. To muse is simply to think upon continuously with no
definite object, or for the pleasure it gives. We consider any
subject which is fairly brought before us; we ponder a concern
involving great interests; we muse on the events of childhood.

PONDER
Pon"der, v. i.

Defn: To think; to deliberate; to muse; -- usually followed by on or
over. Longfellow.

PONDERABILITY
Pon`der*a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pondérabilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being ponderable.

PONDERABLE
Pon"der*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. ponderabilis: cf. F. pondérable.]

Defn: Capable of being weighed; having appreciable weight.
 -- Pon"der*a*ble*ness, n.

PONDERAL
Pon"der*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pondéral.]

Defn: Estimated or ascertained by weight; -- distinguished from
numeral; as, a ponderal drachma. [R.] Arbuthnot.

PONDERANCE
Pon"der*ance, n. Etym: [L. ponderans, p. pr. of ponderare to weigh:
cf. OF. ponderant of weight.]

Defn: Weight; gravity. [R.] Gregory.

PONDERARY
Pon"der*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to weight; as, a ponderary system. [R.]
M'Culloch.

PONDERATE
Pon"der*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. ponderatus, p. p. of ponderare. See
Ponder.]

Defn: To consider; to ponder. [R.]

PONDERATE
Pon"der*ate, v. i.

Defn: To have weight or influence. [R.]

PONDERATION
Pon`der*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. ponderatio: cf. F. pondération.]

Defn: The act of weighing. [R.] Arbuthnot.

PONDERER
Pon"der*er, n.

Defn: One who ponders.

PONDERING
Pon"der*ing, a.

Defn: Deliberating.
 -- Pon"der*ing*ly, adv.

PONDEROSITY
Pon`der*os"i*ty, n.; pl. Ponderosities. Etym: [OF. ponderosité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being ponderous; weight; gravity;
heaviness, ponderousness; as, the ponderosity of gold. Ray.

PONDEROUS
Pon"der*ous, a. Etym: [L. ponderosus, from pondus, -eris, a weight:
cf. F. pondéreux. See Ponder.]

1. Very heavy; weighty; as, a ponderous shield; a ponderous load; the
ponderous elephant.
The sepulcher . . . Hath oped his ponderous and marble jaws. Shak.

2. Important; momentous; forcible. "Your more ponderous and settled
project." Shak.

3. Heavy; dull; wanting; lightless or spirit; as, a ponderous style;
a ponderous joke. Ponderous spar (Min.), heavy spar, or barytes. See
Barite.

PONDEROUSLY
Pon"der*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a ponderous manner.

PONDEROUSNESS
Pon"der*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being ponderous; ponderosity.

PONDFISH
Pond"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of American fresh-water fishes
belonging to the family Centrarchidæ; -- called also pond perch, and
sunfish.

Note: The common pondfish of New England (Lepomis gibbosus) is called
also bream, pumpkin seed, and sunny. See Sunfish. The long-eared
pondfish (Lepomis auritus) of the Eastern United States is
distinguished by its very long opercular flap.

PONDWEED
Pond"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any aquatic plant of the genus Potamogeton, of which many
species are found in ponds or slow-moving rivers. Choke pondweed, an
American water weed (Anarcharis, or Elodea, Canadensis.) See
Anacharis.
 -- Horned pondweed, the Zannichellia palustris, a slender, branching
aquatic plant, having pointed nutlets.

PONE
Pone, n. Etym: [Of Amer. Indian origin.]

Defn: A kind of johnnycake. [Written also paune.] [Southern U. S.]

PONENT
Po"nent, a. Etym: [OF., fr. It. ponente, properly, setting (applied
to the setting sun), fr. L. ponens, p. pr. of ponere to set, put.]

Defn: Western; occidental. [R.]
Forth rush the levant and the ponent winds. Milton.

PONGEE
Pon*gee", n. Etym: [Of East Indian origin.]

Defn: A fabric of undyed silk from India and China.

PONGHEE
Pon*ghee", n. Etym: [From the native name.]

Defn: A Buddhist priest of the higher orders in Burmah. Malcom.

PONGO
Pon"go, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any large ape; especially, the chimpanzee and the orang-outang.

PONIARD
Pon"iard, n. Etym: [F. poignard (cf. It. pugnale, Sp. puñal), fr. L.
pugio, -onis; probably akin to pugnus fist, or fr. pugnus fist, as
held in the fist. See Pugnacious.]

Defn: A kind of dagger, -- usually a slender one with a triangular or
square blade.
She speaks poniards, and every word stabs. Shak.

PONIARD
Pon"iard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poniarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Poniarding.]

Defn: To pierce with a poniard; to stab. Cowper.

PONIBILITY
Po`ni*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. ponere to place.]

Defn: The capability of being placed or located. [Obs.] Barrow.

PONS
Pons, n.; pl. Pontes. Etym: [L., a bridge.] (Anat.)

Defn: A bridge; -- applied to several parts which connect others, but
especially to the pons Varolii, a prominent band of nervous tissue
situated on the ventral side of the medulla oblongata and connected
at each side with the hemispheres of the cerebellum; the
mesocephalon. See Brain. Pons asinorum. Etym: [L., literally, bridge
of asses.] See Asses' bridge, under Ass.

PONTAGE
Pon"tage (; 48), n. Etym: [LL. pontagium, from L. pons, pontis, a
bridge: cf. F. pontage.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A duty or tax paid for repairing bridges. Ayliffe.

PONTEE
Pon*tee", n. Etym: [F. pontil, pontis.] (Glass Making)

Defn: An iron rod used by glass makers for manipulating the hot
glass; -- called also, puntil, puntel, punty, and ponty. See Fascet.

PONTIC
Pon"tic, a. Etym: [L. Ponticus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Pontus, Euxine, or Black Sea.

PONTIFEX
Pon"ti*fex, n.; pl. Pontifices. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A high priest; a pontiff.

PONTIFF
Pon"tiff, n. Etym: [F. pontife, L. pontifex, -ficis; pons, pontis, a
bridge (perhaps originally, a way, path) + facere to make. Cf.
Pontoon.]

Defn: A high priest. Especially:
(a) One of the sacred college, in ancient Rome, which had the supreme
jurisdiction over all matters of religion, at the head of which was
the Pontifex Maximus. Dr. W. Smith.
(b) (Jewish Antiq.) The chief priest.
(c) (R. C. Ch.) The pope.

PONTIFIC
Pon*tif"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. L. pontificius.]

1. Relating to, or consisting of, pontiffs or priests. "The pontific
college with their augurs and flamens." Milton.

2. Of or pertaining to the pope; papal. Shenstone.

PONTIFICAL
Pon*tif"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. pontificalis: cf. F. pontifical. See
Pontiff.]

1. Of or pertaining to a pontiff, or high priest; as, pontifical
authority; hence, belonging to the pope; papal.

2. Of or pertaining to the building of bridges. [R.]
Now had they brought the work by wondrous art Pontifical, a ridge of
pendent rock Over the vexed abyss. Milton.

PONTIFICAL
Pon*tif"ic*al, n. Etym: [F.]

1. A book containing the offices, or formulas, used by a pontiff.
South.

2. pl.

Defn: The dress and ornaments of a pontiff. "Dressed in full
pontificals." Sir W. Scott.

PONTIFICALITY
Pon*tif`i*cal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state and government of the pope; the papacy. [R.] Bacon.

PONTIFICALLY
Pon*tif"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pontifical manner.

PONTIFICATE
Pon*tif"i*cate, n. Etym: [L. pontificatus: cf. F. pontificat. See
Pontiff.]

1. The state or dignity of a high priest; specifically, the office of
the pope. Addison.

2. The term of office of a pontiff. Milman.

PONTIFICATE
Pon*tif"i*cate, v. i. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: To perform the duty of a pontiff.

PONTIFICE
Pon"ti*fice, n. Etym: [L. pons, pontis, a bridge + facere to make.
Cf. Pontiff.]

Defn: Bridgework; structure or edifice of a bridge. [R.] Milton.

PONTIFICIAL
Pon`ti*fi"cial, a. Etym: [L. pontificius.]

Defn: Papal; pontifical. [Obs.] "Pontificial writers." Burton.

PONTIFICIAN
Pon`ti*fi"cian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pontiff or pope. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

PONTIFICIAN
Pon`ti*fi"cian, n.

Defn: One who adheres to the pope or papacy; a papist. [Obs.] Bp.
Montagu.

PONTIL
Pon"til, n.

Defn: Same as Pontee.

PONTILE
Pon"tile, a. Etym: [L. pontilis pertaining to a bridge.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pons Varolii. See Pons.

PONTINE
Pon"tine, a. Etym: [L. Pontinus or Pomptinus, an appellation given to
a district in Latium, near Pometia.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an extensive marshy district between Rome
and Naples. [Written also Pomptine.]

PONTLEVIS
Pont"le*vis, n. Etym: [F., properly, a drawbridge.] (Man.)

Defn: The action of a horse in rearing repeatedly and dangerously.

PONTON
Pon*ton", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Pontoon.

PONTOON
Pon*toon", n. Etym: [F. ponton (cf. It. pontone), from L. ponto, -
onis, fr. pons, pontis, a bridge, perhaps originally, a way, path:
cf. Gr. path, pathi, panthan. Cf. Punt a boat.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A wooden flat-bottomed boat, a metallic cylinder, or a frame
covered with canvas, India rubber, etc., forming a portable float,
used in building bridges quickly for the passage of troops.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A low, flat vessel, resembling a barge, furnished with cranes,
capstans, and other machinery, used in careening ships, raising
weights, drawing piles, etc., chiefly in the Mediterranean; a
lighter. Pontoon bridge, a bridge formed with pontoons.
 -- Pontoon train, the carriages of the pontoons, and the materials
they carry for making a pontoon bridge.

Note: The French spelling ponton often appears in scientific works,
but pontoon is more common form.

PONTOONING
Pon*toon"ing, n.

Defn: The act, art, or process of constructing pontoon bridges. "Army
instruction in pontooning." Gen. W. T. Shermah.

PONTVOLANT
Pont`vo*lant" (; F. ), n. Etym: [F. pont bridge + volant flying.]
(Mil.)

Defn: A kind of light bridge, used in sieges, for surprising a post
or outwork which has but a narrow moat; a flying bridge.

PONTY
Pon"ty, n. (Class Making)

Defn: See Pontee.

PONY
Po"ny, n.; pl. Ponies (. [Written also poney.] Etym: [Gael. ponaidh.]

1. A small horse.

2. Twenty-five pounds sterling. [Slang, Eng.]

3. A translation or a key used to avoid study in getting lessons; a
crib. [College Cant]

4. A small glass of beer. [Slang] Pony chaise, a light, low chaise,
drawn by a pony or a pair of ponies.
 -- Pony engine, a small locomotive for switching cars from one track
to another. [U.S.] -- Pony truck (Locomotive Engine), a truck which
has only two wheels.
 -- Pony truss (Bridge Building), a truss which has so little height
that overhead bracing can not be used.

POOD
Pood, n. Etym: [Russ. pud'.]

Defn: A Russian weight, equal to forty Russian pounds or about
thirty-six English pounds avoirdupois.

POODLE
Poo"dle, n. Etym: [G. pudel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A breed of dogs having curly hair, and often showing remarkable
intelligence in the performance of tricks.

POOH
Pooh, interj. Etym: [Of. imitative origin; cf. Icel. pu.]

Defn: Pshaw! pish! nonsense! -- an expression of scorn, dislike, or
contempt.

POOH-POOH
Pooh`-pooh", v. t.

Defn: To make light of; to treat with derision or contempt, as if by
saying pooh! pooh! [Colloq.] Thackeray.

POOKOO
Poo"koo, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A red African antelope (Kobus Vardoni) allied to the water
buck.

POOL
Pool, n. Etym: [AS. pol; akin to LG. pool, pohl, D. poel, G. pfuhl;
cf. Icel. pollr, also W. pwll, Gael. poll.]

1. A small and rather deep collection of (usually) fresh water, as
one supplied by a spring, or occurring in the course of a stream; a
reservoir for water; as, the pools of Solomon. Wyclif.
Charity will hardly water the ground where it must first fill a pool.
Bacon.
The sleepy pool above the dam. Tennyson.

2. A small body of standing or stagnant water; a puddle. "The filthy
mantled pool beyond your cell." Shak.

POOL
Pool, n. Etym: [F. poule, properly, a hen. See Pullet.] [Written also
poule.]

1. The stake played for in certain games of cards, billiards, etc.;
an aggregated stake to which each player has contributed a snare;
also, the receptacle for the stakes.

2. A game at billiards, in which each of the players stakes a certain
sum, the winner taking the whole; also, in public billiard rooms, a
game in which the loser pays the entrance fee for all who engage in
the game; a game of skill in pocketing the balls on a pool table.

Note: This game is played variously, but commonly with fifteen balls,
besides one cue ball, the contest being to drive the most balls into
the pockets.
He plays pool at the billiard houses. Thackeray.

3. In rifle shooting, a contest in which each competitor pays a
certain sum for every shot he makes, the net proceeds being divided
among the winners.

4. Any gambling or commercial venture in which several persons join.

5. A combination of persons contributing money to be used for the
purpose of increasing or depressing the market price of stocks,
grain, or other commodities; also, the aggregate of the sums so
contributed; as, the pool took all the wheat offered below the limit;
he put $10,000 into the pool.

6. (Railroads)

Defn: A mutual arrangement between competing lines, by which the
receipts of all are aggregated, and then distributed pro rata
according to agreement.

7. (Law)

Defn: An aggregation of properties or rights, belonging to different
people in a community, in a common fund, to be charged with common
liabilities. Pin pool, a variety of the game of billiards in which
small wooden pins are set up to be knocked down by the balls.
 -- Pool ball, one of the colored ivory balls used in playing the
game at billiards called pool.
 -- Pool snipe (Zoöl.), the European redshank. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pool
table, a billiard table with pockets.

POOL
Pool, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pooled; p. pr. & vb. n. Pooling.]

Defn: To put together; to contribute to a common fund, on the basis
of a mutual division of profits or losses; to make a common interest
of; as, the companies pooled their traffic.
Finally, it favors the poolingof all issues. U. S. Grant.

POOL
Pool, v. i.

Defn: To combine or contribute with others, as for a commercial,
speculative, or gambling transaction.

POOLER
Pool"er, n.

Defn: A stick for stirring a tan vat.

POOLING
Pool"ing, n. (Law)

Defn: The act of uniting, or an agreement to unite, an aggregation of
properties belonging to different persons, with a view to common
liabilities or profits.

POON
Poon, n. Etym: [Canarese ponne.]

Defn: A name for several East Indian, or their wood, used for the
masts and spars of vessels, as Calophyllum angustifolium, C.
inophullum, and Sterculia foetida; -- called also peon.

POONAC
Poo"nac, n.

Defn: A kind of oil cake prepared from the cocoanut. See Oil cake,
under Cake.

POONAH PAINTING
Poo"nah paint`ing. [From Poona, in Bombay Province, India.]

Defn: A style of painting, popular in England in the 19th century, in
which a thick opaque color is applied without background and with
scarcely any shading, to thin paper, producing flowers, birds, etc.,
in imitation of Oriental work. Hence: Poonah brush, paper, painter,
etc.

POONGA OIL
Poon"ga oil`.

Defn: A kind of oil used in India for lamps, and for boiling with
dammar for pitching vessels. It is pressed from the seeds of a
leguminous tree (Pongamia glabra).

POOP
Poop, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See 2d Poppy.

POOP
Poop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pooped; p. pr. & vb. n. Pooping.] Etym:
[Cf. D. poepen. See Pop.]

Defn: To make a noise; to pop; also, to break wind.

POOP
Poop, n. Etym: [F. poupe; cf. Sp. & Pg. popa, It. poppa; all fr. L.
puppis.] (Naut.)

Defn: A deck raised above the after part of a vessel; the hindmost or
after part of a vessel's hull; also, a cabin covered by such a deck.
See Poop deck, under Deck. See also Roundhouse.
With wind in poop, the vessel plows the sea. Dryden.
The poop was beaten gold. Shak.

POOP
Poop, v. t. (Naut.)
(a) To break over the poop or stern, as a wave. "A sea which he
thought was going to poop her." Lord Dufferin.
(b) To strike in the stern, as by collision.

POOPED
Pooped, p. p. & a. (Naut.)
(a) Having a poop; furnished with a poop.
(b) Struck on the poop.

POOPING
Poop"ing, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The act or shock of striking a vessel's stern by a following
wave or vessel.

POOR
Poor, a. [Compar. Poorer (; 254); superl. Poorest.] Etym: [OE. poure
or povre, OF. povre, F. pauvre, L. pauper; the first syllable of
which is probably akin to paucus few (see Paucity, Few), and the
second to parare to prepare, procure. See Few, and cf. Parade,
Pauper, Poverty.]

1. Destitute of property; wanting in material riches or goods; needy;
indigent.

Note: It is often synonymous with indigent and with necessitous
denoting extreme want. It is also applied to persons who are not
entirely destitute of property, but who are not rich; as, a poor man
or woman; poor people.

2. (Law)

Defn: So completely destitute of property as to be entitled to
maintenance from the public.

3. Hence, in very various applications:

Defn: Destitute of such qualities as are desirable, or might
naturally be expected; as:
(a) Wanting in fat, plumpness, or fleshiness; lean; emaciated;
meager; as, a poor horse, ox, dog, etc. "Seven other kine came up
after them, poor and very ill-favored and lean-fleshed." Gen. xli.
19.
(b) Wanting in strength or vigor; feeble; dejected; as, poor health;
poor spirits. "His genius . . . poor and cowardly." Bacon.
(c) Of little value or worth; not good; inferior; shabby; mean; as,
poor clothes; poor lodgings. "A poor vessel." Clarendon.
(d) Destitute of fertility; exhausted; barren; sterile; -- said of
land; as, poor soil.
(e) Destitute of beauty, fitness, or merit; as, a poor discourse; a
poor picture.
(f) Without prosperous conditions or good results; unfavorable;
unfortunate; unconformable; as, a poor business; the sick man had a
poor night.
(g) Inadequate; insufficient; insignificant; as, a poor excuse.
That I have wronged no man will be a poor plea or apology at the last
day. Calamy.

4. Worthy of pity or sympathy; -- used also sometimes as a term of
endearment, or as an expression of modesty, and sometimes as a word
of contempt.
And for mine own poor part, Look you, I'll go pray. Shak.
Poor, little, pretty, fluttering thing. Prior.

5. Free from self-assertion; not proud or arrogant; meek. "Blessed
are the poor in spirit." Matt. v. 3. Poor law, a law providing for,
or regulating, the relief or support of the poor.
 -- Poor man's treacle (Bot.), garlic; -- so called because it was
thought to be an antidote to animal poison. [Eng] Dr. Prior.
 -- Poor man's weatherglass (Bot.), the red-flowered pimpernel
(Anagallis arvensis), which opens its blossoms only in fair weather.
 -- Poor rate, an assessment or tax, as in an English parish, for the
relief or support of the poor.
 -- Poor soldier (Zoöl.), the friar bird.
 -- The poor, those who are destitute of property; the indigent; the
needy. In a legal sense, those who depend on charity or maintenance
by the public. "I have observed the more public provisions are made
for the poor, the less they provide for themselves." Franklin.

POOR
Poor, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European codfish (Gadus minutus); -- called also power
cod.

POORBOX
Poor"box`, n.

Defn: A receptacle in which money given for the poor is placed.

POORHOUSE
Poor"house`, n.

Defn: A dwelling for a number of paupers maintained at public
expense; an almshouse; a workhouse.

POOR-JOHN
Poor"-john`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European fish, similar to the cod, but of inferior
quality.
Poor-john and apple pies are all our fare. Sir J. Harrington.

POORLINESS
Poor"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being poorly; ill health.

POORLY
Poor"ly, adv.

1. In a poor manner or condition; without plenty, or sufficiency, or
suitable provision for comfort; as, to live poorly.

2. With little or no success; indifferently; with little profit or
advantage; as, to do poorly in business.

3. Meanly; without spirit.
Nor is their courage or their wealth so low, That from his wars they
poorly would retire. Dryden.

4. Without skill or merit; as, he performs poorly. Poorly off, not
well off; not rich.

POORLY
Poor"ly, a.

Defn: Somewhat ill; indisposed; not in health. "Having been poorly in
health." T. Scott.

POORNESS
Poor"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being poor (in any of the senses of the
adjective). Bacon.

POOR-SPIRITED
Poor"-spir`it*ed, a.

Defn: Of a mean spirit; cowardly; base.
 -- Poor"-spir`it*ed*ness, n.

POOR-WILL
Poor"-will`, n. Etym: [So called in imitation of its note.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the Western United States (Phalænoptilus Nutalli)
allied to the whip-poor-will.

POOR-WILLIE
Poor"-wil`lie, n. Etym: [So called in imitation of its note.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bar-tailed godwit. [Prov. Eng.]

POP
Pop, n. Etym: [Of imitative origin. Cf. Poop.]

1. A small, sharp, quick explosive sound or report; as, to go off
with a pop. Addison.

2. An unintoxicating beverage which expels the cork with a pop from
the bottle containing it; as, ginger pop; lemon pop, etc. Hood.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European redwing. [Prov. Eng.] Pop corn. (a) Corn, or
maize, of peculiar excellence for popping; especially, a kind the
grains of which are small and compact. (b) Popped corn; which has
been popped.

POP
Pop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Popped; p. pr. & vb. n. Popping.]

1. To make a pop, or sharp, quick sound; as, the muskets popped away
on all sides.

2. To enter, or issue forth, with a quick, sudden movement; to move
from place to place suddenly; to dart; -- with in, out, upon, off,
etc.
He that killed my king . . . Popp'd in between the election and my
hopes. Shak.
A trick of popping up and down every moment. Swift.

3. To burst open with a pop, when heated over a fire; as, this corn
pops well.

POP
Pop, v. t.

1. To thrust or push suddenly; to offer suddenly; to bring suddenly
and unexpectedly to notice; as, to pop one's head in at the door.
He popped a paper into his hand. Milton.

2. To cause to pop; to cause to burst open by heat, as grains of
Indian corn; as, to pop corn or chestnuts. To pop off, to thrust
away, or put off promptly; as, to pop one off with a denial. Locke.
 -- To pop the question, to make an offer of marriage to a lady.
[Colloq.] Dickens.

POP
Pop, adv.

Defn: Like a pop; suddenly; unexpectedly. "Pop goes his plate." Beau.
& Fl.

POPE
Pope, n. Etym: [AS. papa, L. papa father, bishop. Cf. Papa, Papal.]

1. Any ecclesiastic, esp. a bishop. [Obs.] Foxe.

2. The bishop of Rome, the head of the Roman Catholic Church. See
Note under Cardinal.

3. A parish priest, or a chaplain, of the Greek Church.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish; the ruff. Pope Joan, a game at cards played on a round
board with compartments.
 -- Pope's eye, the gland surrounded with fat in the middle of the
thigh of an ox or sheep. R. D. Blackmore.
 -- Pope's nose, the rump, or uropygium, of a bird. See Uropygium.

POPEDOM
Pope"dom, n. Etym: [AS. papedom.]

1. The place, office, or dignity of the pope; papal dignity. Shak.

2. The jurisdiction of the pope.

POPELING
Pope"ling, n.

1. A petty or deputy pope.

2. An adherent of the pope. [R.] Marlowe.

POPELOTE
Pop"e*lote, n.

Defn: A word variously explained as "a little puppet," "a little
doll," or "a young butterfly." Cf. Popet. [Obs.]
So gay a popelote, so sweet a wench. Chaucer.

POPERY
Pop"er*y, n.

Defn: The religion of the Roman Catholic Church, comprehending
doctrines and practices; -- generally used in an opprobrious sense.

POPE'S HEAD
Pope's head.

Defn: A long-handled brush for dusting ceilings, etc., also for
washing windows. [Cant]

POPET
Pop"et, n.

Defn: A puppet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

POPGUN
Pop"gun`, n.

Defn: A child's gun; a tube and rammer for shooting pellets, with a
popping noise, by compression of air.

POPINJAY
Pop"in*jay, n. Etym: [OE. popingay, papejay, OF. papegai, papegaut;
cf. Pr. papagai, Sp. & Pg. papagayo, It. pappagallo, LGr. gallus
cock, or the same word as E. jay, F. geai. Cf. Papagay.]

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) The green woodpecker.
(b) A parrot.
The pye and popyngay speak they know not what. Tyndale.

2. A target in the form of a parrot. [Scot.]

3. A trifling, chattering, fop or coxcomb. "To be so pestered with a
popinjay." Shak.

POPISH
Pop"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pope; taught or ordained by the pope;
hence, of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church; -- often used
opprobriously.
 -- Pop"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Pop"ish*ness, n.

POPLAR
Pop"lar, n. Etym: [OE. popler, OF. poplier, F. peuplier, fr. L.
populus poplar.] (Bot.)

1. Any tree of the genus Populus; also, the timber, which is soft,
and capable of many uses.

Note: The aspen poplar is Populus tremula and P. tremuloides; Balsam
poplar is P. balsamifera; Lombardy poplar (P. dilatata) is a tall,
spiry tree; white poplar is Populus alba.

2. The timber of the tulip tree; -- called also white poplar. [U.S.]

POPLEXY
Po*plex"y, n.

Defn: Apoplexy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

POPLIN
Pop"lin, n. Etym: [F. popeline, papeline.]

Defn: A fabric of many varieties, usually made of silk and worsted, -
- used especially for women's dresses. Irish poplin, a fabric with
silk warp and worsted weft, made in Ireland.

POPLITEAL
Pop*lit"e*al, a. Etym: [From L. poples, -itis, the ham.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ham; in the region of the ham, or
behind the knee joint; as, the popliteal space.

POPLITIC
Pop*lit"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Popliteal.

POPOVTSY
Po*pov"tsy, n. pl. [Russ., prop., those having popes or priests.]

Defn: See Raskolnik.

POPPER
Pop"per, n.

Defn: A utensil for popping corn, usually a wire basket with a long
handle.

POPPER
Pop"per, n.

Defn: A dagger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

POPPET
Pop"pet, n.

1. See Puppet.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: One of certain upright timbers on the bilge ways, used to
support a vessel in launching. Totten.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: An upright support or guide fastened at the bottom only. Poppet
head, Puppet head. See Headstock (a).

POPPIED
Pop"pied, a. Etym: [See 1st Poppy.]

1. Mingled or interspersed with poppies. "Poppied corn." Keats.

2. Affected with poppy juice; hence, figuratively, drugged; drowsy;
listless; inactive. [R.]
The poppied sails doze on the yard. Lowell.

POPPING
Pop"ping,

Defn: a. & n. from Pop. Popping crease. (Cricket) See under Crease.

POPPLE
Pop"ple, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Pop.]

Defn: To move quickly up and down; to bob up and down, as a cork on
rough water; also, to bubble. Cotton.

POPPLE
Pop"ple, n.

1. The poplar. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.]

2. Tares. [Obs.] "To sow popple among wheat." Bale.

POPPY
Pop"py, n.; pl. Poppies. Etym: [OE. popy, AS. popig, L. papaver.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Any plant or species of the genus Papaver, herbs with showy
polypetalous flowers and a milky juice. From one species (Papaver
somniferum) opium is obtained, though all the species contain it to
some extent; also, a flower of the plant. See Illust. of Capsule.
California poppy (Bot.), any yellow-flowered plant of the genus
Eschscholtzia.
 -- Corn poppy. See under Corn.
 -- Horn, or Horned, poppy. See under Horn.
 -- Poppy bee (Zoöl.), a leaf-cutting bee (Anthocopa papaveris) which
uses pieces cut from poppy petals for the lining of its cells; --
called also upholsterer bee.
 -- Prickly poppy (Bot.), Argemone Mexicana, a yellow-flowered plant
of the Poppy family, but as prickly as a thistle.
 -- Poppy seed, the seed the opium poppy (P. somniferum).
 -- Spatling poppy (Bot.), a species of Silene (S. inflata). See
Catchfly.

POPPY; POPPYHEAD
Pop"py, Pop"py*head`, n. Etym: [F. poupée doll, puppet. See Puppet.]
(Arch.)

Defn: A raised ornament frequently having the form of a final. It is
generally used on the tops of the upright ends or elbows which
terminate seats, etc., in Gothic churches.

POPULACE
Pop"u*lace, n. Etym: [F. populace, fr. It. popolaccio, popolazzo, fr.
popolo people, L. populus. See People.]

Defn: The common people; the vulgar; the multitude, -- comprehending
all persons not distinguished by rank, office, education, or
profession. Pope.
To . . . calm the peers and please the populace. Daniel.
They . . . call us Britain's barbarous populaces. Tennyson.

Syn.
 -- Mob; people; commonalty.

POPULACY
Pop"u*la*cy, n.

Defn: Populace. [Obs.] Feltham.

POPULAR
Pop"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. popularis, fr. populus people: cf. F.
populaire. See People.]

1. Of or pertaining to the common people, or to the whole body of the
people, as distinguished from a select portion; as, the popular
voice; popular elections. "Popular states." Bacon. "So the popular
vote inclines." Milton.
The commonly held in popular estimation are greatest at a distance.
J. H. Newman.

2. Suitable to common people; easy to be comprehended; not abstruse;
familiar; plain.
Homilies are plain popular instructions. Hooker.

3. Adapted to the means of the common people; possessed or obtainable
by the many; hence, cheap; common; ordinary; inferior; as, popular
prices; popular amusements.
The smallest figs, called popular figs, . . . are, of all others, the
basest and of least account. Holland.

4. Beloved or approved by the people; pleasing to people in general,
or to many people; as, a popular preacher; a popular law; a popular
administration.

5. Devoted to the common people; studious of the favor of the
populace. [R.]
Such popular humanity is treason. Addison.

6. Prevailing among the people; epidemic; as, a popular disease.
[Obs.] Johnson. Popular action (Law), an action in which any person
may sue for penalty imposed by statute. Blackstone.

POPULARES
Pop`u*la"res, n. pl. Etym: [L.]

Defn: The people or the people's party, in ancient Rome, as opposed
to the optimates.

POPULARITY
Pop`u*lar"i*ty, n.; pl. Popularities. Etym: [L. popularitas an effort
to please the people: cf. F. popularité.]

1. The quality or state of being popular; especially, the state of
being esteemed by, or of being in favor with, the people at large;
good will or favor proceeding from the people; as, the popularity of
a law, statesman, or a book.
A popularity which has lasted down to our time. Macaulay.

2. The quality or state of being adapted or pleasing to common, poor,
or vulgar people; hence, cheapness; inferiority; vulgarity.
This gallant laboring to avoid popularity falls into a habit of
affectation. B. Jonson.

3. Something which obtains, or is intended to obtain, the favor of
the vulgar; claptrap.
Popularities, and circumstances which . . . sway the ordinary
judgment. Bacon.

4. The act of courting the favor of the people. [Obs.] "Indicted . .
. for popularity and ambition." Holland.

5. Public sentiment; general passion. [R.]
A little time be allowed for the madness of popularity to cease.
Bancroft.

POPULARIZATION
Pop`u*lar*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of making popular, or of introducing among the people.

POPULARIZE
Pop"u*lar*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Popularized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Popularizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. populariser.]

Defn: To make popular; to make suitable or acceptable to the common
people; to make generally known; as, to popularize philosophy. "The
popularizing of religious teaching." Milman.

POPULARIZER
Pop"u*lar*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who popularizes.

POPULARLY
Pop"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a popular manner; so as to be generally favored or accepted
by the people; commonly; currently; as, the story was popularity
reported.
The victor knight, Bareheaded, popularly low had bowed. Dryden.

POPULARNESS
Pop"u*lar*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being popular; popularity. Coleridge.

POPULATE
Pop"u*late, a. Etym: [L. populus people. See People.]

Defn: Populous. [Obs.] Bacon.

POPULATE
Pop"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Populated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Populating.]

Defn: To furnish with inhabitants, either by natural increase or by
immigration or colonization; to cause to be inhabited; to people.

POPULATE
Pop"u*late, v. i.

Defn: To propagate. [Obs.]
Great shoals of people which go on to populate. Bacon.

POPULATION
Pop`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. populatio: cf. F. population.]

1. The act or process of populating; multiplication of inhabitants.

2. The whole number of people, or inhabitants, in a country, or
portion of a country; as, a population of ten millions.

POPULATOR
Pop"u*la`tor, n.

Defn: One who populates.

POPULICIDE
Pop"u*li*cide`, n. Etym: [L. populus people + caedere to kill.]

Defn: Slaughter of the people. [R.]

POPULIN
Pop"u*lin, n. Etym: [L. populus poplar: cf. F. populine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A glycoside, related to salicin, found in the bark of certain
species of the poplar (Populus), and extracted as a sweet white
crystalline substance.

POPULISM
Pop"u*lism, n. (U. S. Politics)

Defn: The political doctrines advocated by the People's party.

POPULIST
Pop"u*list, n. [L. populus people + -ist.] (U. S. Politics)

Defn: A member of the People's party. -- Pop`u*lis"tic (#), a.

POPULOSITY
Pop`u*los"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. populositas: cf. F. populosité.]

Defn: Populousness.[Obs.]

POPULOUS
Pop"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. populosus, fr. populus people: cf. F.
populeux.]

1. Abounding in people; full of inhabitants; containing many
inhabitants in proportion to the extent of the country.
Heaven, yet populous, retains Number sufficient to possess her
realms. Milton.

2. Popular; famous. [Obs.] J. Webster.

3. Common; vulgar. [Obs.] Arden of Feversham.

4. Numerous; in large number. [Obs.] "The dust . . . raised by your
populous troops." Shak.
 -- Pop"u*lous*ly, adv.
 -- Pop"u*lous*ness, n.

PORAILLE
Po*raille", n. Etym: [OF. pouraille. See Poor.]

Defn: Poor people; the poor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PORBEAGLE
Por"bea`gle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of shark (Lamna cornubica), about eight feet long,
having a pointed nose and a crescent-shaped tail; -- called also
mackerel shark. [Written also probeagle.]

PORCATE
Por"cate, a. Etym: [L. porca a ridge between two furrows.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having grooves or furrows broader than the intervening ridges;
furrowed.

PORCELAIN
Por"ce*lain, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Purslain. [Obs.]

PORCELAIN
Por"ce*lain (277), n. Etym: [F. porcelaine, It. porcellana, orig.,
the porcelain shell, or Venus shell (Cypræa porcellana), from a dim.
fr. L. porcus pig, probably from the resemblance of the shell in
shape to a pig's back. Porcelain was called after this shell, either
on account of its smoothness and whiteness, or because it was
believed to be made from it. See Pork.]

Defn: A fine translucent or semitransculent kind of earthenware, made
first in China and Japan, but now also in Europe and America; --
called also China, or China ware.
Porcelain, by being pure, is apt to break. Dryden.
Ivory porcelain, porcelain with a surface like ivory, produced by
depolishing. See Depolishing.
 -- Porcelain clay. See under Clay.
 -- Porcelain crab (Zoöl.), any crab of the genus Porcellana and
allied genera (family Porcellanidæ). They have a smooth, polished
carapace.
 -- Porcelain jasper. (Min.) See Porcelanite.
 -- Porcelain printing, the transferring of an impression of an
engraving to porcelain.
 -- Porcelain shell (Zoöl.), a cowry.

PORCELAINIZED
Por"ce*lain*ized, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Baked like potter's lay; -- applied to clay shales that have
been converted by heat into a substance resembling porcelain.

PORCELANEOUS; PORCELLANEOUS
Por`ce*la"ne*ous, Por`cel*la"ne*ous, a.

1. Of or pertaining to porcelain; resembling porcelain; as,
porcelaneous shells.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a smooth, compact shell without pores; -- said of
certain Foraminifera.

PORCELANITE
Por"ce*la*nite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. porcelanite.] (Min.)

Defn: A semivitrified clay or shale, somewhat resembling jasper; --
called also porcelain jasper.

PORCELANOUS; PORCELLANOUS
Por"ce*la`nous, Por"cel*la`nous, a.

Defn: Porcelaneous. Ure.

PORCH
Porch, n. Etym: [F. porche, L. porticus, fr. porta a gate, entrance,
or passage. See Port a gate, and cf. Portico.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A covered and inclosed entrance to a building, whether taken
from the interior, and forming a sort of vestibule within the main
wall, or projecting without and with a separate roof. Sometimes the
porch is large enough to serve as a covered walk. See also Carriage
porch, under Carriage, and Loggia.
The graceless Helen in the porch I spied Of Vesta's temple. Dryden.

2. A portico; a covered walk. [Obs.]
Repair to Pompey's porch, where you shall find find us. Shak.
The Porch, a public portico, or great hall, in Athens, where Zeno,
the philosopher, taught his disciples; hence, sometimes used as
equivalent to the school of the Stoics. It was called "h poiki`lh
stoa`. [See Poicile.]

PORCINE
Por"cine, a. Etym: [L. porcinus, from porcus a swine. See Pork.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to swine; characteristic of the hog. "Porcine
cheeks." G. Eliot.

PORCUPINE
Por"cu*pine, n. Etym: [OE. porkepyn, porpentine, OF. porc-espi, F.
porc-épic (cf. It. porco spino, porco spinoso, Sp. puerco espino,
puerco espin, fr. L. porcus swine + spina thorn, spine). The last
part of the French word is perhaps a corruption from the It. or Sp.;
cf. F. épi ear, a spike of grain, L. spica. See Pork, Spike a large
nail, Spine.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any Old Word rodent of the genus Hystrix, having the back
covered with long, sharp, erectile spines or quills, sometimes a foot
long. The common species of Europe and Asia (Hystrix cristata) is the
best known.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Erethizon and related genera, native of America.
They are related to the true porcupines, but have shorter spines, and
are arboreal in their habits. The Canada porcupine (Erethizon
dorsatus) is a well known species. Porcupine ant-eater (Zoöl.), the
echidna.
 -- Porcupine crab (Zoöl.), a large spiny Japanese crab
(Acantholithodes hystrix).
 -- Porcupine disease (Med.). See Ichthyosis.
 -- Porcupine fish (Zoöl.), any plectognath fish having the body
covered with spines which become erect when the body is inflated. See
Diodon, and Globefish.
 -- Porcupine grass (Bot.), a grass (Stipa spartea) with grains
bearing a stout twisted awn, which, by coiling and uncoiling through
changes in moisture, propels the sharp-pointed and barbellate grain
into the wool and flesh of sheep. It is found from Illinois westward.
See Illustration in Appendix.
 -- Porcupine wood (Bot.), the hard outer wood of the cocoa palm; --
so called because, when cut horizontally, the markings of the wood
resemble the quills of a porcupine.

PORE
Pore, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. porus, Gr. Fare, v.]

1. One of the minute orifices in an animal or vegetable membrane, for
transpiration, absorption, etc.

2. A minute opening or passageway; an interstice between the
constituent particles or molecules of a body; as, the pores of
stones.

PORE
Pore, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pored; p. pr. & vb. n. Poring.] Etym: [OE.
poren, of uncertain origin; cf. D. porren to poke, thrust, Gael.
purr.]

Defn: To look or gaze steadily in reading or studying; to fix the
attention; to be absorbed; -- often with on or upon, and now usually
with over."Painfully to pore upon a book." Shak.
The eye grows weary with poring perpetually on the same thing.
Dryden.

POREBLIND
Pore"blind`, a. Etym: [Probably influenced by pore, v. See Purblind.]

Defn: Nearsighted; shortsighted; purblind. [Obs.] Bacon.

PORER
Por"er, n.

Defn: One who pores.

PORGY
Por"gy, n.; pl. Porgies. Etym: [See Paugie.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The scup.
(b) The sailor's choice, or pinfish.
(c) The margate fish.
(d) The spadefish.
(e) Any one of several species of embiotocoids, or surf fishes, of
the Pacific coast. The name is also given locally to several other
fishes, as the bur fish. [Written also porgee, porgie, and paugy.]

PORIFERA
Po*rif"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. porus pore + ferre to bear.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A grand division of the Invertebrata, including the sponges; --
called also Spongiæ, Spongida, and Spongiozoa. The principal
divisions are Calcispongiæ, Keratosa or Fibrospongiæ, and Silicea.

PORIFERAN
Po*rif"er*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Polifera.

PORIFERATA
Po*rif`e*ra"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: The Polifera.

PORIFORM
Po"ri*form, a. Etym: [L. porus pore + -form: cf. F. poriforme.]

Defn: Resembling a pore, or small puncture.

PORIME
Po"rime, n. Etym: [Gr. (Math.)

Defn: A theorem or proposition so easy of demonstration as to be
almost self-evident. [R.] Crabb.

PORINESS
Por"i*ness, n.

Defn: Porosity. Wiseman.

PORISM
Po"rism, n. Etym: [Gr. porisme.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A proposition affirming the possibility of finding such
conditions as will render a certain determinate problem indeterminate
or capable of innumerable solutions. Playfair.

2. (Gr. Geom.)

Defn: A corollary. Brande & C.

Note: Three books of porisms of Euclid have been lost, but several
attempts to determine the nature of these propositions and to restore
them have been made by modern geometers.

PORISMATIC; PORISMATICAL
Po`ris*mat"ic, Po`ris*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a porism; poristic.

PORISTIC; PORISTICAL
Po*ris"tic, Po*ris"tic*al, a.Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a porism; of the nature of a porism.

PORITE
Po"rite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. porite. See Pore, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any coral of the genus Porites, or family Poritidæ.

PORITES
Po*ri"tes, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An important genus of reef-building corals having small twelve-
rayed calicles, and a very porous coral. Some species are branched,
others grow in large massive or globular forms.

PORK
Pork, n. Etym: [F. porc, L. porcus hog, pig. See Farrow a litter of
pigs, and cf. Porcelain, Porpoise.]

Defn: The flesh of swine, fresh or salted, used for food.

PORKER
Pork"er, n.

Defn: A hog. Pope.

PORKET
Pork"et, n. Etym: [Dim. of F. porc. See Pork.]

Defn: A young hog; a pig. [R.] Dryden. W. Howitt.

PORKLING
Pork"ling, n.

Defn: A pig; a porket. Tusser.

PORKWOOD
Pork"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The coarse-grained brownish yellow wood of a small tree
(Pisonia obtusata) of Florida and the West Indies. Also called pigeon
wood, beefwood, and corkwood.

PORNERASTIC
Por`ne*ras"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Lascivious; licentious. [R.] F. Harrison.

PORNOGRAPHIC
Por`no*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pornography; lascivious; licentious; as,
pornographic writing.

PORNOGRAPHY
Por*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

1. Licentious painting or literature; especially, the painting
anciently employed to decorate the walls of rooms devoted to
bacchanalian orgies.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A treatise on prostitutes, or prostitution.

POROSITY
Po*ros"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. porosité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being porous; -- opposed to density.

POROTIC
Po*rot"ic, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine supposed to promote the formation of callus.

POROTYPE
Po"ro*type, n. [See Pore, n., and -type.]

Defn: A copy of a print, writing, etc., made by placing it upon a
chemically prepared paper which is acted upon by a gas which
permeates the paper of the print, writing, etc.

POROUS
Por"ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. poreux. See Pore, n.]

Defn: Full of pores; having interstices in the skin or in the
substance of the body; having spiracles or passages for fluids;
permeable by liquids; as, a porous skin; porous wood. "The veins of
porous earth." Milton.

POROUSLY
Por"ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a porous manner.

POROUSNESS
Por"ous*ness, n.

1. The quality of being porous.

2. The open parts; the interstices of anything. [R.]
They will forcibly get into the porousness of it. Sir K. Digby.

PORPENTINE
Por"pen*tine, n.

Defn: Porcupine. [Obs.] Shak.

PORPESSE
Por"pesse, n.

Defn: A porpoise. [Obs.]

PORPHYRACEOUS
Por`phy*ra"ceous, a.

Defn: Porphyritic.

PORPHYRE
Por"phyre, n.

Defn: Porphyry. [Obs.] Locke.

PORPHYRITE
Por"phy*rite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A rock with a porphyritic structure; as, augite porphyrite.

PORPHYRITIC
Por`phy*rit"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. porphyritique.] (Min.)

Defn: Relating to, or resembling, porphyry, that is, characterized by
the presence of distinct crystals, as of feldspar, quartz, or augite,
in a relatively fine-grained base, often aphanitic or
cryptocrystalline.

PORPHYRIZATION
Por`phy*ri*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of porphyrizing, or the state of being porphyrized.

PORPHYRIZE
Por`phy*rize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. porphyriser, Gr.

Defn: To cause to resemble porphyry; to make spotted in composition,
like porphyry.

PORPHYROGENITISM
Por`phy*ro*gen"i*tism, n. Etym: [LL. porphyro genitus, fr. Gr.

Defn: The principle of succession in royal families, especially among
the Eastern Roman emperors, by which a younger son, if born after the
accession of his father to the throne, was preferred to an elder son
who was not so born. Sir T. Palgrave.

PORPHYRY
Por"phy*ry, n.; pl. Porphyries. Etym: [F. porphyre, L. porphyrites,
fr. Gr. Purple.] (Geol.)

Defn: A term used somewhat loosely to designate a rock consisting of
a fine-grained base (usually feldspathic) through which crystals, as
of feldspar or quartz, are disseminated. There are red, purple, and
green varieties, which are highly esteemed as marbles. Porphyry shell
(Zoöl.), a handsome marine gastropod shell (Oliva porphyria), having
a dark red or brown polished surface, marked with light spots, like
porphyry.

PORPITA
Por"pi*ta, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of bright-colored Siphonophora found floating in the
warmer parts of the ocean. The individuals are round and disk-shaped,
with a large zooid in the center of the under side, surrounded by
smaller nutritive and reproductive zooids, and by slender
dactylozooids near the margin. The disk contains a central float, or
pneumatocyst.

PORPOISE
Por"poise, n. Etym: [OE. porpeys, OF. porpeis, literally, hog fish,
from L. porcus swine + piscis fish. See Pork, and Fish.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small cetacean of the genus Phocæna, especially P.
communis, or P. phocæna, of Europe, and the closely allied American
species (P. Americana). The color is dusky or blackish above, paler
beneath. They are closely allied to the dolphins, but have a shorter
snout. Called also harbor porpoise, herring hag, puffing pig, and
snuffer.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A true dolphin (Delphinus); -- often so called by sailors.
Skunk porpoise, or Bay porpoise (Zoöl.), a North American porpoise
(Lagenorhynchus acutus), larger than the common species, and with
broad stripes of white and yellow on the sides. See Illustration in
Appendix.

PORPORINO
Por`po*ri"no, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A composition of quicksilver, tin, and sulphur, forming a
yellow powder, sometimes used by mediæval artists, for the sake of
economy, instead of gold. Fairholt.

PORPUS
Por"pus, n.

Defn: A porpoise. [Obs.] Swift.

PORRACEOUS
Por*ra"ceous, a. Etym: [L. porraceus, from porrum, porrus, a leek.]

Defn: Resembling the leek in color; greenish. [R.] "Porraceous
vomiting." Wiseman.

PORRECT
Por*rect", a. Etym: [L. porrectus, p. p. of porrigere to stretch out
before one's self, to but forth.]

Defn: Extended horizontally; stretched out.

PORRECTION
Por*rec"tion, n. Etym: [L. porrectio: cf. F. porrection.]

Defn: The act of stretching forth.

PORRET
Por"ret, n. Etym: [F. porrette, fr. L. porrum, porrus, leek. See
Porraceous.]

Defn: A scallion; a leek or small onion. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

PORRIDGE
Por"ridge, n. Etym: [Probably corrupted fr. pottage; perh. influenced
by OE. porree a kind of pottage, OF. porrée, fr. L. porrum, porrus,
leek. See Pottage, and cf. Porringer.]

Defn: A food made by boiling some leguminous or farinaceous
substance, or the meal of it, in water or in milk, making of broth or
thin pudding; as, barley porridge, milk porridge, bean porridge, etc.

PORRINGER
Por"rin*ger, n. Etym: [OE. pottanger, for pottager; cf. F. potager a
soup basin. See Porridge.]

Defn: A porridge dish; esp., a bowl or cup from which children eat or
are fed; as, a silver porringer. Wordsworth.

PORT
Port, n. Etym: [From Oporto, in Portugal, i. e., the port, L. portus.
See Port harbor.]

Defn: A dark red or purple astringent wine made in Portugal. It
contains a large percentage of alcohol.

PORT
Port, n. Etym: [AS. port, L. portus: cf. F. port. See Farm, v., Ford,
and 1st, 3d, & 4h Port.]

1. A place where ships may ride secure from storms; a sheltered
inlet, bay, or cove; a harbor; a haven. Used also figuratively.

Peering in maps for ports and piers and roads. Shak.
We are in port if we have Thee. Keble.

2. In law and commercial usage, a harbor where vessels are admitted
to discharge and receive cargoes, from whence they depart and where
they finish their voyages. Free port. See under Free.
 -- Port bar. (Naut,) (a) A boom. See Boom, 4, also Bar, 3. (b) A
bar, as of sand, at the mouth of, or in, a port.
 -- Port charges (Com.), charges, as wharfage, etc., to which a ship
or its cargo is subjected in a harbor.
 -- Port of entry, a harbor where a customhouse is established for
the legal entry of merchandise.
 -- Port toll (Law), a payment made for the privilege of bringing
goods into port.
 -- Port warden, the officer in charge of a port; a harbor master.

PORT
Port, n. Etym: [F. porte, L. porta, akin to portus; cf. AS. porte,
fr. L. porta. See Port a harbor, and cf. Porte.]

1. A passageway; an opening or entrance to an inclosed place; a gate;
a door; a portal. [Archaic]
Him I accuse The city ports by this hath entered. Shak.
Form their ivory port the cherubim Forth issuing. Milton.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: An opening in the side of a vessel; an embrasure through which
cannon may be discharged; a porthole; also, the shutters which close
such an opening.
Her ports being within sixteen inches of the water. Sir W. Raleigh.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: A passageway in a machine, through which a fluid, as steam,
water, etc., may pass, as from a valve to the interior of the
cylinder of a steam engine; an opening in a valve seat, or valve
face. Air port, Bridle port, etc. See under Air, Bridle, etc.
 -- Port bar (Naut.), a bar to secure the ports of a ship in a gale.
 -- Port lid (Naut.), a lid or hanging for closing the portholes of a
vessel.
 -- Steam port, and Exhaust port (Steam Engine), the ports of the
cylinder communicating with the valve or valves, for the entrance or
exit of the steam, respectively.

PORT
Port, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ported; p. pr. & vb. n. Porting.] Etym: [F.
porter, L. portare to carry. See Port demeanor.]

1. To carry; to bear; to transport. [Obs.]
They are easily ported by boat into other shires. Fuller.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To throw, as a musket, diagonally across the body, with the
lock in front, the right hand grasping the small of the stock, and
the barrel sloping upward and crossing the point of the left
shoulder; as, to port arms.
Began to hem him round with ported spears. Milton.
Port arms, a position in the manual of arms, executed as above.

PORT
Port, n. Etym: [F. port, fr. porter to carry, L. portare, prob. akin
to E. fare, v. See Port harbor, and cf. Comport, Export, Sport.]

Defn: The manner in which a person bears himself; deportment;
carriage; bearing; demeanor; hence, manner or style of living; as, a
proud port. Spenser.
And of his port as meek as is a maid. Chaucer.
The necessities of pomp, grandeur, and a suitable port in the world.
South.

PORT
Port, n. Etym: [Etymology uncertain.] (Naut.)

Defn: The larboard or left side of a ship (looking from the stern
toward the bow); as, a vessel heels to port. See Note under Larboard.
Also used adjectively.

PORT
Port, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To turn or put to the left or larboard side of a ship; -- said
of the helm, and used chiefly in the imperative, as a command; as,
port your helm.

PORTA
Por"ta, n.; pl. Portæ. Etym: [L., a gate. See Port a hole.] (Anat.)
(a) The part of the liver or other organ where its vessels and nerves
enter; the hilus.
(b) The foramen of Monro. B. G. Wilder.

PORTABILITY
Port`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being portable; fitness to be carried.

PORTABLE
Port"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. portabilis, fr. portare to carry: cf. F.
portable. See Port demeanor.]

1. Capable of being borne or carried; easily transported; conveyed
without difficulty; as, a portable bed, desk, engine. South.

2. Possible to be endured; supportable. [Obs.]
How light and portable my pain seems now! Shak.
Portable forge. See under Forge.
 -- Portable steam engine. See under Steam engine.

PORTABLENESS
Port"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being portable; portability.

PORTACE
Por"tace (; 48), n.

Defn: See Portass. [Obs.]

PORTAGE
Port"age (; 48), n. Etym: [From 2d Port.] (Naut.)
(a) A sailor's wages when in port.
(b) The amount of a sailor's wages for a voyage.

PORTAGE
Port"age, n. Etym: [3d Port.]

Defn: A porthole. [Obs.] Shak.

PORTAGE
Por"tage, n. Etym: [F., from porter to carry. See Port to carry.]

1. The act of carrying or transporting.

2. The price of carriage; porterage. Bp. Fell.

3. Capacity for carrying; tonnage. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

4. A carry between navigable waters. See 3d Carry.

PORTAGE
Por"tage, v. t. & i.

Defn: To carry (goods, boats, etc.) overland between navigable
waters.

PORTAGE GROUP
Por"tage group`. Etym: [So called from the township of Portage in New
York.] (Geol.)

Defn: A subdivision of the Chemung period in American geology. See
Chart of Geology.

PORTAGUE
Por"ta*gue, n. Etym: [See Portuguese.]

Defn: A Portuguese gold coin formerly current, and variously
estimated to be worth from three and one half to four and one half
pounds sterling. [Obs.] [Written also portegue and portigue.]
Ten thousand portagues, besides great pearls. Marlowe.

PORTAL
Por"tal, n. Etym: [OF. portal, F. portail, LL. portale, fr. L. porta
a gate. See Port a gate.]

1. A door or gate; hence, a way of entrance or exit, especially one
that is grand and imposing.
Thick with sparkling orient gems The portal shone. Milton.
From out the fiery portal of the east. Shak.

2. (Arch.)
(a) The lesser gate, where there are two of different dimensions.
(b) Formerly, a small square corner in a room separated from the rest
of the apartment by wainscoting, forming a short passage to another
apartment.
(c) By analogy with the French portail, used by recent writers for
the whole architectural composition which surrounds and includes the
doorways and porches of a church.

3. (Bridge Building)

Defn: The space, at one end, between opposite trusses when these are
terminated by inclined braces.

4. A prayer book or breviary; a portass. [Obs.] Portal bracing
(Bridge Building), a combination of struts and ties which lie in the
plane of the inclined braces at a portal, serving to transfer wind
pressure from the upper parts of the trusses to an abutment or pier
of the bridge.

PORTAL
Por"tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a porta, especially the porta of the liver;
as, the portal vein, which enters the liver at the porta, and divides
into capillaries after the manner of an artery.

Note: Portal is applied to other veins which break up into
capillaries; as, the renal portal veins in the frog.

PORTAMENTO
Por`ta*men"to, n. Etym: [It., fr. portare to carry.] (Mus.)

Defn: In singing, or in the use of the bow, a gradual carrying or
lifting of the voice or sound very smoothly from one note to another;
a gliding from tone to tone.

PORTANCE
Por"tance, n.

Defn: See Port, carriage, demeanor. [Obs.] Spenser. Shak.

PORTASS
Por"tass, n. Etym: [OF. porte-hors a kind of prayer book, so called
from being portable; cf. LL. portiforium.]

Defn: A breviary; a prayer book. [Written variously portace,
portasse, portesse, portise, porthose, portos, portus, portuse, etc.]
[Obs.] Spenser. Camden.
By God and by this porthors I you swear. Chaucer.

PORTATE
Por"tate, a. Etym: [L. portatus, p. p. of portare to carry.] (Her.)

Defn: Borne not erect, but diagonally athwart an escutcheon; as, a
cross portate.

PORTATIVE
Por"ta*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. portatif.]

1. Portable. [Obs.]

2. (Physics)

Defn: Capable of holding up or carrying; as, the portative force of a
magnet, of atmospheric pressure, or of capillarity.

PORTCLUSE
Port"cluse, n.

Defn: A portcullis. [Obs.]

PORTCRAYON
Port`cray"on, n. Etym: [F. porte-crayon; porter to carry + crayon a
crayon.]

Defn: A metallic handle with a clasp for holding a crayon.

PORTCULLIS
Port*cul"lis, n. Etym: [OF. porte coulisse, coleïce, a sliding door,
fr. L. colare, colatum, to filter, to strain: cf. F. couler to glide.
See Port a gate, and cf. Cullis, Colander.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A grating of iron or of timbers pointed with iron, hung over
the gateway of a fortress, to be let down to prevent the entrance of
an enemy. "Let the portcullis fall." Sir W. Scott.
She . . . the huge portcullis high updrew. Milton.

2. An English coin of the reign of Elizabeth, struck for the use of
the East India Company; -- so called from its bearing the figure of a
portcullis on the reverse.

PORTCULLIS
Port*cul"lis, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Portcullised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Portcullising.]

Defn: To obstruct with, or as with, a portcullis; to shut; to bar.
[R.] Shak.

PORTE
Porte, n. Etym: [F. porte a gate, L. porta. See Port a gate.]

Defn: The Ottoman court; the government of the Turkish empire,
officially called the Sublime Porte, from the gate (port) of the
sultan's palace at which justice was administered.

PORTE-COCHERE
Porte"-co`chère", n. Etym: [F. See Port a gate, and Coach.] (Arch.)

Defn: A large doorway allowing vehicles to drive into or through a
building. It is common to have the entrance door open upon the
passage of the porte-cochère. Also, a porch over a driveway before an
entrance door.

PORTED
Port"ed, a.

Defn: Having gates. [Obs.]
We took the sevenfold-ported Thebes. Chapman.

PORTEGUE
Por"te*gue, n.

Defn: See Portague. [Obs.]

PORTEMONNAIE
Porte"mon*naie`, n. Etym: [F., fr. porter to carry + monnaie money.]

Defn: A small pocketbook or wallet for carrying money.

PORTEND
Por*tend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Portended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Portending.] Etym: [L. portendre, portentum, to foretell, to predict,
to impend, from an old preposition used in comp. + tendere to
stretch. See Position, Tend.]

1. To indicate (events, misfortunes, etc.) as in future; to foreshow;
to foretoken; to bode; -- now used esp. of unpropitious signs. Bacon.
Many signs portended a dark and stormy day. Macaulay.

2. To stretch out before. [R.] "Doomed to feel the great Idomeneus'
portended steel." Pope.

Syn.
 -- To foreshow; foretoken; betoken; forebode; augur; presage;
foreshadow; threaten.

PORTENSION
Por*ten"sion, n.

Defn: The act of foreshowing; foreboding. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

PORTENT
Por*tent", n. Etym: [L. portentum. See Portend.]

Defn: That which portends, or foretoken; esp., that which portends
evil; a sign of coming calamity; an omen; a sign. Shak.
My loss by dire portents the god foretold. Dryden.

PORTENTIVE
Por*tent"ive, a.

Defn: Presaging; foreshadowing.

PORTENTOUS
Por*tent"ous, a. Etym: [L. portentosus.]

1. Of the nature of a portent; containing portents; foreschadowing,
esp. foreschadowing ill; ominous.
For, I believe, they are portentous things. Shak.
Victories of strange and almost portentous splendor. Macaulay.

2. Hence: Monstrous; prodigious; wonderful; dreadful; as, a beast of
portentous size. Roscommon.
 -- Por*tent"ous*ly, adv.
 -- Por*tent"ous*ness, n.

PORTER
Por"ter, n. Etym: [F. portier, L. portarius, from porta a gate, door.
See Port a gate.]

Defn: A man who has charge of a door or gate; a doorkeeper; one who
waits at the door to receive messages. Shak.
To him the porter openeth. John x. 3.

PORTER
Por"ter, n. Etym: [F. porteur, fr. porter to carry, L. portare. See
Port to carry.]

1. A carrier; one who carries or conveys burdens, luggage, etc.; for
hire.

2. (Forging)

Defn: A bar of iron or steel at the end of which a forging is made;
esp., a long, large bar, to the end of which a heavy forging is
attached, and by means of which the forging is lifted and handled is
hammering and heating; -- called also porter bar.

3. A malt liquor, of a dark color and moderately bitter taste,
possessing tonic and intoxicating qualities.

Note: Porter is said to be so called as having been first used
chiefly by the London porters, and this application of the word is
supposed to be not older than 1750.

PORTERAGE
Por"ter*age, n.

1. The work of a porter; the occupation of a carrier or of a
doorkeeper.

2. Money charged or paid for the carriage of burdens or parcels by a
porter.

PORTERESS
Por"ter*ess, n.

Defn: See Portress.

PORTERHOUSE
Por"ter*house, n.

Defn: A house where porter is sold. Porterhouse steak, a steak cut
from a sirloin of beet, including the upper and under part.

PORTESSE
Por"tesse, n.

Defn: See Porteass. [Obs.] Tyndale.

PORTFIRE
Port"fire`, n.

Defn: A case of strong paper filled with a composition of niter,
sulphur, and mealed powder, -- used principally to ignite the priming
in proving guns, and as an incendiary material in shells.

PORTFOLIO
Port*fol"io, n. Etym: [F. portefeuille; porter to carry + feuille a
leaf. See Port to carry, and Folio.]

1. A portable case for holding loose papers, prints, drawings, etc.

2. Hence: The office and functions of a minister of state or member
of the cabinet; as, to receive the portfolio of war; to resign the
portfolio.

PORTGLAVE
Port"glave, n. Etym: [F. porte-glaive; porter to carry + glaive a
sword.]

Defn: A sword bearer. [Obs.]

PORTGREVE; PORTGRAVE
Port"greve`, Port"grave`,Etym: [AS. portgerefa; port a harbor +
gerefa a reeve or sheriff. See Reeve a steward, and cf. Portreeve.]

Defn: In old English law, the chief magistrate of a port or maritime
town.; a portreeve. [Obs.] Fabyan.

PORTHOLE
Port"hole`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: An embrasure in a ship's side. See 3d Port.

PORTHOOK
Port"hook`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: One of the iron hooks to which the port hinges are attached. J.
Knowles.

PORTHORS
Port"hors`, n.

Defn: See Portass. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PORTICO
Por"ti*co, n.; pl. Porticoes or Porticos. Etym: [It., L. porticus.
See Porch.] (Arch.)

Defn: A colonnade or covered ambulatory, especially in classical
styles of architecture; usually, a colonnade at the entrance of a
building.

PORTICOED
Por"ti*coed, a.

Defn: Furnished with a portico.

PORTIERE
Por`tière"", n. Etym: [F., fr. porte gate, door. See Port a gate.]

Defn: A curtain hanging across a doorway.

PORTIGUE
Por"ti*gue, n.

Defn: See Portague. Beau. & Fl.

PORTINGAL
Por"tin*gal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Portugal; Portuguese. [Obs.] -- n.

Defn: A Portuguese. [Obs.]

PORTION
Por"tion, n. Etym: [F., from L. portio, akin to pars, partis, a part.
See Part, n.]

1. That which is divided off or separated, as a part from a whole; a
separated part of anything.

2. A part considered by itself, though not actually cut off or
separated from the whole.
These are parts of his ways; but how little a portion is heard of
him! Job xxvi. 14.
Portions and parcels of the dreadful past. Tennyson.

3. A part assigned; allotment; share; fate.
The lord of that servant . . . will appoint him his portion with the
unbelievers. Luke xii. 46.
Man's portion is to die and rise again. Keble.

4. The part of an estate given to a child or heir, or descending to
him by law, and distributed to him in the settlement of the estate;
an inheritance.
Give me the portion of goods that falleth to me. Luke xv. 12.

5. A wife's fortune; a dowry. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Division; share; parcel; quantity; allotment; dividend.
 -- Portion, Part. Part is generic, having a simple reference to some
whole. Portion has the additional idea of such a division as bears
reference to an individual, or is allotted to some object; as, a
portion of one's time; a portion of Scripture.

PORTION
Por"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Portioned; p. pr. & vb. n. Portioning.]

1. To separate or divide into portions or shares; to parcel; to
distribute.
And portion to his tribes the wide domain. Pope.

2. To endow with a portion or inheritance.
Him portioned maids, apprenticed orphans, blest. Pope.

PORTIONER
Por"tion*er, n.

1. One who portions.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: See Portionist, 2.

PORTIONIST
Por"tion*ist, n.

1. A scholar at Merton College, Oxford, who has a certain academical
allowance or portion; -- corrupted into postmaster. Shipley.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: One of the incumbents of a benefice which has two or more
rectors or vicars.

PORTIONLESS
Por"tion*less, a.

Defn: Having no portion.

PORTISE
Por"tise, n.

Defn: See Portass. [Obs.]

PORTLAND CEMENT
Port"land ce*ment".

Defn: A cement having the color of the Portland stone of England,
made by calcining an artificial mixture of carbonate of lime and
clay, or sometimes certain natural limestones or chalky clays. It
contains a large proportion of clay, and hardens under water.

PORTLAND STONE
Port"land stone".

Defn: A yellowish-white calcareous freestone from the Isle of
Portland in England, much used in building.

PORTLAND VASE
Port"land vase`.

Defn: A celebrated cinerary urn or vase found in the tomb of the
Emperor Alexander Severus. It is owned by the Duke of Portland, and
kept in the British Museum.

PORTLAST
Port"last, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The portoise. See Portoise.

PORTLINESS
Port"li*ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being portly; dignity of mien or of
personal appearance; stateliness.
Such pride is praise; such portliness is honor. Spenser.

2. Bulkiness; corpulence.

PORTLY
Port"ly, a. Etym: [From Port demeanor.]

1. Having a dignified port or mien; of a noble appearance; imposing.

2. Bulky; corpulent. "A portly personage." Dickens.

PORTMAN
Port"man, n.; pl. Portmen (.

Defn: An inhabitant or burgess of a port, esp. of one of the Cinque
Ports.

PORTMANTEAU
Port*man"teau, n.; pl. Portmanteaus. Etym: [F. porte-manteau; porter
to carry + manteau a cloak, mantle. See Port to carry, and Mantle.]

Defn: A bag or case, usually of leather, for carrying wearing
apparel, etc., on journeys. Thackeray.

PORTMANTLE
Port*man"tle, n.

Defn: A portmanteau. [Obs.]

PORTMOTE
Port"mote`, n.

Defn: In old English law, a court, or mote, held in a port town.
[Obs.] Blackstone.

PORTOIR
Por"toir, n. Etym: [OF., fr. porter to bear.]

Defn: One who, or that which, bears; hence, one who, or that which,
produces. [Obs.]
Branches . . . which were portoirs, and bare grapes. Holland.

PORTOISE
Por"toise, n. Etym: [Perhaps fr. OF. porteis portative, portable.]
(Naut.)

Defn: The gunwale of a ship. To lower the yards a-portoise, to lower
them to the gunwale.
 -- To ride a portoise, to ride an anchor with the lower yards and
topmasts struck or lowered, as in a gale of wind.

PORTOS
Por"tos, n.

Defn: See Portass. [Obs.]

PORTPANE
Port"pane, n. Etym: [From L. portare to carry + panis bread; prob.
through French.]

Defn: A cloth for carrying bread, so as not to touch it with the
hands. [Obs.]

PORTRAIT
Por"trait, n. Etym: [F., originally p. p. of portraire to portray.
See Portray.]

1. The likeness of a person, painted, drawn, or engraved; commonly, a
representation of the human face painted from real life.
In portraits, the grace, and, we may add, the likeness, consists more
in the general air than in the exact similitude of every feature. Sir
J. Reynolds.

Note: The meaning of the word is sometimes extended so as to include
a photographic likeness.

2. Hence, any graphic or vivid delineation or description of a
person; as, a portrait in words. Portrait bust, or Portrait statue, a
bust or statue representing the actual features or person of an
individual; -- in distinction from an ideal bust or statue.

PORTRAIT
Por"trait, v. t.

Defn: To portray; to draw. [Obs.] Spenser.

PORTRAITIST
Por"trait*ist, n.

Defn: A portrait painter. [R.] Hamerton.

PORTRAITURE
Por"trai*ture, n. Etym: [F. portraiture.]

1. A portrait; a likeness; a painted resemblance; hence, that which
is copied from some example or model.
For, by the image of my cause, I see The portraiture of his. Shak.
Divinity maketh the love of ourselves the pattern; the love of our
neighbors but the portraiture. Bacon.

2. Pictures, collectively; painting. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. The art or practice of making portraits. Walpole.

PORTRAITURE
Por"trai*ture, v. t.

Defn: To represent by a portrait, or as by a portrait; to portray.
[R.] Shaftesbury.

PORTRAY
Por*tray", v. t. [Written also pourtray.] [imp. & p. p. portrayed (;
p. pr. & vb. n. Portraying.] Etym: [OE. pourtraien, OF. portraire,
pourtraire, F. portraire, fr. L. protrahere, protractum, to draw or
drag forth; pro forward, forth + trahere to draw. See Trace, v. t.,
and cf. Protract.]

1. To paint or draw the likeness of; as, to portray a king on
horseback.
Take a tile, and lay it before thee, and portray upon it the city,
even Jerusalem. Ezek. iv. 1.

2. Hence, figuratively, to describe in words.

3. To adorn with pictures. [R.]
Spear and helmets thronged, and shields Various with boastful
arguments potrayed. Milton.

PORTRAYAL
Por*tray"al, n.

Defn: The act or process of portraying; description; delineation.

PORTRAYER
Por*tray"er, n.

Defn: One who portrays. Chaucer.

PORTREEVE
Port"reeve`, n.

Defn: A port warden.

PORTRESS
Por"tress, n.

Defn: A female porter. Milton.

PORT-ROYALIST
Port-roy"al*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of the dwellers in the Cistercian convent of Port Royal des
Champs, near Paris, when it was the home of the Jansenists in the
17th century, among them being Arnauld, Pascal, and other famous
scholars. Cf. Jansenist.

PORTSALE
Port"sale`, n. Etym: [Port gate + sale.]

Defn: Public or open sale; auction. [Obs.] Holland.

PORTUARY
Por"tu*a*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. Portass.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A breviary. [Eng.]

PORTUGUESE
Por"tu*guese, a. Etym: [Cf. F. portugais, Sp. portugues, Pg.
portuguez.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Portugal, or its inhabitants.
 -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Portugal; people of Portugal.
Portuguese man-of-war. (Zoöl.) See Physalia.

PORTULACA
Por`tu*la"ca, n. Etym: [L., purslane.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of polypetalous plants; also, any plant of the genus.

Note: Portulaca oleracea is the common purslane. P. grandiflora is a
South American herb, widely cultivated for its showy crimson,
scarlet, yellow, or white, ephemeral blossoms.

PORTULACACEOUS
Por`tu*la*ca"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Portulacaceæ),
of which Portulaca is the type, and which includes also the spring
beauty (Claytonia) and other genera.

PORWIGLE
Por"wi`gle, n.

Defn: See Polliwig.

PORY
Por"y, a.

Defn: Porous; as, pory stone. [R.] Dryden.

POSE
Po`sé", a. Etym: [F., placed, posed.] (Her.)

Defn: Standing still, with all the feet on the ground; -- said of the
attitude of a lion, horse, or other beast.

POSE
Pose, n. Etym: [AS. gepose; of uncertain origin; cf. W. pas a cough,
Skr. kas to cough, and E. wheeze.]

Defn: A cold in the head; catarrh. [Obs.] Chaucer.

POSE
Pose, n. Etym: [F. pose, fr. poser. See Pose, v. t.]

Defn: The attitude or position of a person; the position of the body
or of any member of the body; especially, a position formally assumed
for the sake of effect; an artificial position; as, the pose of an
actor; the pose of an artist's model or of a statue.

POSE
Pose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posed; p. pr. & vb. n. Posing.] Etym: [F.
poser to place, to put, L. pausare to pause, in LL. also, to place,
put, fr. L. pausa a pause, Gr. few. In compounds, this word appears
corresponding to L. ponere to put, place, the substitution in French
having been probably due to confusion of this word with L. positio
position, fr. ponere. See Few, and cf. Appose, Dispose, Oppose,
Pause, Repose, Position.]

Defn: To place in an attitude or fixed position, for the sake of
effect; to arrange the posture and drapery of (a person) in a studied
manner; as, to pose a model for a picture; to pose a sitter for a
portrait.

POSE
Pose, v. i.

Defn: To assume and maintain a studied attitude, with studied
arrangement of drapery; to strike an attitude; to attitudinize;
figuratively, to assume or affect a certain character; as, she poses
as a prude.
He . . . posed before her as a hero. Thackeray.

POSE
Pose, v. t. Etym: [Shortened from appose, for oppose. See 2d Appose,
Oppose.]

1. To interrogate; to question. [Obs.] "She . . . posed him and
sifted him." Bacon.

2. To question with a view to puzzling; to embarrass by questioning
or scrutiny; to bring to a stand.
A question wherewith a learned Pharisee thought to pose and puzzle
him. Barrow.

POSED
Posed, a.

Defn: Firm; determined; fixed. "A most posed . . . and grave
behavior." [Obs.] Urquhart.

POSER
Pos"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, puzzles; a difficult or inexplicable
question or fact. Bacon.

POSEUR; POSEUSE
Po`seur", n. masc.; pl. Poseurs, Po`seuse", n. fem.; pl. Poseuses,
[F.]

Defn: A person who poses or attitudizes, esp. mentally.

POSIED
Po"sied, a.

Defn: Inscribed with a posy.
In poised lockets bribe the fair. Gay.

POSINGLY
Pos"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to pose or puzzle.

POSIT
Pos"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posited; p. pr. & vb. n. Positing.] Etym:
[L. ponere, positum, to place. See Position.]

1. To dispose or set firmly or fixedly; to place or dispose in
relation to other objects. Sir M. Hale.

2. (Logic)

Defn: To assume as real or conceded; as, to posit a principle. Sir W.
Hamilton.

POSITION
Po*si"tion, n. Etym: [F. position, L. positio, fr. ponere, positum,
to put, place; prob. for posino, fr. an old preposition used only in
comp. (akin to Gr. sinere to leave, let, permit, place. See Site, and
cf. Composite, Compound, v., Depone, Deposit, Expound, Impostor,
Opposite, Propound, Pose, v., Posit, Post, n.]

1. The state of being posited, or placed; the manner in which
anything is placed; attitude; condition; as, a firm, an inclined, or
an upright position.
We have different prospects of the same thing, according to our
different positions to it. Locke.

2. The spot where a person or thing is placed or takes a place; site;
place; station; situation; as, the position of man in creation; the
fleet changed its position.

3. Hence: The ground which any one takes in an argument or
controversy; the point of view from which any one proceeds to a
discussion; also, a principle laid down as the basis of reasoning; a
proposition; a thesis; as, to define one's position; to appear in a
false position.
Let not the proof of any position depend on the positions that
follow, but always on those which go before. I. Watts.

4. Relative place or standing; social or official rank; as, a person
of position; hence, office; post; as, to lose one's position.

5. (Arith.)

Defn: A method of solving a problem by one or two suppositions; --
called also the rule of trial and error. Angle of position (Astron.),
the angle which any line (as that joining two stars) makes with
another fixed line, specifically with a circle of declination.
 -- Double position (Arith.), the method of solving problems by
proceeding with each of two assumed numbers, according to the
conditions of the problem, and by comparing the difference of the
results with those of the numbers, deducing the correction to be
applied to one of them to obtain the true result.
 -- Guns of position (Mil.), heavy fieldpieces, not designed for
quick movements.
 -- Position finder (Mil.), a range finder. See under Range.
 -- Position micrometer, a micrometer applied to the tube of an
astronomical telescope for measuring angles of position in the field
of view.
 -- Single position (Arith.), the method of solving problems, in
which the result obtained by operating with an assumed number is to
the true result as the number assumed is to the number required.
 -- Strategic position (Mil.), a position taken up by an army or a
large detachment of troops for the purpose of checking or observing
an opposing force.

Syn.
 -- Situation; station; place; condition; attitude; posture;
proposition; assertion; thesis.

POSITION
Po*si"tion, v. t.

Defn: To indicate the position of; to place. [R.] Encyc. Brit.

POSITIONAL
Po*si"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to position.
Ascribing unto plants positional operations. Sir T. Browne.

POSITIVE
Pos"i*tive, a. Etym: [OE. positif, F. positif, L. positivus. See
Position.]

1. Having a real position, existence, or energy; existing in fact;
real; actual; -- opposed to negative. "Positive good." Bacon.

2. Derived from an object by itself; not dependent on changing
circumstances or relations; absolute; -- opposed to relative; as, the
idea of beauty is not positive, but depends on the different tastes
individuals.

3. Definitely laid down; explicitly stated; clearly expressed; --
opposed to implied; as, a positive declaration or promise.
Positive words, that he would not bear arms against King Edward's
son. Bacon.

4. Hence: Not admitting of any doubt, condition, qualification, or
discretion; not dependent on circumstances or probabilities; not
speculative; compelling assent or obedience; peremptory;
indisputable; decisive; as, positive instructions; positive truth;
positive proof. "'T is positive 'gainst all exceptions." Shak.

5. Prescribed by express enactment or institution; settled by
arbitrary appointment; said of laws.
In laws, that which is natural bindeth universally; that which is
positive, not so. Hooker.

6. Fully assured; confident; certain; sometimes, overconfident;
dogmatic; overbearing; -- said of persons.
Some positive, persisting fops we know, That, if once wrong, will
needs be always. Pope.

7. Having the power of direct action or influence; as, a positive
voice in legislation. Swift.

8. (Photog.)

Defn: Corresponding with the original in respect to the position of
lights and shades, instead of having the lights and shades reversed;
as, a positive picture.

9. (Chem.)
(a) Electro-positive.
(b) Hence, basic; metallic; not acid; -- opposed to negative, and
said of metals, bases, and basic radicals. Positive crystals (Opt.),
a doubly refracting crystal in which the index of refraction for the
extraordinary ray is greater than for the ordinary ray, and the
former is refracted nearer to the axis than the latter, as quartz and
ice; -- opposed to negative crystal, or one in which this
characteristic is reversed, as Iceland spar, tourmaline, etc.
 -- Positive degree (Gram.), that state of an adjective or adverb
which denotes simple quality, without comparison or relation to
increase or diminution; as, wise, noble.
 -- Positive electricity (Elec), the kind of electricity which is
developed when glass is rubbed with silk, or which appears at that
pole of a voltaic battery attached to the plate that is not attacked
by the exciting liquid; -- formerly called vitreous electricity; --
opposed to Ant: negative electricity.
 -- Positive eyepiece. See under Eyepiece.
 -- Positive law. See Municipal law, under Law.
 -- Positive motion (Mach.), motion which is derived from a driver
through unyielding intermediate pieces, or by direct contact, and not
through elastic connections, nor by means of friction, gravity, etc.;
definite motion.
 -- Positive philosophy. See Positivism.
 -- Positive pole. (a) (Elec.) The pole of a battery or pile which
yields positive or vitreous electricity; -- opposed to Ant: negative
pole. (b) (Magnetism) The north pole. [R.] -- Positive quantity
(Alg.), an affirmative quantity, or one affected by the sign plus
[+].
 -- Positive rotation (Mech.), left-handed rotation.
 -- Positive sign (Math.), the sign [+] denoting plus, or more, or
addition.

POSITIVE
Pos"i*tive, n.

1. That which is capable of being affirmed; reality. South.

2. That which settles by absolute appointment.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: The positive degree or form.

4. (Photog.)

Defn: A picture in which the lights and shades correspond in position
with those of the original, instead of being reversed, as in a
negative. R. Hunt.

5. (Elec.)

Defn: The positive plate of a voltaic or electrolytic cell.

POSITIVELY
Pos"i*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a positive manner; absolutely; really; expressly; with
certainty; indubitably; peremptorily; dogmatically; -- opposed to
negatively.
Good and evil which is removed may be esteemed good or evil
comparatively, and positively simply. Bacon.
Give me some breath, some little pause, my lord, Before I positively
speak herein. Shak.
I would ask . . . whether . . . the divine law does not positively
require humility and meekness. Sprat.
Positively charged or electrified (Elec.), having a charge of
positive electricity; -- opposed to Ant: negatively electrified.

POSITIVENESS
Pos"i*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being positive; reality; actualness;
certainty; confidence; peremptoriness; dogmatism. See Positive, a.
Positiveness, pedantry, and ill manners. Swift.
The positiveness of sins of commission lies both in the habitude of
the will and in the executed act too; the positiveness of sins of
omission is in the habitude of the will only. Norris.

POSITIVISM
Pos"i*tiv*ism, n.

Defn: A system of philosophy originated by M. Auguste Comte, which
deals only with positives. It excludes from philosophy everything but
the natural phenomena or properties of knowable things, together with
their invariable relations of coexistence and succession, as
occurring in time and space. Such relations are denominated laws,
which are to be discovered by observation, experiment, and
comparison. This philosophy holds all inquiry into causes, both
efficient and final, to be useless and unprofitable.

POSITIVIST
Pos"i*tiv*ist, n.

Defn: A believer in positivism.
 -- a.

Defn: Relating to positivism.

POSITIVITY
Pos`i*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: Positiveness. J. Morley.

POSITURE
Pos"i*ture, n.

Defn: See Posture. [Obs.]

POSNET
Pos"net, n. Etym: [OF. poçonet, dim. of poçon a pot, a vessel.]

Defn: A little basin; a porringer; a skillet.

POSOLOGIC; POSOLOGICAL
Pos`o*log"ic, Pos`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. posologique.]

Defn: Pertaining to posology.

POSOLOGY
Po*sol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. posologie.] (Med.)

Defn: The science or doctrine of doses; dosology.

POSPOLITE
Pos"po*lite, n. Etym: [Pol. pospolite ruszenie a general summons to
arms, an arriere-ban; pospolity general + ruszenie a stirring.]

Defn: A kind of militia in Poland, consisting of the gentry, which,
in case of invasion, was summoned to the defense of the country.

POSS
Poss, v. t. Etym: [See Push.]

Defn: To push; to dash; to throw. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
A cat . . . possed them [the rats] about. Piers Plowman.

POSSE
Pos"se, n.

Defn: See Posse comitatus. In posse. See In posse in the Vocabulary.

POSSE COMITATUS
Pos"se com`i*ta"tus. Etym: [L. posse to be able, to have power + LL.
comitatus a county, from comes, comitis, a count. See County, and
Power.]

1. (Law)

Defn: The power of the county, or the citizens who may be summoned by
the sheriff to assist the authorities in suppressing a riot, or
executing any legal precept which is forcibly opposed. Blackstone.

2. A collection of people; a throng; a rabble. [Colloq.]

Note: The word comitatus is often omitted, and posse alone used. "A
whole posse of enthusiasts." Carlyle.
As if the passion that rules were the sheriff of the place, and came
off with all the posse. Locke.

POSSESS
Pos*sess", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Possessed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Possessing.] Etym: [L. possessus, p. p. of possidere to have,
possess, from an inseparable prep. (cf. Position) + sedere to sit.
See Sit.]

1. To occupy in person; to hold or actually have in one's own
keeping; to have and to hold.
Houses and fields and vineyards shall be possessed again in this
land. Jer. xxxii. 15.
Yet beauty, though injurious, hath strange power, After offense
returning, to regain Love once possessed. Milton.

2. To have the legal title to; to have a just right to; to be master
of; to own; to have; as, to possess property, an estate, a book.
I am yours, and all that I possess. Shak.

3. To obtain occupation or possession of; to accomplish; to gain; to
seize.
How . . . to possess the purpose they desired. Spenser.

4. To enter into and influence; to control the will of; to fill; to
affect; -- said especially of evil spirits, passions, etc. "Weakness
possesseth me." Shak.
Those which were possessed with devils. Matt. iv. 24.
For ten inspired, ten thousand are possessed. Roscommon.

5. To put in possession; to make the owner or holder of property,
power, knowledge, etc.; to acquaint; to inform; -- followed by of or
with before the thing possessed, and now commonly used reflexively.
I have possessed your grace of what I purpose. Shak.
Record a gift . . . of all he dies possessed Unto his son. Shak.
We possessed our selves of the kingdom of Naples. Addison.
To possess our minds with an habitual good intention. Addison.

Syn.
 -- To have; hold; occupy; control; own.
 -- Possess, Have. Have is the more general word. To possess denotes
to have as a property. It usually implies more permanence or
definiteness of control or ownership than is involved in having. A
man does not possess his wife and children: they are (so to speak)
part of himself. For the same reason, we have the faculties of
reason, understanding, will, sound judgment, etc.: they are exercises
of the mind, not possessions.

POSSESSION
Pos*ses"sion, n. Etym: [F. possession, L. possessio.]

1. The act or state of possessing, or holding as one's own.

2. (Law)

Defn: The having, holding, or detention of property in one's power or
command; actual seizin or occupancy; ownership, whether rightful or
wrongful.

Note: Possession may be either actual or constructive; actual, when a
party has the immediate occupancy; constructive, when he has only the
right to such occupancy.

3. The thing possessed; that which any one occupies, owns, or
controls; in the plural, property in the aggregate; wealth; dominion;
as, foreign possessions.
When the young man heard that saying, he went away sorrowful, for he
had great possessions. Matt. xix. 22.
Ananias, with Sapphira his wife, sold a possession. Acts v. 1.
The house of Jacob shall possess their possessions. Ob. 17.

4. The state of being possessed or controlled, as by an evil spirit,
or violent passions; madness; frenzy; as, demoniacal possession.
How long hath this possession held the man Shak.
To give possession, to put in another's power or occupancy.
 -- To put in possession. (a) To invest with ownership or occupancy;
to provide or furnish with; as, to put one in possession of facts or
information. (b) (Law) To place one in charge of property recovered
in ejectment or writ of entry.
 -- To take possession, to enter upon, or to bring within one's power
or occupancy.
 -- Writ of possession (Law), a precept directing a sheriff to put a
person in peaceable possession of property recovered in ejectment or
writ of entry.

POSSESSION
Pos*ses"sion, v. t.

Defn: To invest with property. [Obs.]

POSSESSIONARY
Pos*ses"sion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to possession; arising from possession.

POSSESSIONER
Pos*ses"sion*er, n.

1. A possessor; a property holder. [Obs.] "Possessioners of riches."
E. Hall.
Having been of old freemen and possessioners. Sir P. Sidney.

2. An invidious name for a member of any religious community endowed
with property in lands, buildings, etc., as contrasted with mendicant
friars. [Obs.] Wyclif.

POSSESSIVAL
Pos`ses*si"val, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the possessive case; as, a possessival
termination. Earle.

POSSESSIVE
Pos*sess"ive, a. Etym: [L. possessivus: cf. F. possessif.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to possession; having or indicating
possession. Possessive case (Eng. Gram.), the genitive case; the case
of nouns and pronouns which expresses ownership, origin, or some
possessive relation of one thing to another; as, Homer's admirers;
the pear's flavor; the dog's faithfulness.
 -- Possessive pronoun, a pronoun denoting ownership; as, his name;
her home; my book.

POSSESSIVE
Pos*sess"ive, n.

1. (Gram.)

Defn: The possessive case.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A possessive pronoun, or a word in the possessive case.

POSSESSIVELY
Pos*sess"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a possessive manner.

POSSESSOR
Pos*sess"or, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. possesseur.]

Defn: One who possesses; one who occupies, holds, owns, or controls;
one who has actual participation or enjoyment, generally of that
which is desirable; a proprietor. "Possessors of eternal glory." Law.
As if he had been possessor of the whole world. Sharp.

Syn.
 -- Owner; proprietor; master; holder; occupant.

POSSESSORY
Pos*sess"o*ry, a. Etym: [L. possessorius: cf. F. possessoire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to possession, either as a fact or a right; of
the nature of possession; as, a possessory interest; a possessory
lord. Possessory action or suit (Law), an action to regain or obtain
possession of something. See under Petitory.

POSSET
Pos"set, n. Etym: [W. posel curdled milk, posset.]

Defn: A beverage composed of hot milk curdled by some strong
infusion, as by wine, etc., -- much in favor formerly. "I have
drugged their posset." Shak.

POSSET
Pos"set, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posseted; p. pr. & vb. n. Posseting.]

1. To curdle; to turn, as milk; to coagulate; as, to posset the
blood. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To treat with possets; to pamper. [R.] "She was cosseted and
posseted." O. W. Holmes.

POSSIBILITY
Pos`si*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Possibilities. Etym: [F. possibilité, L.
possibilitas.]

1. The quality or state of being possible; the power of happening,
being, or existing. "All possibility of error." Hooker. "Latent
possibilities of excellence." Johnson.

2. That which is possible; a contingency; a thing or event that may
not happen; a contingent interest, as in real or personal estate.
South. Burrill.

POSSIBLE
Pos"si*ble, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. possibilis, fr. posse to be able, to
have power; potis able, capable + esse to be. See Potent, Am, and cf.
Host a landlord.]

Defn: Capable of existing or occurring, or of being conceived or
thought of; able to happen; capable of being done; not contrary to
the nature of things; -- sometimes used to express extreme
improbability; barely able to be, or to come to pass; as, possibly he
is honest, as it is possible that Judas meant no wrong.
With God all things are possible. Matt. xix. 26.

Syn.
 -- Practicable; likely. See Practicable.

POSSIBLY
Pos"si*bly, adv.

Defn: In a possible manner; by possible means; especially, by
extreme, remote, or improbable intervention, change, or exercise of
power; by a chance; perhaps; as, possibly he may recover.
Can we . . . possibly his love desert Milton.
When possibly I can, I will return. Shak.

POSSUM
Pos"sum, n. Etym: [Shortened from opossum.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An opossum. [Colloq. U. S.] To play possum, To act possum, to
feign ignorance, indifference or inattention, with the intent to
deceive; to dissemble; -- in allusion to the habit of the opossum,
which feigns death when attacked or alarmed.

POST-
Post-. Etym: [L. post behind, after; cf. Skr. paçcabehind,
afterwards.]

Defn: A prefix signifying behind, back, after; as, postcommissure,
postdot, postscript.

POST
Post, a. Etym: [F. aposter to place in a post or position, generally
for a bad purpose.]

Defn: Hired to do what is wrong; suborned. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys.

POST
Post, n. Etym: [AS., fr. L. postis, akin to ponere, positum, to
place. See Position, and cf. 4th Post.]

1. A piece of timber, metal, or other solid substance, fixed, or to
be fixed, firmly in an upright position, especially when intended as
a stay or support to something else; a pillar; as, a hitching post; a
fence post; the posts of a house.
They shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts and
on the upper doorpost of the houses. Ex. xii. 7.
Then by main force pulled up, and on his shoulders bore, The gates of
Azza, post and massy bar. Milton.
Unto his order he was a noble post. Chaucer.

Note: Post, in the sense of an upright timber or strut, is used in
composition, in such words as king-post, queen-post, crown-post,
gatepost, etc.

2. The doorpost of a victualer's shop or inn, on which were chalked
the scores of customers; hence, a score; a debt. [Obs.]
When God sends coin I will discharge your post. S. Rowlands.
From pillar to post. See under Pillar.
 -- Knight of the post. See under Knight.
 -- Post hanger (Mach.), a bearing for a revolving shaft, adapted to
be fastened to a post.
 -- Post hole, a hole in the ground to set the foot of a post in.
 -- Post mill, a form of windmill so constructed that the whole
fabric rests on a vertical axis firmly fastened to the ground, and
capable of being turned as the direction of the wind varies.
 -- Post and stall (Coal Mining), a mode of working in which pillars
of coal are left to support the roof of the mine.

POST
Post, n. Etym: [F. poste, LL. posta station, post (where horses were
kept), properly, a fixed or set place, fem. fr. L. positus placed, p.
p. of ponere. See Position, and cf. Post a pillar.]

1. The place at which anything is stopped, placed, or fixed; a
station. Specifically:
(a) A station, or one of a series of stations, established for the
refreshment and accommodation of travelers on some recognized route;
as, a stage or railway post.
(b) A military station; the place at which a soldier or a body of
troops is stationed; also, the troops at such a station.
(c) The piece of ground to which a sentinel's walk is limited.

2. A messenger who goes from station; an express; especially, one who
is employed by the government to carry letters and parcels regularly
from one place to another; a letter carrier; a postman.
In certain places there be always fresh posts, to carry that further
which is brought unto them by the other. Abp. Abbot.
I fear my Julia would not deign my lines, Receiving them from such a
worthless post. Shak.

3. An established conveyance for letters from one place or station to
another; especially, the governmental system in any country for
carrying and distributing letters and parcels; the post office; the
mail; hence, the carriage by which the mail is transported.
I send you the fair copy of the poem on dullness, which I should not
care to hazard by the common post. Pope.

4. Haste or speed, like that of a messenger or mail carrier. [Obs.]
"In post he came." Shak.

5. One who has charge of a station, especially of a postal station.
[Obs.]
He held office of postmaster, or, as it was then called, post, for
several years. Palfrey.

6. A station, office, or position of service, trust, or emolument;
as, the post of duty; the post of danger.
The post of honor is a private station. Addison.

7. A size of printing and writing paper. See the Table under Paper.
Post and pair, an old game at cards, in which each player a hand of
three cards. B. Jonson.
 -- Post bag, a mail bag.
 -- Post bill, a bill of letters mailed by a postmaster.
 -- Post chaise, or Post coach, a carriage usually with four wheels,
for the conveyance of travelers who travel post. Post day, a day on
which the mall arrives or departs.
 -- Post hackney, a hired post horse. Sir H. Wotton.
 -- Post horn, a horn, or trumpet, carried and blown by a carrier of
the public mail, or by a coachman.
 -- Post horse, a horse stationed, intended, or used for the post.
 -- Post hour, hour for posting letters. Dickens.
 -- Post office. (a) An office under governmental superintendence,
where letters, papers, and other mailable matter, are received and
distributed; a place appointed for attending to all business
connected with the mail. (b) The governmental system for forwarding
mail matter.
 -- Postoffice order. See Money order, under Money.
 -- Post road, or Post route, a road or way over which the mail is
carried.
 -- Post town. (a) A town in which post horses are kept. (b) A town
in which a post office is established by law.
 -- To ride post, to ride, as a carrier of dispatches, from place to
place; hence, to ride rapidly, with as little delay as possible.
 -- To travel post, to travel, as a post does, by relays of horses,
or by keeping one carriage to which fresh horses are attached at each
stopping place.

POST
Post, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posted; p. pr. & vb. n. Posting.]

1. To attach to a post, a wall, or other usual place of affixing
public notices; to placard; as, to post a notice; to post playbills.

Note: Formerly, a large post was erected before the sheriff's office,
or in some public place, upon which legal notices were displayed.
This way of advertisement has not entirely gone of use.

2. To hold up to public blame or reproach; to advertise
opprobriously; to denounce by public proclamation; as, to post one
for cowardice.
On pain of being posted to your sorrow Fail not, at four, to meet me.
Granville.

3. To enter (a name) on a list, as for service, promotion, or the
like.

4. To assign to a station; to set; to place; as, to post a sentinel.
"It might be to obtain a ship for a lieutenant, . . . or to get him
posted." De Quincey.

5. (Bookkeeping)

Defn: To carry, as an account, from the journal to the ledger; as, to
post an account; to transfer, as accounts, to the ledger.
You have not posted your books these ten years. Arbuthnot.

6. To place in the care of the post; to mail; as, to post a letter.

7. To inform; to give the news to; to make (one) acquainted with the
details of a subject; -- often with up.
Thoroughly posted up in the politics and literature of the day. Lond.
Sat. Rev.
To post off, to put off; to delay. [Obs.] "Why did I, venturously,
post off so great a business" Baxter.
 -- To post over, to hurry over. [Obs.] Fuller.

POST
Post, v. i. Etym: [Cf. OF. poster. See 4th Post.]

1. To travel with post horses; figuratively, to travel in haste.
"Post seedily to my lord your husband." Shak.
And post o'er land and ocean without rest. Milton.

2. (Man.)

Defn: To rise and sink in the saddle, in accordance with the motion
of the horse, esp. in trotting. [Eng.]

POST
Post, adv.

Defn: With post horses; hence, in haste; as, to travel post.

POST-ABDOMEN
Post`-ab*do"men, n. Etym: [Pref. post- + abdomen.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: That part of a crustacean behind the cephalothorax; -- more
commonly called abdomen.

POSTABLE
Post"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being carried by, or as by, post. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

POSTACT
Post"act`, n.

Defn: An act done afterward.

POSTAGE
Post"age, n.

Defn: The price established by law to be paid for the conveyance of a
letter or other mailable matter by a public post. Postage stamp, a
government stamp required to be put upon articles sent by mail in
payment of the postage, esp. an adhesive stamp issued and sold for
that purpose.

POSTAL
Post"al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. postal.]

Defn: Belonging to the post office or mail service; as, postal
arrangements; postal authorities. Postal card, or Post card, a card
sold by the government for transmission through the mails, at a lower
rate of postage than a sealed letter. The message is written on one
side of the card, and the direction on the other.
 -- Postal money order. See Money order, under Money.
 -- Postal note, an order payable to bearer, for a sum of money (in
the United States less than five dollars under existing law), issued
from one post office and payable at another specified office.
 -- Postal Union, a union for postal purposes entered into by the
most important powers, or governments, which have agreed to transport
mail matter through their several territories at a stipulated rate.

POSTANAL
Post*a"nal, a. Etym: [Pref. post- + anal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated behind, or posterior to, the anus.

POSTAXIAL
Post*ax"i*al, a. Etym: [Pref. post- + axial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated behind any transverse axis in the body of an animal;
caudal; posterior; especially, behind, or on the caudal or posterior
(that is, ulnar or fibular) side of, the axis of a vertebrate limb.

POSTBOY
Post"boy`, n.

1. One who rides post horses; a position; a courier.

2. A boy who carries letters from the post.

POST-CAPTAIN
Post"-cap`tain, n.

Defn: A captain of a war vessel whose name appeared, or was "posted,"
in the seniority list of the British navy, as distinguished from a
commander whose name was not so posted. The term was also used in the
United States navy; but no such commission as post-captain was ever
recognized in either service, and the term has fallen into disuse.

POSTCAVA
Post"ca`va, n.; pl. Postcavæ . Etym: [NL. See Post-, and Cave, n.]
(Anat.)

Defn: The inferior vena cava.
 -- Post"ca`val, a. B. G. Wilder.

POSTCLAVICLE
Post*clav"i*cle, n. Etym: [Pref. post- + clavicle.] (Anat.)

Defn: A bone in the pectoral girdle of many fishes projecting
backward from the clavicle.
 -- Post`*cla*vic"u*lar, a.

POSTCOMMISSURE
Post*com"mis*sure, n. Etym: [Pref. post- + commisure.] (Anat.)

Defn: A transverse commisure in the posterior part of the roof of the
third ventricle of the brain; the posterior cerebral commisure. B. G.
Wilder.

POSTCOMMUNION
Post`com*mun"ion, n. Etym: [Pref. post- + communion.]

1. (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.)

Defn: The concluding portion of the communion service.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A prayer or prayers which the priest says at Mass, after the
ablutions.

POSTCORNU
Post*cor"nu, n.; pl. Postcornua. Etym: [NL. See Post-, and Cornu.]
(Anat.)

Defn: The posterior horn of each lateral ventricle of the brain. B.
G. Wilder.

POSTDATE
Post"date`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postdated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Postdating.] Etym: [Pref. post- + date.]

1. To date after the real time; as, to postdate a contract, that is,
to date it later than the time when it was in fact made.

2. To affix a date to after the event.

POSTDATE
Post"date`, a.

Defn: Made or done after the date assigned.
Of these [predictions] some were postdate; cunningly made after the
thing came to pass. Fuller.

POSTDATE
Post"date`, n.

Defn: A date put to a bill of exchange or other paper, later than
that when it was actually made.

POSTDILUVIAL; POSTDILUVIAN
Post`di*lu"vi*al, Post`di*lu"vi*an, a. Etym: [Pref. post- + diluvial,
diluvian.]

Defn: Being or happening after the flood in Noah's days.

POSTDILUVIAN
Post`di*lu"vi*an, n.

Defn: One who lived after the flood.

POST-DISSEIZIN
Post"-dis*sei"zin, n. Etym: [Pref. post- + disseizin.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A subsequent disseizin committed by one of lands which the
disseizee had before recovered of the same disseizor; a writ founded
on such subsequent disseizin, now abolished. Burrill. Tomlins.

POST-DISSEIZOR
Post`-dis*sei"zor, n. Etym: [Pref. post- + disseizor.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A person who disseizes another of lands which the disseizee had
before recovered of the same disseizor. Blackstone.

POSTEA
Post"e*a, n. Etym: [L., after these or those (things), afterward.]
(Law)

Defn: The return of the judge before whom a cause was tried, after a
verdict, of what was done in the cause, which is indorsed on the nisi
prius record. Wharton.

POSTEL
Pos"tel, n.

Defn: Apostle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

POSTENCEPHALON
Post`en*ceph"a*lon, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The metencephalon.

POSTENTRY
Post"en*try, n. Etym: [Pref. post- + entry.]

1. A second or subsequent, at the customhouse, of goods which had
been omitted by mistake.

2. (Bookkeeping)

Defn: An additional or subsequent entry.

POSTER
Post"er, n.

1. A large bill or placard intended to be posted in public places.

2. One who posts bills; a billposter.

POSTER
Post"er, n.

1. One who posts, or travels expeditiously; a courier. "Posters of
the sea and land." Shak.

2. A post horse. "Posters at full gallop." C. Lever.

POSTERIOR
Pos*te"ri*or, a. Etym: [L. posterior, compar. of posterus coming
after, from post after. See Post-.]

1. Later in time; hence, later in the order of proceeding or moving;
coming after; -- opposed to prior.
Hesiod was posterior to Homer. Broome.

2. Situated behind; hinder; -- opposed to anterior.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: At or toward the caudal extremity; caudal; -- in human anatomy
often used for dorsal.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: On the side next the axis of inflorescence; -- said of an
axillary flower. Gray.

POSTERIORITY
Pos*te`ri*or"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. postériorité.]

Defn: The state of being later or subsequent; as, posteriority of
time, or of an event; -- opposed to priority.

POSTERIORLY
Pos*te"ri*or*ly, adv.

Defn: Subsequently in time; also, behind in position.

POSTERIORS
Pos*te"ri*ors, n. pl.

Defn: The hinder parts, as of an animal's body. Swift.

POSTERITY
Pos*ter"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. posteritas: cf. F. postérité. See
Posterior.]

1. The race that proceeds from a progenitor; offspring to the
furthest generation; the aggregate number of persons who are
descended from an ancestor of a generation; descendants; --
contrasted with ancestry; as, the posterity of Abraham.
If [the crown] should not stand in thy posterity. Shak.

2. Succeeding generations; future times. Shak.
Their names shall be transmitted to posterity. Shak.
Their names shall be transmitted to posterity. Smalridge.

POSTERN
Pos"tern, n. Etym: [OF. posterne, posterle, F. poterne, fr. L.
posterula, fr. posterus coming after. See Posterior.]

1. Originally, a back door or gate; a private entrance; hence, any
small door or gate.
He by a privy postern took his flight. Spenser.
Out at the postern, by the abbey wall. Shak.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: A subterraneous passage communicating between the parade and
the main ditch, or between the ditches and the interior of the
outworks. Mahan.

POSTERN
Pos"tern, a.

Defn: Back; being behind; private. "The postern door." Dryden.

POSTERO
Pos"te*ro

Defn: - (posterior, back; as, postero-inferior, situated back and
below; postero-lateral, situated back and at the side.

POSTEXILIAN; POSTEXILIC
Post`ex*il"i*an, Post`ex*il"ic, a.

Defn: After the exile; specif. (Jewish Hist.),

Defn: belonging to a period subsequent to the Babylonian captivity or
exile (b. c. 597 or about 586-about 537).

POSTEXIST
Post`ex*ist", v. i. Etym: [Pref. post- + exist.]

Defn: To exist after; to live subsequently. [Obs. or R.]

POSTEXISTENCE
Post`ex*ist"ence, n.

Defn: Subsequent existence.

POSTEXISTENT
Post`ex*ist"ent, a.

Defn: Existing or living after. [R.] "Postexistent atoms." Cudworth.

POSTFACT
Post"fact`, a. Etym: [See Post-, and Fact.]

Defn: Relating to a fact that occurs after another.

POSTFACT
Post"fact`, n.

Defn: A fact that occurs after another. "Confirmed upon the
postfact." Fuller.

POSTFACTUM
Post`fac"tum, n. Etym: [LL.] (Rom. & Eng. Law)

Defn: Same as Postfact.

POST-FINE
Post"-fine`, n. Etym: [Pref. post- + fine.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A duty paid to the king by the cognizee in a fine of lands,
when the same was fully passed; -- called also the king's silver.

POSTFIX
Post"fix, n.; pl. Postfixes. Etym: [Pref. post- + -fix, as in prefix:
cf. F. postfixe.] (Gram.)

Defn: A letter, syllable, or word, added to the end of another word;
a suffix. Parkhurst.

POSTFIX
Post*fix", v. t.

Defn: To annex; specifically (Gram.), to add or annex, as a letter,
syllable, or word, to the end of another or principal word; to
suffix. Parkhurst.

POSTFRONTAL
Post*fron"tal, a. Etym: [Pref. post- + frontal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated behind the frontal bone or the frontal region of the
skull; -- applied especially to a bone back of and below the frontal
in many animals.
 -- n.

Defn: A postfrontal bone.

POSTFURCA
Post*fur"ca, n.; pl. Postfurcæ. Etym: [NL., fr. post behind + furca a
fork.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the internal thoracic processes of the sternum of an
insect.

POSTGENITURE
Post*gen"i*ture, n. Etym: [Pref. post- + L. genitura birth,
geniture.]

Defn: The condition of being born after another in the same family; -
- distinguished from primogeniture. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

POSTGLACIAL
Post*gla"cial, a. (Geol.)
 (a) Formed or occurring after the last glacial epoch of the
Pleistocene period, or at a locality within the area of Pleistocene
glaciation after the final disappearance of the glacier from the
locality.
 (b) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an epoch after the last
Glacial and before the Terrace epoch. [R.]

POSTGLENOID
Post*gle"noid, a. Etym: [Pref. post- + glenoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated behind the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone.

POSTGRADUATE
Post*grad"u*ate, a. [Pref. post-+ graduate.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, the studies pursued after
graduation, esp., after receiving the bachelor's degree at a college;
graduate. -- n.

Defn: A student who pursues such studies.

 Most careful writers consider the word graduate to be the proper
word to use in this sense.

POSTHASTE
Post`haste", n.

Defn: Haste or speed in traveling, like that of a post or courier.
Shak.

POSTHASTE
Post`haste, adv.

Defn: With speed or expedition; as, he traveled posthaste; to send
posthaste. Shak.

POSTHETOMY
Pos*thet"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Circumcision. Dunglison.

POSTHOUSE
Post"house`, n.

1. A house established for the convenience of the post, where relays
of horses can be obtained.

2. A house for distributing the malls; a post office.

POSTHUME; POSTHUMED
Post"hume, Post"humed, a.

Defn: Posthumos. [Obs.] I. Watts. Fuller.

POSTHUMOUS
Post"hu*mous, a. Etym: [L. posthumus, postumus, properly, last;
hence, late born (applied to children born after the father's death,
or after he had made his will), superl. of posterus, posterior. See
Posterior.]

1. Born after the death of the father, or taken from the dead body of
the mother; as, a posthumous son or daughter.

2. Published after the death of the author; as, posthumous works; a
posthumous edition.

3. Being or continuing after one's death; as, a posthumous
reputation. Addison. Sir T. Browne.

POSTHUMOUSLY
Post"hu*mous*ly, adv.

Defn: It a posthumous manner; after one's decease.

POSTIC
Pos"tic, a. Etym: [L. posticus, fr. post after, behind.]

Defn: Backward. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

POSTICOUS
Pos"ti*cous, a. Etym: [L. posticus.] (Bot.)
(a) Posterior.
(b) Situated on the outer side of a filament; -- said of an extrorse
anther.

POSTIL
Pos"til, n. Etym: [F. postille, apostille, LL. postilla, probably
from L. post illa (sc. verba) after those (words). Cf. Apostil.]

1. Originally, an explanatory note in the margin of the Bible, so
called because written after the text; hence, a marginal note; a
comment.
Langton also made postils upon the whole Bible. Foxe.

2. (R. C. Ch. & Luth. Ch.)

Defn: A short homily or commentary on a passage of Scripture; as, the
first postils were composed by order of Charlemagne.

POSTIL
Pos"til, v. t. Etym: [Cf. LL. postillare.]

Defn: To write marginal or explanatory notes on; to gloss. Bacon.

POSTIL
Pos"til, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Postiled (Postilled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Postiling or Postilling.]

Defn: To write postils, or marginal notes; to comment; to postillate.
Postiling and allegorizing on Scripture. J. H. Newman.

POSTILER
Pos"til*er, n. Etym: [Written also postiller.]

Defn: One who writers marginal notes; one who illustrates the text of
a book by notes in the margin. Sir T. Browne.

POSTILION
Pos*til"ion, n. Etym: [F. postillon, It. postiglione, fr. posta post.
See Post a postman.]

Defn: One who rides and guides the first pair of horses of a coach or
post chaise; also, one who rides one of the horses when one pair only
is used. [Written also postillion.]

POSTILLATE
Pos"til*late, v. t. Etym: [LL. postillatus, p. p. of postillare.]

Defn: To explain by marginal notes; to postil.
Tracts . . . postillated by his own hand. C. Knight.

POSTILLATE
Pos"til*late, v. i.

1. To write postils; to comment.

2. To preach by expounding Scripture verse by verse, in regular
order.

POSTILLATION
Pos`til*la"tion, n. Etym: [LL. postillatio.]

Defn: The act of postillating; exposition of Scripture in preaching.

POSTILLATOR
Pos"til*la`tor, n. Etym: [LL.]

Defn: One who postillates; one who expounds the Scriptures verse by
verse.

POSTILLER
Post"il*ler, n.

Defn: See Postiler.

POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Post`-im*pres"sion*ism, n. (Painting)

Defn: In the broadest sense, the theory or practice of any of several
groups of recent painters, or of these groups taken collectively,
whose work and theories have in common a tendency to reaction against
the scientific and naturalistic character of impressionism and neo-
impressionism. In a strict sense the term post-impressionism is used
to denote the effort at self-expression, rather than representation,
shown in the work of Cézanne, Matisse, etc.; but it is more broadly
used to include cubism, the theory or practice of a movement in both
painting and  sculpture which lays stress upon volume as the
important attribute of objects and attempts its expression by the use
of geometrical figures or solids only; and futurism, a theory or
practice which attempts to place the observer within the picture and
to represent simultaneously a number of consecutive movements and
impressions. In practice these theories and methods of the post-
impressionists change with great rapidity and shade into one another,
so that a picture may be both cubist and futurist in character. They
tend to, and sometimes reach, a condition in which both
representation and traditional decoration are entirely abolished and
a work of art becomes a purely subjective expression in an arbitrary
and personal language.

POSTING
Post"ing, n.

1. The act of traveling post.

2. (Bookkeeping)

Defn: The act of transferring an account, as from the journal to the
ledger. Posting house, a post house.

POSTLIMINIAR
Post`li*min"i*ar, a. Etym: [See Postliminium.]

Defn: Contrived, done, or existing subsequently. "Postliminious after
applications of them to their purposes." South.

POSTLIMINIARY
Post`li*min"i*a*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or involving, the right of postliminium.

POSTLIMINIUM; POSTLIMINY
Post`li*min"i*um, Post*lim"i*ny, n. Etym: [L. postliminium, post
after + limen, liminis, a threshold.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The return to his own country, and his former privileges, of a
person who had gone to sojourn in a foreign country, or had been
banished, or taken by an enemy. Burrill.

2. (Internat. Law)

Defn: The right by virtue of which persons and things taken by an
enemy in war are restored to their former state when coming again
under the power of the nation to which they belonged. Kent.

POSTLUDE
Post"lude, n. Etym: [Pref. post- + -lude, as in prelude.] (Med.)

Defn: A voluntary at the end of a service.

POSTMAN
Post"man, n.; pl. Postmen (.

1. A post or courier; a letter carrier.

2. (Eng. Law)

Defn: One of the two most experienced barristers in the Court of
Exchequer, who have precedence in motions; -- so called from the
place where he sits. The other of the two is called the tubman.
Whishaw.

POSTMARK
Post"mark`, n.

Defn: The mark, or stamp, of a post office on a letter, giving the
place and date of mailing or of arrival.

POSTMARK
Post"mark`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postmarked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Postmarking.]

Defn: To mark with a post-office stamp; as, to postmark a letter or
parcel.

POSTMASTER
Post"mas`ter, n.

1. One who has charge of a station for the accommodation of
travelers; one who supplies post horses.

2. One who has charge of a post office, and the distribution and
forwarding of mails.

POSTMASTER-GENERAL
Post"mas`ter-gen"er*al, n.; pl. Postmasters-general.

Defn: The chief officer of the post-office department of a
government. In the United States the postmaster-general is a member
of the cabinet.

POSTMASTERSHIP
Post"mas`ter*ship, n.

Defn: The office of postmaster.

POSTMERIDIAN
Post`me*rid"i*an, a. Etym: [L. postmeridianus; post after +
meridianus. See Meridian.]

1. Coming after the sun has passed the meridian; being in, or
belonging to, the afternoon. (Abbrev. P. M.)

2. Fig., belonging to the after portion of life; late. [R.]

POST-MORTEM
Post-mor"tem, a. Etym: [L., after death.]

Defn: After death; as, post-mortem rigidity. Post-mortem examination
(Med.), an examination of the body made after the death of the
patient; an autopsy.

POSTNARES
Post*na"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Post-, and Nares.] (Anat.)

Defn: The posterior nares. See Nares.

POSTNATAL
Post*na"tal, a. Etym: [Pref. post- + natal.]

Defn: After birth; subsequent to birth; as, postnatal infanticide;
postnatal diseases.

POSTNATE
Post"nate, a. Etym: [LL. postnatus second or subsequently born; L.
post after + natus born.]

Defn: Subsequent. "The graces and gifts of the spirit are postnate."
[Archaic] Jer. Taylor.

POST NOTE
Post" note`. (Com.)

Defn: A note issued by a bank, payable at some future specified time,
as distinguished from a note payable on demand. Burrill.

POSTNUPTIAL
Post*nup"tial, a. Etym: [Pref. post- + nuptial.]

Defn: Being or happening after marriage; as, a postnuptial settlement
on a wife. Kent.

POST-OBIT; POST-OBIT BOND
Post-o"bit, n., or; Post-o"bit bond`. Etym: [Pref. post- + obit.]
(Law)

Defn: A bond in which the obligor, in consideration of having
received a certain sum of money, binds himself to pay a larger sum,
on unusual interest, on the death of some specified individual from
whom he has expectations. Bouvier.

POST-OBIT; POST-OBIT BOND
Post-o"bit, n., or Post-o"bit bond`. [Pref. post- + obit.] (Law)

Defn: A bond in which the obligor, in consideration of having
received a certain sum of money, binds himself to pay a larger sum,
on unusual interest, on the death of some specified individual from
whom he has expectations.  Bouvier.

POSTOBLONGATA
Post*ob`lon*ga"ta, n. Etym: [NL. See Post-, and Oblongata.] (Anat.)

Defn: The posterior part of the medulla oblongata. B. G. Wilder.

POSTOCULAR
Post*oc"u*lar, a. & n. Etym: [Pref. post- + ocular.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Postorbital.

POST OFFICE
Post" of`fice, n.

Defn: See under 4th Post.

POSTORAL
Post*o"ral, a. Etym: [Pref. post- + oral.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated behind, or posterior to, the mouth.

POSTORBITAL
Post*or"bit*al, a. Etym: [Pref. post- + orbital.] (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated behind the orbit; as, the postorbital scales of some
fishes and reptiles.
 -- n.

Defn: A postorbital bone or scale.

POSTPAID
Post"paid`, a.

Defn: Having the postage prepaid, as a letter.

POSTPALATINE
Post*pal"a*tine, a. Etym: [Pref. post- + palatine.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated behind the palate, or behind the palatine bones.

POSTPLIOCENE
Post*pli"o*cene, a. (Geol.) Etym: [Pref. post- + pliocene.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the period immediately following the
Pliocene; Pleistocene. Also used as a noun. See Quaternary.

POSTPONE
Post*pone", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postponed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Postponing.] Etym: [L. postponere, postpositum; post after + ponere
to place, put. See Post-, and Position.]

1. To defer to a future or later time; to put off; also, to cause to
be deferred or put off; to delay; to adjourn; as, to postpone the
consideration of a bill to the following day, or indefinitely.
His praise postponed, and never to be paid. Cowper.

2. To place after, behind, or below something, in respect to
precedence, preference, value, or importance.
All other considerations should give way and be postponed to this.
Locke.

Syn.
 -- To adjourn; defer; delay; procrastinate.

POSTPONEMENT
Post*pone"ment, n.

Defn: The act of postponing; a deferring, or putting off, to a future
time; a temporary delay. Macaulay.

POSTPONENCE
Post*pon"ence, n. Etym: [From L. postponens, p. pr.]

Defn: The act of postponing, in sense 2. [Obs.] Johnson.

POSTPONER
Post*pon"er, n.

Defn: One who postpones.

POSTPOSE
Post*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postposed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Postposing.] Etym: [F. postposer. See Post-, and Pose, v. t.]

Defn: To postpone. [Obs.] Fuller.

POSTPOSIT
Post*pos"it, v. t. Etym: [L. postpositus, p. p. See Postpone.]

Defn: To postpone. [Obs.] Feltham.

POSTPOSITION
Post`po*si"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. postposition. See Postpone.]

1. The act of placing after, or the state of being placed after. "The
postposition of the nominative case to the verb." Mede.

2. A word or particle placed after, or at the end of, another word; -
- distinguished from preposition.

POSTPOSITIONAL
Post`po*si"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to postposition.

POSTPOSITIVE
Post*pos"i*tive, a. Etym: [See Postpone.]

Defn: Placed after another word; as, a postpositive conjunction; a
postpositive letter.
 -- Post*pos"i*tive*ly, adv.

POSTPRANDIAL
Post*pran"di*al, a. Etym: [Pref. post- + prandial.]

Defn: Happening, or done, after dinner; after-dinner; as,
postprandial speeches.

POSTREMOGENITURE
Pos*tre`mo*gen"i*ture, n. Etym: [L. postremus last + genitura birth,
geniture.]

Defn: The right of the youngest born. Mozley & W.

POSTREMOTE
Post`re*mote", a. Etym: [Pref. post- + remote.]

Defn: More remote in subsequent time or order.

POSTRIDER
Post"rid`er, n.

Defn: One who rides over a post road to carry the mails. Bancroft.

POSTSCAPULA
Post*scap"u*la, n. Etym: [NL. See Post-, and Scapula.] (Anat.)

Defn: The part of the scapula behind or below the spine, or
mesoscapula.

POSTSCAPULAR
Post*scap"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the postscapula; infraspinous.

POSTSCENIUM
Post*sce"ni*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. post + scena a scene.]

Defn: The part of a theater behind the scenes; the back part of the
stage of a theater.

POSTSCRIBE
Post*scribe", v. t. Etym: [L. postscribere. See Postscript.]

Defn: To make a postscript. [R.] T. Adams.

POSTSCRIPT
Post"script, n. Etym: [L. postscriptus, (assumed) p. p. of
postscribere to write after; post after + scribere to write: cf. F.
postscriptum. See Post-, and Scribe.]

Defn: A paragraph added to a letter after it is concluded and signed
by the writer; an addition made to a book or composition after the
main body of the work has been finished, containing something
omitted, or something new occurring to the writer. [Abbrev. P. S.]

POSTSCRIPTED
Post"script*ed, a.

Defn: Having a postscript; added in a postscript. [R.] J. Q. Adams.

POSTSCUTELLUM
Post`scu*tel"lum, n. Etym: [NL. See Post-, and Scutellum.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hindermost dorsal piece of a thoracic somite of an insect;
the plate behind the scutellum.

POSTSPHENOID
Post*sphe"noid, a. Etym: [Pref. post- + sphenoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the posterior part of the sphenoid bone.

POST-TEMPORAL
Post-tem"po*ral, a. Etym: [Pref. post- + temporal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated back of the temporal bone or the temporal region of
the skull; -- applied especially to a bone which usually connects the
supraclavicle with the skull in the pectoral arch of fishes.
 -- n.

Defn: A post-temporal bone.

POSTTERTIARY
Post*ter"ti*a*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. post- + tertiary.] (Geol.)

Defn: Following, or more recent than, the Tertiary; Quaternary.

POST-TRAGUS
Post"-tra`gus, n. Etym: [NL. See Post-, and Tragus.] (Anat.)

Defn: A ridge within and behind the tragus in the ear of some
animals.

POST-TYMPANIC
Post`-tym*pan"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. post- + tympanic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated behind the tympanum, or in the skull, behind the
auditory meatus.

POSTULANT
Pos"tu*lant, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. postulans, p. pr. of postulare. See
Postulate.]

Defn: One who makes a request or demand; hence, a candidate.

POSTULATE
Pos"tu*late, n. Etym: [L. postulatum a demand, request, prop. p. p.
of postulare to demand, prob. a dim. of poscere to demand, prob. for
porcscere; akin to G. forschen to search, investigate, Skr. prach to
ask, and L. precari to pray: cf. F. postulat. See Pray.]

1. Something demanded or asserted; especially, a position or
supposition assumed without proof, or one which is considered as
self-evident; a truth to which assent may be demanded or challenged,
without argument or evidence.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: The enunciation of a self-evident problem, in distinction from
an axiom, which is the enunciation of a self-evident theorem.
The distinction between a postulate and an axiom lies in this, --
that the latter is admitted to be self-evident, while the former may
be agreed upon between two reasoners, and admitted by both, but not
as proposition which it would be impossible to deny. Eng. Cyc.

POSTULATE
Pos"tu*late, a.

Defn: Postulated. [Obs.] Hudibras.

POSTULATE
Pos"tu*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Postulating.]

1. To beg, or assume without proof; as, to postulate conclusions.

2. To take without express consent; to assume.
The Byzantine emperors appear to have . . . postulated a sort of
paramount supremacy over this nation. W. Tooke.

3. To invite earnestly; to solicit. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

POSTULATED
Pos"tu*la`ted, a.

Defn: Assumed without proof; as, a postulated inference. Sir T.
Browne.

POSTULATION
Pos`tu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. postulatio: cf. F. postulation.]

Defn: The act of postulating, or that which is postulated;
assumption; solicitation; suit; cause.

POSTULATORY
Pos"tu*la*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. postulatorius.]

Defn: Of the nature of a postulate. Sir T. Browne.

POSTULATUM
Pos`tu*la"tum, n.; pl. Postulata. Etym: [L. See Postulate, n.]

Defn: A postulate. Addison.

POSTUMOUS
Pos"tu*mous, a.

Defn: See Posthumous. [R.]

POSTURAL
Pos"tur*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to posture.

POSTURE
Pos"ture, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. positura, fr. ponere, positum, to
place. See Position.]

1. The position of the body; the situation or disposition of the
several parts of the body with respect to each other, or for a
particular purpose; especially (Fine Arts), the position of a figure
with regard to the several principal members by which action is
expressed; attitude.
Atalanta, the posture of whose limbs was so lively expressed . . .
one would have sworn the very picture had run. Sir P. Sidney.
In most strange postures We have seen him set himself. Shak.
The posture of a poetic figure is a description of his heroes in the
performance of such or such an action. Dryden.

2. Place; position; situation. [Obs.] Milton.
His [man's] noblest posture and station in this world. Sir M. Hale.

3. State or condition, whether of external circumstances, or of
internal feeling and will; disposition; mood; as, a posture of
defense; the posture of affairs.
The several postures of his devout soul. Atterbury.

Syn.
 -- Attitude; position. See Attitude.

POSTURE
Pos"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postured; p. pr. & vb. n. Posturing.]

Defn: To place in a particular position or attitude; to dispose the
parts of, with reference to a particular purpose; as, to posture
one's self; to posture a model. Howell.

POSTURE
Pos"ture, v. i.

1. To assume a particular posture or attitude; to contort the body
into artificial attitudes, as an acrobat or contortionist; also, to
pose.

2. Fig.: To assume a character; as, to posture as a saint.

POSTURER
Pos`tur*er, n.

Defn: One who postures.

POSTZYGAPOPHYSIS
Post*zyg`a*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. Postzygapophyses. Etym: [NL. See Post-
, and Zygapophysis.] (Anat.)

Defn: A posterior zygapophysis.

POSY
Po"sy, n.; pl. Posies. Etym: [Contr. fr. poesy.]

1. A brief poetical sentiment; hence, any brief sentiment, motto, or
legend; especially, one inscribed on a ring. "The posy of a ring."
Shak.

2. Etym: [Probably so called from the use of flowers as having an
enigmatical significance. Wedgwood.]

Defn: A flower; a bouquet; a nosegay. "Bridegroom's posies." Spenser.
We make a difference between suffering thistles to grow among us, and
wearing them for posies. Swift.

POT
Pot, n. Etym: [Akin to LG. pott, D. pot, Dan. potte, Sw. potta, Icel.
pottr, F. pot; of unknown origin.]

1. A metallic or earthen vessel, appropriated to any of a great
variety of uses, as for boiling meat or vegetables, for holding
liquids, for plants, etc.; as, a quart pot; a flower pot; a bean pot.

2. An earthen or pewter cup for liquors; a mug.

3. The quantity contained in a pot; a potful; as, a pot of ale. "Give
her a pot and a cake." De Foe.

4. A metal or earthenware extension of a flue above the top of a
chimney; a chimney pot.

5. A crucible; as, a graphite pot; a melting pot.

6. A wicker vessel for catching fish, eels, etc.

7. A perforated cask for draining sugar. Knight.

8. A size of paper. See Pott. Jack pot. See under 2d Jack.
 -- Pot cheese, cottage cheese. See under Cottage.
 -- Pot companion, a companion in drinking.
 -- Pot hanger, a pothook.
 -- Pot herb, any plant, the leaves or stems of which are boiled for
food, as spinach, lamb's-quarters, purslane, and many others.
 -- Pot hunter, one who kills anything and everything that will help
to fill has bag; also, a hunter who shoots game for the table or for
the market.
 -- Pot metal. (a) The metal from which iron pots are made, different
from common pig iron. (b) An alloy of copper with lead used for
making large vessels for various purposes in the arts. Ure. (c) A
kind of stained glass, the colors of which are incorporated with the
melted glass in the pot. Knight.
 -- Pot plant (Bot.), either of the trees which bear the monkey-pot.
 -- Pot wheel (Hydraul.), a noria.
 -- To go to pot, to go to destruction; to come to an end of
usefulness; to become refuse. [Colloq.] Dryden. J. G. Saxe.

POT
Pot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Potted; p. pr. & vb. n. Potting.]

Defn: To place or inclose in pots; as:
(a) To preserve seasoned in pots. "Potted fowl and fish." Dryden.
(b) To set out or cover in pots; as, potted plants or bulbs.
(c) To drain; as, to pot sugar, by taking it from the cooler, and
placing it in hogsheads, etc., having perforated heads, through which
the molasses drains off. B. Edwards.
(d) (Billiards) To pocket.

POT
Pot, v. i.

Defn: To tipple; to drink. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
It is less labor to plow than to pot it. Feltham.

POTABLE
Po"ta*ble, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. potabilis, fr. potare to drink; akin
to Gr. po`tos a drinking, po`sis a drink, Skr. pa to drink, OIr. ibim
I drink. Cf. Poison, Bib, Imbibe.]

Defn: Fit to be drunk; drinkable. "Water fresh and potable." Bacon.
 -- n.

Defn: A potable liquid; a beverage. "Useful in potables." J. Philips.

POTABLENESS
Po"ta*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being drinkable.

POTAGE
Pot"age (; 48), n.

Defn: See Pottage.

POTAGER
Pot"a*ger, n. Etym: [F. fr. potage soup, porridge. See Pottage.]

Defn: A porringer. [Obs.] Grew.

POTAGRO
Po*tag"ro, n.

Defn: See Potargo.

POTALE
Pot"ale`, n.

Defn: The refuse from a grain distillery, used to fatten swine.

POTAMIAN
Po*ta"mi*an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A river tortoise; one of a group of tortoises (Potamites, or
Trionychoidea) having a soft shell, webbed feet, and a sharp beak.
See Trionyx.

POTAMOGRAPHY
Pot`a*mog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: An account or description of rivers; potamology.

POTAMOLOGY
Pot`a*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A scientific account or discussion of rivers; a treatise on
rivers; potamography.

POTAMOSPONGIAE
Pot`a*mo*spon"gi*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fresh-water sponges. See Spongilla.

POTANCE
Po"tance, n. Etym: [F. potence. See Potence, Potency.] (Watch Making)

Defn: The stud in which the bearing for the lower pivot of the verge
is made.

POTARGO
Po*tar"go, n. Etym: [Cf. Botargo.]

Defn: A kind of sauce or pickle. King.

POTASH
Pot"ash`, n. Etym: [Pot + ash.] (Chem.)
(a) The hydroxide of potassium hydrate, a hard white brittle
substance, KOH, having strong caustic and alkaline properties; --
hence called also caustic potash.
(b) The impure potassium carbonate obtained by leaching wood ashes,
either as a strong solution (lye), or as a white crystalline
(pearlash).

POTASHES
Pot"ash`es, n. pl. (Chem.)

Defn: Potash. [Obs.]

POTASSA
Po*tas"sa, n. Etym: [NL., fr. E. potash.] (Chem.)
(a) Potassium oxide. [Obs.]
(b) Potassium hydroxide, commonly called caustic potash.

POTASSAMIDE
Pot`ass*am"ide, n. Etym: [Potassium + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellowish brown substance obtained by heating potassium in
ammonia.

POTASSIC
Po*tas"sic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, potassium.

POTASSIUM
Po*tas"si*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Potassa, Potash.] (Chem.)

Defn: An Alkali element, occurring abundantly but always combined, as
in the chloride, sulphate, carbonate, or silicate, in the minerals
sylvite, kainite, orthoclase, muscovite, etc. Atomic weight 39.0.
Symbol K (Kalium).

Note: It is reduced from the carbonate as a soft white metal, lighter
than water, which oxidizes with the greatest readiness, and, to be
preserved, must be kept under liquid hydrocarbons, as naphtha or
kerosene. Its compounds are very important, being used in glass
making, soap making, in fertilizers, and in many drugs and chemicals.
Potassium permanganate, the salt KMnO4, crystallizing in dark red
prisms having a greenish surface color, and dissolving in water with
a beautiful purple red color; -- used as an oxidizer and
disinfectant. The name chameleon mineral is applied to this salt and
also to potassium manganate.
 -- Potassium bitartrate. See Cream of tartar, under Cream.

POTASSOXYL
Pot`ass*ox"yl, n. Etym: [Potassium + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The radical KO, derived from, and supposed to exist in,
potassium hydroxide and other compounds.

POTATION
Po*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. potatio, fr. potare. See Potable.]

1. The act of drinking. Jer. Taylor.

2. A draught. "Potations pottle deep." Shak.

3. Drink; beverage. "Thin potations." Shak.

POTATO
Po*ta"to, n.; pl. Potatoes. Etym: [Sp. patata potato, batata sweet
potato, from the native American name (probably batata) in Hayti.]
(Bot.)
(a) A plant (Solanum tuberosum) of the Nightshade family, and its
esculent farinaceous tuber, of which there are numerous varieties
used for food. It is native of South America, but a form of the
species is found native as far north as New Mexico.
(b) The sweet potato (see below). Potato beetle, Potato bug. (Zoöl.)
(a) A beetle (Doryphora decemlineata) which feeds, both in the larval
and adult stages, upon the leaves of the potato, often doing great
damage. Called also Colorado potato beetle, and Doryphora. See
Colorado beetle. (b) The Lema trilineata, a smaller and more slender
striped beetle which feeds upon the potato plant, bur does less
injury than the preceding species.
 -- Potato fly (Zoöl.), any one of several species of blister beetles
infesting the potato vine. The black species (Lytta atrata), the
striped (L. vittata), and the gray (L. cinerea, or Fabricii) are the
most common. See Blister beetle, under Blister.
 -- Potato rot, a disease of the tubers of the potato, supposed to be
caused by a kind of mold (Peronospora infestans), which is first seen
upon the leaves and stems.
 -- Potato weevil (Zoöl.), an American weevil (Baridius trinotatus)
whose larva lives in and kills the stalks of potato vines, often
causing serious damage to the crop.
 -- Potato whisky, a strong, fiery liquor, having a hot, smoky taste,
and rich in amyl alcohol (fusel oil); it is made from potatoes or
potato starch.
 -- Potato worm (Zoöl.), the large green larva of a sphinx, or hawk
moth (Macrosila quinquemaculata); -- called also tomato worm. See
Illust. under Tomato.
 -- Seaside potato (Bot.), Ipomoea Pes-Capræ, a kind of morning-glory
with rounded and emarginate or bilobed leaves. [West Indies] -- Sweet
potato (Bot.), a climbing plant (Ipomoea Balatas) allied to the
morning-glory. Its farinaceous tubers have a sweetish taste, and are
used, when cooked, for food. It is probably a native of Brazil, but
is cultivated extensively in the warmer parts of every continent, and
even as far north as New Jersey. The name potato was applied to this
plant before it was to the Solanum tuberosum, and this is the
"potato" of the Southern United States.
 -- Wild potato. (Bot.) (a) A vine (Ipomoea pandurata) having a pale
purplish flower and an enormous root. It is common in sandy places in
the United States. (b) A similar tropical American plant (I.
fastigiata) which it is thought may have been the original stock of
the sweet potato.

POTATOR
Po*ta"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A drinker. [R.] Southey.

POTATORY
Po"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. potatorius, from potare to drink.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to drinking. Ld. Lytton.

POT-AU-FEU
Pot`-au`-feu", n. [F., lit., pot on the fire.] (Cookery)

Defn: A dish of broth, meat, and vegetables prepared by boiling in a
pot, -- a dish esp. common among the French.  Grant Allen.

POT-BELLIED
Pot"-bel`lied, a.

Defn: Having a protuberant belly, like the bottom of a pot.

POT-BELLY
Pot"-bel`ly, n.

Defn: A protuberant belly.

POTBOILER
Pot"boil`er, n.

Defn: A term applied derisively to any literary or artistic work, and
esp. a painting, done simply for money and the means of living.
[Cant]

POTBOY
Pot"boy`, n.

Defn: A boy who carries pots of ale, beer, etc.; a menial in a public
house.

POTCH
Potch, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Poach to stab.]

Defn: To thrust; to push. [Obs.] "I 'll potch at him some way." Shak.

POTCH
Potch, v. t.

Defn: See Poach, to cook. [Obs.] Wiseman.

POTCHER
Potch"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, potches. Potcher engine (Paper Making),
a machine in which washed rags are stirred in a bleaching solution.

POTECARY
Pot"e*ca*ry, n.

Defn: An apothecary. [Obs.]

POTEEN
Po*teen", n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. potaim, poitim, I drink, poitin a small
pot.]

Defn: Whisky; especially, whisky illicitly distilled by the Irish
peasantry. [Written also potheen, and potteen.]

POTELOT
Po"te*lot, n. Etym: [F.,; cf. G. pottloth black lead.] (Old Chem. &
Min.)

Defn: Molybdenum sulphide.

POTENCE
Po"tence, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. potentia staff, crutch, L., might,
power. See Potency.]

Defn: Potency; capacity. [R.] Sir W. Hamilton.

POTENCY
Po"ten*cy, n. Etym: [L. potentia, from potens, -entis, potent. See
Potent, and cf. Potance, Potence, Puissance.]

Defn: The quality or state of being potent; physical or moral power;
inherent strength; energy; ability to effect a purpose; capability;
efficacy; influence. "Drugs of potency." Hawthorne.
A place of potency and away o' the state. Shak.

POTENT
Po"tent, a. Etym: [L. potens, -entis, p. pr. of posse to be able, to
have power, fr. potis able, capable (akin to Skr. pati master, lord)
+ esse to be. See Host a landlord, Am, and cf. Despot, Podesta,
Possible, Power, Puissant.]

1. Producing great physical effects; forcible; powerful' efficacious;
as, a potent medicine. "Harsh and potent injuries." Shak.
Moses once more his potent rod extends. Milton.

2. Having great authority, control, or dominion; puissant; mighty;
influential; as, a potent prince. "A potent dukedom." Shak.
Most potent, grave, and reverend signiors. Shak.

3. Powerful, in an intellectual or moral sense; having great
influence; as, potent interest; a potent argument. Cross potent.
(Her.) See Illust. (7) of Cross.

Syn.
 -- Powerful; mighty; puissant; strong; able; efficient; forcible;
efficacious; cogent; influential.

POTENT
Po"tent, n.

1. A prince; a potentate. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Etym: [See Potence.]

Defn: A staff or crutch. [Obs.]

3. (Her.)

Defn: One of the furs; a surface composed of patches which are
supposed to represent crutch heads; they are always alternately
argent and azure, unless otherwise specially mentioned. Counter
potent (Her.), a fur differing from potent in the arrangement of the
patches.

POTENTACY
Po"ten*ta*cy, n. Etym: [See Potentate.]

Defn: Sovereignty. [Obs.]

POTENTATE
Po"ten*tate, n. Etym: [LL. potentatus, fr. potentare to exercise
power: cf. F. potentat. See Potent, a.]

Defn: One who is potent; one who possesses great power or sway; a
prince, sovereign, or monarch.
The blessed and only potentate. 1 Tim. vi. 15.
Cherub and seraph, potentates and thrones. Milton.

POTENTIAL
Po*ten"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. potentiel. See Potency.]

1. Being potent; endowed with energy adequate to a result;
efficacious; influential. [Obs.] "And hath in his effect a voice
potential." Shak.

2. Existing in possibility, not in actuality. "A potential hero."
Carlyle.
Potential existence means merely that the thing may be at ome time;
actual existence, that it now is. Sir W. Hamilton.
Potential cautery. See under Cautery.
 -- Potential energy. (Mech.) See the Note under Energy.
 -- Potential mood, or mode (Gram.), that form of the verb which is
used to express possibility, liberty, power, will, obligation, or
necessity, by the use of may, can, must, might, could, would, or
should; as, I may go; he can write.

POTENTIAL
Po*ten"tial, n.

1. Anything that may be possible; a possibility; potentially. Bacon.

2. (Math.)

Defn: In the theory of gravitation, or of other forces acting in
space, a function of the rectangular coordinates which determine the
position of a point, such that its differential coefficients with
respect to the coördinates are equal to the components of the force
at the point considered; -- also called potential function, or force
function. It is called also Newtonian potential when the force is
directed to a fixed center and is inversely as the square of the
distance from the center.

3. (Elec.)

Defn: The energy of an electrical charge measured by its power to do
work; hence, the degree of electrification as referred to some
standard, as that of the earth; electro-motive force.

POTENTIALITY
Po*ten`ti*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being potential; possibility, not
actuality; inherent capability or disposition, not actually
exhibited.

POTENTIALLY
Po*ten"tial*ly, adv.

1. With power; potently. [Obs.]

2. In a potential manner; possibly, not positively.
The duration of human souls is only potentially infinite. Bentley.

POTENTIATE
Po*ten"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Potentiated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Potentiating.]

Defn: To render active or potent. Coleridge.

POTENTIOMETER
Po*ten`ti*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Potential + -meter.] (Elec.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring or comparing electrial potentials
or electro-motive forces.

POTENTIZE
Po"ten*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Potentized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Potentizing.]

Defn: To render the latent power of (anything) available. Dunglison.

POTENTLY
Po"tent*ly, adv.

Defn: With great force or energy; powerfully; efficaciously. "You are
potently opposed." Shak.

POTENTNESS
Po"tent*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being potent; powerfulness; potency;
efficacy.

POTESTATE
Po"tes*tate, n.

Defn: A chief ruler; a potentate. [Obs.] Wyclif. "An irous
potestate." Chaucer.

POTESTATIVE
Po*tes"ta*tive, a. Etym: [L. potestativus, fr. potestas power: cf. F.
potestatif. See Potent.]

Defn: Authoritative. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

POTGUN
Pot"gun`, n.

1. A pot-shaped cannon; a mortar. [Obs.] "Twelve potguns of brass."
Hakluyt.

2. A popgun. [Obs.] Swift.

POTHECARY
Poth"e*ca*ry, n.

Defn: An apothecary. [Obs.]

POTHEEN
Po*theen", n.

Defn: See Poteen.

POTHER
Poth"er, n. Etym: [Cf. D. peuteren to rummage, poke. Cf. Potter,
Pudder.]

Defn: Bustle; confusion; tumult; flutter; bother. [Written also
potter, and pudder.] "What a pother and stir!" Oldham. "Coming on
with a terrible pother." Wordsworth.

POTHER
Poth"er, v. i.

Defn: To make a bustle or stir; to be fussy.

POTHER
Poth"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pothered; p. pr. & vb. n. Pothering.]

Defn: To harass and perplex; to worry. "Pothers and wearies himself."
Locke.

POTHOLE
Pot"hole`, n.

Defn: A circular hole formed in the rocky beds of rivers by the
grinding action of stones or gravel whirled round by the water in
what was at first a natural depression of the rock.

POTHOOK
Pot"hook`, n.

1. An

2. A written character curved like a pothook; (pl.) a scrawled
writing. "I long to be spelling her Arabic scrawls and pothooks."
Dryden.

POTHOUSE
Pot"house`, n.

Defn: An alehouse. T. Warton.

POTICHE
Po`tiche", n.; pl. -tiches (#). [F., fr. pot a pot.] (Ceramics)

Defn: A vase with a separate cover, the body usually rounded or
polygonal in plan with nearly vertical sides, a neck of smaller size,
and a rounded shoulder.

POTICHOMANIA; POTICHOMANIE
Po`ti*cho*ma"ni*a, Po`ti*cho*ma"nie, n. Etym: [F. potichomanie;
potiche a porcelain vase + manie mania.]

Defn: The art or process of coating the inside of glass vessels with
engravings or paintings, so as to give them the appearance of painted
ware.

POTION
Po"tion, n. Etym: [L. potio, from potare to drink: cf. F. potion. See
Poison.]

Defn: A draught; a dose; usually, a draught or dose of a liquid
medicine. Shak.

POTION
Po"tion, v. t.

Defn: To drug. [Obs.] Speed.

POT LACE
Pot lace.

Defn: Lace whose pattern includes one or more representations of
baskets or bowls from which flowers spring.

POTLATCH
Pot"latch`, n. [Chinook potlatch, pahtlatch, fr. Nootka pahchilt,
pachalt, a gift.]

1. Among the Kwakiutl, Chimmesyan, and other Indians of the
northwestern coast of North America, a ceremonial distribution by a
man of gifts to his own and neighboring tribesmen, often, formerly,
to his own impoverishment. Feasting, dancing, and public ceremonies
accompany it.

2.  Hence, a feast given to a large number of persons, often
accompanied by gifts. [Colloq., Northwestern America]

POT LEAD
Pot lead.

Defn: Graphite, or black lead, often used on the bottoms of racing
vessels to diminish friction.

POTLID
Pot"lid`, n.

Defn: The lid or cover of a pot. Potlid valve, a valve covering a
round hole or the end of a pipe or pump barrel, resembling a potlid
in form.

POTLUCK
Pot"luck`, n.

Defn: Whatever may chance to be in the pot, or may be provided for a
meal.
A woman whose potluck was always to be relied on. G. Eliot.
To take potluck, to take what food may chance to be provided.

POTMAN
Pot"man, n.; pl. Potmen (.

1. A pot companion. [Obs.] Life of A. Wood (1663).

2. A servant in a public house; a potboy.

POTOO
Po*too", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large South American goatsucker (Nyctibius grandis).

POTOROO
Po`to*roo", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small kangaroo belonging to Hypsiprymnus, Bettongia, and
allied genera, native of Australia and Tasmania. Called also kangaroo
rat.

POTPIE
Pot"pie`, n.

Defn: A meat pie which is boiled instead of being baked.

POTPOURRI
Pot`pour`ri", n. Etym: [F., fr. pot pot + pourri, p. p. of pourrir to
rot, L. putrere. Cf. Olla-podrida.]

Defn: A medley or mixture. Specifically:
(a) A ragout composed of different sorts of meats, vegetables, etc.,
cooked together.
(b) A jar or packet of flower leaves, perfumes, and spices, used to
scent a room.
(c) A piece of music made up of different airs strung together; a
medley.
(d) A literary production composed of parts brought together without
order or bond of connection.

POTSDAM GROUP
Pots"dam group` (. (Geol.)

Defn: A subdivision of the Primordial or Cambrian period in American
geology; -- so named from the sandstone of Potsdam, New York. See
Chart of Geology.

POTSHARD; POTSHARE
Pot"shard`, Pot"share`, n.

Defn: A potsherd. [Obs.] Spenser.

POTSHERD
Pot"sherd`, n. Etym: [Pot + sherd or shard.]

Defn: A piece or fragment of a broken pot. Job ii. 8.

POT SHOT
Pot shot.

Defn: Lit., a shot fired simply to fill the pot; hence, a shot fired
at an animal or person when at rest or within easy range, or fired
simply to kill, without reference to the rules of sport; a shot
needling no special skill.

POTSTONE
Pot"stone`, n. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of steatite sometimes manufactured into culinary
vessels.

POTSURE
Pot"*sure`, a.

Defn: Made confident by drink. [Obs.]

POT-SURE
Pot"-sure` (-shur), a.

Defn: Made confident by drink. [Obs.]

POTT
Pott, n.

Defn: A size of paper. See under Paper.

POTTAGE
Pot"tage (; 48), n. Etym: [F. potage, fr. pot pot. See Pot, and cf.
Porridge, Porringer.]

Defn: A kind of food made by boiling vegetables or meat, or both
together, in water, until soft; a thick soup or porridge. [Written
also potage.] Chaucer.
Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage of lentils. Gen. xxv. 34.

POTTAIN
Pot"tain, n.

Defn: Old pot metal. [Obs.] Holland.

POTTEEN
Pot*teen", n.

Defn: See Poteen.

POTTER
Pot"ter, n. Etym: [Cf. F. potier.]

1. One whose occupation is to make earthen vessels. Ps. ii. 9.
The potter heard, and stopped his wheel. Longfellow.

2. One who hawks crockery or earthenware. [Prov. Eng.] De Quincey.

3. One who pots meats or other eatables.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The red-bellied terrapin. See Terrapin. Potter's asthma (Med.),
emphysema of the lungs; -- so called because very prevalent among
potters. Parkers.
 -- Potter's clay. See under Clay.
 -- Potter's field, a public burial place, especially in a city, for
paupers, unknown persons, and criminals; -- so named from the field
south of Jerusalem, mentioned in Matt. xxvii. 7.
 -- Potter's ore. See Alquifou.
 -- Potter's wheel, a horizontal revolving disk on which the clay is
molded into form with the hands or tools. "My thoughts are whirled
like a potter's wheel." Shak. Potter wasp (Zoöl.), a small solitary
wasp (Eumenes fraternal) which constructs a globular nest of mud and
sand in which it deposits insect larvæ, such as cankerworms, as food
for its young.

POTTER
Pot"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pottered; p. pr. & vb. n. Pottering.]
Etym: [Cf. W. pwtio to poke, or OD. poteren to search one thoroughly,
Sw. påta, peta, to pick, E. pother, put.]

1. To busy one's self with trifles; to labor with little purpose,
energy, of effect; to trifle; to pother.
Pottering about the Mile End cottages. Mrs. Humphry Ward.

2. To walk lazily or idly; to saunter.

POTTER
Pot"ter, v. t.

Defn: To poke; to push; also, to disturb; to confuse; to bother.
[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

POTTERN
Pot"tern, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to potters. Pottern ore, a species of ore
which, from its aptness to vitrify like the glazing of potter's
wares, the miners call by this name. Boyle.

POTTERY
Pot"ter*y, n.; pl. Potteries. Etym: [F. poterie, fr. pot. See Pot.]

1. The vessels or ware made by potters; earthenware, glazed and
baked.

2. The place where earthen vessels are made.

POTTING
Pot"ting, n.

1. Tippling. [Obs.] Shak.

2. The act of placing in a pot; as, the potting of plants; the
potting of meats for preservation.

3. The process of putting sugar in casks for cleansing and draining.
[West Indies] B. Edwards.

POTTLE
Pot"tle, n. Etym: [OE. potel, OF. potel, dim. of pot. See Pot.]

1. A liquid measure of four pints.

2. A pot or tankard. Shak.
A dry pottle of sack before him. Sir W. Scott.

3. A vessel or small basket for holding fruit.
He had a . . . pottle of strawberries in one hand. Dickens.
Pottle draught, taking a pottle of liquor at one draught. [ Prov.
Eng.] Halliwell.

POTTO
Pot"to, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A nocturnal mammal (Perodictius potto) of the Lemur family, found
in West Africa. It has rudimentary forefingers. Called also aposoro,
and bush dog.
(b) The kinkajou.

POTT'S DISEASE
Pott's" dis*ease". (Med.)

Defn: Caries of the vertebræ, frequently resulting in curvature of
the spine and paralysis of the lower extremities; -- so named from
Percival Pott, an English surgeon. Pott's fracture, a fracture of the
lower end of the fibula, with displacement of the tibia. Dunglison.

POTULENT
Pot"u*lent, a. Etym: [L. potulentus, fr. potus a drinking, drink, fr.
potare to drink.]

1. Fit to drink; potable. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. Nearly drunk; tipsy. [Obs.]

POT-VALIANT
Pot"-val`iant, a.

Defn: Having the courage given by drink. Smollett.

POT-WALLOPER
Pot"-wal`lop*er, n.

1. A voter in certain boroughs of England, where, before the passage
of the reform bill of 1832, the qualification for suffrage was to
have boiled (walloped) his own pot in the parish for six months.

2. One who cleans pots; a scullion. [Slang, U. S.]

POUCH
Pouch, n. Etym: [F. poche a pocket, pouch, bag; probably of Teutonic
origin. See Poke a bag, and cf. Poach to cook eggs, to plunder.]

1. A small bag; usually, a leathern bag; as, a pouch for money; a
shot pouch; a mail pouch, etc.

2. That which is shaped like, or used as, a pouch; as:
(a) A protuberant belly; a paunch; -- so called in ridicule.
(b) (Zoöl.) A sac or bag for carrying food or young; as, the cheek
pouches of certain rodents, and the pouch of marsupials.
(c) (Med.) A cyst or sac containing fluid. S. Sharp.
(d) (Bot.) A silicle, or short pod, as of the shepherd's purse.
(e) A bulkhead in the hold of a vessel, to prevent grain, etc., from
shifting. Pouch mouth, a mouth with blubbered or swollen lips.

POUCH
Pouch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pouched; p. pr. & vb. n. Pouching.]

1. To put or take into a pouch.

2. To swallow; -- said of fowls. Derham.

3. To pout. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

4. To pocket; to put up with. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

POUCHED
Pouched, a. (Zoöl.)
(a) Having a marsupial pouch; as, the pouched badger, or the wombat.
(b) Having external cheek pouches; as, the pouched gopher.
(c) Having internal cheek pouches; as, the pouched squirrels. Pouched
dog. (Zoöl.) See Zebra wolf, under Zebra.
 -- Pouched frog (Zoöl.), the nototrema, the female of which has a
dorsal pouch in which the eggs are hatched, and in which the young
pass through their brief tadpole stage.
 -- Pouched gopher, or Pouched rat. (Zoöl.) See Pocket gopher, under
Pocket.
 -- Pouched mouse. (Zoöl.) See Pocket mouse, under Pocket.

POUCHET BOX
Pou"chet box`.

Defn: See Pouncet box.

POUCH-MOUTHED
Pouch"-mouthed`, a.

Defn: Having a pouch mouth; blobber-lipped.

POUCHONG
Pou*chong", n.

Defn: A superior kind of souchong tea. De Colange.

POUCH-SHELL
Pouch"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small British and American pond snail (Bulinus hypnorum).

POUDRE
Pou"dre, n. Etym: [See Powder.]

Defn: Dust; powder. [Obs.] Chaucer. Poudre marchant Etym: [see
Merchant], a kind of flavoring powder used in the Middle Ages. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

POUDRETTE
Pou*drette", n. Etym: [F., dim. of poudre dust, powder. See Powder.]

Defn: A manure made from night soil, dried and mixed with charcoal,
gypsum, etc.

POUF; POUFFE
Pouf  Pouffe (poof), n. [Written also pouff.] [F. pouf. Cf. Puff, n.]
Lit., a puff; specif.:
 (a) A soft cushion, esp. one circular in shape and not, like a
pilow, of bag form, or thin at the edges.
 (b) A piece of furniture like an ottoman, generally circular and
affording cushion seats on all sides.

POULAINE
Pou*laine", n. Etym: [F. soulier à la poulaine.]

Defn: A long pointed shoe. See Cracowes.

POULARD
Pou*lard" (poo*lärd"), n. [F. poularde pullet, fr. poule hen. See
Pullet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A pullet from which the ovaries have been removed to produce
fattening; hence, a fat pullet.

POULDAVIS
Poul"da`vis, n.

Defn: Same as Poledavy. [Obs.]

POULDER
Poul"der, n. & v.

Defn: Powder. [Obs.]

POULDRON
Poul"dron, n.

Defn: See Pauldron.

POULP; POULPE
Poulp, Poulpe, n. Etym: [F. poulpe, fr. L. polypus. See Polyp.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Octopus. Musk poulp (Zoöl.), a Mediterranean octopod
(Eledone moschata) which emits a strong odor of musk.

POULT
Poult, n. Etym: [OF. pulte, F. poulet, dim. of poule fowl. See
Pullet.]

Defn: A young chicken, partridge, grouse, or the like. King. Chapman.
Starling the heath poults or black game. R. Jefferise.

POULTER
Poul"ter, n. Etym: [OE. pulter. See Poult.]

Defn: A poulterer. [Obs.] Shak.

POULTERER
Poul"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who deals in poultry.

POULTICE
Poul"tice, n. Etym: [L. puls, pl. pultes, a thick pap; akin to Gr.
po`ltos. Cf. Pulse seeds.]

Defn: A soft composition, as of bread, bran, or a mucilaginous
substance, to be applied to sores, inflamed parts of the body, etc.;
a cataplasm. "Poultice relaxeth the pores." Bacon.

POULTICE
Poul"tice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poulticed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Poulticing.]

Defn: To apply a poultice to; to dress with a poultice.

POULTIVE
Poul"tive, n.

Defn: A poultice. [Obs.] W. Temple.

POULTRY
Poul"try, n. Etym: [From Poult.]

Defn: Domestic fowls reared for the table, or for their eggs or
feathers, such as cocks and hens, capons, turkeys, ducks, and geese.

POUNCE
Pounce, n. Etym: [F. ponce pumice, pounce, fr. L. pumex, -icis,
pumice. See Pumice.]

1. A fine powder, as of sandarac, or cuttlefish bone, -- formerly
used to prevent ink from spreading on manuscript.

2. Charcoal dust, or some other colored powder for making patterns
through perforated designs, -- used by embroiderers, lace makers,
etc. Pounce box, a box for sprinkling pounce.
 -- Pounce paper, a transparent paper for tracing.

POUNCE
Pounce, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Pouncing.]

Defn: To sprinkle or rub with pounce; as, to pounce paper, or a
pattern.

POUNCE
Pounce, n. Etym: [Prob. through French, from an assumed LL. punctiare
to prick, L. pungere, punctum. See Puncheon, Punch, v. t.]

1. The claw or talon of a bird of prey. Spenser. Burke.

2. A punch or stamp. [Obs.] "A pounce to print money with." Withals.

3. Cloth worked in eyelet holes. [Obs.] Homilies.

POUNCE
Pounce, v. t.

1. To strike or seize with the talons; to pierce, as with the talons.
[Archaic]
Stooped from his highest pitch to pounce a wren. Cowper.
Now pounce him lightly, And as he roars and rages, let's go deeper.
J. Fletcher.

2. To punch; to perforate; to stamp holes in, or dots on, by way of
ornament. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

POUNCE
Pounce, v. i.

Defn: To fall suddenly and seize with the claws; -- with on or upon;
as, a hawk pounces upon a chicken. Also used figuratively.
Derision is never so agonizing as when it pounces on the wanderings
of misguided sensibility. Jeffrey.

POUNCED
Pounced, a.

1. Furnished with claws or talons; as, the pounced young of the
eagle. Thomson.

2. Ornamented with perforations or dots. [Obs.] "Gilt bowls pounced
and pierced." Holinshed.

POUNCET BOX
Poun"cet box`. Etym: [Cf. F. poncette, fr. ponce pounce. See Pounce a
powder.]

Defn: A box with a perforated lid, for sprinkling pounce, or for
holding perfumes. Shak.

POUNCING
Poun"cing, n.

1. The art or practice of transferring a design by means of pounce.

2. Decorative perforation of cloth. [Obs.]

POUND
Pound, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Pounding.] Etym:
[OE. pounen, AS. punian to bruise. Cf. Pun a play on words.]

1. To strike repeatedly with some heavy instrument; to beat.
With cruel blows she pounds her blubbered cheeks. Dryden.

2. To comminute and pulverize by beating; to bruise or break into
fine particles with a pestle or other heavy instrument; as, to pound
spice or salt.

POUND
Pound, v. i.

1. To strike heavy blows; to beat.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: To make a jarring noise, as in running; as, the engine pounds.

POUND
Pound, n. Etym: [AS. pund an inclosure: cf. forpyndan to turn away,
or to repress, also Icel. pynda to extort, torment, Ir. pont, pond,
pound. Cf. Pinder, Pinfold, Pin to inclose, Pond.]

1. An inclosure, maintained by public authority, in which cattle or
other animals are confined when taken in trespassing, or when going
at large in violation of law; a pinfold. Shak.

2. A level stretch in a canal between locks.

3. (Fishing)

Defn: A kind of net, having a large inclosure with a narrow entrance
into which fish are directed by wings spreading outward. Pound
covert, a pound that is close or covered over, as a shed.
 -- Pound overt, a pound that is open overhead.

POUND
Pound, v. t.

Defn: To confine in, or as in, a pound; to impound. Milton.

POUND
Pound, n; pl. Pounds, collectively Pound pr Pounds. Etym: [AS. pund,
fr. L. pondo, akin to pondus a weight, pendere top weigh. See
Pendant.]

1. A certain specified weight; especially, a legal standard
consisting of an established number of ounces.

Note: The pound in general use in the United States and in England is
the pound avoirdupois, which is divided into sixteen ounces, and
contains 7,000 grains. The pound troy is divided into twelve ounces,
and contains 5,760 grains. 144 pounds avoirdupois are equal to 175
pounds troy weight. See Avoirdupois, and Troy.

2. A British denomination of money of account, equivalent to twenty
shillings sterling, and equal in value to about $4.86. There is no
coin known by this name, but the gold sovereign is of the same value.

Note: The pound sterling was in Saxon times, about A. D. 671, a pound
troy of silver, and a shilling was its twentieth part; consequently
the latter was three times as large as it is at present. Peacham.

POUNDAGE
Pound"age, n.

1. A sum deducted from a pound, or a certain sum paid for each pound;
a commission.

2. A subsidy of twelve pence in the pound, formerly granted to the
crown on all goods exported or imported, and if by aliens, more.
[Eng.] Blackstone.

3. (Law)

Defn: The sum allowed to a sheriff or other officer upon the amount
realized by an execution; -- estimated in England, and formerly in
the United States, at so much of the pound. Burrill. Bouvier.

POUNDAGE
Pound"age, v. t.

Defn: To collect, as poundage; to assess, or rate, by poundage. [R.]

POUNDAGE
Pound"age, n. Etym: [See 3d Pound.]

1. Confinement of cattle, or other animals, in a public pound.

2. A charge paid for the release of impounded cattle.

POUNDAL
Pound"al, n. Etym: [From 5th Pound.] (Physics & Mech.)

Defn: A unit of force based upon the pound, foot, and second, being
the force which, acting on a pound avoirdupois for one second, causes
it to acquire by the of that time a velocity of one foot per second.
It is about equal to the weight of half an ounce, and is 13,825
dynes.

POUND-BREACH
Pound"-breach`, n.

Defn: The breaking of a public pound for releasing impounded animals.
Blackstone.

POUNDCAKE
Pound"cake`, n.

Defn: A kind of rich, sweet cake; -- so called from the ingredients
being used by pounds, or in equal quantities.

POUNDER
Pound"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, pounds, as a stamp in an ore mill.

2. An instrument used for pounding; a pestle.

3. A person or thing, so called with reference to a certain number of
pounds in value, weight, capacity, etc.; as, a cannon carrying a
twelve-pound ball is called a twelve pounder.

Note: Before the English reform act of 1867, one who was an elector
by virtue of paying ten pounds rent was called a ten pounder.

POUNDING
Pound"ing, n.

1. The act of beating, bruising, or breaking up; a beating.

2. A pounded or pulverized substance. [R.] "Covered with the
poundings of these rocks." J. S. Blackie.

POUNDKEEPER; POUND-KEEPER
Pound"keep`er, n.

Defn: The keeper of a pound.

POUNDRATE
Pound"*rate`, n.

Defn: A rate or proportion estimated at a certain amount for each
pound; poundage.

POUP
Poup, v. i.

Defn: See Powp. [Obs.] Chaucer.

POUPART'S LIGAMENT
Pou*part's" lig"a*ment. (Anat.)

Defn: A ligament, of fascia, extending, in most mammals, from the
ventral side of the ilium to near the symphysis of the pubic bones.

POUPETON
Pou"pe*ton, n. Etym: [See Puppet.]

Defn: A puppet, or little baby. [Obs.] Palsgrave.

POUR
Pour, a.

Defn: Poor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

POUR
Pour, v. i.

Defn: To pore. [Obs.] Chaucer.

POUR
Pour, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poured; p. pr. & vb. n. Pouring.] Etym:
[OE. pouren, of uncertain origin; cf. W. bwrw to cast, throw, shed,
bwrw gwlaw to rain.]

1. To cause to flow in a stream, as a liquid or anything flowing like
a liquid, either out of a vessel or into it; as, to pour water from a
pail; to pour wine into a decanter; to pour oil upon the waters; to
pour out sand or dust.

2. To send forth as in a stream or a flood; to emit; to let escape
freely or wholly.
I . . . have poured out my soul before the Lord. 1 Sam. i. 15.
Now will I shortly pour out my fury upon thee. Ezek. vii. 8.
London doth pour out her citizens ! Shak.
Wherefore did Nature pour her bounties forth With such a full and
unwithdrawing hand Milton.

3. To send forth from, as in a stream; to discharge uninterruptedly.
Is it for thee the linnet pours his throat Pope.

POUR
Pour, v. i.

Defn: To flow, pass, or issue in a stream, or as a stream; to fall
continuously and abundantly; as, the rain pours; the people poured
out of the theater.
In the rude throng pour on with furious pace. Gay.

POUR
Pour, n.

Defn: A stream, or something like a stream; a flood. [Colloq.] "A
pour of rain." Miss Ferrier.

POURELICHE
Poure"liche`, adv.

Defn: Poorly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

POURER
Pour"er, n.

Defn: One who pours.

POURLIEU
Pour"lieu, n.

Defn: See Purlieu.

POURPARLER
Pour`par`ler", n. Etym: [F.] (Diplomacy)

Defn: A consultation preliminary to a treaty.

POURPARTY
Pour`par"ty, n.; pl. Pourparties. Etym: [See Purparty.] (Law)

Defn: A division; a divided share. To make pourparty, to divide and
apportion lands previously held in common.

POURPOINT
Pour"point, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A quilted military doublet or gambeson worn in the 14th and
15th centuries; also, a name for the doublet of the 16th and 17th
centuries worn by civilians.

POURPRESTURE
Pour*pres"ture, n. (Law)

Defn: See Purpresture.

POURSUIVANT
Pour"sui*vant, n.

Defn: See Pursuivant.

POURTRAY
Pour*tray", v. t.

Defn: See Portray.

POURVEYANCE
Pour*vey"ance, n.

Defn: See Purveyance.

POUSSE
Pousse, n.

Defn: Pulse; pease. [Obs.] Spenser.

POUSSE-CAFE
Pousse"-ca`fé", n. [F., fr. pousser to push + café coffee.]

Defn: A drink served after coffee at dinner, usually one of several
liqueurs, or cordials, of different specific gravities poured so as
to remain separate in layers; hence, such a drink of cordials served
at any time.

POUSSETTE
Pous*sette", n. Etym: [F., pushpin, fr. pousser to push. See Push.]

Defn: A movement, or part of a figure, in the contradance. Dickens.

POUSSETTE
Pous*sette", v. i.

Defn: To perform a certain movement in a dance. [R.] Tennyson.
Down the middle, up again, poussette, and cross. J. & H. Smith.

POU STO
Pou sto (poo sto; pou sto). [Gr. poy^ stw^ where I may stand; -- from
the reputed saying of Archimedes, "Give me where I may stand and I
will move the whole world with my steelyard."]

Defn: A place to stand upon; a locus standi; hence, a foundation or
basis for operations.

POUT
Pout, n. Etym: [F. poulet. See Poult.]

Defn: The young of some birds, as grouse; a young fowl. Carew.

POUT
Pout, v. i.

Defn: To shoot pouts. [Scot.]

POUT
Pout, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pouting.] Etym:
[OE. pouten, of uncertain origin; cf. Prov. pot lip, Prov. F. potte,
faire la potte to pout, W. pwdu to pout, be sullen, poten, potten, a
paunch, belly.]

1. To thrust out the lips, as in sullenness or displeasure; hence, to
look sullen.
Thou poutest upon thy fortune and thy love. Shak.

2
2

Defn: To protrude. "Pouting lips." Dryden.

POUT
Pout, n.

Defn: A sullen protrusion of the lips; a fit of sullenness. "Jack's
in the pouts." J. & H. Smith.

POUT
Pout, n. Etym: [Cf. Eelpout.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European whiting pout or bib. Eel pout. (Zoöl.) See
Eelpout.
 -- Horn pout, or Horned pout. (Zoöl.) See Bullhead (b).

POUTER
Pout"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, pouts.

2. Etym: [Cf. E. pout, and G. puter turkey.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of the domestic pigeon remarkable for the extent to
which it is able to dilate its throat and breast.

POUTING
Pout"ing, n.

Defn: Childish sullenness.

POUTINGLY
Pout"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pouting, or a sullen, manner.

POVERT
Pov"ert, n.

Defn: Poverty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

POVERTY
Pov"er*ty, n. Etym: [OE. poverte, OF. poverté, F. pauvreté, fr. L.
paupertas, fr. pauper poor. See Poor.]

1. The quality or state of being poor or indigent; want or scarcity
of means of subsistence; indigence; need. "Swathed in numblest
poverty." Keble.
The drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty. Prov. xxiii. 21.

2. Any deficiency of elements or resources that are needed or
desired, or that constitute richness; as, poverty of soil; poverty of
the blood; poverty of ideas. Poverty grass (Bot.), a name given to
several slender grasses (as Aristida dichotoma, and Danthonia
spicata) which often spring up on old and worn-out fields.

Syn.
 -- Indigence; penury; beggary; need; lack; want; scantiness;
sparingness; meagerness; jejuneness. Poverty, Indigence, Pauperism.
Poverty is a relative term; what is poverty to a monarch, would be
competence for a day laborer. Indigence implies extreme distress, and
almost absolute destitution. Pauperism denotes entire dependence upon
public charity, and, therefore, often a hopeless and degraded state.

POWAN; POWEN
Pow"an, Pow"en, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small British lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeoides, or C.
ferus); -- called also gwyniad and lake herring.

POWDER
Pow"der, n. Etym: [OE. poudre, pouldre, F. poudre, OF. also poldre,
puldre, L. pulvis, pulveris: cf. pollen fine flour, mill dust, E.
pollen. Cf. Polverine, Pulverize.]

1. The fine particles to which any dry substance is reduced by
pounding, grinding, or triturating, or into which it falls by decay;
dust.
Grind their bones to powder small. Shak.

2. An explosive mixture used in gunnery, blasting, etc.; gunpowder.
See Gunpowder. Atlas powder, Baking powder, etc. See under Atlas,
Baking, etc.
 -- Powder down (Zoöl.), the peculiar dust, or exfoliation, of
powder-down feathers.
 -- Powder-down feather (Zoöl.), one of a peculiar kind of modified
feathers which sometimes form patches on certain parts of some birds.
They have a greasy texture and a scaly exfoliation.
 -- Powder-down patch (Zoöl.), a tuft or patch of powder-down
feathers.
 -- Powder hose, a tube of strong linen, about an inch in diameter,
filled with powder and used in firing mines. Farrow.
 -- Powder hoy (Naut.), a vessel specially fitted to carry powder for
the supply of war ships. They are usually painted red and carry a red
flag.
 -- Powder magazine, or Powder room. See Magazine, 2.
 -- Powder mine, a mine exploded by gunpowder. See Mine.
 -- Powder monkey (Naut.), a boy formerly employed on war vessels to
carry powder; a powder boy.
 -- Powder post. See Dry rot, under Dry.
 -- Powder puff. See Puff, n.

POWDER
Pow"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Powdered; p. pr. & vb. n. Powdering.]
Etym: [F. poudrer.]

1. To reduce to fine particles; to pound, grind, or rub into a
powder; to comminute; to pulverize; to triturate.

2. To sprinkle with powder, or as with powder; to be sprinkle; as, to
powder the hair.
A circling zone thou seest Powdered with stars. Milton.

3. To sprinkle with salt; to corn, as meat. [Obs.]

POWDER
Pow"der, v. i.

1. To be reduced to powder; to become like powder; as, some salts
powder easily.

2. To use powder on the hair or skin; as, she paints and powders.

POWDERED
Pow"dered, a.

1. Reduced to a powder; sprinkled with, or as with, powder.

2. Sprinkled with salt; salted; corned. [Obs.]
Powdered beef, pickled meats. Harvey.

3. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Semé. Walpole.

POWDERFLASK
Pow"der*flask`, n.

Defn: A flask in which gunpowder is carried, having a charging tube
at the end.

POWDERHORN
Pow"der*horn`, n.

Defn: A horn in which gunpowder is carried.

POWDERING
Pow"der*ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Powder, v. t. Powdering tub. (a) A tub or vessel
in which meat is corned or salted. (b) A heated tub in which an
infected lecher was placed for cure. [Obs.] Shak.

POWDERMILL
Pow"der*mill`, n.

Defn: A mill in which gunpowder is made.

POWDER-POSTED
Pow"der-post`ed, a.

Defn: Affected with dry rot; reduced to dust by rot. See Dry rot,
under Dry. [U.S.]

POWDERY
Pow"der*y, a.

1. Easily crumbling to pieces; friable; loose; as, a powdery spar.

2. Sprinkled or covered with powder; dusty; as, the powdery bloom on
plums.

3. Resembling powder; consisting of powder. "The powdery snow."
Wordsworth.

POWDIKE
Pow"dike, n. Etym: [Scot. pow, pou, a pool, a watery or marshy place,
fr. E. pool.]

Defn: A dike a marsh or fen. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

POWDRY
Pow"dry, a.

Defn: See Powdery.

POWER
Pow"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Poor, the fish.

POWER
Pow"er, n. Etym: [OE. pouer, poer, OF. poeir, pooir, F. pouvoir, n. &
v., fr. LL. potere, for L. posse, potesse, to be able, to have power.
See Possible, Potent, and cf. Posse comitatus.]

1. Ability to act, regarded as latent or inherent; the faculty of
doing or performing something; capacity for action or performance;
capability of producing an effect, whether physical or moral:
potency; might; as, a man of great power; the power of capillary
attraction; money gives power. "One next himself in power, and next
in crime." Milton.

2. Ability, regarded as put forth or exerted; strength, force, or
energy in action; as, the power of steam in moving an engine; the
power of truth, or of argument, in producing conviction; the power of
enthusiasm. "The power of fancy." Shak.

3. Capacity of undergoing or suffering; fitness to be acted upon;
susceptibility; -- called also passive power; as, great power of
endurance.
Power, then, is active and passive; faculty is active power or
capacity; capacity is passive power. Sir W. Hamilton.

4. The exercise of a faculty; the employment of strength; the
exercise of any kind of control; influence; dominion; sway; command;
government.
Power is no blessing in itself but when it is employed to protect the
innocent. Swift.

5. The agent exercising an ability to act; an individual invested
with authority; an institution, or government, which exercises
control; as, the great powers of Europe; hence, often, a superhuman
agent; a spirit; a divinity. "The powers of darkness." Milton.
And the powers of the heavens shall be shaken. Matt. xxiv. 29.

6. A military or naval force; an army or navy; a great host. Spenser.
Never such a power . . . Was levied in the body of a land. Shak.

7. A large quantity; a great number; as, a power o. [Colloq.]
Richardson.

8. (Mech.)
(a) The rate at which mechanical energy is exerted or mechanical work
performed, as by an engine or other machine, or an animal, working
continuously; as, an engine of twenty horse power.

Note: The English unit of power used most commonly is the horse
power. See Horse power.
(b) A mechanical agent; that from which useful mechanical energy is
derived; as, water power; steam power; hand power, etc.
(c) Applied force; force producing motion or pressure; as, the power
applied at one and of a lever to lift a weight at the other end.

Note: This use in mechanics, of power as a synonym for force, is
improper and is becoming obsolete.
(d) A machine acted upon by an animal, and serving as a motor to
drive other machinery; as, a dog power.

Note: Power is used adjectively, denoting, driven, or adapted to be
driven, by machinery, and not actuated directly by the hand or foot;
as, a power lathe; a power loom; a power press.

9. (Math.)

Defn: The product arising from the multiplication of a number into
itself; as, a square is the second power, and a cube is third power,
of a number.

10. ( (Metaph.)

Defn: Mental or moral ability to act; one of the faculties which are
possessed by the mind or soul; as, the power of thinking, reasoning,
judging, willing, fearing, hoping, etc. I. Watts.
The guiltiness of my mind, the sudden surprise of my powers, drove
the grossness . . . into a received belief. Shak.

11. (Optics)

Defn: The degree to which a lens, mirror, or any optical instrument,
magnifies; in the telescope, and usually in the microscope, the
number of times it multiplies, or augments, the apparent diameter of
an object; sometimes, in microscopes, the number of times it
multiplies the apparent surface.

12. (Law)

Defn: An authority enabling a person to dispose of an interest vested
either in himself or in another person; ownership by appointment.
Wharton.

13. Hence, vested authority to act in a given case; as, the business
was referred to a committee with power.

Note: Power may be predicated of inanimate agents, like the winds and
waves, electricity and magnetism, gravitation, etc., or of animal and
intelligent beings; and when predicated of these beings, it may
indicate physical, mental, or moral ability or capacity. Mechanical
powers. See under Mechanical.
 -- Power loom, or Power press. See Def. 8 (d), note.
 -- Power of attorney. See under Attorney.
 -- Power of a point (relative to a given curve) (Geom.), the result
of substituting the coördinates of any point in that expression which
being put equal to zero forms the equation of the curve; as, x2 + y2
- 100 is the power of the point x, y, relative to the circle x2 + y2
- 100 = 0.

POWERABLE
Pow"er*a*ble, a.

1. Capable of being effected or accomplished by the application of
power; possible. [R.] J. Young.

2. Capable of exerting power; powerful. Camden.

POWERFUL
Pow"er*ful, a.

1. Full of power; capable of producing great effects of any kind;
potent; mighty; efficacious; intense; as, a powerful man or beast; a
powerful engine; a powerful argument; a powerful light; a powerful
vessel.
The powerful grace that lies In herbs, plants, stones, and their true
qualities. Shak.

2. (Mining)

Defn: Large; capacious; -- said of veins of ore.

Syn.
 -- Mighty; strong; potent; forcible; efficacious; energetic;
intense.
 -- Pow"er*ful*ly, adv.
 -- Pow"er*ful*ness, n.

POWERLESS
Pow"er*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of power, force, or energy; weak; impotent; not able
to produce any effect.
 -- Pow"er*less*ly, adv.
 -- Pow"er*less*ness, n.

POWLDRON
Powl"dron, n. Etym: [OF. espauleron, from espaule shoulder, F.
épaule.]

Defn: Same as Pauldron.

POWP
Powp, v. i.

Defn: See Poop, v. i. [Obs.] Chaucer.

POWTER
Pow"ter, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Pouter.

POWWOW
Pow"wow`, n.

1. A priest, or conjurer, among the North American Indians.
Be it sagamore, sachem, or powwow. Longfellow.

2. Conjuration attended with great noise and confusion, and often
with feasting, dancing, etc., performed by Indians for the cure of
diseases, to procure success in hunting or in war, and for other
purposes.

3. Hence: Any assembly characterized by noise and confusion; a noisy
frolic or gathering. [Colloq. U. S.]

POWWOW
Pow"wow`, v. i.

1. To use conjuration, with noise and confusion, for the cure of
disease, etc., as among the North American Indians.

2. Hence: To hold a noisy, disorderly meeting. [Colloq. U. S.]

POX
Pox, n. Etym: [For pocks, OE. pokkes. See Pock. It is plural in form
but is used as a singular.] (Med.)

Defn: Strictly, a disease by pustules or eruptions of any kind, but
chiefly or wholly restricted to three or four diseases, -- the
smallpox, the chicken pox, and the vaccine and the venereal diseases.

Note: Pox, when used without an epithet, as in imprecations, formerly
signified smallpox; but it now signifies syphilis.

POX
Pox, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poxed; p. pr. & vb. n. Poxing.]

Defn: To infect with the pox, or syphilis.

POY
Poy, n. Etym: [OF. apui, apoi, a support, prop., staff, F. appui, fr.
OF. apuier, apoier, to support, F. appuyer, fr. à to (L. ad) + OF.
pui, poi, a rising ground, hill, L. podium. See Podium, Pew.]

1. A support; -- used in composition; as, teapoy.

2. A ropedancer's balancing pole. Johnson.

3. A long boat hook by which barges are propelled against the stream.
[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

POYNADO
Poy*na"do, n.

Defn: A poniard. [Obs.] Lyly.

POYND; POYNDER
Poynd, v., Poynd"er (, n.

Defn: See Poind, Poinder.

POY NETTE
Poy nette", n. Etym: [Cf. Point.]

Defn: A bodkin. [Obs.]

POYNTEL
Poyn"tel, n. Etym: [See Pointal.] (Arch.)

Defn: Paving or flooring made of small squares or lozenges set
diagonally. [Formerly written pointal.]

POYOU
Poy"ou, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American armadillo (Dasypus sexcinctus). Called also
sixbanded armadillo.

POZE
Poze, v. t.

Defn: See 5th Pose.

POZZUOLANA; POZZOLANA
Poz`zu*o*la"na, Poz`zo*la"*na, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: Volcanic ashes from Pozzuoli, in Italy, used in the manufacture
of a kind of mortar which hardens under water.

PRAAM
Praam, n. Etym: [D. praam; cf. G. prahm, F. prame; all of Slavonic
origin, from a word akin to E. fare. See Fare.] (Naut.)

Defn: A flat-bottomed boat or lighter, -- used in Holland and the
Baltic, and sometimes armed in case of war. [Written also pram, and
prame.]

PRACTIC
Prac"tic, a. Etym: [See Practical.]

1. Practical.

2. Artful; deceitful; skillful. [Obs.] "Cunning sleights and practick
knavery." Spenser.

PRACTICABILITY
Prac"ti*ca*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being practicable; practicableness;
feasibility. "The practicability of such a project." Stewart.

PRACTICABLE
Prac"ti*ca*ble, a. Etym: [LL. practicare to act, transact, fr. L.
practicus active, Gr. practicable, pratiquer to practice. See
Practical.]

1. That may be practiced or performed; capable of being done or
accomplished with available means or resources; feasible; as, a
practicable method; a practicable aim; a practicable good.

2. Capable of being used; passable; as, a practicable weapon; a
practicable road. Practicable breach (Mil.), a breach which admits of
approach and entrance by an assailing party.

Syn.
 -- Possible; feasible.
 -- Practicable, Possible. A thing may be possible, i. e., not
forbidden by any law of nature, and yet may not now be practicable
for want of the means requisite to its performance.
 -- Prac"ti*ca*ble*ness, n.
 -- Prac"ti*ca*bly, adv.

PRACTICAL
Prac"ti*cal, a. Etym: [L. practicus active, Gr. pratique, formerly
also practique. Cf. Pragmatic, Practice.]

1. Of or pertaining to practice or action.

2. Capable of being turned to use or account; useful, in distinction
from ideal or theoretical; as, practical chemistry. "Man's practical
understanding." South. "For all practical purposes." Macaulay.

3. Evincing practice or skill; capable of applying knowledge to some
useful end; as, a practical man; a practical mind.

4. Derived from practice; as, practical skill. Practical joke, a joke
put in practice; a joke the fun of which consists in something done,
in distinction from something said; esp., a trick played upon a
person.

PRACTICALITY
Prac`ti*cal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being practical; practicalness.

PRACTICALIZE
Prac"ti*cal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To render practical. [R.] "Practicalizing influences." J. S.
Mill.

PRACTICALLY
Prac"ti*cal*ly, adv.

Defn: 1. In a practical way; not theoretically; really; as, to look
at things practically; practically worthless.

2. By means of practice or use; by experience or experiment; as,
practically wise or skillful; practically acquainted with a subject.

3. In practice or use; as, a medicine practically safe; theoretically
wrong, but practically right. 4. Almost.

PRACTICALNESS
Prac"ti*cal*ness, n.

Defn: Same as Practicality.

PRACTICE
Prac"tice, n. Etym: [OE. praktike, practique, F. pratique, formerly
also, practique, LL. practica, fr. Gr. Practical, and cf. Pratique,
Pretty.]

1. Frequently repeated or customary action; habitual performance; a
succession of acts of a similar kind; usage; habit; custom; as, the
practice of rising early; the practice of making regular entries of
accounts; the practice of daily exercise.
A heart . . . exercised with covetous practices. 2 Pet. ii. 14.

2. Customary or constant use; state of being used.
Obsolete words may be revived when they are more sounding or more
significant than those in practice. Dryden.

3. Skill or dexterity acquired by use; expertness. [R.] "His nice
fence and his active practice." Shak.

4. Actual performance; application of knowledge; -- opposed to
theory.
There are two functions of the soul, -- contemplation and practice.
South.
There is a distinction, but no opposition, between theory and
practice; each, to a certain extent, supposes the other; theory is
dependent on practice; practice must have preceded theory. Sir W.
Hamilton.

5. Systematic exercise for instruction or discipline; as, the troops
are called out for practice; she neglected practice in music.

6. Application of science to the wants of men; the exercise of any
profession; professional business; as, the practice of medicine or
law; a large or lucrative practice.
Practice is exercise of an art, or the application of a science in
life, which application is itself an art. Sir W. Hamilton.

7. Skillful or artful management; dexterity in contrivance or the use
of means; art; stratagem; artifice; plot; -- usually in a bad sense.
[Obs.] Bacon.
He sought to have that by practice which he could not by prayer. Sir
P. Sidney.

8. (Math.)

Defn: A easy and concise method of applying the rules of arithmetic
to questions which occur in trade and business.

9. (Law)

Defn: The form, manner, and order of conducting and carrying on suits
and prosecutions through their various stages, according to the
principles of law and the rules laid down by the courts. Bouvier.

Syn.
 -- Custom; usage; habit; manner.

PRACTICE
Prac"tice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Practiced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Practicing.] Etym: [Often written practise, practised, practising.]

1. To do or perform frequently, customarily, or habitually; to make a
practice of; as, to practice gaming. "Incline not my heart . . .
practice wicked works." Ps. cxli. 4.

2. To exercise, or follow, as a profession, trade, art, etc., as, to
practice law or medicine.

2. To exercise one's self in, for instruction or improvement, or to
acquire discipline or dexterity; as, to practice gunnery; to practice
music.

4. To put into practice; to carry out; to act upon; to commit; to
execute; to do. "Aught but Talbot's shadow whereon to practice your
severity." Shak.
As this advice ye practice or neglect. Pope.

5. To make use of; to employ. [Obs.]
In malice to this good knight's wife, I practiced Ubaldo and Ricardo
to corrupt her. Massinger.

6. To teach or accustom by practice; to train.
In church they are taught to love God; after church they are
practiced to love their neighbor. Landor.

PRACTICE
Prac"tice, v. i. Etym: [Often written practise.]

1. To perform certain acts frequently or customarily, either for
instruction, profit, or amusement; as, to practice with the
broadsword or with the rifle; to practice on the piano. practise

2. To learn by practice; to form a habit.
They shall practice how to live secure. Milton.
Practice first over yourself to reign. Waller.

3. To try artifices or stratagems.
He will practice against thee by poison. Shak.

4. To apply theoretical science or knowledge, esp. by way of
experiment; to exercise or pursue an employment or profession, esp.
that of medicine or of law.
[I am] little inclined to practice on others, and as little that
others should practice on me. Sir W. Temple.

PRACTICED
Prac"ticed, a. Etym: [Often written practised.]

1. Experienced; expert; skilled; as, a practiced marksman. "A
practiced picklock." Ld. Lytton.

2. Used habitually; learned by practice.

PRACTICER
Prac"ti*cer, n. Etym: [Often written practiser.]

1. One who practices, or puts in practice; one who customarily
performs certain acts. South.

2. One who exercises a profession; a practitioner.

3. One who uses art or stratagem. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

PRACTICIAN
Prac*ti"cian, n. Etym: [F. praticien, OF. also practicien.]

Defn: One who is acquainted with, or skilled in, anything by
practice; a practitioner.

PRACTICK
Prac"tick, n.

Defn: Practice. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PRACTICO
Prac"ti*co, n.; pl. Practicos (#). [Sp., lit., experienced, skilled.
Cf. Practical.]

Defn: A guide. [Cuba & Phil. Islands]  D. C. Worcester.

PRACTISANT
Prac"ti*sant, n.

Defn: An agent or confederate in treachery. [Obs.] Shak.

PRACTISE
Prac"tise, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Practice.

Note: The analogy of the English language requires that the noun and
verb which are pronounced alike should agree in spelling. Thus we
have notice (n. & v.), noticed, noticing, noticer; poultice (n. &
v.); apprentice (n. & v.); office (n. & v.), officer (n.); lattice
(n.), latticed (a.); benefice (n.), beneficed (a.), etc. Cf.
sacrifice (surmise (promise (compromise (advice (advise (device
(devise (

PRACTISOUR
Prac"ti*sour, n.

Defn: A practitioner. [Obs.]

PRACTITIONER
Prac*ti"tion*er, n. Etym: [From Practician.]

1. One who is engaged in the actual use or exercise of any art or
profession, particularly that of law or medicine. Crabbe.

2. One who does anything customarily or habitually.

3. A sly or artful person. Whitgift. General practitioner. See under
General, 2.

PRACTIVE
Prac"tive, a.

Defn: Doing; active. [Obs.] Sylvester.
 -- Prac"tive*ly, adv. [Obs.]
The preacher and the people both, Then practively did thrive. Warner.

PRAD
Prad, n. Etym: [Cf. D. paard.]

Defn: A horse. [Colloq. Eng.]

PRAE-
Præ-.

Defn: A prefix. See Pre-.

PRAECAVA
Præ"ca`va, n. Etym: [NL. See Pre-, and 1st Cave.] (Anat.)

Defn: The superior vena cava.
 -- Præ"ca`val, a. B. G. Wilder.

PRAECIPE
Præc"i*pe, n. Etym: [L., imperative of praecipere to give rules or
precepts. See Precept.] (Law)
(a) A writ commanding something to be done, or requiring a reason for
neglecting it.
(b) A paper containing the particulars of a writ, lodged in the
office out of which the writ is to be issued. Wharton.

PRAECOCES
Præ"co*ces, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Precocious.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of birds including those whose young are able to run
about when first hatched.

PRAECOCIAL
Præ*co"cial, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Præcoces.

PRAECOGNITA
Præ*cog"ni*ta, n. pl. Etym: [L. praecognitus, p. p. of praecognoscere
to foreknow. See Pre-, and Cognition.]

Defn: This previously known, or which should be known in order to
understand something else.

PRAECOMMISSURE
Præ*com"mis*sure, n. Etym: [Pref. præ + commissure.] (Anat.)

Defn: A transverse commissure in the anterior part of the third
ventricle of the brain; the anterior cerebral commissure.

PRAECORACOID
Præ*cor"a*coid, n. (Anat.)

Defn: See Precoracoid.

PRAECORDIA
Præ*cor"di*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. prae before + cor, cordis, the
heart.] (Anat.)

Defn: The front part of the thoracic region; the epigastrium.

PRAECORDIAL
Præ*cor"di*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Precordial.

PRAECORNU
Præ*cor"nu, n.; pl. Præcornua. Etym: [NL. See Pre-, and Cornu.]
(Anat.)

Defn: The anterior horn of each lateral ventricle of the brain. B. G.
Wilder.

PRAEDIAL
Præ"di*al, a.

Defn: See Predial.

PRAEFLORATION
Præ`flo*ra"tion, n.

Defn: Same as Prefloration. Gray.

PRAEFOLIATION
Præ*fo`li*a"tion, n.

Defn: Same as Prefoliation. Gray.

PRAEMAXILLA
Præ`max*il"la, n.

Defn: See Premaxilla.

PRAEMOLAR
Præ*mo"lar, a.

Defn: See Premolar.

PRAEMORSE
Præ*morse", a.

Defn: Same as Premorse.

PRAEMUNIRE
Præm`u*ni"re, n. Etym: [Corrupted from L. praemonere to forewarn,
cite. See Admonish.] (Eng. Law)
(a) The offense of introducing foreign authority into England, the
penalties for which were originally intended to depress the civil
power of the pope in the kingdom.
(b) The writ grounded on that offense. Wharton.
(c) The penalty ascribed for the offense of præmunire.
Wolsey incurred a præmunire, and forfeited his honor, estate, and
life. South.

Note: The penalties of præmunire were subsequently applied to many
other offenses; but prosecutions upon a præmunire are at this day
unheard of in the English courts. Blackstone.

PRAEMUNIRE
Præm`u*ni"re, v. t.

1. The subject to the penalties of præmunire. [Obs.] T. Ward.

PRAEMUNITORY
Præ*mu"ni*to*ry, a.

Defn: See Premunitory.

PRAENARES
Præ*na"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pre-, Nares.] (Anat.)

Defn: The anterior nares. See Nares. B. G. Wilder.

PRAENASAL
Præ*na"sal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Prenasal.

PRAENOMEN
Præ*no"men, n.; pl. Prænomina. Etym: [L., fr. prae before + nomen
name.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The first name of a person, by which individuals of the same
family were distinguished, answering to our Christian name, as Caius,
Lucius, Marcus, etc.

PRAENOMINICAL
Præ`no*min"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a prænomen. [Obs.] M. A. Lower.

PRAEOPERCULUM
Præ`o*per"cu*lum, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Preoperculum.
 -- Præ`o*per"cu*lar, a.

PRAEORAL; PRAEPUBIS; PRAESCAPULA; PRAESCUTUM; PRAESTERNUM
Præ*o"ral, n., Præ*pu"bis, n., Præ*scap"u*la, n., Præ*scu"tum, n.,
Præ*ster"num, n.

Defn: Same as Preoral, Prepubis, Prescapula, etc.

PRAETER-
Præ"ter-.

Defn: A prefix. See Preter-.

PRAETERIST
Præt"er*ist, n. (Theol.)

Defn: See Preterist.

PRAETERMIT
Præ`ter*mit", v. t.

Defn: See Pretermit.

PRAETEXTA
Præ*tex"ta, n.; pl. Prætextæ, E. Prætextas. Etym: [L. (sc. toga), fr.
praetextus, p. p. of praetexere to weave before, to fringe, border;
prae before + texere to weave.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A white robe with a purple border, worn by a Roman boy before
he was entitled to wear the toga virilis, or until about the
completion of his fourteenth year, and by girls until their marriage.
It was also worn by magistrates and priests.

PRAETOR
Præ"tor, n.

Defn: See Pretor.

PRAETORES
Præ*to"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pretor.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of butterflies including the satyrs.

PRAETORIAN
Præ*to"ri*an, a.

Defn: See Pretorian.

PRAETORIUM
Præ*to"ri*um, n.

Defn: See Pretorium.

PRAEZYGAPOPHYSIS
Præ*zyg`a*poph"y*sis, n. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Prezygapophysis.

PRAGMATIC; PRAGMATICAL
Prag*mat"ic, Prag*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. pragmaticus busy, active,
skilled in business, especially in law and state affairs, systematic,
Gr. pragmatique. See Practical.]

1. Of or pertaining to business or to affairs; of the nature of
business; practical; material; businesslike in habit or manner.
The next day . . . I began to be very pragmatical. Evelyn.
We can not always be contemplative, diligent, or pragmatical, abroad;
but have need of some delightful intermissions. Milton.
Low, pragmatical, earthly views of the gospel. Hare.

2. Busy; specifically, busy in an objectionable way; officious; fussy
and positive; meddlesome. "Pragmatical officers of justice." Sir W.
Scott.
The fellow grew so pragmatical that he took upon him the government
of my whole family. Arbuthnot.

3. Philosophical; dealing with causes, reasons, and effects, rather
than with details and circumstances; -- said of literature.
"Pragmatic history." Sir W. Hamilton. "Pragmatic poetry." M. Arnold.
Pragmatic sanction, a solemn ordinance or decree issued by the head
or legislature of a state upon weighty matters; -- a term derived
from the Byzantine empire. In European history, two decrees under
this name are particularly celebrated. One of these, issued by
Charles VII. of France, A. D. 1438, was the foundation of the
liberties of the Gallican church; the other, issued by Charles VI. of
Germany, A. D. 1724, settled his hereditary dominions on his eldest
daughter, the Archduchess Maria Theresa.

PRAGMATIC
Prag*mat"ic, n.

1. One skilled in affairs.
My attorney and solicitor too; a fine pragmatic. B. Jonson.

2. A solemn public ordinance or decree.
A royal pragmatic was accordingly passed. Prescott.

PRAGMATICALLY
Prag*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pragmatical manner.

PRAGMATICALNESS
Prag*mat"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being pragmatical.

PRAGMATISM
Prag"ma*tism, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being pragmatic; in literature, the
pragmatic, or philosophical, method.
The narration of this apparently trifling circumstance belongs to the
pragmatism of the history. A. Murphy.

PRAGMATIST
Prag"ma*tist, n.

Defn: One who is pragmatic.

PRAGMATIZE
Prag"ma*tize, v. t.

Defn: To consider, represent, or embody (something unreal) as fact;
to materialize. [R.] "A pragmatized metaphor." Tylor.

PRAIRIAL
Prai`ri`al", n. Etym: [F., fr. prairie meadow.]

Defn: The ninth month of the French Republican calendar, which dated
from September 22, 1792. It began May, 20, and ended June 18. See
Vendemiaire.

PRAIRIE
Prai"rie, n. Etym: [F., an extensive meadow, OF. praerie, LL.
prataria, fr. L. pratum a meadow.]

1. An extensive tract of level or rolling land, destitute of trees,
covered with coarse grass, and usually characterized by a deep,
fertile soil. They abound throughout the Mississippi valley, between
the Alleghanies and the Rocky mountains.
From the forests and the prairies, From the great lakes of the
northland. Longfellow.

2. A meadow or tract of grass; especially, a so called natural
meadow. Prairie chicken (Zoöl.), any American grouse of the genus
Tympanuchus, especially T. Americanus (formerly T. cupido), which
inhabits the prairies of the central United States. Applied also to
the sharp-tailed grouse.
 -- Prairie clover (Bot.), any plant of the leguminous genus
Petalostemon, having small rosy or white flowers in dense terminal
heads or spikes. Several species occur in the prairies of the United
States.
 -- Prairie dock (Bot.), a coarse composite plant (Silphium
terebinthaceum) with large rough leaves and yellow flowers, found in
the Western prairies.
 -- Prairie dog (Zoöl.), a small American rodent (Cynomys
Ludovicianus) allied to the marmots. It inhabits the plains west of
the Mississippi. The prairie dogs burrow in the ground in large
warrens, and have a sharp bark like that of a dog. Called also
prairie marmot.
 -- Prairie grouse. Same as Prairie chicken, above.
 -- Prairie hare (Zoöl.), a large long-eared Western hare (Lepus
campestris). See Jack rabbit, under 2d Jack.
 -- Prairie hawk, Prairie falcon (Zoöl.), a falcon of Western North
America (Falco Mexicanus). The upper parts are brown. The tail has
transverse bands of white; the under parts, longitudinal streaks and
spots of brown.
 -- Prairie hen. (Zoöl.) Same as Prairie chicken, above.
 -- Prairie itch (Med.), an affection of the skin attended with
intense itching, which is observed in the Northern and Western United
States; -- also called swamp itch, winter itch.
 -- Prairie marmot. (Zoöl.) Same as Prairie dog, above.
 -- Prairie mole (Zoöl.), a large American mole (Scalops argentatus),
native of the Western prairies.
 -- Prairie pigeon, plover, or snipe (Zoöl.), the upland plover. See
Plover, n., 2.
 -- Prairie rattlesnake (Zoöl.), the massasauga.
 -- Prairie snake (Zoöl.), a large harmless American snake
(Masticophis flavigularis). It is pale yellow, tinged with brown
above.
 -- Prairie squirrel (Zoöl.), any American ground squirrel of the
genus Spermophilus, inhabiting prairies; -- called also gopher.
 -- Prairie turnip (Bot.), the edible turnip-shaped farinaceous root
of a leguminous plant (Psoralea esculenta) of the Upper Missouri
region; also, the plant itself. Called also pomme blanche, and pomme
de prairie.
 -- Prairie warbler (Zoöl.), a bright-colored American warbler
(Dendroica discolor). The back is olive yellow, with a group of
reddish spots in the middle; the under parts and the parts around the
eyes are bright yellow; the sides of the throat and spots along the
sides, black; three outer tail feathers partly white.
 -- Prairie wolf. (Zoöl.) See Coyote.

PRAIRIE STATE
Prai"rie State.

Defn: Illinois; -- a nickname.

PRAISABLE
Prais"a*ble, a.

Defn: Fit to be praised; praise-worthy; laudable; commendable. Wyclif
(2 Tim. ii. 15).

PRAISABLY
Prais"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a praisable manner.

PRAISE
Praise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Praised; p. pr. & vb. n. Praising.] Etym:
[OE. preisen, OF. preisier, prisier, F. priser, L. pretiare to prize,
fr. pretium price. See Price, n., and cf. Appreciate, Praise, n.,
Prize, v.]

1. To commend; to applaud; to express approbation of; to laud; --
applied to a person or his acts. "I praise well thy wit." Chaucer.
Let her own works praise her in the gates. Prov. xxxi. 31.
We praise not Hector, though his name, we know, Is great in arms; 't
is hard to praise a foe. Dryden.

2. To extol in words or song; to magnify; to glorify on account of
perfections or excellent works; to do honor to; to display the
excellence of; -- applied especially to the Divine Being.
Praise ye him, all his angels; praise ye him, all his hosts! Ps.
cxlviii. 2.

3. To value; to appraise. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Syn.
 -- To commend; laud; eulogize; celebrate; glorify; magnify.
 -- To Praise, Applaud, Extol. To praise is to set at high price; to
applaud is to greet with clapping; to extol is to bear aloft, to
exalt. We may praise in the exercise of calm judgment; we usually
applaud from impulse, and on account of some specific act; we extol
under the influence of high admiration, and usually in strong, if not
extravagant, language.

PRAISE
Praise, n. Etym: [OE. preis, OF. preis price, worth, value,
estimation. See Praise, v., Price.]

1. Commendation for worth; approval expressed; honor rendered because
of excellence or worth; laudation; approbation.
There are men who always confound the praise of goodness with the
practice. Rambler.

Note: Praise may be expressed by an individual, and thus differs from
fame, renown, and celebrity, which are always the expression of the
approbation of numbers, or public commendation.

2. Especially, the joyful tribute of gratitude or homage rendered to
the Divine Being; the act of glorifying or extolling the Creator;
worship, particularly worship by song, distinction from prayer and
other acts of worship; as, a service of praise.

3. The object, ground, or reason of praise.
He is thy praise, and he is thy God. Deut. x.

Syn.
 -- Encomium; honor; eulogy; panegyric; plaudit; applause; acclaim;
eclat; commendation; laudation.

PRAISEFUL
Praise"ful, a.

Defn: Praiseworthy. [Obs.]

PRAISEFUL
Praise"ful, a.

Defn: Praiseworthy. [Obs.]

PRAISELESS
Praise"less, a.

Defn: Without praise or approbation.

PRAISE-MEETING
Praise"-meet`*ing, n.

Defn: A religious service mainly in song. [Local, U. S.]

PRAISEMENT
Praise"ment, n.

Defn: Appraisement. [Obs.]

PRAISER
Prais"er, n.

1. One who praises. "Praisers of men." Sir P. Sidney.

2. An appraiser; a valuator. [Obs.] Sir T. North.

PRAISEWORTHILY
Praise"wor`thi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a praiseworthy manner. Spenser.

PRAISEWORTHINESS
Praise"wor`thi*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being praiseworthy.

PRAISEWORTHY
Praise"wor`thy, a.

Defn: Worthy of praise or applause; commendable; as, praiseworthy
action; he was praiseworthy. Arbuthnot.

PRAKRIT
Pra"krit, n. Etym: [Skr. prakrsta original, natural, usual, common,
vulgar.]

Defn: Any one of the popular dialects descended from, or akin to,
Sanskrit; -- in distinction from the Sanskrit, which was used as a
literary and learned language when no longer spoken by the people.
Pali is one of the Prakrit dialects.

PRAKRITIC
Pra*krit"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Prakrit.

PRALINE
Pra"line (prä"len), n. [F.]

Defn: A confection made of nut kernels, usually of almonds, roasted
in boiling sugar until brown and crisp.

Bonbons, pralines, . . . saccharine, crystalline substances of all
kinds and colors.
Du Maurier.

PRALLTRILLER
Prall"tril`ler, n.; G. pl. -triller. [G.] (Music)

Defn: A melodic embellishment consisting of the quick alternation of
a principal tone with an auxiliary tone above it, usually the next of
the scale; --called also the inverted mordente.

PRAM; PRAME
Pram, Prame, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Praam.

PRANCE
Prance, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pranced; p. pr. & vb. n. Prancing.] Etym:
[OE. prauncen; probably akin to prank, v. t. See Prank.]

1. To spring or bound, as a horse in high mettle.
Now rule thy prancing steed. Gay.

2. To ride on a prancing horse; to ride in an ostentatious manner.
The insulting tyrant prancing o'er the field. Addison.

3. To walk or strut about in a pompous, showy manner, or with warlike
parade. Swift.

PRANCER
Pran"cer, n.

Defn: A horse which prances.
Then came the captain . . . upon a brave prancer. Evelyn.

PRANDIAL
Pran"di*al, a. Etym: [L. prandium a repast.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a repast, especially to dinner.

PRANGOS
Pran"gos, n. Etym: [From the native name in Afghanistan.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of umbelliferous plants, one species of which (P.
pabularia), found in Thibet, Cashmere, Afghanistan, etc., has been
used as fodder for cattle. It has decompound leaves with very long
narrow divisions, and a highly fragrant smell resembling that of new
clover hay.

PRANK
Prank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pranked; p. pr. & vb. n. Pranking.] Etym:
[Cf. E. prink, also G. prangen, prunken, to shine, to make a show,
Dan. prange, prunke, Sw. prunka, D. pronken.]

Defn: To adorn in a showy manner; to dress or equip ostentatiously; -
- often followed by up; as, to prank up the body. See Prink.
In sumptuous tire she joyed herself to prank. Spenser.

PRANK
Prank, v. i.

Defn: To make ostentatious show.
White houses prank where once were huts. M. Arnold.

PRANK
Prank, n.

Defn: A gay or sportive action; a ludicrous, merry, or mischievous
trick; a caper; a frolic. Spenser.
The harpies . . . played their accustomed pranks. Sir W. Raleigh.
His pranks have been too broad to bear with. Shak.

PRANK
Prank, a.

Defn: Full of gambols or tricks. [Obs.]

PRANKER
Prank"er, n.

Defn: One who dresses showily; a prinker. "A pranker or a dancer."
Burton.

PRANKISH
Prank"ish, a.

Defn: Full of pranks; frolicsome.

PRASE
Prase, n. Etym: [L. prasius, fr. Gr. prase.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of cryptocrystalline of a leek-green color.

PRASEO-
Pra"se*o-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form signifying green; as, praseocobalt, a green
variety of cobalt.

PRASEODYMIUM
Pra`se*o*dym"i*um, n. Etym: [Praseo- + didymium.] (Chem.)

Defn: An elementary substance, one of the constituents of didymium; -
- so called from the green color of its salts. Symbol Ps. Atomic
weight 143.6.

PRASEOLITE
Pra"se*o*lite, n. Etym: [Praseo- + -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of altered iolite of a green color and greasy luster.

PRASINOUS
Pras"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. prasinus, Gr.

Defn: Grass-green; clear, lively green, without any mixture. Lindley.

PRASOID
Pra"soid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Min.)

Defn: Resembling prase.

PRATE
Prate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prated; p. pr. & vb. n. Prating.] Etym:
[Akin to LG. & D. praten, Dan. prate, Sw. & Icel. prata.]

Defn: To talk much and to little purpose; to be loquacious; to speak
foolishly; to babble.
To prate and talk for life and honor. Shak.
And make a fool presume to prate of love. Dryden.

PRATE
Prate, v. t.

Defn: To utter foolishly; to speak without reason or purpose; to
chatter, or babble.
What nonsense would the fool, thy master, prate, When thou, his
knave, canst talk at such a rate ! Dryden.

PRATE
Prate, n. Etym: [Akin to LG. & D. praat, Sw. prat.]

Defn: Talk to little purpose; trifling talk; unmeaning loquacity.
Sick of tops, and poetry, and prate. Pope.

PRATEFUL
Prate"ful, a.

Defn: Talkative. [R.] W. Taylor.

PRATER
Prat"er, n.

Defn: One who prates. Shak.

PRATIC
Prat"ic, n.

Defn: See Pratique.

PRATINCOLE
Pra"tin*cole, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird of the Old World genus Glareola, or family Glareolidæ,
allied to the plovers. They have long, pointed wings and a forked
tail.

PRATINGLY
Prat"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With idle talk; with loquacity.

PRATIQUE
Prat"ique, n. Etym: [F.; cf. It. pratica, Sp. practica. See
Practice.]

1. (Com.)

Defn: Primarily, liberty of converse; intercourse; hence, a
certificate, given after compliance with quarantine regulations,
permitting a ship to land passengers and crew; -- a term used
particularly in the south of Europe.

2. Practice; habits. [Obs.] "One of English education and pratique."
R. North.

PRATTLE
Prat"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prattled; p. pr. & vb. n. Prattling.]
Etym: [Freq. of prate.]

Defn: To talk much and idly; to prate; hence, to talk lightly and
artlessly, like a child; to utter child's talk.

PRATTLE
Prat"tle, v. t.

Defn: To utter as prattle; to babble; as, to prattle treason.
Addison.

PRATTLE
Prat"tle, n.

Defn: Trifling or childish tattle; empty talk; loquacity on trivial
subjects; prate; babble.
Mere prattle, without practice. Shak.

PRATTLEMENT
Prat"tle*ment, n.

Defn: Prattle. [R.] Jeffrey.

PRATTLER
Prat"tler, n.

Defn: One who prattles. Herbert.

PRAVITY
Prav"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. pravitas, from pravus crooked, perverse.]

Defn: Deterioration; degeneracy; corruption; especially, moral
crookedness; moral perversion; perverseness; depravity; as, the
pravity of human nature. "The pravity of the will." South.

PRAWN
Prawn, n. Etym: [OE. prane, of unknown origin; cf. L. perna a sea
mussel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of large shrimplike Crustacea
having slender legs and long antennæ. They mostly belong to the
genera Pandalus, Palæmon, Palæmonetes, and Peneus, and are much used
as food. The common English prawn in Palæmon serratus.

Note: The name is often applied to any large shrimp.

PRAXINOSCOPE
Prax*in"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Opt.)

Defn: An instrument, similar to the phenakistoscope, for presenting
to view, or projecting upon a screen, images the natural motions of
real objects.

PRAXIS
Prax"is, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Practice.]

1. Use; practice; especially, exercise or discipline for a specific
purpose or object. "The praxis and theory of music." Wood.

2. An example or form of exercise, or a collection of such examples,
for practice.

PRAY
Pray, n. & v.

Defn: See Pry. [Obs.] Spenser.

PRAY
Pray, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Praying.] Etym:
[OE. preien, OF. preier, F. prier, L. precari, fr. prex, precis, a
prayer, a request; akin to Skr. prach to ask, AS. frignan, frinan,
fricgan, G. fragen, Goth. fraíhnan. Cf. Deprecate, Imprecate,
Precarious.]

Defn: To make request with earnestness or zeal, as for something
desired; to make entreaty or supplication; to offer prayer to a deity
or divine being as a religious act; specifically, to address the
Supreme Being with adoration, confession, supplication, and
thanksgiving.
And to his goddess pitously he preyde. Chaucer.
When thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut thy
door, pray to thy Father which is in secret; and thy Father which
seeth in secret shall reward thee openly. Matt. vi. 6.
I pray, or (by ellipsis) Pray, I beg; I request; I entreat you; --
used in asking a question, making a request, introducing a petition,
etc.; as, Pray, allow me to go.
I pray, sir. why am I beaten Shak.

Syn.
 -- To entreat; supplicate; beg; implore; invoke; beseech; petition.

PRAY
Pray, v. t.

1. To address earnest request to; to supplicate; to entreat; to
implore; to beseech.
And as this earl was preyed, so did he. Chaucer.
We pray you . . . by ye reconciled to God. 2 Cor. v. 20.

2. To ask earnestly for; to seek to obtain by supplication; to
entreat for.
I know not how to pray your patience. Shak.

3. To effect or accomplish by praying; as, to pray a soul out of
purgatory. Milman. To pray in aid. (Law) (a) To call in as a helper
one who has an interest in the cause. Bacon. (b) A phrase often used
to signify claiming the benefit of an argument. See under Aid. Mozley
& W.

PRAYER
Pray"er, n.

Defn: One who prays; a supplicant.

PRAYER
Prayer (, n. Etym: [OE. preiere, OF. preiere, F. prière, fr. L.
precarius obtained by prayer, fr. precari to pray. See Pray, v. i.]

1. The act of praying, or of asking a favor; earnest request or
entreaty; hence, a petition or memorial addressed to a court or a
legislative body. "Their meek preyere." Chaucer

2. The act of addressing supplication to a divinity, especially to
the true God; the offering of adoration, confession, supplication,
and thanksgiving to the Supreme Being; as, public prayer; secret
prayer.
As he is famed for mildness, peace, and prayer. Shak.

3. The form of words used in praying; a formula of supplication; an
expressed petition; especially, a supplication addressed to God; as,
a written or extemporaneous prayer; to repeat one's prayers.
He made those excellent prayers which were published immediately
after his death. Bp. Fell.
Prayer book, a book containing devotional prayers.
 -- Prayer meeting, a meeting or gathering for prayer to God.

Syn.
 -- Petition; orison; supplication; entreaty; suit.

PRAYERFUL
Prayer"ful, a.

Defn: Given to prayer; praying much or often; devotional. "The
prayerful man." J. S. Blackie.
 -- Prayer"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Prayer"ful*ness, n.

PRAYERLESS
Prayer"less, a.

Defn: Not using prayer; habitually neglecting prayer to God; without
prayer. "The next time you go prayerless to bed." Baxter.
 -- Prayer"less*ly, adv.
 -- Prayer"less*ness, n.

PRAYING
Pray"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Pray, v. Praying insect, locust, or mantis
(Zoöl.), a mantis, especially Mantis religiosa. See Mantis.
 -- Praying machine, or Praying wheel, a wheel on which prayers are
pasted by Buddhist priests, who then put the wheel in rapid
revolution. Each turn in supposed to have the efficacy of an oral
repetition of all the prayers on the wheel. Sometimes it is moved by
a stream.

PRAYINGLY
Pray"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With supplication to God.

PRE-
Pre-. Etym: [L. prae, adv. & prep., before, akin to pro, and to E.
for, prep.: cf. F. pré-. See Pro-, and cf. Prior.]

Defn: A prefix denoting priority (of time, place, or rank); as,
precede, to go before; precursor, a forerunner; prefix, to fix or
place before; preëminent eminent before or above others. Pre- is
sometimes used intensively, as in prepotent, very potent. [Written
also præ-.]

PREACCUSATION
Pre*ac`cu*sa"tion, n.

Defn: Previous accusation.

PREACE
Preace, v. & n.

Defn: Press. [Obs.] Spenser.

PREACH
Preach, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Preached; p. pr. & vb. n. Preaching.]
Etym: [OE. prechen, OF. preechier, F. prêcher, fr. L. praedicare to
cry in public, to proclaim; prae before + dicare to make known,
dicere to say; or perhaps from (assumed) LL. praedictare. See
Diction, and cf. Predicate, Predict.]

1. To proclaim or publish tidings; specifically, to proclaim the
gospel; to discourse publicly on a religious subject, or from a text
of Scripture; to deliver a sermon.
How shall they preach, except they be sent Rom. x. 15.
From that time Jesus began to preach. Matt. iv. 17.

2. To give serious advice on morals or religion; to discourse in the
manner of a preacher.

PREACH
Preach, v. t.

1. To proclaim by public discourse; to utter in a sermon or a formal
religious harangue.
That Cristes gospel truly wolde preche. Chaucer.
The Lord hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek. Isa.
lxi. 1.

2. To inculcate in public discourse; to urge with earnestness by
public teaching. "I have preached righteousness in the great
congregation." Ps. xl. 9.

3. To deliver or pronounce; as, to preach a sermon.

4. To teach or instruct by preaching; to inform by preaching. [R.]
"As ye are preached." Southey.

5. To advise or recommend earnestly.
My master preaches patience to him. Shak.
To preach down, to oppress, or humiliate by preaching. Tennyson.
 -- To preach up, to exalt by preaching; to preach in support of; as,
to preach up equality.

PREACH
Preach, n. Etym: [Cf. F. prêche, fr. prêcher. See Preach, v.]

Defn: A religious discourse. [Obs.] Hooker.

PREACHER
Preach"er, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. preeschierre, prescheur, F. prêcheur, L.
praedicator.]

1. One who preaches; one who discourses publicly on religious
subjects.
How shall they hear without a preacher Rom. x. 14.

2. One who inculcates anything with earnestness.
No preacher is listened to but Time. Swift.
Preacher bird (Zoöl.), a toucan.

PREACHERSHIP
Preach"er*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a preacher. "The preachership of the Rolls."
Macaulay.

PREACHIFY
Preach"i*fy, v. i. Etym: [Preach + -fy.]

Defn: To discourse in the manner of a preacher. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

PREACHING
Preach"ing, n.

Defn: The act of delivering a religious discourse; the art of
sermonizing; also, a sermon; a public religious discourse; serious,
earnest advice. Milner. Preaching cross, a cross, sometimes
surmounting a pulpit, erected out of doors to designate a preaching
place.
 -- Preaching friars. See Dominican.

PREACHMAN
Preach"man, n.; pl. Preachmen (.

Defn: A preacher; -- so called in contempt. [Obs.] Howell.

PREACHMENT
Preach"ment, n.

Defn: A religious harangue; a sermon; -- used derogatively. Shak.

PREACQUAINT
Pre`ac*quaint", v. t.

Defn: To acquaint previously or beforehand. Fielding.

PREACQUAINTANCE
Pre`ac*quaint"ance, n.

Defn: Previous acquaintance or knowledge. Harris.

PREACT
Pre*act", v. t.

Defn: To act beforehand; to perform previously.

PREACTION
Pre*ac"tion, n.

Defn: Previous action.

PREADAMIC
Pre`a*dam"ic, a.

Defn: Prior to Adam.

PREADAMITE
Pre*ad"am*ite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. préadamite.]

1. An inhabitant of the earth before Adam.

2. One who holds that men existed before Adam.

PREADAMITIC
Pre*ad`am*it"ic, a.

Defn: Existing or occurring before Adam; preadamic; as, preadamitic
periods.

PREADJUSTMENT
Pre`ad*just"ment, n.

Defn: Previous adjustment.

PREADMINISTRATION
Pre`ad*min`is*tra"tion, n.

Defn: Previous administration. Bp. Pearson.

PREADMISSION
Pre`ad*mis"sion, n.

Defn: Lit., previous admission; specif. (Engin.),

Defn: admission, as of steam, to the engine cylinder before the back
stroke is completed, thus increasing the cushioning.

PREADMONISH
Pre`ad*mon"ish, v. t.

Defn: To admonish previously.

PREADMONITION
Pre*ad`mo*ni"tion, n.

Defn: Previous warning or admonition; forewarning.

PREADVERTISE
Pre*ad`ver*tise", v. t.

Defn: To advertise beforehand; to preannounce publicly.

PREAMBLE
Pre"am`ble, n. Etym: [LL. praeambulum, from L. praeambulus walking
before, fr. praeambulare to walk before; prae before + ambulare to
walk: cf. F. préambule. See Amble.]

Defn: A introductory portion; an introduction or preface, as to a
book, document, etc.; specifically, the introductory part of a
statute, which states the reasons and intent of the law.

PREAMBLE
Pre"am`ble, v. t. & i.

Defn: To make a preamble to; to preface; to serve as a preamble. [R.]
Feltham. Milton.

PREAMBULARY
Pre*am"bu*la*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. preambulaire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a preamble; introductory; contained or
provided for in a preamble. "A preambulary tax." [R.] Burke.

PREAMBULATE
Pre*am"bu*late, v. i. Etym: [L. praeambulare. See Preamble.]

Defn: To walk before. [R.] Jordan.

PREAMBULATION
Pre*am`bu*la"tion, n.

1. A walking or going before; precedence. [R.]

2. A preamble. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PREAMBULATORY
Pre*am"bu*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Preceding; going before; introductory. [R.]
Simon Magus had preambulatory impieties. Jer. Taylor.

PREAMBULOUS
Pre*am"bu*lous, a. Etym: [See Preamble, n.]

Defn: See Perambulatory. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

PREANNOUNCE
Pre`an*nounce", v. t.

Defn: To announce beforehand. Coleridge.

PREANTENULTIMATE
Pre*an`te*nul"ti*mate, a.

Defn: Being or indicating the fourth syllable from the end of a word,
or that before the antepenult.

PREAORTIC
Pre`a*or"tic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: In front, or on the ventral side, of the aorta.

PREAPPOINT
Pre`ap*point", v. t.

Defn: To appoint previously, or beforehand. Carlyle.

PREAPPOINTMENT
Pre`ap*point"ment, n.

Defn: Previous appointment.

PREAPPREHENSION
Pre*ap`pre*hen"sion, n.

Defn: An apprehension or opinion formed before examination or
knowledge. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

PREARM
Pre*arm", v. t.

Defn: To forearm. [R.]

PREARRANGE
Pre`ar*range", v. t.

Defn: To arrange beforehand.

PREASE
Prease, v. t. & i.

Defn: To press; to crowd. [Obs.] -- n.

Defn: A press; a crowd. [Obs.] Spenser.

PREASSURANCE
Pre`as*sur"ance, n.

Defn: Previous assurance. Coleridge.

PREATAXIC
Pre`a*tax"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Occurring before the symptom ataxia has developed; -- applied
to the early symptoms of locomotor ataxia.

PREAUDIENCE
Pre*au"di*ence, n. (Eng. Law)

Defn: Precedence of rank at the bar among lawyers. Blackstone.

PREAXIAL
Pre*ax"i*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated in front of any transverse axis in the body of an
animal; anterior; cephalic; esp., in front, or on the anterior, or
cephalic (that is, radial or tibial) side of the axis of a limb.

PREBEND
Pre"bend, n. Etym: [F. prébende (cf. It. & Sp. prebenda), from L.
praebenda, from L. praebere to hold forth, afford, contr. fr.
praehibere; prae before + habere to have, hold. See Habit, and cf.
Provender.]

1. A payment or stipend; esp., the stipend or maintenance granted to
a prebendary out of the estate of a cathedral or collegiate, church
with which he is connected. See Note under Benefice.

2. A prebendary. [Obs.] Bacon. Dignitary prebend, one having
jurisdiction annexed to it.
 -- Simple prebend, one without jurisdiction.

PREBENDAL
Pre*ben"dal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a prebend; holding a prebend; as, a
prebendal priest or stall. Chesterfield.

PREBENDARY
Preb"en*da*ry, n. Etym: [LL. praebendarius: cf. F. prébendaire. See
Prebend.]

1. A clergyman attached to a collegiate or cathedral church who
enjoys a prebend in consideration of his officiating at stated times
in the church. See Note under Benefice, n., 3. Hook.

2. A prebendaryship. [Obs.] Bailey.

PREBENDARYSHIP
Preb"en*da*ry*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a prebendary.

PREBENDATE
Preb"en*date, v. t. Etym: [LL. praebendatus, p. p. of praebendari.]

Defn: To invest with the office of prebendary; to present to a
prebend. [Obs.] Grafton.

PREBENDSHIP
Preb"end*ship, n.

Defn: A prebendaryship. [Obs.] Foxe.

PREBRONCHIAL
Pre*bron"chi*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated in front of the bronchus; -- applied especially to an
air sac on either side of the esophagus of birds.

PRECALCULATE
Pre*cal"cu*late, v. t.

Defn: To calculate or determine beforehand; to prearrange. Masson.

PRECANT
Pre"cant, n. Etym: [L. precans, -antis, p. pr. of precari to pray.]

Defn: One who prays. [R.] Coleridge.

PRECARIOUS
Pre*ca"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. precarius obtained by begging or prayer,
depending on request or on the will of another, fr. precari to pray,
beg. See Pray.]

1. Depending on the will or pleasure of another; held by courtesy;
liable to be changed or lost at the pleasure of another; as,
precarious privileges. Addison.

2. Held by a doubtful tenure; depending on unknown causes or events;
exposed to constant risk; not to be depended on for certainty or
stability; uncertain; as, a precarious state of health; precarious
fortunes. "Intervals of partial and precarious liberty." Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Uncertain; unsettled; unsteady; doubtful; dubious; equivocal.
 -- Precarious, Uncertain. Precarious in stronger than uncertain.
Derived originally from the Latin precari, it first signified
"granted to entreaty," and, hence, "wholly dependent on the will of
another." Thus it came to express the highest species of uncertainty,
and is applied to such things as depend wholly on future casualties.
 -- Pre*ca"ri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Pre*ca"ri*ous*ness, n.

PRECATION
Pre*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. precatio.]

Defn: The act of praying; supplication; entreaty. Cotton.

PRECATIVE; PRECATORY
Pre"ca*tive, Pre"ca*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. precativus, precatorius, fr.
precari to pray. See Precarious.]

Defn: Suppliant; beseeching. Bp. Hopkins. Precatory words (Law),
words of recommendation, request, entreaty, wish, or expectation,
employed in wills, as distinguished from express directions; -- in
some cases creating a trust. Jarman.

PRECAUTION
Pre*cau"tion, n. Etym: [F. précation, L. praecautio, fr. praecavere,
praecautum, to guard against beforehand; prae before + cavere be on
one's guard. See Pre-, and Caution.]

1. Previous caution or care; caution previously employed to prevent
mischief or secure good; as, his life was saved by precaution.
They [ancient philosophers] treasured up their supposed discoveries
with miserable precaution. J. H. Newman.

2. A measure taken beforehand to ward off evil or secure good or
success; a precautionary act; as, to take precautions against
accident.

PRECAUTION
Pre*cau"tion, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. précautionner.]

1. To warn or caution beforehand. Locke.

2. To take precaution against. [R.] Dryden.

PRECAUTIONAL
Pre*cau"tion*al, a.

Defn: Precautionary.

PRECAUTIONARY
Pre*cau"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to precaution, or precautions; as,
precautionary signals.

PRECAUTIOUS
Pre*cau"tious, a.

Defn: Taking or using precaution; precautionary.
 -- Pre*cau"tious*ly, adv.
 -- Pre*cau"*tious*ness, n.

PRECEDANEOUS
Pre`ce*da"ne*ous, a.

Defn: Preceding; antecedent; previous. [Obs.] Hammond.

PRECEDE
Pre*cede", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preceded; p. pr. & vb. n. Preceding.]
Etym: [L. praecedere, praecessum; prae before + cedere to go, to be
in motion: cf. F. préceder. See Pre-, and Cede.]

1. To go before in order of time; to occur first with relation to
anything. "Harm precedes not sin." Milton.

2. To go before in place, rank, or importance.

3. To cause to be preceded; to preface; to introduce; -- used with by
or with before the instrumental object. [R.]
It is usual to precede hostilities by a public declaration. Kent.

PRECEDENCE; PRECEDENCY
Pre*ced"ence, Pre*ced"en*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. précédence. See
Precede.]

1. The act or state of preceding or going before in order of time;
priority; as, one event has precedence of another.

2. The act or state of going or being before in rank or dignity, or
the place of honor; right to a more honorable place; superior rank;
as, barons have precedence of commoners.
Which of them [the different desires] has the precedency in
determining the will to the next action Locke.

Syn.
 -- Antecedence; priority; preëminence; preference; superiority.

PRECEDENT
Pre*ced"ent, a. Etym: [L. praecedens, -entis, p. pr. of praecedere:
cf. F. précédent. See Precede.]

Defn: Going before; anterior; preceding; antecedent; as, precedent
services. Shak. "A precedent injury." Bacon. Condition precedent
(Law), a condition which precede the vesting of an estate, or the
accruing of a right.

PRECEDENT
Prec"e*dent, n.

1. Something done or said that may serve as an example to authorize a
subsequent act of the same kind; an authoritative example.
Examples for cases can but direct as precedents only. Hooker.

2. A preceding circumstance or condition; an antecedent; hence, a
prognostic; a token; a sign. [Obs.]

3. A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy.
[Obs.] Shak.

4. (Law)

Defn: A judicial decision which serves as a rule for future
determinations in similar or analogous cases; an authority to be
followed in courts of justice; forms of proceeding to be followed in
similar cases. Wharton.

Syn.
 -- Example; antecedent.
 -- Precedent, Example. An example in a similar case which may serve
as a rule or guide, but has no authority out of itself. A precedent
is something which comes down to us from the past with the sanction
of usage and of common consent. We quote examples in literature, and
precedents in law.

PRECEDENTED
Prec"e*dent*ed, a.

Defn: Having a precedent; authorized or sanctioned by an example of a
like kind. Walpole.

PRECEDENTIAL
Prec`e*den"tial, a.

Defn: Of the nature of a precedent; having force as an example for
imitation; as, precedential transactions.
All their actions in that time are not precedential to warrant
posterity. Fuller.

PRECEDENTLY
Pre*ced"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: Beforehand; antecedently.

PRECEDING
Pre*ced"ing, a.

1. Going before; -- opposed to following.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: In the direction toward which stars appear to move. See
Following, 2.

PRECEL
Pre*cel", v. t. & i. Etym: [See Precellence.]

Defn: To surpass; to excel; to exceed. [Obs.] Howell.

PRECELLENCE; PRECELLENCY
Pre*cel"lence, Pre*cel"len*cy, n. Etym: [L. praecellentia, from
praecellens, p. pr. of praecellere to excel, surpass: cf. OF.
precellence.]

Defn: Excellence; superiority. [Obs.] Sheldon.

PRECELLENT
Pre*cel"lent, a. Etym: [L. praecellens, p. pr.]

Defn: Excellent; surpassing. [Obs.] Holland.

PRECENTOR
Pre*cen"tor, n. Etym: [L. praecentor, fr. praecinere to sing before;
prae before + canere to sing. See Chant.]

Defn: A leader of a choir; a directing singer. Specifically:
(a) The leader of the choir in a cathedral; -- called also the
chanter or master of the choir. Hook.
(b) The leader of the congregational singing in Scottish and other
churches.

PRECENTORSHIP
Pre*cen"tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a precentor.

PRECEPT
Pre"cept, n. Etym: [L. praeceptum, from praecipere to take
beforehand, to instruct, teach; prae before + capere to take: cf. F.
précepte. See Pre-, and Capacious.]

1. Any commandment, instruction, or order intended as an
authoritative rule of action; esp., a command respecting moral
conduct; an injunction; a rule.
For precept must be upon precept. Isa. xxviii. 10.
No arts are without their precepts. Dryden.

2. (Law)

Defn: A command in writing; a species of writ or process. Burrill.

Syn.
 -- Commandment; injunction; mandate; law; rule; direction;
principle; maxim. See Doctrine.

PRECEPT
Pre"cept, v. t.

Defn: To teach by precepts. [Obs.] Bacon.

PRECEPTIAL
Pre*cep"tial, a.

Defn: Preceptive. [Obs.]
[Passion] would give preceptial medicine to rage. Shak.

PRECEPTION
Pre*cep"tion, n. Etym: [L. praeceptio.]

Defn: A precept. [R.] Bp. Hall.

PRECEPTIVE
Pre*cep"tive, a. Etym: [L. praeceptivus.]

Defn: Containing or giving precepts; of the nature of precepts;
didactic; as, the preceptive parts of the Scriptures.
The lesson given us here is preceptive to us. L'Estrange.

PRECEPTOR
Pre*cep"tor, n. Etym: [L. praeceptor, fr. praecipere to teach: cf. F.
précepteur. See Precept.]

1. One who gives commands, or makes rules; specifically, the master
or principal of a school; a teacher; an instructor.

2. The head of a preceptory among the Knights Templars. Sir W. Scott.

PRECEPTORIAL
Pre`cep*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a preceptor.

PRECEPTORY
Pre*cep"to*ry, a.

Defn: Preceptive. "A law preceptory." Anderson (1573).

PRECEPTORY
Pre*cep"to*ry, n.; pl. Preceptories. Etym: [LL. praeceptoria an
estate assigned to a preceptor, from L. praeceptor a commander,
ruler, teacher, in LL., procurator, administrator among the Knights
Templars. See Preceptor.]

Defn: A religious house of the Knights Templars, subordinate to the
temple or principal house of the order in London. See Commandery, n.,
2.

PRECEPTRESS
Pre*cep"tress, n.

Defn: A woman who is the principal of a school; a female teacher.

PRECESSION
Pre*ces"sion, n. Etym: [L. praecedere, praecessum, to go before: cf.
F. précession. See Precede.]

Defn: The act of going before, or forward. Lunisolar precession.
(Astron.) See under Lunisolar.
 -- Planetary precession, that part of the precession of the
equinoxes which depends on the action of the planets alone.
 -- Precession of the equinoxes (Astron.), the slow backward motion
of the equinoctial points along the ecliptic, at the rate of 50.2"
annually, caused by the action of the sun, moon, and planets, upon
the protuberant matter about the earth's equator, in connection with
its diurnal rotation; -- so called because either equinox, owing to
its westerly motion, comes to the meridian sooner each day than the
point it would have occupied without the motion of precession, and
thus precedes that point continually with reference to the time of
transit and motion.

PRECESSIONAL
Pre*ces"sion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pression; as, the precessional movement of
the equinoxes.

PRECESSOR
Pre*ces"sor, n. Etym: [L. praecessor.]

Defn: A predecessor. [Obs.] Fuller.

PRECIEUSE
Pré`cieuse", n.

Defn: An affected woman of polite society, esp. one of the literary
women of the French salons of the 17th century.

PRECINCT
Pre"cinct, n. Etym: [LL. praecinctum, fr. L. praecingere,
praecinctum, to gird about, to encompass; prae before + cingere to
gird, surround. See Pre-, and Cincture.]

1. The limit or exterior line encompassing a place; a boundary; a
confine; limit of jurisdiction or authority; -- often in the plural;
as, the precincts of a state. "The precincts of light." Milton.

2. A district within certain boundaries; a minor territorial or
jurisdictional division; as, an election precinct; a school precinct.

3. A parish or prescribed territory attached to a church, and taxed
for its support. [U.S.]
The parish, or precinct, shall proceed to a new choice. Laws of
Massachusetts.

PRECIOSITY
Pre`ci*os"i*ty, n.

Defn: Preciousness; something precious. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PRECIOUS
Pre"cious, a. Etym: [OF. precious, precius, precios, F. précieux, L.
pretiosus, fr. pretium price, worth, value. See Price.]

1. Of great price; costly; as, a precious stone. "The precious bane."
Milton.

2. Of great value or worth; very valuable; highly esteemed; dear;
beloved; as, precious recollections.
She is more precious than rules. Prov. iii. 15.
Many things which are most precious are neglected only because the
value of them lieth hid. Hooker.

Note: Also used ironically; as, a precious rascal.

3. Particular; fastidious; overnice. [Obs.]
Lest that precious folk be with me wroth. Chaucer.
Precious metals, the uncommon and highly valuable metals, esp. gold
and silver.
 -- Precious stones, gems; jewels.

PRECIOUSLY
Pre"cious*ly, adv.

Defn: In a precious manner; expensively; extremely; dearly. Also used
ironically.

PRECIOUSNESS
Pre"cious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being precious; costliness; dearness.

PRECIPE
Prec"i*pe, n. (Law)

Defn: See Præcipe, and Precept.

PRECIPICE
Prec"i*pice, n. Etym: [F. précipice, L. praecipitium, fr. praeceps, -
cipitis, headlong; prae before + caput, capitis, the head. See Pre-,
and Chief.]

1. A sudden or headlong fall. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. A headlong steep; a very steep, perpendicular, or overhanging
place; an abrupt declivity; a cliff.
Where wealth like fruit on precipices grew. Dryden.

PRECIPIENT
Pre*cip"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. praecipiens, p. pr. See Precept.]

Defn: Commanding; directing.

PRECIPITABILITY
Pre*cip`i*ta*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being precipitable.

PRECIPITABLE
Pre*cip"i*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being precipitated, or cast to the bottom, as a
substance in solution. See Precipitate, n. (Chem.)

PRECIPITANCE; PRECIPITANCY
Pre*cip"i*tance, Pre*cip"i*tan*cy, n. Etym: [From Precipitant.]

Defn: The quality or state of being precipitant, or precipitate;
headlong hurry; excessive or rash haste in resolving, forming an
opinion, or executing a purpose; precipitation; as, the precipitancy
of youth. "Precipitance of judgment." I. Watts.

PRECIPITANT
Pre*cip"i*tant, a. Etym: [L. praecipitans, -antis, p. pr. of
praecipitare: cf. F. précipitant. See Precipitate.]

1. Falling or rushing headlong; rushing swiftly, violently, or
recklessly; moving precipitately.
They leave their little lives Above the clouds, precipitant to earth.
J. Philips.
Should he return, that troop so blithe and bold, Precipitant in fear
would wing their flight. Pope.

2. Unexpectedly or foolishly brought on or hastened; rashly hurried;
hasty; sudden; reckless. Jer. Taylor. "Precipitant rebellion." Eikon
Basilike.

PRECIPITANT
Pre*cip"i*tant, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any force or reagent which causes the formation of a
precipitate.

PRECIPITANTLY
Pre*cip"i*tant*ly, adv.

Defn: With rash or foolish haste; in headlong manner. Milton.

PRECIPITANTNESS
Pre*cip"i*tant*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being precipitant; precipitation.

PRECIPITATE
Pre*cip"i*tate, a. Etym: [L. praecipitatus, p. p. of praecipitare to
precipitate, fr. praeceps headlong. See Precipice.]

1. Overhasty; rash; as, the king was too precipitate in declaring
war. Clarendon.

2. Lacking due deliberation or care; hurried; said or done before the
time; as, a precipitate measure. "The rapidity of our too precipitate
course." Landor.

3. Falling, flowing, or rushing, with steep descent; headlong.
Precipitate the furious torrent flows. Prior.

4. Ending quickly in death; brief and fatal; as, a precipitate case
of disease. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

PRECIPITATE
Pre*cip"i*tate, n. Etym: [NL. praecipitatum: cf. F. précipité.]
(Chem.)

Defn: An insoluble substance separated from a solution in a concrete
state by the action of some reagent added to the solution, or of some
force, such as heat or cold. The precipitate may fall to the bottom
(whence the name), may be diffused through the solution, or may float
at or near the surface. Red precipitate (Old. Chem), mercuric oxide
(HgO) a heavy red crystalline powder obtained by heating mercuric
nitrate, or by heating mercury in the air. Prepared in the latter
manner, it was the precipitate per se of the alchemists.
 -- White precipitate (Old Chem.) (a) A heavy white amorphous powder
(NH2.HgCl) obtained by adding ammonia to a solution of mercuric
chloride or corrosive sublimate; -- formerly called also infusible
white precipitate, and now amido-mercuric chloride. (b) A white
crystalline substance obtained by adding a solution of corrosive
sublimate to a solution of sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride); --
formerly called also fusible white precipitate.

PRECIPITATE
Pre*cip"i*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precipitated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Precipitating.]

1. To throw headlong; to cast down from a precipice or height.
She and her horse had been precipitated to the pebbled region of the
river. W. Irving.

2. To urge or press on with eager haste or violence; to cause to
happen, or come to a crisis, suddenly or too soon; as, precipitate a
journey, or a conflict.
Back to his sight precipitates her steps. Glover.
If they be daring, it may precipitate their designs, and prove
dangerous. Bacon.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: To separate from a solution, or other medium, in the form of a
precipitate; as, water precipitates camphor when in solution with
alcohol.
The light vapor of the preceding evening had been precipitated by the
cold. W. Irving.

PRECIPITATE
Pre*cip"i*tate, v. i.

1. To dash or fall headlong. [R.]
So many fathom down precipitating. Shak.

2. To hasten without preparation. [R.]

3. (Chem.)

Defn: To separate from a solution as a precipitate. See Precipitate,
n.

PRECIPITATELY
Pre*cip"i*tate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a precipitate manner; headlong; hastily; rashly. Swift.

PRECIPITATION
Pre*cip`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. praecipitatio: cf. F. précipitation.]

1. The act of precipitating, or the state of being precipitated, or
thrown headlong.
In peril of precipitation From off rock Tarpeian. Shak.

2. A falling, flowing, or rushing downward with violence and
rapidity.
The hurry, precipitation, and rapid motion of the water, returning .
. . towards the sea. Woodward.

3. Great hurry; rash, tumultuous haste; impetuosity. "The
precipitation of inexperience." Rambler.

4. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process from a solution.

PRECIPITATOR
Pre*cip"i*ta`tor, n. Etym: [L. praecipitator an overthrower.]

Defn: One who precipitates, or urges on with vehemence or rashness.
Hammond.

PRECIPITIOUS
Prec`i*pi"tious, a.

Defn: Precipitous. [Obs.] -- Prec`i*pi"tious*ly, adv. [Obs.] Dr. H.
More.

PRECIPITOUS
Pre*cip"i*tous, a. Etym: [L. praeceps, -cipitis: cf. OF. precipiteux.
See Precipice.]

1. Steep, like a precipice; as, a precipitous cliff or mountain.

2. Headlong; as, precipitous fall.

3. Hasty; rash; quick; sudden; precipitate; as, precipitous attempts.
Sir T. Browne. "Marian's low, precipitous `Hush!'" Mrs. Browning.
 -- Pre*cip"i*tous*ly, adv.
 -- Pre*cip"i*tous*ness, n.

PRECIS
Pre`cis", n. Etym: [F. See Precise.]

Defn: A concise or abridged statement or view; an abstract; a
summary.

PRECISE
Pre*cise", a. Etym: [L. praecisus cut off, brief, concise, p. p. of
praecidere to cut off in front, to cut off; prae before + caedere to
cut: cf. F. précis. Cf. Concise.]

1. Having determinate limitations; exactly or sharply defined or
stated; definite; exact; nice; not vague or equivocal; as, precise
rules of morality.
The law in this point is not precise. Bacon.
For the hour precise Exacts our parting hence. Milton.

2. Strictly adhering or conforming to rule; very nice or exact;
punctilious in conduct or ceremony; formal; ceremonious. Addison.
He was ever precise in promise-keeping. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Accurate; exact; definite; correct; scrupulous; punctilious;
particular; nice; formal. See Accurate.
 -- Pre*cise"ly, adv.
 -- Pre*cise"ness, n.

PRECISIAN
Pre*ci"sian, n.

1. One who limits, or restrains. [Obs.]

2. An overprecise person; one rigidly or ceremoniously exact in the
observance of rules; a formalist; -- formerly applied to the English
Puritans.
The most dissolute cavaliers stood aghast at the dissoluteness of the
emancipated precisian. Macaulay.

PRECISIANISM
Pre*ci"sian*ism, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being a precisian; the practice of a
precisian. Milton.

PRECISIANIST
Pre*ci"sian*ist, n.

Defn: A precisian.

PRECISION
Pre*ci"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. précision, L. praecisio a cutting off.
See Precise.]

Defn: The quality or state of being precise; exact limitation;
exactness; accuracy; strict conformity to a rule or a standard;
definiteness.
I have left out the utmost precisions of fractions. Locke.

Syn.
 -- Preciseness; exactness; accuracy; nicety.
 -- Precision, Preciseness. Precision is always used in a good sense;
as, precision of thought or language; precision in military
evolutions. Preciseness is sometimes applied to persons or their
conduct in a disparaging sense, and precise is often used in the same
way.

PRECISIVE
Pre*ci"sive, a.

Defn: Cutting off; (Logic) exactly limiting by cutting off all that
is not absolutely relative to the purpose; as, precisive censure;
precisive abstraction. I. Watts.

PRECLUDE
Pre*clude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precluded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Precluding.] Etym: [L. praecludere, praeclusum; prae before +
claudere to shut. See Close, v.]

1. To put a barrier before; hence, to shut out; to hinder; to stop;
to impede.
The valves preclude the blood from entering the veins. E. Darwin.

2. To shut out by anticipative action; to prevent or hinder by
necessary consequence or implication; to deter action of, access to,
employment of, etc.; to render ineffectual; to obviate by
anticipation.
This much will obviate and preclude the objections. Bentley.

PRECLUSION
Pre*clu"sion, n. Etym: [L. praeclusio. See Preclude.]

Defn: The act of precluding, or the state of being precluded; a
shutting out.

PRECLUSIVE
Pre*clu"sive, a.

Defn: Shutting out; precluding, or tending to preclude; hindering.
 -- Pre*clu"sive*ly, adv.

PRECOCE
Pre*coce", a. Etym: [F. précoce.]

Defn: Precocious. [Obs.]

PRECOCES
Pre"co*ces, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Præcoces.

PRECOCIOUS
Pre*co"cious, a. Etym: [L. praecox, -ocis, and praecoquus, fr.
praecoquere to cook or ripen beforehand; prae before + coquere to
cook. See 3d Cook, and cf. Apricot.]

1. Ripe or mature before the proper or natural time; early or
prematurely ripe or developed; as, precocious trees. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.

2. Developed more than is natural or usual at a given age; exceeding
what is to be expected of one's years; too forward; -- used
especially of mental forwardness; as, a precocious child; precocious
talents.

PRECOCIOUSLY
Pre*co"cious*ly, adv.

Defn: In a precocious manner.

PRECOCIOUSNESS; PRECOCITY
Pre*co"cious*ness, Pre*coc"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. précocité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being precocious; untimely ripeness;
premature development, especially of the mental powers; forwardness.
Saucy precociousness in learning. Bp. Mannyngham.
That precocity which sometimes distinguishes uncommon genius. Wirt.

PRECOETANEAN
Pre*co`e*ta"ne*an, n.

Defn: One contemporary with, but older than, another. [Obs.] Fuller.

PRECOGITATE
Pre*cog"i*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. praecogitatus, p. p. of praecogitare.
See Pre-, and Cogitate.]

Defn: To cogitate beforehand. [R.] Sherwood.

PRECOGITATION
Pre*cog`i*tation, n. Etym: [L. praecogitatio.]

Defn: Previous cogitation. [R.] Bailey.

PRECOGNITION
Pre`cog*ni"tion, n. Etym: [L. praecognitio, fr. praecognoscere to
foreknow. See Pre-, and Cognition.]

1. Previous cognition. Fotherby.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: A preliminary examination of a criminal case with reference to
a prosecution. Erskine.

PRECOGNIZABLE
Pre*cog"ni*za*ble, a.

Defn: Cognizable beforehand.

PRECOGNOSCE
Pre*cog"nosce, v. t. Etym: [L. praecognoscere to foreknow.] (Scots
Law)

Defn: To examine beforehand, as witnesses or evidence.
A committee of nine precognoscing the chances. Masson.

PRECOLLECTION
Pre`col*lec"tion, n.

Defn: A collection previously made. [R.]

PRECOMPOSE
Pre`com*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precomposed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Precomposing.]

Defn: To compose beforehand. Johnson.

PRECONCEIT
Pre`con*ceit", n.

Defn: An opinion or notion formed beforehand; a preconception.
Hooker.

PRECONCEIVE
Pre`con*ceive", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preconceived; p. pr. & vb. n.
Preconceiving.]

Defn: To conceive, or form an opinion of, beforehand; to form a
previous notion or idea of.
In a dead plain the way seemeth the longer, because the eye hath
preconceived it shorter than the truth. Bacon.

PRECONCEPTION
Pre`con*cep"tion, n.

Defn: The act of preconceiving; conception or opinion previously
formed.

PRECONCERT
Pre`con*cert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preconcerted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Preconcerting.]

Defn: To concert or arrange beforehand; to settle by previous
agreement.

PRECONCERT
Pre*con"cert, n.

Defn: Something concerted or arranged beforehand; a previous
agreement.

PRECONCERTED
Pre`con*cert"ed, a.

Defn: Previously arranged; agreed upon beforehand.
 -- Pre`con*cert"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Pre`con*cert"ed*ness, n.

PRECONCERTION
Pre`con*cer"tion, n.

Defn: The act of preconcerting; preconcert. Dr. T. Dwight.

PRECONDEMN
Pre`con*demn`, v. t.

Defn: To condemn beforehand.
 -- Pre*con`dem*na"tion, n.

PRECONDITION
Pre`con*di"tion, n.

Defn: A previous or antecedent condition; a preliminary condition.

PRECONFORM
Pre`con*form", v. t. & i.

Defn: To conform by way anticipation. De Quincey.

PRECONFORMITY
Pre`con*form"i*ty, n.

Defn: Anticipative or antecedent conformity. Coleridge.

PRECONIZATE
Pre*con"i*zate, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. préconiser.]

Defn: To proclaim; to publish; also, to summon; to call. [Obs.] Bp.
Burnet.

PRECONIZATION
Pre*con`i*za"tion, n. Etym: [L. praeconium a crying out in public,
fr. praeco, -onis, a crier, a herald: cf. F. préconisation.]

1. A publishing by proclamation; a public proclamation. Bp. Hall.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A formal approbation by the pope of a person nominated to an
ecclesiastical dignity. Addis & Arnold.

PRECONIZE
Pre"con*ize, v. t. (Eccl.)

Defn: To approve by preconization.

PRECONQUER
Pre*con"quer, v. t.

Defn: To conquer in anticipation. [R.] Fuller.

PRECONSCIOUS
Pre*con""scious, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a state before consciousness.

PRECONSENT
Pre`con*sent", n.

Defn: A previous consent.

PRECONSIGN
Pre`con*sign", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preconsigned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Preconsigning.]

Defn: To consign beforehand; to make a previous consignment of.

PRECONSOLIDATED
Pre`con*sol"i*da`ted, a.

Defn: Consolidated beforehand.

PRECONSTITUTE
Pre*con"sti*tute, v. t.

Defn: To constitute or establish beforehand.

PRECONTRACT
Pre`con*tract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precontracted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Precontracting.]

Defn: To contract, engage, or stipulate previously.

PRECONTRACT
Pre`con*tract", v. i.

Defn: To make a previous contract or agreement. Ayliffe.

PRECONTRACT
Pre*con"tract, n.

Defn: A contract preceding another; especially (Law),

Defn: a contract of marriage which, according to the ancient law,
rendered void a subsequent marriage solemnized in violation of it.
Abbott.

PRECONTRIVE
Pre`con*trive", v. t. & i.

Defn: To contrive or plan beforehand.

PRECORACOID
Pre*cor"a*coid, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The anterior part of the coracoid (often closely united with
the clavicle) in the shoulder girdle of many reptiles and amphibians.

PRECORDIAL
Pre*cor"di*al, a. Etym: [Pref. pre- + L. cor, cordis, heart: cf. F.
précordial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated in front of the heart; of or pertaining to the
præcordia.

PRECRURAL
Pre*cru"ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated in front of the leg or thigh; as, the precrural glands
of the horse.

PRECURRER
Pre*cur"rer, n.

Defn: A precursor. [Obs.] Shak.

PRECURSE
Pre*curse", n. Etym: [L. praecursus.]

Defn: A forerunning. [Obs.] Shak.

PRECURSIVE
Pre*cur"sive, a.

Defn: Preceding; introductory; precursory. "A deep precursive sound."
Coleridge.

PRECURSOR
Pre*cur"sor, n. Etym: [L. praecursor, fr. praecurrere to run before;
prae before + currere to run. See Course.]

Defn: One who, or that which, precedes an event, and indicates its
approach; a forerunner; a harbinger.
Evil thoughts are the invisible, airy precursors of all the storms
and tempests of the soul. Buckminster.

Syn.
 -- Predecessor; forerunner; harbinger; messenger; omen; sign.

PRECURSORSHIP
Pre*cur"sor*ship, n.

Defn: The position or condition of a precursor. Ruskin.

PRECURSORY
Pre*cur"so*ry, a. Etym: [L. praecursorius.]

Defn: Preceding as a precursor or harbinger; indicating something to
follow; as, precursory symptoms of a fever.

PRECURSORY
Pre*cur"so*ry, n.

Defn: An introduction. [Obs.]

PREDACEAN
Pre*da"cean, n. Etym: [L. praeda prey.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carnivorous animal. Kirby.

PREDACEOUS
Pre*da"ceous, a. Etym: [L. praeda prey. See Prey.]

Defn: Living by prey; predatory. Derham.

PREDAL
Pre"dal, a. Etym: [L. praeda prey.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to prey; plundering; predatory. [R.] Boyse.

PREDATE
Pre*date", v. t.

Defn: To date anticipation; to affix to (a document) an earlier than
the actual date; to antedate; as, a predated deed or letter.

PREDATION
Pre*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. praedatio, fr. praedari to plunder.]

Defn: The act of pillaging. E. Hall.

PREDATORILY
Pred"a*to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a predatory manner.

PREDATORY
Pred"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. praedatorius, fr. praedari to plunder, fr.
praeda prey. See Prey.]

1. Characterized by plundering; practicing rapine; plundering;
pillaging; as, a predatory excursion; a predatory party. "A predatory
war." Macaulay.

2. Hungry; ravenous; as, predatory spirits. [Obs.]
Exercise . . . maketh the spirits more hot and predatory. Bacon.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Living by preying upon other animals; carnivorous.

PREDE
Prede, v. i. Etym: [L. praedari. See Prey.]

Defn: To prey; to plunder. [Obs.] Holinshed.

PREDE
Prede, n.

Defn: Prey; plunder; booty. [Obs.] Holinshed.

PREDECAY
Pre"de*cay`, n.

Defn: Premature decay.

PREDECEASE
Pre`de*cease, v. t.

Defn: To die sooner than. "If children predecease progenitors." Shak.

PREDECEASE
Pre"de*cease`, n.

Defn: The death of one person or thing before another. [R.] Brougham.

PREDECESSIVE
Pred`e*ces"sive, a.

Defn: Going before; preceding. "Our predecessive students."
Massinger.

PREDECESSOR
Pred`e*ces"sor, n. Etym: [L. praedecessor; prae before + decessor one
who withdraws from the province he has governed, a retiring officer
(with reference to his successor), a predecessor, fr. decedere: cf.
F. prédécesseur. See Decease.]

Defn: One who precedes; one who has preceded another in any state,
position, office, etc.; one whom another follows or comes after, in
any office or position.
A prince who was as watchful as his predecessor had been over the
interests of the state. Prescott.

PREDECLARE
Pre`de*clare", v. t.

Defn: To declare or announce beforehand; to preannounce. Milman.

PREDEDICATION
Pre*ded`i*ca"tion, n.

Defn: A dedication made previously or beforehand.

PREDEFINE
Pre`de*fine, v. t.

Defn: To define beforehand.

PREDELIBERATION
Pre`de*lib`er*a"tion, n.

Defn: Previous deliberation.

PREDELINEATION
Pre`de*lin`e*a"tion, n.

Defn: Previous delineation.

PREDELLA
Pre*del"la, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: The step, or raised secondary part, of an altar; a superaltar;
hence, in Italian painting, a band or frieze of several pictures
running along the front of a superaltar, or forming a border or frame
at the foot of an altarpiece.

PREDESIGN
Pre`de*sign", v. t.

Defn: To design or purpose beforehand; to predetermine. Mitford.

PREDESIGNATE
Pre*des"ig*nate, a. (Logic)

Defn: A term used by Sir William Hamilton to define propositions
having their quantity indicated by a verbal sign; as, all, none,
etc.; -- contrasted with preindesignate, defining propositions of
which the quantity is not so indicated.

PREDESTINARIAN
Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to predestination; as, the predestinarian
controversy. Waterland.

PREDESTINARIAN
Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who believes in or supports the doctrine of predestination.
Dr. H. More.

PREDESTINARIANISM
Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The system or doctrine of the predestinarians.

PREDESTINARY
Pre*des"ti*na*ry, a.

Defn: Predestinarian. [Obs.] Heylin.

PREDESTINATE
Pre*des"ti*nate, a. Etym: [L. praedestinatus, p. p. of praedestinare
to predestine; prae before + destinare to determine. See Destine.]

Defn: Predestinated; foreordained; fated. "A predestinate scratched
face." Shak.

PREDESTINATE
Pre*des"ti*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predestinated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Predestinating.] Etym: [Cf. Predestine.]

Defn: To predetermine or foreordain; to appoint or ordain beforehand
by an unchangeable purpose or decree; to preëlect.
Whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the
image of his Son. Rom. viii. 29.

Syn.
 -- To predetermine; foreordain; preordain; decree; predestine;
foredoom.

PREDESTINATION
Pre*des`ti*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. praedestinatio: cf. F.
prédestination.]

1. The act of predestinating.
Predestination had overruled their will. Milton.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: The purpose of Good from eternity respecting all events;
especially, the preordination of men to everlasting happiness or
misery. See Calvinism.

PREDESTINATIVE
Pre*des"ti*na*tive, a.

Defn: Determining beforehand; predestinating. [R.] Coleridge.

PREDESTINATOR
Pre*des"ti*na`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. prédestinateur.]

1. One who predestinates, or foreordains.

2. One who holds to the doctrine of predestination; a predestinarian.
Cowley.

PREDESTINE
Pre*des"tine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predestined; p. pr. & vb. n.
Predestining.] Etym: [Cf. F. prédestiner. See Predestinate.]

Defn: To decree beforehand; to foreordain; to predestinate. Young.

PREDESTINY
Pre*des"ti*ny, n.

Defn: Predestination. [Obs.]

PREDETERMINABLE
Pre`de*ter"mi*na*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being determined beforehand. Coleridge.

PREDETERMINATE
Pre`de*ter"mi*nate, a.

Defn: Determined beforehand; as, the predeterminate counsel of God.

PREDETERMINATION
Pre`de*ter`mi*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. prédétermination.]

Defn: The act of previous determination; a purpose formed beforehand;
as, the predetermination of God's will. Hammond.

PREDETERMINE
Pre`de*ter"mine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predetermined; p. pr. & vb. n.
Predermining.] Etym: [Pref. pre- + determine: cf. F. prédéterminer.]

1. To determine (something) beforehand. Sir M. Hale.

2. To doom by previous decree; to foredoom.

PREDETERMINE
Pre`de*ter"mine, v. i.

Defn: To determine beforehand.

PREDIAL
Pre"di*al, a. Etym: [L. praedium a farm, estate: cf. F. prédial.]

1. Consisting of land or farms; landed; as, predial estate; that is,
real estate. Ayliffe.

2. Attached to land or farms; as, predial slaves.

3. Issuing or derived from land; as, predial tithes.

PREDIASTOLIC
Pre*di`as*tol"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Preceding the diastole of the heart; as, a prediastolic
friction sound.

PREDICABILITY
Pred`i*ca*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being predicable, or affirmable of
something, or attributed to something. Reid.

PREDICABLE
Pred"i*ca*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. prédicable, L. praedicabilis
praiseworthy. See Predicate.]

Defn: Capable of being predicated or affirmed of something;
affirmable; attributable.

PREDICABLE
Pred"i*ca*ble, n.

1. Anything affirmable of another; especially, a general attribute or
notion as affirmable of, or applicable to, many individuals.

2. (Logic)

Defn: One of the five most general relations of attributes involved
in logical arrangements, namely, genus, species, difference,
property, and accident.

PREDICAMENT
Pre*dic"a*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. prédicament, L. praedicamentum. See
Predicate.]

1. A class or kind described by any definite marks; hence, condition;
particular situation or state; especially, an unfortunate or trying
position or condition. "O woeful sympathy; piteous predicament!"
Shak.

2. (Logic)

Defn: See Category.

Syn.
 -- Category; condition; state; plight.

PREDICAMENTAL
Pre*dic`a*men"tal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a predicament. John Hall (1646).

PREDICANT
Pred"i*cant, a. Etym: [L. praedicans, -antis, p. pr. of praedicare.
See Predicate.]

Defn: Predicating; affirming; declaring; proclaiming; hence;
preaching. "The Roman predicant orders." N. Brit. Rev.

PREDICANT
Pred"i*cant, n.

Defn: One who predicates, affirms, or proclaims; specifically, a
preaching friar; a Dominican.

PREDICATE
Pred"i*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Predicating.] Etym: [L. praedicatus, p. p. of praedicare to cry in
public, to proclaim. See Preach.]

1. To assert to belong to something; to affirm (one thing of
another); as, to predicate whiteness of snow.

2. To found; to base. [U.S.]

Note: Predicate is sometimes used in the United States for found or
base; as, to predicate an argument on certain principles; to
predicate a statement on information received. Predicate is a term in
logic, and used only in a single case, namely, when we affirm one
thing of another. "Similitude is not predicated of essences or
substances, but of figures and qualities only." Cudworth.

PREDICATE
Pred"i*cate, v. i.

Defn: To affirm something of another thing; to make an affirmation.
Sir M. Hale.

PREDICATE
Pred"i*cate, n. Etym: [L. praedicatum, neut. of praedicatus, p. p.
praedicare: cf. F. prédicat. See Predicate, v. t.]

1. (Logic)

Defn: That which is affirmed or denied of the subject. In these
propositions, "Paper is white," "Ink is not white," whiteness is the
predicate affirmed of paper and denied of ink.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: The word or words in a proposition which express what is
affirmed of the subject.

Syn.
 -- Affirmation; declaration.

PREDICATE
Pred"i*cate, a. Etym: [L. praedicatus, p. p.]

Defn: Predicated.

PREDICATION
Pred`i*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. praedicatio: cf. F. prédication.]

1. The act of predicating, or of affirming one thing of another;
affirmation; assertion. Locke.

2. Preaching. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.

PREDICATIVE
Pred"i*ca*tive, a. Etym: [L. praedicativus.]

Defn: Expressing affirmation or predication; affirming; predicating,
as, a predicative term.
 -- Pred"i*ca*tive*ly, adv.

PREDICATORY
Pred"i*ca*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. L. praedicatorius praising.]

Defn: Affirmative; positive. Bp. Hall.

PREDICROTIC
Pre`di*crot"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: A term applied to the pulse wave sometimes seen in a pulse
curve or sphygmogram, between the apex of the curve and the dicrotic
wave.
The predicrotic or tidal wave is best marked in a hard pulse, i. e.,
where the blood pressure is high. Landois & Stirling.

PREDICT
Pre*dict", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predicted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Predicting.] Etym: [L. praedictus, p. p. of praedicere to predict;
prae before + dicere to say, tell. See Diction, and cf. Preach.]

Defn: To tell or declare beforehand; to foretell; to prophesy; to
presage; as, to predict misfortune; to predict the return of a comet.

Syn.
 -- To foretell; prophesy; prognosticate; presage; forebode;
foreshow; bode.

PREDICT
Pre*dict", n.

Defn: A prediction. [Obs.] Shak.

PREDICTABLE
Pre*dict"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be predicted.

PREDICTION
Pre*dic"tion, n. Etym: [L. praedictio: cf. F. prédiction.]

Defn: The act of foretelling; also, that which is foretold; prophecy.
The predictions of cold and long winters. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Prophecy; prognostication; foreboding; augury; divination;
soothsaying; vaticination.

PREDICTIONAL
Pre*dic"tion*al, a.

Defn: Prophetic; prognostic. [R.]

PREDICTIVE
Pre*dict"ive, a. Etym: [L. praedictivus.]

Defn: Foretelling; prophetic; foreboding.
 -- Pre*dict"ive*ly, adv.

PREDICTOR
Pre*dict"or, n.

Defn: One who predicts; a foreteller.

PREDICTORY
Pre*dict"o*ry, a.

Defn: Predictive. [R.] Fuller.

PREDIGEST
Pre`di*gest", v. t. (Med.)

Defn: To subject (food) to predigestion or artificial digestion.

PREDIGESTION
Pre`di*ges"tion, n.

1. Digestion too soon performed; hasty digestion. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Artificial digestion of food for use in illness or impaired
digestion.

PREDILECT
Pre`di*lect", v. t.

Defn: To elect or choose beforehand. [R.] Walter Harte.

PREDILECTION
Pre`di*lec"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. pre- + L. dilectus, p. p. diligere
to prefer: cf. F. prédilection. See Diligent.]

Defn: A previous liking; a prepossession of mind in favor of
something; predisposition to choose or like; partiality. Burke.

PREDISCOVER
Pre`dis*cov"er, v. t.

Defn: To discover beforehand.

PREDISCOVERY
Pre`dis*cov"er*y, n.

Defn: A previous discovery.

PREDISPONENCY
Pre`dis*po"nen*cy, n.

Defn: The state of being predisposed; predisposition. [R.]

PREDISPONENT
Pre`dis*po"nent, a.

Defn: Disposing beforehand; predisposing.
 -- n.

Defn: That which predisposes. Predisponent causes. (Med.) See
Predisposing causes, under Predispose. Dunglison.

PREDISPOSE
Pre`dis*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predisposed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Predisposing.] Etym: [Pref. pre- + dispose: cf. F. prédisposer.]

1. To dispose or incline beforehand; to give a predisposition or bias
to; as, to predispose the mind to friendship.

2. To make fit or susceptible beforehand; to give a tendency to; as,
debility predisposes the body to disease. Predisposing causes (Med.),
causes which render the body liable to disease; predisponent causes.

PREDISPOSITION
Pre*dis`po*si"tion, n.Etym: [Pref. pre- + disposition: cf. F.
prédisposition.]

1. The act of predisposing, or the state of being predisposed;
previous inclination, tendency, or propensity; predilection; --
applied to the mind; as, a predisposition to anger.

2. Previous fitness or adaptation to any change, impression, or
purpose; susceptibility; -- applied to material things; as, the
predisposition of the body to disease.

PREDOMINANCE
Pre*dom"i*nance, n. Etym: [Cf. F. prédominance.]

1. The quality or state of being predominant; superiority;
ascendency; prevalence; predomination.
The predominance of conscience over interest. South.

2. (Astrol.)

Defn: The superior influence of a planet. Shak.

PREDOMINANCY
Pre*dom"i*nan*cy, n.

Defn: Predominance. Bacon.

PREDOMINANT
Pre*dom"i*nant, a. Etym: [Cf. F. prédominant. See Predominante.]

Defn: Having the ascendency over others; superior in strength,
influence, or authority; prevailing; as, a predominant color;
predominant excellence.
Those help . . . were predominant in the king's mind. Bacon.
Foul subordination is predominant. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Prevalent; superior; prevailing; ascendant; ruling; reigning;
controlling; overruling.

PREDOMINANTLY
Pre*dom"i*nant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a predominant manner.

PREDOMINATE
Pre*dom"i*nate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Predominated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Predominating.] Etym: [Pref. pre- + dominate: cf. F. prédominer.]

Defn: To be superior in number, strength, influence, or authority; to
have controlling power or influence; to prevail; to rule; to have the
mastery; as, love predominated in her heart.
[Certain] rays may predominate over the rest. Sir. I. Newton.

PREDOMINATE
Pre*dom"i*nate, v. t.

Defn: To rule over; to overpower. [R.]

PREDOMINATION
Pre*dom`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. prédomination.]

Defn: The act or state of predominating; ascendency; predominance. W.
Browne.

PREDOOM
Pre*doom", v. t.

Defn: To foredoom.

PREDORSAL
Pre*dor"sal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated in front of the back; immediately in front, or on the
ventral side the dorsal part of the vertebral column.

PREDY
Pre"dy, a. Etym: [Cf. F. prêt ready.]

Defn: Cleared and ready for engagement, as a ship. Smart.

PREEDY
Preed"y, adv.

Defn: With ease. [Prov. Eng.]

PREEF
Preef, n.

Defn: Proof. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PREELECT
Pre`ë*lect", v. t.

Defn: To elect beforehand.

PREELECTION
Pre`ë*lec"tion, n.

Defn: Election beforehand.

PREEMINENCE
Pre*ëm"i*nence, n. Etym: [F. pré\'82minence, L. praeeminentia. See
Preëminent.]

Defn: The quality or state of being preëminent; superiority in
prominence or in excellence; distinction above others in quality,
rank, etc.; rarely, in a bad sense, superiority or notoriety in evil;
as, preëminence in honor.
The preëminence of Christianity to any other religious scheme.
Addison.
Painful preëminence! yourself to view Above life's weakness, and its
comforts too. Pope.
Beneath the forehead's walled preëminence. Lowell.

PREEMINENT
Pre*ëm"i*nent, a. Etym: [L. praeminens, -entis, p. pr. praeminere to
be prominent, to surpass: cf. F. pré\'82minent. See Pre-, and
Eminent.]

Defn: Eminent above others; prominent among those who are eminent;
superior in excellence; surpassing, or taking precedence of, others;
rarely, surpassing others in evil, or in bad qualities; as,
preëminent in guilt.
In goodness and in power preëminent. Milton.

PREEMINENTLY
Pre*ëm"i*nent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a preëminent degree.

PREEMPLOY
Pre`ëm*ploy, v. t.

Defn: To employ beforehand. "Preëmployed by him." Shak.

PREEMPT
Pre*ëmpt", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Preëmpted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Preëmpting.] Etym: [See Preëmption.]

Defn: To settle upon (public land) with a right of preemption, as
under the laws of the United States; to take by preëmption.

PREEMPTION
Pre*ëmp"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. pre- + emption: cf. F. préemption. See
Redeem.]

Defn: The act or right of purchasing before others. Specifically:
(a) The privilege or prerogative formerly enjoyed by the king of
buying provisions for his household in preference to others. [Eng.]
(b) The right of an actual settler upon public lands (particularly
those of the United States) to purchase a certain portion at a fixed
price in preference to all other applicants. Abbott.

PREEMPTIONER
Pre*ëmp"tion*er, n.

Defn: One who holds a prior to purchase certain public land. Abbott.

PREEMPTIVE
Pre*ëmp"tive, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to preëmption; having power to preëmpt;
preëmpting.

PREEMPTOR
Pre*ëmpt"or, n. Etym: [Cf. L. praeemptor.]

Defn: One who preëmpts; esp., one who preëmpts public land.

PREEMPTORY
Pre*ëmpt"o*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to preëmption.

PREEN
Preen, n. Etym: [AS. preón a clasp, bodkin; akin to D. priem punch,
bodkin, awl, G. pfriem, Icel. prjonn a knitting needle, pin, Dan.
preen a bodkin, punch.]

Defn: A forked tool used by clothiers in dressing cloth.

PREEN
Preen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preened; p. pr. & vb. n. Preening.] Etym:
[See Preen, n.; or cf. Prune.]

1. To dress with, or as with, a preen; to trim or dress with the
beak, as the feathers; -- said of birds. Derham.

2. To trim up, as trees. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

PREENGAGE
Pre`ën*gage", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preëngaged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Preëngaging.]

Defn: To engage by previous contract; to bind or attach previously;
to preoccupy.
But he was preëngaged by former ties. Dryden.

PREENGAGEMENT
Pre`ën*gage"ment, n.

Defn: Prior engagement, obligation, or attachment, as by contract,
promise, or affection.
My preëngagements to other themes were not unknown to those for whom
I was to write. Boyle.

PREERECT
Pre`ë*rect", v. t.

Defn: To erect beforehand.

PREES
Prees, n.

Defn: Press; throng. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PREESTABLISH
Pre`ës*tab"lish, v. t.

Defn: To establish beforehand.

PREESTABLISHMENT
Pre`ës*tab"lish*ment, n.

Defn: Settlement beforehand.

PREETERNITY
Pre`ë*ter"ni*ty, n.

Defn: Infinite previous duration. [R.] "The world's preëternity."
Cudworth.

PREEXAMINATION
Pre`ëx*am`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: Previous examination.

PREEXAMINE
Pre`ëx*am"ine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preëxamined; p. pr. & vb. n.
Preëxamining.]

Defn: To examine beforehand.

PREEXIST
Pre`ëx*ist", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Preëxisted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Preëxisting.]

Defn: To exist previously; to exist before something else.

PREEXISTENCE
Pre`ëx*ist"ence, n.

1. Existence in a former state, or previous to something else.
Wisdom declares her antiquity and preëxistence to all the works of
this earth. T. Burnet.

2. Existence of the soul before its union with the body; -- a
doctrine held by certain philosophers. Addison.

PREEXISTENCY
Pre`ëx*ist"en*cy, n.

Defn: Preëxistence. [Obs.]

PREEXISTENT
Pre`ëx*ist"ent, a.

Defn: Existing previously; preceding existence; as, a preëxistent
state. Pope.

PREEXISTENTISM
Pre`ëx*ist"ent*ism, n. (Philos.)

Defn: The theory of a preëxistence of souls before their association
with human bodies. Emerson.

PREEXISTIMATION
Pre`ëx*is`ti*ma"tion, n.

Defn: Previous esteem or estimation. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PREEXPECTATION
Pre*ëx`pec*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Previous expectation.

PREFACE
Pref"ace (; 48), n. Etym: [F. préface; cf. Sp. prefacio, prefacion,
It. prefazio, prefazione; all fr. L. praefatio, fr. praefari to speak
or say beforehand; prae before + fari, fatus, to speak. See Fate.]

1. Something spoken as introductory to a discourse, or written as
introductory to a book or essay; a proem; an introduction, or series
of preliminary remarks.
This superficial tale Is but a preface of her worthy praise. Shak.
Heaven's high behest no preface needs. Milton.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The prelude or introduction to the canon of the Mass. Addis &
Arnold. Proper preface (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.), a portion of
the communion service, preceding the prayer of consecration,
appointed for certain seasons.

Syn.
 -- Introduction; preliminary; preamble; proem; prelude; prologue.

PREFACE
Pref"ace, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prefaced; p. pr. & vb. n. Prefacing.]

Defn: To introduce by a preface; to give a preface to; as, to preface
a book discourse.

PREFACE
Pref"ace, v. i.

Defn: To make a preface. Jer. Taylor.

PREFACER
Pref"a*cer, n.

Defn: The writer of a preface.

PREFATORIAL
Pref`a*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Prefatory.

PREFATORILY
Pref"a*to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a prefatory manner; by way of preface.

PREFATORY
Pref"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a preface; introductory to
a book, essay, or discourse; as, prefatory remarks.
That prefatory addition to the Creed. Dryden.

PREFECT
Pre"fect, n. Etym: [L. praefectus, fr. praefectus, p. p. of
praeficere to set over; prae before + facere to make: cf. F. préfet.]

1. A Roman officer who controlled or superintended a particular
command, charge, department, etc.; as, the prefect of the aqueducts;
the prefect of a camp, of a fleet, of the city guard, of provisions;
the pretorian prefect, who was commander of the troops guarding the
emperor's person.

2. A superintendent of a department who has control of its police
establishment, together with extensive powers of municipal
regulation. [France] Brande & C.

3. In the Greek and Roman Catholic churches, a title of certain
dignitaries below the rank of bishop. Apostolic prefect (R. C. Ch.),
the head of a mission, not of episcopal rank. Shipley.

PREFECTORIAL
Pre`fec*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a prefect.

PREFECTSHIP
Pre"fect*ship, n.

Defn: The office or jurisdiction of a prefect.

PREFECTURE
Pre"fec*ture, n. Etym: [L. praefectura: cf. F. préfecture.]

Defn: The office, position, or jurisdiction of a prefect; also, his
official residence.

PREFECUNDATION
Pre*fec`un*da"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: A term collectively applied to the changes or conditions
preceding fecundation, especially to the changes which the ovum
undergoes before fecundation.

PREFECUNDATORY
Pre`fe*cun"da*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to prefecundation.

PREFER
Pre*fer", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preferred; p. pr. & vb. n. Preferring.]
Etym: [F. préférer, L. praeferre; prae before + ferre to bear or
carry. See 1st Bear.]

1. To carry or bring (something) forward, or before one; hence, to
bring for consideration, acceptance, judgment, etc.; to offer; to
present; to proffer; to address; -- said especially of a request,
prayer, petition, claim, charge, etc.
He spake, and to her hand preferred the bowl. Pope.
Presently prefer his suit to Cæsar. Shak.
Three tongues prefer strange orisons on high. Byron.

2. To go before, or be before, in estimation; to outrank; to surpass.
[Obs.] "Though maidenhood prefer bigamy." Chaucer.

3. To cause to go before; hence, to advance before others, as to an
office or dignity; to raise; to exalt; to promote; as, to prefer an
officer to the rank of general.
I would prefer him to a better place. Shak.

4. To set above or before something else in estimation, favor, or
liking; to regard or honor before another; to hold in greater favor;
to choose rather; -- often followed by to, before, or above.
If I prefer not Jerusalem above my chief joy. Ps. cxxxvii. 6.
Preferred an infamous peace before a most just war. Knolles.
Preferred stock, stock which takes a dividend before other capital
stock; -- called also preference stock and preferential stock.

Syn.
 -- To choose; elect. See Choose.

PREFERABILITY
Pref`er*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being preferable; preferableness. J. S.
Mill.

PREFERABLE
Pref"er*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. préférable.]

Defn: Worthy to be preferred or chosen before something else; more
desirable; as, a preferable scheme. Addison.

PREFERABLENESS
Pref"er*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being preferable.

PREFERABLY
Pref"er*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In preference; by choice.
To choose Plautus preferably to Terence. Dennis.

PREFERENCE
Pref"er*ence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. préférence.]

1. The act of Preferring, or the state of being preferred; the
setting of one thing before another; precedence; higher estimation;
predilection; choice; also, the power or opportunity of choosing; as,
to give him his preference.
Leave the critics on either side to contend about the preference due
to this or that sort of poetry. Dryden.
Knowledge of things alone gives a value to our reasonings, and
preference of one man's knowledge over another's. Locke.

2. That which is preferred; the object of choice or superior favor;
as, which is your preference

PREFERENTIAL
Pref`er*en"tial, a.

Defn: Giving, indicating, or having a preference or precedence; as, a
preferential claim; preferential shares.

PREFERENTIAL VOTING
Preferential voting. (Political Science)

Defn: A system of voting, as at primaries, in which the voters are
allowed to indicate on their ballots their preference (usually their
first and second choices) between two or more candidates for an
office, so that if no candidate receives a majority of first choices
the one receiving the greatest number of first and second choices
together in nominated or elected.

PREFERMENT
Pre*fer"ment, n.

1. The act of choosing, or the state of being chosen; preference.
[R.]
Natural preferment of the one . . . before the other. Sir T. Browne.

2. The act of preferring, or advancing in dignity or office; the
state of being advanced; promotion.
Neither royal blandishments nor promises of valuable preferment had
been spared. Macaulay.

3. A position or office of honor or profit; as, the preferments of
the church.

PREFERRER
Pre*fer"rer, n.

Defn: One who prefers.

PREFIDENCE
Pref"i*dence, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being prefident. [Obs.] Baxter.

PREFIDENT
Pref"i*dent, a. Etym: [Cf. L. praefidens overconfident. See Pre-, and
Confident.]

Defn: Trusting beforehand; hence, overconfident. [Obs.] Baxter.

PREFIGURATE
Pre*fig"u*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. praefiguratus, p. p. See Prefigure.]

Defn: To prefigure. [R.] Grafton.

PREFIGURATION
Pre*fig`u*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. praefiguratio.]

Defn: The act of prefiguring, or the state of being prefigured.
A variety of prophecies and prefigurations. Norris.

PREFIGURATIVE
Pre*fig"ur*a*tive, a.

Defn: Showing by prefiguration. "The prefigurative atonement." Bp.
Horne.

PREFIGURE
Pre*fig"ure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prefigured; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prefiguring.] Etym: [F. préfigurer, or L. praefigurare,
praefiguratum; prae before + figurare to figure. See Figure, and cf.
Prefigurate.]

Defn: To show, suggest, or announce, by antecedent types and
similitudes; to foreshadow. "Whom all the various types prefigured."
South.

PREFIGUREMENT
Pre*fig"ure*ment, n.

Defn: The act of prefiguring; prefiguration; also, that which is
prefigured. Carlyle.

PREFINE
Pre*fine", v. t. Etym: [L. praefinire; prae before + finire to limit,
determine: cf. F. préfiner.]

Defn: To limit beforehand. [Obs.] Knolles.

PREFINITE
Pre*fi"nite, a. Etym: [L. praefinitus, p. p.]

Defn: Prearranged. [Obs.] " Set and prefinite time." Holland.

PREFINITION
Pref`i*ni"tion, n. Etym: [L. praefinitio.]

Defn: Previous limitation. [Obs.] Fotherby.

PREFIX
Pre*fix", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prefixed; p. pr. & vb. n. Prefixing.]
Etym: [L. praefixus, p. p. of praefigere to fix or fasten before;
prae before + figere to fix: cf. F. préfix fixed beforehand,
determined, préfixer to prefix. See Fix.]

1. To put or fix before, or at the beginning of, another thing; as,
to prefix a syllable to a word, or a condition to an agreement.

2. To set or appoint beforehand; to settle or establish antecedently.
[Obs.] " Prefixed bounds. " Locke.
And now he hath to her prefixt a day. Spenser.

PREFIX
Pre"fix, n. Etym: [Cf. F. préfixe.]

Defn: That which is prefixed; esp., one or more letters or syllables
combined or united with the beginning of a word to modify its
signification; as, pre- in prefix, con- in conjure.

PREFIXION
Pre*fix"ion, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. prefixion.]

Defn: The act of prefixing. [R.] Bailey.

PREFLORATION
Pre`flo*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. pre- + L. flos, floris, flower.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Æstivation.

PREFOLIATION
Pre*fo`li*a"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. pre- + L. folium leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: Vernation.

PREFORM
Pre*form" (, v. t. Etym: [L. praeformare. See Pre-, and Form.]

Defn: To form beforehand, or for special ends. "Their natures and
preformed faculties. " Shak.

PREFORMATION
Pre`for*ma"tion, n. (Biol.)

Defn: An old theory of the preëxistence of germs. Cf. Emboîtement.

PREFORMATIVE
Pre*form"a*tive, n.

Defn: A formative letter at the beginning of a word. M. Stuart.

PREFRONTAL
Pre*fron"tal, a. (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated in front of the frontal bone, or the frontal region of
the skull; ectethmoid, as a certain bone in the nasal capsule of many
animals, and certain scales of reptiles and fishes.
 -- n.

Defn: A prefrontal bone or scale.

PREFULGENCY
Pre*ful"gen*cy, n. Etym: [L. praefulgens, p. pr. of praefulgere to
shine forth. See Pre-, and Fulgent.]

Defn: Superior brightness or effulgency. [R.] Barrow.

PREGAGE
Pre*gage" (, v. t.

Defn: To preëngage. [Obs.] Fuller.

PREGLACIAL
Pre*gla"cial, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Prior to the glacial or drift period.

PREGNABLE
Preg"na*ble, a, Etym: [F. prenable. See Impregnable.]

Defn: Capable of being entered, taken, or captured; expugnable; as, a
pregnable fort. [R.] Cotgrave.

PREGNANCE
Preg"nance, n.

Defn: Pregnancy. [Obs.] Milton.

PREGNANCY
Preg"nan*cy, n.

1. The condition of being pregnant; the state of being with young.

2. Figuratively: The quality of being heavy with important contents,
issue, significance, etc.; unusual consequence or capacity;
fertility. Fuller.

PREGNANT
Preg"nant, a. Etym: [L. praegnans, -antis; prae before + genere,
gignere, to beget: cf. F. prégnant. See Gender, 2d Kin.]

1. Being with young, as a female; having conceived; great with young;
breeding; teeming; gravid; preparing to bring forth.

2. Heavy with important contents, significance, or issue; full of
consequence or results; weighty; as, pregnant replies. " A pregnant
argument." Prynne. " A pregnant brevity." E. Everett.

3. Full of promise; abounding in ability, resources, etc.; as, a
pregnant youth. [Obs.] Evelyn.
Wherein the pregnant enemy does much. Shak.
Pregnant construction (Rhet.), one in which more is implied than is
said; as, the beasts trembled forth from their dens, that is, came
forth trembling with fright.

PREGNANT
Preg"nant, n.

Defn: A pregnant woman. [R.] Dunglison.

PREGNANT
Preg"nant, a. Etym: [F. prenant taking. Cf. Pregnable.]

Defn: Affording entrance; receptive; yielding; willing; open; prompt.
[Obs.] " Pregnant to good pity." Shak.

PREGNANTLY
Preg"nant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pregnant manner; fruitfully; significantly.

PREGNANTLY
Preg"nant*ly, adv.

Defn: Unresistingly; openly; hence, clearly; evidently. [Obs.] Shak.

PREGRAVATE
Pre"gra*vate, v. t. Etym: [L. praegravatus, p. p. of praegravare to
be heavy upon, fr. praegravis very heavy.]

Defn: To bear down; to depress. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

PREGRAVITATE
Pre*grav"i*tate, v. i.

Defn: To descend by gravity; to sink. [R.] Boyle.

PREGUSTANT
Pre*gus"tant, a. Etym: [L. praegustans, p. pr. of praegustare to
taste beforehand; prae before + gustare to taste.]

Defn: Tasting beforehand; having a foretaste. [R.] Ed. Rev.

PREGUSTATION
Pre`gus*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of tasting beforehand; foretaste. [R.] Dr. Walker
(1678).

PREHALLUX
Pre*hal"lux, n. Etym: [NL. See Pre-, and Hallux.] (Anat.)

Defn: An extra first toe, or rudiment of a toe, on the preaxial side
of the hallux.

PREHEND
Pre*hend" (, v. t. Etym: [L. prehendere. See Prehensile.]

Defn: To lay hold of; to seize. [Obs.] Middleton.

PREHENSI-BLE
Pre*hen"si-ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. préhensible.]

Defn: Capable of being seized.

PREHENSILE
Pre*hen"sile, a. Etym: [L. prehensus, p. p. of prehendere to lay hold
of, seize; pre- (equiv. to prae before) + hendere (in comp.), akin to
E. get: cf. F. préhensile. See Get, and cf. Prison, Prize, n.]

Defn: Adapted to seize or grasp; seizing; grasping; as, the
prehensile tail of a monkey.

PREHENSION
Pre*hen"sion, n. Etym: [L. prehensio; cf. F. préhension. See
Prehensile.]

Defn: The act of taking hold, seizing, or grasping, as with the hand
or other member.

PREHENSORY
Pre*hen"so*ry, a.

Defn: Adapted to seize or grasp; prehensile.

PREHISTORIC
Pre`his*tor"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a period before written history begins; as,
the prehistoric ages; prehistoric man.

PREHNITE
Prehn"ite, n. Etym: [So called from the German Colonel Prehn, who
first found it.] (Min.)

Defn: A pale green mineral occurring in crystalline aggregates having
a botryoidal or mammillary structure, and rarely in distinct
crystals. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime.

PREHNITIC
Prehn*it"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a tetrabasic acid of benzene
obtained as a white crystalline substance; -- probably so called from
the resemblance of the wartlike crystals to the mammillæ on the
surface of prehnite.

PREIGNITION
Pre`ig*ni"tion, n. (Engin.)

Defn: Ignition in an internal-combustion engine while the inlet valve
is open or before compression is completed.

PREINDESIGNATE
Pre`in*des"ig*nate, a. (Logic.)

Defn: Having no sign expressive of quantity; indefinite. See
Predesignate.

PREINDISPOSE
Pre*in`dis*pose" ( v. t.

Defn: To render indisposed beforehand. Milman.

PREINSTRUCT
Pre`in*struct" ( v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preinstructed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Preinstructing.]

Defn: To instruct previously or beforehand. Dr. H. More.

PREINTIMATION
Pre*in`ti*ma"tion n.

Defn: Previous intimation; a suggestion beforehand. T. Scott.

PREJUDGE
Pre*judge" ( v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prejudged (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prejudging.] Etym: [Pref. pre + judge: cf. F. préjuger. Cf.
Prejudicate, Prejudice.]

Defn: To judge before hearing, or before full and sufficient
examination; to decide or sentence by anticipation; to condemn
beforehand.
The committee of council hath prejudged the whole case, by calling
the united sense of both houses of Parliament" a universal clamor."
Swift.

PREJUDGMENT
Pre*judg"ment, n.

Defn: The act of prejudging; decision before sufficient examination.

PREJUDICACY
Pre*ju"di*ca*cy, n.

Defn: Prejudice; prepossession. [Obs.] Sir. H. Blount.

PREJUDICAL
Pre*ju"di*cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the determination of some matter not
previously decided; as, a prejudical inquiry or action at law.

PREJUDICANT
Pre*ju"di*cant, a. Etym: [L. praejudicans, p. pr.]

Defn: Influenced by prejudice; biased. [R.] " With not too hasty and
prejudicant ears." Milton.

PREJUDICATE
Pre*ju"di*cate, a. Etym: [L. praejudicatus, p. p. of praejudicare to
prejudge; prae before + judicare to judge. See Judge.]

1. Formed before due examination. "Ignorance and prejudicate
opinions." Jer. Taylor.

2. Biased by opinions formed prematurely; prejudiced. "Prejudicate
readers." Sir T. Browne.

PREJUDICATE
Pre*ju"di*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prejudicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prejudicating.] Etym: [Cf. Prejudge.]

Defn: To determine beforehand, especially to disadvantage; to
prejudge.
Our dearest friend Prejudicates the business. Shak.

PREJUDICATE
Pre*ju"di*cate, v. i.

Defn: To prejudge. Sir P. Sidney.

PREJUDICATELY
Pre*ju"di*cate*ly, adv.

Defn: With prejudice.

PREJUDICATION
Pre*ju`di*ca"tion, n.

1. The act of prejudicating, or of judging without due examination of
facts and evidence; prejudgment.

2. (Rom. Law)
(a) A preliminary inquiry and determination about something which
belongs to a matter in dispute.
(b) A previous treatment and decision of a point; a precedent.

PREJUDICATIVE
Pre*ju"di*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Forming a judgment without due examination; prejudging. Dr. H.
More.

PREJUDICE
Prej"u*dice n. Etym: [F. préjudice, L. praejudicium; prae before +
judicium judgment. See Prejudicate, Judicial.]

1. Foresight. [Obs.]
Naught might hinder his quick prejudize. Spenser.

2. An opinion or judgment formed without due examination;
prejudgment; a leaning toward one side of a question from other
considerations than those belonging to it; an unreasonable
predilection for, or objection against, anything; especially, an
opinion or leaning adverse to anything, without just grounds, or
before sufficient knowledge.
Though often misled by prejudice and passion, he was emphatically an
honest man. Macaulay.

3. (Law)

Defn: A bias on the part of judge, juror, or witness which interferes
with fairness of judgment.

4. Mischief; hurt; damage; injury; detriment. Locke.
England and France might, through their amity, Breed him some
prejudice. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Prejudgment; prepossession; bias; harm; hurt; damage; detriment;
mischief; disadvantage.

PREJUDICE
Prej"u*dice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prejudiced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prejudicing.] Etym: [Cf. F. préjudicier. See Prejudice, n.]

1. To cause to have prejudice; to prepossess with opinions formed
without due knowledge or examination; to bias the mind of, by hasty
and incorrect notions; to give an unreasonable bent to, as to one
side or the other of a cause; as, to prejudice a critic or a juryman.
Suffer not any beloved study to prejudice your mind so far as to
despise all other learning. I. Watts

2. To obstruct or injure by prejudices, or by previous bias of the
mind; hence, generally, to hurt; to damage; to injure; to impair; as,
to prejudice a good cause.
Seek how may prejudice the foe. Shak

PREJUDICIAL
Prej`u*di"cial a. Etym: [L. praejudicialis belonging to a preceding
judgment: cf. F. préjudiciel.]

1. Biased, possessed, or blinded by prejudices; as, to look with a
prejudicial eye. [Obs.] Holyday.

2. Tending to obstruct or impair; hurtful; injurious;
disadvantageous; detrimental. Hooker.
His going away . . . was most prejudicial and most ruinous to the
king's affairs. Clarendon.
-- Prej`u*di"cial*ly, adv.
 -- Prej`u*di"cial*ness, n.

PREKNOWLEDGE
Pre*knowl"edge, n.

Defn: Prior knowledge.

PRELACY
Prel"a*cy n.; pl. Prelacies. Etym: [LL. praelatia. See Prelate; cf.
Prelaty.]

1. The office or dignity of a prelate; church government by prelates.
Prelacies may be termed the greater benefices. Ayliffe.

2. The order of prelates, taken collectively; the body of
ecclesiastical dignitaries. "Divers of the reverend prelacy, and
other most judicious men." Hooker.

PRELAL
Pre"lal, a. Etym: [L. prelum a press.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to printing; typographical. [Obs.] Fuller.

PRELATE
Prel"ate (; 48), n. Etym: [F. prélat, LL. praelatus, fr. L.
praelatus, used as p. p. of praeferre to prefer, but from a different
root. See Elate.]

Defn: A clergyman of a superior order, as an archbishop or a bishop,
having authority over the lower clergy; a dignitary of the church.

Note: This word and the words derived from it are often used
invidiously, in English ecclesiastical history, by dissenters,
respecting the Established Church system.
Hear him but reason in divinity, . . . You would desire the king were
made a prelate. Shak.

PRELATE
Prel"ate, v. i.

Defn: To act as a prelate. [Obs.]
Right prelating is busy laboring, and not lording. Latimer.

PRELATEITY
Prel`a*te"i*ty, n.

Defn: Prelacy. [Obs.] Milton.

PRELATESHIP
Prel"ate*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a prelate. Harmar.

PRELATESS
Prel"a*tess, n.

Defn: A woman who is a prelate; the wife of a prelate. Milton.

PRELATIAL
Pre*la"tial, a.

Defn: Prelatical. Beaconsfield.

PRELATIC; PRELATICAL
Pre*lat"ic, Pre*lat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to prelates or prelacy; as, prelatical
authority. Macaulay.

PRELATICALLY
Pre*lat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a prelatical manner; with reference to prelates. Milton.
The last Georgic was a good prelude to the Æneis.

PRELATION
Pre*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. praelatio: cf. F. prélation. See Prelate,
and cf. Prefer.]

Defn: The setting of one above another; preference. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

PRELATISM
Prel"a*tism, n.

Defn: Prelacy; episcopacy.

PRELATIST
Prel"a*tist n.

Defn: One who supports of advocates prelacy, or the government of the
church by prelates; hence, a high-churchman. Hume.
I am an Episcopalian, but not a prelatist. T. Scott.

PRELATIZE
Prel"a*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prelatized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prelatizing.]

Defn: To bring under the influence of prelacy. Palfrey.

PRELATIZE
Prel"a*tize, v. i.

Defn: To uphold or encourage prelacy; to exercise prelatical
functions.
An episcopacy that began then to prelatize. Milton.

PRELATRY
Prel"a*try, n.

Defn: Prelaty; prelacy. [Obs.]

PRELATURE; PRELATURESHIP
Prel"a*ture, Prel"a*ture*ship, n. Etym: [F. prélature, or LL.
praelatura.]

Defn: The state or dignity of a prelate; prelacy. Milman.

PRELATY
Prel"a*ty, n.

Defn: Prelacy. [Obs.] Milton.

PRELECT
Pre*lect" v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prelected; p. pr. & vb. n. Prelecting.]
Etym: [L. praelectus, p. p. of praelegere to read before. See Pre-,
and Lection.]

Defn: To read publicly, as a lecture or discourse.

PRELECT
Pre*lect", v. i.

Defn: To discourse publicly; to lecture.
Spitting . . . was publicly prelected upon. De. Quincey.
To prelect upon the military art. Bp. Horsley.

PRELECTION
Pre*lec"tion, n. Etym: [L. praelectio.]

Defn: A lecture or discourse read in public or to a select company.
"The prelections of Faber." Sir M. Hale.

PRELECTOR
Pre*lec"tor, n. Etym: [L. praelector.]

Defn: A reader of lectures or discourses; a lecturer. Sheldon.

PRELIBATION
Pre`li*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. praelibatio, fr. praelibare to taste
beforehand: cf. F. prelibation.]

1. A. tasting beforehand, or by anticipation; a foretaste; as, a
prelibation of heavenly bliss.

2. A pouring out, or libation, before tasting.

PRELIMINARILY
Pre*lim"i*na*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a preliminary manner.

PRELIMINARY
Pre*lim"i*na*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. pre + L. liminaris belonging to a
threshold, fr. limen, liminis, threshold, entrance: cf. F.
préliminaire. Cf. Limit.]

Defn: Introductory; previous; preceding the main discourse or
business; prefatory; as, preliminary observations to a discourse or
book; preliminary articles to a treaty; preliminary measures;
preliminary examinations.

Syn.
 -- Introductory; preparatory; prefatory; proemial; previous; prior;
precedent; antecedent.

PRELIMINARY
Pre*lim"i*na*ry, n.; pl. Preliminaries (.

Defn: That which precedes the main discourse, work, design, or
business; something introductory or preparatory; as, the
preliminaries to a negotiation or duel; to take one's preliminaries
the year before entering college.

Syn.
 -- Introduction; preface; prelude.

PRELIMIT
Pre*lim"it, v. t.

Defn: To limit previously. [R.]

PRELOOK
Pre*look", v. i.

Defn: To look forward. [Obs.] Surrey.

PRELUDE
Pre"lude, n. Etym: [F. prélude (cf. It. preludio, LL. praeludium),
fr. L. prae before + ludus play. See Prelude, v. t.]

Defn: An introductory performance, preceding and preparing for the
principal matter; a preliminary part, movement, strain, etc.;
especially (Mus.), a strain introducing the theme or chief subject; a
movement introductory to a fugue, yet independent; -- with recent
composers often synonymous with overture.
The last Georgic was a good prelude to the Ænis Addison.
The cause is more than the prelude, the effect is more than the
sequel, of the fact. Whewell.

Syn.
 -- Preface; introduction; preliminary; preamble; forerunner;
harbinger; precursor.

PRELUDE
Pre*lude", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Preluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Preluding.]
Etym: [L. praeludere, praelusum; prae before + ludere to play: cf. F.
préluder. See Ludicrous.]

Defn: To play an introduction or prelude; to give a prefatory
performance; to serve as prelude.
The musicians preluded on their instruments. Sir. W. Scott.
We are preluding too largely, and must come at once to the point.
Jeffrey.

PRELUDE
Pre*lude", v. t.

1. To introduce with a previous performance; to play or perform a
prelude to; as, to prelude a concert with a lively air.

2. To serve as prelude to; to precede as introductory.
[Music] preluding some great tragedy. Longfellow

PRELUDER
Pre*lud"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, preludes; one who plays a prelude.
Mason.

PRELUDIAL
Pre*lud"i*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a prelude; of the nature of a prelude;
introductory. [R.]

PRELUDIOUS
Pre*lud"i*ous a.

Defn: Preludial. [R.] Dr. H. More.

PRELUMBAR
Pre*lum"bar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated immediately in front of the loins;- applied to the
dorsal part of the abdomen.

PRELUSIVE
Pre*lu"sive, a. Etym: [See Prelude.]

Defn: Of the nature of a prelude; introductory; indicating that
something of a like kind is to follow. "Prelusive drops." Thomson. --
Pre*lu"sive*ly, adv.

PRELUSORILY
Pre*lu"so*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a prelusory way.

PRELUSORY
Pre*lu"so*ry, a.

Defn: Introductory; prelusive. Bacon.

PREMATURE
Pre`ma*ture", a. Etym: [L. praematurus; prae before + maturus ripe.
See Mature.]

1. Mature or ripe before the proper time; as, the premature fruits of
a hotbed.

2. Happening, arriving, existing, or performed before the proper or
usual time; adopted too soon; too early; untimely; as, a premature
fall of snow; a premature birth; a premature opinion; premature
decay.

3. Arriving or received without due authentication or evidence; as, a
premature report.
 -- Pre`ma*ture"ly, adv.
 -- Pre`ma*ture"ness, n.

PREMATURITY
Pre`ma*tu"ri*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. prématurité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being premature; early, or untimely,
ripeness; as, the prematurity of genius.

PREMAXILLA
Pre"max*il"la n.; pl. Premaxillæ. Etym: [NL. See Pre-, and Maxilla.]
(Anat.)

Defn: A bone on either side of the middle line between the nose and
mouth, forming the anterior part of each half of the upper jawbone;
the intermaxilla. In man the premaxillæ become united and form the
incisor part of the maxillary bone.

PREMAXILLARY
Pre*max"il*la*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated in front of the maxillary bones; pertaining to the
premaxillæ; intermaxillary.
 -- n.

Defn: A premaxilla.

PREMEDIATE
Pre*me"di*ate, v. t.

Defn: To advocate. [R.]

PREMEDITATE
Pre*med"i*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Premeditated (-ta`td); p. pr. &
vb. n. Premeditating.] Etym: [L. praemeditatus, p. p. of
praemeditari; prae before + meditari to meditate. See Meditate.]

Defn: To think on, and revolve in the mind, beforehand; to contrive
and design previously; as, to premeditate robbery.
With words premeditated thus he said. Dryden.

PREMEDITATE
Pre*med"i*tate, v. i.

Defn: To think, consider, deliberate, or revolve in the mind,
beforehand.

PREMEDITATE
Pre*med"i*tate, a. Etym: [L. praemeditatus, p. p.]

Defn: Premeditated; deliberate. [Archaic] Bp. Burnet.

PREMEDITATELY
Pre*med"i*tate*ly, adv.

Defn: With premeditation. Burke.

PREMEDITATION
Pre*med`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. praemeditatio: cf. F. préméditation.]

Defn: The act of meditating or contriving beforehand; previous
deliberation; forethought.

PREMERIT
Pre*mer"it, v. t.

Defn: To merit or deserve beforehand. [Obs.] Eikon Basi

PREMIAL; PREMIANT
Pre"mi*al, Pre"mi*ant, a. Etym: [L. praemialis. See Premium.]

Defn: Serving to reward; rewarding. [R.] Baxter.

PREMICES
Prem"i*ces, n. pl. Etym: [F. prémices, L. primitiae. See Primitia.]

Defn: First fruits. [Obs.] Dryden.

PREMIER
Pre"mi*er, a. Etym: [F. premier, fr. L. primarius of the first rank,
principal, fr. primus the first. See Primary, Prime, a.]

1. First; chief; principal; as, the premier place; premier minister.
Camden. Swift.

2. Most ancient; -- said of the peer bearing the oldest title of his
degree.

PREMIER
Pre"mi*er, n.

Defn: The first minister of state; the prime minister.

PREMIERE
Pre*mière", a. fem. [F., prop. fem. of premier first. See Premier,
a.]

Defn: First; chief; as, a première danseuse. -- n. fem.; pl. -mières
(F. pre*myâr").
 (a) The leading woman of a group, esp. in a theatrical cast.
 (b) A first performance, as of a play; a first night.

PREMIERSHIP
Pre"mi*er*ship, n.

Defn: The office of the premier.

PREMILLENNIAL
Pre`mil*len"ni*al, a

Defn: , Previous to the millennium.

PREMIOUS
Pre"mi*ous, a. Etym: [L. praemiosus, fr. praemium a premium.]

Defn: Rich in gifts. [R.] Clarke.

PREMISE
Prem"ise, n.; pl. Premises (. [Written also, less properly, premiss.]
Etym: [F. prémisse, fr. L. praemissus, p. p. of praemittere to send
before; prae before + mittere to send. See Mission.]

1. A proposition antecedently supposed or proved; something
previously stated or assumed as the basis of further argument; a
condition; a supposition.
The premises observed, Thy will by my performance shall be served.
Shak.

2. (Logic)

Defn: Either of the first two propositions of a syllogism, from which
the conclusion is drawn.

Note: "All sinners deserve punishment: A B is a sinner." These
propositions, which are the premises, being true or admitted, the
conclusion follows, that A B deserves punishment.
While the premises stand firm, it is impossible to shake the
conclusion. Dr. H. More.

3. pl. (Law)

Defn: Matters previously stated or set forth; esp., that part in the
beginning of a deed, the office of which is to express the grantor
and grantee, and the land or thing granted or conveyed, and all that
precedes the habendum; the thing demised or granted.

4. pl.

Defn: A piece of real estate; a building and its adjuncts; as, to
lease premises; to trespass on another's premises.

PREMISE
Pre*mise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Premised; p. pr. & vb. n. Premising.]
Etym: [From L. praemissus, p. p., or E. premise, n. See Premise, n.]

1. To send before the time, or beforehand; hence, to cause to be
before something else; to employ previously. [Obs.]
The premised flames of the last day. Shak.
If venesection and a cathartic be premised. E. Darwin.

2. To set forth beforehand, or as introductory to the main subject;
to offer previously, as something to explain or aid in understanding
what follows; especially, to lay down premises or first propositions,
on which rest the subsequent reasonings.
I premise these particulars that the reader may know that I enter
upon it as a very ungrateful task. Addison.

PREMISE
Pre*mise", v. i.

Defn: To make a premise; to set forth something as a premise. Swift.

PREMISS
Prem"iss, n.

Defn: Premise. Whately. I. Watts

PREMIT
Pre*mit", v. t.

Defn: To premise. [Obs.] Donne.

PREMIUM
Pre"mi*um, n.; pl. Premiums. Etym: [L. praemium, originally, what one
has got before or better than others; prae before + emere to take,
buy. See Redeem.]

1. A reward or recompense; a prize to be won by being before another,
or others, in a competition; reward or prize to be adjudged; a
bounty; as, a premium for good behavior or scholarship, for
discoveries, etc.
To think it not the necessity, but the premium and privilege of life,
to eat and sleep without any regard to glory. Burke.
The law that obliges parishes to support the poor offers a premium
for the encouragement of idleness. Franklin.

2. Something offered or given for the loan of money; bonus; --
sometimes synonymous with interest, but generally signifying a sum in
addition to the capital.
People were tempted to lend, by great premiums and large interest.
Swift.

3. A sum of money paid to underwriters for insurance, or for
undertaking to indemnify for losses of any kind.

4. A sum in advance of, or in addition to, the nominal or par value
of anything; as, gold was at a premium; he sold his stock at a
premium.

PREMOLAR
Pre*mo"lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated in front of the molar teeth. --n.

Defn: An anterior molar tooth which has replaced a deciduous molar.
See Tooth.

PREMONISH
Pre*mon"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Premonished; p. pr. & vb. n.
Premonishing.] Etym: [Pref. pre- + monish: cf. L. praemonere.]

Defn: To forewarn; to admonish beforehand. [R.] Herrick.
To teach, and to premonish. Bk. of Com. Prayer.

PREMONISHMENT
Pre*mon"ish*ment, n.

Defn: Previous warning or admonition; forewarning. Sir H. Wotton.

PREMONITION
Pre`mo*ni"tion, n. Etym: [L. praemonitio. See Premonish.]

Defn: Previous warning, notice, or information; forewarning; as, a
premonition of danger.

PREMONITOR
Pre*mon"i*tor, n. Etym: [L. praemonitor.]

Defn: One who, or that which, gives premonition.

PREMONITORY
Pre*mon"i*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. praemonitorius.]

Defn: Giving previous warning or notice; as, premonitory symptoms of
disease.
 -- Pre*mon"i*to*ri*ly, adv.

PREMONSTRANT
Pre*mon"strant, n.

Defn: A Premonstratensian.

PREMONSTRATE
Pre*mon"strate, v. t. Etym: [L. praemonstratus, p. p. of
praemonstrare; prae before + monstrate to show.]

Defn: To show beforehand; to foreshow. [R.] Herbert.

PREMONSTRATENSIAN
Pre*mon`stra*ten"sian, n. Etym: [F.prémontré, fr. Prémontré, fr. L.
pratum monstratum.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: One of a religious order of regular canons founded by St.
Norbert at Prémontré, in France, in 1119. The members of the order
are called also White Canons, Norbertines, and Premonstrants.

PREMONSTRATION
Pre`mon*stra"tion, n. Etym: [L. praemonstratio.]

Defn: A showing beforehand; foreshowing.

PREMONSTRATOR
Pre*mon"stra*tor, n. Etym: [L. praemonstrator.]

Defn: One who, or that which, premonstrates. [R.]

PREMORSE
Pre*morse", a. Etym: [L. praemorsus, p. p. of praemordere to bite
off; prae before + mordere to bite.]

Defn: Terminated abruptly, or as it bitten off. Premorse root or
leaves (Bot.), such as have an abrupt, ragged, and irregular
termination, as if bitten off short.

PREMOSAIC
Pre`mo*sa"ic a.

Defn: Relating to the time before Moses; as, premosaic history.

PREMOTION
Pre*mo"tion n. Etym: [Pref. pre- + motion.]

Defn: Previous motion or excitement to action.

PREMUNIRE
Prem`u*ni"re, n. (Law)

Defn: See Præmunire.

PREMUNITE
Prem`u*nite", v. t. Etym: [L. praemunitus, p. p. of praemunire to
fortify in front; prae before + munire to fortify.]

Defn: To fortify beforehand; to guard against objection. [Obs.]
Fotherby.

PREMUNITION
Pre`mu*ni"tion, n. Etym: [L. praemunitio: cf. F. prémunition.]

Defn: The act of fortifying or guarding against objections. [Obs.]

PREMUNITORY
Pre*mu"ni*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a premunire; as, a premunitory process.

PRENASAL
Pre*na"sal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated in front of the nose, or in front of the nasal
chambers.

PRENATAL
Pre*na"tal, a.

Defn: Being or happening before birth.

PRENDER
Pren"der, n. Etym: [F. prendre to take, fr. L. prehendere to take.]
(Law)

Defn: The power or right of taking a thing before it is offered.
Burrill.

PRENOMEN
Pre*no"men, n.

Defn: See Prænomen.

PRENOMINAL
Pre*nom"i*nal, a.

Defn: Serving as a prefix in a compound name. Sir T. Browne.

PRENOMINATE
Pre*nom"i*nate a. Etym: [L. praenominatus, p. p. of praenominare to
give the prenomen to, to prenominate, fr. praenomen prenomen.]

Defn: Forenamed; named beforehand. [R.] "Prenominate crimes." Shak.

PRENOMINATE
Pre*nom"i*nate, v. t.

Defn: To forename; to name beforehand; to tell by name beforehand.
Shak.

PRENOMINATION
Pre*nom`i*na*tion, n.

Defn: The act of prenominating; privilege of being named first. Sir
T. Browne.

PRENOSTIC
Pre*nos"tic, n. Etym: [L. praenoscere to foreknow; prae before +
noscere, notum, to know.]

Defn: A prognostic; an omen. [Obs.] Gower.

PRENOTE
Pre*note", v. t. Etym: [L. praenotare; prae before + notare to note.]

Defn: To note or designate beforehand. Foxe.

PRENOTION
Pre*no"tion n. Etym: [L. praenotio: cf. F. prénotion. See Prenostic.]

Defn: A notice or notion which precedes something else in time;
previous notion or thought; foreknowledge. Bacon.

PRENSATION
Pren*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. prensatio, from prensare, prehensare, v.
freq. from prehendere to seize.]

Defn: The act of seizing with violence. [Obs.] Barrow .

PRENTICE
Pren"tice, n. Etym: [Aphetic form of apprentice.]

Defn: An apprentice. [Obs. or Colloq.] Piers Plowman. "My accuser is
my prentice." Shak.

PRENTICEHOOD
Pren"tice*hood (, n.

Defn: Apprenticehood. [Obs.]
This jolly prentice with his master bode Till he was out nigh of his
prenticehood. Chaucer.

PRENTICESHIP
Pren"tice*ship, n.

Defn: Apprenticeship. [Obs. or Colloq.]
He served a prenticeship who sets up shop. Pope.

PRENUNCIATION
Pre*nun`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. praenunciatio, fr. praenunciare to
announce beforehand. See Pre-, and Announce.]

Defn: The act of announcing or proclaiming beforehand. [Obs.]

PRENUNCIOUS
Pre*nun"cious, a. Etym: [L. praenuncius.]

Defn: Announcing beforehand; presaging. [Obs.] Blount.

PREOBLONGATA
Pre*ob`lon*ga"ta, n. Etym: [NL. See Pre-, and Oblongata.] (Anat.)

Defn: The anterior part of the medulla oblongata. B. G. Wilder.

PREOBTAIN
Pre`ob*tain", v. t.

Defn: To obtain beforehand.

PREOCCUPANCY
Pre*oc"cu*pan*cy, n. Etym: [See Preoccupate.]

Defn: The act or right of taking possession before another; as, the
preoccupancy of wild land.

PREOCCUPATE
Pre*oc"cu*pate, v. t. Etym: [L. praeoccupatus, p. p. of praeoccupare
to preoccupy. See Preoccupy.]

1. To anticipate; to take before. [Obs.] "Fear preoccupateth it
[death]." Bacon.

2. To prepossess; to prejudice. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

PREOCCUPATION
Pre*oc`cu*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. praeoccupatio: cf. F. préoccupation.]

1. The act of preoccupying, or taking possession of beforehand; the
state of being preoccupied; prepossession.

2. Anticipation of objections. [R.] South.

PREOCCUPY
Pre*oc"cu*py, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preoccupied (-pid); p. pr. & vb. n.
Preoccupying.] Etym: [Cf. F. préoccuper. See Preoccupate, Occupy.]

1. To take possession of before another; as, to preoccupy a country
not before held.

2. To prepossess; to engage, occupy, or engross the attention of,
beforehand; hence, to prejudice.
I Think it more respectful to the reader to leave something to
reflections than to preoccupy his judgment. Arbuthnot.

PREOCULAR
Pre*oc"u*lar, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Placed just in front of the eyes, as the antennæ of certain
insects.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the scales just in front of the eye of a reptile or
fish.

PREOMINATE
Pre*om"i*nate, v. t.

Defn: To ominate beforehand; to portend. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PREOPERCULAR
Pre`o*per"cu*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated in front of the operculum; pertaining to the
preoperculum.
 -- n.

Defn: The preoperculum.

PREOPERCULUM
Pre`o*per"cu*lum, n Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: The anterior opercular bone in fishes.

PREOPINION
Pre`o*pin"ion, n.

Defn: Opinion previously formed; prepossession; prejudice. Sir T.
Browne.

PREOPTION
Pre*op"tion, n.

Defn: Right of first choice.

PREORAL
Pre*o"ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated in front of, or anterior to, the mouth; as, preoral
bands.

PREORBITAL
Pre*or"bit*al

Defn: a. (Anat.) Situated in front or the orbit.

PREORDAIN
Pre`or*dain", v. t. Etym: [Pref. pre + ordain: cf. L. praeordinare.]

Defn: To ordain or appoint beforehand: to predetermine: to
foreordain. Milton.

PREORDER
Pre*or"der, v. t.

Defn: To order to arrange beforehand; to foreordain. Sir W. Hamilton.

PREORDINANCE
Pre*or"di*nance, n.

Defn: Antecedent decree or determination. Shak.

PREORDINATE
Pre*or"di*nate, a. Etym: [L. praeordinatus, p. p. See Preordain.]

Defn: Preordained. [R.] Sir T. Elyot.

PREORDINATION
Pre*or`di*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. préordination.]

Defn: The act of foreordaining: previous determination. "The
preordination of God." Bale.

PREPARABLE
Pre*par"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being prepared. "Medicine preparable by art." Boyle.

PREPARATION
Prep`a*ra"tion, n. Etym: [F. préparation, L. praeparatio. See
Prepare.]

1. The act of preparing or fitting beforehand for a particular
purpose, use, service, or condition; previous arrangement or
adaptation; a making ready; as, the preparation of land for a crop of
wheat; the preparation of troops for a campaign.

2. The state of being prepared or made ready; preparedness;
readiness; fitness; as, a nation in good preparation for war.

3. That which makes ready, prepares the way, or introduces; a
preparatory act or measure.
I will show what preparations there were in nature for this
dissolution. T. Burnet.

4. That which is prepared, made, or compounded by a certain process
or for a particular purpose; a combination. Specifically: (a) Any
medicinal substance fitted for use. (b) Anything treated for
preservation or examination as a specimen. (c) Something prepared for
use in cookery.
I wish the chemists had been more sparing who magnify their
preparations. Sir T. Browne.
In the preparations of cookery, the most volatile parts of vegetables
are destroyed. Arbuthnot.

5. An army or fleet. [Obs.] Shak.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: The holding over of a note from one chord into the next chord,
where it forms a temporary discord, until resolved in the chord that
follows; the anticipation of a discordant note in the preceding
concord, so that the ear is prepared for the shock. See Suspension.

7. Accomplishment; qualification. [Obs.] Shak.

PREPARATIVE
Pre*par"a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. préparatif.]

Defn: Tending to prepare or make ready; having the power of
preparing, qualifying, or fitting; preparatory.
Laborious quest of knowledge preparative to this work. South.

PREPARATIVE
Pre*par"a*tive, n.

1. That which has the power of preparing, or previously fitting for a
purpose; that which prepares. "A preparative unto sermons." Hooker.

2. That which is done in the way of preparation. "Necessary
preparatives for our voyage." Dryden.

PREPARATIVELY
Pre*par"a*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of preparation.

PREPARATOR
Pre*par"a*tor, n. Etym: [L. praeparator.]

Defn: One who prepares beforehand, as subjects for dissection,
specimens for preservation in collections, etc. Agassiz.

PREPARATORY
Pre*par"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. praeparatorius: cf. F. préparatoire.]

Defn: Preparing the way for anything by previous measures of
adaptation; antecedent and adapted to what follows; introductory;
preparative; as, a preparatory school; a preparatory condition.

PREPARE
Pre*pare", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prepare; p. pr. & vb. n. Preparing.]
Etym: [F. préparer, L. praeparare; prae before + parare to make
ready. See Pare.]

1. To fit, adapt, or qualify for a particular purpose or condition;
to make ready; to put into a state for use or application; as, to
prepare ground for seed; to prepare a lesson.
Our souls, not yet prepared for upper light. Dryden.

2. To procure as suitable or necessary; to get ready; to provide; as,
to prepare ammunition and provisions for troops; to prepare ships for
defence; to prepare an entertainment. Milton.
That they may prepare a city for habitation. Ps. cvii. 36

Syn.
 -- To fit; adjust; adapt; qualify; equip; provide; form; make; make;
ready.

PREPARE
Pre*pare" (, v. i.

1. To make all things ready; to put things in order; as, to prepare
for a hostile invasion. "Bid them prepare for dinner." Shak.

2. To make one's self ready; to get ready; to take the necessary
previous measures; as, to prepare for death.

PREPARE
Pre*pare", n.

Defn: Preparation. [Obs.] Shak.

PREPARED
Pre*pared", a.

Defn: Made fit or suitable; adapted; ready; as, prepared food;
prepared questions.
 -- Pre*par"ed*ly, adv. Shak.
 -- Pre*par"ed*ness, n.

PREPARER
Pre*par"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, prepares, fits, or makes ready. Wood.

PREPAY
Pre*pay", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prepaid; p. pr. & vb. n. Prepaying.]

Defn: To pay in advance, or beforehand; as, to prepay postage.

PREPAYMENT
Pre*pay"ment, n.

Defn: Payment in advance.

PREPENIAL
Pre*pe"ni*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated in front of, or anterior to, the penis.

PREPENSE
Pre*pense", v. t. Etym: [Pref. pre + F. penser to think. See Pansy.]

Defn: To weigh or consider beforehand; to premeditate. [Obs.]
Spenser. Sir T. Elyot.

PREPENSE
Pre*pense", v. i.

Defn: To deliberate beforehand. [Obs.]

PREPENSE
Pre*pense", a. Etym: [See Pansy, and cf. Prepense, v. t.]

Defn: Devised, contrived, or planned beforehand; preconceived;
premeditated; aforethought; -- usually placed after the word it
qualifies; as, malice prepense.
This has not arisen from any misrepresentation or error prepense.
Southey.

PREPENSELY
Pre*pense"ly, adv.

Defn: In a premeditated manner.

PREPOLLENCE; PREPOLLENCY
Pre*pol"lence, Pre*pol"len*cy, n. Etym: [L. praepollentia.]

Defn: The quality or state of being prepollent; superiority of power;
predominance; prevalence. [R.] Coventry.

PREPOLLENT
Pre*pol"lent, a. Etym: [L. praepollens, p. p. of praepollere to
surpass in power; prae before + pollere to be powerful.]

Defn: Having superior influence or power; prevailing; predominant.
[R.] Boyle.

PREPOLLENT
Pre*pol"lent, n.; pl. Prepollices Etym: [NL. See Pre-, Pollex.]
(Anat.)

Defn: An extra first digit, or rudiment of a digit, on the preaxial
side of the pollex.

PREPONDER
Pre*pon"der v. t.

Defn: To preponderate [Obs.]

PREPONDERANCE; PREPONDERANCY
Pre*pon"der*ance, Pre*pon"der*an*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. prépondérance.]

1. The quality or state of being preponderant; superiority or excess
of weight, influence, or power, etc.; an outweighing.
The mind should . . . reject or receive proportionably to the
preponderancy of the greater grounds of probability. Locke.
In a few weeks he had changed the relative position of all the states
in Europe, and had restored the equilibrium which the preponderance
of one power had destroyed. Macaulay.

2. (Gun.)

Defn: The excess of weight of that part of a canon behind the
trunnions over that in front of them.

PREPONDERANT
Pre*pon"der*ant a. Etym: [L. praeponderans, -antis: cf. F.
prépondérant. See Preponderate.]

Defn: Preponderating; outweighing; overbalancing; -- used literally
and figuratively; as, a preponderant weight; of preponderant
importance.
 -- Pre*pon"der*ant*ly, adv.

PREPONDERATE
Pre*pon"der*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preponderated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Preponderating.] Etym: [L. praeponderatus, p. p. of praeponderare;
prae before + ponderare to weigh, fr., pondus, ponderis, a weight.
See Ponder.]

1. To outweigh; to overpower by weight; to exceed in weight; to
overbalance.
An inconsiderable weight, by distance from the center of the balance,
will preponderate greater magnitudes. Glanvill.

2. To overpower by stronger or moral power.

3. To cause to prefer; to incline; to decide. [Obs.]
The desire to spare Christian blood preponderates him for peace.
Fuller.

PREPONDERATE
Pre*pon"der*ate, v. i.

Defn: To exceed in weight; hence, to incline or descend, as the scale
of a balance; figuratively, to exceed in influence, power, etc.;
hence; to incline to one side; as, the affirmative side
preponderated.
That is no just balance in which the heaviest side will not
preponderate. Bp. Wilkins.

PREPONDERATINGLY
Pre*pon"der*a`ting*ly, adv.

Defn: In a preponderating manner; preponderantly.

PREPONDERATION
Pre*pon`der*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. praeponderatio.]

Defn: The act or state of preponderating; preponderance; as, a
preponderation of reasons. I. Watts.

PREPOSE
Pre*pose", v. t. Etym: [F. préposer; pref. pré- (L. prae before) +
poser. See Pose.]

Defn: To place or set before; to prefix. [Obs.] Fuller.

PREPOSITION
Prep`o*si"tion, n. Etym: [L. praepositio, fr. praeponere to place
before; prae before + ponere to put, place: cf. F. préposition. See
Position, and cf. Provost.]

1. (Gram.)

Defn: A word employed to connect a noun or a pronoun, in an
adjectival or adverbial sense, with some other word; a particle used
with a noun or pronoun (in English always in the objective case) to
make a phrase limiting some other word; -- so called because usually
placed before the word with which it is phrased; as, a bridge of
iron; he comes from town; it is good for food; he escaped by running.

2. A proposition; an exposition; a discourse. [Obs.]
He made a long preposition and oration. Fabyan.

PREPOSITIONAL
Prep`o*si"tion*al a. Etym: [Cf. F. prépositionnel.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a preposition; of the nature of a
preposition. Early.
 -- Prep`o*si"tion*al*ly, adv.

PREPOSITIVE
Pre*pos"i*tive, a. Etym: [L. praepositivus: cf. F. prépositif.]
(Gram.)

Defn: Put before; prefixed; as, a prepositive particle.
 -- n.

Defn: A prepositive word. Tooke.

PREPOSITOR
Pre*pos"i*tor, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A scholar appointed to inspect other scholars; a monitor. Todd.

PREPOSITURE
Pre*pos"i*ture, n. Etym: [L. praepositura. See Preposition, and cf.
Provost.]

Defn: The office or dignity of a provost; a provostship. Lowth.

PREPOSSESS
Pre`pos*sess", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prepossessed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prepossessing.]

1. To preoccupy, as ground or land; to take previous possession of.
Dryden.

2. To preoccupy, as the mind or heart, so as to preclude other
things; hence, to bias or prejudice; to give a previous inclination
to, for or against anything; esp., to induce a favorable opinion
beforehand, or at the outset.
It created him enemies, and prepossessed the lord general. Evelyn.

PREPOSSESSING
Pre`pos*sess"ing, a.

Defn: Tending to invite favor; attracting confidence, favor, esteem,
or love; attractive; as, a prepossessing manner.
 -- Pre`pos*sess"ing*ly, adv.

PREPOSSESSION
Pre`pos*ses"sion, n.

1. Preoccupation; prior possession. Hammond.

2. Preoccupation of the mind by an opinion, or impression, already
formed; preconceived opinion; previous impression; bias; --
generally, but not always, used in a favorable sense; as, the
prepossessions of childhood. "The prejudices and prepossessions of
the country." Sir W. Scott.

Syn.
 -- Bent; bias; inclination; preoccupancy; prejudgment. See Bent.

PREPOSSESSOR
Pre`*pos*sess"or, n.

Defn: One who possesses, or occupies, previously. R. Brady.

PREPOSTEROUS
Pre*pos"ter*ous a.Etym: [L. praeposterus; prae before + posterus
coming after, latter. See Posterior.]

1. Having that first which ought to be last; inverted in order.
[Obs.]
The method I take may be censured as preposterous, because I thus
treat last of the antediluvian earth, which was first in the order of
nature. Woodward.

2. Contrary to nature or reason; not adapted to the end; utterly and
glaringly foolish; unreasonably absurd; perverted. "Most preposterous
conclusions." Shak.
Preposterous ass, that never read so far! Shak.

Syn.
 -- Absurd; perverted; wrong; irrational; foolish; monstrous. See
Absurd.
 -- Pre*pos"ter*ous*ly, adv. -Pre*pos"ter*ous*ness, n.

PREPOSTOR
Pre*pos"tor n.

Defn: See Prepositor.

PREPOTENCY
Pre*po"ten*cy, n. Etym: [L. praepotentia: cf. F. prépotence.]

1. The quality or condition of being prepotent; predominance. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The capacity, on the part of one of the parents, as compared
with the other, to transmit more than his or her own share of
characteristics to their offspring.

PREPOTENT
Pre*po"tent a. Etym: [L. praepotens. See Pre-, and Potent.]

1. Very powerful; superior in force, influence, or authority;
predominant. Plaifere.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Characterized by prepotency. Darwin.

PREPROVIDE
Pre`pro*vide", v. t.

Defn: To provide beforehand. "The materials preprovided." Fuller.

PREPUBIC
Pre*pu"bic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated in front of, or anterior to, the pubis; pertaining to
the prepubis.

PREPUBIS
Pre*pu"bis, n. Etym: [NL. See Pre-, and Pubis.] (Anat.)

Defn: A bone or cartilage, of some animals, situated in the middle
line in front of the pubic bones.

PREPUCE
Pre"puce, n. Etym: [F. prépuce, L. praeputium.] (Anat.)

Defn: The foreskin.

PREPUTIAL
Pre*pu"tial, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the prepuce.

PRERAPHAELISM; PRERAPHAELITISM
Pre*raph"a*el*ism, Pre*raph"a*el*i`tism, n. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The doctrine or practice of a school of modern painters who
profess to be followers of the painters before Raphael. Its adherents
advocate careful study from nature, delicacy and minuteness of
workmanship, and an exalted and delicate conception of the subject.

PRERAPHAELITE
Pre*raph"a*el*ite, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the style called preraphaelitism; as, a
preraphaelite figure; a preraphaelite landscape. Ruskin.

PRERAPHAELITE
Pre*raph"a*el*ite, n.

Defn: One who favors or practices art as it was before Raphael; one
who favors or advocates preraphaelitism.

PRE-RAPHAELITE
Pre-Raph"a*el*ite, n.

Defn: Popularly, any modern artist thought to be a would-be restorer
of early ideas or methods, as one of the German painters often called
Nazarenes, or one who paints and draws with extreme minuteness of
detail.

PREREGNANT
Pre*reg"nant, n.

Defn: One who reigns before another; a sovereign predecessor. [R.]
Warner.

PREREMOTE
Pre`re*mote a.

Defn: More remote in previous time or prior order.
In some cases two more links of causation may be introduced; one of
them may be termed the preremote cause, the other the postremote
effect. E. Darwin.

PREREQUIRE
Pre`re*quire", v. t.

Defn: To require beforehand.
Some things are prerequired of us. Bp. Hall.

PREREQUISITE
Pre*req"ui*site, a.

Defn: Previously required; necessary as a preliminary to any proposed
effect or end; as, prerequisite conditions of success.

PREREQUISITE
Pre*req"ui*site, n.

Defn: Something previously required, or necessary to an end or effect
proposed.
The necessary prerequisites of freedom. Goldsmith.

PRERESOLVE
Pre`re*solve", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Preresolved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Preresolving.]

Defn: To resolve beforehand; to predetermine. Sir E. Dering.

PREROGATIVE
Pre*rog"a*tive, n. Etym: [F. prérogative, from L. praerogativa
precedence in voting, preference, privilege, fr. praerogativus that
is asked before others for his opinion, that votes before or first,
fr. praerogare to ask before another; prae before + rogare to ask.
See Rogation.]

1. An exclusive or peculiar privilege; prior and indefeasible right;
fundamental and essential possession; -- used generally of an
official and hereditary right which may be asserted without question,
and for the exercise of which there is no responsibility or
accountability as to the fact and the manner of its exercise.
The two faculties that are the prerogative of man -- the powers of
abstraction and imagination. I. Taylor.
An unconstitutional exercise of his prerogative. Macaulay.

2. Precedence; preëminence; first rank. [Obs.]
Then give me leave to have prerogative. Shak.

Note: The term came into general use in the conflicts between the
Crown and Parliaments of Great Britain, especially in the time of the
Stuarts. Prerogative Court (Eng. Law), a court which formerly had
authority in the matter of wills and administrations, where the
deceased left bona notabilia, or effects of the value of five pounds,
in two or more different dioceses. Blackstone.
 -- Prerogative office, the office in which wills proved in the
Prerogative Court were registered.

Syn.
 -- Privilege; right. See Privilege.

PREROGATIVED
Pre*rog"a*tived, a.

Defn: Endowed with a prerogative, or exclusive privilege. [R.] Shak.

PREROGATIVELY
Pre*rog"a*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By prerogative.

PRESAGE
Pre"sage, n. Etym: [F. présage, L. praesagium, from praesagire. See
Presage, v. t. ]

1. Something which foreshows or portends a future event; a
prognostic; an omen; an augury. "Joy and shout -- presage of
victory." Milton.

2. Power to look the future, or the exercise of that power;
foreknowledge; presentiment.
If there be aught of presage in the mind. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Prognostic; omen; token; sign; presentiment.

PRESAGE
Pre*sage" v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presaged (-sajd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Presaging. ] Etym: [F. présager, L. praesagire: prae before + sagire
to perceive acutely or sharply. See Sagacious.]

1. To have a presentiment of; to feel beforehand; to foreknow.

2. To foretell; to predict; to foreshow; to indicate.
My dreams presage some joyful news at hand. Shak.

PRESAGE
Pre*sage", v. i.

Defn: To form or utter a prediction; -- sometimes used with of.
Dryden.

PRESAGEFUL
Pre*sage"ful a.

Defn: Full of presages; ominous.
Dark in the glass of some presageful mood. Tennyson.

PRESAGEMENT
Pre*sage"ment, n.

1. The act or art of presaging; a foreboding. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. That which is presaged, or foretold. [R.] "Ominous presagement
before his end. " Sir H. Wotton.

PRESAGER
Pre*sa"ger n.

Defn: One who, or that which, presages; a foreteller; a foreboder.
Shak.

PRESAGIOUS
Pre*sa"gious, a.

Defn: Foreboding; ominous. [Obs.]

PRESBYOPE
Pres"by*ope, n. (Med.)

Defn: One who has presbyopia; a farsighted person.

PRESBYOPIA
Pres`by*o"pi*a Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A defect of vision consequent upon advancing age. It is due to
rigidity of the crystalline lens, which producepresbytia.

PRESBYOPIC
Pres`by*op"ic a.

Defn: Affected by presbyopia; also, remedying presbyopia; farsighted.

PRESBYOPY
Pres"by*o`py n. Etym: [Cf. F. presbyopie.]

Defn: See Presbyopia.

PRESBYTE
Pres"byte, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Same as Presbyope.

PRESBYTER
Pres"by*ter, n. Etym: [L. an elder, fr. Gr. Priest.]

1. An elder in the early Christian church. See 2d Citation under
Bishop, n., 1.

2. (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.)

Defn: One ordained to the second order in the ministry; -- called
also priest.
I rather term the one sort presbyter than priest. Hooker.
New presbyter is but old priest writ large. Milton.

3. (Presbyterian Ch.)

Defn: A member of a presbytery whether lay or clerical.

4. A Presbyterian. [Obs.] Hudibras.

PRESBYTERAL
Pres*byt"er*al a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a presbyter or presbytery; presbyterial.

PRESBYTERATE
Pres*byt"er*ate n. Etym: [L. presbyteratus: cf. F. presbytérat.]

Defn: A presbytery; also, presbytership. Heber.

PRESBYTERESS
Pres"by*ter*ess, n.

Defn: A female presbyter. Bale.

PRESBYTERIAL
Pres`by*te"ri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. presbytéral.]

Defn: Presbyterian. "Presbyterial government." Milton.

PRESBYTERIAN
Pres`by*te"ri*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. presbytérien.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a presbyter, or to ecclesiastical
government by presbyters; relating to those who uphold church
government by presbyters; also, to the doctrine, discipline, and
worship of a communion so governed.

PRESBYTERIAN
Pres`by*te"ri*an, n. Etym: [Cf. F. presbytérien.]

Defn: One who maintains the validity of ordination and government by
presbyters; a member of the Presbyterian church. Reformed
Presbyterians. See Cameronian.

PRESBYTERIANISM
Pres`by*te"ri*an*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. presbytérianisme.]

Defn: That form of church government which invests presbyters with
all spiritual power, and admits no prelates over them; also, the
faith and polity of the Presbyterian churches, taken collectively.

PRESBYTERIUM
Pres`by*te"ri*um, n. Etym: [L.] (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Presbytery, 4.

PRESBYTERSHIP
Pres"by*ter*ship, n.

Defn: The office or station of a presbyter; presbyterate.

PRESBYTERY
Pres"by*ter*y, n.; pl. Presbyteries. Etym: [L. presbyterium, Gr.
Presbyter, and cf. Presbyterium.]

1. A body of elders in the early Christian church.

2. (Presbyterian Ch.)

Defn: A judicatory consisting of all the ministers within a certain
district, and one layman, who is a ruling elder, from each parish or
church, commissioned to represent the church in conjunction with the
pastor. This body has a general jurisdiction over the churches under
its care, and next below the provincial synod in authority.

3. The Presbyterian religion of polity. [R.] Tatler.

4.
(a) (Arch.) That part of the church reserved for the officiating
priest.
(b) The residence of a priest or clergyman. Gwilt.

PRESBYTIA
Pres*byt"i*a n. Etym: [NL. See Presbyte.] (Med.)

Defn: Presbyopia.

PRESBYTIC
Pres*byt"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Presbyopic.

PRESBYTISM
Pres"byt*ism, n.

Defn: Presbyopia.

PRESCAPULA
Pre*scap"u*la, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: The part of the scapula in front of, or above, the spine, or
mesoscapula.

PRESCAPULAR
Pre*scap"u*lar, a.

Defn: (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prescapula; supraspinous.

PRESCIENCE
Pre"sci*ence n. Etym: [F. prescience, L. praescientia. See
Prescient.]

Defn: Knowledge of events before they take place; foresight.
God's certain prescience of the volitions of moral agents. J.
Edwards.

PRESCIENT
Presci*ent, a. Etym: [L. praesciens, -entis, p. pr. of praescire to
foreknow; prae before + scire to know: cf. F. prescient. See
Science.]

Defn: Having knowledge of coming events; foreseeing; conscious
beforehand. Pope.
Henry . . . had shown himself sensible, and almost prescient, of this
event. Bacon.

PRESCIENTLY
Pre"sci*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: With presciense or foresight.

PRESCIND
Pre*scind", v. t. Etym: [L. praescindere to cut off in front; prae
before + scindere to cut asunder: cf. F. prescinder.]

1. To cut off; to abstract. [Obs.] Norris.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: To consider by a separate act of attention or analysis. Sir W.
Hamilton.

PRESCINDENT
Pre*scind"ent, a. Etym: [L. praescius; prae before + scius knowing,
fr. scire to know.]

Defn: Cutting off; abstracting. [R.] Cheyne.

PRESCIOUS
Pre"scious (pre"shus), a. [L. praescius; prae before + scius knowing,
fr. scire to know.]

Defn: Foreknowing; having foreknowledge; as, prescious of ills. [R.]
Dryden.

PRESCRIBE
Pre*scribe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prescribed; p. pr & vb. n.
Prescribing.] Etym: [L. praescribere, praescriptum; prae before +
scriebe to write. See Scribe.]

1. To lay down authoritatively as a guide, direction, or rule of
action; to impose as a peremptory order; to dictate; to appoint; to
direct.
Prescribe not us our duties. Shak.
Let streams prescribe their fountains where to run. Dryden.

2. (Med.)

Defn: To direct, as a remedy to be used by a patient; as, the doctor
prescribed quinine.

Syn.
 -- To appoint; order; command; dictate; ordain; institute;
establish.

PRESCRIBE
Pre*scribe", v. i.

1. To give directions; to dictate.
A forwardness to prescribe to their opinions. Locke.

2. To influence by long use [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

3. (Med.)

Defn: To write or to give medical directions; to indicate remedies;
as, to prescribe for a patient in a fever.

4. (Law)

Defn: To claim by prescription; to claim a title to a thing on the
ground of immemorial use and enjoyment, that is, by a custom having
the force of law.

PRESCRIBER
Pre*scrib"er, n.

Defn: One who prescribes.

PRESCRIPT
Pre"script, a. Etym: [L. praescriptus, p. p. of praescribere: cf. F.
prescrit. See Prescribe.]

Defn: Directed; prescribed. " A prescript from of words." Jer.
Taylor.

PRESCRIPT
Pre"script, n. Etym: [L. praescriptum: cf. OF. prescript.]

1. Direction; precept; model prescribed. Milton.

2. A medical prescription. [Obs.] Bp. Fell.

PRESCRIPTIBILITY
Pre*scrip`ti*bil"i*ty, n

Defn: , The quality or state of being prescriptible. Story.

PRESCRIPTIBLE
Pre*scrip"ti*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. prescriptible. ]

Defn: Depending on, or derived from, prescription; proper to be
prescribed. Grafton.

PRESCRIPTION
Pre*scrip"tion, n. Etym: [F. prescription, L. praescriptio,an
inscription, preface, precept, demurrer, prescription (in sense 3),
fr. praescribere. See Prescribe.]

1. The act of prescribing, directing, or dictating; direction;
precept; also, that which is prescribed.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A direction of a remedy or of remedies for a disease, and the
manner of using them; a medical recipe; also, a prescribed remedy.

3. (Law)

Defn: A prescribing for title; the claim of title to a thing by
virtue immemorial use and enjoyment; the right or title acquired by
possession had during the time and in the manner fixed by law. Bacon.
That profound reverence for law and prescription which has long been
characteristic of Englishmen. Macaulay.

Note: Prescription differs from custom, which is a local usage, while
prescription is personal, annexed to the person only. Prescription
only extends to incorporeal rights, such as aright of way, or of
common. What the law gives of common rights is not the subject of
prescription. Blackstone. Cruise. Kent. In Scotch law, prescription
is employed in the sense in which limitation is used in England and
America, namely, to express that operation of the lapse of time by
which obligations are extinguished or title protected. Sir T. Craig.
Erskine.

PRESCRIPTIVE
Pre*scrip"tive, a. Etym: [L. praescriptivus of a demurrer or legal
exception.] (Law)

Defn: Consisting in, or acquired by, immemorial or long-continued use
and enjoyment; as, a prescriptive right of title; pleading the
continuance and authority of long custom.
The right to be drowsy in protracted toil has become prescriptive. J.
M. Mason.

PRESCRIPTIVELY
Pre*scrip"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By prescription.

PRESCUTUM
Pre*scu"tum, n.; pl. Prescuta (. Etym: [NL. See Præ-, and Scutum.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The first of the four pieces composing the dorsal part, or
tergum, of a thoracic segment of an insect. It is usually small and
inconspicuous.

PRESEANCE
Pre"se*ance, n. Etym: [F. préséance. See Preside.]

Defn: Priority of place in sitting.[Obs.] Carew.

PRESELECT
Pre`se*lect", v. t.

Defn: To select beforehand.

PRESENCE
Pres"ence, n. Etym: [F. présence, L. praesentia. See Present.]

1. The state of being present, or of being within sight or call, or
at hand; -- opposed to absence.

2. The place in which one is present; the part of space within one's
ken, call, influence, etc.; neighborhood without the intervention of
anything that forbids intercourse.
Wrath shell be no more Thenceforth, but in thy presence joy entire.
Milton.

3. Specifically, neighborhood to the person of one of superior of
exalted rank; also, presence chamber.
In such a presence here to plead my thoughts. Shak.
An't please your grace, the two great cardinals. Wait in the
presence. Shak.

4. The whole of the personal qualities of an individual; person;
personality; especially, the person of a superior, as a sovereign.
The Sovran Presence thus replied. Milton.

5. An assembly, especially of person of rank or nobility; noble
company.
Odmar, of all this presence does contain, Give her your wreath whom
you esteem most fair. Dryden.

6. Port, mien; air; personal appearence. "Rather dignity of presence
than beauty of aspect." Bacon.
A graceful presence bespeaks acceptance. Collier.
Presence chamber, or Presence room, the room in which a great
personage receives company. Addison." Chambers of presence." Bacon.
 -- Presence of mind, that state of the mind in which all its
faculties are alert, prompt, and acting harmoniously in obedience to
the will, enabling one to reach, as it were spontaneously or by
intuition, just conclusions in sudden emergencies.

PRESENSATION
Pre`sen*sa"tion, n.

Defn: Previous sensation, notion, or idea. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

PRESENSION
Pre*sen"sion, n. Etym: [L. praesensio, fr. praesentire to perceive
beforehand. See Presentient.]

Defn: Previous perception. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PRESENT
Pres"ent, a. Etym: [F. présent, L. praesens,-entis, that is before
one, in sight or at hand, p. p. of praeesse to be before; prae before
+ esse to be. See Essence.]

1. Being at hand, within reach or call, within certain contemplated
limits; -- opposed to absent.
These things have I spoken unto you, being yet present with you. John
xiv. 25.

2. Now existing, or in process; begun but not ended; now in view, or
under consideration; being at this time; not past or future; as, the
present session of Congress; the present state of affairs; the
present instance.
I'll bring thee to the present business Shak.

3. Not delayed; immediate; instant; coincident. "A present
recompense." "A present pardon." Shak.
An ambassador . . . desires a present audience. Massinger.

4. Ready; quick in emergency; as a present wit. [R.]

5. Favorably attentive; propitious. [Archaic]
To find a god so present to my prayer. Dryden.
Present tense (Gram.), the tense or form of a verb which expresses
action or being in the present time; as, I am writing, I write, or I
do write.

PRESENT
Pres"ent, n. Etym: [Cf. F. présent. See Present, a.]

1. Present time; the time being; time in progress now, or at the
moment contemplated; as, at this present.
Past and present, wound in one. Tennyson.

2. pl. (Law)

Defn: Present letters or instrument, as a deed of conveyance, a
lease, letter of attorney, or other writing; as in the phrase, " Know
all men by these presents," that is, by the writing itself, " per has
literas praesentes; " -- in this sense, rarely used in the singular.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: A present tense, or the form of the verb denoting the present
tense. At present, at the present time; now.
 -- For the present, for the tine being; temporarily.
 -- In present, at once, without delay. [Obs.] "With them, in
present, half his kingdom; the rest to follow at his death." Milton.

PRESENT
Pre*sent", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Presenting.] Etym: [F. présenter, L. praesentare, fr. praesens, a.
See Present, a.]

1. To bring or introduce into the presence of some one, especially of
a superior; to introduce formally; to offer for acquaintance; as, to
present an envoy to the king; (with the reciprocal pronoun) to come
into the presence of a superior.
Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves
before the lord. Job i. 6

2. To exhibit or offer to view or notice; to lay before one's
perception or cognizance; to set forth; to present a fine appearance.
Lectorides's memory is ever . . . presenting him with the thoughts of
other persons. I. Watts.

3. To pass over, esp. in a ceremonious manner; to give in charge or
possession; to deliver; to make over.
So ladies in romance assist their knight, Present the spear, and arm
him for the fight. Pope.

4. To make a gift of; to bestow; to give, generally in a formal or
ceremonious manner; to grant; to confer.
My last, least offering, I present thee now. Cowper.

5. Hence: To endow; to bestow a gift upon; to favor, as with a
donation; also, to court by gifts.
Octavia presented the poet for him admirable elegy on her son
Marcellus. Dryden.

6. To present; to personate. [Obs.] Shak.

7. In specific uses;
(a) To nominate to an ecclesiastical benefice; to offer to the bishop
or ordinary as a candidate for institution.
The patron of a church may present his clerk to a parsonage or
vicarage; that is, may offer him to the bishop of the diocese to be
instituted. Blackstone.

(b) To nominate for support at a public school or other institution .
Lamb.
(c) To lay before a public body, or an official, for consideration,
as before a legislature, a court of judicature, a corporation, etc.;
as, to present a memorial, petition, remonstrance, or indictment.
(d) To lay before a court as an object of inquiry; to give notice
officially of, as a crime of offence; to find or represent
judicially; as, a grand jury present certain offenses or nuisances,
or whatever they think to be public injuries.
(e) To bring an indictment against . [U.S]
(f) To aim, point, or direct, as a weapon; as, to present a pistol or
the point of a sword to the breast of another. Pesent arms (Mil.),
the command in response to which the gun is carried perpendicularly
in front of the center of the body, and held there with the left hand
grasping it at the lower band, and the right hand grasping the small
of the stock, in token of respect, as in saluting a superior officer;
also, the position taken at such a command.

PRESENT
Pre*sent", v. i. (Med.)

Defn: To appear at the mouth of the uterus so as to be perceptible to
the finger in vaginal examination; -- said of a part of an infant
during labor.

PRESENT
Pres"ent, n. Etym: [F. présent .]

Defn: Anything presented or given; a gift; a donative; as, a
Christmas present.

Syn.
 -- Gift; donation; donative; benefaction. See Gift.

PRESENT
Pre*sent", n. (Mil.)

Defn: The position of a soldier in presenting arms; as, to stand at
present.

PRESENTABLE
Pre*sent"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. présentable.]

1. Capable or admitting of being presented; suitable to be exhibited,
represented, or offered; fit to be brought forward or set forth;
hence, fitted to be introduced to another, or to go into society; as,
ideas that are presentable in simple language; she is not presentable
in such a gown.

2. Admitting of the presentation of a clergiman; as, a church
presentable. [R.] Ayliffe.

PRESENTANEOUS
Pres`en*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. praesentaneus. See Present, a.]

Defn: Ready; quick; immediate in effect; as, presentaneous poison.
[Obs.] Harvey.

PRESENTATION
Pres`en*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. praesentatio a showing, representation:
cf. F. présentation.]

1. The act of presenting, or the state of being presented; a setting
forth; an offering; bestowal.
Prayers are sometimes a presentation of mere desires. Hooker.

2. Hence,

Defn: exhibition; representation; display; appearance; semblance;
show.
Under the presentation of the shoots his wit. Shak.

3. That which is presented or given; a present; a gift, as, the
picture was a presentation. [R.]

4. (Eccl.)

Defn: The act of offering a clergyman to the bishop or ordinary for
institution in a benefice; the right of presenting a clergyman.
If the bishop admits the patron's presentation, the clerk so admitted
is next to be instituted by him. Blackstone.

5. (Med.)

Defn: The particular position of the child during labor relatively to
the passage though which it is to be brought forth; -- specifically
designated by the part which first appears at the mouth of the
uterus; as, a breech presentation. Presentation copy, a copy of a
book, engraving, etc., presented to some one by the author or artist,
as a token of regard.

PRESENTATIVE
Pre*sent"a*tive, a.

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: Having the right of presentation, or offering a clergyman to
the bishop for institution; as, advowsons are presentative,
collative, or donative. Blackstone.

2. Admitting the presentation of a clergyman; as, a presentative
parsonage. Spelman.

3. (Metaph.)

Defn: Capable of being directly known by, or presented to, the mind;
intuitive; directly apprehensible, as objects; capable of
apprehending, as faculties.
The latter term, presentative faculty, I use . . . in contrast and
correlation to a "representative faculty." Sir W. Hamilton.

PRESENTEE
Pres`en*tee", n. Etym: [F. présenté, p. p. See Present, v. t. ]

Defn: One to whom something is presented; also, one who is presented;
specifically (Eccl.), one presented to benefice. Ayliffe.

PRESENTER
Pre*sent"er, n.

Defn: One who presents.

PRESENTIAL
Pre*sen"tial, a. Etym: [LL. praesentialis.]

Defn: Implying actual presence; present, immediate. [Obs.]
God's mercy is made presential to us. Jer. Taylor.
-- Pre*sen"tial*ly, adv. [Obs.]

PRESENTIALITY
Pre*sen`ti*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: State of being actually present. [Obs.] South.

PRESENTIATE
Pre*sen"ti*ate, v. t.

Defn: To make present. [Obs.]

PRESENTIENT
Pre*sen"tient, a. Etym: [L. praesentiens, p. pr. of praesentire to
perceive beforehand; prae before + sentire to feel.]

Defn: Feeling or perceiving beforehand.

PRESENTIFIC
Pres`en*tif"ic, a. Etym: [L. praesens, -entis, present + facere to
make.]

Defn: Making present. [Obs.] -- Pres`en*tif"ic*ly, adv. [Obs.] Dr. H.
More.

PRESENTIFICAL
Pres`en*tif"ic*al, a.

Defn: Presentific. [Obs.]

PRESENTIMENT
Pre*sen"ti*ment, n. Etym: [Pref. pre- + sentiment: cf. F.
pressentiment. See Presentient.]

Defn: Previous sentiment, conception, or opinion; previous
apprehension; especially, an antecedent impression or conviction of
something unpleasant, distressing, or calamitous, about to happen;
anticipation of evil; foreboding.

PRESENTIMENTAL
Pre*sen`ti*men"tal, a.

Defn: Of nature of a presentiment; foreboding. [R.] Coleridge.

PRESENTION
Pre*sen"tion, n.

Defn: See Presension. [Obs.]

PRESENTIVE
Pre*sent"ive, a. (Philol.)

Defn: Bringing a conception or notion directly before the mind;
presenting an object to the memory of imagination; -- distinguished
from symbolic.
How greatly the word "will" is felt to have lost presentive power in
the last three centuries. Earle.
-- Pre*sent"ive*ly, adv.
 -- Pre*sent"ive*ness, n.

PRESENTLY
Pres"ent*ly, adv.

1. At present; at this time; now. [Obs.]
The towns and forts you presently have. Sir P. Sidney.

2. At once; without delay; forthwith; also, less definitely, soon;
shortly; before long; after a little while; by and by. Shak.
And presently the fig tree withered away. Matt. xxi. 19.

3. With actual presence; actually . [Obs.]
His precious body and blood presently three. Bp. Gardiner.

PRESENTMENT
Pre*sent"ment, n.

1. The act of presenting, or the state of being presented;
presentation. " Upon the heels of my presentment." Shak.

2. Setting forth to view; delineation; appearance; representation;
exhibition.
Power to cheat the eye with blear illusion, And give it false
presentment. Milton.

3. (Law)
(a) The notice taken by a grand jury of any offence from their own
knowledge or observation, without any bill of indictment laid before
them, as, the presentment of a nuisance, a libel, or the like; also,
an inquisition of office and indictment by a grand jury; an official
accusation presented to a tribunal by the grand jury in an
indictment, or the act of offering an indictment; also, the
indictment itself.
(b) The official notice (formerly required to be given in court) of
the surrender of a copyhold estate. Blackstone. Presentment of a bill
of exchange, the offering of a bill to the drawee for acceptance, or
to the acceptor for payment. See Bill of exchange, under Bill.

Mozley & W.

PRESENTNESS
Pres"ent*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being present; presence. [Obs.]
"Presentness of mind in danger." Clarendon.

PRESENTOIR
Pres`en*toir", n. Etym: [Formed after analogy of French.]

Defn: An ornamental tray, dish, or the like, used as a salver.

PRESENT VALUE; PRESENT WORTH
Pres"ent value or worth  (of money payable at a future date).

Defn: The principal which, drawing interest at a given rate, will
amount to the given sum at the date on which this is to be paid;
thus, interest being at 6%, the present value of $106 due one year
hence is $100.

PRESERVABLE
Pre*serv"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being preserved; admitting of preservation.

PRESERVATION
Pres`er*va"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. préservation.]

Defn: The act or process of preserving, or keeping safe; the state of
being preserved, or kept from injury, destruction, or decay;
security; safety; as, preservation of life, fruit, game, etc.; a
picture in good preservation.
Give us particulars of thy preservation. Shak.

PRESERVATIVE
Pre*serv"a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. préservatif.]

Defn: Having the power or quality of preserving; tending to preserve,
or to keep from injury, decay, etc.

PRESERVATIVE
Pre*serv"a*tive, n.

Defn: That which preserves, or has the power of preserving; a
presevative agent.
To wear tablets as preservatives against the plague. Bacon.

PRESERVATORY
Pre*serv"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Preservative. Bp. Hall.

PRESERVATORY
Pre*serv"a*to*ry, n.; pl. Preservatories (.

1. A preservative. [Obs.] Whitlock.

2. A room, or apparatus, in which perishable things, as fruit,
vegetables, etc., can be preserved without decay.

PRESERVE
Pre*serve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preserved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Preserving.] Etym: [F. préserver, from L. prae before + servare to
save, preserve; cf. L. praeservare to observe beforehand. See Serve.]

1. To keep or save from injury or destruction; to guard or defend
from evil, harm, danger, etc.; to protect.
O Lord, thou preserved man and beast. Ps. xxxvi. 6.
Now, good angels preserve the king. Shak.

2. To save from decay by the use of some preservative substance, as
sugar, salt, etc.; to season and prepare for remaining in a good
state, as fruits, meat, etc.; as, to preserve peaches or grapes.
You can not preserve it from tainting. Shak.

3. To maintain throughout; to keep intact; as, to preserve
appearances; to preserve silence. To preserve game, to protect it
from extermination.

Syn.
 -- To keep; save; secure; uphold; sustain; defend; spare; protect;
guard; shield. See Keep.

PRESERVE
Pre*serve", v. i.

1. To make preserves. Shak.

2. To protect game for purposes of sport.

PRESERVE
Pre*serve", n.

1. That which is preserved; fruit, etc., seasoned and kept by
suitable preparation; esp., fruit cooked with sugar; -- commonly in
the plural.

2. A place in which game, fish, etc., are preserved for purposes of
sport, or for food.

PRESERVER
Pre*serv"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, preserves, saves, or defends, from
destruction, injury, or decay; esp., one who saves the life or
character of another. Shak.

2. One who makes preserves of fruit. Game preserver. See under Game.

PRESHOW
Pre*show", v. t.

Defn: To foreshow.

PRESIDE
Pre*side", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Presided; p. pr. & vb. n. Presiding.]
Etym: [L. praesidere; prae before + sedere to sit: cf. F. présider.
See Sit.]

1. To be set, or to sit, in the place of authority; to occupy the
place of president, chairman, moderator, director, etc.; to direct,
control, and regulate, as chief officer; as, to preside at a public
meeting; to preside over the senate.

2. To exercise superintendence; to watch over.
Some o'er the public magazines preside. Dryden.

PRESIDENCE
Pres"i*dence, n.

Defn: See Presidency. [Obs.]

PRESIDENCY
Pres"i*den*cy, n.; pl. Presidencies. Etym: [Cf. F. présidence.]

1. The function or condition of one who presides; superintendence;
control and care.

2. The office of president; as, Washington was elected to the
presidency.

3. The term during which a president holds his office; as, during the
presidency of Madison.

4. One of the three great divisions of British India, the Bengal,
Madras, and Bombay Presidencies, each of which had a council of which
its governor was president.

PRESIDENT
Pres"i*dent, n.

Defn: Precedent. [Obs.] Bacon.

PRESIDENT
Pres"i*dent, a.

Defn: Occupying the first rank or chief place; having the highest
authority; presiding. [R.]
His angels president In every province. Milton.

PRESIDENT
Pres"i*dent, n. Etym: [F. président, L. praesidens, -entis, p. pr. of
praesidere. See Preside.]

1. One who is elected or appointed to preside; a presiding officer,
as of a legislative body. Specifically:
(a) The chief officer of a corporation, company, institution,
society, or the like.
(b) The chief executive officer of the government in certain
republics; as, the president of the United States.

2. A protector; a guardian; a presiding genius. [Obs.]
Just Apollo, president of verse. Waller.

PRESIDENTIAL
Pres`i*den"tial, a.

1. Presiding or watching over. "Presidential angels." Glanvill.

2. Of or pertaining to a president; as, the presidential chair; a
presidential election.

PRESIDENTSHIP
Pres"i*dent*ship, n.

Defn: The office and dignity of president; presidency. Hooker.

PRESIDER
Pre*sid"er, n.

Defn: One who presides.

PRESIDIAL; PRESIDIARY
Pre*sid"i*al, Pre*sid"i*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. praesidialis and
praesidiarius, fr. praesidium a presiding over, defense, guard. See
Preside.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a garrison; having a garrison.
There are three presidial castles in this city. Howell.

PRESIDIARY
Pre*sid"i*a*ry, n. Etym: [L. praesidiarium.]

Defn: A guard. [Obs.] "Heavenly presidiaries." Bp. Hall.

PRESIDING
Pre*sid"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Preside. Presiding elder. See under 2d Elder.

PRESIDIO
Pre*si"di*o, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A place of defense; a fortress; a garrison; a fortress; a
garrison or guardhouse.

PRESIGNIFICATION
Pre*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion, n. [praesignificatio. See Presignify.]

Defn: The act of signifying or showing beforehand.

PRESIGNIFY
Pre*sig"ni*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presignified; imp. & p. p.
Presignifying.] Etym: [L. praesignificare; prae before + significare
to signify.]

Defn: To intimate or signify beforehand; to presage.

PRESPHENOID
Pre*sphe"noid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated in front of the sphenoid bone; of or pertaining to the
anterior part of the sphenoid bone (i. e., the presphenoid bone).
Presphenoid bone (Anat.), the anterior part of the body of the
sphenoid bone in front of the basisphenoid. It is usually a separate
bone in the young or fetus, but becomes a part of the sphenoid in the
adult.

PRESPHENOID
Pre*sphe"noid, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The presphenoid bone.

PRESPHENOIDAL
Pre`sphe*noid"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the presphenoid bone; presphenoid.

PRESPINAL
Pre*spi"nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Prevertebral.

PRESS
Press, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian insectivore (Tupaia ferruginea). It is arboreal
in its habits, and has a bushy tail. The fur is soft, and varies from
rusty red to maroon and to brownish black.

PRESS
Press, v. t. Etym: [Corrupt. fr. prest ready money advanced, a loan;
hence, earnest money given soldiers on entering service. See Prest,
n.]

Defn: To force into service, particularly into naval service; to
impress.
To peaceful peasant to the wars is pressed. Dryden.

PRESS
Press, n. Etym: [For prest, confused with press.]

Defn: A commission to force men into public service, particularly
into the navy.
I have misused the king's press. Shak.
Press gang, or Pressgang, a detachment of seamen under the command of
an officer empowered to force men into the naval service. See Impress
gang, under Impress.
 -- Press money, money paid to a man enlisted into public service.
See Prest money, under Prest, a.

PRESS
Press, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pressed; p. pr. & vb. n. Pressing.] Etym:
[F. presser, fr. L. pressare to press, fr. premere, pressum, to
press. Cf. Print, v.]

1. To urge, or act upon, with force, as weight; to act upon by
pushing or thrusting, in distinction from pulling; to crowd or compel
by a gradual and continued exertion; to bear upon; to squeeze; to
compress; as, we press the ground with the feet when we walk; we
press the couch on which we repose; we press substances with the
hands, fingers, or arms; we are pressed in a crowd.
Good measure, pressed down, and shaken together. Luke vi. 38.

2. To squeeze, in order to extract the juice or contents of; to
squeeze out, or express, from something.
From sweet kernels pressed, She tempers dulcet creams. Milton.
And I took the grapes, and pressed them into Pharaoh's cup, and I
gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand. Gen. xl. 11.

3. To squeeze in or with suitable instruments or apparatus, in order
to compact, make dense, or smooth; as, to press cotton bales, paper,
etc.; to smooth by ironing; as, to press clothes.

4. To embrace closely; to hug.
Leucothoe shook at these alarms, And pressed Palemon closer in her
arms. Pope.

5. To oppress; to bear hard upon.
Press not a falling man too far. Shak.

6. To straiten; to distress; as, to be pressed with want or hunger.

7. To exercise very powerful or irresistible influence upon or over;
to constrain; to force; to compel.
Paul was pressed in the spirit, and testified to the Jews that Jesus
was Christ. Acts xviii. 5.

8. To try to force (something upon some one); to urge or inculcate
with earnestness or importunity; to enforce; as, to press divine
truth on an audience.
He pressed a letter upon me within this hour. Dryden.
Be sure to press upon him every motive. Addison.

9. To drive with violence; to hurry; to urge on; to ply hard; as, to
press a horse in a race.
The posts . . . went cut, being hastened and pressed on, by the
king's commandment. Esther viii. 14.

Note: Press differs from drive and strike in usually denoting a slow
or continued application of force; whereas drive and strike denote a
sudden impulse of force. Pressed brick. See under Brick.

PRESS
Press, v. i.

1. To exert pressure; to bear heavily; to push, crowd, or urge with
steady force.

2. To move on with urging and crowding; to make one's way with
violence or effort; to bear onward forcibly; to crowd; to throng; to
encroach.
They pressed upon him for to touch him. Mark iii. 10.

3. To urge with vehemence or importunity; to exert a strong or
compelling influence; as, an argument presses upon the judgment.

PRESS
Press, n. Etym: [F. presse. See 4th Press.]

1. An apparatus or machine by which any substance or body is pressed,
squeezed, stamped, or shaped, or by which an impression of a body is
taken; sometimes, the place or building containing a press or
presses.

Note: Presses are differently constructed for various purposes in the
arts, their specific uses being commonly designated; as, a cotton
press, a wine press, a cider press, a copying press, etc. See Drill
press.

2. Specifically, a printing press.

3. The art or business of printing and publishing; hence, printed
publications, taken collectively, more especially newspapers or the
persons employed in writing for them; as, a free press is a blessing,
a licentious press is a curse.

4. An upright case or closet for the safe keeping of articles; as, a
clothes press. Shak.

5. The act of pressing or thronging forward.
In their throng and press to that last hold. Shak.

6. Urgent demands of business or affairs; urgency; as, a press of
engagements.

7. A multitude of individuals crowded together;
They could not come nigh unto him for the press. Mark ii. 4.
Cylinder press, a printing press in which the impression is produced
by a revolving cylinder under which the form passes; also, one in
which the form of type or plates is curved around a cylinder, instead
of resting on a flat bed. Hydrostatic press. See under Hydrostatic.
 -- Liberty of the press, the free right of publishing books,
pamphlets, or papers, without previous restraint or censorship,
subject only to punishment for libelous, seditious, or morally
pernicious matters.
 -- Press bed, a bed that may be folded, and inclosed, in a press or
closet. Boswell.
 -- Press of sail, (Naut.), as much sail as the state of the wind
will permit.

PRESSBOARD
Press"board`, n.

Defn: A kind of highly sized rag paper or board, sometimes containing
a small admixture of wood pulp; -- so called because used originally,
as now, in presses for pressing and finishing knit underwear.

PRESS CAKE
Press cake.

Defn: A cake of compressed substance, as: in gunpowder manufacture,
the cake resulting from compressing the meal powder; in the treatment
of coal tar, the pressed product at various stages of the process;
or, in beet-sugar manufacture, the vegetable residue after the sugar
juice has been expressed.

PRESSER
Press"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, presses. Presser bar, or Presser wheel
(Knitting machine), a bar or wheel which closes the barbs of the
needles to enable the loops of the yarn to pass over them.
 -- Presser foot, the part of a sewing machine which rests on the
cloth and presses it down upon the table of the machine.

PRESSGANG
Press"gang`, n.

Defn: See Press gang, under Press.

PRESSING
Press"ing, a.

Defn: Urgent; exacting; importunate; as, a pressing necessity.
 -- Press"ing*ly, adv.

PRESSION
Pres"sion, n. Etym: [L. pressio: cf. F. pression. See 4th Press.]

1. The act of pressing; pressure. Sir I. Newton.

2. (Cartesian Philos.)

Defn: An endeavor to move.

PRESSIROSTER
Pres`si*ros"ter, n. Etym: [L. presssus pressed (p. p. of premere) +
rostrum beak: cf. F. pressirostre. See 4th Press.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of wading birds (Pressirostres) including those
which have a compressed beak, as the plovers.

PRESSIROSTRAL
Pres`si*ros"tral, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pressirosters.

PRESSITANT
Pres"si*tant, a. Etym: [See 4th Press.]

Defn: Gravitating; heavy. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

PRESSIVE
Pres"sive, a.

Defn: Pressing; urgent; also, oppressive; as, pressive taxation. [R.]
Bp. Hall.

PRESSLY
Press"ly, adv.

Defn: Closely; concisely. [Obs.]

PRESSMAN
Press"man, n.; pl. Pressmen (.

1. One who manages, or attends to, a press, esp. a printing press.

2. One who presses clothes; as, a tailor's pressman.

PRESSMAN
Press"man, n. Etym: [See 2d Press.]

Defn: One of a press gang, who aids in forcing men into the naval
service; also, one forced into the service.

PRESSOR
Press"or, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Causing, or giving rise to, pressure or to an increase of
pressure; as, pressor nerve fibers, stimulation of which excites the
vasomotor center, thus causing a stronger contraction of the arteries
and consequently an increase of the arterial blood pressure; --
opposed to depressor. Landois & Stirling.

PRESSPACK
Press"pack`, v. t.

Defn: To pack, or prepare for packing, by means of a press.

PRESS PROOF
Press proof. (Print.)
 (a) The last proof for correction before sending to press.
 (b) A proof taken on a press, esp. to show impression, margins,
color, etc.

PRESS REVISE
Press revise. (Print.)

Defn: A proof for final revision.

PRESSURAGE
Pres"sur*age, n. Etym: [F.]

1. Pressure.

2. The juice of the grape extracted by the press; also, a fee paid
for the use of a wine press.

PRESSURE
Pres"sure (; 138), n. Etym: [OF., fr. L. pressura, fr. premere. See
4th Press.]

1. The act of pressing, or the condition of being pressed;
compression; a squeezing; a crushing; as, a pressure of the hand.

2. A contrasting force or impulse of any kind; as, the pressure of
poverty; the pressure of taxes; the pressure of motives on the mind;
the pressure of civilization.
Where the pressure of danger was not felt. Macaulay.

3. Affliction; distress; grievance.
My people's pressures are grievous. Eikon Basilike.
In the midst of his great troubles and pressures. Atterbury.

4. Urgency; as, the pressure of business.

5. Impression; stamp; character impressed.
All saws of books, all forms, all pressures past. Shak.

6. (Mech.)

Defn: The action of a force against some obstacle or opposing force;
a force in the nature of a thrust, distributed over a surface, often
estimated with reference to the upon a unit's area. Atmospheric
pressure, Center of pressure, etc. See under Atmospheric, Center,
etc.
 -- Back pressure (Steam engine), pressure which resists the motion
of the piston, as the pressure of exhaust steam which does not find
free outlet.
 -- Fluid pressure, pressure like that exerted by a fluid. It is a
thrust which is normal and equally intense in all directions around a
point. Rankine.
 -- Pressure gauge, a gauge for indicating fluid pressure; a
manometer.

PRESSURE WIRES
Pressure wires. (Elec.)

Defn: Wires leading from various points of an electric system to a
central station, where a voltmeter indicates the potential of the
system at those points.

PRESSWORK
Press"work`, n.

Defn: The art of printing from the surface of type, plates, or
engravings in relief, by means of a press; the work so done.
MacKellar.

PRESS WORK
5.  Usually Press work. The work of a press agent. [Chiefly Theat.
Cant]

PREST
Prest,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Press.

PREST
Prest, a. Etym: [OF. prest, F. prêt, fr. L. praestus ready. Cf.
Presto.]

1. Ready; prompt; prepared. [Obs.]
All prest to such battle he was. R. of Gloucester.

2. Neat; tidy; proper. [Obs.] Tusser. Prest money, money formerly
paid to men when they enlisted into the British service; -- so called
because it bound those that received it to be ready for service when
called upon.

PREST
Prest, n. Etym: [OF. prest, F. prêt, fr. OF. prester to lend, F.
prêter, fr. L. praestare to stand before, to become surety for, to
fulfill, offer, supply; prae before + stare to stand. See Pre-, and
Stand, and cf. Press to force into service.]

1. Ready money; a loan of money. [Obs.]
Requiring of the city a prest of six thousand marks. Bacon.

2. (Law)

Defn: A duty in money formerly paid by the sheriff on his account in
the exchequer, or for money left or remaining in his hands. Cowell.

PREST
Prest, v. t.

Defn: To give as a loan; to lend. [Obs.]
Sums of money . . . prested out in loan. E. Hall.

PRESTABLE
Prest"a*ble, a.

Defn: Payable. [Scot.]

PRESTATION
Pres*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. praestatio a performing, paying, fr.
praestare: cf. F. prestation.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A payment of money; a toll or duty; also, the rendering of a
service. Burrill.

Prestation money, a sum of money paid yearly by archdeacons and other
dignitaries to their bishop.

PRESTER
Pres"ter, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. A meteor or exhalation formerly supposed to be thrown from the
clouds with such violence that by collision it is set on fire. [Obs.]

2. pl.

Defn: One of the veins of the neck when swollen with anger or other
excitement. [Obs.]

PRESTER
Pres"ter, n. Etym: [OF. prestre. See Priest.]

Defn: A priest or presbyter; as, Prester John. [Obs.]

PRESTERNUM
Pre*ster"num, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: The anterior segment of the sternum; the manubrium.
 -- Pre*ster"nal, a.

PRESTIDIGITAL
Pres`ti*dig"i*tal, a.

Defn: Nimble-fingered; having fingers fit for prestidigitation, or
juggling. [R.] "His prestidigital hand." Charles Reade.

PRESTIDIGITATION
Pres`ti*dig`i*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Legerdemain; sleight of hand; juggling.

PRESTIDIGITATOR
Pres`ti*dig"i*ta`tor, n. Etym: [L. praesto ready + digitus finger:
cf. F. prestidigitateur.]

Defn: One skilled in legerdemain or sleight of hand; a juggler.

PRESTIGE
Pres"tige, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. praestigum delusion, illusion,
praestigae deceptions, jugglers' tricks, prob. fr. prae before + the
root of stinguere to extinguish, originally, to prick. See Stick, v.]

1. Delusion; illusion; trick. [Obs.]
The sophisms of infidelity, and the prestiges of imposture. Bp.
Warburton.

2. Weight or influence derived from past success; expectation of
future achievements founded on those already accomplished; force or
charm derived from acknowledged character or reputation. "The
prestige of his name must go for something." Sir G. C. Lewis.

PRESTIGIATION
Pres*tig`i*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. praestigiare to deceive by juggling
tricks, fr. praestigae. See Prestige.]

Defn: Legerdemain; prestidigitation. [Obs.]

PRESTIGIATOR
Pres*tig"i*a`tor, n. Etym: [L. praestigiator.]

Defn: A juggler; prestidigitator. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

PRESTIGIATORY
Pres*tig"i*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Consisting of impostures; juggling. [Obs.] Barrow.

PRESTIGIOUS
Pres*tig"i*ous, a. Etym: [L. praestigiosus.]

Defn: Practicing tricks; juggling. [Obs.] Cotton Mather.

PRESTIMONY
Pres"ti*mo*ny, n. Etym: [LL. praestimonium, fr. L. praestare to
furnish, supply: cf. F. prestimonie. See Prest, n.] (Canon Law)

Defn: A fund for the support of a priest, without the title of a
benefice. The patron in the collator.

PRESTISSIMO
Pres*tis"si*mo, adv. Etym: [It., superl. of presto.] (Mus.)

Defn: Very quickly; with great rapidity.

PRESTO
Pres"to, adv. Etym: [It. or Sp. presto quick, quickly. See Prest, a.]

1. Quickly; immediately; in haste; suddenly.
Presto! begone! 'tis here again. Swift.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Quickly; rapidly; -- a direction for a quick, lively movement
or performance; quicker than allegro, or any rate of time except
prestissimo.

PRESTRICTION
Pre*stric"tion, n. Etym: [L. praestrictio a binding fast, fr.
praestringere. See Pre-, and Stringent.]

Defn: Obstruction, dimness, or defect of sight. [Obs.] Milton.

PRESULTOR
Pre*sul"tor, n. Etym: [L. praesultor; prae before + salire to dance.]

Defn: A leader in the dance. [R.]

PRESUMABLE
Pre*sum"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. présumable.]

Defn: Such as may be presumed or supposed to be true; that seems
entitled to belief without direct evidence.

PRESUMABLY
Pre*sum"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a presumable manner; by, or according to, presumption.

PRESUME
Pre*sume", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presumed; p. pr. & vb. n. Presuming.]
Etym: [F. présumer, L. praesumere, praesumptum; prae before + sumere
to take. See Assume, Redeem.]

1. To assume or take beforehand; esp., to do or undertake without
leave or authority previously obtained.
Dare he presume to scorn us in this manner Shak.
Bold deed thou hast presumed, adventurous Eve. Milton.

2. To take or suppose to be true, or entitled to belief, without
examination or proof, or on the strength of probability; to take for
granted; to infer; to suppose.
Every man is to be presumed innocent till he is proved to be guilty.
Blackstone.
What rests but that the mortal sentence pass, . . . Which he presumes
already vain and void, Because not yet inflicted Milton.

PRESUME
Pre*sume", v. i.

1. To suppose or assume something to be, or to be true, on grounds
deemed valid, though not amounting to proof; to believe by
anticipation; to infer; as, we may presume too far.

2. To venture, go, or act, by an assumption of leave or authority not
granted; to go beyond what is warranted by the circumstances of the
case; to venture beyond license; to take liberties; -- often with on
or upon before the ground of confidence.
Do not presume too much upon my love. Shak.
This man presumes upon his parts. Locke.

PRESUMEDLY
Pre*sum"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: By presumption.

PRESUMER
Pre*sum"er, n.

Defn: One who presumes; also, an arrogant person. Sir H. Wotton.

PRESUMINGLY
Pre*sum"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Confidently; arrogantly.

PRESUMPTION
Pre*sump"tion, n. Etym: [L. praesumptio: cf. F. présomption, OF. also
presumpcion. See Presume.]

1. The act of presuming, or believing upon probable evidence; the act
of assuming or taking for granted; belief upon incomplete proof.

2. Ground for presuming; evidence probable, but not conclusive;
strong probability; reasonable supposition; as, the presumption is
that an event has taken place.

3. That which is presumed or assumed; that which is supposed or
believed to be real or true, on evidence that is probable but not
conclusive. "In contradiction to these very plausible presumptions."
De Quincey.

4. The act of venturing beyond due beyond due bounds; an overstepping
of the bounds of reverence, respect, or courtesy; forward,
overconfident, or arrogant opinion or conduct; presumptuousness;
arrogance; effrontery.
Thy son I killed for his presumption. Shak.
I had the presumption to dedicate to you a very unfinished piece.
Dryden.
Conclusive presumption. See under Conclusive.
 -- Presumption of fact (Law), an argument of a fact from a fact; an
inference as to the existence of one fact not certainly known, from
the existence of some other fact known or proved, founded on a
previous experience of their connection; supposition of the truth or
real existence of something, without direct or positive proof of the
fact, but grounded on circumstantial or probable evidence which
entitles it to belief. Burrill. Best. Wharton.
 -- Presumption of law (Law), a postulate applied in advance to all
cases of a particular class; e. g., the presumption of innocence and
of regularity of records. Such a presumption is rebuttable or
irrebuttable.

PRESUMPTIVE
Pre*sump"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. présomptif.]

1. Based on presumption or probability; grounded on probable
evidence; probable; as, presumptive proof.

2. Presumptuous; arrogant. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Presumptive evidence
(Law), that which is derived from circumstances which necessarily or
usually attend a fact, as distinct from direct evidence or positive
proof; indirect or circumstantial evidence. "Presumptive evidence of
felony should be cautiously admitted." Blackstone. The distinction,
however, between direct and presumptive (or circumstantial) evidence
is now generally abandoned; all evidence being now more or less
direct and more or less presumptive.
 -- Presumptive heir. See Heir presumptive, under Heir.

PRESUMPTIVELY
Pre*sump"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By presumption, or supposition grounded or probability;
presumably.

PRESUMPTUOUS
Pre*sump"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. praesumptuosus: cf. F. présomptueux,
OF. also presumptuous. See Presumption.]

1. Full of presumption; presuming; overconfident or venturesome;
audacious; rash; taking liberties unduly; arrogant; insolent; as, a
presumptuous commander; presumptuous conduct.
A class of presumptuous men, whom age has not made cautious, nor
adversity wise. Buckminster.

2. Founded on presumption; as, a presumptuous idea. "False,
presumptuous hope." Milton.

3. Done with hold design, rash confidence, or in violation of known
duty; willful. "Keep back the servant also from presumptuous sins."
Ps. xix. 13.

Syn.
 -- Overconfident; foolhardy; rash; presuming; forward; arrogant;
insolent.

PRESUMPTUOUSLY
Pre*sump"tu*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a presumptuous manner; arrogantly.

PRESUMPTUOUSNESS
Pre*sump"tu*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being presumptuous.

PRESUPPOSAL
Pre`sup*pos"al, n.

Defn: Presupposition. [R.] "Presupposal of knowledge." Hooker.

PRESUPPOSE
Pre`sup*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presupposed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Presupposing.] Etym: [Pref. pre- + suppose: cf. F. présupposer.]

Defn: To suppose beforehand; to imply as antecedent; to take for
granted; to assume; as, creation presupposes a creator.
Each [kind of knowledge] presupposes many necessary things learned in
other sciences, and known beforehand. Hooker.

PRESUPPOSITION
Pre*sup`po*si"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. pre- + supposition: cf. F.
présupposition.]

1. The act of presupposing; an antecedent implication; presumption.

2. That which is presupposed; a previous supposition or surmise.

PRESURMISE
Pre`sur*mise", n.

Defn: A surmise previously formed. Shak.

PRESYSTOLIC
Pre`sys*tol"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Preceding the systole or contraction of the heart; as, the
presystolic friction sound.

PRETEMPORAL
Pre*tem"po*ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated in front of the temporal bone.

PRETENCE; PRETENCEFUL; PRETENCELESS
Pre*tence", n., Pre*tence"ful, a., Pre*tence"*less, a.

Defn: See Pretense, Pretenseful, Pretenseless.

PRETEND
Pre*tend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pretended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pretending.] Etym: [OE. pretenden to lay claim to, F. prétendre, L.
praetendere, praetentum, to stretch forward, pretend, simulate,
assert; prae before + tendere to stretch. See Tend, v. t. ]

1. To lay a claim to; to allege a title to; to claim.
Chiefs shall be grudged the part which they pretend. Dryden.

2. To hold before, or put forward, as a cloak or disguise for
something else; to exhibit as a veil for something hidden. [R.]
Lest that too heavenly form, pretended To hellish falsehood, snare
them. Milton.

3. To hold out, or represent, falsely; to put forward, or offer, as
true or real (something untrue or unreal); to show hypocritically, or
for the purpose of deceiving; to simulate; to feign; as, to pretend
friendship.
This let him know, Lest, willfully transgressing, he pretend
Surprisal. Milton.

4. To intend; to design; to plot; to attempt. [Obs.]
Such as shall pretend Malicious practices against his state. Shak.

5. To hold before one; to extend. [Obs.] "His target always over her
pretended." Spenser.

PRETEND
Pre*tend", v. i.

1. To put in, or make, a claim, truly or falsely; to allege a title;
to lay claim to, or strive after, something; -- usually with to.
"Countries that pretend to freedom." Swift.
For to what fine he would anon pretend, That know I well. Chaucer.

2. To hold out the appearance of being, possessing, or performing; to
profess; to make believe; to feign; to sham; as, to pretend to be
asleep. "[He] pretended to drink the waters." Macaulay.

PRETENDANT
Pre*tend"ant, n.

Defn: A pretender; a claimant.

PRETENDED
Pre*tend"ed, a.

Defn: Making a false appearance; unreal; false; as, pretended friend.
 -- Pre*tend"ed*ly, adv.

PRETENDENCE
Pre*tend"ence, n.

Defn: The act of pretending; pretense. [Obs.] Daniel.

PRETENDER
Pre*tend"er, n.

1. One who lays claim, or asserts a title (to something); a claimant.
Specifically,

Defn: The pretender (Eng. Hist.), the son or the grandson of James
II., the heir of the royal family of Stuart, who laid claim to the
throne of Great Britain, from which the house was excluded by law.
It is the shallow, unimproved intellects that are the confident
pretenders to certainty. Glanvill.

2. One who pretends, simulates, or feigns.

PRETENDERSHIP
Pre*tend"er*ship, n.

Defn: The character, right, or claim of a pretender. Swift.

PRETENDINGLY
Pre*tend"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: As by right or title; arrogantly; presumptuously. Collier.

PRETENSE; PRETENCE
Pre*tense", Pre*tence, n. Etym: [LL. praetensus, for L. praetentus,
p. p. of praetendere. See Pretend, and cf. Tension.]

1. The act of laying claim; the claim laid; assumption; pretension.
Spenser.
Primogeniture can not have any pretense to a right of solely
inheriting property or power. Locke.
I went to Lambeth with Sir R. Brown's pretense to the wardenship of
Merton College, Oxford. Evelyn.

2. The act of holding out, or offering, to others something false or
feigned; presentation of what is deceptive or hypocritical; deception
by showing what is unreal and concealing what is real; false show;
simulation; as, pretense of illness; under pretense of patriotism; on
pretense of revenging Cæsar's death.

3. That which is pretended; false, deceptive, or hypocritical show,
argument, or reason; pretext; feint.
Let not the Trojans, with a feigned pretense Of proffered peace,
delude the Latian prince. Dryden.

4. Intention; design. [Obs.]
A very pretense and purpose of unkindness. Shak.

Note: See the Note under Offense.

Syn.
 -- Mask; appearance; color; show; pretext; excuse.
 -- Pretense, Pretext. A pretense is something held out as real when
it is not so, thus falsifying the truth. A pretext is something woven
up in order to cover or conceal one's true motives, feelings, or
reasons. Pretext is often, but not always, used in a bad sense.

PRETENSED
Pre*tensed", a.

Defn: Pretended; feigned. [Obs.] -- Pre*tens"ed*ly, adv. [Obs.]

PRETENSEFUL
Pre*tense"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding in pretenses.

PRETENSELESS
Pre*tense"less, a.

Defn: Not having or making pretenses.

PRETENSION
Pre*ten"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. prétention. See Pretend, Tension.]

1. The act of pretending, or laying claim; the act of asserting right
or title.
The arrogant pretensions of Glengarry contributed to protract the
discussion. Macaulay.

2. A claim made, whether true or false; a right alleged or assumed; a
holding out the appearance of possessing a certain character; as,
pretensions to scholarship.
This was but an invention and pretension given out by the Spaniards.
Bacon.
Men indulge those opinions and practices that favor their
pretensions. L'Estrange.

PRETENTATIVE
Pre*ten"ta*tive, a. Etym: [Pref. pre- + tentative: cf. L. praetentare
to try beforehand.]

Defn: Fitted for trial beforehand; experimental. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

PRETENTIOUS
Pre*ten"tious, a. Etym: [Cf. F. prétentieux. See Pretend.]

Defn: Full of pretension; disposed to lay claim to more than is
one's; presuming; assuming.
 -- Pre*ten"tious*ly, adv.
 -- Pre*ten"tious*ness, n.

PRETER-
Pre"ter-. Etym: [L. praeter past, beyond, originally a compar. of
prae before. See For, prep.]

Defn: A prefix signifying past, by, beyond, more than; as, preter-
mission, a permitting to go by; preternatural, beyond or more than is
natural. [Written also præter.]

PRETERHUMAN
Pre`ter*hu"man, a. Etym: [Pref. preter- + human.]

Defn: More than human.

PRETERIENT
Pre*te"ri*ent, a. Etym: [L. praeteriens, p. pr. See Preterit.]

Defn: Passed through; antecedent; previous; as, preterient states.
[R.]

PRETERIMPERFECT
Pre`ter*im*per"fect, a. & n. Etym: [Pref. preter- + imperfect.]
(Gram.)

Defn: Old name of the tense also called imperfect.

PRETERIST
Pret"er*ist, n. Etym: [Pref. preter- + -ist.]

1. One whose chief interest is in the past; one who regards the past
with most pleasure or favor.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: One who believes the prophecies of the Apocalypse to have been
already fulfilled. Farrar.

PRETERIT
Pret"er*it, a. Etym: [L. praeteritus, p. p. of praeterire to go or
pass by; praeter beyond, by + ire to go: cf. F. prétérit. See Issue.]
[Written also preterite and præterite.]

1. (Gram.)

Defn: Past; -- applied to a tense which expresses an action or state
as past.

2. Belonging wholly to the past; passed by. [R.]
Things and persons as thoroughly preterite as Romulus or Numa.
Lowell.

PRETERIT
Pret"er*it, n. (Gram.)

Defn: The preterit; also, a word in the preterit tense.

PRETERITE
Pret"er*ite, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Preterit.

PRETERITENESS
Pret"er*ite*ness, n.

Defn: Same as Preteritness.

PRETERITION
Pre`ter*i"tion, n. Etym: [L. praeteritio: cf. F. prétérition.]

1. The act of passing, or going past; the state of being past. Bp.
Hall.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which, in pretending to pass over anything, a
summary mention of it is made; as, "I will not say, he is valiant, he
is learned, he is just." Called also paraleipsis.

3. (Law)

Defn: The omission by a testator of some one of his heirs who is
entitled to a portion. Bouvier.

PRETERITIVE
Pre*ter"i*tive, a. (Gram.)

Defn: Used only or chiefly in the preterit or past tenses, as certain
verbs.

PRETERITNESS
Pret"er*it*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being past. Bentley. Lowell.

PRETERLAPSED
Pre`ter*lapsed", a. Etym: [L. praeterlapsus, p. p. of praeterlabi to
glide by. See Preter-, Lapse.]

Defn: Past; as, preterlapsed ages. [R.] Glanvill.

PRETERLEGAL
Pre`ter*le"gal, a. Etym: [Pref. preter- + legal.]

Defn: Exceeding the limits of law. [R.]

PRETERMISSION
Pre`ter*mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. praetermissio. See Pretermit.]

1. The act of passing by or omitting; omission. Milton.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: See Preterition.

PRETERMIT
Pre`ter*mit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pretermitted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pretermitting.] Etym: [L. praetermittere, praetermissum; praeter
beyond + mittere to send. See Mission.]

Defn: To pass by; to omit; to disregard. Bacon.

PRETERNATURAL
Pre`ter*nat"u*ral, a. Etym: [Pref. preter + natural.]

Defn: Beyond of different from what is natural, or according to the
regular course of things, but not clearly supernatural or miraculous;
strange; inexplicable; extraordinary; uncommon; irregular; abnormal;
as, a preternatural appearance; a preternatural stillness; a
preternatural presentation (in childbirth) or labor.
This vile and preternatural temper of mind. South.

Syn.
 -- See Supernatural.

PRETERNATURALISM
Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ism, n.

Defn: The state of being preternatural; a preternatural condition.

PRETERNATURALITY
Pre`ter*nat`u*ral"i*ty, n.

Defn: Preternaturalness. [R.] Dr. John Smith.

PRETERNATURALLY
Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ly, adv.

Defn: In a preternatural manner or degree. Bacon.

PRETERNATURALNESS
Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being preternatural.

PRETERPERFECT
Pre`ter*per"fect, a. & n. Etym: [Pref. preter- + perfect.] (Gram.)

Defn: Old name of the tense also called preterit.

PRETERPLUPERFECT
Pre`ter*plu"per`fect, a. & n. Etym: [Pref. preter- + pluperfect.]
(Gram.)

Defn: Old name of the tense also called pluperfect.

PRETERTIARY
Pre*ter"ti*a*ry, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Earlier than Tertiary.

PRETERVECTION
Pre`ter*vec"tion, n. Etym: [L. praetervectio, fr. praetervehere to
carry beyond. See Invection.]

Defn: The act of carrying past or beyond. [R.] Abp. Potter.

PRETEX
Pre*tex", v. t. Etym: [L. praetexere. See Pretext.]

Defn: To frame; to devise; to disguise or excuse; hence, to pretend;
to declare falsely. [Obs.]

PRETEXT
Pre"text, n. Etym: [F. prétexte, L. praetextum, fr. praetextus, p. p.
of praetexere to weave before, allege as an excuse; prae before +
texere to weave. See Text.]

Defn: Ostensible reason or motive assigned or assumed as a color or
cover for the real reason or motive; pretense; disguise.
They suck the blood of those they depend on, under a pretext of
service and kindness. L'Estrange.
With how much or how little pretext of reason. Dr. H. More.

Syn.
 -- Pretense; excuse; semblance; disguise; appearance. See Pretense.

PRETEXTURE
Pre*tex"ture, n.

Defn: A pretext. [Obs.]

PRETIBIAL
Pre*tib"i*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated in front of the tibia.

PRETOR
Pre"tor, n. Etym: [L. praetor, for praeitor, fr. praeire to go
before; prae before + ire to go. See Issue.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A civil officer or magistrate among the ancient Romans.

Note: Originally the pretor was a kind of third consul; but at an
early period two pretors were appointed, the first of whom (praetor
urbanus) was a kind of mayor or city judge; the other (praetor
peregrinus) was a judge of cases in which one or both of the parties
were foreigners. Still later, the number of pretors, or judges, was
further increased.

2. Hence, a mayor or magistrate. [R.] Dryden.

PRETORIAL
Pre*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Pretorian. Burke.

PRETORIAN
Pre*to"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. praetorians: cf. F. prétorien.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pretor or magistrate; judicial; exercised
by, or belonging to, a pretor; as, pretorian power or authority.
Pretorian bands or guards, or Pretorians (Rom. Hist.), the emperor's
bodyguards, instituted by the Emperor Augustus in nine cohorts of
1,000 men each.
 -- Pretorian gate (Rom. Antiq.), that one of the four gates in a
camp which lay next the enemy. Brande & C.

PRETORIAN
Pre*to"ri*an, n.

Defn: A soldier of the pretorian guard.

PRETORIUM
Pre*to"ri*um, n. Etym: [L. praetorium, fr. praetor.]

1. The general's tent in a Roman camp; hence, a council of war,
because held in the general's tent.

2. The official residence of a governor of a province; hence, a
place; a splendid country seat.

PRETORSHIP
Pre"tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office or dignity of a pretor. J. Warton

PRETORTURE
Pre*tor"ture, v. t.

Defn: To torture beforehand. Fuller.

PRETTILY
Pret"ti*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pretty manner.

PRETTINESS
Pret"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being pretty; -- used sometimes in a
disparaging sense.
A style . . . without sententious pretension or antithetical
prettiness. Jeffrey.

PRETTY
Pret"ty, a. [Compar. Prettier; superl. Prettiest.] Etym: [OE. prati,
AS. prættig, prætig, crafty, sly, akin to præt, prætt, deceit,
trickery, Icel. prettugr tricky, prettr a trick; probably fr. Latin,
perhaps through Celtic; cf. W. praith act, deed, practice, LL.
practica execution, practice, plot. See Practice.]

1. Pleasing by delicacy or grace; attracting, but not striking or
impressing; of a pleasing and attractive form a color; having slight
or diminutive beauty; neat or elegant without elevation or grandeur;
pleasingly, but not grandly, conceived or expressed; as, a pretty
face; a pretty flower; a pretty poem.
This is the prettiest lowborn lass that ever Ran on the greensward.
Shak.

2. Moderately large; considerable; as, he had saved a pretty fortune.
"Wavering a pretty while." Evelyn.

3. Affectedly nice; foppish; -- used in an ill sense.
The pretty gentleman is the most complaisant in the world. Spectator.

4. Mean; despicable; contemptible; -- used ironically; as, a pretty
trick; a pretty fellow.

5. Stout; strong and brave; intrepid; valiant. [Scot.]
[He] observed they were pretty men, meaning not handsome. Sir W.
Scott.

Syn.
 -- Elegant; neat; fine. See Handsome.

PRETTY
Pret"ty, adv.

Defn: In some degree; moderately; considerably; rather; almost; --
less emphatic than very; as, I am pretty sure of the fact; pretty
cold weather.
Pretty plainly professes himself a sincere Christian. Atterbury.

PRETTYISH
Pret"ty*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat pretty. Walpole.

PRETTYISM
Pret"ty*ism, n.

Defn: Affectation of a pretty style, manner, etc. [R.] Ed. Rev.

PRETTY-SPOKEN
Pret"ty-spo`ken, a.

Defn: Spoken or speaking prettily. [Colloq.]

PRETYPIFY
Pre*typ"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pretypified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pretypifying.]

Defn: To prefigure; to exhibit previously in a type. Bp. Pearson.

PRETZEL
Pret"zel, n. Etym: [G. pretzel, bretzel. Cf. Bretzel.]

Defn: A kind of German biscuit or cake in the form of a twisted ring,
salted on the outside.

PREVAIL
Pre*vail", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prevailed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prevailing.] Etym: [F. prévaloir, OF. prevaleir, L. praevalere; prae
before + valere to be strong, able, or worth. See Valiant.]

1. To overcome; to gain the victory or superiority; to gain the
advantage; to have the upper hand, or the mastery; to succeed; --
sometimes with over or against.
When Moses held up his hand, Israel prevailed, and when he let down
his hand, Amalek prevailed. Ex. xvii. 11.
So David prevailed over the Philistine. 1 Sam. xvii. 50.
This kingdom could never prevail against the united power of England.
Swift.

2. To be in force; to have effect, power, or influence; to be
predominant; to have currency or prevalence; to obtain; as, the
practice prevails this day.
This custom makes the short-sighted bigots, and the warier skeptics,
as far as it prevails. Locke.

3. To persuade or induce; -- with on, upon, or with; as, I
prevailedon him to wait.
He was prevailed with to restrain the Earl. Clarendon.
Prevail upon some judicious friend to be your constant hearer, and
allow him the utmost freedom. Swift.

PREVAILING
Pre*vail"ing, a.

1. Having superior force or influence; efficacious; persuasive. Shak.
Saints shall assist thee with prevailing prayers. Rowe.

2. Predominant; prevalent; most general; as, the prevailing disease
of a climate; a prevailing opinion.

Syn. See Prevalent.

PREVAILINGLY
Pre*vail"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to prevail.

PREVAILMENT
Pre*vail"ment, n.

Defn: Prevalence; superior influence; efficacy. [Obs.] Shak.

PREVALENCE
Prev"a*lence, n. Etym: [L. praevalentia: cf. F. prévalence. See
Prevail.]

Defn: The quality or condition of being prevalent; superior strength,
force, or influence; general existence, reception, or practice; wide
extension; as, the prevalence of virtue, of a fashion, or of a
disease; the prevalence of a rumor.
The duke better knew what kind of argument were of prevalence with
him. Clarendon.

PREVALENCY
Prev"a*len*cy, n.

Defn: See Prevalence.

PREVALENT
Prev"a*lent, a. Etym: [L. praevalens, -entis, p. pr. of praevalere.
See Prevail.]

1. Gaining advantage or superiority; having superior force,
influence, or efficacy; prevailing; predominant; successful;
victorious.
Brennus told the Roman embassadors, that prevalent arms were as good
as any title. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Most generally received or current; most widely adopted or
practiced; also, generally or extensively existing; widespread;
prevailing; as, a prevalent observance; prevalent disease.
This was the most received and prevalent opinion. Woodward.

Syn.
 -- Prevailing; predominant; successful; efficacious; powerful.
 -- Prevalent, Prevailing. What customarily prevails is prevalent;
as, a prevalent fashion. What actually prevails is prevailing; as,
the prevailing winds are west. Hence, prevailing is the livelier and
more pointed word, since it represents a thing in action. It is
sometimes the stronger word, since a thing may prevail sufficiently
to be called prevalent, and yet require greater strength to make it
actually prevailing.

PREVALENTLY
Prev"a*lent"ly, adv.

Defn: In a prevalent manner. Prior.

PREVARICATE
Pre*var"i*cate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prevaricated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prevaricating.] Etym: [L. praevaricatus, p. p. of praevaricari to
walk crookedly, to collude; prae before + varicare to straddle, fr.
varicus straddling, varus bent. See Varicose.]

1. To shift or turn from one side to the other, from the direct
course, or from truth; to speak with equivocation; to shuffle; to
quibble; as, he prevaricates in his statement.
He prevaricates with his own understanding. South.

2. (Civil Law)

Defn: To collude, as where an informer colludes with the defendant,
and makes a sham prosecution.

3. (Eng. Law)

Defn: To undertake a thing falsely and deceitfully, with the purpose
of defeating or destroying it.

Syn.
 -- To evade; equivocate; quibble; shuffle.
 -- Prevaricate, Evade, Equivocate. One who evades a question
ostensibly answers it, but really turns aside to some other point. He
who equivocate uses words which have a double meaning, so that in one
sense he can claim to have said the truth, though he does in fact
deceive, and intends to do it. He who prevaricates talks all round
the question, hoping to "dodge" it, and disclose nothing.

PREVARICATE
Pre*var"i*cate, v. t.

Defn: To evade by a quibble; to transgress; to pervert. [Obs.] Jer.
Taylor.

PREVARICATION
Pre*var`i*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. praevaricatio: cf. F. prévarication.]

1. The act of prevaricating, shuffling, or quibbling, to evade the
truth or the disclosure of truth; a deviation from the truth and fair
dealing.
The august tribunal of the skies, where no prevarication shall avail.
Cowper.

2. A secret abuse in the exercise of a public office.

3. (Law)
(a) (Roman Law) The collusion of an informer with the defendant, for
the purpose of making a sham prosecution.
(b) (Common Law) A false or deceitful seeming to undertake a thing
for the purpose of defeating or destroying it. Cowell.

PREVARICATOR
Pre*var"i*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L. praevaricator: cf. F. prévaricateur.]

1. One who prevaricates.

2. (Roman Law)

Defn: A sham dealer; one who colludes with a defendant in a sham
prosecution.

3. One who betrays or abuses a trust. Prynne.

PREVE
Preve, v. i. & i.

Defn: To prove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PREVE
Preve, n.

Defn: Proof. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PREVENANCE
Prev"e*nance, n. Etym: [F. prévenance.] (Metaph.)

Defn: A going before; anticipation in sequence or order. "The law of
prevenance is simply the well-known law of phenomenal sequence."
Ward.

PREVENANCY
Prev"e*nan*cy, n.

Defn: The act of anticipating another's wishes, desires, etc., in the
way of favor or courtesy; hence, civility; obligingness. [Obs.]
Sterne.

PREVENE
Pre*vene", v. t. & i. Etym: [F. prévenir, L. praevenire. See
Prevent.]

Defn: To come before; to anticipate; hence, to hinder; to prevent.
[Obs.] Philips.

PREVENIENCE
Pre*ven"i*ence, n.

Defn: The act of going before; anticipation. [R.]

PREVENIENT
Pre*ven"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. praeveniens, p. pr.]

Defn: Going before; preceding; hence, preventive. "Prevenient grace
descending." Milton.

PREVENT
Pre*vent", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prevented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Preventing.] Etym: [L. praevenire, praeventum; prae before + venire
to come. See Come.]

1. To go before; to precede; hence, to go before as a guide; to
direct. [Obs.]
We which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not
prevent them which are asleep. 1 Thess. iv. 15.
We pray thee that thy grace may always prevent and follow us. Bk. of
Common Prayer.
Then had I come, preventing Sheba's queen. Prior.

2. To be beforehand with; to anticipate. [Obs.]
Their ready guilt preventing thy commands. Pope.

3. To intercept; to hinder; to frustrate; to stop; to thwart. "This
vile purpose to prevent." Shak.
Perhaps forestalling night prevented them. Milton.

PREVENT
Pre*vent", v. i.

Defn: To come before the usual time. [Obs.]
Strawberries . . . will prevent and come early. Bacon.

PREVENTABILITY
Pre*vent`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being preventable.

PREVENTABLE
Pre*vent"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being prevented or hindered; as, preventable
diseases.

PREVENTATIVE
Pre*vent"a*tive, n.

Defn: That which prevents; -- incorrectly used instead of preventive.

PREVENTER
Pre*vent"er, n.

1. One who goes before; one who forestalls or anticipates another.
[Obs.] Bacon.

2. One who prevents or obstructs; a hinderer; that which hinders; as,
a preventer of evils or of disease.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: An auxiliary rope to strengthen a mast. Preventer bolts, or
Preventer plates (Naut.), fixtures connected with preventers to
reënforce other rigging.
 -- Preventer stay. (Naut.) Same as Preventer, 3.

PREVENTINGLY
Pre*vent"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to prevent or hinder.

PREVENTION
Pre*ven"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. prévention.]

1. The act of going, or state of being, before. [Obs.]
The greater the distance, the greater the prevention. Bacon.

2. Anticipation; esp., anticipation of needs or wishes; hence,
precaution; forethought. [Obs.] Hammond. Shak.

3. The act of preventing or hindering; obstruction of action, access,
or approach; thwarting. South.
Casca, be sudden, for we fear prevention. Shak.

4. Prejudice; prepossession. [A Gallicism] Dryden.

PREVENTIONAL
Pre*ven"tion*al, a.

Defn: Tending to prevent. [Obs.]

PREVENTIVE
Pre*vent"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. préventif.]

1. Going before; preceding. [Obs.]
Any previous counsel or preventive understanding. Cudworth.

2. Tending to defeat or hinder; obviating; preventing the access of;
as, a medicine preventive of disease.
Physic is either curative or preventive. Sir T. Browne.
Preventive service, the duty performed by the armed police in
guarding the coast against smuggling. [Eng]

PREVENTIVE
Pre*vent"ive, n.

Defn: That which prevents, hinders, or obstructs; that which
intercepts access; in medicine, something to prevent disease; a
prophylactic.

PREVENTIVELY
Pre*vent"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a preventive manner.

PREVERTEBRAL
Pre*ver"te*bral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated immediately in front, or on the ventral side, of the
vertebral column; prespinal.

PREVIOUS
Pre"vi*ous, a. Etym: [L. praevius going before, leading the way; prae
before + via the way. See Voyage.]

Defn: Going before in time; being or happening before something else;
antecedent; prior; as, previous arrangements; a previous illness.
The dull sound . . . previous to the storm, Rolls o'er the muttering
earth. Thomson.
Previous question. (Parliamentary Practice) See under Question, and
compare Closure.
 -- Previous to, before; -- often used adverbially for previously.
"Previous to publication." M. Arnold. "A policy . . . his friends had
advised previous to 1710." J. H. Newman.

Syn.
 -- Antecedent; preceding; anterior; prior; foregoing; former.

PREVIOUSLY
Pre"vi*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Beforehand; antecedently; as, a plan previously formed.

PREVIOUSNESS
Pre"vi*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being previous; priority or antecedence
in time.

PREVISE
Pre*vise", v. t. Etym: [L. praevisus, p. p. of praevidere to foresee;
prae before + videre to see. See Vision.]

1. To foresee. [R.]

2. To inform beforehand; to warn. Ld. Lytton.

PREVISION
Pre*vi"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. prévision.]

Defn: Foresight; foreknowledge; prescience. H. Spencer.

PREVOYANT
Pre*voy"ant, a. Etym: [F. prévoyant.]

Defn: Foreseeing; prescient. [R.] Mrs. Oliphant.

PREWARN
Pre*warn", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Prewarned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prewarning.]

Defn: To warn beforehand; to forewarn. [R.]

PREY
Prey, n. Etym: [OF. preie, F. proie, L. praeda, probably for
praeheda. See Prehensile, and cf. Depredate, Predatory.]

Defn: Anything, as goods, etc., taken or got by violence; anything
taken by force from an enemy in war; spoil; booty; plunder.
And they brought the captives, and the prey, and the spoil, unto
Moses, and Eleazar the priest. Num. xxxi. 12.

2. That which is or may be seized by animals or birds to be devoured;
hence, a person given up as a victim.
The old lion perisheth for lack of prey. Job iv. ii.
Already sees herself the monster's prey. Dryden.

3. The act of devouring other creatures; ravage.
Hog in sloth, fox in stealth, . . . lion in prey. Shak.
Beast of prey, a carnivorous animal; one that feeds on the flesh of
other animals.

PREY
Prey, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Preyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Preying.] Etym:
[OF. preier, preer, L. praedari, fr. praeda. See Prey, n.]

Defn: To take booty; to gather spoil; to ravage; to take food by
violence.
More pity that the eagle should be mewed, While kites and buzzards
prey at liberty. Shak.
To prey on or upon. (a) To take prey from; to despoil; to pillage; to
rob. Shak. (b) To seize as prey; to take for food by violence; to
seize and devour. Shak. (c) To wear away gradually; to cause to waste
or pine away; as, the trouble preyed upon his mind. Addison.

PREYER
Prey"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, preys; a plunderer; a waster; a
devourer. Hooker.

PREYFUL
Prey"ful, a.

1. Disposed to take prey. [Obs.]
The preyful brood of savage beasts. Chapman.

2. Rich in prey. [Obs.] Shak.

PREZYGAPOPHYSIS
Pre*zyg`a*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. Prezygapophyses. Etym: [NL. See Pre-,
and Zygapophysis.] (Anat.)

Defn: An anterior zygapophysis.

PRIAL
Pri"al, n.

Defn: A corruption of pair royal. See under Pair, n.

PRIAN
Pri"an, n. Etym: [Cornish, clayey ground, from pri clay.] (Mining)

Defn: A fine, white, somewhat friable clay; also, the ore contained
in a mixture of clay and pebbles. [Written also pryan.]

PRIAPEAN
Pri`a*pe"an, n. Etym: [Cf. L. Priapeius pertaining to Priapus.] (Lat.
Pros.)

Defn: A species of hexameter verse so constructed as to be divisible
into two portions of three feet each, having generally a trochee in
the first and the fourth foot, and an amphimacer in the third; --
applied also to a regular hexameter verse when so constructed as to
be divisible into two portions of three feet each. Andrews.

PRIAPISM
Pri"a*pism, n. Etym: [L. priapismus, Gr. Priapus the god of
procreation, the penis, Gr. priapisme.] (Med.)

Defn: More or less permanent erection and rigidity of the penis, with
or without sexual desire.

PRIAPULACEA
Pri*ap`u*la"ce*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Priapism.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Gephyræa, having a cylindrical body with a
terminal anal opening, and usually with one or two caudal gills.

PRICASOUR
Pric"a*sour, n.

Defn: A hard rider. [Obs.]

PRICE
Price, n. Etym: [OE. pris, OF. pris, F. prix, L. pretium; cf. Gr. pa
to buy, OI. renim I sell. Cf. Appreciate, Depreciate, Interpret,
Praise, n. & v., Precious, Prize.]

1. The sum or amount of money at which a thing is valued, or the
value which a seller sets on his goods in market; that for which
something is bought or sold, or offered for sale; equivalent in money
or other means of exchange; current value or rate paid or demanded in
market or in barter; cost. "Buy wine and milk without money and
without price." Isa. lv. 1.
We can afford no more at such a price. Shak.

2. Value; estimation; excellence; worth.
Her price is far above rubies. Prov. xxxi. 10.
New treasures still, of countless price. Keble.

3. Reward; recompense; as, the price of industry.
'T is the price of toil, The knave deserves it when he tills the
soil. Pope.
Price current, or Price list, a statement or list of the prevailing
prices of merchandise, stocks, specie, bills of exchange, etc.,
published statedly or occasionally.

PRICE
Price, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Priced; p. pr. & vb. n. Pricing.]

1. To pay the price of. [Obs.]
With thine own blood to price his blood. Spenser.

2. To set a price on; to value. See Prize.

3. To ask the price of; as, to price eggs. [Colloq.]

PRICED
Priced, a.

Defn: Rated in price; valued; as, high-priced goods; low-priced
labor.

PRICEITE
Price"ite, n. Etym: [From Thomas Price of San Francisco.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous borate of lime, from Oregon.

PRICELESS
Price"less, a.

1. Too valuable to admit of being appraised; of inestimable worth;
invaluable.

2. Of no value; worthless. [R.] J. Barlow.

PRICK
Prick, n. Etym: [AS. prica, pricca, pricu; akin to LG. prick, pricke,
D. prik, Dan. prik, prikke, Sw. prick. Cf. Prick, v.]

1. That which pricks, penetrates, or punctures; a sharp and slender
thing; a pointed instrument; a goad; a spur, etc.; a point; a skewer.
Pins, wooden pricks, nails, sprigs of rosemary. Shak.
It is hard for thee to kick against the pricks. Acts ix. 5.

2. The act of pricking, or the sensation of being pricked; a sharp,
stinging pain; figuratively, remorse. "The pricks of conscience." A.
Tucker.

3. A mark made by a pointed instrument; a puncture; a point. Hence:
(a) A point or mark on the dial, noting the hour. [Obs.] "The prick
of noon." Shak.
(b) The point on a target at which an archer aims; the mark; the pin.
"They that shooten nearest the prick." Spenser.
(c) A mark denoting degree; degree; pitch. [Obs.] "To prick of
highest praise forth to advance." Spenser.
(d) A mathematical point; -- regularly used in old English
translations of Euclid.
(e) The footprint of a hare. [Obs.]

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A small roll; as, a prick of spun yarn; a prick of tobacco.

PRICK
Prick, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pricked; p. pr. & vb. n. Pricking.] Etym:
[AS. prician; akin to LG. pricken, D. prikken, Dan. prikke, Sw.
pricka. See Prick, n., and cf. Prink, Prig.]

1. To pierce slightly with a sharp-pointed instrument or substance;
to make a puncture in, or to make by puncturing; to drive a fine
point into; as, to prick one with a pin, needle, etc.; to prick a
card; to prick holes in paper.

2. To fix by the point; to attach or hang by puncturing; as, to prick
a knife into a board. Sir I. Newton.
The cooks prick it [a slice] on a prong of iron. Sandys.

3. To mark or denote by a puncture; to designate by pricking; to
choose; to mark; -- sometimes with off.
Some who are pricked for sheriffs. Bacon.
Let the soldiers for duty be carefully pricked off. Sir W. Scott.
Those many, then, shall die: their names are pricked. Shak.

4. To mark the outline of by puncturing; to trace or form by
pricking; to mark by punctured dots; as, to prick a pattern for
embroidery; to prick the notes of a musical composition. Cowper.

5. To ride or guide with spurs; to spur; to goad; to incite; to urge
on; -- sometimes with on, or off.
Who pricketh his blind horse over the fallows. Chaucer.
The season pricketh every gentle heart. Chaucer.
My duty pricks me on to utter that. Shak.

6. To affect with sharp pain; to sting, as with remorse. "I was
pricked with some reproof." Tennyson.
Now when they heard this, they were pricked in their heart. Acts ii.
37.

7. To make sharp; to erect into a point; to raise, as something
pointed; -- said especially of the ears of an animal, as a horse or
dog; and usually followed by up; -- hence, to prick up the ears, to
listen sharply; to have the attention and interest strongly engaged.
"The courser . . . pricks up his ears." Dryden.

8. To render acid or pungent. [Obs.] Hudibras.

9. To dress; to prink; -- usually with up. [Obs.]

10. (Naut)
(a) To run a middle seam through, as the cloth of a sail.
(b) To trace on a chart, as a ship's course.

11. (Far.)
(a) To drive a nail into (a horse's foot), so as to cause lameness.
(b) To nick.

PRICK
Prick, v. i.

1. To be punctured; to suffer or feel a sharp pain, as by puncture;
as, a sore finger pricks.

2. To spur onward; to ride on horseback. Milton.
A gentle knight was pricking on the plain. Spenser.

3. To become sharp or acid; to turn sour, as wine.

4. To aim at a point or mark. Hawkins.

PRICK-EARED
Prick"-eared`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having erect, pointed ears; -- said of certain dogs.
Thou prick-eared cur of Iceland. Shak.

PRICKER
Prick"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, pricks; a pointed instrument; a sharp
point; a prickle.

2. One who spurs forward; a light horseman.
The prickers, who rode foremost, . . . halted. Sir W. Scott.

3. A priming wire; a priming needle, -- used in blasting and gunnery.
Knight.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A small marline spike having generally a wooden handle, -- used
in sailmaking. R. H. Dana, Ir.

PRICKET
Prick"et, n. Etym: [Perhaps so called from the state of his horns.
See Prick, and cf. Brocket.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A buck in his second year. See Note under 3d Buck. Shak.

PRICKING
Prick"ing, n.

1. The act of piercing or puncturing with a sharp point. "There is
that speaketh like the prickings of a sword." Prov. xii. 18 [1583].

2. (Far.)
(a) The driving of a nail into a horse's foot so as to produce
lameness.
(b) Same as Nicking.

3. A sensation of being pricked. Shak.

4. The mark or trace left by a hare's foot; a prick; also, the act of
tracing a hare by its footmarks. [Obs.]

5. Dressing one's self for show; prinking. [Obs.]

PRICKING-UP
Prick"ing-up, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The first coating of plaster in work of three coats upon laths.
Its surface is scratched once to form a better key for the next coat.
In the United States called scratch coat. Brande & C.

PRICKLE
Pric"kle, n. Etym: [AS. pricele, pricle; akin to LG. prickel, D.
prikkel. See Prick, n.]

1. A little prick; a small, sharp point; a fine, sharp process or
projection, as from the skin of an animal, the bark of a plant, etc.;
a spine. Bacon.

2. A kind of willow basket; -- a term still used in some branches of
trade. B. Jonson.

3. A sieve of filberts, -- about fifty pounds. [Eng.]

PRICKLE
Pric"kle, v. t.

Defn: To prick slightly, as with prickles, or fine, sharp points.
Felt a horror over me creep, Prickle skin, and catch my breath.
Tennyson.

PRICKLEBACK; PRICKLEFISH
Pric"kle*back`, Pric"kle*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The stickleback.

PRICKLINESS
Prick"li*ness, n. Etym: [From Prickly.]

Defn: The quality of being prickly, or of having many prickles.

PRICKLING
Prick"ling, a.

Defn: Prickly. [Obs.] Spenser.

PRICKLOUSE
Prick"louse`, n.

Defn: A tailor; -- so called in contempt. [Old slang] L'Estrange.

PRICKLY
Prick"ly, a.

Defn: Full of sharp points or prickles; armed or covered with
prickles; as, a prickly shrub. Prickly ash (Bot.), a prickly shrub
(Xanthoxylum Americanum) with yellowish flowers appearing with the
leaves. All parts of the plant are pungent and aromatic. The southern
species is X. Carolinianum. Gray.
 -- Prickly heat (Med.), a noncontagious cutaneous eruption of red
pimples, attended with intense itching and tingling of the parts
affected. It is due to inflammation of the sweat glands, and is often
brought on by overheating the skin in hot weather.
 -- Prickly pear (Bot.), a name given to several plants of the
cactaceous genus Opuntia, American plants consisting of fleshy,
leafless, usually flattened, and often prickly joints inserted upon
each other. The sessile flowers have many petals and numerous
stamens. The edible fruit is a large pear-shaped berry containing
many flattish seeds. The common species of the Northern Atlantic
States is Opuntia vulgaris. In the South and West are many others,
and in tropical America more than a hundred more. O. vulgaris, O.
Ficus-Indica, and O. Tuna are abundantly introduced in the
Mediterranean region, and O. Dillenii has become common in India.
 -- Prickly pole (Bot.), a West Indian palm (Bactris Plumierana), the
slender trunk of which bears many rings of long black prickles.
 -- Prickly withe (Bot.), a West Indian cactaceous plant (Cereus
triangularis) having prickly, slender, climbing, triangular stems.
 -- Prickly rat (Zoöl.), any one of several species of South American
burrowing rodents belonging to Ctenomys and allied genera. The hair
is usually intermingled with sharp spines.

PRICKMADAM
Prick"mad`am, n. Etym: [F. trique-madame. Cf. Tripmadam.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several species of stonecrop, used as
ingredients of vermifuge medicines. See Stonecrop.

PRICKPUNCH
Prick"punch`, n.

Defn: A pointed steel punch, to prick a mark on metal.

PRICKSHAFT
Prick"shaft`, n.

Defn: An arrow. [Obs.]

PRICKSONG
Prick"song`, n. Etym: [See Prick, v. t., 4.]

Defn: Music written, or noted, with dots or points; -- so called from
the points or dots with which it is noted down. [Obs.]
He fights as you sing pricksong. Shak.

PRICKWOOD
Prick"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A shrub (Euonymus Europæus); -- so named from the use of its
wood for goads, skewers, and shoe pegs. Called also spindle tree.

PRICKY
Prick"y, a.

Defn: Stiff and sharp; prickly. Holland.

PRIDE
Pride, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. lamprede, LL. lampreda, E. lamprey.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European lamprey (Petromyzon branchialis); -- called
also prid, and sandpiper.

PRIDE
Pride, n. Etym: [AS. pryte; akin to Icel. pryedhi honor, ornament, pr
to adorn, Dan. pryde, Sw. pryda; cf. W. prydus comely. See Proud.]

1. The quality or state of being proud; inordinate self-esteem; an
unreasonable conceit of one's own superiority in talents, beauty,
wealth, rank, etc., which manifests itself in lofty airs, distance,
reserve, and often in contempt of others.
Those that walk in pride he is able to abase. Dan. iv. 37.
Pride that dines on vanity sups on contempt. Franklin.

2. A sense of one's own worth, and abhorrence of what is beneath or
unworthy of one; lofty self-respect; noble self-esteem; elevation of
character; dignified bearing; proud delight; -- in a good sense.
Thus to relieve the wretched was his pride. Goldsmith.
A people which takes no pride in the noble achievements of remote
ancestors will never achieve anything worthy to be remembered with
pride by remote descendants. Macaulay.

3. Proud or disdainful behavior or treatment; insolence or arrogance
of demeanor; haughty bearing and conduct; insolent exultation;
disdain.
Let not the foot of pride come against me. Ps. xxxvi. 11.
That hardly we escaped the pride of France. Shak.

4. That of which one is proud; that which excites boasting or self-
gratulation; the occasion or ground of self-esteem, or of arrogant
and presumptuous confidence, as beauty, ornament, noble character,
children, etc.
Lofty trees yclad with summer's pride. Spenser.
I will cut off the pride of the Philistines. Zech. ix. 6.
A bold peasantry, their country's pride. Goldsmith.

5. Show; ostentation; glory.
Pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war. Shak.

6. Highest pitch; elevation reached; loftiness; prime; glory; as, to
be in the pride of one's life.
A falcon, towering in her pride of place. Shak.

7. Consciousness of power; fullness of animal spirits; mettle;
wantonness; hence, lust; sexual desire; esp., an excitement of sexual
appetite in a female beast. [Obs.] Pride of India, or Pride of China.
(Bot.) See Margosa.
 -- Pride of the desert (Zoöl.), the camel.

Syn.
 -- Self-exaltation; conceit; hauteur; haughtiness; lordliness;
loftiness.
 -- Pride, Vanity. Pride is a high or an excessive esteem of one's
self for some real or imagined superiority, as rank, wealth, talents,
character, etc. Vanity is the love of being admired, praised,
exalted, etc., by others. Vanity is an ostentation of pride; but one
may have great pride without displaying it. Vanity, which is
etymologically "emptiness," is applied especially to the exhibition
of pride in superficialities, as beauty, dress, wealth, etc.

PRIDE
Pride, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prided; p. pr. & vb. n. Priding.]

Defn: To indulge in pride, or self-esteem; to rate highly; to plume;
-- used reflexively. Bp. Hall.
Pluming and priding himself in all his services. South.

PRIDE
Pride, v. i.

Defn: To be proud; to glory. [R.]

PRIDEFUL
Pride"ful, a.

Defn: Full of pride; haughty. Tennyson.
 -- Pride"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Pride"ful-ness, n.

PRIDELESS
Pride"less, a.

Defn: Without pride. Chaucer.

PRIDIAN
Prid"i*an, a. Etym: [L. pridianus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the day before, or yesterday. [R.]
Thackeray.

PRIDINGLY
Prid"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Proudly. [Obs.]

PRIE
Prie, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The plant privet. [Obs.] Tusser.

PRIE
Prie, v. i.

Defn: To pry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PRIED
Pried,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Pry.

PRIEDIEU
Prie`dieu", n. Etym: [F., literally, pray God.]

Defn: A kneeling desk for prayers.

PRIEF
Prief, n.

Defn: Proof. [Obs.] Spenser. Lydgate.

PRIER
Pri"er, n. Etym: [From Pry.]

Defn: One who pries; one who inquires narrowly and searches, or is
inquisitive.
So pragmatical a prier he is into divine secrets. Fuller.

PRIEST
Priest, n. Etym: [OE. prest, preost, AS. preóst, fr. L. presbyter,
Gr. pristinus. Cf. Pristine, Presbyter.]

1. (Christian Church)

Defn: A presbyter elder; a minister; specifically:
(a) (R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.) One who is authorized to consecrate the
host and to say Mass; but especially, one of the lowest order
possessing this power. Murdock. (b) (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.)

Defn: A presbyter; one who belongs to the intermediate order between
bishop and deacon. He is authorized to perform all ministerial
services except those of ordination and confirmation.

2. One who officiates at the altar, or performs the rites of
sacrifice; one who acts as a mediator between men and the divinity or
the gods in any form of religion; as, Buddhist priests. "The priests
of Dagon." 1 Sam. v. 5.
Then the priest of Jupiter . . . brought oxen and garlands . . . and
would have done sacrifice with the people. Acts xiv. 13.
Every priest taken from among men is ordained for men in things
pertaining to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for
sins. Heb. v. 1.

Note: In the New Testament presbyters are not called priests; but
Christ is designated as a priest, and as a high priest, and all
Christians are designated priests.

PRIEST
Priest, v. t.

Defn: To ordain as priest.

PRIESTCAP
Priest"cap`, n. (Fort.)

Defn: A form of redan, so named from its shape; -- called also
swallowtail.

PRIESTCRAFT
Priest"craft`, n.

Defn: Priestly policy; the policy of a priesthood; esp., in an ill
sense, fraud or imposition in religious concerns; management by
priests to gain wealth and power by working upon the religious
motives or credulity of others.
It is better that men should be governed by priestcraft than by
violence. Macaulay.

PRIESTERY
Priest"er*y, n.

Defn: Priests, collectively; the priesthood; -- so called in
contempt. [R.] Milton.

PRIESTESS
Priest"ess, n.

Defn: A woman who officiated in sacred rites among pagans. Abp.
Potter.

PRIESTHOOD
Priest"hood, n.

1. The office or character of a priest; the priestly function. Bk. of
Com. Prayer.

2. Priests, taken collectively; the order of men set apart for sacred
offices; the order of priests.

PRIESTING
Priest"ing, n.

Defn: The office of a priest. [Obs.] Milton.

PRIESTISM
Priest"ism, n.

Defn: The influence, doctrines, principles, etc., of priests or the
priesthood. [R.]

PRIESTLESS
Priest"less, a.

Defn: Without a priest. Pope.

PRIESTLIKE
Priest"like`, a.

Defn: Priestly. B. Jonson.

PRIESTLINESS
Priest"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being priestly. R. Browning.

PRIESTLY
Priest"ly, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a priest or the priesthood; sacerdotal;
befitting or becoming a priest; as, the priestly office; a priestly
farewell. Shak.

PRIEST-RIDDEN
Priest"-rid`den, a.

Defn: Controlled or oppressed by priests; as, a priest-ridden people.
Swift.

PRIEVE
Prieve, v. t.

Defn: To prove. [Obs. or Scot.]

PRIG
Prig, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prigged; p. pr. & vb. n. Prigging.] Etym:
[A modification of prick.]

Defn: To haggle about the price of a commodity; to bargain hard.
[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

PRIG
Prig, v. t.

1. To cheapen. [Scot.]

2. Etym: [Perhaps orig., to ride off with. See Prick, v. t.]

Defn: To filch or steal; as, to prig a handkerchief. [Cant]

PRIG
Prig, n.

1. A pert, conceited, pragmatical fellow.
The queer prig of a doctor. Macaulay.

2. A thief; a filcher. [Cant] Shak.

PRIGGERY
Prig"ger*y, n.

Defn: Priggism.

PRIGGISH
Prig"gish, a.

Defn: Like a prig; conceited; pragmatical.
 -- Prig"gish*ly, adv.
 -- Prig"gish-ness, n.

PRIGGISM
Prig"gism, n.

1. The quality or state of being priggish; the manners of a prig. Ed.
Rev.

2. Roguery; thievery. [Obs.] Fielding.

PRIGHTE
Prigh"te, obs.

Defn: imp. of Prick. Chaucer.

PRILL
Prill, n. Etym: [Cf. Brill.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The brill.

PRILL
Prill, v. i.

Defn: To flow. [Obs.] Stow.

PRILL
Prill, n.

Defn: A stream. [Obs.] Davies (Microcosmos).

PRILL
Prill, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

1. (Mining)
(a) A nugget of virgin metal.
(b) Ore selected for excellence.

2. The button of metal from an assay.

PRILLION
Pril"lion, n.

Defn: Tin extracted from the slag.

PRIM
Prim, n. Etym: [See Privet.] (Bot)

Defn: The privet.

PRIM
Prim, a. Etym: [OF. prim, prin, prime, first, principal. sharp, thin,
piercing, fr. L. primus first. See Prime, a.]

Defn: Formal; precise; affectedly neat or nice; as, prim regularity;
a prim person. Swift.

PRIM
Prim, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Primmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Primming.]

Defn: To deck with great nicety; to arrange with affected
preciseness; to prink.

PRIM
Prim, v. i.

Defn: To dress or act smartly. [R.]

PRIMACY
Pri"ma*cy, n. Etym: [LL. primatia, fr. L. primas, -atis, one of the
first or principal, chief, fr. primus first: cf. F. primatie. See
Prime, a.]

1. The state or condition of being prime or first, as in time, place,
rank, etc., hence, excellency; supremacy. [R.] De Quincey.

2. The office, rank, or character of a primate; the chief
ecclesiastical station or dignity in a national church; the office or
dignity of an archbishop; as, the primacy of England.

PRIMA DONNA
Pri"ma don"na; pl. E. Prima donnas, It. Prime Donne. Etym: [It., fr.
primo, prima, the first + donna lady, mistress. See Prime, a., and
Donna.]

Defn: The first or chief female singer in an opera.

PRIMA FACIE
Pri"ma fa"ci*e. Etym: [L., from abl. of primus first + abl. of facies
appearance.]

Defn: At first view; on the first appearance. Prima facie evidence
(of a fact) (Law), evidence which is sufficient to establish the fact
unless rebutted. Bouvier.

PRIMAGE
Pri"mage (; 48), n. Etym: [F.] (Com.)

Defn: A charge in addition to the freight; originally, a gratuity to
the captain for his particular care of the goods (sometimes called
hat money), but now belonging to the owners or freighters of the
vessel, unless by special agreement the whole or part is assigned to
the captain. Homans.

PRIMAL
Pri"mal, a. Etym: [LL. primalis, fr. L. primus the first. See Prime,
a.]

Defn: First; primary; original; chief.
It hath the primal eldest curse upon it. Shak.
The primal duties shine aloft like stars. Wordsworth.

PRIMALITY
Pri*mal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being primal. [Obs.]

PRIMARILY
Pri"ma*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a primary manner; in the first place; in the first place; in
the first intention; originally.

PRIMARINESS
Pri"ma*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being primary, or first in time, in
act, or in intention. Norris.

PRIMARY
Pri"ma*ry, a. Etym: [L. primarius, fr. primus first: cf. F. primaire.
See Prime, a., and cf. Premier, Primero.]

1. First in order of time or development or in intention; primitive;
fundamental; original.
The church of Christ, in its primary institution. Bp. Pearson.
These I call original, or primary, qualities of body. Locke.

2. First in order, as being preparatory to something higher; as,
primary assemblies; primary schools.

3. First in dignity or importance; chief; principal; as, primary
planets; a matter of primary importance.

4. (Geol.)

Defn: Earliest formed; fundamental.

5. (Chem.)

Defn: Illustrating, possessing, or characterized by, some quality or
property in the first degree; having undergone the first stage of
substitution or replacement. Primary alcohol (Organic Chem.), any
alcohol which possess the group CH2.OH, and can be oxidized so as to
form a corresponding aldehyde and acid having the same number of
carbon atoms; -- distinguished from secondary and tertiary alcohols.
 -- Primary amine (Chem.), an amine containing the amido group, or a
derivative of ammonia in which only one atom of hydrogen has been
replaced by a basic radical; -- distinguished from secondary and
tertiary amines.
 -- Primary amputation (Surg.), an amputation for injury performed as
soon as the shock due to the injury has passed away, and before
symptoms of inflammation supervene.
 -- Primary axis (Bot.), the main stalk which bears a whole cluster
of flowers.
 -- Primary colors. See under Color.
 -- Primary meeting, a meeting of citizens at which the first steps
are taken towards the nomination of candidates, etc. See Caucus.
 -- Primary pinna (Bot.), one of those portions of a compound leaf or
frond which branch off directly from the main rhachis or stem,
whether simple or compounded.
 -- Primary planets. (Astron.) See the Note under Planet.
 -- Primary qualities of bodies, such are essential to and
inseparable from them.
 -- Primary quills (Zoöl.), the largest feathers of the wing of a
bird; primaries.
 -- Primary rocks (Geol.), a term early used for rocks supposed to
have been first formed, being crystalline and containing no organic
remains, as granite, gneiss, etc.; -- called also primitive rocks.
The terms Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary rocks have also been
used in like manner, but of these the last two only are now in use.
 -- Primary salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a polybasic acid in
which only one acid hydrogen atom has been replaced by a base or
basic radical.
 -- Primary syphilis (Med.), the initial stage of syphilis, including
the period from the development of the original lesion or chancre to
the first manifestation of symptoms indicative of general
constitutional infection.
 -- Primary union (Surg.), union without suppuration; union by the
first intention.

PRIMARY
Pri"ma*ry, n.; pl. Primaries (.

1. That which stands first in order, rank, or importance; a chief
matter.

2. A primary meeting; a caucus.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the large feathers on the distal joint of a bird's wing.
See Plumage, and Illust. of Bird.

4. (Astron.)

Defn: A primary planet; the brighter component of a double star. See
under Planet.

PRIMATE
Pri"mate, n. Etym: [OE. primat, F. primat, L. primas, -atis one of
the first, chief, fr. primus the first. See Prime, a.]

1. The chief ecclesiastic in a national church; one who presides over
other bishops in a province; an archbishop.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Primates.

PRIMATES
Pri*ma"tes, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The highest order of mammals. It includes man, together with
the apes and monkeys. Cf. Pitheci.

PRIMATESHIP
Pri"mate*ship, n.

Defn: The office, dignity, or position of a primate; primacy.

PRIMATIAL
Pri*ma"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. primatial.]

Defn: Primatical. [R.] D'Anville (Trans. ).

PRIMATICAL
Pri*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a primate. Barrow.

PRIME
Prime, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. primus first, a superl. corresponding to
the compar. prior former. See Prior, a., Foremost, Former, and cf.
Prim, a., Primary, Prince.]

1. First in order of time; original; primeval; primitive; primary.
"Prime forests." Tennyson.
She was not the prime cause, but I myself. Milton.

Note: In this sense the word is nearly superseded by primitive,
except in the phrase prime cost.

2. First in rank, degree, dignity, authority, or importance; as,
prime minister. "Prime virtues." Dryden.

3. First in excellence; of highest quality; as, prime wheat; a prime
quality of cloth.

4. Early; blooming; being in the first stage. [Poetic]
His starry helm, unbuckled, showed him prime In manhood where youth
ended. Milton.

5. Lecherous; lustful; lewd. [Obs.] Shak.

6. Marked or distinguished by a mark (') called a prime mark. Prime
and ultimate ratio. (Math.). See Ultimate.
 -- Prime conductor. (Elec.) See under Conductor.
 -- Prime factor (Arith.), a factor which is a prime number.
 -- Prime figure (Geom.), a figure which can not be divided into any
other figure more simple than itself, as a triangle, a pyramid, etc.
 -- Prime meridian (Astron.), the meridian from which longitude is
reckoned, as the meridian of Greenwich or Washington.
 -- Prime minister, the responsible head of a ministry or executive
government; applied particularly to that of England.
 -- Prime mover. (Mech.) (a) A natural agency applied by man to the
production of power. Especially: Muscular force; the weight and
motion of fluids, as water and air; heat obtained by chemical
combination, and applied to produce changes in the volume and
pressure of steam, air, or other fluids; and electricity, obtained by
chemical action, and applied to produce alternation of magnetic
force. (b) An engine, or machine, the object of which is to receive
and modify force and motion as supplied by some natural source, and
apply them to drive other machines; as a water wheel, a water-
pressure engine, a steam engine, a hot-air engine, etc. (c) Fig.: The
original or the most effective force in any undertaking or work; as,
Clarkson was the prime mover in English antislavery agitation.
 -- Prime number (Arith.), a number which is exactly divisible by no
number except itself or unity, as 5, 7, 11.
 -- Prime vertical (Astron.), the vertical circle which passes
through the east and west points of the horizon.
 -- Prime-vertical dial, a dial in which the shadow is projected on
the plane of the prime vertical.
 -- Prime-vertical transit instrument, a transit instrument the
telescope of which revolves in the plane of the prime vertical, --
used for observing the transit of stars over this circle.

PRIME
Prime, n.

1. The first part; the earliest stage; the beginning or opening, as
of the day, the year, etc.; hence, the dawn; the spring. Chaucer.
In the very prime of the world. Hooker.
Hope waits upon the flowery prime. Waller.

2. The spring of life; youth; hence, full health, strength, or
beauty; perfection. "Cut off in their prime." Eustace. "The prime of
youth." Dryden.

3. That which is first in quantity; the most excellent portion; the
best part.
Give him always of the prime. Swift.

4. Etym: [F. prime, LL. prima (sc. hora). See Prime, a.]

Defn: The morning; specifically (R. C. Ch.), the first canonical
hour, succeeding to lauds.
Early and late it rung, at evening and at prime. Spenser.

Note: Originally, prime denoted the first quarter of the artificial
day, reckoned from 6 a. m. to 6 p. m. Afterwards, it denoted the end
of the first quarter, that is, 9 a. a. Specifically, it denoted the
first canonical hour, as now. Chaucer uses it in all these senses,
and also in the sense of def. 1, above.
They sleep till that it was pryme large. Chaucer.

5. (Fencing)

Defn: The first of the chief guards.

6. (Chem.)

Defn: Any number expressing the combining weight or equivalent of any
particular element; -- so called because these numbers were
respectively reduced to their lowest relative terms on the fixed
standard of hydrogen as 1. [Obs. or Archaic]

7. (Arith.)

Defn: A prime number. See under Prime, a.

8. An inch, as composed of twelve seconds in the duodecimal system; -
- denoted by [']. See 2d Inch, n., 1. Prime of the moon, the new moon
at its first appearance.

PRIME
Prime, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Primed; p. pr. & vb. n. Priming.] Etym:
[From Prime, a.]

1. To apply priming to, as a musket or a cannon; to apply a primer
to, as a metallic cartridge.

2. To lay the first color, coating, or preparation upon (a surface),
as in painting; as, to prime a canvas, a wall.

3. To prepare; to make ready; to instruct beforehand; to post; to
coach; as, to prime a witness; the boys are primed for mischief.
[Colloq.] Thackeray.

4. To trim or prune, as trees. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

5. (Math.)

Defn: To mark with a prime mark. To prime a pump, to charge a pump
with water, in order to put it in working condition.

PRIME
Prime, v. i.

1. To be renewed, or as at first. [Obs.]
Night's bashful empress, though she often wane, As oft repeats her
darkness, primes again. Quarles
.

2. To serve as priming for the charge of a gun.

3. To work so that foaming occurs from too violent ebullition, which
causes water to become mixed with, and be carried along with, the
steam that is formed; -- said of a steam boiler.

PRIMELY
Prime"ly, adv.

1. At first; primarily. [Obs.] South.

2. In a prime manner; excellently.

PRIMENESS
Prime"ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being first.

2. The quality or state of being prime, or excellent.

PRIMER
Prim"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, primes; specifically, an instrument or
device for priming; esp., a cap, tube, or water containing percussion
powder or other capable for igniting a charge of gunpowder.

PRIMER
Prim"er, a. Etym: [OF. primer, primier, premier, F. premier. See
Premier.]

Defn: First; original; primary. [Obs.] "The primer English kings."
Drayton. Primer fine (O. Eng. Law), a fine due to the king on the
writ or commencement of a suit by fine. Blackstone.
 -- Primer seizin (Feudal Law), the right of the king, when a tenant
in capite died seized of a knight's fee, to receive of the heir, if
of full age, one year's profits of the land if in possession, and
half a year's profits if the land was in reversion expectant on an
estate for life; -- now abolished. Blackstone.

PRIMER
Prim"er, n. Etym: [Originally, the book read at prime, the first
canonical hour. LL. primae liber. See Prime, n., 4.]

1. Originally, a small prayer book for church service, containing the
little office of the Virgin Mary; also, a work of elementary
religious instruction.
The primer, or office of the Blessed Virgin. Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. A small elementary book for teaching children to read; a reading
or spelling book for a beginner.
As he sat in the school at his prymer. Chaucer.

3. (Print.)

Defn: A kind of type, of which there are two species; one, called
long primer, intermediate in size between bourgeois and small pica
[see Long primer]; the other, called great primer, larger than pica.

Note: Great primer type.

PRIMERO
Pri*me"ro, n. Etym: [Sp. primera, fr. primero first, from L.
primarius. See Premier.]

Defn: A game at cards, now unknown. Shak.

PRIMEROLE
Prim"er*ole, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Primrose. [Obs.] "She was a primerole." Chaucer.

PRIMEVAL
Pri*me"val, a. Etym: [L. primaevus; primus first + aevum age. See
Prime, a., and Age.]

Defn: Belonging to the first ages; pristine; original; primitive;
primary; as, the primeval innocence of man. "This is the forest
primeval." Longfellow.
From chaos, and primeval darkness, came Light. Keats.

PRIMEVALLY
Pri*me"val*ly, adv.

Defn: In a primeval manner; in or from the earliest times;
originally. Darwin.

PRIMEVOUS
Pri*me"vous, a.

Defn: Primeval. [Obs.]

PRIMIGENIAL
Pri`mi*ge"ni*al, a.

Defn: First born, or first of all; original; primary. See
Primogenial.

PRIMIGENIOUS; PRIMIGENOUS
Pri`mi*ge"ni*ous, Pri*mig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. primigenus,
primigenius. See Primogeniture.]

Defn: First formed or generated; original; primigenial. Bp. Hall.

PRIMINE
Pri"mine, n. Etym: [L. primus first: cf. F. primine.] (Bot.)

Defn: The outermost of the two integuments of an ovule.

Note: This word has been used by some writers to denote the inner
integument, which is formed earlier than the outer. Cf. Secundine.

PRIMING
Prim"ing, n.

1. The powder or other combustible used to communicate fire to a
charge of gunpowder, as in a firearm.

2. (Paint.)

Defn: The first coating of color, size, or the like, laid on canvas,
or on a building, or other surface.

3. (Steam Eng.)

Defn: The carrying over of water, with the steam, from the boiler, as
into the cylinder. Priming of the tide. See Lag of the tide, under 2d
Lag.
 -- Priming tube, a small pipe, filled with a combustible composition
for firing cannon.
 -- Priming valve (Steam Eng.), a spring safety valve applied to the
cylinder of a steam engine for discharging water carried into the
cylinder by priming.
 -- Priming wire, a pointed wire used to penetrate the vent of a
piece, for piercing the cartridge before priming.

PRIMIPARA
Pri*mip"a*ra, n. Etym: [L., fr. primus first + parere to bring
forth.] (Med.)

Defn: A woman who bears a child for the first time.

PRIMIPAROUS
Pri*mip"a*rous, a. Etym: [See Primipara.]

Defn: Belonging to a first birth; bearing young for the first time.

PRIMIPILAR
Pri*mip"i*lar, a. Etym: [L. primipilaris, fr. primipilus the
centurion of the first cohort of a Roman legion, fr. primus pilus the
division made up of the triarii in the Roman army.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the captain of the vanguard of a Roman
army. Barrow.

PRIMITIA
Pri*mi"ti*a, n.; pl. Primitiæ (Primitias, obs.). Etym: [L. primitiae,
pl., fr. primus first. Cf. Premices.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: The first fruit; the first year's whole profit of an
ecclesiastical preferment.
The primitias of your parsonage. Spenser.

PRIMITIAL
Pri*mi"tial, a.

Defn: Being of the first production; primitive; original. [Obs.]
Ainsworth.

PRIMITIVE
Prim"i*tive, a. Etym: [L. primitivus, fr. primus the first: cf. F.
primitif. See Prime, a.]

1. Of or pertaining to the beginning or origin, or to early times;
original; primordial; primeval; first; as, primitive innocence; the
primitive church. "Our primitive great sire." Milton.

2. Of or pertaining to a former time; old-fashioned; characterized by
simplicity; as, a primitive style of dress.

3. Original; primary; radical; not derived; as, primitive verb in
grammar. Primitive axes of coördinate (Geom.), that system of axes to
which the points of a magnitude are first referred, with reference to
a second set or system, to which they are afterward referred.
 -- Primitive chord (Mus.), that chord, the lowest note of which is
of the same literal denomination as the fundamental base of the
harmony; -- opposed to derivative. Moore (Encyc. of Music).
 -- Primitive circle (Spherical Projection), the circle cut from the
sphere to be projected, by the primitive plane.
 -- Primitive colors (Paint.), primary colors. See under Color.
 -- Primitive Fathers (Eccl.), the acknowledged Christian writers who
flourished before the Council of Nice, A. D. 325. Shipley.
 -- Primitive groove (Anat.), a depression or groove in the epiblast
of the primitive streak. It is not connected with the medullary
groove, which appears later and in front of it.
 -- Primitive plane (Spherical Projection), the plane upon which the
projections are made, generally coinciding with some principal circle
of the sphere, as the equator or a meridian.
 -- Primitive rocks (Geol.), primary rocks. See under Primary.
 -- Primitive sheath. (Anat.) See Neurilemma.
 -- Primitive streak or trace (Anat.), an opaque and thickened band
where the mesoblast first appears in the vertebrate blastoderm.

Syn.
 -- First; original; radical; pristine; ancient; primeval;
antiquated; old-fashioned.

PRIMITIVE
Prim"i*tive, n.

Defn: An original or primary word; a word not derived from another; -
- opposed to derivative.

PRIMITIVELY
Prim"i*tive*ly, adv.

1. Originally; at first.

2. Primarily; not derivatively.

3. According to the original rule or ancient practice; in the ancient
style. South.

PRIMITIVENESS
Prim"i*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being primitive; conformity to
primitive style or practice.

PRIMITY
Prim"i*ty, n.

Defn: Quality of being first; primitiveness. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

PRIMLY
Prim"ly, adv.

Defn: In a prim or precise manner.

PRIMNESS
Prim"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being prim; affected formality or
niceness; preciseness; stiffness.

PRIMO
Pri"mo, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: First; chief.

PRIMOGENIAL
Pri`mo*ge"ni*al, a. Etym: [See Primigenial.]

Defn: First born, made, or generated; original; primary; elemental;
as, primogenial light. Glanvill.

PRIMOGENITIVE
Pri`mo*gen"i*tive, a. Etym: [See Primogeniture.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to primogeniture. [R.]

PRIMOGENITIVE
Pri`mo*gen"i*tive, n.

Defn: Primogeniture. [Obs.]
The primogenitive and due of birth. Shak.

PRIMOGENITOR
Pri`mo*gen"i*tor, n. Etym: [LL., fr. L. primus first + genitor a
begetter.]

Defn: The first ancestor; a forefather.

PRIMOGENITURE
Pri`mo*gen"i*ture, n. Etym: [LL., fr. L. primus first + genitura a
begetting, birth, generation, fr. genere, gignere, to beget: cf. F.
primogéniture, L. primogenitus firstborn. See Prime, a., and Genus,
Kin.]

1. The state of being the firstborn of the same parents; seniority by
birth among children of the same family.

2. (Eng. Law)

Defn: The exclusive right of inheritance which belongs to the eldest
son. Thus in England the right of inheriting the estate of the father
belongs to the eldest son, and in the royal family the eldest son of
the sovereign is entitled to the throne by primogeniture. In
exceptional cases, among the female children, the crown descends by
right of primogeniture to the eldest daughter only and her issue.
Blackstone.

PRIMOGENITURESHIP
Pri`mo*gen"i*ture*ship, n.

Defn: The state or privileges of the firstborn. Burke.

PRIMORDIAL
Pri*mor"di*al, a. Etym: [L. primordialis, from primordium the first
beginning; primus first + ordiri to begin a web, to begin: cf. F.
primordial.]

1. First in order; primary; original; of earliest origin; as,
primordial condition. "The primordial facts of our intelligent
nature." Sir W. Hamilton.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lowest beds of the Silurian age,
corresponding to the Acadian and Potsdam periods in American geology.
It is called also Cambrian, and by many geologists is separated from
the Silurian.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: Originally or earliest formed in the growth of an individual or
organ; as, a primordial leaf; a primordial cell. Primordial utricle
(Bot.), the interior lining of a young vegetable cell.

PRIMORDIAL
Pri*mor"di*al, n.

Defn: A first principle or element.

PRIMORDIALISM
Pri*mor"di*al*ism, n.

Defn: Devotion to, or persistence in, conditions of the primordial
state. H. Spencer.

PRIMORDIALLY
Pri*mor"di*al*ly, adv.

Defn: At the beginning; under the first order of things; originally.

PRIMORDIAN
Pri*mor"di*an, n. Etym: [L. primordius first of all, fr. primordium.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several kinds of plums; as, red primordian,
amber primordian, etc.

PRIMORDIATE
Pri*mor"di*ate, a.

Defn: Primordial. [R.] Boyle.

PRIMP
Primp, v. i. & t. Etym: [Cf. Prim, a.]

Defn: To be formal or affected in dress or manners; -- often with up.
[Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell.

PRIMROSE
Prim"rose`, n. Etym: [OE. primerole, F. primerole, a derivative fr.
LL. primula, from L. primus first. See Prime, a.] (Bot.)
(a) An early flowering plant of the genus Primula (P. vulgaris)
closely allied to the cowslip. There are several varieties, as the
white-, the red-, the yellow-flowered, etc. Formerly called also
primerole, primerolles.
(b) Any plant of the genus Primula. Evening primrose, an erect
biennial herb (Enothera biennis), with yellow vespertine flowers,
common in the United States. The name is sometimes extended to other
species of the same genus.
 -- Primrose peerless, the two-flowered Narcissus (N. biflorus).
[Obs.]

PRIMROSE
Prim"rose`, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the primrose; of the color of a primrose; -
- hence, flowery; gay. "The primrose path of dalliance." Shak.

PRIMROSE LEAGUE
Prim"rose` League. (Eng. Politics)

Defn: A league of both sexes among the Conservatives, founded in
1883. So called because primrose was (erroneously, it is said) taken
to be the favorite flower of the Conservative statesman Benjamin
Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield.

PRIMULA
Prim"u*la, n. Etym: [LL. See Primrose.] (Bot.)

Defn: The genus of plants including the primrose (Primula vera).

PRIMULACEOUS
Prim`u*la"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an order of herbaceous plants (Primulaceæ),
of which the primrose is the type, and the pimpernel, the cyclamen,
and the water violet are other examples.

PRIMUM MOBILE
Pri"mum mob"i*le. Etym: [L., first cause of motion.] (Astron.)

Defn: In the Ptolemaic system, the outermost of the revolving
concentric spheres constituting the universe, the motion of which was
supposed to carry with it all the inclosed spheres with their planets
in a daily revolution from east to west. See Crystalline heavens,
under Crystalline.
The motions of the greatest persons in a government ought to be, as
the motions of the planets, under primum mobile. Bacon.

PRIMUS
Pri"mus, n. Etym: [L., the first.]

Defn: One of the bishops of the Episcopal Church of Scotland, who
presides at the meetings of the bishops, and has certain privileges
but no metropolitan authority. Internat. Cyc.

PRIMY
Prim"y, a. Etym: [From Prime, a.]

Defn: Being in its prime. [Obs.] "The youth of primy nature." Shak.

PRINCE
Prince, n. Etym: [F., from L. princeps, -cipis, the first, chief;
primus first + capere to take. See Prime, a., and Capacious.]

1. The one of highest rank; one holding the highest place and
authority; a sovereign; a monarch; -- originally applied to either
sex, but now rarely applied to a female. Wyclif (Rev. i. 5).
Go, Michael, of celestial armies prince. Milton.
Queen Elizabeth, a prince admirable above her sex. Camden.

2. The son of a king or emperor, or the issue of a royal family; as,
princes of the blood. Shak.

3. A title belonging to persons of high rank, differing in different
countries. In England it belongs to dukes, marquises, and earls, but
is given to members of the royal family only. In Italy a prince is
inferior to a duke as a member of a particular order of nobility; in
Spain he is always one of the royal family.

4. The chief of any body of men; one at the head of a class or
profession; one who is preëminent; as, a merchant prince; a prince of
players. "The prince of learning." Peacham. Prince-Albert coat, a
long double-breasted frock coat for men.
 -- Prince of the blood, Prince consort, Prince of darkness. See
under Blood, Consort, and Darkness.
 -- Prince of Wales, the oldest son of the English sovereign.
 -- Prince's feather (Bot.), a name given to two annual herbs
(Amarantus caudatus and Polygonum orientale), with apetalous reddish
flowers arranged in long recurved panicled spikes.
 -- Prince's metal, Prince Rupert's metal. See under Metal. Prince's
pine. (Bot.) See Pipsissewa.

PRINCE
Prince, v. i.

Defn: To play the prince. [R.] Shak.

PRINCEDOM
Prince"dom, n.

Defn: The jurisdiction, sovereignty, rank, or estate of a prince.
Thrones, princedoms, powers, dominions, I reduce. Milton.

PRINCEHOOD
Prince"hood, n.

Defn: Princeliness. [Obs.] E. Hall.

PRINCEKIN
Prince"kin, n.

Defn: A petty prince; a princeling.
The princekins of private life. Thackeray.

PRINCELESS
Prince"less, a.

Defn: Without a prince. Fuller.

PRINCELET
Prince"let, n.

Defn: A petty prince. [R.]

PRINCELIKE
Prince"like`, a.

Defn: Princely. Shak.

PRINCELINESS
Prince"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being princely; the state, manner, or dignity of
a prince.

PRINCELING
Prince"ling, n.

Defn: A petty prince; a young prince.

PRINCELY
Prince"ly, a.

1. Of or relating to a prince; regal; royal; of highest rank or
authority; as, princely birth, character, fortune, etc.

2. Suitable for, or becoming to, a prince; grand; august; munificent;
magnificent; as, princely virtues; a princely fortune. "Most princely
gifts." Shak.

PRINCELY
Prince"ly, adv.

Defn: In a princely manner.
My appetite was not princely got. Shak.

PRINCESS
Prin"cess, n. Etym: [F. princesse. See Prince, and cf. Princesse.]

1. A female prince; a woman having sovereign power, or the rank of a
prince. Dryden.
So excellent a princess as the present queen. Swift.

2. The daughter of a sovereign; a female member of a royal family.
Shak.

3. The consort of a prince; as, the princess of Wales. Princess
royal, the eldest daughter of a sovereign.

PRINCESSE
Prin*cesse", a. Etym: [F., a princess.]

Defn: A term applied to a lady's long, close-fitting dress made with
waist and skirt in one.

PRINCESSLIKE
Prin"cess*like`, a.

Defn: Like a princess.

PRINCEWOOD
Prince"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The wood of two small tropical American trees (Hamelia
ventricosa, and Cordia gerascanthoides). It is brownish, veined with
lighter color.

PRINCIFIED
Prin"ci*fied, a. Etym: [Prince + L. -ficare (in comp.).]

Defn: Imitative of a prince. [R. & Colloq.] Thackeray.

PRINCIPAL
Prin"ci*pal, a. Etym: [F., from L. principalis. See Prince.]

1. Highest in rank, authority, character, importance, or degree; most
considerable or important; chief; main; as, the principal officers of
a Government; the principal men of a state; the principal productions
of a country; the principal arguments in a case.
Wisdom is the principal thing. Prov. iv. 7.

2. Of or pertaining to a prince; princely. [A Latinism] [Obs.]
Spenser. Principal axis. See Axis of a curve, under Axis.
 -- Principal axes of a quadric (Geom.), three lines in which the
principal planes of the solid intersect two and two, as in an
ellipsoid.
 -- Principal challenge. (Law) See under Challenge.
 -- Principal plane. See Plane of projection (a), under Plane.
 -- Principal of a quadric (Geom.), three planes each of which is at
right angles to the other two, and bisects all chords of the quadric
perpendicular to the plane, as in an ellipsoid.
 -- Principal point (Persp.), the projection of the point of sight
upon the plane of projection.
 -- Principal ray (Persp.), the line drawn through the point of sight
perpendicular to the perspective plane.
 -- Principal section (Crystallog.), a plane passing through the
optical axis of a crystal.

PRINCIPAL
Prin"ci*pal, n.

1. A leader, chief, or head; one who takes the lead; one who acts
independently, or who has controlling authority or influence; as, the
principal of a faction, a school, a firm, etc.; -- distinguished from
a subordinate, abettor, auxiliary, or assistant.

2. Hence: (Law)
(a) The chief actor in a crime, or an abettor who is present at it, -
- as distinguished from an accessory.
(b) A chief obligor, promisor, or debtor, -- as distinguished from a
surety.
(c) One who employs another to act for him, -- as distinguished from
an agent. Wharton. Bouvier. Burrill.

3. A thing of chief or prime importance; something fundamental or
especially conspicuous. Specifically:
(a) (Com.) A capital sum of money, placed out at interest, due as a
debt or used as a fund; -- so called in distinction from interest or
profit.
(b) (Arch. & Engin.) The construction which gives shape and strength
to a roof, -- generally a truss of timber or iron, but there are
roofs with stone principals. Also, loosely, the most important member
of a piece of framing.
(c) (Mus.) In English organs the chief open metallic stop, an octave
above the open diapason. On the manual it is four feet long, on the
pedal eight feet. In Germany this term corresponds to the English
open diapason.
(d) (O. Eng. Law) A heirloom; a mortuary. Cowell. (e) pl.

Defn: The first two long feathers of a hawk's wing. Spenser. J. H.
Walsh.
(f) One of turrets or pinnacles of waxwork and tapers with which the
posts and center of a funeral hearse were formerly crowned. Oxf.
Gloss.
(g) A principal or essential point or rule; a principle. [Obs.]

PRINCIPALITY
Prin`ci*pal"i*ty, n.; pl. Principalities. Etym: [L. principalitas
preëminence, excellence: cf. F. principalité, principauté. See
Principal.]

1. Sovereignty; supreme power; hence, superiority; predominance;
high, or the highest, station. Sir P. Sidney.
Your principalities shall come down, even the crown of your glory.
Jer. xiii. 18.
The prerogative and principality above everything else. Jer. Taylor.

2. A prince; one invested with sovereignty. "Next upstood Nisroch, of
principalities the prime." Milton.

3. The territory or jurisdiction of a prince; or the country which
gives title to a prince; as, the principality of Wales.

PRINCIPALLY
Prin"ci*pal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a principal manner; primarily; above all; chiefly; mainly.

PRINCIPALNESS
Prin"ci*pal*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being principal.

PRINCIPATE
Prin"ci*pate, n. Etym: [L. principatus: cf. F. principat.]

Defn: Principality; supreme rule. [Obs.] Barrow.

PRINCIPIA
Prin*cip"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [L. principium. See Principle.]

Defn: First principles; fundamental beginnings; elements; as.
Newton's Principia.

PRINCIPIAL
Prin*cip"i*al, a.

Defn: Elementary. [Obs.] Bacon.

PRINCIPIANT
Prin*cip"i*ant, a. Etym: [L. principians, p. pr. of principiare to
begin, fr. principium. See Principle.]

Defn: Relating to principles or beginnings. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

PRINCIPIATE
Prin*cip"i*ate, v. t. Etym: [See Principiant.]

Defn: To begin; to initiate. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

PRINCIPIATION
Prin*cip`i*a"tion, n.

Defn: Analysis into primary or elemental parts. [Archaic] Bacon.

PRINCIPLE
Prin"ci*ple, n. Etym: [F. principe, L. principium beginning,
foundation, fr. princeps, -cipis. See Prince.]

1. Beginning; commencement. [Obs.]
Doubting sad end of principle unsound. Spenser.

2. A source, or origin; that from which anything proceeds;
fundamental substance or energy; primordial substance; ultimate
element, or cause.

The soul of man is an active principle. Tillotson.

3. An original faculty or endowment.
Nature in your principles hath set [benignity]. Chaucer.
Those active principles whose direct and ultimate object is the
communication either of enjoyment or suffering. Stewart.

4. A fundamental truth; a comprehensive law or doctrine, from which
others are derived, or on which others are founded; a general truth;
an elementary proposition; a maxim; an axiom; a postulate.
Therefore, leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us
go on unto perfection. Heb. vi. 1.
A good principle, not rightly understood, may prove as hurtful as a
bad. Milton.

5. A settled rule of action; a governing law of conduct; an opinion
or belief which exercises a directing influence on the life and
behavior; a rule (usually, a right rule) of conduct consistently
directing one's actions; as, a person of no principle.
All kinds of dishonesty destroy our pretenses to an honest principle
of mind. Law.

6. (Chem.)

Defn: Any original inherent constituent which characterizes a
substance, or gives it its essential properties, and which can
usually be separated by analysis; -- applied especially to drugs,
plant extracts, etc.
Cathartine is the bitter, purgative principle of senna. Gregory.
Bitter principle, Principle of contradiction, etc. See under Bitter,
Contradiction, etc.

PRINCIPLE
Prin"ci*ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Principled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Principling.]

Defn: To equip with principles; to establish, or fix, in certain
principles; to impress with any tenet, or rule of conduct, good or
ill.
Governors should be well principled. L'Estrange.
Let an enthusiast be principled that he or his teacher is inspired.
Locke.

PRINCOCK; PRINCOX
Prin"cock, Prin"cox, n. Etym: [Prim + cock.]

Defn: A coxcomb; a pert boy. [Obs.]

PRINK
Prink, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prinked; p. pr. & vb. n. Prinking.] Etym:
[Probably a nasalized form of prick. See Prick, v. t., and cf. Prig,
Prank.]

Defn: To dress or adjust one's self for show; to prank.

PRINK
Prink, v. t.

Defn: To prank or dress up; to deck fantastically. "And prink their
hair with daisies." Cowper.

PRINKER
Prink"er, n.

Defn: One who prinks.

PRINPRIDDLE
Prin"prid`dle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The longtailed titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

PRINT
Print, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Printed; p. pr. & vb. n. Printing.] Etym:
[Abbrev. fr. imprint. See Imprint, and Press to squeeze.]

1. To fix or impress, as a stamp, mark, character, idea, etc., into
or upon something.
A look will print a thought that never may remove. Surrey.
Upon his breastplate he beholds a dint, Which in that field young
Edward's sword did print. Sir John Beaumont.
Perhaps some footsteps printed in the clay. Roscommon.

2. To stamp something in or upon; to make an impression or mark upon
by pressure, or as by pressure.
Forth on his fiery steed betimes he rode, That scarcely prints the
turf on which he trod. Dryden.

3. Specifically:

Defn: To strike off an impression or impressions of, from type, or
from stereotype, electrotype, or engraved plates, or the like; in a
wider sense, to do the typesetting, presswork, etc., of (a book or
other publication); as, to print books, newspapers, pictures; to
print an edition of a book.

4. To stamp or impress with colored figures or patterns; as, to print
calico.

5. (Photog.)

Defn: To take (a copy, a positive picture, etc.), from a negative, a
transparent drawing, or the like, by the action of light upon a
sensitized surface. Printed goods, textile fabrics printed in
patterns, especially cotton cloths, or calicoes.

PRINT
Print, v. i.

1. To use or practice the art of typography; to take impressions of
letters, figures, or electrotypes, engraved plates, or the like.

2. To publish a book or an article.
From the moment he prints, he must except to hear no more truth.
Pope.

PRINT
Print, n. Etym: [See Print, v., Imprint, n.]

1. A mark made by impression; a line, character, figure, or
indentation, made by the pressure of one thing on another; as, the
print of teeth or nails in flesh; the print of the foot in sand or
snow.
Where print of human feet was never seen. Dryden.

2. A stamp or die for molding or impressing an ornamental design upon
an object; as, a butter print.

3. That which receives an impression, as from a stamp or mold; as, a
print of butter.

4. Printed letters; the impression taken from type, as to excellence,
form, size, etc.; as, small print; large print; this line is in
print.

5. That which is produced by printing. Specifically:
(a) An impression taken from anything, as from an engraved plate.
"The prints which we see of antiquities." Dryden.
(b) A printed publication, more especially a newspaper or other
periodical. Addison.
(c) A printed cloth; a fabric figured by stamping, especially calico
or cotton cloth.
(d) A photographic copy, or positive picture, on prepared paper, as
from a negative, or from a drawing on transparent paper.

6. (Founding)

Defn: A core print. See under Core. Blue print, a copy in white lines
on a blue ground, of a drawing, plan, tracing, etc., or a positive
picture in blue and white, from a negative, produced by photographic
printing on peculiarly prepared paper.blueprint for action -- In
print. (a) In a printed form; issued from the press; published. Shak.
(b) To the letter; with accurateness. "All this I speak in print."
Shak.
 -- Out of print. See under Out.
 -- Print works, a factory where cloth, as calico, is printed.

PRINTA-BLE
Print"a-ble, a.

Defn: Worthy to be published. [R.]

PRINTER
Print"er, n.

Defn: One who prints; especially, one who prints books, newspapers,
engravings, etc., a compositor; a typesetter; a pressman. Printer's
devil, Printer's gauge. See under Devil, and Gauge.
 -- Printer's ink. See Printing ink, below.

PRINTERY
Print"er*y, n.

Defn: A place where cloth is printed; print works; also, a printing
office. [R.]

PRINTING
Print"ing, n.

Defn: The act, art, or practice of impressing letters, characters, or
figures on paper, cloth, or other material; the business of a
printer, including typesetting and presswork, with their adjuncts;
typography; also, the act of producing photographic prints. Block
printing. See under Block.
 -- Printing frame (Photog.), a shallow box, usually having a glass
front, in which prints are made by exposure to light.
 -- Printing house, a printing office.
 -- Printing ink, ink used in printing books, newspapers, etc. It is
composed of lampblack or ivory black mingled with linseed or nut oil,
made thick by boiling and burning. Other ingredients are employed for
the finer qualities. Ure.
 -- Printing office, a place where books, pamphlets, or newspapers,
etc., are printed.
 -- Printing paper, paper used in the printing of books, pamphlets,
newspapers, and the like, as distinguished from writing paper,
wrapping paper, etc.
 -- Printing press, a press for printing, books, newspaper,
handbills, etc.
 -- Printing wheel, a wheel with letters or figures on its periphery,
used in machines for paging or numbering, or in ticket-printing
machines, typewriters, etc.; a type wheel.

PRINTING IN
Print"ing in. (Photog.)

Defn: A process by which cloud effects or other features not in the
original negative are introduced into a photograph. Portions, such as
the sky, are covered while printing and the blank space thus reserved
is filled in by printing from another negative.

PRINTING OUT
Printing out. (Photog.)

Defn: A method of printing, in which the image is fully brought out
by the direct actinic action of light without subsequent development
by means of chemicals.

PRINTLESS
Print"less, a.

Defn: Making no imprint. Milton.

PRINTLESS
Print"less, a.

Defn: Making no imprint. Milton.

PRINTSHOP
Print"shop`, n.

Defn: A shop where prints are sold.

PRIOR
Pri"or, a. Etym: [L. prior former, previous, better, superior;
compar. corresponding to primus first, and pro for. See Former, and
cf. Prime, a., and Pre-, Pro-.]

Defn: Preceding in the order of time; former; antecedent; anterior;
previous; as, a prior discovery; prior obligation; -- used
elliptically in cases like the following: he lived alone [in the
time] prior to his marriage.

PRIOR
Pri"or, n. Etym: [OE. priour, OF. priour, prior, priur, F. prieur,
from L. prior former, superior. See Prior, a.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The superior of a priory, and next below an abbot in dignity.
Conventical, or Conventual, prior, a prior who is at the head of his
own house. See the Note under Priory.
 -- Claustral prior, an official next in rank to the abbot in a
monastery; prior of the cloisters.

PRIORATE
Pri"or*ate, n. Etym: [LL. prioratus: cf. F. priorat.]

Defn: The dignity, office, or government, of a prior. T. Warton.

PRIORESS
Pri"or*ess, n. Etym: [OF. prioresse.]

Defn: A lady superior of a priory of nuns, and next in dignity to an
abbess.

PRIORITY
Pri*or"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. priorité. See Prior, a.]

1. The quality or state of being prior or antecedent in time, or of
preceding something else; as, priority of application.

2. Precedence; superior rank. Shak. Priority of debts, a superior
claim to payment, or a claim to payment before others.

Syn.
 -- Antecedence; precedence; preëminence.

PRIORLY
Pri"or*ly, adv.

Defn: Previously. [R.] Geddes.

PRIORSHIP
Pri"or*ship, n.

Defn: The state or office of prior; priorate.

PRIORY
Pri"o*ry, n.; pl. Priories. Etym: [Cf. LL. prioria. See Prior, n.]

Defn: A religious house presided over by a prior or prioress; --
sometimes an offshoot of, an subordinate to, an abbey, and called
also cell, and obedience. See Cell, 2.

Note: Of such houses there were two sorts: one where the prior was
chosen by the inmates, and governed as independently as an abbot in
an abbey; the other where the priory was subordinate to an abbey, and
the prior was placed or displaced at the will of the abbot. Alien
priory, a small religious house dependent on a large monastery in
some other country.

Syn.
 -- See Cloister.

PRIS
Pris, n.

Defn: See Price, and 1st Prize. [Obs.]

PRISAGE
Pris"age (; 48), n. Etym: [OF. prisage a praising, valuing, taxing;
cf. LL. prisagium prisage; or from F. prise a taking, capture, prize.
See Prize.] (O. Eng. Law)
(a) A right belonging to the crown of England, of taking two tuns of
wine from every ship importing twenty tuns or more, -- one before and
one behind the mast. By charter of Edward I. butlerage was
substituted for this. Blackstone.
(b) The share of merchandise taken as lawful prize at sea which
belongs to the king or admiral.

PRISCILLIANIST
Pris*cil"lian*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Priscillian, bishop of Avila in Spain, in the
fourth century, who mixed various elements of Gnosticism and
Manicheism with Christianity.

PRISE
Prise, n.

Defn: An enterprise. [Obs.] Spenser.

PRISE
Prise, n. & v.

Defn: See Prize, n., 5. Also Prize, v. t.

PRISER
Pris"er, n.

Defn: See 1st Prizer. [Obs.]

PRISM
Prism, n. Etym: [L. prisma, Gr. prisme.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A solid whose bases or ends are any similar, equal, and
parallel plane figures, and whose sides are parallelograms.

Note: Prisms of different forms are often named from the figure of
their bases; as, a triangular prism, a quadrangular prism, a rhombic
prism, etc.

2. (Opt.)

Defn: A transparent body, with usually three rectangular plane faces
or sides, and two equal and parallel triangular ends or bases; --
used in experiments on refraction, dispersion, etc.

3. (Crystallog.)

Defn: A form the planes of which are parallel to the vertical axis.
See Form, n., 13. Achromatic prism (Opt.), a prism composed usually
of two prisms of different transparent substances which have unequal
dispersive powers, as two different kinds of glass, especially flint
glass and crown glass, the difference of dispersive power being
compensated by giving them different refracting angles, so that, when
placed together so as to have opposite relative positions, a ray of
light passed through them is refracted or bent into a new position,
but is free from color.
 -- Nicol's prism, Nicol prism. Etym: [So called from Wm. Nicol, of
Edinburgh, who first proposed it.] (Opt.) An instrument for
experiments in polarization, consisting of a rhomb of Iceland spar,
which has been bisected obliquely at a certain angle, and the two
parts again joined with transparent cement, so that the ordinary
image produced by double refraction is thrown out of the field by
total reflection from the internal cemented surface, and the
extraordinary, or polarized, image alone is transmitted.

PRISMATIC; PRISMATICAL
Pris*mat"ic, Pris*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. prismatique.]

1. Resembling, or pertaining to, a prism; as, a prismatic form or
cleavage.

2. Separated or distributed by a prism; formed by a prism; as,
prismatic colors.

3. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Same as Orthorhombic. Prismatic borax (Chem.), borax
crystallized in the form of oblique prisms, with ten molecules of
water; -- distinguished from octahedral borax.
 -- Prismatic colors (Opt.), the seven colors into which light is
resolved when passed through a prism; primary colors. See Primary
colors, under Color.
 -- Prismatic compass (Surv.), a compass having a prism for viewing a
distant object and the compass card at the same time.
 -- Prismatic spectrum (Opt.), the spectrum produced by the passage
of light through a prism.

PRISMATICALLY
Pris*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the form on manner of a prism; by means of a prism.

PRISMATOIDAL
Pris`ma*toid"al, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid: F. prismatoïde.]

Defn: Having a prismlike form. Ure.

PRISM GLASS
Prism glass.

Defn: Glass with one side smooth and the other side formed into
sharp-edged ridges so as to reflect the light that passes through,
used at windows to throw the light into the interior.

PRISMOID
Pris"moid, n. Etym: [Cf. F. prismtoïde.]

Defn: A body that approaches to the form of a prism.

PRISMOIDAL
Pris*moid"al, a.

Defn: Having the form of a prismoid; as, prismoidal solids.

PRISMY
Pris"my, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a prism. [R.]

PRISON
Pris"on, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. prehensio, prensio, a seizing,
arresting, fr. prehendre, prendere, to lay hold of, to seize. See
Prehensile, and cf. Prize, n., Misprision.]

1. A place where persons are confined, or restrained of personal
liberty; hence, a place or state o
Bring my soul out of prison, that I may praise thy name. Ps. cxlii.
7.
The tyrant Æolus, . . . With power imperial, curbs the struggling
winds, And sounding tempests in dark prisons binds. Dryden.

2. Specifically, a building for the safe custody or confinement of
criminals and others committed by lawful authority. Prison bars, or
Prison base. See Base, n., 24.
 -- Prison breach. (Law) See Note under 3d Escape, n., 4.
 -- Prison house, a prison. Shak.
 -- Prison ship (Naut.), a ship fitted up for the confinement of
prisoners.
 -- Prison van, a carriage in which prisoners are conveyed to and
from prison.

PRISON
Pris"on, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prisoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Prisoning.]

1. To imprison; to shut up in, or as in, a prison; to confine; to
restrain from liberty.
The prisoned eagle dies for rage. Sir W. Scott.
His true respect will prison false desire. Shak.

2. To bind (together); to enchain. [Obs.]
Sir William Crispyn with the duke was led Together prisoned. Robert
of Brunne.

PRISONER
Pris"on*er, n. Etym: [F. prisonnier.]

1. One who is confined in a prison. Piers Plowman.

2. A person under arrest, or in custody, whether in prison or not; a
person held in involuntary restraint; a captive; as, a prisoner at
the bar of a court. Bouvier.
Prisoner of Hope thou art, -- look up and sing. Keble.
Prisoner's base. See Base, n., 24.

PRISONMENT
Pris"on*ment, n.

Defn: Imprisonment. [Obs.] Shak.

PRISTINATE
Pris"tin*ate, a.

Defn: Pristine; primitive. [Obs.] "Pristinate idolatry." Holinshed.

PRISTINE
Pris"tine, a. Etym: [L. pristinus, akin to prior: cf. F. pristin. See
Prior, a.]

Defn: Belonging to the earliest period or state; original; primitive;
primeval; as, the pristine state of innocence; the pristine manners
of a people; pristine vigor.

PRITCH
Pritch, n. Etym: [See Prick.]

1. A sharp-pointed instrument; also, an eelspear. [Prov. Eng.]

2. Pique; offense. [Obs.] D. Rogers.

PRITCHEL
Pritch"el, n.

Defn: A tool employed by blacksmiths for punching or enlarging the
nail holes in a horseshoe.

PRITHEE
Prith"ee, interj.

Defn: A corruption of pray thee; as, I prithee; generally used
without I. Shak.
What was that scream for, I prithee L'Estrange.
Prithee, tell me, Dimple-chin. E. C. Stedman.

PRITTLE-PRATTLE
Prit"tle-prat`tle, n. Etym: [See Prattle.]

Defn: Empty talk; trifling loquacity; prattle; -- used in contempt or
ridicule. [Colloq.] Abp. Bramhall.

PRIVACY
Pri"va*cy, n.; pl. Privacies. Etym: [See Private.]

1. The state of being in retirement from the company or observation
of others; seclusion.

2. A place of seclusion from company or observation; retreat;
solitude; retirement.
Her sacred privacies all open lie. Rowe.

3. Concealment of what is said or done. Shak.

4. A private matter; a secret. Fuller.

5. See Privity, 2. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

PRIVADO
Pri*va"do, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. L. privatus. See Private.]

Defn: A private friend; a confidential friend; a confidant. [Obs.]
Fuller.

PRIVATDOCENT
Pri*vat"do*cent`, n.; G. pl. -docenten (#). [Also Privatdozent.] [G.;
privat private + docent teacher. See Docent.]

Defn: In the universities of Germany and some other European
countries, a licensed teacher or lecturer having no share in the
university government and dependent upon fees for remuneration.

PRIVATE
Pri"vate (; 48), a. Etym: [L. privatus apart from the state, peculiar
to an individual, private, properly p. p. of privare to bereave,
deprive, originally, to separate, fr. privus single, private, perhaps
originally, put forward (hence, alone, single) and akin to prae
before. See Prior, a., and cf. Deprive, Privy, a.]

1. Belonging to, or concerning, an individual person, company, or
interest; peculiar to one's self; unconnected with others; personal;
one's own; not public; not general; separate; as, a man's private
opinion; private property; a private purse; private expenses or
interests; a private secretary.

2. Sequestered from company or observation; appropriated to an
individual; secret; secluded; lonely; solitary; as, a private room or
apartment; private prayer.
Reason . . . then retires Into her private cell when nature rests.
Milton.

3. Not invested with, or engaged in, public office or employment; as,
a private citizen; private life. Shak.
A private person may arrest a felon. Blackstone.

4. Not publicly known; not open; secret; as, a private negotiation; a
private understanding.

5. Having secret or private knowledge; privy. [Obs.] Private act or
statute, a statute exclusively for the settlement of private and
personal interests, of which courts do not take judicial notice; --
opposed to a general law, which operates on the whole community.
 -- Private nuisance or wrong. See Nuisance.
 -- Private soldier. See Private, n., 5.
 -- Private way, a right of private passage over another man's
ground. Kent.

PRIVATE
Pri"vate, n.

1. A secret message; a personal unofficial communication. [Obs.]
Shak.

2. Personal interest; particular business.[Obs.]
Nor must I be unmindful of my private. B. Jonson.

3. Privacy; retirement. [Archaic] "Go off; I discard you; let me
enjoy my private." Shak.

4. One not invested with a public office. [Archaic]
What have kings, that privates have not too Shak.

5. (Mil.)

Defn: A common soldier; a soldier below the grade of a
noncommissioned officer. Macaulay.

6. pl.

Defn: The private parts; the genitals. In private, secretly; not
openly or publicly.

PRIVATEER
Pri`va*teer" n. Etym: [From Private.]

1. An armed private vessel which bears the commission of the
sovereign power to cruise against the enemy. See Letters of marque,
under Marque.

2. The commander of a privateer.
Kidd soon threw off the character of a privateer and became a pirate.
Macaulay.

PRIVATEER
Pri`va*teer", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Privateered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Privateering.]

Defn: To cruise in a privateer.

PRIVATEERING
Pri`va*teer"ing, n.

Defn: Cruising in a privateer.

PRIVATEERSMAN
Pri`va*teers"man, n.; pl. Privateersmen (.

Defn: An officer or seaman of a privateer.

PRIVATELY
Pri"vate*ly, adv.

1. In a private manner; not openly; without the presence of others.

2. In a manner affecting an individual; personally not officially;
as, he is not privately benefited.

PRIVATENESS
Pri"vate*ness, n.

1. Seclusion from company or society; retirement; privacy; secrecy.
Bacon.

2. The state of one not invested with public office.

PRIVATION
Pri*va"tion n. Etym: [L. privatio: cf. F. privation. See Private.]

1. The act of depriving, or taking away; hence, the depriving of rank
or office; degradation in rank; deprivation. Bacon.

2. The state of being deprived or destitute of something, especially
of something required or desired; destitution; need; as, to undergo
severe privations.

3. The condition of being absent; absence; negation.
Evil will be known by consequence, as being only a privation, or
absence, of good. South.
Privation mere of light and absent day. Milton.

PRIVATIVE
Priv"a*tive a. Etym: [L. privativus: cf. F. privatif. See Private.]

1. Causing privation; depriving.

2. Consisting in the absence of something; not positive; negative.
Privative blessings, blessings of immunity, safeguard, liberty, and
integrity. Jer. Taylor.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: Implying privation or negation; giving a negative force to a
word; as, alpha privative; privative particles; -- applied to such
prefixes and suffixes as a- (Gr. un-, non-, -less.

PRIVATIVE
Priv"a*tive, n.

1. That of which the essence is the absence of something.
Blackness and darkness are indeed but privatives. Bacon.

2. (Logic)

Defn: A term indicating the absence of any quality which might be
naturally or rationally expected; -- called also privative term.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: A privative prefix or suffix. See Privative, a., 3.

PRIVATIVELY
Priv"a*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a privative manner; by the absence of something; negatively.
[R.] Hammond.

PRIVATIVENESS
Priv"a*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being privative.

PRIVET
Priv"et, n. Etym: [Cf. Scot. privie, Prov. E. prim-print, primwort.
Prob. for primet, and perh. named from being cut and trimmed. See,
Prim, a., and cf. Prime to prune, Prim, n., Prie, n.] (Bot.)

Defn: An ornamental European shrub (Ligustrum vulgare), much used in
hedges; -- called also prim. Egyptian privet. See Lawsonia.
 -- Evergreen privet, a plant of the genus Rhamnus. See Alatern.
 -- Mock privet, any one of several evergreen shrubs of the genus
Phillyrea. They are from the Mediterranean region, and have been much
cultivated for hedges and for fancifully clipped shrubberies.

PRIVILEGE
Priv"i*lege, n. Etym: [F. privilège, L. privilegium an ordinance or
law against or in favor of an individual; privus private + lex,
legis, law. See Private, and Legal.]

1. A peculiar benefit, advantage, or favor; a right or immunity not
enjoyed by others or by all; special enjoyment of a good, or
exemption from an evil or burden; a prerogative; advantage;
franchise.
He pleads the legal privilege of a Roman. Kettlewell.
The privilege birthright was a double portion. Locke.
A people inheriting privileges, franchises, and liberties. Burke.

2. (Stockbroker's Cant)

Defn: See Call, Put, Spread, etc. Breach of privilege. See under
Breach.
 -- Question of privilege (Parliamentary practice), a question which
concerns the security of a member of a legislative body in his
special privileges as such.
 -- Water privilege, the advantage of having machinery driven by a
stream, or a place affording such advantage. [ U. S.] -- Writ of
privilege (Law), a writ to deliver a privileged person from custody
when arrested in a civil suit. Blackstone.

Syn.
 -- Prerogative; immunity; franchise; right; claim; liberty.
 -- Privilege, Prerogative. Privilege, among the Romans, was
something conferred upon an individual by a private law; and hence,
it denotes some peculiar benefit or advantage, some right or
immunity, not enjoyed by the world at large. Prerogative, among the
Romans, was the right of voting first; and, hence, it denotes a right
of precedence, or of doing certain acts, or enjoying certain
privileges, to the exclusion of others. It is the privilege of a
member of Congress not to be called in question elsewhere for words
uttered in debate. It is the prerogative of the president to nominate
judges and executive officers. It is the privilege of a Christian
child to be instructed in the true religion. It is the prerogative of
a parent to govern and direct his children.

PRIVILEGE
Priv"i*lege, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Privileged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Privileging.] Etym: [Cf. F. privilégier.]

1. To grant some particular right or exemption to; to invest with a
peculiar right or immunity; to authorize; as, to privilege
representatives from arrest.
To privilege dishonor in thy name. Shak.

2. To bring or put into a condition of privilege or exemption from
evil or danger; to exempt; to deliver.
He took this place for sanctuary, And it shall privilege him from
your hands. Shak.

PRIVILEGED
Priv"i*leged, a.

Defn: Invested with a privilege; enjoying a peculiar right,
advantage, or immunity. Privileged communication. (Law) (a) A
communication which can not be disclosed without the consent of the
party making it, -- such as those made by a client to his legal
adviser, or by persons to their religious or medical advisers. (b) A
communication which does not expose the party making it to indictment
for libel, -- such as those made by persons communicating
confidentially with a government, persons consulted confidentially as
to the character of servants, etc.
 -- Privileged debts (Law), those to which a preference in payment is
given out of the estate of a deceased person, or out of the estate of
an insolvent. Wharton. Burrill.
 -- Privileged witnesses (Law) witnesses who are not obliged to
testify as to certain things, as lawyers in relation to their
dealings with their clients, and officers of state as to state
secrets; also, by statute, clergymen and physicans are placed in the
same category, so far as concerns information received by them
professionally.

PRIVILY
Priv"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a privy manner; privately; secretly. Chaucer. 2 Pet. ii. 1.

PRIVITY
Priv"i*ty, n.; pl. Privities (-tîz). Etym: [From Privy, a.: cf. F.
privauté extreme familiarity.]

1. Privacy; secrecy; confidence. Chaucer.
I will unto you, in privity, discover . . . my purpose. Spenser.

2. Private knowledge; joint knowledge with another of a private
concern; cognizance implying consent or concurrence.
All the doors were laid open for his departure, not without the
privity of the Prince of Orange. Swift.

3. A private matter or business; a secret. Chaucer.

4. pl.

Defn: The genitals; the privates.

5. (Law)

Defn: A connection, or bond of union, between parties, as to some
particular transaction; mutual or successive relationship to the same
rights of property.

PRIVY
Priv"y, a. Etym: [F. privé, fr. L. privatus. See Private.]

1. Of or pertaining to some person exclusively; assigned to private
uses; not public; private; as, the privy purse. " Privee knights and
squires." Chaucer.

2. Secret; clandestine. " A privee thief." Chaucer.

3. Appropriated to retirement; private; not open to the public. "
Privy chambers." Ezek. xxi. 14.

4. Admitted to knowledge of a secret transaction; secretly cognizant;
privately knowing.
His wife also being privy to it. Acts v. 2.
Myself am one made privy to the plot. Shak.
Privy chamber, a private apartment in a royal residence. [Eng.] --
Privy council (Eng. Law), the principal council of the sovereign,
composed of the cabinet ministers and other persons chosen by the
king or queen. Burrill.
 -- Privy councilor, a member of the privy council.
 -- Privy purse, moneys set apart for the personal use of the
monarch; also, the title of the person having charge of these moneys.
[Eng.] Macaulay.
 -- Privy seal or signed, the seal which the king uses in grants,
etc., which are to pass the great seal, or which the uses in matters
of subordinate consequence which do not require the great seal; also,
elliptically, the principal secretary of state, or person intrusted
with the privy seal. [Eng.] -- Privy verdict, a verdict given privily
to the judge out of court; -- now disused. Burrill.

PRIVY
Priv"y, n.; pl. Privies (.

1. (Law)

Defn: A partaker; a person having an interest in any action or thing;
one who has an interest in an estate created by another; a person
having an interest derived from a contract or conveyance to which he
is not himself a party. The term, in its proper sense, is
distinguished from party. Burrill. Wharton.

2. A necessary house or place; a backhouse.

PRIZABLE
Priz"a*ble, a.

Defn: Valuable. H. Taylor.

PRIZE
Prize, n. Etym: [F. prise a seizing, hold, grasp, fr. pris, p. p. of
prendre to take, L. prendere, prehendere; in some senses, as 2 (b),
either from, or influenced by, F. prix price. See Prison, Prehensile,
and cf. Pry, and also Price.]

1. That which is taken from another; something captured; a thing
seized by force, stratagem, or superior power.
I will depart my pris, or may prey, by deliberation. Chaucer.
His own prize, Whom formerly he had in battle won. Spenser.

2. Hence, specifically;
(a) (Law) Anything captured by a belligerent using the rights of war;
esp., property captured at sea in virtue of the rights of war, as a
vessel. Kent. Brande & C.
(b) An honor or reward striven for in a competitive contest; anything
offered to be competed for, or as an inducement to, or reward of,
effort.
I'll never wrestle for prize more. Shak.
I fought and conquered, yet have lost the prize. Dryden.

(c) That which may be won by chance, as in a lottery.

3. Anything worth striving for; a valuable possession held or in
prospect.
I press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in
Christ Jesus. Phil. iii. 14.

4. A contest for a reward; competition. [Obs.] Shak.

5. A lever; a pry; also, the hold of a lever. [Written also prise.]
Prize court, a court having jurisdiction of all captures made in war
on the high seas. Bouvier.
 -- Prize fight, an exhibition contest, esp. one of pugilists, for a
stake or wager.
 -- Prize fighter, one who fights publicly for a reward; -- applied
esp. to a professional boxer or pugilist. Pope.
 -- Prize fighting, fighting, especially boxing, in public for a
reward or wager.
 -- Prize master, an officer put in charge or command of a captured
vessel.
 -- Prize medal, a medal given as a prize.
 -- Prize money, a dividend from the proceeds of a captured vessel,
etc., paid to the captors.
 -- Prize ring, the ring or inclosure for a prize fight; the system
and practice of prize fighting.
 -- To make prize of, to capture. Hawthorne.

PRIZE
Prize, v. t.

Defn: To move with a lever; to force up or open; to pry. [Written
also prise.]

PRIZE
Prize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prized; p. pr. & vb. n. Prizing.] Etym:
[F. priser, OF. prisier, preisier, fr. L. pretiare, fr. pretium
worth, value, price. See Price, and cf. Praise.] [Formerly written
also prise. ]

1. To set or estimate the value of; to appraise; to price; to rate.
A goodly price that I was prized at. Zech. xi. 13.
I prize it [life] not a straw, but for mine honor. Shak.

2. To value highly; to estimate to be of great worth; to esteem. "[I]
do love, prize, honor you. " Shak.
I prized your person, but your crown disdain. Dryden.

PRIZE
Prize, n. Etym: [F. prix price. See 3d Prize. ]

Defn: Estimation; valuation. [Obs.] Shak.

PRIZEMAN
Prize"man, n.; pl. Prizemen (.

Defn: The winner of a prize.

PRIZER
Priz"er, n. Etym: [See 3d Prize.]

Defn: One who estimates or sets the value of a thing; an appraiser.
Shak.

PRIZER
Priz"er, n. Etym: [See 1st Prize.]

Defn: One who contends for a prize; a prize fighter; a challenger.
[Obs.] Shak.
Appeareth no man yet to answer the prizer. B. Jonson.

PRIZING
Priz"ing, n. Etym: [See 2d Prize.]

Defn: The application of a lever to move any weighty body, as a cask,
anchor, cannon, car, etc. See Prize, n., 5.

PRO-
Pro-. Etym: [L. pro, or Gr. Pro.]

Defn: A prefix signifying before, in front, forth, for, in behalf of,
in place of, according to; as, propose, to place before; proceed, to
go before or forward; project, to throw forward; prologue, part
spoken before (the main piece); propel, prognathous; provide, to look
out for; pronoun, a word instead of a noun; proconsul, a person
acting in place of a consul; proportion, arrangement according to
parts.

PRO
Pro, prep. Etym: [L.; akin to prae before, Gr. for. See For, prep.,
and cf. Prior, a.]

Defn: A Latin preposition signifying for, before, forth. Pro confesso
Etym: [L.] (Law), taken as confessed. The action of a court of equity
on that portion of the pleading in a particular case which the
pleading on the other side does not deny.
 -- Pro rata. Etym: [L. See Prorate.] In proportion; proportion.
 -- Pro re nata Etym: [L.] (Law), for the existing occasion; as
matters are.

PRO
Pro, adv.

Defn: For, on, or in behalf of, the affirmative side; -- in contrast
with Ant: con. Pro and con, for and against, on the affirmative and
on the negative side; as, they debated the question pro and con; --
formerly used also as a verb.
 -- Pros and cons, the arguments or reasons on either side.

PROA
Pro"a, n. Etym: [Malay praah.] (Naut.)

Defn: A sailing canoe of the Ladrone Islands and Malay Archipelago,
having its lee side flat and its weather side like that of an
ordinary boat. The ends are alike. The canoe is long and narrow, and
is kept from overturning by a cigar-shaped log attached to a frame
extending several feet to windward. It has been called the flying
proa, and is the swiftest sailing craft known.

PROACH
Proach, v. i.

Defn: See Approach. [Obs.]

PROATLAS
Pro*at"las, n. Etym: [Pref. pro- + atlas.] (Anat.)

Defn: A vertebral rudiment in front of the atlas in some reptiles.

PROBABILIORISM
Prob`a*bil"i*o*rism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of the probabiliorists.

PROBABILIORIST
Prob`a*bil"i*o*rist, n. Etym: [From L. probabilior, compar. of
probabilis probable.] (Casuistry)

Defn: One who holds, in opposition to the probabilists, that a man is
bound to do that which is most probably right.

PROBABILISM
Prob"a*bil*ism n. Etym: [Cf. F. probabilisme.]

Defn: The doctrine of the probabilists.

PROBABILIST
Prob"a*bil*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. probabilists.]

1. One who maintains that certainty is impossible, and that
probability alone is to govern our faith and actions.

2. (Casuistry)

Defn: One who maintains that a man may do that which has a
probability of being right, or which is inculcated by teachers of
authority, although other opinions may seem to him still more
probable.

PROBABILITY
Prob`a*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Probabilities. Etym: [L. probabilitas: cf.
F. probabilité.]

1. The quality or state of being probable; appearance of reality or
truth; reasonable ground of presumption; likelihood.
Probability is the appearance of the agreement or disagreement of two
ideas, by the intervention of proofs whose connection is not
constant, but appears for the most part to be so. Locke.

2. That which is or appears probable; anything that has the
appearance of reality or truth.
The whole life of man is a perpetual comparison of evidence and
balancing of probabilities. Buckminster.
We do not call for evidence till antecedent probabilities fail. J. H.
Newman.

3. (Math.)

Defn: Likelihood of the occurrence of any event in the doctrine of
chances, or the ratio of the number of favorable chances to the whole
number of chances, favorable and unfavorable. See 1st Chance, n., 5.

Syn.
 -- Likeliness; credibleness; likelihood; chance.

PROBABLE
Prob"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. probabilis, fr. probare to try, approve,
prove: cf. F. probable. See Prove, and cf. Provable.]

1. Capable of being proved. [Obs.]

2. Having more evidence for than against; supported by evidence which
inclines the mind to believe, but leaves some room for doubt; likely.
That is accounted probable which has better arguments producible for
it than can be brought against it. South.
I do not say that the principles of religion are merely probable; I
have before asserted them to be morally certain. Bp. Wilkins.

3. Rendering probable; supporting, or giving ground for, belief, but
not demonstrating; as, probable evidence; probable presumption.
Blackstone. Probable cause (Law), a reasonable ground of presumption
that a charge is, or my be, well founded.
 -- Probable error (of an observation, or of the mean of a number),
that within which, taken positively and negatively, there is an even
chance that the real error shall lie. Thus, if 3" is the probable
error in a given case, the chances that the real error is greater
than 3" are equal to the chances that it is less. The probable error
is computed from the observations made, and is used to express their
degree of accuracy.
 -- The probable, that which is within the bounds of probability;
that which is not unnatural or preternatural; -- opposed to the
marvelous.

PROBABLY
Prob"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a probable manner; in likelihood.
Distinguish between what may possibly and what will probably be done.
L'Estrange.

PROBACY
Pro"ba*cy, n. Etym: [See Probate.]

Defn: Proof; trial. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PROBAL
Pro"bal, a.

Defn: Approved; probable. [Obs.] Shak.

PROBALITY
Pro*bal"i*ty, n.

Defn: Probability. [Obs.] "With as great probality." Holland.

PROBANG
Pro"bang, n. Etym: [See Probe.]

Defn: A slender elastic rod, as of whalebone, with a sponge on the
end, for removing obstructions from the esophagus, etc.

PROBATE
Pro"bate, n. Etym: [From L. probatus, p. p. of probare to prove. See
Prove.]

1. Proof. [Obs.] Skelton.

2. (Law)
(a) Official proof; especially, the proof before a competent officer
or tribunal that an instrument offered, purporting to be the last
will and testament of a person deceased, is indeed his lawful act;
the copy of a will proved, under the seal of the Court of Probate,
delivered to the executors with a certificate of its having been
proved. Bouvier. Burrill.
(b) The right or jurisdiction of proving wills.

PROBATE
Pro"bate, a.

Defn: Of or belonging to a probate, or court of probate; as, a
probate record. Probate Court, or Court of Probate, a court for the
probate of wills.
 -- Probate duty, a government tax on property passing by will.
[Eng.]

PROBATE
Pro"bate v. t.

Defn: To obtain the official approval of, as of an instrument
purporting to be the last will and testament; as, the executor has
probated the will.

PROBATION
Pro*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. probatio, fr. probare to try, examine,
prove: cf. F. probation. See Prove.]

1. The act of proving; also, that which proves anything; proof.
[Obs.]
When by miracle God dispensed great gifts to the laity, . . . he gave
probation that he intended that all should prophesy and preach. Jer.
Taylor.

2. Any proceeding designed to ascertain truth, to determine
character, qualification, etc.; examination; trial; as, to engage a
person on probation. Hence, specifically: (a) The novitiate which a
person must pass in a convent, to probe his or her virtue and ability
to bear the severities of the rule. (b) The trial of a ministerial
candidate's qualifications prior to his ordination, or to his
settlement as a pastor. (c) Moral trial; the state of man in the
present life, in which he has the opportunity of proving his
character, and becoming qualified for a happier state.
No [view of human life] seems so reasonable as that which regards it
as a state of probation. Paley.

PROBATIONAL
Pro*ba"tion*al, a.

Defn: Probationary.

PROBATIONARY
Pro*ba"tion*a*ry a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to probation; serving for trial.
To consider this life . . . as a probationary state. Paley.

PROBATIONER
Pro*ba"tion*er, n.

1. One who is undergoing probation; one who is on trial; a novice.
While yet a young probationer, And candidate of heaven. Dryden.

2. A student in divinity, who, having received certificates of good
morals and qualifications from his university, is admitted to several
trials by a presbytery, and, on acquitting himself well, is licensed
to preach. [Scot.]

PROBATIONERSHIP
Pro*ba"tion*er*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a probationer; novitiate. Locke.

PROBATIONSHIP
Pro*ba"tion*ship, n.

Defn: A state of probation.

PROBATIVE
Pro"ba*tive, a. Etym: [L. probativus: cf. F.probatif.]

Defn: Serving for trial or proof; probationary; as, probative
judgments; probative evidence. South.

PROBATOR
Pro*ba"tor n. Etym: [L.]

1. An examiner; an approver. Maydman.

2. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: One who, when indicted for crime, confessed it, and accused
others, his accomplices, in order to obtain pardon; a state's
evidence.

PROBATORY
Pro"ba*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. probatoire.]

1. Serving for trial; probationary. Abp. Bramhall.

2. Pertaining to, or serving for, proof. Jer. Taylor. Probatory term
(Law), a time for taking testimony.

PROBE
Probe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Probed; p. pr. & vb. n. Probing.] Etym:
[L. probare to try, examine. See Prove.]

1. To examine, as a wound, an ulcer, or some cavity of the body, with
a probe.

2. Fig.: to search to the bottom; to scrutinize or examine
thoroughly. Dryden.
The growing disposition to probe the legality of all acts, of the
crown. Hallam.

PROBE
Probe, n. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for examining the depth or other circumstances of
a wound, ulcer, or cavity, or the direction of a sinus, of for
exploring for bullets, for stones in the bladder, etc. Parr. Probe,
or Probe-pointed, scissors (Surg.), scissors used to open wounds, the
blade of which, to be thrust into the orifice, has a button at the
end. Wiseman.

PROBEAGLE
Pro"bea`gle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Porbeagle.

PROBE-POINTED
Probe"-point`ed, a. (Surg.)

Defn: Having a blunt or button-shaped extremity; -- said of cutting
instruments.

PROBITY
Prob"i*ty, n. Etym: [F. probité, fr. L. probitas, fr. probus good,
proper, honest. Cf. Prove.]

Defn: Tried virtue or integrity; approved moral excellence; honesty;
rectitude; uprightness. "Probity of mind." Pope.

Syn.
 -- Probity, Integrity. Probity denotes unimpeachable honesty and
virtue, shown especially by the performance of those obligations,
called imperfect, which the laws of the state do not reach, and can
not enforce. Integrity denotes a whole-hearted honesty, and
especially that which excludes all injustice that might favor one's
self. It has a peculiar reference to uprightness in mutual dealings,
transfer of property, and the execution of trusts for others.

PROBLEM
Prob"lem, n. Etym: [F. problème, L. problema, fr. Gr. Parable. ]

1. A question proposed for solution; a matter stated for examination
or proof; hence, a matter difficult of solution or settlement; a
doubtful case; a question involving doubt. Bacon.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Anything which is required to be done; as, in geometry, to
bisect a line, to draw a perpendicular; or, in algebra, to find an
unknown quantity.

Note: Problem differs from theorem in this, that a problem is
something to be done, as to bisect a triangle, to describe a circle,
etc.; a theorem is something to be proved, as that all the angles of
a triangle are equal to two right angles. Plane problem (Geom.), a
problem that can be solved by the use of the rule and compass.
 -- Solid problem (Geom.), a problem requiring in its geometric
solution the use of a conic section or higher curve.

PROBLEMATIC; PROBLEMATICAL
Prob`lem*at"ic, Prob`lem*at"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. problematicus, Gr.
problématique.]

Defn: Having the nature of a problem; not shown in fact;
questionable; uncertain; unsettled; doubtful.
 -- Prob`lem*at"ic*al*ly, adv.
Diligent inquiries into remote and problematical guilt leave a gate
wide open to . . . informers. Swift.

PROBLEMATIST
Prob"lem*a*tist n.

Defn: One who proposes problems. [R.] Evelyn.

PROBLEMATIZE
Prob"lem*a*tize v. t.

Defn: To propose problems. [R.] "Hear him problematize." B. Jonson.

PROBOSCIDATE
Pro*bos"ci*date, a. Etym: [See Proboscis.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a proboscis; proboscidial.

PROBOSCIDEA
Pro`bos*cid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Proboscis.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of large mammal

PROBOSCIDEAN
Pro`bos*cid"e*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Proboscidian.

PROBOSCIDIAL
Pro`bos*cid"i*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Proboscidate.

PROBOSCIDIAN
Pro`bos*cid"i*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Proboscidea.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Proboscidea.

PROBOSCIDIFERA
Pro*bos`ci*dif"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Proboscis, and -ferous.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division of pectinibranchiate gastropods,
including those that have a long retractile proboscis, with the mouth
at the end, as the cones, whelks, tritons, and cowries. See Illust.
of Gastropoda, and of Winkle.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A subdivision of the tænioglossate gastropods, including the
fig-shells (Pyrula), the helmet shells (Cassis), the tritons, and
allied genera.

PROBOSCIDIFORM
Pro`bos*cid"i*form a.

Defn: Having the form or uses of a proboscis; as, a proboscidiform
mouth.

PROBOSCIS
Pro*bos"cis, n.; pl. Proboscides. Etym: [L. fr. Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hollow organ or tube attached to the head, or connected with
the mouth, of various animals, and generally used in taking food or
drink; a snout; a trunk.

Note: The proboscis of an elephant is a flexible muscular elongation
of the nose. The proboscis of insects is usually a chitinous tube
formed by the modified maxillæ, or by the labium. See Illusts. of
Hemiptera and Lepidoptera.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: By extension, applied to various tubelike mouth organs of the
lower animals that can be everted or protruded.

Note: The proboscis of annelids and of mollusks is usually a portion
of the pharynx that can be everted or protruded. That of nemerteans
is a special long internal organ, not connected with the mouth, and
not used in feeding, but capable of being protruded from a pore in
the head. See Illust. in Appendix.

3. The nose. [Jocose] Proboscis monkey. (Zoöl.) See Kahau.

PROCACIOUS
Pro*ca"cious, a. Etym: [L. procax, -acis, fr. procare to ask,
demand.]

Defn: Pert; petulant; forward; saucy. [R.] Barrow.

PROCACITY
Pro*cac"i*ty n. Etym: [L. procacitas.]

Defn: Forwardness; pertness; petulance. [R.] Burton.

PROCAMBIUM
Pro*cam"bi*um n. Etym: [NL. See Pro-, and Cambium.] (Bot.)

Defn: The young tissue of a fibrovascular bundle before its component
cells have begun to be differentiated. Sachs.

PROCATARCTIC
Pro`cat*arc"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. procatarctique. ] (Med.)

Defn: Beginning; predisposing; exciting; initial. [Obs.]

Note: The words procatarctic causes have been used with different
significations. Thus they have been employed synonymously with prime
causes, exciting causes, and predisposing or remote causes.
The physician inquires into the procatarctic causes. Harvey.

PROCATARXIS
Pro`cat*arx"is, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The kindling of a disease into action; also, the procatarctic
cause. Quincy.

PROCEDENDO
Pro`ce*den"do, n. Etym: [Abl. of the gerundive of L. procedere. see
Proceed.] (Law)
(a) A writ by which a cause which has been removed on insufficient
grounds from an inferior to a superior court by certiorari, or
otherwise, is sent down again to the same court, to be proceeded in
there.
(b) In English practice, a writ issuing out of chancery in cases
where the judges of subordinate courts delay giving judgment,
commanding them to proceed to judgment.
(c) A writ by which the commission of the justice of the peace is
revived, after having been suspended. Tomlins. Burrill.

PROCEDURE
Pro*ce"dure, n. Etym: [F. procédure. See Proceed.]

1. The act or manner of proceeding or moving forward; progress;
process; operation; conduct. "The true procedure of conscience."
South.

2. A step taken; an act performed; a proceeding; the steps taken in
an action or other legal proceeding. "Gracious procedures." I.
Taylor.

3. That which results; issue; product. [Obs.] Bacon.

PROCEED
Pro*ceed" v. i. [imp. & p. p. Proceeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Proceeding.]
Etym: [F. procéder. fr. L. procedere, processum, to go before, to
proceed; pro forward + cedere to move. See Cede.]

1. To move, pass, or go forward or onward; to advance; to continue or
renew motion begun; as, to proceed on a journey.
If thou proceed in this thy insolence. Shak.

2. To pass from one point, topic, or stage, to another; as, to
proceed with a story or argument.

3. To issue or come forth as from a source or origin; to come from;
as, light proceeds from the sun.
I proceeded forth and came from God. John viii. 42.
It proceeds from policy, not love. Shak.

4. To go on in an orderly or regulated manner; to begin and carry on
a series of acts or measures; to act by method; to prosecute a
design.
He that proceeds upon other principles in his inquiry. Locke.

5. To be transacted; to take place; to occur. [Obs.]
He will, after his sour fashion, tell you What hath proceeded worthy
note to-day. Shak.

6. To have application or effect; to operate.
This rule only proceeds and takes place when a person can not of
common law condemn another by his sentence. Ayliffe.

7. (Law)

Defn: To begin and carry on a legal process.

Syn.
 -- To advance; go on; continue; progress; issue; arise; emanate.

PROCEED
Pro"ceed n.

Defn: See Proceeds. [Obs.] Howell.

PROCEEDER
Pro*ceed"er, n.

Defn: One who proceeds.

PROCEEDING
Pro*ceed"ing, n.

1. The act of one who proceeds, or who prosecutes a design or
transaction; progress or movement from one thing to another; a
measure or step taken in a course of business; a transaction; as, an
illegal proceeding; a cautious or a violent proceeding.
The proceedings of the high commission. Macaulay.

2. pl. (Law)

Defn: The course of procedure in the prosecution of an action at law.
Blackstone. Proceedings of a society, the published record of its
action, or of things done at its meetings.

Syn.
 -- Procedure; measure; step, See Transaction.

PROCEEDS
Pro"ceeds, n. pl.

Defn: That which comes forth or results; effect; yield; issue;
product; sum accruing from a sale, etc.

PROCELEUSMATIC
Proc`e*leus*mat"ic, a. Etym: [L. proceleusmaticus, Gr.
procéleusmatique.]

1. Inciting; animating; encouraging. [R.] Johnson.

2. (Pros.)

Defn: Consisting of four short syllables; composed of feet of four
short syllables each.

PROCELEUSMATIC
Proc`e*leus*mat"ic, n. (Pros.)

Defn: A foot consisting of four short syllables.

PROCELLARIAN
Pro`cel*la"ri*an, n. Etym: [L. procella a storm.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a family of oceanic birds (Procellaridæ) including the
petrels, fulmars, and shearwaters. They are often seen in great
abundance in stormy weather.

PROCELLOUS
Pro*cel"lous, a. Etym: [L. procellosus, fr. procella a storm.]

Defn: Stormy. [Obs.] Bailey.

PROCEPHALIC
Pro`ce*phal"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. pro- + cephalic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or forming, the front of the head. Procephalic
lobe (Zoöl.), that part of the head of an invertebrate animal which
is in front of the mouth.

PROCEPTION
Pro*cep"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. pro- + L. capere to take.]

Defn: Preoccupation. [Obs.] Eikon Basilik

PROCERE
Pro*cere", a. Etym: [L. procerus tall.]

Defn: Of high stature; tall. [Obs.] Evelyn.

PROCEREBRUM
Pro*cer"e*brum n. Etym: [Pref. pro- + cerebrum.] (Anat.)

Defn: The prosencephalon.

PROCERES
Proc"e*res n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. procer (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of large birds; the Ratitæ; -- called also Proceri.

PROCERITE
Proc"er*ite, n. Etym: [Pref. pro- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The segment next to the flagellum of the antennæ of Crustacea.

PROCERITY
Pro*cer"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. proceritas.]

Defn: Height of stature; tallness. [R.] Johnson.

PROCESS
Proc"ess, n. Etym: [F. procès, L. processus. See Proceed.]

1. The act of proceeding; continued forward movement; procedure;
progress; advance. "Long process of time." Milton.
The thoughts of men are widened with the process of the suns.
Tennyson.

2. A series of actions, motions, or occurrences; progressive act or
transaction; continuous operation; normal or actual course or
procedure; regular proceeding; as, the process of vegetation or
decomposition; a chemical process; processes of nature.
Tell her the process of Antonio's end. Shak.

3. A statement of events; a narrative. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marked prominence or projecting part, especially of a bone;
anapophysis.

5. (Law)

Defn: The whole course of proceedings in a cause real or personal,
civil or criminal, from the beginning to the end of the suit;
strictly, the means used for bringing the defendant into court to
answer to the action; -- a generic term for writs of the class called
judicial. Deacon's process Etym: [from H. Deacon, who introduced it]
(Chem.), a method of obtaining chlorine gas by passing hydrochloric
acid gas over heated slag which has been previously saturated with a
solution of some metallic salt, as sulphate of copper.
 -- Final process (Practice), a writ of execution in an action at
law. Burrill.
 -- In process, in the condition of advance, accomplishment,
transaction, or the like; begun, and not completed.
 -- Jury process (Law), the process by which a jury is summoned in a
cause, and by which their attendance is enforced. Burrill.
 -- Leblanc's process (Chem.), the process of manufacturing soda by
treating salt with sulphuric acid, reducing the sodium sulphate so
formed to sodium sulphide by roasting with charcoal, and converting
the sodium sulphide to sodium carbonate by roasting with lime.
 -- Mesne process. See under Mesne.
 -- Process milling, the process of high milling for grinding flour.
See under Milling.
 -- Reversible process (Thermodynamics), any process consisting of a
cycle of operations such that the different operations of the cycle
can be performed in reverse order with a reversal of their effects.

PROCESSION
Pro*ces"sion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. processio. See Proceed.]

1. The act of proceeding, moving on, advancing, or issuing; regular,
orderly, or ceremonious progress; continuous course. Bp. Pearson.
That the procession of their life might be
More equable, majestic, pure, and free. Trench.

2. That which is moving onward in an orderly, stately, or solemn
manner; a train of persons advancing in order; a ceremonious train; a
retinue; as, a procession of mourners; the Lord Mayor's procession.
Here comes the townsmen on procession. Shak.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: An orderly and ceremonial progress of persons, either from the
sacristy to the choir, or from the choir around the church, within or
without. Shipley.

4. pl. (Eccl.)

Defn: An old term for litanies which were said in procession and not
kneeling. Shipley. Procession of the Holy Ghost, a theological term
applied to the relation of the Holy Spirit to the Father and the Son,
the Eastern Church affirming that the Spirit proceeds from the Father
only, and the Western Church that the Spirit proceeds from the Father
and the Son. Shipley.
 -- Procession week, a name for Rogation week, when processions were
made; Cross-week. Shipley.

PROCESSION
Pro*ces"sion, v. t. (Law)

Defn: To ascertain, mark, and establish the boundary lines of, as
lands. [Local, U. S. (North Carolina and Tennessee).] "To procession
the lands of such persons as desire it." Burrill.

PROCESSION
Pro*ces"sion, v. i.

Defn: To march in procession. [R.]

PROCESSION
Pro*ces"sion, v. i.

Defn: To honor with a procession. [R.]

PROCESSIONAL
Pro*ces"sion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a procession; consisting in a procession.
The processional services became more frequent. Milman.

PROCESSIONAL
Pro*ces"sion*al, n. Etym: [F. processionnal, LL. processionale.]

1. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A service book relating to ecclesiastical processions. J.
Gregory.

2. A hymn, or other selection, sung during a church procession; as,
the processional was the 202d hymn.

PROCESSIONALIST
Pro*ces"sion*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who goes or marches in a procession. [R.]

PROCESSIONARY
Pro*ces"sion*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. processionarius, F.
processionnaire.]

Defn: Pertaining to a procession; consisting in processions; as,
processionary service. Processionary moth (Zoöl.), any moth of the
genus Cnethocampa, especially C. processionea of Europe, whose larvæ
make large webs on oak trees, and go out to feed in regular order.
They are covered with stinging hairs.

PROCESSIONER
Pro*ces"sion*er, n.

1. One who takes part in a procession.

2. A manual of processions; a processional. Fuller.

3. An officer appointed to procession lands. [Local, U. S. (North
Carolina and Tennessee).] Burrill.

PROCESSIONING
Pro*ces"sion*ing, n.

Defn: A proceeding prescribed by statute for ascertaining and fixing
the boundaries of land. See 2d Procession. [ Local, U. S.] Bouvier.

PROCESSIVE
Pro*ces"sive, a.

Defn: Proceeding; advancing.
Because it is language, -- ergo, processive. Coleridge.

PROCESS PLATE
Proc"ess plate.
 (a) A plate prepared by a mechanical process, esp. a photomechanical
process.
 (b) A very slow photographic plate, giving good contrasts between
high lights and shadows, used esp. for making lantern slides.

PROCES VERBAL
Pro`cès" ver`bal". Etym: [ F.] (French Law)

Defn: An authentic minute of an official act, or statement of facts.

PROCHEIN
Pro"chein, a. Etym: [F. prochain, fr. L. (assumed) proximanus, fr.
proximus.]

Defn: Next; nearest. Prochein ami or amy ( (Law), the next friend.
See under Next.

PROCHORDAL
Pro*chor"dal, a. Etym: [Pref. pro + chordal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated in front of the notochord; -- applied especially to
parts of the cartilaginous rudiments in the base of the skull.

PROCHRONISM
Pro"chro*nism n. Etym: [Gr. prochronisme.]

Defn: The dating of an event before the time it happened; an
antedating; -- opposed to Ant: metachronism.

PROCHRONIZE
Pro"chro*nize, v. t.

Defn: To antedate. Fitzed. Hall.

PROCIDENCE; PROCIDENTIA
Proc"i*dence, Proc*i*den"ti*a, n. Etym: [L. procidentia, fr.
procidens, p. pr. of procidere to fall down forward.] (Med.)

Defn: A falling down; a prolapsus. [R.] Parr.

PROCIDUOUS
Pro*cid"u*ous (, a. Etym: [ L. prociduus.]

Defn: Falling from its proper place.

PROCINCT
Pro*cinct" n. Etym: [L. procinctus, fr. procingere, procinctum, to
gird up.]

Defn: A state of complete readiness for action. [Obs.] "War in
procinct." Milton.

PROCLAIM
Pro*claim", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proclaimed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Proclaiming.] Etym: [OE. proclamen, L. proclamare; pro before,
forward + clamare to call or cry out: cf. F. proclamer. See Claim.]

1. To make known by public announcement; to give wide publicity to;
to publish abroad; to promulgate; to declare; as, to proclaim war or
peace.
To proclaim liberty to the captives. Isa. lxi. 1.
For the apparel oft proclaims the man. Shak.
Throughout the host proclaim A solemn council forthwith to be held.
Milton.

2. To outlaw by public proclamation.
I heard myself proclaimed. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To publish; promulgate; declare; announce. See Announce.

PROCLAIMER
Pro*claim"er, n.

Defn: One who proclaims.

PROCLAMATION
Proc`la*ma"tion n. Etym: [F. proclamation, L. proclamatio. See
Proclaim.]

1. The act of proclaiming; official or general notice; publication.
King Asa made a proclamation throughout all Judah; none was exempted.
1 Kings xv. 22.

2. That which is proclaimed, publicly announced, or officially
declared; a published ordinance; as, the proclamation of a king; a
Thanksgiving proclamation.

PROCLITIC
Pro*clit"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Enclitic.] (Gr. Gram.)

Defn: Leaning forward; -- said of certain monosyllabic words which
are so closely attached to the following word as not to have a
separate accent.

PROCLIVE
Pro*clive" a. Etym: [L. proclivis sloping, inclined; pro forward +
clivus hill: cf. F. proclive. See Declivity, and cf. Proclivous.]

Defn: Having a tendency by nature; prone; proclivous. [R.] Mrs.
Browning.

PROCLIVITY
Pro*cliv"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. proclivitas: cf. F. proclivité.]

1. Inclination; propensity; proneness; tendency. "A proclivity to
steal." Abp. Bramhall.

2. Readiness; facility; aptitude.
He had such a dexterous proclivity as his teachers were fain to
restrain his forwardness. Sir H. Wotton.

PROCLIVOUS
Pro*cli"vous, a. Etym: [L. proclivus. See Proclive.]

1. Inclined; tending by nature. [R.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the incisor teeth directed forward.

PROCOELE
Pro*coele", n. Etym: [Pref. pro + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A lateral cavity of the prosencephalon; a lateral ventricle of
the brain. B. G. Wilder.

PROCOELIA
Pro*coe"li*a n.; pl. Procoeliæ (. Etym: [ NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Procoele.

PROCOELIA
Pro*coe"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Crocodilia, including the true crocodiles and
alligators, in which the dorsal vertebræ are concave in front.

PROCOELIAN
Pro*coe"li*an a. Etym: [See Procoele.] (Anat & Zoöl.)

Defn: Concave in front; as, procoelian vertebræ, which have the
anterior end of the centra concave and the posterior convex.

PROCOELIAN
Pro*coe"li*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A reptile having procoelian vertebræ; one of the Procoelia.

PROCOELOUS
Pro*coe"lous, a.

Defn: Same as Procoelian.

PROCONSUL
Pro*con"sul, n. Etym: [L., fr. pro for + consul consul.] (Rom.
Antiq.)

Defn: An officer who discharged the duties of a consul without being
himself consul; a governor of, or a military commander in, a
province. He was usually one who had previously been consul.

PROCONSULAR; PROCONSULARY
Pro*con"su*lar, Pro*con"su*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. proconsularis: cf. F.
proconsulaire.]

1. Of or pertaining of a proconsul; as, proconsular powers.

2. Under the government of a proconsul; as, a proconsular province.

PROCONSULATE
Pro*con"su*late, n. Etym: [L. proconsulatus: cf. F. proconsulat.]

Defn: The office jurisdiction of a proconsul, or the term of his
office.

PROCONSULSHIP
Pro*con"sul*ship n.

Defn: Proconsulate.

PROCRASTINATE
Pro*cras"ti*nate v. t. [imp. & p. p. Procrastinated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Procrastinating.] Etym: [L. procrastinatus, p. p. of procrastinare to
procrastinate; pro forward + crastinus of to-morrow, fr. cras to-
morrow.]

Defn: To put off till to-morrow, or from day to day; to defer; to
postpone; to delay; as, to procrastinate repentance. Dr. H. More.
Hopeless and helpless Ægeon wend, But to procrastinate his lifeless
end. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To postpone; adjourn; defer; delay; retard; protract; prolong.

PROCRASTINATE
Pro*cras"ti*nate, v. i.

Defn: To delay; to be dilatory.
I procrastinate more than I did twenty years ago. Swift.

PROCRASTINATION
Pro*cras`ti*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. procrastinatio: cf. F.
procrastination.]

Defn: The act or habit of procrastinating, or putting off to a future
time; delay; dilatoriness.
Procrastination is the thief of time. Young.

PROCRASTINATOR
Pro*cras"ti*na`tor n.

Defn: One who procrastinates, or defers the performance of anything.

PROCRASTINATORY
Pro*cras"ti*na*to*ry a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to procrastination; dilatory.

PROCRASTINE
Pro*cras"tine v. t.

Defn: To procrastinate. [Obs.]

PROCREANT
Pro"cre*ant, a. Etym: [L. procreans, p. pr. of procreare. See
Procreate.]

Defn: Generating; producing; productive; fruitful; assisting in
procreation. [R.] "His pendent bed and procreant cradle." Shak.

PROCREANT
Pro"cre*ant, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, procreates.

PROCREATE
Pro"cre*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Procreated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Procreating.] Etym: [L. procreatus, p. p. of procreare; pro forward,
forth + create to create.]

Defn: To generate and produce; to beget; to engender.

PROCREATION
Pro`cre*a"tion n. Etym: [F. procréation, L, procreatio.]

Defn: The act of begetting; generation and production of young.
South.

PROCREATIVE
Pro"cre*a`tive, a.

Defn: Having the power to beget; generative. Sir M. Hale.

PROCREATIVENESS
Pro"cre*a`tive*ness, n.

Defn: The power of generating.

PROCREATOR
Pro"cre*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who begets; a father or sire; a generator.

PROCRIS
Pro"cris n. Etym: [L., the wife of Cephalus, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of small moths of the genus Procris. The larvæ of
some species injure the grapevine by feeding in groups upon the
leaves.

PROCRUSTEAN
Pro*crus"te*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Procrustes, or the mode of torture
practiced by him; producing conformity by violent means; as, the
Procrustean treatment; a Procrustean limit. See Procrustes.

PROCRUSTEANIZE
Pro*crus"te*an*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Procrusteanized; p. pr. & vb.
n. Procrusteanizing.]

Defn: To stretch or contract according to some rule or standard.

PROCRUSTES
Pro*crus"tes n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A celebrated legendary highwayman of Attica, who tied his
victims upon an iron bed, and, as the case required, either stretched
or cut of their legs to adapt them to its length; -- whence the
metaphorical phrase, the bed of Procrustes.

PROCRUSTESIAN
Pro`crus*te"si*an, a.

Defn: See Procrustean.

PROCTITIS
Proc*ti"tis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the rectum.

PROCTOCELE
Proc"to*cele, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Inversion and prolapse of the mucous coat of the rectum, from
relaxation of the sphincter, with more or less swelling; prolapsus
ani. Dunglison.

PROCTODAEUM
Proc`to*dæ"um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: See Mesenteron.

PROCTOR
Proc"tor, n. Etym: [OE. proketour, contr. fr. procurator. See
Procurator.]

Defn: One who is employed to manage to affairs of another.
Specifically:
(a) A person appointed to collect alms for those who could not go out
to beg for themselves, as lepers, the bedridden, etc.; hence a
beggar. [Obs.] Nares.
(b) (Eng. Law) An officer employed in admiralty and ecclesiastical
causes. He answers to an attorney at common law, or to a solicitor in
equity. Wharton.
(c) (Ch. of Eng.) A representative of the clergy in convocation.
(d) An officer in a university or college whose duty it is to enforce
obedience to the laws of the institution.

PROCTOR
Proc"tor, v. t.

Defn: To act as a proctor toward; to manage as an attorney or agent.
Bp. Warburton.

PROCTORAGE
Proc"tor*age n.

Defn: Management by a proctor, or as by a proctor; hence, control;
superintendence; -- in contempt. "The fogging proctorage of money."
Milton.

PROCTORIAL
Proc*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a proctor, esp. an academic proctor;
magisterial.

PROCTORICAL
Proc*tor"ic*al, a.

Defn: Proctorial. [R.]

PROCTORSHIP
Proc"tor*ship n.

Defn: The office or dignity of a proctor; also, the term of his
office. Clarendon.

PROCTOTOMY
Proc*tot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: An incision into the rectum, as for the division of a
stricture.

PROCTUCHA
Proc"tu*cha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) A division of Turbellaria including those that have an intestine
terminating posteriorly.
(b) The Nemertina.

PROCUMBENT
Pro*cum"bent, a. Etym: [L. procumbens, -entis, p. pr. of procumbere
to fall, bend, or lean forward; pro forward + cumbere (in comp.),
akin to cubare to lie down: cf. F. procombant. Cf. Incumbent.]

1. Lying down, or on the face; prone. " Procumbent each obeyed."
Cowper.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Lying on the ground, but without putting forth roots; trailing;
prostrate; as, a procumbent stem.

PROCURABLE
Pro*cur"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being procured; obtainable. Boyle.

PROCURACY
Proc"u*ra*cy, n.; pl. Procuracies. Etym: [LL. procuratia: cf. F.
procuratie. See Procuration, and cf,. Proxy.]

1. The office or act of a proctor or procurator; management for
another.

2. Authority to act for another; a proxy. [Obs.]

PROCURATION
Proc`u*ra"tion n. Etym: [L. procuratio: cf. F. procuration. See
Procure.]

1. The act of procuring; procurement.

2. The management of another's affairs.

3. The instrument by which a person is empowered to transact the
affairs of another; a proxy.

4. (Ch. of Eng.)

Defn: A sum of money paid formerly to the bishop or archdeacon, now
to the ecclesiastical commissioners, by an incumbent, as a
commutation for entertainment at the time of visitation; -- called
also proxy. Procuration money (Law), money paid for procuring a loan.
Blackstone.

PROCURATOR
Proc"u*ra`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. procurateur. See Procure, and cf.
Proctor. ]

1. (Law)

Defn: One who manages another's affairs, either generally or in a
special matter; an agent; a proctor. Chaucer. Shak.

2. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A governor of a province under the emperors; also, one who had
charge of the imperial revenues in a province; as, the procurator of
Judea. Procurator fiscal (Scots Law), public prosecutor, or district
attorney.

PROCURATORIAL
Proc`u*ra*to"ri*al (, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a procurator, or proctor; made by a
proctor. Ayliffe.

PROCURATORSHIP
Proc"u*ra`tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office or term of a procurator. Bp. Pearson.

PROCURATORY
Pro*cu"ra*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. procuratorius.]

Defn: Tending to, or authorizing, procuration.

PROCURE
Pro*cure", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Procured; p. pr. & vb. n. Procuring.]
Etym: [F. procurer, L. procurare, procuratum, to take care of; pro
for + curare to take care, fr. cura care. See Cure, and cf. Proctor,
Proxy.]

1. To bring into possession; to cause to accrue to, or to come into
possession of; to acquire or provide for one's self or for another;
to gain; to get; to obtain by any means, as by purchase or loan.
If we procure not to ourselves more woe. Milton.

2. To contrive; to bring about; to effect; to cause.
By all means possible they procure to have gold and silver among them
in reproach. Robynson (More's Utopia) .
Proceed, Solinus, to procure my fall. Shak.

3. To solicit; to entreat. [Obs.]
The famous Briton prince and faery knight, . . . Of the fair Alma
greatly were procured To make there longer sojourn and abode.
Spenser.

4. To cause to come; to bring; to attract. [Obs.]
What unaccustomed cause procures her hither Shak.

5. To obtain for illicit intercourse or prostitution.

Syn.
 -- See Attain.

PROCURE
Pro*cure", v. i.

1. To pimp. Shak.

2. To manage business for another in court. [Scot.]

PROCUREMENT
Pro*cure"ment, n.

1. The act of procuring or obtaining; obtainment; attainment.

2. Efficient contrivance; management; agency.
They think it done By her procurement. Dryden.

PROCURER
Pro*cur"er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. procureur.]

1. One who procures, or obtains; one who, or that which, brings on,
or causes to be done, esp. by corrupt means.

2. One who procures the gratification of lust for another; a pimp; a
pander. South.

PROCURESS
Pro*cur"ess, n.

Defn: A female procurer, or pander.

PROCYON
Pro"cy*on, n. Etym: [L., a constellation which rises before the Dog
Star, Gr.

1. (Astron.)

Defn: a star of the first magnitude in the constellation Canis Minor,
or the Little Dog.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of mammals including the raccoon.

PROD
Prod, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. & Ir. brod goad, prickle, sting, and E.
brad, also W. procio to poke, thrust.]

1. A pointed instrument for pricking or puncturing, as a goad, an
awl, a skewer, etc.

2. A prick or stab which a pointed instrument.

3. A light kind of crossbow; -- in the sense, often spelled prodd.
Fairholt.

PROD
Prod, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prodded; p. pr. & vb. n. Prodding.]

Defn: To thrust some pointed instrument into; to prick with something
sharp; as, to prod a soldier with a bayonet; to prod oxen; hence, to
goad, to incite, to worry; as, to prod a student. H. Taylor.

PRODD
Prodd, n.

Defn: A crossbow. See Prod, 3.

PRODIGAL
Prod"i*gal, a. Etym: [L. prodigus, from prodigere to drive forth, to
squander away; pro forward, forth + agere to drive; cf. F. prodigue.
See Agent. ]

Defn: Given to extravagant expenditure; expending money or other
things without necessity; recklessly or viciously profuse; lavish;
wasteful; not frugal or economical; as, a prodigal man; the prodigal
son; prodigal giving; prodigal expenses.
In fighting fields [patriots] were prodigal of blood. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Profuse; lavish; extravagant; squandering; wasteful. See Profuse.

PRODIGAL
Prod"i*gal, n.

Defn: One who expends money extravagantly, viciously, or without
necessity; one that is profuse or lavish in any expenditure; a
waster; a spendthrift. "Noble prodigals of life." Trench.

PRODIGALITY
Prod`i*gal"i*ty, n. Etym: [F. prodigalité, L. prodigalitas. See
Prodigal.]

Defn: Extravagance in expenditure, particularly of money; excessive
liberality; profusion; waste; -- opposed to frugality, economy, and
parsimony."The prodigality of his wit." Dryden.

PRODIGALIZE
Prod"i*gal*ize, v. i.

Defn: To act as a prodigal; to spend liberally. Sherwood.

PRODIGALIZE
Prod"i*gal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To expend lavishly. Ld. Lytton.

PRODIGALLY
Prod"i*gal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a prodigal manner; with profusion of expense; extravagantly;
wasteful; profusely; lavishly; as, an estate prodigally dissipated.
Nature not bounteous now, but lavish grows; Our paths with flowers
she prodigally strows. Dryden.

PRODIGATE
Prod"i*gate, v. t.

Defn: To squander. Thackeray.

PRODIGENCE
Prod"i*gence, n. Etym: [L. prodigentia, fr. prodigens, p. pr. of
prodigere. See Prodigal. ]

Defn: Waste; profusion; prodigality. [R.] Bp. Hall.

PRODIGIOUS
Pro*di"gious, a. Etym: [L. prodigiosus, fr. prodigium a prodigy; cf.
F. prodigieux. See Prodigy.]

1. Of the nature of a prodigy; marvelous; wonderful; portentous.
[Obs. or R.] Spenser.
It is prodigious to have thunder in a clear sky. Sir T. Browne.

2. Extraordinary in bulk, extent, quantity, or degree; very great;
vast; huge; immense; as, a prodigious mountain; a prodigious
creature; a prodigious blunder. "Prodigious might." Milton.

Syn.
 -- Huge; enormous; monstrous; portentous; marvelous; amazing;
astonishing; extraordinary.

PRODIGIOUSLY
Pro*di"gious*ly, adv.

1. Enormously; wonderfully; astonishingly; as, prodigiously great.

2. Very much; extremely; as, he was prodigiously pleased. [Colloq.]
Pope.

PRODIGIOUSNESS
Pro*di"gious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being prodigious; the state of having
qualities that excite wonder or astonishment; enormousness; vastness.

PRODIGY
Prod"i*gy, n.; pl. Prodigies. Etym: [ L. prodigium; pro before +
(perh.) a word appearing in adagium adage: cf. F. prodige. Cf. Adage.
]

1. Something extraordinary, or out of the usual course of nature,
from which omens are drawn; a portent; as, eclipses and meteors were
anciently deemed prodigies.
So many terrors, voices, prodigies, May warn thee, as a sure
foregoing sign. Milton.

2. Anything so extraordinary as to excite wonder or astonishment; a
marvel; as, a prodigy of learning.

3. A production out of ordinary course of nature; an abnormal
development; a monster. B. Jonson.

Syn.
 -- Wonder; miracle; portent; marvel; monster.

PRODITION
Pro*di"tion, n. Etym: [L. proditio, from prodere to give forth,
betray: cf. OF. prodition.]

Defn: Disclosure; treachery; treason. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

PRODITOR
Prod"i*tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A traitor. [Obs.]

PRODITORIOUS
Prod`i*to"ri*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. proditoire.]

1. Treacherous; perfidious; traitorous. [Obs.] Daniel.

2. Apt to make unexpected revelations. [Obs.] "Nature is
proditorious." Sir H. Wotton.

PRODITORY
Prod"i*to*ry, a.

Defn: Treacherous. [Obs.]

PRODROMAL
Prod"ro*mal, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to prodromes; as, the prodromal stage of a
disease.

PRODROME
Pro"drome, n. Etym: [Gr. prodrome.]

Defn: A forerunner; a precursor.

PRODROMOUS
Prod"ro*mous, a.

Defn: Precursory. [R.]

PRODROMUS
Prod"ro*mus, n. Etym: [NL.]

1. A prodrome.

2. A preliminary course or publication; -- used esp. in the titles of
elementary works.

PRODUCE
Pro*duce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Produced; p. pr. & vb. n. Producing.]
Etym: [L. producere, productum, to bring forward, beget, produce; pro
forward, forth + ducere to lead. See Duke.]

1. To bring forward; to lead forth; to offer to view or notice; to
exhibit; to show; as, to produce a witness or evidence in court.
Produce your cause, saith the Lord. Isa. xli. 21.
Your parents did not produce you much into the world. Swift.

2. To bring forth, as young, or as a natural product or growth; to
give birth to; to bear; to generate; to propagate; to yield; to
furnish; as, the earth produces grass; trees produce fruit; the
clouds produce rain.
This soil produces all sorts of palm trees. Sandys.
[They] produce prodigious births of body or mind. Milton.
The greatest jurist his country had produced. Macaulay.

3. To cause to be or to happen; to originate, as an effect or result;
to bring about; as, disease produces pain; vice produces misery.

4. To give being or form to; to manufacture; to make; as, a
manufacturer produces excellent wares.

5. To yield or furnish; to gain; as, money at interest produces an
income; capital produces profit.

6. To draw out; to extend; to lengthen; to prolong; as, to produce a
man's life to threescore. Sir T. Browne.

7. (Geom.)

Defn: To extend; -- applied to a line, surface, or solid; as, to
produce a side of a triangle.

PRODUCE
Pro*duce", v. i.

Defn: To yield or furnish appropriate offspring, crops, effects,
consequences, or results.

PRODUCE
Prod"uce, n.

Defn: That which is produced, brought forth, or yielded; product;
yield; proceeds; result of labor, especially of agricultural labors;
hence, specifically, agricultural products.

PRODUCEMENT
Pro*duce"ment, n.

Defn: Production. [Obs.]

PRODUCENT
Pro*du"cent, n. Etym: [L. producens, p. pr.]

Defn: One who produces, or offers to notice. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

PRODUCER
Pro*du"cer, n.

1. One who produces, brings forth, or generates.

2. One who grows agricultural products, or manufactures crude
materials into articles of use.

3. (Iron & Steel Manuf.)

Defn: A furnace for producing combustible gas which is used for fuel.

PRODUCE RACE
Prod"uce race. (Horse Racing)

Defn: A race to be run by the produce of horses named or described at
the time of entry.

PRODUCER'S GOODS
Pro*duc"er's goods. (Polit. Econ.)

Defn: Goods that satisfy wants only indirectly as factors in the
production of other goods, such as tools and raw material; -- called
also instrumental goods, auxiliary goods, intermediate goods, or
goods of the second and higher orders, and disting. from consumers'
goods.

PRODUCER'S SURPLUS; PRODUCER'S RENT
Producer's surplus. (Polit. Econ.)

Defn: Any profit above the normal rate of interest and wages accruing
to a producer on account of some monopoly (temporary or permanent) of
the means or materials of production; -- called also Producer's rent.

PRODUCIBILITY
Pro*du`ci*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being producible. Barrow.

PRODUCIBLE
Pro*du"ci*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being produced, brought forward, brought forth,
generated, made, or extended.
 -- Pro*du"ci*ble*ness, n.

PRODUCT
Prod"uct, n. Etym: [L. productus, p. pr. of producere. See Produce.]

1. Anything that is produced, whether as the result of generation,
growth, labor, or thought, or by the operation of involuntary causes;
as, the products of the season, or of the farm; the products of
manufactures; the products of the brain.
There are the product Of those ill-mated marriages. Milton.
These institutions are the products of enthusiasm. Burke.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The number or sum obtained by adding one number or quantity to
itself as many times as there are units in another number; the number
resulting from the multiplication of two or more numbers; as, the
product of the multiplication of 7 by 5 is 35. In general, the result
of any kind of multiplication. See the Note under Multiplication.

Syn.
 -- Produce; production; fruit; result; effect; consequence; outcome;
work; performance.

PRODUCT
Pro*duct", v. t.

1. To produce; to bring forward. "Producted to . . . examination."
[Obs.] Foxe.

2. To lengthen out; to extend. [Obs.]
He that doth much . . . products his mortality. Hackett.

3. To produce; to make. [Obs.] Holinshed.

PRODUCTIBILITY
Pro*duct`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being productible; producibility. Ruskin.

PRODUCTIBLE
Pro*duct"i*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. productible.]

Defn: Capable of being produced; producible.

PRODUCTILE
Pro*duc"tile, a. Etym: [L. productilis, fr. producere to stretch
out.]

Defn: Capable of being extended or prolonged; extensible; ductile.

PRODUCTION
Pro*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. productio a lengthening, prolonging: cf.
F. production. See Produce. ]

1. The act or process or producing, bringing forth, or exhibiting to
view; as, the production of commodities, of a witness.

2. That which is produced, yielded, or made, whether naturally, or by
the application of intelligence and labor; as, the productions of the
earth; the productions of handicraft; the productions of intellect or
genius.

3. The act of lengthening out or prolonging.

Syn.
 -- Product; produce; fruit; work; performance; composition.

PRODUCTIVE
Pro*duc"tive, a. Etym: [F. productif, L. productivus fit for
prolongation.]

1. Having the quality or power of producing; yielding or furnishing
results; as, productive soil; productive enterprises; productive
labor, that which increases the number or amount of products.

2. Bringing into being; causing to exist; producing; originative; as,
an age productive of great men; a spirit productive of heroic
achievements.
And kindle with thy own productive fire. Dryden.
This is turning nobility into a principle of virtue, and making it
productive of merit. Spectator.

3. Producing, or able to produce, in large measure; fertile;
profitable.
 -- Pro*duc"tive*ly, adv.
 -- Pro*duc"tive*ness, n.

PRODUCTIVITY
Pro`duc*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being productive; productiveness.
Emerson.
Not indeed as the product, but as the producing power, the
productivity. Coleridge.

PRODUCTRESS
Pro*duc"tress, n.

Defn: A female producer.

PRODUCTUS
Pro*duc"tus, n. Etym: [NL. See Product.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of brachiopods, very characteristic of the
Carboniferous rocks.

PROEGUMINAL
Pro`e*gu"mi*nal, a. Etym: [Gr. proégumène.] (Med.)

Defn: Serving to predispose; predisposing; as, a proeguminal cause of
disease.

PROEM
Pro"em, n. Etym: [L. prooemium, Gr. proème.]

Defn: Preface; introduction; preliminary observations; prelude.
Thus much may serve by way of proem. Swift.

PROEM
Pro"em, v. t.

Defn: To preface. [Obs.] South.

PROEMBRYO
Pro*em"bry*o, n. Etym: [Pref. pro- + embryo. ] (Bot.)
(a) The series of cells formed in the ovule of a flowering plant
after fertilization, but before the formation of the embryo.
(b) The primary growth from the spore in certain cryptogamous plants;
as, the proembryo, or protonema, of mosses.

PROEMIAL
Pro*e"mi*al, a.

Defn: Introductory; prefatory; preliminary. [R.] Hammond.

PROEMPTOSIS
Pro`emp*to"sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Chron.)

Defn: The addition of a day to the lunar calendar. [R.] See
Metemptosis.

PROFACE
Pro"face, interj. Etym: [OF. prou face, prou fasse; prou profit +
faire to make, do.]

Defn: Much good may it do you! -- a familiar salutation or welcome.
[Obs.]
Master page, good master page, sit. Proface! Shak.

PROFANATE
Prof"a*nate, v. t.

Defn: To profane. [Obs.]

PROFANATION
Prof`a*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. profanatio: cf. F. profanation. See
Profane, v. t.]

1. The act of violating sacred things, or of treating them with
contempt or irreverence; irreverent or too familiar treatment or use
of what is sacred; desecration; as, the profanation of the Sabbath;
the profanation of a sanctuary; the profanation of the name of God.

2. The act of treating with abuse or disrespect, or with undue
publicity, or lack of delicacy.
'T were profanation of our joys To tell the laity our love. Donne.

PROFANE
Pro*fane", a. Etym: [F., fr. L. profanus, properly, before the
temple, i. e., without the temple, unholy; pro before + fanum temple.
See 1st Fane.]

1. Not sacred or holy; not possessing peculiar sanctity;
unconsecrated; hence, relating to matters other than sacred; secular;
-- opposed to sacred, religious, or inspired; as, a profane place.
"Profane authors." I. Disraeli.
The profane wreath was suspended before the shrine. Gibbon.

2. Unclean; impure; polluted; unholy.
Nothing is profane that serveth to holy things. Sir W. Raleigh.

3. Treating sacred things with contempt, disrespect, irreverence, or
undue familiarity; irreverent; impious. Hence, specifically;
Irreverent in language; taking the name of God in vain; given to
swearing; blasphemous; as, a profane person, word, oath, or tongue. 1
Tim. i. 9.

Syn.
 -- Secular; temporal; worldly; unsanctified; unhallowed; unholy;
irreligious; irreverent; ungodly; wicked; godless; impious. See
Impious.

PROFANE
Pro*fane", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Profaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Profaning.]
Etym: [L. profanare: cf. F. profaner. See Profane, a.]

1. To violate, as anything sacred; to treat with abuse, irreverence,
obloquy, or contempt; to desecrate; to pollute; as, to profane the
name of God; to profane the Scriptures, or the ordinance of God.
The priests in the temple profane the sabbath. Matt. xii. 5.

2. To put to a wrong or unworthy use; to make a base employment of;
to debase; to abuse; to defile.
So idly to profane the precious time. Shak.

PROFANELY
Pro*fane"ly, adv.

Defn: In a profane manner.
The character of God profanely impeached. Dr. T. Dwight.

PROFANENESS
Pro*fane"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being profane; especially, the use of
profane language.

PROFANER
Pro*fan"er, n.

Defn: One who treats sacred things with irreverence, or defiles what
is holy; one who uses profane language. Hooker.

PROFANITY
Pro*fan"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. profanitas.]

1. The quality or state of being profane; profaneness; irreverence;
esp., the use of profane language; blasphemy.

2. That which is profane; profane language or acts.
The brisk interchange of profanity and folly. Buckminster.

PROFECTION
Pro*fec"tion, n. Etym: [See Proficient.]

Defn: A setting out; a going forward; advance; progression. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.

PROFECTITIOUS
Pro`fec*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. profectitius, fr. proficisci to set
out, proceed.]

Defn: Proceeding from, as from a parent; derived, as from an
ancestor. [R.]
The threefold distinction of profectitious, adventitious, and
professional was ascertained. Gibbon.

PROFERT
Pro"fert, n. Etym: [L., he brings forward, 3d pers. pr. of proferre.
See Proffer. ] (Law)

Defn: The exhibition or production of a record or paper in open
court, or an allegation that it is in court.

PROFESS
Pro*fess", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Professed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Professing.] Etym: [F. profès, masc., professe, fem., professed (monk
or nun), L. professus, p. p. of profiteri to profess; pro before,
forward + fateri to confess, own. See Confess.]

1. To make open declaration of, as of one's knowledge, belief,
action, etc.; to avow or acknowledge; to confess publicly; to own or
admit freely. "Hear me profess sincerely." Shak.
The best and wisest of them all professed To know this only, that he
nothing knew. Milton.

2. To set up a claim to; to make presence to; hence, to put on or
present an appearance of.
I do profess to be no less than I seem. Shak.

3. To present to knowledge of, to proclaim one's self versed in; to
make one's self a teacher or practitioner of, to set up as an
authority respecting; to declare (one's self to be such); as, he
professes surgery; to profess one's self a physician.

PROFESS
Pro*fess", v. i.

1. To take a profession upon one's self by a public declaration; to
confess. Drayton.

2. To declare friendship. [Obs.] Shak.

PROFESSED
Pro*fessed", a.

Defn: Openly declared, avowed, acknowledged, or claimed; as, a
professed foe; a professed tyrant; a professed Christian. The
professed (R. C. Ch.) , a certain class among the Jesuits bound by a
special vow. See the note under Jesuit.

PROFESSEDLY
Pro*fess"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: By profession.

PROFESSION
Pro*fes"sion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. professio. See Profess, v.]

1. The act of professing or claiming; open declaration; public avowal
or acknowledgment; as, professions of friendship; a profession of
faith.
A solemn vow, promise, and profession. Bk. of Com. Prayer.

2. That which one professed; a declaration; an avowal; a claim; as,
his professions are insincere.
The Indians quickly perceive the coincidence or the contradiction
between professions and conduct. J. Morse.

3. That of which one professed knowledge; the occupation, if not
mechanical, agricultural, or the like, to which one devotes one's
self; the business which one professes to understand, and to follow
for subsistence; calling; vocation; employment; as, the profession of
arms; the profession of a clergyman, lawyer, or physician; the
profession of lecturer on chemistry.
Hi tried five or six professions in turn. Macaulay.

Note: The three professions, or learned professions, are, especially,
theology, law, and medicine.

4. The collective body of persons engaged in a calling; as, the
profession distrust him.

5. (Eccl. Law.)

Defn: The act of entering, or becoming a member of, a religious
order.

PROFESSIONAL
Pro*fes"sion*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a profession, or calling; conforming to the
rules or standards of a profession; following a profession; as,
professional knowledge; professional conduct. "Pride, not personal,
but professional." Macaulay. "A professional sneerer." De Quincey.

2. Engaged in by professionals; as, a professional race; -- opposed
to amateur.

PROFESSIONAL
Pro*fes"sion*al, n.

Defn: A person who prosecutes anything professionally, or for a
livelihood, and not in the character of an amateur; a professional
worker.

PROFESSIONALISM
Pro*fes"sion*al*ism, n.

Defn: The following of a profession, sport, etc., as an occupation; -
- opposed to Ant: amateurism.

PROFESSIONALIST
Pro*fes"sion*al*ist, n.

Defn: professional person. [R.]

PROFESSIONALLY
Pro*fes"sion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a professional manner or capacity; by profession or calling;
in the exercise of one's profession; one employed professionally.

PROFESSOR
Pro*fess"or, n. Etym: [L., a teacher, a public teacher: cf. F.
professeur. See Profess.]

1. One who professed, or makes open declaration of, his sentiments or
opinions; especially, one who makes a public avowal of his belief in
the Scriptures and his faith in Christ, and thus unites himself to
the visible church. "Professors of religion." Bacon.

2. One who professed, or publicly teaches, any science or branch of
learning; especially, an officer in a university, college, or other
seminary, whose business it is to read lectures, or instruct
students, in a particular branch of learning; as a professor of
theology, of botany, of mathematics, or of political economy.

PROFESSORIAL
Pro`fes*so"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. professorius: cf. F. professorial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a professor; as, the professional chair;
professional interest.

PROFESSORIALISM
Pro`fes*so"ri*al*ism, n.

Defn: The character, manners, or habits of a professor. [R.]

PROFESSORIAT
Pro`fes*so"ri*at, n.

Defn: See Professoriate.

PROFESSORIATE
Pro`fes*so"ri*ate, n.

1. The body of professors, or the professorial staff, in a university
or college.

2. A professorship.

PROFESSORSHIP
Pro*fess"or*ship, n.

Defn: The office or position of a professor, or public teacher.
Walton.

PROFESSORY
Pro*fes"so*ry, a. Etym: [L. professorius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a professor; professorial. [R.] Bacon.

PROFFER
Prof"fer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proffered; p. pr. & vb. n. Proffering.]
Etym: [OE. profren, proferen, F. proférer, fr. L. proferre to bring
forth or forward, to offer; pro forward + ferre to bring. See Bear to
produce.]

1. To offer for acceptance; to propose to give; to make a tender of;
as, to proffer a gift; to proffer services; to proffer friendship.
Shak.
I reck not what wrong that thou me profre. Chaucer.

2. To essay or attempt of one's own accord; to undertake, or propose
to undertake. [R.] Milton.

PROFFER
Prof"fer, n.

1. An offer made; something proposed for acceptance by another; a
tender; as, proffers of peace or friendship.
He made a proffer to lay down his commission. Clarendon.

2. Essay; attempt. [R.] Bacon.

PROFFERER
Prof"fer*er, n.

Defn: One who proffers something.

PROFICIENCE; PROFICIENCY
Pro*fi"cience, Pro*fi"cien*cy, n.

Defn: The quality of state of being proficient; advance in the
acquisition of any art, science, or knowledge; progression in
knowledge; improvement; adeptness; as, to acquire proficiency in
music.

PROFICIENT
Pro*fi"cient, n. Etym: [L. proficiens, -entis, p. pr. of proficere to
go forward, make progress; pro forward + facere to make. See Fact,
and cf. Profit, (

Defn: One who has made considerable advances in any business, art,
science, or branch of learning; an expert; an adept; as, proficient
in a trade; a proficient in mathematics, music, etc.

PROFICIENT
Pro*fi"cient, a.

Defn: Well advanced in any branch of knowledge or skill; possessed of
considerable acquirements; well-skilled; versed; adept,

PROFICIENTLY
Pro*fi"cient*ly, adv.

Defn: In a proficient manner.

PROFICUOUS
Pro*fic"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. proficuus.]

Defn: Profitable; advantageous; useful. [Obs.] Harvey.

PROFILE
Pro"file, n. Etym: [It. profilo, fr. L. pro before + filum a thread,
an outline, shape: cf. F. profil. See File arow, and cf. Purfle,
Purl, a fringe.]

1. An outline, or contour; as, the profile of an apple.

2. (Paint & Sculp.)

Defn: A human head represented sidewise, or in a side view; the side
face or half face.

3.
(a) (Arch.) A section of any member, made at right angles with its
main lines, showing the exact shape of moldings and the like.
(b) (Civil Engin.) A drawing exhibiting a vertical section of the
ground along a surveyed line, or graded work, as of a railway,
showing elevations, depressions, grades, etc. Profile paper (Civil
Engin.), paper ruled with vertical and horizontal lines forming small
oblong rectangles, adapted for drawing profiles.

PROFILE
Pro"file, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Profiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Profiling]
Etym: [Cf. F. profiler, It. profilare. See Profile, n.]

1. to draw the outline of; to draw in profile, as an architectural
member.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: To shape the outline of an object by passing a cutter around
it. Profiling machine, a jigging machine.

PROFILING
Pro"fil*ing, n. (Fort.)

Defn: In the construction of fieldworks, the erection at proper
intervals of wooden profiles, to show to the workmen the sectional
form of the parapets at those points.

PROFILIST
Pro"fil*ist, n.

Defn: One who takes profiles.

PROFIT
Pro"fit, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. profectus advance, progress, profit,
fr. profectum. See Proficient.]

1. Acquisition beyond expenditure; excess of value received for
producing, keeping, or selling, over cost; hence, pecuniary gain in
any transaction or occupation; emolument; as, a profit on the sale of
goods.
Let no man anticipate uncertain profits. Rambler.

2. Accession of good; valuable results; useful consequences; benefit;
avail; gain; as, an office of profit,
This I speak for your own profit. 1 Cor. vii. 35.
If you dare do yourself a profit and a right. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Benefit; avail; service; improvement; advancement; gain;
emolument.

PROFIT
Prof"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Profited; p. pr. & vb. n. Profiting.]
Etym: [F. profiter. See Profit, n.]

Defn: To be of service to; to be good to; to help on; to benefit; to
advantage; to avail; to aid; as, truth profits all men.
The word preached did not profit them. Heb. iv. 2.
It is a great means of profiting yourself, to copy diligently
excellent pieces and beautiful designs. Dryden.

PROFIT
Prof"it, v. i.

1. To gain advantage; to make improvement; to improve; to gain; to
advance.
I profit not by thy talk. Shak.

2. To be of use or advantage; to do or bring good.
Riches profit not in the day of wrath. Prov. xi. 4.

PROFITABLE
Prof"it*a*ble, a. Etym: [F. profitable.]

Defn: Yielding or bringing profit or gain; gainful; lucrative;
useful; helpful; advantageous; beneficial; as, a profitable trade;
profitable business; a profitable study or profession.
What was so profitable to the empire became fatal to the emperor.
Arbuthnot.
-- Prof"it*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Prof"it*a*bly, adv.

PROFITING
Prof"it*ing, n.

Defn: Gain; advantage; profit.
That thy profiting may appear to all. 1 Tim. iv. 15.

PROFITLESS
Prof"it*less, a.

Defn: Without profit; unprofitable. Shak.

PROFLIGACY
Prof"li*ga*cy, n. Etym: [See Profligate, a.]

Defn: The quality of state of being profligate; a profligate or very
vicious course of life; a state of being abandoned in moral principle
and in vice; dissoluteness.

PROFLIGATE
Prof"li*gate, a. Etym: [L. profligatus, p. p. of profligare to strike
or dash to the ground, to destroy; pro before + a word akin to
fligere to strike. See Afflict.]

1. Overthrown; beaten; conquered. [Obs.]
The foe is profligate, and run. Hudibras.

2. Broken down in respect of rectitude, principle, virtue, or
decency; openly and shamelessly immoral or vicious; dissolute; as,
profligate man or wretch.
A race more profligate than we. Roscommon.
Made prostitute and profligate muse. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Abandoned; corrupt; dissolute; vitiated; depraved; vicious;
wicked. See Abandoned.

PROFLIGATE
Prof"li*gate, n.

Defn: An abandoned person; one openly and shamelessly vicious; a
dissolute person. "Such a profligate as Antony." Swift.

PROFLIGATE
Prof"li*gate, v. t.

Defn: To drive away; to overcome.

Note: [A Latinism] [Obs.] Harvey.

PROFLIGATELY
Prof"li*gate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a profligate manner.

PROFLIGATENESS
Prof"li*gate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being profligate; an abandoned course of life;
profligacy.

PROFLIGATION
Prof`li*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. profligatio.]

Defn: Defeat; rout; overthrow. [Obs.] Bacon.

PROFLUENCE
Prof"lu*ence, n. Etym: [L. profluentia.]

Defn: Quality of being profluent; course. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

PROFLUENT
Prof"lu*ent, a. Etym: [L. profluens, p. pr. of profluere; pro forward
+ fluere to flow.]

Defn: Flowing forward, [R.] "In the profluent stream." Milton.

PROFOUND
Pro*found", a. Etym: [F. profond, L. profundus; pro before, forward +
fundus the bottom. See Found to establish, Bottom lowest part.]

1. Descending far below the surface; opening or reaching to a great
depth; deep. "A gulf profound." Milton.

2. Intellectually deep; entering far into subjects; reaching to the
bottom of a matter, or of a branch of learning; thorough; as, a
profound investigation or treatise; a profound scholar; profound
wisdom.

3. Characterized by intensity; deeply felt; pervading; overmastering;
far-reaching; strongly impressed; as, a profound sleep. "Profound
sciatica." Shak.
Of the profound corruption of this class there can be no doubt.
Milman.

4. Bending low, exhibiting or expressing deep humility; lowly;
submissive; as, a profound bow.
What humble gestures! What profound reverence! Dupp

PROFOUND
Pro*found", n.

1. The deep; the sea; the ocean.
God in the fathomless profound Hath all this choice commanders
drowned. Sandys.

2. An abyss. Milton.

PROFOUND
Pro*found", v. t.

Defn: To cause to sink deeply; to cause to dive or penetrate far
down. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PROFOUND
Pro*found", v. i.

Defn: To dive deeply; to penetrate. [Obs.]

PROFOUNDLY
Pro*found"ly, adv.

Defn: In a profound manner.
Why sigh you so profoundly Shak.

PROFOUNDNESS
Pro*found"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being profound; profundity; depth.
Hooker.

PROFULGENT
Pro*ful"gent, a. Etym: [Pref. pro- + L. fulgere to shine.]

Defn: Shining forth; brilliant; effulgent. [Obs.] "Profulgent in
preciousness." Chaucer.

PROFUNDITY
Pro*fun"di*ty, n.; pl. -ties. Etym: [L. profunditas: cf. F.
profondite. See Profound.]

Defn: The quality or state of being profound; depth of place,
knowledge, feeling, etc. "The vast profundity obscure." Milton.

PROFUSE
Pro*fuse", a. Etym: [L. profusus, p. p. of profundere to pour forth
or out; pro forward, forth + fundere to pour: cf. F. profus. See Fuse
to melt.]

1. Pouring forth with fullness or exuberance; bountiful; exceedingly
liberal; giving without stint; as, a profuse government; profuse
hospitality.
A green, shady bank, profuse of flowers. Milton.

2. Superabundant; excessive; prodigal; lavish; as, profuse
expenditure. "Profuse ornament." Kames.

Syn.
 -- Lavish; exuberant; bountiful; prodigal; extravagant.
 -- Profuse, Lavish, Prodigal. Profuse denotes pouring out (as money,
etc.) with great fullness or freeness; as, profuse in his
expenditures, thanks, promises, etc. Lavish is stronger, implying
unnecessary or wasteful excess; as, lavish of his bounties, favors,
praises, etc. Prodigal is stronger still, denoting unmeasured or
reckless profusion; as, prodigal of one's strength, life, or blood,
to secure some object. Dryden.

PROFUSE
Pro*fuse", v. t.

Defn: To pour out; to give or spend liberally; to lavish; to
squander. [Obs.] Chapman.

PROFUSELY
Pro*fuse"ly, adv.

Defn: In a profuse manner.

PROFUSENESS
Pro*fuse"ness, n.

Defn: Extravagance; profusion.
Hospitality sometimes degenerates into profuseness. Atterbury.

PROFUSION
Pro*fu"sion, n. Etym: [L. profusio: cf. F. profusion.]

1. The act of one who is profuse; a lavishing or pouring out without
sting.
Thy vast profusion to the factious nobles Rowe.

2. Abundance; exuberant plenty; lavish supply; as, a profusion of
commodities. Addison.

PROFUSIVE
Pro*fu"sive, a.

Defn: Profuse; lavish; prodigal.[Obs.]

PROG
Prog, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Progged (. p. pr. & vb. n. Progging.] Etym:
[Cf. D. prachen, G. prachern, Dan. prakke, Sw. pracka, to beg, L.
procare, procari, to ask, demand, and E. prowl.]

1. To wander about and beg; to seek food or other supplies by low
arts; to seek for advantage by mean shift or tricks. [Low]
A perfect artist in progging for money. Fuller.
I have been endeavoring to prog for you. Burke.

2. To steal; to rob; to filch. [Low] Johnson.

3. To prick; to goad; to progue. [Scot.]

PROG
Prog, n.

1. Victuals got by begging, or vagrancy; victuals of any kind; food;
supplies. [Slang] Swift.
So long as he picked from the filth his prog. R. Browning.

2. A vagrant beggar; a tramp. [Slang]

3. A goal; progue. [Scot.]

PROGENERATE
Pro*gen"er*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. progeneratus, p. p. of progenerare to
beget; pro forth, forward + generare to generate.]

Defn: To beget; to generate; to produce; to procreate; as, to
progenerate a race. [R.] Landor.

PROGENERATION
Pro*gen`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. progeneratio.]

Defn: The act of begetting; propagation. [R.]

PROGENITOR
Pro*gen"i*tor, n. Etym: [OF. progeniteur, L. progenitor, fr.
progignere, progenitum, to bring forth, to beget; pro forth + gignere
to beget. See Gender kind.]

Defn: An ancestor in the direct line; a forefather.
And reverence thee their great progenitor. Milton.

PROGENITORSHIP
Pro*gen"i*tor*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a progenitor.

PROGENITRESS
Pro*gen"i*tress, n.

Defn: A female progenitor.

PROGENITURE
Pro*gen"i*ture, n. Etym: [F. progéniture.]

Defn: A begetting, or birth. [R.]

PROGENY
Prog"e*ny, n. Etym: [OE. progenie, F. progénie, fr. L. progenies, fr.
progignere. See Progenitor.]

Defn: Descendants of the human kind, or offspring of other animals;
children; offspring; race, lineage. " Issued from the progeny of
kings." Shak.

PROGLOTTID
Pro*glot"tid, n. (Zoöl)

Defn: Proglottis.

PROGLOTTIS
Pro*glot"tis, n.; pl. Proglottides. Etym: [NL. fr. Gr. (Zoöl)

Defn: One of the free, or nearly free, segments of a tapeworm. It
contains both male and female reproductive organs, and is capable of
a brief independent existence.

PROGNATHI
Prog"na*thi, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Prognathous.] (Zoöl)

Defn: A comprehensive group of mankind, including those that have
prognathous jaws.

PROGNATHIC
Prog*nath"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Prognathous.

PROGNATHISM
Prog"na*thism, n. (Anat.)

Defn: Projection of the jaws.
 -- Prog"na*thy, n.

PROGNATHOUS
Prog"na*thous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the jaws projecting beyond the upper part of the face; -
- opposed to orthognathous. See Gnathic index, under Gnathic.
Their countenances had the true prognathous character. Kane.

PROGNE
Prog"ne, n. Etym: [L., a swallow, traditionally said to be fr. Progne
(The sister of Philomela), who was changed into a swallow, Gr.
(Zoöl.)
(a) A swallow.
(b) A genus of swallows including the purple martin. See Martin.
(c) An American butterfly (Polygonia, or Vanessa, Progne). It is
orange and black above, grayish beneath, with an L-shaped silver mark
on the hind wings. Called also gray comma.

PROGNOSIS
Prog*no"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Know.] (Med.)

Defn: The act or art of foretelling the course and termination of a
disease; also, the outlook afforded by this act of judgment; as, the
prognosis of hydrophobia is bad.

PROGNOSTIC
Prog*nos"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. Prognosis.]

Defn: Indicating something future by signs or symptoms; foreshowing;
aiding in prognosis; as, the prognostic symptoms of a disease;
prognostic signs.

PROGNOSTIC
Prog*nos"tic, n. Etym: [L. prognosticum, Gr. pronostic, prognostic.
See Prognostic, a.]

1. That which prognosticates; a sign by which a future event may be
known or foretold; an indication; a sign or omen; hence, a
foretelling; a prediction.
That choice would inevitably be considered by the country as a
prognostic of the highest import. Macaulay.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A sign or symptom indicating the course and termination of a
disease. Parr.

Syn.
 -- Sign; omen; presage; token; indication.

PROGNOSTIC
Prog*nos"tic, v. t.

Defn: To prognosticate. [Obs.]

PROGNOSTICABLE
Prog*nos"tic*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being prognosticated or foretold. Sir T. Browne.

PROGNOSTICATE
Prog*nos"ti*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prognosticated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prognosticating.] Etym: [See Prognostic.]

Defn: To indicate as future; to foretell from signs or symptoms; to
prophesy; to foreshow; to predict; as, to prognosticate evil. Burke.
I neither will nor can prognosticate To the young gaping heir his
father's fate. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To foreshow; foretoken; betoken; forebode; presage; predict;
prophesy.

PROGNOSTICATION
Prog*nos`ti*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. prognostication.]

1. The act of foreshowing or foretelling something future by present
signs; prediction.

2. That which foreshows; a foretoken. Shak.

PROGNOSTICATOR
Prog*nos"ti*ca`tor, n.

Defn: One who prognosticates; a foreknower or foreteller of a future
course or event by present signs. Isa. xlvii. 13.

PROGRAM
Pro"gram, n.

Defn: Same as Programme.

PROGRAMMA
Pro*gram"ma, n.; pl. Programmata. Etym: [ L. See Programme.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: Any law, which, after it had passed the Athenian senate, was
fixed on a tablet for public inspection previously to its being
proposed to the general assembly of the people.

2. An edict published for public information; an official bulletin; a
public proclamation.

3. See Programme.

4. A preface. [Obs.] T. Warton.

PROGRAMME
Pro"gramme, n. Etym: [L. programma a public proclamation, manifesto,
Gr. programme. See Graphic.]

Defn: That which is written or printed as a public notice or
advertisement; a scheme; a prospectus; especially, a brief outline or
explanation of the order to be pursued, or the subjects embraced, in
any public exercise, performance, or entertainment; a preliminary
sketch. Programme music (Mus.), descriptive instrumental music which
requires an argument or programme to explain the meaning of its
several movements.

PROGRESS
Prog"ress, n. Etym: [L. progressus, from progredi, p. p. progressus,
to go forth or forward; pro forward + gradi to step, go: cf. F.
progrès. See Grade.]

1. A moving or going forward; a proceeding onward; an advance;
specifically:
(a) In actual space, as the progress of a ship, carriage, etc.
(b) In the growth of an animal or plant; increase.
(c) In business of any kind; as, the progress of a negotiation; the
progress of art.
(d) In knowledge; in proficiency; as, the progress of a child at
school.
(e) Toward ideal completeness or perfection in respect of quality or
condition; -- applied to individuals, communities, or the race; as,
social, moral, religious, or political progress.

2. A journey of state; a circuit; especially, one made by a sovereign
through parts of his own dominions.
The king being returned from his progresse. Evelyn.

PROGRESS
Pro*gress" (; formerly pronounced like Progress, n.), v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Progressed; p. pr. & vb. n. Progressing.]

1. To make progress; to move forward in space; to continue onward in
course; to proceed; to advance; to go on; as, railroads are
progressing. "As his recovery progressed." Thackeray.
Let me wipe off this honorable dew, That silverly doth progress on
thy checks. Shak.
They progress in that style in proportion as their pieces are treated
with contempt. Washington.
The war had progressed for some time. Marshall.

2. To make improvement; to advance. Bayard.
If man progresses, art must progress too. Caird.

PROGRESS
Prog"ress (; see Progress, v. i.), v. t.

Defn: To make progress in; to pass through. [Obs.] Milton.

PROGRESSION
Pro*gres"sion, n. Etym: [L. progressio: cf. F. progression.]

1. The act of moving forward; a proceeding in a course; motion
onward.

2. Course; passage; lapse or process of time.
I hope, in a short progression, you will be wholly immerged in the
delices and joys of religion. Evelyn.

3. (Math.)

Defn: Regular or proportional advance in increase or decrease of
numbers; continued proportion, arithmetical, geometrical, or
harmonic.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A regular succession of tones or chords; the movement of the
parts in harmony; the order of the modulations in a piece from key to
key. Arithmetical progression, a progression in which the terms
increase or decrease by equal differences, as the numbers 2, 4, 6, 8,
1010, 8, 6, 4, 2 -- Geometrical progression, a progression in which
the terms increase or decrease by equal ratios, as the numbers 2, 4,
8, 16, 32, 6464, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2 -- Harmonic progression, a
progression in which the terms are the reciprocals of quantities in
arithmetical progression, as

PROGRESSIONAL
Pro*gres"sion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to progression; tending to, or capable of,
progress.

PROGRESSIONIST
Pro*gres"sion*ist, n.

1. One who holds to a belief in the progression of society toward
perfection.

2. One who maintains the doctrine of progression in organic forms; --
opposed to uniformitarian. H. Spencer.

PROGRESSIST
Prog"ress*ist, n.

Defn: One who makes, or holds to, progress; a progressionist.

PROGRESSIVE
Pro*gress"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. progressif.]

1. Moving forward; proceeding onward; advancing; evincing progress;
increasing; as, progressive motion or course; -- opposed to
retrograde.

2. Improving; as, art is in a progressive state. Progressive euchre
or whist, a way of playing at card parties, by which after every
game, the losers at the first table go to the last table, and the
winners at all the tables, except the first, move up to the next
table.
 -- Progressive muscular atrophy (Med.), a nervous disorder
characterized by continuous atrophy of the muscles.
 -- Pro*gress"ive*ly, adv.
 -- Pro*gress"ive*ness, n.

PROGRESSIVE PARTY
Progressive party. (U. S. Politics)

Defn: The political party formed, chiefly out of the Republican
party, by the adherents of Theodore Roosevelt in the presidential
campaign of 1912. The name Progressive party was chosen at the
meeting held on Aug. 7, 1912, when the candidates were nominated and
the platform adopted.  Among the chief articles in the platform are
those demanding direct primaries, preferential primaries for
presidential nominations, direct election of United States senators,
women's suffrage, and recall of judicial decisions in certain cases.

PROGUE
Progue, v. i.

Defn: To prog. [Obs.] P. Fletcher.

PROGUE
Progue, n.

Defn: A sharp point; a goad. [ Scot. & Local, U. S.] -- v. t.

Defn: To prick; to goad. [ Scot. & Local, U. S.].

PROHEME
Pro"heme, n.

Defn: Proem. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PROHIBIT
Pro*hib"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prohibited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prohibiting.] Etym: [L. prohibitus, p. p. of prohibere to prohibit;
pro before, forth + habere to have, hold. See Habit.]

1. To forbid by authority; to interdict; as, God prohibited Adam from
eating of the fruit of a certain tree; we prohibit a person from
doing a thing, and also the doing of the thing; as, the law prohibits
men from stealing, or it prohibits stealing.

Note: Prohibit was formerly followed by to with the infinitive, but
is now commonly followed by from with the verbal noun in -ing.

2. To hinder; to debar; to prevent; to preclude.
Gates of burning adamant, Barred over us, prohibit all egress.
Milton.

Syn.
 -- To forbid; interdict; debar; prevent; hinder.
 -- Prohibit, Forbid. To forbid is Anglo-Saxon, and is more familiar;
to prohibit is Latin, and is more formal or official. A parent
forbids his child to be out late at night; he prohibits his
intercourse with the profane and vicious.

PROHIBITER
Pro*hib"it*er, n.

Defn: One who prohibits or forbids; a forbidder; an interdicter.

PROHIBITION
Pro`hi*bi"tion, n. Etym: [L. prohibitio: cf. F. prohibition.]

1. The act of prohibiting; a declaration or injunction forbidding
some action; interdict.
The law of God, in the ten commandments, consists mostly of
prohibitions. Tillotson.

2. Specifically, the forbidding by law of the sale of alcoholic
liquors as beverages. Writ of prohibition (Law), a writ issued by a
superior tribunal, directed to an inferior court, commanding the
latter to cease from the prosecution of a suit depending before it.
Blackstone.

Note: By ellipsis, prohibition is used for the writ itself.

PROHIBITIONIST
Pro`hi*bi"tion*ist, n.

1. One who favors prohibitory duties on foreign goods in commerce; a
protectionist.

2. One who favors the prohibition of the sale (or of the sale and
manufacture) of alcoholic liquors as beverages.

PROHIBITIVE
Pro*hib"it*ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. prohibitif.]

Defn: That prohibits; prohibitory; as, a tax whose effect is
prohibitive.

PROHIBITORY
Pro*hib"it*o*ry, a. Etym: [L. prohibitorius.]

Defn: Tending to prohibit, forbid, or exclude; implying prohibition;
forbidding; as, a prohibitory law; a prohibitory price. Prohibitory
index. (R. C. Ch.) See under Index.

PROIN
Proin (proin), v. t. Etym: [See Prune to trim.]

Defn: To lop; to trim; to prune; to adorn. [Obs.] Chaucer.
The sprigs that did about it grow He proined from the leafy arms.
Chapman.

PROIN
Proin, v. i.

Defn: To employed in pruning. [Obs.]

PROJECT
Proj"ect, n. Etym: [OF. project, F. projet, fr. L. projectus, p. p.
of projicere to project; pro forward + jacere to throw. See Jet a
shooting forth, and cf. Projet.]

1. The place from which a thing projects, or starts forth. [Obs.]
Holland.

2. That which is projected or designed; something intended or
devised; a scheme; a design; a plan.
Vented much policy, and projects deep. Milton.
Projects of happiness devised by human reason. Rogers.
He entered into the project with his customary ardor. Prescott.

3. An idle scheme; an impracticable design; as, a man given to
projects.

Syn.
 -- Design; scheme; plan; purpose.
 -- Project, Design. A project is something of a practical nature
thrown out for consideration as to its being done. A design is a
project when matured and settled, as a thing to be accomplished. An
ingenious man has many projects, but, if governed by sound sense,
will be slow in forming them into designs. See also Scheme.

PROJECT
Pro*ject", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Projected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Projecting.] Etym: [Cf. OF. projecter, F. projeter.]

1. To throw or cast forward; to shoot forth.
Before his feet herself she did project. Spenser.
Behold! th' ascending villas on my side Project long shadows o'er the
crystal tide. Pope.

2. To cast forward or revolve in the mind; to contrive; to devise; to
scheme; as, to project a plan.
What sit then projecting peace and war Milton.

3. (Persp.)

Defn: To draw or exhibit, as the form of anything; to delineate; as,
to project a sphere, a map, an ellipse, and the like; -- sometimes
with on, upon, into, etc.; as, to project a line or point upon a
plane. See Projection, 4.

PROJECT
Pro*ject", v. i.

1. To shoot forward; to extend beyond something else; to be
prominent; to jut; as, the cornice projects; branches project from
the tree.

2. To form a project; to scheme. [R.] Fuller.

PROJECTILE
Pro*ject"ile, a. Etym: [Cf. F. projectile.]

1. Projecting or impelling forward; as, a projectile force.

2. Caused or imparted by impulse or projection; impelled forward; as,
projectile motion. Arbuthnot.

PROJECTILE
Pro*ject"ile, n. Etym: [Cf. F. projectile.]

1. A body projected, or impelled forward, by force; especially, a
missile adapted to be shot from a firearm.

2. pl. (Mech.)

Defn: A part of mechanics which treats of the motion, range, time of
flight, etc., of bodies thrown or driven through the air by an
impelling force.

PROJECTION
Pro*jec"tion, n. Etym: [L. projectio: cf. F. projection.]

1. The act of throwing or shooting forward.

2. A jutting out; also, a part jutting out, as of a building; an
extension beyond something else.

3. The act of scheming or planning; also, that which is planned;
contrivance; design; plan. Davenant.

4. (Persp.)

Defn: The representation of something; delineation; plan; especially,
the representation of any object on a perspective plane, or such a
delineation as would result were the chief points of the object
thrown forward upon the plane, each in the direction of a line drawn
through it from a given point of sight, or central point; as, the
projection of a sphere. The several kinds of projection differ
according to the assumed point of sight and plane of projection in
each.

5. (Geog.)

Defn: Any method of representing the surface of the earth upon a
plane. Conical projection, a mode of representing the sphere, the
spherical surface being projected upon the surface of a cone tangent
to the sphere, the point of sight being at the center of the sphere.
 -- Cylindric projection, a mode of representing the sphere, the
spherical surface being projected upon the surface of a cylinder
touching the sphere, the point of sight being at the center of the
sphere.
 -- Globular, Gnomonic, Orthographic, projection,etc. See under
Globular, Gnomonic, etc.
 -- Mercator's projection, a mode of representing the sphere in which
the meridians are drawn parallel to each other, and the parallels of
latitude are straight lines whose distance from each other increases
with their distance from the equator, so that at all places the
degrees of latitude and longitude have to each other the same ratio
as on the sphere itself.
 -- Oblique projection, a projection made by parallel lines drawn
from every point of a figure and meeting the plane of projection
obliquely.
 -- Polar projection, a projection of the sphere in which the point
of sight is at the center, and the plane of projection passes through
one of the polar circles.
 -- Powder of projection (Alchemy.), a certain powder cast into a
crucible or other vessel containing prepared metal or other matter
which is to be thereby transmuted into gold.
 -- Projection of a point on a plane (Descriptive Geom.), the foot of
a perpendicular to the plane drawn through the point.
 -- Projection of a straight line of a plane, the straight line of
the plane connecting the feet of the perpendiculars let fall from the
extremities of the given line.

Syn.
 -- See Protuberance.

PROJECTMENT
Pro*ject"ment, n.

Defn: Design; contrivance; projection. [Obs.] Clarendon.

PROJECTOR
Pro*ject"or, n. Etym: [Cf. F. projeteur.]

Defn: One who projects a scheme or design; hence, one who forms
fanciful or chimerical schemes. L'Estrange.

PROJECTURE
Pro*jec"ture, n. Etym: [L. projectura: cf. F. projecture.]

Defn: A jutting out beyond a surface.

PROJET
Pro`jet", n. Etym: [F. See Project, n.]

Defn: A plan proposed; a draft of a proposed measure; a project.

PROKE
Proke, v. i.

Defn: To poke; to thrust. [Obs.] Holland.

PROLAPSE
Pro*lapse", n. Etym: [L. prolapsus, fr. prolapsus, p. p. of prolabi
to fall forward; pro forward + labi to glide, fall.] (Med.)

Defn: The falling down of a part through the orifice with which it is
naturally connected, especially of the uterus or the rectum.
Dunglison.

PROLAPSE
Pro*lapse", v. i.

Defn: To fall down or out; to protrude.

PROLAPSION
Pro*lap"sion, n. Etym: [L. prolapsio.] (Med.)

Defn: Prolapse. [ Written also prolaption.] [Obs.]

PROLAPSUS
Pro*lap"sus, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: Prolapse.

PROLATE
Pro"late, a. Etym: [L. prolatus, used as p. p. of proferre to bring
forth, to extend; pro + latus, p. p. See Pro-, and Tolerate. ]

Defn: Stretched out; extended; especially, elongated in the direction
of a line joining the poles; as, a prolate spheroid; -- opposed to
oblate. Prolate cycloid. See the Note under Cycloid.
 -- Prolate ellipsoid or spheroid (Geom.), a figure generated by the
revolution of an ellipse about its major axis. See Ellipsoid of
revolution, under Ellipsoid.

PROLATE
Pro*late", v. t.

Defn: To utter; to pronounce. [Obs.] "Foun-der-ed; prolate it right."
B. Jonson.

PROLATION
Pro*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. prolatio: cf. F. prolation.]

1. The act of prolating or pronouncing; utterance; pronunciation.
[Obs.] Ray.

2. The act of deferring; delay. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A mediæval method of determining of the proportionate duration
of semibreves and minims. Busby.

PROLATUM
Pro*la"tum, n.; pl. Prolata. Etym: [ NL. See Prolate.] (Geom.)

Defn: A prolate spheroid. See Ellipsoid of revolution, under
Ellipsoid.

PROLEG
Pro"leg, n. Etym: [Pref. pro- for, in place of + leg.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the fleshy legs found on the abdominal segments of the
larvæ of Lepidoptera, sawflies, and some other insects. Those of
Lepidoptera have a circle of hooks. Called also proped, propleg, and
falseleg.

PROLEGATE
Pro"leg`ate (; 48), n. Etym: [L. prolegatus; pro for + legatus
legate.] (Rom. Hist.)

Defn: The deputy or substitute for a legate.

PROLEGOMENARY
Prol`e*gom"e*na*ry, a.

Defn: Of the nature of a prolegomenon; preliminary; introductory;
prefatory.

PROLEGOMENON
Prol`e*gom"e*non, n.; pl. Prolegomena. Etym: [ NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A preliminary remark or observation; an introductory discourse
prefixed to a book or treatise. D. Stokes (1659). Sir W. Scott.

PROLEPSIS
Pro*lep"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Rhet.)
(a) A figure by which objections are anticipated or prevented. Abp.
Bramhall.
(b) A necessary truth or assumption; a first or assumed principle.

2. (Chron.)

Defn: An error in chronology, consisting in an event being dated
before the actual time.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: The application of an adjective to a noun in anticipation, or
to denote the result, of the action of the verb; as, to strike one
dumb.

PROLEPTIC; PROLEPTICAL
Pro*lep"tic, Pro*lep"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. proleptique.]

1. Of or pertaining to prolepsis; anticipative. "A far-seeing or
proleptic wisdom." De Quincey.

2. Previous; antecedent. Glanvill.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Anticipating the usual time; -- applied to a periodical disease
whose paroxysms return at an earlier hour at every repetition.

PROLEPTICALLY
Pro*lep"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a proleptical manner.

PROLEPTICS
Pro*lep"tics, n. (Med.)

Defn: The art and science of predicting in medicine. Laycock.

PROLETAIRE
Pro`lé`taire", n. Etym: [F. See Proletary.]

Defn: One of the common people; a low person; also, the common people
as a class or estate in a country.

PROLETANEOUS
Prol`e*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. proletaneus.]

Defn: Having a numerous offspring. [R.]

PROLETARIAN
Prol`e*ta"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. proletarius. See Proletary.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the proletaries; belonging to the
commonalty; hence, mean; vile; vulgar. "Every citizen, if he were not
a proletarian animal kept at the public cost." De Quincey.
 -- n.

Defn: A proletary.

PROLETARIAT
Prol`e*ta"ri*at, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The indigent class in the State; the body of proletarians.

PROLETARIATE
Prol`e*ta"ri*ate, n.

Defn: The lower classes; beggars. "The Italian proletariate." J. A.
Symonds.

PROLETARY
Prol"e*ta*ry, n.; pl. Proletaries. Etym: [ L. proletarius, fr. proles
offspring. Cf. Prolétaire.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A citizen of the lowest class, who served the state, not with
property, but only by having children; hence, a common person.

PROLICIDE
Prol"i*cide, n. Etym: [L. proles offspring + caedere to kill.]

Defn: The crime of destroying one's offspring, either in the womb or
after birth. Bouvier.

PROLIFERATE
Pro*lif"er*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. proles offspring + ferre to bear.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: To produce or form cells; especially, to produce cells rapidly.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: To produce zooids by budding.

PROLIFERATION
Pro*lif`er*a"tion, n.

1. (Biol.)

Defn: The continuous development of cells in tissue formation; cell
formation. Virchow.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The production of numerous zooids by budding, especially when
buds arise from other buds in succession.

PROLIFEROUS
Pro*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. proles offspring + -ferous.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing offspring; -- applied to a flower from within which
another is produced, or to a branch or frond from which another
rises, or to a plant which is reproduced by buds or gemmæ.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) Producing young by budding.
(b) Producing sexual zooids by budding; -- said of the blastostyle of
a hydroid.
(c) Producing a cluster of branchlets from a larger branch; -- said
of corals. Proliferous cyst (Med.), a cyst that produces highly-
organized or even vascular structures. Paget.
 -- Pro*lif"er*ous*ly, adv.

PROLIFIC
Pro*lif"ic, a. Etym: [F. prolifique, fr. L. proles offspring (from
pro for, forward + the root of alere to nourish) + facere to make.
See Adult, Old, and Fact.]

1. Having the quality of generating; producing young or fruit;
generative; fruitful; productive; -- applied to plants producing
fruit, animals producing young, etc.; -- usually with the implied
idea of frequent or numerous production; as, a prolific tree, female,
and the like.

2. Serving to produce; fruitful of results; active; as, a prolific
brain; a controversy prolific of evil.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Proliferous.

PROLIFICACY
Pro*lif"ic*a*cy, n.

Defn: Prolificness. [R.]

PROLIFICAL
Pro*lif"ic*al, a.

Defn: Producing young or fruit abundantly; fruitful; prolific.
 -- Pro*lif"ic*al*ly, adv.

PROLIFICATE
Pro*lif"ic*ate, v. t. Etym: [See Prolific.]

Defn: To make prolific; to fertilize; to impregnate. Sir T. Browne.

PROLIFICATION
Pro*lif`i*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. prolification, LL. prolificatio.]

1. The generation of young.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Reproduction by the growth of a plant, or part of a plant,
directly from an older one, or by gemmæ.

PROLIFICNESS
Pro*lif"ic*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being prolific; fruitfulness;
prolificacy.

PROLIX
Pro*lix", a. Etym: [L. prolixus extended, long, prolix, probably fr.
pro before, forward + liqui to flow, akin to liquidus liquid; cf. OL.
lixa water: cf. F. prolixe. See Liquid.]

1. Extending to a great length; unnecessarily long; minute in
narration or argument; excessively particular in detail; -- rarely
used except with reference to discourse written or spoken; as, a
prolix oration; a prolix poem; a prolix sermon.
With wig prolix, down flowing to his waist. Cowper.

2. Indulging in protracted discourse; tedious; wearisome; -- applied
to a speaker or writer.

Syn.
 -- Long; diffuse; prolonged; protracted; tedious; tiresome;
wearisome.
 -- Prolix, Diffuse. A prolix writer delights in circumlocution,
extended detail, and trifling particulars. A diffuse writer is fond
of amplifying, and abounds in epithets, figures, and illustrations.
Diffuseness often arises from an exuberance of imagination; prolixity
is generally connected with a want of it.

PROLIXIOUS
Pro*lix"ious, a.

Defn: Dilatory; tedious; superfluous. [Obs.] "Lay by all nicety, and
prolixious blushes." Shak.

PROLIXITY
Pro*lix"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. prolixitas: cf. F. prolixité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being prolix; great length; minute
detail; as, prolixity in discourses and writings. "For fulsomeness of
his prolixitee." Chaucer.
Idly running on with vain prolixity. Drayton.

PROLIXLY
Pro*lix"ly, adv.

Defn: In a prolix manner. Dryden.

PROLIXNESS
Pro*lix"ness, n.

Defn: Prolixity. Adam Smith.

PROLL
Proll, v. t. Etym: [See Prowl.] [imp. & p. p. Prolled (; p. pr. & vb.
n. Prolling.]

Defn: To search or prowl after; to rob; to plunder. [Obs.] Barrow.

PROLL
Proll, v. i.

Defn: To prowl about; to rob. [Obs.] South.
Though ye prolle aye, ye shall it never find. Chaucer.

PROLLER
Proll"er, n.

Defn: Prowler; thief. [Obs.] Chapman.

PROLOCUTOR
Prol`o*cu"tor, n. Etym: [L., from proloqui, p. p. prolocutus, to
speak out; pro for + loqui to speak.]

1. One who speaks for another. Jeffrey.

2. The presiding officer of a convocation. Macaulay.

PROLOCUTORSHIP
Pro`lo*cu"tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a prolocutor.

PROLOG
Pro"log, n. & v.

Defn: Prologue.

PROLOGIZE
Pro"lo*gize, v. i. Etym: [Gr. Prologue.]

Defn: To deliver a Prologue. [R.] Whewell.

PROLOGIZER
Pro"lo*gi`zer, n.

Defn: One who prologizes. [R.]

PROLOGUE
Pro"logue, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. prologus, fr. Gr. Logic.]

1. The preface or introduction to a discourse, poem, or performance;
as, the prologue of Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales;" esp., a discourse
or poem spoken before a dramatic performance

2. One who delivers a prologue. [R.] Shak.

PROLOGUE
Pro"logue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prologued; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prologuing.]

Defn: To introduce with a formal preface, or prologue. [R.] Shak.

PROLONG
Pro*long", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prolonged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prolonging.] Etym: [F. prolonger, L. prolongare; pro before, forth +
longus long. See Long, a., and cf. Prolongate, Purloin. ]

1. To extend in space or length; as, to prolong a line.

2. To lengthen in time; to extend the duration of; to draw out; to
continue; as, to prolong one's days.
Prolong awhile the traitor's life. Shak.
The unhappy queen with talk prolonged the night. Dryden.

3. To put off to a distant time; to postpone. Shak.

PROLONGABLE
Pro*long"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being prolonged; as, life is prolongable by care.
Each syllable being a prolongable quantity. Rush.

PROLONGATE
Pro*lon"gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prolongated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prolongating.] Etym: [L. prolongatus, p. p. of prolongare. See
Prolong.]

Defn: To prolong; to extend in space or in time. [R.]

PROLONGATION
Pro`lon*ga"tion, n. Etym: [F. prolongation.]

1. The act of lengthening in space or in time; extension;
protraction. Bacon.

2. That which forms an additional length.

PROLONGE
Pro*longe", n. Etym: [F. See Prolong.] (Field Artillery)

Defn: A rope with a hook and a toggle, sometimes used to drag a gun
carriage or to lash it to the limber, and for various other purposes.

PROLONGER
Pro*long"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, causes an extension in time or space.

PROLONGMENT
Pro*long"ment, n.

Defn: Prolongation.

PROLUSION
Pro*lu"sion, n. Etym: [L. prolusio, fr. proludere to prelude; pro
before + ludere to play: cf. F. prolusion, It. prolusione.]

Defn: A trial before the principal performance; a prelude; hence, an
introductory essay or exercise. "Domestic prolusions." Thackeray.
Her presence was in some measure a restraint on the worthy divine,
whose prolusion lasted. Sir W. Scott.

PROMANATION
Prom`a*na"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. pro- + L. manatio a flowing, fr.
manare to flow.]

Defn: The act of flowing forth; emanation; efflux. [Obs.] Dr. H.
More.

PROMENADE
Prom`e*nade", n. Etym: [F. (with a foreign suffix), from promener to
lead, take for a walk, se promener to walk, from L. prominare to
drive forward or along; pro forward + minare to drive animals. See
Amenable, Menace.]

1. A walk for pleasure, display, or exercise. Burke.

2. A place for walking; a public walk. Bp. Montagu.

PROMENADE
Prom`e*nade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Promenaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Promenading.]

Defn: To walk for pleasure, display, or exercise.

PROMENADER
Prom`e*nad"er, n.

Defn: One who promenades.

PROMERIT
Pro*mer"it, v. t. Etym: [L. promeritus, p. p. of promerere to
deserve; pro before + merere to merit.]

1. To oblige; to confer a favor on. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

2. To deserve; to procure by merit. [Obs.] Davenant.

PROMEROPS
Prom"e*rops, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of very brilliant birds belonging to
Promerops, Epimarchus, and allied genera, closely related to the
paradise birds, and mostly native of New Guinea. They have a long
curved beak and a long graduated tail.

PROMETHEA
Pro*me"the*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Prometheus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large American bombycid moth (Callosamia promethea). Its
larva feeds on the sassafras, wild cherry, and other trees, and
suspends its cocoon from a branch by a silken band.

PROMETHEAN
Pro*me"the*an, a. Etym: [L. Promethus: cf. F. prométhéen.]

1. Of or pertaining to Prometheus. See Prometheus. "Promethean fire."
Shak.

2. Having a life-giving quality; inspiring.

PROMETHEAN
Pro*me"the*an, n. (Old Chem.)
(a) An apparatus for automatic ignition.
(b) A kind of lucifer match.

PROMETHEUS
Pro*me"the*us, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The son of Iapetus (one of the Titans) and Clymene, fabled by
the poets to have surpassed all mankind in knowledge, and to have
formed men of clay to whom he gave life by means of fire stolen from
heaven. Jupiter, being angry at this, sent Mercury to bind Prometheus
to Mount Caucasus, where a vulture preyed upon his liver.

PROMINENCE; PROMINENCY
Prom"i*nence, Prom"i*nen*cy, n. Etym: [L. prominentia: cf. F.
prominence. See Prominent. ]

1. The quality or state of being prominent; a standing out from
something; conspicuousness.

2. That which is prominent; a protuberance. Solar prominences.
(Astron.) See Solar Protuberances, under Protuberance.

PROMINENT
Prom"i*nent, a. Etym: [L. prominens, -entis, p. pr. of prominere to
jut out, to project; pro before, forward + minere (in comp.) to jut,
project: cf. F. prominent. See Imminent, Eminent.]

1. Standing out, or projecting, beyond the line surface of something;
jutting; protuberant; in high relief; as, a prominent figure on a
vase.

2. Hence; Distinctly manifest; likely to attract attention from its
size or position; conspicuous; as, a prominent feature of the face; a
prominent building.

3. Eminent; distinguished above others; as, a prominent character.
Prominent' moth (Zoöl.), any moth of the family Notodontidæ; a
notodontian; -- so called because the larva has a hump or prominence
on its back. Several of the species are injurious to fruit trees.

PROMINENTLY
Prom"i*nent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a prominent manner.

PROMISCUITY
Pro`mis*cu"i*ty, n.

Defn: Promiscuousness; confusion. H. Spencer.

PROMISCUOUS
Pro*mis"cu*ous, a. Etym: [L. promiscuus; pro before, in place of, for
+ miscere to mix. See Mix. ]

1. Consisting of individuals united in a body or mass without order;
mingled; confused; undistinguished; as, a promiscuous crowd or mass.
A wild, where weeds and flowers promiscuous shoot. Pope.

2. Distributed or applied without order or discrimination; not
restricted to an individual; common; indiscriminate; as, promiscuous
love or intercourse.

PROMISCUOUSLY
Pro*mis"cu*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a promiscuous manner.

PROMISCUOUSNESS
Pro*mis"cu*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being promiscuous.

PROMISE
Prom"ise, a. Etym: [F. promesse, L. promissum, fr. promittere,
promissum, to put forth, foretell, promise; pro forward, for +
mittere to send. See Mission. ]

1. In general, a declaration, written or verbal, made by one person
to another, which binds the person who makes it to do, or to forbear
to do, a specified act; a declaration which gives to the person to
whom it is made a right to expect or to claim the performance or
forbearance of a specified act.
For if the inheritance be of the law, it is no more of promise: but
God gave it to Abraham by promise. Gal. iii. 18.

2. (Law)

Defn: An engagement by one person to another, either in words or in
writing, but properly not under seal, for the performance or
nonperformance of some particular thing. The word promise is used to
denote the mere engagement of a person, without regard to the
consideration for it, or the corresponding duty of the party to whom
it is made. Chitty. Parsons. Burrill.

3. That which causes hope, expectation, or assurance; especially,
that which affords expectation of future distinction; as, a youth of
great promise. Shak.
My native country was full of youthful promise. W. Irving.

4. Bestowal, fulfillment, or grant of what is promised.
He . . . commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem,
but wait for the promise of the Father. Acts i. 4.

PROMISE
Prom"ise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Promised; p. pr. & vb. n. Promising.]

1. To engage to do, give, make, or to refrain from doing, giving, or
making, or the like; to covenant; to engage; as, to promise a visit;
to promise a cessation of hostilities; to promise the payment of
money. "To promise aid." Shak.

2. To afford reason to expect; to cause hope or assurance of; as, the
clouds promise rain. Milton.

3. To make declaration of or give assurance of, as some benefit to be
conferred; to pledge or engage to bestow; as, the proprietors
promised large tracts of land; the city promised a reward. Promised
land. See Land of promise, under Land.
 -- To promise one's self. (a) To resolve; to determine; to vow. (b)
To be assured; to have strong confidence.
I dare promise myself you will attest the truth of all I have
advanced. Rambler.

PROMISE
Prom"ise, v. i.

1. To give assurance by a promise, or binding declaration.

2. To afford hopes or expectation; to give ground to expect good;
rarely, to give reason to expect evil.
Will not the ladies be afeard of the lion I fear it, I promise you.
Shak.

PROMISEE
Prom`is*ee", n. (Law)

Defn: The person to whom a promise is made.

PROMISER
Prom"is*er, n.

Defn: One who promises.

PROMISING
Prom"is*ing, a.

Defn: Making a promise or promises; affording hope or assurance; as,
promising person; a promising day.
 -- Prom"is*ing*ly, adv.

PROMISOR
Prom"is*or, n. (Law)

Defn: One who engages or undertakes; a promiser. Burrill.

PROMISSIVE
Pro*mis"sive, a.

Defn: Making a promise; implying a promise; promising. [R.]

PROMISSORILY
Prom"is*so*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a promissory manner. Sir T. Browne.

PROMISSORY
Prom"is*so*ry, a.

Defn: Containing a promise or binding declaration of something to be
done or forborne. Promissory note (Law), a written promise to pay to
some person named, and at a time specified therein, or on demand, or
at sight, a certain sum of money, absolutely and at all events; --
frequently called a note of hand. Kent. Byles. Story.

PROMONT
Prom"ont, n.

Defn: Promontory. [R.] Drayton.

PROMONTORY
Prom"on*to*ry, n.; pl. Promontories. Etym: [ L. promonturium,
promunturium; pro before + mons, montis, mountain: cf. F.
promontoire. See Mount, n.]

1. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A high point of land or rock projecting into the sea beyond the
line of coast; a headland; a high cape.
Like one that stands upon a promontory. Shak.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A projecting part. Especially: (a) The projecting angle of the
ventral side of the sacrum where it joins the last lumbar vertebra.
(b) A prominence on the inner wall of the tympanum of the ear.

PROMORPHOLOGICAL
Pro*mor`pho*log"ic*al, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to promorphology; as, a promorphological conception.

PROMORPHOLOGIST
Pro`mor*phol"o*gist, n. (Biol.)

Defn: One versed in the science of promorphology.

PROMORPHOLOGY
Pro`mor*phol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Pref. pro- + morphology.] (Biol.)

Defn: Crystallography of organic forms; -- a division of morphology
created by Haeckel. It is essentially stereometric, and relates to a
mathematical conception of organic forms. See Tectology.

PROMOTE
Pro*mote", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Promoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Promoting.]
Etym: [L. promotus, p. p. of promovere to move forward, to promote;
pro forward + movere to move. See Move.]

1. To contribute to the growth, enlargement, or prosperity of (any
process or thing that is in course); to forward; to further; to
encourage; to advance; to excite; as, to promote learning; to promote
disorder; to promote a business venture. "Born to promote all truth."
Milton.

2. To exalt in station, rank, or honor; to elevate; to raise; to
prefer; to advance; as, to promote an officer.
I will promote thee unto very great honor. Num. xxii. 17.
Exalt her, and she shall promote thee. Prov. iv. 18.

Syn.
 -- To forward; advance; further; patronize; help; exalt; prefer;
elevate; dignify.

PROMOTE
Pro*mote", v. i.

Defn: To urge on or incite another, as to strife; also, to inform
against a person. [Obs.]

PROMOTER
Pro*mot"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, forwards, advances, or promotes; an
encourager; as, a promoter of charity or philosophy. Boyle.

2. Specifically, one who sets on foot, and takes the preliminary
steps in, a scheme for the organization of a corporation, a joint-
stock company, or the like.

3. One who excites; as, a promoter of sedition.

4. An informer; a makebate. [Obs.] Tusser.

PROMOTION
Pro*mo"tion, n. Etym: [L. promotio: cf. F. promotion.]

Defn: The act of promoting, advancing, or encouraging; the act of
exalting in rank or honor; also, the condition of being advanced,
encouraged, or exalted in honor; preferment. Milton.
Promotion cometh neither from the east, nor from the west, nor from
the south. Ps. lxxv. 6.

PROMOTIVE
Pro*mo"tive, a.

Defn: Tending to advance, promote, or encourage. Hume.

PROMOVE
Pro*move", v. t. Etym: [See Promote.]

Defn: To move forward; to advance; to promote. [Obs.] Bp. Fell.

PROMOVER
Pro*mov"er, n.

Defn: A promoter. [Obs.]

PROMPT
Prompt, a. [Compar. Prompter; superl. Promptest.] Etym: [F. prompt,
L. promptus, properly, brought forth (to light or view), hence,
visible, evident, at hand, ready, quick, -- p. p. of promere to take
or bring forth; pro forth + emere to take. See Redeem. ]

1. Ready and quick to act as occasion demands; meeting requirements
readily; not slow, dilatory, or hesitating in decision or action;
responding on the instant; immediate; as, prompt in obedience or
compliance; -- said of persons.
Very discerning and prompt in giving orders. Clarendon.
Tell him I am prompt To lay my crown at's feet. Shak.
Any you, perhaps, too prompt in your replies. Dryden.

2. Done or rendered quickly, readily, or immediately; given without
delay or hesitation; -- said of conduct; as, prompt assistance.
When Washington heard the voice of his country in distress, his
obedience was prompt. Ames.

3. Easy; unobstructed. [Obs.]
The reception of the light into the body of the building was very
prompt. Sir H. Wotton.

Syn.
 -- Ready; expeditious; quick; agile; alert; brisk; nimble.
 -- Prompt, Ready, Expeditious. One who is ready is prepared to act
at the moment. One who is prompt acts at the moment. One who is
expeditious carries through an undertaking with constant promptness.

PROMPT
Prompt, n. (Com.)

Defn: A limit of time given for payment of an account for produce
purchased, this limit varying with different goods. See Prompt-note.
To cover any probable difference of price which might arise before
the expiration of the prompt, which for this article [tea] is three
months. J. S. Mill.

PROMPT
Prompt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prompted; p. pr. & vb. n. Prompting.]

1. To assist or induce the action of; to move to action; to
instigate; to incite.
God first . . . prompted on the infirmities of the infant world by
temporal prosperity. Jer. Taylor.

2. To suggest; to dictate.
And whispering angles prompt her golden dreams. Pope.

3. To remind, as an actor or an orator, of words or topics forgotten.

PROMPT-BOOK
Prompt"-book` (, n.

Defn: The book used by a prompter of a theater.

PROMPTER
Prompt"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, prompts; one who admonishes or incites to
action.

2. One who reminds another, as an actor or an orator, of the words to
be spoken next; specifically, one employed for this purpose in a
theater.

PROMPTITUDE
Prompt"i*tude, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. promptitudo. See Prompt, a.]

Defn: The quality of being prompt; quickness of decision and action
when occasion demands; alacrity; as, promptitude in obedience.
Men of action, of promptitude, and of courage. I. Taylor.

PROMPTLY
Prompt"ly, adv.

Defn: In a prompt manner.

PROMPTNESS
Prompt"ness, n.

1. Promptitude; readiness; quickness of decision or action.

2. Cheerful willingness; alacrity.

PROMPT-NOTE
Prompt"-note`, n. (Com.)

Defn: A memorandum of a sale, and time when payment is due, given to
the purchaser at a sale of goods.

PROMPTUARY
Promp"tu*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to preparation. [R.] Bacon.

PROMPTUARY
Promp"tu*a*ry, n. Etym: [L. promptuarium, fr. promptuarius belonging
to distribution, distributing: cf, F. promptuaire. See Prompt, a.]

Defn: That from which supplies are drawn; a storehouse; a magazine; a
repository. Woodward.

PROMPTURE
Promp"ture, n. Etym: [See Prompt, a.]

Defn: Suggestion; incitement; prompting. [R.] Shak. Coleridge.

PROMULGATE
Pro*mul"gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Promulgated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Promulgating.] Etym: [L. promulgatus, p. p. of promulgare to
promulgate; of unknown origin. Cf. Promulge.]

Defn: To make known by open declaration, as laws, decrees, or
tidings; to publish; as, to promulgate the secrets of a council.

Syn.
 -- To publish; declare; proclaim. See Announce.

PROMULGATION
Pro`mul*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. promulgatio: cf. F. promulgation.]

Defn: The act of promulgating; publication; open declaration; as, the
promulgation of the gospel. South.

PROMULGATOR
Pro"mul*ga`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who promulgates or publishes. Dr. H. More.

PROMULGE
Pro*mulge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Promulged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Promulging.] Etym: [Cf. F. promulguer. See Promulgate.]

Defn: To promulgate; to publish or teach. Blackstone.
Extraordinary doctrines these for the age in which they were
promulged. Prescott.

PROMULGER
Pro*mul"ger, n.

Defn: One who promulges or publishes what was before unknown.
Atterbury.

PROMUSCIS
Pro*mus"cis, n. Etym: [L., corruption of proboscis.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The proboscis of hemipterous insects. See Illust. under
Hemiptera.

PRONAOS
Pro*na"os, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: The porch or vestibule of a temple.

PRONATE
Pro"nate, a. Etym: [L. pronatus, p. p. of pronare to bend forward.
See Prone.]

Defn: Somewhat prone; inclined; as, pronate trees. Kane.

PRONATION
Pro*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pronation.] (Physiol.)
(a) The act of turning the palm or palmar surface of the forefoot
downward.
(b) That motion of the forearm whereby the palm or palmar, surface is
turned downward.
(c) The position of the limb resulting from the act of pronation.
Opposed to supination.

PRONATOR
Pro*na"tor, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which produces pronation.

PRONE
Prone, a. Etym: [L. pronus, akin to Gr. pravana sloping, inclined,
and also to L. pro forward, for. See Pro-.]

1. Bending forward; inclined; not erect.
Towards him they bend With awful reverence prone. Milton.

2. Prostrate; flat; esp., lying with the face down; -- opposed to
supine.
Which, as the wind, Blew where it listed, laying all things prone.
Byron.

3. Headlong; running downward or headlong. "Down thither prone in
flight." Milton.

4. Sloping, with reference to a line or surface; declivous; inclined;
not level.
Since the floods demand, For their descent, a prone and sinking land.
Blackmore.

5. Inclined; propense; disposed; -- applied to the mind or
affections, usually in an ill sense. Followed by to. "Prone to
mischief." Shak.
Poets are nearly all prone to melancholy. Landor.

PRONELY
Prone"ly, adv.

Defn: In a prone manner or position.

PRONENESS
Prone"ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being prone, or of bending downward; as,
the proneness of beasts is opposed to the erectness of man.

2. The state of lying with the face down; -- opposed to supineness.

3. Descent; declivity; as, the proneness of a hill.

4. Inclination of mind, heart, or temper; propension; disposition;
as, proneness to self-gratification.

PRONEPHRIC
Pro*neph"ric, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pronephros.

PRONEPHROS; PRONEPHRON
Pro*neph"ros, Pro*neph"ron (, n. Etym: [ NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The head kidney. See under Head.

PRONG
Prong, n. Etym: [Cf. D. prangen to pinch, press, LG. prange a stick,
or W. procio to thrust, E. prowl, pang.]

1. A sharp-pointed instrument.
Prick it on a prong of iron. Sandys.

2. The tine of a fork, or of a similar instrument; as, a fork of two
or three prongs.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) A sharp projection, as of an antler.
(b) The fang of a tooth.

PRONGBUCK
Prong"buck`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The springbuck.
(b) The pronghorn.

PRONGED
Pronged, a.

Defn: Having prongs or projections like the tines of a fork; as, a
three-pronged fork.

PRONG-HOE
Prong"-hoe`, n.

Defn: A hoe with prongs to break the earth.

PRONGHORN
Prong"horn`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American antelope (Antilocapra Americana), native of the
plain near the Rocky Mountains. The upper parts are mostly yellowish
brown; the under parts, the sides of the head and throat, and the
buttocks, are white. The horny sheath of the horns is shed annually.
Called also cabrée, cabut, prongbuck, and pronghorned antelope.

PRONITY
Pro"ni*ty, n. Etym: [L. pronitas.]

Defn: Proneness; propensity. [R.] Dr. H. More.

PRONOMINAL
Pro*nom"i*nal, a. Etym: [L. pronominalis: cf. F. pronominal. See
Pronoun.]

Defn: Belonging to, or partaking of the nature of, a pronoun.

PRONOMINALIZE
Pro*nom"i*nal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To give the effect of a pronoun to; as, to pronominalize the
substantives person, people, etc. Early.

PRONOMINALLY
Pro*nom"i*nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pronominal manner

PRONONCE
Pro`non`cé", a. Etym: [F. See Pronounce.]

Defn: Strongly marked; decided, as in manners, etc.

PRONOTARY
Pro*no"ta*ry, n.

Defn: See Prothonotary.

PRONOTUM
Pro*no"tum, n.; pl. Pronota. Etym: [NL. See Pro-, and Notum.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dorsal plate of the prothorax in insects. See Illust. of
Coleoptera.

PRONOUN
Pro"noun, n. Etym: [Pref. pro- + noun: cf. F. pronom, L. pronomen.
See Noun.] (Gram.)

Defn: A word used instead of a noun or name, to avoid the repetition
of it. The personal pronouns in English are I, thou or you, he, she,
it, we, ye, and they.

PRONOUNCE
Pro*nounce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pronounced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pronounging.] Etym: [F. prononcer, L. pronunciare; pro before, forth
+ nunciare, nuntiare, to announce. See Announce.]

1. To utter articulately; to speak out or distinctly; to utter, as
words or syllables; to speak with the proper sound and accent as,
adults rarely learn to pronounce a foreign language correctly.

2. To utter officially or solemnly; to deliver, as a decree or
sentence; as, to pronounce sentence of death.
Sternly he pronounced The rigid interdiction. Milton.

3. To speak or utter rhetorically; to deliver; to recite; as, to
pronounce an oration.
Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pronounced it to you. Shak.

4. To declare or affirm; as, he pronounced the book to be a libel; he
pronounced the act to be a fraud.
The God who hallowed thee and blessed, Pronouncing thee all good.
Keble.

Syn.
 -- To deliver; utter; speak. See Deliver.

PRONOUNCE
Pro*nounce", v. i.

1. To give a pronunciation; to articulate; as, to pronounce
faultlessly. Earle.

2. To make declaration; to utter on opinion; to speak with
confidence. [R.] Dr. H. More.

PRONOUNCE
Pro*nounce", n.

Defn: Pronouncement; declaration; pronunciation. [Obs.] Milton.

PRONOUNCEABLE
Pro*nounce"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. L. pronunciabilis declarative.]

Defn: Capable of being pronounced.

PRONOUNCED
Pro*nounced", a. Etym: [F. prononcé.]

Defn: Strongly marked; unequivocal; decided.

Note: [A Gallicism]
[His] views became every day more pronounced. Thackeray.

PRONOUNCEMENT
Pro*nounce"ment, n.

Defn: The act of pronouncing; a declaration; a formal announcement.

PRONOUNCER
Pro*noun"cer, n.

Defn: One who pronounces, utters, or declares; also, a pronouncing
book.

PRONOUNCING
Pro*noun"cing, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or indicating, pronunciation; as, a pronouncing
dictionary.

PRONUBIAL
Pro*nu"bi*al, a. Etym: [L. pronuba bridesmaid; pro before + nubere to
marry.]

Defn: Presiding over marriage. [R.]

PRONUCLEUS
Pro*nu"cle*us, n.; pl. Pronuclei (-i). Etym: [NL. See Pro-, and
Nucleus.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of the two bodies or nuclei (called male and female
pronuclei) which unite to form the first segmentation nucleus of an
impregnated ovum.

Note: In the maturing of the ovum preparatory to impregnation, a part
of the germinal vesicle (see Polar body, under Polar) becomes
converted into a number of small vesicles, which aggregate themselves
into a single clear nucleus. which travels towards the center of the
egg and is called the female pronucleus. In impregnation, the
spermatozoön which enters the egg soon loses its tail, while the head
forms a nucleus, called the male pronucleus, which gradually travels
towards the female pronucleus and eventually fuses with it, forming
the first segmentation nucleus.

PRONUNCIAL
Pro*nun"cial, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pronunciation; pronunciative.

PRONUNCIAMENTO
Pro*nun`ci*a*men"to, n.

Defn: A proclamation or manifesto; a formal announcement or
declaration.

PRONUNCIAMIENTO
Pro*nun`ci*a`mi"en"to, n. Etym: [Sp. See Pronounce.]

Defn: See Pronunciamento.

PRONUNCIATION
Pro*nun`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [F. pronunciation, L. pronunciatio. See
Pronounce.]

1. The act of uttering with articulation; the act of giving the
proper sound and accent; utterance; as, the pronunciation of
syllables of words; distinct or indistinct pronunciation.

2. The mode of uttering words or sentences.

3. (Rhet.)

Defn: The art of manner of uttering a discourse publicly with
propriety and gracefulness; -- now called delivery. J. Q. Adams.

PRONUNCIATIVE
Pro*nun"ci*a*tive, a. Etym: [L. pronunciativus.]

1. Of or pertaining to pronunciation.

2. Uttering confidently; dogmatical. [Obs.] Bacon.

PRONUNCIATOR
Pro*nun"ci*a`tor, n. Etym: [L., a reciter.]

Defn: One who pronounces; a pronouncer.

PRONUNCIATORY
Pro*nun"ci*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pronunciation; that pronounces.

PROOF
Proof, n. Etym: [OF. prove, proeve, F. preuve, fr. L. proba, fr.
probare to prove. See Prove.]

1. Any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or
discover a fact or truth; an act of testing; a test; a trial.
For whatsoever mother wit or art Could work, he put in proof.
Spenser.
You shall have many proofs to show your skill. Ford.
Formerly, a very rude mode of ascertaining the strength of spirits
was practiced, called the proof. Ure.

2. That degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or
fact, and produces belief; a test by facts or arguments that induce,
or tend to induce, certainty of the judgment; conclusive evidence;
demonstration.
I'll have some proof. Shak.
It is no proof of a man's understanding to be able to confirm
whatever he pleases. Emerson.

Note: Properly speaking, proof is the effect or result of evidence,
evidence is the medium of proof. Cf. Demonstration, 1.

3. The quality or state of having been proved or tried; firmness or
hardness that resists impression, or does not yield to force;
impenetrability of physical bodies.

4. Firmness of mind; stability not to be shaken.

5. (Print.)

Defn: A trial impression, as from type, taken for correction or
examination; -- called also proof sheet.

6. (Math.)

Defn: A process for testing the accuracy of an operation performed.
Cf. Prove, v. t., 5.

7. Armor of excellent or tried quality, and deemed impenetrable;
properly, armor of proof. [Obs.] Shak. Artist's proof, a very early
proof impression of an engraving, or the like; -- often distinguished
by the artist's signature.
 -- Proof reader, one who reads, and marks correction in, proofs. See
def. 5, above.

Syn.
 -- Testimony; evidence; reason; argument; trial; demonstration. See
Testimony.

PROOF
Proof, a.

1. Used in proving or testing; as, a proof load, or proof charge.

2. Firm or successful in resisting; as, proof against harm;
waterproof; bombproof.
I . . . have found thee Proof against all temptation. Milton.
This was a good, stout proof article of faith. Burke.

3. Being of a certain standard as to strength; -- said of alcoholic
liquors. Proof charge (Firearms), a charge of powder and ball,
greater than the service charge, fired in an arm, as a gun or cannon,
to test its strength.
 -- Proof impression. See under Impression.
 -- Proof load (Engin.), the greatest load than can be applied to a
piece, as a beam, column, etc., without straining the piece beyond
the elastic limit.
 -- Proof sheet. See Proof, n., 5.
 -- Proof spirit (Chem.), a strong distilled liquor, or mixture of
alcohol and water, containing not less than a standard amount of
alcohol. In the United States "proof spirit is defined by law to be
that mixture of alcohol and water which contains one half of its
volume of alcohol, the alcohol when at a temperature of 60º
Fahrenheit being of specific gravity 0.7939 referred to water at its
maximum density as unity. Proof spirit has at 60º Fahrenheit a
specific gravity of 0.93353, 100 parts by volume of the same
consisting of 50 parts of absolute alcohol and 53.71 parts of water,"
the apparent excess of water being due to contraction of the liquids
on mixture. In England proof spirit is defined by Act 58, George
III., to be such as shall at a temperature of 51º Fahrenheit weigh
exactly the second, third, and fourth proof spirits respectively.
 -- Proof staff, a straight-edge used by millers to test the flatness
of a stone.
 -- Proof stick (Sugar Manuf.), a rod in the side of a vacuum pan,
for testing the consistency of the sirup.
 -- Proof text, a passage of Scripture used to prove a doctrine.
proof coin or proof, a coin which has been specially struck, to
produce the finest specimen of its type.

Note: Usually such coins are double-struck from polished dies, and
the raised features are sometimes frosted. They thus have sharper
features and more mirror-like fields than production coins (i.e.
those coins struck for circulation); they are considered by coin
collectors as the most desirable specimens of each coin, and usually
sell at a premium to their corresponding production coins.

PROOF-ARM
Proof`-arm", v. t.

Defn: To arm with proof armor; to arm securely; as, to proof-arm
herself. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

PROOFLESS
Proof"less, a.

Defn: Wanting sufficient evidence to induce belief; not proved.
Boyle.
 -- Proof"less*ly, adv.

PROOF-PROOF
Proof"-proof`, a.

Defn: Proof against proofs; obstinate in the wrong. "That might have
shown to any one who was not proof-proof." Whateley.

PROOSTRACUM; PROOESTRACUM
Pro*ös"tra*cum, n.; pl. Proöstraca. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The anterior prolongation of the guard of the phragmocone of
belemnites and allied fossil cephalopods, whether horny or
calcareous. See Illust. of Phragmocone.

PROOTIC; PROOETIC
Pro*ö"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. pro- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: In front of the auditory capsule; -- applied especially to a
bone, or center of ossification, in the periotic capsule.
 -- n.

Defn: A proötic bone.

PROP
Prop, n.

Defn: A shell, used as a die. See Props.

PROP
Prop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propped; p. pr. & vb. n. Propping.] Etym:
[Akin to LG. & D. proppen to cram, stuff, thrust into, stop, G.
pfropfen, Dan. proppe, Sw. proppa; of uncertain origin, cf. G.
pfropfen to graft, fr. L. propago set, layer of a plant, slip, shoot.
Cf. 3d. Prop, Propagate.]

Defn: To support, or prevent from falling, by placing something under
or against; as, to prop up a fence or an old building; (Fig.) to
sustain; to maintain; as, to prop a declining state. Shak.
Till the bright mountains prop the incumbent sky. Pope.
For being not propp'd by ancestry. Shak.
I prop myself upon those few supports that are left me. Pope.

PROP
Prop, n. Etym: [Akin to LG., D., & Dan. prop stopple, stopper, cork,
Sw. propp, G. pfropf. See Prop, v.]

Defn: That which sustains an incumbent weight; that on which anything
rests or leans for support; a support; a stay; as, a prop for a
building. "Two props of virtue." Shak.

PROPAEDEUTIC; PROPAEDEUTICAL
Pro`pæ*deu"tic, Pro`pæ*deu"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or conveying, preliminary instruction;
introductory to any art or science; instructing beforehand.

PROPAEDEUTICS
Pro`pæ*deu"tics, n.

Defn: The preliminary learning connected with any art or science;
preparatory instruction.

PROPAGABLE
Prop"a*ga*ble, a. Etym: [See Propagate.]

1. Capable of being propagated, or of being continued or multiplied
by natural generation or production.

2. Capable of being spread or extended by any means; -- said of
tenets, doctrines, or principles.

PROPAGANDA
Prop`a*gan"da, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. L. de propaganda fide: cf. F.
propagande. See Propagate.]

1. (R. C. Ch.)
(a) A congregation of cardinals, established in 1622, charged with
the management of missions.
(b) The college of the Propaganda, instituted by Urban VIII. (1623-
1644) to educate priests for missions in all parts of the world.

2. Hence, any organization or plan for spreading a particular
doctrine or a system of principles.

PROPAGANDISM
Prop`a*gan"dism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. propagandisme.]

Defn: The art or practice of propagating tenets or principles; zeal
in propagating one's opinions.

PROPAGANDIST
Prop`a*gan"dist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. propagandiste.]

Defn: A person who devotes himself to the spread of any system of
principles. "Political propagandists." Walsh.

PROPAGATE
Prop"a*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propagated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Propagating.] Etym: [L. propagatus, p. p. of propagare to propagate,
akin to propages, propago, a layer of a plant, slip, shoot. See Pro-,
and cf. Pact, Prop, Prune, v. t.]

1. To cause to continue or multiply by generation, or successive
production; -- applied to animals and plants; as, to propagate a
breed of horses or sheep; to propagate a species of fruit tree.

2. To cause to spread to extend; to impel or continue forward in
space; as, to propagate sound or light.

3. To spread from person to person; to extend the knowledge of; to
originate and spread; to carry from place to place; to disseminate;
as, to propagate a story or report; to propagate the Christian
religion.
The infection was propagated insensibly. De Foe.

4. To multiply; to increase. [Obs.]
Griefs of mine own lie heavy in my breast, Which thou wilt propagate.
Shak.

5. To generate; to produce.
Motion propagated motion, and life threw off life. De Quincey.

Syn.
 -- To multiply; continue; increase; spread; diffuse; disseminate;
promote.

PROPAGATE
Prop"a*gate, v. i.

Defn: To have young or issue; to be produced or multiplied by
generation, or by new shoots or plants; as, rabbits propagate
rapidly.
No need that thou Should'st propagate, already infinite. Milton.

PROPAGATION
Prop`a*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. propagatio: cf. F. propagation.]

1. The act of propagating; continuance or multiplication of the kind
by generation or successive production; as, the propagation of
animals or plants.
There is not in nature any spontaneous generation, but all come by
propagation. Ray.

2. The spreading abroad, or extension, of anything; diffusion;
dissemination; as, the propagation of sound; the propagation of the
gospel. Bacon.

PROPAGATIVE
Prop"a*ga*tive, a.

Defn: Producing by propagation, or by a process of growth.

PROPAGATOR
Prop"a*ga`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. propagateur.]

Defn: One who propagates; one who continues or multiplies.

PROPAGULUM
Pro*pag"u*lum, n.; pl. Propagula. Etym: [NL. See Propagate.] (Bot.)

Defn: A runner terminated by a germinating bud.

PROPANE
Pro"pane, n. Etym: [Propyl + methane.] (Chem.)

Defn: A heavy gaseous hydrocarbon, C3H8, of the paraffin series,
occurring naturally dissolved in crude petroleum, and also made
artificially; -- called also propyl hydride.

PROPARGYL
Pro*par"gyl, n. Etym: [Propinyl + Gr. -yl. So called because one
hydrogen atom may be replaced by silver.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Propinyl.

PROPAROXYTONE
Pro`par*ox"y*tone, n. Etym: [Gr. Pro-, and Paroxytone.] (Gr. Gram.)

Defn: A word which has the acute accent on the antepenult.

PROPED
Pro"ped, n. Etym: [Pref. pro- + L. pes, pedis, foot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Proleg.

PROPEL
Pro*pel", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Propelling.]
Etym: [L. propellere, propulsum; pro forward + pellere to drive. See
Pulse a beating.]

Defn: To drive forward; to urge or press onward by force; to move, or
cause to move; as, the wind or steam propels ships; balls are
propelled by gunpowder.

PROPELLER
Pro*pel"ler, n.

1. One who, or that which, propels.

2. A contrivance for propelling a steam vessel, usually consisting of
a screw placed in the stern under water, and made to revolve by an
engine; a propeller wheel.

3. A steamboat thus propelled; a screw steamer. Propeller wheel,the
screw, usually having two or more blades, used in propelling a
vessel.

PROPEND
Pro*pend", v. i. Etym: [L. propendere, propensum; pro forward, forth
+ pendere to hang. See Pendent.]

Defn: To lean toward a thing; to be favorably inclined or disposed;
to incline; to tend. [R.] Shak.
We shall propend to it, as a stone falleth down. Barrow.

PROPENDENCY
Pro*pend"en*cy, n.

1. Propensity. [R.]

2. Attentive deliberation. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

PROPENDENT
Pro*pend"ent, a. Etym: [L. propendens, p. pr.]

Defn: Inclining forward or toward. South.

PROPENE
Pro"pene, n. Etym: [Propyl + ethylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Propylene.

PROPENSE
Pro*pense" a. Etym: [L. propensus, p. p. See Propend.]

Defn: Leaning toward, in a moral sense; inclined; disposed; prone;
as, women propense to holiness. Hooker.
 -- Pro*pense"ly, adv.
 -- Pro*pense"ness, n.

PROPENSION
Pro*pen"sion, n. Etym: [L. propensio: cf. F. propension. See Propend,
Propense.]

Defn: The quality or state of being propense; propensity. M. Arnold.
Your full consent Gave wings to my propension. Shak.

PROPENSITY
Pro*pen"si*ty, n.; pl. Propensities (.

Defn: The quality or state of being propense; natural inclination;
disposition to do good or evil; bias; bent; tendency. "A propensity
to utter blasphemy." Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Disposition; bias; inclination; proclivity; proneness; bent;
tendency.

PROPENYL
Pro"pe*nyl, n. Etym: [Propene + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical hydrocarbon radical, C3H5, isomeric with allyl
and glyceryl, and regarded as the essential residue of glycerin. Cf.
Allyl, and Glyceryl.

PROPEPSIN
Pro*pep"sin, n. Etym: [Pref. pro- + pepsin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: See Persinogen.

PROPEPTONE
Pro*pep"tone, n. Etym: [Pref. pro- + peptone.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A product of gastric digestion intermediate between albumin and
peptone, identical with hemialbumose.

PROPER
Prop"er, a. Etym: [OE. propre, F. propre, fr. L. proprius. Cf.
Appropriate.]

1. Belonging to one; one's own; individual. "His proper good" [i. e.,
his own possessions]. Chaucer. "My proper son." Shak.
Now learn the difference, at your proper cost, Betwixt true valor and
an empty boast. Dryden.

2. Belonging to the natural or essential constitution; peculiar; not
common; particular; as, every animal has his proper instincts and
appetites.
Those high and peculiar attributes . . . which constitute our proper
humanity. Coleridge.

3. Befitting one's nature, qualities, etc.; suitable in all respect;
appropriate; right; fit; decent; as, water is the proper element for
fish; a proper dress.
The proper study of mankind is man. Pope.
In Athens all was pleasure, mirth, and play, All proper to the
spring, and sprightly May. Dryden.

4. Becoming in appearance; well formed; handsome. [Archaic] "Thou art
a proper man." Chaucer.
Moses . . . was hid three months of his parents, because they saw he
was a proper child. Heb. xi. 23.

5. Pertaining to one of a species, but not common to the whole; not
appellative; -- opposed to common; as, a proper name; Dublin is the
proper name of a city.

6. Rightly so called; strictly considered; as, Greece proper; the
garden proper.

7. (Her.)

Defn: Represented in its natural color; -- said of any object used as
a charge. In proper, individually; privately. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
 -- Proper flower or corolla (Bot.), one of the single florets, or
corollets, in an aggregate or compound flower.
 -- Proper fraction (Arith.) a fraction in which the numerator is
less than the denominator.
 -- Proper nectary (Bot.), a nectary separate from the petals and
other parts of the flower.
 -- Proper noun (Gram.), a name belonging to an individual, by which
it is distinguished from others of the same class; -- opposed to Ant:
common noun; as, John, Boston, America.
 -- Proper perianth or involucre (Bot.), that which incloses only a
single flower.
 -- Proper receptacle (Bot.), a receptacle which supports only a
single flower or fructification.

PROPER
Prop"er, adv.

Defn: Properly; hence, to a great degree; very; as, proper good.
[Colloq & Vulgar]

PROPERATE
Prop"er*ate, v. t. & i. Etym: [L. properatus, p. p. of properare to
hasten.]

Defn: To hasten, or press forward. [Obs.]

PROPERATION
Prop`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. properatio.]

Defn: The act of hastening; haste. [Obs.] T. Adams.

PROPERISPOME
Pro*per"i*spome, n. (Gr. Gram.)

Defn: Properispomenon.

PROPERISPOMENON
Pro*per`i*spom"e*non, n.; pl. Properispomena. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
Perispomenon.] (Gr. Gram.)

Defn: A word which has the circumflex accent on the penult.

PROPERLY
Prop"er*ly, adv.

1. In a proper manner; suitably; fitly; strictly; rightly; as, a word
properly applied; a dress properly adjusted. Milton.

2. Individually; after one's own manner. [Obs.]
Now, harkeneth, how I bare me properly. Chaucer.

PROPERNESS
Prop"er*ness, n.

1. The quality of being proper.

2. Tallness; comeliness. [Obs.] Udall.

PROPERTIED
Prop"er*tied, a.

Defn: Possessing property; holding real estate, or other investments
of money. "The propertied and satisfied classes." M. Arnold.

PROPERTY
Prop"er*ty, n.; pl. Properties. Etym: [OE. proprete, OF. propreté
property, F. propreté neatness, cleanliness, propriété property, fr.
L. proprietas. See Proper, a., and cf. Propriety.]

1. That which is proper to anything; a peculiar quality of a thing;
that which is inherent in a subject, or naturally essential to it; an
attribute; as, sweetness is a property of sugar.
Property is correctly a synonym for peculiar quality; but it is
frequently used as coextensive with quality in general. Sir W.
Hamilton.

Note: In physical science, the properties of matter are distinguished
to the three following classes: 1. Physical properties, or those
which result from the relations of bodies to the physical agents,
light, heat, electricity, gravitation, cohesion, adhesion, etc., and
which are exhibited without a change in the composition or kind of
matter acted on. They are color, luster, opacity, transparency,
hardness, sonorousness, density, crystalline form, solubility,
capability of osmotic diffusion, vaporization, boiling, fusion, etc.
2. Chemical properties, or those which are conditioned by affinity
and composition; thus, combustion, explosion, and certain solutions
are reactions occasioned by chemical properties. Chemical properties
are identical when there is identity of composition and structure,
and change according as the composition changes. 3. Organoleptic
properties, or those forming a class which can not be included in
either of the other two divisions. They manifest themselves in the
contact of substances with the organs of taste, touch, and smell, or
otherwise affect the living organism, as in the manner of medicines
and poisons.

2. An acquired or artificial quality; that which is given by art, or
bestowed by man; as, the poem has the properties which constitute
excellence.

3. The exclusive right of possessing, enjoying, and disposing of a
thing; ownership; title.
Here I disclaim all my paternal care, Propinquity and property of
blood. Shak.
Shall man assume a property in man Wordsworth.

4. That to which a person has a legal title, whether in his
possession or not; thing owned; an estate, whether in lands, goods,
or money; as, a man of large property, or small property.

5. pl.

Defn: All the adjuncts of a play except the scenery and the dresses
of the actors; stage requisites.
I will draw a bill of properties. Shak.

6. Propriety; correctness. [Obs.] Camden. Literary property. (Law)
See under Literary.
 -- Property man, one who has charge of the "properties" of a
theater.

PROPERTY
Prop"er*ty, v. t.

1. To invest which properties, or qualities. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To make a property of; to appropriate. [Obs.]
They have here propertied me. Shak.

PROPHANE
Pro*phane", a. & v. t.

Defn: See Profane. [Obs.]

PROPHASIS
Proph"a*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Pro-, and Phasis.] (Med.)

Defn: Foreknowledge of a disease; prognosis.

PROPHECY
Proph"e*cy, n.; pl. Prophecies, Etym: [OE. prophecie, OF. profecie,
F. prophétie, L. prophetia, fr. Gr. , fr. Prophet.]

1. A declaration of something to come; a foretelling; a prediction;
esp., an inspired foretelling.
He hearkens after prophecies and dreams. Shak.
Prophecy came not in old time by the will of man. 2. Pet. i. 21.

2. (Script.)

Defn: A book of prophecies; a history; as, the prophecy of Ahijah. 2
Chron. ix. 29.

3. Public interpretation of Scripture; preaching; exhortation or
instruction.

PROPHESIER
Proph"e*si`er, n.

Defn: A prophet. Shak.

PROPHESY
Proph"e*sy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prophesied; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prophesying.] Etym: [See Prophecy.]

1. To foretell; to predict; to prognosticate.
He doth not prophesy good concerning me. 1 Kings xxii. 8.
Then I perceive that will be verified Henry the Fifth did sometime
prophesy. Shak.

2. To foreshow; to herald; to prefigure.
Methought thy very gait did prophesy A royal nobleness; I must
embrace thee. Shak.

PROPHESY
Proph"e*sy, v. i.

1. To utter predictions; to make declaration of events to come. Matt.
xv. 7.

2. To give instruction in religious matters; to interpret or explain
Scripture or religious subjects; to preach; to exhort; to expound.
Ezek. xxxvii. 7.

PROPHET
Proph"et, n. Etym: [F. prophète, L. propheta, fr. Gr. Fame. ]

1. One who prophesies, or foretells events; a predicter; a
foreteller.

2. One inspired or instructed by God to speak in his name, or
announce future events, as, Moses, Elijah, etc.

3. An interpreter; a spokesman. [R.] Ex. vii. 1.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mantis. School of the prophets (Anc. Jewish Hist.), a school
or college in which young men were educated and trained for public
teachers or members of the prophetic order. These students were
called sons of the prophets.

PROPHETESS
Proph"et*ess, n. Etym: [Cf. F. prophétesse, L. prophetissa.]

Defn: A female prophet.

PROPHETIC; PROPHETICAL
Pro*phet"ic, Pro*phet"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. propheticus, Gr.
prophétique.]

Defn: Containing, or pertaining to, prophecy; foretelling events; as,
prophetic writings; prophetic dreams; -- used with of before the
thing foretold.
And fears are oft prophetic of the event. Dryden.

PROPHETICALITY
Pro*phet`ic*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: Propheticalness.

PROPHETICALLY
Pro*phet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a prophetical manner; by way of prediction.

PROPHETICALNESS
Pro*phet"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being prophetical; power or capacity to
foretell.

PROPHETIZE
Proph"et*ize, v. i. Etym: [L. prophetizare, Gr. prophétiser. Cf.
Prophesy.]

Defn: To give predictions; to foreshow events; to prophesy. [R.]
"Prophetizing dreams." Daniel.

PROPHORIC
Pro*phor"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Enunciative. [R.]

PROPHRAGMA
Pro*phrag"ma, n.; pl. Prophragmata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An internal dorsal chitinous process between the first two
divisions of the thorax of insects.

PROPHYLACTIC
Proph`y*lac"tic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. prophylactique.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicine which preserves or defends against disease; a
preventive.

PROPHYLACTIC; PROPHYLACTICAL
Proph`y*lac"tic, Proph`y*lac"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. prophylactique.]
(Med.)

Defn: Defending or preserving from disease; preventive. Coxe.

PROPHYLAXIS
Proph`y*lax"is, n. Etym: [NL. See Prophylactic.] (Med.)

Defn: The art of preserving from, or of preventing, disease; the
observance of the rules necessary for the preservation of health;
preservative or preventive treatment.

PROPICE
Pro*pice", a. Etym: [OE., fr. F. propice, See Propitious.]

Defn: Fit; propitious. [Obs.] E. Hall.

PROPIDENE
Pro"pi*dene, n. Etym: [Propyl + ethylidene.] (Chem.)

Defn: The unsymmetrical hypothetical hydrocarbon radical, CH3.CH2.CH,
analogous to ethylidene, and regarded as the type of certain
derivatives of propane; -- called also propylidene.

PROPINATION
Prop`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. propinatio. See Propine.]

Defn: The act of pledging, or drinking first, and then offering the
cup to another. [Obs.] Abp. Potter.

PROPINE
Pro*pine", v. t. Etym: [L. propinare, Gr.

1. To pledge; to offer as a toast or a health in the manner of
drinking, that is, by drinking first and passing the cup. [Obs.]
The lovely sorceress mixed, and to the prince Health, peace, and joy
propined. C. Smart.

2. Hence, to give in token of friendship. [Obs.]

3. To give, or deliver; to subject. [Obs.] Fotherby.

PROPINE
Pro*pine", n.

1. A pledge. [Obs. or Scot.]

2. A gift; esp., drink money. [Obs or Scot.]

PROPINE
Pro"pine, n. Etym: [Propyl + ethine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Allylene.

PROPINQUITY
Pro*pin"qui*ty, n. Etym: [L. propinquitas, from propinquus near,
neighboring, from prope near.]

1. Nearness in place; neighborhood; proximity.

2. Nearness in time. Sir T. Browne.

3. Nearness of blood; kindred; affinity. Shak.

PROPINYL
Pro"pi*nyl, n. Etym: [Propine + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon radical regarded as an essential residue of
propine and allied compounds.

PROPIOLATE
Pro"pi*o*late, n.

Defn: A salt of propiolic acid.

PROPIOLIC
Pro`pi*ol"ic, a. Etym: [Propionic + tetrolic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid (called also
propargylic acid) of the acetylene or tetrolic series, analogous to
propionic acid, and obtained as a white crystalline substance.C3H2O2,
CH.C.COOH

PROPIONATE
Pro"pi*o*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of propionic acid.

PROPIONE
Pro"pi*one, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The ketone of propionic acid, obtained as a colorless fragrant
liquid.

PROPIONIC
Pro`pi*on"ic, a. Etym: [Proto- + Gr. pi`wn fat.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an organic acid
which is produced in the distillation of wood, in the fermentation of
various organic substances, as glycerin, calcium lactate, etc., and
is obtained as a colorless liquid having a sharp, pungent odor.
Propionic acid is so called because it is the first or lowest member
of the fatty acid series whose salts have a fatty feel.

PROPIONYL
Pro"pi*o*nyl, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical C3H5O, regarded as the essential
residue of propionic acid and certain related compounds.

PROPITHECUS
Prop`i*the"cus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus including the long-tailed, or diadem, indris. See
Indris.

PROPITIABLE
Pro*pi"ti*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. propitiabilis.]

Defn: Capable of being propitiated.

PROPITIATE
Pro*pi"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propitiated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Propitiating.] Etym: [L. propitiatus, p. p. of propitiare to
propitiate, fr. propitius favorable. See Propitious.]

Defn: To appease to render favorable; to make propitious; to
conciliate.
Let fierce Achilles, dreadful in his rage, The god propitiate, and
the pest assuage. Pope.

PROPITIATE
Pro*pi"ti*ate, v. i.

Defn: To make propitiation; to atone.

PROPITIATION
Pro*pi`ti*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. propitiatio: cf. F. propitiation.]

1. The act of appeasing the wrath and conciliating the favor of an
offended person; the act of making propitious.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: That which propitiates; atonement or atoning sacrifice;
specifically, the influence or effects of the death of Christ in
appeasing the divine justice, and conciliating the divine favor.
He [Jesus Christ] is the propitiation for our sins. 1 John ii. 2.

PROPITIATOR
Pro*pi"ti*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who propitiates or appeases.

PROPITIATORILY
Pro*pi"ti*a*to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of propitiation.

PROPITIATORY
Pro*pi"ti*a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. propitiatorius: cf. F.
propitiatoire.]

Defn: Having the power to make propitious; pertaining to, or employed
in, propitiation; expiatory; as, a propitiatory sacrifice. Sharp.

PROPITIATORY
Pro*pi"ti*a*to*ry, n. Etym: [L. propitiatorium.] (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: The mercy seat; -- so called because a symbol of the
propitiated Jehovah. Bp. Pearson.

PROPITIOUS
Pro*pi"tious, a. Etym: [L. propitius, perhaps originally a term of
augury meaning, flying forward (pro) or well; cf. Skr. pat to fly, E.
petition, feather.]

1. Convenient; auspicious; favorable; kind; as, a propitious season;
a propitious breeze.

2. Hence, kind; gracious; merciful; helpful; -- said of a person or a
divinity. Milton.
And now t' assuage the force of this new flame, And make thee [Love]
more propitious in my need. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- Auspicious; favorable; kind.
 -- Propitious, Auspicious. Auspicious (from the ancient idea of
auspices, or omens) denotes "indicative of success," or "favored by
incidental occurrences;" as, an auspicious opening; an auspicious
event. Propitious denotes that which efficaciously protect us in some
undertaking, speeds our exertions, and decides our success; as,
propitious gales; propitious influences.
 -- Pro*pi"tious*ly, adv.
 -- Pro*pi"tious*ness, n.

PROPLASM
Pro"plasm, n. Etym: [L. proplasma, Gr.

Defn: A mold; a matrix. [R.] Woodward.

PROPLASTIC
Pro*plas"tic, a.

Defn: Forming a mold.

PROPLASTICS
Pro*plas"tics, n.

Defn: The art of making molds for castings. [R.]

PROPLEG
Prop"leg`, n. Etym: [So called because it props up or supports the
body.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Proleg.

PROPODIAL
Pro*po"di*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the propodialia, or the parts of the limbs
to which they belong.

PROPODIALE
Pro*po`di*a"le, n.; pl. Propodialia.. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The bone of either the upper arm or the thing, the propodialia
being the humerus and femur.

PROPODITE
Prop"o*dite, n. Etym: [Pref. pro- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sixth joint of a typical leg of a crustacean; usually, the
penultimate joint.

PROPODIUM
Pro*po"di*um, n.; pl. Propodia. Etym: [NL. See Propodiale.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The anterior portion of the foot of a mollusk.
(b) The segment which forms the posterior part of the thorax of a
hymenopterous insect. [Written also propodeum.]

PROPOLIS
Pro"po*lis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: Same as Bee glue, under Bee.

PROPONE
Pro*pone", v. t. Etym: [L. proponere to propose. See Propound.]

Defn: To propose; to bring forward.

PROPONENT
Pro*po"nent, a. Etym: [L. proponens, p. pr.]

Defn: Making proposals; proposing.

PROPONENT
Pro*po"nent, n.

1. One who makes a proposal, or lays down a proposition. Dryden.

2. (Law)

Defn: The propounder of a thing.

PROPORTION
Pro*por"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. proportio; pro before + portio
part or share. See Portion.]

1. The relation or adaptation of one portion to another, or to the
whole, as respect magnitude, quantity, or degree; comparative
relation; ratio; as, the proportion of the parts of a building, or of
the body.
The image of Christ, made after his own proportion. Ridley.
Formed in the best proportions of her sex. Sir W. Scott.
Documents are authentic and facts are true precisely in proportion to
the support which they afford to his theory. Macaulay.

2. Harmonic relation between parts, or between different things of
the same kind; symmetrical arrangement or adjustment; symmetry; as,
to be out of proportion. "Let us prophesy according to the proportion
of faith." Rom. xii. 6.

3. The portion one receives when a whole is distributed by a rule or
principle; equal or proper share; lot.
Let the women . . . do the same things in their proportions and
capacities. Jer. Taylor.

4. A part considered comparatively; a share.

5. (Math.)
(a) The equality or similarity of ratios, especially of geometrical
ratios; or a relation among quantities such that the quotient of the
first divided by the second is equal to that of the third divided by
the fourth; -- called also geometrical proportion, in distinction
from arithmetical proportion, or that in which the difference of the
first and second is equal to the difference of the third and fourth.

Note: Proportion in the mathematical sense differs from ratio. Ratio
is the relation of two quantities of the same kind, as the ratio of 5
to 10, or the ratio of 8 to 16. Proportion is the sameness or
likeness of two such relations. Thus, 5 to 10 as 8 to 16; that is, 5
bears the same relation to 10 as 8 does to 16. Hence, such numbers
are said to be in proportion. Proportion is expressed by symbols
thus: a:b::c:d, or a:b = c:d, or a/b = c/d.
(b) The rule of three, in arithmetic, in which the three given terms,
together with the one sought, are proportional. Continued proportion,
Inverse proportion, etc. See under Continued, Inverse, etc.
 -- Harmonical, or Musical, proportion, a relation of three or four
quantities, such that the first is to the last as the difference
between the first two is to the difference between the last two;
thus, 2, 3, 6, are in harmonical proportion; for 2 is to 6 as 1 to 3.
Thus, 24, 16, 12, 9, are harmonical, for 24:9::8:3.
 -- In proportion, according as; to the degree that. "In proportion
as they are metaphysically true, they are morally and politically
false." Burke.

PROPORTION
Pro*por"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proportioned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Proportioning.] Etym: [Cf. F. proportionner. Cf. Proportionate, v.]

1. To adjust in a suitable proportion, as one thing or one part to
another; as, to proportion the size of a building to its height; to
proportion our expenditures to our income.
In the loss of an object we do not proportion our grief to the real
value . . . but to the value our fancies set upon it. Addison.

2. To form with symmetry or suitableness, as the parts of the body.
Nature had proportioned her without any fault. Sir P. Sidney.

3. To divide into equal or just shares; to apportion.

PROPORTIONABLE
Pro*por"tion*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being proportioned, or made proportional; also,
proportional; proportionate.
 -- Pro*por"tion*a*ble*ness, n.
But eloquence may exist without a proportionable degree of wisdom.
Burke.
Proportionable, which is no longer much favored, was of our [i. e.,
English writers'] own coining. Fitzed. Hall.

PROPORTIONABLY
Pro*por"tion*a*bly, adv.

Defn: Proportionally. Locke.

PROPORTIONAL
Pro*por"tion*al, a. Etym: [L. proportionalis: cf. F. proportionnel.]

1. Having a due proportion, or comparative relation; being in
suitable proportion or degree; as, the parts of an edifice are
proportional. Milton.

2. Relating to, or securing, proportion. Hutton. 3. (Math.)
Constituting a proportion; having the same, or a constant, ratio; as,
proportional quantities; momentum is proportional to quantity of
matter. Proportional logarithms, logistic logarithms. See under
Logistic.
 -- Proportional scale, a scale on which are marked parts
proportional to the logarithms of the natural numbers; a logarithmic
scale.
 -- Proportional scales, compasses, dividers, etc. (Draughting),
instruments used in making copies of drawings, or drawings of
objects, on an enlarged or reduced scale.

PROPORTIONAL
Pro*por"tion*al, n.

1. (Math.)

Defn: Any number or quantity in a proportion; as, a mean
proportional.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The combining weight or equivalent of an element. [Obs.]

PROPORTIONALITY
Pro*por`tion*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. proportionnalité.]

Defn: The state of being in proportion. Coleridge.

PROPORTIONALLY
Pro*por"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In proportion; in due degree; adapted relatively; as, all parts
of the building are proportionally large. Sir I. Newton.

PROPORTIONATE
Pro*por"tion*ate, a. Etym: [L. proportionatus. See Proportion.]

Defn: Adjusted to something else according to a proportion;
proportional. Longfellow.
What is proportionate to his transgression. Locke.

PROPORTIONATE
Pro*por"tion*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proportionated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Proportionating.] Etym: [Cf. Proportion, v.]

Defn: To make proportional; to adjust according to a settled rate, or
to due comparative relation; to proportion; as, to proportionate
punishment to crimes.

PROPORTIONATELY
Pro*por"tion*ate*ly (, adv.

Defn: In a proportionate manner; with due proportion; proportionally.

PROPORTIONATENESS
Pro*por"tion*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being proportionate. Sir M. Hale.

PROPORTIONLESS
Pro*por"tion*less, a.

Defn: Without proportion; unsymmetrical.

PROPORTIONMENT
Pro*por"tion*ment, n.

Defn: The act or process of dividing out proportionally.

PROPOSAL
Pro*pos"al, n. Etym: [From Propose.]

1. That which is proposed, or propounded for consideration or
acceptance; a scheme or design; terms or conditions proposed; offer;
as, to make proposals for a treaty of peace; to offer proposals for
erecting a building; to make proposals of marriage. "To put forth
proposals for a book." Macaulay.

2. (Law)

Defn: The offer by a party of what he has in view as to an intended
business transaction, which, with acceptance, constitutes a contract.

Syn.
 -- Proffer; tender; overture. See Proposition.

PROPOSE
Pro*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proposed; p. pr. & vb. n. Proposing.]
Etym: [F. proposer; pref. pro- (L. pro for, forward) + poser to
place. See Pose, v.]

1. To set forth. [Obs.]
That being proposed brimfull of wine, one scarce could lift it up.
Chapman.

2. To offer for consideration, discussion, acceptance, or adoption;
as, to propose terms of peace; to propose a question for discussion;
to propose an alliance; to propose a person for office.

3. To set before one's self or others as a purpose formed; hence, to
purpose; to intend.
I propose to relate, in several volumes, the history of the people of
New England. Palfrey. To propose to one's self, to intend; to design.

PROPOSE
Pro*pose", v. i.

1. To speak; to converse. [Obs.]
There shalt thou find my cousin Beatrice, Proposing with the prince
and Claudio. Shak.

2. To form or declare a purpose or intention; to lay a scheme; to
design; as, man proposes, but God disposes.

3. To offer one's self in marriage.

PROPOSE
Pro*pose", n. Etym: [F. propos, L. propositum. See Propound, Purpose,
n.]

Defn: Talk; discourse. [Obs.] Shak.

PROPOSER
Pro*pos"er, n.

1. One who proposes or offers anything for consideration or adoption.

2. A speaker; an orator. [Obs.] Shak.

PROPOSITION
Prop`o*si"tion, n. Etym: [L. propositio: cf. F. proposition. See
Propound.]

1. The act of setting or placing before; the act of offering.
"Oblations for the altar of proposition." Jer. Taylor.

2. That which is proposed; that which is offered, as for
consideration, acceptance, or adoption; a proposal; as, the enemy
made propositions of peace; his proposition was not accepted.

3. A statement of religious doctrine; an article of faith; creed; as,
the propositions of Wyclif and Huss.
Some persons . . . change their propositions according as their
temporal necessities or advantages do turn. Jer. Taylor.

4. (Gram. & Logic)

Defn: A complete sentence, or part of a sentence consisting of a
subject and predicate united by a copula; a thought expressed or
propounded in language; a from of speech in which a predicate is
affirmed or denied of a subject; as, snow is white.

5. (Math.)

Defn: A statement in terms of a truth to be demonstrated, or of an
operation to be performed.

Note: It is called a theorem when it is something to be proved, and a
problem when it is something to be done.

6. (Rhet.)

Defn: That which is offered or affirmed as the subject of the
discourse; anything stated or affirmed for discussion or
illustration.

7. (Poetry)

Defn: The part of a poem in which the author states the subject or
matter of it. Leaves of proposition (Jewish Antiq.), the showbread.
Wyclif (Luke vi. 4).

Syn.
 -- Proposal; offer; statement; declaration.
 -- Proposition, Proposal. These words are both from the Latin verb
proponere, to set forth, and as here compared they mark different
forms or stages of a negotiation. A proposition is something
presented for discussion or consideration; as, propositions of peace.
A proposal is some definite thing offered by one party to be accepted
or rejected by the other. If the proposition is favorably received,
it is usually followed by proposals which complete the arrangement.

PROPOSITIONAL
Prop`o*si"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or in the nature of, a proposition; considered
as a proposition; as, a propositional sense. I. Watts.

PROPOUND
Pro*pound", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propounded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Propounding.] Etym: [From earlier propone, L. proponere, propositum,
to set forth, propose, propound; pro for, before + ponere to put. See
Position, and cf. Provost.]

1. To offer for consideration; to exhibit; to propose; as, to
propound a question; to propound an argument. Shak.
And darest thou to the Son of God propound To worship thee, accursed
Milton.
It is strange folly to set ourselves no mark, to propound no end, in
the hearing of the gospel. Coleridge.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: To propose or name as a candidate for admission to communion
with a church.

PROPOUNDER
Pro*pound"er, n.

Defn: One who propounds, proposes, or offers for consideration.
Chillingworth.

PROPRETOR
Pro*pre"tor, n. Etym: [L. propraetor; pro for, before + praetor a
pretor.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A magistrate who, having been pretor at home, was appointed to
the government of a province. [Written also proprætor.]

PROPRIETARY
Pro*pri"e*ta*ry, n.; pl. Proprietaries. Etym: [L. proprietarius: cf.
F. propriétaire. See Propriety, and cf. Proprietor.]

1. A proprietor or owner; one who has exclusive title to a thing; one
who possesses, or holds the title to, a thing in his own right.
Fuller.

2. A body proprietors, taken collectively.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: A monk who had reserved goods and effects to himself,
notwithstanding his renunciation of all at the time of profession.

PROPRIETARY
Pro*pri"e*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. proprietarius.]

Defn: Belonging, or pertaining, to a proprietor; considered as
property; owned; as, proprietary medicine. Proprietary articles,
manufactured articles which some person or persons have exclusive
right to make and sell. U. S. Statutes.

PROPRIETOR
Pro*pri"e*tor, n. Etym: [For older proprietary: cf. F. propriétarie.]

Defn: One who has the legal right or exclusive title to anything,
whether in possession or not; an owner; as, the proprietor of farm or
of a mill.

PROPRIETORIAL
Pro*pri`e*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ownership; proprietary; as, proprietorial
rights.

PROPRIETORSHIP
Pro*pri"e*tor*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being proprietor; ownership.

PROPRIETRESS
Pro*pri"e*tress, n.

Defn: A female proprietor.

PROPRIETY
Pro*pri"e*ty, n.; pl. Proprieties. Etym: [F. propriété, L.
proprietas, fr. proprius one's own, proper. See Property, Proper.]

1. Individual right to hold property; ownership by personal title;
property. [Obs.] "Onles this propriety be exiled." Robynson (More's
Utopia).
So are the proprieties of a wife to be disposed of by her lord, and
yet all are for her provisions, it being a part of his need to
refresh and supply hers. Jer. Taylor.

2. That which is proper or peculiar; an inherent property or quality;
peculiarity. [Obs.] Bacon.
We find no mention hereof in ancient zoögraphers, . . . who seldom
forget proprieties of such a nature. Sir T. Browne.

3. The quality or state of being proper; suitableness to an
acknowledged or correct standard or rule; consonance with established
principles, rules, or customs; fitness; appropriateness; as,
propriety of behavior, language, manners, etc. "The rule of
propriety," Locke.

PROPROCTOR
Pro*proc"tor, n. Etym: [Pref. pro- + proctor.] [Eng. Univ.]

Defn: A assistant proctor. Hook.

PROPS
Props, n. pl.

Defn: A game of chance, in which four sea shells, each called a prop,
are used instead of dice.

PROPTERYGIUM
Prop`te*ryg"i*um, n; pl. Propterygia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The anterior of three principal cartilages in the fins of some
fishes.
 -- Prop`ter*yg"i*al, a.

PROPUGN
Pro*pugn", v. t. Etym: [L. propugnare; pro for + pugnare to fight.]

Defn: To contend for; to defend; to vindicate. [Obs.] Hammond.

PROPUGNACLE
Pro*pug"na*cle, n. Etym: [L. propugnaculum.]

Defn: A fortress. [Obs.] Howell.

PROPUGNATION
Pro`pug*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. propugnatio.]

Defn: Means of defense; defense. [Obs.] Shak.

PROPUGNER
Pro*pugn"er, n.

Defn: A defender; a vindicator. "Zealous propugners." Gov. of Tongue.

PROPULSATION
Pro`pul*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. propulsatio. See Propulse.]

Defn: The act of driving away or repelling; a keeping at a distance.
[Obs.] Bp. Hall.

PROPULSE
Pro*pulse", v. t. Etym: [L. propulsare, v. intens. from propellere to
propel. See Propel.]

Defn: To repel; to drive off or away. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

PROPULSION
Pro*pul"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. propulsion. See Propel.]

1. The act driving forward or away; the act or process of propelling;
as, steam propulsion.

2. An impelling act or movement.
God works in all things; all obey His first propulsion. Whittier.

PROPULSIVE
Pro*pul"sive, a.

Defn: Tending, or having power, to propel; driving on; urging. "[The]
propulsive movement of the verse." Coleridge.

PROPULSORY
Pro*pul"so*ry, a.

Defn: Propulsive.

PROPYL
Pro"pyl, n. Etym: [Propionic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical C3H7, regarded as the essential
residue of propane and related compounds.

PROPYLAEUM
Prop`y*læ"um, n.; pl. Propylæa. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Anc. Classical
Arch.)

Defn: Any court or vestibule before a building or leading into any
inclosure.

PROPYLENE
Pro"pyl*ene, n. Etym: [Cf. F. propylène.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless gaseous hydrocarbon (C3H6) of the ethylene series,
having a garlic odor. It occurs in coal gas, and is produced
artificially in various ways. Called also propene.

PROPYLIC
Pro*pyl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, propyl; as,
propylic alcohol.

PROPYLIDENE
Pro*pyl"i*dene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Propidene.

PROPYLON
Prop"y*lon, n.; pl. Propyla. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anc. Arch.)

Defn: The porch, vestibule, or entrance of an edifice.

PRO RATA
Pro` ra"ta. Etym: [L.]

Defn: In proportion; proportionately; according to the share,
interest, or liability of each.

PRORATABLE
Pro*rat"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being prorated, or divided proportionately. [U.S.]

PRORATE
Pro*rate", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prorated; p. pr. & vb. n. Prorating.]
Etym: [From L. pro rata (sc. parte) according to a certain part, in
proportion.]

Defn: To divide or distribute proportionally; to assess pro rata.
[U.S.]

PRORE
Prore, n. Etym: [L. prora, Gr. prora. See Prow, n.]

Defn: The prow or fore part of a ship. [Poetic] "Galleys with
vermilion prores." Pope.

PRORECTOR
Pro*rec"tor, n. Etym: [NL. See Pro-, and Rector.]

Defn: An officer who presides over the academic senate of a German
university. Heyse.

PRORECTORATE
Pro*rec"tor*ate, n.

Defn: The office of prorector.

PRORENAL
Pro*re"nal, a. Etym: [Pref. pro- + renal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pronephric.

PROREPTION
Pro*rep"tion, n. Etym: [L. prorepere, proreptum, to creep forth; pro
+ repere.]

Defn: A creeping on.

PRORHINAL
Pro*rhi"nal, a. Etym: [Pref. pro- + rhinal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated in front of the nasal chambers.

PROROGATE
Pro"ro*gate, v. t.

Defn: To prorogue. [R.]

PROROGATION
Pro`ro*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. prorogatio: cf. F. prorogation.]

1. The act of counting in duration; prolongation. [Obs.] South.

2. The act of proroguing; the ending of the session of Parliament,
and postponing of its business, by the command of the sovereign.
[Eng.]

Note: After an adjournment all things continue as they were at the
adjournment; whereas, after a prorogation, bill introduced and nut
passed are as if they had never been begun at all. Mozley & W.

PROROGUE
Pro*rogue", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prorogued; p. pr. & vb. n.
Proroguing.] Etym: [F. proroger, L. prorogare, prorogatum; pro
forward + rogare to ask, to ask one for his opinion or vote, or about
a law. See Rogation.]

1. To protract; to prolong; to extend. [Obs.]
He prorogued his government. Dryden.

2. To defer; to delay; to postpone; as, to proroguedeath; to prorogue
a marriage. Shak.

3. To end the session of a parliament by an order of the sovereign,
thus deferring its business.
Parliament was prorogued to [meet at] Westminster. Bp. Hall.
The Parliament was again prorogued to a distant day. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- To adjourn; postpone; defer. See Adjourn.

PRORUPTION
Pro*rup"tion, n. Etym: [L. proruptio, fr. prorumpere, proruptum, to
break forth; pro forth + rumpere to break.]

Defn: The act or state of bursting forth; a bursting out. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.

PROSAIC; PROSAICAL
Pro*sa"ic, Pro*sa"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. prosaius, from prosa prose: cf.
F,. prosaïque. See Prose.]

1. Of or pertaining to prose; resembling prose; in the form of prose;
unpoetical; writing or using prose; as, a prosaic composition.
Cudworth.

2. Dull; uninteresting; commonplace; unimaginative; prosy; as, a
prosaic person. Ed. Rev.
 -- Pro*sa"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Pro*sa"ic*al*ness, n.

PROSAICISM
Pro*sa"i*cism, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being prosaic; a prosaic manner or
style. [R.] Poe.

PROSAISM
Pro"sa*ism, n.

Defn: That which is in the form of prose writing; a prosaic manner.
Coleridge.

PROSAIST
Pro"sa*ist, n.

Defn: A writer of prose; an unpoetical writer. "An estimable
prosaist." I. Taylor.

PROSAL
Pro"sal, a

Defn: Of or pertaining to prose; prosaic. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

PROSCENIUM
Pro*sce"ni*um, n.; pl. Proscenia. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Scene.]

1. (Anc. Theater)

Defn: The part where the actors performed; the stage.

2. (Modern Theater)

Defn: The part of the stage in front of the curtain; sometimes, the
curtain and its framework. proscenium arch, the framework around the
front of the stage.

PROSCOLEX
Pro*sco"lex, n.; pl. Proscolices. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An early larval form of a trematode worm; a redia. See Redia.

PROSCRIBE
Pro*scribe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proscribed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Proscribing.] Etym: [L. proscribere, proscriptum, to write before, to
publish, proscribe; pro before + scribere to write. See Scribe. The
sense of this word originated in the Roman practice of writing the
names of persons doomed to death, and posting the list in public.]

1. To doom to destruction; to put out of the protection of law; to
outlaw; to exile; as, Sylla and Marius proscribed each other's
adherents.
Robert Vere, Earl of Oxford, . . . was banished the realm, and
proscribed. Spenser.

2. To denounce and condemn; to interdict; to prohibit; as, the
Puritans proscribed theaters.
The Arian doctrines were proscribed and anathematized in the famous
Council of Nice. Waterland.

PROSCRIBER
Pro*scrib"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, proscribes, denounces, or prohibits.

PROSCRIPT
Pro"script, n. Etym: [See Proscribe.]

1. A proscription; a prohibition; an interdict. [R.]

2. One who is proscribed. [R.]

PROSCRIPTION
Pro*scrip"tion, n. Etym: [L. proscriptio: cf. F. proscription.]

1. The act of proscribing; a dooming to death or exile; outlawry;
specifically, among the ancient Romans, the public offer of a reward
for the head of a political enemy; as, under the triumvirate, many of
the best Roman citizens fell by proscription.
Every victory by either party had been followed by a sanguinary
proscription. Macaulay.

2. The state of being proscribed; denunciation; interdiction;
prohibition. Macaulay.

PROSCRIPTIONAL
Pro*scrip"tion*al, a.

Defn: Proscriptive.

PROSCRIPTIONIST
Pro*scrip"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who proscribes.

PROSCRIPTIVE
Pro*scrip"tive, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to proscription; consisting in, or of the
nature of, proscription; proscribing. Burke.
 -- Pro*scrip"tive*ly, adv.

PROSE
Prose, n. Etym: [F. prose, L. prosa, fr. prorsus, prosus, straight
forward, straight on, for proversus; pro forward + versus, p. p. of
vertere to turn. See Verse.]

1. The ordinary language of men in speaking or writing; language not
cast in poetical measure or rhythm; -- contradistinguished from
verse, or metrical composition.
I speak in prose, and let him rymes make. Chaucer.
Things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme. Milton.
I wish our clever young poets would remember my homely definitions of
prose and poetry, that is; prose -- words in their best order; poetry
-- the best order. Coleridge.

2. Hence, language which evinces little imagination or animation;
dull and commonplace discourse.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A hymn with no regular meter, sometimes introduced into the
Mass. See Sequence.

PROSE
Prose, a.

1. Pertaining to, or composed of, prose; not in verse; as, prose
composition.

2. Possessing or exhibiting unpoetical characteristics; plain; dull;
prosaic; as, the prose duties of life.

PROSE
Prose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prosed; p. pr. & vb. n. Prosing.]

1. To write in prose.

2. To write or repeat in a dull, tedious, or prosy way.

PROSE
Prose, v. i.

1. To write prose.
Prosing or versing, but chiefly this latter. Milton.

PROSECTOR
Pro*sec"tor, n. Etym: [L., an anatomist, from prosecare to cut up;
pro before + secare to cut.]

Defn: One who makes dissections for anatomical illustration; usually,
the assistant of a professional anatomist.

PROSECUTABLE
Pros"e*cu`ta*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being prosecuted; liable to prosecution.

PROSECUTE
Pros"e*cute, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prosecuted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prosecuting.] Etym: [L. prosecutus, p. p. of prosequi to follow,
pursue. See Pursue.]

1. To follow or pursue with a view to reach, execute, or accomplish;
to endeavor to obtain or complete; to carry on; to continue; as, to
prosecute a scheme, hope, or claim.
I am beloved Hermia; Why should not I, then, prosecute my right Shak.

2. To seek to obtain by legal process; as, to prosecute a right or a
claim in a court of law.

3. (Law)

Defn: To pursue with the intention of punishing; to accuse of some
crime or breach of law, or to pursue for redress or punishment,
before a legal tribunal; to proceed against judicially; as, to
prosecute a man for trespass, or for a riot.
To acquit themselves and prosecute their foes. Milton.

PROSECUTE
Pros"e*cute, v. i.

1. To follow after. [Obs.] Latimer.

2. (Law)

Defn: To institute and carry on a legal prosecution; as, to prosecute
for public offenses. Blackstone.

PROSECUTION
Pros`e*cu"tion, n. Etym: [L. prosecutio a following.]

1. The act or process of prosecuting, or of endeavoring to gain or
accomplish something; pursuit by efforts of body or mind; as, the
prosecution of a scheme, plan, design, or undertaking; the
prosecution of war.
Keeping a sharp eye on her domestics . . . in prosecution of their
various duties. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Law)
(a) The institution and carrying on of a suit in a court of law or
equity, to obtain some right, or to redress and punish some wrong;
the carrying on of a judicial proceeding in behalf of a complaining
party, as distinguished from defense.
(b) The institution, or commencement, and continuance of a criminal
suit; the process of exhibiting formal charges against an offender
before a legal tribunal, and pursuing them to final judgment on
behalf of the state or government, as by indictment or information.
(c) The party by whom criminal proceedings are instituted.
Blackstone. Burrill. Mozley & W.

PROSECUTOR
Pros"e*cu`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. L.prosecutor an attendant.]

1. One who prosecutes or carries on any purpose, plan, or business.

2. (Law)

Defn: The person who institutes and carries on a criminal suit
against another in the name of the government. Blackstone.

PROSECUTRIX
Pros"e*cu`trix, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A female prosecutor.

PROSELYTE
Pros"e*lyte, n. Etym: [OE. proselite, OF. proselite, F. proselytus,
Gr.

Defn: A new convert especially a convert to some religion or
religious sect, or to some particular opinion, system, or party;
thus, a Gentile converted to Judaism, or a pagan converted to
Christianity, is a proselyte.
Ye [Scribes and Pharisees] compass sea and land to make one
proselyte. Matt. xxiii. 15.
Fresh confidence the speculatist takes From every harebrained
proselyte he makes. Cowper.

Syn.
 -- See Convert.

PROSELYTE
Pros"e*lyte, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proselyted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Proselyting.]

Defn: To convert to some religion, opinion, or system; to bring over.
Dr. H. More.

PROSELYTISM
Pros"e*ly*tism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. prosélytisme.]

1. The act or practice of proselyting; the making of converts to a
religion or a religious sect, or to any opinion, system, or party.
They were possessed of a spirit of proselytism in the most fanatical
degree. Burke.

2. Conversion to a religion, system, or party.

PROSELYTIZE
Pros"e*ly*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. proselytized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Proselytizing.]

Defn: To convert to some religion, system, opinion, or the like; to
bring, or cause to come, over; to proselyte.
One of those whom they endeavor to proselytize. Burke.

PROSELYTIZE
Pros"e*ly*tize, v. i.

Defn: To make converts or proselytes.

PROSELYTIZER
Pros"e*ly*ti`zer, n.

Defn: One who proselytes.

PROSEMAN
Prose"man, n.

Defn: A writer of prose. [R.]

PROSEMINARY
Pro*sem"i*na*ry, n.

Defn: A seminary which prepares pupils for a higher institution. T.
Warton.

PROSEMINATION
Pro*sem`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. proseminare, proseminatum, to
disseminate.]

Defn: Propagation by seed. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

PROSENCEPHALIC
Pros*en`ce*phal"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the prosencephalon.

PROSENCEPHALON
Pros`en*ceph"a*lon, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. encephalon.] [Sometimes
abbreviated to proen.] (Anat.)
(a) The anterior segment of the brain, including the cerebrum and
olfactory lobes; the forebrain.
(b) The cerebrum. Huxley.

PROSENCHYMA
Pros*en"chy*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -enchyma, as in parenchyma.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A general term applied to the tissues formed of elongated
cells, especially those with pointed or oblique extremities, as the
principal cells of ordinary wood.

PROSER
Pros"er, n.

1. A writer of prose. [Obs.]

2. One who talks or writes tediously. Sir W. Scott.

PROSILIENCY
Pro*sil"i*en*cy, n. Etym: [L. prosilere to leap forth.]

Defn: The act of leaping forth or forward; projection. "Such
prosiliency of relief." Coleridge.

PROSILY
Pros"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a prosy manner.

PROSIMETRICAL
Pros`i*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Prose + metrical.]

Defn: Consisting both of prose and verse. Clarke.

PROSIMIAE
Pro*sim"i*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pro-. and Simia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Lemuroidea.

PROSINESS
Pros"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being prosy; tediousness; tiresomeness.

PROSING
Pros"ing, n.

Defn: Writing prose; speaking or writing in a tedious or prosy
manner. Sir W. Scott.

PROSINGLY
Pros"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Prosily.

PROSIPHON
Pro*si"phon, n. Etym: [Pref. pro- for + siphon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A minute tube found in the protocon

PROSIT
Pro"sit, interj. [L., 3d pers. sing. subj. present of prodesse to do
good; pro for + esse to be.]

Defn: Lit., may it do (you) good; -- a salutation used in well
wishing, esp. among Germans, as in drinking healths.

PROSLAVERY
Pro*slav"er*y, a. Etym: [Pref. pro- + slavery.]

Defn: Favoring slavery.
 -- n.

Defn: Advocacy of slavery.

PROSOBRANCH
Pros"o*branch, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Prosobranchiata.

PROSOBRANCHIATA
Pros`o*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The highest division, or subclass, of gastropod mollusks,
including those that have the gills situated anteriorly, or forward
of the heart, and the sexes separate.

PROSOCOELE
Pros"o*coele, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The entire cavity of the prosencephalon. B. G. Wilder.

PROSOCOELIA
Pros`o*coe"li*a, n.; pl. Prosocoelle, Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Prosocoele.

PROSODIACAL
Pros`o*di"a*cal, a.

Defn: Prosodical.

PROSODIACALLY
Pros`o*di"a*cal*ly, adv.

Defn: Prosodically.

PROSODIAL
Pro*so"di*al, a.

Defn: Prosodical.

PROSODIAN
Pro*so"di*an, n.

Defn: A prosodist. Rush.

PROSODICAL
Pro*sod"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. prosodique, L. prosodiacus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to prosody; according to the rules of prosody.
 -- Pro*sod"ic*al*ly, adv.

PROSODIST
Pros"o*dist, n.

Defn: One skilled in prosody.

PROSODY
Pros"o*dy, n. Etym: [L. prosodia the tone or accent of a syllable,
Gr. prosodie. See Ode.]

Defn: That part of grammar which treats of the quantity of syllables,
of accent, and of the laws of versification or metrical composition.

PROSOMA
Pro*so"ma, n.; pl. Prosomata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The anterior of the body of an animal, as of a cephalopod; the
thorax of an arthropod.

PROSOPALGIA
Pros`o*pal"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Facial neuralgia.

PROSOPOCEPHALA
Pros`o*po*ceph`a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Scaphopoda.

PROSOPOLEPSY
Pros`o*po*lep"sy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Respect of persons; especially, a premature opinion or
prejudice against a person, formed from his external appearance. [R.]
Addison.

PROSOPOPOEIA
Pros`o*po*poe"ia, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which things are represented as persons, or by
which things inanimate are spoken of as animated beings; also, a
figure by which an absent person is introduced as speaking, or a
deceased person is represented as alive and present. It includes
personification, but is more extensive in its signification.

PROSOPULMONATA
Pros`o*pul`mo*na"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. pulmo a lung.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of pulmonate mollusks having the breathing organ
situated on the neck, as in the common snail.

PROSPECT
Pros"pect, n. Etym: [L. prospectus, fr. prospicere, prospectum, to
look forward; pro before, forward + specere, spicere, look, to see:
cf. OF. prospect. See Spy, v., and cf. Prospectus.]

1. That which is embraced by eye in vision; the region which the eye
overlooks at one time; view; scene; outlook.
His eye discovers unaware The goodly prospect of some foreign land.
Milton.

2. Especially, a picturesque or widely extended view; a landscape;
hence, a sketch of a landscape.
I went to Putney . . . to take prospects in crayon. Evelyn.

3. A position affording a fine view; a lookout. [R.]
Him God beholding from his prospect high. Milton.

4. Relative position of the front of a building or other structure;
face; relative aspect.
And their prospect was toward the south. Ezek. xl. 44.

5. The act of looking forward; foresight; anticipation; as, a
prospect of the future state. Locke.
Is he a prudent man as to his temporal estate, that lays designs only
for a day, without any prospect to, or provision for, the remaining
part of life Tillotson.

6. That which is hoped for; ground for hope or expectation;
expectation; probable result; as, the prospect of success. "To
brighter prospects born." Cowper.
These swell their prospectsd exalt their pride, When offers are
disdain'd, and love deny'd. Pope.

PROSPECT
Pros"pect, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prospected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prospecting.]

Defn: To look over; to explore or examine for something; as, to
prospect a district for gold.

PROSPECT
Pros"pect, v. i.

Defn: To make a search; to seek; to explore, as for mines or the
like; as, to prospect for gold.

PROSPECTION
Pro*spec"tion, n.

Defn: The act of looking forward, or of providing for future wants;
foresight.

PROSPECTIVE
Pro*spec"tive, a. Etym: [L. prospectivus: cf. F. prospectif. See
Prospect, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to a prospect; furnishing a prospect;
perspective. [Obs.]
Time's long and dark prospective glass. Milton.

2. Looking forward in time; acting with foresight; -- opposed to
retrospective.
The French king of Sweden are circumspect, industrious, and
prospective, too, in this affair. Sir J. Child.

3. Being within view or consideration, as a future event or
contingency; relating to the future: expected; as, a prospective
benefit.
Points on which the promises, at the time of ordination, had no
prospective bearing. W. Jay.

PROSPECTIVE
Pro*spec"tive, n.

1. The scene before or around, in time or in space; view; prospect.
Sir H. Wotton.

2. A perspective glass. [Obs.] Chaucer. Beau. & Fl.

PROSPECTIVELY
Pro*spec"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a prospective manner.

PROSPECTIVENESS
Pro*spec"tive*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being prospective.

PROSPECTLESS
Pros"pect*less, a.

Defn: Having no prospect.

PROSPECTOR
Pros"pect*or, n. Etym: [L., one who looks out.]

Defn: One who prospects; especially, one who explores a region for
minerals and precious metals.

PROSPECTUS
Pro*spec"tus, n. Etym: [L., a prospect, sight, view: cf. F.
prospectus. See Prospect.]

Defn: A summary, plan, or scheme of something proposed, affording a
prospect of its nature; especially, an exposition of the scheme of an
unpublished literary work.

PROSPER
Pros"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prospered; p. pr. & vb. n. Prospering.]
Etym: [F. prospérer v. i., or L. prosperare, v. i., or L. prosperare,
v. t., fr. prosper or prosperus. See Prosperous.]

Defn: To favor; to render successful. "Prosper thou our handiwork."
Bk. of Common Prayer.
All things concur toprosper our design. Dryden.

PROSPER
Pros"per, v. i.

1. To be successful; to succeed; to be fortunate or prosperous; to
thrive; to make gain.
They, in their earthly Canaan placed, Long time shall dwell and
prosper. Milton.

2. To grow; to increase. [Obs.]
Black cherry trees prosper even to considerable timber. Evelyn.

PROSPERITY
Pros*per"i*ty, n. Etym: [F. prospérité, L. prosperitas. See
Prosperous.]

Defn: The state of being prosperous; advance or gain in anything good
or desirable; successful progress in any business or enterprise;
attainment of the object desired; good fortune; success; as,
commercial prosperity; national prosperity.
Now prosperity begins to mellow. Shak.
Prosperities can only be enjoyed by them who fear not at all to lose
the Jer. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- Fortunate; successful; flourishing; thriving; favorable;
auspicious; lucky. See Fortunate.
 -- Pros"per*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Pros"per*ous*ness, n.

PROSPEROUS
Pros"per*ous, a. [L. prosperus or prosper, originally, answering to
hope; pro according to + the root of sperare to hope.  See Despair.]

1. Tending to prosperity; favoring; favorable; helpful.

A happy passage and a prosperous wind.
Denham.

2. Being prospered; advancing in the pursuit of anything desirable;
making gain, or increase; thriving; successful; as, a prosperous
voyage; a prosperous undertaking; a prosperous man or nation.

By moderation either state to bear
Prosperous or adverse.
Milton.

Syn. -- Fortunate; successful; flourishing; thriving; favorable;
auspicious; lucky. See Fortunate.

-- Pros"per*ous*ly, adv. --Pros"per*ous*ness, n.

PROSPHYSIS
Pros"phy*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A growing together of parts; specifically, a morbid adhesion of
the eyelids to each other or to the eyeball. Dunglison.

PROSPICIENCE
Pro*spi"cience, n. Etym: [L. prospicientia, fr. prospiciens, p. pr.
of prospicere. See Prospect.]

Defn: The act of looking forward.

PROSTATE
Pros"tate, a.Etym: [Gr. prostate.] (Anat.)

Defn: Standing before; -- applied to a gland which is found in the
males of most mammals, and is situated at the neck of the bladder
where this joins the urethra.
 -- n.

Defn: The prostate gland.

PROSTATIC
Pro*stat"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the prostate gland. Prostatic catheter.
(Med.) See under Catheter.

PROSTATITIS
Pros`ta*ti"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Prostate, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the prostate.

PROSTERNATION
Pros`ter*na"tion, n. Etym: [F. See Prostration.]

Defn: Dejection; depression. [Obs.] Wiseman.

PROSTERNUM
Pro*ster"num, n. Etym: [NL. See Pro- and Sternum.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ventral plate of the prothorax of an insect.

PROSTHESIS
Pros"the*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Surg.)

Defn: The addition to the human body of some artificial part, to
replace one that is wanting, as a log or an eye; -- called also
prothesis.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: The prefixing of one or more letters to the beginning of a
word, as in beloved.

PROSTHETIC
Pros*thet"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to prosthesis; prefixed, as a letter or
letters to a word.

PROSTIBULOUS
Pros*tib"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. prostibulum prostitute.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to prostitutes or prostitution; meretricious.
[Obs.] Bale.

PROSTITUTE
Pros"ti*tute, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prostituted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prostituting.] Etym: [L. prostitutus, p. p. of prostituere to
prostitute; pro before, forth + statuere to put, place. See Statute.]

1. To offer, as a woman, to a lewd use; to give up to lewdness for
hire. "Do not prostitute thy daughter." Lev. xix. 29.

2. To devote to base or unworthy purposes; to give up to low or
indiscriminate use; as, to prostitute talents; to prostitute official
powers. Milton.

PROSTITUTE
Pros"ti*tute, a. Etym: [L. prostitutus, p. p.]

Defn: Openly given up to lewdness; devoted to base or infamous
purposes.
Made bold by want, and prostitute for bread. Prior

PROSTITUTE
Pros"ti*tute, n. Etym: [L. prostituta.]

1. A woman giver to indiscriminate lewdness; a strumpet; a harlot.

2. A base hireling; a mercenary; one who offers himself to infamous
employments for hire.
No hireling she, no prostitute to praise. Pope.

PROSTITUTION
Pros`ti*tu"tion, n. Etym: [L. prostitutio: cf. F. prostitution.]

1. The act or practice of prostituting or offering the body to an
indiscriminate intercourse with men; common lewdness of a woman.

2. The act of setting one's self to sale, or of devoting to infamous
purposes what is in one's power; as, the prostitution of abilities;
the prostitution of the press. "Mental prostitution." Byron.

PROSTITUTOR
Pros"ti*tu`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who prostitutes; one who submits himself, of or offers
another, to vile purposes. Bp. Hurd.

PROSTOMIUM
Pro*sto"mi*um, n.; pl. Prostomia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: That portion of the head of an annelid situated in front of the
mouth.
 -- Pro*sto"mi*al, a.

PROSTRATE
Pros"trate, a. Etym: [L. prostratus, p. p. of prosternere to
prostrate; pro before, forward + sternere to spread out, throw down.
See Stratum.]

1. Lying at length, or with the body extended on the ground or other
surface; stretched out; as, to sleep prostrate Elyot.
Groveling and prostrate on yon lake of fire. Milton.

2. Lying at mercy, as a supplicant. Dryden.

3. Lying in a humble, lowly, or suppliant posture.
Prostrate fall Before him reverent, and there confess Humbly our
faults. Milton.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Trailing on the ground; procumbent.

PROSTRATE
Pros"trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prostrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prostrating.]

1. To lay fiat; to throw down; to level; to fell; as, to prostrate
the body; to prostrate trees or plants. Evelyn.

2. to overthrow; to demolish; to destroy; to deprive of efficiency;
to ruin; as, to prostrate a village; to prostrate a government; to
prostrate law or justice.

3. To throw down, or cause to fall in humility or adoration; to cause
to bow in humble reverence; used reflexively; as, he prostrated
himself. Milman.

4. To cause to sink totally; to deprive of strength; to reduce; as, a
person prostrated by fever.

PROSTRATION
Pros*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. prostratio: cf. F. prostration.]

1. The act of prostrating, throwing down, or laying fiat; as, the
prostration of the body.

2. The act of falling down, or of bowing in humility or adoration;
primarily, the act of falling on the face, but usually applied to
kneeling or bowing in reverence and worship.
A greater prostration of reason than of body. Shak.

3. The condition of being prostrate; great depression; lowness;
dejection; as, a postration of spirits. "A sudden prostration of
strength." Arbuthnot.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A latent, not an exhausted, state of the vital energies; great
oppression of natural strength and vigor.

Note: Prostration, in its medical use, is analogous to the state of a
spring lying under such a weight that it is incapable of action;
while exhaustion is analogous to the state of a spring deprived of
its elastic powers. The word, however, is often used to denote any
great depression of the vital powers.

PROSTYLE
Pro"style, a. Etym: [L. prostylus, Gr. prostyle.] (Arch.)

Defn: Having columns in front.
 -- n.

Defn: A prostyle portico or building.

PROSY
Pros"y, a. [Compar. Prosier; superl. Prosiest.]

1. Of or pertaining to prose; like prose.

2. Dull and tedious in discourse or writing; prosaic.

PROSYLOGISM
Pro*sy"lo*gism, n. Etym: [Pref. pro- + syllogism.] (Logic)

Defn: A syllogism preliminary or logically essential to another
syllogism; the conclusion of such a syllogism, which becomes a
premise of the following syllogism.

PROTACTIC
Pro*tac"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Giving a previous narrative or explanation, as of the plot or
personages of a play; introductory. = 32,500 yrs.) Also called
brevium, Uranium X2 and UX2.

PROTAGON
Pro"ta*gon, n. Etym: [Proto- + Gr. Protagonist. So called because it
was the first definitely ascertained principle of the brain.]
(Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous phosphorized principle found in brain tissue. By
decomposition it yields neurine, fatty acids, and other bodies.

PROTAGONIST
Pro*tag"o*nist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who takes the leading part in a drama; hence, one who takes
lead in some great scene, enterprise, conflict, or the like.
Shakespeare, the protagonist on the great of modern poetry. De
Quincey.

PROTAMIN
Pro"ta*min, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An amorphous nitrogenous substance found in the spermatic fluid
of salmon. It is soluble in water, which an alkaline reaction, and
unites with acids and metallic bases.

PROTANDRIC
Pro*tan"dric, a. Etym: [Proto- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having male sexual organs while young, and female organs later
in life.
 -- Pro*tan"trism, n.

PROTANDROUS
Pro*tan"drous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Proterandrous.

PROTASIS
Prot"a*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. A proposition; a maxim. Johnson.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: The introductory or subordinate member of a sentence, generally
of a conditional sentence; -- opposed to apodosis. See Apodosis.

3. The first part of a drama, of a poem, or the like; the
introduction; opposed to epitasis. B. Jonson.

PROTATIC
Pro*tat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. protaticus, F. protatique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the protasis of an ancient play;
introductory.

PROTEACEOUS
Pro`te*a"ceous, a. Etym: [From Proteus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Proteaceæ, an order of apetalous
evergreen shrubs, mostly natives of the Cape of Good Hope or of
Australia.

PROTEAN
Pro"te*an, a.

1. Of or pertaining to Proteus; characteristic of Proteus. " Protean
transformations." Cudworth.

2. Exceedingly variable; readily assuming different shapes or forms;
as, an amoeba is a protean animalcule.

PROTEANLY
Pro"te*an*ly, adv.

Defn: In a protean manner. Cudworth.

PROTECT
Pro*tect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Protecting.] Etym: [L. protectus, p. p. of protegere, literally, to
cover in front; pro before + tegere to cover. See Tegument.]

Defn: To cover or shield from danger or injury; to defend; to guard;
to preserve in safety; as, a father protects his children.
The gods of Greece protect you! Shak.

Syn.
 -- To guard; shield; preserve. See Defend.

PROTECTINGLY
Pro*tect"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of protection; in a protective manner.

PROTECTION
Pro*tec"tion, n. Etym: [L. protectio: cf. F. protection.]

1. The act of protecting, or the state of being protected;
preservation from loss, injury, or annoyance; defense; shelter; as,
the weak need protection.
To your protection I commend me, gods. Shak.

2. That which protects or preserves from injury; a defense; a shield;
a refuge.
Let them rise up . . . and be your protection. Deut. xxxii. 38.

3. A writing that protects or secures from molestation or arrest; a
pass; a safe-conduct; a passport.
He . . . gave them protections under his hand. Macaulay.

4. (Polit. Econ.)

Defn: A theory, or a policy, of protecting the producers in a country
from foreign competition in the home market by the imposition of such
discriminating duties on goods of foreign production as will restrict
or prevent their importation; -- opposed to free trade. Writ of
protection. (Law) (a) A writ by which the king formerly exempted a
person from arrest; -- now disused. [Eng.] Blackstone. (b) A judicial
writ issued to a person required to attend court, as party, juror,
etc., intended to secure him from arrest in coming, staying, and
returning.

Syn.
 -- Preservation; defense; guard; shelter; refuge; security; safety.

PROTECTIONISM
Pro*tec"tion*ism, n. (Polit. Econ.)

Defn: The doctrine or policy of protectionists. See Protection, 4.

PROTECTIONIST
Pro*tec"tion*ist, n. (Polit. Econ.)

Defn: One who favors protection. See Protection, 4.

PROTECTIVE
Pro*tect"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. protectif.]

Defn: Affording protection; sheltering; defensive. " The favor of a
protective Providence." Feltham. Protective coloring (Zoöl.),
coloring which serves for the concealment and preservation of a
living organism. Cf. Mimicry. Wallace.
 -- Protective tariff (Polit. Econ.), a tariff designed to secure
protection (see Protection, 4.), as distinguished from a tariff
designed to raise revenue. See Tariff, and Protection, 4.

PROTECTIVENESS
Pro*tect"ive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being protective. W. Pater.

PROTECTOR
Pro*tect"or, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. protecteur.]

1. One who, or that which, defends or shields from injury, evil,
oppression, etc.; a defender; a guardian; a patron.
For the world's protector shall be known. Waller.

2. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: One having the care of the kingdom during the king's minority;
a regent.
Is it concluded he shall be protector ! Shak.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A cardinal, from one of the more considerable Roman Catholic
nations, who looks after the interests of his people at Rome; also, a
cardinal who has the same relation to a college, religious order,
etc. Lord Protector (Eng. Hist.), the title of Oliver Cromwell as
supreme governor of the British Commonwealth (1653-1658).

PROTECTORAL
Pro*tect"or*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a protector; protectorial; as, protectoral
power.

PROTECTORATE
Pro*tect"or*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. protectorat.]

1. Government by a protector; -- applied especially to the government
of England by Oliver Cromwell.

2. The authority assumed by a superior power over an inferior or a
dependent one, whereby the former protects the latter from invasion
and shares in the management of its affairs.

PROTECTORIAL
Pro`tec*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. L. protectorius.]

Defn: Same as Protectoral.

PROTECTORLESS
Pro*tect"or*less, a.

Defn: Having no protector; unprotected.

PROTECTORSHIP
Pro*tect"or*ship

Defn: , The office of a protector or regent; protectorate.

PROTECTRESS; PROTECTRIX
Pro*tect"ress, Pro*tect"rix, n. Etym: [NL. protectrix.]

Defn: A woman who protects.

PROTEGE; PROTEGEE
Pro`té`gé", n. m. Pro`té`gée", n. f. Etym: [F., p. p. of protéger.
See Protect.]

Defn: One under the care and protection of another.

PROTEID
Pro"te*id, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of amorphous nitrogenous principles, containing,
as a rule, a small amount of sulphur; an albuminoid, as blood fibrin,
casein of milk, etc. Proteids are present in nearly all animal fluids
and make up the greater part of animal tissues and organs. They are
also important constituents of vegetable tissues. See 2d Note under
Food.
 -- Pro"te*id, a.

PROTEIDEA
Pro`te*id"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Proteus, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of aquatic amphibians having prominent external gills
and four legs. It includes Proteus and Menobranchus (Necturus).
Called also Proteoidea, and Proteida.

PROTEIFORM
Pro*te"i*form, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Changeable in form; resembling a Proteus, or an amoeba.

PROTEIN
Pro"te*in, n. Etym: [Gr. prw	os first: cf. prwtei^on the first
place.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A body now known as alkali albumin, but originally considered
to be the basis of all albuminous substances, whence its name.
Protein crystal. (Bot.) See Crystalloid, n., 2.

PROTEINACEOUS
Pro`te*i*na"*ceous, a. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Of or related to protein; albuminous; proteid.

PROTEINOUS
Pro*te"i*nous, a.

Defn: Proteinaceuos.

PROTELES
Pro"te*les, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South Africa genus of Carnivora, allied to the hyenas, but
smaller and having weaker jaws and teeth. It includes the aard-wolf.

PROTEND
Pro*tend" v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protended; p. pr. & vb. n. Protending.]
Etym: [L. protendere, protensum; pro before, forth + tendere to
stretch.]

Defn: To hold out; to stretch forth. [Obs.]
With his protended lance he makes defence. Dryden
.

PROTENSE
Pro*tense", n. Etym: [See Protend.]

Defn: Extension.[Obs.] " By due degrees and long protense." Spenser.

PROTENSION
Pro*ten"sion, n. Etym: [L. protensio.]

Defn: A drawing out; extension. [R.] Sir W. Hamilton.

PROTENSIVE
Pro*ten"sive, a.

Defn: Drawn out; extended. [R.]
Time is a protensive quantity. Sir W. Hamilton.

PROTEOLYSIS
Pro`te*ol"y*sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Proteolytic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The digestion or dissolving of proteid matter by proteolytic
ferments.

PROTEOLYTIC
Pro`te*o*lyt"ic, a. Etym: [Proteid + Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Converting proteid or albuminous matter into soluble and
diffusible products, as peptones. " The proteolytic ferment of the
pancreas." Foster.

PROTEOSE
Pro"te*ose`, n.  [Proteid + -ose.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of soluble products formed in the digestion of
proteids with gastric and pancreatic juice, and also by the
hydrolytic action of boiling dilute acids on proteids. Proteoses are
divided into the two groups, the primary and secondary proteoses.

PROTERANDROUS
Pro`ter*an"drous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the stamens come to maturity before the pistil; --
opposed to proterogynous.

PROTERANDRY
Pro`ter*an"dry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The condition of being proterandrous.

PROTERANTHOUS
Pro`ter*an"thous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having flowers appearing before the leaves; -- said of certain
plants. Gray.

PROTEROGLYPHA
Pro`te*rog"ly*pha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of serpents including those that have permanently
erect grooved poison fangs, with ordinary teeth behind them in the
jaws. It includes the cobras, the asps, and the sea snakes. Called
also Proteroglyphia.

PROTEROGYNOUS
Pro`ter*og"y*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the pistil come to maturity before the stamens;
protogynous; -- opposed to proterandrous.

PROTEROSAURUS
Pro`te*ro*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of reptiles of the Permian period. Called also
Protosaurus.

PROTERVITY
Pro*ter"vi*ty, n. Etym: [L. protervitas, from protervus violent.]

Defn: Peevishness; petulance. [Obs.] Fuller.

PROTEST
Pro*test", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Protested; p. pr. & vb. n.
Protesting.] Etym: [F. protester, L. protestari, pro before + testari
to be a witness, testis a witness. See Testify.]

1. To affirm in a public or formal manner; to bear witness; to
declare solemnly; to avow.
He protest that his measures are pacific. Landor.
The lady doth protest too much, methinks. Shak.

2. To make a solemn declaration (often a written one) expressive of
opposition; -- with against; as, he protest against your votes.
Denham.
The conscience has power . . . to protest againts the exorbitancies
of the passions. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To affirm; asseverate; assert; aver; attest; testify; declare;
profess. See Affirm.

PROTEST
Pro*test", v. t.

1. To make a solemn declaration or affirmation of; to proclaim; to
display; as, to protest one's loyalty.
I will protest your cowardice. Shak.

2. To call as a witness in affirming or denying, or to prove an
affirmation; to appeal to.
Fiercely [they] opposed My journey strange, with clamorous uproar
Protesting fate supreme. Milton.
To protest a bill or note (Law), to make a solemn written
declaration, in due form, on behalf of the holder, against all
parties liable for any loss or damage to be sustained by the
nonacceptance or the nonpayment of the bill or note, as the case may
be. This should be made by a notary public, whose seal it is the
usual practice to affix. Kent. Story.

PROTEST
Pro"test, n. Etym: [Cf. F. protêt, It. protesto. See Protest, v.]

1. A solemn declaration of opinion, commonly a formal objection
against some act; especially, a formal and solemn declaration, in
writing, of dissent from the proceedings of a legislative body; as,
the protest of lords in Parliament.

2. (Law)
(a) A solemn declaration in writing, in due form, made by a notary
public, usually under his notarial seal, on behalf of the holder of a
bill or note, protesting against all parties liable for any loss or
damage by the nonacceptance or nonpayment of the bill, or by the
nonpayment of the note, as the case may be.
(b) A declaration made by the master of a vessel before a notary,
consul, or other authorized officer, upon his arrival in port after a
disaster, stating the particulars of it, and showing that any damage
or loss sustained was not owing to the fault of the vessel, her
officers or crew, but to the perils of the sea, etc., ads the case
may be, and protesting against them.
(c) A declaration made by a party, before or while paying a tax,
duty, or the like, demanded of him, which he deems illegal, denying
the justice of the demand, and asserting his rights and claims, in
order to show that the payment was not voluntary. Story. Kent.

PROTESTANCY
Prot"es*tan*cy, n.

Defn: Protestantism. [R.]

PROTESTANT
Prot"es*tant, n. Etym: [F. protestant, fr. L. protestans, -antis, p.
pr. of protestare. See Protest, v.]

Defn: One who protests; -- originally applied to those who adhered to
Luther, and protested against, or made a solemn declaration of
dissent from, a decree of the Emperor Charles V. and the Diet of
Spires, in 1529, against the Reformers, and appealed to a general
council; -- now used in a popular sense to designate any Christian
who does not belong to the Roman Catholic or the Greek Church.

PROTESTANT
Prot"es*tant, a. Etym: [Cf. F. protestant.]

1. Making a protest; protesting.

2. Of or pertaining to the faith and practice of those Christians who
reject the authority of the Roman Catholic Church; as, Protestant
writers.

PROTESTANTICAL
Prot`es*tant"ic*al, a.

Defn: Protestant. [Obs.]

PROTESTANTISM
Prot"es*tant*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. protestantisme.]

Defn: The quality or state of being protestant, especially against
the Roman Catholic Church; the principles or religion of the
Protestants.

PROTESTANTLY
Prot"es*tant*ly, adv.

Defn: Like a Protestant; in conformity with Protestantism. [R.]
Milton.

PROTESTATION
Prot`es*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. protestatio: cf. F. protestation. See
Protest.]

1. The act of making a protest; a public avowal; a solemn
declaration, especially of dissent. " The protestation of our faith."
Latimer.

2. (Law)

Defn: Formerly, a declaration in common-law pleading, by which the
party interposes an oblique allegation or denial of some fact,
protesting that it does or does not exist, and at the same time
avoiding a direct affirmation or denial.

PROTESTATOR
Prot"es*ta`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. protestateur.]

Defn: One who makes protestation; a protester.

PROTESTER
Pro*test"er, n.

1. One who protests; one who utters a solemn declaration. Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who protests a bill of exchange, or note.

PROTESTINGLY
Pro*test"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of protesting.

PROTEUS
Pro"te*us, n. Etym: [L., Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A sea god in the service of Neptune who assumed different
shapes at will. Hence, one who easily changes his appearance or
principles.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A genus of aquatic eel-shaped amphibians found in caves in
Austria. They have permanent external gills as well as lungs. The
eyes are small and the legs are weak.
(b) A changeable protozoan; an amoeba.

PROTHALAMION; PROTHALAMIUM
Pro`tha*la"mi*on, Pro`tha*la"mi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A song in celebration of a marriage. Drayton.

PROTHALLIUM
Pro*thal"li*um, n.; pl. Prothallia. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Prothallus.

PROTHALLUS
Pro*thal"lus, n.; pl. Prothalli. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The minute primary growth from the spore of ferns and other
Pteridophyta, which bears the true sexual organs; the oöphoric
generation of ferns, etc.

PROTHESIS
Proth"e*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: A credence table; -- so called by the Eastern or Greek Church.

2. (Med.)

Defn: See Prosthesis. Dunglison.

PROTHETIC
Pro*thet"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to prothesis; as, a prothetic apparatus.

PROTHONOTARY; PROTONOTARY
Pro*thon"o*ta*ry, or; Pro*ton"o*ta*ry, n.; pl. -ries. Etym: [LL.
protonotarius, fr. Gr. prw	os first + L. notarius a shorthand
writer, a scribe: cf. F. protonotaire.]

1. A chief notary or clerk. " My private prothonotary." Herrick.

2. Formerly, a chief clerk in the Court of King's Bench and in the
Court of Common Pleas, now superseded by the master. [Eng.] Wharton.
Burrill.

3. A register or chief clerk of a court in certain States of the
United States.

4. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Formerly, one who had the charge of writing the acts of the
martyrs, and the circumstances of their death; now, one of twelve
persons, constituting a college in the Roman Curia, whose office is
to register pontifical acts and to make and preserve the official
record of beatifications.

5. (Gr. Ch.)

Defn: The chief secretary of the patriarch of Constantinople.
Prothonotary warbler (Zoöl.), a small American warbler (Protonotaria
citrea). The general color is golden yellow, the back is olivaceous,
the rump and tail are ash-color, several outer tail feathers are
partly white.

PROTHONOTARYSHIP
Pro*thon"o*ta*ry*ship, n.

Defn: Office of a prothonotary.

PROTHORACIC
Pro`tho*rac"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the prothorax.

PROTHORAX
Pro*tho"rax, n. Etym: [Pref. pro- + thorax.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The first or anterior segment of the thorax in insects. See
Illusts. of Butterfly and Coleoptera.

PRO THYALOSOMA
Pro* thy`a*lo*so"ma, n.; pl. Prothyalosomata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Biol.)

Defn: The investing portion, or spherical envelope, surrounding the
eccentric germinal spot of the germinal vesicle.

PROTHYALOSOME
Pro*thy"a*lo*some, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Prothyalosoma.

PROTIST
Pro"tist, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Protista.

PROTISTA
Pro*tis"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. prw`tistos first.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A provisional group in which are placed a number of low
microscopic organisms of doubtful nature. Some are probably plants,
others animals.

PROTISTON
Pro*tis"ton, n.; pl. Protista. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Protista.

PROTO-
Pro"to-. Etym: [Gr. prw	os first, a superl. fr. Pro-.]

1. A combining form prefix signifying first, primary, primordial; as,
protomartyr, the first martyr; protomorphic, primitive in form;
protoplast, a primordial organism; prototype, protozoan.

2. (Chem.)
(a) Denoting the first or lowest of a series, or the one having the
smallest amount of the element to the name of which it is prefixed;
as protoxide, protochloride, etc.
(b) Sometimes used as equivalent to mono-, as indicating that the
compound has but one atom of the element to the name of which it is
prefixed. Also used adjectively.

PROTOCANONICAL
Pro`to*ca*non"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the first canon, or that which contains the
authorized collection of the books of Scripture; -- opposed to
deutero-canonical.

PROTOCATECHUIC
Pro`to*cat`e*chu"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an organic acid
which is obtained as a white crystalline substance from catechin,
asafetida, oil of cloves, etc., and by distillation itself yields
pyrocatechin.

PROTOCERCAL
Pro`to*cer"cal, a. Etym: [Proto- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a caudal fin extending around the end of the vertebral
column, like that which is first formed in the embryo of fishes;
diphycercal.

PROTOCOCCUS
Pro`to*coc"cus, n. Etym: [NL. See Proto-, and Coccus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of minute unicellular algæ including the red snow plant
(Protococcus nivalis).

PROTOCOL
Pro"to*col, n. Etym: [F. protocole, LL. protocollum, fr. Gr. prw	os
the first (see Proto-) +

1. The original copy of any writing, as of a deed, treaty, dispatch,
or other instrument. Burrill.

2. The minutes, or rough draught, of an instrument or transaction.

3. (Diplomacy)
(a) A preliminary document upon the basis of which negotiations are
carried on.
(b) A convention not formally ratified.
(c) An agreement of diplomatists indicating the results reached by
them at a particular stage of a negotiation.

PROTOCOL
Pro"to*col, v. t.

Defn: To make a protocol of.

PROTOCOL
Pro"to*col, v. i.

Defn: To make or write protocols, or first draughts; to issue
protocols. Carlyle.

PROTOCOLIST
Pro"to*col`ist, n.

Defn: One who draughts protocols.

PROTOCONCH
Pro"to*conch, n. Etym: [Proto- + conch.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The embryonic shell, or first chamber, of ammonites and other
cephalopods.

PROTO-DORIC
Pro`to-Dor*ic, a. Etym: [Proto- + Doric.] (Arch.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, architecture, in which the
beginnings of the Doric style are supposed to be found.

PROTOGINE
Pro"to*gine, n. Etym: [Proto- + root of Gr. protogyne.] (Min.)

Defn: A kind of granite or gneiss containing a silvery talcose
mineral.

PROTOGYNOUS
Pro*tog"y*nous, a. Etym: [Proto + Gr. gynh` a woman.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Proterogynous.

PROTOHIPPUS
Pro`to*hip"pus, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of fossil horses from the Lower Pliocene. They had
three toes on each foot, the lateral ones being small.

PROTOMARTYR
Pro"to*mar`tyr, n. Etym: [LL., fr. Gr. protomartyr. See Proto-, and
Martyr.]

Defn: The first martyr; the first who suffers, or is sacrificed, in
any cause; -- applied esp. to Stephen, the first Christian martyr.

PROTOMERITE
Pro`to*mer"ite, n. Etym: [Proto- + -mere + -ite.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The second segment of one of the Gregarinæ.

PROTOMETALS
Pro`to*met"als, n. pl.

Defn: A finer form of metals, indicated by enhanced lines in their
spark spectra (which are also observed in the spectra of some stars),
obtained at the highest available laboratory temperatures (Lockyer);
as protocalcium, protochromium, protocopper, protonickel,
protosilicon, protostrontium, prototitanium, protovanadium. --
Pro`to*me*tal"ic (#), a.

PROTOMORPHIC
Pro`to*mor"phic, a. Etym: [Proto- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Having the most primitive character; in the earliest form; as,
a protomorphic layer of tissue. H. Spencer.

PROTONEMA
Pro`to*ne"ma, n.; pl. Protonemata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The primary growth from the spore of a moss, usually consisting
of branching confervoid filaments, on any part of which stem and leaf
buds may be developed.

PROTONOTARY
Pro*ton"o*ta*ry, n.

Defn: Same as Prothonotary.

PROTOORGANISM; PROTOOERGANISM
Pro`to*ör"gan*ism, n. Etym: [Proto- + organism.] (Biol.)

Defn: An organism whose nature is so difficult to determine that it
might be referred to either the animal or the vegetable kingdom.

PROTOPAPAS
Pro`to*pap"as (, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Gr. Ch.)

Defn: A protopope.

PROTOPHYTE
Pro"to*phyte, n. Etym: [Proto- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any unicellular plant, or plant forming only a plasmodium,
having reproduction only by fission, gemmation, or cell division.

Note: The protophytes (Protophyta) are by some botanists considered
an independent branch or class of the vegetable kingdom, and made to
include the lowest forms of both fungi and algæ, as slime molds,
Bacteria, the nostocs, etc. Cf. Carpophyte, and Oöphyte.

PROTOPHYTOLOGY
Pro`to*phy*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Proto- + phytology.]

Defn: Paleobotany.

PROTOPINE
Pro"to*pine, n. Etym: [Proto- + opium.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found in opium in small quantities, and extracted
as a white crystalline substance.

PROTOPLASM
Pro"to*plasm, n. Etym: [Proto- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The viscid and more or less granular material of vegetable and
animal cells, possessed of vital properties by which the processes of
nutrition, secretion, and growth go forward; the so-called " physical
basis of life;" the original cell substance, cytoplasm, cytoblastema,
bioplasm sarcode, etc.

Note: The lowest forms of animal and vegetable life (unicellular
organisms) consist of simple or unaltered protoplasm; the tissues of
the higher organisms, of differentiated protoplasm.

PROTOPLASMATIC
Pro`to*plas*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Protoplasmic.

PROTOPLASMIC
Pro`to*plas"mic, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the first formation of living bodies.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to protoplasm; consisting of, or resembling,
protoplasm.

PROTOPLAST
Pro"to*plast, n. Etym: [L. protoplastus the first man, Gr.

1. The thing first formed; that of which there are subsequent copies
or reproductions; the original.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A first-formed organized body; the first individual, or pair of
individuals, of a species.
A species is a class of individuals, each of which is hypothetically
considered to be the descendant of the same protoplast, or of the
same pair of protoplasts. Latham.

PROTOPLASTA
Pro`to*plas"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of fresh-water rhizopods including those that have a
soft body and delicate branched pseudopodia. The genus Gromia is one
of the best-known.

PROTOPLASTIC
Pro`to*plas"tic, a.

Defn: First-formed. Howell.

PROTOPODITE
Pro*top"o*dite, n. Etym: [Proto- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The basal portion, or two proximal and more or less
consolidated segments, of an appendage of a crustacean.

PROTOPOPE
Pro"to*pope, n. Etym: [Proto- + pope: cf. F. protopope, Russ.
protopop'.] (Gr. Ch.)

Defn: One of the clergy of first rank in the lower order of secular
clergy; an archpriest; -- called also protopapas.

PROTOPTERUS
Pro*top"te*rus, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Komtok.

PROTOSALT
Pro"to*salt, n. Etym: [Proto- + salt.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt derived from a protoxide base. [Obs.]

PROTOSILICATE
Pro`to*sil"i*cate, n. Etym: [Proto- + silicate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A silicate formed with the lowest proportion of silicic acid,
or having but one atom of silicon in the molecule.

PROTOSOMITE
Pro`to*so"mite, n. Etym: [Proto- + somite.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the primitive segments, or metameres, of an animal.

PROTOSULPHIDE
Pro`to*sul"phide, n. Etym: [Proto- + sulphide.] (Chem.)

Defn: That one of a series of sulphides of any element which has the
lowest proportion of sulphur; a sulphide with but one atom of sulphur
in the molecule.

PROTOSULPHURET
Pro`to*sul"phu*ret, n. Etym: [Proto- + sulphuret.] (Chem.)

Defn: A protosulphide. [Obs.]

PROTOTHERIA
Pro`to*the"ri*a n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Monotremata.

PROTOTRACHEATA
Pro`to*tra`che*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Proto-, and Trachea.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Malacopoda.

PROTOTYPE
Pro"to*type, n. Etym: [F., from L. prototypus original, primitive,
Gr. Proto-, and Type]

Defn: An original or model after which anything is copied; the
pattern of anything to be engraved, or otherwise copied, cast, or the
like; a primary form; exemplar; archetype.
They will turn their backs on it, like their great precursor and
prototype. Burke.

PROTOVERTEBRA
Pro`to*ver"te*bra, n.; pl. Protovertebræ . Etym: [Proto- + vertebra.]
(Anat.)

Defn: One of the primitive masses, or segments, into which the
mesoblast of the vertebrate embryo breaks up on either side of the
anterior part of the notochord; a mesoblastic, or protovertebral,
somite. See Illust. of Ectoderm.

Note: The protovertebræ were long regarded as rudiments of the
permanent vertebræ, but they are now known to give rise to the dorsal
muscles and other structures as well as the vertebral column. See
Myotome.

PROTOVERTEBRAL
Pro`to*ver"te*bral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the protovertebræ.

PROTOXIDE
Pro*tox"ide, n. Etym: [Proto- + oxide: cf. F. protoxide.] (Chem.)

Defn: That one of a series of oxides having the lowest proportion of
oxygen. See Proto-, 2 (b). protoxide of nitrogen, laughing gas, now
called hyponitrous oxideNO. See under Laughing.

PROTOXIDIZE
Pro*tox"i*dize, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To combine with oxygen, as any elementary substance, in such
proportion as to form a protoxide.

PROTOZOA
Pro`to*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lowest of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom.

Note: The entire animal consists of a single cell which is variously
modified; but in many species a number of these simple zooids are
united together so as to form a compound body or organism, as in the
Foraminifera and Vorticellæ. The reproduction takes place by fission,
or by the breaking up of the contents of the body after encystment,
each portion becoming a distinct animal, or in other ways, but never
by true eggs. The principal divisions are Rhizopoda, Gregarinæ, and
Infusoria. See also Foraminifera, Heliozoa, Protoplasta, Radiolaria,
Flagellata, Ciliata.

PROTOZOAN
Pro`to*zo"an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Protozoa.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Protozoa.

PROTOZOIC
Pro`to*zo"ic, a.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Protozoa.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Containing remains of the earliest discovered life of the
globe, which included mollusks, radiates and protozoans.

PROTOZOON; PROTOZOOEN
Pro`to*zo"ön (-ôn), n.; pl. Protozoa. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the Protozoa.
(b) A single zooid of a compound protozoan.

PROTOZOONITE; PROTOZOOENITE
Pro`to*zo"ö*nite, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the primary, or first-formed, segments of an embryonic
arthropod.

PROTRACHEATA
Pro*tra`che*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pro-, and Trachea.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Malacopoda.

PROTRACT
Pro*tract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protracted; p. pr. vb. n.
Protracting.] Etym: [L. protractus, p. p. of protrahere to forth,
protract; pro forward + trahere to draw. See Portrait, Portray.]

1. To draw out or lengthen in time or (rarely) in space; to continue;
to prolong; as, to protract an argument; to protract a war.

2. To put off to a distant time; to delay; to defer; as, to protract
a decision or duty. Shak.

3. (Surv.)

Defn: To draw to a scale; to lay down the lines and angles of, with
scale and protractor; to plot.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: To extend; to protrude; as, the cat can protract its claws; --
opposed to retract.

PROTRACT
Pro*tract", n. Etym: [L. protractus.]

Defn: Tedious continuance or delay. [Obs.] Spenser.

PROTRACTED
Pro*tract`ed, a.

Defn: Prolonged; continued. Protracted meeting,a religious meeting
continued for many successive days. [U. S.] -- Pro*tract"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Pro*tract"ed*ness, n.

PROTRACTER
Pro*tract"er, n.

Defn: A protractor.

PROTRACTILE
Pro*tract"ile, a.

Defn: Capable of being protracted, or protruded; protrusile.

PROTRACTION
Pro*trac"tion, n. Etym: [L. protractio.]

1. A drawing out, or continuing; the act of delaying the termination
of a thing; prolongation; continuance; delay; as, the protraction of
a debate.
A protraction only of what is worst in life. Mallock.

2. (Surv.)
(a) The act or process of making a plot on paper.
(b) A plot on paper.

PROTRACTIVE
Pro*tract"ive, a.

Defn: Drawing out or lengthening in time; prolonging; continuing;
delaying.
He suffered their protractive arts. Dryden.

PROTRACTOR
Pro*tract"or, n.

1. One who, or that which, protracts, or causes protraction.

2. A mathematical instrument for laying down and measuring angles on
paper, used in drawing or in plotting. It is of various forms,
semicircular, rectangular, or circular.

3. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument formerly used in extracting foreign or offensive
matter from a wound.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which extends an organ or part; -- opposed to
retractor.

5. An adjustable pattern used by tailors. Knight.

PROTREPTICAL
Pro*trep"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Adapted to persuade; hortatory; persuasive. [Obs.] Bp. Ward.

PROTRUDABLE
Pro*trud"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be protruded; protrusile. Darwin.

PROTRUDE
Pro*trude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protruded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Protruding.] Etym: [L. protrudere, protrusum; pro forward + trudere
to thrust. See Threat.]

1. To thrust forward; to drive or force along. Locke.

2. To thrust out, as through a narrow orifice or from confinement; to
cause to come forth.
When . . . Spring protrudes the bursting gems. Thomson.

PROTRUDE
Pro*trude", v. i.

Defn: To shoot out or forth; to be thrust forward; to extend beyond a
limit; to project.
The parts protrude beyond the skin. Bacon.

PROTRUSILE
Pro*tru"sile, a.

Defn: Capable of being protruded or thrust out; protractile;
protrusive.

PROTRUSION
Pro*tru"sion, n.

1. The act of protruding or thrusting forward, or beyond the usual
limit.

2. The state of being protruded, or thrust forward.

PROTRUSIVE
Pro*tru"sive, a.

1. Thrusting or impelling forward; as, protrusive motion. E. Darwin.

2. Capable of being protruded; protrusile.

PROTRUSIVELY
Pro*tru"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a protrusive manner.

PROTUBERANCE
Pro*tu"ber*ance, n. Etym: [Cf. F. protubérance. See Protuberant.]

Defn: That which is protuberant swelled or pushed beyond the
surrounding or adjacent surface; a swelling or tumor on the body; a
prominence; a bunch or knob; an elevation. Solar protuberances
(Astron.), certain rose-colored masses on the limb of the sun which
are seen to extend beyond the edge of the moon at the time of a solar
eclipse. They may be discovered with the spectroscope on any clear
day. Called also solar prominences. See Illust. in Append.

Syn.
 -- Projection, Protuberance. protuberance differs from projection,
being applied to parts that rise from the surface with a gradual
ascent or small angle; whereas a projection may be at a right angle
with the surface.

PROTUBERANCY
Pro*tu"ber*an*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being protuberant; protuberance;
prominence.

PROTUBERANT
Pro*tu"ber*ant, a. Etym: [L. protuberans, -antis, p. pr. of
protuberare. See Protuberate.]

Defn: Prominent, or excessively prominent; bulging beyond the
surrounding or adjacent surface; swelling; as, a protuberant joint; a
protuberant eye.
 -- Pro*tu"ber*ant*ly, adv.

PROTUBERATE
Pro*tu"ber*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. protuberare; pro forward + tuber a
hump, protuberance. See Tuber.]

Defn: To swell, or be prominent, beyond the adjacent surface; to
bulge out. S. Sharp.

PROTUBERATION
Pro*tu`ber*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of swelling beyond the surrounding surface. Cooke
(1615).

PROTUBEROUS
Pro*tu"ber*ous, a.

Defn: Protuberant. [R.]

PROTURETER
Pro`tu*re"ter, n. Etym: [NL. See Proto-, Ureter.] (Anat.)

Defn: The duct of a pronephros. Haeckel.

PROTYLE
Pro"tyle, n. Etym: [Proto- + Gr. (Chem. & Astron.)

Defn: The hypothetical homogeneous cosmic material of the original
universe, supposed to have been differentiated into what are
recognized as distinct chemical elements.

PROUD
Proud, a. [Compar. Prouder; superl. Proudest.] Etym: [OE. proud,
prout, prud, prut, AS. prut; akin to Icel. pruedhr stately, handsome,
Dan. prud handsome. Cf. Pride.]

1. Feeling or manifesting pride, in a good or bad sense; as:
(a) Possessing or showing too great self-esteem; overrating one's
excellences; hence, arrogant; haughty; lordly; presumptuous.
Nor much expect A foe so proud will first the weaker seek. Milton.
O death, made proud with pure and princely beauty ! Shak.
And shades impervious to the proud world's glare. Keble.

(b) Having a feeling of high self-respect or self-esteem; exulting
(in); elated; -- often with of; as, proud of one's country. "Proud to
be checked and soothed." Keble.
Are we proud men proud of being proud Thackeray.

2. Giving reason or occasion for pride or self-gratulation; worthy of
admiration; grand; splendid; magnificent; admirable; ostentatious.
"Of shadow proud." Chapman. "Proud titles." Shak. " The proud
temple's height." Dryden.
Till tower, and dome, and bridge-way proud Are mantled with a golden
cloud. Keble.

3. Excited by sexual desire; -- applied particularly to the females
of some animals. Sir T. Browne.

Note: Proud is often used with participles in the formation of
compounds which, for the most part, are self-explaining; as, proud-
crested, proud-minded, proud-swelling. Proud flesh (Med.), a fungous
growth or excrescence of granulations resembling flesh, in a wound or
ulcer.

PROUDISH
Proud"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat proud. Ash.

PROUDLING
Proud"ling, n.

Defn: A proud or haughty person. Sylvester.

PROUDLY
Proud"ly, adv.

Defn: In a proud manner; with lofty airs or mien; haughtily;
arrogantly; boastfully.
Proudly he marches on, and void of fear. Addison.

PROUDNESS
Proud"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being proud; pride.
Set aside all arrogancy and proudness. Latimer.

PROUSTITE
Proust"ite, n. Etym: [From the French chemist, J. L. Proust.] (Min.)

Defn: A sulphide of arsenic and silver of a beautiful cochineal-red
color, occurring in rhombohedral crystals, and also massive; ruby
silver.

PROVABLE
Prov"a*ble, a. Etym: [See Prove, and cf. Probable.]

Defn: Capable of being proved; demonstrable.
 -- Prov"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Prov"a*bly, adv.

PROVAND; PROANT
Prov"and, Pro"ant, n. Etym: [See Provender.]

Defn: Provender or food. [Obs.]
One pease was a soldier's provant a whole day. Beau. & Fl.

PROVANT
Pro*vant", v. t.

Defn: To supply with provender or provisions; to provide for. [Obs.]
Nash.

PROVANT
Prov"ant, a.

Defn: Provided for common or general use, as in an army; hence,
common in quality; inferior. "A poor provant rapier." B. Jonson.

PROVE
Prove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proved; p. pr. & vb. n. Proving.] Etym:
[OE. prover, F. prouver, fr. L. probare to try, approve, prove, fr.
probus good, proper. Cf. Probable, Proof, Probe.]

1. To try or to ascertain by an experiment, or by a test or standard;
to test; as, to prove the strength of gunpowder or of ordnance; to
prove the contents of a vessel by a standard measure.
Thou hast proved mine heart. Ps. xvii. 3.

2. To evince, establish, or ascertain, as truth, reality, or fact, by
argument, testimony, or other evidence.
They have inferred much from slender premises, and conjectured when
they could not prove. J. H. Newman.

3. To ascertain or establish the genuineness or validity of; to
verify; as, to prove a will.

4. To gain experience of the good or evil of; to know by trial; to
experience; to suffer.
Where she, captived long, great woes did prove. Spenser.

5. (Arith.)

Defn: To test, evince, ascertain, or verify, as the correctness of
any operation or result; thus, in subtraction, if the difference
between two numbers, added to the lesser number, makes a sum equal to
the greater, the correctness of the subtraction is proved.

6. (Printing)

Defn: To take a trial impression of; to take a proof of; as, to prove
a page.

Syn.
 -- To try; verify; justify; confirm; establish; evince; manifest;
show; demonstrate.

PROVE
Prove, v. i.

1. To make trial; to essay.

2. To be found by experience, trial, or result; to turn out to be;
as, a medicine proves salutary; the report proves false. "The case
proves mortal." Arbuthnot.
So life a winter's morn may prove. Keble.

3. To succeed; to turn out as expected. [Obs.] "The experiment proved
not." Bacon.

PROVECT
Pro*vect", a. Etym: [L. provectus, p. p. of provehere to carry
forward.]

Defn: Carried forward; advanced. [Obs.] "Provect in years." Sir T.
Flyot.

PROVECTION
Pro*vec"tion, n. Etym: [L. provectio an advancement.] (Philol.)

Defn: A carrying forward, as of a final letter, to a following word;
as, for example, a nickname for an ekename.

PROVEDITOR
Pro*ved"i*tor, n. Etym: [It. proveditore, provveditore, fr.
provedere, L. providere. See Provide, and cf. Purveyor, Provedore.]

Defn: One employed to procure supplies, as for an army, a steamer,
etc.; a purveyor; one who provides for another. Jer. Taylor.

PROVEDORE
Prov"e*dore, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. proveedor. See Proveditor.]

Defn: A proveditor; a purveyor.
Busied with the duties of a provedore. W. Irving.

PROVEN
Prov"en, p. p. or a.

Defn: Proved. "Accusations firmly proven in his mind." Thackeray.
Of this which was the principal charge, and was generally believed to
beproven, he was acquitted. Jowett (Thucyd. ).
Not proven (Scots Law), a verdict of a jury that the guilt of the
accused is not made out, though not disproved. Mozley & W.

PROVENANCE
Prov"e*nance, n. [F., fr. provenir to originate, to come forth, L.
provenire. Cf. Provenience.]

Defn: Origin; source; provenience.

Their age attested by their provenance and associations.
A. H. Keane.

PROVENCAL
Pro`ven`cal", a. Etym: [F., fr. Provence, fr. L. provincia province.
See Provincial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Provence or its inhabitants.

PROVENCAL
Pro`ven`cal", n. Etym: [F.]

1. A native or inhabitant of Provence in France.

2. The Provencal language. See Langue d'oc.

PROVENCE ROSE
Prov"ence rose`. Etym: [Provence the place + rose.]
(a) The cabbage rose (Rosa centifolia).
(b) A name of many kinds of roses which are hybrids of Rosa
centifolia and R. Gallica.

PROVENCIAL
Pro*ven"cial, a. Etym: [See Provençal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Provence in France.

PROVEND
Prov"end, n.

Defn: See Provand. [Obs.]

PROVENDER
Prov"en*der, n. Etym: [OE. provende, F. provende, provisions,
provender, fr. LL. praebenda (prae and pro being confused), a daily
allowance of provisions, a prebend. See Prebend.]

1. Dry food for domestic animals, as hay, straw, corn, oats, or a
mixture of ground grain; feed. "Hay or other provender." Mortimer.
Good provender laboring horses would have. Tusser.

2. Food or provisions. [R or Obs.]

PROVENIENCE
Pro*ve"ni*ence, n. [L. proveniens, -entis, p.pr. of provenire to come
forth; pro forth + venire to come.]

Defn: Origin; source; place where found or produced; provenance; --
used esp. in the fine arts and in archæology; as, the provenience of
a patera.

PROVENIENT
Pro*ve"ni*ent, a. [L. proveniens, p.pr.]

Defn: Forthcoming; issuing. [Rare]

PROVENT
Prov"ent, n.

Defn: See Provand. [Obs.]

PROVENTRICLE
Pro*ven"tri*cle, n. (Anat.)

Defn: Proventriculus.

PROVENTRIULUS
Pro`ven*tri"u*lus, n. Etym: [NL. See Pro-, and Ventricle.] (Anat.)

Defn: The glandular stomach of birds, situated just above the crop.

PROVER
Prov"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, proves.

PROVERB
Prov"erb, n. Etym: [OE. proverbe, F. proverbe, from L. proverbium;
pro before, for + verbum a word. See Verb.]

1. An old and common saying; a phrase which is often repeated;
especially, a sentence which briefly and forcibly expresses some
practical truth, or the result of experience and observation; a
maxim; a saw; an adage. Chaucer. Bacon.

2. A striking or paradoxical assertion; an obscure saying; an enigma;
a parable.
His disciples said unto him, Lo, now speakest thou plainly, and
speakest no proverb. John xvi. 29.

3. A familiar illustration; a subject of contemptuous reference.
Thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a by word, among
all nations. Deut. xxviii. 37.

4. A drama exemplifying a proverb. Book of Proverbs, a canonical book
of the Old Testament, containing a great variety of wise maxims.

Syn.
 -- Maxim; aphorism; apothegm; adage; saw.

PROVERB
Prov"erb, v. t.

1. To name in, or as, a proverb. [R.]
Am I not sung and proverbed for a fool Milton.

2. To provide with a proverb. [R.]
I am proverbed with a grandsire phrase. Shak.

PROVERB
Prov"erb, v. i.

Defn: To write or utter proverbs. [R.]

PROVERBIAL
Pro*ver"bi*al, a. Etym: [L. proverbialis: cf. F. proverbial.]

1. Mentioned or comprised in a proverb; used as a proverb; hence,
commonly known; as, a proverbial expression; his meanness was
proverbial.
In case of excesses, I take the German proverbial cure, by a hair of
the same beast, to be the worst. Sir W. Temple.

2. Of or pertaining to proverbs; resembling a proverb. "A proverbial
obscurity." Sir T. Browne.

PROVERBIALISM
Pro*ver"bi*al*ism, n.

Defn: A proverbial phrase.

PROVERBIALIST
Pro*ver"bi*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who makes much use of proverbs in speech or writing; one
who composes, collects, or studies proverbs.

PROVERBIALIZE
Pro*ver"bi*al*ize, v. t. & i. Etym: [Cf. F. proverbialiser.]

Defn: To turn into a proverb; to speak in proverbs.

PROVERBIALLY
Pro*ver"bi*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a proverbial manner; by way of proverb; hence, commonly;
universally; as, it is proverbially said; the bee is proverbially
busy.

PROVEXITY
Pro*vex"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. provehere to advance. Cf. Provect.]

Defn: Great advance in age. [Obs.]

PROVIDE
Pro*vide", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provided; p. pr. & vb. n. Providing.]
Etym: [L. providere, provisum; pro before + videre to see. See
Vision, and cf. Prudent, Purvey.]

1. To look out for in advance; to procure beforehand; to get,
collect, or make ready for future use; to prepare. "Provide us all
things necessary." Shak.

2. To supply; to afford; to contribute.
Bring me berries, or such cooling fruit As the kind, hospitable woods
provide. Milton.

3. To furnish; to supply; -- formerly followed by of, now by with.
"And yet provided him of but one." Jer. Taylor. "Rome . . . was well
provided with corn." Arbuthnot.

4. To establish as a previous condition; to stipulate; as, the
contract provides that the work be well done.

5. To foresee.

Note: [A Latinism] [Obs.] B. Jonson.

6. To appoint to an ecclesiastical benefice before it is vacant. See
Provisor. Prescott.

PROVIDE
Pro*vide", v. i.

1. To procure supplies or means in advance; to take measures
beforehand in view of an expected or a possible future need,
especially a danger or an evil; -- followed by against or for; as, to
provide against the inclemency of the weather; to provide for the
education of a child.
Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to provide for human
wants. Burke.

2. To stipulate previously; to condition; as, the agreement provides
for an early completion of the work.

PROVIDED
Pro*vid"ed, conj.

Defn: On condition; by stipulation; with the understanding; if; --
usually followed by that; as, provided that nothing in this act shall
prejudice the rights of any person whatever.
Provided the deductions are logical, they seem almost indifferent to
their truth. G. H. Lewes.

Note: This word is strictly a participle, and the word being is
understood, the participle provided agreeing with the whole sentence
absolute, and being equivalent to this condition being previously
stipulated or established.

PROVIDENCE
Prov"i*dence, n. Etym: [L. providentia: cf. F. providence. See
Provident, and cf. Prudence.]

1. The act of providing or preparing for future use or application; a
making ready; preparation.
Providence for war is the best prevention of it. Bacon.

2. Foresight; care; especially, the foresight and care which God
manifests for his creatures; hence, God himself, regarded as
exercising a constant wise prescience.
The world was all before them, where to choose Their place of rest,
and Providence their guide. Milton.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: A manifestation of the care and superintendence which God
exercises over his creatures; an event ordained by divine direction.
He that hath a numerous family, and many to provide for, needs a
greater providence of God. Jer. Taylor.

4. Prudence in the management of one's concerns; economy; frugality.
It is a high point of providence in a prince to cast an eye rather
upon actions than persons. Quarles.

PROVIDENT
Prov"i*dent, a. Etym: [L. providens, -entis, p. pr. of providere: cf.
F. provident. See Provide, and cf. Prudent.]

Defn: Foreseeing wants and making provision to supply them; prudent
in preparing for future exigencies; cautious; economical; --
sometimes followed by of; as, aprovident man; an animal provident of
the future.
And of our good and of our dignity, How provident he is. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Forecasting; cautious; careful; prudent; frugal; economical.

PROVIDENTIAL
Prov`i*den"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. providentiel.]

Defn: Effected by, or referable to, divine direction or
superintendence; as, the providential contrivance of thing; a
providential escape.
 -- Prov"i*den"tial*ly, adv.

PROVIDENTLY
Prov"i*dent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a provident manner.

PROVIDENTNESS
Prov"i*dent*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being provident; carefulness; prudence;
economy.

PROVIDER
Pro*vid"er, n.

Defn: One who provides, furnishes, or supplies; one who procures what
is wanted.

PROVIDORE
Prov"i*dore, n. Etym: [See Provedore.]

Defn: One who makes provision; a purveyor. [R.] De Foe.

PROVINCE
Prov"ince, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. provincia; prob. fr. pro before, for
+ the root of vincere to conquer. See Victor.]

1. (Roman Hist.)

Defn: A country or region, more or less remote from the city of Rome,
brought under the Roman government; a conquered country beyond the
limits of Italy. Wyclif (Acts xiii. 34). Milton.

2. A country or region dependent on a distant authority; a portion of
an empire or state, esp. one remote from the capital. "Kingdoms and
provinces." Shak.

3. A region of country; a tract; a district.
Over many a tract of heaven they marched, and many a province wide.
Milton.
Other provinces of the intellectual world. I. Watts.

4. A region under the supervision or direction of any special person;
the district or division of a country, especially an ecclesiastical
division, over which one has jurisdiction; as, the province of
Canterbury, or that in which the archbishop of Canterbury exercises
ecclesiastical authority.

5. The proper or appropriate business or duty of a person or body;
office; charge; jurisdiction; sphere.
The woman'sprovince is to be careful in her economy, and chaste in
her affection. Tattler.

6. Specif.: Any political division of the Dominion of Canada, having
a governor, a local legislature, and representation in the Dominion
parliament. Hence, colloquially, The Provinces, the Dominion of
Canada.

PROVINCIAL
Pro*vin"cial, a. Etym: [L. provincialis: cf. F. provincial. See
Province, and cf. Provencal.]

1. Of or pertaining to province; constituting a province; as, a
provincial government; a provincial dialect.

2. Exhibiting the ways or manners of a province; characteristic of
the inhabitants of a province; not cosmopolitan; countrified; not
polished; rude; hence, narrow; illiberal. "Provincial airs and
graces." Macaulay.

3. Of or pertaining to an ecclesiastical province, or to the
jurisdiction of an archbishop; not ecumenical; as, a provincial
synod. Ayliffe.

4. Of or pertaining to Provence; Provencal. [Obs.]
With two Provincial roses on my razed shoes. Shak.

PROVINCIAL
Pro*vin"cial, n.

1. A person belonging to a province; one who is provincial.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A monastic superior, who, under the general of his order, has
the direction of all the religious houses of the same fraternity in a
given district, called a province of the order.

PROVINCIALISM
Pro*vin"cial*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. provincialisme.]

Defn: A word, or a manner of speaking, peculiar to a province or a
district remote from the mother country or from the metropolis; a
provincial characteristic; hence, narrowness; illiberality. M.
Arnold.

PROVINCIALIST
Pro*vin"cial*ist, n.

Defn: One who lives in a province; a provincial.

PROVINCIALITY
Pro*vin`ci*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being provincial; peculiarity of
language characteristic of a province. T. Warton.

PROVINCIALIZE
Pro*vin"cial*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provincialized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Provincializing.]

Defn: To render provincial. M. Arnold.

PROVINCIALLY
Pro*vin"cial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a provincial manner.

PROVINCIATE
Pro*vin"ci*ate, v. t.

Defn: To convert into a province or provinces. [Obs.] Howell.

PROVINE
Pro*vine", v. i. Etym: [F. provingner, fr. provin a set, layer of a
plant, OF. provain, from L. propago, -aginis, akin to propagare to
propagate. See Propagate, Prune, v. t.]

Defn: To lay a stock or branch of a vine in the ground for
propagation. [Obs.] Johnson.

PROVISION
Pro*vi"sion, n. Etym: [L. provisio: cf. F. provision. See Provide.]

1. The act of providing, or making previous preparation. Shak.

2. That which is provided or prepared; that which is brought together
or arranged in advance; measures taken beforehand; preparation.
Making provision for the relief of strangers. Bacon.

3. Especially, a stock of food; any kind of eatables collected or
stored; -- often in the plural.
And of provisions laid in large, For man and beast. Milton.

4. That which is stipulated in advance; a condition; a previous
agreement; a proviso; as, the provisions of a contract; the statute
has many provisions.

5. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A canonical term for regular induction into a benefice,
comprehending nomination, collation, and installation.

6. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: A nomination by the pope to a benefice before it became vacant,
depriving the patron of his right of presentation. Blackstone.

PROVISION
Pro*vi"sion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provisioned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Provisioning.]

Defn: To supply with food; to victual; as, to provision a garrison.
They were provisioned for a journey. Palfrey.

PROVISIONAL
Pro*vi"sion*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. provisionnel.]

Defn: Of the nature of a provision; serving as a provision for the
time being; -- used of partial or temporary arrangements; as, a
provisional government; a provisional treaty.

PROVISIONALLY
Pro*vi"sion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of provision for the time being; temporarily. Locke.

PROVISIONARY
Pro*vi"sion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Provisional. Burke.

PROVISO
Pro*vi"so, n.; pl. Provisos. Etym: [L., (it) being provided, abl. of
provisus, p. p. of providere. See Provide, and cf. Purview.]

Defn: An article or clause in any statute, agreement, contract,
grant, or other writing, by which a condition is introduced, usually
beginning with the word provided; a conditional stipulation that
affects an agreement, contract, law, grant, or the like; as, the
contract was impaired by its proviso.
He doth deny his prisoners, But with proviso and exception. Shak.

PROVISOR
Pro*vi"sor, n. Etym: [L., fr. providere: cf. F. proviseur. See
Provide.]

1. One who provides; a purveyor. [Obs.] "The chief provisor of our
horse." Ford.

2. (R. C. Ch.)
(a) The purveyor, steward, or treasurer of a religious house. Cowell.
(b) One who is regularly inducted into a benefice. See Provision, 5.
P. Plowman.

3. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: One who procures or receives a papal provision. See Provision,
6.

PROVISORILY
Pro*vi"so*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a provisory manner; conditionally; subject to a proviso; as,
to admit a doctrine provisorily. Sir W. Hamilton.

PROVISORSHIP
Pro*vi"sor*ship, n.

Defn: The office or position of a provisor. [R.] J. Webster.

PROVISORY
Pro*vi"so*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. provisoire.]

1. Of the nature of a proviso; containing a proviso or condition;
conditional; as, a provisory clause.

2. Making temporary provision; provisional.

PROVOCATION
Prov`o*ca"tion, n. Etym: [F. provocation, L. provocatio. See
Provoke.]

1. The act of provoking, or causing vexation or, anger. Fabyan.

2. That which provokes, or excites anger; the cause of resentment;
as, to give provocation. Paley.

3. Incitement; stimulus; as, provocation to mirth.

4. (Law)

Defn: Such prior insult or injury as may be supposed, under the
circumstances, to create hot blood, and to excuse an assault made in
retort or redress.

5. An appeal to a court.

Note: [A Latinism] [Obs.] Ayliffe.

PROVOCATIVE
Pro*vo"ca*tive, a. Etym: [L. provocativus: cf. OF. provocatif.]

Defn: Serving or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate; exciting.

PROVOCATIVE
Pro*vo"ca*tive, n.

Defn: Anything that is provocative; a stimulant; as, a provocative of
appetite.

PROVOCATIVENESS
Pro*vo"ca*tive*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being provocative.

PROVOCATORY
Pro*vo"ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Provocative.

PROVOKABLE
Pro*vok"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be provoked.

PROVOKE
Pro*voke", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provoked; p. pr. & vb. n. Provoking.]
Etym: [F. provoquer, L. provocare to call forth; pro forth + vocare
to call, fr. vox, vocis, voice, cry, call. See Voice.]

Defn: To call forth; to call into being or action; esp., to incense
to action, a faculty or passion, as love, hate, or ambition; hence,
commonly, to incite, as a person, to action by a challenge, by
taunts, or by defiance; to exasperate; to irritate; to offend
intolerably; to cause to retaliate.
Obey his voice, provoke him not. Ex. xxiii. 21.
Ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath. Eph. vi. 4.
Such acts Of contumacy will provoke the Highest To make death in us
live. Milton.
Can honor's voice provoke the silent dust Gray.
To the poet the meaning is what he pleases to make it, what it
provokes in his own soul. J. Burroughs.

Syn.
 -- To irritate; arouse; stir up; awake; excite; incite; anger. See
Irritate.

PROVOKE
Pro*voke", v. i.

1. To cause provocation or anger.

2. To appeal.

Note: [A Latinism] [Obs.] Dryden.

PROVOKEMENT
Pro*voke"ment, n.

Defn: The act that which, provokes; one who excites anger or other
passion, or incites to action; as, a provoker of sedition.
Drink, sir, is a great provoker of three things. Shak.

PROVOKING
Pro*vok"ing, a.

Defn: Having the power or quality of exciting resentment; tending to
awaken passion or vexation; as, provoking words or treatment.
 -- Pro*vok"ing*ly, adv.

PROVOST
Prov"ost, n. Etym: [OF. provost (L. prae and pro being confused), F.
prevôt, fr. L. praepositus placed before, a chief, fr. praeponere to
place before: cf. AS. prafost, profast. See Preposition, and cf.
Propound.]

1. A person who is appointed to superintend, or preside over,
something; the chief magistrate in some cities and towns; as, the
provost of Edinburgh or of Glasgow, answering to the mayor of other
cities; the provost of a college, answering to president; the provost
or head of certain collegiate churches.

2. The keeper of a prison. [Obs.] Shak.

Note: In France, formerly, a provost was an inferior judge who had
cognizance of civil causes. The grand provost of France, or of the
household, had jurisdiction in the king's house, and over its
officers. Provost marshal (often pronounced . (a) (Mil.) An officer
appointed in every army, in the field, to secure the prisoners
confined on charges of a general nature. He also performs such other
duties pertaining to police and discipline as the regulations of the
service or the commander's orders impose upon him. (b) (Nav.) An
officer who has charge of prisoners on trial by court-martial, serves
notices to witnesses, etc.

PROVOSTSHIP
Prov"ost*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a provost.

PROW
Prow, n. Etym: [F. proue (cf. Sp. & Pg. proa, It. prua), L. prora,
Gr. Pro-, and cf. Prore.]

Defn: The fore part of a vessel; the bow; the stem; hence, the vessel
itself. Wordsworth.
The floating vessel swum Uplifted, and secure with beaked prow rode
tilting o'er the waves. Milton.

PROW
Prow, n.

Defn: See Proa.

PROW
Prow, a. [Compar. Prower; superl. Prowest.] Etym: [OF.prou, preu, F.
preux, fr. L. pro, prod, in prodesse to be useful. See Pro-, and cf.
Prude.]

Defn: Valiant; brave; gallant; courageous. [Archaic] Tennyson.
The prowest knight that ever field did fight. Spenser.

PROW
Prow, n. Etym: [OE. & OF. prou. See Prow, a.]

Defn: Benefit; profit; good; advantage. [Obs.]
That shall be for your hele and for your prow. Chaucer.

PROWESS
Prow"ess, n. Etym: [OF. proece, proesce, F. prouesse. See Prow, a.]

Defn: Distinguished bravery; valor; especially, military bravery and
skill; gallantry; intrepidity; fearlessness. Chaucer. Sir P. Sidney.
He by his prowess conquered all France. Shak.

PROWL
Prowl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prowled; p. pr. & vb. n. Prowling.] Etym:
[OE. prollen to search about; of uncertain origin, perh. for proglen,
a dim. of prog to beg, or proke to poke. Cf. Proke.]

1. To rove over, through, or about in a stealthy manner; esp., to
search in, as for prey or booty.
He prowls each place, still in new colors decked. Sir P. Sidney.

2. To collect by plunder; as, to prowl money. [Obs.]

PROWL
Prowl, v. i.

Defn: To rove or wander stealthily, esp. for prey, as a wild beast;
hence, to prey; to plunder.

PROWL
Prowl, n.

Defn: The act of prowling. [Colloq.] Smart.

PROWLER
Prowl"er, n.

Defn: One that prowls. Thomson.

PROWLING
Prowl"ing, a.

Defn: Accustomed to prowl, or engaged in roving stealthily, as for
prey. "A prowling wolf." Milton.
 -- Prowl"ing*ly, adv.

PROX
Prox, n. Etym: [Cf. Proxy.]

Defn: "The ticket or list of candidates at elections, presented to
the people for their votes." [Rhode Island] Bartlett.

PROXENE
Prox"ene, n. Etym: [Cf. proxène.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: An officer who had the charge of showing hospitality to those
who came from a friendly city or state.

PROXENET
Prox"e*net, n. Etym: [L. proxeneta, Gr.

Defn: A negotiator; a factor. [R.] Dr. H. More.

PROXENETISM
Prox`e*ne"tism, n. [Gr.  agent + -ism; cf. F. proxénétisme.]

Defn: The action of a go-between or broker in negotiating immoral
bargains between the sexes; procuring.

PROXIMAD
Prox"i*mad, adv. Etym: [Proximal + L. ad to.] (Anat.)

Defn: Toward a proximal part; on the proximal side of; proximally.

PROXIMAL
Prox"i*mal, a.

1. Toward or nearest, as to a body, or center of motion of
dependence; proximate.

2. (Biol.)
(a) Situated near the point of attachment or origin; as, the proximal
part of a limb.
(b) Of or pertaining to that which is proximal; as, the proximal
bones of a limb. Opposed to distal.

PROXIMALLY
Prox"i*mal*ly, adv. (Anat.)

Defn: On or toward a proximal part; proximad.

PROXIMATE
Prox"i*mate, a. Etym: [L. proximatus, p. p. of proximare to come
near, to approach, fr. proximus the nearest, nest, superl. of propior
nearer, and prope, adv., near.]

Defn: Nearest; next immediately preceding or following. "Proximate
ancestors." J. S. Harford.
The proximate natural causes of it [the deluge]. T. Burnet.
Proximate analysis (Chem.), an analysis which determines the
proximate principles of any substance, as contrasted with an ultimate
analysis.
 -- Proximate cause. (a) A cause which immediately precedes and
produces the effect, as distinguished from the remote, mediate, or
predisposing cause. I. Watts. (b) That which in ordinary natural
sequence produces a specific result, no independent disturbing
agencies intervening.
 -- Proximate principle (Physiol. Chem.), one of a class of bodies
existing ready formed in animal and vegetable tissues, and separable
by chemical analysis, as albumin, sugar, collagen, fat, etc.

Syn.
 -- Nearest; next; closest; immediate; direct.

PROXIMATELY
Prox"i*mate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a proximate manner, position, or degree; immediately.

PROXIME
Prox"ime, a. Etym: [L. proximus. See Proximate.]

Defn: Next; immediately preceding or following. [Obs.]

PROXIMIOUS
Prox*im"i*ous, a.

Defn: Proximate. [Obs.]

PROXIMITY
Prox*im"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. proximitas: cf. F. proximité See
Proximate, and cf. Propinquity, Approach.]

Defn: The quality or state of being next in time, place, causation,
influence, etc.; immediate nearness, either in place, blood, or
alliance.
If he plead proximity of blood That empty title is with ease
withstood. Dryden.

PROXIMO
Prox"i*mo. Etym: [L., on the next, abl. of proximus next.]

Defn: In the next month after the present; -- often contracted to
prox.; as, on the 3d proximo.

PROXY
Prox"y, n.; pl. Proxies. Etym: [Contr. from procuracy. Cf. Proctor.]

1. The agency for another who acts through the agent; authority to
act for another, esp. to vote in a legislative or corporate capacity.
I have no man's proxy: I speak only for myself. Burke.

2. The person who is substituted or deputed to act or vote for
another.
Every peer . . . may make another lord of parliament his proxy, to
vote for him in his absence. Blackstone.

3. A writing by which one person authorizes another to vote in his
stead, as in a corporation meeting.

4. (Eng. Law)

Defn: The written appointment of a proctor in suits in the
ecclesiastical courts. Burrill.

5. (Eccl.)

Defn: See Procuration. [Obs.]

PROXY
Prox"y, v. i.

Defn: To act or vote by proxy; to do anything by the agency of
another. [R.]

PROXYSHIP
Prox"y*ship, n.

Defn: The office or agency of a proxy.

PRUCE
Pruce, n. Etym: [OE. for Prussia: cf. F. Prusse.]

Defn: Prussian leather. [Obs.] Dryden.

PRUDE
Prude, n. Etym: [F., prudish, originally, discreet, modest; shortened
from OF. prudefeme, preudefeme, a discreet or excellent woman; OF.
preu, prou, excellent, brave + de of + fete woman. See Prow, a.,
Prowess.]

Defn: A woman of affected modesty, reserve, or coyness; one who is
overscrupulous or sensitive; one who affects extraordinary prudence
in conduct and speech.
Less modest than the speech of prudes. Swift.

PRUDENCE
Pru"dence, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. prudentia, contr. from providentia.
See Prudent, and cf. Providence.]

Defn: The quality or state of being prudent; wisdom in the way of
caution and provision; discretion; carefulness; hence, also, economy;
frugality.
Prudence is principally in reference to actions to be done, and due
means, order, seasons, and method of doing or not doing. Sir M. Hale.
Prudence supposes the value of the end to be assumed, and refers only
to the adaptation of the means. It is the relation of right means for
given ends. Whewell.

Syn.
 -- Wisdom; forecast; providence; considerateness; judiciousness;
discretion; caution; circumspection; judgment. See Wisdom.

PRUDENCY
Pru"den*cy, n.

Defn: Prudence. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

PRUDENT
Pru"dent, a. Etym: [L. prudens, -entis, contr. from providens: cf. F.
prudent. See Provident.]

1. Sagacious in adapting means to ends; circumspect in action, or in
determining any line of conduct; practically wise; judicious;
careful; discreet; sensible; -- opposed to rash; as, a prudent man;
dictated or directed by prudence or wise forethought; evincing
prudence; as, prudent behavior.
Moses established a grave and prudent law. Milton.

2. Frugal; economical; not extravagant; as, a prudent woman; prudent
expenditure of money.

Syn.
 -- Cautious; wary; circumspect; considerate; discreet; judicious;
provident; economical; frugal.

PRUDENTIAL
Pru*den"tial, a.

1. Proceeding from, or dictated or characterized by, prudence;
prudent; discreet; sometimes, selfish or pecuniary as distinguished
from higher motives or influences; as, prudential motives. " A
prudential line of conduct." Sir W. Scott.

2. Exercising prudence; discretionary; advisory; superintending or
executive; as, a prudential committee.

PRUDENTIAL
Pru*den"tial, n.

Defn: That which relates to or demands the exercise of, discretion or
prudence; -- usually in the pl.
Many stanzas, in poetic measures, contain rules relating to common
prudentials as well as to religion. I. Watts.

PRUDENTIALIST
Pru*den"tial*ist, n.

Defn: One who is governed by, or acts from, prudential motives. [R.]
Coleridge.

PRUDENTIALITY
Pru*den`ti*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being prudential. Sir T. Browne.

PRUDENTIALLY
Pru*den"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a prudential manner; prudently. South.

PRUDENTLY
Pru"dent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a prudent manner.

PRUDERY
Prud"er*y, n.; pl. Pruderies. Etym: [F. pruderie. See Prude.]

Defn: The quality or state of being prudish; excessive or affected
scrupulousness in speech or conduct; stiffness; coyness. Cowper.

PRUDHOMME
Prud*homme", n. Etym: [F. prud'homme. cf. Prude.]

Defn: A trustworthy citizen; a skilled workman. See Citation under 3d
Commune, 1.

PRUDISH
Prud"ish, a.

Defn: Like a prude; very formal, precise, or reserved; affectedly
severe in virtue; as, a prudish woman; prudish manners.
A formal lecture, spoke with prudish face. Garrick.

PRUDISHLY
Prud"ish*ly, adv.

Defn: In a prudish manner.

PRUINATE
Pru"i*nate, a.

Defn: Same as Pruinose.

PRUINOSE
Pru"i*nose`, a. Etym: [L. pruinosus, fr. pruina hoarfrost.]

Defn: Frosty; covered with fine scales, hairs, dust, bloom, or the
like, so as to give the appearance of frost.

PRUINOUS
Pru"i*nous, a.

Defn: Frosty; pruinose.

PRUNE
Prune, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pruned; p. pr. & vb. n. Pruning.] Etym:
[OE. proine, probably fr. F. provigner to lay down vine stocks for
propagation; hence, probably, the meaning, to cut away superfluous
shoots. See Provine.]

1. To lop or cut off the superfluous parts, branches, or shoots of;
to clear of useless material; to shape or smooth by trimming; to
trim: as, to prune trees; to prune an essay. Thackeray.
Taking into consideration how they [laws] are to be pruned and
reformed. Bacon.
Our delightful task To prune these growing plants, and tend these
flowers. Milton.

2. To cut off or cut out, as useless parts.
Horace will our superfluous branches prune. Waller.

3. To preen; to prepare; to dress. Spenser.
His royal bird Prunes the immortal wing and cloys his beak. Shak.

PRUNE
Prune, v. i.

Defn: To dress; to prink; -used humorously or in contempt. Dryden.

PRUNE
Prune, n. Etym: [F. prune, from L. prunum a plum. See Plum.]

Defn: A plum; esp., a dried plum, used in cookery; as, French or
Turkish prunes; California prunes. German prune (Bot.), a large dark
purple plum, of oval shape, often one-sided. It is much used for
preserving, either dried or in sirup. Prune tree. (Bot.) (a) A tree
of the genus Prunus (P. domestica), which produces prunes. (b) The
West Indian tree, Prunus occidentalis.
 -- South African prune (Bot.), the edible fruit of a sapindaceous
tree (Pappea Capensis).

PRUNELLA
Pru*nel"la, n. Etym: [NL., perhaps from G. bræune quinsy, croup.]
(Med.)
(a) Angina, or angina pectoris.
(b) Thrush. Prunella salt (Old Chem.), niter fused and cast into
little balls.

PRUNELLA; PRUNELLO
Pru*nel"la, Pru*nel"lo, n. Etym: [F. prunelle, probably so called
from its color resembling that of prunes. See Prune, n.]

Defn: A smooth woolen stuff, generally black, used for making shoes;
a kind of lasting; -- formerly used also for clergymen's gowns.

PRUNELLE
Pru*nelle", n. Etym: [F., dim. of prune. See Prune, n.]

Defn: A kind of small and very acid French plum; -- applied
especially to the stoned and dried fruit.

PRUNELLO
Pru*nel"lo, n. Etym: [F. prunelle, dim. of prune. See Prune a plum.]

Defn: A species of dried plum; prunelle.

PRUNER
Prun"er, n.

1. One who prunes, or removes, what is superfluous.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of beetles whose larvæ gnaw the
branches of trees so as to cause them to fall, especially the
American oak pruner (Asemum moestum), whose larva eats the pith of
oak branches, and when mature gnaws a circular furrow on the inside
nearly to the bark. When the branches fall each contains a pupa.

PRUNIFEROUS
Pru*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. prunum a plum + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing plums.

PRUNING
Prun"ing, n.

1. The act of trimming, or removing what is superfluous.

2. (Falconry)

Defn: That which is cast off by bird in pruning her feathers;
leavings. Beau. & Fl. Pruning hook, or Pruning knife, cutting
instrument used in pruning trees, etc.
 -- Pruning shears, shears for pruning trees, vines, etc.

PRUNUS
Pru"nus, n. Etym: [L., a plum tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees with perigynous rosaceous flowers, and a
single two-ovuled carpel which usually becomes a drupe in ripening.

Note: Originally, this genus was limited to the plums, then, by
Linnæus, was made to include the cherries and the apricot. Later
botanists separated these into several genera, as Prunus, Cerasus,
and Armeniaca, but now, by Bentham and Hooker, the plums, cherries,
cherry laurels, peach, almond, and nectarine are all placed in
Prunus.

PRURIENCE; PRURIENCY
Pru"ri*ence, Pru"ri*en*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being prurient.
The pruriency of curious ears. Burke.
There is a prurience in the speech of some. Cowper.

PRURIENT
Pru"ri*ent, a. Etym: [L. pruries, -entis, p. pr. of prurire to itch.
Cf. Freeze.]

Defn: Uneasy with desire; itching; especially, having a lascivious
curiosity or propensity; lustful.
 -- Pru"ri*ent*ly, adv.
The eye of the vain and prurient is darting from object to object of
illicit attraction. I. Taylor.

PRURIGINOUS
Pru*rig"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. pruriginosus: cf. F. prurigineux.]
(Med.)

Defn: Tending to, or caused by, prurigo; affected by, or of the
nature of, prurigo.

PRURIGO
Pru*ri"go, n. Etym: [L., an itching, the itch, fr. prurire to itch.]
(Med.)

Defn: A papular disease of the skin, of which intense itching is the
chief symptom, the eruption scarcely differing from the healthy
cuticle in color.

PRURITUS
Pru*ri"tus, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: Itching.

PRUSSIAN
Prus"sian, a. Etym: [From Prussia, the country: cf. F. prussien.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Prussia.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Prussia. Prussian blue (Chem.), any
one of several complex double cyanides of ferrous and ferric iron;
specifically, a dark blue amorphous substance having a coppery
luster, obtained by adding a solution of potassium ferrocyanide
(yellow prussiate of potash) to a ferric salt. It is used in dyeing,
in ink, etc. Called also Williamson's blue, insoluble Prussian blue,
Berlin blue, etc.
 -- Prussian carp (Zoöl.) See Gibel.
 -- Prussian green. (Chem.) Same as Berlin green, under Berlin.

PRUSSIATE
Prus"si*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. prussiate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of prussic acid; a cyanide. Red prussiate of potash. See
Potassium ferricyanide, under Ferricyanide. Yellow prussiate of
potash. See Potassium ferrocyanide, under Ferrocyanide.

PRUSSIC
Prus"sic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. prussique.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: designating the acid now called hydrocyanic acid, but formerly
called prussic acid, because Prussian blue is derived from it or its
compounds. See Hydrocyanic.

PRUTENIC
Pru*ten"ic, a. (Astron.)

Defn: Prussian; -- applied to certain astronomical tables published
in the sixteenth century, founded on the principles of Copernicus, a
Prussian.

PRY
Pry, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. prize a lever. See Prize, n.]

Defn: A lever; also, leverage. [Local, U. S. & Eng.] Pry pole, the
pole which forms the prop of a hoisting gin, and stands facing the
windlass.

PRY
Pry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pried; p. pr. & vb. n. Prying.]

Defn: To raise or move, or attempt to raise or move, with a pry or
lever; to prize. [Local, U. S. & Eng.]

PRY
Pry, v. i. Etym: [OE. prien. Cf. Peer to peep.]

Defn: To peep narrowly; to gaze; to inspect closely; to attempt to
discover something by a scrutinizing curiosity; -- often implying
reproach. " To pry upon the stars." Chaucer.
Watch thou and wake when others be asleep, To pry into the secrets of
the state. Shak.

PRY
Pry, n.

Defn: Curious inspection; impertinent peeping.

PRYAN
Pry"an, n. (Mining)

Defn: See Prian.

PRYING
Pry"ing, a.

Defn: Inspecting closely or impertinently.

Syn.
 -- Inquisitive; curious. See Inquisitive.

PRYINGLY
Pry"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a prying manner.

PRYTANEUM
Pryt`a*ne"um, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A public building in certain Greek cities; especially, a public
hall in Athens regarded as the home of the community, in which
official hospitality was extended to distinguished citizens and
strangers.

PRYTANIS
Pryt"a*nis, n.; pl. Prytanes. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A member of one of the ten sections into which the Athenian
senate of five hundred was divided, and to each of which belonged the
presidency of the senate for about one tenth of the year.

PRYTANY
Pryt"a*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: The period during which the presidency of the senate belonged
to the prytanes of the section.

PRYTHEE
Pryth"ee, interj.

Defn: See Prithee.

PSALM
Psalm, n. Etym: [OE. psalm, salm, AS. sealm, L. psalmus, psalma, fr.
Gr. psalme, salme, F. psaume.]

1. A sacred song; a poetical composition for use in the praise or
worship of God.
Humus devout and holy psalms Singing everlastingly. Milton.

2. Especially, one of the hymns by David and others, collected into
one book of the Old Testament, or a modern metrical version of such a
hymn for public worship.

PSALM
Psalm, v. t.

Defn: To extol in psalms; to sing; as, psalming his praises.
Sylvester.

PSALMIST
Psalm"ist, n. Etym: [L. psalmista, Gr. psalmiste. See Psalm.]

1. A writer or composer of sacred songs; -- a title particularly
applied to David and the other authors of the Scriptural psalms.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A clerk, precentor, singer, or leader of music, in the church.

PSALMISTRY
Psalm"ist*ry, n.

Defn: The use of psalms in devotion; psalmody.

PSALMODIC; PSALMODICAL
Psal*mod"ic, Psal*mod"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. psalmodique.]

Defn: Relating to psalmody.

PSALMODIST
Psal"mo*dist, n.

Defn: One who sings sacred songs; a psalmist.

PSALMODIZE
Psal"mo*dize, v. i.

Defn: To practice psalmody. " The psalmodizing art." J. G. Cooper.

PSALMODY
Psal"mo*dy, n. Etym: [Gr. psalmodie, LL. psalmodia. See Psalm, and
Ode.]

Defn: The act, practice, or art of singing psalms or sacred songs;
also, psalms collectively, or a collection of psalms.

PSALMOGRAPH
Psal"mo*graph, n. Etym: [See Psalmographer.]

Defn: A writer of psalms; a psalmographer.

PSALMOGRAPHER; PSALMOGRAPHIST
Psal*mog"ra*pher, Psal*mog"ra*phist, n. Etym: [L. psalmographus, Gr.

Defn: A writer of psalms, or sacred songs and hymns.

PSALMOGRAPHY
Psal*mog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. psalmographie.]

Defn: The act or practice of writing psalms, or sacred songs.

PSALTER
Psal"ter, n. Etym: [OE. psauter, sauter, OF. sautier, psaltier, F.
psautier, from L. psalterium. See Psaltery.]

1. The Book of Psalms; -- often applied to a book containing the
Psalms separately printed.

2. Specifically, the Book of Psalms as printed in the Book of Common
Prayer; among the Roman Catholics, the part of the Breviary which
contains the Psalms arranged for each day of the week.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A rosary, consisting of a hundred and fifty beads,
corresponding to the number of the psalms.

PSALTERIAL
Psal*te"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the psalterium.

PSALTERIUM
Psal*te"ri*um, n.; pl. Psalteria. Etym: [L., a psaltery.] (Anat.)
(a) The third stomach of ruminants. See Manyplies.
(b) The lyra of the brain.

PSALTERY
Psal"ter*y, n.; pl. Psalteries. Etym: [OE. sautrie, OF. psalterie, F.
psaltérion, L. psalterium psaltery, psalter, from Gr. Psalm,
Psalter.]

Defn: A stringed instrument of music used by the Hebrews, the form of
which is not known.
Praise the Lord with harp; sing unto him with the psaltery and an
instrument of ten strings. Ps. xxxiii. 2.

PSAMMITE
Psam"mite, n. Etym: [Gr. psammite.] (Min.)

Defn: A species of micaceous sandstone.
 -- Psam*mit"ic, a.

PSAROLITE
Psar"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A silicified stem of tree fern, found in abundance in the
Triassic sandstone.

PSELLISM
Psel"lism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Indistinct pronunciation; stammering.

PSEPHISM
Pse"phism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A proposition adopted by a majority of votes; especially, one
adopted by vote of the Athenian people; a statute. J. P. Mahaffy.

PSEUDAESTHESIA
Pseu`dæs*the"si*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Pseudo-, and Æsthesia.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: False or imaginary feeling or sense perception such as occurs
in hypochondriasis, or such as is referred to an organ that has been
removed, as an amputated foot.

PSEUDEMBRYO
Pseu*dem"bry*o, n. Etym: [Pseudo- + embryo.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A false embryo.
(b) An asexual form from which the true embryo is produced by
budding.

PSEUDEPIGRAPHIC; PSEUDEPIGRAPHIC
Pseu*dep`i*graph"ic, Pseu*dep`i*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pseudepigraphy.

PSEUDEPIGRAPHOUS
Pseu`de*pig"ra*phous, a. Etym: [Gr. Pseudo-, and Epigraphy.]

Defn: Inscribed with a false name. Cudworth.

PSEUDEPIGRAPHY
Pseu`de*pig"ra*phy, n.

Defn: The ascription of false names of authors to works.

PSEUDHAEMAL
Pseud*hæ"mal, a. Etym: [Pseudo- + hæmal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the vascular system of annelids. Pseudhæmal
fluid, the circulatory fluid, or blood, of annelids, analogous to the
blood of vertebrates. It is often red, but is sometimes green or
colorless.
 -- Pseudhæmal vessels, the blood vessels of annelids.

PSEUDO-
Pseu"do-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form or prefix signifying false, counterfeit,
pretended, spurious; as, pseudo-apostle, a false apostle; pseudo-
clergy, false or spurious clergy; pseudo-episcopacy, pseudo-form,
pseudo-martyr, pseudo-philosopher. Also used adjectively.

PSEUDOBACTERIA
Pseu`do*bac*te"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [Pseudo- + bacteria.] (Biol.)

Defn: Microscopic organic particles, molecular granules, powdered
inorganic substances, etc., which in form, size, and grouping
resemble bacteria.

Note: The globules which divide and develop in form of chains are
organized beings; when this does not occur, we are dealing with
pseudobacteria. Sternberg.

PSEUDOBLEPSIS
Pseu`do*blep"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: False or depraved sight; imaginary vision of objects. Forsyth.

PSEUDOBRANCH
Pseu"do*branch, n. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Pseudobranchia.

PSEUDOBRANCHIA
Pseu`do*bran"chi*a, n.; pl. Pseudobranchiæ. Etym: [NL. See Pseudo-,
and Branchia.] (Anat.)

Defn: A rudimentary branchia, or gill.
 -- Pseu`do*bran"chi*al, a.

PSEUDO-BULB
Pseu"do-bulb`, n. Etym: [Pseudo- + bulb.] (Bot.)

Defn: An aërial corm, or thickened stem, as of some epiphytic
orchidaceous plants.

PSEUDOCARP
Pseu"do*carp, n. Etym: [Pseudo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: That portion of an anthocarpous fruit which is not derived from
the ovary, as the soft part of a strawberry or of a fig.

PSEUDO-CHINA
Pseu`do-chi"na, n. Etym: [Pseudo- + china.] (Bot.)

Defn: The false china root, a plant of the genus Smilax (S. Pseudo-
china), found in America.

PSEUDOCOELE
Pseu"do*coele, n.

Defn: Same as Pseudocoelia.

PSEUDOCOELIA
Pseu`do*coe"li*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The fifth ventricle in the mammalian brain. See Ventricle. B.
G. Wilder.

PSEUDO-CONE
Pseu"do-cone`, n. Etym: [Pseudo- + cone.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the soft gelatinous cones found in the compound eyes of
certain insects, taking the place of the crystalline cones of others.

PSEUDO-CUMENE
Pseu`do-cu"mene, n. Etym: [Pseudo- + cumene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series, metameric with mesitylene
and cumene, found in coal tar, and obtained as a colorless liquid.

PSEUDO-DIPTERAL
Pseu`do-dip"ter*al, a. Etym: [Pseudo- + dipteral: cf. F.
pseudodiptère.] (Arch.)

Defn: Falsely or imperfectly dipteral, as a temple with the inner
range of columns surrounding the cella omitted, so that the space
between the cella wall and the columns is very great, being equal to
two intercolumns and one column.
 -- n.

Defn: A pseudo-dipteral temple.

PSEUDODOX
Pseu"do*dox, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Not true in opinion or doctrine; false.
 -- n.

Defn: A false opinion or doctrine. "To maintain the atheistical
pseudodox which judgeth evil good, and darkness light." T. Adams.

PSEUDOFILARIA
Pseu`do*fi*la"ri*a, n.; pl. Pseudofilari. Etym: [NL. See Pseudo-, and
Filaria.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the two elongated vibratile young formed by fission of
the embryo during the development of certain Gregarinæ.

PSEUDO-GALENA
Pseu`do-ga*le"na, n. Etym: [Pseudo- + galena.] (Min.)

Defn: False galena, or blende. See Blende (a).

PSEUDOGRAPH
Pseu"do*graph, n. Etym: [See Pseudography.]

Defn: A false writing; a spurious document; a forgery.

PSEUDOGRAPHY
Pseu*dog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: False writing; forgery.

PSEUDOHALTER
Pseu`do*hal"ter, n.; pl. Pseudohalteres. Etym: [NL. See Pseudo-, and
Halteres.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the rudimentary front wings of certain insects
(Stylops). They resemble the halteres, or rudimentary hind wings, of
Diptera.

PSEUDO-HEART
Pseu"do-heart`, n. Etym: [Pseudo- + heart.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any contractile vessel of invertebrates which is not of the
nature of a real heart, especially one of those pertaining to the
excretory system.

PSEUDO-HYPERTHOPHIC
Pseu`do-hy`per*thoph"ic, a. Etym: [Pseudo- + hypertrophic.] (Med.)

Defn: Falsely hypertrophic; as, pseudo-hypertrophic paralysis, a
variety of paralysis in which the muscles are apparently enlarged,
but are really degenerated and replaced by fat.

PSEUDOLOGIST
Pseu*dol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who utters falsehoods; a liar.

PSEUDOLOGY
Pseu*dol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. pseudologie.]

Defn: Falsehood of speech. Arbuthnot.

PSEUDO-METALLIC
Pseu`do-me*tal"lic, a. Etym: [Pseudo- + metallic.]

Defn: Falsely or imperfectly metallic; -- said of a kind of luster,
as in minerals.

PSEUDO-MONOCOTYLEDONOUS
Pseu`do-mon`o*cot`y*led"on*ous, a. Etym: [Pseudo- +
monocotyledonous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having two coalescent cotyledons, as the live oak and the
horse-chestnut.

PSEUDOMORPH
Pseu"do*morph, n. Etym: [See Pseudomorphous.]

1. An irregular or deceptive form.

2. (Crystallog.)

Defn: A pseudomorphous crystal, as a crystal consisting of quartz,
but having the cubic form of fluor spar, the fluor crystal having
been changed to quartz by a process of substitution.

PSEUDOMORPHISM
Pseu`do*mor"phism, n. (Crystallog.)

Defn: The state of having, or the property of taking, a crystalline
form unlike that which belongs to the species.

PSEUDOMORPHOUS
Pseu`do*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Gr. pseudomorphe.]

Defn: Not having the true form. Pseudomorphous crystal, one which has
a form that does not result from its own powers of crystallization.

PSEUDONAVICELLA
Pseu`do*nav`i*cel"la, n.; pl. Pseudonavicullæ. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pseudonavicula.

PSEUDONAVICULA
Pseu`do*na*vic"u*la, n.; pl. Pseudonaviculæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
navicula, a genus of diatoms. See Navicular.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the minute spindle-shaped embryos of Gregarinæ and some
other Protozoa.

PSEUDONEUROPTERA
Pseu`do*neu*rop"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pseudo-, and
Neuroptera.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: division of insects (Zoöl.) reticulated wings, as in the
Neuroptera, but having an active pupa state. It includes the dragon
flies, May flies, white ants, etc. By some zoölogists they are
classed with the Orthoptera; by others, with the Neuroptera.

PSEUDONEUROPTEROUS
Pseu`do*neu*rop"ter*ous, a. (Zool.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Pseudoneuroptera.

PSEUDONYM
Pseu"do*nym, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pseudonyme. See Pseudonymous.]

Defn: A fictitious name assumed for the time, as by an author; a pen
name. [Written also pseudonyme.]

PSEUDONYMITY
Pseu`do*nym"i*ty, n.

Defn: The using of fictitious names, as by authors.

PSEUDONYMOUS
Pseu*don"y*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. pseudonyme. See Pseudo-, and Name.]

Defn: Bearing a false or fictitious name; as, a pseudonymous work.
 -- Pseu*don"y*mous*ly, adv.
 -- Pseu*don"y*mous*ness, n.

PSEUDO-PERIPTERAL
Pseu`do-pe*rip"ter*al, a. Etym: [Pseudo- + peripteral: cf. F.
pseudopériptère.] (Arch.)

Defn: Falsely or imperfectly peripteral, as a temple having the
columns at the sides attached to the walls, and an ambulatory only at
the ends or only at one end.
 -- n.

Defn: A pseudo-peripteral temple. Oxf. Gloss.

PSEUDO-PERIPTERAL
Pseu`do-pe*rip"ter*al, a. [Pseudo- + peripteral: cf. F.
pseudopériptère.] (Arch.)

Defn: Falsely or imperfectly peripteral, as a temple having the
columns at the sides attached to the walls, and an ambulatory only at
the ends or only at one end. -- n.

Defn: A pseudo-peripteral temple.  Oxf. Gloss.

PSEUDOPOD
Pseu"do*pod, n. Etym: [Pseudo- + -pod.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Any protoplasmic filament or irregular process projecting from
any unicellular organism, or from any animal or plant call.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rhizopod.

PSEUDOPODIAL
Pseu`do*po"di*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pseudopod, or to pseudopodia. See Illust.
of Heliozoa.

PSEUDOPODIUM
Pseu`do*po"di*um, n.; pl. Pseudopodia (. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Same as Pseudopod.

PSEUDOPUPA
Pseu`do*pu"pa, n.; pl. L. Pseudopupæ, E. Pseudopupas. Etym: [NL. See
Pseudo-, and Pupa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stage intermediate between the larva and pupa of bees and
certain other hymenopterous insects.

PSEUDORHABDITE
Pseu`do*rhab"dite, n. Etym: [Pseudo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the peculiar rodlike corpuscles found in the integument
of certain Turbellaria. They are filled with a soft granular
substance.

PSEUDO-ROMANTIC
Pseu`do-ro*man"tic, a. Etym: Pseudo- + romantic.]

Defn: Falsely romantic.
The false taste, the pseudo-romantic rage. De Quincey.

PSEUDOSCOPE
Pseu"do*scope, n. Etym: [Pseudo- + -scope.] (Opt.)

Defn: An instrument which exhibits objects with their proper relief
reversed; -- an effect opposite to that produced by the stereoscope.
Wheatstone.

PSEUDOSCOPIC
Pseu`do*scop"ic, a. (Opt.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or formed by, a pseudoscope; having its
parts appearing with the relief reversed; as, a pseudoscopic image.

PSEUDOSCORPIONES
Pseu`do*scor`pi*o"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pseudo-, and Scorpion.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Arachnoidea having the palpi terminated by large
claws, as in the scorpions, but destitute of a caudal sting; the
false scorpions. Called also Pseudoscorpii, and Pseudoscorpionina.
See Illust. of Book scorpion, under Book.

PSEUDOSPHERE
Pseu"do*sphere`, n. Etym: [Pseudo- + sphere.] (Geom.)

Defn: The surface of constant negative curvature generated by the
revolution of a tractrix. This surface corresponds in non-Euclidian
space to the sphere in ordinary space. An important property of the
surface is that any figure drawn upon it can be displaced in any way
without tearing it or altering in size any of its elements.

PSEUDOSPORE
Pseu"do*spore`, n. Etym: [Pseudo- + spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: A peculiar reproductive cell found in some fungi.

PSEUDOSTELLA
Pseu`do*stel"la, n.; pl. -læ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. stella star.]
(Astron.)

Defn: Any starlike meteor or phenomenon. [R.]

PSEUDOSTOMA
Pseu*dos"to*ma, n.; pl. Pseudostomata. Etym: [NL. See Pseudo-, and
Stoma.] (Anat.)

Defn: A group of cells resembling a stoma, but without any true
aperture among them.

PSEUDO-SYMMETRIC
Pseu`do-sym*met"ric, a. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Exhibiting pseudo-symmetry.

PSEUDO-SYMMETRY
Pseu`do-sym"me*try, n. Etym: [Pseudo- + symmetry.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A kind of symmetry characteristic of certain crystals which
from twinning, or other causes, come to resemble forms of a system
other than that to which they belong, as the apparently hexagonal
prisms of aragonite.

PSEUDOTETRAMERA
Pseu`do*te*tram"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pseudo-, and
Tetramerous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of beetles having the fifth tarsal joint minute and
obscure, so that there appear to be but four joints.
 -- Pseu`do*te*tram"er*al, a.

PSEUDOTINEA
Pseu`do*tin"e*a (, n.; pl. Pseudotineæ. Etym: [NL. See Pseudo-, and
Tinea.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bee moth, or wax moth (Galleria).

PSEUDOTURBINAL
Pseu`do*tur"bi*nal, a. Etym: [Pseudo- + turbinal.] (Anat.)

Defn: See under Turbinal.

PSEUDOVARY
Pseu*do"va*ry, n.; pl. Pseudovaries. Etym: [Pseudo- + ovary.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The organ in which pseudova are produced; -- called also
pseudovarium.

PSEUDOVUM
Pseu*do"vum, n.; pl. Pseudova. Etym: [NL. See Pseudo-, and Ovum.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An egglike germ produced by the agamic females of some insects
and other animals, and by the larvæ of certain insects. It is capable
of development without fertilization. See Illust. of Pædogenesis.

PSHAW
Pshaw, interj. Etym: [Of imitative origin.]

Defn: Pish! pooch! -- an exclamation used as an expression of
contempt, disdain, dislike, etc. [Written also psha.]

PSHAW
Pshaw, v. i.

Defn: To express disgust or contemptuous disapprobation, as by the
exclamation " Pshaw!"
The goodman used regularly to frown and pshaw wherever this topic was
touched upon. Sir W. Scott.

PSILANTHROPIC
Psi`lan*throp"ic, a. Etym: [see Psilanthropist.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or embodying, psilanthropy. "A psilanthropic
explanation." Coleridge.

PSILANTHROPISM
Psi*lan"thro*pism, n.

Defn: Psilanthropy.

PSILANTHROPIST
Psi*lan"thro*pist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who believes that Christ was a mere man. Smart.

PSILANTHROPY
Psi*lan"thro*py, n.

Defn: The doctrine of the merely human existence of Christ.

PSILOLOGY
Psi*lol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr -logy.]

Defn: Love of empty of empty talk or noise. Coleridge.

PSILOMELANE
Psi*lom"e*lane, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous oxide of manganese, occurring in smooth, botryoidal
forms, and massive, and having an iron-black or steel-gray color.

PSILOPAEDES
Psi`lo*pæ"des, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: birds whose young at first have down on the pterylæ only; --
called also Gymnopædes.

PSILOPAEDIC
Psi`lo*pæd"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having down upon the pterylæ only; -- said of the young of
certain birds.

PSILOSOPHER
Psi*los"o*pher, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A superficial or narrow pretender to philosophy; a sham
philosopher.

PSITTACEOUS; PSITTACID
Psit*ta"ceous, Psit"ta*cid, a. Etym: [L. psittacus a parrot, Gr.
psittacide.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the parrots, or the Psittaci.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Psittaci.

PSITTACI
Psit"ta*ci, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The order of birds which comprises the parrots.

PSITTA-CO-FULVINE
Psit`ta-co-ful"*vine, n. Etym: [Gr. fulvus yellow.]

Defn: A yellow pigment found in the feathers of certain parrots.

PSOAS
Pso"as, n. Etym: [Gr. psoas.] (Anat.)

Defn: An internal muscle arising from the lumbar vertebræ and
inserted into the femur. In man there are usually two on each side,
and the larger one, or great psoas, forms a part of the iliopsoas.

PSORA
Pso"ra, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A cutaneous disease; especially, the itch.

PSORIASIS
Pso*ri"a*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
(a) The state of being affected with psora. [Obs.]
(b) A cutaneous disease, characterized by imbricated silvery scales,
affecting only the superficial layers of the skin.

PSORIC
Pso"ric, a. Etym: [L. psoricus, Gr. psorique.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to psora.

PSOROSPERM
Pso"ro*sperm, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A minute parasite, usually the young of Gregarinæ, in the
pseudonavicula stage.

PSYCHAGOGIC
Psy`cha*gog"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Psychagogue.]

Defn: Attractive; persuasive. J. Morley.

PSYCHAGOGUE
Psy"cha*gogue, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A necromancer. [R.]

PSYCHAL
Psy"chal, a. Etym: [See Psychical.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the soul; psychical. Bayne.

PSYCHANALYSIS
Psy`cha*nal"y*sis, n.  [Psycho-+ analysis.]

Defn: A method or process of psychotherapeutic analysis based on the
work of Dr. Sigmund Freud (1856- --) of Vienna. The method rests upon
the theory that hysteria is characteristically due to repression of
desires consciously rejected but subconsciously persistent; it
consists in a close analysis of the patient's mental history, stress
being laid upon the dream life, and of treatment by means of
suggestion. -- Psy*chan`a*lyt"ic (#), a. -- Psy`cha*nal"y*sist (#),
n.

PSYCHE
Psy"che, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Class Myth.)

Defn: A lovely maiden, daughter of a king and mistress of Eros, or
Cupid. She is regarded as the personification of the soul.

2. The soul; the vital principle; the mind.

3. Etym: [F. psyché.]

Defn: A cheval glass.

PSYCHIAN
Psy"chi*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small moth of the genus Psyche and allied genera (family
Psychidæ). The larvæ are called basket worms. See Basket worm, under
Basket.

PSYCHIATRIA; PSYCHIATRY
Psy*chi`a*tri"a, Psy*chi"a*try, n. Etym: [NL. psychiatria, fr. Gr.
(Med.)

Defn: The application of the healing art to mental diseases.
Dunglison.

PSYCHIATRIC
Psy`chi*at"ric, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to psychiatria.

PSYCHIC; PSYCHICAL
Psy"chic, Psy"chic*al, a. Etym: [L. psychicus, Gr. psychique.]

1. Of or pertaining to the human soul, or to the living principle in
man.

Note: This term was formerly used to express the same idea as
psychological. Recent metaphysicians, however, have employed it to
mark the difference between psychh` the living principle in man, and
pney^ma the rational or spiritual part of his nature. In this use,
the word describes the human soul in its relation to sense, appetite,
and the outer visible world, as distinguished from spiritual or
rational faculties, which have to do with the supersensible world.
Heyse.

2. Of or pertaining to the mind, or its functions and diseases;
mental; -- contrasted with physical. Psychical blindness, Psychical
deafness (Med.), forms of nervous disease in which, while the senses
of sight and hearing remain unimpaired, the mind fails to appreciate
the significance of the sounds heard or the images seen.
 -- Psychical contagion, the transference of disease, especially of a
functional nervous disease, by mere force of example.
 -- Psychical medicine, that department of medicine which treats of
mental diseases.

PSYCHICS
Psy"chics, n.

Defn: Psychology.

PSYCHISM
Psy"chism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. psychisme.] (Philos.)

Defn: The doctrine of Quesne, that there is a fluid universally
diffused, end equally animating all living beings, the difference in
their actions being due to the difference of the individual
organizations. Fleming.

PSYCHO-
Psy"cho-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. the soul, the mind, the
understanding; as, psychology.

PSYCHOANALYSIS; PSYCHOANALYTIC
Psy`cho*a*nal"y*sis, n. --Psy`cho*an`a*lyt"ic, a. etc.

Defn: = Psychanalysis, Psychanalytic.

PSYCHOGENESIS
Psy`cho*gen"e*sis, n.

Defn: Genesis through an internal force, as opposed to natural
selection.

PSYCHOGRAPHY
Psy*chog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Psycho- + -graphy.]

1. A description of the phenomena of mind.

2. (Spiritualism)

Defn: Spirit writing.

PSYCHOLOGIC; PSYCHOLOGICAL
Psy`cho*log"ic, Psy`cho*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. psychologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to psychology. See Note under Psychic.
 -- Psy`cho*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

PSYCHOLOGIST
Psy*chol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. psychologiste.]

Defn: One who is versed in, devoted to, psychology.

PSYCHOLOGUE
Psy"cho*logue, n.

Defn: A psychologist.

PSYCHOLOGY
Psy*chol"o*gy, n. pl. Psychologies (. Etym: [Psycho- + -logy: cf. F.
psychologie. See Psychical.]

Defn: The science of the human soul; specifically, the systematic or
scientific knowledge of the powers and functions of the human soul,
so far as they are known by consciousness; a treatise on the human
soul.
Psychology, the science conversant about the phenomena of the mind,
or conscious subject, or self. Sir W. Hamilton.

PSYCHOMACHY
Psy*chom"a*chy, n. Etym: [L. psychomachia, fr. Gr.

Defn: A conflict of the soul with the body.

PSYCHOMANCY
Psy"cho*man`cy, n. Etym: [Psycho- + -mancy: cf. F. psychomancie.]

Defn: Necromancy.

PSYCHOMETRY
Psy*chom"e*try, n. Etym: [Psycho- + -metry.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The art of measuring the duration of mental processes, or of
determining the time relations of mental phenomena.
 -- Psy`cho*met"ric, a.

PSYCHO-MOTOR
Psy`cho-mo"tor, a. Etym: [Psycho- + motor.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to movement produced by action of the mind or
will.

PSYCHOPANNYCHISM
Psy"cho*pan"ny*chism, n. Etym: [Psycho- + Gr. (Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine that the soul falls asleep at death, and does not
wake until the resurrection of the body.
 -- Psy`cho*pan"ny*chism, n.

PSYCHOPATHY
Psy*chop"a*thy, n. Etym: [Psycho- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Mental disease. See Psychosis, 2.
 -- Psy`cho*path"ic, a.
 -- Psy*chop"a*thist, n.

PSYCHOPHYSICAL
Psy`cho*phys"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to psychophysics; involving the action or
mutual relations of the psychical and physical in man. Psychophysical
time (Physiol.), the time required for the mind to transform a
sensory impression into a motor impulse. It is an important part of
physiological or reaction time. See under Reaction.

PSYCHOPHYSICS
Psy`cho*phys"ics, n. Etym: [Psycho- + physics.]

Defn: The science of the connection between nerve action and
consciousness; the science which treats of the relations of the
psychical and physical in their conjoint operation in man; the
doctrine of the relation of function or dependence between body and
soul.

PSYCHOPOMP
Psy"cho*pomp, n. Etym: [Gr. psychopompe.] (Myth.)

Defn: A leader or guide of souls . J. Fiske.

PSYCHOSIS
Psy*cho"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Psycho-.]

1. Any vital action or activity. Mivart.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A disease of the mind; especially, a functional mental
disorder, that is, one unattended with evident organic changes.

PSYCHOTHERAPEUTICS
Psy`cho*ther`a*peu"tics, n. [Psycho- + therapeutics.] (Med.)

Defn: The treatment of disease by acting on the mind, as by
suggestion; mind cure; psychotherapy.

PSYCHOTHERAPY
Psy`cho*ther"a*py, n.  [Psycho-+ therapy.] (Med.)

Defn: Psychotherapeutics.

PSYCHOZOIC
Psy`cho*zo"ic, a. Etym: [Psycho- + Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: Designating, or applied to the Era of man; as, the psychozoic
era.

PSYCHROMETER
Psy*chrom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. psychro`s cold + -meter: cf. F.
psychromètre.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the tension of the aqueous vapor in
the atmosphere, being essentially a wet and dry bulb hygrometer.

PSYCHROMETRICAL
Psy`chro*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the psychrometer or psychrometry.

PSYCHROMETRY
Psy*chrom"e*try, n.

Defn: Hygrometry.

PSYLLA
Psyl"la, n.; pl. Psyllæ. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any leaping plant louse of the genus Psylla, or family
Psyllidæ.

PTARMIGAN
Ptar"mi*gan, n. Etym: [Gael. tarmachan; cf. Ir. tarmochan,
tarmonach.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any grouse of the genus Lagopus, of which numerous species are
known. The feet are completely feathered. Most of the species are
brown in summer, but turn white, or nearly white, in winter.

Note: They chiefly inhabit the northern countries and high mountains
of Europe, Asia, and America. The common European species is Lagopus
mutus. The Scotch grouse, red grouse, or moor fowl (L. Scoticus), is
reddish brown, and does not turn white in winter. The white, or
willow, ptarmigan (L. albus) is found in both Europe and America.

PTENOGLOSSA
Pte`no*glos"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of gastropod mollusks having the teeth of the radula
arranged in long transverse rows, somewhat like the barbs of a
feather.

PTENOGLOSSATE
Pte`no*glos"sate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ptenoglossa.

PTERANODON
Pte*ran"o*don, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of American Cretaceous pterodactyls destitute of teeth.
Several species are known, some of which had an expanse of wings of
twenty feet or more.

PTERANODONTIA
Pte*ran`o*don"ti*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A group of pterodactyls destitute of teeth, as in the genus
Pteranodon.

PTERICHTHYS
Pte*rich"thys, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of Devonian fossil fishes with winglike appendages. The
head and most of the body were covered with large bony plates. See
Placodermi.

PTERIDOLOGIST
Pter`i*dol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in pteridology.

PTERIDOLOGY
Pter`i*dol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: That department of botany which treats of ferns.

PTERIDOMANIA
Pter`i*do*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Gr. mania.]

Defn: A madness, craze, or strong fancy, for ferns. [R.] C. Kingsley.

PTERIDOPHYTA
Pter`i*doph"y*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A class of flowerless plants, embracing ferns, horsetails, club
mosses, quillworts, and other like plants. See the Note under
Cryptogamia.
 -- Pter"i*do*phyte`, n.

Note: This is a modern term, devised to replace the older ones
acrogens and vascular Cryptogamia.

PTEROBRANCHIA
Pter`o*bran"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of marine Bryozoa, having a bilobed lophophore and an
axial cord. The genus Rhabdopleura is the type. Called also
Podostomata. See Rhabdopleura.

PTEROCERAS
Pte*roc"e*ras, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large marine gastropods having the outer border of
the lip divided into lobes; -- called also scorpion shell.

PTEROCLETES
Pter`o*cle"tes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr Pterocles, the typical genus,
fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of birds including the sand grouse. They are in some
respects intermediate between the pigeons and true grouse. Called
also Pteroclomorphæ.

PTERODACTYL
Pter`o*dac"tyl, n. Etym: [Gr. ptérodactyle.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct flying reptile; one of the Pterosauria. See
Illustration in Appendix.

PTERODACTYLI
Pter`o*dac"ty*li, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Same as Pterosauria.

PTEROGLOSSAL
Pter`o*glos"sal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the tongue finely notched along the sides, so as to have
a featherlike appearance, as the toucans.

PTERON
Pte"ron, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The region of the skull, in the temporal fossa back of the
orbit, where the great wing of the sphenoid, the temporal, the
parietal, and the frontal hones approach each other.

PTEROPAPPI
Pter`o*pap"pi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zool.)

Defn: Same as Odontotormæ.

PTEROPHORE
Pter"o*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any moth of the genus Pterophorus and allied genera; a plume
moth. See Plume moth, under Plume.

PTEROPOD
Pter"o*pod, n. Etym: [Gr. ptéropode.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Pteropoda.

PTEROPODA
Pte*rop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of Mollusca in which the anterior lobes of the foot are
developed in the form of broad, thin, winglike organs, with which
they swim at near the surface of the sea.

Note: The Pteropoda are divided into two orders: Cymnosomata, which
have the body entirely naked and the head distinct from the wings;
and Thecosomata, which have a delicate transparent shell of various
forms, and the head not distinct from the wings.

PTEROPODOUS
Pte*rop"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Pteropoda.

PTEROSAUR
Pter"o*saur, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A pterodactyl.

PTEROSAURIA
Pter`o*sau"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct order of flying reptiles of the Mesozoic age; the
pterodactyls; -- called also Pterodactyli, and Ornithosauria.

Note: The wings were formed, like those of bats, by a leathery
expansion of the skin, principally supported by the greatly enlarged
outer or " little" fingers of the hands. The American Cretaceous
pterodactyls had no teeth. See Pteranodontia, and Pterodactyl.

PTEROSAURIAN
Pter`o*sau"ri*an, a. (Paleon.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Pterosauria.

PTEROSTIGMA
Pter`o*stig"ma, n.; pl. Pterostigmata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A thickened opaque spot on the wings of certain insects.

PTEROTIC
Pte*ro"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or designating, a bone between the proötic
and epiotic in the dorsal and outer part of the periotic capsule of
many fishes.
 -- n.

Defn: The pterotic bone.

Note: The pterotic bone is so called because fancied in some cases to
resemble in form a bird's wing

PTERYGIUM
Pte*ryg"i*um, n.; pl. E. Pterygiums, L. Pterygia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Med.)

Defn: A superficial growth of vascular tissue radiating in a fanlike
manner from the cornea over the surface of the eye.

PTERYGOID
Pter"y*goid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Anat.)
(a) Like a bird's wing in form; as, a pterygoid bone.
(b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pterygoid bones,
pterygoid processes, or the whole sphenoid bone.
 -- n.

Defn: A pterygoid bone. Pterygoid bone (Anat.), a bone which
corresponds to the inner plate of the pterygoid process of the human
skull, but which, in all vertebrates below mammals, is not connected
with the posterior nares, but serves to connect the palatine bones
with the point of suspension of the lower jaw.
 -- Pterygoid process (Anat.), a process projecting downward from
either side of the sphenoid bone, in man divided into two plates, an
inner and an outer. The posterior nares pass through the space,
called the pterygoid fossa, between the processes.

PTERYGOMAXILLARY
Pter`y*go*max"il*la*ry, a. Etym: [Pterygoid + maxillary.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the inner pterygoid plate, or pterygoid
bone, and the lower jaw.

PTERYGOPALATINE
Pter`y*go*pal"a*tine, a. Etym: [Pterygoid + palatine.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pterygoid processes and the palatine
bones.

PTERYGOPODIUM
Pter`y*go*po"di*um, n.; pl. Pterygopodia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A specially modified part of the ventral fin in male
elasmobranchs, which serves as a copulatory organ, or clasper.

PTERYGOQUADRATE
Pter`y*go*quad"rate, a. Etym: [Pterygoid + quadrate.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or representing the pterygoid and quadrate
bones or cartilages.

PTERYLA
Pte*ry"la, n.; pl. Pterylæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the definite areas of the skin of a bird on which
feathers grow; -- contrasted with apteria.

PTERYLOGRAPHY
Pter`y*log"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Pteryla + -graphy.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The study or description of the arrangement of feathers, or of
the pterylæ, of birds.

PTERYLOSIS
Pter`y*lo"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. NL. & E. pteryla.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The arrangement of feathers in definite areas.

PTILOCERQUE
Ptil"o*cerque, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zool.)

Defn: The pentail.

PTILOPAEDES
Ptil`o*pæ"des, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Dasypædes.

PTILOPAEDIC
Ptil`o*pæd"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having nearly the whole surface of the skin covered with down;
dasypædic; -- said of the young of certain birds.

PTILOPTERI
Pti*lop"te*ri, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of birds including only the penguins.

PTILOSIS
Pti*lo"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pterylosis.

PTISAN
Ptis"an, n. Etym: [L. ptisana peeled barley, barley water, Gr.
ptisane, tisane.]

1. A decoction of barley with other ingredients; a farinaceous drink.

2. (Med.)

Defn: An aqueous medicine, containing little, if any, medicinal
agent; a tea or tisane.

PTOLEMAIC
Ptol`e*ma"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Ptolemy, the geographer and astronomer.
Ptolemaic system (Astron.), the system maintained by Ptolemy, who
supposed the earth to be fixed in the center of the universe, with
the sun and stars revolving around it. This theory was received for
ages, until superseded by the Copernican system.

PTOLEMAIST
Ptol"e*ma`ist, n.

Defn: One who accepts the astronomical system of Ptolemy.

PTOMAINE
Pto"ma*ine, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of animal bases or alkaloids formed in the
putrefaction of various kinds of albuminous matter, and closely
related to the vegetable alkaloids; a cadaveric poison. The
ptomaines, as a class, have their origin in dead matter, by which
they are to be distinguished from the leucomaines.

PTOSIS
Pto"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Drooping of the upper eyelid, produced by paralysis of its
levator muscle.

PTYALIN
Pty"a*lin, n. Etym: [Gr. Ptyalism.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An unorganized amylolytic ferment, on enzyme, present in human
mixed saliva and in the saliva of some animals.

PTYALISM
Pty"a*lism, n. Etym: [Gr. ptyalisme.]

Defn: Salivation, or an excessive flow of saliva. Quain.

PTYALOGOGUE
Pty*al"o*gogue, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A ptysmagogue.

PTYSMAGOGUE
Ptys"ma*gogue, n. Etym: [Gr. ptysmagogue.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicine that promotes the discharge of saliva.

PTYXIS
Ptyx"is, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The way in which a leaf is sometimes folded in the bud.

PUBBLE
Pub"ble, a. Etym: [Perhaps fr. bubble.]

Defn: Puffed out, pursy; pudgy; fat. [Obs.] Drant.

PUBERAL
Pu"ber*al, a. Etym: [From L. puber, pubes, grown up, adult.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to puberty.

PUBERTY
Pu"ber*ty, n. Etym: [L. pubertas, fr. puber, pubes, adult: cf. F.
puberté.]

1. The earliest age at which persons are capable of begetting or
bearing children, usually considered, in temperate climates, to be
about fourteen years in males and twelve in females.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The period when a plant first bears flowers.

PUBERULENT
Pu*ber"u*lent, a. Etym: [See Pubis.] (Bot.)

Defn: Very minutely downy.

PUBES
Pu"bes, n. Etym: [L., the hair which appears on the body at puberty,
from pubes adult.]

1. (Anat.)
(a) The hair which appears upon the lower part of the hypogastric
region at the age of puberty.
(b) Hence (as more commonly used), the lower part of the hypogastric
region; the pubic region.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The down of plants; a downy or villous substance which grows on
plants; pubescence.

PUBESCENCE
Pu*bes"cence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pubescence.]

1. The quality or state of being pubescent, or of having arrived at
puberty. Sir T. Browne.

2. A covering of soft short hairs, or down, as one some plants and
insects; also, the state of being so covered.

PUBESCENCY
Pu*bes"cen*cy, n.

Defn: Pubescence.

PUBESCENT
Pu*bes"cent, a. Etym: [L. pubescens, -entis, p. pr. of pubescere to
reach puberty, to grow hairy or mossy, fr. pubes pubes: cf. F.
pubescent.]

1. Arrived at puberty.
That . . . the men (are) pubescent at the age of twice seven, is
accounted a punctual truth. Sir T. Browne.

2. Covered with pubescence, or fine short hairs, as certain insects,
and the leaves of some plants.

PUBIC
Pu"bic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pubes; in the region of the pubes; as,
the pubic bone; the pubic region, or the lower part of the
hypogastric region. See Pubes.
(b) Of or pertaining to the pubis.

PUBIS
Pu"bis, n. Etym: [NL. See Pubes.] (Anat.)

Defn: The ventral and anterior of the three principal bones composing
either half of the pelvis; sharebone; pubic bone.

PUBLIC
Pub"lic, a. Etym: [L. publicus, poblicus, fr. populus people: cf. F.
public. See People.]

1. Of or pertaining to the people; belonging to the people; relating
to, or affecting, a nation, state, or community; -- opposed to
private; as, the public treasury.
To the public good Private respects must yield. Milton.
He [Alexander Hamilton] touched the dead corpse of the public credit,
and it sprung upon its feet. D. Webster.

2. Open to the knowledge or view of all; general; common; notorious;
as, public report; public scandal.
Joseph, . . . not willing to make her a public example, was minded to
put her away privily. Matt. i. 19.

3. Open to common or general use; as, a public road; a public house.
"The public street." Shak. Public act or statute (Law), an act or
statute affecting matters of public concern. Of such statutes the
courts take judicial notice.
 -- Public credit. See under Credit.
 -- Public funds. See Fund, 3.
 -- Public house, an inn, or house of entertainment.
 -- Public law. (a) See International law, under International. (b) A
public act or statute.
 -- Public nuisance. (Law) See under Nuisance.
 -- Public orator. (Eng. Universities) See Orator, 3.
 -- Public stores, military and naval stores, equipments, etc.
 -- Public works, all fixed works built by civil engineers for public
use, as railways, docks, canals, etc.; but strictly, military and
civil engineering works constructed at the public cost.

PUBLIC
Pub"lic, n.

1. The general body of mankind, or of a nation, state, or community;
the people, indefinitely; as, the American public; also, a particular
body or aggregation of people; as, an author's public.
The public is more disposed to censure than to praise. Addison.

2. A public house; an inn. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. In public, openly;
before an audience or the people at large; not in private or secrecy.
"We are to speak in public." Shak.

PUBLICAN
Pub"li*can, n. Etym: [L. publicanus: cf. F. publicain. See Public.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A farmer of the taxes and public revenues; hence, a collector
of toll or tribute. The inferior officers of this class were often
oppressive in their exactions, and were regarded with great
detestation.
As Jesus at meat . . . many publicans and sinners came and sat down
with him and his disciples. Matt. 1x. 10.
How like a fawning publican he looks! Shak.

2. The keeper of an inn or public house; one licensed to retail beer,
spirits, or wine.

PUBLICATION
Pub`li*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. publicatio confiscation: cf. F.
publication. See Publish.]

1. The act of publishing or making known; notification to the people
at large, either by words, writing, or printing; proclamation;
divulgation; promulgation; as, the publication of the law at Mount
Sinai; the publication of the gospel; the publication of statutes or
edicts.

2. The act of offering a book, pamphlet, engraving, etc., to the
public by sale or by gratuitous distribution.
The publication of these papers was not owing to our folly, but that
of others. Swift.

3. That which is published or made known; especially, any book,
pamphlet, etc., offered for sale or to public notice; as, a daily or
monthly publication.

4. An act done in public. [R. & Obs.]
His jealousy . . . attends the business, the recreations, the
publications, and retirements of every man. Jer. Taylor.
Publication of a libel (Law), such an exhibition of a libel as brings
it to the notice of at least one person other than the person
libeled.
 -- Publication of a will (Law), the delivery of a will, as his own,
by a testator to witnesses who attest it.

PUBLIC-HEARTED
Pub"lic-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Public-spirited. [R.]

PUBLICIST
Pub"li*cist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. publiciste.]

Defn: A writer on the laws of nature and nations; one who is versed
in the science of public right, the principles of government, etc.
The Whig leaders, however, were much more desirous to get rid of
Episcopacy than to prove themselves consummate publicists and
logicians. Macaulay.

PUBLICITY
Pub*lic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. publicité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being public, or open to the knowledge
of a community; notoriety; publicness.

PUBLICITY PAMPHLET
Publicity pamphlet.

Defn: A pamphlet which, in some States of the United States having
the initiative or referendum, is mailed to the voters to inform them
as to the nature of a measure submitted by the initiative or
referendum. The pamphlet contains a copy of the proposed law and
arguments for and against it by those favoring and opposing it,
respectively.

PUBLICLY
Pub"lic*ly, adv.

1. With exposure to popular view or notice; without concealment;
openly; as, property publicly offered for sale; an opinion publicly
avowed; a declaration publicly made.

2. In the name of the community. Addison.

PUBLIC-MINDED
Pub"lic-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Public-spirited.
 -- Pub"lic-mind`ed*ness, n.

PUBLICNESS
Pub"lic*ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being public, or open to the view or
notice of people at large; publicity; notoriety; as, the publicness
of a sale.

2. The quality or state of belonging to the community; as, the
publicness of property. Boyle.

PUBLIC SCHOOL
Public school.
 (a) In Great Britain, any of various schools maintained by the
community, wholly or partly under public control, or maintained
largely by endowment and not carried on chiefly for profit; specif.,
and commonly, any of various select and usually expensive endowed
schools which give a liberal modern education or prepare pupils for
the universities. Eton, Harrow, Rugby, and Winchester are of this
class.
 (b) In the United States, a free primary, grammar, or high school
maintained by the local government.

PUBLIC-SERVICE CORPORATION; QUASI-PUBLIC CORPORATION
Public-service corporation or sometimes Quasi-public corporation.

Defn: A corporation, such as a railroad company, lighting company,
water company, etc., organized or chartered to follow a public
calling or to render services more or less essential to the general
public convenience or safety.

PUBLIC-SPIRITED
Pub"lic-spir`it*ed, a.

1. Having, or exercising, a disposition to advance the interest of
the community or public; as, public-spirited men.

2. Dictated by a regard to public good; as, a public-spirited project
or measure. Addison.
 -- Pub"lic-spir`it*ed*ly, adv.
 -- Pub"lic-spir`it*ed*ness, n.

PUBLISH
Pub"lish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Published; p. pr. & vb. n. Publishing.]
Etym: [F. publier, L. publicare, publicatum. See Public, and -ish.]

1. To make public; to make known to mankind, or to people in general;
to divulge, as a private transaction; to promulgate or proclaim, as a
law or an edict.
Published was the bounty of her name. Chaucer.
The unwearied sun, from day to day, Does his Creator's power display,
And publishes to every land The work of an almighty hand. Addison.

2. To make known by posting, or by reading in a church; as, to
publish banns of marriage.

3. To send forth, as a book, newspaper, musical piece, or other
printed work, either for sale or for general distribution; to print,
and issue from the press.

4. To utter, or put into circulation; as, to publish counterfeit
paper. [U.S.] To publish a will (Law), to acknowledge it before the
witnesses as the testator's last will and testament.

Syn.
 -- To announce; proclaim; advertise; declare; promulgate; disclose;
divulge; reveal. See Announce.

PUBLISHABLE
Pub"lish*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being published; suitable for publication.

PUBLISHER
Pub"lish*er, n.

Defn: One who publishes; as, a publisher of a book or magazine.
For love of you, not hate unto my friend, Hath made me publisher of
this pretense. Shak.

PUBLISHMENT
Pub"lish*ment, n.

1. The act or process of making publicly known; publication.

2. A public notice of intended marriage, required by the laws of some
States. [U.S.]

PUCCOON
Puc*coon", n. Etym: [From the American Indian name.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several plants yielding a red pigment which is used
by the North American Indians, as the bloodroot and two species of
Lithospermum (L. hirtum, and L. canescens); also, the pigment itself.

PUCE
Puce, a. Etym: [F., fr. puce a flea, L. pulex, pulicis.]

Defn: Of a dark brown or brownish purple color.

PUCEL
Pu"cel, n.

Defn: See Pucelle. [Obs.]

PUCELAGE
Pu"cel*age (; 48), n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Virginity. [R.]

PUCELLE
Pu*celle", n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. pulicella, fr. L. pullus a young
animal. See Pullet.]

Defn: A maid; a virgin. [Written also pucel.] [Obs.]
Lady or pucelle, that wears mask or fan. B. Jonson.
La Pucelle, the Maid of Orleans, Joan of Arc.

PUCERON
Pu"ce*ron, n. Etym: [F., from puce a flea. See Puce.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any plant louse, or aphis.

PUCHERITE
Pu"cher*ite, n. Etym: [So named from the Pucher Mine, in Saxony.]
(Min.)

Defn: Vanadate of bismuth, occurring in minute reddish brown
crystals.

PUCK
Puck, n. Etym: [OE. pouke; cf. OSw. puke, Icel. puki an evil demon,
W. pwca a hobgoblin. Cf. Poker a bugbear, Pug.]

1. (Mediæval Myth.)

Defn: A celebrated fairy, "the merry wanderer of the night;" --
called also Robin Goodfellow, Friar Rush, Pug, etc. Shak.
He meeteth Puck, whom most men call Hobgoblin, and on him doth fall.
Drayton.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The goatsucker. [Prov. Eng.]

PUCKA
Puck"a, a. [Written also pukka.] [Hind. pakka cooked, ripe, solid.]

Defn: Good of its kind; -- variously used as implying substantial,
real, fixed, sure, etc., and specif., of buildings, made of brick and
mortar. [India]

It's pukka famine, by the looks of it.
Kipling.

PUCKBALL
Puck"ball`, n. Etym: [Puck + ball.]

Defn: A puffball.

PUCKER
Puck"er, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Puckered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Puckering.] Etym: [From Poke a pocket, small bag.]

Defn: To gather into small folds or wrinkles; to contract into ridges
and furrows; to corrugate; -- often with up; as, to pucker up the
mouth. "His skin [was] puckered up in wrinkles." Spectator.

PUCKER
Puck"er, n.

1. A fold; a wrinkle; a collection of folds.

2. A state of perplexity or anxiety; confusion; bother; agitation.
[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]

PUCKERER
Puck"er*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, puckers.

PUCKERY
Puck"er*y, a.

1. Producing, or tending to produce, a pucker; as, a puckery taste.
Lowell.

2. Inclined to become puckered or wrinkled; full of puckers or
wrinkles.

PUCKFIST
Puck"fist`, n.

Defn: A puffball.

PUCKISH
Puck"ish, a. Etym: [From Puck.]

Defn: Resembling Puck; merry; mischievous. "Puckish freaks." J. R.
Green.

PUCRAS
Pu"cras, n. Etym: [From a native name in India.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Koklass.

PUD
Pud, n.

Defn: Same as Pood.

PUD
Pud, n.

Defn: The hand; the first. [Colloq.] Lamb.

PUDDENING
Pud"den*ing, n. Etym: [Probably fr. pudden, for pudding, in allusion
to its softness.] (Naut.)
(a) A quantity of rope-yarn, or the like, placed, as a fender, on the
bow of a boat.
(b) A bunch of soft material to prevent chafing between spars, or the
like.

PUDDER
Pud"der, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puddered; p. pr. & vb. n. Puddering.]
Etym: [Cf. Pother.]

Defn: To make a tumult or bustle; to splash; to make a pother or
fuss; to potter; to meddle.
Puddering in the designs or doings of others. Barrow.
Others pudder into their food with their broad nebs. Holland.

PUDDER
Pud"der, v. t.

Defn: To perplex; to embarrass; to confuse; to bother; as, to pudder
a man. Locke.

PUDDER
Pud"der, n.

Defn: A pother; a tumult; a confused noise; turmoil; bustle. "All in
a pudder." Milton.

PUDDING
Pud"ding, n. Etym: [Cf. F. boudin black pudding, sausage, L. botulus,
botellus, a sausage, G. & Sw. pudding pudding, Dan. podding, pudding,
LG. puddig thick, stumpy, W. poten, potten, also E. pod, pout, v.]

1. A species of food of a soft or moderately hard consistence,
variously made, but often a compound of flour or meal, with milk and
eggs, etc.
And solid pudding against empty praise. Pope.

2. Anything resembling, or of the softness and consistency of,
pudding.

3. An intestine; especially, an intestine stuffed with meat, etc.; a
sausage. Shak.

4. Any food or victuals.
Eat your pudding, slave, and hold your tongue. Prior.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: Same as Puddening. Pudding grass (Bot.), the true pennyroyal
(Mentha Pulegium), formerly used to flavor stuffing for roast meat.
Dr. Prior.
 -- Pudding pie, a pudding with meat baked in it. Taylor (1630).
 -- Pudding pipe (Bot.), the long, cylindrical pod of the leguminous
tree Cassia Fistula. The seeds are separately imbedded in a sweetish
pulp. See Cassia.
 -- Pudding sleeve, a full sleeve like that of the English clerical
gown. Swift.
 -- Pudding stone. (Min.) See Conglomerate, n., 2.
 -- Pudding time. (a) The time of dinner, pudding being formerly the
dish first eaten. [Obs.] Johnson. (b) The nick of time; critical
time. [Obs.]
Mars, that still protects the stout, In pudding time came to his aid.
Hudibras.

PUDDING FISH; PUDDING WIFE
Pud"ding fish, Pudding wife. [Prob. corrupted fr. the Sp. name in
Cuba, pudiano verde.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, handsomely colored, blue and bronze, labroid fish
(Iridio, syn. Platyglossus, radiatus) of Florida, Bermuda, and the
West Indies. Called also pudiano, doncella, and, at Bermuda,
bluefish.

PUDDING-HEADED
Pud"ding-head`ed, a.

Defn: Stupid. [Colloq.]

PUDDLE
Pud"dle, n. Etym: [OE. podel; cf. LG. pudel, Ir. & Gael. plod pool.]

1. A small quantity of dirty standing water; a muddy plash; a small
pool. Spenser.

2. Clay, or a mixture of clay and sand, kneaded or worked, when wet,
to render it impervious to water. Puddle poet, a low or worthless
poet. [R.] Fuller.

PUDDLE
Pud"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Puddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Puddling.]

1. To make foul or muddy; to pollute with dirt; to mix dirt with
(water).
Some unhatched practice . . . Hath puddled his clear spirit. Shak.

2.
(a) To make dense or close, as clay or loam, by working when wet, so
as to render impervious to water.
(b) To make impervious to liquids by means of puddle; to apply puddle
to.

3. To subject to the process of puddling, as iron, so as to convert
it from the condition of cast iron to that of wrought iron. Ure.
Puddled steel, steel made directly from cast iron by a modification
of the puddling process.

PUDDLE
Pud"dle, v. i.

Defn: To make a dirty stir. [Obs.] R. Junius.

PUDDLE-BALL
Pud"dle-ball`, n.

Defn: The lump of pasty wrought iron as taken from the puddling
furnace to be hammered or rolled.

PUDDLE-BAR
Pud"dle-bar", n.

Defn: An iron bar made at a single heat from a puddle-ball hammering
and rolling.

PUDDLER
Pud"dler, n.

Defn: One who converts cast iron into wrought iron by the process of
puddling.

PUDDLING
Pud"dling, n.

1. (Hydraul. Engin.)
(a) The process of working clay, loam, pulverized ore, etc., with
water, to render it compact, or impervious to liquids; also, the
process of rendering anything impervious to liquids by means of
puddled material.
(b) Puddle. See Puddle, n., 2.

2. (Metal.)

Defn: The art or process of converting cast iron into wrought iron or
steel by subjecting it to intense heat and frequent stirring in a
reverberatory furnace in the presence of oxidizing substances, by
which it is freed from a portion of its carbon and other impurities.
Puddling furnace, a reverberatory furnace in which cast iron is
converted into wrought iron or into steel by puddling.

PUDDLY
Pud"dly, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or resembling, puddles; muddy; foul. "Thick
puddly water." Carew.

PUDDOCK
Pud"dock, n. Etym: [For paddock, or parrock, a park.]

Defn: A small inclosure. [Written also purrock.] [Prov. Eng.]

PUDENCY
Pu"den*cy, n. Etym: [L. pudens, p. pr. of pudere to be ashamed.]

Defn: Modesty; shamefacedness. "A pudency so rosy." Shak.

PUDENDA
Pu*den"da, n. pl. Etym: [L., from pudendus that of which one ought to
be ashamed, fr. pudere to be ashamed.] (Anat.)

Defn: The external organs of generation.

PUDENDAL
Pu*den"dal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pudenda, or pudendum.

PUDENDUM
Pu*den"dum, n. Etym: [NL. See Pudenda.] (Anat.)

Defn: The external organs of generation, especially of the female;
the vulva.

PUDGY
Pudg"y, a.

Defn: Short and fat or sturdy; dumpy; podgy; as, a short, pudgy
little man; a pudgy little hand. Thackeray.

PUDIC
Pu"dic, a. Etym: [L.pudicus modest, fr. pudere to be ashamed: cf. F.
pudique.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the external organs of generation.

PUDICAL
Pu"dic*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pudic.

PUDICITY
Pu*dic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pudicité, L. pudicitia.]

Defn: Modesty; chastity. Howell.

PUDU
Pu"du, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very small deer (Pudua humilis), native of the Chilian Andes.
It has simple spikelike antlers, only two or three inches long.

PUE
Pue v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pued; p. pr. & vb. n. Puing.]

Defn: To make a low whistling sound; to chirp, as birds. Halliwell.

PUEBLO
Pueb"lo, n. Etym: [Sp., a village, L. populus people. See People.]

Defn: A communistic building erected by certain Indian tribes of
Arizona and New Mexico. It is often of large size and several stories
high, and is usually built either of stone or adobe. The term is also
applied to any Indian village in the same region. Pueblo Indians
(Ethnol.), any tribe or community of Indians living in pueblos. The
principal Pueblo tribes are the Moqui, the Zuñi, the Keran, and the
Tewan.

PUEFELLOW
Pue"fel`low, n.

Defn: A pewfellow. [Obs.]

PUER
Pu"er, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: The dung of dogs, used as an alkaline steep in tanning.
Simmonds.

PUERCO
Pu*er"co, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A hog. Puerco beds (Geol.), a name given to certain strata
belonging to the earliest Eocene. They are developed in Northwestern
New Mexico, along the Rio Puerco, and are characterized by their
mammalian remains.

PUERILE
Pu"er*ile, a. Etym: [L. puerilis, fr. puer a child, a boy: cf. F.
puéril.]

Defn: Boyish; childish; trifling; silly.
The French have been notorious through generations for their puerile
affectation of Roman forms, models, and historic precedents. De
Quincey.

Syn.
 -- Youthful; boyish; juvenile; childish; trifling; weak. See
Youthful.

PUERILELY
Pu"er*ile*ly, adv.

Defn: In a puerile manner; childishly.

PUERILENESS
Pu"er*ile*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being puerile; puerility.

PUERILITY
Pu`er*il"i*ty, n.; pl. Puerilities. Etym: [L. puerilitas: cf. F.
puérilité.]

1. The quality of being puerile; childishness; puerileness. Sir T.
Browne.

2. That which is puerile or childish; especially, an expression which
is flat, insipid, or silly.

PUERPERAL
Pu*er"per*al, a. Etym: [L. puerpera a lying-in woman; puer child +
parere to bear: cf. F. puerpéral.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to childbirth; as, a puerperal fever.

PUERPEROUS
Pu*er"per*ous, a.

Defn: Bearing children. [R.]

PUET
Pu"et, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pewit.

PUFF
Puff, n. Etym: [Akin to G. & Sw. puff a blow, Dan. puf, D. pof; of
imitative origin. Cf. Buffet.]

1. A sudden and single emission of breath from the mouth; hence, any
sudden or short blast of wind; a slight gust; a whiff. " To every
puff of wind a slave." Flatman.

2. Anything light and filled with air. Specifically: (a) A puffball.
(b) kind of light pastry. (c) A utensil of the toilet for dusting the
skin or hair with powder.

3. An exaggerated or empty expression of praise, especially one in a
public journal. Puff adder. (Zoöl.) (a) Any South African viper
belonging to Clotho and allied genera. They are exceedingly venomous,
and have the power of greatly distending their bodies when irritated.
The common puff adder (Vipera, or Clotho, arietans) is the largest
species, becoming over four feet long. The plumed puff adder (C.
cornuta) has a plumelike appendage over each eye. (b) A North
American harmless snake (Heterodon platyrrhinos) which has the power
of puffing up its body. Called also hog-nose snake, flathead,
spreading adder, and blowing adder. Puff bird (Zoöl.), any bird of
the genus Bucco, or family Bucconidæ. They are small birds, usually
with dull-colored and loose plumage, and have twelve tail feathers.
See Barbet (b).

PUFF
Puff, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Puffing.] Etym:
[Akin to G. puffen to pop, buffet, puff, D. poffen to pop, puffen to
blow, Sw. puffa to push, to cuff, Dan. puffe to pop, thump. See Puff,
n.]

1. To blow in puffs, or with short and sudden whiffs.

2. To blow, as an expression of scorn; -- with at.
It is really to defy Heaven to puff at damnation. South.

3. To breathe quick and hard, or with puffs, as after violent
exertion.
The ass comes back again, puffing and blowing, from the chase. L'
Estrange.

4. To swell with air; to be dilated or inflated. Boyle.

5. To breathe in a swelling, inflated, or pompous manner; hence, to
assume importance.
Then came brave Glory puffing by. Herbert.

PUFF
Puff, v. t.

1. To drive with a puff, or with puffs.
The clearing north will puff the clouds away. Dryden.

2. To repel with words; to blow at contemptuously.
I puff the prostitute away. Dryden.

3. To cause to swell or dilate; to inflate; to ruffle with puffs; --
often with up; as a bladder puffed with air.
The sea puffed up with winds. Shak.

4. To inflate with pride, flattery, self-esteem, or the like; --
often with up.
Puffed up with military success. Jowett (Thucyd. )

5. To praise with exaggeration; to flatter; to call public attention
to by praises; to praise unduly. " Puffed with wonderful skill."
Macaulay.

PUFF
Puff, a.

Defn: Puffed up; vain. [R.] Fanshawe.

PUFFBALL
Puff"ball`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of ball-shaped fungus (Lycoperdon giganteum, and other
species of the same genus) full of dustlike spores when ripe; --
called also bullfist, bullfice, puckfist, puff, and puffin.

PUFFER
Puff"er, n.

1. One who puffs; one who praises with noisy or extravagant
commendation.

2. One who is employed by the owner or seller of goods sold at
suction to bid up the price; a by-bidder. Bouvier.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any plectognath fish which inflates its body, as the species of
Tetrodon and Diodon; -- called also blower, puff-fish, swellfish, and
globefish.
(b) The common, or harbor, porpoise.

4. (Dyeing)

Defn: A kier.

PUFFERY
Puff"er*y, n.

Defn: The act of puffing; bestowment of extravagant commendation.

PUFFIN
Puf"fin, n. Etym: [Akin to puff.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An arctic sea bird Fratercula arctica) allied to the auks, and
having a short, thick, swollen beak, whence the name; -- called also
bottle nose, cockandy, coulterneb, marrot, mormon, pope, and sea
parrot.

Note: The name is also applied to other related species, as the
horned puffin (F. corniculata), the tufted puffin (Lunda cirrhata),
and the razorbill. Manx puffin, the Manx shearwater. See under Manx.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The puffball.

3. A sort of apple. [Obs.] Rider's Dict. (1640).

PUFFINESS
Puff"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being puffy.

PUFFING
Puff"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Puff, v. i. & t. Puffing adder. (Zoöl.) Same as
Puff adder (b), under Puff.
 -- Puffing pig (Zoöl.), the common porpoise.

PUFFINGLY
Puff"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a puffing manner; with vehement breathing or shortness of
breath; with exaggerated praise.

PUFF-LEG
Puff"-leg`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of beautiful humming birds of the
genus Eriocnemis having large tufts of downy feathers on the legs.

PUFF-LEGGED
Puff"-legged`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a conspicuous tuft of feathers on the legs.

PUFFY
Puff"y, a.

1. Swelled with air, or any soft matter; tumid with a soft substance;
bloated; fleshy; as, a puffy tumor. " A very stout, puffy man."
Thackeray.

2. Hence, inflated; bombastic; as, a puffy style.

PUG
Pug, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pugged; p. pr. & vb. n. Pugging.] Etym: [Cf.
G. pucken to thump. beat.]

1. To mix and stir when wet, as clay for bricks, pottery, etc.

2. To fill or stop with clay by tamping; to fill in or spread with
mortar, as a floor or partition, for the purpose of deadening sound.
See Pugging, 2.

PUG
Pug, n.

1. Tempered clay; clay moistened and worked so as to be plastic.

2. A pug mill. Pug mill, a kind of mill for grinding and mixing clay,
either for brickmaking or the fine arts; a clay mill. It consists
essentially of an upright shaft armed with projecting knives, which
is caused to revolve in a hollow cylinder, tub, or vat, in which the
clay is placed.

PUG
Pug, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. puck. See Puck.]

1. An elf, or a hobgoblin; also same as Puck. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. A name for a monkey. [Colloq.] Addison.

3. A name for a fox. [Prov. Eng.] C. Kingsley.

4. An intimate; a crony; a dear one. [Obs.] Lyly.

5. pl.

Defn: Chaff; the refuse of grain. [Obs.] Holland.

6. A prostitute. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

7. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a small breed of pet dogs having a short nose and head;
a pug dog.

8. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any geometrid moth of the genus Eupithecia.

PUG-FACED
Pug"-faced`, a.

Defn: Having a face like a monkey or a pug; monkey-faced.

PUGGAREE
Pug"ga*ree, n.

Defn: Same as Puggry.

PUGGER
Pug"ger, v. t.

Defn: To pucker. [Obs.]

PUGGERED
Pug"gered, a.

Defn: Puckered. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

PUGGING
Pug"ging, n. Etym: [See Pug, v. t.]

1. The act or process of working and tempering clay to make it
plastic and of uniform consistency, as for bricks, for pottery, etc.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Mortar or the like, laid between the joists under the boards of
a floor, or within a partition, to deaden sound; -- in the United
States usually called deafening.

PUGGING
Pug"ging, a.

Defn: Thieving. [Obs.] Shak.

PUGGRY; PUGGREE
Pug"gry, Pug"gree, n. [Written also puggaree, puggeree, etc.] [Hind.
pagrsi turban.]

Defn: A light scarf wound around a hat or helmet to protect the head
from the sun. [India] Yule.

A blue-gray felt hat with a gold puggaree.
Kipling.

PUGH
Pugh, interj.

Defn: Pshaw! pish! -- a word used in contempt or disdain.

PUGIL
Pu"gil, n. Etym: [L. pugillus, pugillum, a handful, akin to pugnus
the fist.]

Defn: As much as is taken up between the thumb and two first fingers.
[Obs.] Bacon.

PUGILISM
Pu"gil*ism, n. Etym: [L. pugil a pugilist, boxer, akin to pugnus the
fist. Cf. Pugnacious, Fist.]

Defn: The practice of boxing, or fighting with the fist.

PUGILIST
Pu"gil*ist, n. Etym: [L. pugil.]

Defn: One who fights with his fists; esp., a professional prize
fighter; a boxer.

PUGILISTIC
Pu`gil*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pugillism.

PUGNACIOUS
Pug*na"cious, a. Etym: [L. pugnax, -acis, fr. pugnare to fight. Cf.
Pugilism, Fist.]

Defn: Disposed to fight; inclined to fighting; quarrelsome; fighting.
--Pug*na"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Pug*na"cious*ness, n.

PUGNACITY
Pug*nac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. pugnacitas: cf. F. pugnacité.]

Defn: Inclination or readiness to fight; quarrelsomeness. " A
national pugnacity of character." Motley.

PUG NOSE
Pug" nose`.

Defn: A short, thick nose; a snubnose.
 -- Pug"-nosed`, a. Pug-nose eel (Zoöl.), a deep-water marine eel
(Simenchelys parasiticus) which sometimes burrows into the flesh of
the halibut.

PUH
Puh, interj.

Defn: The same as Pugh.

PUISNE
Puis"ne (pu"ny), a. Etym: [See Puny.]

1. Later in age, time, etc.; subsequent. [Obs.] " A puisne date to
eternity." Sir M. Hale.

2. Puny; petty; unskilled. [Obs.]

3. (Law)

Defn: Younger or inferior in rank; junior; associate; as, a chief
justice and three puisne justices of the Court of Common Pleas; the
puisne barons of the Court of Exchequer. Blackstone.

PUISNE
Puis"ne, n.

Defn: One who is younger, or of inferior rank; a junior; esp., a
judge of inferior rank.
It were not a work for puisnes and novices. Bp. Hall.

PUISNY
Puis"ny, a.

Defn: Puisne; younger; inferior; petty; unskilled. [R.]
A puisny tilter, that spurs his horse but on one side. Shak.

PUISSANCE
Pu"is*sance, n. Etym: [F., fr.puissant. See Puissant, and cf.
Potency, Potance, Potence.]

Defn: Power; strength; might; force; potency. " Youths of puissance."
Tennyson.
The power and puissance of the king. Shak.

Note: In Spenser, Shakespeare, and Milton, puissance and puissant are
usually dissyllables.

PUISSANT
Pu"is*sant, a. Etym: [F., originally, a p. pr. formed fr. L. posse to
be able: cf. L. potens powerful. See Potent.]

Defn: Powerful; strong; mighty; forcible; as, a puissant prince or
empire. " Puissant deeds." Milton.
Of puissant nations which the world possessed. Spenser.
And worldlings in it are less merciful, And more puissant. Mrs.
Browning.

PUISSANTLY
Pu"is*sant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a puissant manner; powerfully; with great strength.

PUISSANTNESS
Pu"is*sant*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being puissant; puissance; power.

PUIT
Puit, n. Etym: [F. puits, from L. puteus well.]

Defn: A well; a small stream; a fountain; a spring. [Obs.]
The puits flowing from the fountain of life. Jer. Taylor.

PUKE
Puke, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puked; p. pr. & vb. n. Puking.] Etym: [Cf.
G. spucken to spit, and E. spew.]

Defn: To eject the contests of the stomach; to vomit; to spew.
The infant Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms. Shak.

PUKE
Puke, v. t.

Defn: To eject from the stomach; to vomit up.

PUKE
Puke, n.

Defn: A medicine that causes vomiting; an emetic; a vomit.

PUKE
Puke, a. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Of a color supposed to be between black and russet. Shak.

Note: This color has by some been regarded as the same with puce; but
Nares questions the identity.

PUKER
Puk"er, n.

1. One who pukes, vomits.

2. That which causes vomiting. Garth .

PUKKA
Puk"ka, a.

Defn: Same as Pucka. [India]

PULAS
Pu"las, n. Etym: [Skr. palaça.] (Bot.)

Defn: The East Indian leguminous tree Butea frondosa. See Gum Butea,
under Gum. [Written also pales and palasa.]

PULCHRITUDE
Pul"chri*tude, n. Etym: [L. pulchritudo, fr. pulcher beautiful.]

1. That quality of appearance which pleases the eye; beauty;
comeliness; grace; loveliness.
Piercing our heartes with thy pulchritude. Court of Love.

2. Attractive moral excellence; moral beauty.
By the pulchritude of their souls make up what is wanting in the
beauty of their bodies. Ray.

PULE
Pule, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puled; p. pr. & vb. n. Puling.] Etym: [F.
piauler; cf. L. pipilare, pipire, to peep, pip, chirp, and E. peep to
chirp.]

1. To cry like a chicken. Bacon.

2. To whimper; to whine, as a complaining child.
It becometh not such a gallant to whine and pule. Barrow.

PULER
Pul"er, n.

Defn: One who pules; one who whines or complains; a weak person.

PULEX
Pu"lex, n. Etym: [L., a flea.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of parasitic insects including the fleas. See Flea.

PULICENE
Pu"li*cene, a. Etym: [From L. pulex, pulicis, a flea.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or abounding in, fleas; pulicose.

PULICOSE; PULICOUS
Pu"li*cose`, Pu"li*cous, a. Etym: [L. pulicosus, from pulex, a flea.]

Defn: Abounding with fleas.

PULING
Pul"ing, n.

Defn: A cry, as of a chicken,; a whining or whimpering.
Leave this faint puling and lament as I do. Shak.

PULING
Pul"ing, a.

Defn: Whimpering; whining; childish.

PULINGLY
Pul"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With whining or complaint.

PULKHA
Pulk"ha, n.

Defn: A Laplander's traveling sledge. See Sledge.

PULL
Pull, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pulled; p. pr. & vb. n. Pulling.] Etym:
[AS. pullian; cf. LG. pulen, and Gael. peall, piol, spiol.]

1. To draw, or attempt to draw, toward one; to draw forcibly.
Ne'er pull your hat upon your brows. Shak.
He put forth his hand . . . and pulled her in. Gen. viii. 9.

2. To draw apart; to tear; to rend.
He hath turned aside my ways, and pulled me in pieces; he hath made
me desolate. Lam. iii. 11.

3. To gather with the hand, or by drawing toward one; to pluck; as,
to pull fruit; to pull flax; to pull a finch.

4. To move or operate by the motion of drawing towards one; as, to
pull a bell; to pull an oar.

5. (Horse Racing)

Defn: To hold back, and so prevent from winning; as, the favorite was
pulled.

6. (Print.)

Defn: To take or make, as a proof or impression; -- hand presses
being worked by pulling a lever.

7. (Cricket)

Defn: To strike the ball in a particular manner. See Pull, n., 8.
Never pull a straight fast ball to leg. R. H. Lyttelton.
To pull and haul, to draw hither and thither. " Both are equally
pulled and hauled to do that which they are unable to do. " South.
 -- To pull down, to demolish; to destroy; to degrade; as, to pull
down a house. " In political affairs, as well as mechanical, it is
easier to pull down than build up." Howell. " To raise the wretched,
and pull down the proud." Roscommon. To pull a finch. See under
Finch. To pull off, take or draw off.

PULL
Pull, v. i.

Defn: To exert one's self in an act or motion of drawing or hauling;
to tug; as, to pull at a rope. To pull apart, to become separated by
pulling; as, a rope will pull apart.
 -- To pull up, to draw the reins; to stop; to halt. To pull through,
to come successfully to the end of a difficult undertaking, a
dangerous sickness, or the like.

PULL
Pull, n.

1. The act of pulling or drawing with force; an effort to move
something by drawing toward one.
I awakened with a violent pull upon the ring which was fastened at
the top of my box. Swift.

2. A contest; a struggle; as, a wrestling pull. Carew.

3. A pluck; loss or violence suffered. [Poetic]
Two pulls at once; His lady banished, and a limb lopped off. Shak.

4. A knob, handle, or lever, etc., by which anything is pulled; as, a
drawer pull; a bell pull.

5. The act of rowing; as, a pull on the river. [Colloq.]

6. The act of drinking; as, to take a pull at the beer, or the mug.
[Slang] Dickens.

7. Something in one's favor in a comparison or a contest; an
advantage; means of influencing; as, in weights the favorite had the
pull. [Slang]

8. (Cricket)

Defn: A kind of stroke by which a leg ball is sent to the off side,
or an off ball to the side.
The pull is not a legitimate stroke, but bad cricket. R. A. Proctor.

PULLAIL
Pul"lail, n. Etym: [F. poulaille.]

Defn: Poultry. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

PULLBACK
Pull"back`, n.

1. That which holds back, or causes to recede; a drawback; a
hindrance.

2. (Arch)

Defn: The iron hook fixed to a casement to pull it shut, or to hold
it party open at a fixed point.

PULLDEVIL
Pull"dev`il, n.

Defn: A number of fishhooks rigidly fastened back to be pulled
through the water to catch fish.

PULLED
Pulled a.

Defn: Plucked; pilled; moulting. " A pulled hen." Chaucer.

PULLEN
Pul"len, n. Etym: [Cf. L. pullinus belonging to young animals. See
Pullet.]

Defn: Poultry. [Obs.]

PULLER
Pull"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, pulls.
Proud setter up and puller down of kings. Shak.

PULLET
Pul"let, n. Etym: [OE. polete, OF. polete, F. poulette, dim. of poule
a hen, fr. L. pullus a young animal, a young fowl. See Foal, and cf.
Poult, Poultry, Pool stake.]

Defn: A young hen, or female of the domestic fowl. Pullet sperm, the
treadle of an egg. [Obs.] Shak.

PULLEY
Pul"ley, n.; pl. Pulleys. Etym: [F. poulie, perhaps of Teutonic
origin (cf. Poll, b. t.); but cf. OE. poleine, polive, pulley, LL.
polanus, and F. poulain, properly, a colt, fr. L. pullus young
animal, foal (cf. Pullet, Foal). For the change of sense, cf. F.
poutre beam, originally, a filly, and E. easel.] (Mach.)

Defn: A wheel with a broad rim, or grooved rim, for transmitting
power from, or imparting power to, the different parts of machinery,
or for changing the direction of motion, by means of a belt, cord,
rope, or chain.

Note: The pulley, as one of the mechanical powers, consists, in its
simplest form, of a grooved wheel, called a sheave, turning within a
movable frame or block, by means of a cord or rope attached at one
end to a fixed point. The force, acting on the free end of the rope,
is thus doubled, but can move the load through only half the space
traversed by itself. The rope may also pass over a sheave in another
block that is fixed. The end of the rope may be fastened to the
movable block, instead of a fixed point, with an additional gain of
power, and using either one or two sheaves in the fixed block. Other
sheaves may be added, and the power multiplied accordingly. Such an
apparatus is called by workmen a block and tackle, or a fall and
tackle. See Block. A single fixed pulley gives no increase of power,
but serves simply for changing the direction of motion. Band pulley,
or Belt pulley, a pulley with a broad face for transmitting power
between revolving shafts by means of a belt, or for guiding a belt.
 -- Cone pulley. See Cone pulley.
 -- Conical pulley, one of a pair of belt pulleys, each in the shape
of a truncated cone, for varying velocities.
 -- Fast pulley, a pulley firmly attached upon a shaft.
 -- Loose pulley, a pulley loose on a shaft, to interrupt the
transmission of motion in machinery. See Fast and loose pulleys,
under Fast. Parting pulley, a belt pulley made in semicircular
halves, which can be bolted together, to facilitate application to,
or removal from, a shaft.
 -- Pulley block. Same as Block, n. 6.
 -- Pulley stile (Arch.), the upright of the window frame into which
a pulley is fixed and along which the sash slides. Split pulley, a
parting pulley.

PULLEY
Pul"ley, b. t.

Defn: To raise or lift by means of a pulley. [R.] Howell.

PULLICATE
Pul"li*cate, n.

Defn: A kind of checked cotton or silk handkerchief.

PULLMAN CAR
Pull"man car`. Etym: [Named after Mr. Pullman, who introduced them.]

Defn: A kind of sleeping car; also, a palace car; -- often shortened
to Pullman.

PULLULATE
Pul"lu*late v. i. Etym: [L. pullulatus, p. p. of pullulare to sprout,
from pullulus a young animal, a sprout, dim. of pullus. See pullet.]

Defn: To germinate; to bud; to multiply abundantly. Warburton.

PULLULATION
Pul`lu*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pullulation.]

Defn: A germinating, or budding. Dr. H. More.

PULLUS
Pul"lus, n.; pl. Pulli. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A chick; a young bird in the downy stage.

PULMOBRANCHIATA; PULMOBRANCHIATE
Pul`mo*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.], Pul`mo*bran"chi*ate. (, a.
& n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pulmonibranchiata, -ate.

PULMOCUTANEOUS
Pul`mo*cu*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. pulmo a lung + E. cutaneous.]
(Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lungs and the akin; as, the
pulmocutaneous arteries of the frog.

PULMOGASTEROPODA
Pul`mo*gas`te*rop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. & E. Gasteropoda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pulmonata.

PULMOGRADE
Pul"mo*grade, a. Etym: [L. pulmo a lung + gradi to walk.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Swimming by the expansion and contraction, or lunglike
movement, of the body, or of the disk, as do the medusæ.

PULMOMETER
Pul*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. pulmo a lung + -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A spirometer.

PULMOMETRY
Pul*mom"e*try, n. [L. pulmo a lung + -metry.]

Defn: The determination of the capacity of the lungs.

PULMONARIAN
Pul"mo*na"ri*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any arachnid that breathes by lunglike organs, as the spiders
and scorpions. Also used adjectively.

PULMONARY
Pul"mo*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. pulmonarius, from pulmo, -onis, a lung; of
uncertain origin, perh. named from its lightness, and akin to E.
float: cf. F. pulmonaire. Cf. Pneumonia.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lungs; affecting the lungs; pulmonic.
Pulmonary artery. See the Note under Artery.

PULMONARY
Pul"mo*na*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pulmonaire. See Pulmonary, a. ] (Bot.)

Defn: Lungwort. Ainsworth.

PULMONATA
Pul`mo*na"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. pulmo, -onis, a lung.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division, or sub-class, of hermaphrodite
gastropods, in which the mantle cavity is modified into an air-
breathing organ, as in Helix, or land snails, Limax, or garden slugs,
and many pond snails, as Limnæa and Planorbis.

PULMONATE
Pul"mo*nate, a. (Zoöl.)
(a) Having breathing organs that act as lungs.
(b) Pertaining to the Pulmonata.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Pulmonata.

PULMONATED
Pul"mo*na`ted, a.

Defn: same as Pulmonate (a).

PULMONIBRANCHIATA
Pul`mo*ni*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. pulmo, -onis, a
lung + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pulmonata.

PULMONIBRANCHIATE
Pul`mo*ni*bran"chi*ate, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pulmonate.

PULMONIC
Pul*mon"ic, a. Etym: [L. pulmo, -onis, a lung: cf. F. pulmonique.]

Defn: Relating to, or affecting the lungs; pulmonary.
 -- n.

Defn: A pulmonic medicine.

PULMONIFERA
Pul`mo*nif"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pulmoniferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pulmonata.

PULMONIFEROUS
Pul`mo*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. pulmo, -onis, a lung + -ferous.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Having lungs; pulmonate.

PULMOTOR
Pul"mo`tor, n. [L. pulmo lung + E. motor.]

Defn: An apparatus for producing artificial respiration by pumping
oxygen or air or a mixture of the two into and out of the lungs, as
of a person who has been asphyxiated by drowning, breathing poisonous
gases, or the like, or of one who has been stunned by an electrical
shock.

PULP
Pulp, n. Etym: [L. pulpa flesh, pith, pulp of fruit: cf. F. pulpe.]

Defn: A moist, slightly cohering mass, consisting of soft,
undissolved animal or vegetable matter. Specifically:
(a) (Anat.) A tissue or part resembling pulp; especially, the soft,
highly vascular and sensitive tissue which fills the central cavity,
called the pulp cavity, of teeth.
(b) (Bot.) The soft, succulent part of fruit; as, the pulp of a
grape.
(c) The exterior part of a coffee berry. B. Edwards.
(d) The material of which paper is made when ground up and suspended
in water.

PULP
Pulp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pulped; p. pr. & vb. n. Pulping.]

1. To reduce to pulp.

2. To deprive of the pulp, or integument.
The other mode is to pulp the coffee immediately as it comes from the
tree. By a simple machine a man will pulp a bushel in a minute. B.
Edwards.

PULPATOON
Pul`pa*toon", n. Etym: [F. poulpeton, poupeton, a sort of ragout.]

Defn: A kind of delicate confectionery or cake, perhaps made from the
pulp of fruit. [Obs.] Nares.

PULPINESS
Pulp"i*ness, n.

Defn: the quality or state of being pulpy.

PULPIT
Pul"pit, n. Etym: [L. pulpitum: cf. OF. pulpite, F. pulpitre.]

1. An elevated place, or inclosed stage, in a church, in which the
clergyman stands while preaching.
I stand like a clerk in my pulpit. Chaucer.

2. The whole body of the clergy; preachers as a class; also,
preaching.
I say the pulpit (in the sober use Of its legitimate, peculiar
powers) Must stand acknowledged, while the world shall stand, The
most important and effectual guard, Support, and ornament of virtue's
cause. Cowper.

3. A desk, or platform, for an orator or public speaker.

PULPIT
Pul"pit, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pulpit, or preaching; as, a pulpit
orator; pulpit eloquence.

PULPITED
Pul"pit*ed, a.

Defn: Placed in a pulpit. [R.]
Sit . . . at the feet of a pulpited divine. Milton.

PULPITEER
Pul*pit*eer", n.

Defn: One who speaks in a pulpit; a preacher; -- so called in
contempt. Howell.
We never can think it sinful that Burns should have been humorous on
such a pulpiteer. Prof. Wilson.

PULPITER
Pul"pit*er, n.

Defn: A preacher. [Obs.]

PULPITICAL
Pul*pit"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pulpit; suited to the pulpit. [R.] --
Pul*pit"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.] Chesterfield.

PULPITISH
Pul"pit*ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pulpit; like preaching. Chalmers.

PULPITRY
Pul"pit*ry, n.

Defn: The teaching of the pulpit; preaching. [R. & Obs.] " Mere
pulpitry." Milton.

PULPOUS
Pulp"ous, a. Etym: [L. pulposus: cf. F. pulpeux. See Pulp.]

Defn: Containing pulp; pulpy. " Pulpous fruit." J. Philips.
 -- Pulp"ous*ness, n.

PULPY
Pulp"y, n.

Defn: Like pulp; consisting of pulp; soft; fleshy; succulent; as, the
pulpy covering of a nut; the pulpy substance of a peach or a cherry.

PULQUE
Pul"que, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: An intoxicating Mexican drink. See Agave.

PULSATE
Pul"sate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pulsated; p. pr. & vb. n. Pulsating.]
Etym: [L. pulsatus, p. p. of pulsare to beat, strike, v. intens. fr.
pellere to beat, strike, drive. See Pulse a beating, and cf. Pulse,
v.]

Defn: To throb, as a pulse; to beat, as the heart.
The heart of a viper or frog will continue to pulsate long after it
is taken from the body. E. Darwin.

PULSATILE
Pul"sa*tile, a. Etym: [Cf. It. pulsatile, Sp. pulsatil.]

1. Capable of being struck or beaten; played by beating or by
percussion; as, a tambourine is a pulsatile musical instrument.

2. Pulsating; throbbing, as a tumor.

PULSATILLA
Pul`sa*til"la, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of ranunculaceous herbs including the pasque flower.
This genus is now merged in Anemone. Some species, as Anemone
Pulsatilla, Anemone pratensis, and Anemone patens, are used
medicinally.

PULSATION
Pul*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. pulsatio a beating or striking: cf. F.
pulsation.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: A beating or throbbing, especially of the heart or of an
artery, or in an inflamed part; a beat of the pulse.

2. A single beat or throb of a series.

3. A stroke or impulse by which some medium is affected, as in the
propagation of sounds.

4. (Law)

Defn: Any touching of another's body willfully or in anger. This
constitutes battery.
By the Cornelian law, pulsation as well as verberation is prohibited.
Blackstone.

PULSATIVE
Pul"sa*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pulsatif.]

Defn: Beating; throbbing.

PULSATOR
Pul*sa"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. A beater; a striker.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: That which beats or throbs in working.

PULSATORY
Pul"sa*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pulsatoire.]

Defn: Capable of pulsating; throbbing. Sir H. Wotton. .

PULSE
Pulse, n. Etym: [OE. puls, L. puls, pultis, a thick pap or pottage
made of meal, pulse, etc. See Poultice, and cf. Pousse.]

Defn: Leguminous plants, or their seeds, as beans, pease, etc.
If all the world Should, in a pet of temperance, feed on pulse.
Milton.

PULSE
Pulse, n. Etym: [OE. pous, OF. pous, F. pouls, fr. L. pulsus (sc.
venarum), the beating of the pulse, the pulse, from pellere, pulsum,
to beat, strike; cf. Gr. Appeal, Compel, Impel, Push.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: The beating or throbbing of the heart or blood vessels,
especially of the arteries.

Note: In an artery the pulse is due to the expansion and contraction
of the elastic walls of the artery by the action of the heart upon
the column of blood in the arterial system. On the commencement of
the diastole of the ventricle, the semilunar valves are closed, and
the aorta recoils by its elasticity so as to force part of its
contents into the vessels farther onwards. These, in turn, as they
already contain a certain quantity of blood, expand, recover by an
elastic recoil, and transmit the movement with diminished intensity.
Thus a series of movements, gradually diminishing in intensity, pass
along the arterial system (see the Note under Heart). For the sake of
convenience, the radial artery at the wrist is generally chosen to
detect the precise character of the pulse. The pulse rate varies with
age, position, sex, stature, physical and psychical influences, etc.

2. Any measured or regular beat; any short, quick motion, regularly
repeated, as of a medium in the transmission of light, sound, etc.;
oscillation; vibration; pulsation; impulse; beat; movement.
The measured pulse of racing oars. Tennyson.
When the ear receives any simple sound, it is struck by a single
pulse of the air, which makes the eardrum and the other membranous
parts vibrate according to the nature and species of the stroke.
Burke.
Pulse glass, an instrument consisting to a glass tube with terminal
bulbs, and containing ether or alcohol, which the heat of the hand
causes to boil; -- so called from the pulsating motion of the liquid
when thus warmed. Pulse wave (Physiol.), the wave of increased
pressure started by the ventricular systole, radiating from the
semilunar valves over the arterial system, and gradually disappearing
in the smaller branches.
the pulse wave travels over the arterial system at the rate of about
29.5 feet in a second. H. N. Martin.
-- To feel one's pulse. (a) To ascertain, by the sense of feeling,
the condition of the arterial pulse. (b) Hence, to sound one's
opinion; to try to discover one's mind.

PULSE
Pulse, v. i.

Defn: To beat, as the arteries; to move in pulses or beats; to
pulsate; to throb. Ray.

PULSE
Pulse, v. t. Etym: [See Pulsate, Pulse a beating.]

Defn: To drive by a pulsation; to cause to pulsate. [R.]

PULSELESS
Pulse"less, a.

Defn: Having no pulsation; lifeless.

PULSELESSNESS
Pulse"less*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being pulseless.

PULSIFIC
Pul*sif"ic, a. Etym: [Pulse + L. facere to make.]

Defn: Exciting the pulse; causing pulsation.

PULSIMETER
Pul*sim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Pulse + -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A sphygmograph.

PULSION
Pul"sion, n. Etym: [L. pulsio, fr. pellere, pulsum, to drive: cf. F.
pulsion.]

Defn: The act of driving forward; propulsion; -- opposed to Ant:
suction or Ant: traction. [R.]

PULSIVE
Pul"sive, a.

Defn: Tending to compel; compulsory. [R.] "The pulsive strain of
conscience." Marston.

PULSOMETER
Pul*som"e*ter, n. Etym: [Pulse + -meter.]

1. A device, with valves, for raising water by steam, partly by
atmospheric pressure, and partly by the direct action of the steam on
the water, without the intervention of a piston; -- also called
vacuum pump.

2. A pulsimeter.

PULT
Pult, v. t.

Defn: To put. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

PULTACEOUS
Pul*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pultacé. See 1st Pulse.]

Defn: Macerated; softened; nearly fluid.

PULTESSE; PULTISE
Pul"tesse, Pul"tise, n.

Defn: Poultry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PULU
Pu"lu, n.

Defn: A vegetable substance consisting of soft, elastic, yellowish
brown chaff, gathered in the Hawaiian Islands from the young fronds
of free ferns of the genus Cibotium, chiefly C. Menziesii; -- used
for stuffing mattresses, cushions, etc., and as an absorbent.

PULVERABLE
Pul"ver*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being reduced to fine powder. Boyle.

PULVERACEOUS
Pul`ver*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a finely powdered surface; pulverulent.

PULVERATE
Pul"ver*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. pulveratus, p. p. of pulverare to
pulverize. See Pulverize.]

Defn: To beat or reduce to powder or dust; to pulverize. [R.]

PULVERINE
Pul"ver*ine, n. Etym: [L. pulvis, pulveris, dust, powder; cf. F.
pulvérin.]

Defn: Ashes of barilla. Ure.

PULVERIZABLE
Pul"ver*i`za*ble, a.

Defn: Admitting of being pulverized; pulverable. Barton.

PULVERIZATION
Pul`ver*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pulvérisation.]

Defn: The action of reducing to dust or powder.

PULVERIZE
Pul"ver*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pulverized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pulverizing.] Etym: [F. pulvériser, L. pulverizare, fr. pulvis dust,
powder. See Powder.]

Defn: To reduce of fine powder or dust, as by beating, grinding, or
the like; as, friable substances may be pulverized by grinding or
beating, but to pulverize malleable bodies other methods must be
pursued.

PULVERIZE
Pul"ver*ize, v. i.

Defn: To become reduced to powder; to fall to dust; as, the stone
pulverizes easily.

PULVERIZER
Pul"ver*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, pulverizes.

PULVEROUS
Pul"ver*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. L. pulvereus, from pulvis, pulveris, dust,
powder.]

Defn: Consisting of dust or powder; like powder.

PULVERULENCE
Pul*ver"u*lence, n.

Defn: The state of being pulverulent; abundance of dust or powder;
dustiness.

PULVERULENT
Pul*ver"u*lent, a. Etym: [L. pulverulentus, fr. pulvis, pulveris,
dust, powder: cf. F. pulvérulent.]

Defn: Consisting of, or reducible to, fine powder; covered with dust
or powder; powdery; dusty.

PULVIL
Pul"vil, n. Etym: [It. polviglio, fr. L. pulvis, pulveris, dust,
powder: cf. Sp. polvillo.]

Defn: A sweet-scented powder; pulvillio. [Written also pulville.]
[Obs.] Gay.

PULVIL
Pul"vil, v. t.

Defn: To apply pulvil to. [Obs.] Congreve.

PULVILLIO; PULVILLO
Pul*vil"li*o, Pul*vil"lo, n. Etym: [See Pulvil.]

Defn: A kind of perfume in the form of a powder, formerly much used,
-- often in little bags.
Smells of incense, ambergris, and pulvillios. Addison.

PULVILLUS
Pul*vil"lus, n.; pl. Pulvilli. Etym: [L., a little cushion.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the minute cushions on the feet of certain insects.

PULVINAR
Pul*vi"nar, n. Etym: [L., a cushion.] (Anat.)

Defn: A prominence on the posterior part of the thalamus of the human
brain.

PULVINATE; PULVINATED
Pul"vi*nate, Pul"vi*na`ted, a. Etym: [L. pulvinatus, fr. pulvinus a
cushion, an elevation.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: Curved convexly or swelled; as, a pulvinated frieze. Brande &
C.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the form of a cushion.

PULVINIC
Pul*vin"ic, a. Etym: [From Vulpinic, by transposition of the
letters.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the
decomposition of vulpinic acid, as a white crystalline substance.

PULVINULUS
Pul*vin"u*lus, n.; pl. Pulvinuli. Etym: [L., a little mound.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pulvillus.

PUMA
Pu"ma, n. Etym: [Peruv. puma.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large American carnivore (Felis concolor), found from Canada
to Patagonia, especially among the mountains. Its color is tawny, or
brownish yellow, without spots or stripes. Called also catamount,
cougar, American lion, mountain lion, and panther or painter.

PUME
Pume, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stint.

PUMICATE
Pu"mi*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pumicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pumicating.] Etym: [L. pumicatus, p. p. of pumicare to pumicate, fr.
pumex. See Pumice.]

Defn: To make smooth with pumice. [R.]

PUMICE
Pum"ice, n. Etym: [L. pumex, pumicis, prob. akin to spuma foam: cf.
AS. pumic-stan. Cf. Pounce a powder, Spume.] (Min.)

Defn: A very light porous volcanic scoria, usually of a gray color,
the pores of which are capillary and parallel, giving it a fibrous
structure. It is supposed to be produced by the disengagement of
watery vapor without liquid or plastic lava. It is much used, esp. in
the form of powder, for smoothing and polishing. Called also pumice
stone.

PUMICED
Pum"iced, a. (Far.)

Defn: Affected with a kind of chronic laminitis in which there is a
growth of soft spongy horn between the coffin bone and the hoof wall.
The disease is called pumiced foot, or pumice foot.

PUMICEOUS
Pu*mi`ceous, a. Etym: [L. pumiceus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to pumice; resembling pumice.

PUMICE STONE
Pum"ice stone`.

Defn: Same as Pumice.

PUMICIFORM
Pu*mic"i*form, a. Etym: [Pumice + -form.]

Defn: Resembling, or having the structure of, pumice.

PUMMACE
Pum"mace, n.

Defn: Same as Pomace.

PUMMEL
Pum"mel, n. & v. t.

Defn: Same as Pommel.

PUMP
Pump (pûmp), n. Etym: [Probably so called as being worn for pomp or
ornament. See Pomp.]

Defn: A low shoe with a thin sole. Swift.

PUMP
Pump, n. Etym: [Akin to D. pomp, G. pumpe, F. pompe; of unknown
origin.]

Defn: An hydraulic machine, variously constructed, for raising or
transferring fluids, consisting essentially of a moving piece or
piston working in a hollow cylinder or other cavity, with valves
properly placed for admitting or retaining the fluid as it is drawn
or driven through them by the action of the piston.

Note: for various kinds of pumps, see Air pump, Chain pump, and Force
pump; also, under Lifting, Plunger, Rotary, etc. Circulating pump
(Steam Engine), a pump for driving the condensing water through the
casing, or tubes, of a surface condenser.
 -- Pump brake. See Pump handle, below.
 -- Pump dale. See Dale.
 -- Pump gear, the apparatus belonging to a pump. Totten.
 -- Pump handle, the lever, worked by hand, by which motion is given
to the bucket of a pump.
 -- Pump hood, a semicylindrical appendage covering the upper wheel
of a chain pump.
 -- Pump rod, the rod to which the bucket of a pump is fastened, and
which is attached to the brake or handle; the piston rod.
 -- Pump room, a place or room at a mineral spring where the waters
are drawn and drunk. [Eng.] -- Pump spear. Same as Pump rod, above.
 -- Pump stock, the stationary part, body, or barrel of a pump.
 -- Pump well. (Naut.) See Well.

PUMP
Pump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pumped (pûmt; 215); p. pr. & vb. n.
pumping.]

1. To raise with a pump, as water or other liquid.

2. To draw water, or the like, from; to from water by means of a
pump; as, they pumped the well dry; to pump a ship.

3. Figuratively, to draw out or obtain, as secrets or money, by
persistent questioning or plying; to question or ply persistently in
order to elicit something, as information, money, etc.
But pump not me for politics. Otway.

PUMP
Pump, v. i.

Defn: To work, or raise water, a pump.

PUMPAGE
Pump"age, n.

Defn: That which is raised by pumps, or the work done by pumps.
The pumpage last year amounted to . . . gallons. Sci. Amer.

PUMPER
Pump"er, n.

Defn: One who pumps; the instrument or machine used in pumping.
Boyle.

PUMPERNICKEL
Pump"er*nick`el, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: A sort of bread, made of unbolted rye, which forms the chief
food of the Westphalian peasants. It is acid but nourishing.

PUMPET
Pum"pet, n.

Defn: A pompet. Pumpet ball (Print.), a ball for inking types; a
pompet.

PUMPING
Pump"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from pump. Pumping engine, a steam engine and pump
combined for raising water. See Steam engine.

PUMPION
Pump"ion, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Pumpkin.

PUMPKIN
Pump"kin, n. Etym: [For older pompion, pompon, OF. pompon, L. pepo,
peponis, Gr. Cook, n.] (Bot.)

Defn: A well-known trailing plant (Cucurbita pepo) and its fruit, --
used for cooking and for feeding stock; a pompion. Pumpkin seed. (a)
The flattish oval seed of the pumpkin. (b) (Zoöl.) The common
pondfish.

PUMY
Pu"my, a. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. pummer big, large, and E. pomey
pommel.]

Defn: Large and rounded. [Obs.]
A gentle stream, whose murmuring wave did play Amongst the pumy
stones. Spenser.

PUN
Pun, v. t. Etym: [See Pound to beat.]

Defn: To pound. [Obs.]
He would pun thee into shivers with his fist. Shak.

PUN
Pun, n. Etym: [Cf. Pun to pound, Pound to beat.]

Defn: A play on words which have the same sound but different
meanings; an expression in which two different applications of a word
present an odd or ludicrous idea; a kind of quibble or equivocation.
Addison.
A better put on this word was made on the Beggar's Opera, which, it
was said, made Gay rich, and Rich gay. Walpole.

PUN
Pun, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Punned; p. pr. & vb. n. Punning.]

Defn: To make puns, or a pun; to use a word in a double sense,
especially when the contrast of ideas is ludicrous; to play upon
words; to quibble. Dryden.

PUN
Pun, v. t.

Defn: To persuade or affect by a pun. Addison.

PUNA
Pu"na, n. [Sp., of Peruv. origin.]

Defn: A cold arid table-land, as in the Andes of Peru.

PUNCH
Punch, n. Etym: [Hind. panch five, Skr. pacan. So called because
composed of five ingredients, viz., sugar, arrack, spice, water, and
lemon juice. See Five.]

Defn: A beverage composed of wine or distilled liquor, water (or
milk), sugar, and the juice of lemon, with spice or mint; --
specifically named from the kind of spirit used; as rum punch, claret
punch, champagne punch, etc. Milk punch, a sort of punch made with
spirit, milk, sugar, spice, etc.
 -- Punch bowl, a large bowl in which punch is made, or from which it
is served.
 -- Roman punch, a punch frozen and served as an ice.

PUNCH
Punch, n. Etym: [Abbrev, fr. punchinello.]

Defn: The buffoon or harlequin of a puppet show. Punch and Judy, a
puppet show in which a comical little hunchbacked Punch, with a large
nose, engages in altercation with his wife Judy.

PUNCH
Punch, n. Etym: [Prov. E. Cf. Punchy.]

1. A short, fat fellow; anything short and thick.
I . . . did hear them call their fat child punch, which pleased me
mightily, that word being become a word of common use for all that is
thick and short. Pepys.

2. One of a breed of large, heavy draught horses; as, the Suffolk
punch.

PUNCH
Punch, v. t. Etym: [OE. punchen, perhaps the same word as E. punish:
or cf. E. bunch.]

Defn: To thrust against; to poke; as, to punch one with the end of a
stick or the elbow.

PUNCH
Punch, n.

Defn: A thrust or blow. [Colloq.]

PUNCH
Punch, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. puncheon.]

1. A tool, usually of steel, variously shaped at one end for
different uses, and either solid, for stamping or for perforating
holes in metallic plates and other substances, or hollow and
sharpedged, for cutting out blanks, as for buttons, steel pens,
jewelry, and the like; a die.

2. (Pile Driving)

Defn: An extension piece applied to the top of a pile; a dolly.

3. A prop, as for the roof of a mine. Bell punch. See under Bell.
 -- Belt punch (Mach.), a punch, or punch pliers, for making holes
for lacings in the ends of driving belts.
 -- Punch press. See Punching machine, under Punch, v. i.
 -- Punch pliers, pliers having a tubular, sharp-edged steel punch
attached to one of the jaws, for perforating leather, paper, and the
like.

PUNCH
Punch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punched; p. pr. & vb. n. Punching.] Etym:
[From Punch, n., a tool; cf. F. poinçonner.]

Defn: To perforate or stamp with an instrument by pressure, or a
blow; as, to punch a hole; to punch ticket. Punching machine, or
Punching press, a machine tool for punching holes in metal or other
material; -- called also punch press.

PUNCHEON
Punch"eon, n. Etym: [F. poinçon awl, bodkin, crown, king-post, fr. L.
punctio a pricking, fr. pungere to prick. See Pungent, and cf. Punch
a tool, Punction.]

1. A figured stamp, die, or punch, used by goldsmiths, cutlers, etc.

2. (Carp.)

Defn: A short, upright piece of timber in framing; a short post; an
intermediate stud. Oxf. Gloss.

3. A split log or heavy slab with the face smoothed; as, a floor made
of puncheons. [U.S.] Bartlett.

4. Etym: [F. poinçon, perh. the same as poinçon an awl.]

Defn: A cask containing, sometimes 84, sometimes 120, gallons.

PUNCHER
Punch"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, punches.

PUNCHIN
Pun"chin, n.

Defn: See Puncheon.

PUNCHINELLO
Pun`chi*nel"lo, n. Etym: [It. pulcinella, probably originally a word
of endearment, dim. of pulcina, pulcino, a chicken, from L.
pullicenus, pullus. See Pullet.]

Defn: A punch; a buffoon; originally, in a puppet show, a character
represented as fat, short, and humpbacked. Spectator.

PUNCHY
Punch"y, a. Etym: [Perhaps for paunchy, from paunch. See 3d Punch.]

Defn: Short and thick, or fat.

PUNCTATED; PUNCTATED
Punc"ta*ted, Punc"ta*ted, a. Etym: [From L. punctum point. See Point
.]

1. Pointed; ending in a point or points.

2. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Dotted with small spots of color, or with minute depressions or
pits.

PUNCTATOR
Punc*ta"tor, n.

Defn: One who marks with points. specifically, one who writes Hebrew
with points; -- applied to a Masorite. E. Robinson.

PUNCTICULAR
Punc*tic"u*lar, a.

Defn: Comprised in, or like, a point; exact. [Obs. & R.] Sir T.
Browne.

PUNCTIFORM
Punc"ti*form, a. Etym: [L. punctum point + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of a point.

PUNCTILIO
Punc*til"io, n.; pl. Punctilios. Etym: [It. puntiglio, or Sp.
puntillo, dim. fr. L. punctum point. See Point, n.]

Defn: A nice point of exactness in conduct, ceremony, or proceeding;
particularity or exactness in forms; as, the punctilios of a public
ceremony.
They will not part with the least punctilio in their opinions and
practices. Fuller
.

PUNCTILIOUS
Punc*til"ious, a. Etym: [Cf. It. puntiglioso, Sp. puntilloso.]

Defn: Attentive to punctilio; very nice or exact in the forms of
behavior, etiquette, or mutual intercourse; precise; exact in the
smallest particulars. "A punctilious observance of divine laws."
Rogers. "Very punctilious copies of any letters. The Nation.
Punctilious in the simple and intelligible instances of common life.
I. Taylor.
-- Punc*til"ious*ly, adv.
 -- Punc*til"ious*ness, n.

PUNCTION
Punc"tion, n. Etym: [L. punctio, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick: cf.
F. ponction. Cf. Puncheon.]

Defn: A puncturing, or pricking; a puncture.

PUNCTIST
Punc"tist, n.

Defn: A punctator. E. Henderson.

PUNCTO
Punc"to, n. Etym: [See Punto.]

1. A nice point of form or ceremony. Bacon.

2. A term applied to the point in fencing. Farrow.

PUNCTUAL
Punc"tu*al, a. Etym: [F. ponctuel (cf. Sp.puntual, It. puntuale),
from L. punctum point. See Point.]

1. Consisting in a point; limited to a point; unextended. [R.] "This
punctual spot." Milton.
The theory of the punctual existence of the soul. Krauth.

2. Observant of nice points; punctilious; precise.
Punctual to tediousness in all that he relates. Bp. Burnet.
So much on punctual niceties they stand. C. Pitt.

3. Appearing or done at, or adhering exactly to, a regular or an
appointed time; precise; prompt; as, a punctual man; a punctual
payment. "The race of the undeviating and punctual sun." Cowper.
These sharp strokes [of a pendulum], with their inexorably steady
intersections, so agree with our successive thoughts that they seem
like the punctual stops counting off our very souls into the past. J.
Martineau.

PUNCTUALIST
Punc"tu*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who is very exact in observing forms and ceremonies.
Milton.

PUNCTUALITY
Punc`tu*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ponctualité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being punctual; especially, adherence
to the exact time of an engagement; exactness.

PUNCTUALLY
Punc"tu*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a punctual manner; promptly; exactly.

PUNCTUALNESS
Punc"tu*al*ness, n.

Defn: Punctuality; exactness.

PUNCTUATE
Punc"tu*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punctuated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Punctuating.] Etym: [Cf. F. ponctuer. See Punctual.]

Defn: To mark with points; to separate into sentences, clauses, etc.,
by points or stops which mark the proper pauses in expressing the
meaning.

PUNCTUATION
Punc`tu*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ponctuation.] (Gram.)

Defn: The act or art of punctuating or pointing a writing or
discourse; the art or mode of dividing literary composition into
sentences, and members of a sentence, by means of points, so as to
elucidate the author's meaning.

Note: Punctuation, as the term is usually understood, is chiefly
performed with four points: the period [.], the colon [:], the
semicolon [;], and the comma [,]. Other points used in writing and
printing, partly rhetorical and partly grammatical, are the note of
interrogation [], the note of exclamation [!], the parentheses [()],
the dash [--], and brackets []. It was not until the 16th century
that an approach was made to the present system of punctuation by the
Manutii of Venice. With Caxton, oblique strokes took the place of
commas and periods.

PUNCTUATIVE
Punc"tu*a*tive, a.

Defn: Of or belonging to points of division; relating to punctuation.
The punctuative intonation of feeble cadence. Rush.

PUNCTUATOR
Punc"tu*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who punctuates, as in writing; specifically, a punctator.

PUNCTUIST
Punc"tu*ist, n.

Defn: A punctator.

PUNCTULATE; PUNCTULATED
Punc"tu*late, Punc"tu*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. punctulum, dim. of punctum
point.]

Defn: Marked with small spots.
The studs have their surface punctulated, as if set all over with
other studs infinitely lesser. Woodward.

PUNCTUM
Punc"tum, n. Etym: [L., a point.]

Defn: A point. Punctum cæcum. Etym: [L., blind point.] (Anat.) Same
as Blind spot, under Blind.
 -- Punctum proximum, near point. See under Point.
 -- Punctum remotum, far point. See under Point.
 -- Punctum vegetationis Etym: [L., point of vegetation] (Bot.), the
terminal cell of a stem, or of a leaf bud, from which new growth
originates.

PUNCTURATION
Punc`tu*ra"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of puncturing. See Acupuncture.

PUNCTURE
Punc"ture, n. Etym: [L. punctura, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See
Pungent.]

1. The act of puncturing; perforating with something pointed.

2. A small hole made by a point; a slight wound, bite, or sting; as,
the puncture of a nail, needle, or pin.
A lion may perish by the puncture of an asp. Rambler.

PUNCTURE
Punc"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punctured; p. pr. & vb. n.
Puncturing.]

Defn: To pierce with a small, pointed instrument, or the like; to
prick; to make a puncture in; as, to puncture the skin.

PUNCTURED
Punc"tured, a.

1. Having the surface covered with minute indentations or dots.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Produced by puncture; having the characteristics of a puncture;
as, a punctured wound.

PUNDIT
Pun"dit, n. Etym: [Hind. pandit, Skr. pandita a learned man.]

Defn: A learned man; a teacher; esp., a Brahman versed in the
Sanskrit language, and in the science, laws, and religion of the
Hindoos; in Cashmere, any clerk or native official. [Written also
pandit.] [India]

PUNDLE
Pun"dle, n. Etym: [Cf. Bundle.]

Defn: A short and fat woman; a squab. [Obs.]

PUNESE
Pu"nese, n. Etym: [F. punaise, fr. punais stinking, fr. L. putere.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A bedbug. [R or Obs.]

PUNG
Pung, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A kind of plain sleigh drawn by one horse; originally, a rude
oblong box on runners. [U.S.]
Sledges or pungs, coarsely framed of split saplings, and surmounted
with a large crockery crate. Judd.
They did not take out the pungs to-day. E. E. Hale.

PUNGENCE
Pun"gence, n. Etym: [See Pungent.]

Defn: Pungency.

PUNGENCY
Pun"gen*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being pungent or piercing; keenness;
sharpness; piquancy; as, the pungency of ammonia. "The pungency of
menaces." Hammond.

PUNGENT
Pun"gent, a. Etym: [L. pungens, -entis, p. pr. of pungere, punctum,
to prick. Cf. Compunction, Expunge, Poignant, Point, n., Puncheon,
Punctilio, Punt, v. t.]

1. Causing a sharp sensation, as of the taste, smell, or feelings;
pricking; biting; acrid; as, a pungent spice.
Pungent radish biting infant's tongue. Shenstone.
The pungent grains of titillating dust. Pope.

2. Sharply painful; penetrating; poignant; severe; caustic; stinging.
With pungent pains on every side. Swift.
His pungent pen played its part in rousing the nation. J. R. Green.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Prickly-pointed; hard and sharp.

Syn.
 -- Acrid; piercing; sharp; penetrating; acute; keen; acrimonious;
biting; stinging.

PUNGENTLY
Pun"gent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pungent manner; sharply.

PUNGLED
Pun"gled, a. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Shriveled or shrunken; -- said especially of grain which has
lost its juices from the ravages of insects, such as the wheat midge,
or Trips (Thrips cerealium).

PUNGY
Pung"y, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A small sloop or shallop, or a large boat with sails.

PUNIC
Pu"nic, a. Etym: [L. Punicus pertaining to Carthage, or its
inhabitants, fr. Poeni the Carthaginians.]

1. Of or pertaining to the ancient Carthaginians.

2. Characteristic of the ancient Carthaginians; faithless;
treacherous; as, Punic faith.
Yes, yes, his faith attesting nations own; 'T is Punic all, and to a
proverb known. H. Brooke.

PUNICE
Pu"nice, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Punese. [Obs. or R.]

PUNICE
Pu"nice, v. t.

Defn: To punish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PUNICEOUS; PUNICIAL
Pu*ni"ceous, Pu*ni"cial, a. Etym: [L. puniceus, fr. Punicus Punic.]

Defn: Of a bright red or purple color. [R.]

PUNINESS
Pu"ni*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being puny; littleness; pettiness;
feebleness.

PUNISH
Pun"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punished; p. pr. & vb. n. Punishing.]
Etym: [OE. punischen, F. punir, from L. punire, punitum, akin to
poena punishment, penalty. See Pain, and -ish.]

1. To impose a penalty upon; to afflict with pain, loss, or suffering
for a crime or fault, either with or without a view to the offender's
amendment; to cause to suffer in retribution; to chasten; as, to
punish traitors with death; a father punishes his child for willful
disobedience.
A greater power Now ruled him, punished in the shape he sinned.
Milton.

2. To inflict a penalty for (an offense) upon the offender; to repay,
as a fault, crime, etc., with pain or loss; as, to punish murder or
treason with death.

3. To injure, as by beating; to pommel. [Low]

Syn.
 -- To chastise; castigate; scourge; whip; lash; correct; discipline.
See Chasten.

PUNISHABLE
Pun"ish*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. punissable.]

Defn: Deserving of, or liable to, punishment; capable of being
punished by law or right; -- said of person or offenses.
That time was, when to be a Protestant, to be a Christian, was by law
as punishable as to be a traitor. Milton.
-- Pun"ish*a*ble*ness, n.

PUNISHER
Pun"ish*er, n.

Defn: One who inflicts punishment.

PUNISHMENT
Pun"ish*ment, n.

1. The act of punishing.

2. Any pain, suffering, or loss inflicted on a person because of a
crime or offense.
I never gave them condign punishment. Shak.
The rewards and punishments of another life. Locke.

3. (Law)

Defn: A penalty inflicted by a court of justice on a convicted
offender as a just retribution, and incidentally for the purposes of
reformation and prevention.

PUNITION
Pu*ni"tion, n. Etym: [L. punitio: cf. F. punition. See Punish.]

Defn: Punishment. [R.] Mir. for Mag.

PUNITIVE
Pu"ni*tive, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to punishment; involving, awarding, or
inflicting punishment; as, punitive law or justice.
If death be punitive, so, likewise, is the necessity imposed upon man
of toiling for his subsistence. I. Taylor.
We shall dread a blow from the punitive hand. Bagehot.

PUNITORY
Pu"ni*to*ry, a.

Defn: Punishing; tending to punishment; punitive.
God . . . may make moral evil, as well as natural, at the same time
both prudential and punitory. A. Tucker.

PUNK
Punk, n. Etym: [Cf. Spunk.]

1. Wood so decayed as to be dry, crumbly, and useful for tinder;
touchwood.

2. A fungus (Polyporus fomentarius, etc.) sometimes dried for tinder;
agaric.

3. An artificial tinder. See Amadou, and Spunk.

4. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obsoles.] Shak.

PUNKA
Pun"ka, n. Etym: [Hind. pankha fan.]

Defn: A machine for fanning a room, usually a movable fanlike frame
covered with canvas, and suspended from the ceiling. It is kept in
motion by pulling a cord. [Hindostan] [Written also punkah.] Malcom.

PUNKIE
Punk"ie, n. [Orig. unknown.]

Defn: A minute biting fly of the genus Ceratopogon or allied genus of
the family Chironomidæ, found in swarms in various densely wooded or
mountaneous regions. [U. S.]

PUNKIN
Pun"kin, n.

Defn: A pumpkin. [Colloq. U. S.]

PUNKLING
Punk"ling, n.

Defn: A young strumpet. [Obs.]

PUNNER
Pun"ner, n.

Defn: A punster. Beau. & Fl.

PUNNET
Pun"net, n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. buinne a shoot, branch.]

Defn: A broad, shallow basket, for displaying fruit or flowers.

PUNNOLOGY
Pun*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Pun + -logy.]

Defn: The art or practice of punning; paronomasia. [R.] Pope.

PUNSTER
Pun"ster, n.

Defn: One who puns, or is skilled in, or given to, punning; a
quibbler; a low wit.

PUNT
Punt, v. i. Etym: [F. ponter, or It. puntare, fr. L. punctum point.
See Point.]

Defn: To play at basset, baccara, faro. or omber; to gamble.
She heard . . . of his punting at gaming tables. Thackeray.

PUNT
Punt, n.

Defn: Act of playing at basset, baccara, faro, etc.

PUNT
Punt, n. Etym: [AS., fr. L. ponto punt, pontoon. See Pontoon.]
(Naut.)

Defn: A flat-bottomed boat with square ends. It is adapted for use in
shallow waters.

PUNT
Punt, v. t.

1. To propel, as a boat in shallow water, by pushing with a pole
against the bottom; to push or propel (anything) with exertion.
Livingstone.

2. (Football)

Defn: To kick (the ball) before it touches the ground, when let fall
from the hands.

PUNT
Punt, n. (Football)

Defn: The act of punting the ball.

PUNTELLO
Pun*tel"lo, n.; pl. -li (#). [It., dim. of punto point.] (Sculpture)

Defn: One of the points sometimes drilled as guides for cutting away
superfluous stone.

PUNTER
Punt"er, n.Etym: [Cf. F. ponte. See Punt, v. t.]

Defn: One who punts; specifically, one who plays against the banker
or dealer, as in baccara and faro. Hoyle.

PUNTER
Punt"er, n.

Defn: One who punts a football; also, one who propels a punt.

PUNTIL; PUNTEL
Pun"til, Pun"tel, n. (Glass Making)

Defn: See Pontee.

PUNTO
Pun"to, n. Etym: [It. punto, L. punctum point. See Point.] (Fencing)

Defn: A point or hit. Punto diritto Etym: [It.], a direct stroke or
hit.
 -- Punto reverso Etym: [It. riverso reverse], a backhanded stroke.
Halliwell. "Ah, the immortal passado! the punto reverso!" Shak.

PUNT-OUT
Punt"-out`, n. (American Football)

Defn: A punt made from the goal line by a player of the side which
has made a touchdown to one of his own side for a fair catch, from
which an attempt to kick a goal may be made.

PUNTY
Pun"ty, n. (Glass Making)

Defn: See Pontee.

PUNY
Pu"ny, a. [Compar. Punier; superl. Puniest.] Etym: [F. puîté younger,
later born, OF. puisné; puis afterwards (L. post; see Post-) + né
born, L. natus. See Natal, and cf. Puisne.]

Defn: Imperfectly developed in size or vigor; small and feeble;
inferior; petty.
A puny subject strikes at thy great glory. Shak.
Breezes laugh to scorn our puny speed. Keble.

PUNY
Pu"ny, n.

Defn: A youth; a novice. [R.] Fuller.

PUOY
Puoy, n.

Defn: Same as Poy, n., 3.

PUP
Pup, n. Etym: [See Puppy.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A young dog; a puppy.
(b) a young seal.

PUP
Pup, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pupped; p. pr. & vb. n. Pupping.]

Defn: To bring forth whelps or young, as the female of the canine
species.

PUPA
Pu"pa, n.; pl. L. Pup, E. Pupas. Etym: [L. pupa girl. doll, puppet,
fem. of pupus. Cf. Puppet.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any insect in that stage of its metamorphosis which usually
immediately precedes the adult, or imago, stage.

Note: Among insects belonging to the higher orders, as the
Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, the pupa is inactive and takes no
food; in the lower orders it is active and takes food, and differs
little from the imago except in the rudimentary state of the sexual
organs, and of the wings in those that have wings when adult. The
term pupa is sometimes applied to other invertebrates in analogous
stages of development.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of air-breathing land snails having an elongated spiral
shell. Coarctate, or Obtected, pupa, a pupa which is incased in the
dried-up skin of the larva, as in many Diptera.
 -- Masked pupa, a pupa whose limbs are bound down and partly
concealed by a chitinous covering, as in Lepidoptera.

PUPAL
Pu"pal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pupa, or the condition of a pupa.

PUPATE
Pu"pate, v. i. (Zoöl.)

Defn: To become a pupa.

PUPATION
Pu*pa"tion, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: the act of becoming a pupa.

PUPE
Pupe, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A pupa.

PUPELO
Pu*pe"lo, n.

Defn: Cider brandy. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

PUPIGEROUS
Pu*pig"er*ous, a. Etym: [Pupa + -gerous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Bearing or containing a pupa; -- said of dipterous larvæ which
do not molt when the pupa is formed within them.

PUPIL
Pu"pil, n. Etym: [F. pupille, n. fem., L. pupilla the pupil of the
eye, originally dim. of pupa a girl. See Puppet, and cf. Pupil a
scholar.] (Anat.)

Defn: The aperture in the iris; the sight, apple, or black of the
eye. See the Note under Eye, and Iris. Pin-hole pupil (Med.), the
pupil of the eye when so contracted (as it sometimes is in typhus, or
opium poisoning) as to resemble a pin hole. Dunglison.

PUPIL
Pu"pil, n. Etym: [F. pupille, n. masc. & fem., L. pupillus, pupilla,
dim. of pupus boy, pupa girl. See Puppet, and cf. Pupil of the eye.]

1. A youth or scholar of either sex under the care of an instructor
or tutor.
Too far in years to be a pupil now. Shak.
Tutors should behave reverently before their pupils. L'Estrange.

2. A person under a guardian; a ward. Dryden.

3. (Civil Law)

Defn: A boy or a girl under the age of puberty, that is, under
fourteen if a male, and under twelve if a female.

Syn.
 -- Learner; disciple; tyro.
 -- See Scholar.

PUPILAGE
Pu"pil*age, n.

Defn: The state of being a pupil.
As sons of kings, loving in pupilage, Have turned to tyrants when
they came to power. Tennyson.

PUPILLARITY
Pu`pil*lar"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pupillarité. See Pupillary.] (Scots
Law)

Defn: The period before puberty, or from birth to fourteen in males,
and twelve in females.

PUPILLARY
Pu"pil*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. pupillaris: cf. F.pupillaire. See Pupil.]

1. Of or pertaining to a pupil or ward. Johnson.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pupil of the eye.

PUPILLOMETER
Pu`pil*lom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. pupilla pupil of the eye + -meter.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the size of the pupil of the pupil
of the eye.

PUPIPARA
Pu*pip"a*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pupiparous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Diptera in which the young are born in a stage
like the pupa. It includes the sheep tick, horse tick, and other
parasites. Called also Homaloptera.

PUPIPAROUS
Pu*pip"a*rous, a. Etym: [Pupa + L. parere to bring forth.] (Zoöl.)
(a) Bearing, or containing, a pupa; -- said of the matured larvæ, or
larval skins, of certain Diptera.
(b) Of or pertaining to the Pupipara.

PUPIVORA
Pu*piv"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pupivorous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of parasitic Hymenoptera, including the ichneumon
flies, which destroy the larvæ and pupæ of insects.

PUPIVOROUS
Pu*piv"o*rous, a. Etym: [Pupa + L. vorare to devour.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feeding on the pupæ of insects.

PUPLICAN
Pup"li*can, n.

Defn: Publican. [Obs.]

PUPPET
Pup"pet, n. Etym: [OE. popet, OF. poupette; akin to F. poupée a doll,
probably from L. puppa, pupa, a girl, doll, puppet. Cf. Poupeton,
Pupa, Pupil, Puppy.] [Written also poppet.]

1. A small image in the human form; a doll.

2. A similar figure moved by the hand or by a wire in a mock drama; a
marionette; a wooden actor in a play.
At the pipes of some carved organ move, The gilded puppets dance.
Pope.

3. One controlled in his action by the will of another; a tool; -- so
used in contempt. Sir W. Scott.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: The upright support for the bearing of the spindle in a lathe.
Puppet master. Same as Puppetman.
 -- Puppet play, a puppet show.
 -- Puppet player, one who manages the motions of puppets.
 -- Puppet show, a mock drama performed by puppets moved by wires.
 -- Puppet valve, a valve in the form of a circular disk, which
covers a hole in its seat, and opens by moving bodily away from the
seat while remaining parallel with it, -- used in steam engines,
pumps, safety valves, etc. Its edge is often beveled, and fits in a
conical recess in the seat when the valve is closed. See the valves
shown in Illusts. of Plunger pump, and Safety valve, under Plunger,
and Safety.

PUPPETISH
Pup"pet*ish, a.

Defn: Resembling a puppet in appearance or action; of the nature of a
puppet.

PUPPETMAN
Pup"pet*man, n.

Defn: A master of a puppet show.

PUPPETRY
Pup"pet*ry, n.

Defn: Action or appearance resembling that of a puppet, or puppet
show; hence, mere form or show; affectation.
Puppetry of the English laws of divorce. Chambers.

PUPPY
Pup"py, n.; pl. Puppies. Etym: [F. poupée doll, puppet. See Puppet,
and cf. Pup, n.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The young of a canine animal, esp. of the common dog; a whelp.

2. A name of contemptuous reproach for a conceited and impertinent
person.
I found my place taken by an ill-bred, awkward puppy with a money bag
under each arm. Addison.

PUPPY
Pup"py, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puppied; p. pr. & vb. n. Puppying.]

Defn: To bring forth whelps; to pup.

PUPPYHOOD
Pup"py*hood, n.

Defn: The time or state of being a puppy; the time of being young and
undisciplined.

PUPPYISH
Pup"py*ish, a.

Defn: Like a puppy.

PUPPYISM
Pup"py*ism, n.

Defn: Extreme meanness, affectation, conceit, or impudence. A.
Chalmers.

PUR
Pur, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Purred; p. pr. & vb. n. Purring.] Etym: [Of
imitative origin; cf. Prov. G. purren.]

Defn: To utter a low, murmuring, continued sound, as a cat does when
pleased. [Written also purr.]

PUR
Pur, v. t.

Defn: To signify or express by purring. Gray.

PUR
Pur, n.

Defn: The low, murmuring sound made by a cat to express contentment
or pleasure. [Written also purr.]

PURANA
Pu*ra"na, n. Etym: [Skr. pura, properly. old, ancient, fr. pura
formerly.]

Defn: One of a class of sacred Hindoo poetical works in the Sanskrit
language which treat of the creation, destruction, and renovation of
worlds, the genealogy and achievements of gods and heroes, the reigns
of the Manus, and the transactions of their descendants. The
principal Puranas are eighteen in number, and there are the same
number of supplementary books called Upa Puranas.

PURANIC
Pu*ran"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the Puranas.

PURBECK BEDS
Pur"beck beds`. Etym: [So called from the Isle of Purbeck in
England.] (Geol.)

Defn: The strata of the Purbeck stone, or Purbeck limestone,
belonging to the Oölitic group. See the Chart of Geology.

PURBECK STONE
Pur"beck stone`. (Geol.)

Defn: A limestone from the Isle of Purbeck in England.

PURBLIND
Pur"blind`, a. Etym: [For pure-blind, i. e., wholly blind. See Pure,
and cf. Poreblind.]

1. Wholly blind. "Purblind Argus, all eyes and no sight." Shak.

2. Nearsighted, or dim-sighted; seeing obscurely; as, a purblind eye;
a purblind mole.
The saints have not so sharp eyes to see down from heaven; they be
purblindand sand-blind. Latimer.
O purblind race of miserable men. Tennyson.
-- Pur"blind`ly, adv.
 -- Pur"blind`ness, n.

PURCELANE
Purce"lane, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Purslane. [Obs.]

PURCHASABLE
Pur"chas*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being bought, purchased, or obtained for a
consideration; hence, venal; corrupt.
Money being the counterbalance to all things purchasable by it, as
much as you take off from the value of money, so much you add to the
price of things exchanged. Locke.

PURCHASE
Pur"chase (; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purchased; p. pr. & vb. n.
Purchasing.] Etym: [OE. purchasen, porchacen, OF. porchacier,
purchacier, to pursue, to seek eagerly, F. pourchasser; OF. pour,
por, pur, for (L. pro) + chacier to pursue, to chase. See Chase.]

1. To pursue and obtain; to acquire by seeking; to gain, obtain, or
acquire. Chaucer.
That loves the thing he can not purchase. Spenser.
Your accent is Something finer than you could purchase in so removed
a dwelling. Shak.
His faults . . . hereditary Rather than purchased. Shak.

2. To obtain by paying money or its equivalent; to buy for a price;
as, to purchase land, or a house.
The field which Abraham purchased of the sons of Heth. Gen. xxv. 10.

3. To obtain by any outlay, as of labor, danger, or sacrifice, etc.;
as, to purchase favor with flattery.
One poor retiring minute . . . Would purchase thee a thousand
thousand friends. Shak.
A world who would not purchase with a bruise Milton.

4. To expiate by a fine or forfeit. [Obs.]
Not tears nor prayers shall purchase out abuses. Shak.

5. (Law)
(a) To acquire by any means except descent or inheritance.
Blackstone.
(b) To buy for a price.

6. To apply to (anything) a device for obtaining a mechanical
advantage; to get a purchase upon, or apply a purchase to; as, to
purchase a cannon.

PURCHASE
Pur"chase, v. i.

1. To put forth effort to obtain anything; to strive; to exert one's
self. [Obs.]
Duke John of Brabant purchased greatly that the Earl of Flanders
should have his daughter in marriage. Ld. Berners.

2. To acquire wealth or property. [Obs.]
Sure our lawyers Would not purchase half so fast. J. Webster.

PURCHASE
Pur"chase (; 48), n. Etym: [OE. purchds, F. pourchas eager pursuit.
See Purchase, v. t.]

1. The act of seeking, getting, or obtaining anything. [Obs.]
I'll . . . get meat to have thee, Or lose my life in the purchase.
Beau. & Fl.

2. The act of seeking and acquiring property.

3. The acquisition of title to, or properly in, anything for a price;
buying for money or its equivalent.
It is foolish to lay out money in the purchase of repentance.
Franklin.

4. That which is obtained, got, or acquired, in any manner, honestly
or dishonestly; property; possession; acquisition. Chaucer. B.
Jonson.
We met with little purchase upon this coast, except two small vessels
of Golconda. De Foe.
A beauty-waning and distressed widow . . . Made prize and purchase of
his lustful eye. Shak.

5. That which is obtained for a price in money or its equivalent.
"The scrip was complete evidence of his right in the purchase."
Wheaton.

6. Any mechanical hold, or advantage, applied to the raising or
removing of heavy bodies, as by a lever, a tackle, capstan, and the
like; also, the apparatus, tackle, or device by which the advantage
is gained.
A politician, to do great things, looks for a power -- what our
workmen call a purchase. Burke.

7. (Law)

Defn: Acquisition of lands or tenements by other means than descent
or inheritance, namely, by one's own act or agreement. Blackstone.
Purchase criminal, robbery. [Obs.] Spenser.
 -- Purchase money, the money paid, or contracted to be paid, for
anything bought. Berkeley.
 -- Worth, or At, [so many] years' purchase, a phrase by which the
value or cost of a thing is expressed in the length of time required
for the income to amount to the purchasing price; as, he bought the
estate at a twenty years' purchase. To say one's life is not worth a
day's purchase in the same as saying one will not live a day, or is
in imminent peril.

PURCHASER
Pur"chas*er, n.

1. One who purchases; one who acquires property for a consideration,
generally of money; a buyer; a vendee.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who acquires an estate in lands by his own act or
agreement, or who takes or obtains an estate by any means other than
by descent or inheritance.

PURDAH
Pur"dah, n. Etym: [Per. parda a curtain.]

Defn: A curtain or screen; also, a cotton fabric in blue and white
stripes, used for curtains. McElrath.

PURE
Pure, a. [Compar. Purer; superl. Purest.] Etym: [OE. pur, F. pur, fr.
L. purus; akin to putus pure, clear, putare to clean, trim, prune,
set in order, settle, reckon, consider, think, Skr. p to clean, and
perh. E. fire. Cf. Putative.]

1. Separate from all heterogeneous or extraneous matter; free from
mixture or combination; clean; mere; simple; unmixed; as, pure water;
pure clay; pure air; pure compassion.
The pure fetters on his shins great. Chaucer.
A guinea is pure gold if it has in it no alloy. I. Watts.

2. Free from moral defilement or quilt; hence, innocent; guileless;
chaste; -- applied to persons. "Keep thyself pure." 1 Tim. v. 22.
Now the end of the commandment is charity out of a pure heart, and of
a good conscience. 1 Tim. i. 5.

3. Free from that which harms, vitiates, weakens, or pollutes;
genuine; real; perfect; -- applied to things and actions. "Pure
religion and impartial laws." Tickell. "The pure, fine talk of Rome."
Ascham.
Such was the origin of a friendship as warm and pure as any that
ancient or modern history records. Macaulay.

4. (Script.)

Defn: Ritually clean; fitted for holy services.
Thou shalt set them in two rows, six on a row, upon the pure table
before the Lord. Lev. xxiv. 6.

5. (Phonetics)

Defn: Of a single, simple sound or tone; -- said of some vowels and
the unaspirated consonants. Pure-impure, completely or totally
impure. "The inhabitants were pure-impure pagans." Fuller.
 -- Pure blue. (Chem.) See Methylene blue, under Methylene.
 -- Pure chemistry. See under Chemistry.
 -- Pure mathematics, that portion of mathematics which treats of the
principles of the science, or contradistinction to applied
mathematics, which treats of the application of the principles to the
investigation of other branches of knowledge, or to the practical
wants of life. See Mathematics. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ) -- Pure
villenage (Feudal Law), a tenure of lands by uncertain services at
the will of the lord. Blackstone.

Syn.
 -- Unmixed; clear; simple; real; true; genuine; unadulterated;
uncorrupted; unsullied; untarnished; unstained; stainless; clean;
fair; unspotted; spotless; incorrupt; chaste; unpolluted; undefiled;
immaculate; innocent; guiltless; guileless; holy.

PURED
Pured, a.

Defn: Purified; refined. [Obs.] "Bread of pured wheat." "Pured gold."
Chaucer.

PUREE
Pu`rée", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A dish made by boiling any article of food to a pulp and
rubbing it through a sieve; as, a purée of fish, or of potatoes;
especially, a soup the thickening of which is so treated.

PURELY
Pure"ly, adv.

1. In a pure manner (in any sense of the adjective).

2. Nicely; prettily. [Archaic] Halliwell.

PURENESS
Pure"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being pure (in any sense of the adjective).

PURFILE
Pur"file, n. Etym: [See Purfle.]

Defn: A sort of ancient trimming of tinsel and thread for women's
gowns; -- called also bobbinwork. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

PURFLE
Pur"fle, v. t. Etym: [OF. pourfiler; pour for + fil a thread, L.
filum. See Profile, and cf. Purl a border.]

1. To decorate with a wrought or flowered border; to embroider; to
ornament with metallic threads; as, to purfle with blue and white. P.
Plowman.
A goodly lady clad in scarlet red, Purfled with gold and pearl of
rich assay. Spenser.

2. (Her.)

Defn: To ornament with a bordure of emines, furs, and the like; also,
with gold studs or mountings.

PURFLE; PURFLEW
Pur"fle, Pur"flew, n.

1. A hem, border., or trimming, as of embroidered work.

2. (Her.)

Defn: A border of any heraldic fur.

PURFLED
Pur"fled, a.

Defn: Ornamented; decorated; esp., embroidered on the edges. Purfled
work (Arch.), delicate tracery, especially in Gothic architecture.

PURFLING
Pur"fling, n.

Defn: Ornamentation on the border of a thing; specifically, the
inlaid border of a musical instrument, as a violin.

PURGAMENT
Pur"ga*ment, n. Etym: [L. purgamentum offscourings, washings,
expiatory sacrifice. See Purge.]

1. That which is excreted; excretion. [Obs.]

2. (Med.)

Defn: A cathartic; a purgative. [Obs.] Bacon.

PURGATION
Pur*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. purgatio: cf. F. purgation. See Purge.]

1. The act of purging; the act of clearing, cleansing, or putifying,
by separating and carrying off impurities, or whatever is
superfluous; the evacuation of the bowels.

2. (Law)

Defn: The clearing of one's self from a crime of which one was
publicly suspected and accused. It was either canonical, which was
prescribed by the canon law, the form whereof used in the spiritual
court was, that the person suspected take his oath that he was clear
of the matter objected against him, and bring his honest neighbors
with him to make oath that they believes he swore truly; or vulgar,
which was by fire or water ordeal, or by combat. See Ordeal. Wharton.
Let him put me to my purgation. Shak.

PURGATIVE
Pur"ga*tive, a Etym: [L. purgativus: cf. F. purgatif.]

Defn: Having the power or quality of purging; cathartic.
 -- n. (Med.)

Defn: A purging medicine; a cathartic.

PURGATIVELY
Pur"ga*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a purgative manner.

PURGATORIAL; PURGATORIAN
Pur`ga*to"ri*al, Pur`ga*to"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to purgatory; expiatory.

PURGATORIAN
Pur`ga*to"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who holds to the doctrine of purgatory. Boswell.

PURGATORY
Pur"ga*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. purgatorius.]

Defn: Tending to cleanse; cleansing; expiatory. Burke.

PURGATORY
Pur"ga*to*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. purgatoire.]

Defn: A state or place of purification after death; according to the
Roman Catholic creed, a place, or a state believed to exist after
death, in which the souls of persons are purified by expiating such
offenses committed in this life as do not merit eternal damnation, or
in which they fully satisfy the justice of God for sins that have
been forgiven. After this purgation from the impurities of sin, the
souls are believed to be received into heaven.

PURGE
Purge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purged; p. pr. & vb. n. Purging.] Etym:
[F. purger, L. purgare; purus pure + agere to make, to do. See Pure,
and Agent.]

1. To cleanse, clear, or purify by separating and carrying off
whatever is impure, heterogeneous, foreign, or superfluous. "Till
fire purge all things new." Milton.

2. (Med.)

Defn: To operate on as, or by means of, a cathartic medicine, or in a
similar manner.

3. To clarify; to defecate, as liquors.

4. To clear of sediment, as a boiler, or of air, as a steam pipe, by
driving off or permitting escape.

5. To clear from guilt, or from moral or ceremonial defilement; as,
to purge one of guilt or crime.
When that he hath purged you from sin. Chaucer.
Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean. Ps. li. 7.

6. (Law)

Defn: To clear from accusation, or the charge of a crime or
misdemeanor, as by oath or in ordeal.

7. To remove in cleansing; to deterge; to wash away; -- often
followed by away.
Purge away our sins, for thy name's sake. Ps. lxxix. 9.
We 'll join our cares to purge away Our country's crimes. Addison.

PURGE
Purge, v. i.

1. To become pure, as by clarification.

2. To have or produce frequent evacuations from the intestines, as by
means of a cathartic.

PURGE
Purge, n. Etym: [Cf. F. purge. See Purge, v. t.]

1. The act of purging.
The preparative for the purge of paganism of the kingdom of
Northumberland. Fuller.

2. That which purges; especially, a medicine that evacuates the
intestines; a cathartic. Arbuthnot.

PURGER
Pur"ger, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, purges or cleanses; especially, a
cathartic medicine.

PURGERY
Pur"ger*y, n.

Defn: The part of a sugarhouse where the molasses is drained off from
the sugar.

PURGING
Pur"ging, a.

Defn: That purges; cleansing. Purging flax (Bot.), an annual European
plant of the genus Linum (L. catharticum); dwarf wild flax; -- so
called from its use as a cathartic medicine.

PURGING
Pur"ging, n. (Med.)

Defn: The act of cleansing; excessive evacuations; especially,
diarrhea.

PURI
Pur"i, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Euxanthin.

PURIFICATION
Pu`ri*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [F. purification, L. purificatio. See
Purify.]

1. The act of purifying; the act or operation of separating and
removing from anything that which is impure or noxious, or
heterogeneous or foreign to it; as, the purification of liquors, or
of metals.

2. The act or operation of cleansing ceremonially, by removing any
pollution or defilement.
When the days of her purification according to the law of Moses were
accomplished. Luke ii. 22.

3. A cleansing from guilt or the pollution of sin; the extinction of
sinful desires, appetites, and inclinations.

PURIFICATIVE
Pu"ri*fi*ca*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. purificatif.]

Defn: Having power to purify; tending to cleanse. [R.]

PURIFICATOR
Pu"ri*fi*ca`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, purifies; a purifier.

PURIFICATORY
Pu*rif"i*ca*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. purificatorius.]

Defn: Serving or tending to purify; purificative.

PURIFIER
Pu"ri*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, purifies or cleanses; a cleanser; a
refiner.

PURIFORM
Pu"ri*form, a. Etym: [L. pus, puris, pus + -form: cf. F. puriforme.]
(Med.)

Defn: In the form of pus.

PURIFY
Pu"ri*fy v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purified; p. pr. & vb. n. Purifying.]
Etym: [F.purifier, L. purificare; purus pure + -ficare (in comp.) to
make. See Pure, and -fy.]

1. To make pure or clear from material defilement, admixture, or
imperfection; to free from extraneous or noxious matter; as, to
purify liquors or metals; to purify the blood; to purify the air.

2. Hence, in figurative uses: (a) To free from guilt or moral
defilement; as, to purify the heart.
And fit them so Purified to receive him pure. Milton.

(b) To free from ceremonial or legal defilement.
And Moses took the blood, and put it upon the horns of the altar, . .
. and purified the altar. Lev. viii. 15.
Purify both yourselves and your captives. Num. xxxi. 19.

(c) To free from improprieties or barbarisms; as, to purify a
language. Sprat.

PURIFY
Pu"ri*fy, v. i.

Defn: To grow or become pure or clear.

PURIM
Pu"rim, n. Etym: [Heb. pur, pl. purim, a lot.]

Defn: A Jewish festival, called also the Feast of Lots, instituted to
commemorate the deliverance of the Jews from the machinations of
Haman. Esther ix. 26.

PURISM
Pur"ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. purisme.]

Defn: Rigid purity; the quality of being affectedly pure or nice,
especially in the choice of language; over-solicitude as to purity.
"His political purism." De Quincey.
The English language, however, . . . had even already become too
thoroughly and essentially a mixed tongue for his doctrine of purism
to be admitted to the letter. Craik.

PURIST
Pur"ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. puriste.]

1. One who aims at excessive purity or nicety, esp. in the choice of
language.
He [Fox] . . . purified vocabulary with a scrupulosity unknown to any
purist. Macaulay.

2. One who maintains that the New Testament was written in pure
Greek. M. Stuart.

PURISTIC; PURISTICAL
Pu*ris"tic, Pu*ris"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to purists or purism.

PURITAN
Pu"ri*tan, n. Etym: [From Purity.]

1. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who, in the time of Queen Elizabeth and the first two
Stuarts, opposed traditional and formal usages, and advocated simpler
forms of faith and worship than those established by law; --
originally, a term of reproach. The Puritans formed the bulk of the
early population of New England.

Note: The Puritans were afterward distinguished as Political
Puritans, Doctrinal Puritans, and Puritans in Discipline. Hume.

2. One who is scrupulous and strict in his religious life; -- often
used reproachfully or in contempt; one who has overstrict notions.
She would make a puritan of the devil. Shak.

PURITAN
Pu"ri*tan, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Puritans; resembling, or characteristic
of, the Puritans.

PURITANIC; PURITANICAL
Pu`ri*tan"ic, Pu`ri*tan"ic*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the Puritans, or to their doctrines and
practice.

2. Precise in observance of legal or religious requirements; strict;
overscrupulous; rigid; -- often used by way of reproach or contempt.
Paritanical circles, from which plays and novels were strictly
excluded. Macaulay.
He had all the puritanic traits, both good and evil. Hawthorne.

PURITANICALLY
Pu`ri*tan"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a puritanical manner.

PURITANISM
Pu"ri*tan*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrines, notions, or practice of Puritans.

PURITANIZE
Pu"ri*tan*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puritanized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Puritanizing.]

Defn: To agree with, or teach, the doctrines of Puritans; to conform
to the practice of Puritans. Bp. Montagu.

PURITY
Pu"ri*ty, n. Etym: [OE. purete, purte, OF. purté, F. pureté, from L.
puritas, fr. purus pure. See Pure.]

Defn: The condition of being pure. Specifically:
(a) freedom from foreign admixture or deleterious matter; as, the
purity of water, of wine, of drugs, of metals.
(b) Cleanness; freedom from foulness or dirt. "The purity of a linen
vesture." Holyday.
(c) Freedom from guilt or the defilement of sin; innocence; chastity;
as, purity of heart or of life.
(d) Freedom from any sinister or improper motives or views.
(e) Freedom from foreign idioms, or from barbarous or improper words
or phrases; as, purity of style.

PURKINJE'S CELLS
Pur"kin*je's cells`. Etym: [From J. E. Purkinje, their discoverer.]
(Anat.)

Defn: Large ganglion cells forming a layer near the surface of the
cerebellum.

PURL
Purl, v. t. Etym: [Contr. fr. purfile, purfle. See Purfle.]

Defn: To decorate with fringe or embroidery. "Nature's cradle more
enchased and purled." B. Jonson.

PURL
Purl, n.

1. An embroidered and puckered border; a hem or fringe, often of gold
or silver twist; also, a pleat or fold, as of a band.
A triumphant chariot made of carnation velvet, enriched withpurl and
pearl. Sir P. Sidney
.

2. An inversion of stitches in knitting, which gives to the work a
ribbed or waved appearance. Purl stitch. Same as Purl, n., 2.

PURL
Purl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Purled; p. pr. & vb. n. Purling.] Etym:
[Cf. Sw. porla, and E. pur to murmur as a cat.]

1. To run swiftly round, as a small stream flowing among stones or
other obstructions; to eddy; also, to make a murmuring sound, as
water does in running over or through obstructions.
Swift o'er the rolling pebbles, down the hills, Louder and louder
purl the falling rills. Pope.

2. Etym: [Perh. fr. F. perler to pearl, to bead. See Pearl, v. & n.]

Defn: To rise in circles, ripples, or undulations; to curl; to
mantle.
thin winding breath which purled up to the sky. Shak.

PURL
Purl, n. Etym: [See 3d Purl.]

1. A circle made by the notion of a fluid; an eddy; a ripple.
Whose stream an easy breath doth seem to blow, Which on the sparkling
gravel runs in purles, As though the waves had been of silver curls.
Drayton.

2. A gentle murmur, as that produced by the running of a liquid among
obstructions; as, the purl of a brook.

3. Etym: [Perh. from F.perler, v. See Purl to mantle.]

Defn: Malt liquor, medicated or spiced; formerly, ale or beer in
which wormwood or other bitter herbs had been infused, and which was
regarded as tonic; at present, hot beer mixed with gin, sugar, and
spices. "Drank a glass of purl to recover appetite." Addison.
"Drinking hot purl, and smoking pipes." Dickens.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tern. [Prov. Eng.]

PURLIEU
Pur"lieu, n. Etym: [Corrupted (by influence of lieu place) fr. OF.
puralée, poralée (equiv. to LL. perambulatio a survey of boundaries,
originally, a going through); por (L. pro, confused, however, with L.
per through) + alée. See Pro-, and Alley.] [Written also pourlieu.]

1. Originally, the ground near a royal forest, which, having been
unlawfully added to the forest, was afterwards severed from it, and
disafforested so as to remit to the former owners their rights.
Then as a tiger, who by chance hath spied In some purlieu two gentle
fawns at play. Milton.

2. Hence, the outer portion of any place; an adjacent district;
environs; neighborhood. "The purlieus of St. James."
brokers had been incessantly plying for custom in the purlieus of the
court. Macaulay.

PURLIN; PURLINE
Pur"lin, Pur"line, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Arch.)

Defn: In root construction, a horizontal member supported on the
principals and supporting the common rafters.

PURLING
Purl"ing, n. Etym: [See 3d Purl.]

Defn: The motion of a small stream running among obstructions; also,
the murmur it makes in so doing.

PURLOIN
Pur*loin", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purloined; p. pr. & vb. n.
Purloining.] Etym: [OF. purloignier, porloignier, to retard, delay;
pur, por, pour, for (L. pro) + loin far, far off (L. longe). See
Prolong, and cf. Eloign.]

Defn: To take or carry away for one's self; hence, to steal; to take
by theft; to filch.
Had from his wakeful custody purloined The guarded gold. Milton.
when did the muse from Fletcher scenes purloin Dryden.

PURLOIN
Pur*loin", v. i.

Defn: To practice theft; to steal. Titus ii. 10.

PURLOINER
Pur*loin"er, n.

Defn: One who purloins. Swift.

PURPARTY
Pur"par`ty, n. Etym: [OF. pourpartie; pour for + partie a part; cf.
OF. purpart a respective part.] (Law)

Defn: A share, part, or portion of an estate allotted to a
coparcener. [Written also purpart, and pourparty.]
I am forced to eat all the game of your purparties, as well as my own
thirds. Walpole.

PURPLE
Pur"ple, n.; pl. Purples. Etym: [OE. purpre, pourpre, OF. purpre,
porpre, pourpre, F. pourpre, L. purpura purple fish, purple dye, fr.
Gr. furere to rage, E. fury: cf. AS. purpure. Cf. Porphyry, Purpure.]

1. A color formed by, or resembling that formed by, a combination of
the primary colors red and blue.
Arraying with reflected purple and gold The clouds that on his
western throne attend. Milton.

Note: The ancient words which are translated purple are supposed to
have been used for the color we call crimson. In the gradations of
color as defined in art, purple is a mixture of red and blue. When
red predominates it is called violet, and when blue predominates,
hyacinth.

2. Cloth dyed a purple color, or a garment of such color; especially,
a purple robe, worn as an emblem of rank or authority; specifically,
the purple rode or mantle worn by Roman emperors as the emblem of
imperial dignity; as, to put on the imperial purple.
Thou shalt make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined
linen, and purple, and scarlet. Ex. xxvi. 1.

3. Hence: Imperial sovereignty; royal rank, dignity, or favor;
loosely and colloquially, any exalted station; great wealth. "He was
born in the purple." Gibbon.

4. A cardinalate. See Cardinal.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of large butterflies, usually marked with purple or
blue, of the genus Basilarchia (formerly Limenitis) as, the banded
purple (B. arthemis). See Illust. under Ursula.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any shell of the genus Purpura.

7. pl.(Med.)

Defn: See Purpura.

8. pl.

Defn: A disease of wheat. Same as Earcockle.

Note: Purple is sometimes used in composition, esp. with participles
forming words of obvious signification; as, purple-colored, purple-
hued, purple-stained, purple-tinged, purple-tinted, and the like.
French purple. (Chem.) Same as Cudbear.
 -- Purple of Cassius. See Cassius.
 -- Purple of mollusca (Zoöl.), a coloring matter derived from
certain mollusks, which dyes wool, etc., of a purple or crimson
color, and is supposed to be the substance of the famous Tyrian dye.
It is obtained from Ianthina, and from several species of Purpura,
and Murex.
 -- To be born in the purple, to be of princely birth; to be
highborn.

PURPLE
Pur"ple, a.

1. Exhibiting or possessing the color called purple, much esteemed
for its richness and beauty; of a deep red, or red and blue color;
as, a purple robe.

2. Imperial; regal; -- so called from the color having been an emblem
of imperial authority.
Hide in the dust thy purple pride. Shelley.

3. Blood-red; bloody.
May such purple tears be alway shed. Shak.
I view a field of blood, And Tiber rolling with a purple blood.
Dryden.
Purple bird (Zoöl.), the European purple gallinule. See under
Gallinule.
 -- Purple copper ore. (Min.) See Bornite.
 -- Purple grackle (Zoöl.), the crow blackbird. See under Crow.
 -- Purple martin. See under Martin.
 -- Purple sandpiper. See under Sandpiper.
 -- Purple shell. See Ianthina.

PURPLE
Pur"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purpled; p. pr. & vb. n. Purpling.]

Defn: To make purple; to dye of purple or deep red color; as, hands
purpled with blood.
When morn Purples the east. Milton.
Reclining soft in blissful bowers, Purpled sweet with springing
flowers. Fenton.

PURPLEHEART
Pur"ple*heart`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A strong, durable, and elastic wood of a purplish color,
obtained from several tropical American leguminous trees of the genus
Copaifera (C. pubiflora, bracteata, and officinalis). Used for
decorative veneering. See Copaiba.

PURPLEWOOD
Pur"ple*wood`, n.

Defn: Same as Purpleheart.

PURPLISH
Pur"plish, a.

Defn: Somewhat purple. Boyle.

PURPORT
Pur"port, n. Etym: [OF. purport; pur, pour, for (L. pro) + porter to
bear, carry. See Port demeanor.]

1. Design or tendency; meaning; import; tenor.
The whole scope and purport of that dialogue. Norris. With a look so
piteous in purport As if he had been loosed out of hell. Shak.

2. Disguise; covering. [Obs.]
For she her sex under that strange purport Did use to hide. Spenser.

PURPORT
Pur"port, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purported; p. pr. & vb. n. Purporting.]
Etym: [OF. purporter, pourporter. See Purport, n.]

Defn: To intend to show; to intend; to mean; to signify; to import; -
- often with an object clause or infinitive.
They in most grave and solemn wise unfolded Matter which little
purported. Rowe.

PURPORTLESS
Pur"port*less, a.

Defn: Without purport or meaning.

PURPOSE
Pur"pose, n. Etym: [OF. purpos, pourpos, propos, L. propositum. See
Propound.]

1. That which a person sets before himself as an object to be reached
or accomplished; the end or aim to which the view is directed in any
plan, measure, or exertion; view; aim; design; intention; plan.
He will his firste purpos modify. Chaucer.
As my eternal purpose hath decreed. Milton.
The flighty purpose never is o'ertook Unless the deed go with it.
Shak.

2. Proposal to another; discourse. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. Instance; example. [Obs.] L'Estrange. In purpose, Of purpose, On
purpose, with previous design; with the mind directed to that object;
intentionally. On purpose is the form now generally used.

Syn.
 -- design; end; intention; aim. See Design.

PURPOSE
Pur"pose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purposed; p. pr. & vb. n. Purposing.]
Etym: [OF. purposer, proposer. See Propose.]

1. To set forth; to bring forward. [Obs.]

2. To propose, as an aim, to one's self; to determine upon, as some
end or object to be accomplished; to intend; to design; to resolve; -
- often followed by an infinitive or dependent clause. Chaucer.
Did nothing purpose against the state. Shak.
I purpose to write the history of England from the accession of King
James the Second down to a time which is within the memory of men
still living. Macaulay.

PURPOSE
Pur"pose, v. i.

Defn: To have a purpose or intention; to discourse. [Obs.] Spenser.

PURPOSEDLY
Pur"posed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a purposed manner; according to purpose or design;
purposely.
A poem composed purposedly of the Trojan war. Holland.

PURPOSEFUL
Pur"pose*ful, a.

Defn: Important; material. "Purposeful accounts." Tylor.
 -- Pur"pose*ful*ly, adv.

PURPOSELESS
Pur"pose*less, a.

Defn: Having no purpose or result; objectless. Bp. Hall.
 -- Pur"pose*less*ness, n.

PURPOSELY
Pur"pose*ly, adv.

Defn: With purpose or design; intentionally; with predetermination;
designedly.
In composing this discourse, I purposely declined all offensive and
displeasing truths. Atterbury.
So much they scorn the crowd, that if the throng By chance go right,
they purposely go wrong. Pope.

PURPOSER
Pur"pos*er, n.

1. One who brings forward or proposes anything; a proposer. [Obs.]

2. One who forms a purpose; one who intends.

PURPOSIVE
Pur"po*sive, a.

Defn: Having or indicating purpose or design. "Purposive characters."
Bastian.
Purposive modification of structure in a bone. Owen.
It is impossible that the frog should perform actions morepurposive
than these. Huxley.

PURPRE
Pur"pre, n. & a.

Defn: Purple. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PURPRESTURE
Pur*pres"ture, n. Etym: [Probably corrupted (see Prest) fr. OF.
pourprisure, fr. pourprendre: cf. LL. purprestura. Cf. Purprise.]
(Law)

Defn: Wrongful encroachment upon another's property; esp., any
encroachment upon, or inclosure of, that which should be common or
public, as highways, rivers, harbors, forts, etc. [Written also
pourpresture.]

PURPRISE
Pur"prise, n. Etym: [OF. pourpris,fr. pourprendre to take away
entirely; pour for + prendre to take.]

Defn: A close or inclosure; the compass of a manor. Bacon.

PURPURA
Pur"pu*ra, n. Etym: [L., purple, purple fish: cf. F. purpura. See
Purple.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A disease characterized by livid spots on the skin from
extravasated blood, with loss of muscular strength, pain in the
limbs, and mental dejection; the purples. Dunglison.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine gastropods, usually having a rough and thick
shell. Some species yield a purple dye.

PURPURATE
Pur"pu*rate, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to purpura.

PURPURATE
Pur"pu*rate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of purpuric acid.

PURPURE
Pur"pure, n. Etym: [L. purpura purple. See Purple.] (Her.)

Defn: Purple, -- represented in engraving by diagonal lines declining
from the right top to the left base of the escutcheon (or from
sinister chief to dexter base).

PURPUREAL
Pur*pu"re*al, a.

Defn: Of a purple color; purple.

PURPUREO-
Pur*pu"re*o-.

Defn: A combining form signifying of a purple or purple-red color.
Specif. (Chem.), used in designating certain brilliant purple-red
compounds of cobaltic chloride and ammonia, similar to the
roseocobaltic compounds. See Cobaltic.

PURPURIC
Pur*pu"ric, a. Etym: [Cf. F. purpurique.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to purpura. Dunglison.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to or designating, a nitrogenous acid contained in
uric acid. It is not known in the pure state, but forms well-known
purple-red compounds (as murexide), whence its name.

Note: Purpuric acid was formerly used to designate murexan. See
Murexan.

PURPURIN
Pur"pu*rin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A dyestuff resembling alizarin, found in madder root, and
extracted as an orange or red crystalline substance.

PURPURIPAROUS
Pur`pu*rip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. purpura purple + parere to produce.]
(Biol.)

Defn: Producing, or connected with, a purple-colored secretion; as,
the purpuriparous gland of certain gastropods.

PURPUROGENOUS
Pur`pu*rog"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. purpura purple + -genous.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having the power to produce a purple color; as, the
purpurogenous membrane, or choroidal epithelium, of the eye. See
Visual purple, under Visual.

PURR
Purr, v. i. & t.

Defn: To murmur as a cat. See Pur.

PURR
Purr, n.

Defn: The low murmuring sound made by a cat; pur. See Pur.

PURRE
Purre, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dunlin. [Prov. Eng.]

PURREE
Pur"ree, n. Etym: [Hind. peori yellow.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow coloring matter. See Euxanthin.

PURROCK
Pur"rock, n.

Defn: See Puddock, and Parrock.

PURSE
Purse, n. Etym: [OE. purs, pors, OF. burse, borse, bourse, F. bourse,
LL. bursa, fr. Gr. Bourse, Bursch, Bursar, Buskin.]

1. A small bag or pouch, the opening of which is made to draw
together closely, used to carry money in; by extension, any
receptacle for money carried on the person; a wallet; a pocketbook; a
portemonnaie. Chaucer.
Who steals my purse steals trash. Shak.

2. Hence, a treasury; finances; as, the public purse.

3. A sum of money offered as a prize, or collected as a present; as,
to win the purse; to make up a purse.

4. A specific sum of money; as:
(a) In Turkey, the sum of 500 piasters.
(b) In Persia, the sum of 50 tomans. Light purse, or Empty purse,
poverty or want of resources.
 -- Long purse, or Heavy purse, wealth; riches.
 -- Purse crab (Zoöl.), any land crab of the genus Birgus, allied to
the hermit crabs. They sometimes weigh twenty pounds or more, and are
very strong, being able to crack cocoanuts with the large claw. They
chiefly inhabit the tropical islands of the Pacific and Indian
Oceans, living in holes and feeding upon fruit. Called also palm
crab.
 -- Purse net, a fishing net, the mouth of which may be closed or
drawn together like a purse. Mortimer. Purse pride, pride of money;
insolence proceeding from the possession of wealth. Bp. Hall.
 -- Purse rat. (Zoöl.) See Pocket gopher, under Pocket.
 -- Sword and purse, the military power and financial resources of a
nation.

PURSE
Purse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pursed; p. pr. & vb. n. Pursing.]

1. To put into a purse.
I will go and purse the ducats straight. Shak.

2. To draw up or contract into folds or wrinkles, like the mouth of a
purse; to pucker; to knit.
Thou . . . didst contract and purse thy brow. Shak.

PURSE
Purse, v. i.

Defn: To steal purses; to rob. [Obs. & R.]
I'll purse: . . . I'll bet at bowling alleys. Beau. & Fl.

PURSEFUL
Purse"ful, n.; pl. Pursefuls (.

Defn: All that is, or can be, contained in a purse; enough to fill a
purse.

PURSE-PROUD
Purse"-proud`, a.

Defn: Affected with purse pride; puffed up with the possession of
riches.

PURSER
Purs"er, n. Etym: [See Purse, and cf. Bursar.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A commissioned officer in the navy who had charge of the
provisions, clothing, and public moneys on shipboard; -- now called
paymaster.

2. A clerk on steam passenger vessels whose duty it is to keep the
accounts of the vessels, such as the receipt of freight, tickets,
etc.

3. Colloquially, any paymaster or cashier. Purser's name (Naut.), a
false name. [Slang]

PURSERSHIP
Purs"er*ship, n.

Defn: The office of purser. Totten.

PURSET
Purs"et, n.

Defn: A purse or purse net. B. Jonson.

PURSINESS
Pur"si*ness, n.

Defn: State of being pursy.

PURSIVE
Pur"sive, a.

Defn: Pursy. [Obs.] Holland.

PURSIVENESS
Pur"sive*ness, n.

Defn: Pursiness. [Obs. & R.]

PURSLAIN
Purs"lain, n.

Defn: Same as Purslane.

PURSLANE
Purs"lane, n. Etym: [OF. porcelaine, pourcelaine (cf. It.
porcellana), corrupted fr. L. porcilaca for portulaca.] (Bot.)

Defn: An annual plant (Portulaca oleracea), with fleshy, succulent,
obovate leaves, sometimes used as a pot herb and for salads,
garnishing, and pickling. Flowering purslane, or Great flowered
purslane, the Portulaca grandiflora. See Portulaca.
 -- Purslane tree, a South African shrub (Portulacaria Afra) with
many small opposite fleshy obovate leaves.
 -- Sea purslane, a seashore plant (Arenaria peploides) with crowded
opposite fleshy leaves.
 -- Water purslane, an aquatic plant (Ludwiqia palustris) but
slightly resembling purslane.

PURSUABLE
Pur*su"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being, or fit to be, pursued, followed, or
prosecuted. Sherwood.

PURSUAL
Pur*su"al, n.

Defn: The act of pursuit. [R.]

PURSUANCE
Pur*su"ance, n. Etym: [See Pursuant.]

1. The act of pursuing or prosecuting; a following out or after.
Sermons are not like curious inquiries after new nothings, but
pursuances of old truths. Jer. Taylor.

2. The state of being pursuant; consequence. In pursuance of, in
accordance with; in prosecution or fulfillment of.

PURSUANT
Pur*su"ant, a. Etym: [From Pursue: cf. OE. poursuiant. Cf.
Pursuivant.]

Defn: Acting in consequence or in prosecution (of anything); hence,
agreeable; conformable; following; according; -- with to or of.
The conclusion which I draw from these premises, pursuant to the
query laid down, is, etc. Waterland.

PURSUANT; PURSUANTLY
Pur*su"ant, Pur*su"ant*ly, adv.

Defn: Agreeably; conformably.

PURSUE
Pur*sue", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pursued; p. pr. & vb. n. Pursuing.]
Etym: [OE. pursuen, porsuen, OF. porsivre, poursuivre, poursuir, F.
poursuivre, fr. L. prosequi; pro forward + sequi to follow. See Sue,
and cf. Prosecute, Pursuivant.]

1. To follow with a view to overtake; to follow eagerly, or with
haste; to chase; as, to pursue a hare.
We happiness pursue; we fly from pain. Prior.
The happiness of men lies in purswing, Not in possessing. Longfellow.

2. To seek; to use or adopt measures to obtain; as, to pursue a
remedy at law.
The fame of ancient matrons you pursue. Dryden.

3. To proceed along, with a view to some and or object; to follow; to
go in; as, Captain Cook pursued a new route; the administration
pursued a wise course.

4. To prosecute; to be engaged in; to continue. " Insatiate to pursue
vain war." Milton.

5. To follow as an example; to imitate.

6. To follow with enmity; to persecute; to call to account.
The servant is not greater than his lord. If they have pursued me,
they shall pursue you also. Wyclif (John xv. 20).

Syn.
 -- To follow; chase; seek; persist. See Follow.

PURSUE
Pur*sue", v. i.

1. To go in pursuit; to follow.
The wicked flee when no man pursueth. Prov. xxviii. 1.
Men hotly pursued after the objects of their ambition. Earle.

2. To go on; to proceed, especially in argument or discourse; to
continue.

Note: [A Gallicism]
I have, pursues Carneades, wondered chemists should not consider.
Boyle.

3. (Law)

Defn: To follow a matter judicially, as a complaining party; to act
as a prosecutor. Burrill.

PURSUER
Pur*su"er, n.

1. One who pursues or chases; one who follows in haste, with a view
to overtake.

2. (Eccl. & Scots Law)

Defn: A plaintiff; a prosecutor.

PURSUIT
Pur*suit", n. Etym: [F. poursuite, fr. poursuivre. See Pursue, v. t.]

1. The act of following or going after; esp., a following with haste,
either for sport or in hostility; chase; prosecution; as, the pursuit
of game; the pursuit of an enemy. Clarendon.
Weak we are, and can not shun pursuit. Shak.

2. A following with a view to reach, accomplish, or obtain; endeavor
to attain to or gain; as, the pursuit of knowledge; the pursuit of
happiness or pleasure.

3. Course of business or occupation; continued employment with a view
to same end; as, mercantile pursuits; a literary pursuit.

4. (Law)

Defn: Prosecution. [Obs.]
That pursuit for tithes ought, and of ancient time did pertain to the
spiritual court. Fuller.
Curve of pursuit (Geom.), a curve described by a point which is at
each instant moving towards a second point, which is itself moving
according to some specified law.

PURSUIVANT
Pur"sui*vant, n. Etym: [F. poursuivant, fr. poursuivre. See Pursue,
and cf. Pursuant.] [Written also poursuivant.]

1. (Heralds' College)

Defn: A functionary of lower rank than a herald, but discharging
similar duties; -- called also pursuivant at arms; an attendant of
the heralds. Also used figuratively.
The herald Hope, forerunning Fear, And Fear, the pursuivant of Hope.
Longfellow.

2. The king's messenger; a state messenger.
One pursuivant who attempted to execute a warrant there was murdered.
Macaulay.

PURSUIVANT
Pur"sui*vant, v. t.

Defn: To pursue. [Obs. & R.]
Their navy was pursuivanted after with a horrible tempest. Fuller.

PURSY
Pur"sy, a. Etym: [OF. pourcif, poulsif, poussif, fr. pousser to push,
thrust, heave, OF. also poulser: cf. F. pousse the heaves, asthma.
See Push.]

Defn: Fat and short-breathed; fat, short, and thick; swelled with
pampering; as, pursy insolence. Shak.
Pursy important he sat him down. Sir W. Scot.

PURTENANCE
Pur"te*nance, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. appurtenance.]

Defn: That which pertains or belongs to something; esp., the heard,
liver, and lungs of an animal. [Obs.] " The purtenaunces of
purgatory." Piers Plowman.
Roast [it] with fire, his head with his legs, and with the purtenance
[Rev. Ver., inwards] thereof. Ex. xii. 9.

PURULENCE; PURULENCY
Pu"ru*lence, Pu"ru*len*cy, n. Etym: [L. purulentia: cf. F.
purulence.] (Med.)

Defn: The quality or state of being purulent; the generation of pus;
also, the pus itself. Arbuthnot.

PURULENT
Pu"ru*lent, a. Etym: [L. purulentus, fr. pus, puris, pus, matter: cf.
F. purulent. See Pus.] (Med.)

Defn: Consisting of pus, or matter; partaking of the nature of pus;
attended with suppuration; as, purulent inflammation.

PURULENTLY
Pu"ru*lent*ly, v.

Defn: In a purulent manner.

PURVEANCE; PURVEIAUNCE
Pur"ve*ance, Pur"vei*aunce`, n.

Defn: Purveyance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PURVEY
Pur*vey", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purveyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Purveying.]
Etym: [OE. purveien, porveien, OF. porveeir, porveoir, F. pourvoir,
fr. L. providere. See Provide, and cf. Purview.]

1. To furnish or provide, as with a convenience, provisions, or the
like.
Give no odds to your foes, but do purvey Yourself of sword before
that bloody day. Spenser.

2. To procure; to get.
I mean to purvey me a wife after the fashion of the children of
Benjamin. Sir W. Scot.

PURVEY
Pur*vey", v. i.

1. To purchase provisions; to provide; to make provision. Chaucer.
Milton.

2. To pander; -- with to. " Their turpitude purveys to their malice."
[R.] Burke.

PURVEYANCE
Pur*vey"ance, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pourvoyance.]

1. The act or process of providing or procuring; providence;
foresight; preparation; management. Chaucer.
The ill purveyance of his page. Spenser.

2. That which is provided; provisions; food.

3. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A providing necessaries for the sovereign by buying them at an
appraised value in preference to all others, and oven without the
owner's consent. This was formerly a royal prerogative, but has long
been abolished. Wharton.

PURVEYOR
Pur*vey"or, n. Etym: [OE. porveour, OF. pourveor, F. pourvoyeur. See
Purvey, and cf. Proveditor.]

1. One who provides victuals, or whose business is to make provision
for the table; a victualer; a caterer.

2. An officer who formerly provided, or exacted provision, for the
king's household. [Eng.]

3. a procurer; a pimp; a bawd. Addison.

PURVIEW
Pur"view, n. Etym: [OF. purveu, pourveu, F. pourvu, provided, p. p.
of OF. porveoir, F. pourvoir. See Purvey, View, and cf. Proviso.]

1.
(a) (Law) The body of a statute, or that part which begins with " Be
it enacted, " as distinguished from the preamble. Cowell. (b) Hence:

Defn: The limit or scope of a statute; the whole extent of its
intention or provisions. Marshall.
Profanations within the purview of several statutes. Bacon.

2. Limit or sphere of authority; scope; extent.
In determining the extent of information required in the exercise of
a particular authority, recourse must be had to the objects within
the purview of that authority. Madison.

PUS
Pus, n. Etym: [L., akin to Gr. foul: cf. F. pus. See Foul, a.] (Med.)

Defn: The yellowish white opaque creamy matter produced by the
process of suppuration. It consists of innumerable white nucleated
cells floating in a clear liquid.

PUSANE
Pu"sane, n. (Anc. Armor)

Defn: A piece of armor for the breast; often, an addition to, or
reënforcement of. the breastplate; -- called also pesane.

PUSEYISM
Pu"sey*ism, n. (Ch. of Eng.)

Defn: The principles of Dr. Pusey and others at Oxford, England, as
exhibited in various publications, esp. in a series which appeared
from 1833 to 1841, designated " Tracts for the Times;" tractarianism.
See Tractarianism.

PUSEYISTIC; PUSEYITE
Pu"sey*is"tic, Pu"sey*ite, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Puseyism.

PUSEYITE
Pu"sey*ite, n.

Defn: One who holds the principles of Puseyism; -- often used
opprobriously.

PUSH
Push, n. Etym: [Probably F. poche. See Pouch.]

Defn: A pustule; a pimple. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Bacon.

PUSH
Push, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pushed; p. pr. & vb. n. Pushing.] Etym:
[OE. possen, pussen, F. pousser, fr. L. pulsare, v. intens. fr.
pellere, pulsum, to beat, knock, push. See Pulse a beating, and cf.
Pursy.]

1. To press against with force; to drive or impel by pressure; to
endeavor to drive by steady pressure, without striking; -- opposed to
draw.
Sidelong had pushed a mountain from his seat. Milton.

2. To thrust the points of the horns against; to gore.
If the ox shall push a manservant or maidservant, . . . the ox shall
be stoned. Ex. xxi. 32.

3. To press or urge forward; to drive; to push an objection too far.
" To push his fortune." Dryden.
Ambition pushes the soul to such actions as are apt to procure honor
to the actor. Spectator.
We are pushed for an answer. Swift.

4. To bear hard upon; to perplex; to embarrass.

5. To importune; to press with solicitation; to tease. To push down,
to overthrow by pushing or impulse.

PUSH
Push, v. i.

1. To make a thrust; to shove; as, to push with the horns or with a
sword. Shak.

2. To make an advance, attack, or effort; to be energetic; as, a man
must push in order to succeed.
At the time of the end shall the kind of the south push at him and
the king of the north shall come against him. Dan. xi. 40.
War seemed asleep for nine long years; at length Both sides resolved
to push, we tried our strength. Dryden.

3. To burst pot, as a bud or shoot. To push on, to drive or urge
forward; to hasten.
The rider pushed on at a rapid pace. Sir W. Scott.

PUSH
Push, n.

1. A thrust with a pointed instrument, or with the end of a thing.

2. Any thrust. pressure, impulse, or force, or force applied; a
shove; as, to give the ball the first push.

3. An assault or attack; an effort; an attempt; hence, the time or
occasion for action.
Exact reformation is not perfected at the first push. Milton.
hen it comes to the push, tic no more than talk. L' Estrange.

4. The faculty of overcoming obstacles; aggressive energy; as, he has
push, or he has no push. [Colloq.]

Syn.
 -- See Thrust.

PUSH BUTTON
Push button. (Elec.)

Defn: A simple device, resembling a button in form, so arranged that
pushing it closes an electric circuit, as of an electric bell.

PUSHER
Push"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, pushes.

PUSHING
Push"ing, a.

Defn: Pressing forward in business; enterprising; driving; energetic;
also, forward; officious, intrusive.
 -- Push"ing*ly, adv.

PUSHPIN
Push"pin`, n.

Defn: A child's game played with pins. L. Estrange.

PUSIL
Pu"sil, a. Etym: [L. pusillus very little.]

Defn: Very small; little; petty. [Obs.] Bacon.

PUSILLANIMITY
Pu`sil*la*nim"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. pusillanimitas: cf. F.
pusillanimité.]

Defn: The quality of being pusillanimous; weakness of spirit;
cowardliness.
The badge of pusillanimity and cowardice. Shak.
It is obvious to distinguished between an act of . . . pusillanimity
and an act of great modesty or humility. South.

Syn.
 -- Cowardliness; cowardice; fear; timidity.

PUSILLANIMOUS
Pu`sil*lan"i*mous, a. Etym: [L. pusillannimis; pusillus very little
(dim. of pusus a little boy; cf. puer a boy, E. puerile) + animus the
mind: cf. F. pusillanime. See Animosity.]

1. Destitute of a manly or courageous strength and firmness of mind;
of weak spirit; mean-spirited; spiritless; cowardly; -- said of
persons, as, a pussillanimous prince.

2. Evincing, or characterized by, weakness of mind, and want of
courage; feeble; as, pusillanimous counsels. "A low and pusillanimous
spirit." Burke.

Syn.
 -- Cowardly; dastardly; mean-spirited; fainthearted; timid; weak;
feeble.

PUSILLANIMOUSLY
Pu`sil*lan"i*mous*ly, adv.

Defn: With pusillanimity.

PUSLEY
Pus"ley, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Purslane. [Colloq. U. S]

PUSS
Puss (puss), n. Etym: [Cf. D. poes, Ir. & Gael. pus.]

1. A cat; -- a fondling appellation.

2. A hare; -- so called by sportsmen. Puss in the corner, a game in
which all the players but one occupy corners of a room, or certain
goals in the open air, and exchange places, the one without a corner
endeavoring to get a corner while it is vacant, leaving some other
without one.
 -- Puss moth (Zoöl.), any one of several species of stout bombycid
moths belonging to Cerura, Harpyia, and allied genera, esp. Harpyia
vinuli, of Europe. The larvæ are humpbacked, and have two caudal
appendages.

PUSSY
Pussy, n. Etym: [Dim. of puss.]

1. A pet name for a cat; also, an endearing name for a girl.

2. A catkin of the pussy willow.

3. The game of tipcat; -- also called pussy cat. Pussy willow (Bot.),
any kind of willow having large cylindrical catkins clothed with long
glossy hairs, especially the American Salix discolor; -- called also
glaucous willow, and swamp willow.

PUSSY
Pus"sy, a.

Defn: See Pursy. [Colloq. or Low]

PUSTULANT
Pus"tu*lant, a. Etym: [L. pustulans, p. pr. See Pustulate, v. t.]
(Med.)

Defn: Producing pustules.
 -- n.

Defn: A medicine that produces pustules, as croton oil.

PUSTULAR
Pus"tu*lar, a.

Defn: 1. Of or pertaining to pustules; as, pustular prominences;
pustular eruptions.

2. Covered with pustulelike prominences; pustulate.

PUSTULATE
Pus"tu*late, v. t. Etym: [L. pustulatus, p. p. of pustulare to
blister, fr. pustula. See Pustule.]

Defn: To form into pustules, or blisters.

PUSTULATE; PUSTULATED
Pus"tu*late, Pus"tu*la`ted, a.

Defn: Covered with pustulelike prominences; pustular; pustulous; as,
a pustulate leaf; a pustulate shell or coral.

PUSTULATION
Pus*tu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. pustulatio.]

Defn: The act of producing pustules; the state of being pustulated.

PUSTULE
Pus"tule, n. Etym: [L. pustula, and pusula: cf. F. pustule.] (Med.)

Defn: A vesicle or an elevation of the cuticle with an inflamed base,
containing pus. Malignant pustule. See under Malignant.

PUSTULOUS
Pus"tu*lous, a. Etym: [L. pustulosus, fr. pustula a pustule: cf. F.
pustuleux.]

Defn: Resembling, or covered with, pustules; pustulate; pustular.

PUT
Put, n. Etym: [See Pit.]

Defn: A pit. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PUT
Put, obs.

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Put, contracted from putteth. Chaucer.

PUT
Put, n. Etym: [Cf. W. pwt any short thing, pwt o ddyn a squab of a
person, pwtog a short, thick woman.]

Defn: A rustic; a clown; an awkward or uncouth person.
Queer country puts extol Queen Bess's reign. Bramston.
What droll puts the citizens seem in it all. F. Harrison.

PUT
Put, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Put; p. pr. & vb. n. Putting.] Etym: [AS.
potian to thrust: cf. Dan. putte to put, to put into, Fries. putje;
perh. akin to W. pwtio to butt, poke, thrust; cf. also Gael. put to
push, thrust, and E. potter, v. i.]

1. To move in any direction; to impel; to thrust; to push; -- nearly
obsolete, except with adverbs, as with by (to put by = to thrust
aside; to divert); or with forth (to put forth = to thrust out).
His chief designs are . . . to put thee by from thy spiritual
employment. Jer. Taylor.

2. To bring to a position or place; to place; to lay; to set;
figuratively, to cause to be or exist in a specified relation,
condition, or the like; to bring to a stated mental or moral
condition; as, to put one in fear; to put a theory in practice; to
put an enemy to fight.
This present dignity, In which that I have put you. Chaucer.
I will put enmity between thee and the woman. Gen. iii. 15.
He put no trust in his servants. Job iv. 18.
When God into the hands of their deliverer Puts invincible might.
Milton.
In the mean time other measures were put in operation. Sparks.

3. To attach or attribute; to assign; as, to put a wrong construction
on an act or expression.

4. To lay down; to give up; to surrender. [Obs.]
No man hath more love than this, that a man put his life for his
friends. Wyclif (John xv. 13).

5. To set before one for judgment, acceptance, or rejection; to bring
to the attention; to offer; to state; to express; figuratively, to
assume; to suppose; -- formerly sometimes followed by that
introducing a proposition; as, to put a question; to put a case.
Let us now put that ye have leave. Chaucer.
Put the perception and you put the mind. Berkeley.
These verses, originally Greek, were put in Latin. Milton.
All this is ingeniously and ably put. Hare.

6. To incite; to entice; to urge; to constrain; to oblige.
These wretches put us upon all mischief. Swift.
Put me not use the carnal weapon in my own defense. Sir W. Scott.
Thank him who puts me, loath, to this revenge. Milton.

7. To throw or cast with a pushing motion "overhand," the hand being
raised from the shoulder; a practice in athletics; as, to put the
shot or weight.

8. (Mining)

Defn: To convey coal in the mine, as from the working to the tramway.
Raymond. Put case, formerly, an elliptical expression for, put or
suppose the case to be.
Put case that the soul after departure from the body may live. Bp.
Hall.
-- To put about (Naut.), to turn, or change the course of, as a ship.
 -- To put away. (a) To renounce; to discard; to expel. (b) To
divorce.
 -- To put back. (a) To push or thrust backwards; hence, to hinder;
to delay. (b) To refuse; to deny.
Coming from thee, I could not put him back. Shak.
(c) To set, as the hands of a clock, to an earlier hour. (d) To
restore to the original place; to replace.
 -- To put by. (a) To turn, set, or thrust, aside. "Smiling put the
question by." Tennyson. (b) To lay aside; to keep; to sore up; as, to
put by money.
 -- To put down. (a) To lay down; to deposit; to set down. (b) To
lower; to diminish; as, to put down prices. (c) To deprive of
position or power; to put a stop to; to suppress; to abolish; to
confute; as, to put down rebellion of traitors.
Mark, how a plain tale shall put you down. Shak.
Sugar hath put down the use of honey. Bacon.
(d) To subscribe; as, to put down one's name.
 -- To put forth. (a) To thrust out; to extend, as the hand; to cause
to come or push out; as, a tree puts forth leaves. (b) To make
manifest; to develop; also, to bring into action; to exert; as, to
put forth strength. (c) To propose, as a question, a riddle, and the
like. (d) To publish, as a book.
 -- To put forward. (a) To advance to a position of prominence
responsibility; to promote. (b) To cause to make progress; to aid.
(c) To set, as the hands of a clock, to a later hour.
 -- To put in. (a) To introduce among others; to insert; sometimes,
to introduce with difficulty; as, to put in a word while others are
discoursing. (b) (Naut.) To conduct into a harbor, as a ship. (c)
(Law) To place in due form before a court; to place among the records
of a court. Burrill. (d) (Med.) To restore, as a dislocated part, to
its place.
 -- To put off. (a) To lay aside; to discard; as, to put off a robe;
to put off mortality. "Put off thy shoes from off thy feet." Ex. iii.
5. (b) To turn aside; to elude; to disappoint; to frustrate; to
baffle.
I hoped for a demonstration, but Themistius hoped to put me off with
an harangue. Boyle.
We might put him off with this answer. Bentley.
(c) To delay; to defer; to postpone; as, to put off repentance. (d)
To get rid of; to dispose of; especially, to pass fraudulently; as,
to put off a counterfeit note, or an ingenious theory. (e) To push
from land; as, to put off a boat.
 -- To put on or upon. (a) To invest one's self with, as clothes; to
assume. "Mercury . . . put on the shape of a man." L'Estrange. (b) To
impute (something) to; to charge upon; as, to put blame on or upon
another. (c) To advance; to promote. [Obs.] "This came handsomely to
put on the peace." Bacon. (d) To impose; to inflict. "That which thou
puttest on me, will I bear." 2 Kings xviii. 14. (e) To apply; as, to
put on workmen; to put on steam. (f) To deceive; to trick. "The stork
found he was put upon." L'Estrange. (g) To place upon, as a means or
condition; as, he put him upon bread and water. "This caution will
put them upon considering." Locke. (h) (Law) To rest upon; to submit
to; as, a defendant puts himself on or upon the country. Burrill.
 -- To put out. (a) To eject; as, to put out and intruder. (b) To put
forth; to shoot, as a bud, or sprout. (c) To extinguish; as, to put
out a candle, light, or fire. (d) To place at interest; to loan; as,
to put out funds. (e) To provoke, as by insult; to displease; to vex;
as, he was put out by my reply. [Colloq.] (f) To protrude; to stretch
forth; as, to put out the hand. (g) To publish; to make public; as,
to put out a pamphlet. (h) To confuse; to disconcert; to interrupt;
as, to put one out in reading or speaking. (i) (Law) To open; as, to
put out lights, that is, to open or cut windows. Burrill. (j) (Med.)
To place out of joint; to dislocate; as, to put out the ankle. (k) To
cause to cease playing, or to prevent from playing longer in a
certain inning, as in base ball.
 -- To put over. (a) To place (some one) in authority over; as, to
put a general over a division of an army. (b) To refer.
For the certain knowledge of that knowledge of that truthput you o'er
to heaven and to my mother. Shak.
(c) To defer; to postpone; as, the court put over the cause to the
next term. (d) To transfer (a person or thing) across; as, to put one
over the river.
 -- To put the hand to or unto. (a) To take hold of, as of an
instrument of labor; as, to put the hand to the plow; hence, to
engage in (any task or affair); as, to put one's hand to the work.
(b) To take or seize, as in theft. "He hath not put his hand unto his
neighbor's goods." Ex. xxii. 11.
 -- To put through, to cause to go through all conditions or stages
of a progress; hence, to push to completion; to accomplish; as, he
put through a measure of legislation; he put through a railroad
enterprise. [U.S.] -- To put to. (a) To add; to unite; as, to put one
sum to another. (b) To refer to; to expose; as, to put the safety of
the state to hazard. "That dares not put it to the touch." Montrose.
(c) To attach (something) to; to harness beasts to. Dickens.
 -- To put to a stand, to stop; to arrest by obstacles or
difficulties.
 -- To put to bed. (a) To undress and place in bed, as a child. (b)
To deliver in, or to make ready for, childbirth.
 -- To put to death, to kill.
 -- To put together, to attach; to aggregate; to unite in one.
 -- To put this and that (or two and two) together, to draw an
inference; to form a correct conclusion.
 -- To put to it, to distress; to press hard; to perplex; to give
difficulty to. "O gentle lady, do not put me to 't." Shak.
 -- To put to rights, to arrange in proper order; to settle or
compose rightly.
 -- To put to the sword, to kill with the sword; to slay.
 -- To put to trial, or on trial, to bring to a test; to try.
 -- To put trust in, to confide in; to repose confidence in.
 -- To put up. (a) To pass unavenged; to overlook; not to punish or
resent; to put up with; as, to put up indignities. [Obs.] "Such
national injuries are not to be put up." Addison. (b) To send forth
or upward; as, to put up goods for sale. (d) To start from a cover,
as game. "She has been frightened; she has been put up." C. Kingsley.
(e) To hoard. "Himself never put up any of the rent." Spelman. (f) To
lay side or preserve; to pack away; to store; to pickle; as, to put
up pork, beef, or fish. (g) To place out of sight, or away; to put in
its proper place; as, put up that letter. Shak. (h) To incite; to
instigate; -- followed by to; as, he put the lad up to mischief. (i)
To raise; to erect; to build; as, to put up a tent, or a house. (j)
To lodge; to entertain; as, to put up travelers.
 -- To put up a job, to arrange a plot. [Slang]

Syn.
 -- To place; set; lay; cause; produce; propose; state.
 -- Put, Lay, Place, Set. These words agree in the idea of fixing the
position of some object, and are often used interchangeably. To put
is the least definite, denoting merely to move to a place. To place
has more particular reference to the precise location, as to put with
care in a certain or proper place. To set or to lay may be used when
there is special reference to the position of the object.

PUT
Put (put; often pût in def. 3), v. i.

1. To go or move; as, when the air first puts up. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. To steer; to direct one's course; to go.
His fury thus appeased, he puts to land. Dryden.

3. To play a card or a hand in the game called put. To put about
(Naut.), to change direction; to tack.
 -- To put back (Naut.), to turn back; to return. "The French . . .
had put back to Toulon." Southey.
 -- To put forth. (a) To shoot, bud, or germinate. "Take earth from
under walls where nettles put forth." Bacon. (b) To leave a port or
haven, as a ship. Shak.
 -- To put in (Naut.), to enter a harbor; to sail into port.
 -- To put in for. (a) To make a request or claim; as, to put in for
a share of profits. (b) To go into covert; -- said of a bird escaping
from a hawk. (c) To offer one's self; to stand as a candidate for.
Locke.
 -- To put off, to go away; to depart; esp., to leave land, as a
ship; to move from the shore.
 -- To put on, to hasten motion; to drive vehemently.
 -- To put over (Naut.), to sail over or across.
 -- To put to sea (Naut.), to set sail; to begin a voyage; to advance
into the ocean.
 -- To put up. (a) To take lodgings; to lodge. (b) To offer one's
self as a candidate. L'Estrange.
 -- To put up to, to advance to. [Obs.] "With this he put up to my
lord." Swift.
 -- To put up with. (a) To overlook, or suffer without recompense,
punishment, or resentment; as, to put up with an injury or affront.
(b) To take without opposition or expressed dissatisfaction; to
endure; as, to put up with bad fare.

PUT
Put, n.

1. The act of putting; an action; a movement; a thrust; a push; as,
the put of a ball. "A forced put." L'Estrange.

2. A certain game at cards. Young.

3. A privilege which one party buys of another to "put" (deliver) to
him a certain amount of stock, grain, etc., at a certain price and
date. [Brokers' Cant]
A put and a call may be combined in one instrument, the holder of
which may either buy or sell as he chooses at the fixed price.
Johnson's Cyc.

PUT
Put, n. Etym: [OF. pute.]

Defn: A prostitute. [Obs.]

PUTAGE
Pu"tage (; 48), n. Etym: [OF. putage.]

Defn: Prostitution or fornication on the part of a woman.

PUTAMEN
Pu*ta"men, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: The shell of a nut; the stone of a drupe fruit. See Endocarp.

PUTANISM
Pu"tan*ism, n. Etym: [F. putanisme, fr. putain harlot.]

Defn: Habitual lewdness or prostitution of a woman; harlotry.

PUTATIVE
Pu"ta*tive, a. Etym: [L. putativus, fr. putare, putatum, to reckon,
suppose, adjust, prune, cleanse. See Pure, and cf. Amputate, Compute,
Dispute, Impute.]

Defn: Commonly thought or deemed; supposed; reputed; as, the putative
father of a child. "His other putative (I dare not say feigned)
friends." E. Hall.
Thus things indifferent, being esteemed useful or pious, became
customary, and then came for reverence into a putative and usurped
authority. Jer. Taylor.

PUTCHUCK
Put*chuck", n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Pachak.

PUTEAL
Pu"te*al, n. Etym: [L., fr. puteus well.] (Arch.)

Defn: An inclosure surrounding a well to prevent persons from falling
into it; a well curb. Weale.

PUTELI
Put"e*li, n.

Defn: Same as Patela.

PUTERY
Pu"ter*y, n. Etym: [OF. puterie.]

Defn: Putage. [Obs.]

PUTID
Pu"tid, a. Etym: [L. putidus: cf. F. putide. Cf. Putrid.]

Defn: Rotten; fetid; stinking; base; worthless. Jer. Taylor. "Thy
putid muse." Dr. H. More.

PUTIDITY; PUTIDNESS
Pu*tid"i*ty, Pu"tid*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being putrid.

PUTLOG
Put"log`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: One of the short pieces of timber on which the planks forming
the floor of a scaffold are laid, -- one end resting on the ledger of
the scaffold, and the other in a hole left in the wall temporarily
for the purpose. Oxf. Gloss.

PUT-OFF
Put"-off`, n.

Defn: A shift for evasion or delay; an evasion; an excuse.
L'Estrange.

PUTOUR
Pu"tour, n. Etym: [See Put a prostitute.]

Defn: A keeper of a brothel; a procurer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PUTREDINOUS
Pu*tred"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. putredo rottenness, fr. putrere to be
rotten. See Putrid.]

Defn: Proceeding from putrefaction, or partaking of the putrefactive
process; having an offensive smell; stinking; rotten.

PUTREFACTION
Pu`tre*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. putrefactio: cf. F. putréfaction. See
Putrefy.]

1. The act or the process of putrefying; the offensive decay of
albuminous or other matter.

Note: Putrefaction is a complex phenomenon involving a multiplicity
of chemical reactions, always accompanied by, and without doubt
caused by, bacteria and vibriones; hence, putrefaction is a form of
fermentation, and is sometimes called putrefaction fermentative.
Putrefaction is not possible under conditions that preclude the
development of living organisms. Many of the products of putrefaction
are powerful poisons, and are called cadaveric poisons, or ptomaïnes.

2. The condition of being putrefied; also, that which putrefied.
"Putrefaction's breath." Shelley.

PUTREFACTIVE
Pu`tre*fac"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. putréfactif. See Putrefy.]

1. Of or pertaining to putrefaction; as, the putrefactive smell or
process. Wiseman.

2. Causing, or tending to promote, putrefaction.
 -- Pu``tre*fac"tive*ness, n.

PUTREFY
Pu"tre*fy, v. t. [Written also putrify.] [imp. & p. p. Putrefied (;
p. pr. & vb. n. Putrefying (.] Etym: [F. putréfier; L. putrere to be
rotten + -ficare (in. comp.) to make; cf. L. putrefacere. See Putrid,
and -fy.]

1. To render putrid; to cause to decay offensively; to cause to be
decomposed; to cause to rot.

2. To corrupt; to make foul.
Private suits do putrefy the public good. Bacon.
They would but stink, and putrefy the air. Shak.

3. To make morbid, carious, or gangrenous; as, to putrefy an ulcer or
wound.

PUTREFY
Pu"tre*fy, v. i.

Defn: To become putrid; to decay offensively; to rot. Isa. 1. 6.

PUTRESCE
Pu*tresce", v. i. [See Putrescent.]

Defn: To become putrescent or putrid; to putrefy.

Ordinarily sewage does not putresce until from twenty-four to sixty
hours after its discharge.
Nature.

PUTRESCENCE
Pu*tres"cence, n.

Defn: The state of being putrescent; putrescent matter.

PUTRESCENT
Pu*tres"cent, a. Etym: [L. putrescens, p. pr.of putrescere to grow
rotten, v. incho. fr. putrere to be rotten. See Putrid.]

1. Becoming putrid or rotten.
Externally powerful, although putrescent at the core. Motley.

2. Of or pertaining to the process of putrefaction; as, a putrescent
smell.

PUTRESCIBLE
Pu*tres"ci*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of putrefaction; liable to become putrid; as,
putrescible substances.

PUTRESCIBLE
Pu*tres"ci*ble, n.

Defn: A substance, usually nitrogenous, which is liable to undergo
decomposition when in contact with air and moisture at ordinary
temperatures.

PUTRESCIN
Pu*tres"cin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A nontoxic diamine, C4H12N2, formed in the putrefaction of the
flesh of mammals and some other animals.

PUTRID
Pu"trid, a. Etym: [L. putridus, fr. putrere to be rotten, fr.puter,
or putris, rotten, fr. putere to stink, to be rotten: cf. F. putride.
See Pus, Foul, a.]

1. Tending to decomposition or decay; decomposed; rotten; -- said of
animal or vegetable matter; as, putrid flesh. See Putrefaction.

2. Indicating or proceeding from a decayed state of animal or
vegetable matter; as, a putrid smell. Putrid fever (Med.), typhus
fever; -- so called from the decomposing and offensive state of the
discharges and diseased textures of the body.
 -- Putrid sore throat (Med.), a gangrenous inflammation of the
fauces and pharynx.

PUTRIDITY
Pu*trid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. putridité.]

Defn: The quality of being putrid; putrefaction; rottenness.

PUTRIDNESS
Pu"trid*ness, n.

Defn: Putridity. Floyer.

PUTRIFACTED
Pu"tri*fac`ted, a. Etym: [See Putrefy.]

Defn: Putrefied. [Obs.]
What vermin bred of putrifacted slime. Marston.

PUTRIFICATION
Pu`tri*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Putrefaction.

PUTRIFY
Pu"tri*fy, v. t. & i.

Defn: To putrefy.

PUTRILAGE
Pu"tri*lage, n. Etym: [F. putrilage, L. putrilago putrefaction.]

Defn: That which is undergoing putrefaction; the products of
putrefaction.

PUTRY
Pu"try, a.

Defn: Putrid. [Obs.] Marston.

PUTRY
Pu"try, n.

Defn: Putage. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PUTT
Putt, n. [Cf. Put, v. t.] (Golf)

Defn: A stroke made on the putting green to play the ball into a
hole.

PUTT
Putt, v. i. (Golf)

Defn: To make a putt.

PUTTEE
Put"tee, n.

Defn: Same as Putty, a kind of gaiter.

PUTTER
Put"ter, n.

1. One who puts or plates.

2. Specifically, one who pushes the small wagons in a coal mine, and
the like. [Prov. Eng.]

PUTTER
Put"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puttered; p. pr. & vb. n. Puttering.]
Etym: [See Potter.]

Defn: To act inefficiently or idly; to trifle; to potter.

PUTTER-ON
Put"ter-on`, n.

Defn: An instigator. Shak.

PUTTIER
Put"ti*er, n.

Defn: One who putties; a glazier.

PUTTING
Put"ting, n.

Defn: The throwing of a heavy stone, shot, etc., with the hand raised
or extended from the shoulder; -- originally, a Scottish game.
Putting stone, a heavy stone used in the game of putting.

PUTTING GREEN
Putt"ing green. (Golf)

Defn: The green, or plot of smooth turf, surrounding a hole. "The
term putting green shall mean the ground within twenty yards of the
hole, excepting hazards."  Golf Rules.

PUTTOCK
Put"tock, n. Etym: [Cf. Pout a young bird, Poult.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The European kite.
(b) The buzzard.
(c) The marsh harrier. [Prov. Eng.]

PUTTOCK
Put"tock, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Futtock. [Obs.]

PUTTY
Put"ty, n. Etym: [F. potée, fr. pot pot; what was formerly called
putty being a substance resembling what is now called putty powder,
and in part made of the metal of old pots. See Pot.]

Defn: A kind of thick paste or cement compounded of whiting, or soft
carbonate of lime, and linseed oil, when applied beaten or kneaded to
the consistence of dough, -- used in fastening glass in sashes,
stopping crevices, and for similar purposes. Putty powder, an oxide
of tin, or of tin and lead in various proportions, much used in
polishing glass, metal, precious stones, etc.

PUTTY
Put"ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Puttied; p. pr. & vb. n. Puttying.]

Defn: To cement, or stop, with putty.

PUTTY-FACED
Put"ty-faced`, a.

Defn: White-faced; -- used contemptuously. Clarke.

PUTTYROOT
Put"ty*root`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An American orchidaceous plant (Aplectrum hyemale) which
flowers in early summer. Its slender naked rootstock produces each
year a solid corm, filled with exceedingly glutinous matter, which
sends up later a single large oval evergreen plaited leaf. Called
also Adam-and-Eve.

PUT-UP
Put"-up, a.

Defn: Arranged; plotted; -- in a bad sense; as, a put-up job.
[Colloq.]

PUY
Pu"y, n.

Defn: See Poy.

PUZZEL
Puz"zel, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pucelle a virgin.]

Defn: A harlot; a drab; a hussy. [Obs.] Shak.

PUZZLE
Puz"zle, n. Etym: [For opposal, in the sense of problem. See Oppose,
Pose, v.]

1. Something which perplexes or embarrasses; especially, a toy or a
problem contrived for testing ingenuity; also, something exhibiting
marvelous skill in making.

2. The state of being puzzled; perplexity; as, to be in a puzzle.

PUZZLE
Puz"zle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Puzzled; p. pr. & vb. n. Puzzling.]

1. To perplex; to confuse; to embarrass; to put to a stand; to
nonplus.
A very shrewd disputant in those points is dexterous in puzzling
others. Dr. H. More.
He is perpetually puzzled and perplexed amidst his own blunders.
Addison.

2. To make intricate; to entangle.
They disentangle from the puzzled skein. Cowper.
The ways of Heaven are dark and intricate, Puzzled in mazes, and
perplexed with error. Addison.

3. To solve by ingenuity, as a puzzle; -- followed by out; as, to
puzzle out a mystery.

Syn.
 -- To embarrass; perplex; confuse; bewilder; confound. See
Embarrass.

PUZZLE
Puz"zle, v. i.

1. To be bewildered, or perplexed.
A puzzling fool, that heeds nothing. L'Estrange.

2. To work, as at a puzzle; as, to puzzle over a problem.

PUZZLEDOM
Puz"zle*dom, n.

Defn: The domain of puzzles; puzzles, collectively. C. Kingsley.

PUZZLE-HEADED
Puz"zle-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having the head full of confused notions. Johnson.

PUZZLEMENT
Puz"zle*ment, n.

Defn: The state of being puzzled; perplexity. Miss Mitford.

PUZZLER
Puz"zler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, puzzles or perplexes.
Hebrew, the general puzzler of old heads. Brome.

PUZZLINGLY
Puz"zling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a puzzling manner.

PUZZOLAN; PUZZOLANA
Puz"zo*lan, Puz`zo*la"na, n.

Defn: See Pozzuolana.

PYAEMIA
Py*æ"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A form of blood poisoning produced by the absorption into the
blood of morbid matters usually originating in a wound or local
inflammation. It is characterized by the development of multiple
abscesses throughout the body, and is attended with irregularly
recurring chills, fever, profuse sweating, and exhaustion.

PYAEMIC
Py*æ"mic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pyæmia; of the nature of pyæmia.

PYCNASPIDEAN
Pyc`nas*pid"e*an, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the posterior side of the tarsus covered with small
irregular scales; -- said of certain birds.

PYCNIDIUM
Pyc*nid"i*um, n.; pl. Pycnidia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: In certain fungi, a flask-shaped cavity from the surface of the
inner walls of which spores are produced.

PYCNITE
Pyc"nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A massive subcolumnar variety of topaz.

PYCNODONT
Pyc"no*dont, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: Any fossil fish belonging to the Pycnodontini. They have
numerous round, flat teeth, adapted for crushing.

PYCNODONTINI
Pyc`no*don"ti*ni, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extinct order of ganoid fishes. They had a compressed body,
covered with dermal ribs (pleurolepida) and with enameled rhomboidal
scales.

PYCNOGONID
Pyc*nog"o*nid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Pycnogonida.

PYCNOGONIDA
Pyc`no*gon"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of marine arthropods in which the body is small and
thin, and the eight legs usually very long; -- called also Pantopoda.

Note: The abdomen is rudimentary, and the triangular mouth is at the
end of a tubular proboscis. Many of them live at great depths in the
sea, and the largest of them measure two feet across the extended
legs.

PYCNOMETER
Pyc*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: A specific gravity bottle; a standard flask for measuring and
comparing the densities of liquids. [Also written pyknometer.]

PYCNOSTYLE
Pyc"no*style, a. Etym: [Gr. pycnostyle.] (Anc. Arch.)

Defn: See under Intercolumniation. -n.

Defn: A pycnostyle colonnade.

PYE
Pye, n.

Defn: See 2d Pie (b).

PYEBALD
Pye"bald`, a.

Defn: See Piebald.

PYELITIS
Py`e*li"tis. n. Etym: [Gr. basin + -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney.

PYEMIA
Py*e"mi*a, n. (Med.)

Defn: See PyÆmia.

PYET
Py"et, n.

Defn: A magpie; a piet. [Prov. Eng.]
Here cometh the worthy prelate as pert as a pyet. Sir W. Scott.

PYGAL
Py"gal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated in the region of the rump, or posterior end of the
backbone; -- applied especially to the posterior median plates in the
carapace of chelonians.

PYGARG; PYGARGUS
Py"garg, Py*gar"gus,Etym: [L. pygargus, Gr. pygargue.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A quadruped, probably the addax, an antelope having a white
rump. Deut. xiv. 5.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The female of the hen harrier.
(b) The sea eagle.

PYGIDIUM
Py*gid"i*um, n.; pl. Pygidia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The caudal plate of trilobites, crustacean, and certain
insects. See Illust. of Limulus and Trilobite.

PYGMY; PYGMEAN
Pyg"my, Pyg*me"an, a. Etym: [L. pygmaeus. See Pygmy.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pygmy; resembling a pygmy or dwarf;
dwarfish; very small. " Like that Pygmean race." Milton. Pygmy
antelope (Zoöl.), the kleeneboc.
 -- Pygmy goose (Zoöl.), any species of very small geese of the genus
Nettapus, native of Africa, India, and Australia.
 -- Pygmy owl (Zoöl.), the gnome. Pygmy parrot (Zoöl.), any one of
several species of very small green parrots (Nasiternæ), native of
New Guinea and adjacent islands. They are not larger than sparrows.
Pygmy chimpanzee, a species of anthropoid ape (Pan paniscus)
resembling the chimpanzee, but somewhat smaller; also called bonobo.
It is considered (1996) as having the closest genetic relationship to
humans of any other animal. It is found in forests in Zaire, and is
an endangered species.

PYGMY
Pyg"my, n.; pl. Pygmies. Etym: [L. pygmaeus, Gr. Pugnacious, Fist.]
[Written also pigmy.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: One of a fabulous race of dwarfs who waged war with the cranes,
and were destroyed.

2. Hence, a short, insignificant person; a dwarf.
Pygmies are pygmies still, though perched on Alps. And pyramids are
pyramids in vales. Young.

PYGOBRANCHIA
Py`go*bran"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. pugh` the rump + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of opisthobranchiate mollusks having the branchiæ in
a wreath or group around the anal opening, as in the genus Doris.

PYGOPOD
Py"go*pod, n. Etym: [Gr. -pod.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Pygopodes.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of serpentiform lizards of the family Pygopodidæ,
which have rudimentary hind legs near the anal cleft, but lack fore
legs.

PYGOPODES
Py*gop"o*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of swimming birds which includes the grebes, divers,
auks, etc., in which the legs are placed far back.

PYGOPODOUS
Py*gop"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Pygopodes.

PYGOSTYLE
Py"go*style, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The plate of bone which forms the posterior end of the
vertebral column in most birds; the plowshare bone; the vomer. It is
formed by the union of a number of the last caudal vertebræ, and
supports the uropigium.

PYIN
Py"in, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. (Chem.)

Defn: An albuminoid constituent of pus, related to mucin, possibly a
mixture of substances rather than a single body.

PYJAMA
Py*ja"ma, n. Etym: [Hind. pae-jama, literally, leg clothing.]

Defn: In India and Persia, thin loose trowsers or drawers; in Europe
and America, drawers worn at night, or a kind of nightdress with
legs. [Written also paijama.]

PYJAMAS; PAJAMAS
Py*ja"mas, or, chiefly U. S., Pa*ja"mas, n. pl.

Defn: A garment, similar to the Oriental pyjama (which see), adopted
among Europeans, Americans, and other Occidentals, for wear in the
dressing room and during sleep; also, a suit of drawers and blouse
for such wear.

PYKAR
Pyk"ar, n.

Defn: An ancient English fishing boat.

PYLA
Py"la n.; pl. L. Pylæ, E. Pylas. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The passage between the iter and optocoele in the brain. B. G.
Wilder.

PYLAGORE
Pyl"a*gore, n. Etym: [Gr. pylagore.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: a deputy of a State at the Amphictyonic council.

PYLANGIUM
Py*lan"gi*um, n.; pl. Pylangia (. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The first and undivided part of the aortic trunk in the
amphibian heart.
 -- Py*lan"gi*al, a.

PYLON
Py"lon, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(a) A low tower, having a truncated pyramidal form, and flanking an
ancient Egyptian gateway.
Massive pylons adorned with obelisks in front. J. W. Draper.

(b) An Egyptian gateway to a large building (with or without flanking
towers).

PYLORIC
Py*lor"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pylorique.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pylorus; as, the
pyloric end of the stomach.

PYLORUS
Py*lo"rus, n.; pl. Pylori. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Anat.)
(a) The opening from the stomach into the intestine.
(b) A posterior division of the stomach in some invertebrates.

PYNE
Pyne, n. & v.

Defn: See Pine. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PYNOUN
Py*noun", n.

Defn: A pennant. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PYOCYANIN
Py`o*cy"a*nin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. (Chem.)

Defn: A blue coloring matter found in the pus from old sores,
supposed to be formed through the agency of a species of bacterium
(Bacillus pyocyaneus).C13H10N2O

PYOGENIC
Py`o*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Producing or generating pus.

PYOID
Py"oid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to pus; of the nature of, or like, pus. Pyoid
corpuscles (Med.), cells of a size larger than pus corpuscles,
containing two or more of the latter.

PYOPNEUMOTHORAX
Py`op*neu`mo*tho"rax, n. Etym: [Gr. pneumothorax.] (Med.)

Defn: Accumulation of air, or other gas, and of pus, in the pleural
cavity.

PYOT
Py"ot, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The magpie. See Piet.

PYOXANTHOSE
Py`o*xan"those, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. (Chem.)

Defn: A greenish yellow crystalline coloring matter found with
pyocyanin in pus.

PYRACANTH
Pyr"a*canth, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The evergreen thorn (Cratægus Pyracantha), a shrub native of
Europe.

PYRAL
Py"ral, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pyre. [R.]

PYRALID
Pyr"a*lid, n. Etym: [L. pyralis, -idis, a kind of winged insect.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any moth of the family Pyralidæ. The species are numerous and
mostly small, but some of them are very injurious, as the bee moth,
meal moth, hop moth, and clover moth.

PYRAMID
Pyr"a*mid, n. Etym: [L. pyramis, -idis, fr. Gr. pyramide.]

1. A solid body standing on a triangular, square, or polygonal base,
and terminating in a point at the top; especially, a structure or
edifice of this shape.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A solid figure contained by a plane rectilineal figure as base
and several triangles which have a common vertex and whose bases are
sides of the base.

3. pl. (Billiards)

Defn: The game of pool in which the balls are placed in the form of a
triangle at spot. [Eng.] Altitude of a pyramid (Geom.), the
perpendicular distance from the vertex to the plane of the base.
 -- Axis of a pyramid (Geom.), a straight line drawn from the vertex
to the center of the base.
 -- Earth pyramid. (Geol.) See Earth pillars, under Earth.
 -- Right pyramid (Geom.) a pyramid whose axis is perpendicular to
the base.

PYRAMIDAL
Py*ram`i*dal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pyramidal.]

1. Of or pertaining to a pyramid; in the form of a a pyramid;
pyramidical; as, pyramidal cleavage.
The mystic obelisks stand up Triangular, pyramidal. Mrs. Browning.

2. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Same as Tetragonal. Pyramidal numbers (Math.), certain series
of figurate numbers expressing the number of balls or points that may
be arranged in the form of pyramids. Thus 1, 4, 10, 20, 35, etc., are
trangular pyramidal numbers; and 1, 5, 14, 30, 55, etc., are square
pyramidal numbers.

PYRAMIDAL
Py*ram"i*dal, n. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the carpal bones. See Cuneiform, n., 2 (b).

PYRAMIDALLY
Py*ram"i*dal*ly, adv.

Defn: Like a pyramid.

PYRAMIDIC; PYRAMIDICAL
Pyr`a*mid"ic, Pyr`a*mid"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pyramid; having the form of a pyramid;
pyramidal. " A pyramidical rock." Goldsmith. "Gold in pyramidic
plenty piled." Shenstone.
 -- Pyr`a*mid"ic*al*ly, adv. Pyr`a*mild"ic*al*ness, n.

PYRAMIDION
Pyr`a*mid"i*on, n.; pl. Pyramidia. Etym: [NL., from L. pyramis. See
Pyramid.]

Defn: The small pyramid which crowns or completes an obelisk.

PYRAMIDOID
Py*ram"i*doid, n. Etym: [Gr. -id: cf. F. pyramidoïde.]

Defn: A solid resembling a pyramid; -- called also pyramoid. Barlow.

PYRAMIS
Pyr"a*mis, n.; pl. Pyramides. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A pyramid.

PYRAMOID
Pyr"a*moid, n.

Defn: See Pyramidoid.

PYRARGYRITE
Py*rar"gy*rite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Ruby silver; dark red silver ore. It is a sulphide of antimony
and silver, occurring in rhombohedral crystals or massive, and is of
a dark red or black color with a metallic adamantine luster.

PYRAZINE; PYRAZIN
Pyr"a*zine, n. Also -zin. [Pyridine + Gr.  not +  life.] (Org. Chem.)

Defn: A feebly basic solid, C4H4N2, obtained by distilling piperazine
with zinc dust, and in other ways. Also, by extension, any of various
derivatives of the same.

PYRE
Pyre, n. Etym: [L. pure, Gr. Fire.]

Defn: A funeral pile; a combustible heap on which the dead are
burned; hence, any pile to be burnt.
For nine long nights, through all the dusky air, The pyres thick
flaming shot a dismal glare. Pope.

PYRENA
Py*re"na, n.; pl. Pyrenæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A nutlet resembling a seed, or the kernel of a drupe. Gray.

PYRENE
Py"rene, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: One of the less volatile hydrocarbons of coal tar, obtained as
a white crystalline substance, C16H10.

PYRENE
Py"rene, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Pyrena.

PYRENEAN
Pyr`e*ne"an, a. Etym: [L. Pyrenaei (sc. montes) the Pyrenees, fr.
Pyrene, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Pyrenees, a range of mountains
separating France and Spain.
 -- n.

Defn: The Pyrenees. Shak.

PYRENOID
Py*re"noid, n. Etym: [Gr. Pyrena, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A transparent body found in the chromatophores of certain
Infusoria.

PYRETHRIN
Pyr"eth*rin, n. Etym: [NL. Pyrethrum, generic name of feverfew, Gr.
(Chem.)

Defn: A substance resembling, and isomeric with, ordinary camphor,
and extracted from the essential oil of feverfew; -- called also
Pyrethrum camphor.

PYRETHRINE
Pyr"eth*rine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid extracted from the root of the pellitory of Spain
(Anacyclus pyrethrum).

PYRETIC
Py*ret"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. pyrétique.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to fever; febrile.

PYRETOLOGY
Pyr`e*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. pyrétologie.] (Med.)

Defn: A discourse or treatise on fevers; the doctrine of fevers.
Hooper.

PYREXIA
Py*rex"i*a, n.; pl. Pyrexiæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The febrile condition.

PYREXIAL; PYREXICAL
Py*rex"i*al, Py*rex"ic*al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to fever; feverish.

PYRGOM
Pyr"gom, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of pyroxene; -- called also fassaite.

PYRHELIOMETER
Pyr*he`li*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the direct heating effect of the
sun's rays.

PYRIDIC
Py*rid"ic, a. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Related to, or formed from, pyridin or its homologues; as, the
pyridic bases.

PYRIDINE
Pyr"i*dine, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous base, C5H5N, obtained from the distillation of
bone oil or coal tar, and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids,
as a colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor. It is the nucleus
of a large number of organic substances, among which several
vegetable alkaloids, as nicotine and certain of the ptomaïnes, may be
mentioned. See Lutidine.

PYRIDYL
Pyr"i*dyl, n. Etym: [Pyridine + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical, C5H4N, regarded as the essential
residue of pyridine, and analogous to phenyl.

PYRIFORM
Pyr"i*form, a. Etym: [L. pyrum, pirum, a pear + -form: cf. F.
pyriforme, piriforme.]

Defn: Having the form of a pear; pear-shaped.

PYRITACEOUS
Pyr`i*ta"ceous, a. (Min.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to pyrites. See Pyritic.

PYRITE
Pyr"ite, n.; pl. Pyrites. Etym: [Cf. F. pyrite. See Pyrites.] (Min.)

Defn: A common mineral of a pale brass-yellow color and brilliant
metallic luster, crystallizing in the isometric system; iron pyrites;
iron disulphide.
Hence sable coal his massy couch extends, And stars of gold the
sparkling pyrite blends. E. Darwin.

PYRITES
Py*ri"tes, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Pyre.] (Min.)

Defn: A name given to a number of metallic minerals, sulphides of
iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, and tin, of a white or yellowish color.

Note: The term was originally applied to the mineral pyrite, or iron
pyrites, in allusion to its giving sparks when struck with steel.
Arsenical pyrites, arsenopyrite.
 -- Auriferous pyrites. See under Auriferous.
 -- Capillary pyrites, millerite.
 -- Common pyrites, isometric iron disulphide; pyrite.
 -- Hair pyrites, millerite.
 -- Iron pyrites. See Pyrite.
 -- Magnetic pyrites, pyrrhotite.
 -- Tin pyrites, stannite.
 -- White iron pyrites, orthorhombic iron disulphide; marcasite. This
includes cockscomb pyrites (a variety of marcasite, named in allusion
to its form), spear pyrites, etc.
 -- Yellow, or Copper, pyrites, the sulphide of copper and iron;
chalcopyrite.

PYRITIC; PYRITICAL
Py*rit"ic, Py*rit"ic*al, a. (Min.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to pyrites; consisting of, or resembling,
pyrites.

PYRITIFEROUS
Pyr`i*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Pyrites + -ferous.] (Min.)

Defn: Containing or producing pyrites.

PYRITIZE
Pyr"i*tize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. pyritiser.]

Defn: To convert into pyrites.

PYRITOHEDRAL
Pyr`i*to*he"dral, a. Etym: [See Pyritohedron.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: Like pyrites in hemihedral form.

PYRITOHEDRON
Pyr`i*to*he"dron, n. Etym: [Pyrite + Gr. (Crystallog.)

Defn: The pentagonal dodecahedron, a common form of pyrite.

PYRITOID
Pyr"i*toid, n. Etym: [Pyrite + -oid.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: Pyritohedron. [R.]

PYRITOLOGY
Pyr`i*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of blowpipe analysis.

PYRITOUS
Pyr"i*tous, a.

Defn: Pyritic.

PYRO-; PYR-
Pyro-, Pyr-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Combining forms designating fire or heat; specifically (Chem.),
used to imply an actual or theoretical derivative by the action of
heat; as in pyrophosphoric, pyrosulphuric, pyrotartaric,
pyrotungstic, etc.

PYRO
Py"ro, n. (Photog.)

Defn: Abbreviation of pyrogallic acid. [Colloq.]

PYROACETIC
Pyr`o*a*ce"tic, a. Etym: [Pyro- + acetic: cf. F. pyroacétique.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, and designating, a substance (acetone) obtained
by the distillation of the acetates. It is now called also pyroacetic
ether, and formerly was called pyroacetic spirit.

PYROACID
Pyr`o*ac"id, n. Etym: [Pyro- + acid.] (Chem.)

Defn: An acid obtained by sybjecting another acid to the action of
heat. Cf. Pyro-.

PYROANTIMONATE
Pyr`o*an`ti*mo"nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of pyroantimonic acid.

PYROANTIMONIC
Pyr`o*an`ti*mon"ic, a. Etym: [Pyro- + antimonic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of antimony analogous to
pyrophosphoric acid.

PYROARSENATE
Pyr`o*ar"se*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of pyroarsenic acid.

PYROARSENIC
Pyr`o*ar*sen"ic, a. Etym: [Pyro- + arsenic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to or designating, an acid of arsenic analogous to
pyrophosphoric acid.

PYROBORATE
Pyr`o*bo"rate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of pyroboric acid.

PYROBORIC
Pyr`o*bo"ric, a. Etym: [Pyro- + boric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to derived from, or designating, an acid, H2B4O7
(called also tetraboric acid), which is the acid ingredient of
ordinary borax, and is obtained by heating boric acid.

PYROCATECHIN
Pyr`o*cat"e*chin, n. Etym: [Pyro- + catechu.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance, C6H4(OH)2, of the phenol series,
found in various plants; -- so called because first obtained by
distillation of gum catechu. Called also catechol, oxyphenol. etc.

PYROCHLORE
Pyr"o*chlore, n. Etym: [Pyro- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A niobate of calcium, cerium, and other bases, occurring
usually in octahedrons of a yellowish or brownish color and resinous
luster; -- so called from its becoming grass-green on being subjected
to heat under the blowpipe.

PYROCITRIC
Pyr`o*cit"ric, a. Etym: [Pyro- + citric: cf. F. pyrocitrique.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, any one of three acids obtained
by the distillation of citric acid, and called respectively
citraconic, itaconic, and mesaconic acid.

PYROCOLL
Pyr"o*coll, n. Etym: [Puro- + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance allied to pyrrol, obtained by
the distillation of gelatin.

PYROELECTRIC
Pyr`o*e*lec"tric, a. Etym: [Pyro- + electric.] (Physics)

Defn: Pertaining to, or dependent on, pyroelectricity; receiving
electric polarity when heated.

PYROELECTRIC
Pyr`o*e*lec"tric, n. (Physics)

Defn: A substance which becomes electrically polar when heated,
exhibiting opposite charges of statical electricity at two separate
parts, especially the two extremities.

PYROELECTRICITY
Pyr`o*e`lec*tric"i*ty, n. (Physics)

Defn: Electricity developed by means of heat; the science which
treats of electricity thus developed.

PYROGALLATE
Pyr`o*gal"late, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of pyrogallic acid; an ether of pyrogallol.

PYROGALLIC
Pyr`o*gal"lic, a. Etym: [Pyro- + gallic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid called
pyrogallol. See Pyrogallol.

PYROGALLOL
Pyr`o*gal"lol, n. Etym: [Pyrogallic + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A phenol metameric with phloroglucin, obtained by the
distillation of gallic acid as a poisonous white crystalline
substance having acid properties, and hence called also pyrogallic
acid. It is a strong reducer, and is used as a developer in
photography and in the production of certain dyes.

PYROGEN
Pyr"o*gen, n. Etym: [See Pyrogenous.]

1. Electricity. [R.]

2. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A poison separable from decomposed meat infusions, and supposed
to be formed from albuminous matter through the agency of bacteria.

PYROGENIC
Pyr`o*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Pyro- + -gen + -ic.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Producing heat; -- said of substances, as septic poisons, which
elevate the temperature of the body and cause fever.

PYROGENOUS
Py*rog"e*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. genous: cf. F. purogène, Gr.

Defn: Produced by fire; igneous. Mantell. .

PYROGNOSTIC
Pyr`og*nos"tic, a. Etym: [Pyro- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to characters developed by the use of heat;
pertaining to the characters of minerals when examined before the
blowpipe; as, the pyrognostic characters of galena.

PYROGNOSTICS
Pyr`og*nos"tics, n. pl. (Min.)

Defn: The characters of a mineral observed by the use of the
blowpipe, as the degree of fusibility, flame coloration, etc.

PYROGRAPH
Py"ro*graph, n.

Defn: A production of pyrography.

PYROGRAPHY
Py*rog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Pyro- + -graphy.]

Defn: A process of printing, ornamenting, or carving, by burning with
heated instruments.

PYROGRAVURE
Py`ro*gra*vure", n.  [Pyro- + F. gravure engraving.]

Defn: Pyrography; also, a design or picture made by pyrography.

PYROLATOR
Py*rol"a*tor, n. Etym: [See Pyrolatry.]

Defn: A fire worshiper. [R.] Southey.

PYROLATRY
Py*rol"a*try, n. Etym: [Pyro- + Gr. pyrolâtrie.]

Defn: The worship of fire. Young.

PYROLIGNEOUS; PYROLIGNIC
Pyr`o*lig"ne*ous, Pyr`o*lig"nic, a. Etym: [Pyro-+ L. lignum wood: cf.
F. pyroligneux.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, the acid liquid obtained in the
distillation of wood, consisting essentially of impure acetic acid.

PYROLIGNITE
Py`ro*lig"nite, n.

Defn: A crude acetate produced by treating pyroligneous acid with a
metal or basic compound; as, pyrolignite of iron (iron liquor).

PYROLIGNOUS
Pyr`o*lig"nous, a.

Defn: Same as Pyroligneous.

PYROLITHIC
Pyr`o*lith"ic, a. Etym: [Pyro- + lithic.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: Same as Pyrouric, or Cyanuric.

PYROLOGIST
Py*rol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in, or makes a study of, pyrology.

PYROLOGY
Py*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Pyro- + -logy: cf. F. pyrologie.]

Defn: That branch of physical science which treats of the properties,
phenomena, or effects of heat; also, a treatise on heat.

PYROLUSITE
Pyr`o*lu"site, n. Etym: [Pyro- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Manganese dioxide, a mineral of an iron-black or dark steel-
gray color and metallic luster, usually soft. Pyrolusite parts with
its oxygen at a red heat, and is extensively used in discharging the
brown and green tints of glass (whence its name).

PYROMAGNETIC
Pyr`o*mag*net"ic, a. Etym: [Pyro- + magnetic.] (Physics)

Defn: Acting by the agency of heat and magnetism; as, a pyromagnetic
machine for producing electric currents.

PYROMALATE
Pyr`o*ma"late, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of pyromalic acid. [Obs.]

PYROMALIC
Pyr`o*ma"lic, a. Etym: [Pyro- + malic.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid now called maleic acid.

PYROMANCY
Pyr"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. pyromancie.]

Defn: Divination by means of fire.

PYROMANIA
Pyr"o*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Pyro- + mania.]

Defn: An insane disposition to incendiarism.

PYROMANTIC
Pyr"o*man"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pyromancy.

PYROMANTIC
Pyr`o*man"tic, n. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

Defn: One who pretends to divine by fire. Sir T. Herbert.

PYROMETER
Py*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Pyro- + -meter: cf. F. pyromètre.]

1. (Physics)

Defn: An instrument used for measuring the expansion of solid bodies
by heat.

2. (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring degrees of heat above those
indicated by the mercurial thermometer.

Note: It is usually constructed so as to register the change which
the heat to be measured produces in the length of some expansible
substance, as a metallic rod, or in the intensity of a thermo-
electric current.

PYROMETRIC; PYROMETRICAL
Pyr`o*met"ric, Pyr`o*met"ric*al a. Etym: [Cf. F. pyrométrique.]
(Physics)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained by, the pyrometer; as, pyrometrical
instruments; pyrometrical measurements.

PYROMETRY
Py*rom"e*try, n.

Defn: The art of measuring degrees of heat, or the expansion of
bodies by heat.

PYROMORPHITE
Pyr`o*mor"phite, n. Etym: [G. pyromorphit, from Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Native lead phosphate with lead chloride, occurring in bright
green and brown hexagonal crystals and also massive; -- so called
because a fused globule crystallizes in cooling.

PYROMORPHOUS
Pyr`o*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Pyro- + -morphous.] (Min.)

Defn: Having the property of crystallizing by the agency of fire.

PYROMUCATE
Pyr`o*mu"cate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of pyromucic acid.

PYROMUCIC
Pyr`o*mu"cic, a. Etym: [Pyro- + mucic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid obtained
as a white crystalline substance by the distillation of mucic acid,
or by the oxidation of furfurol.

PYRONE
Py`rone, n. [G. pyron, an abbr. of pyrokoman.] (Org. Chem.)

Defn: An unsaturated cyclic compound, C5H4O2, of which two varieties
are known, a and g. g-pyrone is the parent substance of several
natural yellow dyestuffs.

PYRONOMICS
Pyr`o*nom"ics, n. Etym: [Pyro- + Gr.

Defn: The science of heat.

PYROPE
Pyr"ope, n. Etym: [L. pyropus a kind of red bronze, fr. Gr. pyrope.]
(Min.)

Defn: A variety of garnet, of a poppy or blood-red color, frequently
with a tinge of orange. It is used as a gem. See the Note under
Garnet.

PYROPHANE
Pyr"o*phane, n. Etym: [See Pyrophanous.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral which is opaque in its natural state, but is said to
change its color and become transparent by heat.

PYROPHANOUS
Py*roph"a*nous, a. Etym: [Pyro- + Gr.

Defn: Rendered transparent by heat.

PYROPHONE
Pyr"o*phone, n. Etym: [Pyro- + Gr.

Defn: A musical instrument in which the tones are produced by flames
of hydrogen, or illuminating gas, burning in tubes of different sizes
and lengths.

PYROPHORIC; PYROPHOROUS
Pyr`o*phor"ic, Py*roph"o*rous, a. Etym: [Pyro- + Gr.

Defn: Light-producing; of or pertaining to pyrophorus. Pyrophoric
iron (Chem.), finely reduced iron, which ignites spontaneously on
contact with air.

PYROPHORUS
Py*roph"o*rus, n. Etym: [NL. See Pyrophorous.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: Any one of several substances or mixtures which phosphoresce or
ignite spontaneously on exposure to air, as a heated mixture of alum,
potash, and charcoal, or a mixture of charcoal and finely divided
lead.

PYROPHOSPHATE
Pyr"o*phos"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of pyrophosphoric acid.

PYROPHOSPHORIC
Pyr`o*phos*phor"ic, a. Etym: [Pyro- + phosphoric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, H4P2O7, which is
obtained as a white crystalline substance. Its salts are obtained by
heating the phosphates.

PYROPHYLLITE
Py*roph"yl*lite, n. Etym: [Pyro- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral, usually of a white or greenish color and pearly
luster, consisting chiefly of the hydrous silicate of alumina.

PYROSCOPE
Pyr"o*scope, n. Etym: [Pyro- + -scope: cf. F. pyroscope.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the intensity of heat radiating
from a fire, or the cooling influence of bodies. It is a differential
thermometer, having one bulb coated with gold or silver leaf. [R.]

PYROSIS
Py*ro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr Gr. (Med.)

Defn: See Water brash, under Brash.

PYROSMALITE
Py*ros"ma*lite, n. Etym: [Pyro- + Gr. -like. ] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral, usually of a pale brown or of a gray or grayish
green color, consisting chiefly of the hydrous silicate of iron and
manganese; -- so called from the odor given off before the blowpipe.

PYROSOME
Pyr"o*some, n. Etym: [Pyro- + -some body.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any compound ascidian of the genus Pyrosoma. The pyrosomes form
large hollow cylinders, sometimes two or three feet long, which swim
at the surface of the sea and are very phosphorescent.

PYROSULPHATE
Pyr`o*sul"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of pyrosulphuric acid.

PYROSULPHURIC
Pyr`o*sul*phu"ric, a. Etym: [Pyro- + -sulphuric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid called also disulphuric
acid) obtained by distillation of certain sulphates, as a colorless,
thick, oily liquid, H2S2O7 resembling sulphuric acid. It is used in
the solution of indigo, in the manufacture of alizarin, and in
dehydration.

PYROTARTARIC
Pyr`o*tar*tar"ic, a. Etym: [Pyro- + tartaric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained as a white
crystalline substance by the distillation of tartaric acid.

PYROTARTRATE
Pyr`o*tar"trate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of pyrotartaric acid.

PYROTECHNIAN
Pyr`o*tech"ni*an, n.

Defn: A pyrotechnist.

PYROTECHNIC; PYROTECHNICAL
Pyr`o*tech"nic, Pyr`o*tech"nic*al, a. Etym: [Pyro- + technic,
technical: cf. F. pyrotechnique. See Fire, Technical.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to fireworks, or the art of forming them.
Pyrotechnical sponge. See under Sponge.

PYROTECHNICIAN
Pyr`o*tech*ni"cian, n.

Defn: A pyrotechnist.

PYROTECHNICS
Pyr`o*tech"nics, n.

Defn: The art of making fireworks; the manufacture and use of
fireworks; pyrotechny.

PYROTECHNIST
Pyr`o*tech"nist, n.

Defn: One skilled in pyrotechny; one who manufactures fireworks.
Steevens.

PYROTECHNY
Pyr`o*tech`ny, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pyrotechnie.]

1. The use and application of fire in science and the arts. [Obs.]
Sir M. Hale.

2. Same as Pyrotechnics.

PYROTHONIDE
Py*roth"o*nide, n. Etym: [Pyro- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A kind of empyreumatic oil produced by the combustion of
textures of hemp, linen, or cotton in a copper vessel, -- formerly
used as a remedial agent. Dunglison.

PYROTIC
Py*rot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. pyrotique.]

Defn: Caustic. See Caustic.
 -- n. (Med.)

Defn: A caustic medicine.

PYROTRITARTARIC
Pyr`o*tri`tar*tar"ic, a. Etym: [Pyro- + tri- + tartaric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Designating an acid which is more commonly called uric acid.

PYROTUNGSTIC
Pyr`o*tung"stic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Polytungstic. See Metatungstic.

PYROURIC; PYROUERIC
Pyr`o*ü"ric, a. Etym: [Pyro- + uric.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid now called cyanuric
acid. See Cyanuric.

PYROVANADIC
Pyr`o*va*nad"ic, a. Etym: [Pyro- + vanadic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of vanadium, analogous
to pyrophosphoric acid.

PYROXANTHIN
Pyr`o*xan"thin, n. Etym: [Pyro- + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline hydrocardon extracted from crude wood
spirit; -- called also eblanin.

PYROXENE
Pyr"ox*ene, n. Etym: [F. pyroxène, from Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A common mineral occurring in monoclinic crystals, with a
prismatic angle of nearly 90º, and also in massive forms which are
often laminated. It varies in color from white to dark green and
black, and includes many varieties differing in color and
composition, as diopside, malacolite, salite, coccolite, augite, etc.
They are all silicates of lime and magnesia with sometimes alumina
and iron. Pyroxene is an essential constituent of many rocks,
especially basic igneous rocks, as basalt, gabbro, etc.

Note: The pyroxene group contains pyroxene proper, also the related
orthorhombic species, enstatite, bronzite, hypersthene, and various
monoclinic and triclinic species, as rhodonite, etc.

PYROXENIC
Pyr`ox*en"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pyroxénique.]

Defn: Containing pyroxene; composed chiefly of pyroxene.

PYROXENITE
Py*rox"e*nite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A rock consisting essentially of pyroxene.

PYROXYLE
Py*rox"yle, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pyroxyle.]

Defn: See Pyroxylic, -yl.

PYROXYLIC
Pyr`ox*yl"ic, a. Etym: [Pyro- + Gr. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Derived from wood by distillation; -- formerly used in
designating crude wood spirit.

PYROXYLIN
Py*rox"y*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance resembling gun cotton in composition and
properties, but distinct in that it is more highly nitrified and is
soluble in alcohol, ether, etc.; -- called also pyroxyle.

PYRRHIC
Pyr"rhic, a. Etym: [L. pyrrhichius, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to an ancient Greek martial dance. " ye have the
pyrrhic dance as yet." Byron.

2. (Pros.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pyrrhic, or to pyrrhics; containing
pyrrhic; as, a pyrrhic verse.

PYRRHIC
Pyr"rhic, n.

1. Etym: [Gr. pyrrhique, fem.]

Defn: An ancient Greek martial dance, to the accompaniment of the
flute, its time being very quick.

2. Etym: [L. pyrrhichius (sc. pes), Gr. pyrrhique, masc.] (Pros.)

Defn: A foot consisting of two short syllables.

PYRRHICIST
Pyr"rhi*cist, n. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: One two danced the pyrrhic.

PYRRHONEAN; PYRRHONIC
Pyr*rho"ne*an, Pyr*rhon"ic, a. Etym: [L. Pyrrhonêus: cf. F.
pyrrhonien.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to pyrrhonism.

PYRRHONISM
Pyr"rho*nism, n. Etym: [From Pyrrho, the founder of a school of
skeptics in Greece (about 300 b. c.): cf. F. pyrrhonisme.]

Defn: Skepticism; universal doubt.

PYRRHONIST
Pyr"rho*nist, n.

Defn: A follower of Pyrrho; a skeptic.

PYRRHOTINE; PYRRHOTITE
Pyr"rho*tine, Pyr"rho*tite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A bronze-colored mineral, of metallic luster. It is a sulphide
of iron, and is remarkable for being attracted by the magnet. Called
also magnetic pyrites.

PYRROL
Pyr"rol, n. Etym: [Gr. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous base found in coal tar, bone oil, and other
distillates of organic substances, and also produced synthetically as
a colorless liquid, C4H5N, having on odor like that of chloroform. It
is the nucleus and origin of a large number of derivatives. So called
because it colors a splinter of wood moistened with hydrochloric acid
a deep red.

PYRROLINE
Pyr"ro*line, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous base, C4H7N, obtained as a colorless liquid by
the reduction of pyrrol.

PYRULA
Pyr"u*la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. pyrus a pear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large marine gastropods. having a pear-shaped shell.
It includes the fig-shells. See Illust. in Appendix.

PYRURIC
Py*ru"ric, a.

Defn: Same as Pyroüric.

PYRUS
Py"rus, n. Etym: [L. pyrus, or better pirus, pear tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of rosaceous trees and shrubs having pomes for fruit.
It includes the apple, crab apple, pear, chokeberry, sorb, and
mountain ash.

PYRUVIC
Py*ru"vic, a. Etym: [Pyro- + L. uva a grape.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (called also pyroracemic
acid) obtained, as a liquid having a pungent odor, by the
distillation of racemic acid.

PYRUVIL
Py*ru"vil, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A complex nitrogenous compound obtained by heating together
pyruvic acid and urea.

PYTHAGOREAN
Pyth`a*go"re*an, a. Etym: [L. Pythagoreus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Pythagoras (a Greek philosopher, born about
582 b. c.), or his philosophy.
The central thought of the Pythagorean philosophy is the idea of
number, the recognition of the numerical and mathematical relations
of things. Encyc. Brit.
Pythagorean proposition (Geom.), the theorem that the square
described upon the hypothenuse of a plane right-angled triangle is
equal to the sum of the squares described upon the other two sides.
 -- Pythagorean system (Astron.), the commonly received system of
astronomy, first taught by Pythagoras, and afterward revived by
Copernicus, whence it is also called the Copernican system.
 -- Pythagorean letter. See Y.

PYTHAGOREAN
Pyth`a*go"re*an, n.

Defn: A follower of Pythagoras; one of the school of philosophers
founded by Pythagoras.

PYTHAGOREANISM
Pyth`a*go"re*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrines of Pythagoras or the Pythagoreans.
As a philosophic school Pythagoreanism became extinct in Greece about
the middle of the 4th century [B. C.]. Encyc. Brit.

PYTHAGORIC; PYTHAGORICAL
Pyth`a*gor"ic, Pyth`a*gor"ic*al, a.Etym: [L. Pythagoricus, Gr.
pythagorique.]

Defn: See Pythagorean, a.

PYTHAGORISM
Py*thag"o*rism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The doctrines taught by Pythagoras.

Note: Pythagoras made numbers the basis of his philosophical system,
as well physical as metaphysical. The doctrine of the transmigration
of souls (metempsychosis) is associated closely with name of
Pythagoras.

PYTHAGORIZE
Py*thag"o*rize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pythagorized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pythagorizing.] Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To speculate after the manner of Pythagoras.

PYTHIAD
Pyth"i*ad, n. Etym: [See Pythian.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: The period intervening between one celebration of the Pythian
games and the next.

PYTHIAN
Pyth"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Pythius, Gr. pythien.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Delphi, to the temple of Apollo, or to the
priestess of Apollo, who delivered oracles at Delphi. Pythian games
(Gr. Antiq.), one of the four great national festivals of ancient
Greece, celebrated near Delphi, in honor of Apollo, the conqueror of
the dragon Python, at first once in eight years, afterward once in
four.

PYTHOCENIC
Pyth`o*cen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Producing decomposition, as diseases which are supposed to be
accompanied or caused by decomposition.

PYTHON
Py"thon, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Python the serpent slain near Delphi
by Apollo, Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of very large snakes of the genus Python, and
allied genera, of the family Pythonidæ. They are nearly allied to the
boas. Called also rock snake.

Note: The pythons have small pelvic bones, or anal spurs, two rows of
subcaudal scales, and pitted labials. They are found in Africa, Asia,
and the East Indies.

2. A diviner by spirits. "[Manasses] observed omens, and appointed
pythons." 4 Kings xxi. 6 (Douay version).

PYTHONESS
Pyth"o*ness, n. Etym: [L. pythonissa: cf. F. pythonisse. See
Pythian.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: The priestess who gave oracular answers at Delphi in Greece.

2. Any woman supposed to have a spirit of divination; a sort of
witch. Bp. Hall.

PYTHONIC
Py*thon"ic, a. Etym: [L. pythonicus, Gr. Pythian.]

Defn: Prophetic; oracular; pretending to foretell events.

PYTHONISM
Pyth"o*nism, n.

Defn: The art of predicting events after the manner of the priestess
of Apollo at Delphi; equivocal prophesying.

PYTHONIST
Pyth"o*nist, n.

Defn: A conjurer; a diviner.

PYTHONOMORPHA
Pyth`o*no*mor"pha, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Python, and -morphous.]
(Paleon.)

Defn: Same as Mosasauria.

PYURIA
Py*u"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition in which pus is discharged in the urine.

PYX
Pyx, )n. Etym: [L. pyxis a box, Gr. Box a receptacle.] [Written also
pix.]

1. ( R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The box, case, vase, or tabernacle, in which the host is
reserved.

2. A box used in the British mint as a place of deposit for certain
sample coins taken for a trial of the weight and fineness of metal
before it is sent from the mint. Mushet.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The box in which the compass is suspended; the binnacle. Weale.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Pyxis. Pyx cloth (R. C. Ch., a veil of silk or lace
covering the pyx. Trial of the pyx, the annual testing, in the
English mint, of the standard of gold and silver coins. Encyc. Brit.

PYX
Pyx, v. t.

Defn: To test as to weight and fineness, as the coins deposited in
the pyx. [Eng.] Mushet.

PYXIDATE
Pyx"i*date, a.

Defn: Having a pyxidium.

PYXIDIUM
Pyx*id"i*um, n.; pl. Pyxidia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Pyx.] (Bot.)
(a) A pod which divides circularly into an upper and lower half, of
which the former acts as a kind of lid, as in the pimpernel and
purslane.
(b) The theca of mosses.

PYXIE
Pyx"ie, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Pixy.

PYXIS
Pyx*is, n. Etym: [L.]

1. A box; a pyx.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A pyxidium.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The acetabulum. See Acetabulum, 2.

Q

Defn: , the seventeenth letter of the English alphabet, has but one
sound (that of k), and is always followed by u, the two letters
together being sounded like kw, except in some words in which the u
is silent. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 249. Q is not found in
Anglo-Saxon, cw being used instead of qu; as in cwic, quick; cwen,
queen. The name (ku) is from the French ku, which is from the Latin
name of the same letter; its form is from the Latin, which derived
it, through a Greek alphabet, from the Phoenician, the ultimate
origin being Egyptian. Etymologically, q or qu is most nearly related
to a (ch, tch), p, q, and wh; as in cud, quid, L. equus, ecus, horse,
Gr. equine, hippic; L. quod which, E. what; L. aquila, E. eaqle; E.
kitchen, OE. kichene, AS. cycene, L. coquina.

QUA
Qua, conj. Etym: [L., abl. of qui who.]

Defn: In so far as; in the capacity or character of; as.
It is with Shelley's biographers qua biographers that we have to
deal. London Spectator.

QUAB
Quab, n. Etym: [Cf. D. kwab eelpout, Dan. quabbe, G. quabbe, quappe,
LG. quabbe a fat lump of flesh, and L. capito a kind of fish with a
large head, fr. caput the head, also E. squab.]

Defn: An unfledged bird; hence, something immature or unfinished.
Ford.

QUAB
Quab, v. i.

Defn: See Quob, v. i.

QUA-BIRD
Qua"-bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American night heron. See under Night.

QUACHA
Qua"cha, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The quagga.

QUACK
Quack, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Qvacked; p. pr. & vb. n. Quacking.] Etym:
[Of imitative origin; cf. D. kwaken, G. quacken, quaken, Icel. kvaka
to twitter.]

1. To utter a sound like the cry of a duck.

2. To make vain and loud pretensions; to boast. " To quack of
universal cures." Hudibras.

3. To act the part of a quack, or pretender.

QUACK
Quack, n.

1. The cry of the duck, or a sound in imitation of it; a hoarse,
quacking noise. Chaucer.

2. Etym: [Cf. Quacksalver.]

Defn: A boastful pretender to medical skill; an empiric; an ignorant
practitioner.

3. Hence, one who boastfully pretends to skill or knowledge of any
kind not possessed; a charlatan.
Quacks political; quacks scientific, academical. Carlyle.

QUACK
Quack, a.

Defn: Pertaining to or characterized by, boasting and pretension;
used by quacks; pretending to cure diseases; as, a quack medicine; a
quack doctor.

QUACKERY
Quack"er*y, n.; pl. Quackeries (.

Defn: The acts, arts, or boastful pretensions of a quack; false
pretensions to any art; empiricism. Carlyle.

QUACK GRASS
Quack" grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: See Quitch grass.

QUACKISH
Quack"ish, a.

Defn: Like a quack; boasting; characterized by quackery. Burke.

QUACKISM
Quack"ism, n.

Defn: Quackery. Carlyle.

QUACKLE
Quac"kle, v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Quackled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Quackling.] Etym: [Cf.Querken.]

Defn: To suffocate; to choke. [Prov. Eng.]

QUACKSALVER
Quack"sal*ver, n. Etym: [D. kwakzalver; cf. kwakzalven to quack or
boast of one's salves. See Quack, Salve, n.]

Defn: One who boasts of his skill in medicines and salves, or of the
efficacy of his prescriptions; a charlatan; a quack; a mountebank.
[Obs.] Burton.

QUAD; QUADE
Quad, Quade, a. Etym: [Akin to AS. cwæd, cwead, dung, evil, G. kot,
dung, OHG. quat.]

Defn: Evil; bad; baffling; as, a quade wind. [Obs.]
Sooth play, quad play, as the Fleming saith. Chaucer.

QUAD
Quad, n. (Print.)

Defn: A quadrat.

QUAD
Quad, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A quadrangle; hence, a prison. [Cant or Slang]

QUADRA
Quad"ra, n.; pl. Quadræ. Etym: [L., a square, the socle, a platband,
a fillet.] (Arch.)
(a) The plinth, or lowest member, of any pedestal, podium, water
table, or the like.
(b) A fillet, or listel.

QUADRABLE
Quad"ra*ble, a.Etym: [See Quadrate.] (Math.)

Defn: That may be sqyared, or reduced to an equivalent square; --
said of a surface when the area limited by a curve can be exactly
found, and expressed in a finite number of algebraic terms.

QUADRAGENARIOUS
Quad`ra*ge*na"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. quadragenarius, fr. qyadrageni
forty each.]

Defn: Consisting of forty; forty years old.

QUADRAGENE
Quad"ra*gene, n. Etym: [LL. quadragena, fr. L. quadrageni forty each,
akin to quadraginta forty.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: An indulgence of forty days, corresponding to the forty days of
ancient canonical penance.

QUADRAGESIMA
Quad`ra*ges"i*ma, n. Etym: [L., fr. quadragesimus the fortieth, fr.
quadraginta forty; akin to quattuor four. See Four.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The forty days of fast preceding Easter; Lent. Quadragesima
Sunday, the first Sunday in Lent, about forty days before Easter.

QUADRAGESIMAL
Quad`ra*ges"i*mal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. quadragésimal.]

Defn: Belonging to Lent; used in Lent; Lenten.

QUADRAGESIMALS
Quad`ra*ges"i*mals, n. pl.

Defn: Offerings formerly made to the mother church of a diocese on
Mid-Lent Sunday.

QUADRANGLE
Quad"ran`gle, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. quadrangulum; quattuor four +
angulus an angle. See Four, and Angle a corner.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A plane figure having four angles, and consequently four sides;
any figure having four angles.

2. A square or quadrangular space or inclosure, such a space or court
surrounded by buildings, esp. such a court in a college or public
school in England.

QUADRANGULAR
Quad*ran"gu*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. quadrangulaire.]

Defn: Having four angles, and consequently four sides; tetragonal.
 -- Quad*ran"gu*lar*ly, adv.

QUADRANS
Quad"rans, n.; pl. Quadrantes. Etym: [L.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A fourth part of the coin called an as. See 3d As, 2.

2. The fourth of a penny; a farthing. See Cur.

QUADRANT
Quad"rant, n. Etym: [L. quadrans, -antis, a fourth part, a fourth of
a whole, fr. quattuor four: cf. F. quadrant, cadran. See Four, and
cf. Cadrans.]

1. The fourth part; the quarter. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: The quarter of a circle, or of the circumference of a circle,
an arc of 90º, or one subtending a right angle at the center.

3. (Anal. (Geom.)

Defn: One of the four parts into which a plane is divided by the
coördinate axes. The upper right-hand part is the first quadrant; the
upper left-hand part the second; the lower left-hand part the third;
and the lower right-hand part the fourth quadrant.

4. An instrument for measuring altitudes, variously constructed and
mounted for different specific uses in astronomy, surveying, gunnery,
etc., consisting commonly of a graduated arc of 90º, with an index or
vernier, and either plain or telescopic sights, and usually having a
plumb line or spirit level for fixing the vertical or horizontal
direction. Gunner's quadrant, an instrument consisting of a graduated
limb, with a plumb line or spirit level, and an arm by which it is
applied to a cannon or mortar in adjusting it to the elevation
required for attaining the desired range.
 -- Gunter's quadrant. See Gunter's quadrant, in the Vocabulary.
Hadley's quadrant, a hand instrument used chiefly at sea to measure
the altitude of the sun or other celestial body in ascertaining the
vessel's position. It consists of a frame in the form of an octant
having a graduated scale upon its arc, and an index arm, or alidade
pivoted at its apex. Mirrors, called the index glass and the horizon
glass, are fixed one upon the index arm and the other upon one side
of the frame, respectively. When the instrument is held upright, the
index arm may be swung so that the index glass will reflect an image
of the sun upon the horizon glass, and when the reflected image of
the sun coincides, to the observer's eye, with the horizon as seen
directly through an opening at the side of the horizon glass, the
index shows the sun's altitude upon the scale; -- more properly, but
less commonly, called an octant.
 -- Quadrant of altitude, an appendage of the artificial globe,
consisting of a slip of brass of the length of a quadrant of one of
the great circles of the globe, and graduated. It may be fitted to
the meridian, and being movable round to all points of the horizon,
serves as a scale in measuring altitudes, azimuths, etc.

QUADRANTAL
Quad*ran"tal, a. Etym: [L. quadrantalis containing the fourth fourth
part of a measure.] (Geom.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a quadrant; also, included in the fourth
part of a circle; as, quadrantal space. Quadrantal triangle, a
spherical triangle having one side equal to a quadrant or arc of 90º.
 -- Quadrantal versor, a versor that expresses rotation through one
right angle.

QUADRANTAL
Quad*ran"tal, n. Etym: [L.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A cubical vessel containing a Roman cubic foot, each side being
a Roman square foot; -- used as a measure.

2. A cube. [R.]

QUADRAT
Quad"rat, n. Etym: [F. quadrat, cadrat. See Quadrate.]

1. (Print.)

Defn: A block of type metal lower than the letters, -- used in
spacing and in blank lines. [Abbrev. quad.]

2. An old instrument used for taking altitudes; -- called also
geometrical square, and line of shadows.

QUADRATE
Quad"rate, a. Etym: [L. quadratus squared, p. p. of quadrare to make
four-cornered, to make square, to square, to fit, suit, from quadrus
square, quattuor four. See Quadrant, and cf. Quadrat, Quarry an
arrow, Square.]

1. Having four equal sides, the opposite sides parallel, and four
right angles; square.
Figures, some round, some triangle, some quadrate. Foxe.

2. Produced by multiplying a number by itself; square. " Quadrate and
cubical numbers." Sir T. Browne.

3. Square; even; balanced; equal; exact. [Archaic] " A quadrate,
solid, wise man." Howell.

4. Squared; suited; correspondent. [Archaic] " A generical
description quadrate to both." Harvey. Quadrate bone (Anat.), a bone
between the base of the lower jaw and the skull in most vertebrates
below the mammals. In reptiles and birds it articulates the lower jaw
with the skull; in mammals it is represented by the malleus or incus.

QUADRATE
Quad"rate, n. Etym: [L. quadratum. See Quadrate, a.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A plane surface with four equal sides and four right angles; a
square; hence, figuratively, anything having the outline of a square.
At which command, the powers militant That stood for heaven, in
mighty quadrate joined. Milton.

2. (Astrol.)

Defn: An aspect of the heavenly bodies in which they are distant from
each other 90º, or the quarter of a circle; quartile. See the Note
under Aspect, 6.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The quadrate bone.

QUADRATE
Quad"rate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quadrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Quadrating.] Etym: [See Quadrate, a.]

Defn: To square; to agree; to suit; to correspond; -- followed by
with. [Archaic]
The objections of these speculatists of its forms do not quadrate
with their theories. Burke.

QUADRATE
Quad"rate, v. t.

Defn: To adjust (a gun) on its carriage; also, to train (a gun) for
horizontal firing.

QUADRATIC
Quad*rat"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. quadratique.]

1. Of or pertaining to a square, or to squares; resembling a
quadrate, or square; square.

2. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Tetragonal.

3. (Alg.)

Defn: Pertaining to terms of the second degree; as, a quadratic
equation, in which the highest power of the unknown quantity is a
square.

QUADRATICS
Quad*rat"ics, n. (Alg.)

Defn: That branch of algebra which treats of quadratic equations.

QUADRATOJUGAL
Quad*ra`to*ju"gal, a. (Anat.)
(a) Of or pertaining to the quadrate and jugal bones.
(b) Of or pertaining to the quadratojugal bone.
 -- n.

Defn: The quadratojugal bone. Quadratojugal bone (Anat.), a bone at
the base of the lower jaw in many animals.

QUADRATRIX
Quad*ra"trix, n.; pl. -trixes, or -trices. Etym: [NL.] (Geom.)

Defn: A curve made use of in the quadrature of other curves; as the
quadratrix, of Dinostratus, or of Tschirnhausen.

QUADRATURE
Quad"ra*ture, n. Etym: [L. quadratura: cf. F. quadrature. See
Quadrate, a.]

1. (Math.)

Defn: The act of squaring; the finding of a square having the same
area as some given curvilinear figure; as, the quadrature of a
circle; the operation of finding an expression for the area of a
figure bounded wholly or in part by a curved line, as by a curve, two
ordinates, and the axis of abscissas.

2. A quadrate; a square. Milton.

3. (Integral Calculus)

Defn: The integral used in obtaining the area bounded by a curve;
hence, the definite integral of the product of any function of one
variable into the differential of that variable.

4. (Astron.)

Defn: The position of one heavenly body in respect to another when
distant from it 90º, or a quarter of a circle, as the moon when at an
equal distance from the points of conjunction and opposition.
Quadrature of the moon (Astron.), the position of the moon when one
half of the disk is illuminated.
 -- Quadrature of an orbit (Astron.), a point in an orbit which is at
either extremity of the latus rectum drawn through the empty focus of
the orbit.

QUADREL
Quad"rel, n. Etym: [It. quadrello, LL. quadrellus, fr. L. quadrus
square. See Quadrate, and cf. Quarrel an arrow.]

1. A square piece of turf or peat. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A square brick, tile, or the like.

QUADRENNIAL
Quad*ren"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. quadriennium a space of four years;
quattuor four + annus year; cf. L. quadriennis. See Quadrate, and
Annual.]

1. Comprising four years; as, a quadrennial period.

2. Occurring once in four years, or at the end of every four years;
as, quadrennial games.

QUADRENNIALLY
Quad*ren"ni*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Once in four years.

QUADRENNIUM
Quad*ren"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Quadrennial.]

Defn: A space or period of four years.

QUADRI-
Quad"ri-. Etym: [L., from quattuor four. See Four.]

Defn: A combining form meaning four, four times, fourfold; as,
quadricapsular, having four capsules.

QUADRIBASIC
Quad`ri*ba"sic, a. Etym: [Quadri- + basic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Tetrabasic.

QUADRIBLE
Quad"ri*ble, a.

Defn: Quadrable. [R.]

QUADRIC
Quad"ric, a. (Math.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the second degree.

QUADRIC
Quad"ric, n.
(a) (Alg.) A quantic of the second degree. See Quantic.
(b) (Geom.) A surface whose equation in three variables is of the
second degree. Spheres, spheroids, ellipsoids, paraboloids,
hyperboloids, also cones and cylinders with circular bases, are
quadrics.

QUADRICAPSULAR
Quad`ri*cap"su*lar, a. Etym: [Quadri- + capsular.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having four capsules.

QUADRICEPS
Quad"ri*ceps, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. qyattuor four + caput head.]
(Anat.)

Defn: The great extensor muscle of the knee, divided above into four
parts which unite in a single tendon at the knee.

QUADRICIPITAL
Quad`ri*cip"i*tal, n. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the quadriceps.

QUADRICORN
Quad"ri*corn, n. Etym: [See Quadricornous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any quadricornous animal.

QUADRICORNOUS
Quad`ri*cor"nous, a. Etym: [Quadri- + L. cornu horn: cf. F.
quadricorne.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having four horns, or hornlike organs; as, a quadricornous
beetle.

QUADRICOSTATE
Quad`ri*cos"tate, a. Etym: [Quadri- + costate.]

Defn: Having four ribs.

QUADRIDENTATE
Quad`ri*den"tate, a. Etym: [Quadri- + dentate.]

Defn: Having four teeth; as, a quadridentate leaf.

QUADRIENNIAL
Quad`ri*en"ni*al, a.

Defn: Same as Quadrennial.

QUADRIFARIOUS
Quad`ri*fa"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. quadrifarius fourfold, fr. quattuor
four: cf. F. quadrifarié. Cf. Multifarious.]

Defn: Arranged in four rows or ranks; as, quadrifarious leaves.
Loudon.

QUADRIFID
Quad"ri*fid, a. Etym: [L. quadrifidus; quattuor four + findere to
cleave: cf. F. quadrifide.]

Defn: Divided, or deeply cleft, into four parts; as, a quadrifid
perianth; a quadrifid leaf.

QUADRIFOIL; QUADRIFOLIATE
Quad"ri*foil, Quad`ri*fo"li*ate, a. Etym: [Quadri- + L. folium leaf.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Four-leaved; having the leaves in whorls of four.

QUADRIFURCATED
Quad`ri*fur"ca*ted, a. Etym: [Quadri- + furcated.]

Defn: Having four forks, or branches.

QUADRIGA
Quad*ri"ga, n.; pl. Quadrigæ. Etym: [L. See Quadrijugous.] (Rom.
Antiq.)

Defn: A car or chariot drawn by four horses abreast.

QUADRIGEMINAL; QUADRIGEMINOUS
Quad`ri*gem"i*nal, Quad`ri*gem"i*nous, a. Etym: [Quadri- + L. gemini
twins.]

Defn: Fourfold; having four similar parts, or two pairs of similar
parts. Quadrigeminal bodies (Anat.), two pairs of lobes, or
elevations, on the dorsal side of the midbrain of most mammals; the
optic lobes. The anterior pair are called the nates, and the
posterior the testes.

QUADRIGENARIOUS
Quad`ri*ge*na"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. quadrigeni, quadringeni, four
hundred each.]

Defn: Consisting of four hundred.

QUADRIJUGATE
Quad*rij"u*gate, a.

Defn: Same as Quadrijugous.

QUADRIJUGOUS
Quad*rij"u*gous, a. Etym: [L. quadrijugus of a team of four; quattuor
four + jugum yoke.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pinnate, with four pairs of leaflets; as, a quadrijugous leaf.

QUADRILATERAL
Quad`ri*lat"er*al, a. Etym: [L. quadrilaterus: cf. F. quadrilatère,
quadrilatéral. See Quadri- and Lateral.]

Defn: Having four sides, and consequently four angles; quadrangular.

QUADRILATERAL
Quad`ri*lat"er*al, n.

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A plane figure having four sides, and consequently four angles;
a quadrangular figure; any figure formed by four lines.

2. An area defended by four fortresses supporting each other; as, the
Venetian quadrilateral, comprising Mantua, Peschiera, Verona, and
Legnano. Complete quadrilateral (Geom.), the figure made up of the
six straight lines that can be drawn through four points, A., B, C,
I, the lines being supposed to be produced indefinitely.

QUADRILATERALNESS
Quad`ri*lat"er*al*ness, n.

Defn: The property of being quadrilateral.

QUADRILITERAL
Quad`ri*lit"er*al, a. Etym: [Quadri- + literal.]

Defn: Consisting of four letters.

QUADRILLE
Qua*drille", n. Etym: [F. quadrille, n. fem., fr. Sp. cuadrilla
meeting of four or more persons or It. quadriglia a band of soldiers,
a sort of dance; dim. fr. L. quadra a square, fr. quattuor four. See
Quadrate.]

1. A dance having five figures, in common time, four couples of
dancers being in each set.

2. The appropriate music for a quadrille.

QUADRILLE
Qua*drille", n. Etym: [F. quadrille, n. masc., cf. It. quadriglio; or
perhaps from the Spanish. See Quadrille a dance.]

Defn: A game played by four persons with forty cards, being the
remainder of an ordinary pack after the tens, nines, and eights are
discarded. Hoyle.

QUADRILLION
Quad*ril"lion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. quater four times, akin to
quattuor four, E. four; -- formed like million. See Four, Million.]

Defn: According to the French notation, which is followed also upon
the Continent and in the United States, a unit with fifteen ciphers
annexed; according to the English notation, the number produced by
involving a million to the fourth power, or the number represented by
a unit with twenty-four ciphers annexed. See the Note under
Numeration.

QUADRILOBATE; QUADRILOBED
Quad`ri*lo"bate, Quad`ri*lobed, a. Etym: [Quadri- + lobe: cf. F.
quadrilobé.]

Defn: Having four lobes; as, a quadrilobate leaf.

QUADRILOCULAR
Quad`ri*loc"u*lar, a. Etym: [Quadri- + locular: cf. F.
quadriloculaire.]

Defn: Having four cells, or cavities; as, a quadrilocular heart.

QUADRIN
Quad"rin, n. Etym: [OF., fr. L. quadrini four each, fr. quattuor
four.]

Defn: A small piece of money, in value about a farthing, or a half
cent. [Obs.]

QUADRINODAL
Quad`ri*nod"al, a. Etym: [Quadri- + nodal.] (Math.)

Defn: Possessing four nodes; as, quadrinodal curves.

QUADRINOMIAL
Quad`ri*no"mi*al, n. Etym: [Quadri- + nomial, as in binomial: cf. F.
quadrinôme.] (Alg.)

Defn: A polynomial of four terms connected by the signs plus or
minus.

QUADRINOMICAL
Quad`ri*nom"ic*al, a.

Defn: Quadrinomial.

QUADRINOMINAL
Quad`ri*nom"i*nal, a. Etym: [Quadri- + nominal.] (Alg.)

Defn: Quadrinomial. Sir W. R. Hamilton.

QUADRIPARTITE
Quad*rip"ar*tite, a. Etym: [L. quadripartitus, p. p. of quadripartire
to divide into four parts; quattuor four + partire to divide: cf. F.
quadripartite.]

Defn: Divided into four parts.

QUADRIPARTITELY
Quad*rip"ar*tite*ly, adv.

Defn: In four parts.

QUADRIPARTITION
Quad`ri*par*ti"tion, n. Etym: [L. quadripartitio: cf. F.
quadripartition.]

Defn: A division or distribution by four, or into four parts; also, a
taking the fourth part of any quantity or number.

QUADRIPENNATE
Quad`ri*pen"nate, a. Etym: [Quadri- + pennate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having four wings; -- said of insects.

QUADRIPHYLLOUS
Quad*riph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Quadri + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having four leaves; quadrifoliate.

QUADRIREME
Quad"ri*reme, n. Etym: [L. quadriremis; quattuor four + remus an oar:
cf. F. quadrirème.] (Antiq.)

Defn: A galley with four banks of oars or rowers.

QUADRISECTION
Quad`ri*sec"tion, n. Etym: [Quadri- + section.]

Defn: A subdivision into four parts.

QUADRISULCATE
Quad`ri*sul"cate, a. Etym: [Quadri + sulcate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having four hoofs; as, a quadrisulcate foot; a quadrisulcate
animal.

QUADRISYLLABIC; QUADRI-SYLLABICAL
Quad`ri*syl*lab"ic, Quad`ri-syl*lab"ic*al,

Defn: Having four syllables; of or pertaining to quadrisyllables; as,
a quadrisyllabic word.

QUADRISYLLABLE
Quad`ri*syl"la*ble, n. Etym: [Quadri- + syllable: cf. F.
quadrisyllabe.]

Defn: A word consisting of four syllables. De Quincey.

QUADRIVALENCE
Quad*riv"a*lence, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The quality or state of being quadrivalent; tetravalence.

QUADRIVALENT
Quad*riv"a*lent, a. Etym: [Quadri- + L. valens, -entis, p. pr. See
Valence.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having a valence of four; capable of combining with, being
replaced by, or compared with, four monad atoms; tetravalent; -- said
of certain atoms and radicals; thus, carbon and silicon are
quadrivalent elements.

QUADRIVALVE
Quad"ri*valve, a. Etym: [Quadri- + valve: cf. F. quadrivalve.] (Bot.)

Defn: Dehiscent into four similar parts; four-valved; as, a
quadrivalve pericarp.

QUADRIVALVE
Quad"ri*valve, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A door, shutter, or the like, having four folds.

QUADRIVALVULAR
Quad`ri*val"vu*lar, a.

Defn: Having four valves; quadrivalve.

QUADRIVIAL
Quad*riv"i*al, a. Etym: [L. quadrivium a place where four ways meet;
quattuor four + via way.]

Defn: Having four ways meeting in a point. B. Jonson.

QUADRIVIAL
Quad*riv"i*al, n.

Defn: One of the four "liberal arts" making up the quadrivium.

QUADRIVIUM
Quad*riv"i*um, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: The four "liberal arts," arithmetic, music, geometry, and
astronomy; -- so called by the schoolmen. See Trivium.

QUADROON
Quad*roon", n. Etym: [F. quarteron, or Sp. cuarteron. See Quarter a
fourth part, and cf. Quarteron.]

Defn: The offspring of a mulatto and a white person; a person
quarter-blooded. [Written also quarteron, quarteroon, and quateron.]

QUADROXIDE
Quad*rox"ide, n. Etym: [Quadri- + oxide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A tetroxide. [R.]

QUADRUMANA
Quad*ru"ma*na, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Quadrumane.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the Primates comprising the apes and monkeys; --
so called because the hind foot is usually prehensile, and the great
toe opposable somewhat like a thumb. Formerly the Quadrumana were
considered an order distinct from the Bimana, which last included man
alone.

QUADRUMANE
Quad"ru*mane, n. Etym: [L. quattuor four + manus a hand: cf. F.
quadrumane.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Quadrumana.

QUADRUMANOUS
Quad*ru"ma*nous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having four hands; of or pertaining to the Quadrumana.

QUADRUPED
Quad"ru*ped, a. Etym: [L. quadrupes, -pedis; quattuor four + pes,
pedis, a foot: cf. F. quadrupède. See Quadrate, and Foot.]

Defn: Having four feet.

QUADRUPED
Quad"ru*ped, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal having four feet, as most mammals and reptiles; --
often restricted to the mammals.

QUADRUPEDAL
Quad*ru"pe*dal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having four feet; of or pertaining to a quadruped.

QUADRUPLANE
Quad"ru*plane, n. [L. quadru-in comp. + E. plane.]

Defn: An aëroplane with four superposed main supporting surfaces.

QUADRUPLE
Quad"ru*ple, a. Etym: [L. quadruplus, from quattuor four: cf. F.
quadruple. See Quadrate, and cf. Double.]

Defn: Fourfold; as, to make quadruple restitution; a quadruple
alliance. Quadruple time (Mus.), that in which each measure is
divided into four equal parts.

QUADRUPLE
Quad"ru*ple, n. Etym: [Cf. F. quadruple, L. quadruplum.]

Defn: four times the sum or number; a fourfold amount; as, to receive
to quadruple of the amount in damages.

QUADRUPLE
Quad"ru*ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quadrupled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Quadrupling.] Etym: [L. quadruplare: cf. F. quadrupler.]

Defn: To multiply by four; to increase fourfold; to double; to double
twice. A. Smith.

QUADRUPLE
Quad"ru*ple, v. i.

Defn: To be multiplied by four; to increase fourfold; to become four
times as much.

QUADRUPLET
Quad"ru*plet, n. [From Quadruple.]

1. A collection or combination of four of a kind.

2.  pl. Four children born in the same labor.

3.  A cycle for carrying four riders, so arranged that all the reders
can assist in the propulsion.

QUADRUPLEX
Quad"ru*plex, a. Etym: [L., from quattuor four + plicare to fold.]

Defn: Fourfold; folded or doubled twice. Quadruplex system (Electric
Telegraph), a system by which four messages, two in each direction,
may be sent simultaneously over the wire.

QUADRUPLICATE
Quad*ru"pli*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quadruplicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Quadruplicating.] Etym: [L. quadruplicatus, p. p. of quadruplicare,
fr. quadrupleQuadruplex.]

Defn: To make fourfold; to double twice; to quadruple.

QUADRUPLICATE
Quad*ru"pli*cate, a. Etym: [L. quadruplicatus, p. p.]

1. Fourfold; doubled twice; four times repeated; as, a quadruplicate
ratio, or a quadruplicate proportion.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Raised to the fourth power. [R.]

QUADRUPLICATION
Quad`ru*pli*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. quadruplicatio: cf. F.
quadruplication.]

Defn: The act of making fourfold; a taking four times the simple sum
or amount.

QUADRUPLY
Quad"ru*ply, adv.

Defn: To a fourfold quantity; so as to be, or cause to be, quadruple;
as, to be quadruply recompensed.

QUAERE
Quæ"re, v. imperative. Etym: [L., imperative of quaerere to seek.]

Defn: Inquire; question; see; -- used to signify doubt or to suggest
investigation.

QUAESTOR
Quæs"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Same as Questor.

QUAFF
Quaff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quaffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Quaffing.] Etym:
[For quach, fr. Gael. & Ir. cuach a drinking cup; cf. L. caucus a
drinking vessel. Cf. Quaigh.]

Defn: To drink with relish; to drink copiously of; to swallow in
large draughts. "Quaffed off the muscadel." Shak.
They eat, they drink, and in communion sweet Quaff immortality and
joy. Milton.

QUAFF
Quaff, v. i.

Defn: To drink largely or luxuriously.
Twelve days the gods their solemn revels keep, And quaff with
blameless Ethiops in the deep. Dryden.

QUAFFER
Quaff"er, n.

Defn: One who quaffs, or drinks largely.

QUAG
Quag, n.

Defn: A quagmire. [R.] "Crooked or straight, through quags or thorny
dells." Cowper.

QUAGGA
Quag"ga, n. Etym: [Hottentot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South African wild ass (Equus, or Hippotigris, quagga). The
upper parts are reddish brown, becoming paler behind and behind and
beneath, with dark stripes on the face, neck, and fore part of the
body.

QUAGGY
Quag"gy, a.Etym: [See Quag, Quagmire.]

Defn: Of the nature of a quagmire; yielding or trembling under the
foot, as soft, wet earth; spongy; boggy. "O'er the watery strath, or
quaggy moss." Collins.

QUAGMIRE
Quag"mire`, n. Etym: [Quake + mire.]

Defn: Soft, wet, miry land, which shakes or yields under the feet. "A
spot surrounded by quagmires, which rendered it difficult of access."
Palfrey.

Syn.
 -- Morass; marsh; bog; swamp; fen; slough.

QUAHOG; QUAHAUG
Qua"hog, Qua"haug, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. Narragansett Indian
poquaûhock.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American market clam (Venus mercenaria). It is sold in large
quantities, and is highly valued as food. Called also round clam, and
hard clam.

Note: The name is also applied to other allied species, as Venus
Mortoni of the Gulf of Mexico.

QUAIGH; QUAICH
Quaigh, Quaich, n. Etym: [Gael.cuach. Cf. Quaff.]

Defn: A small shallow cup or drinking vessel. [Scot.] [Written also
quegh.]

QUAIL
Quail, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Qualled; p. pr. & vb. n. Qualling.] Etym:
[AS.cwelan to die, perish; akin to cwalu violent death, D. kwaal
pain, G. qual torment, OHG. quelan to suffer torment, Lith. gelti to
hurt, gela pain. Cf. Quell.]

1. To die; to perish; hence, to wither; to fade. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To become quelled; to become cast down; to sink under trial or
apprehension of danger; to lose the spirit and power of resistance;
to lose heart; to give way; to shrink; to cower.
The atheist power shall quail, and confess his fears. I. Taylor.
Stouter hearts than a woman's have quailed in this terrible winter.
Longfellow.

Syn.
 -- to cower; flinch; shrink; quake; tremble; blench; succumb; yield.

QUAIL
Quail, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Quell.]

Defn: To cause to fail in spirit or power; to quell; to crush; to
subdue. [Obs.] Spenser.

QUAIL
Quail, v. i. Etym: [OF. coaillier, F. cailler, from L. coagulare. See
Coagulate.]

Defn: To curdle; to coagulate, as milk. [Obs.] Holland.

QUAIL
Quail, n. Etym: [OF. quaille, F. caille, LL. quaquila, qualia,
qualea, of Dutch or German origin; cf. D. kwakkel, kwartel, OHG.
wahtala, G. wachtel.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any gallinaceous bird belonging to Coturnix and several allied
genera of the Old World, especially the common European quail (C.
communis), the rain quail (C. Coromandelica) of India, the stubble
quail (C. pectoralis), and the Australian swamp quail (Synoicus
australis).

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several American partridges belonging to Colinus,
Callipepla, and allied genera, especially the bobwhite (called
Virginia quail, and Maryland quail), and the California quail
(Calipepla Californica).

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of Turnix and allied genera, native
of the Old World, as the Australian painted quail (Turnix varius).
See Turnix.

4. A prostitute; -- so called because the quail was thought to be a
very amorous bird.[Obs.] Shak. Bustard quail (Zoöl.), a small Asiatic
quail-like bird of the genus Turnix, as T. taigoor, a black-breasted
species, and the hill bustard quail (T. ocellatus). See Turnix.
 -- Button quail (Zoöl.), one of several small Asiatic species of
Turnix, as T. Sykesii, which is said to be the smallest game bird of
India.
 -- Mountain quail. See under Mountain.
 -- Quail call, a call or pipe for alluring quails into a net or
within range.
 -- Quail dove (Zoöl.), any one of several American ground pigeons
belonging to Geotrygon and allied genera.
 -- Quail hawk (Zoöl.), the New Zealand sparrow hawk (Hieracidea
Novæ-Hollandiæ).
 -- Quail pipe. See Quail call, above.
 -- Quail snipe (Zoöl.), the dowitcher, or red-breasted snipe; --
called also robin snipe, and brown snipe.
 -- Sea quail (Zoöl.), the turnstone. [Local, U. S.]

QUAILY
Quail"y, n. Etym: [Cf. Quail the bird.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The upland plover. [Canadian]

QUAINT
Quaint, a. Etym: [OE. queint, queynte, coint, prudent, wise, cunning,
pretty, odd, OF. cointe cultivated, amiable, agreeable, neat, fr. L.
cognitus known, p. p. of cognoscere to know; con + noscere (for
gnoscere) to know. See Know, and cf. Acquaint, Cognition.]

1. Prudent; wise; hence, crafty; artful; wily. [Obs.]
Clerks be full subtle and full quaint. Chaucer.

2. Characterized by ingenuity or art; finely fashioned; skillfully
wrought; elegant; graceful; nice; neat. [Archaic] " The queynte
ring." " His queynte spear." Chaucer. " A shepherd young quaint."
Chapman.
Every look was coy and wondrous quaint. Spenser.
To show bow quaint an orator you are. Shak.

3. Curious and fanciful; affected; odd; whimsical; antique; archaic;
singular; unusual; as, quaint architecture; a quaint expression.
Some stroke of quaint yet simple pleasantry. Macaulay.
An old, long-faced, long-bodied servant in quaint livery. W. Irving.

Syn.
 -- Quaint, Odd, Antique. Antique is applied to that which has come
down from the ancients, or which is made to imitate some ancient work
of art. Odd implies disharmony, incongruity, or unevenness. An odd
thing or person is an exception to general rules of calculation and
procedure, or expectation and common experience. In the current use
of quaint, the two ideas of odd and antique are combined, and the
word is commonly applied to that which is pleasing by reason of both
these qualities. Thus, we speak of the quaint architecture of many
old buildings in London; or a quaint expression, uniting at once the
antique and the fanciful.

QUAINTISE
Quain"tise, n. Etym: [OF. cointise.]

1. Craft; subtlety; cunning. [Obs.] Chaucer. R. of Glouces.

2. Elegance; beauty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

QUAINTLY
Quaint"ly, adv.

Defn: In a quaint manner. Shak.

QUAINTNESS
Quaint"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being quaint. Pope.

QUAIR
Quair, n. Etym: [See 3d Quire.]

Defn: A quire; a book. [Obs.] " The king's quhair." James I. (of
Scotland).

QUAKE
Quake, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quaked; p. pr. & vb. n. Quaking.] Etym:
[AS. cwacian; cf. G. quackeln. Cf. Quagmire.]

1. To be agitated with quick, short motions continually repeated; to
shake with fear, cold, etc.; to shudder; to tremble. Quaking for
dread." Chaucer.
She stood quaking like the partridge on which the hawk is ready to
seize. Sir P. Sidney.

2. To shake, vibrate, or quiver, either from not being solid, as
soft, wet land, or from violent convulsion of any kind; as, the earth
quakes; the mountains quake. " Over quaking bogs." Macaulay.

QUAKE
Quake, v. t. Etym: [Cf. AS. cweccan to move, shake. See Quake, v. t.]

Defn: To cause to quake. [Obs.] Shak.

QUAKE
Quake, n.

Defn: A tremulous agitation; a quick vibratory movement; a shudder; a
quivering.

QUAKER
Quak"er, n.

1. One who quakes.

2. One of a religious sect founded by George Fox, of Leicestershire,
England, about 1650, -- the members of which call themselves Friends.
They were called Quakers, originally, in derision. See Friend, n., 4.
Fox's teaching was primarily a preaching of repentance . . . The
trembling among the listening crowd caused or confirmed the name of
Quakers given to the body; men and women sometimes fell down and lay
struggling as if for life. Encyc. Brit.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) The nankeen bird.
(b) The sooty albatross.
(c) Any grasshopper or locust of the genus (Edipoda; -- so called
from the quaking noise made during flight. Quaker buttons. (Bot.) See
Nux vomica.
 -- Quaker gun, a dummy cannon made of wood or other material; -- so
called because the sect of Friends, or Quakers, hold to the doctrine,
of nonresistance.
 -- Quaker ladies (Bot.), a low American biennial plant (Houstonia
cærulea), with pretty four-lobed corollas which are pale blue with a
yellowish center; -- also called bluets, and little innocents.

QUAKERESS
Quak"er*ess, n.

Defn: A woman who is a member of the Society of Friends.

QUAKERISH
Quak"er*ish, a.

Defn: Like or pertaining to a Quaker; Quakerlike.

QUAKERISM
Quak"er*ism, n.

Defn: The peculiar character, manners, tenets, etc., of the Quakers.

QUAKERLIKE
Quak"er*like, a.

Defn: Like a Quaker.

QUAKERLY
Quak"er*ly, a.

Defn: Resembling Quakers; Quakerlike; Quakerish. Macaulay.

QUAKERY
Quak"er*y, n.

Defn: Quakerism. [Obs.] Hallywell.

QUAKETAIL
Quake"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wagtail.

QUAKINESS
Quak"i"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being quaky; liability to quake.

QUAKING
Quak"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Quake, v. Quaking aspen (Bot.), an American
species of poplar (Populus tremuloides), the leaves of which tremble
in the lightest breeze. It much resembles the European aspen. See
Aspen.
 -- Quaking bog, a bog of forming peat so saturated with water that
it shakes when trodden upon.
 -- Quaking grass. (Bot.) (a) One of several grasses of the genus
Briza, having slender-stalked and pendulous ovate spikelets, which
quake and rattle in the wind. Briza maxima is the large quaking
grass; B. media and B. minor are the smaller kinds. (b) Rattlesnake
grass (Glyceria Canadensis).

QUAKINGLY
Quak"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a quaking manner; fearfully. Sir P. Sidney.

QUAKY
Quak"y, a.

Defn: Shaky, or tremulous; quaking.

QUALIFIABLE
Qual"i*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being qualified; abatable; modifiable. Barrow.

QUALIFICATION
Qual`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. qualification. See Qualify.]

1. The act of qualifying, or the condition of being qualified.

2. That which qualifies; any natural endowment, or any acquirement,
which fits a person for a place, office, or employment, or which
enables him to sustian any character with success; an enabling
quality or circumstance; requisite capacity or possession.
There is no qualification for government but virtue and wisdom,
actual or presumptive. Burke.

3. The act of limiting, or the state of being limited; that which
qualifies by limiting; modification; restriction; hence, abatement;
diminution; as, to use words without any qualification.

QUALIFICATIVE
Qual"i*fi*ca*tive, n.

Defn: That which qualifies, modifies, or restricts; a qualifying term
or statement.
How many qualificatives, correctives, and restrictives he inserteth
in this relation. Fuller.

QUALIFICATOR
Qual"i*fi*ca`tor, n. Etym: [LL.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: An officer whose business it is to examine and prepare causes
for trial in the ecclesiastical courts.

QUALIFIED
Qual"i*fied, a.

1. Fitted by accomplishments or endowments.

2. Modified; limited; as, a qualified statement. Qualified fee (Law),
a base fee, or an estate which has a qualification annexed to it, the
fee ceasing with the qualification, as a grant to A and his heirs,
tenants of the manor of Dale.
 -- Qualified indorsement (Law), an indorsement which modifies the
liability of the indorser that would result from the general
principles of law, but does not affect the negotiability of the
instrument. Story.
 -- Qualified negative (Legislation), a limited veto power, by which
the chief executive in a constitutional government may refuse assent
to bills passed by the legislative body, which bills therefore fail
to become laws unless upon a reconsideration the legislature again
passes them by a certain majority specified in the constitution, when
they become laws without the approval of the executive. Qualified
property (Law), that which depends on temporary possession, as that
in wild animals reclaimed, or as in the case of a bailment.

Syn.
 -- Competent; fit; adapted.
 -- Qualified, Competent. Competent is most commonly used with
respect to native endowments and general ability suited to the
performance of a task or duty; qualified with respect to specific
acquirements and training.

QUALIFIEDLY
Qual"i*fied`ly, adv.

Defn: In the way of qualification; with modification or
qualification.

QUALIFIEDNESS
Qual"i*fied`ness, n.

Defn: The state of being qualified.

QUALIFIER
Qual"i*fi`er

Defn: , One who, or that which, qualifies; that which modifies,
reduces, tempers or restrains.

QUALIFY
Qual"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Qualified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Qualifying.] Etym: [F. qualifier, LL. qualificare, fr. L. qualis how
constituted, as + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Quality, and -Fy.]

1. To make such as is required; to give added or requisite qualities
to; to fit, as for a place, office, occupation, or character; to
furnish with the knowledge, skill, or other accomplishment necessary
for a purpose; to make capable, as of an employment or privilege; to
supply with legal power or capacity.
He had qualified himself for municipal office by taking the oaths to
the sovereigns in possession. Macaulay.

2. To give individual quality to; to modulate; to vary; to regulate.
It hath no larynx . . . to qualify the sound. Sir T. Browne.

3. To reduce from a general, undefined, or comprehensive form, to
particular or restricted form; to modify; to limit; to restrict; to
restrain; as, to qualify a statement, claim, or proposition.

4. Hence, to soften; to abate; to diminish; to assuage; to reduce the
strength of, as liquors.
I do not seek to quench your love's hot fire, But qualify the fire's
extreme rage. Shak.

5. To soothe; to cure; -- said of persons. [Obs.]
In short space he has them qualified. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- To fit; equip; prepare; adapt; capacitate; enable; modify;
soften; restrict; restrain; temper.

QUALIFY
Qual"i*fy, v. i.

1. To be or become qualified; to be fit, as for an office or
employment.

2. To obtain legal power or capacity by taking the oath, or complying
with the forms required, on assuming an office.

QUALITATIVE
Qual"i*ta*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. gualitativus, F. qualitatif.]

Defn: Relating to quality; having the character of quality.
 -- Qual"i*ta*tive*ly, adv. Qualitative analysis (Chem.), analysis
which merely determines the constituents of a substance without any
regard to the quantity of each ingredient; -- contrasted with
quantitative analysis.

QUALITIED
Qual"i*tied, a.

Defn: Furnished with qualities; endowed. [Obs.] "He was well
qualitied." Chapman.

QUALITY
Qual"i*ty, n.; pl. Qualities. Etym: [F. qualité, L. qualitas, fr.
qualis how constituted, as; akin to E. which. See Which.]

1. The condition of being of such and such a sort as distinguished
from others; nature or character relatively considered, as of goods;
character; sort; rank.
We lived most joyful, obtaining acquaintance with many of the city
not of the meanest quality. Bacon

2. Special or temporary character; profession; occupation; assumed or
asserted rank, part, or position.
I made that inquiry in quality of an antiquary. Gray.

3. That which makes, or helps to make, anything such as it is;
anything belonging to a subject, or predicable of it; distinguishing
property, characteristic, or attribute; peculiar power, capacity, or
virtue; distinctive trait; as, the tones of a flute differ from those
of a violin in quality; the great quality of a statesman.

Note: Qualities, in metaphysics, are primary or secondary. Primary
are those essential to the existence, and even the conception, of the
thing, as of matter or spirit Secondary are those not essential to
such a conception.

4. An acquired trait; accomplishment; acquisition.
He had those qualities of horsemanship, dancing, and fencing which
accompany a good breeding. Clarendon.

5. Superior birth or station; high rank; elevated character. "Persons
of quality." Bacon. Quality binding, a kind of worsted tape used in
Scotland for binding carpets, and the like. The quality, those of
high rank or station, as distinguished from the masses, or common
people; the nobility; the gentry.
I shall appear at the masquerade dressed up in my feathers, that the
quality may see how pretty they will look in their traveling habits.
Addison.

Syn.
 -- Property; attribute; nature; peculiarity; character; sort; rank;
disposition; temper.

QUALM
Qualm, n. Etym: [AS. cwealm death, slaughter, pestilence, akin to OS.
& OHG. qualm. See Quail to cower.]

1. Sickness; disease; pestilence; death. [Obs.]
thousand slain and not of qualm ystorve [dead]. Chaucer.

2. A sudden attack of illness, faintness, or pain; an agony. " Qualms
of heartsick agony." Milton.

3. Especially, a sudden sensation of nausea.
For who, without a qualm, hath ever looked On holy garbage, though by
Homer cooked Roscommon.

4. A prick or scruple of conscience; uneasiness of conscience;
compunction. Dryden.

QUALMISH
Qualm"ish, a.

Defn: Sick at the stomach; affected with nausea or sickly languor;
inclined to vomit. Shak.
 -- Qualm"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Qualm"ish*ness, n.

QUAMASH
Quam"ash, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Camass.

QUAMOCLIT
Quam"o*clit, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Formerly, a genus of plants including the cypress vine
(Quamoclit vulgaris, now called Ipomoea Quamoclit). The genus is now
merged in Ipomoea.

QUANDARY
Quan"da*ry, n.; pl. Quandaries. Etym: [Prob. fr. OE. wandreth
adversity, perplexity, Icel. wandræedhi difficulty, trouble, fr.
vandr difficult.]

Defn: A state of difficulty or perplexity; doubt; uncertainty.

QUANDARY
Quan"da*ry, v. t.

Defn: To bring into a state of uncertainty, perplexity, or
difficulty. [Obs.] Otway.

QUANDONG
Quan"dong, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The edible drupaceous fruit of an Australian tree (Fusanus
acuminatus) of the Sandalwood family; -- called also quandang.

QUANDY
Quan"dy, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The old squaw. [Local, U. S.]

QUANNET
Quan"net, n.

Defn: A flat file having the handle at one side, so as to be used
like a plane.

QUANT
Quant, n.

Defn: A punting pole with a broad flange near the end to prevent it
from sinking into the mud; a setting pole.

QUANTIC
Quan"tic, n. Etym: [L. quantus how much. See Quantity.] (Math.)

Defn: A homogeneous algebraic function of two or more variables, in
general containing only positive integral powers of the variables,
and called quadric, cubic, quartic, etc., according as it is of the
second, third, fourth, fifth, or a higher degree. These are further
called binary, ternary, quaternary, etc., according as they contain
two, three, four, or more variables; thus, the quantic is a binary
cubic.

QUANTIFICATION
Quan`ti*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [See Quantity.]

Defn: Modification by a reference to quantity; the introduction of
the element of quantity.
The quantification of the predicate belongs in part to Sir William
Hamilton; viz., in its extension to negative propositions. De
Quincey.

QUANTIFY
Quan"ti*fy v. t. Etym: [L. quantus now much + -fy.]

Defn: To modify or qualify with respect to quantity; to fix or
express the quantity of; to rate.

QUANTITATIVE
Quan"ti*ta*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. quantitatif.]

Defn: Relating to quantity.
 -- Quan"ti*ta*tive*ly, adv. Quantitative analysis (Chem.), analysis
which determines the amount or quantity of each ingredient of a
substance, by weight or by volume; -- contrasted with qualitative
analysis.

QUANTITIVE
Quan"ti*tive, a. Etym: [See Quantity.]

Defn: Estimable according to quantity; quantitative. Sir K. Digby.

QUANTITIVELY
Quan"ti*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to be measurable by quantity; quantitatively.

QUANTITY
Quan"ti*ty, n.; pl. Quantities. Etym: [F. quantite, L. quantitas, fr.
quantus bow great, how much, akin to quam bow, E. how, who. See Who.]

1. The attribute of being so much, and not more or less; the property
of being measurable, or capable of increase and decrease,
multiplication and division; greatness; and more concretely, that
which answers the question "How much"; measure in regard to bulk or
amount; determinate or comparative dimensions; measure; amount; bulk;
extent; size. Hence, in specific uses:
(a) (Logic) The extent or extension of a general conception, that is,
the number of species or individuals to which it may be applied;
also, its content or comprehension, that is, the number of its
constituent qualities, attributes, or relations.
(b) (Gram.) The measure of a syllable; that which determines the time
in which it is pronounced; as, the long or short quantity of a vowel
or syllable.
(c) (Mus.) The relative duration of a tone.

2. That which can be increased, diminished, or measured; especially
(Math.), anything to which mathematical processes are applicable.

Note: Quantity is discrete when it is applied to separate objects, as
in number; continuous, when the parts are connected, either in
succession, as in time, motion, etc., or in extension, as by the
dimensions of space, viz., length, breadth, and thickness.

3. A determinate or estimated amount; a sum or bulk; a certain
portion or part; sometimes, a considerable amount; a large portion,
bulk, or sum; as, a medicine taken in quantities, that is, in large
quantities.
The quantity of extensive and curious information which he had picked
up during many months of desultory, but not unprofitable, study.
Macaulay.
Quantity of estate (Law), its time of continuance, or degree of
interest, as in fee, for life, or for years. Wharton (Law Dict. ) --
Quantity of matter, in a body, its mass, as determined by its weight,
or by its momentum under a given velocity.
 -- Quantity of motion (Mech.), in a body, the relative amount of its
motion, as measured by its momentum, varying as the product of mass
and velocity.
 -- Known quantities (Math.), quantities whose values are given.
 -- Unknown quantities (Math.), quantities whose values are sought.

QUANTIVALENCE
Quan*tiv"a*lence, n. Etym: [L. quantus how much + E. valence.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Valence. [Archaic]

QUANTIVALENT
Quan*tiv"a*lent, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to quantivalence. [Archaic]

QUANTUM
Quan"tum, n.; pl. Quanta. Etym: [L., neuter of quantus how great, how
much. See Quantity,]

1. Quantity; amount. "Without authenticating . . . the quantum of the
charges." Burke.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A definite portion of a manifoldness, limited by a mark or by a
boundary. W. K. Clifford. Quantum meruit ( Etym: [L., as much as he
merited] (Law), a count in an action grounded on a promise that the
defendant would pay to the plaintiff for his service as much as he
should deserve.
 -- Quantum sufficit (, or Quantum suff. Etym: [L., as much suffices]
(Med.), a sufficient quantity.
 -- Quantum valebat ( Etym: [L., as much at it was worth] (Law), a
count in an action to recover of the defendant, for goods sold, as
much as they were worth. Blackstone.

QUAP
Quap, v. i.

Defn: To quaver. [Obs.] See Quob.

QUAQUAVERSAL
Qua`qua*ver"sal, a. Etym: [L. quaqua wheresoever, whithersoever +
versus, p. p. of vertere to turn.]

1. Turning or dipping in any or every direction.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Dipping toward all points of the compass round a center, as
beds of lava round a crater.

QUAR
Quar, n.

Defn: A quarry. [Prov. Eng.] B. Jonson.

QUARANTINE
Quar"an*tine, n. Etym: [F. quarantaine, OF. quaranteine, fr. F.
quarante forty, L. quadraginta, akin to quattuor four, and E. four:
cf. It. quarantina, quarentine. See Four, and cf. Quadragesima.]

1. A space of forty days; -- used of Lent.

2. Specifically, the term, originally of forty days, during which a
ship arriving in port, and suspected of being infected a malignant
contagious disease, is obliged to forbear all intercourse with the
shore; hence, such restraint or inhibition of intercourse; also, the
place where infected or prohibited vessels are stationed.

Note: Quarantine is now applied also to any forced stoppage of travel
or communication on account of malignant contagious disease, on land
as well as by sea.

3. (Eng. Law)

Defn: The period of forty days during which the widow had the
privilege of remaining in the mansion house of which her husband died
seized. Quarantine flag, a yellow flag hoisted at the fore of a
vessel or hung from a building, to give warning of an infectious
disease; -- called also the yellow jack, and yellow flag.

QUARANTINE
Quar`an*tine", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quarantined; p. pr. & vb. n.
Quarantining.]

Defn: To compel to remain at a distance, or in a given place, without
intercourse, when suspected of having contagious disease; to put
under, or in, quarantine.

QUARL
Quarl, n. Etym: [Cf. G. qualle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A medusa, or jellyfish. [R.]
The jellied quarl that flings At once a thousand streaming stings. J.
R. Drake.

QUARREL
Quar"rel, n. Etym: [OE. quarel, OF. quarrel, F. carreau, LL.
quadrellus, from L. quadrus square. See Quadrate, and cf. Quadrel,
Quarry an arrow, Carrel.]

1. An arrow for a crossbow; -- so named because it commonly had a
square head. [Obs.]
To shoot with arrows and quarrel. Sir J. Mandeville.
Two arblasts, . . . with windlaces and quarrels. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Any small square or quadrangular member; as:
(a) A square of glass, esp. when set diagonally.
(b) A small opening in window tracery, of which the cusps, etc., make
the form nearly square.
(c) A square or lozenge-shaped paving tile.

3. A glazier's diamond. Simmonds.

4. A four-sided cutting tool or chisel having a diamond-shaped end.

QUARREL
Quar"rel, n. Etym: [OE. querele, OF. querele, F. querelle, fr. L.
querela, querella, a complaint, fr. queri to complain. See
Querulous.]

1. A breach of concord, amity, or obligation; a falling out; a
difference; a disagreement; an antagonism in opinion, feeling, or
conduct; esp., an angry dispute, contest, or strife; a brawl; an
altercation; as, he had a quarrel with his father about expenses.
I will bring a sword upon you that shall avenge the quarrel of my
covenant. Lev. xxvi. 25.
On open seas their quarrels they debate. Dryden.

2. Ground of objection, dislike, difference, or hostility; cause of
dispute or contest; occasion of altercation.
Herodias had a quarrel against him, and would have killed him. Mark
vi. 19.
No man hath any quarrel to me. Shak.
He thought he had a good quarrel to attack him. Holinshed.

3. Earnest desire or longing. [Obs.] Holland. To pick a quarrel. See
under Pick, v. t.

Syn.
 -- Brawl; broil; squabble; affray; feud; tumult; contest; dispute;
altercation; contention; wrangle.

QUARREL
Quar"rel, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quarreled or Quarrelled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Quarreling or Quarrelling.]

1. To violate concord or agreement; to have a difference; to fall
out; to be or become antagonistic.
Our people quarrel with obedience. Shak.
But some defect in her Did quarrel with the noblest grace she owed.
Shak.

2. To dispute angrily, or violently; to wrangle; to scold; to
altercate; to contend; to fight.
Beasts called sociable quarrel in hunger and lust. Sir W. Temple.

3. To find fault; to cavil; as, to quarrel with one's lot.
I will not quarrel with a slight mistake. Roscommon.

QUARREL
Quar"rel, v. t.

1. To quarrel with. [R.] "I had quarelled my brother purposely." B.
Jonson.

2. To compel by a quarrel; as, to quarrel a man out of his estate or
rights.

QUARREL
Quar"rel, n. Etym: [Written also quarreller.]

Defn: One who quarrels or wrangles; one who is quarrelsome. Shak.

QUARRELET
Quar"rel*et, n.

Defn: A little quarrel. See 1st Quarrel, 2. [Obs.] "Quarrelets of
pearl [teeth]." Herrick.

QUARRELING
Quar"rel*ing, a.

Defn: Engaged in a quarrel; apt or disposed to quarrel; as,
quarreling factions; a quarreling mood.
 -- Quar"rel*ing*ly, adv.

QUARRELLOUS
Quar"rel*lous, a. Etym: [OF. querelous, F. querelleux, L. querulosus
and querulus, fr. queri to complain. See 2d Quarrel.]

Defn: Quarrelsome. [Obs.] [Written also quarrellous.] Shak.

QUARRELSOME
Quar"rel*some, a.

Defn: Apt or disposed to quarrel; given to brawls and contention;
easily irritated or provoked to contest; irascible; choleric.

Syn.
 -- Pugnacious; irritable; irascible; brawling; choleric; fiery;
petulant.
 -- Quar"rel*some*ly, adv.
 -- Quar"rel*some*ness, n.

QUARRIED
Quar"ried, a.

Defn: Provided with prey.
Now I am bravely quarried. Beau. & Fl.

QUARRIER
Quar"ri*er, n.

Defn: A worker in a stone quarry.

QUARRY
Quar"ry, n. Etym: [OE. quarre, OF. quarré square, F. carré, from L.
quadratus square, quadrate, quadratum a square. See Quadrate, and cf.
Quarrel an arrow.]

Defn: Same as 1st Quarrel. [Obs.] Fairfax.

QUARRY
Quar"ry, a. Etym: [OF. quarré.]

Defn: Quadrate; square. [Obs.]

QUARRY
Quar"ry, n.; pl. Quarries. Etym: [OE. querre, OF. cuiriée, F. curée,
fr. cuir hide, leather, fr. L. corium; the quarry given to the dogs
being wrapped in the akin of the beast. See Cuirass.]

1.
(a) A part of the entrails of the beast taken, given to the hounds.
(b) A heap of game killed.

2. The object of the chase; the animal hunted for; game; especially,
the game hunted with hawks. "The stone-dead quarry." Spenser.
The wily quarry shunned the shock. Sir W. Scott.

QUARRY
Quar"ry, v. i.

Defn: To secure prey; to prey, as a vulture or harpy. L'Estrange.

QUARRY
Quar"ry, n. Etym: [OE. quarrere, OF. quariere, F. carrière, LL.
quadraria a quarry, whence squared (quadrati) stones are dug, fr.
quadratus square. See Quadrate.]

Defn: A place, cavern, or pit where stone is taken from the rock or
ledge, or dug from the earth, for building or other purposes; a stone
pit. See 5th Mine (a).

QUARRY
Quar"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quarried; p. pr. & vb. n. Quarrying.]

Defn: To dig or take from a quarry; as, to quarry marble.

QUARRY-FACED
Quar"ry-faced`, a. (Stone Masonry)

Defn: Having a face left as it comes from the quarry and not smoothed
with the chisel or point; -- said of stones.

QUARRY-MAN
Quar"ry-man, n.; pl. Quarrymen (.

Defn: A man who is engaged in quarrying stones; a quarrier.

QUART
Quart, n. Etym: [F. quart, n. masc., fr. L. quartus the fourth, akin
to quattuor four. See Four, and cf. 2d Carte, Quarto.]

Defn: The fourth part; a quarter; hence, a region of the earth.
[Obs.]
Camber did possess the western quart. Spenser.

QUART
Quart, n. Etym: [F. quarte, n. fem., fr. quart fourth. See Quart a
quarter.]

1. A measure of capacity, both in dry and in liquid measure; the
fourth part of a gallon; the eighth part of a peck; two pints.

Note: In imperial measure, a quart is forty English fluid ounces; in
wine measure, it is thirty-two American fluid ounces. The United
States dry quart contains 67.20 cubic inches, the fluid quart 57.75.
The English quart contains 69.32 cubic inches.

2. A vessel or measure containing a quart.

QUART
Quart, n. Etym: [See Quart a quarter.]

Defn: In cards, four successive cards of the same suit. Cf. Tierce,
4. Hoyle.

QUARTAN
Quar"tan, a. Etym: [F. quartain, in fièvre quartaine, L. quartanus,
fr. quartus the fourth. See Quart.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the fourth; occurring every fourth day,
reckoning inclusively; as, a quartan ague, or fever.

QUARTAN
Quar"tan, n.

1. (Med.)

Defn: An intermittent fever which returns every fourth day, reckoning
inclusively, that is, one in which the interval between paroxysms is
two days.

2. A measure, the fourth part of some other measure.

QUARTANE
Quar"tane, n. Etym: [L. quartus the fourth.] (Chem.)

Defn: Butane, each molecule of which has four carbon atoms.

QUARTATION
Quar*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. quartus the fourth: cf. F. quartation. So
called because usually enough silver is added to make the amount of
gold in the alloyed button about one fourth.] (Chem. & Assaying)

Defn: The act, process, or result (in the process of parting) of
alloying a button of nearly pure gold with enough silver to reduce
the fineness so as to allow acids to attack and remove all metals
except the gold; -- called also inquartation. Compare Parting.

QUARTE
Quarte, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Same as 2d Carte.

QUARTENE
Quar"tene, n. Etym: [Ouartane + ethylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Butylene.

QUARTENYLIC
Quar"ten*yl"ic, a. Etym: [Quartene + -yl + -ic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the acrylic acid
series, metameric with crotonic acid, and obtained as a colorless
liquid; -- so called from having four carbon atoms in the molecule.
Called also isocrotonic acid.

QUARTER
Quar"ter, n. Etym: [F. quartier, L. quartarius a fourth part, fr.
quartus the fourth. See Quart.]

1. One of four equal parts into which anything is divided, or is
regarded as divided; a fourth part or portion; as, a quarter of a
dollar, of a pound, of a yard, of an hour, etc. Hence, specifically:
(a) The fourth of a hundred-weight, being 25 or 28 pounds, according
as the hundredweight is reckoned at 100 or 112 pounds.
(b) The fourth of a ton in weight, or eight bushels of grain; as, a
quarter of wheat; also, the fourth part of a chaldron of coal.
Hutton.
(c) (Astron.) The fourth part of the moon's period, or monthly
revolution; as, the first quarter after the change or full.
(d) One limb of a quadruped with the adjacent parts; one fourth part
of the carcass of a slaughtered animal, including a leg; as, the fore
quarters; the hind quarters.
(e) That part of a boot or shoe which forms the side, from the heel
to the vamp.
(f) (Far.) That part on either side of a horse's hoof between the toe
and heel, being the side of the coffin.
(g) A term of study in a seminary, college, etc, etc.; properly, a
fourth part of the year, but often longer or shorter. (h) pl. (Mil.)

Defn: The encampment on one of the principal passages round a place
besieged, to prevent relief and intercept convoys.
(i) (Naut.) The after-part of a vessel's side, generally
corresponding in extent with the quarter-deck; also, the part of the
yardarm outside of the slings.
(j) (Her.) One of the divisions of an escutcheon when it is divided
into four portions by a horizontal and a perpendicular line meeting
in the fess point.

Note: When two coats of arms are united upon one escutcheon, as in
case of marriage, the first and fourth quarters display one shield,
the second and third the other. See Quarter, v. t., 5. (k) One of the
four parts into which the horizon is regarded as divided; a cardinal
point; a direction' principal division; a region; a territory.
Scouts each coast light-armed scour, Each quarter, to descry the
distant foe. Milton.

(l) A division of a town, city, or county; a particular district; a
locality; as, the Latin quarter in Paris.
(m) (Arch.) A small upright timber post, used in partitions; -- in
the United States more commonly called stud.
(n) (Naut.) The fourth part of the distance from one point of the
compass to another, being the fourth part of 11° 15', that is, about
2° 49'; -- called also quarter point.

2. Proper station; specific place; assigned position; special
location.
Swift to their several quarters hasted then The cumbrous elements.
Milton.
Hence, specifically:
(a) (Naut.) A station at which officers and men are posted in battle;
-- usually in the plural.
(b) Place of lodging or temporary residence; shelter; entertainment;
-- usually in the plural.
The banter turned as to what quarters each would find. W. Irving.
(c) pl. (Mil.)

Defn: A station or encampment occupied by troops; a place of lodging
for soldiers or officers; as, winter quarters.
(d) Treatment shown by an enemy; mercy; especially, the act of
sparing the life a conquered enemy; a refraining from pushing one's
advantage to extremes.
He magnified his own clemency, now they were at his mercy, to offer
them quarter for their lives. Clarendon.
Cocks and lambs . . . at the mercy of cats and wolves . . . must
never expect better quarter. L'Estrange.

3. Friendship; amity; concord. [Obs.] To keep quarter, to keep one's
proper place, and so be on good terms with another. [Obs.]
In quarter, and in terms like bride and groom. Shak.
I knew two that were competitors for the secretary's place, . . . and
yet kept good quarter between themselves. Bacon.
False quarter, a cleft in the quarter of a horse's foot.
 -- Fifth quarter, the hide and fat; -- a butcher's term.
 -- On the quarter (Naut.), in a direction between abeam and astern;
opposite, or nearly opposite, a vessel's quarter.
 -- Quarter aspect. (Astrol.) Same as Quadrate.
 -- Quarter back (Football), the player who has position next behind
center rush, and receives the ball on the snap back.
 -- Quarter badge (Naut.), an ornament on the side of a vessel near,
the stern. Mar. Dict.
 -- Quarter bill (Naut.), a list specifying the different stations to
be taken by the officers and crew in time of action, and the names of
the men assigned to each.
 -- Quarter block (Naut.), a block fitted under the quarters of a
yard on each side of the slings, through which the clew lines and
sheets are reeved. R. H. Dana, Jr.
 -- Quarter boat (Naut.), a boat hung at a vessel's quarter.
 -- Quarter cloths (Naut.), long pieces of painted canvas, used to
cover the quarter netting.
 -- Quarter day, a day regarded as terminating a quarter of the year;
hence, one on which any payment, especially rent, becomes due. In
matters influenced by United States statutes, quarter days are the
first days of January, April, July, and October. In New York and many
other places, as between landlord and tenant, they are the first days
of May, August, November, and February. The quarter days usually
recognized in England are 25th of March (Lady Day), the 24th of June
(Midsummer Day), the 29th of September (Michaelmas Day), and the 25th
of December (Christmas Day).
 -- Quarter face, in fine arts, portrait painting, etc., a face
turned away so that but one quarter is visible.
 -- Quarter gallery (Naut.), a balcony on the quarter of a ship. See
Gallery, 4.
 -- Quarter gunner (Naut.), a petty officer who assists the gunner.
 -- Quarter look, a side glance. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
 -- Quarter nettings (Naut.), hammock nettings along the quarter
rails.
 -- Quarter note (Mus.), a note equal in duration to half a minim or
a fourth of semibreve; a crochet.
 -- Quarter pieces (Naut.), several pieces of timber at the after-
part of the quarter gallery, near the taffrail. Totten.
 -- Quarter point. (Naut.) See Quarter, n., 1 (n).
 -- Quarter railing, or Quarter rails (Naut.), narrow molded planks
reaching from the top of the stern to the gangway, serving as a fence
to the quarter-deck.
 -- Quarter sessions (Eng. Law), a general court of criminal
jurisdiction held quarterly by the justices of peace in counties and
by the recorders in boroughs.
 -- Quarter square (Math.), the fourth part of the square of a
number. Tables of quarter squares have been devised to save labor in
multiplying numbers.
 -- Quarter turn, Quarter turn belt (Mach.), an arrangement in which
a belt transmits motion between two shafts which are at right angles
with each other.
 -- Quarter watch (Naut.), a subdivision of the full watch (one
fourth of the crew) on a man-of- war.
 -- To give, or show, quarter (Mil.), to accept as prisoner, on
submission in battle; to forbear to kill, as a vanquished enemy.
 -- To keep quarter. See Quarter, n., 3.

QUARTER
Quar"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quartered; p. pr. & vb. n. Quartering.]

1. To divide into four equal parts.

2. To divide; to separate into parts or regions.
Then sailors quartered heaven. Dryden.

3. To furnish with shelter or entertainment; to supply with the means
of living for a time; especially, to furnish shelter to; as, to
quarter soldiers.
They mean this night in Sardis to be quartered. Shak.

4. To furnish as a portion; to allot. [R.]
This isle . . . He quarters to his blue-haired deities. Milton.

5. (Her.)

Defn: To arrange (different coats of arms) upon one escutcheon, as
when a man inherits from both father and mother the right to bear
arms.

Note: When only two coats of arms are so combined they are arranged
in four compartments. See Quarter, n., 1 (f).

QUARTER
Quar"ter, v. i.

Defn: To lodge; to have a temporary residence.

QUARTER
Quar"ter, v. i. Etym: [F. cartayer.]

Defn: To drive a carriage so as to prevent the wheels from going into
the ruts, or so that a rut shall be between the wheels.
Every creature that met us would rely on us for quartering. De
Quincey.

QUARTERAGE
Quar"ter*age, n.

Defn: A quarterly allowance.

QUARTER-DECK
Quar"ter-deck`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: That part of the upper deck abaft the mainmast, including the
poop deck when there is one.

Note: The quarter-deck is reserved as a promenade for the officers
and (in passenger vessels) for the cabin passengers.

QUARTERED
Quar"tered, a.

1. Divided into four equal parts or quarters; separated into four
parts or regions.

2.  Furnished with quarters; provided with shelter or entertainment.

3.  Quarter-sawed; -- said of timber, commonly oak.

QUARTERFOIL
Quar"ter*foil`, n. Etym: [Quarier + foil: cf. F. quatre.] (Arch.)

Defn: An ornamental foliation having four lobes, or foils.

QUARTERHUNG
Quar"ter*hung`, a. (Ordnance)

Defn: Having trunnions the axes of which lie below the bore; -- said
of a cannon.

QUARTERING
Quar"ter*ing, a.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: Coming from a point well abaft the beam, but not directly
astern; -- said of waves or any moving object.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: At right angles, as the cranks of a locomotive, which are in
planes forming a right angle with each other.

QUARTERING
Quar"ter*ing, n.

1. A station. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu.

2. Assignment of quarters for soldiers; quarters.

3. (Her.)
(a) The division of a shield containing different coats of arms into
four or more compartments.
(b) One of the different coats of arms arranged upon an escutcheon,
denoting the descent of the bearer.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: A series of quarters, or small upright posts. See Quarter, n.,
1 (m) (Arch.) Gwilt. Quartering block, a block on which the body of a
condemned criminal was quartered. Macaulay.

QUARTERLY
Quar"ter*ly, a.

1. Containing, or consisting of, a fourth part; as, quarterly
seasons.

2. Recurring during, or at the end of, each quarter; as, quarterly
payments of rent; a quarterly meeting.

QUARTERLY
Quar"ter*ly, n.; pl. Quarterlies (.

Defn: A periodical work published once a quarter, or four times in a
year.

QUARTERLY
Quar"ter*ly, adv.

1. By quarters; once in a quarter of a year; as, the returns are made
quarterly.

2. (Her.)

Defn: In quarters, or quarterings; as, to bear arms quarterly; in
four or more parts; -- said of a shield thus divided by lines drawn
through it at right angles.

QUARTERMASTER
Quar"ter*mas`ter, n. Etym: [Quarter + master: cf. F. quartier-
maître.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: An officer whose duty is to provide quarters, provisions,
storage, clothing, fuel, stationery, and transportation for a
regiment or other body of troops, and superintend the supplies.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A petty officer who attends to the helm, binnacle, signals, and
the like, under the direction of the master. Totten. Quartermaster
general (Mil.), in the United States a staff officer, who has the
rank of brigadier general and is the chief officer in the
quartermaster's department; in England, an officer of high rank
stationed at the War Office having similar duties; also, a staff
officer, usually a general officer, accompanying each complete army
in the field.
 -- Quartermaster sergeant. See Sergeant.

QUARTERN
Quar"tern, n.Etym: [OE. quarteroun, quartron, F. quarteron, the
fourth part of a pound, or of a hundred; cf. L. quartarius a fourth
part, quarter of any measure, quartern, gill. See Quarter, and cf.
Quarteron, Quadroon.]

1. A quarter. Specifically: (a) The fourth part of a pint; a gill.
(b) The fourth part of a peck, or of a stone (14 ibs.).

2. A loaf of bread weighing about four pounds; -- called also
quartern loaf. Simmonds.

QUARTERON
Quar"ter*on, n. Etym: [F. See Quartern.]

Defn: A quarter; esp., a quarter of a pound, or a quarter of a
hundred. Piers Plowman.

QUARTERON; QUARTEROON
Quar"ter*on, Quar"ter*oon, n.

Defn: A quadroon.

QUARTERPACE
Quar"ter*pace`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A platform of a staircase where the stair turns at a right
angle only. See Halfpace.

QUARTER ROUND
Quar"ter round`. (Arch.)

Defn: An ovolo.

QUARTER-SAW
Quar"ter-saw`, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Quarter-sawed  -sawn; p. pr. &
vb. n. Quarter-sawing.]

Defn: To saw (a log) into quarters; specif., to saw into quarters and
then into boards, as by cutting alternately from each face of a
quarter, to secure lumber that will warp relatively little or show
the grain advantageously.

QUARTERSTAFF
Quar"ter*staff`, n.; pl. Quarterstaves (.

Defn: A long and stout staff formerly used as a weapon of defense and
offense; -- so called because in holding it one hand was placed in
the middle, and the other between the middle and the end.

QUARTET; QUARTETTE
Quar*tet", Quar*tette", n. Etym: [It. quartetto, dim. of quarto the
fourth, a fourth part, fr. L. quartus the fourth. See Quart.]

1. (Mus.)
(a) A composition in four parts, each performed by a single voice or
instrument.
(b) The set of four person who perform a piece of music in four
parts.

2. (Poet.)

Defn: A stanza of four lines.

QUARTIC
Quar"tic, a. Etym: [L.quartus fourth.] (Mach.)

Defn: Of the fourth degree.

QUARTIC
Quar"tic, n.
(a) (Alg.) A quantic of the fourth degree. See Quantic.
(b) (Geom.) A curve or surface whose equation is of the fourth degree
in the variables.

QUARTILE
Quar"tile, n. Etym: [F.quartile aspect, fr. L. quartus the fourth.
See Quart.] (Astrol.)

Defn: Same as Quadrate.

QUARTINE
Quar"tine, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. quartus the fourth.] (Bot.)

Defn: A supposed fourth integument of an ovule, counting from the
outside.

QUARTO
Quar"to, a. Etym: [L. in quarto in fourth, from quartus the fourth:
cf. F. (in) quarto. See Quart.]

Defn: Having four leaves to the sheet; of the form or size of a
quarto.

QUARTO
Quar"to, n.; pl. Quartos (.

Defn: Originally, a book of the size of the fourth of sheet of
printing paper; a size leaves; in present usage, a book of a square
or nearly square form, and usually of large size.

QUARTRIDGE
Quar"tridge, n.

Defn: Quarterage. [Obs.]

QUARTZ
Quartz, n. Etym: [G. quarz.] (Min.)

Defn: A form of silica, or silicon dioxide (SiO2), occurring in
hexagonal crystals, which are commonly colorless and transparent, but
sometimes also yellow, brown, purple, green, and of other colors;
also in cryptocrystalline massive forms varying in color and degree
of transparency, being sometimes opaque.

Note: The crystalline varieties include: amethyst, violet; citrine
and false topaz, pale yellow; rock crystal, transparent and colorless
or nearly so; rose quartz, rosecolored; smoky quartz, smoky brown.
The chief crypto-crystalline varieties are: agate, a chalcedony in
layers or clouded with different colors, including the onyx and
sardonyx; carnelian and sard, red or flesh-colored chalcedony;
chalcedony, nearly white, and waxy in luster; chrysoprase, an apple-
green chalcedony; flint, hornstone, basanite, or touchstone, brown to
black in color and compact in texture; heliotrope, green dotted with
red; jasper, opaque, red yellow, or brown, colored by iron or
ferruginous clay; prase, translucent and dull leek-green. Quartz is
an essential constituent of granite, and abounds in rocks of all
ages. It forms the rocks quartzite (quartz rock) and sandstone, and
makes most of the sand of the seashore.

QUARTZIFEROUS
Quartz*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Quartz + -ferous.] (Min.)

Defn: Consisting chiefly of quartz; containing quartz.

QUARTZITE
Quartz"ite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. quartzite.] (Min.)

Defn: Massive quartz occurring as a rock; a metamorphosed sandstone;
-- called also quartz rock.

QUARTZOID
Quartz"oid, n. Etym: [Quartz + -oid.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A form of crystal common with quartz, consisting of two six-
sided pyramids, base to base.

QUARTZOSE
Quartz"ose`, a. Etym: [Cf. F. quartzeux, G. quarzig.] (Min.)

Defn: Containing, or resembling, quartz; partaking of the nature or
qualities of quartz.

QUARTZOUS
quartz"ous, a. (Min.)

Defn: Quarzose.

QUARTZY
Quartz"y, a. (Min.)

Defn: Quartzose.

QUAS
Quas, n.

Defn: A kind of beer. Same as Quass.

QUASCHI; QUASJE
Quas"chi, Quas"je, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The brown coati. See Coati.

QUASH
Quash, n.

Defn: Same as Squash.

QUASH
Quash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Quashing.] Etym:
[OF. quasser, F. casser, fr. L. cassare to annihilate, annul, fr.
cassus empty, vain, of uncertain origin. The word has been confused
with L.quassare to shake, F. casser to break, which is probably of
different origin. Cf. Cashier, v. t.] (Law)

Defn: To abate, annul, overthrow, or make void; as, to quash an
indictment. Blackstone.

QUASH
Quash, v. t. Etym: [OF. quasser, F. casser, fr. L. quassare to shake,
shatter, shiver, v. intens. fr. quatere, quassum, to shake, shatter.
Cf. Concussion, Discuss, Rescue, and also Quash to annul.]

1. To beat down, or beat in pieces; to dash forcibly; to crush.
The whales Against sharp rocks, like reeling vessels, quashed, Though
huge as mountains, are in pieces dashed. Waller.

2. To crush; to subdue; to suppress or extinguish summarily and
completely; as, to quash a rebellion.
Contrition is apt to quash or allay all worldly grief. Barrow.

QUASH
Quash, v. i.

Defn: To be shaken, or dashed about, with noise.

QUASHEE
Quash"ee, n.

Defn: A negro of the West Indies.

QUASI
Qua"si. Etym: [L.]

Defn: As if; as though; as it were; in a manner sense or degree;
having some resemblance to; qualified; -- used as an adjective, or a
prefix with a noun or an adjective; as, a quasi contract, an implied
contract, an obligation which has arisen from some act, as if from a
contract; a quasi corporation, a body that has some, but not all, of
the peculiar attributes of a corporation; a quasi argument, that
which resembles, or is used as, an argument; quasi historical,
apparently historical, seeming to be historical.

QUASI CORPORATION
Qua"si cor`po*ra"tion.

Defn: A corporation consisting of a person or body of persons
invested with some of the qualities of an artificial person, though
not expressly incorporated, esp. the official of certain municipal
divisions such as counties, schools districts, and the towns of some
States of the United States, certain church officials, as a
churchwarden, etc.

QUASIMODO
Quas`i*mo"do, n. Etym: [So called from the first words of the Latin
introit, quasi modo geniti infantes as newborn babes, 1 Pet. ii. 2.]
(R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The first Sunday after Easter; Low Sunday.

QUASS
Quass, n. Etym: [Russ. kvas'.]

Defn: A thin, sour beer, made by pouring warm water on rye or barley
meal and letting it ferment, -- much used by the Russians. [written
also quas.]

QUASSATION
Quas*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. quassatio, from quassare to shake. See
Quash to crush.]

Defn: The act of shaking, or the state of being shaken. Gayton.

QUASSIA
Quas"si*a, n. Etym: [NL. From the name of a negro, Quassy, or Quash,
who prescribed this article as a specific.]

Defn: The wood of several tropical American trees of the order
Simarubeæ, as Quassia amara, Picræna excelsa, and Simaruba amara. It
is intensely bitter, and is used in medicine and sometimes as a
substitute for hops in making beer.

QUASSIN
Quas"sin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. quassine. See Quassia.] (Chem.)

Defn: The bitter principle of quassia, extracted as a white
crystalline substance; -- formerly called quassite. [Written also
quassiin, and quassine.]

QUAT
Quat, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]
(a) A pustule. [Obs.]
(b) An annoying, worthless person. Shak.

QUAT
Quat, v. t.

Defn: To satiate; to satisfy. [Prov. Eng.]

QUATA
Qua"ta, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The coaita.

QUATCH
Quatch, a.

Defn: Squat; flat. [Obs.] Shak.

QUATER-COUSIN
Qua"ter-cous`in, n. Etym: [F. quatre four + cousin, E. cousin.]

Defn: A cousin within the first four degrees of kindred.

QUATERNARY
Qua*ter"na*ry, a. Etym: [L. quaternarius consisting of four each,
containing four, fr. quaterni four each, fr. quattuor four: cf. F.
quaternaire. See Four.]

1. Consisting of four; by fours, or in sets of four.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Later than, or subsequent to, the Tertiary; Post-tertiary; as,
the Quaternary age, or Age of man.

QUATERNARY
Qua*ter"na*ry, n. Etym: [L. numerus quaternarius: cf. F.
quaternaire.]

1. The number four. Boyle.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: The Quaternary age, era, or formation. See the Chart of
Geology.

QUATERNATE
Qua*ter"nate, a.

Defn: Composed of, or arranged in, sets of four; quaternary; as,
quaternate leaves.

QUATERNION
Qua*ter"ni*on, n. Etym: [L. quaternio, fr.quaterni four each. See
Quaternary.]

1. The number four. [Poetic]

2. A set of four parts, things, or person; four things taken
collectively; a group of four words, phrases, circumstances, facts,
or the like.
Delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers. Acts xii. 4.
Ye elements, the eldest birth Of Nature's womb, that in quaternion
run. Milton.
The triads and quaternions with which he loaded his sentences. Sir W.
Scott.

3. A word of four syllables; a quadrisyllable.

4. (Math.)

Defn: The quotient of two vectors, or of two directed right lines in
space, considered as depending on four geometrical elements, and as
expressible by an algebraic symbol of quadrinomial form.

Note: The science or calculus of quaternions is a new mathematical
method, in which the conception of a quaternion is unfolded and
symbolically expressed, and is applied to various classes of
algebraical, geometrical, and physical questions, so as to discover
theorems, and to arrive at the solution of problems. Sir W. R.
Hamilton.

QUATERNION
Qua*ter"ni*on, v. t.

Defn: To divide into quaternions, files, or companies. Milton.

QUATERNITY
Qua*ter"ni*ty, n. Etym: [LL.quaternitas, fr. L. quaterni four each:
cf. F. quaternité.]

1. The number four. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. The union of four in one, as of four persons; -- analogous to the
theological term trinity.

QUATERON
Qua"ter*on, n.

Defn: See 2d Quarteron.

QUATORZAIN
Qua*torz"ain, n. Etym: [See Quatorze.]

Defn: A poem of fourteen lines; a sonnet. R. H. Stoddard.

QUATORZE
Qua*torze", n. Etym: [F. quatorze fourteen, L. quattuordecim. See
Fourteen.]

Defn: The four aces, kings, queens, knaves, or tens, in the game of
piquet; -- so called because quatorze counts as fourteen points.

QUATRAIN
Quat"rain, n. Etym: [F., fr. quatre four, L. quattuor, quatuor. See
Four.] (Pros.)

Defn: A stanza of four lines rhyming alternately. Dryden.

QUATRE
Qua"tre, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A card, die. or domino, having four spots, or pips

QUATREFEUILLE; QUATREFOIL
Qua"tre*feuille, Qua"tre*foil, n. Etym: [F. quatre feuilles.]

Defn: Same as Quarterfoil.

QUATTROCENTO
Quat`tro*cen"to, n. & a. [It., four hundred, used as an abbreviated
expression for the dates beginning with fourteen hundred.]

Defn: The fifteenth century, when applied to Italian art or
literature; as, the sculpture of the quattrocento; quattrocento
style. --Quat`tro*cen"tist (#), n.

QUATUOR
Quat"u*or, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. quattuor, quatuor, four. See
Quartet.] (Mus.)

Defn: A quartet; -- applied chiefly to instrumental compositions.

QUAVE
Quave, n.

Defn: See Quaver. [Obs.]

QUAVE
Quave, v. i.

Defn: To quaver. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

QUAVEMIRE
Quave"mire`, n.

Defn: See Quagmire. [Obs.]

QUAVER
Qua"ver, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quavered; p. pr. & vb. n. Quavering.]
Etym: [OE. quaven to shake, to tremble; cf. LG. quabbeln to shake, to
be soft, of fat substances, quabbe a fat lump of flesh, a dewlap, D.
kwabbe, and E. quiver, v.]

1. To tremble; to vibrate; to shake. Sir I. Newton.

2. Especially, to shake the voice; to utter or form sound with rapid
or tremulous vibrations, as in singing; also, to trill on a musical
instrument

QUAVER
Qua"ver, v. t.

Defn: To utter with quavers.
We shall hear her quavering them . . . to some sprightly airs of the
opera. Addison.

QUAVER
Qua"ver, n.

1. A shake, or rapid and tremulous vibration, of the voice, or of an
instrument of music.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: An eighth note. See Eighth.

QUAVERER
Qua"ver*er, n.

Defn: One who quavers; a warbler.

QUAY
Quay, n. Etym: [F. quai. See Key quay.]

Defn: A mole, bank, or wharf, formed toward the sea, or at the side
of a harbor, river, or other navigable water, for convenience in
loading and unloading vessels. [Written also key.]

QUAY
Quay, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with quays.

QUAYAGE
Quay"age, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Wharfage. [Also keyage.]

QUAYD
Quayd,

Defn: p. p. of Quail. [Obs.] Spenser.

QUE
Que, n. Etym: [Cf. 3d Cue.]

Defn: A half farthing. [Obs.]

QUEACH
Queach, n. Etym: [Cf. Quick.]

Defn: A thick, bushy plot; a thicket. [Obs.] Chapman.

QUEACH
Queach, v. i. Etym: [Cf. E. quich, v. i., quick, v. i.; or AS.
cweccan to shake.]

Defn: To stir; to move. See Quick, v. i. [Obs.]

QUEACHY
Queach"y, a.

1. Yielding or trembling under the feet, as moist or boggy ground;
shaking; moving. "The queachy fens." "Godwin's queachy sands."
Drayton.

2. Like a queach; thick; bushy. [Obs.] Cockeram.

QUEAN
Quean, n. Etym: [Originally, a woman, AS. cwene; akin to OS. quena,
OHG. quena, Icel. kona, Goth qin, and AS. cwén, also to Gr. gna
goddess. Cf. Queen.]

1. A woman; a young or unmarried woman; a girl. [Obs. or Scot.]
Chaucer.

2. A low woman; a wench; a slut. "The dread of every scolding quean."
Gay.

QUEASILY
Quea"si*ly, adv.

Defn: In a queasy manner.

QUEASINESS
Quea"si*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being queasy; nausea; qualmishness; squeamishness.
Shak.

QUEASY
Quea"sy, a. Etym: [Icel. kweisa pain; cf. Norw. kveis sickness after
a debauch.]

1. Sick at the stomach; affected with nausea; inclined to vomit;
qualmish.

2. Fastidious; squeamish; delicate; easily disturbed; unsettled;
ticklish. " A queasy question." Shak.
Some seek, when queasy conscience has its qualms. Cowper.

QUEBEC GROUP
Que*bec" group`. (Geol.)

Defn: The middle of the three groups into which the rocks of the
Canadian period have been divided in the American Lower Silurian
system. See the Chart of Geology.

QUEBRACHO
Que*bra"cho, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Chilian apocynaceous tree (Aspidosperma Quebracho); also, its
bark, which is used as a febrifuge, and for dyspnoea of the lung, or
bronchial diseases; -- called also white quebracho, to distinguish it
from the red quebracho, a Mexican anacardiaceous tree (Loxopterygium
Lorentzii) whose bark is said to have similar properties. J. Smith
(Dict. Econ. Plants).

QUEBRITH
Queb"rith, n. Etym: [OE. quebrit, quibrith, Ar. kibrit.] (Alchemy)

Defn: Sulphur. [Obs.]

QUECH; QUECK
Quech, Queck, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Quick, Queach.]

Defn: A word occurring in a corrupt passage of Bacon's Essays, and
probably meaning, to stir, to move.

QUEEN
Queen, n. Etym: [OE. quen, quene, queen, quean, AS. cwen wife, queen,
woman; akin to OS. quan wife, woman, Icel. kvan wife, queen, Goth.
qens. sq. root221. See Quean.]

1. The wife of a king.

2. A woman who is the sovereign of a kingdom; a female monarch; as,
Elizabeth, queen of England; Mary, queen of Scots.
In faith, and by the heaven's quene. Chaucer.

3. A woman eminent in power or attractions; the highest of her kind;
as, a queen in society; -- also used figuratively of cities,
countries, etc. " This queen of cities." " Albion, queen of isles."
Cowper.

4. The fertile, or fully developed, female of social bees, ants, and
termites.

5
5, (Chess)

Defn: The most powerful, and except the king the most important,
piece in a set of chessmen.

6. A playing card bearing the picture of a queen; as, the queen of
spades.

Defn: A male homosexual, esp. one who is effeminate or dresses in
women's clothing. Sometimes pejorative. Queen apple. Etym: [Cf. OE.
quyne aple quince apple.] A kind of apple; a queening. "Queen apples
and red cherries." Spenser.
 -- Queen bee (Zoöl.), a female bee, especially the female of the
honeybee. See Honeybee.
 -- Queen conch (Zoöl.), a very large West Indian cameo conch (Cassis
cameo). It is much used for making cameos.
 -- Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king. Blackstone.
 -- Queen dowager, the widow of a king.
 -- Queen gold, formerly a revenue of the queen consort of England,
arising from gifts, fines, etc.
 -- Queen mother, a queen dowager who is also mother of the reigning
king or queen.
 -- Queen of May. See May queen, under May.
 -- Queen of the meadow (Bot.), a European herbaceous plant (Spiræa
Ulmaria). See Meadowsweet.
 -- Queen of the prairie (Bot.), an American herb (Spiræa lobata)
with ample clusters of pale pink flowers.
 -- Queen pigeon (Zoöl.), any one of several species of very large
and handsome crested ground pigeons of the genus Goura, native of New
Guinea and the adjacent islands. They are mostly pale blue, or ash-
blue, marked with white, and have a large occipital crest of
spatulate feathers. Called also crowned pigeon, goura, and Victoria
pigeon.
 -- Queen regent, or Queen regnant, a queen reigning in her own
right.
 -- Queen's Bench. See King's Bench.
 -- Queen's counsel, Queen's evidence. See King's counsel, King's
evidence, under King.
 -- Queen's delight (Bot.), an American plant (Stillinqia sylvatica)
of the Spurge family, having an herbaceous stem and a perennial woody
root.
 -- Queen's metal (Metal.), an alloy somewhat resembling pewter or
britannia, and consisting essentially of tin with a slight admixture
of antimony, bismuth, and lead or copper.
 -- Queen's pigeon. (Zoöl.) Same as Queen pigeon, above.
 -- Queen's ware, glazed English earthenware of a cream color.
 -- Queen's yellow (Old Chem.), a heavy yellow powder consisting of a
basic mercuric sulphate; -- formerly called turpetum minerale, or
Turbith's mineral.

QUEEN
Queen, v. i.

Defn: To act the part of a queen. Shak.

QUEEN
Queen, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Queened; p. pr. & vb. n. Queening.]
(Chess.)

Defn: To make a queen (or other piece, at the player's discretion) of
by moving it to the eighth row; as, to queen a pawn.

QUEENCRAFT
Queen"craft`, n.

Defn: Craft or skill in policy on the part of a queen.
Elizabeth showed much queencraft in procuring the votes of the
nobility. Fuller.

QUEENDOM
Queen"dom, n.

Defn: The dominion, condition, or character of a queen. Mrs.
Browning.

QUEENFISH
Queen"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A California sciænoid food fish (Seriphys politus). The back is
bluish, and the sides and belly bright silvery. Called also kingfish.

QUEENHOOD
Queen"hood, n.

Defn: The state, personality, or character of a queen; queenliness.
Tennyson.

QUEENING
Queen"ing, n. Etym: [See Queen apple.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several kinds of apples, as summer queening, scarlet
queening, and early queening. An apple called the queening was
cultivated in England two hundred years ago.

QUEENLINESS
Queen"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being queenly; the; characteristic of a queen;
stateliness; eminence among women in attractions or power.

QUEENLY
Queen"ly, a. Etym: [AS. cwenlic feminine.]

Defn: Like, becoming, or suitable to, a queen.

QUEEN OLIVE
Queen olive. [Cf. Sp. aceituna de la Reina olive of the Queen.]
(Olive Trade)

Defn: Properly, a kind of superior olive grown in the region of
Seville, Spain. It is large size and oblong shape with a small but
long pit; it is cured when green, keeps well, and has a delicate
flavor. Loosely, any olive of similar character.

QUEEN-POST
Queen"-post`, n. [Arch.]

Defn: One of two suspending posts in a roof truss, or other framed
truss of similar form. See King-post.

QUEENSHIP
Queen"ship, n.

Defn: The state, rank, or dignity of a queen.

QUEENSLAND NUT
Queens"land nut`. (Bot.)

Defn: The nut of an Australian tree (Macadamia ternifolia). It is
about an inch in diameter, and contains a single round edible seed,
or sometimes two hemispherical seeds. So called from Queensland in
Australia.

QUEEN TRUSS
Queen" truss. (Arch.)

Defn: A truss framed with queen-posts; a queen-post truss.

QUEER
Queer, a. [Compar. Queerer; superl. Queerest.] Etym: [G. quer cross,
oblique, athwart (cf. querkopf a queer fellow), OHG. twer, twerh,
dwerah; akin to D. dvars, AS, þweorh thwart, bent, twisted, Icel.
þverr thwart, transverse, Goth. þwaìrhs angry, and perh. to L.
torqyere to twist, and E. through. Cf. Torture, Through, Thwart, a.]

1. At variance with what is usual or normal; differing in some odd
way from what is ordinary; odd; singular; strange; whimsical; as, a
queer story or act. " A queer look." W. Irving.

2. Mysterious; suspicious; questionable; as, a queer transaction.
[Colloq.]

QUEER
Queer, n.

Defn: Counterfeit money. [Slang] To shove the queer, to put
counterfeit money in circulation. [Slang]

QUEERISH
Queer"ish, a.

Defn: Rather queer; somewhat singular.

QUEERLY
Queer"ly, adv.

Defn: In a queer or odd manner.

QUEERNESS
Queer"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being queer.

QUEEST
Queest, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. kvisa a kind of bird, kvistr a branch of
a tree, and E. cushat.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European ringdove (Columba palumbus); the cushat. [Written
also quist, queeze, quice, queece.] See Ringdove.

QUEGH
Quegh, n.

Defn: A drinking vessel. See Quaich.

QUEINT
Queint, a.

Defn: See Quaint. [Obs.]

QUEINT
Queint, obs.

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Quench. Chaucer.

QUEINTISE
Queint"ise, n.

Defn: See Quaintise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

QUELL
Quell, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quelled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Quelling.]
Etym: [See Quail to cower.]

1. To die. [Obs.]
Yet he did quake and quaver, like to quell. Spenser.

2. To be subdued or abated; to yield; to abate. [R.]
Winter's wrath begins to quell. Spenser.

QUELL
Quell, v. t. Etym: [OE. quellen to kill, AS. cwellan, causative of
cwelan to die; akin to OHG. quellen to torment, Icel. kvelja. See
Quail to cower.]

1. To take the life of; to kill. [Obs.] Spenser.
The ducks cried as [if] men would them quelle. Chaucer.

2. To overpower; to subdue; to put down.
The nation obeyed the call, rallied round the sovereign, and enabled
him to quell the disaffected minority. Macaulay.
Northward marching to quell the sudden revolt. Longfellow.

3. To quiet; to allay; to pacify; to cause to yield or cease; as, to
quell grief; to quell the tumult of the soul.
Much did his words the gentle lady quell. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- to subdue; crush; overpower; reduce; put down; repress; suppress;
quiet; allay; calm; pacify.

QUELL
Quell, n.

Defn: Murder. [Obs.] Shak.

QUELLER
Quell"er, n.

1. A killer; as, Jack the Giant Queller. [Obs.] Wyclif (Mark vi. 27).

2. One who quells; one who overpowers or subdues.

QUELLIO
Quel"li*o, n. Etym: [Sp. cuello, L. collum neck.]

Defn: A ruff for the neck. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

QUELQUECHOSE
Quelque"chose`, n. Etym: [F. quelque chose something.]

Defn: A trifle; a kickshaw. Donne.

QUEME
Queme, v. t. & i. Etym: [AS. cweman, akin to cuman to come. sq.
root23.]

Defn: To please. [Obs.] Chaucer.

QUEMEFUL
Queme"ful, a.

Defn: Kindly; merciful. [Obs.] Wyclif.

QUENCH
Quench, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quenched; p. pr. & vb. n. Quenching.]
Etym: [OE. quenchen, AS. cwencan in acwencan, to extinguish utterly,
causative of cwincan, acwincan, to decrease, disappear; cf. AS.
cwinan, acwinan, to waste or dwindle away.]

1. To extinguish; to overwhelm; to make an end of; -- said of flame
and fire, of things burning, and figuratively of sensations and
emotions; as, to quench flame; to quench a candle; to quench thirst,
love, hate, etc.
Ere our blood shall quench that fire. Shak.
The supposition of the lady's death Will quench the wonder of her
infamy. Shak.

2. To cool suddenly, as heated steel, in tempering.

Syn.
 -- To extinguish; still; stifle; allay; cool; check.

QUENCH
Quench, v. i.

Defn: To become extinguished; to go out; to become calm or cool. [R.]
Dost thou think in time She will not quench! Shak.

QUENCHABLE
Quench"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being quenched.

QUENCHER
Quench"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, quenches. Hammond.

QUENCHLESS
Quench"less, a.

Defn: Incapable of being quenched; inextinguishable; as, quenchless
fire or fury. "Once kindled, quenchless evermore." Byron.

Syn.
 -- Inextinguishable; unquenchable.
 -- Quench"less*ly, adv.
 -- Quench"less*ness, n.

QUENELLE
Que*nelle", n. Etym: [F.] (Cookery)

Defn: A kind of delicate forcemeat, commonly poached and used as a
dish by itself or for garnishing.

QUENOUILLE TRAINING
Que*nouille train"ing. Etym: [F. quenouille distaff.] (Hort.)

Defn: A method of training trees or shrubs in the shape of a cone or
distaff by tying down the branches and pruning.

QUERCITANNIC
Quer`ci*tan"nic, a. Etym: [L. quercus an oak + E. tannic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a tannic acid found in oak bark
and extracted as a yellowish brown amorphous substance.

QUERCITE
Quer"cite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance, C6H7(OH)5, found in acorns, the
fruit of the oak (Quercus). It has a sweet taste, and is regarded as
a pentacid alcohol.

QUERCITIN
Quer"ci*tin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance, occurring quite widely
distributed in the vegetable kingdom, as is apple-tree bark, horse-
chestnut leaves, etc., but originally obtained by the decomposition
of quercitrin. Called also meletin.

QUERCITRIN
Quer"cit*rin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. quercitrin. See Quercitron.] (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside extracted from the bark of the oak (Quercus) as a
bitter citron-yellow crystalline substance, used as a pigment and
called quercitron.

QUERCITRON
Quer"cit*ron, n. Etym: [F. quercitron, the name of the name of tree;
L. quercus an oak + citrus the citron tree.]

1. The yellow inner bark of the Quercus tinctoria, the American black
oak, yellow oak, dyer's oak, or quercitron oak, a large forest tree
growing from Maine to eastern Texas.

2. Quercitrin, used as a pigment. See Quercitrin.

QUERCUS
Quer"cus, n. Etym: [L., an oak.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees constituted by the oak. See Oak.

QUERELE
Quer"ele, n. Etym: [See 2d Quarrel.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A complaint to a court. See Audita Querela. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

QUERENT
Que"rent, n. Etym: [L. querens, p. pr. of queri to complain.] (O.
Eng. Law)

Defn: A complainant; a plaintiff.

QUERENT
Que"rent, n. Etym: [L. quaerens, p. pr. of quaerere to search for, to
inquire.]

Defn: An inquirer. [Obs.] Aubrey.

QUERIMONIOUS
Quer`i*mo"ni*ous, a. Etym: [L. querimonia a complaint, fr. queri to
complain. See Querulous.]

Defn: Complaining; querulous; apt to complain.
 -- Quer`i*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Quer`i*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.

QUERIMONY
Quer"i*mo*ny, n. Etym: [L. querimonia.]

Defn: A complaint or complaining. [Obs.] E. Hall.

QUERIST
Que"rist, n. Etym: [See Query.]

Defn: One who inquires, or asks questions. Swift.

QUERKEN
Querk"en, v. t. Etym: [Icel. kverk throat.

Defn: To stifle or choke. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

QUERL
Querl, v. t. Etym: [G. querlen, quirlen, to twirl, to turn round, fr.
querl, querl, a twirling stick. Cf. Twirl.]

Defn: To twirl; to turn or wind round; to coil; as, to querl a cord,
thread, or rope. [Local, U.S.]

QUERL
Querl, n.

Defn: A coil; a twirl; as, the qwerl of hair on the fore leg of a
blooded horse. [Local, U. S.]

QUERN
Quern, n. Etym: [AS. cweorn, cwyrn; akin to D. kweern, OHG. quirn,
Icel. kvern, Sw. qvarn, Dan. quærn, Goth. qairnus (in asiluqaírnus),
Lith. qìrnos, and perh. E. corn.]

Defn: A mill for grinding grain, the upper stone of which was turned
by hand; -- used before the invention of windmills and watermills.
Shak.
They made him at the querne grind. Chaucer.

QUERPO
Quer"po, n.

Defn: The inner or body garments taken together. See Cuerpo. Dryden.

QUERQUEDULE
Quer"que*dule, n. Etym: [L. querquedula.] (Zool.)
(a) A teal.
(b) The pintail duck.

QUERRY
Quer"ry, n.

Defn: A groom; an equerry. [Obs.]

QUERULENTIAL
Quer`u*len"tial, a.

Defn: Querulous. [R.]

QUERULOUS
Quer"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. querulus and querulosus, fr. queri to
complain. Cf. Cry, v., Quarrel a brawl, Quarrelous.]

1. Given to quarreling; quarrelsome. [Obs.] land.

2. Apt to find fault; habitually complaining; disposed to murmur; as,
a querulous man or people.
Enmity can hardly be more annoying that querulous, jealous, exacting
fondness. Macaulay.

3. Expressing complaint; fretful; whining; as, a querulous tone of
voice.

Syn.
 -- Complaining; bewailing; lamenting; whining; mourning; murmuring;
discontented; dissatisfied.
 -- Quer"u*lous*ly, adv.
 -- Quer"u*lous*ness, n.

QUERY
Que"ry, n.; pl. Queries. Etym: [L. quaere, imperative sing. of
quaerere, quaesitum to seek or search for, to ask, inquire. Cf.
Acquire, Conquer, Exquisite, Quest, Require.]

1. A question; an inquiry to be answered or solved.
I shall conclude with proposing only some queries, in order to a . .
. search to be made by others. Sir I. Newton.

2. A question in the mind; a doubt; as, I have a query about his
sincerity.

3. An interrogation point [] as the sign of a question or a doubt.

QUERY
Que"ry, v. i.

1. To ask questions; to make inquiry.
Each prompt to query, answer, and debate. Pope.

2. To have a doubt; as, I query if he is right.

QUERY
Que"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Queried; p. pr. & vb. n. Querying.]

1. To put questions about; to elicit by questioning; to inquire into;
as, to query the items or the amount; to query the motive or the
fact.

2. To address questions to; to examine by questions.

3. To doubt of; to regard with incredulity.

4. To write " query" (qu., qy., or ) against, as a doubtful spelling,
or sense, in a proof. See Quære.

QUESAL
Que*sal", n (Zoöl.)

Defn: The long-tailed, or resplendent, trogon (Pharomachus mocinno,
formerly Trogon resplendens), native of Southern Mexico and Central
America. Called alsoquetzal, and golden trogon.

Note: The male is remarkable for the brilliant metallic green and
gold colors of his plumage, and for his extremely long plumes, which
often exceed three feet in length.

QUEST
Quest, n. Etym: [OF. queste, F. quête, fr. L. quaerere, quaesitum, to
seek for, to ask. Cf. Query, Question.]

1. The act of seeking, or looking after anything; attempt to find or
obtain; search; pursuit; as, to rove in quest of game, of a lost
child, of property, etc.
Upon an hard adventure yet in quest. Spenser.
Cease your quest of love. Shak.
There ended was his quest, there ceased his care. Milton.

2. Request; desire; solicitation.
Gad not abroad at every quest and call Of an untrained hope or
passion. Herbert.

3. Those who make search or inquiry, taken collectively.
The senate hath sent about three several quests to search you out.
Shak.

4. Inquest; jury of inquest.
What lawful quest have given their verdict Shak.

QUEST
Quest, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. quester, F. quêter. See Quest, n.]

Defn: To search for; to examine. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.

QUEST
Quest, v. i.

Defn: To go on a quest; to make a search; to go in pursuit; to beg.
[R.]
If his questing had been unsuccessful, he appeased the rage of hunger
with some scraps of broken meat. Macaulay.

QUESTANT
Quest"ant, n. Etym: [OF. questant, F. guêtant, p. pr.]

Defn: One who undertakes a quest; a seeker. [Obs.] Shak.

QUESTER
Quest"er, n.

Defn: One who seeks; a seeker. [Obs.]

QUESTION
Ques"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. quaestio, fr. quaerere, quaesitum, to
seek for, ask, inquire. See Quest, n.]

1. The act of asking; interrogation; inquiry; as, to examine by
question and answer.

2. Discussion; debate; hence, objection; dispute; doubt; as, the
story is true beyond question; he obeyed without question.
There arose a question between some of John's disciples and the Jews
about purifying. John iii. 25.
It is to be to question, whether it be lawful for Christian princes
to make an invasive war simply for the propagation of the faith.
Bacon.

3. Examination with reference to a decisive result; investigation;
specifically, a judicial or official investigation; also, examination
under torture. Blackstone.
He that was in question for the robbery. Shak. The Scottish privy
council had power to put state prisoners to the question. Macaulay.

4. That which is asked; inquiry; interrogatory; query.
But this question asked Puts me in doubt. Lives there who loves his
pain Milton.

5. Hence, a subject of investigation, examination, or debate; theme
of inquiry; matter to be inquired into; as, a delicate or doubtful
question.

6. Talk; conversation; speech; speech.[Obs.] Shak. In question, in
debate; in the course of examination or discussion; as, the matter or
point in question.
 -- Leading question. See under Leading.
 -- Out of question, unquestionably. "Out of question, 't is Maria's
hand." Shak.
 -- Out of the question. See under Out.
 -- Past question, beyond question; certainly; undoubtedly;
unquestionably.
 -- Previous question, a question put to a parliamentary assembly
upon the motion of a member, in order to ascertain whether it is the
will of the body to vote at once, without further debate, on the
subject under consideration.

Note: The form of the question is: "Shall the main question be now
put" If the vote is in the affirmative, the matter before the body
must be voted upon as it then stands, without further general debate
or the submission of new amendments. In the House of Representatives
of the United States, and generally in America, a negative decision
operates to keep the business before the body as if the motion had
not been made; but in the English Parliament, it operates to postpone
consideration for the day, and until the subject may be again
introduced. In American practice, the object of the motion is to
hasten action, and it is made by a friend of the measure. In English
practice, the object is to get rid of the subject for the time being,
and the motion is made with a purpose of voting against it. Cushing.
 -- To beg the question. See under Beg.
 -- To the question, to the point in dispute; to the real matter
under debate.

Syn.
 -- Point; topic; subject.

QUESTION
Ques"tion, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Questioned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Questioning.] Etym: [Cf. F. questionner. See Question, n.]

1. To ask questions; to inquire.
He that questioneth much shall lean much. Bacon.

2. To argue; to converse; to dispute. [Obs.]
I pray you, think you question with the Jew. Shak.

QUESTION
Ques"tion, v. t.

1. To inquire of by asking questions; to examine by interrogatories;
as, to question a witness.

2. To doubt of; to be uncertain of; to query.
And most we question what we most desire. Prior.

3. To raise a question about; to call in question; to make objection
to. "But have power and right to question thy bold entrance on this
place." Milton.

4. To talk to; to converse with.
With many holiday and lady terms he questioned me. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To ask; interrogate; catechise; doubt; controvert; dispute.
 -- Question, Inquire, Interrogate. To inquire is merely to ask for
information, and implies no authority in the one who asks. To
interrogate is to put repeated questions in a formal or systematic
fashion to elicit some particular fact or facts. To question has a
wider sense than to interrogate, and often implies an attitude of
distrust or opposition on the part of the questioner.

QUESTIONABILITY
Ques`tion*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being questionable. Stallo.

QUESTIONABLE
Ques"tion*a*ble, a.

1. Admitting of being questioned; inviting, or seeming to invite,
inquiry. [R.]
Thou com'st in such a questionable shape That I will speak to thee.
Shak.

2. Liable to question; subject to be doubted or called in question;
problematical; doubtful; suspicious.
It is questionable whether Galen ever saw the dissection of a human
body.T. Baker.

Syn.
 -- Disputable; debatable; uncertain; doubtful; problematical;
suspicious.

QUESTIONABLENESS
Ques"tion*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being questionable, doubtful, or
suspicious.

QUESTIONABLY
Ques"tion*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a questionable manner.

QUESTIONARY
Ques"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Inquiring; asking questions; testing. "Questionary epistles."
Pope.

QUESTIONARY
Ques"tion*a*ry, n.

Defn: One who makes it his business to seek after relics and carry
them about for sale.

QUESTIONER
Ques"tion*er, n.

Defn: One who asks questions; an inquirer. "Little time for idle
questioners." Tennyson.

QUESTIONIST
Ques"tion*ist, n.

1. A questioner; an inquirer. [Obs.]

2. (Eng. Univ.)

Defn: A candidate for honors or degrees who is near the time of his
examination.

QUESTIONLESS
Ques"tion*less, a.

Defn: Unquestioning; incurious. [R.]

QUESTIONLESS
Ques"tion*less, adv.

Defn: Beyond a question or doubt; doubtless; certainly.[R.] South.
What it was in the apostles' time, that, questionless, it must be
still. Milton.

QUESTIONNAIRE
Ques`tion`naire", n.; pl. -naires (F. ). [F.]

Defn: = Questionary, above.

QUESTMAN
Quest"man, n.; pl. Questmen (.

Defn: One legally empowered to make quest of certain matters, esp. of
abuses of weights and measures. Specifically:
(a) A churchwarden's assistant; a sidesman. Blount. [Obs.]
(b) A collector of parish rents. Blount. [Obs.]

QUESTMONGER
Quest"mon`ger, n.

Defn: One who lays informations, and encourages petty lawsuits.
[Obs.] Bacon.

QUESTOR
Ques"tor, n. Etym: [L. quaestor, contr. fr. quaesitor, fr. quaerere,
quaesitum, to seek for, ask: cf. F. questeur.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An officer who had the management of the public treasure; a
receiver of taxes, tribute, etc.; treasurer of state. [Written also
quæstor.]

Note: At an early period there were also public accusers styled
questors, but the office was soon abolished.

QUESTORSHIP
Ques"tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office, or the term of office, of a questor.

QUESTRIST
Quest"rist, n. Etym: [See Quest.]

Defn: A seeker; a pursuer. [Obs.] "Hot questrists after him." Shak.

QUESTUARY
Ques"tu*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. quaestuarius, from quaestus gain, profit,
quaerere, quaesitum, to seek for, earn.]

Defn: Studious of profit. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

QUESTUARY
Ques"tu*a*ry, n.

Defn: One employed to collect profits. [R.] "The pope's questuaries."
Jer. Taylor.

QUET
Quet, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common guillemot. [Prov. Eng.]

QUEUE
Queue, n. Etym: [F. See Cue.]
(a) A tail-like appendage of hair; a pigtail.
(b) A line of persons waiting anywhere.

QUEUE
Queue, v. t.

Defn: To fasten, as hair, in a queue.

QUEY
Quey, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. qvie.]

Defn: A heifer. [Scot.]

QUIB
Quib, n. Etym: [Cf. Quip.]

Defn: A quip; a gibe.

QUIBBLE
Quib"ble, n. Etym: [Probably fr. quib, quip, but influenced by
quillet, or quiddity.]

1. A shift or turn from the point in question; a trifling or evasive
distinction; an evasion; a cavil.
Quibbles have no place in the search after truth. I. Watts.

2. A pun; a low conceit.

QUIBBLE
Quib"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quibbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Quibbling.]

1. To evade the point in question by artifice, play upon words,
caviling, or by raising any insignificant or impertinent question or
point; to trifle in argument or discourse; to equivocate.

2. To pun; to practice punning. Cudworth.

Syn.
 -- To cavil; shuffle; equivocate; trifle.

QUIBBLER
Quib"bler, n.

Defn: One who quibbles; a caviler; also, a punster.

QUIBBLINGLY
Quib"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: Triflingly; evasively.

QUICA
Qui"ca, n. Etym: [From the native Brazilian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American opossum (Didelphys quica), native of
Guiana and Brazil. It feeds upon insects, small birds, and fruit.

QUICE
Quice, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Queest.

QUICH
Quich, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Quinch.]

Defn: To stir. [Obs.]
He could not move nor quich at all. Spenser.

QUICHUAN
Qui"chuan, a.

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, a linguistic stock of South
American Indians, including the majority of the civilized tribes of
the ancient Peruvian Empire with some wild tribes never subjugated by
the Incas. Most of these Indians are short, but heavy and strong.
They are brachycephalic and of remarkably low cranial capacity.
Nevertheless, they represent one of the highest of native American
civilizations, characterized by agricultural, military, and
administrative skill rather than by science or literature, although
they were adept potters, weavers, and goldsmiths, and preserved by
the aid of the mnemonic quipu a body of legendary lore in part
written down since the introduction of writing.

QUICK
Quick, a. [Compar. Quicker; superl. Quickest.] Etym: [As. cwic,
cwicu, cwucu, cucu, living; akin to OS. quik, D. kwik, OHG. quec,
chec, G. keck bold, lively, Icel. kvikr living, Goth. qius, Lith.
qyvas, Russ. zhivoi, L. vivus living, vivere to live, Gr. bi`os life,
Skr. jiva living, jiv to live. Cf. Biography, Vivid, Quitch grass,
Whitlow.]

1. Alive; living; animate; -- opposed to dead or inanimate.
Not fully quyke, ne fully dead they were. Chaucer.
The Lord Jesus Christ, who shall judge the quick and the dead at his
appearing and his kingdom. 2 Tim. iv. 1.
Man is no star, but a quick coal Of mortal fire. Herbert.

Note: In this sense the word is nearly obsolete, except in some
compounds, or in particular phrases.

2. Characterized by life or liveliness; animated; sprightly; agile;
brisk; ready. " A quick wit." Shak.

3. Speedy; hasty; swift; not slow; as, be quick
Oft he her his charge of quick return Repeated. Milton.

4. Impatient; passionate; hasty; eager; eager; sharp; unceremonious;
as, a quick temper.
The bishop was somewhat quick with them, and signified that he was
much offended. Latimer.

5. Fresh; bracing; sharp; keen.
The air is quick there, And it pierces and sharpens the stomach.
Shak.

6. Sensitive; perceptive in a high degree; ready; as, a quick ear.
"To have an open ear, a quick eye." Shak.
They say that women are so quick. Tennyson.

7. Pregnant; with child. Shak. Quick grass. (Bot.) See Quitch grass.
 -- Quick match. See under Match.
 -- Quick vein (Mining), a vein of ore which is productive, not
barren.
 -- Quick vinegar, vinegar made by allowing a weak solution of
alcohol to trickle slowly over shavings or other porous material.
 -- Quick water, quicksilver water.
 -- Quick with child, pregnant with a living child.

Syn.
 -- Speedy; expeditious; swift; rapid; hasty; prompt; ready; active;
brisk; nimble; fleet; alert; agile; lively; sprightly.

QUICK
Quick, adv.

Defn: In a quick manner; quickly; promptly; rapidly; with haste;
speedily; without delay; as, run quick; get back quick.
If we consider how very quick the actions of the mind are performed.
Locke.

QUICK
Quick, n.

1. That which is quick, or alive; a living animal or plant;
especially, the hawthorn, or other plants used in making a living
hedge.
The works . . . are curiously hedged with quick. Evelyn.

2. The life; the mortal point; a vital part; a part susceptible of
serious injury or keen feeling; the sensitive living flesh; the part
of a finger or toe to which the nail is attached; the tender
emotions; as, to cut a finger nail to the quick; to thrust a sword to
the quick, to taunt one to the quick; -- used figuratively.
This test nippeth, . . . this toucheth the quick. Latimer.
How feebly and unlike themselves they reason when they come to the
quick of the difference ! Fuller.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Quitch grass. Tennyson.

QUICK
Quick, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Quicken.]

Defn: To revive; to quicken; to be or become alive. [Obs.] Chaucer.

QUICKBEAM
Quick"beam`, n. Etym: [A. S. cwicbeám.]

Defn: See Quicken tree.

QUICKEN
Quick"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. quickened; p. pr. & vb. n. Quickening.]
Etym: [AS. cwician. See Quick, a.]

1. To make alive; to vivify; to revive or resuscitate, as from death
or an inanimate state; hence, to excite; to, stimulate; to incite.
The mistress which I serve quickens what's dead. Shak.
Like a fruitful garden without an hedge, that quickens the appetite
to enjoy so tempting a prize. South.

2. To make lively, active, or sprightly; to impart additional energy
to; to stimulate; to make quick or rapid; to hasten; to accelerate;
as, to quicken one's steps or thoughts; to quicken one's departure or
speed.

3. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: To shorten the radius of (a curve); to make (a curve) sharper;
as, to quicken the sheer, that is, to make its curve more pronounced.

Syn.
 -- To revive; resuscitate; animate; reinvigorate; vivify; refresh;
stimulate; sharpen; incite; hasten; accelerate; expedite; dispatch;
speed.

QUICKEN
Quick"en, v. i.

1. To come to life; to become alive; to become vivified or enlivened;
hence, to exhibit signs of life; to move, as the fetus in the womb.
The heart is the first part that quickens, and the last that dies.
Ray.
And keener lightnings quicken in her eye. Pope.
When the pale and bloodless east began To quicken to the sun.
Tennyson.

2. To move with rapidity or activity; to become accelerated; as, his
pulse quickened.

QUICKENER
Quick"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, quickens.

QUICKENING
Quick"en*ing, n.

1. The act or process of making or of becoming quick.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The first motion of the fetus in the womb felt by the mother,
occurring usually about the middle of the term of pregnancy. It has
been popularly supposed to be due to the fetus becoming possessed of
independent life.

QUICKENS
Quick"ens, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Quitch grass.

QUICKEN TREE
Quick"en tree`. Etym: [Probably from quick, and first applied to the
aspen or some tree with quivering leaves; cf. G. quickenbaum,
quizenbaum, quitschenbaum. Cf. Quitch grass.] (Bot.)

Defn: The European rowan tree; -- called also quickbeam, and
quickenbeam. See Rowan tree.

QUICKHATCH
Quick"hatch`, n. Etym: [From the American Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wolverine.

QUICKLIME
Quick"lime, n. Etym: [See Quick, a.] (Chem.)

Defn: Calcium oxide; unslacked lime; -- so called because when wet it
develops great heat. See 4th Lime, 2.

QUICKLY
Quick"ly, adv.

Defn: Speedily; with haste or celerity; soon; without delay; quick.

QUICKNESS
Quick"ness, n.

1. The condition or quality of being quick or living; life. [Obs.]
Touch it with thy celestial quickness. Herbert.

2. Activity; briskness; especially, rapidity of motion; speed;
celerity; as, quickness of wit.
This deed . . . must send thee hence With fiery quickness. Shak.
His mind had, indeed, great quickness and vigor. Macaulay.

3. Acuteness of perception; keen sensibility.
Would not quickness of sensation be an inconvenience to an animal
that must lie still Locke

4. Sharpness; pungency of taste. Mortimer.

Syn.
 -- Velocity; celerity; rapidity; speed; haste; expedition;
promptness; dispatch; swiftness; nimbleness; fleetness; agility;
briskness; liveliness; readiness; sagacity; shrewdness; shrewdness;
sharpness; keenness.

QUICKSAND
Quick"sand`, n.

Defn: Sand easily moved or readily yielding to pressure; especially,
a deep mass of loose or moving sand mixed with water, sometimes found
at the mouth of a river or along some coasts, and very dangerous,
from the difficulty of extricating a person who begins sinking into
it.
Life hath quicksands, -- Life hath snares! Longfellow.

QUICK-SCENTED
Quick"-scent`ed, a.

Defn: Acute of smell.

QUICKSET
Quick"set`, n.

Defn: A living plant set to grow, esp. when set for a hedge;
specifically, the hawthorn.

QUICKSET
Quick"set`, a.

Defn: Made of quickset.
Dates and pomegranates on the quickset hedges. Walpole.

QUICKSET
Quick"set`, v. t.

Defn: To plant with living shrubs or trees for a hedge; as, to
quickset a ditch. Mortimer.

QUICK-SIGHTED
Quick"-sight`ed, a.

Defn: Having quick sight or acute discernment; quick to see or to
discern. Locke. --Quick"-sight`ed*ness, n.

QUICKSILVER
Quick"sil`ver, n. Etym: [Quick living + silver; -- so called from its
fluidity; cf. G. quecksilber, L. argentum vivum. See Quick, a.]
(Chem.)

Defn: The metal mercury; -- so called from its resemblance to liquid
silver. Quicksilver horizon, a mercurial artificial horizon. See
under Horizon.
 -- Quicksilver water, a solution of mercury nitrate used in
artificial silvering; quick water.

QUICKSILVERED
Quick"sil`vered, a.

Defn: Overlaid with quicksilver, or with an amalgam of quicksilver
and tinfoil.

QUICKSILVERING
Quick"sil`ver*ing, n.

Defn: The mercury and foil on the back of a looking-glass.

QUICKSTEP
Quick"step`, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A lively, spirited march; also, a lively style of dancing.

QUICK-WITTED
Quick"-wit`ted, a.

Defn: Having ready wit Shak.

QUICK-WITTEDNESS
Quick"-wit`ted*ness, n.

Defn: Readiness of wit. "Celtic quick-wittedness." M. Arnold.

QUICKWORK
Quick"work`, n. (Naut.) A term somewhat loosely used to denote:
(a) All the submerged section of a vessel's planking.
(b) The planking between the spirketing and the clamps.
(c) The short planks between the portholes.

QUID
Quid, n. Etym: [See Cud.]

Defn: A portion suitable to be chewed; a cud; as, a quid of tobacco.

QUID
Quid, v. t. (Man.)

Defn: To drop from the mouth, as food when partially chewed; -- said
of horses. Youatt.

QUIDAM
Qui"dam, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Somebody; one unknown. Spenser.

QUIDDANY
Quid"da*ny, n. Etym: [L. cydoneum quince juice, quince wine. See
Quince.]

Defn: A confection of quinces, in consistency between a sirup and
marmalade.

QUIDDATIVE
Quid"da*tive, a. Etym: [See Quiddity.]

Defn: Constituting, or containing, the essence of a thing;
quidditative.

QUIDDIT
Quid"dit, n. Etym: [Cf. Quiddity, Quillet, and Quibble.]

Defn: A subtilty; an equivocation. [Obs.] Shak.
By some strange quiddit or some wrested clause. Drayton.

QUIDDITATIVE
Quid"di*ta*tive, a.

Defn: Quiddative.

QUIDDITY
Quid"di*ty, n.; pl. Quiddities. Etym: [LL. quidditas, fr. L. quid
what, neut. of quis who, akin to E. who: cf. F. quiddité.]

1. The essence, nature, or distinctive peculiarity, of a thing; that
which answers the question, Quid est or, What is it " The degree of
nullity and quiddity." Bacon.
The quiddity or characteristic difference of poetry as distinguished
from prose. De Quincey.

2. A trifling nicety; a cavil; a quibble.
We laugh at the quiddities of those writers now. Coleridge.

QUIDDLE
Quid"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quiddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Quiddling.]
Etym: [L. quid what.]

Defn: To spend time in trifling employments, or to attend to useful
subjects in an indifferent or superficial manner; to dawdle.

QUIDDLE; QUIDDLER
Quid"dle, Quid"dler, n.

Defn: One who wastes his energy about trifles. Emerson.

QUIDNUNC
Quid"nunc, n. Etym: [L., what now]

Defn: One who is curious to know everything that passes; one who
knows, or pretends to know, all that is going on. "The idle stories
of quidnuncs." Motley.

QUIESCE
Qui*esce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quiesced; p. pr. & vb. n. Quiescing.]
Etym: [L. quiescere, akin to quies rest, quiet. See Quiet, a. & n.]

Defn: To be silent, as a letter; to have no sound. M. Stuart.

QUIESCENCE; QUIESCENCY
Qui*es"cence, Qui*es"cen*cy, n. Etym: [L. quiescentia, fr. quiescens,
p. pr.; cf. F. quiestence. See Quiesce.]

Defn: The state or quality of being quiescent. "Quiescence, bodily
and mental." H. Spencer.
Deeds will be done; -- while be boasts his quiescence. R. Browning.

QUIESCENT
Qui*es"cent, a. Etym: [L. quiescens, -entis, p. pr. of quiescere: cf.
F. quiescent. See Quiesce.]

1. Being in a state of repose; at rest; still; not moving; as, a
quiescent body or fluid.

2. Not ruffed with passion; unagitated; not in action; not excited;
quiet; dormant; resting.
In times of national security, the feeling of patriotism . . . is so
quiescent that it seems hardly to exist. Prof. Wilson.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: Not sounded; silent; as, y is quiescent in "day" and "say."

QUIESCENT
Qui*es"cent, n. (Gram.)

Defn: A silent letter. M. Stuart.

QUIESCENTLY
Qui*es"cent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a quiescent manner.

QUIET
Qui"et, a. [Compar. Quieter; superl. Quietest.] Etym: [L. quietus, p.
p. pf quiescere to rest, keep quiet; akin to quies rest, and prob. to
E. while, n. See While, and cf. Coy, a., Quiesce, Quietus, Quit, a.,
Quite, Requiem.]

1. In a state of rest or calm; without stir, motion, or agitation;
still; as, a quiet sea; quiet air.
They . . . were quiet all the night, saying, In the morning, when it
is day, we shall kill him. Judg. xvi. 2.

2. Free from noise or disturbance; hushed; still.

3. Not excited or anxious; calm; peaceful; placid; settled; as, a
quiet life; a quiet conscience. " So quiet and so sweet a style."
Shak.
That son, who on the quiet state of man Such trouble brought. Milton.

4. Not giving offense; not exciting disorder or trouble; not
turbulent; gentle; mild; meek; contented.
The ornament of a meek and quiet spirit. 1 Pet. iii. 4.
I will sit as quiet as a lamb. Shak.

5. Not showy; not such as to attract attention; undemonstrative; as,
a quiet dress; quiet colors; a quiet movement.

Syn.
 -- Still; tranquil; calm; unruffled; smooth; unmolested;
undisturbed; placid; peaceful; mild; peaceable; meek; contented.

QUIET
Qui"et n. Etym: [L. quies, -etis. See Quiet, a.]

1. The quality or state of being quiet, or in repose; as an hour or a
time of quiet.

2. Freedom from disturbance, noise, or alarm; stillness;
tranquillity; peace; security.
And join with thee, calm Peace and Quiet. Milton.
At quiet, still; peaceful.
 -- In quiet, quietly. " I will depart in quiet." Shak.
 -- Out of quiet, disturbed; restless. [Obs.] "She is much out of
quiet." Shak.

QUIET
Qui"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quieted; p. pr. & vb. n. Quieting.]

1. To stop motion in; to still; to reduce to a state of rest, or of
silence.

2. To calm; to appease; to pacify; to lull; to allay; to
tranquillize; as, to quiet the passions; to quiet clamors or
disorders; to quiet pain or grief.
Quiet yourselves, I pray, and be at peace. Shak.

QUIET
Qui"et, v. i.

Defn: To become still, silent, or calm; -- often with down; as, be
soon quieted down.

QUIETAGE
Qui"et*age, n.

Defn: Quietness. [Obs.] Spenser.

QUIETER
Qui"et*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, quiets.

QUIETISM
Qui"et*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. quiétisme.]

1. Peace or tranquillity of mind; calmness; indifference; apathy;
dispassion; indisturbance; inaction.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The system of the Quietists, who maintained that religion
consists in the withdrawal of the mind from worldly interests and
anxieties and its constant employment in the passive contemplation of
God and his attributes.

QUIETIST
Qui"et*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. quiétiste.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of mystics originated in the seventeenth century
by Molinos, a Spanish priest living in Rome. See Quietism.

QUIETISTIC
Qui`et*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Quietists, or to Quietism.

QUIETLY
Qui"et*ly, adv.

1. In a quiet state or manner; without motion; in a state of rest;
as, to lie or sit quietly.

2. Without tumult, alarm, dispute, or disturbance; peaceably; as, to
live quietly; to sleep quietly.

3. Calmly, without agitation or violent emotion; patiently; as, to
submit quietly to unavoidable evils.

4. Noiselessly; silently; without remark or violent movement; in a
manner to attract little or no observation; as, he quietly left the
room.

QUIETNESS
Qui"et*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being quiet; freedom from noise,
agitation, disturbance, or excitement; stillness; tranquillity;
calmness.
I would have peace and quietness. Shak.

QUIETSOME
Qui"et*some, a.

Defn: Calm; still. [Obs.] Spenser.

QUIETUDE
Qui"e*tude, n. Etym: [L. quietudo: cf. F. quiétude.]

Defn: Rest; repose; quiet; tranquillity. Shelley.

QUIETUS
Qui*e"tus, n. Etym: [LL. quietus quit, discharged, L., at rest,
quiet, dead. See Quiet, a., and cf. Quit, a.]

Defn: Final discharge or acquittance, as from debt or obligation;
that which silences claims; (Fig.) rest; death.
When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin. Shak.

QUILL
Quill, n. Etym: [Perhaps fr. F. quille ninepin (see Kayless); but cf.
also G. kiel a quill. MHG. kil, and Ir. cuille a quill.]

1. One of the large feathers of a bird's wing, or one of the
rectrices of the tail; also, the stock of such a feather.

2. A pen for writing made by sharpening and splitting the point or
nib of the stock of a feather; as, history is the proper subject of
his quill. Sir H. Wotton.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) A spine of the hedgehog or porcupine.
(b) The pen of a squid. See Pen.

4. (Mus.)
(a) The plectrum with which musicians strike the strings of certain
instruments.
(b) The tube of a musical instrument.
He touched the tender stops of various quills. Milton.

5. Something having the form of a quill; as:
(a) The fold or plain of a ruff.
(b) (Weaving) A spindle, or spool, as of reed or wood, upon which the
thread for the woof is wound in a shuttle.
(c) (Mach.) A hollow spindle. Quill bit, a bit for boring resembling
the half of a reed split lengthways and having its end sharpened like
a gouge.
 -- Quill driver, one who works with a pen; a writer; a clerk.
[Jocose] -- Quill nib, a small quill pen made to be used with a
holder. Simmonds.

QUILL
Quill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Quilling.]

1. To plaint in small cylindrical ridges, called quillings; as, to
quill a ruffle.
His cravat seemed quilled into a ruff. Goldsmith.

2. To wind on a quill, as thread or yarn. Judd.

QUILLAIA BARK
Quil*la"ia bark`. (Bot.)

Defn: The bark of a rosaceous tree (Quillaja Saponaria), native of
Chili. The bark is finely laminated, and very heavy with alkaline
substances, and is used commonly by the Chilians instead of soap.
Also called soap bark.

QUILLBACK
Quill"back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American fresh-water fish (Ictiobus, or Carpiodes,
cyprinus); -- called also carp sucker, sailfish, spearfish, and
skimback.

QUILLED
Quilled, a.

Defn: Furnished with quills; also, shaped like quills. "A sharp-
quilled porcupine." Shak. Quilled suture (Surg.), a variety of stitch
in which the threads after being passed deeply through the edges of a
wound are secured about two quills or bodies of similar shape, in
order to produce a suitable degree of pressure.

QUILLET
Quil"let, n. Etym: [L. quidlibet what you please. Cf. Quiddit, and
Quibble.]

Defn: Subtilty; nicety; quibble. "Nice, sharp quillets of the law."
Shak.

QUILLING
Quill"ing, n.
(a) A band of linen, muslin, or the like, fluted, folded, or plaited
so as somewhat to resemble a row of quills.
(b) One of the rounded plaits or flutings of such a band.

QUILLWORT
Quill"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant or species of the genus Isoetes, cryptogamous plants
with a cluster of elongated four-tubed rushlike leaves, rising from a
corm, and containing spores in their enlarged and excavated bases.
There are about seventeen American species, usually growing in the
mud under still, shallow water. So called from the shape of the shape
of the leaves.

QUILT
Quilt, n. Etym: [OE. quilte, OF. cuilte, L. culcita bed, cushion,
mattress. Cf. 2d Counterpoint, Cushion.]

Defn: Anything that is quilted; esp., a quilted bed cover, or a skirt
worn by women; any cover or garment made by putting wool, cotton,
etc., between two cloths and stitching them together; also, any outer
bed cover.
The beds were covered with magnificent quilts. Arbuthnot.

QUILT
Quilt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quilted; p. pr. & vb. n. Quilting.]

1. To stitch or sew together at frequent intervals, in order to
confine in place the several layers of cloth and wadding of which a
garment, comforter, etc., may be made; as, to quilt a coat. Dryden.

2. To wad, as a garment, with warm soft material.

3. To stitch or sew in lines or patterns.

QUILTER
Quilt"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, quilts.

QUILTING
Quilt"ing, n.

1. The act of stitching or running in patterns, as in making a quilt.

2. A quilting bee. See Bee, 2.

3. The material used for making quilts.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A coating of strands of rope for a water vessel.

QUIN
Quin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European scallop (Pecten opercularis), used as food. [Prov.
Eng.]

QUINALDINE
Quin*al"dine, n. Etym: [Quinoline + aldehyde + aniline.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless liquid of a slightly pungent odor, C9H6N.CH3, first
obtained as a condensation product of aldehyde and aniline, and
regarded as a derivative of quinoline; -- called also methyl
quinoline. [Written also chinaldine.]

QUINARY
Qui"na*ry, a. Etym: [L. quinarius, from quini five each, akin to
quinque five: cf. F.quinaire. See Five.]

Defn: Consisting of five; arranged by fives. Boyle. Quinary system
(Zoöl.), a fanciful classification based on the hypothesis that each
group contains five types.

QUINATE
Qui"nate, a. Etym: [L. quini five each.] (Bot.)

Defn: Growing in sets of five; -- said especially of leaves composed
of five leaflets set at the end of a common petiole.

QUINATE
Qui"nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of quinic acid. [Written also kinate.]

QUINAZOL
Quin"a*zol, n. Etym: [Quinoline + azote.] (Chem.)

Defn: A complex nitrogenous base related to cinnoline. [Written also
chinazol.]

QUINCE
Quince, n. Etym: [Prob. a pl. from OE. quyne, coin, OF. coin, cooin,
F. coing, from L. Cydonius a quince tree, as adj., Cydonian, Gr.
Quiddany.]

1. The fruit of a shrub (Cydonia vulgaris) belonging to the same
tribe as the apple. It somewhat resembles an apple, but differs in
having many seeds in each carpel. It has hard flesh of high flavor,
but very acid, and is largely used for marmalade, jelly, and
preserves.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: a quince tree or shrub. Japan quince (Bot.), an Eastern Asiatic
shrub (Cydonia, formerly Pyrus, Japonica) and its very fragrant but
inedible fruit. The shrub has very showy flowers, usually red, but
sometimes pink or white, and is much grown for ornament.
 -- Quince curculio (Zoöl.), a small gray and yellow curculio
(Conotrachelus cratægi) whose larva lives in quinces.
 -- Quince tree (Bot.), the small tree (Cydonia vulgaris) which
produces the quince.

QUINCEWORT
Quince"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The squinancy. Called also quinsywort.

QUINCH
Quinch, v. i. Etym: [Cf. OD. quincken to quiver, shake, Fries. quink
hovering. Cf. Quich.]

Defn: To stir; to wince. [Obs.] Spenser.

QUINCUNCIAL
Quin*cun"cial, Etym: [L. quincuncialis, from quincunx. See Quincunx.]

1. Having the form of a quincunx.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the leaves of a pentamerous calyx or corolla so
imbricated that two are exterior, two are interior, and the other has
one edge exterior and one interior; as, quincuncial æstivation.
Quincuncial phyllotaxy (Bot.), an arrangement of five leaves in a
spiral, each leaf two fifths of a circle from the next.

QUINCUNCIALLY
Quin*cun"cial*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner or order of a quincunx.

QUINCUNX
Quin"cunx, n. Etym: [L., fr. quingue five + uncia an ounce. The
quincunx was marked by five small spots or balls. See Five, and Ounce
the weight.]

1. An arrangement of things by fives in a square or a rectangle, one
being placed at each corner and one in the middle; especially, such
an arrangement of trees repeated indefinitely, so as to form a
regular group with rows running in various directions.

2. (Astrol.)

Defn: The position of planets when distant from each other five
signs, or 150º. Hutton.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A quincuncial arrangement, as of the parts of a flower in
æstivation. See Quincuncial, 2.

QUINDECAGON
Quin*dec"a*gon, n. Etym: [L. quindecim fifteen + Gr. (Geom.)

Defn: A plane figure with fifteen angles, and consequently fifteen
sides.

QUINDECEMVIR
Quin`de*cem"vir, n.; pl. E. Quindecemvirs, L. Quindecemviri. Etym:
[L., from quindecim fifteen + vir a man.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: One of a sacerdotal college of fifteen men whose chief duty was
to take care of the Sibylline books.

QUINDECEMVIRATE
Quin`de*cem"vi*rate, n. Etym: [L. quindecimviratus.]

Defn: The body or office of the quindecemviri.

QUINDECONE
Quin*dec"one, n. Etym: [L. quindecim fifteen.] (Chem.)

Defn: An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C15H26, of the valylene series,
produced artificially as an oily liquid. [Written also quindekone.]

QUINDECYLIC
Quin`de*cyl"ic, n. Etym: [L. quindecim fifteen + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the fatty acid
series, containing fifteen atoms of carbon; called also pentadecylic
acid.

QUINDEM
Quin"dem, n.

Defn: A fifteenth part. [Obs.]

QUINDISM
Quin"dism, n.

Defn: A fifteenth. [Obs.] Prynne.

QUINHYDRONE
Quin*hy"drone, n. Etym: [Quinone + hydroquinone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A green crystalline substance formed by the union of quinone
with hydroquinone, or as an intermediate product in the oxidation of
hydroquinone or the reduction of quinone. [Written also chinhydrone.]

QUINIA
Quin"i*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: Quinine.

QUINIBLE
Quin"i*ble, n. Etym: [L. quini five each.] (Mus.)

Defn: An interval of a fifth; also, a part sung with such intervals.
[Obs.] "He sang . . . a loud quynyble." Chaucer.

QUINIC
Quin"ic, a. Etym: [See Quinine, and cf. Kinic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or connected with, quinine and
related compounds; specifically, designating a nonnitrogenous acid
obtained from cinchona bark, coffee, beans, etc., as a white
crystalline substance. [Written also chinic, kinic.]

QUINICINE
Quin"i*cine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An uncrystallizable alkaloid obtained by the action of heat
from quinine, with which it is isomeric.

QUINIDINE
Quin"i*dine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid isomeric with, and resembling, quinine, found in
certain species of cinchona, from which it is extracted as a bitter
white crystalline substance; conchinine. It is used somewhat as a
febrifuge. [Written also chinidine.]

QUININE
Qui"nine, n. Etym: [F. (cf. Sp. quinina), fr. Sp. quina, or
quinaquina, Peruvian bark, fr. Peruv. kina, quina, bark. Cf. Kinic.]
(Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid extracted from the bark of several species of
cinchona (esp. Cinchona Calisaya) as a bitter white crystalline
substance, C20H24N2O2. Hence, by extension (Med.), any of the salts
of this alkaloid, as the acetate, chloride, sulphate, etc., employed
as a febrifuge or antiperiodic. Called also quinia, quinina, etc.
[Written also chinine.]

QUININIC
Qui*nin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous acid obtained as a
yellow crystalline substance by the oxidation of quinine.

QUININISM; QUINISM
Qui"nin*ism, Qui"nism, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Cinchonism.

QUINIZARIN
Qui*niz"a*rin, Etym: [Hydroquinone + alizarin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance produced artificially. It is
isomeric with alizarin.

QUINIZINE
Quin"i*zine, n. Etym: [Quinoline + hydrazine.] (Chem.)

Defn: any one of a series of nitrogenous bases, certain of which are
used as antipyretics.

QUINNAT
Quin"nat, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The California salmon (Oncorhynchus choicha); -- called also
chouicha, king salmon, chinnook salmon, and Sacramento salmon. It is
of great commercial importance. [Written also quinnet.]

QUINOA
Qui*no"a, n.

Defn: The seeds of a kind of goosewort (Chenopodium Quinoa), used in
Chili and Peru for making porridge or cakes; also, food thus made.

QUINOGEN
Quin"o*gen, n. Etym: [Quinine + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical of quinine and related alkaloids.

QUINOIDINE
Qui*noid"ine, n. Etym: [Quinine + -oid.] (Med. (Chem.)

Defn: A brownish resinous substance obtained as a by-product in the
treatment of cinchona bark. It consists of a mixture of several
alkaloids. [Written also chinoidine.]

QUINOLINE
Quin"o*line, n. Etym: [Quinine + L. oleum oil + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous base, C9H7N obtained as a pungent colorless
liquid by the distillation of alkaloids, bones, coal tar, etc. It the
nucleus of many organic bodies, especially of certain alkaloids and
related substances; hence, by extension, any one of the series of
alkaloidal bases of which quinoline proper is the type. [Written also
chinoline.]

QUINOLOGIST
Qui*nol"o*gist n.

Defn: One who is versed in quinology.

QUINOLOGY
Qui*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Quinine + -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of the cultivation of the cinchona,
and of its use in medicine.

QUINONE
Qui"none, n. Etym: [Quinine + ketone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline substance, C6H4O2 (called also benzoketone),
first obtained by the oxidation of quinic acid and regarded as a
double ketone; also, by extension, any one of the series of which
quinone proper is the type. [Written also chinone, kinone.]

QUINOVIC
Qui*no"vic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a crystalline acid obtained from
some varieties of cinchona bark. [Written also chinovic, and
kinovic.]

QUINOVIN
Qui*no"vin, n. Etym: [NL. quina nova the tree Cosmibuena magnifolia,
whose bark yields quinovin.] (Chem.)

Defn: An amorphous bitter glucoside derived from cinchona and other
barks. Called also quinova bitter, and quinova. [Written also
chinovin, and kinovin.]

QUINOXALINE
Quin*ox"a*line, n. Etym: [Quinoline + glyoxal.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of complex nitrogenous bases obtained by
the union of certain aniline derivatives with glyoxal or with certain
ketones. [Written also chinoxaline.]

QUINOXYL
Quin*ox"yl, n. Etym: [Quinone + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical of certain quinone derivatives related
to rhodizonic acid.

QUINOYL
Qui"noyl, n. Etym: [Quinone + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A radical of which quinone is the hydride, analogous to phenyl.
[Written also kinoyl.]

QUINQUAGESIMA
Quin`qua*ges"i*ma, a. Etym: [L., fr. quinquagesimus the fiftieth,
akin to quinquaginta fifty, quinque five. See Five.]

Defn: Fiftieth. Quinquagesima Sunday, the Sunday which is the
fiftieth day before Easter, both days being included in the
reckoning; -- called also Shrove Sunday.

QUINQUANGULAR
Quin*quan"gu*lar, a. Etym: [L. quinquanqulus; quinque five + angulus
ad angle: cf. F. quinquangulaire.]

Defn: Having five angles or corners.

QUINQUARTICULAR
Quin`quar*tic"u*lar, a. Etym: [Quinque- + article.] (Theol.)

Defn: Relating to the five articles or points; as, the
quinquarticular controversy between Arminians and Calvinists. [Obs.]
Bp. Sanderson.

QUINQUE-
Quin"que-. Etym: [L. quinque five. See Five.]

Defn: A combining form meaning five, five times, fivefold; as,
quinquefid, five-cleft; quinquedentate, five-toothed.

QUINQUEANGLED
Quin"que*an`gled, a. Etym: [Quinque- + angle.]

Defn: Having five angles; quinquangular.

QUINQUEDENTATE; QUINQUEDENTATED
Quin`que*den"tate, Quin`que*den"ta*ted, a. Etym: [Quinque- + dentate,
-tated: cf. F. quinquédenté.]

Defn: Five-toothed; as, a quinquedentate leaf.

QUINQUEFARIOUS
Quin`que*fa"ri*ous, a. Etym: [From L. quinque five: cf. F.
quinquéfarié. Cf. Bifarious.] (Bot.)

Defn: Arranged in five vertical rows; pentastichous. Gray.

QUINQUEFID
Quin"que*fid, a. Etym: [Quique- + the root of L. findere to cleave:
cf. F. quinquéfide.] (Bot.)

Defn: Sharply cut about halfway to the middle or base into five
segments; as, a quinquefid leaf or corolla.

QUINQUEFOLIATE; QUINQUEFOLIATED
Quin`que*fo"li*ate, Quin`que*fo"li*a`ted, a. Etym: [Quinque- +
foliate, -ated: cf. F. quinquéfolié, L. quinquefolius.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having five leaves or leaflets. Gray.

QUINQUE FOLIOLATE
Quin`que fo"li*o*late, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having five leaflets. Gray.

QUINQUELITERAL
Quin`que*lit"er*al, a. Etym: [Quinque- + literal.]

Defn: Consisting of five letters.

QUINQUELOBATE; QUINQUELOBARED
Quin`que*lo"bate, Quin`que*lo"ba*red, a. Etym: [Quinque- + lobate, -
ated: cf. F. quinquélobé.]

Defn: Cut less than halfway into portions, usually somewhat rounded;
five-lobed; as, a quinquelobate leaf or corolla.

QUINQUELOBED
Quin"que*lobed`, a. Etym: [Quinque- + lobe.]

Defn: Same as Quinquelobate.

QUINQUELOCULAR
Quin`que*loc"u*lar, a. Etym: [Quinque- + locular: cf. F.
quinquéloculaire.]

Defn: Having five cells or loculi; five-celled; as, a quinquelocular
pericarp.

QUINQUENERVED
Quin"que*nerved`, a. Etym: [Quinque- + nerve.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having five nerves; -- said of a leaf with five nearly equal
nerves or ribs rising from the end of the petiole.

QUINQUENNALIA
Quin`quen*na"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. quinquennalis. See
Ouinquennial.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: Public games celebrated every five years.

QUINQUENNIAL
Quin*quen"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. quinquennalis and quinquennis; quinque
five + annus year. See Five, and cf. Biennial.]

Defn: Occurring once in five years, or at the end of every five
years; also, lasting five years. A quinquennial event.

QUINQUENNIUM
Quin*quen"ni*um, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Space of five years.

QUINQUEPARTITE
Quin*quep"ar*tite, a. Etym: [L. quinquepartitus; quinque five +
partitus, p. p. of partire to divide: cf. F. quinquépartite.]

1. Consisting of five parts.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Divided into five parts almost to the base.

QUINQUEREME
Quin"que*reme, n. Etym: [L. quinqueremis; quinque five + remus an
oar: cf. F. quinquérème]

Defn: A galley having five benches or banks of oars; as, an Athenian
quinquereme.

QUINQUESYLLABLE
Quin"que*syl`la*ble, n. Etym: [Quinque- + syllable.]

Defn: A word of five syllables.

QUINQUEVALVE; QUINQUEVALVULAR
Quin"que*valve, Quin`que*val"vu*lar, a. Etym: [Quinque- + valve,
valvular: cf. F. quinquévalve.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having five valves, as a pericarp.

QUINQUEVIR
Quin"que*vir, n.; pl; E. Quinquevirs, L. Quinqueviri. Etym: [L., fr.
quinque Five + vir man.] (Bot. Antiq.)

Defn: One of five commissioners appointed for some special object.

QUINQUINA
Quin*qui"na, n. Etym: [NL. & F. See Quinine.]

Defn: Peruvian bark.

QUINQUIVALENT
Quin*quiv"a*lent, a. Etym: [Quinque- + L. valens, -entis, p. pr. See
Valence.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Pentavalent.

QUINSY
Quin"sy, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. squinancy, F. esquinancie, L. cynanche
a sort of sore throat, Gr. synanche sore throat, Gr. Hound, Anger,
and Cynanche.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammation of the throat, or parts adjacent, especially of
the fauces or tonsils, attended by considerable swelling, painful and
impeded deglutition, and accompanied by inflammatory fever. It
sometimes creates danger of suffocation; -- called also squinancy,
and squinzey.

QUINT
Quint, n. Etym: [F. quinte, fr. L. quintus, quinta, the fifth,
quinque five. See Five.]

1. A set or sequence of five, as in piquet.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The interval of a fifth.

QUINTAIN
Quin"tain, n. Etym: [F. quintaine, LL. quintana; cf. W. chwintan a
kind of hymeneal game.]

Defn: An object to be tilted at; -- called also quintel. [Written
also quintin.]

Note: A common form in the Middle Ages was an upright post, on the
top of which turned a crosspiece, having on one end a broad board,
and on the other a sand bag. The endeavor was to strike the board
with the lance while riding under, and get away without being hit by
the sand bag. "But a quintain, a mere lifeless block." Shak.

QUINTAL
Quin"tal, n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. quintal, fr. Ar. qintar a weight of
100 lbs., prob. fr. L. centenarius consisting of a hundred, fr.
centeni a hundred each, fr. centum a hundred. See Hundred, and cf.
Kentle.]

1. A hundredweight, either 112 or 100 pounds, according to the scale
used. Cf. Cental. [Sometimes written and pronounced kentle.]

2. A metric measure of weight, being 100,000 grams, or 100 kilograms,
equal to 220.46 pounds avoirdupois.

QUINTAN
Quin"tan, a. Etym: [L. quintanus, fr. quintus fifth, quinque five.
See Five.]

Defn: Occurring as the fifth, after four others also, occurring every
fifth day, reckoning inclusively; as, a quintan fever.
 -- n. (Med.)

Defn: An intermittent fever which returns every fifth day, reckoning
inclusively, or in which the intermission lasts three days.

QUINTEL
Quin"tel, n.

Defn: See Quintain.

QUINTESSENCE
Quin*tes"sence, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. quinta essentia fifth essence.
See Quint, and Essence.]

1. The fifth or last and highest essence or power in a natural body.
See Ferment oils, under Ferment. [Obs.]

Note: The ancient Greeks recognized four elements, fire, air, water,
and earth. The Pythagoreans added a fifth and called it nether, the
fifth essence, which they said flew upward at creation and out of it
the stars were made. The alchemists sometimes considered alcohol, or
the ferment oils, as the fifth essence.

2. Hence: An extract from anything, containing its rarest virtue, or
most subtle and essential constituent in a small quantity; pure or
concentrated essence.
Let there be light, said God; and forthwith light Ethereal, first of
things, quintessence pure, Sprung from the deep. Milton.

QUINTESSENCE
Quin*tes"sence, v. t.

Defn: To distil or extract as a quintessence; to reduce to a
quintessence. [R.] Stirling. "Truth quintessenced and raised to the
highest power." J. A. Symonds.

QUINTESSENTIAL
Quin`tes*sen"tial, a.

Defn: Of the nature of a quintessence; purest. "Quintessential
extract of mediocrity." G. Eliot.

QUINTET; QUINTETTE
Quin*tet", Quin*tette", n. Etym: [It. quintetto, dim. of quinto the
fifth, a fifth part, from L. quintus the fifth: cf. F. quintette. See
Quint.] (Mus.)

Defn: A composition for five voices or instruments; also, the set of
five persons who sing or play five-part music.

QUINTIC
Quin"tic, a. Etym: [L. quintus fifth, fr. quinque five.] (Alg.)

Defn: Of the fifth degree or order.
 -- n. (Alg.)

Defn: A quantic of the fifth degree. See Quantic.

QUINTILE
Quin"tile, n. Etym: [F. quintil aspect, fr. L. quintus the fifth.]
(Astron.)

Defn: The aspect of planets when separated the fifth part of the
zodiac, or 72º. Hutton.

QUINTILLLION
Quin*till"lion, n. Etym: [Formed fr. L. quintus the fifth, after the
analogy of million: cf. F. quintillion. See Quint.]

Defn: According to the French notation, which is used on the
Continent and in America, the cube of a million, or a unit with
eighteen ciphers annexed; according to the English notation, a number
produced by involving a million to the fifth power, or a unit with
thirty ciphers annexed. See the Note under Numeration.

QUINTIN
Quin"tin, n.

Defn: See Quintain.

QUINTINE
Quin"tine, n. Etym: [L. quintus the fifth: cf. F. quintine.] (Bot.)

Defn: The embryonic sac of an ovule, sometimes regarded as an
innermost fifth integument. Cf. Quartine, and Tercine.

QUINTOLE
Quin"tole, n. Etym: [It. quinto fifth.] (Mus.)

Defn: A group of five notes to be played or sung in the time of four
of the same species.

QUINTROON
Quin*troon", n. [Sp. quinteron the off-spring of a quadroon and a
white.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: The off-spring of an octoroon and a white person.

QUINTUPLE
Quin"tu*ple, a. Etym: [L. quintus fifth: cf. F. quintuple, L.
quintuplex. Cf. Quadruple.]

Defn: Multiplied by five; increased to five times the amount;
fivefold. Quintuple time (Mus.), a time having five beats in a
measure. It is seldom used.

QUINTUPLE
Quin"tu*ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quintupled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Quintupling.] Etym: [Cf. F. quintupler.]

Defn: To make fivefold, or five times as much or many.

QUINTUPLE-NERVED; QUINTUPLE-RIBBED
Quin"tu*ple-nerved`, Quin"tu*ple-ribbed`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: The same as Quinquenerved.

QUINTUPLET
Quin"tu*plet, n. [From Quintuple.]

1. A collection or combination of five of a kind.

2.  pl. Five children born in the same labor.

3.  (Mus.) A group of five connected notes; a turn of five notes.

4.  A cycle having five crank shafts and adapted for five riders, all
of whom can assist in the propulsion.

QUINZAINE
Quin"zaine, n. Etym: [F., from quinze fifteen, L. quindecim. See
Fifteen.]

Defn: The fifteenth day after a feast day, including both in the
reckoning. [Written also quinzain.]

QUINZE
Quinze, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A game at cards in which the object is to make fifteen points.

QUIP
Quip, n. Etym: [Cf. W. chwip a quick flirt or turn, chwipio to whip,
to move briskly, and E. whip. Cf. Quib, Quibble.]

Defn: A smart, sarcastic turn or jest; a taunt; a severe retort; a
gibe.
Quips, and cranks, and wanton wiles. Milton.
He was full of joke and jest, But all his merry quips are o'er.
Tennyson.

QUIP
Quip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Quipping.]

Defn: To taunt; to treat with quips.
The more he laughs, and does her closely quip. Spenser.

QUIP
Quip, v. i.

Defn: To scoff; to use taunts. Sir H. Sidney.

QUIPO
Qui"po, n.

Defn: Same as Quipu.

QUIPU
Qui"pu, n.; pl. Quipus. Etym: [Peruv.quipu a knot.]

Defn: A contrivance employed by the ancient Peruvians, Mexicans,
etc., as a substitute for writing and figures, consisting of a main
cord, from which hung at certain distances smaller cords of various
colors, each having a special meaning, as silver, gold, corn,
soldiers. etc. Single, double, and triple knots were tied in the
smaller cords, representing definite numbers. It was chiefly used for
arithmetical purposes, and to register important facts and events.
[Written also quipo.] Tylor.
The mysterious science of the quipus . . . supplied the Peruvians
with the means of communicating their ideas to one another, and of
transmitting them to future generations. Prescott.

QUIRBOILLY
Quir"boil*ly`, n. Etym: [OE. cuir bouilli.]

Defn: Leather softened by boiling so as to take any required shape.
Upon drying, it becomes exceedingly hard, and hence was formerly used
for armor. [Obs.] "His jambeux were of quyrboilly." Chaucer.

QUIRE
Quire, n.

Defn: See Choir. [Obs.] Spenser.
A quire of such enticing birds. Shak.

QUIRE
Quire, v. i.

Defn: To sing in concert. [R.] Shak.

QUIRE
Quire, n. Etym: [OE. quaer, quair, OF. quayer, cayer, caïer, F.
cahier, a book of loose sheets, a quarter of a quire, LL. quaternus,
quaternum, sheets of paper packed together, properly, four together,
fr. L. quaterni four each, by fours, quattuor, four. See Four and cf.
Cahier.]

Defn: A collection of twenty-four sheets of paper of the same size
and quality, unfolded or having a single fold; one twentieth of a
ream.

QUIRINAL
Quir"i*nal, a. [L. Quirinals, fr. Quirinus, a name of Romulus.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, the hill Collis Quirinalis,
now Monte Quirinale (one of the seven hills of Rome), or a modern
royal place situated upon it. Also used substantively.

QUIRISTER
Quir"is*ter, n. Etym: [See Quire, Chorister.]

Defn: A chorister. See Chorister. [R.] Thomson.

QUIRITATION
Quir`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. quiritatio, fr. quiritare to raise a
plaintive cry, v. freq. fr. queri to complain.]

Defn: A crying for help. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

QUIRITE
Qui"rite, n.

Defn: One of the Quirites.

QUIRITES
Qui*ri"tes, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Cures, a Sabine town.] (Rom.
Antiq.)

Defn: Roman citizens.

Note: After the Sabines and Romans had united themselves into one
community, under Romulus, the name of Quirites was taken in addition
to that of Romani, the Romans calling themselves in a civil capacity
Quirites, while in a political and military capacity they retained
the name of Romani. Andrews.

QUIRK
Quirk, n. [Written also querk.] Etym: [Cf W. chwiori to turn briskly,
or E. queer.]

1. A sudden turn; a starting from the point or line; hence, an artful
evasion or subterfuge; a shift; a quibble; as, the quirks of a
pettifogger. "Some quirk or . . . evasion." Spenser.
We ground the justification of our nonconformity on dark subtilties
and intricate quirks. Barrow.

2. A fit or turn; a short paroxysm; a caprice. [Obs.] "Quirks of joy
and grief." Shak.

3. A smart retort; a quibble; a shallow conceit.
Some odd quirks and remnants of wit. Shak.

4. An irregular air; as, light quirks of music. Pope.

5. (Building)

Defn: A piece of ground taken out of any regular ground plot or
floor, so as to make a court, yard, etc.; -- sometimes written quink.
Gwilt.

6. (Arch.)

Defn: A small channel, deeply recessed in proportion to its width,
used to insulate and give relief to a convex rounded molding. Quirk
molding, a bead between two quirks.

QUIRKED
Quirked, a.

Defn: Having, or formed with, a quirk or quirks.

QUIRKISH
Quirk"ish

Defn: , Consisting of quirks; resembling a quirk. Barrow.

QUIRKY
Quirk"y, a.

Defn: Full of quirks; tricky; as, a quirky lawyer.

QUIRL
Quirl, n. & v.

Defn: See Querl.

QUIRPELE
Quir"pele, n. Etym: [Tamil kirippillai.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Indian ferret.

QUIRT
Quirt, n.

Defn: A rawhide whip plaited with two thongs of buffalo hide T.
Roosevelt.

QUISH
Quish, n.

Defn: See Cuish.

QUIT
Quit, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small passerine birds native of
tropical America. See Banana quit, under Banana, and Guitguit.

QUIT
Quit, a. Etym: [OE. quite, OF. quite, F. quitte. See Quit, v.,
Quirt.]

Defn: Released from obligation, charge, penalty, etc.; free; clear;
absolved; acquitted. Chaucer.
The owner of the ox shall be quit. Ex. xxi. 28.

Note: This word is sometimes used in the form quits, colloquially;
as, to be quits with one, that is, to have made mutual satisfaction
of demands with him; to be even with him; hence, as an exclamation:
Quits! we are even, or on equal terms. "To cry quits with the commons
in their complaints." Fuller.

QUIT
Quit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quit or Quitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Quitting.]
Etym: [OE. quiten, OF. quiter, quitier, cuitier, F. quitter, to
acquit, quit, LL. quietare, fr. L. quietare to calm, to quiet, fr.
quietus quiet. See Quiet, a., and cf. Quit, a., Quite, Acquit,
Requite.]

1. To set at rest; to free, as from anything harmful or oppressive;
to relieve; to clear; to liberate. [R.]
To quit you of this fear, you have already looked Death in the face;
what have you found so terrible in it Wake.

2. To release from obligation, accusation, penalty, or the like; to
absolve; to acquit.
There may no gold them quyte. Chaucer.
God will relent, and quit thee all his debt. Milton.

3. To discharge, as an obligation or duty; to meet and satisfy, as a
claim or debt; to make payment for or of; to requite; to repay.
The blissful martyr quyte you your meed. Chaucer.
Enkindle all the sparks of nature To quit this horrid act. Shak.
Before that judge that quits each soul his hire. Fairfax.

4. To meet the claims upon, or expectations entertained of; to
conduct; to acquit; -- used reflexively.
Be strong, and quit yourselves like men. I Sam. iv. 9.
Samson hath guit himself Like Samson. Milton.

5. To carry through; to go through to the end. [Obs.]
Never worthy prince a day did quit With greater hazard and with more
renown. Daniel.

6. To have done with; to cease from; to stop; hence, to depart from;
to leave; to forsake; as, to quit work; to quit the place; to quit
jesting.
Such a superficial way of examining is to quit truth for appearance.
Locke.
To quit cost, to pay; to reimburse.
 -- To quit scores, to make even; to clear mutually from demands.
Does not the earth quit scores with all the elements in the noble
fruits that issue from it South.

Syn.
 -- To leave; relinquish; resign; abandon; forsake; surrender;
discharge; requite.
 -- Quit, Leave. Leave is a general term, signifying merely an act of
departure; quit implies a going without intention of return, a final
and absolute abandonment.

QUIT
Quit, v. i.

Defn: To away; to depart; to stop doing a thing; to cease.

QUITCH
Quitch, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Quitch grass.

2. Figuratively: A vice; a taint; an evil.
To pick the vicious quitch Of blood and custom wholly out of him.
Tennyson
.

QUITCH GRASS
Quitch" grass`. Etym: [Properly quick grass, being probably so called
from its vigorous growth, or from its tenacity of life. See Quick,
and cf. Couch grass.] (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial grass (Agropyrum repens) having long running
rootstalks, by which it spreads rapidly and pertinaciously, and so
becomes a troublesome weed. Also called couch grass, quick grass,
quick grass, twitch grass. See Illustration in Appendix.

QUITCLAIM
Quit"claim`, n. Etym: [Quit, a. + claim.] (Law)

Defn: A release or relinquishment of a claim; a deed of release; an
instrument by which some right, title, interest, or claim, which one
person has, or is supposed to have, in or to an estate held by
himself or another, is released or relinquished, the grantor
generally covenanting only against persons who claim under himself.

QUITCLAIM
Quit"claim`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quitclaimed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Quitclaiming.] (Law)

Defn: To release or relinquish a claim to; to release a claim to by
deed, without covenants of warranty against adverse and paramount
titles.

QUITE
Quite, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Quit. [Obs.] Chaucer.

QUITE
Quite, adv. Etym: [F. quite discharged, free, clear; cf. OF.
quitement freely, frankly, entirely. See Quit, a.]

1. Completely; wholly; entirely; totally; perfectly; as, the work is
not quite done; the object is quite accomplished; to be quite
mistaken.
Man shall not quite be lost, but saved who will. Milton.
The same actions may be aimed at different ends, and arise from quite
contrary principles. Spectator.

2. To a great extent or degree; very; very much; considerably. "Quite
amusing." Macaulay.
He really looks quite concerned. Landor.
The island stretches along the land and is quite close to it. Jowett
(Thucyd. ).

QUITLY
Quit"ly, adv.

Defn: Quite. [Obs.] Chaucer.

QUITRENT
Quit"rent`, n. Etym: [Quit, a. + rent] (Law)

Defn: A rent reserved in grants of land, by the payment of which the
tenant is quit from other service. Blackstone.

Note: In some of the United States a fee-farm rent is so termed.
Burrill.

QUITS
Quits interj.

Defn: See the Note under Quit, a.

QUITTABLE
Quit"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being quitted.

QUITTAL
Quit"tal, n.

Defn: Return; requital; quittance. [Obs.]

QUITTANCE
Quit"tance, n. Etym: [OE. quitaunce, OF. quitance, F. quittance. See
Quit, v. t.]

1. Discharge from a debt or an obligation; acquittance.
Omittance is no quittance. Shak.

2. Recompense; return; repayment. [Obs.] Shak.

QUITTANCE
Quit"tance, v. t.

Defn: To repay; to requite. [Obs.] Shak.

QUITTER
Quit"ter, n.

1. One who quits.

2. A deliverer. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

QUITTOR
Quit"tor, n. Etym: [Perhaps for quitture.] (Far.)

Defn: A chronic abscess, or fistula of the coronet, in a horse's
foot, resulting from inflammation of the tissues investing the coffin
bone.

QUITTURE
Quit"ture, n.

Defn: A discharge; an issue. [Obs.]
To cleanse the quitture from thy wound. Chapman.

QUIVER
Quiv"er, a. Etym: [Akin to AS. cwiferlice anxiously; cf. OD. kuiven,
kuiveren. Cf. Quaver.]

Defn: Nimble; active. [Obs.] " A little quiver fellow." Shak.

QUIVER
Quiv"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quivered; p. pr. & vb. n. Quivering.]
Etym: [Cf. Quaver.]

Defn: To shake or move with slight and tremulous motion; to tremble;
to quake; to shudder; to shiver.
The green leaves quiver with the cooling wind. Shak.
And left the limbs still quivering on the ground. Addison.

QUIVER
Quiv"er, n.

Defn: The act or state of quivering; a tremor.

QUIVER
Quiv"er, n. Etym: [OF. cuivre, cuevre, coivre, LL. cucurum, fr. OHG.
chohhari quiver, receptacle, G. köcher quiver; akin to AS. color,
cocur, cocer, D. koker. Cf. Cocker a high shoe.]

Defn: A case or sheath for arrows to be carried on the person.
Reside him hung his bow And quiver, with three-bolted thunder stored.
Milton.

QUIVERED
Quiv"ered, a.

1. Furnished with, or carrying, a quiver. "Like a quivered nymph with
arrows keen." Milton.

2. Sheathed, as in a quiver. "Whose quills stand quivered at his
ear." Pope.

QUIVERINGLY
Quiv"er*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With quivering motion.

QUI VIVE
Qui` vive". Etym: [F., fr. qui who + vive, pres. subj. of vivre to
live.]

Defn: The challenge of a French sentinel, or patrol; -- used like the
English challenge: "Who comes there" To be on the qui vive, to be on
guard; to be watchful and alert, like a sentinel.

QUIXOTIC
Quix*ot"ic, a.

Defn: Like Don Quixote; romantic to extravagance; absurdly chivalric;
apt to be deluded. "Feats of quixotic gallantry." Prescott.

QUIXOTICALLY
Quix*ot"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a quixotic way.

QUIXOTISM
Quix"ot*ism, n.

Defn: That form of delusion which leads to extravagant and absurd
undertakings or sacrifices in obedience to a morbidly romantic ideal
of duty or honor, as illustrated by the exploits of Don Quixote in
knight-errantry.

QUIXOTRY
Quix"ot*ry, n.

Defn: Quixotism; visionary schemes.

QUIZ
Quiz, n. Etym: [It is said that Daly, the manager of a Dublin
playhouse, laid a wager that a new word of no meaning should be the
common talk and puzzle of the city in twenty-fours. In consequence of
this the letters q u i z were chalked by him on all the walls of
Dublin, with an effect that won the wager. Perhaps, however,
originally a variant of whiz, and formerly the name of a popular
game.]

1. A riddle or obscure question; an enigma; a ridiculous hoax.

2. One who quizzes others; as, he is a great quiz.

3. An odd or absurd fellow. Smart. Thackeray.

4. An exercise, or a course of exercises, conducted as a coaching or
as an examination. [Cant, U.S.]

QUIZ
Quiz, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quizzed; p. pr. & vb. n. Quizzing.]

1. To puzzle; to banter; to chaff or mock with pretended seriousness
of discourse; to make sport of, as by obscure questions.
He quizzed unmercifully all the men in the room. Thackeray.

2. To peer at; to eye suspiciously or mockingly.

3. To instruct in or by a quiz. See Quiz, n., 4. [U.S.] Quizzing
glass, a small eyeglass.

QUIZ
Quiz, v. i.

Defn: To conduct a quiz. See Quiz, n., 4. [U.S.]

QUIZZER
Quiz"zer, n.

Defn: One who quizzes; a quiz.

QUIZZICAL
Quiz"zic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to quizzing: given to quizzing; of the nature of a
quiz; farcical; sportive.
 -- Quiz"zic*al*ly, adv.

QUIZZISM
Quiz"zism, n.

Defn: The act or habit of quizzing.

QUOB
Quob, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Quaver.] [Written also quop and quab.]

Defn: To throb; to quiver. [Local & Vulgar]

QUOD
Quod, n. Etym: [For quad, abbrev. of quadrangle.]

Defn: A quadrangle or court, as of a prison; hence, a prison. [Slang]
"Flogged or whipped in quod." T. Hughes.

QUOD
Quod, v.

Defn: Quoth; said. See Quoth. [Obs.]
"Let be," quod he, "it shall not be." Chaucer.

QUODDIES
Quod"dies, n. pl.

Defn: Herring taken and cured or smoked near Quoddy Head, Maine, or
near the entrance of Passamaquoddy Ray.

QUODLIBET
Quod"li*bet, n. Etym: [L., what you please.]

1. A nice point; a subtilty; a debatable point.
These are your quodlibets, but no learning. P. Fletcher.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A medley improvised by several performers.

QUODLIBETARIAN
Quod"lib*e*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who discusses any subject at pleasure.

QUODLIBETICAL
Quod"li*bet"ic*al, a.

Defn: Not restricted to a particular subject; discussed for curiosity
or entertainment.
 -- Quod`li*bet"ic*al*ly, adv.

QUOIF
Quoif, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Coif. Shak.

QUOIFFURE
Quoif"fure, n.

Defn: See Coiffure.

QUOIL
Quoil, n.

Defn: See Coil. [Obs.]

QUOIN
Quoin, n. Etym: [See Coin, and cf. Coigne.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: Originally, a solid exterior angle, as of a building; now,
commonly, one of the selected pieces of material by which the corner
is marked.

Note: In stone, the quoins consist of blocks larger than those used
in the rest of the building, and cut to dimension. In brickwork,
quoins consist of groups or masses of brick laid together, and in a
certain imitation of quoins of stone.

2. A wedgelike piece of stone, wood metal, or other material, used
for various purposes, as: (a) (Masonry)

Defn: to support and steady a stone.
(b) (Gun.) To support the breech of a cannon.
(c) (Print.) To wedge or lock up a form within a chase. (d) (Naut.)
To prevent casks from rolling. Hollow quoin. See under Hollow.
 -- Quoin post (Canals), the post of a lock gate which abuts against
the wall.

QUOIT
Quoit, n. Etym: [OE. coite; cf. OF. coitier to spur, press, (assumed)
LL. coctare, fr. L. coquere, coctum, to cook, burn, vex, harass, E.
cook, also W. coete a quoit.]

1.
(a) A flattened ring-shaped piece of iron, to be pitched at a fixed
object in play; hence, any heavy flat missile used for the same
purpose, as a stone, piece of iron, etc. (b) pl.

Defn: A game played with quoits. Shak.

2. The discus of the ancients. See Discus.

3. A cromlech. [Prov. Eng.] J. Morley.

QUOIT
Quoit, v. i.

Defn: To throw quoits; to play at quoits.
To quoit, to run, and steeds and chariots drive. Dryden.

QUOIT
Quoit, v. t.

Defn: To throw; to pitch. [Obs. or R.] Shak.

QUOKE
Quoke, obs.

Defn: imp. of Quake. Chaucer.

QUOLL
Quoll, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marsupial of Australia (Dasyurus macrurus), about the size of
a cat.

QUONDAM
Quon"dam, a. Etym: [L., formerly.]

Defn: Having been formerly; former; sometime. "This is the quondam
king." Shak.

QUONDAM
Quon"dam, n.

Defn: A person dismissed or ejected from a position. [R.] "Make them
quondams; . . . cast them out of their office." Latimer.

QUOOK
Quook,

Defn: imp. of Quake. [Obs.] Spenser.

QUOP
Quop, v. i.

Defn: See Quob.

QUORUM
Quo"rum, n. Etym: [L., of whom, gen. pl. of qui who, akin to E. who.
See the Note below.]

Defn: Such a number of the officers or members of any body as is
competent by law or constitution to transact business; as, a quorum
of the House of Representatives; a constitutional quorum was not
present.

Note: The term arose from the Latin words, Quorum aliquem vestrum . .
. unum esse volumus (of whom we wish some one of you to be one),
which were used in the commission formerly issued to justices of the
peace in England, by which commission it was directed that no
business of certain kinds should be done without the presence of one
or more of certain justices specially designated. Justice of the
peace and of the quorum designates a class of justices of the peace
in some of the United States.

QUOTA
Quo"ta, n. Etym: [LL., fr. L. quota (sc. pars), fr.quotus which or
what in number, of what number, how many, fr. quot how many, akin to
quis, qui, who: cf. It. quota a share. See Who.]

Defn: A proportional part or share; the share or proportion assigned
to each in a division. "Quota of troops and money." Motley.

QUOTABLE
Quot"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable or worthy of being quoted; as, a quotable writer; a
quotable sentence.
 -- Quot`a*bit"i*ty, n. Poe.

QUOTATION
Quo*ta"tion, n. Etym: [From Quote.]

1. The act of quoting or citing.

2. That which is quoted or cited; a part of a book or writing named,
repeated, or adduced as evidence or illustration. Locke.

3. (Com.)

Defn: The naming or publishing of the current price of stocks, bonds,
or any commodity; also the price named.

4. Quota; share. [Obs.]

5. (print.)

Defn: A piece of hollow type metal, lower than type, and measuring
two or more pica ems in length and breadth, used in the blank spaces
at the beginning and end of chapters, etc. Quotation marks (Print.),
two inverted commas placed at the beginning, and two apostrophes at
the end, of a passage quoted from an author in his own words.

QUOTATIONIST
Quo*ta"tion*ist n.

Defn: One who makes, or is given to making, quotations.
The narrow intellectuals of quotationists. Milton.

QUOTE
Quote, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Quoting.] Etym:
[OF. quoter, F. coter to letter, number, to quote, LL. quotare to
divide into chapters and verses, fr. L. quotus. See Quota.] [Formerly
written also cote.]

1. To cite, as a passage from some author; to name, repeat, or
adduce, as a passage from an author or speaker, by way of authority
or illustration; as, to quote a passage from Homer.

2. To cite a passage from; to name as the authority for a statement
or an opinion; as, to quote Shakespeare.

3. (Com.)

Defn: To name the current price of.

4. To notice; to observe; to examine. [Obs.] Shak.

5. To set down, as in writing. [Obs.] "He's quoted for a most
perfidious slave." Shak.

Syn.
 -- To cite; name; adduce; repeat. Quote, Cite. To cite was
originally to call into court as a witness, etc., and hence denotes
bringing forward any thing or person as evidence. Quote usually
signifies to reproduce another's words; it is also used to indicate
an appeal to some one as an authority, without adducing his exact
words.

QUOTE
Quote, n.

Defn: A note upon an author. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

QUOTER
Quot"er, n.

Defn: One who quotes the words of another.

QUOTH
Quoth, v. t. Etym: [AS.cweedhan, imp cwæedh, pl. cwædon; akin to OS.
queedhan, OHG. quethan, quedan, Icel. kveedha, Goth. qiþan. sq.
root22. Cf. Bequeath.]

Defn: Said; spoke; uttered; -- used only in the first and third
persons in the past tenses, and always followed by its nominative,
the word or words said being the object; as, quoth I. quoth he. "Let
me not live, quoth he." Shak.

QUOTHA
Quoth"a, interj. Etym: [For quoth'a, said he, 'a being corrupted from
he.]

Defn: Indeed; forsooth.
To affront the blessed hillside drabs and thieves With mended morals,
quotha, -- fine new lives ! Mrs. Browning.

QUOTIDIAN
Quo*tid"i*an a. Etym: [OE. cotidian, L. quotidianus, fr. quotidie
daily; quotus how many + dies day: cf. OF. cotidien, F. quotidien.
See Quota, Deity.]

Defn: Occurring or returning daily; as, a quotidian fever.

QUOTIDIAN
Quo*tid"i*an, n.

Defn: Anything returning daily; especially (Med.), an intermittent
fever or ague which returns every day. Milton.

QUOTIENT
Quo"tient, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. quoties how often, how many times,
fr. quot how many. See Quota.]

1. (Arith.)

Defn: The number resulting from the division of one number by
another, and showing how often a less number is contained in a
greater; thus, the quotient of twelve divided by four is three.

2. (Higher Alg.)

Defn: The result of any process inverse to multiplication. See the
Note under Multiplication.

QUOTIETY
Quo*ti"e*ty, n. Etym: [L.quotus of what number, quot how many.]
(Scholastic Philos.)

Defn: The relation of an object to number. Krauth-Fleming.

QUOTUM
Quo"tum n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. quotus of what number. See Quota.]

Defn: Part or proportion; quota. [R.] "A very small quotum." Max
Müller.

QUO WARRANTO
Quo" war*ran"to. Etym: [So called from the Law L. words quo warranto
(by what authority), in the original Latin form of the writ. See
Which, and Warrant.] (Law)

Defn: A writ brought before a proper tribunal, to inquire by what
warrant a person or a corporation acts, or exercises certain powers.
Blackstone.

Note: An information in the nature of a quo warranto is now common as
a substitute for the writ. Wharton.

QURAN
Qu*ran", n.

Defn: See Koran.

R
R (är).

Defn: R, the eighteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal
consonant.  It is sometimes called a semivowel, and a liquid. See
Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 178, 179, and 250-254. "R is the dog's
letter and hurreth in the sound."  B. Jonson.

In words derived from the Greek language the letter h is generally
written after r to represent the aspirated sound of the Greek "r, but
does not affect the pronunciation of the English word, as rhapsody,
rhetoric.

The English letter derives its form from the Greek through the Latin,
the Greek letter being derived from the Phonician, which, it is
believed, is ultimately of Egyptian origin. Etymologically, R is most
closely related to l, s, and n; as in bandore, mandole; purple, L.
purpura; E. chapter, F. chapitre, L. capitulum; E. was, were; hare,
G. hase; E. order, F. ordre, L. ordo, ordinis; E. coffer, coffin.

The three Rs, a jocose expression for reading, (w)riting, and
(a)rithmetic, -- the fundamentals of an education.

RA-
Ra-.

Defn: A prefix, from the Latin re and ad combined, coming to us
through the French and Italian. See Re-, and Ad-.

RA
Ra (rä), n.

Defn: A roe; a deer. [Obs.]  Chaucer.

RAASH
Raash (räsh), n. [Cf. Ar. ra'ash trembling, tremor.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The electric catfish. [Written also raasch.]

RAB
Rab (rab), n.

Defn: A rod or stick used by masons in mixing hair with mortar.

RABAT
Rab"at (rab"at), n. [See Rabot.]

Defn: A polishing material made of potter's clay that has failed in
baking.

RABAT
Ra`bat", n. [F. Cf. Rabato.] (Eccl.)
 (a) A clerical linen collar.
 (b) A kind of clerical scarf fitted to a collar; as, a black silk
rabat.

RABATE
Ra*bate" (ra*bat"), v. t. [F. rabattre to beat down; pref. re- +
abattre. See Abate, and cf. Rebate, v.] (Falconry)

Defn: To recover to the fist, as a hawk. [Obs.]

RABATINE
Rab"a*tine (rab"a*tin), n. [See Rabato.]

Defn: A collar or cape. [Obs.]  Sir W. Scott.

RABATO
Ra*ba"to (ra*ba"to), n. [F. rabat, fr. rabattre. See Rabate.]

Defn: A kind of ruff for the neck; a turned-down collar; a rebato.
[Obs.] Shak.

RABBATE
Rab*bate" (rab*bat"), v. t. [See Rabate.]

Defn: To abate or diminish. [Obs.] --n.

Defn: Abatement. [Obs.]

RABBET
Rab"bet (rab"bet), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rabbeted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rabbeting.] [F. raboter to plane, plane down,rabot a plane; pref. re-
re- + OF. abouter, aboter. See Abut, and cf. Rebut.]

1. To cut a rabbet in; to furnish with a rabbet.

2. To unite the edges of, as boards, etc., in a rabbet joint.

RABBET
Rab"bet, n. [See Rabbet, v., and cf. Rebate, n.]

1. (Carp.) A longitudinal channel, groove, or recess cut out of the
edge or face of any body; especially, one intended to receive another
member, so as to break or cover the joint, or more easily to hold the
members in place; thus, the groove cut for a panel, for a pane of
glass, or for a door, is a rabbet, or rebate.

2. Same as Rabbet joint, below.

Rabbet joint (Carp.), a joint formed by fitting together rabbeted
boards or timbers; -- called also rabbet. -- Rabbet plane, a joiner's
plane for cutting a rabbet. Moxon.

RABBI
Rab"bi (rab"bi or -bi; 277), n.; pl. Rabbis (-biz or -biz) or
Rabbies. [L., fr. Gr. "rabbi`, Heb. rabi my master, from rab master,
lord, teacher, akin to Ar. rabb.]

Defn: Master; lord; teacher; -- a Jewish title of respect or honor
for a teacher or doctor of the law. "The gravest rabbies."  Milton.

Be not ye called Rabbi, for one is your Master, even Christ, and all
ye are brethren.
Matt. xxiii. 8.

RABBIN
Rab"bin (rab"bin), n. [F.]

Defn: Same as Rabbi.

RABBINIC; RABBINICAL
Rab*bin"ic (rab*bin"ik), Rab*bin"ic*al (-i*kal), a. [Cf. F.
rabbinique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the rabbins or rabbis, or pertaining to the
opinions, learning, or language of the rabbins. "Comments staler than
rabbinic." Lowell.

We will not buy your rabbinical fumes.
Milton.

RABBINIC
Rab*bin"ic (rab*bin"ik), n.

Defn: The language or dialect of the rabbins; the later Hebrew.

RABBINICALLY
Rab*bin"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rabbinical manner; after the manner of the rabbins.

RABBINISM
Rab"bin*ism (rab"bin*iz'm), n. [Cf. F. rabbinisme.]

1. A rabbinic expression or phraseology; a peculiarity of the
language of the rabbins.

2. The teachings and traditions of the rabbins.

RABBINIST
Rab"bin*ist, n. [Cf. F. rabbiniste.]

Defn: One among the Jews who adhered to the Talmud and the traditions
of the rabbins, in opposition to the Karaites, who rejected the
traditions.

RABBINITE
Rab"bin*ite (-it), n.

Defn: Same as Rabbinist.

RABBITING
Rab"bit*ing, n.

Defn: The hunting of rabbits.  T. Hughes.

RABBITRY
Rab"bit*ry (-ry), n.

Defn: A place where rabbits are kept; especially, a collection of
hutches for tame rabbits.

RABBLE
Rab"ble (rab"b'l), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Iron Manuf.)

Defn: An iron bar, with the end bent, used in stirring or skimming
molten iron in the process of puddling.

RABBLE
Rab"ble, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a rabble; like, or suited to, a rabble;
disorderly; vulgar. [R.] Dryden.

RABBLE
Rab"ble, n. [Probably named from the noise made by it (see Rabble, v.
i.); cf. D. rapalje rabble, OF. & Prov. F. rapaille.]

1. A tumultuous crowd of vulgar, noisy people; a mob; a confused,
disorderly throng.

I saw, I say, come out of London, even unto the presence of the
prince, a great rabble of mean and light persons.
Ascham.

Jupiter, Mercury, Bacchus, Venus, Mars, and the whole rabble of
licentious deities.
Bp. Warburton.

2. A confused, incoherent discourse; a medley of voices; a chatter.

The rabble, the lowest class of people, without reference to an
assembly; the dregs of the people. "The rabble call him "lord.'"
Shak.

RABBLE
Rab"ble, v. i. [Akin to D. rabbelen, Prov. G. rabbeln, to prattle, to
chatter: cf. L. rabula a brawling advocate, a pettifogger, fr. rabere
to rave.  Cf. Rage.]

Defn: To speak in a confused manner. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

RABBLE
Rab"ble, v. t.

Defn: To stir or skim with a rabble, as molten iron.

RABBLE
Rab"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rabbled (-b'ld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rabbling (-bling).]

1. To insult, or assault, by a mob; to mob; as, to rabble a curate.
Macaulay.

The bishops' carriages were stopped and the prelates themselves
rabbled on their way to the house.
J. R. Green.

2. To utter glibly and incoherently; to mouth without intelligence.
[Obs. or Scot.]  Foxe.

3. To rumple; to crumple. [Scot.]

RABBLEMENT
Rab"ble*ment (rab"b'l*ment), n.

Defn: A tumultuous crowd of low people; a rabble. "Rude rablement."
Spenser.

And still, as he refused it, the rabblement hooted.
Shak.

RABBLER
Rab"bler (-bler), n. [See 2d Rabble.] (Mech.)

Defn: A scraping tool for smoothing metal.

RABBLE-ROUT
Rab"ble-rout` (-b'l-rout`), n.

Defn: A tumultuous crowd; a rabble; a noisy throng.

RABDOIDAL
Rab*doid"al (rab*doid"al), a. [Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + -oid + -al.]
(Anat.)

Defn: See Sagittal. [Written also rhabdoidal.]

RABDOLOGY
Rab*dol"o*gy (-dol"o*jy), n. [Gr. "ra`bdos rod, stick + -logy: cf. F.
rabdologie.]

Defn: The method or art of performing arithmetical operations by
means of Napier's bones. See Napier's bones. [Written also
rhabdology.]

RABDOMANCY
Rab"do*man`cy (rab"do*man`sy), n. [Gr. "ra`bdos rod + -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by means of rods or wands. [Written also
rhabdomancy.]  Sir T. Browne.

RABID
Rab"id (rab"id), a. [L. rabidus, from rabere to rave. See Rage, n.]

1. Furious; raging; extremely violent.

The rabid flight
Of winds that ruin ships.
Chapman.

2. Extreme, unreasonable, or fanatical in opinion; excessively
zealous; as, a rabid socialist.

3. Affected with the distemper called rabies; mad; as, a rabid dog or
fox.

4. (Med.) Of or pertaining to rabies, or hydrophobia; as, rabid
virus.

RABIDITY
Ra*bid"i*ty (ra*bid"i*ty), n.

Defn: Rabidness; furiousness.

RABIDLY
Rab"id*ly (rab"id*ly), adv.

Defn: In a rabid manner; with extreme violence.

RABIDNESS
Rab"id*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being rabid.

RABIES
Ra"bi*es (ra"bi*ez), n. [L. See Rage, n.]

Defn: Same as Hydrophobia (b); canine madness.

RABINET
Rab"i*net (rab"i*net), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Mil.)

Defn: A kind of small ordnance formerly in use. [Written also
rabanet.] Ainsworth.

RABIOUS
Ra"bi*ous (ra"bi*us), a.

Defn: Fierce. [Obs.]  Daniel.

RABOT
Ra"bot (ra"bot), n. [F.]

Defn: A rubber of hard wood used in smoothing marble to be polished.
Knight.

RACA
Ra"ca (ra"ka), a. [Gr. "raka`, from Chaldee reka.]

Defn: A term of reproach used by the Jews of our Savior's time,
meaning "worthless."

Whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the
council.
Matt. v. 22.

RACAHOUT
Ra`ca`hout" (ra`ka`oo"), n. [F. racahout, probably fr. Ar. raqaut.]

Defn: A preparation from acorns used by the Arabs as a substitute for
chocolate, and also as a beverage for invalids.

RACCOON
Rac*coon" (rak*koon"), n. [F. raton, prop., a little rat, fr. rat
rat, perhaps of German origin. See Rat.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A North American nocturnal carnivore (Procyon lotor) allied to
the bears, but much smaller, and having a long, full tail, banded
with black and gray. Its body is gray, varied with black and white.
Called also coon, and mapach.

Raccoon dog (Zoöl.), the tanate. -- Raccoon fox (Zoöl.), the
cacomixle.

RACE
Race, n. Etym: [OF. raïz, L. radix, -icis. See Radix.]

Defn: A root. "A race or two of ginger." Shak. Race ginger, ginger in
the root, or not pulverized.

RACE
Race, n. Etym: [F. race; cf. Pr. & Sp. raza, It. razza; all from OHG.
reiza line, akin to E. write. See Write.]

1. The descendants of a common ancestor; a family, tribe, people, or
nation, believed or presumed to belong to the same stock; a lineage;
a breed.
The whole race of mankind. Shak.
Whence the long race of Alban fathers come. Dryden.

Note: Naturalists and ehnographers divide mankind into several
distinct varieties, or races. Cuvier refers them all to three,
Pritchard enumerates seven, Agassiz eight, Pickering describes
eleven. One of the common classifications is that of Blumenbach, who
makes five races: the Caucasian, or white race, to which belong the
greater part of the European nations and those of Western Asia; the
Mongolian, or yellow race, occupying Tartary, China, Japan, etc.; the
Ethiopian, or negro race, occupying most of Africa (except the
north), Australia, Papua, and other Pacific Islands; the American, or
red race, comprising the Indians of North and South America; and the
Malayan, or brown race, which occupies the islands of the Indian
Archipelago, etc. Many recent writers classify the Malay and American
races as branches of the Mongolian. See Illustration in Appendix.

2. Company; herd; breed.
For do but note a wild and wanton herd, Or race of youthful and
unhandled colts, Fetching mad bounds. Shak
.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A variety of such fixed character that it may be propagated by
seed.

4. Peculiar flavor, taste, or strength, as of wine; that quality, or
assemblage of qualities, which indicates origin or kind, as in wine;
hence, characteristic flavor; smack. "A race of heaven." Shak.
Is it [the wine] of the right race Massinqer.

5. Hence, characteristic quality or disposition. [Obs.]
And now I give my sensual race the rein. Shak.
Some . . . great race of fancy or judgment. Sir W. Temple.

Syn.
 -- Lineage; line; family; house; breed; offspring; progeny; issue.

RACE
Race, n. Etym: [OE. ras, res, rees, AS. ræs a rush, running; akin to
Icel. ras course, race. sq. root118.]

1. A progress; a course; a movement or progression.

2. Esp., swift progress; rapid course; a running.
The flight of many birds is swifter than the race of any beasts.
Bacon.

3. Hence: The act or process of running in competition; a contest of
speed in any way, as in running, riding, driving, skating, rowing,
sailing; in the plural, usually, a meeting for contests in the
running of horses; as, he attended the races.
The race is not to the swift. Eccl. ix. 11.
I wield the gauntlet, and I run the race. Pope.

4. Competitive action of any kind, especially when prolonged; hence,
career; course of life.
My race of glory run, and race of shame. Milton.

5. A strong or rapid current of water, or the channel or passage for
such a current; a powerful current or heavy sea, sometimes produced
by the meeting of two tides; as, the Portland Race; the Race of
Alderney.

6. The current of water that turns a water wheel, or the channel in
which it flows; a mill race.

Note: The part of the channel above the wheel is sometimes called the
headrace, the part below, the tailrace.

7. (Mach.)

Defn: A channel or guide along which a shuttle is driven back and
forth, as in a loom, sewing machine, etc. Race cloth, a cloth worn by
horses in racing, having pockets to hold the weights prescribed.
 -- Race course. (a) The path, generally circular or elliptical, over
which a race is run. (b) Same as Race way, below.
 -- Race cup, a cup given as a prize to the victor in a race.
 -- Race glass, a kind of field glass.
 -- Race horse. (a) A horse that runs in competition; specifically, a
horse bred or kept for running races. (b) A breed of horses
remarkable for swiftness in running. (c) (Zoöl.) The steamer duck.
(d) (Zoöl.) A mantis.
 -- Race knife, a cutting tool with a blade that is hooked at the
point, for marking outlines, on boards or metals, as by a pattern, --
used in shipbuilding.
 -- Race saddle, a light saddle used in racing.
 -- Race track. Same as Race course (a), above.
 -- Race way, the canal for the current that drives a water wheel.

RACE
Race, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Raced; p. pr. & vb. n. Racing.]

1. To run swiftly; to contend in a race; as, the animals raced over
the ground; the ships raced from port to port.

2. (Steam Mach.)

Defn: To run too fast at times, as a marine engine or screw, when the
screw is lifted out of water by the action of a heavy sea.

RACE
Race, v. t.

1. To cause to contend in race; to drive at high speed; as, to race
horses.

2. To run a race with.

RACEABOUT
Race"a*bout`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A small sloop-rigged racing yacht carrying about six hundred
square feet of sail, distinguished from a knockabout by having a
short bowsprit.

RACEMATE
Ra*ce"mate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of racemic acid.

RACEMATION
Rac`e*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. racematio a gleaning, fr. racemari to
glean, racemus a cluster of grapes. See Raceme.]

1. A cluster or bunch, as of grapes. Sir T. Browne.

2. Cultivation or gathering of clusters of grapes. [R.]

RACEME
Ra*ceme", n. Etym: [L. racemus a bunch of berries, a cluster of
grapes. See Raisin.] (Bot.)

Defn: A flower cluster with an elongated axis and many one-flowered
lateral pedicels, as in the currant and chokecherry. Compound raceme,
one having the lower pedicels developed into secondary racemes.

RACEMED
Ra*cemed", a. (Bot.)

Defn: Arranged in a raceme, or in racemes.

RACEMIC
Ra*ce"mic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. racémique. See Raceme.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in many kinds of
grapes. It is also obtained from tartaric acid, with which it is
isomeric, and from sugar, gum, etc., by oxidation. It is a sour white
crystalline substance, consisting of a combination of dextrorotatory
and levorotatory tartaric acids. Gregory.

RACEMIFEROUS
Rac`e*mif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. racemifer bearing clusters; racemus
cluster + ferre to bear: cf. F. racémifère.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing racemes, as the currant.

RACEMIFORM
Ra*cem"i*form, a.

Defn: Having the form of a raceme. Gray.

RACEMOSE
Rac"e*mose`, a. Etym: [L. racemosus full of clusters.]

Defn: Resembling a raceme; growing in the form of a raceme; as,
(Bot.) racemose berries or flowers; (Anat.) the racemose glands, in
which the ducts are branched and clustered like a raceme. Gray.

RACEMOUS
Rac"e*mous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. racémeux.]

Defn: See Racemose.

RACEMULE
Rac"e*mule, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A little raceme.

RACEMULOSE
Ra*cem"u*lose`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing in very small racemes.

RACER
Ra"cer, n.

1. One who, or that which, races, or contends in a race; esp., a race
horse.
And bade the nimblest racer seize the prize. Pope.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common American black snake.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: One of the circular iron or steel rails on which the chassis of
a heavy gun is turned.

RACE SUICIDE
Race suicide.

Defn: The voluntary failure of the members of a race or people to
have a number of children sufficient to keep the birth rate equal to
the death rate.

RACH; RACHE
Rach, Rache, n. Etym: [AS.ræcc; akin to Icel. rakki.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dog that pursued his prey by scent, as distinguished from the
greyhound.[Obs.]

RACHIALGIA
Ra"chi*al"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A painful affection of the spine; especially, Pott's disease;
also, formerly, lead colic.

RACHIDIAN
Ra*chid"i*an, a. Etym: [See Rachis.] (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the rachis; spinal; vertebral. Same as
Rhachidian.

RACHILLA
Ra*chil"la, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Same as Rhachilla.

RACHIODONT
Ra"chi*o*dont, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Rhachiodont.

RACHIS
Ra"chis, n.; pl. E. Rachises, L. Rachides. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
[Written also rhachis.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The spine; the vertebral column.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Rhachis.

RACHITIC
Ra*chit"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rachitique. See Rachitis.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to rachitis; affected by rachitis; rickety.

RACHITIS
Ra*chi"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. [Written also rhachitis.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Literally, inflammation of the spine, but commonly applied to
the rickets. See Rickets.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A disease which produces abortion in the fruit or seeds.
Henslow.

RACHITOME
Ra"chi*tome, n. Etym: [F., fr. Gr.

Defn: A dissecting instrument for opening the spinal canal. [Written
also rachiotome.]

RACIAL
Ra"cial, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a race or family of men; as, the racial
complexion.

RACILY
Ra"ci*ly, adv.

Defn: In a racy manner.

RACINESS
Ra"ci*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being racy; peculiar and piquant flavor.
The general characteristics of his [Cobbett's] style were
perspicuity, unequaled and inimitable; . . . a purity always simple,
and raciness often elegant. London Times.

RACING
Ra"cing,

Defn: a. & n. from Race, v. t. & i. Racing crab (Zoöl.), an
ocypodian.

RACK
Rack, n.

Defn: Same as Arrack.

RACK
Rack, n. Etym: [AS. hracca neck, hinder part of the head; cf. AS.
hraca throat, G. rachen throat, E. retch.]

Defn: The neck and spine of a fore quarter of veal or mutton.

RACK
Rack, n. Etym: [See Wreck.]

Defn: A wreck; destruction. [Obs., except in a few phrases.] Rack and
ruin, destruction; utter ruin. [Colloq.] -- To go to rack, to perish;
to be destroyed. [Colloq.] "All goes to rack." Pepys.

RACK
Rack, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. Icel. rek drift, motion, and akin to reka
to drive, and E. wrack, wreck. .]

Defn: Thin, flying, broken clouds, or any portion of floating vapor
in the sky. Shak.
The winds in the upper region, which move the clouds above, which we
call the rack, . . . pass without noise. Bacon.
And the night rack came rolling up. C. Kingsley.

RACK
Rack, v. i.

Defn: To fly, as vapor or broken clouds.

RACK
Rack, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Racked; p. pr. & vb. n. Racking.] Etym:
[See Rack that which stretches, or Rock, v.]

Defn: To amble fast, causing a rocking or swaying motion of the body;
to pace; -- said of a horse. Fuller.

RACK
Rack, n.

Defn: A fast amble.

RACK
Rack, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. vin raqué squeezed from the dregs of the
grapes.]

Defn: To draw off from the lees or sediment, as wine.
It is in common practice to draw wine or beer from the lees (which we
call racking), whereby it will clarify much the sooner. Bacon.
Rack vintage, wine cleansed and drawn from the lees. Cowell.

RACK
Rack, n. Etym: [Probably fr. D.rek, rekbank, a rack, rekken to
stretch; akin to G. reck, reckbank, a rack, recken to stretch, Dan.
række, Sw. räcka, Icel. rekja to spread out, Goth. refrakjan to
stretch out; cf. L. porrigere, Gr. Right, a., Ratch.]

1. An instrument or frame used for stretching, extending, retaining,
or displaying, something. Specifically:
(a) An engine of torture, consisting of a large frame, upon which the
body was gradually stretched until, sometimes, the joints were
dislocated; -- formerly used judicially for extorting confessions
from criminals or suspected persons.
During the troubles of the fifteenth century, a rack was introduced
into the Tower, and was occasionally used under the plea of political
necessity. Macaulay.

(b) An instrument for bending a bow.
(c) A grate on which bacon is laid.
(d) A frame or device of various construction for holding, and
preventing the waste of, hay, grain, etc., supplied to beasts.
(e) A frame on which articles are deposited for keeping or arranged
for display; as, a clothes rack; a bottle rack, etc.
(f) (Naut.) A piece or frame of wood, having several sheaves, through
which the running rigging passes; -- called also rack block. Also, a
frame to hold shot.
(g) (Mining) A frame or table on which ores are separated or washed.
(h) A frame fitted to a wagon for carrying hay, straw, or grain on
the stalk, or other bulky loads.
(i) A distaff.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A bar with teeth on its face, or edge, to work with those of a
wheel, pinion, or worm, which is to drive it or be driven by it.

3. That which is extorted; exaction. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys. Mangle
rack. (Mach.) See under Mangle. n.
 -- Rack block. (Naut.) See def. 1 (f), above.
 -- Rack lashing, a lashing or binding where the rope is tightened,
and held tight by the use of a small stick of wood twisted around.
 -- Rack rail (Railroads), a toothed rack, laid as a rail, to afford
a hold for teeth on the driving wheel of locomotive for climbing
steep gradients, as in ascending a mountain.
 -- Rack saw, a saw having wide teeth.
 -- Rack stick, the stick used in a rack lashing.
 -- To be on the rack, to suffer torture, physical or mental.
 -- To live at rack and manger, to live on the best at another's
expense. [Colloq.] -- To put to the rack, to subject to torture; to
torment.
A fit of the stone puts a kingto the rack, and makes him as miserable
as it does the meanest subject. Sir W. Temple.

RACK
Rack, v. t.

1. To extend by the application of force; to stretch or strain;
specifically, to stretch on the rack or wheel; to torture by an
engine which strains the limbs and pulls the joints.
He was racked and miserably tormented. Pope.

2. To torment; to torture; to affect with extreme pain or anguish.
Vaunting aloud but racked with deep despair. Milton.

3. To stretch or strain, in a figurative sense; hence, to harass, or
oppress by extortion.
The landlords there shamefully rack their tenants. Spenser.
They [landlords] rack a Scripture simile beyond the true intent
thereof. Fuller.
Try what my credit can in Venice do; That shall be racked even to the
uttermost. Shak.

4. (Mining)

Defn: To wash on a rack, as metals or ore.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: To bind together, as two ropes, with cross turns of yarn,
marline, etc. To rack one's brains or wits, to exert them to the
utmost for the purpose of accomplishing something.

Syn.
 -- To torture; torment; rend; tear.

RACKABONES
Rack"a*bones`, n.

Defn: A very lean animal, esp. a horse. [Colloq. U. S.]

RACKAROCK
Rack"a*rock`, n.  [Rack to stretch, strain + a + rock.]

Defn: A Sprengel explosive consisting of potassium chlorate and mono-
nitrobenzene.

RACKER
Rack"er, n.

1. One who racks.

2. A horse that has a racking gait.

RACKET
Rack"et, n. Etym: [F. raquette; cf. Sp. raquets, It. racchetta, which
is perhaps for retichetta, and fr. L. rete a net (cf. Reticule); or
perh. from the Arabic; cf. Ar. raha the palm of the hand (used at
first to strike the ball), and OF. rachette, rasquette, carpus,
tarsus.] [Written also racquet.]

1. A thin strip of wood, having the ends brought together, forming a
somewhat elliptical hoop, across which a network of catgut or cord is
stretched. It is furnished with a handle, and is used for catching or
striking a ball in tennis and similar games.
Each one [of the Indians] has a bat curved like a crosier, and ending
in a racket. Bancroft.

2. A variety of the game of tennis played with peculiar long-handled
rackets; -- chiefly in the plural. Chaucer.

3. A snowshoe formed of cords stretched across a long and narrow
frame of light wood. [Canada]

4. A broad wooden shoe or patten for a man horse, to enable him to
step on marshy or soft ground. Racket court, a court for playing the
game of rackets.

RACKET
Rack"et, v. t.

Defn: To strike with, or as with, a racket.
Poor man [is] racketed from one temptation to another. Hewyt.

RACKET
Rack"et, n. Etym: [Gael. racaid a noise, disturbance.]

1. confused, clattering noise; din; noisy talk or sport.

2. A carouse; any reckless dissipation. [Slang]

RACKET
Rack"et, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Racketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Racketing.]

1. To make a confused noise or racket.

2. To engage in noisy sport; to frolic. Sterne.

3. To carouse or engage in dissipation. [Slang]

RACKETER
Rack"et*er, n.

Defn: One who makes, or engages in, a racket.

RACKETT
Rack"ett, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Mus.)

Defn: An old wind instrument of the double bassoon kind, having
ventages but not keys.

RACKET-TAIL
Rack"et-tail n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of humming birds of the genus
Steganura, having two of the tail feathers very long and racket-
shaped.

RACKET-TAILED
Rack"et-tailed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having long and spatulate, or racket-shaped, tail feathers.

RACKETY
Rack"et*y, a.

Defn: Making a tumultuous noise.

RACKING
Rack"ing, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Spun yarn used in racking ropes.

RACK-RENT
Rack"-rent`, n.

Defn: A rent of the full annual value of the tenement, or near it; an
excessive or unreasonably high rent. Blackstone.

RACK-RENT
Rack"-rent`, v. t.

Defn: To subject to rack-rent, as a farm or tenant.

RACK-RENTER
Rack"-rent`er, n.

1. One who is subjected to playing rack-rent.

2. One who exacts rack-rent.

RACKTAIL
Rack"tail`, n. (Horol.)

Defn: An arm attached to a swinging notched arc or rack, to let off
the striking mechanism of a repeating clock.

RACKWORK
Rack"work`, n.

Defn: Any mechanism having a rack, as a rack and pinion.

RACLE
Ra"cle, a.

Defn: See Rakel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RACLENESS
Ra"cle*ness, n.

Defn: See Rakelness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RACONTEUR
Ra`con`teur", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A relater; a storyteller.

RACOONDA
Ra*coon"da, n. Etym: [From a native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The coypu.

RACOVIAN
Ra*co"vi*an, n. Etym: [From Racow.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of Socinians or Unitarians in Poland.

RACQUET
Rac"quet, n.

Defn: See Racket.

RACY
Ra"cy, a. [Compar. Racier; superl. Raciest.] Etym: [From Race a
tribe, family.]

1. Having a strong flavor indicating origin; of distinct
characteristic taste; tasting of the soil; hence, fresh; rich.
The racy wine, Late from the mellowing cask restored to light. Pope.

2. Hence: Exciting to the mental taste by a strong or distinctive
character of thought or language; peculiar and piquant; fresh and
lively.
Our raciest, most idiomatic popular word. M. Arnold.
Burn's English, though not so racy as his Scotch, is generally
correct. H. Coleridge.
The rich and racy humor of a natural converser fresh from the plow.
Prof. Wilson.

Syn.
 -- Spicy; spirited; lively; smart; piquant.
 -- Racy, Spicy. Racy refers primarily to that peculiar flavor which
certain wines are supposed to derive from the soil in which the
grapes were grown; and hence we call a style or production racy when
it "smacks of the soil," or has an uncommon degree of natural
freshness and distinctiveness of thought and language. Spicy, when
applied, has reference to a spirit and pungency added by art,
seasoning the matter like a condiment. It does not, like racy,
suggest native peculiarity. A spicy article in a magazine; a spicy
retort. Racy in conversation; a racy remark.
Rich, racy verses, in which we The soil from which they come, taste,
smell, and see. Cowley.

RAD
Rad, obs.

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Read, Rede. Spenser.

RADDE
Rad"de, obs.

Defn: imp. of Read, Rede. Chaucer.

RADDLE
Rad"dle, n. Etym: [Cf. G. räder, rädel, sieve, or perhaps E. reed.]

1. A long, flexible stick, rod, or branch, which is interwoven with
others, between upright posts or stakes, in making a kind of hedge or
fence.

2. A hedge or fence made with raddles; -- called also raddle hedge.
Todd.

3. An instrument consisting of a woodmen bar, with a row of upright
pegs set in it, used by domestic weavers to keep the warp of a proper
width, and prevent tangling when it is wound upon the beam of the
loom.

RADDLE
Rad"dle, v. t.

Defn: To interweave or twist together.
Raddling or working it up like basket work. De Foe.

RADDLE
Rad"dle, n. Etym: [Cf. Ruddle.]

Defn: A red pigment used in marking sheep, and in some mechanical
processes; ruddle. "A ruddle of rouge." Thackeray.

RADDLE
Rad"dle, v. t.

Defn: To mark or paint with, or as with, raddle. "Whitened and
raddled old women." Thackeray.

RADDOCK
Rad"dock, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ruddock. [Prov. Eng.]

RADE
Rade, n.

Defn: A raid. [Scot.]

RADEAU
Ra`deau", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A float; a raft.
Three vessels under sail, and one at anchor, above Split Rock, and
behind it the radeau Thunderer. W. Irving.

RADIAL
Ra"di*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. radial. See Radius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a radius or ray; consisting of, or like,
radii or rays; radiated; as, (Bot.) radial projections; (Zoöl.)
radial vessels or canals; (Anat.) the radial artery. Radial symmetry.
(Biol.) See under Symmetry.

RADIALE
Ra`di*a"le, n.; pl. Radialia. Etym: [NL. See Radial.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The bone or cartilage of the carpus which articulates with the
radius and corresponds to the scaphoid bone in man.

2. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Radial plates in the calyx of a crinoid.

RADIAL ENGINE
Radial engine. (Mach.)

Defn: An engine, usually an internal-combustion engine of a certain
type (the radial type) having several cylinders arranged radially
like the spokes of a complete wheel. The semiradial engine has
radiating cylinders on only one side of the crank shaft.

RADIALLY
Ra"di*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a radial manner.

RADIAN
Ra"di*an, n. Etym: [From Radius.] (Math.)

Defn: An arc of a circle which is equal to the radius, or the angle
measured by such an arc.

RADIANCE; RADIANCY
Ra"di*ance, Ra"di*an*cy, n.

Defn: The quality of being radiant; brilliancy; effulgence; vivid
brightness; as, the radiance of the sun.
Girt with omnipotence, with radiance crowned. Milton.
What radiancy of glory, What light beyond compare ! Neale.

Syn.
 -- Luster; brilliancy; splendor; glare; glitter.

RADIANT
Ra"di*ant, a. Etym: [L. radians, -antis, p. pr. of radiare to emit
rays or beams, fr. radius ray: cf. F. radiant. See Radius, Ray a
divergent line.]

1. Emitting or proceeding as from a center; [U.S.] rays; radiating;
radiate.

2. Especially, emitting or darting rays of light or heat; issuing in
beams or rays; beaming with brightness; emitting a vivid light or
splendor; as, the radiant sun.
Mark what radiant state she spreads. Milton.

3. Beaming with vivacity and happiness; as, a radiant face.

4. (Her.)

Defn: Giving off rays; -- said of a bearing; as, the sun radiant; a
crown radiant.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a raylike appearance, as the large marginal flowers of
certain umbelliferous plants; -- said also of the cluster which has
such marginal flowers. Radiant energy (Physics), energy given out or
transmitted by radiation, as in the case of light and radiant heat.
 -- Radiant heat, proceeding in right lines, or directly from the
heated body, after the manner of light, in distinction from heat
conducted or carried by intervening media.
 -- Radiant point. (Astron.) See Radiant, n., 3.

RADIANT
Ra"di*ant, n.

1. (Opt.)

Defn: The luminous point or object from which light emanates; also, a
body radiating light brightly.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A straight line proceeding from a given point, or fixed pole,
about which it is conceived to revolve.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: The point in the heavens at which the apparent paths of
shooting stars meet, when traced backward, or whence they appear to
radiate.

RADIANT ENGINE
Radiant engine. (Mach.)

Defn: A semiradial engine. See Radial engine, above.

RADIANTLY
Ra"di*ant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a radiant manner; with glittering splendor.

RADIARY
Ra"di*a*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. radiaire.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A radiate. [Obs.]

RADIATA
Ra`di*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. radiatus, p. p. See Radiate.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive artificial group of invertebrates, having all the
parts arranged radially around the vertical axis of the body, and the
various organs repeated symmetrically in each ray or spheromere.

Note: It includes the coelenterates and the echinoderms. Formerly,
the group was supposed to be a natural one, and was considered one of
the grand divisions of the animal kingdom.

RADIATE
Ra"di*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Radiated; p. pr. & vb. n. Radiating.]
Etym: [L. radiatus, p. p. of radiare to furnish with spokes or rays,
to radiate, fr. radius. See Radius, Ray a divergent line.]

1. To emit rays; to be radiant; to shine.
Virtues shine more clear In them [kings], and radiant like the sun at
noon. Howell.

2. To proceed in direct lines from a point or surface; to issue in
rays, as light or heat.
Light radiates from luminous bodies directly to our eyes. Locke.

RADIATE
Ra"di*ate, v. t.

1. To emit or send out in direct lines from a point or points; as, to
radiate heat.

2. To enlighten; to illuminate; to shed light or brightness on; to
irradiate. [R.]

RADIATE
Ra"di*ate, a. Etym: [L. radiatus, p. p.]

1. Having rays or parts diverging from a center; radiated; as, a
radiate crystal.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having in a capitulum large ray florets which are unlike the
disk florets, as in the aster, daisy, etc.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Radiata.

RADIATE
Ra"di*ate, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Radiata.

RADIATED
Ra"di*a`ted, a.

1. Emitted, or sent forth, in rays or direct lines; as, radiated
heat.

2. Formed of, or arranged like, rays or radii; having parts or
markings diverging, like radii, from a common center or axis; as, a
radiated structure; a radiated group of crystals.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Radiata.

RADIATELY
Ra"di*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a radiate manner; with radiation or divergence from a
center.

RADIATE-VEINED
Ra"di*ate-veined`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the principal veins radiating, or diverging, from the
apex of the petiole; -- said of such leaves as those of the
grapevine, most maples, and the castor-oil plant.

RADIATIFORM
Ra`di*at"i*form, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the marginal florets enlarged and radiating but not
ligulate, as in the capitula or heads of the cornflower, Gray.

RADIATION
Ra`di*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. radiatio: cf. F. radiation.]

1. The act of radiating, or the state of being radiated; emission and
diffusion of rays of light; beamy brightness.

2. The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like the
diverging rays of light; as, the radiation of heat.

RADIATIVE
Ra"di*a*tive, a.

Defn: Capable of radiating; acting by radiation. Tyndall.

RADIATOR
Ra"di*a`tor, n.

Defn: That which radiates or emits rays, whether of light or heat;
especially, that part of a heating apparatus from which the heat is
radiated or diffused; as, a stream radiator.

RADICAL
Rad"i*cal, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. radicalis having roots, fr. radix, -
icis, a root. See Radix.]

1. Of or pertaining to the root; proceeding directly from the root.

2. Hence: Of or pertaining to the root or origin; reaching to the
center, to the foundation to the ultimate sources to the principles,
or the like: original; fundamental; thorough-going; unsparing;
extreme; as, radical evils; radical reform; a radical party.
The most determined exertions of that authority, against them, only
showed their radical independence. Burke.

3. (Bot.)
(a) Belonging to, or proceeding from, the root of a plant; as,
radical tubers or hairs.
(b) Proceeding from a rootlike stem, or one which does not rise above
the ground; as, the radical leaves of the dandelion and the
sidesaddle flower.

4. (Philol.)

Defn: Relating, or belonging, to the root, or ultimate source of
derivation; as, a radical verbal form.

5. (Math.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a radix or root; as, a radical quantity; a
radical sign. See below. Radical axis of two circles. (Geom.) See
under Axis.
 -- Radical pitch, the pitch or tone with which the utterance of a
syllable begins. Rush.
 -- Radical quantity (Alg.), a quantity to which the radical sign is
prefixed; specifically, a quantity which is not a perfect power of
the degree indicated by the radical sign; a surd.
 -- Radical sign (Math.), the sign sq. root (originally the letter r,
the initial of radix, root), placed before any quantity, denoting
that its root is to be extracted; thus, sq. roota, or sq. root(a +
b). To indicate any other than the square root, a corresponding
figure is placed over the sign; thus cube roota, indicates the third
or cube root of a.
 -- Radical stress (Elocution), force of utterance falling on the
initial part of a syllable or sound.
 -- Radical vessels (Anat.), minute vessels which originate in the
substance of the tissues.

Syn.
 -- Primitive; original; natural; underived; fundamental; entire.
 -- Radical, Entire. These words are frequently employed as
interchangeable in describing some marked alternation in the
condition of things. There is, however, an obvious difference between
them. A radical cure, reform, etc., is one which goes to the root of
the thing in question; and it is entire, in the sense that, by
affecting the root, it affects in a appropriate degree the entire
body nourished by the root; but it may not be entire in the sense of
making a change complete in its nature, as well as in its extent.
Hence, we speak of a radical change; a radical improvement; radical
differences of opinion; while an entire change, an entire
improvement, an entire difference of opinion, might indicate more
than was actually intended. A certain change may be both radical and
entire, in every sense.

RADICAL
Rad"i*cal, n.

1. (Philol.)
(a) A primitive word; a radix, root, or simple, underived,
uncompounded word; an etymon.
(b) A primitive letter; a letter that belongs to the radix.
The words we at present make use of, and understand only by common
agreement, assume a new air and life in the understanding, when you
trace them to their radicals, where you find every word strongly
stamped with nature; full of energy, meaning, character, painting,
and poetry. Cleland.

2. (Politics)

Defn: One who advocates radical changes in government or social
institutions, especially such changes as are intended to level class
inequalities; -- opposed to conservative.
In politics they [the Independents] were, to use phrase of their own
time. "Root-and-Branch men," or, to use the kindred phrase of our
own, Radicals. Macaulay.

3. (Chem.)
(a) A characteristic, essential, and fundamental constituent of any
compound; hence, sometimes, an atom.
As a general rule, the metallic atoms are basic radicals, while the
nonmetallic atoms are acid radicals. J. P. Cooke.
(b) Specifically, a group of two or more atoms, not completely
saturated, which are so linked that their union implies certain
properties, and are conveniently regarded as playing the part of a
single atom; a residue; -- called also a compound radical. Cf.
Residue.

4. (Alg.)

Defn: A radical quantity. See under Radical, a.
An indicated root of a perfect power of the degree indicated is not a
radical but a rational quantity under a radical form. Davies & Peck
(Math. Dict. )

5. (Anat.)

Defn: A radical vessel. See under Radical, a.

RADICALISM
Rad"i*cal*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. radicalisme.]

Defn: The quality or state of being radical; specifically, the
doctrines or principles of radicals in politics or social reform.
Radicalism means root work; the uprooting of all falsehoods and
abuses. F. W. Robertson.

RADICALITY
Rad`i*cal"i*ty, n.

1. Germinal principle; source; origination. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. Radicalness; relation to root in essential to a root in essential
nature or principle.

RADICALLY
Rad"i*cal*ly, adv.

1. In a radical manner; at, or from, the origin or root;
fundamentally; as, a scheme or system radically wrong or defective.

2. Without derivation; primitively; essentially. [R.]
These great orbs thus radically bright. Prior.

RADICALNESS
Rad"i*cal*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being radical.

RADICANT
Rad"i*cant, a. Etym: [L. radicans, p. pr.: cf. F. radicant. See
Radicate, a.] (Bot.)

Defn: Taking root on, or above, the ground; rooting from the stem, as
the trumpet creeper and the ivy.

RADICATE
Rad"i*cate, a. Etym: [L. radicatus, p. p. of radicari to take root,
fr. radix. See Radix.]

Defn: Radicated.

RADICATE
Rad"i*cate, v. i.

Defn: To take root; to become rooted. Evelyn.

RADICATE
Rad"i*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Radicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Radicating.]

Defn: To cause to take root; to plant deeply and firmly; to root.
Time should . . . rather confirm and radicate in us the remembrance
of God's goodness. Barrow.

RADICATED
Rad"i*ca`ted, a.

Defn: Rooted; specifically:
(a) (Bot.) Having roots, or possessing a well-developed root.
(b) (Zoöl.) Having rootlike organs for attachment.

RADICATION
Rad`i*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. radication.]

1. The process of taking root, or state of being rooted; as, the
radication of habits.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The disposition of the roots of a plant.

RADICEL
Rad"i*cel, n. Etym: [Dim. of radix.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small branch of a root; a rootlet.

RADICIFLOROUS
Ra*dic`i*flo"rous, a. Etym: [L. radix, -icis, root + flos, floris, a
flower.] (Bot.)

Defn: Rhizanthous.

RADICIFORM
Ra*dic"i*form, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the nature or appearance of a radix or root.

RADICLE
Rad"i*cle, n. Etym: [L. radicula, dim. of radix, -icis, root: cf. F.
radicule. See Radix.] (Bot.)
(a) The rudimentary stem of a plant which supports the cotyledons in
the seed, and from which the root is developed downward; the stem of
the embryo; the caulicle.
(b) A rootlet; a radicel.

RADICULAR
Ra*dic"u*lar, a.

Defn: Of or performance to roots, or the root of a plant.

RADICULE
Rad"i*cule, n.

Defn: A radicle.

RADICULOSE
Ra*dic"u*lose`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Producing numerous radicles, or rootlets.

RADII
Ra"di*i, n.,

Defn: pl. of Radius.

RADIO-
Ra"di*o-.

Defn: A combining form indicating connection with, or relation to, a
radius or ray; specifically (Anat.), with the radius of the forearm;
as, radio-ulnar, radiomuscular, radiocarpal.

RADIO-ACTIVE
Ra`di*o-ac"tive, a.  [Radio-+ active.] (Physics)

Defn: Capable of luminescence under the action of cathode rays, X
rays, or any of the allied forms of radiation. -- Ra`di*o-
ac*tiv"i*ty, n.

RADIOCONDUCTOR
Ra`di*o*con*duc"tor, n. (Elec.)

Defn: A substance or device that has its conductivity altered in some
way by electric waves, as a coherer.

RADIO-FLAGELLATA
Ra`di*o-flag`el*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Radiate, and
Flagellata.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Protozoa having both flagella and pseudopodia.

RADIOGRAPH
Ra"di*o*graph, n. Etym: [Radio- + -graph.] (Phys.)

Defn: A picture produced by the Röntgen rays upon a sensitive
surface, photographic or fluorescent, especially a picture of opaque
objects traversed by the rays.

RADIOGRAPHY
Ra`di*og"ra*phy, n.

Defn: Art or process of making radiographs. -- Ra`di*o*graph"ic (#),
*graph"ic*al (#), a. --Ra`di*o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

RADIOLARIA
Ra`di*o*la"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Radioli.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Order of rhizopods, usually having a siliceous skeleton, or
shell, and sometimes radiating spicules. The pseudopodia project from
the body like rays. It includes the polycystines. See Polycystina.

RADIOLARIAN
Ra`di*o*la"ri*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Radiolaria.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Radiolaria.

RADIOLI
Ra*di"o*li, n. pl.; sing. Radiolus (. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. radius
radius: cf. L. radiolus a feeble sunbeam.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The barbs of the radii of a feather; barbules.

RADIOLITE
Ra"di*o*lite, n. Etym: [L. radius ray + -lite: cf. F. radiolithe.]
(Paleon.)

Defn: A hippurite.

RADIOMETER
Ra`di*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. radius radius + -meter: cf. F.
radiomètre.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A forestaff.

2. (Physics)

Defn: An instrument designed for measuring the mechanical effect of
radiant energy.

Note: It consists of a number of light discs, blackened on one side,
placed at the ends of extended arms, supported on an a pivot in an
exhausted glass vessel. When exposed to rays of light or heat, the
arms rotate.

RADIOMETRY
Ra`di*om"e*try, n. (Physics)

Defn: The use of the radiometer, or the measurement of radiation. --
Ra`di*o*met"ric (#), a.

RADIOMICROMETER
Ra`di*o*mi*crom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Radio- + micrometer.] (Physics)

Defn: A very sensitive modification or application of the thermopile,
used for indicating minute changes of radiant heat, or temperature.

RADIOPHARE
Ra"di*o*phare, n.  [Radio- + phare.]

Defn: A radiotelegraphic station serving solely for determining the
position of ships. The radius of operation of such stations was
restricted by the International Radiotelegraphic Convention (1912) to
30 nautical miles.

RADIOPHONE
Ra"di*o*phone, Etym: [Radio- + Gr. (Physics)

Defn: An apparatus for the production of sound by the action of
luminous or thermal rays. It is essentially the same as the
photophone.

RADIOPHONY
Ra`di*oph"o*ny, n. (Physics)

Defn: The art or practice of using the radiophone.

RADIOPTICON
Ra`di*op"ti*con, n.  [Radio-+ stereopticon.]

Defn: See Projector, above.

RADIOSCOPY
Ra`di*os"co*py, n.  [Radio- + -scopy.]

Defn: Direct observation of objects opaque to light by means of some
other form of radiant energy, as the Röntgen rays. -- Ra`di*o*scop"ic
(#), *scop"ic*al (#), a.

RADIOTELEGRAM
Ra`di*o*tel"e*gram, n.

Defn: A message transmitted by radiotelegraph.

RADIOTELEGRAPH
Ra`di*o*tel"e*graph, n.  [Radio-+ telegraph.]

Defn: A wireless telegraph.

RADIOTELEGRAPHIC
Ra`di*o*tel`e*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to radiotelegraphy; employing, or used or
employed in, radiotelegraphy.

RADIOTELEGRAPHY
Ra`di*o*te*leg"ra*phy, n. [Radio- + telegraphy.]

Defn: Telegraphy using the radiant energy of electrical (Hertzian)
waves; wireless telegraphy; -- the term adopted for use by the
Radiotelegraphic Convention of 1912.

RADIOTELEPHONE
Ra`di*o*tel"e*phone, n.

Defn: A wireless telephone. -- Ra`di*o*te*leph"o*ny (#), n.

RADIOTHERAPY
Ra`di*o*ther"a*py, n.  [Radio-+ therapy.] (Med.)

Defn: Treatment of disease by means of Röntgen rays or other forms of
radioactivity.

RADIOTHORIUM
Ra`di*o*tho"ri*um, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A radioactive substance apparently formed as a product from
thorium.

RADIOUS
Ra"di*ous, a. Etym: [L. radiosus.]

1. Consisting of rays, and light. [R.] Berkeley.

2. Radiating; radiant. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

RADISH
Rad"ish, n. Etym: [F. radis; cf. It. radice, Pr. raditz: all fr. L.
radix, -icis, a root, an edible root, especially a radish, akin to E.
wort. See Wort, and cf. Eradicate, Race a root, Radix.] (Bot.)

Defn: The pungent fleshy root of a well-known cruciferous plant
(Paphanus sativus); also, the whole plant. Radish fly (Zoöl.), a
small two-winged fly (Anthomyia raphani) whose larvæ burrow in
radishes. It resembles the onion fly.
 -- Rat-tailed radish (Bot.), an herb (Raphanus caudatus) having a
long, slender pod, which is sometimes eaten.
 -- Wild radish (Bot.), the jointed charlock.

RADIUM
Ra`di*um, n. [NL., fr. L. radius ray.] (Chem.)

Defn: An intensely radioactive metallic element found (combined) in
minute quantities in pitchblende, and various other uranium minerals.
Symbol, Ra; atomic weight, 226.4. Radium was discovered by M. and
Mme. Curie, of Paris, who in 1902 separated compounds of it by a
tedious process from pitchblende. Its compounds color flames carmine
and give a characteristic spectrum. It resembles barium chemically.
Radium preparations are remarkable for maintaining themselves at a
higher temperature than their surroundings, and for their radiations,
which are of three kinds: alpha rays, beta rays, and gamma rays (see
these terms). By reason of these rays they ionize gases, affect
photographic plates, cause sores on the skin, and produce many other
striking effects. Their degree of activity depends on the proportion
of radium present, but not on its state of chemical combination or on
external conditions.The radioactivity of radium is therefore an
atomic property, and is explained as result from a disintegration of
the atom. This breaking up occurs in at least seven stages; the
successive main products have been studied and are called radium
emanation or exradio, radium A, radium B, radium C, etc. (The
emanation is a heavy gas, the later products are solids.) These
products are regarded as unstable elements, each with an atomic
weight a little lower than its predecessor. It is possible that lead
is the stable end product. At the same time the light gas helium is
formed; it probably consists of the expelled alpha particles. The
heat effect mentioned above is ascribed to the impacts of these
particles. Radium, in turn, is believed to be formed indirectly by an
immeasurably slow disintegration of uranium.

RADIUS
Ra"di*us, n.; pl. L. Radii; E. Radiuses. Etym: [L., a staff, rod,
spoke of a wheel, radius, ray. See Ray a divergent line.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A right line drawn or extending from the center of a circle to
the periphery; the semidiameter of a circle or sphere.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The preaxial bone of the forearm, or brachium, corresponding to
the tibia of the hind limb. See Illust. of Artiodactyla.

Note: The radius is on the same side of the limb as the thumb, or
pollex, and in man it so articulated that its lower end is capable of
partial rotation about the ulna.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A ray, or outer floret, of the capitulum of such plants as the
sunflower and the daisy. See Ray, 2.

4. pl. (Zoöl.)
(a) The barbs of a perfect.
(b) Radiating organs, or color-markings, of the radiates.

5. The movable limb of a sextant or other angular instrument. Knight.
Radius bar (Math.), a bar pivoted at one end, about which it swings,
and having its other end attached to a piece which it causes to move
in a circular arc.
 -- Radius of curvature. See under Curvature.

RADIUS VECTOR
Ra"di*us vec"tor.

1. (Math.)

Defn: A straight line (or the length of such line) connecting any
point, as of a curve, with a fixed point, or pole, round which the
straight line turns, and to which it serves to refer the successive
points of a curve, in a system of polar coördinates. See Coördinate,
n.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: An ideal straight line joining the center of an attracting body
with that of a body describing an orbit around it, as a line joining
the sun and a planet or comet, or a planet and its satellite.

RADIX
Ra"dix, n.; pl. Radices, E. Radixes. Etym: [L. radix, -icis, root.
See Radish.]

1. (Philol.)

Defn: A primitive, from which spring other words; a radical; a root;
an etymon.

2. (Math.)
(a) A number or quantity which is arbitrarily made the fundamental
number of any system; a base. Thus, 10 is the radix, or base, of the
common system of logarithms, and also of the decimal system of
numeration.
(b) (Alg.) A finite expression, from which a series is derived. [R.]
Hutton.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The root of a plant.

RADULA
Rad"u*la, n.; pl. Radulæ. Etym: [L., a scraper, fr. radere to
scrape.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chitinous ribbon bearing the teeth of mollusks; -- called
also lingual ribbon, and tongue. See Odontophore.

RADULIFORM
Ra*du"li*form, a. Etym: [L. radula a scraper + -form.]

Defn: Rasplike; as, raduliform teeth.

RAFF
Raff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Raffing.] Etym:
[OF. raffer, of German origin; cf. G. raffen; akin to E. rap to
snatch. See Rap, and cf. Riffraff, Rip to tear.]

Defn: To sweep, snatch, draw, or huddle together; to take by a
promiscuous sweep. [Obs.]
Causes and effects which I thus raff up together. Carew.

RAFF
Raff, n.

1. A promiscuous heap; a jumble; a large quantity; lumber; refuse. "A
raff of errors." Barrow.

2. The sweepings of society; the rabble; the mob; -- chiefly used in
the compound or duplicate, riffraff.

3. A low fellow; a churl. Raff merchant, a dealer in lumber and odd
refuse. [Prov. Eng.]

RAFFAELESQUE
Raf`fa*el*esque", a.

Defn: Raphaelesque.

RAFFIA
Raf"fi*a, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A fibrous material used for tying plants, said to come from the
leaves of a palm tree of the genus Raphia. J. Smith (Dict. Econ.
Plants).

RAFFIA PALM
Raf"fi*a palm.
 (a) A pinnate-leaved palm (Raphia ruffia) native of Madagascar, and
of considerable economic importance on account of the strong fiber
(raffia) obtained from its leafstalks.
 (b) The jupati palm.

RAFFINOSE
Raf"fi*nose`, n. Etym: [F. raffiner to refine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless crystalline slightly sweet substance obtained from
the molasses of the sugar beet.

RAFFISH
Raff"ish, a.

Defn: Resembling, or having the character of, raff, or a raff;
worthless; low.
A sad, raffish, disreputable character. Thackeray.

RAFFLE
Raf"fle, n. Etym: [F. rafle; faire rafle to sweep stakes, fr. rafter
to carry or sweep away, rafler tout to sweep stakes; of German
origin; cf. G. raffeln to snatch up, to rake. See Raff, v.]

1. A kind of lottery, in which several persons pay, in shares, the
value of something put up as a stake, and then determine by chance
(as by casting dice) which one of them shall become the sole
possessor.

2. A game of dice in which he who threw three alike won all the
stakes. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

RAFFLE
Raf"fle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Raffled; p. pr. & vb. n. Raffling.]

Defn: To engage in a raffle; as, to raffle for a watch.

RAFFLE
Raf"fle, v. t.

Defn: To dispose of by means of a raffle; -- often followed by off;
as, to raffle off a horse.

RAFFLER
Raf"fler, n.

Defn: One who raffles.

RAFFLESIA
Raf*fle"si*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named from its discoverer, Sir S.
Raffle.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of stemless, leafless plants, living parasitically upon
the roots and stems of grapevines in Malaysia. The flowers have a
carrionlike odor, and are very large, in one species (Rafflesia
Arnoldi) having a diameter of two or three feet.

RAFT
Raft, obs.

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Reave. Spenser.

RAFT
Raft, n. Etym: [Originally, a rafter, spar, and fr. Icel. raptr a
rafter; akin to Dan. raft, Prov. G. raff a rafter, spar; cf. OHG.
rafo, ravo, a beam, rafter, Icel. raf roof. Cf. Rafter, n.]

1. A collection of logs, boards, pieces of timber, or the like,
fastened, together, either for their own collective conveyance on the
water, or to serve as a support in conveying other things; a float.

2. A collection of logs, fallen trees, etc. (such as is formed in
some Western rivers of the United States), which obstructs
navigation. [U.S.]

3. Etym: [Perhaps akin to raff a heap.]

Defn: A large collection of people or things taken indiscriminately.
[Slang, U. S.] "A whole raft of folks." W. D. Howells. Raft bridge.
(a) A bridge whose points of support are rafts. (b) A bridge that
consists of floating timbers fastened together.
 -- Raft duck. Etym: [The name alludes to its swimming in dense
flocks.] (Zoöl.) (a) The bluebill, or greater scaup duck; -- called
also flock duck. See Scaup. (b) The redhead.
 -- Raft port (Naut.), a large, square port in a vessel's side for
loading or unloading timber or other bulky articles; a timber or
lumber port.

RAFT
Raft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rafted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rafting.]

Defn: To transport on a raft, or in the form of a raft; to make into
a raft; as, to raft timber.

RAFTE
Raf"te, obs.

Defn: imp. of Reave. Chaucer.

RAFTER
Raft"er, n.

Defn: A raftsman.

RAFTER
Raft"er, n. Etym: [AS. ræfter; akin to E. raft, n. See Raft.] (Arch.)

Defn: Originally, any rough and somewhat heavy piece of timber. Now,
commonly, one of the timbers of a roof which are put on sloping,
according to the inclination of the roof. See Illust. of Queen-post.
[Courtesy] oft is sooner found in lowly sheds, With smoky rafters,
than in tapestry halls. Milton.

RAFTER
Raft"er, v. t.

1. To make into rafters, as timber.

2. To furnish with rafters, as a house.

3. (Agric.)

Defn: To plow so as to turn the grass side of each furrow upon an
unplowed ridge; to ridge. [Eng.]

RAFTING
Raft"ing, n.

Defn: The business of making or managing rafts.

RAFTSMAN
Rafts"man, n.; pl. Raftsmen (.

Defn: A man engaged in rafting.

RAFTY
Raf"ty, a. Etym: [Perhaps akin to G. reif hoarfrost.]

Defn: Damp; musty. [Prov. Eng.]

RAG
Rag, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Icel. rægja to calumniate, OHG, ruogen to
accuse, G. rügen to censure, AS. wregan, Goth. wrohjan to accuse.]

Defn: To scold or rail at; to rate; to tease; to torment; to banter.
[Prov. Eng.] Pegge.

RAG
Rag, n. Etym: [OE. ragge, probably of Scand, origin; cf. Icel. rögg
rough hair. Cf. Rug, n.]

1. A piece of cloth torn off; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred; a
tatter; a fragment.
Cowls, hoods, and habits, with their wearers, tossed, And fluttered
into rags. Milton.
Not having otherwise any rag of legality to cover the shame of their
cruelty. Fuller.

2. pl.

Defn: Hence, mean or tattered attire; worn-out dress.
And virtue, though in rags, will keep me warm. Dryden.

3. A shabby, beggarly fellow; a ragamuffin.
The other zealous rag is the compositor. B. Jonson.
Upon the proclamation, they all came in, both tag and rag. Spenser.

4. (Geol.)

Defn: A coarse kind of rock, somewhat cellular in texture.

5. (Metal Working)

Defn: A ragged edge.

6. A sail, or any piece of canvas. [Nautical Slang]
Our ship was a clipper with every rag set. Lowell.
Rag bolt, an iron pin with barbs on its shank to retain it in place.
 -- Rag carpet, a carpet of which the weft consists of narrow of
cloth sewed together, end to end.
 -- Rag dust, fine particles of ground-up rags, used in making
papier-maché and wall papers.
 -- Rag wheel. (a) A chain wheel; a sprocket wheel. (b) A polishing
wheel made of disks of cloth clamped together on a mandrel.
 -- Rag wool, wool obtained by tearing woolen rags into fine bits,
shoddy.

RAG
Rag, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ragged; p. pr. & vb. n. Ragging.]

Defn: To become tattered. [Obs.]

RAG
Rag, v. t.

1. To break (ore) into lumps for sorting.

2. To cut or dress roughly, as a grindstone.

RAGABASH; RAGABRASH
Rag"a*bash`, Rag"a*brash`, n.

Defn: An idle, ragged person. Nares. Grose.

RAGAMUFFIN
Rag`a*muf"fin, n. Etym: [Cf. Ragamofin, the name of a demon in some
of the old mysteries.]

1. A paltry or disreputable fellow; a mean which. Dryden.

2. A person who wears ragged clothing. [Colloq.]

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The long-tailed titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

RAGE
Rage, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. rabies, fr. rabere to rave; cf. Skr. rabh
to seize, rabhas violence. Cf. Rabid, Rabies, Rave.]

1. Violent excitement; eager passion; extreme vehemence of desire,
emotion, or suffering, mastering the will. "In great rage of pain."
Bacon.
He appeased the rage of hunger with some scraps of broken meat.
Macaulay.
Convulsed with a rage of grief. Hawthorne.

2. Especially, anger accompanied with raving; overmastering wrath;
violent anger; fury.
torment, and loud lament, and furious rage. Milton.

3. A violent or raging wind. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. The subject of eager desire; that which is sought after, or
prosecuted, with unreasonable or excessive passion; as, to be all the
rage.

Syn.
 -- Anger; vehemence; excitement; passion; fury. See Anger.

RAGE
Rage, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Raged; p. pr. & vb. n. Raging.] Etym: [OF.
ragier. See Rage, n.]

1. To be furious with anger; to be exasperated to fury; to be
violently agitated with passion. "Whereat he inly raged." Milton.
When one so great begins to rage, he a hunted Even to falling. Shak.

2. To be violent and tumultuous; to be violently driven or agitated;
to act or move furiously; as, the raging sea or winds.
Why do the heathen rage Ps. ii. 1.
The madding wheels Of brazen chariots raged; dire was the noise.
Milton.

3. To ravage; to prevail without restraint, or with destruction or
fatal effect; as, the plague raged in Cairo.

4. To toy or act wantonly; to sport. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- To storm; fret; chafe; fume.

RAGE
Rage, v. t.

Defn: To enrage. [Obs.] Shak.

RAGEFUL
Rage"ful, a.

Defn: Full of rage; expressing rage. [Obs.] "Rageful eyes." Sir P.
Sidney.

RAGERY
Ra"ger*y, n.

Defn: Wantonness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RAGGED
Rag"ged, a. Etym: [From Rag, n.]

1. Rent or worn into tatters, or till the texture is broken; as, a
ragged coat; a ragged sail.

2. Broken with rough edges; having jags; uneven; rough; jagged; as,
ragged rocks.

3. Hence, harsh and disagreeable to the ear; dissonant. [R.] "A
ragged noise of mirth." Herbert.

4. Wearing tattered clothes; as, a ragged fellow.

5. Rough; shaggy; rugged.
What shepherd owns those ragged sheep Dryden.
Ragged lady (Bot.), the fennel flower (Nigella Damascena).
 -- Ragged robin (Bot.), a plant of the genus Lychnis (L. Flos-
cuculi), cultivated for its handsome flowers, which have the petals
cut into narrow lobes.
 -- Ragged sailor (Bot.), prince's feather (Polygonum orientale).
 -- Ragged school, a free school for poor children, where they are
taught and in part fed; -- a name given at first because they came in
their common clothing. [Eng.] -- Rag"ged*ly, adv.
 -- Rag"ged*ness, n.

RAGGIE; RAGGY
Rag"gie, or; Rag"gy, a.

Defn: Ragged; rough. [Obs.] "A stony and raggie hill." Holland.

RAGHUVANSA
Ragh`u*van"sa, n. Etym: [Skr. Raguvamsça.]

Defn: A celebrated Sanskrit poem having for its subject the Raghu
dynasty.

RAGING
Ra"ging,

Defn: a. & n. from Rage, v. i.
 -- Ra"*ging*ly, adv.

RAGIOUS
Ra"gious, a.

Defn: Raging; furious; rageful. [Obs.] -- Ra"gious*ness, n. [Obs.]

RAGLAN
Rag"lan, n.

Defn: A loose overcoat with large sleeves; -- named from Lord Raglan,
an English general.

RAGMAN
Rag"man, n.; pl. Ragmen (.

Defn: A man who collects, or deals in, rags.

RAGMAN
Rag"man, n. Etym: [See Ragman's roll.]

Defn: A document having many names or numerous seals, as a papal
bull. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

RAGMAN'S ROLL
Rag"man's roll`. Etym: [For ragman roll a long list of names, the
devil's roll or list; where ragman is of Scand. origin; cf. Icel.
ragmenni a craven person, Sw. raggen the devil. Icel. ragmenni is fr.
ragr cowardly (another form of argr, akin to AS. earg cowardly, vile,
G. arg bad) + menni (in comp.) man, akin to E. man. See Roll, and cf.
Rigmarole.]

Defn: The rolls of deeds on parchment in which the Scottish nobility
and gentry subscribed allegiance to Edward I. of England, A. D. 1296.
[Also written ragman-roll.]

RAGNAROK; RAGNAROK
Rag"na*rok", Rag"na*rök", n. [Icel., fr. regin, rögn, gods + rök
reason, origin, history; confused with ragna-rökr the twilight of the
gods.] (Norse Myth.)

Defn: The so-called "Twilight of the Gods" (called in German
Götterdämmerung), the final destruction of the world in the great
conflict between the Æsir (gods) on the one hand, and on the other,
the gaints and the powers of Hel under the leadership of Loki (who is
escaped from bondage).

RAGOUT
Ra*gout", n. Etym: [F. ragoût, fr. ragoûter to restore one's
appetite, fr. L. pref. re- re- + ad to + gustare to taste, gustus
taste. See Gust relish.]

Defn: A dish made of pieces of meat, stewed, and highly seasoned; as,
a ragout of mutton.

RAGPICKER
Rag"pick`er, n.

Defn: One who gets a living by picking up rags and refuse things in
the streets.

RAGTIME
Rag"time`, n. (Mus.)

Defn: Time characterized by syncopation, as in many negro melodies.
[Colloq.]

RAGULED; RAGGULED
Ra*guled", Rag*guled", a. Etym: [Cf. F. raguer to chafe, fret, rub,
or E. rag.] (Her.)

Defn: Notched in regular diagonal breaks; -- said of a line, or a
bearing having such an edge.

RAGWEED
Rag"weed, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A common American composite weed (Ambrosia artemisiæfolia) with
finely divided leaves; hogweed. Great ragweed, a coarse American herb
(Ambrosia trifida), with rough three-lobed opposite leaves.

RAGWORK
Rag"work`, n. (Masonry)

Defn: A kind of rubblework. In the United States, any rubblework of
thin and small stones.

RAGWORT
Rag"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several species of the composite genus Senecio.

Note: Senecio aureus is the golden ragwort of the United States: S.
elegans is the purple ragwort of South Africa.

RAIA
Ra"ia, n. Etym: [L., a ray. Cf. Ray the fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of rays which includes the skates. See Skate.

RAIAE
Ra"iæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Raia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The order of elasmobranch fishes which includes the sawfishes,
skates, and rays; -- called also Rajæ, and Rajii.

RAID
Raid, n. Etym: [Icel. reiedh a riding, raid; akin to E. road. See
Road a way.]

1. A hostile or predatory incursion; an inroad or incursion of
mounted men; a sudden and rapid invasion by a cavalry force; a foray.
Marauding chief! his sole delight. The moonlight raid, the morning
fight. Sir W. Scott.
There are permanent conquests, temporary occupation, and occasional
raids. H. Spenser.

Note: A Scottish word which came into common use in the United States
during the Civil War, and was soon extended in its application.

2. An attack or invasion for the purpose of making arrests, seizing
property, or plundering; as, a raid of the police upon a gambling
house; a raid of contractors on the public treasury. [Colloq. U. S.]

RAID
Raid, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raided; p. pr. & vb. n. Raiding.]

Defn: To make a raid upon or into; as, two regiments raided the
border counties.

RAIDER
Raid"er, n.

Defn: One who engages in a raid. [U.S.]

RAIFFEISEN
Raif"fei`sen, a. (Economics)

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, a form of coöperative bank
founded among the German agrarian population by Friedrich Wilhelm
Raiffeisen (1818-88); as, Raiffeisen banks, the Raiffeisen system,
etc. The banks are unlimited-liability institutions making small
loans at a low rate of interest, for a designated purpose, to worthy
members only.

RAIL
Rail, n. Etym: [OE. reil, reýel, AS. hrægel, hrægl a garment; akin to
OHG. hregil, OFries. hreil.]

Defn: An outer cloak or covering; a neckerchief for women. Fairholt.

RAIL
Rail, v. i. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: To flow forth; to roll out; to course. [Obs.]
Streams of tears from her fair eyes forth railing. Spenser.

RAIL
Rail, n. Etym: [Akin to LG. & Sw. regel bar, bolt, G. riegel a rail,
bar, or bolt, OHG, rigil, rigel, bar, bolt, and possibly to E. row a
line.]

1. A bar of timber or metal, usually horizontal or nearly so,
extending from one post or support to another, as in fences,
balustrades, staircases, etc.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A horizontal piece in a frame or paneling. See Illust. of
Style.

3. (Railroad)

Defn: A bar of steel or iron, forming part of the track on which the
wheels roll. It is usually shaped with reference to vertical
strength, and is held in place by chairs, splices, etc.

4. (Naut.)
(a) The stout, narrow plank that forms the top of the bulwarks.
(b) The light, fencelike structures of wood or metal at the break of
the deck, and elsewhere where such protection is needed. Rail fence.
See under Fence.
 -- Rail guard. (a) A device attached to the front of a locomotive on
each side for clearing the rail obstructions. (b) A guard rail. See
under Guard.
 -- Rail joint (Railroad), a splice connecting the adjacent ends of
rails, in distinction from a chair, which is merely a seat. The two
devices are sometimes united. Among several hundred varieties, the
fish joint is standard. See Fish joint, under Fish.
 -- Rail train (Iron & Steel Manuf.), a train of rolls in a rolling
mill, for making rails for railroads from blooms or billets.

RAIL
Rail, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Railed; p. pr. & vb. n. Railing.]

1. To inclose with rails or a railing.
It ought to be fenced in and railed. Ayliffe.

2. To range in a line. [Obs.]
They were brought to London all railed in ropes, like a team of
horses in a cart. Bacon.

RAIL
Rail, n. Etym: [F. râle, fr. râler to have a rattling in the throat;
of German origin, and akin to E. rattle. See Rattle, v.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of limicoline birds of the family
Rallidæ, especially those of the genus Rallus, and of closely allied
genera. They are prized as game birds.

Note: The common European water rail (Rallus aquaticus) is called
also bilcock, skitty coot, and brook runner. The best known American
species are the clapper rail, or salt-marsh hen (Rallus lonqirostris,
var. crepitans); the king, or red-breasted, rail (R. elegans) (called
also fresh-water marshhen); the lesser clapper, or Virginia, rail (R.
Virginianus); and the Carolina, or sora, rail (Porzana Carolina). See
Sora. Land rail (Zoöl.), the corncrake.

RAIL
Rail, v. i. Etym: [F. railler; cf. Sp. rallar to grate, scrape,
molest; perhaps fr. (assumed) LL. radiculare, fr. L. radere to
scrape, grate. Cf. Rally to banter, Rase.]

Defn: To use insolent and reproachful language; to utter reproaches;
to scoff; followed by at or against, formerly by on. Shak.
And rail at arts he did not understand. Dryden.
Lesbia forever on me rails. Swift.

RAIL
Rail, v. t.

1. To rail at. [Obs.] Feltham.

2. To move or influence by railing. [R.]
Rail the seal from off my bond. Shak.

RAILER
Rail"er, n.

Defn: One who rails; one who scoffs, insults, censures, or reproaches
with opprobrious language.

RAILING
Rail"ing, a.

Defn: Expressing reproach; insulting.
Angels which are greater in power and might, bring not railing
accusation against them. 2 Pet. ii. 11.

RAILING
Rail"ing, n.

1. A barrier made of a rail or of rails.

2. Rails in general; also, material for making rails.

RAILINGLY
Rail"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With scoffing or insulting language.

RAILLERY
Rail"ler*y, n. Etym: [F. raillerie, fr. railler. See Rail to scoff.]

Defn: Pleasantry or slight satire; banter; jesting language;
satirical merriment.
Let raillery be without malice or heat. B. Jonson.
Studies employed on low objects; the very naming of them is
sufficient to turn them into raillery. Addison.

RAILLEUR
Rail`leur", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A banterer; a jester; a mocker. [R.] Wycherley.

RAILROAD; RAILWAY
Rail"road`, Rail"way`, n.

1. A road or way consisting of one or more parallel series of iron or
steel rails, patterned and adjusted to be tracks for the wheels of
vehicles, and suitably supported on a bed or substructure.

Note: The modern railroad is a development and adaptation of the
older tramway.

2. The road, track, etc., with al the lands, buildings, rolling
stock, franchises, etc., pertaining to them and constituting one
property; as, certain railroad has been put into the hands of a
receiver.

Note: Railway is the commoner word in England; railroad the commoner
word in the United States.

Note: In the following and similar phrases railroad and railway are
used interchangeably: --Atmospheric railway, Elevated railway, etc.
See under Atmospheric, Elevated, etc.
 -- Cable railway. See Cable road, under Cable.
 -- Perry railway, a submerged track on which an elevated platform
runs, fro carrying a train of cars across a water course.
 -- Gravity railway, a railway, in a hilly country, on which the cars
run by gravity down gentle slopes for long distances after having
been hauled up steep inclines to an elevated point by stationary
engines.
 -- Railway brake, a brake used in stopping railway cars or
locomotives.
 -- Railway car, a large, heavy vehicle with flanged wheels fitted
for running on a railway. [U.S.] -- Railway carriage, a railway
passenger car. [Eng.] -- Railway scale, a platform scale bearing a
track which forms part of the line of a railway, for weighing loaded
cars.
 -- Railway slide. See Transfer table, under Transfer.
 -- Railway spine (Med.), an abnormal condition due to severe
concussion of the spinal cord, such as occurs in railroad accidents.
It is characterized by ataxia and other disturbances of muscular
function, sensory disorders, pain in the back, impairment of general
health, and cerebral disturbance, -- the symptoms often not
developing till some months after the injury.
 -- Underground railroad or railway. (a) A railroad or railway
running through a tunnel, as beneath the streets of a city. (b)
Formerly, a system of coöperation among certain active antislavery
people in the United States, by which fugitive slaves were secretly
helped to reach Canada.

Note: [In the latter sense railroad, and not railway, was used.]
"Their house was a principal entrepôt of the underground railroad."
W. D. Howells.

RAILROADING
Rail"road`ing, n.

Defn: The construction of a railroad; the business of managing or
operating a railroad. [Colloq. U. S.]

RAIMENT
Rai"ment, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. arraiment. See Array.]

1. Clothing in general; vesture; garments; -- usually singular in
form, with a collective sense.
Living, both food and raiment she supplies. Dryden.

2. An article of dress. [R. or Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

RAIN
Rain, n. & v.

Defn: Reign. [Obs.] Spenser.

RAIN
Rain, n. Etym: [OF. rein, AS. regen; akin to OFries. rein, D. & G.
regen, OS. & OHG. regan, Icel., Dan., & Sw. regn, Goth. rign, and
prob. to L. rigare to water, to wet; cf. Gr.

Defn: Water falling in drops from the clouds; the descent of water
from the clouds in drops.
Rain is water by the heat of the sun divided into very small parts
ascending in the air, till, encountering the cold, it be condensed
into clouds, and descends in drops. Ray.
Fair days have oft contracted wind and rain. Milton.

Note: Rain is distinguished from mist by the size of the drops, which
are distinctly visible. When water falls in very small drops or
particles, it is called mist; and fog is composed of particles so
fine as to be not only individually indistinguishable, but to float
or be suspended in the air. See Fog, and Mist. Rain band (Meteorol.),
a dark band in the yellow portion of the solar spectrum near the
sodium line, caused by the presence of watery vapor in the
atmosphere, and hence sometimes used in weather predictions.
 -- Rain bird (Zoöl.), the yaffle, or green woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.]
The name is also applied to various other birds, as to Saurothera
vetula of the West Indies.
 -- Rain fowl (Zoöl.), the channel-bill cuckoo (Scythrops Novæ-
Hollandiæ) of Australia.
 -- Rain gauge, an instrument of various forms measuring the quantity
of rain that falls at any given place in a given time; a pluviometer;
an ombrometer.
 -- Rain goose (Zoöl.), the red-throated diver, or loon. [Prov. Eng.]
-- Rain prints (Geol.), markings on the surfaces of stratified rocks,
presenting an appearance similar to those made by rain on mud and
sand, and believed to have been so produced.
 -- Rain quail. (Zoöl.) See Quail, n., 1.
 -- Rain water, water that has fallen from the clouds in rain.

RAIN
Rain, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rained; p. pr. & vb. n. Raining.] Etym:
[AS. regnian, akin to G. regnen, Goth. rignjan. See Rain, n.]

1. To fall in drops from the clouds, as water; used mostly with it
for a nominative; as, it rains.
The rain it raineth every day. Shak.

2. To fall or drop like water from the clouds; as, tears rained from
their eyes.

RAIN
Rain, v. t.

1. To pour or shower down from above, like rain from the clouds.
Then said the Lord unto Moses, Behold, I will rain bread from heaven
for you. Ex. xvi. 4.

2. To bestow in a profuse or abundant manner; as, to rain favors upon
a person.

RAINBOW
Rain"bow`, n. Etym: [AS. regenboga, akin to G. regenbogen. See Rain,
and Bow anything bent,]

Defn: A bow or arch exhibiting, in concentric bands, the several
colors of the spectrum, and formed in the part of the hemisphere
opposite to the sun by the refraction and reflection of the sun's
rays in drops of falling rain.

Note: Besides the ordinary bow, called also primary rainbow, which is
formed by two refractions and one reflection, there is also another
often seen exterior to it, called the secondary rainbow, concentric
with the first, and separated from it by a small interval. It is
formed by two refractions and two reflections, is much fainter than
the primary bow, and has its colors arranged in the reverse order
from those of the latter. Lunar rainbow, a fainter arch or rainbow,
formed by the moon.
 -- Marine rainbow, or Sea bow, a similar bow seen in the spray of
waves at sea.
 -- Rainbow trout (Zoöl.), a bright-colored trout (Salmoirideus),
native of the mountains of California, but now extensively introduced
into the Eastern States. Japan, and other countries; -- called also
brook trout, mountain trout, and golden trout.
 -- Rainbow wrasse. (Zoöl.) See under Wrasse.
 -- Supernumerary rainbow, a smaller bow, usually of red and green
colors only, sometimes seen within the primary or without the
secondary rainbow, and in contact with them.

RAINBOWED
Rain"bowed`, a.

Defn: Formed with or like a rainbow.

RAINDEER
Rain"deer`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Reindeer. [Obs.]

RAINDROP
Rain"drop`, n.

Defn: A drop of rain.

RAINFALL
Rain"fall`, n.

Defn: A fall or descent of rain; the water, or amount of water, that
falls in rain; as, the average annual rainfall of a region.
Supplied by the rainfall of the outer ranges of Sinchul and
Singaleleh. Hooker.

RAININESS
Rain"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being rainy.

RAINLESS
Rain"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of rain; as, a rainless region.

RAIN-TIGHT
Rain"-tight`, a.

Defn: So tight as to exclude rain as, a rain-tight roof.

RAINY
Rain"y, a. Etym: [AS. regenig.]

Defn: Abounding with rain; wet; showery; as, rainy day or season.

RAIP
Raip, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. reip rope. Cf. Rope.]

Defn: A rope; also, a measure equal to a rod. [Scot.]

RAIS
Rais, n.

Defn: Same as 2d Reis.

RAISABLE
Rais"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being raised.

RAISE
Raise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raised; p. pr. & vb. n. Raising.] Etym:
[OE. reisen, Icel. reisa, causative of risa to rise. See Rise, and
cf. Rear to raise.]

1. To cause to rise; to bring from a lower to a higher place; to lift
upward; to elevate; to heave; as, to raise a stone or weight. Hence,
figuratively: --
(a) To bring to a higher condition or situation; to elevate in rank,
dignity, and the like; to increase the value or estimation of; to
promote; to exalt; to advance; to enhance; as, to raise from a low
estate; to raise to office; to raise the price, and the like.
This gentleman came to be raised to great titles. Clarendon.
The plate pieces of eight were raised three pence in the piece. Sir
W. Temple.

(b) To increase the strength, vigor, or vehemence of; to excite; to
intensify; to invigorate; to heighten; as, to raise the pulse; to
raise the voice; to raise the spirits or the courage; to raise the
heat of a furnace.
(c) To elevate in degree according to some scale; as, to raise the
pitch of the voice; to raise the temperature of a room.

2. To cause to rise up, or assume an erect position or posture; to
set up; to make upright; as, to raise a mast or flagstaff. Hence: --
(a) To cause to spring up from recumbent position, from a state of
quiet, or the like; to awaken; to arouse.
They shall not awake, nor be raised out of their sleep. Job xiv. 12.

(b) To rouse to action; to stir up; to incite to tumult, struggle, or
war; to excite.
He commandeth, and raiseth the stormy wind. Ps. cvii. 25.
Æneas . . . employs his pains, In parts remote, to raise the Tuscan
swains. Dryden.

(c) To bring up from the lower world; to call up, as a spirit from
the world of spirits; to recall from death; to give life to.
Why should it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God should
raise the dead Acts xxvi. 8.

3. To cause to arise, grow up, or come into being or to appear; to
give to; to originate, produce, cause, effect, or the like. Hence,
specifically: --
(a) To form by the accumulation of materials or constituent parts; to
build up; to erect; as, to raise a lofty structure, a wall, a heap of
stones.
I will raise forts against thee. Isa. xxxix. 3.

(b) To bring together; to collect; to levy; to get together or obtain
for use or service; as, to raise money, troops, and the like. "To
raise up a rent." Chaucer.
(c) To cause to grow; to procure to be produced, bred, or propagated;
to grow; as, to raise corn, barley, hops, etc.; toraise cattle. "He
raised sheep." "He raised wheat where none grew before." Johnson's
Dict.

Note: In some parts of the United States, notably in the Southern
States, raise in also commonly applied to the rearing or bringing up
of children.
I was raised, as they say in Virginia, among the mountains of the
North. Paulding.

(d) To bring into being; to produce; to cause to arise, come forth,
or appear; -- often with up.
I will raise them up a prophet from among their brethren, like unto
thee. Deut. xviii. 18.
God vouchsafes to raise another world From him [Noah], and all his
anger to forget. Milton.

(e) To give rise to; to set agoing; to occasion; to start; to
originate; as, to raise a smile or a blush.
Thou shalt not raise a false report. Ex. xxiii. 1.

(f) To give vent or utterance to; to utter; to strike up.
Soon as the prince appears, they raise a cry. Dryden.

(g) To bring to notice; to submit for consideration; as, to raise a
point of order; to raise an objection.

4. To cause to rise, as by the effect of leaven; to make light and
spongy, as bread.
Miss Liddy can dance a jig, and raise paste. Spectator.

5. (Naut.)
(a) To cause (the land or any other object) to seem higher by drawing
nearer to it; as, to raise Sandy Hook light.
(b) To let go; as in the command, Raise tacks and sheets, i. e., Let
go tacks and sheets.

6. (Law)

Defn: To create or constitute; as, to raise a use that is, to create
it. Burrill. To raise a blockade (Mil.), to remove or break up a
blockade, either by withdrawing the ships or forces employed in
enforcing it, or by driving them away or dispersing them.
 -- To raise a check, note, bill of exchange, etc., to increase
fraudulently its nominal value by changing the writing, figures, or
printing in which the sum payable is specified.
 -- To raise a siege, to relinquish an attempt to take a place by
besieging it, or to cause the attempt to be relinquished.
 -- To raise steam, to produce steam of a required pressure.
 -- To raise the wind, to procure ready money by some temporary
expedient. [Colloq.] -- To raise Cain, or To raise the devil, to
cause a great disturbance; to make great trouble. [Slang]

Syn.
 -- To lift; exalt; elevate; erect; originate; cause; produce; grow;
heighten; aggravate; excite.

RAISED
Raised, a.

1. Lifted up; showing above the surroundings; as, raised or embossed
metal work.

2. Leavened; made with leaven, or yeast; -- used of bread, cake,
etc., as distinguished from that made with cream of tartar, soda,
etc. See Raise, v. t., 4. Raised beach. See under Beach, n.

RAISER
Rais"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, raises (in various senses of the verb).

RAISIN
Rai"sin, n. Etym: [F. raisin grape, raisin, L. racemus cluster of
grapes or berries; cf. Gr. Raceme.]

1. A grape, or a bunch of grapes. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

2. A grape dried in the sun or by artificial heat. Raisin tree
(Bot.), the common red currant, whose fruit resembles the small
raisins of Corinth called currants. [Eng.] Dp. Prior.

RAISING
Rais"ing, n.

1. The act of lifting, setting up, elevating, exalting, producing, or
restoring to life.

2. Specifically, the operation or work of setting up the frame of a
building; as, to help at a raising. [U.S.]

3. The operation of embossing sheet metal, or of forming it into cup-
shaped or hollow articles, by hammering, stamping, or spinning.
Raising bee, a bee for raising the frame of a building. See Bee, n.,
2. [U.S.] W. Irving.
 -- Raising hammer, a hammer with a rounded face, used in raising
sheet metal.
 -- Raising plate (Carp.), the plate, or longitudinal timber, on
which a roof is raised and rests.

RAISONNE
Rai`son`né", a. Etym: [F. raisonné. p. p. of raisonner to reason.]

Defn: Arranged systematically, or according to classes or subjects;
as, a catalogue raisonné. See under Catalogue.

RAIVEL
Rai"vel, n. (Weaving)

Defn: A separator. [Scot.]

RAJ
Raj, n. Etym: [See Rajah.]

Defn: Reign; rule. [India]

RAJA
Ra"ja, n.

Defn: Same as Rajah.

RAJAH
Ra"jah, n. Etym: [Hind. raja, Skr. rajan, akin to L. rex, regis. See
Regal, a.]

Defn: A native prince or king; also, a landholder or person of
importance in the agricultural districts. [India]

RAJAHSHIP
Ra"jah*ship, n.

Defn: The office or dignity of a rajah.

RAJPOOT; RAJPUT
Raj`poot", Raj`put", n. Etym: [Hind. raj-put, Skr. raja-putra king's
son.]

Defn: A Hindoo of the second, or royal and military, caste; a
Kshatriya; especially, an inhabitant of the country of Rajpootana, in
northern central India.

RAKE
Rake, n. Etym: [AS. race; akin to OD. rake, D. reek, OHG, rehho, G.
rechen, Icel, reka a shovel, and to Goth. rikan to heap up, collect,
and perhaps to Gr. rack to stretch. Cf. Reckon.]

1. An implement consisting of a headpiece having teeth, and a long
handle at right angles to it, -- used for collecting hay, or other
light things which are spread over a large surface, or for breaking
and smoothing the earth.

2. A toothed machine drawn by a horse, -- used for collecting hay or
grain; a horserake.

3. Etym: [Perhaps a different word.] (Mining)

Defn: A fissure or mineral vein traversing the strata vertically, or
nearly so; -- called also rake-vein. Gill rakes. (Anat.) See under
1st Gill.

RAKE
Rake, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raked; p. pr. & vb. n. Raking.] Etym: [AS.
racian. See 1st Rake.]

1. To collect with a rake; as, to rake hay; -- often with up; as, he
raked up the fallen leaves.

2. Hence:

Defn: To collect or draw together with laborious industry; to gather
from a wide space; to scrape together; as, to rake together wealth;
to rake together slanderous tales; to rake together the rabble of a
town.

3. To pass a rake over; to scrape or scratch with a rake for the
purpose of collecting and clearing off something, or for stirring up
the soil; as, to rake a lawn; to rake a flower bed.

4. To search through; to scour; to ransack.
The statesman rakes the town to find a plot. Swift.

5. To scrape or scratch across; to pass over quickly and lightly, as
a rake does.
Like clouds that rake the mountain summits. Wordsworth.

6. (Mil.)

Defn: To enfilade; to fire in a direction with the length of; in
naval engagements, to cannonade, as a ship, on the stern or head so
that the balls range the whole length of the deck. To rake up. (a) To
collect together, as the fire (live coals), and cover with ashes. (b)
To bring up; to search out an bring to notice again; as, to rake up
old scandals.

RAKE
Rake, v. i.

1. To use a rake, as for searching or for collecting; to scrape; to
search minutely.
One is for raking in Chaucer for antiquated words. Dryden.

2. To pass with violence or rapidity; to scrape along.
Pas could not stay, but over him did rake. Sir P. Sidney.

RAKE
Rake, n. Etym: [Cf. dial. Sw. raka to reach, and E. reach.]

Defn: To inclination of anything from a perpendicular direction; as,
the rake of a roof, a staircase, etc.; especially (Naut.,

Defn: the inclination of a mast or tunnel, or, in general, of any
part of a vessel not perpendicular to the keel.

RAKE
Rake, v. i.

Defn: To incline from a perpendicular direction; as, a mast rakes
aft. Raking course (Bricklaying), a course of bricks laid diagonally
between the face courses in a thick wall, to strengthen.

RAKE
Rake, n. Etym: [OE. rakel rash; cf. Icel. reikall wandering,
unsettled, reika to wander.]

Defn: A loose, disorderly, vicious man; a person addicted to lewdness
and other scandalous vices; a debauchee; a roué.
Am illiterate and frivolous old rake. Macaulay.

RAKE
Rake, v. i.

1. Etym: [Icel. reika. Cf. Rake a debauchee.]

Defn: To walk about; to gad or ramble idly. [Prov. Eng.]

2. Etym: [See Rake a debauchee.]

Defn: To act the rake; to lead a dissolute, debauched life.
Shenstone. To rake out (Falconry), to fly too far and wide from its
master while hovering above waiting till the game is sprung; -- said
of the hawk. Encyc. Brit.

RAKEHELL
Rake"hell`, n. Etym: [See Rakel.]

Defn: A lewd, dissolute fellow; a debauchee; a rake.
It seldom doth happen, in any way of life, that a sluggard and a
rakehell do not go together. Barrow.

RAKEHELL; RAKEHELLY
Rake"hell`, Rake"hell`y, a.

Defn: Dissolute; wild; lewd; rakish. [Obs.] Spenser. B. Jonson.

RAKEL
Ra"kel, a. Etym: [OE. See Rake a debauchee.]

Defn: Hasty; reckless; rash. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- Ra"kel*ness, n. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RAKER
Rak"er, n. Etym: [See 1st Rake.]

1. One who, or that which, rakes; as:
(a) A person who uses a rake.
(b) A machine for raking grain or hay by horse or other power.
(c) A gun so placed as to rake an enemy's ship.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Gill rakers, under 1st Gill.

RAKERY
Rak"er*y, n.

Defn: Debauchery; lewdness.
The rakery and intrigues of the lewd town. R. North.

RAKESHAME
Rake"shame`, n. Etym: [Cf. Rakehell, Ragabash.]

Defn: A vile, dissolute wretch. [Obs.] Milton.

RAKESTALE
Rake"stale`, n. Etym: [Rake the instrument + stale a handle.]

Defn: The handle of a rake.
That tale is not worth a rakestele. Chaucer.

RAKE-VEIN
Rake"-vein`, n.

Defn: See Rake, a mineral vein.

RAKI; RAKEE
Ra`ki", Ra`kee", n. [Turk. rakiarrack.]

Defn: A kind of ardent spirits used in southern Europe and the East,
distilled from grape juice, grain, etc.

RAKING
Rak"ing, n.

1. The act or process of using a rake; the going over a space with a
rake.

2. A space gone over with a rake; also, the work done, or the
quantity of hay, grain, etc., collected, by going once over a space
with a rake.

RAKISH
Rak"ish, a.

Defn: Dissolute; lewd; debauched.
The arduous task of converting a rakish lover. Macaulay.

RAKISH
Rak"ish, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Having a saucy appearance indicative of speed and dash. Ham.
Nav. Encyc.

RAKISHLY
Rak"ish*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rakish manner.

RAKISHNESS
Rak"ish*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being rakish.

RAKU WARE
Ra"ku ware`.

Defn: A kind of earthenware made in Japan, resembling Satsuma ware,
but having a paler color.

RALE
Râle, n. Etym: [F. râle. Cf. Rail the bird.] (Med.)

Defn: An adventitious sound, usually of morbid origin, accompanying
the normal respiratory sounds. See Rhonchus.

Note: Various kinds are distinguished by pathologists; differing in
intensity, as loud and small; in quality, as moist, dry, clicking,
and sonorous; and in origin, as tracheal, pulmonary, and pleural.

RALLENTANDO
Ral"len*tan"do, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Slackening; -- a direction to perform a passage with a gradual
decrease in time and force; ritardando.

RALLIANCE
Ral"li*ance, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. raliance. See Rally to reunite.]

Defn: The act of rallying.

RALLIER
Ral"li*er, n.

Defn: One who rallies.

RALLIES
Ral"liés", n. pl. [F., p. p. pl. See Rally, v. t.]

Defn: A French political group, also known as the Constitutional
Right from its position in the Chambers, mainly monarchists who
rallied to the support of the Republic in obedience to the encyclical
put forth by Pope Leo XIII. in Feb., 1892.

RALLINE
Ral"line, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the rails.

RALLY
Ral"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rallied; p. pr. & vb. n. Rallying.] Etym:
[OF. ralier, F. rallier, fr. L. pref. re- + ad + ligare to bind. See
Ra-, and 1st Ally.]

Defn: To collect, and reduce to order, as troops dispersed or thrown
into confusion; to gather again; to reunite.

RALLY
Ral"ly, v. i.

1. To come into orderly arrangement; to renew order, or united
effort, as troops scattered or put to flight; to assemble; to unite.
The Grecians rally, and their powers unite. Dryden.
Innumerable parts of matter chanced just then to rally together, and
to form themselves into this new world. Tillotson.

2. To collect one's vital powers or forces; to regain health or
consciousness; to recuperate.

3. To recover strength after a decline in prices; -- said of the
market, stocks, etc.

RALLY
Ral"ly, n.; pl. Rallies (.

1. The act or process of rallying (in any of the senses of that
word).

2. A political mass meeting. [Colloq. U. S.]

RALLY
Ral"ly, v. t. Etym: [F. railler. See Rail to scoff.]

Defn: To attack with raillery, either in good humor and pleasantry,
or with slight contempt or satire.
Honeycomb . . . raillies me upon a country life. Addison.
Strephon had long confessed his amorous pain. Which gay Corinna
rallied with disdain. Gay.

Syn.
 -- To banter; ridicule; satirize; deride; mock.

RALLY
Ral"ly, v. i.

Defn: To use pleasantry, or satirical merriment.

RALLY
Ral"ly, n.

Defn: Good-humored raillery.

RALPH
Ralph, n.

Defn: A name sometimes given to the raven.

RALSTONITE
Ral"ston*ite, n. Etym: [So named after J. G. Ralston of Norristown,
Penn.] (Min.)

Defn: A fluoride of alumina and soda occurring with the Greenland
cryolite in octahedral crystals.

RAM
Ram, n. Etym: [AS. ramm, ram; akin to OHG. & D. ram, Prov. G. ramm,
and perh. to Icel. ramr strong.]

1. The male of the sheep and allied animals. In some parts of England
a ram is called a tup.

2. (Astron.)
(a) Aries, the sign of the zodiac which the sun enters about the 21st
of March.
(b) The constellation Aries, which does not now, as formerly, occupy
the sign of the same name.

3. An engine of war used for butting or battering. Specifically:
(a) In ancient warfare, a long beam suspended by slings in a
framework, and used for battering the walls of cities; a battering-
ram.
(b) A heavy steel or iron beak attached to the prow of a steam war
vessel for piercing or cutting down the vessel of an enemy; also, a
vessel carrying such a beak.

4. A hydraulic ram. See under Hydraulic.

5. The weight which strikes the blow, in a pile driver, steam hammer,
stamp mill, or the like.

6. The plunger of a hydraulic press. Ram's horn. (a) (Fort.) A low
semicircular work situated in and commanding a ditch. [Written also
ramshorn.] Farrow. (b) (Paleon.) An ammonite.

RAM
Ram, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rammed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ramming.]

1. To butt or strike against; to drive a ram against or through; to
thrust or drive with violence; to force in; to drive together; to
cram; as, to ram an enemy's vessel; to ram piles, cartridges, etc.
[They] rammed me in with foul shirts, and smocks, socks, foul
stockings, greasy napkins. Shak.

2. To fill or compact by pounding or driving.
A ditch . . . was filled with some sound materials, and rammed to
make the foundation solid. Arbuthnot.

RAMADAN
Ram`a*dan", n. Etym: [Ar. ramadan, or ramazan, properly, the hot
month.] [Written also Ramadhan, Ramadzan, and Rhamadan.]

1. The ninth Mohammedan month.

2. The great annual fast of the Mohammedans, kept during daylight
through the ninth month.

RAMAGE
Ram"age (; 48), n. Etym: [F., fr. L. ramus a branch.]

1. Boughs or branches. [Obs.] Crabb.

2. Warbling of birds in trees. [Obs.] Drummond.

RAMAGE
Ra*mage", a.

Defn: Wild; untamed. [Obs.]

RAMAGIOUS
Ra*ma"gi*ous, a.

Defn: Wild; not tame. [Obs.]
Now is he tame that was so ramagious. Remedy of Love.

RAMAL
Ra"mal, a. Etym: [L. ramus branch.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a ramus, or branch; rameal.

RAMAYANA
Ra*ma"ya*na, n. Etym: [Skr. Ramayana.]

Defn: The more ancient of the two great epic poems in Sanskrit. The
hero and heroine are Rama and his wife Sita.

RAMBERGE
Ram"berge, n. Etym: [F., fr. rame oar + barge barge.]

Defn: Formerly, a kind of large war galley.

RAMBLE
Ram"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rambled; p. pr. & vb. n. Rambling.]
Etym: [For rammle, fr. Prov. E. rame to roam. Cf. Roam.]

1. To walk, ride, or sail, from place to place, without any
determinate object in view; to roam carelessly or irregularly; to
rove; to wander; as, to ramble about the city; to ramble over the
world.
He that is at liberty to ramble in perfect darkness, what is his
liberty better than if driven up and down as a bubble by the wind
Locke.

2. To talk or write in a discursive, aimless way.

3. To extend or grow at random. Thomson.

Syn.
 -- To rove; roam; wander; range; stroll.

RAMBLE
Ram"ble, n.

1. A going or moving from place to place without any determinate
business or object; an excursion or stroll merely for recreation.
Coming home, after a short Christians ramble. Swift.

2. Etym: [Cf. Rammel.] (Coal Mining)

Defn: A bed of shale over the seam. Raymond.

RAMBLER
Ram"bler, n.

Defn: One who rambles; a rover; a wanderer.

RAMBLING
Ram"bling, a.

Defn: Roving; wandering; discursive; as, a rambling fellow, talk, or
building.

RAMBLINGLY
Ram"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rambling manner.

RAMBOOZE
Ram"booze, n.

Defn: A beverage made of wine, ale (or milk), sugar, etc. [Obs.]
Blount.

RAMBUTAN
Ram*bu"tan, n. Etym: [Malay rambutan, fr. rambut hair of the head.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A Malayan fruit produced by the tree Nephelium lappaceum, and
closely related to the litchi nut. It is bright red, oval in shape,
covered with coarse hairs (whence the name), and contains a pleasant
acid pulp. Called also ramboostan.

RAMEAL
Ra"me*al, a.

Defn: Same as Ramal. Gray.

RAMEAN
Ra"me*an, n.

Defn: A Ramist. Shipley.

RAMED
Ramed, a.

Defn: Having the frames, stem, and sternpost adjusted; -- said of a
ship on the stocks.

RAMEE
Ram"ee, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Ramie.

RAMEKIN
Ram"e*kin, n.

Defn: See Ramequin. [Obs.]

RAMENT
Ram"ent, n. Etym: [L. ramenta, pl.]

1. A scraping; a shaving. [Obs.]

RAMENTA
Ra*men"ta, n. pl. Etym: [L., scrapings.] (Bot.)

Defn: Thin brownish chaffy scales upon the leaves or young shoots of
some plants, especially upon the petioles and leaves of ferns. Gray.

RAMENTACEOUS
Ram`en*ta"ceous, a (Bot.)

Defn: Covered with ramenta.

RAMEOUS
Ra"me*ous, a Etym: [L. rameus, from ramus branch, bough.] (Bot.)

Defn: Ramal.

RAMEQUIN
Ram"e*quin, n. Etym: [F.] (Cookery)

Defn: A mixture of cheese, eggs, etc., formed in a mold, or served on
bread. [Written also ramekin.]

RAMIE
Ram"ie, n. Etym: [From Malay.] (Bot.)

Defn: The grasscloth plant (Boehmeria nivea); also, its fiber, which
is very fine and exceedingly strong; -- called also China grass, and
rhea. See Grass-cloth plant, under Grass.

RAMIFICATION
Ram`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ramification. See Ramify.]

1. The process of branching, or the development or offshoots from a
stem; also, the mode of their arrangement.

2. A small branch or offshoot proceeding from a main stock or
channel; as, the ramifications of an artery, vein, or nerve.

3. A division into principal and subordinate classes, heads, or
departments; also, one of the subordinate parts; as, the
ramifications a subject or scheme.

4. The production of branchlike figures. Crabb.

RAMIFLOROUS
Ram`i*flo"rous, a. Etym: [L. ramus branch + flos, floris, flower.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Flowering on the branches.

RAMIFORM
Ram"i*form, a. Etym: [L. ramus branch + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of a branch.

RAMIFY
Ram"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ramified; p. pr. & vb. n. Ramifying.]
Etym: [F. ramifier, LL. ramificare, fr. L. ramus a branch + -ficare
(in comp.) to make. See -fy.]

Defn: To divide into branches or subdivisions; as, to ramify an art,
subject, scheme.

RAMIFY
Ram"i*fy, v. i.

1. To shoot, or divide, into branches or subdivisions, as the stem of
a plant.
When they [asparagus plants] . . . begin to ramify. Arbuthnot.

2. To be divided or subdivided, as a main subject.

RAMIGEROUS
Ra*mig"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. ramus a branch + -gerous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing branches; branched.

RAMIPAROUS
Ra*mip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. ramus + parere to bear.] (Bot.)

Defn: Producing branches; ramigerous.

RAMIST
Ra"mist, n.

Defn: A follower of Pierre Ramé, better known as Ramus, a celebrated
French scholar, who was professor of rhetoric and philosophy at Paris
in the reign of Henry II., and opposed the Aristotelians.

RAMLINE
Ram"line, n.

Defn: A line used to get a straight middle line, as on a spar, or
from stem to stern in building a vessel.

RAMMEL
Ram"mel, n.

Defn: Refuse matter. [Obs.]
Filled with any rubbish, rammel and broken stones. Holland.

RAMMER
Ram"mer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, rams or drives. Specifically:
(a) An instrument for driving anything force; as, a rammer for
driving stones or piles, or for beating the earth to more solidity.
(b) A rod for forcing down the charge of a gun; a ramrod.
(c) (Founding) An implement for pounding the sand of a mold to render
it compact.

RAMMISH
Ram"mish, a.

Defn: Like a ram; hence, rank; lascivious. "Their savor is so
rammish." Chaucer.

RAMMISHNESS
Ram"mish*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being rammish.

RAMMY
Ram"my, a.

Defn: Like a ram; rammish. Burton.

RAMOLLESCENCE
Ram`ol*les"cence, n. Etym: [F. ramollir to make soft, to soften;
pref. re- re- + amollir to soften; a (L. ad) + mollir to soften, L.
mollire, fr. mollis soft.]

Defn: A softening or mollifying. [R.]

RAMOON
Ra*moon", n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small West Indian tree (Trophis Americana) of the Mulberry
family, whose leaves and twigs are used as fodder for cattle.

RAMOSE
Ra*mose", a. Etym: [L. ramosus, from ramus a branch.]

Defn: Branched, as the stem or root of a plant; having lateral
divisions; consisting of, or having, branches; full of branches;
ramifying; branching; branchy.

RAMOUS
Ra"mous, a.

Defn: Ramose.

RAMP
Ramp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ramped; p. pr. & vb. n. Ramping.] Etym: [F.
ramper to creep, OF., to climb; of German origin; cf. G. raffen to
snatch, LG. & D. rapen. See Rap to snatch, and cf. Romp.]

1. To spring; to leap; to bound; to rear; to prance; to become
rampant; hence, to frolic; to romp.

2. To move by leaps, or by leaps; hence, to move swiftly or with
violence.
Their bridles they would champ,
And trampling the fine element would fiercely ramp. Spenser.

3. To climb, as a plant; to creep up.
With claspers and tendrils, they [plants] catch hold, . . . and so
ramping upon trees, they mount up to a great height. Ray.

RAMP
Ramp, n.

1. A leap; a spring; a hostile advance.
The bold Ascalonite Fled from his lion ramp. Milton.

2. A highwayman; a robber. [Prov. Eng.]

3. A romping woman; a prostitute. [Obs.] Lyly.

4. Etym: [F. rampe.] (Arch.)
(a) Any sloping member, other than a purely constructional one, such
as a continuous parapet to a staircase.
(b) A short bend, slope, or curve, where a hand rail or cap changes
its direction.

5. Etym: [F. rampe.] (Fort.)

Defn: An inclined plane serving as a communication between different
interior levels.

RAMPACIOUS
Ram*pa"cious, a.

Defn: High-spirited; rampageous. [Slang] Dickens.

RAMPAGE
Ramp"age, n. Etym: [See Ramp, v.]

Defn: Violent or riotous behavior; a state of excitement, passion, or
debauchery; as, to be on the rampage. [Prov. or Low.] Dickens.

RAMPAGE
Ramp"age, v. i.

Defn: To leap or prance about, as an animal; to be violent; to rage.
[Prov. or Low]

RAMPAGEOUS
Ram*pa"geous, a.

Defn: Characterized by violence and passion; unruly; rampant. [Prov.
or Low]
In the primitive ages of a rampageous antiquity. Galt.

RAMPALLIAN
Ram*pal"lian, n. Etym: [Cf. ramp a prostitute, or rabble.]

Defn: A mean wretch. [Obs.] Shak.

RAMPANCY
Ramp"an*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being rampant; excessive action or
development; exuberance; extravagance. "They are come to this height
and rampancy of vice." South.

RAMPANT
Ramp"ant, a. Etym: [F., p. pr. of ramper to creep. See Ramp, v.]

1. Ramping; leaping; springing; rearing upon the hind legs; hence,
raging; furious.
The fierce lion in his kind Which goeth rampant after his prey.
Gower.
[The] lion . . . rampant shakes his brinded mane. Milton.

2. Ascending; climbing; rank in growth; exuberant.
The rampant stalk is of unusual altitude. I. Taylor.

3. (Her.)

Defn: Rising with fore paws in the air as if attacking; -- said of a
beast of prey, especially a lion. The right fore leg and right hind
leg should be raised higher than the left. Rampant arch. (a) An arch
which has one abutment higher than the other. (b) Same as Rampant
vault, below.
 -- Rampant gardant (Her.), rampant, but with the face turned to the
front.
 -- Rampant regardant, rampant, but looking backward.
 -- Rampant vault (Arch.), a continuous wagon vault, or cradle vault,
whose two abutments are located on an inclined planed plane, such as
the vault supporting a stairway, or forming the ceiling of a
stairway.

RAMPANTLY
Ramp"ant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rampant manner.

RAMPART
Ram"part, n. Etym: [F. rempart, OF. rempar, fr. remparer to fortify,
se remparer to fence or intrench one's self; re- re- pref. + pref.
en- (L. in) + parer to defend, parry, prepare, L. parare to prepape.
See Pare.]

1. That which fortifies and defends from assault; that which secures
safety; a defense or bulwark.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: A broad embankment of earth round a place, upon which the
parapet is raised. It forms the substratum of every permanent
fortification. Mahan.

Syn.
 -- Bulwark; fence; security; guard.
 -- Rampart, Bulwark. These words were formerly interchanged; but in
modern usage a distinction has sprung up between them. The rampart of
a fortified place is the enceinte or main embankment or wall which
surrounds it. The term bulwark is now applied to peculiarly strong
outworks which project for the defense of the rampart, or main work.
A single bastion is a bulwark. In using these words figuratively,
rampart is properly applied to that which protects by walling out;
bulwark to that which stands in the forefront of danger, to meet and
repel it. Hence, we speak of a distinguished individual as the
bulwark, not the rampart, of the state. This distinction, however, is
often disregarded.

RAMPART
Ram"part, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ramparted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ramparting.]

Defn: To surround or protect with, or as with, a rampart or ramparts.
Those grassy hills, those glittering dells, Proudly ramparted with
rocks. Coleridge.
Rampart gun (Fort.), a cannon or large gun for use on a rampart and
not as a fieldpiece.

RAMPE
Rampe, n. Etym: [In allusion to its supposed aphrodisiac qualities.
See Ramp.] (Bot.)

Defn: The cuckoopint.

RAMPIER
Ram"pier, n.

Defn: See Rampart. [Obs.]

RAMPION
Ram"pi*on, n. Etym: [Cf. F. raiponce, Sp. ruiponce, reponche, L.
raperonzo, NL. rapuntium, fr. L. rapum, rapa, a turnip, rape. Cf.
Rape a plant.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Campanula Rapunculus) of the Bellflower family, with a
tuberous esculent root; -- also called ramps.

Note: The name is sometimes given to plants of the genus Phyteuma,
herds of the Bellflower family, and to the American evening primrose
(Enothera biennis), which has run wild in some parts of Europe.

RAMPIRE
Ram"pire, n.

Defn: A rampart. [Archaic]
The Trojans round the place a rampire cast. Dryden.

RAMPIRE
Ram"pire, v. t.

Defn: To fortify with a rampire; to form into a rampire. [Archaic]
Chapman. "Rampired walls of gold." R. Browning.

RAMPLER
Ram"pler, n.

Defn: A rambler.

RAMPLER
Ram"pler, a.

Defn: Roving; rambling. [Scot.]

RAMROD
Ram"rod`, n.

Defn: The rod used in ramming home the charge in a muzzle-loading
firearm.

RAMSHACKLE
Ram"shac*kle, a. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Loose; disjointed; falling to pieces; out of repair.
There came . . . my lord the cardinal, in his ramshackle coach.
Thackeray.

RAMSHACKLE
Ram"shac*kle, v. t.

Defn: To search or ransack; to rummage. [Prov. Eng.]

RAMSON
Ram"son, n. Etym: [AS. hramsan, pl., akin to G. rams, Sw. rams,
ramslök; cf. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A broad-leaved species of garlic (Allium ursinum), common in
European gardens; -- called also buckram.

RAMSTED
Ram"sted, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A yellow-flowered weed; -- so named from a Mr. Ramsted who
introduced it into Pennsylvania. See Toad flax. Called also Ramsted
weed.

RAMTIL
Ram"til, n. [Bengali ram-til.]

Defn: A tropical African asteraceous shrub (Guizotia abyssinica)
cultivated for its seeds (called ramtil, or niger, seeds) which yield
a valuable oil used for food and as an illuminant.

RAMULOSE
Ram"u*lose`, a. Etym: [L. ramulosus, fr. ramulus, dim. of ramus a
branch.] (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Having many small branches, or ramuli.

RAMULOUS
Ram"u*lous, a. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Ramulose.

RAMULUS
Ram"u*lus, n.; pl. Ramuli (. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small branch, or branchlet, of corals, hydroids, and similar
organisms.

RAMUS
Ra"mus, n.; pl. Rami (. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: A branch; a projecting part or prominent process; a
ramification.

RAMUSCULE
Ra*mus"cule, n. Etym: [L. ramusculus.] (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: A small ramus, or branch.

RAN
Ran,

Defn: imp. of Run.

RAN
Ran, n. Etym: [As. ran.]

Defn: Open robbery. [Obs.] Lambarde.

RAN
Ran, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Yarns coiled on a spun-yarn winch.

RANA
Ra"na, n. Etym: [L., a frog.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of anurous batrachians, including the common frogs.

RANAL
Ra"nal, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a general affinity to ranunculaceous plants. Ranal
alliance (Bot.), a name proposed by Lindley for a group of natural
orders, including Ranunculaceæ, Magnoliaceæ, Papaveraceæ, and others
related to them.

RANCE
Rance, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

1. A prop or shore. [Scot.]

2. A round between the legs of a chair.

RANCESCENT
Ran*ces"cent, a. Etym: [L. rancescens, p. pr. of rancescere, v.
incho. from rancere to be rancid.]

Defn: Becoming rancid or sour.

RANCH
Ranch, v. t. [Written also raunch.] Etym: [Cf. Wrench.]

Defn: To wrench; to tear; to sprain; to injure by violent straining
or contortion. [R.] Dryden. "Hasting to raunch the arrow out."
Spenser.

RANCH
Ranch, n. Etym: [See Rancho.]

Defn: A tract of land used for grazing and rearing of horses, cattle,
or sheep. See Rancho, 2. [Western U. S.]

RANCHERIA
Ran`che*ri"a, n. [Sp. rancheria.]

1. A dwelling place of a ranchero.

2.  A small settlement or collection of ranchos, or rude huts, esp.
for Indians. [Sp. Amer. & Southern U. S.]

3.  Formerly, in the Philippines, a political division of the pagan
tribes.

RANCHERO
Ran*che"ro, n.; pl. Rancheros. Etym: [Sp.] [Mexico & Western U. S.]

1. A herdsman; a peasant employed on a ranch or rancho.

2. The owner and occupant of a ranch or rancho.

RANCHMAN
Ranch"man, n.; pl. Ranchmen

Defn: An owner or occupant of, or laborer on, a ranch; a herdsman.
[Western U. S.]

RANCHO
Ran"cho, n.; pl. Ranchos. Etym: [Sp., properly, a mess, mess room.
Cf. 2d Ranch.]

1. A rude hut, as of posts, covered with branches or thatch, where
herdsmen or farm laborers may live or lodge at night.

2. A large grazing farm where horses and cattle are raised; --
distinguished from hacienda, a cultivated farm or plantation. [Mexico
& California] Bartlett.

RANCID
Ran"cid, a. Etym: [L. rancidus, fr. rancere to be rancid or rank.]

Defn: Having a rank smell or taste, from chemical change or
decomposition; musty; as, rancid oil or butter.

RANCIDITY
Ran*cid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rancidité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being rancid; a rancid scent or flavor,
as of old oil. Ure.

RANCIDLY
Ran"cid*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rancid manner.

RANCIDNESS
Ran"cid*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being rancid.

RANCOR
Ran"cor, n. [Written also rancour.] Etym: [OE. rancour, OF. rancor,
rancur, F. rancune, fr. L. rancor rancidity, rankness; tropically, an
old grudge, rancor, fr. rancere to be rank or rancid.]

Defn: The deepest malignity or spite; deep-seated enmity or malice;
inveterate hatred. "To stint rancour and dissencioun." Chaucer.
It would not be easy to conceive the passion, rancor, and malice of
their tongues and hearts. Burke.

Syn.
 -- Enmity; hatred; ill will; malice; spite; grudge; animosity;
malignity.
 -- Rancor, Enmity. Enmity and rancor both describe hostile feelings;
but enmity may be generous and open, while rancor implies personal
malice of the worst and most enduring nature, and is the strongest
word in our language to express hostile feelings.
Rancor will out; proud prelate, in thy face I see thy fury. Shak.
Rancor is that degree of malice which preys upon the possessor.
Cogan.

RANCOROUS
Ran"cor*ous, a. Etym: [OF. rancuros.]

Defn: Full of rancor; evincing, or caused by, rancor; deeply
malignant; implacably spiteful or malicious; intensely virulent.
So flamed his eyes with rage and rancorous ire. Spenser.

RANCOROUSLY
Ran"cor*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rancorous manner.

RAND
Rand, n. Etym: [AS. rand, rond; akin to D., Dan., Sw., & G. rand,
Icel. rönd, and probably to E. rind.]

1. A border; edge; margin. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

2. A long, fleshy piece, as of beef, cut from the flank or leg; a
sort of steak. Beau. & Fl.

3. A thin inner sole for a shoe; also, a leveling slip of leather
applied to the sole before attaching the heel.

RAND
Rand, v. i. Etym: [See Rant.]

Defn: To rant; to storm. [Obs.]
I wept, . . . and raved, randed, and railed. J. Webster.

RANDALL GRASS
Ran"dall grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: The meadow fescue (Festuca elatior). See under Grass.

RANDAN
Ran"dan, n.

Defn: The product of a second sifting of meal; the finest part of the
bran. [Prov. Eng.]

RANDAN
Ran"dan, n.

Defn: A boat propelled by three rowers with four oars, the middle
rower pulling two.

RANDING
Rand"ing, n.

1. (Shoemaking)

Defn: The act or process of making and applying rands for shoes.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A kind of basket work used in gabions.

RANDOM
Ran"dom, n. Etym: [OE. randon, OF. randon force, violence, rapidity,
a randon, de randon, violently, suddenly, rapidly, prob. of German
origin; cf. G. rand edge, border, OHG. rant shield, edge of a shield,
akin to E. rand, n. See Rand, n.]

1. Force; violence. [Obs.]
For courageously the two kings newly fought with great random and
force. E. Hall.

2. A roving motion; course without definite direction; want of
direction, rule, or method; hazard; chance; -- commonly used in the
phrase at random, that is, without a settled point of direction; at
hazard.
Counsels, when they fly At random, sometimes hit most happily.
Herrick.
O, many a shaft, at random sent, Finds mark the archer little meant !
Sir W. Scott.

3. Distance to which a missile is cast; range; reach; as, the random
of a rifle ball. Sir K. Digby.

4. (Mining)

Defn: The direction of a rake-vein. Raymond.

RANDOM
Ran"dom, a.

Defn: Going at random or by chance; done or made at hazard, or
without settled direction, aim, or purpose; hazarded without previous
calculation; left to chance; haphazard; as, a random guess.
Some random truths he can impart. Wordsworth.
So sharp a spur to the lazy, and so strong a bridle to the random. H.
Spencer.
Random courses (Masonry), courses of unequal thickness.
 -- Random shot, a shot not directed or aimed toward any particular
object, or a shot with the muzzle of the gun much elevated.
 -- Random work (Masonry), stonework consisting of stones of unequal
sizes fitted together, but not in courses nor always with flat beds.

RANDOMLY
Ran"dom*ly, adv.

Defn: In a random manner.

RANDON
Ran"don, n.

Defn: Random. [Obs.] Spenser.

RANDON
Ran"don, v. i.

Defn: To go or stray at random. [Obs.]

RANEDEER
Rane"deer`, n.

Defn: See Reindeer. [Obs.]

RANEE
Ra"nee, n.

Defn: Same as Rani.

RANFORCE
Ran"force`, n. Etym: [Cf. F. renforcer.]

Defn: See Reënforce. [Obs.] Bailey.

RANG
Rang,

Defn: imp. of Ring, v. t. & i.

RANGE
Range, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ranged; p. pr. & vb. n. Ranging.] Etym:
[OE. rengen, OF. rengier, F. ranger, OF. renc row, rank, F. rang; of
German origin. See Rane, n.]

1. To set in a row, or in rows; to place in a regular line or lines,
or in ranks; to dispose in the proper order; to rank; as, to range
soldiers in line.
Maccabeus ranged his army by hands. 2 Macc. xii. 20.

2. To place (as a single individual) among others in a line, row, or
order, as in the ranks of an army; -- usually, reflexively and
figuratively, (in the sense) to espouse a cause, to join a party,
etc.
It would be absurd in me to range myself on the side of the Duke of
Bedford and the corresponding society. Burke.

3. To separate into parts; to sift. [Obs.] Holland.

4. To dispose in a classified or in systematic order; to arrange
regularly; as, to range plants and animals in genera and species.

5. To rove over or through; as, to range the fields.
Teach him to range the ditch, and force the brake. Gay.

6. To sail or pass in a direction parallel to or near; as, to range
the coast.

Note: Compare the last two senses (5 and 6) with the French ranger
une côte.

7. (Biol.)

Defn: To be native to, or to live in; to frequent.

RANGE
Range, v. i.

1. To rove at large; to wander without restraint or direction; to
roam.
Like a ranging spaniel that barks at every bird he sees. Burton.

2. To have range; to change or differ within limits; to be capable of
projecting, or to admit of being projected, especially as to
horizontal distance; as, the temperature ranged through seventy
degrees Fahrenheit; the gun ranges three miles; the shot ranged four
miles.

3. To be placed in order; to be ranked; to admit of arrangement or
classification; to rank.
And range with humble livers in content. Shak.

4. To have a certain direction; to correspond in direction; to be or
keep in a corresponding line; to trend or run; -- often followed by
with; as, the front of a house ranges with the street; to range along
the coast.
Which way the forests range. Dryden.

5. (Biol.)

Defn: To be native to, or live in, a certain district or region; as,
the peba ranges from Texas to Paraguay.

Syn.
 -- To rove; roam; ramble; wander; stroll.

RANGE
Range, n. Etym: [From Range, v.: cf. F. rangée.]

1. A series of things in a line; a row; a rank; as, a range of
buildings; a range of mountains.

2. An aggregate of individuals in one rank or degree; an order; a
class.
The next range of beings above him are the immaterial intelligences.
Sir M. Hale.

3. The step of a ladder; a rung. Clarendon.

4. A kitchen grate. [Obs.]
He was bid at his first coming to take off the range, and let down
the cinders. L'Estrange.

5. Am extended cooking apparatus of cast iron, set in brickwork, and
affording conveniences for various ways

6. A bolting sieve to sift meal. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

7. A wandering or roving; a going to and fro; an excursion; a ramble;
an expedition.
He may take a range all the world over. South.

8. That which may be ranged over; place or room for excursion;
especially, a region of country in which cattle or sheep may wander
and pasture.

9. Extent or space taken in by anything excursive; compass or extent
of excursion; reach; scope; discursive; as, the range of one's voice,
or authority.
Far as creation's ample range extends. Pope.
The range and compass of Hammond's knowledge filled the whole circle
of the arts. Bp. Fell.
A man has not enough range of thought. Addison.

10. (Biol.)

Defn: The region within which a plant or animal naturally lives.

11. (Gun.)
(a) The horizontal distance to which a shot or other projectile is
carried.
(b) Sometimes, less properly, the trajectory of a shot or projectile.
(c) A place where shooting, as with cannons or rifles, is practiced.

12. In the public land system of the United States, a row or line of
townships lying between two succession meridian lines six miles
apart.

Note: The meridians included in each great survey are numbered in
order east and west from the "principal meridian" of that survey, and
the townships in the range are numbered north and south from the
"base line," which runs east and west; as, township No. 6, N., range
7, W., from the fifth principal meridian.

13. (Naut.)

Defn: See Range of cable, below. Range of accommodation (Optics), the
distance between the near point and the far point of distinct vision,
-- usually measured and designated by the strength of the lens which
if added to the refracting media of the eye would cause the rays from
the near point to appear as if they came from the far point.
 -- Range finder (Gunnery), an instrument, or apparatus, variously
constructed, for ascertaining the distance of an inaccessible object,
-- used to determine what elevation must be given to a gun in order
to hit the object; a position finder.
 -- Range of cable (Naut.), a certain length of slack cable ranged
along the deck preparatory to letting go the anchor.
 -- Range work (Masonry), masonry of squared stones laid in courses
each of which is of even height throughout the length of the wall; --
distinguished from broken range work, which consists of squared
stones laid in courses not continuously of even height.
 -- To get the range of (an object) (Gun.), to find the angle at
which the piece must be raised to reach (the object) without carrying
beyond.

RANGEMENT
Range"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rangement.]

Defn: Arrangement. [Obs.] Waterland.

RANGER
Ran"ger, n.

1. One who ranges; a rover; sometimes, one who ranges for plunder; a
roving robber.

2. That which separates or arranges; specifically, a sieve. [Obs.]
"The tamis ranger." Holland.

3. A dog that beats the ground in search of game.

4. One of a body of mounted troops, formerly armed with short
muskets, who range over the country, and often fight on foot.

5. The keeper of a public park or forest; formerly, a sworn officer
of a forest, appointed by the king's letters patent, whose business
was to walk through the forest, recover beasts that had strayed
beyond its limits, watch the deer, present trespasses to the next
court held for the forest, etc. [Eng.]

RANGERSHIP
Ran"ger*ship, n.

Defn: The office of the keeper of a forest or park. [Eng.]

RANGLE
Ran"gle, v. i.

Defn: To range about in an irregular manner. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

RANGY
Ran"gy, a. [From Range, v. i.]

Defn: Inclined or able to range, or rove about, for considerable
distances; apt or suited for much roving, --chiefly used of cattle.

RANI
Ra"ni, n. Etym: [Hind. rani, Skr. rajni. See Rajah.]

Defn: A queen or princess; the wife of a rajah. [Written also ranee.]
[India]

RANINE
Ra"nine, a. Etym: [L. rana a frog.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the frogs and toads.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a swelling under the tongue;
also, pertaining to the region where the swelling occurs; -- applied
especially to branches of the lingual artery and lingual vein.

RANK
Rank, a. [Compar. Ranker; superl. Rankest.] Etym: [AS. ranc strong,
proud; cf. D. rank slender, Dan. rank upright, erect, Prov. G. rank
slender, Icel. rakkr slender, bold. The meaning seems to have been
influenced by L. rancidus, E. rancid.]

1. Luxuriant in growth; of vigorous growth; exuberant; grown to
immoderate height; as, rank grass; rank weeds.
And, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one stalk, rank and
good. Gen. xli. 5.

2. Raised to a high degree; violent; extreme; gross; utter; as, rank
heresy. "Rank nonsense." Hare. "I do forgive thy rankest fault."
Shak.

3. Causing vigorous growth; producing luxuriantly; very rich and
fertile; as, rank land. Mortimer.

4. Strong-scented; rancid; musty; as, oil of a rank smell; rank-
smelling rue. Spenser.

5. Strong to the taste. "Divers sea fowls taste rank of the fish on
which they feed." Boyle.

6. Inflamed with venereal appetite. [Obs.] Shak. Rank modus (Law), an
excessive and unreasonable modus. See Modus, 3.
 -- To set (the iron of a plane, etc.) rank, to set so as to take off
a thick shaving. Moxon.

RANK
Rank, adv.

Defn: Rankly; stoutly; violently. [Obs.]
That rides so rank and bends his lance so fell. Fairfax.

RANK
Rank, n. Etym: [OE. renk, reng, OF. renc, F. rang, fr. OHG. hring a
circle, a circular row, G. ring. See Ring, and cf. Range, n. & v.]

1. A row or line; a range; an order; a tier; as, a rank of osiers.
Many a mountain nigh Rising in lofty ranks, and loftier still. Byron.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A line of soldiers ranged side by side; -- opposed to file. See
1st File, 1 (a).
Fierce, fiery warriors fought upon the clouds, In ranks and squadrons
and right form of war. Shak.

3. Grade of official standing, as in the army, navy, or nobility; as,
the rank of general; the rank of admiral.

4. An aggregate of individuals classed together; a permanent social
class; an order; a division; as, ranks and orders of men; the highest
and the lowest ranks of men, or of other intelligent beings.

5. Degree of dignity, eminence, or excellence; position in civil or
social life; station; degree; grade; as, a writer of the first rank;
a lawyer of high rank.
These all are virtues of a meaner rank. Addison.

6. Elevated grade or standing; high degree; high social position;
distinction; eminence; as, a man of rank. Rank and file. (a) (Mil.)
The whole body of common soldiers, including also corporals. In a
more extended sense, it includes sergeants also, excepting the
noncommissioned staff. (b) See under 1st File.
 -- The ranks, the order or grade of common soldiers; as, to reduce a
noncommissioned officer to the ranks.
 -- To fill the ranks, to supply the whole number, or a competent
number.
 -- To take rank of, to have precedence over, or to have the right of
taking a higher place than.pull rank, to insist on one's own
prerogative or plan of action, by right of a higher rank than that of
one suggesting a different plan

RANK
Rank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ranked; p. pr. & vb. n. Ranking,]

1. To place abreast, or in a line.

2. To range in a particular class, order, or division; to class;
also, to dispose methodically; to place in suitable classes or order;
to classify.
Ranking all things under general and special heads. I. Watts.
Poets were ranked in the class of philosophers. Broome.
Heresy is ranked with idolatry and witchcraft. Dr. H. More.

3. To take rank of; to outrank. [U.S.]

RANK
Rank, v. i.

1. To be ranged; to be set or disposed, an in a particular degree,
class, order, or division.
Let that one article rank with the rest. Shak.

2. To have a certain grade or degree of elevation in the orders of
civil or military life; to have a certain degree of esteem or
consideration; as, he ranks with the first class of poets; he ranks
high in public estimation.

RANKER
Rank"er, n.

Defn: One who ranks, or disposes in ranks; one who arranges.

RANKLE
Ran"kle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rankled; p. pr. & vb. n. Rankling.]
Etym: [From Rank, a.]

1. To become, or be, rank; to grow rank or strong; to be inflamed; to
fester; -- used literally and figuratively.
A malady that burns and rankles inward. Rowe.
This would have left a rankling wound in the hearts of the people.
Burke.

2. To produce a festering or inflamed effect; to cause a sore; --
used literally and figuratively; as, a splinter rankles in the flesh;
the words rankled in his bosom.

RANKLE
Ran"kle, v. t.

Defn: To cause to fester; to make sore; to inflame. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

RANKLY
Rank"ly, adv.

Defn: With rank or vigorous growth; luxuriantly; hence, coarsely;
grossly; as, weeds grow rankly.

RANKNESS
Rank"ness, n. Etym: [AS. rancness pride.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being rank.

RANNEL
Ran"nel, n.

Defn: A prostitute. [Obs.]

RANNY
Ran"ny, n. Etym: [L. araneus mus, a kind of small mouse.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The erd shrew. [Scot.]

RANSACK
Ran"sack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ransacked; p. pr. & vb. n. Ransacking.]
Etym: [OE. ransaken, Icel, rannsaka to explore, examine; rann a house
(akin to Goth. razn house, AS. ræsn plank, beam) + the root of sækja
to seek, akin to E. seek. See Seek, and cf. Rest repose.]

1. To search thoroughly; to search every place or part of; as, to
ransack a house.
To ransack every corner of their . . . hearts. South.

2. To plunder; to pillage completely.
Their vow is made To ransack Troy. Shak.

3. To violate; to ravish; to defiour. [Obs.]
Rich spoil of ransacked chastity. Spenser.

RANSACK
Ran"sack, v. i.

Defn: To make a thorough search.
To ransack in the tas [heap] of bodies dead. Chaucer.

RANSACK
Ran"sack, n.

Defn: The act of ransacking, or state of being ransacked; pillage.
[R.]
Even your father's house Shall not be free fromransack. J. Webster.

RANSOM
Ran"som, n. Etym: [OE. raunson, raunsoun, OF. rançon, raençon,
raançon, F. rançon, fr. L. redemptio, fr. redimere to redeem. See
Redeem, and cf. Redemption.]

1. The release of a captive, or of captive, or of captured property,
by payment of a consideration; redemption; as, prisoners hopeless of
ransom. Dryden.

2. The money or price paid for the redemption of a prisoner, or for
goods captured by an enemy; payment for freedom from restraint,
penalty, or forfeit.
Thy ransom paid, which man from death redeems. Milton.
His captivity in Austria, and the heavy ransom he paid for his
liberty. Sir J. Davies/.

3. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A sum paid for the pardon of some great offense and the
discharge of the offender; also, a fine paid in lieu of corporal
punishment. Blackstone. Ransom bill (Law), a war contract, valid by
the law of nations, for the ransom of property captured at sea and
its safe conduct into port. Kent.

RANSOM
Ran"som, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ransomed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ransoming.]
Etym: [Cf. F. rançonner. See Ransom, n.]

1. To redeem from captivity, servitude, punishment, or forfeit, by
paying a price; to buy out of servitude or penalty; to rescue; to
deliver; as, to ransom prisoners from an enemy.

2. To exact a ransom for, or a payment on. [R.]
Such lands as he had rule of he ransomed them so grievously, and
would tax the men two or three times in a year. Berners.

RANSOMABLE
Ran"som*a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be ransomed.

RANSOMER
Ran"som*er, n.

Defn: One who ransoms or redeems.

RANSOMLESS
Ran"som*less, a.

Defn: Incapable of being ransomed; without ransom. Shak.

RANT
Rant, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ranted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ranting.] Etym:
[OD. ranten, randen, to dote, to be enraged.]

Defn: To rave in violent, high-sounding, or extravagant language,
without dignity of thought; to be noisy, boisterous, and bombastic in
talk or declamation; as, a ranting preacher.
Look where my ranting host of the Garter comes! Shak.

RANT
Rant, n.

Defn: High-sounding language, without importance or dignity of
thought; boisterous, empty declamation; bombast; as, the rant of
fanatics.
This is a stoical rant, without any foundation in the nature of man
or reason of things. Atterbury.

RANTER
Rant"er, n.

1. A noisy talker; a raving declaimer.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)
(a) One of a religious sect which sprung up in 1645; -- called also
Seekers. See Seeker.
(b) One of the Primitive Methodists, who seceded from the Wesleyan
Methodists on the ground of their deficiency in fervor and zeal; --
so called in contempt.

RANTERISM
Rant"er*ism, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The practice or tenets of the Ranters.

RANTINGLY
Rant"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a ranting manner.

RANTIPOLE
Rant"i*pole, n. Etym: [Ranty + pole, poll, head.]

Defn: A wild, romping young person. [Low] Marrya

RANTIPOLE
Rant"i*pole, a.

Defn: Wild; roving; rakish. [Low]

RANTIPOLE
Rant"i*pole, v. i.

Defn: To act like a rantipole. [Low]
She used to rantipole about the house. Arbuthnot.

RANTISM
Rant"ism, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: Ranterism.

RANTY
Rant"y, a.

Defn: Wild; noisy; boisterous.

RANULA
Ran"u*la, n. Etym: [L., a little frog, a little swelling on the
tongue of cattle, dim. of rana a frog.] (Med.)

Defn: A cyst formed under the tongue by obstruction of the duct of
the submaxillary gland.

RANUNCULACEOUS
Ra*nun`cu*la"ceous, a. Etym: [See Ranunculus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Ranunculaceæ),
of which the buttercup is the type, and which includes also the
virgin's bower, the monkshood, larkspur, anemone, meadow rue, and
peony.

RANUNCULUS
Ra*nun`cu*lus, n.; pl. E. Ranunculuses, L. Ranunculi. Etym: [L., a
little frog, a medicinal plant, perhaps crowfoot, dim. of rana a
frog; cf. raccare to roar.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbs, mostly with yellow flowers, including
crowfoot, buttercups, and the cultivated ranunculi (R. Asiaticus, R.
aconitifolius, etc.) in which the flowers are double and of various
colors.

RANZ DES VACHES
Ranz" des` vaches". Etym: [F., the ranks or rows of cows, the name
being given from the fact that the cattle, when answering the musical
call of their keeper, move towards him in a row, preceded by those
wearing bells.]

Defn: The name for numerous simple, but very irregular, melodies of
the Swiss mountaineers, blown on a long tube called the Alpine horn,
and sometimes sung.

RAP
Rap, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A lay or skein containing 120 yards of yarn. Knight.

RAP
Rap, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Rapping.] Etym:
[Akin to Sw. rappa to strike, rapp stroke, Dan. rap, perhaps of
imitative origin.]

Defn: To strike with a quick, sharp blow; to knock; as, to rap on the
door.

RAP
Rap, v. t.

1. To strike with a quick blow; to knock on.
With one great peal they rap the door. Prior.

2. (Founding)

Defn: To free (a pattern) in a mold by light blows on the pattern, so
as to facilitate its removal.

RAP
Rap, n.

Defn: A quick, smart blow; a knock.

RAP
Rap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rapped, usually written Rapt; p. pr. & vb.
n. Rapping.] Etym: [OE. rapen; akin to LG. & D. rapen to snatch, G.
raffen, Sw. rappa; cf. Dan. rappe sig to make haste, and Icel. hrapa
to fall, to rush, hurry. The word has been confused with L. rapere to
seize. Cf. Rape robbery, Rapture, Raff, v., Ramp, v.]

1. To snatch away; to seize and hurry off.
And through the Greeks and Ilians they rapt The whirring chariot.
Chapman.
From Oxford I was rapt by my nephew, Sir Edmund Bacon, to Redgrove.
Sir H. Wotton.

2. To hasten. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

3. To seize and bear away, as the mind or thoughts; to transport out
of one's self; to affect with ecstasy or rapture; as, rapt into
admiration.
I'm rapt with joy to see my Marcia's tears. Addison.
Rapt into future times, the bard begun. Pope.

4. To exchange; to truck. [Obs. & Law] To rap and ren, To rap and
rend. Etym: [Perhaps fr. Icel. hrapa to hurry and ræna plunder, fr.
ran plunder, E. ran.] To seize and plunder; to snatch by violence.
Dryden. "[Ye] waste all that ye may rape and renne." Chaucer.
All they could rap and rend pilfer. Hudibras.
-- To rap out, to utter with sudden violence, as an oath.
A judge who rapped out a great oath. Addison.

RAP
Rap, n. Etym: [Perhaps contr. fr. raparee.]

Defn: A popular name for any of the tokens that passed current for a
half-penny in Ireland in the early part of the eighteenth century;
any coin of trifling value.
Many counterfeits passed about under the name of raps. Swift.
Tie it [her money] up so tight that you can't touch a rap,
save with her consent. Mrs. Alexander.
Not to care a rap, to care nothing.
 -- Not worth a rap, worth nothing.

RAPACES
Ra*pa"ces, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Rapacious.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Accipitres.

RAPACIOUS
Rapa"cious, a. Etym: [L. rapax, -acis, from rapere to seize and carry
off, to snatch away. See Rapid.]

1. Given to plunder; disposed or accustomed to seize by violence;
seizing by force. " The downfall of the rapacious and licentious
Knights Templar." Motley.

2. Accustomed to seize food; subsisting on prey, or animals seized by
violence,; as, a tiger is a rapacious animal; a rapacious bird.

3. Avaricious; grasping; extortionate; also, greedy; ravenous;
voracious; as, rapacious usurers; a rapacious appetite.
[Thy Lord] redeem thee from Death's rapacious claim Milton
.

Syn.
 -- Greedy; grasping; ravenous; voracious.
 -- Ra*pa"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Ra*pa"cious*ness, n.

RAPACITY
Ra*pac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. rapacitas: cf. F. rapacite. See Rapacious.]

1. The quality of being rapacious; rapaciousness; ravenousness; as,
the rapacity of pirates; the rapacity of wolves.

2. The act or practice of extorting or exacting by oppressive
injustice; exorbitant greediness of gain. "The rapacity of some
ages." Sprat.

RAPAREE
Rap`a*ree", n.

Defn: See Rapparee.

RAPE
Rape (rap), n. Etym: [F. râpe a grape stalk.]

1. Fruit, as grapes, plucked from the cluster. Ray.

2. The refuse stems and skins of grapes or raisins from which the
must has been expressed in wine making.

3. A filter containing the above refuse, used in clarifying and
perfecting malt, vinegar, etc. Rape wine, a poor, thin wine made from
the last dregs of pressed grapes.

RAPE
Rape, n. Etym: [Akin to rap to snatch, but confused with L. rapere.
See Rap to snatch.]

1. The act of seizing and carrying away by force; violent seizure;
robbery.
And ruined orphans of thy rapes complain. Sandys.

2. (Law)

Defn: Sexual connection with a woman without her consent. See Age of
consent, under Consent, n. statutory rape.

3. That which is snatched away. [Obs.]
Where now are all my hopes O, never more. Shall they revive! nor
death her rapes restore. Sandys.

4. Movement, as in snatching; haste; hurry. [Obs.] rape of the land
by mining companies.

RAPE
Rape, v. t.

Defn: To commit rape upon; to ravish. raped first by their assailant,
and then by the Justice system. Corresponds to 2nd rape, n. 5. To
rape and ren. See under Rap, v. t., to snatch.

RAPE
Rape, v. i.

Defn: To rob; to pillage. [Obs.] Heywood.

RAPE
Rape, n. Etym: [Icel. hreppr village, district; cf. Icel. hreppa to
catch, obtain, AS. hrepian, hreppan, to touch.]

Defn: One of six divisions of the county of Sussex, England,
intermediate between a hundred and a shire.

RAPE
Rape, n. Etym: [L. rapa, rapum, akin to Gr. rübe.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to a variety or to varieties of a plant of the
turnip kind, grown for seeds and herbage. The seeds are used for the
production of rape oil, and to a limited extent for the food of cage
birds.

Note: These plants, with the edible turnip, have been variously
named, but are all now believed to be derived from the Brassica
campestris of Europe, which by some is not considered distinct from
the wild stock (B. oleracea) of the cabbage. See Cole. Broom rape.
(Bot.) See Broom rape, in the Vocabulary.
 -- Rape cake, the refuse remaining after the oil has been expressed
from the seed.
 -- Rape root. Same as Rape.
 -- Summer rape. (Bot.) See Colza.

RAPEFUL
Rape"ful, a.

1. Violent. [Obs.]

2. Given to the commission of rape. Byron.

RAPFULLY
Rap"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: Violently. [Obs.]

RAPHAELESQUE
Raph`a*el*esque", a.

Defn: Like Raphael's works; in Raphael's manner of painting.

RAPHAELISM
Raph"a*el*ism, n.

Defn: The principles of painting introduced by Raphael, the Italian
painter.

RAPHAELITE
Raph"a*el*ite, n.

Defn: One who advocates or adopts the principles of Raphaelism.

RAPHANY
Raph"a*ny, n. Etym: [Cf. F. raphanie.] (Med.)

Defn: A convulsive disease, attended with ravenous hunger, not
uncommon in Sweden and Germany. It was so called because supposed to
be caused by eating corn with which seeds of jointed charlock
(Raphanus raphanistrum) had been mixed, but the condition is now
known to be a form of ergotism.

RAPHE
Ra"phe (ra"fe), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A line, ridge, furrow, or band of fibers, especially in the
median line; as, the raphe of the tongue.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Rhaph.

RAPHIDES
Raph"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [F. raphide.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Rhaphides.

RAPID
Rap"id, a. Etym: [L. rapidus, fr. rapere to seize and carry off, to
snatch or hurry away; perhaps akin to Gr. rapide. Cf. Harpy, Ravish.]

1. Very swift or quick; moving with celerity; fast; as, a rapid
stream; a rapid flight; a rapid motion.
Ascend my chariot; guide the rapid wheels. Milton.

2. Advancing with haste or speed; speedy in progression; in quick
sequence; as, rapid growth; rapid improvement; rapid recurrence;
rapid succession.

3. Quick in execution; as, a rapid penman.

RAPID
Rap"id, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rapide. See Rapid, a.]

Defn: The part of a river where the current moves with great
swiftness, but without actual waterfall or cascade; -- usually in the
plural; as, the Lachine rapids in the St. Lawrence.
Row, brothers, row the stream runs fast, The rapids are near, and the
daylight's past. Moore.

RAPID-FIRE; RAPID-FIRING
Rap"id-fire`, Rap"id-fir`ing, a.
 (a) (Gun.) Firing shots in rapid succession.
 (b) (Ordnance) Capable of being fired rapidly; -- applied to single-
barreled guns of greater caliber than small arms, mounted so as to be
quickly trained and elevated, with a quick-acting breech mechanism
operated by a single motion of a crank or lever (abbr. R. F.);
specif.: (1)

Defn: In the United States navy, designating such a gun using fixed
ammunition or metallic cartridge cases; -- distinguished from breech-
loading (abbr. B. L.), applied to all guns loading with the charge in
bags, and formerly from quick-fire. Rapid-fire guns in the navy also
sometimes include automatic or semiautomatic rapid-fire guns; the
former being automatic guns of not less than one inch caliber, firing
a shell of not less than one pound weight, the explosion of each
cartridge operating the mechanism for ejecting the empty shell,
loading, and firing the next shot, the latter being guns that require
one operation of the hand at each discharge, to load the gun. (2)

Defn: In the United States army, designating such a gun, whether
using fixed or separate ammunition, designed chiefly for use in coast
batteries against torpedo vessels and the lightly armored batteries
or other war vessels and for the protection of defensive mine fields;
-- not distinguished from quick-fire. (3)

Defn: In Great Britain and Europe used, rarely, as synonymous with
quick-fire.

RAPID-FIRE MOUNT
Rapid-fire mount. (Ordnance)

Defn: A mount permitting easy and quick elevation or depression and
training of the gun, and fitting with a device for taking up the
recoil.

RAPIDITY
Ra*pid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. rapiditas: cf. F. rapidité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being rapid; swiftness; celerity;
velocity; as, the rapidity of growth or improvement.

Syn.
 -- -- Rapidness; haste; speed; celerity; velocity; swiftness;
fleetness; quickness; agility.

RAPIDLY
Rap"id*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rapid manner.

RAPIDNESS
Rap"id*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being rapid; rapidity.

RAPIER
Ra"pi*er, n. Etym: [F. rapière, perhaps for raspière, and ultimately
of German origin, akin to E. rasp, v.]

Defn: A straight sword, with a narrow and finely pointed blade, used
only for thrusting. Rapier fish (Zoöl.), the swordfish. [Obs.] Grew.

RAPIERED
Ra"pi*ered, a.

Defn: Wearing a rapier. "Scarletcoated, rapiered figures." Lowell.

RAPILLI
Ra*pil"li, n. pl. Etym: [It.] (Min.)

Defn: Lapilli.

RAPINE
Rap"ine, n. Etym: [F. rapine; cf. Pr. & It. rapina; all fr. L.
rapina, fr. rapere to seize and carry off by force. See Rapid, and
cf. Raven rapine.]

1. The act of plundering; the seizing and carrying away of things by
force; spoliation; pillage; plunder.
Men who were impelled to war quite as much by the desire of rapine as
by the desire of glory. Macaulay.

2. Ravishment; rape. [Obs.] Shak.

RAPINE
Rap"ine, v. t.

Defn: To plunder. Sir G. Buck.

RAPINOUS
Rap"i*nous, a.

Defn: Given to rapine. [Obs.]

RAPPAGE
Rap"page, n. (Founding)

Defn: The enlargement of a molt caused by rapping the pattern.

RAPPAREE
Rap`pa*ree", n.

Defn: A wild Irish plunderer, esp. one of the 17th century; -- so
called from his carrying a half-pike, called a rapary. [Written also
raparee.]

RAPPED
Rapped (râpt),

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Rap, to strike.

RAPPED
Rapped,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Rap, to snatch away.

RAPPEE
Rap*pee", n. Etym: [F. râpé, fr. râper to grate, to rasp. See Rasp,
v.]

Defn: A pungent kind of snuff made from the darker and ranker kinds
of tobacco leaves.

RAPPEL
Rap"pel, n. Etym: [F. Cf. Repeal.] (Mil.)

Defn: The beat of the drum to call soldiers to arms.

RAPPER
Rap"per, n. Etym: [From Rap.]

1. One who, or that which, raps or knocks; specifically, the knocker
of a door. Sterne.

2. A forcible oath or lie. [Slang] Bp. Parker.

RAPPORT
Rap*port", n. Etym: [F., fr. rapporter to bring again or back, to
refer; pref. re- re- + apporter to bring, L. apporter to bring, L.
apportare. Cf. Report.]

Defn: Relation; proportion; conformity; correspondence; accord.
'T is obvious what rapport there is between the conceptions and
languages in every country. Sir W. Temple.
En` rap`port" ( Etym: [F.], in accord, harmony, or sympathy; having a
mutual, especially a private, understanding; in mesmerism, in that
relation of sympathy which permits influence or communication.

RAPPROCHEMENT
Rap`proche`ment", n. [F., fr. rapprocher to cause to approach again.
See Re-; Approach.]

Defn: Act or fact of coming or being drawn near or together;
establishment or state of cordial relations.

He had witnessed the gradual rapprochement between the papacy and
Austria.
Wilfrid Ward.

RAPSCALLION
Rap*scal"lion, n. Etym: [See Rascallion.]

Defn: A rascal; a good-for-nothing fellow. [Colloq.] Howitt.

RAPT
Rapt,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Rap, to snatch away.

RAPT
Rapt, a.

1. Snatched away; hurried away or along.
Waters rapt with whirling away. Spenser.

2. Transported with love, admiration, delight, etc.; enraptured. "The
rapt musician." Longfellow. 3. Wholly absorbed or engrossed, as in
work or meditation. "Rapt in secret studies." Shak.

RAPT
Rapt, n. Etym: [From F. rapt abduction, rape, L. raptus, fr. rapere
to seize and carry off, to transport; or fr. E. rapt, a. See Rapt,
a., and Rapid.]

1. An ecstasy; a trance. [Obs.] Bp. Morton.

2. Rapidity. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

RAPT
Rapt, v. i.

1. To transport or ravish. [Obs.] Drayton.

2. To carry away by force. [Obs.] Daniel.

RAPTER
Rap"ter, n.

Defn: A raptor. [Obs.] Drayton.

RAPTOR
Rap"tor, n. Etym: [L. raptor, from rapere to ravish. See Rapid.]

Defn: A ravisher; a plunderer. [Obs.]

RAPTORES
Rap*to"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Raptor.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Accipitres. Called also Raptatores.

RAPTORIAL
Rap*to"ri*al, a. (Zoöl.)
(a) Rapacious; living upon prey; -- said especially of certain birds.
(b) Adapted for seizing prey; -- said of the legs, claws, etc., of
insects, birds, and other animals.
(c) Of or pertaining to the Raptores. See Illust. (f) of Aves.

RAPTORIOUS
Rap*to"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. raptorius.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Raptorial.

RAPTURE
Rap"ture, n. Etym: [L. rapere, raptum, to carry off by force. See
Rapid.]

1. A seizing by violence; a hurrying along; rapidity with violence.
[Obs.]
That 'gainst a rock, or flat, her keel did dash With headlong
rapture. Chapman.

2. The state or condition of being rapt, or carried away from one's
self by agreeable excitement; violence of a pleasing passion; extreme
joy or pleasure; ecstasy.
Music, when thus applied, raises in the mind of the hearer great
conceptions; it strengthens devotion, and advances praise into
rapture. Addison.
You grow correct that once with rapture writ. Pope.

3. A spasm; a fit; a syncope; delirium. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- Bliss; ecstasy; transport; delight; exultation.

RAPTURE
Rap"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raptured; p. pr. & vb. n. Rapturing.]

Defn: To transport with excitement; to enrapture. [Poetic] Thomson.

RAPTURIST
Rap"tur*ist, n.

Defn: An enthusiast. [Obs.] J. Spencer.

RAPTURIZE
Rap"tur*ize, v. i. & i.

Defn: To put, or be put, in a state of rapture. [R.]

RAPTUROUS
Rap"tur*ous, a.

Defn: Ecstatic; transporting; ravishing; feeling, expressing, or
manifesting rapture; as, rapturous joy, pleasure, or delight;
rapturous applause.

RAPTUROUSLY
Rap"tur*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rapturous manner.

RARE
Rare, a. Etym: [Cf. Rather, Rath.]

Defn: Early. [Obs.]
Rude mechanicals that rare and late Work in the market place.
Chapman.

RARE
Rare, a. [Compar. Rarer; superl. Rarest.] Etym: [Cf. AS. hrer, or E.
rare early.]

Defn: Nearly raw; partially cooked; not thoroughly cooked; underdone;
as, rare beef or mutton.
New-laid eggs, which Baucis' busy care Turned by a gentle fire, and
roasted rare. Dryden.

Note: This word is in common use in the United States, but in England
its synonym underdone is preferred.

RARE
Rare, a. [Compar. Rarer; superl. Rarest.] Etym: [F., fr. L. rarus
thin, rare.]

1. Not frequent; seldom met with or occurring; unusual; as, a rare
event.

2. Of an uncommon nature; unusually excellent; valuable to a degree
seldom found.
Rare work, all filled with terror and delight. Cowley.
Above the rest I judge one beauty rare. Dryden.

3. Thinly scattered; dispersed.
Those rare and solitary, three in flocks. Milton.

4. Characterized by wide separation of parts; of loose texture; not
thick or dense; thin; as, a rare atmosphere at high elevations.
Water is nineteen times lighter, and by consequence nineteen times
rarer, than gold. Sir I. Newton.

Syn.
 -- Scarce; infrequent; unusual; uncommon; singular; extraordinary;
incomparable.
 -- Rare, Scarce. We call a thing rare when but few examples,
specimens, or instances of it are ever to be met with; as, a rare
plant. We speak of a thing as scarce, which, though usually abundant,
is for the time being to be had only in diminished quantities; as, a
bad harvest makes corn scarce.
A perfect union of wit and judgment is one of the rarest things in
the world. Burke.
When any particular piece of money grew very scarce, it was often
recoined by a succeeding emperor. Addison.

RAREBIT
Rare"bit, n.

Defn: A dainty morsel; a Welsh rabbit. See Welsh rabbit, under
Rabbit.

RAREE-SHOW
Rar"ee-show`, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. rarity-show.]

Defn: A show carried about in a box; a peep show. Pope.

RAREFACTION
Rar`e*fac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. raréfaction. See Rarefy.]

Defn: The act or process of rarefying; the state of being rarefied; -
- opposed to condensation; as, the rarefaction of air.

RAREFIABLE
Rar"e*fi`a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. raréfiable.]

Defn: Capable of being rarefied. Boyle.

RAREFY
Rar"e*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rarefied; p. pr. & vb. n. Rarefying.]
Etym: [F. raréfier; L. rarus rare + -ficare (in comp.) to make; cf.
L. rarefacere. See -fy.]

Defn: To make rare, thin, porous, or less dense; to expand or enlarge
without adding any new portion of matter to; -- opposed to condense.

RAREFY
Rar"e*fy, v. i.

Defn: To become less dense; to become thin and porous. "Earth
rarefies to dew." Dryden.

RARELY
Rare"ly, adv.

1. In a rare manner or degree; seldom; not often; as, things rarely
seen.

2. Finely; excellently; with rare skill. See 3d Rare, 2.
The person who played so rarely on the flageolet. Sir W. Scott.
The rest of the spartments are rarely gilded. Evelyn.

RARENESS
Rare"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being rare.
And let the rareness the small gift commend. Dryden.

RARERIPE
Rare"ripe`, a. Etym: [Rare early + ripe. Cf. Rathripe.]

Defn: Early ripe; ripe before others, or before the usual season.

RARERIPE
Rare"ripe`, n.

Defn: An early ripening fruit, especially a kind of freestone peach.

RARIFICATION
Rar`i*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: See Rarefaction. [R.] Am. Chem. Journal.

RARITY
Rar"i*ty, n.; pl. Rarities. Etym: [L. raritas: cf. F. rareté. See
Rare.]

1. The quality or state of being rare; rareness; thinness; as, the
rarity (contrasted with the density) of gases.

2. That which is rare; an uncommon thing; a thing valued for its
scarcity.
I saw three rarities of different kinds, which pleased me more than
any other shows in the place. Addison.

RAS
Ras, n.

Defn: See 2d Reis.

RASANTE
Ra`sante", a. Etym: [F., p. pr. of raser to graze.] (Fort.)

Defn: Sweeping; grazing; -- applied to a style of fortification in
which the command of the works over each other, and over the country,
is kept very low, in order that the shot may more effectually sweep
or graze the ground before them. H. L. Scott.

RASCAL
Ras"cal, n. Etym: [OE. rascaille rabble, probably from an OF.
racaille, F. racaille the rabble, rubbish, probably akin to F. racler
to scrape, (assumed) LL. rasiculare, rasicare, fr. L. radere, rasum.
See Rase, v.]

1. One of the rabble; a low, common sort of person or creature;
collectively, the rabble; the common herd; also, a lean, ill-
conditioned beast, esp. a deer. [Obs.]
He smote of the people seventy men, and fifty thousand of the rascal.
Wyclif (1 Kings [1 Samuel] vi. 19).
Poor men alone No, no; the noblest deer hath them [horns] as huge as
the rascal. Shak.

2. A mean, trickish fellow; a base, dishonest person; a rogue; a
scoundrel; a trickster.
For I have sense to serve my turn in store, And he's a rascal who
pretends to more. Dryden.

RASCAL
Ras`cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the common herd or common people; low;
mean; base. "The rascal many." Spencer. "The rascal people." Shak.
While she called me rascal fiddler. Shak.

RASCALDOM
Ras"cal*dom, n.

Defn: State of being a rascal; rascality; domain of rascals; rascals,
collectively. Emerson.

RASCALESS
Ras"cal*ess, n.

Defn: A female rascal. [Humorous]

RASCALITY
Ras*cal`i*ty, n.; pl. Rascalities (

1. The quality or state of being rascally, or a rascal; mean
trickishness or dishonesty; base fraud.

2. The poorer and lower classes of people.[Obs.]
The chief heads of their clans with their several rascalities T.
Jackson.

RASCALLION
Ras*cal"lion, n. Etym: [From Rascal]

Defn: A low, mean wretch [Written also rascalion.]

RASCALLY
Ras"cal*ly, a.

Defn: Like a rascal; trickish or dishonest; base; worthless; -- often
in humorous disparagement, without implication of dishonesty.
Our rascally porter is fallen fast asleep. Swift.

RASE
Rase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rased; p. pr. & vb. n. Rasing.] Etym: [F.
raser, LL. rasare to scrape often, v. freq. fr. L. radere, rasum, to
scrape, shave; cf. Skr. rad to scratch, gnaw, L. rodere to gnaw. Cf.
Raze, Razee, Razor, Rodent.]

1. To rub along the surface of; to graze.[Obsoles.]
Was he not in the . . . neighborhood to death and might not the
bullet which rased his cheek have gone into his head South.
Sometimes his feet rased the surface of water, and at others the
skylight almost flattened his nose. Beckford.

2. To rub or scratch out; to erase. [Obsoles.]
Except we rase the faculty of memory, root and branch, out of our
mind. Fuller.

3. To level with the ground; to overthrow; to destroy; to raze. [In
this sense rase is generally used.]
Till Troy were by their brave hands rased, They would not turn home.
Chapman.

Note: This word, rase, may be considered as nearly obsolete; graze,
erase, and raze, having superseded it. Rasing iron, a tool for
removing old oakum and pitch from the seams of a vessel.

Syn.
 -- To erase; efface; obliterate; expunge; cancel; level; prostrate;
overthrow; subvert; destroy; demolish; ruin.

RASE
Rase, v. i.

Defn: To be leveled with the ground; to fall; to suffer overthrow.
[Obs.]

RASE
Rase, n.

1. A scratching out, or erasure. [Obs.]

2. A slight wound; a scratch. [Obs.] Hooker.

3. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A way of measuring in which the commodity measured was made
even with the top of the measuring vessel by rasing, or striking off,
all that was above it. Burrill.

RASH
Rash, v. t. Etym: [For arace]

1. To pull off or pluck violently. [Obs.]

2. To slash; to hack; to slice. [Obs.]
Rushing of helms and riving plates asunder. Spenser.

RASH
Rash, n. Etym: [OF. rashe an eruption, scurf, F. rache; fr. (assumed)
LL. rasicare to scratch, fr. L. radere, rasum, to scrape, scratch,
shave. See Rase, and cf. Rascal.] (Med.)

Defn: A fine eruption or efflorescence on the body, with little or no
elevation. Canker rash. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Nettle rash. See Urticaria.
 -- Rose rash. See Roseola.
 -- Tooth rash. See Red-gum.

RASH
Rash, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ras short-nap cloth, It. & Sp. raso satin (cf.
Rase); or cf. It. rascia serge, G. rasch, probably fr. Arras in
France (cf. Arras).]

Defn: An inferior kind of silk, or mixture of silk and worsted.
[Obs.] Donne.

RASH
Rash, a. [Compar. Rasher; superl. Rashest.] Etym: [Probably of Scand.
origin; cf. Dan. & Sw. rask quick, brisk, rash, Icel. röskr vigorous,
brave, akin to D. & G. rasch quick, of uncertain origin.]

1. Sudden in action; quick; hasty. [Obs.] "Strong as aconitum or rash
gunpowder." Shak.

2. Requiring sudden action; pressing; urgent. [Obs.]
I scarce have leisure to salute you, My matter is so rash. Shak.

3. Esp., overhasty in counsel or action; precipitate; resolving or
entering on a project or measure without due deliberation and
caution; opposed to prudent; said of persons; as, a rash statesman or
commander.

4. Uttered or undertaken with too much haste or too little
reflection; as, rash words; rash measures.

5. So dry as to fall out of the ear with handling, as corn. [Prov.
Eng.]

Syn.
 -- Precipitate; headlong; headstrong; foolhardy; hasty; indiscreet;
heedless; thoughtless; incautious; careless; inconsiderate; unwary.
 -- Rash, Adventurous, Foolhardy. A man is adventurous who incurs
risk or hazard from a love of the arduous and the bold. A man is rash
who does it from the mere impulse of his feelings, without counting
the cost. A man is foolhardy who throws himself into danger in
disregard or defiance of the consequences.
Was never known a more adventurous knight. Dryden.
Her rush hand in evil hour Forth reaching to the fruit, she plucked,
she eat. Milton.
If any yet to be foolhardy To expose themselves to vain jeopardy; If
they come wounded off, and lame, No honors got by such a maim.
Hudibras.

RASH
Rash, v. t.

Defn: To prepare with haste. [Obs.] Foxe.

RASHER
Rash"er, n. Etym: [In sense 1, probably fr. rash, a., as being
hastily cooked.]

1. A thin slice of bacon.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A California rockfish (Sebastichthys miniatus).

RASHFUL
Rash"ful, a.

Defn: Rash; hasty; precipitate. [Obs.]

RASHLING
Rash"ling, n.

Defn: A rash person. [Obs.]

RASHLY
Rash"ly, adv.

Defn: In a rush manner; with precipitation.
He that doth anything rashly, must do it willingly; for he was free
to deliberate or not. L'Estrange.

RASHNESS
Rash"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of state of being rash.
We offend . . . by rashness, which is an affirming or denying, before
we have sufficiently informed ourselves. South.

Syn.
 -- Temerity; foolhardiness; precipitancy; precipitation; hastiness;
indiscretion; heedlessness; inconsideration; carelessness. See
Temerity.

RASKOLNIK
Ras*kol"nik, n. Etym: [Russ. rascolenik' schismatic, heretic.]
(Eccl.)

Defn: One of the separatists or dissenters from the established or
Greek church in Russia. [Written also rascolnik.]

RASORES
Ra*so`res, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. radere, rasum, to scratch. See
Rase, v. t.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of birds; the Gallinæ.

Note: Formely, the word Rasores was used in a wider sense, so as to
include other birds now widely separated in classification.

RASORIAL
Ra*so"ri*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Rasores, or gallinaceous birds, as the
peacock, domestic fowl, patridge, and the like.

RASOUR
Ra"sour, n.

Defn: Rasor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RASP
Rasp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rasped; p. pr. & vb. n. Rasping.] Etym:
[OF. rasper, F. râper, to scrape, grate, rasp, fr. OHG. raspon to
scrape together, to collect, probably akin to E. rap. Cf. Rap to
snatch.]

1. To rub or file with a rasp; to rub or grate with a rough file; as,
to rasp wood to make it smooth; to rasp bones to powder.

2. Hence, figuratively: To grate harshly upon; to offend by coarse or
rough treatment or language; as, some sounds rasp the ear; his
insults rasped my temper.

RASP
Rasp, n. Etym: [OE. raspe, OF. raspe, F. râpe. See Rasp, v.]

1. A coarse file, on which the cutting prominences are distinct
points raised by the oblique stroke of a sharp punch, instead of
lines raised by a chisel, as on the true file.

2. The raspberry. [Obs.] "Set sorrel amongst rasps, and the rasps
will be smaller." Bacon. Rasp palm (Bot.), a Brazilian palm tree
(Iriartea exorhiza) which has strong aërial roots like a screw pine.
The roots have a hard, rough surface, and are used by the natives for
graters and rasps, whence the common name.

RASPATORIUM
Ras`pa*to"ri*um, n. Etym: [LL.]

Defn: See Raspatory.

RASPATORY
Rasp"a*to*ry, n. Etym: [LL. raspatorium: cf. F. raspatoir. See Rasp,
v.]

Defn: A surgeon's rasp. Wiseman.

RASPBERRY
Rasp"ber*ry, n, Etym: [From E. rasp, in allusion to the apparent
roughness of the fruit.] (Bot.)
(a) The thimble-shaped fruit of the Rubus Idæus and other similar
brambles; as, the black, the red and the white raspberry.
(b) The shrub bearing this fruit.

Note: Technically, raspberries are those brambles in which the fruit
separates readily from the core or receptacle, in this differing from
the blackberries, in which the fruit is firmly attached to the
receptacle.

RASPER
Rasp"er, n.

Defn: One who, or which, rasps; a scraper.

RASPIS
Ras"pis, n.

Defn: The raspberry. [Obs.] Langham.

RASPY
Rasp"y, a.

Defn: Like a rasp, or the sound made by a rasp; grating. R. D.
Blackmore.

RASSE
Rasse, n. Etym: [Cf. Malay rasa taste, sensation.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carnivore (Viverricula Mallaccensis) allied to the civet but
smaller, native of China and the East Indies. It furnishes a perfume
resembling that of the civet, which is highly prized by the Javanese.
Called also Malacca weasel, and lesser civet.

RASURE
Ra"sure, n. Etym: [L. rasura, fr. radere, rasum, to scrape, to shave.
See Rase, v.]

1. The act of rasing, scraping, or erasing; erasure; obliteration.

2. A mark by which a letter, word, or any part of a writing or print,
is erased, effaced, or obliterated; an erasure. Ayliffe.

RAT
Rat, n. Etym: [AS. ræt; akin to D. rat, OHG. rato, ratta, G. ratte,
ratze, OLG. ratta, LG. & Dan. rotte, Sw. råtta, F. rat, Ir. & Gael
radan, Armor. raz, of unknown origin. Cf. Raccoon.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the several species of small rodents of the genus Mus
and allied genera, larger than mice, that infest houses, stores, and
ships, especially the Norway, or brown, rat (M. Alexandrinus). These
were introduced into Anerica from the Old World.

2. A round and tapering mass of hair, or similar material, used by
women to support the puffs and rolls of their natural hair. [Local,
U.S.]

3. One who deserts his party or associates; hence, in the trades, one
who works for lower wages than those prescribed by a trades union.
[Cant]

Note: "It so chanced that, not long after the accession of the house
of Hanover, some of the brown, that is the German or Norway, rats,
were first brought over to this country (in some timber as is said);
and being much stronger than the black, or, till then, the common,
rats, they in many places quite extirpated the latter. The word (both
the noun and the verb to rat) was first, as we have seen, leveled at
the converts to the government of George the First, but has by
degrees obtained a wide meaning, and come to be applied to any sudden
and mercenary change in politics." Lord Mahon. Bamboo rat (Zoöl.),
any Indian rodent of the genus Rhizomys.
 -- Beaver rat, Coast rat. (Zoöl.) See under Beaver and Coast.
 -- Blind rat (Zoöl.), the mole rat.
 -- Cotton rat (Zoöl.), a long-haired rat (Sigmodon hispidus), native
of the Southern United States and Mexico. It makes its nest of cotton
and is often injurious to the crop.
 -- Ground rat. See Ground Pig, under Ground.
 -- Hedgehog rat. See under Hedgehog.
 -- Kangaroo rat (Zoöl.), the potoroo.
 -- Norway rat (Zoöl.), the common brown rat. See Rat.
 -- Pouched rat. (Zoöl.) (a) See Pocket Gopher, under Pocket. (b) Any
African rodent of the genus Cricetomys. Rat Indians (Ethnol.), a
tribe of Indians dwelling near Fort Ukon, Alaska. They belong to
Athabascan stock.
 -- Rat mole. (Zoöl.) See Mole rat, under Mole.
 -- Rat pit, an inclosed space into which rats are put to be killed
by a dog for sport.
 -- Rat snake (Zoöl.), a large colubrine snake (Ptyas mucosus) very
common in India and Ceylon. It enters dwellings, and destroys rats,
chickens, etc.
 -- Spiny rat (Zoöl.), any South America rodent of the genus
Echinomys.
 -- To smell a rat. See under Smell.
 -- Wood rat (Zoöl.), any American rat of the genus Neotoma,
especially N. Floridana, common in the Southern United States. Its
feet and belly are white.

RAT
Rat, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ratted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ratting.]

1. In English politics, to desert one's party from interested
motives; to forsake one's associates for one's own advantage; in the
trades, to work for less wages, or on other conditions, than those
established by a trades union.
Coleridge . . . incurred the reproach of having ratted, solely by his
inability to follow the friends of his early days. De Quincey.

2. To catch or kill rats.

RATA
Ra"ta, n. Etym: [Maori.] (Bot.)

Defn: A New Zealand forest tree (Metrosideros robusta), also, its
hard dark red wood, used by the Maoris for paddles and war clubs.

RATABILITY
Rat`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being ratable.

RATABLE
Rat"a*ble, a.

1. Capable of being rated, or set at a certain value.
Twenty oræ were ratable to [at] two marks of silver. Camden.

2. Liable to, or subjected by law to, taxation; as, ratable estate.

3. Made at a proportionate rate; as, ratable payments.
 -- Rat"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Rat"a*bly, adv.

RATAFIA
Rat`a*fi"a, n. Etym: [F., fr. Malay arak arrack + tafia a spirit
distilled from molasses.]

Defn: A spirituous liquor flavored with the kernels of cherries,
apricots, peaches, or other fruit, spiced, and sweetened with sugar;
-- a term applied to the liqueurs called noyau, curaçao, etc.
[Written also ratifia and ratafee.]

RATAN
Ra*tan", n.

Defn: See Rattan.

RATANY
Rat"a*ny, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Rhatany.

RATAPLAN
Ra`ta`plan", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The iterative sound of beating a drum, or of a galloping horse.

RATCH
Ratch, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Rotche.

RATCH
Ratch, n. Etym: [See Rack the instrument, Ratchet.]

Defn: A ratchet wheel, or notched bar, with which a pawl or chick
works.

RATCHEL
Ratch"el, n.

Defn: Gravelly stone. [Prov. Eng.]

RATCHET
Ratch"et, n. Etym: [Properly a diminutive from the same word as rack:
cf. F. rochet. See 2d Ratch, Rack the instrument.]

1. A pawl, click, or detent, for holding or propelling a ratchet
wheel, or ratch, etc.

2. A mechanism composed of a ratchet wheel, or ratch, and pawl. See
Ratchet wheel, below, and 2d Ratch. Ratchet brace (Mech.), a boring
brace, having a ratchet wheel and pawl for rotating the tool by back
and forth movements of the brace handle.
 -- Ratchet drill, a portable machine for working a drill by hand,
consisting of a hand lever carrying at one end a drill holder which
is revolved by means of a ratchet wheel and pawl, by swinging the
lever back and forth.
 -- Ratchet wheel (Mach.), a circular wheel having teeth, usually
angular, with which a reciprocating pawl engages to turn the wheel
forward, or a stationary pawl to hold it from turning backward.

Note: In the cut, the moving pawl c slides over the teeth in one
direction, but in returning, draws the wheel with it, while the pawl
d prevents it from turning in the contrary direction.

RATE
Rate, v. t. & i. Etym: [Perh. fr. E. rate, v. t., to value at a
certain rate, to estimate, but more prob. fr. Sw. rata to find fault,
to blame, to despise, to hold cheap; cf. Icel. hrat refuse, hrati
rubbish.]

Defn: To chide with vehemence; to scold; to censure violently.
Spencer.
Go, rate thy minions, proud, insulting boy! Shak.
Conscience is a check to beginners in sin, reclaiming them from it,
and rating them for it. Barrow.

RATE
Rate, n. Etym: [OF., fr. L. rata (sc. pars), fr. ratus reckoned,
fixed by calculation, p. p. of reri to reckon, to calculate. Cf.
Reason.]

1. Established portion or measure; fixed allowance.
The one right feeble through the evil rate, Of food which in her
duress she had found. Spenser.

2. That which is established as a measure or criterion; degree;
standard; rank; proportion; ratio; as, a slow rate of movement; rate
of interest is the ratio of the interest to the principal, per annum.
Heretofore the rate and standard of wit was different from what it is
nowadays. South.
In this did his holiness and godliness appear above the rate and
pitch of other men's, in that he was so . . . merciful. Calamy.
Many of the horse could not march at that rate, nor come up soon
enough. Clarendon.

3. Variation; prise fixed with relation to a standard; cost; charge;
as, high or low rates of transportation.
They come at dear rates from Japan. Locke.

4. A tax or sum assessed by authority on property for public use,
according to its income or value; esp., in England, a local tax; as,
parish rates; town rates.

5. Order; arrangement. [Obs.]
Thus sat they all around in seemly rate. Spenser.

6. Ratification; approval. [R.] Chapman.

7. (Horol.)

Defn: The gain or loss of a timepiece in a unit of time; as, daily
rate; hourly rate; etc.

8. (Naut.)
(a) The order or class to which a war vessel belongs, determined
according to its size, armament, etc.; as, first rate, second rate,
etc.
(b) The class of a merchant vessel for marine insurance, determined
by its relative safety as a risk, as A1, A2, etc.

RATE
Rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rated; p. pr. & vb. n. Rating.]

1. To set a certain estimate on; to value at a certain price or
degree.
To rate a man by the nature of his companions is a rule frequent
indeed, but not infallible. South.
You seem not high enough your joys to rate. Dryden.

2. To assess for the payment of a rate or tax.

3. To settle the relative scale, rank, position, amount, value, or
quality of; as, to rate a ship; to rate a seaman; to rate a pension.

4. To ratify. [Obs.] "To rate the truce." Chapman. To rate a
chronometer, to ascertain the exact rate of its gain or loss as
compared with true time, so as to make an allowance or computation
depended thereon.

Syn.
 -- To value; appraise; estimate; reckon.

RATE
Rate, v. i.

1. To be set or considered in a class; to have rank; as, the ship
rates as a ship of the line.

2. To make an estimate.

RATEABLE
Rate"a*ble, a.

Defn: See Ratable.

RATEL
Ra"tel, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any carnivore of the genus Mellivora, allied to the weasels and
the skunks; -- called also honey badger.

Note: Several species are known in Africa and India. The Cape ratel
(M. Capensis) and the Indian ratel (M. Indica) are the best known.
The back is gray; the lower parts, face, and tail are black. They are
fond of honey, and rob the nests of wild bees.

RATEPAYER
Rate"pay`er, n.

Defn: One who pays rates or taxes.

RATER
Rat"er, n.

Defn: One who rates or estimates.

RATER
Rat"er, n.

Defn: One who rates or scolds.

RATFISH
Rat"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Rat-tail.

RATH
Rath, n. Etym: [Ir. rath.]

1. A hill or mound. [Ireland] Spencer.

2. A kind of ancient fortification found in Ireland.

RATH; RATHE
Rath, Rathe, a. Etym: [AS. hræ\'eb, hræd, quick, akin to OHG. hrad,
Icel. hrathr.]

Defn: Coming before others, or before the usual time; early. [Obs. or
Poetic]
Bring the rathe primrose that forsaken dies. Milton.

RATH; RATHE
Rath, Rathe, adv.

Defn: Early; soon; betimes. [Obs. or Poetic]
Why rise ye up so rathe Chaucer.
Too rathe cut off by practice criminal. Spencer.

RATHER
Rath"er, a. Etym: [Compar. of Rath, a.]

Defn: Prior; earlier; former. [Obs.]
Now no man dwelleth at the rather town. Sir J. Mandeville.

RATHER
Rath"er, adv. Etym: [AS. hrathor, compar. of hrathe, hræ\'ebe,
quickly, immediately. See Rath, a.]

1. Earlier; sooner; before. [Obs.]
Thou shalt, quod he, be rather false than I. Chaucer.
A good mean to come the rather to grace. Foxe.

2. More readily or willingly; preferably.
My soul chooseth . . . death rather than my life. Job vii. 15.

3. On the other hand; to the contrary of what was said or suggested;
instead.
Was nothing bettered, but rather grew worse. Mark v. 26.

4. Of two alternatives conceived of, by preference to, or as more
likely than, the other; somewhat.
He sought throughout the world, but sought in vain, And nowhere
finding, rather feared her slain. Dryden.

5. More properly; more correctly speaking.
This is an art Which does mend nature, change it rather, but The art
itself is nature. Shak.

6. In some degree; somewhat; as, the day is rather warm; the house is
rather damp. The rather, the more so; especially; for better reason;
for particular cause.
You are come to me in happy time, The rather for I have some sport in
hand. Shak.
-- Had rather, or Would rather, prefer to; prefers to; as, he had, or
would, rather go than stay. "I had rather speak five words with my
understanding than ten thousands words in an unknown tongue." 1 Cor.
xiv. 19. See Had rather, under Had.

RATHRIPE
Rath"ripe`, a.

Defn: Rareripe, or early ripe.
 -- n.

Defn: A rareripe. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Such who delight in rathripe fruits. Fuller.

RATHSKELLER
Raths"kel`ler (räts"kel*ler), n. [G., also ratskeller, prop., town-
hall cellar.]

Defn: Orig., in Germany, the cellar or basement of the city hall,
usually rented for use as a restaurant where beer is sold; hence, a
beer saloon of the German type below the street level, where,
usually, drinks are served only at tables and simple food may also be
had; -- sometimes loosely used, in English, of what are essentially
basement restaurants where liquors are served.

RATIFICATION
Rat`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ratification.]

Defn: The act of ratifying; the state of being ratified;
confirmation; sanction; as, the ratification of a treaty.

RATIFIER
Rat"i*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, ratifies; a confirmer. Shak.

RATIFY
Rat"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ratified; p. pr. & vb. n. Ratifying.]
Etym: [F. ratifier, fr. L. ratus fixed by calculation, firm, valid +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See Rate, n., and -fy.]

Defn: To approve and sanction; to make valid; to establish; to
settle; especially, to give sanction to, as something done by an
agent or servant; as, to ratify an agreement, treaty, or contract; to
ratify a nomination.
It is impossible for the divine power to set a seal to a lie by
ratifying an imposture with such a miracle. South.

RATIHABITION
Rat`i*ha*bi"tion, n. Etym: [L. ratihabitio; ratus fixed, valid +
habere to hold.]

Defn: Confirmation or approbation, as of an act or contract. [Obs.]
Jer. Tailor.

RATIO
Ra"ti*o, n. Etym: [L., fr. reri, ratus, to reckon, believe, think,
judge. See Reason.]

1. (Math.)

Defn: The relation which one quantity or magnitude has to another of
the same kind. It is expressed by the quotient of the division of the
first by the second; thus, the ratio of 3 to 6 is expressed by a to b
by a/b; or (less commonly) the second is made the dividend; as, a:b =
b/a.

Note: Some writers consider ratio as the quotient itself, making
ratio equivalent to a number. The term ratio is also sometimes
applied to the difference of two quantities as well as to their
quotient, in which case the former is called arithmetical ratio, the
latter, geometrical ratio. The name ratio is sometimes given to the
rule of three in arithmetic. See under Rule.

2. Hence, fixed relation of number, quantity, or degree; rate;
proportion; as, the ratio of representation in Congress. Compound
ratio, Duplicate ratio, Inverse ratio, etc. See under Compound,
Duplicate, etc.
 -- Ratio of a geometrical progression, the constant quantity by
which each term is multiplied to produce the succeeding one.

RATIOCINATE
Ra`ti*oc"i*nate, v. i. Etym: [L. ratiocinatus, p. p. of ratiocinari,
fr. ratio reason. See Ratio.]

Defn: To reason, esp. deductively; to offer reason or argument.

RATIOCINATION
Ra`ti*oc"i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. ratiocinatio: cf. F. ratiocination.]

Defn: The process of reasoning, or deducing conclusions from
premises; deductive reasoning.

RATIOCINATIVE
Ra`ti*oc"i*na*tive, a. Etym: [L. ratiocinativus.]

Defn: Characterized by, or addicted to, ratiocination; consisting in
the comparison of proportions or facts, and the deduction of
inferences from the comparison; argumentative; as, a ratiocinative
process.
The ratiocinative meditativeness of his character. Coleridge.

RATIOCINATORY
Ra`ti*oc"i*na*to*ry, a.

Defn: Ratiocinative. [R.]

RATION
Ra"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. ratio a reckoning, calculation,
relation, reference, LL. ratio ration. See Ratio.]

1. A fixed daily allowance of provisions assigned to a soldier in the
army, or a sailor in the navy, for his subsistence.

Note: Officers have several rations, the number varying according to
their rank or the number of their attendants.

2. Hence, a certain portion or fixed amount dealt out; an allowance;
an allotment.

RATION
Ra"tion, v. t.

Defn: To supply with rations, as a regiment.

RATIONAL
Ra"tion*al, a. Etym: [L. rationalis: cf. F. rationnel. See Ratio,
Reason, and cf. Rationale.]

1. Relating to reason; not physical; mental.
Moral philosophy was his chiefest end; for the rational, the natural,
and mathematics . . . were but simple pastimes in comparison of the
other. Sir T. North.

2. Having reason, or the faculty of reasoning; endowed with reason or
understanding; reasoning.
It is our glory and happiness to have a rational nature. Law.

3. Agreeable to reason; not absurd, preposterous, extravagant,
foolish, fanciful, or the like; wise; judicious; as, rational
conduct; a rational man.

4. (Chem.)

Defn: Expressing the type, structure, relations, and reactions of a
compound; graphic; -- said of formulæ. See under Formula. Rational
horizon. (Astron.) See Horizon, 2 (b).
 -- Rational quantity (Alg. ), one that can be expressed without the
use of a radical sign, or in extract parts of unity; -- opposed to
irrational or radical quantity.
 -- Rational symptom (Med.), one elicited by the statements of the
patient himself and not as the result of a physical examination.

Syn.
 -- Sane; sound; intelligent; reasonable; sensible; wise; discreet;
judicious.
 -- Rational, reasonable. Rational has reference to reason as a
faculty of the mind, and is opposed to traditional; as, a rational
being, a rational state of mind, rational views, etc. In these cases
the speculative reason is more particularly, referred to. Reasonable
has reference to the exercise of this faculty for practical purposes,
and means, governed or directed by reason; as, reasonable prospect of
success.
What higher in her society thou find'st Attractive, human, rational,
love still. Milton.
A law may be reasonable in itself, although a man does not allow it,
or does not know the reason of the lawgivers. Swift.

RATIONAL
Ra"tion*al, n.

Defn: A rational being. Young.

RATIONALE
Ra`tion*a"le, n. Etym: [L. rationalis, neut. rationale. See Rational,
a.]

Defn: An explanation or exposition of the principles of some opinion,
action, hypothesis, phenomenon, or like; also, the principles
themselves.

RATIONALISM
Ra"tion*al*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rationalisme.]

1. (Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine or system of those who deduce their religious
opinions from reason or the understanding, as distinct from, or
opposed to, revelation.

2. (Philos.)

Defn: The system that makes rational power the ultimate test of
truth; -- opposed to sensualism, or sensationalism, and empiricism.
Fleming.

RATIONALIST
Ra"tion*al*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rationaliste.]

Defn: One who accepts rationalism as a theory or system; also,
disparagingly, a false reasoner. See Citation under Reasonist.

RATIONALISTIC; RATIONALISTICAL
Ra`tion*al*is"tic, Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al a.

Defn: Belonging to, or in accordance with, the principles of
rationalism.
 -- Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

RATIONALITY
Ra`tion*al"i*ty, n.; pl. -ties. Etym: [F. rationalité, or L.
rationalitas.]

Defn: The quality or state of being rational; agreement with reason;
possession of reason; due exercise of reason; reasonableness.
When God has made rationality the common portion of mankind, how came
it to be thy inclosure Gov. of Tongue.
Well-directed intentions, whose rationalities will never bear a rigid
examination. Sir T. Browne.

RATIONALIZATION
Ra`tion*al*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of rationalizing.

RATIONALIZE
Ra"tion*al*ize, v. t.

1. To make rational; also, to convert to rationalism.

2. To interpret in the manner of a rationalist.

3. To form a rational conception of.

4. (Alg.)

Defn: To render rational; to free from radical signs or quantities.

RATIONALIZE
Ra"tion*al*ize, v. i.

Defn: To use, and rely on, reason in forming a theory, belief, etc.,
especially in matters of religion: to accord with the principles of
rationalism.
Theodore . . . is just considered the chief rationalizing doctor of
antiquity. J. H. Newman.

RATIONALLY
Ra"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rational manner.

RATIONALNESS
Ra"tion*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being rational; rationality.

RATITAE
Ra*ti"tæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. ratis a raft; cf. L. ratitus
marked with the figure of a raft.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of birds in which the wings are small, rudimentary, or
absent, and the breastbone is destitute of a keel. The ostrich, emu,
and apteryx are examples.

RATITATE
Rat"i*tate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ratitæ.

RATITE
Rat"ite, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ratitæ.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Ratitæ.

RATLINES; RATLINS
Rat"lines, rat"lins, n. pl. Etym: [Of uncertain origin.] (Naut.)

Defn: The small transverse ropes attached to the shrouds and forming
the steps of a rope ladder. [Written also ratlings, and rattlings.]
Totten.

RATON
Rat"on, n. Etym: [Cf. Raccoon.]

Defn: A small rat. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

RATOON
Ra*toon", n.

1. Same as Rattoon, n.

2. A rattan cane. [Obs.] Pepys.

RATOON
Ra*toon", v. i.

Defn: Same as Rattoon, v. i.

RATSBANE
Rats"bane, n. Etym: [Rat + bane.]

Defn: Rat poison; white arsenic.

RATSBANED
Rats"baned`, a.

Defn: Poisoned by ratsbane.

RAT-TAIL
Rat"-tail`, a.

Defn: Like a rat's tale in form; as, a rat-tail file, which is round,
slender, and tapering. See Illust. of File.

RAT-TAIL
Rat"-tail`, n.

1. (Far.) pl.

Defn: An excrescence growing from the pastern to the middle of the
shank of a horse.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The California chimæra. See Chimæra.
(b) Any fish of the genus Macrurus. See Grenadier, 2.

RAT-TAILED
Rat"-tailed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a long, tapering tail like that of a rat. Rat-tailed
larva (Zoöl.), the larva of a fly of the genus Eristalis. See
Eristalis.
 -- Rat-tailed serpent (Zoöl.), the fer-de-lance.
 -- Rat-tailed shrew (Zoöl.), the musk shrew.

RATTAN
Rat*tan", n. Etym: [Malay rotan.] [Written also ratan.] (Bot. )

Defn: One of the long slender flexible stems of several species of
palms of the genus Calamus, mostly East Indian, though some are
African and Australian. They are exceedingly tough, and are used for
walking sticks, wickerwork, chairs and seats of chairs, cords and
cordage, and many other purposes.

RATTEEN
Rat*teen", n. Etym: [F. ratine.]

Defn: A thick woolen stuff quilled or twilled.

RATTEN
Rat"ten, v. t. Etym: [Prov. E. ratten a rat, hence the verb literally
means, to do mischief like a rat.]

Defn: To deprive feloniously of the tools used in one's employment
(as by breaking or stealing them), for the purpose of annoying; as,
to ratten a mechanic who works during a strike. [Trades-union Cant]
J. McCarthy.

RATTER
Rat"ter, n.

1. One who, or that which, rats, as one who deserts his party.

2. Anything which catches rats; esp., a dog trained to catch rats; a
rat terrier. See Terrier.

RATTINET
Rat`ti*net", n.

Defn: A woolen stuff thinner than ratteen.

RATTING
Rat"ting, n.

1. The conduct or practices of one who rats. See Rat, v. i., 1.
Sydney Smith.

2. The low sport of setting a dog upon rats confined in a pit to see
how many he will kill in a given time.

RATTLE
Rat"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rattled; p. pr. & vb. n. Rattling.]
Etym: [Akin to D. ratelen, G. rasseln, AS. hrætele a rattle, in
hrætelwyrt rattlewort; cf. Gr. Rail a bird.]

1. To make a quick succession of sharp, inharmonious noises, as by
the collision of hard and not very sonorous bodies shaken together;
to clatter.
And the rude hail in rattling tempest forms. Addison.
'T was but the wind, Or the car rattling o'er the stony street.
Byron.

2. To drive or ride briskly, so as to make a clattering; as, we
rattled along for a couple of miles. [Colloq.]

3. To make a clatter with a voice; to talk rapidly and idly; to
clatter; -- with on or away; as, she rattled on for an hour.
[Colloq.]

RATTLE
Rat"tle, v. t.

1. To cause to make a ratting or clattering sound; as, to rattle a
chain.

2. To assail, annoy, or stun with a ratting noise.
Sound but another [drum], and another shall As loud as thine rattle
the welkin's ear. Shak.

3. Hence, to disconcert; to confuse; as, to rattle one's judgment; to
rattle a player in a game. [Colloq.]

4. To scold; to rail at. L'Estrange. To rattle off. (a) To tell
glibly or noisily; as, to rattle off a story. (b) To rail at; to
scold. "She would sometimes rattle off her servants sharply."
Arbuthnot.

RATTLE
Rat"tle, n.

1. A rapid succession of sharp, clattering sounds; as, the rattle of
a drum. Prior.

2. Noisy, rapid talk.
All this ado about the golden age is but an empty rattle and
frivolous conceit. Hakewill.

3. An instrument with which a ratting sound is made; especially, a
child's toy that rattle when shaken.
The rattles of Isis and the cymbals of Brasilea nearly enough
resemble each other. Sir W. Raleigh.
Pleased with a rattle, tickled with a straw. Pope.

4. A noisy, senseless talker; a jabberer.
It may seem strange that a man who wrote with so much perspicuity,
vivacity, and grace, should have been, whenever he took a part in
conversation, an empty, noisy, blundering rattle. Macaulay.

5. A scolding; a sharp rebuke. [Obs.] Heylin.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any organ of an animal having a structure adapted to produce a
ratting sound.

Note: The rattle of the rattlesnake is composed of the hardened
terminal scales, loosened in succession, but not cast off, and so
modified in form as to make a series of loose, hollow joints.

7. The noise in the throat produced by the air in passing through
mucus which the lungs are unable to expel; -- chiefly observable at
the approach of death, when it is called the death rattle. See Râle.
To spring a rattle, to cause it to sound.
 -- Yellow rattle (Bot.), a yellow-flowered herb (Rhinanthus Crista-
galli), the ripe seeds of which rattle in the inflated calyx.

RATTLEBOX
Rat"tle*box`, n.

1. A toy that makes a rattle sound; a rattle.

2. (Bot.)
(a) An American herb (Crotalaria sagittalis), the seeds of which,
when ripe, rattle in the inflated pod.
(b) Any species of Crotalaria, a genus of yellow-flowered herbs, with
inflated, many-seeded pods.

RATTLE-BRAINED
Rat"tle-brained`, a.

Defn: Giddy; rattle-headed.

RATTLEHEAD
Rat"tle*head`, n.

Defn: An empty, noisy talker.

RATTLE-HEADED
Rat"tle-head`ed, a.

Defn: Noisy; giddy; unsteady.

RATTLEMOUSE
Rat"tle*mouse`, n.

Defn: A bat. [Obs.] Puttenham.

RATTLEPATE
Rat"tle*pate`, n.

Defn: A rattlehead. C. Kingsley.

RATTLE-PATED
Rat"tle-pat`ed, a.

Defn: Rattle-headed. "A noisy, rattle-pated fellow." W. Irving.

RATTLER
Rat"tler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, rattles.

RATTLESNAKE
Rat"tle*snake`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of venomous American snakes
belonging to the genera Crotalus and Caudisona, or Sistrurus. They
have a series of horny interlocking joints at the end of the tail
which make a sharp ratting sound when shaken. The common rattlesnake
of the Northern United States (Crotalus horridus), and the diamond
rattlesnake of the south (C. adamanteus), are the best known. See
Illust. of Fang. Ground rattlesnake (Zoöl.), a small rattlesnake
(Caudisona, or Sistrurus, miliaria) of the Southern United States,
having a small rattle. It has nine large scales on its head.
 -- Rattlesnake fern (Bot.), a common American fern (Botrychium
Virginianum) having a triangular decompound frond and a long-stalked
panicle of spore cases rising from the middle of the frond.
 -- Rattlesnake grass (Bot.), a handsome American grass (Glyceria
Canadensis) with an ample panicle of rather large ovate spikelets,
each one composed of imbricated parts and slightly resembling the
rattle of the rattlesnake. Sometimes called quaking grass.
 -- Rattlesnake plantain (Bot.), See under Plantain.
 -- Rattlesnake root (Bot.), a name given to certain American species
of the composite genus Prenanthes (P. alba and P. serpentaria),
formerly asserted to cure the bite of the rattlesnake. Calling also
lion's foot, gall of the earth, and white lettuce.
 -- Rattlesnake's master (Bot.) (a) A species of Agave (Agave
Virginica) growing in the Southern United States. (b) An
umbelliferous plant (Eryngium yuccæfolium) with large bristly-fringed
linear leaves. (c) A composite plant, the blazing star (Liatris
squarrosa).
 -- Rattlesnake weed (Bot.), a plant of the composite genus Hieracium
(H. venosum); -- probably so named from its spotted leaves. See also
Snakeroot.

RATTLETRAP
Rat"tle*trap`, n.

Defn: Any machine or vehicle that does not run smoothly. [Colloq.] A.
Trollope.

RATTLEWEED
Rat"tle*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Astragalus. See Milk vetch.

RATTLEWINGS
Rat"tle*wings`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The golden-eye.

RATTLEWORT
Rat"tle*wort`, n. Etym: [AS. hrætelwyrt.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Rattlebox.

RATTLINGS
Rat"tlings, n. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: Ratlines.

RATTOON
Rat*toon", n. Etym: [Sp. retoño.]

Defn: One of the stems or shoots of sugar cane of the second year's
growth from the root, or later. See Plant-cane.

RATTOON
Rat*toon", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rattooned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rattooning.] Etym: [Cf. Sp. retoñar.]

Defn: To sprout or spring up from the root, as sugar cane of the
previous year's planting.

RAUCID
Rau"cid, a. Etym: [L. raucus hoarse; cf. LL. raucidus.]

Defn: Hoarse; raucous [R.] Lamb.

RAUCITY
Rau"ci*ty, n. Etym: [L. rausitas, from raucus hoarse: cf. F.
raucité.]

Defn: Harshness of sound; rough utterance; hoarseness; as, the
raucity of a trumpet, or of the human voice.

RAUCOUS
Rau"cous, a. Etym: [L. raucus.]

Defn: Hoarse; harsh; rough; as, a raucous, thick tone. "His voice
slightly raucous." Aytoun.
 -- Rau"cous*ly, adv.

RAUGHT
Raught, obs.

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Reach. Shak.

RAUGHT
Raught, obs.

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Reck. Chaucer.

RAUNCH
Raunch, v. t.

Defn: See Ranch. Spenser.

RAUNSOUN
Raun*soun", n.

Defn: Ransom. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RAVAGE
Rav"age (; 48), n. Etym: [F., fr. (assumed) L. rapagium, rapaticum,
fr. rapere to carry off by force, to ravish. See Rapacious, Ravish.]

Defn: Desolation by violence; violent ruin or destruction;
devastation; havoc; waste; as, the ravage of a lion; the ravages of
fire or tempest; the ravages of an army, or of time.
Would one think 't were possible for love To make such ravage in a
noble soul Addison.

Syn.
 -- Despoilment; devastation; desolation; pillage; plunder; spoil;
waste; ruin.

RAVAGE
Rav"age, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ravaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Ravaging.]
Etym: [F. ravager. See Ravage, n.]

Defn: To lay waste by force; to desolate by violence; to commit havoc
or devastation upon; to spoil; to plunder; to consume.
Already Cæsar Has ravaged more than half the globe. Addison.
His lands were daily ravaged, his cattle driven away. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- To despoil; pillage; plunger; sack; spoil; devastate; desolate;
destroy; waste; ruin.

RAVAGER
Rav"a*ger, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, ravages or lays waste; spoiler.

RAVE
Rave, n. Etym: [Prov. E. raves, or rathes, a frame laid on a wagon,
for carrying hay, etc.]

Defn: One of the upper side pieces of the frame of a wagon body or a
sleigh.

RAVE
Rave, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Raved; p. pr. & vb. n. Raving.] Etym: [F.
rêver to rave, to be delirious, to dream; perhaps fr. L. rabere to
rave, rage, be mad or furious. Cf. Rage, Reverie.]

1. To wander in mind or intellect; to be delirious; to talk or act
irrationally; to be wild, furious, or raging, as a madman.
In our madness evermore we rave. Chaucer.
Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast Addison.
The mingled torrent of redcoats and tartans went raving down the
valley to the gorge of Kiliecrankie. Macaulay.

2. To rush wildly or furiously. Spencer.

3. To talk with unreasonable enthusiasm or excessive passion or
excitement; -- followed by about, of, or on; as, he raved about her
beauty.
The hallowed scene Which others rave on, though they know it not.
Byron.

RAVE
Rave, v. t.

Defn: To utter in madness or frenzy; to say wildly; as, to rave
nonsense. Young.

RAVEHOOK
Rave"hook, n. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A tool, hooked at the end, for enlarging or clearing seams for
the reception of oakum.

RAVEL
Rav"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raveled or Ravelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Raveling or Ravelling.] Etym: [. ravelen, D. rafelen, akin to LG.
rebeln, rebbeln, reffeln.]

1. To separate or undo the texture of; to take apart; to untwist; to
unweave or unknit; -- often followed by out; as, to ravel a twist; to
ravel out a sticking.
Sleep, that knits up the raveled sleave of care. Shak.

2. To undo the intricacies of; to disentangle.

3. To pull apart, as the threads of a texture, and let them fall into
a tangled mass; hence, to entangle; to make intricate; to involve.
What glory's due to him that could divide Such raveled interests has
he not untied Waller.
The faith of very many men seems a duty so weak and indifferent, is
so often untwisted by violence, or raveled and entangled in weak
discourses! Jer. Taylor.

RAVEL
Rav"el, v. i.

1. To become untwisted or unwoven; to be disentangled; to be relieved
of intricacy.

2. To fall into perplexity and confusion. [Obs.]
Till, by their own perplexities involved, They ravel more, still less
resolved. Milton.

3. To make investigation or search, as by picking out the threads of
a woven pattern. [Obs.]
The humor of raveling into all these mystical or entangled matters.
Sir W. Temple.

RAVELER
Rav"el*er, n. Etym: [Also raveller.]

Defn: One who ravels.

RAVELIN
Rave"lin, n. Etym: [F.; cf. Sp. rebellin, It. revellino, rivellino;
perhaps fr. L. re- again + vallum wall.] (Fort.)

Defn: A detached work with two embankments with make a salient angle.
It is raised before the curtain on the counterscarp of the place.
Formerly called demilune and half-moon.

RAVELING
Rav"el*ing, n. Etym: [Also ravelling.]

1. The act of untwisting, or of disentangling.

2. That which is raveled out; esp., a thread detached from a texture.

RAVEN
Ra"ven, n. Etym: [AS. hræfn; akin to raaf, G. rabe, OHG. hraban,
Icel. hrafn, Dan. ravn, and perhaps to L. corvus, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large black passerine bird (Corvus corax), similar to the
crow, but larger. It is native of the northern part of Europe, Asia
and America, and is noted for its sagacity. Sea raven (Zoöl.), the
cormorant.

RAVEN
Ra"ven, a.

Defn: Of the color of the raven; jet black; as, raven curls; raven
darkness.

RAVEN
Rav"en, n. Etym: [OF. ravine impetuosity, violence, F. ravine ravine.
See Ravine, Rapine.] [Written also ravin, and ravine.]

1. Rapine; rapacity. Ray.

2. Prey; plunder; food obtained by violence.

RAVEN
Rav"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ravened; p. pr. & vb. n. Ravening.] Etym:
[Written also ravin, and ravine.]

1. To obtain or seize by violence. Hakewill.

2. To devoir with great eagerness.
Like rats that ravin down their proper bane. Shak.

RAVEN
Rav"en, v. i.

Defn: To prey with rapacity; to be greedy; to show rapacity. [Written
also ravin, and ravine.]
Benjamin shall raven as a wolf. Gen. xlix. 27.

RAVENALA
Rav`e*na"la, n. Etym: [Malagasy.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants related to the banana.

Note: Ravenala Madagascariensis, the principal species, is an
unbranched tree with immense oarlike leaves growing alternately from
two sides of the stem. The sheathing bases of the leafstalks collect
and retain rain water, which flows freely when they are pierced with
a knife, whence the plant is called traveller's tree.

RAVENER
Rav"en*er, n.

1. One who, or that which, ravens or plunders. Gower.

2. A bird of prey, as the owl or vulture. [Obs.] Holland.

RAVENING
Rav"en*ing, n.

Defn: Eagerness for plunder; rapacity; extortion. Luke xi. 39.

RAVENING
Rav"en*ing, a.

Defn: Greedily devouring; rapacious; as, ravening wolves.
 -- Rav"en*ing*ly, adv.

RAVENOUS
Rav"en*ous, a. Etym: [From 2d Raven.]

1. Devouring with rapacious eagerness; furiously voracious; hungry
even to rage; as, a ravenous wolf or vulture.

2. Eager for prey or gratification; as, a ravenous appetite or
desire.
 -- Rav"en*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Rav"en*ous*ness, n.

RAVEN'S-DUCK
Ra"ven's-duck`, n. Etym: [Cf. G. ravenstuch.]

Defn: A fine quality of sailcloth. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

RAVER
Rav"er, n.

Defn: One who raves.

RAVIN
Rav"in, n.

Defn: Ravenous. [Obs.] Shak.

RAVIN; RAVINE
Rav"in, Ravine, n. Etym: [See 2d Raven.]

Defn: Food obtained by violence; plunder; prey; raven. "Fowls of
ravyne." Chaucer.
Though Nature, red in tooth and claw With ravine, shrieked against
his creed. Tennyson.

RAVIN; RAVINE
Rav"in, Rav"ine, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Raven, v. t. & i.

RAVINE
Ra*vine", n. Etym: [F., a place excavated by a torrent, a ravine, fr.
ravir to snatch or tear away, L. rapere; cf. L. rapina rapine. See
Ravish, and cf. Rapine, Raven prey.]

1. A torrent of water. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

2. A deep and narrow hollow, usually worn by a stream or torrent of
water; a gorge; a mountain cleft.

RAVING
Rav"ing, a.

Defn: Talking irrationally and wildly; as, a raving lunatic.
 -- Rav"ing*ly, adv.

RAVISH
Rav"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ravished; p. pr. & vb. n. Ravishing.]
Etym: [OE. ravissen, F. ravir, fr. L. rapere to snatch or tear away,
to ravish. See Rapacious, Rapid, and -ish.]

1. To seize and carry away by violence; to snatch by force.
These hairs which thou dost ravish from my chin Will quicken, and
accuse thee. Shak.
This hand shall ravish thy pretended right. Dryden.

2. To transport with joy or delight; to delight to ecstasy. "Ravished
. . . for the joy." Chaucer.
Thou hast ravished my heart. Cant. iv. 9.

3. To have carnal knowledge of (a woman) by force, and against her
consent; to rape. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To transport; entrance; enrapture; delight; violate; deflour;
force.

RAVISHER
Rav"ish*er, n.

Defn: One who ravishes (in any sense).

RAVISHING
Rav"ish*ing, a.

Defn: Rapturous; transporting.

RAVISHINGLY
Rav"ish*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a ravishing manner.

RAVISHMENT
Rav"ish*ment, n. Etym: [F. ravissement. See Ravish.]

1. The act of carrying away by force or against consent; abduction;
as, the ravishment of children from their parents, or a ward from his
guardian, or of a wife from her husband. Blackstone.

2. The state of being ravished; rapture; transport of delight;
ecstasy. Spencer.
In whose sight all things joy, with ravishment Attracted by thy
beauty still to gaze. Milton.

3. The act of ravishing a woman; rape.

RAVISSANT
Rav"is*sant, a. Etym: [F.] (Her.)

Defn: In a half-raised position, as if about to spring on prey.

RAW
Raw, a. [Compar Rawer; superl. Rawest.] Etym: [AS. hreáw; akin to D.
raauw, LG. rau, G. roh, OHG. ro, Icel. hrar, Dan. raa, Sw. rå, L.
crudus, Gr. kre`as flesh, Skr. kravis raw flesh. sq. root18. Cf.
Crude, Cruel.]

1. Not altered from its natural state; not prepared by the action of
heat; as, raw sienna; specifically, not cooked; not changed by heat
to a state suitable for eating; not done; as, raw meat.

2. Hence: Unprepared for use or enjoyment; immature; unripe;
unseasoned; inexperienced; unpracticed; untried; as, raw soldiers; a
raw recruit.
Approved himself to the raw judgment of the multitude. De Quincey.

3. Not worked in due form; in the natural state; untouched by art;
unwrought. Specifically:
(a) Not distilled; as, raw water. [Obs.] Bacon.
(b) Not spun or twisted; as, raw silk or cotton.
(c) Not mixed or diluted; as, raw spirits.
(d) Not tried; not melted and strained; as, raw tallow.
(e) Not tanned; as, raw hides.
(f) Not trimmed, covered, or folded under; as, the raw edge of a
piece of metal or of cloth.

4. Not covered; bare. Specifically:
(a) Bald. [Obs.] "With scull all raw." Spencer
(b) Deprived of skin; galled; as, a raw sore.
(c) Sore, as if by being galled.
And all his sinews waxen weak and raw Through long imprisonment.
Spenser.

5. Disagreeably damp or cold; chilly; as, a raw wind. "A raw and
gusty day." Shak. Raw material, material that has not been subjected
to a (specified) process of manufacture; as, ore is the raw material
used in smelting; leather is the raw material of the shoe industry.
 -- Raw pig, cast iron as it comes from the smelting furnace.

RAW
Raw, n.

Defn: A raw, sore, or galled place; a sensitive spot; as, to touch
one on the raw.
Like savage hackney coachmen, they know where there is a raw. De
Quincey.

RAWBONE
Raw"bone`, a.

Defn: Rawboned. [Obs.] Spencer.

RAWBONED
Raw"boned`, a.

Defn: Having little flesh on the bones; gaunt. Shak.

RAWHEAD
Raw"head`, n.

Defn: A specter mentioned to frighten children; as, rawhead and
bloodybones.

RAWHIDE
Raw"hide`, n.

Defn: A cowhide, or coarse riding whip, made of untanned (or raw)
hide twisted.

RAWISH
Raw"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat raw. [R.] Marston.

RAWLY
Raw"ly, adv.

1. In a raw manner; unskillfully; without experience.

2. Without proper preparation or provision. Shak.

RAWNESS
Raw"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being raw.

RAY
Ray, v. t. Etym: [An aphetic form of array; cf. Beray.]

1. To array. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

2. To mark, stain, or soil; to streak; to defile. [Obs.] "The fifth
that did it ray." Spenser.

RAY
Ray, n.

Defn: Array; order; arrangement; dress. [Obs.]
And spoiling all her gears and goodly ray. Spenser.

RAY
Ray, n. Etym: [OF. rai, F. rais, fr. L. radius a beam or ray, staff,
rod, spoke of a wheel. Cf. Radius.]

1. One of a number of lines or parts diverging from a common point or
center, like the radii of a circle; as, a star of six rays.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A radiating part of the flower or plant; the marginal florets
of a compound flower, as an aster or a sunflower; one of the pedicels
of an umbel or other circular flower cluster; radius. See Radius.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the radiating spines, or cartilages, supporting the fins
of fishes.
(b) One of the spheromeres of a radiate, especially one of the arms
of a starfish or an ophiuran.

4. (Physics)
(a) A line of light or heat proceeding from a radiant or reflecting
point; a single element of light or heat propagated continuously; as,
a solar ray; a polarized ray.
(b) One of the component elements of the total radiation from a body;
any definite or limited portion of the spectrum; as, the red ray; the
violet ray. See Illust. under Light.

5. Sight; perception; vision; -- from an old theory of vision, that
sight was something which proceeded from the eye to the object seen.
All eyes direct their rays On him, and crowds turn coxcombs as they
gaze. Pope.

6. (Geom.)

Defn: One of a system of diverging lines passing through a point, and
regarded as extending indefinitely in both directions. See Half-ray.
Bundle of rays. (Geom.) See Pencil of rays, below.
 -- Extraordinary ray (Opt.), that one or two parts of a ray divided
by double refraction which does not follow the ordinary law of
refraction.
 -- Ordinary ray (Opt.) that one of the two parts of a ray divided by
double refraction which follows the usual or ordinary law of
refraction.
 -- Pencil of rays (Geom.), a definite system of rays.
 -- Ray flower, or Ray floret (Bot.), one of the marginal flowers of
the capitulum in such composite plants as the aster, goldenrod,
daisy, and sunflower. They have an elongated, strap-shaped corolla,
while the corollas of the disk flowers are tubular and five-lobed.
 -- Ray point (Geom.), the common point of a pencil of rays.
 -- Röntgen ray ( (Phys.), a kind of ray generated in a very highly
exhausted vacuum tube by the electrical discharge. It is capable of
passing through many bodies opaque to light, and producing
photographic and fluorescent effects by which means pictures showing
the internal structure of opaque objects are made, called
radiographs, or sciagraphs. So called from the discoverer, W. C.
Röntgen.
 -- X ray, the Röntgen ray; -- so called by its discoverer because of
its enigmatical character, x being an algebraic symbol for an unknown
quantity.

RAY
Ray, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Raying.] Etym: [Cf.
OF. raier, raiier, rayer, L. radiare to irradiate. See Ray, n., and
cf. Radiate.]

1. To mark with long lines; to streak. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Etym: [From Ray, n.]

Defn: To send forth or shoot out; to cause to shine out; as, to ray
smiles. [R.] Thompson.

RAY
Ray, v. t.

Defn: To shine, as with rays. Mrs. Browning.

RAY
Ray, n. Etym: [F. raie, L. raia. Cf. Roach.] (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of numerous elasmobranch fishes of the order Raiæ,
including the skates, torpedoes, sawfishes, etc.
(b) In a restricted sense, any of the broad, flat, narrow-tailed
species, as the skates and sting rays. See Skate. Bishop ray, a
yellow-spotted, long-tailed eagle ray (Stoasodon nàrinari) of the
Southern United States and the West Indies.
 -- Butterfly ray, a short-tailed American sting ray (Pteroplatea
Maclura), having very broad pectoral fins.
 -- Devil ray. See Sea Devil.
 -- Eagle ray, any large ray of the family Myliobatidæ, or Ætobatidæ.
The common European species (Myliobatis aquila) is called also whip
ray, and miller.
 -- Electric ray, or Cramp ray, a torpedo.
 -- Starry ray, a common European skate (Raia radiata).
 -- Sting ray, any one of numerous species of rays of the family
Trygonidæ having one or more large, sharp, barbed dorsal spines on
the whiplike tail. Called also stingaree.

RAYAH
Ra"yah, n. Etym: [Ar. ra'iyah a herd, a subject, fr. ra'a to pasture,
guard.]

Defn: A person not a Mohammedan, who pays the capitation tax.
[Turkey.]

RAY GRASS
Ray" grass` Etym: [Etymol. of ray is uncertain.] (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial European grass (Lolium perenne); -- called also rye
grass, and red darnel. See Darnel, and Grass. Italian ray, or rye,
grass. See Darnel, and Grass.

RAYLESS
Ray"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of rays; hence, dark; not illuminated; blind; as, a
rayless sky; rayless eyes.

RAYON
Ray"on, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Ray; beam. [Obs.] Spenser.

RAYONNANT
Ray"on*nant, a. Etym: [F.] (Her.)

Defn: Darting forth rays, as the sun when it shines out.

RAZE
Raze, n. Etym: [See Rack.]

Defn: A Shakespearean word (used once) supposed to mean the same as
race, a root.

RAZE
Raze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Razed; p. pr. & vb. n. Razing.] Etym: [F.
raser. See Rase, v. t.] [Written also rase.]

1. To erase; to efface; to obliterate.
Razing the characters of your renown. Shak.

2. To subvert from the foundation; to lay level with the ground; to
destroy; to demolish.
The royal hand that razed unhappy Troy. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To demolish; level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert; destroy; ruin.
See Demolish.

RAZED
Razed, a.

Defn: Slashed or striped in patterns. [Obs.] "Two Provincial roses on
my razed shoes." Shak.

RAZEE
Ra*zee", n. Etym: [F. vaisseau rasé, fr. raser to rase, to cut down
ships. See Raze, v. t., Rase, v. t.] (Naut.)

Defn: An armed ship having her upper deck cut away, and thus reduced
to the next inferior rate, as a seventy-four cut down to a frigate.
Totten.

RAZEE
Ra*zee", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Razeed; p. pr. & vb. n. Razeeing.]

Defn: To cut down to a less number of decks, and thus to an inferior
rate or glass, as a ship; hence, to prune or abridge by cutting off
or retrenching parts; as, to razee a book, or an article.

RAZOR
Ra"zor, n. Etym: [OE. rasour, OF. rasur, LL. rasor: cf. F. rasoir,
LL. rasorium. See Raze, v. t., Rase, v. t.]

1. A keen-edged knife of peculiar shape, used in shaving the hair
from the face or the head. "Take thee a barber's rasor." Ezek. v. 1.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A task of a wild boar. Razor fish. (Zoöl.) (a) A small
Mediterranean fish (Coryphæna novacula), prized for the table. (b)
The razor shell.
 -- Razor grass (Bot.), a West Indian plant (Scleria scindens), the
triangular stem and the leaves of which are edged with minute sharp
teeth.
 -- Razor grinder (Zoöl.), the European goat-sucker.
 -- Razor shell (Zoöl.), any marine bivalve shell belonging to Solen
and allied genera, especially Solen, or Ensatella, ensis, and
Americana, which have a long, narrow, somewhat curved shell,
resembling a razor handle in shape. Called also rasor clam, razor
fish, knife handle.
 -- Razor stone. Same as Novaculite.
 -- Razor strap, or razor strop, a strap or strop used in sharpening
razors.

RAZORABLE
Ra"zor*a*ble, a.

Defn: Ready for the razor; fit to be shaved. [R.] Shak.

RAZORBACK
Ra"zor*back", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The rorqual.

RAZOR-BACKED
Ra"zor-backed", a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a sharp, lean, or thin back; as, a razor-backed hog,
perch, etc.

RAZORBILL
Ra"zor*bill, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A species of auk (Alca torda) common in the Arctic seas. See Auk,
and Illust. in Appendix.
(b) See Cutwater, 3.

RAZURE
Ra"zure, n. Etym: [See Rasure.]

1. The act of erasing or effacing, or the state of being effaced;
obliteration. See Rasure.

2. An erasure; a change made by erasing.

RAZZIA
Raz"zi*a, n. Etym: [F., fr. Ar. ghazia (pron. razia in Algeria).]

Defn: A plundering and destructive incursion; a foray; a rai

RE-
Re-. Etym: [L. re-, older form (retained before vowels) red-: cf. F.
re-, ré-.]

Defn: A prefix signifying back, against, again, anew; as, recline, to
lean back; recall, to call back; recede; remove; reclaim, to call out
against; repugn, to fight against; recognition, a knowing again;
rejoin, to join again; reiterate, reassure. Combinations containing
the prefix re- are readily formed, and are for the most part of
obvious signification.

RE
Re (ra). Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A syllable applied in solmization to the second tone of the
diatonic scale of C; in the American system, to the second tone of
any diatonic scale.

REABSORB
Re`ab*sorb", v. t.

Defn: To absorb again; to draw in, or imbibe, again what has been
effused, extravasated, or thrown off; to swallow up again; as, to
reabsorb chyle, lymph, etc.; -- used esp. of fluids.

REABSORPTION
Re`ab*sorp"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of rearbsorbing.

REACCESS
Re`ac*cess", n.

Defn: A second access or approach; a return. Hakewill.

REACCUSE
Re"ac*cuse", v. t.

Defn: To accuse again. Cheyne.

REACH
Reach, n.

Defn: An effort to vomit. [R.]

REACH
Reach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reached (Raught, the old preterit, is
obsolete); p. pr. & vb. n. Reaching.] Etym: [OE. rechen, AS. ræcan,
ræcean, to extend, stretch out; akin to D. reiken, G. reichen, and
possibly to AS. rice powerful, rich, E. rich. sq. root115.]

1. To extend; to stretch; to thrust out; to put forth, as a limb, a
member, something held, or the like.
Her tresses yellow, and long straughten, Unto her heeles down they
raughten. Rom. of R.
Reach hither thy hand and thrust it into my side. John xx. 27.
Fruit trees, over woody, reached too far Their pampered boughs.
Milton.

2. Hence, to deliver by stretching out a member, especially the hand;
to give with the hand; to pass to another; to hand over; as, to reach
one a book.
He reached me a full cap. 2 Esd. xiv. 39.

3. To attain or obtain by stretching forth the hand; too extend some
part of the body, or something held by one, so as to touch, strike,
grasp, or the like; as, to reach an object with the hand, or with a
spear.
O patron power, . . . thy present aid afford, Than I may reach the
beast. Dryden.

4. To strike, hit, or tough with a missile; as, to reach an object
with an arrow, a bullet, or a shell.

5. Hence, to extend an action, effort, or influence to; to penetrate
to; to pierce, or cut, as far as.
If these examples of grown men reach not the case of children, let
them examine. Locke.

6. To extend to; to stretch out as far as; to touch by virtue of
extent; as, his hand reaches the river.
Thy desire . . . leads to no excess That reaches blame. Milton.

7. To arrive at by effort of any kind; to attain to; to gain; to be
advanced to.
The best account of the appearances of nature which human penetration
can reach, comes short of its reality. Cheyne.

9. To understand; to comprehend. [Obs.]
Do what, sir I reach you not. Beau. & Fl.

10. To overreach; to deceive. [Obs.] South.

REACH
Reach, v. t.

1. To stretch out the hand.
Goddess humane, reach, then, and freely taste! Milton.

2. To strain after something; to make efforts.
Reaching above our nature does no good. Dryden.

3. To extend in dimension, time, amount, action, influence, etc., so
as to touch, attain to, or be equal to, something.
And behold, a ladder set upon the earth, and the top of it reached to
heaven. Gen. xxviii. 12.
The new world reaches quite across the torrid zone. Boyle.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: To sail on the wind, as from one point of tacking to another,
or with the ind nearly abeam. To reach after or at, to make efforts
to attain to or obtain.
He would be in the mind reaching after a positive idea of infinity.
Locke.

REACH
Reach, n.

1. The act of stretching or extending; extension; power of reaching
or touching with the person, or a limb, or something held or thrown;
as, the fruit is beyond my reach; to be within reach of cannon shot.

2. The power of stretching out or extending action, influence, or the
like; power of attainment or management; extent of force or capacity.
Drawn by others who had deeper reaches than themselves to matters
which they least intended. Hayward.
Be sure yourself and your own reach to know. Pope.

3. Extent; stretch; expanse; hence, application; influence; result;
scope.
And on the left hand, hell, With long reach, interposed. Milton.
I am to pray you not to strain my speech To grosser issues, nor to
larger reach Than to suspicion. Shak.

4. An extended portion of land or water; a stretch; a straight
portion of a stream or river, as from one turn to another; a level
stretch, as between locks in a canal; an arm of the sea extending up
into the land. "The river's wooded reach." Tennyson.
The coast . . . is very full of creeks and reaches. Holland.

5. An article to obtain an advantage.
The Duke of Parma had particular reaches and ends of his own
underhand to cross the design. Bacon.

6. The pole or rod which connects the hind axle with the forward
bolster of a wagon.

REACHABLE
Reach"a*ble, a.

Defn: Being within reach.

REACHER
Reach"er, n.

1. One who reaches.

2. An exaggeration. [Obs.] Fuller.

REACHLESS
Reach"less, a.

Defn: Being beyond reach; lofty.
Unto a reachless pitch of praises hight. Bp. Hall.

REACT
Re*act", v. t.

Defn: To act or perform a second time; to do over again; as, to react
a play; the same scenes were reacted at Rome.

REACT
Re*act", v. i.

1. To return an impulse or impression; to resist the action of
another body by an opposite force; as, every body reacts on the body
that impels it from its natural state.

2. To act upon each other; to exercise a reciprocal or a reverse
effect, as two or more chemical agents; to act in opposition.

REACTANCE
Re*act"ance, n.  [React + -ance.] (Elec.)

Defn: The influence of a coil of wire upon an alternating current
passing through it, tending to choke or diminish the current, or the
similar influence of a condenser; inductive resistance. Reactance is
measured in ohms. The reactance of a circuit is equal to the
component of the impressed electro-motive force at right angles to
the current divided by the current, that is, the component of the
impedance due to the self-inductance or capacity of the circuit.

REACTANCE COIL
Reactance coil (Elec.)

Defn: A choking coil.

REACTION
Re*ac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. réaction.]

1. Any action in resisting other action or force; counter tendency;
movement in a contrary direction; reverse action.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The mutual or reciprocal action of chemical agents upon each
other, or the action upon such chemical agents of some form of
energy, as heat, light, or electricity, resulting in a chemical
change in one or more of these agents, with the production of new
compounds or the manifestation of distinctive characters. See
Blowpipe reaction, Flame reaction, under Blowpipe, and Flame.

3. (Med.)

Defn: An action included by vital resistance to some other action;
depression or exhaustion of vital force consequent on overexertion or
overstimulation; heightened activity and overaction succeeding
depression or shock.

4. (Mech.)

Defn: The force which a body subjected to the action of a force from
another body exerts upon the latter body in the opposite direction.
Reaction is always equal and opposite to action, that is to say, the
actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal and in
opposite directions. Sir I. Newton (3d Law of Motion).

5. (Politics)

Defn: Backward tendency or movement after revolution, reform, or
great progress in any direction.
The new king had, at the very moment at which his fame and fortune
reached the highest point, predicted the coming reaction. Macaulay.
Reaction time (Physiol.), in nerve physiology, the interval between
the application of a stimulus to an end organ of sense and the
reaction or resulting movement; -- called also physiological time.
 -- Reaction wheel (Mech.), a water wheel driven by the reaction of
water, usually one in which the water, entering it centrally, escapes
at its periphery in a direction opposed to that of its motion by
orifices at right angles, or inclined, to its radii.

REACTIONARY
Re*ac"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Being, causing, or favoring reaction; as, reactionary
movements.

REACTIONARY
Re*ac"tion*a*ry, n.; pl. Reactionaries (.

Defn: One who favors reaction, or seeks to undo political progress or
revolution.

REACTIONIST
Re*ac"tion*ist, n.

Defn: A reactionary. C. Kingsley.

REACTIVE
Re*act`ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. réactif.]

Defn: Having power to react; tending to reaction; of the nature of
reaction.
 -- Re*act"ive*ly, adv.
 -- Re*act"ive*ness, n.

REACTOR
Re*act"or, n. (Elec.)

Defn: A choking coil.

READ
Read, n.

Defn: Rennet. See 3d Reed. [Prov. Eng.]

READ
Read, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Read; p. pr. & vb. n. Reading.] Etym: [OE.
reden, ræden, AS. rædan to read, advice, counsel, fr. ræd advise,
counsel, rædan (imperf. reord) to advice, counsel, guess; akin to D.
raden to advise, G. raten, rathen, Icel. raedha, Goth. redan (in
comp.), and perh. also to Skr. radh to succeed. sq. root116. Cf.
Riddle.]

1. To advise; to counsel. [Obs.] See Rede.
Therefore, I read thee, get to God's word, and thereby try all
doctrine. Tyndale.

2. To interpret; to explain; as, to read a riddle.

3. To tell; to declare; to recite. [Obs.]
But read how art thou named, and of what kin. Spenser.

4. To go over, as characters or words, and utter aloud, or recite to
one's self inaudibly; to take in the sense of, as of language, by
interpreting the characters with which it is expressed; to peruse;
as, to read a discourse; to read the letters of an alphabet; to read
figures; to read the notes of music, or to read music; to read a
book.
Redeth [read ye] the great poet of Itaille. Chaucer.
Well could he rede a lesson or a story. Chaucer.

5. Hence, to know fully; to comprehend.
Who is't can read a woman Shak.

6. To discover or understand by characters, marks, features, etc.; to
learn by observation.
An armed corse did lie, In whose dead face he read great magnanimity.
Spenser.
Those about her From her shall read the perfect ways of honor. Shak.

7. To make a special study of, as by perusing textbooks; as, to read
theology or law. To read one's self in, to read about the Thirty-nine
Articles and the Declaration of Assent, -- required of a clergyman of
the Church of England when he first officiates in a new benefice.

READ
Read, v. t.

1. To give advice or counsel. [Obs.]

2. To tell; to declare. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. To perform the act of reading; to peruse, or to go over and utter
aloud, the words of a book or other like document.
So they read in the book of the law of God distinctly, and gave the
sense. Neh. viii. 8.

4. To study by reading; as, he read for the bar.

5. To learn by reading.
I have read of an Eastern king who put a judge to death for an
iniquitous sentence. Swift.

6. To appear in writing or print; to be expressed by, or consist of,
certain words or characters; as, the passage reads thus in the early
manuscripts.

7. To produce a certain effect when read; as, that sentence reads
queerly. To read between the lines, to infer something different from
what is plainly indicated; to detect the real meaning as
distinguished from the apparent meaning.

READ
Read, n. Etym: [AS. ræd counsel, fr. rædan to counsel. See Read, v.
t.]

1. Saying; sentence; maxim; hence, word; advice; counsel. See Rede.
[Obs.]

2. Etym: [Read, v.]

Defn: Reading. [Colloq.] Hume.
One newswoman here lets magazines for a penny a read. Furnivall.

READ
Read,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Read, v. t. & i.

READ
Read, a.

Defn: Instructed or knowing by reading; versed in books; learned.
A poet . . . well read in Longinus. Addison.

READABILITY
Read`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being readable; readableness.

READABLE
Read"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be read; legible; fit or suitable to be read; worth
reading; interesting.
 -- Read"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Read"a*bly, adv,.

READDRESS
Re`ad*dress", v. t.

Defn: To address a second time; -- often used reflexively.
He readdressed himself to her. Boyle.

READEPT
Re`a*dept, v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + L. adeptus. p. p. of adipisci to
obtain.]

Defn: To regain; to recover. [Obs.]

READEPTION
Re`a*dep"tion, n.

Defn: A regaining; recovery of something lost. [Obs.] Bacon.

READER
Read"er, n. Etym: [AS. rædere.]

1. One who reads. Specifically:
(a) One whose distinctive office is to read prayers in a church.
(b) (University of Oxford, Eng.) One who reads lectures on scientific
subjects. Lyell.
(c) A proof reader.
(d) One who reads manuscripts offered for publication and advises
regarding their merit.

2. One who reads much; one who is studious.

3. A book containing a selection of extracts for exercises in
reading; an elementary book for practice in a language; a reading
book.

READERSHIP
Read"er*ship, n.

Defn: The office of reader. Lyell.

READILY
Read"i*ly, adv.

1. In a ready manner; quickly; promptly. Chaucer.

2. Without delay or objection; without reluctance; willingly;
cheerfully.
How readily we wish time spent revoked! Cowper.

READINESS
Read"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being ready; preparation; promptness;
aptitude; willingness.
They received the word with all readiness of mind. Acts xvii. 11.

Syn.
 -- Facility; quickness; expedition; promptitude; promptness;
aptitude; aptness; knack; skill; expertness; dexterity; ease;
cheerfulness. See Facility.

READING
Read"ing, n.

1. The act of one who reads; perusal; also, printed or written matter
to be read.

2. Study of books; literary scholarship; as, a man of extensive
reading.

3. A lecture or prelection; public recital.
The Jews had their weekly readings of the law. Hooker.

4. The way in which anything reads; force of a word or passage
presented by a documentary authority; lection; version.

5. Manner of reciting, or acting a part, on the stage; way of
rendering. [Cant]

6. An observation read from the scale of a graduated instrument; as,
the reading of a barometer. Reading of a bill (Legislation), its
normal recital, by the proper officer, before the House which is to
consider it.

READING
Read"ing, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the act of reading; used in reading.

2. Addicted to reading; as, a reading community. Reading book, a book
for teaching reading; a reader.
 -- Reading desk, a desk to support a book while reading; esp., a
desk used while reading the service in a church.
 -- Reading glass, a large lens with more or less magnifying power,
attached to a handle, and used in reading, etc.
 -- Reading man, one who reads much; hence, in the English
universities, a close, industrious student.
 -- Reading room, a room appropriated to reading; a room provided
with papers, periodicals, and the like, to which persons resort.

READJOURN
Re`ad*journ", v. t.

Defn: To adjourn a second time; to adjourn again.

READJOURNMENT
Re`ad*journ"ment, n.

Defn: The act of readjourning; a second or repeated adjournment.

READJUST
Re`ad*just", v. t.

Defn: To adjust or settle again; to put in a different order or
relation; to rearrange.

READJUSTER
Re`ad*just"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, readjusts; in some of the States of the
United States, one who advocates a refunding, and sometimes a partial
repudiation, of the State debt without the consent of the State's
creditors.

READJUSTMENT
Re`ad*just"ment, n.

Defn: A second adjustment; a new or different adjustment.

READMISSION
Re`ad*mis"sion, n.

Defn: The act of admitting again, or the state of being readmitted;
as, the readmission fresh air into an exhausted receiver; the
readmission of a student into a seminary.

READMIT
Re`ad*mit", v. t.

Defn: To admit again; to give entrance or access to again.
Whose ear is ever open, and his eye Gracious to readmit the
suppliant. Milton.

READMITTANCE
Re`ad*mit"tance, n.

Defn: Allowance to enter again; a second admission.

READOPT
Re`a*dopt", v. t.

Defn: To adopt again. Young.

READORN
Re`a*dorn", v. t.

Defn: To adorn again or anew.

READVANCE
Re`ad*vance", v. i.

Defn: To advance again.

READVERTENCY
Re`ad*vert"en*cy, n.

Defn: The act of adverting to again, or of reviewing. [R.] Norris.

READY
Read"y, a. [Compar. Readier; superl. Readiest.] Etym: [AS. ræde; akin
to D. gereed, bereid, G. bereit, Goth. garáids fixed, arranged, and
possibly to E. ride, as meaning originally, prepared for riding. Cf.
Array, 1st Curry.]

1. Prepared for what one is about to do or experience; equipped or
supplied with what is needed for some act or event; prepared for
immediate movement or action; as, the troops are ready to march;
ready for the journey. "When she redy was." Chaucer.

2. Fitted or arranged for immediate use; causing no delay for lack of
being prepared or furnished. "Dinner was ready." Fielding.
My oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready: come
unto the marriage. Matt. xxii. 4.

3. Prepared in mind or disposition; not reluctant; willing; free;
inclined; disposed.
I am ready not to be bound only, but also to die at Jerusalem, for
the name of the Lord Jesus. Acts xxi. 13.
If need be, I am ready to forego And quit. Milton.

4. Not slow or hesitating; quick in action or perception of any kind;
dexterous; prompt; easy; expert; as, a ready apprehension; ready wit;
a ready writer or workman. "Ready in devising expedients." Macaulay.
Gurth, whose temper was ready, through surly. Sir W. Scott.

5. Offering itself at once; at hand; opportune; convenient; near;
easy. "The readiest way." Milton.
A sapling pine he wrenched from out the ground, The readiest weapon
that his fury found. Dryden.

6. On the point; about; on the brink; near; -- with a following
infinitive.
My heart is ready to crack. Shak.

7. (Mil.)

Defn: A word of command, or a position, in the manual of arms, at
which the piece is cocked and held in position to execute promptly
the next command, which is, aim. All ready, ready in every
particular; wholly equipped or prepared. "[I] am all redy at your
hest." Chaucer.
 -- Ready money, means of immediate payment; cash. "'Tis all the
ready money fate can give." Cowley.
 -- Ready reckoner, a book of tables for facilitating computations,
as of interest, prices, etc.
 -- To make ready, to make preparation; to get in readiness.

Syn.
 -- Prompt; expeditious; speedy; unhesitating; dexterous; apt;
skilful; handy; expert; facile; easy; opportune; fitted; prepared;
disposed; willing; free; cheerful. See Prompt.

READY
Read"y, adv.

Defn: In a state of preparation for immediate action; so as to need
no delay.
We ourselves will go ready armed. Num. xxxii. 17.

READY
Read"y, n.

Defn: Ready money; cash; -- commonly with the; as, he was supplied
with the ready. [Slang]
Lord Strut was not flush in ready, either to go to law, or to clear
old debts. Arbuthnot.

READY
Read"y, v. t.

Defn: To dispose in order. [Obs.] Heywood.

READY-MADE
Read"y-made`, a.

Defn: Made already, or beforehand, in anticipation of need; not made
to order; as, ready-made clothing; ready-made jokes.

READY-WITTED
Read"y-wit`ted, a.

Defn: Having ready wit.

REAFFIRM
Re`af*firm", v. t.

Defn: To affirm again.

REAFFIRMANCE; REAFFIRMATION
Re`af*firm"ance, Re*af`fir*ma"tion n.

Defn: A second affirmation.

REAFFOREST
Re`af*for"est, v. t.

Defn: To convert again into the forest, as a region of country.

REAFFORESTATION
Re`af*for`es*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of converting again into a forest.

REAGENT
Re*a"gent, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance capable of producing with another a reaction,
especially when employed to detect the presence of other bodies; a
test.

REAGGRAVATION
Re*ag`gra*va"tion, n. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The last monitory, published after three admonitions and before
the last excommunication.

REAGREE
Re`a*gree", v. t.

Defn: To agree again.

REAK
Reak, n. [Wrack seaweed.]

Defn: A rush. [Obs.] "Feeds on reaks and reeds." Drant.

REAK
Reak, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. hrekkr, or E. wreak vengeance.]

Defn: A prank. [Obs.] "They play such reaks." Beau & Fl.

REAL
Re"al, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. real royal, L. regalis. See Regal, and cf.
Ree a coin.]

Defn: A small Spanish silver coin; also, a denomination of money of
account, formerly the unit of the Spanish monetary system.

Note: A real of plate (coin) varied in value according to the time of
its coinage, from 12real vellon, or money of account, was nearly
equal to five cents, or 2

REAL
Re*al", a.

Defn: Royal; regal; kingly. [Obs.] "The blood real of Thebes."
Chaucer.

REAL
Re"al, a. Etym: [LL. realis, fr. L. res, rei, a thing: cf. F. réel.
Cf. Rebus.]

1. Actually being or existing; not fictitious or imaginary; as, a
description of real life.
Whereat I waked, and found Before mine eyes all real, as the dream
Had lively shadowed. Milton.

2. True; genuine; not artificial; counterfeit, or factitious; often
opposed to ostensible; as, the real reason; real Madeira wine; real
ginger.
Whose perfection far excelled Hers in all real dignity. Milton.

5. Relating to things, not to persons. [Obs.]
Many are perfect in men's humors that are not greatly capable of the
real part of business. Bacon.

4. (Alg.)

Defn: Having an assignable arithmetical or numerical value or
meaning; not imaginary.

5. (Law)

Defn: Pertaining to things fixed, permanent, or immovable, as to
lands and tenements; as, real property, in distinction from personal
or movable property. Chattels real (Law), such chattels as are
annexed to, or savor of, the realty, as terms for years of land. See
Chattel.
 -- Real action (Law), an action for the recovery of real property.
 -- Real assets (Law), lands or real estate in the hands of the heir,
chargeable with the debts of the ancestor.
 -- Real composition (Eccl. Law), an agreement made between the owner
of lands and the parson or vicar, with consent of the ordinary, that
such lands shall be discharged from payment of tithes, in consequence
of other land or recompense given to the parson in lieu and
satisfaction thereof. Blackstone.
 -- Real estate or property, lands, tenements, and hereditaments;
freehold interests in landed property; property in houses and land.
Kent. Burrill.
 -- Real presence (R. C. Ch.), the actual presence of the body and
blood of Christ in the eucharist, or the conversion of the substance
of the bread and wine into the real body and blood of Christ;
transubstantiation. In other churches there is a belief in a form of
real presence, not however in the sense of transubstantiation.
 -- Real servitude, called also Predial servitude (Civil Law), a
burden imposed upon one estate in favor of another estate of another
proprietor. Erskine. Bouvier.

Syn.
 -- Actual; true; genuine; authentic.
 -- Real, Actual. Real represents a thing to be a substantive
existence; as, a real, not imaginary, occurrence. Actual refers to it
as acted or performed; and, hence, when we wish to prove a thing
real, we often say, "It actually exists," "It has actually been
done." Thus its really is shown by its actually. Actual, from this
reference to being acted, has recently received a new signification,
namely, present; as, the actual posture of affairs; since what is now
in action, or going on, has, of course, a present existence. An
actual fact; a real sentiment.
For he that but conceives a crime in thought, Contracts the danger of
an actual fault. Dryden.
Our simple ideas are all real; all agree to the reality of things.
Locke.

REAL
Re"al, n.

Defn: A realist. [Obs.] Burton.

REALGAR
Re*al"gar, n. Etym: [F. réalgar, Sp. rejalgar, Ar. rahj al ghar
powder of the mine.] (Min.)

Defn: Arsenic sulphide, a mineral of a brilliant red color; red
orpiment. It is also an artificial product.

REALISM
Re"al*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. réalisme.]

1. (Philos.)
(a) An opposed to nominalism, the doctrine that genera and species
are real things or entities, existing independently of our
conceptions. According to realism the Universal exists ante rem
(Plato), or in re (Aristotle).
(b) As opposed to idealism, the doctrine that in sense perception
there is an immediate cognition of the external object, and our
knowledge of it is not mediate and representative.

2. (Art & Lit.)

Defn: Fidelity to nature or to real life; representation without
idealization, and making no appeal to the imagination; adherence to
the actual fact.

REALIST
Re"al*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. réaliste.]

1. (Philos.)

Defn: One who believes in realism; esp., one who maintains that
generals, or the terms used to denote the genera and species of
things, represent real existences, and are not mere names, as
maintained by the nominalists.

2. (Art. & Lit.)

Defn: An artist or writer who aims at realism in his work. See
Realism, 2.

REALISTIC
Re`al*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the realists; in the manner of the
realists; characterized by realism rather than by imagination.

REALISTICALLY
Re`al*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the realistic manner.

REALITY
Re*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Realities. Etym: [Cf. F. réalité, LL. realitas.
See 3d Real. and cf. 2d Realty.]

1. The state or quality of being real; actual being or existence of
anything, in distinction from mere appearance; fact.
A man fancies that he understands a critic, when in reality he does
not comprehend his meaning. Addison.

2. That which is real; an actual existence; that which is not
imagination, fiction, or pretense; that which has objective
existence, and is not merely an idea.
And to realities yield all her shows. Milton.
My neck may be an idea to you, but it is reality to me. Beattie.

3. Etym: [See 1st Realty, 2.]

Defn: Loyalty; devotion. [Obs.]
To express our reality to the emperor. Fuller.

4. (Law)

Defn: See 2d Realty, 2.

REALIZABLE
Re"al*i`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being realized.

REALIZATION
Re`al*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. réalisation.]

Defn: The act of realizing, or the state of being realized.

REALIZE
Re"al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Realized; p. pr. & vb. n. Realizing.]
Etym: [Cf. F. réaliser.]

1. To make real; to convert from the imaginary or fictitious into the
actual; to bring into concrete existence; to accomplish; as, to
realize a scheme or project.
We realize what Archimedes had only in hypothesis, weighting a single
grain against the globe of earth. Glanvill.

2. To cause to seem real; to impress upon the mind as actual; to feel
vividly or strongly; to make one's own in apprehension or experience.
Many coincidences . . . soon begin to appear in them [Greek
inscriptions] which realize ancient history to us. Jowett.
We can not realize it in thought, that the object . . . had really no
being at any past moment. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. To convert into real property; to make real estate of; as, to
realize his fortune.

4. To acquire as an actual possession; to obtain as the result of
plans and efforts; to gain; to get; as, to realize large profits from
a speculation.
Knighthood was not beyond the reach of any man who could by diligent
thrift realize a good estate. Macaulay.

5. To convert into actual money; as, to realize assets.

REALIZE
Re"al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To convert any kind of property into money, especially property
representing investments, as shares in stock companies, bonds, etc.
Wary men took the alarm, and began to realize, a word now first
brought into use to express the conversion of ideal property into
something real. W. Irving.

REALIZER
Re"al*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who realizes. Coleridge.

REALIZING
Re"al*i`zing, a.

Defn: Serving to make real, or to impress on the mind as a reality;
as, a realizing view of the danger incurred.
 -- Re"al*i`zing*ly, adv.

REALLEGE
Re`al*lege", v. t.

Defn: To allege again. Cotgrave.

REALLIANCE
Re`al*li"ance, n.

Defn: A renewed alliance.

RE-ALLY
Re"-al*ly", v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + ally, v. t.]

Defn: To bring together again; to compose or form anew. Spenser.

REALLY
Re"al*ly`, adv.

Defn: Royally. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REALLY
Re"al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a real manner; with or in reality; actually; in truth.
Whose anger is really but a short fit of madness. Swift.

Note: Really is often used familiarly as a slight corroboration of an
opinion or a declaration.
Why, really, sixty-five is somewhat old. Young.

REALM
Realm, n. Etym: [OE. realme, ream, reaume, OF. reialme, roialme, F.
royaume, fr. (assumed) LL. regalimen, from L. regalis royal. See
Regal.]

1. A royal jurisdiction or domain; a region which is under the
dominion of a king; a kingdom.
The absolute master of realms on which the sun perpetually alone.
Motley.

2. Hence, in general, province; region; country; domain; department;
division; as, the realm of fancy.

REALMLESS
Realm"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a realm. Keats.

REALNESS
Re"al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being real; reality.

REALTY
Re"al*ty, n. Etym: [OF. réalté, LL. regalitas, fr. L. regalis. See
Regal.]

1. Royalty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Loyalty; faithfulness. [R.] Milton.

REALTY
Re"al*ty, n. Etym: [Contr. from 1st Reality.]

1. Realty. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

2. (Law)
(a) Immobility, or the fixed, permanent nature of real property; as,
chattels which savor of the realty; -- so written in legal language
for reality.
(b) Real estate; a piece of real property. Blackstone.

REAM
Ream, n. Etym: [AS. reám, akin to G. rahm.]

Defn: Cream; also, the cream or froth on ale. [Scot.]

REAM
Ream, v. i.

Defn: To cream; to mantle. [Scot.]
A huge pewter measuring pot which, in the language of the hostess,
reamed with excellent claret. Sir W. Scott.

REAM
Ream, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Reim.]

Defn: To stretch out; to draw out into thongs, threads, or filaments.

REAM
Ream, n. Etym: [OE. reme, OF. rayme, F. rame (cf. Sp. resma), fr. Ar.
rizma a bundle, especially of paper.]

Defn: A bundle, package, or quantity of paper, usually consisting of
twenty quires or 480 sheets. Printer's ream, twenty-one and a half
quires. [Eng.] A common practice is now to count five hundred sheets
to the ream. Knight.

REAM
Ream, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Reaming.] Etym:
[Cf. G. räumen to remove, to clear away, fr. raum room. See Room.]

Defn: To bevel out, as the mouth of a hole in wood or metal; in
modern usage, to enlarge or dress out, as a hole, with a reamer.

REAME
Reame, n.

Defn: Realm. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REAMER
Ream"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, reams; specifically, an instrument with
cutting or scraping edges, used, with a twisting motion, for
enlarging a round hole, as a bore of a cannon, etc.

REAMPUTATION
Re*am`pu*ta"tion, n. (Surg.)

Defn: The second of two amputations performed upon the same member.

REANIMATE
Re*an"i*mate, v. t.

Defn: To animate anew; to restore to animation or life; to infuse new
life, vigor, spirit, or courage into; to revive; to reinvigorate; as,
to reanimate a drowned person; to reanimate disheartened troops; to
reanimate languid spirits. Glanvill.

REANIMATION
Re*an"i*ma"tion, n.

Defn: The act or operation of reanimating, or the state of being
reanimated; reinvigoration; revival.

REANNEX
Re`an*nex", v. t.

Defn: To annex again or anew; to reunite. "To reannex that duchy."
Bacon.

REANNEXATION
Re*an`nex*a"tion, n.

Defn: Act of reannexing.

REANSWER
Re*an"swer, v. t. & i.

Defn: To answer in return; to repay; to compensate; to make amends
for.
Which in weight to reanswer, his pettiness would bow under. Shak.

REAP
Reap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raped; p. pr. & vb. n. Reaping.] Etym: [OE.
repen, AS. ripan to seize, reap; cf. D. rapen to glean, reap, G.
raufen to pluck, Goth. raupjan, or E. ripe.]

1. To cut with a sickle, scythe, or reaping machine, as grain; to
gather, as a harvest, by cutting.
When ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly reap the
corners of thy field. Lev.

2. To gather; to obtain; to receive as a reward or harvest, or as the
fruit of labor or of works; -- in a good or a bad sense; as, to reap
a benefit from exertions.
Why do I humble thus myself, and, suing For peace, reap nothing but
repulse and hate Milton.

3. To clear or a crop by reaping; as, to reap a field.

4. To deprive of the beard; to shave. [R.] Shak. Reaping hook, an
instrument having a hook-shaped blade, used in reaping; a sickle; --
in a specific sense, distinguished from a sickle by a blade keen
instead of serrated.

REAP
Reap, v. i.

Defn: To perform the act or operation of reaping; to gather a
harvest.
They that sow in tears shall reap in joy. Ps. cxxvi. 5.

REAP
Reap, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. rip harvest. See Reap, v.]

Defn: A bundle of grain; a handful of grain laid down by the reaper
as it is cut. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Wright.

REAPER
Reap"er, n.

1. One who reaps.
The sun-burned reapers wiping their foreheads. Macaulay.

2. A reaping machine.

REAPPAREL
Re`ap*par"el, v. t.

Defn: To clothe again.

REAPPEAR
Re`ap*pear, v. i.

Defn: To appear again.

REAPPEARANCE
Re`ap*pear"ance, v. i.

Defn: A second or new appearance; the act or state of appearing
again.

REAPPLICATION
Re*ap`pli*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of reapplying, or the state of being reapplied.

REAPPLY
Re`ap*ply", v. t. & i.

Defn: To apply again.

REAPPOINT
Re`ap*point", v. t.

Defn: To appoint again.

REAPPOINTMENT
Re`ap*point"ment, n.

Defn: The act of reappointing, or the state of being reappointed.

REAPPORTION
Re`ap*por"tion, v. t.

Defn: To apportion again.

REAPPORTIONMENT
Re`ap*por"tion*ment, n.

Defn: A second or a new apportionment.

REAPPROACH
Re`ap*proach", v. i. & t.

Defn: To approach again or anew.

REAR
Rear, adv.

Defn: Early; soon. [Prov. Eng.]
Then why does Cuddy leave his cot so rear! Gay.

REAR
Rear, n. Etym: [OF. riere behind, backward, fr. L. retro. Cf.
Arrear.]

1. The back or hindmost part; that which is behind, or last on order;
-- opposed to Ant: front.
Nipped with the lagging rear of winter's frost. Milton.

2. Specifically, the part of an army or fleet which comes last, or is
stationed behind the rest.
When the fierce foe hung on our broken rear. Milton.

REAR
Rear, a.

Defn: Being behind, or in the hindmost part; hindmost; as, the rear
rank of a company. Rear admiral, an officer in the navy, next in rank
below a vice admiral, and above a commodore. See Admiral.
 -- Rear front (Mil.), the rear rank of a body of troops when faced
about and standing in that position.
 -- Rear guard (Mil.), the division of an army that marches in the
rear of the main body to protect it; -- used also figuratively.
 -- Rear line (Mil.), the line in the rear of an army.
 -- Rear rank (Mil.), the rank or line of a body of troops which is
in the rear, or last in order.
 -- Rear sight (Firearms), the sight nearest the breech.
 -- To bring up the rear, to come last or behind.

REAR
Rear, v. t.

Defn: To place in the rear; to secure the rear of. [R.]

REAR
Rear, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reared; p. pr. & vb. n. Rearing.] Etym:
[AS. ræran to raise, rear, elevate, for ræsan, causative of risan to
rise. See Rise, and cf. Raise.]

1. To raise; to lift up; to cause to rise, become erect, etc.; to
elevate; as, to rear a monolith.
In adoration at his feet I fell Submiss; he reared me. Milton.
It reareth our hearts from vain thoughts. Barrow.
Mine [shall be] the first hand to rear her banner. Ld. Lytton.

2. To erect by building; to set up; to construct; as, to rear
defenses or houses; to rear one government on the ruins of another.
One reared a font of stone. Tennyson.

3. To lift and take up. [Obs. or R.]
And having her from Trompart lightly reared, Upon his set the lovely
load. Spenser.

4. To bring up to maturity, as young; to educate; to instruct; to
foster; as, to rear offspring.
He wants a father to protect his youth, And rear him up to virtue.
Southern.

5. To breed and raise; as, to rear cattle.

6. To rouse; to strip up. [Obs.]
And seeks the tusky boar to rear. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To lift; elevate; erect; raise, build; establish. See the Note
under Raise, 3 (c).

REAR
Rear, v. i.

Defn: To rise up on the hind legs, as a horse; to become erect.
Rearing bit, a bit designed to prevent a horse from lifting his head
when rearing. Knight.

REARDORSE; REARDOSS
Rear"dorse, Rear"doss, n.

Defn: A reredos.

REARER
Rear"er, n.

Defn: One he, or that which, rears.

REARGUE
Re*ar"gue, v. t.

Defn: To argue anew or again.

REARGUMENT
Re*ar"gu*ment, n.

Defn: An arguing over again, as of a motion made in court.

REAR-HORSE
Rear"-horse`, n. Etym: [So called because it rears up when
disturbed.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mantis.

REARLY
Rear"ly, adv.

Defn: Early. [Obs.] Beau. & Ft.

REARMOST
Rear"most`, a.

Defn: Farthest in the rear; last.

REARMOUSE; REREMOUSE
Rear"mouse`, Rere"mouse`, n. Etym: [AS. hreremus; probably fr. hreran
to agitate, stir (akin to G. rühren, Icel. hræra) + mus mouse.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The leather-winged bat (Vespertilio murinus). [Written also
reermouse.]

REARRANGE
Re`ar*range", v. t.

Defn: To arrange again; to arrange in a different way.

REARRANGEMENT
Re`ar*range"ment, n.

Defn: The act of rearranging, or the state of being rearranged.

REARWARD
Rear"ward`, n. Etym: [Rear + ward.]

Defn: The last troop; the rear of an army; a rear guard. Also used
figuratively. Shak.

REARWARD
Rear"ward, a. & adv.

Defn: At or toward the rear.

REASCEND
Re`as*cend", v. i.

Defn: To rise, mount, or climb again.

REASCEND
Re`as*cend", v. t.

Defn: To ascend or mount again; to reach by ascending again.
He mounts aloft, and reascends the skies. Addison.

REASCENSION
Re`as*cen"sion, n.

Defn: The act of reascending; a remounting.

REASCENT
Re`as*cent", n.

Defn: A returning ascent or ascension; acclivity. Cowper.

REASON
Rea"son, n. Etym: [OE. resoun, F. raison, fr. L. ratio (akin to Goth.
rapj number, account, garapjan to count, G. rede speech, reden to
speak), fr. reri, ratus, to reckon, believe, think. Cf. Arraign,
Rate, Ratio, Ration.]

1. A thought or a consideration offered in support of a determination
or an opinion; a just ground for a conclusion or an action; that
which is offered or accepted as an explanation; the efficient cause
of an occurrence or a phenomenon; a motive for an action or a
determination; proof, more or less decisive, for an opinion or a
conclusion; principle; efficient cause; final cause; ground of
argument.
I'll give him reasons for it. Shak.
The reason of the motion of the balance in a wheel watch is by the
motion of the next wheel. Sir M. Hale.
This reason did the ancient fathers render, why the church was called
"catholic." Bp. Pearson.
Virtue and vice are not arbitrary things; but there is a natural and
eternal reason for that goodness and virtue, and against vice and
wickedness. Tillotson.

2. The faculty of capacity of the human mind by which it is
distinguished from the intelligence of the inferior animals; the
higher as distinguished from the lower cognitive faculties, sense,
imagination, and memory, and in contrast to the feelings and desires.
Reason comprises conception, judgment, reasoning, and the intuitional
faculty. Specifically, it is the intuitional faculty, or the faculty
of first truths, as distinguished from the understanding, which is
called the discursive or ratiocinative faculty.
We have no other faculties of perceiving or knowing anything divine
or human, but by our five senses and our reason. P. Browne.
In common and popular discourse, reason denotes that power by which
we distinguish truth from falsehood, and right from wrong, and by
which we are enabled to combine means for the attainment of
particular ends. Stewart.
Reason is used sometimes to express the whole of those powers which
elevate man above the brutes, and constitute his rational nature,
more especially, perhaps, his intellectual powers; sometimes to
express the power of deduction or argumentation. Stewart.
By the pure reason I mean the power by which we become possessed of
principles. Coleridge.
The sense perceives; the understanding, in its own peculiar
operation, conceives; the reason, or rationalized understanding,
comprehends. Coleridge.

3. Due exercise of the reasoning faculty; accordance with, or that
which is accordant with and ratified by, the mind rightly exercised;
right intellectual judgment; clear and fair deductions from true
principles; that which is dictated or supported by the common sense
of mankind; right conduct; right; propriety; justice.
I was promised, on a time, To have reason for my rhyme. Spenser.
But law in a free nation hath been ever public reason; the enacted
reason of a parliament, which he denying to enact, denies to govern
us by that which ought to be our law; interposing his own private
reason, which to us is no law. Milton.
The most probable way of bringing France to reason would be by the
making an attempt on the Spanish West Indies. Addison.

4. (Math.)

Defn: Ratio; proportion. [Obs.] Barrow. By reason of, by means of; on
account of; because of. "Spain is thin sown of people, partly by
reason of the sterility of the soil." Bacon. In reason, In all
reason, in justice; with rational ground; in a right view.
When anything is proved by as good arguments as a thing of that kind
is capable of, we ought not, in reason, to doubt of its existence.
Tillotson.
-- It is reason, it is reasonable; it is right. [Obs.]
Yet it were great reason, that those that have children should have
greatest care of future times. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Motive; argument; ground; consideration; principle; sake;
account; object; purpose; design. See Motive, Sense.

REASON
Rea"son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reasoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Reasoning.]
Etym: [Cf. F. raisonner. See Reason, n.]

1. To exercise the rational faculty; to deduce inferences from
premises; to perform the process of deduction or of induction; to
ratiocinate; to reach conclusions by a systematic comparison of
facts.

2. Hence: To carry on a process of deduction or of induction, in
order to convince or to confute; to formulate and set forth
propositions and the inferences from them; to argue.
Stand still, that I may reason with you, before the Lord, of all the
righteous acts of the Lord. 1 Sam. xii. 7.

3. To converse; to compare opinions. Shak.

REASON
Rea"son, v. t.

1. To arrange and present the reasons for or against; to examine or
discuss by arguments; to debate or discuss; as, I reasoned the matter
with my friend.
When they are clearly discovered, well digested, and well reasoned in
every part, there is beauty in such a theory. T. Burnet.

2. To support with reasons, as a request. [R.] Shak.

3. To persuade by reasoning or argument; as, to reason one into a
belief; to reason one out of his plan.
Men that will not be reasoned into their senses. L'Estrange.

4. To overcome or conquer by adducing reasons; -- with down; as, to
reason down a passion.

5. To find by logical process; to explain or justify by reason or
argument; -- usually with out; as, to reason out the causes of the
librations of the moon.

REASONABLE
Rea"son*a*ble, a. Etym: [OE. resonable, F. raisonnable, fr. L.
rationabilis. See Reason, n.]

1. Having the faculty of reason; endued with reason; rational; as, a
reasonable being.

2. Governed by reason; being under influence of reason; thinking,
speaking or acting rationally, or according to the dictates of
reason; agreeable to reason; just; rational; as, the measure must
satisfy all reasonable men.
By indubitable certainty, I mean that which doth not admit of any
reasonable cause of doubting. Bp. Wilkins.
Men have no right to what is not reasonable. Burke.

3. Not excessive or immoderate; within due limits; proper; as, a
reasonable demand, amount, price.
Let . . . all things be thought upon That may, with reasonable
swiftness, add More feathers to you wings. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Rational; just; honest; equitable; fair; suitable; moderate;
tolerable. See Rational.

REASONABLE
Rea"son*a*ble, adv.

Defn: Reasonable; tolerably. [Obs.]
I have a reasonable good ear in music. Shak.

REASONABLENESS
Rea"son*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being reasonable.

REASONABLY
Rea"son*a*bly, adv.

1. In a reasonable manner.

2. Moderately; tolerably. "Reasonably perfect in the language."
Holder.

REASONER
Rea"son*er, n.

Defn: One who reasons or argues; as, a fair reasoner; a close
reasoner; a logical reasoner.

REASONING
Rea"son*ing, n.

1. The act or process of adducing a reason or reasons; manner of
presenting one's reasons.

2. That which is offered in argument; proofs or reasons when arranged
and developed; course of argument.
His reasoning was sufficiently profound. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Argumentation; argument.
 -- Reasoning, Argumentation. Few words are more interchanged than
these; and yet, technically, there is a difference between them.
Reasoning is the broader term, including both deduction and
induction. Argumentation denotes simply the former, and descends from
the whole to some included part; while reasoning embraces also the
latter, and ascends from a part to a whole. See Induction. Reasoning
is occupied with ideas and their relations; argumentation has to do
with the forms of logic. A thesis is set down: you attack, I defend
it; you insist, I prove; you distinguish, I destroy your
distinctions; my replies balance or overturn your objections. Such is
argumentation. It supposes that there are two sides, and that both
agree to the same rules. Reasoning, on the other hand, is often a
natural process, by which we form, from the general analogy of
nature, or special presumptions in the case, conclusions which have
greater or less degrees of force, and which may be strengthened or
weakened by subsequent experience.

REASONIST
Rea"son*ist, n.

Defn: A rationalist. [Obs.]
Such persons are now commonly called "reasonists" and "rationalists,"
to distinguish them from true reasoners and rational inquirers.
Waterland.

REASONLESS
Rea"son*less, a.

1. Destitute of reason; as, a reasonless man or mind. Shak.

2. Void of reason; not warranted or supported by reason;
unreasonable.
This proffer is absurd and reasonless. Shak.

REASSEMBLAGE
Re`as*sem"blage, n.

Defn: Assemblage a second time or again.

REASSEMBLE
Re`as*sem"ble, v. t. & i.

Defn: To assemble again.

REASSERT
Re`as*sert", v. t.

Defn: To assert again or anew; to maintain after an omission to do
so.
Let us hope . . . we may have a body of authors who will reassert our
claim to respectability in literature. Walsh.

REASSERTION
Re`as*ser"tion, n.

Defn: A second or renewed assertion of the same thing.

REASSESSMENT
Re`as*sess"ment, n.

Defn: A renewed or second assessment.

REASSIGN
Re`as*sign", v. t.

Defn: To assign back or again; to transfer back what has been
assigned.

REASSIGNMENT
Re`as*sign"ment, n.

Defn: The act of reassigning.

REASSIMILATE
Re`as*sim"i*late, v. t. & i.

Defn: To assimilate again.
 -- Re`as*sim`i*la"tion, n.

REASSOCIATE
Re`as*so"ci*ate, v. t. & i.

Defn: To associate again; to bring again into close relatoins.

REASSUME
Re`as*sume", v. t.

Defn: To assume again or anew; to resume.
 -- Re`as*sump"tion, n.

REASSURANCE
Re`as*sur"ance, n.

1. Assurance or confirmation renewed or repeated. Prynne.

2. (Law)

Defn: Same as Reinsurance.

REASSURE
Re`as*sure", v. t.

1. To assure anew; to restore confidence to; to free from fear or
terror.
They rose with fear, . . . Till dauntless Pallas reassured the rest.
Dryden.

2. To reinsure.

REASSURER
Re`as*sur"er, n.

Defn: One who reassures.

REASTY
Reas"ty, a. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Rusty and rancid; -- applied to salt meat. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Tusser.
 -- Reas"ti*ness, n. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

REATA
Re*a"ta, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A lariat.

REATTACH
Re`at*tach, v. t.

Defn: To attach again.

REATTACHMENT
Re`at*tach"ment, n.

Defn: The act of reattaching; a second attachment.

REATTAIN
Re`at*tain", v. t.

Defn: To attain again.

REATTAINMENT
Re`at*tain"ment, n.

Defn: The act of reattaining.

REATTEMPT
Re`at*tempt", v. t.

Defn: To attempt again.

REAUME
Re`aume, n.

Defn: Realm. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REAUMUR
Ré`au`mur", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur;
conformed to the scale adopted by Réaumur in graduating the
thermometer he invented.
 -- n.

Defn: A Réaumur thermometer or scale.

Note: The Réaumur thermometer is so graduated that 0º marks the
freezing point and 80º the boiling point of water. Frequently
indicated by R. Cf. Centigrade, and Fahrenheit. See Illust. of
Thermometer.

REAVE
Reave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reaved, Reft (, or Raft ( (obs.); p. pr. &
vb. n. Reaving.] Etym: [AS. reáfian, from reáf spoil, plunder,
clothing, reófan to break (cf. bireófan to deprive of); akin to G.
rauben to rob, Icel. raufa to rob, rjufa to break, violate, Goth.
biráubon to despoil, L. rumpere to break; cf. Skr. lup to break. sq.
root114. Cf. Bereave, Rob, v. t., Robe, Rove, v. t., Rupture.]

Defn: To take away by violence or by stealth; to snatch away; to rob;
to despoil; to bereave. [Archaic]. "To reave his life." Spenser.
He golden apples raft of the dragon. Chaucer.
By privy stratagem my life at home. Chapman.
To reave the orphan of his patrimony. Shak.
The heaven caught and reft him of his tongue. Tennyson.

REAVER
Reav"er, n.

Defn: One who reaves. [Archaic]

REAWAKE
Re`a*wake", v. i.

Defn: To awake again.

REBANISH
Re*ban"ish, v. t.

Defn: To banish again.

REBAPTISATION; REBAPTIZATION
Re*bap`ti*sa"tion, Re*bap`ti*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F.
rebaptisation.]

Defn: A second baptism. [Obs.] Hooker.

REBAPTISM
Re*bap"tism, n.

Defn: A second baptism.

REBAPTIZE
Re`bap*tize", v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + baptist: of F. rebaptiser, L.
rebaptizare.]

Defn: To baptize again or a second time.

REBAPTIZER
Re`bap*tiz"er, n.

Defn: One who rebaptizes.

REBARBARIZE
Re*bar"ba*rize, v. t.

Defn: To reduce again to barbarism.
 -- Re*bar`ba*ri*za"tion, n.
Germany . . . rebarbarized by polemical theology and religious wars.
Sir W. Hamilton.

REBATE
Re*bate", v. t. Etym: [F. rebattre to beat again; pref re- re- +
battre to beat, L. batuere to beat, strike. See Abate.]

1. To beat to obtuseness; to deprive of keenness; to blunt; to turn
back the point of, as a lance used for exercise.
But doth rebate and blunt his natural edge. Shak.

2. To deduct from; to make a discount from, as interest due, or
customs duties. Blount. Rebated cross, a cross which has the
extremities of the arms bent back at right angles, as in the fylfot.

REBATE
Re*bate", v. i.

Defn: To abate; to withdraw. [Obs.] Foxe.

REBATE
Re*bate", n.

1. Diminution.

2. (Com.)

Defn: Deduction; abatement; as, a rebate of interest for immediate
payment; a rebate of importation duties. Bouvier.

REBATE
Re*bate", n. Etym: [See Rabbet.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A restangular longitudinal recess or groove, cut in the corner
or edge of any body; a rabbet. See Rabbet.

2. A piece of wood hafted into a long stick, and serving to beat out
mortar. Elmes.

3. An iron tool sharpened something like a chisel, and used for
dressing and polishing wood. Elmes.

4. Etym: [Perhaps a different word.]

Defn: A kind of hard freestone used in making pavements. [R.] Elmes.

REBATE
Re*bate", v. t.

Defn: To cut a rebate in. See Rabbet, v.

REBATEMENT
Re*bate"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. rabatement, fr. rabatre to diminish,
F. rabatre.]

Defn: Same as 3d Rebate, v.

REBATO
Re*ba"to, n.

Defn: Same as Rabato. Burton.

REBEC
Re"bec, n. Etym: [F., fr. It. ribeca, ribeba, fr. Ar. rabab a musical
instrument of a round form.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument formerly used which somewhat resembled the
violin, having three strings, and being played with a bow. [Written
also rebeck.] Milton.
He turn'd his rebec to a mournful note. Drayton.

2. A contemptuous term applied to an old woman. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REBEL
Reb"el, a. Etym: [F. rebelle, fr. L. rebellis. See Rebel, v. t.]

Defn: Pertaining to rebels or rebellion; acting in revolt;
rebellious; as, rebel troops.
Whoso be rebel to my judgment. Chaucer.
Convict by flight, and rebel to all law. Milton.

REBEL
Reb"el, n. Etym: [F. rebelle.]

Defn: One who rebels.

Syn.
 -- Revolter; insurgent.
 -- Rebel, Insurgent. Insurgent marks an early, and rebel a more
advanced, stage of opposition to government. The former rises up
against his rulers, the latter makes war upon them.

REBEL
Re*bel", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rebelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Rebelling.]
Etym: [F. rebeller, fr. L. rebellare to make war again; pref. re-
again + bellare to make war, fr. bellum war. See Bellicose, and cf.
Revel to carouse.]

1. To renounce, and resist by force, the authority of the ruler or
government to which one owes obedience. See Rebellion.
The murmur and the churl's rebelling. Chaucer.
Ye have builded you an altar, that ye might rebel this day against
the Lord. Josh. xxii. 16.

2. To be disobedient to authority; to assume a hostile or
insubordinate attitude; to revolt.
Hoe could my hand rebel against my heart How could you heart rebel
against your reason Dryden.

REBELDOM
Reb"el*dom, n.

Defn: A region infested by rebels; rebels, considered collectively;
also, conduct o Thackeray.

REBELLER
Re*bel"ler, n.

Defn: One who rebels; a rebel.

REBELLION
Re*bel"lion, n. Etym: [F. rébellion, L. rebellio. See Rebel, v. t.
Among the Romans rebellion was originally a revolt or open resistance
to their government by nations that had been subdued in war. It was a
renewed war.]

1. The act of rebelling; open and avowed renunciation of the
authority of the government to which one owes obedience, and
resistances to its officers and laws, either by levying war, or by
aiding others to do so; an organized uprising of subjects for the
purpose of coercing or overthrowing their lawful ruler or government
by force; revolt; insurrection.
No sooner is the standard of rebellion displayed than men of
desperate principles resort to it. Ames.

2. Open resistances to, or defiance of, lawful authority. Commission
of rebellion (Eng. Law), a process of contempt on the nonappearance
of a defendant, -- non abolished. Wharton. Burrill.

Syn.
 -- Insurrection; sedition; revolt; mutiny; resistances; contumacy.
See Insurrection.

REBELLIOUS
Re*bel"lious, a.

Defn: Engaged in rebellion; disposed to rebel of the nature of rebels
or of rebellion; resisting government or lawful authority by force.
"Thy rebellious crew." "Proud rebellious arms." Milton.
 -- Re*bel"lious*ly, adv.
 -- Re*bel"lious*ness, n.

REBELLOW
Re*bel"low, v. i.

Defn: To bellow again; to repeat or echo a bellow.
The cave rebellowed, and the temple shook. Dryden.

REBITING
Re*bit"ing, n. (Etching)

Defn: The act or process of deepening worn lines in an etched plate
by submitting it again to the action if acid. Fairholt.

REBLOOM
Re*bloom", v. i.

Defn: To bloom again. Crabbe.

REBLOSSOM
Re*blos"som, v. i.

Defn: To blossom again.

REBOANT
Re*bo"ant, a. Etym: [L. reboans, p. pr. of reboare; pref. re- re- +
boare to cry aloud.]

Defn: Rebellowing; resounding loudly. [R.] Mrs. Browning.

REBOATION
Re`bo*a"tion, n.

Defn: Repetition of a bellow. [R.] Bp. Patrick.

REBOIL
Re*boil", v. t. & i. Etym: [Pref. re- + boil: cf. F. rebouillir.]

1. To boil, or to cause to boil, again.

2. Fig.: To make or to become hot. [Obs.]
Some of his companions thereat reboyleth. Sir T. Elyot.

REBORN
Re*born", p. p.

Defn: Born again.

REBOUND
Re*bound", v. i. Etym: [Pref. re- + bound: cf. F. rebondir.]

1. To spring back; to start back; to be sent back or reverberated by
elastic force on collision with another body; as, a rebounding echo.
Bodies which are absolutely hard, or so soft as to be void of
elasticity, will not rebound from one another. Sir I. Newton.

2. To give back an echo. [R.] T. Warton.

3. To bound again or repeatedly, as a horse. Pope. Rebounding lock
(Firearms), one in which the hammer rebounds to half cock after
striking the cap or primer.

REBOUND
Re*bound", v. t.

Defn: To send back; to reverberate.
Silenus sung; the vales his voice rebound. Dryden.

REBOUND
Re*bound", n.

Defn: The act of rebounding; resilience.
Flew . . . back, as from a rock, with swift rebound. Dryden.

REBOZO
Re*bo"zo, n. [Sp. rebozo.]

Defn: A kind of mantilla worn by women over the head and shoulders,
and sometimes over part of the face. [Mexico & Sp. Amer.]

REBRACE
Re*brace", v. t.

Defn: To brace again. Gray.

REBREATHE
Re*breathe", v. t.

Defn: To breathe again.

REBUCOUS
Re*bu"cous, a.

Defn: Rebuking. [Obs.]
She gave unto him many rebucous words. Fabyan.

REBUFF
Re*buff", n. Etym: [It. ribuffo, akin to ribuffare to repulse; pref.
ri- (L. re-) + buffo puff. Cf. Buff to strike, Buffet a blow.]

1. Repercussion, or beating back; a quick and sudden resistance.
The strong rebuff of some tumultuous cloud. Milton.

2. Sudden check; unexpected repulse; defeat; refusal; repellence;
rejection of solicitation.

REBUFF
Re*buff", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rebuffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Rebuffing.]

Defn: To beat back; to offer sudden resistance to; to check; to repel
or repulse violently, harshly, or uncourteously.

REBUILD
Re*build", v. t.

Defn: To build again, as something which has been demolished; to
construct anew; as, to rebuild a house, a wall, a wharf, or a city.

REBUILDER
Re*build"er, n.

Defn: One who rebuilds. Bp. Bull.

REBUKABLE
Re*buk"a*ble, a.

Defn: Worthy of rebuke or reprehension; reprehensible. Shak.

REBUKE
Re*buke", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rebuked; p. pr. & vb. n. Rebuking.]
Etym: [OF. rebouquier to dull, blunt, F. reboucher; perhaps fr. pref.
re- re- + bouche mouth, OF. also bouque, L. bucca cheek; if so, the
original sense was, to stop the mouth of; hence, to stop, obstruct.]

Defn: To check, silence, or put down, with reproof; to restrain by
expression of disapprobation; to reprehend sharply and summarily; to
chide; to reprove; to admonish.
The proud he tamed, the penitent he cheered, Nor to rebuke the rich
offender feared. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To reprove; chide; check; chasten; restrain; silence. See
Reprove.

REBUKE
Re*buke", n.

1. A direct and pointed reproof; a reprimand; also, chastisement;
punishment.
For thy sake I have suffered rebuke. Jer. xv. 15.
Why bear you these rebukes and answer not Shak.

2. Check; rebuff. [Obs.] L'Estrange. To be without rebuke, to live
without giving cause of reproof or censure; to be blameless.

REBUKEFUL
Re*buke"ful, a.

Defn: Containing rebuke; of the nature of rebuke. [Obs.] --
Re*buke"ful*ly, adv. [Obs.]

REBUKER
Re*buk"er, n.

Defn: One who rebukes.

REBUKINGLY
Re*buk"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of rebuke.

REBULLITION
Re`bul*li"tion, n.

Defn: The act of boiling up or effervescing. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

REBURY
Re*bur"y, v. t.

Defn: To bury again. Ashmole.

REBUS
Re"bus, n.; pl. Rebuses. Etym: [L. rebus by things, abl. pl. of res a
thing: cf. F. rébus. Cf. 3d things, abl. pl. of res a thing: cf. F.
rébus. Cf. 3d Real.]

1. A mode of expressing words and phrases by pictures of objects
whose names resemble those words, or the syllables of which they are
composed; enigmatical representation of words by figures; hence, a
peculiar form of riddle made up of such representations.

Note: A gallant, in love with a woman named Rose Hill, had,
embroidered on his gown, a rose, a hill, an eye, a loaf, and a well,
signifying, Rose Hill I love well.

2. (Her.)

Defn: A pictorial suggestion on a coat of arms of the name of the
person to whom it belongs. See Canting arms, under Canting.

REBUS
Re"bus, v. t.

Defn: To mark or indicate by a rebus.
He [John Morton] had a fair library rebused with More in text and Tun
under it. Fuller.

REBUT
Re*but", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rebutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rebutting.]
Etym: [OF. reb to repulse, drive back; pref. re- + bouter to push,
thrust. See 1st Butt, Boutade.]

1. To drive or beat back; to repulse.
Who him, recount'ring fierce, as hawk in flight, Perforce rebutted
back. Spenser.

2. (Law)

Defn: To contradict, meet, or oppose by argument, plea, or
countervailing proof. Abbott.

REBUT
Re*but", v. i.

1. To retire; to recoil. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. (Law)

Defn: To make, or put in, an answer, as to a plaintiff's
surrejoinder.
The plaintiff may answer the rejoinder by a surrejoinder; on which
the defendant. Blackstone.

REBUTTABLE
Re*but"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being rebutted.

REBUTTAL
Re*but"tal, n. (Law)

Defn: The giving of evidence on the part of a plaintiff to destroy
the effect of evidence introduced by the defendant in the same suit.

REBUTTER
Re*but"ter, n. (Law)

Defn: The answer of a defendant in matter of fact to a plaintiff's
surrejoinder.

RECADENCY
Re*ca"den*cy, n.

Defn: A falling back or descending a second time; a relapse. W.
Montagu.

RECALCITRANT
Re*cal"ci*trant, a. Etym: [L. recalcitrans, p. pr. of recalcitrare to
kick back; pref. re- re- + calcitrare to kick, fr. calx heel. Cf.
Inculcate.]

Defn: Kicking back; recalcitrating; hence, showing repugnance or
opposition; refractory.

RECALCITRATE
Re*cal"ci*trate, v. t.

Defn: To kick against; to show repugnance to; to rebuff.
The more heartily did one disdain his disdain, and recalcitrate his
tricks. De Quincey.

RECALCITRATE
Re*cal"ci*trate, v. i.

Defn: To kick back; to kick against anything; hence, to express
repugnance or opposition.

RECALCITRATION
Re*cal`ci*tra"tion, n.

Defn: A kicking back again; opposition; repugnance; refractoriness.

RECALL
Re*call", v. t.

1. To call back; to summon to return; as, to recall troops; to recall
an ambassador.

2. To revoke; to annul by a subsequent act; to take back; to
withdraw; as, to recall words, or a decree.
Passed sentence may not be recall'd. Shak.

3. To call back to mind; to revive in memory; to recollect; to
remember; as, to recall bygone days.

RECALL
Re*call", n.

1. A calling back; a revocation.
'T his done, and since 't is done, 't is past recall. Dryden.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A call on the trumpet, bugle, or drum, by which soldiers are
recalled from duty, labor, etc. Wilhelm.

RECALLABLE
Re*call"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being recalled.

RECALLMENT
Re*call"ment, n.

Defn: Recall. [R.] R. Browning.

RECANT
Re*cant", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Recanting.]
Etym: [L. recantare, recantatum, to recall, recant; pref. re- re- +
cantare to sing, to sound. See 3d Cant, Chant.]

Defn: To withdraw or repudiate formally and publicly (opinions
formerly expressed); to contradict, as a former declaration; to take
back openly; to retract; to recall.
How soon . . . ease would recant Vows made in pain, as violent and
void! Milton.

Syn.
 -- To retract; recall; revoke; abjure; disown; disavow. See
Renounce.

RECANT
Re*cant", v. i.

Defn: To revoke a declaration or proposition; to unsay what has been
said; to retract; as, convince me that I am wrong, and I will recant.
Dryden.

RECANTATION
Re`can*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of recanting; a declaration that contradicts a former
one; that which is thus asserted in contradiction; retraction.
The poor man was imprisoned for this discovery, and forced to make a
public recantation. Bp. Stillingfleet.

RECANTER
Re*cant"er, n.

Defn: One who recants.

RECAPACITATE
Re`ca*pac"i*tate, v. t.

Defn: To qualify again; to confer capacity on again. Atterbury.

RECAPITULATE
Re*ca*pit"u*late, v. t. Etym: [L. recapitulare, recapitulatum; pref.
re- re- + capitulum a small head, chapter, section. See Capitulate.]

Defn: To repeat, as the principal points in a discourse, argument, or
essay; to give a summary of the principal facts, points, or arguments
of; to relate in brief; to summarize.

RECAPITULATE
Re`ca*pit"u*late, v. i.

Defn: To sum up, or enumerate by heads or topics, what has been
previously said; to repeat briefly the substance.

RECAPITULATION
Re`ca*pit`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [LL. recapitulatio: cf. F.
recapitulation.]

Defn: The act of recapitulating; a summary, or concise statement or
enumeration, of the principal points, facts, or statements, in a
preceding discourse, argument, or essay.

RECAPITULATOR
Re`ca*pit"u*la`tor, n.

Defn: One who recapitulates.

RECAPITULATORY
Re`ca*pit"u*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of the nature of a recapitulation; containing recapitulation.

RECAPPER
Re*cap"per, n. (Firearms)

Defn: A tool used for applying a fresh percussion cap or primer to a
cartridge shell in reloading it.

RECAPTION
Re*cap"tion, n. (Law)

Defn: The act of retaking, as of one who has escaped after arrest;
reprisal; the retaking of one's own goods, chattels, wife, or
children, without force or violence, from one who has taken them and
who wrongfully detains them. Blackstone. Writ of recaption (Law), a
writ to recover damages for him whose goods, being distrained for
rent or service, are distrained again for the same cause.Wharton.

RECAPTOR
Re*cap"tor, n.

Defn: One who recaptures; one who takes a prize which had been
previously taken.

RECAPTURE
Re*cap"ture, n.

1. The act of retaking or recovering by capture; especially, the
retaking of a prize or goods from a captor.

2. That which is captured back; a prize retaken.

RECAPTURE
Re*cap"ture, v. t.

Defn: To capture again; to retake.

RECARBONIZE
Re*car"bon*ize, v. t. (Metal.)

Defn: To restore carbon to; as, to recarbonize iron in converting it
into steel.

RECARNIFY
Re*car"ni*fy, v. t.

Defn: To convert again into flesh. [Obs.] Howell.

RECARRIAGE
Re*car"riage, n.

Defn: Act of carrying back.

RECARRY
Re*car"ry, v. t.

Defn: To carry back. Walton.

RECAST
Re*cast", v. t.

1. To throw again. Florio.

2. To mold anew; to cast anew; to throw into a new from a shape; to
reconstruct; as, to recast cannon; to recast an argument or a play.

3. To compute, or cast up, a second time.

RECCHE
Rec"che, v. i.

Defn: To reck. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RECCHELES
Rec"che*les, a.

Defn: Reckless. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RECEDE
Re*cede", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Receded; p. pr. & vb. n. Receding.]
Etym: [L. recedere, recessum; pref. re- re- + cedere to go, to go
along: cf. F. recéder. See Cede.]

1. To move back; to retreat; to withdraw.
Like the hollow roar Of tides receding from the instituted shore.
Dryden.
All bodies moved circularly endeavor to recede from the center.
Bentley.

2. To withdraw a claim or pretension; to desist; to relinquish what
had been proposed or asserted; as, to recede from a demand or
proposition.

Syn.
 -- To retire; retreat; return; retrograde; withdraw; desist.

RECEDE
Re*cede", v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + cede. Cf. Recede, v. t.]

Defn: To cede back; to grant or yield again to a former possessor;
as, to recede conquered territory.

RECEIPT
Re*ceipt", n. Etym: [OE. receite, OF. recete, recepte, F. recette,
fr. L. recipere, receptum, to receive. See Receive.]

1. The act of receiving; reception. "At the receipt of your letter."
Shak.

2. Reception, as an act of hospitality. [Obs.]
Thy kind receipt of me. Chapman.

3. Capability of receiving; capacity. [Obs.]
It has become a place of great receipt. Evelyn.

4. Place of receiving. [Obs.]
He saw a man, named Matthew, sitting at the receipt of custom. Matt.
ix. 9.

5. Hence, a recess; a retired place. [Obs.] "In a retired receipt
together lay." Chapman.

6. A formulary according to the directions of which things are to be
taken or combined; a recipe; as, a receipt for making sponge cake.
She had a receipt to make white hair black. Sir T. Browne.

7. A writing acknowledging the taking or receiving of goods
delivered; an acknowledgment of money paid.

8. That which is received; that which comes in, in distinction from
what is expended, paid out, sent away, and the like; -- usually in
the plural; as, the receipts amounted to a thousand dollars. Cross
receipts. See under Gross, a.

RECEIPT
Re*ceipt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Receipted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Receipting.]

1. To give a receipt for; as, to receipt goods delivered by a
sheriff.

2. To put a receipt on, as by writing or stamping; as, to receipt a
bill.

RECEIPT
Re*ceipt", v. i.

Defn: To give a receipt, as for money paid.

RECEIPTMENT
Re*ceipt"ment, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: The receiving or harboring a felon knowingly, after the
commission of a felony. Burrill.

RECEIPTOR
Re*ceipt"or, n.

Defn: One who receipts; specifically (Law), one who receipts for
property which has been taken by the sheriff.

RECEIT
Re*ceit", n.

Defn: Receipt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RECEIVABILITY
Re*ceiv`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being receivable; receivableness.

RECEIVABLE
Re*ceiv"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. recevable.]

Defn: Capable of being received.
 -- Re*ceiv"a*ble*ness, n. Bills receivable. See under 6th Bill.

RECEIVE
Re*ceive", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Received; p. pr. & vb. n. Receiving.]
Etym: [OF. receiver, recevoir, F. recevoir, fr. L. recipere; pref.
re- re- + capere to take, seize. See See Capable, Heave, and cf.
Receipt, Reception, Recipe.]

1. To take, as something that is offered, given, committed, sent,
paid, or the like; to accept; as, to receive money offered in payment
of a debt; to receive a gift, a message, or a letter.
Receyven all in gree that God us sent. Chaucer.

2. Hence: To gain the knowledge of; to take into the mind by assent
to; to give admission to; to accept, as an opinion, notion, etc.; to
embrace.
Our hearts receive your warnings. Shak.
The idea of solidity we receives by our touch. Locke.

3. To allow, as a custom, tradition, or the like; to give credence or
acceptance to.
Many other things there be which they have received to hold, as the
washing of cups, and pots. Mark vii. 4.

4. To give admittance to; to permit to enter, as into one's house,
presence, company, and the like; as, to receive a lodger, visitor,
ambassador, messenger, etc.
They kindled a fire, and received us every one. Acts xxviii. 2.

5. To admit; to take in; to hold; to contain; to have capacity fro;
to be able to take in.
The brazen altar that was before the Lord was too little to receive
the burnt offerings. 1 Kings viii. 64.

6. To be affected by something; to suffer; to be subjected to; as, to
receive pleasure or pain; to receive a wound or a blow; to receive
damage.
Against his will he can receive no harm. Milton.

7. To take from a thief, as goods known to be stolen.

8. (Lawn Tennis)

Defn: To bat back (the ball) when served. Receiving ship, one on
board of which newly recruited sailors are received, and kept till
drafted for service.

Syn.
 -- To accept; take; allow; hold; retain; admit.
 -- Receive, Accept. To receive describes simply the act of taking.
To accept denotes the taking with approval, or for the purposes for
which a thing is offered. Thus, we receive a letter when it comes to
hand; we receive news when it reaches us; we accept a present when it
is offered; we accept an invitation to dine with a friend.
Who, if we knew What we receive, would either not accept Life
offered, or soon beg to lay it down. Milton.

RECEIVE
Re*ceive", v. i.

1. To receive visitors; to be at home to receive calls; as, she
receives on Tuesdays.

2. (Lawn Tennis)

Defn: To return, or bat back, the ball when served; as, it is your
turn to receive.

RECEIVEDNESS
Re*ceiv"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being received, accepted, or current;
as, the receivedness of an opinion. Boyle.

RECEIVER
Re*ceiv"er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. receveur.]

1. One who takes or receives in any manner.

2. (Law)

Defn: A person appointed, ordinarily by a court, to receive, and hold
in trust, money or other property which is the subject of litigation,
pending the suit; a person appointed to take charge of the estate and
effects of a corporation, and to do other acts necessary to winding
up its affairs, in certain cases. Bouvier.

3. One who takes or buys stolen goods from a thief, knowing them to
be stolen. Blackstone.

4. (Chem.)
(a) A vessel connected with an alembic, a retort, or the like, for
receiving and condensing the product of distillation.
(b) A vessel for receiving and containing gases.

5. (Pneumatics)

Defn: The glass vessel in which the vacuum is produced, and the
objects of experiment are put, in experiments with an air pump. Cf.
Bell jar, and see Illust. of Air pump.

6. (Steam Engine)
(a) A vessel for receiving the exhaust steam from the high-pressure
cylinder before it enters the low-pressure cylinder, in a compound
engine.
(b) A capacious vessel for receiving steam from a distant boiler, and
supplying it dry to an engine.

7. That portion of a telephonic apparatus, or similar system, at
which the message is received and made audible; -- opposed to
transmitter. Exhausted receiver (Physics), a receiver, as that used
with the air pump, from which the air has been withdrawn; a vessel
the interior of which is a more or less complete vacuum.

RECEIVER'S CERTIFICATE
Re*ceiv"er's cer*tif"i*cate.

Defn: An acknowledgement of indebtedness made by a receiver under
order of court to obtain funds for the preservation of the assets
held by him, as for operating a railroad. Receivers' certificates are
ordinarily a first lien on the assets, prior to that of bonds or
other securities.

RECEIVERSHIP
Re*ceiv"er*ship, n.

Defn: The state or office of a receiver.

RECELEBRATE
Re*cel"e*brate, v. t.

Defn: To celebrate again, or anew.
 -- Re*cel`e*bra"tion, n.

RECENCY
Re"cen*cy, n. Etym: [LL. recentia, fr. L. recens. See Recent.]

Defn: The state or quality of being recent; newness; new state; late
origin; lateness in time; freshness; as, the recency of a
transaction, of a wound, etc.

RECENSE
Re*cense", v. t. Etym: [L. recensere; pref. re- again + censere to
value, estimate: cf. F. recenser.]

Defn: To review; to revise. [R.] Bentley.

RECENSION
Re*cen"sion, n. Etym: [L. recensio: cf. F. recension.]

1. The act of reviewing or revising; review; examination;
enumeration. Barrow.

2. Specifically, the review of a text (as of an ancient author) by an
editor; critical revisal and establishment.

3. The result of such a work; a text established by critical
revision; an edited version.

RECENSIONIST
Re*cen"sion*ist, n.

Defn: One who makes recensions; specifically, a critical editor.

RECENT
Re"cent, a. Etym: [L. recens, -entis: cf. F. récent.]

1. Of late origin, existence, or occurrence; lately come; not of
remote date, antiquated style, or the like; not already known,
familiar, worn out, trite, etc.; fresh; novel; new; modern; as,
recent news.
The ancients were of opinion, that a considerable portion of that
country [Egypt] was recent, and formed out of the mud discharged into
the neighboring sea by the Nile. Woodward.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the present or existing epoch; as, recent
shells.

RECENTER
Re*cen"ter, v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + center.]

Defn: To center again; to restore to the center. Coleridge.

RECENTLY
Re"cent*ly, adv.

Defn: Newly; lately; freshly; not long since; as, advices recently
received.

RECENTNESS
Re"cent*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being recent.

RECEPTACLE
Re*cep"ta*cle, n. Etym: [F. réceptacle, L. receptaculum, fr.
receptare, v. intens. fr. recipere to receive. See Receive.]

1. That which serves, or is used, fro receiving and containing
something, as a basket, a vase, a bag, a reservoir; a repository.
O sacred receptacle of my joys! Shak.

2. (Bot.)
(a) The apex of the flower stalk, from which the organs of the flower
grow, or into which they are inserted. See Illust. of Flower, and
Ovary.
(b) The dilated apex of a pedicel which serves as a common support to
a head of flowers.
(c) An intercellular cavity containing oil or resin or other matters.
(d) A special branch which bears the fructification in many
cryptogamous plants.

RECEPTACULAR
Rec`ep*tac"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. réceptaculaire.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to the receptacle, or growing on it; as, the
receptacular chaff or scales in the sunflower.

RECEPTACULUM
Rec`ep*tac"u*lum, n.; pl. Receptacula. Etym: [L.] (Anat.)

Defn: A receptacle; as, the receptaculum of the chyle.

RECEPTARY
Rec"ep*ta*ry, a.

Defn: Generally or popularly admitted or received. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

RECEPTARY
Rec"ep*ta*ry, n.

Defn: That which is received. [Obs.] "Receptaries of philosophy." Sir
T. Browne.

RECEPTIBILITY
Re*cep`ti*bil"i*ty, n.

1. The quality or state of being receptible; receivableness.

2. A receptible thing. [R.] Glanvill.

RECEPTIBLE
Re*cep"ti*ble, a. Etym: [L. receptibilis.]

Defn: Such as may be received; receivable.

RECEPTION
Re*cep"tion, n. Etym: [F. réception, L. receptio, fr. recipere,
receptum. See Receive.]

1. The act of receiving; receipt; admission; as, the reception of
food into the stomach; the reception of a letter; the reception of
sensation or ideas; reception of evidence.

2. The state of being received.

3. The act or manner of receiving, esp. of receiving visitors;
entertainment; hence, an occasion or ceremony of receiving guests;
as, a hearty reception; an elaborate reception.
What reception a poem may find. Goldsmith.

4. Acceptance, as of an opinion or doctrine.
Philosophers who have quitted the popular doctrines of their
countries have fallen into as extravagant opinions as even common
reception countenanced. Locke.

5. A retaking; a recovery. [Obs.] Bacon.

RECEPTIVE
Re*cep"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. réceptif. See Receive.]

Defn: Having the quality of receiving; able or inclined to take in,
absorb, hold, or contain; receiving or containing; as, a receptive
mind.
Imaginary space is receptive of all bodies. Glanvill.

RECEPTIVENESS
Re*cep"tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being receptive.

RECEPTIVITY
Rec`ep*tiv"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. réceptivité.]

1. The state or quality of being receptive.

2. (Kantian Philos.)

Defn: The power or capacity of receiving impressions, as those of the
external senses.

RECEPTORY
Re*cep"to*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. receptorium a place of shelter.]

Defn: Receptacle. [Obs.] Holland.

RECESS
Re*cess", n. Etym: [L. recessus, fr. recedere, recessum. See Recede.]

1. A withdrawing or retiring; a moving back; retreat; as, the recess
of the tides.
Every degree of ignorance being so far a recess and degradation from
rationality. South.
My recess hath given them confidence that I may be conquered. Eikon
Basilike.

2. The state of being withdrawn; seclusion; privacy.
In the recess of the jury they are to consider the evidence. Sir M.
Hale.
Good verse recess and solitude requires. Dryden.

3. Remission or suspension of business or procedure; intermission, as
of a legislative body, court, or school.
The recess of . . . Parliament lasted six weeks. Macaulay.

4. Part of a room formed by the receding of the wall, as an alcove,
niche, etc.
A bed which stood in a deep recess. W. Irving.

5. A place of retirement, retreat, secrecy, or seclusion.
Departure from his happy place, our sweet Recess, and only
consolation left. Milton.

6. Secret or abstruse part; as, the difficulties and recesses of
science. I. Watts.

7. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: A sinus.

RECESS
Re*cess", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recessed; p. pr. & vb. n. Recessing.]

Defn: To make a recess in; as, to recess a wall.

RECESS
Re*cess", n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: A decree of the imperial diet of the old German empire. Brande
& C.

RECESSED
Re*cessed", a.

1. Having a recess or recesses; as, a recessed arch or wall.

2. Withdrawn; secluded. [R.] "Comfortably recessed from curious
impertinents." Miss Edgeworth. Recessed arch (Arch.), one of a series
of arches constructed one within another so as to correspond with
splayed jambs of a doorway, or the like.

RECESSION
Re*ces"sion, n. Etym: [L. recessio, fr. recedere, recessum. See
Recede.]

Defn: The act of receding or withdrawing, as from a place, a claim,
or a demand. South.
Mercy may rejoice upon the recessions of justice. Jer. Taylor.

RECESSION
Re*ces"sion, n. Etym: [Pref. re- + cession.]

Defn: The act of ceding back; restoration; repeated cession; as, the
recession of conquered territory to its former sovereign.

RECESSIONAL
Re*ces"sion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to recession or withdrawal. Recessional hymn,
a hymn sung in a procession returning from the choir to the robing
room.

RECESSIVE
Re*ces"sive, a.

Defn: Going back; receding.

RECHABITE
Re"chab*ite, n. (Jewish Hist.)

Defn: One of the descendants of Jonadab, the son of Rechab, all of
whom by his injunction abstained from the use of intoxicating drinks
and even from planting the vine. Jer. xxxv. 2-19. Also, in modern
times, a member of a certain society of abstainers from alcoholic
liquors.

RECHANGE
Re*change", v. t. & i.

Defn: To change again, or change back.

RECHARGE
Re*charge", v. t. & i. Etym: [Pref. re- + charge: cf. F. recharger.]

1. To charge or accuse in return.

2. To attack again; to attack anew. Dryden.

RECHARTER
Re*char"ter, n.

Defn: A second charter; a renewal of a charter. D. Webster.

RECHARTER
Re*char"ter, v. t.

Defn: To charter again or anew; to grant a second or another charter
to.

RECHASE
Re*chase", v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + chase: cf. F. rechasser.]

Defn: To chase again; to chase or drive back.

RECHAUFFE
Ré`chauf`fé", n. [F., orig. p.p. of réchauffer 8warm over. See Chafe,
v. t.]

Defn: A dish of food that has been warmed again, hence, fig.,
something made up from old material; a rehash.

It is merely a réchauffé of ancient philosophies.
F. W. H. Myers.

RECHEAT
Re*cheat", n. Etym: [F. requêté, fr. requêter to hunt anew. See
Request.] (Sporting)

Defn: A strain given on the horn to call back the hounds when they
have lost track of the game.

RECHEAT
Re*cheat", v. i.

Defn: To blow the recheat. Drayton.

RECHERCHE
Re*cher`ché", a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Sought out with care; choice. Hence: of rare quality, elegance,
or attractiveness; peculiar and refined in kind.

RECHLESS
Rech"less, a.

Defn: Reckless. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

RECHOOSE
Re*choose", v. t.

Defn: To choose again.

RECIDIVATE
Re*cid"i*vate, v. i. Etym: [LL. recidivare. See Recidivous.]

Defn: To baskslide; to fall again. [Obs.]

RECIDIVATION
Re*cid`i*va"tion, n. Etym: [LL. recidivatio.]

Defn: A falling back; a backsliding. Hammond.

RECIDIVISM
Re*cid"i*vism, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being recidivous; relapse, specif.
(Criminology),

Defn: a falling back or relapse into prior criminal habits, esp.
after conviction and punishment.

The old English system of recognizances, in which the guilty party
deposits a sum of money, is an excellent guarantee to society against
recidivism.
Havelock Ellis.

RECIDIVIST
Re*cid"i*vist, n.

Defn: One who is recidivous or is characterized by recidivism; an
incorrigible criminal. -- Re*cid`i*vis"tic (#), a.

The criminal by passion never becomes a recidivist, it is the social,
not the antisocial, instincts that are strong within him, his crime
is a solitary event in his life.
Havelock Ellis.

RECIDIVOUS
Re*cid"i*vous, a. Etym: [L. r, fr. recidere to fall back.]

Defn: Tending or liable to backslide or r

RECIPE
Rec"i*pe, n.; pl. Recipes. Etym: [L., imperative of recipere to take
back, take in, receive. See Receive.]

Defn: A formulary or prescription for making some combination,
mixture, or preparation of materials; a receipt; especially, a
prescription for medicine.

RECIPIANGLE
Re*cip"i*an`gle, n. Etym: [L. recipere to take + angulus angle.]

Defn: An instrument with two arms that are pivoted together at one
end, and a graduated arc, -- used by military engineers for measuring
and laying off angles of fortifications.

RECIPIENCE; RECIPIENCY
Re*cip"i*ence, Re*cip"i*en*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being recipient; a receiving;
reception; receptiveness.

RECIPIENT
Re*cip"i*ent, n. Etym: [L. recipiens, -entis, receiving, p. pr. of
recipere to receive: cf. F. récipient. See Receive.]

Defn: A receiver; the person or thing that receives; one to whom, or
that to which, anything is given or communicated; specifically, the
receiver of a still.

RECIPIENT
Re*cip"i*ent, a.

Defn: Receiving; receptive.

RECIPROCAL
Re*cip"ro*cal, a. Etym: [L. reciprocus; of unknown origin.]

1. Recurring in vicissitude; alternate.

2. Done by each to the other; interchanging or interchanged; given
and received; due from each to each; mutual; as, reciprocal love;
reciprocal duties.
Let our reciprocal vows be remembered. Shak.

3. Mutually interchangeable.
These two rules will render a definition reciprocal with the thing
defined. I. Watts.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: Reflexive; -- applied to pronouns and verbs, but sometimes
limited to such pronouns as express mutual action.

5. (Math.)

Defn: Used to denote different kinds of mutual relation; often with
reference to the substitution of reciprocals for given quantities.
See the Phrases below. Reciprocal equation (Math.), one which remains
unchanged in form when the reciprocal of the unknown quantity is
substituted for that quantity.
 -- Reciprocal figures (Geom.), two figures of the same kind (as
triangles, parallelograms, prisms, etc.), so related that two sides
of the one form the extremes of a proportion of which the means are
the two corresponding sides of the other; in general, two figures so
related that the first corresponds in some special way to the second,
and the second corresponds in the same way to the first.
 -- Reciprocal proportion (Math.), a proportion such that, of four
terms taken in order, the first has to the second the same ratio
which the fourth has to the third, or the first has to the second the
same ratio which the reciprocal of the third has to the reciprocal of
the fourth. Thus, 2:5: :20:8 form a reciprocal proportion, because
2:5: :1/20:1/8.
 -- Reciprocal quantities (Math.), any two quantities which produce
unity when multiplied together.
 -- Reciprocal ratio (Math.), the ratio between the reciprocals of
two quantities; as, the reciprocal ratio of 4 to 9 is that of ¼ to
1/9.
 -- Reciprocal terms (Logic), those terms which have the same
signification, and, consequently, are convertible, and may be used
for each other.

Syn.
 -- Mutual; alternate.
 -- Reciprocal, Mutual. The distinctive idea of mutual is, that the
parties unite by interchange in the same act; as, a mutual covenant;
mutual affection, etc. The distinctive idea of reciprocal is, that
one party acts by way of return or response to something previously
done by the other party; as, a reciprocal kindness; reciprocal
reproaches, etc. Love is reciprocal when the previous affection of
one party has drawn forth the attachment of the other. To make it
mutual in the strictest sense, the two parties should have fallen in
love at the same time; but as the result is the same, the two words
are here used interchangeably. The ebbing and flowing of the tide is
a case where the action is reciprocal, but not mutual.

RECIPROCAL
Re*cip"ro*cal, n.

1. That which is reciprocal to another thing.
Corruption is a reciprocal to generation. Bacon.

2. (Arith. & Alg.)

Defn: The quotient arising from dividing unity by any quantity; thus
¼ is the reciprocal of 4; 1/(a + b) is the reciprocal of a + b. The
reciprocal of a fraction is the fraction inverted, or the denominator
divided by the numerator.

RECIPROCALITY
Re*cip`ro*cal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being reciprocal; reciprocalness.
[R.]

RECIPROCALLY
Re*cip"ro*cal*ly, adv.

1. In a reciprocal manner; so that each affects the other, and is
equally affected by it; interchangeably; mutually.
These two particles to reciprocally affect each other with the same
force. Bentley.

2. (Math.)

Defn: In the manner of reciprocals. Reciprocally proportional (Arith.
& Alg.), proportional, as two variable quantities, so that the one
shall have a constant ratio to the reciprocal of the other.

RECIPROCALNESS
Re*cip"ro*cal*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being reciprocal; mutual return;
alternateness.

RECIPROCATE
Re*cip"ro*cate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Reciprocated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reciprocating.] Etym: [L. reciprocatus, p. p. of reciprocare. See
Reciprocal.]

Defn: To move forward and backward alternately; to recur in
vicissitude; to act interchangeably; to alternate.
One brawny smith the puffing bellows plies, And draws and blows
reciprocating air. Dryden.
Reciprocating engine, a steam, air, or gas engine, etc., in which the
piston moves back and forth; -- in distinction from a rotary engine,
in which the piston travels continuously in one direction in a
circular path.
 -- Reciprocating motion (Mech.), motion alternately backward and
forward, or up and down, as of a piston rod.

RECIPROCATE
Re*cip"ro*cate, v. t.

Defn: To give and return mutually; to make return for; to give in
return; to unterchange; to alternate; as, to reciprocate favors.
Cowper.

RECIPROCATION
Re*cip`ro*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. reciprocatio: cf. F. reciprocation.]

1. The act of reciprocating; interchange of acts; a mutual giving and
returning; as, the reciprocation of kindness.

2. Alternate recurrence or action; as, the reciprocation of the sea
in the flow and ebb of tides. Sir T. Browne.

RECIPROCITY
Rec`i*proc"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. réciprocité. See Reciprocal.]

1. Mutual action and reaction.

2. Reciprocal advantages, obligations, or rights; reciprocation.
Reciprocity treaty, or Treaty of reciprocity, a treaty concluded
between two countries, conferring equal privileges as regards customs
or charges on imports, or in other respects.

Syn.
 -- Reciprocation; interchange; mutuality.

RECIPROCORNOUS
Re*cip`ro*cor"nous, a. Etym: [L. reciprocus returning, reciprocal +
cornu horn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having horns turning backward and then forward, like those of a
ram. [R.] Ash.

RECIPROCOUS
Re*cip"ro*cous, a.

Defn: Reciprocal. [Obs.]

RECIPROK
Rec"i*prok, a. Etym: [F. réciproque, L. reciprocus.]

Defn: Reciprocal. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

RECIPROQUE
Rec"i*proque, a. & n. Etym: [F. réciproque.]

Defn: Reciprocal. Bacon.

RECISION
Re*ci"sion, n. Etym: [L. recisio, fr. recidere, recisum, to cut off;
pref. re- re- + caedere to cut.]

Defn: The act of cutting off. Sherwood.

RECITAL
Re*cit"al, n. Etym: [From Recite.]

1. The act of reciting; the repetition of the words of another, or of
a document; rehearsal; as, the recital of testimony.

2. A telling in detail and due order of the particulars of anything,
as of a law, an adventure, or a series of events; narration. Addison.

3. That which is recited; a story; a narration.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A vocal or instrumental performance by one person; --
distinguished from concert; as, a song recital; an organ, piano, or
violin recital.

5. (Law)

Defn: The formal statement, or setting forth, of some matter of fact
in any deed or writing in order to explain the reasons on which the
transaction is founded; the statement of matter in pleading
introductory to some positive allegation. Burn.

Syn.
 -- Account; rehearsal; recitation; narration; description;
explanation; enumeration; detail; narrative. See Account.

RECITATION
Rec`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. recitatio: cf. F. récitation. See
Recite.]

1. The act of reciting; rehearsal; repetition of words or sentences.
Hammond.

2. The delivery before an audience of something committed to memory,
especially as an elocutionary exhibition; also, that which is so
delivered.

3. (Colleges and Schools)

Defn: The rehearsal of a lesson by pupils before their instructor.

RECITATIVE
Rec`i*ta*tive", n. Etym: [It. recitativo, or F. récitatif. See
Recite.] (Mus.)

Defn: A species of musical recitation in which the words are
delivered in manner resembling that of ordinary declamation; also, a
piece of music intended for such recitation; -- opposed to melisma.

RECITATIVE
Rec`i*ta*tive", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to recitation; intended for musical recitation
or declamation; in the style or manner of recitative.
 -- Rec`i*ta*tive"ly, adv.

RECITATIVO
Rec`i*ta*ti"vo, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Recitative.

RECITE
Re*cite", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recited; p. pr. & vb. n. Reciting.]
Etym: [F. réciter, fr. L. recitare, recitatum; pref. re- re- + citare
to call or name, to cite. See Cite.]

1. To repeat, as something already prepared, written down, committed
to memory, or the like; to deliver from a written or printed
document, or from recollection; to rehearse; as, to recite the words
of an author, or of a deed or covenant.

2. To tell over; to go over in particulars; to relate; to narrate;
as, to recite past events; to recite the particulars of a voyage.

3. To rehearse, as a lesson to an instructor.

4. (Law)

Defn: To state in or as a recital. See Recital, 5.

Syn.
 -- To rehearse; narrate; relate; recount; describe; recapitulate;
detail; number; count.

RECITE
Re*cite", v. i.

Defn: To repeat, pronounce, or rehearse, as before an audience,
something prepared or committed to memory; to rehearse a lesson
learned.

RECITE
Re*cite", n.

Defn: A recital. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

RECITER
Re*cit"er, n.

Defn: One who recites; also, a book of extracts for recitation.

RECK
Reck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recked (obs. imp. Roughte); p. pr. & vb. n.
Recking.] Etym: [AS. reccan, remccan, to care for; akin to OS.
rokian, OHG. ruochan, G. geruhen, Icel. rækja, also to E. reckon,
rake an implement. See Rake, and cf. Reckon.]

1. To make account of; to care for; to heed; to regard. [Archaic]
This son of mine not recking danger. Sir P. Sidney.
And may you better reck the rede Than ever did the adviser. Burns.

2. To concern; -- used impersonally. [Poetic]
What recks it them Milton.

RECK
Reck, v. i.

Defn: To make account; to take heed; to care; to mind; -- often
followed by of. [Archaic]
Then reck I not, when I have lost my life. Chaucer.
I reck not though I end my life to-day. Shak.
Of me she recks not, nor my vain desire. M. Arnold.

RECKLESS
Reck"less, a. Etym: [AS. recceleás, receleás.]

1. Inattentive to duty; careless; neglectful; indifferent. Chaucer.

2. Rashly negligent; utterly careless or heedless.
It made the king as reckless as them diligent. Sir P. Sidney.

Syn.
 -- Heedless; careless; mindless; thoughtless; negligent;
indifferent; regardless; unconcerned; inattentive; remiss; rash.
 -- Reck"less*ly, adv.
 -- Reck"less*ness, n.

RECKLING
Reck"ling, a.

Defn: Needing care; weak; feeble; as, a reckling child. H. Taylor.
 -- n.

Defn: A weak child or animal. Tennyson.

RECKON
Reck"on, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reckoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Reckoning.]
Etym: [OE. rekenen, AS. gerecenian to explain; akin to D. rekenen to
reckon, G. rechnen, OHG. rahnjan), and to E. reck, rake an implement;
the original sense probably being, to bring together, count together.
See Reck, v. t.]

1. To count; to enumerate; to number; also, to compute; to calculate.
The priest shall reckon to him the money according to the years that
remain. Lev. xxvii. 18.
I reckoned above two hundred and fifty on the outside of the church.
Addison.

2. To count as in a number, rank, or series; to estimate by rank or
quality; to place by estimation; to account; to esteem; to repute.
He was reckoned among the transgressors. Luke xxii. 37.
For him I reckon not in high estate. Milton.

3. To charge, attribute, or adjudge to one, as having a certain
quality or value.
Faith was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness. Rom. iv. 9.
Without her eccentricities being reckoned to her for a crime.
Hawthorne.

4. To conclude, as by an enumeration and balancing of chances; hence,
to think; to suppose; -- followed by an objective clause; as, I
reckon he won't try that again. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]

Syn.
 -- To number; enumerate; compute; calculate; estimate; value;
esteem; account; repute. See Calculate, Guess.

RECKON
Reck"on, v. i.

1. To make an enumeration or computation; to engage in numbering or
computing. Shak.

2. To come to an accounting; to make up accounts; to settle; to
examine and strike the balance of debt and credit; to adjust
relations of desert or penalty.
"Parfay," sayst thou, "sometime he reckon shall." Chaucer. To reckon
for, to answer for; to pay the account for. "If they fail in their
bounden duty, they shall reckon for it one day." Bp. Sanderson.
 -- To reckon on or upon, to count or depend on.
 -- To reckon with, to settle accounts or claims with; -- used
literally or figuratively.
After a long time the lord of those servants cometh, and reckoneth
with them. Matt. xxv. 19.
-- To reckon without one's host, to ignore in a calculation or
arrangement the person whose assent is essential; hence, to reckon
erroneously.

RECKONER
Reck"on*er, n.

Defn: One who reckons or computes; also, a book of calculation,
tables, etc., to assist in reckoning.
Reckoners without their host must reckon twice. Camden.

RECKONING
Reck"on*ing, n.

1. The act of one who reckons, counts, or computes; the result of
reckoning or counting; calculation. Specifically:
(a) An account of time. Sandys.
(b) Adjustment of claims and accounts; settlement of obligations,
liabilities, etc.
Even reckoning makes lasting friends, and the way to make reckonings
even is to make them often. South.
He quitted London, never to return till the day of a terrible and
memorable reckoning had arrived. Macaulay.

2. The charge or account made by a host at an inn.
A coin would have a nobler use than to pay a reckoning. Addison.

3. Esteem; account; estimation.
You make no further reckoning of it [beauty] than of an outward
fading benefit nature bestowed. Sir P. Sidney.

4. (Navigation)
(a) The calculation of a ship's position, either from astronomical
observations, or from the record of the courses steered and distances
sailed as shown by compass and log, -- in the latter case called dead
reckoning (see under Dead); -- also used fro dead reckoning in
contradistinction to observation.
(b) The position of a ship as determined by calculation. To be out of
her reckoning, to be at a distance from the place indicated by the
reckoning; -- said of a ship.

RECLAIM
Re*claim", v. t.

Defn: To claim back; to demand the return of as a right; to attempt
to recover possession of.
A tract of land [Holland] snatched from an element perpetually
reclaiming its prior occupancy. W. Coxe.

RECLAIM
Re*claim", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reclaimed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reclaiming.] Etym: [F. réclamer, L. reclamare, reclamatum, to cry out
against; pref. re- re- + clamare to call or cry aloud. See Claim.]

1. To call back, as a hawk to the wrist in falconry, by a certain
customary call. Chaucer.

2. To call back from flight or disorderly action; to call to, for the
purpose of subduing or quieting.
The headstrong horses hurried Octavius . . . along, and were deaf to
his reclaiming them. Dryden.

3. To reduce from a wild to a tamed state; to bring under discipline;
-- said especially of birds trained for the chase, but also of other
animals. "An eagle well reclaimed." Dryden.

4. Hence: To reduce to a desired state by discipline, labor,
cultivation, or the like; to rescue from being wild, desert, waste,
submerged, or the like; as, to reclaim wild land, overflowed land,
etc.

5. To call back to rectitude from moral wandering or transgression;
to draw back to correct deportment or course of life; to reform.
It is the intention of Providence, in all the various expressions of
his goodness, to reclaim mankind. Rogers.

6. To correct; to reform; -- said of things. [Obs.]
Your error, in time reclaimed, will be venial. Sir E. Hoby.

7. To exclaim against; to gainsay. [Obs.] Fuller.

Syn.
 -- To reform; recover; restore; amend; correct.

RECLAIM
Re*claim", v. i.

1. To cry out in opposition or contradiction; to exclaim against
anything; to contradict; to take exceptions.
Scripture reclaims, and the whole Catholic church reclaims, and
Christian ears would not hear it. Waterland.
At a later period Grote reclaimed strongly against Mill's setting
Whately above Hamilton. Bain.

2. To bring anyone back from evil courses; to reform.
They, hardened more by what might most reclaim, Grieving to see his
glory . . . took envy. Milton.

3. To draw back; to give way. [R. & Obs.] Spenser.

RECLAIM
Re*claim", n.

Defn: The act of reclaiming, or the state of being reclaimed;
reclamation; recovery. [Obs.]

RECLAIMABLE
Re*claim"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be reclaimed.

RECLAIMANT
Re*claim"ant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. réclamant, p. pr.]

Defn: One who reclaims; one who cries out against or contradicts.

RECLAIMER
Re*claim"er, n.

Defn: One who reclaims.

RECLAIMLESS
Re*claim"less, a.

Defn: That can not be reclaimed.

RECLAMATION
Rec`la*ma"tion, n. Etym: [F. réclamation, L. reclamatio. See
Reclaim.]

1. The act or process of reclaiming.

2. Representation made in opposition; remonstrance.
I would now, on the reclamation both of generosity and of justice,
try clemency. Landor.

RECLASP
Re*clasp", v. i.

Defn: To clasp or unite again.

RECLINANT
Re*clin"ant, a. Etym: [L. reclinans, p. pr. See Recline.]

Defn: Bending or leaning backward.

RECLINATE
Rec"li*nate, a. Etym: [L. reclinatus, p. p.] (Bot.)

Defn: Reclined, as a leaf; bent downward, so that the point, as of a
stem or leaf, is lower than the base.

RECLINATION
Rec`li*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. réclinaison.]

1. The act of leaning or reclining, or the state of being reclined.

2. (Dialing)

Defn: The angle which the plane of the dial makes with a vertical
plane which it intersects in a horizontal line. Brande & C.

3. (Surg.)

Defn: The act or process of removing a cataract, by applying the
needle to its anterior surface, and depressing it into the vitreous
humor in such a way that front surface of the cataract becomes the
upper one and its back surface the lower one. Dunglison.

RECLINE
Re*cline", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reclined; p. pr. & vb. n. Reclining.]
Etym: [L. reclinare; pref. re- re- + clinare to lean, incline. See
Incline, Lean to incline.]

Defn: To cause or permit to lean, incline, rest, etc., to place in a
recumbent position; as, to recline the head on the hand.
The mother Reclined her dying head upon his breast. Dryden.

RECLINE
Re*cline", v. i.

1. To lean or incline; as, to recline against a wall.

2. To assume, or to be in, a recumbent position; as, to recline on a
couch.

RECLINE
Re*cline", a. Etym: [L. reclinis. See Recline, v. t.]

Defn: Having a reclining posture; leaning; reclining. [R.]
They sat, recline On the soft downy bank, damasked with flowers.
Milton.

RECLINED
Re*clined", a. (Bot.)

Defn: Falling or turned downward; reclinate.

RECLINER
Re*clin"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, reclines.

RECLINING
Re*clin"ing, a. (Bot.)
(a) Bending or curving gradually back from the perpendicular.
(b) Recumbent. Reclining dial, a dial whose plane is inclined to the
vertical line through its center. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict.).

RECLOSE
Re*close", v. t.

Defn: To close again. Pope.

RECLOTHE
Re*clothe", v. t.

Defn: To clothe again.

RECLUDE
Re*clude", v. t. Etym: [L. recludere to unclose, open; pref. re-
again, back, un- + claudere to shut.]

Defn: To open; to unclose. [R.] Harvey.

RECLUSE
Re*cluse", a. Etym: [L. reclus, L. reclusus, from recludere,
reclusum, to unclose, open, in LL., to shut up. See Close.]

Defn: Shut up, sequestered; retired from the world or from public
notice; solitary; living apart; as, a recluse monk or hermit; a
recluse life
In meditation deep, recluse From human converse. J. Philips.

RECLUSE
Re*cluse", n. Etym: [F. reclus, LL. reclusus. See Recluse, a.]

1. A person who lives in seclusion from intercourse with the world,
as a hermit or monk; specifically, one of a class of secluded
devotees who live in single cells; usually attached to monasteries.

2. The place where a recluse dwells. [Obs.] Foxe.

RECLUSE
Re*cluse", v. t.

Defn: To shut; to seclude. [Obs.]

RECLUSELY
Re*cluse"ly, adv.

Defn: In a recluse or solitary manner.

RECLUSENESS
Re*cluse"ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being recluse.

RECLUSION
Re*clu"sion, n. Etym: [LL. reclusio: cf. F. reclusion.]

Defn: A state of retirement from the world; seclusion.

RECLUSIVE
Re*clu"sive, a.

Defn: Affording retirement from society. "Some reclusive and
religious life." Shak.

RECLUSORY
Re*clu"so*ry, n. Etym: [LL. reclosorium.]

Defn: The habitation of a recluse; a hermitage.

RECOCT
Re*coct", v. t. Etym: [L. recoctus, p. p. of recoquere to cook or
boil over again. See Re-, and 4th Cook.]

Defn: To boil or cook again; hence, to make over; to vamp up; to
reconstruct. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

RECOCTION
Re*coc"tion, n.

Defn: A second coction or preparation; a vamping up.

RECOGNITION
Rec`og*ni"tion, n. Etym: [L. recognitio: cf. F. recognition. See
Recognizance.]

Defn: The act of recognizing, or the state of being recognized;
acknowledgment; formal avowal; knowledge confessed or avowed; notice.
The lives of such saints had, at the time of their yearly memorials,
solemn recognition in the church of God. Hooker.

RECOGNITOR
Re*cog"ni*tor, n. Etym: [LL.] (Law)

Defn: One of a jury impaneled on an assize. Blackstone.

RECOGNITORY
Re*cog"ni*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or connected with, recognition.

RECOGNIZABILITY
Rec`og*ni`za*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being recognizable.

RECOGNIZABLE
Rec"og*ni`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being recognized. [Written also recognisable.] --
Rec"og*ni`za*bly, adv.

RECOGNIZANCE
Re*cog"ni*zance, n. Etym: [F. reconnaissance, OF. recognoissance, fr.
recognoissant, p. pr. of recognoistre to recognize, F. reconnaître,
fr. L. recognoscere; pref. re- re- + cognoscere to know. See
Cognizance, Know, and cf. Recognize, Reconnoissance.] [Written also
recognisance.]

1. (Law)
(a) An obligation of record entered into before some court of record
or magistrate duly authorized, with condition to do some particular
act, as to appear at the same or some other court, to keep the peace,
or pay a debt. A recognizance differs from a bond, being witnessed by
the record only, and not by the party's seal.
(b) The verdict of a jury impaneled upon assize. Cowell.

Note: Among lawyers the g in this and the related words (except
recognize) is usually silent.

2. A token; a symbol; a pledge; a badge.
That recognizance and pledge of love Which I first gave her. Shak.

3. Acknowledgment of a person or thing; avowal; profession;
recognition.

RECOGNIZATION
Re*cog`ni*za"tion, n.

Defn: Recognition. [R.]

RECOGNIZE
Rec"og*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recognized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Recognizing.] Etym: [From Recognizance; see Cognition, and cf.
Reconnoiter.] [Written also recognise.]

1. To know again; to perceive the identity of, with a person or thing
previously known; to recover or recall knowledge of.
Speak, vassal; recognize thy sovereign queen. Harte.

2. To avow knowledge of; to allow that one knows; to consent to
admit, hold, or the like; to admit with a formal acknowledgment; as,
to recognize an obligation; to recognize a consul.

3. To acknowledge acquaintance with, as by salutation, bowing, or the
like.

4. To show appreciation of; as, to recognize services by a
testimonial.

5. To review; to reëxamine. [Obs.] South.

6. To reconnoiter. [Obs.] R. Monro.

Syn.
 -- To acknowledge; avow; confess; own; allow; concede. See
Acknowledge.

RECOGNIZE
Rec"og*nize, v. i. (Law)

Defn: To enter an obligation of record before a proper tribunal; as,
A, B recognized in the sum of twenty dollars. [Written also
recognise.]

Note: In legal usage in the United States the second syllable is
often accented.

RECOGNIZEE
Re*cog`ni*zee", n. (Law)

Defn: The person in whose favor a recognizance is made. [Written also
recognisee.] Blackstone.

RECOGNIZER
Rec"og*ni`zer, n.

Defn: One who recognizes; a recognizor. [Written also recogniser.]

RECOGNIZOR; RECOGNISOR
Re*cog`ni*zor", Re*cog`ni*sor", n. (Law)

Defn: One who enters into a recognizance. [Written also recognisor.]
Blackstone.

RECOGNOSCE
Rec"og*nosce, v. t. Etym: [L. recognoscere. See Recognizance.]

Defn: To recognize. [R. & Obs.] Boyle.

RECOIL
Re*coil", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Recoiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Recoiling.]
Etym: [OE. recoilen, F. reculer, fr. L. pref. re- re- + culus the
fundament. The English word was perhaps influenced in form by
accoil.]

1. To start, roll, bound, spring, or fall back; to take a reverse
motion; to be driven or forced backward; to return.
Evil on itself shall back recoil. Milton.
The solemnity of her demeanor made it impossible . . . that we should
recoil into our ordinary spirits. De Quincey.

2. To draw back, as from anything repugnant, distressing, alarming,
or the like; to shrink. Shak.

3. To turn or go back; to withdraw one's self; to retire. [Obs.] "To
your bowers recoil." Spenser.

RECOIL
Re*coil", v. t.

Defn: To draw or go back. [Obs.] Spenser.

RECOIL
Re*coil", n.

1. A starting or falling back; a rebound; a shrinking; as, the recoil
of nature, or of the blood.

2. The state or condition of having recoiled.
The recoil from formalism is skepticism. F. W. Robertson.

3. Specifically, the reaction or rebounding of a firearm when
discharged. Recoil dynamometer (Gunnery), an instrument for measuring
the force of the recoil of a firearm.
 -- Recoil escapement See the Note under Escapement.

RECOILER
Re*coil"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, recoils.

RECOILINGLY
Re*coil"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a recoil.

RECOILMENT
Re*coil"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. reculement.]

Defn: Recoil. [R.]

RECOIN
Re*coin", v. t.

Defn: To coin anew or again.

RECOINAGE
Re*coin"age, n.

1. The act of coining anew.

2. That which is coined anew.

RE-COLLECT
Re`-col*lect", v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + collect.]

Defn: To collect again; to gather what has been scattered; as, to re-
collect routed troops.
God will one day raise the dead, re-collecting our scattered dust.
Barrow.

RECOLLECT
Rec`ol*lect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recollected; imp. & p. p.
Recollecting.] Etym: [Pref. re- + collect: cf. L. recolligere,
recollectum, to collect. Cf. Recollet.]

1. To recover or recall the knowledge of; to bring back to the mind
or memory; to remember.

2. Reflexively, to compose one's self; to recover self-command; as,
to recollect one's self after a burst of anger; -- sometimes,
formerly, in the perfect participle.
The Tyrian queen . . . Admired his fortunes, more admired the man;
Then recollected stood. Dryden.

RECOLLECT
Rec"ol*lect, n. Etym: [See Recollet.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A friar of the Strict Observance, -- an order of Franciscans.
[Written also Recollet.] Addis & Arnold.

RECOLLECTION
Rec`ol*lec"tion (rk`l*lk"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. récollection.]

1. The act of recollecting, or recalling to the memory; the operation
by which objects are recalled to the memory, or ideas revived in the
mind; reminiscence; remembrance.

2. The power of recalling ideas to the mind, or the period within
which things can be recollected; remembrance; memory; as, an event
within my recollection.

3. That which is recollected; something called to mind; reminiscence.
"One of his earliest recollections." Macaulay.

4. The act or practice of collecting or concentrating the mind;
concentration; self-control. [Archaic]
From such an education Charles contracted habits of gravity and
recollection. Robertson.

Syn.
 -- Reminiscence; remembrance. See Memory.

RECOLLECTIVE
Rec`ol*lect"ive (-lk"tv), a.

Defn: Having the power of recollecting. J. Foster.

RECOLLET
Rec"ol*let (rk"l*lt; F. r`k`l"), n. Etym: [F. récollet, fr. L.
recollectus, p.p. of recolligere to gather again, to gather up; NL.,
to collect one's self, esp. for religious contemplation.] (Eccl.)

Defn: Same as Recollect, n.

RECOLONIZATION
Re*col`o*ni*za"tion (r*kl`*n*z"shn), n.

Defn: A second or renewed colonization.

RECOLONIZE
Re*col"o*nize (r*kl"*nz), v. t.

Defn: To colonize again.

RECOMBINATION
Re*com`bi*na"tion (r*km`b*n"shn), n.

Defn: Combination a second or additional time.

RECOMBINE
Re`com*bine" (r`km*bn"), v. t.

Defn: To combine again.

RECOMFORT
Re*com"fort (r*km"frt), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + comfort: cf. F.
réconforter.]

Defn: To comfort again; to console anew; to give new strength to.
Bacon.
Gan her recomfort from so sad affright. Spenser.

RECOMFORTLESS
Re*com"fort*less, a.

Defn: Without comfort. [Obs.]

RECOMFORTURE
Re*com"for*ture (-fr*tr;135), n.

Defn: The act of recomforting; restoration of comfort. [Obs.] Shak.

RECOMMENCE
Re`com*mence" (r`km*mns"), v. i.

1. To commence or begin again. Howell.

2. To begin anew to be; to act again as. [Archaic.]
He seems desirous enough of recommencing courtier. Johnson.

RECOMMENCE
Re`com*mence", v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + commence: cf. F.
recommencer.]

Defn: To commence again or anew.

RECOMMENCEMENT
Re`com*mence"ment (-mnt), n.

Defn: A commencement made anew.

RECOMMEND
Rec`om*mend" (rk`m*mnd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recommended; p. pr. &
vb. n. Recommending.] Etym: [Pref. re- + commend: cf. F.
recommander.]

1. To commend to the favorable notice of another; to commit to
another's care, confidence, or acceptance, with favoring
representations; to put in a favorable light before any one; to
bestow commendation on; as, he recommended resting the mind and
exercising the body.
Mæcenas recommended Virgil and Horace to Augustus, whose praises . .
. have made him precious to posterity. Dryden.

2. To make acceptable; to attract favor to.
A decent boldness ever meets with friends, Succeeds, and e'en a
stranger recommends. Pope.

3. To commit; to give in charge; to commend.
Paul chose Silas and departed, being recommended by the brethren unto
the grace of God. Acts xv. 40
.

RECOMMENDABLE
Rec`om*mend"a*ble (-*b'l), a. Etym: [Cf. F. recommandable.]

Defn: Suitable to be recommended; worthy of praise; commendable.
Glanvill.
 -- Rec`om*mend"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Rec`om*mend"a*bly, adv.

RECOMMENDATION
Rec`om*men*da"tion (rk`m*mn*d"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. recommandation.]

1. The act of recommending.

2. That which recommends, or commends to favor; anything procuring,
or tending to procure, a favorable reception, or to secure acceptance
and adoption; as, he brought excellent recommendations.

3. The state of being recommended; esteem. [R.]
The burying of the dead . . . hath always been had in an
extraordinary recommendation amongst the ancient. Sir T. North.

RECOMMENDATIVE
Rec`om*mend"a*tive (-mnd"*tv), n.

Defn: That which recommends; a recommendation. [Obs.]

RECOMMENDATORY
Rec`om*mend"a*to*ry (-*t*r), a.

Defn: Serving to recommend; recommending; commendatory. Swift.

RECOMMENDER
Rec`om*mend"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who recommends.

RECOMMISSION
Re`com*mis"sion (r`km*mshn), v. t.

Defn: To commission again; to give a new commission to.
Officers whose time of service had expired were to be recommissioned.
Marshall.

RECOMMIT
Re`com*mit" (-mt"), v. t.

Defn: To commit again; to give back into keeping; specifically, to
refer again to a committee; as, to recommit a bill to the same
committee.

RECOMMITMENT; RECOMMITTAL
Re`com*mit"ment (-mnt), Re`com*mit"tal (-l), n.

Defn: A second or renewed commitment; a renewed reference to a
committee.

RECOMPACT
Re`com*pact" (-pkt"), v. t.

Defn: To compact or join anew. "Recompact my scattered body." Donne.

RECOMPENSATION
Re*com`pen*sa"tion (r*km`pn*s"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. LL. recompensatio.]

1. Recompense. [Obs.]

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: Used to denote a case where a set-off pleaded by the defendant
is met by a set-off pleaded by the plaintiff.

RECOMPENSE
Rec"om*pense (rèk"òm*pèns), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recompensed (-pnst);
p. pr. & vb. n. Recompensing (-pn`sng).] Etym: [F. récompenser, LL.
recompensare, fr.L. pref. re- re- + compensare to compensate. See
Compensate.]

1. To render an equivalent to, for service, loss, etc.; to requite;
to remunerate; to compensate.
He can not recompense me better. Shak.

2. To return an equivalent for; to give compensation for; to atone
for; to pay for.
God recompenseth the gift. Robynson (More's Utopia).
To recompense My rash, but more unfortunate, misdeed. Milton.

3. To give in return; to pay back; to pay, as something earned or
deserved. [R.]
Recompense to no man evil for evil. Rom. xii. 17.

Syn.
 -- To repay; requite; compensate; reward; remunerate.

RECOMPENSE
Rec"om*pense (rk"m*pns), v. i.

Defn: To give recompense; to make amends or requital. [Obs.]

RECOMPENSE
Rec"om*pense, n. Etym: [Cf. F. récompense.]

Defn: An equivalent returned for anything done, suffered, or given;
compensation; requital; suitable return.
To me belongeth vengeance, and recompense. Deut. xxii. 35.
And every transgression and disobedience received a just recompense
of reward. Heb. ii. 2.

Syn.
 -- Repayment; compensation; remuneration; amends; satisfaction;
reward; requital.

RECOMPENSEMENT
Rec"om*pense`ment (-pns`mnt), n.

Defn: Recompense; requital. [Obs.] Fabyan.

RECOMPENSER
Rec"om*pen`ser (-pn`sr), n.

Defn: One who recompenses.
A thankful recompenser of the benefits received. Foxe.

RECOMPENSIVE
Rec"om*pen`sive (-sv), a.

Defn: Of the nature of recompense; serving to recompense. Sir T.
Browne.

RECOMPILATION
Re*com`pi*la"tion (r*km`p*l"tion), n.

Defn: A new compilation.

RECOMPILE
Re`com*pile" (re`kòm*pil"), v. t.

Defn: To compile anew.

RECOMPILEMENT
Re`com*pile"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act of recompiling; new compilation or digest; as, a
recompilement of the laws. Bacon.

RECOMPOSE
Re`com*pose" (-pz"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recomposed (-pzd"); p. pr. &
vb. n. Recomposing.] Etym: [Pref. re- + compose: cf. F. recomposer.]

1. To compose again; to form anew; to put together again or
repeatedly.
The far greater number of the objects presented to our observation
can only be decomposed, but not actually recomposed. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. To restore to composure; to quiet anew; to tranquilize; as, to
recompose the mind. Jer. Taylor.

RECOMPOSER
Re`com*pos"er (-pz"r), n.

Defn: One who recomposes.

RECOMPOSITION
Re*com`po*si"tion (r*km`pzshn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. recomposition.]

Defn: The act of recomposing.

RECONCENTRADO
Re*con`cen*tra"do, n. [Sp., p.p. of reconcentrar to inclose, to
reconcentrate.]

Defn: Lit., one who has been reconcentrated; specif., in Cuba, the
Philippines, etc., during the revolution of 1895-98, one of the rural
noncombatants who were concentrated by the military authorities in
areas surrounding the fortified towns, and later were reconcentrated
in the smaller limits of the towns themselves.

RECONCENTRATE
Re`con*cen"trate, v. t. & i.

Defn: To concentrate again; to concentrate thoroughly.

RECONCENTRATION
Re*con`cen*tra"tion, n.

Defn: The act of reconcentrating or the state of being
reconcentrated; esp., the act or policy of concentrating the rural
population in or about towns and villages for convenience in
political or military administration, as in Cuba during the
revolution of 1895-98.

RECONCILABLE
Rec"on*ci`la*ble (rk"n*s`l*b'l), a. Etym: [Cf. F. réconciliable.]

Defn: Capable of being reconciled; as, reconcilable adversaries; an
act reconciable with previous acts.
The different accounts of the numbers of ships are reconcilable.
Arbuthnot.
-- Rec"on*ci`la*ble*ness, n.
 -- Rec"on*ci`la*bly, adv.

RECONCILE
Rec"on*cile` (-sl`), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reconciled (-sld`); p. pr. &
vb. n. Reconciling.] Etym: [F. réconcilier, L. reconciliare; pref.
re- re- + conciliare to bring together, to unite. See Conciliate.]

1. To cause to be friendly again; to conciliate anew; to restore to
friendship; to bring back to harmony; to cause to be no longer at
variance; as, to reconcile persons who have quarreled.
Propitious now and reconciled by prayer. Dryden.
The church [if defiled] is interdicted till it be reconciled [i.e.,
restored to sanctity] by the bishop. Chaucer.
We pray you . . . be ye reconciled to God. 2 Cor. v. 20.

2. To bring to acquiescence, content, or quiet submission; as, to
reconcile one's self to affictions.

3. To make consistent or congruous; to bring to agreement or
suitableness; -- followed by with or to.
The great men among the ancients understood how to reconcile manual
labor with affairs of state. Locke.
Some figures monstrous and misshaped appear, Considered singly, or
beheld too near; Which, but proportioned to their light or place, Due
distance reconciles to form and grace. Pope.

4. To adjust; to settle; as, to reconcile differences.

Syn.
 -- To reunite; conciliate; placate; propitiate; pacify; appease.

RECONCILE
Rec"on*cile`, v. i.

Defn: To become reconciled. [Obs.]

RECONCILEMENT
Rec"on*cile`ment (-ment), n.

Defn: Reconciliation. Milton.

RECONCILER
Rec"on*ci`ler (-s`lr), n.

Defn: One who reconciles.

RECONCILIATION
Rec`on*cil`i*a"tion (-sl`*"shn), n. Etym: [F. réconciliation, L.
reconciliatio.]

1. The act of reconciling, or the state of being reconciled;
reconcilenment; restoration to harmony; renewal of friendship.
Reconciliation and friendship with God really form the basis of all
rational and true enjoyment. S. Miller.

2. Reduction to congruence or consistency; removal of inconsistency;
harmony.
A clear and easy reconciliation of those seeming inconsistencies of
Scripture. D. Rogers.

Syn.
 -- Reconciliment; reunion; pacification; appeasement; propitiation;
atonement; expiation.

RECONCILIATORY
Rec`on*cil"i*a*to*ry (-sl"**t*r), a.

Defn: Serving or tending to reconcile. Bp. Hall.

RECONDENSATION
Re*con`den*sa"tion (r*kn`dn*s"shn), n.

Defn: The act or process of recondensing.

RECONDENSE
Re`con*dense" (r`kn*dns"), v. t.

Defn: To condense again.

RECONDITE
Rec"on*dite (rk"n*dt or r*kn"dt;277), a. Etym: [L. reconditus, p. p.
of recondere to put up again, to lay up, to conceal; pref. re- re- +
condere to bring or lay together. See Abscond.]

1. Hidden from the mental or intellectual view; secret; abstruse; as,
recondite causes of things.

2. Dealing in things abstruse; profound; searching; as, recondite
studies. "Recondite learning." Bp. Horsley.

RECONDITORY
Re*con"di*to*ry (rkn"d*t*r), n. Etym: [LL. reconditorium.]

Defn: A repository; a storehouse. [Obs.] Ash.

RECONDUCT
Re`con*duct" (r`kn*dkt"), v. t.

Defn: To conduct back or again. "A guide to reconduct thy steps."
Dryden.

RECONFIRM
Re`con*firm" (-frm"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + confirm: cf. F.
reconfirmer.]

Defn: To confirm anew. Clarendon.

RECONFORT
Re`con*fort" (-frt"), v. t. Etym: [F. réconforter.]

Defn: To recomfort; to comfort. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RECONJOIN
Re`con*join" (r`kn*join"), v. t.

Defn: To join or conjoin anew. Boyle.

RECONNOISSANCE; RECONNAISSANCE
Re*con"nois*sance, Re*con"nais*sance (r-kn"ns-sns), n. Etym: [F. See
Recognizance.]

Defn: The act of reconnoitering; preliminary examination or survey.
Specifically:
(a) (Geol.) An examination or survey of a region in reference to its
general geological character. (b) (Engin.)

Defn: An examination of a region as to its general natural features,
preparatory to a more particular survey for the purposes of
triangulation, or of determining the location of a public work.
(c) (Mil.) An examination of a territory, or of an enemy's position,
for the purpose of obtaining information necessary for directing
military operations; a preparatory expedition. Reconnoissance in
force (Mil.), a demonstration or attack by a large force of troops
for the purpose of discovering the position and strength of an enemy.

RECONNOITER; RECONNOITRE
Rec`on*noi"ter, Rec`on*noi"tre (rk`n*noi"tr), v. t. Etym: [F.
reconnoitre, a former spelling of reconnaître. See Recognize.]

1. To examine with the eye to make a preliminary examination or
survey of; esp., to survey with a view to military or engineering
operations.

2. To recognize. [Obs.] Sir H. Walpole.

RECONQUER
Re*con"quer (r*kn"kr), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + conquer: cf. F.
reconquérir.]

Defn: To conquer again; to recover by conquest; as, to reconquer a
revolted province.

RECONQUEST
Re*con"quest (-kwst), n.

Defn: A second conquest.

RECONSECRATE
Re*con"se*crate (-kn"s*krt), v. t.

Defn: To consecrate anew or again.

RECONSECRATION
Re*con`se*cra"tion, n.

Defn: Renewed consecration.

RECONSIDER
Re`con*sid"er (r`kn*sd"r), v. t.

1. To consider again; as, to reconsider a subject.

2. (Parliamentary Practice)

Defn: To take up for renewed consideration, as a motion or a vote
which has been previously acted upon.

RECONSIDERATION
Re`con*sid`er*a"tion (-"shn), n.

Defn: The act of reconsidering, or the state of being reconsidered;
as, the reconsideration of a vote in a legislative body.

RECONSOLATE
Re*con"so*late (r*kn"s*lt), v. t.

Defn: To console or comfort again. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

RECONSOLIDATE
Re`con*sol"i*date (r`kn*sl"*dt), v. t.

Defn: To consolidate anew or again.

RECONSOLIDATION
Re`con*sol`i*da"tion (-d"shn), n.

Defn: The act or process of reconsolidating; the state of being
reconsolidated.

RECONSTRUCT
Re`con*struct" (-strkt"), v. t.

Defn: To construct again; to rebuild; to remodel; to form again or
anew.
Regiments had been dissolved and reconstructed. Macaulay.

RECONSTRUCTION
Re`con*struc"tion (-strk"shn), n.

1. The act of constructing again; the state of being reconstructed.

2. (U.S. Politics)

Defn: The act or process of reorganizing the governments of the
States which had passed ordinances of secession, and of
reëstablishing their constitutional relations to the national
government, after the close of the Civil War.

RECONSTRUCTIVE
Re`con*struct"ive (-strk"tv), a.

Defn: Reconstructing; tending to reconstruct; as, a reconstructive
policy.

RECONTINUANCE
Re`con*tin"u*ance (-tn"*ns), n.

Defn: The act or state of recontinuing.

RECONTINUE
Re`con*tin"ue (-), v. t. & i.

Defn: To continue anew.

RECONVENE
Re`con*vene" (r`kn*vn"), v. t. & i.

Defn: To convene or assemble again; to call or come together again.

RECONVENTION
Re`con*ven"tion (-vn"shn), n. (Civil Law)

Defn: A cross demand; an action brought by the defendant against the
plaintiff before the same judge. Burrill. Bouvier.

RECONVERSION
Re`con*ver"sion (-vr"shn), n.

Defn: A second conversion.

RECONVERT
Re`con*vert" (-vrt"), v. t.

Defn: To convert again. Milton.

RECONVERT
Re*con"vert (r*kn"vrt), n.

Defn: A person who has been reconverted. Gladstone.

RECONVERTIBLE
Re`con*vert"i*ble (r`kn*vrt"*b'l), a. (Chem.)

Defn: Capable of being reconverted; convertible again to the original
form or condition.

RECONVEY
Re`con*vey" (-v"), v. t.

1. To convey back or to the former place; as, to reconvey goods.

2. To transfer back to a former owner; as, to reconvey an estate.

RECONVEYANCE
Re`con*vey"ance (-v"ns), n.

Defn: Act of reconveying.

RECOPY
Re*cop"y (r*kp"), v. t.

Defn: To copy again.

RECORD
Re*cord" (r*krd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recorded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Recording.] Etym: [OE. recorden to repeat, remind, F. recorder, fr.
L. recordari to remember; pref. re- re- + cor, cordis, the heart or
mind. See Cordial, Heart.]

1. To recall to mind; to recollect; to remember; to meditate. [Obs.]
"I it you record." Chaucer.

2. To repeat; to recite; to sing or play. [Obs.]
They longed to see the day, to hear the lark Record her hymns, and
chant her carols blest. Fairfax.

3. To preserve the memory of, by committing to writing, to printing,
to inscription, or the like; to make note of; to write or enter in a
book or on parchment, for the purpose of preserving authentic
evidence of; to register; to enroll; as, to record the proceedings of
a court; to record historical events.
Those things that are recorded of him . . . are written in the
chronicles of the kings. 1 Esd. i. 42.
To record a deed, mortgage, lease, etc., to have a copy of the same
entered in the records of the office designated by law, for the
information of the public.

RECORD
Re*cord", v. i.

1. To reflect; to ponder. [Obs.]
Praying all the way, and recording upon the words which he before had
read. Fuller.

2. To sing or repeat a tune. [Obs.] Shak.
Whether the birds or she recorded best. W. Browne.

RECORD
Rec"ord (rk"rd), n. Etym: [OF. recort, record, remembrance,
attestation, record. See Record, v. t.]

1. A writing by which same act or event, or a number of acts or
events, is recorded; a register; as, a record of the acts of the
Hebrew kings; a record of the variations of temperature during a
certain time; a family record.

2. Especially:
(a) An official contemporaneous writing by which the acts of some
public body, or public officer, are recorded; as, a record of city
ordinances; the records of the receiver of taxes.
(b) An authentic official copy of a document which has been entered
in a book, or deposited in the keeping of some officer designated by
law.
(c) An official contemporaneous memorandum stating the proceedings of
a court of justice; a judicial record.
(d) The various legal papers used in a case, together with memoranda
of the proceedings of the court; as, it is not permissible to allege
facts not in the record.

3. Testimony; witness; attestation.
John bare record, saying. John i. 32
.

4. That which serves to perpetuate a knowledge of acts or events; a
monument; a memorial.

5. That which has been, or might be, recorded; the known facts in the
course, progress, or duration of anything, as in the life of a public
man; as, a politician with a good or a bad record.

6. That which has been publicly achieved in any kind of competitive
sport as recorded in some authoritative manner, as the time made by a
winning horse in a race. Court of record (pron. rin Eng.), a court
whose acts and judicial proceedings are written on parchment or in
books for a perpetual memorial.
 -- Debt of record, a debt which appears to be due by the evidence of
a court of record, as upon a judgment or a cognizance.
 -- Trial by record, a trial which is had when a matter of record is
pleaded, and the opposite party pleads that there is no such record.
In this case the trial is by inspection of the record itself, no
other evidence being admissible. Blackstone.
 -- To beat, or break, the record (Sporting), to surpass any
performance of like kind as authoritatively recorded; as, to break
the record in a walking match.

RECORDANCE
Re*cord"ance (r*krd"ns), n.

Defn: Remembrance. [Obs.]

RECORDATION
Rec`or*da"tion (rk`r*d"shn), n. Etym: [L. recordatio: cf. F.
recordation. See Record, v. t.]

Defn: Remembrance; recollection; also, a record. [Obs.] Shak.

RECORDER
Re*cord"er (r*krd"r), n.

1. One who records; specifically, a person whose official duty it is
to make a record of writings or transactions.

2. The title of the chief judical officer of some cities and
boroughs; also, of the chief justice of an East Indian settlement.
The Recorder of London is judge of the Lord Mayor's Court, and one of
the commissioners of the Central Criminal Court.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of wind instrument resembling the flageolet. [Obs.]
"Flutes and soft recorders." Milton.

RECORDERSHIP
Re*cord"er*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a recorder.

RECORDING
Re*cord"ing, a.

Defn: Keeping a record or a register; as, a recording secretary; --
applied to numerous instruments with an automatic appliance which
makes a record of their action; as, a recording gauge or telegraph.

RECORPORIFICATION
Re`cor*por`i*fi*ca"tion (r`kr*pr`*f*k"shn), n.

Defn: The act of investing again with a body; the state of being
furnished anew with a body. [R.] Boyle.

RECOUCH
Re*couch" (r*kouch"), v. i. Etym: [Pref. re- + couch: cf. F.
recoucher.]

Defn: To retire again to a couch; to lie down again. [Obs.] Sir H.
Wotton.

RECOUNT
Re*count" (r*kount"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + count.]

Defn: To count or reckon again.

RECOUNT
Re*count", n.

Defn: A counting again, as of votes.

RECOUNT
Re*count" (r*kount"), v. t. Etym: [F. raconter to relate, to recount;
pref. re- again + ad.) + conter to relate. See Count, v.]

Defn: To tell over; to relate in detail; to recite; to tell or
narrate the particulars of; to rehearse; to enumerate; as, to recount
one's blessings. Dryden.
To all his angels, who, with true applause, Recount his praises.
Milton.

RECOUNTMENT
Re*count`ment (-mnt), n.

Defn: Recital. [Obs.] Shak.

RECOUP; RECOUPE
Re*coup", Re*coupe" (-kp"), v. t. Etym: [F. recouper; pref. re- re- +
couper to cut.]

1. (Law)

Defn: To keep back rightfully (a part), as if by cutting off, so as
to diminish a sum due; to take off (a part) from damages; to deduct;
as, where a landlord recouped the rent of premises from damages
awarded to the plaintiff for eviction.

2. To get an equivalent or compensation for; as, to recoup money lost
at the gaming table; to recoup one's losses in the share market.

3. To reimburse; to indemnify; -- often used reflexively and in the
passive.
Elizabeth had lost her venture; but if she was bold, she might recoup
herself at Philip's cost. Froude.
Industry is sometimes recouped for a small price by extensive custom.
Duke of Argyll.

RECOUPER
Re*coup"er (r*kp"r), n.

Defn: One who recoups. Story.

RECOUPMENT
Re*coup"ment (-mnt), n.

Defn: The act of recouping.

Note: Recoupment applies to equities growing out of the very affair
from which thw principal demand arises, set-off to cross-demands
which may be independent in origin. Abbott.

RECOURSE
Re*course" (r*krs"), n. Etym: [F. recours, L. recursus a running
back, return, fr. recurrere, recursum, to run back. See Recur.]

1. A coursing back, or coursing again, along the line of a previous
coursing; renewed course; return; retreat; recurence. [Obs.] "Swift
recourse of flushing blood." Spenser.
Unto my first I will have my recourse. Chaucer.
Preventive physic . . . preventeth sickness in the healthy, or the
recourse thereof in the valetudinary. Sir T. Browne.

2. Recurrence in difficulty, perplexity, need, or the like; access or
application for aid; resort.
Thus died this great peer, in a time of great recourse unto him and
dependence upon him. Sir H. Wotton.
Our last recourse is therefore to our art. Dryden.

3. Access; admittance. [Obs.]
Give me recourse to him. Shak.
Without recourse (Commerce), words sometimes added to the indorsement
of a negotiable instrument to protect the indorser from liability to
the indorsee and subsequent holders. It is a restricted indorsement.

RECOURSE
Re*course", v. i.

1. To return; to recur. [Obs.]
The flame departing and recoursing. Foxe.

2. To have recourse; to resort. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket.

RECOURSEFUL
Re*course"ful (-fl), a.

Defn: Having recurring flow and ebb; moving alternately. [Obs.]
Drayton.

RECOVER
Re*cov"er (r*kv"r), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + cover: cf. F.
recouvrir.]

Defn: To cover again. Sir W. Scott.

RECOVER
Re*cov"er (r*kv"r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recovered (-rd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Recovering. ] Etym: [OE. recoveren, OF. recovrer, F. recouvrer,
from L. recuperare; pref. re- re + a word of unknown origin.
Cf.Recuperate.]

1. To get or obtain again; to get renewed possession of; to win back;
to regain.
David recovered all that the Amalekites had carried away. 1. Sam.
xxx. 18.

2. To make good by reparation; to make up for; to retrieve; to repair
the loss or injury of; as, to recover lost time. "Loss of catel may
recovered be." Chaucer.
Even good men have many failings and lapses to lament and recover.
Rogers.

3. To restore from sickness, faintness, or the like; to bring back to
life or health; to cure; to heal.
The wine in my bottle will recover him. Shak.

4. To overcome; to get the better of, -- as a state of mind or body.
I do hope to recover my late hurt. Cowley.
When I had recovered a little my first surprise. De Foe.

5. To rescue; to deliver.
That they may recover themselves out of the snare of the devil, who
are taken captive by him. 2. Tim. ii. 26.

6. To gain by motion or effort; to obtain; to reach; to come to.
[Archaic]
The forest is not three leagues off; If we recover that, we're sure
enough. Shak.
Except he could recover one of the Cities of Refuge he was to die.
Hales.

7. (Law)

Defn: To gain as a compensation; to obtain in return for injury or
debt; as, to recover damages in trespass; to recover debt and costs
in a suit at law; to obtain title to by judgement in a court of law;
as, to recover lands in ejectment or common recovery; to gain by
legal process; as, to recover judgement against a defendant. Recover
arms (Mil. Drill), a command whereby the piece is brought from the
position of "aim" to that of "ready."

Syn.
 -- To regain; repossess; resume; retrieve; recruit; heal; cure.

RECOVER
Re*cov"er (r*kv"r), v. i.

1. To regain health after sickness; to grow well; to be restored or
cured; hence, to regain a former state or condition after misfortune,
alarm, etc.; -- often followed by of or from; as, to recover from a
state of poverty; to recover from fright.
Go, inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron, whether I shall recover
of this disease. 2 Kings i. 2.

2. To make one's way; to come; to arrive. [Obs.]
With much ado the Christians recovered to Antioch. Fuller.

3. (Law)

Defn: To obtain a judgement; to succeed in a lawsuit; as, the
plaintiff has recovered in his suit.

RECOVER
Re*cov"er, n.

Defn: Recovery. Sir T. Malory.

RECOVERABLE
Re*cov"er*a*ble (-*b'l), a. Etym: [Cf. F. recouvrable.]

Defn: Capable of being recovered or regained; capable of being
brought back to a former condition, as from sickness, misfortune,
etc.; obtainable from a debtor or possessor; as, the debt is
recoverable; goods lost or sunk in the ocean are not recoverable.
A prodigal course Is like the sun's; but not, like his, recoverable.
Shak.
If I am recoverable, why am I thus Cowper.
-- Re*cov"er*a*ble*ness, n.

RECOVERANCE
Re*cov"er*ance (ans), n.

Defn: Recovery. [Obs.]

RECOVEREE
Re*cov`er*ee" (-"), n. (Law)

Defn: The person against whom a judgment is obtained in common
recovery.

RECOVERER
Re*cov"er*er (r*kv"r*r), n.

Defn: One who recovers.

RECOVEROR
Re*cov`er*or" (-r), n. (Law)

Defn: The demandant in a common recovery after judgment. Wharton.

RECOVERY
Re*cov"er*y (r*kv"r*), n.

1. The act of recovering, regaining, or retaking possession.

2. Restoration from sickness, weakness, faintness, or the like;
restoration from a condition of mistortune, of fright, etc.

3. (Law)

Defn: The obtaining in a suit at law of a right to something by a
verdict and judgment of court.

4. The getting, or gaining, of something not previously had. [Obs.]
"Help be past recovery." Tusser.

5. In rowing, the act of regaining the proper position for making a
new stroke. Common recovery (Law), a species of common assurance or
mode of conveying lands by matter of record, through the forms of an
action at law, formerly in frequent use, but now abolished or
obsolete, both in England and America. Burrill. Warren.

RECREANCE
Rec"re*ance (rk"r*ns), n.

Defn: Recreancy.

RECREANCY
Rec"re*an*cy (-an*s), n.

Defn: The quality or state of being recreant.

RECREANT
Rec"re*ant (-ant), a. Etym: [OF., cowardly, fr. recroire, recreire,
to forsake, leave, tire, discourage, regard as conquered, LL.
recredere se to declare one's self conquered in combat; hence, those
are called recrediti or recreanti who are considered infamous; L.
pref. re- again, back + credere to believe, to be of opinion; hence,
originally, to disavow one's opinion. See Creed.]

1. Crying for mercy, as a combatant in the trial by battle; yielding;
cowardly; mean-spirited; craven. "This recreant knight." Spenser.

2. Apostate; false; unfaithful.
Who, for so many benefits received, Turned recreant to God, ingrate
and false. Milton.

RECREANT
Rec"re*ant, n.

Defn: One who yields in combat, and begs for mercy; a mean-spirited,
cowardly wretch. Blackstone.
You are all recreants and dastards! Shak.

RE-CREATE
Re`-cre*ate" (r`kr*t"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + create.]

Defn: To create or form anew.
On opening the campaign of 1776, instead of reënforcing, it was
necessary to re-create, the army. Marshall.

RECREATE
Rec"re*ate (rk"r*t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recreated (-`td); p. pr. &
vb. n. Recreating.] Etym: [L. recreatus, p. p. of recreate to create
anew, to refresh; pref. re- re- + creare to create. See Create.]

Defn: To give fresh life to; to reanimate; to revive; especially, to
refresh after wearying toil or anxiety; to relieve; to cheer; to
divert; to amuse; to gratify.
Painters, when they work on white grounds, place before them colors
mixed with blue and green, to recreate their eyes, white wearying . .
. the sight more than any. Dryden.
St. John, who recreated himself with sporting with a tame partridge.
Jer. Taylor.
These ripe fruits recreate the nostrils with their aromatic scent.
Dr. H. More.

RECREATE
Rec"re*ate, v. i.

Defn: To take recreation. L. Addison.

RECREATION
Rec"re*a"tion (-"shn), n. Etym: [F. récréation, L. recreatio.]

Defn: The act of recreating, or the state of being recreated;
refreshment of the strength and spirits after toil; amusement;
diversion; sport; pastime.

RE-CREATION
Re`-*cre*a"tion (r`kr*shn), n. Etym: [See Re-create.]

Defn: A forming anew; a new creation or formation.

RE-CREATION
Re`-cre*a"tion (r`kr*shn), n. [See Re-create.]

Defn: A forming anew; a new creation or formation.

RE-CREATIVE
Re`-cre*a"tive (-`tv), a.

Defn: Creating anew; as, re-creative power.

RECREATIVE
Rec"re*a`tive (rk"r*`tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. récr. See Recreate.]

Defn: Tending to recreate or refresh; recreating; giving new vigor or
animation; reinvigorating; giving relief after labor or pain;
amusing; diverting.
Let the music of them be recreative. Bacon.
--- Rec"re*a`tive*ly, adv.
 -- Rec"re*a`tive*ness, n.

RECREMENT
Rec"re*ment (rk"r*ment), n. Etym: [L. recrementum; pref. re- re- +
cernere, cretum, to separate, sift: cf. F. récrément.]

1. Superfluous matter separated from that which is useful; dross;
scoria; as, the recrement of ore.

2. (Med.)
(a) Excrement. [Obs.]
(a) A substance secreted from the blood and again absorbed by it.

RECREMENTAL
Rec`re*men"tal (-mn"tal), a.

Defn: Recrementitious.

RECREMENTITIAL
Rec`re*men*ti"tial (-mn*tsh"al), a. Etym: [Cf. F. récrémentitiel.]
(Med.)

Defn: Of the nature of a recrement. See Recrement,2 (b).
"Recrementitial fluids." Dunglison.

RECREMENTITIOUS
Rec`re*men*ti"tious (-tsh"s), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to recrement; consisting of recrement or
dross. Boyle.

RECRIMINATE
Re*crim"i*nate (r*krm"*nt), v. i. Etym: [Pref. re- + criminate: cf.
F. récriminer ,LL. recriminare.]

Defn: To return one charge or accusation with another; to chargeback
fault or crime upon an accuser.
It is not my business to recriminate, hoping sufficiently toBp.
Stillingfleet.

RECRIMINATE
Re*crim"i*nate, v. t.

Defn: To accuse in return. South.

RECRIMINATION
Re*crim`i*na"tion (-n"shn), n. Etym: [F. récrimination, LL.
recriminatio.]

Defn: The act of recriminating; an accusation brought by the accused
against the accuser; a counter accusation.
Accusations and recriminations passed back ward and forward between
the contending parties. Macaulay.

RECRIMINATIVE
Re*crim"i*na*tive (-n*tv), a.

Defn: Recriminatory.

RECRIMINATOR
Re*crim"i*na`tor (-n`tr), n.

Defn: One who recriminates.

RECRIMINATORY
Re*crim"i*na*to*ry (-n*t*r), a. Etym: [Cf. F. récriminatoire.]

Defn: Having the quality of recrimination; retorting accusation;
recriminating.

RECROSS
Re*cross" (r*krs";115), v. t.

Defn: To cross a second time.

RECRUDENCY
Re*cru"den*cy (r*kr"den*s), n.

Defn: Recrudescence.

RECRUDESCE
Re`cru*desce", v. i. [See Recrudescent.]

Defn: To be in a state of recrudescence; esp., to come into renewed
freshness, vigor, or activity; to revive.

The general influence . . . which is liable every now and then to
recrudesce in his absence.
Edmund Gurney.

RECRUDESCENCE; RECRUDESCENCY
Re`cru*des"cence (r`kr*ds"sens), Re`cru*des`cen*cy (-ds"sen*s), n.
Etym: [Cf. F. recrudescence.]

1. The state or condition of being recrudescent.
A recrudescence of barbarism may condemn it [land] to chronic poverty
and waste. Duke of Argyll.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Increased severity of a disease after temporary remission.
Dunglison.

RECRUDESCENT
Re`cru*des"cent (-sent), a. Etym: [L. recrudescens, -entis, p.pr. of
recrudescere to become raw again; pref. re- re- + crudescere to
become hard or raw: cf. F. recrudescent.]

1. Growing raw, sore, or painful again.

2. Breaking out again after temporary abatement or supression; as, a
recrudescent epidemic.

RECRUIT
Re*cruit" (r*krt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recruited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Recruiting.] Etym: [F. recruter, corrupted (under influence of recrue
recruiting, recruit, from recro, p.p. recr, to grow again) from an
older recluter, properly, to patch, to mend (a garment); pref. re- +
OF. clut piece, piece of cloth; cf. Icel. kl kerchief, E. clout.]

1. To repair by fresh supplies, as anything wasted; to remedy lack or
deficiency in; as, food recruits the flesh; fresh air and exercise
recruit the spirits.
Her cheeks glow the brighter, recruiting their color. Glanvill.

2. Hence, to restore the wasted vigor of; to renew in strength or
health; to reinvigorate.

3. To supply with new men, as an army; to fill up or make up by
enlistment; as, he recruited two regiments; the army was recruited
for a campaign; also, to muster; to enlist; as, he recruited fifty
men. M. Arnold.

RECRUIT
Re*cruit", v. i.

1. To gain new supplies of anything wasted; to gain health, flesh,
spirits, or the like; to recuperate; as, lean cattle recruit in fresh
pastures.

2. To gain new supplies of men for military or other service; to
raise or enlist new soldiers; to enlist troops.

RECRUIT
Re*cruit", n.

1. A supply of anything wasted or exhausted; a reënforcement.
The state is to have recruits to its strength, and remedies to its
distempers. Burke.

2. Specifically, a man enlisted for service in the army; a newly
enlisted soldier.

RECRUITER
Re*cruit"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, recruits.

RECRUITMENT
Re*cruit"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act or process of recruiting; especially, the enlistment of
men for an army.

RECRYSTALLIZATION
Re*crys`tal*li*za"tion (r*krs`tal*z"shn), n. (Chem. & Min.)

Defn: The process or recrystallizing.

RECRYSTALLIZE
Re*crys"tal*lize (r*krs"tal*lz), v. i. & t. (Chem. & Min.)

Defn: To crystallize again. Henry.

RECTAL
Rec"tal (rk"tal), a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the rectum; in the region of the rectum.

RECTANGLE
Rec"tan`gle (rk"t`g'l), n. Etym: [F., fr. L. rectus right + angulus
angle. See Right, and Angle.] (Geom.)

Defn: A four-sided figure having only right angles; a right-angled
parallelogram.

Note: As the area of a rectangle is expressed by the product of its
two dimensions, the term rectangle is sometimes used for product; as,
the rectangle of a and b, that is, ab.

RECTANGLE
Rec"tan`gle, a.

Defn: Rectangular. [R.]

RECTANGLED
Rec"tan`gled (-g'ld), a.

Defn: Rectangular. Hutton.

RECTANGULAR
Rec*tan"gu*lar (rk*tn"g*lr), a. Etym: [CF. F. rectangulaire.]

Defn: Right-angled; having one or more angles of ninety degrees.
 -- Rec*tan"gu*lar*ly (r, adv.
 -- Rec*tan"gu*lar*ness, n.

RECTANGULARITY
Rec*tan`gu*lar"i*ty (-lr"*t), n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being rectangular, or right-angled.

RECTI-
Rec"ti- (rk"t*). Etym: [L. rectus straight.]

Defn: A combining form signifying straight; as, rectilineal, having
straight lines; rectinerved.

RECTIFIABLE
Rec"ti*fi`a*ble (rk"t*f`*b'l), a.

1. Capable of being rectified; as, a rectifiable mistake.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Admitting, as a curve, of the construction of a straight l

RECTIFICATION
Rec`ti*fi*ca"tion (rk`t*f*k1shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. rectification.]

1. The act or operation of rectifying; as, the rectification of an
error; the rectification of spirits.
After the rectification of his views, he was incapable of compromise
with profounder shapes of error. De Quincey.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: The determination of a straight line whose length is equal a
portion of a curve. Rectification of a globe (Astron.), its
adjustment preparatory to the solution of a proposed problem.

RECTIFICATOR
Rec"ti*fi*ca`tor (rk"t*f*k`tr), n. (Chem.)

Defn: That which rectifies or refines; esp., a part of a distilling
apparatus in which the more volatile portions are separated from the
less volatile by the process of evaporation and condensation; a
rectifier.

RECTIFIER
Rec"ti*fi`er (rk"t*f`r), n.

1. One who, or that which, rectifies.

2. Specifically: (a) (Naut.) An instrument used for determining and
rectifying the variations of the compass on board ship. (b) (Chem.) A
rectificator.

RECTIFY
Rec"ti*fy (-f), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rectified (-fd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rectifying (-f`ng).] Etym: [F. rectifier, LL. rectificare; L. rectus
right + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Right, and -fy.]

1. To make or set right; to correct from a wrong, erroneous, or false
state; to amend; as, to rectify errors, mistakes, or abuses; to
rectify the will, the judgment, opinions; to rectify disorders.
I meant to rectify my conscience. Shak.
This was an error of opinion which a conflicting opinion would have
rectified. Burke.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: To refine or purify by repeated distillation or sublimation, by
which the fine parts of a substance are separated from the grosser;
as, to rectify spirit of wine.

3. (Com.)

Defn: To produce ( as factitious gin or brandy) by redistilling low
wines or ardent spirits (whisky, rum, etc.), flavoring substances,
etc., being added. To rectify a globe, to adjust it in order to
prepare for the solution of a proposed problem.

Syn.
 -- To amend; emend; correct; better; mend; reform; redress; adjust;
regulate; improve. See Amend.

RECTILINEAL; RECTILINEAR
Rec`ti*lin"e*al, Rec`ti*lin"e*ar (-ln"*r), a. Etym: [Recti- + lineal,
linear.]

Defn: Straight; consisting of a straight line or lines; bounded by
straight lines; as, a rectineal angle; a rectilinear figure or
course.
 -- Rec`ti*lin"e*al*ly, adv.
 -- Rec`ti*lin"e*ar*ly, adv.

RECTILINEARITY
Rec`ti*lin`e*ar"i*ty (-r"*t), n.

Defn: The quality or state of being rectilinear. Coleridge.

RECTILINEOUS
Rec`ti*lin"e*ous (-s), a.

Defn: Rectilinear. [Obs.] Ray.

RECTINERVED
Rec"ti*nerved` (rk"t*nrrvd`), a. Etym: [Recti- + nerve.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the veins or nerves straight; -- said of leaves.

RECTION
Rec"tion (rk"shn), n. Etym: [L. rectio, fr. regere to rule or
govern.] (Gram.)

Defn: See Government, n., 7. Gibbs.

RECTIROSTRAL
Rec`ti*ros"tral (rk`t*rs"tral), a. Etym: [Recti- + rostral.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a straight beak.

RECTISERIAL
Rec`ti*se"ri*al (-s"r*al), a. Etym: [Recti- + serial.] (Bot.)

Defn: Arranged in exactly vertical ranks, as the leaves on stems of
many kinds; -- opposed to curviserial.

RECTITIS
Rec*ti"tis (rk*t"ts), n. Etym: [NL. See Rectum, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Proctitis. Dunglison.

RECTITUDE
Rec"ti*tude (rk"t*td), n. Etym: [L. rectitudo, fr. rectus right,
straight: cf. F. rectitude. See Right.]

1. Straightness. [R.] Johnson.

2. Rightness of principle or practice; exact conformity to truth, or
to the rules prescribed for moral conduct, either by divine or human
laws; uprightness of mind; uprightness; integrity; honesty; justice.

3. Right judgment. [R.] Sir G. C. Lewis.

Syn.
 -- See Justice.

RECTO-
Rec"to- (rk"t*).

Defn: A combining form indicating connection with, or relation to,
the rectum; as, recto-vesical.

RECTO
Rec"to, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. LL. breve de recto. See Right.] (Law)

Defn: A writ of right.

RECTO
Rec"to, n. Etym: [Cf. F. recto.] (Print.)

Defn: The right-hand page; -- opposed to verso.

RECTOR
Rec"tor (rk"tr), n. Etym: [L., fr. regere, rectum, to lead straight,
to rule: cf. F. recteur. See Regiment, Right.]

1. A ruler or governor.[R.]
God is the supreme rector of the world. Sir M. Hale.

2.
(a) (Ch. of Eng.) A clergyman who has the charge and cure of a
parish, and has the tithes, etc.; the clergyman of a parish where the
tithes are not impropriate. See the Note under Vicar. Blackstone. (b)
(Prot. Epis. Ch.)

Defn: A clergyman in charge of a parish.

3. The head master of a public school. [Scot.]

4. The chief elective officer of some universities, as in France and
Scotland; sometimes, the head of a college; as, the Rector of Exeter
College, or of Lincoln College, at Oxford.

5. (R.C.CH.)

Defn: The superior officer or chief of a convent or religious house;
and among the Jesuits the superior of a house that is a seminary or
college.

RECTORAL
Rec"tor*al (-al), a. Etym: [CF. F. rectoral.]

Defn: Pertaining to a rector or governor.

RECTORATE
Rec"tor*ate (-t), n. Etym: [LL. rectoratus: cf. F. rectorat.]

Defn: The office, rank, or station of a rector; rectorship.

RECTORESS
Rec"tor*ess, n.

1. A governess; a rectrix. Drayton.

2. The wife of a rector. Thackeray.

RECTORIAL
Rec*to"ri*al (rk*t"r*al), a.

Defn: Pertaining to a rector or a rectory; rectoral. Shipley.

RECTORSHIP
Rec"tor*ship (rk"tr*shp), n.

1. Government; guidance. [Obs.] "The rectorship of judgment." Shak.

2. The office or rank of a rector; rectorate.

RECTORY
Rec"to*ry (-t*r), n.; pl. Rectories (-r. Etym: [Cf. OF. rectorie or
rectorerie, LL. rectoria.]

1. The province of a rector; a parish church, parsonage, or spiritual
living, with all its rights, tithes, and glebes.

2. A rector's mansion; a parsonage house.

RECTO-UTERINE
Rec`to-u"ter*ine (-"tr*n or *n), a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to both the rectum and the uterus.

RECTOVAGINAL
Rec`to*vag"i*nal (rk`t*vj"*nal), a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to both the rectum and the vagina.

RECTO-VESICAL
Rec`to-ves"i*cal (-vs"*kal), a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to both the rectum and the bladder.

RECTRESS
Rec"tress (rk"trs), n.

Defn: A rectoress. B. Jonson.

RECTRIX
Rec"trix (-trks), n.; pl. Rectrices (-tr. Etym: [L., fem. of rector.]

1. A governess; a rectoress.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the quill feathers of the tail of a bird.

RECTUM
Rec"tum (-tm), n. Etym: [NL. (sc. intestinum), fr. L. rectus
straight. See Right.] (Anat.)

Defn: The terminal part of the large intestine; -- so named because
supposed by the old anatomists to be straight. See Illust. under
Digestive.

RECTUS
Rec"tus (-ts), n.; pl. Recti (-t. Etym: [NL., fr. L. regere to keep
straight.] (Anat.)

Defn: A straight muscle; as, the recti of the eye.

RECUBATION
Rec`u*ba"tion (rk`*b"shn), n. Etym: [L. recubare to lie upon the
back.]

Defn: Recumbence. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

RECULE
Re*cule" (r*kl"), v. i.

Defn: To recoil. [Obs.] Spenser.

RECULE; RECULEMENT
Re*cule" (r*kl"), Re*cule"ment (-ment), n. Etym: [F. reculement.]

Defn: Recoil. [Obs.]

RECUMB
Re*cumb" (-km"), v. i. Etym: [L. recumbere; pref. re- back + cumbere
(in comp.), akin to cubare to lie down.]

Defn: To lean; to recline; to repose. [Obs.] J. Allen (1761).

RECUMBENCE
Re*cum"bence (r*km"bens), n.

Defn: The act of leaning, resting, or reclining; the state of being
recumbent.

RECUMBENCY
Re*cum"ben*cy (-ben*s), n.

Defn: Recumbence.

RECUMBENT
Re*cum"bent (-bet), a. Etym: [L. recumbens, -entis, p. pr. of
recumbere. See Recumb, Incumbent.]

Defn: Leaning; reclining; lying; as, the recumbent posture of the
Romans at their meals. Hence, figuratively; Resting; inactive; idle.
 -- Re*cum"bent*ly, adv.

RECUPERABLE
Re*cu"per*a*ble (r*k"pr**b'l), a. Etym: [Cf.F. récup. See Recover.]

Defn: Recoverable. Sir T. Elyot.

RECUPERATE
Re*cu"per*ate (-t), v. i. [imp. &. p. p. Recuperated (-`td); p. pr. &
vb. n. Recuperating.] Etym: [L.recuperatus,p.p. of recuperare. See
Recover to get again.]

Defn: To recover health; to regain strength; to convalesce.

RECUPERATE
Re*cu"per*ate, v. t.

Defn: To recover; to regain; as, to recuperate the health or
strength.

RECUPERATION
Re*cu`per*a"tion (-`shn), n.. Etym: [L. recuperatio: cf. F. récup.]

Defn: Recovery, as of anything lost, especially of the health or
strength.

RECUPERATIVE; RECUPERATORY
Re*cu"per*a*tive (-*tv), Re*cu"per*a*to*ry (-*t*r), a. Etym: [L.
recuperativus, recuperatorius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to recuperation; tending to recovery.

RECUPERATOR
Re*cu"per*a`tor (r*k"ppr*`tr), n. Etym: [Cf. L. recuperator a
recoverer.] (Steel Manuf.)

Defn: Same as Regenerator.

RECUR
Re*cur" (r*kr"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Recurred (-krd"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Recurring.] Etym: [L. recurrere; pref.re- re- + currere to run.
See Current.]

1. To come back; to return again or repeatedly; to come again to
mind.
When any word has been used to signify an idea, the old idea will
recur in the mind when the word is heard. I. Watts.

2. To occur at a stated interval, or according to some regular rule;
as, the fever will recur to-night.

3. To resort; to have recourse; to go for help.
If, to avoid succession in eternal existence, they recur to the
"punctum stans" of the schools, they will thereby very little help us
to a more positive idea of infinite duration. Locke.
Recurring decimal (Math.), a circulating decimal. See under Decimal.
 -- Recurring series (Math.), an algebraic series in which the
coefficients of the several terms can be expressed by means of
certain preceding coefficients and constants in one uniform manner.

RECURE
Re*cure" (r*kr"), v. t. Etym: [Cf. Recover.]

1. To arrive at; to reach; to attain. [Obs.] Lydgate.

2. To recover; to regain; to repossess. [Obs.]
When their powers, impaired through labor long, With due repast, they
had recured well. Spenser.

3. To restore, as from weariness, sickness; or the like; to repair.
In western waves his weary wagon did recure. Spenser.

4. To be a cure for; to remedy. [Obs.]
No medicine Might avail his sickness to recure. Lydgate.

RECURE
Re*cure", n.

Defn: Cure; remedy; recovery. [Obs.]
But whom he hite, without recure he dies. Fairfax.

RECURELESS
Re*cure"less, a.

Defn: Incapable of cure. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

RECURRENCE; RECURRENCY
Re*cur"rence, Re*cur"ren*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. récurrence.]

Defn: The act of recurring, or state of being recurrent; return;
resort; recourse.
I shall insensibly go on from a rare to a frequent recurrence to the
dangerous preparations. I. Taylor.

RECURRENT
Re*cur"rent (-rent), a. Etym: [L. recurrens, -entis, p. pr. of
recurrere: cf.F. récurrent. See Recur.]

1. Returning from time to time; recurring; as, recurrent pains.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Running back toward its origin; as, a recurrent nerve or
artery. Recurrent fever. (Med.) See Relapsing fever, under Relapsing.
 -- Recurrent pulse (Physiol.), the pulse beat which appears (when
the radial artery is compressed at the wrist) on the distal side of
the point of pressure through the arteries of the palm of the hand.
 -- Recurrent sensibility (Physiol.), the sensibility manifested by
the anterior, or motor, roots of the spinal cord (their stimulation
causing pain) owing to the presence of sensory fibers from the
corresponding sensory or posterior roots.

RECURSANT
Re*cur"sant (r*kr"sant), a. Etym: [L. recursans, -antis, p. pr. of
recursare to run back, v. freq. of recurrere. See Recure.] (Her.)

Defn: Displayed with the back toward the spectator; -- said
especially of an eagle.

RECURSION
Re*cur"sion (-shn), n. Etym: [L. recursio. See Recur.]

Defn: The act of recurring; return. [Obs.] Boyle.

RECURVATE
Re*cur"vate (r*kr"vt), a. Etym: [L. recurvatus, p. p. of recurvare.
See Re-, and Curvate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Recurved.

RECURVATE
Re*cur"vate (-vt), v. t.

Defn: To bend or curve back; to recurve. Pennant.

RECURVATION
Re`cur*va"tion (r`kr*v"shn), n.

Defn: The act of recurving, or the state of being recurved; a bending
or flexure backward.

RECURVE
Re*curve" (r*krv"), v. t.

Defn: To curve in an opposite or unusual direction; to bend back or
down.

RECURVED
Re*curved" (r*krvd"), a.

Defn: Curved in an opposite or uncommon direction; bent back; as, a
bird with a recurved bill; flowers with recurved petals.

RECURVIROSTER
Re*cur`vi*ros"ter (r*kr`v*rs"tr), n. Etym: [L. recurvus bent back +
rostrum beack; cf. F. récurvirostre.] (Zool.)

Defn: A bird whose beak bends upward, as the avocet.

RECURVIROSTRAL
Re*cur`vi*ros"tral (-tral), a. Etym: [See Recurviroster.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the beak bent upwards.

RECURVITY
Re*cur"vi*ty (r*kr"v*t), n.

Defn: Recurvation.

RECURVOUS
Re*cur"vous (-vs), a. Etym: [L. recurvus; pref. re- re + curvus
curved.]

Defn: Recurved. Derham.

RECUSANCY
Re*cu"san*cy (r*k"zan*s or rk"-), n.

Defn: The state of being recusant; nonconformity. Coke.

RECUSANT
Re*cu"sant (-zat; 277), a.Etym: [L. recusans, -antis, p.pr. of recure
to refuse, to oject to; pref. re- re + causa a cause, pretext: cf. F.
récusant. See Cause, and cf. Ruse.]

Defn: Obstinate in refusal; specifically, in English history,
refusing to acknowledge the supremacy of the king in the churc, or to
conform to the established rites of the church; as, a recusant lord.
It stated him to have placed his son in the household of the Countess
of Derby, a recusant papist. Sir W. Scott.

RECUSANT
Re*cu"sant, n.

1. One who is obstinate in refusal; one standing out stubbornly
against general practice or opinion.
The last rebellious recusants among the European family of nations.
De Quincey.

2. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: A person who refuses to acknowledge the supremacy of the king
in matters of religion; as, a Roman Catholic recusant, who
acknowledges the supremacy of the pope. Brande & C.

3. One who refuses communion with the Church of England; a
nonconformist.
All that are recusants of holy rites. Holyday.

RECUSATION
Re`cu*sa"tion (rk`*z"shn), n. Etym: [L. recusatio: cf. F.
récusation.]

1. Refusal. [Obs.]

2. (Old Law)

Defn: The act of refusing a judge or challenging that he shall not
try the cause, on account of his supposed partiality. Blackstone.

RECUSATIVE
Re*cu"sa*tive (r*k"z*tv), a.

Defn: Refusing; denying; negative. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

RECUSE
Re*cuse" (r*kz"), v. t. Etym: [F. récuser, or L. recusare. See
Recusant.] (Law)

Defn: To refuse or reject, as a judge; to challenge that the judge
shall not try the cause. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

RECUSSION
Re*cus"sion (r*ksh"n), n. Etym: [L. recutire, recussum, to beat back;
pref. re- re- + quatere to shake.]

Defn: The act of beating or striking back.

RED
Red (rd), obs.

Defn: . imp. & p. p. of Read. Spenser.

RED
Red, v. t.

Defn: To put on order; to make tidy; also, to free from entanglement
or embarrassement; -- generally with up; as, to red up a house.
[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

RED
Red, a. [Compar. Redder (-dr); superl. Reddest.] Etym: [OE. red,
reed, AS. re, re; akin to OS. r, OFries, r, D. rood, G. roht, rot,
OHG. r, Dan. & Sw. r, Icel. rau, rj, Goth. r, W. rhudd, Armor. ruz,
Ir. & Gael. ruadh, L. ruber, rufus, Gr. , Skr. rudhira, rohita; cf.
L. rutilus. sq. root113. Cr. Erysipelas, Rouge, Rubric, Ruby, Ruddy,
Russet, Rust.]

Defn: Of the color of blood, or of a tint resembling that color; of
the hue of that part of the rainbow, or of the solar spectrum, which
is furthest from the violet part. "Fresh flowers, white and reede."
Chaucer.
Your color, I warrant you, is as red as any rose. Shak.

Note: Red is a general term, including many different shades or hues,
as scarlet, crimson, vermilion, orange red, and the like.

Note: Red is often used in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, red-breasted, red-cheeked, red-faced, red-haired, red-
headed, red-skinned, red-tailed, red-topped, red-whiskered, red-
coasted. Red admiral (Zoöl.), a beautiful butterfly (Vanessa
Atalanta) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are
crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles.
Called also Atlanta butterfly, and nettle butterfly.
 -- Red ant. (Zoöl.) (a) A very small ant (Myrmica molesta) which
often infests houses. (b) A larger reddish ant (Formica sanquinea),
native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.
 -- Red antimony (Min.), kermesite. See Kermes mineral (b), under
Kermes.
 -- Red ash (Bot.), an American tree (Fraxinus pubescens), smaller
than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. Cray.
 -- Red bass. (Zoöl.) See Redfish (d).
 -- Red bay (Bot.), a tree (Persea Caroliniensis) having the
heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.
 -- Red beard (Zoöl.), a bright red sponge (Microciona prolifera),
common on oyster shells and stones. [Local, U.S.] -- Red birch
(Bot.), a species of birch (Betula nigra) having reddish brown bark,
and compact, light-colored wood. Gray.
 -- Red blindness. (Med.) See Daltonism.
 -- Red book, a book containing the names of all the persons in the
service of the state. [Eng.] -- Red book of the Exchequer, an ancient
record in which are registered the names of all that held lands per
baroniam in the time of Henry II. Brande & C.
 -- Red brass, an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of
zinc.
 -- Red bug. (Zoöl.) (a) A very small mite which in Florida attacks
man, and produces great irritation by its bites. (b) A red
hemipterous insect of the genus Pyrrhocoris, especially the European
species (P. apterus), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters
on tree trunks. (c) See Cotton stainder, under Cotton.
 -- Red cedar. (Bot.) An evergreen North American tree (Juniperus
Virginiana) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood. (b) A tree of
India and Australia (Cedrela Toona) having fragrant reddish wood; --
called also toon tree in India.

-- Red chalk. See under Chalk.
 -- Red copper (Min.), red oxide of copper; cuprite.
 -- Red coral (Zoöl.), the precious coral (Corallium rubrum). See
Illusts. of Coral and Gorgonlacea.
 -- Red cross. The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the
English. (b) The Geneva cross. See Geneva convention, and Geneva
cross, under Geneva.
 -- Red currant. (Bot.) See Currant.
 -- Red deer. (Zoöl.) (a) The common stag (Cervus elaphus), native of
the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia. It is very
similar to the American elk, or wapiti. (b) The Virginia deer. See
Deer.
 -- Red duck (Zoöl.), a European reddish brown duck (Fuligula
nyroca); -- called also ferruginous duck.
 -- Red ebony. (Bot.) See Grenadillo.
 -- Red empress (Zoöl.), a butterfly. See Tortoise shell.
 -- Red fir (Bot.), a coniferous tree (Pseudotsuga Douglasii) found
from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable
timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the
Norway spruce and the American Abies magnifica and A. nobilis.
 -- Red fire. (Pyrotech.) See Blue fire, under Fire.
 -- Red flag. See under Flag.
 -- Red fox (Zoöl.), the common American fox (Vulpes fulvus), which
is usually reddish in color.
 -- Red grouse (Zoöl.), the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under
Ptarmigan.
 -- Red gum, or Red gum-tree (Bot.), a name given to eight Australian
species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus amygdalina, resinifera, etc.) which
yield a reddish gum resin. See Eucalyptus.
 -- Red hand (Her.), a left hand appaumé, fingers erect, borne on an
escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also Badge of Ulster.
 -- Red herring, the common herring dried and smoked.
 -- Red horse. (Zoöl.) (a) Any large American red fresh-water sucker,
especially Moxostoma macrolepidotum and allied species. (b) See the
Note under Drumfish.
 -- Red lead. (Chem) See under Lead, and Minium.
 -- Red-lead ore. (Min.) Same as Crocoite.
 -- Red liquor (Dyeing), a solution consisting essentially of
aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on
vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red
dyestuffs. Called also red mordant.
 -- Red maggot (Zoöl.), the larva of the wheat midge.
 -- Red manganese. (Min.) Same as Rhodochrosite.
 -- Red man, one of the American Indians; -- so called from his
color.
 -- Red maple (Bot.), a species of maple (Acer rubrum). See Maple.
 -- Red mite. (Zoöl.) See Red spider, below.
 -- Red mulberry (Bot.), an American mulberry of a dark purple color
(Morus rubra).
 -- Red mullet (Zoöl.), the surmullet. See Mullet.
 -- Red ocher (Min.), a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish
color.
 -- Red perch (Zoöl.), the rosefish.
 -- Red phosphorus. (Chem.) See under Phosphorus.
 -- Red pine (Bot.), an American species of pine (Pinus resinosa); --
so named from its reddish bark.
 -- Red precipitate. See under Precipitate.
 -- Red Republican (European Politics), originally, one who
maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red
liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social
reform. [Cant] -- Red ribbon, the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in
England.
 -- Red sanders. (Bot.) See Sanders.
 -- Red sandstone. (Geol.) See under Sandstone.
 -- Red scale (Zoöl.), a scale insect (Aspidiotus aurantii) very
injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.
 -- Red silver (Min.), an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish
black color. It includes proustite, or light red silver, and
pyrargyrite, or dark red silver.
 -- Red snapper (Zoöl.), a large fish (Lutlanus aya or Blackfordii)
abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.
 -- Red snow, snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga
(Protococcus nivalis) which produces large patches of scarlet on the
snows of arctic or mountainous regions.
 -- Red softening (Med.) a form of cerebral softening in which the
affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or
inflammation.
 -- Red spider (Zoöl.), a very small web-spinning mite (Tetranychus
telarius) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds,
especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds
mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn
yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also
red mite.
 -- Red squirrel (Zoöl.), the chickaree.
 -- Red tape, the tape used in public offices for tying up documents,
etc.; hence, official formality and delay.
 -- Red underwing (Zoöl.), any species of noctuid moths belonging to
Catacola and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and
handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright
red or orange.
 -- Red water, a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like
blood in the urine.

RED
Red (rd), n.

1. The color of blood, or of that part of the spectrum farthest from
violet, or a tint resembling these. "Celestial rosy red, love's
proper hue." Milton.

2. A red pigment.

3. (European Politics)

Defn: An abbreviation for Red Republican. See under Red, a. [Cant]

4. pl. (Med.)

Defn: The menses. Dunglison. English red, a pigment prepared by the
Dutch, similar to Indian red.
 -- Hypericum red, a red resinous dyestuff extracted from Hypericum.
 -- Indian red. See under Indian, and Almagra.

REDACT
Re*dact" (r*dkt"), v. t. Etym: [L. redactus, p. p. of redigere; pref.
red-, re-, again, back + agere to put in motion, to drive.]

Defn: To reduce to form, as literary matter; to digest and put in
shape (matter for publication); to edit.

REDACTEUR
Ré`dac`teur" (ray`dak`ter"), n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Redactor.

REDACTION
Re*dac"tion (r*dk"shn), n. Etym: [F. rédaction.]

Defn: The act of redacting; work produced by redacting; a digest.

REDACTOR
Re*dac"tor (-tr), n.

Defn: One who redacts; one who prepares matter for publication; an
editor. Carlyle.

REDAN
Re*dan" (r*dn"), n. Etym: [F., for OF. redent a double notching or
jagging, as in the teeth of a saw, fr. L. pref. re- re- + dens,
dentis, a tooth. Cf. Redented.] [Written sometimes redent and
redens.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A work having two parapets whose faces unite so as to form a
salient angle toward the enemy.

2. A step or vertical offset in a wall on uneven ground, to keep the
parts level.

REDARGUE
Red*ar"gue (rd*r"g), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Redargued (-gd); p. pr. &
vb. n. Redarguing.] Etym: [L. redarguere; pref. red-, re- re- +
arguere to accuse, charge with: cf. F. rédarguer.]

Defn: To disprove; to refute; toconfute; to reprove; to convict.
[Archaic]
How shall I . . . suffer that God should redargue me at doomsday, and
the angels reproach my lukewarmness Jer. Taylor.
Now this objection to the immediate cognition of external objects
has, as far as I know, been redargued in three different ways. Sir W.
Hamilton.

REDARGUTION
Red`ar*gu"tion (rd`r*g"shn), n. Etym: [L. redargutio.]

Defn: The act of redarguing; refutation. [Obs. or R.] Bacon.

REDARGUTORY
Red`ar*gu"to*ry (-t*r), a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, redargution; refutatory. [R.]

REDBACK
Red"back` (rd"bk`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dunlin. [U. S.]

REDBELLY
Red"bel`ly (-bl`l), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The char.

REDBIRD
Red"bird` (-brd`), n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The cardinal bird.
(b) The summer redbird (Piranga rubra).
(c) The scarlet tanager. See Tanager.

REDBREAST
Red"breast` (-brst`), n.

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) The European robin.
(b) The American robin. See Robin.
(c) The knot, or red-breasted snipe; -- called also robin breast, and
robin snipe. See Knot.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The long-eared pondfish. See Pondfish.

REDBUD
Red"bud` (-bd`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small ornamental leguminous tree of the American species of
the genus Cercis. See Judas tree, under Judas.

REDCAP
Red"cap`, n.

1. (Zoöl)

Defn: The European goldfinch.

2. A specter having long teeth, popularly supposed to haunt old
castles in Scotland. [Scot.] Jamieson.

REDCOAT
Red"coat` (-kot`), n.

Defn: One who wears a red coat; specifically, a red-coated British
soldier.

RED CROSS
Red Cross.

1. The crusaders or the cause they represented.

2.  A hospital or ambulance service established as a result of,
though not provided for by, the Geneva convention of 1864; any of the
national societies for alleviating the sufferings of the sick and
wounded war, also giving aid and relief during great calamities;
also, a member or worker of such a society; -- so called from the
badge of neutrality; the Geneva cross.

REDDE
Red"de (-de),

Defn: obs. imp. of Read, or Rede. Chaucer.

REDDEN
Red"den (rd"d'n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reddened (-d'nd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Reddening.] Etym: [From Red, a.]

Defn: To make red or somewhat red; to give a red color to.

REDDEN
Red"den, v. i.

Defn: To grow or become red; to blush.
Appius reddens at each word you speak. Pope.
He no sooner saw that her eye glistened and her cheek reddened than
his obstinacy was at once subbued. Sir W. SCott.

REDDENDUM
Red*den"dum (rd*dn"dm), n. Etym: [Neut. of L. reddendus that must be
given back or yielded, gerundive of reddere. See Reddition.] (Law)

Defn: A clause in a deed by which some new thing is reserved out of
what had been granted before; the clause by which rent is reserved in
a lease. Cruise.

REDDISH
Red"dish (rd"dsh), a.

Defn: Somewhat red; moderately red.
 -- Red"dish*ness, n.

REDDITION
Red*di"tion (rd*dsh"n), n.Etym: [L. redditio, fr. reddere to give
back, to return: cf. F. reddition. See Render.]

1. Restoration: restitution: surrender. Howell.

2. Explanation; representation. [R.]
The reddition or application of the comparison. Chapman.

REDDITIVE
Red"di**tive (rd"d*tv), a. Etym: [L. redditivus.] (Gram.)

Defn: Answering to an interrogative or inquiry; conveying a reply;
as, redditive words.

REDDLE
Red"dle (rd"d'l), n. Etym: [From Red; cf. G. r. Cf. Ruddle.] (Min.)

Defn: Red chalk. See under Chalk.

RED DOG FLOUR; RED-DOG FLOUR
Red dog, or Red`-dog" flour.

Defn: The lowest grade of flour in milling. It is dark and of little
expansive power, is secured largely from the germ or embryo and
adjacent parts, and contains a relatively high percentage of protein.
It is chiefly useful as feed for farm animals.

REDDOUR
Red"dour (rd"dr), n. Etym: [F. raideur, fr. raide stiff.]

Defn: Rigor; violence. [Obs.] Gower.

REDE
Rede (rd), v. t. Etym: [See Read, v. t.]

1. To advise or counsel. [Obs. or Scot.]
I rede that our host here shall begin. Chaucer.

2. To interpret; to explain. [Obs.]
My sweven [dream] rede aright. Chaucer.

REDE
Rede, n. Etym: [See Read, n.]

1. Advice; counsel; suggestion. [Obs. or Scot.] Burns.
There was none other remedy ne reed. Chaucer.

2. A word or phrase; a motto; a proverb; a wise saw. [Obs.] "This
rede is rife." Spenser.

REDEEM
Re*deem" (r*dm"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Redeemed. (-dp. pr. & vb. n.
Redeeming.] Etym: [F. r\'82dimer, L. redimere; pref. red-, re- re- +
emere, emptum, to buy, originally, to take, cf. OIr. em (in comp.),
Lith. imti. Cf. Assume, Consume, Exempt, Premium, Prompt, Ransom.]

1. To purchase back; to regain possession of by payment of a
stipulated price; to repurchase.
If a man sell a dwelling house in a walled city, then he may redeem
it within a whole year after it is sold. Lev. xxv. 29.

2. Hence, specifically:
(a) (Law) To recall, as an estate, or to regain, as mortgaged
property, by paying what may be due by force of the mortgage.
(b) (Com.) To regain by performing the obligation or condition
stated; to discharge the obligation mentioned in, as a promissory
note, bond, or other evidence of debt; as, to redeem bank notes with
coin.

3. To ransom, liberate, or rescue from captivity or bondage, or from
any obligation or liability to suffer or to be forfeited, by paying a
price or ransom; to ransom; to rescue; to recover; as, to redeem a
captive, a pledge, and the like.
Redeem Israel, O God, out of all his troubles. Ps. xxv. 22.
The Almighty from the grave Hath me redeemed. Sandys.

4. (Theol.)

Defn: Hence, to rescue and deliver from the bondage of sin and the
penalties of God's violated law.
Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse
for us. Gal. iii. 13.

5. To make good by performing fully; to fulfill; as, to redeem one's
promises.
I will redeem all this on Percy's head. Shak.

6. To pay the penalty of; to make amends for; to serve as an
equivalent or offset for; to atone for; to compensate; as, to redeem
an error.
Which of ye will be mortal, to redeem Man's mortal crime Milton.
It is a chance which does redeem all sorrows. Shak.
To redeem the time, to make the best use of it.

REDEEMABILITY
Re*deem`a*bil"i*ty (-*bl"*t), n.

Defn: Redeemableness.

REDEEMABLE
Re*deem"a*ble (-*b;l), a.

1. Capable of being redeemed; subject to repurchase; held under
conditions permitting redemption; as, a pledge securing the payment
of money is redeemable.

2. Subject to an obligation of redemtion; conditioned upon a promise
of redemtion; payable; due; as, bonds, promissory notes, etc. ,
redeemabble in gold, or in current money, or four months after date.

REDEEMABLENESS
Re*deem"a*ble*ness (r*dm"*b'l*ns), n.

Defn: The quality or state of being redeemable; redeemability.

REDEEMER
Re*deem"er (r*dm"r), n.

1. One who redeems.

2. Specifically, the Savior of the world, Jesus Christ.

REDELESS
Rede"less (rd"ls), a.

Defn: Without rede or counsel. [Obs.]

REDELIBERATE
Re`de*lib"er*ate (r`d*lb"r*t), v. t. & i.

Defn: To deliberate again; to reconsider.

REDELIVER
Re`de*liv"er (r`d*lv"r), v. t.

1. To deliver or give back; to return. Ay

2. To deliver or liberate a second time or again.

3. To report; to deliver the answer of. [R.] "Shall I redeliver you
e'en so" Shak.

REDELIVERANCE
Re`de*liv"er*ance (-ans), n.

Defn: A second deliverance.

REDELIVERY
Re`de*liv"er*y (-), n.

1. Act of delivering back.

2. A second or new delivery or liberation.

REDEMAND
Re`de*mand" (r`d*-mnd"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- back, again + demand:
cf. F. redemander.]

Defn: To demand back; to demand again.

REDEMAND
Re`de*mand", n.

Defn: A demanding back; a second or renewed demand.

REDEMISE
Re`de*mise" (-mz"), v. t.

Defn: To demise back; to convey or transfer back, as an estate.

REDEMISE
Re`de*mise", n. (Law)

Defn: The transfer of an estate back to the person who demised it;
reconveyance; as, the demise and redemise of an estate. See under
Demise.

REDEMONSTRATE
Re*dem"on*strate (r*dm"n*strt or r`d*mn"-strt), v. t.

Defn: To demonstrate again, or anew.
Every truth of morals must be redemonstrated in the experience of the
individual man before he is capable of utilizing it as a constituent
of character or a guide in action. Lowell.

REDEMPTIBLE
Re*demp"ti*ble (r*dmp"t*b'l), a.

Defn: Redeemable.

RE-DEMPTION
Re-demp"tion (-shn), n. Etym: [F. rédemption, L. redemptio. See
Redeem, and cf. Ransom.]

Defn: The act of redeeming, or the state of being redeemed;
repurchase; ransom; release; rescue; deliverance; as, the redemption
of prisoners taken in war; the redemption of a ship and cargo.
Specifically:
(a) (Law) The liberation of an estate from a mortgage, or the taking
back of property mortgaged, upon performance of the terms or
conditions on which it was conveyed; also, the right of redeeming and
reëntering upon an estate mortgaged. See Equity of redemption, under
Equity.
(b) (Com.) Performance of the obligation stated in a note, bill,
bond, or other evidence of debt, by making payment to the holder.
(c) (Theol.) The procuring of God's favor by the sufferings and death
of Christ; the ransom or deliverance of sinners from the bondage of
sin and the penalties of God's violated law.
In whom we have redemption through his blood. Eph. i. 7.

REDEMPTIONARY
Re*demp"tion*a*ry (-*r), n.

Defn: One who is, or may be, redeemed. [R.] Hakluyt.

REDEMPTIONER
Re*demp"tion*er (-r), n.

1. One who redeems himself, as from debt or servitude.

2. Formerly, one who, wishing to emigrate from Europe to America,
sold his services for a stipulated time to pay the expenses of his
passage.

REDEMPTIONIST
Re*demp"tion*ist, n. (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: A monk of an order founded in 1197; -- so called because the
order was especially devoted to the redemption of Christians held in
captivity by the Mohammedans. Called also Trinitarian.

REDEMPTIVE
Re*demp"tive (-tv), a.

Defn: Serving or tending to redeem; redeeming; as, the redemptive
work of Christ.

REDEMPTORIST
Re*demp"tor*ist (-tr*st), n. Etym: [F. rédemptoriste, fr. L.
redemptor redeemer, from redinere. See Redeem.] (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: One of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, founded in
Naples in 1732 by St. Alphonsus Maria de Liquori. It was introduced
onto the United States in 1832 at Detroit. The Fathers of the
Congregation devote themselves to preaching to the neglected, esp. in
missions and retreats, and are forbidden by their rule to engage in
the instruction of youth.

REDEMPTORY
Re*demp"to*ry (-t*r), a.

Defn: Paid for ransom; serving to redeem. "Hector's redemptory
price." Chapman.

REDEMPTURE
Re*demp"ture (-tr; 135), n.

Defn: Redemption. [Obs.]

REDENTED
Re*dent"ed (r*dnt"d), a. Etym: [From OF. redent. See Redan.]

Defn: Formed like the teeth of a saw; indented.

REDEPOSIT
Re`de*pos"it (r`d*pz"t), v. t.

Defn: To deposit again.

REDESCEND
Re`de*scend" (-snd"), v. i. Etym: [Pref. re- + descend: cf. F.
redescendre.]

Defn: To descend again. Howell.

REDEVELOP
Re`de*vel"op, v. t. & i.

Defn: To develop again; specif. (Photog.),

Defn: to intensify (a developed image), as by bleaching with mercuric
chloride and subsequently subjecting anew to a developing agent. --
Re`de*vel"op*er (#), n. --Re`de*vel"op*ment (#), n.

REDEYE
Red"eye` (rd"`), n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The rudd.
(b) Same as Redfish. (d).
(c) The goggle-eye, or fresh-water rock bass. [Local, U.S.]

REDFIN
Red"fin` (-fn`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small North American dace (Minnilus cornutus, or Notropis
megalops). The male, in the breeding season, has bright red fins.
Called also red dace, and shiner. Applied also to Notropis ardens, of
the Mississippi valley.

REDFINCH
Red"finch` (-fînch`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European linnet.

REDFISH
Red"fish` (rêd"fîsh`), n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The blueback salmon of the North Pacific; -- called also nerka.
See Blueback. (b).
(b) The rosefish.
(c) A large California labroid food fish (Trochocopus pulcher); --
called also fathead.
(d) The red bass, red drum, or drumfish. See the Note under Drumfish.

RED-GUM
Red"-gum` (-gm`), n. Etym: [OE. reed gounde; AS. reád red + gund
matter, pus.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: An eruption of red pimples upon the face, neck, and arms, in
early infancy; tooth rash; strophulus. Good.

2. A name of rust on grain. See Rust.

RED-HAND; RED-HANDED
Red"-hand` (rd"hnd`), Red"-hand`ed (-hnd`d), a. or adv.

Defn: Having hands red with blood; in the very act, as if with red or
bloody hands; -- said of a person taken in the act of homicide;
hence, fresh from the commission of crime; as, he was taken red-hand
or red-handed.

REDHEAD
Red"head` (-hd`), n.

1. A person having red hair.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) An American duck (Aythya Americana) highly esteemed as a game
bird. It is closely allied to the canvasback, but is smaller and its
head brighter red. Called also red-headed duck. American poachard,
grayback, and fall duck. See Illust. under Poachard.
(b) The red-headed woodpecker. See Woodpecker.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of milkweed (Asclepias Curassavica) with red flowers. It
is used in medicine.

REDHIBITION
Red`hi*bi"tion (rd`h*bsh"n), n. Etym: [L. redhibitio a taking back.]
(Civil Law)

Defn: The annulling of a sale, and the return by the buyer of the
article sold, on account of some defect.

REDHIBITORY
Red*hib"i*to*ry (rd*hb"*t*r), a. Etym: [L. redhibitorius.] (Civil
Law)

Defn: Of or pertaining to redhibition; as, a redhibitory action or
fault.

REDHOOP
Red"hoop` (rd"hp`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male of the European bullfinch. [Prov. Eng.]

REDHORN
Red"horn` (-hrn`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of a tribe of butterflies (Fugacia) including the
common yellow species and the cabbage butterflies. The antennæ are
usually red.

RED-HOT
Red"-hot` (-ht`), a.

Defn: Red with heat; heated to redness; as, red-hot iron; red-hot
balls. Hence, figuratively, excited; violent; as, a red-hot radical.
Shak.

REDIA
Re"di*a (r"d*), n.; pl. L. Rediæ (-e), E. Redias (-. Etym: [NL.; of
uncertain origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of larva, or nurse, which is prroduced within the
sporocyst of certain trematodes by asexual generation. It in turn
produces, in the same way, either another generation of rediæ, or
else cercariæ within its own body. Called also proscolex, and nurse.
See Illustration in Appendix.

REDIENT
Re"di*ent (r"d-ent), a. Etym: [L. rediens, p. pr. of redire to
return; pref. red- + ire to go.]

Defn: Returning. [R.]

REDIF
Re*dif", n. [Turk. redif, fr. radif, orig., he who rides behind
another on the same beast, fr. radaf to follow.]

Defn: A reserve force in the Turkish army, or a soldier of the
reserve. See Army organization, above.

REDIGEST
Re`di*gest" (r`d*jst"), v. t.

Defn: To digest, or reduce to form, a second time. Kent.

REDIMINISH
Re`di*min"ish (-mn"sh), v. t.

Defn: To diminish again.

REDINGOTE
Red"in*gote (rd"n*gt), n. Etym: [F., corrupted from E. reding coat.]

Defn: A long plain double-breasted outside coat for women.

REDINTEGRATE
Re*din"te*grate (r*dn"t*grt), a. Etym: [L. redintegratus, p.p. of
redintegrare to restore; pref. red-, re-, re- + integrare to make
whole, to renew, fr. integer whole. See Integer.]

Defn: Restored to wholeness or a perfect state; renewed. Bacon.

REDINTEGRATE
Re*din"te*grate (-grt), v. t.

Defn: To make whole again; a renew; to restore to integrity or
soundness.
The English nation seems obliterated. What could redintegrate us
again Coleridge.

REDINTEGRATION
Re*din`te*gra"tion (-gr"shn), n. Etym: [L. redintegratio.]

1. Restoration to a whole or sound state; renewal; renovation. Dr. H.
More.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Restoration of a mixed body or matter to its former nature and
state. [Achaic.] Coxe.

3. (Psychology)

Defn: The law that objects which have been previously combined as
part of a single mental state tend to recall or suggest one another;
-- adopted by many philosophers to explain the phenomena of the
association of ideas.

REDIRECT
Re`di*rect" (r`d*rkt"), a. (Law)

Defn: Applied to the examination of a witness, by the party calling
him, after the cross-examination.

REDISBURSE
Re`dis*burse" (r`ds*brs"), v. t.

Defn: To disburse anew; to give, or pay, back. Spenser.

REDISCOVER
Re`dis*cov"er (-kv"r), v. t.

Defn: To discover again.

REDISPOSE
Re`dis*pose" (-pz"), v. t.

Defn: To dispose anew or again; to readjust; to rearrange. A. Baxter.

REDISSEIZE
Re`dis*seize" (-sz"), v. t. (Law)

Defn: To disseize anew, or a second time. [Written also redisseise.]

REDISSEIZIN
Re`dis*sei"zin (-s"zn), n. (Law)

Defn: A disseizin by one who once before was adjudged to have
dassezed the same person of the same lands, etc.; also, a writ which
lay in such a case. Blackstone.

REDISSEIZOR
Re`dis*sei"zor (-zr), n. (Law)

Defn: One who redisseizes.

REDISSOLVE
Re`dis*solve" (r`dz*zlv"), v. t.

Defn: To dissolve again.

REDISTILL
Re`dis*till" (r`ds*tl"), v. t.

Defn: To distill again.

REDISTRAINER
Re`dis*train"er (-trn"r), n.

Defn: One who distrains again.

REDISTRIBUTE
Re`dis*trib"ute (-trb"t), v. t.

Defn: To distribute again.
 -- Re*dis`tri*bu"tion (-tr, n.

REDISTRICT
Re*dis"trict (-trkt), v. t.

Defn: To divide into new districts.

REDITION
Re*di"tion (r*dsh"n), n. Etym: [L. reditio, fr. redire. See Redient.]

Defn: Act of returning; return. [Obs.] Chapman.

REDIVIDE
Re`di*vide" (r`d*vd"), v. t.

Defn: To divide anew.

REDIVIVUS
Red`i*vi"vus, a. [L., fr. pref. red-, re-, re- + vivus alive.]

Defn: Living again; revived; restored.

REDLEG; REDLEGS
Red"leg` (rd"lg`), Red`legs` (-lgz`), n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The redshank.
(b) The turnstone.

RED-LETTER
Red"-let`ter (-lt`tr), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a red letter; marked by red letters. Red-
letter day, a day that is fortunate or auspicious; -- so called in
allusion to the custom of marking holy days, or saints' days, in the
old calendars with red letters.

RED-LIGHT DISTRICT
Red-light district.

Defn: A district or neighborhood in which disorderly resorts are
frequent; -- so called in allusion to the red light kept in front of
many such resorts at night. [Colloq. or Cant]

REDLY
Red"ly, adv.

Defn: In a red manner; with redness.

REDMOUTH
Red"mouth` (-mouth`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of marine food fishes of the genus
Diabasis, or Hæmulon, of the Southern United States, having the
inside of the mouth bright red. Called also flannelmouth, and grunt.

REDNESS
Red"ness, n. Etym: [AS. r. See Red.]

Defn: The quality or state of being red; red color.

REDOLENCE; REDOLENCY
Red"o*lence, Red"o*len*cy, n.

Defn: The quality of being redolent; sweetness of scent; pleasant
odor; fragrance.

REDOLENT
Red"o*lent (-lent), a. Etym: [L. redolens, -entis, p. pr. of redolere
to emit a scent, diffuse an odor; pref. red-, re-, re- + olere to
emit a smell. See Odor.]

Defn: Diffusing odor or fragrance; spreading sweet scent; scented;
odorous; smelling; -- usually followed by of. "Honey redolent of
spring." Dryden.
 -- Red"o*lent*ly, adv.
Gales . . . redolent of joy and youth. Gray.

REDOUBLE
Re*dou"ble (r*db"'l), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + double: cf. F.
redoubler. Cf. Reduplicate.]

Defn: To double again or repeatedly; to increase by continued or
repeated additions; to augment greatly; to multiply.
So they Doubly redoubled strokes upon the foe. Shak.
n. An optional bid made by the side currently holding the highest bid
for the contract, after the opposing side has doubled. This bid
increases the score for successfully making the contract, and
increases the penalties for failing. The score or penalty depends on
the number of tricks over or under the contract, according to a
defined schedule, and depending on the vulnerability of the side
attempting the contract.

REDOUBLE
Re*dou"ble, v. i.

Defn: To become greatly or repeatedly increased; to be multiplied; to
be greatly augmented; as, the noise redoubles.

REDOUBT
Re*doubt" (r*dout"), n. Etym: [F. redoute, fem., It. ridotto, LL.
reductus, literally, a retreat, from L. reductus drawn back, retired,
p. p. of reducere to lead or draw back; cf. F. réduit, also fr. LL.
reductus. See Reduce, and cf. Reduct, R, Ridotto.] (Fort.)
(a) A small, and usually a roughly constructed, fort or outwork of
varying shape, commonly erected for a temporary purpose, and without
flanking defenses, -- used esp. in fortifying tops of hills and
passes, and positions in hostile territory.
(b) In permanent works, an outwork placed within another outwork. See
F and i in Illust. of Ravelin. [Written also redout.]

REDOUBT
Re*doubt", v. t. Etym: [F. redouter, formerly also spelt redoubter;
fr. L. pref. re- re- + dubitare to doubt, in LL., to fear. See
Doubt.]

Defn: To stand in dread of; to regard with fear; to dread. [R.]

REDOUBTABLE
Re*doubt"a*ble (-*b'l), a. Etym: [F. redoutable, formerly also spelt
redoubtable.]

Defn: Formidable; dread; terrible to foes; as, a redoubtable hero;
hence, valiant; -- often in contempt or burlesque. [Written also
redoutable.]

REDOUBTED
Re*doubt"ed, a.

Defn: Formidable; dread. "Some redoubled knight." Spenser.
Lord regent, and redoubted Burgandy. Shak.

REDOUBTING
Re*doubt"ing, n.

Defn: Reverence; honor. [Obs.]
In redoutyng of Mars and of his glory. Chaucer.

REDOUND
Re*dound" (r*dound"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Redounded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Redounding.] Etym: [F. redonder, L. redundare; pref. red-, re-, re- +
undare to rise in waves or surges, fr. unda a wave. See Undulate, and
cf. Redundant.]

1. To roll back, as a wave or flood; to be sent or driven back; to
flow back, as a consequence or effect; to conduce; to contribute; to
result.
The evil, soon Driven back, redounded as a flood on those From whom
it sprung. Milton.
The honor done to our religion ultimately redounds to God, the author
of it. Rogers.
both . . . will devour great quantities of paper, there will no small
use redound from them to that manufacture. Addison.

2. To be in excess; to remain over and above; to be redundant; to
overflow.
For every dram of honey therein found, A pound of gall doth over it
redound. Spenser.

REDOUND
Re*dound", n.

1. The coming back, as of consequence or effect; result; return;
requital.
We give you welcome; not without redound Of use and glory to
yourselves ye come. Tennyson.

2. Rebound; reverberation. [R.] Codrington.

REDOWA
Red"ow*a (rd"*), n. Etym: [F., fr. Bohemian.]

Defn: A Bohemian dance of two kinds, one in triple time, like a
waltz, the other in two-four time, like a polka. The former is most
in use.

REDPOLE
Red"pole` (rd"pl`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Redpoll.

REDPOLL
Red"poll` (-pl`), n. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of several species of small northern finches of the genus
Acanthis (formerly Ægiothus), native of Europe and America. The
adults have the crown red or rosy. The male of the most common
species (A. linarius) has also the breast and rump rosy. Called also
redpoll linnet. See Illust. under Linnet.
(b) The common European linnet.
(c) The American redpoll warbler (Dendroica palmarum).

REDRAFT
Re*draft" (re*draft"), v. t.

Defn: To draft or draw anew.

REDRAFT
Re*draft", n.

1. A second draft or copy.

2. (Com.)

Defn: A new bill of exchange which the holder of a protected bill
draws on the drawer or indorsers, in order to recover the amount of
the protested bill with costs and charges.

REDRAW
Re*draw" (r*dr"), v. t. [imp. Redrew (-dr");p. p. Redrawn (-dr*n");
p. pr. & vb. n. Redrawing.]

Defn: To draw again; to make a second draft or copy of; to redraft.

REDRAW
Re*draw", v. i. (Com.)

Defn: To draw a new bill of exchange, as the holder of a protested
bill, on the drawer or indorsers.

REDRESS
Re*dress" (r*drs"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + dress.]

Defn: To dress again.

REDRESS
Re*dress" (r*drs"), v. t. Etym: [F. redresser to straighten; pref.
re- re- + dresser to raise, arrange. See Dress.]

1. To put in order again; to set right; to emend; to revise. [R.]
The common profit could she redress. Chaucer.
In yonder spring of roses intermixed With myrtle, find what to
redress till noon. Milton.
Your wish that I should redress a certain paper which you had
prepared. A. Hamilton.

2. To set right, as a wrong; to repair, as an injury; to make amends
for; to remedy; to relieve from.
Those wrongs, those bitter injuries, . . . I doubt not but with honor
to redress. Shak.

3. To make amends or compensation to; to relieve of anything unjust
or oppressive; to bestow relief upon. "'T is thine, O king! the
afflicted to redress." Dryden.
Will Gaul or Muscovite redress ye Byron.

REDRESS
Re*dress", n.

1. The act of redressing; a making right; reformation; correction;
amendment. [R.]
Reformation of evil laws is commendable, but for us the more
necessary is a speedy redress of ourselves. Hooker.

2. A setting right, as of wrong, injury, or opression; as, the
redress of grievances; hence, relief; remedy; reparation;
indemnification. Shak.
A few may complain without reason; but there is occasion for redress
when the cry is universal. Davenant.

3. One who, or that which, gives relief; a redresser.
Fair majesty, the refuge and redress Of those whom fate pursues and
wants oppress. Dryden.

REDRESSAL
Re*dress"al (r*drs"al), n.

Defn: Redress.

REDRESSER
Re*dress"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who redresses.

REDRESSIBLE
Re*dress"i*ble (-*b'l), a.

Defn: Such as may be redressed.

REDRESSIVE
Re*dress"ive (-v), a.

Defn: Tending to redress. Thomson.

REDRESSLESS
Re*dress"less, a.

Defn: Not having redress; such as can not be redressed; irremediable.
Sherwood.

REDRESSMENT
Re*dress"ment (-ment), n. Etym: [Cf. F. redressement.]

Defn: The act of redressing; redress. Jefferson.

RED-RIBAND
Red"-rib`and (rd"rb`and), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European red band fish, or fireflame. See Rend fish.

REDROOT
Red"root` (rd"rt`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name of several plants having red roots, as the New Jersey
tea (see under Tea), the gromwell, the bloodroot, and the Lachnanthes
tinctoria, an endogenous plant found in sandy swamps from Rhode
Island to Florida.

REDSEAR
Red`sear" (rd`sr"), v. i.

Defn: To be brittle when red-hot; to be red-short. Moxon.

REDSHANK
Red"shank` (rd"shnk`), n.

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) A common Old World limicoline bird (Totanus calidris), having the
legs and feet pale red. The spotted redshank (T. fuscus) is larger,
and has orange-red legs. Called also redshanks, redleg, and clee.
(b) The fieldfare.

2. A bare-legged person; -- a contemptuous appellation formerly given
to the Scotch Highlanders, in allusion to their bare legs. Spenser.

RED-SHORT
Red"-short` (-shrt`), a. (Metal.)

Defn: Hot-short; brittle when red-hot; -- said of certain kinds of
iron.
 -- Red"-short`ness, n.

REDSKIN
Red"skin` (-skn`), n.

Defn: A common appellation for a North American Indian; -- so called
from the color of the skin. Cooper.

REDSTART
Red"start` (-strt`), n. Etym: [Red + start tail.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A small, handsome European singing bird (Ruticilla phoenicurus),
allied to the nightingale; -- called also redtail, brantail,
fireflirt, firetail. The black redstart is P.tithys. The name is also
applied to several other species of Ruticilla amnd allied genera,
native of India.
(b) An American fly-catching warbler (Setophaga ruticilla). The male
is black, with large patches of orange-red on the sides, wings, and
tail. The female is olive, with yellow patches.

REDSTREAK
Red"streak` (-strk`), n.

1. A kind of apple having the skin streaked with red and yellow, -- a
favorite English cider apple. Mortimer.

2. Cider pressed from redstreak apples.

REDTAIL
Red"tail` (-tl`), n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The red-tailed hawk.
(b) The European redstart.

RED-TAILED
Red"-tailed` (-tld`), a.

Defn: Having a red tail. Red-tailed hawk (Zoöl.), a large North
American hawk (Buteo borealis). When adult its tail is chestnut red.
Called also hen hawck, and red-tailed buzzard.

RED-TAPE
Red"-tape` (-tp`), a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, official formality. See Red
tape, under Red, a.

RED-TAPISM
Red`-tap"ism (rd`tp"z'm), n.

Defn: Strict adherence to official formalities. J. C. Shairp.

RED-TAPIST
Red`-tap"ist, n.

Defn: One who is tenacious of a strict adherence to official
formalities. Ld. Lytton.

REDTHROAT
Red"throat` (rd"thrt`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small Australian singing bird (Phyrrholæmus brunneus). The
upper parts are brown, the center of the throat red.

REDTOP
Red"top` (-tp`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of grass (Agrostis vulgaris) highly valued in the United
States for pasturage and hay for cattle; -- called also English
grass, and in some localities herd's grass. See Illustration in
Appendix. The tall redtop is Triodia seslerioides.

REDUB
Re*dub" (r*db"), v. t. Etym: [F. radouber to refit or repair.]

Defn: To refit; to repair, or make reparation for; hence, to repay or
requite. [Obs.]
It shall be good that you redub that negligence. Wyatt.
God shall give power to redub it with some like requital to the
French. Grafton.

REDUCE
Re*duce" (re*dus"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reduced (-dust"),; p. pr. &
vb. n. Reducing (-du"sîng).] Etym: [L. reducere, reductum; pref. red-
. re-, re- + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf. Redoubt, n.]

1. To bring or lead back to any former place or condition. [Obs.]
And to his brother's house reduced his wife. Chapman.
The sheep must of necessity be scattered, unless the great Shephered
of souls oppose, or some of his delegates reduce and direct us.
Evelyn.

2. To bring to any inferior state, with respect to rank, size,
quantity, quality, value, etc.; to diminish; to lower; to degrade; to
impair; as, to reduce a sergeant to the ranks; to reduce a drawing;
to reduce expenses; to reduce the intensity of heat. "An ancient but
reduced family." Sir W. Scott.
Nothing so excellent but a man may fasten upon something belonging to
it, to reduce it. Tillotson.
Having reduced Their foe to misery beneath their fears. Milton.
Hester Prynne was shocked at the condition to which she found the
clergyman reduced. Hawthorne.

3. To bring to terms; to humble; to conquer; to subdue; to capture;
as, to reduce a province or a fort.

4. To bring to a certain state or condition by grinding, pounding,
kneading, rubbing, etc.; as, to reduce a substance to powder, or to a
pasty mass; to reduce fruit, wood, or paper rags, to pulp.
It were but right And equal to reduce me to my dust. Milton.

5. To bring into a certain order, arrangement, classification, etc.;
to bring under rules or within certain limits of descriptions and
terms adapted to use in computation; as, to reduce animals or
vegetables to a class or classes; to reduce a series of observations
in astronomy; to reduce language to rules.

6. (Arith.)
(a) To change, as numbers, from one denomination into another without
altering their value, or from one denomination into others of the
same value; as, to reduce pounds, shillings, and pence to pence, or
to reduce pence to pounds; to reduce days and hours to minutes, or
minutes to days and hours.
(b) To change the form of a quantity or expression without altering
its value; as, to reduce fractions to their lowest terms, to a common
denominator, etc.

7. (Chem.)

Defn: To bring to the metallic state by separating from impurities;
hence, in general, to remove oxygen from; to deoxidize; to combine
with, or to subject to the action of, hydrogen; as, ferric iron is
reduced to ferrous iron; or metals are reduced from their ores; --
opposed to Ant: oxidize.

8. (Med.)

Defn: To restore to its proper place or condition, as a displaced
organ or part; as, to reduce a dislocation, a fracture, or a hernia.
Reduced iron (Chem.), metallic iron obtained through deoxidation of
an oxide of iron by exposure to a current of hydrogen or other
reducing agent. When hydrogen is used the product is called also iron
by hydrogen.
 -- To reduce an equation (Alg.), to bring the unknown quantity by
itself on one side, and all the known quantities on the other side,
without destroying the equation.
 -- To reduce an expression (Alg.), to obtain an equivalent
expression of simpler form.
 -- To reduce a square (Mil.), to reform the line or column from the
square.

Syn.
 -- To diminish; lessen; decrease; abate; shorten; curtail; impair;
lower; subject; subdue; subjugate; conquer.

REDUCEMENT
Re*duce"ment (r*ds"ment), n.

Defn: Reduction. Milton.

REDUCENT
Re*du"cent (r*d"sent), a. Etym: [L. reducens, p. pr. of reducere.]

Defn: Tending to reduce.
 -- n.

Defn: A reducent agent.

REDUCER
Re*du"cer (-sr), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, reduces.

REDUCIBLE
Re*du"ci*ble (-s*b'll), a.

Defn: Capable of being reduced.

REDUCIBLENESS
Re*du"ci*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being reducible.

REDUCING
Re*du"cing (r*d"sng),

Defn: a & n. from Reduce. Reducing furnace (Metal.), a furnace for
reducing ores.
 -- Reducing pipe fitting, a pipe fitting, as a coupling, an elbow, a
tee, etc., for connecting a large pipe with a smaller one.
 -- Reducing valve, a device for automatically maintaining a
diminished pressure of steam, air, gas, etc., in a pipe, or other
receiver, which is fed from a boiler or pipe in which the pressure is
higher than is desired in the receiver.

REDUCT
Re*duct" (r*dkt"), v. t.. Etym: [L.reductus, p. p. of reducere. See
Reduce.]

Defn: To reduce. [Obs.] W. Warde.

REDUCTIBILITY
Re*duc`ti*bil"i*ty (r*dk`t*bl"*t), n.

Defn: The quality of being reducible; reducibleness.

REDUCTION
Re*duc"tion (r*dk"shn), n. Etym: [F. réduction, L. reductio. See
Reduce.]

1. The act of reducing, or state of being reduced; conversion to a
given state or condition; diminution; conquest; as, the reduction of
a body to powder; the reduction of things to order; the reduction of
the expenses of government; the reduction of a rebellious province.

2. (Arith. & Alq.)

Defn: The act or process of reducing. See Reduce, v. t., 6. and To
reduce an equation, To reduce an expression, under Reduce, v. t.

3. (Astron.)
(a) The correction of observations for known errors of instruments,
etc.
(b) The preparation of the facts and measurements of observations in
order to deduce a general result.

4. The process of making a copy of something, as a figure, design, or
draught, on a smaller scale, preserving the proper proportions.
Fairholt.

5. (Logic)

Defn: The bringing of a syllogism in one of the so-called imperfect
modes into a mode in the first figure.

6. (Chem. & Metal.)

Defn: The act, process, or result of reducing; as, the reduction of
iron from its ores; the reduction of aldehyde from alcohol.

7. (Med.)

Defn: The operation of restoring a dislocated or fractured part to
its former place. Reduction ascending (Arith.), the operation of
changing numbers of a lower into others of a higher denomination, as
cents to dollars.
 -- Reduction descending (Arith.), the operation of changing numbers
of a higher into others of a lower denomination, as dollars to cents.

Syn.
 -- Diminution; decrease; abatement; curtailment; subjugation;
conquest; subjection.

REDUCTIVE
Re*duc"tive (-tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. réductif.]

Defn: Tending to reduce; having the power or effect of reducing.
 -- n.

Defn: A reductive agent. Sir M. Hale.

REDUCTIVELY
Re*duc"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By reduction; by consequence.

REDUIT
Ré`duit" (r`dw"), n. Etym: [F. See Redoubt, n. ] (Fort.)

Defn: A central or retired work within any other work.

REDUNDANCE; REDUNDANCY
Re*dun"dance, Re*dun"dan*cy, n. Etym: [L. redundantia: cf. F.
redondance.]

1. The quality or state of being redundant; superfluity;
superabundance; excess.

2. That which is redundant or in excess; anything superfluous or
superabundant.
Labor . . . throws off redundacies. Addison.

3. (Law)

Defn: Surplusage inserted in a pleading which may be rejected by the
court without impairing the validity of what remains.

REDUNDANT
Re*dun"dant (-dant), a. Etym: [L. redundans, -antis, p. pr. of
redundare: cf. F. redondant. See Redound.]

1. Exceeding what is natural or necessary; superabundant; exuberant;
as, a redundant quantity of bile or food.
Notwithstanding the redundant oil in fishes, they do not increase fat
so much as flesh. Arbuthnot.

2. Using more worrds or images than are necessary or useful;
pleonastic.
Where an suthor is redundant, mark those paragraphs to be retrenched.
I. Watts.

Syn.
 -- Superfluous; superabundant; excessive; exuberant; overflowing;
plentiful; copious.

REDUNDANTLY
Re*dun"dant*ly (r*dn"dant*l), adv.

Defn: In a refundant manner.

REDUPLICATE
Re*du"pli*cate (r*d"pl*kt), a. Etym: [Pref. re- + duplicate: cf. L.
reduplicatus. Cf. Redouble.]

1. Double; doubled; reduplicative; repeated.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Valvate with the margins curved outwardly; -- said of the

REDUPLICATE
Re*du"pli*cate (-kt), v. t. Etym: [Cf. LL. reduplicare.]

1. To redouble; to multiply; to repeat.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: To repeat the first letter or letters of (a word). See
Reduplication,3.

REDUPLICATION
Re*du`pli*ca"tion (-kshn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. réduplication, L.
reduplicatio repetition.]

1. The act of doubling, or the state of being doubled.

2. (Pros.) A figure in which the first word of a verse is the same as
the last word of the preceding verse.

3. (Philol.)

Defn: The doubling of a stem or syllable (more or less modified),
with the effect of changing the time expressed, intensifying the
meaning, or making the word more imitative; also, the syllable thus
added; as, L. tetuli; poposci.

REDUPLICATIVE
Re*du"pli*ca*tive (-k*tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. réduplicatif.]

Defn: Double; formed by reduplication; reduplicate. I. Watts.

REDUVID
Red"u*vid (rd"*vd), n. Etym: [L. reduvia a hangnail.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any hemipterous insect of the genus Redivius, or family
Reduvidæ. They live by sucking the blood of other insects, and some
species also attack man.

REDWEED
Red"weed` (rêd"wed`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: The red poppy (Papaver Rhoeas). Dr. Prior.

REDWING
Red"wing` (-wng`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European thrush (Turdus iliacus). Its under wing coverts are
orange red. Called also redwinged thrush. (b) A North American
passerine bird (Agelarius phoeniceus) of the family Icteridæ. The
male is black, with a conspicuous patch of bright red, bordered with
orange, on each wing. Called also redwinged blackbird, red-winged
troupial, marsh blackbird, and swamp blackbird.

REDWITHE
Red"withe` (rd"wth`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A west Indian climbing shrub (Combretum Jacquini) with slender
reddish branchlets.

REDWOOD
Red"wood` (-wood`), n. (Bot.)
(a) A gigantic coniferous tree (Sequoia sempervirens) of California,
and its light and durable reddish timber. See Sequoia.
(b) An East Indian dyewood, obtained from Pterocarpus santalinus,
Cæsalpinia Sappan, and several other trees.

Note: The redwood of Andaman is Pterocarpus dalbergioides; that of
some parts of tropical America, several species of Erythoxylum; that
of Brazil, the species of Humirium.

REE
Ree (re), n. Etym: [Pg. real, pl. reis. See Real the money.]

Defn: See Rei.

REE
Ree, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Prov. G. r, raden, raiten. Cf. Riddle a sieve.]

Defn: To riddle; to sift; to separate or throw off. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.] Mortimer.

REEBOK
Ree"bok` (r"bk`), n. Etym: [D., literally, roebuck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The peele. [Written also rehboc and rheeboc.]

REECHO; RE-ECHO
Re*ech"o, v. t.

Defn: To echo back; to reverberate again; as, the hills reëcho the
roar of cannon.

REECHO
Re*ëch"o, v. i.

Defn: To give echoes; to return back, or be reverberated, as an echo;
to resound; to be resonant.
And a loud groan reëchoes from the main. Pope.

REECHO
Re*ëch"o, n.

Defn: The echo of an echo; a repeated or second echo.

REECHY
Reech"y (rch"), a. Etym: [See Reeky.]

Defn: Smoky; reeky; hence, begrimed with dirt. [Obs.]

REED
Reed (rd), a.

Defn: Red. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REED
Reed, v. & n.

Defn: Same as Rede. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REED
Reed, n.

Defn: The fourth stomach of a ruminant; rennet. [Prov. Eng. or Scot.]

REED
Reed, n. Etym: [AS. hre; akin to D. riet, G. riet, ried, OHG. kriot,
riot.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to many tall and coarse grasses or grasslike
plants, and their slender, often jointed, stems, such as the various
kinds of bamboo, and especially the common reed of Europe and North
America (Phragmites communis).

2. A musical instrument made of the hollow joint of some plant; a
rustic or pastoral pipe.
Arcadian pipe, the pastoral reed Of Hermes. Milton.

3. An arrow, as made of a reed. Prior.

4. Straw prepared for thatching a roof. [Prov. Eng.]

5. (Mus.)
(a) A small piece of cane or wood attached to the mouthpiece of
certain instruments, and set in vibration by the breath. In the
clarinet it is a single fiat reed; in the oboe and bassoon it is
double, forming a compressed tube.
(b) One of the thin pieces of metal, the vibration of which produce
the tones of a melodeon, accordeon, harmonium, or seraphine; also
attached to certain sets or registers of pipes in an organ.

6. (Weaving)

Defn: A frame having parallel flat stripe of metal or reed, between
which the warp threads pass, set in the swinging lathe or batten of a
loom for beating up the weft; a sley. See Batten.

7. (Mining)

Defn: A tube containing the train of powder for igniting the charge
in blasting.

8. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Reeding. Egyptian reed (Bot.), the papyrus.
 -- Free reed (Mus.), a reed whose edges do not overlap the wind
passage, -- used in the harmonium, concertina, etc. It is
distinguished from the beating or striking reed of the organ and
clarinet.
 -- Meadow reed grass (Bot.), the Glyceria aquatica, a tall grass
found in wet places.
 -- Reed babbler. See Reedbird.
 -- Reed bunting (Zoöl.) A European sparrow (Emberiza schoeniclus)
which frequents marshy places; -- called also reed sparrow, ring
bunting. (b) Reedling.
 -- Reed canary grass (Bot.), a tall wild grass (Phalaris
arundinacea).
 -- Reed grass. (Bot.) (a) The common reed. See Reed, 1. (b) A plant
of the genus Sparganium; bur reed. See under Bur.
 -- Reed organ (Mus.), an organ in which the wind acts on a set of
free reeds, as the harmonium, melodeon, concertina, etc.
 -- Reed pipe (Mus.), a pipe of an organ furnished with a reed.
 -- Reed sparrow. (Zoöl.) See Reed bunting, above.
 -- Reed stop (Mus.), a set of pipes in an organ furnished with
reeds.
 -- Reed warbler. (Zoöl.) (a) A small European warbler (Acrocephalus
streperus); -- called also reed wren. (b) Any one of several species
of Indian and Australian warblers of the genera Acrocephalus,
Calamoherpe, and Arundinax. They are excellent singers.
 -- Sea-sand reed (Bot.), a kind of coarse grass (Ammophila
arundinacea). See Beach grass, under Beach.
 -- Wood reed grass (Bot.), a tall, elegant grass (Cinna
arundinacea), common in moist woods.

REEDBIRD
Reed"bird` (rd"brd`), n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The bobolink.
(b) One of several small Asiatic singing birds of the genera
Schoenicola and Eurycercus; -- called also reed babbler.

REEDBUCK
Reed"buck" (-bk`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Rietboc.

REEDED
Reed"ed, a.

1. Civered with reeds; reedy. Tusser.

2. Formed with channels and ridges like reeds.

REEDEN
Reed"en (rd"'n), a.

Defn: Consisting of a reed or reeds.
Through reeden pipes convey the golden flood. Dryden.

REEDIFICATION
Re*ëd`i*fi*ca"tion (r*d`*f*k"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. ré\'82dification.
See Reëdify.]

Defn: The act reëdifying; the state of being reëdified.

REEDIFY
Re*ëd"i*fy (r*d"*ff), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + edify: cf. F.
ré\'82difier, L. reaedificare.]

Defn: To edify anew; to build again after destruction. [R.] Milton.

REEDING
Reed"ing (rd"ng), n. Etym: [From 4th Reed.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A small convex molding; a reed (see Illust. (i) of Molding);
one of several set close together to decorate a surface; also,
decoration by means of reedings; -- the reverse of fluting.

Note: Several reedings are often placed together, parallel to each
other, either projecting from, or inserted into, the adjining
surface. The decoration so produced is then called, in general,
reeding.

2. The nurling on the edge of a coin; -- commonly called milling.

REEDLESS
Reed"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of reeds; as, reedless banks.

REEDLING
Reed"ling (-lng), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European bearded titmouse (Panurus biarmicus); -- called
also reed bunting, bearded pinnock, and lesser butcher bird.

Note: It is orange brown, marked with black, white, and yellow on the
wings. The male has a tuft of black feathers on each side of the
face.

REED-MACE
Reed"-mace` (-ms`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: The cat-tail.

REEDWORK
Reed"work` (-wrk`), n. (Mus.)

Defn: A collective name for the reed stops of an organ.

REEDY
Reed"y (-), a.

1. Abounding with reeds; covered with reeds. "A reedy pool." Thomson
.

2. Having the quality of reed in tone, that is,

REEF
Reef (rf), n. Etym: [Akin to D. rif, G. riff, Icel. rif, Dan. rev;
cf. Icel. rifa rift, rent, fissure, rifa to rive, bear. Cf. Rift,
Rive.]

1. A chain or range of rocks lying at or near the surface of the
water. See Coral reefs, under Coral.

2. (Mining.)

Defn: A large vein of auriferous quartz; -- so called in Australia.
Hence, any body of rock yielding valuable ore. Reef builder (Zoöl.),
any stony coral which contributes material to the formation of coral
reefs.
 -- Reef heron (Zoöl.), any heron of the genus Demigretta; as, the
blue reef heron (D.jugularis) of Australia.

REEF
Reef, n. Etym: [Akin to D. reef, G. reff, Sw. ref; cf. Icel. rif
reef, rifa to basten together. Cf. Reeve, v. t., River.] (Naut.)

Defn: That part of a sail which is taken in or let out by means of
the reef points, in order to adapt the size of the sail to the force
of the wind.

Note: From the head to the first reef-band, in square sails, is
termed the first reef; from this to the next is the second reef; and
so on. In fore-and-aft sails, which reef on the foot, the first reef
is the lowest part. Totten. Close reef, the last reef that can be put
in.
 -- Reef band. See Reef-band in the Vocabulary.
 -- Reef knot, the knot which is used in tying reef pointss. See
Illust. under Knot.
 -- Reef line, a small rope formerly used to reef the courses by
being passed spirally round the yard and through the holes of the
reef. Totten.
 -- Reef pioints, pieces of small rope passing through the eyelet
holes of a reef-band, and used reefing the sail.
 -- Reef tackle, a tackle by which the reef cringles, or rings, of a
sail are hauled up to the yard for reefing. Totten.
 -- To take a reef in, to reduce the size of (a sail) by folding or
rolling up a reef, and lashing it to the spar.

REEF
Reef, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reefed (reft); p. pr. & vb. n. Reefing.]
(Naut.)

Defn: To reduce the extent of (as a sail) by roiling or folding a
certain portion of it and making it fast to the yard or spar. Totten.
To reef the paddles, to move the floats of a paddle wheel toward its
center so that they will not dip so deeply.

REEF-BAND
Reef"-band` (rf"bnd`), n. (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of canvas sewed across a sail to strengthen it in the
part where the eyelet holes for reefing are made. Totten.

REEFER
Reef"er (-r), n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: One who reefs; -- a name often given to midshipmen. Marryat.

2. A close-fitting lacket or short coat of thick cloth.

REEFING
Reef"ing, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The process of taking in a reef. Reefing bowsprit, a bowsprit
so rigged that it can easily be run in or shortened by sliding
inboard, as in cutters.

REEFY
Reef"y (-), a.

Defn: Full of reefs or rocks.

REEK
Reek (rek), n.

Defn: A rick. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

REEK
Reek, n. Etym: [AS. r; akin to OFries. r, LG. & D. rook, G. rauch,
OHG. rouh, Dan. rr, Icel. reykr, and to AS. re to reek, smoke, Icel.
rj, G. riechen to smell.]

Defn: Vapor; steam; smoke; fume.
As hateful to me as the reek of a limekiln. Shak.

REEK
Reek, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Reeked (rkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Reeking.]
Etym: [As. r. See Reek vapor..]

Defn: To emit vapor, usually that which is warm and moist; to be full
of fumes; to steam; to smoke; to exhale.
Few chimneys reeking you shall espy. Spenser.
I found me laid In balmy sweat, which with his beams the sun Soon
dried, and on the reeking moisture fed. Milton.
The coffee rooms reeked with tobacco. Macualay.

REEKY
Reek"y (-), a. Etym: [From 2d Reek; cf. Reechy.]

1. Soiled with smoke or steam; smoky; foul. Shak.

2. Emitting reek. "Reeky fen." Sir W. Scott.

REEL
Reel (rl), n. Etym: [Gael. righil.]

Defn: A lively dance of the Highlanders of Scotland; also, the music
to the dance; -- often called Scotch reel. Virginia reel, the common
name throughout the United States for the old English "country
dance," or contradance (contredanse). Bartlett.

REEL
Reel, n. Etym: [AS. kre: cf. Icel. kr a weaver's reed or sley.]

1. A frame with radial arms, or a kind of spool, turning on an axis,
on which yarn, threads, lines, or the like, are wound; as, a log
reel, used by seamen; an angler's reel; a garden reel.

2. A machine on which yarn is wound and measured into lays and hanks,
-- for cotton or linen it is fifty-four inches in circuit; for
worsted, thirty inches. McElrath.

3. (Agric.)

Defn: A device consisting of radial arms with horizontal stats,
connected with a harvesting machine, for holding the stalks of grain
in position to be cut by the knives. Reel oven, a baker's oven in
which bread pans hang suspended from the arms of a kind of reel
revolving on a horizontal axis. Knight.

REEL
Reel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reeled (rld); p. pr. & vb. n. Reeling. ]

1. To roll. [Obs.]
And Sisyphus an huge round stone did reel. Spenser.

2. To wind upon a reel, as yarn or thread.

REEL
Reel, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Sw. ragla. See 2d Reel.]

1. To incline, in walking, from one side to the other; to stagger.
They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man. Ps. cvii. 27.
He, with heavy fumes oppressed, Reeled from the palace, and retired
to rest. Pope.
The wagons reeling under the yellow sheaves. Macualay.

2. To have a whirling sensation; to be giddy.
In these lengthened vigils his brain often reeled. Hawthorne.

REEL
Reel, n.

Defn: The act or motion of reeling or staggering; as, a drunken reel.
Shak.

REELECT
Re`ë*lect" (r`*lkt"), v. t.

Defn: To elect again; as, to reëlect the former governor.

REELECTION
Re`ë*lec"tion (-lk"shn), n.

Defn: Election a second time, or anew; as, the reëlection of a former
chief.

REELER
Reel"er (rl"r), n.

1. One who reels.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The grasshopper warbler; -- so called from its note. [Prov.
Eng.]

REELIGIBLE
Re*ël"i*gi*ble (r*l"*b'l), a.

Defn: Eligble again; capable of reëlection; as, reëligible to the
same office.
 -- Re*ël`i*gi*bil"i*ty (r, n.

REEM
Reem (rm), n. Etym: [Heb.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Hebrew name of a horned wild animal, probably the Urus.

Note: In King James's Version it is called unicorn; in the Revised
Version,wild ox. Job xxxix. 9.

REEM
Reem, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Ream to make a hole in.] (Naut.)

Defn: To open (the seams of a vessel's planking) for the purpose of
calking them. Reeming iron (Naut.), an iron chisel for reeming the
seams of planks in calking ships.

REEMBARK
Re`ëm*bark" (r`m*brk"), v. t. & i.

Defn: To put, or go, on board a vessel again; to embark again.

REEMBARKATION
Re*ëm`bar*ka"tion (r*m`br*k"shn), n.

Defn: A putting, or going, on board a vessel again.

REEMBODY
Re`ëm*bod"y (r`m*bd"), v. t.

Defn: To embody again.

REEMBRACE
Re`ëm*brace" (-brs"), v. i.

Defn: To embrace again.

REEMERGE
Re`ë*merge" (r`*mrj"), v. i.

Defn: To emerge again.

REEMERGENCE
Re`ë*mer"gence (-mr"jens), n.

Defn: Act of re

REENACT
Re`ën*act" (r`n*kt") v. t.

Defn: To enact again.

REENACTION
Re`ën*ac"tion (-k"shn), n.

Defn: The act of re

REENACTMENT
Re`ën*act"ment (-kt"ment), n.

Defn: The enacting or passing of a law a second time; the renewal of
a law.

REENCOURAGE
Re`ën*cour"age (-kr"j;), v. t.

Defn: To encourage again.

REENDOW
Re`ën*dow" (-dou"), v. t.

Defn: To endow again.

REENFORCE
Re`ën*force" (-frs") v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + enforce: cf. F.
renforcer.]

Defn: To strengthen with new force, assistance, material, or support;
as, to reënforce an argument; to reënforce a garment; especially, to
strengthen with additional troops, as an army or a fort, or with
additional ships, as a fleet. [Written also reinforce.]

REENFORCE
Re`ën*force", n. Etym: [See Reënforce, v., and cf. Ranforce,
Reinforce.]

Defn: Something which reënforces or strengthens. Specifically: (a)
That part of a cannon near the breech which is thicker than the rest
of the piece, so as better to resist the force of the exploding
powder. See Illust. of Cannon. (b) An additional thickness of canvas,
cloth, or the like, around an eyelet, buttonhole, etc.

REENFORCED CONCRETE
Reënforced concrete.

Defn: Concrete having within its mass a system of strengthening iron
or steel supports. = Ferro-concrete.

REENFORCEMENT
Re`ën*force"ment (r`n*frs"ment), n.

1. The act of reënforcing, or the state of being reënforced.

2. That which reënforces; additional force; especially, additional
troops or force to augment the strength of any army, or ships to
strengthen a navy or fleet.

REENGAGE
Re`ën*gage" (-gj), v. t. & i.

Defn: To engage a second time or again.

REENGAGEMENT
Re`ën*gage"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: A renewed or repeated engagement.

REENGRAVE
Re`ën*grave" (-grv"), v. t.

Defn: To engrave anew.

REENJOY
Re`ën*joy" (-joi"), v. i.

Defn: To enjoi anew. Pope.

REENJOYMENT
Re`ën*joy"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: Renewed enjoiment.

REENKINDLE
Re`ën*kin"dle (-kn"d'l), v. t.

Defn: To enkindle again.

REENLIST
Re`ën*list" (-lst"), v. t. & i.

Defn: To enlist again.

REENLISTMENT
Re`ën*list"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: A renewed enlistment.

REENSLAVE
Re`ën*slave" (-slv") v. t.

Defn: To enslave again.

REENTER
Re*ën"ter (r*n"tr), v. t.

1. To enter again.

2. (Engraving)

Defn: To cut deeper, as engraved lines on a plate of metal, when the
engraving has not been deep enough, or the plate has become worn in
printing.

REENTER
Re*ën"ter, v. i.

Defn: To enter anew or again. Reëntering angle, an angle of a polygon
pointing inward, as a, in the cut.
 -- Reëntering polygon, a polygon having one or more reëntering
angles.

REENTERING
Re*ën"ter*ing, n. (Calico Printing.)

Defn: The process of applying additional colors, by applications of
printing blocks, to patterns already partly colored.

REENTHRONE
Re`ën*throne" (-thrn"), v. t.

Defn: To enthrone again; to replace on a throne.

REENTHRONEMENT
Re`ën*throne"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: A second enthroning.

REENTRANCE
Re*ën"trance (r*n"trans), n.

Defn: The act entereing again; re Hooker.

REENTRANT
Re*ën"trant (-trant), a.

Defn: Reëntering; pointing or directed inwardds; as, a re angle.

REENTRY
Re*ën"try (-tr), n.

1. A second or new entry; as, a reëntry into public life.

2. (Law)

Defn: A resuming or retaking possession of what one has lately
foregone; -- applied especially to land; the entry by a lessor upon
the premises leased, on failure of the tenant to pay rent or perform
the covenants in the lease. Burrill. Card of reëtry, (Whist), a card
that by winning a trick will bring one the lead at an advanced period
of the hand.

REERECT
Re`ë*rect" (r`*rkt"), v. t.

Defn: To erect again.

REERMOUSE
Reer"mouse` (rr"mous`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Rearmouse.

REESTABLISH
Re`ës*tab"lish (r`s*tb"lsh), v. t.

Defn: To establish anew; to fix or confirm again; to restore; as, to
reëstablish a covenant; to reëstablish health.

REESTABLISHER
Re`ës*tab"lish*er (-r), n.

Defn: One who establishes again.

REESTABLISHMENT
Re`ës*tab"lish*ment (-mnt), n.

Defn: The act reëstablishing; the state of being reëstablished.
Addison.

REESTATE
Re`ës*tate" (-tt), v. t.

Defn: To reëstablish. [Obs.] Walis.

REEVE
Reeve (rv), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The female of the ruff.

REEVE
Reeve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rove (rv); p. pr. & vb. n. Reeving.] Etym:
[Cf. D. reven. See Reef, n. & v. t.] (Naut.)

Defn: To pass, as the end of a pope, through any hole in a block,
thimble, cleat, ringbolt, cringle, or the like.

REEVE
Reeve, n. Etym: [OE. reve, AS. ger. Cf. Sheriff.]

Defn: an officer, steward, bailiff, or governor; -- used chiefly in
compounds; as, shirereeve, now written sheriff; portreeve, etc.
Chaucer. Piers Plowman.

REEXAMINABLE
Re`ëx*am"i*na*ble (r`gz*m"*n*b'l), a.

Defn: Admitting of being reëxamined or reconsidered. Story.

REEXAMINATION
Re`ëx*am`i*na"tion (-*n"shn), n.

Defn: A repeated examination. See under Examination.

REEXAMINE
Re`ëx*am"ine (--n), v. t.

Defn: To examine anew. Hooker.

REEXCHANGE
Re`ëx*change" (r`ks*chnj"), v. t.

Defn: To exchange anew; to reverse (a previous exchange).

REEXCHANGE
Re`ëx*change" n.

1. A renewed exchange; a reversal of an exchange.

2. (Com.)

Defn: The expense chargeable on a bill of exchange or draft which has
been dishonored in a foreign country, and returned to the country in
which it was made or indorsed, and then taken up. Bouvier.
The rate of reëxchange is regulated with respect to the drawer, at
the course of exchange between the place where the bill of exchange
was payable, and the place where it was drawn. Reëxchange can not be
cumulated. Walsh.

REEXHIBIT
Re`ëx*hib"it (r`gz*b"t or -ks*hb"t) v. t.

Defn: To exhibit again.

REEXPEL
Re`ëx*pel" (r`ks*pl"), v. t.

Defn: To expel again.

REEXPERIENCE
Re`ëx*pe"ri*ence (-p`r-ens), n.

Defn: A renewed or repeated experience.

REEXPORT
Re`ëx*port" (-prt"), v. t.

Defn: To export again, as what has been imported.

REEXPORT
Re*ëx"port (r*ks"prt), n/

Defn: Any commodity reëxported; -- chiefly in the ptural.

REEXPORTATION
Re*ëx`por*ta"tion (-pr*t"shn), n.

Defn: The act of reëxporting, or of exporting an import. A. Smith.

REEXPULSION
Re`ëx*pul"sion (r`ks*pl"shn), n.

Defn: Renewed or repeated expulsion. Fuller.

REEXPULSION
Re`ëx*pul"sion (r`ks*pl"shn), n.

Defn: Renewed or repeated expulsion. Fuller.

REEZED
Reezed (rzd), a.

Defn: Grown rank; rancid; rusty. [Obs.] "Reezed bacon." Marston.

REFACTION
Re*fac"tion (r*fk"shn), n. Etym: [See Refection.]

Defn: Recompense; atonemet; retribution. [Obs.] Howell.

REFAIT
Re*fait", n. [F.] (Card Playing)

Defn: A drawn game; specif. (Trente et quarante),

Defn: a state of the game in which the aggregate pip value of cards
dealt to red equals that of those dealt to black. All bets are then
off; unless the value is 31, in which case the banker wins half the
stakes.

REFAR
Re*far" (r*fr"), v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. refaire to do over again.]

Defn: To go over again; to repeat. [Obs.]
To him therefore this wonder done refar. Fairfax.

REFASHION
Re*fash"ion (r*fsh"n), v. t.

Defn: To fashion anew; to form or mold into shape a second time.
MacKnight.

REFASHIONMENT
Re*fash"ion*ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act of refashioning, or the state of being refashioned.
[R.] Leigh Hunt.

REFASTEN
Re*fas"ten (r*fs"'n), v. t.

Defn: To fasten again.

REFECT
Re*fect" (r*fkt), v. t. Etym: [L. refectus, p. p. of reficere; pref.
re- re- + facere to make.]

Defn: To restore after hunger or fatique; to refresh. [Archaic] Sir
T. Browne.

REFECTION
Re*fec"tion (r*fk"shn), n. Etym: [L. refectio: cf. F. réfection. See
Refect, Fact.]

Defn: Refreshment after hunger or fatique; a repast; a lunch.
[His] feeble spirit inly felt refection. Spenser.
Those Attic nights, and those refections of the gods. Curran.

REFECTIVE
Re*fec"tive (r*fk"tv), a.

Defn: Refreshing; restoring.

REFECTIVE
Re*fec"tive, n.

Defn: That which refreshes.

REFECTORY
Re*fec"to*ry (-t*r), n.; pl.; Refectories (-r. Etym: [LL.
refectorium: cf. F. réfectoire. See Refection.]

Defn: A room for refreshment; originally, a dining hall in
monasteries or convents.

Note: Sometimes pronounced r, especially when signifying the eating
room in monasteries.

REFEL
Re*fel" (r*fl"), v. t. Etym: [L. refellere; pref. re- re- + fallere
to deceive.]

Defn: To refute; to disprove; as, to refel the tricks of a sophister.
[Obs.]
How he refelled me, and how I replied. Shak.

REFER
Re*fer" (r*fr"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Referred (-frd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Referring.] Etym: [F. référer, L. referre; pref. re- re- + ferre to
bear. See Bear to carry.]

1. To carry or send back. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Hence: To send or direct away; to send or direct elsewhere, as for
treatment, aid, infirmation, decision, etc.; to make over, or pass
over, to another; as, to refer a student to an author; to refer a
beggar to an officer; to refer a bill to a committee; a court refers
a matter of fact to a commissioner for investigation, or refers a
question of law to a superior tribunal.

3. To place in or under by a mental or rational process; to assign
to, as a class, a cause, source, a motive, reason, or ground of
explanation; as, he referred the phenomena to electrical
disturbances. To refer one's self, to have recourse; to betake one's
self; to make application; to appeal. [Obs.]
I'll refer me to all things sense. Shak.

REFER
Re*fer", v. i.

1. To have recourse; to apply; to appeal; to betake one's self; as,
to refer to a dictionary.
In suits . . . it is to refer to some friend of trust. Bacon.

2. To have relation or reference; to relate; to point; as, the figure
refers to a footnote.
Of those places that refer to the shutting and opening the abyss, I
take notice of that in Job. Bp. Burnet.

3. To carry the mind or throught; to direct attention; as, the
preacher referrd to the late election.

4. To direct inquiry for information or a quarantes of any kind, as
in respect to one's integrity, capacity, pecuniary ability, and the
like; as, I referred to his employer for the truth of his story.

Syn.
 -- To allude; advert; suggest; appeal. Refer, Allude, Advert. We
refer to a thing by specifically and distinctly introducing it into
our discourse. We allude to it by introducing it indirectly or
indefinitely, as by something collaterally allied to it. We advert to
it by turning off somewhat abruptly to consider it more at large.
Thus, Macaulay refers to the early condition of England at the
opening of his history; he alludes to these statements from time to
time; and adverts, in the progress of his work, to various
circumstances of pecullar interest, on which for a time he dwells.
"But to do good is . . . that that Solomon chiefly refers to in the
text." Sharp. "This, I doubt not, was that artificial structure here
alluded to." T. Burnet.
Now to the universal whole advert: The earth regard as of that whole
a part. Blackmore.

REFERABLE
Ref"er*a*ble (rf"r**b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being referred, or considered in relation to
something else; assignable; ascribable. [Written also referrible.]
It is a question among philosophers, whether all the attractions
which obtain between bodies are referable to one general cause. W.
Nicholson.

REFEREE
Ref`er*ee" (-, n.

Defn: One to whom a thing is referred; a person to whom a matter in
dispute has been referred, in order that he may settle it.

Syn.
 -- Judge; arbitrator; umpire. See Judge.

REFERENCE
Ref"er*ence (rf"r-ens), n. Etym: [See Refer.]

1. The act of referring, or the state of being referred; as,
reference to a chart for quidance.

2. That which refers to something; a specific direction of the
attention; as, a reference in a text-book.

3. Relation; regard; respect.
Something that hath a reference to my state. Shak.

4. One who, or that which, is referred to. Specifically;
(a) One of whom inquires can be made as to the integrity, capacity,
and the like, of another.
(b) A work, or a passage in a work, to which one is referred.

5. (Law)
(a) The act of submitting a matter in dispute to the judgment of one
or more persons for decision. (b) (Equity)

Defn: The process of sending any matter, for inquiry in a cause, to a
master or other officer, in order that he may ascertain facts and
report to the court.

6. Appeal. [R.] "Make your full reference." Shak. Reference Bible, a
Bible in which brief explanations, and references to parallel
passages, are printed in the margin of the text.

REFERENDARY
Ref`er*en"da*ry (rf`r*n"d*r), n. Etym: [LL. referendarius, fr. L.
referendus to be referred, gerundive of referre: cf. F. référendaire.
See Refer.]

1. One to whose decision a cause is referred; a referee. [Obs.]
Bacon.

2. An officer who delivered the royal answer to petitions.
"Referendaries, or masters of request." Harmar.

3. Formerly, an officer of state charged with the duty of procuring
and dispatching diplomas and decrees.

REFERENDUM
Ref`er*en"dum (rf`r*n"dm), n. Etym: [Gerundive fr. L. referre. See
Refer.]

1. A diplomatic agent's note asking for instructions from his
government concerning a particular matter or point.

2. The right to approve or reject by popular vote a meassure passed
upon by a legislature.

REFERENTIAL
Ref`er*en"tial (-shal), a.

Defn: Containing a reference; pointing to something out of itself;
as, notes for referential use.
 -- Ref`er*en"tial*ly, adv.

REFERMENT
Re*fer"ment (r*fr"ment), n.

Defn: The act of referring; reference. Laud.

REFERMENT
Re`*fer*ment" (r, v. t. & i.

Defn: To ferment, or cause to ferment, again. Blackmore.

RE-FERMENT
Re`-fer*ment" (r`fr*mnt"), v. t. & i.

Defn: To ferment, or cause to ferment, again. Blackmore.

REFERRER
Re*fer"rer (r*fr"rr), n.

Defn: One who refers.

REFERRIBLE
Re*fer"ri*ble (-r*b'l), a.

Defn: Referable. Hallam.

REFIGURE
Re*fig"ure (r*fg"r), v. t.

Defn: To figure again. Shak.

REFILL
Re*fill" (r*fl"), v. t. & i.

Defn: To fill, or become full, again.

REFIND
Re*find" (r*fnd), v. t.

Defn: To find again; to get or experience again. Sandys.

REFINE
Re*fine" (r*fn"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refined (-find"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Refining.] Etym: [Pref. re- + fine to make fine: cf. F. raffiner.]

1. To reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; to free from
impurities; to free from dross or alloy; to separate from extraneous
matter; to purify; to defecate; as, to refine gold or silver; to
refine iron; to refine wine or sugar.
I will bring the third part through the fire, and will refine them as
silver is refined. Zech. xiii. 9.

2. To purify from what is gross, coarse, vulgar, inelegant, low, and
the like; to make elegant or exellent; to polish; as, to refine the
manners, the language, the style, the taste, the intellect, or the
moral feelings.
Love refines The thoughts, and heart enlarges. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To purify; clarify; polish; ennoble.

REFINE
Re*fine", v. i.

1. To become pure; to be cleared of feculent matter.
So the pure, limpid stream, when foul with stains, Works itself
clear, and, as it runs, refines. Addison.

2. To improve in accuracy, delicacy, or excellence.
Chaucer refined on Boccace, and mended his stories. Dryden.
But let a lord once own the happy lines, How the wit brightens! How
the style refines! Pope.

3. To affect nicety or subtilty in thought or language. "He makes
another paragraph about our refining in controversy." Atterbury.

REFINED
Re*fined" (-fnd"), a.

Defn: Freed from impurities or alloy; purifed; polished; cultured;
delicate; as; refined gold; refined language; refined sentiments.
Refined wits who honored poesy with their pens. Peacham.
-- Re*fin"ed*ly (r, adv.
 -- Re*fin"ed*ness, n.

REFINEMENT
Re*fine"ment (r*fn"ment), n. Etym: [Cf. F. raffinement.]

1. The act of refining, or the state of being refined; as, the
refinement or metals; refinement of ideas.
The more bodies are of kin to spirit in subtilty and refinement, the
more diffusive are they. Norris.
From the civil war to this time, I doubt whether the corruptions in
our language have not equaled its refinements. Swift.

2. That which is refined, elaborated, or polished to excess; an
affected subtilty; as, refinements of logic. "The refinements of
irregular cunning." Rogers.

Syn.
 -- Purification; polish; politeness; gentility; elegance;
cultivation; civilization.

REFINER
Re*fin"er (-fn"r), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, refines.

REFINERY
Re*fin"er*y (-), n.; pl. Refineries (-. Etym: [Cf. F. raffinerie.]

1. The building and apparatus for refining or purifying, esp. metals
and sugar.

2. A furnace in which cast iron is refined by the action of a blast
on the molten metal.

REFIT
Re*fit" (r*ft"), v. t.

1. To fit or prepare for use again; to repair; to restore after
damage or decay; as, to refit a garment; to refit ships of war.
Macaulay.

2. To fit out or supply a second time.

REFIT
Re*fit", v. i.

Defn: To obtain repairs or supplies; as, the fleet returned to refit.

REFITMENT
Re*fit"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act of refitting, or the state of being refitted.

REFIX
Re*fix" (r*fks"), v. t.

Defn: To fix again or anew; to establish anew. Fuller.

REFLAME
Re*flame" (r*flm"), v. i.

Defn: To kindle again into flame.

REFLECT
Re*flect" (r*flkt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reflected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reflecting.] Etym: [L. reflectere, reflexum; pref. re- re- + flectere
to bend or turn. See Flexible, and cf. Reflex, v.]

1. To bend back; to give a backwaas, a mirror reflects rays of light;
polished metals reflect heat.
Let me mind the reader to reflect his eye on our quotations. Fuller.
Bodies close together reflect their own color. Dryden.

2. To give back an image or likeness of; to mirror.
Nature is the glass reflecting God, As by the sea reflected is the
sun. Young.

REFLECT
Re*flect" v. i.

1. To throw back light, heat, or the like; to return rays or beams.

2. To be sent back; to rebound as from a surface; to revert; to
return.
Whose virtues will, I hope, Reflect on Rome, as Titan's rays on
earth. Shak.

3. To throw or turn back the thoughts upon anything; to contemplate.
Specifically: To attend earnestly to what passes within the mind; to
attend to the facts or phenomena of consciousness; to use attention
or earnest thought; to meditate; especially, to think in relation to
moral truth or rules.
We can not be said to reflect upon any external object, except so far
as that object has been previously perceived, and its image become
part and parcel of our intellectual furniture. Sir W. Hamilton.
All men are concious of the operations of their own minds, at all
times, while they are awake, but there few who reflect upon them, or
make them objects of thought. Reid.
As I much reflected, much I mourned. Prior.

4. To cast reproach; to cause censure or dishonor.
Errors of wives reflect on husbands still. Dryden.
Neither do I reflect in the least upon the memory of his late
majesty. Swift.

Syn.
 -- To consider; think; cogitate; mediate; contemplate; ponder; muse;
ruminate.

REFLECTED
Re*flect"ed, a.

1. Thrown back after striking a surface; as, reflected light, heat,
sound, etc.

2. Hence: Not one's own; received from another; as, his glory was
reflected glory.

3. Bent backward or outward; reflexed.

REFLECTENT
Re*flect"ent (r*flkt"ent), a. Etym: [L. reflectens, p. pr. of
reflectere. See Reflect.]

1. Bending or flying back; reflected. "The ray descendent, and the
ray reflectent flying with so great a speed." Sir K. Digby.

2. Reflecting; as, a reflectent body. Sir K. Digby.

REFLECTIBLE
Re*flect"i*ble (-*b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being reflected, or thrown back; reflexible.

REFLECTING
Re*flect"ing, a.

1. Throwing back light, heat, etc., as a mirror or other surface.

2. Given to reflection or serious consideration; reflective;
contemplative; as, a reflecting mind. Reflecting circle, an
astronomical instrument for measuring angless, like the sextant or
Hadley's quadrant, by the reflection of light from two plane mirrors
which it carries, and differing from the sextant chiefly in having an
entire circle.
 -- Reflecting galvanometer, a galvanometer in which the deflections
of the needle are read by means of a mirror attached to it, which
reflects a ray of light or the image of a scale; -- called also
mirror galvanometer.
 -- Reflecting goniometer. See under Goniometer.
 -- Reflecting telescope. See under Telescope.

REFLECTINGLY
Re*flect"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With reflection; also, with censure; reproachfully. Swift.

REFLECTION
Re*flec"tion (r*flk"shn), n. Etym: [L. reflexio: cf. F. réflexion.
See Riflect.] [Written also reflexion.]

1. The act of reflecting, or turning or sending back, or the state of
being reflected. Specifically:
(a) The return of rays, beams, sound, or the like, from a surface.
See Angle of reflection, below.
The eye sees not itself, But by reflection, by some other things.
Shak.

(b) The reverting of the mind to that which has already occupied it;
continued consideration; meditation; contemplation; hence, also, that
operation or power of the mind by which it is conscious of its own
acts or states; the capacity for judging rationally, especially in
view of a moral rule or standard.
By reflection, . . . I would be understood to mean, that notice which
the mind takes of its own operations, and the manner of them, by
reason whereof there come to be ideas of these operations in the
understanding. Locke.
This delight grows and improves under thought and reflection. South.

2. Shining; brightness, as of the sun. [Obs.] Shak.

3. That which is produced by reflection. Specifically:
(a) An image given back from a reflecting surface; a reflected
counterpart.
As the sun water we can bear, Yet not the sun, but his reflection,
there. Dryden.

(b) A part reflected, or turned back, at an angle; as, the reflection
of a membrane.
(c) Result of meditation; thought or opinion after attentive
consideration or contemplation; especially, thoughts suggested by
truth.
Job's reflections on his once flourishing estate did at the same time
afflict and encourage him. Atterbury.

4. Censure; reproach cast.
He died; and oh! may no reflection shed Its poisonous venom on the
royal dead. Prior.

5. (Physiol.)

Defn: The transference of an excitement from one nerve fiber to
another by means of the nerve cells, as in reflex action. See Reflex
action, under Reflex. Angle of reflection, the angle which anything,
as a ray of light, on leaving a reflecting surface, makes with the
perpendicular to the surface.
 -- Angle of total reflection. (Opt.) Same as Critical angle, under
Critical.

Syn.
 -- Meditation; contemplation; rumination; cogitation; consideration;
musing; thinking.

REFLECTIVE
Re*flect"ive (r*flkt"v), a. Etym: [Cf. F. réflectif. Cf. Reflexive.]

1. Throwing back images; as, a reflective mirror.
In the reflective stream the sighing bride, viewing her charms.
Prior.

2. Capable of exercising thought or judgment; as, reflective reason.
Prior.
His perceptive and reflective faculties . . . thus acquired a
precocious and extraordinary development. Motley.

3. Addicted to introspective or meditative habits; as, a reflective
person.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: Reflexive; reciprocal.
 -- Re*flect"ive*ly, adv.
 -- Re*flect"ive*ness, n. "Reflectiveness of manner." J. C. Shairp.

REFLECTOR
Re*flect"or (-er), n. Etym: [Cf. F. réflecteur.]

1. One who, or that which, reflects. Boyle.

2. (Physics)
(a) Something having a polished surface for reflecting light or heat,
as a mirror, a speculum, etc.
(b) A reflecting telescope.
(c) A device for reflecting sound.

REFLET
Re*flet" (re*fle"), n. [F., reflection. See Reflect.]

Defn: Luster; special brilliancy of surface; -- used esp. in ceramics
to denote the peculiar metallic brilliancy seen in lustered pottery
such as majolica; as, silver reflet; gold reflet.

REFLEX
Re"flex (r"flks), a. Etym: [L. reflexus, p. p. of reflectere: cf. F.
réflexe. See Reflect.]

1. Directed back; attended by reflection; retroactive; introspective.
The reflex act of the soul, or the turning of the intellectual eye
inward upon its own actions. Sir M. Hale.

2. Produced in reaction, in resistance, or in return.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or produced by, stimulus or excitation
without the necessary intervention of consciousness. Reflex action
(Physiol.), any action performed involuntarily in consequence of an
impulse or impression transmitted along afferent nerves to a nerve
center, from which it is reflected to an efferent nerve, and so calls
into action certain muscles, organs, or cells.
 -- Reflex nerve (Physiol.), an excito-motory nerve. See Exito-
motory.

REFLEX
Re"flex (r"flks; formerly r*flks"), n. Etym: [L. reflexus a bending
back. See Reflect.]

1. Reflection; the light reflected from an illuminated surface to one
in shade.
Yon gray is not the morning's eye, 'Tis but the pale reflex of
Cynthia's brow. Shak.
On the depths of death there swims The reflex of a human face.
Tennyson.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: An involuntary movement produced by reflex action. Patellar
reflex. See Knee jerk, under Knee.

REFLEX
Re*flex" (r*flks"), v. t. Etym: [L. reflexus, p. p. of reflectere.
See Reflect.]

1. To reflect. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To bend back; to turn back. J. Gregory.

REFLEXED
Re*flexed" (r*flkst"), a.

Defn: Bent backward or outward.

REFLEXIBILITY
Re*flex`i*bil"i*ty (r*flks`*bl"*t), n. Etym: [Cf. F. réflexibilité.]

Defn: The quality or capability of being reflexible; as, the
reflexibility of the rays of light. Sir I. Newton.

REFLEXIBLE
Re*flex"i*ble (r*flks"*b'l), a. Etym: [CF. F. réflexible.]

Defn: Capable of being reflected, or thrown back.
The light of the sun consists of rays differently refrangible and
reflexible. Cheyne.

REFLEXION
Re*flex"ion (-flk"shn), n.

Defn: See Reflection. Chaucer.

REFLEXITY
Re*flex"i*ty (r*flks"*t), n.

Defn: The state or condition of being reflected. [R.]

REFLEXIVE
Re*flex"ive (-v), a.

1. Etym: [Cf. F. réflexif.]

Defn: Bending or turned backward; reflective; having respect to
something past.
Assurance reflexive can not be a divine faith. Hammond.

2. Implying censure. [Obs.] "What man does not resent an ugly
reflexive word" South.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: Having for its direct object a pronoun which refers to the
agent or subject as its antecedent; -- said of certain verbs; as, the
witness perjured himself; I bethought myself. Applied also to
pronouns of this class; reciprocal; reflective.
 -- Re*flex"ive*ly, adv.
 -- Re*flex"ive*ness, n.

REFLEXIVE
Re*flex"ive, adv.

Defn: In a reflex manner; reflectively.

REFLEXLY
Re*flex"ly, adv.

Defn: In a reflex manner; reflectively.

REFLOAT
Re"float (r"flt), n.

Defn: Reflux; ebb. [Obs.] Bacon.

REFLORESCENCE
Re`flo*res"cence (r`fl*rs"sens), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A blossoming anew of a plant after it has apparently ceased
blossoming for the season.

REFLOURISH
Re*flour"ish (r*flr"sh), v. t. & i.

Defn: To flourish again.

REFLOW
Re*flow" (r*fl"), v. i.

Defn: To flow back; to ebb.

REFLOWER
Re*flow"er (re*flou"er), v. i. & t.

Defn: To flower, or cause to flower, again. Sylvester.

REFLUCTUATION
Re*fluc`tu*a"tion (r*flk`t*"shn; 135), n.

Defn: A flowing back; refluence.

REFLUENCE; REFLUENCY
Ref"lu*ence, Ref"lu*en*cy, n.

Defn: The quality of being refluent; a flowing back.

REFLUENT
Ref"lu*ent (-ent), a. Etym: [L. refluens, p. pr. of refluere to flow
back; pref. re- re- + fluere to flow. See Flurent.]

Defn: Flowing back; returning; ebbing. Cowper.
And refluent through the pass of fear The battle's tide was poured.
Sir W. Scott.

REFLUEUS
Ref"lu*eus (-s), a. Etym: [L. refluus.]

Defn: Refluent. [Obs.]

REFLUX
Re"flux` (r"flks`), a.

Defn: Returning, or flowing back; reflex; as, reflux action.

REFLUX
Re"flux`, n. Etym: [F. reflux. See Refluent, Flux.]

Defn: A flowing back, as the return of a fluid; ebb; reaction; as,
the flux and reflux of the tides.
All from me Shall with a fierce reflux on me redound. Milton.

REFOCILLATE
Re*foc"il*late (r*fs"l*lt), v. t. Etym: [L. refocillatus, p. p. of
refocillare; pref. re- re- + focillare to revive by warmth.]

Defn: To refresh; to revive. [Obs.] Aubrey.

REFOCILLATION
Re*foc`il*la"tion (-l"shn), n.

Defn: Restoration of strength by refreshment. [Obs.] Middleton.

REFOLD
Re*fold" (r*fld"), v. t.

Defn: To fold again.

REFOMENT
Re`fo*ment" (r`f*mnt"), v. t.

Defn: To foment anew.

REFOREST
Re*for"est, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Reforested; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reforesting.]

Defn: To replant with trees; to reafforest; to reforestize.

REFORESTIZATION
Re*for`est*i*za`tion (r*fr`st**z"shn), n.

Defn: The act or process of reforestizing.

REFORESTIZE
Re*for"est*ize (r*fr"st*z), v. t.

Defn: To convert again into a forest; to plant again with trees.

REFORGE
Re*forge" (r*frj"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + forge: cf. F. reforger.]

Defn: To forge again or anew; hence, to fashion or fabricate anew; to
make over. Udall.

REFORGER
Re*for"ger (r*fr"jr), n.

Defn: One who reforges.

REFORM
Re*form" (r*frm"), v. t. Etym: [F. réformer, L. reformare; pref. re-
re- + formare to form, from forma form. See Form.]

Defn: To put into a new and improved form or condition; to restore to
a former good state, or bring from bad to good; to change from worse
to better; to amend; to correct; as, to reform a profligate man; to
reform corrupt manners or morals.
The example alone of a vicious prince will corrupt an age; but that
of a good one will not reform it. Swift.

Syn.
 -- To amend; correct; emend; rectify; mend; repair; better; improve;
restore; reclaim.

REFORM
Re*form", v. i.

Defn: To return to a good state; to amend or correct one's own
character or habits; as, a man of settled habits of vice will seldom
reform.

REFORM
Re*form", n. Etym: [F. réforme.]

Defn: Amendment of what is defective, vicious, corrupt, or depraved;
reformation; as, reform of elections; reform of government. Civil
service reform. See under Civil.
 -- Reform acts (Eng. Politics), acts of Parliament passed in 1832,
1867, 1884, 1885, extending and equalizing popular representation in
Parliament.
 -- Reform school, a school established by a state or city
government, for the confinement, instruction, and reformation of
juvenile offenders, and of young persons of idle, vicious, and
vagrant habits. [U. S.]

Syn.
 -- Reformation; amendment; rectification; correction. See
Reformation.

RE-FORM
Re-form" (r*frm"), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Re-formed (-frmd"); p.
pr. & vb. n. Re-forming.]

Defn: To give a new form to; to form anew; to take form again, or to
take a new form; as, to re-form the line after a charge.

REFORMABLE
Re*form"a*ble (r*frm"*b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being reformed. Foxe.

REFORMADE
Ref`or*made" (rf`r*md"), n.

Defn: A reformado. [Obs.]

REFORMADO
Ref`or*ma"do (-m"d), n. Etym: [Sp., fr. reformar, L. reformare. SEe
Reform, v. t.]

1. A monk of a reformed order. [Obs.] Weever.

2. An officer who, in disgrace, is deprived of his command, but
retains his rank, and sometimes his pay. [Obs.]

REFORMALIZE
Re*form"al*ize (r*frm"al*z), v. i.

Defn: To affect reformation; to pretend to correctness. [R.]

REFORMATION
Ref`or*ma"tion (rf`r*m"shn), n. Etym: [F. réformation, L.
reformatio.]

1. The act of reforming, or the state of being reformed; change from
worse to better; correction or amendment of life, manners, or of
anything vicious or corrupt; as, the reformation of manners;
reformation of the age; reformation of abuses.
Satire lashes vice into reformation. Dryden.

2. Specifically (Eccl. Hist.), the important religious movement
commenced by Luther early in the sixteenth century, which resulted in
the formation of the various Protestant churches.

Syn.
 -- Reform; amendment; correction; rectification.
 -- Reformation, Reform. Reformation is a more thorough and
comprehensive change than reform. It is applied to subjects that are
more important, and results in changes which are more lasting. A
reformation involves, and is followed by, many particular reforms.
"The pagan converts mention this great reformation of those who had
been the greatest sinners, with that sudden and surprising change
which the Christian religion made in the lives of the most
profligate." Addison. "A variety of schemes, founded in visionary and
impracticable ideas of reform, were suddenly produced." Pitt.

RE-FORMATION
Re`-for*ma"tion (r`fr*m"shn), n.

Defn: The act of forming anew; a second forming in order; as, the
reformation of a column of troops into a hollow square.

REFORMATIVE
Re*form"a*tive (r*frm"*tv), a.

Defn: Forming again; having the quality of renewing form;
reformatory. Good.

REFORMATORY
Re*form"a*to*ry (-t*r), a.

Defn: Tending to produce reformation; reformative.

REFORMATORY
Re*form"a*to*ry, n.; pl. -ries (-r.

Defn: An institution for promoting the reformation of offenders.
Magistrates may send juvenile offenders to reformatories instead of
to prisons. Eng. Cyc.

REFORMED
Re*formed" (r*frmd"), a.

1. Corrected; amended; restored to purity or excellence; said,
specifically, of the whole body of Protestant churches originating in
the Reformation. Also, in a more restricted sense, of those who
separated from Luther on the doctrine of consubstantiation, etc., and
carried the Reformation, as they claimed, to a higher point. The
Protestant churches founded by them in Switzerland, France, Holland,
and part of Germany, were called the Reformed churches.
The town was one of the strongholds of the Reformed faith. Macaulay.

2. Amended in character and life; as, a reformed gambler or drunkard.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: Retained in service on half or full pay after the disbandment
of the company or troop; -- said of an officer. [Eng.]

REFORMER
Re*form"er (r*frm"r), n.

1. One who effects a reformation or amendment; one who labors for, or
urges, reform; as, a reformer of manners, or of abuses.

2. (Eccl.Hist.)

Defn: One of those who commenced the reformation of religion in the
sixteenth century, as Luther, Melanchthon, Zwingli, and Calvin.

REFORMIST
Re*form"ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. réformiste.]

Defn: A reformer.

REFORMLY
Re*form"ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a reform; for the purpose of reform. [Obs.]
Milton.

REFORTIFICATION
Re*for`ti*fi*ca"tion (r*fr`t*f*k"shn), n.

Defn: A fortifying anew, or a second time. Mitford.

REFORTIFY
Re*for"ti*fy (r*fr"t*f), v. t.

Defn: To fortify anew.

REFOSSION
Re*fos"sion (r*fsh"n), n. Etym: [L. refodere, refossum, to dig up
again. See Fosse.]

Defn: The act of digging up again. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

REFOUND
Re*found" (r*found"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + found to cast; cf. F.
refondare. Cf. Refund.]

1. To found or cast anew. "Ancient bells refounded." T. Warton.

2. To found or establish again; to re

REFOUND
Re*found",

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Refind, v. t.

REFOUNDER
Re*found"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who refounds.

REFRACT
Re*fract" (r*fr$kt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refracted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Refracting.] Etym: [L. refractus, p. p. of refringere; pref. re- re-
+ frangere to break: cf. F. réfracter. SEe FRacture, and cf. Refrain,
n.]

1. To bend sharply and abruptly back; to break off.

2. To break the natural course of, as rays of light orr heat, when
passing from one transparent medium to another of different density;
to cause to deviate from a direct course by an action distinct from
reflection; as, a dense medium refrcts the rays of light as they pass
into it from a rare medium.

REFRACTABLE
Re*fract"a*ble (-*b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being refracted.

REFRACTED
Re*fract"ed, a.

1. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Bent backward angularly, as if half-broken; as, a refracted
stem or leaf.

2. Turned from a direct course by refraction; as, refracted rays of
light.

REFRACTING
Re*fract"ing, a.

Defn: Serving or tending to refract; as, a refracting medium.
Refracting angle of a prism (Opt.), the angle of a triangular prism
included between the two sides through which the refracted beam
passes in the decomposition of light.
 -- Refracting telescope. (Opt.) See under Telescope.

REFRACTION
Re*frac"tion (r*frk"shn), n. Etym: [F. réfraction.]

1. The act of refracting, or the state of being refracted.

2. The change in the direction of ray of light, heat, or the like,
when it enters obliquely a medium of a different density from that
through which it has previously moved.
Refraction out of the rarer medium into the denser, is made towards
the perpendicular. Sir I. Newton.

3. (Astron.)
(a) The change in the direction of a ray of light, and, consequently,
in the apparent position of a heavenly body from which it emanates,
arising from its passage through the earth's atmosphere; -- hence
distinguished as atmospheric refraction, or astronomical refraction.
(b) The correction which is to be deducted from the apparent altitude
of a heavenly body on account of atmospheric refraction, in order to
obtain the true altitude. Angle of refraction (Opt.), the angle which
a refracted ray makes with the perpendicular to the surface
separating the two media traversed by the ray.
 -- Conical refraction (Opt.), the refraction of a ray of light into
an infinite number of rays, forming a hollow cone. This occurs when a
ray of light is passed through crystals of some substances, under
certain circumstances. Conical refraction is of two kinds; external
conical refraction, in which the ray issues from the crystal in the
form of a cone, the vertex of which is at the point of emergence; and
internal conical refraction, in which the ray is changed into the
form of a cone on entering the crystal, from which it issues in the
form of a hollow cylinder. This singular phenomenon was first
discovered by Sir W. R. Hamilton by mathematical reasoning alone,
unaided by experiment.
 -- Differential refraction (Astron.), the change of the apparent
place of one object relative to a second object near it, due to
refraction; also, the correction required to be made to the observed
relative places of the two bodies.
 -- Double refraction (Opt.), the refraction of light in two
directions, which produces two distinct images. The power of double
refraction is possessed by all crystals except those of the isometric
system. A uniaxial crystal is said to be optically positive (like
quartz), or optically negative (like calcite), or to have positive,
or negative, double refraction, according as the optic axis is the
axis of least or greatest elasticity for light; a biaxial crystal is
similarly designated when the same relation holds for the acute
bisectrix.
 -- Index of refraction. See under Index.
 -- Refraction circle (Opt.), an instrument provided with a graduated
circle for the measurement of refraction.
 -- Refraction of latitude, longitude, declination, right ascension,
etc., the change in the apparent latitude, longitude, etc., of a
heavenly body, due to the effect of atmospheric refraction.
 -- Terrestrial refraction, the change in the apparent altitude of a
distant point on or near the earth's surface, as the top of a
mountain, arising from the passage of light from it to the eye
through atmospheric strata of varying density.

REFRACTIVE
Re*fract"ive (r*frkt"v), a. Etym: [Cf. F. réfractif. See Refract.]

Defn: Serving or having power to refract, or turn from a direct
course; pertaining to refraction; as, refractive surfaces; refractive
powers. Refractive index. (Opt.) See Index of refraction, under
Index.
 -- Absolute refractive index (Opt.), the index of refraction of a
substances when the ray passes into it from a vacuum.
 -- Relative refractive index (of two media) (Opt.), the ratio of the
sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction
for a ray passing out of one of the media into the other.

REFRACTIVENESS
Re*fract"ive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being refractive.

REFRACTOMETER
Re`frac*tom"e*ter (r`frk*tm"*tr), n. Etym: [Refraction + -meter.]
(Opt.)

Defn: A contrivance for exhibiting and measuring the refraction of
light.

REFRACTOR
Re*fract"or (r, n.

Defn: Anything that refracts; specifically: (Opt.)

Defn: A refracting telescope, in which the image to be viewed is
formed by the refraction of light in passing through a convex lens.

REFRACTORILY
Re*frac"to*ri*ly (r*frk"t*r*l), adv.

Defn: In a refractory manner; perversely; obstinately.

REFRACTORINESS
Re*frac"to*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being refractory.

REFRACTORY
Re*frac"to*ry (-r), a. Etym: [L. refractorius, fr. refringere: cf. F.
refractaire. See Refract.]

1. Obstinate in disobedience; contumacious; stubborn; unmanageable;
as, a refractory child; a refractory beast.
Raging appetites that are Most disobedient and refractory. Shak.

2. Resisting ordinary treatment; difficult of fusion, reduction, or
the like; -- said especially of metals and the like, which do not
readily yield to heat, or to the hammer; as, a refractory ore.

Syn.
 -- Perverse; contumacious; unruly; stubborn; obstinate; unyielding;
ungovernable; unmanageable.

REFRACTORY
Re*frac"to*ry, n.

1. A refractory person. Bp. Hall.

2. Refractoriness. [Obs.] Jer. TAylor.

3. OPottery) A piece of ware covered with a vaporable flux and placed
in a kiln, to communicate a glaze to the other articles. Knight.

REFRACTURE
Re*frac"ture (r*frk"tr;135), n. (Surg.)

Defn: A second breaking (as of a badly set bone) by the surgeon.

REFRACTURE
Re*frac"ture, v. t. (Surg.)

Defn: To break again, as a bone.

REFRAGABLE
Ref"ra*ga*ble (rf"r*g*b'l), a. Etym: [LL. refragabilis, fr. L.
refragari to oppose.]

Defn: Capable of being refuted; refutable. [R.] --
Ref"ra*ga*ble*ness, n. [R.] -- Ref`*ra*ga*bil"i*ty (-b, n. [R.]

REFRAGATE
Ref"ra*gate (-gt), v. i. Etym: [L. refragatus, p. p. of refragor.]

Defn: To oppose. [R.] Glanvill.

REFRAIN
Re*frain" (r*frn"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refrained (-frnd"); p. pr. &
vb/ n. Refraining.] Etym: [OE. refreinen, OF. refrener, F. refr, fr.
L. refrenare; influenced by OF. refraindre to restrain, moderate, fr.
LL. refrangere, for L. refringere to break up, break (see Refract).
L. refrenare is fr. pref. re- back + frenum bridle; cf. Skr. dh to
hold.]

1. To hold back; to restrain; to keep within prescribed bounds; to
curb; to govern.
His reson refraineth not his foul delight or talent. Chaucer.
Refrain thy foot from their path. Prov. i. 15.

2. To abstain from [Obs.]
Who, requiring a remedy for his gout, received no other counsel than
to refrain cold drink. Sir T. Browne.

REFRAIN
Re*frain", v. i.

Defn: To keep one's self from action or interference; to hold aloof;
to forbear; to abstain.
Refrain from these men, and let them alone. Acts v. 38.
They refrained therefrom [eating flesh] some time after. Sir T.
Browne.

Syn.
 -- To hold back; forbear; abstain; withhold.

REFRAIN
Re*frain", n. Etym: [F. refrain, fr. OF. refraindre; cf. Pr. refranhs
a refrain, refranher to repeat. See Refract,Refrain, v.]

Defn: The burden of a song; a phrase or verse which recurs at the end
of each of the separate stanzas or divisions of a poetic composition.
We hear the wild refrain. Whittier.

REFRAINER
Re*frain"er (r*frn"r), n.

Defn: One who refrains.

REFRAINMENT
Re*frain"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: Act of refraining. [R.]

REFRAME
Re*frame" (r*frm), v. t.

Defn: To frame again or anew.

REFRANGIBILITY
Re*fran`gi*bil"i*ty (r*frn`j*bl"*t), n. Etym: [Cf. F.
réfrangibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being refrangible.

REFRANGIBLE
Re*fran"gi*ble (-frn"j*b'l), a. Etym: [Cf. F. réfrangible. See
Refract.]

Defn: Capable of being refracted, or turned out of a direct course,
in passing from one medium to another, as rays of light.
 -- Re*fran"gi*ble*ness, n.

REFRENATION
Ref`re*na"tion (rf`r*n"shn), n. Etym: [L. refrenatio. See Refrain, v.
t.]

Defn: The act of refraining. [Obs.]

REFRESH
Re*fresh" (r*frsh"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refreshed (-frsht"); p. pr.
& vb. n. Refreshing.] Etym: [OE. refreshen, refreschen, OF.
refreschir (cf. OF. rafraischir, rafreschir, F. rafra); pref. re- re-
+ fres fresh. F. frais. See Fresh, a.]

1. To make fresh again; to restore strength, spirit, animation, or
the like, to; to relieve from fatigue or depression; to reinvigorate;
to enliven anew; to reanimate; as, sleep refreshes the body and the
mind. Chaucer.
Foer they have refreshed my spirit and yours. 1 Cor. xvi. 18.
And labor shall refresh itself with hope. Shak.

2. To make as if new; to repair; to restore.
The rest refresh the scaly snakes that folDryden.
To refresh the memory, to quicken or strengthen it, as by a
reference, review, memorandum, or suggestion.

Syn.
 -- To cool; refrigerate; invigorate; revive; reanimate; renovate;
renew; restore; recreate; enliven; cheer.

REFRESH
Re*fresh", n.

Defn: The act of refreshing. [Obs.] Daniel.

REFRESHER
Re*fresh"er (-r), n.

1. One who, or that which, refreshes.

2. (Law)

Defn: An extra fee paid to counsel in a case that has been adjourned
from one term to another, or that is unusually protracted.
Ten guineas a day is the highest refresher which a counsel can
charge. London Truth.

REFRESHFUL
Re*fresh"ful (-fl), a.

Defn: Full of power to refresh; refreshing.
 -- Re*fresh"ful*ly, adv.

REFRESHING
Re*fresh"ing, a.

Defn: Reviving; reanimating.
 -- Re*fresh"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Re*fresh"ing*ness, n.

REFRESHMENT
Re*fresh"ment (-ment), n. Etym: [CF. OF. refreschissement, F.
rafraîchissement.]

1. The act of refreshing, or the state of being refreshed;
restoration of strength, spirit, vigor, or liveliness; relief after
suffering; new life or animation after depression.

2. That which refreshes; means of restoration or reanimation;
especially, an article of food or drink.

REFRET
Re*fret" (r*frt"), n. Etym: [OF. refret, L. refractus, p. p. See
Refrain, n., Refract.]

Defn: Refrain. [Obs.] Bailey.

REFREYD
Re*freyd" (r*frd"), v. t. Etym: [OF. refreidier.]

Defn: To chill; to cool. [Obs.]
Refreyded by sickness . . . or by cold drinks. Chaucer.

REFRICATION
Ref`ri*ca"tion (rf`r*k"shn), n. Etym: [L. refricare to rub again.]

Defn: A rubbing up afresh; a brightening. [Obs.]
A continual refrication of the memory. Bp. Hall.

REFRIGERANT
Re*frig"er*ant (r*frj"r-ant), a. Etym: [L. refrigerans, p. pr. of
refrigerare: cf. F. réfrigérant. See Refrigerate.]

Defn: Cooling; allaying heat or fever. Bacon.

REFRIGERANT
Re*frig"er*ant, n.

Defn: That which makes to be cool or cold; specifically, a medicine
or an application for allaying fever, or the symptoms of fever; --
used also figuratively. Holland. "A refrigerant to passion." Blair.

REFRIGERATE
Re*frig"er*ate (-t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refrigerated (-`td); p. pr.
& vb. n. Refrigerating.] Etym: [L. refrigeratus, p. p. cf.
refrigerare; pref. re- re- + grigerare to make cool, fr. fragus,
frigoris, coolness. See Frigid.]

Defn: To cause to become cool; to make or keep cold or cool.

REFRIGERATION
Re*frig`er*a"tion (-"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. réfrigération, L.
refrigeratio.]

Defn: The act or process of refrigerating or cooling, or the state of
being cooled.

REFRIGERATIVE
Re*frig"er*a*tive (r*frj"r**tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. réfrigératif.]

Defn: Cooling; allaying heat.
 -- n.

Defn: A refrigerant.
Crazed brains should come under a refrigerative treatment. I. Taylor.

REFRIGERATOR
Re*frig"er*a`tor (-`tr), n.

Defn: That which refrigerates or makes cold; that which keeps cool.
Specifically:
(a) A box or room for keeping food or other articles cool, usually by
means of ice.
(b) An apparatus for rapidly cooling heated liquids or vapors,
connected with a still, etc. Refrigerator car (Railroad), a freight
car constructed as a refrigerator, for the transportation of fresh
meats, fish, etc., in a temperature kept cool by ice.

REFRIGERATORY
Re*frig"er*a*to*ry (-*t*r), a. Etym: [L. refrigeratorius.]

Defn: Mitigating heat; cooling.

REFRIGERATORY
Re*frig"er*a*to*ry, n.; pl. -ries (-fr. Etym: [CF. F.
réfrigératoire.]

Defn: That which refrigerates or cools. Specifically:
(a) In distillation, a vessel filled with cold water, surrounding the
worm, the vapor in which is thereby condensed.
(b) The chamber, or tank, in which ice is formed, in an ice machine.

REFRIGERIUM
Ref`ri*ge"ri*um (rf`r*j"r*m), n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Cooling refreshment; refrigeration. [Obs.] South.

REFRINGENCY
Re*frin"gen*cy (r*frn"jen*s), n.

Defn: The power possessed by a substance to refract a ray; as,
different substances have different refringencies. Nichol.

REFRINGENT
Re*frin"gent (-jent), a. Etym: [L. refringens, p. pr. of refringere.
See Refract.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or possessing, refringency; refractive;
refracting; as, a refringent prism of spar. Nichol.

REFT
Reft (rft), imp. & p. p. of Reave.

Defn: Bereft.
Reft of thy sons, amid thy foes forlorn. Heber.

REFT
Reft, n.

Defn: A chink; a rift. See Rift. Rom. of R.

REFUGE
Ref"uge (rf"j), n. Etym: [F. réfuge, L. refugium, fr. refugere to
flee back; pref. re- + figere. SEe Fugitive.]

1. Shelter or protection from danger or distress.
Rocks, dens, and caves! But I in none of these Find place or refuge.
Milton.
We might have a strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay
hold upon the hope set before us. Heb. vi. 18.

2. That which shelters or protects from danger, or from distress or
calamity; a stronghold which protects by its strength, or a sanctuary
which secures safety by its sacredness; a place inaccessible to an
enemy.
The high hills are a refuger the wild goats. Ps. civ. 18.
The Lord also will be a refuge for the oppressed. Ps. ix. 9.

3. An expedient to secure protection or defense; a device or
contrivance.
Their latest refuge Was to send him. Shak.
Light must be supplied, among gracefulrefuges, by terracing Sir H.
Wotton.
Cities of refuge (Jewish Antiq.), certain cities appointed as places
of safe refuge for persons who had committed homicide without design.
Of these there were three on each side of Jordan. Josh. xx.
 -- House of refuge, a charitable institution for giving shelter and
protection to the homeless, destitute, or tempted.

Syn.
 -- Shelter; asylum; retreat; covert.

REFUGE
Ref"uge (rf"j), v. t.

Defn: To shelter; to protect. [Obs.]

REFUGEE
Ref`u*gee" (rf`*j"), n. Etym: [F. réfugié, fr. se réfugier to take
refuge. See Refuge, n.]

1. One who flees to a shelter, or place of safety.

2. Especially, one who, in times of persecution or political
commotion, flees to a foreign power or country for safety; as, the
French refugees who left France after the revocation of the edict of
Nantes.

REFULGENCE; REFULGENCY
Re*ful"gence, Re*ful"gen*cy, n. Etym: [L. refulgentia. See
Refulgent.]

Defn: The quality of being refulgent; brilliancy; splender; radiance.

REFULGENT
Re*ful"gent (r*fl"jent), a. Etym: [L. refulgens, p. pr. of refulgere
to flash back, to shine bright; pref. re- re- + fulgere to shine. See
Fulgent.]

Defn: Casting a bright light; radiant; brilliant; resplendent;
shining; splendid; as, refulgent beams.
 -- Re*ful"gent*ly, adv.
So conspicuous and refulgent a truth. Boyle.

REFUND
Re*fund" (r*fnd"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + fund.]

Defn: To fund again or anew; to replace (a fund or loan) by a new
fund; as, to refund a railroad loan.

REFUND
Re*fund" (r*fnd"), v. t. Etym: [L. refundere; pref. re- re- + fundere
to pour: cf. F. refondre, refonder. See Fuse to melt, and cf. Refound
to cast again, 1st Refuse.]

1. To pour back. [R. & Obs.]
Were the humors of the eye tinctured with any color, they would
refund that color upon the object. Ray.

2. To give back; to repay; to restore.
A governor, that had pillaged the people, was . . . sentenced to
refund what he had wrongfully taken. L'Estrange.

3. To supply again with funds; to reimburse. [Obs.]

REFUNDER
Re*fund"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who refunds.

REFUNDMENT
Re*fund"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act of refunding; also, that which is refunded. [R.] Lamb.

REFURBISH
Re*fur"bish (r*fr"bsh), v. t.

Defn: To furbish anew.

REFURNISH
Re*fur"nish (-nsh), v. t.

Defn: To furnish again.

REFURNISHMENT
Re*fur"nish*ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act of refurnishing, or state of being refurnished.
The refurnishment was in a style richer than before. L. Wallace.

REFUSABLE
Re*fus"a*ble (r*fz"*b'l), a. Etym: [Cf. F. refusable. See Refuse.]

Defn: Capable of being refused; admitting of refusal.

REFUSAL
Re*fus"al (-al), n.

1. The act of refusing; denial of anything demanded, solicited, or
offered for acceptance.
Do they not seek occasion of new quarrels, On my refusal, to distress
me more Milton.

2. The right of taking in preference to others; the choice of taking
or refusing; option; as, to give one the refusal of a farm; to have
the refusal of an employment.

REFUSE
Re*fuse" (r*fz"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refused (-fzd"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Refusing.] Etym: [F. refuser, either from (assumed) LL. refusare
to refuse, v. freq. of L. refundere to pour back, give back, restore
(see Refund to repay), or. fr. L. recusare to decline, refuse cf.
Accuse, Ruse), influenced by L. refutare to drive back, repel,
refute. Cf. Refute.]

1. To deny, as a request, demand, invitation, or command; to decline
to do or grant.
That never yet refused your hest. Chaucer.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To throw back, or cause to keep back (as the center, a wing, or
a flank), out of the regular aligment when troops aras, to refuse the
right wing while the left wing attacks.

3. To decline to accept; to reject; to deny the request or petition
of; as, to refuse a suitor.
The cunning workman never doth refuse The meanest tool that he may
chance to use. Herbert.

4. To disown. [Obs.] "Refuse thy name." Shak.

REFUSE
Re*fuse", v. i.

Defn: To deny compliance; not to comply.
Too proud to ask, too humble to refuse. Garth.
If ye refuse . . . ye shall be devoured with the sword. Isa. i. 20.

REFUSE
Re*fuse", n.

Defn: Refusal. [Obs.] Fairfax.

REFUSE
Ref`use (rf"s;277), n. Etym: [F. refus refusal, also, that which is
refused. See Refuse to deny.]

Defn: That which is refused or rejected as useless; waste or
worthless matter.

Syn.
 -- Dregs; sediment; scum; recrement; dross.

REFUSE
Ref"use, a.

Defn: Refused; rejected; hence; left as unworthy of acceptance; of no
value; worthless.
Everything that was vile and refuse, that they destroyed utterly. 1.
Sam. xv. 9.

REFUSER
Re*fus"er (r*fz"r), n.

Defn: One who refuses or rejects.

REFUSION
Re*fu"sion (r*f"zhn), n. Etym: [Pref. re-+ fusion.]

1. New or repeated melting, as of metals.

2. Restoration. "This doctrine of the refusion of the soul." Bp.
Warbuton.

REFUT
Ref"ut (rf"t), n. Etym: [OF. refuite.]

Defn: Refuge. "Thou haven of refut." [Obs.] Chaucer.

REFUTABILITY
Re*fut`a*bil"i*ty (r*ft`*bl"*t), n.

Defn: The quality of being refutable.

REFUTABLE
Re*fut"a*ble (r*ft"*b'l;277), a. Etym: [Cf. F. réfutable.]

Defn: Admitting of being refuted or disproved; capable of being
proved false or erroneous.

REFUTAL
Re*fut"al (r*ft"al), n.

Defn: Act of refuting; refutation.

REFUTATION
Ref`u*ta"tion (rf`*t"shn), n. Etym: [L. refutatio: cf. F.
réfutation.]

Defn: The act or process of refuting or disproving, or the state of
being refuted; proof of falsehood or error; the overthrowing of an
argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine, or theory, by argument or
countervailing proof.
Same of his blunders seem rather to deserve a flogging than a
refutation. Macaulay.

REFUTATORY
Re*fut"a*to*ry (r*ft"*t*r), a. Etym: [L. refutatorius: cf. F.
réfutatoire.]

Defn: Tending tu refute; refuting.

REFUTE
Re*fute" (r*F3t"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refuted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Refuting.] Etym: [F. réfuter, L. refuteare to repel, refute. Cf.
Confute, Refuse to deny.]

Defn: To disprove and overthrow by argument, evidence, or
countervailing proof; to prove to be false or erroneous; to confute;
as, to refute arguments; to refute testimony; to refute opinions or
theories; to refute a disputant.
There were so many witnesses in these two miracles that it is
impossible to refute such multitudes. Addison.

Syn.
 -- To confute; disprove. See Confute.

REFUTER
Re*fut"er (-ft"r), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, refutes.

REGAIN
Re*gain" (r*gn"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + gain: cf. F. regagner.]

Defn: To gain anew; to get again; to recover, as what has escaped or
been lost; to reach again.

Syn.
 -- To recover; reobtain; repossess; retrieve.

REGAL
Re"gal (r"gal), a. Etym: [L. regalis, fr. rex, regis, a king. See
Royal, and cf. Rajah, Realm, Regalia.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a king; kingly; royal; as, regal authority,
pomp, or sway. "The regal title." Shak.
He made a scorn of his regal oath. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Kingly; royal. See Kingly.

REGAL
Re"gal, n. Etym: [F. régale, It. regale. CF. Rigoll.] (Mus.)

Defn: A small portable organ, played with one hand, the bellows being
worked with the other, -- used in the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries.

REGALE
Re*ga"le (r*g"l), n. Etym: [LL. regale, pl. regalia, fr. L. regalis:
cf. F. régale. See Regal.]

Defn: A prerogative of royalty. [R.] Johnson.

REGALE
Re*gale" (r*gl), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Regaled (-gld"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Regaling.] Etym: [F. régaler, Sp. regalar to regale, to caress, to
melt, perhaps fr. L. regalare to thaw (cff. Gelatin), or cf. Sp. gala
graceful, pleasing address, choicest part of a thing (cf. Gala), or
most likely from OF. galer to rejoice, gale pleasure.]

Defn: To enertaas, to regale the taste, the eye, or the ear.

REGALE
Re*gale", v. i.

Defn: To feast; t

REGALE
Re*gale", n. Etym: [F. régal. See Regale, v. t.]

Defn: A sumptuous repast; a banquet. Johnson. Cowper.
Two baked custards were produced as additions to the regale. E. E.
Hale.

REGALEMENT
Re*gale"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act of regaling; anything which regales; refreshment;
entertainment.

REGALER
Re*gal"er (-gl"r), n.

Defn: One who regales.

REGALIA
Re*ga"li*a (r*g"l*), n. pl. Etym: [LL., from L. regalisregal. See
Regal.]

1. That which belongs to royalty. Specifically: (a) The rights and
prerogatives of a king. (b) Royal estates and revenues. (c) Ensings,
symbols, or paraphernalia of royalty.

2. Hence, decorations or insignia of an office or order, as of
Freemasons, Odd Fellows,etc.

3. Sumptuous food; delicacies. [Obs.] Cotton. Regalia of a church,
the privileges granted to it by kings; sometimes, its patrimony.
Brande & C.

REGALIA
Re*ga"li*a, n.

Defn: A kind of cigar of large size and superior quality; also, the
size in which such cigars are classed.

REGALIAN
Re*ga"li*an (-an), a.

Defn: Pertaining to regalia; pertaining to the royal insignia or
prerogatives. Hallam.

REGALISM
Re"gal*ism (r"gal*z'm), n.

Defn: The doctrine of royal prerogative or supremacy. [R.] Cardinal
Manning.

REGALITY
Re*gal"i*ty (r*gl"*t), n. Etym: [LL. regalitas, from L. regalis
regal, royal. See Regal, and cf. Royality.]

1. Royalty; ssovereignty; sovereign jurisdiction.
[Passion] robs reason of her due regalitie. Spenser.
He came partly in by the sword, and had high courage in all points of
regality. Bacon.

2. An ensign or badge of royalty. [Obs.]

REGALLY
Re"gal*ly (r"gal*l), adv.

Defn: In a regal or royal manner.

REGARD
Re*gard" (r*grd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Regarded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Regarding.] Etym: [F. regarder; pref. re- re + garder to guard, heed,
keep. See Guard, and cf. Reward.]

1. To keep in view; to behold; to look at; to view; to gaze upon.
Your niece regards me with an eye of favor. Shak.

2. Hence, to look or front toward; to face. [Obs.]
It is peninsula which regardeth the mainland. Sandys.
That exceedingly beatiful seat, on the assregarding the river.
Evelyn.

3. To look closely at; to observe attentively; to pay attention to;
to notice or remark particularly.
If much you note him, You offened him; . . . feed, and regard him
not. Shak.

4. To look upon, as in a certain relation; to hold as an popinion; to
consider; as, to regard abstinence from wine as a duty; to regard
another as a friend or enemy.

5. To consider and treat; to have a certain feeling toward; as, to
regard one with favor or dislike.
His associates seem to have regarded him with kindness. Macaulay.

6. To pay respect to; to treat as something of peculiar value,
sanctity, or the like; to care for; to esteem.
He that regardeth thae day, regardeth it into the LOrd. Rom. xiv. 6.
Here's Beaufort, that regards nor God nor king. Shak.

7. To take into consideration; to take account of, as a fact or
condition. "Nether regarding that she is my child, nor fearing me as
if II were her father." Shak.

8. To have relation to, as bearing upon; to respect; to relate to; to
touch; as, an argument does not regard the question; -- often used
impersonally; as, I agree with you as regards this or that.

Syn.
 -- To consider; observe; remark; heed; mind; respect; esteem;
estimate; value. See Attend.

REGARD
Re*gard" (r*grd"), v. i.

Defn: To look attentively; to consider; to notice. [Obs.] Shak.

REGARD
Re*gard", n. Etym: [F. regard See Regard, v. t.]

1. A look; aspect directed to another; view; gaze.
But her, with stern regard, he thus repelled. Milton.

2. Attention of the mind with a feeling of interest; observation;
heed; notice.
Full many a lady I have eyed with best regard. Shak.

3. That view of the mind which springs from perception of value,
estimable qualities, or anything that excites admiration; respect;
esteem; reverence; affection; as, to have a high regard for a person;
-- often in the plural.
He has rendered himself worthy of their most favorable regards. A.
Smith.
Save the long-sought regards of woman, nothing is sweeter than those
marks of childish preference. Hawthorne.

4. State of being regarded, whether favorably or otherwise;
estimation; repute; note; account.
A man of meanest regard amongst them, neither having wealth or power.
Spenser.

5. Consideration; thought; reflection; heed.
Sad pause and deep regard become the sage. Shak.

6. Matter for conssideration; account; condition. [Obs.] "Reason full
of good regard." Shak.

7. Respect; relation; reference.
Persuade them to pursue and persevere in virtue, with regard to
themselves; in justice and goodness with regard to their neighbors;
and piefy toward God. I. Watts.

Note: The phrase in regard of was formerly used as equivalent in
meaning to on account of, but in modern usage is often improperly
substituted for in respect to, or in regard to. G. P. Marsh.
Change was thought necessary in regard of the injury the church did
receive by a number of things then in use. Hooker.
In regard of its security, it had a great advantage over the
bandboxes. Dickens.

8. Object of sight; scene; view; aspect. [R.]
Throw out our eyes for brave Othello, Even till we make the main and
the aërial blue An indistinct regard. Shak.

9. (O.Eng.Law)

Defn: Supervision; inspection. At regard of, in consideration of; in
comparison with. [Obs.] "Bodily penance is but short and little at
regard of the pains of hell." Chaucer.
 -- Court of regard, a forest court formerly held in England every
third year for the lawing, or expeditation, of dogs, to prevent them
from running after deer; -- called also survey of dogs. Blackstone.

Syn.
 -- Respect; consideration; notice; observance; heed; care; concern;
estimation; esteem; attachment; reverence.

REGARDABLE
Re*gard"a*ble (-*b'l), a.

Defn: Worthy of regard or notice; to be regarded; observable. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.

REGARDANT
Re*gard"ant (-ant), a. Etym: [F. regardant, fr. regarder. See Regard,
v. t.] [Written also regardant.]

1. Looking behind; looking backward watchfully.
[He] turns thither his regardant eye. Southey.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Looking behind or backward; as, a lion regardant.

3. (O.Eng.Law)

Defn: Annexed to the land or manor; as, a villain regardant.

REGARDER
Re*gard"er (r*grd"r), n.

1. One who regards.

2. (Eng. Forest law)

Defn: An officer appointed to supervise the forest. Cowell.

REGARDFUL
Re*gard"ful (-fl), a.

Defn: Heedful; attentive; observant.
 -- Re*gard"ful*ly, adv.
Let a man be very tender and regardful of every pious motion made by
the Spirit of God to his heart. South.

Syn.
 -- Mindful; heedful; attentive; observant.

REGARDING
Re*gard"ing, prep.

Defn: Concerning; respecting.

REGARDLESS
Re*gard"less, a.

1. Having no regard; heedless; careless; as, regardless of life,
consequences, dignity.
Regardless of the bliss wherein he sat. Milton.

2. Not regarded; slighted. [R.] Spectator.

Syn.
 -- Heedless; negligent; careless; indifferent; unconcerned;
inattentive; unobservant; neglectful.
 -- Re*gard"less*ly, adv.
 -- Re*gard"less*ness, n.

REGATHER
Re*gath"er (r*gth"r), v. t.

Defn: To gather again.

REGATTA
Re*gat"ta (r*gt"t), n.; pl. Regattas (-t. Etym: [It. regatta,
regata.]

Defn: Originally, a gondola race in Venice; now, a rowing or sailing
race, or a series of such races.

REGEL
Re"gel (r"gl), n. (Astron.)

Defn: See Rigel.

REGELATE
Re"ge*late (r"j*lt or rj"-), v. i. (Physics)

Defn: To freeze together again; to undergo regelation, as ice.

REGELATION
Re`ge*la"tion (-l"shn), n. Etym: [Pref. re- + L. gelatio a freezing.]
(Physics)

Defn: The act or process of freezing anew, or together,as two pieces
of ice.

Note: Two pieces of ice at (or even) 32regelation. Faraday.

REGENCE
Re"gence (r"jens), n.

Defn: Rule. [Obs.] Hudibras.

REGENCY
Re"gen*cy (r*jen*s), n.; pl. Regencies (-s. Etym: [CF. F. régence,
LL. regentia. See Regent, a.]

1. The office of ruler; rule; authority; government.

2. Especially, the office, jurisdiction, or dominion of a regent or
vicarious ruler, or of a body of regents; deputed or vicarious
government. Sir W. Temple.

3. A body of men intrusted with vicarious government; as, a regency
constituted during a king's minority, absence from the kingdom, or
other disability.
A council or regency consisting of twelve persons. Lowth.

REGENERACY
Re*gen"er*a*cy (r*jn"r**s), n. Etym: [See Regenerate.]

Defn: The state of being regenerated. Hammond.

REGENERATE
Re*gen"er*ate (-t), a. Etym: [L. regeneratus, p. p. of regenerare to
regenerate; pref. re- re- + generare to beget. See Generate.]

1. Reproduced.
The earthly author of my blood, Whose youthful spirit, in me
regenerate, Doth with a twofold vigor lift me up. Shak.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: Born anew; become Christian; renovated in heart; changed from a
natural to a spiritual state.

REGENERATE
Re*gen"er*ate (r*jn"r*t), v. t.

1. To generate or produce anew; to reproduce; to give new life,
strength, or vigor to.
Through all the soil a genial fferment spreads. Regenerates the
plauts, and new adorns the meads. Blackmore.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: To cause to be spiritually born anew; to cause to become a
Christian; to convert from sin to holiness; to implant holy
affections in the heart of.

3. Hence, to make a radical change for the better in the character or
condition of; as, to regenerate society.

REGENERATENESS
Re*gen"er*ate*ness (-t*ns), n.

Defn: The quality or state of being rgenerate.

REGENERATION
Re*gen`er*a"tion (-"shn), n. Etym: [L. regeneratio: cf. F.
régéneration.]

1. The act of regenerating, or the state of being regenerated.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: The entering into a new spiritual life; the act of becoming, or
of being made, Christian; that change by which holy affectations and
purposes are substituted for the opposite motives in the heart.
He saved us by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy
Chost. Tit. iii. 5.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: The reproduction of a part which has been removed or destroyed;
re-formation; -- a process especially characteristic of a many of the
lower animals; as, the regeneration of lost feelers, limbs, and claws
by spiders and crabs.

4. (Physiol.)
(a) The reproduction or renewal of tissues, cells, etc., which have
been used up and destroyed by the ordinary processes of life; as, the
continual regeneration of the epithelial cells of the body, or the
regeneration of the contractile substance of muscle.
(b) The union of parts which have been severed, so that they become
anatomically perfect; as, the regeneration of a nerve.

REGENERATIVE
Re*gen"er*a*tive (r*jn"r**tv), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to regeneration; tending to regenerate; as,
regenerative influences. H. Bushnell. Regenerative furnace (Metal.),
a furnace having a regenerator in which gas used for fuel, and air
for supporting combustion, are heated; a Siemens furnace.

REGENERATIVELY
Re*gen"er*a*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to regenerate.

REGENERATOR
Re*gen"er*a`tor (-`tr), n.

1. One who, or that which, regenerates.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A device used in connection with hot-air engines, gas-burning
furnaces, etc., in which the incoming air or gas is heated by being
brought into contact with masses of iron, brick, etc., which have
been previously heated by the outgoing, or escaping, hot air or gas.

REGENERATORY
Re*gen"er*a*to*ry (-*t*r), a.

Defn: Having power to renew; tending to reproduce; regenerating. G.
S. Faber.

REGENESIS
Re*gen"e*sis (-*ss), n.

Defn: New birth; renewal.
A continued regenesis of dissenting sects. H. Spenser.

REGENT
Re"gent (r"jent), a. Etym: [L. regens, -entis, p. pr. of regere to
rule: cf. F. régent. See Regiment.]

1. Ruling; governing; regnant. "Some other active regent principle .
. . which we call the soul." Sir M. Hale.

2. Exercising vicarious authority. Milton. Queen regent. See under
Queen, n.

REGENT
Re"gent, n. Etym: [F. régent. See Regent, a.]

1. One who rules or reigns; a governor; a ruler. Milton.

2. Especially, one invested with vicarious authority; one who governs
a kingdom in the minority, absence, or disability of the sovereign.

3. One of a governing board; a trustee or overseer; a superintendent;
a curator; as, the regents of the Smithsonian Institution.

4. (Eng.Univ.)

Defn: A resident master of arts of less than five years' standing, or
a doctor of less than twwo. They were formerly privileged to lecture
in the schools. Regent bird (Zoöl.), a beautiful Australian bower
bird (Sericulus melinus). The male has the head, neck, and large
patches on the wings, bright golden yellow, and the rest of the
plumage deep velvety black; -- so called in honor of the Prince of
Wales (afterward George IV.), who was Prince Regent in the reign of
George III.
 -- The Regents of the University of the State of New York, the
members of a corporate body called the University of New York. They
have a certain supervisory power over the incorporated institution
for Academic and higher education in the State.

REGENT DIAMOND
Re"gent di"a*mond.

Defn: A famous diamond of fine quality, which weighs about 137 carats
and is among the state jewels of France. It is so called from the
Duke of Orleans, Regent of France, to whom it was sold in 1717 by
Pitt the English Governor of Madras (whence also called the Pitt
diamond), who bought it of an Indian merchant in 1701.

REGENTESS
Re"gent*ess, n.

Defn: A female regent. [R.] Cotgrave.

REGENTSHIP
Re"gent*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a regent; regency.

REGERMINATE
Re*ger"mi*nate (r*jr"m*nt), v. i. Etym: [Pref. re- + germinate: cf.
L. regerminare.]

Defn: To germinate again.
Perennial plants regerminate several years successively. J. Lee.

REGERMINATION
Re*ger`mi*na"tion (-n"shn), n. Etym: [L. regerminatio.]

Defn: A germinating again or anew.

REGEST
Re*gest" (r*jst"), n. Etym: [L. regesta, pl.: cf. OF. regestes, pl.
See Register.]

Defn: A register. [Obs.] Milton.

REGET
Re*get" (r*gt"), v. t.

Defn: To get again.

REGIAN
Re"gi*an (r"j-an), n. Etym: [L. regius regal.]

Defn: An upholder of kingly authority; a royalist. [Obs.] Fuller.

REGIBLE
Reg"i*ble (rj"*b'l), a. Etym: [L. regibilis, from regere to rule.]

Defn: Governable; tractable. [Obs.]

REGICIDAL
Reg"i*ci`dal (rj"*s`dal), a.

Defn: Pertaining to regicide, or to one committing it; having the
nature of, or resembling, regicide. Bp. Warburton.

REGICIDE
Reg"i*cide (rj"*sd), n. Etym: [F. régicide; L. rex, regis, a king +
caedere to kill. Cf. Homicide.]

1. One who kills or who murders a king; specifically (Eng.Hist.), one
of the judges who condemned Charles I. to death.

2. The killing or the murder of a king.

REGIDOR
Re`gi*dor", n.; pl. -dores (#). [Sp., fr. regir to rule, L. regere.]

Defn: One of a body of officers charged with the government of
Spanish municipalities, corresponding to the English alderman.

REGIE
Ré`gie", n. [F.]

1. Direct management of public finance or public works by agents of
the government for government account; -- opposed to the contract
system.

2.  Specif.: The system of collecting taxes by officials who have
either no interest or a very small interest in the proceeds, as
distinguished from the ancient system of farming them out.

3.  Any kind of government monopoly (tobacco, salt, etc.) used
chiefly as a means of taxation. Such monopolies are largely employed
in Austria, Italy, France, and Spain.

REGILD
Re*gild" (r*gld"), v. t.

Defn: To gild anew.

REGIME
Ré`gime" (r`zhm"), n. Etym: [F. See Regimen.]

1. Mode or system of rule or management; character of government, or
of the prevailing social system.
I dream . . . of the new régime which is to come. H. Kingsley.

2. (Hydraul.)

Defn: The condition of a river with respect to the rate of its flow,
as measured by the volume of water passing different cross sections
in a given time, uniform régime being the condition when the flow is
equal and uniform at all the cross sections. The ancient régime, or
Ancien régime Etym: [F.], the former political and social system, as
distinguished from the modern; especially, the political and social
system existing in France before the Revolution of 1789.

REGIMEN
Reg"i*men (rj"*mn), n. Etym: [L. regimen, -inis, fr. regere to guide,
to rule. See Right, and cf. Regal, Régime, Regiment.]

1. Orderly government; system of order; adminisration. Hallam.

2. Any regulation or remedy which is intended to produce beneficial
effects by gradual operation; esp. (Med.),

Defn: a systematic course of diet, etc., pursed with a view to
improving or preserving the health, or for the purpose of attaining
some particular effect, as a reduction of flesh; -- sometimes used
synonymously with hygiene.

3. (Gram.)
(a) A syntactical relation between words, as when one depends on
another and is regulated by it in respect to case or mood;
government.
(b) The word or words governed.

REGIMENT
Reg"i*ment (-ment), n. Etym: [F. régiment a regiment of men, OF. also
government, L. regimentum government, fr. regere to guide, rule. See
Regimen.]

1. Government; mode of ruling; rule; authority; regimen. [Obs.]
Spenser. "Regiment of health." Bacon.
But what are kings, when regiment is gone, But perfect shadows in a
sunshine day Marlowe.
The law of nature doth now require of necessity some kind of
regiment. Hocker.

2. A region or district governed. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A body of men, either horse, foot, or artillery, commanded by a
colonel, and consisting of a number of companies, usually ten.

Note: In the British army all the artillery are included in one
regiment, which (reversing the usual practice) is divided into
brigades. Regiment of the line (Mil.), a regiment organized for
general service; -- in distinction from those (as the Life Guards)
whose duties are usually special. [Eng.]

REGIMENT
Reg"i*ment (-mnt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Regimented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Regimenting.]

Defn: To form into a regiment or into regiments. Washington.

REGIMENTAL
Reg`i*men"tal (-mn"tal), a.

Defn: Belonging to, or concerning, a regiment; as, regimental
officers, clothing. Regimental school, in the British army, a school
for the instruction of the private soldiers of a regiment, and their
children, in the rudimentary branches of education.

REGIMENTALLY
Reg`i*men"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: In or by a regiment or regiments; as, troops classified
regimentally.

REGIMENTALS
Reg`i*men"tals (-talz), n. pl. (Mil.)

Defn: The uniform worn by the officers and soldiers of a regiment;
military dress; -- formerly used in the singular in the same sense.
Colman.

REGIMINAL
Re*gim"i*nal (r*jm"*nal), a.

Defn: Of or relating to regimen; as, regiminal rules.

REGION
Re"gion (r"jn), n. Etym: [F. région, from L. regio a direction, a
boundary line, region, fr. regere to guide, direct. See Regimen.]

1. One of the grand districts or quarters into which any space or
surface, as of the earth or the heavens, is conceived of as divided;
hence, in general, a portion of space or territory of indefinite
extent; country; province; district; tract.
If thence he 'scappe, into whatever world, Or unknown region. Milton.

2. Tract, part, or space, lying about and including anything;
neighborhood; vicinity; sphere. "Though the fork invade the region of
my heart." Shak.
Philip, tetrarch of .. the region of Trachonitis. Luke iii. 1.

3. The upper air; the sky; the heavens. [Obs.]
Anon the dreadful thunder Doth rend the region. Shak.

4. The inhabitants of a district. Matt. iii. 5.

5. Place; rank; station. [Obs. or R.]
He is of too high a region. Shak.

REGIONAL
Re"gion*al (-al), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a particular region; sectional.

REGIOUS
Re"gi*ous (-j*s), a. Etym: [L. regius royal, fr. rex, regis, king.]

Defn: Regal; royal. [Obs.] Harrington.

REGISTER
Reg"is*ter (rj"s*tr), n. Etym: [OE. registre, F. registre, LL.
registrum,regestum, L. regesta, pl., fr. regerere, regestum, to carry
back, to register; pref. re- re- + gerere to carry. See Jest, and cf.
Regest.]

1. A written account or entry; an official or formal enumeration,
description, or record; a memorial record; a list or roll; a
schedule.
As you have one eye upon my follies, . . . turn another into the
register of your own. Shak.

2. (Com.)
(a) A record containing a list and description of the merchant
vessels belonging to a port or customs district.
(b) A certificate issued by the collector of customs of a port or
district to the owner of a vessel, containing the description of a
vessel, its name, ownership, and other material facts. It is kept on
board the vessel, to be used as an evidence of nationality or as a
muniment of title.

3. Etym: [Cf. LL. registrarius. Cf. Regisrar.]

Defn: One who registers or records; a registrar; a recorder;
especially, a public officer charged with the duty of recording
certain transactions or events; as, a register of deeds.

4. That which registers or records. Specifically:
(a) (Mech.) A contrivance for automatically noting the performance of
a machine or the rapidity of a process.
(b) (Teleg.) The part of a telegraphic apparatus which records
automatically the message received.
(c) A machine for registering automatically the number of persons
passing through a gateway, fares taken, etc.; a telltale.

5. A lid, stopper, or sliding plate, in a furnace, stove, etc., for
regulating the admission of air to the fuel; also, an arrangement
containing dampers or shutters, as in the floor or wall of a room or
passage, or in a chimney, for admitting or excluding heated air, or
for regulating ventilation.

6. (Print.)
(a) The inner part of the mold in which types are cast.
(b) The correspondence of pages, columns, or lines on the opposite or
reverse sides of the sheet.
(c) The correspondence or adjustment of the several impressions in a
design which is printed in parts, as in chromolithographic printing,
or in the manufacture of paper hangings. See Register, v. i. 2.

7. (Mus.)
(a) The compass of a voice or instrument; a specified portion of the
compass of a voice, or a series of vocal tones of a given compass;
as, the upper, middle, or lower register; the soprano register; the
tenor register.

Note: In respect to the vocal tones, the thick register properly
extends below from the F on the lower space of the treble staff. The
thin register extends an octave above this. The small register is
above the thin. The voice in the thick register is called the chest
voice; in the thin, the head voice. Falsetto is a kind off voice, of
a thin, shrull quality, made by using the mechanism of the upper thin
register for tones below the proper limit on the scale. E. Behnke.
(b) A stop or set of pipes in an organ. Parish register, A book in
which are recorded the births, baptisms, marriages, deaths, and
burials in a parish.

Syn.
 -- List; catalogue; roll; record; archives; chronicle; annals. See
List.

REGISTER
Reg"is*ter (rj"s*tr), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Registere (-trd); p. pr. &
vb. n. Registering.] Etym: [Cf. F. regisrer, exregistrer, LL.
registrare. See Register, n.]

1. T

2. To enroll; to enter in a list.
Such follow him as shall be registered. Milton.
Registered letter, a letter, the address of which is, on payment of a
special fee, registered in the post office and the transmission and
delivery of which are attended to with particular care.

REGISTER
Reg"is*ter, v. i.

1. To enroll one's name in a register.

2. (Print.)

Defn: To correspond in ralative position; as, two pages, columns,
etc. , register when the corresponding parts fall in the same line,
or when line falls exactly upon line in reverse pages, or (as in
chromatic printing) where the various colors of the design are
printed consecutively, and perfect adjustment of parts is necessary.

REGISTERING
Reg"is*ter*ing, a.

Defn: Recording; -- applied to instruments; having an apparatus which
registers; as, a registering thermometer. See Recording.

REGISTERSHIP
Reg"is*ter*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a register.

REGISTRANT
Reg"is*trant (-trant), n. Etym: [L. registrans, p. pr.]

Defn: One who registers; esp., one who , by virtue of securing an
official registration, obtains a certain right or title of
possession, as to a trade-mark.

REGISTRAR
Reg"is*trar (-trr), n. Etym: [LL. registrarius, or F. régistraire.
See Register.]

Defn: One who registers; a recorder; a keeper of records; as, a
registrar of births, deaths, and marriages. See Register, n., 3.

REGISTRARSHIP
Reg"is*trar*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a registrar.

REGISTRARY
Reg"is*tra*ry (- tr*r), n.

Defn: A registrar. [Obs.]

REGISTRATE
Reg"is*trate (-trt), v. t.

Defn: To register. [R.]

REGISTRATION
Reg`is*tra"tion (-tr"shn), n. Etym: [LL. registratio, or F.
régistration. See Register, v.]

1. The act of registering; registry; enrollment.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The art of selecting and combining the stops or registers of an
organ.

REGISTRY
Reg"is*try (rj"s*tr), n.

1. The act of recording or writing in a register; enrollment;
registration.

2. The place where a register is kept.

3. A record; an account; a register. Sir W. Temple.

REGIUS
Re"gi*us (rl"*s), a. Etym: [L. regius, from rex, regis, a king.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a king; royal. Regius professor, an
incumbent of a professorship founded by royal bounty, as in an
English university.

REGIVE
Re*give" (r*gv"), v. t.

Defn: To give again; to give back.

REGLE
Re"gle (rg"'l) v. t. Etym: [See Reglement.]

Defn: To rule; to govern. [Obs.] "To regle their lives." Fuller.

REGLEMENT
Re"gle*ment (rg"'l*ment), n. Etym: [F. réglement, fr. régler, L.
regulare. See Regulate.]

Defn: Regulation. [Obs.]
The reformation and reglement of usuary. Bacon.

REGLEMENTARY
Reg`le*men"ta*ry (-l*mn"t*r), a. Etym: [F. réglementaire, fr.
réglement.]

Defn: Regulative. [R.]

REGLET
Reg"let (rg"lt), n. Etym: [F. réglet, dim. of règle a rule, L.
regula. See Rule.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A flat, narrow molding, used chiefly to separate the parts or
members of compartments or panels from one another, or doubled,
turned, and interlaced so as to form knots, frets, or other
ornaments. See Illust. (12) of Column.

2. (Print.)

Defn: A strip of wood or metal of the height of a quadrat, used for
regulating the space between pages in a chase, and also for spacing
out title-pages and other open matter. It is graded to different
sizes, and designated by the name of the type that it matches; as,
nonpareil reglet, pica reglet, and the like.

REGMA
Reg"ma (rg"m), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of dry fruit, consisting of three or more cells, each
which at length breaks open at the inner angle.

REGMACARP
Reg"ma*carp (-krp), n Etym: [Regma + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any dry dehiscent fruit.

REGNAL
Reg"nal (rg"nal), a. Etym: [L. regnum reign.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the reign of a monarch; as, regnal years.

REGNANCY
Reg"nan*cy (-nan*s), n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being regnant; sovereignty; rule.
Coleridge.

REGNANT
Reg"nant (-nant), a. Etym: [L. regnans, -antis, p. pr. of regnare to
reign: cf. F régnant. See Reign.]

1. Exercising regal authority; reigning; as, a queen regnant.

2. Having the chief power; ruling; predominant; prevalent. "A traitor
to the vices regnant." Swift.

REGNATIVE
Reg"na*tive (-n*tv), a.

Defn: Ruling; governing. [Obs.]

REGNE
Regne (rn), n. & v.

Defn: See Reign. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REGORGE
Re*gorge" (r*grj"), v. t. Etym: [F. regorder; re- + gorger to gorge.
Cf. Regurgitate.]

1. To vomit up; to eject from the stomach; to throw back. Hayward.

2. To swallow again; to swallow back.
Tides at highest mark regorge the flood. DRyden.

REGRADE
Re*grade" (r*grd"), v. i. Etym: [L. re- re- + gradi to go. Cf.
Regrede. ]

Defn: To retire; to go back. [Obs.] W. Hales.

REGRAFT
Re*graft" (r*grft"), v. t.

Defn: To graft again.

REGRANT
Re*grant" (r*grnt"), v. t.

Defn: To grant back; to grant again or anew. Ayliffe.

REGRANT
Re*grant", n.

1. The act of granting back to a former proprietor.

2. A renewed of a grant; as, the regrant of a monopoly.

REGRATE
Re*grate" (r*grt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Regrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Regrating.] Etym: [F. regratter, literally, to scrape again. See Re-,
and Grate, v. t.]

1. (Masonry)

Defn: To remove the outer surface of, as of an old hewn stone, so as
to give it a fresh appearance.

2. To offend; to shock. [Obs.] Derham.

REGRATE
Re*grate", v. t. Etym: [F. regratter to regrate provisions; of
uncertain origin.] (Eng.Law)

Defn: To buy in large quantities, as corn, provisions, etc., at a
market or fair, with the intention of selling the same again, in or
near the same place, at a higher price, -- a practice which was
formerly treated as a public offense.

REGRATER
Re*grat"er (-r), n. Etym: [F. regrattier.]

Defn: One who regrates.

REGRATERY
Re*grat"er*y, n.

Defn: The act or practice of regrating.

REGRATIATORY
Re*gra"ti*a*to*ry (r*gr"sh**t*r), n.

Defn: A returning or giving of thanks. [Obs.] Skelton.

REGRATOR
Re*grat"or (r*grt"r), n.

Defn: One guilty of regrating.

REGREDE
Re*grede" (r*grd"), v. i. Etym: [L. regredi to go back. Cf. Regrade,
Regress.]

Defn: To go back; to retrograde, as the apsis of a planet's orbit.
[R.] Todhunter.

REGREDIENCE
Re*gre"di*ence (r*gr"d-ens), n.

Defn: A going back; a retrogression; a return. [R.] Herrick.

REGREET
Re*greet" (r*grt"), v. t.

Defn: To greet again; to resalute; to return a salutation to; to
greet. Shak.

REGREET
Re*greet", n.

Defn: A return or exchange of salutation.

REGRESS
Re"gress (r"grs), n. Etym: [L. regressus, fr. regredi, regressus. See
Regrede.]

1. The act of passing back; passage back; return; retrogression. "The
progress or regress of man". F. Harrison.

2. The power or liberty of passing back. Shak.

REGRESS
Re*gress" (r*grs"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Regressed (-grst"); p. pr. &
vb. n. Regressing.]

Defn: To go back; to return to a former place or state. Sir T.
Browne.

REGRESSION
Re*gres"sion (r*grsh"n), n. Etym: [L. regressio: cf. F. régression.]

Defn: The act of passing back or returning; retrogression;
retrogradation. Sir T. Browne. Edge of regression (of a surface)
(Geom.), the line along which a surface turns back upon itself; --
called also a cuspidal edge.
 -- Regression point (Geom.), a cusp.

REGRESSIVE
Re*gress"ive (r*grs"v), a. Etym: [Cf. F. régressif.]

1. Passing back; returning.

2. Characterized by retrogression; retrogressive. Regressive
metamorphism. (a) (Biol.) See Retrogression. (b) (Physiol.) See
Katabolism.

REGRESSIVELY
Re*gress"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a regressive manner.

REGRET
Re*gret" (r*grt"), n Etym: [F., fr. regretter. See Regret, ]

1. Pain of mind on account of something done or experienced in the
past, with a wish that it had been different; a looking back with
dissatisfaction or with longing; grief; sorrow; especially, a
mourning on account of the loss of some joy, advantage, or
satisfaction. "A passionate regret at sin." Dr. H. More.
What man does not remember with regret the first time he read
Robinson Crusoe Macaulay.
Never any prince expressed a more lively regret for the loss of a
servant. Clarendon.
From its peaceful bosom [the grave] spring none but fond regrets and
tender recollections. W. Irving.

2. Dislike; aversion. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Syn.
 -- Grief; concern; sorrow; lamentation; repentance; penitence; self-
condemnation.
 -- Regret, Remorse, Compunction, Contrition, Repentance. Regret does
not carry with it the energy of remorse, the sting of compunction,
the sacredness of contrition, or the practical character of
repentance. We even apply the term regret to circumstance over which
we have had no control, as the absence of friends or their loss. When
connected with ourselves, it relates rather to unwise acts than to
wrong or sinful ones. C. J. Smith.

REGRET
Re*gret", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Regretted (-td); p. pr. & vb. n.
Regretting.] Etym: [F. regretter, OF. regreter; L. pref. re- re- + a
word of Teutonic origin; cf. Goth. gr to weep, Icel. gr. See Greet to
lament.]

Defn: To experience regret on account of; to lose or miss with a
sense of regret; to feel sorrow or dissatisfaction on account of (the
happening or the loss of something); as, to regret an error; to
regret lost opportunities or friends.
Calmly he looked on either life, and here Saw nothing to regret, or
there to fear. Pope.
In a few hours they [the Israelites] began to regret their slavery,
and to murmur against their leader. Macaulay.
Recruits who regretted the plow from which they had been violently
taken. Macaulay.

REGRETFUL
Re*gret"ful (-fl), a.

Defn: Full of regret; indulging in regrets; repining.
 -- Re*gret"ful*ly, adv.

REGROW
Re*grow" (r*gr"), v. i. & t.

Defn: To grow again.
The snail had power to regrow them all [horns, tongue, etc.] A. B.
Buckley.

REGROWTH
Re*growth" (r*grth"), n.

Defn: The act of regrowing; a second or new growth. Darwin.
The regrowth of limbs which had been cut off. A. B. Buckley.

REGUARDANT
Re*guard"ant (r*grd"ant), a. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Regardant.

REGUERDON
Re*guer"don (r*gr"dn), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- re- + guerdon: cf. OF.
reguerdonner.]

Defn: To reward. [Obs.] Shak.

REGULABLE
Reg"u*la*ble (rg"*l*b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being regulated. [R.]

REGULAR
Reg"u*lar (-lr), a. Etym: [L. regularis, fr. regula a rule, fr.
regere to guide, to rule: cf. F. régulier. See Rule.]

1. Conformed to a rule; agreeable to an established rule, law,
principle, or type, or to established customary forms; normal;
symmetrical; as, a regular verse in poetry; a regular piece of music;
a regular verb; regular practice of law or medicine; a regular
building.

2. Governed by rule or rules; steady or uniform in course, practice,
or occurence; not subject to unexplained or irrational variation;
returning at stated intervals; steadily pursued; orderlly;
methodical; as, the regular succession of day and night; regular
habits.

3. Constituted, selected, or conducted in conformity with established
usages, rules, or discipline; duly authorized; permanently organized;
as, a regular meeting; a regular physican; a regular nomination;
regular troops.

4. Belonging to a monastic order or community; as, regular clergy, in
distinction dfrom the secular clergy.

5. Thorough; complete; unmitigated; as, a regular humbug. [Colloq.]

6. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Having all the parts of the same kind alike in size and shape;
as, a regular flower; a regular sea urchin.

7. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Same as Isometric. Regular polygon (Geom.), a plane polygon
which is both equilateral and equiangular.
 -- Regular polyhedron (Geom.), a polyhedron whose faces are equal
regular polygons. There are five regular polyhedrons, -- the
tetrahedron, the hexahedron, or cube, the octahedron, the
dodecahedron, and the icosahedron.
 -- Regular sales (Stock Exchange), sales of stock deliverable on the
day after the transaction.
 -- Regular troops, troops of a standing or permanent army; --
opposed to militia.

Syn.
 -- Normal; orderly; methodical. See Normal.

REGULAR
Reg"u*lar (rg"*lr), n. Etym: [LL. regularis: cf. F. régulier. See
Regular, a.]

1. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A member of any religious order or community who has taken the
vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, and who has been solemnly
recognized by the church. Bp. Fitzpatrick.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A soldier belonging to a permanent or standing army; -- chiefly
used in the plural.

REGULARIA
Reg`u*la"ri*a (rg`*l"r*), n.pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Echini which includes the circular, or regular,
sea urchins.

REGULARITY
Reg`u*lar"i*ty (-lr"*t), n. Etym: [Cf. F. régularité.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being regular; as, regularity of
outline; the regularity of motion.

REGULARIZE
Reg"u*lar*ize (rg"*lr*z), v. t.

Defn: To cause to become regular; to regulate. [R.]

REGULARLY
Reg"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a regular manner; in uniform order; methodically; in due
order or time.

REGULARNESS
Reg"u*lar*ness, n.

Defn: Regularity. Boyle.

REGULATE
Reg"u*late (-lt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Regulated (-l`td); p. pr. & vb.
n. Regulating.] Etym: [L. regulatus, p. p. of regulare, fr. regula.
See Regular.]

1. To adjust by rule, method, or established mode; to direct by rule
or restriction; to subject to governing principles or laws.
The laws which regulate the successions of the seasons. Macaulay.
The herdsmen near the frontier adjudicated their own disputes, and
regulated their own police. Bancroft.

2. To put in good order; as, to regulate the disordered state of a
nation or its finances.

3. To adjust, or maintain, with respect to a desired rate, degree, or
condition; as, to regulate the temperature of a room, the pressure of
steam, the speed of a machine, etc. To regulate a watch or clock, to
adjust its rate of running so that it will keep approximately
standard time.

Syn.
 -- To adjust; dispose; methodize; arrange; direct; order; rule;
govern.

REGULATION
Reg`u*la"tion (-l"shn), n.

1. The act of regulating, or the state of being regulated.
The temper and regulation of our own minds. Macaulay.

2. A rule or order prescribed for management or government;
prescription; a regulating principle; a governing direction; precept;
law; as, the regulations of a society or a school. Regulation sword,
cap, uniform, etc. (Mil.), a sword, cap, uniform, etc., of the kind
or quality prescribed by the official regulations.

Syn.
 -- Law; rule; method; principle; order; precept. See Law.

REGULATIVE
Reg"u*la*tive (rg"*l*tv), a.

1. Tending to regulate; regulating. Whewell.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: Necessarily assumed by the mind as fundamental to all other
knowledge; furnishing fundamental principles; as, the regulative
principles, or principles a priori; the regulative faculty. Sir W.
Hamilton.

Note: These terms are borrowed from Kant, and suggest the thought,
allowed by Kant, that possibly these principles are only true for the
human mind, the operations and belief of which they regulate.

REGULATOR
Reg"u*la`tor (-l`tr), n.

1. One who, or that which, regulates.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A contrivance for regulating and controlling motion, as: (a)
The lever or index in a watch, which controls the effective length of
the hairspring, and thus regulates the vibrations of the balance. (b)
The governor of a steam engine. (c) A valve for controlling the
admission of steam to the steam chest, in a locomotive.

3. A clock, or other timepiece, used as a standard of correct time.
See Astronomical clock (a), under Clock.

4. A member of a volunteer committee which, in default of the lawful
authority, undertakes to preserve order and prevent crimes; also,
sometimes, one of a band organized for the comission of violent
crimes. [U.S.]
A few stood neutral, or declared in favor of the Regulators.
Bancroft.

REGULINE
Reg"u*line (rg"*ln), a. Etym: [Cf. F. régulin. See Regulus.] (Chem. &
Metal.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to regulus.

REGULIZE
Reg"u*lize (-lz), v. t. (Old Chem.)

Defn: To reduce to regulus; to separate, as a metal from extraneous
matter; as, to regulize antimony. [Archaic]

REGULUS
Reg"u*lus (-ls), n.; pl. E. Reguluses (-Reguli (-l. Etym: [L., a
petty king, prince, dim. of rex, regis, a king: cf. F. régule. See
Regal.]

1. A petty king; a ruler of little power or consequence.

2. (Chem. & Metal.)

Defn: The button, globule, or mass of metal, in a more or less impure
state, which forms in the bottom of the crucible in smelting and
reduction of ores.

Note: The name was introduced by the alchemists, and applied by them
in the first instance to antimony. Ilittle king; and from the
facility with which antimony alloyed with gold, these empirical
philosophers had great hopes that this metal, antimony, would lead
them to the discovery of the philosopher's stone. Ure.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: A star of the first magnitude in the constellation Leo; --
called also the Lion's Heart.

REGURGITATE
Re*gur"gi*tate (r*gr"j*tt), v. t. Etym: [LL. regurgitare,
regurgitatum; L. pref. re- re- + gurges, -itis, a gulf. Cf. Regorge.]

Defn: To throw or pour back, as from a deep or hollow place; to pour
or throw back in great quantity.

REGURGITATE
Re*gur"gi*tate, v. i.

Defn: To be thrown or poured back; to rush or surge back.
The food may regurgitatem the stomach into the esophagus and mouth.
Quain.

REGURGITATION
Re*gur`gi*ta"tion (-t"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. régurgitation.]

1. The act of flowing or pouring back by the orifice of entrance;
specifically (Med.),

Defn: the reversal of the natural direction in which the current or
contents flow through a tube or cavity of the body. Quain.

2. The act of swallowing again; reabsorption.

REHABILITATE
Re`ha*bil"i*tate (r`h*bl"*tt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rehabilitated (-
t`td); p. pr. & vb. n. Rehabilitating.] Etym: [Pref. re- re- +
habilitate: cf. LL. rehabilitare, F. réhabiliter.]

Defn: To invest or clothe again with some right, authority, or
dignity; to restore to a former capacity; to reinstate; to qualify
again; to restore, as a delinquent, to a former right, rank, or
privilege lost or forfeited; -- a term of civil and canon law.
Restoring and rehabilitating the party. Burke.

REHABILITATION
Re`ha*bil`i*ta"tion (-t"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. LL. rehabilitatio, F.
Réhabilitation.]

Defn: The act of rehabilitating, or the state of being rehabilitated.
Bouvier. Walsh.

REHASH
Re*hash" (r*hsh"), v. t.

Defn: To hash over again; to prepare or use again; as, to rehash old
arguments.

REHASH
Re*hash", n.

Defn: Something hashed over, or made up from old materials.

REHEAR
Re*hear" (r*hr"), v. t.

Defn: To hear again; to try a second time; as, to rehear a cause in
Chancery.

REHEARSAL
Re*hears"al (r*hrs"a), n.

Defn: The act of rehearsing; recital; narration; repetition;
specifically, a private recital, performance, or season of practice,
in preparation for a public exhibition or exercise. Chaucer.
In rehearsal of our Lord's Prayer. Hooker.
Here's marvelous convenient place for our rehearsal. Shak.
Dress rehearsal (Theater), a private preparatory performance of a
drama, opera, etc., in costume.

REHEARSE
Re*hearse" (r*hrs"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rehearsed (-hrst"); p. pr. &
vb. n. Rehearsing.] Etym: [OE. rehercen, rehersen, OF. reherser,
rehercier, to harrow over again; pref. re- re- + hercier to harrow,
fr. herce a harrow, F. herse. See Hearse.]

1. To repeat, as what has been already said; to tell over again; to
recite. Chaucer.
When the words were heard which David spake, they rehearsed them
before Saul. 1 Sam. xvii. 31.

2. To narrate; to relate; to tell.
Rehearse the righteous acts of the Lord. Judg. . v. 11.

3. To recite or repeat in private for experiment and improvement,
before a public representation; as, to rehearse a tragedy.

4. To cause to rehearse; to instruct by rehearsal. [R.]
He has been rehearsed by Madame Defarge as to his having seen her.
Dickens.

Syn.
 -- To recite; recapitulate; recount; detail; describe; tell; relate;
narrate.

REHEARSE
Re*hearse", v. i.

Defn: To recite or repeat something for practice. "There will we
rehearse." Shak.

REHEARSER
Re*hears"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who rehearses.

REHEAT
Re*heat" (r*ht"), v. t.

1. To heat again.

2. To revive; to cheer; to cherish. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

REHIBITION
Re`hi*bi"tion (r`h*bsh"n), n. Etym: [Pref. re- + L. habere to have.]
(Law)

Defn: The returning of a thing purchased to the seller, on the ground
of defect or frand.

REHIBITORY
Re*hib"i*to*ry (r*hb"*t*r), a. (Law)

Defn: Of or relating to rehibition; as, a rehibitory action.

REHIRE
Re*hire" (r*hr"), v. t.

Defn: To hire again.

REHYPOTHECATE
Re`hy*poth"e*cate (r`h*pth"*kt), v. t. (Law)

Defn: To hypothecate again.
 -- Re`hy*poth`e*ca"tion, n.

REI
Rei (r), n.;pl. Reis (ror r. Etym: [Pg. real, pl. reis. See Real a
coin.]

Defn: A portuguese money of account, in value about one tenth of a
cent. [Spelt also ree.]

REICHSRATH
Reichs"rath` (rks"rt), n. Etym: [G]

Defn: The parliament of Austria (exclusive of Hungary, which has its
own diet, or parliament). It consists of an Upper and a Lower House,
or a House of Lords and a House of Representatives.

REICHSSTAND
Reichs"stand` (rks"stt`), n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: A free city of the former German empire.

REICHSTAG
Reichs"tag` (rks"tg`), n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: The Diet, or House of Representatives, of the German empire,
which is composed of members elected for a term of three years by the
direct vote of the people. See Bundesrath.

REIF
Reif (rf), n. Etym: [AS. re.]

Defn: Robbery; spoil. [Obs.]

REIGLE
Rei"gle (r"g'l), n. Etym: [F. règle a rule, fr. L. regula. See Rule.]

Defn: A hollow cut or channel for quiding anything; as, the reigle of
a side post for a flood gate. Carew.

REIGLE
Rei"gle, v. t.

Defn: To regulate; to govern. [Obs.]

REIGLEMENT
Rei"gle*ment (-ment), n. Etym: [See Reglement.]

Defn: Rule; regulation. [Obs.] Bacon. Jer. Taylor.

REIGN
Reign (rn), n. Etym: [OE. regne, OF. reigne, regne, F. règne, fr. L.
regnum, fr. rex, regis, a king, fr. regere to guide, rule. See Regal,
Regimen.]

1. Royal authority; supreme power; sovereignty; rule; dominion.
He who like a father held his reign. Pope.
Saturn's sons received the threefold reign Of heaven, of ocean,, and
deep hell beneath. Prior.

2. The territory or sphere which is reigned over; kingdom; empire;
realm; dominion. [Obs.] Spenser.
[God] him bereft the regne that he had. Chaucer.

3. The time during which a king, queen, or emperor possesses the
supreme authority; as, it happened in the reign of Elizabeth.

REIGN
Reign (rn), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Reigned (rnd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reigning.] Etym: [OE. regnen, reinen, OF. regner, F. régner, fr. L.
regnare, fr. regnum. See Reign, n.]

1. To possess or exercise sovereign power or authority; to exercise
government, as a king or emperor;; to hold supreme power; to rule.
Chaucer.
We will not have this man to reign over us. Luke xix. 14.
Shall Banquo's issue ever Reign in this kingdom Shak.

2. Hence, to be predominant; to prevail. "Pestilent diseases which
commonly reign in summer." Bacon.

3. To have superior or uncontrolled dominion; to rule.
Let not sin therefore reign in your mortal body. Rom. vi. 12.

Syn.
 -- To rule; govern; direct; control; prevail.

REIGNER
Reign"er (rn"r), n.

Defn: One who reigns. [R.]

REILLUME
Re`il*lume" (r`l*lm"), v. t.

Defn: To light again; to cause to shine anew; to relume; to
reillumine. "Thou must reillume its spark." J. R. Drake.

REILLUMINATE
Re`il*lu"mi*nate (-l"m*nt), v. t.

Defn: To enlighten again; to reillumine.

REILLUMINATION
Re`il*lu`mi*na"tion (-n"shn), n.

Defn: The act or process of enlightening again.

REILLUMINE
Re`il*lu"mine (-l"mn), v. t.

Defn: To illumine again or anew; to reillume.

REIM
Reim (rm), n. Etym: [D. riem, akin to G riemen; CF. Gr.

Defn: A strip of oxhide, deprived of hair, and rendered pliable, --
used for twisting into ropes, etc. [South Africa] Simmonds.

REIMBARK
Re`im*bark" (r`m*brk"), v. t. & i.

Defn: See Re.

REIMBODY
Re`im*bod"y (-bd"), v. t. & i. Etym: [See Re.]

Defn: To imbody again. Boyle.

REIMBURSABLE
Re`im*burs"a*ble (r`m*brs"*b'l), a. Etym: [CF. F. remboursable.]

Defn: Capable of being repaid; repayable.
A loan has been made of two millions of dollars, reimbursable in ten
years. A. Hamilton.

REIMBURSE
Re`im*burse" (-brs"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reimbursed (-brst"); p. pr.
& vb. n. Reimbursing.] Etym: [Pref. re- + imburse: cf. F.
rembourser.]

1. To replace in a treasury or purse, as an equivalent for what has
been taken, lost, or expended; to refund; to pay back; to restore;
as, to reimburse the expenses of a war.

2. To make restoration or payment of an equivalent to (a person); to
pay back to; to indemnify; -- often reflexive; as, to reimburse one's
self by successful speculation. Paley.

REIMBURSEMENT
Re`im*burse"ment (-brs"ment), n. Etym: [Cf. F. rembursement.]

Defn: The act reimbursing. A. Hamilton.

REIMBURSER
Re`im*burs"er (-brs"r), n.

Defn: One who reimburses.

REIMPLANT
Re`im*plant" (-plnt"), v. t.

Defn: To implant again.

REIMPORT
Re`im*port" (-prt"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + import: cf. F.
remporter.]

Defn: To import again; to import what has been exported; to bring
back. Young.

REIMPORTATION
Re*im`por*ta"tion (r*m`pr*t"shn), n.

Defn: The act of reimporting; also, that which is reimported.

REIMPORTUNE
Re*im`por*tune" (-pr*tn"), v. t.

Defn: To importune again.

REIMPOSE
Re`im*pose" (r`m*pz), v. t.

Defn: To impose anew.

REIMPREGNATE
Re`im*preg"nate (-prg"nt), v. t.

Defn: To impregnate again or anew. Sir T. Browne.

REIMPRESS
Re`im*press" (-prs"), v. t.

Defn: To impress anew.

REIMPRESSION
Re`im*pres"sion (-prsh"n), n.

Defn: A second or repeated impression; a reprint.

REIMPRINT
Re`im*print" (-prnt"), v. t.

Defn: To imprint again.

REIMPRISON
Re`im*pris"on (-prz'n), v. t.

Defn: To imprison again.

REIMPRISONMENT
Re`im*pris"on*ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act of reimprisoning, or the state of being reimprisoned.

REIN
Rein (rn), n. Etym: [F. rêne, fr. (assumed) LL. retina, fr. L.
retinere to hold back. See Retain.]

1. The strap of a bridle, fastened to the curb or snaffle on each
side, by which the rider or driver governs the horse.
This knight laid hold upon his reyne. Chaucer.

2. Hence, an instrument or means of curbing, restraining, or
governing; government; restraint. "Let their eyes rove without rein."
Milton. To give rein, To give the rein to, to give license to; to
leave withouut restrain.
 -- To take the reins, to take the guidance or government; to assume
control.

REIN
Rein, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reined (rnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Reining.]

1. To govern or direct with the reins; as, to rein a horse one way or
another.
He mounts and reins his horse. Chapman.

2. To restrain; to control; to check.
Being once chafed, he can not Be reined again to temperance. Shak.
To rein in or rein up, to check the speed of, or cause to stop, by
drawing the reins.

REIN
Rein, v. i.

Defn: To be guided by reins. [R.] Shak.

REINAUGURATE
Re`in*au"gu*rate, v. t.

Defn: To inaugurate anew.

REINCIT
Re"in*cit" (-st"), v. t.

Defn: To incite again.

REINCORPORATE
Re`in*cor"po*rate, v. t.

Defn: To incorporate again.

REINCREASE
Re`in*crease" (-krs"), v. t.

Defn: To increase again.

REINCUR
Re`in*cur" (-kr"), v. t.

Defn: To incur again.

REINDEER
Rein"deer` (rn"dr), n. Etym: [Icel. hreinn reindeer + E. deer. Icel.
hreinn is of Lapp or Finnish origin; cf. Lappish reino pasturage.]
[Formerly written also raindeer, and ranedeer.] (Zool.)

Defn: Any ruminant of the genus Rangifer, of the Deer family, found
in the colder parts of both the Eastern and Western hemispheres, and
having long irregularly branched antlers, with the brow tines
palmate.

Note: The common European species (R. tarandus) is domesticated in
Lapland. The woodland reindeer or caribou (R. caribou) is found in
Canada and Maine (see Caribou.) The Barren Ground reindeer or caribou
(R. Groelandicus), of smaller size, is found on the shores of the
Arctic Ocean, in both hemispheries. Reindeer moss (Bot.), a gray
branching lichen (Cladonia rangiferina) which forms extensive patches
on the ground in arctic and even in north temperature regions. It is
the principal food of the Lapland reindeer in winter.
 -- Reindeer period (Geol.), a name sometimes given to a part of the
Paleolithic era when the reindeer was common over Central Europe.

REINDUCE
Re`in*duce" (r`n*ds"), v. t.

Defn: To induce again.

REINETTE
Rei*nette" (r*nt"), n. Etym: [F. See 1st Rennet.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to many different kinds of apples, mostly of
French origin.

REINFECT
Re`in*fect" (r`n*fkt), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + infect: cf. F.
réinfecter.]

Defn: To infect again.

REINFECTIOUS
Re`in*fec"tious (-fk"shs), a.

Defn: Capable of reinfecting.

REINFORCE
Re`in*force" (-frs"), v. t.

Defn: See Reënforce, v. t.

REINFORCE
Re`in*force", n.

Defn: See Reënforce, n.

REINFORCEMENT
Re`in*force"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: See Reënforcement.

REINFUND
Re`in*fund" (-fnd"), v. i. Etym: [Pref. re- + L. infundere to pour
in.]

Defn: To flow in anew. [Obs.] Swift.

REINGRATIATE
Re`in*gra"ti*ate (-gr"sh*t), v. t.

Defn: To ingratiate again or anew. Sir. T. Herbert.

REINHABIT
Re`in*hab"it (-hb"t), v. t.

Defn: To inhabit again. Mede.

REINLESS
Rein"less (rn"ls), a.

Defn: Not having, or not governed by, reins; hence, not checked or
restrained.

REINS
Reins (rnz), n. pl. Etym: [F. rein, pl. reins, fr. L. ren, pl.
renes.]

1. The kidneys; also, the region of the kidneys; the loins.

2. The inward impulses; the affections and passions; -- so called
because formerly supposed to have their seat in the part of the body
where the kidneys are.
My reins rejoice, when thy lips speak right things. Prov. xxiii. 16.
I am he which searcheth the reins and hearts. Rev. ii. 23.
Reins of a vault (Arch.), the parts between the crown andd the spring
or abutment, including, and having especial reference to, the loading
or filling behind the shell of the vault. The reins are to a vault
nearly what the haunches are to an arch, and when a vault gives way
by thrusting outward, it is because its reins are not sufficiently
filled up.

REINSERT
Re`in*sert" (r`n*srt"), v. t.

Defn: To insert again.

REINSERTION
Re`in*ser"tion (-sr"shn), n.

Defn: The act of reinserting.

REINSPECT
Re`in*spect" (-spkt"), v. t.

Defn: To inspect again.

REINSPECTION
Re`in*spec"tion (-spk"shn), n.

Defn: The act of reinspecting.

REINSPIRE
Re`in*spire" (-spr"), v. t.

Defn: To inspire anew. Milton.

REINSPIRIT
Re`in*spir"it (-sp`r"t), v. t.

Defn: To give fresh spirit to.

REINSTALL
Re`in*stall" (-stl"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + install: cf. F.
réinstaller.]

Defn: To install again. Milton.

REINSTALLMENT
Re`in*stall"ment (ment), n.

Defn: A renewed installment.

REINSTATE
Re`in*state" (-stt"), v. t.

Defn: To place again in possession, or in a former state; to restore
to a state from which one had been removed; to instate again; as, to
reinstate a king in the possession of the kingdom.
For the just we have said already thet some of them were reinstated
in their pristine happiness and felicity. Glanvill.

REINSTATEMENT
Re`in*state"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act of reinstating; the state of being reinstated; re

REINSTATION
Re`in*sta"tion (-st"shn), n.

Defn: Reinstatement. [R.]

REINSTRUCT
Re`in*struct" (-strkt"), v. t.

Defn: To instruct anew.

REINSURANCE
Re`in*sur"ance (-shr"ans), n.

1. Insurance a second time or again; renewed insurance.

2. A contract by which an insurer is insured wholly or in part
against the risk he has incurred in insuring somebody else. See
Reassurance.

REINSURE
Re`in*sure" (-shr"), v. t.

1. To insure again after a former insuranse has ceased; to renew
insurance on.

2. To insure, as life or property, in favor of one who has taken an
inssurance risk upon it.
The innsurer may cause the property insured to be reinsured by other
persons. Walsh.

REINSURER
Re`in*sur"er (-shr"r), n.

Defn: One who gives reinsurance.

REINTEGRATE
Re*in"te*grate (r*n"t*grt), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + integrate. Cf.
Redintegrate.]

Defn: To renew with regard to any state or quality; to restore; to
bring again together into a whole, as the parts off anything; to
reas, to reintegrate a nation. Bacon.

REINTEGRATION
Re*in`te*gra"tion (-gr"shn), n.

Defn: A renewing, or making whole again. See Redintegration.

REINTER
Re`in*ter" (r`n*tr"), v. t.

Defn: To inter again.

REINTERROGATE
Re`in*ter"ro*gate (-tr"r*gt), v. t.

Defn: To interrogate again; to question repeatedly. Cotgrave.

REINTHRONE
Re`in*throne" (-thrn"), v. t.

Defn: See Reënthrone.

REINTHRONIZE
Re`in*thron"ize (-z), v. t.

Defn: To enthrone again.[Obs.]

REINTRODUCE
Re*in`tro*duce" (r*n`tr*ds"), v. t.

Defn: To introduce again.
 -- Re*in`tro*duc"tion (-d, n.

REINVEST
Re`in*vest" (r`n*vst"), v. t.

Defn: To invest again or anew.

REINVESTIGATE
Re`in*ves"ti*gate (-vs"t*gt), v. t.

Defn: To investigate again.
 -- Re`in*ves`ti*ga"tion (-g, n.

REINVESTMENT
Re`in*vest"ment (-vst"ment), n.

Defn: The act of investing anew; a second or repeated investment.

REINVIGORATE
Re`in*vig"or*ate (-vg"r*t), v. t.

Defn: To invigorate anew.

REINVOLVE
Re`in*volve" (-vlv"), v. t.

Defn: To involve anew.

REIS
Re`is (r"s or rz), n. Etym: [Pg., pl. of real, an ancient Portuguese
coin.]

Defn: The word is used as a Portuguese designation of money of
account, one hundred reis being about equal in value to eleven cents.

REIS
Reis (rs), n. Etym: [Ar. ra head, chief, prince.]

Defn: A common title in the East for a person in authority,
especially the captain of a ship. [Written also rais and ras.]

REIS EFFENDI
Reis` Ef*fen"di (rs` f*fn"d). Etym: [See 2d Reis, and Effendi.]

Defn: A title formerly given to one of the chief Turkish officers of
state. He was chancellor of the empire, etc.

REISSNER'S MEMBRANE
Reiss"ner's mem"brane (rs"nrz mm"brn). Etym: [Named from E. Reissner,
A German anatomist.] (Anat.)

Defn: The thin membrane which separates the canal of the cochlea from
the vestibular scala in the internal ear.

REISSUABLE
Re*is"su*a*ble (r*sh"**b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being reissued.

REISSUE
Re*is"sue (r*sh"), v. t. & i.

Defn: To issue a second time.

REISSUE
Re*is"sue, n.

Defn: A second or repeated issue.

REIT
Reit (rt), n.

Defn: Sedge; seaweed. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

REITER
Rei"ter (r"tr), n. Etym: [G., rider.]

Defn: A German cavalry soldier of the fourteenth and fifteenth
centuries.

REITERANT
Re*it"er*ant (r-t"r-ant), a. Etym: [See Reiterate.]

Defn: Reiterating. [R.] Mrs. Browning.

REITERATE
Re*it"er*ate (-at), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reiterated (-a`têd); p. pr. &
vb. n. Reiterating.] Etym: [Pref. re- + iterate: cf. F. réitérer, LL.
reiterare to question again.]

Defn: To repeat again and again; to say or do repeatedly; sometimes,
to repeat.
That with reiterated crimes he might Heap on himself damnation.
Milton.
You never spoke what did become you less Than this; which to
reiterate were sin. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To repeat; recapitulate; rehearse.

REITERATE
Re*it"er*ate (-t), a.

Defn: Reiterated; repeated. [R.]

REITERATEDLY
Re*it"er*a`ted*ly (-`td-l), adv.

Defn: Repeatedly.

REITERATION
Re*it`er*a"tion (-"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. réitération.]

Defn: The act of reiterating; that which is reiterated.

REITERATIVE
Re*it"er*a*tive (r-t"r--tv), n.

1. (Gram.)

Defn: A word expressing repeated or reiterated action.

2. A word formed from another, or used to form another, by
repetition; as, dillydally.

REIVER
Reiv"er (rv"r), n.

Defn: See Reaver. Ruskin.

REJECT
Re*ject" (r-jkt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rejected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rejecting.] Etym: [L. rejectus, p. p. of reicere, rejicere; pref. re-
re- + jacere to throw: cf. F. rejeter, formerly also spelt rejecter.
See Jet a shooting forth.]

1. To cast from one; to throw away; to discard.
Therefore all this exercise of hunting . . . the Utopians have
rejected to their butchers. Robynson (More's Utopia).
Reject me not from among thy children. Wisdom ix. 4.

2. To refuse to receive or to acknowledge; to decline haughtily or
harshly; to repudiate.
That golden scepter which thou didst reject. Milton.
Because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will also reject thee, that
thou shalt be no priest to me. Hog. iv. 6.

3. To refuse to grant; as, to reject a prayer or request.

Syn.
 -- To repel; renounce; discard; rebuff; refuse; decline.

REJECTABLE
Re*ject"a*ble (--b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being, or that ought to be, rejected.

REJECTAMENTA
Re*jec`ta*men"ta (r-jk`t-mn"ta), n.pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. rejectare,
v. intens. fr. rejicere. See Reject.]

Defn: Things thrown out or away; especially, things excreted by a
living organism. J. Fleming.

REJECTANEOUS
Re`jec*ta"ne*ous (r`jk-t"n-s), a. Etym: [L. rejectaneus.]

Defn: Not chosen orr received; rejected. [Obs.] "Profane,
rejectaneous, and reprobate people." Barrow.

REJECTER
Re*ject"er (r-jkt"r), n.

Defn: One who rejects.

REJECTION
Re*jec"tion (r-jk"shn), n. Etym: [L. rejectio: cf. F. réjection.]

Defn: Act of rejecting, or state of being rejected.

REJECTITIOUS
Re`jec*ti"tious (r`jk-tsh"s), a.

Defn: Implying or requiring rejection; rejectable. Cudworth.

REJECTIVE
Re*ject"ive (r-jkt"v), a.

Defn: Rejecting, or tending to reject.

REJECTMENT
Re*ject"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: Act of rejecting; matter rejected, or thrown away. Eaton.

REJOICE
Re*joice" (r-jois"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rejoced (-joist"); p. pr. &
vb. n. Rejoicing (-joi"sng).] Etym: [OE.rejoissen, OF. resjouir,
resjoir, F. réjouir; pref. re- re- + OF, esjouir, esjoir, F. , to
rejoice; pref. es- (L. ex-) + OF. jouir, joir, F. jouir, from L.
gaudere to rejoice. See Joy.]

Defn: To feel joy; to experience gladness in a high degree; to have
pleasurable satisfaction; to be delighted. "O, rejoice beyond a
common joy." Shak.
I will be glad and rejoice in thy mercy. Ps. xxxi. 7.

Syn. To delight; joy; exult; triumph.

REJOICE
Re*joice", v. t.

1. To enjoy. [Obs.] Bp. Peacock.

2. To give joi to; to make joyful; to gladden.
I me rejoysed of my liberty. Chaucer.
While she, great saint, rejoices heaven. Prior.
Were he [Cain] alive, it would rejoice his soul to see what mischief
it had made. Arbuthnot.

Syn.
 -- To please; cheer; exhilarate; delight.

REJOICE
Re*joice", n.

Defn: The act of rejoicing. Sir T. Browne.

REJOICEMENT
Re*joice"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: Rejoicing. [Obs.]

REJOICER
Re*joi"cer (r-joi"sr), n.

Defn: One who rejoices.

REJOICING
Re*joi"cing (-sng), n.

1. Joy; gladness; delight.
We should particularly express our rejoicing by love and charity to
our neighbors. R. Nelson.

2. The expression of joy or gladness.
The voice of rejoicing and salvation is in the tabernacles of the
righteous. Ps. cxviii. 15.

3. That which causes to rejoice; occasion of joy.
Thy testimonies have I taken as an heritage forever, for they are the
rejoicing of my heart. Ps. cxix. 111.

REJOICINGLY
Re*joi"cing*ly, adv.

Defn: With joi or exultation.

REJOIN
Re*join" (r-join"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rejoined (-joind"); p. pr. &
vb. n. Rejoining.] Etym: [F. rejoindre; pref. re- re- + joindre to
join. See Join, and cf. Rejoinder.]

1. To join again; to unite after separation.

2. To come, or go, again into the presence of; to join the company of
again.
Meet and rejoin me, in the pensive grot. Pope.

3. To state in reply; -- followed by an object clause.

REJOIN
Re*join", v. i.

1. To answer to a reply.

2. (Law)

Defn: To answer, as the defendant to the plaintiff's replication.

REJOINDER
Re*join"der (-dr), n. Etym: [From F. rejoindre, inf., to join again.
See Rejoin.]

1. An answer to a reply; or, in general, an answer or reply.

2. (Law)

Defn: The defendant's answer to the plaintiff's replication.

Syn.
 -- Reply; ansswer; replication. See Reply.

REJOINDER
Re*join"der, v. i.

Defn: To make a rejoinder. [Archaic]

REJOINDURE
Re*join"dure (-dr), n.

Defn: Act of joining again. [Obs.] "Beguiles our lips of all
rejoindure" (i.e., kisses). Shak.

REJOINT
Re*joint" (re-joint"), v. t.

1. To reunite the joints of; to joint anew. Barrow.

2. Specifically (Arch.), to fill up the joints of, as stones in
buildings when the mortar has been dislodged by age and the action of
the weather. Gwilt.

REJOLT
Re*jolt" (r-jlt"), n.

Defn: A reacting jolt or shock; a rebound or recoil. [R.]
These inward rejolts and recoilings of the mind. South.

REJOLT
Re*jolt", v. t.

Defn: To jolt or shake again. Locke.

REJOURN
Re*journ" (r-jrn"), v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. réajourner. See Adjourn.]

Defn: To adjourn; to put off. [Obs.] Shak.

REJOURNMENT
Re*journ"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: Adjournment. [Obs.]

REJUDGE
Re*judge" (r-jj"), v. t.

Defn: To judge again; to re
Rejudge his acts, and dignify disgrace. Pope.

REJUVENATE
Re*ju"ve*nate (r-j"v-nt), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- re- + L. juventis
young, youthful.]

Defn: To render young again.

REJUVENATED
Re*ju"ve*na`ted, p. a. from Rejuvenate.

1. Rendered young again; as, rejuvenated life.

2.  (Phys. Geog.)
 (a) Stimulated by uplift to renewed erosive activity; -- said of
streams.
 (b) Developed with steep slopes inside a district previously worn
down nearly to base level; -- said of topography, or features of
topography, as valleys, hills, etc.

REJUVENATION
Re*ju`ve*na"tion (-n"shn), n.

Defn: Rejuvenescence.

REJUVENESCENCE
Re*ju`ve*nes"cence (-ns"sens), n.

1. A renewing of youth; the state of being or growing young again.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A method of cell formation in which the entire protoplasm of an
old cell escapes by rupture of the cell wall, and then develops a new
cell wall. It is seen sometimes in the formation of zo

REJUVENESCENCY
Re*ju`ve*nes"cen*cy (-sen-s), n.

Defn: Rejuvenescence.

REJUVENESCENT
Re*ju`ve*nes"cent (-sent), a.

Defn: Becoming, or causing to become, rejuvenated; rejuvenating.

REJUVENIZE
Re*ju`ve*nize (r-j"v-nz), v. t.

Defn: To rejuvenate.

REKINDLE
Re*kin"dle (r-kn"d'l), v. t. & i.

Defn: To kindle again.

REKNE
Rek"ne (rk"ne), v. t.

Defn: To reckon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RELADE
Re*lade" (r-ld"), v. t.

Defn: To lade or load again.

RELAID
Re*laid" (r-ld),

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Relay.

RELAIS
Re*lais" (re-l"), n. Etym: [F. See Relay, n.] (Fort.)

Defn: A narrow space between the foot of the rampart and the scarp of
the ditch, serving to receive the earth that may crumble off or be
washed down, and prevent its falling into the ditch. Wilhelm.

RELAND
Re*land" (r-lnd"), v. t.

Defn: To land again; to put on land, as that which had been shipped
or embarked.

RELAND
Re*land", v. i.

Defn: To go on shore after having embarked; to land again.

RELAPSE
Re*lapse" (r-lps"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Relapsed (-lpst"); p. pr. &
vb. n. Relapsing.] Etym: [L.relapsus, p. p. of relabi to slip back,
to relapse; pref. re- re- + labi to fall, slip, slide. See Lapse.]

1. To slip or slide back, in a literal sense; to turn back. [Obs.]
Dryden.

2. To slide or turn back into a former state or practice; to fall
back from some condition attained; -- generally in a bad sense, as
from a state of convalescence or amended condition; as, to relaps
into a stupor, into vice, or into barbarism; -- sometimes in a good
sense; as, to relapse into slumber after being disturbed.
That task performed, [preachers] relapse into themselves. Cowper.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: To fall from Christian faith into paganism, heresy, or
unbelief; to backslide.
They enter into the justified state, and so continue all along,
unless they relapse. Waterland.

RELAPSE
Re*lapse", n. Etym: [For sense 2 cf. F. relaps. See Relapse, v.]

1. A sliding or falling back, especially into a former bad state,
either of body or morals; backsliding; the state of having fallen
back.
Alas! from what high hope to what relapse Unlooked for are we fallen!
Milton.

2. One who has relapsed, or fallen back, into error; a backlider;
specifically, one who, after recanting error, returns to it again.
[Obs.]

RELAPSER
Re*laps"er (-lps"r), n.

Defn: One who relapses. Bp. Hall.

RELAPSING
Re*laps"ing, a.

Defn: Marked by a relapse; falling back; tending to return to a
former worse state. Relapsing fever (Med.), an acute, epidemic,
contagious fever, which prevails also endemically in Ireland, Russia,
and some other regions. It is marked by one or two remissions of the
fever, by articular and muscular pains, and by the presence, during
the paroxism of spiral bacterium (Spirochæte) in the blood. It is not
usually fatal. Called also famine fever, and recurring fever.

RELATE
Re*late" (r-lt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Related; p. pr. & vb. n.
Relating.] Etym: [F. relater to recount, LL. relatare, fr. L.
relatus, used as p. p. of referre. See Elate, and cf. Refer.]

1. To bring back; to restore. [Obs.]
Abate your zealous haste, till morrow next again Both light of heaven
and strength of men relate. Spenser.

2. To refer; to ascribe, as to a source. [Obs. or R.]

3. To recount; to narrate; to tell over.
This heavy act with heavy heart relate. Shak.

4. To ally by connection or kindred. To relate one's self, to vent
thoughts in words. [R.]

Syn.
 -- To tell; recite; narrate; recount; rehearse; report; detail;
describe.

RELATE
Re*late", v. i.

1. To stand in some relation; to have bearing or concern; to pertain;
to refer; -- with to.
All negative or privative words relate positive ideas. Locke.

2. To make reference; to take account. [R.& Obs.]
Reckoning by the years of their own consecration without relating to
any imperial account. Fuller.

RELATED
Re*lat"ed (-lt"d), p. p. & a.

1. Allied by kindred; connected by blood or alliance, particularly by
consanguinity; as, persons related in the first or second degree.

2. Standing in relation or connection; as, the electric and magnetic
forcec are closely related.

3. Narrated; told.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: Same as Relative, 4.

RELATEDNESS
Re*lat"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being related; relationship;
affinity. [R.] Emerson.

RELATER
Re*lat"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who relates or narrates.

RELATION
Re*la"tion (r-l"shn), n. Etym: [F. relation, L. relatio. See Relate.]

1. The act of relating or telling; also, that which is related;
recital; account; narration; narrative; as, the relation of
historical events.
relation doth well figure them. Bacon.

2. The state of being related or of referring; what is apprehended as
appertaining to a being or quality, by considering it in its bearing
upon something else; relative quality or condition; the being such
and such with regard or respect to some other thing; connection; as,
the relation of experience to knowledge; the relation of master to
servant.
Any sort of connection which is perceived or imagined between two or
more things, or any comparison which is made by the mind, is a
relation. I. Taylor.

3. Reference; respect; regard.
I have been importuned to make some observations on this art in
relation to its agreement with poetry. Dryden.

4. Connection by consanguinity or affinity; kinship; relationship;
as, the relation of parents and children.
Relations dear, and all the charities Of father, son, and brother,
first were known. Milton.

5. A person connected by cosanguinity or affinity; a relative; a
kinsman or kinswoman.
For me . . . my relation does not care a rush. Ld. Lytton.

6. (Law)
(a) The carrying back, and giving effect or operation to, an act or
proceeding frrom some previous date or time, by a sort of fiction, as
if it had happened or begun at that time. In such case the act is
said to take effect by relation.
(b) The act of a relator at whose instance a suit is begun. Wharton.
Burrill.

Syn.
 -- Recital; rehearsal; narration; account; narrative; tale; detail;
description; kindred; kinship; consanguinity; affinity; kinsman;
kinswoman.

RELATIONAL
Re*la"tion*al (r-l"shn-al), a.

1. Having relation or kindred; related.
We might be tempted to take these two nations for relational stems.
Tooke.

2. Indicating or specifying some relation.
Relational words, as prepositions, auxiliaries, etc. R. Morris.

RELATIONIST
Re*la"tion*ist, n.

Defn: A relative; a relation. [Obs.]

RELATIONSHIP
Re*la"tion*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being related by kindred, affinity, or other
alliance. Mason.

RELATIVE
Rel"a*tive (rl"-tv), a. Etym: [F. relatif, L. relativus. See Relate.]

1. Having relation or reference; referring; respecting; standing in
connection; pertaining; as, arguments not relative to the subject.
I'll have grounds More relative than this. Shak.

2. Arising from relation; resulting from connection with, or
reference to, something else; not absolute.
Every thing sustains both an absolute and a relative capacity: an
absolute, as it is such a thing, endued with such a nature; and a
relative, as it is a part of the universe, and so stands in such a
relations to the whole. South.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: Indicating or expressing relation; refering to an antecedent;
as, a relative pronoun.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: Characterizing or pertaining to chords and keys, which, by
reason of the identify of some of their tones, admit of a natural
transition from one to the other. Moore (Encyc. of Music). Relative
clause (Gram.), a clause introduced by a relative pronoun.
 -- Relative term, a term which implies relation to, as guardian to
ward, matter to servant, husband to wife. Cf. Correlative.

RELATIVE
Rel"a*tive, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, relates to, or is considered in its
relation to, something else; a relative object or term; one of two
object or term; one of two objects directly connected by any
relation. Specifically:
(a) A person connected by blood or affinity; strictly, one allied by
blood; a relation; a kinsman or kinswoman. "Confining our care . . .
to ourselves and relatives." Bp. Fell.
(b) (Gram.) A relative prnoun; a word which relates to, or
represents, another word or phrase, called its antecedent; as, the
relatives " who", "which", "that".

RELATIVELY
Rel"a*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a relative manner; in relation or respect to something else;
not absolutely.
Consider the absolute affections of any being as it is in itself,
before you consider it relatively. I. Watts.

RELATIVENESS
Rel"a*tive*ness, n

Defn: The state of being relative, or having relation; relativity.

RELATIVITY
Rel`a*tiv"i*ty (-tv"-t), n.

Defn: The state of being relative; as, the relativity of a subject.
Coleridge.

RELATOR
Re*lat"or (r-lt"r), n. Etym: [ L.: cf. F. relateur. See Relate.]

1. One who relates; a relater. "The several relators of this
history." Fuller.

2. (Law)

Defn: A private person at whose relation, or in whose behalf, the
attorney-general allows an information in the nature of a quo
warranto to be filed.

RELATRIX
Re*lat"rix (-rks), n. Etym: [L.] (Law)

Defn: A female relator.

RELAX
Re*lax" (r-lks"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Relaxed (-lkst"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Relaxing.] Etym: [L. relaxare; pref. re- re- + laxare to loose, to
slacken, from laxus loose. See Lax, and cf. Relay, n., Release.]

1. To make lax or loose; to make less close, firm, rigid, tense, or
the like; to slacken; to loosen; to open; as, to relax a rope or
cord; to relax the muscles or sinews.
Horror . . . all his joints relaxed. Milton.
Nor served it to relax their serried files. Milton.

2. To make less severe or rogorous; to abate the stringency of; to
remit in respect to strenuousness, esrnestness, or effort; as, to
relax discipline; to relax one's attention or endeavors.
The stature of mortmain was at several times relaxed by the
legilature. Swift.

3. Hence, to relieve from attention or effort; to ease; to recreate;
to divert; as, amusement relaxes the mind.

4. To relieve from constipation; to loosen; to open; as, an aperient
relaxes the bowels.

Syn.
 -- To slacken; loosen; loose; remit; abate; mitigate; ease; unbend;
divert.

RELAX
Re*lax", v. i.

1. To become lax, weak, or loose; as, to let one's grasp relax.
His knees relax with toil. Pope.

2. To abate in severity; to become less rigorous.
In others she relaxed again, And governed with a looser rein. Prior.

3. To remit attention or effort; to become less diligent; to unbend;
as, to relax in study.

RELAX
Re*lax", n.

Defn: Relaxation. [Obs.] Feltham.

RELAX
Re**lax", a.

Defn: Relaxed; lax; hence, remiss; careless.

RELAXABLE
Re*lax"a*ble (--b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being relaxed.

RELAXANT
Re*lax"ant (r-lks"ant), n. Etym: [L. relaxans, p. pr. of relaxare.]
(Med.)

Defn: A medicine that relaxes; a laxative.

RELAXATION
Re`lax*a"tion (r`lks-"shn;277), n. Etym: [L. relaxatio; cf. F.
relaxation.]

1. The act or process of relaxing, or the state of being relaxed; as,
relaxation of the muscles; relaxation of a law.

2. Remission from attention and effort; indulgence in recreation,
diversion, or amusement. "Hours of careless relaxation." Macaulay.

RELAXATIVE
Re*lax"a*tive (r-lks"-tv), a.

Defn: Having the quality of relaxing; laxative.
 -- n.

Defn: A relaxant. B. Jonson.

RELAY
Re*lay" (r-l"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Relaid (-ld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Relaying.] Etym: [Pref re- + lay, v.]

Defn: To lay again; to lay a second time; as, to relay a pavement.

RELAY
Re*lay" (r-l"), n. Etym: [F. relais (cf. OF. relais relaxation,
discontinuance, It. rilascio release, relief, rilasso relay), fr. OF.
relaissier to abandon, release, fr. L. relaxare. See Relax.]

1. A supply of anything arranged beforehand for affording relief from
time to time, or at successive stages; provision for successive
relief. Specifically: (a) A supply of horses placced at stations to
be in readiness to relieve others, so that a trveler may proceed
without delay. (b) A supply of hunting dogs or horses kept in
readiness at certain places to relive the tired dogs or horses, and
to continnue the pursuit of the game if it comes that way. (c) A
number of men who relieve others in carrying on some work.

2. (Elec.)

Defn: In various forms of telegrapfhic apparatus, a megnet which
receives the circuit current, and is caused by it to bring into into
action the power of a local battery for performing the work of making
the record; also, a similar device by which the current in one
circuit is made to open or close another circuit in which a current
is passing. Relay battery (Elec.), the local battery which is brought
into use by the action of the relay magnet, or relay.

RELAY CYLINDER
Relay cylinder.

Defn: In a variable expansion central-valve engine, a small auxiliary
engine for automatically adjusting the steam distribution to the load
on the main engine.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]

RELAY GOVERNOR
Relay governor.

Defn: A speed regulator, as a water-wheel governor, embodying the
relay principle.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]

RELBUN
Rel"bun (rl"bn), n.

Defn: The roots of the Chilian plant Calceolaria arachnoidea, -- used
for dyeing crimson.

RELEASABLE
Re*leas"a*ble (r-ls"-b'l), a.

Defn: That may be released.

RELEASE
Re*lease" (r-ls"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re + lease to let.]

Defn: To lease again; to grant a new lease of; to let back.

RELEASE
Re*lease" (r-ls"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Released (r*lst"); p. pr. &
vb. n. Releasing.] Etym: [OE. relessen, OF. relassier, to release, to
let free. See Relay, n., Relax, and cf. Release to lease again.]

1. To let loose again; to set free from restraint, confinement, or
servitude; to give liberty to, or to set at liberty; to let go.
Now at that feast he released unto them one prisoner, whomsoever they
desired. Mark xv. 6.

2. To relieve from something that confines, burdens, or oppresses, as
from pain, trouble, obligation, penalty.

3. (Law)

Defn: To let go, as a legal claim; to discharge or relinquish a right
to, as lands or tenements, by conveying to another who has some right
or estate in possession, as when the person in remainder releases his
right to the tenant in possession; to quit.

4. To loosen; to relax; to remove the obligation of; as, to release
an ordinance. [Obs.] Hooker.
A sacred vow that none should aye Spenser.

Syn.
 -- To free; liberate; loose; discharge; disengage; extracate; let
go; quit; acquit.

RELEASE
Re*lease", n.

1. The act of letting loose or freeing, or the state of being let
loose or freed; liberation or discharge from restraint of any kind,
as from confinement or bondage. "Who boast'st release from hell."
Milton.

2. Relief from care, pain, or any burden.

3. Discharge from obligation or responsibility, as from debt,
penalty, or claim of any kind; acquittance.

4. (Law)

Defn: A giving up or relinquishment of some right or claim; a
conveyance of a man's right in lands or tenements to another who has
some estate in possession; a quitclaim. Blackstone.

5. (Steam Engine)

Defn: The act of opening the exhaust port to allow the steam to
escape. Lease and release. (Law) See under Lease.
 -- Out of release, without cessation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- Liberation; freedom; discharge. See Death.

RELEASEE
Re*leas`ee" (-"), n.

Defn: One to whom a release is given.

RELEASEMENT
Re*lease"ment (r-ls"ment), n.

Defn: The act of releasing, as from confinement or obligation.
Milton.

RELEASER
Re*leas"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who releases, or sets free.

RELEASOR
Re*leas"or (-r), n.

Defn: One by whom a release is given.

RELEGATE
Rel"e*gate (rl"-gt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Relegated (-g`td); p. pr. &
vb. n. Relegating.] Etym: [L. relegatus, p. p. of relegare; pref. re-
re- + legare to send with a commission or charge. See Legate.]

Defn: To remove, usually to an inferior position; to consign; to
transfer; specifically, to send into exile; to banish.
It [the Latin language] was relegated into the study of the scholar.
Milman.

RELEGATION
Rel`e*ga"tion (-g"shn), n. Etym: [L. relegatio: cf. F. rel.]

Defn: The act of relegating, or the state of being relegated;
removal; banishment; exile.

RELENT
Re*lent" (r-lnt"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Relented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Relenting.] Etym: [F. ralentir, fr. L. pref. re- re- + ad to + lentus
pliant, flexible, slow. See Lithe.]

1. To become less rigid or hard; to yield; to dissolve; to melt; to
deliquesce. [Obs.]
He stirred the coals till relente gan The wax again the fire.
Chaucer.
[Salt of tartar] placed in a cellar will . . . begin to relent.
Boyle.
When opening buds salute the welcome day, And earth, relenting, feels
the genial ray. Pope.

2. To become less severe or intense; to become less hard, harsh,
cruel, or the like; to soften in temper; to become more mild and
tender; to feel compassion.
Can you . . . behold My sighs and tears, and will not once relent
Shak.

RELENT
Re*lent", v. t.

1. To slacken; to abate. [Obs.]
And oftentimes he would relent his pace. Spenser.

2. To soften; to dissolve. [Obs.]

3. To mollify ; to cause to be less harsh or severe. [Obs.]

RELENT
Re*lent" (r-lnt"), n.

Defn: Stay; stop; delay. [Obs.]
Nor rested till she came without relent Unto the land of Amazona.
Spenser.

RELENTLESS
Re*lent"less, a.

Defn: Unmoved by appeals for sympathy or forgiveness; insensible to
the distresses of others; destitute of tenderness; unrelenting;
unyielding; unpitying; as, a prey to relentless despotism.
For this the avenging power employs his darts,.. Thus will persist,
relentless in his ire. Dryden.
-- Re*lent"less*ly, adv.
 -- Re*lent"less*ness, n.

RELENTMENT
Re*lent"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act or process of retenting; the state of having relented.
Sir T. Browne.

RELESSE
Re*lesse" (r-ls"), v. t.

Defn: To release. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RELESSEE
Re`les*see" (r`ls-s"), n.

Defn: See Releasee.

RELESSOR
Re`les*sor" (-sr"), n.

Defn: See Releasor.

RE-LET
Re-let" (r-lt"), v. t.

Defn: To let anew, as a hous.

RELEVANCE; RELEVANCY
Rel"e*vance, Rel"e*van*cy, n.

1. The quality or state of being relevant; pertinency; applicability.
Its answer little meaning, little relevancy bore. Poe.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: Sufficiency to infer the conclusion.

RELEVANT
Rel"e*vant (-vant), a. Etym: [F. relevant, p. pr. of relever to raise
again, to relieve. See Relieve.]

1. Relieving; lending aid or support. [R.] Pownall.

2. Bearing upon, or properly applying to, the case in hand;
pertinent; applicable.
Close and relevant arguments have very little hold on the passions.
Sydney Smith.

3. (SScots Law)

Defn: Sufficient to support the cause.

RELEVANTLY
Rel"e*vant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a relevant manner.

RELEVATION
Rel`e*va"tion (-v"shn), n. Etym: [L. relevatio, fr. relevare. See
Relieve.]

Defn: A raising or lifting up. [Obs.]

RELIABILITY
Re*li`a*bil"i*ty (r-l`-bl"-t), n.

Defn: The state or quality of being reliable; reliableness.

RELIABLE
Re*li"a*ble (r-l"-b'l), a.

Defn: Suitable or fit to be relied on; worthy of dependance or
reliance; trustworthy. "A reliable witness to the truth of the
miracles." A. Norton.
The best means, and most reliable pledge, of a higher object.
Coleridge.
According to General Livingston's humorous account, his own village
of Elizabethtown was not much more reliable, being peopled in those
agitated times by "unknown, unrecommended strangers, guilty-looking
Tories, and very knavish Whigs." W. Irving.

Note: Some authors take exception to this word, maintaining that it
is unnecessary, and irregular in formation. It is, however,
sanctioned by the practice of many careful writers as a most
convenient substitute for the phrase to be relied upon, and a useful
synonym for trustworthy, which is by preference applied to persons,
as reliable is to things, such as an account, statement, or the like.
The objection that adjectives derived from neuter verbs do not admit
of a passive sense is met by the citation of laughable, worthy of
being laughed at, from the neuter verb to laugh; available, fit or
able to be availed of, from the neuter verb to avail; dispensable,
capable of being dispensed with, from the neuter verb to dispense.
Other examples might be added.
 -- Re*li"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Re*li"a*bly, adv.

RELIANCE
Re*li"ance (-ans), n. Etym: [From Rely.]

1. The act of relying, or the condition or quality of being reliant;
dependence; confidence; trust; repose of mind upon what is deemed
sufficient support or authority.
In reliance on promises which proved to be of very little value.
Macaulay.

2. Anything on which to rely; dependence; ground of trust; as, the
boat was a poor reliance. Richardson.

RELIANT
Re*li"ant (-ant), a.

Defn: Having, or characterized by, reliance; confident; trusting.

RELIC
Rel"ic (rl"k), n. Etym: [F. relique, from L. reliquiae, pl., akin to
relinquere to leave behind. See Relinquish.] [Formerly written also
relique.]

1. That which remains; that which is left after loss or decay; a
remaining portion; a remnant. Chaucer. Wyclif.
The relics of lost innocence. Kebe.
The fragments, scraps, the bits and greasy relics. Shak.

2. The body from which the soul has departed; a corpse; especially,
the body, or some part of the body, of a deceased saint or martyr; --
usually in the plural when referring to the whole body.
There are very few treasuries of relics in Italy that have not a
tooth or a bone of this saint. Addison.
Thy relics, Rowe, to this fair urn we trust, And sacred place by
Dryden's awful dust. Pope.

3. Hence, a memorial; anything preserved in remembrance; as, relics
of youthful days or friendships.
The pearis were split; Some lost, some stolen, some as relics kept.
Tennyson.

RELICLY
Rel"ic*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of relics. [Obs.]

RELICT
Rel"ict (-kt), n. Etym: [L. relicta, fr. of relictus, p. p. of
relinquere to leave behind. See Relinquish.]

Defn: A woman whose husband is dead; a widow.
Eli dying without issue, Jacob was obbliged by law to marry his
relict, and so to raise up seed to his brother Eli. South.

RELICTED
Re*lict"ed (r-lkt"d), a. Etym: [L. relictus, p. p.] (Law)

Defn: Left uncovered, as land by recession of water. Bouvier.

RELICTION
Re*lic"tion (r-lk"shn), n. Etym: [L. relictio a leaving behind.]
(Law)

Defn: A leaving dry; a recession of the sea or other water, leaving
dry land; land left uncovered by such recession. Burrill.

RELIEF
Re*lief" (r-lf"), n. Etym: [OE. relef, F. relief, properly, a lifting
up, a standing out. See Relieve, and cf. Basrelief, Rilievi.]

1. The act of relieving, or the state of being relieved; the removal,
or partial removal, of any evil, or of anything oppressive or
burdensome, by which some ease is obtained; succor; alleviation;
comfort; ease; redress.
He seec the dire contagion spread so fast, That, where it seizes, all
relief is vain. Dryden.

2. Release from a post, or from the performance of duty, by the
intervention of others, by discharge, or by relay; as, a relief of a
sentry.
For this relief much thanks; ;tis bitter cold. Shak.

3. That which removes or lessenc evil, pain, discomfort, uneasiness,
etc.; that which gives succor, aid, or comfort; also, the person who
relieves from performance of duty by taking the place of another; a
relay.

4. (Feudal Law)

Defn: A fine or composition which the heir of a deceased tenant paid
to the lord for the privilege of taking up the estate, which, on
strict feudal principles, had lapsed or fallen to the lord on the
death of the tenant.

5. (Sculp. & Arch.)

Defn: The projection of a figure above the ground or plane on wwhich
it is formed.

Note: Relief is of three kinds, namely, high relief (altorilievo),
low relief, (basso-rilievo), and demirelief (mezzo-rilievo). See
these terms in the Vocabulary.

6. (Paint.)

Defn: The appearance of projection given by shading, shadow, etc., to
any figure.

7. (Fort.)

Defn: The height to which works are raised above the bottom of the
ditch. Wilhelm.

8. (Physical Geog.)

Defn: The elevations and surface undulations of a country. Guyot.
Relief valve, a valve arranged for relieving pressure of steam, gas,
or liquid; an escape valve.

Syn.
 -- Alleviation; mitigation; aid; help; succor; assistance; remedy;
redress; indemnification.

RELIEFFUL
Re*lief"ful (r-lf"fl), a.

Defn: Giving relief. [Obs.]

RELIEFLESS
Re*lief"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of relief; also, remediless.

RELIER
Re*li"er (r-l"r), n. Etym: [From Rely.]

Defn: One who relies.

RELIEVABLE
Re*liev"a*ble (r-lv"-b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being relieved; fitted to recieve relief. Sir M.
Hale.

RELIEVE
Re*lieve" (r-lv"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Relieved (-lvd"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Relieving.] Etym: [OE. releven, F. relever to raise again,
discharge, relieve, fr. L. relevare to lift up, raise, make light,
relieve; pref. re- re- + levare to raise, fr. levis light. See
Levity, and cf. Relevant, Relief.]

1. To lift up; to raise again, as one who has fallen; to cause to
rise. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. To cause to seem to rise; to put in relief; to give prominence or
conspicuousness to; to
Her tall figure relieved against the blue sky; seemed almost of
supernatural height. Sir W. Scott.

3. To raise up something in; to introduce a contrast or variety into;
to remove the monotony or sameness of.
The poet must . . . sometimes relieve the subject with a moral
reflection. Addison.

4. To raise or remove, as anything which depresses, weighs down, or
cruches; to render less burdensome or afflicting; to allevate; to-
abate; to mitigate; to lessen; as, to relieve pain; to relieve the
wants of the poor.

5. To free, wholly or partly, from any burden, trial, evil, distress,
or the like; to give ease, comfort, or consolation to; to give aid,
help, or succor to; to support, strengthen, or deliver; as, to
relieve a besieged town.
Now lend assistance and relieve the poor. Dryden.

6. To release from a post, station, or duty; to put another in place
of, or to take the place of, in the bearing of any burden, or
discharge of any duty.
Who hath relieved you Shak.

7. To ease of any imposition, burden, wrong, or oppression, by
judicial or legislative interposition, as by the removal of a
grievance, by indemnification for losses, or the like; to right.

Syn.
 -- To alleviate; assuage; succor; assist; aid; help; support;
substain; ease; mitigate; lighten; diminish; remove; free; remedy;
redress; indemnify.

RELIEVEMENT
Re*lieve"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act of relieving, or the state of being relieved; relief;
release. [Archaic.]

RELIEVER
Re*liev"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, relieves.

RELIEVING
Re*liev"ing, a.

Defn: Serving or tending to relieve. Relieving arch (Arch.), a
discharging arch. See under Discharge, v. t.
 -- Relieving tackle. (Naut.) (a) A temporary tackle attached to the
tiller of a vessel during gales or an action, in case of accident to
the tiller ropes. (b) A strong tackle from a wharf to a careened
vessel, to prevent her from going over entirely, and to assist in
righting her. Totten. Craig.

RELIEVO
Re*lie"vo (r-l"v), n. Etym: [It. rilievo.]

Defn: See Relief, n., 5.

RELIGHT
Re*light" (r-lt"), v. t.

Defn: To light or kindle anew.

RELIGIEUSE; RELIGIEUX
Re*li`gi`euse", n. f. Re*li`gi`eux", n. m.Etym: [F.]

Defn: A person bound by monastic vows; a nun; a monk.

RELIGION
Re*li"gion (r-lj"n), n. Etym: [F., from L. religio; cf. religens
pious, revering the gods, Gr. Neglect.]

1. The outward act or form by which men indicate their recognition of
the existence of a god or of gods having power over their destiny, to
whom obedience, service, and honor are due; the feeling or expression
of human love, fear, or awe of some superhuman and overruling power,
whether by profession of belief, by observance of rites and
ceremonies, or by the conduct of life; a system of faith and worship;
a manifestation of piety; as, ethical religions; monotheistic
religions; natural religion; revealed religion; the religion of the
Jews; the religion of idol worshipers.
An orderly life so far as others are able to observe us is now and
then produced by prudential motives or by dint of habit; but without
seriousness there can be no religious principle at the bottom, no
course of conduct from religious motives; in a word, there can be no
religion. Paley.
Religion [was] not, as too often now, used as equivalent for
godliness; but . . . it expressed the outer form and embodiment which
the inward spirit of a true or a false devotion assumed. Trench.
Religions, by which are meant the modes of sdivine worship proper to
different tribes, nations, or communities, and based on the belief
held in common by the members of them severally . . . There is no
living religion without something like a doctrine. On the other hand,
a doctrine, however elaborate, does not constitute a religion. C. P.
Tiele (Encyc. Brit. ).
Religion . . . means the conscious relation between man and God, and
the expression of that relation in human conduct. J. Köstlin (Schaff-
Herzog Encyc. )
After the most straitest sect of our religion I lived a Pharisce.
Acts xxvi. 5.
The image of a brute, adorned With gay religions full of pomp and
gold. Milton.

2. Specifically, conformity in faith and life to the precepts
inculcated in the Bible, respecting the conduct of life and duty
toward God and man; the Christian faith and practice.
Let us with caution indulge the supposition that morality can be
maintained without religion. Washington.
Religion will attend you . . . as pleasant and useful companion in
every proper place, and every temperate occupation of life.
Buckminster.

3. (R.C.CH.)

Defn: A monastic or religious order subject to a regulated mode of
life; the religious state; as, to enter religion. Trench.
A good man was there of religion. Chaucer.

4. Strictness of fidelity in conforming to any practice, as if it
were an enjoined rule of conduct. [R.]
Those parts of pleading which in ancient times might perhaps be
material, but at this time are become only mere styles and forms, are
still continued with much religion. Sir M. Hale.

Note: Religion, as distinguished from theology, is subjective,
designating the feelings and acts of men which relate to God; while
theology is objective, and denotes those ideas which man entertains
respecting the God whom he worships, especially his systematized
views of God. As distinguished from morality, religion denotes the
influences and motives to human duty which are found in the character
and will of God, while morality describes the duties to man, to which
true religion always influences. As distinguished from piety,
religion is a high sense of moral obligation and spirit of reverence
or worship which affect the heart of man with respect to the Deity,
while piety, which first expressed the feelings of a child toward a
parent, is used for that filial sentiment of veneration and love
which we owe to the Father of all. As distinguished from sanciti,
religion is the means by which sanctity is achieved, sanctity
denoting primarily that purity of heart and life which results from
habitual communion with God, and a sense of his continual presence.
Natural religion, a religion based upon the evidences of a God and
his qualities, which is supplied by natural phenomena. See Natural
theology, under Natural.
 -- Religion of humanity, a name sometimes given to a religion
founded upon positivism as a philosophical basis.
 -- Revealed religion, that which is based upon direct communication
of God's will to mankind; especially, the Christian religion, based
on the revelations recorded in the Old and New Testaments.

RELIGIONARY
Re*li"gion*a*ry (r-lj"n--r), a.

Defn: Relating to religion; pious; as, religionary professions.
[Obs.]

RELIGIONARY; RELIGIONER
Re*li"gion*a*ry, Re*li"gion*er (-r), n.

Defn: A religionist. [R.]

RELIGIONISM
Re*li"gion*ism (-z'm), n.

1. The practice of, or devotion to, religion.

2. Affectation or pretense of religion.

RELIGIONIST
Re*li"gion*ist, n.

Defn: One earnestly devoted or attached to a religion; a religious
zealot.
The chief actors on one side were, and were to be, the Puritan
religionists. Palfrey.
It might be that an Antinomian, a Quaker, or other
heterodoreligionists, was to be scourged out of the town. Hawthorne.

RELIGIONIZE
Re*li"gion*ize (-z), v. t.

Defn: To bring under the influence of religion. [R.] Mallock.

RELIGIONLESS
Re*li"gion*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of religion.

RELIGIOSITY
Re*lig`i*os"i*ty (-lj`-s"-t), n. Etym: [L. religiositas: cf. F.
religiosit.]

Defn: The quality of being religious; religious feeling or sentiment;
religiousness. [R.] M. Arnold.

RELIGIOUS
Re*li"gious (r-lj"s), a. Etym: [OF. religius, religious, F.
religieux, from L. religiosus. See Religion.]

1. Of or pertaining to religion; concerned with religion; teaching,
or setting forth, religion; set apart to religion; as, a religious
society; a religious sect; a religious place; religious subjects,
books, teachers, houses, wars.
Our law forbids at their religious rites My presence. Milton.

2. Possessing, or conforming to, religion; pious; godly; as, a
religious man, life, behavior, etc.
Men whose lives Religious titled them the sons of God. Mlton

3. Scrupulously faithful or exact; strict.
Thus, Indianlike, Religious in my error, I adore The sun, that looks
upon his worshiper. Shak.

4. Belonging to a religious order; bound by vows.
One of them is religious. Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- Pious; godly; holy; devout; devotional; conscientious; strict;
rogod; exact.

RELIGIOUS
Re*li"gious, n.

Defn: A person bound by monastic vows, or sequestered from secular
concern, and devoted to a life of piety and religion; a monk or
friar; a nun. Addison.

RELIGIOUSLY
Re*li"gious*ly, adv.

Defn: In a religious manner. Drayton.

RELIGIOUSNESS
Re*li"gious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being religious.

RELIK
Rel"ik (rl"k), n.

Defn: Relic. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RELINQUENT
Re*lin"quent (r-ln"kwent), a. Etym: [L. relinquens, p. pr. of
relinqquere. See Relinquish.]

Defn: Relinquishing. [R.]

RELINQUENT
Re*lin"quent, n.

Defn: One who relinquishes. [R.]

RELINQUISH
Re*lin"quish (-kwsh), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Relinquished (-kwsht); p.
pr. & vb. n. Relinquishing.] Etym: [OF. relinquir, L. relinquere to
leave behind; pref. re- re + linquere to leave. See Loan, and cf.
Relic, Relict.]

1. To withdraw from; to leave behind; to desist from; to abandon; to
quit; as, to relinquish a pursuit.
We ought to relinquish such rites. Hooker.
They placed Irish tenants upon the lands relinquished by the English.
Sir J. Davies.

2. To give up; to renounce a claim to; resign; as, to relinquish a
debt.

Syn.
 -- To resign; leave; quit; forsake; abandon; desert; renounce;
forbResign.

RELINQUISHER
Re*lin"quish*er (-rr), n.

Defn: One who relinquishes.

RELINQUISHMENT
Re*lin"quish*ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act of relinquishing.

RELIQUARY
Rel"i*qua*ry (rl"-kw-r), n.; pl. -ries (-rîz). Etym:
[LL.reliquiarium, reliquiare: cf. F. reliquaire. See Relic.]

Defn: A depositary, often a small box or casket, in which relics are
kept.

RELIQUE
Re*lique" (r-lk"), n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Relic. Chaucer.

RELIQUIAE
Re*liq"ui*æ (r-lk"w-), n.pl. Etym: [L. See Relic.]

1. Remains of the dead; organic remains; relics.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Induviæ.

RELIQUIAN
Re*liq"ui*an (r-lk"w-an), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a relic or relics; of the nature of a
relic. [R.]

RELIQUIDATE
Re*liq"ui*date (r-lk"w-dt), v. t.

Defn: To liquidate anew; to adjust a second time.

RELIQUIDATION
Re*liq`ui*da"tion (-d*"shn), n.

Defn: A second or renewed liquidation; a renewed adjustment. A.
Hamilton.

RELISH
Rel"ish (rl"sh), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Relished (-; p. pr. & vb. n.
Relishing.] Etym: [Of. relechier to lick or taste anew; pref. re- re-
+ lechier to lick, F. l. See Lecher, Lick.]

1. To taste or eat with pleasure; to like the flavor of; to partake
of with gratification; hence, to enjoy; to be pleased with or
gratified by; to experience pleasure from; as, to relish food.
Now I begin to relish thy advice. Shak.
He knows how to prize his advantages, and to relish the honors which
he enjoys. Atterbury.

2. To give a relish to; to cause to taste agreeably.
A savory bit that served to relish wine. Dryden.

RELISH
Rel"ish, v. i.

Defn: To have a pleasing or appetizing taste; to give gratification;
to have a flavor.
Had I been the finder-out of this secret, it would not have relished
among my other discredits. Shak.
A theory, which, how much soever it may relish of wit and invention,
hath no foundation in nature. Woodward.

RELISH
Rel"ish, n.

1. A pleasing taste; flavor that gratifies the palate; hence,
enjoyable quality; power of pleasing.
Much pleasure we have lost while we abstained From this delightful
fruit, nor known till now True relish, tasting. Milton.
When liberty is gone, Life grows insipid, and has lost its relish.
Addison.

2. Savor; quality; characteristic tinge.
It preserve some relish of old writing. Pope.

3. A taste for; liking; appetite; fondness.
A relish for whatever was excelent in arts. Macaulay.
I have a relish for moderate praise, because it bids fair to be
jCowper.

4. That which is used to impart a flavor; specifically, something
taken with food to render it more palatable or to stimulate the
appetite; a condiment.

Syn.
 -- Taste; savor; flavor; appetite; zest; gusto; liking; delight.

RELISH
Rel"ish, n. (Carp.)

Defn: The projection or shoulder at the side of, or around, a tenon,
on a tenoned piece. Knight.

RELISHABLE
Rel"ish*a*ble (--b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being relished; agreeable to the taste; gratifying.

RELIVE
Re*live" (r-lv"), v. i.

Defn: To live again; to revive.

RELIVE
Re*live", v. t.

Defn: To recall to life; to revive. [Obs.]

RELOAD
Re*load" (r-ld"), v. t.

Defn: To load again, as a gun.

RELOAN
Re*loan" (r-ln"), n.

Defn: A second lending of the same thing; a renewal of a loan.

RELOCATE
Re*lo"cate (r-l"kt), v. t.

Defn: To locate again.

RELOCATION
Re`lo*ca"tion (r`l*-k"shn), n.

1. A second location.

2. (Roman & Scots Law)

Defn: Renewal of a lease.

RELODGE
Re*lodge" (r-lj"), v. t.

Defn: To lodge again.

RELOVE
Re*love" (-lv"), v. t.

Defn: To love in return. [Obs.] Boyle.

RELUCENT
Re*lu"cent (r-l"sent), a. Etym: [L. relucens, p. pr. relucere. See
Lucent.]

Defn: Reflecting light; shining; glittering; glistening; bright;
luminous; splendid.
Gorgeous banners to the sun expand Their streaming volumes of
relucent gold. Glover.

RELUCT
Re*luct" (r-lkt"), v. i. Etym: [L. reluctari, p. p. reluctatus, to
struggle; pref. re- re- + luctari to struggle, fr. lucia a wresting.]

Defn: To strive or struggle against anything; to make resistance; to
draw back; to feel or show repugnance or reluctance.
Apt to reluct at the excesses of it [passion]. Walton.

RELUCTANCE; RELUCTANCY
Re*luc"tance, Re*luc"tan*cy, n. Etym: [See Reluctant.]

Defn: The state or quality of being reluctant; repugnance; aversion
of mind; unwillingness; -- often followed by an infinitive, or by to
and a noun, formerly sometimes by against. "Tempering the severity of
his looks with a reluctance to the action." Dryden.
He had some reluctance to obey the summons. Sir W. Scott.
Bear witness, Heaven, with what reluctancy Her helpless innocence I
doom to die. Dryden.

Syn. See Dislike.

RELUCTANT
Re*luc"tant (-tant), a. Etym: [L. reluctans, -antis, p. pr. of
reluctari. See Reluct.]

1. Striving against; opposed in desire; unwilling; disinclined; loth.
Reluctant, but in vain. Milton.
Reluctant now I touched the trembling string. Tickell.

2. Proceeding from an unwilling mind; granted with reluctance; as,
reluctant obedience. Mitford.

Syn.
 -- Averse; unwilling; loth; disinclined; repugnant; backward; coy.
See Averse.

RELUCTANTLY
Re*luc"tant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a reluctant manner.

RELUCTATE
Re*luc"tate (-tt), v. i. Etym: [See Reluct.]

Defn: To struggle against anything; to resist; to oppose. [Obs.] "To
delude their reluctating consciences." Dr. H. More.

RELUCTATION
Rel`uc*ta"tion (rl`k-t"shn), n.

Defn: Repugnance; resistance; reluctance. [Obs.] Bacon.

RELUCTIVITY
Rel`uc*tiv"i*ty, n. (Elec.)

Defn: Specific reluctance.

RELUME
Re*lume" (r-lm"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Relumed (-lmd"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Reluming.] Etym: [OF. relumer (cf. F. rallumer), L. reluminare;
pref. re- re- + luminare to light. Cf. Reillume.]

Defn: To rekindle; to light again.
Relumed her ancient light, not kindled new. Pope.
I know not where is that Promethean heat That can thy light relume.
Shak.

RELUMINE
Re*lu"mine (r-l"mn), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Relumined (-mnd); p. pr. &
vb. n. Relumining.] Etym: [See Relume.]

1. To light anew; to rekindle. Shak.

2. To illuminate again.

RELY
Re*ly" (r-l"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Relied (-ld"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Relying.] Etym: [Pref. re- + lie to rest.]

Defn: To rest with confidence, as when fully satisfied of the
veracity, integrity, or ability of persons, or of the certainty of
facts or of evidence; to have confidence; to trust; to depend; --
with on, formerly also with in.
Go in thy native innocence; rely On what thou hast of virtue. Milton.
On some fond breast the parting soul relies. Gray.

Syn.
 -- To trust; depend; confide; repose.

REMADE
Re*made" (r-md"),

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Remake.

REMAIN
Re*main" (r-mn"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Remained (-mnd"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Remaining.] Etym: [OF. remaindre, remanoir, L. remanere; pref. re-
re- + manere to stay, remain. See Mansion, and cf. Remainder,
Remnant.]

1. To stay behind while others withdraw; to be left after others have
been removed or destroyed; to be left after a number or quantity has
been subtracted or cut off; to be left as not included or comprised.
Gather up the fragments that remain. John vi. 12.
Of whom the greater part remain unto this present, but some are
fallen asleep. 1 Cor. xv. 6.
That . . . remains to be proved. Locke.

2. To continue unchanged in place, form, or condition, or
undiminished in quantity; to abide; to stay; to endure; to last.
Remain a widow at thy father's house. Gen. xxxviii. 11.
Childless thou art; childless remain. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To continue; stay; wait; tarry; rest; sojourn; dwell; abide;
last; endure.

REMAIN
Re*main", v. t.

Defn: To await; to be left to. [Archaic]
The easier conquest now remains thee. Milton.

REMAIN
Re*main" n.

1. State of remaining; stay. [Obs.]
Which often, since my here remain in England, I 've seen him do.
Shak.

2. That which is left; relic; remainder; -- chiefly in the plural.
"The remains of old Rome." Addison.
When this remain of horror has entirely subsided. Burke.

3. Specif., in the plural:
(a) That which is left of a human being after the life is gone;
relics; a dead body.
Old warriors whose adored remains In weeping vaults her hallowed
earth contains! Pope.

(b) The posthumous works or productions, esp. literary works, of one
who is dead; as, Cecil's Remains.

REMAINDER
Re*main"der (r-mn"dr), n. Etym: [OF. remaindre, inf. See Remain.]

1. Anything that remains, or is left, after the separation and
removal of a part; residue; remnant. "The last remainders of unhappy
Troy." Dryden.
If these decoctions be repeated till the water comes off clear, the
remainder yields no salt. Arbuthnot.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The quantity or sum that is left after subtraction, or after
any deduction.

3. (Law)

Defn: An estate in expectancy, generally in land, which becomes an
estate in possession upon the determination of a particular prior
estate, created at the same time, and by the same instrument; for
example, if land be conveyed to A for life, and on his death to B,
A's life interest is a particuar estate, and B's interest is a
remainder, or estate in remainder.

Syn.
 -- Balance; rest; residue; remnant; leavings.

REMAINDER
Re*main"der, a.

Defn: Remaining; left; left over; refuse.
Which is as dry as the remainder biscuit After a voyage. Shak.

REMAINDER-MAN
Re*main"der-man (- mân), n.; pl. Remainder-men (-mên). (Law)

Defn: One who has an estate after a particular estate is determined.
See Remainder, n., 3. Blackstone.

REMAKE
Re*make" (r-mk"), v. t.

Defn: To make anew.

REMAND
Re*mand" (r-mnd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Remanded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Remanding.] Etym: [F. remander to send word again, L. remandare;
pref. re- re- + mandare to commit, order, send word. See Mandate.]

Defn: To recommit; to send back.
Remand it to its former place. South.
Then were they remanded to the cage again. Bunyan.

REMAND
Re*mand", n.

Defn: The act of remanding; the order for recommitment.

REMANDMENT
Re*mand"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: A remand.

REMANENCE; REMANENCY
Rem"a*nence, Rem"a*nen*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. remanence, LL.
remanentia, fr. L. remanens. See Remanent, a.]

Defn: The state of being remanent; continuance; permanence. [R.] Jer.
Taylor.
The remanence of the will in the fallen spirit. Coleridge.

REMANENT
Rem"a*nent (-nent), n. Etym: [See Remanent, a.]

Defn: That which remains; a remnant; a residue.

REMANENT
Rem"a*nent, a. Etym: [L. remanens, p. pr. of remanere. See Remain,
and cf. Remnant.]

Defn: Remaining; residual.
That little hope that is remanent hath its degree according to the
infancy or growth of the habit. Jer. Taylor.
Remanent magnetism (Physics), magnetism which remains in a body that
has little coercive force after the magnetizing force is withdrawn,
as soft iron; -- called also residual magnetism.

REMANET
Rem"a*net (-nt), n. Etym: [L., it remains.] (Legal Practice)

Defn: A case for trial which can not be tried during the term; a
postponed case. [Eng.]

RE-MARK
Re-mark" (r-mrk"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + mark.]

Defn: To mark again, or a second time; to mark anew.

REMARK
Re*mark" (r-mrk"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Remarked (-mrkt"); p. pr. &
vb. n. Remarking.] Etym: [F. remarquer; pref. re- re- + marquer to
mark, marque a mark, of German origin, akin to E. mark. See Mark, v.&
n.]

1. To mark in a notable manner; to distinquish clearly; to make
noticeable or conspicuous; to piont out. [Obs.]
Thou art a man remarked to taste a mischief. Ford.
His manacles remark him; there he sits. Milton.

2. To take notice of, or to observe, mentally; as, to remark the
manner of a speaker.

3. To express in words or writing, as observed or noticed; to state;
to say; -- often with a substantive clause; as, he remarked that it
was time to go.

Syn.
 -- To observe; notice; heed; regard; note; say.
 -- Remark, Observe, Notice. To observe is to keep or hold a thing
distinctly before the mind. To remark is simply to mark or take note
of whatever may come up. To notice implies still less continuity of
attention. When we turn from these mental states to the expression of
them in language, we find the same distinction. An observation is
properly the result of somewhat prolonged thought; a remark is
usually suggested by some passing occurence; a notice is in most
cases something cursory and short. This distinction is not always
maintained as to remark and observe, which are often used
interchangeably. "Observing men may form many judgments by the rules
of similitude and proportion." I. Watts. "He can not distinguish
difficult and noble speculations from trifling and vulgar remarks."
Collier. "The thing to be regarded, in taking notice of a child's
miscarriage, is what root it springs from." Locke.

REMARK
Re*mark" (r-mrk"), v. i.

Defn: To make a remark or remarks; to comment.

REMARK
Re*mark", n. Etym: [Cf. F. remarque.]

1. Act of remarking or attentively noticing; notice or observation.
The cause, though worth the search, may yet elude Conjecture and
remark, however shrewd. Cowper.

2. The expression, in speech or writing, of something remarked or
noticed; the mention of that which is worthy of attention or notice;
hence, also, a casual observation, comment, or statement; as, a
pertinent remark.

Syn.
 -- Observation; note; comment; annotation.

REMARKABLE
Re*mark"a*ble (--b'l), a. Etym: [F. remarquable.]

Defn: Worthy of being remarked or noticed; noticeable; conspicuous;
hence, uncommon; extraordinary.
'T is remarkable, that they Talk most who have the least to say.
Prior.
There is nothing left remarlable Beneath the visiting moon. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Observable; noticeable; extraordinary; unusual; rare; strange;
wonderful; notable; eminent.
 -- Re*mark"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Re*mark"a*bly, adv.

REMARKER
Re*mark"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who remarks.

REMARQUE; REMARK; REMARQUE PROOF
Re*marque", n. Also Remark. (Engraving)
 (a) A small design etched on the margin of a plate and supposed to
be removed after the earliest proofs have been taken; also, any
feature distinguishing a particular stage of the plate.
 (b) A print or proof so distinguished; -- commonly called a Remarque
proof.

REMARRIAGE
Re*mar"riage (r-mr"rj), n.

Defn: A second or repeated marriage.

REMARRY
Re*mar"ry (r-mr"rr), v. t. & i.

Defn: To marry again.

REMAST
Re*mast" (r-mst"), v. t.

Defn: To furnish with a new mast or set of masts.

REMASTICATE
Re*mas"ti*cate (r-ms"t-kt), v. t.

Defn: To chew or masticate again; to chew over and over, as the cud.

REMASTICATION
Re*mas`ti*ca"tion (-k"shn), n.

Defn: The act of masticating or chewing again or repeatedly.

REMBERGE
Rem"berge (rm"brj), n.

Defn: See Ramberge.

REMBLAI
Rem`blai" (rn`bl"), n. Etym: [F., fr. remblayer to fill up an
excavation, to embank.] (Fort. & Engin.)

Defn: Earth or materials made into a bank after having been
excavated.

REMBLE
Rem"ble (r, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. embler to steal, fr. L. involare to
fly into or at, to carry off.]

Defn: To remove. [Prov.Eng.] Grose. Tennyson.

REME
Reme (r, n.

Defn: Realm. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REMEAN
Re*mean" (r, v. t.

Defn: To give meaning to; to explain the meaning of; to interpret.
[Obs.] Wyclif.

REMEANT
Re"me*ant (rant), a. Etym: [L. remeans, -antis, p. pr. of remeare to
go or come back.]

Defn: Coming back; returning. [R.] "Like the remeant sun." C.
Kingsley.

REMEASURE
Re*meas"ure (r-mzh"r; 135), v. t.

Defn: To measure again; to retrace.
They followed him . . . The way they came, their steps remeasured
right. Fairfax.

REMEDE
Re*mede" (r-md"), n.

Defn: Remedy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REMEDIABLE
Re*me"di*a*ble (r-m"d--b'l), a. Etym: [L. remediabilis: cf. F.
remédiable.]

Defn: Capable of being remedied or cured.
 -- Re*me"di*a*ble*ness, n. -Re*me"di*a*bly, adv.

REMEDIAL
Re*me"di*al (-al), a. Etym: [L. remedialis.]

Defn: Affording a remedy; intended for a remedy, or for the removal
or abatement of an evil; as, remedial treatment.
Statutes are declaratory or remedial. Blackstone.
It is an evil not compensated by any beneficial result; it is not
remedial, not conservative. I. Taylor.

REMEDIALLY
Re*me"di*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a remedial manner.

REMEDIATE
Re*me"di*ate (-t), a.

Defn: Remedial. [R.] Shak.

REMEDILESS
Re*med"i*less (r-md"-ls or rm"-d-ls; 277) a.

1. Not admitting of a remedy; incapable of being restored or
corrected; incurable; irreparable; as, a remediless mistake or loss.
"Chains remedilesse." Spenser.
Hopeless are all my evils, all remediless. Milton.

2. Not answering as a remedy; ineffectual. [Obs.]
Forced to forego the attempt remediless. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- Incurable; cureless; irremediable; irrecoverable; irretrievable;
irreparable; desperate.
 -- Re*med"i*less, adv. [Obs.] Udall.
 -- Re*med"i*less*ly, adv.
 -- Re*med"i*less*ness, n.

REMEDY
Rem"e*dy (rm"-d), n.; pl. Remedies (-d. Etym: [L. remedium; pref. re-
re- + mederi to heal, to cure: cf. F. remède remedy, remédier to
remedy. See Medical.]

1. That which relieves or cures a disease; any medicine or
application which puts an end to disease and restores health; -- with
for; as, a remedy for the gout.

2. That which corrects or counteracts an evil of any kind; a
corrective; a counteractive; reparation; cure; -- followed by for or
against, formerly by to.
What may else be remedy or cure To evils which our own misdeeds have
wrought, He will instruct us. Milton.

3. (Law)

Defn: The legal means to recover a right, or to obtain redress for a
wrong. Civil remedy. See under Civil.
 -- Remedy of the mint (Coinage), a small allowed deviation from the
legal standard of weight and fineness; -- called also tolerance.

Syn.
 -- Cure; restorative; counteraction; reparation; redress; relief;
aid; help; assistance.

REMEDY
Rem"e*dy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Remedied (-dd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Remedying.] Etym: [L. remediare, remediari: cf. F. rem. See Remedy,
n.]

Defn: To apply a remedy to; to relieve; to cure; to heal; to repair;
to redress; to correct; to counteract.
I will remedy this gear ere long. Shak.

REMELT
Re*melt" (r-mlt"), v. t.

Defn: To melt again.

REMEMBER
Re*mem"ber (r-mm"br), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Remembered (-brd); p. pr. &
vb. n. Remembering.] Etym: [OF. remebrer, L. rememorari; pref. re-
re- + memorare to bring to remembrance, from memor mindful. See
Memory, and cf. Rememorate.]

1. To have ( a notion or idea) come into the mind again, as
previously perceived, known, or felt; to have a renewed apprehension
of; to bring to mind again; to think of again; to recollect; as, I
remember the fact; he remembers the events of his childhood; I cannot
remember dates.
We are said to remember anithing, when the idea of it ariseI. Watts.

2. To be capable of recalling when required; to keep in mind; to be
continually aware or thoughtful of; to preserve fresh in the memory;
to attend to; to think of with gratitude, affection, respect, or any
other emotion.
Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Ex. xx. 8.
That they may have their wages duly paid 'em, And something over to
remember me by. Shak.
Remember what I warn thee; shun to taste. Milton.

3. To put in mind; to remind; -- also used reflexively and
impersonally. [Obs.] "Remembering them the trith of what they
themselves known." Milton.
My friends remembered me of home. Chapman.
Remember you of passed heaviness. Chaucer.
And well thou wost [knowest] if it remember thee. Chaucer.

4. To mention. [Obs.] "As in many cases hereafter to be remembered."
Ayliffe.

5. To recall to the mind of another, as in the friendly messages,
remember me to him, he wishes to be remembered to you, etc.

REMEMBER
Re*mem"ber (r-mm"br), v. i.

Defn: To execise or have the power of memory; as, some remember
better than others. Shak.

REMEMBERABLE
Re*mem"ber*a*ble (--b'l), a.

Defn: Capable or worthy of being remembered.
 -- Re*mem"ber*a*bly, adv.
The whole vale of Keswick is so rememberable. Coleridge.

REMEMBERER
Re*mem"ber*er (-r), n.

Defn: One who remembers.

REMEMBRANCE
Re*mem"brance (-brans), n. Etym: [OF. remembrance.]

1. The act of remembering; a holding in mind, or bringing to mind;
recollection.
Lest fierce remembrance wake my sudden rage. Milton.
Lest the remembrance of his grief should fail. Addison.

2. The state of being remembered, or held in mind; memory;
recollection.
This, ever grateful, in remembrance bear. Pope.

3. Something remembered; a person or thing kept in memory. Shak.

4. That which serves to keep in or bring to mind; a memorial; a
token; a memento; a souvenir; a memorandum or note of something to be
remembered.
And on his breast a bloody cross he bore, The dear remembrance of his
dying Lord. Spenser.
Keep this remembrance for thy Julia's sake. Shak.

5. Something to be remembered; counsel; admoni [Obs.] Shak.

6. Power of remembering; reach of personal knowledge; period over
which one's memory extends.
Thee I have heard relating what was done Ere my remembrance. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Recollection; reminiscence. See Memory.

REMEMBRANCER
Re*mem"bran*cer (-bran-sr), n.

1. One who, or that which, serves to bring to, or keep in, mind; a
memento; a memorial; a reminder.
Premature consiolation is but the remembrancer of sorrow. Goldsmith.
Ye that are the lord's remembrancers. Isa. lxii. 6. (Rev. Ver. ).

2. A term applied in England to several officers, having various
functions, their duty originally being to bring certain matters to
the attention of the proper persons at the proper time. "The
remembrancer of the lord treasurer in the exchequer." Bacon.

REMEMORATE
Re*mem"o*rate (--rt), v. i. Etym: [L. rememoratus, p. p. of
rememorari. See Remember.]

Defn: To recall something by means of memory; to remember. [Obs.]
Bryskett.

REMEMORATION
Re*mem`o*ra"tion (-r"shn), n. Etym: [F. rem, or L. rememoratio.]

Defn: A recalling by the faculty of memory; remembrance. [Obs. & R.]
Bp. Montagu.

REMEMORATIVE
Re*mem"o*ra*tive (r-mEm"-r-tv), a.

Defn: Tending or serving to remind. [R.]

REMENANT
Rem"e*nant (rm"-nant), n.

Defn: A remnant. [Obs.]

REMERCIE; REMERCY
Re*mer"cie, Re*mer"cy, v. t. Etym: [F. remercier; pref. re- re- + OF.
mercier to thank, from OF. & F. merci. See Mercy.]

Defn: To thank. [Obs.]
She him remercied as the patron of her life. Spenser.

REMERGE
Re*merge" (r-mrj"), v. i.

Defn: To merge again. "Remerging in the general Soul." Tennyson.

REMEVE; REMEWE
Re*meve" (r-mEv"), Re*mewe" (r-m"), v. t. & i.

Defn: To remove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REMIFORM
Rem"i*form (rm"*frm), a. Etym: [L. remus oar + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like an oar.

REMIGES
Rem"i*ges (rm"*jz), n. pl.; sing. Remex. (r. Etym: [L. remex, -igis,
an oarsman.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The quill feathers of the wings of a bird.

REMIGRATE
Rem"i*grate (rm"-grt or r-m"grt; 277), v. i. Etym: [L. remigrare. See
Re-, and Migrate.]

Defn: To migrate again; to go back; to return. Boyle.

REMIGRATION
Rem`i*gra"tion (rm`-gr"shn), n.

Defn: Migration back to the place from which one came. Sir M. Hale.

REMIND
Re*mind" (r-mnd"), v. t.

Defn: To put (one) in mind of something; to bring to the remembrance
of; to bring to the notice or consideration of (a person).
When age itself, which will not be defied, shall begin to arrest,
seize, and remind us of our mortality. South.

REMINDER
Re*mind"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, reminds; that which serves to awaken
remembrance.

REMINDFUL
Re**mind"ful (fl), a.

Defn: Tending or adapted to remind; careful to remind. Southey.

REMINISCENCE
Rem`i*nis"cence (rm`-ns"sens), n. Etym: [F. réminiscence, L.
reminiscentia.]

1. The act or power of recalling past experience; the state of being
reminiscent; remembrance; memory.
The other part of memory, called reminiscence, which is the
retrieving of a thing at present forgot, or but confusedly
remembered. South.
I forgive your want of reminiscence, since it is long since I saw
you. Sir W. Scott.

2. That which is remembered, or recalled to mind; a statement or
narration of remembered experience; a recollection; as, pleasing or
painful reminiscences.

Syn.
 -- Remembrance; recollection. See Memory.

REMINISCENCY
Rem`i*nis"cen*cy (-sen-s), n.

Defn: Reminiscence. [Obs.]

REMINISCENT
Rem`i*nis"cent (-sent), a. Etym: [L. reminiscens, -entis, p. pr. of
reminisci to recall to mind, to recollect; pref.re- re + a word akin
to mens mind, memini I remember. See Mind.]

Defn: Recalling to mind, or capable of recalling to mind; having
remembrance; reminding one of something.
Some other of existence of which we have been previously conscious,
and are now reminiscent. Sir W. Hamilton.

REMINISCENT
Rem`i*nis"cent (rm`-ns"sent), n.

Defn: One who is addicted to indulging, narrating, or recording
reminiscences.

REMINISCENTIAL
Rem`i*nis*cen"tial (-ns-sn"shal), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to reminiscence, or remembrance. Sir T.
Browne.

REMIPED
Rem"i*ped (rm"-pd), a. Etym: [L. remus oar + pes, pedis, foot: cf. F.
rémipède.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having feet or legs that are used as oars; -- said of certain
crustaceans and insects.

REMIPED
Rem"i*ped, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) An animal having limbs like oars, especially one of certain
crustaceans.
(b) One of a group of aquatic beetles having tarsi adapted for
swimming. See Water beetle.

REMISE
Re*mise" (r-mz"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Remised (-mzd"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Remising.] Etym: [F. remise delivery, surrender, fr. remettre to
put back, deliver, L. remittere. See Remit.]

Defn: To send, give, or grant back; torelease a claim to; to resign
or surrender by deed; to return. Blackstone.

REMISE
Re*mise", n. (Law)

Defn: A giving or granting back; surrender; return; release, as of a
claim.

REMISS
Re*miss" (r-ms"), a. Etym: [L. remissus, p. p. of remittere to send
back, relax. See Remit.]

Defn: Not energetic or exact in duty or business; not careful or
prompt in fulfilling engagements; negligent; careless; tardy;
behindhand; lagging; slack; hence, lacking earnestness or activity;
languid; slow.
Thou never wast remiss, I bear thee witness. Milton.
These nervous, bold; those languid and remiss. Roscommon.
Its motion becomes more languid and remiss. Woodward.

Syn.
 -- Slack; dilatory; slothful; negligent; careless; neglectful;
inattentive; heedles; thoughtless.

REMISS
Re*miss", n.

Defn: The act of being remiss; inefficiency; failure. [Obs.]
"Remisses of laws." Puttenham.

REMISSFUL
Re*miss"ful (-fl), a.

Defn: Inclined to remit punishment; lenient; clement. Drayton.

REMISSIBILITY
Re*mis`si*bil"i*ty (r-ms`s-bl"-t), n.

Defn: The state or quality of being remissible. Jer. Taylor.

REMISSIBLE
Re*mis"si*ble (r-ms"s-b'l), a. Etym: [L. remissibilis: cf. F.
rémissible. See Remit.]

Defn: Capable of being remitted or forgiven. Feltham.

REMISSION
Re*mis"sion (r-msh"n), n. Etym: [F. rémission, L. remissio. See
Remit.]

1. The act of remitting, surrendering, resigning, or giving up.

2. Discharge from that which is due; relinquishment of a claim,
right, or obligation; pardon of transgression; release from
forfeiture, penalty, debt, etc.
This is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the
remission of sins. Matt. xxvi. 28.
That ples, therefore, . . . Will gain thee no remission. Milton.

3. Diminution of intensity; abatement; relaxation.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A temporary and incomplete subsidence of the force or violence
of a disease or of pain, as destinguished from intermission, in which
the disease completely leaves the patient for a time; abatement.

5. The act of sending back. [R.] Stackhouse.

6. Act of sending in payment, as money; remittance.

REMISSIVE
Re*mis"sive (r-ms"sv), a. Etym: [L. remissivus. See Remit.]

Defn: Remitting; forgiving; abating. Bp. Hacket.

REMISSLY
Re*miss"ly (r-ms"l), adv.

Defn: In a remiss or negligent manner; carelessly.

REMISSNESS
Re*miss"ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being remiss.

REMISSORY
Re*mis"so*ry (r-ms"s-r), a.

Defn: Serving or tending to remit, or to secure remission; remissive.
"A sacrifice expiatory or remissory." Latimer.

REMIT
Re*mit" (r-mt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Remitted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Remitting.] Etym: [L. remittere, remissum, to send back, to slacken,
relax; pref. re- re- + mittere to send. See Mission, and cf. Remise,
Remiss.]

1. To send back; to give up; to surrender; to resign.
In the case the law remits him to his ancient and more certain right.
Blackstone.
In grevious and inhuman crimes, offenders should be remitted to their
prince. Hayward.
The prisoner was remitted to the guard. Dryden.

2. To restore. [Obs.]
The archbishop was . . . remitted to his liberty. Hayward.

3. (Com.)

Defn: To transmit or send, esp. to a distance, as money in payment of
a demand, account, draft, etc.; as, he remitted the amount by mail.

4. To send off or away; hence: (a) To refer or direct (one) for
information, guidance, help, etc. "Remitting them . . . to the works
of Galen." Sir T. Elyot. (b) To submit, refer, or leave (something)
for judgment or decision. "Whether the counsel be good Iremit it to
the wise readers." Sir T. Elyot.

5. To relax in intensity; to make less violent; to abate.
So willingly doth God remit his ire. Milton.

6. To forgive; to pardon; to remove.
Whose soever sins ye remit, they are remitted unto them. John xx. 23.

7. To refrain from exacting or enforcing; as, to remit the
performance of an obligation. "The sovereign was undoubtedly
competent to remit penalties." Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- To relax; release; abate; relinguish; forgive; pardon; absolve.

REMIT
Re*mit", v. i.

1. To abate in force or in violence; to grow less intense; to become
moderated; to abate; to relax; as, a fever remits; the severity of
the weather remits.

2. To send money, as in payment. Addison.

REMITMENT
Re*mit"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act of remitting, or the state of being remitted;
remission.
Disavowing the remitment of Claudius. Milton.

REMITTAL
Re*mit"tal (-tal), n.

Defn: A remitting; a giving up; surrender; as, the remittal of the
first fruits. Swift.

REMITTANCE
Re*mit"tance (r-mt"tans), n.

1. The act of transmitting money, bills, or the like, esp. to a
distant place, as in satisfaction of a demand, or in discharge of an
obligation.

2. The sum or thing remitted. Addison.

REMITTEE
Re*mit`tee" (r-mt`t"), n. (Com.)

Defn: One to whom a remittance is sent.

REMITTENT
Re*mit"tent (r-mt"tent), a. Etym: [L. remittens, p. pr. : cf. F.
rémittent.]

Defn: Remitting; characterized by remission; having remissions.
Remittent fever (Med.), a fever in which the symptoms temporarily
abate at regular intervals, but do not wholly cease. See Malarial
fever, under Malarial.

REMITTER
Re*mit"ter (-tr), n.

1. One who remits. Specifically:
(a) One who pardons.
(b) One who makes remittance.

2. (Law)

Defn: The sending or placing back of a person to a title or right he
had before; the restitution of one who obtains possession of property
under a defective title, to his rights under some valid title by
virtue of which he might legally have entered into possession only by
suit. Bouvier.

REMITTITUR
Re*mit"ti*tur (-t-tr), n. Etym: [L., (it) is remitted.] (Law)
(a) A remission or surrender, -- remittitur damnut being a remission
of excess of damages.
(b) A sending back, as when a record is remitted by a superior to an
inferior court. Wharton.

REMITTOR
Re*mit"tor (-tr), n. (Law)

Defn: One who makes a remittance; a remitter.

REMIX
Re*mix" (r-mks"), v. t.

Defn: To mix again or repeatedly.

REMNANT
Rem"nant (rm"nant), a. Etym: [OF. remanant, p. pr. of remanoir,
remaindre. See Remanent, Remain.]

Defn: Remaining; yet left. [R.] "Because of the remnant dregs of his
disease." Fuller.
And quiet dedicate her remnant life To the just duties of an humble
wife. Prior.

REMNANT
Rem"nant, n. Etym: [OF.remanant. See Remnant, a.]

1. That which remains after a part is removed, destroyed, used up,
performed, etc.; residue. Chaucer.
The remnant that are left of the captivity. Neh. i. 3.
The remnant of my tale is of a length To tire your patience. Dryden.

2. A small portion; a slight trace; a fragment; a little bit; a
scrap.
Some odd quirks and remnants of wit. Shak.

3. (Com.)

Defn: An unsold end of piece goods, as cloth, ribbons, carpets, etc.

Syn.
 -- Residue; rest; remains; remainder.

REMODEL
Re*mod"el (r-md"l), v. t.

Defn: To model or fashion anew; to change the form of.
The corporation had been remodeled. Macaulay.

REMODIFICATION
Re*mod`i*fi*ca"tion (--f-k"shn), n.

Defn: The act of remodifying; the state of being remodified.

REMODIFY
Re*mod"i*fy (r-md"-f), v. t.

Defn: To modify again or anew; to reshape.

REMOLADE; REMOULAD
Ré`mo`lade", Ré`mou`lad", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A kind of piquant sauce or salad dressing resembling
mayonnaise.

REMOLADE; REMOULADE
Ré`mo`lade", Ré`mou`lade", n. [F.]

Defn: An ointment used in farriery.

REMOLD; REMOULD
Re*mold", Re*mould" (r-mld"), v. t.

Defn: To mold or shape anew or again; to reshape.

REMOLLIENT
Re*mol"lient (r-ml"yent or -l-ent), a. Etym: [L. remolliens, p. pr.
of remollire to mollify: cf. F. rémollient. See Mollient.]

Defn: Mollifying; softening. [R.]

REMONETIZATION
Re*mon`e*ti*za"tion (r-mn`-t-z"shn or -mn`-), n.

Defn: The act of remonetizing.

REMONETIZE
Re*mon"e*tize (-tz), v. t.

Defn: To restore to use as money; as, to remonetize silver.

REMONSTRANCE
Re*mon"strance (-mn"strans), n. Etym: [Cf. OF. remonstrance, F.
remonstrance. See Remonstrate.]

1. The act of remonstrating; as:
(a) A pointing out; manifestation; proof; demonstration. [Obs.]
You may marvel why I . . . would not rather Make rash remonstrance of
my hidden power Than let him be so lost. Shak.

(b) Earnest presentation of reason in opposition to something;
protest; expostulation.

2. (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: Same as Monstrance.

REMONSTRANT
Re*mon"strant (-strant), a. Etym: [LL. remonstranc, -antis, p. pr. of
remonstrare: cf. OF. remonstrant, F.remontrant.]

Defn: Inclined or tending to remonstrate; expostulatory; urging
reasons in opposition to something.

REMONSTRANT
Re*mon"strant, n.

Defn: One who remonstrates; specifically (Eccl. Hist.),

Defn: one of the Arminians who remonstrated against the attacks of
the Calvinists in 1610, but were subsequently condemned by the
decisions of the Synod of Dort in 1618. See Arminian.

REMONSTRANTLY
Re*mon"strant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a remonstrant manner.

REMONSTRATE
Re*mon"strate (-strt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Remonstrated (-str; p. pr.
& vb. n. Remonstrating.] Etym: [LL. remonstratus, p. p. of
remonstrare to remonstrate; L. pref. re- + monstrare to show. See
Monster.]

Defn: To point out; to show clearly; to make plain or manifest;
hence, to prove; to demonstrate. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
I will remonstrate to you the third door. B. Jonson.

REMONSTRATE
Re*mon"strate, v. i.

Defn: To present and urge reasons in opposition to an act, measure,
or any course of proceedings; to expostulate; as, to remonstrate with
a person regarding his habits; to remonstrate against proposed
taxation.
It is proper business of a divine to state cases of conscience, and
to remonstrate against any growing corruptions in practice, and
especially in principles. Waterland.

Syn.
 -- Expostulate, Remonstrate. These words are commonly
interchangeable, the principal difference being that expostulate is
now used especially to signify remonstrance by a superior or by one
in authority. A son remonstrates against the harshness of a father; a
father expostulates with his son on his waywardness. Subjects
remonstrate with their rulers; sovereigns expostulate with the
parliament or the people.

REMONSTRATION
Re`mon*stra"tion (r`mn*str"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. OF. remonstration, LL.
remonstratio.]

Defn: The act of remonstrating; remonstrance. [R.] Todd.

REMONSTRATIVE
Re*mon"stra*tive (r*mn"str*tv), a.

Defn: Having the character of a remonstrance; expressing
remonstrance.

REMONSTRATOR
Re*mon"stra*tor (r*mn"str*tr), n.

Defn: One who remonstrates; a remonsrant. Bp. Burnet.

REMONTANT
Re*mon"tant (-tant), a.Etym: [F.] (Hort.)

Defn: Rising again; -- applied to a class of roses which bloom more
than once in a season; the hybrid perpetual roses, of which the
Jacqueminot is a well-known example.

REMONTOIR
Re*mon`toir" (re-mn"twr"; E. r-mn"twr), n. Etym: [F.] (Horology)

Defn: See under Escapement.

REMORA
Rem"o*ra (rm"*r), n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. rémora.]

1. Delay; obstacle; hindrance. [Obs.] Milton.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of fishes belonging to Echeneis,
Remora, and allied genera. Called also sucking fish.

Note: The anterior dorsal fin is converted into a large sucking disk,
having two transverse rows of lamellæ, situated on the top of the
head. They adhere firmly to sharks and other large fishes and to
vessels by this curious sucker, letting go at will. The pegador, or
remora of sharks (Echeneis naucrates), and the swordfish remora
(Remora brachyptera), are common American species.

3. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument formerly in use, intended to retain parts in
their places. Dunglison.

REMORATE
Rem"o*rate (-rt), v. t. Etym: [L. remoratus, p. p. of remorari; pref.
re- re- + morari to delay.]

Defn: To hinder; to delay. [Obs.] Johnson.

REMORD
Re*mord" (r-mrd"), v. t. Etym: [L. remordere to bite again, to
torment: cf. F. remordre. See Remorse.]

Defn: To excite to remorse; to rebuke. [Obs.] Skelton.

REMORD
Re*mord", v. i.

Defn: To feel remorse. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

REMORDENCY
Re*mord"en*cy (-en*s), n.

Defn: Remorse; compunction; compassion. [Obs.] Killingbeck.

REMORSE
Re*morse" (r*mrs"), n. Etym: [OE. remors, OF. remors,F. remords, LL.
remorsus, fr. L. remordere, remorsum, to bite again or back, to
torment; pref. re- re- + mordere to bite. See Morsel.]

1. The anguish, like gnawing pain, excited by a sense of guilt;
compunction of conscience for a crime committed, or for the sins of
one's past life. "Nero will be tainted with remorse." Shak.

2. Sympathetic sorrow; pity; compassion.
Curse on the unpardoning prince, whom tears can draw To no remorse.
Dryden.
But evermore it seem'd an easier thing At once without remorse to
strike her dead. Tennyson.

Syn.
 -- Compunction; regret; anguish; grief; compassion. See Compunction.

REMORSED
Re*morsed" (r-mrst"), a.

Defn: Feeling remorse. [Obs.]

REMORSEFUL
Re*morse"ful (-mrs"fl), a.

1. Full of remorse.
The full tide of remorseful passion had abated. Sir W. Scott.

2. Compassionate; feeling tenderly. [Obs.] Shak.

3. Exciting pity; pitiable. [Obs.] Chapman.
 -- Re*morse"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Re*morse"ful*ness, n.

REMORSELESS
Re*morse"less, a.

Defn: Being without remorse; having no pity; hence, destitute of
sensibility; cruel; insensible to distress; merciless. "Remorseless
adversaries." South. "With remorseless cruelty." Milton.

Syn.
 -- Unpitying; pitiless; relentless; unrelenting; implacable;
merciless; unmerciful; savage; cruel.
 -- Re*morse"less*ly, adv.
 -- Re*morse"less*ness, n.

REMOTE
Re*mote" (r-mt"), a. [Compar. Remoter (-r); superl. Remotest.] Etym:
[L. remotus, p. p. of removere to remove. See Remove.]

1. Removed to a distance; not near; far away; distant; -- said in
respect to time or to place; as, remote ages; remote lands.
Places remote enough are in Bohemia. Shak.
Remote from men, with God he passed his days. Parnell.

2. Hence, removed; not agreeing, according, or being related; -- in
various figurative uses. Specifically:
(a) Not agreeing; alien; foreign. "All these propositions, how remote
soever from reason." Locke.
(b) Not nearly related; not close; as, a remote connection or
consanguinity.
(c) Separate; abstracted. "Wherever the mind places itself by any
thought, either amongst, or remote from, all bodies." Locke.
(d) Not proximate or acting directly; primary; distant. "From the
effect to the remotest cause." Granville.
(e) Not obvious or sriking; as, a remote resemblance.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Separated by intervals greater than usual.
 -- Re*mote"ly, adv.
 -- Re*mote"ness, n.

REMOTION
Re*mo"tion (r-m"shn), n. Etym: [L. remotio. See Remove.]

1. The act of removing; removal. [Obs.]
This remotion of the duke and her Is practice only. Shak.

2. The state of being remote; remoteness. [R.]
The whitish gleam [of the stars] was the mask conferred by the
enormity of their remotion. De Quincey.

REMOULD
Re*mould" (r-mld"), v. t.

Defn: See Remold.

REMOUNT
Re*mount" (r-mount"), v. t. & i.

Defn: To mount again.

REMOUNT
Re*mount", n.

Defn: The opportunity of, or things necessary for, remounting;
specifically, a fresh horse, with his equipments; as, to give one a
remount.

REMOVABLE
Re*mov"a*ble (r-mv"-b'l), a.

Defn: Admitting of being removed. Ayliffe.
 -- Re*mov`a*bil"i*ty (-, n.

REMOVAL
Re*mov"al (-al), n.

Defn: The act of removing, or the state of being removed.

REMOVE
Re*move" (r-mv"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Removed (-mvd"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Removing.] Etym: [OF. removoir, remouvoir, L. removere, remotum;
pref. re- re- + movere to move. See Move.]

1. To move away from the position occupied; to cause to change place;
to displace; as, to remove a building.
Thou shalt not remove thy neighbor's landmark. Deut. xix. 14.
When we had dined, to prevent the ladies' leaving us, I generally
ordered the table to be removed. Goldsmith.

2. To cause to leave a person or thing; to cause to cease to be; to
take away; hence, to banish; to destroy; to put an end to; to kill;
as, to remove a disease. "King Richard thus removed." Shak.

3. To dismiss or discharge from office; as, the President removed
many postmasters.

Note: See the Note under Remove, v. i.

REMOVE
Re*move" (r-mv"), v. i.

Defn: To change place in any manner, or to make a change in place; to
move or go from one residence, position, or place to another.
Till Birnam wood remove to Dunsinane, I can not taint with fear.
Shak.

Note: The verb remove, in some of its application, is synonymous with
move, but not in all. Thus we do not apply remove to a mere change of
posture, without a change of place or the seat of a thing. A man
moves his head when he turns it, or his finger when he bends it, but
he does not remove it. Remove usually or always denotes a change of
place in a body, but we never apply it to a regular, continued course
or motion. We never say the wind or water, or a ship, removes at a
certain rate by the hour; but we say a ship was removed from one
place in a harbor to another. Move is a generic term, including the
sense of remove, which is more generally applied to a change from one
station or permanent position, stand, or seat, to another station.

REMOVE
Re*move", n.

1. The act of removing; a removal.
This place should be at once both school and university, not needing
a remove to any other house of scholarship. Milton.
And drags at each remove a lengthening chain. Goldsmith.

2. The transfer of one's business, or of one's domestic belongings,
from one location or dwelling house to another; -- in the United
States usually called a move.
It is an English proverb that three removes are as bad as a fire. J.
H. Newman.

3. The state of being removed. Locke.

4. That which is removed, as a dish removed from table to make room
for something else.

5. The distance or space through which anything is removed; interval;
distance; stage; hence, a step or degree in any scale of gradation;
specifically, a division in an English public school; as, the boy
went up two removes last year.
A freeholder is but one remove from a legislator. Addison.

6. (Far.)

Defn: The act of resetting a horse's shoe. Swift.

REMOVED
Re*moved" (r-mvd"), a.

1. Changed in place.

2. Dismissed from office.

3. Distant in location; remote. "Something finer than you could
purchase in so removed a dwelling." Shak.

4. Distant by degrees in relationship; as, a cousin once removed.
 -- Re*mov"ed*ness (r, n. Shak.

REMOVER
Re*mov"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who removes; as, a remover of landmarks. Bacon.

REMUABLE
Re*mu"a*ble (r-m"-b'l), a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: That may be removed; removable. [Obs.] Gower.

REMUE
Re*mue" (r-m"), v. t. Etym: [F. remuer. See Mew to molt.]

Defn: To remove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REMUGIENT
Re*mu"gi*ent (r-m"j-ent), a. Etym: [L. remugiens, p. pr. of remugire.
See Mugient.]

Defn: Rebellowing. Dr. H. More.

REMUNERABLE
Re**mu"ner*a*ble (r-m"nr--b'l), a. Etym: [See Remunerate.]

Defn: Admitting, or worthy, of remuneration.
 -- Re*mu`ner*a*bil"i*ty (r, n.

REMUNERATE
Re*mu"ner*ate (-t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Remunerated (-"td); p. pr. &
vb. n. Remunerating.] Etym: [L. remuneratus, p. p. of remunerare,
remunerari; pref. re- re- + munerare, munerari, to give, present,
from munus, muneris, a gift, present. Cf. Munificent.]

Defn: To pay an equivalent to for any service, loss, expense, or
other sacrifice; to recompense; to requite; as, to remunerate men for
labor.

Syn.
 -- To reward; recompense; compensate; satisfy; requite; repay; pay;
reimburse.

REMUNERATION
Re*mu`ner*a"tion (-"shn), n. Etym: [L. remuneratio: cf. F.
rémunération.]

1. The act of remunerating.

2. That which is given to remunerate; an equivalent given, as for
services, loss, or sufferings. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Reward; recompense; compensation; pay; payment; repayment;
satisfaction; requital.

REMUNERATIVE
Re*mu"ner*a*tive (r-m"nr--tv), a. Etym: [Cf.F. rémun.]

Defn: Affording remuneration; as, a remunerative payment for
services; a remunerative business. -Re*mu"ner*a*tive*ly, adv.
 -- Re*mu"ner*a*tive*ness, n.

REMUNERATORY
Re*mu"ner*a*to*ry (-t-r), a. Etym: [Cf. F. rémun.]

Defn: Remunerative. Johnson.

REMURMUR
Re*mur"mur (r-mr"mr), v. t. & i. Etym: [Pref. re- + murmur: cf. F.
remurmurare.]

Defn: To murmur again; to utter back, or reply, in murmurs.
The trembling trees, in every plain and wood, Her fate remurmur to
the silver flood. Pope.

REN
Ren (rn), v. t. & i.

Defn: See Renne. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REN
Ren, n.

Defn: A run. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RENABLE
Ren"a*ble (rn"-b'l), a. Etym: [OF. resnable.]

Defn: Reasonable; also, loquacious. [Obs.] "Most renable of tongue."
Piers Plowman.
 -- Ren"a*bly, adv. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RENAISSANCE
Re*nais`sance" (F. re-n`sns"; E. r-ns"sans), n. Etym: [F., fr.
renaître to be born again. Cf. Renascence.]

Defn: A new birth, or revival. Specifically:
(a) The transitional movement in Europe, marked by the revival of
classical learning and art in Italy in the 15th century, and the
similar revival following in other countries.
(b) The style of art which prevailed at this epoch.
The Renaissance was rather the last stage of the Middle Ages,
emerging from ecclesiastical and feudal despotism, developing what
was original in mediæval ideas by the light of classic arts and
letters. J. A. Symonds (Encyc. Brit. ).

RENAISSANT
Re*nais"sant (r-ns"sant), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Renaissance.

RENAL
Re"nal (r"nal), a. Etym: [L. renalis, fr. renes the kidneys or reins:
cf. F. rénal. See Reins.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the kidneys; in the region of the kidneys.
Renal calculus (Med.), a concretion formed in the excretory passages
of the kidney.
 -- Renal capsules or glands, the suprarenal capsules. See under
Capsule.
 -- Renal casts, Renal colic. (Med.) See under Cast, and Colic.

RENAL-PORTAL
Re"nal-por`tal (r"nal-pr"tal), a. (Anat.)

Defn: Both renal and portal. See Portal.

RENAME
Re*name" (r*nm"), v. t.

Defn: To give a new name to.

RENARD
Ren"ard (rn"rd), n. Etym: [F. renard the fox, the name of the fox in
a celebrated epic poem, and of German origin, G. Reinhard, OHG.
Reginhard, properly, strong in counsel; regin counsel (akin to Goth.
ragin) + hart hard. See Hard.]

Defn: A fox; -- so called in fables or familiar tales, and in poetry.
[Written also reynard.]

RENARDINE
Ren"ard*ine (-n), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Renard, the fox, or the tales in which
Renard is mentioned.

RENASCENCE
Re*nas"cence (r-ns"sens), n. Etym: [See Renascent, and cf.
Renaissance.]

1. The state of being renascent.
Read the Phrenascence is varied. Coleridge.

2. Same as Renaissance.
The Renascence . . . which in art, in literature, and in physics,
produced such splendid fruits. M. Arnold.

RENASCENCY
Re*nas"cen*cy (-sen-s), n.

Defn: State of being renascent.

RENASCENT
Re*nas"cent (-sent), a. Etym: [L. renascens, p. pr. of renasci to be
born again; pref. re- re- + nasci to be born. See Nascent.]

1. Springing or rising again into being; being born again, or
reproduced.

2. See Renaissant.

RENASCIBLE
Re*nas"ci*ble (-s-b'l), a. Etym: [LL. renascibilis, from L. renasci
to be born again.]

Defn: Capable of being reproduced; ablle to spring again into being.

RENATE
Re*nate" (r-nt"), a. Etym: [L. renatus, p. p. of renasci.]

Defn: Born again; regenerate; renewed. [Obs.] Beau & Fl.

RENAVIGATE
Re*nav"i*gate (r-nv"-gt), v. t.

Defn: To navigate again.

RENAY
Re*nay" (r-n"), v. t. Etym: [OF. reneier, F. renier, F. renier; L.
pref. re- re- + negare to deny. See Renegade.]

Defn: To deny; to disown. [Obs.]

RENCONTRE
Ren*con"tre (rn-kn"tr; F. rn`kn"tr'), n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Same as Rencounter, n.

RENCOUNTER
Ren*coun"ter (rn-koun"tr), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rencountered (-trd);
p. pr. & vb/ n. Rencountering.] Etym: [F. rencontrer; pref. re- + OF.
encontrer to encounter. See Encounter.]

1. To meet unexpectedly; to encounter.

2. To attack hand to hand. [Obs.] Spenser.

RENCOUNTER
Ren*coun"ter, v. i.

Defn: To meet unexpectedly; to encounter in a hostile manner; to come
in collision; to skirmish.

RENCOUNTER
Ren*coun"ter, n. Etym: [F. rencontre, from renconter to meet.]

1. A meeting of two persons or bodies; a collision; especially, a
meetingg in opposition or contest; a combat, action, or engagement.
The justling chiefs in rude rencounter join. Granville.

2. A causal combat or action; a sudden contest or fight without
premeditation, as between individuals or small parties.
The confederates should . . . outnumber the enemy in all rencounters
and engagements. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Combat; fight; conflict; collision; clash.

REND
Rend (rnd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rent (rnt); p. pr. & vb. n. Rending.]
Etym: [AS. rendan, hrendan; cf. OFries. renda, randa, Fries.renne to
cut, rend, Icel. hrinda to push, thrust, AS. hrindan; or cf. Icel. r
to rob, plunder, Ir. rannaim to divide, share, part, W. rhanu, Armor.
ranna.]

1. To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to tear
asunder; to split; to burst; as, powder rends a rock in blasting;
lightning rends an oak.
The dreadful thunder Doth rend the region. Shak.

2. To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by force.
An empire from its old foundations rent. Dryden.
I will surely rend the kingdom from thee. 1 Kings xi. 11.
To rap and rend. See under Rap, v. t., to snatch.

Syn.
 -- To tear; burst; break; rupture; lacerate; fracture; crack; split.

REND
Rend, v. i.

Defn: To be rent or torn; to become parted; to sepparate; to split.
Jer. Taylor.

RENDER
Rend"er (-r), n. Etym: [From Rend.]

Defn: One who rends.

RENDER
Ren"der (rn"dr), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rendered (-drd);p. pr. & vb. n.
Rendering.] Etym: [F. rendre, LL. rendre, fr. L. reddere; pref. red-,
re-, re- + dare to give. See Datetime, and cf. Reddition, Rent.]

1. To return; to pay back; to restore.
Whose smallest minute lost, no riches render may. Spenser.

2. To inflict, as a retribution; to requite.
I will render vengeance to mine enemies. Deut. xxxii. 41.

3. To give up; to yield; to surrender.
I 'll make her render up her page to me. Shak.

4. Hence, to furnish; to contribute.
Logic renders its daily service to wisdom and virtue. I. Watts.

5. To furnish; to state; to deliver; as, to render an account; to
render judgment.

6. To cause to be, or to become; as, to render a person more safe or
more unsafe; to render a fortress secure.

7. To translate from one language into another; as, to render Latin
into English.

8. To interpret; to set forth, represent, or exhibit; as, an actor
renders his part poorly; a singer renders a passage of music with
great effect; a painter renders a scene in a felicitous manner.
He did render him the most unnatural That lived amongst men. Shak.

9. To try out or extract (oil, lard, tallow, etc.) from fatty animal
substances; as, to render tallow.

10. To plaster, as a wall of masonry, without the use of lath.

RENDER
Ren"der, v. i.

1. To give an account; to make explanation or confession. [Obs.]

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To pass; to run; -- said of the passage of a rope through a
block, eyelet, etc.; as, a rope renders well, that is, passes freely;
also, to yield or give way. Totten.

RENDER
Ren"der, n.

1. A surrender. [Obs.] Shak.

2. A return; a payment of rent.
In those early times the king's household was supported by specific
renders of corn and other victuals from the tenants of the demains.
Blackstone.

3. An account given; a statement. [Obs.] Shak.

RENDERABLE
Ren"der*a*ble (rn"dr--b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being rendered.

RENDERER
Ren"der*er (-r), n.

1. One who renders.

2. A vessel in which lard or tallow, etc., is rendered.

RENDERING
Ren"der*ing, n.

Defn: The act of one who renders, or that which is rendered.
Specifically: (a) A version; translation; as, the rendering of the
Hebrew text. Lowth. (b) In art, the presentation, expression, or
interpretation of an idea, theme, or part. (c) The act of laying the
first coat of plaster on brickwork or stonework. (d) The coat of
plaster thus laid on. Gwilt. (e) The process of trying out or
extracting lard, tallow, etc., from animal fat.

RENDEZVOUS
Ren"dez*vous (rn"d*voo or rn"-; 277), n.; pl. Rendezvouses (r.

Note: [Rare in the plural.] Etym: [F. rendez-vous, properly, render
yourselves, repair to a place. See Render.]

1. A place appointed for a meeting, or at which persons customarily
meet.
An inn, the free rendezvous of all travelers. Sir W. Scott.

2. Especially, the appointed place for troops, or for the ships of a
fleet, to assemble; also, a place for enlistment.
The king appointed his whole army to be drawn together to a
rendezvous at Marlborough. Clarendon.

3. A meeting by appointment. Sprat.

4. Retreat; refuge. [Obs.] Shak.

RENDEZVOUS
Ren"dez*vous (rn"d-voo or rn"-; 277), v. i. [imp. &. p. p.
Rendezvoused (-vood); p. pr. & vb. n. Rendezvousing (-voo*ng).]

Defn: To assemble or meet at a particular place.

RENDEZVOUS
Ren"dez*vous, v. t.

Defn: To bring together at a certain place; to cause to be assembled.
Echard.

RENDIBLE
Rend"i*ble (rnd"-b'l), a. Etym: [From Rend.]

Defn: Capable of being rent or torn.

RENDIBLE
Ren"di*ble (rn"d-b'l), a. Etym: [See Render.]

Defn: Capable, or admitting, of being rendered.

RENDITION
Ren*di"tion (rn-dsh"n), n. Etym: [LL. rendere to render: cf. L.
redditio. See Render, and cf. Reddition.]

1. The act of rendering; especially, the act of surrender, as of
fugitives from justice, at the claim of a foreign government; also,
surrender in war.
The rest of these brave men that suffered in cold blood after
articles of rendition. Evelyn.

2. Translation; rendering; version.
This rendition of the word seems also most naturally to agree with
the genuine meaning of some other words in the same verse. South.

RENDROCK
Rend"rock` (rnd"rk`), n.

Defn: A kind of dynamite used in blasting. [U.S.]

RENEGADE
Ren"e*gade (rn"-gd), n. Etym: [Sp. renegado, LL. renegatus, fr.
renegare to deny; L. pref. re- re- + negare to deny. See Negation,
and cf. Runagate.]

Defn: One faithless to principle or party. Specifically:
(a) An apostate from Christianity or from any form of religious
faith.
James justly regarded these renegades as the most serviceable tools
that he could employ. Macaulay.

(b) One who deserts from a military or naval post; a deserter.
Arbuthnot.
(c) A common vagabond; a worthless or wicked fellow.

RENEGADO
Ren`e*ga"do (rn`-g"d), n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: See Renegade.

RENEGAT
Ren"e*gat (rn"-gt), n. Etym: [See Runegate.]

Defn: A renegade. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RENEGATION
Ren`e*ga"tion (rn`-ga"shn), n.

Defn: A denial. [R.] "Absolute renegation of Christ." Milman.

RENEGE
Re*nege" (r-nj" or r-ng"), v. t. Etym: [LL. renegare. See Renegade.]

Defn: To deny; to disown. [Obs.] Shak.
All Europe high (all sorts of rights reneged) Against the trith and
thee unholy leagued. Sylvester.

RENEGE
Re*nege", v. i.

1. To deny. [Obs.] Shak.

2. (Card Playing)

Defn: To revoke. [R.]

RENERVE
Re*nerve" (r-nrv"), v. t.

Defn: To nerve again; to give new vigor to; to reinvigorate.

RENEW
Re*new" (r-n"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reneved (-nd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Renewing.] Etym: [Pref. re- + new. Cf. Renovate.]

1. To make new again; to restore to freshness, perfection, or vigor;
to give new life to; to rejuvenate; to re
In such a night Medea gathered the enchanted herbs That did renew old
Shak.

2. Specifically, to substitute for (an old obligation or right) a new
one of the same nature; to continue in force; to make again; as, to
renew a lease, note, or patent.

3. To begin again; to recommence.
The last great age . . . renews its finished course. Dryden.

4. To repeat; to go over again.
The birds-their notes renew. Milton.

5. (Theol.)

Defn: To make new spiritually; to regenerate.
Be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind. Rom. xii. 2.

RENEW
Re*new", v. i.

Defn: To become new, or as new; to grow or begin again.

RENEWABILITY
Re*new`a*bil"i*ty (--bl"-t), n.

Defn: The quality or state of being renewable. [R.]

RENEWABLE
Re*new"a*ble (r-n"-b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being renewed; as, a lease renewable at pleasure.
Swift.

RENEWAL
Re*new"al (-al), n.

Defn: The act of renewing, or the state of being renewed; as, the
renewal of a treaty.

RENEWEDLY
Re*new"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Again; once more. [U.S.]

RENEWEDNESS
Re*new"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being renewed.

RENEWER
Re*new"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, renews.

RENEYE
Re*neye" (r-n"), v. t. Etym: [See Renay.]

Defn: To deney; to reject; to renounce. [Obs.]
For he made every man reneye his law. Chaucer.

RENG
Reng (rng), n. Etym: [See Rank, n.]

1. A rank; a row. [Obs.] "In two renges fair." Chaucer.

2. A rung or round of a ladder. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RENIDIFICATION
Re*nid`i*fi*ca"tion (r-nd`-f-k"shn), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The act of rebuilding a nest.

RENIFORM
Ren"i*form (rn"-frm; 277), a. Etym: [L. renes kidneys + -form: cf. F.
réniforme.]

Defn: Having the form or shape of a kidney; as, a reniform mineral; a
reniform leaf.

RENITENCE; RENITENCY
Re*ni"tence, Re*ni"ten*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rénitence.]

Defn: The state or quality of being renitent; resistance; reluctance.
Sterne.
We find a renitency in ourselves to ascribe life and irritability to
the cold and motionless fibers of plants. E. Darwin.

RENITENT
Re*ni"tent (-tent), a. Etym: [L. renitens, -entis, p. pr. of renit to
strive or struggle against, resist; pref. re- re- + niti to struggle
or strive: cf. F. rénitent.]

1. Resisting pressure or the effect of it; acting against impluse by
elastic force. "[Muscles] soft and yet renitent." Ray.

2. Persistently opposed.

RENNE
Ren"ne (rn"ne), v. t.

Defn: To plunder; -- only in the phrase "to rape and renne." See
under Rap, v. t., to snatch. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RENNE
Ren"ne, v. i.

Defn: To run. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RENNER
Ren"ner (-nr), n.

Defn: A runner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RENNET
Ren"net (rn"nt), n. Etym: [F. rainette, reinette, perhaps fr. raine a
tree frog, L. rana, because it is spotted like this kind of frog. Cf.
Ranunculus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name of many different kinds of apples. Cf. Reinette.
Mortimer.

RENNET
Ren"net, n. Etym: [AS. rinnan, rennan, to run, cf. gerinnan to
curdle, coagulate. . See Run, v.]

Defn: The inner, or mucous, membrance of the fourth stomach of the
calf, or other young ruminant; also, an infusion or preparation of
it, used for coagulating milk. [Written also runnet.] Cheese rennet.
(Bot.) See under Cheese.
 -- Rennet ferment (Physiol. Chem.), a ferment, present in rennet and
in variable quantity in the gastric juice of most animals, which has
the power of curdling milk. The ferment presumably acts by changing
the casein of milk from a soluble to an insoluble form.
 -- Rennet stomach (Anat.), the fourth stomach, or abomasum, of
ruminants.

RENNETED
Ren"net*ed, a.

Defn: Provided or treated with rennet. [R.] "Pressed milk renneted."
Chapman.

RENNETING
Ren"net*ing, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as 1st Rennet.

RENNING
Ren"ning (rn"nng), n.

Defn: See 2d Rennet. [Obs.]
Asses' milk is holden for to be thickest, and therefore they use it
instead of renning, to turn milk. Holland.

RENOMEE
Re`no*mee" (r`n-m"), n. Etym: [F. renomm.]

Defn: Renown. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RENOUNCE
Re*nounce" (r-nouns"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Renounced (-nounst"); p.
pr. & vb. n. Renouncing (-noun"sng).] Etym: [F. renoncer, L.
renuntiare to bring back word, announce, revoke, retract, renounce;
pref. re- re- + nuntiare to announce, fr. nuncius, a messenger. See
Nuncio, and cf. Renunciation.]

1. To declare against; to reject or decline formally; to refuse to
own or acknowledge as belonging to one; to disclaim; as, to renounce
a title to land or to a throne.

2. To cast off or reject deliberately; to disown; to dismiss; to
forswear.
This world I do renounce, and in your sights Shake patiently my great
affliction off. Shak.

3. (Card Playing)

Defn: To disclaim having a card of (the suit led) by playing a card
of another suit. To renounce probate (Law), to decline to act as the
executor of a will. Mozley & W.

Syn.
 -- To cast off; disavow; disown; disclaim; deny; abjure; recant;
abandon; forsake; quit; forego; resign; relinquish; give up;
abdicate.
 -- Renounce, Abjure, Recant.
 -- To renounce is to make an affirmative declaration of abandonment.
To abjure is to renounce with, or as with, the solemnity of an oath.
To recant is to renounce or abjure some proposition previously
affirmed and maintained.
From Thebes my birth I own; . . . since no disgrace Can force me to
renounce the honor of my race. Dryden.
Either to die the death, or to abjure Forever the society of man.
Shak.
Ease would recant Vows made in pain, as violent and void. Milton.

RENOUNCE
Re*nounce", v. i.

1. To make renunciation. [Obs.]
He of my sons who fails to make it good, By one rebellious act
renounces to my blood. Dryden.

2. (Law)

Defn: To decline formally, as an executor or a person entitled to
letters of administration, to take out probate or letters.
Dryden died without a will, and his widow having renounced, his son
Charles administered on June 10. W. D. Christie.

RENOUNCE
Re*nounce", n. (Card Playing)

Defn: Act of renouncing.

RENOUNCEMENT
Re*nounce"ment (-ment), n. Etym: [Cf. F. renoncement.]

Defn: The act of disclaiming or rejecting; renunciation. Shak.

RENOUNCER
Re*noun"cer (r-noun"sr), n.

Defn: One who renounces.

RENOVATE
Ren"o*vate (rn"-vt), v. t. Etym: [L. renovatus, p. p. of
renovare;pref. re- re- + novare to make new, fr. novus new. See New,
and Renew.]

Defn: To make over again; to restore to freshness or vigor; to renew.
All nature feels the reniovating force Of winter. Thomson.

RENOVATION
Ren`o**va"tion (-v"shn), n. Etym: [L.renovatio: cf. F. rénovation.]

Defn: The act or process of renovating; the state of being renovated
or renewed. Thomson.
There is something inexpressibly pleasing in the annual renovation of
the world. Rabbler.

RENOVATOR
Ren"o*va`tor (rn"-v`tr), n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. rénovateur.]

Defn: One who, or that which, renovates. Foster.

RENOVEL
Re*nov"el (r-nv"el), v. t. Etym: [F. renouveler to renew.]

Defn: To renew; to renovate. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RENOVELANCE
Re*nov"el*ance (-ans), n.

Defn: Renewal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RENOWME
Re*nowme" (r-noum"), n.

Defn: Renown. [Obs.]
The glory and renowme of the ancectors. Robynson (More's Utopia).

RENOWMED
Re*nowmed" (r-noumd"), a.

Defn: Renowned. [Obs.]

RENOWN
Re*nown" (r-noun"), n. Etym: [F. renom. See Noun, and cf. Renown, v.]

1. The state of being much known and talked of; exalted reputation
derived from the extensive praise of great achievements or
accomplishments; fame; celebrity; -- always in a good sense.
Nor envy we Thy great renown, nor grudge thy victory. Dryden.

2. Report of nobleness or exploits; praise.
This famous duke of Milan, Of whom so often I have heard renown.
Shak.

RENOWN
Re*nown" (r-noun"), v. t. Etym: [F. renommer to name again,
celebrate, make famous; pref. re- re- + nommer to name, L. nominare ,
fr. nomen a name. See Noun.]

Defn: To make famous; to give renown to. [Obs.]
For joi to hear me so renown his son. Chapman.
The bard whom pilfered pastorals renown. Pope.

RENOWNED
Re*nowned" (r-nound"), a.

Defn: Famous; celebrated for great achievements, for distinguished
qualities, or for grandeur; eminent; as, a renowned king. "Some
renowned metropolis with glistering spires." Milton.
These were the renouwned of the congregation. Num. i. 61.

Syn.
 -- Famous; famed; distinguished; noted; eminent; celebrated;
remarkable; wonderful. See Famous.

RENOWNEDLY
Re*nown"ed*ly (r-noun"d-l), adv.

Defn: With renown.

RENOWNER
Re*nown"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who gives renown. [R.]

RENOWNFUL
Re*nown"ful (-fl), a.

Defn: Having great renown; famous. "Renownful Scipio." Marston.

RENOWNLESS
Re*nown"less, a.

Defn: Without renown; inglorius.

RENSSELAERITE
Rens"se*laer*ite (rns"se-lr-t), n. (Min.)

Defn: A soft, compact variety of talc,, being an altered pyroxene. It
is often worked in a lathe into inkstands and other articles.

RENT
Rent (rnt), v. i.

Defn: To rant. [R. & Obs.] Hudibras.

RENT
Rent,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Rend.

RENT
Rent, n. Etym: [From Rend.]

1. An opening made by rending; a break or breach made by force; a
tear.
See what a rent the envious Casca made. Shak.

2. Figuratively, a schim; a rupture of harmony; a separation; as, a
rent in the church.

Syn.
 -- Fissure; breach; disrupture; rupture; tear; diaceration; break;
fracture.

RENT
Rent, v. t.

Defn: To tear. See Rend. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RENT
Rent, n. Etym: [F. rente, LL. renta, fr. L. reddita, fem. sing. or
neut. pl. of redditus, p. p. of reddere to give back, pay. See
Render.]

1. Incone; revenue. See Catel. [Obs.] "Catel had they enough and
rent." Chaucer.
[Bacchus] a waster was and all his rent In wine and bordel he
dispent. Gower.
So bought an annual rent or two, And liv'd, just as you see I do.
Pope.

2. Pay; reward; share; toll. [Obs.]
Death, that taketh of high and low his rent. Chaucer.

3. (Law)

Defn: A certain periodical profit, whether in money, provisions,
chattels, or labor, issuing out of lands and tenements in payment for
the use; commonly, a certain pecuniary sum agreed upon between a
tenant and his landlord, paid at fixed intervals by the lessee to the
lessor, for the use of land or its appendages; as, rent for a farm, a
house, a park, etc.

Note: The term rent is also popularly applied to compensation for the
use of certain personal chattles, as a piano, a sewing machine, etc.
Black rent. See Blackmail, 3.
 -- Forehand rent, rent which is paid in advance; foregift.
 -- Rent arrear, rent in arrears; unpaid rent. Blackstone.
 -- Rent charge (Law), a rent reserved on a conveyance of land in fee
simple, or granted out of lands by deed; -- so called because, by a
covenant or clause in the deed of conveyance, the land is charged
with a distress for the payment of it, Bouvier.
 -- Rent roll, a list or account of rents or income; a rental.
 -- Rent seck (Law), a rent reserved by deed, but without any clause
of distress; barren rent. A power of distress was made incident to
rent seck by Statue 4 George II. c. 28.
 -- Rent service (Eng. Law), rent reserved out of land held by fealty
or other corporeal service; -- so called from such service being
incident to it.
 -- White rent, a quitrent when paid in silver; -- opposed to black
rent.

RENT
Rent, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rented; p. pr. & vb. n. Renting.] Etym: [F.
renter. See Rent, n.]

1. To grant the possession and enjoyment of, for a rent; to lease;
as, the owwner of an estate or house rents it.

2. To take and hold under an agreement to pay rent; as, the tennant
rents an estate of the owner.

RENT
Rent, v. i.

Defn: To be leased, or let for rent; as, an estate rents for five
hundred dollars a year.

RENTABLE
Rent"a*ble (--b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being rented, or suitable for renting.

RENTAGE
Rent"age (-j), n. Etym: [Cf. OF. rentage.]

Defn: Rent. [Obs.]

RENTAL
Rent"al (-al), n. Etym: [LL. rentale, fr. renta. See Rent income.]

1. A schedule, account, or list of rents, with the names of the
tenants, etc.; a rent roll.

2. A sum total of rents; as, an estate that yields a rental of ten
thousand dollars a year.

RENTE
Rente (rnt), n. Etym: [F. See Rent income.]

Defn: In France, interest payable by government on indebtedness; the
bonds, shares, stocks, etc.,, which represent government
indebtedness.

RENTER
Rent"er (rnt"r), n.

Defn: One who rents or leases an estate; -- usually said of a lessee
or tenant.

RENTER
Ren"ter (rn"tr), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rentered (-trd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rentering.] Etym: [F. rentraire; L. pref. re- re- + in into, in +
trahere to draw.]

1. To sew together so that the seam is scarcely visible; to sew up
with skill and nicety; to finedraw.

2. To restore the original design of, by working in new warp; -- said
with reference to tapestry.

RENTERER
Ren"ter*er (-r), n.

Defn: One who renters.

RENTIER
Ren`tier" (rn`ty"), n. Etym: [F. See 5th Rent.]

Defn: One who has a fixed income, as from lands, stocks, or the like.

RENUMERATE
Re*nu"mer*ate (r-n"mr-t), v. t. Etym: [L. renumeratus, p. p. of
renumerare to count over, count up; pref. re- re- + numerare to
count. See Numerate.]

Defn: To recount.

RENUNCIATION
Re*nun`ci*a"tion (r-nn`s-"shn or -sh-"shn; 277), n. Etym: [Cf. F.
renonciation, L. renuntiatio ann announcement. See Renounce.]

1. The act of renouncing.

2. (Law)

Defn: Formal declination to take out letters of administration, or to
assume an office, privilege, or right.

Syn.
 -- Renouncement; disownment; disavowal; disavowment; disclaimer;
rejection; abjuration; recantation; denial; abandonment;
relinquishment.

RENUNCIATORY
Re*nun"ci*a*to*ry (r-nn"sh--t-r), a. Etym: [Cf. LL. renuntiatorius.]

Defn: Pertaining to renunciation; containing or declaring a
renunciation; as, renunciatory vows.

RENVERSE
Ren*verse" (rn-vErs"), v. t. Etym: [F. renverser; L. pref. re- re- +
in in, into + versare, v. intens. fr. vertere to turn.]

Defn: To reverse. [Obs.]
Whose shield he bears renverst. Spenser.

RENVERSE; RENVERSE
Ren*verse", or; Ren`ver`sé", a. Etym: [F. renversé, p. p. ] (Her.)

Defn: Reversed; set with the head downward; turned contrary to the
natural position.

RENVERSEMENT
Ren*verse"ment (-ment), n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A reversing. [Obs.]

RENVOY
Ren*voy" (-voi"), v. t. Etym: [F. renvoyer.]

Defn: To send back. [Obs.] "Not dismissing or renvoying her." Bacon.

RENVOY
Ren*voy", n. Etym: [F. renvoi.]

Defn: A sending back. [Obs.]

REOBTAIN
Re`ob*tain" (r`b-tn"), v. t.

Defn: To obtain again.

REOBTAINABLE
Re`ob*tain"a*ble (--b'l), a.

Defn: That may be reobtained.

REOCCUPY
Re*oc"cu*py (r-k"k-p), v. t.

Defn: To occupy again.

REOMETER
Re*om"e*ter (r-m"-t$r), n.

Defn: Same as Rheometer.

REOPEN
Re*o"pen (r-"p'n), v. t. & i.

Defn: To open again.

REOPPOSE
Re`op*pose" (r`p-pz"), v. t.

Defn: To oppose again.

REORDAIN
Re`or*dain" (r`r-dn"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- re- + ordain: cf. F.
réordonner.]

Defn: To ordain again, as when the first ordination is considered
defective. Bp. Burnet.

REORDER
Re*or"der (r-r"dr), v. t.

Defn: To order a second time.

REORDINATION
Re*or`di*na"tion, n.

Defn: A second ordination.

REORGANIZATION
Re*or`gan*i*za"tion (-gan--z"shn), n.

Defn: The act of reorganizing; a reorganized existence; as,
reorganization of the troops.

REORGANIZE
Re*or"gan*ize (r-r"gan-z), v. t. & i.

Defn: To organize again or anew; as, to reorganize a society or an
army.

REORIENT
Re*o"ri*ent (r-"r-ent), a.

Defn: Rising again. [R.]
The life reorient out of dust. Tennyson.

REOSTAT
Re"o*stat (r"-stt), n. (Physics)

Defn: See Rheostat.

REOTROPE
Re"o*trope (-trp), n. (Physics)

Defn: See Rheotrope.

REP
Rep (rp), n. Etym: [Prob. a corruption of rib: cf. F. reps.]

Defn: A fabric made of silk or wool, or of silk and wool, and having
a transversely corded or ribbed surface.

REP
Rep, a.

Defn: Formed with a surface closely corded, or ribbed transversely; -
- applied to textile fabrics of silk or wool; as, rep silk.

REPACE
Re*pace" (r-ps"), v. t.

Defn: To pace again; to walk over again in a contrary direction.

REPACIFY
Re*pac"i*fy (r-ps"-f), v. t.

Defn: To pacify again.

REPACK
Re*pack" (r-pk"), v. t.

Defn: To pack a second time or anew; as, to repack beef; to repack a
trunk.

REPACKER
Re*pack"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who repacks.

REPAGANIZE
Re*pa"gan*ize (r-p"gan-z), v. t.

Defn: To paganize anew; to bring back to paganism.

REPAID
Re*paid" (r-pd"),

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Repay.

REPAINT
Re*paint" (r-pnt"), v. t.

Defn: To paint anew or again; as, to repaint a house; to repaint the
ground of a picture.

REPAIR
Re*pair" (r-pr"), v. i. Etym: [OE. repairen, OF. repairier to return,
fr. L. repatriare to return to one's contry, to go home again; pref.
re- re- + patria native country, fr. pater father. See Father, and
cf. Repatriate.]

1. To return. [Obs.]
I thought . . . that he repaire should again. Chaucer.

2. To go; to betake one's self; to resort; ass, to repair to
sanctuary for safety. Chaucer.
Go, mount the winds, and to the shades repair. Pope.

REPAIR
Re*pair", n. Etym: [OF. repaire retreat, asylum, abode. See Repair to
go.]

1. The act of repairing or resorting to a place. [R.] Chaucer.
The king sent a proclamation for their repair to their houses.
Clarendon.

2. Place to which one repairs; a haunt; a resort. [R.]
There the fierce winds his tender force assail And beat him downward
to his first repair. Dryden.

REPAIR
Re*pair", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Repaired (-prd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Repairing.] Etym: [F. réparer, L. reparare; pref. re- re- + parare to
prepare. See Pare, and cf. Reparation.]

1. To restore to a sound or good state after decay, injury,
dilapidation, or partial destruction; to renew; to restore; to mend;
as, to repair a house, a road, a shoe, or a ship; to repair a
shattered fortune.
Secret refreshings that repair his strength. Milton.
Do thou, as thou art wont, repair My heart with gladness. Wordsworth.

2. To make amends for, as for an injury, by an equivalent; to
indemnify for; as, to repair a loss or damage.
I 'll repair the misery thou dost bear. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To restore, recover; renew; amend; mend; retrieve; recruit.

REPAIR
Re*pair", n.

1. Restoration to a sound or good state after decay, waste, injury,
or partial restruction; supply of loss; reparation; as, materials are
collected for the repair of a church or of a city.
Sunk down and sought repair Of sleep, which instantly fell on me.
Milton.

2. Condition with respect to soundness, perfectness, etc.; as, a
house in good, or bad, repair; the book is out of repair.

REPAIRABLE
Re*pair"a*ble (-*b'l), a.

Defn: Reparable. Gauden.

REPAIRER
Re*pair"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, repairs, restores, or makes amends.

REPAIRMENT
Re*pair"ment, n.

Defn: Act of repairing.

REPAND
Re*pand" (r*pnd), a. Etym: [L. repandus bent backward, turned up;
pref. re- re- + pandus bent, crooked.] (Bot. & Zool.)

Defn: Having a slightly undulating margin; -- said of leaves.

REPARABILITY
Rep`a*ra*bil"i*ty (rp`-r-bl"-t), n.

Defn: The quality or state of being reparable.

REPARABLE
Rep"a*ra*ble (rp"-r-b'l), a Etym: [L. reparabilis: cf. F. réparable.]

Defn: Capable of being repaired, restored to a sound or good state,
or made good; restorable; as, a reparable injury.

REPARABLY
Rep"a*ra*bly, adv.

Defn: In a reparable manner.

REPARATION
Rep`a*ra"tion (-r"shn), n. Etym: [F. réparation, L. reparatio. See
Repair to mend.]

1. The act of renewing, restoring, etc., or the state of being
renewed or repaired; as, the reparation of a bridge or of a highway;
-- in this sense, repair is oftener used. Arbuthnot.

2. The act of making amends or giving satisfaction or compensation
for a wrong, injury, etc.; also, the thing done or given; amends;
satisfaction; indemnity. make reparation or reparations.
I am sensible of the scandal I have given by my loose writings, and
make what reparation I am able. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Restoration; repair; restitution; compensation; amends;
satisfaction.

REPARATIVE
Re*par"a*tive (r-pr"-tv), a.

Defn: Repairing, or tending to repair. Jer. Taylor.

REPARATIVE
Re*par"a*tive, n.

Defn: That which repairs. Sir H. Wotton.

REPAREL
Re*par"el (-l), n. Etym: [Cf. Reapparel.]

Defn: A change of apparel; a second or different suit. [Obs.] Beau &
Fl.

REPARTEE
Rep`ar*tee" (rp`3r-t"), n. Etym: [F. repartie, fr. repartir to reply,
depart again; pref. re- re- partir to part, depart. See Part.]

Defn: A smart, ready, and witty reply.
Cupid was as bad as he; Hear but the youngster's repartee. Prior.

Syn.
 -- Retort; reply. See Retort.

REPARTEE
Rep`ar*tee", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Reparteed (-td"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reparteeing.]

Defn: To make smart and witty replies. [R.] Prior.

REPARTIMIENTO
Re`par*ti`mi*en"to (r`pr-t`m-n"t), n. Etym: [Sp., fr. repartir to
divide.]

Defn: A partition or distribution, especially of slaves; also, an
assessment of taxes. W. Irving.

REPARTOTION
Re`par*to"tion (r-pr-tsh"n), n.

Defn: Another, or an additional, separation into parts.

REPASS
Re*pass" (r-ps"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + pass: cf. F. repasser. Cf.
Repace.]

Defn: To pass again; to pass or travel over in the opposite
direction; to pass a second time; as, to repass a bridge or a river;
to repass the sea.

REPASS
Re*pass", v. i.

Defn: To pass or go back; to move back; as, troops passing and
repassing before our eyes.

REPASSAGE
Re*pas"sage (r-ps"sj;48), n.

Defn: The act of repassing; passage back. Hakluyt.

REPASSANT
Re*pas"sant (r-ps"sant), a. Etym: [Cf. F. repassant, p. pr.] (Her.)

Defn: Counterpassant.

REPAST
Re*past" (r-pst"), n. Etym: [OF. repast, F. repas, LL. repastus, fr.
L. repascere to feed again; pref. re- re- + pascere, pastum, to
pasture, feed. See Pasture.]

1. The act of taking food.
From dance to sweet repast they turn. Milton.

2. That which is taken as food; a meal; figuratively, any
refreshment. "Sleep . . . thy best repast." Denham.
Go and get me some repast. Shak.

REPAST
Re*past", v. t. & i.

Defn: To supply food to; to feast; to take food. [Obs.] "Repast them
with my blood." Shak.
He then, also, as before, left arbitrary the dieting and repasting of
our minds. Milton.

REPASTER
Re*past"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who takes a repast. [Obs.]

REPASTURE
Re*pas"ture (-ps"tr;135), n. Etym: [See Repast.]

Defn: Food; entertainment. [Obs.]
Food for his rage, repasture for his den. Shak.

REPATRIATE
Re*pa"tri*ate (r-p"tr-t), v. t. Etym: [L. repatriare. See 1st
Repair.]

Defn: To restore to one's own country.

REPATRIATION
Re*pa`tri*a"tion (-"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. LL. repatriatio return to
one's country.]

Defn: Restoration to one's country.

REPAY
Re*pay" (r-p"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Repaid (-pd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Repaying.] Etym: [Pref. re- + pay: cf. F. repayer.]

1. To pay back; to refund; as, to repay money borrowed or advanced.
If you repay me not on such a day, In such a place, such sum or sums.
Shak.

2. To make return or requital for; to recompense; -- in a good or bad
sense; as, to repay kindness; to repay an injury.
Benefits which can not be repaid . . . are not commonly found to
increase affection. Rambler.

3. To pay anew, or a second time, as a debt.

Syn.
 -- To refund; restore; return; recompense; compensate; remunerate;
satisfy; reimburse; requite.

REPAYABLE
Re*pay"a*ble (--b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being, or proper to be , repaid; due; as, a loan
repayable in ten days; services repayable in kind.

REPAYMENT
Re*pay"ment (-ment), n.

1. The act of repaying; reimbursement. Jer. Taylor.

2. The money or other thing repaid.

REPEAL
Re*peal" (r-pl"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Repealed (-pld"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Repealing.] Etym: [OF. repeler to call back, F. rappeler; pref.
re- re- + OF. apeler, F. appeler, to call, L. appellare. See Appeal,
and. cf. Repel.]

1. To recall; to summon again, as persons. [Obs.]
The banished Bolingbroke repeals himself, And with uplifted arms is
safe arrived. Shak.

2. To recall, as a deed, will, law, or statute; to revoke; to rescind
or abrogate by authority, as by act of the legislature; as, to repeal
a law.

3. To suppress; to repel. [Obs.]
Whence Adam soon repealed The doubts that in his heart arose. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To abolish; revoke; rescind; recall; annul; abrogate; cancel;
reverse. See Abolish.

REPEAL
Re*peal", n.

1. Recall, as from exile. [Obs.]
The tribunes are no soldiers; and their people Will be as rash in the
repeal, as hassty To expel him thence. Shak.

2. Revocation; abrogation; as, the repeal of a statute; the repeal of
a law or a usage.

REPEALABILITY
Re*peal`a*bil"i*ty (--bl"-t), n.

Defn: The quality or state of being repealable.

REPEALABLE
Re*peal"a*ble (r-pl"-b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being repealed.
 -- Re*peal"a*ble*ness, n.

Syn.
 -- Revocable; abrogable; voidable; reversible.

REPEALER
Re*peal"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who repeals; one who seeks a repeal; specifically, an
advocate for the repeal of the Articles of Union between Great
Britain and Ireland.

REPEALMENT
Re*peal"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: Recall, as from banishment. [Obs.]

REPEAT
Re*peat" (-pt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Repeated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Repeating.] Etym: [F. répéter, L. repetere; pref. re- re- + petere to
fall upon, attack. See Petition.]

1. To go over again; to attempt, do, make, or utter again; to
iterate; to recite; as, to repeat an effort, an order, or a poem. "I
will repeat our former communication." Robynson (More's Utopia).
Not well conceived of God; who, though his power Creation could
repeat, yet would be loth Us to abolish. Milton.

2. To make trial of again; to undergo or encounter again. [Obs.]
Waller.

3. (Scots Law)

Defn: To repay or refund (an excess received). To repeat one's self,
to do or say what one has already done or said.
 -- To repeat signals, to make the same signals again; specifically,
to communicate, by repeating them, the signals shown at headquarters.

Syn.
 -- To reiterate; iterate; renew; recite; relate; rehearse;
recapitulate. See Reiterate.

REPEAT
Re*peat" (r-pt"), n.

1. The act of repeating; repetition.

2. That which is repeated; as, the repeat of a pattern; that is, the
repetition of the engraved figure on a roller by which an impression
is produced (as in calico printing, etc.).

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A mark, or series of dots, placed before and after, or often
only at the end of, a passage to be repeated in performance.

REPEATEDLY
Re*peat"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: More than once; again and again; indefinitely.

REPEATER
Re*peat"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, repeats. Specifically:
(a) A watch with a striking apparatus which, upon pressure of a
spring, will indicate the time, usually in hours and quarters.
(b) A repeating firearm.
(c) (Teleg.) An instrument for resending a telegraphic message
automatically at an intermediate point.
(d) A person who votes more than once at an election. [U.S.]
(e) See Circulating decimal, under Decimal.
(f) (Naut.) A pennant used to indicate that a certain flag in a hoist
of signal is duplicated. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

REPEATING
Re*peat"ing, a.

Defn: Doing the same thing over again; accomplishing a given result
many times in succession; as, a repeating firearm; a repeating watch.
Repeating circle. See the Note under Circle, n., 3.
 -- Repeating decimal (Arith.), a circulating decimal. See under
Decimal.
 -- Repeating firearm, a firearm that may be discharged many times in
quick succession; especially: (a) A form of firearm so constructed
that by the action of the mechanism the charges are successively
introduced from a chamber containing them into the breech of the
barrel, and fired. (b) A form in which the charges are held in, and
discharged from, a revolving chamber at the breech of the barrel. See
Revolver, and Magazine gun, under Magazine.
 -- Repeating instruments (Astron. & Surv.), instruments for
observing angles, as a circle, theodolite, etc., so constructed that
the angle may be measured several times in succession, and different,
but successive and contiguous, portions of the graduated limb, before
reading off the aggregate result, which aggregate, divided by the
number of measurements, gives the angle, freed in a measure from
errors of eccentricity and graduation.
 -- Repeating watch. See Repeater (a)

REPEDATION
Rep"e*da"tion (rp`-da"shn), n. Etym: [L. repedare to step back; pref.
re- re- + pes, pedis, foot.]

Defn: A stepping or going back. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

REPEL
Re**pel" (r-pl"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Repelled (-pld"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Repelling.] Etym: [L. repellere, repulsum; pref. re- re- + pellere
to drive. See Pulse a beating, and cf. Repulse, Repeal.]

1. To drive back; to force to return; to check the advance of; to
repulse as, to repel an enemy or an assailant.
Hippomedon repelled the hostile tide. Pope.
They repelled each other strongly, and yet attracted each other
strongly. Macaulay.

2. To resist or oppose effectually; as, to repel an assault, an
encroachment, or an argument.
[He] gently repelled their entreaties. Hawthorne.

Syn.
 -- Tu repulse; resist; oppose; reject; refuse.

REPEL
Re*pel", v. i.

Defn: To act with force in opposition to force impressed; to exercise
repulsion.

REPELLENCE; REPELLENCY
Re*pel"lence, Re*pel"len*cy, n.

Defn: The principle of repulsion; the quality or capacity of
repelling; repulsion.

REPELLENT
Re*pel"lent (-lent), a. Etym: [L. repellens, -entis, p. pr. ]

Defn: Driving back; able or tending to repel.

REPELLENT
Re*pel"lent, n.

1. That which repels.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A remedy to repel from a tumefied part the fluids which render
it tumid. Dunglison.

3. A kind of waterproof cloth. Knight.

REPELLER
Re*pel"ler (-lr), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, repels.

REPENT
Re"pent (r"pnt), a. Etym: [L. repens, -entis, creeping, p. pr. of
repere to creep.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Prostrate and rooting; -- said of stems. Gray.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Reptant.

REPENT
Re*pent" (r-pnt"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Repented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Repenting.] Etym: [F. se repentir; L. pref. re- re- + poenitere to
make repent, poenitet me it repents me, I repent. See Penitent.]

1. To feel pain, sorrow, or regret, for what one has done or omitted
to do.
First she relents With pity; of that pity then repents. Dryden.

2. To change the mind, or the course of conduct, on account of regret
or dissatisfaction.
Lest, peradventure, the people repent when they see war, and they
return to Egypt. Ex. xiii. 17.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: To be sorry for sin as morally evil, and to seek forgiveness;
to cease to love and practice sin.
Except ye repent, ye shall likewise perish. Luke xii. 3.

REPENT
Re*pent", v. t.

1. To feel pain on account of; to remember with sorrow.
I do repent it from my very soul. Shak.

2. To feel regret or sorrow; -- used reflexively.
My father has repented him ere now. Dryden.

3. To cause to have sorrow or regret; -- used impersonally. [Archaic]
"And it repented the Lord that he had made man on the earth." Gen.
vi. 6.

REPENTANCE
Re*pent"ance (r-pnt"ans), n. Etym: [F. repentance.]

Defn: The act of repenting, or the state of being penitent; sorrow
for what one has done or omitted to do; especially, contrition for
sin. Chaucer.
Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation. 2. Cor. vii. 20.
Repentance is a change of mind, or a conversion from sin to God.
Hammond.
Repentance is the relinquishment of any practice from the conviction
that it has offended God. Sorrow, fear, and anxiety are properly not
parts, but adjuncts, of repentance; yet they are too closely
connected with it to be easily separated. Rambler.

Syn.
 -- Contrition; regret; penitence; contriteness; compunction. See
Contrition.

REPENTANT
Re*pent"ant (-ant), a. Etym: [F. repentant.]

1. Penitent; sorry for sin. Chaucer.
Thus they, in lowliest plight, repentant stood. Millton.

2. Expressing or showing sorrow for sin; as, repentant tears;
repentant ashes. "Repentant sighs and voluntary pains." Pope.

REPENTANT
Re*pent"ant, n.

Defn: One who repents, especially one who repents of sin; a penitent.

REPENTANTLY
Re*pent"ant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a repentant manner.

REPENTER
Re*pent"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who repents.

REPENTINGLY
Re*pent"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With repentance; penitently.

REPENTLESS
Re*pent"less, a.

Defn: Unrepentant. [R.]

REPEOPLE
Re*peo"ple (r-p"p'l), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + people: cf. F.
repeupler.]

Defn: To people anew.

REPERCEPTION
Re`per*cep"tion (r`pr-sp"shn), n.

Defn: The act of perceiving again; a repeated perception of the same
object.
No external praise can give me such a glow as my own solitary
reperception and ratification of what is fine. Keats.

REPERCUSS
Re`per*cuss" (-ks"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Repercussed (-kst");p. pr. &
vb. n. Repercussing.] Etym: [L. repercusus, p. p. of repercutere to
drive back; pref. re- re- + percutere. See Percussion.]

Defn: To drive or beat back; hence, to reflect; to reverberate.
Perceiving all the subjacent country, . . . to repercuss such a light
as I could hardly look against. Evelyn.

REPERCUSSION
Re`per*cus"sion (-ksh"n), n. Etym: [L. repercussio: cf. F.
répercussion.]

1. The act of driving back, or the state of being driven back;
reflection; reverberation; as, the repercussion of sound.
Ever echoing back in endless repercussion. Hare.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Rapid reiteration of the same sound.

3. (Med.)

Defn: The subsidence of a tumor or eruption by the action of a
repellent. Dunglison.

4. (Obstetrics)

Defn: In a vaginal examination, the act of imparting through the
uterine wall with the finger a shock to the fetus, so that it bounds
upward, and falls back again against the examining finger.

REPERCUSSIVE
Re`per*cuss"ive (-ks"v), a. Etym: [Cf. F. répercussif.]

1. Tending or able to repercuss; having the power of sending back;
causing to reverberate.
Ye repercussive rocks! repeat the sound. W. Pattison.

2. Repellent. [Obs.] "Blood is stanched by astringent and repecussive
medicines." Bacon.

3. Driven back; rebounding; reverberated. "Rages loud the
repercussive roar." Thomson.

REPERCUSSIVE
Re`per*cuss"ive, n.

Defn: A repellent. [Obs.] Bacon.

REPERTITIOUS
Rep`er*ti"tious (rp`r-tsh"s), a. Etym: [L. reperticius. See
Repertory.]

Defn: Found; gained by finding. [Obs.]

REPERTOIRE
Re`per`toire", n. Etym: [F. See Repertory.]

Defn: A list of drams, operas, pieces, parts, etc., which a company
or a person has rehearsed and is prepared to perform.

REPERTORY
Rep"er*to*ry (rp"r-t-r), n. Etym: [L. repertorium, fr. reperire to
find again; pref. re- re + parire, parere, to bring forth, procure:
cf. F. répertoire. Cf. Parent.]

1. A place in which things are disposed in an orderly manner, so that
they can be easily found, as the index of a book, a commonplace book,
or the like.

2. A treasury; a magazine; a storehouse.

3. Same as Répertoire.

REPERUSAL
Re`pe*rus"al (r`p-rz"al), n.

Defn: A second or repeated perusal.

REPERUSE
Re`pe*ruse" (-rz"), v. t.

Defn: To peruse again. Ld. Lytton.

REPETEND
Rep`e*tend (rp`-tnd"), n. Etym: [L. repetendus to be repeated, fr.
repetere to repeat.] (Math.)

Defn: That part of a circulating decimal which recurs continually, ad
infinitum: -- sometimes indicated by a dot over the first and last
repetend is 283.

REPETITION
Rep`e*ti"tion (rp`-tsh"n), n. Etym: [L. repetitio: cf. F. répétition.
See Repeat.]

1. The act of repeating; a doing or saying again; iteration.
I need not be barren of accusations; he hath faults, with surplus to
tire in repetition. Shak.

2. Recital from memory; rehearsal.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: The act of repeating, singing,

4. (Rhet.)

Defn: Reiteration, or repeating the same word, or the same sense in
different words, for the purpose of making a deeper impression on the
audience.

5. (Astron. & Surv.)

Defn: The measurement of an angle by successive observations with a
repeating instrument.

Syn.
 -- Iteration; rehearsal. See Tautology.

REPETITIONAL; REPETITIONARY
Rep`e*ti"tion*al. Rep`e*ti"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of the nature of, or containing, repetition. [R.]

REPETITIONER
Rep`e*ti"tion*er (-r), n.

Defn: One who repeats. [Obs.]

REPETITIOUS
Rep`e*ti"tious (-tsh"s), a.

Defn: Repeating; containing repetition. [U.S.] Dr. T. Dwight.

REPETITIVE
Re*pet"i*tive (r-pt"-tv), a.

Defn: Containing repetition; repeating. [R.]

REPETITOR
Rep"e*ti`tor (rp"-t`tr), n. Etym: [Cf. L. repetitor a reclaimer.]
(Ger.Univ.)

Defn: A private instructor.

REPINE
Re*pine" (r-pn"), v. i. Etym: [Pref. re- + pine to languish.]

1. To fail; to wane. [Obs.] "Reppening courage yields no foot to
foe." Spenser.

2. To continue pining; to feel inward discontent which preys on the
spirits; to indulge in envy or complaint; to murmur.
But Lachesis thereat gan to repine. Spenser.
What if the head, the eye, or ear repined To serve mere engines to
the ruling mind Pope.

REPINE
Re*pine", n.

Defn: Vexation; mortification. [Obs.] Shak.

REPINER
Re*pin"er (r-pn"r), n.

Defn: One who repines.

REPININGLY
Re*pin"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With repening or murmuring.

REPKIE
Rep"kie (rp"k), n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any edible sea urchin. [Alaska]

REPLACE
Re*place" (r-pls"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + place: cf. F. replacer.]

1. To place again; to restore to a former place, position, condition,
or the like.
The earl . . . was replaced in his government. Bacon.

2. To refund; to repay; to restore; as, to replace a sum of money
borrowed.

3. To supply or substitute an equivalent for; as, to replace a lost
document.
With Israel, religion replaced morality. M. Arnold.

4. To take the place of; to supply the want of; to fulfull the end or
office of.
This duty of right intention does not replace or supersede the duty
of consideration. Whewell.

5. To put in a new or different place.

Note: The propriety of the use of replace instead of displace,
supersede, take the place of, as in the third and fourth definitions,
is often disputed on account of etymological discrepancy; but the use
has been sanctioned by the practice of careful writers. Replaced
crystal (Crystallog.), a crystal having one or more planes in the
place of its edges or angles.

REPLACEABILITY
Re*place`a*bil"i*ty (--bl"-t), n.

Defn: The quality, state, or degree of being replaceable.

REPLACEABLE
Re*place"a*ble (r-pls"-b'l), a.

1. Capable or admitting of being put back into a place.

2. Admitting of having its place supplied by a like thing or an
equivalent; as, the lost book is replaceable.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: Capable of being replaced (by), or of being exchanged (for);
as, the hydrogen of acids is replaceable by metals or by basic
radicals.

REPLACEMENT
Re*place"ment (-ment), n.

1. The act of replacing.

2. (Crystallog.)

Defn: The removal of an edge or an angle by one or more planes.

REPLAIT
Re*plait" (r-plt"), v. t.

Defn: To plait or fold again; to fold, as one part over another,
again and again.

REPLANT
Re*plant" (rE-plnt"), v. t.

Defn: To plant again.

REPLANTABLE
Re*plant"a*ble (--b'l), a.

Defn: That may be planted again.

REPLANTATION
Re`plan*ta"tion (r`pln-t"shn), n.

Defn: The act of planting again; a replanting. [R.] Hallywell.

REPLEAD
Re*plead" (r-pld"), v. t. & i.

Defn: To plead again.

REPLEADER
Re*plead"er (-r), n. (Law)

Defn: A second pleading, or course of pleadings; also, the right of
pleading again.
Whenever a repleader is granted, the pleadings must begin de novo.
Blackstone.

REPLENISH
Re*plen"ish (r-pln"sh), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Replenished (-sht); p.
pr. & vb. n. Replenishing.] Etym: [OE. replenissen, OF. replenir; L.
pref. re- re- + plenus full. See Full, -ish, and cf. Replete.]

1. To fill again after having been diminished or emptied; to stock
anew; hence, to fill completely; to cause to abound.
Multiply and replenish the earth. Gen. i. 28.
The waters thus With fish replenished, and the air with fowl. Milton.

2. To finish; to complete; to perfect. [Obs.]
We smothered The most replenished sweet work of nature. Shak.

REPLENISH
Re*plen"ish, v. i.

Defn: To recover former fullness. [Obs.]
The humors will not replenish so soon. Bacon.

REPLENISHER
Re*plen"ish*er (-r), n.

Defn: One who replenishes.

REPLENISHMENT
Re*plen"ish*ment (-ment), n.

1. The act of replenishing, or the state of being replenished.

2. That which replenishes; supply. Cowper.

REPLETE
Re*plete" (r-plt"), a. Etym: [L. repletus, p. p. of replere to fill
again, fill up; pref. re- re- + plere to fill, akin to plenus full:
cf. F. replet corpulent. See Plenty, Replenish.]

Defn: Filled again; completely filled; full; charged; abounding. "His
words replete with guile." Milton.
When he of wine was replet at his feast. Chaucer.
In heads repiete with thoughts of other men. Cowper.

REPLETE
Re*plete", v. t.

Defn: To fill completely, or to satiety. [R.]

REPLETENESS
Re*plete"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being replete.

REPLETION
Re*ple"tion (r-pl"shn), n. Etym: [L. repletio a filling up: cf. F.
réplétion. See Replete.]

1. The state of being replete; superabundant fullness.
The tree had too much repletion, and was oppressed with its own sap.
Bacon.
Replecioun [overeating] ne made her never sick. Chaucer.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Fullness of blood; plethora.

REPLETIVE
Re*ple"tive (-tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. réplétif.]

Defn: Tending to make replete; filling.
 -- Re*ple"tive*ly, adv.

REPLETORY
Re*ple"to*ry (-t-r), a.

Defn: Repletive. [R.]

REPLEVIABLE
Re*plev"i*a*ble (r-plv"--b'l), a. Etym: [See Replevy.] (Law)

Defn: Capable of being replevied.

REPLEVIN
Re*plev"in (-n), n. Etym: [LL. replevina. See Replevy, and cf.
Plevin.]

1. (Law)

Defn: A personal action which lies to recover possession of goods and
chattle wrongfully taken or detained. Originally, it was a remedy
peculiar to cases for wrongful distress, but it may generally now be
brought in all cases of wrongful taking or detention. Bouvier.

2. The writ by which goods and chattles are replevied.

REPLEVIN
Re*plev"in, v. t. (Law)

Defn: To replevy.

REPLEVISABLE
Re*plev"i*sa*ble (--s-b'l), a. Etym: [OF. replevisable.]

Defn: Repleviable. Sir M. Hale.

REPLEVY
Re*plev"y (-), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Replevied (-d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Replevying.] Etym: [OF. replevir, LL. replevire. See Pledge,
Replevin.]

1. (Law)

Defn: To take or get back, by a writ for that purpose (goods and
chattels wrongfuly taken or detained), upon giving security to try
the right to them in a suit at law, and, if that should be determined
against the plaintiff, to return the property replevied.

2. (Old Eng.LAw)

Defn: To bail. Spenser.

REPLEVY
Re*plev"y (r-plv"), n.

Defn: Replevin. Mozley & W.

REPLICA
Rep"li*ca (rp"l-k), n. Etym: [It. See Reply, v. & n.]

1. (Fine Arts)

Defn: A copy of a work of art, as of a picture or satue, made by the
maker of the original.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Repetition.

REPLICANT
Rep"li*cant (rp"l-kant), n.

Defn: One who replies.

REPLICATE
Rep"li*cate (--kt), v. t.

Defn: To reply. [Obs.]

REPLICATE; REPLICATED
Rep"li*cate (l-kt), Rep"li*ca`ted (-k`td), a. Etym: [L. replicatus,
p. p. of replicare. See Reply.]

Defn: Folded over or backward; folded back upon itself; as, a
replicate leaf or petal; a replicate margin of a shell.

REPLICATION
Rep`li*ca"tion (-k"shn), n. Etym: [L. replicatio. See Reply.]

1. An answer; a reply. Shak.
Withouten any repplicacioun. Chaucer.

2. (Law Pleadings)

Defn: The reply of the plaintiff, in matters of fact, to the
defendant's plea.

3. Return or repercussion, as of sound; echo.
To hear the replication of your sounds. Shak.

4. A repetition; a copy. Farrar.

Syn.
 -- Answer; response; reply; rejoinder.

REPLIER
Re*pli"er (r-pl"r), n.

Defn: One who replies. Bacon.

REPLUM
Re"plum (r"plm), n. Etym: [L., doorcase.] (Bot.)

Defn: The framework of some pods, as the cress, which remains after
the valves drop off. Gray.

REPLY
Re*ply" (r-pl"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Replied (-pld"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Replying.] Etym: [OE. replien, OF. replier, F. répliquer, fr. L.
replicare to fold back, make a reply; pref. re- re- + plicare to
fold. See Ply, and cf. Replica.]

1. To make a return in words or writing; to respond; to answer.
O man, who art thou that repliest against God Rom. ix. 20.

2. (Law)

Defn: To answer a defendant's plea.

3. Figuratively, to do something in return for something done; as, to
reply to a signal; to reply to the fire of a battery.

Syn.
 -- To answer; respond; rejoin.

REPLY
Re*ply", v. t.

Defn: To return for an answer. Milton.
Lords, vouchsafe To give me hearing what I shall reply. Shak.

REPLY
Re*ply", n.; pl. Replies (-pl. Etym: [See Reply, v. i., and cf.
Replica.]

Defn: That which is said, written, or done in answer to what is said,
written, or done by another; an answer; a response.

Syn.
 -- Answer; rejoinder; response.
 -- Reply, Rejoinder, Answer. A reply is a distinct response to a
formal question or attack in speech or writing. A rejoinder is a
second reply (a reply to a reply) in a protracted discussion or
controversy. The word answer is used in two senses, namely (1), in
the most general sense of a mere response; as, the answer to a
question; or (2), in the sense of a decisive and satisfactory
confutation of an adversary's argument, as when we speak of a
triumphant answer to the speech or accusations of an opponent. Here
the noun corresponds to a frequent use of the verb, as when we say.
"This will answer (i.e., fully meet) the end in view;" "It answers
the purpose."

REPLYER
Re*ply"er (-r), n.

Defn: See Replier. Bacon.

REPOLISH
Re*pol"ish (r-pl"sh), v. t.

Defn: To polish again.

REPONE
Re*pone" (r-pn"), v. t. Etym: [L. reponere; pref. re- re- + ponere to
place.]

Defn: To replace. R. Baillie.

REPOPULATION
Re*pop`u*la"tion (r*pp`*l"shn), n.

Defn: The act of repeopling; act of furnishing with a population
anew.

REPORT
Re*port" (r-prt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reported; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reporting.] Etym: [F. reporter to carry back, carry (cf. rapporter;
see Rapport), L. reportare to bear or bring back; pref. re- re- +
portare to bear or bring. See Port bearing, demeanor.]

1. To refer. [Obs.]
Baldwin, his son, . . . succeeded his father; so like unto him that
we report the reader to the character of King Almeric, and will spare
the repeating his description. Fuller.

2. To bring back, as an answer; to announce in return; to relate, as
what has been discovered by a person sent to examine, explore, or
investigate; as, a messenger reports to his employer what he has seen
or ascertained; the committee reported progress.
There is no man that may reporten all. Chaucer.

3. To give an account of; to relate; to tell; to circulate publicly,
as a story; as, in the common phrase, it is reported. Shak.
It is reported among the heathen, and Gashmu saith it, that thou and
the Jews think to rebel. Neh. vi. 6.

4. To give an official account or statement of; as, a treasurer
reperts the recepts and expenditures.

5. To return or repeat, as sound; to echo. [Obs. or R.] "A church
with windowss only form above, that reporteth the voice thirteen
times." Bacon.

6. (Parliamentary Practice)

Defn: To return or present as the result of an examination or
consideration of any matter officially referred; as, the committee
reported the bill witth amendments, or reported a new bill, or
reported the results of an inquiry.

7. To make minutes of, as a speech, or the doings of a public body;
to write down from the lips of a speaker.

8. To write an account of for publication, as in a newspaper; as, to
report a public celebration or a horse race.

9. To make a statement of the conduct of, especially in an
unfavorable sense; as, to report a servant to his employer. To be
reported, or To be reported of, to be spoken of; to be mentioned,
whether favorably or unfavorably. Acts xvi. 2.
 -- To report one's self, to betake one's self, as to a superior or
one to whom service is due, and be in readiness to receive orders or
do service.

Syn.
 -- To relate; narrate; tell; recite; describe.

REPORT
Re*port" (r-prt"), v. i.

1. To make a report, or response, in respect of a matter inquired of,
a duty enjoined, or information expected; as, the committee will
report at twelve o'clock.

2. To furnish in writing an account of a speech, the proceedings at a
meeting, the particulars of an occurrence, etc., for publication.

3. To present one's self, as to a superior officer, or to one to whom
service is due, and to be in readiness for orders or to do service;
also, to give information, as of one's address, condition, etc.; as,
the officer reported to the general for duty; to report weekly by
letter.

REPORT
Re*port" (r-prt"), n. Etym: [Cf. F. rapport. See Report.v. t.]

1. That which is reported. Specifically:
(a) An account or statement of the results of examination or inquiry
made by request or direction; relation. "From Thetis sent as spies to
make report." Waller.
(b) A story or statement circulating by common talk; a rumor; hence,
fame; repute; reputation.
It was a true report that I heard in mine own land of thy acts and of
thy wisdom. 1 Kings x. 6.
Cornelius the centurion, a just man, and . . . of good report among
all the nation of the Jews. Acts x. 22.

(c) Sound; noise; as, the report of a pistol or cannon.
(d) An official statement of facts, verbal or written; especially, a
statement in writing of proceedings and facts exhibited by an officer
to his superiors; as, the reports of the heads af departments to
Congress, of a master in chancery to the court, of committees to a
legislative body, and the like.
(e) An account or statement of a judicial opinion or decision, or of
case argued and determined in a court of law, chancery, etc.; also,
in the plural, the volumes containing such reports; as, Coke's
Reports.
(f) A sketch, or a fully written account, of a speech, debate, or the
proceedings of a public meeting, legislative body, etc.

2. Rapport; relation; connection; reference. [Obs.]
The corridors worse, having no report to the wings they join to.
Evelyn.

Syn.
 -- Account; relation; narration; detail; description; recital;
narrative; story; rumor; hearsay.

REPORTABLE
Re*port"a*ble (--b'l), a.

Defn: Capable or admitting of being reported.

REPORTAGE
Re*port"age (-j), n.

Defn: SAme as Report. [Obs.]

REPORTER
Re*port"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who reports. Specifically: (a) An officer or person who
makees authorized statements of law proceedings and decisions, or of
legislative debates. (b) One who reports speeches, the proceedings of
public meetings, news, etc., for the newspapers.
Of our tales judge and reportour. Chaucer.

REPORTINGLY
Re*port"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By report or common fame.

REPORTORIAL
Re`por*to"ri*al (r`pr-t"r-al), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a reporter or reporters; as, the
reportorial staff of a newspaper.

REPOSAL
Re*pos"al (r-pz"al), n. Etym: [From Repose.]

1. The act or state of reposing; as, the reposal of a trust. Shak.

2. That on which one reposes. [Obs.] Burton.

REPOSANCE
Re*pos"ance (-ans), n.

Defn: Reliance. [Obs.] John Hall.

REPOSE
Re*pose" (r-pz") v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reposed (-pzd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reposing.] Etym: [F. reposer; L. pref. re- re- + pausare to pause.
See Pause, Pose, v.]

1. To cause to stop or to rest after motion; hence, to deposit; to
lay down; to lodge; to reposit. [Obs.]
But these thy fortunes let us straight repose In this divine cave's
bosom. Chapman.
Pebbles reposed in those cliffs amongst the earth . . . are left
behind. Woodward.

2. To lay at rest; to cause to be calm or quiet; to compose; to rest,
-- often reflexive; as, to repose one's self on a couch.
All being settled and reposed, the lord archibishop did present his
majesty to the lords and commons. Fuller.
After the toil of battle to repose Your wearied virtue. Milton.

3. To place, have, or rest; to set; to intrust.
The king reposeth all his confidence in thee. Shak.

REPOSE
Re*pose", v. i.

1. To lie at rest; to rest.
Within a thicket I reposed. Chapman.

2. Figuratively, to remain or abide restfully without anxiety or
alarms.
It is upon these that the soul may repose. I. Taylor.

3. To lie; to be supported; as, trap reposing on sand.

Syn.
 -- To lie; recline; couch; rest; sleep; settle; lodge; abide.

REPOSE
Re*pose", n. Etym: [F. repos. See Repose, v.]

1. A lying at rest; sleep; rest; quiet.
Shake off the golden slumber of repose. Shak.

2. Rest of mind; tranquillity; freedom from uneasiness; also, a
composed manner or deportment.

3. (Poetic)

Defn: A rest; a pause.

4. (Fine Arts)

Defn: That harmony or moderation which affords rest for the eue; --
opposed to the scattering and division of a subject into too many
unconnected parts, and also to anything which is overstrained; as, a
painting may want repose. Angle of repose (Physics), the inclination
of a plane at which a body placed on the plane would remain at rest,
or if in motion would roll or side down with uniform velocity; the
angle at which the various kinds of earth will stand when abandoned
to themselves.

Syn.
 -- Rest; recumbency; reclination; ease; quiet; quietness;
tranquillity; peace.

REPOSED
Re*posed" (r-pzd"), a.

Defn: Composed; calm; tranquil; at rest. Bacon.
 -- Re*pos"ed*ly (r, adv.
 -- Re*pos"ed*ness, n.

REPOSEFUL
Re*pose"ful (r-pz"fl), a.

Defn: Full of repose; quiet.

REPOSER
Re*pos"er (r-pz"r), n.

Defn: One who reposes.

REPOSIT
Re*pos"it (r-pz"t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reposited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Repositing.] Etym: [L. repositus, p. p. of reponere to put back;
pref. re- re- + ponere to put. See Position.]

Defn: To cause to rest or stay; to lay away; to lodge, as for safety
or preservation; to place; to store.
Others reposit their young in holes. Derham.

REPOSITION
Re`po*si"tion (r`p*zsh"n), n. Etym: [L. repositio.]

Defn: The act of repositing; a laying up.

REPOSITOR
Re*pos"i*tor (r*pz"*tr), n. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument employed for replacing a displaced organ or part.

REPOSITORY
Re*pos"i*to*ry (r*pz"*t$*r), n. Etym: [L. repositorium, repostorium:
cf. OF. repositoire.]

Defn: A place where things are or may be reposited, or laid up, for
safety or preservation; a depository. Locke.

REPOSSESS
Re`pos*sess" (r"pz*zs" or -ps*ss"), v. t.

Defn: To possess again; as, to repossess the land. Pope. To repossess
one's self of (something), to acquire again (something lost).

REPOSSESSION
Re`pos*ses"sion (r`pz-zsh"n or -ps ssh"n), n.

Defn: The act or the state of possessing again.

REPOSURE
Re*po"sure (r-p"shr; 135), n.

Defn: Rest; quiet.
In the reposure of most soft content. Marston.

REPOUR
Re*pour" (r-pr"), v. t.

Defn: To pour again.

REPOUSSAGE
Re*pous`sage", n. [F. See Repoussé.] (Art)

Defn: Art or process of hammering out or pressing thin metal from the
reverse side: (1) in producing repoussé work; (2) in leveling up any
part of an etched plate that has been worked so as to cause a
depression.

REPOUSSE
Re*pous`sé" (re -p`s"), a. Etym: [F., p. p. of repousser to thrust
back; pref re- + pousser to push. See Push.]
(a) Formed in relief, as a pattern on metal.
(b) Ornamented with patterns in relief made by pressing or hammering
on the reverse side; -- said of thin metal, or of a vessel made of
thin metal.
 -- n.

Defn: Repoussé work. Repoussé work, ornamentation of metal in relief
by pressing or hammering on the reverse side.

REPREFE
Re*prefe" (r-prf"), n.

Defn: Reproof. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REPREHEND
Rep`re*hend" (rp`r-hnd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reprehended; p. pr. &
vb. n. Reprehending.] Etym: [L. reprehendere, reprehensum, to hold
back, seize, check, blame; pref. re- re- + prehendere to lay hold of.
See Prehensile, and cf. Reprisal. ]

Defn: To reprove or reprimand with a view of restraining, checking,
or preventing; to make charge of fault against; to disapprove of; to
chide; to blame; to censure. Chaucer.
Aristippus being reprehended of luxury by one that was not rich, for
that he gave six crowns for a small fish. Bacon.
Pardon me for reprehending thee. Shak.
In which satire human vices, ignorance, and errors . . . are severely
reprehended. Dryden.
I nor advise nor reprehend the choice. J. Philips.

REPREHENDER
Rep`re*hend"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who reprehends.

REPREHENSIBLE
Rep`re*hen"si*ble (-hn"s-b'l), a. Etym: [L. reprehensibilis: cf. F.
répréhensible.]

Defn: Worthy of reprehension; culpable; censurable; blamable.
 -- Rep`re*hen"si*ble*ness, n.
 -- Rep`re*hen"si*bly, adv.

REPREHENSION
Rep`re*hen"sion (-shn), n. Etym: [L. reprehensio: cf. F.
répréhension.]

Defn: Reproof; censure; blame; disapproval.
This Basilius took as though his mistress had given him a secret
reprehension that he had not showed more gratefulness to Dorus. Sir
P. Sidney.

Syn.
 -- Censure; reproof; reprimand. See Admonition.

REPREHENSIVE
Rep`re*hen"sive (-hn"sv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. répréhensif.]

Defn: Containing reprehension; conveying reproof. South.
 -- Rep`re*hen"sive*ly, adv.

REPREHENSORY
Rep`re*hen"so*ry (-s-r), a.

Defn: Containing reproof; reprehensive; as, reprehensory complaint.
Johnson.

RE-PRESENT
Re`-pre*sent" (r`pr-znt"), v. t.

Defn: To present again; as, to re-present the points of an argument.

REPRESENT
Rep`re*sent" (rp`r-znt"), v. t. Etym: [F. repr, L. repraesentare,
repraesentatum; pref. re- re- + preesentare to place before, present.
See Present, v. t.]

1. To present again or anew; to present by means of something
standing in the place of; to exhibit the counterpart or image of; to
typify.
Before him burn Seven lamps, as in a zodiac representing The heavenly
fires. Milton.

2. To portray by pictoral or plastic art; to delineate; as, to
represent a landscape in a picture, a horse in bronze, and the like.

3. To portray by mimicry or action of any kind; to act the part or
character of; to personate; as, to represent Hamlet.

4. To stand in the place of; to supply the place, perform the duties,
exercise the rights, or receive the share, of; to speak and act with
authority in behalf of; to act the part of (another); as, an heir
represents his ancestor; an attorney represents his client in court;
a member of Congress represents his district in Congress.

5. To exhibit to another mind in language; to show; to give one's own
impressions and judgement of; to bring before the mind; to set forth;
sometimes, to give an account of; to describe.
He represented Rizzio's credit with the queen to be the chief and
only obstacle to his success in that demand. Robertson.
This bank is thought the greatest load on the Genoese, and the
managers of it have been represented as a second kind of senate.
Addison.

6. To serve as a sign or symbol of; as, mathematical symbols
represent quantities or relations; words represent ideas or things.

7. To bring a sensation of into the mind or sensorium; to cause to be
known, felt, or apprehended; to present.
Among these. Fancy next Her office holds; of all external things
Which he five watchful senses represent, She forms imaginations, aery
shapes. Milton.

8. (Metaph.)

Defn: To form or image again in consciousness, as an object of
cognition or apprehension (something which was originally apprehended
by direct presentation). See Presentative,3.
The general capability of knowledge necessarily requires that,
besides the power of evoking out of unconsciousness one portion of
our retained knowledge in preference to another, we posses the
faculty of representing in consciousness what is thus evoked . . .
This representative Faculty is Imagination or Phantasy. Sir. W.
Hamilton.

REPRESENTABLE
Rep`re*sent"a*ble (--b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being represented.

REPRESENTANCE
Rep`re*sent"ance (-ans), n.

Defn: Representation; likeness. [Obs.] Donne.

REPRESENTANT
Rep`re*sent"ant (-ant), a. Etym: [Cf. F. repr.]

Defn: Appearing or acting for another; representing.

REPRESENTANT
Rep`re*sent"ant, n. Etym: [F. representant.]

Defn: A representative. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

REPRESENTATION
Rep`re*sen*ta"tion (-zn-t"shn), n. Etym: [F. repr, L. representatio.]

1. The act of representing, in any sense of the verb.

2. That which represents. Specifically:
(a) A likeness, a picture, or a model; as, a representation of the
human face, or figure, and the like.
(b) A dramatic performance; as, a theatrical representation; a
representation of Hamlet.
(c) A description or statement; as, the representation of an
historian, of a witness, or an advocate.
(d) The body of those who act as representatives of a community or
society; as, the representation of a State in Congress.
(e) (Insurance Law) Any collateral statement of fact, made orally or
in writing, by which an estimate of the risk is affected, or either
party is influenced.

3. The state of being represented.

Syn.
 -- Description; show; delineaton; portraiture; likeness;
resemblance; exhibition; sight.

RE-PRESENTATION
Re-pres`en*ta"tion (r-prez`n-t"shn), n. Etym: [See Re-present.]

Defn: The act of re-presenting, or the state of being presented
again; a new presentation; as, re-presentation of facts previously
stated.

REPRESENTATIONARY
Rep`re*sen*ta"tion*a*ry (rp`r--zn-t"shn--r), a.

Defn: Implying representation; representative. [R.]

REPRESENTATIVE
Rep`re*sent"a*tive (-znt`-tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. repr.]

1. Fitted to represent; exhibiting a similitude.

2. Bearing the character or power of another; acting for another or
others; as, a council representative of the people. Swift.

3. Conducted by persons chosen to represent, or act as deputies for,
the people; as, a representative government.

4. (Nat.Hist.)
(a) Serving or fitted to present the full characters of the type of a
group; typical; as, a representative genus in a family.
(b) Similar in general appearance, structure, and habits, but living
in different regions; -- said of certain species and varieties.

5. (Metaph.)

Defn: Giving, or existing as, a transcript of what was originally
presentative knowledge; as, representative faculties; representative
knowledge. See Presentative, 3 and Represent, 8.

REPRESENTATIVE
Rep`re*sent"a*tive, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. repraesentativus.]

1. One who, or that which, represents (anything); that which exhibits
a likeness or similitude.
A statute of Rumor, whispering an idiot in the ear, who was the
representative of Credulity. Addison.
Difficulty must cumber this doctrine which supposes that the
perfections of God are the representatives to us of whatever we
perceive in the creatures. Locke.

2. An agent, deputy, or substitute, who supplies the place of
another, or others, being invested with his or their authority.

3. (Law)

Defn: One who represents, or stands in the place of, another.

Note: The executor or administrator is ordinarily held to be the
representative of a deceased person, and is sometimes called the
legal representative, or the personal representative. The heir is
sometimes called the real representative of his deceased ancestor.
The heirs and executors or administrators of a deceased person are
sometimes compendiously described as his real and personal
representatives. Wharton. Burrill.

4. A member of the lower or popular house in a State legislature, or
in the national Congress. [U.S.]

5. (Nat.Hist.)
(a) That which presents the full character of the type of a group.
(b) A species or variety which, in any region, takes the place of a
similar one in another region.

REPRESENTATIVELY
Rep`re*sent"a*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a representative manner; vicariously.

REPRESENTATIVENESS
Rep`re*sent"a*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being representative.
Dr. Burnet observes, that every thought is attended with
conssciousness and representativeness. Spectator.

REPRESENTER
Rep`re*sent"er (-r), n.

1. One who shows, exhibits, or describes. Sir T. Browne.

2. A representative. [Obs.] Swift.

REPRESENTMENT
Rep`re*sent"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: Representation. [Obs.]

REPRESS
Re*press" (r-prs"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + press.]

Defn: To press again.

REPRESS
Re*press" (r-prs"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + press: cf. L. reprimere,
repressum. Cf. Reprimand.]

1. To press back or down effectually; to crush down or out; to quell;
to subdue; to supress; as, to repress sedition or rebellion; to
repress the first risings of discontent.

2. Hence, to check; to restrain; to keep back.
Desire of wine and all delicious drinks, . . . Thou couldst repress.
Milton.

Syn.
 -- To crush; overpower; subdue; suppress; restrain; quell; curb;
check.

REPRESS
Re*press", n.

Defn: The act of repressing. [Obs.]

REPRESSER
Re*press"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, represses.

REPRESSIBLE
Re*press"i*ble (--b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being repressed.

REPRESSION
Re*pres"sion (r-prsh"n), n. Etym: [Cf. F. répression.]

1. The act of repressing, or state of being repressed; as, the
repression of evil and evil doers.

2. That which represses; check; restraint.

REPRESSIVE
Re*press"ive (r-prs"v), a. Etym: [Cf. F. répressif. LL. repressivus.]

Defn: Having power, or tending, to repress; as, repressive acts or
measures.
 -- Re*press"ive*ly, adv.

REPREVABLE
Re*prev"a*ble (r-prv"-b'l), a.

Defn: Reprovable. [Obs.]

REPREVE
Re*preve" (r-prv"), v. t. Etym: [See Reprieve, v. t.]

Defn: To reprove. [Obs.] "Repreve him of his vice." Chaucer.

REPREVE
Re*preve", n.

Defn: Reproof. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REPRIEFE
Re*priefe" (r-prf"), n.

Defn: Repreve. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REPRIEVAL
Re*priev"al (r-prv"al), n.

Defn: Reprieve. Overbury.

REPRIEVE
Re*prieve (r-prv"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reprieved (-prvd"); p. pr. &
vb. n. Reprieving.] Etym: [OE. repreven to reject, disallow, OF.
reprover to blame, reproach, condemn (pres. il reprueve), F.
réprouver to disapprove, fr. L. reprobare to reject, condemn; pref.
re- re- + probare to try, prove. See Prove, and cf. Reprove,
Reprobate.]

1. To delay the punishment of; to suspend the execution of sentence
on; to give a respite to; to respite; as, to reprieve a criminal for
thirty days.
He reprieves the sinnner from time to time. Rogers.

2. To relieve for a time, or temporarily.
Company, thought it may reprieve a man from his melaneholy yet can
not secure him from his conscience. South.

REPRIEVE
Re*prieve" (r-prv"), n.

1. A temporary suspension of the execution of a sentence, especially
of a sentence of death.
The morning Sir John Hotham was to die, a reprieve was sent to
suspend the execution for three days. Clarendon.

2. Interval of ease or relief; respite.
All that I ask is but a short reprieve, ll I forget to love, and
learn to grieve. Denham.

REPRIMAND
Rep"ri*mand (rp"r-mnd), n. Etym: [F. réprimande, fr. L. reprimendus,
reprimenda, that is to be checked or suppressed, fr. reprimere to
check, repress; pref. re- re + premere to press. See Press, and cf.
Repress.]

Defn: Severe or formal reproof; reprehension, private or public.
Goldsmith gave his landlady a sharp reprimand for her treatment of
him. Macaulay.

REPRIMAND
Rep"ri*mand, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reprimanded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reprimanding.] Etym: [Cf. F. réprimander. See Reprimand, n.]

1. To reprove severely; to reprehend; to chide for a fault; to
consure formally.
Germanicus was severely reprimanded by Tiberius for traveling into
Egypt without his permission. Arbuthnot.

2. To reprove publicly and officially, in execution of a sentence;
as, the court ordered him to be reprimanded.

Syn.
 -- To reprove; reprehend; chide; rebuke; censure; blame. See
Reprove.

REPRIMANDER
Rep"ri*mand`er (-mnd`r), n.

Defn: One who reprimands.

REPRIMER
Re*prim"er (r-prm"r), n. (Firearms)

Defn: A machine or implement for applying fresh primers to spent
cartridge shells, so that the shells be used again.

REPRINT
Re*print" (r-prnt"), v. t.

1. To print again; to print a second or a new edition of.

2. To renew the impression of.
The whole business of our redemption is . . . to reprint God's image
upon the soul. South.

REPRINT
Re"print` (r"prnt`), n.

Defn: A second or a new impression or edition of any printed work;
specifically, the publication in one country of a work previously
published in another.

REPRINTER
Re*print"er (r-prnt"r), n.

Defn: One who reprints.

REPRISAL
Re*pris"al (r-priz"al), n. Etym: [F. repr, It. ripresaglia,
rappresaglia, LL. reprensaliae, fr. L. reprehendere, reprehensum. See
Reprehend, Reprise.]

1. The act of taking from an enemy by way of reteliation or
indemnity.
Debatable ground, on which incursions and reprisals continued to take
place. Macaulay.

2. Anything taken from an enemy in retaliation.

3. The act of retorting on an enemy by inflicting suffering or death
on a prisoner taken from him, in retaliation for an act of
inhumanity. Vattel (Trans. )

4. Any act of retaliation. Waterland. Letters of marque and reprisal.
See under Marque.

REPRISE
Re*prise" (r-prz"), n. Etym: [F. reprise, fr. reprendre, repris, to
take back, L. reprehendere. See Reprehend.]

1. A taking by way of retaliation. [Obs.] Dryden.

2. pl. (Law)

Defn: Deductions and duties paid yearly out of a manor and lands, as
rent charge, rent seck, pensions, annuities, and the like. [Written
also reprizes.] Burrill.

3. A ship recaptured from an enemy or from a pirate.

REPRISE
Re*prise", v. t. Etym: [Written also reprize.]

1. To take again; to retake. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To recompense; to pay. [Obs.]

REPRISTINATE
Re*pris"tin*ate (r-prs"tn-t), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + pristine.]

Defn: To restore to an original state. [R.] Shedd.

REPRISTINATION
Re*pris`ti*na"tion (-t-n"shn), n.

Defn: Restoration to an original state; renewal of purity. [R.] R.
Browning.

REPRIVE
Re*prive" (r-prv"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + L. privare to deprive.]

Defn: To take back or away. [Obs.] Spenser.

REPRIVE
Re*prive", v. t.

Defn: To reprieve. [Obs.] Howell.

REPRIZE
Re*prize" (-prz"), v. t.

Defn: See Reprise. [Obs.] Spenser.

REPRIZES
Re*priz"es (-prz"z), n.pl. (Law)

Defn: See Repise, n., 2.

REPROACH
Re*proach" (r-prch"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reproached (-prcht"); p.
pr. & vb. n. Reproaching.] Etym: [F. reprocher, OF. reprochier,
(assumed) LL. reproriare; L. pref. re- again, against, back + prope
near; hence, originally, to bring near to, throw in one's teeth. Cf.
Approach.]

1. To come back to, or come home to, as a matter of blame; to bring
shame or disgrace upon; to disgrace. [Obs.]
I thought your marriage fit; else imputation, For that he knew you,
might reproach your life. Shak.

2. To attribute blame to; to allege something disgracefull against;
to charge with a fault; to censure severely or contemptuously; to
upbraid.
If ye be reproached for the name of Christ. 1 Peter iv. 14.
That this newcomer, Shame, There sit not, and reproach us as unclean.
Milton.
Mezentius . . . with his ardor warmed His fainting friends,
reproached their shameful flight. Repelled the victors. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To upbraid; censure; blame; chide; rebuke; condemn; revile;
vilify.

REPROACH
Re*proach", n. Etym: [F. reproche. See Reproach, v.]

1. The act of reproaching; censure mingled with contempt;
contumelious or opprobrious language toward any person; abusive
reflections; as, severe reproach.
No reproaches even, even when pointed and barbed with the sharpest
wit, appeared to give him pain. Macaulay.
Give not thine heritage to reproach. Joel ii. 17.

2. A cause of blame or censure; shame; disgrace.

3. An object of blame, censure, scorn, or derision.
Come, and let us build up the wall of Jerusalem, that we be no more a
reproach. Neh. ii. 17.

Syn.
 -- Disrepute; discredit; dishonor; opprobrium; invective; contumely;
reviling; abuse; vilification; scurrility; insolence; insult; scorn;
contempt; ignominy; shame; scandal;; disgrace; infamy.

REPROACHABLR
Re*proach"a*blr (--b'l), a. Etym: [Cf. F. reprochable.]

1. Deserving reproach; censurable.

2. Opprobrius; scurrilous. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.
 -- Re*proach"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Re*proach"a*bly, adv.

REPROACHER
Re*proach"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who reproaches.

REPROACHFUL
Re*proach"ful (-fl), a.

1. Expressing or containing reproach; upbraiding; opprobrious;
abusive.
The reproachful speeches . . . That he hath breathed in my dishonor
here. Shak.

2. Occasioning or deserving reproach; shameful; base; as, a
reproachful life.

Syn.
 -- Opprobrious; contumelious; abusive; offensive; insulting;
contemptuous; scornful; insolent; scurrilous; disreputable;
discreditable; dishonorable; shameful; disgraceful; scandalous; base;
vile; infamous.
 -- Re*proach"ful*ly (r, adv.
 -- Re*proach"ful*ness, n.

REPROACHLESS
Re*proach"less, a.

Defn: Being without reproach.

REPROBACY
Rep"ro*ba*cy (rp"r-b-c), n.

Defn: Reprobation. [R.]

REPROBANCE
Rep"ro*bance (-bans), n.

Defn: Reprobation. [Obs.] Shak.

REPROBATE
Rep"ro*bate (-bt), a. Etym: [L. reprobatus, p. p. of reprobare to
disapprove, condemn. See Reprieve, Reprove.]

1. Not enduring proof or trial; not of standard purity or fineness;
disallowed; rejected. [Obs.]
Reprobate silver shall men call them, because the Lord hath rejected
them. Jer. vi. 30.

2. Abandoned to punishment; hence, morally abandoned and lost; given
up to vice; depraved.
And strength, and art, are easily outdone By spirits reprobate.
Milton.

3. Of or pertaining to one who is given up to wickedness; as,
reprobate conduct. "Reprobate desire." Shak.

Syn.
 -- Abandoned; vitiated; depraved; corrupt; wicked; profligate; base;
vile. See Abandoned.

REPROBATE
Rep"ro*bate, n.

Defn: One morally abandoned and lost.
I acknowledge myself for a reprobate, a villain, a traitor to the
king. Sir W. Raleigh.

REPROBATE
Rep"ro*bate (-bt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reprobated (-b`td); p. pr. &
vb. n. Reprobating.]

1. To disapprove with detestation or marks of extreme dislike; to
condemn as unworthy; to disallow; to reject.
Such an answer as this is reprobated and disallowed of in law; I do
not believe it, unless the deed appears. Ayliffe.
Every scheme, every person, recommended by one of them, was
reprobated by the other. Macaulay.

2. To abandon to punishment without hope of pardon.

Syn.
 -- To condemn; reprehend; censure; disown; abandon; reject.

REPROBATENESS
Rep"ro*bate*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being reprobate.

REPROBATER
Rep"ro*ba`ter (-b`tr), n.

Defn: One who reprobates.

REPROBATION
Rep`ro*ba"tion (-b`shn), n. Etym: [F. réprobation, or L. reprobatio.]

1. The act of reprobating; the state of being reprobated; strong
disapproval or censure.
The profligate pretenses upon which he was perpetually soliciting an
increase of his disgraceful stipend are mentioned with becoming
reprobation. Jeffrey.
Set a brand of reprobation on clipped poetry and false coin. Dryden.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: The predestination of a certain number of the human race as
reprobates, or objects of condemnation and punishment.

REPROBATIONER
Rep`ro*ba"tion*er (-r), n. (Theol.)

Defn: One who believes in reprobation. See Reprobation,2. South.

REPROBATIVE
Rep"ro*ba*tive (-b-tv), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to reprobation; expressing reprobation.

REPROBATORY
Rep"ro*ba`to*ry (-b`t-r), a.

Defn: Reprobative.

REPRODUCE
Re`pro*duce" (r`pr-ds"), v. t.

Defn: To produce again. Especially:
(a) To bring forward again; as, to reproduce a witness; to reproduce
charges; to reproduce a play.
(b) To cause to exist again.
Those colors are unchangeable, and whenever all those rays with those
their colors are mixed again they reproduce the same white light as
before. Sir I. Newton.

(c) To produce again, by generation or the like; to cause the
existence of (something of the same class, kind, or nature as another
thing); to generate or beget, as offspring; as, to reproduce a rose;
some animals are reproduced by gemmation.
(d) To make an image or other representation of; to portray; to cause
to exist in the memory or imagination; to make a copy of; as, to
reproduce a person's features in marble, or on canvas; to reproduce a
design.

REPRODUCER
Re`pro*du"cer (-d"sr), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, reproduces. Burke.

REPRODUCTION
Re`pro*duc"tion (-dk"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. reproduction.]

1. The act or process of reproducing; the state of being reproduced;
specifically (Biol.),

Defn: the process by which plants and animals give rise to offspring.

Note: There are two distinct methods of reproduction; viz.: asexual
reproduction (agamogenesis) and sexual reproduction (gamogenesis). In
both cases the new individual is developed from detached portions of
the parent organism. In asexual reproduction (gemmation, fission,
etc.), the detached portions of the organism develop into new
individuals without the intervention of other living matter. In
sexual reproduction, the detached portion, which is always a single
cell, called the female germ cell, is acted upon by another portion
of living matter, the male germ cell, usually from another organism,
and in the fusion of the two (impregnation) a new cell is formed,
from the development of which arises a new individual.

2. That which is reproduced.

REPRODUCTIVE
Re`pro*duc"tive (-tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. reproductif.]

Defn: Tending, or pertaining, to reproduction; employed in
reproduction. Lyell.

REPRODUCTORY
Re`pro*duc"to*ry (-t-r), a.

Defn: Reproductive.

REPROOF
Re*proof" (r-prf"), n. Etym: [OE. reproef. See Proof, Reprove.]

1. Refutation; confutation; contradiction. [Obs.]

2. An expression of blame or censure; especially, blame expressed to
the face; censure for a fault; chiding; reproach.
Those best can bear reproof who merit praise. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Admonition; reprehension; chiding; reprimand; rebuke; censure;
blame. See Admonition.

REPROVABLE
Re*prov"a*ble (r-prv"-b'l), a. Etym: [Cf. F. r.]

Defn: Worthy of reproof or censure. Jer. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- Blamable; blameworthy; censurable; reprehensible; culpable;
rebukable. --Re*prov"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Re*prov"a*bly, adv.

REPROVAL
Re*prov"al (-al), n.

Defn: Reproof. Sir P. Sidney.

REPROVE
Re*prove" (r-prv"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reproved (-prvd"); p. pr. &
vb. n. Reproving.] Etym: [F. réprouver, OF. reprover, fr. L.
reprobare. See Reprieve, Reprobate, and cf. Reproof.]

1. To convince. [Obs.]
When he is come, he will reprove the world of sin, and of
righteousness, and of judgment. John xvi. 9.

2. To disprove; to refute. [Obs.]
Reprove my allegation, if you can. Shak.

3. To chide to the face as blameworthy; to accuse as guilty; to
censure.
What if thy son
Prove disobedient, and, reproved, retort, "Wherefore didst thou beget
me" Milton.

4. To express disapprobation of; as, to reprove faults.
He neither reproved the ordinance of John, neither plainly condemned
the fastings of the other men. Udall.

Syn.
 -- To reprehend; chide; rebuke; scold; blame censure.
 -- Reprove, Rebuke, Reprimand. These words all signufy the
expression of disapprobation. To reprove implies greater calmness and
self-possession. To rebuke implies a more excited and personal
feeling. A reproof may be administered long after the offience is
committed, and is usually intended for the reformation of the
offender; a rebuke is commonly given at the moment of the wrong, and
is administered by way of punishment and condemnation. A reprimand
proceeds from a person invested with authority, and is a formal and
offiscial act. A child is reproved for his faults, and rebuked for
his impudence. A military officer is reprimanded for neglect or
violation of duty.

REPROVER
Re*prov"er (r-prv"r), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, reproves.

REPROVINGLY
Re*prov"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a reproving manner.

REPRUNE
Re*prune" (r-prn"), v. t.

Defn: To prune again or anew.
Yet soon reprunes her wing to soar anew. Young.

REP-SILVER
Rep"-sil`ver (rp"sl`vr), n. Etym: [See Reap.]

Defn: Money anciently paid by servile tenants to their lord, in lieu
of the customary service of reaping his corn or grain.

REPTANT
Rep"tant (rp"tant), a. Etym: [L. reptans, -antis, p. pr. of reptare,
v. intens. from repere to creep. See Reptile.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Repent.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Creeping; crawling; -- said of reptiles, worms, etc.

REPTANTIA
Rep*tan"ti*a (rp-tn"sh-), n.pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A divisiom of gastropods; the Pectinibranchiata.

REPTATION
Rep*ta"tion (rp-t"shn), n. Etym: [L. reptatio, from reptare: cf. F.
reptation.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The act of creeping.

REPTATORY
Rep"ta*to*ry (rp"t-t-r), a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Creeping.

REPTILE
Rep"tile (rp"tl;277), a. Etym: [F. reptile, L. reptilis, fr. repere,
reptum, to creep; cf. Lith. reploti; perh. akin to L. serpere. Cf.
Serpent.]

1. Creeping; moving on the belly, or by means of small and short
legs.

2. Hence: Groveling; low; vulgar; as, a reptile race or crew; reptile
vices.
There is also a false, reptile prudence, the result not of caution,
but of fear. Burke.
And dislodge their reptile souls From the bodies and forms of men.
Coleridge.

REPTILE
Rep"tile, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal that crawls, or moves on its belly, as snakes,, or by
means of small, short legs, as lizards, and the like.
An inadvertent step may crush the snail That crawls at evening in the
public path; But he that has humanity, forewarned, Will tread aside,
and let the reptile live. Cowper.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Reptilia, or one of the Amphibia.

Note: The amphibians were formerly classed with Reptilia, and are
still popularly called reptiles, though much more closely allied to
the fishes.

3. A groveling or very mean person.

REPTILIA
Rep*til"i*a (rp-tl"-), n.pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of air-breathing oviparous vertebrates, usually covered
with scales or bony plates. The heart generally has two auricles and
one ventricle. The development of the young is the same as that of
birds.

Note: It is nearly related in many respects to Aves, or birds. The
principal existing orders are Testidunata or Chelonia (turtles),
Crocodilia, Lacertilla (lizards), Ophidia (serpents), and
Rhynchocephala; the chief extinct orders are Dinosauria, Theremorpha,
Mosasauria, Pterosauria, Plesiosauria, Ichtyosauria.

REPTILIAN
Rep*til"i*an (-an), a.

Defn: Belonging to the reptiles. Reptilian age (Geol.), that part of
geological time comprising the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous
periods, and distinguished as that era in which the class of reptiles
attained its highest expansion; -- called also the Secondary or
Mezozoic age.

REPTILIAN
Rep*til"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Reptilia; a reptile.

REPUBLIC
Re*pub"lic (r-pb"lk), n. Etym: [F. république, L. respublica
commonwealth; res a thing, an affair + publicus, publica, public. See
Real, a., and Public.]

1. Common weal. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. A state in which the sovereign power resides in the whole body of
the people, and is exercised by representatives elected by them; a
commonwealth. Cf. Democracy, 2.

Note: In some ancient states called republics the sovereign power was
exercised by an hereditary aristocracy or a privileged few,
constituting a government now distinctively called an aristocracy. In
some there was a division of authority between an aristocracy and the
whole body of the people except slaves. No existing republic
recognizes an exclusive privilege of any class to govern, or
tolerates the institution of slavery. Republic of letters, The
collective body of literary or learned men.

REPUBLICAN
Re*pub"lic*an (-l-kan), a. Etym: [F. républicain.]

1. Of or pertaining to a republic.
The Roman emperors were republican magistrates named by the senate.
Macaulay.

2. Consonant with the principles of a republic; as, republican
sentiments or opinions; republican manners. Republican party. (U.S.
Politics) (a) An earlier name of the Democratic party when it was
opposed to the Federal party. Thomas Jefferson was its great leader.
(b) One of the existing great parties. It was organized in 1856 by a
combination of voters from other parties for the purpose of opposing
the extension of slavery, and in 1860 it elected Abraham Lincoln
president.

REPUBLICAN
Re*pub"lic*an (r-pb"l-kan), n.

1. One who favors or prefers a republican form of government.

2. (U.S.Politics)

Defn: A member of the Republican party.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) The American cliff swallow. The cliff swallows build their nests
side by side, many together.
(b) A South African weaver bird (Philetærus socius). These weaver
birds build many nests together, under a large rooflike shelter,
which they make of straw. Red republican. See under Red.

REPUBLICANISM
Re*pub"lic*an*ism (-z'm), n. Etym: [Cf. F. républicanisme.]

1. A republican form or system of government; the principles or
theory of republican government.

2. Attachment to, or political sympathy for, a republican form of
government. Burke.

3. The principles and policy of the Republican party, so called
[U.S.]

REPUBLICANIZE
Re*pub"lic*an*ize (-z), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Republicanized (-zd); p.
pr. & vb. n. Republicanizing (-`zng).] Etym: [Cf. F. républicaniser.]

Defn: To change, as a state, into a republic; to republican
principles; as, France was republicanized; to republicanize the
rising generation. D. Ramsay.

REPUBLICATE
Re*pub"li*cate (r*pb"l*kt), v. t. Etym: [Cf. LL. republicare.]

Defn: To make public again; to republish. [Obs.]

REPUBLICATION
Re*pub`li*ca"tion (r-pb`l-k"shn), n.

Defn: A second publication, or a new publication of something before
published, as of a former will, of a volume already published, or the
like; specifically, the publication in one country of a work first
issued in another; a reprint.
If there be many testaments, the last overthrows all the former; but
the republication of a former will revokes one of a later date, and
establishes the first. Blackstone.

REPUBLISH
Re*pub"lish (r-pb"lsh), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Republished (-lsht); p.
pr. & vb. n. Republishing.]

Defn: To publish anew; specifically, to publish in one country (a
work first published in another); also, to revive (a will) by re
Subsecquent to the purchase or contract, the devisor republished his
will. Blackstone.

REPUBLISHER
Re*pub"lish*er (-r), n.

Defn: One who republishes.

REPUDIABLE
Re*pu"di*a*ble (r-p"d--b'l), a. Etym: [See Repudilate.]

Defn: Admitting of repudiation; fit or proper to be put away.

REPUDIATE
Re*pu"di*ate (-t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Repudiated (-`td); p. pr. &
vb. n. Repudiating.] Etym: [L. repudiatus, p. p. of repudiare to
repudiate, reject, fr. repudium separation, divorce; pref. re- re- +
pudere to be ashamed.]

1. To cast off; to disavow; to have nothing to do with; to renounce;
to reject.
Servitude is to be repudiated with greater care. Prynne.

2. To divorce, put away, or discard, as a wife, or a woman one has
promised to marry.
His separation from Terentis, whom he repudiated not long afterward.
Bolingbroke.

3. To refuse to acknowledge or to pay; to disclaim; as, the State has
repudiated its debts.

REPUDIATION
Re*pu`di*a"tion (-*"shn), n. Etym: [Cf.F. répudiation, L.
repudiatio.]

Defn: The act of repudiating, or the state of being repuddiated; as,
the repudiation of a doctrine, a wife, a debt, etc.

REPUDIATION
Re*pu`di*a"tion, n.

Defn: One who favors repudiation, especially of a public debt.

REPUDIATOR
Re*pu"di*a`tor (r-p"d-`tr), n. Etym: [L., a rejecter, contemner.]

Defn: One who repudiates.

REPUGN
Re*pugn" (r-pn"), v. t. Etym: [F. répugner, L. repugnare, repugnatum;
pref. re- + pugnare to fight. See Pugnacious.]

Defn: To fight against; to oppose; to resist. [R.]
Stubbornly he did repugn the truth. Shak.

REPUGNABLE
Re*pug"na*ble (r-pg"n-b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being repugned or resisted. [R.] Sir T. North.

REPUGNANCE; REPUGNANCY
Re*pug"nance, Re*pug"nan*cy, n. Etym: [F. répugnance, L.
repugnantia.]

Defn: The state or condition of being repugnant; opposition;
contrariety; especially, a strong instinctive antagonism; aversion;
reluctance; unwillingness, as of mind, passions, principles,
qualities, and the like.
That which causes us to lose most of our time is the repugnance which
we naturally have to labor. Dryden.
Let the foes quietly cut their throats, Without repugnancy. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Aversion; reluctance; unwillingness; dislike; antipathy; hatred;
hostility; irreconcilableness; contrariety; inconsistency. See
Dislike.

REPUGNANT
Re*pug"nant (-nant), a. Etym: [F. répugnant, or L. repugnans, -antis,
p. pr. of repugnare. See Repugn.]

Defn: Disposed to fight against; hostile; at war with; being at
variance; contrary; inconsistent; refractory; disobedient; also,
distasteful in a high degree; offensive; -- usually followed by to,
rarely and less properly by with; as, all rudeness was repugnant to
her nature.
[His sword] repugnant to command. Shak.
There is no breach of a divine law but is more or less repugnant unto
the will of the Lawgiver, God himself. Perkins.

Syn.
 -- Opposite; opposed; adverse; contrary; inconsistent;
irreconcilable; hostile; inimical.

REPUGNANTLY
Re*pug"nant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a repugnant manner.

REPUGNATE
Re*pug"nate (-nt), v. t. Etym: [From L. repugnare. See Repugn.]

Defn: To oppose; to fight against. [Obs.]

REPUGNER
Re*pugn"er (r-pn"r), n.

Defn: One who repugns.

REPULLULATE
Re*pul"lu*late (r-pl"l-lt), v. i. Etym: [L. repullulare,
repullulatum. See Pullulate.]

Defn: To bud again.
Though tares repullulate, there is wheat still left in the field.
Howell.

REPULLULATION
Re*pul`lu*la"tion (r-pl`l-l"shn), n.

Defn: The act of budding again; the state of having budded again.

REPULSE
Re*pulse" (r-pls"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Repulsed (-plst"); p. pr. &
vb. n. Repulsing.] Etym: [L. repulsus, p. p. of repellere. See
Repel.]

1. To repel; to beat or drive back; as, to repulse an assault; to
repulse the enemy.
Complete to have discovered and repulsed Whatever wiles of foe or
seeming friend. Milton.

2. To repel by discourtesy, coldness, or denial; to reject; to send
away; as, to repulse a suitor or a proffer.

REPULSE
Re*pulse", n. Etym: [L. repulsa, fr. repellere, repulsum.]

1. The act of repelling or driving back; also, the state of being
repelled or driven back.
By fate repelled, and with repulses tired. Denham.
He received in the repulse of Tarquin seven hurts in the body. Shak.

2. Figuratively: Refusal; denial; rejection; failure.

REPULSELESS
Re*pulse"less, a.

Defn: Not capable of being repulsed.

REPULSER
Re*puls"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who repulses, or drives back.

REPULSION
Re*pul"sion (r-pl"shn), n. Etym: [L. repulsio: cf. F. répulsion.]

1. The act of repulsing or repelling, or the state of being repulsed
or repelled.

2. A feeling of violent offence or disgust; repugnance.

3. (Physics)

Defn: The power, either inherent or due to some physical action, by
which bodies, or the particles of bodies, are made to recede from
each other, or to resist each other's nearer approach; as, molecular
repulsion; electrical repulsion.

REPULSIVE
Re*pul"sive (-sv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. répulsif.]

1. Serving, or able, to repulse; repellent; as, a repulsive force.
Repulsive of his might the weapon stood. Pope.

2. Cold; forbidding; offensive; as, repulsive manners.
 -- Re*pul"sive*ly, adv.
 -- Re*pul"sive*ness, n.

REPULSORY
Re*pul"so*ry (-s-r), a. Etym: [L. repulsorius.]

Defn: Repulsive; driving back.

REPURCHASE
Re*pur"chase (r*pr"chs; 48), v. t.

Defn: To buy back or again; to regain by purchase. Sir M. Hale.

REPURCHASE
Re*pur"chase, n.

Defn: The act of repurchasing.

REPURIFY
Re*pu"ri*fy (r-p"r-f), v. t.

Defn: To purify again.

REPUTABLE
Rep"u*ta*ble (rp"-t-b'l), a. Etym: [From Repute.]

Defn: Having, or worthy of, good repute; held in esteem; honorable;
praiseworthy; as, a reputable man or character; reputable conduct.
In the article of danger, it is as reputable to elude an enemy as
defeat one. Broome.

Syn.
 -- Respectable; creditable; estimable.
 -- Rep"u ta*ble*ness, n.
 -- Rep"u*ta*bly, adv.

REPUTATION
Rep`u*ta"tion (-t"shn), n. Etym: [F. réputation, L. reputatio a
reckoning, consideration. See Repute, v. t.]

1. The estimation in which one is held; character in public opinion;
the character attributed to a person, thing, or action; repute.
The best evidence of reputation is a man's whole life. Ames.

2. (Law)

Defn: The character imputed to a person in the community in which he
lives. It is admissible in evidence when he puts his character in
issue, or when such reputation is otherwise part of the issue of a
case.

3. Specifically: Good reputation; favorable regard; public esteem;
general credit; good name.
I see my reputation is at stake. Shak.
The security of his reputation or good name. Blackstone.

4. Account; value. [Obs.] Chaucer.
[/Christ] made himself of no reputation. Phil. ii. 7.

Syn.
 -- Credit; repute; regard; estimation; esteem; honor; fame. See the
Note under Character.

REPUTATIVELY
Re*put"a*tive*ly (r-pt"-tv-l), adv.

Defn: By repute.

REPUTE
Re*pute" (r-pt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reputed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reputing.] Etym: [F. réputer, L. reputare to count over, think over;
pref. re- re- + putare to count, think. See Putative.]

Defn: To hold in thought; to account; to estimate; to hold; to think;
to reckon.
Wherefore are we counted as beasts, and reputed vile in your sight
Job xviii. 3.
The king your father was reputed for A prince most prudent. Shak.

REPUTE
Re*pute", n.

1. Character reputed or attributed; reputation, whether good or bad;
established opinion; public estimate.
He who regns Monarch in heaven, till then as one secure Sat on his
throne, upheld by old repute. Milton.

2. Specifically: Good character or reputation; credit or honor
derived from common or public opinion; -- opposed to disrepute. "Dead
stocks, which have been of repute." F. Beaumont.

REPUTEDLY
Re*put"ed*ly (r-pt"d-l), adv.

Defn: In common opinion or estimation; by repute.

REPUTELESS
Re*pute"less, a.

Defn: Not having good repute; disreputable; disgraceful; inglorius.
[R.] Shak.

REQUERE
Re*quere" (r--kwr"), v. t.

Defn: To require. [Obs.]

REQUEST
Re*quest" (r-kw*st"), n. Etym: [OE. requeste, OF. requeste, F. requ,
LL. requesta, for requisita, fr. L. requirere, requisitum, to seek
again, ask for. See Require, and cf. Quest.]

1. The act of asking for anything desired; expression of desire or
demand; solicitation; prayer; petition; entreaty.
I will marry her, sir, at your request. Shak.

2. That which is asked for or requested. "He gave them their
request." Ps. cvi. 15.
I will both hear and grant you your requests. Shak.

3. A state of being desired or held in such estimation as to be
sought after or asked for; demand.
Knowledge and fame were in as great request as wealth among us now.
Sir W. Temple.
Court of Requests. (a) A local tribunal, sometimes called Court of
Consience, founded by act of Parliament to facilitate the recovery of
small debts from any inhabitant or trader in the district defined by
the act; -- now mostly abolished. (b) A court of equity for the
relief of such persons as addressed the sovereign by supplication; --
now abolished. It was inferior to the Court of Chancery. [Eng.]
Brande & C.

Syn.
 -- Asking; solicitation; petition; prayer; supplication; entreaty;
suit.

REQUEST
Re*quest" (r-kwst"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Requested; p. pr. & vb. n.
Requesting.] Etym: [Cf. OF. requester, F. requêter.]

1. To ask for (something); to express desire ffor; to solicit; as, to
request his presence, or a favor.

2. To address with a request; to ask.
I request you To give my poor host freedom. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To ask; solicit; entreat; beseech. See Beg.

REQUESTER
Re*quest"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who requests; a petitioner.

REQUICKEN
Re*quick"en (r-kwk"'n), v. t.

Defn: To quicken anew; to reanimate; to give new life to. Shak.

REQUIEM
Re"qui*em (r"kw-m;277), n. Etym: [Acc. of L. requies rest, the first
words of the Mass being "Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine," give
eternal rest to them, O lord; pref. re- re + quies quiet. See Quiet,
n., and cf. Requin.]

1. (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: A mass said or sung for the repose of a departed soul.
We should profane the service of the dead To sing a requiem and such
rest to her As to peace-parted souls. Shak.

2. Any grand musical composition, performed in honor of a deceased
person.

3. Rest; quiet; peace. [Obs.]
Else had I an eternal requiem kept, And in the arms of peace forever
slept. Sandys.

REQUIETORY
Re*qui"e*to*ry (r-kw"-t-r), n. Etym: [L. requietorium, fr.
requiescere, requietum, to rest. See Re-, and Quiesce.]

Defn: A sepulcher. [Obs.] Weever.

REQUIN
Re"quin (r"kwn), n. Etym: [F., fr. reqiem a Mass sung for the dead.
See Requiem.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The man-eater, or white shark (Carcharodon carcharias); -- so
called on account of its causing requiems to be sung.

REQUIRABLE
Re*quir"a*ble (r-kwr"-b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being required; proper to be required. Sir M. Hale.

REQUIRE
Re*quire" (r-kwr"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Required (-kwrd"); p. pr. &
vb. n. Requiring.] Etym: [OE. requeren, requiren, OF. requerre, F.
requ; L. pref. re- re- + quaerere to ask; cf. L. requirere. See
Query, and cf. Request, Requisite.]

1. To demand; to insist upon having; to claim as by right and
authority; to exact; as, to require the surrender of property.
Shall I say to Cæsar What you require of him Shak.
By nature did what was by law required. Dryden.

2. To demand or exact as indispensable; to need.
just gave what life required, and gave no more. Goldsmith.
The two last [biographies] require to be particularly noticed. J. A.
Symonds.

3. To ask as a favor; to request.
I was ashamed to require of the king a band of soldiers and horsemen
to help us against the enemy in the way. Ezra viii. 22.

Syn.
 -- To claim; exact; enjoin; prescribe; direct; order; demand; need.

REQUIREMENT
Re*quire"ment (-ment), n.

1. The act of requiring; demand; requisition.

2. That which is required; an imperative or authoritative command; an
essential condition; something needed or necessary; a need.
One of those who believe that they can fill up every requirement
contained in the rule of righteousness. J. M. Mason.
God gave her the child, and gave her too an instinctive knowledge of
its nature and requirements. Hawthorne.

REQUIRER
Re*quir"er (-kwr"r), n.

Defn: One who requires.

REQUISITE
Req"ui*site (rk"w-zt), n.

Defn: That which is required, or is necessary; something
indispensable.
God, on his part, has declared the requisites on ours; what we must
do to obtain blessings, is the great business of us all to know.
Wake.

REQUISITE
Req"ui*site, a. Etym: [L. requisitus, p. p. requirere; pref. re- re-
+ quaerere to ask. See Require.]

Defn: Required by the nature of things, or by circumstances;
All truth requisite for men to know. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Necessary; needful; indispensable; essential.
 -- Req"ui*site*ly, adv.
 -- Req"ui*site*ness, n.

REQUISITION
Req`ui*si"tion (rk`w-zsh"n), n.Etym: [Cf. F. réquisition, L.
requisitio a searching.]

1. The act of requiring, as of right; a demand or application made as
by authority. Specifically: (a) (International Law)

Defn: A formal demand made by one state or government upon another
for the surrender or extradition of a fugitive from justice. Kent.
(b) (Law) A notarial demand of a debt. Wharton.
(c) (Mil.) A demand by the invader upon the people of an invaded
country for supplies, as of provision, forage, transportation, etc.
Farrow.
(d) A formal application by one officer to another for things needed
in the public service; as, a requisition for clothing, troops, or
money.

2. That which is required by authority; especially, a quota of
supplies or necessaries.

3. A written or normal call; an invitation; a summons; as, a
reqisition for a public meeting. [Eng.]

REQUISITION
Req`ui*si"tion, v. t.

1. To make a reqisition on or for; as, to requisition a district for
forage; to requisition troops.

2. To present a requisition to; to summon request; as, to requisition
a person to be a candidate. [Eng.]

REQUISITIONIST
Req`ui*si"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who makes or signs a requisition.

REQUISITIVE
Re*quis"i*tive (r-kwz"-tv), a.

Defn: Expressing or implying demand. [R.] Harris.

REQUISITIVE
Re*quis"i*tive, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, makes requisition; a requisitionist.
[R.]

REQUISITOR
Re*quis"i*tor (-tr), n.

Defn: One who makes reqisition; esp., one authorized by a requisition
to investigate facts.

REQUISITORY
Re*quis"i*to*ry (-t-r), a.

Defn: Sought for; demanded. [R.] Summary on Du Bartas (1621).

REQUITABLE
Re*quit"a*ble (-kwt"-b'l), a.

Defn: That may be requited.

REQUITAL
Re*quit"al (-al), n. Etym: [From Requite.]

Defn: The act of requiting; also, that which requites; return, good
or bad, for anything done; in a good sense, compensation; recompense;
as, the requital of services; in a bad sense, retaliation, or
punishment; as, the requital of evil deeds.
No merit their aversion can remove, Nor ill requital can efface their
love. Waller.

Syn.
 -- Compensation; recompense; remuneration; reward; satisfaction;
payment; retribution; retaliation; reprisal; punishment.

REQUITE
Re"quite" (r-kwt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Requited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Requiting.] Etym: [Pref. re- + quit.]

Defn: To repay; in a good sense, to recompense; to return (an
equivalent) in good; to reward; in a bad sense, to retaliate; to
return (evil) for evil; to punish.
He can requite thee; for he knows the charma That call fame on such
gentle acts as these. Milton.
Thou hast seen it; for thou beholdest mischief and spite, to requite
it with thy hand. Ps. x. 14.

Syn.
 -- To repay; reward; pay; compensate; remunerate; satisfy;
recompense; punish; revenge.

REQUITEMENT
Re*quite"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: Requital [Obs.] E. Hall.

REQUITER
Re*quit"er (-kwt"r), n.

Defn: One who requites.

REREBRACE
Rere"brace` (rr"brs"), n. Etym: [F. arri.] (Anc. Armor)

Defn: Armor for the upper part of the arm. Fairholt.

REREDEMAIN
Rere`de*main" (-d-mn"), n. Etym: [F. arri back + de of + main hand.]

Defn: A backward stroke. [Obs.]

REREDOS
Rere"dos (rr"ds), n. Etym: [From rear + F. dos back, L. dorsum. Cf.
Dorsal.] (Arch.)
(a) A screen or partition wall behind an altar.
(b) The back of a fireplace.
(c) The open hearth, upon which fires were lighted, immediately under
the louver, in the center of ancient halls. [Also spelt reredosse.]
Fairholt.

REREFIEF
Rere"fief` (rr"ff`), n. Etym: [F. arrière-fief. See Rear hinder, and
Fief.] (Scots Law)

Defn: A fief held of a superior feudatory; a fief held by an under
tenant. Blackstone.

REREIGN
Re*reign" (r-rn"), v. i.

Defn: To reign again.

RE-REITERATE
Re`-re*it"er*ate (r`r-t"r-t), v. t.

Defn: To reiterate many times. [R.] "My re-reiterated wish."
Tennyson.

REREMOUSE
Rere"mouse` (rr"mous`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rearmouse.

RE-RESOLVE
Re`-re*solve" (r`r-zlv"), v. t. & i.

Defn: To resolve again.
Resolves, and re-resolves, then dies the same. Young.

REREWARD
Rere"ward` (rr"wrd`), n. Etym: [See Rearward.]

Defn: The rear quard of an army. [Obs.]

RES
Res (rz), n.; pl. Res. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A thing; the particular thing; a matter; a point. Res gestæ
Etym: [L., things done] (Law), the facts which form the environment
of a litigated issue. Wharton.
 -- Res judicata [L.] (Law), a thing adjudicated; a matter no longer
open to controversy.

RESAIL
Re*sail" (r-sl"), v. t. & i.

Defn: To sail again; also, to sail back, as to a former port.

RESALE
Re*sale" (r-sl" or r"sl), n.

Defn: A sale at second hand, or at retail; also, a second sale.
Bacon.

RESALGAR
Re*sal"gar (r-sl"gr), n.

Defn: Realgar. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RESALUTE
Re`sa*lute" (r`s-lt"), v. t.

Defn: To salute again.

RESAW
Re*saw" (r, v. t.

Defn: To saw again; specifically, to saw a balk, or a timber, which
has already been squared, into dimension lumber, as joists, boards,
etc.

RESCAT
Res"cat (rs"kt), v. t. Etym: [Sp. rescattar.]

Defn: To ransom; to release; to rescue. [Obs.] Howell.

RESCAT
Res"cat, n. Etym: [Sp. rescate.]

Defn: Ransom; release. [Obs.]

RESCIND
Re*scind" (r-snd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rescinded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rescinding.] Etym: [L. rescindere, rescissum; pref re- re- + scindere
to cut, split: cf. F. rescinder. See Shism.]

1. To cut off; to abrogate; to annul.
The blessed Jesus . . . did sacramentally rescind the impure relics
of Adam and the contraction of evil customs. Jer. Taylor.

2. Specifically, to vacate or make void, as an act, by the enacting
authority or by superior authority; to repeal; as, to rescind a law,
a resolution, or a vote; to rescind a decree or a judgment.

Syn.
 -- To revoke; repeal; abrogate; annul; recall; reverse; vacate;
void.

RESCINDABLE
Re*scind"a*ble (--b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being rescinded.

RESCINDMENT
Re*scind"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act of rescinding; rescission.

RESCISSION
Re*scis"sion (r-szh"n), n. Etym: [L. rescissio: cf. F. rescission.
See Rescind.]

Defn: The act of rescinding, abrogating, annulling, or vacating; as,
the rescission of a law, decree, or judgment.

RESCISSORY
Re*scis"so*ry (r-sz"-r or r-ss"-), a. Etym: [L. rescissorius: cf. F.
rescisoire.]

Defn: Tending to rescind; rescinding.
To pass a general act rescissory (as it was called), annulling all
the Parliaments that had been held since the year 1633. Bp. Burnet.

RESCOUS
Res"cous (rs"ks), n. Etym: [OE., fr. OF. rescousse, fr. rescourre, p.
p. rescous, to rescue. See Rescue.]

1. Rescue; deliverance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. (Law)

Defn: See Rescue,2. [Obs.]

RESCOWE
Res"cowe (rs"kou), v. t.

Defn: To rescue. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RESCRIBE
Re*scribe" (r-skrb"), v. t. Etym: [L. rescribere; pref. re- re- +
scribere to write. See Scribe.]

1. To write back; to write in reply. Ayliffe.

2. To write over again. Howell.

RESCRIPT
Re"script (r"skrpt), n. Etym: [L. rescriptum: cf. F. rescrit,
formerly also spelt rescript. See Rescribe,v. t.]

1. (Rom.Antiq.)

Defn: The answer of an emperor when formallyconsulted by particular
persons on some difficult question; hence, an edict or decree.
In their rescripts and other ordinances, the Roman emperors spoke in
the plural number. Hare.

2. (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: The official written answer of the pope upon a question of
canon law, or morals.

3. A counterpart. Bouvier.

RESCRIPTION
Re*scrip"tion (r-skrp"shn), n. Etym: [L. rescriptio: cf. F.
rescription. See Rescribe.]

Defn: A writing back; the answering of a letter. Loveday.

RESCRIPTIVE
Re*scrip"tive (-tv), a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or answering the purpose of, a rescript; hence,
deciding; settling; determining.

RESCRIPTIVELY
Re*scrip"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By rescript. Burke.

RESCUABLE
Res"cu*a*ble (rs"k--b'l), a.

Defn: That may be rescued.

RESCUE
Res"cue (rs"k), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rescued (-kd);p. pr. & vb. n.
Rescuing.] Etym: [OE. rescopuen, OF. rescourre, rescurre, rescorre;
L. pref. re- re- + excutere to shake or drive out; ex out + quatere
to shake. See Qtash to crush, Rercussion.]

Defn: To free or deliver from any confinement, violence, danger, or
evil; to liberate from actual restraint; to remove or withdraw from a
state of exposure to evil; as, to rescue a prisoner from the enemy;
to rescue seamen from destruction.
Had I been seized by a hungry lion, I would have been a breakfast to
the best, Rather than have false Proteus rescue me. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To retake; recapture; free; deliver; liberate; release; save.

RESCUE
Res"cue (rs"k), n. Etym: [From Rescue, v.; cf. Rescous.]

1. The act of rescuing; deliverance from restraint, violence, or
danger; liberation.
Spur to the rescue of the noble Talbot. Shak.

2. (Law)
(a) The forcible retaking, or taking away, against law, of things
lawfully distrained.
(b) The forcible liberation of a person from an arrest or
imprisonment.
(c) The retaking by a party captured of a prize made by the enemy.
Bouvier.
The rescue of a prisoner from the court is punished with perpetual
imprisonment and forfeiture of goods. Blackstone.
Rescue grass. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) A tall grass
(Ceratochloa unioloides) somewhat resembling chess, cultivated for
hay and forage in the Southern States.

RESCUELESS
Res"cue*less, a.

Defn: Without rescue or release.

RESCUER
Res"cu*er (-k-r), n.

Defn: One who rescues.

RESCUSSEE
Res`cus*see" (rs`ks-s"), n. (O.Eng. Law)

Defn: The party in whose favor a rescue is made. Crabb.

RESCUSSOR
Res*cus"sor (rs-ks"sr), n. Etym: [LL.] (O.Eng.Law)

Defn: One who makes an unlawful rescue; a rescuer. Burril.

RESE
Rese (rz), v. i.

Defn: To shake; to quake; to tremble. [Obs.] "It made all the gates
for to rese." Chaucer.

RE-SEARCH
Re-search" (r-srch"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + search.]

Defn: To search again; to examine anew.

RESEARCH
Re*search" (r-srch"), n. Etym: [Pref. re- + search: cf OF. recerche,
F. recherche.]

Defn: Diligent inquiry or examination in seeking facts or principles;
laborius or continued search after truth; as, researches of human
wisdom.
The dearest interests of parties have frequently been staked on the
results of the researches of antiquaries. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Investigation; examination; inquiry; scrutiny.

RESEARCH
Re*search", v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + search: cf. OF. recerchier, F.
rechercher.]

Defn: To search or examine with continued care; to seek diligently.

RESEARCHER
Re*search"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who researches.

RESEARCHFUL
Re*search"ful (-fl), a.

Defn: Making researches; inquisitive. [R.] Coleridge.

RESEAT
Re*seat" (r-st"), v. t.

1. To seat or set again, as on a chair, throne, etc. Dryden.

2. To put a new seat, or new seats, in; as, to reseat a theater; to
reseat a chair or trousers.

RESEAU
Ré`seau", n. [F.] A network; specif.:
 (a) (Astron.)

Defn: A system of lines forming small squares of standard size, which
is photographed, by a separate exposure, on the same plate with star
images to facilitate measurements, detect changes of the film, etc.
 (b) In lace, a ground or foundation of regular meshes, like network.

RESECT
Re*sect" (r-skt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Resected;p. pr. & vb. n.
Resecting.] Etym: [L. resectus, p. p. of resecare to cut off; pref.
re- re- + secare to cut.]

Defn: To cut or pare off; to remove by cutting.

RESECTION
Re*sec"tion (r-sk"shn), n. Etym: [L. resectio: cf. F. résection.]

1. The act of cutting or paring off. Cotgrave.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: The removal of the articular extremity of a bone, or of the
ends of the bones in a false articulation.

RESEDA
Re*se"da (r-s"d), n. Etym: [L. , a kind of plant.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, the type of which is mignonette.

2. A grayish green color, like that of the flowers of mignonette.

RESEEK
Re*seek" (r-sk"), v. t.

Defn: To seek again. J. Barlow.

RESEIZE
Re*seize" (r-sz"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + seize: cf. F. ressaisir.]

1. To seize again, or a second time.

2. To put in possession again; to reinstate.
And then therein [in his kingdom] reseized was again. Spenser.

3. (Law)

Defn: To take possession of, as lands and tenements which have been
disseized.
The sheriff is commanded to reseize the land and all the chattels
thereon, and keep the same in his custody till the arrival of the
justices of assize. Blackstone.

RESEIZER
Re*seiz"er (-sz"r), n.

1. One who seizes again.

2. (Eng. Law)

Defn: The taking of lands into the hands of the king where a general
livery, or oustre le main, was formerly mis-sued, contrary to the
form and order of law.

RESEIZURE
Re*sei"zure (r, n.

Defn: A second seizure; the act of seizing again. Bacon.

RESELL
Re*sell" (r-sl"), v. t.

Defn: To sell again; to sell what has been bought or sold; to retail.

RESEMBLABLE
Re*sem"bla*ble (r-zm"bl-b'l), a. Etym: [See Resemble.]

Defn: Admitting of being compared; like. [Obs.] Gower.

RESEMBLANCE
Re*sem"blance (-blans), n. Etym: [Cf. F. ressemblance. See Resemble.]

1. The quality or state of resembling; likeness; similitude;
similarity.
One main end of poetry and painting is to please; they bear a great
resemblance to each other. Dryden.

2. That which resembles, or is similar; a representation; a likeness.
These sensible things, which religion hath allowed, are resemblances
formed according to things spiritual. Hooker.

3. A comparison; a simile. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. Probability; verisimilitude. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- Likeness; similarity; similitude; semblance; representation;
image.

RESEMBLANT
Re*sem"blant (-blant), a. Etym: [F., a . and p. pr. fr. ressembler to
resemble. See Resemble.]

Defn: Having or exhibiting resemblance; resembling. [R.] Gower.

RESEMBLE
Re*sem"ble (r-zm"b'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Resembled (-b'ld); p. pr.
& vb. n. Resembling (-blng).] Etym: [F. ressembler; pref. re- re- +
sembler to seem, resemble, fr. L. similare, simulare, to imitate, fr.
similis like, similar. See Similar.]

1. To be like or similar to; to bear the similitude of, either in
appearance or qualities; as, these brothers resemble each other.
We will resemble you in that. Shak.

2. To liken; to compare; to represent as like. [Obs.]
The other . . . He did resemble to his lady bright. Spenser.

3. To counterfeit; to imitate. [Obs.] "They can so well resemble
man's speech." Holland.

4. To cause to imitate or be like. [R.] H. Bushnell.

RESEMBLER
Re*sem"bler (r-zm"blr), n.

Defn: One who resembles.

RESEMBLINGLY
Re*sem"bling*ly (-blng-l), adv.

Defn: So as to resemble; with resemblance or likeness.

RESEMINATE
Re*sem"i*nate (-sm"-nt), v. t. Etym: [L. pref. re- again + seminatus,
p. p. of seminare to sow.]

Defn: To produce again by means of seed. [Obs.] Sir. T. Browne.

RESEND
Re*send" (r-snd"), v. t.

1. To send again; as, to resend a message.

2. To send back; as, to resend a gift. [Obs.] Shak.

3. (Telegraphy)

Defn: To send on from an intermediate station by means of a repeater.

RESENT
Re*sent" (r-znt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Resented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Resenting.] Etym: [F. ressentir; L. pref. re- re- + sentire to feel.
See Sense.]

1. To be sensible of; to feel; as:
(a) In a good sense, to take well; to receive with satisfaction.
[Obs.]
Which makes the tragical ends of noble persons more favorably
resented by compassionate readers. Sir T. Browne.

(b) In a bad sense, to take ill; to consider as an injury or affront;
to be indignant at.

2. To express or exhibit displeasure or indignation at, as by words
or acts.
The good prince King James . . . bore dishonorably what he might have
resented safely. Bolingbroke.

3. To recognize; to perceive, especially as if by smelling; --
associated in meaning with sent, the older spelling of scent to
smell. See Resent, v. i. [Obs.]
This bird of prey resented a worse than earthly savor in the soul of
Saul. Fuller.
Our King Henry the Seventh quickly resented his drift. Fuller.

RESENT
Re*sent", v. i.

1. To feel resentment. Swift.

2. To give forth an odor; to smell; to savor. [Obs.]
The judicious prelate will prefer a drop of the sincere milk of the
word before vessels full of traditionary pottage resenting of the
wild gourd of human invention. Fuller.

RESENTER
Re*sent"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who resents. Sir H. Wotton.

RESENTFUL
Re*sent"ful (-fl), a.

Defn: Inclined to resent; easily provoked to anger; irritable.
 -- Re*sent"ful*ly, adv.

RESENTIMENT
Re*sent"i*ment (--ment), n.

Defn: Resentment. [Obs.]

RESENTINGLY
Re*sent"ing*ly, adv.

1. With deep sense or strong perception. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

2. With a sense of wrong or affront; with resentment.

RESENTIVE
Re*sent"ive (-v), a.

Defn: Resentful. [R.] Thomson.

RESENTMENT
Re*sent"ment (-ment), n. Etym: [F. ressentiment.]

1. The act of resenting.

2. The state of holding something in the mind as a subject of
contemplation, or of being inclined to reflect upon something; a
state consciousness; conviction; feeling; impression. [Obs.]
He retains vivid resentments of the more solid morality. Dr. H. More.
It is a greater wonder that so many of them die, with so little
resentment of their danger. Jer. Taylor.

3. In a good sense, satisfaction; gratitude. [Obs.]
The Council taking notice of the many good services performed by Mr.
John Milton, . . . have thought fit to declare their resentment and
good acceptance of the same. The Council Book (1651).

4. In a bad sense, strong displeasure; anger; hostility provoked by a
wrong or injury experienced.
Resentment . . . is a deep, reflective displeasure against the
conduct of the offender. Cogan.

Syn.
 -- Anger; irritation; vexation; displeasure; grudge; indignation;
choler; gall; ire; wrath; rage; fury.
 -- Resentment, Anger. Anger is the broader term, denoting a keen
sense of disapprobation (usually with a desire to punish) for watever
we feel to be wrong, whether directed toward ourselves or others.
Reseniment is anger exicted by a sense of personal injury. It is,
etymologically, that reaction of the mind which we instinctively feel
when we think ourselves wronged. Pride and selfishness are apt to
aggravate this feeling until it changes into a criminal animosity;
and this is now the more common signification of the term. Being
founded in a sense of injury, this feeling is hard to be removed; and
hence the expressions bitter or implacable resentment. See Anger.
Anger is like A full-hot horse, who being allowed his way, Self-
mettle tires him. Shak.
Can heavently minds such high resentment show, Or exercise their
spite in human woe Dryden.

RESERATE
Res"er*ate (rs"r-t), v. t. Etym: [L. reseratus, p. p. of reserare to
unlock.]

Defn: To unlock; to open. [Obs.] Boyle.

RESERVANCE
Re*serv"ance (r-zrv"ans), n.

Defn: Reservation. [R.]

RESERVATION
Res`er*va"tion (rz`r-v"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. réservation, LL.
reservatio. See Reserve.]

1. The act of reserving, or keeping back; concealment, or withholding
from disclosure; reserve. A. Smith.
With reservation of an hundred knights. Shak.
Make some reservation of your wrongs. Shak.

2. Something withheld, either not expressed or disclosed, or not
given up or brought forward. Dryden.

3. A tract of the public land reserved for some special use, as for
schools, for the use of Indians, etc. [U.S.]

4. The state of being reserved, or kept in store. Shak.

5. (Law)
(a) A clause in an instrument by which some new thing is reserved out
of the thing granted, and not in esse before.
(b) A proviso. Kent.

Note: This term is often used in the same sense with exception, the
technical distinction being disregarded.

6. (Eccl.)
(a) The portion of the sacramental elements reserved for purposes of
devotion and for the communion of the absent and sick.
(b) A term of canon law, which signifies that the pope reserves to
himself appointment to certain benefices. Mental reservation, the
withholding, or failing to disclose, something that affects a
statement, promise, etc., and which, if disclosed, would materially
change its import.

RESERVATIVE
Re*serv"a*tive (r-zrv"-tv), a.

Defn: Tending to reserve or keep; keeping; reserving.

RESERVATORY
Re*serv"a*to*ry (-t-r), n. Etym: [LL. reservatorium,fr. L.
resservare. See Reserve, v. t., and cf. Reservior.]

Defn: A place in which things are reserved or kept. Woodward.

RESERVE
Re*serve" (r-zrv"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reserved. (zp. pr. & vb. n.
Reserving.] Etym: [F. réserver, L. reservare, reservatum; pref. re-
re- + servare to keep. See Serve.]

1. To keep back; to retain; not to deliver, make over, or disclose.
"I have reserved to myself nothing." Shak.

2. Hence, to keep in store for future or special use; to withhold
from present use for another purpose or time; to keep; to retain.
Gen. xxvii. 35.
Hast thou seen the treasures of the hail, which I have reserved
against the time of trouble Job xxxviii. 22,23.
Reserve your kind looks and language for private hours. Swift.

3. To make an exception of; to except. [R.]

RESERVE
Re*serve", n. Etym: [F. réserve.]

1. The act of reserving, or keeping back; reservation.
However any one may concur in the general scheme, it is still with
certain reserves and deviations. Addison.

2. That which is reserved, or kept back, as for future use.
The virgins, besides the oil in their lamps, carried likewise a
reserve in some other vessel for a continual supply. Tillotson.

3. That which is excepted; exception.
Each has some darling lust, which pleads for a reserve. Rogers.

4. Restraint of freedom in words or actions; backwardness; caution in
personal behavior.
My soul, surprised, and from her sex disjoined, Left all reserve, and
all the sex, behind. Prior.
The clergyman's shy and sensitive reserve had balked this scheme.
Hawthorne.

5. A tract of land reserved, or set apart, for a particular purpose;
as, the Connecticut Reserve in Ohio, originally set apart for the
school fund of Connecticut; the Clergy Reserves in Canada, for the
support of the clergy.

6. (Mil.)

Defn: A body of troops in the rear of an army drawn up for battle,
reserved to support the other lines as occasion may require; a force
or body of troops kept for an exigency.

7. (Banking)

Defn: Funds kept on hand to meet liabilities. In reserve, in keeping
for other or future use; in store; as, he has large quantities of
wheat in reserve; he has evidence or arguments in reserve.
 -- Reserve air. (Physiol.) Same as Supplemental air, under
Supplemental.

Syn.
 -- Reservation; retention; limitation; backwardness; reservedness;
coldness; restraint; shyness; coyness; modesty.

RESERVE CITY
Reserve city. (Banking)

Defn: In the national banking system of the United States, any of
certain cities in which the national banks are required (U. S. Rev.
Stat. sec. 5191) to keep a larger reserve (25 per cent) than the
minimum (15 per cent) required of all other banks. The banks in
certain of the reserve cities (specifically called central reserve
cities) are required to keep their reserve on hand in cash; banks in
other reserve cities may keep half of their reserve as deposits in
these banks (U. S. Rev. Stat. sec. 5195).

RESERVED
Re*served" (-zrvd"), a.

1. Kept for future or special use, or for an exigency; as, reserved
troops; a reserved seat in a theater.

2. Restrained from freedom in words or actions; backward, or
cautious, in communicating one's thoughts and feelings; not free or
frank.
To all obliging, yet reserved to all. Walsh.
Nothing reserved or sullen was to see. Dryden.
-- Re*serv"ed*ly (r, adv.
 -- Re*serv"ed*ness, n.

RESERVEE
Res`er*vee" (rz`r-v"), n.

Defn: One to, or for, whom anything is reserved; -- contrasted with
reservor.

RESERVER
Re*serv"er (r-zrv"r), n.

Defn: One who reserves.

RESERVIST
Re*serv"ist, n.

Defn: A member of a reserve force of soldiers or militia. [Eng.]

RESERVOIR
Res"er*voir` (rz"r-vwr`;277), n. Etym: [F. réservoir, fr. LL.
reservatorium. See Reservatory.]

1. A place where anything is kept in store; especially, a place where
water is collected and kept for use when wanted, as to supply a
fountain, a canal, or a city by means of aqueducts, or to drive a
mill wheel, or the like.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A small intercellular space, often containing Receiving
reservoir (Water Works), a principal reservoir into which an aqueduct
or rising main delivers water, and from which a distributing
reservoir draws its supply.

RESERVOR
Re*serv"or (r-zrv"r or rz`r-vr), n.

Defn: One who reserves; a reserver.

RESET
Re*set" (r-st"), v. t.

Defn: To set again; as, to reset type; to reset copy; to reset a
diamond.

RESET
Re"set (r"st), n.

1. The act of resetting.

2. (Print.)

Defn: That which is reset; matter set up again.

RESET
Re*set" (r-st"), n. Etym: [OF. recete, recepte, a receiving. Cf.
Receipt.] (Scots Law)

Defn: The receiving of stolen goods, or harboring an outlaw.
Jamieson.

RESET
Re*set", v. t. (Scots Law)

Defn: To harbor or secrete; to hide, as stolen goods or a criminal.
We shall see if an English hound is to harbor and reset the Southrons
here. Sir. W. Scott.

RESETTER
Re*set"ter (-tr), n. (Scots Law)

Defn: One who receives or conceals, as stolen goods or criminal.

RESETTER
Re*set"ter (r-St"tr), n.

Defn: One who resets, or sets again.

RESETTLE
Re*set"tle (r-st"t'l), v. t.

Defn: To settle again. Swift.

RESETTLE
Re*set"tle, v. i.

Defn: To settle again, or a second time.

RESETTLEMENT
Re*set"tle*ment (-ment), n.

Defn: Act of settling again, or state of being settled again; as, the
resettlement of lees.
The resettlement of my discomposed soul. Norris.

RESHAPE
Re*shape" (r-shp"), v. t.

Defn: To shape again.

RESHIP
Re*ship" (r-shp"), v. t.

Defn: To ship again; to put on board of a vessel a second time; to
send on a second voyage; as, to reship bonded merchandise.

RESHIP
Re*ship", v. i.

Defn: To engage one's self again for service on board of a vessel
after having been discharged.

RESHIPMENT
Re*ship"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act of reshipping; also, that which is reshippped.

RESHIPPER
Re*ship"per (-pr), n.

Defn: One who reships.

RESIANCE
Res`i*ance (rz"-ans), n. Etym: [LL. reseantia, reseance.]

Defn: Residence; abode. [Obs.] Bacon.

RESIANT
Res"i*ant (-ant), a. Etym: [OF. reseant, resseant, L. residens. See
Resident.]

Defn: Resident; present in a place. [Obs.]
In which her kingdom's throne is chiefly resiant. Spenser.

RESIANT
Res"i*ant, n.

Defn: A resident. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

RESIDE
Re*side" (r-zd"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Resided; p. pr. & vb. n.
Residing.] Etym: [F. résider, L. residere; pref. re- re- + sedere to
sit. See Sit. ]

1. To dwell permanently or for a considerable time; to have a settled
abode for a time; to abide continuosly; to have one's domicile of
home; to remain for a long time.
At the moated grange, resides this dejected Mariana. Shak.
In no fixed place the happy souls reside. Dryden.

2. To have a seat or fixed position; to inhere; to lie or be as in
attribute or element.
In such like acts, the duty and virtue of contentedness doth
especially reside. Barrow.

3. To sink; to settle, as sediment. [Obs.] Boyle.

Syn.
 -- To dwell; inhabit; sojourn; abide; remain; live; domiciliate;
domicile.

RESIDENCE
Res"i*dence (rz"-dens), n. Etym: [F. résidence. See Resident.]

1. The act or fact of residing, abiding, or dwelling in a place for
some continuance of time; as, the residence of an American in France
or Italy for a year.
The confessor had often made considerable residences in Normandy. Sir
M. Hale.

2. The place where one resides; an abode; a dwelling or habitation;
esp., a settled or permanent home or domicile. "Near the residence of
Posthumus." Shak.
Johnson took up his residence in London. Macaulay.

3. (Eng.Eccl.Law)

Defn: The residing of an incumbent on his benefice; -- opposed to
nonresidence.

4. The place where anything rests permanently.
But when a king sets himself to bandy against the highest court and
residence of all his regal power, he then, . . . fights against his
own majesty and kingship. Milton.

5. Subsidence, as of a sediment. [Obs.] Bacon.

6. That which falls to the bottom of liquors; sediment; also, refuse;
residuum. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- Domiciliation; sojourn; stay; abode; home; dwelling; habitation;
domicile; mansion.

RESIDENCIA
Re`si*den"cia, n. [Sp.]

Defn: In Spanish countries, a court or trial held, sometimes as long
as six months, by a newly elected official, as the governor of a
province, to examine into the conduct of a predecessor.

RESIDENCY
Res"i*den*cy (-den-s), n.

1. Residence. [Obsoles.]

2. A political agency at a native court in British India, held by an
officer styled the Residentl: also, a Dutch commercial colony or
province in the East Indies.

RESIDENT
Res"i*dent (-dent), a. Etym: [F. résident, L. residens, -entis, p.
pr. of residere. See Reside.]

1. Dwelling, or having an abode, in a place for a continued length of
time; residing on one's own estate; -- opposed to nonresident; as,
resident in the city or in the country.

2. Fixed; stable; certain. [Obs.] "Stable and resident like a rock."
Jer. TAylor.
One there still resident as day and night. Davenant.

RESIDENT
Res"i*dent, n.

1. One who resides or dwells in a place for some time.

2. A diplomatic representative who resides at a foreign court; -- a
term usualy applied to ministers of a rank inferrior to that of
ambassadors. See the Note under Minister,4.

RESIDENTER
Res"i*dent*er (-$r), n.

Defn: A resident. [Obs. or Colloq.]

RESIDENTIAL
Res`i*den""tial (-dn"shal), a.

1. Of or pertaining to a residence or residents; as, residential
trade.

2. Residing; residentiary. [R.]

RESIDENTIARY
Res`i*den"tia*ry (-dn"sh-r; 277), a. Etym: [LL. residentiaris.]

Defn: Having residence; as, a canon residentary; a residentiary
guardian. Dr. H. More.

RESIDENTIARY
Res`i*den"tia*ry, n.

1. One who is resident.
The residentiary, or the frequent visitor of the favored spot, . . .
will discover that both have been there. Coleridge.

2. An ecclesiastic who keeps a certain residence.

Syn.
 -- Inhabitant; inhabiter; dweller; sojourner.

RESIDENTIARYSHIP
Res`i*den"tia*ry*ship, n.

Defn: The office or condition of a residentiary.

RESIDENTSHIP
Res"i*dent*ship (rz"-dent-shp), n.

Defn: The office or condition of a resident.

RESIDER
Re*sid"er (r-zd"r), n.

Defn: One who resides in a place.

RESIDUAL
Re*sid"u*al (r-zd"-al), a. Etym: [See Residue.]

Defn: Pertaining to a residue; remaining after a part is taken.
Residual air (Physiol.), that portion of air contained in the lungs
which can not be expelled even by the most violent expiratory effort.
It amounts to from 75 to 100 cubic inches. Cf. Supplemental air,
under Supplemental.
 -- Residual error. (Mensuration) See Error, 6 (b).
 -- Residual figure (Geom.), the figure which remains after a less
figure has been taken from a greater one.
 -- Residual magnetism (Physics), remanent magnetism. See under
Remanent.
 -- Residual product, a by product, as cotton waste from a cotton
mill, coke and coal tar from gas works, etc.
 -- Residual quantity (Alg.), a binomial quantity the two parts of
which are connected by the negative sign, as a-b.
 -- Residual root (Alg.), the root of a residual quantity, as sq.
root(a-b).

RESIDUAL
Re*sid"u*al, n. (Math.)
(a) The difference of the results obtained by observation, and by
computation from a formula.
(b) The difference between the mean of several observations and any
one of them.

RESIDUARY
Re*sid"u*a*ry (--r), a. Etym: [See Residue.]

Defn: Consisting of residue; as, residuary matter; pertaining to the
residue, or part remaining; as, the residuary advantage of an estate.
Ayliffe. Residuary clause (Law), that part of the testator's will in
which the residue of his estate is disposed of.
 -- Residuary devise (Law), the person to whom the residue of real
estate is devised by a will.
 -- Residuary legatee (Law), the person to whom the residue of
personal estate is bequeathed.

RESIDUE
Res"i*due (rz"-d), n. Etym: [F. résidu, L. residuum, fr. residuus
that is left behind, remaining, fr. residere to remain behind. See
Reside, and cf. Residuum.]

1. That which remains after a part is taken, separated, removed, or
designated; remnant; remainder.
The residue of them will I deliver to the sword. Jer. xv. 9.
If church power had then prevailed over its victims, not a residue of
English liberty would have been saved. I. Taylor.

2. (Law)

Defn: That part of a testeator's estate wwhich is not disposed of in
his will by particular and special legacies and devises, and which
remains after payment of debts and legacies.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: That which remains of a molecule after the removal of a portion
of its constituents; hence, an atom or group regarded as a portion of
a molecule; -- used as nearly equivalent to radical, but in a more
general sense.

Note: The term radical is sometimes restricted to groups containing
carbon, the term residue being applied to the others.

4. (Theory of Numbers)

Defn: Any positive or negative number that differs from a given
number by a multiple of a given modulus; thus, if 7 is the modulus,
and 9 the given number, the numbers -5, 2, 16, 23, etc., are
residues.

Syn.
 -- Rest; remainder; remnant; balance; residuum; remains; leavings;
relics.

RESIDUOUS
Re*sid"u*ous (r-zd"-s), a. Etym: [L. residuus.]

Defn: Remaining; residual. Landor.

RESIDUUM
Re*sid"u*um (-m), n. Etym: [L. See Residue.]

Defn: That which is left after any process of separation or
purification; that which remains after certain specified deductions
are made; residue.
"I think so," is the whole residuum . . . after evaporating the
prodigious pretensions of the zealot demagogue. L. Taylor.

RESIEGE
Re*siege" (r-sj"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + siege a seat.]

Defn: To seat again; to reinstate. [Obs.] Spenser.

RE-SIGN
Re-sign" (r-sn"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + sign.]

Defn: To affix one's signature to, a second time; to sign again.

RESIGN
Re*sign" (r-zn"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Resigned (-znd"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Resigning.] Etym: [F. résigner, L. resignare to unseal, annul,
assign, resign; pref. re- re- + signare to seal, stamp. See Sign, and
cf. Resignation.]

1. To sign back; to return by a formal act; to yield to another; to
surrender; -- said especially of office or emolument. Hence, to give
up; to yield; to submit; -- said of the wishes or will, or of
something valued; -- also often used reflexively.
I here resign my government to thee. Shak.
Lament not, Eve, but patiently resign What justly thou hast lost.
Milton.
What more reasonable, than that we should in all things resign up
ourselves to the will of God Tiilotson.

2. To relinquish; to abandon.
He soon resigned his former suit. Spenser.

3. To commit to the care of; to consign. [Obs.]
Gentlement of quality have been sent beyong the seas, resigned and
concredited to the conduct of such as they call governors. Evelyn.

Syn.
 -- To abdicate; surrender; submit; leave; relinquish; forego; quit;
forsake; abandon; renounce.
 -- Resign, Relinquish. To resign is to give up, as if breaking a
seal and yielding all it had secured; hence, it marks a formal and
deliberate surrender. To relinquish is less formal, but always
implies abandonment and that the thing given up has been long an
object of pursuit, and, usually, that it has been prized and desired.
We resign what we once held or considered as our own, as an office,
employment, etc. We speak of relinquishing a claim, of relinquishing
some advantage we had sought or enjoyed, of relinquishing seme right,
privilege, etc. "Men are weary with the toil which they bear, but can
not find it in their hearts to relinquish it." Steele. See Abdicate.

RE SIGN
Re sign", n.

Defn: Resignation. [Obs.] Beau & Fl.

RESIGNATION
Res`ig*na"tion (rz`g-n"shn), n. Etym: [F. résignation. See Resign.]

1. The act of resigning or giving up, as a claim, possession, office,
or the like; surrender; as, the resignation of a crown or comission.

2. The state of being resigned or submissive; quiet or patient
submission; unresisting acquiescence; as, resignation to the will and
providence of God.

Syn.
 -- Patience; surrender; relinquisment; forsaking; abandonment;
abdication; renunciation; submission; acquiescence; endurance. See
Patience.

RESIGNED
Re*signed" (r-znd"), a.

Defn: Submissive; yielding; not disposed to resist or murmur.
A firm, yet cautious mind; Sincere, thought prudent; constant, yet
resigned. Pope.

RESIGNEDLY
Re*sign"ed*ly (r-zn"d-l), adv.

Defn: With submission.

RESIGNEE
Res`ign*ee" (rz`-n"), n.

Defn: One to whom anything is resigned, or in whose favor a
resignation is made.

RESIGNER
Re*sign"er (r-zn"r), n.

Defn: One who resigns.

RESIGNMENT
Re*sign"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act of resigning.

RESILE
Re*sile" (r-zl"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Resiled (-zld"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Resiling.] Etym: [L. resilire to leap or spring back; pref. re-
re- + salire to leap, spring. See Salient.]

Defn: To start back; to recoil; to recede from a purpose. J. Ellis.

RESILIENCE; RESILIENCY
Re*sil"i*ence, Re*sil"i*en*cy, n.

1. The act of resiling, springing back, or rebounding; as, the
resilience of a ball or of sound.

2. (Mech. & Engyn.)

Defn: The mechanical work required to strain an elastic body, as a
deflected beam, stretched spring, etc., to the elastic limit; also,
the work performed by the body in recovering from such strain.

RESILIENT
Re*sil"i*ent (-ent), a. Etym: [L. resiliens, p. pr.]

Defn: Leaping back; rebounding; recoling.

RESILITION
Res`i*li"tion (rz`-lsh"n), n.

Defn: Resilience. [R.]

RESIN
Res"in (rz"n), n. Etym: [F. résine, L. resina; cf. Gr. "rhti`nh Cf.
Rosin.]

Defn: Any one of a class of yellowish brown solid inflammable
substances, of vegetable origin, which are nonconductors of
electricity, have a vitreous fracture, and are soluble in ether,
alcohol, and essential oils, but not in water; specif., pine resin
(see Rosin).

Note: Resins exude from trees in combination with essential oils,
gums, etc., and in a liquid or semiliquid state. They are composed of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and are supposed to be formed by the
oxidation of the essential oils. Copal, mastic, quaiacum, and
colophony or pine resin, are some of them. When mixed with gum, they
form the gum resins, like asafetida and gamboge; mixed with essential
oils, they frorm balsams, or oleoresins. Highgate resin (Min.), a
fossil resin resembling copal, occuring in blue clay at Highgate,
near London.
 -- Resin bush (Bot.), a low composite shrub (Euryops speciosissimus)
of South Africa, having smooth pinnately parted leaves and abounding
in resin.

RESINACEOUS
Res`in*a"ceous (-"shs), a.

Defn: Having the quality of resin; resinous.

RESINATE
Res"in*ate (rz"n-t), n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of the salts the resinic acids.

RESINIC
Re*sin"ic (r-zn"k), a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, resin; as, the resinic acids.

RESINIFEROUS
Res`in*if"er*ous (rz`n-f"r-s), a. Etym: [Resin + -ferous: cf. F.
résinifère.]

Defn: Yielding resin; as, a resiniferous tree or vessel.

RESINIFORM
Res"in*i*form (rz"n--frm), a. Etym: [Resin + -form: cf. F.
résiniforme.]

Defn: Having the form of resin.

RESINO-ELECTRIC
Res`in*o-e*lec"tric (---lk"trk), a. (Elec.)

Defn: Containing or exhibiting resinous electricity.

RESINOID
Res"in*oid (rz"n-oid), a.

Defn: Somewhat like resin.

RESINOUS
Res"in*ous (-s), a. Etym: [L. resinous: cf. F. résineux. See Resin.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to resin; of the nature of resin; resembling
or obtained from resin. Resinous electricity (Elec.), electricity
which is exited by rubbing bodies of the resinous kind. See Negative
electricity, under Negative.

RESINOUSLY
Res"in*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: By means, or in the manner, of resin.

RESINOUSNESS
Res"in*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being resinous.

RESINY
Res"in*y (-), a.

Defn: Like resin; resinous.

RESIPISCENCE
Res`i*pis"cence (rs`-ps"sens), n. Etym: [L. resipiscentia, from
resipiscere to recover one's senses: cf. F. résipiscence.]

Defn: Wisdom derived from severe experience; hence, repentance. [R.]
Bp. Montagu.

RESIST
Re*sist" (r-zstt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Resisted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Resisting.] Etym: [F. résister, L. resistere, pref. re- re- + sistere
to stand, cause to stand, v. causative of stare to stand. See Stand.]

1. To stand against; to withstand; to obstruct.
That mortal dint, Save He who reigns above, none can resist. Milton.

2. To strive against; to endeavor to counteract, defeat, or
frustrate; to act in opposition to; to oppose.
God resisteth the proud. James iv. 6.
Contrary to his high will Whom we resist. Milton.

3. To counteract, as a force, by inertia or reaction.

4. To be distasteful to. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- To withstand; oppose; hinder; obstruct; counteract; check;
thwart; baffle; disappoint.

RESIST
Re*sist", v. i.

Defn: To make opposition. Shak.

RESIST
Re*sist", n. (Calico Printing)

Defn: A substance used to prevent a color or mordant from fixing on
those parts to which it has been applied, either by acting
machanically in preventing the color, etc., from reaching the cloth,
or chemically in changing the color so as to render it incapable of
fixing itself in the fibers.. The pastes prepared for this purpose
are called resist pastes. F. C. Calvert.

RESISTANCE
Re*sist"ance (-ans), n. Etym: [F. résistance, LL. resistentia, fr.
resistens, - entis, p. pr. See Resist.]

1. The act of resisting; opposition, passive or active.
When King Demetrius saw that . . . no resistance was made against
him, he sent away all his forces. 1. Macc. xi. 38.

2. (Physics)

Defn: The quality of not yielding to force or external pressure; that
power of a body which acts in opposition to the impulse or pressure
of another, or which prevents the effect of another power; as, the
resistance of the air to a body passing through it; the resistance of
a target to projectiles.

3. A means or method of resisting; that which resists.
Unfold to us some warlike resistance. Shak.

4. (Elec.)

Defn: A certain hindrance or opposition to the passage of an
electrical current or discharge offered by conducting bodies. It
bears an inverse relation to the conductivity, -- good conductors
having a small resistance, while poor conductors or insulators have a
very high resistance. The unit of resistance is the ohm. Resistance
box (Elec.), a rheostat consisting of a box or case containing a
number of resistance coils of standard values so arranged that they
can be combined in various ways to afford more or less resistance.
 -- Resistance coil (Elec.), a coil of wire introduced into an
electric circuit to increase the resistance.
 -- Solid of least resistance (Mech.), a solid of such a form as to
experience, in moving in a fluid, less resistance than any other
solid having the same base, height, and volume.

RESISTANCE FRAME
Re*sist"ance frame`. (Elec.)

Defn: A rheostat consisting of an open frame on which are stretched
spirals of wire. Being freely exposed to the air, they radiate heat
rapidly.

RESISTANT
Re*sist"ant (-ant), a. Etym: [F. résistant: cf. L. resistens. See
Resist.]

Defn: Making resistance; resisting.
 -- n.

Defn: One who, or that which, resists. Bp. Pearson.

RESISTER
Re*sist"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who resists.

RESISTFUL
Re*sist"ful (-fl), a.

Defn: Making much resistance.

RESISTIBILITY
Re*sist`i*bil"i*ty (--bl"-t), n..

1. The quality of being resistible; resistibleness.

2. The quality of being resistant; resitstance.
The name "body" being the complex idea of extension and resistibility
together in the same subject. Locke.

RESISTIBLE
Re*sist"i*ble (r-zst"-b'l), a. Etym: [Cf. F. résistible.]

Defn: Capable of being resisted; as, a resistible force. Sir M. Hale.
 -- Re*sist"i*ble*ness, n.
 -- Re*sist"i*bly, adv.

RESISTING
Re*sist"ing, a.

Defn: Making resistance; opposing; as, a resisting medium.
 -- Re*sist"ing ly, adv.

RESISTIVE
Re*sist"ive (-v), a.

Defn: Serving to resist. B. Jonsosn.

RESISTLESS
Re*sist"less, a.

1. Having no power to resist; making no opposition. [Obs. or R.]
Spenser.

2. Incapable of being resisted; irresistible.
Masters' commands come with a power resistless To such as owe them
absolute subjection. Milton.
-- Re*sist"less*ly, adv.
 -- Re*sist"less*ness, n.

RESOLUBLE
Res"o*lu*ble (rz"-l-b'l), a.Etym: [L. resolubolis: cf. F. résoluble.
See Resolve, and cf. Resolvable.]

Defn: Admitting of being resolved; resolvable; as, bodies resoluble
by fire. Boyle.
 -- Res"o*lu*ble*ness, n.

RESOLUTE
Res"o*lute (rz"-lt), a. Etym: [Cf. F. résolu. The L. resolutus (p. p.
of resolvere) means, relaxed, enervated, effeminate. See Resolve, v.
t. & i.]

1. Having a decided purpose; determined; resolved; fixed in a
determination; hence, bold; firm; steady.
Edward is at hand, Ready to fight; therefore be resolute. Shak.

2. Convinced; satisfied; sure. [Obs.]

3. Resolving, or explaining; as, the Resolute Doctor Durand. [Obs.]

Syn.
 -- Determined; decided; fixed; steadfast; steady; constant;
persevering; firm; bold; unshaken.

RESOLUTE
Res"o*lute (rz"-lt), n.

1. One who [Obs.] Shak.

2. Redelivery; repayment. [Obs.] "Yearly resolutes, deductions, and
payments." Bp. Burnet.

RESOLUTELY
Res"o*lute*ly, adv.

Defn: In a resolute manner; with fixed purpose; boldly; firmly;
steadily; with perseverance.
Some.. facts he examines, some he resolutely denies. Swift.

RESOLUTENESS
Res"o*lute*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being resolute.

RESOLUTION
Res`o*lu"tion (-l"shn), n. Etym: [F. résolution. L. resolutio a
loosening, solution. See Resolve.]

1. The act, operation, or process of resolving. Specifically: (a) The
act of separating a compound into its elements or component parts.
(b) The act of analyzing a complex notion, or solving a vexed
question or difficult problem.
The unraveling and resolution of the difficulties that are met with
in the execution of the design are the end of an action. Dryden.

2. The state of being relaxed; relaxation. [Obs.]

3. The state of being resolved, settled, or determined; firmness;
steadiness; constancy; determination.
Be it with resolution then to fight. Shak.

4. That which is resolved or determined; a settled purpose;
determination. Specifically: A formal expression of the opinion or
will of an official body or a public assembly, adopted by vote; as, a
legislative resolution; the resolutions of a public meeting.

5. The state of being resolved or firm in opinion or thought;
conviction; assurance. [Obs.]
Little resolution and certainty there is as touching the islands of
Mauritania. Holland.

6. (Math.)

Defn: The act or process of solving; solution; as, the resolution of
an equation or problem.

7. (Med.)

Defn: A breaking up, disappearance; or termination, as of a fever, a
tumor, or the like.

8. (Mus.)

Defn: The passing of a dissonant into a consonant chord by the rising
or falling of the note which makes the discord. Joint resolution. See
under Joint, a.
 -- Resolution of a force or motion (Mech.), the separation of a
single force or motion into two or more which have different
directions, and, taken together, are an equivalent for the single
one; -- the opposite of Ant: composition of a force.
 -- Resolution of a nebula (Astron.), the exhibition of it to the eye
by a telescope of such power as to show it to be composed of small
stars.

Syn.
 -- Decision; analysis; separation; disentanglement; dissolution;
resolvedness; resoluteness; firmness; constancy; perseverance;
steadfastness; fortitude; boldness; purpose; resolve. See Decision.

RESOLUTIONER
Res`o*lu"tion*er (-r), n.

Defn: One who makes a resolution; one who joins with others in a
declaration or resolution; specifically, one of a party in the
Scottish Church in the 17th century.
He was sequestrated afterwards as a Resolutioner. Sir W. Scott.

RESOLUTIONIST
Res`o*lu"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who makes a resolution.

RESOLUTIVE
Res"o*lu`tive (rz"-lu`tv), a. Etym: [Cf.F. résolutif.]

Defn: Serving to dissolve or relax. [R.] Johnson.

RESOLUTORY
Res"o*lu*to*ry (rz"-l-t-r), a.

Defn: Resolutive. [R.]

RESOLVABILITY
Re*solv`a*bil"i*ty (r-zlv`-bl"-t), n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being resolvable; resolvableness.

RESOLVABLE
Re*solv"a*ble (r-zlv"-b'l), a. Etym: [See Resolve, and cf.
Resoluble.]

Defn: Admitting of being resolved; admitting separation into
constituent parts, or reduction to first principles; admitting
solution or explanation; as, resolvable compounds; resolvable ideas
or difficulties.

RESOLVABLENESS
Re*solv"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being resolvable; resolvability.

RESOLVE
Re*solve" (r*zlv"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Resolved (-zlvd"); p. pr. &
vb. n. Resolving.] Etym: [L. resolvere, resolutum, to untie, loosen,
relax, enfeeble; pref. re- re- + solvere to loosen, dissolve: cf. F.
résoudare to resolve. See Solve, and cf. Resolve, v. i., Resolute,
Resolution.]

1. To separate the component parts of; to reduce to the constituent
elements; -- said of compound substances; hence, sometimes, to melt,
or dissolve.
O, that this too too solid flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolve itself
into a dew! Shak.
Ye immortal souls, who once were men, And now resolved to elements
again. Dryden.

2. To reduce to simple or intelligible notions; -- said of complex
ideas or obscure questions; to make clear or certain; to free from
doubt; to disentangle; to unravel; to explain; hence, to clear up, or
dispel, as doubt; as, to resolve a riddle. "Resolve my doubt." Shak.
To the resolving whereof we must first know that the Jews were
commanded to divorce an unbelieving Gentile. Milton.

3. To cause to perceive or understand; to acquaint; to inform; to
convince; to assure; to make certain.
Sir, be resolved. I must and will come. Beau & Fl.
Resolve me, Reason, which of these is worse, Want with a full, or
with an empty purse Pope.
In health, good air, pleasure, riches, I am resolved it can not be
equaled by any region. Sir W. Raleigh.
We must be resolved how the law can be pure and perspicuous, and yet
throw a polluted skirt over these Eleusinian mysteries. Milton.

4. To determine or decide in purpose; to make ready in mind; to fix;
to settle; as, he was resolved by an unexpected event.

5. To express, as an opinion or determination, by resolution and
vote; to declare or decide by a formal vote; -- followed by a clause;
as, the house resolved (or, it was resolved by the house) that no
money should be apropriated (or, to appropriate no money).

6. To change or convert by resolution or formal vote; -- used only
reflexively; as, the house resolved itself into a committee of the
whole.

7. (Math.)

Defn: To solve, as a problem, by enumerating the several things to be
done, in order to obtain what is required; to find the answer to, or
the result of. Hutton.

8. (Med.)

Defn: To dispere or scatter; to discuss, as an inflammation or a
tumor.

9. (Mus.)

Defn: To let the tones (as of a discord) follow their several
tendencies, resulting in a concord.

10. To relax; to lay at ease. [Obs.] B. Jonson. To resolve a
nebula.(Astron.) See Resolution of a nebula, under Resolution.

Syn.
 -- To solve; analyze; unravel; disentangle.

RESOLVE
Re*solve" (r-zlv"), v. i. Etym: [The sense "to be convinced, to
determine" comes from the idea of loosening, breaking up into parts,
analyzing, hence, determining.]

1. To be separated into its component parts or distinct principles;
to undergo resolution.

2. To melt; to dissolve; to become fluid.
When the blood stagnates in any part, it first coagulates, then
resolves, and turns alkaline. Arbuthhnot.

3. To be settled in opinion; to be convinced. [R.]
Let men resolve of that as they plaease. Locke.

4. To form a purpose; to make a decision; especially, to determine
after reflection; as, to resolve on a better course of life.

Syn.
 -- To determine; decide; conclude; purpose.

RESOLVE
Re*solve", n.

1. The act of resolving or making clear; resolution; solution. "To
give a full resolve of that which is so much controverted." Milton.

2. That which has been resolved on or determined; decisive
conclusion; fixed purpose; determination; also, legal or official
determination; a legislative declaration; a resolution.
Nor is your firm resolve unknown. Shak.
Cæsar's approach has summoned us together, And Rome attends her fate
from our resolves. Addison.

RESOLVED
Re*solved" (r-zlvd"), p. p. & a.

Defn: Having a fixed purpose; determined; resolute; -- usually placed
after its noun; as, a man resolved to be rich.
That makes him a resolved enemy. Jer. Taylor.
I am resolved she shall not settle here. Fielding.

RESOLVEDLY
Re*solv"ed*ly (rzlv"d-l), adv.

1. So as to resolve or clear up difficulties; clearly. [Obs.]
Of that, and all the progress, more or less, Resolvedly more leisure
shall express. Shak.

2. Resolutely; decidedly; firmly. Grew.

RESOLVEDNESS
Re*solv"ed*ness, n.

Defn: Fixedness of purpose; firmness; resolution. Dr. H. More.

RESOLVENT
Re*solv"ent (-ent), a.

Defn: Having power to resolve; causing solution; solvent.

RESOLVENT
Re*solv"ent, n. Etym: [L. resolvens, p. pr. of resolvere: cf. F.
résolvant. See Resolve.]

1. That which has the power of resolving, or causing solution; a
solvent.

2. (Med.)

Defn: That which has power to disperse inflammatory or other tumors;
a discutient; anything which aids the absorption of effused products.
Coxe.

3. (Math.)

Defn: An equation upon whose solution the solution of a given
pproblem depends.

RESOLVER
Re*solv"er (r-zlv"r), n.

1. That which decomposes, or dissolves. Boyle.

2. That which clears up and removes difficulties, and makes the mind
certain or determined. Bp. Burnet.

3. One who resolves, or formal a firm purpose.

RESONANCE
Res"o*nance (rz"-nans), n. Etym: [Cf. F. résonance, L. resonantia an
echo.]

1. The act of resounding; the quality or state of being resonant.

2. (Acoustics)

Defn: A prolongation or increase of any sound, eithar by reflection,
as in a cavern or apartment the walls of which are not distant enough
to return a distinct echo, or by the production of vibrations in
other bodies, as a sounding-board, or the bodies of musical
instruments. Pulmonary resonance (Med.), the sound heard on
percussing over the lungs.
 -- Vocal resonance (Med.), the sound transmitted to the ear when
auscultation is made while the patient is speaking.

RESONANCY
Res"o*nan*cy (-nan-s), n.

Defn: Resonance.

RESONANT
Res"o*nant (-nant), a. Etym: [L. resonans, p. pr. of resonare to
resound: cf. F. résonnant. See Resound.]

Defn: Returning, or capable of returning, sound; fitted to resound;
resounding; echoing back.
Through every hour of the golden morning, the streets were resonant
with female parties of young and old. De Quincey.

RESONANTLY
Res"o*nant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a reasonant manner.

RESONATOR
Res"o*na`tor (-n`tr), n. (Acoustics)

Defn: Anything which resounds; specifically, a vessel in the form of
a cylinder open at one end, or a hollow ball of brass with two
apertures, so contrived as to greatly intensify a musical tone by its
resonance. It is used for the study and analysis of complex sounds.

RESORB
Re*sorb" (r-srb"), v. t. Etym: [L. reorbere; pref. re- re- + sorbere
to suck or drink in.]

Defn: To swallow up.
Now lifted by the tide, and now resorbed. Young.

RESORBENT
Re*sorb"ent (-ent), a. Etym: [L. resorbens, p. pr. of resorbere.]

Defn: Swallowing up. Wodhull.

RESORCIN
Res*or"cin (rz-r"sn), n. Etym: [Resin + orcin. So called because in
its higher homologue it resembles orcin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless crystalline substance of the phenol series,
obtained by melting certain resins, as galbanum, asafetida, etc.,
with caustic potash. It is also produced artificially and used in
making certain dyestuffs, as phthaleïn, fluoresceïn, and eosin.

RESORCYLIC
Res`or*cyl"ic (rz`r-sl"k), a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, or pertaining to, or producing, resorcin; as, resorcylic
acid.

RESORPTION
Re*sorp"tion (r*srp"shn), n.

Defn: The act of resorbing; also, the act of absorbing again;
reabsorption.

RESORT
Re*sort" (r*zrt"), n. Etym: [F. ressort.]

Defn: Active power or movement; spring. [A Gallicism] [Obs.]
Some . . . know the resorts and falls of business that can not sink
into the main of it. Bacon.

RESORT
Re*sort", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Resorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Resorting.]
Etym: [OF. resortir to withdraw, take refuge, F. ressortir to be in
the jurisdiction, LL. resortire; pref. re- re- + L. sortiri to draw
lots, obtain by lot, from sors lot. See Sort. The meaning is first to
reobtain (by lot), then to gain by appeal to a higher court (as a law
term), to appeal, go for protection or refuge.]

1. To go; to repair; to betake one's self.
What men name resort to him Shak.

2. To fall back; to revert. [Obs.]
The inheritance of the son never resorted to the mother, or to any of
her ancestors. Sir M. Hale.

3. To have recourse; to apply; to one's self for help, relief, or
advantage.
The king thought it time to resort to other counsels. Clarendon.

RESORT
Re*sort" (r*zrt"), n. Etym: [Cf. F. ressort jurisdiction. See Resort,
v.]

1. The act of going to, or making application; a betaking one's self;
the act of visiting or seeking; recourse; as, a place of popular
resort; -- often figuratively; as, to have resort to force.
Join with me to forbid him her resort. Shak.

2. A place to which one betakes himself habitually; a place of
frequent assembly; a haunt.
Far from all resort of mirth. Milton.

3. That to which one resorts or looks for help; resource; refuge.
Last resort, ultimate means of relief; also, final tribunal; that
from which there is no appeal.

RESORTER
Re*sort"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who resorts; a frequenter.

RESOUN
Re*soun" (r*zn"), n.

Defn: Reason. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RESOUN
Re*soun", v. i. & t.

Defn: To resound. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RE-SOUND
Re-sound" (r*sound"), v. t. & i. Etym: [Pref. re- + sound.]

Defn: To sound again or anew.

RESOUND
Re*sound" (r*zound"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Resounded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Resounding.] Etym: [OE. resounen, OF. resoner, F. résonner, from L.
resonare; pref. re- re- + sonare to sound, sonus sound. See Sound to
make a noise.]

1. To sound loudly; as, his voice resounded far.

2. To be filled with sound; to ring; as, the woods resound with song.

3. To be echoed; to be sent back, as sound. "Common fame . . .
resounds back to them again." South.

4. To be mentioned much and loudly. Milton.

5. To echo or reverberate; to be resonant; as, the earth resounded
with his praise.

RESOUND
Re*sound", v. t.

1. To throw back, or return, the sound of; to echo; to reverberate.
Albion's cliffs resound the rurPope.

2. To praise or celebrate with the voice, or the sound of
instruments; to extol with sounds; to spread the fame of.
The man for wisdom's various arts renowned, Long exercised in woes, O
muse, resound. Pope.

Syn.
 -- To echo; reëcho; reverberate; sound.

RESOUND
Re*sound", n.

Defn: Return of sound; echo. Beaumont.

RESOURCE
Re*source" (r*srs"), n. Etym: [F. ressource, fr. OF. ressourdre,
resourdre, to spring forth or up again; pref. re- re- + sourdre to
spring forth. See Source.]

1. That to which one resorts orr on which one depends for supply or
support; means of overcoming a difficulty; resort; expedient.
Threat'nings mixed with prayers, his last resource. Dryden.

2. pl.

Defn: Pecuniary means; funds; money, or any property that can be
converted into supplies; available means or capabilities of any kind.
Scotland by no means escaped the fate ordained for every country
which is connected, but not incorporated, with another country of
greater resources. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Expedient; resort; means; contrivance.

RESOURCEFUL
Re*source"ful (-fl), a.

Defn: Full of resources.

RESOURCELESS
Re*source"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of resources. Burke.
 -- Re*source"less*ness, n. R. Browning.

RESOW
Re*sow" (r*s"), v. t.

Defn: To sow again. Bacon.

RESOWN
Re*sown" (r*zoun"), v.

Defn: To resound. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RESPEAK
Re*speak" (r*spk"), v. t.

1. To speak or utter again.

2. To answer; to echo. [Obs. or Poetic] Shak.

RESPECT
Re*spect" (r*spkt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Respected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Respecting.] Etym: [L. respectare, v. intens. from respicere,
respectum, to look back, respect; pref. re- re- + specere, spicere,
to look, to view: cf. F. respecter. See Spy, and cf. Respite.]

1. To take notice of; to regard with special attention; to regard as
worthy of special consideration; hence, to care for; to heed.
Thou respectest not spilling Edward's blood. Shak.
In orchards and gardens, we do not so much respect beauty as variety
of ground for fruits, trees, and herbs. Bacon.

2. To consider worthy of esteem; to regard with honor. "I do respect
thee as my soul." Shak.

3. To look toward; to front upon or toward. [Obs.]
Palladius adviseth the front of his house should so respect the Sir
T. Browne.

4. To regard; to consider; to deem. [Obs.]
To whom my father gave this name of Gaspar, And as his own respected
him to death. B. Jonson.

5. To have regard to; to have reference to; to relateto; as, the
treaty particularly respects our commerce. As respects, as regards;
with regard to; as to. Macaulay.
 -- To respect the person or persons, to favor a person, or persons
on corrupt grounds; to show partiality. "Ye shall not respect persons
in judgment." Deut. i. 17.

Syn.
 -- To regard; esteem; honor; revere; venerate.

RESPECT
Re*spect", n. Etym: [L. respectus: cf. F. respect. See Respect, v.,
and cf. Respite.]

1. The act of noticing with attention; the giving particular
consideration to; hence, care; caution.
But he it well did ward with wise respect. Spenser.

2. Esteem; regard; consideration; honor.
Seen without awe, and served without respect. Prior.
The same men treat the Lord's Day with as little respect. R. Nelson.

3. pl.

Defn: An expression of respect of deference; regards; as, to send
one's respects to another.

4. Reputation; repute. [Obs.]
Many of the best respect in Rome. Shak.

5. Relation; reference; regard.
They believed but one Supreme Deity, which, with respect to the
various benefits men received from him, had several titles.
Tillotson.

4. Particular; point regarded; point of view; as, in this respect; in
any respect; in all respects.
Everything which is imperfect, as the world must be acknowledged in
many respects. Tillotson.
In one respect I'll be thy assistant. Shak.

7. Consideration; motive; interest. [Obs.] "Whatever secret respects
were likely to move them." Hooker.
To the publik good Private respects must yield. Milton.
In respect, in comparison. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- In respect of. (a) In comparison with. [Obs.] Shak. (b) As to; in
regard to. [Archaic] "Monsters in respect of their bodies." Bp.
Wilkins. "In respect of these matters." Jowett. (Thucyd. ) -- In, or
With, respect to, in relation to; with regard to; as respects.
Tillotson.
 -- To have respect of persons, to regard persons with partiality or
undue bias, especially on account of friendship, power, wealth, etc.
"It is not good to have respect of persons in judgment." Prov. xxiv.
23.

Syn.
 -- Deference; attention; regard; consideration; estimation. See
Deference.

RESPECTABILITY
Re*spect`a*bil"i*ty (r*spkt`*bl"*t), n.

Defn: The state or quality of being respectable; the state or quality
which deserves or commands respect.

RESPECTABLE
Re*spect"a*ble (-, a. Etym: [F. respectable, LL. respectabilis.]

1. Worthy of respect; fitted to awaken esteem; deserving regard;
hence, of good repute; not mean; as, a respectable citizen. "The
respectable quarter of Sicca." J. H. Newman.
No government, any more than an individual, will long be respected,
without being truly respectable. Madison.

2. Moderate in degree of excellence or in number; as, a respectable
performance; a respectable audience. --Re*spect"a*ble*ness,n.
 -- Re*spect"a*bly, adv.

RESPECTANT
Re*spect"ant (-ant), a. Etym: [F., p. pr. of respecter. See Respect.]
(Her.)

Defn: Placed so as to face one another; -- said of animals.

RESPECTER
Re*spect"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who respects. A respecter of persons, one who regards or
judges with partiality.
Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons. Acts x.
34.

RESPECTFUL
Re*spect"ful (-fl), a.

Defn: Marked or characterized by respect; as, respectful deportment.
With humble joi and with respectful fear. Prior.
-- Re*spect"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Re*spect"ful*ness, n.

RESPECTING
Re*spect"ing, prep.

Defn: With regard or relation to; regarding; concerning; as,
respecting his conduct there is but one opinion.

RESPECTION
Re*spec"tion (r*spk"shn), n. Etym: [Cf.LL. respectio.]

Defn: The act of respecting; respect; regard. [Obs.]
Without difference or respection of persons. Tyndale.

RESPECTIVE
Re*spec"tive (r*spk"tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. respectif, LL. respectivus.
See Respect.]

1. Noticing with attention; hence, careful; wary; considerate. [Obs.]
If you look upon the church of England with a respective eye, you can
not . . . refuse this charge. A

2. Looking towardl having reference to; relative, not absolute; as,
the respective connections of society.

3. Relating to particular persons or things, each to each;
particular; own; as, they returned to their respective places of
abode.

4. Fitted to awaken respect. [Obs.] Shak.

5. Rendering respect; respectful; regardful. [Obs.]
With respective shame, rose, took us by the hands. Chapman.
With thy equals familiar, yet respective. Lord Burleigh.

RESPECTIVELY
Re*spec"tive*ly, adv.

1. As relating to each; particularly; as each belongs to each; as
each refers to each in order; as, let each man respectively perform
his duty.
The impressions from the objects or the senses do mingle respectively
every one with its kind. Bacon.

2. Relatively; not absolutely. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

3. Partially; with respect to private views. [Obs.]

4. With respect; regardfully. [Obs.] Shak.

RESPECTLESS
Re*spect"less (r*spkt"ls), a.

Defn: Having no respect; without regard; regardless.
Rather than again Endure, respectless, their so moving cChapman.
-- Re*spect"less*ness, n. [R.] Shelton.

RESPECTUOUS
Re*spec"tu*ous (r*spk"t*s;135), a.

1. Respectful; as, a respectuous silence. [Obs.] Boyle.

2. Respectable. [Obs.] Knolles.

RESPELL
Re*spell" (r*spl"), v. t.

Defn: To spell again.

RESPERSE
Re*sperse" (r*sprs"), v. t. Etym: [L. respersus, p. p. of respergere;
pref. re- re- + spargere to srew, sprinkle.]

Defn: To sprinkle; to scatter. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

RESPERSION
Re*sper"sion (r*spr"shn), n. Etym: [L. respersio.]

Defn: The act of sprinkling or scattering. [Obs.]

RESPIRABILITY
Re*spir`a*bil"i*ty (r*spr`*bl"*t or rs`p*r-), n. Etym: [Cf. F.
respirabilit.]

Defn: The quality or state of being respirable; respirableness.

RESPIRABLE
Re*spir"a*ble (r*spr"*b'l or rs"p*r*b'l), a. Etym: [Cf. F.
respirable.]

Defn: Suitable for being breathed; adapted for respiration.
 -- Re*spir"a*ble*ness, n.

RESPIRATION
Res`pi*ra"tion (rs`p*r"shn), n. Etym: [L. respiratio: cf. F.
respiration. See Respire.]

1. The act of respiring or breathing again, or catching one's breath.

2. Relief from toil or suffering: rest. [Obs.]
Till the day Appear of respiration to the just And vengeance to the
wicked. Milton.

3. Interval; intermission. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

4. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act of resping or breathing; the act of taking in and
giving out air; the aggregate of those processes bu which oxygen is
introduced into the system, and carbon dioxide, or carbonic acid,
removed.

Note: Respiration in the higher animals is divided into: (a) Internal
respiration, or the interchange of oxygen and carbonic acid between
the cells of the body and the bathing them, which in one sense is a
process of nutrition. (b) External respiration, or the gaseous
interchange taking place in the special respiratory organs, the
lungs. This constitutes respiration proper. Gamgee. In the
respiration of plants oxygen is likewise absorbed and carbonic acid
exhaled, but in the light this process is obscured by another process
which goes on with more vigor, in which the plant inhales and absorbs
carbonic acid and exhales free oxygen.

RESPIRATIONAL
Res`pi*ra"tion*al (rs`p*r"shn-al), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to respiration; as, respirational
difficulties.

RESPIRATIVE
Re*spir"a*tive (r*sp*r*tv), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to respiration; as, respirative organs.

RESPIRATOR
Res"pi*ra`tor (rs"p*r`tr), n. Etym: [Cf. F. respirateur.]

Defn: A divice of gauze or wire, covering the mouth or nose, to
prevent the inhalation of noxious substances, as dust or smoke. Being
warmed by the breath, it tempers cold air passing through it, and may
also be used for the inhalation of medicated vapors.

RESPIRATORY
Re*spir"a*to*ry (r*spr"*t*r or rs"p*r-), a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to respiration; serving for respiration; as,
the respiratory organs; respiratory nerves; the respiratory function;
respiratory changes. Respiratory foods. (Physiol.) See 2d Note under
Food, n., 1.
 -- Respiratory tree (Zoöl.), the branched internal gill of certain
holothurians.

RESPIRE
Re*spire" (r*spr), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Respired (-sprd"); p. pr. &
vvb. n. Respiring.] Etym: [L. respirare, respiratum; pref. re- re- +
spirare to breathe: cf. F. respirer. See Spirit.]

1. To take breath again; hence, to take rest or refreshment. Spenser.
Here leave me to respire. Milton.
From the mountains where I now respire. Byron.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: To breathe; to inhale air into the lungs, and exhale it from
them, successively, for the purpose of maintaining the vitality of
the blood.

RESPIRE
Re*spire", v. t.

1. To breathe in and out; to inspire and expire,, as air; to breathe.
A native of the land where I respire The clear air for a while.
Byron.

2. To breathe out; to exhale. [R.] B. Jonson.

RESPITE
Res"pite (rs"pt), n. Etym: [OF. respit, F. répit, from L. respectus
respect, regard, delay, in LL., the deferring of a day. See Respect.]

1. A putting off of that which was appointed; a postponement or
delay.
I crave but four day's respite. Shak.

2. Temporary intermission of labor, or of any process or operation;
interval of rest; pause; delay. "Without more respite." Chaucer.
Some pause and respite only I require. Denham.

3. (Law)
(a) Temporary suspension of the execution of a capital offender;
reprieve.
(b) The delay of appearance at court granted to a jury beyond the
proper term.

Syn.
 -- Pause; interval; stop; cessation; delay; postponement; stay;
reprieve.

RESPITE
Res"pite, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Respited; p. pr. & vb. n. Respiting.]
Etym: [OF. respiter, LL. respectare. See Respite, n.]

Defn: To give or grant a respite to. Specifically:
(a) To delay or postpone; to put off.
(b) To keep back from execution; to reprieve.
Forty days longer we do respite you. Shak.

(c) To relieve by a pause or interval of rest. "To respite his day
labor with repast." Milton.

RESPITELESS
Res"pite*less, a.

Defn: Without respite. Baxter.

RESPLENDENCE; RESPLENDENCY
Re*splen"dence, Re*splen"den*cy, n. Etym: [L. resplendentia.]

Defn: The quality or state of being resplendent; brilliant luster;
vivid brightness; splendor.
Son! thou in whom my glory I behold In full resplendence, heir of all
my might. Milton.
The resplendency of his own almighty goodness. Dr. J. Scott.

RESPLENDENT
Re*splen"dent (-dent), a. Etym: [L. resplendens, -entis, p. pr. of
resplendere to shine brightly; pref. re- re- + splendere to shine.
See Splendid.]

Defn: Shining with brilliant luster; very bright.
 -- Re*splen"dent*ly, adv.
With royal arras and resplendent gold. Spenser.

RESPLENDISHANT
Re*splen"dish*ant (-dsh*ant), a.

Defn: Resplendent; brilliant. [R. & Obs.] Fabyan.

RESPLENDISHING
Re*splen"dish*ing, a.

Defn: Resplendent. [Obs.]

RESPLIT
Re*split" (r*splt"), v. t. & i.

Defn: To split again.

RESPOND
Re*spond" (r*spnd"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Responded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Responding.] Etym: [OF. respondre, F. répondre, fr. L. respondere,
responsum; pref. re- re- + spondere to promise. See Sponsor.]

1. To say somethin in return; to answer; to reply; as, to respond to
a question or an argument.

2. To show some effect in return to a force; to act in response; to
accord; to correspond; to suit.
A new affliction strings a new cord in the heart, which responds to
some new note of complaint within the wide scale of human woe.
Buckminster.
To every theme responds thy various lay. Broome.

3. To render satisfaction; to be answerable; as, the defendant is
held to respond in damages. [U.S.]

Syn.
 -- To answer; reply; rejoin. See Reply.

RESPOND
Re*spond", v. t.

1. To answer; to reply.

2. To suit or accord with; to correspond to. [R.]
For his great deeds respond his speeches great. Fairfax.

RESPOND
Re*spond", n.

1. An answer; a response. [R.]

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A short anthem sung at intervals during the reading of a
chapter.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A half pier or pillar attached to a wall to support an arch.
Oxf. Gloss.

RESPONDENCE; RESPONDENCY
Re*spond"ence, Re*spond"en*cy, n.

Defn: The act of responding; the state of being respondent; an
answering. A. Chalmers.
The angelical soft trembling voice made To the instruments divine
respondence meet. Spenser.

RESPONDENT
Re*spond"ent (-ent), a. Etym: [L. respondens, p. pr. of respondere.]

Defn: Disposed or expected to respond; answering; according;
corresponding.
Wealth respondent to payment and contributions. Bacon.

RESPONDENT
Re*spond"ent, n. Etym: [Cf. F. répondant.]

Defn: One who responds. It corresponds in general to defendant.
Specifically:
(a) (Law) One who answers in certain suits or proceedings, generally
those which are not according to the course of the common law, as in
equity and admiralty causes, in petitions for partition, and the
like; -- distinquished from appellant.
(b) One who maintains a thesis in reply, and whose province it is to
refute objections, or overthrow arguments; -- distinguished from
opponent. I. Watts.

RESPONDENTIA
Re`spon*den"ti*a (r`spn*dn"sh*), n. Etym: [NL. See Respondence.]
(Commercial Law)

Defn: A loan upon goods laden on board a ship. It differs from
bottomry, which is a loan on the ship itself. Bouvier.

RESPONSAL
Re*spon"sal (r*spn"sal), a.

Defn: Answerable. [Obs.]

RESPONSAL
Re*spon"sal, n. Etym: [Cf.LL. resposalis.]

1. One who is answerable or responsible. [Obs.] Barrow.

2. Response. [Obs.] Brevint.

RESPONSE
Re*sponse" (r*spns"), n. Etym: [OF. response, respons, F. réponse,
from L. responsum, from respondere. See Respond.]

1. The act of responding.

2. An answer or reply. Specifically:
(a) Reply to an objection in formal disputation. I. Watts.
(b) (Eccl.) The answer of the people or congregation to the priest or
clergyman, in the litany and other parts of divine service.
(c) (R.C.Ch.) A kind of anthem sung after the lessons of matins and
some other parts of the office.
(d) (Mus.) A repetition of the given subject in a fugue by another
part on the fifth above or fourth below. Busby.

RESPONSELESS
Re*sponse"less, a.

Defn: Giving no response.

RESPONSIBILITY
Re*spon`si*bil"i*ty (r*spn`s*bl"*t), n.; pl. -ties (-t. Etym: [Cf. F.
responsabilité.]

1. The state of being responsible, accountable, or answerable, as for
a trust, debt, or obligation.

2. That for which anyone is responsible or accountable; as, the
resonsibilities of power.

3. Ability to answer in payment; means of paying.

RESPONSIBLE
Re*spon"si*ble (r*spn"s*b'l), a. Etym: [Cf. F. responsable. See
Respond.]

1. Liable to respond; likely to be called upon to answer;
accountable; answerable; amenable; as, a guardian is responsible to
the court for his conduct in the office.

2. Able to respond or answer for one's conduct and obligations;
trustworthy, financially or otherwise; as, to have a responsible man
for surety.

3. Involving responsibility; involving a degree of accountability on
the part of the person concerned; as, a responsible office.

Syn.
 -- Accountable; answerable; amenable.
 -- Re*spon"si*ble*ness, n.
 -- Re*spon"si*bly, adv.

RESPONSION
Re*spon"sion (-shn), n. Etym: [L. responsio. See Respond.]

1. The act of answering. [Obs.]

2. (University of Oxford)

Defn: The first university examination; -- called also little go. See
under Little, a.

RESPONSIVE
Re*spon"sive (-sv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. resposif.]

1. That responds; ready or inclined to respond.

2. Suited to something else; correspondent.
The vocal lay responsive to the strings. Pope.

3. Responsible. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
 -- Re*spon"sive*ly, adv.
 -- Re*spon"sive*ness, n.

RESPONSORIAL
Re`spon*so"ri*al (r`spn*s"r-al), a.

Defn: Responsory; antiphonal. J. H. Newman.

RESPONSORY
Re*spon"so*ry (r*spn"s*r), a.

Defn: Containing or making answer; answering. Johnson.

RESPONSORY
Re*spon"so*ry, n.; pl. -ries (-r. Etym: [LL. responsorium.]

1. (Eccl.)
(a) The answer of the people to the priest in alternate speaking, in
church service.
(b) A versicle sung in answer to the priest, or as a refrain.
Which, if should repeat again, would turn my answers into
responsories, and beget another liturgy. Milton.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: An antiphonary; a response book.

RESSALDAR
Res"sal*dar (res"sal*där), n. [Hind. risaldar, fr. risala troop of
horse + Per. dar holding.] (Mil.)

Defn: In the Anglo-Indian army, a native commander of a ressala.

REST
Rest (rst), v. t. Etym: [For arrest.]

Defn: To arrest. [Obs.]

REST
Rest, n. Etym: [AS. rest, r, rest; akin to D. rust, G. rast. OHG.
rasta, Dan. & Sw. rast rest, repose, Icel. r the distance between two
resting places, a mole, Goth. rasta a mile, also to Goth. razn house,
Icel. rann, and perhaps to G. ruhe rest, repose, AS. r, Gr. Ransack.]

1. A state of quiet or repose; a cessation from motion or labor;
tranquillity; as, rest from mental exertion; rest of body or mind.
Chaucer.
Sleep give thee all his rest! Shak.

2. Hence, freedom from everything which wearies or disturbs; peace;
security.
And the land had rest fourscore years. Judges iii. 30.

3. Sleep; slumber; hence, poetically, death.
How sleep the brave who sink to rest, By all their country's wishes
blest. Collins.

4. That on which anything rests or leans for support; as, a rest in a
lathe, for supporting the cutting tool or steadying the work.
He made narrowed rests round about, that the beams should not be
fastened in the walls of the house. 1 Kings vi. 6.

5. (Anc. Armor)

Defn: A projection from the right side of the cuirass, serving to
support the lance.
Their visors closed, their lances in the rest. Dryden.

6. A place where one may rest, either temporarily, as in an inn, or
permanently, as, in an abode. "Halfway houses and travelers' rests."
J. H. Newman.
In dust our final rest, and native home. Milton.
Ye are not as yet come to the rest and to the inheritance which the
Lord your God giveth you. Deut. xii. 9.

7. (Pros.)

Defn: A short pause in reading verse; a cæsura.

8. The striking of a balance at regular intervals in a running
account. "An account is said to be taken with annual or semiannual
rests." Abbott.

9. A set or game at tennis. [Obs.]

10. (Mus.)

Defn: Silence in music or in one of its parts; the name of the
character that stands for such silence. They are named as notes are,
whole, half, quarter,etc. Rest house, an empty house for the
accomodation of travelers; a caravansary. [India] -- To set, or To
set up, one's rest, to have a settled determination; -- from an old
game of cards, when one so expressed his intention to stand or rest
upon his hand. [Obs.] Shak. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Cessation; pause; intermission; stop; stay; repose; slumber;
quiet; ease; quietness; stillness; tranquillity; peacefulness; pease.
 -- Rest, Repose. Rest is a ceasing from labor or exertion; repose is
a mode of resting which gives relief and refreshment after toil and
labor. The words are commonly interchangeable.

REST
Rest (rst), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rested; p. pr. & vb. n. Resting.]
Etym: [AS. restan. See Rest, n.]

1. To cease from action or motion, especially from action which has
caused weariness; to desist from labor or exertion.
God . . . rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had
made. Gen. ii. 2.
Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh day thou shalt
rest. Ex. xxiii. 12.

2. To be free from whanever wearies or disturbs; to be quiet or
still.
There rest, if any rest can harbor there. Milton.

3. To lie; to repose; to recline; to lan; as, to rest on a couch.

4. To stand firm; to be fixed; to be supported; as, a column rests on
its pedestal.

5. To sleep; to slumber; hence, poetically, to be dead.
Fancy . . . then retries Into her private cell when Nature rests.
Milton.

6. To lean in confidence; to trust; to rely; to repose without
anxiety; as, to rest on a man's promise.
On him I rested, after long debate, And not without considering,
fixed Dryden.

7. To be satisfied; to acquiesce.
To rest in Heaven's determination. Addison.
To rest with, to be in the power of; to depend upon; as, it rests
with him to decide.

REST
Rest, v. t.

1. To lay or place at rest; to quiet.
Your piety has paid All needful rites, to rest my wandering shade.
Dryden.

2. To place, as on a support; to cause to lean.
Her weary head upon your bosom rest. Waller.

REST
Rest, n. Etym: [F. reste, fr. rester to remain, L. restare to stay
back, remain; pref. re- re- + stare to stand, stay. See Stand, and
cf. Arrest, Restive.] (With the definite article.)

1. That which is left, or which remains after the separation of a
part, either in fact or in contemplation; remainder; residue.
Religion gives part of its reward in hand, the present comfort of
having done our duty, and, for the rest, it offers us the best
security that Heaven can give. Tillotson.

2. Those not included in a proposition or description; the remainder;
others. "Plato and the rest of the philosophers." Bp. Stillingfleet.
Armed like the rest, the Trojan prince appears. DRyden.

3. (Com.)

Defn: A surplus held as a reserved fund by a bank to equalize its
dividends, etc.; in the Bank of England, the balance of assets above
liabilities. [Eng.]

Syn.
 -- Remainder; overplus; surplus; remnant; residue; reserve; others.

REST
Rest, v. i. Etym: [F. rester. See Rest remainder.]

Defn: To be left; to remain; to continue to be.
The affairs of men rest still uncertain. Shak.

RESTAGNANT
Re*stag"nant (r*stg"nant), a. Etym: [L. restagnans, p. pr. ]

Defn: Stagnant; motionless. [Obs.] Boyle.

RESTAGNATE
Re*stag"nate (-nt), v. i. Etym: [L. restagnare to overflow.]

Defn: To stagnate; to cease to flow. [Obs.] Wiseman.

RESTAGNATION
Re`stag*na"tion (-n"shn), n. Etym: [L. restagnatio aninundation.]

Defn: Stagnation. [Obs.]

RESTANT
Res"tant (rs"tant), a. Etym: [L. restans, p. pr. of restare: cf. F.
restant. See Rest remainder.] (Bot.)

Defn: Persistent.

RESTATE
Re*state" (r*stt"), v. t.

Defn: To state anew. Palfrey.

RESTAURANT
Res"tau*rant (rs"t*rnt;277), n. Etym: [F., fr. restaurer. See
Restore.]

Defn: An eating house.

RESTAURATE
Res"tau*rate (rs"t*rt), v. t. Etym: [L. restauratus, p. p. of
restaurare. See Restore.]

Defn: To restore. [Obs.]

RESTAURATEUR
Re`stau`ra`teur" (r`st`r`tr"), n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The keeper of an eathing house or a restaurant.

RESTAURATION
Res`tau*ra"tion (rs`t*r"shn), n. Etym: [LL. restauratio: cf. F.
restauration.]

Defn: Restoration. [Obs.] Cower.

REST CURE
Rest cure. (Med.)

Defn: Treatment of severe nervous disorder, as neurasthenia, by rest
and isolation with systematic feeding and the use of massage and
electricity.

RESTEM
Re*stem" (r*stm"), v. t.

1. To force back against the current; as, to restem their backward
course. Shak.

2. To stem, or as, to restem a current.

RESTFUL
Rest"ful (rst"fl), a.

1. Being at rest; quiet. Shak.

2. Giving rest; freeing from toil, trouble, etc.
Tired with all these, for restful death I cry. Shak.
-- Rest"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Rest"ful*ness, n.

REST-HARROW
Rest"-har`row (-hr`r), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A European leguminous plant (Ononis arvensis) with long, tough
roots.

RESTIFF
Rest"iff, a.

Defn: Restive. [Obs.]

RESTIFF
Rest"iff, n.

Defn: A restive or stubborn horse. [Obs.]

RESTIFFNESS
Rest"iff*ness, n.

Defn: Restiveness. [Obs.]

RESTIFORM
Res"ti*form (rs"t*frm), a.Etym: [L. restis rope + -form.] (Anat.)

Defn: Formed like a rope; -- applied especially to several ropelike
bundles or masses of fibers on the dorsal side of the medulla
oblongata.

RESTILY
Rest"i*ly (rst"*l), adv.

Defn: In a resty manner. [Obs.]

RESTINCTION
Re*stinc"tion (r*stnk"shn), n.Etym: [L. restinctio. See Restinguish.]

Defn: Act of quenching or extingishing. [Obs.]

RESTINESS
Rest"i*ness (rst`*ns), n.

Defn: The quality or state of being resty; sluggishness. [Obs.]
The snake by restiness and lying still all winter. Holland.

RESTING
Rest"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Rest, v. t. & i. Resting spore (Bot.), a spore in
certain orders of algæ, which remains quiescent, retaining its
vitality, for long periods of time. C. E. Bessey.

RESTINGUISH
Re*stin"guish (r*stn"gwsh), v. t. Etym: [L. restinquere, restinctum;
pref. re- re- + stinquere to quench.]

Defn: To quench or extinguish. [Obs.] R. Field.

RESTITUTE
Res"ti*tute (rs"t*tt), v. t. Etym: [L. restitutus, p. p. of
restituere; pref. re- re- + statuere to put, place. See Statute.]

Defn: To restore to a former state. [R.] Dyer.

RESTITUTE
Res"ti*tute, n.

Defn: That which is restored or offered in place of something; a
substitute. [R.]

RESTITUTION
Res`ti*tu"tion (rs`t*t"shn), n. Etym: [F. restitution, L. restitutio.
See Restitute, v.]

1. The act of restoring anything to its rightful owner, or of making
good, or of giving an equivalent for any loss, damage, or injury;
indemnification.
A restitution of ancient rights unto the crown. Spenser.
He restitution to the value makes. Sandys.

2. That which is offered or given in return for what has been lost,
injured, or destroved; compensation.

3. (Physics)

Defn: The act of returning to, or recovering, a former state; as, the
restitution of an elastic body.

4. (Med.)

Defn: The movement of rotetion which usually occurs in childbirth
after the head has been delivered, and which causes the latter to
point towards the side to which it was directed at the beginning of
labor.

Syn.
 -- Restoration; return; indemnification; reparation; compensation;
amends; remuneration.

RESTITUTOR
Res"ti*tu`tor (rs"t*t`tr), n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. restituteur.]

Defn: One who makes restitution. [R].

RESTIVE
Rest"ive (rst"v), a. Etym: [OF. restif, F. rétif, fr. L. restare to
stay back, withstand, resist. See Rest remainder, and cf. Restiff.] .

Defn: Unwilling to go on; obstinate in refusing to move forward;
stubborn; drawing back.
Restive or resty, drawing back, instead of going forward, as some
horses do. E. Philips (1658).
The people remarked with awe and wonder that the beasts which were to
drag him [Abraham Holmes] to the gallows became restive, and went
back. Macaulay.

2. Inactive; sluggish. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

3. Impatient under coercion, chastisement, or opposition; refractory.

4. Uneasy; restless; averse to standing still; fidgeting about; --
applied especially to horses. Trench.
 -- Rest"ive, adv.
 -- Rest"ive*ness, n.

RESTLESS
Rest"less, a. Etym: [AS. restleás.]

1. Never resting; unquiet; uneasy; continually moving; as, a restless
child. Chaucer. "Restless revolution day by day." Milton.

2. Not satisfied to be at rest or in peace; averse to repose or
quiet; eager for change; discontented; as, restless schemers;
restless ambition; restless subjects. "Restless at home , and ever
prone to range." Dryden.

3. Deprived of rest or sleep.
Restless he passed the remnants of the night. Dryden.

4. Passed in unquietness; as, the patient has had a restless night.

5. Not affording rest; as, a restless chair. Cowper. Restless thrush.
(Zoöl.) See Grinder, 3.

Syn.
 -- Unquiet; uneasy; disturbed; disquieted; sleepless; agitated;
unsettled; roving; wandering.
 -- Rest"less*ly, adv.- Rest"less*ness, n.

RESTORABLE
Re*stor"a*ble (r*str"*b'l), a.

Defn: Admitting of being restored; capable of being reclaimed; as,
restorable land. Swift.
 -- Re*stor"a*ble*ness, n.

RESTORAL
Re*stor"al (-al), n.

Defn: Restoration. [Obs.] Barrow.

RESTORATION
Res`to*ra"tion (rs`t*r"shn), n. Etym: [OE. restauracion, F.
restauration, fr. L. restauratio. See Restore.]

1. The act of restoring or bringing back to a former place, station,
or condition; the fact of being restored; renewal; reëstablishment;
as, the restoration of friendship between enemies; the restoration of
peace after war.
Behold the different climes agree, Rejoicing in thy restoration.
Dryden.

2. The state of being restored; recovery of health, strength, etc.;
as, restoration from sickness.

3. That which is restored or renewed. The restoration (Eng. Hist.),
the return of King Charles II. in 1660, and the reëstablishment of
monarchy.
 -- Universal restoration (Theol.), the final recovery of all men
from sin and alienation from God to a state of happiness; universal
salvation.

Syn.
 -- Recovery; replacement; renewal; renovation; redintegration;
reinstatement; reëstablishment; return; revival; restitution;
reparation.

RESTORATIONER
Res`to*ra"tion*er (-r), n.

Defn: A Restorationist.

RESTORATIONISM
Res`to*ra"tion*ism (-z'm), n.

Defn: The belief or doctrines of the Restorationists.

RESTORATIONIST
Res`to*ra"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in a temporary future punishment and a final
restoration of all to the favor and presence of God; a Universalist.

RESTORATIVE
Re*stor"a*tive (r*str"*tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. restoratif.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to restoration; having power to restore.
Destroys life's enemy, Hunger, with sweet restorative delight.
Milton.

RESTORATIVE
Re*stor"a*tive, n.

Defn: Something which serves to restore; especially, a restorative
medicine. Arbuthnot.

RESTORATIVELY
Re*stor"a*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a restorative manner.

RESTORATOR
Res"to*ra`tor (rs"t*r`tr), n.

Defn: A restaurateur.

RESTORATORY
Re*stor"a*to*ry (r*str"*t*r), a.

Defn: Restorative. [R.]

RE-STORE
Re-store" (r*str"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + store.]

Defn: To store again; as, the goods taken out were re-stored.

RESTORE
Re*store" (r*str"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Restored (r-strd"); p. pr. &
vb. n. Restoring.] Etym: [OE. restoren, OF. restorer, F. restaurer,
fr. L. restaurare; pref. re- re- + an unused word; cf. Gr. sth fixed,
firm. Cf. Restaurant, Store.]

Defn: To bring back to its former state; to bring back from a state
of ruin, decay, disease, or the like; to repair; to renew; to
recover. "To restore and to build Jerusalem." Dan. ix. 25.
Our fortune restored after the severest afflictions. Prior.
And his hand was restored whole as the other. Mark iii. 5.

2. To give or bring back, as that which has been lost., or taken
away; to bring back to the owner; to replace.
Now therefore restore the man his wife. Gen. xx. 7.
Loss of Eden, till one greater man Restore us, and regain the
blissful seat. Milton.
The father banished virtue shall restore. Dryden.

3. To renew; to reëstablish; as, to restore harmony among those who
are variance.

4. To give in place of, or as satisfaction for.
He shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep. Ex.
xxii. 1.

5. To make good; to make amends for.
But if the while I think on thee, dear friend, All losses are
restored, and sorrows end. Shak.

6. (Fine Arts)
(a) To bring back from a state of injury or decay, or from a changed
condition; as, to restore a painting, statue, etc.
(b) To form a picture or model of, as of something lost or mutilated;
as, to restore a ruined building, city, or the like.

Syn.
 -- To return; replace; refund; repay; reinstate; rebuild;
reëstablish; renew; repair; revive; recover; heal; cure.

RESTORE
Re*store", n.

Defn: Restoration. [Obs.] Spenser.

RESTOREMENT
Re*store"ment, n.

Defn: Restoration. [Obs.]

RESTORER
Re*stor"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, restores.

RESTRAIN
Re*strain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Restrained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Restraining.] Etym: [OE. restreinen, F. restreindre, fr. L.
restringere, restrictum; pref. re- re- + stringere to draw, bind, or
press together. See Strain, v. t., and cf. Restrict.]

1. To draw back again; to hold back from acting, proceeding, or
advancing, either by physical or moral force, or by any interposing
obstacle; to repress or suppress; to keep down; to curb.
Restrain in me the cursed thoughts that nature Gives way to in
repose! Shak.

2. To draw back toghtly, as a rein. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To hinder from unlimited enjoiment; to abridge.
Though they two were committed, at least restrained of their liberty.
Clarendon.

4. To limit; to confine; to restrict. Trench.
Not only a metaphysical or natural, but a moral, universality also is
to be restrained by a part of the predicate. I. Watts.

5. To withhold; to forbear.
Thou restrained prayer before God. Job. xv. 4.

Syn.
 -- To check; hinder; stop; withhold; repress; curb; suppress;
coerce; restrict; limit; confine.

RESTRAINABLE
Re*strain"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being restrained; controllable. Sir T. Browne.

RESTRAINEDLY
Re*strain"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: With restraint. Hammond.

RESTRAINER
Re*strain"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, restrains.

RESTRAINMENT
Re*strain"ment, n.

Defn: The act of restraining.

RESTRAINT
Re*straint", n. Etym: [OF. restraincte, fr. restrainct, F. restreint,
p. p. of restraindre, restrendre. See Restrain.]

1. The act or process of restraining, or of holding back or hindering
from motion or action, in any manner; hindrance of the will, or of
any action, physical or mental.
No man was altogether above the restrains of law, and no man
altogether below its protection. Macaulay.

2. The state of being restrained.

3. That which restrains, as a law, a prohibition, or the like;
limitation; restriction.
For one restraint, lords of the world besides. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Repression; hindrance; check; stop; curb;

RESTRENGTHEN
Re*strength"en, v. t.

Defn: To strengthen again; to fortify anew.

RESTRICT
Re*strict", a. Etym: [L. restrictus, p. p. of restringere. See
Restrain.]

Defn: Restricted. [Obs.]

RESTRICT
Re*strict", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Restricted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Restricting.]

Defn: To restrain within bounds; to limit; to confine; as, to
restrict worlds to a particular meaning; to restrict a patient to a
certain diet.

Syn.
 -- To limit; bound; circumscribe; restrain; repress; curb; coerce.

RESTRICTION
Re*stric"tion, n. Etym: [F. restriction, L. restrictio.]

1. The act of restricting, or state of being restricted; confinement
within limits or bounds.
This is to have the same restriction with all other recreations,that
it be made a divertisement. Giv. of Tonque.

2. That which restricts; limitation; restraint; as, restrictions on
trade.

RESTRICTIONARY
Re*stric"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Restrictive. [R.]

RESTRICTIVE
Re*strict"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. restrictif.]

1. Serving or tending to restrict; limiting; as, a restrictive
particle; restrictive laws of trade.

2. Astringent or styptic in effect. [Obs.] Wiseman. --
Re*strict"ive*ly, adv.
 -- Re*strict"ive*ness, n.

RESTRINGE
Re*stringe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Restringed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Restringing.] Etym: [L. restringere. See Restrain.]

Defn: To confine; to contract; to stringe. [Obs.]

RESTRINGENCY
Re*strin"gen*cy, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being restringent; astringency. [Obs.] Sir
W. Petty.

RESTRINGENT
Re*strin"gent, a. Etym: [L. restringens, p. pr.: cf. F. restringent.]

Defn: Restringing; astringent; styptic. [Obs.] -- n.

Defn: A restringent medicine. [Obs.] Harvey.

RESTRIVE
Re*strive", v. i.

Defn: To strive anew.

RESTY
Rest"y, a.

Defn: Disposed to rest; indisposed toexercton; sluggish; also,
restive. [Obs.] Burton.
Where the master is too resty or too rich to say his own prayers.
Milton.

RESUBJECTION
Re`sub*jec"tion, n.

Defn: A second subjection.

RESUBLIME
Re`sub*lime", v. t.

Defn: To sublime again. Newton.
 -- Re*sub`li*ma"tion, n.

RESUDATION
Re`su*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. resudare to sweat again. See Sudation.]

Defn: Act of sweating again.

RESULT
Re*sult", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Resulted; p. pr. & vb. n. Resulting.]
Etym: [F. résulter, fr. L. resultare, resultarum, to spring or leap
back, v. intens. fr. resilire. See Resile.]

1. To leap back; to rebound. [Obs.]
The huge round stone, resulting with a bound. Pope.

2. To come out, or have an issue; to terminate; to have consequences;
-- followed by in; as, this measure will result in good or in evil.

3. To proceed, spring, or rise, as a consequence, from facts,
arguments, premises, combination of circumstances, consultation,
thought, or endeavor.
Pleasure and peace do naturally result from a holy and good life.
Tillotson.
Resulting trust (Law), a trust raised by implication for the benefit
of a party granting an estate. The phrase is also applied to a trust
raised by implication for the benefit of a party who advances the
purchase money of an estate, etc. Bouvier.
 -- Resulting use (Law), a use which, being limited by the deed,
expires or can not vest, and thence returns to him who raised it.
Bouvier.

Syn.
 -- To proceed; spring; rise; arise; ensue; terminate.

RESULT
Re*sult", n.

1. A flying back; resilience. [Obs.]
Sound is produced between the string and the air by the return or the
result of the string. Bacon.

2. That which results; the conclusion or end to which any course or
condition of things leads, or which is obtained by any process or
operation; consequence or effect; as, the result of a course of
action; the result of a mathematical operation.
If our proposals once again were heard, We should compel them to a
quick result. Milton.

3. The decision or determination of a council or deliberative
assembly; a resolve; a decree.
Then of their session ended they bid cry With trumpet's regal sound
the great result. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Effect; consequence; conclusion; inference; issue; event. See
Effect.

RESULTANCE
Re*sult"ance, n.

Defn: The act of resulting; that which results; a result. Donne.

RESULTANT
Re*sult"ant, a. Etym: [L. resultans, p. pr. : cf. F. résultant.]

Defn: Resulting or issuing from a combination; existing or following
as a result or consequence. Resultant force or motion (Mech.), a
force which is the result of two or more forces acting conjointly, or
a motion which is the result of two or more motions combined. See
Composition of forces, under Composition.

RESULTANT
Re*sult"ant, n.

Defn: That which results. Specifically:
(a) (Mech.) A reultant force or motion.
(b) (Math.) An eliminant.
The resultant of homogeneous general functions of n variables is that
function of their coefficients which, equaled to zero, expresses in
the simplest terms the condition of the possibility of their
existence. Sylvester.

RESULTATE
Re*sult"ate, n. Etym: [L. resultatus, p. p. ]

Defn: A result. [Obs.] "The resultate of their counsil." BAcon.

RESULTFUL
Re*sult"ful, a.

Defn: HAving results or effects.

RESULTIVE
Re*sult"ive, a.

Defn: Resultant. [Obs.] Fuller.

RESULTLESS
Re*sult"less, a.

Defn: Being without result; as, resultless investigations.

RESUMABLE
Re*sum"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of, or admitting of, being resumed. Sir M. HAle.

RESUME
Re`su"mé", n. Etym: [F. See Resume.]

Defn: A summing up; a condensed statement; an abridgment or brief
recapitulation.
The exellent little résumé thereof in Dr. Landsborough's book. C.
Kingsley.

RESUME
Re*sume", v. t. [imp & p. p. Resumed;p. pr. & vb. n. Resuming.] Etym:
[L. resumere, resumptum; pref. re- re- + sumere to take: cf. F.
résumer. See Assume, Redeem.]

1. To take back.
The sun, like this, from which our sight we have, Gazed on too long,
resumes the light he gave. Denham.
Perhaps God will resume the blessing he has bestowed ere he attains
the age of manhood. Sir W. Scott.

2. To enter upon, or take up again.
Reason resumed her place, and Passion fled. Dryden.

3. To begin again; to recommence, as something which has been
interrupted; as, to resume an argument or discourse.

RESUMMON
Re*sum"mon, v. t.

Defn: To summon again.

RESUMMONS
Re*sum"mons, n.

Defn: A second summons.

RESUMPTION
Re*sump"tion, n. Etym: [cf. F. résumption, L. resumptio restoration,
recovery, fr. resumere. See Resume.]

1. The act of resuming; as, the resumption of a grant, of delegated
powers, of an argument, of specie payments, etc.

2. (Eng.Law)

Defn: The taking again into the king's hands of such lands or
tenements as he had granted to any man on false suggestions or other
error.

RESUMPTIVE
Re*sump"tive, a. Etym: [cf. L. resumptivus restorative.]

Defn: Taking back; resuming, or tending toward resumption; as,
resumptive measures.

RESUPINATE
Re*su"pi*nate, a. Etym: [L. resupinatus, p. p. of resupinare to bend
back. See Resupine.]

Defn: Inverted in position; appearing to be upside down or reversed,
as the flowers of the orchis and the leaves of some plants.

RESUPINATED
Re*su"pi*na`ted, a.

Defn: Resupinate.

RESUPINATION
Re*su`pi*na"tion, n.

Defn: The state of luing on the back; the state of being resupinate,
or reversed.
Our Vitruvius calleth this affection in the eye a resupination of the
figure. Sir H. Wotton.

RESUPINE
Re`su*pine", a. Etym: [L. resupinus; pref.re- re- + supinus bent
backward, supine.]

Defn: Lying on the back; supine; hence, careless. Sir K. Digby.
He spake, and, downward swayed, fell resupine, With his huge neck
aslant. Cowper.

RESUPPLY
Re`sup*ply", v. t.

Defn: To supply again.

RESURGENCE
Re*sur"gence, n.

Defn: The act of rising again; resurrection.

RESURGENT
Re*sur"gent, a. Etym: [L. resurgens, -entis, p. pr. of resurgere. See
Resurrection.]

Defn: Rising again, as from the dead. Coleridge.

RESURGENT
Re*sur"gent, n.

Defn: One who rises again, as from the dead. [R.] Sydney Smith.

RESURRECT
Res`ur*rect", v. t. Etym: [See Resurrection.]

1. To take from the grave; to disinter. [Slang]

2. To reanimate; to restore to life; to bring to view (that which was
forgotten or lost). [Slang]

RESURRECTION
Res`ur*rec"tion, n. Etym: [F. résurrection, L. resurrectio, fr.
resurgere, resurrectum, to rise again; pref. re- re- + surgere to
rise. See Source.]

1. A rising again; the resumption of vigor.

2. Especially, the rising again from the dead; the resumption of life
by the dead; as, the resurrection of Jesus Christ; the general
resurrection of all the dead at the Day of Judgment.
Nor after resurrection shall he stay Longer on earth. Milton.

3. State of being risen from the dead; future state.
In the resurrection they neither marry nor are given in marriage.
Matt. xxii. 30.

4. The cause or exemplar of a rising from the dead.
I am the resurrection, and the life. John xi. 25.
Cross of the resurrection, a slender cross with a pennant floating
from the junction of the bars.
 -- Resurrection plant (Bot.), a name given to several species of
Selaginella (as S. convoluta and S. lepidophylla), flowerless plants
which, when dry, close up so as to resemble a bird's nest, but revive
and expand again when moistened. The name is sometimes also given to
the rose of Jericho. See under Rose.

RESURRECTIONIST
Res`ur*rec"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who steals bodies from the grave, as for dissection.
[Slang]

RESURRECTIONIZE
Res`ur*rec"tion*ize, v. t.

Defn: To raise from the dead. [R.] Southey.

RESURVEY
Re`sur*vey", v. t.

Defn: To survey again or anew; to review. Shak.

RESURVEY
Re*sur"vey, n.

Defn: A second or new survey.

RESUSCITABLE
Re*sus"ci*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of resuscitation; as, resuscitable plants. Boyle.

RESUSCITANT
Re*sus"ci*tant, n.

Defn: One who, or that which resuscitates. Also used adjectively.

RESUSCITATE
Re*sus"ci*tate, a. Etym: [L. resuscitatus, p. p. of resuscitare;
pref. re- re- + suscitare to raise, rouse. See Suscitate.]

Defn: Restored to life. [R.] Bp. Gardiner.

RESUSCITATE
Re*sus"ci*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Resuscitated;p. pr. & vb. n.
Resuscitating.]

Defn: To revivify; to revive; especially, to recover or restore from
apparent death; as, to resuscitate a drowned person; to resuscitate
withered plants.

RESUSCITATE
Re*sus"ci*tate, v. i.

Defn: To come to life again; to revive.
These projects, however often slain, always resuscitate. J. S. Mill.

RESUSCITATION
Re*sus`ci*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. resuscitatio.]

Defn: The act of resuscitating, or state of being resuscitated.
The subject of resuscitation by his sorceries. Sir W. Scott.

RESUSCITATIVE
Re*sus"ci*ta*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to resuscitate; reviving; revivifying.

RESUSCITATOR
Re*sus"ci*ta`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who, or that which, resuscitates.

RET
Ret, v. t.

Defn: See Aret. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RET
Ret, v. t. Etym: [Akin to rot.]

Defn: To prepare for use, as flax, by separating the fibers from the
woody part by process of soaking, macerating, and other treatment.
Ure.

RETABLE
Re*ta"ble, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: A shelf behind the altar, for display of lights, vases of
wlowers, etc.

RETAIL
Re"tail, n. Etym: [F. retaille piece cut off, shred, paring, or OF.
retail, from retailler. See Retail, v.]

Defn: The sale of commodities in small quantities or parcels; --
opposed to wholesale; sometimes, the sale of commodities at second
hand.

RETAIL
Re"tail, a.

Defn: Done at retail; engaged in retailing commodities; as a retail
trade; a retail grocer.

RETAIL
Re*tail", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retailed;p. pr. & vb. n. Retailing.]
Etym: [Cf. F. retailler to cut again; pref. re- re + tailler to cut.
See Retail, n., Tailor, and cf. Detail.]

1. To sell in small quantities, as by the single yard, pound, gallon,
etc.; to sell directly to the consumer; as, to retail cloth or
groceries.

2. To sell at second hand. [Obs. or R.] Pope.

3. To distribute in small portions or at second hand; to tell again
or to many (what has been told or done); to report; as, to retail
slander. "To whom I will retail my conquest won." Shak.
He is wit's peddler, and retails his wares At wakes and wassails.
Shak.

RETAILER
Re*tail"er, n.

Defn: One who retails anything; as, a retailer of merchandise; a
retailer of gossip.

RETAILMENT
Re*tail"ment, n.

Defn: The act of retailing.

RETAIN
Re*tain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retained; p. pr. & vb. n. Retaining.]
Etym: [F. retainir, L. retinere; pref. re- re- + tenere to hold,
keep. See Tenable, and cf. Rein of a bridle, Retention, Retinue.]

1. To continue to hold; to keep in possession; not to lose, part
with, or dismiss; to retrain from departure, escape, or the like.
"Thy shape invisibleretain." Shak.
Be obedient, and retain Unalterably firm his love entire. Milton.
An executor may retain a debt due to him from the testator.
Blackstone.

2. To keep in pay; to employ by a preliminary fee paid; to hire; to
engage; as, to retain a counselor.
A Benedictine convent has now retained the most learned father of
their order to write in its defense. Addison.

3. To restrain; to prevent. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple. Retaining wall
(Arch. & Engin.), a wall built to keep any movable backing, or a bank
of sand or earth, in its place; -- called also retain wall.

Syn.
 -- To keep; hold; retrain. See Keep.

RETAIN
Re*tain", v. i.

1. To belong; to pertain. [Obs.]
A somewhat languid relish, retaining to bitterness. Boyle.

2. To keep; to continue; to remain. [Obs.] Donne.

RETAINABLE
Re*tain"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being retained.

RETAINAL
Re*tain"al, n.

Defn: The act of retaining; retention.

RETAINER
Re*tain"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, retains.

2. One who is retained or kept in service; an attendant; an adherent;
a hanger-on.

3. Hence, a servant, not a domestic, but occasionally attending and
wearing his master's livery. Cowell.

4. (Law) (a) The act of a client by which he engages a lawyer or
counselor to manage his cause. (b) The act of withholding what one
has in his hands by virtue of some right. (c) A fee paid to engage a
lawyer or counselor to maintain a cause, or to prevent his being
employed by the opposing party in the case; -- called also retaining
fee. Bouvier. Blackstone.

5. The act of keeping dependents, or the state of being in
dependence. Bacon.

RETAINMENT
Re*tain"ment, n.

Defn: The act of retaining; retention. Dr. H. More.

RETAKE
Re*take", v. t.

1. To take or receive again.

2. To take from a captor; to recapture; as, to retake a ship or
prisoners.

RETAKER
Re*tak"er, n.

Defn: One who takes again what has been taken; a recaptor. Kent.

RETALIATE
Re*tal"i*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retaliated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Retaliating.] Etym: [L. retaliatus, p. p. of retaliare to retaliate;
pref. re- re- + a word akin to talio talion, retaliation. Cf.
Talion.]

Defn: To return the like for; to repay or requite by an act of the
same kind; to return evil for (evil). [Now seldom used except in a
bad sense.]
One ambassador sent word to the duke's son that his visit should be
retaliated. Sir T. Herbert.
It is unlucky to be obliged to retaliate the injuries of authors,
whose works are so soon forgotten that we are in danger of appearing
the first aggressors. Swift.

RETALIATE
Re*tal"i*ate, v. i.

Defn: To return like for like; specifically, to return evil for evil;
as, to retaliate upon an enemy.

RETALIATION
Re*tal`i*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of retaliating, or of returning like for like;
retribution; now, specifically, the return of evil for evil; e.g., an
eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.
God . . . takes what is done to others as done to himself, and by
promise obloges himself to full retaliation. Calamy.

Syn.
 -- Requital; reprisal; retribution; punishment.

RETALIATIVE
Re*tal"i*a*tive, a.

Defn: Same as Retaliatory.

RETALIATORY
Re*tal"i*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to, or involving, retaliation; retaliative; as
retaliatory measures.

RETARD
Re*tard", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Retarding.]
Etym: [L. retardare, retardatum; pref. re- re- + tardare to make
slow, to delay, fr. tardus slow: cf. F. retarder. See Tardy.]

1. To keep delaying; to continue to hinder; to prevent from progress;
to render more slow in progress; to impede; to hinder; as, to retard
the march of an army; to retard the motion of a ship; -- opposed to
Ant: accelerate.

2. To put off; to postpone; as, to retard the attacks of old age; to
retard a rupture between nations.

Syn.
 -- To impede; hinder; obstruct; detain; delay; procrastinate;
postpone; defer.

RETARD
Re*tard", v. i.

Defn: To stay back. [Obs.] Sir. T. Browne.

RETARD
Re*tard", n.

Defn: Retardation; delay. Retard, or Age, of the tide, the interval
between the transit of the moon at which a tide originates and the
appearance of the tide itself. It is found, in general, that any
particular tide is not principally due to the moon's transit
immediatelly proceeding, but to a transit which has occured some time
before, and which is said to correspond to it. The retard of the tide
is thus distinguished from the lunitidal interval. See under
Retardation. rHam. Nav. Encyc.

RETARDATION
Re`tar*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. retardatio: cf. F. retardation.]

1. The act of retarding; hindrance; the act of delaying; as, the
retardation of the motion of a ship; -- opposed to Ant: acceleration.
The retardations of our fluent motion. De Quinsey.

2. That which retards; an obstacle; an obstruction.
Hills, sloughs, and other terrestrial retardations. Sir W. Scott.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: The keeping back of an approaching consonant chord by
prolonging one or more tones of a previous chord into the
intermediate chord which follows; -- differing from suspension by
resolving upwards instead of downwards.

4. The extent to which anything is retarded; the amount of retarding
or delay. Retardation of the tide. (a) The lunitidal interval, or the
hour angle of the moon at the time of high tide any port; the
interval between the transit of the moon and the time of high tide
next following. (b) The age of the tide; the retard of the tide. See
under Retard, n.

RETARDATIVE
Re*tard"a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. retardatif.]

Defn: Tending, or serving, to retard.

RETARDER
Re*tard"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, retards.

RETARDMENT
Re*tard"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. retardement.]

Defn: The act of retarding; retardation. Cowley.

RETCH
Retch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Retched; p. pr. & vb. n. Retching.] Etym:
[AS. hr to clear the throat, hawk, fr. hraca throat; akin to G.
rachen, and perhaps to E. rack neck.]

Defn: To make an effort to vomit; to strain, as in vomiting. [Written
also reach.]
Beloved Julia, hear me still beseeching! (Here he grew inarticulate
with retching.) Byron.

RETCH
Retch, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Reck.]

Defn: To care for; to heed; to reck. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RETCHLESS
Retch"less, a.

Defn: Careless; reckless. [Obs.] Dryden. --- Retch"less*ly, adv.
 -- Retch"less*ness, n. [Obs.]

RETE
Re"te, n. Etym: [L., a net.] (Anat.)

Defn: A net or network; a plexus; particularly, a network of blood
vessels or nerves, or a part resembling a network.

RETECIOUS
Re*te"cious, a. Etym: [L. rete a net.]

Defn: Resembling network; retiform.

RETECTION
Re*tec"tion, n. Etym: [L. retegere, retectum, to uncover; pref. re- +
tegere to cover.]

Defn: Act of disclosing or uncovering something concealed. [Obs.]
Boyle.

RETELL
Re*tell, v. t.

Defn: To tell again.

RETENE
Ret"ene, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline hydrocarbon, polymeric with benzene. It is
extracted from pine tar, and is also found in certain fossil resins.

RETENT
Re*tent", n. Etym: [L. retentum, fr. retentus, p. p. See Retain.]

Defn: That which is retained. Hickok.

RETENTION
Re*ten"tion, n. Etym: [L. retentio: cf. F. rétention. See Retain.]

1. The act of retaining, or the state of being ratined.

2. The power of retaining; retentiveness.
No woman's heart So big, to hold so much; they lack retention. Shak.

3. That which contains something, as a tablet; a [R.] Shak.

4. The act of withholding; retraint; reserve. Shak.

5. Place of custody or confinement.

6. (Law)

Defn: The right of withholding a debt, or of retaining property until
a debt due to the person claiming the right be duly paid; a lien.
Erskine. Craig. Retention cyst (Med.), a cyst produced by obstruction
of a duct leading from a secreting organ and the consequent retention
of the natural secretions.

RETENTIVE
Re*ten"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rétentif.]

Defn: Having power to retain; as, a retentive memory.
Nor airless dungeon, nor strong links of iron, Can be retentive to
the strength of spirit. Shak.

RETENTIVE
Re*ten"tive, n.

Defn: That which retains or confines; a restraint. [R.] Bp. Hall.

RETENTIVELY
Re*ten"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a retentive manner.

RETENTIVENESS
Re*ten"tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being retentive.

RETENTIVITY
Re`ten*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: The power of retaining; retentive force; as, the retentivity of
a magnet.

RETENTOR
Re*ten"tor, n. Etym: [L., a retainer.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A muscle which serves to retain an organ or part in place, esp.
when retracted. See Illust. of Phylactolemata.

RETEPORE
Re`te*pore, n. Etym: [L. rete a net + porus pore.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of bryozoans of the genus Retepora.
They form delicate calcareous corals, usually composed of thin
fenestrated fronds.

RETEX
Re*tex", v. t. Etym: [L. retexere, lit., to unweave; pref. re- re +
texere to weave. ]

Defn: To annual, as orders. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket.

RETEXTURE
Re*tex"ture, n.

Defn: The act of weaving or forming again. Carlyle.

RETHOR
Reth"or, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rhéteur. See Rhetor.]

Defn: A rhetorician; a careful writer. [Obs.]
If a rethor couthe fair endite. Chaucer.

RETHORYKE
Reth"o*ryke, n.

Defn: Rhetoric. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RETIARIUS
Re`ti*a"ri*us, n. Etym: [L., fr. rete a net.] (Rom.Antiq.)

Defn: A gladiator armed with a net for entangling his adversary and a
trident for despatching him.

RETIARY
Re"ti*a*ry, n. Etym: [See Retiarius.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any spider which spins webs to catch its prey.

2. A retiarius.

RETIARY
Re`ti*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. retiarius.]

1. Netlike.
This work is in retiary, or hanging textures. Sir T. Browne.

2. Constructing or using a web, or net, to catch prey; -- said of
certain spiders.

3. Armed with a net; hence, skillful to entangle.
Scholastic retiary versatility of logic. Coleridge.

RETICENCE
Ret"i*cence, n. Etym: [L. reticentia: cf. F. réticence.]

1. The quality or state of being reticent, or keeping silence; the
state of holding one's tonque; refraining to speak of that which is
suggested; uncommunicativeness.
Such fine reserve and noble reticence. Tennyson.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which a person really speaks of a thing while he
makes a show as if he would say nothingon the subject.

RETICENCY
Ret"i*cen*cy, n.

Defn: Reticence.

RETICENT
Ret"i*cent, a. Etym: [L. reticens, p. pr. of reticere to keep
silence; re- + tacere to be silent. See Tacit.]

Defn: Inclined to keep silent; reserved; uncommunicative.

RETICLE
Ret"i*cle, n. Etym: [See Reticule.]

1. A small net.

2. A reticule. See Reticule,2. [R.]

RETICULAR
Re*tic"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. réticulaire. See Reticule.]

1. Having the form of a net, or of network; formed with interstices;
retiform; as, reticular cartilage; a reticular leaf.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a reticulum.

RETICULARIA
Re*tic`u*la"ri*a, n.pl. Etym: [NL. See Reticular.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division of rhizopods in which the pseudopodia are
more or less slender and coalesce at certain points, forming
irregular meshes. It includes the shelled Foraminifera, together with
some groups which lack a true shell.

RETICULARIAN
Re*tic`u*la"ri*an, n. (Zoöl).

Defn: One of the Reticularia.

RETICULARLY
Re*tic"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a reticular manner.

RETICULATE; RETICULATED
Re*tic"u*late, Re*tic"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. reticulatus. See
Reticule.]

1. Resembling network; having the form or appearance of a net;
netted; as, a reticulated structure.

2. Having veins, fibers, or lines crossing like the threads or fibers
of a network; as, a reticulate leaf; a reticulated surface; a
reticulated wing of an insect. Reticulated glass, ornamental ware
made from glass in which one set of white or colored lines seems to
meet and interlace with another set in a different plane.
 -- Reticulated micrometer, a micrometer for an optical instrument,
consisting of a reticule in the focus of an eyepiece.
 -- Reticulated work (Masonry), work constructed with diamond-shaped
stones, or square stones placed diagonally.

RETICULATION
Re*tic`u*la"tion, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being reticulated, or netlike; that
which is reticulated; network; an organization resembling a net.
The particular net you occupy in the great reticulation. Carlyle.

RETICULE
Ret"i*cule, n.. Etym: [F. réticule, L. reticulum, dim. of rete a net.
Cf.Retina, Reticle.]

1. A little bag, originally of network; a woman's workbag, or a
little bag to be carried in the hand. De Quincey.

2. A system of wires or lines in the focus of a telescope or other
instrument; a reticle.

RETICULOSA
Re*tic`u*lo"sa, n.pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Reticularia.

RETICULOSE
Re*tic"u*lose`, a.

Defn: Forming a network; characterized by a reticulated sructure.
Reticulose rhizopod (Zoöl.), a rhizopod in which the pseudopodia
blend together and form irregular meshes.

RETICULUM
Re*tic"u*lum, n.;pl. Reticula. Etym: [L. dim. of rete a net.] (Anat.)
(a) The second stomach of ruminants, in which folds of the mucous
membrane form hexagonal cells; -- also called the honeycomb stomach.
(b) The neuroglia.

RETIFORM
Ret"i*form, a. Etym: [L. rete a net + -form. cf. F. rétiforme.]

Defn: Composed of crossing lines and interstices; reticular; netlike;
as, the retiform coat of the eye.

RETINA
Ret"i*na, n. Etym: [NL., from L. rete a net. Cf. Reticule.] (Anat.)

Defn: The delicate membrane by which the back part of the globe of
the eye is lined, and in which the fibers of the optic nerve
terminate. See Eye.

Note: The fibers of the optic nerve and the retinal blood vessels
spread out upon the front surface of the retina, while the sensory
layer (called Jacob's membrane), containing the rods and cones, is on
the back side, next the choroid coat.

RETINACULUM
Ret`i*nac"u*lum, n.; pl. Retinacula. Etym: [L., a holdfast, a band.
See Retain.]

1. (Anat.)
(a) A connecting band; a frænum; as, the retinacula of the ileocæcal
and ileocolic valves.
(b) One of the annular ligaments which hold the tendons close to the
bones at the larger joints, as at the wrist and ankle.

2. (Zoöl)

Defn: One of the retractor muscles of the proboscis of certain worms.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A small gland or process to which bodies are attached; as, the
glandular retinacula to which the pollinia of orchids are attached,
or the hooks which support the seeds in many acanthaceous plants.

RETINAL
Ret"i*nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the retina. Retinal purple (Physiol.
Chem.), the visual purple.

RETINALITE
Re*tin"a*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A translucent variety of serpentine, of a honey yellow or
greenish yellow color, having a waxy resinlike luster.

RETINASPHALT; RETINASPHALTUM
Ret`in*as"phalt, Ret`in*as*phal"tum, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Retinite.

RETINERVED
Ret"i*nerved`, a. Etym: [L. rete a net + E. nerve.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having reticulated veins.

RETINEUM
Ret`i*ne"um, n.; pl. Retinea. Etym: [NL. See Retina.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: That part of the eye of an invertebrate which corresponds in
function with the retina of a vertebrate.

RETINIC
Re*tin"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Min. Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to resin; derived from resin; specifically,
designating an acid found in certain fossil resins and hydrocarbons.

RETINITE
Ret"i*nite, n. Etym: [Gr.rétinite.] (Min.)

Defn: An inflammable mineral resin, usually of a yellowish brown
color, found in roundish masses, sometimes with coal.

RETINITIS
Ret`i*ni"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. NL. & E. retina + -tis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the retina.

RETINOID
Ret"i*noid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resinlike, or resinform; resembling a resin without being such.

RETINOL
Ret"i*nol, n. Etym: [Gr. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon oil obtained by the distillation of resin, --
used in printer's ink.

RETINOPHORA
Ret`i*noph"o*ra, n.; pl. Retiniphoræ. Etym: [NL., fr. NL. & E. retina
+ Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of group of two to four united cells which occupy the axial
part of the ocelli, or ommatidia, of the eyes of invertebrates, and
contain the terminal nerve fibrillæ. See Illust. under Ommatidium.

RETINOPHORAL
Ret`i*noph"o*ral, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to retinophoræ.

RETINOSCOPY
Ret`i*nos"co*py, n. Etym: [Retina + -scopy.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The study of the retina of the eye by means of the
ophthalmoscope.

RETINUE
Ret"i*nue, n. Etym: [OE. retinue, OF. retinue, fr. retenir to retain,
engage, hire. See Retain.]

Defn: The body of retainers who follow a prince or other
distinguished person; a train of attendants; a suite.
Others of your insolent retinue. Shak.
What followers, what retinue canst thou gain Milton.
To have at one's retinue, to keep or employ as a retainer; to retain.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

RETINULA
Re*tin"u*la, n.; pl. Retinulæ. Etym: [NL., dim. of NL. & E. retina.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the group of pigmented cells which surround the
retinophoræ of invertebrates. See Illust. under Ommatidium.

RETINULATE
Re*tin"u*late, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having, or characterized by, retinul

RETIPED
Ret`i*ped, n. Etym: [L. rete a net + pes, pedis, a foot: cf. F.
rétinopède.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird having small polygonal scales covering the tarsi.

RETIRACY
Re*tir"a*cy, n.

Defn: Retirement; -- mostly used in a jocose or burlesque way. [U.S.]
Bartlett.
What one of our great men used to call dignified retiracy. C. A.
Bristed.

RETIRADE
Ret`i*rade", n. Etym: [F.; cf. Sp. retirada retreat. See Retire.]
(Fort.)

Defn: A kind of retrenchment, as in the body of a bastion, which may
be disputed inch by inch after the defenses are dismantled. It
usually consists of two faces which make a reëntering angle.

RETIRE
Re*tire", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retired; p. pr. & vb. n. Retiring.]
Etym: [F. retirer; pref. re- re- + tirer to draw. See Tirade.]

1. To withdraw; to take away; -- sometimes used reflexively.
He . . . retired himself, his wife, and children into a forest. Sir
P. Sidney.
As when the sun is present all the year, And never doth retire his
golden ray. Sir J. Davies.

2. To withdraw from circulation, or from the market; to take up and
pay; as, to retire bonds; to retire a note.

3. To cause to retire; specifically, to designate as no longer
qualified for active service; to place on the retired list; as, to
retire a military or naval officer.

RETIRE
Re*tire", v. i.

1. To go back or return; to draw back or away; to keep aloof; to
withdraw or retreat, as from observation; to go into privacy; as, to
retire to his home; to retire from the world, or from notice.
To Una back he cast him to retire. Spenser.
The mind contracts herself, and shrinketh in, And to herself she
gladly doth retire. Sir J. Davies.

2. To retreat from action or danger; to withdraw for safety or
pleasure; as, to retire from battle.
Set Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle, and retire ye from
him, that he may be smitten, and die. 2 Sam. xi. 15.

3. To withdraw from a public station, or from business; as, having
made a large fortune, he retired.
And from Britannia's public posts retire. Addison.

4. To recede; to fall or bend back; as, the shore of the sea retires
in bays and gulfs.

5. To go to bed; as, he usually retires early.

Syn.
 -- To withdraw; leave; depart; secede; recede; retreat; retrocede.

RETIRE
Re*tire", n.

1. The act of retiring, or the state of being retired; also, a place
to which one retires. [Obs.]
The battle and the retire of the English succors. Bacon.
[Eve] discover'd soon the place of her retire. Milton.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A call sounded on a bugle, announcing to skirmishers that they
are to retire, or fall back.

RETIRED
Re*tired", a.

1. Private; secluded; quiet; as, a retired life; a person of retired
habits.
A retired part of the peninsula. Hawthorne.

2. Withdrawn from active duty or business; as, a retired officer; a
retired physician. Retired flank (Fort.), a flank bent inward toward
the rear of the work.
 -- Retired list (Mil. & Naval), a list of officers, who, by reason
of advanced age or other disability, are relieved from active
service, but still receive a specified amount of pay from the
government.
 -- Re*tired"ly, adv.
 -- Re*tired"ness, n.

RETIREMENT
Re*tire"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. retirement.]

1. The act of retiring, or the state of being retired; withdrawal;
seclusion; as, the retirement of an officer.
O, blest Retirement, friend of life's decline. Goldsmith.
Retirement, rural quiet, friendship, books. Thomson.

2. A place of seclusion or privacy; a place to which one withdraws or
retreats; a private abode. [Archaic]
This coast full of princely retirements for the sumptousness of their
buildings and nobleness of the plantations. Evelyn.
Caprea had been the retirement of Augustus. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Solitude; withdrawment; departure; retreat; seclusion; privacy.
See Solitude.

RETIRER
Re*tir"er, n.

Defn: One who retires.

RETIRING
Re*tir"ing, a.

1. Reserved; shy; not forward or obtrusive; as, retiring modesty;
retiring manners.

2. Of or pertaining to retirement; causing retirement; suited to, or
belonging to, retirement. Retiring board (Mil.), a board of officers
who consider and report upon the alleged incapacity of an officer for
active service.
 -- Retiring pension, a pension granted to a public officer on his
retirement from office or service.

RETISTENE
Ret"i*stene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline hydrocarbon produced indirectly from
retene.

RETITELAE
Ret`i*te"læ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. rete a net + tela a web.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of spiders which spin irregular webs; -- called also
Retitelariæ.

RETOLD
Re*told",

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Retell.

RETORSION
Re*tor"sion, n.

Defn: Same as Retortion.

RETORT
Re*tort", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Retorting.]
Etym: [L. retortus, p. p. of retorquere; pref. re- re- + torquere to
turn twist. See Torsion, and cf. Retort, n., 2.]

1. To bend or curve back; as, a retorted line.
With retorted head, pruned themselves as they floated. Southey.

2. To throw back; to reverberate; to reflect.
As when his virtues, shining upon others, Heat them and they retort
that heat again To the first giver. Shak.

3. To return, as an argument, accusation, censure, or incivility; as,
to retort the charge of vanity.
And with retorted scorn his back he turned. Milton.

RETORT
Re*tort", v. i.

Defn: To return an argument or a charge; to make a severe reply.
Pope.

RETORT
Re*tort", n. Etym: [See Retort, v. t.]

1. The return of, or reply to, an argument, charge, censure,
incivility, taunt, or witticism; a quick and witty or severe
response.
This is called the retort courteous. Shak.

2. Etym: [F. retorte (cf. Sp. retorta), fr. L. retortus, p. p. of
retorquere. So named from its bent shape. See Retort, v. t.] (Chem. &
the Arts)

Defn: A vessel in which substances are subjected to distillation or
decomposition by heat. It is made of different forms and materials
for different uses, as a bulb of glass with a curved beak to enter a
receiver for general chemical operations, or a cylinder or
semicylinder of cast iron for the manufacture of gas in gas works.
Tubulated retort (Chem.), a retort having a tubulure for the
introduction or removal of the substances which are to be acted upon.

Syn.
 -- Repartee; answer.
 -- Retort, Repartee. A retort is a short and pointed reply, turning
back on an assailant the arguments, censure, or derision he had
thrown out. A repartee is usually a good-natured return to some witty
or sportive remark.

RETORTER
Re*tort"er, n.

Defn: One who retorts.

RETORTION
Re*tor"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rétorsion. See Retort, v. t.]

1. Act of retorting or throwing back; reflection or turning back.
[Written also retorsion.]
It was, however, necessary to possess some single term expressive of
this intellectual retortion. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. (Law)

Defn: Retaliation. Wharton.

RETORTIVE
Re*tort"ive, a.

Defn: Containing retort.

RETOSS
Re*toss", v. t.

Defn: To toss back or again.

RETOUCH
Re*touch", v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + touch: cf. F. retoucher.]

1. To touch again, or rework, in order to improve; to revise; as, to
retouch a picture or an essay.

2. (Photog.)

Defn: To correct or change, as a negative, by handwork.

RETOUCH
Re*touch", n. (Fine Arts)

Defn: A partial reworking,as of a painting, a sculptor's clay model,
or the like.

RETOUCHER
Re*touch"er, n.

Defn: One who retouches.

RETRACE
Re*trace", v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + trace: cf. F. retracer. Cf.
Retract.]

1. To trace back, as a line.
Then if the line of Turnus you retrace, He springs from Inachus of
Argive race. Driden.

2. To go back, in or over (a previous course); to go over again in a
reverse direction; as, to retrace one's steps; to retrace one's
proceedings.

3. To trace over again, or renew the outline of, as a drawing; to
draw again.

RETRACT
Re*tract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retracted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Retracting.] Etym: [F. rétracter, L. retractare, retractatum, to
handle again, reconsider, retract, fr. retrahere, retractum, to draw
back. See Retreat.]

1. To draw back; to draw up or shorten; as, the cat can retract its
claws; to retract a muscle.

2. Ti withdraw; to recall; to disavow; to recant; to take back; as,
to retract an accusation or an assertion.
I would as freely have retracted this charge of idolatry as I ever
made it. Bp. Stillingfleet.

3. To take back,, as a grant or favor previously bestowed; to revoke.
[Obs.] Woodward.

Syn.
 -- To recal; withdraw; rescind; revoke; unsay; disavow; recant;
abjure; disown.

RETRACT
Re*tract", v. i.

1. To draw back; to draw up; as, muscles retract after amputation.

2. To take back what has been said; to withdraw a concession or a
declaration.
She will, and she will not; she grants, denies, Consents, retracts,
advances, and then files. Granville.

RETRACT
Re*tract", n. (Far.)

Defn: The pricking of a horse's foot in nailing on a shoe.

RETRACTABLE
Re*tract"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rétractable.]

Defn: Capable of being retracted; retractile.

RETRACTATE
Re*tract"ate, v. t. Etym: [L. retractatus, p. p. of retractare. See
Retract.]

Defn: To retract; to recant. [Obs.]

RETRACTATION
Re`trac*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rétractation, L. retractatio a
revision, reconsideration. ]

Defn: The act of retracting what has been said; recantation.

RETRACTIBLE
Re*tract"i*ble, a.

Defn: Retractable.

RETRACTILE
Re*tract"ile, a. Etym: [Cf. F. -rétractile.] (Physiol.)

Defn: CApable of retraction; capable of being drawn back or up; as,
the claws of a cat are retractile.

RETRACTION
Re*trac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rétraction, L. retractio a drawing
back, hesitation.]

1. The act of retracting, or drawing back; the state of being
retracted; as, the retraction of a cat's claws.

2. The act of withdrawing something advanced, stated, claimed, or
done; declaration of change of opinion; recantation.
Other men's insatiable desire of revenge hath wholly beguiled both
church and state of the benefit of all my either retractions or Eikon
Basilike.

3. (Physiol.)
(a) The act of retracting or shortening; as, the retraction of a
severed muscle; the retraction of a sinew.
(b) The state or condition of a part when drawn back, or towards the
center of the body.

RETRACTIVE
Re*tract"ive, a.

Defn: Serving to retract; of the nature of a retraction.
 -- Re*tract"ive*ly, adv.

RETRACTIVE
Re*tract"ive, n.

Defn: That which retracts, or withdraws.

RETRACTOR
Re*tract"or, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, retracts. Specifically:
(a) In breech-loading firearms, a device for withdrawing a cartridge
shell from the barrel. (b) (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for holding apart the edges of a wound during
amputation.
(c) (Surg.) A bandage to protect the soft parts from injury by the
saw during amputation. (d) (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: A muscle serving to draw in any organ or part. See Illust.
under Phylactolæmata.

RETRAICT
Re*traict", n.

Defn: Retreat. [Obs.] Bacon.

RETRAIT
Re*trait", n. Etym: [It. ritratto, fr. ritrarre to draw back, draw,
fr. L. retrahere. See Retract.]

Defn: A portrait; a likeness. [Obs.]
Whose fair retrait I in my shield do bear. Spenser.

RETRANSFORM
Re`trans*form", v. t.

Defn: To transform anew or back.
 -- Re`trans*for*ma"tion, n.

RETRANSLATE
Re`trans*late", v. t.

Defn: To translate anew; especially, to translate back into the
original language.

RETRAXIT
Re*trax"it, n. Etym: [L., (he) has withdrawn. See Retract.] (O. Eng.
Law)

Defn: The withdrawing, or open renunciation, of a suit in court by
the plaintiff, by which he forever lost his right of action.
Blackstone.

RETREAD
Re*tread", v. t. & i.

Defn: To tread again.

RETREAT
Re*treat", n. Etym: [F. retraite, fr. retraire to withdraw, L.
retrahere; pref. re- re- + trahere to draw. See Trace, and cf.
Retract, Retrace.]

1. The act of retiring or withdrawing one's self, especially from
what is dangerous or disagreeable.
In a retreat he oShak.

2. The place to which anyone retires; a place or privacy or safety; a
refuge; an asylum.
He built his son a house of pleasure, and spared no cost to make a
delicious retreat. L'Estrange.
That pleasing shade they sought, a soft retreat From sudden April
showers, a shelter from the heat. Dryden.

3. (Mil. & Naval.)
(a) The retiring of an army or body of men from the face of an enemy,
or from any ground occupied to a greater distance from the enemy, or
from an advanced position.
(b) The withdrawing of a ship or fleet from an enemy for the purpose
of avoiding an engagement or escaping after defeat.
(c) A signal given in the army or navy, by the beat of a drum or the
sounding of trumpet or bugle, at sunset (when the roll is called), or
for retiring from action.

Note: A retreat is properly an orderly march, in which circumstance
it differs from a flight.

4. (Eccl.)
(a) A special season of solitude and silence to engage in religious
exercises.
(b) A period of several days of withdrawal from society to a
religious house for exclusive occupation in the duties of devotion;
as, to appoint or observe a retreat.

Syn.
 -- Retirement; departure; withdrawment; seclusion; solitude;
privacy; asylum; shelter; refuge.

RETREAT
Re*treat", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Retreated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Retreating.]

Defn: To make a retreat; to retire from any position or place; to
withdraw; as, the defeated army retreated from the field.
The rapid currents drive Towards the retreating sea their furious
tide. Milton.

RETREATFUL
Re*treat"ful, a.

Defn: Furnishing or serving as a retreat. [R.] "Our retreatful
flood." Chapman.

RETREATMENT
Re*treat"ment, n.

Defn: The act of retreating; specifically, the Hegira. [R.] D'Urfey.

RETRENCH
Re*trench", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retrenched; p. pr. & vb. n.
Retrenching.] Etym: [OF. retrenchier, F. retrancher; pref. re- re- +
OF. trenchier, F. trancher, to cut. See Trench.]

1. To cut off; to pare away.
Thy exuberant parts retrench. Denham.

2. To lessen; to abridge; to curtail; as, to retrench superfluities
or expenses.
But this thy glory shall be soon retrenched. Milton.

3. To confine; to limit; to restrict. Addison.
These figures, ought they then to receive a retrenched interpretation
I. Taylor.

4. (Fort.)

Defn: To furnish with a retrenchment; as, to retrench bastions.

Syn.
 -- To lesen; diminish; curtail; abridge.

RETRENCH
Re*trench", v. i.

Defn: To cause or suffer retrenchment; specifically, to cut down
living expenses; as, it is more reputable to retrench than to live
embarrassed.

RETRENCHMENT
Re*trench"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. retrenchment.]

1. The act or process of retrenching; as, the retrenchment of words
in a writing.
The retrenchment of my expenses will convince you that Walpole.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: A work constructed within another, to prolong the defense of
the position when the enemy has gained possession of the outer work;
or to protect the defenders till they can retreat or obtain terms for
a capitulation.

Syn.
 -- Lessening; curtailment; diminution; reduction; abridgment.

RETRIAL
Re*tri"al, n.

Defn: A secdond trial, experiment, or test; a second judicial trial,
as of an accused person.

RETRIBUTE
Re*trib"ute, v. t. Etym: [L. retributus, p. p. ofretribuere to
retribute; pref re- + tribuere to bestow, assign, pay. See Tribute.]

Defn: To pay back; to give in return, as payment, reward, or
punishment; to requite; as, to retribute one for his kindness; to
retribute just punishment to a criminal. [Obs. or R.] Locke.

RETRIBUTER
Re*trib"u*ter, n.

Defn: One who makes retribution.

RETRIBUTION
Ret`ri*bu"tion, n. Etym: [L. retributio: cf. F. rétribution.]

1. The act of retributing; repayment.
In good offices and due retributions, we may not be pinching and
niggardly. Bp. Hall.

2. That which is given in repayment or compensation; return suitable
to the merits or deserts of, as an action; commonly, condign
punishment for evil or wrong.
All who have their reward on earth, . . . Naught seeking but the
praise of men, here find Fit retribution, empty as their deeds.
Milton.

3. Specifically, reward and punishment, as distributed at the general
judgment.
It is a strong argument for a state of retribution hereafter, that in
this world virtuous persons are very often unfortunate, and vicious
persons prosperous. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Repayment; requital; recompense; payment; retaliation.

RETRIBUTIVE; RETRIBUTORY
Re*trib"u*tive, Re*trib"u*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. retributorius
worthy of retribution.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to retribution; of the nature of retribution;
involving retribution or repayment; as, retributive justice;
retributory comforts.

RETRIEVABLE
Re*triev"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Retrieve.]

Defn: That may be retrieved or recovered; admitting of retrieval.
 -- Re*triev"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Re*triev"a*bly, adv.

RETRIEVAL
Re*triev"al, n.

Defn: The act retrieving.

RETRIEVE
Re*trieve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retrieved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Retrieving.] Etym: [OE. retreven, OF. retrover to find again, recover
(il retroevee finds again), F. retrouver; pref. re- re- + OF. trover
to find, F. trouver. See Trover.]

1. To find again; to recover; to regain; to restore from loss or
injury; as, to retrieve one's character; to retrieve independence.
With late repentance now they would retrieve The bodies they forsook,
and wish to live. Dryden

2. To recall; to bring back.
To retrieve them from their cold, trivial conceits. Berkeley.

3. To remedy the evil consequence of, to repair, as a loss or
damadge.
Accept my sorrow, and retrieve my fall. Prior.
There is much to be done . . . and much to be retrieved. Burke.

Syn.
 -- To recover; regain; recruit; repair; restore.

RETRIEVE
Re*trieve", v. i. (Sport.)

Defn: To discover and bring in game that has been killed or wounded;
as, a dog naturally inclined to retrieve. Walsh.

RETRIEVE
Re*trieve", n.

1. A seeking again; a discovery. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. The recovery of game once sprung; -- an old sporting term. [Obs.]
Nares.

RETRIEVEMENT
Re*trieve"ment, n.

Defn: Retrieval.

RETRIEVER
Re*triev"er, n.

1. One who retrieves.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dor, or a breed of dogs, chiefly employed to retrieve, or to
find and recover game birds that have been killed or wounded.

RETRIM
Re*trim", v. t.

Defn: To trim again.

RETRIMENT
Ret"ri*ment, n. Etym: [L. retrimentum.]

Defn: Refuse; dregs. [R.]

RETRO-
Retro-. Etym: [L. retro, adv., backward, back. Cf. Re-.]

Defn: A prefix or combining form signifying backward, back; as,
retroact, to act backward; retrospect, a looking back.

RETROACT
Re`tro*act", v. i. Etym: [Pref. retro- + act.]

Defn: To act backward, or in return; to act in opposition; to be
retrospective.

RETROACTION
Re`tro*ac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rétroaction.]

1. Action returned, or action backward.

2. Operation on something past or preceding.

RETROACTIVE
Re`tro*act"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rétroactif.]

Defn: Fitted or designed to retroact; operating by returned action;
affecting what is past; retrospective. Beddoes. Retroactive law or
statute (Law), one which operates to make criminal or punishable, or
in any way expressly to affect, acts done prior to the passing of the
law.

RETROACTIVELY
Re`tro*act"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a retroactive manner.

RETROCEDE
Re"tro*cede, v. t. Etym: [Pref. retro- + cede: cf. F. rétrocéder.]

Defn: To cede or grant back; as, to retrocede a territory to a former
proprietor.

RETROCEDE
Re"tro*cede, v. i. Etym: [L. retrocedere; retro backward, back +
cedere to go. See Cede.]

Defn: To go back.

RETROCEDENT
Re`tro*ced"ent, a. Etym: [L. retrocedens, p. pr.]

Defn: Disposed or likely to retrocede; -- said of diseases which go
from one part of the body to another, as the gout.

RETROCESSION
Re`tro*ces"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rétrocession. See Retrocede.]

1. The act of retroceding.

2. The state of being retroceded, or granted back.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Metastasis of an eruption or a tumor from the surface to the
interior of the body.

RETROCHOIR
Re"tro*choir, n. Etym: [Pref. retro- + choir.] (Eccl. Arch.)

Defn: Any extension of a church behind the higggggggh altar, as a
chapel; also, in an apsidal church, all the space beyond the line of
the back or eastern face of the altar.

RETROCOPULANT
Re`tro*cop"u*lant, a. Etym: [See Retrocopulation.]

Defn: Copulating backward, or from behind.

RETROCOPULATION
Re`tro*cop`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. retro- + copulation.]

Defn: Copulation from behind. Sir T. Browne.

RETRODUCTION
Re`tro*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. retroducere, retroductum, to lead or
bring back; retro backward + ducere to lead.]

Defn: A leading or bringing back.

RETROFLEX; RETROFLEXED
Re"tro*flex, Re"tro*flexed, a. Etym: [Pref. retro- + L. flectere,
flexum, to bend, to turn.]

Defn: Reflexed; bent or turned abruptly backward.

RETROFLEXION
Re`tro*flex"ion, n.

Defn: The act of reflexing; the state of being retroflexed. Cf.
Retroversion.

RETROFRACT; RETROFRACTED
Re"tro*fract, Re"tro*fract`ed, a. Etym: [Pref. retro- + L. fractus,
p. p. of frangere to break.] (Bot.)

Defn: Refracted; as, a retrofract stem.

RETROGENERATIVE
Re`tro*gen"er*a*tive, a. Etym: [Pref. retro- + generative.]

Defn: Begetting young by retrocopulation.

RETROGRADATION
Re`tro*gra*da"tion, n. Etym: [F. rétrogradation or L. retrogradatio.
See Retrograde.]

1. The act of retrograding, or moving backward.

2. The state of being retrograde; decline.

RETROGRADE
Re"tro*grade, a. Etym: [L. retrogradus, from retrogradi,
retrogressus, to retrograde; retro back + gradi to step: cf. F.
rétrograde. See Grade.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: Apparently moving backward, and contrary to the succession of
the signs, that is, from east to west, as a planet. Hutton.
And if he be in the west side in that condition, then is he
retrograde. Chaucer.

2. Tending or moving backward; having a backward course; contrary;
as, a retrograde motion; -- opposed to Ant: progressive. "Progressive
and not retrograde." Bacon.
It is most retrograde to our desire. Shak.

3. Declining from a better to a worse state; as, a retrograde people;
retrograde ideas, morals, etc. Bacon.

RETROGRADE
Re"tro*grade, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Retrograded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Retrograding.] Etym: [L. retrogradare, retrogradi: cf. F.
rétrograder.]

1. To go in a retrograde direction; to move, or appear to move,
backward, as a planet.

2. Hence, to decline from a better to a worse condition, as in morals
or intelligence.

RETROGRADINGLY
Re"tro*gra`ding*ly, adv.

Defn: By retrograding; so as to retrograde.

RETROGRESS
Re"tro*gress, n. Etym: [Cf. L. retrogressus.]

Defn: Retrogression. [R.] H. Spenser.

RETROGRESSION
Re`tro*gres"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rétrogression. See Retrograde, and
cf. Digression.]

1. The act of retrograding, or going backward; retrogradation.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Backward development; a passing from a higher to a lower state
of organization or structure, as when an animal, approaching
maturity, becomes less highly organized than would be expected from
its earlier stages or known relationship. Called also retrograde
development, and regressive metamorphism.

RETROGRESSIVE
Re`tro*gres"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rétrogressif.]

1. Tending to retrograde; going or moving backward; declining from a
better to a worse state.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Passing from a higher to a lower condition; declining from a
more perfect state of organization; regressive.

RETROGRESSIVELY
Re`tro*gres"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a retrogressive manner.

RETROMINGENCY
Re`tro*min"gen*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being retromingent. Sir T. Browne.

RETROMINGENT
Re`tro*min"gent, a. Etym: [Pref. retro- + L. mingens, p. pr. of
mingere to urinate.]

Defn: Organized so as to discharge the urine backward.
 -- n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal that discharges its urine backward.

RETROPULSIVE
Re`tro*pul"sive, a. Etym: [Pref. retro- + L. pellere, pulsum, to
impel.]

Defn: Driving back; repelling.

RETRORSE
Re*trorse", a. Etym: [L. retrorsus, retroversus; retro back +
vertere, versum, to turn. Cf. Retrovert.]

Defn: Bent backward or downward.
 -- Re*trorse"ly, adv.

RETROSPECT
Re"tro*spect, v. i. Etym: [L. retrospicere; retro back + specere,
spectum, to look. See Spy, and cf. Expect.]

Defn: To look backward; hence, to affect or concern what is past.
It may be useful to retrospect to an early period. A. Hamilton.

RETROSPECT
Re"tro*spect, n.

Defn: A looking back on things past; view or contemplation of the
past. Cowper.
We may introduce a song without retrospect to the old comedy. Landor.

RETROSPECTION
Re`tro*spec"tion, n.

Defn: The act, or the faculty, of looking back on things past.

RETROSPECTIVE
Re`tro*spec"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rétrospectif.]

1. Looking backward; contemplating things past; -- opposed to
prospective; as, a retrospective view.
The sage, with retrospective eye. Pope.

2. Having reference to what is past; affecting things past;
retroactive; as, a retrospective law.
Inflicting death by a retrospective enactment. Macaulay.

RETROSPECTIVELY
Re`tro*spec"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of retrospect.

RETROUSSE
Re*trous`sé", a. [F., p.p. of retrousser to turn up.]

Defn: Turned up; -- said of a pug nose.

RETROVACCINATION
Re`tro*vac`ci*na"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: The inoculation of a cow with human vaccine virus.

RETROVERSION
Re`tro*ver"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rétroversion. See Retrovert.]

Defn: A turning or bending backward; also, the state of being turned
or bent backward; displacement backwards; as, retroversion of the
uterus.

Note: In retroversion the bending is gradual or curved; in
retroflexion it is abrupt or angular.

RETROVERT
Re"tro*vert, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retroverted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Retroverting.] Etym: [Pref. retro- + L. vertere, versum, to turn. Cf.
Retrorse.]

Defn: To turn back.

RETROVERTED
Re"tro*vert*ed, a.

Defn: In a state of retroversion.

RETRUDE
Re*trude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retruded; p. pr. & vb. n. Retruding.]
Etym: [L. retrudere; re- + trudere to thrust.]

Defn: To thrust back. [R.] Dr. H. More.

RETRUSE
Re*truse", a. Etym: [L. retrusus concealed, p. p. of retrudere.]

Defn: Abstruse. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

RETRUSION
Re*tru"sion, n.

Defn: The act of retruding, or the state of being retruded.
In virtue of an endless remotion or retrusion of the constituent
cause. Coleridge.

RETRY
Re*try", v. t.

Defn: To try (esp. judicially) a second time; as, to retry a case; to
retry an accused person.

RETTE
Rette, v. t.

Defn: See Aret. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RETTERY
Ret"ter*y, n.

Defn: A place or establishment where flax is retted. See Ret. Ure.

RETTING
Ret"ting, n.

1. The act or process of preparing flax for use by soaking,
meceration, and kindred processes; -- also called rotting. See Ret.
Ure.

2. A place where flax is retted; a rettery. Ure.

RETUND
Re*tund", v. t. Etym: [L. retundere, retusum; pref. re- re- + tundere
to beat.]

Defn: To blunt; to turn, as an edge; figuratively, to cause to be
obtuse or dull; as, to retund confidence. Ray. Cudworth.

RE-TURN
Re-turn", v. t. & i.

Defn: To turn again.

RETURN
Re*turn", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Returned; p. pr. & vb. n. Returning.]
Etym: [OE. returnen, retournen, F. retourner; pref. re- re- + tourner
to turn. See Turn.]

1. To turn back; to go or come again to the same place or condition.
"Return to your father's house." Chaucer.
On their embattled ranks the waves return. Milton.
If they returned out of bondage, it must be into a state of freedom.
Locke.
Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return. Gen. iii. 19.

2. To come back, or begin again, after an interval, regular or
irregular; to appear again.
With the year Seasons return; but not me returns Day or the sweet
approach of even or morn. Milton.

3. To speak in answer; to reply; to respond.
He said, and thus the queen of heaven returned. Pope.

4. To revert; to pass back into possession.
And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom return to the
house of David. 1Kings xii. 26.

5. To go back in thought, narration, or argument. "But to return to
my story." Fielding.

RETURN
Re*turn", v. t.

1. To bring, carry, send, or turn, back; as, to return a borrowed
book, or a hired horse.
Both fled attonce, ne ever back returned eye. Spenser.

2. To repay; as, to return borrowed money.

3. To give in requital or recompense; to requite.
The Lord shall return thy wickedness upon thine own head. 1 Kings ii.
44.

4. To give back in reply; as, to return an answer; to return thanks.

5. To retort; to throw back; as, to return the lie.
If you are a malicious reader, you return upon me, that I affect to
be thought more impartial than I am. Dryden.

6. To report, or bring back and make known.
And all the people answered together, . . . and Moses returned the
words of the people unto the Lord. Ex. xix. 8.

7. To render, as an account, usually an official account, to a
superior; to report officially by a list or statement; as, to return
a list of stores, of killed or wounded; to return the result of an
election.

8. Hence, to elect according to the official report of the election
officers. [Eng.]

9. To bring or send back to a tribunal, or to an office, with a
certificate of what has been done; as, to return a writ.

10. To convey into official custody, or to a general depository.
Instead of a ship, he should llevy money, and return the same to the
treasurer for his majesty's use. Clarendon.

11. (Tennis)

Defn: To bat (the ball) back over the net.

12. (Card Playing)

Defn: To lead in response to the lead of one's partner; as, to return
a trump; to return a diamond for a club. To return a lead (Card
Playing), to lead the same suit led by one's partner.

Syn.
 -- To restore; requite; repay; recompense; render; remit; report.

RETURN
Re*turn", n.

1. The act of returning (intransitive), or coming back to the same
place or condition; as, the return of one long absent; the return of
health; the return of the seasons, or of an anniversary.
At the return of the year the king of Syria will come up against
thee. 1 Kings xx. 22.
His personal return was most required and necessary. Shak.

2. The act of returning (transitive), or sending back to the same
place or condition; restitution; repayment; requital; retribution;
as, the return of anything borrowed, as a book or money; a good
return in tennis.
You made my liberty your late request: Is no return due from a
grateful breast Dryden.

3. That which is returned. Specifically:
(a) A payment; a remittance; a requital.
I do expect return Of thrice three times the value of this bond.
Shak.

(b) An answer; as, a return to one's question.
(c) An account, or formal report, of an action performed, of a duty
discharged, of facts or statistics, and the like; as, election
returns; a return of the amount of goods produced or sold;
especially, in the plural, a set of tabulated statistics prepared for
general information.
(d) The profit on, or advantage received from, labor, or an
investment, undertaking, adventure, etc.
The fruit from many days of recreation is very little; but from these
few hours we spend in prayer, the return is great. Jer. Taylor.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: The continuation in a different direction, most often at a
right angle, of a building, face of a building, or any member, as a
molding or mold; -- applied to the shorter in contradistinction to
the longer; thus, a facade of sixty feet east and west has a return
of twenty feet north and south.

5. (Law)
(a) The rendering back or delivery of writ, precept, or execution, to
the proper officer or court.
(b) The certificate of an officer stating what he has done in
execution of a writ, precept, etc., indorsed on the document.
(c) The sending back of a commission with the certificate of the
commissioners.
(d) A day in bank. See Return day, below. Blackstone.

6. (Mil. & Naval)

Defn: An official account, report, or statement, rendered to the
commander or other superior officer; as, the return of men fit for
duty; the return of the number of the sick; the return of provisions,
etc.

7. pl. (Fort. & Mining)

Defn: The turnings and windings of a trench or mine. Return ball, a
ball held by an elastic string so that it returns to the hand from
which it is thrown, -- used as a plaything.
 -- Return bend, a pipe fitting for connecting the contiguous ends of
two nearly parallel pipes lying alongside or one above another.
 -- Return day (Law), the day when the defendant is to appear in
court, and the sheriff is to return the writ and his proceedings.
 -- Return flue, in a steam boiler, a flue which conducts flame or
gases of combustion in a direction contrary to their previous
movement in another flue.
 -- Return pipe (Steam Heating), a pipe by which water of
condensation from a heater or radiator is conveyed back toward the
boiler.

RETURNABLE
Re*turn"a*ble, a.

1. Capable of, or admitting of, being returned.

2. (Law)

Defn: Legally required to be returned, delivered, given, or rendered;
as, a writ or precept returnable at a certain day; a verdict
returnable to the court.

RETURNER
Re*turn"er, n.

Defn: One who returns.

RETURNLESS
Re*turn"less, a.

Defn: Admitting no return. Chapman.

RETUSE
Re*tuse", a. Etym: [L. retusus, p. p. : cf. F. rétus. See Retund.]
(Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the end rounded and slightly indented; as, a retuse
leaf.

REULE
Reule, n.& v.

Defn: Rule. [Obs.]

REUME
Reume, n.

Defn: Realm. [Obs.]

REUNION
Re*un"ion, n. Etym: [Pref. re- + union: cf. F. réunion.]

1. A second union; union formed anew after separation, secession, or
discord; as, a reunion of parts or particles of matter; a reunion of
parties or sects.

2. An assembling of persons who have been separated, as of a family,
or the members of a disbanded regiment; an assembly so composed.

REUNITE
Re`u*nite", v. t. & i.

Defn: To unite again; to join after separation or variance. Shak.

REUNITEDLY
Re`u*nit"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a reunited manner.

REUNITION
Re`u*ni"tion, n.

Defn: A second uniting. [R.]

REURGE
Re*urge", v. t.

Defn: To urge again.

REVACCINATE
Re*vac"ci*nate, v. t.

Defn: To vaccinate a second time or again.
 -- Re*vac`ci*na"tion(#), n.

REVALESCENCE
Rev`a*les"cence, n.

Defn: The act of growing well; the state of being revalescent.
Would this prove that the patient's revalescence had been independent
of the medicines given him Coleridge.

REVALESCENT
Rev`a*les"cent, a. Etym: [L. revalescens, -entis, p. pr. of
revalescere; pref. re- re- + valescere, v. incho. fr. valere to be
well.]

Defn: Growing well; recovering strength.

REVALUATION
Re*val`u*a"tion, n.

Defn: A second or new valuation.

REVAMP
Re*vamp", v. t.

Defn: To vamp again; hence, topatch up; to reconstruct.

REVE
Reve, v. t.

Defn: To reave. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REVE
Reve, n. Etym: [See Reeve.]

Defn: An officer, steward, or governor. [Usually written reeve.]
[Obs.] Piers Plowman.

REVEAL
Re*veal", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revealed; p. pr. & vb. n. Revealing.]
Etym: [F. révéler, L. revelare, revelatum, to unveil, reveal; pref.
re- re- + velare to veil; fr. velum a veil. See Veil.]

1. To make known (that which has been concealed or kept secret); to
unveil; to disclose; to show.
Light was the wound, the prince's care unknown, She might not, would
not, yet reveal her own. Waller.

2. Specifically, to communicate (that which could not be known or
discovered without divine or supernatural instruction or agency).

Syn.
 -- To communicate; disclose; divulge; unveil; uncover; open;
discover; impart; show. See Communicate.
 -- Reveal, Divulge. To reveal is literally to lift the veil, and
thus make known what was previously concealed; to divulge is to
scatter abroad among the people, or make publicly known. A mystery or
hidden doctrine may be revealed; something long confined to the
knowledge of a few is at length divulged. "Time, which reveals all
things, is itself not to be discovered." Locke. "A tragic history of
facts divulged." Wordsworth.

REVEAL
Re*veal", n.

1. A revealing; a disclosure. [Obs.]

2. (Arch.)

Defn: The side of an opening for a window, doorway, or the like,
between the door frame or window frame and the outer surface of the
wall; or, where the opening is not filled with a door, etc., the
whole thickness of the wall; the jamb. [Written also revel.]

REVEALABILITY
Re*veal`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being revealable; revealableness.

REVEALABLE
Re*veal"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being revealed.
 -- Re*veal"a*ble*ness, n.

REVEALER
Re*veal"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, reveals.

REVEALMENT
Re*veal"ment, n.

Defn: Act of revealing. [R.]

REVEGETATE
Re*veg"e*tate, v. i.

Defn: To vegetate anew.

REVEILLE
Re*veil"le, n. Etym: [F. réveil, fr. réveiller to awake; pref. re-
re- + pref. es- (L. ex) + veiller to awake, watch, L. vigilare to
watch. The English form was prob. taken by mistake from the French
imper. réveillez,2d pers. pl. See Vigil.] (Mil.)

Defn: The beat of drum, or bugle blast, about break of day, to give
notice that it is time for the soldiers to rise, and for the
sentinels to forbear challenging. "Sound a reveille." Dryden.
For at dawning to assail ye Here no bugles sound reveille. Sir W.
Scott.

REVEL
Rev"el, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Reveal. [R.]

REVEL
Rev"el, n. Etym: [OF. revel rebellion, disorder, feast, sport. See
Revel, v. i.]

Defn: A feast with loose and noisy jollity; riotous festivity or
merrymaking; a carousal.
This day in mirth and revel to dispend. Chaucer.
Some men ruin . . . their bodies by incessant revels. Rambler.
Master of the revels, Revel master. Same as Lord of misrule, under
Lord.

REVEL
Rev"el, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Reveled or Revelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reveling or Revelling.] Etym: [OF. reveler to revolt, rebel, make
merry, fr. L. rebellare. See Rebel.]

1. To feast in a riotous manner; to carouse; to act the bacchanalian;
to make merry. Shak.

2. To move playfully; to indulge without restraint. "Where joy most
revels." Shak.

REVEL
Re*vel", v. t. Etym: [L. revellere; re- + vellere to pluck, pull.]

Defn: To draw back; to retract. [Obs.] Harvey.

REVELATE
Rev"e*late, v. t. Etym: [L. revelatus, p. p. of revelare to reveal.]

Defn: To reveal. [Obs.] Frith. Barnes.

REVELATION
Rev`e*la"tion, n. Etym: [F. révélation, L. revelatio. See Reveal.]

1. The act of revealing, disclosing, or discovering to others what
was before unknown to them.

2. That which is revealed.

3. (Theol.)
(a) The act of revealing divine truth.
(b) That which is revealed by God to man; esp., the Bible.
By revelation he made known unto me the mystery, as I wrote afore in
few words. Eph. iii. 3.

4. Specifically, the last book of the sacred canon, containing the
prophecies of St. John; the Apocalypse.

REVELATOR
Rev"e*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who makes a revelation; a revealer. [R.]

REVELER
Rev"el*er, n. Etym: [Written also reveller.]

Defn: One who revels. "Moonshine revelers." Shak.

REVELLENT
Re*vel"lent, a. Etym: [L. revellens, p. pr. of revellere. See Revel,
v. t.]

Defn: Causing revulsion; revulsive.
 -- n. (Med.)

Defn: A revulsive medicine.

REVELMENT
Rev"el*ment, n.

Defn: The act of reveling.

REVELOUS
Rev"el*ous, a. Etym: [OF. reveleus.]

Defn: Fond of festivity; given to merrymaking or reveling. [Obs.]
Companionable and revelous was she. Chaucer.

REVEL-ROUT
Rev"el-rout`, n. Etym: [See Rout.]

1. Tumultuous festivity; revelry. [Obs.] Rowe.

2. A rabble; a riotous assembly; a mob. [Obs.]

REVELRY
Rev"el*ry, n. Etym: [See Revel, v. i. & n.]

Defn: The act of engaging in a revel; noisy festivity; reveling.
And pomp and feast and revelry. Milton.

REVENDICATE
Re*ven"di*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revendicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Revendicating.]Etym: [Cf. F. revendiquer. See Revenge.]

Defn: To reclaim; to demand the restoration of. [R.] Vattel (Trans.
).

REVENDICATION
Re*ven`di*ca""tion, n. Etym: [F. revendication.]

Defn: The act of revendicating. [R.] Vattel (Trans. )

REVENGE
Re*venge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revenged, p. pr. & vb. n. Revenging
(.] Etym: [OF. revengier, F. revancher; pref. re- re- + OF. vengier
to avenge, revenge, F. venger, L. vindicare. See Vindicate,
Vengerance, and cf. Revindicate.]

1. To inflict harm in return for, as an injury, insult, etc.; to
exact satisfaction for, under a sense of injury; to avenge; --
followed either by the wrong received, or by the person or thing
wronged, as the object, or by the reciprocal pronoun as direct
object, and a preposition before thewrong done or the wrongdoer.
To revenge the death of our fathers. Ld. Berners.
The gods are just, and will revenge our cause. Dryden.
Come, Antony, and young Octavius, come, Revenge yourselves alone on
Cassius. Shak.

2. To inflict injury for, in a spiteful, wrong, or malignant spirit;
to wreak vengeance for maliciously.

Syn.
 -- To avenge; vindicate. See Avenge.

REVENGE
Re*venge", v. i.

Defn: To take vengeance; -- with upon. [Obs.] "A bird that will
revenge upon you all." Shak.

REVENGE
Re*venge", n.

1. The act of revenging; vengeance; retaliation; a returning of evil
for evil.
Certainly, in taking revenge, a man is even with his enemy; but in
passing it over he is superior. Bacon.

2. The disposition to revenge; a malignant wishing of evil to one who
has done us an injury.
Revenge now goes To lay a complot to betray thy foes. Shak.
The indulgence of revenge tends to make men more savage and cruel.
Kames.

REVENGEABLE
Re*venge"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being revenged; as, revengeable wrong. Warner.

REVENGEANCE
Re*venge"ance, n.

Defn: Vengeance; revenge. [Obs.]

REVENGEFUL
Re*venge"ful, a.

Defn: Full of, or prone to, revenge; vindictive; malicious;
revenging; wreaking revenge.
If thy revengeful heart can not forgive. Shak.
May my hands . . . Never brandish more rebvengeful steel. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Vindictive; vengeful; resentful; malicious.
 -- Re*venge"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Re*venge"ful*ness, n.

REVENGELESS
Re*venge"less, a.

Defn: Unrevenged. [Obs.] Marston.

REVENGEMENT
Re*venge"ment, n.

Defn: Revenge. [Obs.]
He 'll breed revengement and a scourge for me. Shak.

REVENGER
Re*ven"ger, n.

Defn: One who revenges. Shak.

REVENGING
Re*ven"ging, a.

Defn: Executing revenge; revengeful.
 -- Re*ven"ging*ly, adv. Shak.

REVENUE
Rev"e*nue, n. Etym: [F. revenu, OF. revenue, fr. revenir to return,
L. revenire; pref. re- re- + venire to come. See Come.]

1. That which returns, or comes back, from an investment; the annual
rents, profits, interest, or issues of any species of property, real
or personal; income.
Do not anticipate your revenues and live upon air till you know what
you are worth. Gray.

2. Hence, return; reward; as, a revenue of praise.

3. The annual yield of taxes, excise, customs, duties, rents, etc.,
which a nation, state, or municipality collects and receives into the
treasury for public use. Revenue cutter, an armed government vessel
employed to enforce revenue laws, prevent smuggling, etc.

REVERB
Re*verb", v. t.

Defn: To echo. [Obs.] Shak.

REVERBERANT
Re*ver"ber*ant, a. Etym: [L. reverberans, p. pr. : cf. F.
réverbérant. See Reverberate.]

Defn: Having the quality of reverberation; reverberating.

REVERBERATE
Re*ver"ber*ate, a. Etym: [L. reverberatus, p. p. of reverberare to
strike back, repel; pref. re- re- + verberare to lash, whip, beat,
fr. verber a lash, whip, rod.]

1. Reverberant. [Obs.] "The reverberate hills." Shak.

2. Driven back, as sound; reflected. [Obs.] Drayton.

REVERBERATE
Re*ver"ber*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reverberated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reverberating.]

1. To return or send back; to repel or drive back; to echo, as sound;
to reflect, as light, as light or heat.
Who, like an arch, reverberates The voice again. Shak.

2. To send or force back; to repel from side to side; as, flame is
reverberated in a furnace.

3. Hence, to fuse by reverberated heat. [Obs.] "Reverberated into
glass." Sir T. Browne.

REVERBERATE
Re*ver"ber*ate, v. i.

1. To resound; to echo.

2. To be driven back; to be reflected or repelled, as rays of light;
to be echoed, as sound.

REVERBERATION
Re*ver`ber*a"tion, n. Etym: [CF. F. réverbération.]

Defn: The act of reverberating; especially, the act of reflecting
light or heat, or reëchoing sound; as, the reverberation of rays from
a mirror; the reverberation of rays from a mirror; the reverberation
of voices; the reverberation of heat or flame in a furnace.

REVERBERATIVE
Re*ver"ber*a*tive, a.

Defn: Of the nature of reverberation; tending to reverberate;
reflective.
This reverberative influence is that which we have intended above, as
the influence of the mass upon its centers. I. Taylor.

REVERBERATOR
Re*ver"ber*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, produces reverberation.

REVERBERATORY
Re*ver"ber*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Producing reverberation; acting by reverberation;
reverberative. Reverberatory furnace. See the Note under Furnace.

REVERBERATORY
Re*ver"ber*a*to*ry, n.

Defn: A reverberatory furnace.

REVERDURE
Re*ver"dure, v. t.

Defn: To cover again with verdure. Ld. Berners.

REVERE
Re*vere", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revered; p. pr. & vb. n. Revering.]
Etym: [L. revereri; pref. re- re- + vereri to fear, perh. akin to E.
wary: cf. F. révérer.]

Defn: To regard with reverence, or profound respect and affection,
mingled with awe or fear; to venerate; to reverence; to honor in
estimation.
Marcus Aurelius, whom he rather revered as his father than treated as
his partner in the empire. Addison.

Syn.
 -- To venerate; adore; reverence.

REVERENCE
Rev"er*ence, n. Etym: [F. révérence, L. reverentia. See Reverent.]

1. Profound respect and esteem mingled with fear and affection, as
for a holy being or place; the disposition to revere; veneration.
If thou be poor, farewell thy reverence. Chaucer.
Reverence, which is the synthesis of love and fear. Coleridge.
When discords, and quarrels, and factions, are carried openly and
audaciously, it is a sign the reverence of government islost. Bacon.

Note: Formerly, as in Chaucer, reverence denoted "respect" "honor",
without awe or fear.

2. The act of revering; a token of respect or veneration; an
obeisance.
Make twenty reverences upon receiving . . . about twopence.
Goldsmith.
And each of them doeth all his diligence To do unto the feast
reverence. Chaucer.

3. That which deserves or exacts manifestations of reverence;
reverend character; dignity; state.
I am forced to lay my reverence by. Shak.

4. A person entitled to be revered; -- a title applied to priests or
other ministers with the pronouns his or your; sometimes poetically
to a father. Shak. Save your reverence, Saving your reverence, an
apologetical phrase for an unseemly expression made in the presence
of a priest or clergyman.
 -- Sir reverence, a contracted form of Save your reverence.
Such a one as a man may not speak of, without he say. "Sir
reverence." Shak.
-- To do reverence, to show reverence or honor; to perform an act of
reverence.
Now lies he there, And none so poor to do him reverence. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Awe; honor; veneration; adoratuon; dread.
 -- Awe, Reverence, Dread, Veneration. Reverence is a strong
sentiment of respect and esteem, sometimes mingled slightly with
fear; as, reverence for the divine law. Awe is a mixed feeling of
sublimity and dread in view of something great or terrible, sublime
or sacred; as, awe at the divine presence. It does not necessarily
imply love. Dread is an anxious fear in view of an impending evil;
as, dread of punishment. Veneration is reverence in its strongest
manifestations. It is the highest emotion we can exercise toward
human beings. Exalted and noble objects produce reverence; terrific
and threatening objects awaken dread; a sense of the divine presence
fills us with awe; a union of wisdom and virtue in one who is
advanced in years inspires us with veneration.

REVERENCE
Rev"er*ence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reverenced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reverencing.]

Defn: To regard or treat with reverence; to regard with respect and
affection mingled with fear; to venerate.
Let . . . the wife see that she reverence her husband. Eph. v. 33.
Those that I reverence those I fear, the wise. Shak.

REVERENCER
Rev"er*en*cer, n.

Defn: One who regards with reverence. "Reverencers of crowned heads."
Swift.

REVEREND
Rev"er*end, a. Etym: [F. révérend, L. reverendus, fr. revereri. See
Revere.]

Defn: Worthy of reverence; entitled to respect mingled with fear and
affection; venerable.
A reverend sire among them came. Milton.
They must give good example and reverend deportment in the face of
their children. Jer. Taylor.

Note: This word is commonly given as a title of respect to
ecclesiastics. A clergyman is styled the reverend; a dean, the very
reverend; a bishop, the right reverend; an archbishop, the most
reverend.

REVERENDLY
Rev"er*end*ly, adv.

Defn: Reverently. [Obs.] Foxe.

REVERENT
Rev"er*ent, a. Etym: [L. reverens, -entis, p. pr. of revereri. See
Revere.]

1. Disposed to revere; impressed with reverence; submissive; humble;
respectful; as, reverent disciples. "They . . . prostrate fell before
him reverent." Milton.

2. Expressing reverence, veneration, devotion, or submission; as,
reverent words; reverent behavior. Joye.

REVERENTIAL
Rev`er*en"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. révérenciel. See Reverence.]

Defn: Proceeding from, or expressing, reverence; having a reverent
quality; reverent; as, reverential fear or awe. "A reverential esteem
of things sacred." South.

REVERENTIALLY
Rev`er*en"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a reverential manner.

REVERENTLY
Rev"er*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a reverent manner; in respectful regard.

REVERER
Re*ver"er, n.

Defn: One who reveres.

REVERIE; REVERY
Rev"er*ie, Rev"er*y, n.; pl. Reveries. Etym: [F. réverie, fr. rêver
to dream, rave, be light-headed. Cf. Rave.]

1. A loose or irregular train of thought occurring in musing or
mediation; deep musing; daydream. "Rapt in nameless reveries."
Tennyson.
When ideas float in our mind without any reflection or regard of the
understanding, it is that which the French call revery, our language
has scarce a name for it. Locke.

2. An extravagant concient of the fancy; a vision. [R.]
There are infinite reveries and numberless extravagancies pass
through both [wise and foolish minds]. Addison.

REVERS
Re*vers", n.sing & pl. [F. See Reverse, n.] (Dressmaking, Tailoring,
etc.)

Defn: A part turned or folded back so as to show the inside, or a
piece put on in imitation of such a part, as the lapel of a coat.

REVERSAL
Re*ver"sal, a. Etym: [See Reverse.]

Defn: Intended to reverse; implying reversal. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

REVERSAL
Re*ver"sal, n. Etym: [From Reverse.]

1. The act of reversing; the causing to move or face in an opposite
direction, or to stand or lie in an inverted position; as, the
reversal of a rotating wheel; the reversal of objects by a convex
lens.

2. A change or overthrowing; as, the reversal of a judgment, which
amounts to an official declaration that it is false; the reversal of
an attainder, or of an outlawry, by which the sentence is rendered
void. Blackstone.

REVERSE
Re*verse", a. Etym: [OE. revers, OF. revers, L. reversus, p. p. of
revertere. See Revert.]

1. Turned backward; having a contrary or opposite direction; hence;
opposite or contrary in kind; as, the reverse order or method. "A
vice reverse unto this." Gower.

2. Turned upside down; greatly disturbed. [Obs.]
He found the sea diverse With many a windy storm reverse. Gower.

3. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Reversed; as, a reverse shell. Reverse bearing (Surv.), the
bearing of a back station as observed from the station next in
advance.
 -- Reverse curve (Railways), a curve like the letter S, formed of
two curves bending in opposite directions.
 -- Reverse fire (Mil.), a fire in the rear.
 -- Reverse operation (Math.), an operation the steps of which are
taken in a contrary order to that in which the same or similar steps
are taken in another operation considered as direct; an operation in
which that is sought which in another operation is given, and that
given which in the other is sought; as, finding the length of a
pendulum from its time of vibration is the reverse operation to
finding the time of vibration from the length.

REVERSE
Re*verse", n. Etym: [Cf. F. revers. See Reverse, a.]

1. That which appears or is presented when anything, as a lance, a
line, a course of conduct, etc., is reverted or turned contrary to
its natural direction.
He did so with the reverse of the lance. Sir W. Scott.

2. That which is directly opposite or contrary to something else; a
contrary; an opposite. Chaucer.
And then mistook reverse of wrong for right. Pope.
To make everything the reverse of what they have seen, is quite as
easy as to destroy. Burke.

3. The act of reversing; complete change; reversal; hence, total
change in circumstances or character; especially, a change from
better to worse; misfortune; a check or defeat; as, the enemy met
with a reverse.
The strange reverse of fate you see; I pitied you, now you may pity
me. Dryden.
By a reverse of fortune, Stephen becomes rich. Lamb.

4. The back side; as, the reverse of a drum or trench; the reverse of
a medal or coin, that is, the side opposite to the Ant: obverse. See
Obverse.

5. A thrust in fencing made with a backward turn of the hand; a
backhanded stroke. [Obs.] Shak.

6. (Surg.)

Defn: A turn or fold made in bandaging, by which the direction of the
bandage is changed.

REVERSE
Re*verse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reversed;p. pr. & vb. n. Reversing.]
Etym: [See Reverse, a., and cf. Revert.]

1. To turn back; to cause to face in a contrary direction; to cause
to depart.
And that old dame said many an idle verse, Out of her daughter's
heart fond fancies to reverse. Spenser.

2. To cause to return; to recall. [Obs.]
And to his fresh remembrance did reverse The ugly view of his
deformed crimes. Spenser.

3. To change totally; to alter to the opposite.
Reverse the doom of death. Shak.
She reversed the conduct of the celebrated vicar of Bray. Sir W.
Scott.

4. To turn upside down; to invert.
A pyramid reversed may stand upon his point if balanced by admirable
skill. Sir W. Temple.

5. Hence, to overthrow; to subvert.
These can divide, and these reverse, the state. Pope.
Custom . . . reverses even the distinctions of good and evil. Rogers.

6. (Law)

Defn: To overthrow by a contrary decision; to make void; to under or
annual for error; as, to reverse a judgment, sentence, or decree.
Reverse arms (Mil.), a position of a soldier in which the piece
passes between the right elbow and the body at an angle of 45°, and
is held as in the illustration.
 -- To reverse an engine or a machine, to cause it to perform its
revolutions or action in the opposite direction.

Syn.
 -- To overturn; overset; invert; overthrow; subvert; repeal; annul;
revoke; undo.

REVERSE
Re*verse", v. i.

1. To return; to revert. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To become or be reversed.

REVERSED
Re*versed", a.

1. Turned side for side, or end for end; changed to the contrary;
specifically (Bot. & Zoöl.), sinistrorse or sinistral; as, a
reversed, or sinistral, spiral or shell.

2. (Law)

Defn: Annulled and the contrary substituted; as, a reversed judgment
or decree. Reversed positive or negative (Photog.), a picture
corresponding with the original in light and shade, but reversed as
to right and left. Abney.

REVERSEDLY
Re*vers"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a reversed way.

REVERSELESS
Re*verse"less, a.

Defn: Irreversible. [R.] A. SEward.

REVERSELY
Re*verse"ly, adv.

Defn: In a reverse manner; on the other hand; on the opposite. Bp.
Pearson.

REVERSER
Re*vers"er, n.

Defn: One who reverses.

REVERSIBILITY
Re*vers`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being reversible. Tyndall.

REVERSIBLE
Re*vers"i*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. réversible revertible, reversionary.]

1. Capable of being reversed; as, a chair or seat having a reversible
back; a reversible judgment or sentence.

2. Hence, having a pattern or finished surface on both sides, so that
either may be used; -- said of fabrics. Reversible lock, a lock that
may be applied to a door opening in either direction, or hinged to
either jamb.
 -- Reversible process. See under Process.

REVERSIBLY
Re*vers"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In a reversible manner.

REVERSING
Re*vers"ing, a.

Defn: Serving to effect reversal, as of motion; capable of being
reversed. Reversing engine, a steam engine having a reversing gear by
means of which it can be made to run in either direction at will.
 -- Reversing gear (Mach.), gear for reversing the direction of
rotation at will.

REVERSION
Re*ver"sion, n. Etym: [F. réversion, L. reversio a turning back. See
Revert.]

1. The act of returning, or coming back; return. [Obs.]
After his reversion home, [he] was spoiled, also, of all that he
brought with him. Foxe.

2. That which reverts or returns; residue. [Obs.]
The small reversion of this great navy which came home might be
looked upon by religious eyes as relics. Fuller.

3. (Law)

Defn: The returning of an esttate to the grantor or his heirs, by
operation of law, after the grant has terminated; hence, the residue
of an estate left in the proprietor or owner thereof, to take effect
in possession, by operation of law, after the termination of a
limited or less estate carved out of it and conveyed by him. Kent.

4. Hence, a right to future possession or enjoiment; succession.
For even reversions are all begged before. Dryden.

5. (Annuities)

Defn: A payment which is not to be received, or a benefit which does
not begin, until the happening of some event, as the death of a
living person. Brande &C.

6. (Biol.)

Defn: A return towards some ancestral type or character; atavism.
Reversion of series (Alg.), the act of reverting a series. See To
revert a series, under Revert, v. t.

REVERSIONARY
Re*ver"sion*a*ry, a. (Law)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a reversion; involving a reversion; to be
enjoyed in succession, or after the termination of a particular
estate; as, a reversionary interest or right.

REVERSIONARY
Re*ver"sion*a*ry, n. (Law)

Defn: That which is to be received in reversion.

REVERSIONER
Re*ver"sion*er, n. (Law)

Defn: One who has a reversion, or who is entitled to lands or
tenements, after a particular estate granted is terminated.
Blackstone.

REVERSIS
Re*ver"sis, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A certain game at cards.

REVERT
Re*vert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Reverting.]
Etym: [L. revertere, reversum; pref. re- re- + vertere to turn: cf.
OF. revertir. See Verse, and cf. Reverse.]

1. To turn back, or to the contrary; to reverse.
Till happy chance revert the cruel scence. Prior.
The tumbling stream . . . Reverted, plays in undulating flow.
Thomson.

2. To throw back; to reflect; to reverberate.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: To change back. See Revert, v. i. To revert a series (Alg.), to
treat a series, as y = a + bx + cx2 + etc., where one variable y is
expressed in powers of a second variable x, so as to find therefrom
the second variable x, expressed in a series arranged in powers of y.

REVERT
Re*vert", v. i.

1. To return; to come back.
So that my arrows Would have reverted to my bow again. Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: To return to the proprietor after the termination of a
particular estate granted by him.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: To return, wholly or in part, towards some preëxistent form; to
take on the traits or characters of an ancestral type.

4. (Chem.)

Defn: To change back, as from a soluble to an insoluble state or the
reverse; thus, phosphoric acid in certain fertilizers reverts.

REVERT
Re*vert", n.

Defn: One who, or that which, reverts.
An active promoter in making the East Saxons converts, or rather
reverts, to the faith. Fuller.

REVERTED
Re*vert"ed, a.

Defn: Turned back; reversed. Specifically: (Her.) Bent or curved
twice, in opposite directions, or in the form of an S.

REVERTENT
Re*vert"ent, n. (Med.)

Defn: A remedy which restores the natural order of the inverted
irritative motions in the animal system. [Obs.] E. Darwin.

REVERTER
Re*vert"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, reverts.

2. (Law) Reversion. Burrill.

REVERTIBLE
Re*vert"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of, or admitting of, reverting or being reverted; as, a
revertible estate.

REVERTIVE
Re*vert"ive, a.

Defn: Reverting, or tending to revert; returning.
 -- Re*vert"ive*ly, adv.
The tide revertive, unattracted, leaves A yellow waste of idle sands
behind. Thomson.

REVERY
Rev"er*y, n.

Defn: Same as Reverie.

REVEST
Re*vest", v. t. Etym: [OF reverstir, F. revêtir, L. revestire; pref.
re- re- + vestire to clothe, fr. vestis a garment. See Vestry, and
cf. Revet.]

1. To clothe again; to cover, as with a robe; to robe.
Her, nathless, . . . the enchanterrevest and decked with due
habiliments. Spenser.

2. To vest again with possession or office; as, to revest a
magistrate with authority.

REVEST
Re*vest", v. i.

Defn: To take effect or vest again, as a title; to revert to former
owner; as, the title or right revels in A after alienation.

REVESTIARY
Re*ves"ti*a*ry, n. Etym: [LL. revestiarium: cf. F. revestiaire. See
Revest.]

Defn: The apartment, in a church or temple, where the vestments,
etc., are kept; -- now contracted into vestry.

REVESTRY
Re*ves"try, n.

Defn: Same as Revestiary. [Obs.]

REVESTTURE
Re*vest"ture, n.

Defn: Vesture. [Obs.]
Richrevesture of cloth of gold. E. Hall.

REVET
Re*vet", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revetted;p. pr. & vb. n. Revetting.]
Etym: [See Revetment.] (Mil. & Civil Engineering)

Defn: To face, as an embankment, with masonry, wood, or other
material.

REVETMENT
Re*vet"ment, n. Etym: [F. revêtment the lining of a dith, fr. revêtir
to clothe, L. revestire. See Revest,v. t.] (Fort. & Engin.)

Defn: A facing of wood, stone, or any other material, to sustain an
embankment when it receives a slope steeper than the natural slope;
also, a retaining wall. [Written also revêtement (

REVIBRATE
Re*vi"brate, v. i.

Defn: To vibrate back or in return.
 -- Re`vi*bra"tion, n.

REVICT
Re*vict", v. t. Etym: [L. revictus, p. p. of revincere to conquer.]

Defn: To reconquer. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

REVICTION
Re*vic"tion, n. Etym: [From L. revivere, revictum, to live again;
pref. re- re- + vivere to live.]

Defn: Return to life. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

REVICTUAL
Re*vict"ual, v. t.

Defn: To victual again.

REVIE
Re*vie", v. t.

1. To vie with, or rival, in return.

2. (Card Playing)

Defn: To meet a wager on, as on the taking of a trick, with a higher
wager. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

REVIE
Re*vie", v. i.

1. To exceed an adversary's wager in card playing. [Obs.]

2. To make a retort; to bandy words. [Obs.]

REVIEW
Re*view", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Review; p. pr. & vb. n. Reveiwing.]
Etym: [Pref. re- + view. Cf. Riview, n. ]

1. To view or see again; to look back on [R.] "I shall review
Sicilia." Shak.

2. To go over and examine critically or deliberately. Specifically:
(a) To reconsider; to revise, as a manuscript before printing it, or
a book for a new edition.
(b) To go over with critical examination, in order to discover
exellences or defects; hence, to write a critical notice of; as, to
review a new novel.
(c) To make a formal or official examination of the state of, as
troops, and the like; as, to review a regiment.
(d) (Law) To reëxamine judically; as, a higher court may review the
proceedings and judgments of a lower one.

3. To retrace; to go over again.
Shall I the long, laborious scene review Pope.

REVIEW
Re*view", v. i.

Defn: To look back; to make a review.

REVIEW
Re*view", n. Etym: [F. revue, fr. revu, p. p. of revoir to see again,
L. revidere; pref. re- re- + videre to see. See View, and cf.
Revise.]

1. A second or repeated view; a reëxamination; a retrospective
survey; a looking over again; as, a review of one's studies; a review
of life.

2. An examination with a view to amendment or improvement; revision;
as, an author's review of his works.

3. A critical examination of a publication, with remarks; a
criticism; a critique.

4. A periodical containing critical essays upon matters of interest,
as new productions in literature, art, etc.

5. An inspection, as of troops under arms or of a naval force, by a
high officer, for the purpose of ascertaining the state of
discipline, equipments, etc.

6. (Law)

Defn: The judicial examination of the proceedings of a lower court by
a higher.

7. A lesson studied or recited for a second time. Bill of review
(Equity), a bill, in the nature of proceedings in error, filed to
procure an examination and alteration or reversal of a final decree
which has been duly signed and enrolled. Wharton.
 -- Commission of review (Eng. Eccl. Law), a commission formerly
granted by the crown to revise the sentence of the court of
delegates.

Syn.
 -- Reëxamination; resurvey; retrospect; survey; reconsideration;
revisal; revise; revision.

REVIEWABLE
Re*view"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being reviewed.

REVIEWAL
Re*view"al, n.

Defn: A review. [R.] Southey.

REVIEWER
Re*view"er, n.

Defn: One who reviews or reëxamines; an inspector; one who examines
publications critically, and publishes his opinion upon their merits;
a professional critic of books.

REVIGORATE
Re*vig"or*ate, a. Etym: [LL. revigoratus, p. p. of revigorare; L. re-
+ vigor vigor.]

Defn: Having new vigor or strength; invigorated anew. [R.] Southey.

REVIGORATE
Re*vig"or*ate, v. t.

Defn: To give new vigor to. [Obs.]

REVILE
Re*vile", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Reviled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reviling.] Etym: [Pref. re- + OF. aviler to make vile, depreciate, F.
avilir; à (L. ad.) + vil vile. See Vile.]

Defn: To address or abuse with opprobrious and contemptuous language;
to reproach. "And did not she herself revile me there" Shak.
Who, when he was reviled, reviled not again. 1 Pet. ii. 23.

Syn.
 -- To reproach; vilify; upbraid; calumniate.

REVILE
Re*vile", n.

Defn: Reproach; reviling. [Obs.]
The gracious Judge, without revile, replied. Milton.

REVILEMENT
Re*vile"ment, n.

Defn: The act of reviling; also, contemptuous language; reproach;
abuse. Spenser.

REVILER
Re*vil"er, n.

Defn: One who reviles. 1. Cor. vi. 10.

REVILING
Re*vil"ing, n.

Defn: Reproach; abuse; vilification.
Neither be ye afraid of their revilings. Isa. li. 7.

REVILING
Re*vil"ing, a.

Defn: Uttering reproaches; containing reproaches.
 -- Re*vil"ing*ly, adv.

REVINCE
Re*vince", v. t. Etym: [See Revict.]

Defn: To overcome; to refute, as error. [Obs.] Foxe.

REVINDICATE
Re*vin"di*cate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + vindicate. Cf. Revindicate,
Revenge.]

Defn: To vindicate again; to reclaim; to demand and take back.
Mitford.

REVIRESCENCE
Rev`i*res"cence, n. Etym: [L. revirescens, p. pr. of revirescere to
grow green again.]

Defn: A growing green or fresh again; renewal of youth or vigor.
[Obs.]

REVISABLE
Re*vis"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be revised.

REVISAL
Re*vis"al, n. Etym: [From Revise.]

Defn: The act of revising, or reviewing and reëxamining for
correction and improvement; revision; as, the revisal of a
manuscript; the revisal of a proof sheet; the revisal of a treaty.

REVISE
Re*vise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revised; p. pr. & vb. n. Revising.]
Etym: [F. reviser, fr. L. revidere, revisum, to see again; pref. re-
re- + videre, visum, tosee. See Review, View.]

1. To look at again for the detection of errors; to reëxamine; to
review; to look over with care for correction; as, to revise a
writing; to revise a translation.

2. (Print.)

Defn: To compare (a proof) with a previous proof of the same matter,
and mark again such errors as have not been corrected in the type.

3. To review, alter, and amend; as, to revise statutes; to revise an
agreement; to revise a dictionary. The Revised Version of the Bible,
a version prepared in accordance with a resolution passed, in 1870,
by both houses of the Convocation of the Province of Canterbury,
England. Both English and American revisers were employed on the
work. It was first published in a complete form in 1885, and is a
revised form of the Authorized Version. See Authorized Version, under
Authorized.

REVISE
Re*vise", n.

1. A review; a revision. Boyle.

2. (Print.)

Defn: A second proof sheet; a proof sheet taken after the first or a
subsequent correction.

REVISER
Re*vis"er, n.

Defn: One who revises.

REVISION
Re*vi"sion, n. Etym: [F. révision, L. revisio.]

1. The act of revising; reëxamination for correction; review; as, the
revision of a book or writing, or of a proof sheet; a revision of
statutes.

2. That which is made by revising.

Syn.
 -- Reëxamination; revisal; revise; review.

REVISIONAL; REVISIONARY
Re*vi"sion*al, Re*vi"sion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to revision; revisory.

REVISIT
Re*vis"it, v. t.

1. To visit again. Milton.

2. To revise. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

REVISITATION
Re*vis`it*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of revisiting.

REVISORY
Re*vi"so*ry, a.

Defn: Having the power or purpose to revise; revising. Story.

REVITALIZE
Re*vi"tal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To restore vitality to; to bring back to life. L. S. Beale.

REVIVABLE
Re*viv"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be revived.

REVIVAL
Re*viv"al, n. Etym: [From Revive.]

Defn: The act of reviving, or the state of being revived.
Specifically:
(a) Renewed attention to something, as to letters or literature.
(b) Renewed performance of, or interest in, something, as the drama
and literature.
(c) Renewed interest in religion, after indifference and decline; a
period of religious awakening; special religious interest.
(d) Reanimation from a state of langour or depression; -- applied to
the health, spirits, and the like.
(e) Renewed pursuit, or cultivation, or flourishing state of
something, as of commerce, arts, agriculture.
(f) Renewed prevalence of something, as a practice or a fashion.
(g) (Law) Restoration of force, validity, or effect; renewal; as, the
revival of a debt barred by limitation; the revival of a revoked
will, etc.
(h) Revivification, as of a metal. See Revivification, 2.

REVIVALISM
Re*viv"al*ism, n.

Defn: The spirit of religious revivals; the methods of revivalists.

REVIVALIST
Re*viv"al*ist, n.

Defn: A clergyman or layman who promotes revivals of religion; an
advocate for religious revivals; sometimes, specifically, a
clergyman, without a particular charge, who goes about to promote
revivals. Also used adjectively.

REVIVALISTIC
Re*viv`al*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to revivals.

REVIVE
Re*vive", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Revived; p. pr. & vb. n. Reviving.]
Etym: [F. revivere, L. revivere; pref. re- re- + vivere to live. See
Vivid.]

1. To return to life; to recover life or strength; to live anew; to
become reanimated or reinvigorated. Shak.
The Lord heard the voice of Elijah; and the soul of the child came
into again, and he revived. 1 Kings xvii. 22.

2. Hence, to recover from a state of oblivion, obscurity, neglect, or
depression; as, classical learning revived in the fifteenth century.

3. (Old Chem.)

Defn: To recover its natural or metallic state, as a metal.

REVIVE
Re*vive", v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. reviver. See Revive, v. i.]

1. To restore, or bring again to life; to reanimate.
Those bodies, by reason of whose mortality we died, shall be revived.
Bp. Pearson.

2. To raise from coma,, languor, depression, or discouragement; to
bring into action after a suspension.
Those gracious words revive my drooping thoughts. Shak.
Your coming, friends, revives me. Milton.

3. Hence, to recover from a state of neglect or disuse; as, to revive
letters or learning.

4. To renew in the mind or memory; to bring to recollection; to
recall attention to; to reawaken. "Revive the libels born to die."
Swift.
The mind has a power in many cases to revive perceptions which it has
once had. Locke.

5. (Old Chem.)

Defn: To restore or reduce to its natural or metallic state; as, to
revive a metal after calcination.

REVIVEMENT
Re*vive"ment, n.

Defn: Revival. [R.]

REVIVER
Re*viv"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, revives.

REVIVIFICATE
Re`vi*vif"i*cate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + vivificate: cf. L.
revivificare, revivificatum. Cf. Revivify.]

Defn: To revive; to recall or restore to life. [R.]

REVIVIFICATION
Re*viv`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. révivification.]

1. Renewal of life; restoration of life; the act of recaling, or the
state of being recalled, to life.

2. (Old Chem.)

Defn: The reduction of a metal from a state of combination to its
metallic state.

REVIVIFY
Re*viv"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. révivifier, L. revivificare. See
Vivify.]

Defn: To cause to revive.
Some association may revivify it enough to make it flash, after a
long oblivion, into consciousness. Sir W. Hamilton.

REVIVING
Re*viv"ing, a. & n.

Defn: Returning or restoring to life or vigor; reanimating. Milton.
 -- Re*viv"ing*ly, adv.

REVIVISCENCE; REVIVISCENCY
Rev`i*vis"cence, Rev`i*vis"cen*cy, n.

Defn: The act of reviving, or the state of being revived; renewal of
life.
In this age we have a sort of reviviscence, not, I fear, of the
power, but of a taste for the power, of the early times. Coleridge.

REVIVISCENT
Rev`i*vis"cent, a. Etym: [L. reviviscens, p. pr. ofreviviscere to
revive; pref. re- re- + viviscere, v. incho. fr. vivere to live.]

Defn: Able or disposed to revive; reviving. E. Darwin.

REVIVOR
Re*viv"or, n. (Eng. Law)

Defn: Revival of a suit which is abated by the death or marriage of
any of the parties, -- done by a bill of revivor. Blackstone.

REVOCABILITY
Rev`o*ca*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being revocable; as, the revocability of a law.

REVOCABLE
Rev"o*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. revocabilis: cf. F. révocable. See
Revoke.]

Defn: Capable of being revoked; as, a revocable edict or grant; a
revocable covenant.
 -- Rev"o*ca*ble*ness, n.
 -- Rev"o*ca*bly, adv.

REVOCATE
Rev"o*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. revocatus, p. p. of revocare. See
Revoke.]

Defn: To recall; to call back. [Obs.]

REVOCATION
Rev`o*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. revocatio: cf. F. révocation.]

1. The act of calling back, or the state of being recalled; recall.
One that saw the people bent for the revocation of Calvin, gave him
notice of their affection. Hooker.

2. The act by which one, having the right, annuls an act done, a
power or authority given, or a license, gift, or benefit conferred;
repeal; reversal; as, the revocation of an edict, a power, a will, or
a license.

REVOCATORY
Rev"o**ca*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. revocatorius: cf. F. révocatoire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to revocation; tending to, or involving, a
revocation; revoking; recalling.

REVOICE
Re*voice", v. t.

Defn: To refurnish with a voice; to refit, as an organ pipe, so as to
restore its tone.

REVOKE
Re*voke", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revoked;p. pr. & vb. n. Revoking.]
Etym: [F. révoquer, L. revocare; pref. re- re- + vocare to call, fr.
vox, vocis, voice. See Voice, and cf. Revocate.]

1. To call or bring back; to recall. [Obs.]
The faint sprite he did revoke again, To her frail mansion of
morality. Spenser.

2. Hence, to annul, by recalling or taking back; to repeal; to
rescind; to cancel; to reverse, as anything granted by a special act;
as, , to revoke a will, a license, a grant, a permission, a law, or
the like. Shak.

3. To hold back; to repress; to restrain. [Obs.]
[She] still strove their sudden rages to revoke. Spenser.

4. To draw back; to withdraw. [Obs.] Spenser.

5. To call back to mind; to recollect. [Obs.]
A man, by revoking and recollecting within himself former passages,
will be still apt to inculcate these sad memoris to his conscience.
South.

Syn.
 -- To abolish; recall; repeal; rescind; countermand; annul;
abrogate; cancel; reverse. See Abolish.

REVOKE
Re*voke", v. i. (Card Playing)

Defn: To fail to follow suit when holding a card of the suit led, in
violation of the rule of the game; to renege. Hoyle.

REVOKE
Re*voke", n. (Card Playing)

Defn: The act of revoking.
She [Sarah Battle] never made a revoke. Lamb.

REVOKEMENT
Re*voke"ment, n.

Defn: Revocation. [R.] Shak.

REVOKER
Re*vok"er, n.

Defn: One who revokes.

REVOKINGLY
Re*vok"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of revocation.

REVOLT
Re*volt", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Revolted; p. pr. & vb. n. Revolting.]
Etym: [Cf. F. révoller, It. rivoltare. See Revolt, n.]

1. To turn away; to abandon or reject something; specifically, to
turn away, or shrink, with abhorrence.
But this got by casting pearl to hogs, That bawl for freedom in their
senseless mood, And still revolt when trith would set them free.
Milton.
HIs clear intelligence revolted from the dominant sophisms of that
time. J. Morley.

2. Hence, to be faithless; to desert one party or leader for another;
especially, to renounce allegiance or subjection; to rise against a
government; to rebel.
Our discontented counties do revolt. Shak.
Plant those that have revolted in the van. Shak.

3. To be disgusted, shocked, or grossly offended; hence, to feel
nausea; -- with at; as, the stomach revolts at such food; his nature
revolts at cruelty.

REVOLT
Re*volt", v. t.

1. To cause to turn back; to roll or drive back; to put to flight.
[Obs.] Spenser.

2. To do violence to; to cause to turn away or shrink with
abhorrence; to shock; as, to revolt the feelings.
This abominable medley is made rather to revolt young and ingenuous
minds. Burke.
To derive delight from what inflicts pain on any sentient creatuure
revolted his conscience and offended his reason. J. Morley.

REVOLT
Re*volt", n. Etym: [F. révolte, It. rivolta, fr. rivolto, p. p. fr.
L. revolvere, revolutum. See Revolve.]

1. The act of revolting; an uprising against legitimate authority;
especially, a renunciation of allegiance and subjection to a
government; rebellion; as, the revolt of a province of the Roman
empire.
Who first seduced them to that foul revolt Milton.

2. A revolter. [Obs.] "Ingrate revolts." Shak.

Syn.
 -- Insurrection; sedition; rebellion; mutiny. See Insurrection.

REVOLTER
Re*volt"er, n.

Defn: One who revolts.

REVOLTING
Re*volt"ing, a.

Defn: Causing abhorrence mixed with disgust; exciting extreme
repugnance; loathsome; as, revolting cruelty.
 -- Re*volt"ing*ly, adv.

REVOLUBLE
Rev"o*lu*ble, a. Etym: [L. revolubilis that may be rolled back. See
Revolve.]

Defn: Capable of revolving; rotatory; revolving. [Obs.]
Us, then, to whom the thrice three year Hath filled his revoluble orb
since our arrival here, I blame not. Chapman.

REVOLUTE
Rev"o*lute, a. Etym: [L. revolutus, p. p. of revolvere. See Revolve.]
(Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Rolled backward or downward.

Note: A revolute leaf is coiled downwards, with the lower surface
inside the coil. A leaf with revolute margins has the edges rolled
under, as in the Andromeda polifilia.

REVOLUTION
Rev`o*lu"tion, n. Etym: [F. révolution, L. revolutio. See Revolve.]

1. The act of revolving, or turning round on an axis or a center; the
motion of a body round a fixed point or line; rotation; as, the
revolution of a wheel, of a top, of the earth on its axis, etc.

2. Return to a point before occupied, or to a point relatively the
same; a rolling back; return; as, revolution in an ellipse or spiral.
That fear Comes thundering back, with dreadful revolution, On my
defenseless head. Milton.

3. The space measured by the regular return of a revolving body; the
period made by the regular recurrence of a measure of time, or by a
succession of similar events. "The short revolution of a day."
Dryden.

4. (Astron.)

Defn: The motion of any body, as a planet or satellite, in a curved
line or orbit, until it returns to the same point again, or to a
point relatively the same; -- designated as the annual, anomalistic,
nodical, sidereal, or tropical revolution, according as the point of
return or completion has a fixed relation to the year, the anomaly,
the nodes, the stars, or the tropics; as, the revolution of the earth
about the sun; the revolution of the moon about the earth.

Note: The term is sometimes applied in astronomy to the motion of a
single body, as a planet, about its own axis, but this motion is
usually called rotation.

5. (Geom.)

Defn: The motion of a point, line, or surface about a point or line
as its center or axis, in such a manner that a moving point generates
a curve, a moving line a surface (called a surface of revolution),
and a moving surface a solid (called a solid of revolution); as, the
revolution of a right-angled triangle about one of its sides
generates a cone; the revolution of a semicircle about the diameter
generates a sphere.

6. A total or radical change; as, a revolution in one's circumstances
or way of living.
The ability . . . of the great philosopher speedily produced a
complete revolution throughout the department. Macaulay.

7. (Politics)

Defn: A fundamental change in political organization, or in a
government or constitution; the overthrow or renunciation of one
government, and the substitution of another, by the governed.
The violence of revolutions is generally proportioned to the degree
of the maladministration which has produced them. Macaulay.

Note: When used without qualifying terms, the word is often applied
specifically, by way of eminence, to: (a) The English Revolution in
1689, when William of Orange and Mary became the reigning sovereigns,
in place of James II. (b) The American Revolution, beginning in 1775,
by which the English colonies, since known as the United States,
secured their independence. (c) The revolution in France in 1789,
commonly called the French Revolution, the subsequent revolutions in
that country being designated by their dates, as the Revolution of
1830, of 1848, etc.

REVOLUTIONARY
Rev`o*lu"tion*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. révolutionnaire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a revolution in government; tending to, or
promoting, revolution; as, revolutionary war; revolutionary measures;
revolutionary agitators.

REVOLUTIONARY
Rev`o*lu"tion*a*ry, n.

Defn: A revolutionist. [R.]
Dumfries was a Tory town, and could not tolerate a revolutionary.
Prof. Wilson.

REVOLUTIONER
Rev`o*lu"tion*er, n.

Defn: One who is engaged in effecting a revolution; a revolutionist.
Smollett.

REVOLUTIONISM
Rev`o*lu"tion*ism, n.

Defn: The state of being in revolution; revolutionary doctrines or
principles.

REVOLUTIONIST
Rev`o*lu"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One engaged in effecting a change of government; a favorer of
revolution. Burke.

REVOLUTIONIZE
Rev`o*lu"tion*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revolutioniezed; p. pr. & vb.
n. Revolutionizing().]

Defn: To change completely, as by a revolution; as, to revolutionize
a government. Ames.
The gospel . . . has revolutionized his soul. J. M. Mason.

REVOLUTIVE
Re*vol"u*tive, a.

Defn: Inclined to revolve things in the mind; meditative. [Obs.]
Feltham.

REVOLVABLE
Re*volv"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be revolved.

REVOLVE
Re*volve", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Revolved(); p. pr. & vb. n.
Revolving.] Etym: [L. revolvere, revolutum; pref. re- re- + volvere
to roll, turn round. See Voluble, and cf. Revolt, revolution.]

1. To turn or roll round on, or as on, an axis, like a wheel; to
rotate, -- which is the more specific word in this sense.
If the earth revolve thus, each house pear the equator must move a
thousand miles an hour. I. Watts.

2. To move in a curved path round a center; as, the planets revolve
round the sun.

3. To pass in cycles; as, the centuries revolve.

4. To return; to pass. [R.] Ayliffe.

REVOLVE
Re*volve", v. t.

1. To cause to turn, as on an axis.
Then in the east her turn she shines, Revolved on heaven's great
axile. Milton.

2. Hence, to turn over and over in the mind; to reflect repeatedly
upon; to consider all aspects of.
This having heard, straight I again revolved The law and prophets.
Milton.

REVOLVEMENT
Re*volve"ment, n.

Defn: Act of revolving. [R.]

REVOLVENCY
Re*volv"en*cy, n.

Defn: The act or state of revolving; revolution. [Archaic]
Its own revolvency upholds the world. Cowper.

REVOLVER
Re*volv"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, revolves; specifically, a firearm (
commonly a pistol) with several chambers or barrels so arranged as to
revolve on an axis, and be discharged in succession by the same lock;
a repeater.

REVOLVING
Re*volv"ing, a.

Defn: Making a revolution or revolutions; rotating; -- used also
figuratively of time, seasons, etc., depending on the revolution of
the earth.
But grief returns with the revolving year. Shelley.
Revolving seasons, fruitless as they pass. Cowper.
Revolving firearm. See Revolver.
 -- Revolving light, a light or lamp in a lighthouse so arranged as
to appear and disappear at fixed intervals, either by being turned
about an axis so as to show light only at intervals, or by having its
light occasionally intercepted by a revolving screen.

REVULSE
Re*vulse", v. t. Etym: [L. revulsus, p. p. of revellere.]

Defn: To pull back with force. [R.] Cowper.

REVULSION
Re*vul"sion, n. Etym: [F. révulsion, L. revulsio, fr. revellere,
revulsum, to pluck or pull away; pref. re- re- + vellere to pull. Cf.
Convulse.]

1. A strong pulling or drawing back; withdrawal. "Revulsions and
pullbacks." SSir T. Brovne.

2. A sudden reaction; a sudden and complete change; -- applied to the
feelings.
A sudden and violent revulsion of feeling, both in the Parliament and
the country, followed. Macaulay.

3. (Med.)

Defn: The act of turning or diverting any disease from one part of
the body to another. It resembles derivation, but is usually applied
to a more active form of counter irritation.

REVULSIVE
Re*vul"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. révulsif.]

Defn: Causing, or tending to, revulsion.

REVULSIVE
Re*vul"sive, n.

Defn: That which causes revulsion; specifically (Med.), a revulsive
remedy or agent.

REW
Rew, n. Etym: [See Row a series.]

Defn: A row. [Obs.] Chaucer. "A rew of sundry colored stones."
Chapman.

REWAKE
Re*wake"", v. t. & i.

Defn: To wake again.

REWARD
Re*ward", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rewarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Rewarding.]
Etym: [OF. rewarder, another form of regarder, of German origin. The
original sense is, to look at, regard, hence, to regard as worthy,
give a reward to. See Ward, Regard.]

Defn: To give in return, whether good or evil; -- commonly in a good
sense; to requite; to recompense; to repay; to compensate.
After the deed that is done, one doom shall reward, Mercy or no mercy
as truth will accord. Piers Plowman.
Thou hast rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded thee evil. 1 Sam.
xxiv. 17.
I will render vengeance to mine enemies, and will reward them that
hate me. Deut. xxxii. 41.
God rewards those that have made use of the single talent. Hammond.

REWARD
Re*ward", n. Etym: [See Reward, v., and cf. Regard, n.]

1. Regard; respect; consideration. [Obs.]
Take reward of thine own value. Chaucer.

2. That which is given in return for good or evil done or received;
esp., that which is offered or given in return for some service or
attainment, as for excellence in studies, for the return of something
lost, etc.; recompense; requital.
Thou returnest From flight, seditious angel, to receive Thy merited
reward. Milton.
Rewards and punishments do always presuppose something willingly done
well or ill. Hooker.

3. Hence, the fruit of one's labor or works.
The dead know not anything, neither have they any more a reward.
Eccl. ix. 5.

4. (Law)

Defn: Compensation or remuneration for services; a sum of money paid
or taken for doing, or forbearing to do, some act. Burrill.

Syn.
 -- Recompense; compensation; remuneration; pay; requital;
retribution; punishment.

REWARDABLE
Re*ward"a*ble, a.

Defn: Worthy of reward.
 -- Re*ward"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Re*ward"a*bly, adv.

REWARDER
Re*ward"er, n.

Defn: One who rewards.

REWARDFUL
Re*ward"ful, a.

Defn: Yielding reward. [R.]

REWARDLESS
Re*ward"less, a.

Defn: Having, or affording, no reward.

REWE
Rewe, v. t. & i.

Defn: Tu rue. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REWEL BONE
Rew"el bone`. Etym: [Perh. from F. rouelle, dim. of roue a wheel, L.
rota.]

Defn: An obsolete phrase of disputed meaning, -- perhaps, smooth or
polished bone.
His saddle was of rewel boon. Chaucer.

REWET
Rew"et, n. Etym: [See Rouet.]

Defn: A gunlock. [R.]

REWFUL
Rew"ful, a.

Defn: Rueful. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REWIN
Re*win", v. t.

Defn: To win again, or win back.
The Palatinate was not worth the rewinning. Fuller.

REWLE
Rewle, n. & v.

Defn: Rule. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REWME
Rewme, n.

Defn: Realm. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

REWORD
Re*word", v. t.

1. To repeat in the same words; to reëcho. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To alter the wording of; to restate in other words; as, to reword
an idea or a passage.

REWRITE
Re*write", v. t.

Defn: To write again. Young.

REWTH
Rewth, n.

Defn: Ruth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REX
Rex, n.; pl. Reges. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A king. To play rex, to play the king; to domineer. [Obs.]

REYN
Reyn, n.

Defn: Rain or rein. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REYNARD
Rey"nard, n.

Defn: An appelation applied after the manner of a proper name to the
fox. Same as Renard.

REYSE
Reyse, v. t.

Defn: To raise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REYSE
Reyse, v. i. Etym: [Cf. G. reisen to travel.]

Defn: To go on a military expedition. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REZ-DE-CHAUSSEE
Rez`-de-chaus`sée", n. [F., lit., level of the street. See Raze, v.
t., and Causey.] (Arch.)

Defn: The ground story of a building, either on a level with the
street or raised slightly above it; -- said esp. of buildings on the
continent of Europe.

Tier above tier of neat apartments rise over the little shops which
form the rez-de-chaussée.
The Century.

RHABARBARATE
Rha*bar"ba*rate, a. Etym: [From NL. rhabarbarum, an old name of
rhubarb. See Rhubarb.]

Defn: Impregnated or tinctured with rhubarb. Floyer.

RHABARBARIN; RHABARBARINE
Rha*bar"ba*rin, or; Rha*bar"ba*rine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Chrysophanic acid.

RHABDITE
Rhab"dite, n. Etym: [Gr. "ra`bdos a rod.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A minute smooth rodlike or fusiform structure found in the
tissues of many Turbellaria.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the hard parts forming the ovipositor of insects.

RHABDOCOELA
Rhab`do*coe"la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Turbellaria including those that have a simple
cylindrical, or saclike, stomach, without an intestine.

RHABDOCOELOUS
Rhab`do*coe"lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Rhabdocoela.

RHABDOIDAL
Rhab*doid"al, a.

Defn: See Sagittal.

RHABDOLITH
Rhab"do*lith, n. Etym: [Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + -lith.]

Defn: A minute calcareous rodlike structure found both at the surface
and the bottom of the ocean; -- supposed by some to be a calcareous
alga.

RHABDOLOGY
Rhab*dol"o*gy, n.

Defn: Same as Rabdology.

RHABDOM
Rhab"dom, n. Etym: [Gr. "ra`bdos a rod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of numerous minute rodlike structures formed of two or more
cells situated behind the retinulæ in the compound eyes of insects,
etc. See Illust. under Ommatidium.

RHABDOMANCY
Rhab"do*man`cy, n.

Defn: Same as Rabdomancy.

RHABDOMERE
Rhab"do*mere, n. Etym: [Rhabdom + -mere.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the several parts composing a rhabdom.

RHABDOPHORA
Rhab*doph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extinct division of Hydrozoa which includes the
graptolities.

RHABDOPLEURA
Rhab`do*pleu"ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine Bryozoa in which the tubular cells have a
centralchitinous axis and the tentacles are borne on a bilobed
lophophore. It is the type of the order Pterobranchia, or Podostomata

RHABDOSPHERE
Rhab"do*sphere, n. Etym: [Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + E. sphere.]

Defn: A minute sphere composed of rhabdoliths.

RHACHIALGIA
Rha`chi*al"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Rachialgia.

RHACHIDIAN
Rha*chid"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the rhachis; as, the rhachidian teeth of a
mollusk.

RHACHIGLOSSA
Rhach`i*glos"sa, n.pl. Etym: [NL. See Rhachis, and Glossa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of marine gastropods having a retractile proboscis
and three longitudinal rows of teeth on the radula. It includes many
of the large ornamental shells, as the miters, murices, olives,
purpuras, volutes, and whelks. See Illust. in Append.

RHACHILLA
Rha*chil"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "ra`chis the spine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A branch of inflorescence; the zigzag axis on which the florets
are arranged in the spikelets of grasses.

RHACHIODONT
Rha"chi*o*dont, a. Etym: [Gr. "ra`chis, -ios, the spine + (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having gular teeth formed by a peculiar modification of the
inferior spines of some of the vertebræ, as certain South African
snakes (Dasypelits) which swallow birds' eggs and use these gular
teeth to crush them.

RHACHIS
Rha"chis, n.; pl. E. Rhachises, L. Rhachides. Etym: [See Rachis.]
[Written also rechis.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The spine.

2. (Bot.)
(a) The continued stem or midrib of a pinnately compound leaf, as in
a rose leaf or a fern.
(b) The principal axis in a raceme, spike, panicle, or corymb.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) The shaft of a feather. The rhachis of the after-shaft, or
plumule, is called the hyporhachis.
(b) The central cord in the stem of a crinoid.
(c) The median part of the radula of a mollusk.
(d) A central cord of the ovary of nematodes.

RHACHITIS
Rha*chi"tis, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Rachitis.

RHADAMANTHINE
Rhad`a*man"thine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Rhadamanthus; rigorously just; as, a
Rhadamanthine judgment.

RHADAMANTHUS; RHADAMANTHYS
Rhad`a*man"thus, Rhad`a*man"thys, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Greek
Mythol.)

Defn: One of the three judges of the internal regions; figuratively,
a strictly just judge.

RHAETIAN
Rhae"ti*an, a & n.

Defn: Rhetian.

RHAETIC; RHETIC
Rhae"tic, Rhe"tic, a. Etym: [L. Rhaeticus Rhetian.] (Geol.)

Defn: Pertining to, or of the same horizon as, certain Mesozoic
strata of the Rhetian Alps. These strata are regarded as closing the
Triassic period. See the Chart of Geology.

RHAETIZITE; RHETIZITE
Rhae"ti*zite, Rhe"ti*zite, n. Etym: [So called from L. Rhaetia,
Raetia, the Rhetian Alps, where it is found.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of the mineral cyanite.

RHAMADAN
Rham`a*dan", n.

Defn: See Ramadan.

RHAMNACEOUS
Rham*na"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of shrubs and trees
(Rhamnaceæ, or Rhamneæ) of which the buckthorn (Rhamnus) is the type.
It includes also the New Jersey tea, the supple-jack, and one of the
plants called lotus (Zizyphus).

RHAMNUS
Rham"nus, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. rhamnos.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs and small trees; buckthorn. The California
Rhamnus Purchianus and the European R. catharticus are used in
medicine. The latter is used for hedges.

RHAMPHORHYNCHUS
Rham`pho*rhyn"chus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of pterodactyls in which the elongated tail supported a
leathery expansion at the tip.

RHAMPHOTHECA
Rham`pho*the"ca, n.; pl. Rhamphothecæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr (Zoöl.)

Defn: The horny covering of the bill of birds.

RHAPHE
Rha"phe, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The continuation of the seed stalk along the side of an
anatropous ovule or seed, forming a ridge or seam. [Written also
raphe.] Gray.

RHAPHIDES
Rhaph"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. raphides.] (Bot.)

Defn: Minute transparent, often needlle-shaped, crystals found in the
tissues of plants. [Written also raphides.]

RHAPONTICINE
Rha*pon"ti*cine (, n. Etym: [L. rhaponticum rhubarb. See Rhubarb.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Chrysophanic acid.

RHAPSODE
Rhap"sode, n. Etym: [Gr. Rhapsody.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A rhapsodist. [R.] Grote.

RHAPSODER
Rhap"so*der, n.

Defn: A rhapsodist. [Obs.]

RHAPSODIC; RHAPSODIC
Rhap*sod"ic, Rhap*sod"ic a. Etym: [Gr. rhapsodique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to rhapsody; consisting of rhapsody; hence,
confused; unconnected.
 -- Rhap*sod"ic*al*ly, adv.

RHAPSODIST
Rhap"so*dist, n. Etym: [From Rhapsody.]

1. Anciently, one who recited or composed a rhapsody; especially, one
whose profession was to recite the verses of Hormer and other epic
poets.

2. Hence, one who recites or sings poems for a livelihood; one who
makes and repeats verses extempore.
The same populace sit for hours listening to rhapsodists who recite
Ariosto. Carlyle.

3. One who writes or speaks disconnectedly and with great excitement
or affectation of feeling. I. Watts.

RHAPSODIZE
Rhap"so*dize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rhapsodized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rhapsodizing.]

Defn: To utter as a rhapsody, or in the manner of a rhapsody Sterne.

RHAPSODIZE
Rhap"so*dize, v. i.

Defn: To utter rhapsodies. Jefferson.

RHAPSODOMANCY
Rhap"so*do*man`cy, n. Etym: [Rhapsody + -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by means of verses.

RHAPSODY
Rhap"so*dy, n.; pl. Rhapsodies. Etym: [F. rhapsodie, L. rhapsodia,
Gr. Ode.]

1. A recitation or song of a rhapsodist; a portion of an epic poem
adapted for recitation, or usually recited, at one time; hence, a
division of the Iliad or the Odyssey; -- called also a book.

2. A disconnected series of sentences or statements composed under
excitement, and without dependence or natural connection; rambling
composition. "A rhapsody of words." Shak. "A rhapsody of tales."
Locke.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A composition irregular in form, like an improvisation; as,
Liszt's "Hungarian Rhapsodies."

RHATANY; RHATANHY
Rhat"a*ny, Rhat"an*hy, n. Etym: [Sp. ratania, rataña, Peruv. rataña.]

Defn: The powerfully astringent root of a half-shrubby Peruvian plant
(Krameria triandra). It is used in medicine and to color port wine.
[Written also ratany.] Savanilla rhatany, the root of Krameria Ixina,
a native of New Granada.

RHEA
Rhe"a, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The ramie or grass-cloth plant. See Grass-cloth plant, under
Grass.

RHEA
Rhe"a, n. Etym: [L., a proper name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of three species of large South American ostrichlike
birds of the genera Rhea and Pterocnemia. Called also the American
ostrich.

Note: The common rhea, or nandou (Rhea Americana), ranges from Brazil
to Patagonia. Darwin's rhea (Pterocnemia Darwinii), of Patagonia, is
smaller, and has the legs feathered below the knee.

RHEAE
Rhe"æ, n.pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of struthious birds including the rheas.

RHEEBOC
Rhee"boc, n. Etym: [D. reebok roebuck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The peele. [Written also reebok.]

RHEIC
Rhe"ic, a. Etym: [NL. Rheum rhubarb, Gr. Rhubarb.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (commonly called
chrysophanic acid) found in rhubarb (Rheum). [Obsoles.]

RHEIN
Rhe"in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Chrysophanic acid.

RHEINBERRY
Rhein"ber*ry, n. Etym: [G. rheinbeere.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the berries or drupes of the European buckthorn; also,
the buckthorn itself.

RHEMATIC
Rhe*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Rhetoric.] (Gram.)

Defn: Having a verb for its base; derived from a verb; as, rhematic
adjectives. Ftzed. Hall.

RHEMATIC
Rhe*mat"ic, n.

Defn: The doctrine of propositions or sentences. Coleridge.

RHEMISH
Rhemish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Rheimis, or Reima, in France. Rhemish
Testament, the English version of the New Testament used by Roman
Catholics. See Douay Bible.

RHENISH
Rhen"ish, a. Etym: [L. Rhenus the Rhine. ]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the river Rhine; as, Rhenish wine.
 -- n.

Defn: Rhine wine.

RHEOCHORD
Rhe"o*chord, n. Etym: [Gr. (Elec.)

Defn: A metallic wire used for regulating the resistance of a
circuit, or varying the strength of an electric current, by inserting
a greater or less length of it in the circuit.

RHEOCRAT
Rhe"o*crat, n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + kratei^n to rule.] (Elec.)

Defn: A kind of motor speed controller permitting of very gradual
variation in speed and of reverse. It is especially suitable for use
with motor driven machine tools.

RHEOMETER
Rhe*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] [Written also reometer.]

1. (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring currents, especially the force or
intensity of electrical currents; a galvanometer.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the velocity of the blood current
in the arteries.

RHEOMETRIC
Rhe`o*met"ric, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a rheometer or rheometry. Lardner.

RHEOMETRY
Rhe*om"e*try, n.

1. The measurement of the force or intensity of currents.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The calculus; fluxions. [R.]

RHEOMOTOR
Rhe"o*mo`tor, n. Etym: [Gr.motor.] (Elec.)

Defn: Any apparatus by which an electrical current is originated.
[R.]

RHEOPHORE
Rhe"o*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Elec.)
(a) A connecting wire of an electric or voltaic apparatus, traversed
by a current.
(b) One of the poles of a voltaic battery; an electrode.

RHEOSCOPE
Rhe"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for detecting the presence or movement of
currents, as of electricity.

RHEOSTAT
Rhe"o*stat, n. Etym: [Gr. (Elec.)

Defn: A contrivance for adjusting or regulating the strength of
electrical currents, operating usually by the intercalation of
resistance which can be varied at will. Wheatstone. --Rhe`o*stat"ic,
a.

RHEOTOME
Rhe"o*tome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Elec.)

Defn: An instrument which periodically or otherwise interrupts an
electric current. Wheatstone.

RHEOTROPE
Rhe"o*trope, n. Etym: [Gr. (Elec.)

Defn: An instrument for reversing the direction of an electric
current. [Written also reotrope.]

RHESUS
Rhe"sus, n. Etym: [L. Rhesus, a proper name, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A monkey; the bhunder.

RHETIAN
Rhe"ti*an, a. Etym: [L. Rhaetius, Raetius: cf. F. rhétien.]

Defn: Pertaining to the ancient Rhæti, or Rhætians, or to Rhætia,
their country; as, the Rhetian Alps, now the country of Tyrol and the
Grisons.

RHETIC
Rhe"tic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Rhætic.

RHETIZITE
Rhe"ti*zite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Rhætizite.

RHETOR
Rhe"tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A rhetorician. [Obs.] Hammond.

RHETORIC
Rhet"o*ric, n. Etym: [F. rhétorique, L. rhetorica, Gr. word; cf.

1. The art of composition; especially, elegant composition in prose.

2. Oratory; the art of speaking with propriety, elegance, and force.
Locke.

3. Hence, artificial eloquence; fine language or declamation without
conviction or earnest feeling.

4. Fig. : The power of persuasion or attraction; that which allures
or charms.
Sweet, silent rhetoric of persuading eyes. Daniel.

RHETORICAL
Rhe*tor"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. rhetoricus, Gr. Rhetoric.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to rhetoric; according to, or exhibiting,
rhetoric; oratorical; as, the rhetorical art; a rhetorical treatise;
a rhetorical flourish.
They permit him to leave their poetical taste ungratified, provided
that he gratifies their rhetorical sense. M. Arnold.
-- Rhe*tor"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Rhe*tor"ic*al*ness, n.

RHETORICATE
Rhe*tor"i*cate, v. i. Etym: [L. rhetoricari. See Rhetoric.]

Defn: To play the orator. [Obs.] South.

RHETORICATION
Rhe*tor`i*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rhétorication.]

Defn: Rhetorical amplification. [Obs.] Waterland.

RHETORICIAN
Rhet`o*ri"cian, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rhétoricien.]

1. One well versed in the rules and principles of rhetoric.
The understanding is that by which a man becomes a mere logician and
a mere rhetorician. F. W. Robertson.

2. A teacher of rhetoric.
The ancient sophists and rhetoricians, which ever had young auditors,
lived till they were an hundred years old. Bacon.

3. An orator; specifically, an artificial orator without genuine
eloquence; a declaimer. Macaulay.

RHETORICIAN
Rhet`o*ri"cian, a.

Defn: Suitable to a master of rhetoric. "With rhetorician pride."
Blackmore.

RHETORIZE
Rhet"o*rize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rhetorized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rhetorizing.]

Defn: To play the orator. Colgrave.

RHETORIZE
Rhet"o*rize, v. t.

Defn: To represent by a figure of rhetoric, or by personification.
Milton.

RHEUM
Rhe"um, n. Etym: [NL., from L. Rha the river Volga, on the banks of
which it grows. See Rhubarb.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants. See Rhubarb.

RHEUM
Rheum, n. Etym: [OF. reume, rheume, F. rhume a cold,, L. rheuma
rheum, from Gr. stream. See Stream, n., and cf. Hemorrhoids.] (Med.)

Defn: A serous or mucous discharge, especially one from the eves or
nose.
I have a rheum in mine eyes too. Shak.
Salt rheum. (Med.) See Salt rheum, in the Vocab.

RHEUMATIC
Rheu*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. rheumaticus, F. rhumatique. See Rheum,
Rheumatism.]

1. Derived from, or having the character of, rheum; rheumic. [Obs.]

2. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to rheumatism; as, rheumatic pains or
affections; affected with rheumatism; as, a rheumatic old man;
causing rheumatism; as, a rheumatic day.
That rheumatic diseases do abound. Shak.

RHEUMATIC
Rheu*mat"ic, n.

Defn: One affected with rheumatism.

RHEUMATISM
Rheu"ma*tism, n. Etym: [L. rheumatismus rheum, Gr. rheumatisme. See
2d Rheum.] (Med.)

Defn: A general disease characterized by painful, often multiple,
local inflammations, usually affecting the joints and muscles, but
also extending sometimes to the deeper organs, as the heart.
Inflammatory rheumatism (Med.), acute rheumatism attended with fever,
and attacking usually the larger joints, which become swollen, hot,
and very painful.
 -- Rheumatism root. (Bot.) See Twinleaf.

RHEUMATISMAL
Rheu`ma*tis"mal, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to rheumatism.

RHEUMATISMOID
Rheu`ma*tis"moid, a. Etym: [Rheumatism + -oid.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or resembling rheum or rheumatism.

RHEUMIC
Rheum"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, rheum. Rheumic diathesis.
See Dartrous diathesis, under Dartrous.

RHEUMIDES
Rheu"mi*des, n.pl. Etym: [NL. See Rheum.] (Med.)

Defn: The class of skin disease developed by the dartrous diathesis.
See under Dartrous.

RHEUMY
Rheum"y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to rheum; abounding in, or causing, rheum;
affected with rheum.
His head and rheumy eyes distill in showers. Dryden.
And tempt the rheumy and unpurged air To add unto his sickness. Shak.

RHIGOLENE
Rhig"o*lene, n. Etym: [Gr. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A mixture of volatile hydrocarbons intermediate between gsolene
and cymogene. It is obtained in the purification of crude petroleum,
and is used as a refregerant.

RHIME
Rhime, n.

Defn: See Rhyme. [Obs.]

RHINAL
Rhi"nal, a. Etym: [Gr (Anat.)

Defn: Og or pertaining to the nose or olfactory organs.

RHINASTER
Rhi*nas"ter, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The borele.

RHINE
Rhine, n. Etym: [AS. ryne. See Run.]

Defn: A water course; a ditch. [Written also rean.] [Prov. Eng.]
Macaulay.

RHINENCEPHALIC
Rhi`nen*ce*phal"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the rhinencephalon.

RHINENCEPHALON
Rhi`nen*ceph"a*lon, n.; pl. Rhinencephala. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Anat.)

Defn: The division of the brain in front of the prosencephalon,
consisting of the two olfactory lobes from which the olfactory nerves
arise.

Note: The term is sometimes used for one of the olfactory lobes, the
plural being used for the two taken together.

RHINESTONE
Rhine"stone`, n. Etym: [Cf. G. rheinkiesel Rhine quartz.]

Defn: A colorless stone of high luster, made of paste. It is much
used as an inexpensive ornament.

RHINITIS
Rhi*ni"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Infllammation of the nose; esp., inflammation of the mucous
membrane of the nostrils.

RHINO
Rhi*no, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Gold and silver, or money. [Cant] W. Wagstaffe.
As long as the rhino lasted. Marryat.

RHINO-
Rhi"no-.

Defn: A combining form from Greek the nose, as in rhinolith,
rhinology.

RHINOCERIAL; RHINOCERICAL
Rhi`no*ce"ri*al, Rhi`no*cer"ic*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the rhinoceros; resembling the rhinoceros,
or his horn. Tatler.

RHINOCEROS
Rhi*noc"e*ros, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. rhinocéros. See Horn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any pachyderm belonging to the genera Rhinoceros, Atelodus, and
several allied genera of the family Rhinocerotidæ, of which several
living, and many extinct, species are known. They are large and
powerful, and usually have either one or two stout conical median
horns on the snout.

Note: The Indian, or white, and the Javan rhinoceroses (Rhinoceros
Indicus and R. Sondaicus) have incisor and canine teeth, but only one
horn, and the very thick skin forms shieldlike folds. The two or
three African species belong to Atelodus, and have two horns, but
lack the dermal folds, and the incisor and canine teeth. The two
Malay, or East Indian, two-horned species belong to Ceratohinus, in
which incisor and canine teeth are present. See Borele, and Keitloa.
Rhinoceros auk (Zoöl.), an auk of the North Pacific (Cerorhina
monocrata) which has a deciduous horn on top of the bill.
 -- Rhinoceros beetle (Zoöl.), a very large beetle of the genus
Dynastes, having a horn on the head.
 -- Rhinoceros bird. (Zoöl.) (a) A large hornbill (Buceros
rhinoceros), native of the East Indies. It has a large hollow
hornlike process on the bill. Called also rhinoceros hornbill. See
Hornbill. (b) An African beefeater (Buphaga Africana). It alights on
the back of the rhinoceros in search of parasitic insects.

RHINOCEROTE
Rhi*noc"e*rote, n.

Defn: A rhinoceros. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

RHINOCEROTIC
Rhi*noc`e*rot"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the rhinoceros. [R.]

RHINOLITE; RHINOLITH
Rhi"no*lite Rhi"no*lith, n. Etym: [Rhino- + -lite, -lith.] (Med.)

Defn: A concretion formed within the cavities of the nose.

RHINOLOGICAL
Rhi`no*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to rhinology.

RHINOLOGIST
Rhi*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One skilled in rhinology.

RHINOLOGY
Rhi*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Rhino- + -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of the nose, and its diseases.

RHINOLOPHID
Rhi*nol"o*phid, n. Etym: [Rhino- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of the genus Rhinilophus, or family Rhinolophidæ,
having a horseshoe-shaped nasal crest; a horseshoe bat.

RHINOLOPHINE
Rhi*nol"o*phine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the rhinolophids, or horseshoe bats.

RHINOPHORE
Rhi"no*phore, n. Etym: [Rhino- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the two tentacle-like organs on the back of the head or
neck of a nudibranch or tectibranch mollusk. They are usually
retractile, and often transversely furrowed or plicate, and are
regarded as olfactory organs. Called also dorsal tentacles. See
Illust. under Pygobranchia, and Opisthobranchia.

RHINOPLASTIC
Rhi`no*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Rhino- + -plastic: cf. F. rhinoplastique.]
(Surg.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to rhinoplasty; as, a rhinoplastic operation.

RHINOPLASTY
Rhi"no*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Rhino- + -plasty: cf. F. rhinoplastie.]

Defn: Plastic surgery of the nose to correct deformity or to replace
lost tissue. Tissue may be transplanted from the patient's cheek,
forehead, arm, etc., or even from another person.

RHINOPOME
Rhi"no*pome, n. Etym: [Rhino- + Gr. pw^ma a lid. ] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any old-world bat of the genus Rhinopoma. The rhinopomes have a
long tail extending beyond the web, and inhabit caves and tombs.

RHINOSCLEROMA
Rhi`no*scle*ro"ma, n. Etym: [Rhino- + scleroma.] (Med.)

Defn: A rare disease of the skin, characterized by the development of
very hard, more or less flattened, prominences, appearing first upon
the nose and subsequently upon the neighboring parts, esp. the lips,
palate, and throat. J. V. Shoemaker.

RHINOSCOPE
Rhi"no*scope, n. Etym: [Rhino- + -scope.]

Defn: A small mirror for use in rhinoscopy.

RHINOSCOPIC
Rhi`no*scop"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to rhinoscopy.

RHINOSCOPY
Rhi*nos"co*py, n. Etym: [Rhino- + -scopy.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The examination or study of the soft palate, posterior nares,
etc., by means of a laryngoscopic mirror introduced into the pharynx.

RHINOTHECA
Rhi`no*the"ca, n.; pl. Rhinothecæ. Etym: [NL., from gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sheath of the upper mandible of a bird.

RHIPIDOGLOSSA
Rhi*pi`do*glos"sa, n.pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of gastropod mollusks having a large number of long,
divergent, hooklike, lingual teeth in each transverse row. It
includes the scutibranchs. See Illustration in Appendix.

RHIPIPTER
Rhi*pip"ter, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Rhipiptera, a group of insects having wings which
fold like a fan; a strepsipter.

RHIPIPTERAN
Rhi*pip"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Rhipipter.

RHIZANTHOUS
Rhi*zan"thous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Producing flowers from a rootstock, or apparently from a root.

RHIZINE
Rhi"zine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A rootlike filament or hair growing from the stems of mosses or
on lichens; a rhizoid.

RHIZOCARPOUS
Rhi`zo*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having perennial rootstocks or bulbs, but annual flowering
stems; -- said of all perennial herbs.

RHIZOCEPHALA
Rhi`zo*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Pectostraca including saclike parasites of
Crustacea. They adhere by rootlike extensions of the head. See
Illusration in Appendix.

RHIZODONT
Rhiz"o*dont, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A reptile whose teeth are rooted in sockets, as the crocodile.

RHIZOGAN
Rhiz"o*gan, a. Etym: [Gr. -gen: cf. F. rhizogène.] (Bot.)

Defn: Prodicing roots.

RHIZOGEN
Rhiz"o*gen, n. (Bot.)

Defn: One of a proposed class of flowering plants growning on the
roots of other plants and destitute of green foliage.

RHIZOID
Rhi"zoid, n. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Bot.)

Defn: A rootlike appendage.

RHIZOMA
Rhi*zo"ma, n.; pl. Rhizomata. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: SAme as Rhizome.

RHIZOMATOUS
Rhi*zo"ma*tous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the nature or habit of a rhizome or rootstock.

RHIZOME
Rhi*zome", n. Etym: [Gr. rhizome.] (Bot.)

Defn: A rootstock. See Rootstock.

RHIZOPHAGA
Rhi*zoph"a*ga, n.pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of marsupials. The wombat is the type.

RHIZOPHAGOUS
Rhi*zoph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Feeding on roots; root-eating.

RHIZOPHORA
Rhi*zoph"o*ra, n. Etym: [NL. See Rhizophorous.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees including the mangrove. See Mangrove.

RHIZOPHOROUS
Rhi*zoph"o*rous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing roots.

RHIZOPOD
Rhiz"o*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Rhizopoda.

Note: The rhizopods belonging to the Radiolaria and Foraminifera have
been of great geological importance, especially in the Cretaceous and
Tertiary periods. Chalk is mostly made from the shells of
Foraminifera. The nummulites are the principal ingredient of a
limestone which is of great extent in Europe and Asia, and is the
material of which some of the pyramids of Egypt are made. The shells
are abundant in deepsea mud, and are mostly minute, seldom larger
than a small grain of sand, except in the case of the nummulities,
which are sometimes an inch in diameter.

RHIZOPODA
Rhi*zop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive class of Protozoa, including those which have
pseudopodia, by means of which they move about and take their food.
The principal groups are Lobosa (or Amoebea), Helizoa, Radiolaria,
and Foraminifera (or Reticularia). See Protozoa.

RHIZOPODOUS
Rhi*zop"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the rhizopods.

RHIZOSTOMATA
Rhi`zo*stom"a*ta, n.pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Medusæ which includes very large species without
marginal tentacles, but having large mouth lobes closely united at
the edges. See Illust. in Appendix.

RHIZOSTOME
Rhiz"o*stome, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Rhizostomata.

RHIZOTAXIS
Rhi`zo*tax"is, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The arrangement of the roots of plants.

RHOB
Rhob, n.

Defn: See 1st Rob.

RHODAMMONIUM
Rho`dam*mo"ni*um, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, rhodium and
ammonia; -- said of certain complex compounds.

RHODANATE
Rho"da*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of rhodanic acid; a sulphocyanate. [Obsoles.]

RHODANIC
Rho*dan"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (commonly called
sulphocyanic acid) which frms a red color with ferric salts.
[Obsoles.]

RHODEORETIN
Rho`de*o*re"tin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Convolvuln.

RHODIAN
Rho"di*an, a. Etym: [L. Rhodius: cf. F. rhodien.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Rhodes, an island of the Mediterranean.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Rhodes.

RHODIC
Rho"dic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to rhodium; containing rhodium.

RHODIUM
Rho"di*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "ro`don the rose. So called from
the rose-red color of certain of its solutions. See Rhododendron.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A rare element of the light platinum group. It is found in
platinum ores, and obtained free as a white inert metal which it is
very difficult to fuse. Symbol Rh. Atomic weight 104.1. Specific
gravity 12.

RHODIZONIC
Rho`di*zon"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a colorless crystalline
substance (called rhodizonic acid, and carboxylic acid) obtained from
potassium carboxide and from certain quinones. It forms brilliant
red, yellow, and purple salts.

RHODOCHROSITE
Rho`do*chro"site, n. Etym: [Gr. "ro`don the rose + (Min.)

Defn: Manganese carbonate, a rose-red mineral sometimes occuring
crystallized, but generally massive with rhombohedral cleavage like
calcite; -- called also dialogite.

RHODOCRINITE
Rho*doc"ri*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. "ro`don rose + (Paleon.)

Defn: A rose encrinite.

RHODODENDRON
Rho`do*den"dron, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. "rodo`dendron, literally, rose
tree; "ro`don rose + de`ndron tree. See Rose.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs or small trees, often having handsome
evergreen leaves, and remarkable for the beauty of their flowers;
rosebay.

RHODOMONTADE
Rhod`o*mon*tade", n.

Defn: See Rodomontade.

RHODOMONTADER
Rhod`o*mon*tad"er, n.

Defn: See Rodomontador.

RHODONITE
Rho"don*ite, n. Etym: [Gr. "ro`don the rose. ] (Min.)

Defn: Manganese spar, or silicate of manganese, a mineral occuring
crystallised and in rose-red masses. It is often used as an
ornamental stone.

RHODOPHANE
Rho"do*phane, n. Etym: [Gr. "ro`don the rose + (Physiol.)

Defn: The red pigment contained in the inner segments of the cones of
the retina in animals. See Chromophane. W. KÜhne.

RHODOPSIN
Rho*dop"sin, n. Etym: [Gr. "ro`don rose + "w`ps eye.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The visual purple. See under Visual.

RHODOSPERM
Rho"do*sperm, n. Etym: [Gr. "ro`don the rose + spe`rma a seed.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Any seaweed with red spores.

Note: As the name of a subclass, Rhodosperms, or Rhodospermeæ, is
synonymous with Florideæ (which see.)

RHOMB
Rhomb, n. Etym: [L. rhombus, Gr. wrench: cf. F. rhombe. Cf. Rhombus,
Rhumb.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: An equilateral parallelogram, or quadrilateral figure whose
sides are equal and the opposite sides parallel. The angles may be
unequal, two being obtuse and two acute, as in the cut, or the angles
may be equal, in which case it is usually called a square.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A rhombohedron. Fresnel's rhomb (Opt.), a rhomb or oblique
parallelopiped of crown or St. Gobain glass so cut that a ray of
light entering one of its faces at right angles shall emerge at right
angles at the opposite face, after undergoing within the rhomb, at
other faces, two reflections. It is used to produce a ray circularly
polarized from a plane-polarized ray, or the reverse. Nichol.

RHOMBIC
Rhom"bic, a.

1. Shaped like a rhomb.

2. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Same as Orthorhombic.

RHOMBOGANOID
Rhom`bo*ga"noid, n. Etym: [Rhomb + ganoid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A ganoid fish having rhombic enameled scales; one of the
Rhomboganoidei.

RHOMBOGANOIDEI
Rhom`bo*ga*noi"de*i, n.pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Ginglymodi.

RHOMBOGENE
Rhom"bo*gene, n. Etym: [Rhomb + root of Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dicyemid which produces infusorialike embryos; -- opposed to
nematogene. See Dicyemata. [Written also rhombogen.]

RHOMBOHEDRAL
Rhom`bo*he"dral, a. (Geom. & Crystallog.)

Defn: Related to the rhombohedron; presenting the form of a
rhombohedron, or a form derivable from a rhombohedron; relating to a
system of forms including the rhombohedron and scalenohedron.
Rhombohedral iron ore (Min.) See Hematite.
 -- Rhombohedral system (Crystallog.), a division of the hexagonal
system embracing the rhombohedron, scalenohedron, etc.

RHOMBOHEDRIC
Rhom`bo*hed"ric, a. (Geom. & Crystallog.)

Defn: Rhombohedral.

RHOMBOHEDRON
Rhom`bo*he"dron, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Geom. & Crystallog.)

Defn: A solid contained by six rhomboids; a parallelopiped.

RHOMBOID
Rhom"boid, n. Etym: [Gr. rhomboïde.] (Geom.)

Defn: An oblique-angled parallelogram like a rhomb, but having only
the opposite sides equal, the length and with being different.

RHOMBOID
Rhom"boid, a.

Defn: Same as Rhomboidal.

RHOMBOIDAL
Rhom*boid"al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rhomboïdal.]

Defn: Having, or approaching, the shape of a rhomboid.

RHOMBOIDES
Rhom*boid"es, n.

Defn: A rhomboid. [R.] Milton.

RHOMBOID-OVATE
Rhom`boid-o"vate, a.

Defn: Between rhomboid and ovate, or oval, in shape.

RHOMB SPAR
Rhomb" spar`. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of dolomite.

RHOMBUS
Rhom"bus, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Same as Rhomb, 1.

RHONCHAL
Rhon`chal, a. (Med.)

Defn: Rhonchial.

RHONCHIAL
Rhon"chi*al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a rhonchus; produced by rhonchi. Rhonchial
fremitus. Etym: [L. fremitus a dull roaring or murmuring.] (Med.) A
vibration of the chest wall that may be felt by the hand laid upon
its surface. It is caused in the production of rhonchi in the
bronchial tubes.

RHONCHISONANT
Rhon*chis"o*nant, a. Etym: [L. rhonchus a snoring + sonans, p. pr. of
sonare to sound.]

Defn: Making a snorting noise; snorting. [R.]

RHONCHUS
Rhon"chus, n.; pl. Rhonchi. Etym: [L., a snoring, a croaking.] (Med.)

Defn: An adventitious whistling or snoring sound heard on
auscultation of the chest when the air channels are partially
obstructed. By some writers the term rhonchus is used as equivalent
to râle in its widest sense. See Râle.

RHOPALIC
Rho*pal"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. rhopalique.] (Pros.)

Defn: Applied to a line or verse in which each successive word has
one more syllable than the preceding.

RHOPALIUM
Rho*pa"li*um, n.; pl. Rhopalia. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the marginal sensory bodies of medusæ belonging to the
Discophora.

RHOPALOCERA
Rhop`a*loc"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Lepidoptera including all the butterflies. They
differ from other Lepidoptera in having club-shaped antennæ.

RHOTACISM
Rho"ta*cism, n. Etym: [Gr. "rwtaki`zein to use the letter r (r)
overmuch: cf. F. rhotacisme.]

Defn: An oversounding, or a misuse, of the letter r; specifically
(Phylol.), the tendency, exhibited in the Indo-European languages, to
change s to r, as wese to were.

RHUBARB
Rhu"barb, n. Etym: [F. rhubarbe, OF. rubarbe, rheubarbe, reubarbare,
reobarbe, LL. rheubarbarum for rheum barbarum, Gr. Rha (the Volga) on
whose banks it grew. Originally, therefore, it was the barbarian
plant from the Rha. Cf. Barbarous, Rhaponticine.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several large perennial herbs of the genus Rheum
and order Polygonaceæ.

2. The large and fleshy leafstalks of Rheum Rhaponticum and other
species of the same genus. They are pleasantly acid, and are used in
cookery. Called also pieplant.

3. (Med.)

Defn: The root of several species of Rheum, used much as a cathartic
medicine. Monk's rhubarb. (Bot.) See under Monk.
 -- Turkey rhubarb (Med.), the roots of Rheum Emodi.

RHUBARBY
Rhu"barb*y, a.

Defn: Like rhubarb.

RHUMB
Rhumb, n. Etym: [F. rumb, Sp. rumbo, or Pg. rumbo, rumo, probably fr.
Gr. Rhomb.] (Navigation)

Defn: A line which crosses successive meridians at a constant angle;
-- called also rhumb line, and loxodromic curve. See Loxodromic. To
sail on a rhumb, to sail continuously on one course, following a
rhumb line.

RHUS
Rhus, n. Etym: [L., sumac, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs and small treets. See Sumac.

RHUSMA
Rhus"ma, n. Etym: [See Rusma.]

Defn: A mixtire of caustic lime and orpiment, or tersulphide of
arsenic, -- used in the depilation of hides. Knight.

RHYME
Rhyme, n. Etym: [OE. ryme, rime, AS. rim number; akin to OHG. rim
number, succession, series, G. reim rhyme. The modern sense is due to
the influence of F. rime, which is of German origin, and originally
the same word.] [The Old English spelling rime is becoming again
common. See Note under Prime.]

1. An expression of thought in numbers, measure, or verse; a
composition in verse; a rhymed tale; poetry; harmony of language.
"Railing rhymes." Daniel.
A ryme I learned long ago. Chaucer.
He knew Himself to sing, and build the lofty rime. Milton.

2. (Pros.)

Defn: Correspondence of sound in the terminating words or syllables
of two or more verses, one succeeding another immediately or at no
great distance. The words or syllables so used must not begin with
the same consonant, or if one begins with a vowel the other must
begin with a consonant. The vowel sounds and accents must be the
same, as also the sounds of the final consonants if there be any.
For rhyme with reason may dispense, And sound has right to govern
sense. Prior.

3. Verses, usually two, having this correspondence with each other; a
couplet; a poem containing rhymes.

4. A word answering in sound to another word. Female rhyme. See under
Female.
 -- Male rhyme. See under Male.
 -- Rhyme or reason, sound or sense.
 -- Rhyme royal (Pros.), a stanza of seven decasyllabic verses, of
which the first and third, the second, fourth, and fifth, and the
sixth and seventh rhyme.

RHYME
Rhyme, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rhymed;p. pr. & vb. n. Rhyming.] Etym:
[OE. rimen, rymen, AS. riman to count: cf. F. rimer to rhyme. See
Rhyme, n.]

1. To make rhymes, or verses. "Thou shalt no longer ryme." Chaucer.
There marched the bard and blockhead, side by side, Who rhymed for
hire, and patronized for pride. Pope.

2. To accord in rhyme or sound.
And, if they rhymed and rattled, all was well. Dryden.

RHYME
Rhyme, v. t.

1. To put into rhyme. Sir T. Wilson.

2. To influence by rhyme.
Hearken to a verser, who may chance Rhyme thee to good. Herbert.

RHYMELESS
Rhyme"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of rhyme. Bp. Hall.

RHYMER
Rhym"er, n.

Defn: One who makes rhymes; a versifier; -- generally in contempt; a
poor poet; a poetaster.
This would make them soon perceive what despicaple creatures our
common rhymers and playwriters be. Milton.

RHYMERY
Rhym"er*y, n.

Defn: The art or habit of making rhymes; rhyming; -- in contempt.

RHYMESTER
Rhyme"ster, n.

Defn: A rhymer; a maker of poor poetry. Bp. Hall. Byron.

RHYMIC
Rhym"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to rhyme.

RHYMIST
Rhym"ist, n.

Defn: A rhymer; a rhymester. Johnston.

RHYNCHOBDELLEA
Rhyn`chob*del"le*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of leeches including those that have a protractile
proboscis, without jaws. Clepsine is the type.

RHYNCHOCEPHALA
Rhyn`cho*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of reptiles having biconcave vertebræ, immovable
quadrate bones, and many other peculiar osteological characters.
Hatteria is the only living genus, but numerous fossil genera are
known, some of which are among the earliest of reptiles. See
Hatteria. Called also Rhynchocephalia.

RHYNCHOCOELA
Rhyn`cho*coe"la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Nemertina.
 -- Rhyn`cho*coe"lous, a.

RHYNCHOLITE
Rhyn"cho*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lie: cf. F. rhyncholithe.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil cephalopod beak.

RHYNCHONELLA
Rhyn`cho*nel"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of brachiopods of which some species are still living,
while many are found fossil.

RHYNCHOPHORA
Rhyn*choph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Coleoptera having a snoutlike head; the snout
beetles, curculios, or weevils.

RHYNCHOPHORE
Rhyn"cho*phore, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Rhynchophora.

RHYNCHOTA
Rhyn*cho"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "ry`gchos snout.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Hemiptera. [Written also Rhyncota.]

RHYOLITE
Rhy"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A quartzose trachyte, an igneous rock often showing a fluidal
structure.
 -- Rhy`o*lit"ic, a.

RHYPAROGRAPHY
Rhy`pa*rog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. "ryparo`s filthy, dirty + gra`fein
to write, paint.]

Defn: In ancient art, the painting of genre or still-life pictures.

RHYSIMETER
Rhy*sim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument, acting on the principle of Pitot's tube, for
measuring the velocity of a fluid current, the speed of a ship, etc.

RHYTHM
Rhythm, n. Etym: [F. rhythme, rythme, L. rhythmus, fr. GR. Stream.]

1. In the widest sense, a dividing into short portions by a regular
succession of motions, impulses, sounds, accents, etc., producing an
agreeable effect, as in music poetry, the dance, or the like.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Movement in musical time, with periodical recurrence of accent;
the measured beat or pulse which marks the character and expression
of the music; symmetry of movement and accent. Moore (Encyc. )

3. A division of lines into short portions by a regular succession of
arses and theses, or percussions and remissions of voice on words or
syllables.

4. The harmonious flow of vocal sounds.

RHYTHMER
Rhyth"mer, n.

Defn: One who writes in rhythm, esp. in poetic rhythm or meter. [R.]
One now scarce counted a rhythmer, formerly admitted for a poet.
Fuller.

RHYTHMIC; RHYTHMICAL
Rhyth"mic, Rhyth"mic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. rhythmicus, F. rhythmique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, rhythm
DAy and night I worked my rhythmic thought. Mrs. Browning.
Rhythmical accent. (Mus.) See Accent, n., 6 (c).

RHYTHMICALLY
Rhyth"mic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rhythmical manner.

RHYTHMICS
Rhyth"mics, n.

Defn: The department of musical science which treats of the length of
sounds.

RHYTHMING
Rhyth"ming, a.

Defn: Writing rhythm; verse making. "The rhythming monk." Fuller.

RHYTHMLESS
Rhythm"less, a.

Defn: Being without rhythm. Coleridge.

RHYTHMOMETER
Rhyth*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Rhythm + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for marking time in musical movements. See
Metronome.

RHYTHMUS
Rhyth"mus, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Rhythm.

RHYTINA
Rhyt"i*na, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Rytina.

RIAL
Ri"al (, n.

Defn: A Spanish coin. See Real. [Obs.]

RIAL
Ri*al", a.

Defn: Royal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RIAL
Ri"al, n. Etym: [From Royal.]

Defn: A gold coin formerly current in England, of the value of ten
shillings sterling in the reign of Henry VI., and of fifteen
shillings in the reign of Elizabeth. [Spelt also ryal.] Brande & C.

RIANT
Ri`ant", a. Etym: [F. riant, p. pr. of rire to laugh, L. ridere.]

Defn: Laughing; laughable; exciting gayety; gay; merry; delightful to
the view, as a landscape.
In such cases the sublimity must be drawn from the other sources,
with a strict caution, howewer, against anything light and riant.
Burke.

RIB
Rib, n. Etym: [AS. rib, ribb; akin to D. rib, G. rippe, OHG. rippa,
rippi, Dan. ribbe, Icel. rif, Russ. rebro.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the curved bones attached to the vertebral column and
supporting the lateral walls of the thorax.

Note: In man there are twelve ribs on each side, of which the upper
seven are directly connected with the sternum by cartilages, and are
called sternal, or true, ribs. The remaining five pairs are called
asternal, or false, ribs, and of these each of the three upper pairs
is attached to the cartilage of the rib above, while the two lower
pairs are free at the ventral ends, and are called floating ribs. See
Thorax.

2. That which resembles a rib in form or use. Specifically:
(a) (Shipbuilding) One of the timbers, or bars of iron or steel, that
branch outward and upward from the keel, to support the skin or
planking, and give shape and strength to the vessel. (b) (Mach. &
Structures)

Defn: A ridge, fin, or wing, as on a plate, cylinder, beam, etc., to
strengthen or stiffen it.
(c) One of the rods on which the cover of an umbrella is extended.
(d) A prominent line or ridge, as in cloth.
(e) A longitudinal strip of metal uniting the barrels of a double-
barreled gun.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The chief nerve, or one of the chief nerves, of a leaf.
(b) Any longitudinal ridge in a plant.

4. (Arch.)
(a) In Gothic vaulting, one of the primary members of the vault.
These are strong arches, meeting and crossing one another, dividing
the whole space into triangles, which are then filled by vaulted
construction of lighter material. Hence, an imitation of one of these
in wood, plaster, or the like.
(b) A projecting mold, or group of moldings, forming with others a
pattern, as on a ceiling, ornamental door, or the like.

5. (Mining)
(a) Solid coal on the side of a gallery; solid ore in a vein.
(b) An elongated pillar of ore or coal left as a support. Raymond.

6. A wife; -- in allusion to Eve, as made out of Adam's rib.
[Familiar & Sportive]
How many have we known whose heads have been broken with their own
rib. Bp. Hall.
Chuck rib, a cut of beef immediately in front of the middle rib. See
Chuck.
 -- Fore ribs, a cut of beef immediately in front of the sirloin.
 -- Middle rib, a cut of beef between the chuck rib and the fore
ribs.
 -- Rib grass. (Bot.) Same as Ribwort.

RIB
Rib, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ribbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ribbing.]

1. To furnish with ribs; to form with rising lines and channels; as,
to rib cloth.

2. To inclose, as with ribs, and protect; to shut in.
It [lead] were too gross To rib her cerecloth in the obscure grave.
Shak.
To rib land, to leave strips of undisturbed ground between the
furrows in plowing.

RIBALD
Rib"ald, n./ Etym: [OE. ribald, ribaud, F. ribaud, OF. ribald,
ribault, LL. ribaldus, of German origin; cf. OHG hripa prostitute.
For the ending -ald cf. E. Herald.]

Defn: A low, vulgar, brutal, foul-mouthed wretch; a lewd fellow.
Spenser. Pope.
Ribald was almost a class name in the feudal system . . . He was his
patron's parasite, bulldog, and tool . . . It is not to be wondered
at that the word rapidly became a synonym for everything ruffianly
and brutal. Earle.

RIBALD
Rib"ald, a.

Defn: Low; base; mean; filthy; obscene.
The busy day, Waked by the lark, hath roused the ribald crows. Shak.

RIBALDISH
Rib"ald*ish, a.

Defn: Like a ribald. Bp. Hall.

RIBALDROUS
Rib"ald*rous, a.

Defn: Of a ribald quality. [R.]

RIBALDRY
Rib"ald*ry, n. Etym: [OE. ribaldrie, ribaudrie, OF. ribalderie,
ribauderie.]

Defn: The talk of a ribald; low, vulgar language; indecency;
obscenity; lewdness; -- now chiefly applied to indecent language, but
formerly, as by Chaucer, also to indecent acts or conduct.
The ribaldry of his conversation moved Macaulay.

RIBAN
Rib"an, n.

Defn: See Ribbon. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

RIBAND
Rib"and, n.

Defn: See Ribbon. Riband jasper (Min.), a variety of jasper having
stripes of different colors, as red and green.

RIBAND
Rib"and, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Rib-band. Totten.

RIBANDED
Rib"and*ed, a.

Defn: Ribboned. B. Jonson.

RIBAUD
Rib"aud, n.

Defn: A ribald. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

RIBAUDEQUIN
Ri*bau"de*quin, n. Etym: [F.]

1. An engine of war used in the Middle Ages, consisting of a
protected elevated staging on wheels, and armed in front with pikes.
It was (after the 14th century) furnished with small cannon.

2. A huge bow fixed on the wall of a fortified town for casting
javelins.

RIBAUDRED; RIBAUDROUS
Rib"aud*red, Rib"aud*rous, a.

Defn: Filthy; obscene; ribald. [Obs.]

RIBAUDRY
Rib"aud*ry, n.

Defn: Ribaldry. [Obs.] Spenser.

RIBAUDY
Rib"aud*y, n.

Defn: Ribaldry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RIBAULD
Rib"auld, n.

Defn: A ribald. [Obs.] Spenser.

RIBBAND
Rib"band, n.

Defn: A ribbon. Pope.

RIBBAND
Rib"*band`, n. Etym: [Rib + band.] Etym: [Written also riband, and
ribbon.] (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A long, narrow strip of timber bent and bolted longitudinally
to the ribs of a vessel, to hold them in position, and give rigidity
to the framework. Rib-band lines, oblique longitudinal sectionss of
the hull of a vessel. Knight.

RIBBED
Ribbed, a.

1. Furnished or formed with ribs; as, a ribbed cylinder; ribbed
cloth.

2. (Mining)

Defn: Intercalated with slate; -- said of a seam of coal. Raymond.

RIBBING
Rib"bing, n.

Defn: An assemblage or arrangement of ribs, as the timberwork for the
support of an arch or coved ceiling, the veins in the leaves of some
plants, ridges in the fabric of cloth, or the like.

RIBBON
Rib"bon, n. Etym: [OE. riban, OF. riban, F. ruban, probably of German
origin; cf. D. ringband collar, necklace, E. ring circle, and band.]
[Written also riband, ribband.]

1. A fillet or narrow woven fabric, commonly of silk, used for
trimming some part of a woman's attire, for badges, and other
decorative purposes.

2. A narrow strip or shred; as, a steel or magnesium ribbon; sails
torn to ribbons.

3. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: Same as Rib-band.

4. pl.

Defn: Driving reins. [Cant] London Athenæum.

5. (Her.)

Defn: A bearing similar to the bend, but only one eighth as wide.

6. (Spinning)

Defn: A silver.

Note: The blue ribbon, and The red ribbon, are phrases often used to
designate the British orders of the Garter and of the Bath,
respectively, the badges of which are suspended by ribbons of these
colors. See Blue ribbon, under Blue. Ribbon fish. (Zoöl.) (a) Any
elongated, compressed, ribbon-shaped marine fish of the family
Trachypteridæ, especially the species of the genus Trachypterus, and
the oarfish (Regelecus Banksii) of the North Atlantic, which is
sometimes over twenty feet long. (b) The hairtail, or bladefish. (c)
A small compressed marine fish of the genus Cepola, having a long,
slender, tapering tail. The European species (C. rubescens) is light
red throughout. Called also band fish.
 -- Ribbon grass (Bot.), a variety of reed canary grass having the
leaves stripped with green and white; -- called also Lady's garters.
See Reed grass, under Reed.
 -- Ribbon seal (Zoöl.), a North Pacific seal (Histriophoca
fasciata). The adult male is dark brown, conspicuously banded and
striped with yellowish white.
 -- Ribbon snake (Zoöl.), a common North American snake (Eutainia
saurita). It is conspicuously striped with bright yellow and dark
brown.
 -- Ribbon Society, a society in Ireland, founded in the early part
of the 19th century in antagonism to the Orangemen. It afterwards
became an organization of tennant farmers banded together to prevent
eviction by landlords. It took its name from the green ribbon worn by
members as a badge.
 -- Ribborn worm. (Zoöl.) (a) A tapeworm. (b) A nemertean.

RIBBON
Rib"bon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ribboned; p. pr. & vb. n. Ribboning.]

Defn: To adorn with, or as with, ribbons; to mark with stripes
resembling ribbons.

RIBBONISM
Rib"bon*ism, n.

Defn: The principles and practices of the Ribbonmen. See Ribbon
Society, under Ribbon.

RIBBONMAN
Rib"bon*man, n; pl. -men.

Defn: A member of the Ribbon Society. See Ribbon Society, under
Ribbon.

RIBBONWOOD
Rib"bon*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A malvaceous tree (Hoheria populnea) of New Zealand, the bark
of which is used for cordage.

RIBES
Ri"bes, n.Etym: [NL.; cf. Dan. ribs, and Ar. ribas a plant with an
acid juice.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs including gooseberries and currants of many
kinds.

RIBIBE
Rib"ibe, n. Etym: [See Rebec.]

1. A sort of stringed instrument; a rebec. [Obs.] Nares.

2. An old woman; -- in contempt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. A bawd; a prostitute. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

RIBIBLE
Rib"i*ble, n. Etym: [See Ribibe.]

Defn: A small threestringed viol; a rebec. Moore (Encyc. of Music).
All can be play on gittern or ribible. Chaucer.

RIBLESS
Rib"less, a.

Defn: Having no ribs.

RIBROAST
Rib"roast`, v. t.

Defn: To beat soundly. [Slang]

RIBWORT
Rib"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of plantain (Plantago lanceolata) with long, narrow,
ribbed leaves; -- called also rib grass, ripple grass, ribwort
plantain.

-RIC
-ric. Etym: [AS rice kingdom, dominion. See Rich.]

Defn: A suffix signifying dominion, jurisdiction; as, bishopric, the
district over which a bishop exercises authority.

RICE
Rice, n. Etym: [F. riz (cf. Pr. ris, It. riso), L. oryza, Gr. brizi,
akin to Skr. vrihi; or perh. akin to E. rye. Cf. Rye.] (Bot.)

Defn: A well-known cereal grass (Oryza sativa) and its seed. This
plant is extensively cultivated in warm climates, and the grain forms
a large portion of the food of the inhabitants. In America it grows
chiefly on low, moist land, which can be overflowed. Ant rice. (Bot.)
See under Ant.
 -- French rice. (Bot.) See Amelcorn.
 -- Indian rice., a tall reedlike water grass (Zizania aquatica),
bearing panicles of a long, slender grain, much used for food by
North American Indians. It is common in shallow water in the Northern
States. Called also water oat, Canadian wild rice, etc.
 -- Mountain rice, any species of an American genus (Oryzopsis) of
grasses, somewhat resembling rice.
 -- Rice bunting. (Zoöl.) Same as Ricebird.
 -- Rice hen (Zoöl.), the Florida gallinule.
 -- Rice mouse (Zoöl.), a large dark-colored field mouse (Calomys
palistris) of the Southern United States.
 -- Rice paper, a kind of thin, delicate paper, brought from China, -
- used for painting upon, and for the manufacture of fancy articles.
It is made by cutting the pith of a large herb (Fatsia papyrifera,
related to the ginseng) into one roll or sheet, which is flattened
out under pressure. Called also pith paper.
 -- Rice troupial (Zoöl.), the bobolink.
 -- Rice water, a drink for invalids made by boiling a small quantity
of rice in water.
 -- Rice-water discharge (Med.), a liquid, resembling rice water in
appearance, which is vomited, and discharged from the bowels, in
cholera.
 -- Rice weevil (Zoöl.), a small beetle (Calandra, or Sitophilus,
oryzæ) which destroys rice, wheat, and Indian corn by eating out the
interior; -- called also black weevil.

RICEBIRD
Rice"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The Java sparrow.
(b) The bobolink.

RICE-SHELL
Rice"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small white polished marine
shells of the genus Olivella.

RICH
Rich, (rîch), a. [Compar. Richer (; superl. Richest.] Etym: [OE.
riche, AS. rice rich, powerful; akin to OS. riki, D. rijk, G. reich,
OHG. rihhi, Icel. rikr, Sw. rik, Dan. rig, Goth. reiks; from a word
meaning, ruler, king, probably borrowed from Celtic, and akin to L.
rex, regis, king, regere to guide, rule. sq. root283. See Right, and
cf. Derrick, Enrich, Rajah, Riches, Royal.]

1. Having an abundance of material possessions; possessed of a large
amount of property; well supplied with land, goods, or money;
wealthy; opulent; affluent; -- opposed to Ant: poor. "Rich
merchants." Chaucer.
The rich [person] hath many friends. Prov. xiv. 20.
As a thief, bent to unhoard the cash Of some rich burgher. Milton.

2. Hence, in general, well supplied; abounding; abundant; copious;
bountiful; as, a rich treasury; a rich entertainment; a rich crop.
If life be short, it shall be glorious; Each minute shall be rich in
some great action. Rowe.
The gorgeous East with richest hand Showers on her kings barbaric
pearl and gold. Milton.

3. Yielding large returns; productive or fertile; fruitful; as, rich
soil or land; a rich mine.

4. Composed of valuable or costly materials or ingredients; procured
at great outlay; highly valued; precious; sumptuous; costly; as, a
rich dress; rich silk or fur; rich presents.
Like to rich and various gems. Milton.

5. Abounding in agreeable or nutritive qualities; -- especially
applied to articles of food or drink which are high-seasoned or
abound in oleaginous ingredients, or are sweet, luscious, and high-
flavored; as, a rich dish; rich cream or soup; rich pastry; rich wine
or fruit.
Sauces and rich spices are fetched from India. Baker.

6. Not faint or delicate; vivid; as, a rich color.

7. Full of sweet and harmonius sounds; as, a rich voice; rich music.

8. Abounding in beauty; gorgeous; as, a rich landscape; rich scenery.

9. Abounding in humor; exciting amusement; entertaining; as, the
scene was a rich one; a rich incident or character. [Colloq.]
Thackeray.

Note: Rich is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, rich-fleeced, rich-jeweled, rich-laden, rich-stained.

Syn.
 -- Wealthy; affluent; opulent; ample; copious; abundant; plentiful;
fruitful; costly; sumptuous; precious; generous; luscious.

RICH
Rich, v. t.

Defn: To enrich. [Obs.] Gower.

RICHES
Rich"es, n. pl. Etym: [OE. richesse, F. richesse, from riche rich, of
German origin. See Rich,a.]

1. That which makes one rich; an abundance of land, goods, money, or
other property; wealth; opulence; affluence.
Riches do not consist in having more gold and silver, but in having
more in proportion, than our neighbors. Locke.

2. That which appears rich, sumptuous, precious, or the like.
The riche of heaven's pavement, trodden gold. Milton.

Note: Richesse, the older form of this word, was in the singular
number. The form riches, however, is plural in appearance, and has
now come to be used as a plural.
Against the richesses of this world shall they have misease of
poverty. Chaucer.
In one hour so great riches is come to nought. Rev. xviii. 17.
And for that riches where is my deserving Shak.

Syn.
 -- Wealth; opulence; affluence; wealthiness; richness; plenty;
abundance.

RICHESSE
Rich"esse, n. Etym: [F. See Riches.]

Defn: Wealth; riches. See the Note under Riches. [Obs.]
Some man desireth for to have richesse. Chaucer.
The richesse of all heavenly grace. Spenser.

RICHLY
Rich"ly, adv.

Defn: In a rich manner.

RICHNESS
Rich"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being rich (in any sense of the
adjective).

RICHWEED
Rich"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An herb (Pilea pumila) of the Nettle family, having a smooth,
juicy, pellucid stem; -- called also clearweed.

RICINELAIDIC
Ric`in*e`la*id"ic, a. Etym: [Ricinoleic + elaidic.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an isomeric modification of
ricinoleic acid obtained as a white crystalline solid.

RICINELAIDIN
Ric`in*e*la"i*din, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The glycerin salt of ricinelaidic acid, obtained as a white
crystalline waxy substance by treating castor oil with nitrous acid.

RICINIC
Ri*cin"ic, a. Etym: [L. ricinus castor-oil plant.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, castor oil; formerly,
designating an acid now called ricinoleic acid.

RICININE
Ric"i*nine, n. Etym: [L. ricinus castor-oil plant.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter white crystalline alkaloid extracted from the seeds of
the castor-oil plant.

RICINOLEATE
Ric`in*o"le*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of ricinoleic acid; -- formerly called palmate.

RICINOLEIC
Ric`in*o"le*ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a fatty acid analogous to oleic
acid, obtained from castor oil as an oily substance, Cricinolic.

RICINOLEIN
Ric`in*o"le*in, n. Etym: [L. ricinus castor-oil plant + oleum oil.]
(Chem.)

Defn: The glycerin salt of ricinoleic acid, occuring as a
characteristic constituent of castor oil; -- formerly called palmin.

RICINOLIC
Ric`i*nol"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Ricinoleic.

RICINUS
Ric"i*nus (, n. Etym: [L., the castor-oil plant.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the Spurge family, containing but one
species (R. communis), the castor-oil plant. The fruit is three-
celled, and contains three large seeds from which castor oil iss
expressed. See Palma Christi.

RICK
Rick, n. Etym: [OE. reek, rek, AS. hreác a heap; akin to hryce rick,
Icel. hraukr.]

Defn: A stack or pile, as of grain, straw, or hay, in the open air,
usually protected from wet with thatching.
Golden clusters of beehive ricks, rising at intervals beyond the
hedgerows. G. Eliot.

RICK
Rick, v. t.

Defn: To heap up in ricks, as hay, etc.

RICKER
Rick"er, n.

Defn: A stout pole for use in making a rick, or for a spar to a boat.

RICKETISH
Rick"et*ish, a.

Defn: Rickety. [Obs.] Fuller.

RICKETS
Rick"ets, n. pl. Etym: [Of uncertain origin; but cf. AS. wrigian to
bend, D. wrikken to shake, E. wriggle.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease which affects children, and which is characterized by
a bulky head, crooked spine and limbs, depressed ribs, enlarged and
spongy articular epiphyses, tumid abdomen, and short stature,
together with clear and often premature mental faculties. The
essential cause of the disease appears to be the nondeposition of
earthy salts in the osteoid tissues. Children afflicted with this
malady stand and walk unsteadily. Called also rachitis.

RICKETY
Rick"et*y, a.

1. Affected with rickets.

2. Feeble in the joints; imperfect; weak; shaky.

RICKRACK
Rick"rack`, n.

Defn: A kind of openwork edging made of serpentine braid.

RICKSTAND
Rick"stand`, n.

Defn: A flooring or framework on which a rick is made.

RICOCHET
Ric`o*chet", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A rebound or skipping, as of a ball along the ground when a gun
is fired at a low angle of elevation, or of a fiat stone thrown along
the surface of water. Ricochet firing (Mil.), the firing of guns or
howitzers, usually with small charges, at an elevation of only a few
degrees, so as to cause the balls or shells to bound or skip along
the ground.

RICOCHET
Ric`o*chet", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ricochetted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ricochetting.]

Defn: To operate upon by ricochet firing. See Ricochet, n. [R.]

RICOCHET
Ric`o*chet", v. i.

Defn: To skip with a rebound or rebounds, as a flat stone on the
surface of water, or a cannon ball on the ground. See Ricochet, n.

RICTAL
Ric"tal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the rictus; as, rictal bristles.

RICTURE
Ric"ture, n. Etym: [L. ringi, rictus, to open wide the mouth, to
gape.]

Defn: A gaping. [Obs.]

RICTUS
Ric"tus, n. Etym: [L., the aperture of the mouth.]

Defn: The gape of the mouth, as of birds; -- often resricted to the
corners of the mouth.

RID
Rid,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Ride, v. i. [Archaic]
He rid to the end of the village, where he alighted. Thackeray.

RID
Rid, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rid or Ridded; p. pr. & vb. n. Ridding.]
Etym: [OE. ridden, redden, AS. hreddan to deliver, liberate; akin to
D. & LG. redden, G. retten, Dan. redde, Sw. rädda, and perhaps to
Skr. to loosen.]

1. To save; to rescue; to deliver; -- with out of. [Obs.]
Deliver the poor and needy; rid them out of the hand of the wicked.
Ps. lxxxii. 4.

2. To free; to clear; to disencumber; -- followed by of. "Rid all the
sea of pirates." Shak.
In never ridded myself of an overmastering and brooding sense of some
great calamity traveling toward me. De Quincey.

3. To drive away; to remove by effort or violence; to make away with;
to destroy. [Obs.]
I will red evil beasts out of the land. Lev. xxvi. 6.
Death's men, you have rid this sweet young prince! Shak.

4. To get over; to dispose of; to dispatch; to finish. [R.]
"Willingness rids way." Shak.
Mirth will make us rid ground faster than if thieves were at our
tails. J. Webster.
To be rid of, to be free or delivered from.
 -- To get rid of, to get deliverance from; to free one's self from.

RIDABLE
Rid"a*ble, a.

Defn: Suitable for riding; as, a ridable horse; a ridable road.

RIDDANCE
Rid"dance, n.

1. The act of ridding or freeing; deliverance; a cleaning up or out.
Thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field. Lev.
xxiii. 22.

2. The state of being rid or free; freedom; escape. "Riddance from
all adversity." Hooker.

RIDDEN
Rid"den,

Defn: p. p. of Ride.

RIDDER
Rid"der, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, rids.

RIDDLE
Rid"dle, n. Etym: [OE. ridil, AS. hridder; akin to G. reiter, L.
cribrum, and to Gr. rein clean. See Crisis, Certain.]

1. A sieve with coarse meshes, usually of wire, for separating
coarser materials from finer, as chaff from grain, cinders from
ashes, or gravel from sand.

2. A board having a row of pins, set zigzag, between which wire is
drawn to straighten it.

RIDDLE
Rid"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Riddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Riddling.]

1. To separate, as grain from the chaff, with a riddle; to pass
through a riddle; as, riddle wheat; to riddle coal or gravel.

2. To perforate so as to make like a riddle; to make many holes in;
as, a house riddled with shot.

RIDDLE
Rid"dle, n. Etym: [For riddels, s being misunderstood as the plural
ending; OE. ridels, redels. AS. rraadsel, G. räthsel; fr. AS. r to
counsel or advise, also, to guess. sq. root116. Cf. Read.]

Defn: Something proposed to be solved by guessing or conjecture; a
puzzling question; an ambiguous proposition; an enigma; hence,
anything ambiguous or puzzling.
To wring from me, and tell to them, my secret, That solved the riddle
which I had proposed. Milton.
'T was a strange riddle of a lady. Hudibras.

RIDDLE
Rid"dle, v. t.

Defn: To explain; to solve; to unriddle.
Riddle me this, and guess him if you can. Dryden.

RIDDLE
Rid"dle, v. i.

Defn: To speak ambiguously or enigmatically. "Lysander riddels very
prettily." Shak.

RIDDLER
Rid"dler, n.

Defn: One who riddles (grain, sand, etc.).

RIDDLER
Rid"dler, n.

Defn: One who speaks in, or propounds, riddles.

RIDDLING
Rid"dling, a.

Defn: Speaking in a riddle or riddles; containing a riddle. "Riddling
triplets." Tennyson.
 -- Rid"dling, adv.

RIDE
Ride, v. i. [imp. Rode (rod) (Rid [rîd], archaic); p. p. Ridden (
(Rid, archaic); p. pr. & vb. n. Riding (.] Etym: [AS. ridan; akin to
LG. riden, D. rijden, G. reiten, OHG. ritan, Icel. riedha, Sw. rida,
Dan. ride; cf. L. raeda a carriage, which is from a Celtic word. Cf.
Road.]

1. To be carried on the back of an animal, as a horse.
To-morrow, when ye riden by the way. Chaucer.
Let your master ride on before, and do you gallop after him. Swift.

2. To be borne in a carriage; as, to ride in a coach, in a car, and
the like. See Synonym, below.
The richest inhabitants exhibited their wealth, not by riding in
gilden carriages, but by walking the streets with trains of servants.
Macaulay.

3. To be borne or in a fluid; to float; to lie.
Men once walked where ships at anchor ride. Dryden.

4. To be supported in motion; to rest.
Strong as the exletree On which heaven rides. Shak.
On whose foolish honesty My practices ride easy! Shak.

5. To manage a horse, as an equestrian.
He rode, he fenced, he moved with graceful ease. Dryden.

6. To support a rider, as a horse; to move under the saddle; as, a
horse rides easy or hard, slow or fast. To ride easy (Naut.), to lie
at anchor without violent pitching or straining at the cables.
 -- To ride hard (Naut.), to pitch violently.
 -- To ride out. (a) To go upon a military expedition. [Obs.]
Chaucer. (b) To ride in the open air. [Colloq.] -- To ride to hounds,
to ride behind, and near to, the hounds in hunting.

Syn.
 -- Drive.
 -- Ride, Drive. Ride originally meant (and is so used throughout the
English Bible) to be carried on horseback or in a vehicle of any
kind. At present in England, drive is the word applied in most cases
to progress in a carriage; as, a drive around the park, etc.; while
ride is appropriated to progress on a horse. Johnson seems to
sanction this distinction by giving "to travel on horseback" as the
leading sense of ride; though he adds "to travel in a vehicle" as a
secondary sense. This latter use of the word still occurs to some
extent; as, the queen rides to Parliament in her coach of state; to
ride in an omnibus.
"Will you ride over or drive" said Lord Willowby to his quest, after
breakfast that morning. W. Black.

RIDE
Ride, v. t.

1. To sit on, so as to be carried; as, to ride a horse; to ride a
bicycle.
[They] rend up both rocks and hills, and ride the air In whirlwind.
Milton.

2. To manage insolently at will; to domineer over.
The nobility could no longer endure to be ridden by bakers, cobblers,
and brewers. Swift.

3. To convey, as by riding; to make or do by riding.
Tue only men that safe can ride Mine errands on the Scottish side.
Sir W. Scott.

4. (Surg.)

Defn: To overlap (each other); -- said of bones or fractured
fragments. To ride a hobby, to have some favorite occupation or
subject of talk.
 -- To ride and tie, to take turn with another in labor and rest; --
from the expedient adopted by two persons with one horse, one of whom
rides the animal a certain distance, and then ties him for the use of
the other, who is coming up on foot. Fielding.
 -- To ride down. (a) To ride over; to trample down in riding; to
overthrow by riding against; as, to ride down an enemy. (b) (Naut.)
To bear down, as on a halyard when hoisting a sail.
 -- To ride out (Naut.), to keep safe afloat during (a storm) while
riding at anchor or when hove to on the open sea; as, to ride out the
gale. to ride the lightning, (Colloq.) to be executed by
electrocution in an electric chair.

RIDE
Ride, n.

1. The act of riding; an excursion on horseback or in a vehicle.

2. A saddle horse. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

3. A road or avenue cut in a wood, or through grounds, to be used as
a place for riding; a riding.

RIDEAU
Ri*deau", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A small mound of earth; ground slightly elevated; a small
ridge.

RIDEN
Rid"en, obs.

Defn: imp. pl. & p. p. of Ride. Chaucer.

RIDENT
Ri"dent, a. Etym: [L. ridens, p. pr. of ridere to laugh.]

Defn: Laughing. [R.] Thackeray.

RIDER
Rid"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, rides.

2. Formerly, an agent who went out with samples of goods to obtain
orders; a commercial traveler. [Eng.]

3. One who breaks or manages a horse. Shak.

4. An addition or amendment to a manuscript or other document, which
is attached on a separate piece of paper; in legislative practice, an
additional clause annexed to a bill while in course of passage;
something extra or burdensome that is imposed.
After the third reading, a foolish man stood up to propose a rider.
Macaulay.
This [question] was a rider which Mab found difficult to answer. A.
S. Hardy.

5. (Math.)

Defn: A problem of more than usual difficulty added to another on an
examination paper.

6. Etym: [D. rijder.]

Defn: A Dutch gold coin having the figure of a man on horseback
stamped upon it.
His moldy money ! half a dozen riders. J. Fletcher.

7. (Mining)

Defn: Rock material in a vein of ore, dividing it.

8. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: An interior rib occasionally fixed in a ship's hold, reaching
from the keelson to the beame of the lower deck, to strengthen her
frame. Totten.

9. (Naut.)

Defn: The second tier of casks in a vessel's hold.

10. A small forked weight which straddles the beam of a balance,
along which it can be moved in the manner of the weight on a
steelyard.

11. A robber. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Drummond. Rider's bone (Med.), a
bony deposit in the muscles of the upper and inner part of the thigh,
due to the pressure and irritation caused by the saddle in riding.

RIDERLESS
Rid"er*less, a.

Defn: Having no rider; as, a riderless horse. H. Kingsley.

RIDGE
Ridge, n. Etym: [OE. rigge the back, AS. hrycg; akin to D. rug, G.
rÜcken, OHG. rucki, hrukki, Icel. hryggr, Sw. rugg, Dan. ryg. sq.
root16.]

1. The back, or top of the back; a crest. Hudibras.

2. A range of hills or mountains, or the upper part of such a range;
any extended elevation between valleys. "The frozen ridges of the
Alps." Shak.
Part rise crystal wall, or ridge direct. Milton.

3. A raised line or strip, as of ground thrown up by a plow or left
between furrows or ditches, or as on the surface of metal, cloth, or
bone, etc.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: The intersection of two surface forming a salient angle,
especially the angle at the top between the opposite slopes or sides
of a roof or a vault.

5. (Fort.)

Defn: The highest portion of the glacis proceeding from the salient
angle of the covered way. Stocqueler.

RIDGE
Ridge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ridged; p. pr. & vb. n. Ridging.]

1. To form a ridge of; to furnish with a ridge or ridges; to make
into a ridge or ridges.
Bristles ranged like those that ridge the back Of chafed wild boars.
Milton.

2. To form into ridges with the plow, as land.

3. To wrinkle. "With a forehead ridged." Cowper.

RIDGEBAND
Ridge"band`, n.

Defn: The part of a harness which passes over the saddle, and
supports the shafts of a cart; -- called also ridgerope, and ridger.
Halliwell.

RIDGEBONE
Ridge"bone`, n.

Defn: The backbone. [Obs.]
Blood . . . lying cluttered about the ridgebone. Holland.

RIDGEL
Ridg"el, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Ridgelling.

RIDGELET
Ridge"let, n.

Defn: A little ridge.

RIDGELING
Ridge"ling, n. Etym: [Prov. E. riggilt, riggot, ananimal half
castrated, a sheep having only one testicle; cf. Prov. G. rigel, rig,
a barrow hog, rigler a cock half castrated.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A half-castrated male animal.

RIDGEPIECE; RIDGEPLATE
Ridge"piece`, Ridge"plate`, n.

Defn: See Ridgepole.

RIDGEPOLE
Ridge"pole`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The timber forming the ridge of a roof, into which the rafters
are secured.

RIDGEROPE
Ridge"rope`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Life line (a), under Life.

RIDGINGLY
Ridg"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to form ridges.

RIDGY
Ridg"y, a.

Defn: Having a ridge or ridges; rising in a ridge. "Lifted on a ridgy
wave." Pope.

RIDICLE
Rid"i*cle, n.

Defn: Ridicule. [Obs.] Foxe.

RIDICULE
Rid"i*cule, n. Etym: [F. ridicule, L. ridiculum a jest, fr.
ridiculus. See Ridiculous.]

1. An object of sport or laughter; a laughingstock; a laughing
matter.
[Marlborough] was so miserably ignorant, that his deficiencies made
him the ridicule of his contemporaries. Buckle.
To the people . . . but a trifle, to the king but a ridicule. Foxe.

2. Remarks concerning a subject or a person designed to excite
laughter with a degree of contempt; wit of that species which
provokes contemptuous laughter; disparagement by making a person an
object of laughter; banter; -- a term lighter than derision.
We have in great measure restricted the meaning of ridicule, which
would properly extend over whole region of the ridiculous, -- the
laughable, -- and we have narrowed it so that in common usage it
mostly corresponds to "derision", which does indeed involve personal
and offensive feelings. Hare.
Safe from the bar, the pulpit, and the throne, Yet touched and shamed
by ridicule alone. Pope.

3. Quality of being ridiculous; ridiculousness. [Obs.]
To see the ridicule of this practice. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Derision; banter; raillery; burlesque; mockery; irony; satire;
sarcasm; gibe; jeer; sneer.
 -- Ridicule, Derision, Both words imply disapprobation; but ridicule
usually signifies good-natured, fun-loving opposition without
manifest malice, while derision is commonly bitter and scornful, and
sometimes malignant.

RIDICULE
Rid"i*cule, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ridiculed;p. pr. & vb. n.
Ridiculing.]

Defn: To laugh at mockingly or disparagingly; to awaken ridicule
toward or respecting.
I 've known the young, who ridiculed his rage. Goldsmith.

Syn.
 -- To deride; banter; rally; burlesque; mock; satirize; lampoon. See
Deride.

RIDICULE
Rid"i*cule, a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Ridiculous. [Obs.]
This action . . . became so ridicule. Aubrey.

RIDICULER
Rid"i*cu`ler, n.

Defn: One who ridicules.

RIDICULIZE
Ri*dic"u*lize, v. t.

Defn: To make ridiculous; to ridicule. [Obs.] Chapman.

RIDICULOSITY
Ri*dic`u*los"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being ridiculous; ridiculousness; also,
something ridiculous. [Archaic] Bailey.

RIDICULOUS
Ri*dic"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. ridiculosus, ridiculus, fr. ridere to
laigh. Cf. Risible.]

1. Fitted to excite ridicule; absurd and laughable; unworthy of
serious consideration; as, a ridiculous dress or behavior.
Agricola, discerning that those little targets and unwieldy glaives
ill pointed would soon become ridiculous against the thrust and
close, commanded three Batavian cohorts . . . to draw up and come to
handy strokes. Milton.

2. Involving or expressing ridicule. [r.]
[It] provokes me to ridiculous smiling. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Ludicrous; laughable; risible; droll; comical; absurd;
preposterous. See Ludicrous. --- Ri*dic"u*lous*ly, adv.
 -- Ri*dic"u*lous*ness, n.

RIDING
Rid"ing, n. Etym: [For thriding, Icel. pr the third part, fr. pri
third, akin to E. third. See Third.]

Defn: One of the three jurisdictions into which the county of York,
in England, is divided; -- formerly under the government of reeve.
They are called the North, the East, and the West, Riding.
Blackstone.

RIDING
Rid"ing, a.

1. Employed to travel; traveling; as, a riding clerk. "One riding
apparitor." Ayliffe.

2. Used for riding on; as, a riding horse.

3. Used for riding, or when riding; devoted to riding; as, a riding
whip; a riding habit; a riding day. Riding clerk. (a) A clerk who
traveled for a commercial house. [Obs. Eng.] (b) One of the "six
clerks" formerly attached to the English Court of Chancery.
 -- Riding hood. (a) A hood formerly worn by women when riding. (b) A
kind of cloak with a hood.
 -- Riding master, an instructor in horsemanship.
 -- Riding rhyme (Pros.), the meter of five accents, with couplet
rhyme; -- probably so called from the mounted pilgrims described in
the Canterbury Tales. Dr. Guest.
 -- Riding school, a school or place where the art of riding is
taught.

RIDING
Rid"ing, n.

1. The act or state of one who rides.

2. A festival procession. [Obs.]
When there any riding was in Cheap. Chaucer.

3. Same as Ride, n., 3. Sir P. Sidney.

4. A district in charge of an excise officer. [Eng.]

RIDOTTO
Ri*dot"to, n. Etym: [It., fr. LL. reductus a retreat. See Redoubt.]

Defn: A favorite Italian public entertainment, consisting of music
and dancing, -- held generally on fast eves. Brande & C.
There are to be ridottos at guinea tickets. Walpole.

RIDOTTO
Ri*dot"to, v. i.

Defn: To hold ridottos. [R.] J. G. Cooper.

RIE
Rie, n.

Defn: See Rye. [Obs.] Holland. Rie grass. (Bot.) (a) A kind of wild
barley (Hordeum pratense). Dr. Prior. (b) Ray grass. Dr. Prior.

RIEF
Rief, n. Etym: [See Reave.]

Defn: Robbery. [Obs. or Scot.]

RIETBOC
Riet"boc, n. Etym: [D. riet reed + bok buck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The reedbuck, a South African antelope (Cervicapra
arundinacea); -- so called from its frequenting dry places covered
with high grass or reeds. Its color is yellowish brown. Called also
inghalla, and rietbok.

RIFACIMENTO
Ri*fa`ci*men"to, n.; pl. Rifacimenti (#). [It.]

Defn: A remaking or recasting; an adaptation, esp. of a literary work
or musical composition.

RIFE
Rife, a. Etym: [AS. rif abundant, or Icel. rifr munificent; akin to
OD. riff, rijve, abundant.]

1. Prevailing; prevalent; abounding.
Before the plague of London, inflammations of the lungs were rife and
mortal. Arbuthnot.
Even now the tumult of loud mirth Was rife, and perfect in may
listening ear. Milton.

2. Having power; active; nimble. [Obs.]
What! I am rife a little yet. J. Webster.
-- Rife"ly, adv.
 -- Rife"ness, n.

RIFFLE
Rif"fle, n. Etym: [CF. G. riffeln, riefeln, to groove. Cf. Rifle a
gun.] (Mining)

Defn: A trough or sluice having cleats, grooves, or steps across the
bottom for holding quicksilver and catching particles of gold when
auriferous earth is washed; also, one of the cleats, grooves, or
steps in such a trough. Also called ripple.

RIFFLER
Rif"fler, n. Etym: [See Riffle.]

Defn: A curved file used in carving wool and marble.

RIFFRAFF
Riff"raff`, n. Etym: [OE. rif and raf every particle, OF. rif et raf.
CF. Raff, and 1st Rifle.]

Defn: Sweepings; refuse; the lowest order of society. Beau & Fl.

RIFLE
Ri"fle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rifled; p. pr. & vb. n. Rifling.] Etym:
[F. rifler to rifle, sweep away; of uncertain origin. CF. Raff.]

1. To seize and bear away by force; to snatch away; to carry off.
Till time shall rifle every youthful grace. Pope.

2. To strip; to rob; to pillage. Piers Plowman.
Stand, sir, and throw us that you have about ye: If not, we'll make
you sit and rifle you. Shak.

3. To raffle. [Obs.] J. Webster.

RIFLE
Ri"fle, v. i.

1. To raffle. [Obs.] Chapman.

2. To commit robbery. [R.] Bp. Hall.

RIFLE
Ri"fle, n. Etym: [Akin to Dan. rifle, or riffel, the rifle of a gun,
a chamfer (cf. riffel, riffelbösse, a rifle gun, rifle to rifle a
gun, G. riefeln, riefen, to chamfer, groove), and E. rive. See Rive,
and cf. Riffle, Rivel.]

1. A gun, the inside of whose barrel is grooved with spiral channels,
thus giving the ball a rotary motion and insuring greater accuracy of
fire. As a military firearm it has superseded the musket.

2. pl. (Mil.)

Defn: A body of soldiers armed with rifles.

3. A strip of wood covered with emery or a similar material, used for
sharpening scythes. Rifle pit (Mil.), a trench for sheltering
sharpshooters.

RIFLE
Ri"fle, v. t.

1. To grove; to channel; especially, to groove internally with spiral
channels; as, to rifle a gun barrel or a cannon.

2. To whet with a rifle. See Rifle, n., 3.

RIFLEBIRD
Ri"fle*bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of beautiful birds of Australia and
New Guinea, of the genera Ptiloris and Craspidophora, allied to the
paradise birds.

Note: The largest and best known species is Ptiloris paradisea of
Australia. Its general color is rich velvety brown, glossed with
lilac; the under parts are varied with rich olive green, and the
head, throat, and two middle tail feathers are brilliant metallic
green.

RIFLEMAN
Ri"fle*man, n.; pl. Rifleman (. (Mil.)

Defn: A soldier armed with a rifle.

RIFLER
Ri"fler, n.

Defn: One who rifles; a robber.

RIFLING
Ri"fling, n.
(a) The act or process of making the grooves in a rifled cannon or
gun barrel.
(b) The system of grooves in a rifled gun barrel or cannon. Shunt
rifling, rifling for cannon, in which one side of the groove is made
deeper than the other, to facilitate loading with shot having
projections which enter by the deeper part of the grooves.

RIFT
Rift, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Rive. Spenser.

RIFT
Rift, n. [Written also reft.] Etym: [Dan. rift, fr. rieve to rend.
See Rive.]

1. An opening made by riving or splitting; a cleft; a fissure.
Spenser.

2. A shallow place in a stream; a ford.

RIFT
Rift, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rifting.]

Defn: To cleave; to rive; to split; as, to rift an oak or a rock; to
rift the clouds. Longfellow.
To dwell these rifted rocks between. Wordsworth.

RIFT
Rift, v. i.

1. To burst open; to split. Shak.
Timber . . . not apt to rif with ordnance. Bacon.

2. To belch. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

RIFTER
Rift"er, n.

Defn: A rafter. [Obs.] Holland.

RIG
Rig, n. Etym: [See Ridge.]

Defn: A ridge. [Prov. or Scott.]

RIG
Rig, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rigged; p. pr. & vb. n. Rigging.] Etym:
[Norweg. rigga to bind, particularly, to wrap round, rig; cf. AS.
wrihan to cover.]

1. To furnish with apparatus or gear; to fit with tackling.

2. To dress; to equip; to clothe, especially in an odd or fanciful
manner; -- commonly followed by out.
Jack was rigged out in his gold and silver lace. L'Estrange.
To rig a purchase, to adapt apparatus so as to get a purchase for
moving a weight, as with a lever, tackle, capstan, etc.
 -- To rig a ship (Naut.), to fit the shrouds, stays, braces, etc.,
to their respective masts and yards.

RIG
Rig, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The peculiar fitting in shape, number, and arrangement of sails
and masts, by which different types of vessels are distinguished; as,
schooner rig, ship rig, etc. See Illustration in Appendix.

2. Dress; esp., odd or fanciful clothing. [Colloq.]

RIG
Rig, n Etym: [Cf. Wriggle.]

1. A romp; a wanton; one given to unbecoming conduct. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. A sportive or unbecoming trick; a frolic.

3. A blast of wind. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.
That uncertain season before the rigs of Michaelmas were yet well
composed. Burke.
To run a rig, to play a trick; to engage in a frolic; to do something
strange and unbecoming.
He little dreamt when he set out Of running such a rig. Cowper.

RIG
Rig, v. i.

Defn: To play the wanton; to act in an unbecoming manner; to play
tricks. "Rigging and rifling all ways." Chapman.

RIG
Rig, v. t.

Defn: To make free with; hence, to steal; to pilfer. [Obs. or Prov.]
Tusser. To rig the market (Stock Exchange), to raise or lower market
prices, as by some fraud or trick. [Cant]

RIGADOON
Rig`a*doon", n. Etym: [F. rigadon, rigaudon.]

Defn: A gay, lively dance for one couple, -- said to have been
borrowed from Provence in France. W. Irving.
Whose dancing dogs in rigadoons excel. Wolcott.

RIGA FIR
Ri"ga fir` Etym: [So called from Riga, a city in Russia.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of pine (Pinus sylvestris), and its wood, which
affords a valuable timber; -- called also Scotch pine, and red or
yellow deal. It grows in all parts of Europe, in the Caucasus, and in
Siberia.

RIGARION
Ri*ga"rion, n. Etym: [L. rigatio, fr. rigare to water.]

Defn: See Irrigation. [Obs.]

RIGEL
Ri"gel, n. Etym: [Ar. rijl, properly, foot.] (Astron.)

Defn: A fixed star of the first magnitude in the left foot of the
constellation Orion. [Written also Regel.]

RIGESCENT
Ri*ges"cent, a. Etym: [L. rigescens, p. pr. fr. rigescere to grow
stiff.]

Defn: Growing stiff or numb.

RIGGER
Rig"ger, n.

1. One who rigs or dresses; one whose occupation is to fit the
rigging of a ship.

2. A cylindrical pulley or drum in machinery. [R.]

RIGGING
Rig"ging, n.

Defn: DRess; tackle; especially (Naut.), the ropes, chains, etc.,
that support the masts and spars of a vessel, and serve as purchases
for adjusting the sails, etc. See Illustr. of Ship and Sails. Running
rigging (Naut.), all those ropes used in bracing the yards, making
and shortening sail, etc., such as braces, sheets, halyards, clew
lines, and the like.
 -- Standing rigging (Naut.), the shrouds and stays.

RIGGISH
Rig"gish, a.

Defn: Like a rig or wanton. [Obs.] "Riggish and unmaidenly." Bp.
Hall.

RIGGLE
Rig"gle, v. i.

Defn: See Wriggle.

RIGGLE
Rig"gle, n.

Defn: The European lance fish. [Prov. Eng.]

RIGHT
Right, a. Etym: [OE. right, riht, AS. riht; akin to D. regt, OS. &
OHG. reht, G. recht, Dan. ret, Sw. rätt, Icel. rëttr, Goth. raíhts,
L. rectus, p. p. of regere to guide, rule; cf. Skr. straight, right.
sq. root115. Cf. Adroit,Alert, Correct, Dress, Regular, Rector,
Recto, Rectum, Regent, Region, Realm, Rich, Riyal, Rule.]

1. Straight; direct; not crooked; as, a right line. "Right as any
line." Chaucer

2. Upright; erect from a base; having an upright axis; not oblique;
as, right ascension; a right pyramid or cone.

3. Conformed to the constitution of man and the will of God, or to
justice and equity; not deviating from the true and just; according
with truth and duty; just; true.
That which is conformable to the Supreme Rule is absolutely right,
and is called right simply without relation to a special end.
Whately.

2. Fit; suitable; proper; correct; becoming; as, the right man in the
right place; the right way from London to Oxford.

5. Characterized by reality or genuineness; real; actual; not
spurious. "His right wife." Chaucer.
In this battle, . . . the Britons never more plainly manifested
themselves to be right barbarians. Milton.

6. According with truth; passing a true judgment; conforming to fact
or intent; not mistaken or wrong; not erroneous; correct; as, this is
the right faith.
You are right, Justice, and you weigh this well. Shak.
If there be no prospect beyond the grave, the inference is . . .
right, "Let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die." Locke.

7. Most favorable or convenient; fortunate.
The lady has been disappointed on the right side. Spectator.

8. Of or pertaining to that side of the body in man on which the
muscular action is usually stronger than on the other side; --
opposed to left when used in reference to a part of the body; as, the
right side, hand, arm. Also applied to the corresponding side of the
lower animals.
Became the sovereign's favorite, his right hand. Longfellow.

Note: In designating the banks of a river, right and left are used
always with reference to the position of one who is facing in the
direction of the current's flow.

9. Well placed, disposed, or adjusted; orderly; well regulated;
correctly done.

10. Designed to be placed or worn outward; as, the right side of a
piece of cloth. At right angles, so as to form a right angle or right
angles, as when one line crosses another perpendicularly.
 -- Right and left, in both or all directions. [Colloq.] -- Right and
left coupling (Pipe fitting), a coupling the opposite ends of which
are tapped for a right-handed screw and a left-handed screw,
respectivelly.
 -- Right angle. (a) The angle formed by one line meeting another
perpendicularly, as the angles ABD, DBC. (b) (Spherics) A spherical
angle included between the axes of two great circles whose planes are
perpendicular to each other.
 -- Right ascension. See under Ascension.
 -- Right Center (Politics), those members belonging to the Center in
a legislative assembly who have sympathies with the Right on
political questions. See Center, n., 5.
 -- Right cone, Right cylinder, Right prism, Right pyramid (Geom.), a
cone, cylinder, prism, or pyramid, the axis of which is perpendicular
to the base.
 -- Right line. See under Line.
 -- Right sailing (Naut.), sailing on one of the four cardinal
points, so as to alter a ship's latitude or its longitude, but not
both. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
 -- Right sphere (Astron. & Geol.), a sphere in such a position that
the equator cuts the horizon at right angles; in spherical
projections, that position of the sphere in which the primitive plane
coincides with the plane of the equator.

Note: Right is used elliptically for it is right, what you say is
right, true.
"Right," cries his lordship. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Straight; direct; perpendicular; upright; lawful; rightful; true;
correct; just; equitable; proper; suitable; becoming.

RIGHT
Right, adv.

1. In a right manner.

2. In a right or straight line; directly; hence; straightway;
immediately; next; as, he stood right before me; it went right to the
mark; he came right out; he followed right after the guide.
Unto Dian's temple goeth she right. Chaucer.
Let thine eyes look right on. Prov. iv. 25.
Right across its track there lay, Down in the water, a long reef of
gold. Tennyson.

3. Exactly; just. [Obs. or Colloq.]
Came he right now to sing a raven's note Shak.

4. According to the law or will of God; conforming to the standard of
truth and justice; righteously; as, to live right; to judge right.

5. According to any rule of art; correctly.
You with strict discipline instructed right. Roscommon.

6. According to fact or truth; actually; truly; really; correctly;
exactly; as, to tell a story right. "Right at mine own cost."
Chaucer.
Right as it were a steed of Lumbardye. Chaucer.
His wounds so smarted that he slept right naught. Fairfax.

7. In a great degree; very; wholly; unqualifiedly; extremely; highly;
as, right humble; right noble; right valiant. "He was not right fat".
Chaucer.
For which I should be right sorry. Tyndale.
[I] return those duties back as are right fit. Shak.

Note: In this sense now chiefly prefixed to titles; as, right
honorable; right reverend. Right honorable, a title given in England
to peers and peeresses, to the eldest sons and all daughters of such
peers as have rank above viscounts, and to all privy councilors;
also, to certain civic officers, as the lord mayor of London, of
York, and of Dublin.

Note: Right is used in composition with other adverbs, as upright,
downright, forthright, etc. Right along, without cessation;
continuously; as, to work right along for several hours. [Colloq.
U.S.] -- Right away, or Right off, at once; straightway; without
delay. [Colloq. U.S.] "We will . . . shut ourselves up in the office
and do the work right off." D. Webster.

RIGHT
Right, n. Etym: [AS. right. See Right, a.]

1. That which is right or correct. Specifically:
(a) The straight course; adherence to duty; obedience to lawful
authority, divine or human; freedom from guilt, -- the opposite of
moral wrong.
(b) A true statement; freedom from error of falsehood; adherence to
truth or fact.
Seldom your opinions err; Your eyes are always in the right. Prior.

(c) A just judgment or action; that which is true or proper; justice;
uprightness; integrity.
Long love to her has borne the faithful knight, And well deserved,
had fortune done him right. Dryden.

2. That to which one has a just claim. Specifically:
(a) That which one has a natural claim to exact.
There are no rights whatever, without corresponding duties.
Coleridge.

(b) That which one has a legal or social claim to do or to exact;
legal power; authority; as, a sheriff has a right to arrest a
criminal.
(c) That which justly belongs to one; that which one has a claim to
possess or own; the interest or share which anyone has in a piece of
property; title; claim; interest; ownership.
Born free, he sought his right. Dryden.
Hast thou not right to all created things Milton.
Men have no right to what is not reasonable. Burke.

(d) Privilege or immunity granted by authority.

3. The right side; the side opposite to the left.
Led her to the Souldan's right. Spenser.

4. In some legislative bodies of Europe (as in France), those members
collectively who are conservatives or monarchists. See Center, 5.

5. The outward or most finished surface, as of a piece of cloth, a
carpet, etc. At all right, at all points; in all respects. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
 -- Bill of rights, a list of rights; a paper containing a
declaration of rights, or the declaration itself. See under Bill.
 -- By right, By rights, or By good rights, rightly; properly;
correctly.
He should himself use it by right. Chaucer.
I should have been a woman by right. Shak.
-- Divine right, or Divine right of kings, a name given to the
patriarchal theory of government, especially to the doctrine that no
misconduct and no dispossession can forfeit the right of a monarch or
his heirs to the throne, and to the obedience of the people.
 -- To rights. (a) In a direct line; straight. [R.] Woodward. (b) At
once; directly. [Obs. or Colloq.] Swift.
 -- To set to rights, To put to rights, to put in good order; to
adjust; to regulate, as what is out of order.
 -- Writ of right (Law), a writ which lay to recover lands in fee
simple, unjustly withheld from the true owner. Blackstone.

RIGHT
Right, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Righted; p. pr. & vb. n. Righting.] Etym:
[AS. rihtan. See Right, a.]

1. To bring or restore to the proper or natural position; to set
upright; to make right or straight (that which has been wrong or
crooked); to correct.

2. To do justice to; to relieve from wrong; to restore rights to; to
assert or regain the rights of; as, to right the oppressed; to right
one's self; also, to vindicate.
So just is God, to right the innocent. Shak.
All experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer
while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing
the forms to which they are accustomed. Jefferson.
To right a vessel (Naut.), to restore her to an upright position
after careening.
 -- To right the helm (Naut.), to place it in line with the keel.

RIGHT
Right, v. i.

1. To recover the proper or natural condition or position; to become
upright.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Hence, to regain an upright position, as a ship or boat, after
careening.

RIGHT-ABOUT
Right"-a*bout`, n. Etym: [Right, adv. + about, adv.]

Defn: A turning directly about by the right, so as to face in the
opposite direction; also, the quarter directly opposite; as, to turn
to the right-about. To send to the right-about, to cause to turn
toward the opposite point or quarter; -- hence, of troops, to cause
to turn and retreat. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.

RIGHT-ANGLED
Right"-an`gled, a.

Defn: Containing a right angle or right angles; as, a right-angled
triangle.

RIGHTEN
Right"en, v. t.

Defn: To do justice to. [Obs.]
Relieve [marginal reading, righten] the opressed. Isa. i. 17.

RIGHTEOUS
Right"eous, a. Etym: [OE. rightways, rightwise, AS.rightwis; riht
right + wis wise, having wisdom, prudent. See Right, a., Wise, a.]

Defn: Doing, or according with, that which is right; yielding to all
their due; just; equitable; especially, free from wrong, guilt, or
sin; holy; as, a righteous man or act; a righteous retribution.
Fearless in his righteous cause. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Upright; just; godly; holy; uncorrupt; virtuous; honest;
equitable; rightful.

RIGHTEOUSED
Right"eoused, a.

Defn: Made righteous. [Obs.]

RIGHTEOUSLY
Right"eous*ly, adv. Etym: [AS. rightwislice.]

Defn: In a righteous manner; as, to judge righteously.

RIGHTEOUSNESS
Right"eous*ness, n. Etym: [AS. rihtwisnes.]

1. The quality or state of being righteous; holiness; purity;
uprightness; rectitude.

Note: Righteousness, as used in Scripture and theology, in which it
chiefly occurs, is nearly equivalent to holiness, comprehending holy
principles and affections of heart, and conformity of life to the
divine law.

2. A righteous act, or righteous quality.
All our righteousnesses are as filthy rags. Isa. lxiv. 6.

3. The act or conduct of one who is righteous.
Blessed are they that keep judgment, and he that doeth right at all
times. Ps. cvi. 3.

4. (Theol.)

Defn: The state of being right with God; justification; the work of
Christ, which is the ground justification.
There are two kinds of Christian righteousness: the one without us,
which we have by imputation; the other in us, which consisteth of
faith, hope, and charity, and other Christian virtues. Hooker.
Only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us, and received by
faith alone. Westminster Catechism.

Syn.
 -- Uprightness; holiness; godliness; equity; justice; rightfulness;
integryty; honesty; faithfulness.

RIGHTER
Right"er, n.

Defn: One who sets right; one who does justice or redresses wrong.
Shelton.

RIGHTFUL
Right"ful, a.

1. Righteous; upright; just; good; -- said of persons. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

2. Consonant to justice; just; as, a rightful cause.

3. Having the right or just claim according to established laws;
being or holding by right; as, the rightful heir to a throne or an
estate; a rightful king.

4. Belonging, held, or possessed by right, or by just claim; as, a
rightful inheritance; rightful authority.

Syn.
 -- Just; lawful; true; honest; equitable; proper.

RIGHTFULLY
Right"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: According to right or justice.

RIGHTFULNESS
Right"ful*ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being rightful; accordance with right and
justice.

2. Moral rectitude; righteousness. [Obs.] Wyclif.
We fail of perfect rightfulness. Sir P. Sidney.

RIGHT-HAND
Right"-hand`, a.

1. Situated or being on the right; nearer the right hand than the
left; as, the right-hand side, room, or road.

2. Chiefly relied on; almost indispensable.
Mr. Alexander Truncheon, who is their right-hand man in the troop.
Addison.
Right-hand rope, a rope which is laid up and twisted with the sun,
that is, in the same direction as plain-laid rope. See Illust. of
Cordage.

RIGHT-HANDED
Right"-*hand`ed, a.

1. Using the right hand habitually, or more easily than the left.

2. Having the same direction or course as the movement of the hands
of a watch seen in front; -- said of the motion of a revolving object
looked at from a given direction.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the whorls rising from left to right; dextral; -- said
of spiral shells. See Illust. of Scalaria. Right-handed screw, a
screw, the threads of which, like those of a common wood screw, wind
spirally in such a direction that screw advances away from the
observer when turned with a right-handed movement in a fixed nut.

RIGHT-HANDEDNESS
Right"-hand`ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being right-handed; hence, skill;
dexterity.

RIGHT-HEARTED
Right"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Having a right heart or disposition.
 -- Right"-heart`ed*ness, n.

RIGHTLESS
Right"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of right. Sylvester.

RIGHT-LINED
Right"-lined`, a.

Defn: Formed by right lines; rectilineal; as, a right-lined angle.

RIGHTLY
Right"ly, adv. Etym: [AS. richtlice.]

1. Straightly; directly; in front. [Obs.] Shak.

2. According to justice; according to the divine will or moral
rectitude; uprightly; as, duty rightly performed.

3. Properly; fitly; suitably; appropriately.
Eve rightly called, Mother of all mankind. Milton.

4. According to truth or fact; correctly; not erroneously; exactly.
"I can not rightly say." Shak.
Thou didst not rightly see. Dryden.

RIGHT-MINDED
Right"-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having a right or honest mind.
 -- Right"-mind`ed*ness, n.

RIGHTNESS
Right"ness, n. Etym: [AS. richtnes.] .

Defn: Straightness; as, the rightness of a line. Bacon.

2. The quality or state of being right; right relation.
The craving for rightness with God. J. C. Shairp.

RIGHT-RUNNING
Right"-run`ning, a.

Defn: Straight; direct.

RIGHTWARD
Right"ward, adv.

Defn: Toward the right.
Rightward and leftward rise the rocks. Southey.

RIGHT WHALE
Right" whale`. (Zoöl.)
(a) The bowhead, Arctic, or Greenland whale (Balæna mysticetus), from
whose mouth the best whalebone is obtained.
(b) Any other whale that produces valuable whalebone, as the
Atlantic, or Biscay, right whale (Balæna cisarctica), and the Pacific
right whale (B. Sieboldii); a bone whale. Pygmy right whale (Zoöl.),
a small New Zealand whale (Neobalæna marginata) which is only about
sixteen feet long. It produces short, but very elastic and tough,
whalebone.

RIGHTWISE
Right"wise`, a.

Defn: Righteous. [Obs.] Wyclif.

RIGHTWISE
Right"wise`, v. t.

Defn: To make righteous. [Obs.]

RIGHTWISELY
Right"wise`ly, adv.

Defn: Righteously. [Obs.]

RIGHTWISENESS
Right"wise`ness, n.

Defn: Righteousness. [Obs.]
In doom and eke in rightwisnesse. Chaucer.

RIGID
Rig"id, a. Etym: [L. rigidus, fr. rigere to be stiff or numb: cf. F.
rigide. Cf. Rigor. ]

1. Firm; stiff; unyielding; not pliant; not flexible.
Upright beams innumerable Of rigid spears. Milton.

2. Hence, not lax or indulgent; severe; inflexible; strict; as, a
rigid father or master; rigid discipline; rigid criticism; a rigid
sentence.
The more rigid order of principles in religion and government.
Hawthorne.

Syn.
 -- Stiff; unpliant; inflexible; unyielding; strict; exact; severe;
austere; stern; rigorous; unmitigated.

RIGIDITY
Ri*gid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. rigiditas: cf. F. rigidité. See Rigid.]

1. The quality or state of being rigid; want of pliability; the
quality of resisting change of from; the amount of resistance with
which a body opposes change of form; -- opposed to flexibility,
ductility, malleability, and softness.

2. Stiffness of appearance or manner; want of ease or elegance. Sir
H. Wotton.

3. Severity; rigor. [Obs. orR.] Bp. Burnet.

Syn.
 -- Stiffness; rigidness; inflexibility.

RIGIDLY
Rig"id*ly, v.

Defn: In a rigid manner; stiffly.

RIGIDNESS
Rig"id*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being rigid.

RIGIDULOUS
Ri*gid"u*lous, a. Etym: [Dim. from rigid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Somewhat rigid or stiff; as, a rigidulous bristle.

RIGLET
Rig"let, n. (Print.)

Defn: See Reglet.

RIGMAROLE
Rig"ma*role, n. Etym: [For ragman roll. See Ragman's roll.]

Defn: A succession of confused or nonsencial statements; foolish
talk; nonsense. [Colloq.]
Often one's dear friend talks something which one scruples to call
rigmarole. De Quincey.

RIGMAROLE
Rig"ma*role, a.

Defn: Consisting of rigmarole; frovolous; nonsensical; foolish.

RIGOL
Rig"ol, n. Etym: [OE. also ringol. Cf. Ring.]

Defn: A circle; hence, a diadem. [Obs.] Shak.

RIGOLETTE
Rig`o*lette", n. [Prob. fr. Rigolette, name of a girl in Eugene Sue's
novel "Mystères de Paris."]

Defn: A woman's light scarflike head covering, usually knit or
crocheted of wool.

RIGOLL
Rig"oll, n. Etym: [Corruupted fr. regal.]

Defn: A musical instrument formerly in use, consisting of several
sticks bound together, but separated by beads, and played with a
stick with a ball at its end. Moore (Encyc. of Music. ).

RIGOR
Ri"gor, n. Etym: [L. See Rigor., below.]

1. Rigidity; stiffness.

2. (ed.)

Defn: A sense of chilliness, with contraction of the skin; a
convulsive shuddering or tremor, as in the chill preceeding a fever.
Rigor caloris ( Etym: [L., rigor of heat] (Physiol.), a form of rigor
mortis induced by heat, as when the muscle of a mammal is heated to
about 50ºC.
 -- Rigor mortis ( Etym: [L. , rigor of death] , death stiffening;
the rigidity of the muscles that occurs at death and lasts till
decomposition sets in. It is due to the formation of myosin by the
coagulation of the contents of the individual muscle fibers.

RIGOR
Rig"or, n. Etym: [OE. rigour, OF. rigour, F. rigueur, from L. rigor,
fr. rigere to be stiff. See Rigid.] [Written also rigour.]

1. The becoming stiff or rigid; the state of being rigid; rigidity;
stiffness; hardness.
The rest his look Bound with Gorgonian rigor not to move. Milton.

2. (Med.)

Defn: See 1st Rigor, 2.

3. Severity of climate or season; inclemency; as, the rigor of the
storm; the rigors of winter.

4. Stiffness of opinion or temper; rugged sternness; hardness;
relentless severity; hard-heartedness; cruelty.
All his rigor is turned to grief and pity. Denham.
If I shall be condemn'd Upon surmises, . . . I tell you 'T is rigor
and not law. Shak.

5. Exactness without allowance, deviation, or indulgence; strictness;
as, the rigor of criticism; to execute a law with rigor; to enforce
moral duties with rigor; -- opposed to Ant: lenity.

6. Severity of life; austerity; voluntary submission to pain,
abstinence, or mortification.
The prince lived in this convent with all the rigor and austerity of
a capuchin. Addison.

7. Violence; force; fury. [Obs.]
Whose raging rigor neither steel nor brass could stay. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- Stiffness; rigidness; inflexibility; severity; austerity;
sternness; harshness; strictness; exactness.

RIGORISM
Rig"or*ism, n.

1. Rigidity in principle or practice; strictness; -- opposed to
laxity.

2. Severity, as of style, or the like. Jefferson.

RIGORIST
Rig"or*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rigoriste.]

Defn: One who is rigorous; -- sometimes applied to an extreme
Jansenist.

RIGOROUS
Rig"or*ous, a. Etym: [F. rigoureux, LL. rigorosus. See Rigor.]

1. Manifesting, exercising, or favoring rigor; allowing no abatement
or mitigation; scrupulously accurate; exact; strict; severe;
relentless; as, a rigorous officer of justice; a rigorous execution
of law; a rigorous definition or demonstration.
He shall be thrown down the Tarpeian Rock With rigorous hands. Shak.
We do not connect the scattered phenomena into their rigorous unity.
De Quincey.

2. Severe; intense; inclement; as, a rigorous winter.

3. Violent. [Obs.] "Rigorous uproar." Spenser.

Syn.
 -- Rigid; inflexible; unyielding; stiff; severe; austere; stern;
harsh; strict; exact.
 -- Rig"or*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Rig"or*ous*ness, n.

RIGSDAG
Rigs"dag, n. [Dan. Cf. Reichstag.]

Defn: See Legislature, Denmark.

RIGSDALER
Rigs"da`ler, n. Etym: [Dan. See Rix-dollar.]

Defn: A Danish coin worth about fifty-four cents. It was former unit
of value in Denmark.

RIG-VEDA
Rig`-Ve"da.

Defn: See Veda.

RIKSDALER
Riks"da`ler, n. Etym: [Sw. See Rix-dollar.]

Defn: A Swedish coin worth about twenty-seven cents. It was formerly
the unit of value in Sweden.

RILE
Rile, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Riled; p. pr. & vb. n. Riling.] Etym: [See
Roil.]

1. To render turbid or muddy; to stir up; to roil.

2. To stir up in feelings; to make angry; to vex.

Note: In both senses provincial in England and colloquial in the
United States.

RILIEVO
Ri*lie"vo, n.Etym: [It. See Relief.] (Sculp. & Arch.)

Defn: Same as Relief, n.,5.

RILL
Rill, n. Etym: [Cf. LG. rille a small channel or brook, a furrow, a
chamfer, OE. rigol a small brook, F. rigole a trench or furrow for
water, W. rhill a row, rhigol a little ditch. sq. root11.]

1. A very small brook; a streamlet.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: See Rille.

RILL
Rill, v. i.

Defn: To run a small stream. [R.] Prior.

RILLE
Rille, n. Etym: [G. rille a furrow.] (Astron.)

Defn: One of certain narrow, crooked valleys seen, by aid of the
telescope, on the surface of the moon.

RILLET
Rill"et, n.

Defn: A little rill. Burton.

RILY
Ri"ly, a.

Defn: Roily. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]

RIM
Rim, n. Etym: [As. rima, reoma, edge; cf. W. rhim, rhimp, a rim,
edge, boundary, termination, Armor, rim. Cf. Rind.]

1. The border, edge, or margin of a thing, usually of something
circular or curving; as, the rim of a kettle or basin.

2. The lower part of the abdomen. [Obs.] Shak. Arch rim (Phonetics),
the line between the gums and the palate.
 -- Rim-fire cartridge. (Mil.) See under Cartridge.
 -- Rim lock. See under Lock.

RIM
Rim, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rimmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Rimming.]

Defn: To furnish with a rim; to border.

RIMA
Ri"ma, n.; pl. Rimæ. Etym: [L.] (Anat.)

Defn: A narrow and elongated aperture; a cleft; a fissure.

RIMAU DAHAN
Ri"mau da"han. Etym: [From the native Oriental name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The clouded tiger cat (Felis marmorata) of Southern Asia and
the East Indies.

RIMBASE
Rim"base`, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A short cylinder connecting a trunnion with the body of a
cannon. See Illust. of Cannon.

RIME
Rime, n. Etym: [L. rima.]

Defn: A rent or long aperture; a chink; a fissure; a crack. Sir T.
Browne.

RIME
Rime, n. Etym: [AS. hrim; akin to D. rijm, Icel. hrim, Dan. rim, Sw.
rim; cf. D. rijp, G. reif, OHG. rifo, hrifo.]

Defn: White frost; hoarfrost; congealed dew or vapor.
The trees were now covered with rime. De Quincey.

RIME
Rime, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rimed; p. pr. & vb. n. Riming.]

Defn: To freeze or congeal into hoarfrost.

RIME
Rime, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A step or round of a ladder; a rung.

RIME
Rime, n.

Defn: Rhyme. See Rhyme. Coleridge. Landor.

Note: This spelling, which is etymologically preferable, is coming
into use again.

RIME
Rime, v. i. & t.

Defn: To rhyme. See Rhyme.

RIMER
Rim"er, n.

Defn: A rhymer; a versifier.

RIMER
Rim"er, n.

Defn: A tool for shaping the rimes of a ladder.

RIMEY
Rim"ey, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. rimoier. See Ryime.]

Defn: To compose in rhyme; to versify. [Obs.]
[Lays] rimeyed in their first Breton tongue. Chaucer.

RIM-FIRE
Rim"-fire`, a.

Defn: Having the percussion fulminate in a rim surrounding the base,
distinguished from center-fire; -- said of cartridges; also, using
rim-fire cartridges; as, a rim-fire gun. Such cartridges are now
little used.

RIMMER
Rim"mer, n.

Defn: An implement for cutting, trimming, or ornamenting the rim of
anything, as the edges of pies, etc.; also, a reamer. Knight.

RIMOSE
Ri*mose", a. Etym: [L. rimosus, fr. rima a chink: cf. F. rimeux.]

1. Full of rimes, fissures, or chinks.

2. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Having long and nearly parallel clefts or chinks, like those in
the bark of trees.

RIMOSELY
Ri*mose"ly, adv.

Defn: In a rimose manner.

RIMOSITY
Ri*mos"i*ty, n.

Defn: State of being rimose.

RIMOUS
Rim"ous, a.

Defn: Rimose.

RIMPLE
Rim"ple, n. Etym: [AS. hrimpele, or rimpel. See Rumple.]

Defn: A fold or wrinkle. See Rumple.

RIMPLE
Rim"ple, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Rimpled; p. pr. & vb. n. Rimpling.]

Defn: To rumple; to wrinkle.

RIMY
Rim"y, a.

Defn: Abounding with rime; frosty.

RINCON
Rin*con", n.; pl. Rincones (#). [Sp. rincón.]

Defn: An interior corner; a nook; hence, an angular recess or hollow
bend in a mountain, river, cliff, or the like. [Western & Southern U.
S.] D. S. Jordan.

RIND
Rind, n. Etym: [AS. rind bark, crust of bread; akin rinta, G. rinde,
and probably to E. rand, rim; cf. Skr. ram to end, rest.]

Defn: The external covering or coat, as of flesh, fruit, trees, etc.;
skin; hide; bark; peel; shell.
Thou canst not touch the freedom of my mind With all thy charms,
although this corporal rind Thou hast immanacled. Milton.
Sweetest nurind. Shak.

RIND
Rind, v. t.

Defn: To remove the rind of; to bark. [R.]

RINDERPEST
Rin"der*pest, n. Etym: [G., fr. rind, pl. rinder, cattle + pest pest,
plague.]

Defn: A highly contagious distemper or murrain, affecting neat
cattle, and less commonly sheep and goats; -- called also cattle
plague, Russian cattle plague, and steppe murrain.

RINDLE
Rin"dle, n. Etym: [AS. rynele. sq. root11. See Run.]

Defn: A small water course or gutter. Ash.

RINDLESS
Rind"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a rind.

RINDY
Rind"y, a.

Defn: Having a rind or skin. Ash.

RINE
Rine, n.

Defn: See Rind. [Obs.] Spenser.

RINED
Rined, a.

Defn: Having a rind [Obs.] Milton.

RINFORZANDO
Rin`for*zan"do, a. Etym: [It., fr. rinfor to reënforce, strengthen.]
(Mus.)

Defn: Increasing; strengthening; -- a direction indicating a sudden
increase of force (abbreviated rf., rfz.) Cf. Forzando, and
Sforzando.

RING
Ring, v. t. [imp. Rang or Rung (; p. p. Rung; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ringing.] Etym: [AS. hringan; akin to Icel. hringja, Sw. ringa, Dan.
ringe, OD. ringhen, ringkelen. sq. root19.]

1. To cause to sound, especially by striking, as a metallic body; as,
to ring a bell.

2. To make (a sound), as by ringing a bell; to sound.
The shard-borne beetle, with his drowsy hums, Hath rung night's
yawning peal. Shak.

3. To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly. To ring a peal, to ring a
set of changes on a chime of bells.
 -- To ring the changes upon. See under Change.
 -- To ring in or out, to usher, attend on, or celebrate, by the
ringing of bells; as, to ring out the old year and ring in the new.
Tennyson.
 -- To ring the bells backward, to sound the chimes, reversing the
common order; -- formerly done as a signal of alarm or danger. Sir W.
Scott.

RING
Ring, v. i.

1. To sound, as a bell or other sonorous body, particularly a
metallic one.
Now ringen trompes loud and clarion. Chaucer.
Why ring not out the bells Shak.

2. To practice making music with bells. Holder.

3. To sound loud; to resound; to be filled with a
With sweeter notes each rising temple rung. Pope.
The hall with harp and carol rang. Tennyson.
My ears still ring with noise. Dryden.

4. To continue to sound or vibrate; to resound.
The assertion is still ringing in our ears. Burke.

5. To be filled with report or talk; as, the whole town rings with
his fame.

RING
Ring, n.

1. A sound; especially, the sound of vibrating metals; as, the ring
of a bell.

2. Any loud sound; the sound of numerous voices; a sound continued,
repeated, or reverberated.
The ring of acclamations fresh in his ears. Bacon

3. A chime, or set of bells harmonically tuned.
As great and tunable a ring of bells as any in the world. Fuller.

RING
Ring, n. Etym: [AS. hring, hrinc; akin to Fries. hring, D. & G. ring,
OHG. ring, hring, Icel. hringr, DAn. & SW. ring; cf. Russ. krug'. Cf.
Harangue, Rank a row,Rink.]

Defn: A circle, or a circular line, or anything in the form of a
circular line or hoop.

2. Specifically, a circular ornament of gold or other precious
material worn on the finger, or attached to the ear, the nose, or
some other part of the person; as, a wedding ring.
Upon his thumb he had of gold a ring. Chaucer.
The dearest ring in Venice will I give you. Shak.

3. A circular area in which races are or run or other sports are
performed; an arena.
Place me. O, place me in the dusty ring, Where youthful charioteers
contened for glory. E. Smith.

4. An inclosed space in which pugilists fight; hence, figuratively,
prize fighting. "The road was an institution, the ring was an
institution." Thackeray.

5. A circular group of persons.
And hears the Muses in a Aye round about Jove's alter sing. Milton.

6. (Geom.)
(a) The plane figure included between the circumferences of two
concentric circles.
(b) The solid generated by the revolution of a circle, or other
figure, about an exterior straight line (as an axis) lying in the
same plane as the circle or other figure.

7. (Astron. & Navigation)

Defn: An instrument, formerly used for taking the sun's altitude,
consisting of a brass ring suspended by a swivel, with a hole at one
side through which a solar ray entering indicated the altitude on the
graduated inner surface opposite.

8. (Bot.)

Defn: An elastic band partly or wholly encircling the spore cases of
ferns. See Illust. of Sporangium.

9. A clique; an exclusive combination of persons for a selfish
purpose, as to control the market, distribute offices, obtain
contracts, etc.
The ruling ring at Constantinople. E. A. Freeman.
Ring armor, armor composed of rings of metal. See Ring mail, below,
and Chain mail, under Chain.
 -- Ring blackbird (Zoöl.), the ring ousel.
 -- Ring canal (Zoöl.), the circular water tube which surrounds the
esophagus of echinoderms.
 -- Ring dotterel, or Ringed dotterel. (Zoöl.) See Dotterel, and
Illust. of Pressiroster.
 -- Ring dropper, a sharper who pretends to have found a ring
(dropped by himself), and tries to induce another to buy it as
valuable, it being worthless.
 -- Ring fence. See under Fence.
 -- Ring finger, the third finger of the left hand, or the next the
little finger, on which the ring is placed in marriage.
 -- Ring formula (Chem.), a graphic formula in the shape of a closed
ring, as in the case of benzene, pyridine, etc. See Illust. under
Benzene.
 -- Ring mail, a kind of mail made of small steel rings sewed upon a
garment of leather or of cloth.
 -- Ring micrometer. (Astron.) See Circular micrometer, under
Micrometer.
 -- Saturn's rings. See Saturn.
 -- Ring ousel. (Zoöl.) See Ousel.
 -- Ring parrot (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World
parrakeets having a red ring around the neck, especially Palæornis
torquatus, common in India, and P. Alexandri of Java.
 -- Ring plover. (Zoöl.) (a) The ringed dotterel. (b) Any one of
several small American plovers having a dark ring around the neck, as
the semipalmated plover (Ægialitis semipalmata).
 -- Ring snake (Zoöl.), a small harmless American snake (Diadophis
punctatus) having a white ring around the neck. The back is ash-
colored, or sage green, the belly of an orange red.
 -- Ring stopper. (Naut.) See under Stopper.
 -- Ring thrush (Zoöl.), the ring ousel.
 -- The prize ring, the ring in which prize fighters contend; prize
fighters, collectively.
 -- The ring. (a) The body of sporting men who bet on horse races.
[Eng.] (b) The prize ring.

RING
Ring, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ringed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ringing.]

1. To surround with a ring, or as with a ring; to encircle. "Ring
these fingers." Shak.

2. (Hort.)

Defn: To make a ring around by cutting away the bark; to girdle; as,
to ring branches or roots.

3. To fit with a ring or with rings, as the fingers, or a swine's
snout.

RING
Ring, v. i. (Falconry)

Defn: To rise in the air spirally.

RING ARMATURE
Ring armature. (Elec.)

Defn: An armature for a dynamo or motor having the conductors wound
on a ring.

RINGBILL
Ring"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ring-necked scaup duck; -- called also ring-billed
blackhead. See Scaup.

RINGBIRD
Ring"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The reed bunting. It has a collar of white feathers. Called
also ring bunting.

RINGBOLT
Ring"bolt`, n.

Defn: An eyebolt having a ring through the eye.

RINGBONE
Ring"bone`, n. (Far.)

Defn: A morbid growth or deposit of bony matter between or on the
small pastern and the great pastern bones. J. H. Walsh.

RINGDOVE
Ring"dove`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European wild pigeon (Columba palumbus) having a white
crescent on each side of the neck, whence the name. Called also wood
pigeon, and cushat.

RINGED
Ringed, a.

1. Encircled or marked with, or as with, a ring or rings.

2. Wearning a wedding ring; hence, lawfully wedded. "A ringed wife."
Tennyson. Ringed seal (Zoöl.), a North Pacific seal (Phoca foetida)
having ringlike spots on the body.
 -- Ringed snake (Zoöl.), a harmless European snake (Tropidonotus
natrix) common in England.
 -- Ringed worm (Zoöl.), an annelid.

RINGENT
Rin"gent, a. Etym: [L. ringens, -entis, p. pr. of ringi to open wide
the mouth: cf. F. ringent.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the lips widely separated and gaping like an open mouth;
as a ringent bilabiate corolla.

RINGER
Ring"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, rings; especially, one who rings chimes on
bells.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A crowbar. Simmonds.

RINGER
Ring"er, n. (Horse Racing)

Defn: A horse that is not entitled to take part in a race, but is
fraudulently got into it.

RINGHEAD
Ring"head`, n. (Cloth Manuf.)

Defn: An instrument used for stretching woolen cloth.

RINGING
Ring"ing,

Defn: a & n. from Ring, v. Ringing engine, a simple form of pile
driver in which the monkey is lifted by men pulling on ropes.

RINGINGLY
Ring"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a ringing manner.

RINGLEADER
Ring"lead`er, n.

1. The leader of a circle of dancers; hence, the leader of a number
of persons acting together; the leader of a herd of animals.
A primacy of order, such an one as the ringleader hath in a dance.
Barrow.

2. Opprobriously, a leader of a body of men engaged in the violation
of law or in an illegal enterprise, as rioters, mutineers, or the
like.
The ringleaders were apprehended, tried, fined, and imprisoned.
Macaulay.

RINGLESTONE
Ring"le*stone`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ringed dotterel, or ring plover. [Prov.Eng.]

RINGLET
Ring"let, n. Etym: [Ring + -let.]

1. A small ring; a small circle; specifically, a fairy ring.
You demi-puppets, that By moonshine do the green sour ringlets make,
Whereof the ewe not bites. Shak.

2. A curl; especially, a curl of hair.
[Her golden tresses] in wanton ringlets waved. Milton.

RINGMAN
Ring"man, n.; pl. Ringmen (.

Defn: The ring finger. [Obs.] Ascham

RINGMASTER
Ring"mas`ter, n.

Defn: One in charge of the performances (as of horses) within the
ring in a circus.

RINGNECK
Ring"neck`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small plovers of the genus
Ægialitis, having a ring around the neck. The ring is black in
summer, but becomes brown or gray in winter. The semipalmated plover
(Æ. semipalmata) and the piping plover (Æ. meloda) are common North
American species. Called also ring plover, and ring-necked plover.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ring-necked duck.

RING-NECKED
Ring"-necked`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a well defined ring of color around the neck. Ring-
necked duck (Zool.), an American scaup duck (Aythya collaris). The
head, neck, and breast of the adult male are black, and a narrow, but
conspicuous, red ring encircles the neck. This ring is absent in the
female. Called also ring-neck, ring-necked blackhead, ringbill,
tufted duck, and black jack.

RINGSAIL
Ring"sail`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Ringtail,2.

RINGSTRAKED
Ring"straked`, a.

Defn: Ring-streaked.
Cattle ringstraked, speckled, and spotted. Gen. xxx. 39.

RING-STREAKED
Ring"-streaked`, a.

Defn: Having circular streaks or lines on the body; as, ring-streaked
goats.

RINGTAIL
Ring"tail`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird having a distinct band of color across the tail, as the
hen harrier.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A light sail set abaft and beyong the leech of a boom-and-gaff
sail; -- called also ringsail. Ringtail boom (Naut.), a spar which is
rigged on a boom for setting a ringtail.

RING-TAILED
Ring"-tailed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the tail crossed by conspicuous bands of color. Ring-
tailed cat (Zoöl.), the cacomixle.
 -- Ring-tailed eagle (Zoöl.), a young golden eagle.

RINGTOSS
Ring"toss`, n.

Defn: A game in which the object is to toss a ring so that it will
catch upon an upright stick.

RING WINDING
Ring winding. (Elec.)

Defn: Armature winding in which the wire is wound round the outer and
inner surfaces alternately of an annular or cylindrical core.

RINGWORM
Ring"worm", n. (Med.)

Defn: A contagious affection of the skin due to the presence of a
vegetable parasite, and forming ring-shaped discolored patches
covered with vesicles or powdery scales. It occurs either on the
body, the face, or the scalp. Different varieties are distinguished
as Tinea circinata, Tinea tonsurans, etc., but all are caused by the
same parasite (a species of Trichophyton).

RINK
Rink, n. Etym: [Scot. renk, rink, rynk, a course, a race; probably
fr. AS. hring a ring. See Ring.]

1. The smooth and level extent of ice marked off for the game of
curling.

2. An artificial sheet of ice, generally under cover, used for
skating; also, a floor prepared for skating on with roller skates, or
a building with such a floor.

RINKER
Rink"er, n.

Defn: One who skates at a rink. [Colloq.]

RINKING
Rink"ing, n.

Defn: Skating in a rink. [Colloq.]

RINSE
Rinse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rinsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Rinsing.] Etym:
[OE., fr. OF. rincer, rimser, reinser, raïncier, F. rincer; of
uncertain origin.]

1. To wash lightly; to cleanse with a second or repeated application
of water after washing.

2. To cleancse by the introduction of water; -- applied especially to
hollow vessels; as, to rinse a bottle. "Like a glass did break i' the
rinsing." Shak.

RINSE
Rinse, n.

Defn: The act of rinsing.

RINSER
Rins"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, rinses.

RIOT
Ri"ot, n. Etym: [OF. riote, of uncertain origin; cf. OD. revot,
ravot.]

1. Wanton or unrestrained behavior; uproar; tumult.
His headstrong riot hath no curb. Shak.

2. Excessive and exxpensive feasting; wild and loose festivity;
revelry.
Venus loveth riot and dispense. Chaucer.
The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day. Pope.

3. (Law)

Defn: The tumultuous disturbance of the public peace by an unlawful
assembly of three or more persons in the execution of some private
object. To run riot, to act wantonly or without restraint.

RIOT
Ri"ot, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rioted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rioting.] Etym:
[OF. rioter; cf. OD. ravotten.]

1. To engage in riot; to act in an unrestrained or wanton manner; to
indulge in excess of luxury, feasting, or the like; to revel; to run
riot; to go to excess.
Now he exact of all, wastes in delight, Riots in pleasure, and
neglects the law. Daniel.
No pulse that riots, and no blood that glows. Pope.

2. (Law)

Defn: To disturb the peace; to raise an uproar or sedition. See Riot,
n., 3. Johnson.

RIOT
Ri"ot, v. t.

Defn: To spend or pass in riot.
[He] had rioted his life out. Tennyson.

RIOTER
Ri"ot*er, n.

1. One who riots; a reveler; a roisterer. Chaucer.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who engages in a riot. See Riot, n., 3.

RIOTISE
Ri"ot*ise, n.

Defn: Excess; tumult; revelry. [Obs.]
His life he led in lawless riotise. Spenser.

RIOTOUR
Ri"ot*our (-oor), n.

Defn: A rioter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RIOTOUS
Ri"ot*ous, a. Etym: [OF. rioteux.]

1. Involving, or engaging in, riot; wanton; unrestrained; luxurious.
The younger son . . . took his journey into a far country, and there
wasted his substance with riotous living. Luke xv. 13.

2. Partaking of the nature of an unlawful assembly or its acts;
seditious.
 -- Ri"ot*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Ri"ot*ous*ness, n.

RIOTRY
Ri"ot*ry, n.

Defn: The act or practice of rioting; riot. "Electioneering riotry."
Walpole.

RIP
Rip, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. hrip a box or basket; perhaps akin to E.
corb. Cf. Ripier.]

Defn: A wicker fish basket.

RIP
Rip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ripped; p. pr. & vb. n. Ripping.] Etym: [Cf.
AS. rypan, also Sw. repa to ripple flax, D. repelen, G. reffen,
riffeln, and E. raff, raffle. Cf. Raff, Ripple of flax.]

1. To divide or separate the parts of, by cutting or tearing; to tear
or cut open or off; to tear off or out by violence; as, to rip a
garment by cutting the stitches; to rip off the skin of a beast; to
rip up a floor; -- commonly used with up, open, off.

2. To get by, or as by, cutting or tearing.
He 'll rip the fatal secret from her heart. Granville.

3. To tear up for search or disclosure, or for alteration; to search
to the bottom; to discover; to disclose; -- usually with up.
They ripped up all that had been done from the beginning of the
rebellion. Clarendon.
For brethern to debate and rip up their falling out in the ear of a
common enemy . . . is neither wise nor comely. Milton.

4. To saw (wood) lengthwise of the grain or fiber. Ripping chisel
(Carp.), a crooked chisel for cleaning out mortises. Knight.
 -- Ripping iron. (Shipbuilding) Same as Ravehook.
 -- Ripping saw. (Carp.) See Ripsaw.
 -- To rip out, to rap out, to utter hastily and violently; as, to
rip out an oath. [Colloq.] See To rap out, under Rap, v. t.

RIP
Rip, n.

1. A rent made by ripping, esp. by a seam giving way; a tear; a place
torn; laceration.

2. Etym: [Perh. a corruption of the first syllable of reprobate.]

Defn: A term applied to a mean, worthless thing or person, as to a
scamp, a debauchee, or a prostitute, or a worn-out horse. [Slang.]

3. A body of water made rough by the meeting of opposing tides or
currents.

RIPARIAN
Ri*pa"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. riparius, fr. ripa a bank. See River, and
cf. Arrive.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the bank of a river; as, riparian rights.

RIPARIOUS
Ri*pa"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. riparius.]

Defn: Growing along the banks of rivers; riparian.

RIP CORD
Rip cord. (Aëronautics)

Defn: A cord by which the gas bag of a balloon may be ripped open for
a limited distance to release the gas quickly and so cause immediate
descent.

RIPE
Ripe, n. Etym: [L. ripa.]

Defn: The bank of a river. [Obs.]

RIPE
Ripe, a. [Compar. Riper; superl. Ripest.] Etym: [AS. ripe; akin to
OS. ripi, D. rijp, G. rief, OHG. rift; cf. AS. rip harvest, ripan to
reap. Cf. Reap.]

1. Ready for reaping or gathering; having attained perfection;
mature; -- said of fruits, seeds, etc.; as, ripe grain.
So mayst thou live, till, like ripe fruit, thou drop Into thy
mother's lap. Milton.

2. Advanced to the state of fitness for use; mellow; as, ripe cheese;
ripe wine.

3. Having attained its full development; mature; perfected;
consummate. "Ripe courage." Chaucer.
He was a scholar, and a ripe and good one. Shak.

4. Maturated or suppurated; ready to discharge; -- said of sores,
tumors, etc.

5. Ready for action or effect; prepared.
While things were just ripe for a war. Addison.
I am not ripe to pass sentence on the gravest public bodies. Burke.

6. Like ripened fruit in ruddiness and plumpness.
Those happy smilets, That played on her ripe lip. Shak.

7. Intoxicated. [Obs.] "Reeling ripe." Shak.

Syn.
 -- Mature; complete; finished. See Mature.

RIPE
Ripe, v. i. Etym: [AS. ripian.]

Defn: To ripen; to grow ripe. [Obs.]

RIPE
Ripe, v. t.

Defn: To mature; to ripen. [Obs.] Shak.

RIPELY
Ripe"ly, adv.

Defn: Maturely; at the fit time. Shak.

RIPEN
Rip"en, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ripened;p. pr. & vb. n. Ripening.]

1. To grow ripe; to become mature, as grain, fruit, flowers, and the
like; as, grapes ripen in the sun.

2. To approach or come to perfection.

RIPEN
Rip"en, v. t.

1. To cause to mature; to make ripe; as, the warm days ripened the
corn.

2. To mature; to fit or prepare; to bring to perfection; as, to ripen
the judgment.
When faith and love, which parted from thee never, Had ripined thy
iust soul to dwell with God. Milton.

RIPENESS
Ripe"ness, n. Etym: [AS. ripness.]

Defn: The state or quality of being ripe; maturity;; completeness;
perfection; as, the ripeness of grain; ripeness of manhood; ripeness
of judgment.
Time, which made them their fame outlive, To Cowley scarce did
ripeness give. Denham.

RIPIDOLITE
Ri*pid"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A translucent mineral of a green color and micaceous structure,
belonging to the chlorite group; a hydrous silicate of alumina,
magnesia, and iron; -- called also clinochlore.

RIPIENIST
Ri*pi*e"nist, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A player in the ripieno portion of an orchestra. See Ripieno.

RIPIENO
Ri*pi*e"no, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Filling up; supplementary; supernumerary; -- a term applied to
those instruments which only swell the mass or tutti of an orchestra,
but are not obbligato.

RIPLER; RIPPER
Rip"ler, Rip"per, n. Etym: [Cf. Rip a basket, or Riparian.] (O.E.
Law)

Defn: One who brings fish from the seacoast to markets in inland
towns. [Obs.]
But what's the action we are for now Robbing a ripper of his fish.
Beau & Fl.

RIPOST
Ri*post", n. Etym: [F. riposte.]

1. In fencing, a return thrust after a parry.

2. A quick and sharp refort; a repartee. J. Morley.

RIPPER
Rip"per, n.

1. One who, or that which, rips; a ripping tool.

2. A tool for trimming the edges of roofing slates.

3. Anything huge, extreme, startling, etc. [Slang.]

RIPPER ACT; RIPPER BILL
Rip"per act or bill.

Defn: An act or a bill conferring upon a chief executive, as a
governor or mayor, large powers of appointment and removal of heads
of departments or other subordinate officials. [Polit. Cant, U. S.]

RIPPING CORD
Rip"ping cord. (Aëronautics)

Defn: = Rip cord.

RIPPING PANEL
Ripping panel. (Aëronautics)

Defn: A long patch, on a balloon, to be ripped off, by the rip cord,
at landing, in order to allow the immediate escape of gas and instant
deflation of the bag.

RIPPING STRIP
Ripping strip.

Defn: = Ripping panel.

RIPPLE
Rip"ple, n. Etym: [FRom Rip, v.]

Defn: An implement, with teeth like those of a comb, for removing the
seeds and seed vessels from flax, broom corn, etc.

RIPPLE
Rip"ple, v. t.

1. To remove the seeds from (the stalks of flax, etc.), by means of a
ripple.

2. Hence, to scratch or tear. Holland.

RIPPLE
Rip"ple, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rippled; p. pr. & vb. n. Rippling.]
Etym: [Cf. Rimple, Rumple.]

1. To become fretted or dimpled on the surface, as water when
agitated or running over a rough bottom; to be covered with small
waves or undulations, as a field of grain.

2. To make a sound as of water running gently over a rough bottom, or
the breaking of ripples on the shore.

RIPPLE
Rip"ple, v. t.

Defn: To fret or dimple, as the surface of running water; to cover
with small waves or undulations; as, the breeze rippled the lake.

RIPPLE
Rip"ple, n.

1. The fretting or dimpling of the surface, as of running water;
little curling waves.

2. A little wave or undulation; a sound such as is made by little
waves; as, a ripple of laughter. Ripple grass. (Bot.) See Ribwort.
 -- Ripple marks, a system of parallel ridges on sand, produced by
wind, by the current of a steam, or by the agitation of wind waves;
also (Geol.), a system of parallel ridges on the surface of a
sandstone stratum.

RIPPLE-MARKED
Rip"ple-marked`, a.

Defn: HAving ripple marks.

RIPPLET
Rip"plet, n.

Defn: A small ripple.

RIPPLINGLY
Rip"pling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rippling manner.

RIPPLY
Rip"ply, a.

Defn: Having ripples; as, ripply water; hence, resembling the sound
of rippling water; as, ripply laughter; a ripply cove. Keats.

RIPRAP
Rip"rap`, n. Etym: [Cf. Rap.] (Masonry)

Defn: A foundation or sustaining wall of stones thrown together
without order, as in deep water or on a soft bottom.

RIPRAP
Rip"rap`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Riprapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Riprapping.]

Defn: To form a riprap in or upon.

RIPSAW
Rip"saw`, Etym: [See Rip, v. t., 4.] (Carp.)

Defn: A handsaw with coarse teeth which have but a slight set, used
for cutting wood in the direction of the fiber; -- called also
ripping saw.

RIPTOWEL
Rip"tow*el, n. Etym: [AS. rip. harvest + a word of uncertain
etymology.] (Feud. Law)

Defn: A gratuity given to tenants after they had reaped their lord's
corn. [Obs.]

RIS
Ris, n. Etym: [AS. hris; akin to D. rils, G. reis, OHG. hris.]

Defn: A bough or branch; a twig. [Obs.]
As white as is the blossom upon the ris. Chaucer.

RISE
Rise, v. i. [imp. Rose; p. p. Risen; p. pr. & vb. n. Rising.] Etym:
[AS. risan; akin to OS. risan, D. rijzen, OHG. risan to rise, fall,
Icel. risa, Goth. urreisan, G. reise journey. CF. Arise, Raise, Rear,
v.]

1. To move from a lower position to a higher; to ascend; to mount up.
Specifically: -- (a) To go upward by walking, climbing, flying, or
any other voluntary motion; as, a bird rises in the air; a fish rises
to the bait.
(b) To ascend or float in a fluid, as gases or vapors in air, cork in
water, and the like.
(c) To move upward under the influence of a projecting force; as, a
bullet rises in the air.
(d) To grow upward; to attain a certain heght; as, this elm rises to
the height of seventy feet.
(e) To reach a higher level by increase of quantity or bulk; to
swell; as, a river rises in its bed; the mercury rises in the
thermometer.
(f) To become erect; to assume an upright position; as, to rise from
a chair or from a fall.
(g) To leave one's bed; to arise; as, to rise early.
He that would thrive, must rise by five. Old Proverb.

(h) To tower up; to be heaved up; as, the Alps rise far above the
sea.
(i) To slope upward; as, a path, a line, or surface rises in this
direction. "A rising ground." Dryden.
(j) To retire; to give up a siege.
He, rising with small honor from Gunza, . . . was gone. Knolles.

(k) To swell or puff up in the process of fermentation; to become
light, as dough, and the like.

2. To have the aspect or the effect of rising. Specifically: --
(a) To appear above the horizont, as the sun, moon, stars, and the
like. "He maketh his sun to rise on the evil and the good." Matt. v.
45.
(b) To become apparent; to emerge into sight; to come forth; to
appear; as, an eruption rises on the skin; the land rises to view to
one sailing toward the shore.
(c) To become perceptible to other senses than sight; as, a noise
rose on the air; odor rises from the flower.
(d) To have a beginning; to proceed; to originate; as, rivers rise in
lakes or springs.
A scepter shall rise out of Israel. Num. xxiv. 17.
Honor and shame from no condition rise. Pope.

3. To increase in size, force, or value; to proceed toward a climax.
Specifically: --
(a) To increase in power or fury; -- said of wind or a storm, and
hence, of passion. "High winde . . . began to rise, high passions --
anger, hate." Milton.
(b) To become of higher value; to increase in price.
Bullion is risen to six shillings . . . the ounce. Locke.

(c) To become larger; to swell; -- said of a boil, tumor, and the
like.
(d) To increase in intensity; -- said of heat.
(e) To become louder, or higher in pitch, as the voice.
(f) To increase in amount; to enlarge; as, his expenses rose beyond
his expectations.

4. In various figurative senses. Specifically: --
(a) To become excited, opposed, or hostile; to go to war; to take up
arms; to rebel.
At our heels all hell should rise With blackest insurrection. Milton.
No more shall nation against nation rise. Pope.

(b) To attain to a better social position; to be promoted; to excel;
to succeed.
Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall. Shak.

(c) To become more and more dignified or forcible; to increase in
interest or power; -- said of style, thought, or discourse; as, to
rise in force of expression; to rise in eloquence; a story rises in
interest.
(d) To come to mind; to be suggested; to occur.
A thought rose in me, which often perplexes men of contemplative
natures. Spectator.

(e) To come; to offer itself.
There chanced to the prince's hand to rise An ancient book. Spenser.

5. To ascend from the grave; to come to life.
But now is Christ risen from the dead. 1. Cor. xv. 20.

6. To terminate an official sitting; to adjourn; as, the committee
rose after agreeing to the report.
It was near nine . . . before the House rose. Macaulay.

7. To ascend on a musical scale; to take a higher pith; as, to rise a
tone or semitone.

8. (Print.)

Defn: To be lifted, or to admit of being lifted, from the imposing
stone without dropping any of the type; -- said of a form.

Syn.
 -- To arise; mount; ascend; climb; scale.
 -- Rise, Appreciate. Some in America use the word appreciate for
"rise in value;" as, stocks appreciate, money appreciates, etc. This
use is not unknown in England, but it is less common there. It is
undesirable, because rise sufficiently expresses the idea, and
appreciate has its own distinctive meaning, which ought not to be
confused with one so entirely different.

RISE
Rise, n.

1. The act of rising, or the state of being risen.

2. The distance through which anything rises; as, the rise of the
thermometer was ten degrees; the rise of the river was six feet; the
rise of an arch or of a step.

3. Land which is somewhat higher than the rest; as, the house stood
on a rise of land. [Colloq.]

4. Spring; source; origin; as, the rise of a stream.
All wickednes taketh its rise from the heart. R. Nelson.

5. Appearance above the horizon; as, the rise of the sun or of a
planet. Shak.

6. Increase; advance; augmentation, as of price, value, rank,
property, fame, and the like.
The rise or fall that may happen in his constant revenue by a Spanish
war. Sir W. Temple.

7. Increase of sound; a swelling of the voice.
The ordinary rises and falls of the voice. Bacon.

8. Elevation or ascent of the voice; upward change of key; as, a rise
of a tone or semitone.

9. The spring of a fish to seize food (as a fly) near the surface of
the water.

RISEN
Ris"en.

1. p. p. & a. from Rise. "Her risen Son and Lord." Keble.

2. Obs. imp. pl. of Rise. Chaucer.

RISER
Ris"er, n.

1. One who rises; as, an early riser.

2. (Arch.)
(a) The upright piece of a step, from tread to tread. Hence:
(b) Any small upright face, as of a seat, platform, veranda, or the
like.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A shaft excavated from below upward.

4. (Founding)

Defn: A feed head. See under Feed, n.

RISH
Rish, n.

Defn: A rush (the plant). [Obs.] Chaucer.

RISIBILITY
Ris`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [CF. F. risibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being risible; as, risibility is peculiar to the
human species.
A strong and obvious disposition to risibility. Sir W. Scott.

RISIBLE
Ris"i*ble, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. risibilis, fr. ridere, risum, to
laugh. Cf. Ridiculous.]

1. Having the faculty or power of laughing; disposed to laugh.
Laughing is our busines, . . . it has been made the definition of man
that he is risible. Dr. H. More.

2. Exciting laughter; worthy to be laughed at; amusing. "Risible
absurdities." Johnson.
I hope you find nothing risible in my complaisance. Sir W. Scott.

3. Used in, or expressing, laughter; as, risible muscles.

Note: Risible is sometimes used as a noun, in the plural, for the
feeling of amusement and for the muscles and other organs used in
laughing, collectively; as, unable to control one's risibles.

Syn.
 -- Ludicrous; laughable; amusing; ridiculous -- Risible, Ludicrous,
Ridiculous. Risible differs from ludicrous as species from genus;
ludicrous expressing that which is playful and sportive; risible,
that which may excite laughter. Risible differs from ridiculous, as
the latter implies something contemptuous, and risible does not.

--Ris"i*ble*ness(#), n.
 -- Ris"i*bly, adv.

RISING
Ris"ing, a.

1. Attaining a higher place; taking, or moving in, an upward
direction; appearing above the horizon; ascending; as, the rising
moon.

2. Increasing in wealth, power, or distinction; as, a rising state; a
rising character.
Among the rising theologians of Germany. Hare.

3. Growing; advancing to adult years and to the state of active life;
as, the rising generation.

RISING
Ris"ing, prep.

Defn: More than; exceeding; upwards of; as, a horse rising six years
of age. [Colloq. & Low, U.S.]

RISING
Ris"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, rises (in any sense).

2. That which rises; a tumor; a boil. Lev. xiii. 10. Rising main
(Waterworks), the pipe through which water from an engine is
delivered to an elevated reservoir.

RISK
Risk, n. Etym: [F. risque; cf. It. risco, risico, rischio, Pg. risco,
Sp. riesgo, and also Sp. risco a steep rock; all probably fr. L.
resceare to cut off; pref. re- re- + secare to cut; -- the word
having been probably first used among sailors. See Section.]

1. Hazard; danger; peril; exposure to loss, injury, or destruction.
The imminent and constant risk of assassination, a risk which has
shaken very strong nerves. Macaulay.

2. (Com.)

Defn: Hazard of loss; liabillity to loss in property. To run a risk,
to incur hazard; to encounter danger.

Syn.
 -- Danger; hazard; peril; jeopardy; exposure. See Danger.

RISK
Risk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Risked; p. pr. & vb. n. Risking.] Etym:
[CF. F. risquer. See Risk, n.]

1. To expose to risk, hazard, or peril; to venture; as, to risk goods
on board of a ship; to risk one's person in battle; to risk one's
fame by a publication.

2. To incur the risk or danger of; as, to risk a battle.

Syn.
 -- To hazard; peril; endanger; jeopard.

RISKER
Risk"er, n.

Defn: One who risks or hazards. Hudibras.

RISKFUL
Risk"ful, a.

Defn: Risky. [R.] Geddes.

RISKY
Risk"y, a.

Defn: Attended with risk or danger; hazardous. "A risky matter." W.
Collins.
Generalization are always risky. Lowell.

RISORIAL
Ri*so"ri*al, a.Etym: [L. ridere, risum, to laugh.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or producing, laughter; as, the risorial
muscles.

RISOTTO
Ri*sot"to, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A kind of pottage.

RISQUE; RISQUEE
Ris`qué", a. masc., Ris`quée", a. fem.,. [F., p.p. of risquer to
risk.]

Defn: Hazardous; risky; esp., fig., verging upon impropriety;
dangerously close to, or suggestive of, what is indecent or of
doubtful morality; as, a risqué story.  Henry Austin.

RISSE
Risse, obs.

Defn: imp. of Rise. B. Jonson.

RISSOID
Ris"soid, n. Etym: [NL. Rissoa, the typical genus ( fr. A.Risso, an
Italian naturalist) + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of very numerous species of small spiral gastropods of
the genus Rissoa, or family Rissoidæ, found both in fresh and salt
water.

RISSOLE
Ris`sole", n. Etym: [F., fr. rissoler to fry meat till it is brown.]
(Cookery)

Defn: A small ball of rich minced meat or fish, covered with pastry
and fried.

RIST
Rist, obs.

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Rise, contracted from riseth. Chaucer.

RIT
Rit, obs.

Defn: 3d pers. ssing. pres. of Ride, contracted from rideth. Chaucer.

RITARDANDO
Ri`tar*dan"do, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Retarding; -- a direction for slower time; rallentado.

RITE
Rite, n. Etym: [L. ritus; cf. Skr. riti a stream, a running, way,
manner, ri to flow: cf. F. rit, rite. CF. Rivulet.]

Defn: The act of performing divine or solemn service, as established
by law, precept, or custom; a formal act of religion or other solemn
duty; a solemn observance; a ceremony; as, the rites of freemasonry.
He looked with indifference on rites, names, and forms of
ecclesiastical polity. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Form; ceremony; observance; ordinance.

RITENUTO
Ri`te*nu"to, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Held back; holding back; ritardando.

RITORNELLE; RITORNELLO
Rit`or*nelle", Ri`tor*nel"lo, n. Etym: [It. ritornello, dim. of
ritorno return, fr. ritornare to return: cf. F. ritournelle.] (Mus.)
(a) A short return or repetition; a concluding symphony to an air,
often consisting of the burden of the song.
(a) A short intermediate symphony, or instrumental passage, in the
course of a vocal piece; an interlude.

RITRATTO
Ri*trat"to, n.Etym: [It.]

Defn: A picture. Sterne.

RITUAL
Rit"u*al, a.Etym: [L. ritualis, fr. ritus a rite: cf. F. rituel.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to rites or ritual; as, ritual service or
sacrifices; the ritual law.

RITUAL
Rit"u*al, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rituel.]

1. A prescribed form of performing divine service in a particular
church or communion; as, the Jewish ritual.

2. Hence, the code of ceremonies observed by an organization; as, the
ritual of the freemasons.

3. A book containing the rites to be observed.

RITUALISM
Rit"u*al*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ritualisme.]

1. A system founded upon a ritual or prescribed form of religious
worship; adherence to, or observance of, a ritual.

2. Specifically :(a) The principles and practices of those in the
Church of England, who in the development of the Oxford movement, so-
called, have insisted upon a return to the use in church services of
the symbolic ornaments (altar cloths, encharistic vestments, candles,
etc.) that were sanctioned in the second year of Edward VI., and
never, as they maintain, forbidden by competennt authority, although
generally disused. Schaff-Herzog Encyc. (b) Also, the principles and
practices of those in the Protestant Episcopal Church who sympathize
with this party in the Church of England.

RITUALIST
Rit"u*al*ist, n. Etym: [CF. F. ritualiste.]

Defn: One skilled un, or attached to, a ritual; one who advocates or
practices ritualism.

RITUALISTIC
Rit`u*al*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or in accordance with, a ritual; adhering to
ritualism.

RITUALLY
Rit"u*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By rites, or by a particular rite.

RIVAGE
Riv"age, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. ripa bank, shore.]

1. A bank, shore, or coast. [Archaic] Spenser.
From the green rivage many a fall Of diamond rillets musical.
Tennyson.

2. (O.Eng.Law)

Defn: A duty paid to the crown for the passage of vessels on certain
rivers.

RIVAL
Ri"val, n. Etym: [F. rival (cf. It. rivale), L. rivales two neigbors
having the same brook in common, rivals, fr. rivalis belonging to a
brook, fr. rivus a brook. Cf. Rivulet, Rete.]

1. A person having a common right or privilege with another; a
partner. [Obs.]
If you do meet Horatio and Marcellus, The rivals of my watch, bid
them make haste. Shak.

2. One who is in pursuit of the same object as another; one striving
to reach or obtain something which another is attempting to obtain,
and which one only can posses; a competitor; as, rivals in love;
rivals for a crown.

Note: "Rivals, in the primary sense of the word, are those who dwell
on the banks of the same stream. But since, as all experience shows,
there is no such fruitful source of coutention as a water right, it
would continually happen that these occupants of the opposite banks
would be at strife with one another in regard of the periods during
which they severally had a right to the use of the stream . . . And
thus 'rivals' . . . came to be used of any who were on any grounds in
more or less unfriendly competition with one another." Trench.

Syn.
 -- Competitor; emulator; antagonist.

RIVAL
Ri"val, a.

Defn: Having the same pretensions or claims; standing in competition
for superiority; as, rival lovers; rival claims or pretensions.
The strenuous conflicts and alternate victories of two rival
confederacies of statesmen. Macaulay.

RIVAL
Ri"val, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rivaled or Rivalled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rivaling or Rivalling.]

1. To stand in competition with; to strive to gain some object in
opposition to; as, to rival one in love.

2. To strive to equal or exel; to emulate.
To rival thunder in its rapid course. Dryden.

RIVAL
Ri"val, v. i.

Defn: To be in rivalry. [Obs.] Shak.

RIVALESS
Ri"val*ess, n.

Defn: A female rival. [Obs.] Richardson.

RIVALITY
Ri*val"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. rivalitas: cf. F. rivalité.]

1. Rivalry; competition. [Obs.]

2. Equality, as of right or rank. [Obs.] hak.

RIVALRY
Ri"val*ry, n.; pl. Rivalries (.

Defn: The act of rivaling, or the state of being a rival; a
competition. "Keen contention and eager rivalries." Jeffrey.

Syn.
 -- Emulation; competition. See Emulation.

RIVALSHIP
Ri"val*ship, n.

Defn: Rivalry. [R.] B. Jonson.

RIVE
Rive, v. t. [imp. Rived; p. p. Rived or Riven (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Riving.] Etym: [Icel. rifa, akin to Sw. rifva to pull asunder, burst,
tear, Dan. rive to rake, pluck, tear. Cf. Reef of land, Rifle a gun,
Rift, Rivel.]

Defn: To rend asunder by force; to split; to cleave; as, to rive
timber for rails or shingles.
I shall ryve him through the sides twain. Chaucer.
The scolding winds have rived the knotty oaks. Shak.
Brutus hath rived my heart. Shak.

RIVE
Rive, v. i.

Defn: To be split or rent asunder.
Freestone rives, splits, and breaks in any direction. Woodward.

RIVE
Rive, n.

Defn: A place torn; a rent; a rift. [Prov. Eng.]

RIVEL
Riv"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Riveled;p. pr. & vb. n. Riveling.] Etym:
[AS. gerifled, geriflod, gerifod, wrinkled, geriflian, gerifian, to
wrinkle. See Rifle a gun, Rive.]

Defn: To contract into wrinkles; to shrivel; to shrink; as, riveled
fruit; riveled flowers. [Obs.] Pope. "Riveled parchments." Walpole.

RIVEL
Riv"el, n.

Defn: A wrinkle; a rimple. [Obs.] Holland.

RIVEN
Riv"en,

Defn: p. p. & a. from Rive.

RIVER
Riv"er, n.

Defn: One who rives or splits.

RIVER
Riv"er, n. Etym: [F. rivère a river, LL. riparia river, bank of a
river, fr. L. riparius belonging to a bank or shore, fr. ripa a bank
or shore; of uncertain origin. Cf. Arrive, Riparian.]

1. A large stream of water flowing in a bed or channel and emptying
into the ocean, a sea, a lake, or another stream; a stream larger
than a rivulet or brook.
Transparent and sparkling rivers, from which it is delightful to
drink as they flow. Macaulay.

2. Fig.: A large stream; copious flow; abundance; as, rivers of
blood; rivers of oil. River chub (Zoöl.), the hornyhead and allied
species of fresh-water fishes.
 -- River crab (Zoöl.), any species of fresh-water crabs of the genus
Thelphusa, as T. depressa of Southern Europe.
 -- River dragon, a crocodile; -- applied by Milton to the king of
Egypt.
 -- River driver, a lumberman who drives or conducts logs down
rivers. Bartlett.
 -- River duck (Zoöl.), any species of duck belonging to Anas,
Spatula, and allied genera, in which the hind toe is destitute of a
membranous lobe, as in the mallard and pintail; -- opposed to sea
duck.
 -- River god, a deity supposed to preside over a river as its
tutelary divinity.
 -- River herring (Zoöl.), an alewife.
 -- River hog. (Zoöl.) (a) Any species of African wild hogs of the
genus Potamochoerus. They frequent wet places along the rivers. (b)
The capybara.
 -- River horse (Zoöl.), the hippopotamus.
 -- River jack (Zoöl.), an African puff adder (Clotho nasicornis)
having a spine on the nose.
 -- River limpet (Zoöl.), a fresh-water, air-breathing mollusk of the
genus Ancylus, having a limpet-shaped shell.
 -- River pirate (Zoöl.), the pike.
 -- River snail (Zoöl.), any species of fresh-water gastropods of
Paludina, Melontho, and allied genera. See Pond snail, under Pond.
 -- River tortoise (Zoöl.), any one of numerous fresh-water tortoises
inhabiting rivers, especially those of the genus Trionyx and allied
genera. See Trionyx.

RIVER
Riv"er, v. i.

Defn: To hawk by the side of a river; to fly hawks at river fowl.
[Obs.] Halliwell.

RIVERED
Riv"ered, a.

Defn: Supplied with rivers; as, a well rivered country.

RIVERET
Riv"er*et, n.

Defn: A rivulet. [Obs.] Drayton.

RIVERHOOD
Riv"er*hood, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being a river. "Useful riverhood." H.
Miller.

RIVERLING
Riv"er*ling, n.

Defn: A rivulet. [R.] Sylvester.

RIVERSIDE
Riv"er*side`, n.

Defn: The side or bank of a river.

RIVERY
Riv"er*y, a.

Defn: Having rivers; as, a rivery country. Drayton.

RIVET
Riv"et, n. Etym: [F., fr. river to rivet; perh. fr. Icel. rifa to
fasten together. Cf. Reef part of a sail.]

Defn: A metallic pin with a head, used for uniting two plates or
pieces of material together, by passing it through them and then
beating or pressing down the point so that it shall spread out and
form a second head; a pin or bolt headed or clinched at both ends.
With busy hammers closing rivets up. Shak. Rivet joint, or Riveted
joint, a joint between two or more pieces secured by rivets.

RIVET
Riv"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Riveted; p. pr. & vb. n. Riveting.]

1. To fasten with a rivet, or with rivets; as, to rivet two pieces of
iron.

2. To spread out the end or point of, as of a metallic pin, rod, or
bolt, by beating or pressing, so as to form a sort of head.

3. Hence, to fasten firmly; to make firm, strong, or immovable; as,
to rivet friendship or affection.
Rivet and nail me where I stand, ye powers! Congreve.
Thus his confidence was riveted and confirmed. Sir W. Scott.

RIVETER
Riv"et*er, n.

Defn: One who rivets.

RIVETING
Riv"et*ing, n.

1. The act of joining with rivets; the act of spreading out and
clinching the end, as of a rivet, by beating or pressing.

2. The whole set of rivets, collectively. Tomlinsin. Butt riveting,
riveting in which the ends or edges of plates form a butt joint, and
are fastened together by being riveted to a narrow strip which covers
the joint.
 -- Chain riveting, riveting in which the rivets, in two or more rows
along the seam, are set one behind the other.
 -- Crossed riveting, riveting in which the rivets in one row are set
opposite the spaces between the rivets in the next row.
 -- Double riveting, in lap riveting, two rows of rivets along the
seam; in butt riveting, four rows, two on each side of the joint.
 -- Lap riveting, riveting in which the ends or edges of plates
overlap and are riveted together.

RIVIERE
Ri`vière", n. [F.]

Defn: A necklace of diamonds or other precious stones, esp. one of
several strings.

RIVOSE
Ri*vose", a. Etym: [From L. rivus a brook, channel.]

Defn: Marked with sinuate and irregular furrows.

RIVULET
Riv"u*let, n. Etym: [Earlier rivolet, It. rivoletto, a dim. fr.
rivolo, L. rivulus, dim. of rivus a brook. CF. Rival, Rite.]

Defn: A small stream or brook; a streamlet.
By fountain or by shady rivulet He sought them. Milton.

RIXATION
Rix*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. rixari, p. p. rixatus, to brawl, fr. rixa a
quarrel.]

Defn: A brawl or quarrel. [Obs.]

RIXATRIX
Rix*a"trix, n. Etym: [L.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: A scolding or quarrelsome woman; a scold. Burrill.

RIXDALER
Rix"da`ler, n.

Defn: A Dutch silver coin, worth about $1.00.

RIX-DOLLAR
Rix"-dol`lar, n. Etym: [Sw. riksdaler, or Dan. rigsdaler, or D.
rijksdaalder, or G. reichsthaler, literally, dollar of the empire or
realm, fr. words akin to E. rich, and dollar. See Rich, Dollar.]

Defn: A name given to several different silver coins of Denmark,
Holland, Sweden,, NOrway, etc., varying in value from about 30 cents
to $1.10; also, a British coin worth about 36 cents, used in Ceylon
and at the Cape of Good Hope. See Rigsdaler, Riksdaler, and Rixdaler.

Note: Most of these pieces are now no longer coined, but some remain
in circulation.

RIZZAR
Riz"zar, v. t. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: To dry in the sun; as, rizzared haddock. [Scot.]

ROACH
Roach, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cockroach.

ROACH
Roach, n. Etym: [OE. rroche; cf. AS. reohha, D. rog, roch, G. roche,
LG. ruche, Dan. rokke ray, Sw. rocka, and E. ray a fish.]

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) A European fresh-water fish of the Carp family (Leuciscus
rutilus). It is silver-white, with a greenish back.
(b) An American chub (Semotilus bullaris); the fallfish.
(c) The redfin, or shiner.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A convex curve or arch cut in the edge of a sail to prevent
chafing, or to secure a better fit. As sound as a roach Etym: [roach
perhaps being a corruption of a F. roche a rock], perfectly sound.

ROACH
Roach, v. t.

1. To cause to arch.

2. To cut off, as a horse's mane, so that the part left shall stand
upright.

ROACH-BACKED
Roach"-backed`, a.

Defn: Having a back like that of roach; -- said of a horse whose back
a convex instead of a concave curve.

ROAD
Road, n. Etym: [AS. rad a riding, that on which one rides or travels,
a road, fr. ridan to ride. See Ride, and cf. Raid.]

1. A journey, or stage of a journey. [Obs.]
With easy roads he came to Leicester. Shak.

2. An inroad; an invasion; a raid. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. A place where one may ride; an open way or public passage for
vehicles, persons, and animals; a track for travel, forming a means
of communication between one city, town, or place, and another.
The most villainous house in all the London road. Shak.

Note: The word is generally applied to highways, and as a generic
term it includes highway, street, and lane.

4. Etym: [Possibly akin to Icel. reithi the rigging of a ship, E.
ready.]

Defn: A place where ships may ride at anchor at some distance from
the shore; a roadstead; -- often in the plural; as, Hampton Roads.
Shak.

Now strike your saile, ye jolly mariners, For we be come unto a quiet
rode [road]. Spenser.
On, or Upon, the road, traveling or passing over a road; coming or
going; on the way.
My hat and wig will soon be here, They are upon the road. Cowper.
-- Road agent, a highwayman, especially on the stage routes of the
unsettled western parts of the United States; -- a humorous
euphemism. [Western U.S.]
The highway robber -- road agent he is quaintly called. The century.
-- Road book, a quidebook in respect to roads and distances.
 -- Road metal, the broken, stone used in macadamizing roads.
 -- Road roller, a heavy roller, or combinations of rollers, for
making earth, macadam, or concrete roads smooth and compact.
 -- often driven by steam.
 -- Road runner (Zoöl.), the chaparral cock.
 -- Road steamer, a locomotive engine adapted to running on common
roads.
 -- To go on the road, to engage in the business of a commercial
traveler. [Colloq.] -- To take the road, to begin or engage in
traveling.
 -- To take to the road, to engage in robbery upon the highways.

Syn.
 -- Way; highway; street; lane; pathway; route; passage; course. See
Way.

ROADBED
Road"bed`, n.

Defn: In railroads, the bed or foundation on which the superstructure
(ties, rails, etc.) rests; in common roads, the whole material laid
in place and ready for travel.

ROADLESS
Road"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of roads.

ROADMAKER
Road"mak`er, n.

Defn: One who makes roads.

ROADSIDE
Road"side`, n.

Defn: Land adjoining a road or highway; the part of a road or highway
that borders the traveled part. Also used ajectively.

ROADSTEAD
Road"stead, n. Etym: [Road,4 + stead a place.]

Defn: An anchorage off shore. Same as Road, 4.
Moored in the neighboring roadstead. Longfellow.

ROADSTER
Road"ster, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A clumsy vessel that works its way from one anchorage to
another by means of the tides. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

2. A horse that is accustomed to traveling on the high road, or is
suitable for use on ordinary roads.
A sound, swift, well-fed hunter and roadster. Thackeray.

3. A bicycle or tricycle adapted for common roads rather than for the
racing track.

4. One who drives much; a coach driver. [Eng.]

5. A hunter who keeps to the roads instead of following the hounds
across country. [Eng. Slang.]

ROADWAY
Road"way`, n.

Defn: A road; especially, the part traveled by carriages. Shak.

ROAM
Roam, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Roamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Roaming.] Etym:
[OE. romen, ramen; cf. AS. ar to raise, rise, D. ramen to hit, plan,
aim, OS. r to strive after, OHG. ramen. But the word was probably
influenced by Rome; cf. OF. romier a pilgrim, originally, a pilgrim
going to Rome, It. romeo, Sp. romero. Cf. Ramble.]

Defn: To go from place to place without any certain purpose or
direction; to rove; to wander.
He roameth to the carpenter's house. Chaucer.
Daphne roaming through a thorny wood. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To wander; rove; range; stroll; ramble.

ROAM
Roam, v. t.

Defn: To range or wander over.
And now wild beasts came forth the woods to roam. Milton.

ROAM
Roam, n.

Defn: The act of roaming; a wandering; a ramble; as, he began his
roam o'er hill amd dale. Milton.

ROAMER
Roam"er, n.

Defn: One who roams; a wanderer.

ROAN
Roan, a. Etym: [F. rouan; cf. Sp. roano, ruano, It. rovano, roano.]

1. Having a bay, chestnut, brown, or black color, with gray or white
thickly interspersed; -- said of a horse.
Give my roan a drench. Shak.

2. Made of the leather called roan; as, roan binding. Roan antelope
(Zoöl.), a very large South African antelope (Hippotragus equinus).
It has long sharp horns and a stiff bright brown mane. Called also
mahnya, equine antelope, and bastard gemsbok.

ROAN
Roan, n.

1. The color of a roan horse; a roan color.

2. A roan horse.

3. A kind of leather used for slippers, bookbinding, etc., made from
sheepskin, tanned with sumac and colored to imitate ungrained
morocco. DeColange. Roan tree. (Bot.) See Rowan tree.

ROAR
Roar, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Roared; p. pr. & vvb. n. Roaring.] Etym:
[OE. roren, raren, AS. rarian; akin to G. röhten, OHG. r. sq.
root112.]

1. To cry with a full, loud, continued sound. Specifically:
(a) To bellow, or utter a deep, loud cry, as a lion or other beast.
Roaring bulls he would him make to tame. Spenser.

(b) To cry loudly, as in pain, distress, or anger.
Sole on the barren sands, the suffering chief Roared out for anguish,
and indulged his grief. Dryden.
He scorned to roar under the impressions of a finite anger. South.

2. To make a loud, confused sound, as winds, waves, passing vehicles,
a crowd of persons when shouting together, or the like.
The brazen throat of war had ceased to roar. Milton.
How oft I crossed where carts and coaches roar. Gay.

3. To be boisterous; to be disorderly.
It was a mad, roaring time, full of extravagance. Bp. Burnet.

4. To laugh out loudly and continuously; as, the hearers roared at
his jokes.

5. To make a loud noise in breathing, as horses having a certain
disease. See Roaring, 2. Roaring boy, a roaring, noisy fellow; --
name given, at the latter end Queen Elizabeth's reign, to the riotous
fellows who raised disturbances in the street. "Two roaring boys of
Rome, that made all split." Beau & Fl.
 -- Roaring forties (Naut.), a sailor's name for the stormy tract of
ocean between 40º and 50º north latitude.

ROAR
Roar, v. t.

Defn: To cry aloud; to proclaim loudly.
This last action will roar thy infamy. Ford.

ROAR
Roar, n.

Defn: The sound of roaring. Specifically:
(a) The deep, loud cry of a wild beast; as, the roar of a lion.
(b) The cry of one in pain, distress, anger, or the like.
(c) A loud, continuous, and confused sound; as, the roar of a cannon,
of the wind, or the waves; the roar of ocean.
Arm! arm! it is, it is the cannon's opening roar! Byron.

(d) A boisterous outcry or shouting, as in mirth.
Pit, boxes, and galleries were in a constant roar of laughter.
Macaulay.

ROARER
Roar"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, roars. Specifically:
(a) A riotous fellow; a roaring boy.
A lady to turn roarer, and break glasses. Massinger.
(b) (Far.)

Defn: A horse subject to roaring. See Roaring, 2.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The barn owl. [Prov.Eng.]

ROARING
Roar"ing, n.

1. A loud, deep, prolonged sound, as of a large beast, or of a person
in distress, anger, mirth, etc., or of a noisy congregation.

2. (Far.)

Defn: An affection of the windpipe of a horse, causing a loud,
peculiar noise in breathing under exertion; the making of the noise
so caused. See Roar, v. i., 5.

ROARING FORTIES
Roar"ing for"ties. (Naut.)

Defn: The middle latitudes of the southern hemisphere. So called from
the boisterous and prevailing westerly winds, which are especially
strong in the South Indian Ocean up to 50º S.

ROARINGLY
Roar"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a roaring manner.

ROAST
Roast, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Roasting.] Etym:
[OE. rosten, OF. rostir, F. rôtir; of German origin; cf. OHG. rosten,
G. rösten, fr. OHG. rost, rosta, gridiron, G. rost; cf. AS. hyrstan
to roast.]

1. To cook by exposure to radiant heat before a fire; as, to roast
meat on a spit, or in an oven open toward the fire and having
reflecting surfaces within; also, to cook in a close oven.

2. To cook by surrounding with hot embers, ashes, sand, etc.; as, to
roast a potato in ashes.
In eggs boiled and roasted there is scarce difference to be
discerned. BAcon.

3. To dry and parch by exposure to heat; as, to roast coffee; to
roast chestnuts, or peanuts.

4. Hence, to heat to excess; to heat violently; to burn. "Roasted in
wrath and fire." Shak.

5. (Metal.)

Defn: To dissipate by heat the volatile parts of, as ores.

6. To banter severely. [Colloq.] Atterbury.

ROAST
Roast, v. i.

1. To cook meat, fish, etc., by heat, as before the fire or in an
oven.
He could roast, and seethe, and broil, and fry. Chaucer.

2. To undergo the process of being roasted.

ROAST
Roast, n.

Defn: That which is roasted; a piece of meat which has been roasted,
or is suitable for being roasted.
A fat swan loved he best of any roost [roast]. Chaucer.
To rule the roast, to be at the head of affairs. "The new-made duke
that rules the roast." Shak.

ROAST
Roast, a. Etym: [For roasted.]

Defn: Roasted; as, roast beef.

ROASTER
Roast"er, n.

1. One who roasts meat.

2. A contrivance for roasting.

3. A pig, or other article of food fit for roasting.

ROASTING
Roast"ing,

Defn: a. & n., from Roast, v. Roasting ear, an ear of Indian corn at
that stage of development when it is fit to be eaten roasted.
 -- Roasting jack, a machine for turning a spit on which meat is
roasted.

ROB
Rob, n. Etym: [F.; cf. Sp. rob, It. rob, robbo, Pg. robe, arrobe, Ar.
rubb, robb, Per. rub.]

Defn: The inspissated juice of ripe fruit, obtained by evaporation of
the juice over a fire till it acquires the consistence of a sirup. It
is sometimes mixed with honey or sugar. [Written also rhob, and
rohob.]

ROB
Rob, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Robbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Robbing.] Etym: [OF.
rober, of German origin; cf. OHG. roub, G. rauben, and OHG. roub
robbing, booty, G. raub. sq. root114. See Reave,and cf. Robe.]

1. To take (something) away from by force; to strip by stealing; to
plunder; to pillage; to steal from.
Who would rob a hermit of his weeds, His few books, or his beads, or
maple dish Milton.
He that is robbed, not wanting what is stolen, Let him not know it,
and he's not robbed at all. Shak.
To be executed for robbing a church. Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: To take the property of (any one) from his person, or in his
presence, feloniously, and against his will, by violence or by
putting him in fear.

3. To deprive of, or withhold from, unjustly or injuriously; to
defraud; as, to rob one of his rest, or of his good name; a tree robs
the plants near it of sunlight.
I never robbed the soldiers of their pay. Shak.

ROB
Rob, v. i.

Defn: To take that which belongs to another, without right or
permission, esp. by violence.
I am accursed to rob in that thief's company. Shak.

ROBALO; ROBALITO
Rob"a*lo, n. [Sp. róbalo.]

Defn: Any of several pikelike marine fishes of the West Indies and
tropical America constituting the family Oxylabracidæ, esp. the
largest species (Oxylabrax, syn. Centropomus, undecimalis), a
valuable food fish called also snook, the smaller species being
called Rob`a*li"to.

ROBAND
Rob"and, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Roperand.

ROBBER
Rob"ber, n.

Defn: One who robs; in law, one who feloniously takes goods or money
from the person of another by violence or by putting him in fear.
Some roving robber calling to his fellows. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Thief; depredator; despoiler; plunderer; pillager; rifler;
brigang; freebooter; pirate. See Thief. Robber crab. (Zoöl.) (a) A
purse crab. (b) Any hermit crab.
 -- Robber fly. (Zoöl.) Same as Hornet fly, under Hornet.
 -- Robber gull (Zoöl.), a jager gull.

ROBBERY
Rob"ber*y, n.; pl. Robberies. Etym: [OF. roberie.]

1. The act or practice of robbing; theft.
Thieves for their robbery have authority When judges steal
themselves. Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: The crime of robbing. See Rob, v. t., 2.

Note: Robbery, in a strict sense, differs from theft, as it is
effected by force or intimidation, whereas theft is committed by
stealth, or privately.

Syn.
 -- Theft; depredation; spoliation; despoliation; despoilment;
plunder; pillage; rapine; larceny; freebooting; piracy.

ROBBIN
Rob"bin, n. (Com.)

Defn: A kind of package in which pepper and other dry commodities are
sometimes exported from the East Indies. The robbin of rice in
Malabar weighs about 84 pounds. Simmonds.

ROBBIN
Rob"bin, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Ropeband.

ROBE
Robe, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. rauba a gown, dress, garment; originally,
booty, plunder. See Rob, v. t., and cf. Rubbish.]

1. An outer garment; a dress of a rich, flowing, and elegant style or
make; hence, a dress of state, rank, office, or the like.
Through tattered clothes small vices do appear; Robes and furred
gowns hide all. Shak.

2. A skin of an animal, especially, a skin of the bison, dressed with
the fur on, and used as a wrap. [U.S.] Master of the robes, an
officer of the English royal household (when the sovereign is a king)
whose duty is supposed to consist in caring for the royal robes.
 -- Mistress of the robes, a lady who enjoys the highest rank of the
ladies in the service of the English sovereign (when a queen), and is
supposed to have the care her robes.

ROBE
Robe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Robed; p. pr. & vb. n. Robing.]

Defn: To invest with a robe or robes; to dress; to array; as, fields
robed with green.
The sage Chaldeans robed in white appeared. Pope.
Such was his power over the expression of his countenance, that he
could in an instant shake off the sternness of winter, and robe it in
the brightest smiles of spring. Wirt.

ROBE-DE-CHAMBRE
Robe`-de-cham"bre, n. Etym: [F., lit., a chamber gown.]

Defn: A dressing gown, or morning gown.

ROBERDSMAN; ROBERTSMAN
Rob"erds*man, Rob"erts*man, n.; pl. -men. ( (Old Statutes of Eng.)

Defn: A bold, stout robber, or night thief; -- said to be so called
from Robin Hood.

ROBERT
Rob"ert, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Herb Robert, under Herb.

ROBIN
Rob"in, n. Etym: [Properly a pet name for Robert, originally meaning,
famebright; F., fron OHG. Roudperht; ruod (in comp.; akin to AS. hr
glory, fame, Goth. hr victorius) + beraht bright. See Bright, Hob a
clown.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A small European singing bird (Erythacus rubecula), having a
reddish breast; -- called also robin redbreast, robinet, and ruddock.
(b) An American singing bird (Merula migratoria), having the breast
chestnut, or dull red. The upper parts are olive-gray, the head and
tail blackish. Called also robin redbreast, and migratory thrush.
(c) Any one of several species of Australian warblers of the genera
Petroica, Melanadrays, and allied genera; as, the scarlet-breasted
robin (Petroica mullticolor)
(d) Any one of several Asiatic birds; as, the Indian robins. See
Indian robin, below. Beach robin (Zoöl.), the robin snipe, or knot.
See Knot.
 -- Blue-throated robin. (Zoöl.) See Bluethroat.
 -- Canada robin (Zoöl.), the cedar bird.
 -- Golden robin (Zoöl.), the Baltimore oriole.
 -- Ground robin (Zoöl.), the chewink.
 -- Indian robin (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Asiatic
saxoline birds of the genera Thamnobia and Pratincola. They are
mostly black, usually with some white on the wings.
 -- Magrie robin (Zoöl.), an Asiatic singing bird (Corsycus
saularis), having the back, head, neck, and breast black glossed with
blue, the wings black, and the belly white.
 -- Ragged robin. (Bot.) See under Ragged.
 -- Robin accentor (Zoöl.), a small Asiatic singing bird (Accentor
rubeculoides), somewhat resembling the European robin.
 -- Robin redbreast. (Zoöl.) (a) The European robin. (b) The American
robin. (c) The American bluebird.
 -- Robin snipe. (Zoöl.) (a) The red-breasted snipe, or dowitcher.
(b) The red-breasted sandpiper, or knot.
 -- Robin's plantain. (Bot.) See under Plantain.
 -- Sea robin. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of American
gurnards of the genus Prionotus. They are excellent food fishes.
Called also wingfish. The name is also applied to a European gurnard.
(b) The red-breasted merganser, or sheldrake. [Local, U.S.] -- Water
robin (Zoöl.), a redstart (Ruticulla fuliginosa), native of India.

ROBINET
Rob"i*net, n.

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) The chaffinch; -- called also roberd.
(b) The European robin.

2. A military engine formerly used for throwing darts and stones.

ROBING
Rob"ing, n.

Defn: The act of putting on a robe. Robing room, a room where
official robes are put on, as by judges, etc.

ROBIN GOODFELLOW
Rob"in Good"fel`low.

Defn: A celebrated fairy; Puck. See Puck. Shak.

ROBINIA
Ro**bin"i*a, n. Etym: [NL. So called after Jean Robin, a French
herbalist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous trees including the common locust of
North America (Robinia Pseudocacia).

ROBLE
Ro"ble, n. [Sp., oak.] (Bot.)

Defn: The California white oak (Quercus lobata).

ROBORANT
Rob"o*rant, a. Etym: [L. roborans, p. pr. See Roborate.]

Defn: Strengthening.
 -- n. (Med.)

Defn: A strengthening medicine; a tonic.

ROBORATE
Rob"o*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. roboratus, p. pr. of roborare to
strengthen, fr. robur, roboris, strength.]

Defn: To give strength or support to; to confirm. [Obs.] Fuller.

ROBORATION
Rob`o*ra"tion, n. Etym: [LL. roboratio.]

Defn: The act of strengthening. [Obs.] Coles.

ROBOREAN; ROBOREOUS
Ro*bo"re*an, Ro*bo"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. roboreus.]

Defn: Made of oak. [Obs.]

ROBUST
Ro*bust", a. Etym: [L. robustus oaken, hard, strong, fr. robur
strength, a very hard kind of oak; cf. Skr. rabhas violence: cf. F.
robuste.]

1. Evincing strength; indicating vigorous health; strong; sinewy;
muscular; vigorous; sound; as, a robust body; robust youth; robust
health.

2. Violent; rough; rude.
While romp-loving miss Is hauled about in gallantry robust. Thomson.

3. Requiring strength or vigor; as, robust employment. Locke.

Syn.
 -- Strong; lusty; sinewy; sturdy; muscular; hale; hearty; vigorous;
forceful; sound.
 -- Robust, Strong. Robust means, literally, made of oak, and hence
implies great compactness and toughness of muscle, connected with a
thick-set frame and great powers of endurance. Strong denotes the
power of exerting great physical force. The robust man can bear heat
or cold, excess or privation, and toil on through every kind of
hardship; the strong man can lift a great weight, can give a heavy
blow, and a hard gripe. "Robust, tough sinews bred to toil." Cowper.
Then 'gan the villain wax so fierce and strong, That nothing may
sustain his furious force. Spenser.

ROBUSTIOUS
Ro*bus"tious, a. Etym: [Cf. L. robusteus of oak.]

Defn: Robust. [Obs. or Humorous] W. Irving.
In Scotland they had handled the bishops in a more robustious manner.
Milton.
-- Ro*bus"tious*ly, adv.
 -- Ro*bus"tious*ness, n.

ROBUSTLY
Ro*bust"ly, adv.

Defn: In a robust manner.

ROBUSTNESS
Ro*bust"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being robust.

ROC
Roc, n. Etym: [Ar. & Per. rokh or rukh. Cf. Rook a castle.]

Defn: A monstrous bird of Arabian mythology. [Written also rock, and
rukh.] Brande & C.

ROCAILLE
Ro`caille", n. [F. Cf. Rock a stone.] (Art)
 (a) Artificial rockwork made of rough stones and cement, as for
gardens.
 (b) The rococo system of scroll ornament, based in part on the forms
of shells and water-worn rocks.

ROCAMBOLE
Roc"am*bole, n. Etym: [F.] [Written also rokambole.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name of Allium Scorodoprasum and A. Ascalonium, two kinds of
garlic, the latter of which is also called shallot.

ROCCELLIC
Roc*cel"lic, a. Etym: [F. roccellique, fr. roccelle archil, It. & NL.
roccella, fr. It. rocca a rock, because archil grows on rock.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid of the oxalic
series found in archil (Roccella tinctoria, etc.), and other lichens,
and extracted as a white crystalline substance C17H32O4.

ROCCELLIN
Roc*cel"lin, n.

Defn: A red dyestuff, used as a substitute for cochineal, archil,
etc. It consists of the sodium salt of a complex azo derivative of
naphtol.

ROCHE
Roche, n. Etym: [See Rock.]

Defn: Rock. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ROCHE ALUM
Roche" al`um. (Chem.)

Defn: A kind of alum occuring in small fragments; -- so called from
Rocca, in Syria, whence alum is said to have been obtained; -- also
called rock alum.

ROCHELIME
Roche"lime`, n. Etym: [F. roche rock + E. lime.]

Defn: Lime in the lump after it is burned; quicklime. [Eng.]

ROCHELLE
Ro*chelle", n.

Defn: A seaport town in France. Rochelle powders. Same as Seidlitz
powders.
 -- Rochelle salt (Chem.), the double tartrate of sodium and
potassium, a white crystalline substance. It has a cooling, saline,
slightly bitter taste and is employed as a mild purgative. It was
discovered by Seignette, an apothecary of Rochelle, and is called
also Seignete's salt.

ROCHE MOUTONNEE
Roche" mou`ton`née". Etym: [F., sheep-shaped rock.] (Geol.)

Defn: See Sheepback.

ROCHET
Roch"et, n. Etym: [F., dim. fr. OHG. rocch coat, G. rock.]

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: A linen garment resembling the surplise, but with narrower
sleeves, also without sleeves, worn by bishops, and by some other
ecclesiastical dignitaries, in certain religious ceremonies.
They see no difference between an idler with a hat and national
cockade, and an idler in a cowl or in a rochet. Burke.

2. A frock or outer garment worn in the thirteenth and fourteenth
centuries. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

ROCHET
Roch"et, n. Etym: [Probably corrupted fr. F. rouget the red gurnet,
from rouge red. CF. Rouge.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The red gurnard, or gurnet. See Gurnard.

ROCHING CASK
Roch"ing cask`. Etym: [Probably from F. roche a rock.]

Defn: A tank in which alum is crystallized from a solution.

ROCK
Rock, n.

Defn: See Roc.

ROCK
Rock, n. Etym: [OE. rocke; akin to D. rok, rokken, G. rocken, OHG.
roccho, Dan. rok, Icel. rokkr. Cf. Rocket a firework.]

Defn: A distaff used in spinning; the staff or frame about which flax
is arranged, and from which the thread is drawn in spinning. Chapman.
Sad Clotho held the rocke, the whiles the thread By grisly Lachesis
was spun with pain, That cruel Atropos eftsoon undid. Spenser.

ROCK
Rock, n. Etym: [OF. roke, F. roche; cf. Armor. roc'h, and AS. rocc.]

1. A large concreted mass of stony material; a large fixed stone or
crag. See Stone.
Come one, come all! this rock shall fly From its firm base as soon as
I. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Any natural deposit forming a part of the earth's crust,
whether consolidated or not, including sand, earth, clay, etc., when
in natural beds.

3. That which resembles a rock in firmness; a defense; a support; a
refuge.
The Lord is my rock, and my fortress. 2 Sam. xxii. 2.

4. Fig.: Anything which causes a disaster or wreck resembling the
wreck of a vessel upon a rock.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The striped bass. See under Bass.

Note: This word is frequently used in the formation of self-
explaining compounds; as, rock-bound, rock-built, rock-ribbed, rock-
roofed, and the like. Rock alum. Etym: [Probably so called by
confusion with F. roche a rock.] Same as Roche alum.
 -- Rock barnacle (Zoöl.), a barnacle (Balanus balanoides) very
abundant on rocks washed by tides.
 -- Rock bass. (Zoöl.) (a) The stripped bass. See under Bass. (b) The
goggle-eye. (c) The cabrilla. Other species are also locally called
rock bass.
 -- Rock builder (Zoöl.), any species of animal whose remains
contribute to the formation of rocks, especially the corals and
Foraminifera.
 -- Rock butter (Min.), native alum mixed with clay and oxide of
iron, usually in soft masses of a yellowish white color, occuring in
cavities and fissures in argillaceous slate.
 -- Rock candy, a form of candy consisting of crystals of pure sugar
which are very hard, whence the name.
 -- Rock cavy. (Zoöl.) See Moco.
 -- Rock cod (Zoöl.) (a) A small, often reddish or brown, variety of
the cod found about rocks andledges. (b) A California rockfish.
 -- Rock cook. (Zoöl.) (a) A European wrasse (Centrolabrus exoletus).
(b) A rockling.
 -- Rock cork (Min.), a variety of asbestus the fibers of which are
loosely interlaced. It resembles cork in its texture.
 -- Rock crab (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large crabs of
the genus Cancer, as the two species of the New England coast (C.
irroratus and C. borealis). See Illust. under Cancer.
 -- Rock cress (Bot.), a name of several plants of the cress kind
found on rocks, as Arabis petræa, A. lyrata, etc.
 -- Rock crystal (Min.), limpid quartz. See Quartz, and under
Crystal.
 -- Rock dove (Zoöl.), the rock pigeon; -- called also rock doo.
 -- Rock drill, an implement for drilling holes in rock; esp., a
machine impelled by steam or compressed air, for drilling holes for
blasting, etc.
 -- Rock duck (Zoöl.), the harlequin duck.
 -- Rock eel. (Zoöl.) See Gunnel.
 -- Rock goat (Zoöl.), a wild goat, or ibex.
 -- Rock hopper (Zoöl.), a penguin of the genus Catarractes. See
under Penguin.
 -- Rock kangaroo. (Zoöl.) See Kangaroo, and Petrogale.
 -- Rock lobster (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large spinose
lobsters of the genera Panulirus and Palinurus. They have no large
claws. Called also spiny lobster, and sea crayfish.
 -- Rock meal (Min.), a light powdery variety of calcite occuring as
an efflorescence.
 -- Rock milk. (Min.) See Agaric mineral, under Agaric.
 -- Rock moss, a kind of lichen; the cudbear. See Cudbear.
 -- Rock oil. See Petroleum.
 -- Rock parrakeet (Zoöl.), a small Australian parrakeet (Euphema
petrophila), which nests in holes among the rocks of high cliffs. Its
general color is yellowish olive green; a frontal band and the outer
edge of the wing quills are deep blue, and the central tail feathers
bluish green.
 -- Rock pigeon (Zoöl.), the wild pigeon (Columba livia) Of Europe
and Asia, from which the domestic pigeon was derived. See Illust.
under Pigeon.
 -- Rock pipit. (Zoöl.) See the Note under Pipit.
 -- Rock plover. (Zoöl.) (a) The black-bellied, or whistling, plover.
(b) The rock snipe.
 -- Rock ptarmigan (Zoöl.), an arctic American ptarmigan (Lagopus
rupestris), which in winter is white, with the tail and lores black.
In summer the males are grayish brown, coarsely vermiculated with
black, and have black patches on the back.
 -- Rock rabbit (Zoöl.), the hyrax. See Cony, and Daman.
 -- Rock ruby (Min.), a fine reddish variety of garnet.
 -- Rock salt (Min.), cloride of sodium (common salt) occuring in
rocklike masses in mines; mineral salt; salt dug from the earth. In
the United States this name is sometimes given to salt in large
crystals, formed by evaporation from sea water in large basins or
cavities.
 -- Rock seal (Zoöl.), the harbor seal. See Seal.
 -- Rock shell (Zoöl.), any species of Murex, Purpura, and allied
genera.
 -- Rock snake (Zoöl.), any one of several large pythons; as, the
royal rock snake (Python regia) of Africa, and the rock snake of
India (P. molurus). The Australian rock snakes mostly belong to the
allied genus Morelia.
 -- Rock snipe (Zoöl.), the purple sandpiper (Tringa maritima); --
called also rock bird, rock plover, winter snipe.
 -- Rock soap (Min.), a kind of clay having a smooth, greasy feel,
and adhering to the tongue.
 -- Rock sparrow. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of Old World
sparrows of the genus Petronia, as P. stulla, of Europe. (b) A North
American sparrow (Pucæa ruficeps).
 -- Rock tar, petroleum.
 -- Rock thrush (Zoöl.), any Old World thrush of the genus Monticola,
or Petrocossyphus; as, the European rock thrush (M. saxatilis), and
the blue rock thrush of India (M. cyaneus), in which the male is blue
throughout.
 -- Rock tripe (Bot.), a kind of lichen (Umbilicaria Dillenii)
growing on rocks in the northen parts of America, and forming broad,
flat, coriaceous, dark fuscous or blackish expansions. It has been
used as food in cases of extremity.
 -- Rock trout (Zoöl.), any one of several species of marine food
fishes of the genus Hexagrammus, family Chiradæ, native of the North
Pacific coasts; -- called also sea trout, boregat, bodieron, and
starling.
 -- Rock warbler (Zoöl.), a small Australian singing bird (Origma
rubricata) which frequents rocky ravines and water courses; -- called
also cataract bird.
 -- Rock wren (Zoöl.), any one of several species of wrens of the
genus Salpinctes, native of the arid plains of Lower California and
Mexico.

ROCK
Rock, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rocked;p. pr. & vb. n. Rocking.] Etym: [AS.
roccian; akin to Dan. rokke to move, to snake; cf. Icel. rukkja to
pull, move, G. rücken to move, push, pull.]

1. To cause to sway backward and forward, as a body resting on a
support beneath; as, to rock a cradle or chair; to cause to vibrate;
to cause to reel or totter.
A rising earthquake rocked the ground. Dryden.

2. To move as in a cradle; hence, to put to sleep by rocking; to
still; to quiet. "Sleep rock thy brain." Shak.

Note: Rock differs from shake, as denoting a slower, less violent,
and more uniform motion, or larger movements. It differs from swing,
which expresses a vibratory motion of something suspended.

ROCK
Rock, v. i.

1. To move or be moved backward and forward; to be violently
agitated; to reel; to totter.
The rocking town Supplants their footsteps. J. Philips .

2. To roll or saway backward and forward upon a support; as, to rock
in a rocking-chair.

ROCKAWAY
Rock"a*way, Etym: [Probably from Rockaway beach, where it was used.]

Defn: Formerly, a light, low, four-wheeled carriage, with standing
top, open at the sides, but having waterproof curtains which could be
let down when occasion required; now, a somewhat similar, but
heavier, carriage, inclosed, except in front, and having a door at
each side.

ROCKELAY; ROCKLAY
Rock"e*lay, Rock"lay, n.

Defn: See Rokelay. [Scot.]

ROCKER
Rock"er, n.

1. One who rocks; specifically, one who rocks a cradle.
It was I, sir, said the rocker, who had the honor, some thirty years
since, to attend on your highness in your infancy. Fuller.

2. One of the curving pieces of wood or metal on which a cradle,
chair, etc., rocks.

3. Any implement or machine working with a rocking motion, as a
trough mounted on rockers for separating gold dust from gravel, etc.,
by agitation in water.

4. A play horse on rockers; a rocking-horse.

5. A chair mounted on rockers; a rocking-chair.

6. A skate with a curved blade, somewhat resembling in shape the
rocker of a cradle.

7. (Mach.)

Defn: Same as Rock shaft. Rocker arm (Mach.), an arm borne by a rock
shaft. To be off one's rocker, to be insane.

ROCKERED
Rock"ered, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Shaped like a rocker; curved; as, a rockered keel.

ROCKERY
Rock"er*y, n. (Gardening)

Defn: A mound formed of fragments of rock, earth, etc., and set with
plants.

ROCKET
Rock"et, n. Etym: [F. roquette (cf. Sp. ruqueta, It ruchetta), fr. L.
eruca.] (Bot.)
(a) A cruciferous plant (Eruca sativa) sometimes eaten in Europe as a
salad.
(b) Damewort.
(c) Rocket larkspur. See below. Dyer's Rocket. (Bot.) See Dyer's
broom, under Broom.
 -- Rocket larkspur (Bot.), an annual plant with showy flowers in
long racemes (Delphinium Ajacis).
 -- Sea rocket (Bot.), either of two fleshy cruciferous plants
(Cakile maritima and C. Americana) found on the seashore of Europe
and America.
 -- Yellow rocket (Bot.), a common cruciferous weed with yellow
flowers (Barbarea vulgaris).

ROCKET
Rock"et, n. Etym: [It. rocchetta, fr. rocca a distaff, of German
origin. Named from the resemblance in shape to a distaff. See Rock a
distaff.]

1. An artificial firework consisting of a cylindrical case of paper
or metal filled with a composition of combustible ingredients, as
niter, charcoal, and sulphur, and fastened to a guiding stick. The
rocket is projected through the air by the force arising from the
expansion of the gases liberated by combustion of the composition.
Rockets are used as projectiles for various purposes, for signals,
and also for pyrotechnic display.

2. A blunt lance head used in the joust. Congreve rocket, a powerful
form of rocket for use in war, invented by Sir William Congreve. It
may be used either in the field or for bombardment; in the former
case, it is armed with shells or case shot; in the latter, with a
combustible material inclosed in a metallic case, which is
inextinguishable when kindled, and scatters its fire on every side.

ROCKET
Rock"et, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rocketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Rocketing.]
(Sporting)

Defn: To rise straight up; said of birds; usually in the present
participle or as an adjective. [Eng.]
An old cock pheasant came rocketing over me. H. R. Haggard.

ROCKETER
Rock"et*er, n. (Sporting)

Defn: A bird, especially a pheasant, which, being flushed, rises
straight in the air like a rocket. [Eng.]

ROCKFISH
Rock"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of several California scorpænoid food fishes of the genus
Sebastichthys, as the red rockfish (S. ruber). They are among the
most important of California market fishes. Called also rock cod, and
garrupa.
(b) The striped bass. See Bass.
(c) Any one of several species of Florida and Bermuda groupers of the
genus Epinephelus.
(d) An American fresh-water darter; the log perch.

Note: The term is locally applied to various other fishes.

ROCKINESS
Rock"i*ness, n. Etym: [From Rocky.]

Defn: The state or quality of being rocky.

ROCKING
Rock"ing, a.

Defn: Having a swaying, rolling, or back-and-forth movement; used for
rocking. Rocking shaft. (Mach.) See Rock shaft.

ROCKING-CHAIR
Rock"ing-chair`, n.

Defn: A chair mounted on rockers, in which one may rock.

ROCKING-HORSE
Rock"ing-horse`, n.

Defn: The figure of a horse, mounted upon rockers, for children to
ride.

ROCKING-STONE
Rock"ing-stone`, n.

Defn: A stone, often of great size and weight, resting upon another
stone, and so exactly poised that it can be rocked, or slightly
moved, with but little force.

ROCKLESS
Rock"less, a.

Defn: Being without rocks. Dryden.

ROCKLING
Rock"ling, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of small marine fishes of the genera Onos and
Rhinonemus (formerly Motella), allied to the cod. They have three or
four barbels.

ROCKROSE
Rock"rose`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to any species of the genus Helianthemum, low
shrubs or herbs with yellow flowers, especially the European H.
vulgare and the American frostweed, H. Canadense. Cretan rockrose, a
related shrub (Cistus Creticus), one of the plants yielding the
fragrant gum called ladanum.

ROCK SHAFT
Rock" shaft`. Etym: [Cf. Rock, v. i.] (Mach.)

Defn: A shaft that oscillates on its journals, instead of revolving,
-- usually carrying levers by means of which it receives and
communicates reciprocating motion, as in the valve gear of some steam
engines; -- called also rocker, rocking shaft, and way shaft.

ROCK STAFF
Rock" staff`. Etym: [Cf. Rock, v. i.]

Defn: An oscillating bar in a machine, as the lever of the bellows of
a forge.

ROCKSUCKER
Rock"suck`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lamprey.

ROCKWEED
Rock"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any coarse seaweed growing on sea-washed rocks, especially
Fucus.

ROCKWOOD
Rock"wood`, n. (Min.)

Defn: Ligniform asbestus; also, fossil wood.

ROCKWORK
Rock"work`, n.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: Stonework in which the surface is left broken and rough.

2. (Gardening)

Defn: A rockery.

ROCKY
Rock"y, a.

1. Full of, or abounding in, rocks; consisting of rocks; as, a rocky
mountain; a rocky shore.

2. Like a rock; as, the rocky orb of a shield. Milton.

3. Fig.: Not easily impressed or affected; hard; unfeeling; obdurate;
as, a rocky bosom. Shak. Rocky Mountain locust (Zoöl.), the Western
locust, or grasshopper. See Grasshopper.
 -- Rocky Mountain sheep. (Zoöl.) See Bighorn.

ROCOA
Ro"coa, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rocou, roicou, Pg. & Braz, urucú.]

Defn: The orange-colored pulp covering the seeds of the tropical
plant Bixa Orellana, from which annotto is prepared. See Annoto.

ROCOCO
Ro*co"co, n. Etym: [F.; of uncertain etymology.]

Defn: A florid style of ornamentation which prevailed in Europe in
the latter part of the eighteenth century.

ROCOCO
Ro*co"co, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the style called rococo; like rococo;
florid; fantastic.

ROD
Rod, n. Etym: [The same word as rood. See Rood.]

1. A straight and slender stick; a wand; hence, any slender bar, as
of wood or metal (applied to various purposes). Specifically:
(a) An instrument of punishment or correction; figuratively,
chastisement.
He that spareth his rod hateth his son. Prov. xiii. 24.

(b) A kind of sceptor, or badge of office; hence, figuratively,
power; authority; tyranny; oppression. "The rod, and bird of peace."
Shak.
(c) A support for a fishing line; a fish pole. Gay.
(d) (Mach. & Structure) A member used in tension, as for sustaining a
suspended weight, or in tension and compression, as for transmitting
reciprocating motion, etc.; a connecting bar.
(e) An instrument for measuring.

2. A measure of length containing sixteen and a half feet; -- called
also perch, and pole. Black rod. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Rods and cones (Anat.), the elongated cells or elements of the
sensory layer of the retina, some of which are cylindrical, others
somewhat conical.

RODDY
Rod"dy, a.

Defn: Full of rods or twigs.

RODDY
Rod"dy, a.

Defn: Ruddy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RODE
Rode, n. Etym: [See Rud.]

Defn: Redness; complexion. [Obs.] "His rode was red." Chaucer.

RODE
Rode,

Defn: imp. of Ride.

RODE
Rode, n.

Defn: See Rood, the cross. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RODENT
Ro"dent, a. Etym: [L. rodens, -entis, p. pr. of rodere to gnaw. See
Rase, v. t., and cf. Rostrum.]

1. Gnawing; biting; corroding; (Med.) applied to a destructive
variety of cancer or ulcer.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) Gnawing.
(b) Of or pertaining to the Rodentia.

RODENT
Ro"dent, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Rodentia.

RODENTIA
Ro*den"ti*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Rodent, a.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of mammals having two (rarely four) large incisor
teeth in each jaw, distant from the molar teeth. The rats, squirrels,
rabbits, marmots, and beavers belong to this order.

Note: The incisor teeth are long, curved, and strongly enameled on
the outside, so as to keep a cutting edge. They have a persistent
pulp and grow continuously.

RODEO
Ro*de"o, n. Etym: [SP., a going round.]

Defn: A round-up. See Round-up. [Western U.S.]

RODGE
Rodge, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gadwall. [Prov.Eng.]

RODOMEL
Rod"o*mel, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Juice of roses mixed with honey. Simmonds.

RODOMONT
Rod"o*mont, n. Etym: [F. rodomont, It. rodomonte, fr. Rodomonte,
Rodamonte, a boasting hero in the "Orlando Furioso" of Ariosto, and
the "Orlando Innamorato" of Bojardo; properly, one who rolls away
mountains; Prov. It. rodare to roll away (fr. L. rota a wheel) + It.
monte a mountain, L. mons. See Rotary, Mount, n.]

Defn: A vain or blustering boaster; a braggart; a braggadocio. Sir T.
Herbert.

RODOMONT
Rod"o*mont, a.

Defn: Bragging; vainly boasting.

RODOMONTADE
Rod`o*mon*tade", n. Etym: [F., fr. It. rodomontana. See Rodomont, n.]

Defn: Vain boasting; empty bluster or vaunting; rant.
I could show that the rodomontades of Almanzor are neither so
irrational nor impossible. Dryden.

RODOMONTADE
Rod`o*mon*tade", v. i.

Defn: To boast; to brag; to bluster; to rant.

RODOMONTADIST
Rod`o*mon*tad"ist, n.

Defn: One who boasts.

RODOMONTADO
Rod`o*mon*ta"do, n.

Defn: Rodomontade.

RODOMONTADOR
Rod`o*mon*ta"dor, n.

Defn: A rodomontadist.

RODSMAN
Rods"man, n.; pl. Rodsmen (.

Defn: One who carries and holds a leveling staff, or rod, in a
surveying party. G. W. Cable.

RODY
Ro"dy, a.

Defn: Ruddy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ROE
Roe, n. Etym: [OE. ro, AS. rah; akin to D. ree, G. reh, Icel. ra, SW.
rå.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A roebuck. See Roebuck.
(b) The female of any species of deer.

ROE
Roe, n. Etym: [For roan, OE. rowne, akin to G. rogen, OHG. rogan,
Icel. hrogn, Dan. rogn, ravn, Sw. rom; of uncertain origin; cf. Gr.
gravel.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ova or spawn of fishes and amphibians, especially when
still inclosed in the ovarian membranes. Sometimes applied, loosely,
to the sperm and the testes of the male.

2. A mottled appearance of light and shade in wood, especially in
mahogany.

ROEBUCK
Roe"buck`, n. Etym: [1st roe + buck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European and Asiatic deer (Capreolus capræa) having
erect, cylindrical, branched antlers, forked at the summit. This, the
smallest European deer, is very nimble and graceful. It always
prefers a mountainous country, or high grounds.

ROED
Roed, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Filled with roe.

ROEDEER
Roe"deer`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The roebuck.

ROE, RICHARD
Roe, Richard. (Law)

Defn: A fictious name for a party, real or fictious, to an act or
proceeding. Other names were formerly similarly used, as John-a-
Nokes, John o', or of the, Nokes, or Noakes, John-a-Stiles, etc.

ROESTONE
Roe"stone`, n. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Oölite.

ROGATION
Ro*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. rogatio, fr. rogare, rogatum, to ask, beg,
supplicate: cf. F. rogation. Cf. Abrogate, Arrogant, Probogue.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The demand, by the consuls or tribunes, of a law to be passed
by the people; a proposed law or decree.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: Litany; supplication.
He perfecteth the rogations or litanies before in use. Hooker.
Rogation days (Eccl.), the three days which immediately precede
Ascension Day; -- so called as being days on which the people,
walking in procession, sang litanies of special supplication.
 -- Rogation flower (Bot.), a European species of milkwort (Polygala
vulgaris); -- so called from its former use for garlands in Rogation
week. Dr. Prior.
 -- Rogation week, the second week before Whitsunday, in which the
Rogation days occur.

ROGATORY
Rog"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [See Rogation.]

Defn: Seeking information; authorized to examine witnesses or
ascertain facts; as, a rogatory commission. Woolsey.

ROGER
Rog"er, n. [From a proper name Roger.]

Defn: A black flag with white skull and crossbones, formerly used by
pirates; -- called also Jolly Roger.

ROGUE
Rogue, n. Etym: [F. rogue proud, haughty, supercilious; cf. Icel. hr
a rook, croaker (cf. Rook a bird), or Armor. rok, rog, proud,
arogant.]

1. (Eng.Law)

Defn: A vagrant; an idle, sturdy beggar; a vagabond; a tramp.

Note: The phrase rogues and vagabonds is applied to a large class of
wandering, disorderly, or dissolute persons. They were formerly
punished by being whipped and having the gristle of the right ear
bored with a hot iron.

2. A deliberately dishonest person; a knave; a cheat.
The rogue and fool by fits is fair and wise. Pope.

3. One who is pleasantly mischievous or frolicsome; hence, often used
as a term of endearment.
Ah, you sweet little rogue, you! Shak.

4. An elephant that has separated from a herd and roams about alone,
in which state it is very savage.

5. (Hort.)

Defn: A worthless plant occuring among seedlings of some choice
variety. Rogues' gallery, a collection of portraits of rogues or
criminals, for the use of the police authorities.
 -- Rogue's march, derisive music performed in driving away a person
under popular indignation or official sentence, as when a soldier is
drummed out of a regiment.
 -- Rogue's yarn, yarn of a different twist and color from the rest,
inserted into the cordage of the British navy, to identify it if
stolen, or for the purpose of tracing the maker in case of defect.
Different makers are required to use yarns of different colors.

ROGUE
Rogue, v. i.

Defn: To wander; to play the vagabond; to play knavish tricks. [Obs.]
Spenser.

ROGUE
Rogue, v. t.

1. To give the name or designation of rogue to; to decry. [Obs.]
Cudworth.

2. (Hort.)

Defn: To destroy (plants that do not come up to a required standard).

ROGUERY
Rogu"er*y, n.

1. The life of a vargant. [Obs.]

2. The practices of a rogue; knavish tricks; cheating; fraud;
dishonest practices.
'Tis no scandal grown, For debt and roguery to quit the town. Dryden.

3. Arch tricks; mischievousness.

ROGUESHIP
Rogue"ship, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being a rogue. [Jocose] "Your
rogueship." Dryden.

ROGUISH
Rogu"ish, a.

1. Vagrant. [Obs.] Spenser.
His roguish madness Allows itself to anything. Shak.

2. Resembling, or characteristic of, a rogue; knavish.

3. Pleasantly mischievous; waggish; arch.
The most bewitching leer with her eyes, the most roguish cast.
Dryden.
-- Rogu"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Rogu"ish*ness, n.

ROGUY
Rogu"y, a.

Defn: Roguish. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

ROHOB
Ro"hob, n.

Defn: An inspissated juice. See Rob.

ROIAL
Roi"al, a.

Defn: Royal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ROIL
Roil, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Roiling.] Etym:
[Cf. OE. roilen to wander; possibly fr. OF. roeler to roll, equiv. to
F. rouler. See Roll, v., and cf. Rile.]

1. To render turbid by stirring up the dregs or sediment of; as, to
roil wine, cider, etc. , in casks or bottles; to roil a spring.

2. To disturb, as the temper; to ruffle the temper of; to rouse the
passion of resentment in; to perplex.
That his friends should believe it, was what roiled him [Judge
Jeffreys] exceedingly. R. North.

Note: Provincial in England and colloquial in the United States. A
commoner, but less approved, form is rile.

ROIL
Roil, v. i.

1. To wander; to roam. [Obs.]

2. To romp. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell.

ROILY
Roil"y, a.

Defn: Turbid; as, roily water.

ROIN
Roin, v. t.

Defn: See Royne. [Obs.]

ROIN
Roin, n. Etym: [F. rogne. See Roynish.]

Defn: A scab; a scurf, or scurfy spot. [Obs.]

ROINISH
Roin"ish, a.

Defn: See Roynish. [Obs.]

ROINT
Roint, interj.

Defn: See Aroint.

ROIST
Roist, v. i.

Defn: See Roister.

ROISTER
Roist"er, v. i. Etym: [Probably fr. F. rustre boor, a clown,
clownish, fr. L. rustucus rustic. See Rustic.]

Defn: To bluster; to swagger; to bully; to be bold, noisy, vaunting,
or turbulent.
I have a roisting challenge sent amongst The dull and factious nobles
of the Greeks. Shak.

ROISTER
Roist"er, n.

Defn: See Roisterer.

ROISTERER
Roist"er*er, n.

Defn: A blustering, turbulent fellow.
If two roisterers met, they cocked their hats in each other faces.
Macaulay.

ROISTERLY
Roist"er*ly, a.

Defn: Blustering; violent. [R.]

ROISTERLY
Roist"er*ly, adv.

Defn: In a roistering manner. [R.]

ROKAMBOLE
Rok"am*bole, n.

Defn: See Rocambole.

ROKE
Roke, n. Etym: [See Reek.]

1. Mist; smoke; damp [Prov.Eng.] [Written also roak, rook, and rouk.]

2. A vein of ore. [Pov.Eng.] Halliwell.

ROKEAGE; ROKEE
Roke"age, Rok"ee, n. Etym: [Cf. Nocake.]

Defn: Parched Indian corn, pounded up and mixed with sugar; -- called
also yokeage. [Local, U.S.]

ROKELAY
Rok"e*lay, n. Etym: [Cf. Roquelaure.]

Defn: A short cloak. [Written also rockelay, rocklay, etc.] [Scot.]

ROKY
Rok"y, a. Etym: [See Roke.]

Defn: Misty; foggy; cloudy. [Prov. Eng.] Ray.

ROLE
Rôle, n. Etym: [F. See Roll.]

Defn: A part, or character, performed by an actor in a drama; hence,
a part of function taken or assumed by any one; as, he has now taken
the rôle of philanthropist. Title rôle, the part, or character, which
gives the title to a play, as the part of Hamlet in the play of that
name.

ROLL
Roll, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Rolling.] Etym:
[OF. roeler, roler, F. rouler, LL. rotulare, fr. L. royulus, rotula,
a little wheel, dim. of rota wheel; akin to G. rad, and to Skr. ratha
car, chariot. Cf. Control, Roll, n., Rotary.]

1. To cause to revolve by turning over and over; to move by turning
on an axis; to impel forward by causing to turn over and over on a
supporting surface; as, to roll a wheel, a ball, or a barrel.

2. To wrap round on itself; to form into a spherical or cylindrical
body by causing to turn over and over; as, to roll a sheet of paper;
to roll parchment; to roll clay or putty into a ball.

3. To bind or involve by winding, as in a bandage; to inwrap; --
often with up; as, to roll up a parcel.

4. To drive or impel forward with an easy motion, as of rolling; as,
a river rolls its waters to the ocean.
The flood of Catholic reaction was rolled over Europe. J. A. Symonds.

5. To utter copiously, esp. with sounding words; to utter with a deep
sound; -- often with forth, or out; as, to roll forth some one's
praises; to roll out sentences.
Who roll'd the psalm to wintry skies. Tennyson.

6. To press or level with a roller; to spread or form with a roll,
roller, or rollers; as, to roll a field; to roll paste; to roll steel
rails, etc.

7. To move, or cause to be moved, upon, or by means of, rollers or
small wheels.

8. To beat with rapid, continuous strokes, as a drum; to sound a roll
upon.

9. (Geom.)

Defn: To apply (one line or surface) to another without slipping; to
bring all the parts of (one line or surface) into successive contact
with another, in suck manner that at every instant the parts that
have been in contact are equal.

10. To turn over in one's mind; to revolve.
Full oft in heart he rolleth up and down The beauty of these florins
new and bright. Chaucer.
To roll one's self, to wallow.
 -- To roll the eye, to direct its axis hither and thither in quick
succession.
 -- To roll one's r's, to utter the letter r with a trill. [Colloq.]

ROLL
Roll, v. i.

1. To move, as a curved object may, along a surface by rotation
without sliding; to revolve upon an axis; to turn over and over; as,
a ball or wheel rolls on the earth; a body rolls on an inclined
plane.
And her foot, look you, is fixed upon a spherical stone, which rolls,
and rolls, and rolls. Shak.

2. To move on wheels; as, the carriage rolls along the street. "The
rolling chair." Dryden.

3. To be wound or formed into a cylinder or ball; as, the cloth rolls
unevenly; the snow rolls well.

4. To fall or tumble; -- with over; as, a stream rolls over a
precipice.

5. To perform a periodical revolution; to move onward as with a
revolution; as, the rolling year; ages roll away.

6. To turn; to move circularly.
And his red eyeballs roll with living fire. Dryden.

7. To move, as waves or billows, with alternate swell and depression.
What different sorrows did within thee roll. Prior.

8. To incline first to one side, then to the other; to rock; as,
there is a great difference in ships about rolling; in a general
semse, to be tossed about.
Twice ten tempestuous nights I rolled. Pope.

9. To turn over, or from side to side, while lying down; to wallow;
as, a horse rolls.

10. To spread under a roller or rolling-pin; as, the paste rolls
well.

11. To beat a drum with strokes so rapid that they can scarcely be
distinguished by the ear.

12. To make a loud or heavy rumbling noise; as, the thunder rolls. To
roll about, to gad abroad. [Obs.]
Man shall not suffer his wife go roll about. Chaucer.

ROLL
Roll, n. Etym: [F. rôle a roll (in sense 3), fr. L. rotulus little
wheel, LL., a roll, dim. of L. rota a wheel. See Roll, v., and cf.
Rôle, Rouleau, Roulette.]

1. The act of rolling, or state of being rolled; as, the roll of a
ball; the roll of waves.

2. That which rolls; a roller. Specifically:
(a) A heavy cylinder used to break clods. Mortimer.
(b) One of a set of revolving cylinders, or rollers, between which
metal is pressed, formed, or smoothed, as in a rolling mill; as, to
pass rails through the rolls.

3. That which is rolled up; as, a roll of fat, of wool, paper, cloth,
etc. Specifically:
(a) A document written on a piece of parchment, paper, or other
materials which may be rolled up; a scroll.
Busy angels spread The lasting roll, recording what we say. Prior.

(b) Hence, an official or public document; a register; a record;
also, a catalogue; a list.
The rolls of Parliament, the entry of the petitions, answers, and
transactions in Parliament, are extant. Sir M. Hale.
The roll and list of that army doth remain. Sir J. Davies.

(c) A quantity of cloth wound into a cylindrical form; as, a roll of
carpeting; a roll of ribbon.
(d) A cylindrical twist of tobacco.

4. A kind of shortened raised biscuit or bread, often rolled or
doubled upon itself.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: The oscillating movement of a vessel from side to side, in sea
way, as distinguished from the alternate rise and fall of bow and
stern called pitching.

6. A heavy, reverberatory sound; as, the roll of cannon, or of
thunder.

7. The uniform beating of a drum with strokes so rapid as scarcely to
be distinguished by the ear.

8. Part; office; duty; rôle. [Obs.] L'Estrange. Long roll (Mil.), a
prolonged roll of the drums, as the signal of an attack by the enemy,
and for the troops to arrange themselves in line.
 -- Master of the rolls. See under Master.
 -- Roll call, the act, or the time, of calling over a list names, as
among soldiers.
 -- Rolls of court, of parliament (or of any public body), the
parchments or rolls on which the acts and proceedings of that body
are engrossed by the proper officer, and which constitute the records
of such public body.
 -- To call the roll, to call off or recite a list or roll of names
of persons belonging to an organization, in order to ascertain who
are present or to obtain responses from those present.

Syn.
 -- List; schedule; catalogue; register; inventory. See List.

ROLLABLE
Roll"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being rolled.

ROLLER
Roll"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, rolls; especially, a cylinder, sometimes
grooved, of wood, stone, metal, etc., used in husbandry and the arts.

2. A bandage; a fillet; properly, a long and broad bandage used in
surgery.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: One of series of long, heavy waves which roll in upon a coast,
sometimes in calm weather.

4. A long, belt-formed towel, to be suspended on a rolling cylinder;
-- called also roller towel.

5. (Print.)

Defn: A cylinder coated with a composition made principally of glue
and molassess, with which forms of type are inked previously to
taking an impression from them. W. Savage.

6. A long cylinder on which something is rolled up; as, the roller of
a man.

7. A small wheel, as of a caster, a roller skate, etc.

8. (Zoöl.)

Defn: ANy insect whose larva rolls up leaves; a leaf roller. see
Tortrix.

9. Etym: [CF. F. rollier.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of Old World picarian birds of the
family Coraciadæ. The name alludes to their habit of suddenly turning
over or "tumbling" in flight.

Note: Many of the species are brilliantly colored. The common
European species (Coracias garrula) has the head, neck, and under
parts light blue varied with green, the scapulars chestnut brown, and
the tail blue, green, and black. The broad-billed rollers of India
and Africa belong to the genus Eurystomus, as the oriental roller (E.
orientalis), and the Australian roller, or dollar bird (E.
Pacificus). The latter is dark brown on the head and neck, sea green
on the back, and bright blue on the throat, base of the tail, and
parts of the wings. It has a silvery-white spot on the middle of each
wing.

10. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of small ground snakes of the family Tortricidæ.
Ground roller (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Madagascar
rollers belonging to Atelornis and allied genera. They are nocturnal
birds, and feed on the ground.
 -- Roller bolt, the bar in a carriage to which the traces are
attached; a whiffletree. [Eng.] -- Roller gin, a cotton gin inn which
rolls are used for separating the seeds from the fiber.
 -- Roller mill. See under Mill.
 -- Roller skate, a skate which has small wheels in the place of the
metallic runner; -- designed for use in skating upon a smooth, hard
surface, other than ice.

ROLLER BEARING
Roll"er bear"ing. (Mach.)

Defn: A bearing containing friction rollers.

ROLLER COASTER
Roller coaster.

Defn: An amusement railroad in which cars coast by gravity over a
long winding track, with steep pitches and ascents.

ROLLEY
Rol"ley, n. Etym: [Probably fr. roll.]

Defn: A small wagon used for the underground work of a mine.
Tomlison.

ROLLIC
Rol"lic, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rollicked ; p. pr. & vb. n. Rollicking.]
Etym: [Corrupt. fr. frolic, under the influence of roll.]

Defn: To move or play in a careless, swaggering manner, with a
frolicsome air; to frolic; to sport; commonly in the form rollicking.
[Colloq.]
He described his friends as rollicking blades. T. Hook.

ROLLICHE; ROLLEJEE; ROLLICHIE
Rol"li*che, n. [Also Rol"le*jee, Rol"li*chie.] [D. rolletje a little
roll.]

Defn: A kind of sausage, made in a bag of tripe, sliced and fried,
famous among the Dutch of New Amsterdam and still known, esp. in New
Jersey.

ROLLING
Roll"ing, a.

1. Rotating on an axis, or moving along a surface by rotation;
turning over and over as if on an axis or a pivot; as, a rolling
wheel or ball.

2. Moving on wheels or rollers, or as if on wheels or rollers; as, a
rolling chair.

3. Having gradual, rounded undulations of surface; as, a rolling
country; rolling land. [U.S.] Rolling bridge. See the Note under
Drawbridge.
 -- Rolling circle of a paddle wheel, the circle described by the
point whose velocity equals the velocity of the ship. J. Bourne.
 -- Rolling fire (Mil.), a discharge of firearms by soldiers in line,
in quick succession, and in the order in which they stand.
 -- Rolling friction, that resistance to motion experienced by one
body rolling upon another which arises from the roughness or other
quality of the surfaces in contact.
 -- Rolling mill, a mill furnished with heavy rolls, between which
heated metal is passed, to form it into sheets, rails, etc.
 -- Rolling press. (a) A machine for calendering cloth by pressure
between revolving rollers. (b) A printing press with a roller, used
in copperplate printing.
 -- Rolling stock, or Rolling plant, the locomotives and vehicles of
a railway.
 -- Rolling tackle (Naut.), tackle used to steady the yards when the
ship rolls heavily. R. H. Dana, Jr.

ROLLING-PIN
Roll"ing-pin`, n.

Defn: A cylindrical piece of wood or other material, with which paste
or dough may be rolled out and reduced to a proper thickness.

ROLLWAY
Roll"way`, n.

Defn: A place prepared for rolling logs into a stream.

ROLLY-POLY
Roll"y-po`ly, n.

Defn: A kind of pudding made of paste spread with fruit, rolled into
a cylindrical form, and boiled or steamed.
 -- a.

Defn: Shaped like a rolly-poly; short and stout. [Written also roly-
poly.]

ROLLY-POOLY
Roll"y-pool`y, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A game in which a ball, rolling into a certain place, wins.
[Written also rouly-pouly.]

ROLY-POLY
Ro"ly-po`ly, n. & a.

Defn: Rolly-poly.

ROMAGE
Rom"age, n. & v.

Defn: See Rummage. [Obs.] Shak.

ROMAIC
Ro*ma"ic, a. Etym: [NGr. romaïque. See Roman.]

Defn: Of or relating to modern Greece, and especially to its
language.
 -- n.

Defn: The modern Greek language, now usually called by the Greeks
Hellenic or Neo-Hellenic.

Note: The Greeks at the time of the capture of Constantinople were
proud of being "Romai^oi, or Romans . . . Hence the term Romaic was
the name given to the popular language. . . . The Greek language is
now spoken of as the Hellenic language. Encyc. Brit.

ROMAJIKAI
Ro"ma*ji*ka`i, n. [Jap. romajikai.]

Defn: An association, including both Japanese and Europeans, having
for its object the changing of the Japanese method of writing by
substituting Roman letters for Japanese characters.

ROMAN
Ro"man, a. Etym: [L. Romanus, fr. Roma Rome: cf. F. romain. Cf.
Romaic, Romance, Romantic.]

1. Of or pertaining to Rome, or the Roman people; like or
characteristic of Rome, the Roman people, or things done by Romans;
as, Roman fortitude; a Roman aqueduct; Roman art.

2. Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic religion; professing that
religion.

3. (Print.)
(a) Upright; erect; -- said of the letters or kind of type ordinarily
used, as distinguished from Italic characters.
(b) Expressed in letters, not in figures, as I., IV., i., iv., etc.;
-- said of numerals, as distinguished from the Arabic numerals, 1, 4,
etc. Roman alum (Chem.), a cubical potassium alum formerly obtained
in large quantities from Italian alunite, and highly valued by dyers
on account of its freedom from iron.
 -- Roman balance, a form of balance nearly resembling the modern
steelyard. See the Note under Balance, n., 1.
 -- Roman candle, a kind of firework (generally held in the hand),
characterized by the continued emission of shower of sparks, and the
ejection, at intervals, of brilliant balls or stars of fire which are
thrown upward as they become ignited.
 -- Roman Catholic, of, pertaining to, or the religion of that church
of which the pope is the spiritual head; as, a Roman Catholic priest;
the Roman Catholic Church.
 -- Roman cement, a cement having the property of hardening under
water; a species of hydraulic cement.
 -- Roman law. See under Law.
 -- Roman nose, a nose somewhat aquiline.
 -- Roman ocher, a deep, rich orange color, transparent and durable,
used by artists. Ure.
 -- Roman order (Arch.), the composite order. See Composite, a., 2.

ROMAN
Ro"man, n.

1. A native, or permanent resident, of Rome; a citizen of Rome, or
one upon whom certain rights and privileges of a Roman citizen were
conferred.

2. Roman type, letters, or print, collectively; -- in distinction
from Italics.

ROMAN CALENDAR
Roman calendar.

Defn: The calendar of the ancient Romans, from which our modern
calendars are derived. It is said to have consisted originally of ten
months, Martius, Aprilis, Maius, Junius, Quintilis, Sextilis,
September, October, November, and December, having a total of 304
days. Numa added two months, Januarius at the beginning of the year,
and Februarius at the end, making in all 355 days. He also ordered an
intercalary month, Mercedinus, to be inserted every second year.
Later the order of the months was changed so that January should come
before February. Through abuse of power by the pontiffs to whose care
it was committed, this calendar fell into confusion. It was replaced
by the Julian calendar. In designating the days of the month, the
Romans reckoned backward from three fixed points, the calends, the
nones, and the ides. The calends were always the first day of the
month. The ides fell on the 15th in March, May, July (Quintilis), and
October, and on the 13th in other months. The nones came on the
eighth day (the ninth, counting the ides) before the ides. Thus, Jan.
13 was called the ides of January, Jan. 12, the day before the ides,
and Jan. 11, the third day before the ides (since the ides count as
one), while Jan. 14 was the 19th day before the calends of February.

ROMANCE
Ro*mance", n. Etym: [OE. romance, romant, romaunt, OF. romanz,
romans, romant, roman, F. roman, romance, fr. LL. Romanice in the
Roman language, in the vulgar tongue, i. e., in the vulgar language
which sprang from Latin, the language of the Romans, and hence
applied to fictitious compositions written in this vulgar tongue; fr.
L. Romanicus Roman, fr. Romanus. See Roman, and cf. Romanic, Romaunt,
Romansch, Romanza.]

1. A species of fictitious writing, originally composed in meter in
the Romance dialects, and afterward in prose, such as the tales of
the court of Arthur, and of Amadis of Gaul; hence, any fictitious and
wonderful tale; a sort of novel, especially one which treats of
surprising adventures usually befalling a hero or a heroine; a tale
of extravagant adventures, of love, and the like. "Romances that been
royal." Chaucer.
Upon these three columns -- chivalry, gallantry, and religion --
repose the fictions of the Middle Ages, especially those known as
romances. These, such as we now know them, and such as display the
characteristics above mentioned, were originally metrical, and
chiefly written by nations of the north of France. Hallam.

2. An adventure, or series of extraordinary events, resembling those
narrated in romances; as, his courtship, or his life, was a romance.

3. A dreamy, imaginative habit of mind; a disposition to ignore what
is real; as, a girl full of romance.

4. The languages, or rather the several dialects, which were
originally forms of popular or vulgar Latin, and have now developed
into Italian. Spanish, French, etc. (called the Romanic languages).

5. (Mus.)

Defn: A short lyric tale set to music; a song or short instrumental
piece in ballad style; a romanza.

Syn.
 -- Fable; novel; fiction; tale.

ROMANCE
Ro*mance", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the language or dialects known as Romance.

ROMANCE
Ro*mance", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Romanced; p. pr. & vb. n. Romancing.]

Defn: To write or tell romances; to indulge in extravagant stories.
A very brave officer, but apt to romance. Walpole.

ROMANCER
Ro*man"cer, n.

Defn: One who romances.

ROMANCIST
Ro*man"cist, n.

Defn: A romancer. [R.]

ROMANCY
Ro*man"cy, a.

Defn: Romantic. [R.]

ROMANESQUE
Ro`man*esque", a. Etym: [F. romanesque; cf. It. romanesco.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: Somewhat resembling the Roman; -- applied sometimes to the
debased style of the later Roman empire, but esp. to the more
developed architecture prevailing from the 8th century to the 12th.

2. Of or pertaining to romance or fable; fanciful. Romanesque style
(Arch.), that which grew up from the attempts of barbarous people to
copy Roman architecture and apply it to their own purposes. This term
is loosely applied to all the styles of Western Europe, from the fall
of the Western Roman Empire to the appearance of Gothic architecture.

ROMANESQUE
Ro`man*esque", n.

Defn: Romanesque style.

ROMANIC
Ro*man"ic, a. Etym: [L. Romanicus. See Romance, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to Rome or its people.

2. Of or pertaining to any or all of the various languages which,
during the Middle Ages, sprung out of the old Roman, or popular form
of Latin, as the Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Provencal,
etc.

3. Related to the Roman people by descent; -- said especially of
races and nations speaking any of the Romanic tongues. Romanic
spelling, spelling by means of the letters of the Roman alphabet, as
in English; -- contrasted with phonetic spelling.

ROMANISH
Ro"man*ish, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Romanism.

ROMANISM
Ro"man*ism, n.

Defn: The tenets of the Church of Rome; the Roman Catholic religion.

ROMANIST
Ro"man*ist, n.

Defn: One who adheres to Romanism.

ROMANIZE
Ro"man*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Romanized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Romanizing.]

1. To Latinize; to fill with Latin words or idioms. [R.] Dryden.

2. To convert to the Roman Catholic religion.

ROMANIZE
Ro"man*ize, v. i.

1. To use Latin words and idioms. "Apishly Romanizing." Milton.

2. To conform to Roman Catholic opinions, customs, or modes of
speech.

ROMANIZER
Ro"man*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who Romanizes.

ROMANSCH
Ro*mansch", n. Etym: [Grisons rumansch, rumonsch, romonsch. See
Romance.]

Defn: The language of the Grisons in Switzerland, a corruption of the
Latin. [Written also Romansch, and Rumonsch.]

ROMANT
Ro*mant", n.

Defn: A romaunt. [Obs.]

ROMANTIC
Ro*man"tic, a. Etym: [F. romantique, fr. OF. romant. See Romance.]

1. Of or pertaining to romance; involving or resembling romance;
hence, fanciful; marvelous; extravagant; unreal; as, a romantic tale;
a romantic notion; a romantic undertaking.
Can anything in nature be imagined more profane and impious, more
absurd, and undeed romantic, than such a persuasion South.
Zeal for the good of one's country a party of men have represented as
chimerical and romantic. Addison.

2. Entertaining ideas and expectations suited to a romance; as, a
romantic person; a romantic mind.

3. Of or pertaining to the style of the Christian and popular
literature of the Middle Ages, as opposed to the classical antique;
of the nature of, or appropriate to, that style; as, the romantic
school of poets.

4. Characterized by strangeness or variety; suggestive of adventure;
suited to romance; wild; picturesque; -- applied to scenery; as, a
romantic landscape.

Syn.
 -- Sentimental; fanciful; fantastic; fictitious; extravagant; wild;
chimerical. See Sentimental. The romantic drama. See under Drama.

ROMANTICAL
Ro*man"tic*al, a.

Defn: Romantic.

ROMANTICALY
Ro*man"tic*al*y, adv.

Defn: In a romantic manner.

ROMANTICISM
Ro*man"ti*cism, n. Etym: [CF. It. romanticismo, F. romantisme,
romanticisme.]

Defn: A fondness for romantic characteristics or peculiarities;
specifically, in modern literature, an aiming at romantic effects; --
applied to the productions of a school of writers who sought to
revive certain medi
He [Lessing] may be said to have begun the revolt from pseudo-
classicism in poetry, and to have been thus unconsciously the founder
of romanticism. Lowell.

ROMANTICIST
Ro*man"ti*cist, n.

Defn: One who advocates romanticism in modern literature. J. R.
Seeley.

ROMANTICLY
Ro*man"tic*ly, adv.

Defn: Romantically. [R.] Strype.

ROMANTICNESS
Ro*man"tic*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being romantic; widness; fancifulness.
Richardson.

ROMANY
Rom"a*ny, n. Etym: [Gypsy romano, romani, adj., gypsy; cf. rom
husband.]

1. A gypsy.

2. The language spoken among themselves by the gypsies. [Written also
Rommany.]

ROMANZA
Ro*man"za, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: See Romance,5.

ROMAUNT
Ro*maunt", n. Etym: [See Romance.]

Defn: A romantic story in verse; as, the "Romaunt of the Rose."
O, hearken, loving hearts and bold, Unto my wild romaunt. Mrs.
Browning.

ROMBLE
Rom"ble, v.& n.

Defn: Rumble. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ROMBOWLINE
Rom*bow"line, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.)

Defn: Old, condemned canvas, rope, etc., unfit for use except in
chafing gear. [Written also rumbowline.]

ROMEINE; ROMEITE
Ro"me*ine, Ro"me*ite, n. Etym: [F. roméine. So calledafter the French
mineralogist Romé L'Isle.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a hyacinth or honey-yellow color, occuring in
square octahedrons. It is an antimonate of calcium.

ROMEKIN
Rome"kin, n. Etym: [CF. Rummer.]

Defn: A drinking cup. [Written also romkin.] [Obs.] Halliwell.

ROME PENNY; ROME SCOT
Rome" pen`ny, or; Rome" scot`.

Defn: See Peter pence, under Peter.

ROMEWARD
Rome"ward, adv.

Defn: Toward Rome, or toward the Roman Catholic Church.

ROMEWARD
Rome"ward, a.

Defn: Tending or directed toward Rome, or toward the Roman Catholic
Church.
To analyze the crisis in its Anglican rather than in its Romeward
aspect. Gladstone.

ROMIC
Rom"ic, n.

Defn: A method of notation for all spoken sounds, proposed by Mr.
Sweet; -- so called because it is based on the common Roman-letter
alphabet. It is like the palæotype of Mr. Ellis in the general plan,
but simpler.

ROMISH
Rom"ish, a.

Defn: Belonging or relating to Rome, or to the Roman Catholic Church;
-- frequently used in a disparaging sense; as, the Romish church; the
Romish religion, ritual, or ceremonies.

ROMIST
Rom"ist, n.

Defn: A Roman Catholic. [R.] South.

ROMP
Romp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Romped; p. pr. & vb. n. Romping.] Etym: [A
variant of ramp. See Ramp to leap, Rampallian.]

Defn: To play rudely and boisterously; to leap and frisk about in
play.

ROMP
Romp, n.

1. A girl who indulges in boisterous play.

2. Rude, boisterous play or frolic; rough sport.
While romp-loving miss Is hauled about in gallantry robust. Thomson.

ROMPING
Romp"ing, a.

Defn: Inclined to romp; indulging in romps.
A little romping girl from boarding school. W. Irving.

ROMPINGLY
Romp"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a romping manner.

ROMPISH
Romp"ish, a.

Defn: Given to rude play; inclined to romp. --- Romp"ish, adv.
 -- Romp"ish*ness, n.

ROMPU
Rom"pu, a. Etym: [F. rompu, p. p. of rompre to breeak, L. rumpere.
See Rupture.] (Her.)

Defn: Broken, as an ordinary; cut off, or broken at the top, as a
chevron, a bend, or the like.

RONCADOR
Ron`ca*dor", n. Etym: [Sp., a snorer, fr. roncar to snore. So called
in allusion to the grunting noise made by them on being taken from
the water. ] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of California sciænoid food fishes,
especially Roncador Stearnsi, which is an excellent market fish, and
the red roncador (Corvina, or Johnius, saturna).

RONCHIL
Ron"chil, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. ronquillo slightly hoarse.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American marine food fish (Bathymaster signatus) of the
North Pacific coast, allied to the tilefish. [Written also ronquil.]

RONCO
Ron"co, n. Etym: [Sp. ronco hoarse.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Croaker, n., 2. (a). [Texas]

RONDACHE
Ron`dache", n. Etym: [F.] (Anc. Armor.)

Defn: A circular shield carried by foot soldiers.

RONDE
Ronde, n. Etym: [F.] (Print.)

Defn: A kind of script in which the heavy strokes are nearly upright,
giving the characters when taken together a round look.

RONDEAU
Ron*deau", n. Etym: [F. See Roundel.] [Written also rondo.]

1. A species of lyric poetry so composed as to contain a refrain or
repetition which recurs according to a fixed law, and a limited
number of rhymes recurring also by rule.

Note: When the rondeau was called the rondel it was mostly written in
fourteen octosyllabic lines of two rhymes, as in the rondels of
Charles d'Orleans. . . . In the 17th century the approved form of the
rondeau was a structure of thirteen verses with a refrain. Encyc.
Brit.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: See Rondo,1.

RONDEL
Ron"del, n. Etym: [Cf. Rondeau, Roundel.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A small round tower erected at the foot of a bastion. [Obs.]

2. Etym: [F.]
(a) Same as Rondeau.
(b) Specifically, a particular form of rondeau containing fourteen
lines in two rhymes, the refrain being a repetition of the first and
second lines as the seventh and eighth, and again as the thirteenth
and fourteenth. E. W. Gosse.

RONDELETIA
Ron`de*le"ti*a, n. Etym: [NL. So named after William Rondelet, a
French naturalist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tropical genus of rubiaceous shrubs which often have
brilliant flowers.

RONDLE
Ron"dle, n. Etym: [Cf. Rondel.]

1. A rondeau. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. A round mass, plate, or disk; especially (Metal.), the crust or
scale which forms upon the surface of molten metal in the crucible.

RONDO
Ron"do, n. Etym: [It. rondò, fr. F. rondeau. See Rondeau.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A composition, vocal or instrumental, commonly of a lively,
cheerful character, in which the first strain recurs after each of
the other strains. "The Rondo-form was the earliest and most frequent
definite mold for musical construction." Grove.

2. (Poetry)

Defn: See Rondeau, 1.

RONDURE
Ron"dure, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rondeur roundness.]

1. A round; a circle. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Roundness; plumpness. [R.]
High-kirtled for the chase, and what was shown Of maiden rondure,
like the rose half-blown. Lowell.

RONG
Rong, obs.

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Ring. Chaucer.

RONG
Rong, n.

Defn: Rung (of a ladder). [Obs.] Chaucer.

RONGEUR
Ron`geur", n. Etym: [F., fr. ronger to gnaw.] (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for removing small rough portions of bone.

RONIN
Ro"nin", n. [Jap. ro-nin, fr. Chin. lang profligate, lawless + jên
(old sound nin) man.]

Defn: In Japan, under the feudal system, a samurai who had renounced
his clan or who had been discharged or ostracized and had become a
wanderer without a lord; an outcast; an outlaw.

RONION; RONYON
Ron"ion, Ron"yon, n. Etym: [F. rogne scab, mange.]

Defn: A mangy or scabby creature.
"Aroint thee, with!" the rump-fed ronyon cries. Shak.

RONNE; RONNEN
Ron"ne,

Defn: obs. imp. pl., and Ron"nen (,

Defn: obs. p. p. of Renne, to run. Chaucer.

RONT
Ront, n. Etym: [See Runt.]

Defn: A runt. [Obs.] Spenser.

RONTGEN
Rönt"gen, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the German physicist Wilhelm Konrad
Röntgen, or the rays discovered by him; as, Röntgen apparatus.

RONTGENIZE
Rönt"gen*ize, v. t. (Physics)

Defn: To render (air or other gas) conducting by the passage of
Röntgen rays.

RONTGEN RAY
Röntgen ray. (Physics)

Defn: Any of the rays produced when cathode rays strike upon surface
of a solid (as the wall of the vacuum tube). Röntgen rays are noted
for their penetration of many opaque substances, as wood and flesh,
their action on photographic plates, and their fluorescent effects.
They were called X rays by their discoverer, W. K. Röntgen. They also
ionize gases, but cannot be reflected, or polarized, or deflected by
a magnetic field. They are regarded as nonperiodic, transverse pulses
in the ether. They are used in examining opaque objects, as for
locating fractures or bullets in the human body.

ROOD
Rood, n. Etym: [AS. rr, D. roede rod, G. ruthe, rute, OHG. ruota. CF.
Rod a measure.]

1. A representation in sculpture or in painting of the cross with
Christ hanging on it.

Note: Generally, the Trinity is represented, the Father as an elderly
man fully clothed, with a nimbus around his head, and holding the
cross on which the Son is represented as crucified, the Holy Spirit
descending in the form of a dove near the Son's head. Figures of the
Virgin Mary and of St. John are often placed near the principal
figures.
Savior, in thine image seen Bleeding on that precious rood.
Wordsworth.

2. A measure of five and a half yards in length; a red; a perch; a
pole. [Prov.Eng.]

3. The fourth part of an acre, or forty square rods. By the rood, by
the cross; -- a phrase formerly used in swearing. "No, by the road,
not so." Shak.
 -- Rood beam (Arch.), a beam across the chancel of a church,
supporting the road.
 -- Rood loft (Arch.), a loft or gallery, in a church, on which the
rood and its appendagess were set up to view. Gwilt.
 -- Rood screen (Arch.), a screen, between the choir and the body of
the church, over which the rood was placed. Fairholt.
 -- Rood tower (Arch.), a tower at the intersection of the nave and
transept of a church; -- when crowned with a spire it was called also
rood steeple. Weale.
 -- Rood tree, the cross. [Obs.] "Died upon the rood tree." Gower.

ROODEBOK
Roo"de*bok, n. Etym: [D. rood red + bok buck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pallah.

ROODY
Rood"y, a.

Defn: Rank in growth. [Prov.Eng.]

ROOF
Roof, n. Etym: [OE. rof, AS. hr top, roof; akin to D. roef cabin,
Icel. hr a shed under which ships are built or kept; cf. OS. hr roof,
Goth. hr. Cf. Roost.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: The cover of any building, including the roofing (see Roofing)
and all the materials and construction necessary to carry and
maintain the same upon the walls or other uprights. In the case of a
building with vaulted ceilings protected by an outer roof, some
writers call the vault the roof, and the outer protection the roof
mask. It is better, however, to consider the vault as the ceiling
only, in cases where it has farther covering.

2. That which resembles, or corresponds to, the covering or the
ceiling of a house; as, the roof of a cavern; the roof of the mouth.
The flowery roof Showered roses, which the morn repaired. Milton.

3. (Mining.)

Defn: The surface or bed of rock immediately overlying a bed of coal
or a flat vein. Bell roof, French roof, etc. (Arch.) See under Bell,
French, etc.
 -- Flat roof. (Arch.) (a) A roof actually horizontal and level, as
in some Oriental buildings. (b) A roof nearly horizontal, constructed
of such material as allows the water to run off freely from a very
slight inclination.
 -- Roof plate. (Arch.) See Plate, n., 10.

ROOF
Roof, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roofed; p. pr. & vb. n. Roofing.]

1. To cover with a roof.
I have not seen the remains of any Roman buildings that have not been
roofed with vaults or arches. Addison.

2. To inclose in a house; figuratively, to shelter.
Here had we now our country's honor roofed. Shak.

ROOFER
Roof"er, n.

Defn: One who puts on roofs.

ROOFING
Roof"ing, n.

1. The act of covering with a roof.

2. The materials of which a roof is composed; materials for a roof.
Gwilt.

3. Hence, the roof itself; figuratively, shelter. "Fit roofing gave."
Southey.

4. (Mining)

Defn: The wedging, as of a horse or car, against the top of an
underground passage. Raymond.

ROOFLESS
Roof"less, a.

1. Having no roof; as, a roofless house.

2. Having no house or home; shelterless; homeless.

ROOFLET
Roof"let, n.

Defn: A small roof, covering, or shelter.

ROOFTREE
Roof"tree`, n.

Defn: The beam in the angle of a roof; hence, the roof itself.
Now for me the woods may wither, now for me the rooftree fall.
Tennyson.

ROOFY
Roof`y, a.

Defn: Having roofs. [R.] Dryden.

ROOK
Rook, n.

Defn: Mist; fog. See Roke. [Obs.]

ROOK
Rook, v. i.

Defn: To squat; to ruck. [Obs.] Shak.

ROOK
Rook, n. Etym: [F. roc (cf. Sp. roque), fr. Per. & Ar. rokh, or rukh,
the rook or castle at chess, also the bird roc (in this sense pehaps
a different word); cf. Hind. rath a war chariot, the castle at chess,
Skr. ratha a car, a war car. Cf. Roll.] (Chess)

Defn: One of the four pieces placed on the corner squares of the
board; a castle.

ROOK
Rook, n. Etym: [AS. hr; akin to OHG. hruoh, ruoh, ruoho, Icel. hr,
Sw. roka, Dan. raage; cf. Goth. hrukjan to crow.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European bird (Corvus frugilegus) resembling the crow, but
smaller. It is black, with purple and violet reflections. The base of
the beak and the region around it are covered with a rough, scabrous
skin, which in old birds is whitish. It is gregarious in its habits.
The name is also applied to related Asiatic species.
The rook . . . should be treated as the farmer's friend. Pennant.

2. A trickish, rapacious fellow; a cheat; a sharper. Wycherley.

ROOK
Rook, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Rooked; p. pr. & vb. n. Rooking.]

Defn: To cheat; to defraud by cheating. "A band of rooking
officials." Milton.

ROOKERY
Rook"er*y, n.; pl. Rookeries (.

1. The breeding place of a colony of rooks; also, the birds
themselves. Tennyson.

2. A breeding place of other gregarious birds, as of herons,
penguins, etc.

3. The breeding ground of seals, esp. of the fur seals.

4. A dilapidated building with many rooms and occupants; a cluster of
dilapidated or mean buildings.

5. A brothel. [Low]

ROOKY
Rook"y, a. Etym: [See Roky.]

Defn: Misty; gloomy. [Obs.]
Light thickens, and the crow Makes wing to the rooky wood. Shak.

Note: Some make this Shakespearean word mean "abounding in rooks."

ROOM
Room, n. Etym: [OE. roum, rum, space, AS. rum; akin to OS., OFries. &
Icel. rum, D. ruim, G. raum, OHG. rum, Sw. & Dan. rum, Goth. rums,
and to AS. rum, adj., spacious, D. ruim, Icel. rumr, Goth. rums; and
prob. to L. rus country (cf. Rural), Zend ravanh wide, free, open,
ravan a plain.]

1. Unobstructed spase; space which may be occupied by or devoted to
any object; compass; extent of place, great or small; as, there is
not room for a house; the table takes up too much room.
Lord, it is done as thou hast commanded, and yet there is room. Luke
xiv. 22.
There was no room for them in the inn. Luke ii. 7.

2. A particular portion of space appropriated for occupancy; a place
to sit, stand, or lie; a seat.
If he have but twelve pence in his purse, he will give it for the
best room in a playhouse. Overbury.
When thou art bidden of any man to a wedding, sit not down in the
highest room. Luke xiv. 8.

3. Especially, space in a building or ship inclosed or set apart by a
partition; an apartment or chamber.
I found the prince in the next room. Shak.

4. Place or position in society; office; rank; post; station; also, a
place or station once belonging to, or occupied by, another, and
vacated. [Obs.]
When he heard that Archelaus did reign in Judea in the room of his
father Herod. Matt. ii. 22.
Neither that I look for a higher room in heaven. Tyndale.
Let Bianca take her sister's room. Shak.

5. Possibility of admission; ability to admit; opportunity to act;
fit occasion; as, to leave room for hope.
There was no prince in the empire who had room for such an alliance.
Addison.
Room and space (Shipbuilding), the distance from one side of a rib to
the corresponding side of the next rib; space being the distance
between two ribs, in the clear, and room the width of a rib.
 -- To give room, to withdraw; to leave or provide space unoccupied
for others to pass or to be seated.
 -- To make room, to open a space, way, or passage; to remove
obstructions; to give room.
Make room, and let him stand before our face. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Space; compass; scope; latitude.

ROOM
Room, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Roomed; p. pr. & vb. n. Rooming.]

Defn: To occupy a room or rooms; to lodge; as, they arranged to room
together.

ROOM
Room, a. Etym: [AS. rum.]

Defn: Spacious; roomy. [Obs.]
No roomer harbour in the place. Chaucer.

ROOMAGE
Room"age, n. Etym: [From Room. CF. Rummage.]

Defn: Space; place; room. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

ROOMER
Room"er, n.

Defn: A lodger. [Colloq.]

ROOMER
Room"er, adv. Etym: [See Room, a.]

Defn: At a greater distance; farther off. [Obs.] Sir J. Harrington.

ROOMFUL
Room"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding with room or rooms; roomy. "A roomful house." [R.]
Donne.

ROOMFUL
Room"ful, n.; pl. Roomfuls (.

Defn: As much or many as a room will hold; as, a roomful of men.
Swift.

ROOMILY
Room"i*ly, adv.

Defn: Spaciously.

ROOMINESS
Room"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being roomy; spaciousness; as, the
roominess of a hall.

ROOMLESS
Room"less, a.

Defn: Being without room or rooms. Udall.

ROOMMATE
Room"mate`, n.

Defn: One of twe or more occupying the same room or rooms; one who
shares the occupancy of a room or rooms; a chum.

ROOMSOME
Room"some, a.

Defn: Roomy. [Obs.] Evelyn.

ROOMTH
Roomth, n.

Defn: Room; space. [Obs.] Drayton.

ROOMTHY
Roomth"y, a.

Defn: Roomy; spacious. [Obs.] Fuller.

ROOMY
Room"y, a.

Defn: Having ample room; spacious; large; as, a roomy mansion; a
roomy deck. Dryden.

ROON
Roon, a. & n.

Defn: Vermilion red; red. [R.]
Her face was like the lily roon. J. R. Drake.

ROOP
Roop, n.

Defn: See Roup. [Prov. Eng.]

ROORBACK; ROORBACH
Roor"back, Roor"bach, n.

Defn: A defamatory forgery or falsehood published for purposes of
political intrigue. [U.S.]

Note: The word originated in the election canvass of 1844, when such
a forgery was published, to the detriment of James K. Polk, a
candidate for President, purporting to be an extract from the
"Travels of Baron Roorbach."

ROOSA OIL
Roo"sa oil`.

Defn: The East Indian name for grass oil. See under Grass.

ROOST
Roost, n.

Defn: Roast. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ROOST
Roost, v. t.

Defn: See Roust, v. t.

ROOST
Roost, n. Etym: [AS. hrost; akin to OD. roest roost, roesten to
roost, and probably to E. roof. Cf. Roof.]

1. The pole or other support on which fowls rest at night; a perch.
He clapped his wings upon his roost. Dryden.

2. A collection of fowls roosting together. At roost, on a perch or
roost; hence, retired to rest.

ROOST
Roost, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Roosted; p. pr. & vb. n. Roosting.]

1. To sit, rest, or sleep, as fowls on a pole, limb of a tree, etc.;
to perch. Wordsworth.

2. Fig.; To lodge; to rest; to sleep.
O, let me where thy roof my soul hath hid, O, let me roost and nestle
there. Herbert.

ROOSTCOCK
Roost"cock`, n.

Defn: The male of the domestic fowl; a cock. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

ROOSTER
Roost"er, n.

Defn: The male of the domestic fowl; a cock. [U.S.]
Nor, when they [the Skinners and Cow Boys] wrung the neck of a
rooster, did they trouble their heads whether he crowed for Congress
or King George. W. Irving.

ROOT
Root, v. i. Etym: [AS. wrotan; akin to wrot a snout, trunk, D.
wroeten to root, G. rüssel snout, trunk, proboscis, Icel. rota to
root, and perhaps to L. rodere to gnaw (E. rodent) or to E. root, n.]

1. To turn up the earth with the snout, as swine.

2. Hence, to seek for favor or advancement by low arts or groveling
servility; to fawn servilely.

ROOT
Root, v. t.

Defn: To turn up or to dig out with the snout; as, the swine roots
the earth.

ROOT
Root, n. Etym: [Icel. rot (for vrot); akin to E. wort, and perhaps to
root to turn up the earth. See Wort.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) The underground portion of a plant, whether a true root or a
tuber, a bulb or rootstock, as in the potato, the onion, or the sweet
flag.
(b) The descending, and commonly branching, axis of a plant,
increasing in length by growth at its extremity only, not divided
into joints, leafless and without buds, and having for its offices to
fix the plant in the earth, to supply it with moisture and soluble
matters, and sometimes to serve as a reservoir of nutriment for
future growth. A true root, however, may never reach the ground, but
may be attached to a wall, etc., as in the ivy, or may hang loosely
in the air, as in some epiphytic orchids.

2. An edible or esculent root, especially of such plants as produce a
single root, as the beet, carrot, etc.; as, the root crop.

3. That which resembles a root in position or function, esp. as a
source of nourishment or support; that from which anything proceeds
as if by growth or development; as, the root of a tooth, a nail, a
cancer, and the like. Specifically:
(a) An ancestor or progenitor; and hence, an early race; a stem.
They were the roots out of which sprang two distinct people. Locke.

(b) A primitive form of speech; one of the earliest terms employed in
language; a word from which other words are formed; a radix, or
radical.
(c) The cause or occasion by which anything is brought about; the
source. "She herself . . . is root of bounty." Chaucer.
The love of money is a root of all kinds of evil. 1 Tim. vi. 10 (rev.
Ver. )
(d) (Math.)

Defn: That factor of a quantity which when multiplied into itself
will produce that quantity; thus, 3 is a root of 9, because 3
multiplied into itself produces 9; 3 is the cube root of 27.
(e) (Mus.) The fundamental tone of any chord; the tone from whose
harmonics, or overtones, a chord is composed. Busby.
(f) The lowest place, position, or part. "Deep to the roots of hell."
Milton. "The roots of the mountains." Southey.

4. (Astrol.)

Defn: The time which to reckon in making calculations.
When a root is of a birth yknowe [known]. Chaucer.
Aërial roots. (Bot.) (a) Small roots emitted from the stem of a plant
in the open air, which, attaching themselves to the bark of trees,
etc., serve to support the plant. (b) Large roots growing from the
stem, etc., which descend and establish themselves in the soil. See
Illust. of Mangrove.
 -- Multiple primary root (Bot.), a name given to the numerous roots
emitted from the radicle in many plants, as the squash.
 -- Primary root (Bot.), the central, first-formed, main root, from
which the rootlets are given off.
 -- Root and branch, every part; wholly; completely; as, to destroy
an error root and branch.
 -- Root-and-branch men, radical reformers; -- a designation applied
to the English Independents (1641). See Citation under Radical, n.,
2.
 -- Root barnacle (Zoöl.), one of the Rhizocephala.
 -- Root hair (Bot.), one of the slender, hairlike fibers found on
the surface of fresh roots. They are prolongations of the superficial
cells of the root into minute tubes. Gray.
 -- Root leaf (Bot.), a radical leaf. See Radical, a., 3 (b).
 -- Root louse (Zoöl.), any plant louse, or aphid, which lives on the
roots of plants, as the Phylloxera of the grapevine. See Phylloxera.
 -- Root of an equation (Alg.), that value which, substituted for the
unknown quantity in an equation, satisfies the equation.
 -- Root of a nail (Anat.), the part of a nail which is covered by
the skin.
 -- Root of a tooth (Anat.), the part of a tooth contained in the
socket and consisting of one or more fangs.
 -- Secondary roots (Bot.), roots emitted from any part of the plant
above the radicle.
 -- To strike root, To take root, to send forth roots; to become
fixed in the earth, etc., by a root; hence, in general, to become
planted, fixed, or established; to increase and spread; as, an
opinion takes root. "The bended twigs take root." Milton.

ROOT
Root, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rooted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rooting.]

1. To fix the root; to enter the earth, as roots; to take root and
begin to grow.
In deep grounds the weeds root deeper. Mortimer.

2. To be firmly fixed; to be established.
If any irregularity chanced to intervene and to cause
misappehensions, he gave them not leave to root and fasten by
concealment. Bp. Fell.

ROOT
Root, v. t.

1. To plant and fix deeply in the earth, or as in the earth; to
implant firmly; hence, to make deep or radical; to establish; -- used
chiefly in the participle; as, rooted trees or forests; rooted
dislike.

2. To tear up by the root; to eradicate; to extirpate; -- with up,
out, or away. "I will go root away the noisome weeds." Shak.
The Lord rooted them out of their land . . . and cast them into
another land. Deut. xxix. 28.

ROOTCAP
Root"cap`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A mass of parenchym

ROOTED
Root"ed, a.

Defn: Having taken root; firmly implanted; fixed in the heart. "A
rooted sorrow." Shak.
 -- Root"*ed*ly, adv.
 -- Root"ed*ness, n.

ROOTER
Rooter, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, roots; one that tears up by the roots.

ROOTERY
Root"er*y, n.

Defn: A pile of roots, set with plants, mosses, etc., and used as an
ornamental object in gardening.

ROOTLESS
Root"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of roots.

ROOTLET
Root"let, n.

Defn: A radicle; a little root.

ROOTSTOCK
Root"stock`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial underground stem, producing leafly s

ROOTY
Root"y, a.

Defn: Full of roots; as, rooty ground.

ROPALIC
Ro*pal"ic, a.

Defn: See Rhopalic.

ROPE
Rope, n. Etym: [AS. rap; akin to D. reep, G. reif ring hoop, Icel.
reip rope, Sw. rep, Dan. reb, reeb Goth. skaudaraip latchet.]

1. A large, stout cord, usually one not less than an inch in
circumference, made of strands twisted or braided together. It
differs from cord, line, and string, only in its size. See Cordage.

2. A row or string consisting of a number of things united, as by
braiding, twining, etc.; as, a rope of onions.

3. pl.

Defn: The small intestines; as, the ropes of birds. Rope ladder, a
ladder made of ropes.
 -- Rope mat., a mat made of cordage, or strands of old rope.
 -- Rope of sand, something of no cohession or fiber; a feeble union
or tie; something not to be relied upon.
 -- Rope pump, a pump in which a rapidly running endless rope raises
water by the momentum communicated to the water by its adhesion to
the rope.
 -- Rope transmission (Mach.), a method of transmitting power, as
between distant places, by means of endless ropes running over
grooved pulleys.
 -- Rope's end, a piece of rope; especially, one used as a lash in
inflicting punishment.
 -- To give one rope, to give one liberty or license; to let one go
at will uncheked.

ROPE
Rope, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Roped; p. pr. & vb. n. Roping.]

Defn: To be formed into rope; to draw out or extend into a filament
or thread, as by means of any glutinous or adhesive quality.
Let us not hang like ropingicicles Upon our houses' thatch. Shak.

ROPE
Rope, v. t.

1. To bind, fasten, or tie with a rope or cord; as, to rope a bale of
goods. Hence: --

2. To connect or fasten together, as a party of mountain climbers,
with a rope.

3. To partition, separate, or divide off, by means of a rope, so as
to include or exclude something; as, to rope in, or rope off, a plot
of ground; to rope out a crowd.

4. To lasso (a steer, horse). [Colloq. U.S.]

5. To draw, as with a rope; to entice; to inveigle; to decoy; as, to
rope in customers or voters. [Slang, U.S.]

6. To prevent from winning (as a horse), by pulling or curbing.
[Racing Slang, Eng.]

ROPEBAND
Rope"band`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A small piece of spun yarn or marline, used to fasten the head
of the sail to the spar. [Written also roband, and robbin.]

ROPEDANCER
Rope"dan`cer, n.

Defn: One who dances, walks, or performs acrobatic feats, on a rope
extended through the air at some height.
 -- Rope"dan`cing, n.

ROPER
Rop"er, n.

1. A maker of ropes. P. Plowman.

2. One who ropes goods; a packer.

3. One fit to be hanged. [Old Slang] Douce.

ROPERY
Rop"er*y, n.

1. A place where ropes are made.

2. Tricks deserving the halter; roguery. [Obs.] "Saucy merchant . . .
so full of his ropery." Shak.

ROPE'S-END
Rope's"-end`, v. t.

Defn: To punish with a rope's end.

ROPEWALK
Rope"walk`, a.

Defn: A long, covered walk, or a low, level building, where ropes are
manufactured.

ROPEWALKER
Rope"walk`er, n.

Defn: A ropedancer.

ROPE-YARN
Rope"-yarn`, n.

Defn: the yarn or thread of any stuff of which the strands of a rope
are made.

ROPILY
Rop"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a ropy manner; in a viscous or glutinous manner.

ROPINESS
Rop"i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being ropy; viscosity.

ROPISH
Rop"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat ropy.

ROPY
Rop"y, a.

Defn: capable of being drawn into a thread, as a glutinous substance;
stringy; viscous; tenacious; glutinous; as ropy sirup; ropy lees.

ROQUE
Roque (rok), n. [Abbr. fr. Croquet.]

Defn: A form of croquet modified for greater accuracy of play. The
court has a wood border often faced with rubber, used as a cushion in
bank shots. The balls are 3¼ in. in diameter, the cage (center arches
or wickets) 3 3/8 in. wide, the other arches 3½ in. wide.

ROQUEFORT CHEESE; ROQUEFORT
Roque`fort" cheese, or Roque`fort", n.

Defn: A highly flavored blue-molded cheese, made at Roquefort,
department of Aveyron, France. It is made from milk of ewes,
sometimes with cow's milk added, and is cured in caves. Improperly, a
cheese made in imitation of it.

ROQUELAURE
Roq"ue*laure, n. Etym: [F.; so called after Duc de Roquelaure, in the
reign of Louis XIV.]

Defn: A cloak reaching about to, or just below, the knees, worn in
the 18th century. [Written also roquelo.]

ROQUET
Ro*quet", v. t. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain] (Croquet)

Defn: To hit, as another's ball, with one's own ball.

ROQUET
Ro*quet", v. i.

Defn: To hit another's ball with one's own.

RORAL
Ro"ral, a. Etym: [L. ros, roris, dew.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to dew; consisting of dew; dewy. [R.] M.
Green.

RORATION
Ro*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. roratio, fr. rorare to drop dew, fr. ros
dew.]

Defn: A falling of dew. [R.]

RORIC
Ro"ric, a. Etym: [L. ros, roris, dew.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to dew; resembling dew; dewy. Roric figures
(Physics), figures which appear upon a polished surface, as glass,
when objects which have been near to, or in contact with, the surface
are removed and the surface breathed upon; -- called also Moser's
images.

RORID
Ro"rid, a. Etym: [L. roridus, fr. ros, roris, dew.]

Defn: Dewy; bedewed. [R.] T. Granger.

RORIFEROUS
Ro*rif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. rorifer; ros, roris, dew + ferre to bear:
cf. F. rorifère.]

Defn: generating or producing dew. [R.]

RORIFLUENT
Ro*rif"lu*ent, a. Etym: [L. ros, roris, dew + fluens, p.pr. of fluere
to flow.]

Defn: Flowing with dew. [R.]

RORQUAL
Ror"qual, n. Etym: [Norw. rorqualus a whale with folds.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large North Atlantic whalebone whale (Physalus
antiquorum, or Balænoptera physalus). It has a dorsal fin, and strong
longitudinal folds on the throat and belly. Called also razorback.

Note: It is one of the largest of the whales, somethimes becoming
nearly one hundred feet long, but it is more slender than the right
whales, and is noted for its swiftness. The name is sometimes applied
to other related species of finback whales.

RORULENT
Ro"ru*lent, a. Etym: [L. rorulentus, from ros, roris, dew.]

1. Full of, or abounding in, dew. [R.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the surface appearing as if dusty, or covered with fine
dew.

RORY
Ro"ry, a. Etym: [L. ros, roris, dew.]

Defn: Dewy. [R.]
And shook his wings with rory May-dew wet. Fairfax.

ROSACEOUS
Ro*sa"ceous, a. Etym: [L. rosaceus, fr. rosa rose.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Rosaceæ) of which
the rose is the type. It includes also the plums and cherries,
meadowsweet, brambles, the strawberry, the hawthorn, applies, pears,
service tress, and quinces.
(b) Like a rose in shape or appearance; as, a rosaceous corolla.

2. Of a pure purpish pink color.

ROSACIC
Ro*sac"ic, a. Etym: [See Rosaceous.] (Old med. Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (called also lithic
acid) found in certain red precipitates of urine. See Uric. [Obs.]

ROSALGAR
Ro*sal"gar, n.

Defn: realgar. [Obs.] chaucer.

ROSALIA
Ro*sa"li*a, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rosalie.] (Mus.)

Defn: A form of melody in which a phrase or passage is successively
repeated, each time a step or half step higher; a melodic sequence.

ROSANILINE
Ros*an"i*line ( or ), n. Etym: [Rose + aniline.] (Chem.)

Defn: A complex nitrogenous base, C20H21N3O, obtained by oxidizing a
mixture of aniline and toluidine, as a colorless crystalline
substance which forms red salts. These salts are essential components
of many of the socalled aniline dyes, as fuchsine, aniline red, etc.
By extension, any one of the series of substances derived from, or
related to, rosaniline proper.

ROSARIAN
Ro*sa"ri*an, n.

Defn: A cultivator of roses.

ROSARY
Ro"sa*ry, n.; pl. Rosaries. Etym: [LL. rosarium a string of beads, L.
rosarium a place planted with roses, rosa a rose: cf. F. rosaire. See
Rose.]

1. A bed of roses, or place where roses grow. "Thick rosaries of
scented thorn." Tennyson.

2. (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: A series of prayers (see Note below) arranged to be recited in
order, on beads; also, a string of beads by which the prayers are
counted.
His idolized book, and the whole rosary of his prayers. Milton.

Note: A rosary consists of fifteen decades. Each decade contains ten
Ave Marias marked by small beads, preceded by a Paternoster, marked
by a larger bead, and concluded by a Gloria Patri. Five decades make
a chaplet, a third part of the rosary. Bp. Fitzpatrick.

3. A chapelet; a garland; a series or collection, as of beautiful
thoughts or of literary selections.
Every day propound to yourself a rosary or chaplet of good works to
present to God at night. Jer. Taylor.

4. A coin bearing the figure of a rose, fraudulently circulated in
Ireland in the 13th century for a penny. Rosary shell (Zoöl.), any
marine gastropod shell of the genus Monodonta. They are top-shaped,
bright-colored and pearly.

ROSCID
Ros"cid, a. Etym: [L. roscidus, fr. ros, roris, dew.]

Defn: Containing, or consisting of, dew; dewy. [R.] Bacon.

ROSCOELITE
Ros"coe*lite, n. Etym: [From an English chemist, H.E. Roscoe + -
lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A green micaceous mineral occurring in minute scales. It is
essentially a silicate of aluminia and potash containing vanadium.

ROSE
Rose,

Defn: imp. of Rise.

ROSE
Rose, n. Etym: [AS. rose, L. rosa, probably akin to Gr. vard, OPer.
vareda; and perhaps to E. wort: cf. F. rose, from the Latin. Cf.
Copperas, Rhododendron.]

1. A flower and shrub of any species of the genus Rosa, of which
there are many species, mostly found in the morthern hemispere

Note: Roses are shrubs with pinnate leaves and usually prickly stems.
The flowers are large, and in the wild state have five petals of a
color varying from deep pink to white, or sometimes yellow. By
cultivation and hybridizing the number of petals is greatly increased
and the natural perfume enhanced. In this way many distinct classes
of roses have been formed, as the Banksia, Baurbon, Boursalt, China,
Noisette, hybrid perpetual, etc., with multitudes of varieties in
nearly every class.

2. A knot of ribbon formed like a rose; a rose knot; a rosette, esp.
one worn on a shoe. Sha.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A rose window. See Rose window, below.

4. A perforated nozzle, as of a pipe, spout, etc., for delivering
water in fine jets; a rosehead; also, a strainer at the foot of a
pump.

5. (Med.)

Defn: The erysipelas. Dunglison.

6. The card of the mariner's compass; also, a circular card with
radiating lines, used in other instruments.

7. The color of a rose; rose-red; pink.

8. A diamond. See Rose diamond, below. Cabbage rose, China rose, etc.
See under Cabbage, China, etc.
 -- Corn rose (Bot.) See Corn poppy, under Corn.
 -- Infantile rose (Med.), a variety of roseola.
 -- Jamaica rose. (Bot.) See under Jamaica.
 -- Rose acacia (Bot.), a low American leguminous shrub (Robinia
hispida) with handsome clusters of rose-colored blossoms.
 -- Rose aniline. (Chem.) Same as Rosaniline.
 -- Rose apple (Bot.), the fruit of the tropical myrtaceous tree
Eugenia Jambos. It is an edible berry an inch or more in diameter,
and is said to have a very strong roselike perfume.
 -- Rose beetle. (Zoöl.) (a) A small yellowish or buff longlegged
beetle (Macrodactylus subspinosus), which eats the leaves of various
plants, and is often very injurious to rosebushes, apple trees,
grapevines, etc. Called also rose bug, and rose chafer. (b) The
European chafer.
 -- Rose bug. (Zoöl.) same as Rose beetle, Rose chafer.
 -- Rose burner, a kind of gas-burner producing a rose-shaped flame.
 -- Rose camphor (Chem.), a solid odorless substance which separates
from rose oil.
 -- Rose campion. (Bot.) See under Campion.
 -- Rose catarrh (Med.), rose cold.
 -- Rose chafer. (Zoöl.) (a) A common European beetle (Cetonia
aurata) which is often very injurious to rosebushes; -- called also
rose beetle, and rose fly. (b) The rose beetle (a).
 -- Rose cold (Med.), a variety of hay fever, sometimes attributed to
the inhalation of the effluvia of roses. See Hay fever, under Hay.
 -- Rose color, the color of a rose; pink; hence, a beautiful hue or
appearance; fancied beauty, attractiveness, or promise.

-- Rose de Pompadour, Rose du Barry, names succesively given to a
delicate rose color used on Sèvres porcelain.
 -- Rose diamond, a diamond, one side of which is flat, and the other
cut into twenty-four triangular facets in two ranges which form a
convex face pointed at the top. Cf. Brilliant, n.
 -- Rose ear. See under Ear.
 -- Rose elder (Bot.), the Guelder-rose.
 -- Rose engine, a machine, or an appendage to a turning lathe, by
which a surface or wood, metal, etc., is engraved with a variety of
curved lines. Craig.
 -- Rose family (Bot.) the Roseceæ. See Rosaceous.
 -- Rose fever (Med.), rose cold.
 -- Rose fly (Zoöl.), a rose betle, or rose chafer.
 -- Rose gall (Zoöl.), any gall found on rosebushes. See Bedeguar.
 -- Rose knot, a ribbon, or other pliade band plaited so as to
resemble a rose; a rosette.
 -- Rose lake, Rose madder, a rich tint prepared from lac and madder
precipitated on an earthy basis. Fairholt.
 -- Rose mallow. (Bot.) (a) A name of several malvaceous plants of
the genus Hibiscus, with large rose-colored flowers. (b) the
hollyhock.
 -- Rose nail, a nail with a convex, faceted head.
 -- Rose noble, an ancient English gold coin, stamped with the figure
of a rose, first struck in the reign of Edward III., and current at
6s. 8d. Sir W. Scott.
 -- Rose of China. (Bot.) See China rose (b), under China.
 -- Rose of Jericho (Bot.), a Syrian cruciferous plant (Anastatica
Hierochuntica) which rolls up when dry, and expands again when
moistened; -- called also resurrection plant.
 -- Rose of Sharon (Bot.), an ornamental malvaceous shrub (Hibiscus
Syriacus). In the Bible the name is used for some flower not yet
identified, perhaps a Narcissus, or possibly the great lotus flower.
 -- Rose oil (Chem.), the yellow essential oil extracted from various
species of rose blossoms, and forming the chief part of attar of
roses.
 -- Rose pink, a pigment of a rose color, made by dyeing chalk or
whiting with a decoction of Brazil wood and alum; also, the color of
the pigment.
 -- Rose quartz (Min.), a variety of quartz which is rose-red.
 -- Rose rash. (Med.) Same as Roseola.
 -- Rose slug (Zoöl.), the small green larva of a black sawfly
(Selandria rosæ). These larvæ feed in groups on the parenchyma of the
leaves of rosebushes, and are often abundant and very destructive.
 -- Rose window (Arch.), a circular window filled with ornamental
tracery. Called also Catherine wheel, and marigold window. Cf. wheel
window, under Wheel.
 -- Summer rose (Med.), a variety of roseola. See Roseola.
 -- Under the rose Etym: [a translation of L. sub rosa], in secret;
privately; in a manner that forbids disclosure; -- the rose being
among the ancients the symbol of secrecy, and hung up at
entertainments as a token that nothing there said was to be divulged.
 -- Wars of the Roses (Eng. Hist.), feuds between the Houses of York
and Lancaster, the white rose being the badge of the House of York,
and the red rose of the House of Lancaster.

ROSE
Rose, v. t.

1. To render rose-colored; to redden; to flush. [Poetic] "A maid yet
rosed over with the virgin crimson of modesty." Shak.

2. To perfume, as with roses. [Poetic] Tennyson.

ROSEAL
Ro"se*al, a. Etym: [L. roseus, fr. rosa a rose.]

Defn: resembling a rose in smell or color. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

ROSEATE
Ro"se*ate, a. Etym: [Cf. L. roseus, rosatus, prepared from roses. See
Roseal, Rose.]

1. Full of roses; rosy; as, roseate bowers.

2. resembling a rose in color or fragrance; esp., tinged with rose
color; blooming; as, roseate beauty; her roseate lips. Roseate tern
(Zoöl.), an American and European tern (Sterna Dougalli) whose breast
is roseate in the breeding season.

ROSEBAY
Rose"bay`, n. (Bot.)
(a) the oleander. [Obs.]
(b) Any shrub of the genus Rhododendron. [U.S.]
(c) An herb (Epilobium spicatum) with showy purple flowers, common in
Europe and North America; -- called also great willow herb.

ROSEBUD
Rose"bud`, n.

Defn: The flower of a rose before it opens, or when but partially
open.

ROSEBUSH
Rose"bush`, n.

Defn: The bush or shrub which bears roses.

ROSE-COLORED
Rose"-col`ored, a.

1. Having the color of a pink rose; rose-pink; of a delicate pink
color.

2. Uncommonly beautiful; hence, extravagantly fine or pleasing;
alluring; as, rose-colored anticipations.

ROSE-CUT
Rose"-cut`, a.

Defn: Cut flat on the reverse, and with a convex face formed of
triangular facets in rows; -- said of diamonds and other precious
stones. See Rose diamond, under Rose. Cf. Brilliant, n.

ROSEDROP
Rose"drop`, n.

1. A lozenge having a rose flavor.

2. A kind of earring. Simmonds.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A ruddy eruption upon the nose caused by drinking ardent
spirits; a grog blossom.

ROSEFINCH
Rose"finch, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of Asiatic finches of the genera
Carpodacus, and Propasser, and allied genera, in which the male is
more or less colored with rose red.

ROSEFISH
Rose"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large marine scorpænoid food fish (Sebastes marinus) found on
the northern coasts of Europe and America. called also red perch,
hemdurgan, Norway haddok, and also, erroneously, snapper, bream, and
bergylt.

Note: When full grown it is usually bright rose-red or orange-red;
the young are usually mottled with red and ducky brown.

ROSEHEAD
Rose"head`, n.

1. See Rose, n., 4.

2. A many-sided pyramidal head upon a nail; also a nail with such a
head.

ROSEINE
Ro"se*ine ( or ), n.

Defn: See Magenta.

ROSELITE
Ro"se*lite, n. Etym: [From the German mineralogist G. Rose + -lite.]
(Min.)

Defn: A hydrous arsenite of cobalt, occuring in small red crystals,
allied to erythrite.

ROSELLA
Ro"sel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. rosa rose.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beautiful Australian parrakeet (Platycercus eximius) often
kept as a cage bird. The head and back of the neck are scarlet, the
throat is white, the back dark green varied with lighter green, and
the breast yellow.

ROSELLE
Ro*selle", n. (Bot.)

Defn: a malvaceous plant (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) cultivated in the east
and West Indies for its fleshy calyxes, which are used for making
tarts and jelly and an acid drink.

ROSEMALOES
Rose`mal"oes, n. Etym: [From the native name; cf. Malay rasamala the
name of the tree.]

Defn: The liquid storax of the East Indian Liquidambar orientalis.

ROSEMARY
Rose"ma*ry, n. Etym: [OE. rosmarine, L. rosmarinus; ros dew (cf.
Russ. rosa, Lith. rasa, Skr. rasa juice) + marinus marine: cf. F.
romarin. In English the word has been changed as if it meant the rose
of Mary. See Marine.]

Defn: A labiate shrub (Rosmarinus officinalis) with narrow grayish
leaves, growing native in the southern part of France, Spain, and
Italy, also in Asia Minor and in China. It has a fragrant smell, and
a warm, pungent, bitterish taste. It is used in cookery, perfumery,
etc., and is an emblem of fidelity or constancy.
There's rosemary, that's for remembrance. Shak.
Marsh rosemary. (a) A little shrub (Andromeda polifolia) growing in
cold swamps and having leaves like those of the rosemary. (b) See
under Marsh.
 -- Rosemary pine, the loblolly pine. See under Loblolly.

ROSEN
Ros"en, a.

Defn: Consisting of roses; rosy. [Obs.]

ROSENMULLER'S ORGAN; ROSENMUELLER'S ORGAN
Ro"sen*mül`ler's or"gan.

Defn: [So named from its first describer, J. C. Rosenmüller, a German
anatomist.] (Anat.) The parovarium.

ROSEO-
Ro"se*o-. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix (also used adjectively) signifying rose-red;
specifically used to designate certain rose-red compounds (called
roseo-cobaltic compounds) of cobalt with ammonia. Cf. Luteo-.

ROSEOLA
Ro*se"o*la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. rosa a rose.] (med.)

Defn: A rose-colored efflorescence upon the skin, occurring in
circumscribed patches of little or no elevation and often alternately
fading and reviving; also, an acute specific disease which is
characterized by an eruption of this character; -- called also rose
rash.
 -- Ro*se"o*lous, a.

ROSE-PINK
Rose"-pink`, a.

1. Having a pink color like that of the rose, or like the pigment
called rose pink. See Rose pink, under Rose.

2. Disposed to clothe everything with roseate hues; hence,
sentimental. "Rose-pink piety." C. Kingsley.

ROSER
Ros"er, n.

Defn: A rosier; a rosebush. [Obs.]

ROSE-RED
Rose"-red`, a.

Defn: Red as a rose; specifically (Zoöl.), of a pure purplish red
color. Chaucer.

ROSE-RIAL
Rose"-ri`al, n. Etym: [See Rose, and Royal.]

Defn: A name of several English gold coins struck in different reigns
and having having different values; a rose noble.

ROSEROOT
Rose"root`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A fleshy-leaved herb (Rhodiola rosea); rosewort; -- so called
because the roots have the odor of roses.

ROSERY
Ros"er*y, n.

Defn: A place where roses are cultivated; a nursery of roses. See
Rosary, 1.

ROSET
Ro"set, n. Etym: [F. rosette. See Rosette.]

Defn: A red color used by painters. Peacham.

ROSETTA STONE
Ro*set"ta stone`.

Defn: A stone found at Rosetta, in Egypt, bearing a trilingual
inscription, by aid of which, with other inscriptions, a key was
obtained to the hieroglyphics of ancient Egypt. Brande & C.

ROSETTA WOOD
Ro*set"ta wood`.

Defn: An east Indian wood of a reddish orange color, handsomely
veined with darker marks. It is occasionally used for cabinetwork.
Ure.

ROSETTE
Ro*sette, n. Etym: [F., dim. of rose a rose. Cf. Roset.]

1. An imitation of a rose by means of ribbon or other material, --
used as an ornament or a badge.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornament in the form of a rose or roundel, -much used in
decoration.

3. A red color. See Roset.

4. A rose burner. See under Rose.

5. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any structure having a flowerlike form; especially, the group of
five broad ambulacra on the upper side of the spatangoid and
clypeastroid sea urchins. See Illust. of Spicule, and Sand dollar,
under Sand.
(b) A flowerlike color marking; as, the rosettes on the leopard.

ROSE WATER
Rose" wa`ter.

Defn: Water tinctured with roses by distillation.

ROSE-WATER
Rose"-wa`ter, a.

Defn: Having the odor of rose water; hence, affectedly nice or
delicate; sentimental. "Rose-water philantropy." Carlyle.

ROSEWOOD
Rose"wood, n.

Defn: A valuable cabinet wood of a dark red color, streaked and
variegated with black, obtained from several tropical leguminous
trees of the genera Dalbergia and Machærium. The finest kind is from
Brazil, and is said to be from the Dalbergia nigra. African rosewood,
the wood of the leguminous tree Pterocarpus erinaceus.
 -- Jamaica rosewood, the wood of two West Indian trees (Amyris
balsamifera, and Linocieria ligustrina).
 -- New South Wales rosewood, the wood of Trichilia glandulosa, a
tree related to the margosa.

ROSEWORM
Rose"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of any one of several species of lepidopterous
insects which feed upon the leaves, buds, or blossoms of the rose,
especially Cacæcia rosaceana, which rolls up the leaves for a nest,
and devours both the leaves and buds.

ROSEWORT
Rose"wort`, n. (Bot.)
(a) Roseroot.
(b) Any plant nearly related to the rose. Lindley.

ROSICRUCIAN
Ros`i*cru"cian, n. Etym: [The name is probably due to a German
theologian, Johann Valentin Andreä, who in anonymous pamphlets called
himself a knight of the Rose Cross (G. Rosenkreuz), using a seal with
a St. Andrew's cross and four roses.)]

Defn: One who, in the 17th century and the early part of the 18th,
claimed to belong to a secret society of philosophers deeply versed
in the secrets of nature, -- the alleged society having existed, it
was stated, several hundred years.

Note: The Rosicrucians also called brothers of the Rosy Cross, Rosy-
cross Knights, Rosy-cross philosophers, etc. Among other pretensions,
they claimed to be able to transmute metals, to prolong life, to know
what is passing in distant places, and to discover the most hidden
things by the application of the Cabala and science of numbers.

ROSICRUCIAN
Ros`i*cru"cian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Rosicrucians, or their arts.

ROSIED
Ros"ied, a.

Defn: Decorated with roses, or with the color of roses.

ROSIER
Ro"sier, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. rosarius of roses. Cf. Rosary.]

Defn: A rosebush; roses, collectively. [Obs.]
Crowned with a garland of sweet rosier. Spenser.

ROSILY
Ros"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rosy manner. M. Arnold.

ROSIN
Ros"in, n. Etym: [A variant of resin.]

Defn: The hard, amber-colored resin left after distilling off the
volatile oil of turpentine; colophony. Rosin oil, an oil obtained
from the resin of the pine tree, -- used by painters and for
lubricating machinery, etc.

ROSIN
Ros"in, v. t.

Defn: To rub with rosin, as musicians rub the bow of a violin.
Or with the rosined bow torment the string. Gay.

ROSINESS
Ros"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being rosy.

ROSINWEED
Ros"in*weed`, n. (Bot.)
(a) The compass plant. See under Compass.
(b) A name given in California to various composite plants which
secrete resins or have a resinous smell.

ROSINY
Ros"in*y, a.

Defn: like rosin, or having its qualities.

ROSLAND
Ros"land, n. Etym: [W. rhos a meadow, a moor + E. land.]

Defn: heathy land; land full of heather; moorish or watery land.
[prov. Eng.]

ROSMARINE
Ros"ma*rine`, n. Etym: [OE. See Rosemary.]

1. Dew from the sea; sea dew. [Obs.]
That purer brine And wholesome dew called rosmarine. B. Jonson.

2. Rosemary. [Obs.] Spenser. "Biting on anise seed and rosmarine."
Bp. Hall.

ROSMARINE
Ros"ma*rine, n. Etym: [Norw. rosmar a walrus; ros a horse (akin to E.
horse) + (probably) mar the sea.]

Defn: A fabulous sea animal which was reported to climb by means of
its teeth to the tops of rocks to feed upon the dew.
And greedly rosmarines with visages deforme. Spenser.

ROSOLIC
Ro*sol"ic, a. Etym: [Rose + carbolic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a complex red dyestuff (called
rosolic acid) which is analogous to rosaniline and aurin. It is
produced by oxidizing a mixture of phenol and cresol, as a dark red
amorphous mass, C20H16O3, which forms weak salts with bases, and
stable ones with acids. Called also methyl aurin, and, formerly,
corallin.

ROSS
Ross; 115), n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: The rough, scaly matter on the surface of the bark of trees.
[Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]

ROSS
Ross, v. t.

Defn: To divest of the ross, or rough, scaly surface; as, to ross
bark. [Local, U.S.]

ROSSEL
Ros"sel, n.

Defn: Light land; rosland. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Mortimer.

ROSSEL CURRENT
Ros"sel cur`rent. [From Rossel Island, in the Louisiade Archipelago.]
(Oceanography)

Defn: A portion of the southern equatorial current flowing westward
from the Fiji Islands to New Guinea.

ROSSEL CURRENT
Ros"sel cur`rent. [From Rossel Island, in the Louisiade Archipelago.]
(Oceanography)

Defn: A portion of the southern equatorial current flowing westward
from the Fiji Islands to New Guinea.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]

ROSSELLY
Ros"sel*ly, a.

Defn: Loose; light. [Obs.] Mortimer.

ROST
Rost, n.

Defn: See Roust. [Scot.] Jemieson.

ROSTEL
Ros"tel, n. Etym: [L. rostellum, dim. of rostrum a beak: cf. F.
rostelle.]

Defn: same as Rostellum.

ROSTELLAR
Ros*tel"lar, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a rostellum.

ROSTELLATE
Ros"tel*late, a. Etym: [NL. rostellatus.]

Defn: Having a rostellum, or small beak; terminating in a beak.

ROSTELLIFORM
Ros*tel"li*form, a.

Defn: Having the form of a rostellum, or small beak.

ROSTELLUM
Ros*tel"lum, n.; pl. Rostella. Etym: [L. See Rostel.]

Defn: A small beaklike process or extension of some part; a small
rostrum; as, the rostellum of the stigma of violets, or of the
operculum of many mosses; the rostellum on the head of a tapeworm.

ROSTER
Ros"ter, n. Etym: [Perhaps a corruption of register; or cf. roll.]
(Mil.)

Defn: A register or roll showing the order in which officers,
enlisted men, companies, or regiments are called on to serve.

ROSTRA
Ros"tra, n. pl.

Defn: See Rostrum, 2.

ROSTRAL
Ros"tral, a. Etym: [L. rostralis, fr. rostrum a beak; cf. F.
rostral.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the beak or snout of an animal, or the beak
of a ship; resembling a rostrum, esp., the rostra at Rome, or their
decorations.
[Monuments] adorned with rostral crowns and naval ornaments. Addison.

ROSTRATE; ROSTRATED
Ros"trate, Ros"tra*ted, a. Etym: [L. rostratus, fr. rostrum a beak.
See Rostrum.]

1. Having a process resembling the beak of a bird; beaked;
rostellate.

2. Furnished or adorned with beaks; as, rostrated galleys.

ROSTRIFERA
Ros*trif"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. rostrum beak + ferre to
bear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of pectinibranchiate gastropods, having the head
prolonged into a snout which is not retractile.

ROSTRIFORM
Ros"tri*form, a. Etym: [L. rostrum a beak + -form: cf. F.
rostrifarme.]

Defn: Having the form of a beak.

ROSTRULUM
Ros"tru*lum, n.; pl. Rostrula. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. rostrum a
beak.]

Defn: A little rostrum, or beak, as of an insect.

ROSTRUM
Ros"trum, n.; pl. L. Rostra, E. Rostrums. Etym: [L., beak, ship's
beak, fr. rodere, rosum, to gnaw. See Rodent.]

1. The beak or head of a ship.

2. pl. (Rostra) (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The Beaks; the stage or platform in the forum where orations,
pleadings, funeral harangues, etc., were delivered; -- so called
because after the Latin war, it was adorned with the beaks of
captured vessels; later, applied also to other platforms erected in
Rome for the use of public orators.

3. Hence, a stage for public speaking; the pulpit or platform
occupied by an orator or public speaker.
Myself will mount the rostrum in his favor. Addison.

4. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any beaklike prolongation, esp. of the head of an animal, as the
beak of birds.
(b) The beak, or sucking mouth parts, of Hemiptera.
(c) The snout of a gastropod mollusk. See Illust. of Littorina.
(d) The anterior, often spinelike, prolongation of the carapace of a
crustacean, as in the lobster and the prawn.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Rostellum.

6. (Old Chem.)

Defn: The pipe to convey the distilling liquor into its receiver in
the common alembic. Quincy.

7. (Surg.)

Defn: A pair of forceps of various kinds, having a beaklike form.
[Obs.] Coxe.

ROSULATE
Ro"su*late, a. Etym: [NL. rosulatus, fr. L. rosa a rose.] (Bot.)

Defn: Arranged in little roselike clusters; -- said of leaves and
bracts.

ROSY
Ros"y, a. [Compar. Rosier; superl. Rosiest.]

Defn: Resembling a rose in color, form, or qualities; blooming; red;
blushing; also, adorned with roses.
A smile that glowed Celestial rosy-red, love's proper hue. Milton.
While blooming youth and gay delight Sit thy rosy cheeks confessed.
Prior.

Note: Rosy is sometimes used in the formation of selfrosy-bosomed,
rosy-colored, rosy-crowned, rosy-fingered, rosy-tinted. Rosy cross.
See the Note under Rosicrucian, n.

ROT
Rot, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rotting.] Etym: [OE.
rotien, AS. rotian; akin to D. rotten, Prov. G. rotten, OHG. rozz, G.
rösten to steep flax, Icel. rotna to rot, Sw. ruttna, Dan. raadne,
Icel. rottin rotten. sq. root117. Cf. Ret, Rotten.]

1. To undergo a process common to organic substances by which they
lose the cohesion of their parts and pass through certain chemical
changes, giving off usually in some stages of the process more or
less offensive odors; to become decomposed by a natural process; to
putrefy; to decay.
Fixed like a plant on his peculiar spot, To draw nutrition,
propagate, and rot. Pope.

2. Figuratively: To perish slowly; to decay; to die; to become
corrupt.
Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons. Macaulay.
Rot, poor bachelor, in your club. Thackeray.

Syn.
 -- To putrefy; corrupt; decay; spoil.

ROT
Rot, v. t.

1. To make putrid; to cause to be wholly or partially decomposed by
natural processes; as, to rot vegetable fiber.

2. To expose, as flax, to a process of maceration, etc., for the
purpose of separating the fiber; to ret.

ROT
Rot, n.

1. Process of rotting; decay; putrefaction.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A disease or decay in fruits, leaves, or wood, supposed to be
caused by minute fungi. See Bitter rot, Black rot, etc., below.

3. Etym: [Cf. G. rotz glanders.]

Defn: A fatal distemper which attacks sheep and sometimes other
animals. It is due to the presence of a parasitic worm in the liver
or gall bladder. See 1st Fluke, 2.
His cattle must of rot and murrain die. Milton.
Bitter rot (Bot.), a disease of apples, caused by the fungus
Glæosporium fructigenum. F. L. Scribner.
 -- Black rot (Bot.), a disease of grapevines, attacking the leaves
and fruit, caused by the fungus Læstadia Bidwellii. F. L. Scribner.
 -- Dry rot (Bot.) See under Dry.
 -- Grinder's rot (Med.) See under Grinder.
 -- Potato rot. (Bot.) See under Potato.
 -- White rot (Bot.), a disease of grapes, first appearing in whitish
pustules on the fruit, caused by the fungus Coniothyrium diplodiella.
F. L. Scribner.

ROTA
Ro"ta, n. Etym: [L. rota wheel. The name is said to allude to the
design of the floor of the room in which the court used to sit, which
was that of a wheel. See Rotary.]

1. An ecclesiastical court of Rome, called also Rota Romana, that
takes cognizance of suits by appeal. It consists of twelve members.

2. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: A short-lived political club established in 1659 by
J.Harrington to inculcate the democratic doctrine of election of the
principal officers of the state by ballot, and the annual retirement
of a portion of Parliament.

ROTA
Ro"ta, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A species of zither, played like a guitar, used in the Middle
Ages in church music; -- written also rotta.

ROTACISM
Ro"ta*cism, n.

Defn: See Rhotacism.

ROTAL
Ro"tal, a.

Defn: Relating to wheels or to rotary motion; rotary. [R.]

ROTALITE
Ro"ta*lite, n. Etym: [L. rota wheel + -lite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Any fossil foraminifer of the genus Rotalia, abundant in the
chalk formation. See Illust. under Rhizopod.

ROTARY
Ro"ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. rota a wheel. See Roll, v., and cf. barouche,
Rodomontade, Roué, Round, a., Rowel.]

Defn: Turning, as a wheel on its axis; pertaining to, or resembling,
the motion of a wheel on its axis; rotatory; as, rotary motion.
Rotary engine, steam engine in which the continuous rotation of the
shaft is produced by the direct action of the steam upon rotating
devices which serve as pistons, instead of being derived from a
reciprocating motion, as in the ordinary engine; a steam turbine; --
called also rotatory engine.
 -- Rotary pump, a pump in which the fluid is impelled by rotating
devices which take the place of reciprocating buckets or pistons.
 -- Rotary shears, shears, as for cloth, metal, etc., in which
revolving sharp-edged or sharp-cornered wheels do the cutting.
 -- Rotary valve, a valve acting by continuous or partial rotation,
as in the four-way cock.

ROTASCOPE
Ro"ta*scope, n. Etym: [L. rota a wheel + -scope.]

Defn: Same as Gyroscope, 1.

ROTATE
Ro"tate, a. Etym: [L. rotatus, p.p. of rotare to turn round like a
wheel, fr. rota wheel. See Rotary, and cf. Roue.]

Defn: Having the parts spreading out like a wheel; wheel-shaped; as,
a rotate spicule or scale; a rotate corolla, i.e., a monopetalous
corolla with a flattish border, and no tube or a very short one.

ROTATE
Ro"tate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rotated; p. pr. & vb. n. Rotating.]

1. To turn, as a wheel, round an axis; to revolve.

2. To perform any act, function, or operation in turn, to hold office
in turn; as, to rotate in office.

ROTATE
Ro"tate, v. i.

1. To cause to turn round or revolve, as a wheel around an axle.

2. To cause to succeed in turn; esp., to cause to succeed some one,
or to be succeeded by some one, in office. [Colloq.] "Both, after a
brief service, were rotated out of office." Harper's Mag.

ROTATED
Ro"ta*ted, a.

Defn: Turned round, as a wheel; also, wheel-shaped; rotate.

ROTATION
Ro*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. rotatio: cf. F. rotation.]

1. The act of turning, as a wheel or a solid body on its axis, as
distinguished from the progressive motion of a revolving round
another body or a distant point; thus, the daily turning of the earth
on its axis is a rotation; its annual motion round the sun is a
revolution.

2. Any return or succesion in a series. Moment of rotation. See
Moment of inertia, under Moment.
 -- Rotation in office, the practice of changing public officers at
frequent intervals by discharges and substitutions.
 -- Rotation of crops, the practices of cultivating an orderly
succession of different crops on the same land.

ROTATION
Ro*ta"tion, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resulting from, rotation; of the nature of,
or characterized by, rotation; as, rotational velocity.

ROTATIVE
Ro"ta*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rotatif.]

Defn: turning, as a wheel; rotary; rotational.
This high rotative velocity of the sun must cause an equatorial rise
of the solar atmosphere. Siemens.
Rotative engine, a steam engine in which the reciprocating motion of
the piston is transformed into a continuous rotary motion, as by
means of a connecting rod, a working beam and crank, or an
oscillating cylinder.

ROTATOR
Ro*ta"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: that which gives a rotary or rolling motion, as a muscle which
partially rotates or turns some part on its axis.

2. (Metal.)

Defn: A revolving reverberatory furnace.

ROTATORIA
Ro`ta*to"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Rotifera.

ROTATORY
Ro"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rotatoire. See Rotate, Rotary.]

1. Turning as on an axis; rotary.

2. Going in a circle; following in rotation or succession; as,
rotatory assembles. Burke.

3. (Opt.)

Defn: Producing rotation of the plane of polarization; as, the
rotatory power of bodies on light. See the Note under polarization.
Nichol.

ROTATORY
Ro"ta*to*ry, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rotifer. [R.] Kirby.

ROTCHE
Rotche, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very small arctic sea bird (Mergulus alle, or Alle alle)
common on both coasts of the Atlantic in winter; -- called also
little auk, dovekie, rotch, rotchie, and sea dove.

ROTCHET
Rotch"et, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European red gurnard (Trigla pini).

ROTE
Rote, n.

Defn: A root. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ROTE
Rote, n. Etym: [OE. rote, probably of German origin; cf. MHG. rotte,
OHG. rota, hrota, LL. chrotta. Cf. Crowd a kind of violin.] (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of guitar, the notes of which were produced by a small
wheel or wheel-like arrangement; an instrument similar to the hurdy-
gurdy.
Well could he sing and play on a rote. Chaucer.
extracting mistuned dirges from their harps, crowds, and rotes. Sir
W. Scott.

ROTE
Rote, n. Etym: [Cf. Rut roaring.]

Defn: The noise produced by the surf of the sea dashing upon the
shore. See Rut.

ROTE
Rote, n. Etym: [OF. rote, F. route, road, path. See Route, and cf.
Rut a furrow, Routine.]

Defn: A frequent repetition of forms of speech without attention to
the meaning; mere repetition; as, to learn rules by rote. Swift.
till he the first verse could [i. e., knew] all by rote. Chaucer.
Thy love did read by rote, and could not spell. Shak.

ROTE
Rote, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roted; p. pr. & vb. n. Roting.]

Defn: To learn or repeat by rote. [Obs.] Shak.

ROTE
Rote, v. i.

Defn: To go out by rotation or succession; to rotate. [Obs.] Z. Grey.

ROTELLA
Ro*tel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of rota wheel; cf. LL. rotella a
little whell.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small, polished, brightcolored
gastropods of the genus Rotella, native of tropical seas.

ROTGUT
Rot"gut, n.

1. Bad small beer. [Slang]

2. Any bad spirituous liquor, especially when adulterated so as to be
very deleterious. [Slang]

ROTHER
Roth"er, a. Etym: [AS. hryedher; cf. D. rund.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Bovine.
 -- n.

Defn: A bovine beast. [Obs.] Shak. Rother beasts, cattle of the
bovine genus; black cattle. [Obs.] Golding.
 -- Rother soil, the dung of rother beasts.

ROTHER
Roth"er, n. Etym: [OE. See Rudder.]

Defn: A rudder. Rother nail, a nail with a very full head, used for
fastening the rudder irons of ships; -- so called by shipwrights.

ROTIFER
Ro"ti*fer, n. Etym: [NL. see Rotifera.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Rotifera. See Illust. in Appendix.

ROTIFERA
Ro*tif"e*ra, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., from L. rota ferre to bear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of minute worms which usually have one or two groups
of vibrating cilia on the head, which, when in motion, often give an
appearance of rapidly revolving wheels. The species are very numerous
in fresh waters, and are very diversified in form and habits.

ROTIFORM
Ro"ti*form, a. Etym: [L. rota wheel + -form.]

1. Wheel-shaped; as, rotiform appendages.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Rotate.

ROTOGRAPH
Ro"to*graph, n. (Photography)

Defn: A photograph printed by a process in which a strip or roll of
sensitized paper is automatically fed over the negative so that a
series of prints are made, and are then developed, fixed, cut apart,
and washed at a very rapid rate.

ROTOR
Ro"tor, n. (Elec.)

Defn: The rotating part of a generator or motor.

ROTTA
Rot"ta, n. (Mus.)

Defn: See Rota.

ROTTEN
Rot"ten, a. Etym: [Icel. rotinn; akin to Sw. rutten, Dan. radden. See
Rot.]

Defn: Having rotted; putrid; decayed; as, a rotten apple; rotten
meat. Hence:
(a) Offensive to the smell; fetid; disgusting.
You common cry or curs! whose breath I hate As reek of the rotten
fens. Shak.

(b) Not firm or trusty; unsound; defective; treacherous; unsafe; as,
a rotten plank, bone, stone. "The deepness of the rotten way."
Knolles. Rotten borough. See under Borough.
 -- Rotten stone (Min.), a soft stone, called also Tripoli (from the
country from which it was formerly brought), used in all sorts of
finer grinding and polishing in the arts, and for cleaning metallic
substances. The name is also given to other friable siliceous stones
applied to like uses.

Syn.
 -- Putrefied; decayed; carious; defective; unsound; corrupt;
deceitful; treacherous.
 -- Rot"ten*ly, adv.
 -- Rot"ten*ness, n.

ROTULA
Rot"u*la, n. Etym: [L., a little wheel; cf. It. rotula.] (Anat.)

Defn: The patella, or kneepan.

ROTULAR
Rot"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. rotula, dim. of rota wheel.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the rotula, or kneepan.

ROTUND
Ro*tund", a. Etym: [L. rotundus. See Round, and cf. Rotunda.]

1. Round; circular; spherical.

2. Hence; complete; entire.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: orbicular, or nearly so. Gray.

ROTUND
Ro*tund", n.

Defn: A rotunds. [Obs.] Burke.

ROTUNDA
Ro*tun"da, n. Etym: [Cf. It. rotonda, F. rotonde; both fr. L.
rotundus round. See Rotund, a.] (Arch.)

Defn: A round building; especially, one that is round both on the
outside and inside, like the Pantheon at Rome. Less properly, but
very commonly, used for a large round room; as, the rotunda of the
Capitol at Washington.

ROTUNDATE
Ro*tund"ate, a.

Defn: Rounded; especially, rounded at the end or ends, or at the
corners.

ROTUNDIFOLIOUS
Ro*tund`i*fo"li*ous, a. Etym: [L. rotundus round + folium a leaf.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having round leaves.

ROTUNDITY
Ro*tund"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. rotunditas: cf. F. rotondité.]

1. The state or quality of being rotu
Smite flat the thick rotundity o'the world! Shak.

2. Hence, completeness; entirety; roundness.
For the more rotundity of the number and grace of the matter, it
passeth for a full thousand. Fuller.
A boldness and rotundity of speech. Hawthorne.

ROTUNDNESS
Ro*tund"ness, n.

Defn: Roundness; rotundity.

ROTUNDO
Ro*tun"do, n.

Defn: See Rotunda.

ROTURE
Ro`ture, n. [F.]

1. The condition of being a roturier.

2.  (Fr. & Canadian Law) A feudal tenure of lands by one who has no
privileges of nobility, but is permitted to discharge all his
obligations to his feudal lord or superior by a payment of rent in
money or kind and without rendering any personal services.

ROTURER
Ro*tur"er, n.

Defn: A roturier. [Obs.] Howell.

ROTURIER
Ro`tu`rier", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A person who is not of noble birth; specif., a freeman who
during the prevalence of feudalism held allodial land.

ROTY
Rot"y, v. t. Etym: [See Rot.]

Defn: To make rotten. [Obs.]
Well bet is rotten apple out of hoard, Than that it roty all the
remenant. Chaucer.

ROUBLE
Rou"ble, n.

Defn: A coin. See Ruble.

ROUCHE
Rouche, n.

Defn: See Ruche.

ROUE
Rou`é", n. Etym: [F., properly p.p. of rouer to break upon the wheel,
fr. roue a wheel, L. rota. See Rotate, Rotary.]

Defn: One devoted to a life of sensual pleasure; a debauchee; a rake.

ROUET
Rou`et", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A small wheel formerly fixed to the pan of firelocks for
discharging them. Crabb.

ROUGE
Rouge, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. rubeus red, akin to rubere to be red,
ruber red. See Red.]

Defn: red. [R.] Rouge et noir ( Etym: [F., red and black], a game at
cards in which persons play against the owner of the bank; -- so
called because the table around which the players sit has certain
compartments colored red and black, upon which the stakes are
deposited. Hoyle.

ROUGE
Rouge, n. Etym: [F.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A red amorphous powder consisting of ferric oxide. It is used
in polishing glass, metal, or gems, and as a cosmetic, etc. Called
also crocus, jeweler's rouge, etc.

2. A cosmetic used for giving a red color to the cheeks or lips. The
best is prepared from the dried flowers of the safflower, but it is
often made from carmine. Ure.

ROUGE
Rouge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rouged; p. pr. & vb. n. Rouging .]

Defn: To paint the face or cheeks with rouge.

ROUGE
Rouge, v. t.

Defn: To tint with rouge; as, to rouge the face or the cheeks.

ROUGECROIX
Rouge`croix" ( or ), n. Etym: [F., literally, red cross.] (Her.)

Defn: One of the four pursuivants of the English college of arms.

ROUGE DRAGON
Rouge" drag`on, n. Etym: [F., literally, red dragon.] (Her.)

Defn: One of the four pursuivants of the English college of arms.

ROUGH
Rough, a. [Compar. Rougher; superl. Roughest.] Etym: [OE. rou, rou,
row, rugh, ruh, AS. r; akin to LG. rug, D. rug, D. ruig, ruw, OHG. r,
G. rauh, rauch; cf. Lith. raukas wrinkle, rukti to wrinkle. sq. root
18. Cf. Rug, n.]

1. Having inequalities, small ridges, or points, on the surface; not
smooth or plain; as, a rough board; a rough stone; rough cloth.
Specifically:
(a) Not level; having a broken surface; uneven; -- said of a piece of
land, or of a road. "Rough, uneven ways." Shak.
(b) Not polished; uncut; -- said of a gem; as, a rough diamond.
(c) Tossed in waves; boisterous; high; -- said of a sea or other
piece of water.
More unequal than the roughest sea. T. Burnet.

(d) Marked by coarseness; shaggy; ragged; disordered; -- said of
dress, appearance, or the like; as, a rough coat. "A visage rough."
Dryden. "Roughsatyrs." Milton.

2. Hence, figuratively, lacking refinement, gentleness, or polish.
Specifically:
(a) Not courteous or kind; harsh; rude; uncivil; as, a rough temper.
A fiend, a fury, pitiless and rough. Shak.
A surly boatman, rough as wayes or winds. Prior.

(b) Marked by severity or violence; harsh; hard; as, rough measures
or actions.
On the rough edge of battle. Milton.
A quicker and rougher remedy. Clarendon.
Kind words prevent a good deal of that perverseness which rough and
imperious usage often produces. Locke.

(c) Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of
sound, voice, and the like; as, a rough tone; rough numbers. Pope.
(d) Austere; harsh to the taste; as, rough wine.
(e) Tempestuous; boisterous; stormy; as, rough weather; a rough day.
He stayeth his rough wind. Isa. xxvii. 8.
Time and the hour runs through the roughest day. Shak.

(f) Hastily or carelessly done; wanting finish; incomplete; as, a
rough estimate; a rough draught. Rough diamond, an uncut diamond;
hence, colloquially, a person of intrinsic worth under a rude
exterior.
 -- Rough and ready. (a) Acting with offhand promptness and
efficiency. "The rough and ready understanding." Lowell.
(b) Produced offhand. "Some rough and ready theory." Tylor.

ROUGH
Rough, n.

1. Boisterous weather. [Obs.] Fletcher.

2. A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy. In the rough, in an
unwrought or rude condition; unpolished; as, a diamond or a sketch in
the rough.
Contemplating the people in the rough. Mrs. Browning.

ROUGH
Rough, adv.

Defn: In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.
Sleeping rough on the trenches, and dying stubbornly in their boats.
Sir W. Scott.

ROUGH
Rough, v. t.

1. To render rough; to roughen.

2. To break in, as a horse, especially for military purposes. Crabb.

3. To cut or make in a hasty, rough manner; -- with out; as, to rough
out a carving, a sketch. Roughing rolls, rolls for reducing, in a
rough manner, a bloom of iron to bars.
 -- To rough it, to endure hard conditions of living; to live without
ordinary comforts.

ROUGHCAST
Rough`cast", v. t.

1. To form in its first rudiments, without revision, correction, or
polish. Dryden.

2. To mold without nicety or elegance; to form with asperities and
inequalities.

3. To plaster with a mixture of lime and shells or pebbles; as, to
roughcast a building.

ROUGHCAST
Rough"cast`, n.

1. A rude model; the rudimentary, unfinished form of a thing.

2. A kind of plastering made of lime, with a mixture of shells or
pebbles, used for covering buildings. Shak.

ROUGHCASTER
Rough"cast`er, n.

Defn: One who roughcasts.

ROUGHDRAW
Rough"draw`, v. t.

Defn: To draw or delineate rapidly and by way of a first sketch.

ROUGHDRY
Rough"dry`, v. t.

Defn: in laundry work, to dry without smoothing or ironing.

ROUGHEN
Rough"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roughened; p. pr. & vb. n. Roughening.]
Etym: [From Rough.]

Defn: To make rough.

ROUGHEN
Rough"en, v. i.

Defn: To grow or become rough.

ROUGH-FOOTED
Rough"-foot`ed, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feather-footed; as, a rough-footed dove. [R.] Sherwood.

ROUGH-GRAINED
Rough"-grained, a.

Defn: Having a rough grain or fiber; hence, figuratively, having
coarse traits of character; not polished; brisque.

ROUGHHEAD
Rough"head`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The redfin.

ROUGHHEW
Rough"hew`, v. t.

1. To hew coarsely, without smoothing; as, to roughhew timber.

2. To give the first form or shape to; to form rudely; to shape
appromaxitely and rudely; to roughcast.
There's a divinity that shapes our ends, Roughhew them how we will.
Shak.

ROUGHHEWER
Rough"hew`er, n.

Defn: One who roughhews.

ROUGHHEWN
Rough"hewn`, a.

1. Hewn coarsely without smoothing; unfinished; not polished.

2. Of coarse manners; rude; uncultivated; rough-grained. "A roughhewn
seaman." Bacon.

ROUGHING-IN
Rough"ing-in`, n.

Defn: The first coat of plaster laid on brick; also, the process of
applying it.

ROUGHINGS
Rough"ings, n. pl.

Defn: Rowen. [Prov. Eng.]

ROUGHISH
Rough"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat rough.

ROUGHLEG
Rough"leg`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large hawks of the genus
Archibuteo, having the legs feathered to the toes. Called also rough-
legged hawk, and rough-legged buzzard.

Note: The best known species is Archibuteo lagopus of Northern
Europe, with its darker American variety (Sancti-johannis). The
latter is often nearly or quite black. The ferruginous roughleg
(Archibuteo ferrugineus) inhabits Western North America.

ROUGH-LEGGED
Rough"-legged`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the legs covered with feathers; -- said of a bird.
rough-legged hawk. (Zoöl.) See Roughleg.

ROUGHLY
Rough"ly, adv.

Defn: In a rough manner; unevenly; harshly; rudely; severely;
austerely.

ROUGHNESS
Rough"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being rough.

ROUGHRIDER
Rough"rid`er, n.

Defn: One who breaks horses; especially (Mil.), a noncommissioned
officer in the British cavalry, whose duty is to assist the riding
master.

ROUGHSCUFF
Rough"scuff, n. Etym: [Rough + scuff.]

Defn: A rough, coarse fellow; collectively, the lowest class of the
people; the rabble; the riffraff. [Colloq. U.S.]

ROUGHSETTER
Rough"set`ter, n.

Defn: A mason who builds rough stonework.

ROUGHSHOD
Rough"shod, a.

Defn: Shod with shoes armed with points or calks; as, a roughshod
horse. To ride roughshod, to pursue a course regardless of the pain
or distress it may cause others.

ROUGHSTRINGS
Rough"strings`, n. pl. (Capr.)

Defn: Pieces of undressed timber put under the steps of a wooden
stair for their support.

ROUGHT
Rought, obs.

Defn: imp. of Reach.

ROUGHT
Rought, obs.

Defn: imp. of Reck, to care. Chaucer.

ROUGHTAIL
Rough"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of small ground snakes of the family Uropeltidæ; --
so called from their rough tails.

ROUGHWORK
Rough"work`, v. t.

Defn: To work over coarsely, without regard to nicety, smoothness, or
finish. Moxon.

ROUGHWROUGHT
Rough"wrought`, a.

Defn: Wrought in a rough, unfinished way; worked over coarsely.

ROUK
Rouk, v. i.

Defn: See 5th Ruck, and Roke. [Obs.]

ROULADE
Rou`lade", n. Etym: [F.] (Mus.)

Defn: A smoothly running passage of short notes (as semiquavers, or
sixteenths) uniformly grouped, sung upon one long syllable, as in
Handel's oratorios.

ROULEAU
Rou`leau", n.; pl. F. Rouleaux (F. , E. Rouleaus. Etym: [F., a roll,
dim. fr. fr. rôle, formerly also spelt roulle. See Roll.]

Defn: A little roll; a roll of coins put up in paper, or something
resembling such a roll.

ROULETTE
Rou*lette", n. Etym: [F., properly, a little wheel or ball. See
Rouleau, Roll.]

1. A game of chance, in which a small ball is made to move round
rapidly on a circle divided off into numbered red and black spaces,
the one on which it stops indicating the result of a variety of
wagers permitted by the game.

2. (Fine Arts)
(a) A small toothed wheel used by engravers to roll over a plate in
order to order to produce rows of dots.
(b) A similar wheel used to roughen the surface of a plate, as in
making alterations in a mezzotint.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: the curve traced by any point in the plane of a given curve
when the latter rolls, without sliding, over another fixed curve. See
Cycloid, and Epycycloid.

ROULY-POULY
Rou"ly-pou`ly, n.

Defn: See Rolly-pooly.

ROUMANIAN
Rou*ma"ni*an, a. [Written also Rumanian.] [From Roumania, the name of
the country, Roumanian România, fr. Român Roumanian, L. Romanus
Roman.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Roumania.

ROUMANIAN
Rou*ma"ni*an, n.

Defn: An inhabitant of Roumania; also, the language of Roumania, one
of the Romance or Romanic languages descended from Latin, but
containing many words from other languages, as Slavic, Turkish, and
Greek.

ROUN; ROWN
Roun, Rown, v. i. & t. Etym: [AS. r, fr. r a rune, secret, mystery;
akin to G. raunen to whisper. See Rune.]

Defn: To whisper. [obs.] Gower.
Another rouned to his fellow low. Chaucer.

ROUNCE
Rounce, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ronce bramble, brier, thorn, ranche a round,
step, rack, or E. round.] (Print.)

Defn: The handle by which the bed of a hand press, holding the form
of type, etc., is run in under the platen and out again; -- sometimes
applied to the whole apparatus by which the form is moved under the
platen.

ROUNCEVAL
Roun"ce*val, a. Etym: [F. Ronceval, Roncevaux, a town at the foot of
the foot of the Pyrenees, Sp. Roncesvalles.]

Defn: Large; strong; -- from the gigantic bones shown at
Roncesvalles, and alleged to be those of old heroes. [Obs.]

ROUNCEVAL
Roun"ce*val, n.

Defn: A giant; anything large; a kind of pea called also marrowfat.
[Obs.]

ROUNCY
Roun"cy, n.

Defn: A common hackney horse; a nag. [Obs.]
he rode upon a rouncy as he could. Chaucer.

ROUND
Round, v. i. & t. Etym: [From Roun.]

Defn: To whisper. [obs.] Shak. Holland.
The Bishop of Glasgow rounding in his ear, "Ye are not a wise man," .
. . he rounded likewise to the bishop, and said, "Wherefore brought
ye me here" Calderwood.

ROUND
Round, a. Etym: [OF. roond, roont, reond, F. rond, fr. L. rotundus,
fr. rota wheel. See Rotary, and cf. Rotund, roundel, Rundlet.]

1. Having every portion of the surface or of the circumference
equally distant from the center; spherical; circular; having a form
approaching a spherical or a circular shape; orbicular; globular; as,
a round ball. "The big, round tears." Shak.
Upon the firm opacous globe Of this round world. Milton.

2. Having the form of a cylinder; cylindrical; as, the barrel of a
musket is round.

3. Having a curved outline or form; especially, one like the arc of a
circle or an ellipse, or a portion of the surface of a sphere;
rotund; bulging; protuberant; not angular or pointed; as, a round
arch; round hills. "Their round haunches gored." Shak.

4. Full; complete; not broken; not fractional; approximately in even
units, tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.; -- said of numbers.
Pliny put a round number near the truth, rather than the fraction.
Arbuthnot.

5. Not inconsiderable; large; hence, generous; free; as, a round
price.
Three thousand ducats; 'tis a good round sum. Shak.
Round was their pace at first, but slackened soon. Tennyson.

6. Uttered or emitted with a full tone; as, a round voice; a round
note.

7. (Phonetics)

Defn: Modified, as a vowel, by contraction of the lip opening, making
the opening more or less round in shape; rounded; labialized; labial.
See Guide to Pronunciation, § 11.

8. Outspoken; plain and direct; unreserved; unqualified; not mincing;
as, a round answer; a round oath. "The round assertion." M. Arnold.
Sir Toby, I must be round with you. Shak.

9. Full and smoothly expanded; not defective or abrupt; finished;
polished; -- said of style, or of authors with reference to their
style. [Obs.]
In his satires Horace is quick, round, and pleasant. Peacham.

10. Complete and consistent; fair; just; -- applied to conduct.
Round dealing is the honor of man's nature. Bacon.
At a round rate, rapidly. Dryden.
 -- In round numbers, approximately in even units, tens, hundreds,
etc.; as, a bin holding 99 or 101 bushels may be said to hold in
round numbers 100 bushels.
 -- Round bodies (Geom.), the sphere right cone, and right cylinder.
 -- Round clam (Zoöl.), the quahog.
 -- Round dance one which is danced by couples with a whirling or
revolving motion, as the waltz, polka, etc.
 -- Round game, a game, as of cards, in which each plays on his own
account.
 -- Round hand, a style of penmanship in which the letters are formed
in nearly an upright position, and each separately distinct; --
distinguished from running hand.
 -- Round robin. Etym: [Perhaps F. round round + ruban ribbon.] (a) A
written petition, memorial, remonstrance, protest, etc., the
signatures to which are made in a circle so as not to indicate who
signed first. "No round robins signed by the whole main deck of the
Academy or the Porch." De Quincey. (b) (Zoöl.) The cigar fish.
 -- Round shot, a solid spherical projectile for ordnance.
 -- Round Table, the table about which sat King Arthur and his
knights. See Knights of the Round Table, under Knight.
 -- Round tower, one of certain lofty circular stone towers, tapering
from the base upward, and usually having a conical cap or roof, which
crowns the summit, -- found chiefly in Ireland. They are of great
antiquity, and vary in heigh from thirty-five to one hundred and
thiry feet.
 -- Round trot, one in which the horse throws out his feet roundly; a
full, brisk, quick trot. Addison.
 -- Round turn (Naut.), one turn of a rope round a timber, a belaying
pin, etc.
 -- To bring up with a round turn, to stop abruptly. [Colloq.]

Syn.
 -- Circular; spherical; globular; globase; orbicular; orbed;
cylindrical; full; plump; rotund.

ROUND
Round, n.

1. Anything round, as a circle, round" [the crown]. Shak.
In labyrinth of many a round self-rolled. Milton.

2. A series of changes or events ending where it began; a series of
like events recurring in continuance; a cycle; a periodical
revolution; as, the round of the seasons; a round of pleasures.

3. A course of action or conduct performed by a number of persons in
turn, or one after another, as if seated in a circle.
Women to cards may be compared: we play A round or two; which used,
we throw away. Granville.
The feast was served; the bowl was crowned; To the king's pleasure
went the mirthful round. Prior.

4. A series of duties or tasks which must be performed in turn, and
then repeated.
the trivial round, the common task. Keble.

5. A circular dance.
Come, knit hands, and beat the ground, In a light fantastic round.
Milton.

6. That which goes round a whole circle or company; as, a round of
applause.

7. Rotation, as in office; succession. Holyday.

8. The step of a ladder; a rundle or rung; also, a crosspiece which
joins and braces the legs of a chair.
All the rounds like Jacob's ladder rise. Dryden.

9. A course ending where it began; a circuit; a beat; especially, one
freguently or regulary traversed; also, the act of traversing a
circuit; as, a watchman's round; the rounds of the postman.

10. (Mil.)
(a) A walk performed by a guard or an officer round the rampart of a
garrison, or among sentinels, to see that the sentinels are faithful
and all things safe; also, the guard or officer, with his attendants,
who performs this duty; -- usually in the plural.
(b) A general discharge of firearms by a body of troops in which each
soldier fires once.
(c) Ammunition for discharging a piece or pieces once; as, twenty
rounds of ammunition were given out.

11. (Mus.)

Defn: A short vocal piece, resembling a catch in which three or four
voices follow each other round in a species of canon in the unison.

12. The time during which prize fighters or boxers are in actual
contest without an intermission, as prescribed by their rules; a
bout.

13. A brewer's vessel in which the fermentation is concluded, the
yeast escaping through the bunghole.

14. A vessel filled, as for drinking. [R.]

15. An assembly; a group; a circle; as, a round of politicians.
Addison.

16. (Naut.)

Defn: See Roundtop.

17. Same as Round of beef, below. Gentlemen of the round. (a)
Gentlemen soldiers of low rank who made the rounds. See 10 (a),
above. (b) Disbanded soldiers who lived by begging. [Obs.]
Worm-eaten gentlemen of the round, such as have vowed to sit on the
skirts of the city, let your provost and his half dozen of
halberdiers do what they can. B. Jonson.
-- Round of beef, the part of the thigh below the aitchbone, or
between the rump and the leg. See Illust. of beef.
 -- Round steak, a beefsteak cut from the round.
 -- Sculpture in the round, sculpture giving the full form, as of
man; statuary, distinguished from relief.

ROUND
Round, adv.

1. On all sides; around.
Round he throws his baleful eyes. Milton.

2. Circularly; in a circular form or manner; by revolving or
reversing one's position; as, to turn one's head round; a wheel turns
round.

3. In circumference; as, a ball is ten inches round.

4. From one side or party to another; as to come or turn round, --
that is, to change sides or opinions.

5. By or in a circuit; by a course longer than the direct course;
back to the starting point.

6. Through a circle, as of friends or houses.
The invitations were sent round accordingly. Sir W. Scott.

7. Roundly; fully; vigorously. [Obs.] Chaucer. All round, over the
whole place; in every direction.
 -- All-round, of general capacity; as, an all-round man. [Colloq.] -
- To bring one round. (a) To cause one to change his opinions or line
of conduct. (b) To restore one to health. [Colloq.]

ROUND
Round, prep.

Defn: On every side of, so as to encompass or encircle; around;
about; as, the people atood round him; to go round the city; to wind
a cable round a windlass.
The serpent Error twines round human hearts. Cowper.
Round about, an emphatic form for round or about. "Moses . . . set
them [The elders] round about the tabernacle." Num. xi. 24.
 -- To come round, to gain the consent of, or circumvent, (a person)
by flattery or deception. [Colloq.]

ROUND
Round, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Rounding.]

1. To make circular, spherical, or cylindrical; to give a round or
convex figure to; as, to round a silver coin; to round the edges of
anything.
Worms with many feet, which round themselves into balls, are bred
chiefly under logs of timber. Bacon.
The figures on our modern medals are raised and rounded to a very
great perfection. Addison.

2. To surround; to encircle; to encompass.
The inclusive verge Of golden metal that must round my brow. Shak.

3. To bring to fullness or completeness; to complete; hence, to bring
to a fit conclusion.
We are such stuff As dreams are made on, and our little life Is
rounded with a sleep. Shak.

4. To go round wholly or in part; to go about (a corner or point);
as, to round a corner; to round Cape Horn.

5. To make full, smooth, and flowing; as, to round periods in
writing. Swift. To round in (Naut.) To haul up; usually, to haul the
slack of (a rope) through its leading block, or to haul up (a tackle
which hangs loose) by its fall. Totten. (b) To collect together
(cattle) by riding around them, as on cattle ranches. [Western U.S.]

ROUND
Round, v. i.

1. To grow round or full; hence, to attain to fullness, completeness,
or perfection.
The queen your mother rounds apace. Shak.
So rounds he to a separate mind, From whence clear memory may begin.
Tennyson.

2. To go round, as a guard. [Poetic]
They . . . nightly rounding walk. Milton.

3. To go or turn round; to wheel about. Tennyson. To round to
(Naut.), to turn the head of a ship toward the wind.

ROUNDABOUT
Round"a*bout`, a.

1. Circuitous; going round; indirect; as, roundabout speech.
We have taken a terrible roundabout road. Burke.

2. Encircling; enveloping; comprehensive. "Large, sound, roundabout
sense." Locke.

ROUNDABOUT
Round"a*bout`, n.

1. A horizontal wheel or frame, commonly with wooden horses, etc., on
which children ride; a merry-go-round. Smart.

2. A dance performed in a circle. Goldsmith.

3. A short, close jacket worn by boys, sailors, etc.

4. A state or scene of constant change, or of recurring labor and
vicissitude. Cowper.

ROUNDABOUTNESS
Round"a*bout`ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being roundabout; circuitousness.

ROUND-ARM
Round"-arm`, a. (Cricket)

Defn: Applied to the method delivering the ball in bowling, by
swinging the arm horizontally. R. A. Proctor.

ROUND-BACKED
Round"-backed`, a.

Defn: Having a round back or shoulders; round-shouldered.

ROUNDED
Round"ed, a. (Phonetics)

Defn: Modified by contraction of the lip opening; labialized; labial.
See Guide to Pronunciation, § 11.

ROUNDEL
Roun"del, n. Etym: [OF. rondel a roundelay, F. rondel, rondeau, a
dim. fr. rond; for sense 2, cf. F. rondelle a round, a round shield.
See Round, a., and cf. Rondel, Rondelay.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A rondelay. "Sung all the roundel lustily." Chaucer.
Come, now a roundel and a fairy song. Shak.

2. Anything having a round form; a round figure; a circle.
The Spaniards, casting themselves into roundels, . . . made a flying
march to Calais. Bacon.
Specifically:
(a) A small circular shield, sometimes not more than a foot in
diameter, used by soldiers in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.
(b) (Her.) A circular spot; a sharge in the form of a small circle.
(c) (Fort.) A bastion of a circular form.

ROUNDELAY
Round"e*lay, n. Etym: [OF. rondelet, dim. of rondel. See Roundel,
Roundeau, and cf. Roundlet, Rundlet.]

1. (Poetry)

Defn: See Rondeau, and Rondel.

2. (Mus.)
(a) A tune in which a simple strain is often repeated; a simple rural
strain which is short and lively. Spenser. Tennyson.
(b) A dance in a circle.

3. Anything having a round form; a roundel.

ROUNDER
Round"er, n.

1. One who rounds; one who comes about frequently or regularly.

2. A tool for making an edge or surface round.

3. pl.

Defn: An English game somewhat resembling baseball; also, another
English game resembling the game of fives, but played with a
football.
Now we play rounders, and then we played prisoner's base. Bagehot.

ROUNDFISH
Round"fish, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any ordinary market fish, exclusive of flounders, sole, halibut,
and other flatfishes.
(b) A lake whitefish (Coregonus quadrilateralis), less compressed
than the common species. It is very abundant in British America and
Alaska.

ROUNDHEAD
Round"head`, n. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: A nickname for a Puritan. See Roundheads, the, in the
Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction. Toone.

ROUNDHEADED
Round"head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a round head or top.

ROUNDHOUSE
Round"house`, n.

1. A constable's prison; a lockup, watch-house, or station house.
[Obs.]

2. (Naut.)
(a) A cabin or apartament on the after part of the quarter-deck,
having the poop for its roof; -- sometimes called the coach.
(b) A privy near the bow of the vessel.

3. A house for locomotive engines, built circularly around a
turntable.

ROUNDING
Round"ing, a.

Defn: Round or nearly round; becoming round; roundish.

ROUNDING
Round"ing, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: Small rope, or strands of rope, or spun yarn, wound round a
rope to keep it from chafing; -- called also service.

2. (Phonetics)

Defn: Modifying a speech sound by contraction of the lip opening;
labializing; labialization. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 11.

ROUNDISH
Round"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat round; as, a roundish seed; a roundish figure.
 -- Round"ish*ness, n.

ROUNDLET
Round"let, n.

Defn: A little circle. J. Gregory.

ROUNDLY
Round"ly, adv.

1. In a round form or manner.

2. Openly; boldly; peremptorily; plumply.
He affirms everything roundly. Addison.

3. Briskly; with speed. locke.
Two of the outlaws walked roundly forward. Sir W. Scott.

4. Completely; vigorously; in earnest. Shak.

5. Without regard to detail; in gross; comprehensively; generally;
as, to give numbers roundly.
In speaking roundly of this period. H. Morley.

ROUNDNESS
Round"ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being round in shape; as, the roundness of
the globe, of the orb of the sun, of a ball, of a bowl, a column,
etc.

2. Fullness; smoothness of flow; as, the roundness of a period; the
roundness of a note; roundness of tone.

3. Openess; plainess; boldness; positiveness; as, the roundness of an
assertion.

Syn.
 -- Circularity; sphericity; globosity; globularity; globularness;
orbicularness; cylindricity; fullness; plumpness; rotundity.

ROUNDRIDGE
Round"ridge`, v. t. (Agric.)

Defn: To form into round ridges by plowing. B. Edwards.

ROUND-SHOULDERED
Round"-shoul`dered, a.

Defn: Having the shoulders stooping or projecting; round-backed.

ROUNDSMAN
Rounds"man, n.; pl. Roundsmen (.

Defn: A patrolman; also, a policeman who acts as an inspector over
the rounds of the patrolmen.

ROUNDTOP
Round"top`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A top; a platform at a masthead; -- so called because formerly
round in shape.

ROUND-UP
Round"-up`, n.

Defn: The act of collecting or gathering together scattered cattle by
riding around them and driving them in. [Western U.S.]

ROUNDURE
Roun"dure, n. Etym: [Cf. Rondure.]

Defn: Roundness; a round or circle. [Obs.] Shak.

ROUNDWORM
Round"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A nematoid worm.

ROUNDY
Round"y, a.

Defn: Round. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

ROUP
Roup, v. i. & t. Etym: [Cf. AS. hrrufen, Goth. hr. Cf. Roop.]

Defn: To cry or shout; hence, to sell by auction. [Scot.] Jamieson.

ROUP
Roup, n.

1. An outcry; hence, a sale of gods by auction. [Scot.] Jamieson.
To roup, that is, the sale of his crops, was over. J. C. Shairp.

2. A disease in poultry. See Pip.

ROUSANT
Rous"ant, a. (her.)

Defn: Rising; -- applied to a bird in the attitude of rising; also,
sometmes, to a bird in profile with wings addorsed.

ROUSE
Rouse (rouz or rous), v. i. & t. Etym: [Perhaps the same word as
rouse to start up, "buckle to."] (Naut.)

Defn: To pull or haul strongly and all together, as upon a rope,
without the assistance of mechanical appliances.

ROUSE
Rouse (rouz), n. Etym: [Cf. D. roes drunkeness, icel. r, Sw. rus, G.
rauchen, and also E. rouse, v.t., rush, v.i. Cf. Row a disturbance.]

1. A bumper in honor of a toast or health. [Obs.] Shak.

2. A carousal; a festival; a drinking frolic.
Fill the cup, and fill the can, Have a rouse before the morn.
Tennyson.

ROUSE
Rouse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roused (rouzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Rousing.]
Etym: [Probably of Scan. origin; cf. Sw. rusa to rush, Dan. ruse, AS.
hreósan to fall, rush. Cf. Rush, v.]

1. To cause to start from a covert or lurking place; as, to rouse a
deer or other animal of the chase.
Like wild boars late roused out of the brakes. Spenser.
Rouse the fleet hart, and cheer the opening hound. Pope.

2. To wake from sleep or repose; as, to rouse one early or suddenly.

3. To excite to lively thought or action from a state of idleness,
languor, stupidity, or indifference; as, to rouse the faculties,
passions, or emotions.
To rouse up a people, the most phlegmatic of any in Christendom.
Atterbury.

4. To put in motion; to stir up; to agitate.
Blustering winds, which all night long Had roused the sea. Milton.

5. To raise; to make erect. [Obs.] Spenser. Shak.

ROUSE
Rouse, v. i.

1. To get or start up; to rise. [Obs.]
Night's black agents to their preys do rouse. Shak.

2. To awake from sleep or repose.
Morpheus rouses from his bed. Pope.

3. To be exited to thought or action from a state of indolence or
inattention.

ROUSER
Rous"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, rouses.

2. Something very exciting or great. [Colloq.]

3. (Brewing)

Defn: A stirrer in a copper for boiling wort.

ROUSING
Rous"ing, a.

1. Having power to awaken or excite; exciting.
I begin to feel Some rousing motions in me. Milton.

2. Very great; violent; astounding; as, a rousing fire; a rousing
lie. [Colloq.]

ROUSINGLY
Rous"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rousing manner.

ROUSSETTE
Rous*sette", n. Etym: [F.; -- so called in allusion to the color. See
Russet.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fruit bat, especially the large species (Pieropus vulgaris)
inhabiting the islands of the Indian ocean. It measures about a yard
across the expanded wings.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small shark of the genus Scyllium; -- called also dogfish.
See Dogfish.

ROUST
Roust (roust), v. t.

Defn: To rouse; to disturb; as, to roust one out. [Prov. Eng. &
Local, U.S.]

ROUST
Roust, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. röst an estuary.]

Defn: A strong tide or current, especially in a narrow channel.
[Written also rost, and roost.] Jamieson.

ROUSTABOUT
Roust"a*bout`, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A laborer, especially a deck hand, on a river steamboat, who
moves the cargo, loads and unloads wood, and the like; in an
opprobrious sense, a shiftless vagrant who lives by chance jobs.
[Western U.S.]

ROUT
Rout (rout), v. i. Etym: [AS. hrutan.]

Defn: To roar; to bellow; to snort; to snore loudly. [Obs. or Scot.]
Chaucer.

ROUT
Rout, n.

Defn: A bellowing; a shouting; noise; clamor; uproar; disturbance;
tumult. Shak.
This new book the whole world makes such a rout about. Sterne.
"My child, it is not well," I said, "Among the graves to shout; To
laugh and play among the dead, And make this noisy rout." Trench.

ROUT
Rout, v. t. Etym: [A variant of root.]

Defn: To scoop out with a gouge or other tool; to furrow. To rout out
(a) To turn up to view, as if by rooting; to discover; to find. (b)
To turn out by force or compulsion; as, to rout people out of bed.
[Colloq.]

ROUT
Rout, v. i.

Defn: To search or root in the ground, as a swine. Edwards.

ROUT
Rout, n. Etym: [OF. route, LL. rupta, properly, a breaking, fr. L.
ruptus, p.p. of rumpere to break. See Rupture, reave, and cf. Rote
repetition of forms, Route. In some senses this word has been
confused with rout a bellowing, an uproar.] [Formerly spelled also
route.]

1. A troop; a throng; a company; an assembly; especially, a traveling
company or throng. [Obs.] "A route of ratones [rats]." Piers Plowman.
"A great solemn route." Chaucer.
And ever he rode the hinderest of the route. Chaucer.
A rout of people there assembled were. Spenser.

2. A disorderly and tumultuous crowd; a mob; hence, the rabble; the
herd of common people.
the endless routs of wretched thralls. Spenser.
The ringleader and head of all this rout. Shak.
Nor do I name of men the common rout. Milton.

3. The state of being disorganized and thrown into confusion; -- said
especially of an army defeated, broken in pieces, and put to flight
in disorder or panic; also, the act of defeating and breaking up an
army; as, the rout of the enemy was complete.
thy army . . . Dispersed in rout, betook them all to fly. Daniel.
To these giad conquest, murderous rout to those. pope.

4. (Law)

Defn: A disturbance of the peace by persons assembled together with
intent to do a thing which, if executed, would make them rioters, and
actually making a motion toward the executing thereof. Wharton.

5. A fashionable assembly, or large evening party. "At routs and
dances." Landor. To put to rout, to defeat and throw into confusion;
to overthrow and put to flight.

ROUT
Rout, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Routed; p. pr. & vb. n. Routing.]

Defn: To break the ranks of, as troops, and put them to flight in
disorder; to put to rout.
That party . . . that charged the Scots, so totally routed and
defeated their whole army, that they fied. Clarendon.

Syn.
 -- To defeat; discomfit; overpower; overthrow.

ROUT
Rout, v. i.

Defn: To assemble in a crowd, whether orderly or disorderly; to
collect in company. [obs.] Bacon.
In all that land no Christian[s] durste route. Chaucer.

ROUT CAKE
Rout" cake`.

Defn: A kind of rich sweet cake made for routs, or evening parties.

Twenty-four little rout cakes that were lying neglected in a plate.
Thackeray.

ROUTE
Route (root or rout; 277), n. Etym: [OE. & F. route, OF. rote, fr. L.
rupta (sc. via), fr. ruptus, p.p. of rumpere to break; hence,
literally, a broken or beaten way or path. See Rout, and cf. Rut a
track.]

Defn: The course or way which is traveled or passed, or is to be
passed; a passing; a course; a road or path; a march.
Wide through the furzy field their route they take. Gay.

ROUTER
Rout"er, n. (Carp.)
(a) A plane made like a spokeshave, for working the inside edges of
circular sashes.
(b) A plane with a hooked tool protruding far below the sole, for
smoothing the bottom of a cavity.

ROUTHE
Routhe, n.

Defn: Ruth; sorrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ROUTINARY
Rou"ti*na*ry, a.

Defn: Involving, or pertaining to, routine; ordinary; customary. [R.]
Emerson.

ROUTINE
Rou*tine", n. Etym: [F., fr. route a path, way, road. See Route,
Roterepetition.]

1. A round of business, amusement, or pleasure, daily or frequently
pursued; especially, a course of business or offical duties regularly
or frequently returning.

2. Any regular course of action or procedure rigidly adhered to by
the mere force of habit.

ROUTINISM
Rou*tin""ism, n.

Defn: the practice of doing things with undiscriminating, mechanical
regularity.

ROUTINIST
Rou*tin"ist, n.

Defn: One who habituated to a routine.

ROUTISH
Rout"ish, a.

Defn: Uproarious; riotous. [Obs.]

ROUTOUSLY
Rout"ous*ly, adv. (Law)

Defn: With that violation of law called a rout. See 5th Rout, 4.

ROUX
Roux, n. Etym: [F. beurre roux brown butter.] (Cookery)

Defn: A thickening, made of flour, for soups and gravies.

ROVE
Rove, v. t. Etym: [perhaps fr. or akin to reeve.]

1. To draw through an eye or aperture.

2. To draw out into falkes; to card, as wool. Jamieson.

3. To twist slightly; to bring together, as slivers of wool or
cotton, and twist slightly before spinning.

ROVE
Rove, n.

1. A copper washer upon which the end of a nail is clinched in boat
building.

2. A roll or sliver of wool or cotton drawn out and

ROVE
Rove, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Roved; p. pr. & vb. n. Roving.] Etym: [Cf.
D. rooven to rob; akin to E. reave. See Reave Rob.]

1. To practice robbery on the seas;to wander about on the seas in
piracy. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

2. Hence, to wander; to ramble; to rauge; to go, move, or pass
without certain direction in any manner, by sailing, walking, riding,
flying, or otherwise.
For who has power to walk has power to rove. Arbuthnot.

3. (Archery)

Defn: To shoot at rovers; hence, to shoot at an angle of elevation,
not at point-blank (rovers usually being beyond the point-blank
range).
Fair Venusson that with thy cruel dart At that good knoght cunningly
didst rove. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- To wander; roam; range; ramble stroll.

ROVE
Rove, v. t.

1. To wander over or through.
Roving the field, i chanced A goodly tree far distant to behold.
milton.

2. To plow into ridges by turning the earth of two furrows together.

ROVE
Rove, n.

Defn: The act of wandering; a ramble.
In thy nocturnal rove one moment halt. Young.
Rove beetle (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of beetles of the
family Staphylinidæ, having short elytra beneath which the wings are
folded transversely. They are rapid runners, and seldom fly.

ROVER
Rov"er, n. Etym: [D. roover a robber. See Rove, v. i.]

1. One who practices robbery on the seas; a pirate.
Yet Pompey the Great deserveth honor more justly for scouring the
seas, and taking from the rovers 846 sail of ships. Holland.

2. One who wanders about by sea or land; a wanderer; a rambler.

3. Hence, a fickle, inconstant person.

4. (Croquet)

Defn: A ball which has passed through all the hoops and would go out
if it hit the stake but is continued in play; also, the player of
such a ball.

5. (Archery)
(a) Casual marks at uncertain distances. Encyc. Brit.
(b) A sort of arrow. [Obs.]
All sorts, flights, rovers, and butt shafts. B. Jonson.
At rovers, at casual marks; hence, at random; as, shooting at rovers.
See def. 5 (a) above. Addison.
Bound down on every side with many bands because it shall not run at
rovers. Robynson (More's Utopia).

ROVING
Rov"ing, n.

1. The operatin of forming the rove, or slightly twisted sliver or
roll of wool or cotton, by means of a machine for the purpose, called
a roving frame, or roving machine.

2. A roll or sliver of wool or cotton drawn out and slightly twisted;
a rove. See 2d Rove, 2. Roving frame, Roving machine, a machine for
drawing and twisting roves and twisting roves and winding them on
bobbin for the spinning machine.

ROVING
Rov"ing, n.

Defn: The act of one who roves or wanders.

ROVINGLY
Rov"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a wandering manner.

ROVINGNESS
Rov"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The state of roving.

ROW
Row, a. & adv. Etym: [See Rough.]

Defn: Rough; stern; angry. [Obs.] "Lock he never so row." Chaucer.

ROW
Row, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. rouse, n.]

Defn: A noisy, turbulent quarrel or disturbance; a brawl. [Colloq.]
Byron.

ROW
Row, n. Etym: [OE. rowe, rawe, rewe, AS. raw, r; probably akin to D.
rij, G. reihe; cf. Skr. r a line, stroke.]

Defn: A series of persons or things arranged in a continued line; a
line; a rank; a file; as, a row of trees; a row of houses or columns.
And there were windows in three rows. 1 Kings vii. 4.
The bright seraphim in burning row. Milton.
Row culture (Agric.), the practice of cultivating crops in drills.
 -- Row of points (Geom.), the points on a line, infinite in number,
as the points in which a pencil of rays is intersected by a line.

ROW
Row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Rowing.] Etym: [AS.
r; akin to D. roeijen, MHG. rüejen, Dan. roe, Sw. ro, Icel. r, L.
remus oar, Gr. aritra. sq. root8. Cf. Rudder.]

1. To propel with oars, as a boat or vessel, along the surface of
water; as, to row a boat.

2. To transport in a boat propelled with oars; as, to row the captain
ashore in his barge.

ROW
Row, v. i.

1. To use the oar; as, to row well.

2. To be moved by oars; as, the boat rows easily.

ROW
Row, n.

Defn: The act of rowing; excursion in a rowboat.

ROWABLE
Row"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be rowed, or rowed upon. "That long barren fen, once
rowable." B. Jonson.

ROWAN
Row"an, n.

Defn: Rowan tree. Rowan barry, a barry of the rowan tree.

ROWAN TREE
Row"an tree`. Etym: [Cf. Sw. rönn, Dan. rönne, Icel. reynir, and L.
ornus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A european tree (Pyrus aucuparia) related to the apple, but
with pinnate leaves and flat corymbs of small white flowers followed
by little bright red berries. Called also roan tree, and mountain
ash. The name is also applied to two American trees of similar habit
(Pyrus Americana, and P. sambucifolia).

ROWBOAT
Row"boat`, n.

Defn: A boat designed to be propelled by oars instead of sails.

ROWDY
Row"dy, n.; pl. Rowdies. Etym: [From Rout, or Row a brawl.]

Defn: One who engages in rows, or noisy quarrels; a ruffianly fellow.
M. Arnold.

ROWDYDOW
Row"dy*dow, n.

Defn: Hubbub; uproar. [Vulgar]

ROWDYDOWDY
Row"dy*dow`dy, a.

Defn: Uproarious. [Vulgar]

ROWDYISH
Row"dy*ish, a.

Defn: Resembling a rowdy in temper or conduct; characteristic of a
rowdy.

ROWDYISM
Row"dy*ism, n.

Defn: the conduct of a rowdy.

ROWED
Rowed, a.

Defn: Formed into a row, or rows; having a row, or rows; as, a
twelve-rowed ear of corn.

ROWEL
Row"el, n. Etym: [OF. roele, rouele, properly, a little wheel, F.
rouelle collop, slice, LL. rotella a little wheel, dim. of L. rota a
wheel. See Roll, and cf. Rota.]

1. The little wheel of a spur, with sharp points.
With sounding whip, and rowels dyed in blood. Cowper.

2. A little flat ring or wheel on horses' bits.
The iron rowels into frothy foam he bit. Spenser.

3. (Far.)

Defn: A roll of hair, silk, etc., passed through the flesh of horses,
answering to a seton in human surgery.

ROWEL
Row"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roweled or Rowelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Roweling or Rowelling.] (Far.)

Defn: To insert a rowel, or roll of hair or silk, into (as the flesh
of a horse). Mortimer.

ROWEL BONE
Row"el bone`.

Defn: See rewel bone. [Obs.]

ROWEN
Row"en, n. Etym: [Cf. E. rough, OE. row, rowe.] [Called also rowet,
rowett, rowings, roughings.]

1. A stubble field left unplowed till late in the autumn, that it may
be cropped by cattle.
Turn your cows, that give milk, into your rowens till snow comes.
Mortimer.

2. The second growth of grass in a season; aftermath. [Prov. Eng. &
Local, U.S.]

ROWER
Row"er, n.

Defn: One who rows with an oar.

ROWETT
Row"ett, n.

Defn: See Rowen.

ROWLOCK
Row"lock ( colloq. , n. Etym: [For oarlock; AS. *rloc, where the
second part is skin to G. loch a hole, E. lock a fastening. See Oar,
and Lock.] (Naut.)

Defn: A contrivance or arrangement serving as a fulcrum for an oar in
rowing. It consists sometimes of a notch in the gunwale of a boat,
sometimes of a pair of pins between which the oar rests on the edge
of the gunwale, sometimes of a single pin passing through the oar, or
of a metal fork or stirrup pivoted in the gunwale and suporting the
oar.

ROWN
Rown, v. i. & t.

Defn: see Roun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ROWPORT
Row"port, n. (Naut.)

Defn: An opening in the side of small vessels of war, near the
surface of the water, to facilitate rowing in calm weather.

ROXBURGH
Rox"burgh (; Scot. , n. Etym: [From the third duke of Roxburgh
(Scotland), a noted book collector who had his books so bound.]

Defn: A style of bookbinding in which the back is plain leather, the
sides paper or cloth, the top gilt-edged, but the front and bottom
left uncut.

ROY
Roy (roi), n. Etym: [F. roi.]

Defn: A king. [obs.]

ROY
Roy, a.

Defn: Royal. [Obs.] Chapman.

ROYAL
Roy"al, a. Etym: [OE. roial, riall, real, OF. roial. reial, F. royal,
fr. L. regalis, fr. rex, regis, king. See Rich, and cf. regal, real a
coin, Rial.]

1. Kingly; pertaining to the crown or the sovereign; suitable for a
king or queen; regal; as, royal power or prerogative; royal domains;
the royal family; royal state.

2. Noble; generous; magnificent; princely.
How doth that royal merchant, good Antonio Shak.

3. Under the patronage of royality; holding a charter granted by the
sovereign; as, the Royal Academy of Arts; the Royal Society. Battle
royal. See under Battle.
 -- Royal bay (Bot.), the classic laurel (Laurus nobilis.) -- Royal
eagle. (Zoöl.) See Golden eagle, under Golden.
 -- Royal fern (Bot.), the handsome fern Osmunda regalis. See Osmund.
 -- Royal mast (Naut.), the mast next above the topgallant mast and
usually the highest on a square-rigged vessel. The royal yard and
royal sail are attached to the royal mast.
 -- Royal metal, an old name for gold.
 -- Royal palm (Bot.), a magnificent West Indian palm tree (Oreodoxa
regia), lately discovered also in Florida.
 -- Royal pheasant. See Curassow.
 -- Royal purple, an intense violet color, verging toward blue.
 -- Royal tern (Zoöl.), a large, crested American tern (Sterna
maxima).
 -- Royal tiger. (Zoöl.) See Tiger.
 -- Royal touch, the touching of a diseased person by the hand of a
king, with the view of restoring to health; -- formerly extensively
practiced, particularly for the scrofula, or king's evil.

Syn.
 -- Kingly; regal; monarchical; imperial; kinglike; princely; august;
majestic; superb; splendid; illustrious; noble; magnanimous.

ROYAL
Roy"al, n.

1. Printing and writing papers of particular sizes. See under paper,
n.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A small sail immediately above the topgallant sail. Totten.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the upper or distal branches of an antler, as the third
and fourth tynes of the antlers of a stag.

4. (Gun.)

Defn: A small mortar.

5. (Mil.)

Defn: One of the soldiers of the first regiment of foot of the
British army, formerly called the Royals, and supposed to be the
oldest regular corps in Europe; -- now called the Royal Scots.

6. An old English coin. See Rial.

ROYALET
Roy"al*et, n.

Defn: A petty or powerless king. [R.]
there were at this time two other royalets, as only kings by his
leave. Fuller.

ROYALISM
Roy"al*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. royalisme.]

Defn: the principles or conduct of royalists.

ROYALIST
Roy"al*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. royaliste.]

Defn: An adherent of a king (as of Charles I. in England, or of the
Bourbons in france); one attached to monarchical government.
Where Ca'ndish fought, the Royalists prevailed. Waller.

ROYALIZATION
Roy`al*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of making loyal to a king. [R.] Saintsbury.

ROYALIZE
Roy"al*ize, v. t.

Defn: to make royal. Shak.

ROYALLY
Roy"al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a royal or kingly manner; like a king; as becomes a king.
His body shall be royally interred. Dryden.

ROYAL SPADE
Royal spade. (Auction Bridge)

Defn: A spade when spades are trumps under the condition that every
trick over six taken by the successful bidder has a score value of 9;
-- usually in pl.

ROYALTY
Roy"al*ty, n.; pl. Royalties. Etym: [OF. roialté, royaulté, F.
royauté. See Royal, and cf. Regality.]

1. The state of being royal; the condition or quality of a royal
person; kingship; kingly office; sovereignty.
Royalty by birth was the sweetest way of majesty. Holyday.

2. The person of a king or sovereign; majesty; as, in the presence of
royalty.
For thus his royalty doth speak. Shak.

3. An emblem of royalty; -- usually in the plural, meaning regalia.
[Obs.]
Wherefore do I assume These royalties, and not refuse to reign
Milton.

4. Kingliness; spirit of regal authority.
In his royalty of nature Reigns that which would be fear'd. Shak.

5. Domain; province; sphere. Sir W. Scott.

6. That which is due to a sovereign, as a seigniorage on gold and
silver coined at the mint, metals taken from mines, etc.; the tax
exacted in lieu of such share; imperiality.

7. A share of the product or profit (as of a mine, forest, etc.),
reserved by the owner for permitting another to use the property.

8. Hence (Com.), a duty paid by a manufacturer to the owner of a
patent or a copyright at a certain rate for each article
manufactured; or, a percentage paid to the owner of an article by one
who hires the use of it.

ROYNE
Royne (roin), v. t. Etym: [F. rogner, OF. rooignier, to clip, pare,
scare, fr. L. rotundus round See Rotund.]

Defn: To bite; to gnaw. [Written also roin.] [Obs.] Spenser.

ROYNISH
Royn"ish, a. Etym: [F. rogneux, from rogne scab, mange, itch.]

Defn: Mangy; scabby; hence, mean; paltry; troublesome. [Written also
roinish.] [Obs.] "The roynish clown." Shak.

ROYSTER; ROYSTERER
Roys"ter, Roys"ter*er, n.

Defn: same as Roister, Roisterer.

ROYSTON CROW
Roys"ton crow`. Etym: [So called from Royston, a town in England.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: See Hooded crow, under Hooded.

ROYTELET
Roy"te*let, n. Etym: [F. roitelet, dim. of roi king.]

Defn: A little king. [Archaic] Heylin. Bancroft.

ROYTISH
Roy"tish, a. Etym: [Prob. for riotish, from riot, like Scot. roytous
for riotous.]

Defn: Wild; irregular. [Obs.]

RUB
Rub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Rubbing.] Etym:
[Probably of Celtic origin; cf. W. rhwbiaw, gael. rub.]

1. To subject (a body) to the action of something moving over its
surface with pressure and friction, especially to the action of
something moving back and forth; as, to rub the flesh with the hand;
to rub wood with sandpaper.
It shall be expedient, after that body is cleaned, to rub the body
with a coarse linen cloth. Sir T. Elyot.

2. To move over the surface of (a body) with pressure and friction;
to graze; to chafe; as, the boat rubs the ground.

3. To cause (a body) to move with pressure and friction along a
surface; as, to rub the hand over the body.
Two bones rubbed hard against one another. Arbuthnot.

4. To spread a substance thinly over; to smear.
The smoothed plank, . . . New rubbed with balm. Milton.

5. To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse; -- often
with up or over; as, to rub up silver.
The whole business of our redemption is to rub over the defaced copy
of the creation. South.

6. To hinder; to cross; to thwart. [R.]
'T is the duke's pleasure, Whose disposition, all the world well
knows, Will not be rubbed nor stopped. Shak.
To rub down. (a) To clean by rubbing; to comb or curry; as, to down a
horse. (b) To reduce or remove by rubbing; as, to rub down the rough
points.
 -- To rub off, to clean anything by rubbing; to separate by
friction; as, to rub off rust.
 -- To rub out, to remove or separate by friction; to erase; to
obliterate; as, to rub out a mark or letter; to rub out a stain.
 -- To rub up. (a) To burnish; to polish; to clean. (b) To excite; to
awaken; to rouse to action; as, to rub up the memory.

RUB
Rub, v. i.

1. To move along the surface of a body with pressure; to grate; as, a
wheel rubs against the gatepost.

2. To fret; to chafe; as, to rub upon a sore.

3. To move or pass with difficulty; as, to rub through woods, as
huntsmen; to rub through the world. To rub along or on, to go on with
difficulty; as, they manage, with strict economy, to rub along.
[Colloq.]

RUB
Rub, n. Etym: [Cf. W. rhwb. See Rub, v,t,]

1. The act of rubbing; friction.

2. That which rubs; that which tends to hinder or obstruct motion or
progress; hindrance; obstruction, an impediment; especially, a
difficulty or obstruction hard to overcome; a pinch.
Every rub is smoothed on our way. Shak.
To sleep, perchance to dream; ay, there's the rub. Shak.
Upon this rub, the English ambassadors thought fit to demur. Hayward.
One knows not, certainly, what other rubs might have been ordained
for us by a wise Providence. W. Besant.

3. Inequality of surface, as of the ground in the game of bowls;
unevenness. Shak.

4. Something grating to the feelings; sarcasm; joke; as, a hard rub.

5. Imperfection; failing; fault. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

6. A chance. [Obs.]
Flight shall leave no Greek a rub. Chapman.

7. A stone, commonly flat, used to sharpen cutting tools; a
whetstone; -- called also rubstone. Rub iron, an iron guard on a
wagon body, against which a wheel rubs when cramped too much.

RUBA-DUB
Rub"a-dub, n.

Defn: The sound of a drum when continuously beaten; hence, a
clamorous, repeated sound; a clatter.
The rubadub of the abolition presses. D. Webster.

RUBAIYAT
Ru*bai*yat", n. pl.; sing. Rubai. [Ar. ruba'iyah quatrian, pl. of
ruba'iy having four radicals, fr. ruba' four.]

Defn: Quatrians; as, the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. Sometimes in pl.
construed as sing., a poem in such stanzas.

RUBATO
Ru*ba"to, a. Etym: [It.]

Defn: Robbed; borrowed. Temple rubato. Etym: [It.] (Mus.) Borrowed
time; -- a term applied to a style of performance in which some tones
are held longer than their legitimate time, while others are
proportionally curtailed.

RUBBAGE
Rub"bage (; 48), n.

Defn: Rubbish. [Obs.]

RUBBER
Rub"ber, n.

1. One who, or that which, rubs. Specifically:
(a) An instrument or thing used in rubbing, polishing, or cleaning.
(b) A coarse file, or the rough part of a file.
(c) A whetstone; a rubstone.
(d) An eraser, usually made of caoutchouc.
(e) The cushion of an electrical machine.
(f) One who performs massage, especially in a Turkish bath.
(g) Something that chafes or annoys; hence, something that grates on
the feelings; a sarcasm; a rub. Thackeray.

2. In some games, as whist, the odd game, as the third or the fifth,
when there is a tie between the players; as, to play the rubber;
also, a contest determined by the winning of two out of three games;
as, to play a rubber of whist. Beaconsfield. "A rubber of cribbage."
Dickens.

3. India rubber; caoutchouc.

4. An overshoe made of India rubber. [Colloq.] Antimony rubber, an
elastic durable variety of vulcanized caoutchouc of a red color. It
contains antimony sulphide as an important constituent.
 -- Hard rubber, a kind of vulcanized caoutchouc which nearly
resembles horn in texture, rigidity, etc.
 -- India rubber, caoutchouc. See Caoutchouc.
 -- Rubber cloth, cloth covered with caoutchouc for excluding water
or moisture.
 -- Rubber dam (Dentistry), a shield of thin sheet rubber clasped
around a tooth to exclude saliva from the tooth.

RUBBERIZE
Rub"ber*ize, v. t.

Defn: To coat or impregnate with rubber or a rubber solution or
preparation, as silk.

RUBBIDGE
Rub"bidge, n.

Defn: Rubbish. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

RUBBING
Rub"bing,

Defn: a. & n. from Rub, v.

RUBBISH
Rub"bish, n. Etym: [OE. robows, robeux, rubble, originally an Old
French plural from an assumed dim. of robe, probably in the sense of
trash; cf. It. robaccia trash, roba stuff, goods, wares, robe. Thus,
etymologically rubbish is the pl. of rubble. See Robe, and cf.
Rubble.]

Defn: Waste or rejected matter; anything worthless; valueless stuff;
trash; especially, fragments of building materials or fallen
buildings; ruins; débris.
What rubbish and what offal! Shak.
he saw the town's one half in rubbish lie. Dryden.
Rubbish pulley. See Gin block, under Gin.

RUBBISH
Rub"bish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to rubbish; of the quality of rubbish; trashy.
De Quincey.

RUBBLE
Rub"ble, n. Etym: [From an assumed Old French dim. of robe See
Rubbish.]

1. Water-worn or rough broken stones; broken bricks, etc., used in
coarse masonry, or to fill up between the facing courses of walls.
Inside [the wall] there was rubble or mortar. Jowett (Thucyd. ).

2. Rough stone as it comes from the quarry; also, a quarryman's term
for the upper fragmentary and decomposed portion of a mass of stone;
brash. Brande & C.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: A mass or stratum of fragments or rock lying under the
alluvium, and derived from the neighboring rock. Lyell.

4. pl.

Defn: The whole of the bran of wheat before it is sorted into
pollard, bran, etc. [Prov.Eng.] Simmonds. Coursed rubble, rubble
masonry in which courses are formed by leveling off the work at
certain heights.

RUBBLESTONE
Rub"ble*stone`, n.

Defn: See Rubble, 1 and 2.

RUBBLEWORK
Rub"ble*work`, n.

Defn: Masonry constructed of unsquared stones that are irregular in
size and shape.

RUBBLY
Rub"bly, a.

Defn: Relating to, or containing, rubble.

RUBEDINOUS
Ru*bed"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. rubedo redness, fr. rubere to be red.]

Defn: Reddish. [R.] M. Stuart.

RUBEFACIENT
Ru`be*fa"cient, a. Etym: [L. rubefaciens, p.pr. of rubefacere to make
red; rubere to be red + facere to make.]

Defn: Making red.
 -- n. (Med.)

Defn: An external application which produces redness of the skin.

RUBEFACTION
Ru`be*fac"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of making red.

RUBELET
Ru"be*let (ru"be*lêt), n.

Defn: A little ruby. Herrick.

RUBELL; RUBELLE
Ru*bell", Ru*belle", n. Etym: [L. rubellus reddish.]

Defn: A red color used in enameling. Weale.

RUBELLA
Ru*bel"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. rubellus reddish.] (Med.)

Defn: An acute specific disease with a dusky red cutaneous eruption
resembling that of measles, but unattended by catarrhal symptoms; --
called also German measles.

RUBELLITE
Ru"bel*lite, n. Etym: [L. rubellus reddish, dim. of ruber red.]
(Min.)

Defn: A variety of tourmaline varying in color from a pale rose to a
deep ruby, and containing lithium.

RUBEOLA
Ru*be"o*la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. ruber red.] (Med.)
(a) the measles.
(b) Rubella.

RUBERYTHRINIC
Ru`ber*y*thrin"ic, a. Etym: [L. ruber red + erythrin.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid extracted from madder
root. It is a yellow crystalline substance from which alizarin is
obtained.

RUBESCENCE
Ru*bes"cence, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being rubescent; a reddening; a flush.

RUBESCENT
Ru*bes"cent, a. Etym: [L. rubescens, -entis, p.pr. of rubescere to
grow red, v. incho from rubere to be red: cf. F. rubescent. See
Ruby.]

Defn: Growing or becoming red; tending to redness.

RUBIACEOUS
Ru`bi*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a very large natural order of plants
(Rubiaceæ) named after the madder (Rubia tinctoria), and including
about three hundred and seventy genera and over four thousand
species. Among them are the coffee tree, the trees yielding peruvian
bark and quinine, the madder, the quaker ladies, and the trees
bearing the edible fruits called genipap and Sierre Leone peach,
besides many plants noted for the beauty or the fragrance of their
blossoms.

RUBIACIN
Ru"bi*a*cin, n. Etym: [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.] (Chem)

Defn: A substance found in madder root, and probably identical with
ruberythrinic acid.

RUBIAN
Ru"bi*an, n. Etym: [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of several color-producing glycosides found in madder root.

RUBIANIC
Ru`bi*an"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: pertaining to, or derived from, rubian; specifically,
designating an acid called also ruberythrinic acid. [Obs.]

RU BIBLE
Ru" bi*ble, n.

Defn: A ribble. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RUBICAN
Ru"bi*can, a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Colored a prevailing red, bay, or black, with flecks of white
or gray especially on the flanks; -- said of horses. Smart.

RUBICELLE
Ru"bi*celle, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rubacelle, rubicelle, fr. L. rubeus
red, reddish.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of ruby of a yellowish red color, from Brazil.

RUBICON
Ru"bi*con, n. (Anc. geog.)

Defn: A small river which separated Italy from Cisalpine Gaul, the
province alloted to Julius Cæsar.

Note: By leading an army across this river, contrary to the
prohibition of the civil government at Rome, Cæsar precipitated the
civil war which resulted in the death of Pompey and the overthrow of
the senate; hence, the phrase to pass or cross the Rubicon signifies
to take the decisive step by which one is committed to a hazardous
enterprise from which there is no retreat.

RUBICUND
Ru"bi*cund, a. Etym: [L. rubicundus, fr. rubere to be red, akin to
ruber red. See Red.]

Defn: Inclining to redness; ruddy; red. "His rubicund face."
Longfellow.

RUBICUNDITY
Ru`bi*cun"di*ty, n. Etym: [LL. rubicunditas.]

Defn: The quality or state of being rubicund; ruddiness.
To parade your rubicundity and gray hairs. Walpole.

RUBIDIC
Ru*bid"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to rubidium; containing rubidium.

RUBIDINE
Ru"bi*dine ( or ), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous base homologous with pyridine, obtained from coal
tar as an oily liquid, C11H17N; also, any one of the group od
metameric compounds of which rubidine is the type.

RUBIDIUM
Ru*bid"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. rubidus red, fr. rubere to be red.
So called from two dark red spectroscopic lines by means of which it
was discovered in the lepidolite from Rozena, Moravia. See Rubicund.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element. It occurs quite widely, but in small
quantities, and always combined. It is isolated as a soft yellowish
white metal, analogous to potassium in most of its properties. Symbol
Rb. Atomic weight, 85.2.

RUBIFIC
Ru*bif"ic, a. Etym: [L. ruber red + facere to make.]

Defn: Making red; as, rubific rays. Grew.

RUBIFICATION
Ru`bi*fic*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rubification.]

Defn: The act of making red. Howell.

RUBIFORM
Ru"bi*form, a. Etym: [L. ruber red + -form.]

Defn: Having the nature or quality of red; as, the rubiform rays of
the sun. [R.] Sir I. newton.

RUBIFY
Ru"bi*fy, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. rubéfier. See Rubific.]

Defn: To redden. [R.] "Waters rubifying." Chaucer.

RUBIGINOSE; RUBIGINOUS
Ru*big"i*nose`, Ru*big"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. rubiginosus, fr. rubigo,
robigo, rust: cf. F. rubigineux.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the appearance or color of iron rust; rusty-looking.

RUBIGO
Ru*bi"go, n. Etym: [L. rubigo, robigo, rust of metals, rust, blight.]
(bot.)

Defn: same as Rust, n., 2.

RUBIN
Ru"bin, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. rubinus, It. rubino. See Ruby.]

Defn: A ruby. [Obs.] Spenser.

RUBIOUS
Ru"bi*ous, a. Etym: [L. rubeus, fr. rubere to be red. See Rouge.]

Defn: Red; ruddy. [Obs.] Shak.

RUBIRETIN
Ru`bi*re"tin, n. Etym: [Rubian + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: One of the red dye products extracted from madder root, and
probably identical with ruberythrinic acid.

RUBLE
Ru"ble, n. Etym: [Russ. ruble.]

Defn: The unit of monetary value in Russia. It is divided into 100
copecks, and in the gold coin of the realm (as in the five and ten
ruble pieces) is worth about 77 cents. The silver ruble is a coin
worth about 60 cents. [Written also rouble.]

RUBRIC
Ru"bric, n. Etym: [OE. rubriche, OF. rubriche, F. rubrique ( cf. it.
rubrica), fr. L. rubrica red earth for coloring, red chalk, the title
of a law (because written in red), fr. ruber red. See red.]

Defn: That part of any work in the early manuscripts and typography
which was colored red, to distinguish it from other portions. Hence,
specifically:
(a) A titlepage, or part of it, especially that giving the date and
place of printing; also, the initial letters, etc., when printed in
red.
(b) (Law books) The title of a statute; -- so called as being
anciently written in red letters. Bell.
(c) (Liturgies) The directions and rules for the conduct of service,
formerly written or printed in red; hence, also, an ecclesiastical or
episcopal injunction; -- usually in the plural.
All the clergy in England solemnly pledge themselves to observe the
rubrics. Hook.

(d) Hence, that which is established or settled, as by authority; a
thing definitely settled or fixed. Cowper.
Nay, as a duty, it had no place or rubric in human conceptions before
Christianity. De Quincey.

RUBRIC
Ru"bric, v. t.

Defn: To adorn ith red; to redden; to rubricate. [R.] Johnson.

RUBRIC; RUBRICAL
Ru"bric, Ru"bric*al, a.

1. Colored in, or marked with, red; placed in rubrics.
What though my name stood rubric on the walls Or plaistered posts,
with claps, in capitals Pope.

2. Of or pertaining to the rubric or rubrics. "Rubrical
eccentricities." C. Kingsley.

RUBRICATE
Ru"bri*cate, a. Etym: [L. rubricatus p.p. of rubricare to color red.
See Rubric, n.]

Defn: Marked with red. Sp

RUBRICATE
Ru"bri*cate, v. t.

Defn: To mark or distinguished with red; to arrange as in a rubric;
to establish in a settled and unchangeable form. Foxe.
A system . . . according to which the thoughts of men were to be
classed and rubricated forever after. Hare.

RUBRICIAN; RUBRICIST
Ru*bri"cian, Ru"bri*cist, n.

Defn: One skilled in, or tenaciously adhering to, the rubric or
rubrics.

RUBRICITY
Ru*bric"i*ty, n.

Defn: Redness. [R.]

RUBSTONE
Rub"stone`, n.

Defn: A stone for scouring or rubbing; a whetstone; a rub.

RUBUS
Ru"bus, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of rosaceous plants, including the raspberry and
blackberry.

RUBY
Ru"by, n.; pl. Rubies. Etym: [F. rubis (cf. Pr. robi), LL. rubinus,
robinus, fr. L. rubeus red, reddish, akin to ruber. See Rouge, red.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A precious stone of a carmine red color, sometimes verging to
violet, or intermediate between carmine and hyacinth red. It is a red
crystallized variety of corundum.

Note: Besides the true or Oriental ruby above defined, there are the
balas ruby, or ruby spinel, a red variety of spinel, and the rock
ruby, a red variety of garnet.
Of rubies, sapphires, and pearles white. Chaucer.

2. The color of a ruby; carmine red; a red tint.
The natural ruby of your cheeks. Shak.

3. That which has the color of the ruby, as red wine. Hence, a red
blain or carbuncle.

4. (Print.)

Defn: See Agate, n., 2. [Eng.]

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of South American humming birds of the genus
Clytolæma. The males have a ruby-colored throat or breast. Ruby of
arsenic, Ruby of sulphur (Chem.), a glassy substance of a red color
and a variable composition, but always consisting chiefly of the
disulphide of arsenic; -- called also ruby sulphur.
 -- Ruby of zinc (Min.), zinc sulphide; the mineral zinc blende or
sphalerite.
 -- Ruby silver (Min.), red silver. See under Red.

RUBY
Ru"by, a.

Defn: Ruby-colored; red; as, ruby lips.

RUBY
Ru"by, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rubied; p. pr. & vb. n. Rubying.]

Defn: To make red; to redden. [R.] Pope.

RUBYTAIL
Ru"by*tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European gold wasp (Chrysis ignita) which has the under side
of the abdomen bright red, and the other parts deep bluish green with
a metallic luster. The larva is parasitic in the nests of other wasps
and of bees.

RUBY-TAILED
Ru"by-tailed`, a.

Defn: Having the tail, or lower part of the body, bright red.

RUBYTHROAT
Ru"by*throat`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of humming birds belonging to
Trochilus, Calypte, Stellula, and allies, in which the male has on
the throat a brilliant patch of red feathers having metallic
reflections; esp., the common humming bird of the Eastern United
States (Trochilus colubris).

RUBYWOOD
Ru"by*wood`, n.

Defn: red sandalwood. See under Sandalwood.

RUCERVINE
Ru*cer"vine, a. Etym: [NL. Rucervus, the genus, fr. NL. Rusa a
certain genus of deer (Malay r deer) + Cervus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, like, or pertaining to, a deer of the genus Rucervus, which
includes the swamp deer of India.

RUCHE
Ruche, n. Etym: [F. ruche ruche, beehive, OF. rusche a beehive, which
was formerly made of the bark of trees; cf. W. rhisg, rhisgl, bark,
gael. rusg bark, rind.]

1. A plaited, quilled, or goffered strip of lace, net, ribbon, or
other material, -- used in place of collars or cuffs, and as a
trimming for women's dresses and bonnets. [Written also rouche.]

2. A pile of arched tiles, used to catch and retain oyster spawn.

RUCHING
Ruch"ing, n.

Defn: A ruche, or ruches collectively.

RUCK
Ruck, n.

Defn: A roc. [Obs. or prov. Eng.] Drayton.

RUCK
Ruck, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Rucked; p. pr. & vb. n. Rucking.]
Etym: [Icel hrukkast to wrinkle, hrukka wrinkle, fold.]

Defn: To draw into wrinkles or unsightly folds; to crease; as, to
ruck up a carpet. Smart.

RUCK
Ruck, n. Etym: [Icel. hrukka. Cf. Ruck, v. t.]

Defn: A wrinkle or crease in a piece of cloth, or in needlework.

RUCK
Ruck, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Dan. ruge to brood, to hatch.]

Defn: To cower; to huddle together; to squat; to sit, as a hen on
eggs. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Gower. South.
The sheep that rouketh in the fold. Chaucer.

RUCK
Ruck, n. Etym: [Cf. Ruck.]

1. A heap; a rick. [Prov Eng. & Scot.]

2. The common sort, whether persons or things; as, the ruck in a
horse race. [Colloq.]
The ruck in society as a whole. Lond. Sat. Rev.

RUCTATION
Ruc*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. ructatio, fr. ructare to belch: cf. F.
ructation.]

Defn: The act of belching wind.

RUCTION
Ruc"tion, n.

Defn: An uproar; a quarrel; a noisy outbreak. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

RUD
Rud, n. Etym: [AS. rudu, akin to reád red. sq. root113. See Red, and
cf. Ruddy.]

1. Redness; blush. [Obs.]

2. Ruddle; red ocher.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The rudd.

RUD
Rud, v. t.

Defn: To make red. [Obs.] Spenser.

RUDBECKIA
Rud*beck"i*a, n. [NL. So named after Olaf Rudebeck, a Swedish
botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of composite plants, the coneflowers, consisting of
perennial herbs with showy pedunculate heads, having a hemispherical
involucre, sterile ray flowers, and a conical chaffy receptacle.
There are about thirty species, exclusively North American. Rudbeckia
hirta, the  black-eyed Susan, is a common weed in meadows.

RUDD
Rudd, n. Etym: [See Rud, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fresh-water European fish of the Carp family (Leuciscus
erythrophthalmus). It is about the size and shape of the roach, but
it has the dorsal fin farther back, a stouter body, and red irises.
Called also redeye, roud, finscale, and shallow. A blue variety is
called azurine, or blue roach.

RUDDER
Rud"der, n.

Defn: A riddle or sieve. [Prov. Eng.]

RUDDER
Rud"der, n. Etym: [OE. rother, AS. roedher a paddle; akin to D. roer
rudder, oar, G. ruder, OHG. roadar, Sw. roder, ror, Dan. roer, ror.
sq. root 8. See Row to propel with an oar, and cf. Rother. ]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The mechanical appliance by means of which a vessel is guided
or steered when in motion. It is a broad and flat blade made of wood
or iron, with a long shank, and is fastened in an upright position,
usually by one edge, to the sternpost of the vessel in such a way
that it can be turned from side to side in the water by means of a
tiller, wheel, or other attachment.

2. Fig.: That which resembles a rudder as a guide or governor; that
which guides or governs the course.
For rhyme the rudder is of verses. Hudibras.
Balance rudder (Naut.), a rudder pivoted near the middle instead of
at the edge, -- common on sharpies.
 -- Drop rudder (Naut.), a rudder extending below the keel so as to
be more effective in steering.
 -- Rudder chain (Naut.), one of the loose chains or ropes which
fasten the rudder to the quarters to prevent its loss in case it gets
unshipped, and for operating it in case the tiller or the wheel is
broken.
 -- Rudder coat (Naut.), a covering of tarred canvas used to prevent
water from entering the rudderhole.
 -- Rudder fish. (Zoöl.) (a) The pilot fish. (b) The amber fish
(Seriola zonata), which is bluish having six broad black bands. (c) A
plain greenish black American fish (Leirus perciformis); -- called
also black rudder fish, logfish, and barrel fish. The name is also
applied to other fishes which follow vessels.
 -- Rudder pendants (Naut.), ropes connected with the rudder chains.

RUDDERHEAD
Rud"der*head`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The upper end of the rudderpost, to which the tiller is
attashed.

RUDDERHOLE
Rud"der*hole, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The hole in the deck through which the rudderpost passes.

RUDDERLESS
Rud"der*less, a.

Defn: Without a rudder.

RUDDERPOST
Rud"der*post, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The shank of a rudder, having the blade at one end and the
attachments for operating it at the other.

RUDDERSTOCK
Rud"der*stock`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The main part or blade of the rudder, which is connected by
hinges, or the like, with the sternpost of a vessel.

RUDDIED
Rud"died, a.

Defn: Made ruddy or red.

RUDDILY
Rud"di*ly, adv.

Defn: In a ruddy manner. Byron.

RUDDINESS
Rud"di*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being ruddy; as, the ruddiness of the
cheeks or the sky.

RUDDLE
Rud"dle, v. t.

Defn: To raddle or twist. [Obs.]

RUDDLE
Rud"dle, n.

Defn: A riddle or sieve. [Obs.] Holland.

RUDDLE
Rud"dle, n. Etym: [See Rud; cf. Reddle.] (Min.)

Defn: A species of red earth colored by iron sesquioxide; red ocher.

RUDDLE
Rud"dle, v. t.

Defn: To mark with ruddle; to raddle; to rouge. "Their ruddled
cheeks." Thackeray.
A fair sheep newly ruddled. Lady M. W. Montagu.

RUDDOCK
Rud"dock, n. Etym: [AS. ruddic; cf. W. rhuddog the redbreast. sq.
root113. See Rud, n.] [Written also raddock.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European robin. "The tame ruddock and the coward kite."
Chaucer.

2. A piece of gold money; -- probably because the gold of coins was
often reddened by copper alloy. Called also red ruddock, and golden
ruddock. [Obs.]
Great pieces of gold . . . red ruddocks. Florio.

RUDDY
Rud"dy, a. [Compar. Ruddier; superl. Ruddiest.] Etym: [AS. rudig. See
Rud, n.]

1. Of a red color; red, or reddish; as, a ruddy sky; a ruddy flame.
Milton.
They were more ruddy in body than rubies. Lam. iv. 7.

2. Of a lively flesh color, or the color of the human skin in high
health; as, ruddy cheeks or lips. Dryden. Ruddy duck (Zoöl.), an
American duck (Erismatura rubida) having a broad bill and a wedge-
shaped tail composed of stiff, sharp feathers. The adult male is rich
brownish red on the back, sides, and neck, black on the top of the
head, nape, wings, and tail, and white on the cheeks. The female and
young male are dull brown mixed with blackish on the back; grayish
below. Called also dunbird, dundiver, ruddy diver, stifftail,
spinetail, hardhead, sleepy duck, fool duck, spoonbill, etc.
 -- Ruddy plover (Zoöl.) the sanderling.

RUDDY
Rud"dy, v. t.

Defn: To make ruddy. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

RUDE
Rude, a. [Compar. Ruder; superl. Rudest.] Etym: [F., fr. L. rudis.]

1. Characterized by roughness; umpolished; raw; lacking delicacy or
refinement; coarse.
Such gardening tools as art, yet rude, . . . had formed. Milton.

2. Hence, specifically:
(a) Unformed by taste or skill; not nicely finished; not smoothed or
polished; -- said especially of material things; as, rude
workmanship. "Rude was the cloth." Chaucer.
Rude and unpolished stones. Bp. Stillingfleet.
The heaven-born child All meanly wrapt in the rude manger lies.
Milton.

(b) Of untaught manners; unpolished; of low rank; uncivil; clownish;
ignorant; raw; unskillful; -- said of persons, or of conduct, skill,
and the like. "Mine ancestors were rude." Chaucer.
He was but rude in the profession of arms. Sir H. Wotton.
the rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep. Gray.

(c) Violent; tumultuous; boisterous; inclement; harsh; severe; --
said of the weather, of storms, and the like; as, the rude winter.
[Clouds] pushed with winds, rude in their shock. Milton.
The rude agitation [of water] breaks it into foam. Boyle.

(d) Barbarous; fierce; bloody; impetuous; -- said of war, conflict,
and the like; as, the rude shock of armies.
(e) Not finished or complete; inelegant; lacking chasteness or
elegance; not in good taste; unsatisfactory in mode of treatment; --
said of literature, language, style, and the like. "The rude Irish
books." Spenser.
Rude am I in my speech. Shak.
Unblemished by my rude translation. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Impertinent; rough; uneven; shapeless; unfashioned; rugged;
artless; unpolished; uncouth; inelegant; rustic; coarse; vulgar;
clownish; raw; unskillful; untaught; illiterate; ignorant; uncivil;
impolite; saucy; impudent; insolent; surly; currish; churlish;
brutal; uncivilized; barbarous; savage; violent; fierce; tumultuous;
turbulent; impetuous; boisterous; harsh; inclement; severe. See
Impertiment.
 -- Rude"ly, adv.
 -- Rude"ness, n.

RUDENTURE
Ru"den*ture, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. rudens a rope.] (Arch.)

Defn: Cabling. See Cabling. gwilt.

RUDERARY
Ru"de*ra*ry, a. Etym: [L. ruderarius, fr. rudus, ruderis, stones
crushed and mixed with lime, old rubbish.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to rubbish.. [Obs.] Bailey.

RUDESBY
Rudes"by, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: An uncivil, turbulent fellow. [Obs.] Shak.

RUDESHEIMER; RUEDESHEIMER
Rü"des*heim`er, n.

Defn: A German wine made near Rüdesheim, on the Rhine.

RUDIMENT
Ru"di*ment, n. Etym: [L. rudimentum, fr. rudis unwrought, ignorant,
rude: cf. F. rudiment. See Rude.]

1. That which is unformed or undeveloped; the principle which lies at
the bottom of any development; an unfinished beginning.
but I will bring thee where thou soon shalt quit Those rudiments, and
see before thine eyes The monarchies of the earth. Milton.
the single leaf is the rudiment of beauty in landscape. I. Taylor.

2. Hence, an element or first principle of any art or science; a
beginning of any knowledge; a first step.
This boy is forest-born, And hath been tutored in the rudiments of
many desperate studies. Shak.
There he shall first lay down the rudiments Of his great warfare.
Milton.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: An imperfect organ or part, or one which is never developed.

RUDIMENT
Ru"di*ment, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with first principles or rules; to insrtuct in the
rudiments. Gayton.

RUDIMENTAL
Ru`di*men"tal, a.

Defn: Rudimentary. Addison.

RUDIMENTARY
Ru`di*men"ta*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rudimentaire.]

1. Of or pertaining to rudiments; consisting in first principles;
elementary; initial; as, rudimental essays.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Very imperfectly developed; in an early stage of development;
embryonic.

RUDISH
Rud"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat rude. Foote.

RUDISTES
Ru*dis"tes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. rudis rough.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct order or suborder of bivalve mollusks characteristic
of the Cretaceous period; -- called also Rudista. See Illust. under
Hippurite.

RUDITY
Ru"di*ty, n. Etym: [L. ruditas ignorance, fr. rudis rude,
illiterate.]

Defn: Rudeness; ignorance. [R.]

RUDMASDAY
Rud"mas*day, n. Etym: [See Rood, Mass, Day.] (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: Either of the feasts of the Holy Cross, occuring on May 3 and
September 14, annually.

RUDOLPHINE
Ru*dolph"ine, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a set of astronomical tables
computed by Kepler, and founded on the observations of Tycho Brahe; -
- so named from Rudolph II., emperor of Germany.

RUE
Rue, n. Etym: [F. rue, L. ruta, akin to Gr. r.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial suffrutescent plant (Ruta graveolens), having a
strong, heavy odor and a bitter taste; herb of grace. It is used in
medicine.
Then purged with euphrasy and rue The visual nerve, for he had much
to see. Milton.
They [the exorcists] are to try the devil by holy water, incense,
sulphur, rue, which from thence, as we suppose, came to be called
herb of grace. Jer. Taylor.

2. Fig.: Bitterness; disappointment; grief; regret. Goat's rue. See
under Goat.
 -- Rue anemone, a pretty springtime flower (Thalictrum anemonides)
common in the United States.
 -- Wall rue, a little fern (Asplenium Ruta-muraria) common on walls
in Europe.

RUE
Rue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rued; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruing.] Etym: [OE.
rewen, reouwen, to grive, make sorry, AS. hreówan; akin to OS.
hrewan, D. rouwen, OHG. hriuwan, G. reun, Icel. hruggr grieved,
hrugedh sorrow. sq. root 18. Cf. Ruth.]

1. To lament; to regret extremely; to grieve for or over. Chaucer.
I wept to see, and rued it from my heart. Chapmen.
Thy will Chose freely what it now so justly rues. Milton.

2. To cause to grieve; to afflict. [Obs.] "God wot, it rueth me."
Chaucer.

3. To repent of, and withdraw from, as a bargain; to get released
from. [Prov. Eng.]

RUE
Rue, v. i.

1. To have compassion. [Obs.]
God so wisly [i. e., truly] on my soul rue. Chaucer.
Which stirred men's hearts to rue upon them. Ridley.

2. To feel sorrow and regret; to repent.
Work by counsel and thou shalt not rue. Chaucer.
Old year, we'll dearly rue for you. Tennyson.

RUE
Rue, n. Etym: [AS. hreów. See Rue, v. t.]

Defn: Sorrow; repetance. [Obs.] Shak.

RUEFUL
Rue"ful, a.

1. Causing one to rue or lament; woeful; mournful; sorrowful.

2. Expressing sorrow. "Rueful faces." Dryden.
Two rueful figures, with long black cloaks. Sir W. Scott.
-- Rue"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Rue"ful*ness, n.

RUELL BONE
Ru"ell bone`.

Defn: See rewel bone. [Obs.]

RUELLE
Ru*elle" (, n. Etym: [F. ruelle a narrow street, a lanrue a street.]

Defn: A private circle or assembly at a private house; a circle.
[Obs.] Dryden.

RUFESCENT
Ru*fes"cent, a. Etym: [L. rufescens, p.pr. of rufescere to become
reddish, fr. rufus red: cf. F. rufescent.]

Defn: Reddish; tinged with red.

RUFF
Ruff, n. Etym: [F. ronfle; cf. It. ronfa, Pg. rufa, rifa.] (Card
Playing)
(a) A game similar to whist, and the predecessor of it. Nares.
(b) The act of trumping, especially when one has no card of the suit
led.

RUFF
Ruff, v. i. & t. (Card Playing)

Defn: To trump.

RUFF
Ruff, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin: cf. Icel. r rough, uncombed, Pr.
ruf rude, rough, Sp. rufo frizzed, crisp, curled, G. raufen to pluck,
fight, rupfen to pluck, pull, E. rough. sq. root18. Cf. Ruffle to
wrinkle.]

1. A muslin or linen collar plaited, crimped, or fluted, worn
formerly by both sexes, now only by women and children.
Here to-morrow with his best ruff on. Shak.
His gravity is much lessened since the late proclamation came out
against ruffs; . . . they were come to that height of excess herein,
that twenty shillings were used to be paid for starching of a ruff.
Howell.

2. Something formed with plaits or flutings, like the collar of this
name.
I reared this flower; . . . Soft on the paper ruff its leaves I
spread. Pope.

3. An exhibition of pride or haughtiness.
How many princes . . . in the ruff of all their glory, have been
taken down from the head of a conquering army to the wheel of the
victor's chariot! L'Estrange.

4. Wanton or tumultuous procedure or conduct. [Obs.]
To ruffle it out in a riotous ruff. Latimer.

5. (Mil.)

Defn: A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a roll; a
ruffle.

6. (Mach.)

Defn: A collar on a shaft ot other piece to prevent endwise motion.
See Illust. of Collar.

7. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A set of lengthened or otherwise modified feathers round, or
on, the neck of a bird.

8. (Zoöl.)
(a) A limicoline bird of Europe and Asia (Pavoncella, or
Philommachus, pugnax) allied to the sandpipers. The males during the
breeding season have a large ruff of erectile feathers, variable in
their colors, on the neck, and yellowish naked tubercles on the face.
They are polygamous, and are noted for their pugnacity in the
breeding season. The female is called reeve, or rheeve.
(b) A variety of the domestic pigeon, having a ruff of its neck.

RUFF
Ruff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruffing.]

1. To ruffle; to disorder. Spenser.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum.

3. (Hawking)

Defn: To hit, as the prey, without fixing it.

RUFF; RUFFE
Ruff, Ruffe, n. Etym: [OE. ruffe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small freshwater European perch (Acerina vulgaris); -- called
also pope, blacktail, and stone, or striped, perch.

RUFFED
Ruffed, a.

Defn: Furnished with a ruff. Ruffed grouse (Zoöl.), a North American
grouse (Bonasa umbellus) common in the wooded districts of the
Northern United States. The male has a ruff of brown or black
feathers on each side of the neck, and is noted for the loud drumming
sound he makes during the breeding season. Called also tippet grouse,
partridge, birch partridge, pheasant, drummer, and white-flesher.
 -- ruffed lemur (Zoöl.), a species of lemur (lemur varius) having a
conspicuous ruff on the sides of the head. Its color is varied with
black and white. Called also ruffed maucaco.

RUFFIAN
Ruf"fian ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [F. rufien, OF. ruffen, ruffian, pimp.
libertine, ake; cf. pr. & Sp. rufian, It. ruffiano; all perhaps of
German or Dutch origin; cf. G. raufen to pluck, scuffle, fight, OD.
roffen to pander. Cf. Ruffle to grow urbulent.]

1. A pimp; a pander; also, a paramour. [Obs.]
he [her husband] is no sooner abroad than she is instantly at home,
reveling with her ruffians. Bp. Reynolds.

2. A boisterous, cruel, brutal fellow; a desperate fellow ready for
murderous or cruel deeds; a cutthroat.
Wilt thou on thy deathbed play the ruffian Shak.

RUFFIAN
Ruf"fian, a.

Defn: brutal; cruel; savagely boisterous; murderous; as, ruffian
rage.

RUFFIAN
Ruf"fian, v. i.

Defn: To play the ruffian; to rage; to raise tumult. [R.] Shak.

RUFFIANAGE
Ruf"fian*age, n.

Defn: Ruffians, collectively; a body of ruffians. "The vilest
ruffianage." Sir F. Palgrave.

RUFFIANISH
Ruf"fian*ish, a.

Defn: Having the qualities or manners of a ruffian; ruffianly.

RUFFIANLIKE
Ruf"fian*like`, a.

Defn: Ruffianly. Fulke.

RUFFIANLY
Ruf"fian*ly, a.

Defn: Like a ruffian; bold in crimes; characteristic of a ruffian;
violent; brutal.

RUFFIANOUS
Ruf"fian*ous, a.

Defn: Ruffianly. [Obs.] Chapman.

RUFFIN
Ruf"fin, a. Etym: [See Ruffian.]

Defn: Disordered. [Obs.]
His ruffin rainment all was stained with blood. Spenser.

RUFFLE
Ruf"fle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruffled; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruffling.]
Etym: [From Ruff a plaited collar, a drum beat, a tumult: cf. OD.
ruyffelen to wrinkle.]

1. To make into a ruff; to draw or contract into puckers, plaits, or
folds; to wrinkle.

2. To furnish with ruffles; as, to ruffle a shirt.

3. To oughen or disturb the surface of; to make uneven by agitation
or commotion.
The fantastic revelries . . . that so often ruffled the placid bosom
of the Nile. I. Taylor.
She smoothed the ruffled seas. Dryden.

4. To erect in a ruff, as feathers.
[the swan] ruffles her pure cold plume. Tennyson.

5. (Mil.)

Defn: To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum.

6. To discompose; to agitate; to disturb.
These ruffle the tranquillity of the mind. Sir W. Hamilton.
But, ever after, the small violence done Rankled in him and ruffled
all his heart. Tennyson.

7. To throw into disorder or confusion.
Where best He might the ruffled foe infest. Hudibras.

8. To throw together in a disorderly manner. [R.]
I ruffled up falen leaves in heap. Chapman
To ruffle the feathers of, to exite the resentment of; to irritate.

RUFFLE
Ruf"fle, v. i. Etym: [Perhaps of different origin from ruffle to
wrinkle; cf. OD. roffeln, roffen, to pander, LG. raffein, Dan. ruffer
a pimp. Cf. Rufflan.]

1. To grow rough, boisterous, or turbulent. [R.]
The night comes on, and the bleak winds Do sorely ruffle. Shak.

2. To become disordered; to play loosely; to flutter.
On his right shoulder his thick mane reclined, Ruffles at speed, and
dances in the wind. Dryden.

3. To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence, to put on airs;
to swagger.
They would ruffle with jurors. Bacon.
Gallants who ruffled in silk and embroidery. Sir W. Scott.

RUFFLE
Ruf"fle, n. Etym: [See Ruffle, v. t. & i.]

1. That which is ruffled; specifically, a strip of lace, cambric, or
other fine cloth, plaited or gathered on one edge or in the middle,
and used as a trimming; a frill.

2. A state of being ruffled or disturbed; disturbance; agitation;
commotion; as, to put the mind in a ruffle.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a roll; --
called also ruff. H. L. Scott.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The connected series of large egg capsules, or oöthecæ, of any
one of several species of American marine gastropods of the genus
Fulgur. See Oötheca. Ruffle of a boot, the top turned down, and
scalloped or plaited. Halliwell.

RUFFLELESS
Ruf"fle*less, a.

Defn: Having no ruffle.

RUFFLEMENT
Ruf"fle*ment, n.

Defn: The act of ruffling. [R.]

RUFFLER
Ruf"fler, n.

1. One who ruffles; a swaggerer; a bully; a ruffian.
Assaults, if not murders, done at his own doors by that crew of
rufflers. Milton.

2. That which ruffles; specifically, a sewing machine attachment for
making ruffles.

RUFIGALLIC
Ru`fi*gal"lic, a. Etym: [Rufiopin + gallic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid which is obtained from
gallic acid as a brown or red crystalline substance, and is related
to rufiopin and anthracene.

RUFIOPIN
Ru`fi*o"pin, n. Etym: [L. rufus reddish + opianic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellowish red crystalline substance related to anthracene,
and obtained from opianic acid.

RUFOL
Ru"fol, n. Etym: [L. rufus reddish + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A phenol derivative of anthracene obtained as a white
crystalline substance, which on oxidation produces a red dyestuff
related to anthraquinone.

RUFOUS
Ru"fous, a. Etym: [L. rufus.]

Defn: Reddish; of a yellowish red or brownish red color; tawny.

RUFT
Ruft, n. (Med.)

Defn: Eructation; belching. [Obs.]

RUFTERHOOD
Ruf"ter*hood, n. Etym: [Cf. Ruff a plaited collar.] (Falconry)

Defn: A kind of hood for a hawk.

RUG
Rug, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. rugg entanglend hair, ruggig rugged, shaggy,
probably akin to E. rough. See Rough, a.]

1. A kind of coarse, heavy frieze, formerly used for garments.
They spin the choicest rug in Ireland. A friend of mine . . .
repaired to Paris Garden clad in one of these Waterford rugs. The
mastiffs, . . . deeming he had been a bear, would fain have baited
him. Holinshed.

2. A piece of thick, nappy fabric, commonly made of wool, -- used for
various purposes, as for covering and ornamenting part of a bare
floor, for hanging in a doorway as a potière, for protecting a
portion of carpet, for a wrap to protect the legs from cold, etc.

3. A rough, woolly, or shaggy dog. Rug gown, a gown made of rug, of
or coarse, shaggy cloth. B. Johnson.

RUG
Rug, v. t.

Defn: To pull roughly or hastily; to plunder; to spoil; to tear.
[Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

RUGA
Ru"ga, n.; pl. Rugæ. Etym: [L.] (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: A wrinkle; a fold; as, the rugæ of the stomach.

RUGATE
Ru"gate, a. Etym: [L. rugatus, p.p. of rugare to wrinkle, fr. ruga a
wrinkle.]

Defn: Having alternate ridges and depressions; wrinkled. Dana.

RUGGED
Rug"ged, a. Etym: [See Rug, n.]

1. Full of asperities on the surface; broken into sharp or irregular
points, or otherwise uneven; not smooth; rough; as, a rugged
mountain; a rugged road.
The rugged bark of some broad elm. Milton.

2. Not neat or regular; uneven.
His well-proportioned beard made rough and rugged. Shak.

3. Rough with bristles or hair; shaggy. "The rugged Russian bear."
Shak.

4. Harsh; hard; crabbed; austere; -- said of temper, character, and
the like, or of persons.
Neither melt nor endear him, but leave him as hard, rugged, and
unconcerned as ever. South.

5. Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous; rude. Milton.

6. Rough to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of sound, style, and the
like.
Through the harsh cadence of a rugged line. Dryden.

7. Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled; -- said of looks, etc. "Sleek
o'er your rugged looks." Shak.

8. Violent; rude; boisterrous; -- said of conduct, manners, etc.

9. Vigorous; robust; hardy; -- said of health, physique, etc.
[Colloq. U.S.]

Syn.
 -- Rough; uneven; wrinkled; cragged; coarse; rude; harsh; hard;
crabbed; severe; austere; surly; sour; frowning; violent; boisterous;
tumultuous; turbulent; stormy; tempestuous; inclement.
 -- Rug"ged*ly, adv.
 -- Rug"ged*ness, n.

RUGGING
Rug"ging, n.

Defn: A coarse kind of woolen cloth, used for wrapping, blanketing,
etc.

RUG-GOWNED
Rug"-gowned, a.

Defn: Wearing a coarse gown or shaggy garment made of rug. Beau. &
Fl.

RUGGY
Rug"gy, a.

Defn: Rugged; rough. [Obs.] "With ruggy, ashy hairs." Chaucer.

RUG-HEADED
Rug"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having shaggy hair; shock-headed. [Obs.]
Those rough rug-headed kerns. Shak.

RUGIN
Rug"in, n.

Defn: A nappy cloth. [Obs.] Wiseman.

RUGINE
Ru"gine, n. Etym: [F.] (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for scraping the periosteum from bones; a
raspatory.

RUGINE
Ru"gine, v. t. Etym: [F. ruginer to scrape.]

Defn: To scrape or rasp, as a bone; to scale. [R.] Wiseman.

RUGOSA
Ru*go"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Rugose.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct tribe of fossil corals, including numerous species,
many of them of large size. They are characteristic of the Paleozoic
formations. The radiating septs, when present, are usually in
multiples of four. See Cyathophylloid.

RUGOSE
Ru*gose", a. Etym: [L. rugosus, r. ruga a wrinkle.]

Defn: Wrinkled; full of wrinkles; specifically (Bot.), having the
veinlets sunken and the spaces between them elevated, as the leaves
of the sage and horehound.

RUGOSITY
Ru*gos"i*ty, n. Etym: [l. rugositas: cf. F. rugosité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being rugose.

RUGOUS
Ru"gous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rugueux.]

Defn: Wrinkled; rugose.

RUGULOSE
Ru`gu*lose", a.

Defn: Somewhat rugose.

RUHMKORFF'S COIL
Ruhm"korff's coil`. Etym: [So called from its inventor, Ruhmkorff, a
german physicist.] (Elec.)

Defn: See Induction coil, under Induction.

RUIN
Ru"in, n. Etym: [OE. ruine, F. ruine, fr. L. ruina, fr. ruere, rutum,
to fall with violence, to rush or tumble down.]

1. The act of falling or tumbling down; fall. [Obs.] "His ruin
startled the other steeds." Chapman.

2. Such a change of anything as destroys it, or entirely defeats its
object, or unfits it for use; destruction; overthrow; as, the ruin of
a ship or an army; the ruin of a constitution or a government; the
ruin of health or hopes. "Ruin seize thee, ruthless king!" Gray.

3. That which is fallen down and become worthless from injury or
decay; as, his mind is a ruin; especially, in the plural, the remains
of a destroyed, dilapidated, or desolate house, fortress, city, or
the like.
The Veian and the Gabian towers shall fall, And one promiscuous ruin
cover all; Nor, after length of years, a stone betray The place where
once the very ruins lay. Addison.
The labor of a day will not build up a virtuous habit on the ruins of
an old and vicious character. Buckminster.

4. The state of being dcayed, or of having become ruined or
worthless; as, to be in ruins; to go to ruin.

5. That which promotes injury, decay, or destruction.
The errors of young men are the ruin of business. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Destruction; downfall; perdition; fall; overthrow; subversion;
defeat; bane; pest; mischief.

RUIN
Ru"in, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruined;p. pr. & vb. n. Ruining.] Etym:
[Cf. F. ruiner, LL. ruinare. See Ruin, n.]

Defn: To bring to ruin; to cause to fall to pieces and decay; to make
to perish; to bring to destruction; to bring to poverty or
bankruptcy; to impair seriously; to damage essentially; to overthrow.
this mortal house I'll ruin. Shak.
By thee raised, I ruin all my foes. Milton.
The eyes of other people are the eyes that ruin us. Franklin.
By the fireside there are old men seated, Seeling ruined cities in
the ashes. Longfellow.

RUIN
Ru"in, v. i.

Defn: To fall to ruins; to go to ruin; to become decayed or
dilapidated; to perish. [R.]
Though he his house of polished marble build, Yet shall it ruin like
the moth's frail cell. Sandys.
If we are idle, and disturb the industrious in their business, we
shall ruin the faster. Locke.

RUINABLE
Ru"in*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being ruined.

RUINATE
Ru"in*ate, v. t. Etym: [LL. ruinatus, p.p. of ruinare to ruin. See
Ruin.]

1. To demolish; to subvert; to destroy; to reduce to poverty; to
ruin.
I will not ruinate my fShak.
Ruinating thereby the health of their bodies. Burton.

2. To cause to fall; to cast down.
On the other side they saw that perilous rock Threatening itself on
them to ruinate. Spenser.

RUINATE
Ru"in*ate, v. i.

Defn: To fall; to tumble. [Obs.]

RUINATE
Ru"in*ate, a. Etym: [L. ruinatus, p.p.]

Defn: Involved in ruin; ruined.
My brother Edward lives in pomp and state, I in a mansion here all
ruinate. J. Webster.

RUINATION
Ru`in*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. ruinatio.]

Defn: The act of ruining, or the state of being ruined.

RUINER
Ru"in*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, ruins.

RUINIFORM
Ru"in*i*form, a. Etym: [Ruin + -form: cf. F. ruiniforme.]

Defn: Having the appearance of ruins, or of the ruins of houses; --
said of certain minerals.

RUINOUS
Ru"in*ous, a. Etym: [L. ruinosus: cf. F. ruineux. See Ruin.]

1. Causing, or tending to cause, ruin; destructive; baneful;
pernicious; as, a ruinous project.
After a night of storm so ruinous. Milton.

2. Characterized by ruin; ruined; dilapidated; as, an edifice,
bridge, or wall in a ruinous state.

3. Composed of, or consisting in, ruins.
Behold, Damascus . . . shall be a ruinous heap. Isa. xvii. 1.

Syn.
 -- Dilapidated; decayed; demolished; pernicious; destructive;
baneful; wasteful; mischievous.
 -- Ru"in*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Ru"in*ous*ness, n.

RUKH
Rukh, n. Etym: [Srr Roc.]

1. The roc.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large bird, supposed by some to be the same as the extinct
Epiornis of Madagascar. [Obs.]

RULABLE
Rul"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be ruled; subject to rule; accordant or conformable to
rule. Bacon.

RULE
Rule, n. Etym: [OE. reule, riule, OF. riule, reule, F. régle, fr. L.
regula a ruler, rule, model, fr. regere, rectum, to lead straight, to
direct. See Right, a., and cf. Regular.]

1. That which is prescribed or laid down as a guide for conduct or
action; a governing direction for a specific purpose; an
authoritative enactment; a regulation; a prescription; a precept; as,
the rules of various societies; the rules governing a school; a rule
of etiquette or propriety; the rules of cricket.
We profess to have embraced a religion which contains the most exact
rules for the government of our lives. Tillotson.

2. Hence:
(a) Uniform or established course of things.
'T is against the rule of nature. Shak.

(b) Systematic method or practice; as, my ule is to rise at six
o'clock.
(c) Ordibary course of procedure; usual way; comon state or condition
of things; as, it is a rule to which there are many exeptions.
(d) Conduct in general; behavior. [Obs.]
This uncivil rule; she shall know of it. Shak.

3. The act of ruling; administration of law; government; empire;
authority; control.
Obey them that have the rule over you. Heb. xiii. 17.
His stern rule the groaning land obeyed. Pope.

4. (Law)

Defn: An order regulating the practice of the courts, or an order
made between parties to an action or a suit. Wharton.

5. (Math.)

Defn: A determinate method prescribed for performing any operation
and producing a certain result; as, a rule for extracting the cube
root.

6. (Gram.)

Defn: A general principle concerning the formation or use of words,
or a concise statement thereof; thus, it is a rule in England, that s
or es , added to a noun in the singular number, forms the plural of
that noun; but "man" forms its plural "men", and is an exception to
the rule.

7.
(a) A straight strip of wood, metal, or the like, which serves as a
guide in drawing a straight line; a ruler.
(b) A measuring instrument consisting of a graduated bar of wood,
ivory, metal, or the like, which is usually marked so as to show
inches and fractions of an inch, and jointed so that it may be folded
compactly.
A judicious artist will use his eye, but he will trust only to his
rule. South.

8. (Print.)
(a) A thin plate of metal (usually brass) of the same height as the
type, and used for printing lines, as between columns on the same
page, or in tabular work.
(b) A composing rule. See under Conposing. As a rule, as a general
thing; in the main; usually; as, he behaves well, as a rule.
 -- Board rule, Caliber rule,etc. See under Board, Caliber, etc.
 -- Rule joint, a knuckle joint having shoulders that abut when the
connected pieces come in line with each other, and thus permit
folding in one direction only.
 -- Rule of three (Arith.), that rule which directs, when three terms
are given, how to find a fourth, which shall have the same ratio to
the third term as the second has to the first; proportion. See
Proportion, 5 (b).
 -- Rule of thumb, any rude process or operation, like that of using
the thumb as a rule in measuring; hence, judgment and practical
experience as distinguished from scientific knowledge.

Syn.
 -- regulation; law; precept; maxim; guide; canon; order; method;
direction; control; government; sway; empire.

RULE
Rule, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruled; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruling.] Etym: [Cf.
OF. riuler, ruiler, L. regulare. See Rule, n., and cf. Regulate.]

1. To control the will and actions of; to exercise authority or
dominion over; to govern; to manage. Chaucer.
A bishop then must be blameless; . . . one that ruleth well his own
house, having his children in subjection. 1 Tim. iii. 2, 4.

2. To control or direct by influence, counsel, or persuasion; to
guide; -- used chiefly in the passive.
I think she will be ruled In all respects by me. Shak.

3. To establish or settle by, or as by, a rule; to fix by universal
or general consent, or by common practice.
That's are ruled case with the schoolmen. Atterbury.

4. (Law)

Defn: To require or command by rule; to give as a direction or order
of court.

5. To mark with lines made with a pen, pencil, etc., guided by a rule
or ruler; to print or mark with lines by means of a rule or other
contrivance effecting a similar result; as, to rule a sheet of paper
of a blank book. Ruled surface (Geom.), any surface that may be
described by a straight line moving according to a given law; --
called also a scroll.

RULE
Rule, v. i.

1. To have power or command; to exercise supreme authority; -- often
followed by over.
By me princes rule, and nobles. Prov. viii. 16.
We subdue and rule over all other creatures. Ray.

2. (Law)

Defn: To lay down and settle a rule or order of court; to decide an
incidental point; to enter a rule. Burril. Bouvier.

3. (Com.)

Defn: To keep within a (certain) range for a time; to be in general,
or as a rule; as, prices ruled lower yesterday than the day before.

RULELESS
Rule"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of rule; lawless. Spenser.

RULE-MONGER
Rule"-mon`ger, n.

Defn: A stickler for rules; a slave of rules [R.] Hare.

RULER
Rul"er, n.

1. One who rules; one who exercises sway or authority; a governor.
And he made him ruler over all the land. Gen. xii. 43.
A prince and ruler of the land. Shak.

2. A straight or curved strip of wood, metal, etc., with a smooth
edge, used for guiding a pen or pencil in drawing lines. Cf. Rule,
n., 7 (a). Parallel ruler. See under Parallel.

RULING
Rul"ing, a.

1. Predominant; chief; reigning; controlling; as, a ruling passion; a
ruling sovereign.

2. Used in marking or engraving lines; as, a ruling machine or pen.

Syn.
 -- Predominant; chief; controlling; directing; guilding; governing;
prevailing; prevalent.

RULING
Rul"ing, n.

1. The act of one who rules; ruled lines.

2. (Law)

Defn: A decision or rule of a judge or a court, especially an oral
decision, as in excluding evidence.

RULINGLY
Rul"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a ruling manner; so as to rule.

RULLICHIES
Rul"li*chies, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. D. rolletje alittle roll.]

Defn: Chopped meat stuffed into small bags of tripe. They are cut in
slices and fried. [Local, New York]

RULY
Rul"y, a. Etym: [From Rule.]

Defn: orderly; easily restrained; -- opposed to Ant: unruly. [Obs.]
Gascoigne.

RUM
Rum, n. Etym: [probably shortened from prov. E. rumbullion a great
tumult, formerly applied in the island of Barbadoes to an
intoxicating liquor.]

Defn: A kind of intoxicating liquor distilled from cane juice, or
from the scumming of the boiled juice, or from treacle or molasses,
or from the lees of former distillations. Also, sometimes used
colloquially as a generic or a collective name for intoxicating
liquor. Rum bud, a grog blossom. [Colloq.] -- Rum shrub, a drink
composed of rum, water, sugar, and lime juice or lemon juice, with
some flavoring extract.

RUM
Rum, a. Etym: [Formerly rome, a slang word for good; possibly of
Gypsy origin; cf. Gypsy rom a husband, a gypsy.]

Defn: Old-fashioned; queer; odd; as, a rum idea; a rum fellow.
[Slang] Dickens.

RUM
Rum, n.

Defn: A queer or odd person or thing; a country parson. [Slang, Obs.]
Swift.

RUMBLE
Rum"ble, v. i. Etym: [OE. romblen, akin to D. rommeln, G. rumpeln,
Dan. rumle; cf. Icel. rumja to roar.]

1. To make a low, heavy, continued sound; as, the thunder rumbles at
a distance.
In the mean while the skies 'gan rumble sore. Surrey.
The people cried and rombled up and down. Chaucer.

2. To murmur; to ripple.
To rumble gently down with murmur soft. Spenser.

RUMBLE
Rum"ble, n.

1. A noisy report; rumor. [Obs.]
Delighting ever in rumble that is new. Chaucer.

2. A low, heavy, continuous sound like that made by heavy wagons or
the reverberation of thunder; a confused noise; as, the rumble of a
railboard train.
Clamor and rumble, and ringing and clatter. tennyson.
Merged in the rumble of awakening day. H. James.

3. A seat for servants, behind the body of a carriage.
Kit, well wrapped, . . . was in the rumble behind. Dickens.

4. A rotating cask or box in which small articles are smoothed or
poliched by friction against each other. rumble seat, a seat in the
rear of an automobile, outside the passenger cabin, which folds out
from the body

RUMBLE
Rum"ble, v. t.

Defn: To cause to pass through a rumble, or shaking machine. See
Rumble, n., 4.

RUMBLER
Rum"bler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, rumbles.

RUMBLING
Rum"bling,

Defn: a. & n. from Rumble, v. i.

RUMBLINGLY
Rum"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rumbling manner.

RUMBO
Rum"bo, n.

Defn: grog. [Obs.] Sir W. Scott.

RUMBOWLINE
Rum*bow"line, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Same as Rombowline.

RUMEN
Ru"men, n. Etym: [L. rumen, -inis, the throat.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The first stomach of ruminants; the paunch; the fardingbag. See
Illust. below.

2. The cud of a ruminant.

RUMICIN
Ru"mi*cin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance found in the root of yellow dock
(Rumex crispus) and identical with chrysophanic acid.

RUMINAL
Rumi*nal, a. Etym: [L. ruminalis.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Ruminant; ruminating. [R.]

RUMINANT
Ru"mi*nant, a. Etym: [L. ruminans, -antis, p.pr.: cf. F. ruminant.
See Ruminate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Chewing the cud; characterized by chewing again what has been
swallowed; of or pertaining to the Ruminantia.

RUMINANT
Ru"mi*nant, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A ruminant animal; one of the Ruminantia.

RUMINANTIA
Ru`mi*nan"ti*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Artiodactyla having four stomachs. This division
includes the camels, deer, antelopes, goats, sheep, neat cattle, and
allies.

Note: The vegetable food, after the first mastication, enters the
first stomach (r). It afterwards passes into the second (n), where it
is moistened, and formed into pellets which the animal has the power
of bringing back to the mouth to be chewed again, after which it is
swallowed into the third stomach (m), whence it passes to the fourth
(s), where it is finally digested.

RUMINANTLY
Ru"mi*nant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a ruminant manner; by ruminating, or chewing the cud.

RUMINATE
Ru"mi*nate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ruminated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ruminating.] Etym: [L. ruminatus, p.p. of ruminari, ruminare, fr.
rumen, -inis, throat, akin to ructare to belch, erugere to belch out,
Gr. roccettan.]

1. To chew the cud; to chew again what has been slightly chewed and
swallowed. "Cattle free to ruminate." Wordsworth.

2. Fig.: To think again and again; to muse; to meditate; to ponder;
to reflect. Cowper.
Apart from the hope of the gospel, who is there that ruminates on the
felicity of heaven I. Taylor.

RUMINATE
Ru"mi*nate, v. t.

1. To chew over again.

2. Fig.: To meditate or ponder over; to muse on.
Mad with desire, she ruminates her sin. Dryden.
What I know Is ruminated, plotted, and set down. Shak.

RUMINATE; RUMINATED
Ru"mi*nate, Ru"mi*na`ted, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a hard albumen penetrated by irregular channels filled
with softer matter, as the nutmeg and the seeds of the North American
papaw.

RUMINATION
Ru`mi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. ruminatio: cf. F. rumination.]

1. The act or process of ruminating, or chewing the cud; the habit of
chewing the cud.
Rumination is given to animals to enable them at once to lay up a
great store of food, and afterward to chew it. Arbuthnot.

2. The state of being disposed to ruminate or ponder; deliberate
meditation or reflection.
Retiring full of rumination sad. Thomson.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: The regurgitation of food from the stomach after it has been
swallowed, -- occasionally oberved as a morbid phenomenon in man.

RUMINATIVE
Ru"mi*na*tive, a.

Defn: Inclined to, or engaged in, rumination or meditation.

RUMINATOR
Ru"mi*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who ruminates or muses; a meditator.

RUMKIN
Rum"kin, n. Etym: [Cf. Rummer, and see -kin.]

Defn: A popular or jocular name for a drinking vessel. [Obs.]

RUMMAGE
Rum"mage (; 48), n. Etym: [For roomage, fr. room; hence originally, a
making room, a packing away closely. See Room.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A place or room for the stowage of cargo in a ship; also, the
act of stowing cargo; the pulling and moving about of packages
incident to close stowage; -- formerly written romage. [Obs.]

2. A searching carefully by looking into every corner, and by turning
things over.
He has such a general rummage and reform in the office of matrimony.
Walpole.
Rummage sale, a clearance sale of unclaimed goods in a public store,
or of odds and ends which have accumulated in a shop. Simmonds.

RUMMAGE
Rum"mage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rummaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Rummaging.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: To make room in, as a ship, for the cargo; to move about, as
packages, ballast, so as to permit close stowage; to stow closely; to
pack; -- formerly written roomage, and romage. [Obs.]
They night bring away a great deal more than they do, if they would
take pain in the romaging. Hakluyt.

2. To search or examine thoroughly by looking into every corner, and
turning over or removing goods or other things; to examine, as a
book, carefully, turning over leaf after leaf.
He . . . searcheth his pockets, and taketh his keys, and so rummageth
all his closets and trunks. Howell.
What schoolboy of us has not rummaged his Greek dictionary in vain
for a satisfactory account! M. Arnold.

RUMMAGE
Rum"mage, v. i.

Defn: To search a place narrowly.
I have often rummaged for old books in Little Britain and Duck Lane.
Swift.
[His house] was haunted with a jolly ghost, that . . . . . . rummaged
like a rat. Tennyson.

RUMMAGER
Rum"ma*ger, n.

1. One who rummages.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A person on shipboard whose business was to take charge of
stowing the cargo; -- formerly written roomager, and romager. [Obs.]
The master must provide a perfect mariner, called a romager, to range
and bestow all merchandise. Hakluyt
.

RUMMER
Rum"mer (, n. Etym: [D. roemer, romer, akin to G. römer, Sw. remmare;
perhaps properly, Roman.]

Defn: A large and tall glass, or drinking cup. [Obs.] J. Philips.

RUMMY
Rum"my, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to rum; characteristic of rum; as a rummy
flavor.

RUMMY
Rum"my, n.; pl. Rummies (.

Defn: One who drinks rum; an habitually intemperate person. [Low]

RUMMY
Rum"my, a. Etym: [See Rum, a.]

Defn: Strange; odd. [Slang]

RUMNEY
Rum"ney, n.

Defn: A sort of Spanish wine. [Obs.]

RUMOR
Ru"mor, n. Etym: [F. rumeur, L. rumor; cf. rumificare, rumitare to
rumor, Skr. ru to cry.] [Written also rumour.]

1. A flying or popular report; the common talk; hence, public fame;
notoriety.
This rumor of him went forth throughout all Judea, and throughout all
the region round about. Luke vii. 17.
Great is the rumor of this dreadful knight. Shak.

2. A current story passing from one person to another, without any
known authority for its truth; -- in this sense often personified.
Rumor next, and Chance, And Tumult, and Confusion, all embroiled.
Milton.

3. A prolonged; indistinct noise. [Obs.] Shak.

RUMOR
Ru"mor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rumored; p. pr. & vb. n. Rumoring.]

Defn: To report by rumor; to tell.
'T was rumored My father 'scaped from out the citadel. Dryden.

RUMORER
Ru"mor*er, n.

Defn: A teller of news; especially, one who spreads false reports.
Shak.

RUMOROUS
Ru"mor*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. rumoreux, It. rumoroso, romoroso.]

1. Of or pertaining to a rumor; of the nature of rumors. [Obs.] Sir
H. Wotton.

2. Famous; notorious. [Obs.] Bale.

3. Murmuring. [Obs. or Poetic] Drayton.

RUMP
Rump, n. Etym: [OE. rumpe; akin to D. romp trunk, body, LG. rump, G.
rumpf, Dan. rumpe rump, Icel. rumpr, Sw. rumpa rump, tail.]

1. The end of the backbone of an animal, with the parts adjacent; the
buttock or buttoks.

2. Among butchers, the piece of beef betwen the sirloin and the
aitchbone piece. See Illust. of Beef.

3. Fig.: The hind or tail end; a fag-end; a remnant. Rump Parliament,
or The Rump (Eng. Hist.), the remnant of the Long Parliament after
the expulsion by Cromwell in 1648 of those who opposed his purposes.
It was dissolved by Cromwell in 1653, but twice revived for brief
sessions, ending finally in 1659.
The rump abolished the House of Lords, the army abolished the Rump,
and by this army of saints Cromwell governed. Swift.
-- Rump steak, a beefsteak from the rump. Goldsmith.

RUMPER
Rump"er, n.

Defn: A member or a supporter of the Rump Parliament. I. Disraeli.

RUMP-FED
Rump"-fed, a.

Defn: A Shakespearean word of uncertain meaning. Perhaps "fattened in
the rump, pampered." "The rump-fed ronyon."

RUMPLE
Rum"ple, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Rumpled p. pr. & vb. n. Rumpling
(.] Etym: [Cf. rimple, and D. rimpelen to wrinkle, rompelig rough,
uneven, G. rümpgen to wrinkle, MHG. rümphen, OHG. rimpfan, Gr.
"ra`mfos the crooked beak of birds of prey,

Defn: To make uneven; to form into irregular inequalities; to
wrinkle; to crumple; as, to rumple an apron or a cravat.
They would not give a dog's ear of their most rumpled and ragged
Scoth paper for twenty of your fairest assignats. Burke.

RUMPLE
Rum"ple, n.

Defn: A fold or plait; a wrinkle. Dryden.

RUMPLED
Rum"pled, a.

Defn: Wrinkled; crumpled. Pope.

RUMPLESS
Rump"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a rump.

RUMPLY
Rum"ply, a.

Defn: Rumpled. Carlyle.

RUMPUS
Rum"pus, n.

Defn: A disturbance; noise and confusion; a quarrel. [Colloq.]

RUMSELLER
Rum"sell`er, n.

Defn: One who sells rum; one who deals in intoxicating liquors;
especially, one who sells spirituous beverages at retail.

RUN
Run, v. i. [imp. Ran or Run; p. p. Run; p. pr. & vb. n. Running.]
Etym: [OE. rinnen, rennen (imp. ran, p.p. runnen, ronnen). AS. rinnan
to flow (imp. ran, p.p. gerunnen), and iernan, irnan, to run (imp.
orn, arn, earn, p.p. urnen); akin to D. runnen, renne, OS. & OHG.
rinnan, G. rinnen, rennen, Icel. renna, rinna, Sw. rinna, ränna, Dan.
rinde, rende, Goth. rinnan, and perh. to L. oriri to rise, Gr.
Origin), or perh. to L. rivus brook (cf. Rival). *11. Cf. Ember, a.,
Rennet.]

1. To move, proceed, advance, pass, go, come, etc., swiftly,
smoothly, or with quick action; -- said of things animate or
inanimate. Hence, to flow, glide, or roll onward, as a stream, a
snake, a wagon, etc.; to move by quicker action than in walking, as a
person, a horse, a dog. Specifically: --

2. Of voluntary or personal action:
(a) To go swiftly; to pass at a swift pace; to hasten.
"Ha, ha, the fox!" and after him they ran. Chaucer.

(b) To flee, as from fear or danger.
As from a bear a man would run for life. Shak.

(c) To steal off; to depart secretly.
My conscience will serve me to run from this jew. Shak.

(d) To contend in a race; hence, to enter into a contest; to become a
candidate; as, to run for Congress.
Know ye not that they which run in a race run all, but one receiveth
the prize So run, that ye may obtain. 1 Cor. ix. 24.

(e) To pass from one state or condition to another; to come into a
certain condition; -- often with in or into; as, to run into evil
practices; to run in debt.
Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast, to rend my heart with
grief and run distracted Addison.

(f) To exert continuous activity; to proceed; as, to run through
life; to run in a circle.
(g) To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation; as, to run from
one subject to another.
Virgil, in his first Georgic, has run into a set of precepts foreign
to his subject. Addison.

(h) To discuss; to continue to think or speak about something; --
with on.
(i) To make numerous drafts or demands for payment, as upon a bank; -
- with on.
(j) To creep, as serpents.

3. Of involuntary motion:
(a) To flow, as a liquid; to ascend or descend; to course; as, rivers
run to the sea; sap runs up in the spring; her blood ran cold.
(b) To proceed along a surface; to extend; to spread.
The fire ran along upon the ground. Ex. ix. 23.

(c) To become fluid; to melt; to fuse.
As wax dissolves, as ice begins to run. Addison.
Sussex iron ores run freely in the fire. Woodward.

(d) To turn, as a wheel; to revolve on an axis or pivot; as, a wheel
runs swiftly round.
(e) To travel; to make progress; to be moved by mechanical means; to
go; as, the steamboat runs regularly to Albany; the train runs to
Chicago.
(f) To extend; to reach; as, the road runs from Philadelphia to New
York; the memory of man runneth not the contrary.
She saw with joy the line immortal run, Each sire impressed, and
glaring in his son. Pope.

(g) To go back and forth from place to place; to ply; as, the stage
runs between the hotel and the station.
(h) To make progress; to proceed; to pass.
As fast as our time runs, we should be very glad in most part of our
lives that it ran much faster. Addison.

(i) To continue in operation; to be kept in action or motion; as,
this engine runs night and day; the mill runs six days in the week.
When we desire anything, our minds run wholly on the good
circumstances of it; when it is obtained, our minds run wholly on the
bad ones. Swift.

(j) To have a course or direction; as, a line runs east and west.
Where the generally allowed practice runs counter to it. Locke.
Little is the wisdom, where the flight So runs against all reason.
Shak.

(k) To be in form thus, as a combination of words.
The king's ordinary style runneth, "Our sovereign lord the king." Bp.
Sanderson.

(l) To be popularly known; to be generally received.
Men gave them their own names, by which they run a great while in
Rome. Sir W. Temple.
Neither was he ignorant what report ran of himself. Knolle

(m) To have growth or development; as, boys and girls run up rapidly.
if the richness of the ground cause turnips to run to leaves.
Mortimer.

(n) To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline.
A man's nature runs either to herbs or weeds. Bacon.
Temperate climates run into moderate governments. Swift.

(o) To spread and blend together; to unite; as, colors run in
washing.
In the middle of a rainbow the colors are . . . distinguished, but
near the borders they run into one another. I. Watts.

(p) To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force,
effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company; as, certain
covenants run with the land.
Customs run only upon our goods imported or exported, and that but
once for all; whereas interest runs as well upon our ships as goods,
and must be yearly paid. Sir J. Child.

(q) To continue without falling due; to hold good; as, a note has
thirty days to run.
(r) To discharge pus or other matter; as, an ulcer runs.
(s) To be played on the stage a number of successive days or nights;
as, the piece ran for six months.
(t) (Naut.) To sail before the wind, in distinction from reaching or
sailing closehauled; -- said of vessels.

4. Specifically, of horse: To move rapidly in a gait in which each
leg acts in turn as a propeller and a supporter, and in which for an
instant all the limbs are gathered in the air under the body.
Stillman (The Horse in Motion).

5. (Athletics)

Defn: To move rapidly by springing steps so that there is an instant
in each step when neither foot touches the ground; -- so
distinguished from walking in athletic competition. As thing run,
according to the usual order, conditions, quality, etc.; on the
average; without selection or specification.
 -- To let run (Naut.), to allow to pass or move freely; to slacken
or loosen.
 -- To run after, to pursue or follow; to search for; to endeavor to
find or obtain; as to run after similies. Locke.
 -- To run away, to flee; to escape; to elope; to run without control
or guidance.
 -- To run away with. (a) To convey away hurriedly; to accompany in
escape or elopement. (b) To drag rapidly and with violence; as, a
horse runs away with a carriage.
 -- To run down. (a) To cease to work or operate on account of the
exhaustion of the motive power; -- said of clocks, watches, etc. (b)
To decline in condition; as, to run down in health.
 -- To run down a coast, to sail along it.
 -- To run for an office, to stand as a candidate for an office.
 -- To run in or into. (a) To enter; to step in. (b) To come in
collision with.
 -- To run in trust, to run in debt; to get credit. [Obs.] -- To run
in with. (a) To close; to comply; to agree with. [R.] T. Baker. (b)
(Naut.) To make toward; to near; to sail close to; as, to run in with
the land.
 -- To run mad, To run mad after or on. See under Mad.
 -- To run on. (a) To be continued; as, their accounts had run on for
a year or two without a settlement. (b) To talk incessantly. (c) To
continue a course. (d) To press with jokes or ridicule; to abuse with
sarcasm; to bear hard on. (e) (Print.) To be continued in the same
lines, without making a break or beginning a new paragraph.
 -- To run out. (a) To come to an end; to expire; as, the lease runs
out Michaelmas. (b) To extend; to spread. "Insectile animals . . .
run all out into legs." Hammond. (c) To expatiate; as, to run out
into beautiful digressions. (d) To be wasted or exhausted; to become
poor; to become extinct; as, an estate managed without economy will
soon run out.
And had her stock been less, no doubt She must have long ago run out.
Dryden.
-- To run over. (a) To overflow; as, a cup runs over, or the liquor
runs over. (b) To go over, examine, or rehearse cursorily. (c) To
ride or drive over; as, to run over a child.
 -- To run riot, to go to excess.
 -- To run through. (a) To go through hastily; as to run through a
book. (b) To spend wastefully; as, to run through an estate.
 -- To run to seed, to expend or exhaust vitality in producing seed,
as a plant; figuratively and colloquially, to cease growing; to lose
vital force, as the body or mind.
 -- To run up, to rise; to swell; to grow; to increase; as, accounts
of goods credited run up very fast.
But these, having been untrimmed for many years, had run up into
great bushes, or rather dwarf trees. Sir W. Scott.
-- To run with. (a) To be drenched with, so that streams flow; as,
the streets ran with blood. (b) To flow while charged with some
foreign substance. "Its rivers ran with gold." J. H. Newman.

RUN
Run (, v. t.

1. To cause to run (in the various senses of Run, v. i.); as, to run
a horse; to run a stage; to run a machine; to run a rope through a
block.

2. To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation.
To run the world back to its first original. South.
I would gladly understand the formation of a soul, and run it up to
its "punctum saliens." Collier.

3. To cause to enter; to thrust; as, to run a sword into or through
the body; to run a nail into the foot.
You run your head into the lion's mouth. Sir W. Scott.
Having run his fingers through his hair. Dickens.

4. To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven.
They ran the ship aground. Acts xxvii. 41.
A talkative person runs himself upon great inconveniences by blabbing
out his own or other's secrets. Ray.
Others, accustomed to retired speculations, run natural philosophy
into metaphysical notions. Locke.

5. To fuse; to shape; to mold; to cast; as, to run bullets, and the
like.
The purest gold must be run and washed. Felton.

6. To cause to be draw; to mark out; to indicate; to determine; as,
to run a line.

7. To cause to pass, to evade, offical restrictions; to smuggle; --
said of contraband or dutiable goods.
heavy impositions . . . are a strong temptation of running goods.
Swift.

8. To go through or accomplish by running; as, to run a race; to run
a certain career.

9. To cause to stand as a candidate for office; to support for
office; as, to run some one for Congress. [Colloq. U.S.]

10. To encounter or incur, as a danger or risk; as, to run the risk
of losing one's life. See To run the chance, below. "He runneth two
dangers." Bacon.

11. To put at hazard; to venture; to risk.
He would himself be in the Highlands to receive them, and run his
fortune with them. Clarendon.

12. To discharge; to emit; to give forth copiously; to be bathed
with; as, the pipe or faucet runs hot water.
At the base of Pompey's statua, Which all the while ran blood, great
Cæsar fell. Shak.

13. To be charged with, or to contain much of, while flowing; as, the
rivers ran blood.

14. To conduct; to manage; to carry on; as, to run a factory or a
hotel. [Colloq. U.S.]

15. To tease with sarcasms and ridicule. [Colloq.]

16. To sew, as a seam, by passing the needle through material in a
continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle
at the same time.

17. To migrate or move in schools; -- said of fish; esp., to ascend a
river in order to spawn. To run a blockade, to get to, or away from,
a blockaded port in safety.
 -- To run down. (a) (Hunting) To chase till the object pursued is
captured or exhausted; as, to run down, a stag. (b) (Naut.) To run
against and sink, as a vessel. (c) To crush; to overthrow; to
overbear. "religion is run down by the license of these times."
Berkeley. (d) To disparage; to traduce. F. W. Newman.
 -- To run hard. (a) To press in competition; as, to run one hard in
a race. (b) To urge or press importunately. (c) To banter severely.
 -- To run into the ground, to carry to an absurd extreme; to overdo.
[Slang, U.S.] -- To run off, to cause to flow away, as a charge of
molten metal from a furnace.
 -- To run on (Print.), to carry on or continue, as the type for a
new sentence, without making a break or commencing a new paragraph.
 -- To run out. (a) To thrust or push out; to extend. (b) To waste;
to exhaust; as, to run out an estate. (c) (Baseball) To put out while
running between two bases.
 -- To run the chances, or one's chances, to encounter all the risks
of a certain course.
 -- To run through, to transfix; to pierce, as with a sword. "[He]
was run through the body by the man who had asked his advice."
Addison.
 -- To run up. (a) To thrust up, as anything long and slender. (b) To
increase; to enlarge by additions, as an account.run up a bill (c) To
erect hastily, as a building.

RUN
Run, n.

1. The act of running; as, a long run; a good run; a quick run; to go
on the run.

2. A small stream; a brook; a creek.

3. That which runs or flows in the course of a certain operation, or
during a certain time; as, a run of must in wine making; the first
run of sap in a maple orchard.

4. A course; a series; that which continues in a certain course or
series; as, a run of good or bad luck.
They who made their arrangements in the first run of misadventure . .
. put a seal on their calamities. Burke.

5. State of being current; currency; popularity.
it is impossible for detached papers to have a general run, or long
continuance, if not diversified with humor. Addison.

6. Continued repetition on the stage; -- said of a play; as, to have
a run of a hundred successive nights.
A canting, mawkish play . . . had an immense run. Macaulay.

7. A continuing urgent demand; especially, a pressure on a bank or
treasury for payment of its notes.

8. A range or extent of ground for feeding stock; as, a sheep run.
Howitt.

9. (Naut.)
(a) The aftermost part of a vessel's hull where it narrows toward the
stern, under the quarter
(b) The distance sailed by a ship; as, a good run; a run of fifty
miles.
(c) A voyage; as, run to China.

10. A pleasure excursion; a trip. [Colloq.]
A think of giving her a run in London. Dickens.

11. (Mining)

Defn: The horizontal distance to which a drift may be carried, either
by license of the proprietor of a mine or by the nature of the
formation; also, the direction which a vein of ore or other substance
takes.

12. (Mus.)

Defn: A roulade, or series of running tones.

13. (Mil.)

Defn: The greatest degree of swiftness in marching. It is executed
upon the same principles as the double-quick, but with greater speed.

14. The act of migrating, or ascending a river to spawn; -- said of
fish; also, an assemblage or school of fishes which migrate, or
ascend a river for the purpose of spawning.

15. In baseball, a complete circuit of the bases made by a player,
which enables him to score one; in cricket, a passing from one wicket
to the other, by which one point is scored; as, a player made three
runs; the side went out with two hundred runs.
The "runs" are made from wicket to wicket, the batsmen interchanging
ends at each run. R. A. Proctor.

16. A pair or set of millstones. At the long run, now, commonly, In
the long run, in or during the whole process or course of things
taken together; in the final result; in the end; finally.
[Man] starts the inferior of the brute animals, but he surpasses them
in the long run. J. H. Newman.
-- Home run. (a) A running or returning toward home, or to the point
from which the start was made. Cf. Home stretch. (b) (Baseball) See
under Home.
 -- The run, or The common run, etc., ordinary persons; the
generality or average of people or things; also, that which
ordinarily occurs; ordinary current, course, or kind.
I saw nothing else that is superior to the common run of parks.
Walpole.
Burns never dreamed of looking down on others as beneath him, merely
because he was conscious of his own vast superiority to the common
run of men. Prof. Wilson.
His whole appearance was something out of the common run. W. Irving.
-- To let go by the run (Naut.), to loosen and let run freely, as
lines; to let fall without restraint, as a sail.

RUN
Run, a.

1. Melted, or made from molten material; cast in a mold; as, run
butter; run iron or lead.

2. Smuggled; as, run goods. [Colloq.] Miss Edgeworth. Run steel,
malleable iron castings. See under Malleable. Raymond.

RUNAGATE
Run"a*gate, n. Etym: [F. renégat, Prov. renegat. LL. renegatus;
confused with E. run and gate a way. See Renegate.]

Defn: A fugitive; a vagabond; an apostate; a renegade. See Renegade.
Bunyan.
Wretched runagates from the jail. De Quincey.
Who has not been a runagate from duty Hare.

RUN-AROUND
Run"-a*round`, n. (Med.)

Defn: A whitlow running around the finger nail, but not affecting the
bone. [Colloq.]

RUNAWAY
Run"a*way`, n.

1. One who, or that which, flees from danger, duty, restraint, etc.;
a fugitive.
Thou runaway, thou coward, art thou fled Shak.

2. The act of running away, esp. of a horse or teams; as, there was a
runaway yesterday.

RUNAWAY
Run"a*way`, a.

1. Running away; fleeing from danger, duty, restraint, etc.; as,
runaway soldiers; a runaway horse.

2. Accomplished by running away or elopment, or during flight; as, a
runaway marriage. 3.
(a) Won by a long lead; as, a runaway victory.
(b) Very successful; accomplishing success quickly; as, a runaway
bestseller.

RUNCATION
Run*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. runcatio, fr. runcareto weed out.]

Defn: A weedling. [Obs.] Evelyn.

RUNCH
Runch, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The wild radish. Dr. Prior.

RUNCINATE
Run"ci*nate, a. Etym: [L. runcinatus, p.p. of runcinareto plane off,
fr. runcina a plane.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pinnately cut with the lobes pointing downwards, as the leaf of
the dandelion.

RUNDEL
Run"del, n. Etym: [Cf. Rindle.]

Defn: A moat with water in it; also, a small stream; a runlet. [Prov.
Eng.] Halliwell.

RUNDEL
Run"del, n. Etym: [Cf. Rundle.]

Defn: A circle. [Prov. Eng.]

RUNDLE
Run"dle, n. Etym: [E. round. Cf. Rondle.]

1. A round; a step of a ladder; a rung. Duppa.

2. A ball. [Obs.] Holland.

3. Something which rotates about an axis, as a wheel, or the drum of
a capstan. "An axis or cylinder having a rundle about it." Bp.
Wilkins.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: One of the pins or trundles of a lantern wheel.

RUNDLET
Rund"let, n. Etym: [Dim. of OF. rondele a little tun, fr. rond round.
See Round, and cf. Roundlet, Runlet.]

Defn: A small barrel of no certain dimensions. It may contain from 3
to 20 gallons, but it usually holds about 14 [Written also runlet.]

RUNE
Rune (run), n. Etym: [AS. run a rune, a secret, a mystery; akin to
Icel. run, OHG. & Goth. runa a secret, secret colloquy, G. & Dan.
rune rune, and probably to Gr. 'ereyna^n to search for. Cf. Roun to
whisper.]

1. A letter, or character, belonging to the written language of the
ancient Norsemen, or Scandinavians; in a wider sense, applied to the
letters of the ancient nations of Northern Europe in general.

Note: The Norsemen had a peculiar alphabet, consisting of sixteen
letters, or characters, called runes, the origin of which is lost in
the remotest antiquity. The signification of the word rune (mystery)
seems to allude to the fact that originally only a few were
acquainted with the use of these marks, and that they were mostly
applied to secret tricks, witchcrafts and enchantments. But the runes
were also used in communication by writing.

2. pl.

Defn: Old Norse poetry expressed in runes.
Runes were upon his tongue, As on the warrior's sword. Longfellow.
Rune stone, a stone bearing a runic inscription.

RUNER
Ru"ner, n.

Defn: A bard, or learned man, among the ancient Goths. Sir W. Temple.

RUNG
Rung,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Ring.

RUNG
Rung, n. Etym: [OE. ronge, AS. hrung, a staff, rod, pole; akin to G.
runge a short, thick piece of iron or wood, OD. ronghe a prop,
support, Icel. röng a rib in a ship, Goth. Hrugga a staff.]

1. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A floor timber in a ship.

2. One of the rounds of a ladder.

3. One of the stakes of a cart; a spar; a heavy staff.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: One of the radial handles projecting from the rim of a steering
wheel; also, one of the pins or trundles of a lantern wheel.

RUNGHEAD
Rung"head`, n. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: The upper end of a floor timber in a ship.

RUNIC
Ru"nic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a rune, to runes, or to the Norsemen; as,
runic verses; runic letters; runic names; runic rhyme. Runic staff.
See Clog almanac, under Clog.
 -- Runic wand, a willow wand bearing runes, formerly thought to have
been used by the heathen tribes of Northern Europe in magical
ceremonies.

RUNLET
Run"let, n. Etym: [Run + -let.]

Defn: A little run or stream; a streamlet; a brook.
To trace out to its marshy source every runlet that has cast in its
tiny pitcherful with the rest. Lowell.

RUNLET
Run"let, n.

Defn: Same as Rundlet. "A stoup of sack, or a runlet of canary." Sir
W. Scott.

RUNNEL
Run"nel, n. Etym: [From Run. Cf. Rundle.]

Defn: A rivulet or small brook.
Buddling rundels joined the sound. Collins.
By the very sides of the way . . . there are slow runnels, in which
one can see the minnows swimming. Masson.

RUNNER
Run"ner, n. Etym: [From Run.]

1. One who, or that which, runs; a racer.

2. A detective. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens.

3. A messenger. Swift.

4. A smuggler. [Colloq.] R. North.

5. One employed to solicit patronage, as for a steamboat, hotel,
shop, etc. [Cant, U.S.]

6. (Bot.)

Defn: A slender trailing branch which takes root at the joints or end
and there forms new plants, as in the strawberry and the common
cinquefoil.

7. The rotating stone of a set of millstones.

8. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope through a block and used to increase the mechanical
power of a tackle. Totten.

9. One of the pieces on which a sled or sleigh slides; also the part
or blade of a skate which slides on the ice.

10. (Founding)
(a) A horizontal channel in a mold, through which the metal flows to
the cavity formed by the pattern; also, the waste metal left in such
a channel.
(b) A trough or channel for leading molten metal from a furnace to a
ladle, mold, or pig bed.

11. The movable piece to which the ribs of an umbrella are attached.

12. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A food fish (Elagatis pinnulatis) of Florida and the West
Indies; -- called also skipjack, shoemaker, and yellowtail. The name
alludes to its rapid successive leaps from the water.

13. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any cursorial bird.

14. (Mech.)
(a) A movable slab or rubber used in grinding or polishing a surface
of stone.
(b) A tool on which lenses are fastened in a group, for polishing or
grinding.

RUNNET
Run"net, n.

Defn: See Rennet.

RUNNING
Run"ning, a.

1. Moving or advancing by running. Specifically, of a horse;
(a) Having a running gait; not a trotter or pacer.
(b) trained and kept for running races; as, a running horse. Law.

2. Successive; one following the other without break or intervention;
-- said of periods of time; as, to be away two days running; to sow
land two years running.

3. Flowing; easy; cursive; as, a running hand.

4. Continuous; keeping along step by step; as, he stated the facts
with a running explanation. "A running conquest." Milton.
What are art and science if not a running commentary on Nature Hare.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: Extending by a slender climbing or trailing stem; as, a running
vine.

6. (med.)

Defn: Discharging pus; as, a running sore. Running block (Mech.), a
block in an arrangement of pulleys which rises or sinks with the
weight which is raised or lowered.
 -- Running board, a narrow platform extending along the side of a
locomotive.
 -- Running bowsprit (Naut.) Same as Reefing bowsprit.
 -- Running days (Com.), the consecutive days occupied on a voyage
under working days. Simmonds.
 -- Running fire, a constant fire of musketry or cannon.
 -- Running gear, the wheels and axles of a vehicle, and their
attachments, in distinction from the body; all the working parts of a
locomotive or other machine, in distinction from the framework.
 -- Running hand, a style of rapid writing in which the letters are
usually slanted and the words formed without lifting the pen; --
distinguished from round hand.
 -- Running part (Naut.), that part of a rope that is hauled upon, --
in distinction from the standing part.
 -- Running rigging (Naut.), that part of a ship's rigging or ropes
which passes through blocks, etc.; -- is distinction from standing
rigging.
 -- Running title (Print.), the title of a book or chapter continued
from page to page on the upper margin.

RUNNING
Run"ning, n.

Defn: The act of one who, or of that which runs; as, the running was
slow.

2. That which runs or flows; the quantity of a liquid which flows in
a certain time or during a certain operation; as, the first running
of a still.

3. The discharge from an ulcer or other sore. At long running, in the
long run. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

RUNNING LOAD
Run"ning load. (Aëronautics)
 (a) The air pressure supported by each longitudinal foot segment of
a wing.
 (b) Commonly, the whole weight of aëroplane and load divided by the
span, or length from tip to tip.

RUNNINGLY
Run"ning*ly, adv.

Defn: In a running manner.

RUNNION
Run"nion n.

Defn: See Ronion.

RUNOLOGY
Ru*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Rune + -logy.]

Defn: The science of runes.
 -- Ru*nol"o*gist, n.

RUNROUND
Run"round`, n.

Defn: A felon or whitlow. [Colloq. U.S.]

RUNT
Runt n. [Written also rant.] Etym: [Scot. runt an old cow. rund a
bullock, an ox or Rother, a.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any animal which is unusually small, as compared with others of
its kind; -- applied particulary to domestic animals.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of domestic pigeon, related to the barb and carrier.

3. A dwarf; also, a mean, despicable, boorish person; -- used
opprobriously.
Before I buy a bargain of such runts, I'll buy a college for bears,
and live among 'em. Beau. & Fl.

4. The dead stump of a tree; also, the stem of a plant. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Neither young poles nor old runts are durable. Holland.

RUNTY
Runt"y, a.

Defn: Like a runt; diminutive; mean.

RUNWAY
Run"way`, n.

1. The channel of a stream.

2. The beaten path made, by deer or other animals in passing to and
from their feeding grounds.

RUPEE
Ru*pee", n. Etym: [Hind.r, fr. Skr. r silver, coined silver or gold,
handsome.]

Defn: A silver coin, and money of account, in the East Indies.

Note: The valuation of the rupee of sixteen annas, the standard coin
of India, by the United States Treasury departament, varies from time
to time with the price silver. In 1889 it was rated at about thirty-
two cents.

RUPELLARY
Ru"pel*la*ry, n. Etym: [From L. rupes a rock.]

Defn: Rocky. [Obs.] "This rupellary nidary." Evelyn.

RUPERT'S DROP
Ru"pert's drop`.

Defn: A kind of glass drop with a long tail, made by dropping melted
glass into water. It is remarkable for bursting into fragments when
the surface is scratched or the tail broken; -- so called from Prince
Rupert, nephew of Charles I., by whom they were first brought to
England. Called also Rupert's ball, and glass tear.

RUPIA
Ru"pi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. G. (Med.)

Defn: An eruption upon the skin, consisting of vesicles with inflamed
base and filled with serous, purulent, or bloody fluid, which dries
up, forming a blackish crust.

RUPIAL
Ru"pi*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to rupia.

RUPICOLA
Ru*pic"o*la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. rupes, gen. rupis, a rock + colere
to inhabit.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of beautiful South American passerine birds, including
the cock of the rock.

Note: The species are remarkable for having an elevated fan-shaped
crest of feathers on the head, and for the beautiful color of their
plumage, which is mostly some delicate shade of yellow or orange.

RUPICOLINE
Ru*pic"o*line, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Rock-inhabiting.

RUPTION
Rup"tion, n. Etym: [L. ruptio, fr. rumpere, ruptum to break.]

Defn: A breaking or bursting open; breach; rupture. "By ruption or
apertion." Wiseman.

RUPTUARY
Rup"tu*a*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. Roturier.]

Defn: One not of noble blood; a plebeian; a roturier. [R.]
The exclusion of the French ruptuaries ("roturiers," for history must
find a word for this class when it speaks of other nations) from the
order of nobility. Chenevix.

RUPTURE
Rup"ture, n. Etym: [L. ruptura, fr. rumpere, ruptum to break: cf. F.
rupture. See Reave, and cf. Rout a defeat.]

1. The act of breaking apart, or separating; the state of being
asunder; as, the rupture of the skin; the rupture of a vessel or
fiber; the rupture of a lutestring. Arbuthnot.
Hatch from the egg, that soon, Bursting with kindly rupture, forth
disclosed Their callow young. Milton.

2. Breach of peace or concord between individuals; open hostility or
war between nations; interruption of friendly relations; as, the
parties came to a rupture.
He knew that policy would desincline Napoleon from a rupture with his
family. E. Everett.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Hernia. See Hernia.

4. A bursting open, as of a steam boiler, in a less sudden manner
than by explosion. See Explosion. Modulus of rupture. (Engin.) See
under Modulus.

Syn.
 -- Fracture; breach; break; burst; disruption; dissolution. See
Fracture.

RUPTURE
Rup"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruptured; p. pr. & vb. n. Rupturing.]

1. To part by violence; to break; to burst; as, to rupture a blood
vessel.

2. To produce a hernia in.

RUPTURE
Rup"ture, v. i.

Defn: To suffer a breach or disruption.

RUPTURED
Rup"tured, a. (Med.)

Defn: Having a rupture, or hernia.

RUPTUREWORT
Rup"ture*wort", n. (Bot.)
(a) Same as Burstwort.
(b) A West Indian plant (Alternanthera polygonoides) somewhat
resembling burstwort.

RURAL
Ru"ral, a. Etym: [F., fr. L.ruralis, fr. rus, ruris, the country. Cf.
Room space, Rustic.]

1. Of or pertaining to the country, as distinguished from a city or
town; living in the country; suitable for, or resembling, the
country; rustic; as, rural scenes; a rural prospect.
Here is a rural fellow; . . . He brings you figs. Shak.

2. Of or pertaining to agriculture; as, rural economy. Rural dean.
(Eccl.) See under Dean.
 -- Rural deanery (Eccl.), the state, office, or residence, of a
rural dean.

Syn.
 -- Rustic.
 -- Rural, Rustic. Rural refers to the country itself; as, rural
scenes, prospects, delights, etc. Rustic refers to the character,
condition, taste, etc., of the original inhabitans of the country,
who were generally uncultivated and rude; as, rustic manners; a
rustic dress; a rustic bridge; rustic architecture, etc.
We turn To where the silver Thames first rural grows. Thomson.
Lay bashfulness, that rustic virtue, by; To manly confidence thy
throughts apply. Dryden.

RURALES
Ru"ra"les, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gossamer-winged butterflies; a family of small butterflies,
including the hairstreaks, violets, and theclas.

RURALISM
Ru"ral*ism, n.

1. The quality or state of being rural; ruralness.

2. A rural idiom or expression.

RURALIST
Ru"ral*ist, n.

Defn: One who leads a rural life. Coventry.

RURALITY
Ru*ral"i*ty, n.; pl. -ties. Etym: [Cf. LL. ruralitas.]

1. The quality or state of being rural.

2. A rural place. "Leafy ruralities." Carlyle.

RURALIZE
Ru"ral*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruralized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ruralizing.]

Defn: To render rural; to give a rural appearance to.

RURALIZE
Ru"ral*ize, v. i.

Defn: To become rural; to go into the country; to rusticate.

RURALLY
Ru"ral*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rural manner; as in the country.

RURALNESS
Ru"ral*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being rural.

RURICOLIST
Ru*ric"o*list, n. Etym: [L. ruricola; rus, ruris, the country +
colere to inhabit.]

Defn: An inhabitant of the country. [R.] Bailey.

RURIDECANAL
Ru`ri*dec"a*nal, a. Etym: [L. rus, ruris the country + decanus the
chief of ten. See Dean.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a rural dean; as, a ruridecanal district;
the ruridecanal intellect. [R.]

RURIGENOUS
Ru*rig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. rurigena; rus, ruris, the country +
genere, gignere, to bring forth, pass., to be born.]

Defn: Born in the country. [Obs.]

RUSE
Ruse, n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. reüser, rehuser, to turn aside, to
shuffle, retreat, fr. L. recusare to refuse; pref. re- again + causa
cause. See Cause, and cf. Recusant.]

Defn: An artifice; trick; stratagem; wile; fraund; deceit. Ruse de
guerre ( Etym: [F.], a stratagem of war.

RUSH
Rush, n. Etym: [OE. rusche, rische, resche, AS. risce, akin to LG.
rusk, risch, D. & G. rusch; all probably fr. L. ruscum butcher's
broom; akin to Goth. raus reed, G. rohr.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to many aquatic or marsh-growing endogenous plants
with soft, slender stems, as the species of Juncus and Scirpus.

Note: Some species are used in bottoming chairs and plaiting mats,
and the pith is used in some places for wicks to lamps and
rushlights.

2. The merest trifle; a straw.
John Bull's friendship is not worth a rush. Arbuthnot.
Bog rush. See under Bog.
 -- Club rush, any rush of the genus Scirpus.
 -- Flowering rush. See under Flowering.
 -- Nut rush (a) Any plant of the genus Scleria, rushlike plants with
hard nutlike fruits. (b) A name for several species of Cyperus having
tuberous roots.
 -- Rush broom, an Australian leguminous plant (Viminaria denudata),
having long, slender branches. Also, the Spanish broom. See under
Candle.
 -- Rush grass, any grass of the genus Vilfa, grasses with wiry stems
and one-flowered spikelets.
 -- Rush toad (Zoöl.), the natterjack.
 -- Scouring rush (Bot.) Same as Dutch rush, under Dutch.
 -- Spike rush, any rushlike plant of the genus Eleocharis, in which
the flowers grow in dense spikes.
 -- Sweet rush, a sweet-scented grass of Arabia, etc. (Andropogon
schoenanthus), used in Oriental medical practice.
 -- Wood rush, any plant of the genus Luzula, which differs in some
technical characters from Juncus.

RUSH
Rush, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rushed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Rushing.] Etym:
[OE. ruschen; cf. AS. hryscan to make a noise, D. ruischen to rustle,
G. rauschen, MHG. r ro rush, to rustle, LG. rusken, OSw. ruska, Icel.
& Sw. ruska to shake, Dan. ruske to shake, and E. rouse.]

1. To move forward with impetuosity, violence, and tumultuous
rapidity or haste; as, armies rush to battle; waters rush down a
precipice.
Like to an entered tide, they all rush by. Shak.

2. To enter into something with undue haste and eagerness, or without
due deliberation and preparation; as, to rush business or
speculation.
They . . . never think it to be a part of religion to rush into the
office of princes and ministers. Sprat.

RUSH
Rush, v. t.

1. To push or urge forward with impetuosity or violence; to hurry
forward.

2. To recite (a lesson) or pass (an examination) without an error.
[College Cant, U.S.]

RUSH
Rush, n.

1. A moving forward with rapidity and force or eagerness; a violent
motion or course; as, a rush of troops; a rush of winds; a rush of
water.
A gentleman of his train spurred up his horse, and, with a violent
rush, severed him from the duke. Sir H. Wotton.

2. Great activity with pressure; as, a rush of business. [Colloq.]

3. A perfect recitation. [College Cant, U.S.]

4. (Football)
(a) A rusher; as, the center rush, whose place is in the center of
the rush line; the end rush.
(b) The act of running with the ball. Bunt rush (Football), a
combined rush by main strength.
 -- Rush line (Football), the line composed of rushers.

RUSH-BEARING
Rush"-bear`ing, n.

Defn: A kind of rural festival at the dedication of a church, when
the parishioners brought rushes to strew the church. [Eng.] Nares.

RUSHBUCKLER
Rush"buc`kler, n.

Defn: A bullying and violent person; a braggart; a swashbuckler.
[Obs.]
That flock of stout, bragging rushbucklers. Robynson (More's Utopia).

RUSHED
Rushed, a.

Defn: Abounding or covered with rushes.

RUSHER
Rush"er, n.

Defn: One who rushes. Whitlock.

RUSHER
Rush"er, n.

Defn: One who strewed rushes on the floor at dances. [Obs.] B.
Jonson.

RUSHINESS
Rush"i*ness, n. Etym: [From Rushy.]

Defn: The quality or state of abounding with rushes.

RUSHINGLY
Rush"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rushing manner.

RUSHLIGHT
Rush"light`, n.

Defn: A rush candle, or its light; hence, a small, feeble light.

RUSHLIKE
Rush"like`, a.

Defn: Resembling a rush; weak.

RUSHY
Rush"y, a.

1. Abounding with rushes.

2. Made of rushes.
Me rushy couch and frugal fare. Goldsmith.

RUSINE
Ru"sine, a. Etym: [NL. rusa, the name of the genus, Malay rusa deer.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, like, or pertaining to, a deer of the genus Rusa, which
includes the sambur deer (Rusa Aristotelis) of India. Rusine antler
(Zoöl.), an antler with the brow tyne simple, and the beam forked at
the tip.

RUSK
Rusk, n. Etym: [Sp. rosca de mar sea rusks, a kind of biscuit, rosca
properly meaning, a screw, spiral.]

1. A kind of light, soft bread made with yeast and eggs, often
toasted or crisped in an oven; or a kind of sweetened biscuit.

2. A kind of light, hard cake or bread, as for stores Smart.

3. Bread or cake which has been made brown and crisp, and afterwards
grated, or pulverized in a mortar.

RUSMA
Rus"ma, n. Etym: [Corrupt. from Turk. khyryzma a paste used as a
depilatory, fr. Gr. rusma.]

Defn: A depilatory made of orpiment and quicklime, and used by the
Turks. See Rhusma.

RUSS
Russ, n. sing. & pl.

1. A Russian, or the Russians. [Rare, except in poetry.]

2. The language of the Russians.

RUSS
Russ, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Russians.

RUSSET
Rus"set, a. Etym: [F. rousset, dim. of roux red, L. russus (for
rudtus, rudhtus), akin to E. red. See Red, and cf. Roussette.]

1. Of a reddish brown color, or (by some called) a red gray; of the
color composed of blue, red, and yellow in equal strength, but
unequal proportions, namely, two parts of red to one each of blue and
yellow; also, of a yellowish brown color.
The morn, in russet mantle clad. Shak.
Our summer such a russet livery wears. Dryden.

2. Coarse; homespun; rustic. [R.] Shak.

RUSSET
Rus"set, n.

1. A russet color; a pigment of a russet color.

2. Cloth or clothing of a russet color.

3. A country dress; -- so called because often of a russet color.
Dryden.

4. An apple, or a pear, of a russet color; as, the English russet,
and the Roxbury russet.

RUSSETING
Rus"set*ing, n.

Defn: See Russet, n., 2 and 4.

RUSSETY
Rus"set*y, a.

Defn: Of a russet color; russet.

RUSSIA
Rus"sia, n.

Defn: A country of Europe and Asia. Russia iron, a kind of sheet iron
made in Russia, having a lustrous blue-black surface.
 -- Russia leather, a soft kind of leather, made originally in Russia
but now elsewhere, having a peculiar odor from being impregnated with
an oil obtained from birch bark. It is much used in bookbinding, on
account of its not being subject to mold, and being proof against
insects.
 -- Russia matting, matting manufactured in Russia from the inner
bark of the linden (Tilia Europæa).

RUSSIAN
Rus"sian ( or ; 277), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Russia, its inhabitants, or language.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Russia; the language of Russia.
Russian bath. See under Bath.

RUSSIAN CHURCH
Rus"sian Church.

Defn: The established church of the Russian empire. It forms a
portion, by far the largest, of the Eastern Church and is governed by
the Holy Synod. The czar is the head of the church, but he has never
claimed the right of deciding questions of theology and dogma.

RUSSIANIZE
Rus"sian*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make Russian, or more or less like the Russians; as, to
Russianize the Poles.

RUSSIFICATION
Rus"si*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Russia + L. -ficare (im comp.) to make.
See -fy.]

Defn: The act or process of being Russified.

RUSSIFY
Rus"si*fy, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. russifier. See -fy.]

Defn: To Russianize; as, to Russify conquered tribes.

RUSSOPHILE; RUSSOPHILIST
Rus"so*phile, Rus"soph"i*list, n. Etym: [Russia + Gr. to love: cf. F.
russophile.]

Defn: One who, not being a Russian, favors Russian policy and
aggrandizement.
 -- Rus*soph"ilism, n. [Chiefly newspaper words.]

RUSSOPHOBE; RUSSOPHOBIST
Rus"so*phobe, Rus*soph"o*bist, Etym: [Russia + Gr.

Defn: One who dreads Russia or Russian influence. [Words sometimes
found in the newspapers.]

RUSSOPHOBIA
Rus`so*pho"bi*a, n.

Defn: Morbid dread of Russia or of Russian influence.

RUST
Rust, n. Etym: [AS. rust; akin to D. roest, G. & Sw. rost, Icel.
ryth; -- named from its color, and akin to E. red. *113. See Red.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: The reddish yellow coating formed on iron when exposed to moist
air, consisting of ferric oxide or hydroxide; hence, by extension,
any metallic film of corrosion.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A minute mold or fungus forming reddish or rusty spots on the
leaves and stems of cereal and other grasses (Trichobasis Rubigo-
vera), now usually believed to be a form or condition of the corn
mildew (Puccinia graminis). As rust, it has solitary reddish spores;
as corn mildew, the spores are double and blackish.

Note: Rust is also applied to many other minute fungi which infest
vegetation, such as the species of Ustilago, Uredo, and Lecythea.

3. That which resembles rust in appearance or effects. Specifically:
(a) A composition used in making a rust joint. See Rust joint, below.
(b) Foul matter arising from degeneration; as, rust on salted meat.
(c) Corrosive or injurious accretion or influence.
Sacred truths cleared from all rust and dross of human mixtures.
Eikon Basilike.

Note: Rust is used in the formation of compounds of obvious meaning;
as, rust-colored, rust-consumed, rust-eaten, and the like. Rust
joint, a joint made between surfaces of iron by filling the space
between them with a wet mixture of cast-iron borings, sal ammoniac,
and sulphur, which by oxidation becomes hard, and impervious to
steam, water, etc.
 -- Rust mite (Zoöl.), a minute mite (Phytopius oleivorus) which, by
puncturing the rind, causes the rust-colored patches on oranges.

RUST
Rust, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rusting.] Etym:
[AS. rustian.]

1. To contract rust; to be become oxidized.
If gold ruste, what shall iron do Chaucer.
Our armors now may rust. Dryden.

2. To be affected with the parasitic fungus called rust; also, to
acquire a rusty appearance. as plants.

3. Fig.: To degenerate in idleness; to become dull or impaired by
inaction.
Must I rust in Egypt never more Appear in arms, and be the chief of
Greece Dryden.

RUST
Rust, v. t.

1. To cause to contract rust; to corrode with rust; to affect with
rust of any kind.
Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will rust them. Shak.

2. Fig.: To impair by time and inactivity. Johmson.

RUSTFUL
Rust"ful, a.

Defn: Full of rust; resembling rust; causing rust; rusty. "Rustful
sloth." Quarles.

RUSTIC
Rus"tic, a. Etym: [L. rusticus, fr. rus, ruris, the country: cf. F.
rustique. See Rural.]

1. Of or pertaining to the country; rural; as, the rustic gods of
antiquity. Milton.
And many a holy text around she strews, That teach the rustic
moralist to die. Gray.
She had a rustic, woodland air. Wordsworth.

2. Rude; awkward; rough; unpolished; as, rustic manners. "A rustic
muse." Spenser.

3. Coarse; plain; simple; as, a rustic entertainment; rustic dress.

4. Simple; artless; unadorned; unaffected. Pope. Rustic moth (Zoöl.),
any moth belonging to Agrotis and allied genera. Their larvæ are
called cutworms. See Cutworm.
 -- Rustic work. (a) (Arch.) Cut stone facing which has the joints
worked with grooves or channels, the face of each block projecting
beyond the joint, so that the joints are very conspicuous. (b) (Arch.
& Woodwork) Summer houses, or furniture for summer houses, etc., made
of rough limbs of trees fancifully arranged.

Syn.
 -- Rural; rude; unpolished; inelegant; untaught; artless; honest.
See Rural.

RUSTIC
Rus"tic, n.

1. An inhabitant of the country, especially one who is rude, coarse,
or dull; a clown.
Hence to your fields, you rustics! hence, away. Pope.

2. A rural person having a natural simplicity of character or
manners; an artless, unaffected person. [Poetic]

RUSTICAL
Rus`tic*al, a.

Defn: Rustic. "Rustical society." Thackeray.
 -- Rus"tic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Rus"tic*al*ness, n.

RUSTICATE
Rus"ti*cate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rusticated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rusticating.] Etym: [L. rusticaticus, p. p. of rusticari to
rusticate. See Rustic.]

Defn: To go into or reside in the country; to ruralize. Pope.

RUSTICATE
Rus"ti*cate, v. t.

Defn: To require or compel to reside in the country; to banish or
send away temporarily; to impose rustication on.
The town is again beginning to be full, and the rusticated beauty
sees an end of her banishment. Idler.

RUSTICATED
Rus"ti*ca`ted, a. (Arch.)

Defn: resembling rustic work. See Rustic work (a), under Rustic.

RUSTICATION
Rus`ti*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. rusticatio.]

1. The act of rusticating, or the state of being rusticated;
specifically, the punishment of a student for some offence, by
compelling him to leave the institution for a time.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Rustic work.

RUSTICITY
Rus*tic"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. rusticatus: cf. F. rusticité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being rustic; rustic manners; rudeness;
simplicity; artlessness.
The sweetness and rusticity of a pastoral can not be so well
expressed in any other tongue as in the Greek, when rightly mixed and
qualified with the Doric dialect. Addison.
The Saxons were refined from their rusticity. Sir W. Scott.

RUSTICLY
Rus"tic*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rustic manner; rustically. Chapman.

RUSTILY
Rust"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rusty state.

RUSTINESS
Rust"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being rusty.

RUSTLE
Rus"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rustled; p. pr. & vb. n. Rustling.]
Etym: [AS. hristlan to rustle; or cf. Sw. rusta to stir, make a riot,
or E. rush, v.]

1. To make a quick succession of small sounds, like the rubbing or
moving of silk cloth or dry leaves.
He is coming; I hear his straw rustle. Shak.
Prouder than rustling in unpaid-for silk. Shak.

2. To stir about energetically; to strive to succeed; to bustle
about. [Slang, Western U.S.]

RUSTLE
Rus"tle, v. t.

Defn: To cause to rustle; as, the wind rustles the leaves.

RUSTLE
Rus"tle, n.

Defn: A quick succession or confusion of small sounds, like those
made by shaking leaves or straw, by rubbing silk, or the like; a
rustling.
When the noise of a torrent, the rustle of a wood, the song of birds,
or the play of lambs, had power to fill the attention, and suspend
all perception of the course of time. Idler.

RUSTLER
Rus"tler, n.

1. One who, or that which, rustles.

2. A bovine animal that can care for itself in any circumstances;
also, an alert, energetic, driving person. [Slang, Western U.S.]

RUSTLESS
Rust"less, a.

Defn: Free from rust.

RUSTY
Rust"y, a. Etym: [AS. rustig.] [Compar. Rustier (; superl. Rustiest.]

1. Covered or affected with rust; as, a rusty knife or sword; rusty
wheat.

2. Impaired by inaction, disuse, or neglect.
[Hector,] in this dull and long-continued truce, Is rusty grown.
Shak.

3. Discolored and rancid; reasty; as, rusty bacon.

4. Surly; morose; crusty; sullen. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "Rusty words."
Piers Plowman.

5. Rust-colored; dark. "Rusty blood." Spenser.

6. Discolored; stained; not cleanly kept; filthy.
The rustly little schooners that bring fire wood from the Brititsh
provinces. Hawthorne.

7. (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling, or covered with a substance resembling, rust;
affected with rust; rubiginous.

RUT
Rut, n. Etym: [F. rut, OF. ruit, L. ruditus a roaring, fr. rugire to
roar; -sp called from the noise made by deer in rutting time.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: Sexual desire or oestrus of deer, cattle, and various other
mammals; heat; also, the period during which the oestrus exists.

2. Roaring, as of waves breaking upon the shore; rote. See Rote.

RUT
Rut, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rutting.]

Defn: To have a strong sexual impulse at the reproductive period; --
said of deer, cattle, etc.

RUT
Rut, v. t.

Defn: To cover in copulation. Dryden.

RUT
Rut, n. Etym: [variant of route.]

Defn: A track worn by a wheel or by habitual passage of anything; a
groove in which anything runs. Also used figuratively. in a rut.

RUT
Rut, v. t.

Defn: To make a rut or ruts in; -- chiefly used as a past participle
or a participial adj; as, a rutted road.

RUTA-BAGA
Ru`ta-ba"ga, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of turnip commonly with a large and long or ovoid
yellowish root; a Swedish turnip. See Turnip.

RUTACEOUS
Ru*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [L. rutaceous, from ruta rue. See Rue the
plant.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to plants of a natural order (Rutacæ) of which
the rue is the type, and which includes also the orange, lemon,
dittany, and buchu.

RUTATE
Ru"tate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of rutic acid.

RUTH
Ruth, n. Etym: [From Rue, v.: cf. Icel. hryggedh, hrygedh.]

1. Sorrow for the misery of another; pity; tenderness. [Poetic] "They
weep for ruth." Chaucer. "Have ruth of the poor." Piers Plowman.
To stir up gentle ruth, Both for her noble blood, and for her tender
youth. Spenser.

2. That which causes pity or compassion; misery; distress; a pitiful.
[Obs.]
It had been hard this ruth for to see. Chaucer.
With wretched miseries and woeful ruth. Spenser.

RUTHENIC
Ru*then"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, ruthenium; specifically,
designating those compounds in which it has a higher valence as
contrasted with ruthenious compounds.

RUTHENIOUS
Ru*the"ni*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, ruthenium; designating those
compounds in which it has a lower valence as contrasted with ruthenic
compounds.

RUTHENIUM
Ru*the"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL. So named from the Ruthenians, a Little
Russian people, as coming from Russia, the metal having been found in
the Ural mountains.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare element of the light platinum group, found associated
with platinum ores, and isolated as a hard, brittle steel-gray metal
which is very infusible. Symbol Ru. Atomic weight 103.5. Specific
gravity 12.26. See Platinum metals, under Platinum.

RUTHFUL
Ruth"ful, a.

Defn: Full of ruth; as:
(a) Pitiful; tender.
(b) Full of sorrow; woeful.
(c) Causing sorrow. Shak.
 -- Ruth"ful*ly, adv.

RUTHLESS
Ruth"less, a.

Defn: Having no ruth; cruel; pitiless.
Their rage the hostile bands restrain, All but the ruthless monarch
of the main. Pope.
-- Ruth"less*ly, adv.
 -- Ruth"less*ness, n.

RUTIC
Ru"tic, a. Etym: [Cf. Rutaceous.] (Chem.)

Defn: pertaining to, or obtained from, rue (Ruta); as, rutic acid,
now commonly called capric acid.

RUTILANT
Ru"ti*lant (, a. Etym: [L. rutilans, p. pr. of rutilare to have a
reddish glow, fr. rutilus red: cf. F. rutilant.]

Defn: Having a reddish glow; shining.
Parchments . . . colored with this rutilant mixture. Evelin.

RUTILATE
Ru"ti*late, v. i. Etym: [L. rutilare, rutilatum.]

Defn: To shine; to emit rays of light. [Obs.] Ure.

RUTILE
Ru"tile, n. Etym: [L. rutilus red, inclining to golden yellow.]
(Min.)

Defn: A mineral usually of a reddish brown color, and brilliant
metallic adamantine luster, occurring in tetragonal crystals. In
composition it is titanium dioxide, like octahedrite and brooklite.

RUTILIAN
Ru*til"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of lamellicorn beetles belonging to Rurila and
allied genera, as the spotted grapevine beetle (Pelidnota punctata).

RUTIN
Ru"tin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside resembling, but distinct from, quercitrin. Rutin is
found in the leaves of the rue (Ruta graveolens) and other plants,
and obtained as a bitter yellow crystalline substance which yields
quercitin on decomposition.

RUTINOSE
Rutinose

Defn: A disaccharide present in glycosides. Prepared from rutin by
hydrolysis with rhamnodiastase. 6-O-a-L-rhamnosyl-D-glucose;
C12H22O10.

RUTTER
Rut"ter, n. Etym: [D. ruiter a rider. Cf. Ruttier.]

Defn: A horseman or trooper. [Obs.]
Such a regiment of rutters Never defied men braver. Beau. & Fl.

RUTTER
Rut"ter, n. Etym: [From Rut.]

Defn: That which ruts.

RUTTERKIN
Rut"ter*kin, n.

Defn: An old crafty fox or beguiler -- a word of contempt. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.

RUTTIER
Rut"ti*er, n. Etym: [F. routier, fr. route a road. See Route.]

Defn: A chart of a course, esp. at sea. [Obs.]

RUTTISH
Rut"tish, a.

Defn: Inclined to rut; lustful; libidinous; salacious. Shak.
 -- Rut"tish*ness, n.

RUTTLE
Rut"tle, n.

Defn: A rattling sound in the throat arising from difficulty of
breathing; a rattle. [Obs.]

RUTTY
Rut"ty, a.

Defn: Ruttish; lustful.

RUTTY
Rut"ty, a.

Defn: Full of ruts; as a rutty road.

RUTTY
Rut"ty, a. Etym: [See Root.]

Defn: Rooty. [Obs.] Spenser.

RUTYLENE
Ru"ty*lene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon, C10H18, of the acetylene series. It is
produced artificially.

RYAL
Ry"al ( or ), a.

Defn: Royal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RYAL
Ry"al, n.

Defn: See Rial, and old English coin.

RYDER
Ry"der, n.

1. A clause added to a document; a rider. See Rider. [Obs.]

2. Etym: [D. rijder, properly, a rider.]

Defn: A gold coin of Zealand [Netherlands] equal to 14 florins, about
$ 5.60.

RYE
Rye, n. Etym: [OE. rie, reie, AS. ryge; akin to Icel. rugr, Sw. råg,
Dan. rug, D. rogge, OHG. rocco, roggo, G. rocken, roggen, Lith.
rugei, Russ. roje, and perh. To Gr. 'o`ryza rice. Cf. Rice.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A grain yielded by a hardy cereal grass (Secale cereale),
closely allied to wheat; also, the plant itself. Rye constitutes a
large portion of the breadstuff used by man.

2. A disease in a hawk. Ainsworth. Rye grass, Italian rye grass,
(Bot.) See under Grass. See also Ray grass, and Darnel.
 -- Wild rye (Bot.), any plant of the genus Elymus, tall grasses with
much the appearance of rye.

RYND
Rynd ( or ), n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A piece of iron crossing the hole in the upper millstone by
which the stone is supported on the spindle.

RYOT
Ry"ot, n. Etym: [Ar. & Hind. ra'iyat, the same word as ra'iyah, a
subject, tenant, peasant. See Rayah.]

Defn: A peasant or cultivator of the soil. [India]
The Indian ryot and the Egyptian fellah work for less pay than any
other laborers in the world. The Nation.

RYPOPHAGOUS
Ry*poph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Eating, or subsisting on, filth.

RYS
Rys ( or ), n.

Defn: A branch. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RYSH
Rysh, n.

Defn: Rush, a plant. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RYSIMETER
Ry*sim"e*ter, n.

Defn: See Rhysimeter.

RYTH
Ryth, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. ri brook.]

Defn: A ford. [Obs.]

RYTINA
Ryt"i*na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large edentulous sirenians, allied to the dugong and
manatee, including but one species (R. Stelleri); -- called also
Steller's sea cow. [Written also Rhytina.]

Note: * It is now extinct, but was formerly abundant at Behring's
Island, near Behring's Straits. It was twenty-five feet or more in
length, with a thick, blackish, naked skin. The last were killed in
1768 for their oil and flesh.

S

Defn: the nineteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a consonanat,
and is often called a sibilant, in allusion to its hissing sound. It
has two principal sounds; one a more hissing, as in sack, this; the
other a vocal hissing (the same as that of z), as in is, wise.
Besides these it sometimes has the sounds of sh and zh, as in sure,
measure. It generally has its hissing sound at the beginning of
words, but in the middle and at the end of words its sound is
determined by usage. In a few words it is silent, as in isle, débris.
With the letter h it forms the digraph sh. See Guide to
pronunciation, t\'c5 255-261.

Note: Both the form and the name of the letter S are derived from the
Latin, which got the letter through the Greek from the Phænician. the
ultimate origin is Egyptian. S is etymologically most nearly related
to c, z, t, and r; as, in ice, OE. is; E. hence, OE. hennes; E. rase,
raze; erase, razor; that, G. das; E. reason, F. raison, L. ratio; E.
was, were; chair, chaise (see C, Z, T, and R.).

-S
-s.

1. Etym: [OE. es, AS. as.]

Defn: The suffix used to form the plural of most words; as in roads,
elfs, sides, accounts.

2. Etym: [OE. -s, for older -th, AS. -th.]

Defn: The suffix used to form the third person singular indicative of
English verbs; as in the falls, tells, sends.

3. An adverbial suffix; as in towards, needs, always, -- originally
the genitive, possesive, ending. See -'s.

-'S
-'s Etym: [OE. -es, AS. -es.]

Defn: The suffix used to form the possessive singular of nouns; as,
boy's; man's.

'S
's.

Defn: A contraction for is or (colloquially) for has. "My heart's
subdued." Shak.

-'S
-'s [OE. -es, AS. -es.]

The suffix used to form the possessive singular of nouns; as, boy's;
man's.

SAADH
Sa"adh, n.

Defn: See Sadh.

SAAN
Saan, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Same as Bushmen.

SABADILLA
Sab`a*dil"la, n. Etym: [Sp. cebadilla.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Mexican liliaceous plant (Schænocaulon officinale); also, its
seeds, which contain the alkaloid veratrine. It was formerly used in
medicine as an emetic and purgative.

SABAEAN
Sa*bæ"an, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Sabianism.

SABAEANISM
Sa*bæ"an*ism, n.

Defn: Same as Sabianism.

SABAEISM; SABAISM
Sa"bæ*ism, Sa"ba*ism, n.

Defn: See Sabianism.

SABAL
Sa"bal, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of palm trees including the palmetto of the Southern
United States.

SABAOTH
Sab"a*oth (sâb"ay*ôth or sa"ba*ôth; 277), n. pl. Etym: [Heb.
tseba'oth, pl. of tsaba', an army or host, fr. tsaba', to go forth to
war.]

1. Armies; hosts.

Note: [Used twice in the English Bible, in the phrase "The Lord of
Sabaoth."]

2. Incorrectly, the Sabbath.

SABBAT
Sab"bat, n. Etym: [See Sabbath.]

Defn: In mediæval demonology, the nocturnal assembly in which demons
and sorcerers were thought to celebrate their orgies.

SABBATARIAN
Sab`ba*ta"ri*an, n. Etym: [L. Sabbatarius: cf. F. sabbataire. See
Sabbath.]

1. One who regards and keeps the seventh day of the week as holy,
aggreeably to the letter of the fourth commandment in the Decalogue.

Note: There were Christians in the early church who held this
opinion, and certain Christians, esp. the Seventh-day Baptists, hold
it now.

2. A strict observer of the Sabbath.

SABBATARIAN
Sab`ba*ta"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Sabbath, or the tenets of Sabbatarians.

SABBATARIANISM
Sab`ba*ta"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The tenets of Sabbatarians. Bp. Ward. (1673).

SABBATH
Sab"bath, n. Etym: [OE. sabat, sabbat, F. sabbat, L. sabbatum, Gr.
shabbath, fr. shabath to rest from labor. Cf. Sabbat.]

1. A season or day of rest; one day in seven appointed for rest or
worship, the observance of which was enjoined upon the Jews in the
Decalogue, and has been continued by the Christian church with a
transference of the day observed from the last to the first day of
the week, which is called also Lord's Day.
Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Ex. xx. 8.

2. The seventh year, observed among the Israelites as one of rest and
festival. Lev. xxv. 4.

3. Fig.: A time of rest or repose; intermission of pain, effort,
sorrow, or the like.
Peaceful sleep out the sabbath of the tomb. Pope.
Sabbath breaker, one who violates the law of the Sabbath.
 -- Sabbath breaking, the violation of the law of the Sabbath.
 -- Sabbath-day's journey, a distance of about a mile, which, under
Rabbinical law, the Jews were allowed to travel on the Sabbath.

Syn.
 -- Sabbath, Sunday. Sabbath is not strictly synonymous with Sunday.
Sabbath denotes the institution; Sunday is the name of the first day
of the week. The Sabbath of the Jews is on Saturday, and the Sabbath
of most Christians on Sunday. In New England, the first day of the
week has been called "the Sabbath," to mark it as holy time; Sunday
is the word more commonly used, at present, in all parts of the
United States, as it is in England. "So if we will be the children of
our heavenly Father, we must be careful to keep the Christian
Sabbathday, which is the Sunday." Homilies.

SABBATHLESS
Sab"bath*less, a.

Defn: Without Sabbath, or intermission of labor; hence, without
respite or rest. Bacon.

SABBATIC; SABBATICAL
Sab*bat"ic, Sab*bat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. sabbatique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Sabbath; resembling the Sabbath;
enjoying or bringing an intermission of labor. Sabbatical year
(Jewish Antiq.), every seventh year, in which the Israelites were
commanded to suffer their fields and vineyards to rest, or lie
without tillage.

SABBATISM
Sab"ba*tism, n. Etym: [L. sabbatismus, Gr. sabbatisme. See Sabbath.]

Defn: Intermission of labor, as upon the Sabbath; rest. Dr. H. More.

SABBATON
Sab"ba*ton, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. zapaton, a large shoe, F. sabot a
wooden shoe.]

Defn: A round-toed, armed covering for the feet, worn during a part
of the sixteenth century in both military and civil dress.

SABEAN
Sa*be"an, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Sabian.

SABEISM
Sa"be*ism, n.

Defn: Same as Sabianism.

SABELLA
Sa*bel"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sabulum gravel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of tubiculous annelids having a circle of plumose gills
around head.

SABELLIAN
Sa*bel"li*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the doctrines or tenets of Sabellius. See
Sabellian, n.

SABELLIAN
Sa*bel"li*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Sabellius, a presbyter of Ptolemais in the third
century, who maintained that there is but one person in the Godhead,
and that the Son and Holy Spirit are only different powers,
operations, or offices of the one God the Father.

SABELLIANISM
Sa*bel"li*an*ism, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: The doctrines or tenets of Sabellius. See Sabellian, n.

SABELLOID
Sa*bel"loid, a. Etym: [Sabella + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or related to, the genus Sabella.
 -- Sa*bel"loid, n.

SABER; SABRE
Sa"ber, Sa"bre, n. Etym: [F. sabre, G. säbel; of uncertain origin;
cf. Hung. száblya, Pol. szabla, Russ. sabla, and L. Gr.

Defn: A sword with a broad and heavy blade, thick at the back, and
usually more or less curved like a scimiter; a cavalry sword. Saber
fish, or Sabre fish (Zoöl.), the cutlass fish.

SABER; SABRE
Sa"ber, Sa"bre, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sabered or Sabred (; p. pr. & vb.
n. Sabering or Sabring (.] Etym: [Cf. F. sabrer.]

Defn: To strike, cut, or kill with a saber; to cut down, as with a
saber.
You send troops to saber and bayonet us into submission. Burke.

SABERBILL; SABREBILL
Sa"ber*bill`, Sa"bre*bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The curlew.

SABIAN
Sa"bi*an, a. Etym: [L. Sabaeus.] [Written also Sabean, and
Sabæanism.]

1. Of or pertaining to Saba in Arabia, celebrated for producing
aromatic plants.

2. Relating to the religion of Saba, or to the worship of the
heavenly bodies.

SABIAN
Sa"bi*an, n.

Defn: An adherent of the Sabian religion; a worshiper of the heavenly
bodies. [Written also Sabæan, and Sabean.]

SABIANISM
Sa"bi*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of the Sabians; the Sabian religion; that species
of idolatry which consists in worshiping the sun, moon, and stars;
heliolatry. [Written also Sabæanism.]

SABICU
Sab"i*cu, n.

Defn: The very hard wood of a leguminous West Indian tree (Lysilona
Sabicu), valued for shipbuilding.

SABINE
Sa"bine, a. Etym: [L. Sabinus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ancient Sabines, a people of Italy.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Sabine people.

SABINE
Sab"ine, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. Sabina herba, fr. Sabini the Sabines.
Cf. Savin.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Savin.

SABLE
Sa"ble, n. Etym: [OF. sable, F. zibeline sable (in sense 4), LL.
sabellum; cf. D. sabel, Dan. sabel, zobel, Sw. sabel, sobel, G.
zobel; all fr. Russ. sóbole.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family (Mustela zibellina)
native of the northern latitudes of Europe, Asia, and America, --
noted for its fine, soft, and valuable fur.

Note: The sable resembles the marten, but has a longer head and ears.
Its fur consists of a soft under wool, with a dense coat of hair,
overtopped by another still longer. It varies greatly in color and
quality according to the locality and the season of the year. The
darkest and most valuable furs are taken in autumn and winter in the
colder parts of Siberia, Russia, and British North America.

Note: The American sable, or marten, was formerly considered a
distinct species (Mustela Americana), but it differs very little from
the Asiatic sable, and is now considered only a geographical variety.

2. The fur of the sable.

3. A mouring garment; a funeral robe; -- generally in the plural.
"Sables wove by destiny." Young.

4. (Her.)

Defn: The tincture black; -- represented by vertical and horizontal
lines each other.

SABLE
Sa"ble, a.

Defn: Of the color of the sable's fur; dark; black; -- used chiefly
in poetry.
Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne, In rayless majesty, now
stretches forth Her leaden scepter o'er a slumbering world. Young.
Sable antelope (Zoöl.), a large South African antelope (Hippotragus
niger). Both sexes have long, sharp horns. The adult male is black;
the female is dark chestnut above, white beneath.
 -- Sable iron, a superior quality of Russia iron; -- so called
because originally stamped with the figure of a sable.
 -- Sable mouse (Zoöl.), the lemming.

SABLE
Sa"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sabled; p. pr. & vb. n. Sabling.]

Defn: To render sable or dark; to drape darkly or in black.
Sabled all in black the shady sky. G. Fletcher.

SABOT
Sa`bot", n. Etym: [F.]

1. A kind of wooden shoe worn by the peasantry in France, Belgium,
Sweden, and some other European countries.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A thick, circular disk of wood, to which the cartridge bag and
projectile are attached, in fixed ammunition for cannon; also, a
piece of soft metal attached to a projectile to take the groove of
the rifling.

SABOTAGE
Sa`bo`tage", n. [F.]
 (a) Scamped work.
 (b) Malicious waste or destruction of an employer's property or
injury to his interests by workmen during labor troubles.

SABOTIERE
Sa`bo"tière, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A kind of freezer for ices.

SABRE
Sa"bre, n. & v.

Defn: See Saber.

SABRETASCHE
Sa"bre*tasche`, n. Etym: [F. sabretache, G. säbel, tasche; säbel
salber + tasche a pocket.] (Mil.)

Defn: A leather case or pocket worn by cavalry at the left side,
suspended from the sword belt. Campbell (Dict. Mil. Sci. ).

SABRINA WORK
Sa*bri"na work`.

Defn: A variety of appliqué work for quilts, table covers, etc.
Caulfeild & S. (Dict. of Needlework).

SABULOSE
Sab"u*lose, a. Etym: [L. sabulosus, from sabulum, sabulo, sand.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Growing in sandy places.

SABULOSITY
Sab`u*los"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being sabulous; sandiness; grittiness.

SABULOUS
Sab"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. sabulosus.]

Defn: Sandy; gritty.

SAC
Sac, n. (Ethnol.)

Defn: See Sace.

SAC
Sac, n. Etym: [See Sake, Soc.] (O.Eng. Law)

Defn: The privilege formerly enjoyed the lord of a manor, of holding
courts, trying causes, and imposing fines. Cowell.

SAC
Sac, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. saccus a sack. See Sack a bag.]

1. See 2d Sack.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A cavity, bag, or receptacle, usually containing fluid, and
either closed, or opening into another cavity to the exterior; a
sack.

SACALAIT
Sac"a*lait, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of fresh-water bass; the crappie. [Southern U.S.]

SACAR
Sa"car, n.

Defn: See Saker.

SACCADE
Sac*cade", n. Etym: [F.] (Man.)

Defn: A sudden, violent check of a horse by drawing or twitching the
reins on a sudden and with one pull.

SACCATE
Sac"cate, a. Etym: [NL. saccatus, fr. L. saccus a sack, bag.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Having the form of a sack or pouch; furnished with a sack or
pouch, as a petal.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Saccata, a suborder of ctenophores
having two pouches into which the long tentacles can be retracted.

SACCHARATE
Sac"cha*rate, n. (Chem.)
(a) A salt of saccharic acid.
(b) In a wider sense, a compound of saccharose, or any similar
carbohydrate, with such bases as the oxides of calcium, barium, or
lead; a sucrate.

SACCHARIC
Sac*char"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, saccharine substances;
specifically, designating an acid obtained, as a white amorphous
gummy mass, by the oxidation of mannite, glucose, sucrose, etc.

SACCHARIFEROUS
Sac`cha*rif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. saccharon sugar + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing sugar; as, sacchariferous canes.

SACCHARIFY
Sac*char"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saccharified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Saccharifing.] Etym: [L. saccharon sugar + -fy: cf. F. saccharifier.]

Defn: Toconvert into, or to impregnate with, sugar.

SACCHARILLA
Sac`cha*ril"la, n.

Defn: A kind of muslin.

SACCHARIMETER
Sac`cha*rim"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. saccharon sugar + -meter: cf. F.
saccharimètre.]

Defn: An instrument for ascertain the quantity of saccharine matter
in any solution, as the juice of a plant, or brewers' and distillers'
worts. [Written also saccharometer.]

Note: The common saccharimeter of the brewer is an hydrometer adapted
by its scale to point out the proportion of saccharine matter in a
solution of any specific gravity. The polarizing saccharimeter of the
chemist is a complex optical apparatus, in which polarized light is
transmitted through the saccharine solution, and the proportion of
sugar indicated by the relative deviation of the plane of
polarization.

SACCHARIMETRICAL
Sac`cha*ri*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to saccharimetry; obtained saccharimetry.

SACCHARIMETRY
Sac`cha*rim"e*try, n.

Defn: The act, process or method of determining the amount and kind
of sugar present in sirup, molasses, and the like, especially by the
employment of polarizing apparatus.

SACCHARIN
Sac"cha*rin, n. Etym: [F., from L. saccharon sugar.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter white crystalline substance obtained from the
saccharinates and regarded as the lactone of saccharinic acid; -- so
called because formerly supposed to be isomeric with cane sugar
(saccharose).

SACCHARINATE
Sac"cha*ri*nate, n. (Chem.)
(a) A salt of saccharinic acid.
(b) A salt of saccharine.

SACCHARINE
Sac"cha*rine ( or ), a. Etym: [F. saccharin, fr. L. saccharob sugar,
Gr. çarkara. Cf. Sugar.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to sugar; having the qualities of sugar;
producing sugar; sweet; as, a saccharine taste; saccharine matter.

SACCHARINE
Sac"cha*rine ( or ), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A trade name for benzoic sulphinide. [Written also saccharin.]
C7H5NO3S.

SACCHARINIC
Sac"cha*rin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, saccharin; specifically,
designating a complex acid not known in the free state but well known
in its salts, which are obtained by boiling dextrose and levulose
(invert sugar) with milk of lime.

SACCHARIZE
Sac"cha*rize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saccharized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Saccharizing.]

Defn: To convert into, or to impregnate with, sugar.

SACCHAROID; SACCHAROIDAL
Sac"cha*roid, Sac`cha*roid"al, a. Etym: [L. saccharon sugar + -oid:
cf. F. saccharoïde.]

Defn: resembling sugar, as in taste, appearance, consistency, or
composition; as, saccharoidal limestone.

SACCHAROMETER
Sac`cha*rom"e*ter, n.

Defn: A saccharimeter.

SACCHAROMYCES
Sac`cha*ro*my"ces, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A genus of budding fungi, the various species of which have the
power, to a greater or less extent, or splitting up sugar into
alcohol and carbonic acid. They are the active agents in producing
fermentation of wine, beer, etc. Saccharomyces cerevisiæ is the yeast
of sedimentary beer. Also called Torula.

SACCHAROMYCETES
Sac`cha*ro*my*ce"tes, n. pl. (Biol.)

Defn: A family of fungi consisting of the one genus Saccharomyces.

SACCHARONATE
Sac"cha*ro*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of saccharonic acid.

SACCHARONE
Sac"cha*rone, n. Etym: [Saccharin + lactone,] (Chem.)
(a) A white crystalline substance, C6H8O6, obtained by the oxidation
of saccharin, and regarded as the lactone of saccharonic acid.
(b) An oily liquid, C6H10O2, obtained by the reduction of saccharin.

SACCHARONIC
Sac`cha*ron"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, saccharone; specifically,
designating an unstable acid which is obtained from saccharone (a) by
hydration, and forms a well-known series of salts.

SACCHAROSE
Sac"cha*rose`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Cane sugar; sucrose; also, in general, any one of the group of
which saccharose, or sucrose proper, is the type. See Sucrose.

SACCHAROUS
Sac"cha*rous, a.

Defn: Saccharine.

SACCHARUM
Sac"cha*rum, n. Etym: [NL. See Saccharine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tall tropical grasses including the sugar cane.

SACCHOLACTATE
Sac`cho*lac"tate, n. Etym: [See Saccharolactatic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of saccholactactic acid; -- formerly called also
saccholate. [Obs.] See Mucate.

SACCHOLACTIC
Sac`cho*lac"tic, a. Etym: [L. saccharon sugar + lac, lactis, milk.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid now called mucic
acid; saccholic. [Obs.]

SACCHOLIC
Sac*chol"ic, a.

Defn: Saccholatic. [Obs.]

SACCHULMATE
Sac*chul"mate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sacchulmic acid.

SACCHULMIC
Sac*chul"mic, a. Etym: [Saccharine + ulmic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained as a dark
amorphous substance by the long-continued boiling of sucrose with
very dilute sulphuric acid. It resembles humic acid. [Written also
sacculmic.]

SACCHULMIN
Sac*chul"min, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An amorphous huminlike substance resembling sacchulmic acid,
and produced together with it.

SACCIFEROUS
Sac*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. saccus a sack + -ferous.] (Biol.)

Defn: Bearing a sac.

SACCIFORM
Sac"ci*form, a. Etym: [L. saccus a sack + -form.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having the general form of a sac.

SACCOGLOSSA
Sac`co*glos"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. saccus a sack + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pellibranchiata.

SACCULAR
Sac"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Like a sac; sacciform.

SACCULATED
Sac"cu*la`ted, a.

Defn: Furnished with little sacs.

SACCULE
Sac"cule, n. Etym: [L. sacculus, dim. of saccus sack.]

Defn: A little sac; specifically, the sacculus of the ear.

SACCULO-COCHLEAR
Sac`cu*lo-coch"le*ar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: pertaining to the sacculus and cochlea of the ear.

SACCULO-UTRICULAR
Sac`cu*lo-u*tric"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the sacculus and utriculus of the ear.

SACCULUS
Sac"cu*lus, n.; pl. Sacculi. Etym: [L., little sack.] (Anat.)

Defn: A little sac; esp., a part of the membranous labyrinth of the
ear. See the Note under Ear.

SACCUS
Sac"cus, n.; pl. Sacci. Etym: [L., a sack.] (Biol.)

Defn: A sac.

SACELLUM
Sa*cel"lum, n.; pl. Sacella. Etym: [L., dim. of sacrum a sacred
place.]
(a) (Rom. Antiq.) An unroofed space consecrated to a divinity.
(b) (Eccl.) A small monumental chapel in a church. Shipley.

SACERDOTAL
Sac`er*do"tal, a. Etym: [L. sacerdotalis, fr. sacerdos, -otis, a
priest, fr.sacer holy, sacred: cf. F. sacerdotal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to priests, or to the order of priests;
relating to the priesthood; priesty; as, sacerdotal dignity;
sacerdotal functions.
The ascendency of the sacerdotal order was long the ascendency which
naturally and properly belongs to intellectual superiority. Macaulay.

SACERDOTALISM
Sac`er*do"tal*ism, m.

Defn: The system, style, spirit, or character, of a priesthood, or
sacerdotal order; devotion to the interests of the sacerdotal order.

SACERDOTALLY
Sac`er*do"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sacerdotal manner.

SACHEL
Sach"el, n.

Defn: A small bag. See Satchel.

SACHEM
Sa"chem, n.

Defn: A chief of a tribe of the American Indians; a sagamore.

SACHEMDOM
Sa"chem*dom, n.

Defn: The government or jurisdiction of a sachem. Dr. T. Dwight.

SACHEMSHIP
Sa"chem*ship, n.

Defn: Office or condition of a sachem.

SACHET
Sa`chet", n. Etym: [F., dim. of sac. See Sac.]

Defn: A scent bag, or perfume cushion, to be laid among
handkerchiefe, garments, etc., to perfume them.

SACIETY
Sa*ci"e*ty, n.

Defn: Satiety. [Obs.] Bacon.

SACK
Sack, n. Etym: [OE. seck, F. sec dry (cf. Sp. seco, It secco), from
L. siccus dry, harsh; perhaps akin to Gr. sikata sand, Ir. sesc dry,
W. hysp. Cf. Desiccate.]

Defn: A anme formerly given to various dry Spanish wines. "Sherris
sack." Shak. Sack posset, a posset made of sack, and some other
ingredients.

SACK
Sack, n. Etym: [OE. sak, sek, AS. sacc, sæcc, L. saccus, Gr. sak; cf.
F. sac from the Latin. Cf. Sac, Satchel, Sack to plunder.]

1. A bag for holding and carrying goods of any kind; a receptacle
made of some kind of pliable material, as cloth, leather, and the
like; a large pouch.

2. A measure of varying capacity, according to local usage and the
substance. The American sack of salt is 215 pounds; the sack of
wheat, two bushels. McElrath.

3. Etym: [Perhaps a different word.]

Defn: Originally, a loosely hanging garnment for women, worn like a
cloak about the shoulders, and serving as a decorative appendage to
the gown; now, an outer garment with sleeves, worn by women; as, a
dressing saek. [Written also sacque.]

4. A sack coat; a kind of coat worn by men, and extending from top to
bottom without a cross seam.

5. (Biol.)

Defn: See 2d Sac, 2. Sack bearer (Zoöl.). See Basket worm, under
Basket.
 -- Sack tree (Bot.), an East Indian tree (Antiaris saccidora) which
is cut into lengths, and made into sacks by turning the bark inside
out, and leaving a slice of the wood for a bottom.
 -- To give the sack to or get the sack, to discharge, or be
discharged, from employment; to jilt, or be jilted. [Slang]

SACK
Sack, v. t.

1. To put in a sack; to bag; as, to sack corn.
Bolsters sacked in cloth, blue and crimson. L. Wallace.

2. To bear or carry in a sack upon the back or the shoulders.
[Colloq.]

SACK
Sack, n. Etym: [F. sac plunder, pillage, originally, a pack, packet,
booty packed up, fr. L. saccus. See Sack a bag.]

Defn: the pillage or plunder, as of a town or city; the storm and
plunder of a town; devastation; ravage.
The town was stormed, and delivered up to sack, -- by which phrase is
to be understood the perpetration of all those outrages which the
ruthless code of war allowed, in that age, on the persons and
property of the defenseless inhabitants, without regard to sex or
age. Prescott.

SACK
Sack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sacked; p. pr. & vb. n. Sacking.] Etym:
[See Sack pillage.]

Defn: To plunder or pillage, as a town or city; to devastate; to
ravage.
The Romans lay under the apprehension of seeing their city sacked by
a barbarous enemy. Addison.

SACKAGE
Sack"age (; 48), n.

Defn: The act of taking by storm and pillaging; sack. [R.] H. Roscoe.

SACKBUT
Sack"but, n. Etym: [F. saquebute, OF. saqueboute a sackbut. earlier,
a sort of hook attached to the end of a lance used by foot soldiers
to unhorse cavalrymen; prop. meaning, pull and push; fr. saquier,
sachier, to pull, draw (perhaps originally, to put into a bag or take
out from a bag; see Sack a bag) + bouter to push (see Butt to
thrust). The name was given to the musical instrument from its being
lengthened and shortened.] (Mus.)

Defn: A brass wind instrument, like a bass trumpet, so contrived that
it can be lengthened or shortened according to the tone required; --
said to be the same as the trombone. [Written also sagbut.] Moore
(Encyc. of Music).

Note: The sackbut of the Scriptures is supposed to have been a
stringed instrument.

SACKCLOTH
Sack"cloth`, n.

Defn: Linen or cotton cloth such a sacks are made of; coarse cloth;
anciently, a cloth or garment worn in mourning, distress,
mortification, or penitence.
Gird you with sackcloth, and mourn before Abner. 2 Sam. iii. 31.
Thus with sackcloth I invest my woe. Sandys.

SACKCLOTHED
sack"clothed`, a.

Defn: Clothed in sackcloth.

SACKER
Sack"er, n.

Defn: One who sacks; one who takes part in the storm and pillage of a
town.

SACKFUL
Sack"ful, n.; pl. Sackfuls (.

Defn: As much as a sack will hold.

SACKFUL
Sack"ful, a.

Defn: Bent on plunder. [Obs.] Chapman.

SACKING
Sack"ing, n. Etym: [AS. sæccing, from sæcc sack, bag.]

Defn: Stout, coarse cloth of which sacks, bags, etc., are made.

SACKLESS
Sack"less, a. Etym: [AS. sacleás; sacu contention + leás loose, free
from.]

Defn: Quiet; peaceable; harmless; innocent. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SACK-WINGED
Sack"-winged`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a peculiar pouch developed near the front edge of the
wing; -- said of certain bats of the genus Saccopteryx.

SACQUE
Sacque, n. Etym: [Formed after the analogy of the French. See 2d
Sack.]

Defn: Same as 2d Sack, 3.

SACRAL
Sa"cral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sacrum; in the region of the sacrum.

SACRAMENT
Sac"ra*ment, n. Etym: [L. sacramentum an oath, a sacred thing, a
mystery, a sacrament, fr. sacrare to declare as sacred, sacer sacred:
cf. F. sacrament. See Sacred.]

1. The oath of allegiance taken by Roman soldiers; hence, a sacred
ceremony used to impress an obligation; a solemn oath-taking; an
oath. [Obs.]
I'll take the sacrament on't. Shak.

2. The pledge or token of an oath or solemn cobenant; a sacred thing;
a mystery. [Obs.]
God sometimes sent a light of fire, and pillar of a cloud . . . and
the sacrament of a rainbow, to guide his people through their portion
of sorrows. Jer. Taylor.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: One of the solemn religious ordinances enjoined by Christ, the
head of the Christian church, to be observed by his followers; hence,
specifically, the eucharist; the Lord's Supper.

Syn.
 -- Sacrament, Eucharist.
 -- Protestants apply the term sacrament to baptism and the Lord's
Supper, especially the latter. The R. Cath. and Greek churches have
five other sacraments, viz., confirmation, penance, holy orders,
matrimony, and extreme unction. As sacrament denotes an oath or vow,
the word has been applied by way of emphasis to the Lord's Supper,
where the most sacred vows are renewed by the Christian in
commemorating the death of his Redeemer. Eucharist denotes the giving
of thanks; and this term also has been applied to the same ordinance,
as expressing the grateful remembrance of Christ's sufferings and
death. "Some receive the sacrament as a means to procure great graces
and blessings; others as an eucharist and an office of thanksgiving
for what they have received." Jer. Taylor.

SACRAMENT
Sac"ra*ment, v. t.

Defn: To bind by an oath. [Obs.] Laud.

SACRAMENTAL
Sac`ra*men"tal, a. Etym: [L. sacramentalis: cf. F. sacramental,
sacramentel.]

1. Of or pertaining to a sacrament or the sacraments; of the nature
of a sacrament; sacredly or solemny binding; as, sacramental rites or
elements.

2. Bound by a sacrament.
The sacramental host of God's elect. Cowper.

SACRAMENTAL
Sac`ra*men"tal, n.

Defn: That which relates to a sacrament. Bp. Morton.

SACRAMENTALISM
Sac`ra*men"tal*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine and use of sacraments; attashment of excessive
importance to sacraments.

SACRAMENTALIST
Sac`ra*men"tal*ist, n.

Defn: One who holds the doctrine of the real objective presence of
Christ;s body and blood in the holy eucharist. Shipley.

SACRAMENTALLY
Sac`ra*men"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sacrament manner.

SACRAMENTARIAN
Sac`ra*men*ta"ri*an, n. Etym: [LL. sacramentarius: cf. F.
sacramentaire.]

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: A name given in the sixteenth century to those German reformers
who rejected both the Roman and the Lutheran doctrine of the holy
eucharist.

2. One who holds extreme opinions regarding the efficacy of
sacraments.

SACRAMENTARIAN
Sac`ra*men*ta"ri*an, a.

1. Of or pertaining a sacrament, or to the sacramentals; sacramental.

2. Of or pertaining to the Sacramentarians.

SACRAMENTARY
Sac`ra*men"ta*ry, a.

1. Of or pertaining a sacrament or the sacraments; sacramental.

2. Of or pertaining to the Sacramentarians.

SACRAMENTARY
Sac`ra*men"ta*ry, n.; pl. -ries. Etym: [LL. sacramentarium: cf. F.
sacramentaire.]

1. An ancient book of the Roman Catholic Church, written by Pope
Gelasius, and revised, corrected, and abridged by St. Gregory, in
which were contained the rites for Mass, the sacraments, the
dedication of churches, and other ceremonies. There are several
ancient books of the same kind in France and Germany.

2. Same as Sacramentarian, n., 1.
Papists, Anabaptists, and Sacramentaries. Jer. Taylor.

SACRAMENTIZE
Sac"ra*ment*ize, v. i.

Defn: To administer the sacraments. [R.]
Both to preach and sacramentize. Fuller.

SACRARIUM
Sa*cra"ri*um, n.; pl. -ria. Etym: [L., fr. sacer sacred.]

1. A sort of family chapel in the houses of the Romans, devoted to a
special divinity.

2. The adytum of a temple. Gwilt.

3. In a Christian church, the sanctuary.

SACRATE
Sa"crate, v. t. Etym: [L. sacratus, p.p. of sacrare. See Sacred.]

Defn: To consecrate. [Obs.]

SACRATION
Sa*cra"tion, n.

Defn: Consecration. [Obs.]

SACRE
Sa"cre, n.

Defn: See Sakker.

SACRE
Sa"cre, v. t. Etym: [F. sacrer. See Sacred.]

Defn: To consecrate; to make sacred. [Obs.] Holland.

SACRED
Sa"cred, a. Etym: [Originally p.p. of OE. sacren to consecrate, F.
sacrer, fr. L. sacrare, fr. sacer sacred, holy, cursed. Cf.
Consecrate, Execrate, Saint, Sextion.]

1. Set apart by solemn religious ceremony; especially, in a good
sense, made holy; set apart to religious use; consecrated; not
profane or common; as, a sacred place; a sacred day; sacred service.

2. Relating to religion, or to the services of religion; not secular;
religious; as, sacred history.
Smit with the love of sacred song. Milton.

3. Designated or exalted by a divine sanction; possessing the highest
title to obedience, honor, reverence, or veneration; entitled to
extreme reverence; venerable.
Such neighbor nearness to our sacred [royal] blood Should nothing
privilege him. Shak.
Poet and saint to thee alone were given, The two most sacred names of
earth and heaven. Cowley.

4. Hence, not to be profaned or violated; inviolable.
Secrets of marriage still are sacred held. Dryden.

5. Consecrated; dedicated; devoted; -- with to.
A temple, sacred to the queen oflove. Dryden.

6. Solemnly devoted, in a bad sense, as to evil, vengeance, curse, or
the like; accursed; baleful. [Archaic]
But, to destruction sacred and devote. Milton.

Society of the Sacred Heart (R.C. Ch.), a religious order of women,
founded in France in 1800, and approved in 1826. It was introduced
into America in 1817. The members of the order devote themselves to
the higher branches of female education.
 -- Sacred baboon. (Zoöl.) See Hamadryas.
 -- Sacred bean (Bot.), a seed of the Oriental lotus (Nelumbo
speciosa or Nelimbium speciosum), a plant resembling a water lily;
also, the plant itself. See Lotus.
 -- Sacred beetle (Zoöl.) See Scarab.
 -- Sacred canon. See Canon, n., 3.
 -- Sacred fish (Zoöl.), any one of fresh-water African fishes of the
family Mormyridæ. Several large species inhabit the Nile and were
considered sacred by the ancient Egyptians; especially Mormyris
oxyrhynchus.
 -- Sacred ibis. See Ibis.
 -- Sacred monkey. (Zoöl.) (a) Any Asiatic monkey of the genus
Semnopitchecus, regarded as sacred by the Hindoos; especially, the
entellus. See Entellus. (b) The sacred baboon. See Hamadryas. (c) The
blunder monkey.
 -- Sacred place (Civil Law), the place where a deceased person is
buried.

Syn.
 -- Holy; divine; hallowed; consecrated; dedicated; devoted;
religious; venerable; reverend.
 -- Sa"cred*ly, adv.
 -- Sa"cred*ness, n.

SACRIFIC; SACRIFICAL
Sacrif"ic, Sa*crif"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. sacrificus, sacrificalis. See
Sacrifice.]

Defn: Employed in sacrifice. [R.] Johnson.

SACRIFICABLE
Sa*crif"ic*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being offered in sacrifice. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

SACRIFICANT
Sa*crif"ic*ant, n. Etym: [L. sacrificans, p.pr. See Sacrifice.]

Defn: One who offers a sacrifice. [R.]

SACRIFICATOR
Sac"ri*fi*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A sacrificer; one who offers a sacrifice. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

SACRIFICATORY
Sa*crif"ic`a*to*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sacrificatoire.]

Defn: Offering sacrifice. [R.] Sherwood.

SACRIFICE
Sac"ri*fice, n. Etym: [OE. sacrifise, sacrifice, F. sacrifice, fr. L.
sacrificium; sacer sacer + facere to make. See Sacred, and Fact.]

1. The offering of anything to God, or to a god; consecratory rite.
Great pomp, and sacrifice, and praises loud, To Dagon. Milton.

2. Anything consecrated and offered to God, or to a divinity; an
immolated victin, or an offering of any kind, laid upon an altar, or
otherwise presented in the way of religious thanksgiving, atonement,
or conciliation.
Moloch, horrid king, besmeared with blood Of human sacrifice. Milton.
My life, if thou preserv's my life, Thy sacrifice shall be. Addison.

3. Destruction or surrender of anything for the sake of something
else; devotion of some desirable object in behalf of a higher object,
or to a claim deemed more pressing; hence, also, the thing so devoted
or given up; as, the sacrifice of interest to pleasure, or of
pleasure to interest.

4. A sale at a price less than the cost or the actual value.
[Tradesmen's Cant] Burnt sacrifice. See Burnt offering, under Burnt.
 -- Sacrifice hit (Baseball), in batting, a hit of such a kind that
the batter loses his chance of tallying, but enables one or more who
are on bases to get home or gain a base.

SACRIFICE
Sac"ri*fice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sacrificed (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sacrificing (.] Etym: [From Sacrifice, n.: cf. F. sacrifier, L.
sacrificare; sacer sacred, holy + -ficare (only in comp.) to make.
See -fy.]

1. To make an offering of; to consecrate or present to a divinity by
way of expiation or propitiation, or as a token acknowledgment or
thanksgiving; to immolate on the altar of God, in order to atone for
sin, to procure favor, or to express thankfulness; as, to sacrifice
an ox or a sheep.
Oft sacrificing bullock, lamb, or kid. Milton.

2. Hence, to destroy, surrender, or suffer to be lost, for the sake
of obtaining something; to give up in favor of a higher or more
imperative object or duty; to devote, with loss or suffering.
Condemned to sacrifice his childish years To babbling ignorance, and
to empty fears. Prior.
The Baronet had sacrificed a large sum . . . for the sake of . . .
making this boy his heir. G. Eliot.

3. To destroy; to kill. Johnson.

4. To sell at a price less than the cost or the actual value.
[Tradesmen's Cant]

SACRIFICE
Sac"ri*fice, v. i.

Defn: To make offerings to God, or to a deity, of things consumed on
the altar; to offer sacrifice.
O teacher, some great mischief hath befallen To that meek man, who
well had sacrificed. Milton.

SACRIFICER
Sac"ri*fi`cer, n.

Defn: One who sacrifices.

SACRIFICIAL
Sac`ri*fi"cial, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to sacrifice or sacrifices; consisting in
sacrifice; performing sacrifice. "Sacrificial rites." Jer. Taylor.

SACRILEGE
Sac"ri*lege, n. Etym: [F. sacrilège, L. sacrilegium, from sacrilegus
that steals, properly, gathers or picks up, sacred things; sacer
sacred + legere to gather, pick up. See Sacred, and Legend.]

Defn: The sin or crime of violating or profaning sacred things; the
alienating to laymen, or to common purposes, what has been
appropriated or consecrated to religious persons or uses.
And the hid treasures in her sacred tomb With sacrilege to dig.
Spenser.
Families raised upon the ruins of churches, and enriched with the
spoils of sacrilege. South.

SACRILEGIOUS
Sac`ri*le"gious, a. Etym: [From sacrilege: cf. L. sacrilegus.]

Defn: Violating sacred things; polluted with sacrilege; involving
sacrilege; profane; impious.
Above the reach of sacrilegious hands. pope.
-- Sac`ri*le"gious*ly, adv.
 -- Sac`ri*le"gious*ness, n.

SACRILEGIST
Sac"ri*le`gist, n.

Defn: One guilty of sacrilege.

SACRING
Sac"ring,

Defn: a. & n. from Sacre. Sacring bell. See Sanctus bell, under
Sanctus.

SACRIST
Sa"crist, n. Etym: [LL. sacrista. See Sacristan.]

Defn: A sacristan; also, a person retained in a cathedral to copy out
music for the choir, and take care of the books.

SACRISTAN
Sac"ris*tan, n. Etym: [F. sacristian, LL. sacrista, fr. L. sacer. See
Sacred, and cf. Sexton.]

Defn: An officer of the church who has the care of the utensils or
movables, and of the church in general; a sexton.

SACRISTY
Sac"ris*ty, n.; pl. Sacristies. Etym: [F. sacristie, LL. sacristia,
fr. L. sacer. See Sacred.]

Defn: A apartment in a church where the sacred utensils, vestments,
etc., are kept; a vestry.

SACRO-
Sa"cro- (. (Anat.)

Defn: A combining form denoting connection with, or relation to, the
sacrum, as in sacro-coccyageal, sacro-iliac, sacrosciatic.

SACROSANCT
Sac"ro*sanct, a. Etym: [L. sucrosanctus.]

Defn: Sacred; inviolable. [R.] Dr. H. More.

SACROSCIATIC
Sa`cro*sci*at"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to both the sacrum and the hip; as, the
sacrosciatic formina formed by the sacrosciatic ligaments which
connect the sacrum and hip bone.

SACROVERTEBRAL
Sa`cro*ver"te*bral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sacrum and that part of the vertebral
column immediately anterior to it; as, the sacrovertebral angle.

SACRUM
sa"crum, n.; pl. sacra (. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sacer sacred, os sacrum
the lowest bone of the spine.] (Anat.)

Defn: That part of the vertebral column which is directly connected
with, or forms a part of, the pelvis.

Note: It may consist of a single vertebra or of several more or less
consolidated. In man it forms the dorsal, or posterior, wall of the
pelvis, and consists of five united vertebræ, which diminish in size
very rapidly to the posterior extremity, which bears the coccyx.

SACS
Sacs, n. pl.; sing. Sac (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians, which, together with the Foxes, formerly
occupied the region about Green Bay, Wisconsin. [Written also Sauks.]

SAD
Sad, a. [Compar. Sadder; supperl. Saddest.] Etym: [OE. sad sated,
tired, satisfied, firm, steadfast, AS. sæd satisfied, sated; akin to
D. zat, OS. sad, G. tt, OHG. sat, sa, saddr, Goth. saps, Lith. sotus,
L. sat, satis, enough, satur sated, Gr. Assets, Sate, Satiate,
Satisfy Satire.]

1. Sated; satisfied; weary; tired. [Obs.]
Yet of that art they can not waxen sad, For unto them it is a bitter
sweet. Chaucer.

2. Heavy; weighty; ponderous; close; hard. [Obs., except in a few
phrases; as, sad bread.]
His hand, more sad than lump of lead. Spenser.
Chalky lands are naturally cold and sad. Mortimer.

3. Dull; grave; dark; somber; -- said of colors. "Sad-colored
clothes." Walton.
Woad, or wade, is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of all sad
colors. Mortimer.

4. Serious; grave; sober; steadfast; not light or frivolous. [Obs.]
"Ripe and sad courage." Bacon.
Which treaty was wisely handled by sad and discrete counsel of both
parties. Ld. Berners.

5. Affected with grief or unhappiness; cast down with affliction;
downcast; gloomy; mournful.
First were we sad, fearing you would not come; Now sadder, that you
come so unprovided. Shak.
The angelic guards ascended, mute and sad. Milton.

6. Afflictive; calamitous; causing sorrow; as, a sad accident; a sad
misfortune.

7. Hence, bad; naughty; troublesome; wicked. [Colloq.] "Sad tipsy
fellows, both of them." I. Taylor.

Note: Sad is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, sad-colored, sad-eyed, sad-hearted, sad-looking, and
the like. Sad bread, heavy bread. [Scot. & Local, U.S.] Bartlett.

Syn.
 -- Sorrowful; mournful; gloomy; dejected; depressed; cheerless;
downcast; sedate; serious; grave; grievous; afflictive; calamitous.

SAD
Sad, v. t.

Defn: To make sorrowful; to sadden. [Obs.]
How it sadded the minister's spirits! H. Peters.

SADDA
Sad"da, n. Etym: [Per. sad-dar the hundred gates or ways; sad a
hundred + dar door, way.]

Defn: A work in the Persian tongue, being a summary of the Zend-
Avesta, or sacred books.

SADDEN
Sad"den, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saddened; p. pr. & vb. n. Saddening.]

Defn: To make sad. Specifically:
(a) To render heavy or cohesive. [Obs.]
Marl is binding, and saddening of land is the great prejudice it doth
to clay lands. Mortimer.

(b) To make dull- or sad-colored, as cloth.
(c) To make grave or serious; to make melancholy or sorrowful.
Her gloomy presence saddens all the scene. Pope.

SADDEN
Sad"den, v. i.

Defn: To become, or be made, sad. Tennyson.

SADDER
Sad"der, n.

Defn: Same as Sadda.

SADDLE
Sad"dle, n. Etym: [OE. sadel, AS. sadol; akin to D. zadel, G. sattel,
OHG. satal, satul, Icel. söedhull, Dan. & Sw. sadel; cf. Russ.
siedlo; all perh. ultimately from the root of E. sit.]

1. A seat for a rider, -- usually made of leather, padded to span
comfortably a horse's back, furnished with stirrups for the rider's
feet to rest in, and fastened in place with a girth; also, a seat for
the rider on a bicycle or tricycle.

2. A padded part of a harness which is worn on a horse's back, being
fastened in place with a girth. It serves various purposes, as to
keep the breeching in place, carry guides for the reins, etc.

3. A piece of meat containing a part of the backbone of an animal
with the ribs on each side; as, a saddle of mutton, of venison, etc.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A block of wood, usually fastened to some spar, and shaped to
receive the end of another spar.

5. (Mach.)

Defn: A part, as a flange, which is hollowed out to fit upon a convex
surface and serve as a means of attachment or support.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The clitellus of an earthworm.

7. (Arch.)

Defn: The threshold of a door, when a separate piece from the floor
or landing; -- so called because it spans and covers the joint
between two floors. Saddle bar (Arch.), one the small iron bars to
which the lead panels of a glazed window are secured. Oxf. Gloss.
 -- Saddle gall (Far.), a sore or gall upon a horse's back, made by
the saddle.
 -- Saddle girth, a band passing round the body of a horse to hold
the saddle in its place.
 -- saddle horse, a horse suitable or trained for riding with a
saddle.
 -- Saddle joint, in sheet-metal roofing, a joint formed by bending
up the edge of a sheet and folding it downward over the turned-up
edge of the next sheet.
 -- Saddle roof (Arch.), a roof having two gables and one ridge; --
said of such a roof when used in places where a different form is
more common; as, a tower surmounted by a saddle roof. Called also
saddleback roof.
 -- Saddle shell (Zoöl.), any thin plicated bivalve shaell of the
genera Placuna and Anomia; -- so called from its shape. Called also
saddle oyster.

SADDLE
Sad"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Saddling.]
Etym: [AS. sadelian.]

1. To put a saddle upon; to equip (a beast) for riding. "saddle my
horse." Shak.
Abraham rose up early saddled his ass. Gen. xxii. 3.

2. Hence: To fix as a charge or burden upon; to load; to encumber;
as, to saddle a town with the expense of bridges and highways.

SADDLEBACK
Sad"dle*back`, a.

Defn: Same as Saddle-backed. Saddleback roof. (Arch.) See Saddle
roof, under Saddle.

SADDLEBACK
Sad"dle*back`, n.

1. Anything saddle-backed; esp., a hill or ridge having a concave
outline at the top.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The harp seal.
(b) The great blackbacked gull (Larus marinus).
(c) The larva of a bombycid moth (Empretia stimulea) which has a
large, bright green, saddle-shaped patch of color on the back.

SADDLE-BACKED
Sad"dle-backed`, a.

1. Having the outline of the upper part concave like the seat of a
saddle.

2. Having a low back and high neck, as a horse.

SADDLEBAGS
Sad"dle*bags, n. pl.

Defn: Bags, usually of leather, united by straps or a band, formerly
much used by horseback riders to carry small articles, one bag
hanging on each side.

SADDLEBOW
Sad"dle*bow`, n. Etym: [AS. sadelboga.]

Defn: The bow or arch in the front part of a saddle, or the pieces
which form the front.

SADDLECLOTH
Sad"dle*cloth`, n.

Defn: A cloth under a saddle, and extending out behind; a housing.

SADDLED
Sad"dled, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a broad patch of color across the back, like a saddle;
saddle-backed.

SADDLER
Sad"dler, n. .

Defn: One who makes saddles.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A harp seal.

SADDLERY
Sad"dler*y, n.

1. The materials for making saddles and harnesses; the articles
usually offered for sale in a saddler's shop.

2. The trade or employment of a saddler.

SADDLE-SHAPED
Sad"dle-shaped`, a.

Defn: Shaped like a saddle. Specifically:
(a) (Bot.) Bent down at the sides so as to give the upper part a
rounded form. Henslow.
(b) (Geol.) Bent on each side of a mountain or ridge, without being
broken at top; -- said of strata.

SADDLETREE
Sad"dle*tree`, n.

Defn: The frame of a saddle.
For saddletree scarce reached had he, His journey to begin. Cowper.

SADDUCAIC
Sad`du*ca"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, the Sadducees; as, Sadducaic
reasonings.

SADDUCEE
Sad"du*cee, n. Etym: [L. Sadducaei, p., Gr. Tsaddukim; -- so called
from Tsadok, the founder of the sect.]

Defn: One of a sect among the ancient Jews, who denied the
resurrection, a future state, and the existence of angels.
 -- Sad`du*ce"an, a.

SADDUCEEISM; SADDUCISM
Sad"du*cee`ism, Sad"du*cism, n.

Defn: The tenets of the Sadducees.

SADDUCIZE
Sad"du*cize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sadducized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sadducizing.]

Defn: To adopt the principles of the Sadducees. Atterbury.

SADH
Sadh, n. Etym: [Skr. sadhu perfect, pure.]

Defn: A member of a monotheistic sect of Hindoos. Sadhs resemble the
Quakers in many respects. Balfour (cyc. of India).

SADIRON
Sad"i`ron, n. Etym: [Probably sad heavy + iron.]

Defn: An iron for smoothing clothes; a flatiron.

SADLY
Sad"ly, adv.

1. Wearily; heavily; firmly. [Obs.]
In go the spears full sadly in arest. Chaucer.

2. Seriously; soberly; gravely. [Obs.]
To tell thee sadly, shepherd, without blame Or our neglect, we lost
her as we came. Milton.

3. Grievously; deeply; sorrowfully; miserably. "He sadly suffers in
their grief." Dryden.

SADNESS
Sad"ness, n.

1. Heaviness; firmness. [Obs.]

2. Seriousness; gravity; discretion. [Obs.]
Her sadness and her benignity. Chaucer.

3. Quality of being sad, or unhappy; gloominess; sorrowfulness;
dejection.
Dim sadness did not spare That time celestial visages. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Sorrow; heaviness; dejection. See Grief.

SADR
Sadr, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Ziziphus (Z. lotus); -- so called by the
Arabs of Barbary, who use its berries for food. See Lotus (b).

SAENGERBUND
Saeng"er*bund`, n.; G. pl. -bünde (#). [G. sängerbund.] (Music)

Defn: A singers' union; an association of singers or singing clubs,
esp. German.

SAENGERFEST
Saeng"er*fest, n. Etym: [G. sängerfest.]

Defn: A festival of singers; a German singing festival.

SAFE
Safe, a. [Compar. Safer; superl. Safest.] Etym: [OE. sauf, F. sauf,
fr. L. salvus, akin to salus health, welfare, safety. Cf. Salute,
Salvation, Sage a plant, Save, Salvo an exception.]

1. Free from harm, injury, or risk; untouched or unthreatened by
danger or injury; unharmed; unhurt; secure; whole; as, safe from
disease; safe from storms; safe from foes. "And ye dwelled safe." 1
Sam. xii. 11.
They escaped all safe all safe to land. Acts xxvii. 44.
Established in a safe, unenvied throne. Milton.

2. Conferring safety; securing from harm; not exposing to danger;
confining securely; to be relied upon; not dangerous; as, a safe
harbor; a safe bridge, etc. "The man of safe discretion." Shak.
The King of heaven hath doomed This place our dungeon, not our safe
retreat. Milton.

3. Incapable of doing harm; no longer dangerous; in secure care or
custody; as, the prisoner is safe.
But Banquo's safe Ay, my good lord, safe in a ditch he bides. Shak.
Safe hit (Baseball), a hit which enables the batter to get to first
base even if no error is made by the other side.

Syn.
 -- Secure; unendangered; sure.

SAFE
Safe, n.

Defn: A place for keeping things in safety. Specifically:
(a) A strong and fireproof receptacle (as a movable chest of steel,
etc., or a closet or vault of brickwork) for money, valuable papers,
or the like.
(b) A ventilated or refrigerated chest or closet for securing
provisions from noxious animals or insects.

SAFE
Safe, v. t.

Defn: To render safe; to make right. [Obs.] Shak.

SAFE-CONDUCT
Safe"-con"duct, n. Etym: [Safe + conduct: cf. F. sauf-conduit.]

Defn: That which gives a safe, passage; either
(a) a convoy or guard to protect a person in an enemy's country or a
foreign country, or
(b) a writing, pass, or warrant of security, given to a person to
enable him to travel with safety. Shak.

SAFE-CONDUCT
Safe`-con*duct", v. t.

Defn: To conduct safely; to give safe-conduct to. [POetic]
He him by all the bonds of love besought To safe-conduct his love.
Spenser.

SAFEGUARD
Safe"guard`, n. Etym: [Safe = guard: cf. F. sauvegarde.]

1. One who, or that which, defends or protects; defense; protection.
Shak.
Thy sword, the safeguard of thy brother's throne. Granwille.

2. A convoy or guard to protect a traveler or property.

3. A pass; a passport; a safe-conduct. Shak.

SAFEGUARD
Safe"guard`, v. t.

Defn: To guard; to protect. Shak.

SAFE-KEEPING
Safe"-keep"ing, n. Etym: [Safe + keep.]

Defn: The act of keeping or preserving in safety from injury or from
escape; care; custody.

SAFELY
Safe"ly, adv.

Defn: In a safe manner; danger, injury, loss, or evil consequences.

SAFENESS
Safe"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being safe; freedom from hazard,
danger, harm, or loss; safety; security; as the safeness of an
experiment, of a journey, or of a possession.

SAFE-PLEDGE
Safe"-pledge", n. (Law)

Defn: A surety for the appearance of a person at a given time.
Bracton.

SAFETY
Safe"ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sauveté.]

1. The condition or state of being safe; freedom from danger or
hazard; exemption from hurt, injury, or loss.
Up led by thee, Into the heaven I have presumed, An earthly guest . .
. With like safety guided down, Return me to my native element.
Milton.

2. Freedom from whatever exposes one to danger or from libility to
cause danger or harm; safeness; hence, the quality of making safe or
secure, or of giving confidence, justifying trust, insuring against
harm or loss, etc.
Would there were any safety in thy sex, That I might put a thousand
sorrows off. Beau. & Fl.

3. Preservation from escape; close custody.
Imprison him, . . . Deliver him to safety; and return. Shak.

4. (Football)

Defn: Same as Safety touchdown, below. Safety arch (Arch.), a
discharging arch. See under Discharge, v. t.
 -- Safety belt, a belt made of some buoyant material, or which is
capable of being inflated, so as to enable a person to float in
water; a life preserver.
 -- Safety buoy, a buoy to enable a person to float in water; a
safety belt.
 -- Safety cage (Mach.), a cage for an elevator or mine lift, having
appliances to prevent it from dropping if the lifting rope should
break.
 -- Safety lamp. (Mining) See under Lamp.
 -- Safety match, a match which can be ignited only on a surface
specially prepared for the purpose.
 -- Safety pin, a pin made in the form of a clasp, with a guard
covering its point so that it will not prick the wearer.
 -- safety plug. See Fusible plug, under Fusible.
 -- Safety switch. See Switch.
 -- Safety touchdown (Football), the act or result of a player's
touching to the ground behind his own goal line a ball which received
its last impulse from a man on his own side; -- distinguished from
touchback. See Touchdown.
 -- Safety tube (Chem.), a tube to prevent explosion, or to control
delivery of gases by an automatic valvular connection with the outer
air; especially, a bent funnel tube with bulbs for adding those
reagents which produce unpleasant fumes or violent effervescence.
 -- Safety valve, a valve which is held shut by a spring or weight
and opens automatically to permit the escape of steam, or confined
gas, water, etc., from a boiler, or other vessel, when the pressure
becomes too great for safety; also, sometimes, a similar valve
opening inward to admit air to a vessel in which the pressure is less
than that of the atmosphere, to prevent collapse.

SAFETY BICYCLE
Safety bicycle.

Defn: A bicycle with equal or nearly equal wheels, usually 28 inches
diameter, driven by pedals connected to the rear (driving) wheel by a
multiplying gear.

SAFETY CHAIN
Safety chain.
 (a) (Railroads) A normally slack chain for preventing excessive
movement between a truck and a car body in sluing.
 (b) An auxiliary watch chain, secured to the clothes, usually out of
sight, to prevent stealing of the watch.
 (c) A chain of sheet metal links with an elongated hole through each
broad end, made up by doubling the first link on itself, slipping the
next link through and doubling, and so on.

SAFFLOW
Saf"flow, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The safflower. [Obs.]

SAFFLOWER
Saf"flow`er, n. Etym: [F. safeur, safior, for safran, influenced by
fleur flower. See Saffron, and Flower.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An annual composite plant (Carthamus tinctorius), the flowers
of which are used as a dyestuff and in making rouge; bastard, or
false, saffron.

2. The died flowers of the Carthamus tinctorius.

3. A dyestuff from these flowers. See Safranin (b). Oil of safflower,
a purgative oil expressed from the seeds of the safflower.

SAFFRON
Saf"fron, n. Etym: [OE. saffran, F. safran; cf. It. zafferano, Sp.
azafran, Pg. açafrao; all fr. Ar. & Per. za' faran.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A bulbous iridaceous plant (Crocus sativus) having blue flowers
with large yellow stigmas. See Crocus.

2. The aromatic, pungent, dried stigmas, usually with part of the
stile, of the Crocus sativus. Saffron is used in cookery, and in
coloring confectionery, liquors, varnishes, etc., and was formerly
much used in medicine.

3. An orange or deep yellow color, like that of the stigmas of the
Crocus sativus. Bastard saffron, Dyer's saffron. (Bot.) See
Safflower.
 -- Meadow saffron (Bot.), a bulbous plant (Colchichum autumnate) of
Europe, resembling saffron.
 -- Saffron wood (Bot.), the yellowish wood of a South African tree
(Elæodendron croceum); also, the tree itself.
 -- Saffron yellow, a shade of yellow like that obtained from the
stigmas of the true saffron (Crocus sativus).

SAFFRON
Saf"fron, a.

Defn: Having the color of the stigmas of saffron flowers; deep
orange-yellow; as, a saffron face; a saffron streamer.

SAFFRON
Saf"fron, v. t.

Defn: To give color and flavor to, as by means of saffron; to spice.
[Obs.]
And in Latyn I speak a wordes few, To saffron with my predication.
Chaucer.

SAFFRONY
Saf"fron*y, a.

Defn: Having a color somewhat like saffron; yellowish. Lord (1630).

SAFRANIN
Saf"ra*nin, n. (Chem.)
(a) An orange-red dyestuff extracted from the saffron. [R.]
(b) A red dyestuff extracted from the safflower, and formerly used in
dyeing wool, silk, and cotton pink and scarlet; -- called also
Spanish red, China lake, and carthamin.
(c) An orange-red dyestuff prepared from certain nitro compounds of
creosol, and used as a substitute for the safflower dye.

SAFRANINE
Saf"ra*nine ( or ), n. Etym: [So called because used as a substitute
for safranin.] (Chem.)

Defn: An orange-red nitrogenous dyestuff produced artificailly by
oxidizing certain aniline derivatives, and used in dyeing silk and
wool; also, any one of the series of which safranine proper is the
type.

SAG
Sag, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Sagging.] Etym:
[Akin to Sw. sacka to settle, sink down, LG.sacken, D. zakken. Cf.
Sink, v. i.]

1. To sink, in the middle, by its weight or under applied pressure,
below a horizontal line or plane; as, a line or cable supported by
its ends sags, though tightly drawn; the floor of a room sags; hence,
to lean, give way, or settle from a vertical position; as, a building
may sag one way or another; a door sags on its hinges.

2. Fig.: To lose firmness or elasticity; to sink; to droop; to flag;
to bend; to yield, as the mind or spirits, under the pressure of
care, trouble, doubt, or the like; to be unsettled or unbalanced.
[R.]
the mind I sway by, and the heart I bear, Shall never sag with doubt
nor shake with fear. Shak.

3. To loiter in walking; to idle along; to drag or droop heavily. To
sag to leeward (Naut.), to make much leeway by reason of the wind,
sea, or current; to drift to leeward; -- said of a vessel. Totten.

SAG
Sag, v. t.

Defn: To cause to bend or give way; to load.

SAG
Sag, n.

Defn: State of sinking or bending; sagging.

SAGA
Sa"ga, n.; pl. Sagas. Etym: [Icel., akin to E. saw a saying. See Say,
and cf. Saw.]

Defn: A Scandinavian legend, or heroic or mythic tradition, among the
Norsemen and kindred people; a northern European popular historical
or religious tale of olden time.
And then the blue-eyed Norseman told A saga of the days of old.
Longfellow.

SAGACIOUS
Sa*ga"cious, a. Etym: [L. sagax, sagacis, akin to sagire to perceive
quickly or keenly, and probably to E. seek. See Seek, and cf.
Presage.]

1. Of quick sense perceptions; keen-scented; skilled in following a
trail.
Sagacious of his quarry from so far. Milton.

2. Hence, of quick intellectual perceptions; of keen penetration and
judgment; discerning and judicious; knowing; far-sighted; shrewd;
sage; wise; as, a sagacious man; a sagacious remark.
Instinct . . . makes them, many times, sagacious above our
apprehension. Dr. H. More.
Only sagacious heads light on these observations, and reduce them
into general propositions. Locke.

Syn.
 -- See Shrewd.
 -- Sa*ga"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Sa-ga"cious*ness, n.

SAGACITY
Sa*gac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. sagacitas. See Sagacious.]

Defn: The quality of being sagacious; quickness or acuteness of sense
perceptions; keenness of discernment or penetration with soundness of
judgment; shrewdness.
Some [brutes] show that nice sagacity of smell. Cowper.
Natural sagacity improved by generous education. V. Knox.

Syn.
 -- Penetration; shrewdness; judiciousness.
 -- Sagacity, Penetration. Penetration enables us to enter into the
depths of an abstruse subject, to detect motives, plans, etc.
Sagacity adds to penetration a keen, practical judgment, which
enables one to guard against the designs of others, and to turn
everything to the best possible advantage.

SAGAMORE
Sag"a*more, n.

1. Etym: [Cf. Sachem.]

Defn: The head of a tribe among the American Indians; a chief; --
generally used as synonymous with sachem, but some writters
distinguished between them, making the sachem a chief of the first
rank, and a sagamore one of the second rank. "Be it sagamore, sachem,
or powwow." Longfellow.

2. A juice used in medicine. [Obs.] Johnson.

SAGAPEN
Sag"a*pen, n.

Defn: Sagapenum.

SAGAPENUM
Sag`a*pe"num, n. Etym: [L. sagapenon, sacopenium, Gr. sagapin, gomme
sagapin, sagapénum, Ar. sikbinaj, Per. sakbinah, sikbinah.] (Med.)

Defn: A fetid gum resin obtained from a species of Ferula. It has
been used in hysteria, etc., but is now seldom met with. U. S. Disp.

SAGATHY
Sag"a*thy, n. Etym: [F. sagatis: cf. Sp. sagatí, saetí.]

Defn: A mixed woven fabric of silk and cotton; or silk and wool;
sayette; also, a light woolen fabric.

SAGE
Sage, n. Etym: [OE. sauge, F. sauge, L. salvia, from salvus saved, in
allusion to its reputed healing virtues. See Safe.] (Bot.)
(a) A suffriticose labiate plant (Salvia officinalis) with grayish
green foliage, much used in flavoring meats, etc. The name is often
extended to the whole genus, of which many species are cultivated for
ornament, as the scarlet sage, and Mexican red and blue sage.
(b) The sagebrush. Meadow sage (Bot.), a blue-flowered species of
salvia (S. pratensis) growing in meadows in Europe.
 -- Sage cheese, cheese flavored with sage, and colored green by the
juice of leaves of spanish and other plants which are added to the
milk.
 -- Sage cock (Zoöl.), the male of the sage grouse; in a more general
sense, the specific name of the sage grouse.
 -- Sage green, of a dull grayish green color, like the leaves of
garden sage.
 -- Sage grouse (Zoöl.), a very large American grouse (Centrocercus
urophasianus), native of the dry sagebrush plains of Western North
America. Called also cock of the plains. The male is called sage
cock, and the female sage hen.
 -- Sage hare, or Sage rabbit (Zoöl.), a species of hare (Lepus
Nuttalli, or artemisia) which inhabits the regions of Western North
America and lives among sagebrush. By recent writers it is considered
to be merely a variety of the common cottontail, or wood rabbit.
 -- Sage hen (Zoöl.), the female of the sage grouse. Sage sparrow
(Zoöl.), a small sparrow (Amphispiza Belli, var Nevadensis) which
inhabits the dry plains of the Rocky Mountain region, living among
sagebrush.
 -- Sage thrasher (Zoöl.), a singing bird (Oroscoptes montanus) which
inhabits the sagebrush plains of Western North America.
 -- Sage willow (Bot.), a species of willow (Salix tristis) forming a
low bush with nearly sessile grayish green leaves.

SAGE
Sage, a. [Compar. Sager; superl. Sagest.] Etym: [F., fr. L. sapius
(only in nesapius unwise, foolish), fr. sapere to be wise; perhaps
akin to E. sap. Cf. Savor, Sapient, Insipid.]

1. Having nice discernment and powers of judging; prudent; grave;
sagacious.
All you sage counselors, hence! Shak.

2. Proceeding from wisdom; well judged; shrewd; well adapted to the
purpose.
Commanders, who, cloaking their fear under show of sage advice,
counseled the general to retreat. Milton.

3. Grave; serious; solemn. [R.] "[Great bards.] in sage and solemn
tunes have sung." Milton.

Syn.
 -- Wise; sagacious; sapient; grave; prudent; judicious.

SAGE
Sage, n.

Defn: A wise man; a man of gravity and wisdom; especially, a man
venerable for years, and of sound judgment and prudence; a grave
philosopher.
At his birth a star, Unseen before in heaven, proclaims him come, And
guides the Eastern sages. Milton.

SAGEBRUSH
Sage"brush`, n.

Defn: A low irregular shrub (Artemisia tridentata), of the order
Compositæ, covering vast tracts of the dry alkaline regions of the
American plains; -- called also sagebush, and wild sage.

SAGEBRUSH STATE
Sagebrush State.

Defn: Nevada; -- a nickname.

SAGELY
Sage"ly, adv.

Defn: In a sage manner; wisely.

SAGENE
Sa*gene", n. Etym: [Russ. sajene.]

Defn: A Russian measure of length equal to about seven English feet.

SAGENESS
Sage"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sage; wisdom; sagacity; prudence;
gravity. Ascham.

SAGENITE
Sag"e*nite, n. Etym: [F. sagénite, fr. L. sagena a large net. See
Saine.] (Min.)

Defn: Acicular rutile occurring in reticulated forms imbedded in
quartz.

SAGENITIC
Sag`e*nit"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Resembling sagenite; -- applied to quartz when containing
acicular crystals of other minerals, most commonly rutile, also
tourmaline, actinolite, and the like.

SAGGER
Sag"ger, n. Etym: [See Segger.]

1. A pot or case of fire clay, in which fine stoneware is inclosed
while baking in the kiln; a segga.

2. The clay of which such pots or cases are made.

SAGGING
Sag"ging, n.

Defn: A bending or sinking between the ends of a thing, in
consequence of its own, or an imposed, weight; an arching downward in
the middle, as of a ship after straining. Cf. Hogging.

SAGINATE
Sag"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. saginatus, p.p. of saginare to fat, fr.
sagina stuffing.]

Defn: To make fat; to pamper. [R.] "Many a saginated boar." Cowper.

SAGINATION
Sag`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. saginatio.]

Defn: The act of fettening or pampering. [R.] Topsell.

SAGITTA
Sa*git"ta, n. Etym: [L., an arrow.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: A small constellation north of Aquila; the Arrow.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: The keystone of an arch. [R.] gwitt.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: The distance from a point in a curve to the chord; also, the
versed sine of an arc; -- so called from its resemblance to an arrow
resting on the bow and string. [Obs.]

4. (Anat.)

Defn: The larger of the two otoliths, or ear bones, found in most
fishes.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of transparent, free-swimming marine worms having
lateral and caudal fins, and capable of swimming rapidly. It is the
type of the class Chætognatha.

SAGITTAL
Sag"it*tal, a. Etym: [L. sagitta an arrow: cf. F. saguttal.]

1. Of or pertaining to an arrow; resembling an arrow; furnished with
an arowlike appendage.

2. (Anat.)
(a) Of or pertaining to the sagittal suture; in the region of the
sagittal suture; rabdoidal; as, the sagittal furrow, or groove, on
the inner surface of the roof of the skull.
(b) In the mesial plane; as, a sagittal section of an animal.
Sagittal suture (Anat.), the suture between the two parietal bones in
the top of the skull; -- called also rabdoidal suture, and
interparietal suture.

SAGITTARIUS
Sag`it*ta"ri*us, n. Etym: [L., literally, an archer, fr. sagittarius
belonging to an arrow, fr. sagitta an arrow.] (Astron.)
(a) The ninth of the twelve signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters
about November 22, marked thus [&sagittarius;] in almanacs; the
Archer.
(b) A zodiacal constellation, represented on maps and globes as a
centaur shooting an arrow.

SAGITTARY
Sag"it*ta"ry, n. Etym: [See Sagittarius.]

1. (Myth.)

Defn: A centaur; a fabulous being, half man, half horse, armed with a
bow and quiver. Shak.

2. The Arsenal in Venice; -- so called from having a figure of an
archer over the door. Shak.

SAGITTARY
Sag"it*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. sagittarius.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, an arrow. Sir T. Browne.

SAGITTATE
Sag"it*tate, a. Etym: [NL. sagittatus, fr. L. sagitta an arrow.]

Defn: Shaped like an arrowhead; triangular, with the two basal angles
prolonged downward.

SAGITTATED
Sag"it*ta`ted, a.

Defn: Sagittal; sagittate.

SAGITTOCYST
Sag"it*to*cyst, n. Etym: [See Sagitta, and Cyst.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A defensive cell containing a minute rodlike structure which
may be expelled. Such cells are found in certain Turbellaria.

SAGO
Sa"go, n. Etym: [Malay. sagu.]

Defn: A dry granulated starch imported from the East Indies, much
used for making puddings and as an article of diet for the sick;
also, as starch, for stiffening textile fabrics. It is prepared from
the stems of several East Indian and Malayan palm trees, but chiefly
from the Metroxylon Sagu; also from several cycadaceous plants (Cycas
revoluta, Zamia integrifolia, atc.). Portland sago, a kind of sago
prepared from the corms of the cuckoopint (Arum maculatum).
 -- Sago palm. (Bot.) (a) A palm tree which yields sago. (b) A
species of Cycas (Cycas revoluta).
 -- Sago spleen (Med.), a morbid condition of the spleen, produced by
amyloid degeneration of the organ, in which a cross section shows
scattered gray translucent bodies looking like grains of sago.

SAGOIN
Sa*goin", n. Etym: [F. sagouin(formed from the native South American
name).] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marmoset; -- called also sagouin.

SAGUM
Sa"gum, n.; pl. Saga. Etym: [L. sagum, sagus; cf. Gr. Say a kind of
serge.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The military cloak of the Roman soldiers.

SAGUS
sa"gus, n. Etym: [NL. See Sago.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of palms from which sago is obtained.

SAGY
Sa"gy, a.

Defn: Full of sage; seasoned with sage.

SAHIB; SAHEB
Sa"hib, sa"heb, n. Etym: [Ar. çahib master, lord, fem. çahibah.]

Defn: A respectful title or appelation given to Europeans of rank.
[India]

SAHIBAH
Sa"hi*bah, n. Etym: [See Sahib.]

Defn: A lady; mistress. [India]

SAHIDIC
Sa*hid"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Thebaic.

SAHLITE
Sah"lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Salite.

SAHUI
Sa*hui", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marmoset.

SAI
Sa"i, n. Etym: [Cf. Pg. sahi.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Capuchin, 3 (a).

SAIBLING
Sai"bling, n. Etym: [Dial. G.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European mountain trout (Salvelinus alpinus); -- called also
Bavarian charr.

SAIC
Sa"ic, n. Etym: [F. saïque, turk. shaïka.] (Naut.)

Defn: A kind of ketch very common in the Levant, which has neither
topgallant sail nor mizzen topsail.

SAID
Said,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Say.

SAID
Said, a.

Defn: before-mentioned; already spoken of or specified; aforesaid; --
used chiefly in legal style.

SAIGA
Sai"ga, n. Etym: [Russ. saika.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An antelope (Saiga Tartarica) native of the plains of Siberia
and Eastern Russia. The male has erect annulated horns, and tufts of
long hair beneath the eyes and ears.

SAIKYR
Sai"kyr, n. (Mil.)

Defn: Same as Saker. [Obs.]

SAIL
Sail, n. Etym: [OE. seil, AS. segel, segl; akin to D. zeil, OHG.
segal, G. & Sw. segel, Icel. segl, Dan. seil. sq. root 153.]

1. An extent of canvas or other fabric by means of which the wind is
made serviceable as a power for propelling vessels through the water.
Behoves him now both sail and oar. Milton.

2. Anything resembling a sail, or regarded as a sail.

3. A wing; a van. [Poetic]
Like an eagle soaring To weather his broad sails. Spenser
.

4. the extended surface of the arm of a windmill.

5. A sailing vessel; a vessel of any kind; a craft.

Note: In this sense, the plural has usually the same forms as the
singular; as, twenty sail were in sight.

6. A passage by a sailing vessel; a journey or excursion upon the
water.

Note: Sails are of two general kinds, fore-and-aft sails, and square
sails. Square sails are always bent to yards, with their foot lying
across the line of the vessel. Fore-and-aft sails are set upon stays
or gaffs with their foot in line with the keel. A fore-and-aft sail
is triangular, or quadrilateral with the after leech longer than the
fore leech. Square sails are quardrilateral, but not necessarily
square. See Phrases under Fore, a., and Square, a.; also, Bark, Brig,
Schooner, Ship, Stay. Sail burton (Naut.), a purchase for hoisting
sails aloft for bending.
 -- Sail fluke (Zoöl.), the whiff.
 -- Sail hook, a small hook used in making sails, to hold the seams
square.
 -- Sail loft, a loft or room where sails are cut out and made.
 -- Sail room (Naut.), a room in a vessel where sails are stowed when
not in use.
 -- Sail yard (Naut.), the yard or spar on which a sail is extended.
 -- Shoulder-of-mutton sail (Naut.), a triangular sail of peculiar
form. It is chiefly used to set on a boat's mast.
 -- To crowd sail. (Naut.) See under Crowd.
 -- To loose sails (Naut.), to unfurl or spread sails.
 -- To make sail (Naut.), to extend an additional quantity of sail.
 -- To set a sail (Naut.), to extend or spread a sail to the wind.
 -- To set sail (Naut.), to unfurl or spread the sails; hence, to
begin a voyage.
 -- To shorten sail (Naut.), to reduce the extent of sail, or take in
a part.
 -- To strike sail (Naut.), to lower the sails suddenly, as in
saluting, or in sudden gusts of wind; hence, to acknowledge
inferiority; to abate pretension.
 -- Under sail, having the sails spread.

SAIL
Sail, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sailing.] Etym:
[AS. segelian, seglian. See Sail, n.]

1. To be impelled or driven forward by the action of wind upon sails,
as a ship on water; to be impelled on a body of water by the action
of steam or other power.

2. To move through or on the water; to swim, as a fish or a water
fowl.

3. To be conveyed in a vessel on water; to pass by water; as, they
sailed from London to Canton.

4. To set sail; to begin a voyage.

5. To move smoothly through the air; to glide through the air without
apparent exertion, as a bird.
As is a winged messenger of heaven, . . . When he bestrides the lazy
pacing clouds, And sails upon the bosom of the air. Shak.

SAIL
Sail, v. t.

1. To pass or move upon, as in a ship, by means of sails; hence, to
move or journey upon(the water) by means of steam or other force.
A thousand ships were manned to sail the sea. Dryden.

2. To fly through; to glide or move smoothly through.
Sublime she sails The aërial space, and mounts the winged gales.
Pope.

3. To direct or manage the motion of, as a vessel; as, to sail one's
own ship. Totten.

SAILABLE
Sail"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being sailed over; navigable; as, a sailable river.

SAILBOAT
Sail"boat`, n.

Defn: A boat propelled by a sail or sails.

SAILCLOTH
Sail"cloth`, n.

Defn: Duck or canvas used in making sails.

SAILER
Sail"er, n.

1. A sailor. [R.] Sir P. Sidney.

2. A ship or other vessel; -- with qualifying words descriptive of
speed or manner of sailing; as, a heavy sailer; a fast sailer.

SAILFISH
Sail"fish, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The banner fish, or spikefish (Histiophorus.)
(b) The basking, or liver, shark.
(c) The quillback.

SAILING
Sail"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, sails; the motion of a vessel
on water, impelled by wind or steam; the act of starting on a voyage.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The art of managing a vessel; seamanship; navigation; as,
globular sailing; oblique sailing.

Note: For the several methods of sailing, see under Circular,
Globular, Oblique, Parallel, etc. Sailing master (U. S. Navy),
formerly, a warrant officer, ranking next below a lieutenant, whose
duties were to navigate the vessel; and under the direction of the
executive officer, to attend to the stowage of the hold, to the
cables, rigging, etc. The grade was merged in that of master in 1862.

SAILLESS
Sail"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of sails. Pollok.

SAILMAKER
Sail"mak`er, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to make or repair sails.
 -- Sail"mak`ing, n.

SAILOR
Sail"or, n.

Defn: One who follows the business of navigating ships or other
vessels; one who understands the practical management of ships; one
of the crew of a vessel; a mariner; a common seaman.

Syn.
 -- Mariner; seaman; seafarer. Sailor's choice. (Zoöl.) (a) An
excellent marine food fish (Diplodus, or Lagodon, rhomboides) of the
Southern United States; -- called also porgy, squirrel fish,
yellowtail, and salt-water bream. (b) A species of grunt
(Orthopristis, or Pomadasys, chrysopterus), an excellent food fish,
common on the southern coasts of the United States; -- called also
hogfish, and pigfish.

SAILY
Sail"y, a.

Defn: Like a sail. [R.] Drayton.

SAIM
Saim, n. Etym: [OF. sain, LL. saginum, fr. L. sagina a fattening.]

Defn: Lard; grease. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

SAIMIR
Sai*mir", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The squirrel monkey.

SAIN
Sain, obs. p. p. of Say, for sayen.

Defn: Said. Shak.

SAIN
Sain, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Saint, Sane.]

Defn: To sanctify; to bless so as to protect from evil influence.
[R.] Sir W. Scott.

SAINFOIN
Sain"foin, n. Etym: [F., fr. sain wholesome (L. sanus; see Sane.) +
foin hay (L. fænum); or perh. fr. saint sacred (L. sanctus; see
Saint) + foin hay.] (Bot.)
(a) A leguminous plant (Onobrychis sativa) cultivated for fodder.
[Written also saintfoin.]
(b) A kind of tick trefoil (Desmodium Canadense). [Canada]

SAINT
Saint, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. santcus sacred, properly p.p. of sancire
to render sacred by a religious act, to appoint as sacred; akin to
sacer sacred. Cf. Sacred, Sanctity, Sanctum, Sanctus.]

1. A person sanctified; a holy or godly person; one eminent for piety
and virtue; any true Christian, as being redeemed and consecrated to
God.
Them that are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be saints. 1 Cor.
i. 2.

2. One of the blessed in heaven.
Then shall thy saints, unmixed, and from the impure Far separate,
circling thy holy mount, Unfeigned hallelujahs to thee sing. Milton.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: One canonized by the church. [Abbrev. St.] Saint Andrew's cross
(a) A cross shaped like the letter X. See Illust. 4, under Cross. (b)
(Bot.) A low North American shrub (Ascyrum Crux-Andræ, the petals of
which have the form of a Saint Andrew's cross. Gray.
 -- Saint Anthony's cross, a T-shaped cross. See Illust. 6, under
Cross.
 -- Saint Anthony's fire, the erysipelas; -- popularly so called
because it was supposed to have been cured by the intercession of
Saint Anthony.
 -- Saint Anthony's nut (Bot.), the groundnut (Bunium flexuosum); --
so called because swine feed on it, and St. Anthony was once a
swineherd. Dr. Prior.
 -- Saint Anthony's turnip (Bot.), the bulbous crowfoot, a favorite
food of swine. Dr. Prior.
 -- Saint Barnaby's thistle (Bot.), a kind of knapeweed (Centaurea
solstitialis) flowering on St. Barnabas's Day, June 11th. Dr. Prior.
 -- Saint Bernard (Zoöl.), a breed of large, handsome dogs celebrated
for strength and sagacity, formerly bred chiefly at the Hospice of
St. Bernard in Switzerland, but now common in Europe and America.
There are two races, the smooth-haired and the rough-haired. See
Illust. under Dog.
 -- Saint Catharine's flower (Bot.), the plant love-a-mist. See under
Love.
 -- Saint Cuthbert's beads (Paleon.), the fossil joints of crinoid
stems.
 -- Saint Dabeoc's heath (Bot.), a heatherlike plant (Dabæcia
polifolia), named from an Irish saint.
 -- Saint Distaff's Day. See under Distaff.
 -- Saint Elmo's fire, a luminious, flamelike appearance, sometimes
seen in dark, tempestuous nights, at some prominent point on a ship,
particularly at the masthead and the yardams. It has also been
observed on land, and is due to the discharge of electricity from
elevated or pointed objects. A single flame is called a Helena, or a
Corposant; a double, or twin, flame is called a Castor and Pollux, or
a double Corposant. It takes its name from St. Elmo, the patron saint
of sailors.
 -- Saint George's cross (Her.), a Greek cross gules upon a field
argent, the field being represented by a narrow fimbriation in the
ensign, or union jack, of Great Britain.
 -- Saint George's ensign, a red cross on a white field with a union
jack in the upper corner next the mast. It is the distinguishing
badge of ships of the royal navy of England; -- called also the white
ensign. Brande & C.
 -- Saint George's flag, a smaller flag resembling the ensign, but
without the union jack; used as the sign of the presence and command
of an admiral. [Eng.] Brande & C.
 -- Saint Gobain glass (Chem.), a fine variety of soda-lime plate
glass, so called from St.Gobain in France, where it was manufactured.
 -- Saint Ignatius's bean (Bot.), the seed of a tree of the
Philippines (Strychnos Ignatia), of properties similar to the nux
vomica.
 -- Saint Jame's shell (Zoöl.), a pecten (Vola Jacobæus) worn by
piligrims to the Holy Land. See Illust. under Scallop.
 -- Saint Jame's wort (Bot.), a kind of ragwort (Senecio Jacobæa).
 -- Saint John's bread. (Bot.) See Carob.
 -- Saint John's-wort (Bot.), any plant of the genus Hypericum, most
species of which have yellow flowers; -- called also John's-wort.
 -- Saint Leger, the name of a race for three-year-old horses run
annually in September at Doncaster, England; -- instituted in 1776 by
Col. St. Leger.
 -- Saint Martin's herb (Bot.), a small tropical American violaceous
plant (Sauvagesia erecta). It is very mucilaginous and is used in
medicine.

-- Saint Martin's summer, a season of mild, damp weather frequently
prevailing during late autumn in England and the Mediterranean
countries; -- so called from St. Martin's Festival, occuring on
November 11. It corresponds to the Indian summer in America. Shak.
Whitier.
 -- Saint Patrick's cross. See Illust 4, under Cross.
 -- Saint Patrick's Day, the 17th of March, anniversary of the death
(about 466) of St. Patrick, the apostle and patron saint of Ireland.
 -- Saint Peter's fish. (Zoöl.) See John Dory, under John.
 -- Saint Peter's-wort (Bot.), a name of several plants, as Hypericum
Ascyron, H. quadrangulum, Ascyrum stans, etc.
 -- Saint Peter's wreath (Bot.), a shrubby kind of Spiræa (S.
hypericifolia), having long slender branches covered with clusters of
small white blossoms in spring.
 -- Saint's bell. See Sanctus bell, under Sanctus.
 -- Saint Vitus's dance (Med.), chorea; -- so called from the
supposed cures wrought on intercession to this saint.

SAINT
Saint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sainted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sainting.]

Defn: To make a saint of; to enroll among the saints by an offical
act, as of the pope; to canonize; to give the title or reputation of
a saint to (some one).
A large hospital, erected by a shoemaker who has been beatified,
though never sainted. Addison.
To saint it, to act as a saint, or with a show of piety.
Whether the charmer sinner it or saint it. Shak.

SAINT
Saint, v. i.

Defn: To act or live as a saint. [R.] Shak.

SAINTDOM
Saint"dom, n.

Defn: The state or character of a saint. [R.] Tennyson.

SAINTED
Saint"ed, a.

1. Consecrated; sacred; holy; pious. "A most sainted king." Shak.
Amongst the enthroned gods on sainted seats. Milton.

2. Entered into heaven; -- a euphemism for dead.

SAINTESS
Saint"ess, n.

Defn: A female saint. [R.] Bp. Fisher.

SAINTHOOD
Saint"hood, n.

1. The state of being a saint; the condition of a saint. Walpole.

2. The order, or united body, of saints; saints, considered
collectively.
It was supposed he felt no call to anu expedition that might
sainthood. Sir W. Scott.

SAINTISH
Saint"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat saintlike; -- used ironically.

SAINTISM
Saint"ism, n.

Defn: The character or quality of saints; also, hypocritical pretense
of holiness. Wood.

SAINTLIKE
Saint"like`, a.

Defn: Resembling a saint; suiting a saint; becoming a saint; saintly.
Glossed over only with a saintlike show. Dryden.

SAINTLINESS
Saint"li*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being saintly.

SAINTLY
Saint"ly, a. [Compar. Saintlier; superl. Saintliest.]

Defn: Like a saint; becoming a holy person.
So dear to Heaven is saintly chastity. Milton.

SAINTOLOGIST
Saint*ol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Saint + -logy + -ist.] (Theol.)

Defn: One who writes the lives of saints. [R.]

SAINTSHIP
Saint"ship, n.

Defn: The character or qualities of a saint.

SAINT-SIMONIAN
Saint`-Si*mo"ni*an, n.

Defn: A follower of the Count de St. Simon, who died in 1825, and who
maintained that the principle of property held in common, and the
just division of the fruits of common labor among the members of
society, are the true remedy for the social evils which exist. Brande
& C.

SAINT-SIMONIANISM
Saint`-Si*mo"ni*an*ism, n.

Defn: The principles, doctrines, or practice of the Saint-Simonians;
-- called also Saint-Simonism.

SAINT-SIMONISM
Saint-Si"mon*ism, n.

Defn: A system of socialism in which the state owns all the property
and the laborer is entitled to share according to the quality and
amount of his work, founded by Saint Simon (1760-1825).

SAITH
Saith,

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Say. [Archaic]

SAITHE
Saithe, n. Etym: [Gael. saoidheam.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pollock, or coalfish; -- called also sillock. [Scot.]

SAIVA
Sai"va ( or ), n. Etym: [Skr. çaiva devoted to Siva.]

Defn: One of an important religious sect in India which regards Siva
with peculiar veneration.

SAIVISM
Sai"vism, n.

Defn: The worship of Siva.

SAJENE
Sa*jene", n.

Defn: Same as Sagene.

SAJOU
Sa"jou (; F. , n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Sapajou.

SAKE
Sake, n. Etym: [OE. sake cause, also, lawsuit, fault, AS. sacu
strife, a cause or suit at law; akin to D. zaak cause, thing, affair,
G. sache thing, cause in law, OHG. sahha, Icel. sök, Sw. sak, Dan.
sag, Goth. sakj strife, AS. sacan to contend, strive, Goth. sakan,
Icel. saka to contend, strive, blame, OHG. sahhan, MHG. sachen, to
contend, strive, defend one's right, accuse, charge in a lawsuit, and
also to E. seek. Cf. Seek.]

Defn: Final cause; end; purpose of obtaining; cause; motive; reason;
interest; concern; account; regard or respect; -- used chiefly in
such phrases as, for the sake, for his sake, for man's sake, for
mercy's sake, and the like; as, to commit crime for the sake of gain;
to go abroad for the sake of one's health.
Moved with wrath and shame and ladies; sake. Spenser.
I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake. Gen. viii.
21.
Will he draw out, For anger's sake, finite to infinite Milton.
Knowledge is for the sake of man, and not man for the sake of
knowledge. Sir W. Hamilton.

Note: The -s of the possessive case preceding sake is sometimes
omitted for euphony; as, for goodness sake. "For conscience sake." 1
Cor. x. 28. The plural sakes is often used with a possessive plural.
"For both our sakes." Shak.

SAKER
Sa"ker, n. Etym: [F. sacre (cf. It. sagro, Sp. & Pg. sacre), either
fr. L. sacer sacred, holy, as a translation of Gr. hawk.] [Written
also sacar, sacre.]

1. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A falcon (Falco sacer) native of Southern Europe and Asia,
closely resembling the lanner.

Note: The female is called chargh, and the male charghela, or
sakeret.
(b) The peregrine falcon. [Prov. Eng.]

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A small piece of artillery. Wilhelm.
On the bastions were planted culverins and sakers. Macaulay.
The culverins and sakers showing their deadly muzzles over the
rampart. Hawthorne.

SAKERET
Sa"ker*et, n. Etym: [F. sacret. See Saker.] (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: The male of the saker (a).

SAKI
Sa"ki, n. Etym: [Cf. F. & Pg. saki; probably from the native name.]
(Zo\'94l.)

Defn: Any one of several species of South American monkeys of the
genus Pithecia. They have large ears, and a long hairy tail which is
not prehensile.

Note: The black saki (Pithecia satanas), the white-headed
(P.leucocephala), and the red-backed, or hand-drinking, saki
(P.chiropotes), are among the best-known.

SAKI
Sa"ki, n.

Defn: The alcoholic drink of Japan. It is made from rice.sake

SAKIEH; SAKIYEH
Sak"i*eh, Sak"i*yeh, n. [Ar. saqiah canal, trench.]

Defn: A kind of water wheel used in Egypt for raising water, from
wells or pits, in buckets attached to its periphery or to an endless
rope.

SAKTI
Sak"ti, n. Etym: [Skr.] (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: The divine energy, personified as the wife of a deity (Brahma,
Vishnu, Siva, etc.); the female principle.

SAL
Sal (sall), n. Etym: [Hind. s\'bel, Skr. ç\'bela.] (Bot.)

Defn: An East Indian timber tree (Shorea robusta), much used for
building purposes. It is of a light brown color, close-grained, and
durable. [Written also saul.]

SAL
Sal (sâl), n. Etym: [L. See Salt.] (Chem. & Pharm.)

Defn: Salt. Sal absinthii Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), an impure
potassium carbonate obtained from the ashes of wormwood (Artemisia
Absinthium).
 -- Sal acetosell\'91 Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), salt of sorrel.
 -- Sal alembroth. (Old Chem.) See Alembroth.
 -- Sal ammoniac (Chem.), ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, a white
crystalline volatile substance having a sharp salty taste, obtained
from gas works, from nitrogenous matter, etc. It is largely employed
as a source of ammonia, as a reagent, and as an expectorant in
bronchitis. So called because originally made from the soot from
camel's dung at the temple of Jupiter Ammon in Africa. Called also
muriate of ammonia.
 -- Sal catharticus Etym: [NL.] (Old Med. Chem.), Epsom salts.
 -- Sal culinarius Etym: [L.] (Old Chem.), common salt, or sodium
chloride.
 -- Sal Cyrenaicus. Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.) See Sal ammoniac above.
 -- Sal de duobus, Sal duplicatum Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), potassium
sulphate; -- so called because erroneously supposed to be composed of
two salts, one acid and one alkaline.
 -- Sal diureticus Etym: [NL.] (Old Med. Chem.), potassium acetate.
 -- Sal enixum Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), acid potassium sulphate.
 -- Sal gemm\'91 Etym: [NL.] (Old Min.), common salt occuring native.
 -- Sal Jovis Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), salt tin, or stannic chloride;
-- the alchemical name of tin being Jove.
 -- Sal Martis Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), green vitriol, or ferrous
sulphate; -- the alchemical name of iron being. Mars.
 -- Sal microcosmicum Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.) See Microcosmic salt,
under Microcosmic.
 -- Sal plumbi Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), sugar of lead.
 -- Sal prunella. (Old Chem.) See Prunella salt, under 1st Prunella.
 -- Sal Saturni Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), sugar of lead, or lead
acetate; -- the alchemical name of lead being Saturn.
 -- Sal sedativus Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), sedative salt, or boric
acid.
 -- Sal Seignette Etym: [F. seignette, sel de seignette] (Chem.),
Rochelle salt.
 -- Sal soda (Chem.), sodium carbonate. See under Sodium.
 -- Sal vitrioli Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), white vitriol; zinc
sulphate.
 -- Sal volatile. Etym: [NL.] (a) (Chem.) See Sal ammoniac, above.
(b) Spirits of ammonia.

SALAAM
Sa*laam", n.

Defn: Same as Salam.
Finally, Josiah might have made his salaam to the exciseman just as
he was folding up that letter. Prof. Wilson.

SALAAM
Sa*laam", v. i.

Defn: To make or perform a salam.
I have salaamed and kowtowed to him. H. James.

SALABILITY
Sal`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being salable; salableness. Duke of
Argyll.

SALABLE
Sal"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Sale.]

Defn: Capable of being sold; fit to be sold; finding a ready market.
 -- Sal"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Sal"a*bly, adv.

SALACIOUS
Sa*la"cious, n. Etym: [L. salax, -acis, fond of leaping, lustful, fr.
salire to leap. See Salient.]

Defn: Having a propensity to venery; lustful; lecherous. Dryden.
 -- Sa*la"cious*ly, dv.
 -- Sa*la"cious*ness, n.

SALACITY
Sa*lac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. salacitas: cf. F. salacité]

Defn: Strong propensity to venery; lust; lecherousness.

SALAD
Sal"ad, n. Etym: [F. salade, OIt. salata, It. insalata, fr. salare to
salt, fr. L. sal salt. See Salt, and cf. Slaw.]

1. A preparation of vegetables, as lettuce, celery, water cress,
onions, etc., usually dressed with salt, vinegar, oil, and spice, and
eaten for giving a relish to other food; as, lettuce salad; tomato
salad, etc.
Leaves eaten raw termed salad. I. Watts.

2. A dish composed of chopped meat or fish, esp. chicken or lobster,
mixed with lettuce or other vegetables, and seasoned with oil,
vinegar, mustard, and other condiments; as, chicken salad; lobster
salad. Salad burnet (Bot.), the common burnet (Poterium Sanguisorba),
sometimes eaten as a salad in Italy.

SALADE
Sal"ade, n.

Defn: A helmet. See Sallet.

SALADING
Sal"ad*ing, n.

Defn: Vegetable for salad.

SALAERATUS
Sal`æ*ra"tus, n.

Defn: See Saleratus.

SALAGANE
Sal"a*gane, n. Etym: [From the Chinese name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The esculent swallow. See under Esculent.

SALAL-BERRY
Sal"al-ber`ry, n. Etym: [Probably of American Indian origin.] (Bot.)

Defn: The edible fruit of the Gaultheria Shallon, an ericaceous shrub
found from California northwards. The berries are about the size of a
common grape and of a dark purple color.

SALAM
Sa*lam (sa*läm"), n. Etym: [Ar. salam peace, safety.]

Defn: A salutation or compliment of ceremony in the east by word or
act; an obeisance, performed by bowing very low and placing the right
palm on the forehead. [Written also salaam.]

SALAMANDER
Sal"a*man`der, n. Etym: [F. salamandre, L. salamandra, Gr. samander,
samandel.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of Urodela, belonging to
Salamandra, Amblystoma, Plethodon, and various allied genera,
especially those that are more or less terrestrial in their habits.

Note: The salamanders have, like lizards, an elongated body, four
feet, and a long tail, but are destitute of scales. They are true
Amphibia, related to the frogs. Formerly, it was a superstition that
the salamander could live in fire without harm, and even extinguish
it by the natural coldness of its body.
I have maintained that salamander of yours with fire any time this
two and thirty years. Shak.
Whereas it is commonly said that a salamander extinguisheth fire, we
have found by experience that on hot coals, it dieth immediately. Sir
T. Browne.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pouched gopher (Geomys tuza) of the Southern United States.

3. A culinary utensil of metal with a plate or disk which is heated,
and held over pastry, etc., to brown it.

4. A large poker. [prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

5. (Metal.)

Defn: Solidofied material in a furnace hearth. Giant salamander.
(Zoöl.) See under Giant.
 -- Salamander's hair or wool (Min.), a species of asbestus or
mineral flax. [Obs.] Bacon.

SALAMANDRINA
Sal`a*man*dri"na, n.; pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Urodela, comprising salamanders.

SALAMANDRINE
Sal`a*man"drine, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a salamander; enduring fire.
Addison.

SALAMANDROID
Sal`a*man"droid, a Etym: [Salamander + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the salamanders.

SALAMANDROIDEA
sal`a*man*droi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Amphibia including the Salamanders and allied
groups; the Urodela.

SALAMSTONE
Sal"am*stone` ( or ), n. (Min.)

Defn: A kind of blue sapphire brought from Ceylon. Dana.

SALANGANA
Sa*lan"ga*na, n.

Defn: The salagane.

SALARIED
Sal"a*ried, a.

Defn: Receiving a salary; paid by a salary; having a salary attached;
as, a salaried officer; a salaried office.

SALARY
Sal"a*ry, a. Etym: [L. salarius.]

Defn: Saline [Obs.]

SALARY
Sal"a*ry, n.; pl. Salaries. Etym: [F. salarie, L. salarium,
originally, salt money, the money given to the Roman soldiers for
salt, which was a part of thir pay, fr. salarius belonging to salt,
fr. sal salt. See Salt.]

Defn: The recompense or consideration paid, or stipulated to be paid,
to a person at regular intervals for services; fixed wages, as by the
year, quarter, or month; stipend; hire.
This is hire and salary, not revenge. Shak.

Note: Recompense for services paid at, or reckoned by, short
intervals, as a day or week, is usually called wages.

Syn.
 -- Stipend; pay; wages; hire; allowance.

SALARY
Sal"a*ry v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salaried; p. pr. & vb. n. Salarying.]

Defn: To pay, or agree to pay, a salary to; to attach salary to; as,
to salary a clerk; to salary a position.

SALE
Sale, n.

Defn: See 1st Sallow. [Obs.] Spenser.

SALE
Sale, n. Etym: [Icel. sala, sal, akin to E.sell. See Sell, v. t.]

1. The act of selling; the transfer of property, or a contract to
transfer the ownership of property, from one person to another for a
valuable consideration, or for a price in money.

2. Opportunity of selling; demand; market.
They shall have ready sale for them. Spenser.

3. Public disposal to the highest bidder, or exposure of goods in
market; auction. Sir W. Temple. Bill of sale. See under Bill.
 -- Of sale, On sale, For sale, to be bought or sold; offered to
purchasers; in the market.
 -- To set to sale, to offer for sale; to put up for purchase; to
make merchandise of. [Obs.] Milton.

SALEABLE; SALEABLY
Sale"a*ble, a., Sale"a*bly, adv., etc.

Defn: See Salable, Salably, etc.

SALEB
Sal"eb, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Salep.

SALEBROSITY
Sal`e*bros"i*ty, n.

Defn: Roughness or ruggedness. [Obs.] Feltham.

SALEBROUS
Sal"e*brous, a. Etym: [L. salebosus, fr. salebra a rugged road, fr.
salire to leap.]

Defn: Rough; rugged. [Obs.]

SALEP
Sal"ep, n. Etym: [Ar. sahleb, perhaps a corruption of an Arabic word
for fox, one Ar. name of the orchis signifying literally, fox's
testicles: cf. F. salep.] [Written also saleb, salop, and saloop.]

Defn: The dried tubers of various species of Orchis, and Eulophia. It
is used to make a nutritious beverage by treating the powdered
preparation with hot water. U. S. Disp.

SALERATUS
Sal`e*ra"tus, n. Etym: [NL. sal aëratus; -- so called because it is a
source of fixed air (carbon dioxide). See Sal, and and Aërated.] (Old
Chem.)

Defn: Aërated salt; a white crystalline substance having an alkaline
taste and reaction, consisting of sodium bicarbonate (see under
Sodium.) It is lagerly used in cooking, with sour milk (lactic acid)
or cream of tartar as a substitute for yeast. It is also an
ingridient of most baking powders, and is used in the preparation of
effervescing drinks.

SALESMAN
Sales"man, n.; pl. Salesmen. Etym: [Sale + man.]

Defn: One who sells anything; one whose occupation is to sell goods
or merchandise.

SALESWOMAN
Sales"wom`an, n.; pl. Saleswomen (.

Defn: A woman whose occupation is to sell goods or merchandise.

SALEWORK
Sale"work`, n.

Defn: Work or things made for sale; hence, work done carelessly or
slightingly. Shak.

SALIAN
Sa"lian, a.

Defn: Denoting a tribe of Franks who established themselves early in
the fourth century on the river Sala [now Yssel]; Salic.
 -- n.

Defn: A Salian Frank.

SALIANT
Sa"li*ant, a. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Salient.

SALIAUNCE
Sal"i*aunce, a. Etym: [See Sally.]

Defn: Salience; onslaught. [Obs.] "So fierce saliaunce." Spenser.

SALIC
Sal"ic, a. Etym: [F. salique, fr. the Salian Franks, who, in the
fifth century, formed a body of laws called in latin leges Salicæ.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Salian Franks, or to the Salic law so
called. [Also salique.] Salic law. (a) A code of laws formed by the
Salian Franks in the fifth century. By one provision of this code
women were excluded from the inheritance of landed property. (b)
Specifically, in modern times, a law supposed to be a special
application of the above-mentioned provision, in accordance with
which males alone can inherit the throne. This law has obtained in
France, and at times in other countries of Europe, as Spain.

SALICACEOUS
Sal`i*ca"ceous, a. Etym: [L. salix, -icis, the willow.]

Defn: Belonging or relating to the willow.

SALICIN
Sal"i*cin, n. Etym: [L. salix, -icis, a willow: cf. F. salicine. See
Sallow the tree.] (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside found in the leaves of several species of willow
(Salix) and poplar, and extracted as a bitter white crystalline
substance.salicyl alcohol glucoside, salicyl alcohol b-D-
glucopyranoside, saligenin b-D-glucopyranoside, C13H18O7. It is used
in biochemistry as a standard substrate for evaluating the potency of
b-glucosidase in enzymatic preparations. It is also an analgesic.

SALICYL
Sal"i*cyl, n. Etym: [Salicin + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical of salicylic acid and of certain
related compounds.

SALICYLAL
Sal"i*cyl`al, n. Etym: [Salicylic + aldehide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A thin, fragrant, colorless oil, HO.C6H4.CHO, found in the
flowers of meadow sweet (Spiræa), and also obtained by oxidation of
saligenin, etc. It reddens on exposure. Called also salycylol,
salicylic aldehyde, and formerly salicylous, or spiroylous, acid.

SALICYLATE
Sal"i*cyl`ate (-ayt), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of salicylic acid.

SALICYLIC
Sal`i*cyl"ic, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid formerly
obtained by fusing salicin with potassium hydroxide, and now made in
large quantities from phenol (carbolic acid) by the action of carbon
dioxide on heated sodium phenolate. It is a white crystalline
substance. It is used as an antiseptic, and in its salts in the
treatment of rheumatism. Called also hydroxybenzoic acid.

SALICYLIDE
Sal"i*cyl`ide, n. Etym: [Salicylic + anhydride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance obtained by dehydration of
salicylic acid.

SALICYLITE
Sal"i*cyl`ite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of salicylal; -- named after the analogy of a salt.

SALICYLOL
Sal"i*cyl`ol, n. Etym: [Salicylic + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Salicylal.

SALICYLOUS
Sa*lic"y*lous ( or ), a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a substance called salicylous
acid, and now salicylal. [Obs.]

SALIENCE
Sa"li*ence, n. Etym: [See Salient.]

1. That quality or condition of being salient; a leaping; a springing
forward; an assaulting.

2. The quality or state of projecting, or being projected;
projection; protrusion. Sir W. Hamilton.

SALIENCY
Sa"li*en*cy, n.

Defn: Quality of being salient; hence, vigor. "A fatal lack of poetic
saliency." J. Morley.

SALIENT
Sa"li*ent, a. Etym: [L. saliens, -entis, p.pr. of salire to leap; cf.
F. saillant. See Sally, n. & v. i..]

1. Moving by leaps or springs; leaping; bounding; jumping. "Frogs and
salient animals." Sir T. Browne.

2. Shooting out up; springing; projecting.
He had in himself a salient, living spring of generous and manly
action. Burke.

3. Hence, figuratively, forcing itself on the attention; prominent;
conspicuous; noticeable.
He [Grenville] had neither salient traits, nor general
comprehensiveness of mind. Bancroft.

4. (Math. & Fort.)

Defn: Projectiong outwardly; as, a salient angle; -- opposed to
reëntering. See Illust. of Bastion.

5. (Her.)

Defn: Represented in a leaping position; as, a lion salient. Salient
angle. See Salient, a., 4.
 -- Salient polygon (Geom.), a polygon all of whose angles are
salient.
 -- Salient polyhedron (Geom.), a polyhedron all of whose solid
angles are salient.

SALIENT
Sa"li*ent, a. (Fort.)

Defn: A salient angle or part; a projection.

SALIENTLY
Sa"li*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a salient manner.

SALIFEROUS
Sa*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. sal salt + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing, or impregnated with, salt. Saliferous rocks (Geol.),
the New Red Sandstone system of some geologists; -- so called
because, in Europe, this formation contains beds of salt. The
saliferous beds of New York State belong largely to the Salina period
of the Upper Silurian. See the Chart of Geology.

SALIFIABLE
Sal"i*fi`a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. salifiable. See Salify.] (Chem.)

Defn: Capable of neutralizing an acid to form a salt; -- said of
bases; thus, ammonia is salifiable.

SALIFICATION
Sal`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. salification.] (Chem.)

Defn: The act, process, or result of salifying; the state of being
salified.

SALIFY
Sal"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salified; p. pr. & vb. n. Salifying.]
Etym: [F. salifier; from L. sal salt + -ficare (only in comp.) to
make. See -fy.] (Chem.)
(a) To combine or impregnate with a salt.
(b) To form a salt with; to convert into a salt; as, to salify a base
or an acid.

SALIGENIN
Sa*lig"e*nin, n. Etym: [Salicin + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A phenol alcohol obtained, by the decomposition of salicin, as
a white crystalline substance; -- called also hydroxy-benzyl alcohol.

SALIGOT
Sal"i*got, n. Etym: [F.] (Bot.)

Defn: The water chestnut (Trapa natans).

SALIMETER
Sal*im"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. sal salt + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the amount of salt present in any
given solution. [Written also salometer.]

SALIMETRY
Sal*im"e*try, n.

Defn: The art or process of measuring the amount of salt in a
substance.

SALINA
Sa*li"na, n. Etym: [Cf. L. salinae, pl., salt works, from sal salt.
See Saline, a.]

1. A salt marsh, or salt pond, inclosed from the sea.

2. Salt works.

SALINA PERIOD
Sa*li"na pe"ri*od. Etym: [So called from Salina, a town in New York.]
(Geol.)

Defn: The period in which the American Upper Silurian system,
containing the brine-producing rocks of central New York, was formed.
See the Chart of Geology.

SALINATION
Sal`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act of washing with salt water. [R. & Obs..] Greenhill.

SALINE
Sa"line ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [F. salin, fr. L. sal salt: cf. L.
salinae salt works, salinum saltcellar. See Salt.]

1. Consisting of salt, or containing salt; as, saline particles;
saline substances; a saline cathartic.

2. Of the quality of salt; salty; as, a saline taste.

SALINE
Sa"line ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [Cf. F. saline. See Saline, a.]

Defn: A salt spring; a place where salt water is collected in the
earth.

SALINE
Sal"ine, n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A crude potash obtained from beet-root residues and other
similar sources. [Written also salin.]

2. (Med. Chem.)

Defn: A metallic salt; esp., a salt of potassium, sodium, lithium, or
magnesium, used in medicine.

SALINENESS
Sa*line"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being salt; saltness.

SALINIFEROUS
Sal`i*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Saline + -ferous.]

Defn: Same as Saliferous.

SALINIFORM
Sa*lin"i*form, a.

Defn: Having the form or the qualities of a salt, especially of
common salt.

SALINITY
Sa*lin"i*ty, n.

Defn: Salineness. Carpenter.

SALINOMETER
Sal`i*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Saline + -meter.]

Defn: A salimeter.

SALINOUS
Sa*lin"ous, a.

Defn: Saline. [Obs.]

SALIQUE
Sal"ique ( or ), a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Salic. Shak.
She fulmined out her scorn of laws salique. Tennyson.

SALIRETIN
Sal`i*re"tin, n. Etym: [Saligenin + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow amorphous resinoid substance obtained by the action of
dilute acids on saligenin.

SALISBURIA
Sal`is*bu"ri*a, n. Etym: [Named after R. A. Salisbury, an English
botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: The ginkgo tree (Ginkgo biloba, or Salisburia adiantifolia).

SALITE
Sal"ite, v. t. Etym: [L. salitus, p.p. of salire to salt, fr. sal
salt.]

Defn: To season with salt; to salt. [Obs.]

SALITE
Sa"lite, n. Etym: [So called from Sala, a town in Sweden.] (Min.)

Defn: A massive lamellar variety of pyroxene, of a dingy green color.
[Written also sahlite.]

SALIVA
Sa*li"va, n. Etym: [L.; cf. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: The secretion from the salivary glands.

Note: In man the saliva is a more or less turbid and slighty viscid
fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the
parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva
is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. The secretions
from the individual salivary glands have their own special
characteristics, and these are not the same in all animals. In man
and many animals mixed saliva, i.e., saliva composed of the
secretions of all three of the salivary glands, is an important
degestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme,
ptyalin.

SALIVAL
Sa*li"val, a.

Defn: Salivary.

SALIVANT
Sal"i*vant, a. Etym: [L. salivans, p.pr. of salivare. See Salivate.]

Defn: Producing salivation.

SALIVANT
Sal"i*vant, n.

Defn: That which produces salivation.

SALIVARY
Sal"i*va*ry, a. Etym: [L. salivarius slimy, clammy: cf. F.
salivaire.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to saliva; producing or carrying saliva; as,
the salivary ferment; the salivary glands; the salivary ducts, etc.

SALIVATE
Sal"i*vate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salivated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Salivating.] Etym: [L. salivatus, p.p. of salivare to salivate. See
Saliva.]

Defn: To produce an abnormal flow of saliva in; to produce salivation
or ptyalism in, as by the use of mercury. over.; as, salivate over
the prospects of high profits from an enterprise.

Note: Probably influenced by the experiments of Pavlov, who trained
dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell, by previously ringing the
bell immediately prior to feeding them.

SALIVATION
Sal`i*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. salivatio: cf. F. salivation.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The act or process of salivating; an excessive secretion of
saliva, often accompained with soreness of the mouth and gums;
ptyalism.

Note: It may be induced by direct chemical or mechanical stimulation,
as in mastication of some tasteless substance like rubber, or
indirectly by some agent which affects the whole system, as mercury
compounds.

SALIVOUS
Sa*li"vous, a. Etym: [L. salivosus: cf. F. saliveux.]

Defn: Pertaining to saliva; of the nature of saliva.

SALIX
Sa"lix, n.; pl. Salices. Etym: [L., the willow.] (Bot.)
(a) A genus of trees or shrubs including the willow, osier, and the
like, growing usually in wet grounds.
(b) A tree or shrub of any kind of willow.

SALLENDERS
Sal"len*ders, n. pl. Etym: [F. solandres, solandre.] (Far.)

Defn: An eruption on the hind leg of a horse. [Written also
sellanders, and sellenders.]
On the inside of the hock, or a little below it, as well as at the
bend of the knee, there is occasionally a scurfy eruption called
"mallenders" in the fore leg, and "sallenders" in the hind leg.
Youatt.

SALLET
Sal"let, n. Etym: [F. salade, Sp. celada, or It. celata, fr. L.
(cassis) caelata, fr. caelare, caelatum, to engrave in relief. So
called from the figures engraved upon it.]

Defn: A light kind of helmet, with or without a visor, introduced
during the 15th century. [Written also salade.]
Then he must have a sallet wherewith his head may be saved. Latimer.

SALLET; SALLETING
Sal"let, Sal"let*ing, n.

Defn: Salad. [Obs.] Shak.

SALLIANCE
Sal"li*ance, n.

Defn: Salience. [Obs.]

SALLOW
Sal"low, n. Etym: [OE. salwe, AS. sealth; akin to OHG. salaha, G.
salwiede, Icel. selja L. salix, Ir. sail, saileach, Gael. seileach,
W. helyg, Gr.

1. The willow; willow twigs. [Poetic] Tennyson.
And bend the pliant sallow to a shield. Fawkes.
The sallow knows the basketmaker's thumb. Emerson.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to certain species of willow, especially those
which do not have flexible shoots, as Salix caprea, S. cinerea, etc.
Sallow thorn (Bot.), a European thorny shrub (Hippophae rhamnoides)
much like an Elæagnus. The yellow berries are sometimes used for
making jelly, and the plant affords a yellow dye.

SALLOW
Sal"low, a. [Compar. Sallower; superl. Sallowest.] Etym: [AS. salu;
akin to D. zaluw, OHG. salo, Icel. sölr yellow.]

Defn: Having a yellowish color; of a pale, sickly color, tinged with
yellow; as, a sallow skin. Shak.

SALLOW
Sal"low, v. t.

Defn: To tinge with sallowness. [Poetic]
July breathes hot, sallows the crispy fields. Lowell.

SALLOWISH
Sal"low*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat sallow. Dickens.

SALLOWNESS
Sal"low*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being sallow. Addison.

SALLY
Sal"ly, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sallied; p. pr. & vb. n. Sallying.] Etym:
[F. saillir, fr. L. salire to leap, spring, akin to gr. Sallient,
Assail, Assault, Exult, Insult, Saltation, Saltire.]

Defn: To leap or rush out; to burst forth; to issue suddenly; as a
body of troops from a fortified place to attack besiegers; to make a
sally.
They break the truce, and sally out by night. Dryden.
The foe retires, -- she heads the sallying host. Byron.

SALLY
Sal"ly, n.; pl. Sallies. Etym: [F. saillie, fr. sailir. See Sally,
v.]

1. A leaping forth; a darting; a spring.

2. A rushing or bursting forth; a quick issue; a sudden eruption;
specifically, an issuing of troops from a place besieged to attack
the besiegers; a sortie.
Sallies were made by the Spaniards, but they were beaten in with
loss. Bacon.

3. An excursion from the usual track; range; digression; deviation.
Every one shall know a country better that makes often sallies into
it, and traverses it up and down, than he that . . . goes still round
in the same track. Locke.

4. A flight of fancy, liveliness, wit, or the like; a flashing forth
of a quick and active mind.
The unaffected mirth with which she enjoyed his sallies. Sir W.
Scott.

5. Transgression of the limits of soberness or steadiness; act of
levity; wild gayety; frolic; escapade.
The excursion was esteemed but a sally of youth. Sir H. Wotton.
Sally port. (a) (Fort.) A postern gate, or a passage underground,
from the inner to the outer works, to afford free egress for troops
in a sortie. (b) (Naval) A large port on each quarter of a fireship,
for the escape of the men into boats when the train is fired; a large
port in an old-fashioned three-decker or a large modern ironclad.

SALLY LUNN
Sal"ly Lunn". Etym: [From a woman, Sally Lunn, who is said to have
first made the cakes, and sold them in the streets of Bath, Eng.]

Defn: A tea cake slighty sweetened, and raised with yeast, baked in
the form of biscuits or in a thin loaf, and eaten hot with butter.

SALLYMAN
Sal"ly*man, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The velella; -- called also saleeman.

SALM
Salm, n.

Defn: Psalm. [Obs.] Piers plowman.

SALMAGUNDI
Sal`ma*gun"di, n. Etym: [F. salmigondis of uncertain origin; perhaps
from L. salgama condita, pl.; salgama pickles + condita preserved
(see Condite); or from the Countess Salmagondi, lady of honor to
Maria de Medici, who is said to have invented it; or cf. It. salame
salt meat, and F. salmis a ragout.]

1. A mixture of chopped meat and pickled herring, with oil, vinegar,
pepper, and onions. Johnson.

2. Hence, a mixture of various ingredients; an olio or medley; a
potpourri; a miscellany. W. Irving.

SALMI
Sal"mi, n. (Cookery)

Defn: Same as Salmis.

SALMIAC
Sal"mi*ac, n. Etym: [Cf. F. salmiac, G. salmiak.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: Sal ammoniac. See under Sal.

SALMIS
Sal`mis", n. Etym: [F.] (Cookery)

Defn: A ragout or partky roasted game stewed with sauce, wine, bread,
and condiments suited to provoke appetite.

SALMON
Salm"on, n.; pl. Salmons or (collectively) Salmon. Etym: [OE.
saumoun, salmon, F. saumon, fr. L. salmo, salmonis perhaps from
salire to leap. Cf. Sally, v.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of fishes of the genus Salmo and
allied genera. The common salmon (Salmo salar) of Northern Europe and
Eastern North America, and the California salmon, or quinnat, are the
most important species. They are extensively preserved for food. See
Quinnat.

Note: The salmons ascend rivers and penetrate to their head streams
to spawn. They are remarkably strong fishes, and will even leap over
considerable falls which lie in the way of their progress. The common
salmon has been known to grow to the weight of seventy-five pounds;
more generally it is from fifteen to twenty-five pounds. Young salmon
are called parr, peal, smolt, and grilse. Among the true salmons are:
Black salmon, or Lake salmon, the namaycush.
 -- Dog salmon, a salmon of Western North America (Oncorhynchus
keta).
 -- Humpbacked salmon, a Pacific-coast salmon (Oncorhynchus
gorbuscha).
 -- King salmon, the quinnat.
 -- Landlocked salmon, a variety of the common salmon (var. Sebago),
long confined in certain lakes in consequence of obstructions that
prevented it from returning to the sea. This last is called also
dwarf salmon. Among fishes of other families which are locally and
erroneously called salmon are: the pike perch, called jack salmon;
the spotted, or southern, squeteague; the cabrilla, called kelp
salmon; young pollock, called sea salmon; and the California
yellowtail.

2. A reddish yellow or orange color, like the flesh of the salmon.
Salmon berry (Bot.), a large red raspberry growing from Alaska to
California, the fruit of the Rubus Nutkanus.
 -- Salmon killer (Zoöl.), a stickleback (Gasterosteus cataphractus)
of Western North America and Northern Asia.
 -- Salmon ladder, salmon stair. See Fish ladder, under Fish.
 -- Salmon peel, a young salmon.
 -- Salmon pipe, a certain device for catching salmon. Crabb.
 -- Salmon trout. (Zoöl.) (a) The European sea trout (Salmo trutta).
It resembles the salmon, but is smaller, and has smaller and more
numerous scales. (b) The American namaycush. (c) A name that is also
applied locally to the adult black spotted trout (Salmo purpuratus),
and to the steel head and other large trout of the Pacific coast.

SALMON
Salm"on, a.

Defn: Of a reddish yellow or orange color, like that of the flesh of
the salmon.

SALMONET
Salm"on*et, n. Etym: [Cf. Samlet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A salmon of small size; a samlet.

SALMONOID
Sal"mon*oid, a. Etym: [Salmon + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the Salmonidæ, a family of fishes
including the trout and salmon.
 -- n.

Defn: Any fish of the family Salmonidæ.

SALOGEN
Sal"o*gen, n. Etym: [L. sal salt + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A halogen. [Obs.]

SALOL
Sal"ol, n. Etym: [Salicylic + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance consisting of phenol salicylate.

SALOMETER
sa*lom"e*ter, n.

Defn: See Salimeter.

SALOMETRY
Sa*lom"e*try, n.

Defn: Salimetry.

SALON
Sa`lon", n. Etym: [F. See Saloon.]

Defn: An apartment for the reception of company; hence, in the
plural, faschionable parties; circles of fashionable society.

SALON
Sa`lon", n.

Defn: An apartment for the reception and exhibition of works of art;
hence, an annual exhibition of paintings, sculptures, etc., held in
Paris by the Society of French Artists; -- sometimes called the Old
Salon. New Salon is a popular name for an annual exhibition of
paintings, sculptures, etc., held in Paris at the Champs de Mars, by
the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts (National Society of Fine Arts),
a body of artists who, in 1890, seceded from the Société des Artistes
Français (Society of French Artists).

SALOON
Sa*loon", n. Etym: [F. salon (cf. It. salone), fr. F. salle a large
room, a hall, of German or Dutch origin; cf. OHG. sal house, hall, G.
saal; akin to AS. sæl, sele, D. zaal, Icel. salr, Goth. saljan to
dwell, and probably to L. solum ground. Cf. Sole of the foot, Soil
ground, earth.]

1. A spacious and elegant apartment for the reception of company or
for works of art; a hall of reception, esp. a hall for public
entertainments or amusements; a large room or parlor; as, the saloon
of a steamboat.
The gilden saloons in which the first magnates of the realm . . .
gave banquets and balls. Macaulay.

2. Popularly, a public room for specific uses; esp., a barroom or
grogshop; as, a drinking saloon; an eating saloon; a dancing saloon.
We hear of no hells, or low music halls, or low dancing saloons [at
Athens.] J. P. Mahaffy.

SALOOP
Sa*loop", n.

Defn: An aromatic drink prepared from sassafras bark and other
ingredients, at one time much used in London. J. Smith (Dict. econ.
Plants). Saloop bush (Bot.), an Australian shrub (Rhagodia hastata)
of the Goosefoot family, used for fodder.

SALP
Salp, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Salpa, or of the family Salpidæ.

SALPA
Sal"pa, n.; pl. L. Salpæ, E. Salpas. Etym: [NL.: cf. L. salpa a kind
of stockfish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of transparent, tubular, free-swimming oceanic
tunicates found abundantly in all the warmer latitudes. See
Illustration in Appendix.

Note: Each species exists in two distinct forms, one of which lives
solitary, and produces, by budding from an internal organ, a series
of the other kind. These are united together, side by side, so as to
form a chain, or cluster, often of large size. Each of the
individuals composing the chain carries a single egg, which develops
into the solitary kind.

SALPIAN; SALPID
Sal"pi*an, Sal"pid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A salpa.

SALPICON
Sal"pi*con, n. Etym: [F. salpicon, Sp. salpicon.]

Defn: Chopped meat, bread, etc., used to stuff legs of veal or other
joints; stuffing; farce. Bacon.

SALPINGITIS
Sal`pin*gi"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Salpinx, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the salpinx.

SALPINX
Sal"pinx, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Old Anat.)

Defn: The Eustachian tube, or the Fallopian tube.

SALSAFY
Sal"sa*fy, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Salsify.

SALSAMENTARIOUS
Sal`sa*men*ta"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. salsamentarius, fr. salsamentum
brine, pickled fish, fr. salsus salted, p.p. of salire to salt.]

Defn: Salt; salted; saline. [R.]

SALSE
Salse, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A mud volcano, the water of which is often impregnated with
salts, whence the name.

SALSIFY
Sal"si*fy, n. Etym: [F. salsifis.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Oyster plant (a), under Oyster.

SALSO-ACID
Sal"so-ac`id, a. Etym: [L. salsus salted, salt + acidus acid.]

Defn: Having a taste compounded of saltness and acidity; both salt
and acid. [R.]

SALSODA
Sal`so"da, n.

Defn: See Sal soda, under Sal.

SALSOLA
Sal"so*la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. salsus salt, because they contain
alkaline salts.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including the glasswort. See Glasswort.

SALSUGINOUS
sal*su"gi*nous, a. Etym: [L. salsugo, -ginis, saltness from salsus
salted, salt: cf. F. salsugineux.] (Bot.)

Defn: Growing in brackish places or in salt marches.

SALT
Salt, n. Etym: [AS. sealt; akin to OS. & OFries. salt, D. zout, G.
salz, Icel., Sw., & Dan. salt, L. sal, Gr. sole, Ir. & Gael. salann,
W. halen, of unknown origin. Cf. Sal, Salad, Salary, Saline, Sauce,
Sausage.]

1. The chloride of sodium, a substance used for seasoning food, for
the preservation of meat, etc. It is found native in the earth, and
is also produced, by evaporation and crystallization, from sea water
and other water impregnated with saline particles.

2. Hence, flavor; taste; savor; smack; seasoning.
Though we are justices and doctors and churchmen . . . we have some
salt of our youth in us. Shak.

3. Hence, also, piquancy; wit; sense; as, Attic salt.

4. A dish for salt at table; a saltcellar.
I out and bought some things; among others, a dozen of silver salts.
Pepys.

5. A sailor; -- usually qualified by old. [Colloq.]
Around the door are generally to be seen, laughing and gossiping,
clusters of old salts. Hawthorne.

6. (Chem.)

Defn: The neutral compound formed by the union of an acid base; thus,
sulphuric acid and iron form the salt sulphate of iron or green
vitriol.

Note: Except in case of ammonium salts, accurately speaking, it is
the acid radical which unites with the base or basic radical, with
the elimination of hydrogen, of water, or of analogous compounds as
side products. In the case of diacid and triacid bases, and of
dibasic and tribasic acids, the mutual neutralization may vary in
degree, producing respectively basic, neutral, or acid salts See
Phrases below.

7. Fig.: That which preserves from corruption or error; that which
purifies; a corrective; an antiseptic; also, an allowance or
deduction; as, his statements must be taken with a grain of salt.
Ye are the salt of the earth. Matt. v. 13.

8. pl.

Defn: Any mineral salt used as an aperient or cathartic, especially
Epsom salts, Rochelle salt, or Glauber's salt.

9. pl.

Defn: Marches flooded by the tide. [Prov. Eng.] Above the salt, Below
the salt, phrases which have survived the old custom, in the houses
of people of rank, of placing a large saltcellar near the middle of a
long table, the places above which were assigned to the guests of
distinction, and those below to dependents, inferiors, and poor
relations. See Saltfoot.
His fashion is not to take knowledge of him that is beneath him in
clothes. He never drinks below the salt. B. Jonson.
-- Acid salt (Chem.) (a) A salt derived from an acid which has
several replaceable hydrogen atoms which are only partially exchanged
for metallic atoms or basic radicals; as, acid potassium sulphate is
an acid salt. (b) A salt, whatever its constitution, which merely
gives an acid reaction; thus, copper sulphate, which is composed of a
strong acid united with a weak base, is an acid salt in this sense,
though theoretically it is a neutral salt.
 -- Alkaline salt (Chem.), a salt which gives an alkaline reaction,
as sodium carbonate.
 -- Amphid salt (Old Chem.), a salt of the oxy type, formerly
regarded as composed of two oxides, an acid and a basic oxide.
[Obsolescent] -- Basic salt (Chem.) (a) A salt which contains more of
the basic constituent than is required to neutralize the acid. (b) An
alkaline salt.
 -- Binary salt (Chem.), a salt of the oxy type conveniently regarded
as composed of two ingredients (analogously to a haloid salt), viz.,
a metal and an acid radical.
 -- Double salt (Chem.), a salt regarded as formed by the union of
two distinct salts, as common alum, potassium aluminium sulphate. See
under Double.
 -- Epsom salts. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Essential salt (Old Chem.), a salt obtained by crystalizing plant
juices.
 -- Ethereal salt. (Chem.) See under Ethereal.
 -- Glauber's salt or salts. See in Vocabulary.
 -- Haloid salt (Chem.), a simple salt of a halogen acid, as sodium
chloride.
 -- Microcosmic salt. (Chem.). See under Microcosmic.
 -- Neutral salt. (Chem.) (a A salt in which the acid and base (in
theory) neutralize each other. (b) A salt which gives a neutral
reaction.
 -- Oxy salt (Chem.), a salt derived from an oxygen acid.
 -- Per salt (Old Chem.), a salt supposed to be derived from a
peroxide base or analogous compound. [Obs.] -- Permanent salt, a salt
which undergoes no change on exposure to the air.
 -- Proto salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a protoxide base or
analogous compound.
 -- Rochelle salt. See under Rochelle.
 -- Salt of amber (Old Chem.), succinic acid.
 -- Salt of colcothar (Old Chem.), green vitriol, or sulphate of
iron.
 -- Salt of hartshorn. (Old Chem.) (a) Sal ammoniac, or ammonium
chloride. (b) Ammonium carbonate. Cf. Spirit of hartshorn, under
Hartshorn.
 -- Salt of lemons. (Chem.) See Salt of sorrel, below.
 -- Salt of Saturn (Old Chem.), sugar of lead; lead acetate; -- the
alchemical of lead being Saturn.
 -- Salt of Seignette. Same as Rochelle salt.
 -- Salt of soda (Old Chem.), sodium carbonate.
 -- Salt of sorrel (Old Chem.), acid potassium oxalate, or potassium
quadroxalate, used as a solvent for ink stains; -- so called because
found in the sorrel, or Oxalis. Also sometimes inaccurately called
salt of lemon.
 -- Salt of tartar (Old Chem.), potassium carbonate; -- so called
because formerly made by heating cream of tartar, or potassium
tartrate. [Obs.] -- Salt of Venus (Old Chem.), blue vitriol; copper
sulphate; -- the alchemical name of copper being Venus.
 -- Salt of wisdom. See Alembroth.
 -- Sedative salt (Old Med. Chem.), boric acid.
 -- Sesqui salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a sesquioxide base or
analogous compound.
 -- Spirit of salt. (Chem.) See under Spirit.
 -- Sulpho salt (Chem.), a salt analogous to an oxy salt, but
containing sulphur in place of oxygen.

SALT
Salt, a. [Compar. Salter; superl. Saltest.] Etym: [AS. sealt, salt.
See Salt, n.]

1. Of or relating to salt; abounding in, or containing, salt;
prepared or preserved with, or tasting of, salt; salted; as, salt
beef; salt water. "Salt tears." Chaucer.

2. Overflowed with, or growing in, salt water; as, a salt marsh; salt
grass.

3. Fig.: Bitter; sharp; pungent.
I have a salt and sorry rheum offends me. Shak.

4. Fig.: Salacious; lecherous; lustful. Shak. Salt acid (Chem.),
hydrochloric acid.
 -- Salt block, an apparatus for evaporating brine; a salt factory.
Knight.
 -- Salt bottom, a flat piece of ground covered with saline
efforescences. [Western U.S.] bartlett.
 -- Salt cake (Chem.), the white caked mass, consisting of sodium
sulphate, which is obtained as the product of the first stage in the
manufacture of soda, according to Leblanc's process.
 -- Salt fish. (a) Salted fish, especially cod, haddock, and similar
fishes that have been salted and dried for food. (b) A marine fish.
 -- Salt garden, an arrangement for the natural evaporation of sea
water for the production of salt, employing large shallow basins
excavated near the seashore.
 -- Salt gauge, an instrument used to test the strength of brine; a
salimeter.
 -- Salt horse, salted beef. [Slang] -- Salt junk, hard salt beef for
use at sea. [Slang] -- Salt lick. See Lick, n.
 -- Salt marsh, grass land subject to the overflow of salt water.
 -- Salt-marsh caterpillar (Zoöl.), an American bombycid moth
(Spilosoma acreæ which is very destructive to the salt-marsh grasses
and to other crops. Called also wooly bear. See Illust. under Moth,
Pupa, and Woolly bear, under Woolly.
 -- Salt-marsh fleabane (Bot.), a strong-scented composite herb
(Pluchea camphorata) with rayless purplish heads, growing in salt
marshes.
 -- Salt-marsh hen (Zoöl.), the clapper rail. See under Rail.
 -- Salt-marsh terrapin (Zoöl.), the diamond-back.
 -- Salt mine, a mine where rock salt is obtained.
 -- Salt pan. (a) A large pan used for making salt by evaporation;
also, a shallow basin in the ground where salt water is evaporated by
the heat of the sun. (b) pl. Salt works.
 -- Salt pit, a pit where salt is obtained or made.
 -- Salt rising, a kind of yeast in which common salt is a principal
ingredient. [U.S.] -- Salt raker, one who collects salt in natural
salt ponds, or inclosures from the sea.
 -- Salt sedative (Chem.), boracic acid. [Obs.] -- Salt spring, a
spring of salt water.
 -- Salt tree (Bot.), a small leguminous tree (Halimodendron
argenteum) growing in the salt plains of the Caspian region and in
Siberia.
 -- Salt water, water impregnated with salt, as that of the ocean and
of certain seas and lakes; sometimes, also tears.
Mine eyes are full of tears, I can not see; And yet salt water blinds
them not so much But they can see a sort of traitors here. Shak.
-- Salt-water sailor, an ocean mariner.
 -- Salt-water tailor. (Zoöl.) See Bluefish.

SALT
Salt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salted; p. pr. & vb. n. Salting.]

1. To sprinkle, impregnate, or season with salt; to preserve with
salt or in brine; to supply with salt; as, to salt fish, beef, or
pork; to salt cattle.

2. To fill with salt between the timbers and planks, as a ship, for
the preservation of the timber. To salt a mine, to artfully deposit
minerals in a mine in order to deceive purchasers regarding its
value. [Cant] -- To salt away, To salt down, to prepare with, or pack
in, salt for preserving, as meat, eggs, etc.; hence, colloquially, to
save, lay up, or invest sagely, as money.

SALT
Salt, v. i.

Defn: To deposit salt as a saline solution; as, the brine begins to
salt.

SALT
Salt, n. Etym: [L. saltus, fr. salire to leap.]

Defn: The act of leaping or jumping; a leap. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SALTANT
Sal"tant, a. Etym: [L. saltans, p.pr. of saltare to dance, v. intens.
fr. salire to leap: cf. F. sautant. See Sally, v.]

1. Leaping; jumping; dancing.

2. (Her.)

Defn: In a leaping position; springing forward; -- applied especially
to the squirrel, weasel, and rat, also to the cat, greyhound, monkey,
etc.

SALTARELLA
Sal`ta*rel"la, n.

Defn: See Saltarello.

SALTARELLO
Sal`ta*rel"lo, n. Etym: [It., fr. L. saltare to jump.]

Defn: A popular Italian dance in quick 3-4 or 6-8 time, running
mostly in triplets, but with a hop step at the beginning of each
measure. See Tarantella.

SALTATE
Sal"tate, v. i. Etym: [See Saltant.]

Defn: To leap or dance. [R.]

SALTATION
Sal*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. saltatio: cf. F. saltation.]

1. A leaping or jumping.
Continued his saltation without pause. Sir W. Scott.

2. Beating or palpitation; as, the saltation of the great artery.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: An abrupt and marked variation in the condition or appearance
of a species; a sudden modification which may give rise to new races.
We greatly suspect that nature does make considerable jumps in the
way of variation now and then, and that these saltations give rise to
some of the gaps which appear to exist in the series of known forms.
Huxley.

SALTATORIA
Sal`ta*to"ri*a, n.; pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Orthoptera including grasshoppers, locusts, and
crickets.

SALTATORIAL
Sal`ta*to"ri*al, a.

1. Relating to leaping; saltatory; as, saltatorial exercises.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) Same as Saltatorious.
(b) Of or pertaining to the Saltatoria.

SALTATORIOUS
Sal`ta*to"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Capable of leaping; formed for leaping; saltatory; as, a
saltatorious insect or leg.

SALTATORY
Sal"ta*to"ry, a. Etym: [L. saltatorius. See Saltant, and cf.
Saltire.]

Defn: Leaping or dancing; having the power of, or used in, leaping or
dancing. Saltatory evolution (Biol.), a theory of evolution which
holds that the transmutation of species is not always gradual, but
that there may come sudden and marked variations. See Saltation.
 -- Saltatory spasm (Med.), an affection in which pressure of the
foot on a floor causes the patient to spring into the air, so as to
make repeated involuntary motions of hopping and jumping. J. Ross.

SALTBUSH
Salt"bush`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An Australian plant (Atriplex nummularia) of the Goosefoot
family.

SALTCAT
Salt"cat`, n.

Defn: A mixture of salt, coarse meal lime, etc., attractive to
pigeons.

SALTCELLAR
Salt"cel*lar, n. Etym: [OE. saltsaler; salt + F. salière saltcellar,
from L. sal salt. See Salt, and cf. Salary.]

Defn: Formerly a large vessel, now a small vessel of glass or other
material, used for holding salt on the table.

SALTER
Salt"er, n.

Defn: One who makes, sells, or applies salt; one who salts meat or
fish.

SALTERN
Salt"ern, n.

Defn: A building or place where salt is made by boiling or by
evaporation; salt works.

SALTFOOT
Salt"foot`, n.

Defn: A large saltcellar formerly placed near the center of the
table. The superior guests were seated above the saltfoot.

SALT-GREEN
Salt"-green, a.

Defn: Sea-green in color. Shak.

SALTIE
Salt"ie, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European dab.

SALTIER
Sal"tier, n.

Defn: See Saltire.

SALTIGRADAE
Sal`ti*gra"dæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Saltigrade.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of spiders including those which lie in wait and leap
upon their prey; the leaping spiders.

SALTIGRADE
Sal"ti*grade, a. Etym: [L. saltus a leap + gradi to walk, go: cf. F.
saltigrade.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having feet or legs formed for leaping.

SALTIGRADE
Sal"ti*grade, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Saltigradæ a tribe of spiders which leap to seize
their prey.

SALTIMBANCO
Sal`tim*ban"co, n. Etym: [It., literally, one who leaps or mounts
upon a bench; saltare to leap + in in, upon + banco a bench.]

Defn: A mountebank; a quack. [Obs.] [Written also santibanco.]
Saltimbancos, quacksalvers, and charlatans. Sir T. browne.

SALTING
Salt"ing, n.

1. The act of sprinkling, impregnating, or furnishing, with salt.

2. A salt marsh.

SALTIRE
Sal"tire, n. Etym: [F. sautoir, fr. LL. saltatorium a sort of
stirrup, fr. L. saltatorius saltatory. See Saltatory, Sally, v.]
(Her.)

Defn: A St. Andrew's cross, or cross in the form of an X, -- one of
the honorable ordinaries.

SALTIREWISE
Sal"tire*wise`, adv. (Her.)

Defn: In the manner of a saltire; -- said especially of the blazoning
of a shield divided by two lines drawn in the direction of a bend and
a bend sinister, and crossing at the center.

SALTISH
Salt"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat salt.
 -- Salt"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Salt"ish*ness, n.

SALTLESS
Salt"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of salt; insipid.

SALTLY
Salt"ly, adv.

Defn: With taste of salt; in a salt manner.

SALTMOUTH
Salt"mouth`, n.

Defn: A wide-mouthed bottle with glass stopper for holding chemicals,
especially crystallized salts.

SALTNESS
Salt"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being salt, or state of being salt, or
impregnated with salt; salt taste; as, the saltness of sea water.

SALTPETER; SALTPETRE
Salt`pe"ter, Salt`pe"tre, (, n. Etym: [F. salpêtre, NL. sal petrae,
literally, rock salt, or stone salt; Salt, and Petrify.] (Chem.)

Defn: Potassium nitrate; niter, a white crystalline substance, KNO3,
having a cooling saline taste, obtained by leaching from certain
soils in which it is produced by the process of nitrification (see
Nitrification, 2). It is a strong oxidizer, is the chief constituent
of gunpowder, and is also used as an antiseptic in curing meat, and
in medicine as a diuretic, diaphoretic, and refrigerant. Chili
salpeter (Chem.), sodium nitrate (distinguished from potassium
nitrate, or true salpeter), a white crystalline substance, NaNO3,
having a cooling, saline, slightly bitter taste. It is obtained by
leaching the soil of the rainless districts of Chili and Peru. It is
deliquescent and cannot be used in gunpowder, but is employed in the
production of nitric acid. Called also cubic niter.
 -- Saltpeter acid (Chem.), nitric acid; -- sometimes so called
because made from saltpeter.

SALTPETROUS
Salt`pe"trous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. salpêtreux.]

Defn: Pertaining to saltpeter, or partaking of its qualities;
impregnated with saltpeter. [Obs.]

SALT RHEUM
Salt" rheum. (Med.)

Defn: A popular name, esp. in the United States, for various
cutaneous eruptions, particularly for those of eczema. See Eczema.

SALTWORT
Salt`wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several plants which grow on the seashore, as
the Batis maritima, and the glasswort. See Glasswort. Black saltwort,
the sea milkwort.

SALTY
Salt"y, a.

Defn: Somewhat salt; saltish.

SALUBRIOUS
Sa*lu"bri*ous, a. Etym: [L. salubris, or saluber, fr. salus health;
akin to salvus safe, sound, well. See Safe.]

Defn: Favorable to health; healthful; promoting health; as,
salubrious air, water, or climate.

Syn.
 -- Healthful; wholesome; healthy; salutary.
 -- Sa-lu"bri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Sa*lu"bri*ous*ness, n.

SALUBRITY
Sa*lu"bri*ty, n. Etym: [L. salubritas: cf. F. salubrité See
Salubrious.]

Defn: The quality of being salubrious; favorableness to the
preservation of health; salubriousness; wholesomeness; healthfulness;
as, the salubrity of the air, of a country, or a climate. "A sweet,
dry small of salubrity." G. W. Cable.

SALUE
Sa*lue", v. t. Etym: [F. saluer. See Salute.]

Defn: To salute. [Obs.]
There was no "good day" and no saluyng. Chaucer.

SALUTARY
Sal"u*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. salutaris, from salus, -utis, health
safety: cf. F. salutaire. See Salubrious.]

1. Wholesome; healthful; promoting health; as, salutary exercise.

2. Promotive of, or contributing to, some beneficial purpose;
beneficial; advantageous; as, a salutary design.

Syn.
 -- Wholesome; healthful; salubrious; beneficial; useful;
advantageous; profitable.
 -- Sal"u*ta*ri*ly, adv.
 -- Sal"u*ta*ri*ness, n.

SALUTATION
Sal`u*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. salutatio: cf. F. salutation. See
Salute.]

Defn: The act of saluting, or paying respect or reverence, by the
customary words or actions; the act of greeting, or expressing good
will or courtesy; also, that which is uttered or done in saluting or
greeting.
In all public meetings or private addresses, use those forms of
salutation, reverence, and decency usual amongst the most sober
persons. Jer. Taylor.

Syn.
 -- Greeting; salute; address.
 -- Salutation, Greeting, Salute, Greeting is the general word for
all manner of expressions of recognition, agreeable or otherwise,
made when persons meet or communicate with each other. A greeting may
be hearty and loving, chilling and offensive, or merely formal, as in
the opening sentence of legal documents. Salutation more definitely
implies a wishing well, and is used of expressions at parting as well
as at meeting. It is used especially of uttered expressions of good
will. Salute, while formerly and sometimes still in the sense of
either greeting or salutation, is now used specifically to denote a
conventional demonstration not expressed in words. The guests
received a greeting which relieved their embrassment, offered their
salutations in well-chosen terms, and when they retired, as when they
entered, made a deferential salute.
Woe unto you, Pharisees! for ye love the uppermost seats in the
synagogues, and greetings in the markets. Luke xi. 43.
When Elisabeth heard the salutation of Mary, the babe leaped in her
womb. Luke i. 41.
I shall not trouble my reader with the first salutes of our three
friends. Addison.

SALUTATORIAN
Sa*lu`ta*to"ri*an, n.

Defn: The student who pronounces the salutatory oration at the annual
Commencement or like exercises of a college, -- an honor commonly
assigned to that member of the graduating class who ranks second in
scholarship. [U.S.]

SALUTATORILY
Sa*lu"ta*to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of salutation.

SALUTATORY
Sa*lu"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. salutatorius. See Salute.]

Defn: Containing or expressing salutations; speaking a welcome;
greeting; -- applied especially to the oration which introduces the
exercises of the Commencements, or similar public exhibitions, in
American colleges.

SALUTATORY
Sa*lu"ta*to*ry, n.

1. A place for saluting or greeting; a vestibule; a porch. [Obs.]
Milton.

2. (American Colleges)

Defn: The salutatory oration.

SALUTE
Sa*lute", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saluted; p. pr. & vb. n. Saluting.]
Etym: [L. salutare, salutatum, from salus, -utis, health, safety. See
Salubrious.]

1. To adress, as with expressions of kind wishes and courtesy; to
greet; to hail.
I salute you with this kingly title. Shak.

2. Hence, to give a sign of good will; to compliment by an act or
ceremony, as a kiss, a bow, etc.
You have the prettiest tip of a finger . . . I must take the freedom
to salute it. Addison.

3. (Mil. & Naval)

Defn: To honor, as some day, person, or nation, by a discharge of
cannon or small arms, by dipping colors, by cheers, etc.

4. To promote the welfare and safety of; to benefit; to gratify.
[Obs.] "If this salute my blood a jot." Shak.

SALUTE
Sa*lute", n. Etym: [Cf. F. salut. See Salute, v.]

1. The act of saluting, or expressing kind wishes or respect;
salutation; greeting.

2. A sign, token, or ceremony, expressing good will, compliment, or
respect, as a kiss, a bow, etc. Tennyson.

3. (Mil. & Naval)

Defn: A token of respect or honor for some distinguished or official
personage, for a foreign vessel or flag, or for some festival or
event, as by presenting arms, by a discharge of cannon, volleys of
small arms, dipping the colors or the topsails, etc.

SALUTER
Sa*lut"er, n.

Defn: One who salutes.

SALUTIFEROUS
Sal`u*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. salutifer; salus, -utis, health +
ferre to bring.]

Defn: Bringing health; healthy; salutary; beneficial; as,
salutiferous air. [R.]
Innumerable powers, all of them salutiferous. Cudworth.

Syn.
 -- Healthful; healthy; salutary; salubrious.

SALUTIFEROUSLY
Sal`u*tif"er*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Salutarily. [R.]

SALVABILITY
Sal`va*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being salvable; salvableness. [R.]
In the Latin scheme of redemption, salvability was not possible
outside the communion of the visible organization. A. V. G. Allen.

SALVABLE
Sal"va*ble, a. Etym: [L. salvare to save, from salvus safe. Cf.
Savable.]

Defn: Capable of being saved; admitting of salvation. Dr. H. More.
 -- Sal"va*ble*ness, n.
 -- Sal"va*bly, adv.

SALVAGE
Sal"vage (; 48), n. Etym: [F. salvage, OF. salver to save, F. sauver,
fr. L. salvare. See Save.]

1. The act of saving a vessel, goods, or life, goods, or life, from
perils of the sea.
Salvage of life from a british ship, or a foreign ship in British
waters, ranks before salvage of goods. Encyc. Brit.

2. (Maritime Law)
(a) The compensation allowed to persons who voluntarily assist in
saving a ship or her cargo from peril.
(b) That part of the property that survives the peril and is saved.
Kent. Abbot.

SALVAGE
Sal"vage, a. & n.

Defn: Savage. [Obs.] Spenser.

SALVATION
Sal*va"tion, n. Etym: [OE. salvacioun, sauvacion, F. salvation, fr.
L. salvatio, fr. salvare to save. See Save.]

1. The act of saving; preservation or deliverance from destruction,
danger, or great calamity.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: The redemption of man from the bondage of sin and liability to
eternal death, and the conferring on him of everlasting happiness.
To earn salvation for the sons of men. Milton.
Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation. 2. Cor. vii. 10.

3. Saving power; that which saves.
Fear ye not; stand still, and see the salvation of the Lord, which he
will show to you to-day. Ex. xiv. 13.
Salvation Army, an organization for prosecuting the work of Christian
evangelization, especially among the degraded populations of cities.
It is virtually a new sect founded in London in 1861 by William
Booth. The evangelists, male and female, have military titles
according to rank, that of the chief being "General." They wear a
uniform, and in their phraseology and mode of work adopt a quasi
military style.

SALVATIONIST
Sal*va"tion*ist, n.

Defn: An evangelist, a member, or a recruit, of the Salvation Army.

SALVATORY
Sal"va*to*ry, n. Etym: [LL. salvatorium, fr. salvare to save.]

Defn: A place where things are preserved; a repository. [R.] Sir M.
Hale.

SALVE
Sal"ve, interj. Etym: [L., hail, God save you, imperat. of salvere to
be well. Cf. Salvo a volley.]

Defn: Hail!

SALVE
Sal"ve ( or ), v. t.

Defn: To say "Salve" to; to greet; to salute. [Obs.]
By this that stranger knight in presence came, And goodly salved
them. Spenser.

SALVE
Salve, n. Etym: [AS. sealf ointment; akin to LG. salwe, D. zalve,
zalf, OHG. salba, Dan. salve, Sw. salva, Goth. salb to anoint, and
probably to Gr. (Hesychius) sapris clarified butter. sq. root155,
291.]

1. An adhesive composition or substance to be applied to wounds or
sores; a healing ointment. Chaucer.

2. A soothing remedy or antidote.
Counsel or consolation we may bring. Salve to thy sores. Milton.
Salve bug (Zoöl.), a large, stout isopod crustacean (Æga psora),
parasitic on the halibut and codfish, -- used by fishermen in the
preparation of a salve. It becomes about two inches in length.

SALVE
Salve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salved; p. pr. & vb. n. Salving.] Etym:
[AS. sealfian to anoint. See Salve, n.]

1. To heal by applications or medicaments; to cure by remedial
traetment; to apply salve to; as, to salve a wound. Shak.

2. To heal; to remedy; to cure; to make good; to soothe, as with an
ointment, especially by some device, trick, or quibble; to gloss
over.
But Ebranck salved both their infamies With noble deeds. Spenser.
What may we do, then, to salve this seeming inconsistence Milton.

SALVE
Salve, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Salvage]

Defn: To save, as a ship or goods, from the perils of the sea.
[Recent]

SALVER
Salv"er, n.

Defn: One who salves, or uses salve as a remedy; hence, a
quacksalver, or quack. [Obs.]

SALVER
Sal"ver, n. Etym: [Cf. Salvage.]

Defn: A salvor. Skeat.

SALVER
Sal"ver, n. Etym: [Sp. salva pregustation, the tasting of viands
before they are served, salver, fr. salvar to save, to taste, to
prove the food or drink of nobles, from L. salvare to save. See
Save.]

Defn: A tray or waiter on which anything is presented.

SALVER-SHAPED
Sal"ver-shaped`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Tubular, with a speading border. See Hypocraterimorphous.

SALVIA
Sal"vi*a, n. Etym: [L., sage.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including the sage. See Sage.

SALVIFIC
Sal*vif"ic, a. Etym: [L. salficus saving; salvus saved, safe + facere
to make.]

Defn: Tending to save or secure safety. [Obs.]

SALVO
Sal"vo, n.; pl. Salvos. Etym: [L. salvo jure, literally, the right
being reserved. See Safe.]

Defn: An exception; a reservation; an excuse.
They admit many salvos, cautions, and reservations. Eilon Basilike.

SALVO
Sal"vo, n. Etym: [F. salve a discharge of heavy cannon, a volley, L.
salve hail, imperat. of salvere to be well, akin to salvus well. See
Safe.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A concentrated fire from pieces of artillery, as in endeavoring
to make a break in a fortification; a volley.

2. A salute paid by a simultaneous, or nearly simultaneous, firing of
a number of cannon.

SALVOR
Sal"vor, n. Etym: [See Salvation, Save] (Law)

Defn: One who assists in saving a ship or goods at sea, without being
under special obligation to do so. Wheaton.

SAM
Sam, adv. Etym: [AS. same. See Same, a.]

Defn: Together. [Obs.] "All in that city sam." Spenser.

SAMARA
Sa*ma"ra ( or ), n. Etym: [L. samara, samera, the seed of the elm.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A dry, indehiscent, usually one-seeded, winged fruit, as that
of the ash, maple, and elm; a key or key fruit.

SAMARE
Sam"are, n.

Defn: See Simar.

SAMARITAN
Sa*mar"i*tan, a. Etym: [L. Samaritanus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Samaria, in Palestine.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Samaria; also, the language of
Samaria.

SAMARIUM
Sa*ma"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. E. samarskite.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element of doubtful identity.

Note: Samarium was discovered, by means of spectrum analysis, in
certain minerals (samarskite, cerite, etc.), in which it is
associated with other elements of the earthy group. It has been
confounded with the donbtful elements decipium, philippium, etc., and
is possibly a complex mixture of elements not as yet clearly
identified. Symbol Sm. Provisional atomic weight 150.2.

SAMAROID
Sam"a*roid, a. Etym: [Samara + -oid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling a samara, or winged seed vessel.

SAMARRA
Sa*mar"ra, n.

Defn: See Simar.

SAMARSKITE
Sa*mar"skite, a. Etym: [After Samarski, a Russian.] (Min.)

Defn: A rare mineral having a velvet-black color and submetallic
luster. It is a niobate of uranium, iron, and the yttrium and cerium
metals.

SAMBO
Sam"bo, n. Etym: [Sp. zambo, sambo.]

Defn: A colloquial or humorous appelation for a negro; sometimes, the
offspring of a black person and a mulatto; a zambo.

SAMBOO
Sam"boo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Sumbur.

SAMBUCUS
Sam*bu"cus, n. Etym: [L., an elder tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs and trees; the elder.

SAMBUKE
Sam"buke, n. Etym: [L. sambuca, Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: An ancient stringed instrument used by the Greeks, the
particular construction of which is unknown.

SAMBUR
Sam"bur, n. Etym: [Hind. sambar, sabar.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian deer (Rusa Aristotelis) having a mane on its
neck. Its antlers have but three prongs. Called also gerow. The name
is applied to other species of the genus Rusa, as the Bornean sambur
(R. equina).

SAME
Same, a. Etym: [AS. same. adv.; akin to OS. sama, samo, adv., OHG.
sam, a., sama, adv., Icel. samr, a., Sw. samme, samma, Dan. samme,
Goth. sama, Russ. samui, Gr. sama, Gr. simul at the same time,
similis like, and E. some, a., -some. sq. root191. Cf. Anomalous,
Assemble, Homeopathy, Homily, Seem, v. i., Semi-, Similar, Some.]

1. Not different or other; not another or others; identical;
unchanged.
Thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end. Ps. cii. 27.

2. Of like kind, species, sort, dimensions, or the like; not
differing in character or in the quality or qualities compared;
corresponding; not discordant; similar; like.
The ethereal vigor is in all the same. Dryden.

3. Just mentioned, or just about to be mentioned.
What ye know, the same do I know. Job. xiii. 2.
Do but think how well the same he spends, Who spends his blood his
country to relieve. Daniel.

Note: Same is commonly preceded by the, this, or that and is often
used substantively as in the citations above. In a comparative use it
is followed by as or with.
Bees like the same odors as we do. Lubbock.
[He] held the same political opinions with his illustrious friend.
Macaulay.

SAMELINESS
Same"li*ness, n.

Defn: Sameness, 2. [R.] Bayne.

SAMENESS
Same"ness, n.

1. The state of being the same, identity; abscence of difference;
near resemblance; correspondence; similarity; as, a sameness of
person, of manner, of sound, of appearance, and the like. "A sameness
of the terms." Bp. Horsley.

2. Hence, want of variety; tedious monotony.

Syn.
 -- Identity; identicalness; oneness.

SAMETTE
Sa*mette", n.

Defn: See Samite. [Obs.]

SAMIAN
Sa"mi*an, a. Etym: [L. Samius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the island of Samos.
Fill high the cup with Samian wine. Byreon.
Samian earth, a species of clay from Samoa, formerly used in medicine
as an astringent.

SAMIAN
Sa"mi*an, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Samos.

SAMIEL
Sa"mi*el, n. Etym: [Turk. sam-yeli; Ar. samm poison + Turk. yel wind.
Cf. Simoom.]

Defn: A hot and destructive wind that sometimes blows, in Turkey,
from the desert. It is identical with the simoom of Arabia and the
kamsin of Syria.

SAMIOT
Sa"mi*ot, a. & n. Etym: [Cf. F. samiote.]

Defn: Samian.

SAMISEN
Sam"i*sen, n. [Jap.] (Mus.)

Defn: A Japanese musical instrument with three strings, resembling a
guitar or banjo.

SAMITE
Sa"mite, a. Etym: [OF. samit, LL. samitum, examitum, from LGr. Six,
and cf. Dimity.]

Defn: A species of silk stuff, or taffeta, generally interwoven with
gold. Tennyson.
In silken samite she was light arrayed. Spenser.

SAMLET
Sam"let, n. Etym: [Cf. Salmonet.]

Defn: The parr.

SAMMIER
Sam"mi*er, n.

Defn: A machine for pressing the water from skins in tanning. Knight.

SAMOAN
Sa*mo"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Samoan Islands (formerly called
Navigators' Islands) in the South Pacific Ocean, or their
inhabitants.
 -- n.

Defn: An inhabitant of the Samoan Islands.

SAMOVAR
Sa"mo*var, n. Etym: [Russ. samovar'.]

Defn: A metal urn used in Russia for making tea. It is filled with
water, which is heated by charcoal placed in a pipe, with chimney
attached, which passes through the urn.

SAMOYEDES
Sam`oy*edes", n. pl.; sing. Samoyede (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: An ignorant and degraded Turanian tribe which occupies a
portion of Northern Russia and a part of Siberia.Samoyeds.

SAMP
Samp, n. Etym: [From American Indian sapac, saupac, made soft, or
thinned.]

Defn: An article of food consisting of maize broken or bruised, which
is cooked by by boiling, and usually eaten with milk; coarse hominy.

SAMPAN
Sam"pan, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A Chinese boat from twelve to fifteen feet long, covered with a
house, and sometimes used as a permanent habitation on the inland
waters. [Written also sanpan.]

SAMPHIRE
Sam"phire ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [F. l'herbe de Saint Pierre. See
Saint, and Petrel.] (Bot.)
(a) A fleshy, suffrutescent, umbelliferous European plant (Crithmum
maritimum). It grows among rocks and on cliffs along the seacoast,
and is used for pickles.
Hangs one that gathers samphire, dreadful trade! Scak.

(b) The species of glasswort (Salicornia herbacea); -- called in
England marsh samphire.
(c) A seashore shrub (Borrichia arborescens) of the West Indies.
Golden samphire. See under Golden.

SAMPLE
Sam"ple, n. Etym: [OE. sample, asaumple, OF. essample, example, fr.
L. exemplum. See Example, and cf. Ensample, Sampler.]

1. Example; pattern. [Obs.] Spenser. "A sample to the youngest."
Shak.
Thus he concludes, and every hardy knight His sample followed.
Fairfax.

2. A part of anything presented for inspection, or shown as evidence
of the quality of the whole; a specimen; as, goods are often
purchased by samples.
I design this but for a sample of what I hope more fully to discuss.
Woodward.

Syn.
 -- Specimen; example. See Specimen.

SAMPLE
Sam"ple, v. t.

1. To make or show something similar to; to match. Bp. Hall.

2. To take or to test a sample or samples of; as, to sample sugar,
teas, wools, cloth.

SAMPLER
Sam"pler, n. Etym: [See Exampler, Exemplar.]

1. One who makes up samples for inspection; one who examines samples,
or by samples; as, a wool sampler.

2. A pattern; a specimen; especially, a collection of needlework
patterns, as letters, borders, etc., to be used as samples, or to
display the skill of the worker.
Susie dear, bring your sampler and Mrs. Schumann will show you how to
make that W you bothered over. E. E. Hale.

SAMSHOO; SAMSHU
Sam"shoo, Sam"shu (, n. Etym: [Chinese san-shao thrice fired.]

Defn: A spirituous liquor distilled by the Chinese from the yeasty
liquor in which boiled rice has fermented under pressure. S. W.
Williams.

SAMSON
Sam"son, n.

Defn: An Israelite of Bible record (see Judges xiii.), distinguished
for his great strength; hence, a man of extraordinary physical
strength. Samson post. (a) (Naut.) A strong post resting on the
keelson, and supporting a beam of the keelson, and supporting a beam
of the deck; also, a temporary or movable pilar carrying a leading
block or pulley for various purposes. Brande & C. (b) In deepwell
boring, the post which supports the walking beam of the apparatus.

SAMURAI
Sa"mu*rai`, n. pl. & sing. [Jap.]

Defn: In the former feudal system of Japan, the class or a member of
the class, of military retainers of the daimios, constituting the
gentry or lesser nobility. They possessed power of life and death
over the commoners, and wore two swords as their distinguishing mark.
Their special rights and privileges were abolished with the fall of
feudalism in 1871.

SANABILITY
San`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sanable; sanableness;
curableness.

SANABLE
San"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. sanabilis, fr. sanare to heal, fr. sanus
sound, healthy. See Sane.]

Defn: Capable of being healed or cured; susceptible of remedy.

Syn.
 -- Remediable; curable; healable.

SANABLENESS
San"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being sanable.

SANATION
Sa*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. sanatio. See Sanable.]

Defn: The act of healing or curing. [Obs.] Wiseman.

SANATIVE
San"a*tive, a. Etym: [LL. sanativus.]

Defn: Having the power to cure or heal; healing; tending to heal;
sanatory.
 -- San"a*tive*ness, n.

SANATORIUM
San`a*to"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Sanatory.]

Defn: An establishment for the treatment of the sick; a resort for
invalids. See Sanitarium.

SANATORY
San"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [LL. sanatorius, fr. L. sa to heal. See
Sanable.]

Defn: Conducive to health; tending to cure; healing; curative;
sanative.
Sanatory ordinances for the protection of public health, such as
quarantine, fever hospitals, draining, etc. De Quincey.

Note: Sanatory and sanitary should not be confounded. Sanatory
signifies conducive to health, while sanitary has the more general
meaning of pertaining to health.

SANBENITO
San`be*ni"to, n. Etym: [Sp. & Pg. sambenito, contr. from L. saccus
sack + benedictus blessed.]

1. Anciently, a sackcloth coat worn by penitens on being reconciled
to the church.

2. A garnment or cap, or sometimes both, painted with flames,
figures, etc., and worn by persons who had been examined by the
Inquisition and were brought forth for punishment at the auto-da-fé.

SANCE-BELL; SANCTE BELL
Sance"-bell", Sanc"te bell", n.

Defn: See Sanctus bell, under Sanctus.

SANCHO
San"cho, n. [Sp., a proper name.] (Card Playing)

Defn: The nine of trumps in sancho pedro.

SANCHO PEDRO
Sancho pedro. [Sp. Pedro Peter.] (Card Playing)

Defn: A variety of auction pitch in which the nine (sancho) and five
(pedro) of trumps are added as counting cards at their pip value, and
the ten of trumps counts game.

SANCTIFICATE
Sanc"ti*fi*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. sanctificatus, p.p. of
sanctificare.]

Defn: To sanctify. [Obs.] Barrow.

SANCTIFICATION
Sanc`ti*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. sanctificatio: cf. F.
sanctification.]

1. The act of sanctifying or making holy; the being sanctified or
made holy; esp. (Theol.), the act of God's grace by which the
affections of men are purified, or alienated from sin and the world,
and exalted to, a supreme love to God; also, the state of being thus
purified or sanctified.
God hath from the baginning chosen you to salvation through
sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth. 2 Thess. ii.
13.

2. The act of consecrating, or of setting apart, for a sacred
purpose; consecration. Bp. Burnet.

SANCTIFIED
Sanc"ti*fied, a.

Defn: Made holy; also, made to have the air of sanctity;
sanctimonious.

SANCTIFIER
Sanc"ti*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who sanctifies, or makes holy; specifically, the Holy
Spirit.

SANCTIFY
Sanc"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sanctified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sanctifying.] Etym: [F. sanctifier, L. sanctificare; sanctus holy + -
ficare (in comp.) to make. See Saint, and -fy.]

1. To make sacred or holy; to set apart to a holy or religious use;
to consecrate by appropriate rites; to hallow.
God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it. Gen. ii. 3.
Moses . . . sanctified Aaron and his garnment. Lev. viii. 30.

2. To make free from sin; to cleanse from moral corruption and
pollution; to purify.
Sanctify them through thy truth. John xvii. 17.

3. To make efficient as the means of holiness; to render productive
of holiness or piety.
A means which his mercy hath sanctified so to me as to make me repent
of that unjust act. Eikon Basilike.

4. To impart or impute sacredness, venerableness, inviolability,
title to reverence and respect, or the like, to; to secure from
violation; to give sanction to.
The holy man, amazed at what he saw, Made haste to sanctify the bliss
by law. Dryden.
Truth guards the poet, sanctifies the line. Pope.

SANCTIFYINGLY
Sanc"ti*fy`ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner or degree tending to sanctify or make holy.

SANCTILOQUENT
Sanc*til"o*quent, a. Etym: [L. sanctus holy + loquens, p. pr. of
loqui to speak.]

Defn: Discoursing on heavenly or holy things, or in a holy manner.

SANCTIMONIAL
Sanc`ti*mo"ni*al, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. sanctimonialis. ]

Defn: Sanctimonius. [Obs.]

SANCTIMONIOUS
Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous, a. Etym: [See Sanctimony.]

1. Possessing sanctimony; holy; sacred; saintly. Shak.

2. Making a show of sanctity; affecting saintliness; hypocritically
devout or pious. "Like the sanctimonious pirate." Shak.
 -- Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.

SANCTIMONY
Sanc"ti*mo*ny, n. Etym: [L. sanctimonia, fr. sanctus holy: cf. OF.
sanctimonie. See Saint.]

Defn: Holiness; devoutness; scrupulous austerity; sanctity;
especially, outward or artificial saintliness; assumed or pretended
holiness; hypocritical devoutness.
Her pretense is a pilgrimage; . . . which holy undertaking with most
austere sanctimony she accomplished. Shak.

SANCTION
Sanc"tion, n. Etym: [L. sanctio, from sancire, samctum to render
sacred or inviolable, to fix unalternably: cf. F. sanction. See
Saint.]

1. Solemn or ceremonious ratification; an official act of a superior
by which he ratifies and gives validity to the act of some other
person or body; establishment or furtherance of anything by authority
to it; confirmation; approbation.
The strictest professors of reason have added the sanction of their
testimony. I. Watts.

2. Anything done or said to enforce the will, law, or authority of
another; as, legal sanctions.

Syn.
 -- Ratification; authorization; authoruty; countenance; support.

SANCTION
Sanc"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sanctioned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sanctioning.]

Defn: To give sanction to; to ratify; to confirm; to approve.
Would have counseled, or even sanctioned, such perilous experiments.
De Quincey.

Syn.
 -- To ratify; confirm; authorize; countenance.

SANCTIONARY
Sanc"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or giving, sanction.

SANCTITUDE
Sanc"ti*tude, a. Etym: [L. sanctitudo.]

Defn: Holiness; sacredness; sanctity. [R.] milton.

SANCTITY
Sanc"ti*ty, n.; pl. Sanctities. Etym: [L. sanctitas, from sanctus
holy. See Saint.]

1. The state or quality of being sacred or holy; holiness;
saintliness; moral purity; godliness.
To sanctity she made no pretense, and, indeed, narrowly escaped the
imputation of irreligion. Macaulay.

2. Sacredness; solemnity; inviolability; religious binding force; as,
the sanctity of an oath.

3. A saint or holy being. [R.]
About him all the sanctities of heaven. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Holiness; godliness; piety; devotion; goodness; purity;
religiousness;sacredness; solemnity. See the Note under Religion.

SANCTUARIZE
Sanc"tu*a*rize, v. t.

Defn: To shelter by means of a sanctuary or sacred privileges. [Obs.]
Shak.

SANCTUARY
Sanc"tu*a*ry, n.; pl. Sanctuaries. Etym: [OE. seintuare, OF.
saintuaire, F. sanctuaire, fr. L. sanctuarium, from sanctus sacred,
holy. See Saint.]

Defn: A sacred place; a consecrated spot; a holy and inviolable site.
Hence, specifically:
(a) The most retired part of the temple at Jerusalem, called the Holy
of Holies, in which was kept the ark of the covenant, and into which
no person was permitted to enter except the high priest, and he only
once a year, to intercede for the people; also, the most sacred part
of the tabernacle; also, the temple at Jerusalem.
(b) (Arch.) The most sacred part of any religious building, esp. that
part of a Christian church in which the altar is placed.
(c) A house consecrated to the worship of God; a place where divine
service is performed; a church, temple, or other place of worship.
(d) A sacred and inviolable asylum; a place of refuge and protection;
shelter; refuge; protection.
These laws, whoever made them, bestowed on temples the privelege of
sanctuary. Milton
.
These admirable works of painting were made fuel for the fire; but
some relics of it took sanctuary under ground, and escaped the common
destiny. Dryden.
Wildlife sanctuary, a tract of land set aside by law for the
preservation of wildlife, in which no hunting is permitted.

SANCTUM
Sanc"tum, n. Etym: [L., p.p. of sanctire to consecrate.]

Defn: A sacred place; hence, a place of retreat; a room reserved for
personal use; as, an editor's sanctum. Sanctum sanctorum Etym: [L.] ,
the Holy of Holies; the most holy place, as in the Jewish temple.

SANCTUS
Sanc"tus, n. Etym: [L. sanctus, p.p. of sancire.]

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: A part of the Mass, or, in Protestant churches, a part of the
communion service, of which the first words in Latin are Sanctus,
sanctus, sanctus [Holy, holy, holy]; -- called also Tersanctus.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: An anthem composed for these words. Sanctus bell, a small bell
usually suspended in a bell cot at the apex of the nave roof, over
the chancel arch, in mediæval churches, but a hand bell is now often
used; -- so called because rung at the singing of the sanctus, at the
conclusion of the ordinary of the Mass, and again at the elevation of
the host. Called also Mass bell, sacring bell, saints' bell, sance-
bell, sancte bell.

SAND
Sand, n. Etym: [AS. sand; akin to D. zand, G. sand, OHG. sant, Icel.
sandr, Dan. & Sw. sand, Gr.

1. Fine particles of stone, esp. of siliceous stone, but not reduced
to dust; comminuted stone in the form of loose grains, which are not
coherent when wet.
That finer matter, called sand, is no other than very small pebbles.
Woodsward.

2. A single particle of such stone. [R.] Shak.

3. The sand in the hourglass; hence, a moment or interval of time;
the term or extent of one's life.
The sands are numbered that make up my life. Shak.

4. pl.

Defn: Tracts of land consisting of sand, like the deserts of Arabia
and Africa; also, extensive tracts of sand exposed by the ebb of the
tide. "The Libyan sands." Milton. "The sands o'Dee." C. Kingsley.

5. Courage; pluck; grit. [Slang] Sand badger (Zoöl.), the Japanese
badger (Meles ankuma).
 -- Sand bag (a) A bag filled with sand or earth, used for various
purposes, as in fortification, for ballast, etc. (b) A long bag
filled with sand, used as a club by assassins.
 -- Sand ball, soap mixed with sand, made into a ball for use at the
toilet.
 -- Sand bath. (a) (Chem.) A vessel of hot sand in a laboratory, in
which vessels that are to be heated are partially immersed. (b) A
bath in which the body is immersed in hot sand.
 -- Sand bed, a thick layer of sand, whether deposited naturally or
artificially; specifically, a thick layer of sand into which molten
metal is run in casting, or from a reducing furnace.
 -- Sand birds (Zoöl.), a collective name for numerous species of
limicoline birds, such as the sandpipers, plovers, tattlers, and many
others; -- called also shore birds.
 -- Sand blast, a process of engraving and cutting glass and other
hard substances by driving sand against them by a steam jet or
otherwise; also, the apparatus used in the process.
 -- Sand box. (a) A box with a perforated top or cover, for
sprinkling paper with sand. (b) A box carried on locomotives, from
which sand runs on the rails in front of the driving wheel, to
prevent slipping.
 -- Sand-box tree (Bot.), a tropical American tree (Hura crepitans).
Its fruit is a depressed many-celled woody capsule which, when
completely dry, bursts with a loud report and scatters the seeds. See
Illust. of Regma.
 -- Sand bug (Zoöl.), an American anomuran crustacean (Hippa
talpoidea) which burrows in sandy seabeaches. It is often used as
bait by fishermen. See Illust. under Anomura.
 -- Sand canal (Zoöl.), a tubular vessel having a calcareous coating,
and connecting the oral ambulacral ring with the madreporic tubercle.
It appears to be excretory in function.
 -- Sand cock (Zoöl.), the redshank. [Prov. Eng.] -- Sand collar.
(Zoöl.) Same as Sand saucer, below.
 -- Sand crab. (Zoöl.) (a) The lady crab. (b) A land crab, or
ocypodian.
 -- Sand crack (Far.), a crack extending downward from the coronet,
in the wall of a horse's hoof, which often causes lameness.
 -- Sand cricket (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large
terrestrial crickets of the genus Stenophelmatus and allied genera,
native of the sandy plains of the Western United States.
 -- Sand cusk (Zoöl.), any ophidiod fish. See Illust. under Ophidiod.
 -- Sand dab (Zoöl.), a small American flounder (Limanda ferruginea);
-- called also rusty dab. The name is also applied locally to other
allied species.
 -- Sand darter (Zoöl.), a small etheostomoid fish of the Ohio valley
(Ammocrypta pellucida).
 -- Sand dollar (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small flat
circular sea urchins, which live on sandy bottoms, especially
Echinarachnius parma of the American coast.
 -- Sand drift, drifting sand; also, a mound or bank of drifted sand.
 -- Sand eel. (Zoöl.) (a) A lant, or launce. (b) A slender Pacific
Ocean fish of the genus Gonorhynchus, having barbels about the mouth.
 -- Sand flag, sandstone which splits up into flagstones.
 -- Sand flea. (Zoöl.) (a) Any species of flea which inhabits, or
breeds in, sandy places, especially the common dog flea. (b) the
chigoe. (c) Any leaping amphipod crustacean; a beach flea, or
orchestian. See Beach flea, under Beach.
 -- Sand flood, a vast body of sand borne along by the wind. James
Bruce.
 -- Sand fluke. (Zoöl.) (a) The sandnecker. (b) The European smooth
dab (Pleuronectes microcephalus); -- called also kitt, marysole,
smear dab, town dab.
 -- Sand fly (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small dipterous
flies of the genus Simulium, abounding on sandy shores, especially
Simulium nocivum of the United States. They are very troublesome on
account of their biting habits. Called also no-see-um, punky, and
midge.
 -- Sand gall (Geol.) See Sand pipe, below.
 -- Sand grass (Bot.), any species of grass which grows in sand;
especially, a tufted grass (Triplasis purpurea) with numerous bearded
joints, and acid awl-shaped leaves, growing on the Atlantic coast.

-- Sand grouse (Zoöl.), any one of many species of Old World birds
belonging to the suborder Pterocletes, and resembling both grouse and
pigeons. Called also rock grouse, rock pigeon, and ganga. They mostly
belong to the genus Pterocles, as the common Indian species (P.
exustus). The large sand grouse (P. arenarius), the painted sand
grouse (P. fasciatus), and the pintail sand grouse (P. alchata) are
also found in India. See Illust. under Pterocletes.
 -- Sand hill, a hill of sand; a dune.
 -- Sand-hill crane (Zoöl.), the American brown crane (Grus
Mexicana).
 -- Sand hopper (Zoöl.), a beach flea; an orchestian.
 -- Sand hornet (Zoöl.), a sand wasp.
 -- Sand lark. (Zoöl.) (a) A small lark (Alaudala raytal), native of
India. (b) A small sandpiper, or plover, as the ringneck, the
sanderling, and the common European sandpiper. (c) The Australian
red-capped dotterel (Ægialophilus ruficapillus); -- called also red-
necked plover.
 -- Sand launce (Zoöl.), a lant, or launce.
 -- Sand lizard (Zoöl.), a common European lizard (Lacerta agilis).
 -- Sand martin (Zoöl.), the bank swallow.
 -- Sand mole (Zoöl.), the coast rat.
 -- Sand monitor (Zoöl.), a large Egyptian lizard (Monitor arenarius)
which inhabits dry localities.
 -- Sand mouse (Zoöl.), the dunlin. [Prov. Eng.] -- Sand myrtle.
(Bot.) See under Myrtle.
 -- Sand partridge (Zoöl.), either of two small Asiatic partridges of
the genus Ammoperdix. The wings are long and the tarsus is spurless.
One species (A. Heeji) inhabits Palestine and Arabia. The other
species (A. Bonhami), inhabiting Central Asia, is called also seesee
partridge, and teehoo.
 -- Sand picture, a picture made by putting sand of different colors
on an adhesive surface.
 -- Sand pike. (Zoöl.) (a) The sauger. (b) The lizard fish.
 -- Sand pillar, a sand storm which takes the form of a whirling
pillar in its progress in desert tracts like those of the Sahara and
Mongolia.
 -- Sand pipe (Geol.), a tubular cavity, from a few inches to several
feet in dept, occurring especially in calcareous rocks, and often
filled with gravel, sand, etc.; -- called also sand gall.
 -- Sand pride (Zoöl.), a small british lamprey now considered to be
the young of larger species; -- called also sand prey.
 -- Sand pump, in artesian well boring, a long, slender bucket with a
valve at the bottom for raising sand from the well.
 -- Sand rat (Zoöl.), the pocket gopher.
 -- Sand rock, a rock made of cemented sand.
 -- Sand runner (Zoöl.), the turnstone.
 -- Sand saucer (Zoöl.), the mass of egg capsules, or oöthecæ, of any
mollusk of the genus Natica and allied genera. It has the shape of a
bottomless saucer, and is coated with fine sand; -- called also sand
collar.
 -- Sand screw (Zoöl.), an amphipod crustacean (Lepidactylis
arenarius), which burrows in the sandy seabeaches of Europe and
America.
 -- Sand shark (Zoöl.), an American shark (Odontaspis littoralis)
found on the sandy coasts of the Eastern United States; -- called
also gray shark, and dogfish shark. See Illust. under Remora.
 -- Sand skink (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World
lizards belonging to the genus Seps; as, the ocellated sand skink
(Seps ocellatus) of Southern Europe.
 -- Sand skipper (Zoöl.), a beach flea, or orchestian.
 -- Sand smelt (Zoöl.), a silverside.
 -- Sand snake. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of harmless
burrowing snakes of the genus Eryx, native of Southern Europe,
Africa, and Asia, especially E. Jaculus of India and E. Johnii, used
by snake charmers. (b) Any innocuous South African snake of the genus
Psammophis, especially P. sibilans.
 -- Sand snipe (Zoöl.), the sandpiper.
 -- Sand star (Zoöl.), an ophiurioid starfish living on sandy sea
bottoms; a brittle star.
 -- Sand storm, a cloud of sand driven violently by the wind.
 -- Sand sucker, the sandnecker.
 -- Sand swallow (Zoöl.), the bank swallow. See under Bank.
 -- Sand tube, a tube made of sand. Especially:
(a) A tube of vitrified sand, produced by a stroke of lightning; a
fulgurite.
(b) (Zoöl.) Any tube made of cemented sand.
(c) (Zoöl. ) In starfishes, a tube having calcareous particles in its
wall, which connects the oral water tube with the madreporic plate.
 -- Sand viper. (Zoöl.) See Hognose snake.
 -- Sand wasp (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of hymenopterous
insects belonging to the families Pompilidæ and Spheridæ, which dig
burrows in sand. The female provisions the nest with insects or
spiders which she paralyzes by stinging, and which serve as food for
her young.

SAND
Sand, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Sanding.]

1. To sprinkle or cover with sand.

2. To drive upon the sand. [Obs.] Burton.

3. To bury (oysters) beneath drifting sand or mud.

4. To mix with sand for purposes of fraud; as, to sand sugar.
[Colloq.]

SANDAL
San"dal, n.

Defn: Same as Sendal.
Sails of silk and ropes of sandal. Longfellow.

SANDAL
San"dal, n.

Defn: Sandalwood. "Fans of sandal." Tennyson.

SANDAL
San"dal, n. Etym: [F. sandale, L. sandalium, Gr. sandal.]
(a) A kind of shoe consisting of a sole strapped to the foot; a
protection for the foot, covering its lower surface, but not its
upper.
(b) A kind of slipper.
(c) An overshoe with parallel openings across the instep.

SANDALED
San"daled, a.

1. Wearing sandals.
The measured footfalls of his sandaled feet. Longfellow.

2. Made like a sandal.

SANDALIFORM
San*dal"i*form, a. Etym: [Sandal + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Shaped like a sandal or slipper.

SANDALWOOD
San"dal*wood, n. Etym: [F. sandal, santal, fr. Ar. çandal, or Gr.
sa`ntalon; both ultimately fr. Skr. candana. Cf. Sanders.] (Bot.)
(a) The highly perfumed yellowish heartwood of an East Indian and
Polynesian tree (Santalum album), and of several other trees of the
same genus, as the Hawaiian Santalum Freycinetianum and S.
pyrularium, the Australian S. latifolium, etc. The name is extended
to several other kinds of fragrant wood.
(b) Any tree of the genus Santalum, or a tree which yields
sandalwood.
(c) The red wood of a kind of buckthorn, used in Russia for dyeing
leather (Rhamnus Dahuricus). False sandalwood, the fragrant wood of
several trees not of the genus Santalum, as Ximenia Americana,
Myoporum tenuifolium of Tahiti.
 -- Red sandalwood, a heavy, dark red dyewood, being the heartwood of
two leguminous trees of India (Pterocarpus santalinus, and
Adenanthera pavonina); -- called also red sanderswood, sanders or
saunders, and rubywood.

SANDARACH; SANDARAC
San"da*rach, San"da*rac, (, n. Etym: [L. sandaraca, Gr.

1. (Min.)

Defn: Realgar; red sulphide of arsenic. [Archaic]

2. (Bot. Chem.)

Defn: A white or yellow resin obtained from a Barbary tree (Callitris
quadrivalvis or Thuya articulata), and pulverized for pounce; --
probably so called from a resemblance to the mineral.

SANDBAGGER
Sand"bag`ger, n.

Defn: An assaulter whose weapon is a sand bag. See Sand bag, under
Sand.

SAND-BLIND
Sand"-blind", a. Etym: [For sam blind half blind; AS. sam- half (akin
to semi-) + blind.]

Defn: Having defective sight; dim-sighted; purblind. Shak.

SANDED
Sand"ed, a.

1. Covered or sprinkled with sand; sandy; barren. Thomson.

2. Marked with small spots; variegated with spots; speckled; of a
sandy color, as a hound. Shak.

3. Short-sighted. [Prov. Eng.]

SANDEMANIAN
San`de*ma"ni*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Robert Sandeman, a Scotch sectary of the
eighteenth century. See Glassite.

SANDEMANIANISM
San`de*ma"ni*an*ism, n.

Defn: The faith or system of the Sandemanians. A. Fuller.

SANDERLING
San"der*ling, n. Etym: [Sand + 0ling. So called because it obtains
its food by searching the moist sands of the seashore.] (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: A small gray and brown sandpiper (Calidris arenaria) very
common on sandy beaches in America, Europe, and Asia. Called also
curwillet, sand lark, stint, and ruddy plover.

SANDERS
San"ders, n. Etym: [See Sandal.]

Defn: An old name of sandalwood, now applied only to the red
sandalwood. See under Sandalwood.

SANDERS-BLUE
San"ders-blue", n.

Defn: See Saundersblue.

SANDEVER
San"de*ver, n.

Defn: See Sandiver. [Obs.]

SANDFISH
Sand"fish`, n. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: A small marine fish of the Pacific coast of North America
(Trichodon trichodon) which buries itself in the sand.

SANDGLASS
Sand"glass`, n.

Defn: An instrument for measuring time by the running of sand. See
Hourglass.

SANDHILLER
Sand"hill`er, n.

Defn: A nickname given to any "poor white" living in the pine woods
which cover the sandy hills in Georgia and South Carolina. [U.S.]

SANDINESS
Sand"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sandy, or of being of a sandy
color.

SANDISH
Sand"ish, a.

Defn: Approaching the nature of sand; loose; not compact. [Obs.]
Evelyn.

SANDIVER
San"di*ver, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. OF. sa\'8bn grease, fat + de of +
verre glass (cf. Saim), or fr. F. sel de verre sandiver.]

Defn: A whitish substance which is cast up, as a scum, from the
materials of glass in fusion, and, floating on the top, is skimmed
off; -- called also glass gall. [Formerly written also sandever.]

SANDIX
San"dix, n. Etym: [L. sandix, sandyx, vermilion, or a color like
vermilion, Gr.

Defn: A kind of minium, or red lead, made by calcining carbonate of
lead, but inferior to true minium. [Written also sandyx.] [Obs.]

SAND-LOT
Sand"-lot`, a.

Defn: Lit., of or pert. to a lot or piece of sandy ground, -- hence,
pert. to, or characteristic of, the policy or practices of the
socialistic or communistic followers of the Irish agitator Denis
Kearney, who delivered many of his speeches in the open sand lots
about San Francisco; as, the sand-lot constitution of California,
framed in 1879, under the influence of sand-lot agitation.

SANDMAN
Sand"man`, n.

Defn: A mythical person who makes children sleepy, so that they rub
their eyes as if there were sand in them.

SANDNECKER
Sand"neck`er, n. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: A European flounder (Hippoglossoides limandoides); -- called
also rough dab, long fluke, sand fluke, and sand sucker.

SANDPAPER
Sand"pa`per, n.

Defn: Paper covered on one side with sand glued fast, -- used for
smoothing and polishing.

SANDPAPER
Sand"pa`per, v. t.

Defn: To smooth or polish with sandpaper; as, to sandpaper a door.

SANDPIPER
Sand"pi`per, n.

1. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small limicoline game birds
belonging to Tringa, Actodromas, Ereunetes, and various allied genera
of the family Tringid\'91.

Note: The most important North American species are the pestoral
sandpiper (Tringa maculata), called also browback, grass snipe, and
jacksnipe; the red-backed, or black-breasted, sandpiper, or dunlin
(T. alpina); the purple sandpiper (T.maritima: the red-breasted
sandpiper, or knot (T. canutus); the semipalmated sandpiper
(Ereunetes pusillus); the spotted sandpiper, or teeter-tail (Actitis
macularia); the buff-breasted sandpiper (Tryngites subruficollis),
and the Bartramian sandpiper, or upland plover. See under Upland.
Among the European species are the dunlin, the knot, the ruff, the
sanderling, and the common sandpiper (Actitis, or tringoides,
hypoleucus), called also fiddler, peeper, pleeps, weet-weet, and
summer snipe. Some of the small plovers and tattlers are also called
sandpipers.

2. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: A small lamprey eel; the pride. Curlew sandpiper. See under
Curlew.
 -- Stilt sandpiper. See under Stilt.

SANDPIT
Sand"pit`, n.

Defn: A pit or excavation from which sand is or has been taken.

SANDRE
San"dre, n. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: A Russian fish (Lucioperca sandre) which yields a valuable oil,
called sandre oil, used in the preparation of caviare.

SANDSTONE
Sand"stone`, n.

Defn: A rock made of sand more or less firmly united. Common or
siliceous sandstone consists mainly of quartz sand.

Note: Different names are aplied to the various kinds of sandstone
according to their composition; as, granitic, argillaceous,
micaceous, etc. Flexible sandstone (Min.), the finer-grained variety
of itacolumite, which on account of the scales of mica in the
lamination is quite flexible.
 -- Red sandstone, a name given to two extensive series of British
rocks in which red sandstones predominate, one below, and the other
above, the coal measures. These were formerly known as the Old and
the New Red Sandstone respectively, and the former name is still
retained for the group preceding the Coal and referred to the
Devonian age, but the term New Red Sandstone is now little used, some
of the strata being regarded as Permian and the remained as Triassic.
See the Chart of Geology.

SANDWICH
Sand"wich, n. Etym: [Named from the Earl of Sandwich.]

Defn: Two pieces of bread and butter with a thin slice of meat,
cheese, or the like, between them.

SANDWICH
Sand"wich, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sandwiched; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sandwiching.]

Defn: To make into a sandwich; also, figuratively, to insert between
portions of something dissimilar; to form of alternate parts or
things, or alternating layers of a different nature; to interlard.

SANDWORM
Sand"worm`, n. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) Any one of numerous species of annelids which burrow in the sand
of the seashore.
(b) Any species of annelids of the genus Sabellaria. They construct
firm tubes of agglutinated sand on rocks and shells, and are
sometimes destructive to oysters.
(c) The chigoe, a species of flea.

SANDWORT
Sand"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Arenaria, low, tufted herbs (order
Caryophyllace\'91.)

SANDY
Sand"y, a. [Compar. Sandier; superl. Sandiest.] Etym: [AS. sandig.]

1. Consisting of, abounding with, or resembling, sand; full of sand;
covered or sprinkled with sand; as, a sandy desert, road, or soil.

2. Of the color of sand; of a light yellowish red color; as, sandy
hair.

SANDYX
San"dyx, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Sandix.

SANE
Sane, a. Etym: [L. sanus; cf. Gr. Sound, a.]

1. Being in a healthy condition; not deranged; acting rationally; --
said of the mind.

2. Mentally sound; possessing a rational mind; having the mental
faculties in such condition as to be able to anticipate and judge of
the effect of one's actions in an ordinary maner; -- said of persons.

Syn.
 -- Sound; healthy; underanged; unbroken.

SANENESS
Sane"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being sane; sanity.

SANG
Sang,

Defn: imp. of Sing.

SANGA; SANGU
San"ga, San"gu, n. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: The Abyssinian ox (Bos or Bibos, Africanus), noted for the
great length of its horns. It has a hump on its back.

SANGAREE
San`ga*ree", n. Etym: [Sp. sangria, lit., bleeding, from sangre,
blood, L. sanguis.]

Defn: Wine and water sweetened and spiced, -- a favorite West Indian
drink.

SANG-FROID
Sang`-froid", n. Etym: [F., cold blood.]

Defn: Freedom from agitation or excitement of mind; coolness in
trying circumstances; indifference; calmness. Burke.

SANGIAC
San"gi*ac, n.

Defn: See Sanjak.

SANGRAAL; SANGREAL
San`graal", San"gre*al, n. Etym: [See Saint, and Grail.]

Defn: See Holy Grail, under Grail.

SANGUIFEROUS
San*guif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis blood + -ferous.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Conveying blood; as, sanguiferous vessels, i. e., the arteries,
veins, capillaries.

SANGUIFICATION
San`gui*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sanguification. See Sanguify.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: The production of blood; the conversion of the products of
digestion into blood; hematosis.

SANGUIFIER
San"gui*fi`er, n.

Defn: A producer of blood.

SANGUIFLUOUS
San*guif"lu*ous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis blood + fluere to flow.]

Defn: Flowing or running with blood.

SANGUIFY
San"gui*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. sanguis blood + -fy: cf. F. sanguifier.]

Defn: To produce blood from.

SANGUIGENOUS
San*guig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis + -genous.]

Defn: Producing blood; as, sanguigenous food.

SANGUINACEOUS
San`gui*na"ceous, n.

Defn: Of a blood-red color; sanguine.

SANGUINARIA
San`gui*na"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Sanguinary, a. & n.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the Poppy family.

Note: Sanguinaria Canadensis, or bloodroot, is the only species. It
has a perennial rootstock, which sends up a few roundish lobed leaves
and solitary white blossoms in early spring. See Bloodroot.

2. The rootstock of the bloodroot, used in medicine as an emetic,
etc.

SANGUINARILY
San"gui*na*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sanguinary manner.

SANGUINARINESS
San"gui*na*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sanguinary.

SANGUINARY
San"gui*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. sanguinarius, fr. sanguis blood: cf.
F.sanguinaire.]

1. Attended with much bloodshed; bloody; murderous; as, a sanguinary
war, contest, or battle.
We may not propagate religion by wars, or by sanguinary persecutions
to force consciences. Bacon.

2. Bloodthirsty; cruel; eager to shed blood.
Passion . . . makes us brutal and sanguinary. Broome.

SANGUINARY
San"gui*na*ry, n. Etym: [L. herba sanguinaria an herb that stanches
blood: cf. F. sanguinaire. See Sanguinary, a.] (Bot.)
(a) The yarrow.
(b) The Sanguinaria.

SANGUINE
San"guine, a. Etym: [F. sanguin, L. sanguineus, fr. sanguis blood.
Cf. Sanguineous.]

1. Having the color of blood; red.
Of his complexion he was sanguine. Chaucer.
Like to that sanguine flower inscribed with woe. Milton.

2. Characterized by abundance and active circulation of blood; as, a
sanguine bodily temperament.

3. Warm; ardent; as, a sanguine temper.

4. Anticipating the best; not desponding; confident; full of hope;
as, sanguine of success.

Syn.
 -- Warm; ardent; lively; confident; hopeful.

SANGUINE
San"guine, n.

1. Blood color; red. Spenser.

2. Anything of a blood-red, as cloth. [Obs.]
In sanguine and in pes he clad was all. Chaucer.

3. (Min.)

Defn: Bloodstone.

4. Red crayon. See the Note under Crayon, 1.

SANGUINE
San"guine, v. t.

Defn: To stain with blood; to impart the color of blood to; to
ensanguine.

SANGUINE
San"guine, adv.

Defn: In a sanguine manner.
I can not speculate quite so sanguinely as he does. Burke.

SANGUINELESS
San"guine*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of blood; pale. [R.]

SANGUINELY
San"guine*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sanguine manner.

I can not speculate quite so sanguinely as he does.
Burke.

SANGUINENESS
San"guine*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being sanguine.

SANGUINEOUS
San*guin"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. sanguineus. See Sanguine.]

1. Abounding with blood; sanguine.

2. Of or pertaining to blood; bloody; constituting blood. Sir T.
Browne.

3. Blood-red; crimson. Keats.

SANGUINITY
san*guin"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being sanguine; sanguineness. Swift.

SANGUINIVOROUS
San"gui*niv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis + vorare to devour.]

Defn: Subsisting on blood.

SANGUINOLENCY
San*guin"o*len*cy, n.

Defn: The state of being sanguinolent, or bloody.

SANGUINOLENT
San*guin"o*lent, a. Etym: [L. sanguinolentus, from sanguis blood: cf.
F. sanguinolent.]

Defn: Tinged or mingled with blood; bloody; as, sanguinolent sputa.

SANGUISUGE
San"gui*suge, n. Etym: [L. sanguisuga; sanguis blood + sugere to
suck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bloodsucker, or leech.

SANGUIVOROUS
San*guiv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis blood + vorare to devour.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Subsisting upon blood; -- said of certain blood-sucking bats
and other animals. See Vampire.

SANHEDRIN; SANHEDRIM
San"he*drin, San"he*drim, n. Etym: [Heb. sanhedrin, fr. Gr. Sit.]
(Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: the great council of the Jews, which consisted of seventy
members, to whom the high priest was added. It had jurisdiction of
religious matters.

SANHEDRIST
San"he*drist, n.

Defn: A member of the sanhedrin. Schaeffer (Lange's Com. ).

SANHITA
San"hi*ta, n. Etym: [Skr. samhita, properly, combination.]

Defn: A collection of vedic hymns, songs, or verses, forming the
first part of each Veda.

SANICLE
San"i*cle, n. Etym: [F., from L. sanare to heal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the umbelliferous genus Sanicula, reputed to have
healing powers.

SANIDINE
San"i*dine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of orthoclase feldspar common in certain eruptive
rocks, as trachyte; -- called also glassy feldspar.

SANIES
Sa"ni*es, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: A thin, serous fluid commonly discharged from ulcers or foul
wounds.

SANIOUS
Sa"ni*ous, a. Etym: [L. sanious, fr. sanies: cf. F. sanieux.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: pertaining to sanies, or partaking of its nature and
appearance; thin and serous, with a slight bloody tinge; as, the
sanious matter of an ulcer.

2. (med.)

Defn: Discharging sanies; as, a sanious ulcer.

SANITARIAN
San`i*ta"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to health, or the laws of health; sanitary.

SANITARIAN
San`i*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: An advocate of sanitary measures; one especially interested or
versed in sanitary measures.

SANITARIST
San"i*ta*rist, n.

Defn: A sanitarian.

SANITARIUM
San`i*ta"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Sanitary.]

Defn: A health station or retreat; a sanatorium. "A sanitarium for
troops." L. Oliphant.

SANITARY
San"i*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. sanitas health: cf. F. sanitaire. See
Sanity.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to health; designed to secure or preserve
health; relating to the preservation or restoration of health;
hygienic; as, sanitary regulations. See the Note under Sanatory.
Sanitary Commission. See under Commission.

SANITATION
San`i*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of rendering sanitary; the science of sanitary
conditions; the preservation of health; the use of sanitary measures;
hygiene.
How much sanitation has advanced during the last half century. H.
Hartshorne.

SANITY
San"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. saniras, from sanus sound, healthy. See Sane.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being sane; soundness of health of
body or mind, especially of the mind; saneness.

SANJAK
San"jak, n. Etym: [Turk. sanjag.]

Defn: A district or a subvision of a vilayet. [Turkey]

SAN JOSE SCALE
San Jo*sé" scale.

Defn: A very destructive scale insect (Aspidiotus perniciosus) that
infests the apple, pear, and other fruit trees. So called because
first introduced into the United States at San José, California.

SANK
Sank,

Defn: imp. of Sink.

SANKHA
Sank"ha, n. Etym: [Skr. çankha a shell.]

Defn: A chank shell (Turbinella pyrum); also, a shell bracelet or
necklace made in India from the chank shell.

SANKHYA
Sankh"ya, n.

Defn: A Hindoo system of philosophy which refers all things to soul
and a rootless germ called prakriti, consisting of three elements,
goodness, passion, and darkness. Whitworth.

SANNOP
San"nop (sân"nôp), n.

Defn: same as Sannup. Bancroft.

SANNUP
San"nup (-nûp), n.

Defn: A male Indian; a brave; -- correlative of squaw.

SANNY
San"ny, n.

Defn: The sandpiper. [prov. Eng.]

SANS
Sans (sän; E. sânz), prep. Etym: [F., from L. sine without.]

Defn: Without; deprived or destitute of. Rarely used as an English
word. "Sans fail." Chaucer.
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything. Shak.

SANSCRIT
San"scrit, n.

Defn: See Sanskrit.

SANS-CULOTTE
Sans`-cu`lotte" (F. ; E. , n. Etym: [F., without breeches.]

1. A fellow without breeches; a ragged fellow; -- a name of reproach
given in the first French revolution to the extreme republican party,
who rejected breeches as an emblem peculiar to the upper classes or
aristocracy, and adopted pantaloons.

2. Hence, an extreme or radical republican; a violent revolutionist;
a Jacobin.

SANS-CULOTTIC
Sans`-cu*lot"tic, a.

Defn: pertaining to, or involving, sans-culottism; radical;
revolutionary; Jacobinical. Carlyle.

SANS-CULOTTISM
Sans`-cu*lot"tism, n. Etym: [F. sans-culottisme.]

Defn: Extreme republican principles; the principles or practice of
the sans-culottes.

SANSKRIT
San"skrit, n. Etym: [Skr. Samskrsta the Sanskrit language, literally,
the perfect, polished, or classical language, fr. samskrsta prepared,
wrought, made,excellent, perfect; sam together (akin to E. same) +
krsta made. See Same, Create.] [Written also Sanscrit.]

Defn: The ancient language of the Hindoos, long since obsolete in
vernacular use, but preserved to the present day as the literary and
sacred dialect of India. It is nearly allied to the Persian, and to
the principal languages of Europe, classical and modern, and by its
more perfect preservation of the roots and forms of the primitive
language from which they are all descended, is a most important
assistance in determining their history and relations. Cf. Prakrit,
and Veda.

SANSKRIT
San"skrit, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Sanskrit; written in Sanskrit; as, a
Sanskrit dictionary or inscription.

SANSKRITIC
San*skrit"ic, a.

Defn: Sanskrit.

SANSKRITIST
San"skrit*ist, n.

Defn: One versed in Sanskrit.

SANS-SOUCI
Sans`-sou`ci, adv. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Without care; free and easy.

SANTAL
San"tal, n. Etym: [Santalum + piperonal.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless crystalline substance, isomeric with piperonal, but
having weak acid properties. It is extracted from sandalwood.

SANTALACEOUS
San`ta*la"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Santalaceæ), of
which the genus Santalum is the type, and which includes the buffalo
nut and a few other North American plants, and many peculiar plants
of the southern hemisphere.

SANTALIC
San*tal"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, sandalwood (Santalum); --
used specifically to designate an acid obtained as a resinous or red
crystalline dyestuff, which is called also santalin.

SANTALIN
San"ta*lin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. santaline.] (Chem.)

Defn: Santalic acid. See Santalic.

SANTALUM
San"ta*lum, n. Etym: [NL. See Sandalwood.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees with entire opposite leaves and small
apetalous flowers. There are less than a dozen species, occuring from
India to Australia and the Pacific Islands. See Sandalwood.

SANTEES
San`tees", n. pl.; sing. Santee (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of the seven confederated tribes of Indians belonging to
the Sioux, or Dakotas.

SANTER
San"ter, v. i.

Defn: See Saunter.

SANTON
San"ton, n. Etym: [Sp. santon, augment fr. santo holy, L. sanctus.]

Defn: A Turkish saint; a kind of dervish, regarded by the people as a
saint: also, a hermit.

SANTONATE
San"to*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of santonic acid.

SANTONIC
San*ton"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid (distinct from
santoninic acid) obtained from santonin as a white crystalline
substance.

SANTONIN
San"to*nin, n. Etym: [L. herba santonica, a kind of plant, fr.
Santoni a people of Aquitania; cf. Gr. santonine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance having a bitter taste, extracted
from the buds of levant wormseed and used as an anthelmintic. It
occassions a peculiar temporary color blindness, causing objects to
appear as if seen through a yellow glass.

SANTONINATE
San"to*nin`ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of santoninic acid.

SANTONINIC
San`to*nin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to santonin; -- used specifically to designate
an acid not known in the free state, but obtained in its salts.

SAO
Sa"o, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine annelid of the genus Hyalinæcia, especially H.
tubicola of Europe, which inhabits a transparent movable tube
resembling a quill in color and texture.

SAP
Sap, n. Etym: [AS. sæp; akin to OHG. saf, G. saft, Icel. safi; of
uncertain origin; possibly akin to L. sapere to taste, to be wise,
sapa must or new wine boiled thick. Cf. Sapid, Sapient.]

1. The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and
descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition.

Note: The ascending is the crude sap, the assimilation of which takes
place in the leaves, when it becomes the elaborated sap suited to the
growth of the plant.

2. The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree.

3. A simpleton; a saphead; a milksop. [Slang] Sap ball (Bot.), any
large fungus of the genus Polyporus. See Polyporus.
 -- Sap green, a dull light green pigment prepared from the juice of
the ripe berries of the Rhamnus catharticus, or buckthorn. It is used
especially by water-color artists.
 -- Sap rot, the dry rot. See under Dry.
 -- Sap sucker (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small American
woodpeckers of the genus Sphyrapicus, especially the yellow-bellied
woodpecker (S. varius) of the Eastern United States. They are so
named because they puncture the bark of trees and feed upon the sap.
The name is loosely applied to other woodpeckers.
 -- Sap tube (Bot.), a vessel that conveys sap.

SAP
Sap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saped; p. pr. & vb. n. Sapping.] Etym: [F.
saper (cf. Sp. zapar, It. zapare), fr. sape a sort of scythe, LL.
sappa a sort of mattock.]

1. To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to
destroy the foundation of.
Nor safe their dwellings were, for sapped by floods, Their houses
fell upon their household gods. Dryden.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To pierce with saps.

3. To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken.
Ring out the grief that saps the mind. Tennyson.

SAP
Sap, v. i.

Defn: To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute
saps. W. P. Craighill.
Both assaults carried on by sapping. Tatler.

SAP
Sap, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel toward
the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover
of gabions, etc. Sap fagot (Mil.), a fascine about three feet long,
used in sapping, to close the crevices between the gabions before the
parapet is made.
 -- Sap roller (Mil.), a large gabion, six or seven feet long, filled
with fascines, which the sapper sometimes rolls along before him for
protection from the fire of an enemy.

SAPADILLO
Sap`a*dil"lo, n.

Defn: See Sapodila.

SAPAJO
Sap"a*jo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sapajou.

SAPAJOU
Sap"a*jou, n. Etym: [F. sapajou, sajou, Braz. sajuassu.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of South American monkeys of the
genus Cebus, having long and prehensile tails. Some of the species
are called also capuchins. The bonnet sapajou (C. subcristatus), the
golden-handed sapajou (C. chrysopus), and the white-throated sapajou
(C. hypoleucus) are well known species. See Capuchin.

SAPAN WOOD
Sa*pan" wood. Etym: [Malay sapang.] (Bot.)

Defn: A dyewood yielded by Cæsalpinia Sappan, a thorny leguminous
tree of Southern Asia and the neighboring islands. It is the original
Brazil wood. [Written also sappan wood.]

SAPFUL
Sap"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding in sap; sappy.

SAPHEAD
Sap"head`, n.

Defn: A weak-minded, stupid fellow; a milksop. [Low]

SAPHENOUS
Sa*phe"nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)
(a) Manifest; -- applied to the two principal superficial veins of
the lower limb of man.
(b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the saphenous veins; as,
the saphenous nerves; the saphenous opening, an opening in the broad
fascia of the thigh through which the internal saphenous vein passes.

SAPID
Sap"id, a. Etym: [L. sapidus, fr. sapere to taste: cf. F. sapide. See
Sapient, Savor.]

Defn: Having the power of affecting the organs of taste; possessing
savor, or flavor.
Camels, to make the water sapid, do raise the mud with their feet.
Sir T. Browne.

SAPIDITY
Sa*pid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sapidité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being sapid; taste; savor; savoriness.
Whether one kind of sapidity is more effective than another. M. S.
Lamson.

SAPIDNESS
Sap"id*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being sapid; sapidity.
When the Israelites fancied the sapidness and relish of the
fleshpots, they longed to taste and to return. Jer. Taylor.

SAPIENCE
Sa"pi*ence, n. Etym: [L. sapientia: cf. F. sapience. See Sapient..]

Defn: The quality of being sapient; wisdom; sageness; knowledge.
Cowper.
Woman, if I might sit beside your feet, And glean your scattered
sapience. Tennyson.

SAPIENT
Sa"pi*ent, a. Etym: [L. sapiens, -entis, p.pr. of sapere to taste to
have sense, to know. See Sage, a.]

Defn: Wise; sage; discerning; -- often in irony or contempt.
Where the sapient king Held dalliance with his fair Egyptian spouse.
Milton.

Syn.
 -- Sage; sagacious; knowing; wise; discerning.

SAPIENTIAL
Sa`pi*en"tial, a. Etym: [L. sapientialis.]

Defn: Having or affording wisdom.
 -- Sa`pi*en"tial*ly, adv.
The sapiential books of the Old [Testament]. Jer. Taylor.

SAPIENTIOUS
Sa`pi*en"tious, a.

Defn: Sapiential. [Obs.]

SAPIENTIZE
Sa"pi*ent*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make sapient. [R.] Coleridge.

SAPIENTLY
Sa"pi*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sapient manner.

SAPINDACEOUS
Sap`in*da"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an order of trees and shrubs (Sapindaceæ),
including the (Typical) genus Sapindus, the maples, the margosa, and
about seventy other genera.

SAPINDUS
Sa*pin"dus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sapo soap + Indicus Indian.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tropical and subtropical trees with pinnate leaves
and panicled flowers. The fruits of some species are used instead of
soap, and their round black seeds are made into necklaces.

SAPLESS
Sap"less, a.

1. Destitute of sap; not juicy.

2. Fig.: Dry, old; husky; withered; spiritless. "A somewhat sapless
womanhood." Lowell.
Now sapless on the verge of death he stands. Dryden.

SAPLING
sap"ling, n.

Defn: A young tree. Shak.

SAPODILLA
Sap`o*dil"la, n. Etym: [Sp. zapote, sapotillo, zapotillo, Mexican
cochit-zapotl. Cf. Sapota.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tall, evergeen, tropical American tree (Achras Sapota); also,
its edible fruit, the sapodilla plum. [Written also sapadillo,
sappadilo, sappodilla, and zapotilla.] Sapodilla plum (Bot.), the
fruit of Achras Sapota. It is about the size of an ordinary quince,
having a rough, brittle, dull brown rind, the flesh being of a dirty
yellowish white color, very soft, and deliciously sweet. Called also
naseberry. It is eatable only when it begins to be spotted, and is
much used in desserts.

SAPOGENIN
Sa*pog"e*nin, n. Etym: [Saponin + -gen + in.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of
saponin.

SAPONACEOUS
Sap`o*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. sapo, -onis, soap, of Teutonic origin,
and akin to E. soap. See Soap.]

Defn: Resembling soap; having the qualities of soap; soapy.

Note: Saponaceous bodies are compounds of an acid and a base, and are
in reality a kind of salt.

SAPONACITY
Sap`o*nac"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being saponaceous.

SAPONARY
Sap"o*na*ry, a.

Defn: Saponaceous. Boyle.

SAPONIFIABLE
Sa*pon*i*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of conversion into soap; as, a saponifiable substance.

SAPONIFICATION
Sa*pon`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. saponification. See Saponify.]

Defn: The act, process, or result, of soap making; conversion into
soap; specifically (Chem.), the decomposition of fats and other
ethereal salts by alkalies; as, the saponification of ethyl acetate.

SAPONIFIER
Sa*pon"i*fi`er, n. (Chem.)

Defn: That which saponifies; any reagent used to cause
saponification.

SAPONIFY
Sa*pon"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saponified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Saponifying.] Etym: [L. sapo, -onis, soap + -fy: cf. F. saponifier.]

Defn: To convert into soap, as tallow or any fat; hence (Chem.), to
subject to any similar process, as that which ethereal salts undergo
in decomposition; as, to saponify ethyl acetate.

SAPONIN
Sap"o*nin, n. Etym: [L. sapo, -onis soap: cf. F. saponine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous glucoside found in many plants, as in the root of
soapwort (Saponaria), in the bark of soap bark (Quillaia), etc. It is
extracted as a white amorphus powder, which occasions a soapy lather
in solution, and produces a local anæstesia. Formerly called also
struthiin, quilaiin, senegin, polygalic acid, etc. By extension, any
one of a group of related bodies of which saponin proper is the type.

SAPONITE
Sap"o*nite, n. Etym: [Sw. saponit, fr. L. sapo, -onis, soap.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous silicate of magnesia and aluminia. It occurs in soft,
soapy, amorphous masses, filling veins in serpentine and cavities in
trap rock.

SAPONUL
Sap"o*nul, n. Etym: [F. saponule, fr. L. sapo, -onis, soap.] (Old
Chem.)

Defn: A soapy mixture obtained by treating an essential oil with an
alkali; hence, any similar compound of an essential oil. [Written
also saponule.] [Obs.]

SAPOR
Sa"por, n. Etym: [L. See Savor.]

Defn: Power of affecting the organs of taste; savor; flavor; taste.
There is some sapor in all aliments. Sir T. Browne.

SAPORIFIC
Sap`o*rif"ic, a. Etym: [L. sapor taste + facere to make.]

Defn: Having the power to produce the sensation of taste; producing
taste, flavor, or relish.

SAPOROSITY
Sap`o*ros"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of a body by which it excites the sensation of
taste.

SAPOROUS
Sap"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. saporius that relishes well, savory, fr.
sapor taste.]

Defn: Having flavor or taste; yielding a taste. [R.] Bailey.

SAPOTA
Sa*po"ta, n. Etym: [NL., from Sp. sapote, zapote. See Sapodilla.]
(Bot.)

Defn: The sapodilla.

SAPOTACEOUS
Sap`o*ta"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order (Sapotaceæ) of (mostly
tropical) trees and shrubs, including the star apple, the Lucuma, or
natural marmalade tree, the gutta-percha tree (Isonandra), and the
India mahwa, as well as the sapodilla, or sapota, after which the
order is named.

SAPPAN WOOD
Sap*pan" wood".

Defn: Sapan wood.

SAPPARE
Sap"pare, n. Etym: [F. sappare; -- so called by Saussure.] (Min.)

Defn: Kyanite. [Written also sappar.]

SAPPER
Sap"per, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sapeur.]

Defn: One who saps; specifically (Mil.), one who is employed in
working at saps, building and repairing fortifications, and the like.

SAPPHIC
Sap"phic, a. Etym: [L. Sapphicus, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to Sappho, the Grecian poetess; as, Sapphic odes;
Sapphic verse.

2. (Pros.)

Defn: Belonging to, or in the manner of, Sappho; -- said of a certain
kind of verse reputed to have been invented by Sappho, consisting of
five feet, of which the first, fourth, and fifth are trochees, the
second is a spondee, and the third a dactyl.

SAPPHIC
Sap"phic, n. (Pros.)

Defn: A Sapphic verse.

SAPPHIRE
Sap"phire ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [OE. saphir, F. saphir, L. sapphirus,
Gr. sappir.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: Native alumina or aluminium sesquioxide, Al2O3; corundum; esp.,
the blue transparent variety of corundum, highly prized as a gem.
of rubies, sapphires, and of pearlés white. Chaucer.

Note: Sapphire occurs in hexagonal crystals and also in granular and
massive forms. The name sapphire is usually restricted to the blue
crystals, while the bright red crystals are called Oriental rubies
(see under Ruby), the amethystine variety Oriental amethyst (see
under Amethyst), and the dull massive varieties corundum (a name
which is also used as a general term to include all varieties). See
Corundum.

2. The color of the gem; bright blue.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any humming bird of the genus Hylocharis, native of South
America. The throat and breast are usually bright blue. Star
sapphire, or Asteriated sapphire (Min.), a kind of sapphire which
exhibits asterism.

SAPPHIRE
Sap"phire, a.

Defn: Of or resembling sapphire; sapphire; blue. "The sapphire
blaze." Gray.

SAPPHIRINE
Sap"phir*ine, n.

Defn: Resembling sapphire; made of sapphire; having the color, or any
quality of sapphire. "Sapphirine degree of hardness." Boyle.

SAPPHO
Sap"pho, n. Etym: [See Sapphic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of brilliant South American humming
birds of the genus Sappho, having very bright-colored and deeply
forked tails; -- called also firetail.

SAPPINESS
Sap"pi*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being sappy; juiciness.

SAPPODILLA
Sap`po*dil"la, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Sapodilla.

SAPPY
Sap"py, a. [Compar. Sappier; superl. Sappiest.] Etym: [From 1st Sap.]

1. Abounding with sap; full of sap; juisy; succulent.

2. Hence, young, not firm; weak, feeble.
When he had passed this weak and sapy age. Hayward.

3. Weak in intellect. [Low]

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Abounding in sap; resembling, or consisting lagerly of,
sapwood.

SAPPY
Sap"py, a. [Written also sapy.] Etym: [Cf. L. sapere to taste.]

Defn: Musty; tainted. [Obs.]

SAPROPHAGAN
Sa*proph"a*gan, n. Etym: [Gr. saprophage.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of beetles which feed upon dacaying animal and
vegetable substances; a carrion beetle.

SAPROPHAGOUS
Sa*proph"a*gous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feeding on carrion.

SAPROPHYTE
Sap"ro*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant growing on dacayed animal or vegetable matter, as
most fungi and some flowering plants with no green color, as the
Indian pipe.

SAPROPHYTIC
Sap`ro*phyt"ic, a.

Defn: Feeding or growing upon decaying anomal or vegetable matter;
pertaining to a saprophyte or the saprophytes.

SAPROPHYTISM
Sap"ro*phyt*ism, n.

Defn: State or fact of being saprophytic.

SAPSAGO
Sap"sa*go, n. Etym: [G. schabzieger; schaben to shave, to scrape +
zieger a sort of hey.]

Defn: A kind of Swiss cheese, of a greenish color, flavored with
melilot.

SAPSKULL
Sap"skull`, n.

Defn: A saphead. [Low]

SAPUCAIA
Sap`u*ca"ia (; Pg. , n. Etym: [Pg. sapucaya.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Brazilian tree. See Lecythis, and Monkey-pot. [Written also
sapucaya.] Sapucaia nut (Bot.), the seed of the sapucaia; -- called
also paradise nut.

SAPWOOD
Sap"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The alburnum, or part of the wood on any exogenous tree next to
the bark, being that portion of the tree through which the sap flows
most freely; -- distinguished from Heartwood.

SARABAITE
Sar"a*bai*te, n. Etym: [LL. Sarabaïtae, pl.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of certain vagrant or heretical Oriental monks in the early
church.

SARABAND
Sar"a*band, n. Etym: [F. sarabande, Sp. zarabanda, fr. Per. serbend a
song.]

Defn: A slow Spanish dance of Saracenic origin, to an air in triple
time; also, the air itself.
She has brought us the newest saraband from the court of Queen Mab.
Sir W. Scott.

SARACEN
Sar"a*cen, n. Etym: [l. Saracenus perhaps fr. Ar. sharqi, pl.
sharqiin, Oriental Eastern, fr. sharaga to rise, said of the sun: cf.
F. sarrasin. Cf. Sarcenet, Sarrasin, Sirocco.]

Defn: Anciently, an Arab; later, a Mussulman; in the Middle Ages, the
common term among Christians in Europe for a Mohammedan hostile to
the crusaders. Saracen's consound (Bot.), a kind of ragewort (Senecio
Saracenicus), anciently used to heal wounds.

SARACENIC; SARACENICAL
Sar`a*cen"ic, Sar`a*cen"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Saracens; as, Saracenic architecture.
"Saracenic music." Sir W. Scott.

SARASIN
Sar"a*sin, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Sarrasin.

SARASWATI
Sa`ras*wa"ti, n. Etym: [Skr. Sarasvati.] (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: The sakti or wife of Brahma; the Hindoo goddess of learning,
music, and poetry.

SARCASM
Sar"casm, n. Etym: [F. sarcasme, L. sarcasmu, Gr.

Defn: A keen, reproachful expression; a satirical remark uttered with
some degree of scorn or contempt; a taunt; a gibe; a cutting jest.
The sarcasms of those critics who imagine our art to be a matter of
inspiration. Sir J. Reynolds.

Syn.
 -- Satire; irony; ridicule; taunt; gibe.

SARCASMOUS
Sar*cas"mous, a.

Defn: Sarcastic. [Obs.] "Sarcasmous scandal." Hubidras.

SARCASTIC; SARCASTICAL
Sar*cas"tic, Sar*cas"tic*al, a.

Defn: Expressing, or expressed by, sarcasm; characterized by, or of
the nature of, sarcasm; given to the use of sarcasm; bitterly
satirical; scornfully severe; taunting.
What a fierce and sarcastic reprehension would this have drawn from
the friendship of the world! South.

SARCASTICALLY
Sar*cas"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sarcastic manner.

SARCEL
Sar"cel, n. Etym: [OF. cercel, F. cerceau, L. circellus, dim. of
circulus. See Circle.]

Defn: One of the outer pinions or feathers of the wing of a bird,
esp. of a hawk.

SARCELED
Sar"celed, a. (her.)

Defn: Cut through the middle.

SARCELLE
Sar`celle", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. querquedula.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The old squaw, or long-tailed duck.

SARCENET
Sarce"net, n. Etym: [OF. sacenet; cf. LL. saracenium cloth made by
Saracens. See Saracen.]

Defn: A species of fine thin silk fabric, used for linings, etc.
[Written also sarsenet.]
Thou green sarcenet flap for a sore eye. Shak.

SARCIN
Sar"cin, n.

Defn: Same as Hypoxanthin.

SARCINA
Sar*ci"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A genus of bacteria found in various organic fluids, especially
in those those of the stomach, associated with certain diseases. The
individual organisms undergo division along two perpendicular
partitions, so that multiplication takes place in two directions,
giving groups of four cubical cells. Also used adjectively; as, a
sarcina micrococcus; a sarcina group. Sarcina form (Biol.), the
tetrad form seen in the division of a dumb-bell group of micrococci
into four; -- applied particularly to bacteria. See micrococcus.

SARCLE
Sar"cle, v. t. Etym: [F. sarcler to weed, fr. L. sarculare to hoe,
fr. sarculum hoe.]

Defn: To weed, or clear of weeds, with a hoe. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

SARCO; SARCO-
Sar"co.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. flesh; as, sarcophagous, flesh-
eating; sarcology.

SARCOBASIS
Sar*cob"a*sis, n.; pl. Sarcobases. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A fruit consisting of many dry indehiscent cells, which contain
but few seeds and cohere about a common style, as in the mallows.

SARCOBLAST
Sar"co*blast, n. Etym: [Sarco- + -blast.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A minute yellowish body present in the interior of certain
rhizopods.

SARCOCARP
Sar"co*carp, n. Etym: [Sacro- + Gr. sarcocarpe.] (Bot.)

Defn: the fleshy part of a stone fruit, situated between the skin, or
epicarp, and the stone, or endocarp, as in a peach. See Illust. of
Endocarp.

Note: The term has also been used to denote, any fruit which is
fleshy throughout. M. T. Masters.

SARCOCELE
Sar"co*cele, n. Etym: [Gr. sacrocèle.] (Med.)

Defn: Any solid tumor of the testicle.

SARCOCOL; SARCOCOLLA
Sar"co*col, Sar`co*col"la, n. Etym: [L. sarcoccolla, from Gr.
sacrocolle.]

Defn: A gum resin obtained from certain shrubs of Africa (Penæa), --
formerly thought to cause healing of wounds and ulcers.

SARCODE
Sar"code, n. Etym: [Gr. Sarcoid.] (Biol.)

Defn: A name applied by Dujardin in 1835 to the gelatinous material
forming the bodies of the lowest animals; protoplasm.

SARCODERM; SARCODERMA
Sar"co*derm, sar`co*der"ma, n. Etym: [NL. sacroderma. See Sarco-, and
Derm.] (Bot.)
(a) A fleshy covering of a seed, lying between the external and
internal integuments.
(b) A sarcocarp.

SARCODIC
Sar*cod"ic ( or ), a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to sarcode.

SARCOID
Sar"coid, a. Etym: [Gr. Sarcode.] (Biol.)

Defn: Resembling flesh, or muscle; composed of sarcode.

SARCOLACTIC
Sar`co*lac"tic, a. Etym: [Sarco- + lactic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: relating to muscle and milk; as, sarcolactic acid. See Lactic
acid, under Lactic.

SARCOLEMMA
Sar`co*lem"ma, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The very thin transparent and apparently homogenous sheath
which incloses a striated muscular fiber; the myolemma.

SARCOLINE
Sar"co*line, a. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Flesh-colored.

SARCOLOGIC; SARCOLOGICAL
Sar`co*log"ic, Sar`co*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to sarcology.

SARCOLOGY
Sar*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Sarco- + -logy: cf. F. sarcologie.]

Defn: That part of anatomy which treats of the soft parts. It
includes myology, angiology, neurology, and splanchnology.

SARCOMA
Sar*co"ma, n.; pl. L. Sarcomata (# or #), E. sarcomas. Etym: [NL.,
from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A tumor of fleshy consistence; -- formerly applied to many
varieties of tumor, now restricted to a variety of malignant growth
made up of cells resembling those of fetal development without any
proper intercellular substance.

SARCOMATOUS
Sar*com"a*tous ( or ), a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to sarcoma; resembling sarcoma.

SARCOPHAGA
Sar*coph"a*ga, n. pl. Etym: [NL., neut. pl. See Sarcophagus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of carnivorous and insectivorous marsupials
including the dasyures and the opossums.

SARCOPHAGA
Sar*coph"a*ga, n. Etym: [NL., frm. sing. See Sarcophagus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Diptera, including the flesh flies.

SARCOPHAGAN
Sar*coph"a*gan, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any animal which eats flesh, especially any carnivorous
marsupial.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fly of the genus Sarcophaga.

SARCOPHAGOUS
Sar*coph"a*gous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feeding on flesh; flesh-eating; carnivorous.

SARCOPHAGUS
Sar*coph"a*gus, n.; pl. L. Sarcophagi, E. Sarcophaguses. Etym: [L.,
fr. Gr. Sarcasm.]

1. A species of limestone used among the Greeks for making coffins,
which was so called because it consumed within a few weeks the flesh
of bodies deposited in it. It is otherwise called lapis Assius, or
Assian stone, and is said to have been found at Assos, a city of
Lycia. Holland.

2. A coffin or chest-shaped tomb of the kind of stone described
above; hence, any stone coffin.

3. A stone shaped like a sarcophagus and placed by a grave as a
memorial.

SARCOPHAGY
Sar*coph"a*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. Sarcophagus.]

Defn: The practice of eating flesh.

SARCOPHILE
Sar"co*phile, n. Etym: [Sacro- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flesh-eating animal, especially any one of the carnivorous
marsupials.

SARCOPTES
Sar*cop"tes, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of parasitic mites including the itch mites.

SARCOPTID
Sar*cop"tid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of the genus Sarcoptes and related genera of mites,
comprising the itch mites and mange mites.
 -- a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the itch mites.

SARCORHAMPHI
Sar`co*rham"phi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of raptorial birds composing the vultures.

SARCOSEPTUM
Sar`co*sep"tum, n.; pl. Sarcosepta. Etym: [Sarco- + septum.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the mesenteries of an anthozoan.

SARCOSIN
Sar"co*sin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline nitrogenous substance, formed in the
decomposition of creatin (one of the constituents of muscle tissue).
Chemically, it is methyl glycocoll.

SARCOSIS
Sar*co"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
(a) Abnormal formation of flesh.
(b) Sarcoma.

SARCOTIC
Sar*cot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. sarcotique.] (Med.)

Defn: Producing or promoting the growth of flesh. [R.] -- n.

Defn: A sarcotic medicine. [R.]

SARCOUS
Sar"cous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Fleshy; -- applied to the minute stryctural elements, called
sarcous elements, or sarcous disks, of which striated muscular fiber
is composed.

SARCULATION
Sar`cu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. sarculatio. See Sarcle.]

Defn: A weeding, as with a hoe or a rake.

SARD
Sard, n. Etym: [L. sarda, Gr. sarde. Cf. Sardius.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of carnelian, of a rich reddish yellow or brownish
red color. See the Note under Chalcedony.

SARDACHATE
Sar"da*chate, n. Etym: [L. sardachates: cf. F. Sardachate. See Sard,
and Agate.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of agate containing sard.

SARDAN; SARDEL
Sar"dan, Sar"del, n. Etym: [It. sardella. See Sardine a fish.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A sardine. [Obs.]

SARDEL
Sar"del, n.

Defn: A precious stone. See Sardius.

SARDINE
Sar"dine ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [F. sardine (cf. Sp. sardina, sarda,
It. sardina, sardella), L. sardina, sarda; cf. Gr. sardinia, Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several small species of herring which are commonly
preserved in olive oil for food, especially the pilchard, or European
sardine (Clupea pichardus). The California sardine (Clupea sagax) is
similar. The American sardines of the Atlantic coast are mostly the
young of the common herring and of the menhaden.

SARDINE
Sar"dine ( or ; 277), n.

Defn: See Sardius.

SARDINIAN
Sar*din"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Sardinianus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the island, kingdom, or people of Sardinia.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Sardinia.

SARDIUS
Sar"di*us, n. Etym: [L. sardius, lapis sardinus, Gr. Sard.]

Defn: A precious stone, probably a carnelian, one of which was set in
Aaron's breastplate. Ex. xxviii. 17.

SARDOIN
Sar"doin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sardoine.] (Min.)

Defn: Sard; carnelian.

SARDONIAN
Sar*do"ni*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sardonien.]

Defn: Sardonic. [Obs.] "With Sardonian smile." Spenser.

SARDONIC
Sar*don"ic, a. Etym: [F. sardonique, L. sardonius, Gr. Sardinia, Gr.

Defn: Forced; unnatural; insincere; hence, derisive, mocking,
malignant, or bitterly sarcastic; -- applied only to a laugh, smile,
or some facial semblance of gayety.
Where strained, sardonic smiles are glozing still, And grief is
forced to laugh against her will. Sir H. Wotton.
The scornful, ferocious, sardonic grin of a bloody ruffian. Burke.
Sardonic grin or laugh, an old medical term for a spasmodic affection
of the muscles of the face, giving it an appearance of laughter.

SARDONIC
Sar*don"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a kind of linen made at
Colchis.

SARDONYX
Sar"do*nyx, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Sard, and Onyx.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of onyx consisting of sard and white chalcedony in
alternate layers.

SAREE
Sa"ree, n. Etym: [Hind.

Defn: The principal garment of a Hindoo woman. It consists of a long
piece of cloth, which is wrapped round the middle of the body, a
portion being arranged to hang down in front, and the remainder
passed across the bosom over the left shoulder.

SARGASSO
Sar*gas"so, n. Etym: [Sp. sargazo seaweed.] (Bot.)

Defn: The gulf weed. See under Gulf. Sargasso Sea, a large tract of
the North Atlantic Ocean where sargasso in great abundance floats on
the surface.

SARGASSUM
Sar*gas"sum, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A genus of algæ including the gulf weed.

SARGO
Sar"go, n. Etym: [Sp. sargo, L. sargus a kind of fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of sparoid fishes belonging to
Sargus, Pomodasys, and related genera; -- called also sar, and
saragu.

SARI
Sa"ri, n.

Defn: Same as Saree.

SARIGUE
Sa*rigue", n. Etym: [F., from Braz. çarigueia, çarigueira.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American opossum (Didelphys opossum), having four
white spots on the face.

SARK
Sark, n. Etym: [AS. serce, syrce, ashirt; akin to Icel. serkr, Sw.
särk.]

Defn: A shirt. [Scot.]

SARK
Sark, v. t. (Carp.)

Defn: To cover with sarking, or thin boards.

SARKIN
Sar"kin, n. Etym: [Gr. ( (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Same as Hypoxanthin.

SARKING
Sark"ing, n. Etym: [From Sark shirt.] (Carp.)

Defn: Thin boards for shealting, as above the rafters, and under the
shingles or slates, and for similar purposes.

SARLAC; SARLYK
Sar"lac, Sar"lyk, n. Etym: [Mongolian sarlyk.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yak.

SARMATIAN; SARMATIC
Sar*ma"tian, Sar*mat"ic, a. Etym: [L. Sarmaticus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Sarmatia, or its inhabitants, the ancestors
of the Russians und the Poles.

SARMENT
Sar"ment, n. Etym: [L. sarmentum a twig, fr. sarpere to cut off, to
trim: cf. F. sarment.] (Bot.)

Defn: A prostrate filiform stem or runner, as of the strawbwrry. See
Runner.

SARMENTACEOUS
Sar`men*ta"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing sarments, or runners, as the strawberry.

SARMENTOSE
Sar`men*tose" ( or ), a. Etym: [L. sarmentosus: cf. F. sarmenteux.
See Sarment.] (Bot.)
(a) Long and filiform, and almost naked, or having only leaves at the
joints where it strikes root; as, a sarmentose stem.
(b) Bearing sarments; sarmentaceous.

SARMENTOUS
Sar*men"tous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Sarmentose.

SARN
Sarn, n. Etym: [W. sarn a causeway, paving.]

Defn: A pavement or stepping-stone. [Prov. Eng.] Johnson.

SARONG
Sa"rong, n. Etym: [Malay sarung.]

Defn: A sort of petticoat worn by both sexes in Java and the Malay
Archipelago. Balfour (Cyc. of India)

SAROS
Sa"ros, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Astron)

Defn: A Chaldean astronomical period or cycle, the length of which
has been variously estimated from 3,600 years to 3,600 days, or a
little short of 10 years. Brande & C.

SARPLAR
Sar"plar, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. sarplare. See Sarplier.]

Defn: A large bale or package of wool, containing eighty tods, or
2,240 pounds, in weight. [Eng.]

SARPLIER
Sar"plier, n. Etym: [F. serpillière; cf. Pr. sargelheira, LL.
serpelleria, serpleria, Catalan sarpallera, Sp. arpillera.]

Defn: A coarse cloth made of hemp, and used for packing goods, etc.
[Written also sarpelere.] Tyrwhitt.

SARPO
Sar"po, n. Etym: [Corruption of Sp. sapo a toad.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large toadfish the Southern United States and the Gulf of
Mexico (Batrachus tau, var. pardus).

SARRACENIA
Sar`ra*ce"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. So named after a Dr. Sarrazin of
Quebec.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of American perrenial herbs growing in bogs; the
American pitcher plant.

Note: They have hollow pitcher-shaped or tubular leaves, and solitary
flowers with an umbrella-shaped style. Sarracenia purpurea, the
sidesaddle flower, is common at the North; S. flava, rubra,
Drummondii, variolaris, and psittacina are Southern species. All are
insectivorous, catching and drowning insects in their curious leaves.
See Illust. of Sidesaddle flower, under Sidesaddle.

SARRASIN; SARRASINE
Sar"ra*sin, Sar"ra*sine, n. Etym: [F. sarrasine, LL. saracina. See
Saracen.] (Fort.)

Defn: A portcullis, or herse. [Written also sarasin.]

SARSA
Sar"sa, n.

Defn: Sarsaparilla. [Written also sarza.]

SARSAPARILLA
Sar`sa*pa*ril"la, n. Etym: [Sp. zarzaparrilla; zarza a bramble
(perhaps fr. Bisc. zartzia) + parra a vine, or Parillo, a physician
said to have discovered it.] (Bot.)
(a) Any plant of several tropical American species of Smilax.
(b) The bitter mucilaginous roots of such plants, used in medicine
and in sirups for soda, etc.

Note: The name is also applied to many other plants and their roots,
especially to the Aralia nudicaulis, the wild sarsaparilla of the
United States.

SARSAPARILLIN
Sar`sa*pa*ril"lin, n.

Defn: See Parillin.

SARSE
Sarse, n. Etym: [F. sas, OF. saas, LL. setatium, fr. L. seta a stiff
hair.]

Defn: A fine sieve; a searce. [Obs.]

SARSE
Sarse, v. t.

Defn: To sift through a sarse. [Obs.]

SARSEN
Sar"sen, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain; perhaps for saracen stone,
i.e., a heathen or pagan stone or monument.]

Defn: One of the large sandstone blocks scattered over the English
chalk downs; -- called also sarsen stone, and Druid stone. [Eng.]

SARSENET
Sarse"net, n.

Defn: See Sarcenet.

SART
Sart, n.

Defn: An assart, or clearing. [Obs.] Bailey.

SARTORIAL
Sar*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [See Sartorius.]

1. Of or pertaining to a tailor or his work.
Our legs skulked under the table as free from sartorial impertinences
as those of the noblest savages. Lowell.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to thesartorius muscle.

SARTORIUS
Sar*to"ri*us, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sartor a patcher, tailor, fr.
sarcire, sartum, to patch, mend.] (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle of the thigh, called the tailor's muscle, which arises
from the hip bone and is inserted just below the knee. So named
because its contraction was supposed to produce the position of the
legs assumed by the tailor in sitting.

SARUM USE
Sa"rum use`. (Ch. of Eng.)

Defn: A liturgy, or use, put forth about 1087 by St. Osmund, bishop
of Sarum, based on Anglo-Saxon and Norman customs.

SASH
Sash, n. Etym: [Pers. shast a sort of girdle.]

Defn: A scarf or band worn about the waist, over the shoulder, or
otherwise; a belt; a girdle, -- worn by women and children as an
ornament; also worn as a badge of distinction by military officers,
members of societies, etc.

SASH
Sash, v. t.

Defn: To adorn with a sash or scarf. Burke.

SASH
Sash, n. Etym: [F. sh a frame, sash, fr. sh a shrine, reliquary,
frame, L. capsa. See Case a box.]

1. The framing in which the panes of glass are set in a glazed window
or door, including the narrow bars between the panes.

2. In a sawmill, the rectangular frame in which the saw is strained
and by which it is carried up and down with a reciprocating motion; -
- also called gate. French sash, a casement swinging on hinges; -- in
distinction from a vertical sash sliding up and down.

SASH
Sash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sashing.]

Defn: To furnish with a sash or sashes; as, to sash a door or a
window.

SASHERY
Sash"er*y, n. Etym: [From 1st Sash.]

Defn: A collection of sashes; ornamentation by means of sashes. [R.]
Distinguished by their sasheries and insignia. Carlyle.

SASHOON
Sash"oon, n. Etym: [Etymology uncertain.]

Defn: A kind of pad worn on the leg under the boot. [Obs.] Nares.

SASIN
Sa"sin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Indian antelope (Antilope bezoartica, or cervicapra), noted
for its beauty and swiftness. It has long, spiral, divergent horns.

SASSABY; SASSABYE
Sas"sa*by, Sas"sa*bye, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large African antelope (Alcelaphus tunata), similar to the
hartbeest, but having its horns regularly curved.

SASSAFRAS
Sas"sa*fras, n. Etym: [F. sassafras (cf. It. sassafrasso, sassafras,
Sp. sasafras, salsafras, salsifrax, salsifragia, saxifragia), fr. L.
saxifraga saxofrage. See Saxifrage.] (Bot.)

Defn: An American tree of the Laurel family (Sassafras officinale);
also, the bark of the roots, which has an aromatic smell and taste.
Australian sassafras, a lofty tree (Doryophora Sassafras) with
aromatic bark and leaves.
 -- Chilian sassafras, an aromatic tree (Laurelia sempervirens).
 -- New Zealand sassafras, a similar tree (Laurelia Novæ Zelandiæ).
 -- Sassafras nut. See Pichurim bean.
 -- Swamp sassafras, the sweet bay (Magnolia glauca). See Magnolia.

SASSANAGE
Sas"sa*nage, n. Etym: [See Sarse a sieve.]

Defn: Stones left after sifting. Smart.

SASSARARA
Sas`sa*ra"ra, n. Etym: [Perh. a corruption of certiorari, the name of
a writ.]

Defn: A word used to emphasize a statement. [Obs.]
Out she shall pack, with a sassarara. Goldsmith.

SASSE
Sasse, n. Etym: [D. sas, fr. F. sas the basin of a waterfall.]

Defn: A sluice or lock, as in a river, to make it more navigable.
[Obs.] Pepys.

SASSENACH
Sas"sen*ach, n. Etym: [Gael. sasunnach.]

Defn: A Saxon; an Englishman; a Lowlander. [Celtic] Sir W. Scott.

SASSOLIN; SASSOLINE
Sas"so*lin, Sas"so*line, n. Etym: [From Sasso, a town in Italy: cf.
F. sassolin.] (Min.)

Defn: Native boric acid, found in saline incrustations on the borders
of hot springs near Sasso, in the territory of Florence.

SASSOROL; SASSOROLLA
Sas"so*rol, Sas`so*rol"la, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The rock pigeon. See under Pigeon.

SASSY BARK
Sas"sy bark`. (Bot.)

Defn: The bark of a West African leguminous tree (Erythrophlæum
Guineense, used by the natives as an ordeal poison, and also
medicinally; -- called also mancona bark.

SASTRA
Sas"tra, n.

Defn: Same as Shaster.

SASTRUGI
Sas*tru"gi.

Defn: Incorrect, but common, var. of Zastrugi.

SAT
Sat,

Defn: imp. of Sit. [Written also sate.]

SATAN
Sa"tan, n. Etym: [Heb. satan an adversary, fr. satan to be adverse,
to persecute: cf. GR. Satan, Satanas.]

Defn: The grand adversary of man; The Devil, or Prince of darkness;
the chief of the fallen angels; the archfiend.
I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven. Luke x. 18.

SATANIC; SATANICAL
Sa*tan"ic, Sa*tan"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. satanique, GR.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Satan; having the qualities of Satan;
resembling Satan; extremely malicious or wicked; devilish; infernal.
"Satanic strength." "Satanic host." Milton.
Detest the slander which, with a Satanic smile, exults over the
character it has ruined. Dr. T. Dwight.
-- Sa*tan"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Sa*tan"ic*al*ness, n.

SATANISM
Sa"tan*ism, n.

Defn: The evil and malicious disposition of Satan; a diabolical
sprit. [R.]

SATANIST
Sa"tan*ist, n.

Defn: A very wicked-person. [R.] Granger.

SATANOPHANY
Sa`tan*oph"a*ny, n. Etym: [Satan + Gr.

Defn: An incarnation of Satan; a being possessed by a demon. [R.] O.
A. Brownson.

SATCHEL
Satch"el n. Etym: [OF. sachel, fr. L. saccellus, dim. of saccus. See
Sack a bag.]

Defn: A little sack or bag for carrying papers, books, or small
articles of wearing apparel; a hand bag. [Spelled also sachel.]
The whining schoolboy with his satchel. Shak.

SATE
Sate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sated; p. pr. & vb. n. Sating.] Etym:
[Probably shortened fr. satiate: cf. L. satus full. See Satiate.]

Defn: To satisfy the desire or appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to
surfeit.
Crowds of wanderers sated with the business and pleasure of great
cities. Macaulay.

SATE
Sate,

Defn: imp. of Sit.
But sate an equal guest at every board. Lowell.

SATEEN
Sat*een", n. Etym: [Cf. Satin.]

Defn: A kind of dress goods made of cotton or woolen, with a glossy
surface resembling satin.

SATELESS
Sate"less, a.

Defn: Insatiable. [R.] Young.

SATELLITE
Sat"el*lite, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. Stelles, -itis, an attendant.]

1. An attendant attached to a prince or other powerful person; hence,
an obsequious dependent. "The satellites of power." I. Disraeli.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A secondary planet which revolves about another planet; as, the
moon is a satellite of the earth. See Solar system, under Solar.
Satellite moth (Zoöl.), a handsome European noctuid moth (Scopelosoma
satellitia).

SATELLITE
Sat"el*lite, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated near; accompanying; as, the satellite veins, those
which accompany the arteries.

SATELLITIOUS
Sat`el*li"tious, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, satellites. [R.] Cheyne.

SATHANAS
Sath"an*as, n. [L. Satanas. See Satan]

Defn: Satan. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wyclif.

SATIATE
Sa"ti*ate, a. Etym: [L. satiatus, p. p. of satiare to satisfy, from
sat, satis, enough. See Sad, a., and cf. Sate.]

Defn: Filled to satiety; glutted; sated; -- followed by with or of.
"Satiate of applause." Pope.

SATIATE
Sa"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Satiated; p. pr. & vb. n. Satiating.]

1. To satisfy the appetite or desire of; tho feed to the full; to
furnish enjoyment to, to the extent of desire; to sate; as, to
satiate appetite or sense.
These [smells] rather woo the sense than satiate it. Bacon.
I may yet survive the malice of my enemies, although they should be
satiated with my blood. Eikon Basilike.

2. To full beyond matural desire; to gratify to repletion or
loathing; to surfeit; to glut.

3. To saturate. [Obs.] Sir I. Newton.

Syn.
 -- To satisfy; sate; suffice; cloy; gorge; overfill; surfeit; glut.
 -- Satiate, Satisfy, Content. These words differ principally in
degree. To Content is to make contented, even though every desire or
appetite is not fully gratified. To satisfy is to appease fully the
longings of desire. To satiate is to fill so completely that it is
not possible to receive or enjoy more; hence, to overfill; to cause
disgust in.
Content with science in the vale of peace. Pope.
His whole felicity is endless strife;
No peace, no satisfaction, crowns his life. Beaumont.
He may be satiated, but not satisfied. Norris.

SATIATION
Sa`ti*a"tion, n.

Defn: Satiety.

SATIETY
Sa*ti"e*ty, n. Etym: [L. satietas, from satis, sat, enough: cf. F.
satiété.]

Defn: The state of being satiated or glutted; fullness of
gratification, either of the appetite or of any sensual desire;
fullness beyond desire; an excess of gratification which excites
wearisomeness or loathing; repletion; satiation.
In all pleasures there is satiety. Hakewill.
But thy words, with grace divine Imbued, bring to their sweetness no
satiety. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Repletion; satiation; surfeit; cloyment.

SATIN
Sat"in, n. Etym: [F. satin (cf. Pg. setim), fr. It. setino, from seta
silk, L. saeta, seta, a thick, stiff hair, a bristle; or possibly
ultimately of Chinese origin; cf. Chin. sz-tün, sz-twan. Cf. Sateen.]

Defn: A silk cloth, of a thick, close texture, and overshot woof,
which has a glossy surface.
Cloths of gold and satins rich of hue. Chaucer.
Denmark satin, a kind of lasting; a stout worsted stuff, woven with a
satin twill, used for women's shoes.
 -- Farmer's satin. See under Farmer.
 -- Satin bird (Zoöl.), an Australian bower bird. Called also satin
grackle.
 -- Satin flower (Bot.) See Honesty, 4.
 -- Satin spar. (Min.) (a) A fine fibrous variety of calcite, having
a pearly luster. (b) A similar variety of gypsum.
 -- Satin sparrow (Zoöl.), the shining flycatcher (Myiagra nitida) of
Tasmania and Australia. The upper surface of the male is rich
blackish green with a metallic luster.
 -- Satin stone, satin spar.

SATINET
Sat`i*net", n. Etym: [F., fr. satin. See Satin.]

1. A thin kind of satin.

2. A kind of cloth made of cotton warp and woolen filling, used
chiefly for trousers.

SATINETTE
Sat`i*nette", n.

Defn: One of a breed of fancy frilled pigeons allied to the owls and
turbits, having the body white, the shoulders tricolored, and the
tail bluish black with a large white spot on each feather.

SATIN WEAVE
Sat"in weave.

Defn: A style of weaving producing smooth-faced fabric in which the
warp interlaces with the filling at points distributed over the
surface.

SATINWOOD
sat"in*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The hard, lemon-colored, fragrant wood of an East Indian tree
(Chloroxylon Swietnia). It takes a lustrous finish, and is used in
cabinetwork. The name is also given to the wood of a species of
prickly ash (Xanthoxylum Caribæum) growing in Florida and the West
Indies.

SATINY
Sat"in*y, a.

Defn: Like or composed of satin; glossy; as, to have a satiny
appearance; a satiny texture.

SATION
Sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. satio, fr. serere, satum, to sow.]

Defn: A sowing or planting. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SATIRE
Sat"ire (; in Eng. often , n. Etym: [L. satira, satura, fr. satura
(sc. lanx) a dish filled with various kinds of fruits, food composed
of various ingredients, a mixture, a medley, fr. satur full of food,
sated, fr. sat, satis, enough: cf. F. satire. See Sate, Sad, a., and
cf. Saturate.]

1. A composition, generally poetical, holding up vice or folly to
reprobation; a keen or severe exposure of what in public or private
morals deserves rebuke; an invective poem; as, the Satires of
Juvenal.

2. Keeness and severity of remark; caustic exposure to reprobation;
trenchant wit; sarcasm.

Syn.
 -- Lampoon; sarcasm; irony; ridicule; pasquinade; burlesque; wit;
humor.

SATIRIC; SATIRICAL
Sa*tir"ic, Sa*tir"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. satiricus: cf. F. satirique.]

1. Of or pertaining to satire; of the nature of satire; as, a satiric
style.

2. Censorious; severe in language; sarcastic; insulting. "Satirical
rogue." Shak.

Syn.
 -- Cutting; caustic; poignant; sarcastic; ironical; bitter;
reproachful; abusive.
 -- Sa*tir"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Sa*tir"ic*al*ness, n.

SATIRIST
Sat"ir*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. satiriste.]

Defn: One who satirizes; especially, one who writes satire.
The mighty satirist, who . . . had spread through the Whig ranks.
Macaulay.

SATIRIZE
Sat"ir*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Satirized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Satirizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. satiriser.]

Defn: To make the object of satire; to attack with satire; to censure
with keenness or severe sarcasm.
It is as hard to satirize well a man of distinguished vices, as to
praise well a man of distinguished virtues. Swift.

SATISFACTION
Sat`is*fac"tion, n. Etym: [OE. satisfaccioum, F. satisfaction, fr. L.
satisfactio, fr. satisfacere to satisfy. See Satisfy.]

1. The act of satisfying, or the state of being satisfied;
gratification of desire; contentment in possession and enjoyment;
repose of mind resulting from compliance with its desires or demands.
The mind having a power to suspend the execution and satisfaction of
any of its desires. Locke.

2. Settlement of a claim, due, or demand; payment; indemnification;
adequate compensation.
We shall make full satisfaction. Shak.

3. That which satisfies or gratifiles; atonement.
Die he, or justice must; unless or him Some other, able, and as
willing, pay The rigid satisfaction, death for death. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Contentment; content; gratification; pleasure; recompence;
compensation; amends; remuneration; indemnification; atonement.

SATISFACTIVE
Sat`is*fac"tive, a.

Defn: Satisfactory. [Obs.]
Satisfactive discernment of fish. Sir T. Browne.

SATISFACTORY
Sat`is*fac"to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. satisfactoire.]

1. Giving or producing satisfaction; yielding content; especially,
relieving the mind from doubt or uncertainty, and enabling it to rest
with confidence; sufficient; as, a satisfactory account or
explanation.

2. Making amends, indemnification, or recompense; causing to cease
from claims and to rest content; compensating; atoning; as, to make
satisfactory compensation, or a satisfactory apology.
A most wise and sufficient means of redemption and salvation, by the
satisfactory and meritorius death and obedience of the incarnate Son
of God, Jesus Christ. Bp. Sanderson.
-- Sat`is*fac"to*ri*ty, adv.
 -- Sat`is*fac"to*ri*ness, n.

SATISFIABLE
Sat"is*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be satisfied.

SATISFIER
Sat"is*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who satisfies.

SATISFY
Sat"is*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Satisfied; p. pr. & vb. n.
Satisfying.] Etym: [OF. satisfier; L. satis enough + -ficare (in
comp.) to make; cf. F. satisfaire, L. satisfacere. See Sad, a., and
Fact.]

1. In general, to fill up the measure of a want of (a person or a
thing); hence, to grafity fully the desire of; to make content; to
supply to the full, or so far as to give contentment with what is
wished for.
Death shall . . . with us two Be forced to satisfy his ravenous maw.
Milton.

2. To pay to the extent of chaims or deserts; to give what is due to;
as, to satisfy a creditor.

3. To answer or discharge, as a claim, debt, legal demand, or the
like; to give compensation for; to pay off; to requitte; as, to
satisfy a claim or an execution.

4. To free from doubrt, suspense, or uncertainty; to give assurance
to; as, to satisfy one's self by inquiry.
The standing evidences of the truth of the gospel are in themselves
most firm, solid, and satisfying. Atterbury.

Syn.
 -- To satiate; sate; content; grafity; compensate. See Satiate.

SATISFY
Sat"is*fy, v. i.

1. To give satisfaction; to afford gratification; to leave nothing to
be desire.

2. To make payment or atonement; to atone. Milton.

SATISFYINGLY
Sat"is*fy`ing*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to satisfy; satisfactorily.

SATIVE
Sa"tive, a. Etym: [L. sativus, fr. serere, satum, to sow.]

Defn: Sown; propagated by seed. [Obs.] Evelyn.

SATLE
Sa"tle, v. t. & i.

Defn: To settle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SATRAP
Sa"trap ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [L. satrapes, Gr. khsatrapavan ruler:
cf. F. satrape.]

Defn: The governor of a province in ancient Persia; hence, a petty
autocrat despot.

SATRAPAL
Sa"trap*al ( or ), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a satrap, or a satrapy.

SATRAPESS
Sa"trap*ess ( or ), n.

Defn: A female satrap.

SATRAPICAL
Sa*trap"ic`al, a.

Defn: Satrapal. [R.]

SATRAPY
Sa"trap*y, n.; pl. Satrapies. Etym: [L. satrapia, satrapea, Gr.
satrapie.]

Defn: The government or jurisdiction of a satrap; a principality.
Milton.

SATSUMA WARE
Sat"su*ma ware" ( or ). (Fine Arts)

Defn: A kind of ornamental hard-glazed pottery made at Satsuma in
Kiushu, one of the Japanese islands.

SATURABLE
Sat"u*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. saturabilis: cf. F. saturable.]

Defn: Capable of being saturated; admitting of saturation.
 -- Sat`u*ra*bil"i*ty, n.

SATURANT
Sat"u*rant, a. Etym: [L. saturans, p. pr. See Saturate.]

Defn: Impregnating to the full; saturating.

SATURANT
Sat"u*rant, n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance used to neutralize or saturate the affinity of
another substance.

2. (Med.)

Defn: An antacid, as magnesia, used to correct acidity of the
stomach.

SATURATE
Sat"u*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saturated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Saturating.] Etym: [L. saturatus, p.p. of saturate to saturate, fr.
satur full of food, sated. See Satire.]

1. To cause to become completely penetrated, impregnated, or soaked;
to fill fully; to sate.
Innumerable flocks and herbs covered that vast expanse of emerald
meadow saturated with the moisture of the Atlantic. Macaulay.
Fill and saturate each kind With good according to its mind. Emerson.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: To satisfy the affinity of; to cause to become inert by
chemical combination with all that it can hold; as, to saturate
phosphorus with chlorine.

SATURATE
Sat"u*rate, p. a. Etym: [L. saturatus, p. p.]

Defn: Filled to repletion; saturated; soaked.
Dries his feathers saturate with dew. Cowper.
The sand beneath our feet is saturate With blood of martyrs.
Longfellow.

SATURATED
Sat"u*ra`ted, a.

1. Filled to repletion; holding by absorption, or in solution, all
that is possible; as, saturated garments; a saturated solution of
salt.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Having its affinity satisfied; combined with all it can hold; -
- said of certain atoms, radicals, or compounds; thus, methane is a
saturated compound. Contrasted with unsaturated.

Note: A saturated compound may exchange certain ingredients for
others, but can not take on more without such exchange. Saturated
color (Optics), a color not diluted with white; a pure unmixed color,
like those of the spectrum.

SATURATION
Sat`u*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. saturatio: cf. F. saturation.]

1. The act of saturating, or the state of being saturating; complete
penetration or impregnation.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The act, process, or result of saturating a substance, or of
combining it to its fullest extent.

3. (Optics)

Defn: Freedom from mixture or dilution with white; purity; -- said of
colors.

Note: The degree of saturation of a color is its relative purity, or
freedom from admixture with white.

SATURATOR
sat"u*ra`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who, or that which, saturates.

SATURDAY
Sat"ur*day (; 48), n. Etym: [OE. Saterday, AS. Sæterdæg, Sæterndæg,
Sæternesdæg, literally, Saturn's day, fr. L. Saturnus Saturn + AS.
dæg day; cf. L. dies Saturni.]

Defn: The seventh or last day of the week; the day following Friday
and preceding Sunday.

SATURITY
Sa*tu"ri*ty, n. Etym: [L. saturitas, fr. satur full of food, sated.]

Defn: The state of being saturated; fullness of supply. [Obs.]
Warner.

SATURN
Sa"turn, n. Etym: [L. Saturnus, literally, the saower, fr. serere,
satum, to sow. See Season.]

1. (Roman Myth.)

Defn: One of the elder and principal deities, the son of Coelus and
Terra (Heaven and Earth), anf the father of Jupiter. The
corresponding Greek divinity was Kro`nos, later CHro`nos, Time.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: One of the planets of the solar system, next in magnitude to
Jupiter, but more remote from the sun. Its diameter is seventy
thousand miles, its mean distance from the sun nearly eight hundred
and eighty millions of miles, and its year, or periodical revolution
round the sun, nearly twenty-nine years and a half. It is surrounded
by a remarkable system of rings, and has eight satellites.

3. (Alchem.)

Defn: The metal lead. [Archaic]

SATURNALIA
Sat`ur*na"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [L. See Saturn.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: the festival of Saturn, celebrated in December, originally
during one day, but afterward during seven days, as a period of
unrestrained license and merriment for all classes, extending even to
the slaves.

2. Hence: A period or occasion of general licemse, in which the
passions or vices have riotous indulgence.

SATURNALIAN
Sat`ur*na"li*an, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the Saturnalia.

2. Of unrestrained and intemperate jollity; riotously merry;
dissolute. "Saturnalian amusement." Burke.

SATURNIAN
Sa*tur"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Saturnius.]

1. (Roman Myth.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Saturn, whose age or reign, from the
mildness and wisdom of his government, is called the golden age.

2. Hence: Resembling the golden age; distinguished for peacefulness,
happiness, contentment.
Augustus, born to bring Saturnian times. Pope.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the planet Saturn; as, the Saturnian year.
Saturnian verse (Pros.), a meter employed by early Roman satirists,
consisting of three iambics and an extra syllable followed by three
trochees, as in the line: --Thê queen | wâs isn | thê kistch | ên
eatîng | bread ând | honêy.

SATURNIAN
Sa*tur"ni*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of large handsome moths belonging
to Saturnia and allied genera. The Luna moth, polyphemus, and
promethea, are examples. They belong to the Silkworn family, and some
are raised for their silk. See Polyphemus.

SATURNICENTRIC
Sat`urn*i*cen"tric, a. (Astron.)

Defn: Appearing as if seen from the center of the planet Saturn;
relating or referred to Saturn as a center.

SATURNINE
Sat"ur*nine, a. Etym: [L. Saturnus the god Saturn, also, the planet
Saturn: cf. F. saturnin of or pertaining to lead (Saturn, in old
chemistry, meaning lead),saturnien saturnine, saturnian. See Saturn.]

1. Born under, or influenced by, the planet Saturn.

2. Heavy; grave; gloomy; dull; -- the opposite of mercurial; as, a
saturnine person or temper. Addison.

3. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to lead; characterized by, or resembling,
lead, which was formerly called Saturn. [Archaic] Saturnine colic
(Med.), lead colic.

SATURNISM
Sat"ur*nism, n. (Med.)

Defn: Plumbum. Quain.

SATURNIST
Sat"ur*nist, n.

Defn: A person of a dull, grave, gloomy temperament. W. browne.

SATYR
Sa"tyr, n. Etym: [L. satyrus, Gr. satyre.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A sylvan deity or demigod, represented as part man and part
goat, and characterized by riotous merriment and lasciviousness.
Rough Satyrs danced; and Fauns, with cloven heel, From the glad sound
would not be absent long. Milton.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of many species of butterflies belonging to the family
Nymphalidæ. Their colors are commonly brown and gray, often with
ocelli on the wings. Called also meadow browns.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The orangoutang.

SATYRIASIS
Sat`y*ri"a*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Satyr.]

Defn: Immoderate venereal appetite in the male. Quain.

SATYRIC; SATYRICAL
Sa*tyr"ic, Sa*tyr"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. satyricus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to satyrs; burlesque; as, satyric tragedy. P.
Cyc.

SATYRION
Sa*tyr"i*on, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several kinds of orchids. [Obs.]

SAUBA ANT
Sau"ba ant`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American ant (Ecodoma cephalotes) remarkable for having
two large kinds of workers besides the ordinary ones, and for the
immense size of its formicaries. The sauba ant cuts off leaves of
plants and carries them into its subterranean nests, and thus often
does great damage by defoliating trees and cultivated plants.

SAUCE
Sauce, n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. sausse, LL. salsa, properly, salt
pickle, fr. L. salsus salted, salt, p.p. of salire to salt, fr. sal
salt. See Salt, and cf. Saucer, Souse pickle, Souse to plunge.]

1. A composition of condiments and appetizing ingredients eaten with
food as a relish; especially, a dressing for meat or fish or for
puddings; as, mint sauce; sweet sauce, etc. "Poignant sauce."
Chaucer.
High sauces and rich spices fetched from the Indies. Sir S. Baker.

2. Any garden vegetables eaten with meat. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]
Forby. Bartlett.
Roots, herbs, vine fruits, and salad flowers . . . they dish up
various ways, and find them very delicious sauce to their meats, both
roasted and boiled, fresh and salt. Beverly.

3. Stewed or preserved fruit eaten with other food as a relish; as,
apple sauce, cranberry sauce, etc. [U.S.] "Stewed apple sauce." Mrs.
Lincoln (Cook Book).

4. Sauciness; impertinence. [Low.] Haliwell. To serve one the same
sauce, to retaliate in the same kind. [Vulgar]

SAUCE
Sauce, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. saucer.] [imp. & p. p. Sauced (; p. pr. &
vb. n. Saucing (.]

1. To accompany with something intended to give a higher relish; to
supply with appetizing condiments; to season; to flavor.

2. To cause to relish anything, as if with a sauce; to tickle or
gratify, as the palate; to please; to stimulate; hence, to cover,
mingle, or dress, as if with sauce; to make an application to. [R.]
Earth, yield me roots; Who seeks for better of thee, sauce his palate
With thy most operant poison! Shak.

3. To make poignant; to give zest, flavor or interest to; to set off;
to vary and render attractive.
Then fell she to sauce her desires with threatenings. Sir P. Sidney.

4. To treat with bitter, pert, or tart language; to be impudent or
sancy to. [Colloq. or Low]
I'll sauce her with bitter words. Shak.

SAUCE
Sauce, n. Etym: [F.] (Fine Art)

Defn: A soft crayon for use in stump drawing or in shading with the
stump.

SAUCE-ALONE
Sauce"-a*lone`, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.)

Defn: Jack-by-the-hedge. See under Jack.

SAUCEBOX
Sauce"box`, n. Etym: [See Sauce, and Saucy.]

Defn: A saucy, impudent person; especially, a pert child.
Saucebox, go, meddle with your lady's fan, And prate not here! A.
Brewer.

SAUCEPAN
Sauce"pan`, n.

Defn: A small pan with a handle, in which sauce is prepared over a
fire; a stewpan.

SAUCER
Sau"cer, n. Etym: [F. saucière, from sauce. see Sauce.]

1. A small pan or vessel in which sauce was set on a table. [Obs.]
Bacon.

2. A small dish, commonly deeper than a plate, in which a cup is set
at table.

3. Something resembling a saucer in shape. Specifically:
(a) A flat, shallow caisson for raising sunken ships.
(b) A shallow socket for the pivot of a capstan. Flying saucer, a
type of Unidentified Flying Object, having a biconvex discoid shape;
such objects are occasionally reported to have been sighted, but no
example of one has been reliably shown to exist. They are believed by
ufologists to originate in outer space, but they are generally
presumed to be misinterpretations of ordinary phenomena, illusions or
imaginary objects. Fraudulent photographs purporting to show flying
saucers are published from time to time.

SAUCILY
Sau"ci*ly, adv.

Defn: In a saucy manner; impudently; with impertinent boldness.
Addison.

SAUCINESS
Sau"ci*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being saucy; that which is saucy;
impertinent boldness; contempt of superiors; impudence.
Your sauciness will jest upon my love. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Impudence; impertinence; rudeness; insolence. see Impudence.

SAUCISSON; SAUCISSE
Sau`cis`son", Sau`cisse", n. Etym: [F., fr. saucisse sausage. See
Sausage.]

1. (Mining or Gun.)

Defn: A long and slender pipe or bag, made of cloth well pitched, or
of leather, filled with powder, and used to communicate fire to
mines, caissons, bomb chests, etc.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: A fascine of more than ordinary length.

SAUCY
Sau"cy, a. [Compar. Saucier; superl. Sauciest.] Etym: [From Sauce.]

1. Showing impertinent boldness or pertness; transgressing the rules
of decorum; treating superiors with contempt; impudent; insolent; as,
a saucy fellow.
Am I not protector, saucy priest Shak.

2. Expressive of, or characterized by, impudence; impertinent; as, a
saucy eye; saucy looks.
We then have done you bold and sausy wrongs. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Impudent; insolent; impertinent; rude.

SAUERKRAUT
Sauer"kraut`, n. Etym: [G., fr. sauer sour + kraut herb, cabbage.]

Defn: Cabbage cut fine and allowed to ferment in a brine made of its
own juice with salt, -- a German dish.

SAUF
Sauf, a.

Defn: Safe. [Obs.] haucer.

SAUF
Sauf, conj. & prep.

Defn: Save; except. [Obs.] "Sauf I myself." Chaucer.

SAUFLY
Sauf"ly, adv.

Defn: Safely. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SAUGER
Sau"ger, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American fresh-water food fish (Stizostedion Canadense); --
called also gray pike, blue pike, hornfish, land pike, sand pike,
pickering, and pickerel.

SAUGH; SAUH
Saugh, Sauh, obs.

Defn: imp. sing. of See. Chaucer.

SAUKS
Sauks, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Same as Sacs.

SAUL
Saul, n.

Defn: Soul. [Obs.]

SAUL
Saul, n.

Defn: Same as Sal, the tree.

SAULIE
Sau"lie, n.

Defn: A hired mourner at a funeral. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

SAULT
Sault, n. Etym: [OF., F. saut, fr. L. saltus See Salt a leap.]

Defn: A rapid in some rivers; as, the Sault Ste. Marie. [U.S.]
Bartlett.

SAUNDERS
Saun"ders, n.

Defn: See Sandress.

SAUNDERS-BLUE
Saun"ders-blue`, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. F. cendres bleues blue
ashes.]

Defn: A kind of color prepared from calcined lapis lazuli;
ultramarine; also, a blue prepared from carbonate of copper. [Written
also sanders-blue.]

SAUNTER
Saun"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sauntered; p. pr. & vb. n. Sauntering.]
Etym: [Written also santer.] Etym: [Probably fr. F. s'aventurer to
adventure (one's self), through a shortened form s'auntrer. See
Adventure, n. & v.]

Defn: To wander or walk about idly and in a leisurely or lazy manner;
to lounge; to stroll; to loiter.
One could lie under elm trees in a lawn, or saunter in meadows by the
side of a stream. Masson.

Syn.
 -- To loiter; linger; stroll; wander.

SAUNTER
Saun"ter, n.

Defn: A sauntering, or a sauntering place.
That wheel of fops, that saunter of the town. Young.

SAUNTERER
Saun"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who saunters.

SAUR
Saur, n. Etym: [Contracted from Gael. salachar filth, nastiness, fr.
salach nasty, fr. sal filth, refuse.]

Defn: Soil; dirt; dirty water; urine from a cowhouse. [Prov. Eng.]

SAUREL
Sau"rel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any carangoid fish of the genus Trachurus, especially T.
trachurus, or T. saurus, of Europe and America, and T. picturatus of
California. Called also skipjack, and horse mackarel.

SAURIA
Sau"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Reptilia formerly established to include the
Lacertilia, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, and other groups. By some writers
the name is restricted to the Lacertilia.

SAURIAN
Sau"ri*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, the Sauria.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Sauria.

SAURIOID
Sau"ri*oid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Sauroid.

SAUROBATRACHIA
Sau"ro*ba*tra"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Sauria, and Batrachia.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The Urodela.

SAUROGNATHOUS
Sau*rog"na*thous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the bones of the palate arranged as in saurians, the
vomer consisting of two lateral halves, as in the woodpeckers.
(Pici).

SAUROID
Sau"roid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid: cf. Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) Like or pertaining to the saurians.
(b) Resembling a saurian superficially; as, a sauroid fish.

SAUROIDICHNITE
Sau`roid*ich"nite, n. Etym: [See Sauroid, and Ichnite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: The fossil track of a saurian.

SAUROPODA
Sau*rop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct order of herbivorous dinosaurs having the feet of a
saurian type, instead of birdlike, as they are in many dinosaurs. It
includes the Largest Known land animals, belonging to Brontosaurus,
Camarasaurus, and alied genera. See Illustration in Appendix.

SAUROPSIDA
Sau*rop"si*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A comprehensive group of vertebrates, comprising the reptiles
and birds.

SAUROPTERYGIA
Sau*rop`te*ryg"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: Same as Plesiosauria.

SAURURAE
Sau*ru"ræ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct order of birds having a long vertebrated tail with
quills along each side of it. Archæopteryx is the type. See
Archæopteryx, and Odontornithes.

SAURY
Sau"ry, n.; pl. Sauries. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A slender marine fish (Scombresox saurus) of Europe and
America. It has long, thin, beaklike jaws. Called also billfish,
gowdnook, gawnook, skipper, skipjack, skopster, lizard fish, and
Egypt herring.

SAUSAGE
Sau"sage (; 48), n. Etym: [F. saucisse, LL. salcitia, salcicia, fr.
salsa. See Sauce.]

1. An article of food consisting of meat (esp. pork) minced and
highly seasoned, and inclosed in a cylindrical case or skin usually
made of the prepared intestine of some animal.

2. A saucisson. See Saucisson. Wilhelm.

SAUSEFLEM
Sau"se*flem, a. Etym: [OF. saus salt (L. salsus) + flemme phlegm.]

Defn: Having a red, pimpled face. [Obs.] [Written also sawceflem.]
Chaucer.

SAUSSURITE
Saus"sur*ite, n. Etym: [F. So called from M. Saussure.] (Min.)

Defn: A tough, compact mineral, of a white, greenish, or grayish
color. It is near zoisite in composition, and in part, at least, has
been produced by the alteration of feldspar.

SAUT; SAUTE
Saut, Saute, n.

Defn: An assault. [Obs.]

SAUTE
Sau`te",

Defn: p. p. of Sauter. C. Owen.

SAUTER
Sau`ter", v. t. Etym: [F., properly, to jump.]

Defn: To fry lightly and quickly, as meat, by turning ot tossing it
over frequently in a hot pan greased with a little fat.

SAUTER
Sau"ter, n.

Defn: Psalter. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

SAUTERELLE
Sau`te*relle, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An instrument used by masons and others to trace and form
angles.

SAUTERNE
Sau`terne", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A white wine made in the district of sauterne, France.

SAUTRIE
Sau"trie, n.

Defn: Psaltery. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SAUVEGARDE
Sau`ve*garde", n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The monitor.

SAVABLE
Sav"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Save. Cf. Salvable.]

Defn: capable of, or admitting of, being saved.
In the person prayed for there ought to be the great disposition of
being in a savable condition. Jer. Taylor.

SAVABLENESS
Sav"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Capability of being saved.

SAVACIOUN
Sa*va"ci*oun`, n.

Defn: Salvation. [Obs.]

SAVAGE
Sav"age (; 48), a. Etym: [F. sauvage, OF. salvage, fr. L. silvaticus
belonging to a wood, wild, fr. silva a wood. See Silvan, and cf.
Sylvatic.]

1. Of or pertaining to the forest; remote from human abodes and
cultivation; in a state of nature; nature; wild; as, a savage
wilderness.

2. Wild; untamed; uncultivated; as, savage beasts.
Cornels, and savage berries of the wood. Dryden.

3. Uncivilized; untaught; unpolished; rude; as, savage life; savage
manners.
What nation, since the commencement of the Christian era, ever rose
from savage to civilized without Christianity E. D. Griffin.

4. Characterized by cruelty; barbarous; fierce; ferocious; inhuman;
brutal; as, a savage spirit.

Syn.
 -- Ferocious; wild; uncultivated; untamed; untaught; uncivilized;
unpolished; rude; brutish; brutal; heathenish; barbarous; cruel;
inhuman; fierce; pitiless; merciless; unmerciful; atrocious. See
Ferocious.

SAVAGE
Sav"age, n.

1. A human being in his native state of rudeness; one who is
untaught; uncivilized, or without cultivation of mind or manners.

2. A man of extreme, unfeeling, brutal cruelty; a barbarian.

SAVAGE
Sav"age (; 48), v. t.

Defn: To make savage. [R.]
Its bloodhounds, savaged by a cross of wolf. South

SAVAGELY
Sav"age*ly, adv.

Defn: In a savage manner.

SAVAGENESS
Sav"age*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being savage.
Wolves and bears, they say, Casting their savageness aside have done
Like offices of pity. Shak.

SAVAGERY
Sav"age*ry, n. Etym: [F. sauvagerie.]

1. The state of being savage; savageness; savagism.
A like work of primeval savagery. C. Kingsley.

2. An act of cruelty; barbarity.
The wildest savagery, the vilest stroke, That ever wall-eyed wrath or
staring rage Presented to the tears of soft remorse. Shak.

3. Wild growth, as of plants. Shak.

SAVAGISM
Sav"a*gism, n.

Defn: The state of being savage; the state of rude, uncivilized men,
or of men in their native wildness and rudeness.

SAVANILLA
Sav`a*nil"la, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tarpum. [Local, U.S.]

SAVANNA
Sa*van"na, n. Etym: [Of American Indian origin; cf. Sp. sabana, F.
savane.]

Defn: A tract of level land covered with the vegetable growth usually
found in a damp soil and warm climate, -- as grass or reeds, -- but
destitute of trees. [Spelt also savannah.]
Savannahs are clear pieces land without woods. Dampier.
Savanna flower (Bot.), a West Indian name for several climbing
apocyneous plants of the genus Echites.
 -- Savanna sparrow (Zoöl.), an American sparrow (Ammodramus
sandwichensis or Passerculus savanna) of which several varieties are
found on grassy plains from Alaska to the Eastern United States.
 -- Savanna wattle (Bot.), a name of two West Indian trees of the
genus Citharexylum.

SAVANT
Sa`vant", n.; pl. Savants (F. . Etym: [F., fr. savoir to know, L.
sapere. See Sage, a.]

Defn: A man of learning; one versed in literature or science; a
person eminent for acquirements.

SAVE
Save, n. Etym: [See Sage the herb.]

Defn: The herb sage, or salvia. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SAVE
Save, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saved; p. pr. & vb. n. Saving.] Etym: [OE.
saven, sauven, salven, OF. salver, sauver, F. sauver, L. salvare, fr.
salvus saved, safe. See Safe, a.]

1. To make safe; to procure the safety of; to preserve from injury,
destruction, or evil of any kind; to rescue from impending danger;
as, to save a house from the flames.
God save all this fair company. Chaucer.
He cried, saying, Lord, save me. Matt. xiv. 30.
Thou hast . . . quitted all to save A world from utter loss. Milton.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: Specifically, to deliver from and its penalty; to rescue from a
state of condemnation and spiritual death, and bring into a state of
spiritual life.
Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners. 1 Tim. i. 15.

3. To keep from being spent or lost; to secure from waste or
expenditure; to lay up; to reserve.
Now save a nation, and now save a groat. Pope.

4. To rescue from something undesirable or hurtful; to prevent from
doing something; to spare.
I'll save you That labor, sir. All's now done. Shak.

5. To hinder from doing, suffering, or happening; to obviate the
necessity of; to prevent; to spare.
Will you not speak to save a lady's blush Dryden.

6. To hold possession or use of; to escape loss of.
Just saving the tide, and putting in a stock of merit. Swift.
To save appearance, to preserve a decent outside; to avoid exposure
of a discreditable state of things.

Syn.
 -- To preserve; rescue; deliver; protect; spare; reserve; prevent.

SAVE
Save, v. i.

Defn: To avoid unnecessary expense or expenditure; to prevent waste;
to be economical.
Brass ordnance saveth in the quantity of the material. Bacon.

SAVE
Save, prep. or conj. Etym: [F. sauf, properly adj., safe. See Safe,
a.]

Defn: Except; excepting; not including; leaving out; deducting;
reserving; saving.
Five times received I forty stripes save one. 2 Cor. xi. 24.

Syn.
 -- See Except.

SAVE
Save, conj.

Defn: Except; unless.

SAVEABLE
Save"a*ble, a.

Defn: See Savable.

SAVE-ALL
Save"-all`, n. Etym: [Save + all.]

Defn: Anything which saves fragments, or prevents waste or loss.
Specifically:
(a) A device in a candlestick to hold the ends of candles, so that
they be burned.
(b) (Naut.) A small sail sometimes set under the foot of another
sail, to catch the wind that would pass under it. Totten. (c) A
trough to prevent waste in a paper-making machine.

SAVELOY
Sav"e*loy, n. Etym: [F. cervelas, It. cervellata, fr. cervello brain,
L. cerebellum, dim. of cerebrum brain. See Cerebral.]

Defn: A kind of dried sausage. McElrath.

SAVELY
Save"ly, adv.

Defn: Safely. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SAVEMENT
Save"ment, n.

Defn: The act of saving. [Obs.]

SAVER
Sav"er, n.

Defn: One who saves.

SAVIN; SAVINE
Sav"in, Sav"ine, n. Etym: [OE. saveine, AS. safinæ, savine, L. sabina
herba. Cf. Sabine.] [Written also sabine.] (Bot.)
(a) A coniferous shrub (Juniperus Sabina) of Western Asia,
occasionally found also in the northern parts of the United States
and in British America. It is a compact bush, with dark-colored
foliage, and produces small berries having a glaucous bloom. Its
bitter, acrid tops are sometimes used in medicine for gout,
amenorrhoea, etc.
(b) The North American red cedar (Juniperus Virginiana.)

SAVING
Sav"ing, a.

Defn: 1. Preserving; rescuing.
He is the saving strength of his anointed. Ps. xxviii. 8.

2. Avoiding unnecessary expense or waste; frugal; not lavish or
wasteful; economical; as, a saving cook.

3. Bringing back in returns or in receipts the sum expended;
incurring no loss, though not gainful; as, a saving bargain; the ship
has made a saving voyage.

4. Making reservation or exception; as, a saving clause.

Note: saving is often used with a noun to form a compound adjective;
as, labor-saving, life-saving, etc.

SAVING
Sav"ing, prep. or conj.; but properly a participle.

Defn: With the exception of; except; excepting; also, without
disrespect to. "Saving your reverence." Shak. "Saving your presence."
Burns.
None of us put off clothes, saving that every one put them off for
washing. Neh. iv. 23.
And in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth saving he
that receiveth it. Rev. ii. 17.

SAVING
Sav"ing, n.

1. Something kept from being expended or lost; that which is saved or
laid up; as, the savings of years of economy.

2. Exception; reservation.
Contend not with those that are too strong for us, but still with a
saving to honesty. L'Estrange.
Savings bank, a bank in which savings or earnings are deposited and
put at interest.

SAVINGLY
Sav"ing*ly, adv.

1. In a saving manner; with frugality or parsimony.

2. So as to be finally saved from eternal death.
Savingly born of water and the Spirit. Waterland.

SAVINGNESS
Sav"ing*ness, n.

1. The quality of being saving; carefulness not to expend money
uselessly; frugality; parsimony. Mrs. H. H. Jackson.

2. Tendency to promote salvation. Johnson.

SAVIOR
Sav"ior, n. Etym: [OE. saveour, OF. salveor, F. sauveur, fr. L.
salvator to save. See Save, v.] [Written also saviour.]

1. One who saves, preserves, or delivers from destruction or danger.

2. Specifically: The (or our, your, etc.) Savior, he who brings
salvation to men; Jesus Christ, the Redeemer.

SAVIORESS
Sav"ior*ess, n.

Defn: A female savior. [Written also saviouress.] [R.] Bp. Hall.

SAVOR
Sa"vor, n. Etym: [OE. savour, savor, savur, OF. savor, savour, F.
saveur, fr. L. sapor, fr. sapere to taste, savor. See Sage, a., and
cf. Sapid, Insipid, Sapor.] [Written also savour.]

1. That property of a thing which affects the organs of taste or
smell; taste and odor; flavor; relish; scent; as, the savor of an
orange or a rose; an ill savor.
I smell sweet savors and I feel soft things. Shak.

2. Hence, specific flavor or quality; characteristic property;
distinctive temper, tinge, taint, and the like.
Why is not my life a continual joy, and the savor of heaven
perpetually upon my spirit Baxter.

3. Sense of smell; power to scent, or trace by scent. [R.] "Beyond my
savor." Herbert.

4. Pleasure; delight; attractiveness. [Obs.]
She shall no savor have therein but lite. Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- Taste; flavor; relish; odor; scent; smell.

SAVOR
Sa"vor, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Savored; p. pr. & vb. n. Savoring.] Etym:
[Cf. OF. savorer, F. savourer. See Savor, n.] [Written also savour.]

1. To have a particular smell or taste; -- with of.

2. To partake of the quality or nature; to indicate the presence or
influence; to smack; -- with of.
This savors not much of distraction. Shak.
I have rejected everything that savors of party. Addison.

3. To use the sense of taste. [Obs.]
By sight, hearing, smelling, tasting or savoring, and feeling.
Chaucer.

SAVOR
Sa"vor, v. t.

1. To perceive by the smell or the taste; hence, to perceive; to
note. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. To have the flavor or quality of; to indicate the presence of.
[R.]
That cuts us off from hope, and savors only Rancor and pride,
impatience and despite. Milton.

3. To taste or smell with pleasure; to delight in; to relish; to
like; to favor. [R.] Shak.

SAVORILY
Sa"vor*i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a savory manner.

SAVORINESS
Sa"vor*i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being savory.

SAVORLESS
Sa"vor*less, a.

Defn: Having no savor; destitute of smell or of taste; insipid.

SAVORLY
Sa"vor*ly, a.

Defn: Savory. [Obs.]

SAVORLY
Sa"vor*ly, adv.

Defn: In a savory manner. [Obs.] Barrow.

SAVOROUS
Sa"vor*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. savoureux, OF. saveros, L. saporosus.
Cf. Saporous, and see Savor, n.]

Defn: Having a savor; savory. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

SAVORY
Sa"vor*y, a. Etym: [From Savor.]

Defn: Pleasing to the organs of taste or smell. [Written also
savoury.]
The chewing flocks Had ta'en their supper on the savory herb. Milton.

SAVORY; SAVOURY
Sa"vo*ry, n. Etym: [F. savorée; cf. It. santoreggia, satureja, L.
satureia,] (Bot.)

Defn: An aromatic labiate plant (Satireia hortensis), much used in
cooking; -- also called summer savory. [Written also savoury.]

SAVOY
Sa*voy", n. Etym: [F. chou de Savoie cabbage of Savoy.] (Bot.)

Defn: A variety of the common cabbage (Brassica oleracea major),
having curled leaves, -- much cultivated for winter use.

SAVOYARD
Sav`oy*ard", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Savoy.

SAVVY; SAVVEY
Sav"vy, Sav"vey, v. t. & i. [Written also savey.] [Sp. saber to know,
sabe usted do you know]

Defn: To understand; to comprehend; know. [Slang, U. S.]

SAVVY; SAVVEY
Sav"vy, Sav"vey, n.

Defn: Comprehension; knowledge of affairs; mental grasp. [Slang, U.
S.]

SAW
Saw,

Defn: imp. of See.

SAW
Saw, n. Etym: [OE. sawe, AS. sagu; akin to secgan to say. See Say, v.
t. and cf. Saga.]

1. Something said; speech; discourse. [Obs.] "To hearken all his
sawe." Chaucer.

2. A saying; a proverb; a maxim.
His champions are the prophets and apostles, His weapons holy saws of
sacred writ. Shak.

3. Dictate; command; decree. [Obs.]
[Love] rules the creatures by his powerful saw. Spenser.

SAW
Saw, n. Etym: [OE. sawe, AS. sage; akin to D. zaag, G. säge, OHG.
sega, saga, Dan. sav, sw. såg, Icel. sög, L. secare to cut, securis
ax, secula sickle. Cf. Scythe, Sickle, Section, Sedge.]

Defn: An instrument for cutting or dividing substances, as wood,
iron, etc., consisting of a thin blade, or plate, of steel, with a
series of sharp teeth on the edge, which remove successive portions
of the material by cutting and tearing.

Note: Saw is frequently used adjectively, or as the first part of a
compound. Band saw, Crosscut saw, etc. See under Band, Crosscut, etc.
 -- Circular saw, a disk of steel with saw teeth upon its periphery,
and revolved on an arbor.
 -- Saw bench, a bench or table with a flat top for for sawing,
especially with a circular saw which projects above the table.
 -- Saw file, a three-cornered file, such as is used for sharpening
saw teeth.
 -- Saw frame, the frame or sash in a sawmill, in which the saw, or
gang of saws, is held.
 -- Saw gate, a saw frame.
 -- Saw gin, the form of cotton gin invented by Eli Whitney, in which
the cotton fibers are drawn, by the teeth, of a set of revolving
circular saws, through a wire grating which is too fine for the seeds
to pass.
 -- Saw grass (Bot.), any one of certain cyperaceous plants having
the edges of the leaves set with minute sharp teeth, especially the
Cladium effusum of the Southern United States. Cf. Razor grass, under
Razor.
 -- Saw log, a log of suitable size for sawing into lumber.
 -- Saw mandrel, a mandrel on which a circular saw is fastened for
running.
 -- Saw pit, a pit over which timbor is sawed by two men, one
standing below the timber and the other above. Mortimer.
 -- Saw sharpener (Zoöl.), the great titmouse; -- so named from its
harsh call note. [Prov. Eng.] -- Saw whetter (Zoöl.), the marsh
titmouse (Parus palustris); -- so named from its call note. [Prov.
Eng.] -- Scroll saw, a ribbon of steel with saw teeth upon one edge,
stretched in a frame and adapted for sawing curved outlines; also, a
machine in which such a saw is worked by foot or power.

SAW
Saw, v. t. [imp. Sawed; p. p. Sawed or Sawn (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sawing.]

1. To cut with a saw; to separate with a saw; as, to saw timber or
marble.

2. To form by cutting with a saw; as, to saw boards or planks, that
is, to saw logs or timber into boards or planks; to saw shingles; to
saw out a panel.

3. Also used figuratively; as, to saw the air.

SAW
Saw, v. i.

1. To use a saw; to practice sawing; as, a man saws well.

2. To cut, as a saw; as, the saw or mill saws fast.

3. To be cut with a saw; as, the timber saws smoothly.

SAWARRA NUT
Sa*war"ra nut`.

Defn: See Souari nut.

SAWBELLY
Saw"bel`ly, n.

Defn: The alewife. [Local, U.S.]

SAWBILL
Saw"bill`, n.

Defn: The merganser. [Prov. Eng.]

SAWBONES
Saw"bones`, n.

Defn: A nickname for a surgeon.

SAWBUCK
Saw"buck`, n.

Defn: A sawhorse.

SAWCEFLEM
SAw"ce*flem, a.

Defn: See Sauseflem. [Obs.]

SAWDER
Saw"der, n.

Defn: A corrupt spelling and pronunciation of solder. Soft sawder,
seductive praise; flattery; blarney. [Slang]

SAWDUST
Saw"dust`, n.

Defn: Dust or small fragments of wood 9or of stone, etc.) made by the
cutting of a saw.

SAWER
Saw"er`, n.

Defn: One who saws; a sawyer.

SAWFISH
Saw"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of elasmobranch fishes of the genus
Pristis. They have a sharklike form, but are more nearly allied to
the rays. The flattened and much elongated snout has a row of stout
toothlike structures inserted along each edge, forming a sawlike
organ with which it mutilates or kills its prey.

SAWFLY
Saw"fly`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of hymenopterous insects belonging
to the family Tenthredinidæ. The female usually has an ovipositor
containing a pair of sawlike organs with which she makes incisions in
the leaves or stems of plants in which to lay the eggs. The larvæ
resemble those of Lepidoptera.

SAWHORSE
Saw"horse`, n.

Defn: A kind of rack, shaped like a double St. Andrew's cross, on
which sticks of wood are laid for sawing by hand; -- called also
buck, and sawbuck.

SAWMILL
Saw"mill`, n.

Defn: A mill for sawing, especially one for sawing timber or lumber.

SAWNEB
Saw"neb`, n.

Defn: A merganser. [Prov. Eng.]

SAW PALMETTO
Saw" pal*met"to.

Defn: See under Palmetto.

SAW-SET
Saw"-set`, n.

Defn: An instrument used to set or turn the teeth of a saw a little
sidewise, that they may make a kerf somewhat wider than the thickness
of the blade, to prevent friction; -- called also saw-wrest.

SAWTOOTH
Saw"tooth`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An arctic seal (Lobodon carcinophaga), having the molars
serrated; -- called also crabeating seal.

SAW-TOOTHED
Saw"-toothed", a.

Defn: Having a tooth or teeth like those of a saw; serrate.

SAWTRY
Saw"try, n.

Defn: A psaltery. [Obs.] Dryden.

SAW-WHET
saw"-whet`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small North American owl (Nyctale Acadica), destitute of ear
tufts and having feathered toes; -- called also Acadian owl.

SAW-WORT
Saw"-wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the composite genus Serratula; -- so named from
the serrated leaves of most of the species.

SAW-WREST
Saw"-wrest`, n.

Defn: See Saw-set.

SAWYER
Saw"yer, n. Etym: [Saw + -yer, as in lawyer. Cf. Sawer.]

1. One whose occupation is to saw timber into planks or boards, or to
saw wood for fuel; a sawer.

2. A tree which has fallen into a stream so that its branches project
above the surface, rising and falling with a rocking or swaying
motion in the current. [U.S.]

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bowfin. [Local, U.S.]

SAX
Sax, n. Etym: [AS. seax a knife.]

Defn: A kind of chopping instrument for trimming the edges of roofing
slates.

SAXATILE
Sax"a*tile, a. Etym: [L. saxatilis, fr. saxum a rock: cf. F.
saxalite.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to rocks; living among rocks; as, a saxatile
plant.

SAXHORN
Sax"horn`, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A name given to a numerous family of brass wind instruments
with valves, invented by Antoine Joseph Sax (known as Adolphe Sax),
of Belgium and Paris, and much used in military bands and in
orchestras.

SAXICAVA
Sax`i*ca"va, n.; pl. E. saxicavas, L. Saxicavæ. Etym: [NL. See
Saxicavous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of marine bivalve shells of the genus Saxicava.
Some of the species are noted for their power of boring holes in
limestone and similar rocks.

SAXICAVID
Sax`i*ca"vid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the saxicavas.
 -- n.

Defn: A saxicava.

SAXICAVOUS
Sax`i*ca"vous, a. Etym: [L. saxum rock + cavare to make hollow, fr.
cavus hollow: cf. F. saxicave.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Boring, or hollowing out, rocks; -- said of certain mollusks
which live in holes which they burrow in rocks. See Illust. of
Lithodomus.

SAXICOLINE
Sax*ic"o*line, a. Etym: [L. saxum a rock + colere to inhabit.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Stone-inhabiting; pertaining to, or having the characteristics
of, the stonechats.

SAXICOLOUS
Sax*ic"o*lous, a. Etym: [See Saxicoline.] (Bot.)

Defn: Growing on rocks.

SAXIFRAGA
Sax*if"ra*ga, n. Etym: [L., saxifrage. See Saxifrage.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of exogenous polypetalous plants, embracing about one
hundred and eighty species. See Saxifrage.

SAXIFRAGACEOUS
Sax`i*fra*ga"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Saxifragaceæ) of
which saxifrage is the type. The order includes also the alum root,
the hydrangeas, the mock orange, currants and gooseberries, and many
other plants.

SAXIFRAGANT
Sax*if"ra*gant, a. Etym: [See Saxifrage.]

Defn: Breaking or destroying stones; saxifragous. [R.] -- n.

Defn: That which breaks or destroys stones. [R.]

SAXIFRAGE
Sax"i*frage (; 48), n. Etym: [L. saxifraga, from saxifragus stone-
breaking; saxum rock + frangere to break: cf. F. saxifrage. See
Fracture, and cf. Sassafras, Saxon.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Saxifraga, mostly perennial herbs
growing in crevices of rocks in mountainous regions. Burnet
saxifrage, a European umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella Saxifraga).
 -- Golden saxifrage, a low half-sacculent herb (Chrysosplenium
oppositifolium) growing in rivulets in Europe; also, C. Americanum,
common in the United States. See also under Golden.
 -- Meadow saxifrage, or Pepper saxifrage. See under Meadow.

SAXIFRAGOUS
Sax*if"ra*gous, a. Etym: [L. saxifragus: cf. F. saxifrage. See
Saxifrage.]

Defn: Dissolving stone, especially dissolving stone in the bladder.

SAXON
Sax"on, n. Etym: [l. Saxo, pl. Saxones, from the Saxon national name;
cf. AS. pl. Seaxe, Seaxan, fr. seax a knife, a short sword, a dagger
(akin to OHG. sahs, and perhaps to L. saxum rock, stone, knives being
originally made of stone); and cf. G. Sachse, pl. Sachsen. Cf.
Saxifrage.]

1.
(a) One of a nation or people who formerly dwelt in the nothern part
of Germany, and who, with other Teutonic tribes, invaded and
conquered England in the fifth and sixth centuries. (b) Also used in
the sense of Anglo-Saxon. (c) A native or inhabitant of modern
Saxony.

2. The language of the Saxons; Anglo-Saxon. old Saxon, the saxon of
the continent of Europe in the old form of the language, as shown
particularly in the "Heliand", a metrical narration of the gospel
history preserved in manuscripts of the 9th century.

SAXON
Sax"on, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Saxons, their country, or their
language.
(b) Anglo-Saxon.
(c) Of or pertaining to Saxony or its inhabitants. Saxon blue
(Dyeing), a deep blue liquid used in dyeing, and obtained by
dissolving indigo in concentrated sulphuric acid. Brande & C.
 -- Saxon green (Dyeing), a green color produced by dyeing with
yellow upon a ground of Saxon blue.

SAXONIC
Sax*on"ic, a.

Defn: relating to the saxons or Anglo-Saxons.

SAXONISM
Sax"on*ism, n.

Defn: An idiom of the Saxon or Anglo-Saxon language. T. Warton.

SAXONIST
Sax"on*ist, n.

Defn: One versed in the Saxon language.

SAXONITE
Sax"on*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Mountain soap, under Mountain.

SAXONY
Sax"o*ny, n. [So named after the kingdom of Saxony, reputed to
produce fine wool.]

1. A kind of glossy woolen cloth formerly much used.

2.  Saxony yarn, or flannel made of it or similar yarn.

SAXONY YARN
Saxony yarn.

Defn: A fine grade of woolen yarn twisted somewhat harder and
smoother than zephyr yarn.

SAXOPHONE
Sax"o*phone, n. Etym: [A.A.J. Sax, the inventor (see Saxhorn) + Gr.
(Mus.)

Defn: A wind instrument of brass, containing a reed, and partaking of
the qualities both of a brass instrument and of a clarinet.

SAX-TUBA
Sax"-tu`ba, n. Etym: [See Saxhorn, and Tube.] (Mus.)

Defn: A powerful instrument of brass, curved somewhat like the Roman
buccina, or tuba.

SAY
Say, obs. imp. of See.

Defn: Saw. Chaucer.

SAY
Say, n. Etym: [Aphetic form of assay.]

1. Trial by sample; assay; sample; specimen; smack. [Obs.]
if those principal works of God . . . be but certain tastes and saus,
as if were, of that final benefit. Hooker.
Thy tongue some say of breeding breathes. Shak.

2. Tried quality; temper; proof. [Obs.]
he found a sword of better say. Spenser.

3. Essay; trial; attempt. [Obs.] To give a say at, to attempt. B.
Jonson.

SAY
Say, v. t.

Defn: To try; to assay. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SAY
Say, n. Etym: [OE. saie, F. saie, fr. L. saga, equiv. to sagum,
sagus, a coarse woolen mantle; cf. Gr. Sagum.]

1. A kind of silk or satin. [Obs.]
Thou say, thou serge, nay, thou buckram lord! Shak.

2. A delicate kind of serge, or woolen cloth. [Obs.]
His garment neither was of silk nor say. Spenser.

SAY
Say, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Said, contracted from sayed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Saying.] Etym: [OE. seggen, seyen, siggen, sayen, sayn, AS. secgan;
akin to OS. seggian, D. zeggen, LG. seggen, OHG. sag, G. sagen, Icel.
segja, Sw. säga, Dan. sige, Lith. sakyti; cf. OL. insece teil,
relate, Gr. Saga, Saw a saying.]

1. To utter or express in words; to tell; to speak; to declare; as,
he said many wise things.
Arise, and say how thou camest here. Shak.

2. To repeat; to rehearse; to recite; to pronounce; as, to say a
lesson.
Of my instruction hast thou nothing bated In what thou hadst to say
Shak.
After which shall be said or sung the following hymn. Bk. of Com.
Prayer.

3. To announce as a decision or opinion; to state positively; to
assert; hence, to form an opinion upon; to be sure about; to be
determined in mind as to.
But what it is, hard is to say. Milton.

4. To mention or suggest as an estimate, hypothesis, or
approximation; hence, to suppose; -- in the imperative, followed
sometimes by the subjunctive; as, he had, say fifty thousand dollars;
the fox had run, say ten miles.
Say, for nonpayment that the debt should double, Is twenty hundred
kisses such a trouble Shak.
It is said, or They say, it is commonly reported; it is rumored;
people assert or maintain.
 -- That is to say, that is; in other words; otherwise.

SAY
Say, v. i.

Defn: To speak; to express an opinion; to make answer; to reply.
You have said; but whether wisely or no, let the forest judge. Shak.
To this argument we shall soon have said; for what concerns it us to
hear a husband divulge his household privacies Milton.

SAY
Say, n. Etym: [From Say, v. t.; cf. Saw a saying.]

Defn: A speech; something said; an expression of opinion; a current
story; a maxim or proverb. [Archaic or Colloq.]
He no sooner said out his say, but up rises a cunning snap.
L'Estrange.
That strange palmer's boding say, That fell so ominous and drear Full
on the object of his fear. Sir W. Scott.

SAYER
Say"er, n.

Defn: One who says; an utterer.
Mr. Curran was something much better than a sayer of smart sayings.
Jeffrey.

SAYETTE
Sa*yette", n. Etym: [F. Cf. Say a kind of serge.]

Defn: A mixed stuff, called also sagathy. See Sagathy.

SAYING
Say"ing, n.

Defn: That which is said; a declaration; a statement, especially a
proverbial one; an aphorism; a proverb.
Many are the sayings of the wise, In ancient and in modern books
enrolled. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Declaration; speech; adage; maxim; aphorism; apothegm; saw;
proverb; byword.

SAYMAN
Say"man, n. Etym: [Say sample + man.]

Defn: One who assays. [Obs.]

SAYMASTER
Say"mas`ter, n.

Defn: A master of assay; one who tries or proves. [Obs.] "Great
saymaster of state." D. Jonson.

SAYND
Saynd,

Defn: obs. p. p. of Senge, to singe. Chaucer.

'SBLOOD
'Sblood, interj.

Defn: An abbreviation of God's blood; -- used as an oath. [Obs.]
Shak.

SCAB
Scab, n. Etym: [OE. scab, scabbe, shabbe; cf. AS. scæb, sceabb,
scebb, Dan. & Sw. skab, and also L. scabies, tr. scabere to scratch,
akin to E. shave. See Shave, and cf. Shab, Shabby.]

1. An incrustation over a sore, wound, vesicle, or pustule, formed by
the drying up of the discharge from the diseased part.

2. The itch in man; also, the scurvy. [Colloq. or Obs.]

3. The mange, esp. when it appears on sheep. Chaucer.

4. A disease of potatoes producing pits in their surface, caused by a
minute fungus (Tiburcinia Scabies).

5. (Founding)

Defn: A slight iregular protuberance which defaces the surface of a
casting, caused by the breaking away of a part of the mold.

6. A mean, dirty, paltry fellow. [Low] Shak.

7. A nickname for a workman who engages for lower wages than are
fixed by the trades unions; also, for one who takes the place of a
workman on a strike. [Cant]

SCAB
Scab, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scabbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Scabbing.]

Defn: To become covered with a scab; as, the wound scabbed over.

SCABBARD
Scab"bard, n. Etym: [OE. scaubert, scauberk, OF. escaubers,
escauberz, pl., scabbards, probably of German or Scan. origin; cf.
Icel. skalpr scabbard, and G. bergen to conceal. Cf. Hauberk.]

Defn: The case in which the blade of a sword, dagger, etc., is kept;
a sheath.
Nor in thy scabbard sheathe that famous blade. Fairfax.
Scabbard fish (Zoöl.), a long, compressed, silver-colored tænioid
fish (Lepidopus caudatus, or argyreus), found on the European coasts,
and more abundantly about New Zealand, where it is called frostfish
and considered an excellent food fish.

SCABBARD
Scab"bard, v. t.

Defn: To put in a scabbard.

SCABBARD PLANE
Scab"bard plane`.

Defn: See Scaleboard plane, under Scaleboard.

SCABBED
Scab"bed ( or ), a.

1. Abounding with scabs; diseased with scabs.

2. Fig.: Mean; paltry; vile; worthless. Bacon.

SCABBEDNESS
Scab"bed*ness, n.

Defn: Scabbiness.

SCABBILY
Scab"bi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scabby manner.

SCABBINESS
Scab"bi*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being scabby.

SCABBLE
Scab"ble, v. t.

Defn: See Scapple.

SCABBY
Scab"by, a. [Compar. Scabbier (; superl. Scabbiest.]

1. Affected with scabs; full of scabs.

2. Diseased with the scab, or mange; mangy. Swift.

SCABIES
Sca"bi*es, n. (Med.)

Defn: The itch.

SCABIOUS
Sca"bi*ous, a. Etym: [L. scabious, from scabies the scab: cf. F.
scabieux.]

Defn: Consisting of scabs; rough; itchy; leprous; as, scabious
eruptions. Arbuthnot.

SCABIOUS
Sca"bi*ous, n. Etym: [Cf. F. scabieuse. See Scabious, a.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Scabiosa, several of the species of
which are common in Europe. They resemble the Compositæ, and have
similar heads of flowers, but the anthers are not connected. Sweet
scabious (a) Mourning bride. (b) A daisylike plant (Erigeron annuus)
having a stout branching stem.

SCABLING
Scab"ling, n. Etym: [See Scapple.]

Defn: A fragment or chip of stone. [Written also scabline.]

SCABREDITY
Sca*bred"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. scabredo, fr. scaber rough.]

Defn: Roughness; ruggedness. [Obs.] Burton.

SCABROUS
Sca"brous, a. Etym: [L. scabrosus, fr. scaber rough: cf. F.
scabreux.]

1. Rough to the touch, like a file; having small raised dots, scales,
or points; scabby; scurfy; scaly. Arbuthnot.

2. Fig.: Harsh; unmusical. [R.]
His verse is scabrous and hobbling. Dryden.

SCABROUSNESS
Sca"brous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being scabrous.

SCABWORT
Scab"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Elecampane.

SCAD
Scad, n. Etym: [Gael. & ir. sgadan a herring.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A small carangoid fish (Trachurus saurus) abundant on the
European coast, and less common on the American. The name is applied
also to several allied species.
(b) The goggler; -- called also big-eyed scad. See Goggler.
(c) The friar skate. [Scot.]
(d) The cigar fish, or round robin.

SCAFFOLD
Scaf"fold, n. Etym: [OF. eschafault, eschafaut, escafaut, escadafaut,
F. échafaud; probably oiginally the same word as E. & F. catafalque,
It. catafafalco. See Catafalque.]

1. A temporary structure of timber, boards, etc., for various
purposes, as for supporting workmen and materials in building, for
exhibiting a spectacle upon, for holding the spectators at a show,
etc.
Pardon, gentles all, The flat, unraised spirits that have dared On
this unworthy scaffold to bring forth So great an object. Shak.

2. Specifically, a stage or elevated platform for the execution of a
criminal; as, to die on the scaffold.
That a scaffold of execution should grow a scaffold of coronation.
Sir P. Sidney.

3. (Metal.)

Defn: An accumulation of adherent, partly fused material forming a
shelf, or dome-shaped obstruction, above the tuyères in a blast
furnace.

SCAFFOLD
Scaf"fold, v. t.

Defn: To furnish or uphold with a scaffold.

SCAFFOLDAGE
Scaf"fold*age, n.

Defn: A scaffold. [R.] Shak.

SCAFFOLDING
Scaf"fold*ing, n.

1. A scaffold; a supporting framework; as, the scaffolding of the
body. Pope.

2. Materials for building scaffolds.

SCAGLIA
Scagl"ia, n. Etym: [It. scaglia a scale, a shell, a ship of marble.]

Defn: A reddish variety of limestone.

SCAGLIOLA
Scagl*io"la, n. Etym: [It. scagliuola, dim. of scaglia. See Scaglia.]

Defn: An imitation of any veined and ornamental stone, as marble,
formed by a substratum of finely ground gypsum mixed with glue, the
surface of which, while soft, is variegated with splinters of marble,
spar, granite, etc., and subsequently colored and polished.

SCALA
Sca"la, n.; pl. Scalæ. Etym: [L., a ladder.]

1. (Surg.)

Defn: A machine formerly employed for reducing dislocations of the
humerus.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A term applied to any one of the three canals of the cochlea.

SCALABLE
Scal"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being scaled.

SCALADE; SCALADO
Sca*lade", Sca*la"do, n. (Mil.)

Defn: See Escalade. Fairfax.

SCALAR
Sca"lar, n. (Math.)

Defn: In the quaternion analysis, a quantity that has magnitude, but
not direction; -- distinguished from a vector, which has both
magnitude and direction.

SCALARIA
Sca*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [L., flight of steps.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine gastropods of the genus
Scalaria, or family Scalaridæ, having elongated spiral turreted
shells, with rounded whorls, usually crossed by ribs or varices. The
color is generally white or pale. Called also ladder shell, and
wentletrap. See Ptenoglossa, and Wentletrap.

SCALARIFORM
Sca*lar"i*form, a. Etym: [L. scalare, scalaria, staircase, ladder + -
form: cf. F. scalariforme.]

1. Resembling a ladder in form or appearance; having transverse bars
or markings like the rounds of a ladder; as, the scalariform cells
and scalariform pits in some plants.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to a scalaria.

SCALARY
Sca"la*ry, a. Etym: [L. scalaris, fr. scale, pl. scala, staircase,
ladder.]

Defn: Resembling a ladder; formed with steps. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SCALAWAG
Scal"a*wag, n.

Defn: A scamp; a scapegrace. [Spelt also scallawag.] [Slang, U.S.]
Bartlett.

SCALD
Scald, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scaled; p. pr. & vb. n. Scalding.] Etym:
[OF. eschalder, eschauder, escauder, F. échauder, fr. L. excaldare;
ex + caldus, calidus, warm, hot. See Ex, and Calderon.]

1. To burn with hot liquid or steam; to pain or injure by contact
with, or imersion in, any hot fluid; as, to scald the hand.
Mine own tears Do scald like molten lead. Shak.
Here the blue flames of scalding brimstone fall. Cowley.

2. To expose to a boiling or violent heat over a fire, or in hot
water or other liquor; as, to scald milk or meat.

SCALD
Scald, n.

Defn: A burn, or injury to the skin or flesh, by some hot liquid, or
by steam.

SCALD
Scald, a. Etym: [For scalled. See Scall.]

1. Affected with the scab; scaby. Shak.

2. Scurry; paltry; as, scald rhymers. [Obs.] Shak. Scald crow
(Zoöl.), the hooded crow. [Ireland] -- Scald head (Med.), a name
popularly given to several diseases of the scalp characterized by
pustules (the dried discharge of which forms scales) and by falling
out of the hair.

SCALD
Scald, n.

Defn: Scurf on the head. See Scall. Spenser.

SCALD
Scald ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [Icel. skald.]

Defn: One of the ancient Scandinavian poets and historiographers; a
reciter and singer of heroic poems, etc., among the Norsemen; more
rarely, a bard of any of the ancient Teutonic tribes. [Written also
skald.]
A war song such as was of yore chanted on the field of battle by the
scalds of the yet heathen Saxons. Sir W. Scott.

SCALDER
Scald"er, n.

Defn: A Scandinavian poet; a scald.

SCALDFISH
Scald"fish`, n. Etym: [Scald, a. + fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European flounder (Arnoglosus laterna, or Psetta arnoglossa);
-- called also megrin, and smooth sole.

SCALDIC
Scald"ic ( or ), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the scalds of the Norsemen; as, scaldic
poetry.

SCALE
Scale, n. Etym: [AS. scale; perhaps influenced by the kindred Icel.
skal balance, dish, akin also to D. schaal a scale, bowl, shell, G.
schale, OHG. scala, Dan. skaal drinking cup, bowl, dish, and perh. to
E. scale of a fish. Cf. Scale of a fish, Skull the brain case.]

1. The dish of a balance; hence, the balance itself; an instrument or
machine for weighing; as, to turn the scale; -- chiefly used in the
plural when applied to the whole instrument or apparatus for
weighing. Also used figuratively.
Long time in even scale The battle hung. Milton.
The scales are turned; her kindness weighs no more Now than my vows.
Waller.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The sign or constellation Libra. Platform scale. See under
Platform. tip the scales, influence an action so as to change an
outcome from one likely result to another.

SCALE
Scale, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scaled; p. pr. & vb. n. Scaling.]

Defn: To weigh or measure according to a scale; to measure; also, to
grade or vary according to a scale or system.
Scaling his present bearing with his past. Shak.
To scale, or scale down, a debt, wages, etc., to reduce a debt, etc.,
according to a fixed ratio or scale. [U.S.]

SCALE
Scale, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. scealu, scalu, a shell, parings; akin to D.
schaal, G. schale, OHG. scala, Dan. & Sw. skal a shell, Dan. skiæl a
fish scale, Goth. skalja tile, and E. shale, shell, and perhaps also
to scale of a balance; butperhaps rather fr. OF. escale, escaile, F.
écaille scale of a fish, and écale shell of beans, pease, egs, nuts,
of German origin, and akin to Goth. skalja, G. schale. See Shale.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the small, thin, membranous, bony or horny pieces which
form the covering of many fishes and reptiles, and some mammals,
belonging to the dermal part of the skeleton, or dermoskeleton. See
Cycloid, Ctenoid, and Ganoid.
Fish that, with their fins and shining scales, Glide under the green
wave. Milton.

2. Hence, any layer or leaf of metal or other material, resembling in
size and thinness the scale of a fish; as, a scale of iron, of bone,
etc.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the small scalelike structures covering parts of some
invertebrates, as those on the wings of Lepidoptera and on the body
of Thysanura; the elytra of certain annelids. See Lepidoptera.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A scale insect. (See below.)

5. (Bot.)

Defn: A small appendage like a rudimentary leaf, resembling the
scales of a fish in form, and often in arrangement; as, the scale of
a bud, of a pine cone, and the like. The name is also given to the
chaff on the stems of ferns.

6. The thin metallic side plate of the handle of a pocketknife. See
Illust. of Pocketknife.

7. An incrustation deposit on the inside of a vessel in which water
is heated, as a steam boiler.

8. (Metal.)

Defn: The thin oxide which forms on the surface of iron forgings. It
consists esentially of the magnetic oxide, Fe3O4. Also, a similar
coating upon other metals. Covering scale (Zoöl.), a hydrophyllium.
 -- Ganoid scale (Zoöl.) See under Ganoid.
 -- Scale armor (Mil.), armor made of small metallic scales
overlapping, and fastened upon leather or cloth.
 -- Scale beetle (Zoöl.), the tiger beetle.
 -- Scale carp (Zoöl.), a carp having normal scales.
 -- Scale insect (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small
hemipterous insects belonging to the family Coccidæ, in which the
females, when adult, become more or less scalelike in form. They are
found upon the leaves and twigs of various trees and shrubs, and
often do great damage to fruit trees. See Orange scale,under Orange.
 -- Scale moss (Bot.), any leafy-stemmed moss of the order Hepaticæ;
-- so called from the small imbricated scalelike leaves of most of
the species. See Hepatica, 2, and Jungermannia.

SCALE
Scale, v. t.

1. To strip or clear of scale or scales; as, to scale a fish; to
scale the inside of a boiler.

2. To take off in thin layers or scales, as tartar from the teeth; to
pare off, as a surface. "If all the mountaines were scaled, and the
earth made even." T. Burnet.

3. To scatter; to spread. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

4. (Gun.)

Defn: To clean, as the inside of a cannon, by the explosion of a
small quantity of powder. Totten.

SCALE
Scale, v. i.

1. To separate and come off in thin layers or laminæ; as, some
sandstone scales by exposure.
Those that cast their shell are the lobster and crab; the old skins
are found, but the old shells never; so it is likely that they scale
off. Bacon.

2. To separate; to scatter. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

SCALE
Scale, n. Etym: [L. scalae, pl., scala staircase, ladder; akin to
scandere to climb. See Scan; cf. Escalade.]

1. A ladder; a series of steps; a means of ascending. [Obs.]

2. Hence, anything graduated, especially when employed as a measure
or rule, or marked by lines at regular intervals. Specifically:
(a) A mathematical instrument, consisting of a slip of wood, ivory,
or metal, with one or more sets of spaces graduated and numbered on
its surface, for measuring or laying off distances, etc., as in
drawing, plotting, and the like. See Gunter's scale.
(b) A series of spaces marked by lines, and representing
proportionately larger distances; as, a scale of miles, yards, feet,
etc., for a map or plan.
(c) A basis for a numeral system; as, the decimal scale; the binary
scale, etc.
(d) (Mus.) The graduated series of all the tones, ascending or
descending, from the keynote to its octave; -- called also the gamut.
It may be repeated through any number of octaves. See Chromatic
scale, Diatonic scale, Major scale, and Minor scale, under Chromatic,
Diatonic, Major, and Minor.

3. Gradation; succession of ascending and descending steps and
degrees; progressive series; scheme of comparative rank or order; as,
a scale of being.
There is a certain scale of duties . . . which for want of studying
in right order, all the world is in confusion. Milton.

4. Relative dimensions, without difference in proportion of parts;
size or degree of the parts or components in any complex thing,
compared with other like things; especially, the relative proportion
of the linear dimensions of the parts of a drawing, map, model, etc.,
to the dimensions of the corresponding parts of the object that is
represented; as, a map on a scale of an inch to a mile. Scale of
chords, a graduated scale on which are given the lengths of the
chords of arcs from 0º to 90º in a circle of given radius, -- used in
measuring given angles and in plotting angles of given numbers of
degrees.

SCALE
Scale, v. t. Etym: [Cf. It. scalare, fr. L. scale, scala. See Scale a
ladder.]

Defn: To climb by a ladder, or as if by a ladder; to ascend by steps
or by climbing; to clamber up; as, to scale the wall of a fort.
Oft have I scaled the craggy oak. Spenser.

SCALE
Scale, v. i.

Defn: To lead up by steps; to ascend. [Obs.]
Satan from hence, now on the lower stair, That scaled by steps of
gold to heaven-gate, Looks down with wonder. Milton.

SCALEBACK
Scale"back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine annelids of the family
Polynoidæ, and allies, which have two rows of scales, or elytra,
along the back. See Illust. under Chætopoda.

SCALEBEAM
Scale"beam`, n.

1. The lever or beam of a balance; the lever of a platform scale, to
which the poise for weighing is applied.

2. A weighing apparatus with a sliding weight, resembling a
steelyard.

SCALEBOARD
Scale"board` (; commonly , n. Etym: [3d scale + board.]

1. (Print.)

Defn: A thin slip of wood used to justify a page. [Obs.] Crabb.

2. A thin veneer of leaf of wood used for covering the surface of
articles of firniture, and the like. Scaleboard plane, a plane for
cutting from a board a wide shaving forming a scaleboard.

SCALED
Scaled, a.

1. Covered with scales, or scalelike structures; -- said of a fish, a
reptile, a moth, etc.

2. Without scales, or with the scales removed; as, scaled herring.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having feathers which in form, color, or arrangement somewhat
resemble scales; as, the scaled dove. Scaled dove (Zoöl.), any
American dove of the genus Scardafella. Its colored feather tips
resemble scales.

SCALELESS
Scale"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of scales.

SCALENE
Sca*lene", a. Etym: [L. scalenus, Gr. scalène.]

1. (Geom.)
(a) Having the sides and angles unequal; -- said of a triangle.
(b) Having the axis inclined to the base, as a cone.

2. (Anat.)
(a) Designating several triangular muscles called scalene muscles.
(b) Of or pertaining to the scalene muscles. Scalene muscles (Anat.),
a group of muscles, usually three on each side in man, extending from
the cervical vertebræ to the first and second ribs.

SCALENE
Sca*lene", n. (Geom.)

Defn: A triangle having its sides and angles unequal.

SCALENOHEDRAL
Sca*le`no*he"dral, a. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a scalenohedron.

SCALENOHEDRON
Sca*le`no*he"dron, n. Etym: [Gr. (Crystallog.)

Defn: A pyramidal form under the rhombohedral system, inclosed by
twelve faces, each a scalene triangle.

SCALER
Scal"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, scales; specifically, a dentist's
instrument for removing tartar from the teeth.

SCALE-WINGED
Scale"-winged`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the wings covered with small scalelike structures, as
the lepidoptera; scaly-winged.

SCALINESS
Scal"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being scaly; roughness.

SCALING
Scal"ing, a.

1. Adapted for removing scales, as from a fish; as, a scaling knife;
adapted for removing scale, as from the interior of a steam boiler;
as, a scaling hammer, bar, etc.

2. Serving as an aid in clambering; as, a scaling ladder, used in
assaulting a fortified place.

SCALIOLA
Scal*io"la, n.

Defn: Same as Scagliola.

SCALL
Scall, n. Etym: [Icel. skalli a bald head. Cf. Scald, a.]

Defn: A scurf or scabby disease, especially of the scalp.
It is a dry scall, even a leprosy upon the head. Lev. xiii. 30.

SCALL
Scall, a.

Defn: Scabby; scurfy. [Obs.] Shak.

SCALLED
Scalled, a.

Defn: Scabby; scurfy; scall. [Obs.] "With scalled brows black."
Chaucer. Scalled head. (Med.) See Scald head, under Scald, a.

SCALLION
Scal"lion, n. Etym: [OF. escalone, escaloingne, L. caepa Ascalonius
of Ascalon, fr. Ascalo Ascalon, a town in Palestine. Cf. Shallot.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of small onion (Allium Ascalonicum), native of
Palestine; the eschalot, or shallot.

2. Any onion which does not "bottom out," but remains with a thick
stem like a leek. Amer. Cyc.

SCALLOP
Scal"lop, n. Etym: [OF. escalope a shell, probably of German or Dutch
origin, and akin to E. scale of a fish; cf. D. schelp shell. See
Scale of a fish, and cf. Escalop.] [Written also scollop.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine bivalve mollusks of the
genus Pecten and allied genera of the family Pectinidæ. The shell is
usually radially ribbed, and the edge is therefore often undulated in
a characteristic manner. The large adductor muscle of some the
species is much used as food. One species (Vola Jacobæus) occurs on
the coast of Palestine, and its shell was formerly worn by pilgrims
as a mark that they had been to the Holy Land. Called also fan shell.
See Pecten, 2.

Note: The common edible scallop of the Eastern United States is
Pecten irradians; the large sea scallop, also used as food, is P.
Clontonius, or tenuicostastus.

2. One of series of segments of circles joined at their extremities,
forming a border like the edge or surface of a scallop shell.

3. One of the shells of a scallop; also, a dish resembling a scallop
shell.

SCALLOP
Scal"lop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scalloped; p. pr. & vb. n. Scalloping.]

1. To mark or cut the edge or border of into segments of circles,
like the edge or surface of a scallop shell. See Scallop, n., 2.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: To bake in scallop shells or dishes; to prepare with crumbs of
bread or cracker, and bake. See Scalloped oysters, below.

SCALLOPED
Scal"loped, a.

1. Furnished with a scallop; made or done with or in a scallop.

2. Having the edge or border cut or marked with segments of circles.
See Scallop, n., 2.

3. (Cookery)

Defn: Baked in a scallop; cooked with crumbs. Scalloped oysters
(Cookery), opened oysters baked in a deep dish with alternate layers
of bread or cracker crumbs, seasoned with pepper, nutmeg, and butter.
This was at first done in scallop shells.

SCALLOPER
Scal"lop*er, n.

Defn: One who fishes for scallops.

SCALLOPING
Scal"lop*ing, n.

Defn: Fishing for scallops.

SCALP
Scalp, n. Etym: [Cf. Scallop.]

Defn: A bed of oysters or mussels. [Scot.]

SCALP
Scalp, n. Etym: [Perhaps akin to D. schelp shell. Cf. Scallop.]

1. That part of the integument of the head which is usually covered
with hair.
By the bare scalp of Robin Hodd's fat friar, This fellow were a king
for our wild faction! Shak.

2. A part of the skin of the head, with the hair attached, cut or
torn off from an enemy by the Indian warriors of North America, as a
token of victory.

3. Fig.: The top; the summit. Macaulay. Scalp lock, a long tuft of
hair left on the crown of the head by the warriors of some tribes of
American Indians.

SCALP
Scalp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scalped; p. pr. & vb. n. Scalping.]

1. To deprive of the scalp; to cut or tear the scalp from the head
of.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: To remove the skin of.
We must scalp the whole lid [of the eye]. J. S. Wells.

3. (Milling.)

Defn: To brush the hairs of fuzz from, as wheat grains, in the
process of high milling. Knight.

SCALP
Scalp, v. i.

Defn: To make a small, quick profit by slight fluctuations of the
market; -- said of brokers who operate in this way on their own
account. [Cant]

SCALPEL
Scal"pel, n. Etym: [L scalpellum, dim. of scalprum a knife, akin to
scalpere to cut, carve, scrape: cf. F. scalpel.] (Surg.)

Defn: A small knife with a thin, keen blade, -- used by surgeons, and
in dissecting.

SCALPER
Scalper, n.

1. One who, or that which, scalps.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: Same as Scalping iron, under Scalping.

3. A broker who, dealing on his own account, tries to get a small and
quick profit from slight fluctuations of the market. [Cant]

4. A person who buys and sells the unused parts of railroad tickets.
[Cant]

SCALPING
Scalp"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Scalp. Scalping iron (Surg.), an instrument used
in scraping foul and carious bones; a raspatory.
 -- Scalping knife, a knife used by north American Indians in
scalping.

SCALPRIFORM
Scal"pri*form, a. Etym: [L. scalprum chisel, knife + -form.] (Anat.)

Defn: Shaped like a chisel; as, the scalpriform incisors of rodents.

SCALY
Scal"y, a.

1. Covered or abounding with scales; as, a scaly fish. "Scaly
crocodile." Milton.

2. Resembling scales, laminæ, or layers.

3. Mean; low; as, a scaly fellow. [Low]

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Composed of scales lying over each other; as, a scaly bulb;
covered with scales; as, a scaly stem. Scaly ant-eater (Zoöl.), the
pangolin.

SCALY-WINGED
Scal"y-winged`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Scale-winged.

SCAMBLE
Scam"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scambled; p. pr. & vb. n. Scambling.]
Etym: [Cf. OD. schampelen to deviate, to slip, schampen to go away,
escape, slip, and E. scamper, shamble.]

1. To move awkwardly; to be shuffling, irregular, or unsteady; to
sprawl; to shamble. "Some scambling shifts." Dr. H. More. "A fine old
hall, but a scambling house." Evelyn.

2. To move about pushing and jostling; to be rude and turbulent; to
scramble. "The scambling and unquiet time did push it out of . . .
question." Shak.

SCAMBLE
Scam"ble, v. t.

Defn: To mangle. [Obs.] Mortimer.

SCAMBLER
Scam"bler, n.

Defn: 1. One who scambles.

2. A bold intruder upon the hospitality of others; a mealtime
visitor. [Scot.]

SCAMBLINGLY
Scam"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scambling manner; with turbulence and noise; with bold
intrusiveness.

SCAMELL; SCAMMEL
Scam"ell, or; Scam"mel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The female bar-tailed godwit. [Prov. Eng.]

Note: Whether this is the scamel mentioned by Shakespeare ["Tempest,"
ii. 2] is not known.

SCAMILLUS
Sca*mil"lus, n.; pl. Scamilli. Etym: [L., originally, a little bench,
dim. of scamnum bench, stool.] (Arch.)

Defn: A sort of second plinth or block, below the bases of Ionic and
Corinthian columns, generally without moldings, and of smaller size
horizontally than the pedestal.

SCAMMONIATE
Scam*mo"ni*ate, a.

Defn: Made from scammony; as, a scammoniate aperient.

SCAMMONY
Scam"mo*ny, n. Etym: [F. scammonée, L. scammonia, scammonea, Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of bindweed or Convolvulus (C. Scammonia).

2. An inspissated sap obtained from the rot of the Convolvulus
Scammonia, of a blackish gray color, a nauseous smell like that of
old cheese, and a somewhat acrid taste. It is used in medicine as a
cathartic.

SCAMP
Scamp, n. Etym: [OF. escamper to run away, to make one's escape.
originally, one who runs away, a fugitive, a vagabond. See Scamper.]

Defn: A rascal; a swindler; a rogue. De Quincey.

SCAMP
Scamp, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Scamp,n., or Scant, a., and Skimp.]

Defn: To perform in a hasty, neglectful, or imperfect manner; to do
superficially. [Colloq.]
A workman is said to scamp his work when he does it in a superficial,
dishonest manner. Wedgwood.
Much of the scamping and dawdling complained of is that of men in
establishments of good repute. T. Hughes.

SCAMPAVIA
Scam`pa*vi"a, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A long, low war galley used by the Neapolitans and Sicilians in
the early part of the nineteenth century.

SCAMPER
Scam"per, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scampered; p. pr. & vb. n. Scampering.]
Etym: [OF. escamper to escape, to save one's self; L. ex from +
campus the field (sc. of battle). See Camp, and cf. Decamp, Scamp,
n., Shamble, v. t.]

Defn: To run with speed; to run or move in a quick, hurried manner;
to hasten away. Macaulay.
The lady, however, . . . could not help scampering about the room
after a mouse. S. Sharpe.

SCAMPER
Scam"per, n.

Defn: A scampering; a hasty flight.

SCAMPERER
Scam"per*er, n.

Defn: One who scampers. Tyndell.

SCAMPISH
Scamp"ish, a.

Defn: Of or like a scamp; knavish; as, scampish conduct.

SCAN
Scan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scanned; p. pr. & vb. n. Scanning.] Etym:
[L. scandere, scansum, to climb, to scan, akin to Skr. skand to
spring, leap: cf. F. scander. Cf. Ascend, Descend, Scale a ladder.]

1. To mount by steps; to go through with step by step. [Obs.]
Nor stayed till she the highest stage had scand. Spenser.

2. Specifically (Pros.), to go through with, as a verse, marking and
distinguishing the feet of which it is composed; to show, in reading,
the metrical structure of; to recite metrically.

3. To go over and examine point by point; to examine with care; to
look closely at or into; to scrutinize.
The actions of men in high stations are all conspicuous, and liable
to be scanned and sifted. Atterbury.

SCANDAL
Scan"dal, n. Etym: [F. scandale, fr. L. scandalum, Gr. scandle, OF.
escandle. See Slander.]

1. Offense caused or experienced; reproach or reprobation called
forth by what is regarded as wrong, criminal, heinous, or flagrant:
opprobrium or disgrace.
O, what a scandal is it to our crown, That two such noble peers as ye
should jar! Shak.
[I] have brought scandal To Israel, diffidence of God, and doubt In
feeble hearts. Milton.

2. Reproachful aspersion; opprobrious censure; defamatory talk,
uttered heedlessly or maliciously.
You must not put another scandal on him. Shak.
My known virtue is from scandal free. Dryden.

3. (Equity)

Defn: Anything alleged in pleading which is impertinent, and is
reproachful to any person, or which derogates from the dignity of the
court, or is contrary to good manners. Daniell.

Syn.
 -- Defamation; detraction; slander; calumny; opprobrium; reproach;
shame; disgrace.

SCANDAL
Scan"dal, v. t.

1. To treat opprobriously; to defame; to asperse; to traduce; to
slander. [R.]
I do faws on men and hug them hard And after scandal them. Shak.

2. To scandalize; to offend. [Obs.] Bp. Story.

Syn.
 -- To defame; traduce; reproach; slander; calumniate; asperse;
vilify; disgarce.

SCANDALIZE
Scan"dal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scandalized (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Scandalizing (.] Etym: [F. scandaliser, L. scandalizare, from Gr.
skandali`zein.]

1. To offend the feelings of the conscience of (a person) by some
action which is considered immoral or criminal; to bring shame,
disgrace, or reproach upon.
I demand who they are whom we scandalize by using harmless things.
Hooker.
the congregation looked on in silence, the better class scandalized,
and the lower orders, some laughing, others backing the soldier or
the minister, as their fancy dictated. Sir W. Scott.

2. To reproach; to libel; to defame; to slander.
To tell his tale might be interpreted into scandalizing the order.
Sir W. Scott.

SCANDALOUS
Scan"dal*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. scandaleux.]

1. Giving offense to the conscience or moral feelings; exciting
reprobation; calling out condemnation.
Nothing scandalous or offensive unto any. Hooker.

2. Disgraceful to reputation; bringing shame or infamy; opprobrious;
as, a scandalous crime or vice.

3. Defamatory; libelous; as, a scandalous story.

SCANDALOUSLY
Scan"dal*ous*ly, adv.

1. In a manner to give offense; shamefully.
His discourse at table was scandalously unbecoming the digmity of his
station. Swift.

2. With a disposition to impute immorality or wrong.
Shun their fault, who, scandalously nice, Will needs mistake an
author into vice. Pope.

SCANDALOUSNESS
Scan"dal*ous*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being scandalous.

SCANDALUM MAGNATUM
Scan"da*lum mag*na"tum`. Etym: [L., scandal of magnates.] (Law)

Defn: A defamatory speech or writing published to the injury of a
person of dignity; -- usually abbreviated scan. mag.

SCANDENT
Scan"dent, a. Etym: [L. scandens, -entis, p.pr. of scandere to
climb.]

Defn: Climbing.

Note: Scandent plants may climb either by twining, as the hop, or by
twisted leafstalks, as the clematis, or by tendrils, as the passion
flower, or by rootlets, as the ivy.

SCANDIA
Scan"di*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Scandium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A chemical earth, the oxide of scandium.

SCANDIC
Scan"dic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to scandium; derived from, or containing,
scandium.

SCANDINAVIAN
Scan`di*na"vi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Scandinavia, that is, Sweden, Norway, and
Denmark.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Scandinavia.

SCANDIUM
Scan"di*um, n. Etym: [NL. So called because found in Scandinavian
minerals] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element of the boron group, whose existence was
predicated under the provisional name ekaboron by means of the
periodic law, and subsequently discovered by spectrum analysis in
certain rare Scandinavian minerals (euxenite and gadolinite). It has
not yet been isolated. Symbol Sc. Atomic weight 44

SCANSION
Scan"sion, n. Etym: [L. scansio, fr. scandere, scansum, to climb. See
Scan.] (Pros.)

Defn: The act of scanning; distinguishing the metrical feet of a
verse by emphasis, pauses, or otherwise.

SCANSORES
Scan*so"res, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. scandere, scansum, to climb.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An artifical group of birds formerly regarded as an order. They
are distributed among several orders by modern ornithologists.

Note: The toes are in pairs, two before and two behind, by which they
are enabled to cling to, and climb upon, trees, as the woodpeckers,
parrots, cuckoos, and trogons. See Illust. under Aves.

SCANSORIAL
Scan*so"ri*al, a. (Zoöl.)
(a) Capable of climbing; as, the woodpecker is a scansorial bird;
adapted for climbing; as, the scansorial foot.
(b) Of or pertaining to the Scansores. See Illust. under Aves.
Scansorial tail (Zoöl.), a tail in which the feathers are stiff and
sharp at the tip, as in the woodpeckers.

SCANT
Scant, a. [Compar. Scanter; superl. Scantest.] Etym: [Icel. skamt,
neuter of skamr, skammr, short; cf. skamta to dole out, to portion.]

1. Not full, large, or plentiful; scarcely sufficient; less than is
wanted for the purpose; scanty; meager; not enough; as, a scant
allowance of provisions or water; a scant pattern of cloth for a
garment.
His sermon was scant, in all, a quarter of an hour. Ridley.

2. Sparing; parsimonious; chary.
Be somewhat scanter of your maiden presence. Shak.

Syn.
 -- See under Scanty.

SCANT
Scant, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Scanting.]

1. To limit; to straiten; to treat illiberally; to stint; as, to
scant one in provisions; to scant ourselves in the use of
necessaries.
Where man hath a great living laid together and where he is scanted.
Bacon.
I am scanted in the pleasure of dwelling on your actions. Dryden.

2. To cut short; to make small, narrow, or scanty; to curtail. "Scant
not my cups." Shak.

SCANT
Scant, v. i.

Defn: To fail, of become less; to scantle; as, the wind scants.

SCANT
Scant, adv.

Defn: In a scant manner; with difficulty; scarcely; hardly. [Obs.]
Bacon.
So weak that he was scant able to go down the stairs. Fuller.

SCANT
Scant, n.

Defn: Scantness; scarcity. [R.] T. Carew.

SCANTILY
Scant"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scanty manner; not fully; not plentifully; sparingly;
parsimoniously.
His mind was very scantily stored with materials. Macaulay.

SCANTINESS
Scant"i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality condition of being scanty.

SCANTLE
Scan"tle, v. i. Etym: [Dim. of scant, v.]

Defn: To be deficient; to fail. [Obs.] Drayton.

SCANTLE
Scan"tle, v. t. Etym: [OF. escanteler, eschanteler, to break into
contles; pref. es- (L. ex) + cantel, chantel, corner, side, piece.
Confused with E. scant. See Cantle.]

Defn: To scant; to be niggard of; to divide into small pieces; to cut
short or down. [Obs.]
All their pay Must your discretion scantle; keep it back. J. Webster.

SCANTLET
Scant"let, n. Etym: [OF. eschantelet corner.]

Defn: A small pattern; a small quantity. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

SCANTLING
Scant"ling, a. Etym: [See Scant, a.]

Defn: Not plentiful; small; scanty. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

SCANTLING
Scant"ling, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. eschantillon, F. échantillon, a sample,
pattern, example. In some senses confused with scant insufficient.
See Scantle, v. t.]

1. A fragment; a bit; a little piece. Specifically:
(a) A piece or quantity cut for a special purpose; a sample. [Obs.]
Such as exceed not this scantling; -- to be solace to the sovereign
and harmless to the people. Bacon.
A pretty scantling of his knowledge may taken by his deferring to be
baptized so many years. Milton.

(b) A small quantity; a little bit; not much. [Obs.]
Reducing them to narrow scantlings. Jer. Taylor.

2. A piece of timber sawed or cut of a small size, as for studs,
rails, etc.

3. The dimensions of a piece of timber with regard to its breadth and
thickness; hence, the measure or dimensions of anything.

4. A rough draught; a rude sketch or outline.

5. A frame for casks to lie upon; a trestle. Knight.

SCANTLY
Scant"ly, adv.

1. In a scant manner; not fully or sufficiently; narrowly;
penuriously. Dryden.

2. Scarcely; hardly; barely.
Scantly they durst their feeble eyes dispread Upon that town.
Fairfax.
We hold a tourney here to-morrow morn, And there is scantly time for
half the work. Tennyson.

SCANTNESS
Scant"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being scant; narrowness; smallness;
insufficiency; scantiness. "Scantness of outward things." Barrow.

SCANTY
Scant"y, a. [Compar. Scantier; superl. Scantiest.] Etym: [From Scant,
a.]

1. Wanting amplitude or extent; narrow; small; not abundant.
his dominions were very narrow and scanty. Locke.
Now scantier limits the proud arch confine. Pope.

2. Somewhat less than is needed; insufficient; scant; as, a scanty
supply of words; a scanty supply of bread.

3. Sparing; niggardly; parsimonius.
In illustrating a point of difficulty, be not too scanty of words. I.
Watts.

Syn.
 -- Scant; narrow; small; poor; deficient; meager; scarce; chary;
sparing; parsimonious; penurious; niggardly; grudging.

SCAPE
Scape, n. Etym: [L. scapus shaft, stem, stalk; cf. Gr. scape. Cf.
Scepter.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A peduncle rising from the ground or from a subterranean stem,
as in the stemless violets, the bloodroot, and the like.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The long basal joint of the antennæ of an insect.

3. (Arch.)
(a) The shaft of a column.
(b) The apophyge of a shaft.

SCAPE
Scape, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Scaped; p. pr. & vb. n. Scaping.]
Etym: [Aphetic form of escape.]

Defn: To escape. [Obs. or Poetic.] Milton.
Out of this prison help that we may scape. Chaucer.

SCAPE
Scape, n.

1. An escape. [Obs.]
I spake of most disastrous chances, . . . Of hairbreadth scapes in
the imminent, deadly breach. Shak.

2. Means of escape; evasion. [Obs.] Donne.

3. A freak; a slip; a fault; an escapade. [Obs.]
Not pardoning so much as the scapes of error and ignorance. Milton.

4. Loose act of vice or lewdness. [Obs.] Shak.

SCAPEGALLOWS
Scape"gal`lows, n.

Defn: One who has narrowly escaped the gallows for his crimes.
[Colloq.] Dickens.

SCAPEGOAT
Scape"goat`, n. Etym: [Scape (for escape) + goat.]

1. (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: A goat upon whose head were symbolically placed the sins of the
people, after which he was suffered to escape into the wilderness.
Lev. xvi. 10.

2. Hence, a person or thing that is made to bear blame for others.
Tennyson.

SCAPEGRACE
Scape"grace`, n.

Defn: A graceless, unprincipled person; one who is wild and reckless.
Beaconsfield.

SCAPELESS
Scape"less, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of a scape.

SCAPEMENT
Scape"ment, n. Etym: [See Scape, v., Escapement.]

Defn: Same as Escapement, 3.

SCAPE-WHEEL
Scape"-wheel`, n. (Horol.)

Defn: the wheel in an escapement (as of a clock or a watch) into the
teeth of which the pallets play.

SCAPHANDER
Sca*phan"der, n. Etym: [Gr. scaphandre.]

Defn: The case, or impermeable apparel, in which a diver can work
while under water.

SCAPHISM
Scaph"ism, n. Etym: [Gr. ska`fh a trough.]

Defn: An ancient mode of punishing criminals among the Persians, by
confining the victim in a trough, with his head and limbs smeared
with honey or the like, and exposed to the sun and to insects until
he died.

SCAPHITE
Scaph"ite, n. Etym: [L. scapha a boat, fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: Any fossil cephalopod shell of the genus Scaphites, belonging
to the Ammonite family and having a chambered boat-shaped shell.
Scaphites are found in the Cretaceous formation.

SCAPHOCEPHALIC
Scaph`o*ce*phal"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or affected with, scaphocephaly.

SCAPHOCEPHALY
Scaph`o*ceph"a*ly, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A deformed condition of the skull, in which the vault is
narrow, clongated, and more or less boat-shaped.

SCAPHOCERITE
Scaph`o*ce"rite, n. Etym: [Gr. cerite.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flattened plate or scale attached to the second joint of the
antennæ of many Crustacea.

SCAPHOGNATHITE
Sca*phog"na*thite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A thin leafike appendage (the exopodite) of the second maxilla
of decapod crustaceans. It serves as a pumping organ to draw the
water through the gill cavity.

SCAPHOID
Scaph"oid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid: cf. F. scaphoïde.] (Anat.)

Defn: Resembling a boat in form; boat-shaped.
 -- n.

Defn: The scaphoid bone. Scaphoid bone (a) One of the carpal bones,
which articulates with the radius; the radiale. (b) One of the tarsal
bones; the navicular bone. See under Navicular.

SCAPHOLUNAR
Scaph`o*lu"nar, a. Etym: [Scaphoid + lunar.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the scaphoid and lunar bones of the carpus.
 -- n.

Defn: The scapholunar bone. Scapholunar bone, a bone formed by the
coalescence of the scaphoid and lunar in the carpus of carnivora.

SCAPHOPODA
Sca*phop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of marine cephalate Mollusca having a tubular shell
open at both ends, a pointed or spadelike foot for burrowing, and
many long, slender, prehensile oral tentacles. It includes Dentalium,
or the tooth shells, and other similar shells. Called also
Prosopocephala, and Solenoconcha.

SCAPIFORM
Sca"pi*form, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling scape, or flower stm.

SCAPOLITE
Scap"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. scapus a stem, sta-lite: cf. F.
scapolite.] (Mon.)

Defn: A grayish white mineral occuring in tetragonal crystals and in
cleavable masses. It is esentially a silicate of aluminia and soda.

Note: The scapolite group includes scapolite proper, or wernerite,
also meionite, dipyre, etc.

SCAPPLE
Scap"ple, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. eskaper, eschapler, to cut, hew, LL.
scapellare. Cf. Scabble.]
(a) To work roughly, or shape without finishing, as stone before
leaving the quarry.
(b) To dress in any way short of fine tooling or rubbing, as stone.
Gwilt.

SCAPULA
Scap"u*la, n.; pl. L. Scapulæ, E. Scapuolas. Etym: [L.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The principal bone of the shoulder girdle in mammals; the
shoulder blade.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the plates from which the arms of a crinoid arise.

SCAPULAR
Scap"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. scapulaire. Cf. Scapulary.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the scapula or the shoulder Scapular arch
(Anat.), the pectoral arch. See under pectoral.
 -- Scapular region, or Scapular tract (Zoöl.), a definite
longitudinal area over the shoulder and along each side of the back
of a bird, from which the scapular feathers arise.

SCAPULAR
Scap"u*lar, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a special group of feathers which arise from each of the
scapular regions and lie along the sides of the back.

SCAPULAR; SCAPULARY
Scap"u*lar, Scap"u*la*ry, n. Etym: [F. scapulaire, LL. scapularium,
scapulare, fr. L.scapula shoulder blade.]

1. (R.C.Ch.)
(a) A loose sleeveless vestment falling in front and behind, worn by
certain religious orders and devout persons.
(b) The name given to two pieces of cloth worn under the ordinary
garb and over the shoulders as an act of devotion. Addis & Arnold.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: A bandage passing over the shoulder to support it, or to retain
another bandage in place.

SCAPULARY
Scap"u*la*ry, a.

Defn: Same as Scapular, a.

SCAPULARY
Scap"u*la*ry, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as 2d and 3d Scapular.

SCAPULET
Scap"u*let, n. Etym: [Dim. of scapula.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A secondary mouth fold developed at the base of each of the
armlike lobes of the manubrium of many rhizostome medusæ. See
Illustration in Appendix.

SCAPULO-
Scap"u*lo- (.

Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with,
or relation to, the scapula or the shoulder; as, the scapulo-
clavicular articulation, the articulation between the scapula and
clavicle.

SCAPUS
Sca"pus, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See 1st Scape.

SCAR
Scar, n. Etym: [OF. escare, F. eschare an eschar, a dry slough (cf.
It. & Sp. escara), L. eschara, fr. Gr. Eschar.]

1. A mark in the skin or flesh of an animal, made by a wound or
ulcer, and remaining after the wound or ulcer is healed; a cicatrix;
a mark left by a previous injury; a blemish; a disfigurement.
This earth had the beauty of youth, . . . and not a wrinkle, scar, or
fracture on all its body. T. Burnet.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A mark left upon a stem or branch by the fall of a leaf,
leaflet, or frond, or upon a seed by the separation of its support.
See Illust. under Axillary.

SCAR
Scar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scarred; p. pr. & vb. n. Scarring.]

Defn: To mark with a scar or scars.
Yet I'll not shed her blood; Nor scar that whiter skin of hers than
snow. Shak.
His cheeks were deeply scarred. Macaulay.

SCAR
Scar, v. i.

Defn: To form a scar.

SCAR
Scar, n. Etym: [Scot. scar, scaur, Icel. sker a skerry, an isolated
rock in the sea; akin to Dan. skiær, Sw. skär. Cf. Skerry.]

Defn: An isolated or protruding rock; a steep, rocky eminence; a bare
place on the side of a mountain or steep bank of earth. [Written also
scaur.]
O sweet and far, from cliff and scar, The horns of Elfland faintly
blowing. Tennyson.

SCAR
Scar, n. Etym: [L. scarus, a kind of fish, Gr. ska`ros.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine food fish, the scarus, or parrot fish.

SCARAB; SCARABEE
Scar"ab, Scar"a*bee, n. Etym: [L. scarabeus; cf. F. scarabée.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of lamellicorn beetles of the genus
Scarabæus, or family Scarabæidæ, especially the sacred, or Egyptian,
species (Scarabæus sacer, and S. Egyptiorum).

SCARABAEUS
Scar`a*bæ"us, n. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Scarab.

SCARABOID
Scar"a*boid, a. Etym: [Scarab + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the family Scarabæidæ, an extensive group
which includes the Egyptian scarab, the tumbleding, and many similar
lamellicorn beetles.

SCARABOID
Scar"a*boid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A scaraboid beetle.

SCARAMOUCH
Scar"a*mouch`, n. Etym: [F. scaramouche, It.scaramuccio, scaramuccia,
originally the name of a celebrated Italian comedian; cf. It.
scaramuccia, scaramuccio, F. escarmouche, skirmish. Cf. Skirmish.]

Defn: A personage in the old Italian comedy (derived from Spain)
characterized by great boastfulness and poltroonery; hence, a person
of like characteristics; a buffoon.

SCARCE
Scarce, a. [Compar. Scarcer; superl. Scarcest.] Etym: [OE. scars, OF.
escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere
to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) +
carpere. See Carpet, and cf. Excerp.]

1. Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the
demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon.
You tell him silver is scarcer now in England, and therefore risen
one fifth in value. Locke.
The scarcest of all is a Pescennius Niger on a medallion well
preserved. Addison.

2. Scantily supplied (with); deficient (in); -- with of. [Obs.] "A
region scarce of prey." Milton.

3. Sparing; frugal; parsimonious; stingy. [Obs.] "Too scarce ne too
sparing." Chaucer. To make one's self scarce, to decamp; to depart.
[Slang]

Syn.
 -- Rare; infrequent; deficient. See Rare.

SCARCE; SCARCELY
Scarce, Scarce"ly, adv.

1. With difficulty; hardly; scantly; barely; but just.
With a scarce well-lighted flame. Milton.
The eldest scarcely five year was of age. Chaucer.
Slowly she sails, and scarcely stems the tides. Dryden.
He had scarcely finished, when the laborer arrived who had been sent
for my ransom. W. Irwing.

2. Frugally; penuriously. [Obs.] haucer.

SCARCEMENT
Scarce"ment, n. (Arch. & Engin.)

Defn: An offset where a wall or bank of earth, etc., retreats,
leaving a shelf or footing.

SCARCENESS; SCARCITY
Scarce"ness, Scar"ci*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being scarce; smallness of quantity
in proportion to the wants or demands; deficiency; lack of plenty;
short supply; penury; as, a scarcity of grain; a great scarcity of
beauties. Chaucer.
A scarcity of snow would raise a mutiny at Naples. Addison.
Praise . . . owes its value to its scarcity. Rambler.
The value of an advantage is enhanced by its scarceness. Collier.

Syn.
 -- Deficiency; lack; want; penury; dearth; rareness; rarity;
infrequency.

SCARD
Scard, n.

Defn: A shard or fragment. [Obs.]

SCARE
Scare, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scared; p. pr. & vb. n. Scaring.] Etym:
[OE. skerren, skeren, Icel. skirra to bar, prevent, skirrask to shun
, shrink from; or fr. OE. skerre, adj., scared, Icel. skjarr; both
perhaps akin to E. sheer to turn.]

Defn: To frighten; to strike with sudden fear; to alarm.
The noise of thy crossbow Will scare the herd, and so my shoot is
lost. Shak.
To scare away, to drive away by frightening.
 -- To scare up, to find by search, as if by beating for game.
[Slang]

Syn.
 -- To alarm; frighten; startle; affright; terrify.

SCARE
Scare, n.

Defn: Fright; esp., sudden fright produced by a trifling cause, or
originating in mistake. [Colloq.]

SCARECROW
Scare"crow`, n.

1. Anything set up to frighten crows or other birds from cornfields;
hence, anything terifying without danger.
A scarecrow set to frighten fools away. Dryden.

2. A person clad in rags and tatters.
No eye hath seen such scarecrows. I'll not march with them through
Coventry, that's flat. Shak.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The black tern. [Prov. Eng.]

SCAREFIRE
Scare"fire`, n.

1. An alarm of fire. [Obs.]

2. A fire causing alarm. [Obs.] Fuller.

SCARF
Scarf, n. Etym: [Icel. skarfr.]

Defn: A cormorant. [Scot.]

SCARF
Scarf, n.; pl. Scarfs, rarely Scarves. Etym: [Cf. OF. escharpe a
piligrim's scrip, or wallet (handing about the neck.), F. écharpe
sash, scarf; probably from OHG. scharpe pocket; also (from the
French) Dan. skiærf; Sw. skärp, Prov. G. schärfe, LG. scherf, G.
schärpe; and also AS. scearf a fragment; possibly akin to E. scrip a
wallet. Cf. Scarp a scarf.]

Defn: An article of dress of a light and decorative character, worn
loosely over the shoulders or about the neck or the waist; a light
shawl or handkerchief for the neck; also, a cravat; a neckcloth.
Put on your hood and scarf. Swift.
With care about the banners, scarves, and staves. R. Browning.

SCARF
Scarf, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scarfed; p. pr. & vb. n. Scarfing.]

1. To throw on loosely; to put on like a scarf. "My sea-gown scarfed
about me." Shak.

2. To dress with a scarf, or as with a scarf; to cover with a loose
wrapping. Shak.

SCARF
Scarf, v. t. Etym: [Sw. skarfva to eke out, to join together, skarf a
seam, joint; cf. Dan. skarre to joint, to unite timber, Icel. skara
to clinich the planks of a boat, G. scharben to chop, to cut small.]
(a) To form a scarf on the end or edge of, as for a joint in timber,
metal rods, etc.
(b) To unite, as two pieces of timber or metal, by a scarf joint.

SCARF
Scarf, n.
(a) In a piece which is to be united to another by a scarf joint, the
part of the end or edge that is tapered off, rabbeted, or notched so
as to be thinner than the rest of the piece.
(b) A scarf joint. Scarf joint (a) A joint made by overlapping and
bolting or locking together the ends of two pieces of timber that are
halved, notched, or cut away so that they will fit each other and
form a lengthened beam of the same size at the junction as elsewhere.
(b) A joint formed by welding, riveting, or brazing together the
overlapping scarfed ends, or edges, of metal rods, sheets, etc.
 -- Scarf weld. See under Weld.

SCARFSKIN
Scarf"skin`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: See Epidermis.

SCARIFICATION
Scar`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. scarificatio: cf. F. scarification.]

Defn: The act of scarifying.

SCARIFICATOR
Scar"i*fi*ca`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. scarificateur.] (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument, principally used in cupping, containing several
lancets moved simultaneously by a spring, for making slight
incisions.

SCARIFIER
Scar"i*fi`er, n.

1. One who scarifies.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: The instrument used for scarifying.

3. (Agric.)

Defn: An implement for stripping and loosening the soil, without
bringing up a fresh surface.
You have your scarifiers to make the ground clean. Southey.

SCARIFY
Scar"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scarified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Scarifying.] Etym: [F. scarifier, L. scarificare, scarifare, fr. Gr.

1. To scratch or cut the skin of; esp. (Med.), to make small
incisions in, by means of a lancet or scarificator, so as to draw
blood from the smaller vessels without opening a large vein.

2. (Agric.)

Defn: To stir the surface soil of, as a field.

SCARIOSE; SCARIOUS
Sca"ri*ose, Sca"ri*ous, a. Etym: [F. scarieux, NL. scariosus. Cf.
Scary.] (Bot.)

Defn: Thin, dry, membranous, and not green. Gray.

SCARLATINA
Scar`la*ti"na, n. Etym: [NL.: cf. F. scarlatine. See Scarlet.] (Med.)

Defn: Scarlet fever.
 -- Scar`la*ti"nal, a.
 -- Scar*lat"i*nous (# or #), a.

SCARLESS
Scar"less, a.

Defn: Free from scar. Drummond.

SCARLET
Scar"let, n. Etym: [OE. scarlat, scarlet, OF. escarlate, F. écarlate
(cf. Pr. escarlat, escarlata, Sp. & Pg. escarlata, It. scarlatto, LL.
scarlatum), from Per. sakirlat.]

Defn: A deep bright red tinged with orange or yellow, -- of many
tints and shades; a vivid or bright red color.

2. Cloth of a scarlet color.
All her household are clothed with scarlet. Prov. xxxi. 21.

SCARLET
Scar"let, a.

Defn: Of the color called scarlet; as, a scarlet cloth or thread.
Scarlet admiral (Zoöl.), the red admiral. See under Red.
 -- Scarlet bean (Bot.), a kind of bean (Phaseolus multiflorus)
having scarlet flowers; scarlet runner.
 -- Scarlet fever (Med.), a contagious febrile disease characterized
by inflammation of the fauces and a scarlet rash, appearing usually
on the second day, and ending in desquamation about the sixth or
seventh day.
 -- Scarlet fish (Zoöl.), the telescope fish; -- so called from its
red color. See under Telescope.
 -- Scarlet ibis (Zoöl.) See under Ibis.
 -- Scarlet maple (Bot.), the red maple. See Maple.
 -- Scarlet mite (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of bright red
carnivorous mites found among grass and moss, especially Thombidium
holosericeum and allied species. The young are parasitic upon spiders
and insects.
 -- Scarlet oak (Bot.), a species of oak (Quercus coccinea) of the
United States; -- so called from the scarlet color of its leaves in
autumn.
 -- Scarlet runner (Bot.), the scarlet bean.
 -- Scarlet tanager. (Zoöl.) See under Tanager.

SCARLET
Scar"let, v. t.

Defn: To dye or tinge with scarlet. [R.]
The ashy paleness of my cheek Is scarleted in ruddy flakes of wrath.
Ford.

SCARMAGE; SCARMOGE
Scar"mage, Scar"moge, n.

Defn: A slight contest; a skirmish. See Skirmish. [Obs.]
Such cruel game my scarmoges disarms. Spenser.

SCARN
Scarn, n. Etym: [Icel. skarn; akin to AS. scearn. Cf. Shearn.]

Defn: Dung. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ray. Scarn bee (Zoöl.), a dung
beetle.

SCAROID
Sca"roid, a. Etym: [Scarus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Scaridæ, a family of marine fishes
including the parrot fishes.

SCARP
Scarp, n. Etym: [OF. escharpe. See 2d Scarf.] (Her.)

Defn: A band in the same position as the bend sinister, but only half
as broad as the latter.

SCARP
Scarp, n. Etym: [Aphetic form of Escarp.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: The slope of the ditch nearest the parapet; the escarp.

2. A steep descent or declivity.

SCARP
Scarp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scarped; p. pr. & vb. n. Scarping.]

Defn: To cut down perpendicularly, or nearly so; as, to scarp the
face of a ditch or a rock.
From scarped cliff and quarried stone. Tennyson.
Sweep ruins from the scarped mountain. Emerson.

SCARRING
Scar"ring, n.

Defn: A scar; a mark.
We find upon the limestone rocks the scarrings of the ancient glacier
which brought the bowlder here. Tyndall.

SCARRY
Scar"ry, a.

Defn: Bearing scars or marks of wounds.

SCARRY
Scar"ry, a. Etym: [See 4th Scar.]

Defn: Like a scar, or rocky eminence; containing scars. Holinshed.

SCARUS
Sca"rus, n. Etym: [L. See Scar a kind of fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Mediterranean food fish (Sparisoma scarus) od excellent
quality and highly valued by the Romans; -- called also parrot fish.

SCARY
Sca"ry, n. Etym: [Prov. E. scare scraggy.]

Defn: Barren land having only a thin coat of grass. [Prov. Eng.]

SCARY
Scar"y, a. Etym: [From Scare.]

1. Subject to sudden alarm. [Colloq.U.S.] Whittier.

2. Causing fright; alarming. [Colloq.U.S.]

SCASELY
Scase"ly, adv.

Defn: Scarcely; hardly. [Obs. or Colloq.] Robynson (More's Utopia)

SCAT
Scat, interj.

Defn: Go away; begone; away; -- chiefly used in driving off a cat.

SCAT; SCATT
Scat, Scatt, n. Etym: [Icel. scattr.]

Defn: Tribute. [R.] "Seizing scatt and treasure." Longfellow.

SCAT
Scat, n.

Defn: A shower of rain. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

SCATCH
Scatch, n. Etym: [F. escache.]

Defn: A kind of bit for the bridle of a horse; -- called also
scatchmouth. Bailey.

SCATCHES
Scatch"es, n.; pl. Etym: [OF. eschaces, F. échasses, fr. D. schaats a
high-heeled shoe, a skate. See Skate, for the foot.]

Defn: Stilts. [Prov. Eng.]

SCATE
Scate, n.

Defn: See Skate, for the foot.

SCATEBROUS
Scat"e*brous, a. Etym: [L. scatebra a gushing up of water, from
scatere to bubble, gush.]

Defn: Abounding with springs. [Obs.]

SCATH
Scath, n. Etym: [Icel. skathi; akin to Dan. skade, Sw. skada, AS.
sceatha, scatha, foe, injurer, OS. skatho, D. schade, schaden; cf.
Gr. Scathe, v.]

Defn: Harm; damage; injury; hurt; waste; misfortune. [Written also
scathe.]
But she was somedeal deaf, and that was skathe. Chaucer.
Great mercy, sure, for to enlarge a thrall, Whose freedom shall thee
turn to greatest scath. Spenser.
Wherein Rome hath done you any scath, Let him make treble
satisfaction. Shak.

SCATHE; SCATH
Scathe, Scath, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scathed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Scathing.] Etym: [Icel. skatha; akin to AS. sceathan, sceth\'eban,
Dan. skade, Sw. skada, D. & G. schaden, OHG. scadon, Goth. skaÞjan.]

Defn: To do harm to; to injure; to damage; to waste; to destroy.
As when heaven's fire Hath scathed the forest oaks or mountain pines.
Milton.
Strokes of calamity that scathe and scorch the soul. W. Irwing.

SCATHFUL
Scath"ful, a.

Defn: Harmful; doing damage; pernicious. Shak.
 -- Scath"ful*ness, n.

SCATHLESS
Scath"less, a.

Defn: Unharmed. R. L. Stevenson.
He, too, . . . is to be dismissed scathless. Sir W. Scott.

SCATHLY
Scath"ly, a.

Defn: Injurious; scathful. [Obs.]

SCATTER
Scat"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scattered; p. pr. & vb. n. Scattering.]
Etym: [OE. scateren. See Shatter.]

1. To strew about; to sprinkle around; to throw down loosely; to
deposit or place here and there, esp. in an open or sparse order.
And some are scattered all the floor about. Chaucer.
Why should my muse enlarge on Libyan swains, Their scattered
cottages, and ample plains Dryden.
Teach the glad hours to scatter, as they fly, Soft quiet, gentle
love, and endless joy. Prior.

2. To cause to separate in different directions; to reduce from a
close or compact to a loose or broken order; to dissipate; to
disperse.
Scatter and disperse the giddy Goths. Shak.

3. Hence, to frustrate, disappoint, and overthrow; as, to scatter
hopes, plans, or the like.

Syn.
 -- To disperse; dissipate; spread; strew.

SCATTER
Scat"ter, v. i.

Defn: To be dispersed or dissipated; to disperse or separate; as,
clouds scatter after a storm.

SCATTER-BRAIN
Scat"ter-brain`, n.

Defn: A giddy or thoughtless person; one incapable of concentration
or attention. [Written also scatter-brains.]

SCATTER-BRAINED
Scat"ter-brained`, a.

Defn: Giddy; thoughtless.

SCATTERED
Scat"tered, a.

1. Dispersed; dissipated; sprinkled, or loosely spread.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Irregular in position; having no regular order; as, scattered
leaves.
 -- Scat"tered*ly, adv.
 -- Scat"tered*ness, n.

SCATTERGOOD
Scat"ter*good`, n.

Defn: One who wastes; a spendthrift.

SCATTERING
Scat"ter*ing, a.

Defn: Going or falling in various directions; not united or
agregated; divided among many; as, scattering votes.

SCATTERING
Scat"ter*ing, n.

Defn: Act of strewing about; something scattered. South.

SCATTERINGLY
Scat"ter*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scattering manner; dispersedly.

SCATTERLING
Scat"ter*ling, n. Etym: [Scatter + -ling.]

Defn: One who has no fixed habitation or residence; a vagabond.
[Obs.] "Foreign scatterlings." Spenser.

SCATURIENT
Sca*tu"ri*ent, a.Etym: [L. scaturiens, p.pr. of scaturire gush out,
from scatere to bubble, gush.]

Defn: Gushing forth; full to overflowing; effusive. [R.]
A pen so scaturient and unretentive. Sir W. Scott.

SCATURIGINOUS
Scat`u*rig"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. skaturiginosus, fr. scaturigo gushing
water. See Scaturient.]

Defn: Abounding with springs. [Obs.]

SCAUP
Scaup, n. Etym: [See Scalp a bed of oysters or mussels.]

1. A bed or stratum of shellfish; scalp. [Scot.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A scaup duck. See below. Scaup duck (Zoöl.), any one of several
species of northern ducks of the genus Aythya, or Fuligula. The adult
males are, in large part, black. The three North American species
are: the greater scaup duck (Aythya marila, var. nearctica), called
also broadbill, bluebill, blackhead, flock duck, flocking fowl, and
raft duck; the lesser scaup duck (A. affinis), called also little
bluebill, river broadbill, and shuffler; the tufted, or ring-necked,
scaup duck (A. collaris), called also black jack, ringneck, ringbill,
ringbill shuffler, etc. See Illust. of Ring-necked, under Ring-
necked. The common European scaup, or mussel, duck (A.marila),
closely resembles the American variety.

SCAUPER
Scaup"er, n. Etym: [Cf. Scalper.]

Defn: A tool with a semicircular edge, -- used by engravers to clear
away the spaces between the lines of an engraving. Fairholt.

SCAUR
Scaur, n.

Defn: A precipitous bank or rock; a scar.

SCAVAGE
Scav"age (; 48), n. Etym: [LL. scavagium, fr. AS. sceáwian to lock at
to inspect. See Show.] (O.Eng. Law)

Defn: A toll duty formerly exacted of merchant strangers by mayors,
sheriffs, etc., for goods shown or offered for sale within their
precincts. Cowell.

SCAVENGE
Scav"enge, v. t.

Defn: To cleanse, as streets, from filth. C. Kingsley.

SCAVENGER
Scav"en*ger, n. Etym: [OE. scavager an officer with various duties,
orginally attending to scavage, fr. OE. & E. scavage. See Scavage,
Show, v.]

Defn: A person whose employment is to clean the streets of a city, by
scraping or sweeping, and carrying off the fifth. The name is also
applied to any animal which devours refuse, carrion, or anything
injurious to health. Scavenger beetle (Zoöl.), any beetle which feeds
on decaying substances, as the carrion beetle.
 -- Scavanger crab (Zoöl.), any crab which feeds on dead animals, as
the spider crab.
 -- Scavenger's daughter Etym: [corrupt. of Skevington's daughter],
an instrument of torture invented by Sir W. Skevington, which so
compressed the body as to force the blood to flow from nostrils. and
sometimes from the hands and feet. Am. Cyc.

SCAVENGING
Scav"eng*ing, p. pr. & vb. n. of Scavenge. Hence, n. (Internal-
combustion Engines)

Defn: Act or process of expelling the exhaust gases from the cylinder
by some special means, as, in many four-cycle engines, by utilizing
the momentum of the exhaust gases in a long exhaust pipe.

SCAZON
Sca"zon, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. to limp.] (Lat. Pros.)

Defn: A choliamb.

SCELERAT
Scel"er*at, n. Etym: [F. scéléra from L. sceleratus, p.p. of
scelerare to pollute, from scelus, sceleris, a crime.]

Defn: A villian; a criminal. [Obs.] Cheyne.

SCELESTIC
Sce*les"tic, a. Etym: [L. scelestus, from scelus wickedness.]

Defn: Evil; wicked; atrocious. [Obs.] "Scelestic villainies."
Feltham.

SCELET
Scel"et, n. Etym: [See Skeleton.]

Defn: A mummy; a skeleton. [Obs.] olland.

SCENA
Sce"na, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)
(a) A scene in an opera.
(b) An accompanied dramatic recitative, interspersed with passages of
melody, or followed by a full aria. Rockstro.

SCENARIO
Sce*na"ri*o, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A preliminary sketch of the plot, or main incidents, of an
opera.

SCENARY
Scen"a*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. L. scenarius belonging to the stage.]

Defn: Scenery. [Obs.] Dryden.

SCENE
Scene, n. Etym: [L. scaena, scena, Gr.

1. The structure on which a spectacle or play is exhibited; the part
of a theater in which the acting is done, with its adjuncts and
decorations; the stage.

2. The decorations and fittings of a stage, representing the place in
which the action is supposed to go on; one of the slides, or other
devices, used to give an appearance of reality to the action of a
play; as, to paint scenes; to shift the scenes; to go behind the
scenes.

3. So much of a play as passes without change of locality or time, or
important change of character; hence, a subdivision of an act; a
separate portion of a play, subordinate to the act, but differently
determined in different plays; as, an act of four scenes.
My dismal scene I needs must act alone. Shak.

4. The place, time, circumstance, etc., in which anything occurs, or
in which the action of a story, play, or the like, is laid;
surroundings amid which anything is set before the imagination; place
of occurence, exhibition, or action. "In Troy, there lies the scene."
Shak.
The world is a vast scene of strife. J. M. Mason.

5. An assemblage of objects presented to the view at once; a series
of actions and events exhibited in their connection; a spectacle; a
show; an exhibition; a view.
Through what new scenes and changes must we pass! Addison.

6. A landscape, or part of a landscape; scenery.
A sylvan scene with various greens was drawn, Shades on the sides,
and in the midst a lawn. Dryden.

7. An exhibition of passionate or strong feeling before others;
often, an artifical or affected action, or course of action, done for
effect; a theatrical display.
Probably no lover of scenes would have had very long to wait De
Quincey.
Behind the scenes, behind the scenery of a theater; out of the view
of the audience, but in sight of the actors, machinery, etc.; hence,
conversant with the hidden motives and agencies of what appears to
public view.

SCENE
Scene, v. t.

Defn: To exhibit as a scene; to make a scene of; to display. [Obs.]
Abp. Sancroft.

SCENEFUL
Scene"ful, a.

Defn: Having much scenery. [R.]

SCENEMAN
Scene"man, n.; pl. Scenemen (.

Defn: The man who manages the movable scenes in a theater.

SCENERY
Scen"er*y, n.

1. Assemblage of scenes; the scenes of a play; the disposition and
arrangement of the scenes in which the action of a play, poem, etc.,
is laid; representation of place of action or occurence.

2. Sum of scenes or views; general aspect, as regards variety and
beauty or the reverse, in a landscape; combination of natural views,
as woods, hills, etc.
Never need an American look beyond his own country for the sublime
and beautiful of natural scenery. W. Irving.

SCENESHIFTER
Scene"shift`er, n.

Defn: One who moves the scenes in a theater; a sceneman.

SCENIC; SCENICAL
Scen"ic, Scen"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. scaenicus, scenicus, Gr. scénique.
See Scene.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to scenery; of the nature of scenery;
theatrical.
All these situations communicate a scenical animation to the wild
romance, if treated dramatically. De Quincey.

SCENOGRAPH
Scen"o*graph, n. Etym: [See Scenography.]

Defn: A perspective representation or general view of an object.

SCENOGRAPHIC; SCENOGRAPHICAL
Scen`o*graph"ic, Scen`o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. scénographique,
Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to scenography; drawn in perspective.
 -- Scen`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

SCENOGRAPHY
Sce*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [L. scenographia, Gr. scénographie.]

Defn: The art or act of representing a body on a perspective plane;
also, a representation or description of a body, in all its
dimensions, as it appears to the eye. Greenhill.

SCENT
Scent, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scented; p. pr. & vb. n. Scenting.] Etym:
[Originally sent, fr. F. sentir to feel, to smell. See Sense.]

1. To perceive by the olfactory organs; to smell; as, to scent game,
as a hound does.
Methinks I scent the morning air. Shak.

2. To imbue or fill with odor; to perfume.
Balm from a silver box distilled around, Shall all bedew the roots,
and scent the sacred ground. Dryden.

SCENT
Scent, v. i.

1. To have a smell. [Obs.]
Thunderbolts . . . do scent strongly of brimstone. Holland.

2. To hunt animals by means of the sense of smell.

SCENT
Scent, n.

1. That which, issuing from a body, affects the olfactory organs of
animals; odor; smell; as, the scent of an orange, or of a rose; the
scent of musk.
With lavish hand diffuses scents ambrosial. prior.

2. Specifically, the odor left by an animal on the ground in passing
over it; as, dogs find or lose the scent; hence, course of pursuit;
track of discovery.
He gained the observations of innumerable ages, and traveled upon the
same scent into Ethiopia. Sir W. Temple.

3. The power of smelling; the sense of smell; as, a hound of nice
scent; to divert the scent. I. Watts.

SCENTFUL
Scent"ful, a.

1. Full of scent or odor; odorous. "A scentful nosegay." W. Browne.

2. Of quick or keen smell.
The scentful osprey by the rock had fished. W. Browne.

SCENTINGLY
Scent"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By scent. [R.] Fuller.

SCENTLESS
Scent"less, a.

Defn: Having no scent.
The scentless and the scented rose. Cowper.

SCEPSIS
Scep"sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. skepsis. See Skeptic.]

Defn: Skepticism; skeptical philosophy. [R.]
Among their products were the system of Locke, the scepsis of Hume,
the critical philosophy of kant. J. martineau.

SCEPTER; SCEPTRE
Scep"ter, Scep"tre, n. Etym: [F. sceptre, L. sceptrum, from Gr.
shaft. See Shaft, and cf. Scape a stem, shaft.]

1. A staff or baton borne by a sovereign, as a ceremonial badge or
emblem of authority; a royal mace.
And the king held out Esther the golden scepter that was in his hand.
Esther v. 2.

2. Hence, royal or imperial power or authority; sovereignty; as, to
assume the scepter.
The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between
his feet, until Shilon come. Gen. xlix. 10.

SCEPTER; SCEPTRE
Scep"ter, Scep"tre, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sceptered or Sceptred (p. pr.
& vb. n. Sceptering or Sceptring (.]

Defn: To endow with the scepter, or emblem of authority; to invest
with royal authority.
To Britain's queen the sceptered suppliant bends. Tickell.

SCEPTERELLATE
Scep`ter*el"late, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a straight shaft with whorls of spines; -- said of
certain sponge spicules. See Illust. under Spicule.

SCEPTERLESS; SCEPTRELESS
Scep"ter*less, Scep"tre*less, a.

Defn: Having no scepter; without authority; powerless; as, a
scepterless king.

SCEPTIC; SCEPTICAL; SCEPTICISM
Scep"tic, Scep"tic*al, Scep"ti*cism,

Defn: etc. See Skeptic, Skeptical, Skepticism, etc.

SCEPTRAL
Scep"tral, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a scepter; like a scepter.

SCERN
Scern, v. t.

Defn: To discern; to perceive. [Obs.]

SCHADE
Schade, n.

Defn: Shade; shadow. [Obs.]

Note: English words now beginning with sh, like shade, were formerly
often spelled with a c between the s and h; as, schade; schame;
schape; schort, etc.

SCHAH
Schah, n.

Defn: See Shah.

SCHAPPE
Schap"pe, n. [G. dial. (Swiss), waste, impurity.]

Defn: A silk yarn or fabric made out of carded spun silk.

SCHATCHEN
Schat"chen, n. [Yiddish, fr. NHeb. shadkhan, fr. shadakh to bring
about a marriage, orig., to persuade.]

Defn: A person whose business is marriage brokage; a marriage broker,
esp. among certain Jews.

SCHEDIASM
Sche"di*asm, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Cursory writing on a loose sheet. [R.]

SCHEDULE
Sched"ule (; in England commonly ; 277), n. Etym: [F. cédule,
formerly also spelt schedule, L. schedula, dim. of scheda, scida, a
strip of papyrus bark, a leaf of paper; akin to (or perh. from) Gr.
scindere to cleave, Gr. Schism, and cf. Cedule.]

Defn: A written or printed scroll or sheet of paper; a document;
especially, a formal list or inventory; a list or catalogue annexed
to a larger document, as to a will, a lease, a statute, etc.

Syn.
 -- Catalogue; list; inventory. see List.

SCHEDULE
Sched"ule, v. t.

Defn: To form into, or place in, a schedule.

SCHEELE'S GREEN
Scheele's" green`. Etym: [See Scheelite.] (Chem.)

Defn: See under Green.

SCHEELIN
Scheel"in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Scheelium. [Obs.]

SCHEELITE
Scheel"ite (, n. Etym: [From C.W.Scheele, a Swedish chemist.] (Min.)

Defn: Calcium tungstate, a mineral of a white or pale yellowish color
and of the tetragonal system of crystallization.

SCHEELIUM
Schee"li*um, n. Etym: [NL. From C.W.Scheele, who discovered it.]
(Chem.)

Defn: The metal tungsten. [Obs.]

SCHEIK
Scheik (shek or shak), n.

Defn: See Sheik.

SCHELLY
Schel"ly, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The powan. [Prov. Eng.]

SCHEMA
Sche"ma, n.; pl. Schemata, E. Schemas. Etym: [G. See Scheme.]
(Kantian Philos.)

Defn: An outline or image universally applicable to a general
conception, under which it is likely to be presented to the mind; as,
five dots in a line are a schema of the number five; a preceding and
succeeding event are a schema of cause and effect.

SCHEMATIC
Sche*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a scheme or a schema.

SCHEMATISM
Sche"ma*tism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. schématisme (cf. L. schematismos
florid speech), fr. Gr. Scheme.]

1. (Astrol.)

Defn: Combination of the aspects of heavenly bodies.

2. Particular form or disposition of a thing; an exhibition in
outline of any systematic arrangement. [R.]

SCHEMATIST
Sche"ma*tist, n.

Defn: One given to forming schemes; a projector; a schemer. Swift.

SCHEMATIZE
Sche"ma*tize, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. schématiser, Gr.

Defn: To form a scheme or schemes.

SCHEME
Scheme, n. Etym: [L. schema a rhetorical figure, a shape, figure,
manner, Gr. sah to be victorious, to endure, to hold out, AS. sige
victory, G. sieg. Cf. Epoch, Hectic, School.]

1. A combination of things connected and adjusted by design; a
system.
The appearance and outward scheme of things. Locke.
Such a scheme of things as shall at once take in time and eternity.
Atterbury.
Arguments . . . sufficient to support and demonstrate a whole scheme
of moral philosophy. J. Edwards.
The Revolution came and changed his whole scheme of life. Macaulay.

2. A plan or theory something to be done; a design; a project; as, to
form a scheme.
The stoical scheme of supplying our wants by lopping off our desires,
is like cuttig off our feet when we want shoes. Swift.

3. Any lineal or mathematical diagram; an outline.
To draw an exact scheme of Constantinople, or a map of France. South.

4. (Astrol.)

Defn: A representation of the aspects of the celestial bodies for any
moment o at a given event.
A blue case, from which was drawn a scheme of nativity. Sir W. Scott.

Syn.
 -- Plan; project; contrivance; purpose; device; plot.
 -- Scheme, Plan. Scheme and plan are subordinate to design; they
propose modes of carrying our designs into effect. Scheme is the
least definite of the two, and lies more in speculation. A plan is
drawn out into details with a view to being carried into effect. As
schemes are speculative, they often prove visionary; hence the
opprobrious use of the words schemer and scheming. Plans, being more
practical, are more frequently carried into effect.
He forms the well-concerted scheme of mischief; 'T is fixed, 't is
done, and both are doomed to death. Rowe.
Artists and plans relieved my solemn hours; I founded palaces, and
planted bowers. prior.

SCHEME
Scheme, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Schemed; p. pr. & vb. n. Scheming.]

Defn: To make a scheme of; to plan; to design; to project; to plot.
That wickedness which schemed, and executed, his destruction. G.
Stuart.

SCHEME
Scheme, v. i.

Defn: To form a scheme or schemes.

SCHEMEFUL
Scheme"ful, a.

Defn: Full of schemes or plans.

SCHEMER
Schem"er, n.

Defn: One who forms schemes; a projector; esp., a plotter; an
intriguer.
Schemers and confederates in guilt. Paley.

SCHEMING
Schem"ing, a.

Defn: Given to forming schemes; artful; intriguing.
 -- Schem"ing*ly, adv.

SCHEMIST
Schem"ist, n.

Defn: A schemer. [R.] Waterland.

SCHENE
Schene, n. Etym: [L. schoenus, Gr. schène.] (Antiq.)

Defn: An Egyptian or Persian measure of length, varying from thirthy-
two to sixty stadia.

SCHENKBEER
Schenk"beer`, n. Etym: [G. schenkbier; schenken to pour out + bier
beer; -- so called because put on draught soon after it is made.]

Defn: A mild German beer.

SCHERBET
Scher"bet, n.

Defn: See Sherbet.

SCHERIF
Scher"if ( or ), n.

Defn: See Sherif.

SCHERZANDO
Scher*zan"do, adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: In a playful or sportive manner.

SCHERZO
Scher"zo, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A playful, humorous movement, commonly in 3-4 measure, which
often takes the place of the old minuet and trio in a sonata or a
symphony.

SCHESIS
Sche"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Scheme.]

1. General state or disposition of the body or mind, or of one thing
with regard to other things; habitude. [Obs.] Norris.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech whereby the mental habitude of an adversary
or opponent is feigned for the purpose of arguing against him. Crabb.

SCHETIC; SCHETICAL
Schet"ic, Schet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the habit of the body; constitutional.
[Obs.] Cudworth.

SCHIEDAM
Schie*dam", n. Etym: [Short for Schiedam schnapps.]

Defn: Holland gin made at Schiedam in the Netherlands.

SCHILLER
Schil"ler, n. Etym: [G., play of colors.] (Min.)

Defn: The peculiar bronzelike luster observed in certain minerals, as
hypersthene, schiller spar, etc. It is due to the presence of minute
inclusions in parallel position, and in sometimes of secondary
origin. Schiller spar (Min.), an altered variety of enstatite,
exhibiting, in certain positions, a bronzelike luster.

SCHILLERIZATION
Schil`ler*i*za"tion, n. (Min.)

Defn: The act or process of producing schiller in a mineral mass.

SCHILLING
Schil"ling, n. Etym: [G. See Shilling.]

Defn: Any one of several small German and Dutch coins, worth from
about one and a half cents to about five cents.

SCHINDYLESIS
Schin`dy*le"sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A form of articulation in which one bone is received into a
groove or slit in another.

SCHIRRHUS
Schir"rhus, n.

Defn: See Scirrhus.

SCHISM
Schism, n. Etym: [OE. scisme, OF. cisme, scisme, F. schisme, L.
schisma, Gr. scindere, Skr. child, and prob. to E. shed, v.t. (which
see); cf. Rescind, Schedule, Zest.]

Defn: Division or separation; specifically (Eccl.), permanent
division or separation in the Christian church; breach of unity among
people of the same religious faith; the offense of seeking to produce
division in a church without justifiable cause.
Set bounds to our passions by reason, to our errors by truth, and to
our schisms by charity. Eikon Basilike.

Greek schism (Eccl.), the separation of the Greek and Roman churches.
 -- Great schism, or Western schism (Eccl.) a schism in the church in
the latter part of the 14th century, on account of rival claimants to
the papal throne.
 -- Schism act (Law), an act of the English Parliament requiring all
teachers to conform to the Established Church, -- passed in 1714,
repealed in 1719.

SCHISMA
Schis"ma, n. Etym: [L., a spilt, separation, Gr. schisma. See
Schism.] (Anc. Mus.)

Defn: An interval equal to half a comma.

SCHISMATIC
Schis*mat"ic (sîz*mât"îk; so nearly all orthoëpists), a. Etym: [L.
schismaticus, Gr. schismatique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to schism; implying schism; partaking of the
nature of schism; tending to schism; as, schismatic opinions or
proposals.

SCHISMATIC
Schis*mat"ic, n.

Defn: One who creates or takes part in schism; one who separates from
an established church or religious communion on account of a
difference of opinion. "They were popularly classed together as
canting schismatics." Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Heretic; partisan. See Heretic.

SCHISMATICAL
Schis*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Same as Schismatic.
 -- Schismat"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Schis*mat"ic*al*ness, n.

SCHISMATIZE
Schis"ma*tize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Schismatized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Schismatizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. schismatiser.]

Defn: To make part in schism; to make a breach of communion in the
church.

SCHISMLESS
Schism"less, a.

Defn: Free from schism.

SCHIST
Schist (shîst), n. Etym: [Gr. schiste. See Schism.] (Geol.)

Defn: Any crystalline rock having a foliated structure (see
Foliation) and hence admitting of ready division into slabs or
slates. The common kinds are mica schist, and hornblendic schist,
consisting chiefly of quartz with mica or hornblende and often
feldspar.

SCHISTACEOUS
Schis*ta"ceous, a.

Defn: Of a slate color.

SCHISTIC
Schist"ic, a.

Defn: Schistose.

SCHISTOSE; SCHISTOUS
Schis*tose", Schist*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. schisteux.] (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to schist; having the structure of a schist.

SCHISTOSITY
Schis*tos"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. schistosité.] (Geol.)

Defn: The quality or state of being schistose.

SCHIZO-
Schiz"o-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form denoting division or cleavage; as,
schizogenesis, reproduction by fission or cell division.

SCHIZOCARP
Schiz"o*carp, n. Etym: [Schizo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A dry fruit which splits at maturity into several closed one-
seeded portions.

SCHIZOCOELE
Schiz"o*coele, n. Etym: [Schizo- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: See Enterocoele.

SCHIZOCOELOUS
Schiz`o*coe"lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a schizocoele.

SCHIZOGENESIS
Schiz`o*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Schizo- + genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: reproduction by fission. Haeckel.

SCHIZOGNATH
Schiz"og*nath, n. Etym: [See Schizognathous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird with a schizognathous palate.

SCHIZOGNATHAE
Schi*zog"na*thæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The schizognathous birds.

SCHIZOGNATHISM
Schi*zog"na*thism, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: the condition of having a schizognathous palate.

SCHIZOGNATHOUS
Schi*zog"na*thous, a. Etym: [Schize- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the maxillo-palatine bones separate from each other and
from the vomer, which is pointed in front, as in the gulls, snipes,
grouse, and many other birds.

SCHIZOMYCETES
Schiz`o*my*ce"tes, n. pl., Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: An order of Schizophyta, including the so-called fission fungi,
or bacteria. See Schizophyta, in the Supplement.

SCHIZONEMERTEA
Schiz`o*ne*mer"te*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Schizo-, and Nemertes.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of nemerteans comprising those having a deep slit along
each side of the head. See Illust. in Appendix.

SCHIZONT
Schi"zont (ski"zont or skiz"ont), n. [Gr. , , p.pr., cleaving.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: In certain Sporozoa, a cell formed by the growth of a
sporozoite or merozoite (in a cell or corpuscle of the host) which
segment by superficial cleavage, without encystment or conjugation,
into  merozoites.

SCHIZOPELMOUS
Schiz`o*pel"mous, a. Etym: [Schizo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the two flexor tendons of the toes entirely separate,
and the flexor hallicus going to the first toe only.

SCHIZOPHYTE
Schiz"o*phyte, n. Etym: [Schizo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: One of a class of vegetable organisms, in the classification of
Cohn, which includes all of the inferior forms that multiply by
fission, whether they contain chlorophyll or not.

SCHIZOPOD
Schiz"o*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: one of the Schizopoda. Also used adjectively.

SCHIZOPOD; SCHIZOPODOUS
Schiz"o*pod, Schi*zop"o*dous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a schizopod, or the Schizopoda.

SCHIZOPODA
Schi*zop"o*da, n. pl., Etym: [NL. See Schizo-, and -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of shrimplike Thoracostraca in which each of the
thoracic legs has a long fringed upper branch (exopodite) for
swimming.

SCHIZORHINAL
Schiz`o*rhi"nal, a. Etym: [Schizo- + rhinal.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the nasal bones separate.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the anterior nostrils prolonged backward in the form of
a slit.

SCHLICH
Schlich, n. Etym: [G.; akin to LG. slik mud, D. slijk, MHG. sl.]
(Metal.)

Defn: The finer portion of a crushed ore, as of gold, lead, or tin,
separated by the water in certain wet processes. [Written also slich,
slick.]

SCHMELZE
Schmel"ze, n. Etym: [G. schmelz, schmelzglas.]

Defn: A kind of glass of a red or ruby color, made in Bohemia.

SCHNAPPS
Schnapps, n. Etym: [G., a dram of spirits.]

Defn: Holland gin. [U.S.]

SCHNEIDERIAN
Schnei*de"ri*an (, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Discovered or described by C. V. Schneider, a German anatomist
of the seventeenth century. Schneiderian membrane, the mucous
membrane which lines the nasal chambers; the pituitary membrane.

SCHNORRER
Schnor"rer, n. [Yiddish, fr. G. schnurrer, fr. schnurren to hum,
whir, hence, from the sound of the musical instrument used by
strolling beggars, to beg.]

Defn: Among the Jews, a beggar.

SCHOHARIE GRIT
Scho*har"ie grit`. (Geol.)

Defn: The formation belonging to the middle of the three subdivisions
of the Corniferous period in the American Devonian system; -- so
called from Schoharie, in New York, where it occurs. See the Chart of
Geology.

SCHOLAR
Schol"ar, n. Etym: [OE. scoler, AS. scolere, fr. L. scholaris
belonging to a school, fr. schola a school. See School.]

1. One who attends a school; one who learns of a teacher; one under
the tuition of a preceptor; a pupil; a disciple; a learner; a
student.
I am no breeching scholar in the schools. Shak.

2. One engaged in the pursuits of learning; a learned person; one
versed in many branches, of knowledge; a person of high literary or
scientific attainments; a savant. Shak. Locke.

3. A man of books. Bacon.

4. In English universities, an undergraduate who belongs to the
foundation of a college, and receives support in part from its
revenues.

Syn.
 -- Pupil; learner; disciple.
 -- Scholar, Pupil. Scholar refers to the instruction, and pupil to
the care and government, of a teacher. A scholar is one who is under
instruction; a pupil is one who is under the immediate and personal
care of an instructor; hence we speak of a bright scholar, and an
obedient pupil.

SCHOLARITY
Scho*lar"i*ty, n. Etym: [OF. scholarité, or LL. scholaritias.]

Defn: Scholarship. [Obs.] . Jonson.

SCHOLARLIKE
Schol"ar*like`, a.

Defn: Scholarly. Bacon.

SCHOLARLY
Schol"ar*ly, a.

Defn: Like a scholar, or learned person; showing the qualities of a
scholar; as, a scholarly essay or critique.
 -- adv.

Defn: In a scholarly manner.

SCHOLARSHIP
Schol"ar*ship, n.

1. The character and qualities of a scholar; attainments in science
or literature; erudition; learning.
A man of my master's . . . great scholarship. Pope.

2. Literary education. [R.]
Any other house of scholarship. Milton.

3. Maintenance for a scholar; a foundation for the support of a
student. T. Warton.

Syn.
 -- Learning; erudition; knowledge.

SCHOLASTIC
Scho*las"tic, a. Etym: [L. scholasticus, Gr. scholastique,
scolastique. See School.]

1. Pertaining to, or suiting, a scholar, a school, or schools;
scholarlike; as, scholastic manners or pride; scholastic learning.
Sir K. Digby.

2. Of or pertaining to the schoolmen and divines of the Middle Ages
(see Schoolman); as, scholastic divinity or theology; scholastic
philosophy. Locke.

3. Hence, characterized by excessive subtilty, or needlessly minute
subdivisions; pedantic; formal.

SCHOLASTIC
Scho*las"tic, n.

1. One who adheres to the method or subtilties of the schools.
Milton.

2. (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: See the Note under Jesuit.

SCHOLASTICAL
Scho*las"tic*al, a. & n.

Defn: Scholastic.

SCHOLASTICALLY
Scho*las"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scholastic manner.

SCHOLASTICISM
Scho*las"ti*cism, n.

Defn: The method or subtitles the schools of philosophy; scholastic
formality; scholastic doctrines or philosophy.
The spirit of the old scholasticism . . . spurned laborious
investigation and slow induction. J. P. Smith.

SCHOLIA
Scho"li*a, n. pl.

Defn: See Scholium.

SCHOLIAST
Scho"li*ast, n. Etym: [Gr. scoliate. See Scholium.]

Defn: A maker of scholia; a commentator or annotator.
No . . . quotations from Talmudists and scholiasts . . . ever marred
the effect of his grave temperate discourses. Macaulay.

SCHOLIASTIC
Scho`li*as"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a scholiast, or his pursuits. Swift.

SCHOLIAZE
Scho"li*aze, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

Defn: To write scholia. [Obs.] Milton.

SCHOLICAL
Schol"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. scholicus, Gr. School.]

Defn: Scholastic. [Obs.] ales.

SCHOLION
Scho"li*on, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A scholium.
A judgment which follows immediately from another is sometimes called
a corollary, or consectary . . . One which illustrates the science
where it appears, but is not an integral part of it, is a scholion.
Abp. Thomson (Laws of Thought).

SCHOLIUM
Scho"li*um, n.; pl. L. Scholia, E. Scholiums. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
School.]

1. Marginal anotation; an explanatory remark or comment;
specifically, an explanatory comment on the text of a classic author
by an early grammarian.

2. A remark or observation subjoined to a demonstration or a train of
reasoning.

SCHOLY
Scho"ly, n.

Defn: A scholium. [Obs.] Hooker.

SCHOLY
Scho"ly, v. i. & t.

Defn: To write scholia; to annotate. [Obs.]

SCHOOL
School, n. Etym: [For shool a crowd; prob. confuced with school for
learning.]

Defn: A shoal; a multitude; as, a school of fish.

SCHOOL
School, n. Etym: [OE. scole, AS. sc, L. schola, Gr. Scheme.]

1. A place for learned intercourse and instruction; an institution
for learning; an educational establishment; a place for acquiring
knowledge and mental training; as, the school of the prophets.
Disputing daily in the school of one Tyrannus. Acts xix. 9.

2. A place of primary instruction; an establishment for the
instruction of children; as, a primary school; a common school; a
grammar school.
As he sat in the school at his primer. Chaucer.

3. A session of an institution of instruction.
How now, Sir Hugh! No school to-day Shak.

4. One of the seminaries for teaching logic, metaphysics, and
theology, which were formed in the Middle Ages, and which were
characterized by academical disputations and subtilties of reasoning.
At Cambridge the philosophy of Descartes was still dominant in the
schools. Macaulay.

5. The room or hall in English universities where the examinations
for degrees and honors are held.

6. An assemblage of scholars; those who attend upon instruction in a
school of any kind; a body of pupils.
What is the great community of Christians, but one of the innumerable
schools in the vast plan which God has instituted for the education
of various intelligences Buckminster.

7. The disciples or followers of a teacher; those who hold a common
doctrine, or accept the same teachings; a sect or denomination in
philosophy, theology, science, medicine, politics, etc.
Let no man be less confident in his faith . . . by reason of any
difference in the several schools of Christians. Jer. Taylor.

8. The canons, precepts, or body of opinion or practice, sanctioned
by the authority of a particular class or age; as, he was a gentleman
of the old school.
His face pale but striking, though not handsome after the schools. A.
S. Hardy.

9. Figuratively, any means of knowledge or discipline; as, the school
of experience. Boarding school, Common school, District school,
Normal school, etc. See under Boarding, Common, District, etc.
 -- High school, a free public school nearest the rank of a college.
[U.S.] -- School board, a corporation established by law in every
borough or parish in England, and elected by the burgesses or
ratepayers, with the duty of providing public school accomodation for
all children in their dictrict.
 -- School commitee, School board, an elected commitee of citizens
having charge and care of the public schools in any district, town,
or city, and responsible control of the money appropriated for school
purposes. [U.S.] -- School days, the period in which youth are sent
to school.
 -- School district, a division of a town or city for establishing
and conducting schools. [U.S.] -- Sunday school, or Sabbath school, a
school held on Sunday for study of the Bible and for religious
instruction; the pupils, or the teachers and pupils, of such a
school, collectively.

SCHOOL
School, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Schooled; p. pr. & vb. n. Schooling.]

1. To train in an institution of learning; to educate at a school; to
teach.
He's gentle, never schooled, and yet learned. Shak.

2. To tutor; to chide and admonish; to reprove; to subject to
systematic disciplene; to train.
It now remains for you to school your child, And ask why God's
Anointed be reviled. Dryden.
The mother, while loving her child with the intensity of a sole
affection, had schooled herself to hope for little other return than
the waywardness of an April breeze. Hawthorne.

SCHOOLBOOK
School"book`, n.

Defn: A book used in schools for learning lessons.

SCHOOLBOY
School"boy`, n.

Defn: A boy belonging to, or attending, a school.

SCHOOLDAME
School"dame`. n.

Defn: A schoolmistress.

SCHOOLERY
School"er*y (, n.

Defn: Something taught; precepts; schooling. [Obs.] penser.

SCHOOLFELLOW
School"fel`low, n.

Defn: One bred at the same school; an associate in school.

SCHOOLGIRL
School"girl`, n.

Defn: A girl belonging to, or attending, a school.

SCHOOLHOUSE
School"house`, n.

Defn: A house appropriated for the use of a school or schools, or for
instruction.

SCHOOLING
School"ing, n.

1. Instruction in school; tuition; education in an institution of
learning; act of teaching.

2. Discipline; reproof; reprimand; as, he gave his son a good
schooling. Sir W. Scott.

3. Compensation for instruction; price or reward paid to an
instructor for teaching pupils.

SCHOOLING
School"ing, a. Etym: [See School a shoal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Collecting or running in schools or shoals.
Schooling species like the herring and menhaden. G. B. Goode.

SCHOOLMA'AM
School"ma'am, n.

Defn: A schoolmistress. [Colloq.U.S.]

SCHOOLMAID
School"maid`, n.

Defn: A schoolgirl. Shak.

SCHOOLMAN
School"man`, n.; pl. Schoolmen (.

Defn: One versed in the niceties of academical disputation or of
school divinity.

Note: The schoolmen were philosophers and divines of the Middle Ages,
esp. from the 11th century to the Reformation, who spent much time on
points of nice and abstract speculation. They were so called because
they taught in the mediæval universities and schools of divinity.

SCHOOLMASTER
School"mas`ter, n.

1. The man who presides over and teaches a school; a male teacher of
a school.
Let the soldier be abroad if he will; he can do nothing in this age.
There is another personage abroad, -- a person less imposing, -- in
the eyes of some, perhaps, insignificant. The schoolmaster is abroad;
and I trust to him, armed with his primer, against the soldier in
full military array. Brougham.

2. One who, or that which, disciplines and directs.
The law was our schoolmaster, to bring us into Christ. Gal. iii. 24.

SCHOOLMATE
School"mate`, n.

Defn: A pupil who attends the same school as another.

SCHOOLMISTRESS
School"mis`tress, n.

Defn: A woman who governs and teaches a school; a female school-
teacher.

SCHOOLROOM
School"room`, n.

Defn: A room in which pupils are taught.

SCHOOLSHIP
School"ship`, n.

Defn: A vessel employed as a nautical training school, in which naval
apprentices receive their education at the expense of the state, and
are trained for service as sailors. Also, a vessel used as a reform
school to which boys are committed by the courts to be disciplined,
and instructed as mariners.

SCHOOL-TEACHER
School"-teach`er, n.

Defn: One who teaches or instructs a school.
 -- School"-teach`ing, n.

SCHOOLWARD
School"ward, adv.

Defn: Toward school. Chaucer.

SCHOONER
Schoon"er, n. Etym: [See the Note below. Cf. Shun.] (Naut.)

Defn: Originally, a small, sharp-built vessel, with two topsails on
one or both masts and was called a topsail schooner. About 1840,
longer vesels with three masts, fore-and-aft rigged, came into use,
and since that time vesels with four masts and even with six masts,
so rigged, are built. Schooners with more than two masts are
designated three-masted schooners, four-masted schooners, etc. See
Illustration in Appendix.

Note: The fist schooner ever constructed is said to have between
built in Gloucester, Massachusetts, about theyar 1713, by a Captain
Andrew Robinson, and to have received its name from the following
trivial circumstance: When the vessel went off the stocks into the
water, a bystander cried out,"O, how she scoons!" Robinson replied, "
A scooner let her be;" and, from that time, vessels thus masted and
rigged have gone by this name. The word scoon is popularly used in
some parts of New England to denote the act of making stones skip
along the surface of water. The Scottish scon means the same thing.
Both words are probably allied to the Icel. skunda, skynda, to make
haste, hurry, AS. scunian to avoid, shun, Prov. E. scun. In the New
England records, the word appears to have been originally written
scooner. Babson, in his "History of Gloucester," gives the following
extract from a letter written in that place Sept. 25, 1721, by Dr.
Moses Prince, brother of the Rev. Thomas Prince, the annalist of New
England: "This gentleman (Captain Robinson) was first contriver of
schooners, and built the first of that sort about eight years since."

SCHOONER
Schoon"er, n. Etym: [D.]

Defn: A large goblet or drinking glass, -- used for lager beer or
ale. [U.S.]

SCHORL
Schorl (shôrl), n. Etym: [G. schörl; cf. Sw. skörl.] (Min.)

Defn: Black tourmaline. [Written also shorl.]

SCHORLACEOUS
Schor*la"ceous, a.

Defn: Partaking of the nature and character of schorl; resembling
schorl.

SCHORLOUS
Schorl"ous, a.

Defn: Schorlaceous.

SCHORLY
Schorl"y, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, schorl; as, schorly granite.

SCHOTTISH; SCHOTTISCHE
Schot"tish, Schot"tische, (, n. Etym: [F. schottish, schotisch from
G. schottisch Scottish, Scotch.]

Defn: A Scotch round dance in 2-4 time, similar to the polka, only
slower; also, the music for such a dance; -- not to be confounded
with the Écossaise.

SCHREIBERSITE
Schrei"bers*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Carl von Schreibers, of
Vienna.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in steel-gray flexible folia. It contains
iron, nickel, and phosphorus, and is found only in meteoric iron.

SCHRODE
Schrode, n.

Defn: See Scrod.

SCHWANN'S SHEATH
Schwann's" sheath`. Etym: [So called from Theodor Schwann, a German
anatomist of the 19th century.] (Anat.)

Defn: The neurilemma.

SCHWANN'S WHITE SUBSTANCE
Schwann's white" sub"stance. (Anat.)

Defn: The substance of the medullary sheath.

SCHWANPAN
Schwan"pan`, n.

Defn: Chinese abacus.

SCHWEITZERKASE; SCHWEITZERKAESE
Schweit"zer*kä"se, n. Etym: [G. schweizerkäse Swiss cheese.]

Defn: Gruyère cheese.

SCHWENKFELDER; SCHWENKFELDIAN
Schwenk"feld`er, Schwenk"feld`i*an, n.

Defn: A member of a religious sect founded by Kaspar von Schwenkfeld,
a Silesian reformer who disagreed with Luther, especially on the
deification of the body of Christ.

SCIAENOID
Sci*æ"noid, a. Etym: [L. sciæna a kind of fish (fr. Gr. -oid.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Sciænidæ, a family of marine fishes
which includes the meagre, the squeteague, and the kingfish.

SCIAGRAPH
Sci"a*graph, n. Etym: [See Sciagraphy.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: An old term for a vertical section of a building; -- called
also sciagraphy. See Vertical section, under Section.

2. (Phys.)

Defn: A radiograph. [Written also skiagraph.]

SCIAGRAPHICAL
Sci`a*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sciagraphique, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to sciagraphy.
 -- Sci`a*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

SCIAGRAPHY
Sci*ag"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. sciagraphie.]

1. The art or science of projecting or delineating shadows as they
fall in nature. Gwilt.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Siagraph.

SCIAMACHY
Sci*am"a*chy, n.

Defn: See Sciomachy.

SCIATHERIC; SCIATHERICAL
Sci`a*ther"ic, Sci`a*ther"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Belonging to a sundial. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
 -- Sci`a*ther"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] J. Gregory.

SCIATIC
Sci*at"ic, a. Etym: [F. sciatique, LL. sciaticus, from L.
inschiadicus, Gr. Ischiadic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the hip; in the region of, or affecting,
the hip; ischial; ischiatic; as, the sciatic nerve, sciatic pains.

SCIATIC
Sci*at"ic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sciatique.] (Med.)

Defn: Sciatica.

SCIATICA
Sci*at"i*ca, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Neuralgia of the sciatic nerve, an affection characterized by
paroxysmal attacks of pain in the buttock, back of the thing, or in
the leg or foot, following the course of the branches of the sciatic
nerve. The name is also popularly applied to various painful
affections of the hip and the parts adjoininhg. See Ischiadic
passion, under Ischiadic.

SCIATICAL
Sci*at"ic*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Sciatic.

SCIATICALLY
Sci*at"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: With, or by means of, sciatica.

SCIBBOLETH
Scib"bo*leth, n.

Defn: Shibboleth. [Obs.]

SCIENCE
Sci"ence, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. scientia, fr. sciens, -entis, p.pr. of
scire to know. Cf. Conscience, Conscious, Nice.]

1. Knowledge; lnowledge of principles and causes; ascertained truth
of facts.
If we conceive God's or science, before the creation, to be extended
to all and every part of the world, seeing everything as it is, . . .
his science or sight from all eternity lays no necessity on anything
to come to pass. Hammond.
Shakespeare's deep and accurate science in mental philosophy.
Coleridge.

2. Accumulated and established knowledge, which has been systematized
and formulated with reference to the discovery of general truths or
the operation of general laws; knowledge classified and made
available in work, life, or the search for truth; comprehensive,
profound, or philosophical knowledge.
All this new science that men lere [teach]. Chaucer.
Science is . . . a complement of cognitions, having, in point of
form, the character of logical perfection, and in point of matter,
the character of real truth. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. Especially, such knowledge when it relates to the physical world
and its phenomena, the nature, constitution, and forces of matter,
the qualities and function of living tissues, etc.; -- called also
natural science, and physical science.
Voltaire hardly left a single corner of the field entirely unexplored
in science, poetry, history, philosophy. J. Morley.

4. Any branch or departament of systematized knowledge considered as
a distinct field of investigation or object of study; as, the science
of astronomy, of chemistry, or of mind.

Note: The ancients reckoned seven sciences, namely, grammar,
rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy; -- the
first three being included in the Trivium, the remaining four in the
Quadrivium.
Good sense, which only is the gift of Heaven, And though no science,
fairly worth the seven. Pope.

5. Art, skill, or expertness, regarded as the result of knowledge of
laws and principles.
His science, coolness, and great strength. G. A. Lawrence.

Note: Science is applied or pure. Applied science is a knowledge of
facts, events, or phenomena, as explained, accounted for, or
produced, by means of powers, causes, or laws. Pure science is the
knowledge of these powers, causes, or laws, considered apart, or as
pure from all applications. Both these terms have a similar and
special signification when applied to the science of quantity; as,
the applied and pure mathematics. Exact science is knowledge so
systematized that prediction and verification, by measurement,
experiment, observation, etc., are possible. The mathematical and
physical sciences are called the exact sciences. Comparative
sciences, Inductive sciences. See under Comparative, and Inductive.

Syn.
 -- Literature; art; knowledge.
 -- Science, Literature, Art. Science is literally knowledge, but
more usually denotes a systematic and orderly arrangement of
knowledge. In a more distinctive sense, science embraces those
branches of knowledge of which the subject-matter is either ultimate
principles, or facts as explained by principles or laws thus arranged
in natural order. The term literature sometimes denotes all
compositions not embraced under science, but usually confined to the
belles-lettres. [See Literature.] Art is that which depends on
practice and skill in performance. "In science, scimus ut sciamus; in
art, scimus ut producamus. And, therefore, science and art may be
said to be investigations of truth; but one, science, inquires for
the sake of knowledge; the other, art, for the sake of production;
and hence science is more concerned with the higher truths, art with
the lower; and science never is engaged, as art is, in productive
application. And the most perfect state of science, therefore, will
be the most high and accurate inquiry; the perfection of art will be
the most apt and efficient system of rules; art always throwing
itself into the form of rules." Karslake.

SCIENCE
Sci"ence, v. t.

Defn: To cause to become versed in science; to make skilled; to
instruct. [R.] Francis.

SCIENT
Sci"ent, a. Etym: [L. sciens, -entis, p.pr.]

Defn: Knowing; skillful. [Obs.] Cockeram.

SCIENTER
Sci*en"ter, adv. Etym: [L.] (Law)

Defn: Knowingly; willfully. Bouvier.

SCIENTIAL
Sci*en"tial, a. Etym: [LL. scientialis, fr. L. scientic.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or producing, science. [R.] Milton.

SCIENTIFIC
Sci`en*tif"ic, a. Etym: [F. scientifique; L. scientia science +
facere to make.]

1. Of or pertaining to science; used in science; as, scientific
principles; scientific apparatus; scientific observations.

2. Agreeing with, or depending on, the rules or principles of
science; as, a scientific classification; a scientific arrangement of
fossils.

3. Having a knowledge of science, or of a science; evincing science
or systematic knowledge; as, a scientific chemist; a scientific
reasoner; a scientific argument.
Bossuet is as scientific in the structure of his sentences. Lander.
Scientific method, the method employed in exact science and
consisting of: (a) Careful and abundant observation and experiment.
(b) generalization of the results into formulated "Laws" and
statements.

SCIENTIFICAL
Sci`en*tif"ic*al, a.

Defn: Scientific. Locke.

SCIENTIFICALLY
Sci`en*tif"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scientific manner; according to the rules or principles of
science.
It is easier to believe than to be scientifically instructed. Locke.

SCIENTIST
Sci"en*tist, n.

Defn: One learned in science; a scientific investigator; one devoted
to scientific study; a savant. [Recent]

Note: Twenty years ago I ventured to propose one [a name for the
class of men who give their lives to scientific study] which has been
slowly finding its way to general adoption; and the word scientist,
though scarcely euphonious, has gradually assumed its place in our
vocabulary. B. A. Gould (Address, 1869).

SCILICET
Scil"i*cet, adv. Etym: [L., fr. scire licet you may know.]

Defn: To wit; namely; videlicet; -- often abbreviated to sc., or ss.

SCILLAIN
Scil"la*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside extracted from squill (Scilla) as a light porous
substance.

SCILLITIN
Scil"li*tin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. scilistine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter principle extracted from the bulbs of the squill
(Scilla), and probably consisting of a complex mixture of several
substances.

SCIMITER; SCIMITAR
Scim"i*ter , Scim"i*tar, n. Etym: [F. cimeterre, cf. It. scimitarra,
Sp. cimitarra; fr. Biscayan cimetarry with a sharp edge; or corrupted
from Per. shimshir.]

1. A saber with a much curved blade having the edge on the convex
side, -- in use among Mohammedans, esp., the Arabs and persians.
[Written also cimeter, and scymetar.]

2. A long-handled billhook. See Billhook. Scimiter pods (Bot.), the
immense curved woody pods of a leguminous woody climbing plant
(Entada scandens) growing in tropical India and America. They contain
hard round flattish seeds two inches in diameter, which are made into
boxes.

SCINCOID
Scin"coid, a. Etym: [L. scincus a kind of lizard (fr. Gr. -oid. Cf.
Skink.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the family Scincidæ, or skinks.
 -- n.

Defn: A scincoidian.

SCINCOIDEA
Scin*coi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of lizards including the skinks. See Skink.

SCINCOIDIAN
Scin*coid"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of lizards of the family Scincidæ
or tribe Scincoidea. The tongue is not extensile. The body and tail
are covered with overlapping scales, and the toes are margined. See
Illust. under Skink.

SCINIPH
Scin"iph, n. Etym: [L. scinifes, cinifes, or ciniphes, pl., Gr.

Defn: Some kind of stinging or biting insect, as a flea, a gnat, a
sandly, or the like. Ex. viii. 17 (Douay version).

SCINK
Scink, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A skink.

SCINK
Scink, n.

Defn: A slunk calf. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SCINTILLA
Scin*til"la, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A spark; the least particle; an iota; a tittle. R. North.

SCINTILLANT
Scin"til*lant, a. Etym: [L. scintillans, p.pr. of scintillare to
sparkle. See Scintillate.]

Defn: Emitting sparks, or fine igneous particles; sparkling. M.
Green.

SCINTILLATE
Scin"til*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scintillated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Scintillating.] Etym: [L. scintillare, scintillatum, from scintilla a
spark. Cf. Stencil.]

1. To emit sparks, or fine igneous particles.
As the electrical globe only scintillates when rubbed against its
cushion. Sir W. Scott.

2. To sparkle, as the fixed stars.

SCINTILLATION
Scin`til*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. scintillatio: cf. F. scintillation.]

1. The act of scintillating.

2. A spark of flash emitted in scintillating.
These scintillations are . . . the inflammable effluences discharged
from the bodies collided. Sir T. Browne.

SCINTILLOUS
Scin"til*lous, a.

Defn: Scintillant. [R.]

SCINTILLOUSLY
Scin"til*lous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scintillant manner. [R.]

SCIOGRAPHY
Sci*og"ra*phy, n.

Defn: See Sciagraphy.

SCIOLISM
Sci"o*lism, n. Etym: [See Sciolist.]

Defn: The knowledge of a sciolist; superficial knowledge.

SCIOLIST
Sci"o*list, n. Etym: [L. sciolus. See Sciolous.]

Defn: One who knows many things superficially; a pretender to
science; a smatterer.
These passages in that book were enough to humble the presumption of
our modern sciolists, if their pride were not as great as their
ignorance. Sir W. Temple.
A master were lauded and scolists shent. R. Browning.

SCIOLISTIC
Sci`o*lis"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to sciolism, or a sciolist; partaking of
sciolism; resembling a sciolist.

SCIOLOUS
Sci"o*lous, a. Etym: [L. scilus, dim. of scius knowing, fr. scire to
know. See Science.]

Defn: Knowing superficially or imperfectly. Howell.

SCIOMACHY
Sci*om"a*chy, n. Etym: [Gr. sciomachie, sciamachie.]

Defn: A fighting with a shadow; a mock contest; an imaginary or
futile combat. [Written also scimachy.] Cowley.

SCIOMANCY
Sci"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. sciomance, scaimancie.]

Defn: Divination by means of shadows.

SCION
Sci"on, n. Etym: [OF. cion, F. scion, probably fron scier to saw, fr.
L. secare to cut. Cf. Section.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) A shoot or sprout of a plant; a sucker.
(b) A piece of a slender branch or twig cut for grafting. [Formerly
written also cion, and cyon.]

2. Hence, a descendant; an heir; as, a scion of a royal stock.

SCIOPTIC
Sci*op"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. scioptique. See Optic.] (Opt.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an optical arrangement for forming images
in a darkened room, usually called scioptic ball. Scioptic ball
(Opt.), the lens of a camera obscura mounted in a wooden ball which
fits a socket in a window shutter so as to be readily turned, like
the eye, to different parts of the landscape.

SCIOPTICON
Sci*op"ti*con, n. Etym: [NL. See Scioptic.]

Defn: A kind of magic lantorn.

SCIOPTICS
Sci*op"tics, n.

Defn: The art or process of exhibiting luminous images, especially
those of external objects, in a darkened room, by arrangements of
lenses or mirrors.

SCIOPTRIC
Sci*op"tric, a. (Opt.)

Defn: Scioptic.

SCIOT
Sci"ot, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the island Scio (Chio or Chios).
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Scio. [Written also Chiot.]

SCIOTHERIC
Sci`o*ther"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. L. sciothericon Sciatheric.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a sundial. Sciotheric telescope (Dialing),
an instrument consisting of a horizontal dial, with a telescope
attached to it, used for determining the time, whether of day or
night.

SCIOUS
Sci"ous, a. Etym: [L. scius.]

Defn: Knowing; having knowledge. "Brutes may be and are scious."
Coleridge.

SCIRE FACIAS
Sci`re fa"ci*as. Etym: [L., do you cause to know.] (Law)

Defn: A judicial writ, founded upon some record, and requiring the
party proceeded against to show cause why the party bringing it
should not have advantage of such record, or (as in the case of scire
facias to repeal letters patent) why the record should not be
annulled or vacated. Wharton. Bouvier.

SCIRRHOID
Scir"rhoid, a. Etym: [Scirhus + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling scirrhus. Dungliston.

SCIRRHOSITY
Scir*rhos"i*ty, n. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid induration, as of a gland; stste of being scirrhous.

SCIRRHOUS
Scir"rhous, a. Etym: [NL. scirrhosus.] (Med.)

Defn: Proceeding from scirrhus; of the nature of scirrhus; indurated;
knotty; as, scirrhous affections; scirrhous disease. [Written also
skirrhous.]

SCIRRHUS
Scir"rhus, n.; pl. L. Scirrhi, E. Scirrhuses. Etym: [NL., from L.
scirros, Gr. (Med.)
(a) An indurated organ or part; especially, an indurated gland.
[Obs.]
(b) A cancerous tumor which is hard, translucent, of a gray or bluish
color, and emits a creaking sound when incised. [Sometimes
incorrectly written schirrus; written also skirrhus.]

SCISCITATION
Scis`ci*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. sciscitatio, fr. sciscere to seek to
know, v. incho. from scire to know.]

Defn: The act of inquiring; inquiry; demand. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

SCISE
Scise, v. i. Etym: [L. scindere, scissum, to cut, split.]

Defn: To cut; to penetrate. [Obs.]
The wicked steel scised deep in his right side. Fairfax.

SCISSEL
Scis"sel, n. Etym: [Cf. Scissile.]

1. The clippings of metals made in various mechanical operations.

2. The slips or plates of metal out of which circular balnks have
been cut for the purpose of coinage.

SCISSIBLE
Scis"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. scindere, scissum, to

Defn: Capable of being cut or divided by a sharp instrument. [R.]
con.

SCISSIL
Scis"sil, n.

Defn: See Scissel.

SCISSILE
Scis"sile, a. Etym: [L. scissilis, fr. scindere, scissum, to cut, to
split: cf. F. scissile. See Schism.]

Defn: Capable of being cut smoothly; scissible. [R.] Arbuthnot.

SCISSION
Scis"sion, n. Etym: [L. scissio, fr. scindere, scis, to cut, to
split: cf. F. scission.]

Defn: The act of dividing with an instrument having a sharp edge.
Wiseman.

SCISSIPARITY
Scis`si*par"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. scissus (p.p. of scindere to split) +
parere to bring forth: cf.F. scissiparité.] (Biol.)

Defn: Reproduction by fission.

SCISSOR
Scis"sor, v. t.

Defn: To cut with scissors or shears; to prepare with the aid of
scissors. Massinger.

SCISSORS
Scis"sors, n. pl. Etym: [OE. sisoures, OF. cisoires (cf. F. ciseaux),
probably fr. LL. cisorium a cutting instrument, fr. L. caedere to
cut. Cf. Chisel, Concise. The modern spelling is due to a mistaken
derivation from L. scissor one who cleaves or divides, fr. scindere,
scissum, to cut, spilt.]

Defn: A cutting instrument resembling shears, but smaller, consisting
of two cutting blades with handles, movable on a pin in the center,
by which they are held together. Often called a pair of scissors.
[Formerly written also cisors, cizars, and scissars.] Scissors
grinder (Zoöl.), the European goatsucker. [Prov. Eng.]

SCISSORSBILL
Scis"sors*bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Skimmer.

SCISSORSTAIL
Scis"sors*tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tyrant flycatcher (Milvulus forficatus) of the Southern
United States and Mexico, which has a deeply forked tail. It is light
gray above, white beneath, salmon on the flanks, and fiery red at the
base of the crown feathers.

SCISSORS-TAILED
Scis"sors-tailed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the outer feathers much the longest, the others
decreasing regularly to the median ones.

SCISSURE
Scis"sure, n. Etym: [L. scissura, from scindere, scissum, to cut,
spilt.]

Defn: A longitudinal opening in a body, made by cutting; a cleft; a
fissure. Hammond.

SCITAMINEOUS
Scit`a*min"e*ous, a. Etym: [NL. sciamineosus, fr. Scitamineze, fr. L.
scitamentum a delicacy, dainty.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Scitamimeæ),
mostly tropical herbs, including the ginger, Indian shot, banana, and
the plants producing turmeric and arrowroot.

SCIURINE
Sci"u*rine, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sciurien. See Sciurus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Squirrel family.
 -- n.

Defn: A rodent of the Squirrel family.

SCIUROID
Sci"u*roid, a. Etym: [Sciurus + -oid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling the tail of a squirrel; -- generally said of
branches which are close and dense, or of spikes of grass like
barley.

SCIUROMORPHA
Sci`u*ro*mor"pha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sciurus squirrel + Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of rodents containing the squirrels and allied animals,
such as the gophers, woodchucks, beavers, and others.

SCIURUS
Sci*u"rus, n. Etym: [L., a squirrel, Gr. Squirrel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of reodents comprising the common squirrels.

SCLAFF
Sclaff, v. i.  [imp. & p. p. Sclaffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sclaffing.]
[Orig. uncert.]

1. To scuff or shuffle along. [Scot.]

2.  (Golf) To scrape the ground with the sole of the club, before
striking the ball, in making a stroke.

SCLAFF
Sclaff, n.  [Scot.]

1. A slight blow; a slap; a soft fall; also, the accompanying noise.

2.  (Golf) The stroke made by one who sclaffs.

3.  A thin, solid substance, esp. a thin shoe or slipper.

SCLAFF
Sclaff, v. t. (Golf)

Defn: To scrape (the club) on the ground, in a stroke, before hitting
the ball; also, to make (a stroke) in that way.

SCLAUNDRE
Sclaun"dre, n.

Defn: Slander. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SCLAV; SCLAVE
Sclav, Sclave, n.

Defn: Same as Slav.

SCLAVIC
Sclav"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Slavic.

SCLAVISM
Sclav"ism, n.

Defn: Same as Slavism.

SCLAVONIAN
Scla*vo"nian, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Slavonian.

SCLAVONIC
Scla*von"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Slavonic.

SCLENDER
Sclen"der, a.

Defn: Slender. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SCLERAGOGY
Scler"a*go`gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Severe discipline. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket.

SCLEREMA
Scle*re"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Induration of the cellular tissue. Sclerema of adults. See
Scleroderma.
 -- Sclerema neonatorum ( Etym: [NL., of the newborn], an affection
characterized by a peculiar hardening and rigidity of the cutaneous
and subcutaneous tissues in the newly born. It is usually fatal.
Called also skinbound disease.

SCLERENCHYMA
Scle*ren"chy*ma, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -enchyma as in parenchyma.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Vegetable tissue composed of short cells with thickened or
hardened walls, as in nutshells and the gritty parts of a pear. See
Sclerotic.

Note: By recent german writers and their English translation, this
term is used for liber cells. Goodale.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hard calcareous deposit in the tissues of Anthozoa,
constituing the stony corals.

SCLERENCHYMATOUS
Scler`en*chym"a*tous, a. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or composed of, sclerenchyma.

SCLERENCHYME
Scle*ren"chyme, n.

Defn: Sclerenchyma.

SCLERIASIS
Scle*ri"a*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. (Med.)
(a) A morbid induration of the edge of the eyelid.
(b) Induration of any part, including scleroderma.

SCLERITE
Scle"rite, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hard chitinous or calcareous process or corpuscle, especially
a spicule of the Alcyonaria.

SCLERITIS
Scle*ri"tis, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Sclerottis.

SCLEROBASE
Scler"o*base ( or ), n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The calcareous or hornlike coral forming the central stem or
axis of most compound alcyonarians; -- called also foot secretion.
See Illust. under Gorgoniacea, and Coenenchyma.
 -- Scler`o*ba"sic, a.

SCLERODERM
Scler"o*derm ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [Gr. scléroderme.]
(a) (Zoöl.) One of a tribe of plectognath fishes (Sclerodermi) having
the skin covered with hard scales, or plates, as the cowfish and the
trunkfish.
(b) One of the Sclerodermata.
(c) Hardened, or bony, integument of various animals.

SCLERODERMA
Scler`o*der"ma, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease of adults, characterized by a diffuse rigidity and
hardness of the skin.

SCLERODERMATA
Scler`o*der"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The stony corals; the Madreporaria.

SCLERODERMIC; SCLERODERMOUS
Scler`o*der"mic, Scler`o*der"mous, (Zoöl.)
(a) Having the integument, or skin, hard, or covered with hard
plates.
(b) Of or pertaining to the Sclerodermata.

SCLERODERMITE
Scler`o*der"mite, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The hard integument of Crustacea.
(b) Sclerenchyma.

SCLEROGEN
Scler"o*gen ( or ), n. Etym: [Gr. sklhro`s hard + -gen.] (Bot.)

Defn: The thickening matter of woody cells; lignin.

SCLEROGENOUS
Scle*rog"e*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. sklhro`s hard + -genous.] (Anat.)

Defn: Making or secreting a hard substance; becoming hard.

SCLEROID
Scle"roid, a. Etym: [Gr. sklhro`s hard + (Bot.)

Defn: Having a hard texture, as nutshells.

SCLEROMA
Scle*ro"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. sklhro`s hard + -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: Induration of the tissues. See Sclerma, Scleroderma, and
Sclerosis.

SCLEROMETER
Scle*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. sklhro`s hard + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for determining with accuracy the degree of
hardness of a mineral.

SCLEROSED
Scle*rosed", a.

Defn: Affected with sclerosis.

SCLEROSIS
Scle*ro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (sklhro`s hard.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Induration; hardening; especially, that form of induration
produced in an organ by increase of its interstitial connective
tissue.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Hardening of the cell wall by lignification. Cerebro-spinal
sclerosis (Med.), an affection in which patches of hardening,
produced by increase of the neuroglia and atrophy of the true nerve
tissue, are found scattered throughout the brain and spinal cord. It
is associated with complete or partial paralysis, a peculiar jerking
tremor of the muscles, headache, and vertigo, and is usually fatal.
Called also multiple, disseminated, or insular, sclerosis.

SCLEROSKELETON
Scle`ro*skel"e*ton, n. Etym: [Gr. skeleton.] (Anat.)

Defn: That part of the skeleton which is developed in tendons,
ligaments, and aponeuroses.

SCLEROTAL
Scle*ro"tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Sclerotic.
 -- n.

Defn: The optic capsule; the sclerotic coat of the eye. Owen.

SCLEROTIC
Scle*rot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. sclérotique.]

1. Hard; firm; indurated; -- applied especially in anatomy to the
firm outer coat of the eyeball, which is often cartilaginous and
sometimes bony.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sclerotic coat of the eye; sclerotical.

3. (Med.) Affected with sclerosis; sclerosed. Sclerotic parenchyma
(Bot.), sclerenchyma. By some writers a distinction is made,
sclerotic parenchyma being applied to tissue composed of cells with
the walls hardened but not thickened, and sclerenchyma to tissue
composed of cells with the walls both hardened and thickened.

SCLEROTIC
Scle*rot"ic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sclérotique.] (Anat.)

Defn: The sclerotic coat of the eye. See Illust. of Eye (d).

SCLEROTIC
Scle*rot"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from ergot or
the sclerotium of a fungus growing on rye.

SCLEROTICAL
Scle*rot"ic*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Sclerotic.

SCLEROTITIS
Scler`o*ti"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Sclerotic, and -rris.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the sclerotic coat.

SCLEROTIUM
Scle*ro"ti*um, n.; pl. Sclerotia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A hardened body formed by certain fungi, as by the Claviceps
purpurea, which produced ergot.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The nature or resting stage of a plasmodium.

SCLEROTOME
Scler"o*tome ( or ), n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the bony, cartilaginous, or membranous partitoins which
separate the myotomes.
 -- Scler`o*tom"ic, a.

SCLEROUS
Scle"rous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Hard; indurated; sclerotic.

SCOAT
Scoat, v. t.

Defn: To prop; to scotch. [Prov. Eng.]

SCOBBY
Scob"by, n.

Defn: The chaffinch. [Prov. Eng.]

SCOBIFORM
Scob"i*form, a. Etym: [L. scobs, or scobis, sawdust, scrapings + -
form: cf. F. scobiforme.]

Defn: Having the form of, or resembling, sawdust or raspings.

SCOBS
Scobs, n. sing. & pl. Etym: [L. scobs, or scobis, fr. scabere to
scrape.]

1. Raspings of ivory, hartshorn, metals, or other hard substance.
Chambers.

2. The dross of metals.

SCOFF
Scoff, n. Etym: [OE. scof; akin to OFries. schof, OHG. scoph, Icel.
skaup, and perh. to E. shove.]

1. Derision; ridicule; mockery; derisive or mocking expression of
scorn, contempt, or reproach.
With scoffs, and scorns, and contumelious taunts. Shak.

2. An object of scorn, mockery, or derision.
The scoff of withered age and beardless youth. Cowper.

SCOFF
Scoff, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scoffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Scoffing.] Etym:
[Cf. Dan. skuffe to deceive, delude, Icel. skopa to scoff, OD.
schoppen. See Scoff, n.]

Defn: To show insolent ridicule or mockery; to manifest contempt by
derisive acts or language; -- often with at.
Thuth from his lips prevailed with double sway, And fools who came to
scoff, remained to pray. Goldsmith.

Syn.
 -- To sneer; mock; gibe; jeer. See Sneer.

SCOFF
Scoff, v. t.

Defn: To treat or address with derision; to assail scornfully; to
mock at.
To scoff religion is ridiculously proud and immodest. Glanwill.

SCOFFER
Scoff"er, n.

Defn: One who scoffs. 2 Pet. iii. 3.

SCOFFERY
Scoff"er*y, n.

Defn: The act of scoffing; scoffing conduct; mockery. Holinshed.

SCOFFINGLY
Scoff"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scoffing manner. Broome.

SCOKE
Scoke, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Poke (Phytolacca decandra).

SCOLAY
Sco*lay", v. i.

Defn: See Scoley. [Obs.]

SCOLD
Scold, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scolded; p. pr. & vb. n. Scolding.] Etym:
[Akin to D. schelden, G. schelten, OHG. sceltan, Dan. skielde.]

Defn: To find fault or rail with rude clamor; to brawl; to utter
harsh, rude, boisterous rebuke; to chide sharply or coarsely; --
often with at; as, to scold at a servant.
Pardon me, lords, 't is the first time ever I was forced to scold.
Shak.

SCOLD
Scold, v. t.

Defn: To chide with rudeness and clamor; to rate; also, to rebuke or
reprove with severity.

SCOLD
Scold, n.

1. One who scolds, or makes a practice of scolding; esp., a rude,
clamorous woman; a shrew.
She is an irksome, brawling scold. Shak.

2. A scolding; a brawl.

SCOLDER
Scold"er, n.

1. One who scolds.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The oyster catcher; -- so called from its shrill cries.
(b) The old squaw. [Local U.S.]

SCOLDING
Scold"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Scold, v. Scolding bridle, an iron frame. See
Brank, n., 2.

SCOLDINGLY
Scold"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scolding manner.

SCOLE
Scole, n.

Defn: School. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SCOLECIDA
Sco*le"ci*da ( or ), n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Scolex.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Helminthes.

SCOLECITE
Scol"e*cite ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A zeolitic mineral occuring in delicate radiating groups of
white crystals. It is a hydrous silicate of aluminia and lime. Called
also lime mesotype.

SCOLECOMORPHA
Sco*le`co*mor"pha (, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Solex, -morphous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Scolecida.

SCOLEX
Sco"lex, n.; pl. Scoleces. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) The embryo produced directly from the egg in a metagenetic
series, especially the larva of a tapeworm or other parasitic worm.
See Illust. of Echinococcus.
(b) One of the Scolecida.

SCOLEY
Sco*ley", v. i. Etym: [Cf. OF. escoler to teach. See School.]

Defn: To go to school; to study. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SCOLIOSIS
Sco`li*o"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A lateral curvature of the spine.

SCOLITHUS
Scol"i*thus ( or ), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A tubular structure found in Potsdam sandstone, and believed to
be the fossil burrow of a marine worm.

SCOLLOP
Scol"lop, n. & v.

Defn: See Scallop.

SCOLOPACINE
Scol`o*pa"cine, a. Etym: [L. scolopax a snipe, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Scolopacidæ, or Snipe family.

SCOLOPENDRA
Scol`o*pen"dra, n. Etym: [L., a kind of multiped, fr. Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of venomous myriapods including the centipeds. See
Centiped.

2. A sea fish. [R.] Spenser.

SCOLOPENDRINE
Scol`o*pen"drine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the Scolopendra.

SCOLYTID
Scol"y*tid, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small bark-boring beetles of the
genus Scolytus and allied genera. Also used adjectively.

SCOMBER
Scom"ber, n. Etym: [L., a mackerel, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of acanthopterygious fishes which includes the common
mackerel.

SCOMBEROID
Scom"ber*oid, a. & n. Etym: [Cf. F. scomnéroïde.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Scombroid.

SCOMBRIFORMES
Scom`bri*for"mes, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of fishes including the mackerels, tunnies, and
allied fishes.

SCOMBROID
Scom"broid, a. Etym: [Scomber + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the Mackerel family.
 -- n.

Defn: Any fish of the family Scombridæ, of which the mackerel
(Scomber) is the type.

SCOMFISH
Scom"fish ( or ), v. t. & i.

Defn: To suffocate or stifle; to smother. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

SCOMFIT
Scom"fit, n. & v.

Defn: Discomfit. [Obs.]

SCOMM
Scomm, n. Etym: [L. scomma a taunt, jeer, scoff, Gr.

1. A bufoon. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

2. A flout; a jeer; a gibe; a taunt. [Obs.] Fortherby.

SCONCE
Sconce, n. Etym: [D. schans, OD. schantse, perhaps from OF. esconse a
hiding place, akin to esconser to hide, L. absconsus, p. p. of
abscondere. See Abscond, and cf. Ensconce, Sconce a candlestick.]

1. A fortification, or work for defense; a fort.
No sconce or fortress of his raising was ever known either to have
been forced, or yielded up, or quitted. Milton.

2. A hut for protection and shelter; a stall.
One that . . . must raise a sconce by the highway and sell switches.
Beau. & Fl.

3. A piece of armor for the head; headpiece; helmet.
I must get a sconce for my head. Shak.

4. Fig.: The head; the skull; also, brains; sense; discretion.
[Colloq.]
To knock him about the sconce with a dirty shovel. Shak.

5. A poll tax; a mulct or fine. Johnson.

6. Etym: [OF. esconse a dark lantern, properly, a hiding place. See
Etymol. above.]

Defn: A protection for a light; a lantern or cased support for a
candle; hence, a fixed hanging or projecting candlestick.
Tapers put into lanterns or sconces of several-colored, oiled paper,
that the wind might not annoy them. Evelyn.
Golden sconces hang not on the walls. Dryden.

7. Hence, the circular tube, with a brim, in a candlestick, into
which the candle is inserted.

8. (Arch.)

Defn: A squinch.

9. A fragment of a floe of ice. Kane.

10. Etym: [Perhaps a different word.]

Defn: A fixed seat or shelf. [Prov. Eng.]

SCONCE
Sconce, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sconced; p. pr. & vb. n. Sconcing.]

1. To shut up in a sconce; to imprison; to insconce. [Obs.]
Immure him, sconce him, barricade him in 't. Marston.

2. To mulct; to fine. [Obs.] Milton.

SCONCHEON
Scon"cheon, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A squinch.

SCONE
Scone, n.

Defn: A cake, thinner than a bannock, made of wheat or barley or oat
meal. [Written variously, scon, skone, skon, etc.] [Scot.] Burns.

SCOOP
Scoop, n. Etym: [OE. scope, of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. skopa, akin to
D. schop a shovel, G. schüppe, and also to E. shove. See Shovel.]

1. A large ladle; a vessel with a long handle, used for dipping
liquids; a utensil for bailing boats.

2. A deep shovel, or any similar implement for digging out and
dipping or shoveling up anything; as, a flour scoop; the scoop of a
dredging machine.

3. (Surg.)

Defn: A spoon-shaped instrument, used in extracting certain
substances or foreign bodies.

4. A place hollowed out; a basinlike cavity; a hollow.
Some had lain in the scoop of the rock. J. R. Drake.

5. A sweep; a stroke; a swoop.

6. The act of scooping, or taking with a scoop or ladle; a motion
with a scoop, as in dipping or shoveling. Scoop net, a kind of hand
net, used in fishing; also, a net for sweeping the bottom of a river.
 -- Scoop wheel, a wheel for raising water, having scoops or buckets
attached to its circumference; a tympanum.

SCOOP
Scoop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scooped; p. pr. & vb. n. Scooping.] Etym:
[OE. scopen. See Scoop, n.]

1. To take out or up with, a scoop; to lade out.
He scooped the water from the crystal flood. Dryden.

2. To empty by lading; as, to scoop a well dry.

3. To make hollow, as a scoop or dish; to excavate; to dig out; to
form by digging or excavation.
Those carbuncles the Indians will scoop, so as to hold above a pint.
Arbuthnot.

SCOOPER
Scoop"er, n.

1. One who, or that which scoops.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The avocet; -- so called because it scoops up the mud to obtain
food.

SCOOT
Scoot, v. i.

Defn: To walk fast; to go quickly; to run hastily away. [Colloq. &
Humorous, U.S.]

SCOPARIN
Sco"pa*rin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow gelatinous or crystalline substance found in broom
(Cytisus scoparius) accompanying sparteïne.

SCOPATE
Sco"pate, a. Etym: [L. scopae, scopa, a broom.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the surface closely covered with hairs, like a brush.

-SCOPE
-scope (. Etym: [Gr. skopo`s a watcher, spy. See Scope.]

Defn: A combining form usually signifying an instrument for viewing
(with the eye) or observing (in any way); as in microscope,
telescope, altoscope, anemoscope.

SCOPE
Scope, n. Etym: [It. scopo, L. scopos a mark, aim, Gr. skopo`s, a
watcher, mark, aim; akin to spy. Cf. Skeptic, Bishop.]

1. That at which one aims; the thing or end to which the mind directs
its view; that which is purposed to be reached or accomplished;
hence, ultimate design, aim, or purpose; intention; drift; object.
"Shooting wide, do miss the marked scope." Spenser.
Your scope is as mine own, So to enforce or quality the laws As to
your soul seems good. Shak.
The scope of all their pleading against man's authority, is to
overthrow such laws and constitutions in the church. Hooker.

2. Room or opportunity for free outlook or aim; space for action;
amplitude of opportunity; free course or vent; liberty; range of
view; intent, or action.
Give him line and scope. Shak.
In the fate and fortunes of the human race, scope is given to the
operation of laws which man must always fail to discern the reasons
of. I. Taylor.
Excuse me if I have given too much scope to the reflections which
have arisen in my mind. Burke.
An intellectual cultivation of no moderate depth or scope. Hawthorne.

3. Extended area. [Obs.] "The scopes of land granted to the first
adventurers." Sir J. Davies.

4. Length; extent; sweep; as, scope of cable. v. t. To look at for
the purpose of evaluation; usu with out; as, to scope out the area as
a camping site.

SCOPELINE
Sco"pe*line, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Scopeloid.

SCOPELOID
Sco"pe*loid, a. Etym: [NL. Scopelus, typical genus (fr. Gr. -oid.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to fishes of the genus Scopelus, or family
Scopelodæ, which includes many small oceanic fishes, most of which
are phosphorescent.
 -- n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fish of the family Scopelidæ.

SCOPIFEROUS
Sco*pif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. scopae, scopa + -ferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Bearing a tuft of brushlike hairs.

SCOPIFORM
Sco"pi*form, a. Etym: [L. scopae, scopa, a broom + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of a broom or besom. "Zeolite, stelliform or
scopiform." Kirwan.

SCOPIPED
Sco"pi*ped, n. Etym: [L. scopae, scopa, a broom + pes, pedis, a
foot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Scopuliped.

SCOPPET
Scop"pet, v. t. Etym: [From Scoop, v. t.]

Defn: To lade or dip out. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

SCOPS OWL
Scops" owl`. Etym: [NL. scops, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small owls of the genus Scops
having ear tufts like those of the horned owls, especially the
European scops owl (Scops giu), and the American screech owl. (S.
Asio).

SCOPTIC; SCOPTICAL
Scop"tic, Scop"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Jesting; jeering; scoffing. [Obs.] South.
 -- Scop"tic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.]

SCOPULA
Scop"u*la, n.; pl. E. Scopulas, L. Scopulæ. Etym: [L. scopulae, pl. a
little broom.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A peculiar brushlike organ found on the foot of spiders and used
in the construction of the web.
(b) A special tuft of hairs on the leg of a bee.

SCOPULIPED
Scop"u*li*ped, n. Etym: [L. scopulae, pl., a little broom (fr. scopae
a broom) + pes, pedis, foot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of bee which has on the hind legs a brush of hairs
used for collecting pollen, as the hive bees and bumblebees.

SCOPULOUS
Scop"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. scopulosus, fr. scopulus a rock, Gr.

Defn: Full of rocks; rocky. [Obs.]

SCORBUTE
Scor"bute, n. Etym: [LL. scorbutus: cf. F. scorbut. See Scurvy, n.]

Defn: Scurry. [Obs.] Purchas.

SCORBUTIC; SCORBUTICAL
Scor*bu"tic, Scor*bu"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. scorbutique.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to scurvy; of the nature of, or resembling,
scurvy; diseased with scurvy; as, a scorbutic person; scorbutic
complaints or symptoms.
 -- Scor*bu"tic*al*ly, adv.

SCORBUTUS
Scor*bu"tus, n. Etym: [LL. See Scorbute.] (Med.)

Defn: Scurvy.

SCORCE
Scorce, n.

Defn: Barter. [Obs.] See Scorse.

SCORCH
Scorch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scorched; p. pr. & vb. n. Scorching.]
Etym: [OE. scorchen, probably akin to scorcnen; cf. Norw. skrokken
shrunk up, skrekka, skrökka, to shrink, to become wrinkled up, dial.
Sw. skråkkla to wrinkle (see Shrug); but perhaps influenced by OF.
escorchier to strip the bark from, to flay, to skin, F. écorcher, LL.
excorticare; L. ex from + cortex, -icis, bark (cf. Cork); because the
skin falls off when scorched.]

1. To burn superficially; to parch, or shrivel, the surface of, by
heat; to subject to so much heat as changes color and texture without
consuming; as, to scorch linen.
Summer drouth or singed air never scorch thy tresses fair. Milton.

2. To affect painfully with heat, or as with heat; to dry up with
heat; to affect as by heat.
Lashed by mad rage, and scorched by brutal fires. Prior.

3. To burn; to destroy by, or as by, fire.
Power was given unto him to scorch men with fire. Rev. xvi. 8.
The fire that scorches me to death. Dryden.

SCORCH
Scorch, v. i.

1. To be burnt on the surface; to be parched; to be dried up.
Scatter a little mungy straw or fern amongst your seedlings, to
prevent the roots from scorching. Mortimer.

2. To burn or be burnt.
he laid his long forefinger on the scarlet letter, which forthwith
seemed to scoch into Hester's breast, as if it had been red hot.
Hawthorne.

SCORCHING
Scorch"ing, a.

Defn: Burning; parching or shriveling with heat.
 -- Scorch"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Scorch"ing*ness, n.

SCORE
Score, n. Etym: [AS. scor twenty, fr. sceran, scieran, to shear, cut,
divice; or rather the kindred Icel. skor incision, twenty, akin to
Dan. skure a notch, Sw. skåra. See Shear.]

1. A notch or incision; especially, one that is made as a tally mark;
hence, a mark, or line, made for the purpose of account.
Whereas, before, our forefathers had no other books but the score and
the tally, thou hast caused printing to be used. Shak.

2. An account or reckoning; account of dues; bill; hence,
indebtedness.
He parted well, and paid his score. Shak.

3. Account; reason; motive; sake; behalf.
But left the trade, as many more Have lately done on the same score.
Hudibras.
You act your kindness in Cydria's score. Dryden.

4. The number twenty, as being marked off by a special score or
tally; hence, in pl., a large number.
Amongst three or four score hogsheads. Shak.
At length the queen took upon herself to grant patents of monopoly by
score. Macaulay.

5. A distance of twenty yards; -- a term used in ancient archery and
gunnery. Halliwell.

6. A weight of twenty pounds. [Prov. Eng.]

7. The number of points gained by the contestants, or either of them,
in any game, as in cards or cricket.

8. line drawn; a groove or furrow.

9. (Mus.)

Defn: The original and entire draught, or its transcript, of a
composition, with the parts for all the different instruments or
voices written on staves one above another, so that they can be read
at a glance; -- so called from the bar, which, in its early use, was
drawn through all the parts. Moore (Encyc. of Music). In score
(Mus.), having all the parts arranged and placed in juxtaposition.
Smart.
 -- To quit scores, to settle or balance accounts; to render an
equivalent; to make compensation.
Does not the earth quit scores with all the elements in the noble
fruits that issue from it South.

SCORE
Score, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scored; p. pr. & vb. n. Scoring.]

1. To mark with lines, scratches, or notches; to cut notches or
furrows in; to notch; to scratch; to furrow; as, to score timber for
hewing; to score the back with a lash.
Let us score their backs. Shak.
A briar in that tangled wilderness Had scored her white right hand.
M. Arnold.

2. Especially, to mark with significant lines or notches, for
indicating or keeping account of something; as, to score a tally.

3. To mark or signify by lines or notches; to keep record or account;
to set down; to record; to charge.
Madam, I know when, Instead of five, you scored me ten. Swift.
Nor need I tallies thy dear love to score. Shak.

4. To engrave, as upon a shield. [R.] Spenser.

5. To make a score of, as points, runs, etc., in a game.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: To write down in proper order and arrangement; as, to score an
overture for an orchestra. See Score, n., 9.

7. (Geol.)

Defn: To mark with parallel lines or scratches; as, the rocks of New
England and the Western States were scored in the drift epoch.

SCORER
Scor"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, scores.

SCORIA
Sco"ri*a, n.; pl. Scorlæ. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. The recrement of metals in fusion, or the slag rejected after the
eduction of metallic ores; dross.

2. Cellular slaggy lava; volcanic cinders.

SCORIAC
Sco"ri*ac, a.

Defn: Scoriaceous. E. A. Poe.

SCORIACEOUS
Sco`ri*a"ceous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. scoriacé.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to scoria; like scoria or the recrement of
metals; partaking of the nature of scoria.

SCORIE
Sco"rie, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The young of any gull. [Written also scaurie.] [prov. Eng.]

SCORIFICATION
Sco`ri*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. scorification. See Scorify.]
(Chem.)

Defn: The act, process, or result of scorifying, or reducing to a
slag; hence, the separation from earthy matter by means of a slag;
as, the scorification of ores.

SCORIFIER
Sco"ri*fi`er, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One who, or that which, scorifies; specifically, a small flat
bowl-shaped cup used in the first heating in assaying, to remove the
earth and gangue, and to concentrate the gold and silver in a lead
button.

SCORIFORM
Sco"ri*form, a.

Defn: In the form of scoria.

SCORIFY
Sco"ri*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scorified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Scorifying.] Etym: [Scoria + -fy: cf. F. scorifier.] (Chem.)

Defn: To reduce to scoria or slag; specifically, in assaying, to fuse
so as to separate the gangue and earthy material, with borax, lead,
soda, etc., thus leaving the gold and silver in a lead button; hence,
to separate from, or by means of, a slag.

SCORIOUS
Sco"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Scoriaceous. Sir T. Browne.

SCORN
Scorn, n. Etym: [OE. scorn, scarn, scharn, OF. escarn, escharn,
eschar, of German origin; cf. OHG. skern mockery, skern to mock; but
cf. also OF. escorner to mock.]

1. Extreme and lofty contempt; haughty disregard; that disdain which
aprings from the opinion of the utter meanness and unworthiness of an
object.
Scorn at first makes after love the more. Shak.
And wandered backward as in scorn, To wait an æon to be born.
Emerson.

2. An act or expression of extreme contempt.
Every sullen frown and bitter scorn But fanned the fuel that too fast
did burn. Dryden.

3. An object of extreme disdain, contempt, or derision.
Thou makest us a reproach to our neighbors, a scorn and a derision to
them that are round about us. Ps. xliv. 13.
To think scorn, to regard as worthy of scorn or contempt; to disdain.
"He thought scorn to lay hands on Mordecai alone." Esther iii. 6.
 -- To laugh to scorn, to deride; to make a mock of; to redicule as
contemptible.

Syn.
 -- Contempt; disdain; derision; contumely; despite; slight;
dishonor; mockery.

SCORN
Scorn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scorned; p. pr. & vb. n. Scoring.] Etym:
[OE. scornen, scarnen, schornen, OF. escarning, escharnir. See Scorn,
n.]

1. To hold in extreme contempt; to reject as unworthy of regard; to
despise; to contemn; to disdain.
I scorn thy meat; 't would choke me. Shak.
This my long sufference, and my day of grace, Those who neglect and
scorn shall never taste. Milton.
We scorn what is in itself contemptible or disgraceful. C. J. Smith.

2. To treat with extreme contempt; to make the object of insult; to
mock; to scoff at; to deride.
His fellow, that lay by his bed's side, Gan for to laugh, and scorned
him full fast. Chaucer.
To taunt and scorn you thus opprobriously. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To contemn; despise; disdain. See Contemn.

SCORN
Scorn, v. i.

Defn: To scoff; to act disdainfully.
He said mine eyes were black and my hair black, And, now I
remembered, scorned at me. Shak.

SCORNER
Scorn"er, n.

Defn: One who scorns; a despiser; a contemner; specifically, a
scoffer at religion. "Great scorners of death." Spenser.
Superly he scorneth the scorners: but he giveth grace unto the lowly.
Prov. iii. 34.

SCORNFUL
Scorn"ful, a.

1. Full of scorn or contempt; contemptuous; disdainful.
Scornful of winter's frost and summer's sun. Prior.
Dart not scornful glances from those eyes. Shak.

2. Treated with scorn; exciting scorn. [Obs.]
The scornful mark of every open eye. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Contemptuous; disdainful; contumelious; reproachful; insolent.
 -- Scorn"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Scorn"ful*ness, n.

SCORNY
Scorn"y, a.

Defn: Deserving scorn; paltry. [Obs.]

SCORODITE
Scor"o*dite, n. Etym: [G. scorodit; -- so called in allusion to its
smell under the blowpipe, from Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A leek-green or brownish mineral occurring in orthorhombic
crystals. It is a hydrous arseniate of iron. [Written also
skorodite.]

SCORPAENOID
Scor*pæ"noid, a. Etym: [NL. Scorpaena, a typical genus (see Scorpene)
+ -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the family Scorpænidæ, which includes the
scorpene, the rosefish, the California rockfishes, and many other
food fishes. [Written also scorpænid.] See Illust. under Rockfish.

SCORPENE
Scor"pene, n. Etym: [F. scorpène, fr. L. scorpaena a kind of fish,
Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine food fish of the genus Scorpæna, as the European
hogfish (S. scrofa), and the California species (S. guttata).

SCORPER
Scor"per, n.

Defn: Same as Scauper.

SCORPIO
Scor"pi*o, n.; pl. Scorpiones. Etym: [L.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A scorpion.

2. (Astron.)
(a) The eighth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about the
twenty-third day of October, marked thus [scorpio] in almanacs.
(b) A constellation of the zodiac containing the bright star Antares.
It is drawn on the celestial globe in the figure of a scorpion.

SCORPIODEA
Scor`pi*o"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Scorpiones.

SCORPIOID; SCORPIOIDAL
Scor"pi*oid, Scor`pi*oid"al, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Having the inflorescence curved or circinate at the end, like a
scorpion's tail.

SCORPION
Scor"pi*on, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. scorpio, scorpius, Gr. sharp.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of pulmonate arachnids of the order
scorpiones, having a suctorial mouth, large claw-bearing palpi, and a
caudal sting.

Note: Scorpions have a flattened body, and a long, slender post-
abdomen formed of six movable segments, the last of which terminates
in a curved venomous sting. The venom causes great pain, but is
unattended either with redness or swelling, except in the axillary or
inguinal glands, when an extremity is affected. It is seldom if ever
destructive of life. Scorpions are found widely dispersed in the warm
climates of both the Old and New Worlds.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pine or gray lizard (Sceloporus undulatus). [Local, U.S.]

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: the scorpene.

4. (Script.)

Defn: A painful scourge.
My father hath chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with
scorpions. 1 Kings xii. 11.

5. (Astron.)

Defn: A sign and constellation. See Scorpio.

6. (Antiq.)

Defn: An ancient military engine for hurling stones and other
missiles. Book scorpion. (Zoöl.) See under Book.
 -- False scorpion. (Zoöl.) See under False, and Book scorpion.
 -- Scorpion bug, or Water scorpion (Zoöl.) See Nepa.
 -- Scorpion fly (Zoöl.), a neuropterous insect of the genus Panorpa.
See Panorpid.
 -- Scorpion grass (Bot.), a plant of the genus Myosotis. M.
palustris is the forget-me-not.
 -- Sorpion senna (Bot.), a yellow-flowered leguminous shrub
(Coronilla Emerus) having a slender joined pod, like a scorpion's
tail. The leaves are said to yield a dye like indigo, and to be used
sometimes to adulterate senna.
 -- Scorpion shell (Zoöl.), any shell of the genus Pteroceras. See
Pteroceras.
 -- Scorpion spiders. (Zoöl.), any one of the Pedipalpi.
 -- Scorpion's tail (Bot.), any plant of the leguminous genus
Scorpiurus, herbs with a circinately coiled pod; -- also called
caterpillar.
 -- Scorpion's thorn (Bot.), a thorny leguminous plant (Genista
Scorpius) of Southern Europe.
 -- The Scorpion's Heart (Astron.), the star Antares in the
constellation Scorpio.

SCORPIONES
Scor`pi*o"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of arachnids comprising the scorpions.

SCORPIONIDEA
Scor`pi*o*nid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Scorpiones.

SCORPIONWORT
Scor"pi*on*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A leguminous plant (Ornithopus scorpides) of Southern Europe,
having curved pods.

SCORSE
Scorse ( or ), n. Etym: [Cf. It. scorsa a course, and E. discourse.]

Defn: Barter; exchange; trade. [Obs.]
And recompensed them with a better scorse. Spenser.

SCORSE
Scorse, v. t. Etym: [Written also scourse, and scoss.]

1. To barter or exchange. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To chase. [Obs.] Spenser.

SCORSE
Scorse, v. i.

Defn: To deal for the purchase of anything; to practice barter.
[Obs.] B. Jonson.

SCORTATORY
Scor"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. scorator a fornicator, from scortari to
fornicate, scortum a prostitute.]

Defn: Pertaining to lewdness or fornication; lewd.

SCOT
Scot, n.

Defn: A name for a horse. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SCOT
Scot, n. Etym: [Cf. L. Skoti, pl., AS. Scotta, pl. Skottas,
Sceottas.]

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Scotland; a Scotsman, or Scotchman.

SCOT
Scot, n. Etym: [Icel. skot; or OF. escot, F. écot, LL. scottum,
scotum, from a kindred German word; akin to AS. scot, and E. shot,
shoot; cf. AS. sceótan to shoot, to contribute. See Shoot, and cf.
Shot.]

Defn: A portion of money assessed or paid; a tax or contribution; a
mulct; a fine; a shot. Scot and lot, formerly, a parish assessment
laid on subjects according to their ability. [Eng.] Cowell. Now, a
phrase for obligations of every kind regarded collectivelly.
Experienced men of the world know very well that it is best to pay
scot and lot as they go along. Emerson.

SCOTAL; SCOTALE
Scot"al, Scot"ale, n. Etym: [Scot + ale.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: The keeping of an alehouse by an officer of a forest, and
drawing people to spend their money for liquor, for fear of his
displeasure.

SCOTCH
Scotch, a. Etym: [Cf. Scottish.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Scotland, its language, or its inhabitants;
Scottish. Scotch broom (Bot.), the Cytisus scoparius. See Broom.
 -- Scotch dipper, or Scotch duck (Zoöl.), the bufflehead; -- called
also Scotch teal, and Scotchman.
 -- Scotch fiddle, the itch. [Low] Sir W. Scott.
 -- Scotch mist, a coarse, dense mist, like fine rain.
 -- Scotch nightingale (Zoöl.), the sedge warbler. [Prov. Eng.] --
Scotch pebble. See under pebble.
 -- Scotch pine (Bot.) See Riga fir.
 -- Scotch thistle (Bot.), a species of thistle (Onopordon
acanthium); -- so called from its being the national emblem of the
Scotch.

SCOTCH
Scotch, n.

1. The dialect or dialects of English spoken by the people of
Scotland.

2. Collectively, the people of Scotland.

SCOTCH
Scotch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scotched; p. pr. & vb. n. Scotching.]
Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. scole a prop, and Walloon ascot a prop, ascoter
to prop, F. accoter, also Armor. skoaz the shoulder, skoazia to
shoulder up, to prop, to support, W. ysgwydd a shoulder, ysgwyddo to
shoulder. Cf. Scoat.] [Written also scoatch, scoat.]

Defn: To shoulder up; to prop or block with a wedge, chock, etc., as
a wheel, to prevent its rolling or slipping.

SCOTCH
Scotch, n.

Defn: A chock, wedge, prop, or other support, to prevent slipping;
as, a scotch for a wheel or a log on inclined ground.

SCOTCH
Scotch, v. t. Etym: [Probably the same word as scutch; cf. Norw.
skoka, skoko, a swingle for flax; perhaps akin to E. shake.]

Defn: To cut superficially; to wound; to score.
We have scotched the snake, not killed it. Shak.
Scotched collops (Cookery), a dish made of pieces of beef or veal cut
thin, or minced, beaten flat, and stewed with onion and other
condiments; -- called also Scotch collops. [Written also scotcht
collops.]

SCOTCH
Scotch, n.

Defn: A slight cut or incision; a score. Walton.

SCOTCH-HOPPER
Scotch"-hop`per, n.

Defn: Hopscotch.

SCOTCHING
Scotch"ing, n. (Masonry)

Defn: Dressing stone with a pick or pointed instrument.

SCOTCHMAN
Scotch"man, n.; pl. Scotchmen (.

1. A native or inhabitant of Scotland; a Scot; a Scotsman.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of wood or stiff hide placed over shrouds and other
rigging to prevent chafe by the running gear. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

SCOTCH RITE
Scotch rite. (Freemasonry)

Defn: The ceremonial observed by one of the Masonic systems, called
in full the Ancient and Accepted Scotch Rite; also, the system
itself, which confers thirty-three degrees, of which the first three
are nearly identical with those of the York rite.

SCOTCH TERRIER
Scotch terrier. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a breed of small terriers with long, rough hair.

SCOTER
Sco"ter, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. scote to plow up.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of northern sea ducks of the genus
Oidemia.

Note: The European scoters are Oidemia nigra, called also black duck,
black diver, surf duck; and the velvet, or double, scoter (O. fusca).
The common American species are the velvet, or white-winged, scoter
(O. Deglandi), called also velvet duck, white-wing, bull coot, white-
winged coot; the black scoter (O. Americana), called also black coot,
butterbill, coppernose; and the surf scoter, or surf duck (O.
perspicillata), called also baldpate, skunkhead, horsehead,
patchhead, pishaug, and spectacled coot. These birds are collectively
called also coots. The females and young are called gray coots, and
brown coots.

SCOT-FREE
Scot"-free" [], a.

Defn: Free from payment of scot; untaxed; hence, unhurt; clear; safe.
Do as much for this purpose, and thou shalt pass scot-free. Sir W.
Scott.
Then young Hay escaped scot-free to Holland. A. Lang.

SCOTH
Scoth, v. t.

Defn: To clothe or cover up. [Obs.]

SCOTH
Scoth, v. t.

Defn: To clothe or cover up. [Obs.]

SCOTIA
Sco"ti*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. skoti`a darkness, a sunken molding in
the base of a pillar, so called from the dark shadow it casts, from
sko`tos darkness.] (Arch.)

Defn: A concave molding used especially in classical architecture.

SCOTIA
Sco"ti*a, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Scotland [Poetic]
O Scotia! my dear, my native soil! Burns.

SCOTIST
Sco"tist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of (Joannes) Duns Scotus, the Franciscan scholastic
(d. 1308), who maintained certain doctrines in philosophy and
theology, in opposition to the Thomists, or followers of Thomas
Aquinas, the Dominican scholastic.

SCOTOGRAPH
Scot"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. sko`tos darkness + -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for writing in the dark, or without seeing.
Maunder.

SCOTOMA
Sco*to"ma, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: Scotomy.

SCOTOMY
Scot"o*my, n. Etym: [NL. scotomia, from Gr. sko`tos darkness: cf. F.
scotomie.]

1. Dizziness with dimness of sight. [Obs.] Massinger.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Obscuration of the field of vision due to the appearance of a
dark spot before the eye.

SCOTOSCOPE
Sco"to*scope ( or ), n. Etym: [Gr. sko`tos darkness + -scope.]

Defn: An instrument that discloses objects in the dark or in a faint
light. [Obs.] Pepys.

SCOTS
Scots, a. Etym: [For older Scottis Scottish. See Scottish.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Scotch; Scotch; Scottish; as, Scots
law; a pound Scots (1s. 8d.).

SCOTSMAN
Scots"man (-man), n.

Defn: See Scotchman.

SCOTTERING
Scot"ter*ing, n.

Defn: The burning of a wad of pease straw at the end of harvest.
[Prov. Eng.]

SCOTTICISM
Scot"ti*cism, n.

Defn: An idiom, or mode of expression, peculiar to Scotland or
Scotchmen.
That, in short, in which the Scotticism of Scotsmen most intimately
consists, is the habit of emphasis. Masson.

SCOTTICIZE
Scot"ti*cize, v. t.

Defn: To cause to become like the Scotch; to make Scottish. [R.]

SCOTTISH
Scot"tish, a. Etym: [From Scot a Scotchman: cf. AS. Scyttisc, and E.
Scotch, a., Scots, a.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of Scotland, their country,
or their language; as, Scottish industry or economy; a Scottish
chief; a Scottish dialect.

SCOTTISH TERRIER
Scot"tish ter"ri*er. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Scotch terrier.

SCOUNDREL
Scoun"drel, n. Etym: [Probably from Prov. E. & Scotch scunner,
scouner, to loathe, to disgust, akin to AS. scunian to shun. See
Shun.]

Defn: A mean, worthless fellow; a rascal; a villain; a man without
honor or virtue.
Go, if your ancient, but ignoble blood
Has crept through soundrels ever since the flood. Pope.

SCOUNDREL
Scoun"drel, a.

Defn: Low; base; mean; unprincipled.

SCOUNDRELDOM
Scoun"drel*dom, n.

Defn: The domain or sphere of scoundrels; scoundrels, collectively;
the state, ideas, or practices of scoundrels. Carlyle.

SCOUNDRELISM
Scoun"drel*ism, n.

Defn: The practices or conduct of a scoundrel; baseness; rascality.
Cotgrave.

SCOUR
Scour, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scoured; p. pr. & vb. n. Scouring.] Etym:
[Akin to LG. schüren, D. schuren, schueren, G. scheuern, Dan. skure;
Sw. skura; all possibly fr. LL. escurare, fr. L. ex + curare to take
care. Cf. Cure.]

1. To rub hard with something rough, as sand or Bristol brick,
especially for the purpose of cleaning; to clean by friction; to make
clean or bright; to cleanse from grease, dirt, etc., as articles of
dress.

2. To purge; as, to scour a horse.

3. To remove by rubbing or cleansing; to sweep along or off; to carry
away or remove, as by a current of water; -- often with off or away.
[I will] stain my favors in a bloody mask, Which, washed away, shall
scour my shame with it. Shak.

4. Etym: [Perhaps a different word; cf. OF. escorre, escourre, It.
scorrere, both fr. L. excurrere to run forth. Cf. Excursion.]

Defn: To pass swiftly over; to brush along; to traverse or search
thoroughly; as, to scour the coast.
Not so when swift Camilla scours the plain. Pope.
Scouring barrel, a tumbling barrel. See under Tumbling.
 -- Scouring cinder (Metal.), a basic slag, which attacks the lining
of a shaft furnace. Raymond.
 -- Scouring rush. (Bot.) See Dutch rush, under Dutch.
 -- Scouring stock (Woolen Manuf.), a kind of fulling mill.

SCOUR
Scour, v. i.

1. To clean anything by rubbing. Shak.

2. To cleanse anything.
Warm water is softer than cold, for it scoureth better. Bacon.

3. To be purged freely; to have a diarrhoea.

4. To run swiftly; to rove or range in pursuit or search of
something; to scamper.
So four fierce coursers, starting to the race, Scour through the
plain, and lengthen every pace. Dryden.

SCOUR
Scour, n.

Defn: Diarrhoea or dysentery among cattle.

SCOURAGE
Scour"age (; 48), n.

Defn: Refuse water after scouring.

SCOURER
Scour"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, scours.

2. A rover or footpad; a prowling robber.
In those days of highwaymen and scourers. Macaulay.

SCOURGE
Scourge, n. Etym: [F. escourgée, fr. L. excoriata (sc. scutica) a
stripped off (lash or whip), fr. excoriate to strip, to skin. See
Excoriate.]

1. A lash; a strap or cord; especially, a lash used to inflict pain
or punishment; an instrument of punishment or discipline; a whip.
Up to coach then goes The observed maid, takes both the scourge and
reins. Chapman.

2. Hence, a means of inflicting punishment, vengeance, or suffering;
an infliction of affliction; a punishment.
Sharp scourges of adversity. Chaucer.
What scourge for perjury Can this dark monarchy afford false Clarence
Shak.

SCOURGE
Scourge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scourged; p. pr. & vb. n. Scourging.]
Etym: [From Scourge, n.: cf. OF. escorgier.]

1. To whip severely; to lash.
is it lawful for you to scourge a . . . Roman Acts xxii. 25.

2. To punish with severity; to chastise; to afflict, as for sins or
faults, and with the purpose of correction.
Whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom he
receiveth. Heb. xii. 6.

3. To harass or afflict severely.
To scourge and impoverish the people. Brougham.

SCOURGER
Scour"ger, n.

Defn: One who scourges or punishes; one who afflicts severely.
The West must own the scourger of the world. Byron.

SCOURSE
Scourse, v. t.

Defn: See Scorse. [Obs.]

SCOUSE
Scouse, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A sailor's dish. Bread scouse contains no meat; lobscouse
contains meat, etc. See Lobscouse. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

SCOUT
Scout, n. Etym: [Icel. sk a small craft or cutter.]

Defn: A swift sailing boat. [Obs.]
So we took a scout, very much pleased with the manner and
conversation of the passengers. Pepys.

SCOUT
Scout, n. Etym: [Icel. skuta to jut out. Cf. Scout to reject.]

Defn: A projecting rock. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

SCOUT
Scout, v. t. Etym: [Icel. sk a taunt; cf. Icel. skuta to jut out,
skota to shove, skj to shoot, to shove. See Shoot.]

Defn: To reject with contempt, as something absurd; to treat with
ridicule; to flout; as, to scout an idea or an apology. "Flout 'em
and scout 'em." Shak.

SCOUT
Scout, n. Etym: [OF. escaute scout, spy, fr. escouter, escolter, to
listen, to hear, F. écouter, fr. L. auscultare, to hear with
attention, to listen to. See Auscultation.]

1. A person sent out to gain and bring in tidings; especially, one
employed in war to gain information of the movements and condition of
an enemy.
Scouts each coast light-armèd scour, Each quarter, to descry the
distant foe. Milton.

2. A college student's or undergraduate's servant; -- so called in
Oxford, England; at Cambridge called a gyp; and at Dublin, a skip.
[Cant]

3. (Criket)

Defn: A fielder in a game for practice.

4. The act of scouting or reconnoitering. [Colloq.]
While the rat is on the scout. Cowper.

Syn.
 -- Scout, Spy.
 -- In a military sense a scout is a soldier who does duty in his
proper uniform, however hazardous his adventure. A spy is one who in
disguise penetrates the enemies' lines, or lurks near them, to obtain
information.

SCOUT
Scout, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Scouting.]

1. To observe, watch, or look for, as a scout; to follow for the
purpose of observation, as a scout.
Take more men, And scout him round. Beau. & Fl.

2. To pass over or through, as a scout; to reconnoiter; as, to scout
a country.

SCOUT
Scout, v. i.

Defn: To go on the business of scouting, or watching the motions of
an enemy; to act as a scout.
With obscure wing Scout far and wide into the realm of night. Milton.

SCOVEL
Scov"el, n. Etym: [OF. escouve, escouvette, broom, L. scopae, or cf.
W. ysgubell, dim. of ysgub a broom.]

Defn: A mop for sweeping ovens; a malkin.

SCOW
Scow, n. Etym: [D. schouw.] (Naut.)

Defn: A large flat-bottomed boat, having broad, square ends.

SCOW
Scow, v. t.

Defn: To transport in a scow.

SCOWL
Scowl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scowled; p. pr. & vb. n. Scowling.] Etym:
[Akin to Dan. skule; cf. Icel. skolla to skulk, LG. schulen to hide
one's self, D. schuilen, G. schielen to squint, Dan. skele, Sw.
skela, AS. sceolh squinting. Cf. Skulk.]

1. To wrinkle the brows, as in frowning or displeasure; to put on a
frowning look; to look sour, sullen, severe, or angry.
She scowled and frowned with froward countenance. Spenser.

2. Hence, to look gloomy, dark, or threatening; to lower. "The
scowling heavens." Thomson.

SCOWL
Scowl, v. t.

1. To look at or repel with a scowl or a frown. Milton.

2. To express by a scowl; as, to scowl defiance.

SCOWL
Scowl, n.

1. The wrinkling of the brows or face in frowing; the expression of
displeasure, sullennes, or discontent in the countenance; an angry
frown.
With solemn phiz, and critic scowl. Lloyd.

2. Hence, gloom; dark or threatening aspect. Burns.
A ruddy storm, whose scowl Made heaven's radiant face look foul.
Crashaw.

SCOWLINGLY
Scowl"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scowling manner.

SCRABBED EGGS
Scrab"bed eggs`. Etym: [CF. Scramble.]

Defn: A Lenten dish, composed of eggs boiled hard, chopped, and
seasoned with butter, salt, and pepper. Halliwell.

SCRABBLE
Scrab"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scrabbled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Scrabbling.] Etym: [Freq. of scrape. Cf. Scramble, Scrawl, v. t.]

1. To scrape, paw, or scratch with the hands; to proceed by clawing
with the hands and feet; to scramble; as, to scrabble up a cliff or a
tree.
Now after a while Little-faith came to himself, and getting up made
shift to scrabble on his way. Bunyan.

2. To make irregular, crooked, or unmeaning marks; to scribble; to
scrawl.
David . . . scrabbled on the doors of the gate. 1. Sam. xxi. 13.

SCRABBLE
Scrab"ble, v. t.

Defn: To mark with irregular lines or letters; to scribble; as, to
scrabble paper.

SCRABBLE
Scrab"ble, n.

Defn: The act of scrabbing; a moving upon the hands and knees; a
scramble; also, a scribble.

SCRABER
Scra"ber, n. Etym: [Cf. Scrabble.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The Manx shearwater.
(b) The black guillemot.

SCRAFFLE
Scraf"fle, v. i. Etym: [See Scramble: cf. OD. schraeffelen to
scrape.]

Defn: To scramble or struggle; to wrangle; also, to be industrious.
[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

SCRAG
Scrag, n. Etym: [Cf. dial. Sw. skraka a great dry tree, a long, lean
man, Gael. sgreagach dry, shriveled, rocky. See Shrink, and cf.
Scrog, Shrag, n.]

1. Something thin, lean, or rough; a bony piece; especially, a bony
neckpiece of meat; hence, humorously or in contempt, the neck.
Lady MacScrew, who . . . serves up a scrag of mutton on silver.
Thackeray.

2. A rawboned person. [Low] Halliwell.

3. A ragged, stunted tree or branch. Scrag whale (Zoöl.), a North
Atlantic whalebone whale (Agaphelus giddosus). By some it is
considered the young of the right whale.

SCRAGGED
Scrag"ged, a.

1. Rough with irregular points, or a broken surface; scraggy; as, a
scragged backbone.

2. Lean and rough; scraggy.

SCRAGGEDNESS
Scrag"ged*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being scragged.

SCRAGGILY
Scrag"gi*ly, adv.

Defn: in a scraggy manner.

SCRAGGINESS
Scrag"gi*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being scraggy; scraggedness.

SCRAGGY
Scrag"gy, a. [Compar. Scragger; superl. Scraggiest.]

1. Rough with irregular points; scragged. "A scraggy rock." J.
Philips.

2. Lean and rough; scragged. "His sinewy, scraggy neck." Sir W.
Scott.

SCRAGLY
Scrag"ly, a.

Defn: See Scraggy.

SCRAG-NECKED
Scrag"-necked`, a.

Defn: Having a scraggy neck.

SCRAMBLE
Scram"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scrambled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Scrambling.] Etym: [Freq. of Prov. E. scramb to rake together with
the hands, or of scramp to snatch at. cf. Scrabble.]

1. To clamber with hands and knees; to scrabble; as, to scramble up a
cliff; to scramble over the rocks.

2. To struggle eagerly with others for something thrown upon the
ground; to go down upon all fours to seize something; to catch rudely
at what is desired.
Of other care they little reckoning make, Than how to scramble at the
shearer's feast. Milton.

SCRAMBLE
Scram"ble, v. t.

1. To collect by scrambling; as, to scramble up wealth. Marlowe.

2. To prepare (eggs) as a dish for the table, by stirring the yolks
and whites together while cooking.

SCRAMBLE
Scram"ble, n.

1. The act of scrambling, climbing on all fours, or clambering.

2. The act of jostling and pushing for something desired; eager and
unceremonious struggle for what is thrown or held out; as, a scramble
for office.
Scarcity [of money] enhances its price, and increases the scramble.
Locke.

SCRAMBLED EGGS
Scram"bled eggs.

Defn: Eggs of which the whites and yolks are stirred together while
cooking, or eggs beaten slightly, often with a little milk, and
stirred while cooking.

SCRAMBLER
Scram"bler, n.

1. One who scrambles; one who climbs on all fours.

2. A greedy and unceremonious contestant.

SCRAMBLING
Scram"bling, a.

Defn: Confused and irregular; awkward; scambling.
 -- Scram"bling*ly, adv.
A huge old scrambling bedroom. Sir W. Scott.

SCRANCH
Scranch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scranched; p. pr. & vb. n. Scranching.]
Etym: [Cf. D. schransen to eat greedily, G. schranzen. Cf. Crunch,
Scrunch.]

Defn: To grind with the teeth, and with a crackling sound; to
craunch. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]

SCRANKY
Scrank"y, a.

Defn: Thin; lean. [Scot.]

SCRANNEL
Scran"nel, a. Etym: [Cf. Scrawny.]

Defn: Slight; thin; lean; poor. Having
Grate on their scranned pipes of wretched straw. Milton.

SCRANNY
Scran"ny, a. Etym: [See Scrannel.]

Defn: Thin; lean; meager; scrawny; scrannel. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

SCRAP
Scrap, n. Etym: [OE. scrappe, fr. Icel. skrap trifle, cracking. See
Scrape, v. t.]

1. Something scraped off; hence, a small piece; a bit; a fragment; a
detached, incomplete portion.
I have no materials -- not a scrap. De Quincey.

2. Specifically, a fragment of something written or printed; a brief
excerpt; an unconnected extract.

3. pl.

Defn: The crisp substance that remains after trying out animal fat;
as, pork scraps.

4. pl.

Defn: Same as Scrap iron, below. Scrap forgings, forgings made from
wrought iron scrap.
 -- Scrap iron. (a) Cuttings and waste pieces of wrought iron from
which bar iron or forgings can be made; -- called also wrought-iron
scrap. (b) Fragments of cast iron or defective castings suitable for
remelting in the foundry; -- called also founding scrap, or cast
scrap.

SCRAPBOOK
Scrap"book`, n.

Defn: A blank book in which extracts cut from books and papers may be
pasted and kept.

SCRAPE
Scrape, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scraped; p. pr. & vb. n. Scraping.] Etym:
[Icel. skrapa; akin to Sw. skrapa, Dan. skrabe, D. schrapen,
schrabben, G. schrappen, and prob. to E. sharp.]

1. To rub over the surface of (something) with a sharp or rough
instrument; to rub over with something that roughens by removing
portions of the surface; to grate harshly over; to abrade; to make
even, or bring to a required condition or form, by moving the sharp
edge of an instrument breadthwise over the surface with pressure,
cutting away excesses and superfluous parts; to make smooth or clean;
as, to scrape a bone with a knife; to scrape a metal plate to an even
surface.

2. To remove by rubbing or scraping (in the sense above).
I will also scrape her dust from her, and make her like the top of a
rock. Ezek. xxvi. 4.

3. To collect by, or as by, a process of scraping; to gather in small
portions by laborius effort; hence, to acquire avariciously and save
penuriously; -- often followed by together or up; as, to scrape money
together.
The prelatical party complained that, to swell a number the
nonconformists did not choose, but scrape, subscribers. Fuller.

4. To express disapprobation of, as a play, or to silence, as a
speaker, by drawing the feet back and forth upon the floor; --
usually with down. Macaulay. To scrape acquaintance, to seek
acquaintance otherwise than by an introduction. Farquhar.
He tried to scrape acquaintance with her, but failed ignominiously.
G. W. Cable.

SCRAPE
Scrape, v. i.

1. To rub over the surface of anything with something which roughens
or removes it, or which smooths or cleans it; to rub harshly and
noisily along.

2. To occupy one's self with getting laboriously; as, he scraped and
saved until he became rich. "[Spend] their scraping fathers' gold."
Shak.

3. To play awkwardly and inharmoniously on a violin or like
instrument.

4. To draw back the right foot along the ground or floor when making
a bow.

SCRAPE
Scrape, n.

1. The act of scraping; also, the effect of scraping, as a scratch,
or a harsh sound; as, a noisy scrape on the floor; a scrape of a pen.

2. A drawing back of the right foot when bowing; also, a bow made
with that accompaniment. H. Spencer.

3. A disagreable and embrassing predicament, as it were, a painful
rubbing or scraping; a perplexity; a difficulty.
The too eager pursuit of this his old enemy through thick and thin
has led him into many of these scrapes. Bp. Warburton.

SCRAPEPENNY
Scrape"pen`ny, n.

Defn: One who gathers and hoards money in trifling sums; a miser.

SCRAPER
Scrap"er, n.

1. An instrument with which anything is scraped. Specifically:
(a) An instrument by which the soles of shoes are cleaned from mud
and the like, by drawing them across it.
(b) An instrument drawn by oxen or horses, used for scraping up earth
in making or repairing roads, digging cellars, canals etc.
(c) (Naut.) An instrument having two or three sharp sides or edges,
for cleaning the planks, masts, or decks of a ship.
(d) (Lithography) In the printing press, a board, or blade, the edge
of which is made to rub over the tympan sheet and thus produce the
impression.

2. One who scrapes. Specifically:
(a) One who plays awkwardly on a violin.
(b) One who acquires avariciously and saves penuriously.

SCRAPING
Scrap"ing, n.

1. The act of scraping; the act or process of making even, or
reducing to the proper form, by means of a scraper.

2. Something scraped off; that which is separated from a substance,
or is collected by scraping; as, the scraping of the street.

SCRAPING
Scrap"ing, a.

Defn: Resembling the act of, or the effect produced by, one who, or
that which, scrapes; as, a scraping noise; a scraping miser.
 -- Scrap"ing*ly, adv.

SCRAPPILY
Scrap"pi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scrappy manner; in scraps. Mary Cowden Clarke.

SCRAPPLE
Scrap"ple, n. [Dim. of scrap.]

Defn: An article of food made by boiling together bits or scraps of
meat, usually pork, and flour or Indian meal.

SCRAPPY
Scrap"py, a.

Defn: Consisting of scraps; fragmentary; lacking unity or
consistency; as, a scrappy lecture.
A dreadfully scrappy dinner. Thackeray.

SCRAT
Scrat, v. t. Etym: [OE. scratten. Cf. Scratch.]

Defn: To scratch. [Obs.] Burton.

SCRAT
Scrat, v. i.

Defn: To rake; to search. [Obs.] Mir. for Mag.

SCRAT
Scrat, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. scritta an hermaphrodite, Ir. scrut a scrub,
a low, mean person, Gael. sgrut, sgruit, an old, shriveled person.]

Defn: An hermaphrodite. [Obs.] Skinner.

SCRATCH
Scratch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scratched; p. pr. & vb. n. Scratching.]
Etym: [OE. cracchen (perhaps influenced by OE. scratten to scratch);
cf. OHG. chrazz, G. kratzen, OD. kratsen, kretsen, D. krassen, Sw.
kratsa to scrape, kratta to rake, to scratch, Dan. kradse to scratch,
to scrape, Icel. krota to engrave. Cf. Grate to rub.]

1. To rub and tear or mark the surface of with something sharp or
ragged; to scrape, roughen, or wound slightly by drawing something
pointed or rough across, as the claws, the nails, a pin, or the like.
Small sand-colored stones, so hard as to scratch glass.Grew.
Be mindful, when invention fails.,
To scratch your head, and bite your nails.Swift.

2. To write or draw hastily or awkwardly. Scratch out a pamphlet."
Swift.

3. To cancel by drawing one or more lines through, as the name of a
candidate upon a ballot, or of a horse in a list; hence, to erase; to
efface; -- often with out.

4. To dig or excavate with the claws; as, some animals scratch holes,
in which they burrow. To scratch a ticket, to cancel one or more
names of candidates on a party ballot; to refuse to vote the party
ticket in its entirety. [U.S.]

SCRATCH
Scratch, v. i.

1. To use the claws or nails in tearing or in digging; to make
scratches.
Dull, tame things, . . . that will neither bite nor scratch. Dr. H.
More.

2. (Billiards)

Defn: To score, not by skillful play but by some fortunate chance of
the game. [Cant, U.S.]

SCRATCH
Scratch, n.

1. A break in the surface of a thing made by scratching, or by
rubbing with anything pointed or rough; a slight wound, mark, furrow,
or incision.
The coarse file . . . makes deep scratches in the work. Moxon.
These nails with scratches deform my breast. Prior.
God forbid a shallow scratch should drive The prince of Wales from
such a field as this. Shak.

2. (Pugilistic Matches)

Defn: A line across the prize ring; up to which boxers are brought
when they join fight; hence, test, trial, or proof of courage; as, to
bring to the scratch; to come up to the scratch. [Cant] Grose.

3. pl. (Far.)

Defn: Minute, but tender and troublesome, excoriations, covered with
scabs, upon the heels of horses which have been used where it is very
wet or muddy. Law (Farmer's Veter. Adviser).

4. A kind of wig covering only a portion of the head.

5. (Billiards)

Defn: A shot which scores by chance and not as intended by the
player; a fluke. [Cant, U.S.] Scratch cradle. See Cratch cradle,
under Cratch.
 -- Scratch grass (Bot.), a climbing knotweed (Polygonum sagittatum)
with a square stem beset with fine recurved prickles along the
angles.
 -- Scratch wig. Same as Scratch, 4, above. Thackeray.

SCRATCH
Scratch, a.

Defn: Made, done, or happening by chance; arranged with little or no
preparation; determined by circumstances; haphazard; as, a scratch
team; a scratch crew for a boat race; a scratch shot in billiards.
[Slang] Scratch race, one without restrictions regarding the entrance
of competitors; also, one for which the competitors are chosen by
lot.

SCRATCHBACK
Scratch"back`, n.

Defn: A toy which imitates the sound of tearing cloth, -- used by
drawing it across the back of unsuspecting persons. [Eng.]

SCRATCHBRUSH
Scratch"brush`, n.

Defn: A stiff wire brush for cleaning iron castings and other metal.

SCRATCH COAT
Scratch" coat`.

Defn: The first coat in plastering; -- called also scratchwork. See
Pricking-up.

SCRATCHER
Scratch"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, scratches; specifically (Zoöl.), any
rasorial bird.

SCRATCHING
Scratch"ing, adv.

Defn: With the action of scratching.

SCRATCH PLAYER; SCRATCH RUNNER
Scratch player, runner, etc.

Defn: One that starts from the scratch; hence, one of first-rate
ability.

SCRATCHWEED
Scratch"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Cleavers.

SCRATCHWORK
Scratch"work`, n.

Defn: See Scratch coat.

SCRATCHY
Scratch"y, a.

Defn: Characterized by scratches.

SCRAW
Scraw, n. Etym: [Ir. scrath a turf, sgraith a turf, green sod; akin
to Gael. sgrath, sgroth, the outer skin of anything, a turf, a green
sod.]

Defn: A turf. [Obs.] Swift.

SCRAWL
Scrawl, v. i.

Defn: See Crawl. [Obs.] Latimer.

SCRAWL
Scrawl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scrawled; p. pr. & vb. n. Scrawling.]
Etym: [Probably corrupted from scrabble.]

Defn: To draw or mark awkwardly and irregularly; to write hastily and
carelessly; to scratch; to scribble; as, to scrawl a letter.
His name, scrawled by himself. Macaulay.

SCRAWL
Scrawl, v. i.

Defn: To write unskillfully and inelegantly.
Though with a golden pen you scrawl. Swift.

SCRAWL
Scrawl, n.

Defn: Unskillful or inelegant writing; that which is unskillfully or
inelegantly written.
The left will make such a scrawl, that it will not be legible.
Arbuthnot.
You bid me write no more than a scrawl to you. Gray.

SCRAWLER
Scrawl"er, n.

Defn: One who scrawls; a hasty, awkward writer.

SCRAWNY
Scraw"ny, a. Etym: [Cf. Scrannel.]

Defn: Meager; thin; rawboned; bony; scranny.

SCRAY
Scray, n. Etym: [Cf. W. ysgräen, ysgräell, a sea swallow, Armor.
skrav.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tern; the sea swallow. [Prov. Eng.] [Written also sgraye.]

SCREABLE
Scre"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. screare to hawk, spit out.]

Defn: Capable of being spit out. [Obs.] Bailey.

SCREAK
Screak, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Screaked; p. pr. & vb. n. Screaking.]
Etym: [Cf. Icel. skrækja to screech. Cf. Creak, v., Screech.]

Defn: To utter suddenly a sharp, shrill sound; to screech; to creak,
as a door or wheel.

SCREAK
Screak, n.

Defn: A creaking; a screech; a shriek. Bp. Bull.

SCREAM
Scream, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Screamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Screaming.]
Etym: [Icel. skræma to scare, terrify; akin to Sw. skräma, Dan.
skræmme. Cf. Screech.]

Defn: To cry out with a shrill voice; to utter a sudden, sharp
outcry, or shrill, loud cry, as in fright or extreme pain; to shriek;
to screech.
I heard the owl scream and the crickets cry. Shak.
And scream thyself as none e'er screamed before. Pope.

SCREAM
Scream, n.

Defn: A sharp, shrill cry, uttered suddenly, as in terror or in pain;
a shriek; a screech. "Screams of horror." Pope.

SCREAMER
Scream"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of three species of South American birds constituting
the family Anhimidæ, and the suborder Palamedeæ. They have two spines
on each wing, and the head is either crested or horned. They are
easily tamed, and then serve as guardians for other poultry. The
crested screamers, or chajas, belong to the genus Chauna. The horned
screamer, or kamichi, is Palamedea cornuta.

SCREAMING
Scream"ing, a.

1. Uttering screams; shrieking.

2. Having the nature of a scream; like a scream; shrill; sharp.
The fearful matrons raise a screaming cry. Dryden.

SCREE
Scree, n.

Defn: A pebble; a stone; also, a heap of stones or rocky débris.
[Prov. Eng.] Southey.

SCREECH
Screech, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Screeched; p. pr. & vb. n. Screeching.]
Etym: [Also formerly, scritch, OE. skriken, skrichen, schriken, of
Scand. origin; cf. Icel. skrækja to shriek, to screech, skrija to
titter, Sw. skrika to shriek, Dan. skrige; also Gael. sgreach,
sgreuch, W. ysgrechio, Skr. kharj to creak. Cf. Shriek, v., Scream,
v.]

Defn: To utter a harsh, shrill cry; to make a sharp outcry, as in
terror or acute pain; to scream; to shriek. "The screech owl,
screeching loud." Shak.

SCREECH
Screech, n.

Defn: A harsh, shrill cry, as of one in acute pain or in fright; a
shriek; a scream. Screech bird, or Screech thrush (Zoöl.), the
fieldfare; -- so called from its harsh cry before rain.
 -- Screech rain.
 -- Screech hawk (Zoöl.), the European goatsucker; -- so called from
its note. [Prov. Eng.] -- Screech owl. (Zoöl.) (a) A small American
owl (Scops asio), either gray or reddish in color. (b) The European
barn owl. The name is applied also to other species.

SCREECHERS
Screech"ers, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The picarian birds, as distinguished from the singing birds.

SCREECHY
Screech"y, a.

Defn: Like a screech; shrill and harsh.

SCREED
Screed, n. Etym: [Prov. E., a shred, the border of a cap. See Shred.]

1. (Arch.)
(a) A strip of plaster of the thickness proposed for the coat,
applied to the wall at intervals of four or five feet, as a guide.
(b) A wooden straightedge used to lay across the plaster screed, as a
limit for the thickness of the coat.

2. A fragment; a portion; a shred. [Scot.]

SCREED
Screed, n. Etym: [See 1st Screed. For sense 2 cf. also Gael. sgread
an outcry.]

1. A breach or rent; a breaking forth into a loud, shrill sound; as,
martial screeds.

2. An harangue; a long tirade on any subject.
The old carl gae them a screed of doctrine; ye might have heard him a
mile down the wind. Sir W. Scott.

SCREEN
Screen, n. Etym: [OE. scren, OF. escrein, escran, F. écran, of
uncertain origin; cf. G. schirm a screen, OHG. scrim, scern a
protection, shield, or G. schragen a trestle, a stack of wood, or G.
schranne a railing.]

1. Anything that separates or cuts off inconvience, injury, or
danger; that which shelters or conceals from view; a shield or
protection; as, a fire screen.
Your leavy screens throw down. Shak.
Some ambitious men seem as screens to princes in matters of danger
and envy. Bacon.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A dwarf wall or partition carried up to a certain height for
separation and protection, as in a church, to separate the aisle from
the choir, or the like.

3. A surface, as that afforded by a curtain, sheet, wall, etc., upon
which an image, as a picture, is thrown by a magic lantern, solar
microscope, etc.

4. A long, coarse riddle or sieve, sometimes a revolving perforated
cylinder, used to separate the coarser from the finer parts, as of
coal, sand, gravel, and the like.

SCREEN
Screen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Screened; p. pr. & vb. n. Screening.]

1. To provide with a shelter or means of concealment; to separate or
cut off from inconvience, injury, or danger; to shelter; to protect;
to protect by hiding; to conceal; as, fruits screened from cold winds
by a forest or hill.
They were encouraged and screened by some who were in high comands.
Macaulay.

2. To pass, as coal, gravel, ashes, etc., through a screen in order
to separate the coarse from the fine, or the worthless from the
valuable; to sift.

SCREENINGS
Screen"ings, n. pl.

Defn: The refuse left after screening sand, coal, ashes, etc.

SCREW
Screw, n. Etym: [OE. scrue, OF. escroue, escroe, female screw, F.
écrou, L. scrobis a ditch, trench, in LL., the hole made by swine in
rooting; cf. D. schroef a screw, G. schraube, Icel. skr.]

1. A cylinder, or a cylindrical perforation, having a continuous rib,
called the thread, winding round it spirally at a constant
inclination, so as to leave a continuous spiral groove, between one
turn and the next, -- used chiefly for producing, when revolved,
motion or pressure in the direction of its axis, by the sliding of
the threads of the cylinder in the grooves between the threads of the
perforation adapted to it, the former being distinguished as the
external, or male screw, or, more usually the screw; the latter as
the internal, or female screw, or, more usually, the nut.

Note: The screw, as a mechanical power, is a modification of the
inclined plane, and may be regarded as a right-angled triangle
wrapped round a cylinder, the hypotenuse of the marking the spiral
thread of the screw, its base equaling the circumference of the
cylinder, and its height the pitch of the thread.

2. Specifically, a kind of nail with a spiral thread and a head with
a nick to receive the end of the screw-driver. Screws are much used
to hold together pieces of wood or to fasten something; -- called
also wood screws, and screw nails. See also Screw bolt, below.

3. Anything shaped or acting like a screw; esp., a form of wheel for
propelling steam vessels. It is placed at the stern, and furnished
with blades having helicoidal surfaces to act against the water in
the manner of a screw. See Screw propeller, below.

4. A steam vesel propelled by a screw instead of wheels; a screw
steamer; a propeller.

5. An extortioner; a sharp bargainer; a skinflint; a niggard.
Thackeray.

6. An instructor who examines with great or unnecessary severity;
also, a searching or strict examination of a student by an
instructor. [Cant, American Colleges]

7. A small packet of tobacco. [Slang] Mayhew.

8. An unsound or worn-out horse, useful as a hack, and commonly of
good appearance. Ld. Lytton.

9. (Math.)

Defn: A straight line in space with which a definite linear magnitude
termed the pitch is associated (cf. 5th Pitch, 10 (b)). It is used to
express the displacement of a rigid body, which may always be made to
consist of a rotation about an axis combined with a translation
parallel to that axis.

10. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An amphipod crustacean; as, the skeleton screw (Caprella). See
Sand screw, under Sand. Archimedes screw, Compound screw, Foot screw,
etc. See under Archimedes, Compound, Foot, etc.
 -- A screw loose, something out of order, so that work is not done
smoothly; as, there is a screw loose somewhere. H. Martineau.
 -- Endless, or perpetual screw, a screw used to give motion to a
toothed wheel by the action of its threads between the teeth of the
wheel; -- called also a worm.
 -- Lag screw. See under Lag.
 -- Micrometer screw, a screw with fine threads, used for the
measurement of very small spaces.
 -- Right and left screw, a screw having threads upon the opposite
ends which wind in opposite directions.
 -- Screw alley. See Shaft alley, under Shaft.
 -- Screw bean. (Bot.) (a) The curious spirally coiled pod of a
leguminous tree (Prosopis pubescens) growing from Texas to
California. It is used for fodder, and ground into meal by the
Indians. (b) The tree itself. Its heavy hard wood is used for fuel,
for fencing, and for railroad ties.
 -- Screw bolt, a bolt having a screw thread on its shank, in
distinction from a key bolt. See 1st Bolt, 3.
 -- Screw box, a device, resembling a die, for cutting the thread on
a wooden screw.
 -- Screw dock. See under Dock.
 -- Screw engine, a marine engine for driving a screw propeller.
 -- Screw gear. See Spiral gear, under Spiral.
 -- Screw jack. Same as Jackscrew.
 -- Screw key, a wrench for turming a screw or nut; a spanner wrench.
 -- Screw machine. (a) One of a series of machines employed in the
manufacture of wood screws. (b) A machine tool resembling a lathe,
having a number of cutting tools that can be caused to act on the
work successively, for making screws and other turned pieces from
metal rods.
 -- Screw pine (Bot.), any plant of the endogenous genus Pandanus, of
which there are about fifty species, natives of tropical lands from
Africa to Polynesia; -- named from the spiral arrangement of the
pineapple-like leaves.
 -- Screw plate, a device for cutting threads on small screws,
consisting of a thin steel plate having a series of perforations with
internal screws forming dies.
 -- Screw press, a press in which pressure is exerted by means of a
screw.
 -- Screw propeller, a screw or spiral bladed wheel, used in the
propulsion of steam vessels; also, a steam vessel propelled by a
screw.
 -- Screw shell (Zoöl.), a long, slender, spiral gastropod shell,
especially of the genus Turritella and allied genera. See Turritella.
 -- Screw steamer, a steamship propelled by a screw.
 -- Screw thread, the spiral which forms a screw.
 -- Screw stone (Paleon.), the fossil stem of an encrinite.
 -- Screw tree (Bot.), any plant of the genus Helicteres, consisting
of about thirty species of tropical shrubs, with simple leaves and
spirally twisted, five-celled capsules; -- also called twisted-horn,
and twisty.
 -- Screw valve, a stop valve which is opened or closed by a screw.
 -- Screw worm (Zoöl.), the larva of an American fly (Compsomyia
macellaria), allied to the blowflies, which sometimes deposits its
eggs in the nostrils, or about wounds, in man and other animals, with
fatal results.
 -- Screw wrench. (a) A wrench for turning a screw. (b) A wrench with
an adjustable jaw that is moved by a screw.
 -- To put the screw, or screws, on, to use pressure upon, as for the
purpose of extortion; to coerce.
 -- To put under the screw or screws, to subject to presure; to
force.
 -- Wood screw, a metal screw with a sharp thread of coarse pitch,
adapted to holding fast in wood. See Illust. of Wood screw, under
Wood.

SCREW
Screw, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Screwed; p. pr. & vb. n. Screwing.]

1. To turn, as a screw; to apply a screw to; to press, fasten, or
make firm, by means of a screw or screws; as, to screw a lock on a
door; to screw a press.

2. To force; to squeeze; to press, as by screws.
But screw your courage to the sticking place, And we'll not fail.
Shak.

3. Hence: To practice extortion upon; to oppress by unreasonable or
extortionate exactions.
Our country landlords, by unmeasureable screwing and racking their
tenants, have already reduced the miserable people to a worse
condition than the peasants in France. swift.

4. To twist; to distort; as, to screw his visage.
He screwed his face into a hardened smile. Dryden.

5. To examine rigidly, as a student; to subject to a severe
examination. [Cant, American Colleges] To screw out, to press out; to
extort.
 -- To screw up, to force; to bring by violent pressure. Howell.
 -- To screw in, to force in by turning or twisting.

SCREW
Screw, v. i.

1. To use violent mans in making exactions; to be oppressive or
exacting. Howitt.

2. To turn one's self uneasily with a twisting motion; as, he screws
about in his chair.

SCREW-CUTTING
Screw"-cut`ting, a.

Defn: Adapted for forming a screw by cutting; as, a screw-cutting
lathe.

SCREW-DRIVER
Screw"-driv`er, n.

Defn: A tool for turning screws so as to drive them into their place.
It has a thin end which enters the nick in the head of the screw.

SCREWER
Screw"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, screws.

SCREWING
Screw"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Screw, v. t. Screwing machine. See Screw machine,
under Screw.

SCRIBABLE
Scrib"a*ble, a. Etym: [See Scribe.]

Defn: Capable of being written, or of being written upon. [R.]

SCRIBATIOUS
Scri*ba"tious, a. Etym: [See Scribe.]

Defn: Skillful in, or fond of, writing. [Obs.] Barrow.

SCRIBBET
Scrib"bet, n.

Defn: A painter's pencil.

SCRIBBLE
Scrib"ble, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Scrabble.] (Woolen Manuf.)

Defn: To card coarsely; to run through the scribling machine.

SCRIBBLE
Scrib"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scribbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Scribling.]
Etym: [From Scrible.]

1. To write hastily or carelessly, without regard to correctness or
elegance; as, to scribble a letter.

2. To fill or cover with careless or worthless writing.

SCRIBBLE
Scrib"ble, v. i.

Defn: To write without care, elegance, or value; to scrawl.
If Mævius scribble in Apollo's spite. Pope.

SCRIBBLE
Scrib"ble, n.

Defn: Hasty or careless writing; a writing of little value; a scrawl;
as, a hasty scribble. Boyle.
Neither did I but vacant seasons spend In this my scribble. Bunyan.

SCRIBBLEMENT
Scrib"ble*ment, n.

Defn: A scribble. [R.] oster.

SCRIBBLER
Scrib"bler, n.

Defn: One who scribles; a literary hack.
The scribbler, pinched with hunger, writes to dine. Granville.

SCRIBBLER
Scrib"bler, n.

Defn: A scribbling machine.

SCRIBBLING
Scrib"bling, n. Etym: [See 1st Scribble.]

Defn: The act or process of carding coarsely. Scribbing machine, the
machine used for the first carding of wool or other fiber; -- called
also scribbler.

SCRIBBLING
Scrib"bling, a.

Defn: Writing hastily or poorly.
Ye newspaper witlings! ye pert scribbling folks! Goldsmith.

SCRIBBLING
Scrib"bling, n.

Defn: The act of writing hastily or idly.

SCRIBBLINGLY
Scrib"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scribbling manner.

SCRIBE
Scribe, n. Etym: [L. scriba, fr. scribere to write; cf. Gr. scarify.
Cf. Ascribe, Describe, Script, Scrivener, Scrutoire.]

1. One who writes; a draughtsman; a writer for another; especially,
an offical or public writer; an amanuensis or secretary; a notary; a
copyist.

2. (Jewish Hist.)

Defn: A writer and doctor of the law; one skilled in the law and
traditions; one who read and explained the law to the people.

SCRIBE
Scribe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scribed; p. pr. & vb. n. Scribing.]

1. To write, engrave, or mark upon; to inscribe. Spenser.

2. (Carp.)

Defn: To cut (anything) in such a way as to fit closely to a somewhat
irregular surface, as a baseboard to a floor which is out of level, a
board to the curves of a molding, or the like; -- so called because
the workman marks, or scribe, with the compasses the line that he
afterwards cuts.

3. To score or mark with compasses or a scribing iron. Scribing iron,
an iron-pointed instrument for scribing, or marking, casks and logs.

SCRIBE
Scribe, v. i.

Defn: To make a mark.
With the separated points of a pair of spring dividers scribe around
the edge of the templet. A. M. Mayer.

SCRIBER
Scrib"er, n.

Defn: A sharp-pointed tool, used by joiners for drawing lines on
stuff; a marking awl.

SCRIBISM
Scrib"ism, n.

Defn: The character and opinions of a Jewish scribe in the time of
Christ. F. W. Robertson.

SCRID
Scrid, n.

Defn: A screed; a shred; a fragment. [R.]

SCRIGGLE
Scrig"gle, v. i.

Defn: To wriggle. [Prov. Eng.]

SCRIM
Scrim, n.

1. A kind of light cotton or linen fabric, often woven in openwork
patterns, -- used for curtains, etc,; -- called also India scrim.

2. pl.

Defn: Thin canvas glued on the inside of panels to prevent shrinking,
checking, etc.

SCRIMER
Scri"mer, n. Etym: [F. escrimeur. See Skirmish.]

Defn: A fencing master. [Obs.] Shak.

SCRIMMAGE
Scrim"mage (; 48), n. Etym: [A corruption of skirmish. "Sore
scrymmishe." Ld. Berners.]] [Written also scrummage.]

1. Formerly, a skirmish; now, a general row or confused fight or
struggle.

2. (Football)

Defn: The struggle in the rush lines after the ball is put in play.

SCRIMP
Scrimp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scrimped; p. pr. & vb. n. Scrimping.]
Etym: [Cf. Dan. skrumpe, G. schrumpfen, D. krimpen. Cf. Shrimp,
Shrine.]

Defn: To make too small or short; to limit or straiten; to put on
short allowance; to scant; to contract; to shorten; as, to scrimp the
pattern of a coat.

SCRIMP
Scrimp, a.

Defn: Short; scanty; curtailed.

SCRIMP
Scrimp, n.

Defn: A pinching miser; a niggard. [U.S.]

SCRIMPING
Scrimp"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Scrimp, v. t. Scrimping bar, a device used in
connection with a calico printing machine for stretching the fabric
breadthwise so that it may be smooth for printing. Knight.

SCRIMPINGLY
Scrimp"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scrimping manner.

SCRIMPNESS
Scrimp"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being scrimp.

SCRIMPTION
Scrimp"tion, n.

Defn: A small portion; a pittance; a little bit. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

SCRIMSHAW
Scrim"shaw`, v. t.

Defn: To ornament, as shells, ivory, etc., by engraving, and
(usually) rubbing pigments into the incised lines. [Sailor's cant.
U.S.]

SCRIMSHAW
Scrim"shaw`, n.

Defn: A shell, a whale's tooth, or the like, that is scrimshawed.
[Sailor's cant, U.S.]

SCRINE
Scrine, n. Etym: [L. scrinium a case for books, letters, etc.: cf.
OF. escrin, F. écrin. See Shrine.]

Defn: A chest, bookcase, or other place, where writings or
curiosities are deposited; a shrine. [Obs.]
But laid them up in immortial scrine. Spenser.

SCRINE
Scrine, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scringed; p. pr. & vb. n. Scringing.]
Etym: [Cf. Cringe.]

Defn: To cringe. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]

SCRINGE
Scringe, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scringed; p. pr. & vb. n. Scringing.]
[Cf. Cringe.]

Defn: To cringe. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]

SCRIP
Scrip, n. Etym: [OE. scrippe, probably of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. &
OSw. skreppa, and also LL. scrippum, OF. esquerpe, escrepe, F.
écharpe scarf. Cf. Scarp, Scarf a piece of dress.]

Defn: A small bag; a wallet; a satchel. [Archaic] Chaucer.
And in requital ope his leathern scrip. Milton.

SCRIP
Scrip, n. Etym: [From script.]

1. A small writing, certificate, or schedule; a piece of paper
containing a writing.
Call them generally, man by man, according to the scrip. Shak.
Bills of exchange can not pay our debts abroad, till scrips of paper
can be made current coin. Locke.

2. A preliminary certificate of a subscription to the capital of a
bank, railroad, or other company, or for a share of other joint
property, or a loan, stating the amount of the subscription and the
date of the payment of the installments; as, insurance scrip, consol
scrip, etc. When all the installments are paid, the scrip is
exchanged for a bond share certificate.

3. Paper fractional currency. [Colloq.U.S.]

SCRIPPAGE
Scrip"page (; 48), n.

Defn: The contents of a scrip, or wallet. [Obs.] Shak.

SCRIPT
Script, n. Etym: [OE. scrit, L. scriptum something written, fr.
scribere, scriptum to write: cf. OF. escript, , F. écrit. See Scribe,
and cf. Scrip a writing.]

1. A writing; a written document. [Obs.] aucer.

2. (Print.)

Defn: Type made in imitation of handwriting.

3. (Law)

Defn: An original instrument or document.

4. Written characters; style of writing.

SCRIPTORIUM
Scrip*to"ri*um, n.; pl. Scriptoria. Etym: [LL. See Scriptory.]

Defn: In an abbey or monastery, the room set apart for writing or
copying manuscripts; in general, a room devoted to writing.
Writing rooms, or scriptoria, where the chief works of Latin
literature . . . were copied and illuminated. J. R. Green.

SCRIPTORY
Scrip"to*ry, a. Etym: [L. scriptorius, fr. scribere, scriptum to
write.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to writing; expressed in writing; used in
writing; as, scriptory wills; a scriptory reed. [R.] Swift.

SCRIPTURAL
Scrip"tur*al, a.

Defn: Contained in the Scriptures; according to the Scriptures, or
sacred oracles; biblical; as, a scriptural doctrine.

SCRIPTURALISM
Scrip"tur*al*ism, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being scriptural; literal adherence to
the Scriptures.

SCRIPTURALIST
Scrip"tur*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who adheres literally to the Scriptures.

SCRIPTURALLY
Scrip"tur*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scriptural manner.

SCRIPTURALNESS
Scrip"tur*al*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being scriptural.

SCRIPTURE
Scrip"ture, n. Etym: [L. scriptura, fr. scribere, scriptum, to write:
cf. OF. escripture, escriture, F. écriture. See Scribe.]

1. Anything written; a writing; a document; an inscription.
I have put it in scripture and in remembrance. Chaucer.
Then the Lord of Manny read the scripture on the tomb, the which was
in Latin. Ld. Berners.

2. The books of the Old and the new Testament, or of either of them;
the Bible; -- used by way of eminence or distinction, and chiefly in
the plural.
There is not any action a man ought to do, or to forbear, but the
Scripture will give him a clear precept or prohibition for it. South.
Compared with the knowledge which the Scripteres contain, every other
subject of human inquiry is vanity. Buckminster.

3. A passage from the Bible;; a text.
The devil can eite Scripture for his purpose. Shak.
Hanging by the twined thread of one doubtful Scripture. Milton.

SCRIPTURIAN
Scrip*tu"ri*an, n.

Defn: A Scripturist. [Obs.]

SCRIPTURIST
Scrip"tur*ist, n.

Defn: One who is strongly attached to, or versed in, the Scriptures,
or who endeavors to regulate his life by them.
The Puritan was a Scripturist with all his heart, if as yet with
imperfect intelligence . . . he cherished the scheme of looking to
the Word of God as his sole and universal directory. Palfrey.

SCRIT
Scrit, n. Etym: [See Script.]

Defn: Writing; document; scroll. [Obs.] "Of every scrit and bond."
Chaucer.

SCRITCH
Scritch, n.

Defn: A screech. [R.]
Perhaps it is the owlet's scritch. Coleridge.

SCRIVENER
Scrive"ner ( or ), n. Etym: [From older scrivein, OF. escrivain, F.
écrivain, LL. scribanus, from L. scribere to write. See Scribe.]

1. A professional writer; one whose occupation is to draw contracts
or prepare writings. Shak.
The writer better scrivener than clerk. Fuller.

2. One whose business is to place money at interest; a broker. [Obs.]
ryden.

3. A writing master. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Scrivener's palsy. See
Writer's cramp, under Writer.

SCROBICULA
Scro*bic"u*la, n.; pl. Scrobiculæ. Etym: [NL. See Scrobiculate.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the smooth areas surrounding the tubercles of a sea
urchin.

SCROBICULAR
Scro*bic"u*lar, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or surrounding, scrobiculæ; as, scrobicular
tubercles.

SCROBICULATE; SCROBICULATED
Scro*bic"u*late, Scro*bic"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. scrobiculus, dim. of
scrobis a ditch or trench.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having numerous small, shallow depressions or hollows; pitted.

SCROD; SCRODE
Scrod, Scrode, n.

Defn: A young codfish, especially when cut open on the back and
dressed. [Written also escrod.] [Local, U.S.]

SCRODDLED WARE
Scrod"dled ware`.

Defn: Mottled pottery made from scraps of differently colored clays.

SCROFULA
Scrof"u*la, n. Etym: [L. scrofulae, fr. scrofa a breeding sow,
because swine were supposed to be subject to such a complaint, or by
a fanciful comparison of the glandular swellings to little pigs;
perhaps akin to Gr. scrofules. Cf. Scroyle.] (Med.)

Defn: A constitutional disease, generally hereditary, especially
manifested by chronic enlargement and cheesy degeneration of the
lymphatic glands, particularly those of the neck, and marked by a
tendency to the development of chronic intractable inflammations of
the skin, mucous membrane, bones, joints, and other parts, and by a
diminution in the power of resistance to disease or injury and the
capacity for recovery. Scrofula is now generally held to be
tuberculous in character, and may develop into general or local
tuberculosis (consumption).

SCROFULIDE
Scrof"u*lide ( or ), n. (Med.)

Defn: Any affection of the skin dependent on scrofula.

SCROFULOUS
Scrof"u*lous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. scrofuleux.]

1. Pertaining to scrofula, or partaking of its nature; as, scrofulous
tumors; a scrofulous habit of body.

2. Diseased or affected with scrofula.
Scrofulous persons can never be duly nourished. Arbuthnot.
-- Scorf"u*lous*ly, adv.
 -- Scrof"u*lous*ness, n.

SCROG
Scrog, n. Etym: [Cf. Scrag, or Gael. sgrogag anything shriveled, from
sgrag to compress, shrivel.]

Defn: A stunted shrub, bush, or branch. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

SCROGGY
Scrog"gy, a.

Defn: Abounding in scrog; also, twisted; stunted. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.] Halliwell.

SCROLL
Scroll, n. Etym: [A dim. of OE. scroue, scrowe (whence E. escrow),
OF. escroe, escroue, F. écrou entry in the jail book, LL. scroa
scroll, probably of Teutonic origin; cf. OD. schroode a strip, shred,
slip of paper, akin to E. shred. Cf. Shred, Escrow.]

1. A roll of paper or parchment; a writing formed into a roll; a
schedule; a list.
The heavens shall be rolled together as a scroll. Isa. xxxiv. 4.
Here is the scroll of every man's name. Shak.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornament formed of undulations giving off spirals or sprays,
usually suggestive of plant form. Roman architectural ornament is
largely of some scroll pattern.

3. A mark or flourish added to a person's signature, intended to
represent a seal, and in some States allowed as a substitute for a
seal. [U.S.] Burrill.

4. (Geom.)

Defn: Same as Skew surface. See under Skew. Linen scroll (Arch.) See
under Linen.
 -- Scroll chuck (Mach.), an adjustable chuck, applicable to a lathe
spindle, for centering and holding work, in which the jaws are
adjusted and tightened simultaneously by turning a disk having in its
face a spiral groove which is entered by teeth on the backs of the
jaws.
 -- Scroll saw. See under Saw.

SCROLLED
Scrolled, a.

Defn: Formed like a scroll; contained in a scroll; adorned with
scrolls; as, scrolled work.

SCROPHULARIA
Scroph`u*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. So called because it was reputed to
be remedy for scrofula.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of coarse herbs having small flowers in panicled cymes;
figwort.

SCROPHULARIACEOUS
Scroph`u*la`ri*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a very large natural order of gamopetalous
plants (Scrophulariaceæ, or Scrophularineæ), usually having irregular
didynamous flowers and a two-celled pod. The order includes the
mullein, foxglove, snapdragon, figwort, painted cup, yellow rattle,
and some exotic trees, as the Paulownia.

SCROTAL
Scro"tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the scrotum; as, scrotal hernia.

SCROTIFORM
Scro"ti*form, a. Etym: [L. scrotum scrotum + -form.]

Defn: Purse-shaped; pouch-shaped.

SCROTOCELE
Scro"to*cele, n. Etym: [Scrotum + Gr. scrotocéle.] (Med.)

Defn: A rupture or hernia in the scrotum; scrotal hernia.

SCROTUM
Scro"tum, n. Etym: [L.] (Anat.)

Defn: The bag or pouch which contains the testicles; the cod.

SCROUGE
Scrouge, v. t. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: To crowd; to squeeze. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]

SCROW
Scrow ( or ), n. Etym: [See Escrow, Scroll.]

1. A scroll. [Obs.] Palsgrave.

2. A clipping from skins; a currier's cuttings.

SCROYLE
Scroyle, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. escrouselle a kind of vermin, escrouelles,
pl., scrofula, F. écrouelles, fr. (assumed) LL. scrofulae. See
Scrofula, and cf. Cruels.]

Defn: A mean fellow; a wretch. [Obs.] hak.

SCRUB
Scrub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scrubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Scrubbing.]
Etym: [OE. scrobben, probably of Dutch or Scand. origin; cf. Dan.
sckrubbe, Sw. skrubba, D. schrobben, LG. schrubben.]

Defn: To rub hard; to wash with rubbing; usually, to rub with a wet
brush, or with something coarse or rough, for the purpose of cleaning
or brightening; as, to scrub a floor, a doorplate.

SCRUB
Scrub, v. i.

Defn: To rub anything hard, especially with a wet brush; to scour;
hence, to be diligent and penurious; as, to scrub hard for a living.

SCRUB
Scrub, n.

1. One who labors hard and lives meanly; a mean fellow. "A sorry
scrub." Bunyan.
We should go there in as proper a manner possible; nor altogether
like the scrubs about us. Goldsmith.

2. Something small and mean.

3. A worn-out brush. Ainsworth.

4. A thicket or jungle, often specified by the name of the prevailing
plant; as, oak scrub, palmetto scrub, etc.

5. (Stock Breeding)

Defn: One of the commen live stock of a region of no particular breed
or not of pure breed, esp. when inferior in size, etc. [U.S.] Scrub
bird (Zoöl.), an Australian passerine bird of the family
Atrichornithidæ, as Atrichia clamosa; -- called also brush bird.
 -- Scrub oak (Bot.), the popular name of several dwarfish species of
oak. The scrub oak of New England and the Middle States is Quercus
ilicifolia, a scraggy shrub; that of the Southern States is a small
tree (Q. Catesbæi); that of the Rocky Mountain region is Q. undulata,
var. Gambelii.
 -- Scrub robin (Zoöl.), an Australian singing bird of the genus
Drymodes.

SCRUB
Scrub, a.

Defn: Mean; dirty; contemptible; scrubby.
How solitary, how scrub, does this town lokk! Walpole.
No little scrub joint shall come on my board. Swift.
Scrub game, a game, as of ball, by unpracticed players.
 -- Scrub race, a race between scrubs, or between untrained animals
or contestants.

SCRUBBED
Scrub"bed, a.

Defn: Dwarfed or stunted; scrubby.

SCRUBBER
Scrub"ber, n.

1. One who, or that which, scrubs; esp., a brush used in scrubbing.

2. (Gas Manuf.)

Defn: A gas washer. See under Gas.

SCRUBBOARD
Scrub"board`, n.

Defn: A baseboard; a mopboard.

SCRUBBY
Scrub"by, a. [Compar. Scrubbier; superl. Scrubbiest.]

Defn: Of the nature of scrub; small and mean; stunted in growth; as,
a scrubby cur. "Dense, scrubby woods." Duke of Argull.

SCRUBSTONE
Scrub"stone`, n.

Defn: A species of calciferous sandstone. [Prov. Eng.]

SCRUFF
Scruff, n. Etym: [See Scurf.]

Defn: Scurf. [Obs.]

SCRUFF
Scruff, n. Etym: [Cf. Scuff.]

Defn: The nape of the neck; the loose outside skin, as of the back of
the neck.

SCRUMMAGE
Scrum"mage (; 43), n.

Defn: See Scrimmage.

SCRUMPTIOUS
Scrump"tious, a.

Defn: Nice; particular; fastidious; excellent; fine. [Slang]

SCRUNCH
Scrunch, v. t. & v. i. Etym: [Cf. Scranch, Crunch.]

Defn: To scranch; to crunch. Dickens.

SCRUPLE
Scru"ple, n. Etym: [L. scrupulus a small sharp or pointed stone, the
twenty-fourth part of an ounce, a scruple, uneasiness, doubt, dim. of
scrupus a rough or sharp stone, anxiety, uneasiness; perh. akin to
Gr. kshura: cf. F. scrupule.]

1. A weight of twenty grains; the third part of a dram.

2. Hence, a very small quantity; a particle.
I will not bate thee a scruple. Shak.

3. Hesitation as to action from the difficulty of determining what is
right or expedient; unwillingness, doubt, or hesitation proceeding
from motives of conscience.
He was made miserable by the conflict between his tastes and his
scruples. Macaulay.
To make scruple, to hesitate from conscientious motives; to scruple.
Locke.

SCRUPLE
Scru"ple, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scrupled; p. pr. & vb. n. Skrupling.]

Defn: To be reluctant or to hesitate, as regards an action, on
account of considerations of conscience or expedience.
We are often over-precise, scrupling to say or do those things which
lawfully we may. Fuller.
Men scruple at the lawfulness of a set form of divine worship. South.

SCRUPLE
Scru"ple, v. t.

1. To regard with suspicion; to hesitate at; to question.
Others long before them . . . scrupled more the books of hereties
than of gentiles. Milton.

2. To excite scruples in; to cause to scruple. [R.]
Letters which did still scruple many of them. E. Symmons.

SCRUPLER
Scru"pler, n.

Defn: One who scruples.

SCRUPULIST
Scru"pu*list, n.

Defn: A scrupler. [Obs.]

SCRUPULIZE
Scru"pu*lize, v. t.

Defn: To perplex with scruples; to regard with scruples. [Obs.] Bp.
Montagu.

SCRUPULOSITY
Scru`pu*los"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. scrupulositas.]

Defn: The quality or state of being scruppulous; doubt; doubtfulness
respecting decision or action; caution or tenderness from the far of
doing wrong or ofending; nice regard to exactness and propierty;
precision.
The first sacrilege is looked on with horror; but when they have made
the breach, their scrupulosity soon retires. Dr. H. More.
Careful, even to scrupulosity, . . . to keep their Sabbath. South.

SCRUPULOUS
Scru"pu*lous, a. Etym: [L. scrupulosus: cf. F. scrupuleux.]

1. Full ofscrupules; inclined to scruple; nicely doubtful; hesitating
to determine or to act, from a fear of offending or of doing wrong.
Abusing their liberty, to the offense of their weak brethren which
were scrupulous. Hooker.

2. Careful; cautious; exact; nice; as, scrupulous abstinence from
labor; scrupulous performance of duties.

3. Given to making objections; captious. [Obs.]
Equality of two domestic powers Breed scrupulous faction. Shak.

4. Liable to be doubted; doubtful; nice. [Obs.]
The justice of that cause ought to be evident; not obscrure, not
scrupulous. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Cautious; careful; conscientious; hesitating.
 -- Scru"pu*lous*ly, adv.
 -- Scru"pu*lous*ness, n.

SCRUTABLE
Scru"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Discoverable by scrutiny, inquiry, or critical examination.
[R.] r. H. More.

SCRUTATION
Scru*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. scrutatio.]

Defn: Search; scrutiny. [Obs.]

SCRUTATOR
Scru*ta"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who scrutinizes; a close examiner or inquirer. Ayliffe.

SCRUTIN DE LISTE
Scru`tin" de liste" (skrus`taN" de lest). [F., voting by list.]

Defn: Voting for a group of candidates for the same kind of office on
one ticket or ballot, containing a list of them; -- the method, used
in France, as from June, 1885, to Feb., 1889, in elections for the
Chamber of Deputies, each elector voting for the candidates for the
whole department in which he lived, as disting. from scrutin
d'arrondissement (da`rôN`des`mäN"), or voting by each elector for the
candidate or candidates for his own arrondissement only.

SCRUTINEER
Scru`ti*neer, n.

Defn: A scrutinizer; specifically, an examiner of votes, as at an
election.

SCRUTINIZE
Scru"ti*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scrutinized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Scrutinizing.] Etym: [From Scrutiny.]

Defn: To examine closely; to inspect or observe with critical
attention; to regard narrowly; as, to scrutinize the measures of
administration; to scrutinize the conduct or motives of individuals.
Whose votes they were obliged to scrutinize. Ayliffe.
Thscrutinized his face the closest. G. W. Cable.

SCRUTINIZE
Scru"ti*nize, v. i.

Defn: To make scrutiny.

SCRUTINIZER
Scru"ti*ni`zer, n.

Defn: One who scrutinizes.

SCRUTINOUS
Scru"ti*nous, a.

Defn: Closely examining, or inquiring; careful; sctrict.
 -- Scru"ti*nous*ly, adv.

SCRUTINY
Scru"ti*ny, n. Etym: [L. scrutinium, fr. scrutari to search carefuly,
originally, to search even to the rags, fr. scruta trash, trumpery;
perhaps akin to E. shred: cf. AS. scrudnian to make scrutiny.]

1. Close examination; minute inspection; critical observation.
They that have designed exactness and deep scrutiny have taken some
one part of nature. Sir M. Hale.
Thenceforth I thought thee worth my nearer view And narrower
scrutiny. Milton.

2. (Anc. Church)

Defn: An examination of catechumens, in the last week of Lent, who
were to receive baptism on Easter Day.

3. (Canon Law)

Defn: A ticket, or little paper billet, on which a vote is written.

4. (Parliamentary Practice)

Defn: An examination by a committee of the votes given at an
election, for the purpose of correcting the poll. Brande & C.

SCRUTINY
Scru"ti*ny, v. t.

Defn: To scrutinize. [Obs.]

SCRUTOIRE
Scru*toire", n. Etym: [OF. escritoire. See Escritoire.]

Defn: A escritoire; a writing desk.

SCRUZE
Scruze, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Excruciate.]

Defn: To squeeze, compress, crush, or bruise. [Obs. or Low] Spenser.

SCRY
Scry, v. t.

Defn: To descry. [Obs.] Spenser.

SCRY
Scry, n. Etym: [From Scry, v.]

Defn: A flock of wild fowl.

SCRY
Scry, n. Etym: [OE. ascrie, fr. ascrien to cry out, fr. OF. escrier,
F. s'écrier. See Ex-, and Cry.]

Defn: A cry or shout. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

SCUD
Scud, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scudded; p. pr. & vb. n. Scudding.] Etym:
[Dan. skyde to shoot, shove, push, akin to skud shot, gunshot, a
shoot, young bough, and to E. shoot. sq. root159. See Shoot.]

1. To move swiftly; especially, to move as if driven forward by
something.
The first nautilus that scudded upon the glassy surface of warm
primeval oceans. I. Taylor.
The wind was high; the vast white clouds scudded over the blue
heaven. Beaconsfield.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To be driven swiftly, or to run, before a gale, with little or
no sail spread.

SCUD
Scud, v. t.

Defn: To pass over quickly. [R.] Shenstone.

SCUD
Scud, n.

1. The act of scudding; a driving along; a rushing with
precipitation.

2. Loose, vapory clouds driven swiftly by the wind.
Borne on the scud of the sea. Longfellow.
The scud was flying fast above us, throwing a veil over the moon. Sir
S. Baker.

3. A slight, sudden shower. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small flight of larks, or other birds, less than a flock.
[Prov. Eng.]

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any swimming amphipod crustacean. Storm scud. See the Note
under Cloud.

SCUDDLE
Scud"dle, v. i. Etym: [Freq. of scud: cf. Scuttle to hurry.]

Defn: To run hastily; to hurry; to scuttle.

SCUDO
Scu"do, n.; pl. Scudi. Etym: [It., a crown, a dollar, a shield, fr.
L. scutum a shield. Cf. Scute.] (Com.)
(a) A silver coin, and money of account, used in Italy and Sicily,
varying in value, in different parts, but worth about 4 shillings
sterling, or about 96 cents; also, a gold coin worth about the same.
(b) A gold coin of Rome, worth 64 shillings 11 pence sterling, or
about $ 15.70.

SCUFF
Scuff, n. Etym: [Cf. D. schoft shoulder, Goth. skuft hair of the
head. Cf. Scruff.]

Defn: The back part of the neck; the scruff. [Prov. Eng.] Ld. Lytton.

SCUFF
Scuff, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scuffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Scuffing.] Etym:
[See Scuffle.]

Defn: To walk without lifting the feet; to proceed with a scraping or
dragging movement; to shuffle.

SCUFFLE
Scuf"fle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scuffled; p. pr. & vb. n. Scuffling.]
Etym: [Freq. of scuff, v.i.; cf. Sw. skuffa to push, shove, skuff a
push, Dan. skuffe a drawer, a shovel, and E. shuffle, shove. See
Shove, and cf. Shuffle.]

1. To strive or struggle with a close grapple; to wrestle in a rough
fashion.

2. Hence, to strive or contend tumultuously; to struggle confusedly
or at haphazard.
A gallant man had rather fight to great disadvantage in the field, in
an orderly way, than scuffle with an undisciplined rabble. Eikon
Basilike.

SCUFFLE
Scuf"fle, n.

1. A rough, haphazard struggle, or trial of strength; a disorderly
wrestling at close quarters.

2. Hence, a confused contest; a tumultuous struggle for superiority;
a fight.
The dog leaps upon the serpent, and tears it to pieces; but in the
scuffle the cradle happened to be overturned. L'Estrange.

3. A child's pinafore or bib. [Prov. Eng.]

4. A garden hoe. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

SCUFFLER
Scuf"fler, n.

1. One who scuffles.

2. An agricultural implement resembling a scarifier, but usually
lighter.

SCUG
Scug, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Dan. skugge to darken, a shade, SW. skugga to
shade, a shade, Icel. skuggja to shade, skuggi a shade.]

Defn: To hide. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

SCUG
Scug, n.

Defn: A place of shelter; the declivity of a hill. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

SCULK; SCULKER
Sculk, Sculk"er.

Defn: See Skulk, Skulker.

SCULL
Scull, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The skull. [Obs.]

SCULL
Scull, n. Etym: [See 1st School.]

Defn: A shoal of fish. Milton.

SCULL
Scull, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin; cf. Icel. skola to wash.]

1. (Naut.)
(a) A boat; a cockboat. See Sculler.
(b) One of a pair of short oars worked by one person.
(c) A single oar used at the stern in propelling a boat.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common skua gull. [Prov. Eng.]

SCULL
Scull, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sculled; p. pr. & vb. n. Sculling.]
(Naut.)

Defn: To impel (a boat) with a pair of sculls, or with a single scull
or oar worked over the stern obliquely from side to side.

SCULL
Scull, v. i.

Defn: To impel a boat with a scull or sculls.

SCULLER
Scull"er, n.

1. A boat rowed by one man with two sculls, or short oars. [R.]
Dryden.

2. One who sculls.

SCULLERY
Scul"ler*y, n.; pl. Sculleries. Etym: [Probably originally, a place
for washing dishes, and for swillery, fr. OE. swilen to wash, AS.
swilian (see Swill to wash, to drink), but influenced either by Icel.
skola, skyla, Dan. skylle, or by OF. escuelier a place for keeping
dishes, fr. escuele a dish, F. écuelle, fr. L. scutella a salver,
waiter (cf. Scuttle a basket); or perhaps the English word is
immediately from the OF. escuelier; cf. OE. squyllare a dishwasher.]

1. A place where dishes, kettles, and culinary utensils, are cleaned
and kept; also, a room attached to the kitchen, where the coarse work
is done; a back kitchen.

2. Hence, refuse; fifth; offal. [Obs.] auden.

SCULLION
Scul"lion, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A scalion.

SCULLION
Scul"lion, n. Etym: [OF. escouillon (Cot.) a dishclout, apparently
for escouvillon, F. écouvillon a swab; cf. also OF. souillon a
servant employed for base offices. Cf. Scovel.]

Defn: A servant who cleans pots and kettles, and does other menial
services in the kitchen.
The meanest scullion that followed his camp. South.

SCULLIONLY
Scul"lion*ly, a.

Defn: Like a scullion; base. [Obs.] Milton.

SCULP
Sculp, v. t. Etym: [See Sculptor.]

Defn: To sculpture; to carve; to engrave. [Obs. or Humorous.] Sandys.

SCULPIN
Scul"pin, n. Etym: [Written also skulpin.] (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of numerous species of marine cottoid fishes of the genus
Cottus, or Acanthocottus, having a large head armed with sharp
spines, and a broad mouth. They are generally mottled with yellow,
brown, and black. Several species are found on the Atlantic coasts of
Europe and America.
(b) A large cottoid market fish of California (Scorpænichthys
marmoratus); -- called also bighead, cabezon, scorpion, salpa.
(c) The dragonet, or yellow sculpin, of Europe (Callionymus lura).

Note: The name is also applied to other related California species.
Deep-water sculpin, the sea raven.

SCULPTILE
Sculp"tile, a. Etym: [L. sculptilis. See Sculptor.]

Defn: Formed by carving; graven; as, sculptile images. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

SCULPTOR
Sculp"tor, n. Etym: [L. sculptor, fr. sculpere, sculptum, to carve;
cf. scalpere to cut, carve, scratch, and Gr. sculpteur.]

1. One who sculptures; one whose occupation is to carve statues, or
works of sculpture.

2. Hence, an artist who designs works of sculpture, his first studies
and his finished model being usually in a plastic material, from
which model the marble is cut, or the bronze is cast.

SCULPTRESS
Sculp"tress, n.

Defn: A female sculptor.

SCULPTURAL
Sculp"tur*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to sculpture. G. Eliot.

SCULPTURE
Sculp"ture, n. Etym: [L. sculptura: cf. F. sculpture.]

1. The art of carving, cutting, or hewing wood, stone, metal, etc.,
into statues, ornaments, etc., or into figures, as of men, or other
things; hence, the art of producing figures and groups, whether in
plastic or hard materials.

2. Carved work modeled of, or cut upon, wood, stone, metal, etc.
There, too, in living sculpture, might be seen The mad affection of
the Cretan queen. Dryden.

SCULPTURE
Sculp"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sculptured (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sculpturing.]

Defn: To form with the chisel on, in, or from, wood, stone, or metal;
to carve; to engrave. Sculptured tortoise (Zoöl.), a common North
American wood tortoise (Glyptemys insculpta). The shell is marked
with strong grooving and ridges which resemble sculptured figures.

SCULPTURESQUE
Sculp`tur*esque", a.

Defn: After the manner of sculpture; resembling, or relating to,
sculpture.

SCUM
Scum, n. Etym: [Of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. & Sw. skum, Icel. sk, LG.
schum, D. schuim, OHG. sc, G. schaum; probably from a root meaning,
to cover. sq. root158. Cf. Hide skin, Meerschaum, Skim, v., Sky.]

1. The extraneous matter or impurities which rise to the surface of
liquids in boiling or fermentation, or which form on the surface by
other means; also, the scoria of metals in a molten state; dross.
Some to remove the scum it did rise. Spenser.

2. refuse; recrement; anything vile or worthless.
The great and innocent are insulted by the scum and refuse of the
people. Addison.

SCUM
Scum, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scummed; p. pr. & vb. n. Scumming.]

1. To take the scum from; to clear off the impure matter from the
surface of; to skim.
You that scum the molten lead. Dryden & Lee.

2. To sweep or range over the surface of. [Obs.]
Wandering up and down without certain seat, they lived by scumming
those seas and shores as pirates. Milton.

SCUM
Scum, v. i.

Defn: To form a scum; to become covered with scum. Also used
figuratively.
Life, and the interest of life, have stagnated and scummed over. A.
K. H. Boyd.

SCUMBER
Scum"ber, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Discumber.]

Defn: To void excrement. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Massinger.

SCUMBER
Scum"ber, n.

Defn: Dung. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SCUMBLE
Scum"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scumbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Scumbling.]
Etym: [Freq. of scum. sq. root 158.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: To cover lighty, as a painting, or a drawing, with a thin wash
of opaque color, or with color-crayon dust rubbed on with the stump,
or to make any similar additions to the work, so as to produce a
softened effect.

SCUMBLING
Scum"bling, n.

1. (Fine Arts)
(a) A mode of obtaining a softened effect, in painting and drawing,
by the application of a thin layer of opaque color to the surface of
a painting, or part of the surface, which is too bright in color, or
which requires harmonizing.
(b) In crayon drawing, the use of the stump.

2. The color so laid on. Also used figuratively.
Shining above the brown scumbling of leafless orchards. L. Wallace.

SCUMMER
Scum"mer, v. i.

Defn: To scumber. [Obs.] Holland.

SCUMMER
Scum"mer, n.

Defn: Excrement; scumber. [Obs.]

SCUMMER
Scum"mer, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. escumoire, F. écumoire. See Scum, and cf.
Skimmer.]

Defn: An instrument for taking off scum; a skimmer.

SCUMMING
Scum"ming, n.
(a) The act of taking off scum.
(b) That which is scummed off; skimmings; scum; -- used chiefly in
the plural.

SCUMMY
Scum"my, a.

Defn: Covered with scum; of the nature of scum. Sir P. Sidney.

SCUNNER
Scun"ner, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Shun.]

Defn: To cause to loathe, or feel disgust at. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

SCUNNER
Scun"ner, v. i.

Defn: To have a feeling of loathing or disgust; hence, to have
dislike, prejudice, or reluctance. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] C. Kingsley.

SCUNNER
Scun"ner, n.

Defn: A feeling of disgust or loathing; a strong prejudice;
abhorrence; as, to take a scunner against some one. [Scot. & Prov.
Eng.] Carlyle.

SCUP
Scup, n. Etym: [D. schop.]

Defn: A swing. [Local, U.S.]

SCUP
Scup, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. American Indian mishcùp, fr. mishe-kuppi
large, thick-scaled.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine sparoid food fish (Stenotomus chrysops, or S.
argyrops), common on the Atlantic coast of the United States. It
appears bright silvery when swimming in the daytime, but shows broad
blackish transverse bands at night and when dead. Called also porgee,
paugy, porgy, scuppaug.

Note: The same names are also applied to a closely allied Southern
species. (Stenotomus Gardeni).

SCUPPAUG
Scup"paug, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. Amer. Indian mishcuppauog, pl. of
mishcup.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See 2d Scup.

SCUPPER
Scup"per, n. Etym: [OF. escopir, escupir, to spit, perhaps for
escospir, L. ex + conspuere to spit upon; pref. con- + spuere to
spit. Cf. Spit, v.] (Naut.)

Defn: An opening cut through the waterway and bulwarks of a ship, so
that water falling on deck may flow overboard; -- called also scupper
hole.

Scupper hose (Naut.), a pipe of leather, canvas, etc., attached to
the mouth of the scuppers, on the outside of a vessel, to prevent the
water from entering. Totten.
 -- Scupper nail (Naut.), a nail with a very broad head, for securing
the edge of the hose to the scupper.
 -- Scupper plug (Naut.), a plug to stop a scupper. Totten.

SCUPPERNONG
Scup"per*nong, n. Etym: [Probably of American Indian origin.] (Bot.)

Defn: An American grape, a form of Vitis vulpina, found in the
Southern Atlantic States, and often cultivated.

SCUR
Scur, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Scour to run.]

Defn: To move hastily; to scour. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

SCURF
Scurf, n. Etym: [AS. scurf, sceorf, or from Scand.; cf. Sw. skorf,
Dan. skurv, Icel. skurfur, D. schurft, G. schorf; all akin to AS.
scurf, and to AS. sceorfan to scrape, to gnaw, G. schürfen to scrape,
and probably also to E. scrape. Cf. Scurvy.]

1. Thin dry scales or scabs upon the body; especially, thin scales
exfoliated from the cuticle, particularly of the scalp; dandruff.

2. Hence, the foul remains of anything adherent.
The scurf is worn away of each committed crime. Dryden.

3. Anything like flakes or scales adhering to a surface.
There stood a hill not far, whose grisly top Belched fire and rolling
smoke; the rest entire Shone with a glossy scurf. Milton.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Minute membranous scales on the surface of some leaves, as in
the goosefoot. Gray.

SCURFF
Scurff, n.

Defn: The bull trout. [Prov. Eng.]

SCURFINESS
Scurf"i*ness, n.

1. Quality or state of being scurfy.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Scurf.

SCURFY
Scurf"y, a. [Compar. Scurfier; superl. Scurfiest.]

Defn: Having or producing scurf; covered with scurf; resembling
scurf.

SCURRIER
Scur"ri*er, n.

Defn: One who scurries.

SCURRILE
Scur"rile, a. Etym: [L. scurrilis, fr. scurra a bufoon, jester: cf.
F. scurrile.]

Defn: Such as befits a buffoon or vulgar jester; grossly opprobrious
or loudly jocose in language; scurrilous; as, scurrile taunts.
The wretched affectation of scurrile laughter. Cowley.
A scurrile or obscene jest will better advance you at the court of
Charles than father's ancient name. Sir W. Scott.

SCURRILITY
Scur*ril"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. scurrilitas: cf. F.scurrilité.]

1. The quality or state of being scurrile or scurrilous; mean, vile,
or obscene jocularity.
Your reasons . . . have been sharp and sententious, pleasant without
scurrility. Shak.

2. That which is scurrile or scurrilous; gross or obscene language;
low buffoonery; vulgar abuse.
Interrupting prayers and sermons with clamor and scurrility.
Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Scurrilousness; abuse; insolence; vulgarity; indecency.

SCURRILOUS
Scur"ril*ous, a. Etym: [See Scurrile.]

1. Using the low and indecent language of the meaner sort of people,
or such as only the license of buffoons can warrant; as, a scurrilous
fellow.

2. Containing low indecency or abuse; mean; foul; vile; obscenely
jocular; as, scurrilous language.
The absurd and scurrilous sermon which had very unwisely been honored
with impeachment. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Opprobrious; abusive; reproachful; insulting; insolent;
offensive; gross; vile; vulgar; low; foul; foul-mounthed; indecent;
scurrile; mean.
 -- Scur"ril*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Scur"ril*ous*ness, n.

SCURRIT
Scur"rit, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: the lesser tern (Sterna minuta). [Prov. Eng.]

SCURRY
Scur"ry, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Scur, Skirr.]

Defn: To hasten away or along; to move rapidly; to hurry; as, the
rabbit scurried away.

SCURRY
Scur"ry, n.

Defn: Act of scurring; hurried movement.

SCURVILY
Scur"vi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scurvy manner.

SCURVINESS
Scur"vi*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being scurvy; vileness; meanness.

SCURVY
Scur"vy, a. [Compar. Scurvier; superl. Scurviest.] Etym: [From Scurf;
cf. Scurvy, n.]

1. Covered or affected with scurf or scabs; scabby; scurfy;
specifically, diseased with the scurvy. "Whatsoever man . . . be
scurvy or scabbed." lev. xxi. 18, 20.

2. Vile; mean; low; vulgar; contemptible. "A scurvy trick." Ld.
Lytton.
That scurvy custom of taking tobacco. Swift.
[He] spoke spoke such scurvy and provoking terms. Shak.

SCURVY
Scur"vy, n. Etym: [Probably from the same source as scirbute, but
influenced by scurf, scurfy, scurvy, adj.; cf. D. scheurbuik scurvy,
G. scharbock, LL. scorbutus. Cf. Scorbute.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease characterized by livid spots, especially about the
thighs and legs, due to extravasation of blood, and by spongy gums,
and bleeding from almost all the mucous membranes. It is accompanied
by paleness, languor, depression, and general debility. It is
occasioned by confinement, innutritious food, and hard labor, but
especially by lack of fresh vegetable food, or confinement for a long
time to a limited range of food, which is incapable of repairing the
waste of the system. It was formerly prevalent among sailors and
soldiers. Scurvy grass Etym: [Scurvy + grass; or cf. Icel. skarfakal
scurvy grass.] (Bot.) A kind of cress (Cochlearia officinalis)
growing along the seacoast of Northern Europe and in arctic regions.
It is a remedy for the scurvy, and has proved a valuable food to
arctic explorers. The name is given also to other allied species of
plants.

SCUT
Scut, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. skott a fox's tail. sq. root 159.] [Obs.]

Defn: The tail of a hare, or of a deer, or other animal whose tail is
short, sp. when carried erect; hence, sometimes, the animal itself.
"He ran like a scut." Skelton.
How the Indian hare came to have a long tail, wheras that part in
others attains no higher than a scut. Sir T. Browne.
My doe with the black scut. Shak.

SCUTA
Scu"ta, n. pl.

Defn: See Scutum.

SCUTAGE
Scu"tage (; 48), n. Etym: [LL. scutagium, from L. scutum a shield.]
(Eng. Hist.)

Defn: Shield money; commutation of service for a sum of money. See
Escuage.

SCUTAL
Scu"tal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a shield.
A good example of these scutal monstrosities. Cussans.

SCUTATE
Scu"tate, a. Etym: [L. scutatus armed with a shield, from scutum a
shield.]

1. Buckler-shaped; round or nearly round.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Protected or covered by bony or horny plates, or large scales.

SCUTCH
Scutch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scutched; p. pr. & vb. n. Scutching.]
Etym: [See Scotch to cut slightly.]

1. To beat or whip; to drub. [Old or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

2. To separate the woody fiber from (flax, hemp, etc.) by beating; to
swingle.

3. To loosen and dress the fiber of (cotton or silk) by beating; to
free (fibrous substances) from dust by beating and blowing. Scutching
machine, a machine used to scutch cotton, silk, or flax; -- called
also batting machine.

SCUTCH
Scutch, n.

1. A wooden instrument used in scutching flax and hemp.

2. The woody fiber of flax; the refuse of scutched flax. "The smoke
of the burning scutch." Cuthbert Bede.

SCUTCHEON
Scutch"eon, n. Etym: [Aphetic form of escutcheon.]

1. An escutcheon; an emblazoned shield. Bacon.
The corpse lay in state, with all the pomp of scutcheons, wax lights,
black hangings, and mutes. Macaulay.

2. A small plate of metal, as the shield around a keyhole. See
Escutcheon, 4.

SCUTCHEONED
Scutch"eoned, a.

Defn: Emblazoned on or as a shield.
Scutcheoned panes in cloisters old. Lowell.

SCUTCHER
Scutch"er, n.

1. One who scutches.

2. An implement or machine for scutching hemp, flax, or cotton; etc.;
a scutch; a scutching machine.

SCUTCH GRASS
Scutch" grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of pasture grass (Cynodon Dactylon). See Bermuda grass:
also Illustration in Appendix.

SCUTE
Scute, n. Etym: [L. scutum a shield, a buckler. See Scudo.]

1. A small shield. [Obs.] Skelton.

2. An old French gold coin of the value of 3s. 4d. sterling, or about
80 cents.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bony scale of a reptile or fish; a large horny scale on the
leg of a bird, or on the belly of a snake.

SCUTELLA
Scu*tel"la, n. pl.

Defn: See Scutellum.

SCUTELLA
Scu*tel"la, n.; pl. Scutelle. Etym: [NL., fem. dim. of L. scutum.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: See Scutellum, n., 2.

SCUTELLATE; SCUTELLATED
Scu"tel*late, Scu"tel*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. scutella a dish, salver.
Cf. Scuttle a basket.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Formed like a plate or salver; composed of platelike surfaces;
as, the scutellated bone of a sturgeon. Woodward.

2. Etym: [See Scutellum.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the tarsi covered with broad transverse scales, or
scutella; -- said of certain birds.

SCUTELLATION
Scu`tel*la"tion, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: the entire covering, or mode of arrangement, of scales, as on
the legs and feet of a bird.

SCUTELLIFORM
Scu*tel"li*form, a. Etym: [L. scutella a dish + -form.]

1. Scutellate.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of a scutellum.

SCUTELLIPLANTAR
Scu*tel`li*plan"tar, a. Etym: [L. scutellus a shield + planta foot.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Having broad scutella on the front, and small scales on the
posterior side, of the tarsus; -- said of certain birds.

SCUTELLUM
Scu*tel"lum, n.; pl. Scutella. Etym: [NL., neut. dim. of L. scutum a
shield.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A rounded apothecium having an elevated rim formed of the
proper thallus, the fructification of certain lichens.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The third of the four pieces forming the upper part of a thoracic
segment of an insect. It follows the scutum, and is followed by the
small postscutellum; a scutella. See Thorax.
(b) One of the transverse scales on the tarsi and toes of birds; a
scutella.

SCUTIBRANCH
Scu"ti*branch, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Scutibranchiate.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Scutibranchiata.

SCUTIBRANCHIA
Scu`ti*bran"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Scutibranchiata.

SCUTIBRANCHIAN
Scu`ti*bran"chi*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Scutibranchiata.

SCUTIBRANCHIATA
Scu`ti*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Scutum, and Branchia.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of gastropod Mollusca having a heart with two auricles
and one ventricle. The shell may be either spiral or shieldlike.

Note: It is now usually regarded as including only the Rhipidoglossa
and the Docoglossa. When originally established, it included a
heterogenous group of mollusks having shieldlike shells, such as
Haliotis, Fissurella, Carinaria, etc.

SCUTIBRANCHIATE
Scu`ti*bran"chi*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the gills protected by a shieldlike shell; of or
pertaining to the Scutibranchiata.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Scutibranchiata.

SCUTIFEROUS
Scu*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. scutum shield + -ferous.]

Defn: Carrying a shield or buckler.

SCUTIFORM
Scu"ti*form, a. Etym: [L. scutum shield + -form: cf. F. scutiforme.]

Defn: Shield-shaped; scutate.

SCUTIGER
Scu"ti*ger, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. scutum shield + gerere to bear.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of chilopod myriapods of the genus Scutigera. They
sometimes enter buildings and prey upon insects.

SCUTIPED
Scu"ti*ped, a. Etym: [L. scutum a shield + pes, pedis, a foot: cf. F.
scutipède.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the anterior surface of the tarsus covered with
scutella, or transverse scales, in the form of incomplete bands
terminating at a groove on each side; -- said of certain birds.

SCUTTER
Scut"ter, v. i. [Cf. Scuttle, v. i.]

Defn: To run quickly; to scurry; to scuttle. [Prov. Eng.]

A mangy little jackal . . . cocked up his ears and tail, and
scuttered across the shallows.
Kipling.

SCUTTLE
Scut"tle, n. Etym: [AS. scutel a dish, platter; cf. Icel. skutill;
both fr. L. scutella, dim. of scutra, scuta, a dish or platter; cf.
scutum a shield. Cf. Skillet.]

1. A broad, shallow basket.

2. A wide-mouthed vessel for holding coal: a coal hod.

SCUTTLE
Scut"tle, v. i. Etym: [For scuddle, fr. scud.]

Defn: To run with affected precipitation; to hurry; to bustle; to
scuddle.
With the first dawn of day, old Janet was scuttling about the house
to wake the baron. Sir W. Scott.

SCUTTLE
Scut"tle, n.

Defn: A quick pace; a short run. Spectator.

SCUTTLE
Scut"tle, n. Etym: [OF. escoutille, F. éscoutille, cf. Sp. escotilla;
probably akin to Sp. escoter to cut a thing so as to make it fit, to
hollow a garment about the neck, perhaps originally, to cut a bosom-
shaped piece out, and of Teutonic origin; cf. D. schoot lap, bosom,
G. schoss, Goth. skauts the hem of a garnment. Cf. Sheet an expanse.]

1. A small opening in an outside wall or covering, furnished with a
lid. Specifically:
(a) (Naut.) A small opening or hatchway in the deck of a ship, large
enough to admit a man, and with a lid for covering it, also, a like
hole in the side or bottom of a ship.
(b) An opening in the roof of a house, with a lid.

2. The lid or door which covers or closes an opening in a roof, wall,
or the like. Scuttle butt, or Scuttle cask (Naut.), a butt or cask
with a large hole in it, used to contain the fresh water for daily
use in a ship. Totten.

SCUTTLE
Scut"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scuttled; p. pr. & vb. n. Scuttling.]

1. To cut a hole or holes through the bottom, deck, or sides of (as
of a ship), for any purpose.

2. To sink by making holes through the bottom of; as, to scuttle a
ship.

SCUTUM
Scu"tum, n.; pl. Scuta. Etym: [L.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An oblong shield made of boards or wickerwork covered with
leather, with sometimes an iron rim; -- carried chiefly by the heavy-
armed infantry.

2. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A penthouse or awning. [Obs.] Burrill.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) The second and largest of the four parts forming the upper
surface of a thoracic segment of an insect. It is preceded by the
prescutum and followed by the scutellum. See the Illust. under
Thorax.
(b) One of the two lower valves of the operculum of a barnacle.

SCYBALA
Scyb"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Hardened masses of feces.

SCYE
Scye, n.

Defn: Arm scye, a cutter's term for the armhole or part of the
armhole of the waist of a garnment. [Cant]

SCYLE
Scyle, v. t. Etym: [AS. scylan to withdraw or remowe.]

Defn: To hide; to secrete; to conceal. [Obs.]

SCYLLA
Scyl"la, n.

Defn: A dangerous rock on the Italian coast opposite the whirpool
Charybdis on the coast of Sicily, -- both personified in classical
literature as ravenous monsters. The passage between them was
formerly considered perilous; hence, the saying "Between Scylla and
Charybdis," signifying a great peril on either hand.

SCYLLAEA
Scyl*læ"a, n. Etym: [NL. See Scylla.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of oceanic nudibranchiate mollusks having the small
branched gills situated on the upper side of four fleshy lateral
lobes, and on the median caudal crest.

Note: In color and form these mollusks closely imitate the fronds of
sargassum and other floathing seaweeds among which they live.

SCYLLARIAN
Scyl*la"ri*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a family (Scyllaridæ) of macruran Crustacea, remarkable
for the depressed form of the body, and the broad, flat antennæ. Also
used adjectively.

SCYLLITE
Scyl"lite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance of a sweetish taste, resembling
inosite and metameric with dextrose. It is extracted from the kidney
of the dogfish (of the genus Scylium), the shark, and the skate.

SCYMETAR
Scym"e*tar, n.

Defn: See Scimiter.

SCYPHA
Scy"pha, n.; pl. Scyphae. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Scyphus, 2 (b).

SCYPHIFORM
Scy"phi*form, a. Etym: [L. scyphus a cup + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Cup-shaped.

SCYPHISTOMA
Scy*phis"to*ma, n.; pl. Scyphistomata, Scyphistomæ. Etym: [NL., fr.
Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The young attached larva of Discophora in the stage when it
resembles a hydroid, or actinian.

SCYPHOBRANCHII
Scy`pho*bran"chi*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes including the blennioid and gobioid fishes,
and other related families.

SCYPHOMEDUSA; SCYPHOMEDUSAE
Scy`pho*me*du"sa, Scy`pho*me*du"sae, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
medusa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Acraspeda, or Discophora.

SCYPHOPHORI
Scy*phoph"o*ri, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fresh-water fishes inhabiting tropical Africa. They
have rudimentary electrical organs on each side of the tail.

SCYPHUS
Scy"phus, n.; pl. Scyphi. Etym: [L., a cup, Gr.

1. (Antiq.)

Defn: A kind of large drinking cup, -- used by Greeks and Romans,
esp. by poor folk.

2. (Bot.)
(a) The cup of a narcissus, or a similar appendage to the corolla in
other flowers.
(b) A cup-shaped stem or podetium in lichens. Also called scypha. See
Illust. of Cladonia pyxidata, under Lichen.

SCYTHE
Scythe (sith), n. Etym: [OE. sithe, AS. si\'ebe, sigthe; akin to
Icel. sigthr a sickle, LG. segd, seged, seed, seid, OHG. segansa
sickle, scythe, G. sense scythe, and to E. saw a cutting instrument.
See Saw.] [Written also sithe and sythe.]

1. An instrument for mowing grass, grain, or the like, by hand,
composed of a long, curving blade, with a sharp edge, made fast to a
long handle, called a snath, which is bent into a form convenient for
use.
The sharp-edged scythe shears up the spiring grass. Dryden.
The scythe of Time mows down. Milton.

2. (Antiq.)

Defn: A scythe-shaped blade attached to ancient war chariots.

SCYTHE
Scythe, v. t.

Defn: To cut with a scythe; to cut off as with a scythe; to mow.
[Obs.]
Time had not scythed all that youth begun. Shak.

SCYTHED
Scythed, a.

Defn: Armed scythes, as a chariot.
Chariots scythed, On thundering axles rolled. Glover.

SCYTHEMAN
Scythe"man, n.; pl. Scythemen (.

Defn: One who uses a scythe; a mower. Macaulay.

SCYTHESTONE
Scythe"stone`, n.

Defn: A stone for sharpening scythes; a whetstone.

SCYTHEWHET
Scythe"whet`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Wilson's thrush; -- so called from its note. [Local, U.S.]

SCYTHIAN
Scyth"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Scythia (a name given to the northern part
of Asia, and Europe adjoining to Asia), or its language or
inhabitants. Scythian lamb. (Bot.) See Barometz.

SCYTHIAN
Scyth"i*an, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Scythia; specifically (Ethnol.), one of
a Slavonic race which in early times occupied Eastern Europe.

2. The language of the Scythians.

SCYTODERMATA
Scy`to*der"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Holothurioidea.

SDAIN
Sdain, v. & n.

Defn: Disdain. [Obs.] Spenser.

'SDEATH
'Sdeath, interj. Etym: [Corrupted fr. God's death.]

Defn: An exclamation expressive of impatience or anger. Shak.

SDEIGN
Sdeign, v. t.

Defn: To disdain. [Obs.]
But either sdeigns with other to partake. Spenser.

SEA
Sea, n. Etym: [OE. see, AS. sæ; akin to D. zee, OS. & OHG. seo, G.
see, OFries. se, Dan. sö, Sw. sjö, Icel. sær, Goth. saiws, and
perhaps to L. saevus firce, savage. sq. root 151 a.]

1. One of the larger bodies of salt water, less than an ocean, found
on the earth's surface; a body of salt water of second rank,
generally forming part of, or connecting with, an ocean or a larger
sea; as, the Mediterranean Sea; the Sea of Marmora; the North Sea;
the Carribean Sea.

2. An inland body of water, esp. if large or if salt or brackish; as,
the Caspian Sea; the Sea of Aral; sometimes, a small fresh-water
lake; as, the Sea of Galilee.

3. The ocean; the whole body of the salt water which covers a large
part of the globe.
I marvel how the fishes live in the sea. Shak.
Ambiguous between sea and land The river horse and scaly crocodile.
Milton.

4. The swell of the ocean or other body of water in a high wind;
motion of the water's surface; also, a single wave; a billow; as,
there was a high sea after the storm; the vessel shipped a sea.

5. (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: A great brazen laver in the temple at Jerusalem; -- so called
from its size.
He made a molten sea of ten cubits from brim to brim, round in
compass, and five cubits the height thereof. 2 Chron. iv. 2.

6. Fig.: Anything resembling the sea in vastness; as, a sea of glory.
Shak.
All the space . . . was one sea of heads. Macaulay.

Note: Sea is often used in the composition of words of obvious
signification; as, sea-bathed, sea-beaten, sea-bound, sea-bred, sea-
circled, sealike, sea-nursed, sea-tossed, sea-walled, sea-worn, and
the like. It is also used either adjectively or in combination with
substantives; as, sea bird, sea-bird, or seabird, sea acorn, or sea-
acorn. At sea, upon the ocean; away from land; figuratively, without
landmarks for guidance; lost; at the mercy of circumstances. "To say
the old man was at sea would be too feeble an expression." G. W.
Cable -- At full sea at the height of flood tide; hence, at the
height. "But now God's mercy was at full sea." Jer. Taylor.
 -- Beyond seas, or Beyond the sea or the seas (Law), out of the
state, territory, realm, or country. Wharton.
 -- Half seas over, half drunk. [Colloq.] Spectator.
 -- Heavy sea, a sea in which the waves run high.
 -- Long sea, a sea characterized by the uniform and steady motion of
long and extensive waves.
 -- Short sea, a sea in which the waves are short, broken, and
irregular, so as to produce a tumbling or jerking motion.
 -- To go to sea, a adopt the calling or occupation of a sailor.

SEA ACORN
Sea" a"corn. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An acorn barnacle (Balanus).

SEA ADDER
Sea" ad"der. (Zoöl.)
(a) The European fifteen-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus spinachia);
-- called also bismore.
(b) The European tanglefish, or pipefish (Syngnathus acus).

SEA ANCHOR
Sea" an"chor. (Naut.)

Defn: See Drag sail, under 4th Drag.

SEA ANEMONE
Sea" a*nem"o*ne. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of soft-bodied Anthozoa, belonging
to the order Actrinaria; an actinian.

Note: They have the oral disk surrounded by one or more circles of
simple tapering tentacles, which are often very numerous, and when
expanded somewhat resemble the petals of flowers, with colors varied
and often very beautiful.

SEA APE
Sea" ape`. (Zoöl.)
(a) The thrasher shark.
(b) The sea otter.

SEA APPLE
Sea" ap"ple. (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of a West Indian palm (Manicaria Plukenetii), often
found floating in the sea. A. Grisebach.

SEA ARROW
Sea" ar"row. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A squid of the genus Ommastrephes. See Squid.

SEA BANK
Sea" bank`.

1. The seashore. Shak.

2. A bank or mole to defend against the sea.

SEA-BAR
Sea"-bar`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tern.

SEA BARROW
Sea" bar"row. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea purse.

SEA BASS
Sea" bass`.

Defn: ((Zoöl.) (a) A large marine food fish (Serranus, or
Centropristis, atrarius) which abounds on the Atlantic coast of the
United States. It is dark bluish, with black bands, and more or less
varied with small white spots and blotches. Called also, locally,
blue bass, black sea bass, blackfish, bluefish, and black perch. (b)
A California food fish (Cynoscion nobile); -- called also white sea
bass, and sea salmon.

SEA BAT
Sea" bat`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Batfish (a).

SEABEACH
Sea"beach`, n.

Defn: A beach lying along the sea. "The bleak seabeach." Longfellow.

SEA BEAN
Sea" bean. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Florida bean.

SEA BEAR
Sea" bear`. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any fur seal. See under Fur.
(b) The white bear.

SEABEARD
Sea"beard`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A green seaweed (Cladophora rupestris) growing in dense tufts.

SEA BEAST
Sea" beast`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any large marine mammal, as a seal, walrus, or cetacean.

SEA BIRD
Sea" bird`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any swimming bird frequenting the sea; a sea fowl.

SEA BLITE
Sea" blite`. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Suæda maritima) of the Goosefoot family, growing in
salt marches.

SEA-BLUBBER
Sea"-blub"ber, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A jellyfish.

SEABOARD
Sea"board`, n. Etym: [Sea + board, F. bord side.]

Defn: The seashore; seacoast. Ld. Berners.

SEABOARD
Sea"board`, a.

Defn: Bordering upon, or being near, the sea; seaside; seacoast; as,
a seaboard town.

SEABOARD
Sea"board`, adv.

Defn: Toward the sea. [R.]

SEABOAT
Sea"boat`. Etym: [AS. sæbat.]

1. A boat or vessel adapted to the open sea; hence, a vessel
considered with reference to her power of resisting a storm, or
maintaining herself in a heavy sea; as, a good sea boat.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A chitin.

SEABORD
Sea"bord`, n. & a.

Defn: See Seaboard.

SEA-BORDERING
Sea"-bor"der*ing, a.

Defn: Bordering on the sea; situated beside the sea. Drayton.

SEA-BORN
Sea"-born`, a.

1. Born of the sea; produced by the sea. "Neptune and his sea-born
niece." Waller.

2. Born at sea.

SEABOUND
Sea"bound`, a.

Defn: Bounded by the sea.

SEA BOW
Sea" bow`.

Defn: See Marine rainbow, under Rainbow.

SEA BOY
Sea" boy`.

Defn: A boy employed on shipboard.

SEA BREACH
Sea" breach`.

Defn: A breaking or overflow of a bank or a dike by the sea.
L'Estrange.

SEA BREAM
Sea" bream`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of sparoid fishes, especially the
common European species (Pagellus centrodontus), the Spanish (P.
Oweni), and the black sea bream (Cantharus lineatus); -- called also
old wife.

SEA BRIEF
Sea" brief`.

Defn: Same as Sea letter.

SEA BUG
Sea" bug`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A chiton.

SEA-BUILT
Sea"-built`, a.

Defn: Built at, in, or by the sea.

SEA BUTTERFLY
Sea" but"ter*fly`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A pteropod.

SEA CABBAGE
Sea" cab"bage (; 48). (Bot.)

Defn: See Sea kale, under Kale.

SEA CALF
Sea" calf`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common seal.

SEA CANARY
Sea" ca*na"ry. Etym: [So called from a whistling sound which it
makes.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The beluga, or white whale.

SEA CAPTAIN
Sea" cap"tain.

Defn: The captain of a vessel that sails upon the sea.

SEA CARD
Sea" card`.

Defn: Mariner's card, or compass.

SEA CATFISH; SEA CAT
Sea" cat`fish. Sea" cat`. (Zoöl.)
(a) The wolf fish.
(b) Any marine siluroid fish, as Ælurichthys marinus, and Arinus
felis, of the eastern coast of the United States. Many species are
found on the coasts of Central and South America.

SEA CHART
Sea" chart`.

Defn: A chart or map on which the lines of the shore, islands,
shoals, harbors, etc., are delineated.

SEA CHICKWEED
Sea" chick"weed`. (Bot.)

Defn: A fleshy plant (Arenaria peploides) growing in large tufts in
the sands of the northern Atlantic seacoast; -- called also sea
sandwort, and sea purslane.

SEA CLAM
Sea" clam`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of the large bivalve mollusks found on the open
seacoast, especially those of the family Mactridæ, as the common
American species. (Mactra, or Spisula, solidissima); -- called also
beach clam, and surf clam.

SEA COAL
Sea" coal`.

Defn: Coal brought by sea; -- a name by which mineral coal was
formerly designated in the south of England, in distinction from
charcoal, which was brought by land. Sea-coal facing (Founding),
facing consisting of pulverized bituminous coal.

SEACOAST
Sea"coast`, n.

Defn: The shore or border of the land adjacent to the sea or ocean.
Also used adjectively.

SEA COB
Sea" cob`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The black-backed gull.

SEA COCK
Sea" cock`.

1. In a steamship, a cock or valve close to the vessel's side, for
closing a pipe which communicates with the sea.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The black-bellied plover.
(b) A gurnard, as the European red gurnard (Trigla pini).

SEA COCOA
Sea" co"coa. (Bot.)

Defn: A magnificent palm (Lodoicea Sechellarum) found only in the
Seychelles Islands. The fruit is an immense two-lobed nut. It was
found floating in the Indian Ocean before the tree was known, and
called sea cocoanut, and double cocoanut.

SEA COLANDER
Sea" col"an*der. (Bot.)

Defn: A large blackfish seaweed (Agarum Turneri), the frond of which
is punctured with many little holes.

SEA COLEWORT
Sea" cole"wort`. (Bot.)

Defn: Sea cabbage.

SEA COMPASS
Sea" com"pass.

Defn: The mariner's compass. See under Compass.

SEA COOT
Sea" coot`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A scoter duck.

SEA CORN
Sea" corn`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A yellow cylindrical mass of egg capsule of certain species of
whelks (Buccinum), which resembles an ear of maize.

SEA COW
Sea" cow`. (Zoöl.)
(a) The mantee.
(b) The dugong.
(c) The walrus.

SEA CRAWFISH; SEA CRAYFISH
Sea" craw"fish`. Sea" cray"fish`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any crustacean of the genus Palinurus and allied genera, as the
European spiny lobster (P. vulgaris), which is much used as an
article of food. See Lobster.

SEA CROW
Sea" crow`. (Zoöl.)
(a) The chough. [Ireland]
(b) The cormorant.
(c) The blackheaded pewit, and other gulls.
(d) The skua.
(e) The razorbill. [Orkney Islands]
(f) The coot.

SEA CUCUMBER
Sea" cu"cum*ber. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any large holothurian, especially one of those belonging to the
genus Pentacta, or Cucumaria, as the common American and European
species. (P. frondosa).

SEA DACE
Sea" dace`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European sea perch.

SEA DAFFODIL
Sea" daf"fo*dil. (Bot.)

Defn: A European amarylidaceous plant (Pancratium maritimum).

SEA DEVIL
Sea" dev`il (Zoöl.)
(a) Any very large ray, especially any species of the genus Manta or
Cepholoptera, some of which become more than twenty feet across and
weigh several tons. See also Ox ray, under Ox.
(b) Any large cephalopod, as a large Octopus, or a giant squid
(Architeuthis). See Devilfish.
(c) The angler.

SEA DOG
Sea" dog`.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dogfish.
(b) The common seal.

2. An old sailor; a salt. [Colloq.]

SEA DOTTEREL
Sea" dot"ter*el. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The turnstone.

SEA DOVE
Sea" dove`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The little auk, or rotche. See Illust. of Rotche.

SEA DRAGON
Sea" drag"on. (Zoöl.)
(a) A dragonet, or sculpin.
(b) The pegasus.

SEA DRAKE
Sea" drake`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pewit gull.

SEA DUCK
Sea" duck`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of ducks which frequent the
seacoasts and feed mainly on fishes and mollusks. The scoters,
eiders, old squaw, and ruddy duck are examples. They may be
distinguished by the lobate hind toe.

SEA EAGLE
Sea" ea"gle.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of fish-eating eagles of the genus
Haliæetus and allied genera, as the North Pacific sea eagle. (H.
pelagicus), which has white shoulders, head, rump, and tail; the
European white-tailed eagle (H. albicilla); and the Indian white-
tailed sea eagle, or fishing eagle (Polioaëtus ichthyaëtus). The bald
eagle and the osprey are also sometimes classed as sea eagles.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The eagle ray. See under Ray.

SEA-EAR
Sea"-ear`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of ear-shaped shells of the genus Haliotis. See
Abalone.

SEA EEL
Sea" eel`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The conger eel.

SEA EGG
Sea" egg`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea urchin.

SEA ELEPHANT
Sea" el"e*phant. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large seal (Macrorhinus proboscideus) of the Antarctic
seas, much hunted for its oil. It sometimes attains a length of
thirty feet, and is remarkable for the prolongation of the nose of
the adult male into an erectile elastic proboscis, about a foot in
length. Another species of smaller size (M. angustirostris) occurs on
the coast of Lower California, but is now nearly extinct.

SEA FAN
Sea" fan". (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any gorgonian which branches in a fanlike form, especially
Gorgonia flabellum of Florida and the West Indies.

SEAFARER
Sea"far`er, n. Etym: [Sea + fare.]

Defn: One who follows the sea as a business; a mariner; a sailor.

SEAFARING
Sea"far`ing, a.

Defn: Following the business of a mariner; as, a seafaring man.

SEA FEATHER
Sea" feath"er. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any gorgonian which branches in a plumelike form.

SEA FENNEL
Sea" fen"nel. (Bot.)

Defn: Samphire.

SEA FERN
Sea" fern". (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any gorgonian which branches like a fern.

SEA FIGHT
Sea" fight`.

Defn: An engagement between ships at sea; a naval battle.

SEA FIR
Sea" fir`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sertularian hydroid, especially Sertularia abietina, which
branches like a miniature fir tree.

SEA FLOWER
Sea" flow"er. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea anemone, or any related anthozoan.

SEA FOAM
Sea" foam`.

1. Foam of sea water.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Meerschaum; -- called also sea froth.

SEA FOWL
Sea" fowl`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird which habitually frequents the sea, as an auk, gannet,
gull, tern, or petrel; also, all such birds, collectively.

SEA FOX
Sea" fox`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The thrasher shark. See Thrasher.

SEA FROTH
Sea" froth`.

Defn: See Sea foam, 2.

SEA-GATE; SEA-GAIT
Sea"-gate`, Sea"-gait`, n.

Defn: A long, rolling swell of the sea. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

SEA GAUGE
Sea" gauge`.

Defn: See under Gauge, n.

SEA GHERKIN; SEA GIRKIN
Sea" gher`kin, or; Sea" gir"kin. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small holothurian resembling in form a gherkin.

SEA GINGER
Sea" gin"ger. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hydroid coral of the genus Millepora, especially M.
alcicornis, of the West Indies and Florida. So called because it
stings the tongue like ginger. See Illust. under Millepore.

SEA GIRDLES
Sea" gir"dles. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of kelp (Laminaria digitata) with palmately cleft
fronds; -- called also sea wand, seaware, and tangle.

SEAGIRT
Sea"girt`, a.

Defn: Surrounded by the water of the sea or ocean; as, a seagirt
isle. Milton.

SEA GOD
Sea" god`.

Defn: A marine deity; a fabulous being supposed to live in, or have
dominion over, the sea, or some particular sea or part of the sea, as
Neptune.

SEA GODDESS
Sea" god"dess.

Defn: A goddess supposed to live in or reign over the sea, or some
part of the sea.

SEAGOING
Sea"go`ing, a.

Defn: Going upon the sea; especially, sailing upon the deep sea; --
used in distinction from coasting or river, as applied to vessels.

SEA GOOSE
Sea" goose`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A phalarope.

SEA GOWN
Sea" gown`.

Defn: A gown or frock with short sleeves, formerly worn by mariners.
Shak.

SEA GRAPE
Sea" grape`.

1. (Bot.)
(a) The gulf weed. See under Gulf.
(b) A shrubby plant (Coccoloba uvifera) growing on the sandy shores
of tropical America, somewhat resembling the grapevine.

2. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The clusters of gelatinous egg capsules of a squid (Loligo).

SEA GRASS
Sea" grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: Eelgrass.

SEA GREEN
Sea" green`.

Defn: The green color of sea water.

SEA-GREEN
Sea"-green`, a.

Defn: Of a beautiful bluish green color, like sea water on soundings.

SEA GUDGEON
Sea" gud"geon. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European black goby (Gobius niger).

SEA GULL
Sea" gull`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any gull living on the seacoast.

SEAH
Se"ah, n.

Defn: A Jewish dry measure containing one third of an an ephah.

SEA HARE
Sea" hare`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any tectibranchiate mollusk of the genus Aplysia. See Aplysia.

SEA HAWK
Sea" hawk`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A jager gull.

SEA HEATH
Sea" heath`. (Bot.)

Defn: A low perennial plant (Frankenia lævis) resembling heath,
growing along the seashore in Europe.

SEA HEDGEHOG
Sea" hedge"hog`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea urchin.

SEA HEN
Sea" hen`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: the common guillemot; -- applied also to various other sea
birds.

SEA HOG
Sea" hog`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The porpoise.

SEA HOLLY
Sea" hol"ly. (Bot.)

Defn: An evergeen seashore plant (Eryngium maritimum). See Eryngium.

SEA HOLM
Sea" holm`.

Defn: A small uninhabited island.

SEA HOLM
Sea" holm`. (Bot.)

Defn: Sea holly.

SEA HORSE
Sea" horse`.

1. A fabulous creature, half horse and half fish, represented in
classic mythology as driven by sea dogs or ridden by the Nereids. It
is also depicted in heraldry. See Hippocampus.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The walrus.
(b) Any fish of the genus Hippocampus.

Note: In a passage of Dryden's, the word is supposed to refer to the
hippopotamus.

SEA HULVER
Sea" hul"ver. (Bot.)

Defn: Sea holly.

SEA-ISLAND
Sea"-is`land, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to certain islands along the coast of South
Carolina and Georgia; as, sea-island cotton, a superior cotton of
long fiber produced on those islands.

SEA JELLY
Sea" jel"ly. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A medusa, or jellyfish.

SEAK
Seak, n.

Defn: Soap prepared for use in milling cloth.

SEA KALE
Sea" kale". (Bot.)

Defn: See under Kale.

SEA KING
Sea" king`.

Defn: One of the leaders among the Norsemen who passed their lives in
roving the seas in search of plunder and adventures; a Norse pirate
chief. See the Note under Viking.

SEAL
Seal, n. Etym: [OE. sele, AS. seolh; akin to OHG. selah, Dan. sæl,
Sw. själ, Icel. selr.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any aquatic carnivorous mammal of the families Phocidæ and
Otariidæ.

Note: Seals inhabit seacoasts, and are found principally in the
higher latitudes of both hemispheres. There are numerous species,
bearing such popular names as sea lion, sea leopard, sea bear, or
ursine seal, fur seal, and sea elephant. The bearded seal (Erignathus
barbatus), the hooded seal (Cystophora crustata), and the ringed seal
(Phoca foetida), are northern species. See also Eared seal, Harp
seal, and Fur seal, under Eared, Harp, Monk, and Fur. Seals are much
hunted for their skins and fur, and also for their oil, which in some
species is very abundant. Harbor seal (Zoöl.), the common seal (Phoca
vitulina). It inhabits both the North Atlantic and the North Pacific
Ocean, and often ascends rivers; -- called also marbled seal, native
seal, river seal, bay seal, land seal, sea calf, sea cat, sea dog,
dotard, ranger, selchie, tangfish.

SEAL
Seal, n. Etym: [OE. seel, OF. seel, F. sceau, fr. L. sigillum a
little figure or image, a seal, dim. of signum a mark, sign, figure,
or image. See Sign, n., and cf. Sigil.]

1. An engraved or inscribed stamp, used for marking an impression in
wax or other soft substance, to be attached to a document, or
otherwise used by way of authentication or security.

2. Wax, wafer, or other tenacious substance, set to an instrument,
and impressed or stamped with a seal; as, to give a deed under hand
and seal.
Till thou canst rail the seal from off my bond Thou but offend;st thy
lungs to speak so loud. Shak.

3. That which seals or fastens; esp., the wax or wafer placed on a
letter or other closed paper, etc., to fasten it.

4. That which confirms, ratifies, or makes stable; that which
authenticates; that which secures; assurance. "under the seal of
silence." Milton.
Like a red seal is the setting sun On the good and the evil men have
done. Lonfellow.

5. An arrangement for preventing the entrance or return of gas or air
into a pipe, by which the open end of the pipe dips beneath the
surface of water or other liquid, or a deep bend or sag in the pipe
is filled with the liquid; a draintrap. Great seal. See under Great.
 -- Privy seal. See under Privy, a.
 -- Seal lock, a lock in which the keyhole is covered by a seal in
such a way that the lock can not be opened without rupturing the
seal. Seal manual. See under Manual, a.
 -- Seal ring, a ring having a seal engraved on it, or ornamented
with a device resembling a seal; a signet ring. Shak.

SEAL
Seal, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sealed; p. pr. & vb. n. Skaling.] Etym:
[OE. selen; cf. OF. seeler, seieler, F. sceller, LL. sigillare. See
Seal a stamp.]

1. To set or affix a seal to; hence, to authenticate; to confirm; to
ratify; to establish; as, to seal a deed.
And with my hand I seal my true heart's love. Shak.

2. To mark with a stamp, as an evidence of standard exactness, legal
size, or merchantable quality; as, to seal weights and measures; to
seal silverware.

3. To fasten with a seal; to attach together with a wafer, wax, or
other substance causing adhesion; as, to seal a letter.

4. Hence, to shut close; to keep close; to make fast; to keep secure
or secret.
Seal up your lips, and give no words but "mum". Shak.

5. To fix, as a piece of iron in a wall, with cement, plaster, or the
like. Gwilt.

6. To close by means of a seal; as, to seal a drainpipe with water.
See 2d Seal, 5.

7. Among the Mormons, to confirm or set apart as a second or
additional wife. [Utah, U.S.]
If a man once married desires a second helpmate . . . she is sealed
to him under the solemn sanction of the church. H. Stansbury.

SEAL
Seal, v. i.

Defn: To affix one's seal, or a seal. [Obs.]
I will seal unto this bond. Shak.

SEA LACES
Sea" la"ces. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of seaweed (Chorda Filum) having blackish cordlike
fronds, often many feet long.

SEA LAMPREY
Sea" lam"prey. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common lamprey.

SEA LANGUAGE
Sea" lan"guage.

Defn: The peculiar language or phraseology of seamen; sailor's cant.

SEA LARK
Sea" lark`. (Zoöl.)
(a) The rock pipit (Anthus obscurus).
(b) Any one of several small sandpipers and plovers, as the ringed
plover, the turnstone, the dunlin, and the sanderling.

SEA LAVENDER
Sea" lav"en*der. (Bot.)

Defn: See Marsh rosemary, under Marsh.

SEA LAWYER
Sea" law"yer. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gray snapper. See under Snapper.

SEAL-BROWN
Seal"-brown`, a.

Defn: Of a rich dark brown color, like the fur of the fur seal after
it is dyed.

SEA LEGS
Sea" legs`.

Defn: Legs able to maintain their possessor upright in stormy weather
at sea, that is, ability stand or walk steadily on deck when a vessel
is rolling or pitching in a rough sea. [Sailor's Cant] Totten.

SEA LEMON
Sea" lem"on. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of nudibranchiate mollusks of the
genus Doris and allied genera, having a smooth, thick, convex yellow
body.

SEA LEOPARD
Sea" leop"ard. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of spotted seals, especially
Ogmorhinus leptonyx, and Leptonychotes Weddelli, of the Antarctic
Ocean. The North Pacific sea leopard is the harbor seal.

SEALER
Seal"er, n.

Defn: One who seals; especially, an officer whose duty it is to seal
writs or instruments, to stamp weights and measures, or the like.

SEALER
Sealer, n.

Defn: A mariner or a vessel engaged in the business of capturing
seals.

SEA LETTER
Sea" let"ter. (Mar. Law.)

Defn: The customary certificate of national character which neutral
merchant vessels are bound to carry in time of war; a passport for a
vessel and cargo.

SEA LETTUCE
Sea" let"tuce. (Bot.)

Defn: The green papery fronds of several seaweeds of the genus Ulva,
sometimes used as food.

SEA LEVEL
Sea" lev"el.

Defn: The level of the surface of the sea; any surface on the same
level with the sea.

SEALGH; SELCH
Sealgh, Selch, n.. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A seal. [Scotch]

SEA LILY
Sea" lil"y. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A crinoid.

SEALING WAX
Seal"ing wax`.

Defn: A compound of the resinous materials, pigments, etc., used as a
material for seals, as for letters, documents, etc.

SEA LION
Sea" li"on. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several large species of seals of the family
Otariidæ native of the Pacific Ocean, especially the southern sea
lion (Otaria jubata) of the South American coast; the northern sea
lion (Eumetopias Stelleri) found from California to Japan; and the
black, or California, sea lion (Zalophus Californianus), which is
common on the rocks near San Francisco.

SEA LOACH
Sea" loach". (Zoöl.)

Defn: The three-bearded rockling. See Rockling.

SEA LOUSE
Sea" louse`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of isopod crustaceans of Cymothoa,
Livoneca, and allied genera, mostly parasites on fishes.

SEALSKIN
Seal"skin`, n.

Defn: The skin of a seal; the pelt of a seal prepared for use, esp.
of the fur seal; also, a garment made of this material.

SEAM
Seam, n. Etym: [See Saim.]

Defn: Grease; tallow; lard. [Obs. or prov. Eng.] Shak. Dryden.

SEAM
Seam, n. Etym: [OE. seem, seam, AS. seám; akin to D. zoom, OHG. soum,
G. saum, LG. soom, Icel. saumr, Sw. & Dan. söm, and E. sew. sq. root
156. See Sew to fasten with thread.]

1. The fold or line formed by sewing together two pieces of cloth or
leather.

2. Hence, a line of junction; a joint; a suture, as on a ship, a
floor, or other structure; the line of union, or joint, of two
boards, planks, metal plates, etc.
Precepts should be so finely wrought together . . . that no coarse
seam may discover where they join. Addison.

3. (geol. & Mining)

Defn: A thin layer or stratum; a narrow vein between two thicker
strata; as, a seam of coal.

4. A line or depression left by a cut or wound; a scar; a cicatrix.
Seam blast, a blast by putting the powder into seams or cracks of
rocks.
 -- Seam lace, a lace used by carriage makers to cover seams and
edges; -- called also seaming lace.
 -- Seam presser. (Agric.) (a) A heavy roller to press down newly
plowed furrows. (b) A tailor's sadiron for pressing seams. Knight.
 -- Seam set, a set for flattering the seams of metal sheets, leather
work, etc.

SEAM
Seam, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Seamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Seaming.]

1. To form a seam upon or of; to join by sewing together; to unite.

2. To mark with something resembling a seam; to line; to scar.
Seamed o'Pope.

3. To make the appearance of a seam in, as in knitting a stocking;
hence, to knit with a certain stitch, like that in such knitting.

SEAM
Seam, v. i.

Defn: To become ridgy; to crack open.
Later their lips began to parch and seam. L. Wallace.

SEAM
Seam, n. Etym: [AS. seám, LL. sauma, L. sagma a packsaddle, fr. Gr.
Sumpter.]

Defn: A denomination of weight or measure. Specifically:
(a) The quantity of eight bushels of grain. "A seam of oats." P.
Plowman.
(b) The quantity of 120 pounds of glass. [Eng.]

SEA-MAID
Sea"-maid`, n.

1. The mermaid.

2. A sea nymph.

SEA-MAIL
Sea"-mail`, n. Etym: [Sea + (perhaps) Mall Mally, for Mary; hence,
Prov. E. mally a hare.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gull; the mew.

SEAMAN
Sea"man, n.; pl. Seamen (.

Defn: A merman; the male of the mermaid. [R.] "Not to mention
mermaids or seamen." Locke.

SEAMAN
Sea"man, n.; pl. Seamen. Etym: [AS. sæman.]

Defn: One whose occupation is to assist in the management of ships at
sea; a mariner; a sailor; -- applied both to officers and common
mariners, but especially to the latter. Opposed to landman, or
landsman. Able seaman, a sailor who is practically conversant with
all the duties of common seamanship.
 -- ordinary seaman. See Ordinary.

SEAMANLIKE
Sea"man*like`, a.

Defn: Having or showing the skill of a practical seaman.

SEAMANSHIP
Sea"man*ship, n.

Defn: The skill of a good seaman; the art, or skill in the art, of
working a ship.

SEA MANTIS
Sea" man"tis. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A squilla.

SEA MARGE
Sea" marge`.

Defn: Land which borders on the sea; the seashore. Shak.
You are near the sea marge of a land teeming with life. J. Burroughs.

SEAMARK
Sea"mark`, n.

Defn: Any elevated object on land which serves as a guide to
mariners; a beacon; a landmark visible from the sea, as a hill, a
tree, a steeple, or the like. Shak.

SEA MAT
Sea" mat`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bryozoan of the genus Flustra or allied genera which form
frondlike corals.

SEA MAW
Sea" maw`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sea mew.

SEAMED
Seamed, a. (Falconry)

Defn: Out of condition; not in good condition; -- said of a hawk.

SEA-MELL
Sea"-mell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sea mew.

SEA MEW
Sea" mew`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gull; the mew.

SEA MILE
Sea" mile`.

Defn: A geographical mile. See Mile.

SEA MILKWORT
Sea" milk"wort`. (Bot.)

Defn: A low, fleshy perennial herb (Glaux maritima) found along
northern seashores.

SEAMING
Seam"ing, n.

1. The act or process of forming a seam or joint.

2. (Fishing)

Defn: The cord or rope at the margin of a seine, to which the meshes
of the net are attached. Seaming machine, a machine for uniting the
edges of sheet-metal plates by bending them and pinching them
together.

SEAMLESS
Seam"less, a.

Defn: Without a seam.
Christ's seamless coat, all of a piece. Jer. Taylor.

SEA MONK
Sea" monk`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Monk seal, under Monk.

SEA MONSTER
Sea" mon"ster. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any large sea animal.

SEA MOSS
Sea" moss`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any branched marine bryozoan resembling moss.

SEA MOUSE
Sea" mouse`. (Zoöl.)
(a) A dorsibranchiate annelid, belonging to Aphrodite and allied
genera, having long, slender, hairlike setæ on the sides.
(b) The dunlin.

SEAMSTER
Seam"ster, n. Etym: [See Seamstress.]

Defn: One who sews well, or whose occupation is to sew. [Obs.]

SEAMSTRESS
Seam"stress, n. Etym: [From older seamster, properly fem., AS.
seámestre. See Seam.]

Defn: A woman whose occupation is sewing; a needlewoman.

SEAMSTRESSY
Seam"stress*y, n.

Defn: The business of a seamstress.

SEA MUD
Sea" mud`.

Defn: A rich slimy deposit in salt marshes and along the seashore,
sometimes used as a manure; -- called also sea ooze.

SEAMY
Seam"y, a.

Defn: Having a seam; containing seams, or showing them. "Many a seamy
scar." Burns.
Everything has its fair, as well as its seamy, side. Sir W. Scott.

SEAN
Sean, n.

Defn: A seine. See Seine. [Prov. Eng.]

SEANCE
Sé`ance", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. sedens, -entis, p.pr. of sedere to
sit. See Sit.]

Defn: A session, as of some public body; especially, a meeting of
spiritualists to receive spirit communication, so called.

SEA NEEDLE
Sea" nee"dle. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Garfish (a).

SEA NETTLE
Sea" net`tle.

Defn: A jellyfish, or medusa.

SEANNACHIE
Sean"na*chie, n. Etym: [Gael. seanachaidh.]

Defn: A bard among the Highlanders of Scotland, who preserved and
repeated the traditions of the tribes; also, a genealogist. [Written
also senachy.] [Scot.]

SEA ONION
Sea" on"ion. (Bot.)

Defn: The officinal squill. See Squill.

SEA OOZE
Sea" ooze`.

Defn: Same as Sea mud. Mortimer.

SEA ORANGE
Sea" or"ange. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large American holothurian (Lophothuria Fabricii) having a
bright orange convex body covered with finely granulated scales. Its
expanded tentacles are bright red.

SEA-ORB
Sea"-orb`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A globefish.

SEA OTTER
Sea" ot"ter. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An aquatic carnivore (Enhydris lutris, or marina) found in the
North Pacific Ocean. Its fur is highly valued, especially by the
Chinese. It is allied to the common otter, but is larger, with feet
more decidedly webbed. Sea-otter's cabbage (Bot.), a gigantic kelp of
the Pacific Ocean (Nereocystis Lutkeana). See Nereocystis.

SEA OWL
Sea" owl`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lumpfish.

SEA PAD
Sea" pad`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The puffin.

SEA PARROT
Sea" par"rot (se" par"rut). (Zoöl.)

Defn: The puffin.

SEA PARTRIDGE
Sea" par"tridge. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gilthead (Crenilabrus melops), a fish of the British
coasts.

SEA PASS
Sea" pass`.

Defn: A document carried by neutral merchant vessels in time of war,
to show their nationality; a sea letter or passport. See Passport.

SEA PEACH
Sea" peach`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beautiful American ascidian (Cynthia, or Halocynthia,
pyriformis) having the size, form, velvety surface, and color of a
ripe peach.

SEA PEAR
Sea" pear`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A pedunculated ascidian of the genus Boltonia.

SEA-PEN
Sea"-pen", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A pennatula.

SEA PERCH
Sea" perch`. (Zoöl.)
(a) The European bass (Roccus, or Labrax, lupus); -- called also sea
dace.
(b) The cunner.
(c) The sea bass.
(d) The name is applied also to other species of fishes.

SEA PHEASANT
Sea" pheas"ant. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pintail duck.

SEA PIE
Sea" pie. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The oyster catcher, a limicoline bird of the genus Hæmatopus.

SEA PIE
Sea" pie`.

Defn: A dish of crust or pastry and meat or fish, etc., cooked
together in alternate layers, -- a common food of sailors; as, a
three-decker sea pie.

SEAPIECE
Sea"piece`, n.

Defn: A picture representing a scene at sea; a marine picture.
Addison.

SEA PIET
Sea" pi"et. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See 1st Sea pie.

SEA PIG
Sea" pig`. (Zoöl.)
(a) A porpoise or dolphin.
(b) A dugong.

SEA PIGEON
Sea" pi"geon.

Defn: The common guillemot.

SEA PIKE
Sea" pike`. (Zoöl.)
(a) The garfish.
(b) A large serranoid food fish (Centropomus undecimalis) found on
both coasts of America; -- called also robalo.
(c) The merluce.

SEA PINCUSHION
Sea" pin`cush`ion. (Zoöl.)
(a) A sea purse.
(b) A pentagonal starfish.

SEA PINK
Sea" pink`. (Bot.)

Defn: See Thrift.

SEA PLOVER
Sea" plov"er.

Defn: the black-bellied plover.

SEA POACHER; SEA POKER
Sea" poach"er. Sea" pok"er. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lyrie.

SEA POOL
Sea" pool`.

Defn: A pool of salt water. Spenser.

SEA POPPY
Sea" pop"py. (Bot.)

Defn: The horn poppy. See under Horn.

SEA PORCUPINE
Sea" por"cu*pine. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fish of the genus Diodon, and allied genera, whose body is
covered with spines. See Illust. under Diodon.

SEA PORK
Sea" pork`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American compound ascidian (Amoræcium stellatum) which forms
large whitish masses resembling salt pork.

SEA PORT
Sea" port`, n.

Defn: A port on the seashore, or one accessible for seagoing vessels.
Also used adjectively; as, a seaport town.

SEAPOY
Sea"poy, n.

Defn: See Sepoy.

SEA PUDDING
Sea" pud"ding. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any large holothurian. [Prov. Eng.]

SEA PURSE
Sea" purse`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The horny egg case of a skate, and of certain sharks.

SEA PURSLANE
Sea" purs"lane. (Bot.)

Defn: See under Purslane.

SEA PYE
Sea" pye`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See 1st Sea pie.

SEA PYOT
Sea" py"ot. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See 1st Sea pie.

SEA QUAIL
Sea" quail`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The turnstone.

SEAQUAKE
Sea"quake`, n.

Defn: A quaking of the sea.

SEAR; SERE
Sear, Sere, a.

Defn: [OE. seer, AS. seár (assumed) fr. seárian to wither; akin to D.
zoor dry, LG. soor, OHG. soren to to wither, Gr. sush) to dry, to
wither, Zend hush to dry. sq. root152. Cf. Austere, Sorrel, a.] Dry;
withered; no longer green; -- applied to leaves. Milton.
I have lived long enough; my way of life Is fall'n into the sear, the
yellow leaf. Shak.

SEAR
Sear, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Seared; p. pr. & vb. n. Searing.] Etym:
[OE.seeren, AS. seárian. See Sear, a.]

1. To wither; to dry up. Shak.

2. To burn (the surface of) to dryness and hardness; to cauterize; to
expose to a degree of heat such as changes the color or the hardness
and texture of the surface; to scorch; to make callous; as, to sear
the skin or flesh. Also used figuratively.
I'm seared with burning steel. Rowe.
It was in vain that the amiable divine tried to give salutary pain to
that seared conscience. Macaulay.
The discipline of war, being a discipline in destruction of life, is
a discipline in callousness. Whatever sympathies exist are seared. H.
Spencer.

Note: Sear is allied to scorch in signification; but it is applied
primarily to animal flesh, and has special reference to the effect of
heat in marking the surface hard. Scorch is applied to flesh, cloth,
or any other substance, and has no reference to the effect of
hardness. To sear, to close by searing. "Cherish veins of good humor,
and sear up those of ill." Sir W. Temple.

SEAR
Sear, n. Etym: [F. serre a grasp, pressing, fr. L. sera. See Serry.]

Defn: The catch in a gunlock by which the hammer is held cocked or
half cocked. Sear spring, the spring which causes the sear to catch
in the notches by which the hammer is held.

SEA RAT
Sea" rat`.

1. A pirate. [R.] Massinger.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chimæra.

SEA RAVEN
Sea" ra"ven. (Zoöl.)
(a) An American cottoid fish (Hemitripterus Americanus) allied to the
sculpins, found on the northeren Atlantic coasts.
(b) The cormorant.

SEARCE
Searce, n. Etym: [See Sarse.]

Defn: A fine sieve. [Obs.]

SEARCE
Searce, v. t.

Defn: To sift; to bolt. [Obs.] Mortimer.

SEARCER
Sear"cer, n.

1. One who sifts or bolts. [Obs.]

2. A searce, or sieve. [Obs.] Holland.

SEARCH
Search, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Searched; p. pr. & vb. n. Searching.]
Etym: [OE. serchen, cerchen, OF. cerchier, F. chercher, L. circare to
go about, fr. L. circum, circa, around. See Circle.]

1. To look over or through, for the purpose of finding something; to
examine; to explore; as, to search the city. "Search the Scriptures."
John v. 39.
They are come to search the house. Shak.
Search me, O God, and know my heart. Ps. cxxxix. 23.

2. To inquire after; to look for; to seek.
I will both search my sheep, and seek them out. Ezek. xxxiv. 11.
Enough is left besides to search and know. Milton.

3. To examine or explore by feeling with an instrument; to probe; as,
to search a wound.

4. To examine; to try; to put to the test. To search out, to seek
till found; to find by seeking; as, to search out truth.

Syn.
 -- To explore; examine; scrutinize; seek; investigate; pry into;
inquire.

SEARCH
Search, v. i.

Defn: To seek; to look for something; to make inquiry, exploration,
or examination; to hunt.
Once more search with me. Shak.
It sufficeth that they have once with care sifted the matter, and
searched into all the particulars. Locke.

SEARCH
Search, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. cerche. See Search, v. t.]

Defn: The act of seeking or looking for something; quest; inquiry;
pursuit for finding something; examination.
Thus the orb he roamed With narrow search, and with inspection deep
Considered every creature. Milton.
Nor did my search of liberty begin Till my black hairs were changed
upon my chin. Dryden.
Right of search (Mar. Law), the right of the lawfully commissioned
cruisers of belligerent nations to examine and search private
merchant vessels on the high seas, for the enemy's property or for
articles contraband of war.
 -- Search warrant (Law), a warrant legally issued, authorizing an
examination or search of a house, or other place, for goods stolen,
secreted, or concealed.

Syn.
 -- Scrutiny; examination; exploration; investigation; research;
inquiry; quest; pursuit.

SEARCHABLE
Search"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being searched.

SEARCHABLENESS
Search"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being searchable.

SEARCHER
Search"er, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. cercheor inspector.]

Defn: One who, or that which, searhes or examines; a seeker; an
inquirer; an examiner; a trier. Specifically:
(a) Formerly, an officer in London appointed to examine the bodies of
the dead, and report the cause of death. Graunt.
(b) An officer of the customs whose business it is to search ships,
merchandise, luggage, etc.
(c) An inspector of leather. [Prov. Eng.]
(d) (Gun.) An instrument for examining the bore of a cannon, to
detect cavities.
(e) An implement for sampling butter; a butter trier.
(j) (Med.) An instrument for feeling after calculi in the bladder,
etc.

SEARCHING
Search"ing, a.

Defn: Exploring thoroughly; scrutinizing; penetrating; trying; as, a
searching discourse; a searching eye. "Piercing, searching, biting,
cold." Dickens.
 -- Search"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Search"ing*ness, n.

SEARCHLESS
Search"less, a.

Defn: Impossible to be searched; inscrutable; impenetrable.

SEARCHLIGHT
Search"light`, n.
 (a) An apparatus for projecting a powerful beam of light of
approximately parallel rays, usually devised so that it can be
swiveled about.
 (b) The beam of light projecting by this apparatus.

SEARCLOTH
Sear"cloth`, n.

Defn: Cerecloth. Mortimer.

SEARCLOTH
Sear"cloth, v. t.

Defn: To cover, as a sore, with cerecloth.

SEARED
Seared, a.

Defn: Scorched; cauterized; hence, figuratively, insensible; not
susceptible to moral influences.
A seared conscience and a remorseless heart. Macaulay.

SEAREDNESS
Sear"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being seared or callous; insensibility. Bp. Hall.

SEA REED
Sea" reed`. (Bot.)

Defn: The sea-sand reed. See under Reed.

SEA RISK
Sea" risk.

Defn: Risk of injury, destruction, or loss by the sea, or while at
sea.

SEA ROBBER
Sea" rob"ber.

Defn: A pirate; a sea rover.

SEA ROBIN
Sea" rob"in.

Defn: See under Robin, and Illustration in Appendix.

SEA ROCKET
Sea" rock"et.(Bot.)

Defn: See under Rocket.

SEA ROOM
Sea" room`. (Naut.)

Defn: Room or space at sea for a vessel to maneuver, drive, or scud,
without peril of running ashore or aground. Totten.

SEA ROVER
Sea" rov"er.

Defn: One that cruises or roves the sea for plunder; a sea robber; a
pirate; also, a piratical vessel.

SEA-ROVING
Sea"-rov"ing

Defn: , a. Cruising at random on the ocean.

SEA SALMON
Sea" salm"on. (Zoöl.)
(a) A young pollock.
(b) The spotted squeteague.
(c) See Sea bass (b).

SEA SALT
Sea" salt`.

Defn: Common salt, obtained from sea water by evaporation.

SEA SANDPIPER
Sea" sand"pi`per. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The purple sandpiper.

SEA SANDWORT
Sea" sand"wort`. (Bot.)

Defn: See Sea chickweed.

SEA SAURIAN
Sea" sau"ri*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine saurian; esp. (Paleon.) the large extinct species of
Mosasaurus, Icthyosaurus, Plesiosaurus, and related genera.

SEASCAPE
Sea"scape, n. Etym: [Cf. Landscape.]

Defn: A picture representing a scene at sea. [Jocose] Thackeray.

SEA SCORPION
Sea" scor"pi*on. (Zoöl.)
(a) A European sculpin (Cottus scorpius) having the head armed with
short spines.
(b) The scorpene.

SEA SCURF
Sea" scurf`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bryozoan which forms rounded or irregular patches of coral
on stones, seaweeds, etc.

SEA SERPENT
Sea" ser`pent.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine snake. See Sea snake.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large marine animal of unknown nature, often reported to have
been seen at sea, but never yet captured.

Note: Many accounts of sea serpents are imaginary or fictitious;
others are greatly exaggerated and distorted by incompetent
observers; but a number have been given by competent and trustworthy
persons, which indicate that several diverse animals have been called
sea serpents. Among these are, apparently, several large snakelike
fishes, as the oar fish, or ribbon fish (Regalecus), and huge conger
eels. Other accounts probably refer to the giant squids
(Architeuthis). Some of the best accounts seem to describe a marine
saurian, like the fossil Mosasauri, which were large serpentlike
creatures with paddles.

SEASHELL
Sea"shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The shell of any marine mollusk.

SEASHORE
Sea"shore`, n.

1. The coast of the sea; the land that lies adjacent to the sea or
ocean.

2. (Law)

Defn: All the ground between the ordinary highwater and low-water
marks.

SEASICK
Sea"sick`, a.

Defn: Affected with seasickness.

SEASICKNESS
Sea"sick`ness, n.

Defn: The peculiar sickness, characterized by nausea and prostration,
which is caused by the pitching or rolling of a vessel.

SEASIDE
Sea"side`, n.

Defn: The land bordering on, or adjacent to, the sea; the seashore.
Also used adjectively.

SEA SLATER
Sea" slat"er. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any isopod crustacean of the genus Ligia.

SEA SLUG
Sea" slug`. (Zoöl.)
(a) A holothurian.
(b) A nudibranch mollusk.

SEA SNAIL
Sea" snail`. (Zoöl.)
(a) A small fish of the genus Liparis, having a ventral sucker. It
lives among stones and seaweeds.
(b) Any small creeping marine gastropod, as the species of Littorina,
Natica, etc.

SEA SNAKE
Sea" snake`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of many species of venomous aquatic snakes of the
family Hydrophidæ, having a flattened tail and living entirely in the
sea, especially in the warmer parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
They feed upon fishes, and are mostly of moderate size, but some
species become eight or ten feet long and four inches broad.

SEA SNIPE
Sea" snipe`. (Zoöl.)
(a) A sandpiper, as the knot and dunlin.
(b) The bellows fish.

SEASON
Sea"son, n. Etym: [OE. sesoun, F. saison, properly, the sowing time,
fr. L. satio a sowing, a planting, fr. serere, satum, to sow, plant;
akin to E. sow, v., to scatter, as seed.]

1. One of the divisions of the year, marked by alternations in the
length of day and night, or by distinct conditions of temperature,
moisture, etc., caused mainly by the relative position of the earth
with respect to the sun. In the north temperate zone, four seasons,
namely, spring, summer, autumn, and winter, are generally recognized.
Some parts of the world have three seasons, -- the dry, the rainy,
and the cold; other parts have but two, -- the dry and the rainy.
The several seasons of the year in their beauty. Addison.

2. Hence, a period of time, especially as regards its fitness for
anything contemplated or done; a suitable or convenient time; proper
conjuncture; as, the season for planting; the season for rest.
The season, prime for sweetest scents and airs. Milton.

3. A period of time not very long; a while; a time.
Thou shalt be blind, not seeing the sun for a season. Acts xiii. 11.

4. That which gives relish; seasoning. [Obs.]
You lack the season of all natures, sleep. Shak.
In season, in good time, or sufficiently early for the purpose.
 -- Out of season, beyond or out of the proper time of the usual or
appointed time.

SEASON
Sea"son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Seasoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Seasoning.]

1. To render suitable or appropriate; to prepare; to fit.
He is fit and seasoned for his passage. Shak.

2. To fit for any use by time or habit; to habituate; to accustom; to
inure; to ripen; to mature; as, to season one to a climate.

3. Hence, to prepare by drying or hardening, or removal of natural
juices; as, to season timber.

4. To fit for taste; to render palatable; to give zest or relish to;
to spice; as, to season food.

5. Hence, to fit for enjoyment; to render agrecable.
You season still with sports your serious hours. Dryden.
The proper use of wit is to season conversation. Tillotson.

6. To qualify by admixture; to moderate; to temper. "When mercy
seasons justice." Shak.

7. To imbue; to tinge or taint. "Who by his tutor being seasoned with
the love of the truth." Fuller.
Season their younger years with prudent and pious principles. Jer.
Taylor.

8. To copulate with; to impregnate. [R.] Holland.

SEASON
Sea"son, v. i.

1. To become mature; to grow fit for use; to become adapted to a
climate.

2. To become dry and hard, by the escape of the natural juices, or by
being penetrated with other substance; as, timber seasons in the sun.

3. To give token; to savor. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

SEASONABLE
Sea"son*a*ble, a.

Defn: Occurring in good time, in due season, or in proper time for
the purpose; suitable to the season; opportune; timely; as, a
seasonable supply of rain.
Mercy is seasonable in the time of affliction. Ecclus. xxxv. 20.
-- Sea"son*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Sea"son*a*bly, adv.

SEASONAGE
Sea"son*age, n.

Defn: A seasoning. [Obs.] outh.

SEASONAL
Sea"son*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the seasons. Seasonal dimorphism (Zoöl.),
the condition of having two distinct varieties which appear at
different seasons, as certain species of butterflies in which the
spring brood differs from the summer or autumnal brood.

SEASONER
Sea"son*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, seasons, or gives a relish; a
seasoning.

SEASONING
Sea"son*ing, n.

1. The act or process by which anything is seasoned.

2. That which is added to any species of food, to give it a higher
relish, as salt, spices, etc.; a condiment.

3. Hence, something added to enhance enjoyment or relieve dullness;
as, wit is the seasoning of conversation.
Political speculations are of so dry and austere a nature, that they
will not go down with the public without frequent seasonings.
Addison.
Seasoning tub (Bakery), a trough in which dough is set to rise.
Knight.

SEASONLESS
Sea"son*less, a.

Defn: Without succession of the seasons.

SEA SPIDER
Sea" spi"der. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any maioid crab; a spider crab. See Maioid, and Spider crab,
under Spider.
(b) Any pycnogonid.

SEA SQUIRT
Sea" squirt`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An ascidian. See Illust. under Tunicata.

SEA STAR
Sea" star`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A starfish, or brittle star.

SEA SURGEON
Sea" sur"geon. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A surgeon fish.

SEA SWALLOW
Sea" swal"low.

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) The common tern.
(b) The storm petrel.
(c) The gannet.

2. (Her.)

Defn: See Cornish chough, under Chough.

SEAT
Seat, n. Etym: [OE. sete, Icel. sæti; akin to Sw. säte, Dan. sæde,
MHG. saze, AS. set, setl, and E. sit. sq. root154. See Sit, and cf.
Settle, n.]

1. The place or thing upon which one sits; hence; anything made to be
sat in or upon, as a chair, bench, stool, saddle, or the like.
And Jesus . . . overthrew the tables of the money changers, and the
seats of them that sold doves. Matt. xxi. 12.

2. The place occupied by anything, or where any person or thing is
situated, resides, or abides; a site; an abode, a station; a post; a
situation.
Where thou dwellest, even where Satan's seat is. Rev. ii. 13.
He that builds a fair house upon an ill seat committeth himself to
prison. Bacon.
A seat of plenty, content, and tranquillity. Macaulay.

3. That part of a thing on which a person sits; as, the seat of a
chair or saddle; the seat of a pair of pantaloons.

4. A sitting; a right to sit; regular or appropriate place of
sitting; as, a seat in a church; a seat for the season in the opera
house.

5. Posture, or way of sitting, on horseback.
She had so good a seat and hand she might be trusted with any mount.
G. Eliot.

6. (Mach.)

Defn: A part or surface on which another part or surface rests; as, a
valve seat. Seat worm (Zoöl.), the pinworm.

SEAT
Seat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Seated; p. pr. & vb. n. Seating.]

1. To place on a seat; to cause to sit down; as, to seat one's self.
The guests were no sooner seated but they entered into a warm debate.
Arbuthnot.

2. To cause to occupy a post, site, situation, or the like; to
station; to establish; to fix; to settle.
Thus high . . . is King Richard seated. Shak.
They had seated themselves in New Guiana. Sir W. Raleigh.

3. To assign a seat to, or the seats of; to give a sitting to; as, to
seat a church, or persons in a church.

4. To fix; to set firm.
From their foundations, loosening to and fro, They plucked the seated
hills. Milton.

5. To settle; to plant with inhabitants; as to seat a country. [Obs.]
W. Stith.

6. To put a seat or bottom in; as, to seat a chair.

SEAT
Seat, v. i.

Defn: To rest; to lie down. [Obs.] Spenser.

SEA TANG
Sea" tang`. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of seaweed; tang; tangle.
To their nests of sedge and sea tang. Longfellow.

SEA TERM
Sea" term`.

Defn: A term used specifically by seamen; a nautical word or phrase.

SEA THIEF
Sea" thief`.

Defn: A pirate. Drayton.

SEA THONGS
Sea" thongs`. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of blackish seaweed (Himanthalia lorea) found on the
northern coasts of the Atlantic. It has a thonglike forking process
rising from a top-shaped base.

SEATING
Seat"ing, n.

1. The act of providong with a seat or seats; as, the seating of an
audience.

2. The act of making seats; also, the material for making seats; as,
cane seating.

SEA TITLING
Sea" tit"ling. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The rock pipit.

SEATLESS
Seat"less, a.

Defn: Having no seat.

SEA TOAD
Sea" toad`. (Zoöl.)
(a) A sculpin.
(b) A toadfish.
(c) The angler.

SEA TROUT
Sea" trout`. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of several species of true trouts which descend rivers
and enter the sea after spawning, as the European bull trout and
salmon trout, and the eastern American spotted trout.
(b) The common squeteague, and the spotted squeteague.
(c) A California fish of the family Chiridæ, especially Hexagrammus
decagrammus; -- called also spotted rock trout. See Rock trout, under
Rock.
(d) A California sciænoid fish (Cynoscion nobilis); -- called also
white sea bass.

SEA TRUMPET
Sea" trum"pet.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A great blackish seaweed of the Southern Ocean, having a hollow
and expanding stem and a pinnate frond, sometimes twenty feet long.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any large marine univalve shell of the genus Triton. See
Triton.

SEA TURN
Sea" turn`.

Defn: A breeze, gale, or mist from the sea. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

SEA TURTLE
Sea" tur"tle. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of several very large species of chelonians having the
feet converted into paddles, as the green turtle, hawkbill,
loggerhead, and leatherback. They inhabit all warm seas.
(b) The sea pigeon, or guillemot.

SEA UNICORN
Sea" u"ni*corn. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The narwhal.

SEA URCHIN
Sea" ur"chin. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of echinoderms of the order
Echinoidea.

Note: When living they are covered with movable spines which are
often long and sharp.

SEAVE
Seave, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. siv, Sw. säf, Icel. sef.]

Defn: A rush. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

SEAVY
Seav`y, a.

Defn: Overgrown with rushes. [Prov. Eng.]

SEA WALL
Sea" wall`. Etym: [AS. sæweall.]

Defn: A wall, or embankment, to resist encroachments of the sea.

SEA-WALLED
Sea"-walled`, a.

Defn: Surrounded, bounded, or protected by the sea, as if by a wall.
Shak.

SEAWAN; SEAWANT
Sea"wan, Sea"want, n.

Defn: The name used by the Algonquin Indians for the shell beads
which passed among the Indians as money.

Note: Seawan was of two kinds; wampum, white, and suckanhock, black
or purple, -- the former having half the value of the latter. Many
writers, however, use the terms seawan and wampum indiscriminately.
Bartlett.

SEAWAND
Sea"wand` . (Bot.)

Defn: See Sea girdles.

SEAWARD
Sea"ward, a.

Defn: Directed or situated toward the sea. Donne.
Two still clouds . . . sparkled on their seaward edges like a frosted
fleece. G. W. Cable.

SEAWARD
Sea"ward, adv.

Defn: Toward the sea. Drayton.

SEAWARE
Sea"ware`, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. sæwar seaweed.] (Bot.)

Defn: Seaweed; esp., coarse seaweed. See Ware, and Sea girdles.

SEAWEED
Sea"weed`, n.

1. Popularly, any plant or plants growing in the sea.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Any marine plant of the class Algæ, as kelp, dulse, Fucus,
Ulva, etc.

SEA WHIP
Sea" whip`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gorgonian having a simple stem.

SEA WIDGEON
Sea" wid"geon. (Zoöl.)
(a) The scaup duck.
(b) The pintail duck.

SEAWIFE
Sea"wife`, n.; pl. Seawives (. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European wrasse (Labrus vetula).

SEA WILLOW
Sea" wil"low. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gorgonian coral with long flexible branches.

SEA WING
Sea" wing`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wing shell (Avicula).

SEA WITHWIND
Sea" with"wind`.

Defn: (Bot.) A kind of bindweed (Convolvulus Soldanella) growing on
the seacoast of Europe.

SEA WOLF
Sea" wolf`. (Zoöl.)
(a) The wolf fish.
(b) The European sea perch.
(c) The sea elephant.
(d) A sea lion.

SEA WOODCOCK
Sea" wood"cock`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bar-tailed godwit.

SEA WOOD LOUSE
Sea" wood louse`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea slater.

SEA WORMWOOD
Sea" worm"wood`. (Bot.)

Defn: A European species of wormwood (Artemisia maritima) growing by
the sea.

SEAWORTHINESS
Sea"wor`thi*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being seaworthy, or able to resist the
ordinary violence of wind and weather. Kent.

SEAWORTHY
Sea"wor`thy, a.

Defn: Fit for a voyage; worthy of being trusted to transport a cargo
with safety; as, a seaworthy ship.

SEA WRACK
Sea" wrack`. (Bot.)

Defn: See Wrack.

SEBACEOUS
Se*ba"ceous, a. Etym: [NL. sebaceus, from L. sebum tallow, grease.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or secreting, fat; composed of fat; having the
appearance of fat; as, the sebaceous secretions of some plants, or
the sebaceous humor of animals. Sebaceous cyst (Med.), a cyst formed
by distention of a sebaceous gland, due to obstruction of its
excretory duct.
 -- Sebaceous glands (Anat.), small subcutaneous glands, usually
connected with hair follicles. They secrete an oily semifluid matter,
composed in great part of fat, which softens and lubricates the hair
and skin.

SEBACIC
Se*bac"ic, a. Etym: [L. sebum tallow: cf. F. sébacique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to fat; derived from, or resembling, fat;
specifically, designating an acid (formerly called also sebic, and
pyroleic, acid), obtained by the distillation or saponification of
certain oils (as castor oil) as a white crystalline substance.

SEBAT
Se"bat, n. Etym: [Heb. shèbat.]

Defn: The eleventh month of the ancient Hebrew year, approximately
corresponding with February. W. Smith (Bibl. Dict. ).

SEBATE
Se"bate (se"b\ddt), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sebacic acid.

SEBESTEN
Se*bes"ten, n. Etym: [Ar. sebestan the tree: cf. Sp. sebesten.]
(Bot.)

Defn: The mucilaginous drupaceous fruit of two East Indian trees
(Cordia Myxa, and C. latifolia), sometimes used medicinally in
pectoral diseases.

Note: In the West Indies the name is given to the similar fruit of
Cordia Sebestana.

SEBIC
Se"bic, a.

Defn: See Sebacic. [Obs.]

SEBIFEROUS
Se*bif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. sebum tallow + -ferous.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Producing vegetable tallow.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Producing fat; sebaceous; as, the sebiferous, or sebaceous,
glands.

SEBIPAROUS
Se*bip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. sebum tallow + parere to bring forth.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Sebiferous.

SEBORRHEA
Seb"or*rhe*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sebum tallow + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A morbidly increased discharge of sebaceous matter upon the
skin; stearrhea.

SECALE
Se*ca"le, n. Etym: [L., a kind of grain.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of cereal grasses including rye.

SECANCY
Se"can*cy, n. Etym: [See Secant.]

Defn: A cutting; an intersection; as, the point of secancy of one
line by another. [R.] Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ).

SECANT
Se"cant, a. Etym: [L. secans, -antis, p.pr. of secare to cut. See
Section.]

Defn: Cutting; divivding into two parts; as, a secant line.

SECANT
Secant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sécante. See Secant, a.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A line that cuts another; especially, a straight line cutting a
curve in two or more points.

2. (Trig.)

Defn: A right line drawn from the center of a circle through one end
of a circular arc, and terminated by a tangent drawn from the other
end; the number expressing the ratio line of this line to the radius
of the circle. See Trigonometrical function, under Function.

SECCO
Sec"co, a. Etym: [It.]

Defn: Dry. Secco painting, or Painting in secco, painting on dry
plaster, as distinguished from fresco painting, which is on wet or
fresh plaster.

SECEDE
Se"cede", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Seceded; p. pr. & vb. n. Seceding.]
Etym: [L. secedere, secessum; pref se- aside + cedere to go, move.
See Cede.]

Defn: To withdraw from fellowship, communion, or association; to
separate one's self by a solemn act; to draw off; to retire;
especially, to withdraw from a political or religious body.

SECEDER
Se*ced"er, n.

1. One who secedes.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a numerous body of Presbyterians in Scotland who seceded
from the communion of the Established Church, about the year 1733,
and formed the Secession Church, so called.

SECERN
Se*cern", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Secerned; p. pr. & vb. n. Secerning.]
Etym: [L. secernere. See Secrete.]

1. To separate; to distinguish.
Averroes secerns a sense of titillation, and a sense of hunger and
thirst. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: To secrete; as, mucus secerned in the nose. Arbuthnot.

SECERNENT
Se*cern"ent, a. Etym: [L. secernens, p.pr.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Secreting; secretory.

SECERNENT
Se*cern"ent, n.

1. That which promotes secretion.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A vessel in, or by means of, which the process of secretion
takes place; a secreting vessel.

SECERNMENT
Se*cern"ment, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act or process of secreting.

SECESS
Se*cess", n. Etym: [L. secessus. See Secede.]

Defn: Retirement; retreat; secession. [Obs.] R. H. More.

SECESSION
Se*ces"sion, n. Etym: [L. secessio: cf. F. sécession. See Secede.]

1. The act of seceding; separation from fellowship or association
with others, as in a religious or political organization; withdrawal.

2. (U.S. Hist.)

Defn: The withdrawal of a State from the national Union. Secession
Church (in Scotland). See Seceder.

SECESSIONISM
Se*ces"sion*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine or policy of secession; the tenets of secession;
the tenets of secessionists.

SECESSIONIST
Se*ces"sion*ist, n.

1. One who upholds secession.

2. (U.S. Hist.)

Defn: One who holds to the belief that a State has the right to
separate from the Union at its will.

SECHE
Seche, v. t. & i.

Defn: To seek. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SECHIUM
Se"chi*um, n. Etym: [NL.: cf. F. séchion; perhaps formed fr. Gr.
(Bot.)

Defn: The edible fruit of a West Indian plant (Sechium edule) of the
Gourd family. It is soft, pear-shaped, and about four inches long,
and contains a single large seed. The root of the plant resembles a
yam, and is used for food.

SECK
Seck, a. Etym: [F. sec, properly, dry, L. siccua.]

Defn: Barren; unprofitable. See Rent seck, under Rent.

SECKEL
Seck"el, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small reddish brown sweet and juicy pear. It originated on a
farm near Philadelphia, afterwards owned by a Mr. Seckel.

SECLE
Se"cle, n. Etym: [L. saeculum: cf. F. siècle. See Secular.]

Defn: A century. [Obs.] Hammond.

SECLUDE
Se*clude, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Secluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Secluding.]
Etym: [L. secludere, seclusum pref. se- aside + claudere to shut. See
Close, v. t.]

1. To shut up apart from others; to withdraw into, or place in,
solitude; to separate from society or intercourse with others.
Let Eastern tyrants from the light of heaven Seclude their bosom
slaves. Thomson.

2. To shut or keep out; to exclude. [Obs.] Evelyn.
 -- Se*clud"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Se*clud"ed*ness, n.

SECLUSION
Se*clu"sion, n. Etym: [See Seclude.]

Defn: The act of secluding, or the state of being secluded;
separation from society or connection; a withdrawing; privacy; as, to
live in seclusion.
O blest seclusion from a jarring world, which he, thus occupied,
enjoys! Cowper.

Syn.
 -- Solitude; separation; withdrawment; retirement; privacy. See
Solitude.

SECLUSIVE
Se*clu"sive, a.

Defn: Tending to seclude; keeping in seclusion; secluding;
sequestering.

SECOND
Sec"ond, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. secundus second, properly, following,
fr. sequi to follow. See Sue to follow, and cf. Secund.]

1. Immediately following the first; next to the first in order of
place or time; hence, occuring again; another; other.
And he slept and dreamed the second time. Gen. xli. 5.

2. Next to the first in value, power, excellence, dignity, or rank;
secondary; subordinate; inferior.
May the day when we become the second people upon earth . . . be the
day of our utter extirpation. Landor.

3. Being of the same kind as another that has preceded; another, like
a protype; as, a second Cato; a second Troy; a second deluge.
A Daniel, still say I, a second Daniel! Shak.
Second Adventist. See Adventist.
 -- Second cousin, the child of a cousin.
 -- Second-cut file. See under File.
 -- Second distance (Art), that part of a picture between the
foreground and the background; -- called also middle ground, or
middle distance. [R.] -- Second estate (Eng.), the House of Peers.
 -- Second girl, a female house-servant who does the lighter work, as
chamber work or waiting on table.
 -- Second intention. See under Intention.
 -- Second story, Story floor, in America, the second range of rooms
from the street level. This, in England, is called the first floor,
the one beneath being the ground floor.
 -- Second thought or thoughts, consideration of a matter following a
first impulse or impression; reconsideration.
On second thoughts, gentlemen, I don't wish you had known him.
Dickens.

SECOND
Sec"ond, n.

1. One who, or that which, follows, or comes after; one next and
inferior in place, time, rank, importance, excellence, or power.
Man an angel's second, nor his second long. Young.

2. One who follows or attends another for his support and aid; a
backer; an assistant; specifically, one who acts as another's aid in
a duel.
Being sure enough of seconds after the first onset. Sir H. Wotton.

3. Aid; assistance; help. [Obs.]
Give second, and my love Is everlasting thine. J. Fletcher.

4. pl.

Defn: An article of merchandise of a grade inferior to the best;
esp., a coarse or inferior kind of flour.

5. Etym: [F. seconde. See Second, a.]

Defn: The sixtieth part of a minute of time or of a minute of space,
that is, the second regular subdivision of the degree; as, sound
moves about 1,140 English feet in a second; five minutes and ten
seconds north of this place.

6. In the duodecimal system of mensuration, the twelfth part of an
inch or prime; a line. See Inch, and Prime, n., 8.

7. (Mus.)
(a) The interval between any tone and the tone which is represented
on the degree of the staff next above it.
(b) The second part in a concerted piece; -- often popularly applied
to the alto. Second hand, the hand which marks the seconds on the
dial of a watch or a clock.

SECOND
Sec"ond, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Seconded; p. pr. & vb. n. Seconding.]
Etym: [Cf. F. seconder, L. secundare, from secundus. See Second, a.]

1. To follow in the next place; to succeed; to alternate. [R.]
In the method of nature, a low valley is immediately seconded with an
ambitious hill. Fuller.
Sin is seconded with sin. South.

2. To follow or attend for the purpose of assisting; to support; to
back; to act as the second of; to assist; to forward; to encourage.
We have supplies to second our attempt. Shak.
In human works though labored on with pain, A thousand movements
scarce one purpose gain; In God's, one single can its end produce,
Yet serves to second too some other use. Pope.

3. Specifically, to support, as a motion or proposal, by adding one's
voice to that of the mover or proposer.

SECONDARILY
Sec"ond*a*ri*ly, adv.

1. In a secondary manner or degree.

2. Secondly; in the second place. [Obs.]
God hath set some in the church, first apostels, secondarily
prophets, thirdly teachers. 1 Cor. xii. 28.

SECONDARINESS
Sec"ond*a*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being secondary.
Full of a girl's sweet sense of secondariness to the object of her
love. Mrs. Oliphant.

SECONDARY
Sec"ond*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. secondaire, L. secundaire. See Second,
a.]

1. Suceeding next in order to the first; of second place, origin,
rank, rank, etc.; not primary; subordinate; not of the first order or
rate.
Wheresoever there is normal right on the one hand, no secondary right
can discharge it. L'Estrange.
Two are the radical differences; the secondary differences are as
four. Bacon.

2. Acting by deputation or delegated authority; as, the work of
secondary hands.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: Possessing some quality, or having been subject to some
operation (as substitution), in the second degree; as, a secondary
salt, a secondary amine, etc. Cf. primary.

4. (Min.)

Defn: Subsequent in origin; -- said of minerals produced by
alteertion or deposition subsequent to the formation of the original
rocks mass; also of characters of minerals (as secondary cleavage,
etc.) developed by pressure or other causes.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the second joint of the wing of a bird.

6. (Med.)

Defn: Dependent or consequent upon another disease; as, Bright's
disease is often secondary to scarlet fever. (b) Occuring in the
second stage of a disease; as, the secondary symptoms of syphilis.
Secondary accent. See the Note under Accent, n., 1.
 -- Secondary age. (Geol.) The Mesozoic age, or age before the
Tertiary. See Mesozoic, and Note under Age, n., 8.
 -- Secondary alcohol (Chem.), any one of a series of alcohols which
contain the radical CH.OH united with two hydrocarbon radicals. On
oxidation the secondary alcohols form ketones.
 -- Secondary amputation (Surg.), an amputation for injury, performed
after the constitutional effects of the injury have subsided.
 -- Secondary axis (Opt.), any line which passes through the optical
center of a lens but not through the centers of curvature, or, in the
case of a mirror, which passes through the center of curvature but
not through the center of the mirror.
 -- Secondary battery. (Elec.) See under Battery, n., 4.
 -- Secondary circle (Geom. & Astron.), a great circle passes through
the poles of another great circle and is therefore perpendicular to
its plane.
 -- Secondary circuit, Secondary coil (Elec.), a circuit or coil in
which a current is produced by the induction of a current in a
neighboring circuit or coil called the primary circuit or coil.
 -- Secondary color, a color formed by mixing any two primary colors
in equal proportions.
 -- Secondary coverts (Zoöl.), the longer coverts which overlie the
basal part of the secondary quills of a bird. See Illust. under Bird.
 -- Secondary crystal (Min.), a crystal derived from one of the
primary forms.
 -- Secondary current (Elec.), a momentary current induced in a
closed circuit by a current of electricity passing through the same
or a contiguous circuit at the beginning and also at the end of the
passage of the primary current.
 -- Secondary evidence, that which is admitted upon failure to obtain
the primary or best evidence.
 -- Secondary fever (Med.), a fever coming on in a disease after the
subsidence of the fever with which the disease began, as the fever
which attends the outbreak of the eruption in smallpox.
 -- Secondary hemorrhage (Med.), hemorrhage occuring from a wounded
blood vessel at some considerable time after the original bleeding
has ceased.
 -- Secondary planet. (Astron.) See the Note under Planet.
 -- Secondary qualities, those qualities of bodies which are not
inseparable from them as such, but are dependent for their
development and intensity on the organism of the percipient, such as
color, taste, odor, etc.
 -- Secondary quills or remiges (Zoöl.), the quill feathers arising
from the forearm of a bird and forming a row continuous with the
primaries; -- called also secondaries. See Illust. of Bird.
 -- Secondary rocks or strata (Geol.), those lying between the
Primary, or Paleozoic, and Tertiary (see Primary rocks, under
Primary); -- later restricted to strata of the Mesozoic age, and at
but little used.
 -- Secondary syphilis (Med.), the second stage of syphilis,
including the period from the first development of constitutional
symptoms to the time when the bones and the internal organs become
involved.
 -- Secondary tint, any subdued tint, as gray.
 -- Secondary union (Surg.), the union of wounds after suppuration;
union by the second intention.

Syn.
 -- Second; second-rate; subordinate; inferior.

SECONDARY
Sec"ond*a*ry, n.; pl. Secondaries (.

1. One who occupies a subordinate, inferior, or auxiliary place; a
delegate deputy; one who is second or next to the chief officer; as,
the secondary, or undersheriff of the city of London.
Old Escalus . . . is thy secondary. Shak.

2. (Astron.)
(a) A secondary circle.
(b) A satellite.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A secondary quill.

SECOND-CLASS
Sec"ond-class`, a.

Defn: Of the rank or degree below the best highest; inferior; second-
rate; as, a second-class house; a second-class passage.

SECONDER
Sec"ond*er, n.

Defn: One who seconds or supports what another attempts, affirms,
moves, or proposes; as, the seconder of an enterprise or of a motion.

SECONDHAND
Sec"ond*hand`, a.

1. Not original or primary; received from another.
They have but a secondhand or implicit knowledge. Locke.

2. Not new; already or previously or used by another; as, a
secondhand book, garment. At second hand. See Hand, n., 10.

SECONDLY
Sec"ond*ly, adv.

Defn: In the second place.

SECONDO
Se*con"do (; It.), n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: The second part in a concerted piece.

SECOND-RATE
Sec"ond-rate`, a.

Defn: Of the second size, rank, quality, or value; as, a second-rate
ship; second-rate cloth; a second-rate champion. Dryden.

SECOND-SIGHT
Sec"ond-sight`, n.

Defn: The power of discerning what is not visible to the physical
eye, or of foreseeing future events, esp. such as are of a disastrous
kind; the capacity of a seer; prophetic vision.
he was seized with a fit of second-sight. Addison.
Nor less availed his optic sleight, And Scottish gift of second-
sight. Trumbull.

SECOND-SIGHTED
Sec"ond-sight`ed, a.

Defn: Having the power of second-sight. Addison.

SECRE
Se"cre ( or ), a.

Defn: Secret; secretive; faithful to a secret. [Obs.]
To be holden stable and secre. Chaucer.

SECRE
Se"cre, n.

Defn: A secret. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SECRECY
Se"cre*cy, n.; pl. Secrecies. Etym: [From Secret.]

1. The state or quality of being hidden; as, his movements were
detected in spite of their secrecy.
The Lady Anne, Whom the king hath in secrecy long married. Shak.

2. That which is concealed; a secret. [R.] Shak.

3. Seclusion; privacy; retirement. "The pensive secrecy of desert
cell." Milton.

4. The quality of being secretive; fidelity to a secret; forbearance
of disclosure or discovery.
It is not with public as with private prayer; in this, rather secrecy
is commanded than outward show. Hooker.

SECRELY
Se"cre*ly, adv.

Defn: Secretly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SECRENESS
Se"cre*ness, n.

Defn: Secrecy; privacy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SECRET
Se"cret, a. Etym: [F. secret (cf. Sp.& Pg. secreto, It. secreto,
segreto), fr. L. secretus, p.p. of secrernere to put apart, to
separate. See Certain, and cf. Secrete, Secern.]

1. Hidden; concealed; as, secret treasure; secret plans; a secret
vow. Shak.
The secret things belong unto the Lord our God; but those things
which are revealed belong unto us. Deut. xxix. 29.

2. Withdraw from general intercourse or notice; in retirement or
secrecy; secluded.
There, secret in her sapphire cell, He with the Naïs wont to dwell.
Fenton.

3. Faithful to a secret; not inclined to divulge or betray
confidence; secretive. [R.]
Secret Romans, that have spoke the word, And will not palter. Shak.

4. Separate; distinct. [Obs.]
They suppose two other divine hypostases superior thereunto, which
were perfectly secret from matter. Cudworth.

Syn.
 -- Hidden; concealed; secluded; retired; unseen; unknown; private;
obscure; recondite; latent; covert; clandestine; privy. See Hidden.

SECRET
Se"cret, n. Etym: [F. secret (cf. Pr. secret, Sp. & Pg. secreto, It.
secreto, segreto), from L. secretum. See Secret, a.]

1. Something studiously concealed; a thing kept from general
knowledge; what is not revealed, or not to be revealed.
To tell our secrets is often folly; to communicate those of others is
treachery. Rambler.

2. A thing not discovered; what is unknown or unexplained; a mystery.
All secrets of the deep, all nature's works. Milton

3. pl.

Defn: The parts which modesty and propriety require to be concealed;
the genital organs. In secret, in a private place; in privacy or
secrecy; in a state or place not seen; privately.
Bread eaten in secret is pleasant. Prov. ix. 17.

SECRET
Se"cret, v. t.

Defn: To keep secret. [Obs.] Bacon.

SECRETAGE
Se"cret*age, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A process in which mercury, or some of its salts, is employed
to impart the property of felting to certain kinds of furs. Ure.

SECRETARIAL
Sec`re*ta"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a secretary; befitting a secretary. [R.]
Secretarial, diplomatic, or other official training. Carlyle.

SECRETARIAT; SECRETARIATE
Sec`re*ta"ri*at, Sec`re*ta"ri*ate, n. Etym: [F. secrétariat.]

Defn: The office of a secretary; the place where a secretary
transacts business, keeps records, etc.

SECRETARY
Sec"re*ta*ry, n.; pl. Secretaries. Etym: [F. secrétaire (cf. Pr.
secretari, Sp. & Pg. secretario, It. secretario, segretario) LL.
secretarius, originally, a confidant, one intrusted with secrets,
from L. secretum a secret. See Secret, a. & n.]

1. One who keeps, or is intrusted with, secrets. [R.]

2. A person employed to write orders, letters, dispatches, public or
private papers, records, and the like; an official scribe,
amanuensis, or writer; one who attends to correspondence, and
transacts other business, for an association, a public body, or an
individual.
That which is most of all profitable is acquaintance with the
secretaries, and employed men of ambassadors. Bacon.

3. An officer of state whose business is to superintend and manage
the affairs of a particular department of government, and who is
usually a member of the cabinet or advisory council of the chief
executive; as, the secretary of state, who conducts the
correspondence and attends to the relations of a government with
foreign courts; the secretary of the treasury, who manages the
department of finance; the secretary of war, etc.

4. A piece of furniture, with conveniences for writing and for the
arrangement of papers; an escritoire.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The secretary bird. Secretary Bird. Etym: [So called in
allusion to the tufts of feathers at the back of its head, which were
fancifully thought to resemble pens stuck behind the ear.] (Zoöl.) A
large long-legged raptorial bird (Gypogeranus serpentarius), native
of South Africa, but now naturalized in the West Indies and some
other tropical countries. It has a powerful hooked beak, a crest of
long feathers, and a long tail. It feeds upon reptiles of various
kinds, and is much prized on account of its habit of killing and
devouring snakes of all kinds. Called also serpent eater.

Syn.
 -- See the Note under Clerk, n., 4.

SECRETARYSHIP
Sec"re*ta*ry*ship, n.

Defn: The office, or the term of office, of a secretary.

SECRETE
Se*crete", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Secreted; p. pr. & vb. n. Secreting.]
Etym: [L. secretus separated, secret, hidden, p. p. of secernere. See
Secret, and cf. Discrete, Discreet.]

1. To deposit in a place of hiding; to hide; to conceal; as, to
secrete stolen goods; to secrete one's self.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: To separate from the blood and elaborate by the process of
secretion; to elaborate and emit as a secretion. See Secretion.
Why one set of cells should secrete bile, another urea, and so on, we
do not known. Carpenter.

Syn.
 -- To conceal; hide. See Conceal.

SECRETION
Se*cre"tion, n. Etym: [L. secretio: cf. F. sécrétion.]

1. The act of secreting or concealing; as, the secretion of dutiable
goods.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act of secreting; the process by which material is
separated from the blood through the agency of the cells of the
various glands and elaborated by the cells into new substances so as
to form the various secretions, as the saliva, bile, and other
digestive fluids. The process varies in the different glands, and
hence are formed the various secretions.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: Any substance or fluid secreted, or elaborated and emitted, as
the gastric juice.

SECRETIST
Se"cret*ist, n.

Defn: A dealer in secrets. [Obs.]

SECRETITIOUS
Se`cre*ti"tious, a.

Defn: Parted by animal secretion; as, secretitious humors. Floyer.

SECRETIVE
Se*cret"ive, a.

Defn: Tending to secrete, or to keep secret or private; as, a
secretive disposition.

SECRETIVENESS
Se*cret"ive*ness, n.

1. The quality of being secretive; disposition or tendency to
conceal.

2. (Phren.)

Defn: The faculty or propensity which impels to reserve, secrecy, or
concealment.

SECRETLY
Se"cret*ly, adv.

Defn: In a secret manner.

SECRETNESS
Se"cret*ness, n.

1. The state or quality of being secret, hid, or concealed.

2. Secretiveness; concealment. Donne.

SECRETO-MOTORY
Se*cre`to-*mo"to*ry, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Causing secretion; -- said of nerves which go to glands and
influence secretion.

SECRETORY
Se*cre"to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sécrétoire. See Secrete.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Secreting; performing, or connected with, the office secretion;
secernent; as, secretory vessels, nerves.
 -- n.

Defn: A secretory vessel; a secernent.

SECRET SERVICE
Se"cret serv"ice.

Defn: The detective service of a government. In the United States, in
time of peace the bureau of secret service is under the treasury
department, and in time of war it aids the war department in securing
information concerning the movements of the enemy.

SECT
Sect, n. Etym: [L. secare, sectum, to cut.]

Defn: A cutting; a scion. [Obs.] Shak.

SECT
Sect, n. Etym: [F. secte, L. sects, fr. sequi to follew; often
confused with L. secare, sectum, to cut. See Sue to follow, and cf.
Sept, Suit, n.]

Defn: Those following a particular leader or authority, or attached
to a certain opinion; a company or set having a common belief or
allegiance distinct from others; in religion, the believers in a
particular creed, or upholders of a particular practice; especially,
in modern times, a party dissenting from an established church; a
denomination; in philosophy, the disciples of a particular master; a
school; in society and the state, an order, rank, class, or party.
He beareth the sign of poverty, And in that sect our Savior saved all
mankind. Piers Plowman.
As of the sect of which that he was born, He kept his lay, to which
that he was sworn. Chaucer.
The cursed sect of that detestable and false prophet Mohammed.
Fabyan.
As concerning this sect [Christians], we know that everywhere it is
spoken against. Acts xxviii. 22.

SECTANT
Sec"tant, n. Etym: [L. secare, sectum, to cut.]

Defn: One of the portions of space bounded by the three coordinate
planes. Specif. (Crystallog.), one of the parts of a crystal into
which it is divided by the axial planes.

SECTARIAN
Sec*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: Pertaining to a sect, or to sects; peculiar to a sect;
bigotedly attached to the tenets and interests of a denomination; as,
sectarian principles or prejudices.

SECTARIAN
Sec*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: One of a sect; a member or adherent of a special school,
denomination, or religious or philosophical party; one of a party in
religion which has separated itself from established church, or which
holds tenets different from those of the prevailing denomination in a
state.

Syn.
 -- See Heretic.

SECTARIANISM
Sec*ta"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The quality or character of a sectarian; devotion to the
interests of a party; excess of partisan or denominational zeal;
adherence to a separate church organization.

SECTARIANIZE
Sec*ta"ri*an*ize, v. t.

Defn: To imbue with sectarian feelings; to subject to the control of
a sect.

SECTARISM
Sec"ta*rism, n.

Defn: Sectarianism. [Obs.]

SECTARIST
Sec"ta*rist, n.

Defn: A sectary. [R.] T. Warton.

SECTARY
Sec"ta*ry, n.;pl. Sectaries. Etym: [F. sectaire. See Sect.]

Defn: A sectarian; a member or adherent of a sect; a follower or
disciple of some particular teacher in philosophy or religion; one
who separates from an established church; a dissenter.
I never knew that time in England when men of truest religion were
not counted sectaries. Milton.

SECTATOR
Sec*ta"tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. sectari, v. intens. fr. sequi to
follow. See Sue to follow.]

Defn: A follower; a disciple; an adherent to a sect. [Obs.] Sir W.
Raleigh.

SECTILE
Sec"tile, a. Etym: [L. sectilis, fr. secare, sectum, to cut: cf. F.
sectile. See Section.]

Defn: Capable of being cut; specifically (Min.), capable of being
severed by the knife with a smooth cut; -- said of minerals.

SECTILITY
Sec*til"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being sectile.

SECTION
Sec"tion, n. Etym: [L. sectio, fr. secare, sectum, to cut; akin to E.
saw a cutting instrument: cf. F. section. See Saw, and cf. Scion,
Dissect, Insect, Secant, Segment.]

1. The act of cutting, or separation by cutting; as, the section of
bodies.

2. A part separated from something; a division; a portion; a slice.
Specifically: --
(a) A distinct part or portion of a book or writing; a subdivision of
a chapter; the division of a law or other writing; a paragraph; an
article; hence, the character §, often used to denote such a
division.
It is hardly possible to give a distinct view of his several
arguments in distinct sections. Locke.

(b) A distinct part of a country or people, community, class, or the
like; a part of a territory separated by geographical lines, or of a
people considered as distinct.
The extreme section of one class consists of bigoted dotards, the
extreme section of the other consists of shallow and reckless
empirics. Macaulay.

(c) One of the portions, of one square mile each, into which the
public lands of the United States are divided; one thirty-sixth part
of a township. These sections are subdivided into quarter sections
for sale under the homestead and preëmption laws.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: The figure made up of all the points common to a superficies
and a solid which meet, or to two superficies which meet, or to two
lines which meet. In the first case the section is a superficies, in
the second a line, and in the third a point.

4. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: A division of a genus; a group of species separated by some
distinction from others of the same genus; -- often indicated by the
sign §.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: A part of a musical period, composed of one or more phrases.
See Phrase.

6. The description or representation of anything as it would appear
if cut through by any intersecting plane; depiction of what is beyond
a plane passing through, or supposed to pass through, an object, as a
building, a machine, a succession of strata; profile.

Note: In mechanical drawing, as in these Illustrations of a cannon, a
longitudinal section (a) usually represents the object as cut through
its center lengthwise and vertically; a cross or transverse section
(b), as cut crosswise and vertically; and a horizontal section (c),
as cut through its center horizontally. Oblique sections are made at
various angles. In architecture, a vertical section is a drawing
showing the interior, the thickness of the walls, ets., as if made on
a vertical plane passed through a building. Angular sections (Math.),
a branch of analysis which treats of the relations of sines,
tangents, etc., of arcs to the sines, tangents, etc., of their
multiples or of their parts. [R.] -- Conic sections. (Geom.) See
under Conic.
 -- Section liner (Drawing), an instrument to aid in drawing a series
of equidistant parallel lines, -- used in representing sections.
 -- Thin sections, a section or slice, as of mineral, animal, or
vegetable substance, thin enough to be transparent, and used for
study under the microscope.

Syn.
 -- Part; portion; division.
 -- Section, Part. The English more commonly apply the word section
to a part or portion of a body of men; as, a section of the clergy, a
small section of the Whigs, etc. In the United States this use is
less common, but another use, unknown or but little known in England,
is very frequent, as in the phrases "the eastern section of our
country," etc., the same sense being also given to the adjective
sectional as, sectional feelings, interests, etc.

SECTIONAL
Sec"tion*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a sections or distinct part of larger body or
territory; local.
All sectional interests, or party feelings, it is hoped, will
hereafter yield to schemes of ambition. Story.

2. Consisting of sections, or capable of being divided into sections;
as, a sectional steam boiler.

SECTIONALISM
Sec"tion*al*ism, n.

Defn: A disproportionate regard for the interests peculiar to a
section of the country; local patriotism, as distinguished from
national. [U. S.]

SECTIONALITY
Sec"tion*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being sectional; sectionalism.

SECTIONALIZE
Sec"tion*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To divide according to gepgraphical sections or local
interests. [U. S.]
The principal results of the struggle were to sectionalize parties.
Nicilay & Hay (Life of Lincoln).

SECTIONALLY
Sec"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sectional manner.

SECTIONIZE
Sec"tion*ize, v. t.

Defn: To form into sections. [R.]

SECTISM
Sect"ism, n.

Defn: Devotion to a sect. [R.]

SECTIST
Sect"ist, n.

Defn: One devoted to a sect; a soetary. [R.]

SECTIUNCLE
Sect"i*un`cle, n.

Defn: A little or petty sect. [R.] "Some new sect or sectiuncle." J.
Martineau.

SECTOR
Sec"tor, n. Etym: [L., properly, a cutter, fr. secare, sectum, to
cut: cf. F. secteur. See Section.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A part of a circle comprehended between two radii and the
included arc.

2. A mathematical instrument, consisting of two rulers connected at
one end by a joint, each arm marked with several scales, as of equal
parts, chords, sines, tangents, etc., one scale of each kind on each
arm, and all on lines radiating from the common center of motion. The
sector is used for plotting, etc., to any scale.

3. An astronomical instrument, the limb of which embraces a small
portion only of a circle, used for measuring differences of
declination too great for the compass of a micrometer. When it is
used for measuring zenith distances of stars, it is called a zenith
sector. Dip sector, an instrument used for measuring the dip of the
horizon.
 -- Sector of a sphere, or Spherical sector, the solid generated by
the revolution of the sector of a circle about one of its radii, or,
more rarely, about any straight line drawn in the plane of the sector
through its vertex.

SECTORAL
Sec"tor*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a sector; as, a sectoral circle.

SECTORIAL
Sec*to"ri*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Adapted for cutting.
 -- n.

Defn: A sectorial, or carnassial, tooth.

SECULAR
Sec"u*lar, a. Etym: [OE. secular, seculer. L. saecularis, fr.
saeculum a race, generation, age, the times, the world; perhaps akin
to E. soul: cf. F. séculier.]

1. Coming or observed once in an age or a century.
The secular year was kept but once a century. Addison.

2. Pertaining to an age, or the progress of ages, or to a long period
of time; accomplished in a long progress of time; as, secular
inequality; the secular refrigeration of the globe.

3. Of or pertaining to this present world, or to things not spiritual
or holy; relating to temporal as distinguished from eternal
interests; not immediately or primarily respecting the soul, but the
body; worldly.
New foes arise, Threatening to bind our souls with secular chains.
Milton.

4. (Eccl.)

Defn: Not regular; not bound by monastic vows or rules; not confined
to a monastery, or subject to the rules of a religious community; as,
a secular priest.
He tried to enforce a stricter discipline and greater regard for
morals, both in the religious orders and the secular clergy.
Prescett.

5. Belonging to the laity; lay; not clerical.
I speak of folk in secular estate. Chaucer.
Secular equation (Astron.), the algebraic or numerical expression of
the magnitude of the inequalities in a planet's motion that remain
after the inequalities of a short period have been allowed for.
 -- Secular games (Rom. Antiq.), games celebrated, at long but
irregular intervals, for three days and nights, with sacrifices,
theatrical shows, combats, sports, and the like.
 -- Secular music, any music or songs not adapted to sacred uses.
 -- Secular hymn or poem, a hymn or poem composed for the secular
games, or sung or rehearsed at those games.

SECULAR
Sec"u*lar, n.

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: A secular ecclesiastic, or one not bound by monastic rules.
Burke.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A church official whose functions are confined to the vocal
department of the choir. Busby.

3. A layman, as distinguished from a clergyman.

SECULARISM
Sec"u*lar*ism, n.

1. The state or quality of being secular; a secular spirit;
secularity.

2. The tenets or principles of the secularists.

SECULARIST
Sec"u*lar*ist, n.

Defn: One who theoretically rejects every form of religious faith,
and every kind of religious worship, and accepts only the facts and
influences which are derived from the present life; also, one who
believes that education and other matters of civil policy should be
managed without the introduction of a religious element.

SECULARITY
Sec`u*lar"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf.F. sécularité, LL. saecularitas.]

Defn: Supreme attention to the things of the present life;
worldliness.
A secularity of character which makes Christianity and its principal
doctrines distasteful or unintelligible. I. Taylor.

SECULARIZATION
Sec`u*lar*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sécularisation.]

Defn: The act of rendering secular, or the state of being rendered
secular; conversion from regular or monastic to secular; conversion
from religious to lay or secular possession and uses; as, the
secularization of church property.

SECULARIZE
Sec"u*lar*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Secularized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Secularizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. séculaiser.]

1. To convert from regular or monastic into secular; as, to
secularize a priest or a monk.

2. To convert from spiritual or common use; as, to secularize a
church, or church property.
At the Reformation the abbey was secularized. W. Coxe.

3. To make worldly or unspiritual. Bp. Horsley.

SECULARLY
Sec"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a secular or worldly manner.

SECULARNESS
Sec"u*lar*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being secular; worldliness; worldly-
minded-ness.

SECUND
Se"cund, a. Etym: [L. secundus following the course or current of
wind of water. See Second, a.] (Bot.)

Defn: Arranged on one side only, as flowers or leaves on a stalk.
Gray.

SECUNDATE
Se*cun"date, v. t. Etym: [L.secundatus, p. p. of secundare to direct
faverably.]

Defn: To make prosperous. [R.]

SECUNDATION
Sec`un*da"tion, n.

Defn: Prosperity. [R.]

SECUNDINE
Sec"un*dine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. secondine.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The second coat, or integument, of an ovule, lying within the
primine.

Note: In the ripened seed the primine and secundine are usually
united to form the testa, or outer seed coat. When they remain
distinct the secundine becomes the mesosperm, as in the castor bean.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. secondines.]

Defn: The afterbirth, or placenta and membranes; -- generally used in
the plural.

SECUNDO-GENITURE
Se*cun`do-gen"i*ture, n. Etym: [L. secundus second + genitura a
begetting, generation.]

Defn: A right of inheritance belonging to a second son; a property or
possession so inherited.
The kingdom of Naples . . . was constituted a secundo-geniture of
Spain. Bancroft.

SECURABLE
Se*cur"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be secured.

SECURE
Se*cure", a. Etym: [L. securus; pref. se- without + cura care. See
Cure care, and cf. Sure, a.]

1. Free from fear, care, or anxiety; easy in mind; not feeling
suspicion or distrust; confident.
But thou, secure of soul, unbent with woes. DRyden.

2. Overconfident; incautious; careless; -- in a bad sense. Macaulay.

3. Confident in opinion; not entertaining, or not having reason to
entertain, doubt; certain; sure; -- commonly with of; as, secure of a
welcome.
Confidence then bore thee on, secure Either to meet no danger, or to
find Matter of glorious trial. Milton.

4. Net exposed to danger; safe; -- applied to persons and things, and
followed by against or from. "Secure from fortune's blows." Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Safe; undisturbed; easy; sure; certain; assured; confident;
careless; heedless; inattentive.

SECURE
Se*cure", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Secured; p. pr. & vb. n. Securing.]

1. To make safe; to relieve from apprehensions of, or exposure to,
danger; to guard; to protect.
I spread a cloud before the victor's sight, Sustained the vanquished,
and secured his flight. Dryden.

2. To put beyond hazard of losing or of not receiving; to make
certain; to assure; to insure; -- frequently with against or from,
rarely with of; as, to secure a creditor against loss; to secure a
debt by a mortgage.
It secures its possessor of eternal happiness. T. Dick.

3. To make fast; to close or confine effectually; to render incapable
of getting loose or escaping; as, to secure a prisoner; to secure a
door, or the hatches of a ship.

4. To get possession of; to make one's self secure of; to acquire
certainly; as, to secure an estate. Secure arms (Mil.), a command and
a position in the manual of arms, used in wet weather, the object
being to guard the firearm from becoming wet. The piece is turned
with the barrel to the front and grasped by the right hand at the
lewer band, the muzzle is dropped to the front, and the piece held
with the guard under the right arm, the hand supported against the
hip, and the thumb on the rammer.

SECURELY
Se*cure"ly, adv.

Defn: In a secure manner; without fear or apprehension; without
danger; safely.
His daring foe . . . securely him defied. Milton.

SECUREMENT
Se*cure"ment, n.

Defn: The act of securing; protection. [R.]
Society condemns the securement in all cases of perpetual protection
by means of perpetual imprisonment. C. A. Ives.

SECURENESS
Se*cure"ness, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being secure; exemption from fear;
want of vigilance; security.

SECURER
Se*cur"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, secures.

SECURIFERA
Sec`u*rif"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. securis an ax + ferre to
bear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Serrifera.

SECURIFORM
Se*cu"ri*form, a. Etym: [L. securis an ax or hatchet + -form: cf. F.
sécuriforme.] (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Having the form of an ax hatchet.

SECURIPALP
Se*cu"ri*palp, n. Etym: [L. securis ax, hatchet + E. palp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a family of beetles having the maxillary palpi
terminating in a hatchet-shaped joint.

SECURITY
Se*cu"ri*ty, n.; pl. Securities. Etym: [L. securitas: cf. F.
sécurité. See Secure, and cf. Surety.]

1. The condition or quality of being secure; secureness.
Specifically:
(a) Freedom from apprehension, anxiety, or care; confidence of power
of safety; hence, assurance; certainty.
His trembling hand had lost the ease, Which marks security to please.
Sir W. Scott.

(b) Hence, carelessness; negligence; heedlessness.
He means, my lord, that we are too remiss, Whilst Bolingbroke,
through our security, Grows strong and great in substance and in
power. Shak.

(c) Freedom from risk; safety.
Give up yourself merely to chance and hazard, From firm security.
Shak.
Some . . . alleged that we should have no security for our trade.
Swift.

2. That which secures or makes safe; protection; guard; defense.
Specifically:
(a) Something given, deposited, or pledged, to make certain the
fulfillment of an obligation, the performance of a contract, the
payment of a debt, or the like; surety; pledge.
Those who lent him money lent it on no security but his bare word.
Macaulay.

(b) One who becomes surety for another, or engages himself for the
performance of another's obligation.

3. An evidence of debt or of property, as a bond, a certificate of
stock, etc.; as, government securities.

Syn.
 -- Protection; defense; guard; shelter; safety; certainty; ease;
assurance; carelessness; confidence; surety; pledge; bail.

SEDAN
Se*dan", n. Etym: [Said to be named from Sedan, in France, where it
was first made, and whence it was introduced into England in the time
of King Charles I.]

Defn: A portable chair or covered vehicle for carrying a single
person, -- usually borne on poles by two men. Called also sedan
chair.

SEDATE
Se*date", a. Etym: [L. sedatus, p. p. of sedare, sedatum, to allay,
calm, causative of sedere to sit. See Sit.]

Defn: Undisturbed by passion or caprice; calm; tranquil; serene; not
passionate or giddy; composed; staid; as, a sedate soul, mind, or
temper.
Disputation carries away the mind from that calm and sedate temper
which is so necessary to contemplate truth. I. Watts.
Whatsoever we feel and know Too sedate for outward show. Wordsworth.

Syn.
 -- Settled; composed; calm; quiet; tranquil; still; serene;
unruffled; undisturbed; conteplative; sober; serious.
 -- Se*date"ly, adv.
 -- Se*date"ness, n.

SEDATION
Se*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. sedatio.]

Defn: The act of calming, or the state of being calm. [R.] Coles.

SEDATIVE
Sed"a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sédatif.]

Defn: Tending to calm, moderate, or tranquilize; specifically (Med.),
allaying irritability and irritation; assuaging pain.

SEDATIVE
Sed"a*tive, n. (Med.)

Defn: A remedy which allays irritability and irritation, and
irritative activity or pain.

SEDENT
Se"dent, a. Etym: [L. sedens, -entis, p. pr. of sedere to sit. See
Sit.]

Defn: Sitting; inactive; quiet. [R.]

SEDENTARILY
Sed"en*ta*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sedentary manner.

SEDENTARINESS
Sed"en*ta*r*i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being sedentary.

SEDENTARY
Sed"en*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. sedentarius, fr. sedere to sit: cf. F.
seédentaire. See Sedent.]

1. Accustomed to sit much or long; as, a sedentary man. "Sedentary,
scholastic sophists." Bp. Warburton.

2. Characterized by, or requiring, much sitting; as, a sedentary
employment; a sedentary life.
Any education that confined itself to sedentary pursuits was
essentially imperfect. Beaconsfield.

3. Inactive; motionless; sluggish; hence, calm; tranquil. [R.] "The
sedentary earth." Milton.
The soul, considered abstractly from its passions, is of a remiss,
sedentary nature. Spectator.

4. Caused by long sitting. [Obs.] "Sedentary numbness." Milton.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Remaining in one place, especially when firmly attached to some
object; as, the oyster is a sedentary mollusk; the barnacles are
sedentary crustaceans. Sedentary spider (Zoöl.), one of a tribe of
spiders which rest motionless until their prey is caught in their
web.

SEDERUNT
Se*de"runt, n. Etym: [L., they sat, fr. sedere to sit.]

Defn: A sitting, as of a court or other body.
'T is pity we have not Burn's own account of that long sederunt.
Prof. Wilson.
Acts of sederunt (Scots Law), ordinances of the Court of Session for
the ordering of processes and expediting of justice. Bell.

SEDGE
Sedge, n. Etym: [OE. segge, AS. secg; akin to LG. segge; -- probably
named from its bladelike appearance, and akin to L. secare to cut, E.
saw a cutting instrument; cf. Ir. seisg, W. hesg. Cf. Hassock, Saw
the instrument.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Carex, perennial, endogenous herbs,
often growing in dense tufts in marshy places. They have triangular
jointless stems, a spiked inflorescence, and long grasslike leaves
which are usually rough on the margins and midrib. There are several
hundred species.

Note: The name is sometimes given to any other plant of the order
Cyperaceæ, which includes Carex, Cyperus, Scirpus, and many other
genera of rushlike plants.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flock of herons. Sedge ken (Zoöl.), the clapper rail. See
under 5th Rail.
 -- Sedge warbler (Zoöl.), a small European singing bird
(Acrocephalus phragmitis). It often builds its nest among reeds; --
called also sedge bird, sedge wren, night warbler, and Scotch
nightingale.

SEDGED
Sedged, a.

Defn: Made or composed of sedge.
With your sedged crowns and ever-harmless looks. Shak.

SEDGY
Sedg"y, a.

Defn: Overgrown with sedge.
On the gentle Severn''s sedgy bank. Shak.

SEDILIA
Se*dil"i*a, n. pl.; sing. Sedile (. Etym: [L. sedile a seat.] (Arch.)

Defn: Seats in the chancel of a church near the altar for the
officiating clergy during intervals of service. Hook.

SEDIMENT
Sed"i*ment, n. Etym: [F. sédiment, L. sedimentum a settling, fr.
sedere to sit, to settle. See Sit.]

1. The matter which subsides to the bottom, frrom water or any other
liquid; settlings; lees; dregs.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: The material of which sedimentary rocks are formed.

SEDIMENTAL
Sed`i*men"tal, a.

Defn: Sedimentary.

SEDIMENTARY
Sed`i*men"ta*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sédimentaire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to sediment; formed by sediment; containing
matter that has subsided. Sedimentary rocks. (Geol.) See Aqueous
rocks, under Aqueous.

SEDIMENTATION
Sed`i*men*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of depositing a sediment; specifically (Geol.), the
deposition of the material of which sedimentary rocks are formed.

SEDITION
Se*di"tion, n. Etym: [OE. sedicioun, OF. sedition, F. sédition, fr.
L. seditio, originally, a going aside; hence, an insurrectionary
separation; pref. se-, sed-, aside + itio a going, fr. ire, itum, to
go. Cf. Issue.]

1. The raising of commotion in a state, not amounting to
insurrection; conduct tending to treason, but without an overt act;
excitement of discontent against the government, or of resistance to
lawful authority.
In soothing them, we nourish 'gainst our senate The cockle of
rebellion, insolence, sedition. Shak.
Noisy demagogues who had been accused of sedition. Macaulay.

2. Dissension; division; schism. [Obs.]
Now the works of the flesh are manifest, . . . emulations, wrath,
strife, seditions, heresies. Gal. v. 19, 20.

Syn.
 -- Insurrection; tumult; uproar; riot; rebellion; revolt. See
Insurrection.

SEDITIONARY
Se*di"tion*a*ry, n.

Defn: An inciter or promoter of sedition. Bp. Hall.

SEDITIOUS
Se*di"tious, a.Etym: [L. seditiosus: cf. F. séditieux.]

1. Of or pertaining to sedition; partaking of the nature of, or
tending to excite, sedition; as, seditious behavior; seditious
strife; seditious words.

2. Disposed to arouse, or take part in, violent opposition to lawful
authority; turbulent; factious; guilty of sedition; as, seditious
citizens.
 -- Se*di"tious*ly, adv.
 -- Se*di"tious*ness, n.

SEDLITZ
Sed"litz, a.

Defn: Same as Seidlitz.

SEDUCE
Se*duce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Seduced; p. pr. & vb. n. Seducing.]
Etym: [L. seducere, seductum; pref. se- aside + ducere to lead. See
Duke.]

1. To draw aside from the path of rectitude and duty in any manner;
to entice to evil; to lead astray; to tempt and lead to iniquity; to
corrupt.
For me, the gold of France did not seduce. Shak.

2. Specifically, to induce to surrender chastity; to debauch by means
of solicitation.

Syn.
 -- To allure; entice; tempt; attract; mislead; decoy; inveigle. See
Allure.

SEDUCEMENT
Se*duce"ment, n.

1. The act of seducing.

2. The means employed to seduce, as flattery, promises, deception,
etc.; arts of enticing or corrupting. Pope.

SEDUCER
Se*du"cer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, seduces; specifically, one who prevails
over the chastity of a woman by enticements and persuasions.
He whose firm faith no reason could remove, Will melt before that
soft seducer, love. Dryden.

SEDUCIBLE
Se*du"ci*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being seduced; corruptible.

SEDUCING
Se*du"cing, a.

Defn: Seductive. "Thy sweet seducing charms." Cowper.
 -- Se*du"cing*ly, adv.

SEDUCTION
Se*duc*tion, n. Etym: [L. seductio: cf. F. séduction. See Seduce.]

1. The act of seducing; enticement to wrong doing; specifically, the
offense of inducing a woman to consent to unlawful sexual
intercourse, by enticements which overcome her scruples; the wrong or
crime of persuading a woman to surrender her chastity.

2. That which seduces, or is adapted to seduce; means of leading
astray; as, the seductions of wealth.

SEDUCTIVE
Se*duc"tive, a.

Defn: Tending to lead astray; apt to mislead by flattering
appearances; tempting; alluring; as, a seductive offer.
This may enable us to understand how seductive is the influence of
example. Sir W. Hamilton.

SEDUCTIVELY
Se*duc"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a seductive manner.

SEDUCTRESS
Se*duc"tress, n.

Defn: A woman who seduces.

SEDULITY
Se*du"li*ty, n. Etym: [L. sedulitas. See Sedulous.]

Defn: The quality or state of being sedulous; diligent and assiduous
application; constant attention; unremitting industry; sedulousness.
The industrious bee, by his sedulity in summer, lives in honey all
the winter. Feltham.

SEDULOUS
Sed"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. sedulus, perhaps from sedere to sit, and so
akin to E. sit.]

Defn: Diligent in application or pursuit; constant, steady, and
persevering in business, or in endeavors to effect an object;
steadily industrious; assiduous; as, the sedulous bee.
What signifies the sound of words in prayer, without the affection of
the heart, and a sedulous application of the proper means that may
naturally lead us to such an end L'Estrange.

Syn.
 -- Assiduous; diligent; industrious; laborious; unremitting;
untiring; unwearied; persevering.
 -- Sed"u*lous*ly, adv.
 -- Sed"u*lous*ness, n.

SEDUM
Se"dum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sedere to sit; so called in allusion to
the manner in which the plants attach themselves to rocks and walls.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, mostly perennial, having succulent leaves
and cymose flowers; orpine; stonecrop. Gray.

SEE
See, n. Etym: [OE. se, see, OF. se, sed, sied, fr. L. sedes a seat,
or the kindred sedere to sit. See Sit, and cf. Siege.]

1. A seat; a site; a place where sovereign power is exercised. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Jove laughed on Venus from his sovereign see. Spenser.

2. Specifically: (a) The seat of episcopal power; a diocese; the
jurisdiction of a bishop; as, the see of New York. (b) The seat of an
archibishop; a province or jurisdiction of an archibishop; as, an
archiepiscopal see. (c) The seat, place, or office of the pope, or
Roman pontiff; as, the papal see. (d) The pope or his court at Rome;
as, to appeal to the see of Rome. Apostolic see. See under Apostolic.

SEE
See, v. t. [imp. Saw; p. p. Seen; p. pr. & vb. n. Seeing.] Etym: [OE.
seen, sen, seon, As. seón; akin to OFries. sia, D. zien, OS. & OHG.
sehan, G. sehen, Icel. sja, Sw. se, Dan. see, Goth. saíhwan, and
probably to L. sequi to follow (and so originally meaning, to follow
with the eyes). Gr. sac. Cf. Sight, Sun to follow.]

1. To perceive by the eye; to have knowledge of the existence and
apparent qualities of by the organs of sight; to behold; to descry;
to view.
I will new turn aside, and see this great sight. Ex. iii. 3.

2. To perceive by mental vision; to form an idea or conception of; to
note with the mind; to observe; to discern; to distinguish; to
understand; to comprehend; to ascertain.
Go, I pray thee, see whether it be well with thy brethren. Gen.
xxxvii. 14.
Jesus saw that he answered discreetly. Mark xii. 34.
Who 's so gross That seeth not this palpable device Shak.

3. To follow with the eyes, or as with the eyes; to watch; to regard
attentivelly; to look after. Shak.
I had a mind to see him out, and therefore did not care for
centradicting him. Addison.

4. To have an interview with; especially, to make a call upon; to
visit; as, to go to see a friend.
And Samuel came no more to see Saul untill the day of his death. 1
Sam. xv. 35.

5. To fall in with; to have intercourse or communication with; hence,
to have knowledge or experience of; as, to see military service.
Make us glad according to the days wherein thou hast afflicted us,
and the years wherein we have seen evil. Ps. xc. 15.
Verily, verily, I say unto you, if a man keep my saying, he shall
never see death. John viii. 51.
Improvement in visdom and prudence by seeing men. Locke.

6. To accompany in person; to escort; to wait upon; as, to see one
home; to see one aboard the cars. God you (him, or me, etc.) see, God
keep you (him, me, etc.) in his sight; God protect you. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
 -- To see (anything) out, to see (it) to the end; to be present at,
or attend, to the end.
 -- To see stars, to see flashes of light, like stars; -- sometimes
the result of concussion of the head. [Colloq.] -- To see (one)
through, to help, watch, or guard (one) to the end of a course or an
undertaking.

SEE
See, v. i.

1. To have the power of sight, or of perceiving by the proper organs;
to possess or employ the sense of vision; as, he sees distinctly.
Whereas I was blind, now I see. John ix. 25.

2. Figuratively: To have intellectual apprehension; to perceive; to
know; to understand; to discern; -- often followed by a preposition,
as through, or into.
For judgment I am come into this world, that they which see not might
see; and that they which see might be made blind. John ix. 39.
Many sagacious persons will find us out, . . . and see through all
our fine pretensions. Tillotson.

3. To be attentive; to take care; to give heed; -- generally with to;
as, to see to the house.
See that ye fall not out by the way. Gen. xiv. 24.

Note: Let me see, Let us see, are used to express consideration, or
to introduce the particular consideration of a subject, or some
scheme or calculation.
Cassio's a proper man, let me see now, -To get his place. Shak.

Note: See is sometimes used in the imperative for look, or behold.
"See. see! upon the banks of Boyne he stands." Halifax. To see about
a thing, to pay attention to it; to consider it.
 -- To see on, to look at. [Obs.] "She was full more blissful on to
see." Chaucer.
 -- To see to. (a) To look at; to behold; to view. [Obs.] "An altar
by Jordan, a great altar to see to" Josh. xxii. 10. (b) To take care
about; to look after; as, to see to a fire.

SEECATCH
See"catch, n. [Russ. siekach.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A full-grown male fur seal. [Alaska]

SEED
Seed, n.; pl. Seed or Seeds. Etym: [OE. seed, sed, AS. s, fr. sawan
to sow; akin to D. zaad seed, G. saat, Icel. sa, s, Goth. manas seed
of men. world. See Sow to scatter seed, and cf. Colza.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) A ripened ovule, consisting of an embryo with one or more
integuments, or coverings; as, an apple seed; a currant seed. By
germination it produces a new plant.
(b) Any small seedlike fruit, though it may consist of a pericarp, or
even a calyx, as well as the seed proper; as, parsnip seed; thistle
seed.
And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding
seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is
in itself. Gen. i. 11.

Note: The seed proper has an outer and an inner coat, and within
these the kernel or nucleus. The kernel is either the embryo alone,
or the embryo inclosed in the albumen, which is the material for the
nourishment of the developing embryo. The scar on a seed, left where
the stem parted from it, is called the hilum, and the closed orifice
of the ovule, the micropyle.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The generative fluid of the male; semen; sperm; -- not used in
the plural.

3. That from which anything springs; first principle; original;
source; as, the seeds of virtue or vice.

4. The principle of production.
Praise of great acts he scatters as a seed, Which may the like in
coming ages breed. Waller.

5. Progeny; offspring; children; descendants; as, the seed of
Abraham; the seed of David.

Note: In this sense the word is applied to one person, or to any
number collectively, and admits of the plural form, though rarely
used in the plural.

6. Race; generation; birth.
Of mortal seed they were not held. Waller.
Seed bag (Artesian well), a packing to prevent percolation of water
down the bore hole. It consists of a bag encircling the tubing and
filled with flax seed, which swells when wet and fills the space
between the tubing and the sides of the hole.
 -- Seed bud (Bot.), the germ or rudiment of the plant in the embryo
state; the ovule.
 -- Seed coat (Bot.), the covering of a seed.
 -- Seed corn, or Seed grain (Bot.), corn or grain for seed.
 -- Seed down (Bot.), the soft hairs on certain seeds, as cotton
seed.
 -- Seed drill. See 6th Drill, 2 (a).
 -- Seed eater (Zoöl.), any finch of the genera Sporophila, and
Crithagra. They feed mainly on seeds.
 -- Seed gall (Zoöl.), any gall which resembles a seed, formed, on
the leaves of various plants, usually by some species of Phylloxera.
 -- Seed leaf (Bot.), a cotyledon.
 -- Seed lobe (Bot.), a cotyledon; a seed leaf.
 -- Seed oil, oil expressed from the seeds of plants.
 -- Seed oyster, a young oyster, especially when of a size suitable
for transplantation to a new locality.
 -- Seed pearl, a small pearl of little value.
 -- Seed plat, or Seed plot, the ground on which seeds are sown, to
produce plants for transplanting; a nursery.
 -- Seed stalk (Bot.), the stalk of an ovule or seed; a funicle.
 -- Seed tick (Zoöl.), one of several species of ticks resembling
seeds in form and color.
 -- Seed vessel (Bot.), that part of a plant which contains the
seeds; a pericarp.
 -- Seed weevil (Zoöl.), any one of numerous small weevels,
especially those of the genus Apion, which live in the seeds of
various plants.
 -- Seed wool, cotton wool not yet cleansed of its seeds. [Southern
U.S.]

SEED
Seed, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Seeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Seeding.]

1. To sprinkle with seed; to plant seeds in; to sow; as, to seed a
field.

2. To cover thinly with something scattered; to ornament with
seedlike decorations.
A sable mantle seeded with waking eyes. B. Jonson.
To seed down, to sow with grass seed.

SEEDBOX
Seed"box`, n. (Bot.)
(a) A capsule.
(b) A plant (Ludwigia alternifolia) which has somewhat cubical or
box-shaped capsules.

SEEDCAKE
Seed"cake`, n.

Defn: A sweet cake or cooky containing aromatic seeds, as caraway.
Tusser.

SEEDCOD
Seed"cod`, n.

Defn: A seedlip. [Prov. Eng.]

SEEDER
Seed"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, sows or plants seed.

SEEDINESS
Seed`i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being seedy, shabby, or worn out; a
state of wretchedness or exhaustion. [Colloq.] G. Eliot.
What is called seedness, after a debauch, is a plain proof that
nature has been outraged. J. S. Blackie.

SEED-LAC
Seed"-lac`, n.

Defn: A species of lac. See the Note under Lac.

SEEDLESS
Seed"less, a.

Defn: Without seed or seeds.

SEEDLING
Seed"ling, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant reared from the seed, as distinguished from one
propagated by layers, buds, or the like.

SEEDLIP; SEEDLOP
Seed"lip`, Seed"lop`, n. Etym: [AS. s; s seed + leáp basket.]

Defn: A vessel in which a sower carries the seed to be scattered.
[Prov. Eng.]

SEEDMAN
Seed"man, See

Defn: Seedsman.

SEEDNESS
Seed"ness, n.

Defn: Seedtime. [Obs.] Shak.

SEEDSMAN
Seeds"man, n.; pl. Seedsmen (.

1. A sower; one who sows or scatters seed.
The seedsman Upon the slime and ooze scatters his grain. Shak.

2. A person who deals in seeds.

SEEDTIME
Seed"time`, n. Etym: [AS. s.]

Defn: The season proper for sowing.
While the earth remaineth, seedtime and harvest, and cold and heat,
and summer and winter, and day and night, shall not cease. Gen. viii.
22.

SEEDY
Seed"y, a. [Compar. Seedier; superl. Seediest.]

1. Abounding with seeds; bearing seeds; having run to seeds.

2. Having a peculiar flavor supposed to be derived from the weeds
growing among the vines; -- said of certain kinds of FRench brandy.

3. Old and worn out; exhausted; spiritless; also, poor and miserable
looking; shabily clothed; shabby looking; as, he looked seedy coat.
[Colloq.]
Little Flanigan here . . . is a little seedy, as we say among us that
practice the law. Goldsmith. Seedy toe, an affection of a horse's
foot, in which a cavity filled with horn powder is formed between the
laminæ and the wall of the hoof.

SEEING
See"ing, conj.

Defn: (but originally a present participle). In view of the fact
(that); considering; taking into account (that); insmuch as; since;
because; -- followed by a dependent clause; as, he did well, seeing
that he was so young.
Wherefore come ye to me, seeing ye hate me Gen. xxvi. 27.

SEEK
Seek, a.

Defn: Sick. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SEEK
Seek, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sought; p. pr. & vb. n. Seeking.] Etym:
[OE, seken, AS. s, s; akin to OS. s, LG. söken, D. zoeken, OHG.
suohhan, G. suchen, Icel. s, Sw. söka, Dan. söge, Goth. s, and E.
sake. Cf. Beseech, Ransack, Sagacious, Sake, Soc.]

1. To go in search of; to look for; to search for; to try to find.
The man saked him, saying, What seekest thou And he said, I seek my
brethren. Gen. xxxvii. 15,16.

2. To inquire for; to ask for; to solicit; to bessech.
Others, tempting him, sought of him a sign. Luke xi. 16.

3. To try to acquire or gain; to strive after; to aim at; as, to seek
wealth or fame; to seek one's life.

4. To try to reach or come to; to go to; to resort to.
Seek not Bethel, nor enter into Gilgal. Amos v. 5.
Since great Ulysses sought the Phrygian plains. Pope.

SEEK
Seek, v. i.

Defn: To make search or inquiry: to endeavor to make discovery.
Seek ye out of the book of the Lord, and read. Isa. xxxiv. 16.
To seek, needing to seek or search; hence, unpreparated.
"Unpracticed, unpreparated, and still to seek." Milton. [Obs] -- To
seek after, to make pursuit of; to attempt to find or take.
 -- To seek for, to endeavor to find.
 -- To seek to, to apply to; to resort to; to court. [Obs.] "All the
earth sought to Solomon, to hear his wisdom." 1. Kings x. 24.
 -- To seek upon, to make strict inquiry after; to follow up; to
persecute. [Obs.]
To seek Upon a man and do his soul unrest. Chaucer.

SEEKER
Seek"er, n.

1. One who seeks; that which is used in seeking or searching.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: One of a small heterogeneous sect of the 17th century, in Great
Britain, who professed to be seeking the true church, ministry, and
sacraments.
A skeptic [is] ever seeking and never finds, like our new upstart
sect of Seekers. Bullokar.

SEEK-NO-FURTHER
Seek"-no-fur`ther, n.

Defn: A kind of choice winter apple, having a subacid taste; --
formerly called go-no-further.

SEEK-SORROW
Seek"-sor`row, n.

Defn: One who contrives to give himself vexation. [Archaic.] Sir P.
Sidney.

SEEL
Seel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Seeled; p. pr. & vb. n. Seeling.] Etym:
[F.siller, ciller, fr. cil an eyelash, L. cilium.]

1. (Falconry)

Defn: To close the eyes of (a hawk or other bird) by drawing through
the lids threads which were fastened over the head. Bacon.
Fools climbs to fall: fond hopes, like seeled doves for want of
better light, mount till they end their flight with falling. J.
Reading.

2. Hence, to shut or close, as the eyes; to blind.
Come, seeling night, Scarf up the tender eye of pitiful day. Shak.
Gold death, with a violent fate, his sable eyes did seel. Chapman.

SEEL
Seel, v. i. Etym: [Cf. LG. sielen to lead off water, F. siller to run
ahead, to make headway, E. sile, v.t.]

Defn: To incline to one side; to lean; to roll, as a ship at sea.
[Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

SEEL; SEELING
Seel, Seel"ing, n.

Defn: The rolling or agitation of a ship in a sterm. [Obs.] Sandys.

SEEL
Seel, n. Etym: [AS. s, from s good, prosperous. See Silly.]

1. Good fortune; favorable opportunity; prosperity. [Obs.] "So have I
seel". Chaucer.

2. Time; season; as, hay seel. [Prov. Eng.]

SEELILY
Seel"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a silly manner. [Obs.]

SEELY
Seel"y, a.

Defn: See Silly. [Obs.] Spenser.

SEEM
Seem, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Seemed; p. pr. & vb. n. Seeming.] Etym:
[OE. semen to seem, to become, befit, AS. s to satisfy, pacify; akin
to Icel. s to honor, to bear with, conform to, s becoming, fit, s to
beseem, to befit, sama to beseem, semja to arrange, settle, put
right, Goth. samjan to please, and to E. same. The sense is probably
due to the adj. seemly. sq. root191. See Same, a., and cf. Seemly.]

Defn: To appear, or to appear to be; to have a show or semblance; to
present an appearance; to look; to strike one's apprehension or fancy
as being; to be taken as. "It now seemed probable." Macaulay.
Thou picture of what thou seem'st. Shak.
All seemed well pleased; all seemed, but were not all. Milton.
There is a way which seemeth right unto a man; but the end thereof
are the ways of death. Prov. xiv. 12.
It seems, it appears; it is understood as true; it is said.
A prince of Italy, it seems, entertained his misstress on a great
lake. Addison.

Syn.
 -- To appear; look.
 -- Seem, Appear. To appear has reference to a thing's being
presented to our view; as, the sun appears; to seem is connected with
the idea of semblance, and usually implies an inference of our mind
as to the probability of a thing's being so; as, a storm seems to be
coming. "The story appears to be true," means that the facts, as
presented, go to show its truth; "the story seems to be true," means
that it has the semblance of being so, and we infer that it is true.
"His first and principal care being to appear unto his people such as
he would have them be, and to be such as he appeared." Sir P. Sidney.
Ham. Ay, madam, it is common. Queen. If it be, Why seems it so
particular with thee Ham. Seems, madam! Nay, it is; I know not
"seems." Shak.

SEEM
Seem, v. t.

Defn: To befit; to beseem. [Obs.] Spenser.

SEEMER
Seem"er, n.

Defn: One who seems; one who carries or assumes an appearance or
semblance.
Hence shall we see, If power change purpose, what our seemers be.
Shak.

SEEMING
Seem"ing, a.

Defn: Having a semblance, whether with or without reality; apparent;
specious; befitting; as, seeming friendship; seeming truth.
My lord, you have lost a friend indeed; And I dare swear you borrow
not that face Of seeming sorrow, it is sure your own. Shak.

SEEMING
Seem"ing, n.

1. Appearance; show; semblance; fair appearance; speciousness.
These keep Seeming and savor all the winter long. Shak.

2. Apprehension; judgment. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Nothing more clear unto their seeming. Hooker.
His persuasive words, impregned With reason, to her seeming. Milton.

SEEMINGLY
Seem"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In appearance; in show; in semblance; apparently; ostensibly.
This the father seemingly complied with. Addison.

SEEMINGNESS
Seem"ing*ness, n.

Defn: Semblance; fair appearance; plausibility. Sir K. Digby.

SEEMLESS
Seem"less, a.

Defn: Unseemly. [Obs.] Spenser.

SEEMLILY
Seem"li*ly, adv.

Defn: In a seemly manner. [Obs.]

SEEMLINESS
Seem"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being seemly: comeliness; propriety.

SEEMLY
Seem"ly, a. [Compar.Seemlier (; superl. Seeliest.] Etym: [Icel. s,
fr. s becoming, fit; akin to samr same, E. same; the sense being
properly, the same or like, hence, fitting. See Seem, v. i.]

Defn: Suited to the object, occasion, purpose, or character;
suitable; fit; becoming; comely; decorous.
He had a seemly nose. Chaucer.
I am a woman, lacking wit To make a seemly answer to such persons.
Shak.
Suspense of judgment and exercise of charity were safer and seemlier
for Christian men than the hot pursuit of these controversies.
Hooker.

Syn.
 -- Becoming; fit; suitable; proper; appropriate; congruous; meet;
decent; decorous.

SEEMLY
Seem"ly, adv. [Compar. Seemlier; superl. Seemliest.]

Defn: In a decent or suitable manner; becomingly.
Suddenly a men before him stood, Not rustic as before, but seemlier
clad, As one in city or court or place bred. Milton.

SEEMLYHED
Seem"ly*hed, n. Etym: [See -hood.]

Defn: Comely or decent appearance. [Obs.] Rom. of R. Spenser.

SEEN
Seen, p. p.

Defn: of See.

SEEN
Seen, a.

Defn: Versed; skilled; accomplished. [Obs.]
Well seen in every science that mote be. Spenser.
Noble Boyle, not less in nature seen, Than his great brother read in
states and men. Dryden.

SEEP; SIPE
Seep, or; Sipe, v. i. Etym: [AS. sipan to distill.]

Defn: To run or soak through fine pores and interstices; to ooze.
[Scot. & U. S.]
Water seeps up through the sidewalks. G. W. Cable.

SEEPAGE; SIPAGE
Seep"age, or; Sip"age, n.

Defn: Water that seeped or oozed through a porous soil. [Scot. & U.
S.]

SEEPY; SIPY
Seep"y, or; Sip"y, a.

Defn: Oozy; -- applied to land under cultivation that is not well
drained.

SEER
Seer, a.

Defn: Sore; painful. [Prov. Eng.] Ray.

SEER
Se"er, n.

Defn: One who sees. Addison.

SEER
Seer, n. Etym: [From See.]

Defn: A person who foresees events; a prophet. Milton.

SEERESS
Seer"ess, n.

Defn: A female seer; a prophetess.

SEERFISH
Seer"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A scombroid food fish of Maderia (Cybium Commersonii).

SEERHAND
Seer"hand, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A kind of muslin of a texture between nainsook and mull.

SEERSHIP
Seer"ship, n.

Defn: The office or quality of a seer.

SEERSUCKER
Seer"suck`er, n.

Defn: A light fabric, originally made in the East Indies, of silk and
linen, usually having alternating stripes, and a slightly craped or
puckered surface; also, a cotton fabric of similar appearance.

SEERWOOD
Seer"wood`, n. Etym: [See Sear.]

Defn: Dry wood. [Written also searwood.] [Obs.] Dryden.

SEESAW
See"saw`, n. Etym: [Probably a reduplication of saw, to express the
alternate motion to and fro, as in the act of sawing.]

1. A play among children in which they are seated upon the opposite
ends of a plank which is balanced in the middle, and move alternately
up and down.

2. A plank or board adjusted for this play.

3. A vibratory or reciprocating motion.
He has been arguing in a circle; there is thus a seesaw between the
hypothesis and fact. Sir W. Hamilton.

4. (Whist.)

Defn: Same as Crossruff.

SEESAW
See"saw`, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Seesawad; p. pr. & vb. n. Seesawing.]

Defn: To move with a reciprocating motion; to move backward and
forward, or upward and downward.

SEESAW
See"saw`, v. t.

Defn: To cause to move backward and forward in seesaw fashion.
He seesaws himself to and fro. Ld. Lytton.

SEESAW
See"saw`, a.

Defn: Moving up and down, or to and fro; having a reciprocating
motion.

SEET
Seet, obs. imp. of Sit.

Defn: Sate; sat. Chaucer.

SEETH
Seeth, obs.

Defn: imp. of Seethe. Chaucer.

SEETHE
Seethe, v. t. [imp. Seethed (Sod (, obs.); p. p. Seethed, Sodden (;
p. pr. & vb. n. Seething.] Etym: [OE. sethen, AS. seó; akin to D.
sieden, OHG. siodan, G. sieden, Icel. sj, Sw. sjuda, Dan. syde, Goth.
saubs a burnt offering. Cf. Sod, n., Sodden, Suds.]

Defn: To decoct or prepare for food in hot liquid; to boil; as, to
seethe flesh. [Written also seeth.]
Set on the great pot, and seethe pottage for the sons of the
prophets. 2 Kings iv. 38.

SEETHE
Seethe, v. i.

Defn: To be a state of ebullition or violent commotion; to be hot; to
boil. 1 Sam. ii. 13.
A long Pointe, round which the Mississippi used to whirl, and seethe,
and foam. G. W. Cable.

SEETHER
Seeth"er, n.

Defn: A pot for boiling things; a boiler.
Like burnished gold the little seether shone. Dryden.

SEG
Seg, n. Etym: [See Sedge.] (Bot.)

1. Sedge. [Obs.]

2. The gladen, and other species of Iris. Prior.

SEG
Seg, n. Etym: [Probably from the root of L. secare to cut.]

Defn: A castrated bull. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell.

SEGAR
Se*gar", n.

Defn: See Cigar.

SEGGAR
Seg"gar, n. Etym: [Prov. E. saggard a seggar, seggard a sort of
riding surtout, contr. fr. safeguard.]

Defn: A case or holder made of fire clay, in which fine pottery is
inclosed while baking in the kin. [Written also saggar, sagger, and
segger.] Ure.

SEGGE
Segge, n. (Zoöl.

Defn: The hedge sparrow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

SEGMENT
Seg"ment, n. Etym: [L. segmentum, fr. secare to cut, cut off: cf. F.
segment. See Saw a cutting instrument.]

1. One of the parts into which any body naturally separates or is
divided; a part divided or cut off; a section; a portion; as, a
segment of an orange; a segment of a compound or divided leaf.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A part cut off from a figure by a line or plane; especially,
that part of a circle contained between a chord and an arc of that
circle, or so much of the circle as is cut off by the chord; as, the
segment acb in the Illustration.

3. (Mach.)
(a) A piece in the form of the sector of a circle, or part of a ring;
as, the segment of a sectional fly wheel or flywheel rim.
(b) A segment gear.

4. (Biol.)
(a) One of the cells or division formed by segmentation, as in egg
cleavage or in fissiparous cell formation.
(b) One of the divisions, rings, or joints into which many animal
bodies are divided; a somite; a metamere; a somatome. Segment gear, a
piece for receiving or communicating reciprocating motion from or to
a cogwheel, consisting of a sector of a circular gear, or ring,
having cogs on the periphery, or face.
 -- Segment of a line, the part of a line contained between two
points on it.
 -- Segment of a sphere, the part of a sphere cut off by a plane, or
included between two parallel planes.
 -- Ventral segment. (Acoustics) See Loor, n., 5.

SEGMENT
Seg"ment, v. i. (Biol.)

Defn: To divide or separate into parts in growth; to undergo
segmentation, or cleavage, as in the segmentation of the ovum.

SEGMENTAL
Seg*men"tal, a.

1. Relating to, or being, a segment.

2. (Anat. & Zoöl.)
(a) Of or pertaining to the segments of animals; as, a segmental
duct; segmental papillæ.
(b) Of or pertaining to the segmental organs. Segmental duct (Anat.),
the primitive duct of the embryonic excretory organs which gives rise
to the Wolffian duct and ureter; the pronephric duct.
 -- Segmental organs. (a) (Anat.) The embryonic excretory organs of
vertebrates, consisting primarily of the segmental tubes and
segmental ducts. (b) (Zoöl.) The tubular excretory organs, a pair of
which often occur in each of several segments in annelids. They serve
as renal organs, and often, also, as oviducts and sperm ducts. See
Illust. under Sipunculacea.
 -- Segmental tubes (Anat.), the tubes which primarily open into the
segmental duct, some of which become the urinary tubules of the
adult.

SEGMENTATION
Seg`men*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of dividing into segments; specifically
(Biol.), a self-division into segments as a result of growth; cell
cleavage; cell multiplication; endogenous cell formation.
Segmentation cavity (Biol.), the cavity formed by the arrangement of
the cells in segmentation or cleavage of the ovum; the cavity of the
blastosphere. In the gastrula stage, the segmentation cavity in which
the mesoblast is formed lies between the entoblast and ectoblast. See
Illust. of Invagination.
 -- Segmentation nucleus (Biol.), the body formed by fusion of the
male and female pronucleus in an impregnated ovum. See the Note under
Pronucleus.
 -- Segmentation of the ovum, or Egg cleavage (Biol.), the process by
which the embryos of all the higher plants and animals are derived
from the germ cell. In the simplest case, that of small ova destitute
of food yolk, the ovum or egg divides into two similar halves or
segments (blastomeres), each of these again divides into two, and so
on, thus giving rise to a mass of cells (mulberry mass, or morula),
all equal and similar, from the growth and development of which the
future animal is to be formed. This constitutes regular segmentation.
Quite frequently, however, the equality and regularity of cleavage is
interfered with by the presence of food yolk, from which results
unequal segmentation. See Holoblastic, Meroblastic, Alecithal,
Centrolecithal, Ectolecithal, and Ovum.
 -- Segmentation sphere (Biol.), the blastosphere, or morula. See
Morula.

SEGMENTED
Seg"ment*ed, a.

Defn: Divided into segments or joints; articulated.

SEGNITUDE; SEGNITY
Seg"ni*tude, Seg"ni*ty, n. Etym: [L. segnitas, fr. segnis slow,
sluggish.]

Defn: Sluggishness; dullness; inactivity. [Obs.]

SEGNO
Se"gno, n. Etym: [It. See Sign.] (Mus.)

Defn: A sign. See Al segno, and Dal segno.

SEGO
Se"go, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A liliaceous plant (Calochortus Nuttallii) of Western North
America, and its edible bulb; -- so called by the Ute Indians and the
Mormons.

SEGREGATE
Seg"re*gate, a. Etym: [L. segregatus, p. p. of segregare to separate;
pref. se- aside + grex, gregis, a flock or herd. See Gregarious.]

1. Separate; select.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Separated from others of the same kind.

SEGREGATE
Seg"re*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Segregated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Segregating.]

Defn: To separate from others; to set apart.
They are still segregated, Christians from Christians, under odious
designations. I. Taylor.

SEGREGATE
Seg"re*gate, v. i. (Geol.)

Defn: To separate from a mass, and collect together about centers or
along lines of fracture, as in the process of crystallization or
solidification.

SEGREGATION
Seg`re*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. segregatio: cf. F. ségrégation.]

1. The act of segregating, or the state of being segregated;
separation from others; a parting.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Separation from a mass, and gathering about centers or into
cavities at hand through cohesive attraction or the crystallizing
process.

SEICHES
Seiches, n. pl. Etym: [F.] (Geol.)

Defn: Local oscillations in level observed in the case of some lakes,
as Lake Geneva.

SEID
Seid, n. Etym: [Ar seyid prince.]

Defn: A descendant of Mohammed through his daughter Fatima and nephew
Ali.

SEIDLITZ
Seid"litz, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Seidlitz, a village in Bohemia. [Written
also Sedlitz.] Seidlitz powders, effervescing salts, consisting of
two separate powders, one of which contains forty grains of sodium
bicarbonate mixed with two drachms of RochellRochelle powders.
 -- Seidlitz water, a natural water from Seidlitz, containing
magnesium, sodium, calcium, and potassium sulphates, with calcium
carbonate and a little magnesium chloride. It is used as an aperient.

SEIGH
Seigh,

Defn: obs. imp. sing. of See. Saw. Chaucer.

SEIGNEURIAL
Seign*eu"ri*al, a. Etym: [F., fr. seigneur. See Seignior.]

1. Of or pertaining to the lord of a manor; manorial. Sir W. Temple.

2. Vested with large powers; independent.

SEIGNIOR
Seign"ior, n. Etym: [OF. seignor, F. seigneur, cf. It. signore, Sp.
señor from an objective case of L. senier elder. See Senior.]

1. A lord; the lord of a manor.

2. A title of honor or of address in the South of Europe,
corresponding to Sir or Mr. in English. Grand Seignior, the sultan of
Turkey.

SEIGNIORAGE
Seign"ior*age, n. Etym: [F. seigneuriage, OF. seignorage.]

1. Something claimed or taken by virtue of sovereign prerogative;
specifically, a charge or toll deducted from bullion brought to a
mint to be coined; the difference between the cost of a mass of
bullion and the value as money of the pieces coined from it.
If government, however, throws the expense of coinage, as is
reasonable, upon the holders, by making a charge to cover the expense
(which is done by giving back rather less in coin than has been
received in bullion, and is called "levying a seigniorage"), the coin
will rise to the extent of the seigniorage above the value of the
bullion. J. S. Mill.

2. A share of the receipts of a business taken in payment for the use
of a right, as a copyright or a patent.

SEIGNIORAL
Seign"ior*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a seignior; seigneurial. "Kingly or
seignioral patronage." Burke.

SEIGNIORALTY
Seign"ior*al*ty, n.

Defn: The territory or authority of a seignior, or lord. Milman.

SEIGNIORIAL
Seign*io"ri*al, a.

Defn: Same as Seigneurial.

SEIGNIORIZE
Seign"ior*ize, v. t.

Defn: To lord it over. [Obs.]
As proud as he that seigniorizeth hell. Fairfax.

SEIGNIORY
Seign"ior*y, n.; pl. -ies. Etym: [OE. seignorie, OF. seigneurie, F.
seigneurie; cf. It. signoria.]

1. The power or authority of a lord; dominion.
O'Neal never had any seigniory over that country but what by
encroachment he got upon the English. Spenser.

2. The territory over which a lord holds jurisdiction; a manor.
[Written also seigneury, and seignory.]

SEINE
Seine, n. Etym: [F. seine, or AS. segene, bsagena, Gr. (Fishing.)

Defn: A large net, one edge of which is provided with sinkers, and
the other with floats. It hangs vertically in the water, and when its
ends are brought together or drawn ashore incloses the fish. Seine
boat, a boat specially constructed to carry and pay out a seine.

SEINER
Sein"er, n.

Defn: One who fishes with a seine.

SEINING
Sein"ing, n.

Defn: Fishing with a seine.

SEINT
Seint, n. Etym: [See Cincture.]

Defn: A girdle. [Obs.] "Girt with a seint of silk." Chaucer.

SEINT
Seint, n.

Defn: A saint. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SEINTUARY
Sein"tu*a*ry, n.

Defn: Sanctuary. [Obs.]

SEIRFISH
Seir"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Seerfish.

SEIROSPORE
Sei"ro*spore, n. Etym: [Gr. spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of several spores arranged in a chain as in certain algæ of
the genus Callithamnion.

SEISE
Seise, v. t.

Defn: See Seize. Spenser.

Note: This is the common spelling in the law phrase to be seised of
(an estate).

SEISIN
Sei"sin, n.

Defn: See Seizin. Spenser.

SEISMIC; SEISMAL
Seis"mic, Seis"mal, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an earthquake; caused by an earthquake.
Seismic vertical, the point upon the earth's surface vertically over
the center of effort or focal point whence the earthquake's impulse
proceeds, or the vertical line connecting these two points.

SEISMOGRAM
Seis"mo*gram, n. [Gr.  earthquake + -gram.] (Physics)

Defn: The trace or record of an earth tremor, made by means of a
seismograph.

SEISMOGRAPH
Seis"mo*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.] (Physics)

Defn: An apparatus for registering the shocks and undulatory motions
of earthquakes.

SEISMOGRAPHIC
Seis`mo*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a seismograph; indicated by a seismograph.

SEISMOGRAPHY
Seis*mog"ra*phy, n.

1. A writing about, or a description of, earthquakes.

2. The art of registering the shocks and undulatory movements of
earthquakes.

SEISMOLOGICAL
Seis`mo*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to seismology.
 -- Seis`mo*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

SEISMOLOGY
Seis*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of earthquakes.

SEISMOMETER
Seis*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the direction, duration, and force
of earthquakes and like concussions.

SEISMOMETRIC
Seis`mo*met"ric, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to seismometry, or seismometer; as,
seismometric instruments; seismometric measurements.

SEISMOMETRY
Seis*mom"e*try, n.

Defn: The mensuration of such phenomena of earthquakes as can be
expressed in numbers, or by their relation to the coördinates of
space.

SEISMOSCOPE
Seis"mo*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: A seismometer.

SEITY
Se"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. se one's self.]

Defn: Something peculiar to one's self. [R.] Tatler.

SEIZABLE
Seiz"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be seized.

SEIZE
Seize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Seized; p. pr. & vb. n. Seizing.] Etym:
[OE. seisen, saisen, OF. seisir, saisir, F. saisir, of Teutonic
origin, and akin to E. set. The meaning is properly, to set, put,
place, hence, to put in possession of. See Set, v. t.]

1. To fall or rush upon suddenly and lay hold of; to gripe or grasp
suddenly; to reach and grasp.
For by no means the high bank he could seize. Spenser.
Seek you to seize and gripe into your hands The royalties and rights
of banished Hereford Shak.

2. To take possession of by force.
At last they seize The scepter, and regard not David's sons. Milton.

3. To invade suddenly; to take sudden hold of; to come upon suddenly;
as, a fever seizes a patient.
Hope and deubt alternate seize her seul. Pope.

4. (law)

Defn: To take possession of by virtue of a warrant or other legal
authority; as, the sheriff seized the debtor's goods.

5. To fasten; to fix. [Obs.]
As when a bear hath seized her cruel claws Upon the carcass of some
beast too weak. Spenser.

6. To grap with the mind; to comprehend fully and distinctly; as, to
seize an idea.

7. (Naut.)

Defn: To bind or fasten together with a lashing of small stuff, as
yarn or marline; as, to seize ropes.

Note: This word, by writers on law, is commonly written seise, in the
phrase to be seised of (an estate), as also, in composition,
disseise, disseisin. To be seized of, to have possession, or right of
possession; as, A B was seized and possessed of the manor of Dale.
"Whom age might see seized of what youth made prize." Chapman.
 -- To seize on or upon, to fall on and grasp; to take hold on; to
take possession of suddenly and forcibly.

Syn.
 -- To catch; grasp; clutch; snatch; apprehend; arrest; take;
capture.

SEIZER
Seiz"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, seizes.

SEIZIN
Sei"zin, n. Etym: [F. saisine. See Seize.]

1. (Law)

Defn: Possession; possession of an estate of froehold. It may be
either in deed or in law; the former when there is actual possession,
the latter when there is a right to such possession by construction
of law. In some of the United States seizin means merely ownership.
Burrill.

2. The act of taking possession. [Obs.]

3. The thing possessed; property. Sir M. Halle.

Note: Commonly spelt by writers on law seisin. Livery of seizin.
(Eng. Law) See Note under Livery, 1.

SEIZING
Seiz"ing, n.

1. The act of taking or grasping suddenly.

2. (Naut.)
(a) The operation of fastening together or lashing.
(b) The cord or lashing used for such fastening.

SEIZOR
Sei"zor, n. (Law)

Defn: One who seizes, or takes possession.

SEIZURE
Sei"zure, n.

1. The act of seizing, or the state of being seized; sudden and
violent grasp or gripe; a taking into possession; as, the seizure of
a thief, a property, a throne, etc.

2. Retention within one's grasp or power; hold; possession;
ownership.
Make o'er thy honor by a deed of trust, And give me seizure of the
mighty wealth. Dryden.

3. That which is seized, or taken possession of; a thing laid hold
of, or possessed.

SEJANT; SEJEANT
Se"jant, Se"jeant, a. Etym: [F. séant, p. pr. of seoir to sit, L.
sedere.] (Her.)

Defn: Sitting, as a lion or other beast. Sejant rampant, sitting with
the forefeet lifted up. Wright.

SEJEIN
Se*jein", v. t. Etym: [L. sejungere; pref. se- aside + jungere to
join. See Join.]

Defn: To separate. [Obs.]

SEJUNCTION
Se*junc"tion, n. Etym: [L. sejunctio. See Sejoin.]

Defn: The act of disjoining, or the state of being disjoined. [Obs.]
Bp. Pearson.

SEJUNGIBLE
Se*jun"gi*ble, a. Etym: [See Sejoin.]

Defn: Capable of being disjoined. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

SEKE
Seke, a.

Defn: Sick. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SEKE
Seke, v. t. & i.

Defn: To seek. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SEKES
Se"kes, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: A place in a pagan temple in which the images of the deities
were inclosed.

SELACHIAN
Se*la"chi*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Selachii. See Illustration in Appendix.

SELACHII
Se*la"chi*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of elasmobranchs including the sharks and rays; the
Plagiostomi. Called also Selacha, Selache, and Selachoidei.

SELACHOIDEI
Sel`a*choi"de*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Selachii, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Selachii.

SELACHOSTOMI
Sel`a*chos"to*mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Selachii, and Stoma.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of ganoid fishes which includes the paddlefish, in
which the mouth is armed with small teeth.

SELAGINELLA
Sel`a*gi*nel"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. selago, -inis, a kind of
plant.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of cryptogamous plants resembling Lycopodia, but
producing two kinds of spores; also, any plant of this genus. Many
species are cultivated in conservatories.

SELAH
Se"lah, n. Etym: [Heb. selah.] (Script.)

Defn: A word of doubtful meaning, occuring frequently in the Psalms;
by some, supposed to signify silence or a pause in the musical
performance of the song.
Beyond the fact that Selach is a musical term, we know absolutely
nothing about it. Dr. W. Smith (Bib. Dict.)

SELCOUTH
Sel"couth, n. Etym: [AS. selc, seldc; seld rare + c known. See
Uncouth.]

Defn: Rarely known; unusual; strange. [Obs.]
[She] wondered much at his so selcouth case. Spenser.

SELD
Seld, a. Etym: [See Seldom.]

Defn: Rare; uncommon; unusual. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

SELD
Seld, adv.

Defn: Rarely; seldom. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SELDEN
Sel"den, adv.

Defn: Seldom. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SELDOM
Sel"dom, adv. [Usually, compar. More seldom (; superl. Most seldom (;
but sometimes also, Seldomer (, Seldomest.] Etym: [AS. seldan,
seldon, seldum, fr. seld rare; akin to OFries. sielden, D. zelden, G.
selten, OHG. seltan, Icel. sjaldan, Dan. sielden, Sw. sällan, Goth.
sildaleiks marvelous.]

Defn: Rarely; not often; not frequently.
Wisdom and youth are seldom joined in one. Hooker.

SELDOM
Sel"dom, a.

Defn: Rare; infrequent. [Archaic.] "A suppressed and seldom anger."
Jer. Taylor.

SELDOMNESS
Sel"dom*ness, n.

Defn: Rareness. Hooker.

SELDSEEN
Seld"seen`, a. Etym: [AS. seldsiene.]

Defn: Seldom seen. [Obs.] Drayton.

SELDSHEWN
Seld"shewn`, a. Etym: [Seld + shown.]

Defn: Rarely shown or exhibited. [Obs.] Shak.

SELECT
Se*lect", a. Etym: [L. selectus, p. p. of seligere to select; pref.
se- aside + levere to gather. See Legend.]

Defn: Taken from a number by preferance; picked out as more valuable
or exellent than others; of special value or exellence; nicely
chosen; selected; choice.
A few select spirits had separated from the crowd, and formed a fit
audience round a far greater teacher. Macaulay.

SELECT
Se*lect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Selected; p. pr. & vb. n. Selecting.]

Defn: To choose and take from a number; to take by preference from
among others; to pick out; to cull; as, to select the best authors
for perusal. "One peculiar nation to select." Milton.
The pious chief . . . A hundred youths from all his train selects.
Dryden.

SELECTEDLY
Se*lect"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: With care and selection. [R.]

SELECTION
Se*lec"tion, n. Etym: [L. selectio: cf. F. sélection.] .

Defn: The act of selecting, or the state of being selected; choice,
by preference.

2. That which is selected; a collection of things chosen; as, a
choice selection of books. Natural selection. (Biol.) See under
Natural.

SELECTIVE
Se*lect"ive, a.

Defn: Selecting; tending to select.
This selective providence of the Almighty. Bp. Hall.

SELECTMAN
Se*lect"man, n.; pl. Selectmen (.

Defn: One of a board of town officers chosen annually in the New
England States to transact the general public business of the town,
and have a kind of executive authority. The number is usually from
three to seven in each town.
The system of delegated town action was then, perhaps, the same which
was defined in an "order made in 1635 by the inhabitants of
Charlestown at a full meeting for the government of the town, by
selectmen;" the name presently extended throughout New England to
municipal governors. Palfrey.

SELECTNESS
Se*lect"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being select.

SELECTOR
Se*lect"or, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who selects.

SELENATE
Sel"e*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of selenic acid; -- formerly called also seleniate.

SELENHYDRIC
Sel`en*hy"dric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, hydrogen selenide, H2Se,
regarded as an acid analogous to sulphydric acid.

SELENIC
Se*len"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sélénique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to selenium; derived from, or containing,
selenium; specifically, designating those compounds in which the
element has a higher valence as contrasted with selenious compounds.

SELENIDE
Sel"e*nide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of selenium, or a compound regarded as
binary; as, ethyl selenide.

SELENIFEROUS
Sel`e*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Selenium + -ferous. ]

Defn: Containing, or impregnated with, selenium; as, seleniferous
pyrites.

SELENIO-
Se*le"ni*o- (. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting the presence
of selenium or its compounds; as, selenio-phosphate, a phosphate
having selenium in place of all, or a part, of the oxygen.

SELENIOUS
Se*le"ni*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sélénieux.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, selenium; specifically,
designating those compounds in which the element has a lower valence
as contrasted with selenic compounds.

SELENITE
Sel"e*nite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of selenious acid.

SELENITE
Sel"e*nite, n. Etym: [L. selenites, Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of gypsum, occuring in transparent crystals or
crystalline masses.

SELENITIC; SELENITICAL
Sel`e*nit"ic, Sel`e*nit"ic*al, a. (Min.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to selenite; resembling or containing
selenite.

SELENIUM
Se*le"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. tellurium (from L. tellus the
earth), being, as it were, a companion to it.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nonmetallic element of the sulphur group, and analogous to
sulphur in its compounds. It is found in small quantities with
sulphur and some sulphur ores, and obtained in the free state as a
dark reddish powder or crystalline mass, or as a dark metallic-
looking substance. It exhibits under the action of light a remarkable
variation in electric conductivity, and is used in certain electric
apparatus. Symbol Se. Atomic weight 78.9.

SELENIURET
Sel`e*ni"u*ret, n. (CHem.)

Defn: A selenide. [Obs.]

SELENIURETED
Sel`e*ni"u*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined with selenium as in a selenide; as, seleniureted
hydrogen. [Written also seleniuretted.] [Obsoles.]

SELENOCENTRIC
Se*le`no*cen"tric, a. Etym: [Gr. centric.] (Astron.)

Defn: As seen or estimated from the center of the moon; with the moon
central.

SELENOGRAPH
Se*le"no*graph

Defn: , n. A picture or delineation of the moon's surface, or of any
part of it.

SELENOGRAPHER
Sel`e*nog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One skilled in selenography. Wright.

SELENOGRAPHIC; SELENOGRAPHICAL
Sel`e*no*graph"ic, Sel`e*no*graph"i*cal, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
sélénographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to selenography.

SELENOGRAPHIST
Sel`e*nog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: A selenographer.

SELENOGRAPHY
Sel`e*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: The science that treats of the physical features of the moon; -
- corresponding to physical geography in respect to the earth.
"Accurate selenography, or description of the moon." Sir T. Browne.

SELENOLOGY
Sel`e*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.-logy.]

Defn: That branch of astronomy which treats of the moon.
 -- Sel`e*no*log"i*cal, a.

SELENONIUM
Sel`e*no"ni*um, n. Etym: [Selenium + sulphonium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical of selenium, analogous to sulphonium.
[R.]

SELF
Self, a. Etym: [AS. self, seolf, sylf; akin to OS. self, OFries.
self, D. zelf, G. selb, selber, selbst, Dan. selv. Sw. sjelf, Icel.
sjalfr, Goth. silba. Cf. Selavage.]

Defn: Same; particular; very; identical. [Obs., except in the
compound selfsame.] "On these self hills." Sir. W. Raleigh.
To shoot another arrow that self way Which you did shoot the first.
Shak.
At that self moment enters Palamon. Dryden.

SELF
Self, n.; pl. Selves (.

1. The individual as the object of his own reflective consciousness;
the man viewed by his own cognition as the subject of all his mental
phenomena, the agent in his own activities, the subject of his own
feelings, and the possessor of capacities and character; a person as
a distinct individual; a being regarded as having personality. "Those
who liked their real selves." Addison.
A man's self may be the worst fellow to converse with in the world.
Pope.
The self, the I, is recognized in every act of intelligence as the
subject to which that act belongs. It is I that perceive, I that
imagine, I that remember, I that attend, I that compare, I that feel,
I that will, I that am conscious. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. Hence, personal interest, or love of private interest;
selfishness; as, self is his whole aim.

3. Personification; embodiment. [Poetic.]
She was beauty's self. Thomson.

Note: Self is united to certain personal pronouns and pronominal
adjectives to express emphasis or distinction. Thus, for emphasis; I
myself will write; I will examine for myself; thou thyself shalt go;
thou shalt see for thyself; you yourself shall write; you shall see
for yourself; he himself shall write; he shall examine for himself;
she herself shall write; she shall examine for herself; the child
itself shall be carried; it shall be present itself. It is also used
reflexively; as, I abhor myself; thou enrichest thyself; he loves
himself; she admires herself; it pleases itself; we walue ourselves;
ye hurry yourselves; they see themselves. Himself, herself,
themselves, are used in the nominative case, as well as in the
objective. "Jesus himself baptized not, but his disciples." John iv.
2.

Note: Self is used in the formation of innumerable compounds, usually
of obvious signification, in most of which it denotes either the
agent or the object of the action expressed by the word with which it
is joined, or the person in behalf of whom it is performed, or the
person or thing to, for, or towards whom or which a quality,
attribute, or feeling expressed by the following word belongs, is
directed, or is exerted, or from which it proceeds; or it denotes the
subject of, or object affected by, such action, quality, attribute,
feeling, or the like; as, self-abandoning, self-abnegation, self-
abhorring, self-absorbed, self-accusing, self-adjusting, self-
balanced, self-boasting, self-canceled, self-combating, self-
commendation, self-condemned, self-conflict, self-conquest, self-
constituted, self-consumed, self-contempt, self-controlled, self-
deceiving, self-denying, self-destroyed, self-disclosure, self-
display, self-dominion, self-doomed, self-elected, self-evolved,
self-exalting, self-excusing, self-exile, self-fed, self-fulfillment,
self-governed, self-harming, self-helpless, self-humiliation, self-
idolized, self-inflicted, self-improvement, self-instruction, self-
invited, self-judging, self-justification, self-loathing, self-
loving, self-maintenance, self-mastered, self-nourishment, self-
perfect, self-perpetuation, self-pleasing, self-praising, self-
preserving, self-questioned, self-relying, self-restraining, self-
revelation, self-ruined, self-satisfaction, self-support, self-
sustained, self-sustaining, self-tormenting, self-troubling, self-
trust, self-tuition, self-upbraiding, self-valuing, self-worshiping,
and many others.

SELF-ABASED
Self`-a*based", a.

Defn: Humbled by consciousness of inferiority, unworthiness, guilt,
or shame.

SELF-ABASEMENT
Self`-a*base"ment, n.

1. Degradation of one's self by one's own act.

2. Humiliation or abasement proceeding from consciousness of
inferiority, guilt, or shame.

SELF-ABASING
Self`-a*bas"ing, a.

Defn: Lowering or humbling one's self.

SELF-ABHORRENCE
Self`-ab*hor"rence, n.

Defn: Abhorrence of one's self.

SELF-ABNEGATION
Self`-ab`ne*ga"tion, n.

Defn: Self-denial; self-renunciation; self-sacrifice.

SELF-ABUSE
Self`-abuse", n.

1. The abuse of one's own self, powers, or faculties.

2. Self-deception; delusion. [Obs.] Shak.

3. Masturbation; onanism; self-pollution.

SELF-ACCUSED
Self"-ac*cused", a.

Defn: Accused by one's self or by one's conscience. "Die self-
accused." Cowper.

SELF-ACTING
Self`-act"ing, a.

Defn: Acting of or by one's self or by itself; -- said especially of
a machine or mechanism which is made to perform of or for itself what
is usually done by human agency; automatic; as, a self-acting feed
apparatus; a self-acting mule; a self-acting press.

SELF-ACTION
Self`-ac"tion, n.

Defn: Action by, or originating in, one's self or itself.

SELF-ACTIVE
Self`-ac"tive, a.

Defn: Acting of one's self or of itself; acting without depending on
other agents.

SELF-ACTIVITY
Self`-ac*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being self-active; self-action.

SELF-ADJUSTING
Self`-ad*just"ing, a. (Mach.)

Defn: Capable of assuming a desired position or condition with
relation to other parts, under varying circumstances, without
requiring to be adjusted by hand; -- said of a piece in machinery.
Self-adjusting bearing (Shafting), a bearing which is supported in
such a manner that it may tip to accomodate flexure or displacement
of the shaft.

SELF-ADMIRATION
Self`-ad`mi*ra"tion, n.

Defn: Admiration of one's self.

SELF-AFFAIRS
Self`-af*fairs", n. pl.

Defn: One's own affairs; one's private business. [Obs.] Shak.

SELF-AFFRIGHTED
Self`-af*fright"ed, a.

Defn: Frightened at or by one's self. Shak.

SELF-AGGRANDIZEMENT
Self`-ag*gran"dize*ment, n.

Defn: The aggrandizement of one's self.

SELF-ANNIHILATED
Self`-an*ni"hi*la`ted, a.

Defn: Annihilated by one's self.

SELF-ANNIHILATION
Self`-an*ni`hi*la"tion, n.

Defn: Annihilation by one's own acts; annihilation of one's desires.
Addison.

SELF-APPLAUSE
Self`-ap*plause", n.

Defn: Applause of one's self.

SELF-APPLYING
Self`-ap*ply"ing, a.

Defn: Applying to or by one's self.

SELF-APPROVING
Self`-ap*prov"ing, a.

Defn: Approving one's own action or character by one's own judgment.
One self-approving hour whole years outweighs Of stupid starers and
of loud huzzas. Pope.

SELF-ASSERTING
Self`-as*sert"ing, a.

Defn: asserting one's self, or one's own rights or claims; hence,
putting one's self forward in a confident or assuming manner.

SELF-ASSERTION
Self`-as*ser"tion, n.

Defn: The act of asserting one's self, or one's own rights or claims;
the quality of being self-asserting.

SELF-ASSERTIVE
Self`-as*sert"ive, a.

Defn: Disposed to self-assertion; self-asserting.

SELF-ASSUMED
Self`-as*sumed`, a.

Defn: Assumed by one's own act, or without authority.

SELF-ASSURED
Self`-as*sured`, a.

Defn: Assured by or of one's self; self-reliant; complacent.

SELF-BANISHED
Self`-ban"ished, a.

Defn: Exiled voluntarily.

SELF-BEGOTTEN
Self"-be*got"ten, a.

Defn: Begotten by one's self, or one's own powers.

SELF-BINDER
Self`-bind"er, n.

Defn: A reaping machine containing mechanism for binding the grain
into sheaves.

SELF-BORN
Self"-born`, a.

Defn: Born or produced by one's self.

SELF-CENTERED; SELF-CENTRED
Self`-cen"tered, Self`-cen"tred, a.

Defn: Centered in itself, or in one's self.
There hangs the ball of earth and water mixt, Self-centered and
unmoved. Dryden.

SELF-CENTERING; SELF-CENTRING
Self`-cen"ter*ing, Self`-cen"tring a.

Defn: Centering in one's self.

SELF-CENTRATION
Self`-cen*tra"tion, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being self-centered.

SELF-CHARITY
Self`-char"i*ty, n.

Defn: Self-love. [Obs.] Shak.

SELF-COLOR
Self"-col`or, n.

Defn: A color not mixed or variegated.

SELF-COLORED
Self`-col"ored, a.

Defn: Being of a single color; -- applied to flowers, animals, and
textile fabrics.

SELF-COMMAND
Self`-com*mand", n.

Defn: Control over one's own feelings, temper, etc.; self-control.

SELF-COMMUNE
Self`-com*mune", n.

Defn: Self-communion. [R.]

SELF-COMMUNICATIVE
Self`-com*mu"ni*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Imparting or communicating by its own powers.

SELF-COMMUNION
Self`-com*mun"ion, n.

Defn: Communion with one's self; thoughts about one's self.

SELF-COMPLACENCY
Self`-com*pla"cen*cy, n.

Defn: The quality of being self-complacent. J. Foster.

SELF-COMPLACENT
Self`-com*pla"cent, a.

Defn: Satisfied with one's own character, capacity, and doings; self-
satisfied.

SELF-CONCEIT
Self`-con*ceit", n.

Defn: Conceit of one's self; an overweening opinion of one's powers
or endowments.

Syn.
 -- See Egotism.

SELF-CONCEITED
Self`-con*ceit"ed, a.

Defn: Having an overweening opinion of one's own powers, attainments;
vain; conceited.
 -- Self`-con*ceit"ed*ness, n.

SELF-CONCERN
Self`-con*cern", n.

Defn: Concern for one's self.

SELF-CONDEMNATION
Self`-con`dem*na"tion, n.

Defn: Condemnation of one's self by one's own judgment.

SELF-CONFIDENCE
Self`-con"fi*dence, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being self-confident; self-reliance.
A feeling of self-confidence which supported and sustained him.
Beaconsfield.

SELF-CONFIDENT
Self`-con"fi*dent, a.

Defn: Confident of one's own strength or powers; relying on one's
judgment or ability; self-reliant.
 -- Self`-con"fi*dent*ly, adv.

SELF-CONJUGATE
Self`-con"ju*gate, a. (Geom.)

Defn: Having the two things that are conjugate parts of the same
figure; as, self-conjugate triangles.

SELF-CONSCIOUS
Self`-con"scious, a.

1. Conscious of one's acts or state as belonging to, or originating
in, one's self. "My self-conscious worth." Dryden.

2. Conscious of one's self as an object of the observation of others;
as, the speaker was too self-conscious.

SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS
Self`-con"scious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being self-conscious.

SELF-CONSIDERING
Self`-con*sid"er*ing, a.

Defn: Considering in one's own mind; deliberating. Pope.

SELF-CONSISTENCY
Self`-con*sist"en*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being self-consistent.

SELF-CONSISTENT
Self`-con*sist"ent, a.

Defn: Consistent with one's self or with itself; not deviation from
the ordinary standard by which the conduct is guided; logically
consistent throughout; having each part consistent with the rest.

SELF-CONSUMING
Self`-con*sum"ing, a.

Defn: Consuming one's self or itself.

SELF-CONTAINED
Self`-con*tained", a.

1. Having self-control; reserved; uncommunicative; wholly engrossed
in one's self.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: Having all the essential working parts connected by a bedplate
or framework, or contained in a case, etc., so that mutual relations
of the parts do not depend upon fastening outside of the machine
itself. Self-contained steam engine. (a) A steam engine having both
bearings for the crank shaft attached to the frame of the engine. (b)
A steam engine and boiler combined and fastened together; a portable
steam engine.

SELF-CONTRADICTION
Self`-con`tra*dic"tion, n.

Defn: The act of contradicting one's self or itself; repugnancy in
conceptions or in terms; a proposition consisting of two members, one
of which contradicts the other; as, to be and not to be at the same
time is a self-contradiction.

SELF-CONTRADICTORY
Self`-con`tra*dict"o*ry, a.

Defn: Contradicting one's self or itself.

SELF-CONTROL
Self`-con*trol", n.

Defn: Control of one's self; restraint exercised over one's self;
self-command.

SELF-CONVICTED
Self`-con*vict"ed, a.

Defn: Convicted by one's own consciousness, knowledge, avowal, or
acts.

SELF-CONVICTION
Self`-con*vic"tion, n.

Defn: The act of convicting one's self, or the state of being self-
convicted.

SELF-CREATED
Self`-cre*at"ed, a.

Defn: Created by one's self; not formed or constituted by another.

SELF-CULTURE
Self`-cul"ture, n.

Defn: Culture, training, or education of one's self by one's own
efforts.

SELF-DECEIT
Self`-de*ceit", n.

Defn: The act of deceiving one's self, or the state of being self-
deceived; self-deception.

SELF-DECEIVED
Self`-de*ceived", a.

Defn: Deceived or misled respecting one's self by one's own mistake
or error.

SELF-DECEPTION
Self`-de*cep"tion, n.

Defn: Self-deceit.

SELF-DEFENCE
Self`-de*fence", n.

Defn: See Self-defense.

SELF-DEFENSE
Self`-de*fense", n.

Defn: The act of defending one's own person, property, or reputation.
In self-defense (Law), in protection of self, -- it being permitted
in law to a party on whom a grave wrong is attempted to resist the
wrong, even at the peril of the life of the assailiant. Wharton.

SELF-DEFENSIVE
Self`-de*fen"sive, a.

Defn: Defending, or tending to defend, one's own person, property, or
reputation.

SELF-DEGRADATION
Self`-deg`ra*da"tion, n.

Defn: The act of degrading one's self, or the state of being so
degraded.

SELF-DELATION
Self`-de*la"tion, n.

Defn: Accusation of one's self. [R.] Milman.

SELF-DELUSION
Self`-de*lu"sion, n.

Defn: The act of deluding one's self, or the state of being thus
deluded.

SELF-DENIAL
Self`-de*ni"al, n.

Defn: The denial of one's self; forbearing to gratify one's own
desires; self-sacrifice.

SELF-DENYING
Self`-de*ny"ing, a.

Defn: Refusing to gratify one's self; self-sacrificing.
 -- Self`-de*ny"ing*ly, adv.

SELF-DEPENDENT
Self`-de*pend"ent, a.

Defn: Dependent on one's self; self-depending; self-reliant.

SELF-DEPENDING
Self`-de*pend"ing, a.

Defn: Depending on one's self.

SELF-DEPRAVED
Self`-de*praved", a.

Defn: Corrupted or depraved by one's self. Milton.

SELF-DESTROYER
Self`-de*stroy"er, n.

Defn: One who destroys himself; a suicide.

SELF-DESTRUCTION
Self`-de*struc"tion, n.

Defn: The destruction of one's self; self-murder; suicide. Milton.

SELF-DESTRUCTIVE
Self`-de*struc"tive, a.

Defn: Destroying, or tending to destroy, one's self or itself;
rucidal.

SELF-DETERMINATION
Self`-de*ter`mi*na"tion, n.

Defn: Determination by one's self; or, determination of one's acts or
states without the necessitating force of motives; -- applied to the
voluntary or activity.

SELF-DETERMINING
Self`-de*ter"min*ing, a.

Defn: Capable of self-determination; as, the self-determining power
of will.

SELF-DEVISED
Self`-de*vised", a.

Defn: Devised by one's self.

SELF-DEVOTED
Self`-de*vot"ed, a.

Defn: Devoted in person, or by one's own will. Hawthorne.

SELF-DEVOTEMENT
Self`-de*vote"ment, n.

Defn: Self-devotion. [R.]

SELF-DEVOTION
Self`-de*vo"tion, n.

Defn: The act of devoting one's self, or the state of being self-
devoted; willingness to sacrifice one's own advantage or happiness
for the sake of others; self-sacrifice.

SELF-DEVOURING
Self`-de*vour"ing, a.

Defn: Devouring one's self or itself. Danham.

SELF-DIFFUSIVE
Self`-dif*fu"sive, a.

Defn: Having power to diffuse itself; diffusing itself. Norris.

SELF-DISCIPLINE
Self`-dis"ci*pline, n.

Defn: Correction or government of one's self for the sake of
improvement.

SELF-DISTRUST
Self`-dis*trust", n.

Defn: Want of confidence in one' self; diffidence.

SELF-EDUCATED
Self`-ed"u*ca`ted, a.

Defn: Educated by one's own efforts, without instruction, or without
pecuniary assistance from others.

SELF-ELECTIVE
Self`-e*lect"ive, a.

Defn: Having the right of electing one's self, or, as a body, of
electing its own members.

SELF-ENJOYMENT
Self`-en*joy"ment, n.

Defn: Enjoyment of one's self; self-satisfaction.

SELF-ESTEEM
Self`-es*teem", n.

Defn: The holding a good opinion of one's self; self-complacency.

SELF-ESTIMATION
Self`-es`ti*ma"tion, n.

Defn: The act of estimating one's self; self-esteem.

SELF-EVIDENCE
Self`-ev"i*dence, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being self-evident. Locke.

SELF-EVIDENT
Self`-ev"i*dent, a.

Defn: Evident without proof or reasoning; producing certainty or
conviction upon a bare presentation to the mind; as, a self-evident
proposition or truth.
 -- Self`-ev"i*dent*ly, adv.

SELF-EVOLUTION
Self`-ev`o*lu"tion, n.

Defn: Evolution of one's self; development by inherent quality or
power.

SELF-EXALTATION
Self`-ex`al*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of exalting one's self, or the state of being so
exalted.

SELF-EXAMINANT
Self`-ex*am"i*nant, n.

Defn: One who examines himself; one given to self-examination.
The humiliated self-examinant feels that there is evil in our nature
as well as good. Coleridge.

SELF-EXAMINATION
Self`-ex*am`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: An examination into one's own state, conduct, and motives,
particularly in regard to religious feelings and duties.

SELF-EXCITE
Self`-ex*cite", v. t. (Elec.)

Defn: To energize or excite (the field magnets of a dynamo) by
induction from the residual magnetism of its cores, leading all or a
part of the current thus produced through the field-magnet coils.

SELF-EXISTENCE
Self`-ex*ist"ence, n.

Defn: Inherent existence; existence possessed by virtue of a being's
own nature, and independent of any other being or cause; -- an
attribute peculiar to God. Blackmore.

SELF-EXISTENT
Self`-ex*ist"ent, a.

Defn: Existing of or by himself,independent of any other being or
cause; -- as, God is the only self-existent being.

SELF-EXPLAINING
self`-ex*plain"ing, a.

Defn: Explaining itself; capable of being understood without
explanation.

SELF-EXPOSURE
Self`-ex*po"sure, n.

Defn: The act of exposing one's self; the state of being so exposed.

SELF-FERTILIZATION
Self`-fer`ti*li*za"tion, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The fertilization of a flower by pollen from the same flower
and without outer aid; autogamy.

SELF-FERTILIZED
Self`-fer"ti*lized, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Fertilized by pollen from the same flower.

SELF-GLORIOUS
Self`-glo"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Springing from vainglory or vanity; vain; boastful. Dryden.

SELF-GOVERNMENT
Self`-gov"ern*ment, n.

1. The act of governing one's self, or the state of being governed by
one's self; self-control; self-command.

2. Hence, government of a community, state, or nation by the joint
action of the mass of people constituting such a civil body; also,
the state of being so governed; democratic government; democracy.
It is to self-government, the great principle of popular
representation and administration, -- the system that lets in all to
participate in the councels that are to assign the good or evil to
all, -- that we may owe what we are and what we hope to be. D.
Webster.

SELF-GRATULATION
Self`-grat`u*la"tion, n.

Defn: Gratulation of one's self.

SELF-HARDENING
Self`-hard"en*ing, a. (Metal.)

Defn: Designating, or pert. to, any of various steels that harden
when heated to above a red heat and cooled in air, usually in a blast
of cold air with moderate rapidity, without quenching. Such steels
are alloys of iron and carbon with manganese, tungsten and manganese,
chromium, molybdenum and manganese, etc. They are chiefly used as
high-speed steels. -- Self`-hard"en*ed, a.

SELF-HEAL
Self`-heal", n. (Bot.)

Defn: A blue-flowered labiate plant (Brunella vulgaris); the healall.

SELF-HEALING
Self`-heal"ing, a.

Defn: Having the power or property of healing itself.

SELF-HELP
Self`-help", n.

Defn: The act of aiding one's self, without depending on the aid of
others.

SELF-HOMICIDE
Self`-hom"i*cide, n.

Defn: The act of killing one's self; suicide. Hakewill.

SELFHOOD
Self"hood, n.

Defn: Existence as a separate self, or independent person; conscious
personality; individuality. Bib. Sacra.

SELF-IGNORANCE
Self`-ig"no*rance, n.

Defn: Ignorance of one's own character, powers, and limitations.

SELF-IGNORANT
Self`-ig"no*rant, a.

Defn: Ignorant of one's self.

SELF-IMPARTING
Self`-im*part"ing, a.

Defn: Imparting by one's own, or by its own, powers and will. Norris.

SELF-IMPORTANCE
Self`-im*por"tance, n.

Defn: An exaggerated estimate of one's own importance or merit, esp.
as manifested by the conduct or manners; self-conceit.

SELF-IMPORTANT
Self`-im*por"tant, a.

Defn: Having or manifesting an exaggerated idea of one's own
importance or merit.

SELF-IMPOSED
Self`-im*posed", a.

Defn: Voluntarily taken on one's self; as, self-imposed tasks.

SELF-IMPOSTURE
Self`-im*pos"ture, n.

Defn: Imposture practiced on one's self; self-deceit. South.

SELF-INDIGNATION
Self`-in`dig*na"tion, n.

Defn: Indignation at one's own character or actions. Baxter.

SELF-INDUCTION
Self`-in*duc"tion, n. (Elec.)

Defn: Induction in a circuit due to the action of one portion of a
current upon an adjacent portion during periods of varying current
strength. The nature of the induction is such as to oppose the action
which produces it.

SELF-INDULGENCE
Self`-in*dul"gence, n.

Defn: Indulgence of one's appetites, desires, or inclinations; -- the
opposite of self-restraint, and self-denial.

SELF-INDULGENT
Self`-in*dul"gent, a.

Defn: Indulging one's appetites, desires, etc., freely.

SELF-INTEREST
Self`-in"ter*est, n.

Defn: Private interest; the interest or advantage of one's self.

SELF-INTERESTED
Self`-in"ter*est*ed, a.

Defn: Particularly concerned for one's own interest or happiness.

SELF-INVOLUTION
Self`-in`vo*lu"tion, n.

Defn: Involution in one's self; hence, abstraction of thought;
reverie.

SELFISH
Self"ish, a.

1. Caring supremely or unduly for one's self; regarding one's own
comfort, advantage, etc., in disregard, or at the expense, of those
of others.
They judge of things according to their own private appetites and
selfish passions. Cudworth.
In that throng of selfish hearts untrue. Keble.

2. (Ethics)

Defn: Believing or teaching that the chief motives of human action
are derived from love of self.
Hobbes and the selfish school of philosophers. Fleming.

SELFISHLY
Self"ish*ly, adv.

Defn: In a selfish manner; with regard to private interest only or
chiefly.

SELFISHNESS
Self"ish*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being selfish; exclusive regard to
one's own interest or happiness; that supreme self-love or self-
preference which leads a person to direct his purposes to the
advancement of his own interest, power, or happiness, without
regarding those of others.
Selfishness,- a vice utterly at variance with the happiness of him
who harbors it, and, as such, condemned by self-love. Sir J.
Mackintosh.

Syn.
 -- See Self-love.

SELFISM
Self"ism, n.

Defn: Concentration of one's interests on one's self; self-love;
selfishness. Emerson.

SELFIST
Self"ist, n.

Defn: A selfish person. [R.] I. Taylor.

SELF-JUSTIFIER
Self`-jus"ti*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who excuses or justifies himself. J. M. Mason.

SELF-KINDLED
Self`-kin"dled, a.

Defn: Kindled of itself, or without extraneous aid or power. Dryden.

SELF-KNOWING
Self`-know"ing, a.

1. Knowing one's self, or one's own character, powers, and
limitations.

2. Knowing of itself, without help from another.

SELF-KNOWLEDGE
Self`-knowl"edge, n.

Defn: Knowledge of one's self, or of one's own character, powers,
limitations, etc.

SELFLESS
Self"less, a.

Defn: Having no regard to self; unselfish.
Lo now, what hearts have men! they never mount As high as woman in
her selfless mood. Tennyson.

SELFLESSNESS
Self"less*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being selfless.

SELF-LIFE
Self"-life`, n.

Defn: Life for one's self; living solely or chiefly for one's own
pleasure or good.

SELF-LOVE
Self`-love`, n.

Defn: The love of one's self; desire of personal happiness; tendency
to seek one's own benefit or advantage. Shak.
Self-love, the spring of motion, acts the soul. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Selfishness.
 -- Self-love, Selfishness. The term self-love is used in a twofold
sense: 1. It denotes that longing for good or for well-being which
actuates the breasts of all, entering into and characterizing every
special desire. In this sense it has no moral quality, being, from
the nature of the case, neither good nor evil. 2. It is applied to a
voluntary regard for the gratification of special desires. In this
sense it is morally good or bad according as these desires are
conformed to duty or opposed to it. Selfishness is always voluntary
and always wrong, being that regard to our own interests,
gratification, etc., which is sought or indulged at the expense, and
to the injury, of others. "So long as self-love does not degenerate
into selfishness, it is quite compatible with true benevolence."
Fleming. "Not only is the phrase self-love used as synonymous with
the desire of happiness, but it is often confounded with the word
selfishness, which certainly, in strict propriety, denotes a very
different disposition of mind." Slewart.

SELF-LUMINOUS
Self`-lu"mi*nous, a.

Defn: Possessing in itself the property of emitting light. Sir D.
Brewster.

SELF-MADE
Self"-made`, a.

Defn: Made by one's self. Self-made man, a man who has risen from
poverty or obscurity by means of his own talentss or energies.

SELF-METTLE
Self"-met`tle, n

Defn: Inborn mettle or courage; one's own temper. [Obs.] Shak.

SELF-MOTION
Self`-mo"tion, n.

Defn: Motion given by inherent power, without external impulse;
spontaneus or voluntary motion.
Matter is not induced with self-motion. Cheyne.

SELF-MOVED
Self`-moved", a.

Defn: Moved by inherent power., without the aid of external impulse.

SELF-MOVING
Self`-mov"ing, a.

Defn: Moving by inherent power, without the aid of external impulse.

SELF-MURDER
Self`-mur"der, a.

Defn: Suicide.

SELF-MURDERER
Self`-mur"der*er, n.

Defn: A suicide.

SELF-NEGLECTING
Self`-neg*lect"ing, n.

Defn: A neglecting of one's self, or of one's own interests.
Self-love, my liege, is not so vile a sin As self-neglecting. Shak.

SELFNESS
Self"ness, n.

Defn: Selfishness. [Obs.] Sir. P. Sidney.

SELF-ONE
Self`-one", a.

Defn: Secret. [Obs.] Marston.

SELF-OPINION
Self`-o*pin"ion, n.

Defn: Opinion, especially high opinion, of one's self; an overweening
estimate of one's self or of one's own opinion. Collier.

SELF-OPINIONED
Self`-o*pin"ioned, a.

Defn: Having a high opinion of one's self; opinionated; conceited.
South.

SELF-ORIGINATING
Self`-o*rig"i*na`ting, a.

Defn: Beginning wwith, or springing from, one's self.

SELF-PARTIALITY
Self`-par`ti*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: That partiality to himself by which a man overrates his own
worth when compared with others. Kames.

SELF-PERPLEXED
Self`-per*plexed", a.

Defn: Perplexed by doubts originating in one's own mind.

SELF-POSITED
Self`-pos"it*ed, a.

Defn: Disposed or arranged by an action originating in one's self or
in itself.
These molecular blocks of salt are self-posited. Tyndall.

SELF-POSITING
Self`-pos"it*ing, a.

Defn: The act of disposing or arranging one's self or itself.
The self-positing of the molecules. R. Watts.

SELF-POSSESSED
Self"-pos*sessed", a.

Defn: Composed or tranquill in mind, manner, etc.; undisturbed.

SELF-POSSESSION
Self`-pos*ses"sion, n.

Defn: The possession of one's powers; calmness; self-command;
presence of mind; composure.

SELF-PRAISE
Self"-praise`, n.

Defn: Praise of one's self.

SELF-PRESERVATION
Self`-pres`er*va"tion, n.

Defn: The preservation of one's self from destruction or injury.

SELF-PROPAGATING
Self`-prop"a*ga`ting, a.

Defn: Propagating by one's self or by itself.

SELF-REGISTERING
Self`-reg"is*ter*ing, a.

Defn: Registering itself; -- said of any instrument so contrived as
to record its own indications of phenomena, whether continuously or
at stated times, as at the maxima and minima of variations; as, a
self-registering anemometer or barometer.

SELF-REGULATED
Self`-reg"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: Regulated by one's self or by itself.

SELF-REGULATIVE
Self`-reg"u*la*tive, a.

Defn: Tending or serving to regulate one's self or itself. Whewell.

SELF-RELIANCE
Self`-re*li"ance, n.

Defn: Reliance on one's own powers or judgment; self-trust.

SELF-RELIANT
Self`-re*li"ant, a.

Defn: Reliant upon one's self; trusting to one's own powers or
judgment.

SELF-RENUNCIATION
Self`-re*nun`ci*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of renouncing, or setting aside, one's own wishes,
claims, etc.; self-sacrifice.

SELF-REPELLENCY
Self`-re*pel"len*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being self-repelling.

SELF-REPELLING
Self`-re*pel"ling, ( a.

Defn: Made up of parts, as molecules or atoms, which mutually repel
each other; as, gases are self-repelling.

SELF-REPETITION
Self`-rep`e*ti"tion, n.

Defn: Repetition of one's self or of one's acts; the saying or doing
what one has already said or done.

SELF-REPROACH
Self`-re*proach", n.

Defn: The act of reproaching one's self; censure by one's own
conscience.

SELF-REPROACHED
Self`-re*proached", a.

Defn: Reproached by one's own conscience or judgment.

SELF-REPROACHING
Self`-re*proach"ing, a.

Defn: Reproaching one's self.
 -- Self`-re*proach"ing*ly, adv.

SELF-REPROOF
Self`-re*proof", n.

Defn: The act of reproving one's self; censure of one's conduct by
one's own judgment.

SELF-REPROVED
Self`-re*proved", a.

Defn: Reproved by one's own conscience or one's own sense of guilt.

SELF-REPROVING
Self`-re*prov"ing, a.

Defn: Reproving one's self; reproving by consciousness of guilt.

SELF-REPROVINGLY
Self`-re*prov"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a self-reproving way.

SELF-REPUGNANT
Self`-re*pug"nant, a.

Defn: Self-contradictory; inconsistent. Brougham.

SELF-REPULSIVE
Self`-re*pul"sive, a.

Defn: Self-repelling.

SELF-RESPECT
Self`-re*spect", n.

Defn: Respect for one's self; regard for one's character; laudable
self-esteem.

SELF-RESTRAINED
Self`-re*strained", a.

Defn: Restrained by one's self or itself; restrained by one's own
power or will.

SELF-RESTRAINT
Self`-re*straint", n.

Defn: Restraint over one's self; self-control; self-command.

SELF-REVERENCE
Self`-rev"er*ence, n.

Defn: A reverent respect for one's self. Tennyson.

SELF-RIGHTEOUS
Self`-right"eous, a.

Defn: Righteous in one's own esteem; pharisaic.

SELF-RIGHTEOUSNESS
Self`-right"eous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being self-righteous; pharisaism.

SELF-SACRIFICE
Self`-sac"ri*fice, n.

Defn: The act of sacrificing one's self, or one's interest, for
others; self-devotion.

SELF-SACRIFICING
Self`-sac"ri*fi`cing, a.

Defn: Yielding up one's own interest, ffeelings, etc; sacrificing
one's self.

SELFSAME
Self"same, a. Etym: [Self, a. + same.]

Defn: Precisely the same; the very same; identical.
His servant was healed in the selfsame hour. Matt. viii. 13.

SELF-SATISFACTION
Self`-sat`is*fac"tion, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being self-satisfied.

SELF-SATISFIED
Self`-sat"is*fied, a.

Defn: Satisfied with one's self or one's actions; self-complacent.

SELF-SATISFYING
Self`-sat"is*fy`ing, a.

Defn: Giving satisfaction to one's self.

SELF-SEEKER
Self"-seek`er, n.

Defn: One who seeks only his own interest, advantage, or pleasure.

SELF-SEEKING
Self"-seek`ing, a.

Defn: Seeking one's own interest or happiness; selfish. Arbuthnot.

SELF-SEEKING
Self"-seek`ing, n.

Defn: The act or habit of seeking one's own interest or happiness;
selfishness.

SELF-SLAUGHTER
Self`-slaugh"ter, n.

Defn: Suicide. Shak.

SELF-STARTER
Self`-start"er, n.

Defn: A mechanism (usually one operated by electricity, compressed
air, a spring, or an explosive gas), attached to an internal-
combustion engine, as on an automobile, and used as a means of
starting the engine without cranking it by hand.

SELF-SUFFICIENCY
Self`-suf*fi"cien*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being self-sufficient.

SELF-SUFFICIENT
Self`-suf*fi"cient, a.

1. Sufficient for one's self without external aid or coöperation.
Neglect of friends can never be proved rational till we prove the
person using it omnipotent and self-sufficient, and such as can never
need any mortal assistance. South.

2. Having an overweening confidence in one's own abilities or worth;
hence, haughty; overbearing. "A rash and self-sufficient manner." I.
Watts.

SELF-SUFFICING
Self`-suf*fi"cing, a.

Defn: Sufficing for one's self or for itself, without needing
external aid; self-sufficient.
 -- Self`-suf*fi"cing*ness, n. J. C. Shairp.

SELF-SUSPENDED
Self`-sus*pend"ed, a.

Defn: Suspended by one's self or by itself; balanced. Southey.

SELF-SUSPICIOUS
Self`-sus*pi"cious, a.

Defn: Suspicious or distrustful of one's self. Baxter.

SELF-TAUGHT
Self"-taught`, a.

Defn: Taught by one's own efforts.

SELF-TORMENTOR
Self`-tor*ment"or, n.

Defn: One who torments himself.

SELF-TORTURE
Self`-tor"ture, n.

Defn: The act of inflicting pain on one's self; pain inflicted on
one's self.

SELF-TRUST
Self"-trust`, n.

Defn: Faith in one's self; self-reliance.

SELF-UNED
Self`-uned", a. Etym: [E. self + L. unus one.]

Defn: One with itself; separate from others. [Obs.] Sylvester.

SELF-VIEW
Self"-view`, n.

Defn: A view if one's self; specifically, carefulness or regard for
one's own interests

SELF-WILL
Self`-will", n. Etym: [AS. selfwill.]

Defn: One's own will, esp. when opposed to that of others; obstinacy.

SELF-WILLED
Self`-willed", a.

Defn: Governed by one's own will; not yielding to the wishes of
others; obstinate.

SELF-WILLEDNESS
Self`-willed"ness, n.

Defn: Obstinacy. Sir W. Scott.

SELF-WORSHIP
Self"-wor`ship, n.

Defn: The idolizing of one's self; immoderate self-conceit.

SELF-WRONG
Self"-wrong`, n.

Defn: Wrong done by a person himself. Shak.

SELION
Sel"ion, n. Etym: [OF. seillon a measure of land, F. sillon a ridge,
furrow, LL. selio a measure of land.]

Defn: A short piece of land in arable ridges and furrows, of
uncertain quantity; also, a ridge of land lying between two furrows.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SELJUKIAN
Sel*juk"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Seljuk, a Tartar chief who embraced
Mohammedanism, and began the subjection of Western Asia to that faith
and rule; of or pertaining to the dynasty founded by him, or the
empire maintained by his descendants from the 10th to the 13th
century. J. H. Newman.

SELJUKIAN; SELJUCKIAN
Sel*juk"i*an, Sel*juck"i*an, n.

Defn: A member of the family of Seljuk; an adherent of that family,
or subject of its government; (pl.) the dynasty of Turkish sultans
sprung from Seljuk.

SELL
Sell, n.

Defn: Self. [Obs. or Scot.] B. Jonson.

SELL
Sell, n.

Defn: A sill. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SELL
Sell, n.

Defn: A cell; a house. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SELL
Sell, n. Etym: [F. selle, L. sella, akin to sedere to sit. See Sit.]

1. A saddle for a horse. [Obs.]
He left his lofty steed with golden self. Spenser.

2. A throne or lofty seat. [Obs.] Fairfax.

SELL
Sell, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sold; p. pr. & vb. n. Selling.] Etym: [OE.
sellen, sillen, AS. sellan, syllan, to give, to deliver; akin to OS.
sellian, OFries. sella, OHG. sellen, Icel. selja to hand over, to
sell, Sw. sälja to sell, Dan. s, Goth. saljan to offer a sacrifice;
all from a noun akin to E. sale. Cf. Sale.]

1. To transfer to another for an equivalent; to give up for a
valuable consideration; to dispose of in return for something,
especially for money.
If thou wilt be perfect, go and sell that thou hast, and give to the
poor. Matt. xix. 21.
I am changed; I'll go sell all my land. Shak.

Note: Sell is corellative to buy, as one party buys what the other
sells. It is distinguished usually from exchange or barter, in which
one commodity is given for another; whereas in selling the
consideration is usually money, or its representative in current
notes.

2. To make a matter of bargain and sale of; to accept a price or
reward for, as for a breach of duty, trust, or the like; to betray.
You would have sold your king to slaughter. Shak.

3. To impose upon; to trick; to deceive; to make a fool of; to cheat.
[Slang] Dickens. To sell one's life dearly, to cause much loss to
those who take one's life, as by killing a number of one's
assailants.
 -- To sell (anything) out, to dispose of it wholly or entirely; as,
he had sold out his corn, or his interest in a business.

SELL
Sell, v. i.

1. To practice selling commodities.
I will buy with you, sell with you; . . . but I will not eat with
you. Shak.

2. To be sold; as, corn sells at a good price. To sell out, to sell
one's whole stockk in trade or one's entire interest in a property or
a business.

SELL
Sell, n.

Defn: An imposition; a cheat; a hoax. [Colloq.]

SELLANDERS; SELLENDERS
Sel"lan*ders, Sel"len*ders, n. pl. (Far.)

Defn: See Sallenders.

SELLER
Sell"er, n.

Defn: One who sells. Chaucer.

SELTERS WATER
Sel"ters wa"ter.

Defn: A mineral water from Sellers, in the district of Nassan,
Germany, containing much free carbonic acid.

SELTZER WATER
Selt"zer wa"ter.

Defn: See Selters water.

SELTZO-GENE
Selt"zo-gene, n. Etym: [Seltzer water + the root of Gr.

Defn: A gazogene.

SELVAGE; SELVEDGE
Sel"vage, Sel"vedge, n. Etym: [Self + edge, i. e., its own proper
edge; cf. OD. selfegge.]

1. The edge of cloth which is woven in such a manner as to prevent
raveling.

2. The edge plate of a lock, through which the bolt passes. Knight.

3. (Mining.)

Defn: A layer of clay or decomposed rock along the wall of a vein.
See Gouge, n., 4. Raymond.

SELVAGED; SELVEDGED
Sel"vaged, Sel"vedged, a.

Defn: Having a selvage.

SELVAGEE
Sel`va*gee", n. (Naut.)

Defn: A skein or hank of rope yarns wound round with yarns or
marline, -- used for stoppers, straps, etc.

SELVE
Selve, a.

Defn: Self; same. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SELVES
Selves, n.,

Defn: pl. of Self.

SELY
Se"ly, a.

Defn: Silly. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wyclif.

SEMAEOSTOMATA
Se*mæ`o*stom"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Discophora having large free mouth lobes. It
includes Aurelia, and Pelagia. Called also Semeostoma. See Illustr.
under Discophora, and Medusa.

SEMAPHORE
Sem"a*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. sémaphore.]

Defn: A signal telegraph; an apparatus for giving signals by the
disposition of lanterns, flags, oscillating arms, etc.

SEMAPHORIC; SEMAPHORICAL
Sem`a*phor"ic, Sem`a*phor"ic*al a. Etym: [Cf. F. sémaphorique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a semaphore, or semaphores; telegraphic.

SEMAPHORICALLY
Sem`a*phor"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By means a semaphore.

SEMAPHORIST
Se*maph"o*rist, n.

Defn: One who manages or operates a semaphore.

SEMASIOLOGY
Se*ma`si*ol"o*gy, n. [Gr.  signification + -logy.] (Philol.)

Defn: The science of meanings or sense development (of words); the
explanation of the development and changes of the meanings of words.
--Se*ma`si*o*log"ic*al (#), a.

SEMATIC
Se*mat"ic, a. [Gr. , , sign, token.]

Defn: Significant; ominous; serving as a warning of danger; --applied
esp. to the warning colors or forms of certain animals.

SEMATOLOGY
Sem`a*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The doctrine of signs as the expression of thought or
reasoning; the science of indicating thought by signs. Smart.

SEMATROPE
Sem"a*trope, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An instrument for signaling by reflecting the rays of the sun
in different directions. Knight.

SEMBLABLE
Sem"bla*ble, a. Etym: [F., from sembler to seem, resemble, L.
similare, simulare. See Simulate.]

Defn: Like; similar; resembling. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SEMBLABLE
Sem"bla*ble, n.

Defn: Likeness; representation. [Obs.]

SEMBLABLY
Sem"bla*bly, adv.

Defn: In like manner. [Obs.] Shak.

SEMBLANCE
Sem"blance, n. Etym: [F. See Semblable, a.]

1. Seeming; appearance; show; figure; form.
Thier semblance kind, and mild their gestures were. Fairfax.

2. Likeness; resemblance, actual or apparent; similitude; as, the
semblance of worth; semblance of virtue.
Only semblances or imitations of shells. Woodward.

SEMBLANT
Sem"blant, a. Etym: [F. semblant, p. pr.]

1. Like; resembling. [Obs.] Prior.

2. Seeming, rather than real; apparent. [R.] Carlyle.

SEMBLANT
Sem"blant, n. Etym: [F.]

1. Show; appearance; figure; semblance. [Obs.] Spenser.
His flatterers made semblant of weeping. Chaucer.

2. The face. [Obs.] Wyclif (Luke xxiv. 5).

SEMBLATIVE
Sem"bla*tive, a.

Defn: Resembling. [Obs.]
And all is semblative a woman's part. Shak.

SEMBLE
Sem"ble, v. i. Etym: [F. sembler. See Semblable, a.]

1. To imitate; to make a representation or likeness. [Obs.]
Where sembling art may carve the fair effect. Prior.

2. (Law)

Defn: It seems; -- chiefly used impersonally in reports and judgments
to express an opinion in reference to the law on some point not
necessary to be decided, and not intended to be definitely settled in
the cause.

SEMBLE
Sem"ble, a.

Defn: Like; resembling. [Obs.] T. Hudson.

SEMBLING
Sem"bling, n. Etym: [Cf. Assemble.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The practice of attracting the males of Lepidoptera or other
insects by exposing the female confined in a cage.

Note: It is often adopted by collectors in order to procure specimens
of rare species.

SEME
Se*mé", a. Etym: [F. semé, fr. semer to sow.] (Her.)

Defn: Sprinkled or sown; -- said of field, or a charge, when strewed
or covered with small charges.

SEMEIOGRAPHY; SEMIOGRAPHY
Se`mei*og"ra*phy, or; Se`mi*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. shmei^on sign +
-graphy.] (Med.)

Defn: A description of the signs of disease.

SEMEIOLOGICAL; SEMIOLOGIOAL
Se`mei*o*log"ic*al, or; Se`mi*o*log"io*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the science of signs, or the systematic use
of signs; as, a semeiological classification of the signs or symptoms
of disease; a semeiological arrangement of signs used as signals.

SEMEIOLOGY; SEMIOLOGY
Se`mei*ol"o*gy, or Se`mi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. shmei^on a mark, a
sign + -logy.]

Defn: The science or art of signs. Specifically:
(a) (Med.) The science of the signs or symptoms of disease;
symptomatology.
(b) The art of using signs in signaling.

SEMEIOTIC; SEMIOTIC
Se`mei*ot"ic, or Se`mi*ot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. shmei^on a mark, a sign.]

1. Relating to signs or indications; pertaining to the language of
signs, or to language generally as indicating thought.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the signs or symptoms of diseases.

SEMEIOTICS; SEMIOTICS
Se`mei*ot"ics, or Se`mi*ot"ics, n.

Defn: Semeiology.

SEMELE
Sem"e*le, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: A daughter of Cadmus, and by Zeus mother of Bacchus.

SEMEN
Se"men, n.; pl. Semina. Etym: [L., from the root of serere, satum, to
sow. See Sow to scatter seed.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The seed of plants.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The seed or fecundating fluid of male animals; sperm. It is a
white or whitish viscid fluid secreted by the testes, characterized
by the presence of spermatozoids to which it owes its generative
power. Semen contra, or Semen cinæ or cynæ, a strong aromatic, bitter
drug, imported from Aleppo and Barbary, said to consist of the
leaves, peduncles, and unexpanded flowers of various species of
Artemisia; wormseed.

SEMENIFEROUS
Sem`e*nif"er*ous, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Seminiferous.

SEMESTER
Se*mes"ter, n. Etym: [G., from L. semestris half-yearly; sex six +
mensis a month.]

Defn: A period of six months; especially, a term in a college or
uneversity which divides the year into two terms.

SEMI-
Sem"i-. Etym: [L. semi; akin to Gr. sami-, AS. sam-, and prob. to E.
same, from the division into two parts of the same size. Cf. Hemi-,
Sandelend.]

Defn: A prefix signifying half, and sometimes partly or imperfectly;
as, semiannual, half yearly; semitransparent, imperfectly
transparent.

Note: The prefix semi is joined to another word either with the
hyphen or without it. In this book the hyphen is omitted except
before a capital letter; as, semiacid, semiaquatic, semi-Arian,
semiaxis, semicalcareous.

SEMIACID
Sem`i*ac"id, a.

Defn: Slightly acid; subacid.

SEMIACIDIFIED
Sem`i*a*cid"i*fied, a.

Defn: Half acidified.

SEMIADHERENT
Sem`i*ad*her"ent, a.

Defn: Adherent part way.

SEMIAMPLEXICAUL
Sem`i*am*plex"i*caul, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Partially amplexicaul; embracing the stem half round, as a
leaf.

SEMIANGLE
Sem"i*an`gle, n. (Geom.)

Defn: The half of a given, or measuring, angle.

SEMIANNUAL
Sem`i*an"nu*al, a.

Defn: Half-yearly.

SEMIANNUALLY
Sem`i*an"nu*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Every half year.

SEMIANNULAR
Sem`i*an"nu*lar, a.

Defn: Having the figure of a half circle; forming a semicircle. Grew.

SEMI-ARIAN
Sem`i-A"ri*an, n. Etym: [See Arian.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A member of a branch of the Arians which did not acknowledge
the Son to be consubstantial with the Father, that is, of the same
substance, but admitted him to be of a like substance with the
Father, not by nature, but by a peculiar privilege.

SEMI-ARIAN
Sem"i-A"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Semi-Arianism.

SEMI-ARIANISM
Sem`i-A"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrines or tenets of the Semi-Arians.

SEMIAXIS
Sem`i*ax"is, n. (Geom.)

Defn: One half of the axis of an

SEMIBARBARIAN
Sem`i*bar*ba"ri*an, a.

Defn: Half barbarous; partially civilized.
 -- n.

Defn: One partly civilized.

SEMIBARBARIC
Sem`i*bar*bar"ic, a.

Defn: Half barbarous or uncivilized; as, semibarbaric display.

SEMIBARBARISM
Sem`i*bar"ba*rism, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being half barbarous or uncivilized.

SEMIBARBAROUS
Sem`i*bar"ba*rous, a.

Defn: Half barbarous.

SEMIBREVE
Sem"i*breve`, n. Etym: [Pref. semi- + breve: cf. F. semi-breve, It.
semibreve.] [Formerly written semibref.] (Mus.)

Defn: A note of half the time or duration of the breve; -- now
usually called a whole note. It is the longest note in general use.

SEMIBRIEF
Sem"i*brief`, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A semibreve. [R.]

SEMIBULL
Sem"i*bull`, n. (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: A bull issued by a pope in the period between his election and
coronation.

SEMICALCAREOUS
Sem`i*cal*ca"re*ous, a.

Defn: Half or partially calcareous; as, a semicalcareous plant.

SEMICALCINED
Sem`i*cal*cined", a.

Defn: Half calcined; as, semicalcined iron.

SEMICASTRATE
Sem`i*cas"trate, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of one testicle.
 -- Sem`i*cas*tra"tion,n.

SEMICENTENNIAL
Sem`i*cen*ten"ni*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to half of a century, or a period of fifty
years; as, a semicentennial commemoration.

SEMICENTENNIAL
Sem`i*cen*ten"ni*al, n.

Defn: A fiftieth anniversary.

SEMICHAOTIC
Sem`i*cha*ot"ic, a.

Defn: Partially chaotic.

SEMICHORUS
Sem"i*cho`rus, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A half chorus; a passage to be sung by a selected portion of
the voices, as the female voices only, in contrast with the full
choir.

SEMI-CHRISTIANIZED
Sem`i-Chris"tian*ized, a.

Defn: Half Christianized.

SEMICIRCLE
Sem"i*cir`cle, n.

1.
(a) The half of a circle; the part of a circle bounded by its
diameter and half of its circumference.
(b) A semicircumference.

2. A body in the form of half of a circle, or half of a
circumference.

3. An instrument for measuring angles.

SEMICIRCLED
Sem"i*cir`cled, a.

Defn: Semicircular. Shak.

SEMICIRCULAR
Sem`i*cir"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Having the form of half of a circle. Addison. Semicircular
canals (Anat.), certain canals of the inner ear. See under Ear.

SEMI CIRCUMFERENCE
Sem`i cir*cum"fer*ence, n.

Defn: Half of a circumference.

SEMICIRQUE
Sem"i*cirque, n.

Defn: A semicircular hollow or opening among trees or hills.
Wordsworth.

SEMICOLON
Sem"i*co`lon, n.

Defn: The punctuation mark [;] indicating a separation between parts
or members of a sentence more distinct than that marked by a comma.

SEMICOLUMN
Sem"i*col`umn, n.

Defn: A half column; a column bisected longitudinally, or along its
axis.

SEMICOLUMNAR
Sem`i*co*lum"nar, a.

Defn: Like a semicolumn; flat on one side and round on the other;
imperfectly columnar.

SEMICOMPACT
Sem`i*com*pact", a.

Defn: Half compact; imperfectly indurated.

SEMICONSCIOUS
Sem`i*con"scious, a.

Defn: Half conscious; imperfectly conscious. De Quincey.

SEMICOPE
Sem"i*cope`, n.

Defn: A short cope, or an inferier kind of cope. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SEMI CRUSTACEOUS
Sem`i crus*ta"ceous, a.

Defn: Half crustaceous; partially crustaceous.

SEMICRYSTALLINE
Sem`i*crys"tal*line, a. (Min.)

Defn: Half crystalline; -- said of certain cruptive rocks composed
partly of crystalline, partly of amorphous matter.

SEMICUBICAL
Sem`i*cu"bic*al, a. (Math.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the square root of the cube of a quantity.
Semicubical parabola, a curve in which the ordinates are proportional
to the square roots of the cubes of the abscissas.

SEMICUBIUM; SEMICUPIUM
Sem`i*cu"bi*um, Sem`i*cu"pi*um, n. Etym: [LL., fr. L. semi half +
cupa tub, cask.]

Defn: A half bath, or one that covers only the lewer extremities and
the hips; a sitz-bath; a half bath, or hip bath.

SEMICYLINDRIC; SEMICYLYNDRICAL
Sem`i*cy*lin"dric, Sem`i*cy*lyn"dric*al a.

Defn: Half cylindrical.

SEMIDEISTICAL
Sem`i*de*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Half deisticsl; bordering on deism. S. Miller.

SEMIDEMIQUAVER
Sem`i*dem"i*qua`ver, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A demisemiquaver; a thirty-second note.

SEMIDETACHED
Sem`i*de*tached", a.

Defn: Half detached; partly distinct or separate. Semidetached house,
one of two tenements under a single roof, but separated by a party
wall. [Eng.]

SEMIDIAMETER
Sem`i*di*am"e*ter, n. (Math.)

Defn: Half of a diameter; a right line, or the length of a right
line, drawn from the center of a circle, a sphere, or other curved
figure, to its circumference or periphery; a radius.

SEMIDIAPASON
Sem`i*di`a*pa"son, n. (Mus.)

Defn: An imperfect octave.

SEMIDIAPENTE
Sem`i*di`a*pen"te, n. (Mus.)

Defn: An imperfect or diminished fifth. Busby.

SEMIDIAPHANEITY
Sem`i*di`a*pha*ne"i*ty, n.

Defn: Half or imperfect transparency; translucency. [R.] Boyle.

SEMIDIAPHANOUS
Sem`i*di*aph"a*nous, a.

Defn: Half or imperfectly transparent; translucent. Woodward.

SEMIDIATESSARON
Sem`i*di`a*tes"sa*ron, n. (Mus.)

Defn: An imperfect or diminished fourth. [R.]

SEMI-DIESEL
Sem`i-Die"sel, a.

Defn: Designating an internal-combustion engine of a type resembling
the Diesel engine in using as fuel heavy oil which is injected in a
spray just before the end of the compression stroke and is fired
without electrical ignition. The fuel is sprayed into an iron box
(called a hot bulb or hot pot) opening into the combustion chamber,
and heated for ignition by a blast-lamp until the engine is running,
when it is, ordinarily, kept red hot by the heat of combustion.

SEMIDITONE
Sem`i*di"tone`, n. Etym: [Pref. semi- + ditone: cf. It. semiditono.
Cf. Hemiditone.] (Gr. Mus.)

Defn: A lesser third, having its terms as 6 to 5; a hemiditone. [R.]

SEMIDIURNAL
Sem`i*di*ur"nal, a.

1. Pertaining to, or accomplished in, half a day, or twelve hours;
occurring twice every day.

2. Pertaining to, or traversed in, six hours, or in half the time
between the rising and setting of a heavenly body; as, a semidiurnal
arc.

SEMIDOME
Sem"i*dome`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A roof or ceiling covering a semicircular room or recess, or
one of nearly that shape, as the apse of a church, a niche, or the
like. It is approximately the quarter of a hollow sphere.

SEMIDOUBLE
Sem"i*dou`ble, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: An office or feast celebrated with less solemnity than the
double ones. See Double, n., 8.

SEMIDOUBLE
Sem`i*dou"ble, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the outermost stamens converted into petals, while the
inner ones remain perfect; -- said of a flower.

SEMIFABLE
Sem"i*fa`ble, n.

Defn: That which is part fable and part truth; a mixture of truth and
fable. De Quincey.

SEMIFLEXED
Sem"i*flexed`, a.

Defn: Half bent.

SEMIFLORET
Sem"i*flo`ret, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Semifloscule.

SEMIFLOSCULAR
Sem`i*flos"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Semiflosculous.

SEMIFLOSCULE
Sem"i*flos`cule, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A floscule, or florest, with its corolla prolonged into a
strap-shaped petal; -- called also semifloret.

SEMIFLOSCULOUS
Sem`i*flos"cu*lous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having all the florets ligulate, as in the dandelion.

SEMIFLUID
Sem`i*flu"id, a.

Defn: Imperfectly fluid.
 -- n.

Defn: A semifluid substance.

SEMIFORM
Sem"i*form`, n.

Defn: A half form; an imperfect form.

SEMIFORMED
Sem"i*formed`, a.

Defn: Half formed; imperfectly formed; as, semiformed crystals.

SEMIGLUTIN
Sem`i*glu"tin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A peptonelike body, insoluble in alcohol, formed by boiling
collagen or gelatin for a long time in water. Hemicollin, a like
body, is also formed at the same time, and differs from semiglutin by
being partly soluble in alcohol.

SEMIHISTORICAL
Sem`i*his*tor"i*cal, a.

Defn: Half or party historical. Sir G. C. Lewis.

SEMIHORAL
Sem`i*ho"ral, a.

Defn: Half-hourly.

SEMIINDURATED
Sem`i*in"du*ra`ted, a.

Defn: Imperfectly indurated or hardened.

SEMILAPIDIFIED
Sem`i*la*pid"i*fied, a.

Defn: Imperfectly changed into stone. Kirwan.

SEMILENS
Sem"i*lens`, n. (Opt.)

Defn: The half of a lens divided along a plane passing through its
axis.

SEMILENTICULAR
Sem`i*len*tic"u*lar, a.

Defn: Half lenticular or convex; imperfectly resembling a lens.
Kirwan.

SEMILIGNEOUS
Sem`i*lig"ne*ous, a.

Defn: Half or partially ligneous, as a stem partly woody and partly
herbaceous.

SEMILIQUID
Sem`i*liq"uid, a.

Defn: Half liquid; semifluid.

SEMILIQUIDITY
Sem`i*li*quid"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being semiliquid; partial liquidity.

SEMILOGICAL
Sem`i*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Half logical; partly logical; said of fallacies. Whately.

SEMILOR
Sem"i*lor, n. Etym: [Cf. G. similor, semilor.]

Defn: A yellowish alloy of copper and zinc. See Simplor.

SEMILUNAR
Sem`i*lu"nar, a.

Defn: Shaped like a half moon. Semilunar bone (Anat.), a bone of the
carpus; the lunar. See Lunar, n.
 -- Semilunar, or Sigmoid, valves (Anat.), the valves at the
beginning of the aorta and of the pulmonary artery which prevent the
blood from flowing back into the ventricle.

SEMILUNAR
Sem`i*lu"nar, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The semilunar bone.

SEMILUNARY
Sem`i*lu"na*ry, a.

Defn: Semilunar.

SEMILUNATE
Sem`i*lu"nate, a.

Defn: Semilunar.

SEMILUNE
Sem"i*lune`, n. (Geom.)

Defn: The half of a lune.

SEMIMETAL
Sem"i*met`al, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An element possessing metallic properties in an inferior degree
and not malleable, as arsenic, antimony, bismuth, molybdenum,
uranium, etc. [Obs.]

SEMIMETALLIC
Sem`i*me*tal"lic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a semimetal; possessing metallic properties
in an inferior degree; resembling metal.

SEMIMONTHLY
Sem`i*month"ly a.

Defn: Coming or made twice in a month; as, semimonthly magazine; a
semimonthly payment.
 -- n.

Defn: Something done or made every half month; esp., a semimonthly
periodical.
 -- adv.

Defn: In a semimonthly manner; at intervals of half a month.

SEMIMUTE
Sem`i*mute", a.

Defn: Having the faculty of speech but imperfectly developed or
partially lost.

SEMIMUTE
Sem"i*mute`, n.

Defn: A semimute person.

SEMINAL
Sem"i*nal, a. Etym: [L. seminalis, fr. semen, seminis, seed, akin to
serere to sow: cf. F. seminal. See Sow to scatter seed.]

1. Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, seed or semen; as,
the seminal fluid.

2. Contained in seed; holding the relation of seed, source, or first
principle; holding the first place in a series of developed results
or consequents; germinal; radical; primary; original; as, seminal
principles of generation; seminal virtue.
The idea of God is, beyond all question or comparison, the one great
seminal principle. Hare.
Seminal leaf (Bot.), a seed leaf, or cotyleden.
 -- Seminal receptacle. (Zoöl.) Same as Spermatheca.

SEMINAL
Sem"i*nal, n.

Defn: A seed. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SEMINALITY
Sem`i*nal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being seminal. Sir T. Browne.

SEMINAR
Sem`i*nar", n. [G. See Seminary, n.]

Defn: A group of students engaged, under the guidance of an
instructor, in original research in a particular line of study, and
in the exposition of the results by theses, lectures, etc.; -- called
also seminary.

SEMINARIAN; SEMINARIST
Sem`i*na"ri*an, Sem"i*na*rist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. séminariste.]

Defn: A member of, or one educated in, a seminary; specifically, an
ecclesiastic educated for the priesthood in a seminary.

SEMINARY
Sem"i*na*ry, n.; pl. Seminaries. Etym: [L. seminarium, fr. seminarius
belonging to seed, fr. semon, seminis, seed. See Seminal.]

1. A piece of ground where seed is sown for producing plants for
transplantation; a nursery; a seed plat. [Obs.] Mortimer.
But if you draw them [seedling] only for the thinning of your
seminary, prick them into some empty beds. Evelyn.

2. Hence, the place or original stock whence anything is brought or
produced. [Obs.] Woodward.

3. A place of education, as a scool of a high grade, an academy,
college, or university.

4. Seminal state. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

5. Fig.: A seed bed; a source. [Obs.] Harvey.

6. A Roman Catholic priest educated in a foreign seminary; a
seminarist. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

SEMINARY
Sem"i*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. seminarius.]

Defn: Belonging to seed; seminal. [R.]

SEMINATE
Sem"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Seminated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Seminating.] Etym: [L. seminatus, p. p. of seminare to sow, fr.
semen, seminis, seed.]

Defn: To sow; to spread; to propagate. [R.] Waterhouse.

SEMINATION
Sem`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. seminatio: cf. F. sémination.]

1. The act of sowing or spreading. [R.]

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Natural dispersion of seeds. Martyn.

SEMINED
Sem"ined, a. Etym: [See Semen.]

Defn: Thickly covered or sown, as with seeds. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SEMINIFEROUS
Sem`i*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. semen, semenis, seed -ferous.] (Biol.)

Defn: Seed-bearing; producing seed; pertaining to, or connected with,
the formation of semen; as, seminiferous cells or vesicles.

SEMINIFIC; SEMINIFICAL
Sem`i*nif"ic, Sem`i*nif"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. semen, seminis, seed +
facere to make.] (Biol.)

Defn: Forming or producing seed, or the male generative product of
animals or of plants.

SEMINIFICATION
Sem`i*ni*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Propagation from seed. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

SEMINIST
Sem"i*nist, n. (Biol.)

Defn: A believer in the old theory that the newly created being is
formed by the admixture of the seed of the male with the supposed
seed of the female.

SEMINOLES
Sem"i*noles, n. pl.; sing. Seminole (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians who formerly occupied Florida, where some of
them still remain. They belonged to the Creek Confideration.

SEMINOSE
Sem"i*nose`, n. Etym: [L. semen seed + glucose.] (Chem.)

Defn: A carbohydrate of the glucose group found in the thickened
endosperm of certain seeds, and extracted as yellow sirup having a
sweetish-bitter taste.

SEMINUDE
Sem`i*nude", a.

Defn: Partially nude; half naked.

SEMINYMPH
Sem"i*nymph`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pupa of insects which undergo only a slight change in
passing to the imago state.

SEMIOCCASIONALLY
Sem`i*oc*ca"sion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Once in a while; on rare occasions. [Colloq. U. S.]

SEMIOFFICIAL
Sem`i*of*fi"cial, a.

Defn: Half official; having some official authority or importance;
as, a semiofficial statement.
 -- Sem`i*of*fi"cial*ly, adv.

SEMIOGRAPHY; SEMIOLOGY; SEMIOLOGICAL
Se`mi*og"ra*phy, Se`mi*ol"o*gy, Se`mi*o*log"ic*al.

Defn: Same as Semeiography, Semeiology, Semeiological.

SEMIOPACOUS
Sem`i*o*pa"cous, a.

Defn: Semiopaque.

SEMIOPAL
Sem"i*o`pal, n. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of opal not possessing opalescence.

SEMIOPAQUE
Sem`i*o*paque", a.

Defn: Half opaque; only half transparent.

SEMIORBICULAR
Sem`i*or*bic"u*lar, a.

Defn: Having the shape of a half orb or sphere.

SEMIOTIC
Se`mi*ot"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Semeiotic.

SEMIOTICS
Se`mi*ot"ics, n.

Defn: Same as Semeiotics.

SEMIOVAL
Sem`i*o"val, a.

Defn: Half oval.

SEMIOVATE
Sem`i*o"vate, a.

Defn: Half ovate.

SEMIOXYGENATED
Sem`i*ox"y*gen*a`ted, a.

Defn: Combined with oxygen only in part. Kirwan.

SEMIPAGAN
Sem`i*pa"gan, a.

Defn: Half pagan.

SEMIPALMATE; SEMIPALMATED
Sem`i*pal"mate, Sem`i*pal"ma*ted, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the anterior toes joined only part way down with a web;
half-webbed; as, a semipalmate bird or foot. See Illust. k under
Aves.

SEMIPARABOLA
Sem`i*pa*rab"o*la, n. (Geom.)

Defn: One branch of a parabola, being terminated at the principal
vertex of the curve.

SEMIPED
Sem"i*ped, n. Etym: [L. semipes, semipedis; pref. semi- half + pes,
pedis, a foot.] (Pros.)

Defn: A half foot in poetry.

SEMIPEDAL
Se*mip"e*dal, a. (Pres.)

Defn: Containing a half foot.

SEMI-PELAGIAN
Sem`i-Pe*la"gi*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of John Cassianus, a French monk (died about 448),
who modified the doctrines of Pelagius, by denying human merit, and
maintaining the necessity of the Spirit's influence, while, on the
other hand, he rejected the Augustinian doctrines of election, the
inability of man to do good, and the certain perseverance of the
saints.

SEMI-PELAGIAN
Sem`i-Pe*la"gi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Semi-Pelagians, or their tenets.

SEMI-PELAGIANISM
Sem`i-Pe*la"gi*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrines or tenets of the Semi-Pelagians.

SEMIPELLUCID
Sem`i*pel*lu"cid, a.

Defn: Half clear, or imperfectly transparent; as, a semipellucid gem.

SEMIPELLUCIDITY
Sem`i*pel`lu*cid"i*ty, n.

Defn: The qualiti or state of being imperfectly transparent.

SEMIPENNIFORM
Sem`i*pen"ni*form, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Half or partially penniform; as, a semipenniform muscle.

SEMIPERMANENT
Sem`i*per"ma*nent, n.

Defn: Half or partly permanent.

SEMIPERSPICUOUS
Sem`i*per*spic"u*ous, a.

Defn: Half transparent; imperfectly clear; semipellucid.

SEMIPHLOGISTICATED
Sem`i*phlo*gis"ti*ca`ted, a. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Partially impregnated with phlogiston.

SEMIPLUME
Sem"i*plume`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A feather which has a plumelike web, with the shaft of an
ordinary feather.

SEMIPRECIOUS
Sem`i*pre"cious, a.

Defn: Somewhat precious; as, semiprecious stones or metals.

SEMIPROOF
Sem"i*proof`, n.

Defn: Half proof; evidence from the testimony of a single witness.
[Obs.] Bailey.

SEMI PUPA
Sem`i pu"pa, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The young of an insect in a stage between the larva and pupa.

SEMIQUADRATE; SEMIQUARTILE
Sem"i*quad`rate, Sem"i*quar"tile, n. (Astrol.)

Defn: An aspect of the planets when distant from each other the half
of a quadrant, or forty-five degrees, or one sign and a half. Hutton.

SEMIQUAVER
Sem"i*qua`ver, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A note of half the duration of the quaver; -- now usually
called a sixsteenth note.

SEMIQUINTILE
Sem"i*quin`tile, n. (Astrol.)

Defn: An aspect of the planets when distant from each other half of
the quintile, or thirty-six degrees.

SEMIRADIAL
Sem`i*ra"di*al, a.

Defn: Half radial.

SEMIRADIAL ENGINE
Semiradial engine. (Mach.)

Defn: See Radial engine, above.

SEMIRECONDITE
Sem`i*rec"on*dite, a. (Zool.)

Defn: Half hidden or half covered; said of the head of an insect when
half covered by the shield of the thorax.

SEMIRING
Sem"i*ring`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the incomplete rings of the upper part of the bronchial
tubes of most birds. The semerings form an essential part of the
syrinx, or musical organ, of singing birds.

SEMISAVAGE
Sem`i*sav"age, a.

Defn: Half savage.

SEMISAVAGE
Sem"i*sav`age, n.

Defn: One who is half savage.

SEMI-SAXON
Sem`i-Sax"on, a.

Defn: Half Saxon; -- specifically applied to the language
intermediate between Saxon and English, belonging to the period 1150-
1250.

SEMISEXTILE
Sem"i*sex"tile, n. (Astrol.)

Defn: An aspect of the planets when they are distant from each other
the twelfth part of a circle, or thirty degrees. Hutton.

SEMISOLID
Sem`i*sol"id, a.

Defn: Partially solid.

SEMISOUN
Sem"i*soun (-soon), n.

Defn: A half sound; a low tone. [Obs.] "Soft he cougheth with a
semisoun." Chaucer.

SEMISPHERIC; SEMISPHERICAL
Sem`i*spher"ic, Sem`i*spher"ic*al, a.

Defn: Having the figure of a half sphere. Kirwan.

SEMISPHEROIDAL
Sem`i*sphe*roid"al, a.

Defn: Formed like a half spheroid.

SEMISTEEL
Sem"i*steel` (, n.

Defn: Puddled steel. [U. S. ]

SEMITA
Sem"i*ta, n.; pl. Semitæ. Etym: [L., a path.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fasciole of a spatangoid sea urchin.

SEMITANGENT
Sem"i*tan`gent, n. (Geom.)

Defn: The tangent of half an arc.

SEMITE
Sem"ite, n.

Defn: One belonging to the Semitic race. Also used adjectively.
[Written also Shemite.]

SEMITERETE
Sem`i*te*rete", a. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Half terete.

SEMITERTIAN
Sem`i*ter"tian, a. (Med.)

Defn: Having the characteristics of both a tertian and a quotidian
intermittent.
 -- n.

Defn: An intermittent combining the characteristics of a tertian and
a quotidian.

SEMITIC
Sem*it"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Shem or his descendants; belonging to that
division of the Caucasian race which includes the Arabs, Jews, and
related races. [Written also Shemitic.] Semitic language, a name used
to designate a group of Asiatic and African languages, some living
and some dead, namely: Hebrew and Phoenician, Aramaic, Assyrian,
Arabic, Ethiopic (Geez and Ampharic). Encyc. Brit.

SEMITISM
Sem"i*tism, n.

Defn: A Semitic idiom; a word of Semitic origin. [Written also
Shemitism.]

SEMITONE
Sem"i*tone, n. Etym: [Pref. semi- + tone. CF. Hemitone.] (Mus.)

Defn: Half a tone; -- the name commonly applied to the smaller
intervals of the diatonic scale.

Note: There is an impropriety in the use of this word, and half step
is now preferred. See Tone. J. S. Dwight.

SEMITONIC
Sem`i*ton"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a semitone; consisting of a semitone, or of
semitones.

SEMITONTINE
Sem`i*ton*tine", a. (LIfe Insurance)

Defn: Lit., half-tontine; -- used to designate a form of tontine life
insurance. See Tontine insurance. --Sem`i*ton*tine", n.

SEMITRANSEPT
Sem"i*tran`sept, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The half of a transept; as, the north semitransept of a church.

SEMITRANSLUCENT
Sem`i*trans*lu"cent, a.

Defn: Slightly clear; transmitting light in a slight degree.

SEMITRANSPARENCY
Sem`i*trans*par"en*cy, n.

Defn: Imperfect or partial transparency.

SEMITRANSPARENT
Sem`i*trans*par"ent, a.

Defn: Half or imperfectly transparent.

SEMIVERTICILLATE
Sem`i*ver*tic"il*late, ( a.

Defn: Partially verticillate.

SEMIVIF
Sem"i*vif, a. Etym: [L. semivivus.]

Defn: Only half alive. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

SEMIVITREOUS
Sem`i*vit"re*ous, a.

Defn: Partially vitreous.

SEMIVITRIFICATION
Sem`i*vit"ri*fi*ca"tion, n.

1. The quality or state of being semivitrified.

2. A substance imperfectly vitrified.

SEMIVITRIFIED
Sem`i*vit"ri*fied, a.

Defn: Half or imperfectly vitrified; partially converted into glass.

SEMIVOCAL
Sem`i*vo"cal, a. (Phon.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a semivowel; half cocal; imperfectly
sounding.

SEMIVOWEL
Sem"i*vow`el, n. (Phon.)
(a) A sound intermediate between a vowel and a consonant, or
partaking of the nature of both, as in the English w and y.
(b) The sign or letter representing such a sound.

SEMIWEEKLY
Sem`i*week"ly, a.

Defn: Coming, or made, or done, once every half week; as, a
semiweekly newspaper; a semiweekly trip.
 -- n.

Defn: That which comes or happens once every half week, esp. a
semiweekly periodical.
 -- adv.

Defn: At intervals of half a week each.

SEMOLELLA
Sem`o*lel"la, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: See Semolina.

SEMOLINA
Sem`o*li"na, n. Etym: [It. semolino, from semola bran, L. simila the
finest wheat flour. Cf. Semoule, Simnel.]

Defn: The fine, hard parts of wheat, rounded by the attrition of the
millstones, -- used in cookery.

SEMOLINO
Sem`o*li"no, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: Same as Semolina.

SEMOULE
Se*moule", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Same as Semolina.

SEMPERVIRENT
Sem`per*vi"rent, a. Etym: [L. semper always + virens, p. pr. of
virere to be green.]

Defn: Always fresh; evergreen. [R.] Smart.

SEMPERVIVE
Sem"per*vive, n. Etym: [L. semperviva, sempervivum, fr. sempervivus
ever-living; semper always + vivus living.] (Bot.)

Defn: The houseleek.

SEMPERVIVUM
Sem`per*vi"vum, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of fleshy-leaved plants, of which the houseleek
(Sempervivum tectorum) is the commonest species.

SEMPITERNAL
Sem`pi*ter"nal, a. Etym: [L. sempiternus, fr. semper always: cf. F.
sempiternel.]

1. Of neverending duration; everlasting; endless; having beginning,
but no end. Sir M. Hale.

2. Without beginning or end; eternal. Blackmore.

SEMPITERNE
Sem"pi*terne, a.

Defn: Sempiternal. [Obs.]

SEMPITERNITY
Sem`pi*ter"ni*ty, n. Etym: [L. sempiternitas.]

Defn: Future duration without end; the relation or state of being
sempiternal. Sir M. Hale.

SEMPRE
Sem"pre, adv. Etym: [It., fr. L. semper.] (Mus.)

Defn: Always; throughout; as, sempre piano, always soft.

SEMPSTER
Semp"ster, n.

Defn: A seamster. [Obs.]

SEMPSTRESS
Semp"stress, n.

Defn: A seamstress.
Two hundred sepstress were employed to make me shirts. Swift.

SEMPSTRESSY
Semp"stress*y, n.

Defn: Seamstressy.

SEMSTER
Sem"ster, n.

Defn: A seamster. [Obs.]

SEMUNCIA
Se*mun"ci*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. semi half + uncia ounce.] (Rom.
Antiq.)

Defn: A Roman coin equivalent to one twenty-fourth part of a Roman
pound.

SEN
Sen, n.

Defn: A Japanese coin, worth about one half of a cent.

SEN
Sen, adv., prep., & conj. Etym: [See Since.]

Defn: Since. [Obs.]

SENARY
Sen"a*ry, a. Etym: [L. senarius, fr. seni six each, fr. sex six. See
Six.]

Defn: Of six; belonging to six; containing six. Dr. H. More.

SENATE
Sen"ate, n. Etym: [OE. senat, F. sénat, fr. L. senatus, fr. senex,
gen. senis, old, an old man. See Senior, Sir.]

1. An assembly or council having the highest deliberative and
legislative functions. Specifically: (a) (Anc. Rom.)

Defn: A body of elders appointed or elected from among the nobles of
the nation, and having supreme legislative authority.
The senate was thus the medium through which all affairs of the whole
government had to pass. Dr. W. Smith.

(b) The upper and less numerous branch of a legislature in various
countries, as in France, in the United States, in most of the
separate States of the United States, and in some Swiss cantons.
(c) In general, a legislative body; a state council; the legislative
department of government.

2. The governing body of the Universities of Cambridge and London.
[Eng.]

3. In some American colleges, a council of elected students, presided
over by the president of the college, to which are referred cases of
discipline and matters of general concern affecting the students. [U.
S.] Senate chamber, a room where a senate meets when it transacts
business.
 -- Senate house, a house where a senate meets when it transacts
business.

SENATOR
Sen"a*tor, n. Etym: [OE. senatour, OF. senatour, F. sénateur, fr. L.
senator.]

1. A member of a senate.
The duke and senators of Venice greet you. Shak.

Note: In the United States, each State sends two senators for a term
of six years to the national Congress.

2. (O.Eng.Law)

Defn: A member of the king's council; a king's councilor. Burrill.

SENATORIAL
Sen`a*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [F. sénatorial, or L. senatorius.]

1. Of or pertaining to a senator, or a senate; becoming to a senator,
or a senate; as, senatorial duties; senatorial dignity.

2. Entitled to elect a senator, or by senators; as, the senatorial
districts of a State. [U. S.]

SENATORIALLY
Sen`a*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a senatorial manner.

SENATORIAN
Sen`a*to"ri*an, a.

Defn: Senatorial. [R.] De Quincey.

SENATORIOUS
Sen`a*to"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Senatorial. [Obs.]

SENATORSHIP
Sen"a*tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office or dignity of a senator. Carew.

SENATUSCONSULT
Se*na`tus*con*sult", n. Etym: [L. senatus consultum.]

Defn: A decree of the Roman senate.

SEND
Send, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sent (; p. pr. & vb. n. Sending.] Etym:
[AS. sendan; akin to OS. sendian, D. zenden, G. senden, OHG. senten,
Icel. senda, Sw. sända, Dan. sende, Goth. sandjan, and to Goth. sinp
a time (properly, a going), gasinpa companion, OHG. sind journey, AS.
si, Icel. sinni a walk, journey, a time. W. hynt a way, journey, OIr.
s. Cf. Sense.]

1. To cause to go in any manner; to dispatch; to commission or direct
to go; as, to send a messenger.
I have not sent these prophets, yet they ran. Jer. xxiii. 21.
I proceeded forth and came from God; neither came I of myself, but he
sent me. John viii. 42.
Servants, sent on messages, stay out somewhat longer than the message
requires. Swift.

2. To give motion to; to cause to be borne or carried; to procure the
going, transmission, or delivery of; as, to send a message.
He . . . sent letters by posts on horseback. Esther viii. 10.
O send out thy light an thy truth; let them lead me. Ps. xliii. 3.

3. To emit; to impel; to cast; to throw; to hurl; as, to send a ball,
an arrow, or the like.

4. To cause to be or to happen; to bestow; to inflict; to grant; --
sometimes followed by a dependent proposition. "God send him well!"
Shak.
The Lord shall send upon thee cursing, vexation, and rebuke. Deut.
xxviii. 20.
And sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust. Matt. v. 45.
God send your mission may bring back peace. Sir W. Scott.

SEND
Send, v. i.

1. To dispatch an agent or messenger to convey a message, or to do an
errand.
See ye how this son of a murderer hath sent to take away my head 2
Kings vi. 32.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To pitch; as, the ship sends forward so violently as to
endanger her masts. Totten. To send for, to request or require by
message to come or be brought.

SEND
Send, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The impulse of a wave by which a vessel is carried bodily.
[Written also scend.] W. C. Russell. "The send of the sea".
Longfellow.

SENDAL
Sen"dal, n. Etym: [OF. cendal (cf. Pr. & Sp. cendal, It. zendale),
LL. cendallum, Gr.

Defn: A light thin stuff of silk. [Written also cendal, and sendal.]
Chaucer.
Wore she not a veil of twisted sendal embroidered with silver Sir W.
Scott.

SENDER
Send"er, n.

Defn: One who sends. Shak.

SENECAS
Sen"e*cas, n. pl.; sing. Seneca (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited a part of Western New
York. This tribe was the most numerous and most warlike of the Five
Nations. Seneca grass(Bot.), holy grass. See under Holy.
 -- Seneca eil, petroleum or naphtha.
 -- Seneca root, or Seneca snakeroot (Bot.), the rootstock of an
American species of milkworth (Polygala Senega) having an aromatic
but bitter taste. It is often used medicinally as an expectorant and
diuretic, and, in large doses, as an emetic and cathartic. [Written
also Senega root, and Seneka root.]

SENECIO
Se*ne"ci*o, n. Etym: [L., groundsel, lit., an old man. So called in
allusion to the hoary appearance of the pappus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A very large genus of composite plants including the groundsel
and the golden ragwort.

SENECTITUDE
Se*nec"ti*tude, n. Etym: [L. senectus aged, old age, senex old.]

Defn: Old age. [R.] "Senectitude, weary of its toils." H. Miller.

SENEGA
Sen"e*ga, n. (Med.)

Defn: Seneca root.

SENEGAL
Sen"e*gal, n.

Defn: Gum senegal. See under Gum.

SENEGIN
Sen"e*gin, n. (Med. Chem.)

Defn: A substance extracted from the rootstock of the Polygala Senega
(Seneca root), and probably identical with polygalic acid.

SENESCENCE
Se*nes"cence, n. Etym: [See Senescent.]

Defn: The state of growing old; decay by time.

SENESCENT
Se*nes"cent, a. Etym: [L. senescent, p. pr. of senescere to grow old,
incho. fr. senere to be old.]

Defn: Growing old; decaying with the lapse of time. "The night was
senescent." Poe. "With too senescent air." Lowell.

SENESCHAL
Sen"es*chal, n. Etym: [OF. seneschal, LL. seniscalcus, of Teutonic
origin; cf. Goth. sineigs old, skalks, OHG. scalch, AS. scealc. Cf.
Senior, Marshal.]

Defn: An officer in the houses of princes and dignitaries, in the
Middle Ages, who had the superintendence of feasts and domestic
ceremonies; a steward. Sometimes the seneschal had the dispensing of
justice, and was given high military commands.
Then marshaled feast Served up in hall with sewers and seneschale.
Milton.
Philip Augustus, by a famous ordinance in 1190, first established
royal courts of justice, held by the officers called baitiffs, or
seneschals, who acted as the king's lieutenants in his demains.
Hallam.

SENESCHALSHIP
Sen"es*chal*ship, n.

Defn: The office, dignity, or jurisdiction of a seneschal.

SENGE
Senge, v. t.

Defn: To singe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SENGREEN
Sen"green, n.Etym: [AS. singr, properly, evergreen, fr. sin (in
composition) always + grëne green; akin to OHG. sin- ever, L.
semper.] (Bot.)

Defn: The houseleek.

SENILE
Se"nile, a. Etym: [L. senilis, from senex, gen. senis, old, an old
man: cf. F. sénile. See Senior.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to old age; proceeding from, or characteristic
of, old age; affected with the infirmities of old age; as, senile
weakness. "Senile maturity of judgment." Boyle. Senile gangrene
(Med.), a form of gangrene occuring particularly in old people, and
caused usually by insufficient blood supply due to degeneration of
the walls of the smaller arteries.

SENILITY
Se*nil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sénilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being senile; old age.

SENIOR
Sen"ior, a. Etym: [L. senior, compar. of senex, gen. senis, old. See
Sir.]

1. More advanced than another in age; prior in age; elder; hence,
more advanced in dignity, rank, or office; superior; as, senior
member; senior counsel.

2. Belonging to the final year of the regular course in American
colleges, or in professional schools.

SENIOR
Sen"ior, n.

1. A person who is older than another; one more advanced in life.

2. One older in office, or whose entrance upon office was anterior to
that of another; one prior in grade.

3. An aged person; an older. Dryden.
Each village senior paused to scan, And speak the lovely caravan.
Emerson.

4. One in the fourth or final year of his collegiate course at an
American college; -- originally called senior sophister; also, one in
the last year of the course at a professional schools or at a
seminary.

SENIORITY
Sen*ior"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being senior.

SENIORIZE
Sen"ior*ize, v. i.

Defn: To exercise authority; to rule; to lord it. [R.] Fairfax.

SENIORY
Sen"ior*y, n.

Defn: Seniority. [Obs.] Shak.

SENNA
Sen"na, n. Etym: [Cf. It. & Sp. sena, Pg. sene, F. séné; all fr. Ar.
sana.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: The leaves of several leguminous plants of the genus Cassia.
(C. acutifolia. C. angustifolia, etc.). They constitute a valuable
but nauseous cathartic medicine.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The plants themselves, native to the East, but now cultivated
largely in the south of Europe and in the West Indies. Bladder senna.
(Bot.) See under Bladder.
 -- Wild senna (Bot.), the Cassia Marilandica, growing in the United
States, the leaves of which are used medicinally, like those of the
officinal senna.

SENNACHY
Sen"na*chy, n.

Defn: See Seannachie.

SENNET
Sen"net, n. Etym: [Properly, a sign given for the entrance or exit of
actors, from OF. sinet, signet, dim. of signe. See Signet.]

Defn: A signal call on a trumpet or cornet for entrance or exit on
the stage. [Obs.]

SENNET
Sen"net, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The barracuda.

SENNIGHT
Sen"night, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. sevennight.]

Defn: The space of seven nights and days; a week. [Written also
se'nnight.] [Archaic.] Shak. Tennyson.

SENNIT
Sen"nit, n. Etym: [Seven + knit.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A braided cord or fabric formed by plaiting together rope yarns
or other small stuff.

2. Plaited straw or palm leaves for making hats.

SENOCULAR
Se*noc"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. seni six each (fr. sex six) + oculus eye.]

Defn: Having six eyes. [R.] Derham.

SENONIAN
Se*no"ni*an, a. Etym: [F. sénonien, from the district of Sénonais, in
France.] (Geol.)

Defn: In european geology, a name given to the middle division of the
Upper Cretaceous formation.

SENOR; SENHOR
Se*ñor", n. Etym: [Sp. Cf. Senior.]

Defn: A Spanish title of courtesy corresponding to the English Mr. or
Sir; also, a gentleman.

SENORA; SENHORA
Se*ño"ra, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A Spanish title of courtesy given to a lady; Mrs.; Madam; also,
a lady.

SENORITA; SENHORITA
Se`ño*ri"ta, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A Spanish title of courtesy given to a young lady; Miss; also,
a young lady.

SENS
Sens, adv. Etym: [See Since.]

Defn: Since. [Obs.] Spenser.

SENSATE
Sen"sate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sensated; p. pr. & vb. n. Sensating.]
Etym: [See Sensated.]

Defn: To feel or apprehend more or less distinctly through a sense,
or the senses; as, to sensate light, or an odor.
As those of the one are sensated by the ear, so those of the other
are by the eye. R. Hooke.

SENSATE; SENSATED
Sen"sate, Sen"sa*ted, a. Etym: [L. sensatus gifted with sense,
intelligent, fr. sensus sense. See Sense.]

Defn: Felt or apprehended through a sense, or the senses. [R.]
Baxter.

SENSATION
Sen*sa"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sensation. See Sensate.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: An impression, or the consciousness of an impression, made upon
the central nervous organ, through the medium of a sensory or
afferent nerve or one of the organs of sense; a feeling, or state of
consciousness, whether agreeable or disagreeable, produced either by
an external object (stimulus), or by some change in the internal
state of the body.
Perception is only a special kind of knowledge, and sensation a
special kind of feeling. . . . Knowledge and feeling, perception and
sensation, though always coexistent, are always in the inverse ratio
of each other. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. A purely spiritual or psychical affection; agreeable or
disagreeable feelings occasioned by objects that are not corporeal or
material.

3. A state of excited interest or feeling, or that which causes it.
The sensation caused by the appearance of that work is still
remembered by many. Brougham.

Syn.
 -- Perception.
 -- Sensation, Perseption. The distinction between these words, when
used in mental philosophy, may be thus stated; if I simply smell a
rose, I have a sensation; if I refer that smell to the external
object which occasioned it, I have a perception. Thus, the former is
mere feeling, without the idea of an object; the latter is the mind's
apprehension of some external object as occasioning that feeling.
"Sensation properly expresses that change in the state of the mind
which is produced by an impression upon an organ of sense (of which
change we can conceive the mind to be conscious, without any
knowledge of external objects). Perception, on the other hand,
expresses the knowledge or the intimations we obtain by means of our
sensations concerning the qualities of matter, and consequently
involves, in every instance, the notion of externality, or outness,
which it is necessary to exclude in order to seize the precise import
of the word sensation." Fleming.

SENSATIONAL
Sen*sa"tion*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to sensation; as, sensational nerves.

2. Of or pertaining to sensationalism, or the doctrine that sensation
is the sole origin of knowledge.

3. Suited or intended to excite temporarily great interest or
emotion; melodramatic; emotional; as, sensational plays or novels;
sensational preaching; sensational journalism; a sensational report.

SENSATIONALISM
Sen*sa"tion*al*ism, n.

1. (Metaph.)

Defn: The doctrine held by Condillac, and by some ascribed to Locke,
that our ideas originate solely in sensation, and consist of
sensations transformed; sensualism; -- opposed to intuitionalism, and
rationalism.

2. The practice or methods of sensational writing or speaking; as,
the sensationalism of a novel.

SENSATIONALIST
Sen*sa"tion*al*ist, n.

1. (Metaph.)

Defn: An advocate of, or believer in, philosophical sensationalism.

2. One who practices sensational writing or speaking.

SENSE
Sense, n. Etym: [L. sensus, from sentire, sensum, to perceive, to
feel, from the same root as E. send; cf. OHG. sin sense, mind, sinnan
to go, to journey, G. sinnen to meditate, to think: cf. F. sens. For
the change of meaning cf. See, v. t. See Send, and cf. Assent,
Consent, Scent, v. t., Sentence, Sentient.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: A faculty, possessed by animals, of perceiving external objects
by means of impressions made upon certain organs (sensory or sense
organs) of the body, or of perceiving changes in the condition of the
body; as, the senses of sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch. See
Muscular sense, under Muscular, and Temperature sense, under
Temperature.
Let fancy still my sense in Lethe steep. Shak.
What surmounts the reach Of human sense I shall delineate. Milton.
The traitor Sense recalls The soaring soul from rest. Keble.

2. Perception by the sensory organs of the body; sensation;
sensibility; feeling.
In a living creature, though never so great, the sense and the
affects of any one part of the body instantly make a transcursion
through the whole. Bacon.

3. Perception through the intellect; apprehension; recognition;
understanding; discernment; appreciation.
This Basilius, having the quick sense of a lover. Sir P. Sidney.
High disdain from sense of injured merit. Milton.

4. Sound perception and reasoning; correct judgment; good mental
capacity; understanding; also, that which is sound, true, or
reasonable; rational meaning. "He speaks sense." Shak.
He raves; his words are loose As heaps of sand, and scattering wide
from sense. Dryden.

5. That which is felt or is held as a sentiment, view, or opinion;
judgment; notion; opinion.
I speak my private but impartial sense With freedom. Roscommon.
The municipal council of the city had ceased to speak the sense of
the citizens. Macaulay.

6. Meaning; import; signification; as, the true sense of words or
phrases; the sense of a remark.
So they read in the book in the law of God distinctly, and gave the
sense. Neh. viii. 8.
I think 't was in another sense. Shak.

7. Moral perception or appreciation.
Some are so hardened in wickedness as to have no sense of the most
friendly offices. L' Estrange.

8. (Geom.)

Defn: One of two opposite directions in which a line, surface, or
volume, may be supposed to be described by the motion of a point,
line, or surface. Common sense, according to Sir W. Hamilton: (a)
"The complement of those cognitions or convictions which we receive
from nature, which all men possess in common, and by which they test
the truth of knowledge and the morality of actions." (b) "The faculty
of first principles." These two are the philosophical significations.
(c) "Such ordinary complement of intelligence, that,if a person be
deficient therein, he is accounted mad or foolish." (d) When the
substantive is emphasized: "Native practical intelligence, natural
prudence, mother wit, tact in behavior, acuteness in the observation
of character, in contrast to habits of acquired learning or of
speculation." -- Moral sense. See under Moral, (a).
 -- The inner, or internal, sense, capacity of the mind to be aware
of its own states; consciousness; reflection. "This source of ideas
every man has wholly in himself, and though it be not sense, as
having nothing to do with external objects, yet it is very like it,
and might properly enough be called internal sense." Locke.
 -- Sense capsule (Anat.), one of the cartilaginous or bony cavities
which inclose, more or less completely, the organs of smell, sight,
and hearing.
 -- Sense organ (Physiol.), a specially irritable mechanism by which
some one natural force or form of energy is enabled to excite sensory
nerves; as the eye, ear, an end bulb or tactile corpuscle, etc.
 -- Sense organule (Anat.), one of the modified epithelial cells in
or near which the fibers of the sensory nerves terminate.

Syn.
 -- Understanding; reason.
 -- Sense, Understanding, Reason. Some philosophers have given a
technical signification to these terms, which may here be stated.
Sense is the mind's acting in the direct cognition either of material
objects or of its own mental states. In the first case it is called
the outer, in the second the inner, sense. Understanding is the
logical faculty, i. e., the power of apprehending under general
conceptions, or the power of classifying, arranging, and making
deductions. Reason is the power of apprehending those first or
fundamental truths or principles which are the conditions of all real
and scientific knowledge, and which control the mind in all its
processes of investigation and deduction. These distinctions are
given, not as established, but simply because they often occur in
writers of the present day.

SENSE
Sense, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sensed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sensing.]

Defn: To perceive by the senses; to recognize. [Obs. or Colloq.]
Is he sure that objects are not otherwise sensed by others than they
are by him Glanvill.

SENSEFUL
Sense"ful, a.

Defn: Full of sense, meaning, or reason; reasonable; judicious. [R.]
"Senseful speech." Spenser. "Men, otherwise senseful and ingenious."
Norris.

SENSELESS
Sense"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of, deficient in, or contrary to, sense; without
sensibility or feeling; unconscious; stupid; foolish; unwise;
unreasonable.
You blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless things. Shak.
The ears are senseless that should give us hearing. Shak.
The senseless grave feels not your pious sorrows. Rowe.
They were a senseless, stupid race. Swift.
They would repent this their senseless perverseness when it would be
too late. Clarendon.
--- Sense"less*ly, adv.
 -- Sense"less*ness, n.

SENSIBILITY
Sen`si*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Sensibilities. Etym: [Cf. F. sensibilité,
LL. sensibilitas.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: The quality or state of being sensible, or capable of
sensation; capacity to feel or perceive.

2. The capacity of emotion or feeling, as distinguished from the
intellect and the will; peculiar susceptibility of impression,
pleasurable or painful; delicacy of feeling; quick emotion or
sympathy; as, sensibility to pleasure or pain; sensibility to shame
or praise; exquisite sensibility; -- often used in the plural.
"Sensibilities so fine!" Cowper.
The true lawgiver ought to have a heart full of sensibility. Burke.
His sensibilities seem rather to have been those of patriotism than
of wounded pride. Marshall.

3. Experience of sensation; actual feeling.
This adds greatly to my sensibility. Burke.

4. That quality of an instrument which makes it indicate very slight
changes of condition; delicacy; as, the sensibility of a balance, or
of a thermometer.

Syn.
 -- Taste; susceptibility; feeling. See Taste.

SENSIBLE
Sen"si*ble, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. sensibilis, fr. sensus sense.]

1. Capable of being perceived by the senses; apprehensible through
the bodily organs; hence, also, perceptible to the mind; making an
impression upon the sense, reason, or understanding; sensible
resistance.
Air is sensible to the touch by its motion. Arbuthnot.
The disgrace was more sensible than the pain. Sir W. Temple.
Any very sensible effect upon the prices of things. A. Smith.

2. Having the capacity of receiving impressions from external
objects; capable of perceiving by the instrumentality of the proper
organs; liable to be affected physsically or mentally; impressible.
Would your cambric were sensible as your finger. Shak.

3. Hence: Liable to impression from without; easily affected; having
nice perception or acute feeling; sensitive; also, readily moved or
affected by natural agents; delicate; as, a sensible thermometer.
"With affection wondrous sensible." Shak.

4. Perceiving or having perception, either by the senses or the mind;
cognizant; perceiving so clearly as to be convinced; satisfied;
persuaded.
He [man] can not think at any time, waking or sleeping, without being
sensible of it. Locke.
They are now sensible it would have been better to comply than to
refuse. Addison.

5. Having moral perception; capable of being affected by moral good
or evil.

6. Possessing or containing sense or reason; giftedwith, or
characterized by, good or common sense; intelligent; wise.
Now a sensible man, by and by a fool. Shak.
Sensible note or tone (Mus.), the major seventh note of any scale; --
so called because, being but a half step below the octave, or key
tone, and naturally leading up to that, it makes the ear sensible of
its approaching sound. Called also the leading tone.
 -- Sensible horizon. See Horizon, n., 2. (a).

Syn.
 -- Intelligent; wise.
 -- Sensible, Intelligent. We call a man sensible whose judgments and
conduct are marked and governed by sound judgment or good common
semse. We call one intelligent who is quick and clear in his
understanding, i. e., who discriminates readily and nicely in respect
to difficult and important distinction. The sphere of the sensible
man lies in matters of practical concern; of the intelligent man, in
subjects of intellectual interest. "I have been tired with accounts
from sensible men, furnished with matters of fact which have happened
within their own knowledge." Addison. "Trace out numerous footsteps .
. . of a most wise and intelligent architect throughout all this
stupendous fabric." Woodward.

SENSIBLE
Sen"si*ble, n.

1. Sensation; sensibility. [R.] "Our temper changed . . . which must
needs remove the sensible of pain." Milton.

2. That which impresses itself on the sense; anything perceptible.
Aristotle distinguished sensibles into common and proper. Krauth-
Fleming.

3. That which has sensibility; a sensitive being. [R.]
This melancholy extends itself not to men only, but even to vegetals
and sensibles. Burton.

SENSIBLENESS
Sen"si*ble*ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being sensible; sensibility; appreciation;
capacity of perception; susceptibility. "The sensibleness of the
eye." Sharp. "Sensibleness and sorrow for sin." Hammond.
The sensibleness of the divine presence. Hallywell.

2. Intelligence; reasonableness; good sense.

SENSIBLY
Sen"si*bly, adv.

1. In a sensible manner; so as to be perceptible to the senses or to
the mind; appreciably; with perception; susceptibly; sensitively.
What remains past cure, Bear not too sensibly. Milton.

2. With intelligence or good sense; judiciously.

SENSIFACIENT
Sen`si*fa"cient, a. Etym: [L. sensus sense + facere to make.]

Defn: Converting into sensation. Huxley.

SENSIFEROUS
Sen*sif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. sensifer; sensus sense + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Exciting sensation; conveying sensation. Huxley.

SENSIFIC
Sen*sif"ic, a. Etym: [L. sensificus; sensus sense + facere to make.]

Defn: Exciting sensation.

SENSIFICATORY
Sen*sif"i*ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Susceptible of, or converting into, sensation; as, the
sensificatory part of a nervous system. Huxley.

SENSIGENOUS
Sen*sig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. sensus sense + -genous.]

Defn: Causing or exciting sensation. Huxley.

SENSISM
Sens"ism, n.

Defn: Same as Sensualism, 2 & 3.

SENSIST
Sens"ist, n.

Defn: One who, in philosophy, holds to sensism.

SENSITIVE
Sen"si*tive, a. Etym: [F. sensitif. See Sense.]

1. Having sense of feeling; possessing or exhibiting the capacity of
receiving impressions from external objects; as, a sensitive soul.

2. Having quick and acute sensibility, either to the action of
external objects, or to impressions upon the mind and feelings;
highly susceptible; easily and acutely affected.
She was too sensitive to abuse and calumny. Macaulay.

3.
(a) (Mech.) Having a capacity of being easily affected or moved; as,
a sensitive thermometer; sensitive scales.
(b) (Chem. & Photog.) Readily affected or changed by certain
appropriate agents; as, silver chloride or bromide, when in contact
with certain organic substances, is extremely sensitive to actinic
rays.

4. Serving to affect the sense; sensible. [R.]
A sensitive love of some sensitive objects. Hammond.

5. Of or pertaining to sensation; depending on sensation; as,
sensitive motions; sensitive muscular motions excited by irritation.
E. Darwin. Sensitive fern (Bot.), an American fern (Onoclea
sensibilis), the leaves of which, when plucked, show a slight
tendency to fold together.
 -- Sensitive flame (Physics), a gas flame so arranged that under a
suitable adjustment of pressure it is exceedingly sensitive to
sounds, being caused to roar, flare, or become suddenly shortened or
extinguished, by slight sounds of the proper pitch.
 -- Sensitive joint vetch (Bot.), an annual leguminous herb
(Æschynomene hispida), with sensitive foliage.
 -- Sensitive paper, paper prepared for photographic purpose by being
rendered sensitive to the effect of light.
 -- Sensitive plant. (Bot.) (a) A leguminous plant (Mimosa pudica, or
M. sensitiva, and other allied species), the leaves of which close at
the slightest touch. (b) Any plant showing motions after irritation,
as the sensitive brier (Schrankia) of the Southern States, two common
American species of Cassia (C. nictitans, and C. Chamæcrista), a kind
of sorrel (Oxalis sensitiva), etc.

-- Sen"si*tive*ly, adv.
 -- Sen"si*tive*ness, n.

SENSITIVITY
Sen`si*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sensitive; -- used chiefly in
science and the arts; as, the sensitivity of iodized silver.
Sensitivity and emotivity have also been used as the scientific term
for the capacity of feeling. Hickok.

SENSITIZE
Sen"si*tize, v. t. (Photog.)

Defn: To render sensitive, or susceptible of being easily acted on by
the actinic rays of the sun; as, sensitized paper or plate.

SENSITIZER
Sen"si*ti`zer, n. (Photog.)

Defn: An agent that sensitizes.
The sensitizer should be poured on the middle of the sheet. Wilis &
Clements (The Platinotype).

SENSITOMETER
Sen`si*tom"e*ter, n. [See Sensitive; -meter.] (Photog.)

Defn: An instrument or apparatus for comparing and grading the
sensitiveness of plates, films, etc., as a screen divided into
squares of different shades or colors, from which a picture is made
on the plate to be tested.

SENSITORY
Sen"si*to*ry, n.

Defn: See Sensory.

SENSIVE
Sens"ive, a.

Defn: Having sense or sensibility; sensitive. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

SENSOR
Sen"sor, a.

Defn: Sensory; as, the sensor nerves.

SENSORIAL
Sen*so"ri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sensorial. See Sensorium.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sensorium; as, sensorial faculties,
motions, powers. A. Tucker.

SENSORIUM
Sen*so"ri*um, n.; pl. E. Sensoriums, L. Sensoria. Etym: [L., fr.
sentire, sensum, to discern or perceive by the senses.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The seat of sensation; the nervous center or centers to which
impressions from the external world must be conveyed before they can
be perceived; the place where external impressions are localized, and
transformed into sensations, prior to being reflected to other parts
of the organism; hence, the whole nervous system, when animated, so
far as it is susceptible of common or special sensations.

SENSORI-VOLITIONAL
Sen*so`ri-vo*li"tion*al, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Concerned both in sensation and volition; -- applied to those
nerve fibers which pass to and from the cerebro-spinal axis, and are
respectively concerned in sensation and volition. Dunglison.

SENSORY
Sen"so*ry, n.; pl. Sensories (. (Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Sensorium.

SENSORY
Sen"so*ry, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sensorium or sensation; as, sensory
impulses; -- especially applied to those nerves and nerve fibers
which convey to a nerve center impulses resulting in sensation; also
sometimes loosely employed in the sense of afferent, to indicate
nerve fibers which convey impressions of any kind to a nerve center.

SENSUAL
Sen"su*al, a. Etym: [L. sensualis, from sensus sense: cf. F.
sensuel.]

1. Pertaining to, consisting in, or affecting, the sense, or bodily
organs of perception; relating to, or concerning, the body, in
distinction from the spirit.
Pleasing and sensual rites and ceremonies. Bacon.
Far as creation's ample range extends, The scale of sensual, mental
powers ascends. Pope.

2. Hence, not spiritual or intellectual; carnal; fleshly; pertaining
to, or consisting in, the gratification of the senses, or the
indulgence of appetites; wordly.
These be they who separate themselves, sensual, having not the
Spirit. Jude 19.
The greatest part of men are such as prefer . . . that good which is
sensual before whatsoever is most divine. Hooker.

3. Devoted to the pleasures of sense and appetite; luxurious;
voluptuous; lewd; libidinous.
No small part of virtue consists in abstaining from that wherein
sensual men place their felicity. Atterbury.

4. Pertaining or peculiar to the philosophical doctrine of
sensualism.

SENSUALISM
Sen"su*al*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sensualisme.]

1. The condition or character of one who is sensual; subjection to
sensual feelings and appetite; sensuality.

2. (Philos.)

Defn: The doctrine that all our ideas, or the operations of the
understanding, not only originate in sensation, but are transformed
sensations, copies or relics of sensations; sensationalism; sensism.

3. (Ethics)

Defn: The regarding of the gratification of the senses as the highest
good. Krauth-Fleming.

SENSUALIST
Sen"su*al*ist, n. Etym: [CF. F. sensualiste.]

1. One who is sensual; one given to the indulgence of the appetites
or senses as the means of happiness.

2. One who holds to the doctrine of sensualism.

SENSUALISTIC
Sen`su*al*is"tic, a.

1. Sensual.

2. Adopting or teaching the doctrines of sensualism.

SENSUALITY
Sen`su*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [CF. F. sensualité, L. sensualitas
sensibility, capacity for sensation.]

Defn: The quality or state of being sensual; devotedness to the
gratification of the bodily appetites; free indulgence in carnal or
sensual pleasures; luxuriousness; voluptuousness; lewdness.
Those pampered animals That rage in savage sensuality. Shak.
They avoid dress, lest they should have affections tainted by any
sensuality. Addison.

SENSUALIZATION
Sen`su*al*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of sensualizing, or the state of being sensualized.

SENSUALIZE
Sen"su*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sensualized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sensualizing.]

Defn: To make sensual; to subject to the love of sensual pleasure; to
debase by carnal gratifications; to carnalize; as, sensualized by
pleasure. Pope.
By the neglect of prayer, the thoughts are sensualized. T. H.
Skinner.

SENSUALLY
Sen"su*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sensual manner.

SENSUALNESS
Sen"su*al*ness, n.

Defn: Sensuality; fleshliness.

SENSUISM
Sen"su*ism, n.

Defn: Sensualism.

SENSUOSITY
Sen`su*os"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sensuous; sensuousness. [R.]

SENSUOUS
Sen"su*ous, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the senses, or sensible objects; addressing
the senses; suggesting pictures or images of sense.
To this poetry would be made precedent, as being less subtle and
fine, but more simple, sensuous, and passionate. Milton.

2. Highly susceptible to influence through the senses.
 -- Sen"su*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Sen"su*ous*ness, n.

SENT
Sent, v. & n.

Defn: See Scent, v. & n. [Obs.] Spenser.

SENT
Sent,

Defn: obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Send, for sendeth.

SENT
Sent,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Send.

SENTENCE
Sen"tence, n. Etym: [F., from L. sententia, for sentientia, from
sentire to discern by the senses and the mind, to feel, to think. See
Sense, n., and cf. Sentiensi.]

1. Sense; meaning; significance. [Obs.]
Tales of best sentence and most solace. Chaucer.
The discourse itself, voluble enough, and full of sentence. Milton.

2.
(a) An opinion; a decision; a determination; a judgment, especially
one of an unfavorable nature.
My sentence is for open war. Milton.
That by them [Luther's works] we may pass sentence upon his
doctrines. Atterbury.

(b) A philosophical or theological opinion; a dogma; as, Summary of
the Sentences; Book of the Sentences.

3. (Law)

Defn: In civil and admiralty law, the judgment of a court pronounced
in a cause; in criminal and ecclesiastical courts, a judgment passed
on a criminal by a court or judge; condemnation pronounced by a
judgical tribunal; doom. In common law, the term is exclusively used
to denote the judgment in criminal cases.
Received the sentence of the law. Shak.

4. A short saying, usually containing moral instruction; a maxim; an
axiom; a saw. Broome.

5. (Gram.)

Defn: A combination of words which is complete as expressing a
thought, and in writing is marked at the close by a period, or full
point. See Proposition, 4.

Note: Sentences are simple or compound. A simple sentence consists of
one subject and one finite verb; as, "The Lord reigns." A compound
sentence contains two or more subjects and finite verbs, as in this
verse: -
He fills, he bounds, connects, and equals all. Pope.
Dark sentence, a saving not easily explained.
A king . . . understanding dark sentences. Dan. vii. 23.

SENTENCE
Sen"tence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sentenced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sentencing.]

1. To pass or pronounce judgment upon; to doom; to condemn to
punishment; to prescribe the punishment of.
Nature herself is sentenced in your doom. Dryden.

2. To decree or announce as a sentence. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To utter sentenciously. [Obs.] Feltham.

SENTENCE METHOD
Sen"tence meth`od. (Education)

Defn: A method of teaching reading by giving first attention to
phrases and sentences and later analyzing these into their verbal and
alphabetic components; -- contrasted with alphabet and word methods.

SENTENCER
Sen"ten*cer, n.

Defn: One who pronounced a sentence or condemnation.

SENTENTIAL
sen*ten"tial, a.

1. Comprising sentences; as, a sentential translation. Abp. Newcome.

2. Of or pertaining to a sentence, or full period; as, a sentential
pause.

SENTENTIALLY
Sen*ten"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sentential manner.

SENTENTIARIST
Sen*ten"ti*a*rist, n.

Defn: A sententiary. Barnas Sears (Life of Luther).

SENTENTIARY
Sen*ten"ti*ary, n. Etym: [LL. sententiarius.]

Defn: One who read lectures, or commented, on the Sentences of Peter
Lombard, Bishop of Paris (1159-1160), a school divine. R. Henry.

SENTENTIOSITY
Sen*ten`ti*os"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sententious. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

SENTENTIOUS
Sen*ten"tious, a.Etym: [L. sentenciosus: cf. F. sentencieux.]

1. Abounding with sentences, axioms, and maxims; full of meaning;
terse and energetic in expression; pithy; as, a sententious style or
discourse; sententious truth.
How he apes his sire, Ambitiously sententious! Addison.

2. Comprising or representing sentences; sentential. [Obs.]
"Sententious marks." Grew. --- Sen*ten"tious*ly, adv.
 -- Sen*ten"tious*ness, n.

SENTERY
Sen"ter*y, n.

Defn: A sentry. [Obs.] Milton.

SENTEUR
Sen"teur, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Scent. [Obs.] Holland.

SENTIENCE; SENTIENCY
Sen"ti*ence, Sen"ti*en*cy, n. Etym: [See Sentient, Sentence.]

Defn: The quality or state of being sentient; esp., the quality or
state of having sensation. G. H. Lewes
An example of harmonious action between the intelligence and the
sentieny of the mind. Earle.

SENTIENT
Sen"ti*ent, a. Etym: [L. sentiens, -entis, p. pr. of sentire to
discern or perceive by the senses. See Sense.]

Defn: Having a faculty, or faculties, of sensation and perception.
Specif. (Physiol.), especially sensitive; as, the sentient
extremities of nerves, which terminate in the various organs or
tissues.

SENTIENT
Sen"ti*ent, n.

Defn: One who has the faculty of perception; a sentient being.

SENTIENTLY
Sen"ti*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sentient or perceptive way.

SENTIMENT
Sen"ti*ment, n. Etym: [OE. sentement, OF. sentement, F. sentiment,
fr. L. sentire to perceive by the senses and mind, to feel, to think.
See Sentient, a.]

1. A thought prompted by passion or feeling; a state of mind in view
of some subject; feeling toward or respecting some person or thing;
disposition prompting to action or expression.
The word sentiment, agreeably to the use made of it by our best
English writers, expresses, in my own opinion very happily, those
complex determinations of the mind which result from the coöperation
of our rational powers and of our moral feelings. Stewart.
Alike to council or the assembly came, With equal souls and
sentiments the same. Pope.

2. Hence, generally, a decision of the mind formed by deliberation or
reasoning; thought; opinion; notion; judgment; as, to express one's
sentiments on a subject.
Sentiments of philosophers about the perception of external objects.
Reid.
Sentiment, as here and elsewhere employed by Reid in the meaning of
opinion (sententia), is not to be imitated. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. A sentence, or passage, considered as the expression of a thought;
a maxim; a saying; a toast.

4. Sensibility; feeling; tender susceptibility.
Mr. Hume sometimes employs (after the manner of the French
metaphysicians) sentiment as synonymous with feeling; a use of the
word quite unprecedented in our tongue. Stewart.
Less of sentiment than sense. Tennyson.

Syn.
 -- Thought; opinion; notion; sensibility; feeling.
 -- Sentiment, Opinion, Feeling. An opinion is an intellectual
judgment in respect to any and every kind of truth. Feeling describes
those affections of pleasure and pain which spring from the exercise
of our sentient and emotional powers. Sentiment (particularly in the
plural) lies between them, denoting settled opinions or principles in
regard to subjects which interest the feelings strongly, and are
presented more or less constantly in practical life. Hence, it is
more appropriate to speak of our religious sentiments than opinions,
unless we mean to exclude all reference to our feelings. The word
sentiment, in the singular, leans ordinarily more to the side of
feeling, and denotes a refined sensibility on subjects affecting the
heart. "On questions of feeling, taste, observation, or report, we
define our sentiments. On questions of science, argument, or
metaphysical abstraction, we define our opinions. The sentiments of
the heart. The opinions of the mind . . . There is more of instinct
in sentiment, and more of definition in opinion. The admiration of a
work of art which results from first impressions is classed with our
sentiments; and, when we have accounted to ourselves for the
approbation, it is classed with our opinions." W. Taylor.

SENTIMENTAL
Sen`ti*men"tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sentimental.]

1. Having, expressing, or containing a sentiment or sentiments;
abounding with moral reflections; containing a moral reflection;
didactic. [Obsoles.]
Nay, ev'n each moral sentimental stroke, Where not the character, but
poet, spoke, He lopped, as foreign to his chaste design, Nor spared a
useless, though a golden line. Whitehead.

2. Inclined to sentiment; having an excess of sentiment or
sensibility; indulging the sensibilities for their own sake;
artificially or affectedly tender; -- often in a reproachful sense.
A sentimental mind is rather prone to overwrought feeling and
exaggerated tenderness. Whately.

3. Addressed or pleasing to the emotions only, usually to the weaker
and the unregulated emotions.

Syn.
 -- Romantic.
 -- Sentimental, Romantic. Sentimental usually describes an error or
excess of the sensibilities; romantic, a vice of the imagination. The
votary of the former gives indulgence to his sensibilities for the
mere luxury of their excitement; the votary of the latter allows his
imagination to rove for the pleasure of creating scenes of ideal
enjoiment. "Perhaps there is no less danger in works called
sentimental. They attack the heart more successfully, because more
cautiously." V. Knox. "I can not but look on an indifferency of mind,
as to the good or evil things of this life, as a mere romantic fancy
of such who would be thought to be much wiser than they ever were, or
could be." Bp. Stillingfleet.

SENTIMENTALISM
Sen`ti*men"tal*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sentimentalisme.]

Defn: The quality of being sentimental; the character or behavior of
a sentimentalist; sentimentality.

SENTIMENTALIST
Sen`ti*men"tal*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sentimentaliste.]

Defn: One who has, or affects, sentiment or fine feeling.

SENTIMENTALITY
Sen`ti*men*tal"i*ty, n. Etym: [CF. F. sentimentalité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being sentimental.

SENTIMENTALIZE
Sen`ti*men"tal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To regard in a sentimental manner; as, to sentimentalize a
subject.

SENTIMENTALIZE
Sen`ti*men"tal*ize, v. i.

Defn: To think or act in a sentimental manner, or like a
sentimentalist; to affect exquisite sensibility. C. Kingsley.

SENTIMENTALLY
Sen`ti*men"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sentimental manner.

SENTINE
Sen"tine, n. Etym: [L. sentina bilge water, hold of a ship, dregs:
cf. F. sentine.]

Defn: A place for dregs and dirt; a sink; a sewer. [Obs.] Latimer.

SENTINEL
Sen"ti*nel, n. Etym: [F. sentinelle (cf. It. sentinella); probably
originally, a litle path, the sentinel's beat,, and a dim. of a word
meaning, path; cf. F. sente path. L. semita; and OF. sentine,
sentele, senteret, diminutive words. Cf. Sentry.]

1. One who watches or guards; specifically (Mil.), a soldier set to
guard an army, camp, or other place, from surprise, to observe the
approach of danger, and give notice of it; a sentry.
The sentinels who paced the ramparts. Macaulay.

2. Watch; guard. [Obs.] "That princes do keep due sentinel." Bacon.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine crab (Podophthalmus vigil) native of the Indian Ocean,
remarkable for the great length of its eyestalks; -- called also
sentinel crab.

SENTINEL
Sen"ti*nel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sentineled or Sentinelled; p. pr. &
vb. n. Sentineling or Sentinelling.]

1. To watch over like a sentinel. "To sentinel enchanted land." [R.]
Sir W. Scott.

2. To furnish with a sentinel; to place under the guard of a sentinel
or sentinels.

SENTISECTION
Sen`ti*sec"tion, n. Etym: [L. sentire to feel + E. section.]

Defn: Painful vivisection; -- opposed to callisection. B. G. Wilder.

SENTRY
Sen"try, n.; pl. Sentires. Etym: [Probably from OF. senteret a little
patch; cf. F. sentier path, and OF. sente. See Sentinel.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A soldier placed on guard; a sentinel.

2. Guard; watch, as by a sentinel.
Here toils, and death, and death's half-brother, sleep, Forms
terrible to view, their sentry keep. Dryden.
Sentry box, a small house or box to cover a sentinel at his post, and
shelter him from the weather.

SENZA
Sen"za, prep. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Without; as, senza stromenti, without instruments.

SEOR
Se*ñor", n. [Sp.  Cf. Senior.]

Defn: A Spanish title of courtesy corresponding to the English Mr. or
Sir; also, a gentleman.

SEORA
Se*ño"ra, n. [Sp.]

Defn: A Spanish title of courtesy given to a lady; Mrs.; Madam; also,
a lady.

SEORITA
Se`ño*ri"ta, n. [Sp.]

Defn: A Spanish title of courtesy given to a young lady; Miss; also,
a young lady.

SEPAL
Se"pal, n. Etym: [NL. sepalum, formed in imitation of NL. petalum,
petal, to denote one of the divisions of the calyx: cf. F. sépale.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A leaf or division of the calyx.

Note: When the calyx consists of but one part, it is said to be
monosepalous; when of two parts, it is said to be disepalous; when of
a variable and indefinite number of parts, it is said to be
polysepalous; when of several parts united, it is properly called
gamosepalous.

SEPALED
Se"paled, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having one or more sepals.

SEPALINE
Sep"al*ine, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Relating to, or having the nature of, sepals.

SEPALODY
Se*pal"o*dy, n. Etym: [Sepal + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The metamorphosis of other floral organs into sepals or
sepaloid bodies.

SEPALOID
Sep"al*oid, a. Etym: [Sepal + -oid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Like a sepal, or a division of a calyx.

SEPALOUS
Sep"al*ous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having, or relating to, sepals; -- used mostly in composition.
See under Sepal.

SEPARABILITY
Sep`a*ra*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Quality of being separable or divisible; divisibility;
separableness.

SEPARABLE
Sep"a*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. separabilis: cf. F. séparable.]

Defn: Capable of being separated, disjoined, disunited, or divided;
as, the separable parts of plants; qualities not separable from the
substance in which they exist.
 -- Sep"a*ra*ble*ness, n.
 -- Sep"a*ra*bly, adv.
Trials permit me not to doubt of the separableness of a yellow
tincture from gold. Boyle.

SEPARATE
Sep"a*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Separated (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Separating.] Etym: [L. separatus, p. p. of separare to separate;
pfref. se- aside + parare to make ready, prepare. See Parade, and cf.
Sever.]

1. To disunite; to divide; to disconnect; to sever; to part in any
manner.
From the fine gold I separate the alloy. Dryden.
Separate thyself, I pray thee, from me. Gen. xiii. 9.
Who shall separate us from the love of Christ Rom. viii. 35.

2. To come between; to keep apart by occupying the space between; to
lie between; as, the Mediterranean Sea separates Europe and Africa.

3. To set apart; to select from among others, as for a special use or
service.
Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called
thaem. Acts xiii. 2.
Separated flowers (Bot.), flowers which have stamens and pistils in
separate flowers; diclinous flowers. Gray.

SEPARATE
Sep"a*rate, v. i.

Defn: To part; to become disunited; to be disconnected; to withdraw
from one another; as, the family separated.

SEPARATE
Sep"a*rate, p. a. Etym: [L. separatus, p. p. ]

1. Divided from another or others; disjoined; disconnected;
separated; -- said of things once connected.
Him that was separate from his brethren. Gen. xlix. 26.

2. Unconnected; not united or associated; distinct; -- said of things
that have not been connected.
For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled,
separate from sinnere. Heb. vii. 26.

3. Disunited from the body; disembodied; as, a separate spirit; the
separate state of souls. Separate estate (Law), an estate limited to
a married woman independent of her husband.
 -- Separate maintenance (Law), an allowance made to a wife by her
husband under deed of separation.
 -- Sep"a*rate*ly, adv.
 -- Sep"a*rate*ness, n.

SEPARATICAL
Sep`a*rat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to separatism in religion; schismatical. [R.]
Dr. T. Dwight.

SEPARATING
Sep"a*ra`ting, a.

Defn: Designed or employed to separate. Separating funnel (Chem.), a
funnel, often globe-shaped, provided with a stopcock for the separate
drawing off of immiscible liquids of different specific gravities.

SEPARATION
Sep`a*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. separatio: cf. F. séparation.]

Defn: The act of separating, or the state of being separated, or
separate. Specifically:
(a) Chemical analysis.
(b) Divorce.
(c) (Steam Boilers) The operation of removing water from steam.
Judicial separation (Law), a form of divorce; a separation of man and
wife which has the effect of making each a single person for all
legal purposes but without ability to contract a new marriage. Mozley
& W.

SEPARATISM
Sep"a*ra*tism, n. Etym: [CF. F. séparatisme.]

Defn: The character or act of a separatist; disposition to withdraw
from a church; the practice of so withdrawing.

SEPARATIST
Sep`a*ra*tist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. séparatiste.]

Defn: One who withdraws or separates himself; especially, one who
withdraws from a church to which he has belonged; a seceder from an
established church; a dissenter; a nonconformist; a schismatic; a
sectary.
Heavy fines on divines who should preach in any meeting of separatist
. Macaulay.

SEPARATISTIC
Sep`a*ra*tis"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to separatists; characterizing separatists;
schismatical.

SEPARATIVE
Sep"a*ra*tive, a. Etym: [L. separativus.]

Defn: Causing, or being to cause, separation. "Separative virtue of
extreme cold." Boyle.

SEPARATOR
Sep"a*ra`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who, or that which, separates. Specifically:
(a) (Steam Boilers) A device for depriving steam of particles of
water mixed with it.
(b) (Mining) An apparatus for sorting pulverized ores into grades, or
separating them from gangue. (c) (Weaving)

Defn: An instrument used for spreading apart the threads of the warp
in the loom, etc.

SEPARATORY
Sep"a*ra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Separative. Cheyne.

SEPARATORY
Sep"a*ra*to*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. séparatoire.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus used in separating, as a separating funnel.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: A surgical instrument for separating the pericranium from the
cranium. [Obs.]

SEPARATRIX
Sep`a*ra"trix, n.; pl. L. -trices, E. -trixes. Etym: [L., she that
separates.] (Arith.)

Defn: The decimal point; the dot placed at the left of a decimal
fraction, to separate it from the whole number which it follows. The
term is sometimes also applied to other marks of separation.

SEPAWN
Se*pawn", n.

Defn: See Supawn. [Local, U.S.]

SEPELIBLE
Sep"e*li*ble, a. Etym: [L. sepelibilis, fr. sepelire to bury.]

Defn: Admitting of burial. [Obs.] Bailey.

SEPELITION
Sep`e*li"tion, n.

Defn: Burial. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

SEPHARDIC
Se*phar"dic, a. [From Sephardim, a name applied to the Spanish Jews,
fr. Sephard, name of a place where Jews were held in captivity (Ob.
20).]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, the Jews (the Sephardim,
also called Spanish or Portuguese Jews) descended from Jewish
families driven from Spain by the Inquisition.

SEPHARDIM
Se*phar"dim, n. pl. [NHeb.; orig. uncert.]

Defn: Jews who are descendants of the former Jews of Spain and
Portugal. They are as a rule darker than the northern Jews, and have
more delicate features.

SEPHEN
Se"phen, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large sting ray of the genus Trygon, especially T. sephen of
the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. The skin is an article of commerce.

SEPIA
Se"pi*a, n.; pl. E. Sepias, L. Sepiæ. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) The common European cuttlefish.
(b) A genus comprising the common cuttlefish and numerous similar
species. See Illustr. under Cuttlefish.

2. A pigment prepared from the ink, or black secretion, of the sepia,
or cuttlefish. Treated with caustic potash, it has a rich brown
color; and this mixed with a red forms Roman sepia. Cf. India ink,
under India. Sepia drawing or picture, a drawing in monochrome, made
in sepia alone, or in sepia with other brown pigments.

SEPIA
Se"pi*a, a.

Defn: Of a dark brown color, with a little red in its composition;
also, made of, or done in, sepia.

SEPIC
Se"pic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to sepia; done in sepia; as, a sepic drawing.

SEPIDACEOUS
Sep`i*da"ceous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the cuttlefishes of the genus Sepia.

SEPIMENT
Sep"i*ment, n. Etym: [L. sepimentum, saepimentum, from sepire,
saepire, to hedge in.]

Defn: Something that separates; a hedge; a fence. [R.] Bailey.

SEPIOLITE
Se"pi*o*lite`, n. Etym: [Septa + -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: Meerschaum. See Meerschaum.

SEPIOSTARE
Se"pi*o*stare`, n. Etym: [Sepia + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bone or shell of cuttlefish. See Illust. under Cuttlefish.

SEPON
Se*pon", n.

Defn: See Supawn. [Local, U.S.]

SEPOSE
Se*pose", v. t. Etym: [L. pref se- aside + E. pose.]

Defn: To set apart. [Obs.] Donne.

SEPOSIT
Se*pos"it, v. t. Etym: [L. sepositus, p. p. of seponere to set
aside.]

Defn: To set aside; to give up. [Obs.]

SEPOSITION
Sep`o*si"tion (, n. Etym: [L. sepositio.]

Defn: The act of setting aside, or of giving up. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

SEPOY
Se"poy, n. Etym: [Per. sipahi, fr. sipah an army. Cf. Spahi.]

Defn: A native of India employed as a soldier in the service of a
European power, esp. of Great Britain; an Oriental soldier
disciplined in the European manner.

SEPPUKU
Sep*pu"ku, n.

Defn: Same as Hara-kiri.
Seppuku, or hara-kiri, also came into vogue. W. E. Griffis.

SEPSIN
Sep"sin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A soluble poison (ptomaine) present in putrid blood. It is also
formed in the putrefaction of proteid matter in general.

SEPSIS
Sep"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The poisoning of the system by the introduction of putrescent
material into the blood.

SEPT
Sept, n. Etym: [A corruption of sect, n.]

Defn: A clan, tribe, or family, proceeding from a common progenitor;
-- used especially of the ancient clans in Ireland.
The chief, struck by the illustration, asked at once to be baptized,
and all his sept followed his example. S. Lover.

SEPTAEMIA
Sep*tæ"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Septicæmia.

SEPTAL
Sep"tal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a septum or septa, as of a coral or a
shell.

SEPTANE
Sep"tane, n. Etym: [L. septem seven.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Heptane. [R.]

SEPTANGLE
Sep"tan`gle, n. Etym: [Septi- + angle.] (Geom.)

Defn: A figure which has seven angles; a heptagon. [R.]

SEPTANGULAR
Sep*tan"gu*lar, a.

Defn: Heptagonal.

SEPTARIUM
Sep*ta"ri*um, n.;pl. Septaria. Etym: [NL., fr. L. septum, saeptum, an
inclosure, a partition, fr. sepire, saepire, to inclose.] (Geol.)

Defn: A flattened concretionary nodule, usually of limestone,
intersected within by cracks which are often filled with calcite,
barite, or other minerals.

SEPTATE
Sep"tate, a. Etym: [L. septum, saeptum, partition.]

Defn: Divided by partition or partitions; having septa; as, a septate
pod or shell.

SEPTEMBER
Sep*tem"ber, n. Etym: [L., fr. septem seven, as being the seventh
month of the Roman year, which began with March: cf. F. septembre.
See Seven.]

Defn: The ninth month of the year, containing thurty days.

SEPTEMBERER
Sep*tem"ber*er, n.

Defn: A Setembrist. Carlyle.

SEPTEMBRIST
Sep*tem"brist, n. Etym: [F. septembriste.]

Defn: An agent in the massacres in Paris, committed in patriotic
frenzy, on the 22d of September, 1792.

SEPTEMFLUOUS
Sep*tem"flu*ous, a.Etym: [L. septemfluus; septem seven + fluere to
flow.]

Defn: Flowing sevenfold; divided into seven streams or currents. [R.]
Fuller.

SEPTEMPARTITE
Sep*tem"par*tite, a. Etym: [L. septem seven + E. partite.]

Defn: Divided nearly to the base into seven parts; as, a
septempartite leaf.

SEPTEMTRIOUN
Sep*tem"tri*oun, n.

Defn: Septentrion. [Obs.]

SEPTEMVIR
Sep*tem"vir, n.; pl. E. Septemvirs, L. Septemviri. Etym: [L.
septemviri, pl.; septem seven + viri, pl. of vir man.] (Rom. Hist.)

Defn: One of a board of seven men associated in some office.

SEPTEMVIRATE
Sep*tem"vi*rate, n.Etym: [L. septemviratus.]

Defn: The office of septemvir; a government by septimvirs.

SEPTENARY
Sep"ten*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. septenairus, from septeni seven each,
septem seven: cf. F. septénaire. See Seven. ]

1. Consisting of, or relating to, seven; as, a septenary number. I.
Watts.

2. Lasting seven years; continuing seven years. "Septenary penance."
Fuller.

SEPTENARY
Sep"ten*a*ry, n.

Defn: The number seven. [R.] Holinshed.

SEPTENATE
Sep"ten*ate, a. Etym: [L. septeni seven each.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having parts in sevens; heptamerous.

SEPTENNATE
Sep*ten"nate, n. Etym: [F. septennat.]

Defn: A period of seven years; as, the septennate during which the
President of the French Republic holds office.

SEPTENNIAL
Sep*ten"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. septennium a period of seven years;
septem seven + annus year. See Seven, and Annual.]

1. Lasting or continuing seven years; as, septennial parliaments.

2. Happening or returning once in every seven years; as, septennial
elections in England.

SEPTENNIALLY
Sep*ten"ni*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Once in seven years.

SEPTENTRIAL
Sep*ten"tri*al, a.

Defn: Septentrional. Drayton.

SEPTENTRIO
Sep*ten"tri*o, n. Etym: [L. See Septentrion.] (Astron.)

Defn: The constellation Ursa Major.

SEPTENTRION
Sep*ten"tri*on, n. Etym: [L. septentrio the northern regions, the
north, fr. septentriones the seven stars near the north pole, called
Charles's Wain, or the Great Bear, also those called the Little Bear;
properly, the seven plow oxen; septem seven + trio, orig., a plow ox:
cf. F. septentrion.]

Defn: The north or northern regions. Shak.
Both East West, South and Septentrioun. Chaucer.

SEPTENTRION; SEPTENTRIONAL
Sep*ten"tri*on, Sep*ten"tri*on*al, a. Etym: [L. septentrionalis: cf.
F. septentrional.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the north; northern. "From cold septentrion
blasts." Milton.

SEPTENTRIONALITY
Sep*ten`tri*on*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: Northerliness.

SEPTENTRIONALLY
Sep*ten"tri*on*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Northerly.

SEPTENTRIONATE
Sep*ten"tri*on*ate, v. i.

Defn: To tend or point toward the north; to north. Sir T. Browne.

SEPTET; SEPTETTE
Sep*tet", Sep*tette", n. Etym: [From L. septem seven, like duet, from
L. duo.]

1. A set of seven persons or objects; as, a septet of singers.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A musical composition for seven instruments or seven voices; --
called also septuor.

SEPTFOIL
Sept"foil, n. Etym: [F. sept seven (L. septem) + E. foil leaf: cf. L.
septifolium.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A European herb, the tormentil. See Tormentil.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornamental foliation having seven lobes. Cf. Cinquefoil,
Quarterfoil, and Trefoil.

3. (Eccl.Art.)

Defn: A typical figure, consisting of seven equal segments of a
circle, used to denote the gifts of the Holy Chost, the seven
sacraments as recognized by the Roman Catholic Church, etc. [R.]

SEPTI-
Sep"ti-, Etym: [L. septem seven.]

Defn: A combining form meaning seven; as, septifolious, seven-leaved;
septi-lateral, seven-sided.

SEPTIC
Sep"tic, a. Etym: [Septi- + -ic.] (Math.)

Defn: Of the seventh degree or order.
 -- n. (Alg.)

Defn: A quantic of the seventh degree.

SEPTIC; SEPTICAL
Sep"tic, Sep"tic*al, a. Etym: [L. septicus, Gr. septique.]

Defn: Having power to promote putrefaction.

SEPTIC
Sep"tic, n.

Defn: A substance that promotes putrefaction.

SEPTICAEMIA
Sep`ti*cæ"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A poisoned condition of the blood produced by the absorption
into it of septic or putrescent material; blood poisoning. It is
marked by chills, fever, prostration, and inflammation of the
different serous membranes and of the lungs, kidneys, and other
organs.

SEPTICALLY
Sep"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a septic manner; in a manner tending to promote
putrefaction.

SEPTICIDAL
Sep"ti*ci`dal, a. Etym: [Septum + L. caedere to cut: cf. F.
septicide.] (Bot.)

Defn: Dividing the partitions; -- said of a method of dehiscence in
which a pod splits through the partitions and is divided into its
component carpels.

SEPTICITY
Sep*tic"i*ty, n. Etym: [See Septic.]

Defn: Tendency to putrefaction; septic quality.

SEPTIFARIOUS
Sep`ti*fa"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. septifariam sevenfold. Cf. Bifarious.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Turned in seven different ways.

SEPTIFEROUS
Sep*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Septum + -ferous: cf. F. septifère.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing a partition; -- said of the valves of a capsule.

SEPTIFEROUS
Sep*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. -ferous.]

Defn: Conveying putrid poison; as, the virulence of septiferous
matter.

SEPTIFLUOUS
Sep*tif"lu*ous, a. Etym: [CF. Septemfluous.]

Defn: Flowing in seven streams; septemfluous.

SEPTIFOLIOUS
Sep`ti*fo"li*ous, a. Etym: [Septi- + L. folium leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having seven leaves.

SEPTIFORM
Sep"ti*form, a. Etym: [Septum + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of a septum.

SEPTIFRAGAL
Sep*tif"ra*gal, a. Etym: [Septum + L. frangere, fractum, to break.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Breaking from the partitions; -- said of a method of dehiscence
in which the valves of a pod break away from the partitions, and
these remain attached to the common axis.

SEPTILATERAL
Sep`ti*lat"er*al, a. Etym: [Septi- + lateral.]

Defn: Having seven sides; as, a septilateral figure.

SEPTILLION
Sep*til"lion, n. Etym: [F. septilion, formed fr. L. septem seven, in
imitation of million.]

Defn: According to the French method of numeration (which is followed
also in the United States), the number expressed by a unit with
twenty-four ciphers annexed. According to the English method, the
number expressed by a unit with forty-two ciphers annexed. See
Numeration.

SEPTIMOLE
Sep"ti*mole, n. Etym: [L. septem seven.] (Mus.)

Defn: A group of seven notes to be played in the time of four or six.

SEPTINSULAR
Sep*tin"su*lar, a. Etym: [Septi- + insular.]

Defn: Consisting of seven islands; as, the septinsular republic of
the Ionian Isles.

SEPTISYLLABLE
Sep"ti*syl`la*ble, n. Etym: [Septi- + syllable.]

Defn: A word of seven syllables.

SEPTOIC
Sep*to"ic, a. Etym: [L. septem seven.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Heptoic. [R.]

SEPTOMAXILLARY
Sep`to*max"il*la*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the nasal septum and the maxilla; situated
in the region of these parts.
 -- n.

Defn: A small bone between the nasal septum and the maxilla in many
reptiles and amphibians.

SEPTUAGENARIAN
Sep`tu*a*ge*na"ri*an, n.

Defn: A person who is seventy years of age; a septuagenary.

SEPTUAGENARY
Sep`tu*ag"e*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. septuagenarius, fr. septuageny
seventy each; akin to septuaginta seventy, septem seven. See Seven.]

Defn: Consisting of seventy; also, seventy years old.
 -- n.

Defn: A septuagenarian.

SEPTUAGESIMA
Sep`tu*a*ges"i*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. septuagesimus the
seventieth, fr. septuaginta seventy.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The third Sunday before Lent; -- so called because it is about
seventy days before Easter.

SEPTUAGESIMAL
Sep`tu*a*ges"i*mal, a.

Defn: Consisting of seventy days, years, etc.; reckoned by seventies.
Our abridged and septuagesimal age. Sir T. Browne.

SEPTUAGINT
Sep"tu*a*gint, n. Etym: [From L. septuaginta seventy.]

Defn: A Greek version of the Old Testament; -- so called because it
was believed to be the work of seventy (or rather of seventy-two)
translators.

Note: The causes which produced it [the Septuagint], the number and
names of the translators, the times at which different portions were
translated, are all uncertain. The only point in which all agree is
that Alexandria was the birthplace of the version. On one other point
there is a near agreement, namely, as to time, that the version was
made, or at least commenced, in the time of the early Ptolemies, in
the first half of the third century b.c. Dr. W. Smith (Bib. Dict.)
Septuagint chronology, the chronology founded upon the dates of the
Septuagint, which makes 1500 years more from the creation to Abraham
than the Hebrew Bible.

SEPTUARY
Sep"tu*a*ry, n. Etym: [L. septem seven.]

Defn: Something composed of seven; a week. [R.] Ash.

SEPTULATE
Sep"tu*late, a. Etym: [Dim. fr. septum.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having imperfect or spurious septa.

SEPTULUM
Sep"tu*lum, n.; pl. Septula. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. septum septum.]
(Anat.)

Defn: A little septum; a division between small cavities or parts.

SEPTUM
Sep"tum, n.; pl. Septa. Etym: [L. septum, saeptum, an inclosure,
hedge, fence, fr. sepire, saepire, to hedge in, inclose.]

1. A wall separating two cavities; a partition; as, the nasal septum.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A partition that separates the cells of a fruit.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the radial calcareous plates of a coral.
(b) One of the transverse partitions dividing the shell of a mollusk,
or of a rhizopod, into several chambers. See Illust. under Nautilus.
(c) One of the transverse partitions dividing the body cavity of an
annelid.

SEPTUOR
Sep"tu*or, n. Etym: [F.] (Mus.)

Defn: A septet.

SEPTUPLE
Sep"tu*ple, a. Etym: [LL. septuplus; cf. Gr. septuple. Cf. Double,
Quadruple.]

Defn: Seven times as much; multiplied by seven; sevenfold.

SEPTUPLE
Sep"tu*ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Septupled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Septupling.]

Defn: To multiply by seven; to make sevenfold. Sir J. Herschel.

SEPULCHER; SEPULCHRE
Sep"ul*cher, Sep"ul*chre, n. Etym: [OE. sepulcre, OF. sepulcre, F.
sépulcre, fr. L. sepulcrum, sepulchrum, fr. sepelire to bury.]

Defn: The place in which the dead body of a human being is interred,
or a place set apart for that purpose; a grave; a tomb.
The stony entrance of this sepulcher. Shak.
The first day of the week cometh Mary Magdalene early, when it was
yet dark, unto the sepulcher. John xx. 1.
A whited sepulcher. Fig.: Any person who is fair outwardly but
unclean or vile within. See Matt. xxiii.27.

SEPULCHER; SEPULCHRE
Sep"ul*cher, Sep"ul*chre, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sepulchered or
Sepulchred (; p. pr. & vb. n. Sepulchering or Sepulchring (.]

Defn: To bury; to inter; to entomb; as, obscurely sepulchered.
And so sepulchered in such pomp dost lie That kings for such a tomb
would wish to die. Milton.

SEPULCHRAL
Se*pul"chral, a. Etym: [L. sepulcralis: cf. F. sépulcral.]

1. Of or pertaining to burial, to the grave, or to monuments erected
to the memory of the dead; as, a sepulchral stone; a sepulchral
inscription.

2. Unnaturally low and grave; hollow in tone; -- said of sound,
especially of the voice.
This exaggerated dulling of the voice . . . giving what is commonly
called a sepulchral tone. H. Sweet.

SEPULTURE
Sep"ul*ture, n. Etym: [F. sépulture, L. sepultura, fr. sepelire,
sepultum, to bury.]

1. The act of depositing the dead body of a human being in the grave;
burial; interment.
Where we may royal sepulture prepare. Dryden.

2. A sepulcher; a grave; a place of burial.
Drunkeness that the horrible sepulture of man's reason. Chaucer.

SEQUACIOUS
Se*qua"cious, a. Etym: [L. sequax, -acis, fr. suquit to follow. See
Sue to follow. ]

1. Inclined to follow a leader; following; attendant.
Trees uprooted left their place, Sequacious of the lyre. Dryden.

2. Hence, ductile; malleable; pliant; manageable.
In the greater bodies the forge was easy, the matter being ductile
and sequacious. Ray.

3. Having or observing logical sequence; logically consistent and
rigorous; consecutive in development or transition of thought.
The scheme of pantheistic omniscience so prevalent among the
sequacious thinkers of the day. Sir W. Hamilton.
Milton was not an extensive or discursive thinker, as Shakespeare
was; for the motions of his mind were slow, solemn, and sequacious,
like those of the planets. De Quincey.

SEQUACIOUSNESS
Se*qua"cious*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being sequacious.

SEQUACITY
Se*quac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. sequacitas.]

Defn: Quality or state of being sequacious; sequaciousness. Bacon.

SEQUEL
Se"quel, n. Etym: [L. sequela, fr. sequit to follow: cf. F. séquelle
a following. See Sue to follow.]

1. That which follows; a succeeding part; continuation; as, the
sequel of a man's advantures or history.
O, let me say no more! Gather the sequel by that went before. Shak.

2. Consequence; event; effect; result; as, let the sun cease, fail,
or swerve, and the sequel would be ruin.

3. Conclusion; inference. [R.] Whitgift.

SEQUELA
Se*que"la, n.; pl. Sequelæ. Etym: [L., a follower, a result, from
sequit to follow.]

Defn: One who, or that which, follows. Specifically:
(a) An adherent, or a band or sect of adherents. "Coleridge and his
sequela." G. P. Marsh.
(b) That which follows as the logical result of reasoning; inference;
conclusion; suggestion.
Sequelæ, or thoughts suggested by the preceding aphorisms. Coleridge.
(c) (Med.)

Defn: A morbid phenomenon left as the result of a disease; a disease
resulting from another.

SEQUENCE
Se"quence, n. Etym: [F. séquence, L. sequentia, fr. sequens. See
Sequent.]

1. The state of being sequent; succession; order of following;
arrangement.
How art thou a king But by fair sequence and succession Shak.
Sequence and series of the seasons of the year. Bacon.

2. That which follows or succeeds as an effect; sequel; consequence;
result.
The inevitable sequences of sin and punishment. Bp. Hall.

3. (Philos.)

Defn: Simple succession, or the coming after in time, without
asserting or implying causative energy; as, the reactions of chemical
agents may be conceived as merely invariable sequences.

4. (Mus.)
(a) Any succession of chords (or harmonic phrase) rising or falling
by the regular diatonic degrees in the same scale; a succession of
similar harmonic steps.
(b) A melodic phrase or passage successively repeated one tone
higher; a rosalia.

5. (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: A hymn introduced in the Mass on certain festival days, and
recited or sung immediately before the gospel, and after the gradual
or introit, whence the name. Bp. Fitzpatrick.
Originally the sequence was called a Prose, because its early form
was rhythmical prose. Shipley.

6. (Card Playing)
(a) (Whist) Three or more cards of the same suit in immediately
consecutive order of value; as, ace, king, and queen; or knave, ten,
nine, and eight.
(b) (Poker) All five cards, of a hand, in consecutive order as to
value, but not necessarily of the same suit; when of one suit, it is
called a sequence flush.

SEQUENT
Se"quent, a. Etym: [L. sequens, -entis, p. pr. of sequi to follow.
See Sue to follow.]

1. Following; succeeding; in continuance.
What to this was sequent Thou knowest already. Shak.

2. Following as an effect; consequent.

SEQUENT
Se"quent, n.

1. A follower. [R.] Shak.

2. That which follows as a result; a sequence.

SEQUENTIAL
Se*quen"tial, a.

Defn: Succeeding or following in order.
 -- Se*quen"tial*ly, adv.

SEQUESTER
Se*ques"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sequestered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sequestering.] Etym: [F. séquestrer, L. sequestrare to give up for
safe keeping, from sequester a depositary or trustee in whose hands
the thing contested was placed until the dispute was settled. Cf.
Sequestrate.]

1. (Law)

Defn: To separate from the owner for a time; to take from parties in
controversy and put into the possession of an indifferent person; to
seize or take possession of, as property belonging to another, and
hold it till the profits have paid the demand for which it is taken,
or till the owner has performed the decree of court, or clears
himself of contempt; in international law, to confiscate.
Formerly the goods of a defendant in chancery were, in the last
resort, sequestered and detained to enforce the decrees of the court.
And now the profits of a benefice are sequestered to pay the debts of
ecclesiastics. Blackstone.

2. To cause (one) to submit to the process of sequestration; to
deprive (one) of one's estate, property, etc.
It was his tailor and his cook, his fine fashions and his French
ragouts, which sequestered him. South.

3. To set apart; to put aside; to remove; to separate from other
things.
I had wholly sequestered my civil affairss. Bacon.

4. To cause to retire or withdraw into obscurity; to seclude; to
withdraw; -- often used reflexively.
When men most sequester themselves from action. Hooker.
A love and desire to sequester a man's self for a higher
conversation. Bacon.

SEQUESTER
Se*ques"ter, v. i.

1. To withdraw; to retire. [Obs.]
To sequester out of the world into Atlantic and Utopian politics.
Milton.

2. (Law)

Defn: To renounce (as a widow may) any concern with the estate of her
husband.

SEQUESTER
Se*ques"ter, n.

1. Sequestration; separation. [R.]

2. (Law)

Defn: A person with whom two or more contending parties deposit the
subject matter of the controversy; one who mediates between two
parties; a mediator; an umpire or referee. Bouvier.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Sequestrum.

SEQUESTERED
Se*ques"tered, a.

Defn: Retired; secluded. "Sequestered scenes." Cowper.
Along the cool, sequestered vale of life. Gray.

SEQUESTRABLE
Se*ques"tra*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being sequestered; subject or liable to
sequestration.

SEQUESTRAL
Se*ques"tral, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a sequestrum. Quian.

SEQUESTRATE
Se*ques"trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sequestrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sequestrating.]

Defn: To sequester.

SEQUESTRATION
Seq`ues*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. sequestratio: cf. F. séquestration.]

1.
(a) (Civil & Com. Law) The act of separating, or setting aside, a
thing in controversy from the possession of both the parties that
contend for it, to be delivered to the one adjudged entitled to it.
It may be voluntary or involuntary.
(b) (Chancery) A prerogative process empowering certain commissioners
to take and hold a defendant's property and receive the rents and
profits thereof, until he clears himself of a contempt or performs a
decree of the court.
(c) (Eccl. Law) A kind of execution for a rent, as in the case of a
beneficed clerk, of the profits of a benefice, till he shall have
satisfied some debt established by decree; the gathering up of the
fruits of a benefice during a vacancy, for the use of the next
incumbent; the disposing of the goods, by the ordinary, of one who is
dead, whose estate no man will meddle with. Craig. Tomlins. Wharton.
(d) (Intrnat. Law) The seizure of the property of an individual for
the use of the state; particularly applied to the seizure, by a
belligerent power, of debts due from its subjects to the enemy.
Burrill.

2. The state of being separated or set aside; separation; retirement;
seclusion from society.
Since Henry Monmouth first began to reign, . . . This loathsome
sequestration have I had. Shak.

3. Disunion; disjunction. [Obs.] Boyle.

SEQUESTRATOR
Seq"ues*tra`tor, n. Etym: [L., one that hinders or impedes.] (Law)
(a) One who sequesters property, or takes the possession of it for a
time, to satisfy a demand out of its rents or profits.
(b) One to whom the keeping of sequestered property is committed.

SEQUESTRUM
Se*ques"trum, n.; pl. Sequestra. Etym: [NL. See Sequester.] (Med.)

Defn: A portion of dead bone which becomes separated from the sound
portion, as in necrosis.

SEQUIN
Se"quin, n. Etym: [F. sequin, It. zecchino, from zecca the mint, fr.
Ar. sekkah, sikkah, a die, a stamp. Cf. Zechin.]

Defn: An old gold coin of Italy and Turkey. It was first struck at
Venice about the end of the 13th century, and afterward in the other
Italian cities, and by the Levant trade was introduced into Turkey.
It is worth about 9s. 3d. sterling, or about $2.25. The different
kinds vary somewhat in value. [Written also chequin, and zequin.]

SEQUOIA
Se*quoi"a, n. Etym: [NL. So called by Dr. Endlicher in honor of
Sequoyah, who invented the Cherokee alphabet.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of coniferous trees, consisting of two species, Sequoia
Washingtoniana, syn. S. gigantea, the "big tree" of California, and
S. sempervirens, the redwood, both of which attain an immense height.

SEQUOIENE
Se*quoi"ëne, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon (C13H10) obtained in white fluorescent crystals,
in the distillation products of the needles of the California "big
tree" (Sequoia gigantea).

SERAC
Sé`rac", n. [F. (in the Alps), orig., a kind of solid cheese.]

Defn: A pinnacle of ice among the crevasses of a glacier; also, one
of the blocks into which a glacier breaks on a steep grade.

SERAGLIO
Se*ragl"io, n. Etym: [It. serraglio, originally, an inclosure of
palisades, afterwards also, a palace, seraglio (by confusion with
Per. sera\'8ba a palace, an entirely different word), fr. serrare to
shut, fr. LL. serra a bar for fastening doors, L. sera. See Serry,
Series.]

1. An inclosure; a place of separation. [Obs.]
I went to the Ghetto, where the Jews dwell as in a suburb, by
themselves. I passed by the piazza Judea, where their seraglio
begins. Evelyn.

2. The palace of the Grand Seignior, or Turkish sultan, at
Constantinople, inhabited by the sultan himself, and all the officers
and dependents of his court. In it are also kept the females of the
harem.

3. A harem; a place for keeping wives or concubines; sometimes,
loosely, a place of licentious pleasure; a house of debauchery.

SERAI
Se*ra"i, n. Etym: [Per. sera\'8b, or saraï, a palace, a king's court,
a seraglio, an inn. Cf. Caravansary.]

Defn: A palace; a seraglio; also, in the East, a place for the
accommodation of travelers; a caravansary, or rest house.

SERALBUMEN
Ser`al*bu"men, n. (Physiol. CHem.)

Defn: Serum albumin.

SERANG
Se*rang", n. Etym: [Per. sarhang a commander.]

Defn: The boatswain of a Lascar or East Ondian crew.

SERAPE
Se*ra"pe, n. Etym: [Sp. Amer. sarape.]

Defn: A blanket or shawl worn as an outer garment by the Spanish
Americans, as in Mexico.

SERAPH
Ser"aph, n.; pl. E. Seraphs, Heb. Seraphim. Etym: [Heb. seraphim,
pl.]

Defn: One of an order of celestial beings, each having three pairs of
wings. In ecclesiastical art and in poetry, a seraph is represented
as one of a class of angels. Isa. vi. 2.
As full, as perfect, in vile man that mourns, As the rapt seraph that
adores and burns. Pope.
Seraph moth (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of geometrid moths
of the genus Lobophora, having the hind wings deeply bilobed, so that
they seem to have six wings.

SERAPHIC; SERAPHICAL
Se*raph"ic, Se*raph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. séraphique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a seraph; becoming, or suitable to, a
seraph; angelic; sublime; pure; refined. "Seraphic arms and
trophies." Milton. "Seraphical fervor." Jer. Taylor.
 -- Se*raph"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Se*raph"ic*al*ness, n.

SERAPHICISM
Se*raph"i*cism, n.

Defn: The character, quality, or state of a seraph; seraphicalness.
[R.] Cudworth.

SERAPHIM
Ser"a*phim, n.

Defn: The Hebrew plural of Seraph. Cf. Cherubim.

Note: The double plural form seraphims is sometimes used, as in the
King James version of the Bible, Isa. vi. 2 and 6.

SERAPHINA
Ser`a*phi"na, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A seraphine.

SERAPHINE
Ser"a*phine, n. Etym: [From Seraph.] (Mus.)

Defn: A wind instrument whose sounding parts are reeds, consisting of
a thin tongue of brass playing freely through a slot in a plate. It
has a case, like a piano, and is played by means of a similar
keybord, the bellows being worked by the foot. The melodeon is a
portable variety of this instrument.

SERAPIS
Se*ra"pis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Myth.)

Defn: An Egyptian deity, at first a symbol of the Nile, and so of
fertility; later, one of the divinities of the lower world. His
worship was introduced into Greece and Rome.

SERASKIER
Se*ras"kier, n. Etym: [Turk., fr. Per. ser head, chief + Ar. 'asker
an army.]

Defn: A general or commander of land forces in the Turkish empire;
especially, the commander-in-chief of minister of war.

SERASKIERATE
Se*ras"kier*ate, n.

Defn: The office or authority of a seraskier.

SERBONIAN
Ser*bo"ni*an, a.

Defn: Relating to the lake of Serbonis in Egypt, which by reason of
the sand blowing into it had a deceptive appearance of being solid
land, but was a bog.
A gulf profound as that Serbonian bog . . . Where armies whole have
sunk. Milton.

SERE
Sere, a.

Defn: Dry; withered. Same as Sear.
But with its sound it shook the sails That were so thin and sere.
Coleridge.

SERE
Sere, n. Etym: [F. serre.]

Defn: Claw; talon. [Obs.] Chapman.

SEREIN
Se*rein", n. Etym: [F. Cf. Serenade, n.] (Meteorol.)

Defn: A mist, or very fine rain, which sometimes falls from a clear
sky a few moments after sunset. Tyndall.

SERENADE
Ser`*enade", n. Etym: [F. sérénade, It. serenata, probably fr. L.
serenus serene (cf. Serene), misunderstood as a derivative fr. L.
serus late. Cf. Soirée.] (Mus.)
(a) Music sung or performed in the open air at nights; -- usually
applied to musical entertainments given in the open air at night,
especially by gentlemen, in a spirit of gallantry, under the windows
of ladies.
(b) A piece of music suitable to be performed at such times.

SERENADE
Ser`e*nade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Serenaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Serenading.]

Defn: To entertain with a serenade.

SERENADE
Ser`e*nade", v. i.

Defn: To perform a serenade.

SERENADER
Ser`e*nad"er, n.

Defn: One who serenades.

SERENATA; SERENATE
Ser`e*na"ta, Ser"e*nate, n. Etym: [It. serenata. See Serenade.]
(Mus.)

Defn: A piece of vocal music, especially one on an amoreus subject; a
serenade.
Or serenate, which the starved lover sings To his pround fair.
Milton.

Note: The name serenata was given by Italian composers in the time of
Handel, and by Handel himself, to a cantata of a pastoreal of
dramatic character, to a secular ode, etc.; also by Mozart and others
to an orchectral composition, in several movements, midway between
the suite of an earlier period and the modern symphony. Grove.

SERENE
Se*rene", a. Etym: [L. serenus to grow dry, Gr.

1. Bright; clear; unabscured; as, a serene sky.
The moon serene in glory mounts the sky. Pope.
Full many a gem of purest ray serene The dark unfathomed caves of
ocean bear. Gray.

2. Calm; placid; undisturbed; unruffled; as, a serene aspect; a
serene soul. Milton.

Note: In several countries of Europe, Serene is given as a tittle to
princes and the members of their families; as, His Serene Highness.
Drop serene. (Med.) See Amaurosis. Milton.

SERENE
Se*rene", n.

1. Serenity; clearness; calmness. [Poetic.] "The serene of heaven."
Southey.
To their master is denied To share their sweet serene. Young.

2. Etym: [F. serein evening dew or damp. See Serein.]

Defn: Evening air; night chill. [Obs.] "Some serene blast me." B.
Jonson.

SERENE
Se*rene", v. t. Etym: [L. serenare.]

Defn: To make serene.
Heaven and earth, as if contending, vie To raise his being, and
serene his soul. Thomson.

SERENELY
Se*rene"ly, adv.

1. In a serene manner; clearly.
Now setting Phoebus shone serenely bright. Pope.

2. With unruffled temper; coolly; calmly. Prior.

SERENENESS
Se*rene"ness, n.

Defn: Serenity. Feltham.

SERENITUDE
Se*ren"i*tude, n.

Defn: Serenity. [Obs.]

SERENITY
Se*ren"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. serenuas: cf. F. sérénité.]

1. The quality or state of being serene; clearness and calmness;
quietness; stillness; peace.
A general peace and serenity newly succeeded a general trouble. Sir
W. Temple.

2. Calmness of mind; eveness of temper; undisturbed state; coolness;
composure.
I can not see how any men should ever transgress those moral rules
with confidence and serenity. Locke.

Note: Serenity is given as a title to the members of certain princely
families in Europe; as, Your Serenity.

SERF
Serf, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. serus servant, slave; akin to servare to
protect, preserve, observe, and perhaps originally, a client, a man
under one's protection. Cf. Serve, v. t.]

Defn: A servant or slave employed in husbandry, and in some countries
attached to the soil and transferred with it, as formerly in Russia.
In England, at least from the reign of Henry II, one only, and that
the inferior species [of villeins], existed . . . But by the customs
of France and Germany, persons in this abject state seem to have been
called serfs, and distinguished from villeins, who were only bound to
fixed payments and duties in respect of their lord, though, as it
seems, without any legal redress if injured by him. Hallam.

Syn.
 -- Serf, Slave. A slave is the absolute property of his master, and
may be sold in any way. A serf, according to the strict sense of the
term, is one bound to work on a certain estate, and thus attached to
the soil, and sold with it into the service of whoever purchases the
land.

SERFAGE; SERFDOM
Serf"age, Serf"dom, n.

Defn: The state or condition of a serf.

SERFHOOD; SERFISM
Serf"hood, Serf"ism (, n.

Defn: Serfage.

SERGE
Serge, n. Etym: [F. serge, sarge, originally, a silken stuff, fr. L.
serica, f. or neut. pl. of sericus silken. See Sericeous, Silk.]

Defn: A woolen twilled stuff, much used as material for clothing for
both sexes. Silk serge, a twilled silk fabric used mostly by tailors
for lining parts of gentlemen's coats.

SERGE
Serge, n. Etym: [F. cierge.]

Defn: A large wax candle used in the ceremonies of various churches.

SERGEANCY
Ser"gean*cy, n.; pl. Sergeancies. Etym: [Cf. Sergeanty.]

Defn: The office of a sergeant; sergeantship. [Written also
serjeancy.]

SERGEANT
Ser"geant, n. Etym: [F. sergent, fr. L. serviens, -entis, p. pr. of
servire to serve. See Serve, and cf. Servant.] [Written also
serjeant. Both spellings are authorized. In England serjeant is
usually preferred, except for military officers. In the United States
sergeant is common for civil officers also.]

1. Formerly, in England, an officer nearly answering to the more
modern bailiff of the hundred; also, an officer whose duty was to
attend on the king, and on the lord high steward in court, to arrest
traitors and other offenders. He is now called sergeant-at-arms, and
two of these officers, by allowance of the sovereign, attend on the
houses of Parliament (one for each house) to execute their commands,
and another attends the Court Chancery.
The sergeant of the town of Rome them sought. Chaucer.
The magistrates sent the serjeant, saying, Let those men go. Acts
xvi. 35.
This fell sergeant, Death, Is strict in his arrest. Shak.

2. (Mil.) In a company, battery, or troop, a noncommissioned officer
next in rank above a corporal, whose duty is to instruct recruits in
discipline, to form the ranks, etc.

Note: In the United States service, besides the sergeants belonging
to the companies there are, in each regiment, a sergeant major, who
is the chief noncommissioned officer, and has important duties as the
assistant to the adjutant; a quartermaster sergeant, who assists the
quartermaster; a color sergeant, who carries the colors; and a
commissary sergeant, who assists in the care and distribution of the
stores. Ordnance sergeants have charge of the ammunition at military
posts.

3. (Law)

Defn: A lawyer of the highest rank, answering to the doctor of the
civil law; -- called also serjeant at law. [Eng.] Blackstone.

4. A title sometimes given to the servants of the sovereign; as,
sergeant surgeon, that is, a servant, or attendant, surgeon. [Eng.]

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cobia. Drill sergeant. (Mil.) See under Drill.
 -- Sergeant-at-arms, an officer of a legislative body, or of a
deliberative or judicial assembly, who executes commands in
preserving order and arresting offenders. See Sergeant, 1.
 -- Sergeant major. (a) (Mil.) See the Note under def. 2, above. (b)
(Zoöl.) The cow pilot.

SERGEANTCY
Ser"geant*cy, n.

Defn: Same as Sergeancy.

SERGEANTRY
Ser"geant*ry, n. Etym: [CF. OF. sergenteric.]

Defn: See Sergeanty. [R.] [Written also serjeantry.]

SERGEANTSHIP
Ser"geant*ship, n.

Defn: The office of sergeant.

SERGEANTY
Ser"geant*y, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. sergentie, LL. sergentia. See
Sergeant.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: Tenure of lands of the crown by an honorary kind of service not
due to any lord, but to the king only. [Written also serjeanty.]
Grand sergeanty, a particular kind of tenure by which the tenant was
bound to do some special honorary service to the king in person, as
to carry his banner, his sword, or the like. Tomlins. Cowell.
Blackstone.
 -- Petit sergeanty. See under Petit.

SERIAL
Se"ri*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a series; consisting of a series; appearing in
successive parts or numbers; as, a serial work or publication.
"Classification . . . may be more or less serial." H. Spencer.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to rows. Gray. Serial homology. (Biol.) See
under Homology.
 -- Serial symmetry. (Biol.) See under Symmetry.

SERIAL
Se"ri*al, n.

Defn: A publication appearing in a series or succession of part; a
tale, or other writing, published in successive numbers of a
periodical.

SERIALITY
Se`ri*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of succession in a series; sequence. H.
Spenser.

SERIALLY
Se"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a series, or regular order; in a serial manner; as, arranged
serially; published serially.

SERIATE
Se"ri*ate, a.

Defn: Arranged in a series or succession; pertaining to a series.
 -- Se"ri*ate*ly, adv.

SERIATIM
Se`ri*a"tim, adv. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: In regular order; one after the other; severally.

SERIATION
Se`ri*a"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Arrangement or position in a series.

SERICEOUS
Se*ri"ceous, a. Etym: [L. sericus silken, sericum Seric stuff, silk,
fr. Sericus belonging to the Seres, Gr. Silk, Serge a woolen stuff.]

1. Of or pertaining to silk; consisting of silk; silky.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Covered with very soft hairs pressed close to the surface; as,
a sericeous leaf.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a silklike luster, usually due to fine, close hairs.

SERICIN
Ser"i*cin, n. Etym: [L. sericus silken.] (Chem.)

Defn: A gelatinous nitrogenous material extracted from crude silk and
other similar fiber by boiling water; -- called also silk gelatin.

SERICITE
Ser"i*cite, n. Etym: [L. sericus silken.] (Min.)

Defn: A kind of muscovite occuring in silky scales having a fibrous
structure. It is characteristic of sericite schist.

SERICTERIUM
Ser`ic*te"ri*um, n. Etym: [See Sericeous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A silk gland, as in the silkworms.

SERICULTURE
Ser"i*cul`ture, n. Etym: [See Sericeous, and Culture.]

Defn: The raising of silkworms.

SERIE
Se"rie, n. Etym: [Cf. F. série.]

Defn: Series. [Obs.]

SERIEMA
Ser`i*e"ma, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large South American bird (Dicholophus, or Cariama cristata)
related to the cranes. It is often domesticated. Called also cariama.

SERIES
Se"ries, n. Etym: [L. series, fr. serere, sertum, to join or bind
together; cf. Gr. sarit thread. Cf. Assert, Desert a solitude, Exert,
Insert, Seraglio.]

1. A number of things or events standing or succeeding in order, and
connected by a like relation; sequence; order; course; a succession
of things; as, a continuous series of calamitous events.
During some years his life a series of triumphs. Macaulay.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Any comprehensive group of animals or plants including several
subordinate related groups.

Note: Sometimes a series includes several classes; sometimes only
orders or families; in other cases only species.

3. (Math.)

Defn: An indefinite number of terms succeeding one another, each of
which is derived from one or more of the preceding by a fixed law,
called the law of the series; as, an arithmetical series; a
geometrical series.

SERIES DYNAMO
Series dynamo. (Elec.)
 (a) A series-wound dynamo.
 (b) A dynamo running in series with another or others.

SERIES MOTOR
Series motor. (Elec.)
 (a) A series-wound motor.
 (b) A motor capable of being used in a series circuit.

SERIES TURNS
Series turns. (Elec.)

Defn: The turns in a series circuit.

SERIES WINDING
Series winding. (Elec.)

Defn: A winding in which the armature coil and the field-magnet coil
are in series with the external circuits; -- opposed to shunt
winding. --Se"ries-wound`, a.

SERIGRAPH
Ser`i*graph, n. [L. sericum silk + E. -graph.]

Defn: An autographic device to test the strength of raw silk.

SERIN
Ser"in, n. Etym: [F. serin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European finch (Serinus hortulanus) closely related to the
canary.

SERINE
Ser"ine, n. Etym: [L. sericus silken.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline nitrogenous substance obtained by the
action of dilute sulphuric acid on silk gelatin.

SERIO-COMIC; SERIO-COMICAL
Se`ri*o-com"ic, Se`ri*o-com"ic*al, a.

Defn: Having a mixture of seriousness and sport; serious and comical.

SERIOUS
Se"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. serius: cf. F. sérieux, LL. seriosus.]

1. Grave in manner or disposition; earnest; thoughtful; solemn; not
light, gay, or volatile.
He is always serious, yet there is about his manner a graceful ease.
Macaulay.

2. Really intending what is said; being in earnest; not jesting or
deceiving. Beaconsfield.

3. Important; weighty; not trifling; grave.
The holy Scriptures bring to our ears the most serious things in the
world. Young.

4. Hence, giving rise to apprehension; attended with danger; as, a
serious injury.

Syn.
 -- Grave; solemn; earnest; sedate; important; weighty. See Grave.
 -- Se"ri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Se"ri*ous*ness, n.

SERIPH
Ser"iph, n. (Type Founding)

Defn: See Ceriph.

SERJEANT; SERJEANTCY
Ser"jeant, Ser"jeant*cy, etc.

Defn: See Sergeant, Sergeantcy, etc. Serjeant-at-arms. See Sergeant-
at-arms, under Sergeant.

SERMOCINATION
Ser*moc`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. sermocinatio. See Sermon.]

Defn: The making of speeches or sermons; sermonizing. [Obs.] Peacham.

SERMOCINATOR
Ser*moc"i*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who makes sermons or speeches. [Obs.] Howell.

SERMON
Ser"mon, n. Etym: [OE. sermoun, sermun, F. sermon, fr. L. sermo, -
onis, a speaking, discourse, probably fr. serer, sertum, to join,
connect; hence, a connected speech. See Series.]

1. A discourse or address; a talk; a writing; as, the sermens of
Chaucer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Specifically, a discourse delivered in public, usually by a
clergyman, for the purpose of religious instruction and grounded on
some text or passage of Scripture.
This our life exempt from public haunts Finds tongues in trees, books
in the running brooks, Sermons in stones and good in everything.
Shak.
His preaching much, but more his practice, wrought, A living sermon
of the truths he taught. Dryden.

3. Hence, a serious address; a lecture on one's conduct or duty; an
exhortation or reproof; a homily; -- often in a depreciatory sense.

SERMON
Ser"mon, v. i. Etym: [Cf. OF. sermoner, F. sermonner to lecture one.]

Defn: To speak; to discourse; to compose or deliver a sermon. [Obs.]
Holinshed.
What needeth it to sermon of it more Chaucer.

SERMON
Ser"mon, v. t.

1. To discourse to or of, as in a sermon. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To tutor; to lecture. [Poetic] Shak.

SERMONEER
Ser`mon*eer", n.

Defn: A sermonizer. B. Jonson.

SERMONER
Ser"mon*er, n.

Defn: A preacher; a sermonizer. [Derogative or Jocose.] Thackeray.

SERMONET
Ser`mon*et", n.

Defn: A short sermon. [Written also sermonette.]

SERMONIC; SERMONICAL
Ser*mon"ic, Ser*mon"ic*al, a.

Defn: Like, or appropriate to, a sermon; grave and didactic. [R.]
"Conversation . . . satirical or sermonic." Prof. Wilson. "Sermonical
style." V. Knox.

SERMONING
Ser"mon*ing, n.

Defn: The act of discoursing; discourse; instruction; preaching.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

SERMONISH
Ser"mon*ish, a.

Defn: Resembling a sermon. [R.]

SERMONIST
Ser"mon*ist, n.

Defn: See Sermonizer.

SERMONIZE
Ser"mon*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sermonized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sermonizing.]

1. To compose or write a sermon or sermons; to preach.

2. To inculcate rigid rules. [R.] Chesterfield.

SERMONIZE
Ser"mon*ize, v. t.

Defn: To preach or discourse to; to affect or influence by means of a
sermon or of sermons. [R.]
Which of us shall sing or sermonize the other fast asleep Landor.

SERMONIZER
Ser"mon*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who sermonizes.

SEROLIN
Ser"o*lin, n. Etym: [Serum + L. oleum oil.] (Physiol. Chem.)
(a) A peculiar fatty substance found in the blood, probably a mixture
of fats, cholesterin, etc.
(b) A body found in fecal matter and thought to be formed in the
intestines from the cholesterin of the bile; -- called also
stercorin, and stercolin.

SERON; SEROON
Se*ron", Se*roon", n. Etym: [Sp. seron a kind of hamper or pannier,
aug. of sera a large pannier or basket.]

Defn: Same as Ceroon.

Note: This word as expressing a quantity or weight has no definite
signification. McElrath.

SEROSE
Se"rose`, a.

Defn: Serous. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

SEROSITY
Se*ros"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. serosité. See Serous.]

1. The quality or state of being serous.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: A thin watery animal fluid, as synovial fluid and pericardial
fluid.

SEROTHERAPY
Se`ro*ther"a*py, n. (Med.)
 (a) Serum-therapy.
 (b) The whey cure.

SEROTINE
Ser"o*tine, n. Etym: [F. sérotine, fr. L. serotinus that comes or
happens late.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European long-eared bat (Vesperugo serotinus).

SEROTINOUS
Se*rot"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. serotinus, fr. serus late.] (Biol.)

Defn: Appearing or blossoming later in the season than is customary
with allied species.

SEROUS
Se"rous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. séreux. See Serum.] (Physiol.)
(a) Thin; watery; like serum; as the serous fluids.
(b) Of or pertaining to serum; as, the serous glands, membranes,
layers. See Serum. Serous membrane. (Anat.) See under Membrane.

SEROW; SURROW
Ser"ow, Sur"row, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The thar.

SERPENS
Ser"pens, n. Etym: [L. See Serpent.] (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation represented as a serpent held by Serpentarius.

SERPENT
Ser"pent, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. serpens, -entis (sc. bestia), fr.
serpens, p. pr. of serpere to creep; akin to Gr. sarp, and perhaps to
L. repere, E. reptile. Cf. Herpes.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any reptile of the order Ophidia; a snake, especially a large
snake. See Illust. under Ophidia.

Note: The serpents are mostly long and slender, and move partly by
bending the body into undulations or folds and pressing them against
objects, and partly by using the free edges of their ventral scales
to cling to rough surfaces. Many species glide swiftly over the
ground, some burrow in the earth, others live in trees. A few are
entirely aquatic, and swim rapidly. See Ophidia, and Fang.

2. Fig.: A subtle, treacherous, malicious person.

3. A species of firework having a serpentine motion as it passess
through the air or along the ground.

4. (Astron.)

Defn: The constellation Serpens.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: A bass wind instrument, of a loud and coarse tone, formerly
much used in military bands, and sometimes introduced into the
orchestra; -- so called from its form. Pharaoh's serpent (Chem.),
mercuric sulphocyanate, a combustible white substance which in
burning gives off a poisonous vapor and leaves a peculiar brown
voluminous residue which is expelled in a serpentine from. It is
employed as a scientific toy.
 -- Serpent cucumber (Bot.), the long, slender, serpentine fruit of
the cucurbitaceous plant Trichosanthes colubrina; also, the plant
itself.
 -- Serpent eage (Zoöl.), any one of several species of raptorial
birds of the genera Circaëtus and Spilornis, which prey on serpents.
They inhabit Africa, Southern Europe, and India. The European serpent
eagle is Circaëtus Gallicus.
 -- Serpent eater. (Zoöl.) (a) The secretary bird. (b) An Asiatic
antelope; the markhoor.
 -- Serpent fish (Zoöl.), a fish (Cepola rubescens) with a long,
thin, compressed body, and a band of red running lengthwise.
 -- Serpent star (Zoöl.), an ophiuran; a brittle star.
 -- Serpent's tongue (Paleon.), the fossil tooth of a shark; -- so
called from its resemblance to a tongue with its root.
 -- Serpent withe (Bot.), a West Indian climbing plant (Aristolochia
odoratissima).
 -- Tree serpent (Zoöl.), any species of African serpents belonging
to the family Dendrophidæ.

SERPENT
Ser"pent, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Serpented; p. pr. & vb. n. Serpenting.]

Defn: To wind like a serpent; to crook about; to meander. [R.] "The
serpenting of the Thames." Evelyn.

SERPENT
Ser"pent, v. t.

Defn: To wind; to encircle. [R.] Evelyn.

SERPENTARIA
Ser`pen*ta"ri*a, a.Etym: [L. (sc. herba), fr. serpens serpent.]
(Med.)

Defn: The fibrous aromatic root of the Virginia snakeroot
(Aristolochia Serpentaria).

SERPENTARIUS
Ser`pen*ta"ri*us, n.Etym: [NL., fr. L. serpens serpent.] (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation on the equator, lying between Scorpio and
Hercules; -- called also Ophiuchus.

SERPENTIFORM
Ser*pen"ti*form, a. Etym: [L. serpens a serpent + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of a serpent.

SERPENTIGENOUS
Ser`pen*tig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. serpens, -entis, a serpent + -
genous: cf. L. serpentigena.]

Defn: Bred of a serpent.

SERPENTINE
Ser"pen*tine, a. Etym: [L. serpentinus: cf. F. serpentin.]

Defn: Resembling a serpent; having the shape or qualities of a
serpent; subtle; winding or turning one way and the other, like a
moving serpent; anfractuous; meandering; sinuous; zigzag; as,
serpentine braid.
Thy shape Like his, and color serpentine. Milton.

SERPENTINE
Ser"pen*tine, n. Etym: [Cf. (for sense 1) F. serpentine, (for sense
2) serpentin.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral or rock consisting chiefly of the hydrous silicate of
magnesia. It is usually of an obscure green color, often with a
spotted or mottled appearance resembling a serpent's skin. Precious,
or noble, serpentine is translucent and of a rich oil-green color.

Note: Serpentine has been largely produced by the alteration of other
minerals, especially of chrysolite.

2. (Ordnance)

Defn: A kind of ancient cannon.

SERPENTINE
Ser"pen*tine, v. i.

Defn: To serpentize. [R.] Lyttleton.

SERPENTINELY
Ser"pen*tine*ly, adv.

Defn: In a serpentine manner.

SERPENTINIAN
Ser`pen*tin"i*an, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: See 2d Ophite.

SERPENTINIZE
Ser"pen*tin*ize, v. t. (Min.)

Defn: To convert (a magnesian silicate) into serpentine.
 -- Ser`pen*tin`i*za"tion, n.

SERPENTINOUS
Ser"pen*ti`nous, a.

Defn: Relating to, or like, serpentine; as, a rock serpentinous in
character.

SERPENTIZE
Ser"pent*ize, v. i.

Defn: To turn or bend like a serpent, first in one direction and then
in the opposite; to meander; to wind; to serpentine. [R.]
The river runs before the door, and serpentizes more than you can
conceive. Walpole.

SERPENTRY
Ser"pent*ry, n.

1. A winding like a serpent's.

2. A place inhabited or infested by serpents.

SERPENT-TONGUED
Ser"pent-tongued`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a forked tongue, like a serpent.

SERPET
Ser"pet, n. Etym: [L. sirpus, scirpus, a rush, bulrush.]

Defn: A basket. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

SERPETTE
Ser*pette", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A pruning knife with a curved blade. Knight.

SERPIGINOUS
Ser*pig"i*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. serpigineux.] (Med.)

Defn: Creeping; -- said of lesions which heal over one portion while
continuing to advance at another.

SERPIGO
Ser*pi"go, n. Etym: [LL., fr. L. serpere to creep.] (Med.)

Defn: A dry, scaly eruption on the skin; especially, a ringworm.

SERPOLET
Ser"po*let, n. Etym: [F.] (Bot.)

Defn: Wild thyme.

SERPULA
Ser"pu*la, n.; pl. Serpulæ, E. Serpulas. Etym: [L., a little snake.
See Serpent.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of tubicolous annelids of the genus
Serpula and allied genera of the family Serpulidæ. They secrete a
calcareous tube, which is usually irregularly contorted, but is
sometimes spirally coiled. The worm has a wreath of plumelike and
often bright-colored gills around its head, and usually an operculum
to close the aperture of its tube when it retracts.

SERPULIAN; SERPULIDAN
Ser*pu"li*an, Ser*pu"li*dan, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A serpula.

SERPULITE
Ser"pu*lite, n.

Defn: A fossil serpula shell.

SERR
Serr, v. t. Etym: [F. serrer. See Serry.]

Defn: To crowd, press, or drive together. [Obs.] Bacon.

SERRANOID
Ser*ra"noid, n. Etym: [NL. Serranus, a typical genus (fr. L. serra a
saw) + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fish of the family Serranidæ, which includes the striped
bass, the black sea bass, and many other food fishes.
 -- a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Serranidæ.

SERRATE; SERRATED
Ser"rate, Ser"ra*ted, a. Etym: [L. serratus, fr. serra a saw; perhaps
akin to secare to cut, E. saw a cutting instrument. Cf. Sierra.]

1. Notched on the edge, like a saw.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Beset with teeth pointing forwards or upwards; as, serrate
leaves. Doubly serrate, having small serratures upon the large ones,
as the leaves of the elm.
 -- Serrate-ciliate, having fine hairs, like the eyelashes, on the
serratures; -- said of a leaf.
 -- Serrate-dentate, having the serratures toothed.

SERRATION
Ser*ra"tion, n.

1. Condition of being serrate; formation in the shape of a saw.

2. One of the teeth in a serrate or serrulate margin.

SERRATIROSTRAL
Ser*ra`ti*ros"tral, a. Etym: [Serrate + rostral.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a toothed bill, like that of a toucan.

SERRATOR
Ser*ra"tor, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ivory gull (Larus eburneus).

SERRATURE
Ser"ra*ture, n. Etym: [L. serratura a sawing, fr. serrare to saw.]

1. A notching, like that between the teeth of a saw, in the edge of
anything. Martyn.

2. One of the teeth in a serrated edge; a serration.

SERRICATED
Ser"ri*ca`ted, a. Etym: [See Sericeous.]

Defn: Covered with fine silky down.

SERRICORN
Ser"ri*corn, a. Etym: [L. serra saw + cornu horn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having serrated antenn

SERRICORN
Ser"ri*corn, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of a numerous tribe of beetles (Serricornia). The
joints of the antennæ are prominent, thus producing a serrate
appearance. See Illust. under Antenna.

SERRIED
Ser"ried, a. Etym: [See Serry.]

Defn: Crowded; compact; dense; pressed together.
Nor seemed it to relax their serried files. Milton.

SERRIFERA
Ser*rif"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. serra saw + ferre to bear.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Hymenoptera comprising the sawflies.

SERRIROSTRES
Ser`ri*ros"tres, n. pl. Etym: [NL. fr. L. serra saw + rostrum beak.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Lamellirostres.

SERROUS
Ser"rous, a. Etym: [L. serra a saw.]

Defn: Like the teeth off a saw; jagged. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SERRULA
Ser"ru*la, n. Etym: [L., a little saw.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The red-breasted merganser.

SERRULATE; SERRULATED
Ser"rulate, Ser"ru*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. serrula a lttle saw, dim. of
serra a saw.]

Defn: Finely serrate; having very minute teeth.

SERRULATION
Ser`ru*la"tion, n.

1. The state of being notched minutely, like a fine saw. Wright.

2. One of the teeth in a serrulate margin.

SERRY
Ser"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Serried; p. pr. & vb. n. Serrying.] Etym:
[F. serrer, LL. serrare, serare, from L. sera a bar, bolt; akin to
serere to join or bind together. See Serries.]

Defn: To crowd; to press together.

Note: [Now perhaps only in the form serried, p. p. or a.]

SERTULARIA
Ser`tu*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., dim. fr. L. serta a garland.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of delicate branching hydroids having small sessile
hydrothecæ along the sides of the branches.

SERTULARIAN
Ser`tu*la"ri*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Sertularia, or of Sertularidæ, a family of
hydroids having branched chitinous stems and simple sessile
hydrothecæ. Also used adjectively.

SERUM
Se"rum, n. Etym: [L., akin to Gr. sara curd.] (Physiol.)
(a) The watery portion of certain animal fluids, as blood, milk, etc.
(b) A thin watery fluid, containing more or less albumin, secreted by
the serous membranes of the body, such as the pericardium and
peritoneum. Blood serum, the pale yellowish fluid which exudes from
the clot formed in the coagulation of the blood; the loquid portion
of the blood, after removal of the blood corpuscles and the fibrin.
 -- Muscle serum, the thin watery fluid which separates from the
muscles after coagulation of the muscle plasma; the watery portion of
the plasma. See Muscle plasma, under Plasma.
 -- Serum albumin (Physiol. Chem.), an albuminous body, closely
related to egg albumin, present in nearly all serous fluids; esp.,
the albumin of blood serum.
 -- Serum globulin (Physiol. Chem.), paraglobulin.
 -- Serum of milk (Physiol. Chem.), the whey, or fluid portion of
milk, remaining after removal of the casein and fat.

SERUM-THERAPY
Se"rum-ther`a*py, n. (Med.)

Defn: The treatment of disease by the injection of blood serum from
immune animals.

SERVABLE
Serv"a*ble, a. Etym: [See Serve.]

1. Capable of being served.

2. Etym: [L. servabilis.]

Defn: Capable of being preserved. [R.]

SERVAGE
Serv"age, n. Etym: [Cf. F. servage.]

Defn: Serfage; slavery; servitude. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SERVAL
Ser"val, n. Etym: [Cf. F. serval.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African wild cat (Felis serval) of moderate size. It has
rather long legs and a tail of moderate length. Its color is tawny,
with black spots on the body and rings of black on the tail.

SERVALINE
Ser"val*ine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Related to, or resembling, the serval.

SERVANT
Serv"ant, n. Etym: [OE. servant, servaunt, F. servant, a & p. pr. of
servir to serve, L. servire. See Serve, and cf. Sergeant.]

1. One who serves, or does services, voluntarily or on compulsion; a
person who is employed by another for menial offices, or for other
labor, and is subject to his command; a person who labors or exerts
himself for the benefit of another, his master or employer; a
subordinate helper. "A yearly hired servant." Lev. xxv. 53.
Men in office have begun to think themselves mere agents and servants
of the appointing power, and not agents of the government or the
country. D. Webster.

Note: In a legal sense, stewards, factors, bailiffs, and other
agents, are servants for the time they are employed in such
character, as they act in subordination to others. So any person may
be legally the servant of another, in whose business, and under whose
order, direction, and control, he is acting for the time being.
Chitty.

2. One in a state of subjection or bondage.
Thou wast a servant in the land of Egypt. Deut. v. 15.

3. A professed lover or suitor; a gallant. [Obs.]
In my time a servant was I one. Chaucer.
Servant of servants, one debased to the lowest condition of
servitude.
 -- Your humble servant, or Your obedient servant, phrases of
civility often used in closing a letter.
Our betters tell us they are our humble servants, but understand us
to be their slaves. Swift.

SERVANT
Serv"ant, v. t.

Defn: To subject. [Obs.] Shak.

SERVANTESS
Serv"ant*ess, n.

Defn: A maidservant. [Obs.] Wyclif.

SERVANTRY
Serv"ant*ry, n.

Defn: A body of servants; servants, collectively. [R.]

SERVE
Serve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Served; p. pr. & vb. n. Serving.] Etym:
[OE. serven, servien, OF. & F. servir, fr. L. servire; akin to servus
a servant or slave, servare to protect, preserve, observe; cf. Zend
har to protect, haurva protecting. Cf. Conserve, Desert merit,
Dessert, Observe, Serf, Sergeant.]

1. To work for; to labor in behalf of; to exert one's self
continuously or statedly for the benefit of; to do service for; to be
in the employment of, as an inferior, domestic, serf, slave, hired
assistant, official helper, etc.; specifically, in a religious sense,
to obey and worship.
God is my witness, whom I serve with my spirit. Rom. i. 9.
Jacob loved Rachel; and said, I will serve thee seven years for
Rachel thy younger daughter. Gen. xxix. 18.
No man can serve two masters. Matt. vi. 24.
Had I but served my God with half the zeal I served my king, he would
not in mine age Have left me naked to mine enemies. Shak.

2. To be subordinate to; to act a secondary part under; to appear as
the inferior of; to minister to.
Bodies bright and greater should not serve The less not bright.
Milton.

3. To be suitor to; to profess love to. [Obs.]
To serve a lady in his beste wise. Chaucer.

4. To wait upon; to supply the wants of; to attend; specifically, to
wait upon at table; to attend at meals; to supply with food; as, to
serve customers in a shop.
Others, pampered in their shameless pride, Are served in plate and in
their chariots ride. Dryden.

5. Hence, to bring forward, arrange, deal, or distribute, as a
portion of anything, especially of food prepared for eating; -- often
with up; formerly with in.
Bid them cover the table, serve in the meat, and we will come in to
dinner. Shak.
Some part he roasts, then serves it up so dressed. Dryde.

6. To perform the duties belonging to, or required in or for; hence,
to be of use to; as, a curate may serve two churches; to serve one's
country.

7. To contribute or conduce to; to promote; to be sufficient for; to
satisfy; as, to serve one's turn.
Turn it into some advantage, by observing where it can serve another
end. Jer. Taylor.

8. To answer or be (in the place of something) to; as, a sofa serves
one for a seat and a couch.

9. To treat; to behave one's self to; to requite; to act toward; as,
he served me very ill.

10. To work; to operate; as, to serve the guns.

11. (Law)
(a) To bring to notice, deliver, or execute, either actually or
constructively, in such manner as the law requires; as, to serve a
summons.
(b) To make legal service opon (a person named in a writ, summons,
etc.); as, to serve a witness with a subpoena.

12. To pass or spend, as time, esp. time of punishment; as, to serve
a term in prison.

13. To copulate with; to cover; as, a horse serves a mare; -- said of
the male.

14. (Tennis)

Defn: To lead off in delivering (the ball).

15. (Naut.)

Defn: To wind spun yarn, or the like, tightly around (a rope or
cable, etc.) so as to protect it from chafing or from the weather.
See under Serving. To serve an attachment or a writ of attachment
(Law), to levy it on the person or goods by seizure, or to seize.
 -- To serve an execution (Law), to levy it on a lands, goods, or
person, by seizure or taking possession.
 -- To serve an office, to discharge a public duty.
 -- To serve a process (Law), in general, to read it, so as to give
due notice to the party concerned, or to leave an attested copy with
him or his attorney, or his usual place of abode.
 -- To serve a warrant, to read it, and seize the person against whom
it is issued.
 -- To serve a writ (Law), to read it to the defendant, or to leave
an attested copy at his usual place of abode.
 -- To serve one out, to retaliate upon; to requite. "I'll serve you
out for this." C. Kingsley.
 -- To serve one right, to treat, or cause to befall one, according
to his deserts; -- used commonly of ill deserts; as, it serves the
scoundrel right; -- To serve one's self of, to avail one's self of;
to make use of. [A Gallicism]
I will serve myself of this concession. Chillingworth.
-- To serve out, to distribute; as, to serve out rations.
 -- To serve the time or the hour, to regulate one's actions by the
requirements of the time instead of by one's duty; to be a
timeserver. [Obs.]
They think herein we serve the time, because thereby we either hold
or seek preferment. Hooker.

Syn.
 -- To obey; minister to; subserve; promote; aid; help; assist;
benefit; succor.

SERVE
Serve, v. i.

1. To be a servant or a slave; to be employed in labor or other
business for another; to be in subjection or bondage; to render
menial service.
The Lord shall give thee rest . . . from the hard bondage wherein
thou wast made to serve. Isa. xiv. 3.

2. To perform domestic offices; to be occupied with household
affairs; to prepare and dish up food, etc.
But Martha . . . said, Lord, dost thou not care that my sister hath
left me to serve alone Luke x. 40.

3. To be in service; to do duty; to discharge the requirements of an
office or employment. Specifically, to act in the public service, as
a soldier, seaman. etc.
Many . . . who had before been great commanders, but now served as
private gentlemen without pay. Knolles.

4. To be of use; to answer a purpose; to suffice; to suit; to be
convenient or favorable.
This little brand will serve to light your fire. Dryden.
As occasion serves, this noble queen And prince shall follow with a
fresh supply. Shak.

5. (Tennis)

Defn: To lead off in delivering the ball.

SERVER
Serv"er, n.

1. One who serves.

2. A tray for dishes; a salver. Randolph.

SERVIAN
Ser"vi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Servia, a kingdom of Southern Europe.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Servia.

SERVICE; SERVICE
Serv"ice, n., or Serv"ice. Etym: [Properly, the tree which bears
serve, OE. serves, pl., service berries, AS. syrfe service tree; akin
to L. sorbus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several trees and shrubs of the genus Pyrus, as
Pyrus domestica and P. torminalis of Europe, the various species of
mountain ash or rowan tree, and the American shad bush (see Shad
bush, under Shad). They have clusters of small, edible, applelike
berries. Service berry (Bot.), the fruit of any kind of service tree.
In British America the name is especially applied to that of the
several species or varieties of the shad bush (Amelanchier.)

SERVICE
Serv"ice, n. Etym: [OE. servise, OF. servise, service, F. service,
from L. servitium. See Serve.]

1. The act of serving; the occupation of a servant; the performance
of labor for the benefit of another, or at another's command;
attendance of an inferior, hired helper. slave, etc., on a superior,
employer, master, or the like; also, spiritual obedience and love. "O
God . . . whose service is perfect freedom." Bk. of Com. Prayer.
Madam, I entreat true peace of you, Which I will purchase with my
duteous service. Shak.
God requires no man's service upon hard and unreasonable terms.
Tillotson.

2. The deed of one who serves; labor performed for another; duty done
or required; office.
I have served him from the hour of my nativity, . . . and have
nothing at his hands for my service but blows. Shak.
This poem was the last piece of service I did for my master, King
Charles. Dryden.
To go on the forlorn hope is a service of peril; who will understake
it if it be not also a service of honor Macaulay.

3. Office of devotion; official religious duty performed; religious
rites appropriate to any event or ceremonial; as, a burial service.
The outward service of ancient religion, the rites, ceremonies, and
ceremonial vestments of the old law. Coleridge.

4. Hence, a musical composition for use in churches.

5. Duty performed in, or appropriate to, any office or charge;
official function; hence, specifically, military or naval duty;
performance of the duties of a soldier.
When he cometh to experience of service abroad . . . ne maketh a
worthy soldier. Spenser.

6. Useful office; advantage conferred; that which promotes interest
or happiness; benefit; avail.
The stork's plea, when taken in a net, was the service she did in
picking up venomous creatures. L'Estrange.

7. Profession of respect; acknowledgment of duty owed. "Pray, do my
service to his majesty." Shak.

8. The act and manner of bringing food to the persons who eat it;
order of dishes at table; also, a set or number of vessels ordinarily
used at table; as, the service was tardy and awkward; a service of
plate or glass.
There was no extraordinary service seen on the board. Hakewill.

9. (Law)

Defn: The act of bringing to notice, either actually or
constructively, in such manner as is prescribed by law; as, the
service of a subpoena or an attachment.

10. (Naut.)

Defn: The materials used for serving a rope, etc., as spun yarn,
small lines, etc.

11. (Tennis)

Defn: The act of serving the ball.

12. Act of serving or covering. See Serve, v. t., 13. Service book, a
prayer book or missal.
 -- Service line (Tennis), a line parallel to the net, and at a
distance of 21 feet from it.
 -- Service of a writ, process, etc. (Law), personal delivery or
communication of the writ or process, etc., to the party to be
affected by it, so as to subject him to its operation; the reading of
it to the person to whom notice is intended to be given, or the
leaving of an attested copy with the person or his attorney, or at
his usual place of abode.
 -- Service of an attachment (Law), the seizing of the person or
goods according to the direction.
 -- Service of an execution (Law), the levying of it upon the goods,
estate, or person of the defendant.
 -- Service pipe, a pipe connecting mains with a dwelling, as in gas
pipes, and the like. Tomlinson.
 -- To accept service. (Law) See under Accept.
 -- To see service (Mil.), to do duty in the presence of the enemy,
or in actual war.

SERVICEABLE
Serv"ice*a*ble, a.

1. Doing service; promoting happiness, interest, advantage, or any
good; useful to any end; adapted to any good end use; beneficial;
advantageous. "Serviceable to religion and learning". Atterbury.
"Serviceable tools." Macaulay.
I know thee well, a serviceable villain. Shak.

2. Prepared for rendering service; capable of, or fit for, the
performance of duty; hence, active; diligent.
Courteous he was, lowly, and servysable. Chaucer.
Bright-hearnessed angels sit in order serviceable. Milton.
Seeing her so sweet and serviceable. Tennnyson.
-- Serv"ice*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Serv"ice*a*bly, adv.

SERVICEAGE
Serv"ice*age, n.

Defn: Servitude. [Obs.] Fairfax.

SERVICE CAP; SERVICE HAT
Serv"ice cap or hat. (Mil.)

Defn: A cap or hat worn by officers or enlisted men when full-dress
uniform, or dress uniform, is not worn. In the United States army the
service cap is round, about 3½ inches high, flat-topped, with  a
visor. The service hat is of soft felt of khaki color, with  broad
brim and high crown, creased down the middle.

SERVICE UNIFORM
Service uniform. (Mil. & Nav.)

Defn: The uniform prescribed in regulations for active or routine
service, in distinction from dress, full dress, etc. In the United
States army it is of olive-drab woolen or khaki-colored cotton, with
all metal attachments of dull-finish bronze, with the exceptional of
insignia of rank, which are of gold or silver finish.

SERVIENT
Serv"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. serviens, -entis, p. pr. See Serve.]

Defn: Subordinate. [Obs. except in law.] Dyer. Servient tenement or
estate (Law), that on which the burden of a servitude or an easement
is imposed. Cf. Dominant estate, under Dominant. Gale & Whately.

SERVIETTE
Ser`viette", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A table napkin.

SERVILE
Serv"ile, a. Etym: [L. servile, fr. servus a servant or slave: cf. F.
servile. See Serve.]

1. Of or pertaining to a servant or slave; befitting a servant or a
slave; proceeding from dependence; hence, meanly submissive; slavish;
mean; cringing; fawning; as, servile flattery; servile fear; servile
obedience.
She must bend the servile knee. Thomson.
Fearing dying pays death servile breath. Shak.

2. Held in subjection; dependent; enslaved.
Even fortune rules no more, O servile land! Pope.

3. (Gram.)
(a) Not belonging to the original root; as, a servile letter.
(b) Not itself sounded, but serving to lengthen the preceeding vowel,
as e in tune.

SERVILE
Serv"ile, n. (Gram.)

Defn: An element which forms no part of the original root; -- opposed
to radical.

SERVILELY
Serv"ile*ly, adv.

Defn: In a servile manner; slavishly.

SERVILENESS
Serv"ile*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being servile; servility.

SERVILITY
Ser*vil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. servilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being servile; servileness.
To be a queen in bondage is more vile Than is a slave in base
servility. Shak.

SERVING
Serv"ing,

Defn: a & n. from Serve. Serving board (Naut.), a flat piece of wood
used in serving ropes.
 -- Serving maid, a female servant; a maidservant.
 -- Serving mallet (Naut.), a wooden instrument shaped like a mallet,
used in serving ropes.
 -- Serving man, a male servant, or attendant; a manservant.
 -- Serving stuff (Naut.), small lines for serving ropes.

SERVITE
Serv"ite, n. Etym: [It. servita.] (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: One of the order of the Religious Servants of the Holy Virgin,
founded in Florence in 1223.

SERVITOR
Serv"i*tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. servire to serve: cf. F. serviteur.]

1. One who serves; a servant; an attendant; one who acts under
another; a follower or adherent.
Your trusty and most valiant servitor. Shak.

2. (Univ. of Oxford, Eng.)

Defn: An undergraduate, partly supported by the college funds, whose
duty it formerly was to wait at table. A servitor corresponded to a
sizar in Cambridge and Dublin universities.

SERVITORSHIP
Serv"i*tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office, rank, or condition of a servitor. Boswell.

SERVITUDE
Serv"i*tude, n. Etym: [L. servitudo: cf. F. servitude.]

1. The state of voluntary or compulsory subjection to a master; the
condition of being bound to service; the condition of a slave;
slavery; bondage; hence, a state of slavish dependence.
You would have sold your king to slaughter, His princes and his peers
to servitude. Shak.
A splendid servitude; . . . for he that rises up early, and goeSouth.

2. Servants, collectively. [Obs.]
After him a cumbrous train Of herds and flocks, and numerous
servitude. Milton.

3. (Law)

Defn: A right whereby one thing is subject to another thing or person
for use or convenience, contrary to the common right.

Note: The object of a servitude is either to suffer something to be
done by another, or to omit to do something, with respect to a thing.
The easements of the English correspond in some respects with the
servitudes of the Roman law. Both terms are used by common law
writers, and often indiscriminately. The former, however, rather
indicates the right enjoyed, and the latter the burden imposed.
Ayliffe. Erskine. E. Washburn. Penal servitude. See under Penal.
 -- Personal servitude (Law), that which arises when the use of a
thing is granted as a real right to a particular individual other
than the proprietor.
 -- Predial servitude (Law), that which one estate owes to another
estate. When it related to lands, vineyards, gardens, or the like, it
is called rural; when it related to houses and buildings, it is
called urban.

SERVITURE
Serv"i*ture, n.

Defn: Servants, collectively. [Obs.]

SERVITUTE
Serv"i*tute, n. Etym: [L. servitus.]

Defn: Servitude. [Obs.]

SERVO-MOTOR
Ser`vo-mo"tor, n. [Sometimes erroneously spelt serro-motor.] [F.
servo-moteur. See Serf; Motor.] (Mach.)

Defn: A relay apparatus; specif.:
 (a) An auxiliary motor, regulated by a hand lever, for quickly and
easily moving the reversing gear of a large marine engine into any
desired position indicated by that of the hand lever, which controls
the valve of the motor.
 (b) In a Whitehead torpedo, a compressed-air motor, for moving the
rudders so as to correct deviations from the course.

SERYE
Se"rye, n.

Defn: A series. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SESAME
Ses"a*me, n. Etym: [L. sesamum, sesama, Gr. sésame.] (Bot.)

Defn: Either of two annual herbaceous plants of the genus Sesamum (S.
Indicum, and S. orientale), from the seeds of which an oil is
expressed; also, the small obovate, flattish seeds of these plants,
sometimes used as food. See Benne. Open Sesame, the magical command
which opened the door of the robber's den in the Arabian Nights' tale
of "The Forty Thieves;" hence, a magical password.
 -- Sesame grass. (Bot.) Same as Gama grass.

SESAMOID
Ses"a*moid, a. Etym: [Gr. sésamoïde.]

1. Resembling in shape the seeds of sesame.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sesamoid bones or cartilages;
sesamoidal. Sesamoid bones, Sesamoid cartilages (Anat.), small bones
or cartilages formed in tendons, like the patella and pisiform in
man.

SESAMOID
Ses"a*moid, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A sesamoid bone or cartilage.

SESAMOIDAL
Ses`a*moid"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Sesamoid.

SESBAN
Ses"ban, n. Etym: [F., fr. Ar. saisaban, seiseban, a kind of tree,
fr. Per. sisaban seed of cinquefoil.] (Bot.)

Defn: A leguminous shrub (Sesbania aculeata) which furnishes a fiber
used for making ropes.

Note: The name is applied also to the similar plant, Sesbania
Ægyptiaca, and other species of the same genus.

SESQUI-
Ses`qui-. Etym: [L., one half more, one and a half.] (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting that three
atoms or equivalents of the substance to the name of which it is
prefixed are combined with two of some other element or radical; as,
sesquibromide, sesquicarbonate, sesquichloride, sesquioxide.

Note: Sesquidupli- is sometimes, but rarely, used in the same manner
to denote the proportions of two and a half to one, or rather of five
to two.

SESQUIALTER
Ses`qui*al"ter, a.

Defn: Sesquialteral.

SESQUIALTER; SESQUIALTERA
Ses`qui*al"ter, Ses`qui*al"ter*a, n. Etym: [NL. sesquialtera.] (Mus.)

Defn: A stop on the organ, containing several ranks of pipes which
reënforce some of the high harmonics of the ground tone, and make the
sound more brilliant.

SESQUIALTERAL; SESQUIALTERATE
Ses`qui*al"ter*al, Ses`qui*al"ter*ate, a. Etym: [L. sesquialter once
and a half; sesqui- + alter other: cf. F. sesquialtére.]

Defn: Once and a half times as great as another; having the ratio of
one and a half to one. Sesquialteral ratio (Math.), the ratio of one
and a half to one; thus, 9 and 6 are in a sequialteral ratio.

SESQUIALTEROUS
Ses`qui*al"ter*ous, a.

Defn: Sesquialteral.

SESQUIBASIC
Ses`qui*ba"sic, a. Etym: [Sesqui- + basic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Containing, or acting as, a base in the proportions of a sesqui
compound.

SESQUIDUPLICATE
Ses`qui*du"pli*cate, a. Etym: [Sesqui- + duplicate.]

Defn: Twice and a half as great (as another thing); having the ratio
of two and a half to one. Sesquiduplicate ratio (Math.), the ratio of
two and a half to one, or one in which the greater term contains the
lesser twice and a half, as that of 50 to 20.

SESQUIOXIDE
Ses`qui*ox"ide, n. Etym: [Sesqui- + oxide.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oxide containing three atoms of oxygen with two atoms (or
radicals) of some other substance; thus, alumina, Al2O3 is a
sesquioxide.

SESQUIPEDAL; SESQUIPEDALIAN
Ses*quip"e*dal, Ses`qui*pe*da"li*an, a. Etym: [Sesqui- + pedal: cf.
F. sesquipédal, L. sesquipedalis.]

Defn: Measuring or containing a foot and a half; as, a sesquipedalian
pygmy; -- sometimes humorously applied to long words.

SESQUIPEDALIANISM; SESQUIPEDALISM
Ses`qui*pe*da"li*an*ism, Ses*quip"e*dal*ism, n.

Defn: Sesquipedality.

SESQUIPEDALITY
Ses`qui*pe*dal"i*ty, n.

1. The quality or condition of being sesquipedal. Sterne.

2. The use of sesquipedalian words; style characterized by the use of
long words; sesquipedalism.

SESQUIPLICATE
Ses*quip"li*cate, a. Etym: [Sesqui- + plicate.] (Math.)

Defn: Subduplicate of the triplicate; -- a term applied to ratios;
thus, a and a' are in the sesquiplicate ratio of b and b', when a is
to a' as the square root of the cube of b is to the square root of
the cube of b', or a:a'::sq. rootb3:sq. rootb'3.
The periodic times of the planets are in the sesquiplicate ratio of
their mean distances. Sir I. Newton.

SESQUISALT
Ses"qui*salt, n. Etym: [Sesqui- + salt.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt derived from a sesquioxide base, or made up on the
proportions of a sesqui compound.

SESQUISULPHIDE
Ses`qui*sul"phide, n. Etym: [Sesqui- + sulphide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A sulphide, analogous to a sesquioxide, containing three atoms
of sulphur to two of the other ingredient; -- formerly called also
sesquisulphuret; as, orpiment, As2S3 is arsenic sesquisulphide.

SESQUITERTIAL
Ses`qui*ter"tial, a.

Defn: Sesquitertian.

SESQUITERTIAN; SESQUITERTIANAL
Ses`qui*ter"tian, Ses`qui*ter"tian*al, a. Etym: [Sesqui- + L.
tertianus belonging to the third. Cf. Tertian.] (Math.)

Defn: Having the ratio of one and one third to one (as 4 : 3).

SESQUITONE
Ses"qui*tone, n. Etym: [Sesqui- + tone.] (Mus.)

Defn: A minor third, or interval of three semitones.

SESS
Sess, v. t. Etym: [Aphetic form of assess. See Assess, Cess.]

Defn: To lay a tax upon; to assess. [Obs.]

SESS
Sess, n.

Defn: A tax; an assessment. See Cess. [Obs.]

SESSA
Ses"sa, interj.

Defn: Hurry; run. [Obs.] Shak.

SESSILE
Ses"sile, a. Etym: [L. sessilis low, dwarf, from sedere, sessum, to
sit: cf. F. sessile.]

1. Attached without any sensible projecting support.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Resting directly upon the main stem or branch, without a
petiole or footstalk; as, a sessile leaf or blossom.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Permanently attached; -- said of the gonophores of certain
hydroids which never became detached.

SESSILE-EYED
Ses"sile-eyed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having eyes which are not elevated on a stalk; -- opposed to
stalk-eyed. Sessile-eyed Crustacea, the Arthrostraca.

SESSION
Ses"sion, n. Etym: [L. sessio, fr. sedere, sessum, to sit: cf. F.
session. See Sit.]

1. The act of sitting, or the state of being seated. [Archaic]
So much his ascension into heaven and his session at the right hand
of God do import. Hooker.
But Viven, gathering somewhat of his mood, . . . Leaped from her
session on his lap, and stood. Tennyson.

2. The actual sitting of a court, council, legislature, etc., or the
actual assembly of the members of such a body, for the transaction of
business.
It's fit this royal session do proceed. Shak.

3. Hence, also, the time, period, or term during which a court,
council, legislature, etc., meets daily for business; or, the space
of time between the first meeting and the prorogation or adjournment;
thus, a session of Parliaments is opened with a speech from the
throne, and closed by prorogation. The session of a judicial court is
called a term.
It was resolved that the convocation should meet at the beginning of
the next session of Parliament. Macaulay.

Note: Sessions, in some of the States, is particularly used as a
title for a court of justices, held for granting licenses to
innkeepers, etc., and for laying out highways, and the like; it is
also the title of several courts of criminal jurisdiction in England
and the United States. Church session, the lowest court in the
Presbyterian Church, composed of the pastor and a body of elders
elected by the members of a particular church, and having the care of
matters pertaining to the religious interests of that church, as the
admission and dismission of members, discipline, etc.
 -- Court of Session, the supreme civil court of Scotland.
 -- Quarter sessions. (Eng.Law) See under Quarter.
 -- Sessions of the peace, sittings held by justices of the peace.
[Eng.]

SESSIONAL
Ses"sion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a session or sessions.

SESSPOOL
Sess"pool`, n. Etym: [Prov. E. suss hogwash, soss a dirty mess, a
puddle + E. pool a puddle; cf. Gael. ses a coarse mess.]

Defn: Same as Cesspool.

SESTERCE
Ses"terce, n. Etym: [L. sestertius (sc. nummus), fr. sestertius two
and a half; semis half + tertius third: cf. F. sesterce.] (Rom.
Antiq.)

Defn: A Roman coin or denomination of money, in value the fourth part
of a denarius, and originally containing two asses and a half,
afterward four asses, -- equal to about two pence sterling, or four
cents.

Note: The sestertium was equivalent to one thousand sesterces, equal
to £8 17s 1d. sterling, or about $43, before the reign of Augustus.
After his reign its value was about £7 16s. 3d. sterling. The
sesterce was originally coined only in silver, but later both in
silver and brass.

SESTET
Ses*tet", n. Etym: [It. sestetto, fr. sesto sixth, L. sextus, fr. sex
six.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A piece of music composed for six voices or six instruments; a
sextet; -- called also sestuor. [Written also sestett, sestette.]

2. (Poet.)

Defn: The last six lines of a sonnet.

SESTETTO
Ses*tet"to, n.Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A sestet.

SESTINE
Ses"tine, n.

Defn: See Sextain.

SESTUOR
Ses"tu*or, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A sestet.

SET
Set, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Set; p. pr. & vb. n. Setting.] Etym: [OE.
setten, AS. setton; akin to OS. settian, OFries. setta, D. zetten,
OHG. sezzen, G. setzen, Icel. setja, Sw. sätta, Dan. s, Goth. satjan;
causative from the root of E. sit. Sit, and cf. Seize.]

1. To cause to sit; to make to assume a specified position or
attitude; to give site or place to; to place; to put; to fix; as, to
set a house on a stone foundation; to set a book on a shelf; to set a
dish on a table; to set a chest or trunk on its bottom or on end.
I do set my bow in the cloud. Gen. ix. 13.

2. Hence, to attach or affix (something) to something else, or in or
upon a certain place.
Set your affection on things above. Col. iii. 2.
The Lord set a mark upon Cain. Gen. iv. 15.

3. To make to assume specified place, condition, or occupation; to
put in a certain condition or state (described by the accompanying
words); to cause to be.
The Lord thy God will set thee on hihg. Deut. xxviii. 1.
I am come to set a man at variance against his father, and the
daughter against her mother. Matt. x. 35.
Every incident sets him thinking. Coleridge.

4. To fix firmly; to make fast, permanent, or stable; to render
motionless; to give an unchanging place, form, or condition to.
Specifically: --
(a) To cause to stop or stick; to obstruct; to fsten to a spot;
hence, to occasion difficulty to; to embarrass; as, to set a coach in
the mud.
They show how hard they are set in this particular. Addison.

(b) To fix beforehand; to determine; hence, to make unyielding or
obstinate; to render stiff, unpliant, or rigid; as, to set one's
countenance.
His eyes were set by reason of his age. 1 Kings xiv. 4.
On these three objects his heart was set. Macaulay.
Make my heart as a millstone, set my face as a flint. Tennyson.

(c) To fix in the ground, as a post or a tree; to plant; as, to set
pear trees in an orchard.
(d) To fix, as a precious stone, in a border of metal; to place in a
setting; hence, to place in or amid something which serves as a
setting; as, to set glass in a sash.
And him too rich a jewel to be set In vulgar metal for a vulgar use.
Dryden.

(e) To render stiff or solid; especially, to convert into curd; to
curdle; as, to set milk for cheese.

5. To put into a desired position or condition; to adjust; to
regulate; to adapt. Specifically: --
(a) To put in order in a particular manner; to prepare; as, to set
(that is, to hone) a razor; to set a saw.
Tables for to sette, and beddes make. Chaucer.

(b) To extend and bring into position; to spread; as, to set the
sails of a ship.
(c) To give a pitch to, as a tune; to start by fixing the keynote;
as, to set a psalm. Fielding.
(d) To reduce from a dislocated or fractured state; to replace; as,
to set a broken bone.
(e) To make to agree with some standard; as, to set a watch or a
clock.
(f) (Masonry) To lower into place and fix silidly, as the blocks of
cut stone in a structure.

6. To stake at play; to wager; to risk.
I have set my life upon a cast, And I will stand the hazard of the
die. Shak.

7. To fit with music; to adapt, as words to notes; to prepare for
singing.
Set thy own songs, and sing them to thy lute. Dryden.

8. To determine; to appoint; to assign; to fix; as, to set a time for
a meeting; to set a price on a horse.

9. To adorn with something infixed or affixed; to stud; to variegate
with objects placed here and there.
High on their heads, with jewels richly set, Each lady wore a radiant
coronet. Dryden.
Pastoral dales thin set with modern farms. Wordsworth.

10. To value; to rate; -- with at.
Be you contented, wearing now the garland, To have a son set your
decrees at naught. Shak.
I do not set my life at a pin's fee. Shak.

11. To point out the seat or position of, as birds, or other game; --
said of hunting dogs.

12. To establish as a rule; to furnish; to prescribe; to assign; as,
to set an example; to set lessons to be learned.

13. To suit; to become; as, it sets him ill. [Scot.]

14. (Print.)

Defn: To compose; to arrange in words, lines, etc.; as, to set type;
to set a page. To set abroach. See Abroach. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- To set against, to oppose; to set in comparison with, or to
oppose to, as an equivalent in exchange; as, to set one thing against
another.
 -- To set agoing, to cause to move.
 -- To set apart, to separate to a particular use; to separate from
the rest; to reserve.
 -- To set a saw, to bend each tooth a little, every alternate one
being bent to one side, and the intermediate ones to the other side,
so that the opening made by the saw may be a little wider than the
thickness of the back, to prevent the saw from sticking.
 -- To set aside. (a) To leave out of account; to pass by; to omit;
to neglect; to reject; to annul.
Setting aside all other considerations, I will endeavor to know the
truth, and yield to that. Tillotson.
(b) To set apart; to reserve; as, to set aside part of one's income.
(c) (Law) See under Aside.
 -- To set at defiance, to defy.
 -- To set at ease, to quiet; to tranquilize; as, to set the heart at
ease.
 -- To set at naught, to undervalue; to contemn; to despise. "Ye have
set at naught all my counsel." Prov. i. 25.
 -- To set a trap, snare, or gin, to put it in a proper condition or
position to catch prey; hence, to lay a plan to deceive and draw
another into one's power.
 -- To set at work, or To set to work. (a) To cause to enter on work
or action, or to direct how tu enter on work. (b) To apply one's
self; -- used reflexively.
 -- To set before. (a) To bring out to view before; to exhibit. (b)
To propose for choice to; to offer to.
 -- To set by. (a) To set apart or on one side; to reject. (b) To
attach the value of (anything) to. "I set not a straw by thy
dreamings." Chaucer.
 -- To set by the compass, to observe and note the bearing or
situation of by the compass.
 -- To set case, to suppose; to assume. Cf. Put case, under Put, v.
t. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- To set down. (a) To enter in writing; to register.
Some rules were to be set down for the government of the army.
Clarendon.
(b) To fix; to establish; to ordain.
This law we may name eternal, being that order which God . . . hath
set down with himself, for himself to do all things by. Hooker.
(c) To humiliate.
 -- To set eyes on, to see; to behold; to fasten the eyes on.
 -- To set fire to, or To set on fire, to communicate fire to; fig.,
to inflame; to enkindle the passions of; to irritate.
 -- To set flying (Naut.), to hook to halyards, sheets, etc., instead
of extending with rings or the like on a stay; -- said of a sail.
 -- To set forth. (a) To manifest; to offer or present to view; to
exhibt; to display. (b) To publish; to promulgate; to make appear.
Waller. (c) To send out; to prepare and send. [Obs.]
The Venetian admiral had a fleet of sixty galleys, set forth by the
Venetians. Knolles.
-- To set forward. (a) To cause to advance. (b) To promote.
 -- To set free, to release from confinement, imprisonment, or
bondage; to liberate; to emancipate.
 -- To set in, to put in the way; to begin; to give a start to.
[Obs.]
If you please to assist and set me in, I will recollect myself.
Collier.
-- To set in order, to adjust or arrange; to reduce to method. "The
rest will I set in order when I come." 1 Cor. xi. 34.
 -- To set milk. (a) To expose it in open dishes in order that the
cream may rise to the surface. (b) To cause it to become curdled as
by the action of rennet. See 4 (e).
 -- To set much, or little, by, to care much, or little, for.
 -- To set of, to value; to set by. [Obs.] "I set not an haw of his
proverbs." Chaucer.
 -- To set off. (a) To separate from a whole; to assign to a
particular purpose; to portion off; as, to set off a portion of an
estate. (b) To adorn; to decorate; to embellish.
They . . . set off the worst faces with the best airs. Addison.
(c) To give a flattering description of.
 -- To set off against, to place against as an equivalent; as, to set
off one man's services against another's.
 -- To set on or upon. (a) To incite; to instigate. "Thou, traitor,
hast set on thy wife to this." Shak. (b) To employ, as in a task. "
Set on thy wife to observe." Shak. (c) To fix upon; to attach
strongly to; as, to set one's heart or affections on some object. See
definition 2, above.
 -- To set one's cap for. See under Cap, n.
 -- To set one's self against, to place one's self in a state of
enmity or opposition to.
 -- To set one's teeth, to press them together tightly.
 -- To set on foot, to set going; to put in motion; to start.
 -- To set out. (a) To assign; to allot; to mark off; to limit; as,
to set out the share of each proprietor or heir of an estate; to set
out the widow's thirds. (b) To publish, as a proclamation. [Obs.] (c)
To adorn; to embellish.
An ugly woman, in rich habit set out with jewels, nothing can become.
Dryden.
(d) To raise, equip, and send forth; to furnish. [R.]
The Venetians pretend they could set out, in case of great necessity,
thirty men-of-war. Addison.
(e) To show; to display; to recommend; to set off.
I could set out that best side of Luther. Atterbury.
(f) To show; to prove. [R.] "Those very reasons set out how heinous
his sin was." Atterbury. (g) (Law) To recite; to state at large.
 -- To set over. (a) To appoint or constitute as supervisor,
inspector, ruler, or commander. (b) To assign; to transfer; to
convey.
 -- To set right, to correct; to put in order.
 -- To set sail. (Naut.) See under Sail, n.
 -- To set store by, to consider valuable.
 -- To set the fashion, to determine what shall be the fashion; to
establish the mode.
 -- To set the teeth on edge, to affect the teeth with a disagreeable
sensation, as when acids are brought in contact with them.
 -- To set the watch (Naut.), to place the starboard or port watch on
duty.
 -- To set to, to attach to; to affix to. "He . . . hath set to his
seal that God is true." John iii. 33.
 -- To set up. (a) To erect; to raise; to elevate; as, to set up a
building, or a machine; to set up a post, a wall, a pillar. (b)
Hence, to exalt; to put in power. "I will . . . set up the throne of
David over Israel." 2 Sam. iii. 10. (c) To begin, as a new
institution; to institute; to establish; to found; as, to set up a
manufactory; to set up a school. (d) To enable to commence a new
business; as, to set up a son in trade. (e) To place in view; as, to
set up a mark. (f) To raise; to utter loudly; as, to set up the
voice.
I'll set up such a note as she shall hear. Dryden.
(g) To advance; to propose as truth or for reception; as, to set up a
new opinion or doctrine. T. Burnet. (h) To raise from depression, or
to a sufficient fortune; as, this good fortune quite set him up. (i)
To intoxicate. [Slang] (j) (Print.) To put in type; as, to set up
copy; to arrange in words, lines, etc., ready for printing; as, to
set up type.
 -- To set up the rigging (Naut.), to make it taut by means of
tackles. R. H. Dana, Jr.

Syn.
 -- See Put.

SET
Set, v. i.

1. To pass below the horizon; to go down; to decline; to sink out of
sight; to come to an end.
Ere the weary sun set in the west. Shak.
Thus this century sets with little mirth, and the next is likely to
arise with more mourning. Fuller.

2. To fit music to words. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To place plants or shoots in the ground; to plant. "To sow dry,
and set wet." Old Proverb.

4. To be fixed for growth; to strike root; to begin to germinate or
form; as, cuttings set well; the fruit has set well (i. e., not
blasted in the blossom).

5. To become fixed or rigid; to be fastened.
A gathering and serring of the spirits together to resist, maketh the
teeth to set hard one against another. Bacon.

6. To congeal; to concrete; to solidify.
That fluid substance in a few minutes begins to set. Boyle.

7. To have a certain direction in motion; to flow; to move on; to
tend; as, the current sets to the north; the tide sets to the
windward.

8. To begin to move; to go out or forth; to start; -- now followed by
out.
The king is set from London. Shak.

9. To indicate the position of game; -- said of a dog; as, the dog
sets well; also, to hunt game by the aid of a setter.

10. To apply one's self; to undertake earnestly; -- now followed by
out.
If he sets industriously and sincerely to perform the commands of
Christ, he can have no ground of doubting but it shall prove
successful to him. Hammond.

11. To fit or suit one; to sit; as, the coat sets well.

Note: [Colloquially used, but improperly, for sit.]

Note: The use of the verb set for sit in such expressions as, the hen
is setting on thirteen eggs; a setting hen, etc., although
colloquially common, and sometimes tolerated in serious writing, is
not to be approved. To set about, to commence; to begin.
 -- To set forward, to move or march; to begin to march; to advance.
 -- To set forth, to begin a journey.
 -- To set in. (a) To begin; to enter upon a particular state; as,
winter set in early. (b) To settle one's self; to become established.
"When the weather was set in to be very bad." Addyson. (c) To flow
toward the shore; -- said of the tide.
 -- To set off. (a) To enter upon a journey; to start. (b) (Typog.)
To deface or soil the next sheet; -- said of the ink on a freshly
printed sheet, when another sheet comes in contract with it before it
has had time to dry.
 -- To set on or upon. (a) To begin, as a journey or enterprise; to
set about.
He that would seriously set upon the search of truth. Locke.
(b) To assault; to make an attack. Bacon.
Cassio hath here been set on in the dark. Shak.
-- To set out, to begin a journey or course; as, to set out for
London, or from London; to set out in business;to set out in life or
the world.
 -- To set to, to apply one's self to.
 -- To set up. (a) To begin business or a scheme of life; as, to set
up in trade; to set up for one's self. (b) To profess openly; to make
pretensions.
Those men who set up for mortality without regard to religion, are
generally but virtuous in part. Swift.

SET
Set, a.

1. Fixed in position; immovable; rigid; as, a set line; a set
countenance.

2. Firm; unchanging; obstinate; as, set opinions or prejudices.

3. Regular; uniform; formal; as, a set discourse; a set battle. "The
set phrase of peace." Shak.

4. Established; prescribed; as, set forms of prayer.

5. Adjusted; arranged; formed; adapted. Set hammer. (a) A hammer the
head of which is not tightly fastened upon the handle, but may be
reversed. Knight. (b) A hammer with a concave face which forms a die
for shaping anything, as the end of a bolt, rivet, etc.
 -- Set line, a line to which a number of baited hooks are attached,
and which, supported by floats and properly secured, may be left
unguarded during the absence of the fisherman.
 -- Set nut, a jam nut or lock nut. See under Nut.
 -- Set screw (Mach.), a screw, sometimes cupped or printed at one
end, and screwed through one part, as of a machine, tightly upon
another part, to prevent the one from slipping upon the other.
 -- Set speech, a speech carefully prepared before it is delivered in
public; a formal or methodical speech.

SET
Set, n.

1. The act of setting, as of the sun or other heavenly body; descent;
hence, the close; termination. "Locking at the set of day." Tennyson.
The weary sun hath made a golden set. Shak.

2. That which is set, placed, or fixed. Specifically: --
(a) A young plant for growth; as, a set of white thorn.
(b) That which is staked; a wager; a venture; a stake; hence, a game
at venture. [Obs. or R.]
We will in France, by God's grace, play a set Shall strike his
father's crown into the hazard. Shak.
That was but civil war, an equal set. Dryden.
(c) (Mech.)

Defn: Permanent change of figure in consequence of excessive strain,
as from compression, tension, bending, twisting, etc.; as, the set of
a spring.
(d) A kind of punch used for bending, indenting, or giving shape to,
metal; as, a saw set. (e) (Pile Driving)

Defn: A piece placed temporarily upon the head of a pile when the
latter cannot be reached by the weight, or hammer, except by means of
such an intervening piece. [Often incorrectly written sett.] (f)
(Carp.)

Defn: A short steel spike used for driving the head of a nail below
the surface.

3. Etym: [Perhaps due to confusion with sect, sept.]

Defn: A number of things of the same kind, ordinarily used or classed
together; a collection of articles which naturally complement each
other, and usually go together; an assortment; a suit; as, a set of
chairs, of china, of surgical or mathematical instruments, of books,
etc. [In this sense, sometimes incorrectly written sett.]

4. A number of persons associated by custom, office, common opinion,
quality, or the like; a division; a group; a clique. "Others of our
set." Tennyson.
This falls into different divisions, or sets, of nations connected
under particular religions. R. P. Ward.

5. Direction or course; as, the set of the wind, or of a current.

6. In dancing, the number of persons necessary to execute a
quadrille; also, the series of figures or movements executed.

7. The deflection of a tooth, or of the teeth, of a saw, which causes
the the saw to cut a kerf, or make an opening, wider than the blade.

8.
(a) A young oyster when first attached.
(b) Collectively, the crop of young oysters in any locality.

9. (Tennis)

Defn: A series of as many games as may be necessary to enable one
side to win six. If at the end of the tenth game the score is a tie,
the set is usually called a deuce set, and decided by an application
of the rules for playing off deuce in a game. See Deuce.

10. (Type Founding)

Defn: That dimension of the body of a type called by printers the
width. Dead set. (a) The act of a setter dog when it discovers the
game, and remains intently fixed in pointing it out. (b) A fixed or
stationary condition arising from obstacle or hindrance; a deadlock;
as, to be at a dead set. (c) A concerted scheme to defraud by gaming;
a determined onset.
 -- To make a dead set, to make a determined onset, literally or
figuratively.

Syn.
 -- Collection; series; group. See Pair.

SETA
Se"ta, n.; pl. Setæ. Etym: [L. seta, saeta, a bristle.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Any slender, more or less rigid, bristlelike organ or part; as
the hairs of a caterpillar, the slender spines of a crustacean, the
hairlike processes of a protozoan, the bristles or stiff hairs on the
leaves of some plants, or the pedicel of the capsule of a moss.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the movable chitinous spines or hooks of an annelid. They
usually arise in clusters from muscular capsules, and are used in
locomotion and for defense. They are very diverse in form.
(b) One of the spinelike feathers at the base of the bill of certain
birds.

SETACEOUS
Se*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [L. seta a bristle: cf. F. sétacé.]

1. Set with, or consisting of, bristles; bristly; as, a stiff,
setaceous tail.

2. Bristelike in form or texture; as, a setaceous feather; a
setaceous leaf.

SETBACK
Set"back`, n.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: Offset, n., 4.

2. A backset; a countercurrent; an eddy. [U. S.]

3. A backset; a check; a repulse; a reverse; a relapse. [Colloq.
U.S.]

SETBOLT
Set"bolt`, n. (Shipbuilding)

1. An iron pin, or bolt, for fitting planks closely together. Craig.

2. A bolt used for forcing another bolt out of its hole.

SET CHISEL
Set chisel. (Mech.)

Defn: A kind of chisel or punch, variously shaped, with a broad flat
end, used for stripping off rivet heads, etc.

SETDOWN
Set"down`, n.

Defn: The humbling of a person by act or words, especially by a
retort or a reproof; the retort or the reproof which has such effect.

SETEE
Set*ee", n. (Naut.)

Defn: See 2d Settee.

SETEN
Set"en,

Defn: obs. imp. pl. of Sit. Sat. Chaucer.

SETEWALE
Set"e*wale, n.

Defn: See Cetewale. [Obs.]

SET-FAIR
Set"-fair`, n.

Defn: In plastering, a particularly good troweled surface. Knight.

SETFOIL
Set"foil`, n.

Defn: See Septfoil.

SETHEN
Seth"en, adv. & conj.

Defn: See Since. [Obs.]

SETHIC
Seth"ic, a.

Defn: See Sothic.

SETIFEROUS
Se*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. seta a bristle + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing, or having one or more, bristles.

SETIFORM
Se"ti*form, a. Etym: [Seta + -form: cf. F. sétiforme.]

Defn: Having the form or structure of setæ.

SETIGER
Se"ti*ger, n. Etym: [NL. See Setigerous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An annelid having setæ; a chætopod.

SETIGEROUS
Se*tig"er*ous, a. Etym: [Seta + -gerous.]

Defn: Covered with bristles; having or bearing a seta or setæ;
setiferous; as, setigerous glands; a setigerous segment of an
annelid; specifically (Bot.), tipped with a bristle.

SETIM
Se"tim, n.

Defn: See Shittim.

SETIPAROUS
Se*tip"a*rous, a. Etym: [Seta + L. papere to produce.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing setæ; -- said of the organs from which the setæ of
annelids arise.

SETIREME
Se"ti*reme, n. Etym: [Seta + L. remus an oar.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A swimming leg (of an insect) having a fringe of hairs on the
margin.

SETNESS
Set"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being set; formality; obstinacy. "The
starched setness of a sententious writer." R. Masters.

SET-OFF
Set"-off`, n. Etym: [Set + off.]

1. That which is set off against another thing; an offset.
I do not contemplate such a heroine as a set-off to the many sins
imputed to me as committed against woman. D. Jerrold.

2. That which is used to improve the appearance of anything; a
decoration; an ornament.

3. (Law)

Defn: A counterclaim; a cross debt or demand; a distinct claim filed
or set up by the defendant against the plaintiff's demand.

Note: Set-off differs from recoupment, as the latter generally grows
out of the same matter or contract with the plaintiff's claim, while
the former grows out of distinct matter, and does not of itself deny
the justice of the plaintiff's demand. Offset is sometimes improperly
used for the legal term set-off. See Recoupment.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Offset, n., 4.

5. (Print.)

Defn: See Offset, 7.

Syn.
 -- Set-off, Offset.
 -- Offset originally denoted that which branches off or projects, as
a shoot from a tree, but the term has long been used in America in
the sense of set-off. This use is beginning to obtain in England;
though Macaulay uses set-off, and so, perhaps, do a majority of
English writers.

SETON
Se"ton, n. Etym: [F. séton (cf. It. setone), from L. seta a thick,
stiff hair, a bristle.] (Med. & Far.)

Defn: A few silk threads or horsehairs, or a strip of linen or the
like, introduced beneath the skin by a knife or needle, so as to form
an issue; also, the issue so formed.

SETOSE; SETOUS
Se*tose", Se"tous, a. Etym: [L. setosus, saetosus, from seta, saeta,
bristle: cf. F. séteux.]

Defn: Thickly set with bristles or bristly hairs.

SETOUT
Set"out`, n.

Defn: A display, as of plate, equipage, etc.; that which is
displayed. [Coloq.] Dickens.

SET-STITCHED
Set"-stitched`, a.

Defn: Stitched according to a formal pattern. "An old set-stiched
chair, valanced, and fringed with party-colored worsted bobs."
Sterne.

SETT
Sett, n.

Defn: See Set, n., 2 (e) and 3.

SETTEE
Set*tee", n. Etym: [From Set; cf. Settle a seat.]

Defn: A long seat with a back, -- made to accommodate several persons
at once.

SETTEE
Set*tee", n. Etym: [F. scétie, scitie.] (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel with a very long, sharp prow, carrying two or three
masts with lateen sails, -- used in the Mediterranean. [Written also
setee.]

SETTER
Set"ter, n.

1. One who, or that which, sets; -- used mostly in composition with a
noun, as typesetter; or in combination with an adverb, as a setter on
(or inciter), a setter up, a setter forth.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hunting dog of a special breed originally derived from a
cross between the spaniel and the pointer. Modern setters are usually
trained to indicate the position of game birds by standing in a fixed
position, but originally they indicated it by sitting or crouching.

Note: There are several distinct varieties of setters; as, the Irish,
or red, setter; the Gordon setter, which is usually red or tan varied
with black; and the English setter, which is variously colored, but
usually white and tawny red, with or without black.

3. One who hunts victims for sharpers. Shak.

4. One who adapts words to music in composition.

5. An adornment; a decoration; -- with off. [Obs.]
They come as . . . setters off of thy graces. Whitlock.

6. (Pottery)

Defn: A shallow seggar for porcelain. Ure.

SETTER
Set"ter, v. t.

Defn: To cut the dewlap (of a cow or an ox), and to insert a seton,
so as to cause an issue. [Prov. Eng.]

SETTERWORT
Set"ter*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The bear's-foot (Helleborus foetidus); -- so called because the
root was used in settering, or inserting setons into the dewlaps of
cattle. Called also pegroots. Dr. Prior.

SETTING
Set"ting, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, sets; as, the setting of type,
or of gems; the setting of the sun; the setting (hardening) of moist
plaster of Paris; the setting (set) of a current.

2. The act of marking the position of game, as a setter does; also,
hunting with a setter. Boyle.

3. Something set in, or inserted.
Thou shalt set in it settings of stones. Ex. xxviii. 17.

4. That in which something, as a gem, is set; as, the gold setting of
a jeweled pin. Setting coat (Arch.), the finishing or last coat of
plastering on walls or ceilings.
 -- Setting dog, a setter. See Setter, n., 2.
 -- Setting pole, a pole, often iron-pointed, used for pushing boats
along in shallow water.
 -- Setting rule. (Print.) A composing rule.

SETTING-UP EXERCISE
Set`ting-up" ex"er*cise.

Defn: Any one of a series of gymnastic exercises used, as in drilling
recruits, for the purpose of giving an erect carriage, supple
muscles, and an easy control of the limbs.

SETTLE
Set"tle, n. Etym: [OE. setel, setil, a seat, AS. setl: akin to OHG.
sezzal, G. sessel, Goth. sitls, and E. sit. sq. root154. See Sit.]

1. A seat of any kind. [Obs.] "Upon the settle of his majesty"
Hampole.

2. A bench; especially, a bench with a high back.

3. A place made lower than the rest; a wide step or platform lower
than some other part.
And from the bottom upon the ground, even to the lower settle, shall
be two cubits, and the breadth one cubit. Ezek. xliii. 14.
Settle bed, a bed convertible into a seat. [Eng.]

SETTLE
Set"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Settled; p. pr. & vb. n. Settling.]
Etym: [OE. setlen, AS. setlan. sq. root154. See Settle, n. In senses
7, 8, and 9 perhaps confused with OE. sahtlen to reconcile, AS.
sahtlian, fr. saht reconciliation, sacon to contend, dispute. Cf.
Sake.]

1. To place in a fixed or permanent condition; to make firm, steady,
or stable; to establish; to fix; esp., to establish in life; to fix
in business, in a home, or the like.
And he settled his countenance steadfastly upon him, until he was
ashamed. 2 Kings viii. 11. (Rev. Ver.)
The father thought the time drew on Of setting in the world his only
son. Dryden.

2. To establish in the pastoral office; to ordain or install as
pastor or rector of a church, society, or parish; as, to settle a
minister. [U. S.]

3. To cause to be no longer in a disturbed condition; to render
quiet; to still; to calm; to compose.
God settled then the huge whale-bearing lake. Chapman.
Hoping that sleep might settle his brains. Bunyan.

4. To clear of dregs and impurities by causing them to sink; to
render pure or clear; -- said of a liquid; as, to settle coffee, or
the grounds of coffee.

5. To restore or bring to a smooth, dry, or passable condition; --
said of the ground, of roads, and the like; as, clear weather settles
the roads.

6. To cause to sink; to lower; to depress; hence, also, to render
close or compact; as, to settle the contents of a barrel or bag by
shaking it.

7. To determine, as something which is exposed to doubt or question;
to free from unscertainty or wavering; to make sure, firm, or
constant; to establish; to compose; to quiet; as, to settle the mind
when agitated; to settle questions of law; to settle the succession
to a throne; to settle an allowance.
It will settle the wavering, and confirm the doubtful. Swift.

8. To adjust, as something in discussion; to make up; to compose; to
pacify; as, to settle a quarrel.

9. To adjust, as accounts; to liquidate; to balance; as, to settle an
account.

10. Hence, to pay; as, to settle a bill. [Colloq.] Abbott.

11. To plant with inhabitants; to colonize; to people; as, the French
first settled Canada; the Puritans settled New England; Plymouth was
settled in 1620. To settle on or upon, to confer upon by permanent
grant; to assure to. "I . . . have settled upon him a good annuity."
Addison.
 -- To settle the land (Naut.), to cause it to sink, or appear lower,
by receding from it.

Syn.
 -- To fix; establish; regulate; arrange; compose; adjust; determine;
decide.

SETTLE
Set"tle, v. i.

1. To become fixed or permanent; to become stationary; to establish
one's self or itself; to assume a lasting form, condition, direction,
or the like, in place of a temporary or changing state.
The wind came about and settled in the west. Bacon.
Chyle . . . runs through all the intermediate colors until it settles
in an intense red. Arbuthnot.

2. To fix one's residence; to establish a dwelling place or home; as,
the Saxons who settled in Britain.

3. To enter into the married state, or the state of a householder.
As people marry now and settle. Prior.

4. To be established in an employment or profession; as, to settle in
the practice of law.

5. To become firm, dry, and hard, as the ground after the effects of
rain or frost have disappeared; as, the roads settled late in the
spring.

6. To become clear after being turbid or obscure; to clarify by
depositing matter held in suspension; as, the weather settled; wine
settles by standing.
A government, on such occasions, is always thick before it settles.
Addison.

7. To sink to the bottom; to fall to the bottom, as dregs of a
liquid, or the sediment of a reserveir.

8. To sink gradually to a lower level; to subside, as the foundation
of a house, etc.

9. To become calm; to cease from agitation.
Till the fury of his highness settle, Come not before him. Shak.

10. To adjust differences or accounts; to come to an agreement; as,
he has settled with his creditors.

11. To make a jointure for a wife.
He sighs with most success that settles well. Garth.

SETTLEDNESS
Set"tled*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being settled; confirmed state. [R.]
Bp. Hall.

SETTLEMENT
Set"tle*ment, n.

1. The act of setting, or the state of being settled. Specifically: -
-
(a) Establishment in life, in business, condition, etc.; ordination
or installation as pastor.
Every man living has a design in his head upon wealth power, or
settlement in the world. L'Estrange.

(b) The act of peopling, or state of being peopled; act of planting,
as a colony; colonization; occupation by settlers; as, the settlement
of a new country.

(c) The act or process of adjusting or determining; composure of
doubts or differences; pacification; liquidation of accounts;
arrangement; adjustment; as, settlement of a controversy, of
accounts, etc.
(d) Bestowal, or giving possession, under legal sanction; the act of
giving or conferring anything in a formal and permanent manner.
My flocks, my fields, my woods, my pastures take, With settlement as
good as law can make. Dryden.
(e) (Law)

Defn: A disposition of property for the benefit of some person or
persons, usually through the medium of trustees, and for the benefit
of a wife, children, or other relatives; jointure granted to a wife,
or the act of granting it.

2. That which settles, or is settled, established, or fixed.
Specifically: --
(a) Matter that subsides; settlings; sediment; lees; dregs. [Obs.]
Fuller's earth left a thick settlement. Mortimer.

(b) A colony newly established; a place or region newly settled; as,
settlement in the West.
(c) That which is bestowed formally and permanently; the sum secured
to a person; especially, a jointure made to a woman at her marriage;
also, in the United States, a sum of money or other property formerly
granted to a pastor in additional to his salary.

3. (Arch.)
(a) The gradual sinking of a building, whether by the yielding of the
ground under the foundation, or by the compression of the joints or
the material. (b) pl.

Defn: Fractures or dislocations caused by settlement.

4. (Law)

Defn: A settled place of abode; residence; a right growing out of
residence; legal residence or establishment of a person in a
particular parish or town, which entitles him to maintenance if a
pauper, and subjects the parish or town to his support. Blackstone.
Bouvier. Act of settlement (Eng. Hist.), the statute of 12 and 13
William III, by which the crown was limited to the present reigning
house (the house of Hanover). Blackstone.

SETTLER
Set"tler, n.

1. One who settles, becomes fixed, established, etc.

2. Especially, one who establishes himself in a new region or a
colony; a colonist; a planter; as, the first settlers of New England.

3. That which settles or finishes; hence, a blow, etc., which settles
or decides a contest. [Colloq.]

4. A vessel, as a tub, in which something, as pulverized ore
suspended in a liquid, is allowed to settle.

SETTLING
Set"tling, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, settles; the act of
establishing one's self, of colonizing, subsiding, adjusting, etc.

2. pl.

Defn: That which settles at the bottom of a liquid; lees; dregs;
sediment. Milton. Settling day, a day for settling accounts, as in
the stock market.

SET-TO
Set"-to`, n.

Defn: A contest in boxing, in an argument, or the like. [Colloq.]
Halliwell.

SETULA
Set"u*la, n.; pl. Setulæ. Etym: [L. setula, saetula, dim. of seta,
saeta, bristle.]

Defn: A small, short hair or bristle; a small seta.

SETULE
Set"ule, n. Etym: [See Setula.]

Defn: A setula.

SETULOSE
Set"u*lose`, a.

Defn: Having small bristles or setæ.

SETWALL
Set"wall`, n. Etym: [CF. Cetewale.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant formerly valued for its restorative qualities
(Valeriana officinalis, or V. Pyrenaica). [Obs.] [Written also
setwal.] Chaucer.

SEVEN
Sev"en, a. Etym: [OE. seven, seoven, seofen, AS. seofon, seofan,
seofen; akin to D. zeven, OS., Goth., & OHG. sibun, G. sieben, Icel.
sjau, sjö, Sw. sju, Dan. syv, Lith. septyni, Russ. seme, W. saith,
Gael. seachd, Ir. seacht, L. septem, Gr. saptan. sq. root305. Cf.
Hebdomad, Heptagon, September.]

Defn: One more than six; six and one added; as, seven days make one
week. Seven sciences. See the Note under Science, n., 4.
 -- Seven stars (Astron.), the Pleiades.
 -- Seven wonders of the world. See under Wonders.
 -- Seven-year apple (Bot.), a rubiaceous shrub (Genipa clusiifolia)
growing in the West Indies; also, its edible fruit.
 -- Seven-year vine (Bot.), a tropical climbing plant (Ipomoea
tuberosa) related to the morning-glory.

SEVEN
Sev"en, n.

1. The number greater by one than six; seven units or objects.
Of every beast, and bird, and insect small, Game sevens and pairs.
Milton.

2. A symbol representing seven units, as 7, or vii.

SEVENFOLD
Sev"en*fold`, a.

Defn: Repeated seven times; having seven thicknesses; increased to
seven times the size or amount. "Sevenfold rage." Milton.

SEVENFOLD
Sev"en*fold`, adv.

Defn: Seven times as much or as often.
Whosoever slayeth Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold.
Gen. iv. 15.

SEVENNIGHT
Seven"night, n.

Defn: A week; any period of seven consecutive days and nights. See
Sennight.

SEVENSCORE
Sev"en*score`, n. & a.

Defn: Seven times twenty, that is, a hundred and forty.
The old Countess of Desmond . . . lived sevenscore years. Bacon.

SEVEN-SHOOTER
Sev"en-shoot`er, n.

Defn: A firearm, esp. a pistol, with seven barrels or chambers for
cartridges, or one capable of firing seven shots without reloading.
[Colloq.]

SEVENTEEN
Sev"en*teen`, a. Etym: [OE. seventene, AS. seofontyne, i. e., seven-
ten. Cf. Seventy.]

Defn: One more than sixteen; ten and seven added; as, seventeen
years.

SEVENTEEN
Sev"en*teen`, n.

1. The number greater by one than sixteen; the sum of ten and seven;
seventeen units or objects.

2. A symbol denoting seventeen units, as 17, or xvii.

SEVENTEENTH
Sev"en*teenth`, a. Etym: [From Seventeen: cf. AS. seofonteóedha,
seofonteogeedha.]

1. Next in order after the sixteenth; coming after sixteen others.
In . . . the seventeenth day of the month . . . were all the
fountains of the great deep broken up. Gen. vii. 11.

2. Constituting or being one of seventeen equal parts into which
anything is divided.

SEVENTEENTH
Sev"en*teenth`, n.

1. The next in order after the sixteenth; one coming after sixteen
others.

2. The quotient of a unit divided by seventeen; one of seventeen
equal parts or divisions of one whole.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: An interval of two octaves and a third.

SEVENTH
Sev"enth, a. Etym: [From Seven: cf. AS. seofoedha.]

1. Next in order after the sixth;; coming after six others.
On the seventh day, God ended his work which he had made; and he
rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. Gen.
ii. 2.

2. Constituting or being one of seven equal parts into which anything
is divided; as, the seventh part. Seventh day, the seventh day of the
week; Saturday.
 -- Seventh-day Baptists. See under Baptist.

SEVENTH
Sev"enth, n.

1. One next in order after the sixth; one coming after six others.

2. The quotient of a unit divided by seven; one of seven equal parts
into which anything is divided.

3. (Mus.)
(a) An interval embracing seven diatonic degrees of the scale.
(b) A chord which includes the interval of a seventh whether major,
minor, or diminished.

SEVEN-THIRTIES
Sev`en-thir"ties, n. pl.

Defn: A name given to three several issues of United States Treasury
notes, made during the Civil War, in denominations of $50 and over,
bearing interest at the rate of seven and three tenths (thirty
hundredths) per cent annually. Within a few years they were all
redeemed or funded.

SEVENTHLY
Sev"enth*ly, adv.

Defn: In the seventh place.

SEVENTIETH
Sev"en*ti*eth, a. Etym: [AS. hund-seofontigoedha.]

1. Next in order after the sixty-ninth; as, a man in the seventieth
year of his age.

2. Constituting or being one of seventy equal parts.

SEVENTIETH
Sev"en*ti*eth, n.

1. One next in order after the sixty-ninth.

2. The quotient of a unit divided by seventy; one of seventy equal
parts or fractions.

SEVENTY
Sev"en*ty, a. Etym: [AS. hund-seofontig. See Seven, and Ten, and cf.
Seventeen, Sixty.]

Defn: Seven times ten; one more than sixty-nine.

SEVENTY
Sev"en*ty, n.; pl. Seventies (.

1. The sum of seven times ten; seventy units or objects.

2. A symbol representing seventy units, as 70, or lxx. The Seventy,
the translators of the Greek version of the Old Testament called the
Septuagint. See Septuagint.

SEVENTY-FOUR
Sev`en*ty-four", n. (Naut.)

Defn: A naval vessel carrying seventy-four guns.

SEVEN-UP
Sev"en-up`, n.

Defn: The game of cards called also all fours, and old sledge. [U.
S.]

SEVER
Sev"er, v. t. [imp. &. p. p. Severed; p. pr. & vb. n. Severing.]
Etym: [OF. sevrer, severer, to separate, F. sevrer to wean, fr. L.
separare. See Separate, and cf. Several.]

1. To separate, as one from another; to cut off from something; to
divide; to part in any way, especially by violence, as by cutting,
rending, etc.; as, to sever the head from the body.
The angels shall come forth, and sever the wicked from among the
just. Matt. xiii. 49.

2. To cut or break open or apart; to divide into parts; to cut
through; to disjoin; as, to sever the arm or leg.
Our state can not be severed; we are one. Milton.

3. To keep distinct or apart; to except; to exempt.
I will sever in that day the land of Goshen, in which my people
dwell, that no swarms of flies shall be there. Ex. viii. 22.

4. (Law)

Defn: To disunite; to disconnect; to terminate; as, to sever an
estate in joint tenancy. Blackstone.

SEVER
Sev"er, v. i.

1. To suffer disjunction; to be parted, or rent asunder; to be
separated; to part; to separate. Shak.

2. To make a separation or distinction; to distinguish.
The Lord shall sever between the cattle of Israel and the cattle of
Egypt. Ex. ix. 4.
They claimed the right of severing in their challenge. Macaulay.

SEVERABLE
Sev"er*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being severed. Encyc. Dict.

SEVERAL
Sev"er*al, a. Etym: [OF., fr. LL. separalis, fr. L. separ separate,
different. See Sever, Separate.]

1. Separate; distinct; particular; single.
Each several ship a victory did gain. Dryden.
Each might his several province well command, Would all but stoop to
what they understand. Pope.

2. Diverse; different; various. Spenser.
Habits and faculties, several, and to be distinguished. Bacon.
Four several armies to the field are led. Dryden.

3. Consisting of a number more than two, but not very many; divers;
sundry; as, several persons were present when the event took place.

SEVERAL
Sev"er*al, adv.

Defn: By itself; severally. [Obs.]
Every kind of thing is laid up several in barns or storehoudses.
Robynson (More's Utopia).

SEVERAL
Sev"er*al, n.

1. Each particular taken singly; an item; a detail; an individual.
[Obs.]
There was not time enough to hear . . . The severals. Shak.

2. Persons oe objects, more than two, but not very many.
Several of them neither rose from any conspicuous family, nor left
any behind them. Addison.

3. An inclosed or separate place; inclosure. [Obs.]
They had their several for heathen nations, their several for the
people of their own nation. Hooker.
In several, in a state of separation. [R.] "Where pastures in several
be." Tusser.

SEVERALITY
Sev`er*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Severalities (.

Defn: Each particular taken singly; distinction. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

SEVERALIZE
Sev"er*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To distinguish. [Obs.]

SEVERALLY
Sev"er*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Separately; distinctly; apart from others; individually.
There must be an auditor to check and revise each severally by
itself. De Quincey.

SEVERALTY
Sev"er*al*ty, n.

Defn: A state of separation from the rest, or from all others; a
holding by individual right.
Forests which had never been owned in severalty. Bancroft.
Estate in severalty (Law), an estate which the tenant holds in his
own right, without being joined in interest with any other person; --
distinguished from joint tenancy, coparcenary, and common.
Blackstone.

SEVERANCE
Sev"er*ance, n.

1. The act of severing, or the state of being severed; partition;
separation. Milman.

2. (Law)

Defn: The act of dividing; the singling or severing of two or more
that join, or are joined, in one writ; the putting in several or
separate pleas or answers by two or more disjointly; the destruction
of the unity of interest in a joint estate. Bouvier.

SEVERE
Se*vere", a. [Compar. Severer; superl. Severest.] Etym: [L. severus;
perhaps akin to Gr. swikns innocent, chaste: cf. F. sévère. Cf.
Asseverate, Persevere.]

1. Serious in feeeling or manner; sedate; grave; austere; not light,
lively, or cheerful.
Your looks alter, as your subject does, From kind to fierce, from
wanton to severe. Waller.

2. Very strict in judgment, discipline, or government; harsh; not
mild or indulgent; rigorous; as, severe criticism; severe punishment.
"Custody severe." Milton.
Come! you are too severe a moraler. Shak.
Let your zeal, if it must be expressed in anger, be always more
severe against thyself than against others. Jer. Taylor.

3. Rigidly methodical, or adherent to rule or principle; exactly
conformed to a standard; not allowing or employing unneccessary
ornament, amplification, etc.; strict; -- said of style, argument,
etc. "Restrained by reason and severe principles." Jer. Taylor.
The Latin, a most severe and compendious language. Dryden.

4. Sharp; afflictive; distressing; violent; extreme; as, severe pain,
anguish, fortune; severe cold.

5. Difficult to be endured; exact; critical; rigorous; as, a severe
test.

Syn.
 -- Strict; grave; austere; stern; morose; rigid; exact; rigorous;
hard; rough; harsh; censorious; tart; acrimonious; sarcastic;
satirical; cutting; biting; keen; bitter; cruel. See Strict.
 -- Se*vere"ly, adv.
 -- Se*vere"ness, n.

SEVERITY
Se*ver"i*ty, n.; pl. Severities. Etym: [L. severitas: cf. F.
sévérité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being severe. Specifically: --
(a) Gravity or austerity; extreme strictness; rigor; harshness; as,
the severity of a reprimand or a reproof; severity of discipline or
government; severity of penalties. "Strict age, and sour severity."
Milton.
(b) The quality or power of distressing or paining; extreme degree;
extremity; intensity; inclemency; as, the severity of pain or
anguish; the severity of cold or heat; the severity of the winter.
(c) Harshness; cruel treatment; sharpness of punishment; as, severity
practiced on prisoners of war.
(d) Exactness; rigorousness; strictness; as, the severity of a test.
Confining myself to the severity of truth. Dryden.

SEVERY
Sev"er*y, n. Etym: [Prob. corrupted fr. ciborium. Oxf. Gloss.]
(Arch.)

Defn: A bay or compartment of a vaulted ceiling. [Written also
civery.]

SEVOCATION
Sev`o*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. sevocare, sevocatum, to call aside.]

Defn: A calling aside. [Obs.]

SEVRES BLUE
Sè"vres blue`.

Defn: A very light blue.

SEVRES WARE
Sè"vres ware`.

Defn: Porcelain manufactured at Sèvres, France, ecpecially in the
national factory situated there.

SEW
Sew, n.Etym: [OE. See Sewer household officer.]

Defn: Juice; gravy; a seasoned dish; a delicacy. [Obs.] Gower.
I will not tell of their strange sewes. Chaucer.

SEW
Sew, v. t. Etym: [See Sue to follow.]

Defn: To follow; to pursue; to sue. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

SEW
Sew, v. t. [imp. Sewed; p. p. Sewed, rarely Sewn (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sewing.] Etym: [OE. sewen, sowen, AS. siówian, siwian; akin to OHG.
siuwan, Icel. s, Sw. sy, Dan. sye, Goth. siujan, Lith. siuti, Russ,
shite, L. ssuere, Gr. siv. sq. root156. Cf. Seam a suture, Suture.]

1. To unite or fasten together by stitches, as with a needle and
thread.
No man also seweth a piece of new cloth on an old garment. Mark ii.
21.

2. To close or stop by ssewing; -- often with up; as, to sew up a
rip.

3. To inclose by sewing; -- sometimes with up; as, to sew money in a
bag.

SEW
Sew, v. i.

Defn: To practice sewing; to work with needle and thread.

SEW
Sew, v. t. Etym: [sq. root151 b. See Sewer a drain.]

Defn: To drain, as a pond, for taking the fish. [Obs.] Tusser.

SEWAGE
Sew"age, n.

1. The contents of a sewer or drain; refuse liquids or matter carried
off by sewers

2. Sewerage, 2.

SEWE
Sewe, v. i.

Defn: To perform the duties of a sewer. See 3d Sewer. [Obs.]

SEWEL
Sew"el, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A scarecrow, generally made of feathers tied to a string, hung
up to prevent deer from breaking into a place. Halliwell.

SEWELLEL
Se*wel"lel, n. Etym: [Of American Indian origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar gregarious burrowing rodent (Haplodon rufus), native
of the coast region of the Northwestern United States. It somewhat
resembles a muskrat or marmot, but has only a rudimentary tail. Its
head is broad, its eyes are small and its fur is brownish above, gray
beneath. It constitutes the family Haplodontidæ. Called also boomer,
showt'l, and mountain beaver.

SEWEN
Sew"en, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A British trout usually regarded as a variety (var. Cambricus)
of the salmon trout.

SEWER
Sew"er, n.

1. One who sews, or stitches.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small tortricid moth whose larva sews together the edges of a
leaf by means of silk; as, the apple-leaf sewer (Phoxopteris
nubeculana)

SEWER
Sew"er, n. Etym: [OF. sewiere, seuwiere, ultimately fr. L. ex out + a
derivative of aqua water; cf. OF. essevour a drain, essever,
esseuwer, essiaver, to cause to flow, to drain, to flow, LL.
exaquatorium a channel through which water runs off. Cf. Ewer,
Aquarium.]

Defn: A drain or passage to carry off water and filth under ground; a
subterraneous channel, particularly in cities.

SEWER
Sew"er, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. assewer, and asseour, OF. asseour, F.
asseoir to seat, to set, L. assidere to sit by; ad + sedere to sit
(cf. Sit); or cf. OE. sew pottage, sauce, boiled meat, AS. seáw
juice, Skr. su to press out.]

Defn: Formerly, an upper servant, or household officer, who set on
and removed the dishes at a feast, and who also brought water for the
hands of the guests.
Then the sewer Poured water from a great and golden ewer, That from
their hands to a silver caldron ran. Chapman.

SEWERAGE
Sew"er*age, n.

1. The construction of a sewer or sewers.

2. The system of sewers in a city, town, etc.; the general drainage
of a city or town by means of sewers.

3. The material collected in, and discharged by, sewers. [In this
sense sewage is preferable and common.]

SEWIN
Sew"in, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Sewen.

SEWING
Sew"ing, n.

1. The act or occupation of one who sews.

2. That which is sewed with the needle. Sewing horse (Harness
making), a clamp, operated by the foot, for holding pieces of leather
while being sewed.
 -- Sewing machine, a machine for sewing or stitching.
 -- Sewing press, or Sewing table (Bookbinding), a fixture or table
having a frame in which are held the cords to which the back edges of
folded sheets are sewed to form a book.

SEWSTER
Sew"ster, n.

Defn: A seamstress. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SEX-
Sex-. Etym: [L. sex six. See Six.]

Defn: A combining form meaning six; as, sexdigitism; sexennial.

SEX
Sex, n. Etym: [L. sexus: cf. F. sexe.]

1. The distinguishing peculiarity of male or female in both animals
and plants; the physical difference between male and female; the
assemblage of properties or qualities by which male is distinguished
from female.

2. One of the two divisions of organic beings formed on the
distinction of male and female.

3. (Bot.)
(a) The capability in plants of fertilizing or of being fertilized;
as, staminate and pistillate flowers are of opposite sexes.
(b) One of the groups founded on this distinction. The sex, the
female sex; women, in general.

SEXAGENARIAN
Sex`a*ge*na"ri*an, n. Etym: [See Sexagenary.]

Defn: A person who is sixty years old.

SEXAGENARY
Sex*ag"e*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. sexagenarius, fr. sexageni sixty each,
akin to sexaginta sixty, sex six: cf. sexagénaire. See Six.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, the number sixty; poceeding by
sixties; sixty years old. Sexagenary arithmetic. See under
Sexagesimal.
 -- Sexagenary, or Sexagesimal, scale (Math.), a scale of numbers in
which the modulus is sixty. It is used in treating the divisions of
the circle.

SEXAGENARY
Sex*ag"e*na*ry, n.

1. Something composed of sixty parts or divisions.

2. A sexagenarian. Sir W. Scott.

SEXAGESIMA
Sex`a*ges"i*ma, n. Etym: [L., fem. of sexagesimus sixtieth, fr.
sexaginta sixty.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The second Sunday before Lent; -- so called as being about the
sixtieth day before Easter.

SEXAGESIMAL
Sex`a*ges"i*mal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sexagésimal.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or founded on, the number sixty. Sexagesimal
fractions or numbers (Arith. & Alg.), those fractions whose
denominators are some power of sixty; as, astronomical fractions,
because formerly there were no others used in astronomical
calculations.
 -- Sexagesimal, or Sexagenary, arithmetic, the method of computing
by the sexagenary scale, or by sixties.
 -- Sexagesimal scale (Math.), the sexagenary scale.

SEXAGESIMAL
Sex`a*ges"i*mal, n.

Defn: A sexagesimal fraction.

SEXANGLE
Sex"an`gle, n. Etym: [L. sexangulus sexangular; sex six + angulus
angle: cf. F. sexangle. Cf. Hexangular.] (Geom.)

Defn: A hexagon. [R.] Hutton.

SEXANGLED; SEXANGULAR
Sex"an`gled, Sex*an"gu*lar a. Etym: [Cf. F. sexangulaire.]

Defn: Having six angles; hexagonal. [R.] Dryden.

SEXANGULARLY
Sex*an"gu*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: Hexagonally. [R.]

SEXAVALENT
Sex*av"a*lent, a.

Defn: See Sexivalent. [R.]

SEXDIGITISM
Sex*dig"it*ism, n. Etym: [Sex- + digit.]

Defn: The state of having six fingers on a hand, or six toes on a
foot.

SEXDIGITIST
Sex*dig"it*ist, n.

Defn: One who has six fingers on a hand, or six toes on a foot.

SEXED
Sexed, a.

Defn: Belonging to sex; having sex; distinctively male of female; as,
the sexed condition.

SEXENARY
Sex"e*na*ry, a.

Defn: Proceeding by sixes; sextuple; -- applied especially to a
system of arithmetical computation in which the base is six.

SEXENNIAL
Sex*en"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. sexennium a period of six years, sexennis
of six years; sex six + annus a year. See Six, and Annual.]

Defn: Lasting six years, or happening once in six years.
 -- n.

Defn: A sexennial event.

SEXENNIALLY
Sex*en"ni*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Once in six years.

SEXFID; SEXIFID
Sex"fid, Sex"i*fid, a. Etym: [Sex- + root of L. findere to split: cf.
F. sexfide.] (Bot.)

Defn: Six-cleft; as, a sexfid calyx or nectary.

SEXISYLLABIC
Sex`i*syl*lab"ic, a. Etym: [Sex- + syllabic.]

Defn: Having six syllables. Emerson.

SEXISYLLABLE
Sex"i*syl`la*ble, n. Etym: [Sex- + syllable.]

Defn: A word of six syllables.

SEXIVALENT
Sex*iv"a*lent, a. Etym: [Sex- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.]
(hem.)

Defn: Hexavalent. [R.]

SEXLESS
Sex"less, a.

Defn: Having no sex.

SEXLOCULAR
Sex`loc"u*lar, a. Etym: [Sex- + locular: cf. F. sexloculaire.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having six cells for seeds; six-celled; as, a sexlocular
pericarp.

SEXLY
Sex"ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to sex. [R.]
Should I ascribe any of these things unto myself or my sexly
weakness, I were not worthy to live. Queen Elizabeth.

SEXRADIATE
Sex*ra"di*ate, a. Etym: [Sex- + radiate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having six rays; -- said of certain sponge spicules. See
Illust. of Spicule.

SEXT
Sext, n. Etym: [L. sexta, fem. of sextus sixtt, fr. sex six: cf. F.
sexte.] (R.C.Ch.)
(a) The office for the sixth canonical hour, being a part of the
Breviary.
(b) The sixth book of the decretals, added by Pope Boniface VIII.

SEXTAIN
Sex"tain, n. Etym: [L. sextus sixth, fr. sex six: cf. It. sestina.]
(Pros.)

Defn: A stanza of six lines; a sestine.

SEXTANS
Sex"tans, n. Etym: [L. See Sextant.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A Roman coin, the sixth part of an as.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation on the equator south of Leo; the Sextant.

SEXTANT
Sex"tant, n. Etym: [L. sextans, -antis, the sixth part of an as, fr.
sextus sixth, sex six. See Six.]

1. (Math.)

Defn: The sixth part of a circle.

2. An instrument for measuring angular distances between objects, --
used esp. at sea, for ascertaining the latitude and longitude. It is
constructed on the same optical principle as Hadley's quadrant, but
usually of metal, with a nicer graduation, telescopic sight, and its
arc the sixth, and sometimes the third, part of a circle. See
Quadrant.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: The constellation Sextans. Box sextant, a small sextant
inclosed in a cylindrical case to make it more portable.

SEXTARY
Sex"ta*ry, n.; pl. Sextaries. Etym: [L. sextarius the sixth part of a
measure, weight, etc., fr. sextus sixth, sex six.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An ancient Roman liquid and dry measure, about equal to an
English pint.

SEXTARY
Sex"ta*ry, n. Etym: [For sextonry.]

Defn: A sacristy. [Obs.]

SEXTET; SEXTETTO
Sex*tet", Sex*tet"to, n. (Mus.)

Defn: See Sestet.

SEXTEYN
Sex"teyn, n.

Defn: A sacristan. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SEXTIC
Sex"tic, a. Etym: [L. sextus sixth.] (Math.)

Defn: Of the sixth degree or order.
 -- n. (Alg.)

Defn: A quantic of the sixth degree.

SEXTILE
Sex"tile, a. Etym: [F. sextil, fr. L. sextus the sixth, from sex six.
See Six.] (Astrol.)

Defn: Measured by sixty degrees; fixed or indicated by a distance of
sixty degrees. Glanvill.

SEXTILE
Sex"tile, n. Etym: [Cf. F. aspect sextil.] (Astrol.)

Defn: The aspect or position of two planets when distant from each
other sixty degrees, or two signs. This position is marked thus:
Hutton.

SEXTILLION
Sex*til"lion, n. Etym: [Formed (in imitation of million) fr. L.
sextus sixth, sex six: cf. F. sextilion.]

Defn: According to the method of numeration (which is followed also
in the United States), the number expressed by a unit with twenty-one
ciphers annexed. According to the English method, a million raised to
the sixth power, or the number expressed by a unit with thirty-six
ciphers annexed. See Numeration.

SEXTO
Sex"to, n.; pl. Sextos. Etym: [L. sextus sixth.]

Defn: A book consisting of sheets each of which is folded into six
leaves.

SEXTODECIMO
Sex`to*dec"i*mo, a. Etym: [L. sextus-decimus the sixteenth; sextus
the sixth (fr. sex six) + decimus the tenth, from decem ten. See -
mo.]

Defn: Having sixteen leaves to a sheet; of, or equal to, the size of
one fold of a sheet of printing paper when folded so as to make
sixteen leaves, or thirty-two pages; as, a sextodecimo volume.

SEXTODECIMO
Sex`to*dec"imo, n.; pl. Sextodecimos (.

Defn: A book composed of sheets each of which is folded into sixteen
leaves; hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a size of a book;
-- usually written 16mo, or 16º.

SEXTOLET
Sex"to*let, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A double triplet; a group of six equal notes played in the time
of four.

SEXTON
Sex"ton, n. Etym: [OE. sextein, contr. fr. sacristan.]

Defn: An under officer of a church, whose business is to take care of
the church building and the vessels, vestments, etc., belonging to
the church, to attend on the officiating clergyman, and to perform
other duties pertaining to the church, such as to dig graves, ring
the bell, etc. Sexton beetle (Zoöl.), a burying beetle.

SEXTONESS
Sex"ton*ess, n.

Defn: A female sexton; a sexton's wife.

SEXTONRY
Sex"ton*ry, n.

Defn: Sextonship. [Obs.] Ld. Bernes.

SEXTONSHIP
Sex"ton*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a sexton. Swift.

SEXTRY
Sex"try, n.

Defn: See Sacristy. [Obs.]

SEXTUPLE
Sex"tu*ple, a. Etym: [Formed (in imitation of quadruple) fr. L.
sextus sixth: cf. F. sextuple.]

1. Six times as much; sixfold.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Divisible by six; having six beats; as, sixtuple measure.

SEXUAL
Sex"u*al, a. Etym: [L. sexualis, fr. sexus sex: cf. F. sexuel.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to sex, or the sexes; distinguishing sex;
peculiar to the distinction and office of male or female; relating to
the distinctive genital organs of the sexes; proceeding from, or
based upon, sex; as, sexual characteristics; sexual intercourse,
connection, or commerce; sexual desire; sexual diseases; sexual
generation. Sexual dimorphism (Biol.), the condition of having one of
the sexes existing in two forms, or varieties, differing in color,
size, etc., as in many species of butterflies which have two kinds of
females.
 -- Sexual method (Bot.), a method of classification proposed by
Linnæus, founded mainly on difference in number and position of the
stamens and pistils of plants.
 -- Sexual selection (Biol.), the selective preference of one sex for
certain characteristics in the other, such as bright colors, musical
notes, etc.; also, the selection which results from certain
individuals of one sex having more opportunities of pairing with the
other sex, on account of greater activity, strength, courage, etc.;
applied likewise to that kind of evolution which results from such
sexual preferences. Darwin.
In these cases, therefore, natural selection seems to have acted
independently of sexual selection. A. R. Wallace.

SEXUALIST
Sex"u*al*ist, n. (Bot.)

Defn: One who classifies plants by the sexual method of Linnæus.

SEXUALITY
Sex`u*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being distinguished by sex. Lindley.

SEXUALIZE
Sex"u*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To attribute sex to.

SEXUALLY
Sex"u*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sexual manner or relation.

SEY; SEYH
Sey, Seyh, obs. imp. sing. & 2d pers. pl.

Defn: of See. Chaucer.

SEYE; SEYEN
Seye, Seyen, obs. imp. pl. & p. p.

Defn: of See.

SEYND
Seynd, obs. p. p.

Defn: of Senge, to singe. Chaucer.

SEYNT
Seynt, n.

Defn: A gridle. See 1st Seint. [Obs.]

SFORZANDO; SFORZATO
Sfor*zan"do, Sfor*za"to, a. Etym: [It. sforzando, p. pr., and
sforzato, p. p. of sforzare to force.] (Mus.)

Defn: Forcing or forced; -- a direction placed over a note, to
signify that it must be executed with peculiar emphasis and force; --
marked fz (an abbreviation of forzando), sf, sfz, or

SFUMATO
Sfu*ma"to, a. Etym: [It.] (Paint.)

Defn: Having vague outlines, and colors and shades so mingled as to
give a misty appearance; -- said of a painting.

SGRAFFITO
Sgraf*fi"to, a. Etym: [It.] (Paint.)

Defn: Scratched; -- said of decorative painting of a certain style,
in which a white overland surface is cut or scratched through, so as
to form the design from a dark ground underneath.

SHAB
Shab, n. Etym: [OE. shabbe, AS. sc. See Scab.]

Defn: The itch in animals; also, a scab. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SHAB
Shab, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shabbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Shabbing.] Etym:
[See Scab, 3.]

Defn: To play mean tricks; to act shabbily. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.]

SHAB
Shab, v. t.

Defn: To scratch; to rub. [Obs.] Farquhar.

SHABBED
Shab"bed, a.

Defn: Shabby. [Obs.] Wood.

SHABBILY
Shab"bi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a shabby manner.

SHABBINESS
Shab"bi*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sghabby.

SHABBLE; SHABBLE
Shab"ble, Shab"ble, n.Etym: [Cf. D. sabel, and G. säbel.]

Defn: A kind of crooked sword or hanger. [Scot.]

SHABBY
Shab"by, a. [Compar. Shabbier; superl. Shabbiest.] Etym: [See Shab,
n., Scabby, and Scab.]

1. Torn or worn to rage; poor; mean; ragged.
Wearing shabby coats and dirty shirts. Macaulay.

2. Clothed with ragged, much worn, or soiled garments. "The dean was
so shabby." Swift.

3. Mean; paltry; despicable; as, shabby treatment. "Very shabby
fellows." Clarendon.

SHABRACK
Shab"rack, n. Etym: [Turk. tshaprak, whence F. chabraque, G.
shabracke.] (Mil.)

Defn: The saddlecloth or housing of a cavalry horse.

SHACK
Shack, v. t. Etym: [Prov. E., to shake, to shed. See Shake.]

1. To shed or fall, as corn or grain at harvest. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

2. To feed in stubble, or upon waste corn. [Prov. Eng.]

3. To wander as a vagabond or a tramp. [Prev.Eng.]

SHACK
Shack, n. Etym: [Cf. Scot. shag refuse of barley or oats.]

1. The grain left after harvest or gleaning; also, nuts which have
fallen to the ground. [Prov. Eng.]

2. Liberty of winter pasturage. [Prov. Eng.]

3. A shiftless fellow; a low, itinerant beggar; a vagabond; a tramp.
[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] Forby.
All the poor old shacks about the town found a friend in Deacon
Marble. H. W. Beecher.
Common of shack (Eng.Law), the right of persons occupying lands lying
together in the same common field to turn out their cattle to range
in it after harvest. Cowell.

SHACKATORY
Shack"a*to*ry, n.

Defn: A hound. [Obs.]

SHACKLE
Shac"kle, n.

Defn: Stubble. [Prov. Eng.] Pegge.

SHACKLE
Shac"kle, n. Etym: [Generally used in the plural.] Etym: [OE.
schakkyll, schakle, AS. scacul, sceacul, a shackle, fr. scacan to
shake; cf. D. schakel a link of a chain, a mesh, Icel. skökull the
pole of a cart. See Shake.]

1. Something which confines the legs or arms so as to prevent their
free motion; specifically, a ring or band inclosing the ankle or
wrist, and fastened to a similar shackle on the other leg or arm, or
to something else, by a chain or a strap; a gyve; a fetter.
His shackles empty left; himself escaped clean. Spenser.

2. Hence, that which checks or prevents free action.
His very will seems to be in bonds and shackles. South.

3. A fetterlike band worn as an ornament.
Most of the men and women . . . had all earrings made of gold, and
gold shackles about their legs and arms. Dampier.

4. A link or loop, as in a chain, fitted with a movable bolt, so that
the parts can be separated, or the loop removed; a clevis.

5. A link for connecting railroad cars; -- called also drawlink,
draglink, etc.

6. The hinged and curved bar of a padlock, by which it is hung to the
staple. Knight. Shackle joint (Anat.), a joint formed by a bony ring
passing through a hole in a bone, as at the bases of spines in some
fishes.

SHACKLE
Shac"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shackled; p. pr. & vb. n. Shackling.]

1. To tie or confine the limbs of, so as to prevent free motion; to
bind with shackles; to fetter; to chain.
To lead him shackled, and exposed to scorn Of gathering crowds, the
Britons' boasted chief. J. Philips.

2. Figuratively: To bind or confine so as to prevent or embarrass
action; to impede; to cumber.
Shackled by her devotion to the king, she seldom could pursue that
object. Walpole.

3. To join by a link or chain, as railroad cars. [U. S.] Shackle bar,
the coupling between a locomotive and its tender. [U.S.] -- Shackle
bolt, a shackle. Sir W. Scott.

SHACKLOCK
Shack"lock`, n.

Defn: A sort of shackle. [Obs.]

SHACKLY
Shack"ly, a.

Defn: Shaky; rickety. [Colloq. U. S.]

SHAD
Shad, n. sing. & pl. Etym: [AS. sceadda a kind of fish, akin to Prov.
G. schade; cf. Ir. & Gael. sgadan a herring, W. ysgadan herrings; all
perhaps akin to E. skate a fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of food fishes of the Herring
family. The American species (Clupea sapidissima), which is abundant
on the Atlantic coast and ascends the larger rivers in spring to
spawn, is an important market fish. The European allice shad, or
alose (C. alosa), and the twaite shad. (C. finta), are less important
species. [Written also chad.]

Note: The name is loosely applied, also, to several other fishes, as
the gizzard shad (see under Gizzard), called also mud shad, white-
eyed shad, and winter shad. Hardboaded, or Yellow-tailed, shad, the
menhaden.
 -- Hickory, or Tailor, shad, the mattowacca.
 -- Long-boned shad, one of several species of important food fishes
of the Bermudas and the West Indies, of the genus Gerres.
 -- Shad bush (Bot.), a name given to the North American shrubs or
small trees of the rosaceous genus Amelanchier (A. Canadensis, and A.
alnifolia) Their white racemose blossoms open in April or May, when
the shad appear, and the edible berries (pomes) ripen in June or
July, whence they are called Juneberries. The plant is also called
service tree, and Juneberry.
 -- Shad frog, an American spotted frog (Rana halecina); -- so called
because it usually appears at the time when the shad begin to run in
the rivers.
 -- Trout shad, the squeteague.
 -- White shad,the common shad.

SHADBIRD
Shad"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The American, or Wilson's, snipe. See under Snipe. So called
because it appears at the same time as the shad.
(b) The common European sandpiper. [Prov. Eng.]

SHADD
Shadd, n. (Mining.)

Defn: Rounded stones containing tin ore, lying at the surface of the
ground, and indicating a vein. Raymond.

SHADDE
Shad"de,

Defn: obs. imp. of Shed. Chaucer.

SHADDOCK
Shad"dock, n. Etym: [Said to be so called from a Captain Shaddock,
who first brought this fruit from the East Indies.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tree (Citrus decumana) and its fruit, which is a large
species of orange; -- called also forbidden fruit, and pompelmous.

SHADE
Shade, n. Etym: [OE. shade, shadewe, schadewe, AS. sceadu, scead;
akin to OS. skado, D. schaduw, OHG. scato, (gen. scatewes), G.
schatten, Goth. skadus, Ir. & Gael. sgath, and probably to Gr.
Shadow, Shed a hat.]

1. Comparative obscurity owing to interception or interruption of the
rays of light; partial darkness caused by the intervention of
something between the space contemplated and the source of light.

Note: Shade differs from shadow as it implies no particular form or
definite limit; whereas a shadow represents in form the object which
intercepts the light. When we speak of the shade of a tree, we have
no reference to its form; but when we speak of measuring a pyramid or
other object by its shadow, we have reference to its form and extent.

2. Darkness; obscurity; -- often in the plural.
The shades of night were falling fast. Longfellow.

3. An obscure place; a spot not exposed to light; hence, a secluded
retreat.
Let us seek out some desolate shade, and there Weep our sad bosoms
empty. Shak.

4. That which intercepts, or shelters from, light or the direct rays
of the sun; hence, also, that which protects from heat or currents of
air; a screen; protection; shelter; cover; as, a lamp shade.
The Lord is thy shade upon thy right hand. Ps. cxxi. 5.
Sleep under a fresh tree's shade. Shak.
Let the arched knife well sharpened now assail the spreading shades
of vegetables. J. Philips.

5. Shadow. [Poetic.]
Envy will merit, as its shade, pursue. Pope.

6. The soul after its separation from the body; -- so called because
the ancients it to be perceptible to the sight, though not to the
touch; a spirit; a ghost; as, the shades of departed heroes.
Swift as thought the flitting shade Thro' air his momentary journey
made. Dryden.

7. (Painting, Drawing, etc.)

Defn: The darker portion of a picture; a less illuminated part. See
Def. 1, above.

8. Degree or variation of color, as darker or lighter, stronger or
paler; as, a delicate shade of pink.
White, red, yellow, blue, with their several degrees, or shades and
mixtures, as green only in by the eyes. Locke.

9. A minute difference or variation, as of thought, belief,
expression, etc.; also, the quality or degree of anything which is
distinguished from others similar by slight differences; as, the
shades of meaning in synonyms.
New shades and combinations of thought. De Quincey.
Every shade of religious and political opinion has its own
headquarters. Macaulay.
The Shades, the Nether World; the supposed abode of souls after
leaving the body.

SHADE
Shade, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Shading.]

1. To shelter or screen by intercepting the rays of light; to keep
off illumination from. Milton.
I went to crop the sylvan scenes, And shade our altars with their
leafy greens. Dryden.

2. To shelter; to cover from injury; to protect; to screen; to hide;
as, to shade one's eyes.
Ere in our own house I do shade my head. Shak.

3. To obscure; to dim the brightness of.
Thou shad'st The full blaze of thy beams. Milton.

4. To pain in obscure colors; to darken.

5. To mark with gradations of light or color.

6. To present a shadow or image of; to shadow forth; to represent.
[Obs.]
[The goddess] in her person cunningly did shade That part of Justice
which is Equity. Spenser.

SHADEFUL
Shade"ful, a.

Defn: Full of shade; shady.

SHADELESS
Shade"less, a.

Defn: Being without shade; not shaded.

SHADER
Shad"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, shades.

SHADILY
Shad"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a shady manner.

SHADINESS
Shad"i*ness

Defn: , n. Quality or state of being shady.

SHADING
Shad"ing, n.

1. Act or process of making a shade.

2. That filling up which represents the effect of more or less
darkness, expressing rotundity, projection, etc., in a picture or a
drawing.

SHADOOF
Sha*doof", n. Etym: [Ar. shad.]

Defn: A machine, resembling a well sweep, used in Egypt for raising
water from the Nile for irrigation.

SHADOW
Shad"ow, n. Etym: [Originally the same word as shade. sq. root162.
See Shade.]

1. Shade within defined limits; obscurity or deprivation of light,
apparent on a surface, and representing the form of the body which
intercepts the rays of light; as, the shadow of a man, of a tree, or
of a tower. See the Note under Shade, n., 1.

2. Darkness; shade; obscurity.
Night's sable shadows from the ocean rise. Denham.

3. A shaded place; shelter; protection; security.
In secret shadow from the sunny ray, On a sweet bed of lilies softly
laid. Spenser.

4. A reflected image, as in a mirror or in water. Shak.

5. That which follows or attends a person or thing like a shadow; an
inseparable companion; hence, an obsequious follower.
Sin and her shadow Death. Milton.

6. A spirit; a ghost; a shade; a phantom. "Hence, horrible shadow!"
Shak.

7. An imperfect and faint representation; adumbration; indistinct
image; dim bodying forth; hence, mystical reprresentation; type.
The law having a shadow of good things to come. Heb. x. 1.
[Types] and shadows of that destined seed. Milton.

8. A small degree; a shade. "No variableness, neither shadow of
turning." James i. 17.

9. An uninvited guest coming with one who is invited. [A Latinism]
Nares.
I must not have my board pastered with shadows That under other men's
protection break in Without invitement. Massinger.
Shadow of death, darkness or gloom like that caused by the presence
or the impending of death. Ps. xxiii. 4.

SHADOW
Shad"ow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shadowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Shadowing.]
Etym: [OE. shadowen, AS. sceadwian. See adow, n.]

1. To cut off light from; to put in shade; to shade; to throw a
shadow upon; to overspead with obscurity.
The warlike elf much wondered at this tree, So fair and great, that
shadowed all the ground. Spenser.

2. To conceal; to hide; to screen. [R.]
Let every soldier hew him down a bough. And bear't before him;
thereby shall we shadow The numbers of our host. Shak.

3. To protect; to shelter from danger; to shroud.
Shadoving their right under your wings of war. Shak.

4. To mark with gradations of light or color; to shade.

5. To represent faintly or imperfectly; to adumbrate; hence, to
represent typically.
Augustus is shadowed in the person of Dryden.

6. To cloud; to darken; to cast a gloom over.
The shadowed livery of the burnished sun. Shak.
Why sad I must not see the face O love thus shadowed. Beau & Fl.

7. To attend as closely as a shadow; to follow and watch closely,
especially in a secret or unobserved manner; as, a detective shadows
a criminal.

SHADOWINESS
Shad"ow*i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being shadowy.

SHADOWING
Shad"ow*ing, n.

1. Shade, or gradation of light and color; shading. Feltham.

2. A faint representation; an adumbration.
There are . . . in savage theology shadowings, quaint or majestic, of
the conception of a Supreme Deity. Tylor.

SHADOWISH
Shad"ow*ish, a.

Defn: Shadowy; vague. [Obs.] Hooker.

SHADOWLESS
Shad"ow*less, a.

Defn: Having no shadow.

SHADOWY
Shad"ow*y, a.

1. Full of shade or shadows; causing shade or shadow. "Shadowy
verdure." Fenton.
This shadowy desert, unfrequented woods. Shak.

2. Hence, dark; obscure; gloomy; dim. "The shadowy past." Longfellow.

3. Not brightly luminous; faintly light.
The moon . . . with more pleasing light, Shadowy sets off the face
things. Milton.

4. Faintly representative; hence, typical.
From sshadowy types to truth, from flesh to spirit. Milton.

5. Unsubstantial; unreal; as, shadowy honor.
Milton has brought into his poems two actors of a shadowy and
fictitious nature, in the persons of Sin and Death. Addison.

SHADRACH
Sha"drach, n. (Metal.)

Defn: A mass of iron on which the operation of smelting has failed of
its intended effect; -- so called from Shadrach, one of the three
Hebrews who came forth unharmed from the fiery furnace of
Nebuchadnezzar. (See Dan. iii. 26, 27.)

SHAD-SPIRIT
Shad"-spir`it, n.

Defn: See Shadbird (a)

SHAD-WAITER
Shad"-wait`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lake whitefish; the roundfish. See Roundfish.

SHADY
Shad"y, a. [Compar. Shadier; superl. Shadiest.]

1. Abounding in shade or shades; overspread with shade; causing
shade.
The shady trees cover him with their shadow. Job. xl. 22.
And Amaryllis fills the shady groves. Dryden.

2. Sheltered from the glare of light or sultry heat.
Cast it also that you may have rooms shady for summer and warm for
winter. Bacon.

3. Of or pertaining to shade or darkness; hence, unfit to be seen or
known; equivocal; dubious or corrupt. [Colloq.] "A shady business."
London Sat. Rev.
Shady characters, disreputable, criminal. London Spectator.
On the shady side of, on the thither side of; as, on the shady side
of fifty; that is, more than fifty. [Colloq.] -- To keep shady, to
stay in concealment; also, to be reticent. [Slang]

SHAFFLE
Shaf"fle, v. i. Etym: [See Shuffle.]

Defn: To hobble or limp; to shuffle. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.]

SHAFFLER
Shaf"fler, n.

Defn: A hobbler; one who limps; a shuffer. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.]

SHAFIITE
Sha"fi*ite, n.

Defn: A member of one of the four sects of the Sunnites, or Orthodox
Mohammedans; -- so called from its founder, Mohammed al-Shafeï.

SHAFT
Shaft, n. Etym: [OE. shaft, schaft, AS. sceaft; akin to D. schacht,
OHG. scaft, G. schaft, Dan. & Sw. skaft handle, haft, Icel. skapt,
and probably to L. scapus, Gr. Scape, Scepter, Shave.]

1. The slender, smooth stem of an arrow; hence, an arrow.
His sleep, his meat, his drink, is him bereft, That lean he wax, and
dry as is a shaft. Chaucer.
A shaft hath three principal parts, the stele [stale], the feathers,
and the head. Ascham.

2. The long handle of a spear or similar weapon; hence, the weapon
itself; (Fig.) anything regarded as a shaft to be thrown or darted;
as, shafts of light.
And the thunder, Winged with red lightning and impetuous rage,
Perhaps hath spent his shafts. Milton.
Some kinds of literary pursuits . . . have been attacked with all the
shafts of ridicule. V. Knox.

3. That which resembles in some degree the stem or handle of an arrow
or a spear; a long, slender part, especially when cylindrical.
Specifically:
(a) (Bot.) The trunk, stem, or stalk of a plant.
(b) (Zoöl.) The stem or midrib of a feather. See Illust. of Feather.
(c) The pole, or tongue, of a vehicle; also, a thill.
(d) The part of a candlestick which supports its branches.
Thou shalt make a candlestick of pure gold . . . his shaft, and his
branches, his bowls, his knops, and his flowers, shall be of the
same. Ex. xxv. 31.

(e) The handle or helve of certain tools, instruments, etc., as a
hammer, a whip, etc.
(f) A pole, especially a Maypole. [Obs.] Stow.
(g) (Arch.) The body of a column; the cylindrical pillar between the
capital and base (see Illust. of Column). Also, the part of a chimney
above the roof. Also, the spire of a steeple. [Obs. or R.] Gwilt.
(h) A column, an obelisk, or other spire-shaped or columnar monument.
Bid time and nature gently spare The shaft we raise to thee. Emerson.
(i) (Weaving)

Defn: A rod at the end of a heddle.
(j) (Mach.) A solid or hollow cylinder or bar, having one or more
journals on which it rests and revolves, and intended to carry one or
more wheels or other revolving parts and to transmit power or motion;
as, the shaft of a steam engine. See Illust. of Countershaft.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A humming bird (Thaumastura cora) having two of the tail
feathers next to the middle ones very long in the male; -- called
also cora humming bird.

5. Etym: [Cf. G. schacht.] (Mining)

Defn: A well-like excavation in the earth, perpendicular or nearly
so, made for reaching and raising ore, for raising water, etc.

6. A long passage for the admission or outlet of air; an air shaft.

7. The chamber of a blast furnace. Line shaft (Mach.), a main shaft
of considerable length, in a shop or factory, usually bearing a
number of pulleys by which machines are driven, commonly by means of
countershafts; -- called also line, or main line.
 -- Shaft alley (Naut.), a passage extending from the engine room to
the stern, and containing the propeller shaft.
 -- Shaft furnace (Metal.), a furnace, in the form of a chimney,
which is charged at the top and tapped at the bottom.

SHAFTED
Shaft"ed, a.

1. Furnished with a shaft, or with shafts; as, a shafted arch.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Having a shaft; -- applied to a spear when the head and the
shaft are of different tinctures.

SHAFTING
Shaft"ing, n. (Mach.)

Defn: Shafts, collectivelly; a system of connected shafts for
communicating motion.

SHAFTMAN; SHAFTMENT
Shaft"man, Shaft"ment, n. Etym: [AS. sceaftmund.]

Defn: A measure of about six inches. [Obs.]

SHAG
Shag, n. Etym: [AS. sceacga a bush of hair; akin to Icel. skegg the
beard, Sw. skägg, Dan. skj. Cf. Schock of hair.]

1. Coarse hair or nap; rough, woolly hair.
True Witney broadcloth, with its shag unshorn. Gay.

2. A kind of cloth having a long, coarse nap.

3. (Com.)

Defn: A kind of prepared tobacco cut fine.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of cormorant.

SHAG
Shag, a.

Defn: Hairy; shaggy. Shak.

SHAG
Shag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Shagging.]

Defn: To make hairy or shaggy; hence, to make rough.
Shag the green zone that bounds the boreal skies. J. Barlow.

SHAGBARK
Shag"bark`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A rough-barked species of hickory (Carya alba), its nut. Called
also shellbark. See Hickory.
(b) The West Indian Pithecolobium micradenium, a legiminous tree with
a red coiled-up pod.

SHAGEBUSH
Shage"bush`, n.

Defn: A sackbut. [Obs.]

SHAGGED
Shag"ged, a.

Defn: Shaggy; rough. Milton.
 -- Shag"ged*ness, n. Dr. H. More.

SHAGGINESS
Shag"gi*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being shaggy; roughness; shaggedness.

SHAGGY
Shag"gy, a. [Compar. Shaggier; superl. Shaggiest.] Etym: [From Shag,
n.]

Defn: Rough with long hair or wool.
About his shoulders hangs the shaggy skin. Dryden.

2. Rough; rugged; jaggy. Milton.
[A rill] that winds unseen beneath the shaggy fell. Keble.

SHAG-HAIRED
Shag"-haired`, a.

Defn: Having shaggy hair. Shak.

SHAG-RAG
Shag"-rag`, n.

Defn: The unkempt and ragged part of the community. [Colloq. or
Slang.] R. Browning.

SHAGREEN
Sha*green", v. t.

Defn: To chagrin. [Obs.]

SHAGREEN
Sha*green", n. Etym: [F. chagrin, It. zigrino, fr. Turk. saghri the
back of a horse or other beast of burden, shagreen. Cf. Chagrin.]

1. A kind of untanned leather prepared in Russia and the East, from
the skins of horses, asses, and camels, and grained so as to be
covered with small round granulations. This characteristic surface is
produced by pressing small seeds into the grain or hair side when
moist, and afterward, when dry, scraping off the roughness left
between them, and then, by soaking, causing the portions of the skin
which had been compressed or indented by the seeds to swell up into
relief. It is used for covering small cases and boxes.

2. The skin of various small sharks and other fishes when having
small, rough, bony scales. The dogfishes of the genus Scyllium
furnish a large part of that used in the arts.

SHAGREEN; SHAGREENED
Sha*green", Sha*greened" a.

1. Made or covered with the leather called shagreen. "A shagreen case
of lancets." T. Hook.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Covered with rough scales or points like those on shagreen.

SHAH
Shah, n. Etym: [Per. shah a king, sovereign, prince. Cf. Checkmate,
Chess, Pasha.]

Defn: The title of the supreme ruler in certain Eastern countries,
especially Persia. [Written also schah.] Shah Nameh. Etym: [Per.,
Book of Kings.] A celebrated historical poem written by Firdousi,
being the most ancient in the modern Persian language. Brande & C.

SHAHIN
Sha*hin", n. Etym: [Ar. shahin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large and swift Asiatic falcon (Falco pregrinator) highly
valued in falconry.

SHAIK
Shaik, n.

Defn: See Sheik.

SHAIL
Shail, v. i. Etym: [Cf. AS. sceolh squinting, Icel. skjagr wry,
oblique, Dan. skele to squint.]

Defn: To walk sidewise. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

SHAITAN; SHEITAN
Shai"tan, Shei"tan, n. [Written also sheytan.] [Hind. shaitan, fr.
Ar. shaitsan.]

1. Among Mohammedans:
 (a) An evil spirit; the evil one; the devil.
 (b) One of bad disposition; a fiend. [Colloq.]

2.  (Meteor.) A dust storm. [India]

SHAKE
Shake,

Defn: obs. p. p. of Shake. Chaucer.

SHAKE
Shake, v. t. [imp. Shook; p. p. Shaken, (Shook, obs.); p. pr. & vb.
n. Shaking.] Etym: [OE. shaken, schaken, AS. scacan, sceacan; akin to
Icel. & Sw. skaka, OS. skakan, to depart, to flee. sq. root161. Cf.
Shock, v.]

1. To cause to move with quick or violent vibrations; to move rapidly
one way and the other; to make to tremble or shiver; to agitate.
As a fig tree casteth her untimely figs, when she is shaken of a
mighty wind. Rev. vi. 13.
Ascend my chariot; guide the rapid wheels That shake heaven's basis.
Milton.

2. Fig.: To move from firmness; to weaken the stability of; to cause
to waver; to impair the resolution of.
When his doctrines grew too strong to be shook by his enemies, they
persecuted his reputation. Atterbury.
Thy equal fear that my firm faith and love Can by his fraud be shaken
or seduced. Milton.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: To give a tremulous tone to; to trill; as, to shake a note in
music.

4. To move or remove by agitating; to throw off by a jolting or
vibrating motion; to rid one's self of; -- generally with an adverb,
as off, out, etc.; as, to shake fruit down from a tree.
Shake off the golden slumber of repose. Shak.
'Tis our fast intent To shake all cares and business from our age.
Shak.
I could scarcely shake him out of my company. Bunyan.
To shake a cask (Naut.), to knock a cask to pieces and pack the
staves.
 -- To shake hands, to perform the customary act of civility by
clasping and moving hands, as an expression of greeting, farewell,
good will, agreement, etc.
 -- To shake out a reef (Naut.), to untile the reef points and spread
more canvas.
 -- To shake the bells. See under Bell.
 -- To shake the sails (Naut.), to luff up in the wind, causing the
sails to shiver. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

SHAKE
Shake, v. i.

Defn: To be agitated with a waving or vibratory motion; to tremble;
to shiver; to quake; to totter.
Under his burning wheels The steadfast empyrean shook throughout, All
but the throne itself of God. Milton.
What danger Who 's that that shakes behind there Beau & FL.
Shaking piece, a name given by butchers to the piece of beef cut from
the under side of the neck. See Illust. of Beef.

SHAKE
Shake, n.

1. The act or result of shaking; a vacillating or wavering motion; a
rapid motion one way and other; a trembling, quaking, or shivering;
agitation.
The great soldier's honor was composed Of thicker stuff, which could
endure a shake. Herbert.
Our salutations were very hearty on both sides, consisting of many
kind shakes of the hand. Addison.

2. A fissure or crack in timber, caused by its being dried too
suddenly. Gwilt.

3. A fissure in rock or earth.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A rapid alternation of a principal tone with another
represented on the next degree of the staff above or below it; a
trill.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: One of the staves of a hogshead or barrel taken apart. Totten.

6. A shook of staves and headings. Knight.

7. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The redshank; -- so called from the nodding of its head while
on the ground. [Prov. Eng.] No great shakes, of no great importance.
[Slang] Byron.
 -- The shakes, the fever and ague. [Colloq. U.S.]

SHAKEDOWN
Shake"down`, n.

Defn: A temporary substitute for a bed, as one made on the floor or
on chairs; -- perhaps originally from the shaking down of straw for
this purpose. Sir W. Scott.

SHAKEFORK
Shake"fork`, n.

Defn: A fork for shaking hay; a pitchfork. [Obs.]

SHAKEN
Shak"en, a.

1. Caused to shake; agitated; as, a shaken bough.

2. Cracked or checked; split. See Shake, n., 2.
Nor is the wood shaken or twisted. Barroe.

3. Impaired, as by a shock.

SHAKER
Shak"er, n.

1. A person or thing that shakes, or by means of which something is
shaken.

2. One of a religious sect who do not marry, popularly so called from
the movements of the members in dancing, which forms a part of their
worship.

Note: The sect originated in England in 1747, and came to the United
States in 1774, under the leadership of Mother Ann Lee. The Shakers
are sometimes nicknamed Shaking Quakers, but they differ from the
Quakers in doctrine and practice. They style themselves the "United
Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing." The sect is now
confined in the United States.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of pigeon. P. J. Selby.

SHAKERESS
Shak"er*ess, n.

Defn: A female Shaker.

SHAKERISM
Shak"er*ism, n.

Defn: Doctrines of the Shakers.

SHAKESPEAREAN
Shake*spear"e*an, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or in the style of, Shakespeare or his
works. [Written also Shakespearian, Shakspearean, Shakspearian,
Shaksperean, Shaksperian.etc.]

SHAKINESS
Shak"i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being shaky.

SHAKINGS
Shak"ings, n. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: Deck sweepings, refuse of cordage, canvas, etc. Ham. Nav.
Encyc.

SHAKO
Shak"o, n. Etym: [Hung. csákó: cf. F. shako, schako.]

Defn: A kind of military cap or headress.

SHAKUDO
Shak"u*do", n. [Jap.]

Defn: An alloy of copper, invented by the Japanese, having a very
dark blue color approaching black.

SHAKY
Shak"y, a. [Compar. Shakier; superl. Shakiest.]

1. Shaking or trembling; as, a shaky spot in a marsh; a shaky hand.
Thackeray.

2. Full of shakes or cracks; cracked; as, shaky timber. Gwilt.

3. Easily shaken; tottering; unsound; as, a shaky constitution; shaky
business credit. [Colloq.]

SHALE
Shale, n. Etym: [AS. scealy, scalu. See Scalme, and cf. Shell.]

1. A shell or husk; a cod or pod. "The green shales of a bean."
Chapman.

2. Etym: [G. shale.] (Geol.)

Defn: A fine-grained sedimentary rock of a thin, laminated, and often
friable, structure. Bituminous shale. See under Bituminous.

SHALE
Shale, v. t.

Defn: To take off the shell or coat of; to shell.
Life, in its upper grades, was bursting its shell, or was shaling off
its husk. I. Taylor.

SHALL
Shall, v. i. & auxiliary. [imp. Should.] Etym: [OE. shal, schal, imp.
sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde,
inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,
pres. zal, imp. zoude, zou, OHG. solan, scolan, pres. scal, sol. imp.
scolta, solta, G. sollen, pres. soll, imp. sollte, Icel. skulu, pres.
skal, imp. skyldi, SW. skola, pres. skall, imp. skulle, Dan. skulle,
pres. skal, imp. skulde, Goth. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skulda, and
to AS. scyld guilt, G. schuld guilt, fault, debt, and perhaps to L.
scelus crime.]

Note: [Shall is defective, having no infinitive, imperative, or
participle.]

1. To owe; to be under obligation for. [Obs.] "By the faith I shall
to God" Court of Love.

2. To be obliged; must. [Obs.] "Me athinketh [I am sorry] that I
shall rehearse it her." Chaucer.

3. As an auxiliary, shall indicates a duty or necessity whose
obligation is derived from the person speaking; as, you shall go; he
shall go; that is, I order or promise your going. It thus ordinarily
expresses, in the second and third persons, a command, a threat, or a
promise. If the auxillary be emphasized, the command is made more
imperative, the promise or that more positive and sure. It is also
employed in the language of prophecy; as, "the day shall come when .
. . , " since a promise or threat and an authoritative prophecy
nearly coincide in significance. In shall with the first person, the
necessity of the action is sometimes implied as residing elsewhere
than in the speaker; as, I shall suffer; we shall see; and there is
always a less distinct and positive assertion of his volition than is
indicated by will. "I shall go" implies nearly a simple futurity;
more exactly, a foretelling or an expectation of my going, in which,
naturally enough, a certain degree of plan or intention may be
included; emphasize the shall, and the event is described as certain
to occur, and the expression approximates in meaning to our emphatic
"I will go." In a question, the relation of speaker and source of
obligation is of course transferred to the person addressed; as,
"Shall you go" (answer, "I shall go"); "Shall he go" i. e., "Do you
require or promise his going" (answer, "He shall go".) The same
relation is transferred to either second or third person in such
phrases as "You say, or think, you shall go;" "He says, or thinks, he
shall go." After a conditional conjunction (as if, whether) shall is
used in all persons to express futurity simply; as, if I, you, or he
shall say they are right. Should is everywhere used in the same
connection and the same senses as shall, as its imperfect. It also
expresses duty or moral obligation; as, he should do it whether he
will or not. In the early English, and hence in our English Bible,
shall is the auxiliary mainly used, in all the persons, to express
simple futurity. (Cf. Will, v. t.) Shall may be used elliptically;
thus, with an adverb or other word expressive of motion go may be
omitted. "He to England shall along with you." Shak.

Note: Shall and will are often confounded by inaccurate speakers and
writers. Say: I shall be glad to see you. Shall I do this Shall I
help you (not Will I do this) See Will.

SHALLI
Shal"li, n.

Defn: See Challis.

SHALLON
Shal"lon, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen shrub (Gaultheria Shallon) of Northwest America;
also, its fruit. See Salal-berry.

SHALLOON
Shal*loon", n. Etym: [F. chalon, from Châlons, in France, where it
was first made.]

Defn: A thin, loosely woven, twilled worsted stuff.
In blue shalloon shall Hannibal be clad. Swift.

SHALLOP
Shal"lop, n. Etym: [F. chaloupe, probably from D. sloep. Cf. Sloop.]
(Naut.)

Defn: A boat.
[She] thrust the shallop from the floating strand. Spenser.

Note: The term shallop is applied to boats of all sizes, from a light
canoe up to a large boat with masts and sails.

SHALLOT
Shal*lot", n. Etym: [OF. eschalote (for escalone), F. échalote. See
Scallion, and cf. Eschalot.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small kind of onion (Allium Ascalonicum) growing in clusters,
and ready for gathering in spring; a scallion, or eschalot.

SHALLOW
Shal"low, a. [Compar. Shallower; superl. Shallowest.] Etym: [OE.
schalowe, probably originally, sloping or shelving; cf. Icel. skjalgr
wry, squinting, AS. sceolh, D. & G. scheel, OHG. schelah. Cf. Shelve
to slope, Shoal shallow.]

1. Not deep; having little depth; shoal. "Shallow brooks, and rivers
wide." Milton.

2. Not deep in tone. [R.]
The sound perfecter and not so shallow and jarring. Bacon.

3. Not intellectually deep; not profound; not penetrating deeply;
simple; not wise or knowing; ignorant; superficial; as, a shallow
mind; shallow learning.
The king was neither so shallow, nor so ill advertised, as not to
perceive the intention of the French king. Bacon.
Deep versed in books, and shallow in himself. Milton.

SHALLOW
Shal"low, n.

1. A place in a body of water where the water is not deep; a shoal; a
flat; a shelf.
A swift stream is not heard in the channel, but upon shallows of
gravel. Bacon.
Dashed on the shallows of the moving sand. Dryden.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The rudd. [Prov. Eng.]

SHALLOW
Shal"low, v. t.

Defn: To make shallow. Sir T. Browne.

SHALLOW
Shal"low, v. i.

Defn: To become shallow, as water.

SHALLOW-BODIED
Shal"low-bod`ied, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Having a moderate depth of hold; -- said of a vessel.

SHALLOW-BRAINED
Shal"low-brained`, a.

Defn: Weak in intellect; foolish; empty-headed. South.

SHALLOW-HEARTED
Shal"low-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Incapable of deep feeling. Tennyson.

SHALLOWLY
Shal"low*ly, adv.

Defn: In a shallow manner.

SHALLOWNESS
Shal"low*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being shallow.

SHALLOW-PATED
Shal"low-pat`ed, a.

Defn: Shallow-brained.

SHALLOW-WAISTED
Shal"low-waist`ed, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Having a flush deck, or with only a moderate depression
amidships; -- said of a vessel.

SHALM
Shalm, n.

Defn: See Shawm. [Obs.] Knolles.

SHALT
Shalt,

Defn: 2d per. sing. of Shall.

SHALY
Shal"y, a.

Defn: Resembling shale in structure.

SHAM
Sham, n. Etym: [Originally the same word as shame, hence, a disgrace,
a trick. See Shame, n.]

1. That which deceives expectation; any trick, fraud, or device that
deludes and disappoint; a make-believe; delusion; imposture, humbug.
"A mere sham." Bp. Stillingfleet.
Believe who will the solemn sham, not I. Addison.

2. A false front, or removable ornamental covering. Pillow sham, a
covering to be laid on a pillow.

SHAM
Sham, a.

Defn: False; counterfeit; pretended; feigned; unreal; as, a sham
fight.
They scorned the sham independence proffered to them by the
Athenians. Jowett (Thucyd)

SHAM
Sham, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shammed; p. pr. & vb. n. Shamming.]

1. To trick; to cheat; to deceive or delude with false pretenses.
Fooled and shammed into a conviction. L'Estrange.

2. To obtrude by fraud or imposition. [R.]
We must have a care that we do not . . . sham fallacies upon the
world for current reason. L'Estrange.

3. To assume the manner and character of; to imitate; to ape; to
feign. To sham Abram or Abraham, to feign sickness; to malinger.
Hence a malingerer is called, in sailors' cant, Sham Abram, or Sham
Abraham.

SHAM
Sham, v. i.

Defn: To make false pretenses; to deceive; to feign; to impose.
Wondering . . . whether those who lectured him were such fools as
they professed to be, or were only shamming. Macaulay.

SHAMA
Sha"ma, n. Etym: [Hind. shama.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A saxicoline singing bird (Kittacincla macroura) of India,
noted for the sweetness and power of its song. In confinement it
imitates the notes of other birds and various animals with accuracy.
Its head, neck, back, breast, and tail are glossy black, the rump
white, the under parts chestnut.

SHAMAN
Sha"man, n. Etym: [From the native name.]

Defn: A priest of Shamanism; a wizard among the Shamanists.

SHAMANIC
Sha*man"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Shamanism.

SHAMANISM
Sha"man*ism, n.

Defn: The type of religion which once prevalied among all the Ural-
Altaic peoples (Tungusic, Mongol, and Turkish), and which still
survives in various parts of Northern Asia. The Shaman, or wizard
priest, deals with good as well as with evil spirits, especially the
good spirits of ancestors. Encyc. Brit.

SHAMANIST
Sha"man*ist, n.

Defn: An adherent of Shamanism.

SHAMBLE
Sham"ble, n. Etym: [OE. schamel a bench, stool, AS. scamel, sceamol,
a bench, form, stool, fr. L. scamellum, dim. of scamnum a bench,
stool.]

1. (Mining)

Defn: One of a succession of niches or platforms, one above another,
to hold ore which is thrown successively from platform to platform,
and thus raised to a higher level.

2. pl.

Defn: A place where butcher's meat is sold.
As summer flies are in the shambles. Shak.

3. pl.

Defn: A place for slaughtering animals for meat.
To make a shambles of the parliament house. Shak.

SHAMBLE
Sham"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shambled; p. pr. & vb. n. Shambling.]
Etym: [Cf. OD. schampelen to slip, schampen to slip away, escape. Cf.
Scamble, Scamper.]

Defn: To walk awkwardly and unsteadily, as if the knees were weak; to
shuffle along.

SHAMBLING
Sham"bling, a.

Defn: Characterized by an awkward, irregular pace; as, a shambling
trot; shambling legs.

SHAMBLING
Sham"bling, n.

Defn: An awkward, irregular gait.

SHAME
Shame, n. Etym: [OE. shame, schame, AS. scamu, sceamu; akin to OS. &
OHG. scama, G. scham, Icel. skömm, shkamm, Sw. & Dan. skam, D. & G.
schande, Goth. skanda shame, skaman sik to be ashamed; perhaps from a
root skam meaning to cover, and akin to the root (kam) of G. hemd
shirt, E. chemise. Cf. Sham.]

1. A painful sensation excited by a consciousness of guilt or
impropriety, or of having done something which injures reputation, or
of the exposure of that which nature or modesty prompts us to
conceal.
HIde, for shame, Romans, your grandsires' images, That blush at their
degenerate progeny. Dryden.
Have you no modesty, no maiden shame Shak.

2. Reproach incurred or suffered; dishonor; ignominy; derision;
contempt.
Ye have borne the shame of the heathen. Ezek. xxxvi. 6.
Honor and shame from no condition rise. Pope.
And every woe a tear can claim Except an erring sister's shame.
Byron.

3. The cause or reason of shame; that which brings reproach, and
degrades a person in the estimation of others; disgrace.
O Cshame is this! Shak.
Guides who are the shame of religion. Shak.

4. The parts which modesty requires to be covered; the private parts.
Isa. xlvii. 3. For shame! you should be ashamed; shame on you! -- To
put to shame, to cause to feel shame; to humiliate; to disgrace. "Let
them be driven backward and put to shame that wish me evil." Ps. xl.
14.

SHAME
Shame, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Shaming.]

1. To make ashamed; to excite in (a person) a comsciousness of guilt
or impropriety, or of conduct derogatory to reputation; to put to
shame.
Were there but one righteous in the world, he would . . . shame the
world, and not the world him. South.

2. To cover with reproach or ignominy; to dishonor; to disgrace.
And with foul cowardice his carcass shame. Spenser.

3. To mock at; to deride. [Obs. or R.]
Ye have shamed the counsel of the poor. Ps. xiv. 6.

SHAME
Shame, v. i. Etym: [AS. scamian, sceamian. See Shame, n.]

Defn: To be ashamed; to feel shame. [R.]
I do shame To think of what a noble strain you are. Shak.

SHAMEFACED
Shame"faced`, a. Etym: [For shamefast; AS. scamf. See Shame, n., and
Fast firm.]

Defn: Easily confused or put out of countenance; diffident; bashful;
modest.
Your shamefaced virtue shunned the people's prise. Dryden.

Note: Shamefaced was once shamefast, shamefacedness was
shamefastness, like steadfast and steadfastness; but the ordinary
manifestations of shame being by the face, have brought it to its
present orthography. Trench.
 -- Shame"faced, adv.
 -- Shame"faced`ness, n.

SHAMEFAST
Shame"fast, a. Etym: [AS. scamfæst.]

Defn: Modest; shamefaced.
 -- Shame"fast*ly, adv.
 -- Shame"fast*ness, n. [Archaic] See Shamefaced.
Shamefast she was in maiden shamefastness. Chaucer.
[Conscience] is a blushing shamefast spirit. Shak.
Modest apparel with shamefastness. 1 Tim. ii. 9 (Rev. Ver.).

SHAMEFUL
Shame"ful, a.

1. Bringing shame or disgrace; injurious to reputation; disgraceful.
His naval preparations were not more surprising than his quick and
shameful retreat. Arbuthnot.

2. Exciting the feeling of shame in others; indecent; as, a shameful
picture; a shameful sight. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- Disgraceful; reproachful; indecent; unbecoming; degrading;
scandalous; ignominious; infamous.
 -- Shame"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Shame"ful*ness, n.

SHAMELESS
Shame"less, a. Etym: [AS. scamleás.]

1. Destitute of shame; wanting modesty; brazen-faced; insensible to
disgrace. "Such shameless bards we have." Pope.
Shame enough to shame thee, wert thou not shameless. Shak.

2. Indicating want of modesty, or sensibility to disgrace; indecent;
as, a shameless picture or poem.

Syn.
 -- Impudent; unblushing; audacious; immodest; indecent; indelicate.
 -- Shame"less*ly, adv.
 -- Shame"less*ness, n.

SHAME-PROOF
Shame"-proof`, n.

Defn: Shameless. Shak.

SHAMER
Sham"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, disgraces, or makes ashamed. Beau & Fl.

SHAMMER
Sham"mer, n.

Defn: One who shams; an impostor. Johnson.

SHAMMY
Sham"my, n. Etym: [F. chamious a chamois, shammy leather. See
Chamois.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chamois.

2. A soft, pliant leather, prepared originally from the skin of the
chamois, but now made also from the skin of the sheep, goat, kid,
deer, and calf. See Shamoying. [Written also chamois, shamoy, and
shamois.]

SHAMOIS; SHAMOY
Sham"ois, Sham"oy, n.

Defn: See Shammy.

SHAMOYING
Sha*moy"ing, n. Etym: [See Shammy.]

Defn: A process used in preparing certain kinds of leather, which
consists in frizzing the skin, and working oil into it to supply the
place of the astringent (tannin, alum, or the like) ordinarily used
in tanning.

SHAMPOO
Sham*poo", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shampooed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shampooing.] Etym: [Hind. champna to press, to squeeze.] [Writing
also champoo.]

1. To press or knead the whole surface of the body of (a person), and
at the same time to stretch the limbs and joints, in connection with
the hot bath.

2. To wash throughly and rub the head of (a person), with the
fingers, using either soap, or a soapy preparation, for the more
thorough cleansing.

SHAMPOO
Sham*poo", n.

Defn: The act of shampooing.

SHAMPOOER
Sham*poo"er, n.

Defn: One who shampoos.

SHAMROCK
Sham"rock, n. Etym: [L. seamrog, seamar, trefoil, white clover, white
honeysuckle; akin to Gael. seamrag.] (Bot.)

Defn: A trifoliate plant used as a national emblem by the Irish. The
legend is that St. Patrick once plucked a leaf of it for use in
illustrating the doctrine of the trinity.

Note: The original plant was probably a kind of wood sorrel (Oxalis
Acetocella); but now the name is given to the white clover (Trifolium
repens), and the black medic (Medicago lupulina).

SHANDRYDAN
Shan"dry*dan, n.

Defn: A jocosely depreciative name for a vehicle. [Ireland]

SHANDYGAFF
Shan"dy*gaff (, n.

Defn: A mixture of strong beer and ginger beer. [Eng.]

SHANGHAI
Shang`hai", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shanghaied; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shanghaiing.]

Defn: To intoxicate and ship (a person) as a sailor while in this
condition. [Written also shanghae.] [Slang, U.S.]

SHANGHAI
Shang`hai", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large and tall breed of domestic fowl.

SHANK
Shank, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Chank.

SHANK
Shank, n. Etym: [OE. shanke, schanke, schonke, AS. scanca, sceanca,
sconca, sceonca; akin to D. schonk a bone, G. schenkel thigh, shank,
schinken ham, OHG. scincha shank, Dan. & Sw. skank. sq. root161. Cf.
Skink, v.]

1. The part of the leg from the knee to the foot; the shin; the shin
bone; also, the whole leg.
His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide For his shrunk shank.
Shak.

2. Hence, that part of an instrument, tool, or other thing, which
connects the acting part with a handle or other part, by which it is
held or moved. Specifically:
(a) That part of a key which is between the bow and the part which
enters the wards of the lock.
(b) The middle part of an anchor, or that part which is between the
ring and the arms. See Illustr. of Anchor.
(c) That part of a hoe, rake, knife, or the like, by which it is
secured to a handle.
(d) A loop forming an eye to a button.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: The space between two channels of the Doric triglyph. Gwilt.

4. (Founding)

Defn: A large ladle for molten metal, fitted with long bars for
handling it.

5. (Print.)

Defn: The body of a type.

6. (Shoemaking)

Defn: The part of the sole beneath the instep connecting the broader
front part with the heel.

7. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wading bird with long legs; as, the green-legged shank, or
knot; the yellow shank, or tattler; -- called also shanks.

8. pl.

Defn: Flat-nosed pliers, used by opticians for nipping off the edges
of pieces of glass to make them round. Shank painter (Naut.), a short
rope or chain which holds the shank of an anchor against the side of
a vessel when it is secured for a voyage.
 -- To ride shank's mare, to go on foot; to walk.

SHANK
Shank, v. i.

Defn: To fall off, as a leaf, flower, or capsule, on account of
disease affecting the supporting footstalk; -- usually followed by
off. Darwin.

SHANKBEER
Shank"beer`, n.

Defn: See Schenkbeer.

SHANKED
Shanked, a.

Defn: Having a shank.

SHANKER
Shank"er, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Chancre.

SHANNY
Shan"ny, n.; pl. Shannies. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European smooth blenny (Blennius pholis). It is olive-green
with irregular black spots, and without appendages on the head.

SHAN'T
Shan't.

Defn: A contraction of shall not. [Colloq.]

SHANTY
Shan"ty, a.

Defn: Jaunty; showy. [Prov. Eng.]

SHANTY
Shan"ty, n.;pl. Shanties. Etym: [Said to be fr. Ir. sean old + tig. a
house.]

Defn: A small, mean dwelling; a rough, slight building for temporary
use; a hut.

SHANTY
Shan"ty, v. i.

Defn: To inhabit a shanty. S. H. Hammond.

SHAPABLE
Shap"a*ble, a.

1. That may be shaped.

2. Shapely. [R.] "Round and shapable." De Foe.

SHAPE
Shape, v. t. [imp. Shaped; p. p. Shaped or Shapen; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shaping.] Etym: [OE. shapen, schapen, AS. sceapian. The p. p. shapen
is from the strong verb, AS. scieppan, scyppan, sceppan, p. p.
sceapen. See Shape, n.]

1. To form or create; especially, to mold or make into a particular
form; to give proper form or figure to.
I was shapen in iniquity. Ps. li. 5.
Grace shaped her limbs, and beauty decked her face. Prior.

2. To adapt to a purpose; to regulate; to adjust; to direct; as, to
shape the course of a vessel.
To the stream, when neither friends, nor force, Nor spead nor art
avail, he shapes his course. Denham.
Charmed by their eyes, their manners I acqire, And shape my
foolishness to their desire. Prior.

3. To image; to conceive; to body forth.
Oft my jealousy Shapes faults that are not. Shak.

4. To design; to prepare; to plan; to arrange.
When shapen was all this conspiracy, From point to point. Chaucer.
Shaping machine. (Mach.) Same as Shaper.
 -- To shape one's self, to prepare; to make ready. [Obs.]
I will early shape me therefor. Chaucer.

SHAPE
Shape, v. i.

Defn: To suit; to be adjusted or conformable. [R.] Shak.

SHAPE
Shape, n. Etym: [OE. shap, schap, AS. sceap in gesceap creation,
creature, fr. the root of scieppan, scyppan, sceppan, to shape, to
do, to effect; akin to OS. giskeppian, OFries. skeppa, D. scheppen,
G. schaffen, OHG. scaffan, scepfen, skeffen, Icer. skapa, skepja,
Dan. skabe, skaffe, Sw. skapa, skaffa, Goth. gaskapjan, and perhaps
to E. shave, v. Cf. -ship.]

1. Character or construction of a thing as determining its external
appearance; outward aspect; make; figure; form; guise; as, the shape
of a tree; the shape of the head; an elegant shape.
He beat me grievously, in the shape of a woman. Shak.

2. That which has form or figure; a figure; an appearance; a being.
Before the gates three sat, On either side, a formidable shape.
Milton.

3. A model; a pattern; a mold.

4. Form of embodiment, as in words; form, as of thought or
conception; concrete embodiment or example, as of some quality.
Milton.

5. Dress for disguise; guise. [Obs.]
Look better on this virgin, and consider This Persian shape laid by,
and she appearing In a Greekish dress. Messinger.

6. (Iron Manuf.)
(a) A rolled or hammered piece, as a bar, beam, angle iron, etc.,
having a cross section different from merchant bar.
(b) A piece which has been roughly forged nearly to the form it will
receive when completely forged or fitted. To take shape, to assume a
definite form.

SHAPELESS
Shape"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of shape or regular form; wanting symmetry of
dimensions; misshapen; -- opposed to Ant: shapely.
 -- Shape"less*ness, n.
The shapeless rock, or hanging precipice. Pope.

SHAPELINESS
Shape"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being shapely.

SHAPELY
Shape"ly, a. [Compar. Shapelier; superl. Shapeliest.]

1. Well-formed; having a regular shape; comely; symmetrical. T.
Warton.
Waste sandy valleys, once perplexed with thorn, The spiry fir and
shapely box adorn. Pope.
Where the shapely column stood. Couper.

2. Fit; suitable. [Obs.]
Shaply for to be an alderman. Chaucer.

SHAPER
Shap"er, n.

1. One who shapes; as, the shaper of one's fortunes.
The secret of those old shapers died with them. Lowell.

2. That which shapes; a machine for giving a particular form or
outline to an object. Specifically;
(a) (Metal Working) A kind of planer in which the tool, instead of
the work, receives a reciprocating motion, usually from a crank.
(b) (Wood Working) A machine with a vertically revolving cutter
projecting above a flat table top, for cutting irregular outlines,
moldings, etc.

SHAPOO
Sha"poo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The oörial.

SHAPS
Shaps, n. pl. [Shortened fr. chaparajos. Cf. Chaps.]

Defn: Chaparajos. [Western U. S.]

A pair of gorgeous buckskin shaps, embroidered up the sides and
adorned with innumerable ermine skins.
The Century.

SHARD
Shard, n.

Defn: A plant; chard. [Obs.] Dryden.

SHARD
Shard, n. Etym: [AS. sceard, properly a p. p. from the root of scearn
to shear, to cut; akin to D. schaard a fragment, G. scharte a notch,
Icel. skar. See Shear, and cf. Sherd.] [Written also sheard, and
sherd.]

1. A piece or fragment of an earthen vessel, or a like brittle
substance, as the shell of an egg or snail. Shak.
The precious dish Broke into shards of beauty on the board. E.
Arnold.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hard wing case of a beetle.
They are his shards, and he their beetle. Shak.

3. A gap in a fence. [Obs.] Stanyhurst.

4. A boundary; a division. [Obs. & R.] Spenser.

SHARD-BORNE
Shard"-borne`, a.

Defn: Borne on shards or scaly wing cases. "The shard-borne beetle."
Shak.

SHARDED
Shard"ed, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having elytra, as a beetle.

SHARDY
Shard"y, a.

Defn: Having, or consisting of, shards.

SHARE
Share, n. Etym: [OE. schar, AS. scear; akin to OHG. scaro, G. schar,
pflugshar, and E. shear, v. See Shear.]

1. The part (usually an iron or steel plate) of a plow which cuts the
ground at the bottom of a furrow; a plowshare.

2. The part which opens the ground for the reception of the seed, in
a machine for sowing seed. Knight.

SHARE
Share, n. Etym: [OE. share, AS. scearu, scaru, fr. sceran to shear,
cut. See Shear, v.]

1. A certain quantity; a portion; a part; a division; as, a small
share of prudence.

2. Especially, the part allotted or belonging to one, of any property
or interest owned by a number; a portion among others; an apportioned
lot; an allotment; a dividend. "My share of fame." Dryden.

3. Hence, one of a certain number of equal portions into which any
property or invested capital is divided; as, a ship owned in ten
shares.

4. The pubes; the sharebone. [Obs.] Holland. To go shares, to
partake; to be equally concerned.
 -- Share and share alike, in equal shares.

SHARE
Share, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shared; p. pr. & vb. n. Sharing.]

1. To part among two or more; to distribute in portions; to divide.
Suppose I share my fortune equally between my children and a
stranger. Swift.

2. To partake of, use, or experience, with others; to have a portion
of; to take and possess in common; as, to share a shelter with
another.
While avarice and rapine share the land. Milton.

3. To cut; to shear; to cleave; to divide. [Obs.]
The shared visage hangs on equal sides. Dryden.

SHARE
Share, v. i.

Defn: To have part; to receive a portion; to partake, enjoy, or
suffer with others.
A right of inheritance gave every one a title to share in the goods
of his father. Locke.

SHAREBEAM
Share"beam`, n.

Defn: The part of the plow to which the share is attached.

SHAREBONE
Share"bone`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The public bone.

SHAREBROKER
Share"bro`ker, n.

Defn: A broker who deals in railway or other shares and securities.

SHAREHOLDER
Share"hold`er, n.

Defn: One who holds or owns a share or shares in a joint fund or
property.

SHARER
Shar"er, n.

Defn: One who shares; a participator; a partaker; also, a divider; a
distributer.

SHAREWORT
Share"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A composite plant (Aster Tripolium) growing along the seacoast
of Europe.

SHARK
Shark, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin; perhaps through OF. fr.
carcharus a kind of dogfish, Gr. Shark, v. t.&i.); cf. Corn.
scarceas.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of elasmobranch fishes of the order
Plagiostomi, found in all seas.

Note: Some sharks, as the basking shark and the whale shark, grow to
an enormous size, the former becoming forty feet or more, and the
latter sixty feet or more, in length. Most of them are harmless to
man, but some are exceedingly voracious. The man-eating sharks mostly
belong to the genera Carcharhinus, Carcharodon, and related genera.
They have several rows of large sharp teeth with serrated edges, as
the great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias, or Rondeleti) of
tropical seas, and the great blue shark (Carcharhinus glaucus) of all
tropical and temperate seas. The former sometimes becomes thirty-six
feet long, and is the most voracious and dangerous species known. The
rare man-eating shark of the United States coast (Charcarodon
Atwoodi) is thought by some to be a variety, or the young, of C.
carcharias. The dusky shark (Carcharhinus obscurus), and the smaller
blue shark (C. caudatus), both common species on the coast of the
United States, are of moderate size and not dangerous. They feed on
shellfish and bottom fishes.

2. A rapacious, artful person; a sharper. [Colloq.]

3. Trickery; fraud; petty rapine; as, to live upon the shark. [Obs.]
South. Baskin shark, Liver shark, Nurse shark, Oil shark, Sand shark,
Tiger shark, etc. See under Basking, Liver, etc. See also Dogfish,
Houndfish, Notidanian, and Tope.
 -- Gray shark, the sand shark.
 -- Hammer-headed shark. See Hammerhead.
 -- Port Jackson shark. See Cestraciont.
 -- Shark barrow, the eggcase of a shark; a sea purse.
 -- Shark ray. Same as Angel fish (a), under Angel.
 -- Thrasher shark, or Thresher shark, a large, voracious shark. See
Thrasher.
 -- Whale shark, a huge harmless shark (Rhinodon typicus) of the
Indian Ocean. It becomes sixty feet or more in length, but has very
small teeth.

SHARK
Shark, v. t. Etym: [Of uncertain origin; perhaps fr. shark, n., or
perhaps related to E. shear (as hearken to hear), and originally
meaning, to clip off. Cf. Shirk.]

Defn: To pick or gather indiscriminately or covertly. [Obs.] Shak.

SHARK
Shark, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sharked; p. pr. & vb. n. Sharking.]

1. To play the petty thief; to practice fraud or trickery; to
swindle.
Neither sharks for a cup or a reckoning. Bp. Earle.

2. To live by shifts and stratagems. Beau & Fl.

SHARKER
Shark"er, n.

Defn: One who lives by sharking.

SHARKING
Shark"ing, n.

Defn: Petty rapine; trick; also, seeking a livelihood by shifts and
dishonest devices.

SHAROCK
Shar"ock, n.

Defn: An East Indian coin of the value of 12

SHARP
Sharp, a. [Compar. Sharper; superl. Sharpest.] Etym: [OE. sharp,
scharp, scarp, AS. scearp; akin to OS. skarp, LG. scharp, D. scherp,
G. scharf, Dan. & Sw. skarp, Icel. skarpr. Cf. Escarp, Scrape,
Scorpion.]

1. Having a very thin edge or fine point; of a nature to cut or
pierce easily; not blunt or dull; keen.
He dies upon my scimeter's sharp point. Shak.

2. Terminating in a point or edge; not obtuse or rounded; somewhat
pointed or edged; peaked or ridged; as, a sharp hill; sharp features.

3. Affecting the sense as if pointed or cutting, keen, penetrating,
acute: to the taste or smell, pungent, acid, sour, as ammonia has a
sharp taste and odor; to the hearing, piercing, shrill, as a sharp
sound or voice; to the eye, instantaneously brilliant, dazzling, as a
sharp flash.

4. (Mus.)
(a) High in pitch; acute; as, a sharp note or tone.
(b) Raised a semitone in pitch; as, C sharp (C#), which is a half
step, or semitone, higher than C.
(c) So high as to be out of tune, or above true pitch; as, the tone
is sharp; that instrument is sharp. Opposed in all these senses to
Ant: flat.

5. Very trying to the feelings; pierching; keen; severe; painful;
distressing; as, sharp pain, weather; a sharp and frosty air.
Sharp misery had worn him to the bones. Shak.
The morning sharp and clear. Cowper.
In sharpest perils faithful proved. Keble.

6. Cutting in language or import; biting; sarcastic; cruel; harsh;
rigorous; severe; as, a sharp rebuke. "That sharp look." Tennyson.
To that place the sharp Athenian law Can not pursue us. Shak.
Be thy words severe, Sharp as merits but the sword forbear. Dryden.

7. Of keen perception; quick to discern or distinguish; having nice
discrimination; acute; penetrating; sagacious; clever; as, a sharp
eye; sharp sight, hearing, or judgment.
Nothing makes men sharper . . . than want. Addison.
Many other things belong to the material world, wherein the sharpest
philosophers have never yeL. Watts.

8. Eager in pursuit; keen in quest; impatient for gratification;
keen; as, a sharp appetite.

9. Fierce; ardent; fiery; violent; impetuous. "In sharp contest of
battle." Milton.
A sharp assault already is begun. Dryden.

10. Keenly or unduly attentive to one's own interest; close and exact
in dealing; shrewd; as, a sharp dealer; a sharp customer.
The necessity of being so sharp and exacting. Swift.

11. Composed of hard, angular grains; gritty; as, sharp sand. Moxon.

12. Steep; precipitous; abrupt; as, a sharp ascent or descent; a
sharp turn or curve.

13. (Phonetics)

Defn: Uttered in a whisper, or with the breath alone, without voice,
as certain consonants, such as p, k, t, f; surd; nonvocal; aspirated.

Note: Sharp is often used in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, sharp-cornered, sharp-edged, sharp-pointed, sharp-
tasted, sharp-visaged, etc. Sharp practice, the getting of an
advantage, or the attempt to do so, by a tricky expedient.
 -- To brace sharp, or To sharp up (Naut.), to turn the yards to the
most oblique position possible, that the ship may lie well up to the
wind.

Syn.
 -- Keen; acute; piercing; penetrating; quick; sagacious; discerning;
shrewd; witty; ingenious; sour; acid; tart; pungent; acrid; severe;
poignant; biting; acrimonious; sarcastic; cutting; bitter; painful;
afflictive; violent; harsh; fierce; ardent; fiery.

SHARP
Sharp, adv.

1. To a point or edge; piercingly; eagerly; sharply. M. Arnold.
The head [of a spear] full sharp yground. Chaucer.
You bite so sharp at reasons. Shak.

2. Precisely; exactly; as, we shall start at ten o'clock sharp.
[Colloq.] Look sharp, attend; be alert. [Colloq.]

SHARP
Sharp, n.

1. A sharp tool or weapon. [Obs.]
If butchers had but the manners to go to sharps, gentlemen would be
contented with a rubber at cuffs. Collier.

2. (Mus.)
(a) The character [#] used to indicate that the note before which it
is placed is to be raised a half step, or semitone, in pitch.
(b) A sharp tone or note. Shak.

3. A portion of a stream where the water runs very rapidly. [Prov.
Eng.] C. Kingsley.

4. A sewing needle having a very slender point; a needle of the most
pointed of the three grades, blunts, betweens, and sharps.

5. pl.

Defn: Same as Middlings, 1.

6. An expert. [Slang]

SHARP
Sharp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sharped; p. pr. & vb. n. Sharping.]

1. To sharpen. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: To raise above the proper pitch; to elevate the tone of;
especially, to raise a half step, or semitone, above the natural
tone.

SHARP
Sharp, v. i.

1. To play tricks in bargaining; to act the sharper. L'Estrange.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: To sing above the proper pitch.

SHARP-CUT
Sharp-cut`, a.

Defn: Cut sharply or definitely, or so as to make a clear, well-
defined impression, as the lines of an engraved plate, and the like;
clear-cut; hence, having great distinctness; well-defined; clear.

SHARPEN
Sharp"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sarpened; p. pr. & vb. n. Sharpening.]
Etym: [See Sharp, a.]

Defn: To make sharp. Specifically:
(a) To give a keen edge or fine point to; to make sharper; as, to
sharpen an ax, or the teeth of a saw.
(b) To render more quick or acute in perception; to make more ready
or ingenious.
The air . . . sharpened his visual ray To objects distant far.
Milton.
He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and sharpens our
skill. Burke.

(c) To make more eager; as, to sharpen men's desires.
Epicurean cooks Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite. Shak.

(d) To make more pungent and intense; as, to sharpen a pain or
disease.
(e) To make biting, sarcastic, or severe. "Sharpen each word." E.
Smith.
(f) To render more shrill or piercing.
Inclosures not only preserve sound, but increase and sharpen it.
Bacon.

(g) To make more tart or acid; to make sour; as, the rays of the sun
sharpen vinegar.
(h) (Mus. ) To raise, as a sound, by means of a sharp; to apply a
sharp to.

SHARPEN
Sharp"en, v. i.

Defn: To grow or become sharp.

SHARPER
Sharp"er, n.

Defn: A person who bargains closely, especially, one who cheats in
bargains; a swinder; also, a cheating gamester.
Sharpers, as pikes, prey upon their own kind. L'Estrange.

Syn.
 -- Swindler; cheat; deceiver; trickster; rogue. See Swindler.

SHARPIE
Sharp"ie, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A long, sharp, flat-bottomed boat, with one or two masts
carrying a triangular sail. They are often called Fair Haven
sharpies, after the place on the coast of Connecticut where they
originated. [Local, U.S.]

SHARPLING
Sharp"ling, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stickleback. [Prov. Eng.]

SHARPLY
Sharp"ly, adv.

Defn: In a sharp manner,; keenly; acutely.
They are more sharply to be chastised and reformed than the rude
Irish. Spenser.
The soldiers were sharply assailed with wants. Hayward.
You contract your eye when you would see sharply. Bacon.

SHARPNESS
Sharp"ness, n. Etym: [AS. scearpness.]

Defn: The quality or condition of being sharp; keenness; acuteness.

SHARPSAW
Sharp"saw`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The great titmouse; -- so called from its harsh call notes.
[Prov. Eng.]

SHARP-SET
Sharp"-set`, a.

Defn: Eager in appetite or desire of gratification; affected by keen
hunger; ravenous; as, an eagle or a lion sharp-set.
The town is sharp-set on new plays. Pope.

SHARPSHOOTER
Sharp"shoot`er, n.

Defn: One skilled in shooting at an object with exactness; a good
marksman.

SHARPSHOOTING
Sharp"shoot`ing, n.

Defn: A shooting with great precision and effect; hence, a keen
contest of wit or argument.

SHARP-SIGHTED
Sharp"-sight`ed, a.

Defn: Having quick or acute sight; -- used literally and
figuratively.
 -- Sharp`-sight`ed*ness, n.

SHARPTAIL
Sharp"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The pintail duck.
(b) The pintail grouse, or prairie chicken.

SHARP-WITTED
Sharp"-wit`ted, a.

Defn: Having an acute or nicely discerning mind.

SHASH
Shash, n. Etym: [See Sash.]

1. The scarf of a turban. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. A sash. [Obs.]

SHASTA
Shas"ta, n.

Defn: A mountain peak, etc., in California.

SHASTA DAISY
Shasta daisy.

Defn: A large-flowered garden variety of the oxeye daisy.

SHASTA FIR
Shasta fir.

Defn: A Californian fir (Abies shastensis).

SHASTA SAM
Shasta Sam. (Card Playing)

Defn: A game like California Jack, except that the pack drawn from is
turned face down.

SHASTER; SHASTRA
Shas"ter, Shas"tra, n. Etym: [Skr. castra an order or command, a
sacred book, fr. cas to order, instruct, govern. Cf. Sastra.]

Defn: A treatise for authoritative instruction among the Hindoos; a
book of institutes; especially, a treatise explaining the Vedas.
[Written also sastra.]

SHATHMONT
Shath"mont (, n.

Defn: A shaftment. [Scot.]

SHATTER
Shat"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shattered; p. pr. & vb. n. Shattering.]
Etym: [OE. schateren, scateren, to scatter, to dash, AS. scateran;
cf. D. schateren to crack, to make a great noise, OD. schetteren to
scatter, to burst, to crack. Cf. Scatter.]

1. To break at once into many pieces; to dash, burst, or part
violently into fragments; to rend into splinters; as, an explosion
shatters a rock or a bomb; too much steam shatters a boiler; an oak
is shattered by lightning.
A monarchy was shattered to pieces, and divided amongst revolted
subjects. Locke.

2. To disorder; to derange; to render unsound; as, to be shattered in
intellect; his constitution was shattered; his hopes were shattered.
A man of a loose, volatile, and shattered humor. Norris.

3. To scatter about. [Obs.]
Shatter your leaves before the mellowing year. Milton.

SHATTER
Shat"ter, v. i.

Defn: To be broken into fragments; to fal
Some fragile bodies break but where the force is; some shatter and
fly in many places. Bacon.

SHATTER
Shat"ter, n.

Defn: A fragment of anything shattered; -- used chiefly or soley in
the phrase into shatters; as, to break a glass into shatters. Swift.

SHATTER-BRAINED; SHATTER-PATED
Shat"ter-brained`, Shat"ter-pat`ed, a.

Defn: Disordered or wandering in intellect; hence, heedless; wild. J.
Goodman.

SHATTERY
Shat"ter*y, a.

Defn: Easily breaking into pieces; not compact; loose of texture;
brittle; as, shattery spar.

SHAVE
Shave,

Defn: obs. p. p. of Shave. Chaucer.
His beard was shave as nigh as ever he can. Chaucer.

SHAVE
Shave, v. t. [imp. Shaved;p. p. Shaved or Shaven (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shaving.] Etym: [OE. shaven, schaven, AS. scafan, sceafan; akin to D.
schaven, G. schaben, Icel. skafa, Sw. skafva, Dan. skave, Goth.
scaban, Russ. kopate to dig, Gr. scabere to scratch, to scrape. Cf.
Scab, Shaft, Shape.]

1. To cut or pare off from the surface of a body with a razor or
other edged instrument; to cut off closely, as with a razor; as, to
shave the beard.

2. To make bare or smooth by cutting off closely the surface, or
surface covering, of; especially, to remove the hair from with a
razor or other sharp instrument; to take off the beard or hair of;
as, to shave the face or the crown of the head; he shaved himself.
I'll shave your crown for this. Shak.
The laborer with the bending scythe is seen Shaving the surface of
the waving green. Gay.

3. To cut off thin slices from; to cut in thin slices.
Plants bruised or shaven in leaf or root. Bacon.

4. To skim along or near the surface of; to pass close to, or touch
lightly, in passing.
Now shaves with level wing the deep. Milton.

5. To strip; to plunder; to fleece. [Colloq.] To shave a note, to buy
it at a discount greater than the legal rate of interest, or to
deduct in discounting it more than the legal rate allows. [Cant,
U.S.]

SHAVE
Shave, v. i.

Defn: To use a razor for removing the beard; to cut closely; hence,
to be hard and severe in a bargain; to practice extortion; to cheat.

SHAVE
Shave, n. Etym: [AS. scafa, sceafa, a sort of knife. See Shave, v.
t.]

1. A thin slice; a shaving. Wright.

2. A cutting of the beard; the operation of shaving.

3.
(a) An exorbitant discount on a note. [Cant, U.S.]
(b) A premium paid for an extension of the time of delivery or
payment, or for the right to vary a stock contract in any particular.
[Cant, U.S.] N. Biddle.

4. A hand tool consisting of a sharp blade with a handle at each end;
a drawing knife; a spokeshave.

5. The act of passing very near to, so as almost to graze; as, the
bullet missed by a close shave. [Colloq.] Shave grass (Bot.), the
scouring rush. See the Note under Equisetum.
 -- Shave hook, a tool for scraping metals, consisting of a sharp-
edged triangular steel plate attached to a shank and handle.

SHAVELING
Shave"ling, n.

Defn: A man shaved; hence, a monk, or other religious; -- used in
contempt.
I am no longer a shaveling than while my frock is on my back. Sir W.
Scott.

SHAVER
Shav"er, n.

1. One who shaves; one whose occupation is to shave.

2. One who is close in bargains; a sharper. Swift.

3. One who fleeces; a pillager; a plunderer.
By these shavers the Turks were stripped. Knolles.

4. A boy; a lad; a little fellow. [Colloq.] "These unlucky little
shavers." Salmagundi.
As I have mentioned at the door to this young shaver, I am on a chase
in the name of the king. Dickens.

5. (Mech.)

Defn: A tool or machine for shaving. A note shaver, a person who buys
notes at a discount greater than the legal rate of interest. [Cant,
U.S.]

SHAVING
Shav"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, shaves; specifically, the act
of cutting off the beard with a razor.

2. That which is shaved off; a thin slice or strip pared off with a
shave, a knife, a plane, or other cutting instrument. "Shaving of
silver." Chaucer. Shaving brush, a brush used in lathering the face
preparatory to shaving it.

SHAW
Shaw, n. Etym: [OE. schawe, scha, thicket, grove, AS. scaga; akin to
Dan. skov, Sw. skog, Icel. sk.]

1. A thicket; a small wood or grove. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.]
Burns.
Gaillard he was as goldfinch in the shaw. Chaucer.
The green shaws, the merry green woods. Howitt.

2. pl.

Defn: The leaves and tops of vegetables, as of potatoes, turnips,
etc. [Scot.] Jamieson.

SHAWFOWL
Shaw"fowl`, n. Etym: [Scot. schaw, shaw, show + fowl.]

Defn: The representation or image of a fowl made by fowlers to shoot
at. Johnson.

SHAWL
Shawl, n. Etym: [Per. & Hind. shal: cf. F. châle.]

Defn: A square or oblong cloth of wool, cotton, silk, or other
textile or netted fabric, used, especially by women, as a loose
covering for the neck and shoulders. India shawl, a kind of rich
shawl made in India from the wool of the Cashmere goat. It is woven
in pieces, which are sewed together.
 -- Shawl goat (Zoöl.), the Cashmere goat.

SHAWL
Shawl, v. t.

Defn: To wrap in a shawl. Thackeray.

SHAWM
Shawm, n. Etym: [OE. shalmie, OF. chalemie; cf. F. chalumeau shawm,
chaume haulm, stalk; all fr. L. calamus a reed, reed pipe. See Haulm,
and cf. Calumet.] (Mus.)

Defn: A wind instrument of music, formerly in use, supposed to have
resembled either the clarinet or the hautboy in form. [Written also
shalm, shaum.] Otway.
Even from the shrillest shaum unto the cornamute. Drayton.

SHAWNEES
Shaw`nees", n. pl.; sing. Shawnee (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of North American Indians who occupied Western New York
and part of Ohio, but were driven away and widely dispersed by the
Iroquois.

SHAY
Shay, n.

Defn: A chaise. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]

SHE
She, pron. [sing. nom. She; poss. Her. ( or Hers (; obj. Her; pl.
nom. They; poss. Their or Theirs (; obj. Them.] Etym: [OE. she, sche,
scheo, scho, AS. seó, fem. of the definite article, originally a
demonstrative pronoun; cf. OS. siu, D. zij, G. sie, OHG. siu, si, si,
Icel. su, sja, Goth. si she, so, fem. article, Russ. siia, fem.,
this, Gr. sa, sya. The possessive her or hers, and the objective her,
are from a different root. See Her.]

1. This or that female; the woman understood or referred to; the
animal of the female sex, or object personified as feminine, which
was spoken of.
She loved her children best in every wise. Chaucer.
Then Sarah denied, . . . for she was afraid. Gen. xviii. 15.

2. A woman; a female; -- used substantively. [R.]
Lady, you are the cruelest she alive. Shak.

Note: She is used in composition with nouns of common gender, for
female, to denote an animal of the female sex; as, a she-bear; a she-
cat.

SHEADING
Shead"ing, n. Etym: [From AS. scadan, sceádan, to separate, divide.
See Shed, v. t.]

Defn: A tithing, or division, in the Isle of Man, in which there is a
coroner, or chief constable. The island is divided into six
sheadings.

SHEAF
Sheaf, n. (Mech.)

Defn: A sheave. [R.]

SHEAF
Sheaf, n.; pl. Sheaves. Etym: [OE. sheef, shef, schef, AS. sceáf;
akin to D. schoof, OHG. scoub, G. schaub, Icel. skauf a fox's brush,
and E. shove. See Shove.]

1. A quantity of the stalks and ears of wheat, rye, or other grain,
bound together; a bundle of grain or straw.
The reaper fills his greedy hands, And binds the golden sheaves in
brittle bands. Dryden.

2. Any collection of things bound together; a bundle; specifically, a
bundle of arrows sufficient to fill a quiver, or the allowance of
each archer, -- usually twenty-four.
The sheaf of arrows shook and rattled in the case. Dryden.

SHEAF
Sheaf, v. t.

Defn: To gather and bind into a sheaf; to make into sheaves; as, to
sheaf wheat.

SHEAF
Sheaf, v. i.

Defn: To collect and bind cut grain, or the like; to make sheaves.
They that reap must sheaf and bind. Shak.

SHEAFY
Sheaf"y, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, a sheaf or sheaves; resembling
a sheaf.

SHEAL
Sheal, n.

Defn: Same as Sheeling. [Scot.]

SHEAL
Sheal, v. t.

Defn: To put under a sheal or shelter. [Scot.]

SHEAL
Sheal, v. t. Etym: [See Shell.]

Defn: To take the husks or pods off from; to shell; to empty of its
contents, as a husk or a pod. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.] Jamieson.
That's a shealed peascod. Shak.

SHEAL
Sheal, n.

Defn: A shell or pod. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.]

SHEALING
Sheal"ing, n.

Defn: The outer husk, pod, or shell, as of oats, pease, etc.; sheal;
shell. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

SHEALING
Sheal"ing, n.

Defn: Same as Sheeling. [Scot.]

SHEAR
Shear, v. t. [imp. Sheared or Shore (;p. p. Sheared or Shorn (; p.
pr. & vb. n. Shearing.] Etym: [OE. sheren, scheren, to shear, cut,
shave, AS. sceran, scieran, scyran; akin to D. & G. scheren, Icel.
skera, Dan. ski, Gr. Jeer, Score, Shard, Share, Sheer to turn aside.]

1. To cut, clip, or sever anything from with shears or a like
instrument; as, to shear sheep; to shear cloth.

Note: It is especially applied to the cutting of wool from sheep or
their skins, and the nap from cloth.

2. To separate or sever with shears or a similar instrument; to cut
off; to clip (something) from a surface; as, to shear a fleece.
Before the golden tresses . . . were shorn away. Shak.

3. To reap, as grain. [Scot.] Jamieson.

4. Fig.: To deprive of property; to fleece.

5. (Mech.)

Defn: To produce a change of shape in by a shear. See Shear, n., 4.

SHEAR
Shear, n. Etym: [AS. sceara. See Shear, v. t.]

1. A pair of shears; -- now always used in the plural, but formerly
also in the singular. See Shears.
On his head came razor none, nor shear. Chaucer.
Short of the wool, and naked from the shear. Dryden.

2. A shearing; -- used in designating the age of sheep.
After the second shearing, he is a two-sher ram; . . . at the
expiration of another year, he is a three-shear ram; the name always
taking its date from the time of shearing. Youatt.

3. (Engin.)

Defn: An action, resulting from applied forces, which tends to cause
two contiguous parts of a body to slide relatively to each other in a
direction parallel to their plane of contact; -- also called shearing
stress, and tangential stress.

4. (Mech.)

Defn: A strain, or change of shape, of an elastic body, consisting of
an extension in one direction, an equal compression in a
perpendicular direction, with an unchanged magnitude in the third
direction. Shear blade, one of the blades of shears or a shearing
machine.
 -- Shear hulk. See under Hulk.
 -- Shear steel, a steel suitable for shears, scythes, and other
cutting instruments, prepared from fagots of blistered steel by
repeated heating, rolling, and tilting, to increase its malleability
and fineness of texture.

SHEAR
Shear, v. i.

1. To deviate. See Sheer.

2. (Engin.)

Defn: To become more or less completely divided, as a body under the
action of forces, by the sliding of two contiguous parts relatively
to each other in a direction parallel to their plane of contact.

SHEARBILL
Shear"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The black skimmer. See Skimmer.

SHEARD
Sheard, n.

Defn: See Shard. [Obs.]

SHEARER
Shear"er, n.

1. One who shears.
Like a lamb dumb before his shearer. Acts viii. 32.

2. A reaper. [Scot.] Jamieson.

SHEARING
Shear"ing, n.

1. The act or operation of clipping with shears or a shearing
machine, as the wool from sheep, or the nap from cloth.

2. The product of the act or operation of clipping with shears or a
shearing machine; as, the whole shearing of a flock; the shearings
from cloth.

3. Same as Shearling. Youatt.

4. The act or operation of reaping. [Scot.]

5. The act or operation of dividing with shears; as, the shearing of
metal plates.

6. The process of preparing shear steel; tilting.

7. (Mining)

Defn: The process of making a vertical side cutting in working into a
face of coal. Shearing machine. (a) A machine with blades, or rotary
disks, for dividing plates or bars of metal. (b) A machine for
shearing cloth.

SHEARLING
Shear"ling, n.

Defn: A sheep but once sheared.

SHEARMAN
Shear"man, n.; pl. Shearmen (.

Defn: One whose occupation is to shear cloth.

SHEARN
Shearn, n. Etym: [AS. scearn. Cf. Scarn.]

Defn: Dung; excrement. [Obs.] [Written also shern.] Holland.

SHEARS
Shears, n. pl. Etym: [Formerly used also in the singular. See Shear,
n.,1.]

1. A cutting instrument. Specifically:
(a) An instrument consisting of two blades, commonly with bevel
edges, connected by a pivot, and working on both sides of the
material to be cut, -- used for cutting cloth and other substances.
Fate urged the shears, and cut the sylph in twain. Pope.

(b) A similar instrument the blades of which are extensions of a
curved spring, -- used for shearing sheep or skins.
(c) A shearing machine; a blade, or a set of blades, working against
a resisting edge.

2. Anything in the form of shears. Specifically:
(a) A pair of wings. [Obs.] Spenser.
(b) An apparatus for raising heavy weights, and especially for
stepping and unstepping the lower masts of ships. It consists of two
or more spars or pieces of timber, fastened together near the top,
steadied by a guy or guys, and furnished with the necessary tackle.
[Written also sheers.]

3. (Mach.)

Defn: The bedpiece of a machine tool, upon which a table or slide
rest is secured; as, the shears of a lathe or planer. See Illust.
under Lathe. Rotary shears. See under Rotary.

SHEAR STEEL
Shear steel.

Defn: See under Shear.

SHEARTAIL
Shear"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The common tern.
(b) Any one of several species of humming birds of the genus
Thaumastura having a long forked tail.

SHEARWATER
Shear"wa`ter, n. Etym: [Shear + water; cf. G. wassersherer; -- so
called from its running lightly along the surface of the water.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of long-winged oceanic birds of the
genus Puffinus and related genera. They are allied to the petrels,
but are larger. The Manx shearwater (P. Anglorum), the dusky
shearwater (P. obscurus), and the greater shearwater (P. major), are
well-known species of the North Atlantic. See Hagdon.

SHEATFISH
Sheat"fish`, n. Etym: [Cf. dial. G. scheid, schaid, schaiden.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A European siluroid fish (Silurus glanis) allied to the cat-
fishes. It is the largest fresh-water fish of Europe, sometimes
becoming six feet or more in length. See Siluroid.

SHEATH
Sheath, n. Etym: [OE. schethe, AS. scæedh, sceáedh, sceedh; akin to
OS. skeedhia, D. scheede, G. scheide, OHG. sceida, Sw. skida, Dan.
skede, Icel. skeiedhir, pl., and to E. shed, v.t., originally
meaning, to separate, to part. See Shed.]

1. A case for the reception of a sword, hunting knife, or other long
and slender instrument; a scabbard.
The dead knight's sword out of his sheath he drew. Spenser.

2. Any sheathlike covering, organ, or part. Specifically:
(a) (Bot.) The base of a leaf when sheathing or investing a stem or
branch, as in grasses.
(b) (Zoöl.) One of the elytra of an insect. Medullary sheath. (Anat.)
See under Medullary.
 -- Primitive sheath. (Anat.) See Neurilemma.
 -- Sheath knife, a knife with a fixed blade, carried in a sheath.
 -- Sheath of Schwann. (Anat.) See Schwann's sheath.

SHEATHBILL
Sheath"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Either one of two species of birds composing the genus Chionis,
and family Chionidæ, native of the islands of the Antarctic.seas.

Note: They are related to the gulls and the plovers, but more nearly
to the latter. The base of the bill is covered with a saddle-shaped
horny sheath, and the toes are only slightly webbed. The plumage of
both species is white.

SHEATHE
Sheathe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sheathed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sheating.]
Etym: [Written also sheath.]

1. To put into a sheath, case, or scabbard; to inclose or cover with,
or as with, a sheath or case.
The leopard . . . keeps the claws of his fore feet turned up from the
ground, and sheathed in the skin of his toes. Grew.
'T is in my breast she sheathes her dagger now. Dryden.

2. To fit or furnish, as with a sheath. Shak.

3. To case or cover with something which protects, as thin boards,
sheets of metal, and the like; as, to sheathe a ship with copper.

4. To obtund or blunt, as acrimonious substances, or sharp particles.
[R.] Arbuthnot. To sheathe the sword, to make peace.

SHEATHED
Sheathed, a.

1. Povided with, or inclosed in, sheath.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Invested by a sheath, or cylindrical membranaceous tube, which
is the base of the leaf, as the stalk or culm in grasses; vaginate.

SHEATHER
Sheath"er, n.

Defn: One who sheathes.

SHEATHFISH
Sheath"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Sheatfish.

SHEATHING
Sheath"ing, p. pr. & a.

Defn: from Sheathe. Inclosing with a sheath; as, the sheathing leaves
of grasses; the sheathing stipules of many polygonaceous plants.

SHEATHING
Sheath"ing, n.

Defn: That which sheathes. Specifically:
(a) The casing or covering of a ship's bottom and sides; the
materials for such covering; as, copper sheathing.
(b) (Arch.) The first covering of boards on the outside wall of a
frame house or on a timber roof; also, the material used for
covering; ceiling boards in general.

SHEATHLESS
Sheath"less, a.

Defn: Without a sheath or case for covering; unsheathed.

SHEATH-WINGED
Sheath"-winged`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having elytra, or wing cases, as a beetle.

SHEATHY
Sheath"y, a.

Defn: Forming or resembling a sheath or case. Sir T. Browne.

SHEA TREE
She"a tree`. (Bot.)

Defn: An African sapotaceous tree (Bassia, or Butyrospermum, Parkii),
from the seeds of which a substance resembling butter is obtained;
the African butter tree.

SHEAVE
Sheave, n. Etym: [Akin to OD. schijve orb, disk, wheel, D. schiff, G.
scheibe, Icel. skifa a shaving, slice; cf. Gr. Shift, v., Shive.]

Defn: A wheel having a groove in the rim for a rope to work in, and
set in a block, mast, or the like; the wheel of a pulley. Sheave
hole, a channel cut in a mast, yard, rail, or other timber, in which
to fix a sheave.

SHEAVE
Sheave, v. t. Etym: [See Sheaf of straw.]

Defn: To gather and bind into a sheaf or sheaves; hence, to collect.
Ashmole.

SHEAVED
Sheaved, a.

Defn: Made of straw. [Obs.] Shak.

SHEBANDER
Sheb"an*der, n. Etym: [Per. shahbandar.]

Defn: A harbor master, or ruler of a port, in the East Indies.
[Written also shebunder.]

SHEBANG
She*bang", n. Etym: [Cf. Shebeen.]

Defn: A jocosely depreciative name for a dwelling or shop.
[Slang,U.S.]

SHEBEEN
She*been", n. Etym: [Of Irish origin; cf. Ir. seapa a shop.]

Defn: A low public house; especially, a place where spirits and other
excisable liquors are illegally and privately sold. [Ireland]

SHECHINAH
She*chi"nah, n.

Defn: See Shekinah.

SHECKLATON
Sheck"la*ton, n. Etym: [Cf. Ciclatoun.]

Defn: A kind of gilt leather. See Checklaton. [Obs.] Spenser.

SHED
Shed, n. Etym: [The same word as shade. See Shade.]

Defn: A slight or temporary structure built to shade or shelter
something; a structure usually open in front; an outbuilding; a hut;
as, a wagon shed; a wood shed.
The first Aletes born in lowly shed. Fairfax.
Sheds of reeds which summer's heat repel. Sandys.

SHED
Shed, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shed; p. pr. & vb. n. Shedding.] Etym: [OE.
scheden, sch, to pour, to part, AS. scadan, sceádan, to pert, to
separate; akin to OS. sk, OFries. skscheiden, OHG. sceidan, Goth.
skaidan, and probably to Lith. skëdu I part, separate, L. scindere to
cleave, to split, Gr. chid, and perch. also to L. caedere to cut. sq.
root159. Cf. Chisel, Concise, Schism, Sheading, Sheath, Shide.]

1. To separate; to divide. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.] Robert of Brunne.

2. To part with; to throw off or give forth from one's self; to emit;
to diffuse; to cause to emanate or flow; to pour forth or out; to
spill; as, the sun sheds light; she shed tears; the clouds shed rain.
Did Romeo's hand shed Tybalt's blood Shak.
Twice seven consenting years have shed Their utmost bounty on thy
head. Wordsworth.

3. To let fall; to throw off, as a natural covering of hair,
feathers, shell; to cast; as, fowls shed their feathers; serpents
shed their skins; trees shed leaves.

4. To cause to flow off without penetrating; as, a tight roof, or
covering of oiled cloth, sheeds water.

5. To sprinkle; to intersperse; to cover. [R.] "Her hair . . . is
shed with gray." B. Jonson.

6. (Weaving)

Defn: To divide, as the warp threads, so as to form a shed, or
passageway, for the shuttle.

SHED
Shed, v. i.

1. To fall in drops; to pour. [Obs.]
Such a rain down from the welkin shadde. Chaucer.

2. To let fall the parts, as seeds or fruit; to throw off a covering
or envelope.
White oats are apt to shed most as they lie, and black as they stand.
Mortimer.

SHED
Shed, n.

1. A parting; a separation; a division. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.]
They say also that the manner of making the shed of newwedded wives'
hair with the iron head of a javelin came up then likewise. Sir T.
North.

2. The act of shedding or spilling; -- used only in composition, as
in bloodshed.

3. That which parts, divides, or sheds; -- used in composition, as in
watershed.

4. (Weaving)

Defn: The passageway between the threads of the warp through which
the shuttle is thrown, having a sloping top and bottom made by
raising and lowering the alternate threads.

SHEDDER
Shed"der, n.

1. One who, or that which, sheds; as, a shedder of blood; a shedder
of tears.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A crab in the act of casting its shell, or immediately
afterwards while still soft; -- applied especially to the edible
crabs, which are most prized while in this state.

SHEDDING
Shed"ding, n.

1. The act of shedding, separating, or casting off or out; as, the
shedding of blood.

2. That which is shed, or cast off. [R.] Wordsworth.

SHEELFA; SHILFA
Sheel"fa, Shil"fa, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chaffinch; -- so named from its call note. [Prov. Eng.]

SHEELING
Sheel"ing, n. Etym: [Icel. skj a shelter, a cover; akin to Dan. & Sw.
skjul.]

Defn: A hut or small cottage in an expessed or a retired place (as on
a mountain or at the seaside) such as is used by shepherds,
fishermen, sportsmen, etc.; a summer cottage; also, a shed. [Written
also sheel, shealing, sheiling, etc.] [Scot.]

SHEELY
Sheel"y, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Sheelfa.

SHEEN
Sheen, a. Etym: [OE. sehene, AS. sciéne, sc, sc, splendid, beautiful;
akin to OFries. sk, sk, OS. sc, D. schoon, G. schön, OHG. sc, Goth,
skanus, and E. shew; the original meaning being probably, visible,
worth seeing. It is not akin to E. shine. See Shew, v. t.]

Defn: Bright; glittering; radiant; fair; showy; sheeny. [R., except
in poetry.]
This holy maiden, that is so bright and sheen. Chaucer.
Up rose each warrier bold and brave, Glistening in filed steel and
armor sheen. Fairfax.

SHEEN
Sheen, v. i.

Defn: To shine; to glisten. [Poetic]
This town, That, sheening far, celestial seems to be. Byron.

SHEEN
Sheen, n.

Defn: Brightness; splendor; glitter. "Throned in celestial sheen."
Milton.

SHEENLY
Sheen""ly, adv.

Defn: Brightly. [R.] Mrs. Browning.

SHEENY
Sheen"y, a.

Defn: Bright; shining; radiant; sheen. "A sheeny summer morn."
Tennyson.

SHEEP
Sheep, n. sing. & pl. Etym: [OE. shep, scheep, AS. sc, sceáp; akin to
OFries. sk, LG. & D. schaap, G. schaf, OHG. scaf, Skr. chaga. sq.
root295. Cf. Sheepherd.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of ruminants of the genus Ovis,
native of the higher mountains of both hemispheres, but most numerous
in Asia.

Note: The domestic sheep (Ovis aries) varies much in size, in the
length and texture of its wool, the form and size of its horns, the
length of its tail, etc. It was domesticated in prehistoric ages, and
many distinct breeds have been produced; as the merinos, celebrated
for their fine wool; the Cretan sheep, noted for their long horns;
the fat-tailed, or Turkish, sheep, remarkable for the size and
fatness of the tail, which often has to be supported on trucks; the
Southdowns, in which the horns are lacking; and an Asiatic breed
which always has four horns.

2. A weak, bashful, silly fellow. Ainsworth.

3. pl.

Defn: Fig.: The people of God, as being under the government and
protection of Christ, the great Shepherd. Rocky mountain
sheep.(Zoöl.) See Bighorn.
 -- Maned sheep. (Zoöl.) See Aoudad.
 -- Sheep bot (Zoöl.), the larva of the sheep botfly. See Estrus.
 -- Sheep dog (Zoöl.), a shepherd dog, or collie.
 -- Sheep laurel (Bot.), a small North American shrub (Kalmia
angustifolia) with deep rose-colored flowers in corymbs.
 -- Sheep pest (Bot.), an Australian plant (Acæna ovina) related to
the burnet. The fruit is covered with barbed spines, by which it
adheres to the wool of sheep.
 -- Sheep run, an extensive tract of country where sheep range and
graze.
 -- Sheep's beard (Bot.), a cichoraceous herb (Urospermum
Dalechampii) of Southern Europe; -- so called from the conspicuous
pappus of the achenes.
 -- Sheep's bit (Bot.), a European herb (Jasione montana) having much
the appearance of scabious.
 -- Sheep pox (Med.), a contagious disease of sheep, characterixed by
the development of vesicles or pocks upon the skin.
 -- Sheep scabious. (Bot.) Same as Sheep's bit.
 -- Sheep shears, shears in which the blades form the two ends of a
steel bow, by the elasticity of which they open as often as pressed
together by the hand in cutting; -- so called because used to cut off
the wool of sheep.
 -- Sheep sorrel. (Bot.), a prerennial herb (Rumex Acetosella)
growing naturally on poor, dry, gravelly soil. Its leaves have a
pleasant acid taste like sorrel.
 -- Sheep's-wool (Zoöl.), the highest grade of Florida commercial
sponges (Spongia equina, variety gossypina).
 -- Sheep tick (Zoöl.), a wingless parasitic insect (Melophagus
ovinus) belonging to the Diptera. It fixes its proboscis in the skin
of the sheep and sucks the blood, leaving a swelling. Called also
sheep pest, and sheep louse.
 -- Sheep walk, a pasture for sheep; a sheep run.
 -- Wild sheep. (Zoöl.) See Argali, Mouflon, and Oörial.

SHEEPBACK
Sheep"back`, n. (Geol.)

Defn: A rounded knoll of rock resembling the back of a sheep.
 -- produced by glacial action. Called also roche moutonnée; --
usually in the plural.

SHEEPBERRY
Sheep"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The edible fruit of a small North American tree of the genus
Viburnum (V. Lentago), having white flowers in flat cymes; also, the
tree itself. Called also nannyberry.

SHEEPBITE
Sheep"bite`, v. i.

Defn: To bite or nibble like a sheep; hence, to practice petty
thefts. [Obs.] Shak.

SHEEPBITER
Sheep"bit`er, n.

Defn: One who practices petty thefts. [Obs.] Shak.
There are political sheepbiters as well as pastoral; betrayers of
public trusts as well as of private. L'Estrange.

SHEEPCOT; SHEEPCOTE
Sheep"cot`, Sheep"cote`, n.

Defn: A small inclosure for sheep; a pen; a fold.

SHEEP-FACED
Sheep"-faced`, a.

Defn: Over-bashful; sheepish.

SHEEPFOLD
Sheep"fold`, n.

Defn: A fold or pen for sheep; a place where sheep are collected or
confined.

SHEEP-HEADED
Sheep"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Silly; simple-minded; stupid. Taylor (1630)

SHEEPHOOK
Sheep"hook`, n.

Defn: A hook fastened to pole, by which shepherds lay hold on the
legs or necks of their sheep; a shepherd's crook. Dryden.

SHEEPISH
Sheep"ish, a.

1. Of or pertaining to sheep. [Obs.]

2. Like a sheep; bashful; over-modest; meanly or foolishly diffident;
timorous to excess.
Wanting change of company, he will, when he comes abroad, be a
sheepish or conceited creature. Locke.
-- Sheep"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Sheep"ish*ness, n.

SHEEPMASTER
Sheep"mas`ter, n.

Defn: A keeper or feeder of sheep; also, an owner of sheep. 2 Kings
iii. 4.

SHEEPRACK
Sheep"rack`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The starling.

SHEEP'S-EYE
Sheep's"-eye`, n.

Defn: A modest, diffident look; a loving glance; -- commonly in the
plural.
I saw her just now give him the languishing eye, as they call it; . .
. of old called the sheep's-eye. Wycherley.

SHEEP'S-FOOT
Sheep's-foot`, n.

Defn: A printer's tool consisting of a metal bar formed into a hammer
head at one end and a claw at the other, -- used as a lever and
hammer.

SHEEPSHANK
Sheep"shank`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A hitch by which a rope may be temporarily shortened.

SHEEPSHEAD
Sheeps"head` (, n. Etym: [So called because of the fancied
resemblance of its head and front teeth to those of a sheep.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large and valuable sparoid food fish (Archosargus, or
Diplodus, probatocephalus) found on the Atlantic coast of the United
States. It often weighs from ten to twelve pounds.

Note: The name is also locally, in a loose way, applied to various
other fishes, as the butterfish, the fresh-water drumfish, the parrot
fish, the porgy, and the moonfish.

SHEEP-SHEARER
Sheep"-shear`er, n.

Defn: One who shears, or cuts off the wool from, sheep.

SHEEP-SHEARING
Sheep"-shear`ing, n.

1. Act of shearing sheep.

2. A feast at the time of sheep-shearing. Shak.

SHEEPSKIN
Sheep"skin`, n.

1. The skin of a sheep; or, leather prepared from it.

2. A diploma; -- so called because usually written or printed on
parchment prepared from the skin of the sheep. [College Cant]

SHEEPSPLIT
Sheep"split`, n.

Defn: A split of a sheepskin; one of the thin sections made by
splitting a sheepskin with a cutting knife or machine.

SHEEPY
Sheep"y, a.

Defn: Resembling sheep; sheepish. Testament of Love.

SHEER
Sheer, a. Etym: [OE. shere, skere, pure, bright, Icel. sk; akin to
skirr, AS. scir, OS. skiri, MHG. schir, G. schier, Dan. sk, Sw. skär,
Goth. skeirs clear, and E. shine. sq. root157. See Shine, v. i.]

1. Bright; clear; pure; unmixed. "Sheer ale." Shak.
Thou sheer, immaculate, and silver fountain. Shak.

2. Very thin or transparent; -- applied to fabrics; as, sheer muslin.

3. Being only what it seems to be; obvious; simple; mere; downright;
as, sheer folly; sheer nonsense. "A sheer impossibility." De Quincey.
It is not a sheer advantage to have several strings to one's bow. M.
Arnold.

4. Stright up and down; vertical; prpendicular.
A sheer precipice of a thousand feet. J. D. Hooker.
It was at least Nine roods of sheer ascent. Wordsworth.

SHEER
Sheer, adv.

Defn: Clean; quite; at once. [Obs.] Milton.

SHEER
Sheer, v. t. Etym: [See Shear.]

Defn: To shear. [Obs.] Dryden.

SHEER
Sheer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sheered; p. pr. & vb. n. Sheering.] Etym:
[D. sheren to shear, cut, withdraw, warp. See Shear.]

Defn: To decline or deviate from the line of the proper course; to
turn aside; to swerve; as, a ship sheers from her course; a horse
sheers at a bicycle. To sheer off, to turn or move aside to a
distance; to move away.
 -- To sheer up, to approach obliquely.

SHEER
Sheer, n.

1. (Naut.)
(a) The longitudinal upward curvature of the deck, gunwale, and lines
of a vessel, as when viewed from the side.
(b) The position of a vessel riding at single anchor and swinging
clear of it.

2. A turn or change in a course.
Give the canoe a sheer and get nearer to the shore. Cooper.

3. pl.

Defn: Shears See Shear. Sheer batten (Shipbuilding), a long strip of
wood to guide the carpenters in following the sheer plan.
 -- Sheer boom, a boom slanting across a stream to direct floating
logs to one side.
 -- Sheer hulk. See Shear hulk, under Hulk.
 -- Sheer plan, or Sheer draught (Shipbuilding), a projection of the
lines of a vessel on a vertical longitudinal plane passing through
the middle line of the vessel.
 -- Sheer pole (Naut.), an iron rod lashed to the shrouds just above
the dead-eyes and parallel to the ratlines.
 -- Sheer strake (Shipbuilding), the strake under the gunwale on the
top side. Totten.
 -- To break sheer (Naut.), to deviate from sheer, and risk fouling
the anchor.

SHEERLY
Sheer"ly, adv.

Defn: At once; absolutely. [Obs.]

SHEERWATER
Sheer"wa`ter, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The shearwater.

SHEET
Sheet, n. Etym: [OE. shete, schete, AS. sc, sc, fr. sceát a
projecting corner, a fold in a garment (akin to D. schoot sheet,
bosom, lap, G. schoss bosom, lap, flap of a coat, Icel. skaut, Goth.
skauts the hem of a garment); originally, that which shoots out, from
the root of AS. sceótan to shoot. sq. root159. See Shoot, v. t.]

Defn: In general, a large, broad piece of anything thin, as paper,
cloth, etc.; a broad, thin portion of any substance; an expanded
superficies. Specifically:
(a) A broad piece of cloth, usually linen or cotton, used for
wrapping the body or for a covering; especially, one used as an
article of bedding next to the body.
He fell into a trance, and saw heaven opened, and a certain vessel
descending unto him, as it had been a great sheet knit at the four
corners. Acts x. 10, 11.
If I do die before thee, prithee, shroud me In one of those same
sheets. Shak.

(b) A broad piece of paper, whether folded or unfolded, whether blank
or written or printed upon; hence, a letter; a newspaper, etc.
(c) A single signature of a book or a pamphlet; in pl., the book
itself.
To this the following sheets are intended for a full and distinct
answer. Waterland.

(d) A broad, thinly expanded portion of metal or other substance; as,
a sheet of copper, of glass, or the like; a plate; a leaf.
(e) A broad expanse of water, or the like. "The two beautiful sheets
of water." Macaulay.
(f) A sail. Dryden.
(g) (Geol.) An extensive bed of an eruptive rock intruded between, or
overlying, other strata.

2. Etym: [AS. sceáta. See the Etymology above.] (Naut.)
(a) A rope or chain which regulates the angle of adjustment of a sail
in relation in relation to the wind; -- usually attached to the lower
corner of a sail, or to a yard or a boom. (b) pl.

Defn: The space in the forward or the after part of a boat where
there are no rowers; as, fore sheets; stern sheets.

Note: Sheet is often used adjectively, or in combination, to denote
that the substance to the name of which it is prefixed is in the form
of sheets, or thin plates or leaves; as, sheet brass, or sheet-brass;
sheet glass, or sheet-glass; sheet gold, or sheet-gold; sheet iron,
or sheet-iron, etc. A sheet in the wind, half drunk. [Sailors' Slang]
-- Both sheets in the wind, very drunk. [Sailors' Slang] -- In
sheets, lying flat or expanded; not folded, or folded but not bound;
-- said especially of printed sheets.
 -- Sheet bend (Naut.), a bend or hitch used for temporarily
fastening a rope to the bight of another rope or to an eye.
 -- Sheet lightning, Sheet piling, etc. See under Lightning, Piling,
etc.

SHEET
Sheet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sheeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sheeting.]

1. To furnish with a sheet or sheets; to wrap in, or cover with, a
sheet, or as with a sheet. "The sheeted dead." "When snow the pasture
sheets." Shak.

2. To expand, as a sheet.
The star shot flew from the welkin blue, As it fell from the sheeted
sky. J. R. Drake.
To sheet home (Naut.), to haul upon a sheet until the sail is as
flat, and the clew as near the wind, as possible.

SHEET ANCHOR
Sheet" an"chor. Etym: [OE. scheten to shoot, AS. sceótan; cf. OE.
shoot anchor. See Shoot, v. t.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A large anchor stowed on shores outside the waist of a vessel;
-- called also waist anchor. See the Note under Anchor.

2. Anything regarded as a sure support or dependence in danger; the
best hope or refuge.

SHEET CABLE
Sheet" ca"ble. (Naut.)

Defn: The cable belonging to the sheet anchor.

SHEET CHAIN
Sheet" chain". (Naut.)

Defn: A chain sheet cable.

SHEETFUL
Sheet"ful, n.; pl. Sheetfuls (.

Defn: Enough to fill a sheet; as much as a sheet can hold.

SHEETING
Sheet"ing, n.

1. Cotton or linen cloth suitable for bed sheets. It is sometimes
made of double width.

2. (Hydraul. Engin.)

Defn: A lining of planks or boards (rarely of metal) for protecting
an embankment.

3. The act or process of forming into sheets, or flat pieces; also,
material made into sheets.

SHEIK
Sheik, n. Etym: [Ar. sheikh, shaykh, a venerable old man, a chief,
fr. shakha to grow or be old.]

Defn: The head of an Arab family, or of a clan or a tribe; also, the
chief magistrate of an Arab village. The name is also applied to
Mohammedan ecclesiastics of a high grade. [Written also scheik,
shaik, sheikh.]

SHEIL; SHEILING
Sheil, Sheil"ing, n.

Defn: See Sheeling.

SHEKEL
Shek"el, n. Etym: [Heb. shegel, fr. shagal to weigh.]

1. An ancient weight and coin used by the Jews and by other nations
of the same stock.

Note: A common estimate makes the shekel equal in weight to about 130
grains for gold, 224 grains for silver, and 450 grains for copper,
and the approximate values of the coins are (gold) $5.00, (silver) 60
cents, and (copper half shekel), one and one half cents.

2. pl.

Defn: A jocose term for money.

SHEKINAH
She*ki"nah, n. Etym: [Heb Talmud shekinah, fr. shakan to inhabit.]

Defn: The visible majesty of the Divine Presence, especially when
resting or dwelling between the cherubim on the mercy seat, in the
Tabernacle, or in the Temple of Solomon; -- a term used in the
Targums and by the later Jews, and adopted by Christians. [Written
also Shechinah.] Dr. W. Smith (Bib. Dict.)

SHELD
Sheld, a. Etym: [OE., fr. sheld a shield, probably in allusion to the
ornamentation of shields. See Shield.]

Defn: Variegated; spotted; speckled; piebald. [Prov. Eng.]

SHELDAFLE; SHELDAPLE
Sheld"a*fle, Sheld"a*ple, n. Etym: [Perhaps for sheld dapple. Cf.
Sheldrake.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A chaffinch. [Written also sheldapple, and shellapple.]

SHELDFOWL
Sheld"fowl`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common sheldrake. [Prov. Eng.]

SHELDRAKE
Shel"drake`, n. Etym: [Sheld + drake.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large Old World ducks of the
genus Tadorna and allied genera, especially the European and Asiatic
species. (T. cornuta, or tadorna), which somewhat resembles a goose
in form and habit, but breeds in burrows.

Note: It has the head and neck greenish black, the breast, sides, and
forward part of the back brown, the shoulders and middle of belly
black, the speculum green, and the bill and frontal bright red.
Called also shelduck, shellduck, sheldfowl, skeelduck, bergander,
burrow duck, and links goose.

Note: The Australian sheldrake (Tadorna radja) has the head, neck,
breast, flanks, and wing coverts white, the upper part of the back
and a band on the breast deep chestnut, and the back and tail black.
The chestnut sheldrake of Australia (Casarca tadornoides) is varied
with black and chestnut, and has a dark green head and neck. The
ruddy sheldrake, or Braminy duck (C. rutila), and the white-winged
sheldrake (C. leucoptera), are related Asiatic species.

2. Any one of the American mergansers.

Note: The name is also loosely applied to other ducks, as the
canvasback, and the shoveler.

SHELDUCK
Shel"duck`, n. Etym: [Sheld variegated + duck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sheldrake. [Written also shellduck.]

SHELF
Shelf, n.; pl. Shelves. Etym: [OE. shelfe, schelfe, AS. scylfe; akin
to G. schelfe, Icel. skjalf. In senses 2 & 3, perhaps a different
word (cf. Shelve, v. i.).]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A flat tablet or ledge of any material set horizontally at a
distance from the floor, to hold objects of use or ornament.

2. A sand bank in the sea, or a rock, or ledge of rocks, rendering
the water shallow, and dangerous to ships.
On the tawny sands and shelves. Milton.
On the secret shelves with fury cast. Dryden.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A stratum lying in a very even manner; a flat, projecting layer
of rock.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of timber running the whole length of a vessel inside
the timberheads. D. Kemp. To lay on the shelf, to lay aside as
unnecessary or useless; to dismiss; to discard.

SHELFY
Shelf"y, a.

1. Abounding in shelves; full of dangerous shallows. "A shelfy
coast." Dryden.

2. Full of strata of rock. [Obs.]
The tillable fields are in some places . . . so shelfy that the corn
hath much ado to fasten its root. Carew.

SHELL
Shell, n. Etym: [OE. shelle, schelle, AS. scell, scyll; akin to D.
shel, Icel. skel, Goth. skalja a tile, and E. skill. Cf. Scale of
fishes, Shale, Skill.]

1. A hard outside covering, as of a fruit or an animal. Specifically:
(a) The covering, or outside part, of a nut; as, a hazelnut shell.
(b) A pod.
(c) The hard covering of an egg.
Think him as a serpent's egg, . . . And kill him in the shell. Shak.
(d) (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hard calcareous or chitinous external covering of mollusks,
crustaceans, and some other invertebrates. In some mollusks, as the
cuttlefishes, it is internal, or concealed by the mantle. Also, the
hard covering of some vertebrates, as the armadillo, the tortoise,
and the like.
(e) (Zoöl.) Hence, by extension, any mollusks having such a covering.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A hollow projectile, of various shapes, adapted for a mortar or
a cannon, and containing an explosive substance, ignited with a fuse
or by percussion, by means of which the projectile is burst and its
fragments scattered. See Bomb.

3. The case which holds the powder, or charge of powder and shot,
used with breechloading small arms.

4. Any slight hollow structure; a framework, or exterior structure,
regarded as not complete or filled in; as, the shell of a house.

5. A coarse kind of coffin; also, a thin interior coffin inclosed in
a more substantial one. Knight.

6. An instrument of music, as a lyre, -- the first lyre having been
made, it is said, by drawing strings over a tortoise shell.
When Jubal struck the chorded shell. Dryden.

7. An engraved copper roller used in print works.

8. pl.

Defn: The husks of cacao seeds, a decoction of which is often used as
a substitute for chocolate, cocoa, etc.

9. (Naut.)

Defn: The outer frame or case of a block within which the sheaves
revolve.

10. A light boat the frame of which is covered with thin wood or with
paper; as, a racing shell. Message shell, a bombshell inside of which
papers may be put, in order to convey messages.
 -- Shell bit, a tool shaped like a gouge, used with a brace in
boring wood. See Bit, n., 3.
 -- Shell button. (a) A button made of shell. (b) A hollow button
made of two pieces, as of metal, one for the front and the other for
the back, -- often covered with cloth, silk, etc.
 -- Shell cameo, a cameo cut in shell instead of stone.
 -- Shell flower. (Bot.) Same as Turtlehead.
 -- Shell gland. (Zoöl.) (a) A glandular organ in which the
rudimentary shell is formed in embryonic mollusks. (b) A glandular
organ which secretes the eggshells of various worms, crustacea,
mollusks, etc.
 -- Shell gun, a cannon suitable for throwing shells.
 -- Shell ibis (Zoöl.), the openbill of India.
 -- Shell jacket, an undress military jacket.
 -- Shell lime, lime made by burning the shells of shellfish.
 -- Shell marl (Min.), a kind of marl characterized by an abundance
of shells, or fragments of shells.
 -- Shell meat, food consisting of shellfish, or testaceous mollusks.
Fuller.
 -- Shell mound. See under Mound.
 -- Shell of a boiler, the exterior of a steam boiler, forming a case
to contain the water and steam, often inclosing also flues and the
furnace; the barrel of a cylindrical, or locomotive, boiler.
 -- Shell road, a road of which the surface or bed is made of shells,
as oyster shells.
 -- Shell sand, minute fragments of shells constituting a
considerable part of the seabeach in some places.

SHELL
Shell, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Shelling.]

1. To strip or break off the shell of; to take out of the shell, pod,
etc.; as, to shell nuts or pease; to shell oysters.

2. To separate the kernels of (an ear of Indian corn, wheat, oats,
etc.) from the cob, ear, or husk.

3. To throw shells or bombs upon or into; to bombard; as, to shell a
town. To shell out, to distribute freely; to bring out or pay, as
money. [Colloq.]

SHELL
Shell, v. i.

1. To fall off, as a shell, crust, etc.

2. To cast the shell, or exterior covering; to fall out of the pod or
husk; as, nuts shell in falling.

3. To be disengaged from the ear or husk; as, wheat or rye shells in
reaping.

SHELLAC; SHELL-LAC
Shel"lac`, Shell"-lac`, n. Etym: [Shell + lac a resinous substance;
cf. D. shellak, G. schellack.]

Defn: See the Note under 2d Lac.

SHELLAPPLE
Shell"ap`ple, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Sheldafle.

SHELLBARK
Shell"bark`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of hickory (Carya alba) whose outer bark is loose and
peeling; a shagbark; also, its nut.

SHELLED
Shelled, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a shell.

SHELLER
Shell"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, shells; as, an oyster sheller; a corn
sheller.

SHELLFISH
Shell"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any aquatic animal whose external covering consists of a shell,
either testaceous, as in oysters, clams, and other mollusks, or
crustaceous, as in lobsters and crabs.

SHELLING
Shell"ing, n.

Defn: Groats; hulled oats. Simmonds.

SHELL-LESS
Shell"-less

Defn: , a. Having no shell. J. Burroughs.

SHELLPROOF
Shell"proof`, a.

Defn: Capable of resisting bombs or other shells; bombproof.

SHELLWORK
Shell"work`, n.

Defn: Work composed of shells, or adorned with them. Cotgrave.

SHELLY
Shell"y, a.

Defn: Abounding with shells; consisting of shells, or of a shell.
"The shelly shore." Prior.
Shrinks backward in his shelly cave. Shak.

SHELTER
Shel"ter, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. scheltrun, shiltroun, schelltrome,
scheldtrome, a guard, squadron, AS. scildtruma a troop of men with
shields; scild shield + truma a band of men. See Shield, n.]

1. That which covers or defends from injury or annoyance; a
protection; a screen.
The sick and weak the healing plant shall aid, From storms a shelter,
and from heat a shade. Pope.

2. One who protects; a guardian; a defender.
Thou [God] hast been a shelter for me. Ps. lxi. 3.

3. The state of being covered and protected; protection; security.
Who into shelter takes their tender bloom. Young.
Shelter tent,a small tent made of pieces of cotton duck arranged to
button together. In field service the soldiers carry the pieces.

Syn.
 -- Asylum; refuge; retreat; covert; sanctuary; protection; defense;
security.

SHELTER
Shel"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sheltered; p. pr. & vb. n. Sheltering.]

1. To be a shelter for; to provide with a shelter; to cover from
injury or annoyance; to shield; to protect.
Those ruins sheltered once his sacred head. Dryden.
You have no convents . . . in which such persons may be received and
sheltered. Southey.

2. To screen or cover from notice; to disguise.
In vain I strove to cheek my growing flame, Or shelter passion under
friendship's name. Prior.

3. To betake to cover, or to a safe place; -- used reflexively.
They sheltered themselves under a rock. Abp. Abbot.

SHELTER
Shel"ter, v. i.

Defn: To take shelter.
There oft the Indian herdsman, shunning heat, Shelters in cool.
Milton.

SHELTERLESS
Shel"ter*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of shelter or protection.
Now sad and shelterless perhaps she lies. Rowe.

SHELTERY
Shel"ter*y, a.

Defn: Affording shelter. [R.]

SHELTIE; SHELTY
Shel"tie, Shel"ty, n.

Defn: A Shetland pony.

SHELVE
Shelve, v. t.

1. To furnish with shelves; as, to shelve a closet or a library.

2. To place on a shelf. Hence: To lay on the shelf; to put aside; to
dismiss from service; to put off indefinitely; as, to shelve an
officer; to shelve a claim.

SHELVE
Shelve, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shelved; p. pr. & vb. n. Shelving.] Etym:
[Perhapss originally from the same source as shallow, but influenced
by shelf a ledge, a platform.]

Defn: To incline gradually; to be slopping; as, the bottom shelves
from the shore.

SHELVING
Shelv"ing, a.

Defn: Sloping gradually; inclining; as, a shelving shore. Shak.
"Shelving arches." Addison.

SHELVING
Shelv"ing, n.

1. The act of fitting up shelves; as, the job of shelving a closet.

2. The act of laying on a shelf, or on the shelf; putting off or
aside; as, the shelving of a claim.

3. Material for shelves; shelves, collectively.

SHELVY
Shelv"y, a.

Defn: Sloping gradually; shelving.
The shore was shelving and shallow. Shak.

SHEMITE
Shem"ite, n.

Defn: A descendant of Shem.

SHEMITIC; SHEMITISH
Shem*it"ic, Shem"i*tish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Shem, the son of Noah, or his descendants.
See Semitic.

SHEMITISM
Shem"i*tism, n.

Defn: See Semitism.

SHEND
Shend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shent; p. pr. & vb. n. Shending.] Etym:
[AS. scendan to disgrace, bring to shame, from sceand, sceond,
disgrace, dishonor, shame; akin to G. schande, Goth. skanda. See
Shame, n.]

1. To injure, mar, spoil, or harm. [Obs.] "Loss of time shendeth us."
Chaucer.
I fear my body will be shent. Dryden.

2. To blame, reproach, or revile; to degrade, disgrace, or put to
shame. [Archaic] R. Browning.
The famous name of knighthood foully shend. Spenser.
She passed the rest as Cynthia doth shend The lesser stars. Spenser.

SHENDFUL
Shend"ful, a.

Defn: Destructive; ruinous; disgraceful. [Obs.] -- Shend"ful*ly, adv.
[Obs.] Fabyan.

SHENDSHIP
Shend"ship, n.

Defn: Harm; ruin; also, reproach; disgrace. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SHENT
Shent,

Defn: obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Shend, for shendeth. Chaucer.

SHENT
Shent, v. t.

Defn: To shend. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SHEOL
She"ol, n. Etym: [Heb. sh.]

Defn: The place of departed spirits; Hades; also, the grave.
For thou wilt not leave my soul to sheel. Ps. xvi. 10. (Rev. Ver.)

SHEPEN
Shep"en, n.

Defn: A stable; a shippen. [Obs.]
The shepne brenning with the blacke smoke. Chaucer.

SHEPHERD
Shep"herd, n. Etym: [OE. schepherde, schephirde, AS. sceáphyrde;
sceáp sheep + hyrde, hirde, heorde, a herd, a guardian. See Sheep,
and Herd.]

1. A man employed in tending, feeding, and guarding sheep, esp. a
flock grazing at large.

2. The pastor of a church; one with the religious guidance of others.
Shepherd bird (Zoöl.), the crested screamer. See Screamer.
 -- Shepherd dog (Zoöl.), a breed of dogs used largely for the
herding and care of sheep. There are several kinds, as the collie, or
Scotch shepherd dog, and the English shepherd dog. Called also
shepherd's dog.
 -- Shepherd dog, a name of Pan. Keats.
 -- Shepherd kings, the chiefs of a nomadic people who invaded Egypt
from the East in the traditional period, and conquered it, at least
in part. They were expelled after about five hundred years, and
attempts have been made to connect their expulsion with narrative in
the book of Exodus.
 -- Shepherd's club (Bot.), the common mullein. See Mullein.
 -- Shepherd's crook, a long staff having the end curved so as to
form a large hook, -- used by shepherds.
 -- Shepherd's needle (Bot.), the lady's comb.
 -- Shepherd's plaid, a kind of woolen cloth of a checkered black and
white pattern.
 -- Shephered spider (Zoöl.), a daddy longlegs, or harvestman.
 -- Shepherd's pouch, or Shepherd's purse (Bot.), an annual
cruciferous plant (Capsella Bursapastoris) bearing small white
flowers and pouchlike pods. See Illust. of Silicle.
 -- Shepherd's rod, or Shepherd's staff (Bot.), the small teasel.

SHEPHERD
Shep"herd, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shepherded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shepherding.]

Defn: To tend as a shepherd; to guard, herd, lead, or drive, as a
shepherd. [Poetic]
White, fleecy clouds . . .
Shepherded by the slow, unwilling wind. Shelley.

SHEPHERDESS
Shep"herd*ess, n.

Defn: A woman who tends sheep; hence, a rural lass.
She put herself into the garb of a shepherdess. Sir P. Sidney.

SHEPHERDIA
Shep*her"di*a, n.; pl. Shepherdias. Etym: [NL. So called from John
Shepherd, an English botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs having silvery scurfy leaves, and belonging
to the same family as Elæagnus; also, any plant of this genus. See
Buffalo berry, under Buffalo.

SHEPHERDISH
Shep"herd*ish, n.

Defn: Resembling a shepherd; suiting a shepherd; pastoral. Sir T.
Sidney.

SHEPHERDISM
Shep"herd*ism, n.

Defn: Pastoral life or occupation.

SHEPHERDLING
Shep"herd*ling, n.

Defn: A little shepherd.

SHEPHERDLY
Shep"herd*ly, a.

Defn: Resembling, or becoming to, a shepherd; pastoral; rustic. [R.]
Jer. Taylor.

SHEPSTER
Shep"ster, n.

Defn: A seamstress. [Obs.] Caxton.

SHERARDIZE
Sher"ard*ize, v. t. [From Sherard Cowper-Coles, the inventor.]
(Metal.)

Defn: To subject to the process of vapor galvanizing (which see,
below).

SHERBET
Sher"bet, n. Etym: [Ar. sherbet, shorbet, sharbat, properly, one
drink or sip, a draught, beverage, from shariba to drink. Cf. Sorbet,
Sirup, Shrub a drink.]

1. A refreshing drink, common in the East, made of the juice of some
fruit, diluted, sweetened, and flavored in various ways; as, orange
sherbet; lemon sherbet; raspberry sherbet, etc.

2. A flavored water ice.

3. A preparation of bicarbonate of soda, tartaric acid, sugar, etc.,
variously flavored, for making an effervescing drink; -- called also
sherbet powder.

SHERD
Sherd, n.

Defn: A fragment; -- now used only in composition, as in potsherd.
See Shard.
The thigh . . . which all in sherds it drove. Chapman.

SHEREEF; SHERIF
Sher"eef, Sher"if, n. Etym: [Ar. sherif noble, holy, n., a prince.]

Defn: A member of an Arab princely family descended from Mohammed
through his son-in-law Ali and daughter Fatima. The Grand Shereef is
the governor of Mecca.

SHERIAT
Sher"i*at, n. Etym: [Turk. sheri 'at]

Defn: The sacred law of the Turkish empire.

SHERIFF
Sher"iff, n. Etym: [OE. shereve, AS. scir-ger; scir a shire + ger a
reeve. See Shire, and Reeve, and cf. Shrievalty.]

Defn: The chief officer of a shire or county, to whom is intrusted
the execution of the laws, the serving of judicial writs and
processes, and the preservation of the peace.

Note: In England, sheriffs are appointed by the king. In the United
States, sheriffs are elected by the legislature or by the citizens,
or appointed and commissioned by the executive of the State. The
office of sheriff in England is judicial and ministerial. In the
United States, it is mainly ministerial. The sheriff, by himself or
his deputies, executes civil and criminal process throughout the
county, has charge of the jail and prisoners, attends courts, and
keeps the peace. His judicial authority is generally confined to
ascertaining damages on writs of inquiry and the like. Sheriff, in
Scotland, called sheriff depute, is properly a judge, having also
certain ministerial powers. Sheriff clerk is the clerk of the
Sheriff's Court in Scotland. Sheriff's Court in London is a tribunal
having cognizance of certain personal actions in that city. Wharton,
Tomlins. Erskine.

SHERIFFALTY; SHERIFFDOM; SHERIFFRY; SHERIFFSHIP; SHERIFFWICK
Sher"iff*al*ty, Sher"iff*dom, Sher"iff*ry, Sher"iff*ship,
Sher"iff*wick, n.

Defn: The office or jurisdiction of sheriff. See Shrievalty.

SHERN
Shern, n.

Defn: See Shearn. [Obs.]

SHERRIS
Sher"ris, n.

Defn: Sherry. [Obs.] Shak.

SHERRY
Sher"ry, n. Etym: [So called from Xeres, a Spanish town near Cadiz, x
in Spanish having been formerly pronounced like sh in English.]

Defn: A Spanish light-colored dry wine, made in Andalusia. As
prepared for commerce it is colored a straw color or a deep amber by
mixing with it cheap wine boiled down. Sherry cobbler, a beverage
prepared with sherry wine, water, lemon or orange, sugar, ice, etc.,
and usually imbided through a straw or a glass tube.

SHERRYVALLIES
Sher"ry*val`lies, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. Sp. zaraquelles wide breeches or
overalls.]

Defn: Trousers or overalls of thick cloth or leather, buttoned on the
outside of each leg, and generally worn to protect other trousers
when riding on horseback. [Local, U.S.] Bartlett.

SHET
Shet, v. t. & i. [imp. Shet. (Obs. Shette (); p. pr. Shet; p. pr. &
vb. n. Shetting.]

Defn: To shut. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer.

SHETE
Shete, v. t. & i.

Defn: To shoot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SHETH
Sheth, n.

Defn: The part of a plow which projects downward beneath the beam,
for holding the share and other working parts; -- also called
standard, or post.

SHETLAND PONY
Shet"land po"ny.

Defn: One of a small, hardy breed of horses, with long mane and tail,
which originated in the Shetland Islands; a sheltie.

SHEW
Shew, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Show.

SHEW
Shew, n.

Defn: Show. [Obs. except in shewbread.]

SHEWBREAD
Shew"bread`.

Defn: See Showbread.

SHEWEL
Shew"el, n.

Defn: A scarecrow. [Obs.] Trench.

SHEWER
Shew"er, n.

Defn: One who shews. See Shower.

SHEWN
Shewn,

Defn: p. p. of Shew.

SHIAH
Shi"ah, n.

Defn: Same as Shiite.

SHIBBOLETH
Shib"bo*leth, n. Etym: [Heb. shibboleth an ear of corn, or a stream,
a flood.]

1. A word which was made the criterion by which to distinguish the
Ephraimites from the Gileadites. The Ephraimites, not being able to
pronounce sh, called the word sibboleth. See Judges xii.
Without reprieve, adjudged to death, For want of well pronouncing
shibboleth. Milton.

Defn: Also in an extended sense.
The th, with its twofold value, is . . . the shibboleth of
foreigners. Earle.

2. Hence, the criterion, test, or watchword of a party; a party cry
or pet phrase.

SHICER
Shi"cer (shi"ser), n. [Prob. fr. G. scheisser one who dungs.]
(Mining)

Defn: An unproductive mine; a duffer. [Australia]

SHIDE
Shide, n. Etym: [OE. shide, schide, AS. scide; akin to OHG. scit, G.
scheit, Icel. ski, and E. shed, v.t.]

Defn: A thin board; a billet of wood; a splinter. [Prov. Eng.]

SHIE
Shie, v. t.

Defn: See Shy, to throw.

SHIED
Shied,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Shy.

SHIEL
Shiel, n.

Defn: A sheeling. [Scot.] Burns.

SHIELD
Shield, n. Etym: [OE. sheld, scheld, AS. scield, scild, sceld, scyld;
akin to OS. scild, OFries. skeld, D. & G. schild, OHG. scilt, Icel.
skjöldr, Sw. sköld, Dan. skiold, Goth. skildus; of uncertain origin.
Cf. Sheldrake.]

1. A broad piece of defensive armor, carried on the arm, -- formerly
in general use in war, for the protection of the body. See Buckler.
Now put your shields before your hearts and fight, With hearts more
proof than shields. Shak.

2. Anything which protects or defends; defense; shelter; protection.
"My council is my shield." Shak.

3. Figuratively, one who protects or defends.
Fear not, Abram; I am thy shield, and thy exceeding great reward.
Gen. xv. 1.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: In lichens, a Hardened cup or disk surrounded by a rim and
containing the fructification, or asci.

5. (Her.)

Defn: The escutcheon or field on which are placed the bearings in
coats of arms. Cf. Lozenge. See Illust. of Escutcheon.

6. (Mining & Tunneling)

Defn: A framework used to protect workmen in making an adit under
ground, and capable of being pushed along as excavation progresses.

7. A spot resembling, or having the form of, a shield. "Bespotted as
with shields of red and black." Spenser.

8. A coin, the old French crown, or écu, having on one side the
figure of a shield. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shield fern (Bot.), any fern of
the genus Aspidium, in which the fructifications are covered with
shield-shaped indusia; -- called also wood fern. See Illust. of
Indusium.

SHIELD
Shield, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shielded; p. pr. & vb. n. Shielding.]
Etym: [AS. scidan, scyldan. See Shield, n.]

1. To cover with, or as with, a shield; to cover from danger; to
defend; to protect from assault or injury.
Shouts of applause ran ringing through the field, To see the son the
vanquished father shield. Dryden.
A woman's shape doth shield thee. Shak.

2. To ward off; to keep off or out.
They brought with them their usual weeds, fit to shield the cold to
which they had been inured. Spenser.

3. To avert, as a misfortune; hence, as a supplicatory exclamation,
forbid! [Obs.]
God shield that it should so befall. Chaucer.
God shield I should disturb devotion! Shak.

SHIELD-BEARER
Shield"-bear`er, n.

1. One who, or that which, carries a shield.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small moth of the genus Aspidisca, whose larva makes a
shieldlike covering for itself out of bits of leaves.

SHIELDDRAKE
Shield"drake`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sheldrake.

SHIELDLESS
Shield"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a shield, or of protection.
 -- Shield"less*ly, adv.
 -- Shield"less*ness, n.

SHIELDTAIL
Shield"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of small burrowing snakes of the family Uropeltidæ,
native of Ceylon and Southern Asia. They have a small mouth which can
not be dilated.

SHIELING
Shiel"ing, n.

Defn: A hut or shelter for shepherds of fishers. See Sheeling.
[Scot.]

SHIFT
Shift, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Shifting.] Etym:
[OE. shiften, schiften, to divide, change, remove. AS. sciftan to
divide; akin to LG. & D. schiften to divide, distinguish, part Icel.
skipta to divide, to part, to shift, to change, Dan skifte, Sw.
skifta, and probably to Icel. skifa to cut into slices, as n., a
slice, and to E. shive, sheave, n., shiver, n.]

1. To divide; to distribute; to apportion. [Obs.]
To which God of his bounty would shift Crowns two of flowers well
smelling. Chaucer.

2. To change the place of; to move or remove from one place to
another; as, to shift a burden from one shoulder to another; to shift
the blame.
Hastily he schifte him[self]. Piers Plowman.
Pare saffron between the two St. Mary's days, Or set or go shift it
that knowest the ways. Tusser.

3. To change the position of; to alter the bearings of; to turn; as,
to shift the helm or sails.
Carrying the oar loose, [they] shift it hither and thither at
pleasure. Sir W. Raleigh.

4. To exchange for another of the same class; to remove and to put
some similar thing in its place; to change; as, to shift the clothes;
to shift the scenes.
I would advise you to shift a shirt. Shak.

5. To change the clothing of; -- used reflexively. [Obs.]
As it were to ride day and night; and . . . not to have patience to
shift me. Shak.

6. To put off or out of the way by some expedient. "I shifted him
away." Shak. To shift off, to delay; to defer; to put off; to lay
aside.
 -- To shift the scene, to change the locality or the surroundings,
as in a play or a story.
Shift the scene for half an hour; Time and place are in thy power.
Swift.

SHIFT
Shift, v. i.

1. To divide; to distribute. [Obs.]
Some this, some that, as that him liketh shift. Chaucer.

2. To make a change or changes; to change position; to move; to veer;
to substitute one thing for another; -- used in the various senses of
the transitive verb.
The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slippered pantaloon. Shak.
Here the Baillie shifted and fidgeted about in his seat. Sir W.
Scott.

3. To resort to expedients for accomplishing a purpose; to contrive;
to manage.
Men in distress will look to themselves, and leave their companions
to schift as well as they can. L'Estrange.

4. To practice indirect or evasive methods.
All those schoolmen, though they were exceeding witty, yet better
teach all their followers to shift, than to resolve by their
distinctions. Sir W. Raleigh.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: To slip to one side of a ship, so as to destroy the equilibrum;
-- said of ballast or cargo; as, the cargo shifted.

SHIFT
Shift, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel skipti. See Shift, v. t.]

1. The act of shifting. Specifically:
(a) The act of putting one thing in the place of another, or of
changing the place of a thing; change; substitution.
My going to Oxford was not merely for shift of air. Sir H. Wotton.
(b) A turning from one thing to another; hence, an expedient tried in
difficalty; often, an evasion; a trick; a fraud. "Reduced to pitiable
shifts." Macaulay.
I 'll find a thousand shifts to get away. Shak.
Little souls on little shifts rely. Dryden.

2. Something frequently shifted; especially, a woman's under-garment;
a chemise.

3. The change of one set of workmen for another; hence, a spell, or
turn, of work; also, a set of workmen who work in turn with other
sets; as, a night shift.

4. In building, the extent, or arrangement, of the overlapping of
plank, brick, stones, etc., that are placed in courses so as to break
joints.

5. (Mining)

Defn: A breaking off and dislocation of a seam; a fault.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: A change of the position of the hand on the finger board, in
playing the violin. To make shift, to contrive or manage in an
exigency. "I shall make shift to go without him." Shak.
[They] made a shift to keep their own in Ireland. Milton.

SHIFTABLE
Shift"a*ble, a.

Defn: Admitting of being shifted.

SHIFTER
Shift"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, shifts; one who plays tricks or practices
artifice; a cozener.
'T was such a shifter that, if truth were known, Death was half glad
when he had got him down. Milton.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: An assistant to the ship's cook in washing, steeping, and
shifting the salt provisions.

3. (Mach.)
(a) An arrangement for shifting a belt sidewise from one pulley to
another.
(b) (Knitting Mach.) A wire for changing a loop from one needle to
another, as in narrowing, etc.

SHIFTINESS
Shift"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being shifty.
Diplomatic shiftiness and political versatility. J. A. Syminds.

SHIFTING
Shift"ing, a.

1. Changing in place, position, or direction; varying; variable;
fickle; as, shifting winds; shifting opinions or principles.

2. Adapted or used for shifting anything. Shifting backstays (Naut.),
temporary stays that have to be let go whenever the vessel tacks or
jibes.
 -- Shifting ballast, ballast which may be moved from one side of a
vessel to another as safety requires.
 -- Shifting center. See Metacenter.
 -- Shifting locomotive. See Switching engine, under Switch.

SHIFTINGLY
Shift"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a shifting manner.

SHIFTLESS
Shift"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of expedients, or not using successful expedients;
characterized by failure, especially by failure to provide for one's
own support, through negligence or incapacity; hence, lazy;
improvident; thriftless; as, a shiftless fellow; shiftless
management.
 -- Shift"less*ly, adv.
 -- Shift"less*ness, n.

SHIFTY
Shift"y, a.

Defn: Full of, or ready with, shifts; fertile in expedients or
contrivance. Wright.
Shifty and thrifty as old Greek or modern Scot, there were few things
he could not invent, and perhaps nothing he could not endure. C.
Kingsley.

SHIITE; SHIAH
Shi"ite, Shi"ah, n. Etym: [Ar. shi'aia follower of the sect of Ali,
fr. shi'at, shi'ah, a multitude following one another in pursuit of
the same object, the sect of Ali, fr. sha'a to follow.]

Defn: A member of that branch of the Mohammedans to which the
Persians belong. They reject the first three caliphs, and consider
Ali as being the first and only rightful successor of Mohammed. They
do not acknowledge the Sunna, or body of traditions respecting
Mohammed, as any part of the law, and on these accounts are treated
as heretics by the Sunnites, or orthodox Mohammedans.

SHIKAREE; SHIKARI
Shi*ka"ree, Shi*ka"ri n. Etym: [Hind.]

Defn: A sportsman; esp., a native hunter. [India]

SHILF
Shilf, n. Etym: [CF. G. shilf sedge.]

Defn: Straw. [Obs.]

SHILL
Shill, v. t.

Defn: To shell. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SHILL
Shill, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Sheal.]

Defn: To put under cover; to sheal. [Prov.ng.] Brockett.

SHILLALAH; SHILLELAH
Shil*la"lah, Shil*le"lah, n.

Defn: An oaken sapling or cudgel; any cudgel; -- so called from
Shillelagh, a place in Ireland of that name famous for its oaks.
[Irish] [Written also shillaly, and shillely.]

SHILLING
Shil"ling, n. Etym: [OE. shilling, schilling, AS. scilling; akin to
D. schelling, OS. & OHG. scilling, G. schilling, Sw. & Dan. skilling,
Icel. skillingr, Goth. skilliggs, and perh. to OHG. scellan to sound,
G. schallen.]

1. A silver coin, and money of account, of Great Britain and its
dependencies, equal to twelve pence, or the twentieth part of a
pound, equivalent to about twenty-four cents of the United States
currency.

2. In the United States, a denomination of money, differing in value
in different States. It is not now legally recognized.

Note: Many of the States while colonies had issued bills of credit
which had depreciated in different degrees in the different colonies.
Thus, in New England currency (used also in Virginia, Kentucky,
Tennessee, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Mississippi, Alabama, and
Florida), after the adoption of the decimal system, the pound in
paper money was worth only $3.333, and the shilling 16 Am. Cyc.

3. The Spanish real, of the value of one eight of a dollar, or 12
York shilling. Same as Shilling, 3.

SHILL-I-SHALL-I; SHILLY-SHALLY
Shill"-I-shall`-I, Shil"ly-shal`ly, adv. Etym: [A reduplication of
shall I.]

Defn: In an irresolute, undecided, or hesitating manner.
I am somewhat dainty in making a resolution, because when I make it,
I keep it; I don't stand shill-I-shall-I then; if I say 't, I'll do
't. Congreve.

SHILLY-SHALLY
Shil"ly-shal`ly, v. i.

Defn: To hesitate; to act in an irresolute manner; hence, to occupy
one's self with trifles.

SHILLY-SHALLY
Shil"ly-shal`ly, n.

Defn: Irresolution; hesitation; also, occupation with trifles.
She lost not one of her forty-five minutes in picking and choosing, -
- no shilly-shally in Kate. De Quincey.

SHILOH
Shi"loh (shi\'b6lo), n. Etym: [Heb. shiloh, literally, quiet, rest,
fr. shalah to rest.] (Script.)

Defn: A word used by Jacob on his deathbed, and interpreted
variously, as "the Messiah," or as the city "Shiloh," or as "Rest."

SHILY
Shi"ly, adv.

Defn: See Shyly.

SHIM
Shim, n.

1. A kind of shallow plow used in tillage to break the ground, and
clear it of weeds.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A thin piece of metal placed between two parts to make a fit.

SHIMMER
Shim"mer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shimmered; p. pr. & vb. n. Shimmering.]
Etym: [OE. schimeren, AS. scimerian; akin to scimian, sciman, to
glitter, D. schemeren, G. schimmern, Dan. skimre, Sw. skimra, AS.
scima a light, brightness, Icel. skima, Goth. skeima a torch, a
lantern, and E. shine. sq. root157. See Shine, v. i.]

Defn: To shine with a tremulous or intermittent light; to shine
faintly; to gleam; to glisten; to glimmer.
The shimmering glimpses of a stream. Tennyson.

SHIMMER
Shim"mer, n.

Defn: A faint, tremulous light; a gleaming; a glimmer.
TWo silver lamps, fed with perfumed oil, diffused . . . a trembling
twilight-seeming shimmer through the quiet apartment. Sir W. Scott.

SHIMMERING
Shim"mer*ing, n.

Defn: A gleam or glimmering. "A little shimmering of a light."
Chaucer.

SHIMMY
Shim"my, n.

Defn: A chemise. [Colloq.]

SHIN
Shin, n. Etym: [OE. shine, schine, AS. scina; akin to D. scheen, OHG.
scina, G. schiene, schienbein, Dan. skinnebeen, Sw. skenben. Cf.
Chine.]

1. The front part of the leg below the knee; the front edge of the
shin bone; the lower part of the leg; the shank. "On his shin."
Chaucer.

2. (Railbroad)

Defn: A fish plate for rails. Knight. Shin bone (Anat.), the tibia.
 -- Shin leaf (Bot.), a perennial ericaceous herb (Pyrola elliptica)
with a cluster of radical leaves and a raceme of greenish white
flowers.

SHIN
Shin, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shinned; p. pr. & vb. n. Shinning.]

1. To climb a mast, tree, rope, or the like, by embracing it
alternately with the arms and legs, without help of steps, spurs, or
the like; -- used with up; as, to shin up a mast. [Slang]

2. To run about borrowing money hastily and temporarily, as for the
payment of one's notes at the bank. [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.

SHIN
Shin, v. t.

Defn: To climb (a pole, etc.) by shinning up. [Slang]

SHINDLE
Shin"dle, n. Etym: [See 2d Shingle.]

Defn: A shingle; also, a slate for roofing. [Obs.] Holland.

SHINDLE
Shin"dle, v. t.

Defn: To cover or roof with shindles. [Obs.]

SHINDY
Shin"dy, n.; pl. Shindies. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain; cf. Shinney,
Shinty.]

1. An uproar or disturbance; a spree; a row; a riot. [Slang]
Thackeray.

2. Hockey; shinney. Bartlett.

3. A fancy or liking. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

SHINE
Shine, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shone ( (archaic Shined (); p. pr. & vb.
n. Shining.] Etym: [OE. shinen, schinen, AS. scinan; akin to D.
schijnen, OFries. skina, OS. & OHG. scinan, G. scheinen, Icel.skina,
Sw. skina, Dan. skinne, Goth. skeinan, and perh. to Gr. Sheer pure,
and Shimmer.]

1. To emit rays of light; to give light; to beam with steady
radiance; to exhibit brightness or splendor; as, the sun shines by
day; the moon shines by night.
Hyperion's quickening fire doth shine. Shak.
God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in
our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in
the face of Jesus Cghrist. 2 Cor. iv. 6.
Let thine eyes shine forth in their full luster. Denham.

2. To be bright by reflection of light; to gleam; to be glossy; as,
to shine like polished silver.

3. To be effulgent in splendor or beauty. "So proud she shined in her
princely state." Spenser.
Once brightest shined this child of heat and air. Pope.

4. To be eminent, conspicuous, or distinguished; to exhibit brilliant
intellectual powers; as, to shine in courts; to shine in
conversation.
Few are qualified to shine in company; but it in most men's power to
be agreeable. Swift.
To make, or cause, the face to shine upon, to be propitious to; to be
gracious to. Num. vi. 25.

SHINE
Shine, v. t.

1. To cause to shine, as a light. [Obs.]
He [God] doth not rain wealth, nor shine honor and virtues, upon men
equally. Bacon.

2. To make bright; to cause to shine by reflected light; as, in
hunting, to shine the eyes of a deer at night by throwing a light on
them. [U. S.] Bartlett.

SHINE
Shine, n.

1. The quality or state of shining; brightness; luster, gloss;
polish; sheen.
Now sits not girt with taper's holy shine. Milton.
Fair opening to some court's propitious shine. Pope.
The distant shine of the celestial city. Hawthorne.

2. Sunshine; fair weather.
Be it fair or foul, or rain or shine. Dryden.

3. A liking for a person; a fancy. [Slang, U.S.]

4. Caper; antic; row. [Slang] To cut up shines, to play pranks.
[Slang, U.S.]

SHINE
Shine, a. Etym: [AS. scin. See Shine, v. i.]

Defn: Shining; sheen. [Obs.] Spenser.

SHINER
Shin"er, n.

Defn: That which shines. Specifically:
(a) A luminary.
(b) A bright piece of money. [Slang]
Has she the shiners, d' ye think Foote.
black eye.
(c) (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of small freshwater American
cyprinoid fishes, belonging to Notropis, or Minnilus, and allied
genera; as the redfin (Notropis megalops), and the golden shiner
(Notemigonus chrysoleucus) of the Eastern United States; also loosely
applied to various other silvery fishes, as the dollar fish, or
horsefish, menhaden, moonfish, sailor's choice, and the sparada. (d)
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The common Lepisma, or furniture bug. Blunt-nosed shiner
(Zoöl.), the silver moonfish.

SHINESS
Shi"ness, n.

Defn: See Shyness.

SHINGLE
Shin"gle, n. Etym: [Prob. from Norw. singl, singling, coarse gravel,
small round stones.] (Geol.)

Defn: Round, water-worn, and loose gravel and pebbles, or a
collection of roundish stones, such as are common on the seashore and
elsewhere.

SHINGLE
Shin"gle, n. Etym: [OE. shingle, shindle, fr. L. scindula, scandula;
cf. scindere to cleave, to split, E. shed, v.t., Gr.

1. A piece of wood sawed or rived thin and small, with one end
thinner than the other, -- used in covering buildings, especially
roofs, the thick ends of one row overlapping the thin ends of the row
below.
I reached St. Asaph, . . . where there is a very poor cathedral
church covered with shingles or tiles. Ray.

2. A sign for an office or a shop; as, to hang out one's shingle.
[Jocose, U. S.] Shingle oak (Bot.), a kind of oak (Quercus
imbricaria) used in the Western States for making shingles.

SHINGLE
Shin"gle, v. t. [imp. &. p. p. Shingled; p. pr. & vb. n. Shingling.]

1. To cover with shingles; as, to shingle a roof.
They shingle their houses with it. Evelyn.

2. To cut, as hair, so that the ends are evenly exposed all over the
head, as shingles on a roof.

SHINGLE
Shin"gle, v. t.

Defn: To subject to the process of shindling, as a mass of iron from
the pudding furnace.

SHINGLER
Shin"gler, n.

1. One who shingles.

2. A machine for shingling puddled iron.

SHINGLES
Shin"gles, n. Etym: [OF. cengle a girth, F. sangle, fr. L. cingulum a
girdle, fr. cingere to gird. Cf. Cincture, Cingle, Surcingle.] (Med.)

Defn: A kind of herpes (Herpes zoster) which spreads half way around
the body like a girdle, and is usually attended with violent
neuralgic pain.

SHINGLING
Shin"gling, n.

1. The act of covering with shingles; shingles, collectively; a
covering made of shingles.

2. (Metal)

Defn: The process of expelling scoriæ and other impurities by
hammering and squeezing, in the production of wrought iron. Shingling
hammer, a ponderous hammer moved by machinery, used in shingling
puddled iron.
 -- Shingling mill, a mill or forge where puddled iron is shingled.

SHINGLY
Shin"gly, a.

Defn: Abounding with shingle, or gravel.

SHINHOPPLE
Shin"hop`ple, n.

Defn: The hobblebush.

SHINING
Shin"ing, a.

1. Emitting light, esp. in a continuous manner; radiant; as, shining
lamps; also, bright by the reflection of light; as, shining armor.
"Fish . . . with their fins and shining scales." Milton.

2. Splendid; illustrious; brilliant; distinguished; conspicious; as,
a shining example of charity.

3. Having the surface smooth and polished; -- said of leaves, the
surfaces of shells, etc.

Syn.
 -- Glistening; bright; radiant; resplendent; effulgent; lustrous;
brilliant; glittering; splendid; illustrious.
 -- Shining, Brilliant, Sparking. Shining describes the steady
emission of a strong light, or the steady reflection of light from a
clear or polished surface. Brilliant denotes a shining of great
brightness, but with gleams or flashes. Sparkling implies a fitful,
intense shining from radiant points or sparks, by which the eye is
dazzled. The same distinctions obtain when these epithets are
figuratively applied. A man of shining talents is made conspicious by
possessing them; if they flash upon the mind with a peculiarly
striking effect, we call them brilliant; if his brilliancy is marked
by great vivacity and occasional intensity, he is sparkling.
True paradise . . . inclosed with shining rock. Milton.
Some in a brilliant buckle bind her waist, Some round her neck a
circling light display. Gay.
His sparkling blade about his head he blest. Spenser.

SHINING
Shin"ing, n.

Defn: Emission or reflection of light.

SHININGNESS
Shin"ing*ness, n.

Defn: Brightness. J. Spence.

SHINNEY
Shin"ney, n. Etym: [CF. Shindy.]

Defn: The game of hockey; -- so called because of the liability of
the players to receive blows on the shin. Halliwell.

SHINPLASTER
Shin"plas`ter, n.

Defn: Formerly, a jocose term for a bank note greatly depreciated in
value; also, for paper money of a denomination less than a dollar.
[U. S.]

SHIN SHU
Shin Shu. [Jap., lit., true sect.]

Defn: The leading and most progressive Buddhist sect of Japan,
resting its faith rather upon Amida than Gautama Buddha. Rites and
ceremonies are held useless without uprightness.

SHINTIYAN; SHINTYAN
Shin"ti*yan (shin"ti*yan), Shin"ty*an (shin"ti*an), n. [Ar.
shintian.]

Defn: A kind of wide loose drawers or trousers worn by women in
Mohammedan countries.

SHINTO; SHINTIISM
Shin"to, Shin"ti*ism, n. Etym: [Chin. shin god + tao way, doctrine.]

Defn: One of the two great systems of religious belief in Japan. Its
essence is ancestor worship, and sacrifice to dead heroes. [Written
also Sintu, and Sintuism.]

SHINTOIST
Shin"to*ist, n.

Defn: An adherent of Shintoism.

SHINTY
Shin"ty, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. sinteag a skip, a bound.]

Defn: A Scotch game resembling hockey; also, the club used in the
game. Jamieson.

SHINY
Shin"y, a. [Compar. Shinier; superl. Shiniest.]

Defn: Bright; luminous; clear; unclouded.
Like distant thunder on a shiny day. Dryden.

-SHIP
-ship. Etym: [OE. -schipe, AS. -scipe; akin to OFries. -skipe, OLG. -
skepi, D. -schap, OHG. -scaf, G. -schaft. Cf. Shape, n., and
Landscape.]

Defn: A suffix denoting state, office, dignity, profession, or art;
as in lordship, friendship, chancellorship, stewardship,
horsemanship.

SHIP
Ship, n. Etym: [AS. scipe.]

Defn: Pay; reward. [Obs.]
In withholding or abridging of the ship or the hire or the wages of
servants. Chaucer.

SHIP
Ship, n. Etym: [OE. ship, schip, AS. scip; akin to OFries. skip, OS.
scip, D. schip, G. schiff, OHG. scif, Dan. skib, Sw. skeep, Icel. &
Goth. skip; of unknown origin. Cf. Equip, Skiff, Skipper.]

1. Any large seagoing vessel.
Like a stately ship . . . With all her bravery on, and tackle trim,
Sails filled, and streamers waving. Milton.
Thou, too, sail on, O Ship of State! Longfellow.

2. Specifically, a vessel furnished with a bowsprit and three masts
(a mainmast, a foremast, and a mizzenmast), each of which is composed
of a lower mast, a topmast, and a topgallant mast, and square-rigged
on all masts. See Illustation in Appendix. l Port or Larboard Side; s
Starboard Side; 1 Roundhouse or Deck House; 2 Tiller; 3 Grating; 4
Wheel; 5 Wheel Chains; 6 Binnacle; 7 Mizzenmast; 8 Skylight; 9
Capstan; 10 Mainmast; 11 Pumps; 12 Galley or Caboose; 13 Main
Hatchway; 14 Windlass; 15 Foremast; 16 Fore Hatchway; 17 Bitts; 18
Bowsprit; 19 Head Rail; 20 Boomkins; 21 Catheads on Port Bow and
Starboard Bow; 22 Fore Chains; 23 Main Chains; 24 Mizzen Chains; 25
Stern. 1 Fore Royal Stay; 2 Flying Jib Stay; 3 Fore Topgallant Stay;4
Jib Stay; 5 Fore Topmast Stays; 6 Fore Tacks; 8 Flying Martingale; 9
Martingale Stay, shackled to Dolphin Striker; 10 Jib Guys; 11 Jumper
Guys; 12 Back Ropes; 13 Robstays; 14 Flying Jib Boom; 15 Flying Jib
Footropes; 16 Jib Boom; 17 Jib Foottropes; 18 Bowsprit; 19 Fore
Truck; 20 Fore Royal Mast; 21 Fore Royal Lift; 22 Fore Royal Yard; 23
Fore Royal Backstays; 24 Fore Royal Braces; 25 Fore Topgallant Mast
and Rigging; 26 Fore Topgallant Lift; 27 Fore Topgallant Yard; 28
Fore Topgallant Backstays; 29 Fore Topgallant Braces; 30 Fore Topmast
and Rigging; 31 Fore Topsail Lift; 32 Fore Topsail Yard; 33 Fore
Topsail Footropes; 34 Fore Topsail Braces; 35 Fore Yard; 36 Fore
Brace; 37 Fore Lift; 38 Fore Gaff; 39 Fore Trysail Vangs; 40 Fore
Topmast Studding-sail Boom; 41 Foremast and Rigging; 42 Fore Topmast
Backstays; 43 Fore Sheets; 44 Main Truck and Pennant; 45 Main Royal
Mast and Backstay; 46 Main Royal Stay; 47 Main Royal Lift; 48 Main
Royal Yard; 49 Main Royal Braces; 50 Main Topgallant Mast and
Rigging; 51 Main Topgallant Lift; 52 Main Topgallant Backstays; 53
Main Topgallant Yard; 54 Main Topgallant Stay; 55 Main Topgallant
Braces; 56 Main Topmast and Rigging; 57 Topsail Lift; 58 Topsail
Yard; 59 Topsail Footropes; 60 Topsail Braces; 61 Topmast Stays; 62
Main Topgallant Studding-sail Boom; 63 Main Topmast Backstay; 64 Main
Yard; 65 Main Footropes; 66 Mainmast and Rigging; 67 Main Lift; 68
Main Braces; 69 Main Tacks; 70 Main Sheets; 71 Main Trysail Gaff; 72
Main Trysail Vangs; 73 Main Stays; 74 Mizzen Truck; 75 Mizzen Royal
Mast and Rigging; 76 Mizzen Royal Stay; 77 Mizzen Royal Lift; 78
Mizzen Royal Yard; 79 Mizzen Royal Braces; 80 Mizzen Topgallant Mast
and Rigging; 81 Mizzen Topgallant Lift; 82 Mizzen Topgallant
Backstays; 83 Mizzen Topgallant Braces; 84 Mizzen Topgallant Yard; 85
Mizzen Topgallant Stay; 86 Mizzen Topmast and Rigging; 87 Mizzen
Topmast Stay; 88 Mizzen Topsail Lift; 89 Mizzen Topmast Backstays; 90
Mizzen Topsail Braces; 91 Mizzen Topsail Yard; 92 Mizzen Topsail
Footropes; 93 Crossjack Yard; 94 Crossjack Footropes; 95 Crossjack
Lift; 96 Crossjack Braces; 97 Mizzenmast and Rigging; 98 Mizzen Stay;
99 Spanker Gaff; 100 Peak Halyards; 101 Spanker Vangs; 102 Spanker
Boom; 103 Spanker Boom Topping Lift; 104 Jacob's Ladder, or Stern
Ladder; 105 Spanker Sheet; 106 Cutwater; 107 Starboard Bow; 108
Starboard Beam; 109 Water Line; 110 Starboard Quarter; 111 Rudder.

3. A dish or utensil (originally fashioned like the hull of a ship)
used to hold incense. [Obs.] Tyndale. Armed ship, a private ship
taken into the service of the government in time of war, and armed
and equipped like a ship of war. [Eng.] Brande & C.
 -- General ship. See under General.
 -- Ship biscuit, hard biscuit prepared for use on shipboard; --
called also ship bread. See Hardtack.
 -- Ship boy, a boy who serves in a ship. "Seal up the ship boy's
eyes." Shak.
 -- Ship breaker, one who breaks up vessels when unfit for further
use.
 -- Ship broker, a mercantile agent employed in buying and selling
ships, procuring cargoes, etc., and generally in transacting the
business of a ship or ships when in port.
 -- Ship canal, a canal suitable for the passage of seagoing vessels.
 -- Ship carpenter, a carpenter who works at shipbuilding; a
shipwright.
 -- Ship chandler, one who deals in cordage, canvas, and other,
furniture of vessels.
 -- Ship chandlery, the commodities in which a ship chandler deals;
also, the business of a ship chandler.
 -- Ship fever (Med.), a form of typhus fever; -- called also putrid,
jail, or hospital fever.
 -- Ship joiner, a joiner who works upon ships.
 -- Ship letter, a letter conveyed by a ship not a mail packet.
 -- Ship money (Eng. Hist.), an imposition formerly charged on the
ports, towns, cities, boroughs, and counties, of England, for
providing and furnishing certain ships for the king's service. The
attempt made by Charles I. to revive and enforce this tax was
resisted by John Hampden, and was one of the causes which led to the
death of Charles. It was finally abolished.
 -- Ship of the line. See under Line.
 -- Ship pendulum, a pendulum hung amidships to show the extent of
the rolling and pitching of a vessel.
 -- Ship railway. (a) An inclined railway with a cradelike car, by
means of which a ship may be drawn out of water, as for repairs. (b)
A railway arranged for the transportation of vessels overland between
two water courses or harbors.
 -- Ship's company, the crew of a ship or other vessel.
 -- Ship's days, the days allowed a vessel for loading or unloading.
 -- Ship's husband. See under Husband.
 -- Ship's papers (Mar. Law), papers with which a vessel is required
by law to be provided, and the production of which may be required on
certain occasions. Among these papers are the register, passport or
sea letter, charter party, bills of lading, invoice, log book, muster
roll, bill of health, etc. Bouvier. Kent.
 -- To make ship, to embark in a ship or other vessel.

SHIP
Ship, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Shipping.]

1. To put on board of a ship, or vessel of any kind, for
transportation; to send by water.
The timber was . . . shipped in the bay of Attalia, from whence it
was by sea transported to Pelusium. Knolles.

2. By extension, in commercial usage, to commit to any conveyance for
transportation to a distance; as, to ship freight by railroad.

3. Hence, to send away; to get rid of. [Colloq.]

4. To engage or secure for service on board of a ship; as, to ship
seamen.

5. To receive on board ship; as, to ship a sea.

6. To put in its place; as, to ship the tiller or rudder.

SHIP
Ship, v. i.

1. To engage to serve on board of a vessel; as, to ship on a man-of-
war.

2. To embark on a ship. Wyclif (Acts xxviii. 11)

SHIPBOARD
Ship"board`, n. Etym: [Ship + board. See Board, n., 8]

Defn: A ship's side; hence, by extension, a ship; -- found chiefly in
adverbial phrases; as, on shipboard; a shipboard.

SHIPBUILDER
Ship"build`er, n.

Defn: A person whose occupation is to construct ships and other
vessels; a naval architect; a shipwright.

SHIPBUILDING
Ship"build`ing, n.

Defn: Naval architecturel the art of constructing ships and other
vessels.

SHIPFUL
Ship"ful, n.; pl. Shipfuls (.

Defn: As much or as many as a ship will hold; enough to fill a ship.

SHIPHOLDER
Ship"hold`er, n.

Defn: A shipowner.

SHIPLESS
Ship"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of ships. Gray.

SHIPLET
Ship"let, n.

Defn: A little ship. [R.] Holinshed.

SHIPLOAD
Ship"load`, n.

Defn: The load, or cargo, of a ship.

SHIPMAN
Ship"man, n.; pl. Shipmen (.

Defn: A seaman, or sailor. [Obs. or Poetic] Chaucer. R. Browning.
About midnight the shipmen deemed that they drew near to some
country. Acts xxvii. 27.
Shipman's card, the mariner's compass. [Obs.] Shak.

SHIPMASTER
Ship"mas`ter, n.

Defn: The captain, master, or commander of a ship. Jonah i. 6.

SHIPMATE
Ship"mate`, n.

Defn: One who serves on board of the same ship with another; a fellow
sailor.

SHIPMENT
Ship"ment, n.

1. The act or process of shipping; as, he was engaged in the shipment
of coal for London; an active shipment of wheat from the West.

2. That which is shipped.
The question is, whether the share of M. in the shipment is exempted
from condemnation by reason of his neutral domicle. Story.

SHIPOWNER
Ship"own`er, n.

Defn: Owner of a ship or ships.

SHIPPEN
Ship"pen, n. Etym: [AS. scypen. Cf. Shop, Shepen.]

Defn: A stable; a cowhouse. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.]

SHIPPER
Ship"per, n. Etym: [See Ship, n., and cf. Skipper.]

Defn: One who sends goods from one place to another not in the same
city or town, esp. one who sends goods by water.

SHIPPING
Ship"ping, a.

1. Relating to ships, their ownership, transfer, or employment; as,
shiping concerns.

2. Relating to, or concerned in, the forwarding of goods; as, a
shipping clerk.

SHIPPING
Ship"ping, n.

1. The act of one who, or of that which, ships; as, the shipping of
flour to Liverpool.

2. The collective body of ships in one place, or belonging to one
port, country, etc.; vessels, generally; tonnage.

3. Navigation. "God send 'em good shipping." Shak. Shipping articles,
articles of agreement between the captain of a vessel and the seamen
on board, in respect to the amount of wages, length of time for which
they are shipping, etc. Bouvier.
 -- To take shipping, to embark; to take ship. [Obs.] John vi.24.
Shak.

SHIPPING NOTE
Ship"ping note. (Com.)

Defn: A document used in shipping goods by sea. In the case of free
goods the shipping notes are the receiving note, addressed by the
shipper to the chief officer of the vessel, requesting him to receive
on board specified goods, and a receipt for the mate to sign, on
receiving whose signature it is called the mate's receipt, and is
surrendered by the shipper for the bills of lading.

SHIPPO
Ship*po", n. [Jap. shippo seven precious things; Chin. ts'ih seven +
pao gem.] (Japanese Art)

Defn: Cloisonné enamel on a background of metal or porcelain.

SHIPPON
Ship"pon, n.

Defn: A cowhouse; a shippen. [Prov. Eng.]
Bessy would either do fieldwork, or attend to the cows, the shippon,
or churn, or make cheese. Dickens.

SHIP RAILWAY
Ship railway.
 (a) An inclined railway running into the water with a cradelike car
on which a vessel may be drawn out on land, as for repairs.
 (b) A railway on which to transport vessels overland between bodies
of water.

SHIP-RIGGED
Ship"-rigged`, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Rigged like a ship, that is, having three masts, each with
square sails.

SHIPSHAPE
Ship"shape`, a.

Defn: Arranged in a manner befitting a ship; hence, trim; tidy;
orderly.
Even then she expressed her scorn for the lubbery executioner's mode
of tying a knot, and did it herself in a shipshape orthodox manner.
De Quincey.
Keep everything shipshape, for I must go Tennyson.

SHIPSHAPE
Ship"shape`, adv.

Defn: In a shipshape or seamanlike manner.

SHIPWORM
Ship"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any long, slender, worm-shaped bivalve mollusk of Teredo and
allied genera. The shipworms burrow in wood, and are destructive to
wooden ships, piles of wharves, etc. See Teredo.

SHIPWRECK
Ship"wreck`, n.

1. The breaking in pieces, or shattering, of a ship or other vessel
by being cast ashore or driven against rocks, shoals, etc., by the
violence of the winds and waves.

2. A ship wrecked or destroyed upon the water, or the parts of such a
ship; wreckage. Dryden.

3. Fig.: Destruction; ruin; irretrievable loss.
Holding faith and a good conscience, which some having put away
concerning faith have made shipwreck. 1 Tim. 1. 19.
It was upon an Indian bill that the late ministry had made shipwreck.
J. Morley.

SHIPWRECK
Ship"wreck`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shipwrecked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shipwrecking.]

1. To destroy, as a ship at sea, by running ashore or on rocks or
sandbanks, or by the force of wind and waves in a tempest.
Shipwrecking storms and direful thunders break. Shak.

2. To cause to experience shipwreck, as sailors or passengers. Hence,
to cause to suffer some disaster or loss; to destroy or ruin, as if
by shipwreck; to wreck; as, to shipwreck a business. Addison.

SHIPWRIGHT
Ship"wright`, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to construct ships; a builder of ships
or other vessels.

SHIPYARD
Ship"yard`, n.

Defn: A yard, place, or inclosure where ships are built or repaired.

SHIRAZ
Shi*raz", n.

Defn: A kind of Persian wine; -- so called from the place whence it
is brought.

SHIRE
Shire, n. Etym: [AS. scire, scir, a division, province, county. Cf.
Sheriff.]

1. A portion of Great Britain originally under the supervision of an
earl; a territorial division, usually identical with a county, but
sometimes limited to a smaller district; as, Wiltshire, Yorkshire,
Richmondshire, Hallamshire.
An indefinite number of these hundreds make up a county or shire.
Blackstone.

2. A division of a State, embracing several contiguous townships; a
county. [U. S.]

Note: Shire is commonly added to the specific designation of a county
as a part of its name; as, Yorkshire instead of York shire, or the
shire of York; Berkshire instead of Berks shire. Such expressions as
the county of Yorkshire, which in a strict sense are tautological,
are used in England. In the United States the composite word is
sometimes the only name of a county; as, Berkshire county, as it is
called in Massachusetts, instead of Berks county, as in Pensylvania.
The Tyne, Tees, Humber, Wash, Yare, Stour, and Thames separate the
counties of Northumberland, Durham, Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, etc.
Encyc. Brit.
Knight of the shire. See under Knight.
 -- Shire clerk, an officer of a county court; also, an under
sheriff. [Eng.] -- Shire mote (Old. Eng. Law), the county court;
sheriff's turn, or court. [Obs.] Cowell. Blackstone.
 -- Shire reeve (Old Eng. Law), the reeve, or bailiff, of a shire; a
sheriff. Burrill.
 -- Shire town, the capital town of a county; a county town.
 -- Shire wick, a county; a shire. [Obs.] Holland.

SHIRE HORSE
Shire horse.

Defn: One of an English breed of heavy draft horses believed to be
descended largely from the horses used in war in the days of heavy
armor. They are the  largest of the British draft breeds, and have
long hair on the back of the cannons and fetlocks. Brown or bay with
white on the face and legs is now the commonest color.

SHIRK
Shirk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shirked; p. pr. & vb. n. Shirking.] Etym:
[Probably the same word as shark. See Shark, v. t.]

1. To procure by petty fraud and trickery; to obtain by mean
solicitation.
You that never heard the call of any vocation, . . . that shirk
living from others, but time from Yourselves. Bp. Rainbow.

2. To avoid; to escape; to neglect; -- implying unfaithfulness or
fraud; as, to shirk duty.
The usual makeshift by which they try to shirk difficulties. Hare.

SHIRK
Shirk, v. i.

1. To live by shifts and fraud; to shark.

2. To evade an obligation; to avoid the performance of duty, as by
running away.
One of the cities shirked from the league. Byron.

SHIRK
Shirk, n.

Defn: One who lives by shifts and tricks; one who avoids the
performance of duty or labor.

SHIRKER
Shirk"er, n.

Defn: One who shirks. Macaulay.

SHIRKY
Shirk"y, a.

Defn: Disposed to shirk. [Colloq.]

SHIRL
Shirl, a.

Defn: Shrill. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

SHIRL
Shirl, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Schorl.

SHIRLEY
Shir"ley, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bullfinch.

SHIRR
Shirr, n. (Sewing)

Defn: A series of close parallel runnings which are drawn up so as to
make the material between them set full by gatherings; -- called also
shirring, and gauging.

SHIRRED
Shirred, a.

1. (Sewing)

Defn: Made or gathered into a shirr; as, a shirred bonnet.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: Broken into an earthen dish and baked over the fire; -- said of
eggs.

SHIRT
Shirt, n. Etym: [OE. schirte, sherte, schurte; akin to Icel. skyrta,
Dan. skiorte, Sw. skjorta, Dan. skiört a petticoat, D. schort a
petticoat, an argon, G. schurz, schürze, an argon; all probably from
the root of E. short, as being originally a short garment. See Short,
and cf. Skirt.]

Defn: A loose under-garment for the upper part of the body, made of
cotton, linen, or other material; -- formerly used of the under-
garment of either sex, now commonly restricted to that worn by men
and boys.
Several persons in December had nothing over their shoulders but
their shirts. Addison.
She had her shirts and girdles of hair. Bp. Fisher.

SHIRT
Shirt, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Shirted; p. pr. & vb. n. Shirting.]

Defn: To cover or clothe with a shirt, or as with a shirt. Dryden.

SHIRTING
Shirt"ing, n.

Defn: Cloth, specifically cotton cloth, suitable for making shirts.

SHIRTLESS
Shirt"less, a.

Defn: Not having or wearing a shirt. Pope.
 -- Shirt"less*ness, n.

SHIRT WAIST
Shirt waist.

Defn: A belted waist resembling a shirt in plainness of cut and
style, worn by women or children; -- in England called a blouse.

SHIRT-WAIST SUIT
Shirt-waist suit.

Defn: A costume consisting of a plain belted waist and skirt of the
same material.

SHIST; SHISTOSE
Shist, Shis*tose".

Defn: See Shist, Schistose.

SHITTAH; SHITTAH TREE
Shit"tah, Shit"tah tree`, n. Etym: [Heb. shittah, pl. shittim.]

Defn: A tree that furnished the precious wood of which the ark,
tables, altars, boards, etc., of the Jewish tabernacle were made; --
now believed to have been the wood of the Acacia Seyal, which is
hard, fine grained, and yellowish brown in color.

SHITTIM; SHITTIM WOOD
Shit"tim, Shit"tim wood`, n.

Defn: The wood of the shittah tree.

SHITTLE
Shit"tle, n. Etym: [See Shuttle.]

Defn: A shuttle. [Obs.] Chapman.

SHITTLE
Shit"tle, a.

Defn: Wavering; unsettled; inconstant. [Obs.] Holland.

SHITTLECOCK
Shit"tle*cock`, n.

Defn: A shuttlecock. [Obs.]

SHITTLENESS
Shit"tle*ness, n.

Defn: Instability; inconstancy. [Obs.]
The vain shittlenesse of an unconstant head. Baret.

SHIVE
Shive, n. Etym: [See Sheave, n.]

1. A slice; as, a shive of bread. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Shak.

2. A thin piece or fragment; specifically, one of the scales or
pieces of the woody part of flax removed by the operation of
breaking.

3. A thin, flat cork used for stopping a wide-mouthed bottle; also, a
thin wooden bung for casks.

SHIVER
Shiv"er, n. Etym: [OE. schivere, fr. shive; cf. G. schifer a
splinter, slate, OHG. scivere a splinter, Dan. & Sw. skifer a slate.
See Shive, and cf. Skever.]

1. One of the small pieces, or splinters, into which a brittle thing
is broken by sudden violence; -- generally used in the plural. "All
to shivers dashed." Milton.

2. A thin slice; a shive. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "A shiver of their own
loaf." Fuller.
Of your soft bread, not but a shiver. Chaucer.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: A variety of blue slate.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A sheave or small wheel in a pulley.

5. A small wedge, as for fastening the bolt of a window shutter.

6. A spindle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SHIVER
Shiv"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shivered; p. pr. & vb. n. Shivering.]
Etym: [OE. schiveren, scheveren; cf. OD. scheveren. See Shiver a
fragment.]

Defn: To break into many small pieces, or splinters; to shatter; to
dash to pieces by a blow; as, to shiver a glass goblet.
All the ground With shivered armor strown. Milton.

SHIVER
Shiv"er, v. i.

Defn: To separate suddenly into many small pieces or parts; to be
shattered.
There shiver shafts upon shields thick. Chaucer
The natural world, should gravity once cease, . . . would instantly
shiver into millions of atoms. Woodward.

SHIVER
Shiv"er, v. i. Etym: [OE. chiveren, cheveren; of uncertain origin.
This word seems to have been confused with shiver to shatter.]

Defn: To tremble; to vibrate; to quiver; to shake, as from cold or
fear.
Prometheus is laid On icy Caucasus to shiver. Swift.
The man that shivered on the brink of sin, Thus steeled and hardened,
ventures boldly in. Creech.

SHIVER
Shiv"er, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To cause to shake or tremble, as a sail, by steering close to
the wind.

SHIVER
Shiv"er, n.

Defn: The act of shivering or trembling.

SHIVERINGLY
Shiv"er*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a shivering manner.

SHIVER-SPAR
Shiv"er-spar`, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schiefer-spath.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of calcite, so called from its slaty structure; --
called also slate spar.

SHIVERY
Shiv"er*y, a.

1. Tremulous; shivering. Mallet.

2. Easily broken; brittle; shattery.

SHIZOKU
Shi*zo"ku, n. sing. & pl. [Jap. shi-zoku, fr. Chin. ch' (chi) branch,
posterity + tsu kindered, class.]

Defn: The Japanese warrior gentry or middle class, formerly called
samurai; also, any member of this class.

SHOAD
Shoad, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schutt rubbish.] (Mining)

Defn: A train of vein material mixed with rubbish; fragments of ore
which have become separated by the action of water or the weather,
and serve to direct in the discovery of mines. [Written also shode.]

SHOADING
Shoad"ing, n. (Mining)

Defn: The tracing of veins of metal by shoads. [Written also
shoding.] Pryce.

SHOAL
Shoal, n. Etym: [AS. scolu, sceolu, a company, multitude, crowd, akin
to OS. skola; probably originally, a division, and akin to Icel.
skilja to part, divide. See Skill, and cf. School. of fishes.]

Defn: A great multitude assembled; a crowd; a throng; -- said
especially of fish; as, a shoal of bass. "Great shoals of people."
Bacon.
Beneath, a shoal of silver fishes glides. Waller.

SHOAL
Shoal, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shoaled; p. pr. & vb. n. Shoaling.]

Defn: To assemble in a multitude; to throng; as, the fishes shoaled
about the place. Chapman.

SHOAL
Shoal, a. Etym: [Cf. Shallow; or cf. G. scholle a clod, glebe, OHG.
scollo, scolla, prob. akin to E. shoal a multitude.]

Defn: Having little depth; shallow; as, shoal water.

SHOAL
Shoal, n.

1. A place where the water of a sea, lake, river, pond, etc., is
shallow; a shallow.
The depth of your pond should be six feet; and on the sides some
shoals for the fish to lay their span. Mortimer.
Wolsey, that once trod the ways of glory, And sounded all the depths
and shoals of honor. Shak.

2. A sandbank or bar which makes the water shoal.
The god himself with ready trident stands, And opes the deep, and
spreads the moving sands, Then heaves them off the shoals. Dryden.

SHOAL
Shoal, v. i.

Defn: To become shallow; as, the color of the water shows where it
shoals.

SHOAL
Shoal, v. t.

Defn: To cause to become more shallow; to come to a more shallow part
of; as, a ship shoals her water by advancing into that which is less
deep. Marryat.

SHOALINESS
Shoal"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being shoaly; little depth of water;
shallowness.

SHOALING
Shoal"ing, a.

Defn: Becoming shallow gradually. "A shoaling estuary." Lyell.

SHOALY
Shoal"y, a.

Defn: Full of shoals, or shallow places.
The tossing vessel sailed on shoaly ground. Dryden.

SHOAR
Shoar (shor), n.

Defn: A prop. See 3d Shore.

SHOAT
Shoat (shot), n.

Defn: A young hog. Same as Shote.

SHOCK
Shock, n. Etym: [OE. schokke; cf. OD schocke, G. schock a heap,
quantity, threescore, MHG. schoc, Sw. skok, and also G. hocke a heap
of hay, Lith. kugis.]

1. A pile or assemblage of sheaves of grain, as wheat, rye, or the
like, set up in a field, the sheaves varying in number from twelve to
sixteen; a stook.
And cause it on shocks to be by and by set. Tusser.
Behind the master walks, builds up the shocks. Thomson.

2. Etym: [G. schock.] (Com.)

Defn: A lot consisting of sixty pieces; -- a term applied in some
Baltic ports to loose goods.

SHOCK
Shock, v. t.

Defn: To collect, or make up, into a shock or shocks; to stook; as,
to shock rye.

SHOCK
Shock, v. i.

Defn: To be occupied with making shocks.
Reap well, scatter not, gather clean that is shorn, Bind fast, shock
apace. Tusser.

SHOCK
Shock, n. Etym: [Cf. D. schok a bounce, jolt, or leap, OHG. scoc a
swing, MHG. schoc, Icel. skykkjun tremuously, F. choc a shock,
collision, a dashing or striking against, Sp. choque, It. ciocco a
log. sq. root161. Cf. Shock to shake.]

1. A quivering or shaking which is the effect of a blow, collision,
or violent impulse; a blow, impact, or collision; a concussion; a
sudden violent impulse or onset.
These strong, unshaken mounds resist the shocks Of tides and seas
tempestuous. Blackmore.
He stood the shock of a whole host of foes. Addison.

2. A sudden agitation of the mind or feelings; a sensation of
pleasure or pain caused by something unexpected or overpowering;
also, a sudden agitating or overpowering event. "A shock of
pleasure." Talfourd.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A sudden depression of the vital forces of the entire body, or
of a port of it, marking some profound impression produced upon the
nervous system, as by severe injury, overpowering emotion, or the
like.

4. (Elec.)

Defn: The sudden convulsion or contraction of the muscles, with the
feeling of a concussion, caused by the discharge, through the animal
system, of electricity from a charged body.

Syn.
 -- Concussion, Shock. Both words signify a sudden violent shaking
caused by impact or colision; but concussion is restricted in use to
matter, while shock is used also of mental states.

SHOCK
Shock, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shocked; p. pr. & vb. n. Shocking.] Etym:
[OE. schokken; cf. D. schokken, F. choquer, Sp. chocar. sq. root161.
Cf. Chuck to strike, Jog, Shake, Shock a striking, Shog, n. & v.]

1. To give a shock to; to cause to shake or waver; hence, to strike
against suddenly; to encounter with violence.
Come the three corners of the world in arms, And we shall shock them.
Shak.
A shall never forget the force with which he shocked De Vipont. Sir
W. Scott.

2. To strike with surprise, terror, horror, or disgust; to cause to
recoil; as, his violence shocked his associates.
Advise him not to shock a father's will. Dryden.

SHOCK
Shock, v. i.

Defn: To meet with a shock; to meet in violent encounter. "They saw
the moment approach when the two parties would shock together." De
Quincey.

SHOCK
Shock, n. Etym: [Cf. Shag.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dog with long hair or shag; -- called also shockdog.

2. A thick mass of bushy hair; as, a head covered with a shock of
sandy hair.

SHOCK
Shock, a.

Defn: Bushy; shaggy; as, a shock hair.
His red shock peruke . . . was laid aside. Sir W. Scott.

SHOCKDOG
Shock"dog`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See 7th Shock, 1.

SHOCK-HEAD
Shock"-head`, a.

Defn: Shock-headed. Tennyson.

SHOCK-HEADED
Shock"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a thick and bushy head of hair.

SHOCKING
Shock"ing, a.

Defn: Causing to shake or tremble, as by a blow; especially, causing
to recoil with horror or disgust; extremely offensive or disgusting.
The grossest and most shocking villainies. Secker.
-- Shock"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Shock"ing*ness, n.

SHOD
Shod, imp. & p. p.

Defn: f Shoe.

SHODDY
Shod"dy, n. Etym: [Perhaps fr. Shed, v. t.; as meaning originally,
waste stuff shedor thrown off.]

1. A fibrous material obtained by "deviling," or tearing into fibers,
refuse woolen goods, old stockings, rags, druggets, etc. See Mungo.

2. A fabric of inferior quality made of, or containing a large amount
of, shoddy.

Note: The great quantity of shoddy goods furnished as army supplies
in the late Civil War in the United States gave wide currency to the
word, and it came to be applied to persons who pretend to a higher
position in society than that to which their breeding or worth
entitles them.

SHODDY
Shod"dy, a.

Defn: Made wholly or in part of shoddy; containing shoddy; as, shoddy
cloth; shoddy blankets; hence, colloquially, not genuine; sham;
pretentious; as, shoddy aristocracy.
Shoddy inventions designed to bolster up a factitious pride. Compton
Reade.

SHODDY FEVER
Shoddy fever. (Med.)

Defn: A febrile disease characterized by dyspnoa and bronchitis
caused by inhaling dust.

SHODDYISM
Shod"dy*ism, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being shoddy. [Colloq.] See the Note
under Shoddy, n.

SHODE
Shode, n. Etym: [AS. scade, fr. sceádan. See Shed, v. t.]

1. The parting of the hair on the head. [Obs.]
Full straight and even lay his jolly shode. Chaucer.

2. The top of the head; the head. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SHODE; SHODING
Shode, Shod"ing.

Defn: See Shoad, Shoading.

SHODER
Sho"der, n.

Defn: A package of gold beater's skins in which gold is subjected to
the second process of beating.

SHOE
Shoe, n.; pl. Shoes, formerly Shoon, now provincial. Etym: [OE. sho,
scho, AS. sc, sceóh; akin to OFries. sk, OS. sk, D. schoe, schoen, G.
schuh, OHG. scuoh, Icel. sk, Dan. & Sw. sko, Goth. sk; of unknown
origin.]

1. A covering for the human foot, usually made of leather, having a
thick and somewhat stiff sole and a lighter top. It differs from a
boot on not extending so far up the leg.
Your hose should be ungartered, . . . yourshoe untied. Shak.
Spare none but such as go in clouted shoon. Shak.

2. Anything resembling a shoe in form, position, or use.
Specifically:
(a) A plate or rim of iron nailed to the hoof of an animal to defend
it from injury.
(b) A band of iron or steel, or a ship of wood, fastened to the
bottom of the runner of a sleigh, or any vehicle which slides on the
snow.
(c) A drag, or sliding piece of wood or iron, placed under the wheel
of a loaded vehicle, to retard its motion in going down a hill.
(d) The part of a railroad car brake which presses upon the wheel to
retard its motion.
(e) (Arch.) A trough-shaped or spout-shaped member, put at the bottom
of the water leader coming from the eaves gutter, so as to throw the
water off from the building.
(f) (Milling.) The trough or spout for conveying the grain from the
hopper to the eye of the millstone.
(g) An inclined trough in an ore-crushing mill.
(h) An iron socket or plate to take the thrust of a strut or rafter.
(i) An iron socket to protect the point of a wooden pile.
(j) (Mach.) A plate, or notched piece, interposed between a moving
part and the stationary part on which it bears, to take the wear and
afford means of adjustment; -- called also slipper, and gib.

Note: Shoe is often used adjectively, or in composition; as, shoe
buckle, or shoe-buckle; shoe latchet, or shoe-latchet; shoe leathet,
or shoe-leather; shoe string, shoe-string, or shoestring. Shoe of an
anchor. (Naut.) (a) A small block of wood, convex on the back, with a
hole to receive the point of the anchor fluke, -- used to prevent the
anchor from tearing the planks of the vessel when raised or lowered.
(b) A broad, triangular piece of plank placed upon the fluke to give
it a better hold in soft ground.
 -- Shoe block (Naut.), a block with two sheaves, one above the
other, and at right angles to each other.
 -- Shoe bolt, a bolt with a flaring head, for fastening shoes on
sleigh runners.
 -- Shoe pac, a kind of moccasin. See Pac.
 -- Shoe stone, a sharpening stone used by shoemakers and other
workers in leather.

SHOE
Shoe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shod; p. pr. & vb. n. Shoeing.] Etym: [AS.
sc, sce. See Shoe, n.]

1. To furnish with a shoe or shoes; to put a shoe or shoes on; as, to
shoe a horse, a sled, an anchor.

2. To protect or ornament with something which serves the purpose of
a shoe; to tip.
The sharp and small end of the billiard stick, which is shod with
brass or silver. Evelyn.

SHOEBILL
Shoe"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large African wading bird (Balæniceps rex) allied to the
storks and herons, and remarkable for its enormous broad swollen
bill. It inhabits the valley of the White Nile. See Illust. (l.) of
Beak.

SHOEBLACK
Shoe"black`, n.

Defn: One who polishes shoes.

SHOEFLY
Shoe"fly`, n.

1. (Railroading) A contrivance for throwing the track temporarily to
one side for  convenience in filling washouts or effecting other
repairs. [Cant, U. S.]

2.  (Print.) In some cylinder presses, a device with long fingers for
freeing the sheet from the cylinder.

SHOEHORN; SHOEING-HORN
Shoe"horn`, Shoe"ing-horn`, n.

1. A curved piece of polished horn, wood, or metal used to facilitate
the entrance of the foot into a shoe.

2. Figuratively:
(a) Anything by which a transaction is facilitated; a medium; -- by
way of contempt. Spectator.
(b) Anything which draws on or allures; an inducement. [Low] Beau &
Fl.

SHOELESS
Shoe"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of shoes. Addison.

SHOEMAKER
Shoe"mak`er, n.

1. One whose occupation it is to make shoes and boots.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The threadfish.
(b) The runner, 12.

SHOEMAKING
Shoe"mak`ing, n.

Defn: The business of a shoemaker.

SHOER
Sho"er, n.

Defn: One who fits shoes to the feet; one who furnishes or puts on
shoes; as, a shoer of horses.

SHOG
Shog, n. Etym: [See Shock a striking.]

Defn: A shock; a jog; a violent concussion or impulse. [R. or Scot.]

SHOG
Shog, v. t.

Defn: To shake; to shock. [R. or Scot.]

SHOG
Shog, v. i. Etym: [Cf. W. ysgogi to wag, to stir. Cf. Jog.]

Defn: To jog; to move on. [R. or Scot.] Beau & Fl.

SHOGGLE
Shog"gle, v. t. Etym: [See Shog, Joggle.]

Defn: To joggle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Pegge.

SHOGUN
Sho"gun, n. Etym: [Chin. tsiang kiÜn commander in chief.]

Defn: A title originally conferred by the Mikado on the military
governor of the eastern provinces of Japan. By gradual usurpation of
power the Shoguns (known to foreigners as Tycoons) became finally the
virtual rulers of Japan. The title was abolished in 1867. [Written
variously, Shiogun, Shiogoon, etc.]

SHOGUNATE
Sho*gun"ate, n.

Defn: The office or dignity of a Shogun. [Written also Siogoonate.]

SHOLA
Sho"la, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Sola.

SHOLE
Shole, n.

Defn: A plank fixed beneath an object, as beneath the rudder of a
vessel, to protect it from injury; a plank on the ground under the
end of a shore or the like.

SHOLE
Shole, n.

Defn: See Shoal. [Obs.]

SHONDE
Shonde, n. Etym: [AS. sceond. Cf. Shend.]

Defn: Harm; disgrace; shame. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SHONE
Shone,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Shine.

SHOO
Shoo, interj. Etym: [Cf. G. scheuchen to scare, drive away.]

Defn: Begone; away; -- an expression used in frightening away
animals, especially fowls.

SHOOI
Sho"oi, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Richardson's skua (Stercorarius parasiticus);- so called
from its cry. [Prov. Eng.]

SHOOK
Shook,

Defn: imp. & obs. or poet. p. p. of Shake.

SHOOK
Shook, n. Etym: [Cf. Shock a bundle of sheaves.] (Com.)
(a) A set of staves and headings sufficient in number for one
hogshead, cask, barrel, or the like, trimmed, and bound together in
compact form.
(b) A set of boards for a sugar box.
(c) The parts of a piece of house furniture, as a bedstead, packed
together.

SHOOK
Shook, v. t.

Defn: To pack, as staves, in a shook.

SHOON
Shoon, n.,

Defn: pl. of Shoe. [Archaic] Chaucer.
They shook the snow from hats and shoon. Emerson.

SHOOP
Shoop, obs.

Defn: imp. of Shape. Shaped. Chaucer.

SHOOT
Shoot, n. Etym: [F. chute. See Chute. Confused with shoot to let
fly.]

Defn: An inclined plane, either artificial or natural, down which
timber, coal, etc., are caused to slide; also, a narrow passage,
either natural or artificial, in a stream, where the water rushes
rapidly; esp., a channel, having a swift current, connecting the ends
of a bend in the stream, so as to shorten the course. [Written also
chute, and shute.] [U. S.] To take a shoot, to pass through a shoot
instead of the main channel; to take the most direct course. [U.S.]

SHOOT
Shoot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shot; p. pr. & vb. n. Shooting. The old
participle Shotten is obsolete. See Shotten.] Etym: [OE. shotien,
schotien, AS. scotian, v. i., sceótan; akin to D. schieten, G. schie,
OHG. sciozan, Icel. skj, Sw. skjuta, Dan. skyde; cf. Skr. skund to
jump. sq. root159. Cf. Scot a contribution, Scout to reject, Scud,
Scuttle, v. i., Shot, Sheet, Shut, Shuttle, Skittish, Skittles.]

1. To let fly, or cause to be driven, with force, as an arrow or a
bullet; -- followed by a word denoting the missile, as an object.
If you please To shoot an arrow that self way. Shak.

2. To discharge, causing a missile to be driven forth; -- followed by
a word denoting the weapon or instrument, as an object; -- often with
off; as, to shoot a gun.
The two ends od a bow, shot off, fly from one another. Boyle.

3. To strike with anything shot; to hit with a missile; often, to
kill or wound with a firearm; -- followed by a word denoting the
person or thing hit, as an object.
When Roger shot the hawk hovering over his master's dove house. A.
Tucker.

4. To send out or forth, especially with a rapid or sudden motion; to
cast with the hand; to hurl; to discharge; to emit.
An honest weaver as ever shot shuttle. Beau & Fl.
A pit into which the dead carts had nightly shot corpses by scores.
Macaulay.

5. To push or thrust forward; to project; to protrude; -- often with
out; as, a plant shoots out a bud.
They shoot out the lip, they shake the head. Ps. xxii. 7.
Beware the secret snake that shoots a sting. Dryden.

6. (Carp.)

Defn: To plane straight; to fit by planing.
Two pieces of wood that are shot, that is, planed or else pared with
a paring chisel. Moxon.

7. To pass rapidly through, over, or under; as, to shoot a rapid or a
bridge; to shoot a sand bar.
She . . . shoots the Stygian sound. Dryden.

8. To variegate as if by sprinkling or intermingling; to color in
spots or patches.
The tangled water courses slept, Shot over with purple, and green,
and yellow. Tennyson.
To be shot of, to be discharged, cleared, or rid of. [Colloq.] "Are
you not glad to be shot of him" Sir W. Scott.

SHOOT
Shoot, v. i.

1. To cause an engine or weapon to discharge a missile; -- said of a
person or an agent; as, they shot at a target; he shoots better than
he rides.
The archers have . . . shot at him. Gen. xlix. 23.

2. To discharge a missile; -- said of an engine or instrument; as,
the gun shoots well.

3. To be shot or propelled forcibly; -- said of a missile; to be
emitted or driven; to move or extend swiftly, as if propelled; as, a
shooting star.
There shot a streaming lamp along the sky. Dryden.

4. To penetrate, as a missile; to dart with a piercing sensation; as,
shooting pains.
Thy words shoot through my heart. Addison.

5. To feel a quick, darting pain; to throb in pain.
These preachers make His head to shoot and ache. Herbert.

6. To germinate; to bud; to sprout.
Onions, as they hang, will shoot forth. Bacon.
But the wild olive shoots, and shades the ungrateful plain. Dryden.

7. To grow; to advance; as, to shoot up rapidly.
Well shot in years he seemed. Spenser.
Delightful task! to rear the tender thought, To teach the young idea
how to shoot. Thomson.

8. To change form suddenly; especially, to solidify.
If the menstruum be overcharged, metals will shoot into crystals.
Bacon.

9. To protrude; to jut; to project; to extend; as, the land shoots
into a promontory.
There shot up against the dark sky, tall, gaunt, straggling houses.
Dickens.

10. (Naut.)

Defn: To move ahead by force of momentum, as a sailing vessel when
the helm is put hard alee. To shoot ahead, to pass or move quickly
forward; to outstrip others.

SHOOT
Shoot, n.

1. The act of shooting; the discharge of a missile; a shot; as, the
shoot of a shuttle.
The Turkish bow giveth a very forcible shoot. Bacon.
One underneath his horse to get a shoot doth stalk. Drayton.

2. A young branch or growth.
Superfluous branches and shoots of this second spring. Evelyn.

3. A rush of water; a rapid.

4. (Min.)

Defn: A vein of ore running in the same general direction as the
lode. Knight.

5. (Weaving)

Defn: A weft thread shot through the shed by the shuttle; a pick.

6. Etym: [Perh. a different word.]

Defn: A shoat; a young hog.

SHOOTER
Shoot"er, n.

1. One who shoots, as an archer or a gunner.

2. That which shoots. Specifically:
(a) A firearm; as, a five-shooter. [Colloq. U.S.]
(b) A shooting star. [R.]

SHOOTING
Shoot"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, shoots; as, the shooting of an
archery club; the shooting of rays of light.

2. A wounding or killing with a firearm; specifically (Sporting), the
killing of game; as, a week of shooting.

3. A sensation of darting pain; as, a shooting in one's head.

SHOOTING
Shoot"ing, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to shooting; for shooting; darting. Shooting
board (Joinery), a fixture used in planing or shooting the edge of a
board, by means of which the plane is guided and the board held true.
 -- Shooting box, a small house in the country for use in the
shooting season. Prof. Wilson.
 -- Shooting gallery, a range, usually covered, with targets for
practice with firearms.
 -- Shooting iron, a firearm. [Slang, U.S.] -- Shooting star. (a)
(Astron.) A starlike, luminous meteor, that, appearing suddenly,
darts quickly across some portion of the sky, and then as suddenly
disappears, leaving sometimes, for a few seconds, a luminous train, -
- called also falling star. Shooting stars are small cosmical bodies
which encounter the earth in its annual revolution, and which become
visible by coming with planetary velocity into the upper regions of
the atmosphere. At certain periods, as on the 13th of November and
10th of August, they appear for a few hours in great numbers,
apparently diverging from some point in the heavens, such displays
being known as meteoric showers, or star showers. These bodies,
before encountering the earth, were moving in orbits closely allied
to the orbits of comets. See Leonids, Perseids. (b) (Bot.) The
American cowslip (Dodecatheon Meadia). See under Cowslip.
 -- Shooting stick (Print.), a tapering piece of wood or iron, used
by printers to drive up the quoins in the chase. Hansard.

SHOOTY
Shoot"y, a.

Defn: Sprouting or coming up freely and regularly. [Prev. Eng.]
Grose.

SHOP
Shop, obs.

Defn: imp. of Shape. Shaped. Chaucer.

SHOP
Shop, n. Etym: [OE. shoppe, schoppe, AS. sceoppa a treasury, a
storehouse, stall, booth; akin to scypen a shed, LG. schup a shed, G.
schoppen, schuppen, a shed, a coachhouse, OHG. scopf.]

1. A building or an apartment in which goods, wares, drugs, etc., are
sold by retail.
From shop to shop Wandering, and littering with unfolded silks The
polished counter. Cowper.

2. A building in which mechanics or artisans work; as, a shoe shop; a
car shop.
A tailor called me in his shop. Shak.

Note: Shop is often used adjectively or in composition; as, shop
rent, or shop-rent; shop thief, or shop-thief; shop window, or shop-
window, etc. To smell of the shop, to indicate too distinctively
one's occupation or profession.
 -- To talk shop, to make one's business the topic of social
conversation; also, to use the phrases peculiar to one's employment.
[Colloq.]

Syn.
 -- Store; warehouse. See Store.

SHOP
Shop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shopped; p. pr. & vb. n. Shopping.]

Defn: To visit shops for the purpose of purchasing goods.
He was engaged with his mother and some ladies to go shopping. Byron.

SHOPBOARD
Shop"board`, n.

Defn: A bench or board on which work is performed; a workbench.
South.

SHOPBOOK
Shop"book`, n.

Defn: A book in which a tradesman keeps his accounts. Locke.

SHOPBOY
Shop"boy`, n.

Defn: A boy employed in a shop.

SHOPEN
Sho"pen, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Shape. Chaucer.

SHOPGIRL
Shop"girl`, n.

Defn: A girl employed in a shop.

SHOPKEEPER
Shop"keep`er, n.

Defn: A trader who sells goods in a shop, or by retail; -- in
distinction from one who sells by wholesale. Addison.

SHOPLIFTER
Shop"lift`er, n. Etym: [Shop + lift. See Lift to steal.]

Defn: One who steals anything in a shop, or takes goods privately
from a shop; one who, under pretense of buying goods, takes occasion
to steal.

SHOPLIFTING
Shop"lift`ing, n.

Defn: Larceny committed in a shop; the stealing of anything from a
shop.

SHOPLIKE
Shop"like`, a.

Defn: Suiting a shop; vulgar. B. Jonson.

SHOPMAID
Shop"maid`, n.

Defn: A shopgirl.

SHOPMAN
Shop"man, n.; pl. Shopmen (.

1. A shopkeeper; a retailer. Dryden.

2. One who serves in a shop; a salesman.

3. One who works in a shop or a factory.

SHOPPER
Shop"per, n.

Defn: One who shops.

SHOPPISH
Shop"pish, a.

Defn: Having the appearance or qualities of a shopkeeper, or shopman.

SHOPPY
Shop"py, a.

1. Abounding with shops. [Colloq.]

2. Of or pertaining to shops, or one's own shop or business; as,
shoppy talk. [Colloq.] Mrs. Gaskell.

SHOPSHIFT
Shop"shift`, n.

Defn: The trick of a shopkeeper; deception. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SHOPWALKER
Shop"walk`er, n.

Defn: One who walks about in a shop as an overseer and director. Cf.
Floorwalker.

SHOPWOMAN
Shop"wom`an, n.; pl. Shopwomen (.

Defn: A woman employed in a shop.

SHOPWORN
Shop"worn`, a.

Defn: Somewhat worn or damaged by having been kept for a time in a
shop.

SHORAGE
Shor"age, n.

Defn: Duty paid for goods brought on shore. Grabb.

SHORE
Shore,

Defn: imp. of Shear. Chaucer.

SHORE
Shore, n.

Defn: A sewer. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SHORE
Shore, n. Etym: [OE. schore; akin to LG. schore, D. schoor, OD.
schoore, Icel. skor, and perhaps to E. shear, as being a piece cut
off.]

Defn: A prop, as a timber, placed as a brace or support against the
side of a building or other structure; a prop placed beneath
anything, as a beam, to prevent it from sinking or sagging. [Written
also shoar.]

SHORE
Shore, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shored; p. pr. & vb. n. Shoring.] Etym:
[OE. schoren. See Shore a prop.]

Defn: To support by a shore or shores; to prop; -- usually with up;
as, to shore up a building.

SHORE
Shore, n. Etym: [OE. schore, AS. score, probably fr. scieran, and so
meaning properly, that which is shorn off, edge; akin to OD. schoore,
schoor. See Shear, v. t.]

Defn: The coast or land adjacent to a large body of water, as an
ocean, lake, or large river.
Michael Cassio, Lieutenant to the warlike Moor Othello, Is come
shore. Shak.
The fruitful shore of muddy Nile. Spenser.
In shore, near the shore. Marryat.
 -- On shore. See under On.
 -- Shore birds (Zoöl.), a collective name for the various limicoline
birds found on the seashore.
 -- Shore crab (Zoöl.), any crab found on the beaches, or between
tides, especially any one of various species of grapsoid crabs, as
Heterograpsus nudus of California.
 -- Shore lark (Zoöl.), a small American lark (Otocoris alpestris)
found in winter, both on the seacoast and on the Western plains. Its
upper parts are varied with dark brown and light brown. It has a
yellow throat, yellow local streaks, a black crescent on its breast,
a black streak below each eye, and two small black erectile ear
tufts. Called also horned lark.
 -- Shore plover (Zoöl.), a large-billed Australian plover (Esacus
magnirostris). It lives on the seashore, and feeds on crustaceans,
etc.
 -- Shore teetan (Zoöl.), the rock pipit (Anthus obscurus). [Prov.
Eng.]

SHORE
Shore, v. t.

Defn: To set on shore. [Obs.] Shak.

SHORELESS
Shore"less, a.

Defn: Having no shore or coast; of indefinite or unlimited extent;
as, a shoreless ocean. Young.

SHORELING
Shore"ling, n.

Defn: See Shorling.

SHORER
Shor"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, shores or props; a prop; a shore.

SHOREWARD
Shore"ward, adv.

Defn: Toward the shore.

SHORING
Shor"ing, n.

1. The act of supporting or strengthening with a prop or shore.

2. A system of props; props, collectively.

SHORL; SHORLACEOUS
Shorl, n., Shor*la"ceous (,a. (Min.)

Defn: See Schorl, Schorlaceous.

SHORLING
Shor"ling, n.

1. The skin of a sheen after the fleece is shorn off, as distinct
from the morling, or skin taken from the dead sheep; also, a sheep of
the first year's shearing. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A person who is shorn; a shaveling; hence, in contempt, a priest.
[Obs.] Halliwell.

SHORN
Shorn (,

Defn: p. p. of Shear.

SHORT
Short, a. [Compar. Shorter; superl. Shortest.] Etym: [OE. short,
schort, AS. scort, sceort; akin to OHG. scurz, Icel. skorta to be
short of, to lack, and perhaps to E. shear, v. t. Cf. Shirt.]

1. Not long; having brief length or linear extension; as, a short
distance; a short piece of timber; a short flight.
The bed is shorter than that a man can stretch himself on it. Isa.
xxviii. 20.

2. Not extended in time; having very limited duration; not
protracted; as, short breath.
The life so short, the craft so long to learn. Chaucer.
To short absense I could yield. Milton.

3. Limited in quantity; inadequate; insufficient; scanty; as, a short
supply of provisions, or of water.

4. Insufficiently provided; inadequately supplied; scantily
furnished; lacking; not coming up to a resonable, or the ordinary,
standard; -- usually with of; as, to be short of money.
We shall be short in our provision. Shak.

5. Deficient; defective; imperfect; not coming up, as to a measure or
standard; as, an account which is short of the trith.

6. Not distant in time; near at hand.
Marinell was sore offended That his departure thence should be so
short. Spenser.
He commanded those who were appointed to attend him to be ready by a
short day. Clarendon.

7. Limited in intellectual power or grasp; not comprehensive; narrow;
not tenacious, as memory.
Their own short understandings reach No farther than the present.
Rowe.

8. Less important, efficaceous, or powerful; not equal or equivalent;
less (than); -- with of.
Hardly anything short of an invasion could rouse them again to war.
Landor.

9. Abrupt; brief; pointed; petulant; as, he gave a short answer to
the question.

10. (Cookery)

Defn: Breaking or crumbling readily in the mouth; crisp; as, short
pastry.

11. (Metal)

Defn: Brittle.

Note: Metals that are brittle when hot are called ; as, cast iron may
be hot-short, owing to the presence of sulphur. Those that are
brittle when cold are called cold-short; as, cast iron may be cold-
short, on account of the presence of phosphorus.

12. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: Engaging or engaged to deliver what is not possessed; as, short
contracts; to be short of stock. See The shorts, under Short, n., and
To sell short, under Short, adv.

Note: In mercantile transactions, a note or bill is sometimes made
payable at short sight, that is, in a little time after being
presented to the payer.

13. (Phon.)

Defn: Not prolonged, or relatively less prolonged, in utterance; --
opposed to long, and applied to vowels or to syllables. In English,
the long and short of the same letter are not, in most cases, the
long and short of the same sound; thus, the i in ill is the short
sound, not of i in isle, but of ee in eel, and the e in pet is the
short sound of a in pate, etc. See Quantity, and Guide to
Pronunciation, §§22, 30.

Note: Short is much used with participles to form numerous self-
explaining compounds; as, short-armed, short-billed, short-fingered,
short-haired, short-necked, short-sleeved, short-tailed, short-
winged, short-wooled, etc. At short notice, in a brief time;
promptly.
 -- Short rib (Anat.), one of the false ribs.
 -- Short suit (Whist), any suit having only three cards, or less
than three. R. A. Proctor.
 -- To come short, To cut short, To fall short, etc. See under Come,
Cut, etc.

SHORT
Short, n.

1. A summary account.
The short and the long is, our play is preferred. Shak.

2. pl.

Defn: The part of milled grain sifted out which is next finer than
the bran.
The first remove above bran is shorts. Halliwell.

3. pl.

Defn: Short, inferior hemp.

4. pl.

Defn: Breeches; shortclothes. [Slang] Dickens.

5. (Phonetics)

Defn: A short sound, syllable, or vowel.
If we compare the nearest conventional shorts and longs in English,
as in "bit" and "beat," "not" and "naught," we find that the short
vowels are generally wide, the long narrow, besides being generally
diphthongic as well. Hence, originally short vowels can be lengthened
and yet kept quite distinct from the original longs. H. Sweet.
In short, in few words; in brief; briefly.
 -- The long and the short, the whole; a brief summing up.
 -- The shorts (Stock Exchange), those who are unsupplied with stocks
which they contracted to deliver.

SHORT
Short, adv.

Defn: In a short manner; briefly; limitedly; abruptly; quickly; as,
to stop short in one's course; to turn short.
He was taken up very short, and adjudged corrigible for such
presumptuous language. Howell.
To sell short (Stock Exchange), to sell, for future delivery, what
the party selling does not own, but hopes to buy at a lower rate.

SHORT
Short, v. t. Etym: [AS. sceortian.]

Defn: To shorten. [Obs.]

SHORT
Short, v. i.

Defn: To fail; to decrease. [Obs.]

SHORTAGE
Short"age, n.

Defn: Amount or extent of deficiency, as determined by some
requirement or standard; as, a shortage in money accounts.

SHORT-BREATHED
Short"-breathed`, a.

1. Having short-breath, or quick respiration.

2. Having short life.

SHORTCAKE
Short"cake`, n.

Defn: An unsweetened breakfast cake shortened with butter or lard,
rolled thin, and baked.

SHORT CIRCUIT
Short" cir"cuit. (Elec.)

Defn: A circuit formed or closed by a conductor of relatively low
resistance because shorter or of relatively great conductivity.

SHORT-CIRCUIT
Short"-cir`cuit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Short-circuited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Short-circuiting.] (Elec.)

Defn: To join, as the electrodes of a battery or dynamo or any two
points of a circuit, by a conductor of low resistance.

SHORTCLOTHES
Short"clothes`, n.

Defn: Coverings for the legs of men or boys, consisting of trousers
which reach only to the knees, -- worn with long stockings.

SHORTCOMING
Short"com`ing, n.

Defn: The act of falling, or coming short; as:
(a) The failure of a crop, or the like.
(b) Neglect of, or failure in, performance of duty.

SHORT-DATED
Short"-dat`ed, a.

Defn: Having little time to run from the date. "Thy short-dated
life." Sandys.

SHORTEN
Short"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shortened ; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shortening.] Etym: [See Short, a.]

1. To make short or shorter in measure, extent, or time; as, to
shorten distance; to shorten a road; to shorten days of calamity.

2. To reduce or diminish in amount, quantity, or extent; to lessen;
to abridge; to curtail; to contract; as, to shorten work, an
allowance of food, etc.
Here, where the subject is so fruitful, I am shortened by my chain.
Dryden.

3. To make deficient (as to); to deprive; -- with of.
Spoiled of his nose, and shortened of his ears. Dryden.

4. To make short or friable, as pastry, with butter, lard, pot
liquor, or the like. To shorten a rope (Naut.), to take in the slack
of it.
 -- To shorten sail (Naut.), to reduce sail by taking it in.

SHORTEN
Short"en, v. i.

Defn: To become short or shorter; as, the day shortens in northern
latitudes from June to December; a metallic rod shortens by cold.

SHORTENER
Short"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, shortens.

SHORTENING
Short"en*ing, n.

1. The act of making or becoming short or shorter.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: That which renders pastry short or friable, as butter, lard,
etc.

SHORTHAND
Short"hand`, n.

Defn: A compendious and rapid method or writing by substituting
characters, abbreviations, or symbols, for letters, words, etc.;
short writing; stenography. See Illust. under Phonography.

SHORT-HANDED
Short`-hand"ed, a.

Defn: Short of, or lacking the regular number of, servants or
helpers.

SHORTHEAD
Short"head`, n.

Defn: A sucking whale less than one year old; -- so called by
sailors.

SHORTHORN
Short"horn`, a.

Defn: One of a breed of large, heavy domestic cattle having short
horns. The breed was developed in England.

SHORT-JOINTED
Short"-joint`ed, a.

Defn: Having short intervals between the joints; -- said of a plant
or an animal, especially of a horse whose pastern is too short.

SHORT-LIVED
Short"-lived`, a.

Defn: Not living or lasting long; being of short continuance; as, a
short-lived race of beings; short-lived pleasure; short-lived
passion.

SHORTLY
Short"ly, adv. Etym: [AS. sceortlice.]

1. In a short or brief time or manner; soon; quickly. Chaucer.
I shall grow jealous of you shortly. Shak.
The armies came shortly in view of each other. Clarendon.

2. In few words; briefly; abruptly; curtly; as, to express ideas more
shortly in verse than in prose.

SHORTNESS
Short"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being short; want of reach or
extension; brevity; deficiency; as, the shortness of a journey; the
shortness of the days in winter; the shortness of an essay; the
shortness of the memory; a shortness of provisions; shortness of
breath.

SHORTSIGHTED
Short"sight`ed, a.

1. Not able to see far; nearsighted; myopic. See Myopic, and Myopia.

2. Fig.: Not able to look far into futurity; unable to understand
things deep; of limited intellect.

3. Having little regard for the future; heedless.
 -- Short"sight`ed*ly, adv.
 -- Short"sight`ed*ness, n.
Cunning is a kind of shortsightedness. Addison.

SHORT-SPOKEN
Short"-spo`ken, a.

Defn: Speaking in a quick or short manner; hence, gruff; curt.
[Colloq.]

SHORTSTOP
Short"stop`, n. (Baseball)

Defn: The player stationed in the field bewtween the second and third
bases.

SHORT-WAISTED
Short"-waist`ed, a.

Defn: Having a short waist.

SHORT-WINDED
Short"-wind`ed, a.

Defn: Affected with shortness of breath; having a quick, difficult
respiration, as dyspnoic and asthmatic persons. May.

SHORTWING
Short"wing`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small wrenlike Asiatic birds
having short wings and a short tail. They belong to Brachypterix,
Callene, and allied genera.

SHORT-WITED
Short"-wit`ed, a.

Defn: Having little wit; not wise; having scanty intellect or
judgment.

SHORY
Shor"y, a.

Defn: Lying near the shore. [Obs.]

SHOSHONES
Sho*sho"nes, n. pl.; sing. Shoshone (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A linguistic family or stock of North American Indians,
comprising many tribes, which extends from Montana and Idaho into
Mexico. In a restricted sense the name is applied especially to the
Snakes, the most northern of the tribes.

SHOT
Shot,

Defn: imp. & p. p. Shoot.

SHOT
Shot, a.

Defn: Woven in such a way as to produce an effect of variegation, of
changeable tints, or of being figured; as, shot silks. See Shoot, v.
t., 8.

SHOT
Shot, n. Etym: [AS. scot, sceot, fr. sceótan to shoot; akin to D.
sschot, Icel. skot. sq. root159. See Scot a share, Shoot, v. t., and
cf. Shot a shooting.]

Defn: A share or proportion; a reckoning; a scot.
Here no shots are where all shares be. Chapman.
A man is never . . . welcome to a place till some certain shot be
paid and the hostess say "Welcome." Shak.

SHOT
Shot, n.; pl. Shotor Shots. Etym: [OE. shot, schot, AS. gesceot a
missile; akin to D. schot a shot, shoot, G. schuss, geschoss a
missile, Icel. skot a throwing, a javelin, and E. shoot, v.t. sq.
root159. See Shoot, and cf. Shot a share.]

1. The act of shooting; discharge of a firearm or other weapon which
throws a missile.
He caused twenty shot of his greatest cannon to be made at the king's
army. Clarendon.

2. A missile weapon, particularly a ball or bullet; specifically,
whatever is discharged as a projectile from firearms or cannon by the
force of an explosive.

Note: Shot used in war is of various kinds, classified according to
the material of which it is composed, into lead, wrought-iron, and
cast-iron; according to form, into spherical and oblong; according to
structure and modes of operation, into solid, hollow, and case. See
Bar shot, Chain shot, etc., under Bar, Chain, etc.

3. Small globular masses of lead, of various sizes, -- used chiefly
for killing game; as, bird shot; buckshot.

4. The flight of a missile, or the distance which it is, or can be,
thrown; as, the vessel was distant more than a cannon shot.

5. A marksman; one who practices shooting; as, an exellent shot. Shot
belt, a belt having a pouch or compartment for carrying shot.
 -- Shot cartridge, a cartridge containing powder and small shot,
forming a charge for a shotgun.
 -- Shot garland (Naut.), a wooden frame to contain shot, secured to
the coamings and ledges round the hatchways of a ship.
 -- Shot gauge, an instrument for measuring the diameter of round
shot. Totten.
 -- shot hole, a hole made by a shot or bullet discharged.
 -- Shot locker (Naut.), a strongly framed compartment in the hold of
a vessel, for containing shot.
 -- Shot of a cable (Naut.), the splicing of two or more cables
together, or the whole length of the cables thus united.
 -- Shot prop (Naut.), a wooden prop covered with tarred hemp, to
stop a hole made by the shot of an enemy in a ship's side.
 -- Shot tower, a lofty tower for making shot, by dropping from its
summit melted lead in slender streams. The lead forms spherical drops
which cool in the descent, and are received in water or other liquid.
 -- Shot window, a window projecting from the wall. Ritson, quoted by
Halliwell, explains it as a window that opens and shuts; and Wodrow
describes it as a window of shutters made of timber and a few inches
of glass above them.

SHOT
Shot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Shotting.]

Defn: To load with shot, as a gun. Totten.

SHOT-CLOG
Shot"-clog`, n.

Defn: A person tolerated only because he pays the shot, or reckoning,
for the rest of the company, otherwise a mere clog on them. [Old
Slang]
Thou common shot-clog, gull of all companies. Chapman.

SHOTE
Shote, n. Etym: [AS. sceóta a darting fish, a trout, fr. sceótan. See
Shoot, v. t.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish resembling the trout. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Garew.

2. Etym: [Perh. a different word.]

Defn: A young hog; a shoat.

SHOT-FREE
Shot"-free`, a.

Defn: Not to be injured by shot; shot-proof. [Obs.] Feltham.

SHOT-FREE
Shot"-free`, a.

Defn: Free from charge or expense; hence, unpunished; scot-free.
[Obs.] Shak.

SHOTGUN
Shot"gun`, n.

Defn: A light, smooth-bored gun, often double-barreled, especially
designed for firing small shot at short range, and killing small
game.

SHOT-PROOF
Shot"-proof`, a.

Defn: Impenetrable by shot.

SHOTS
Shots, n. pl.

Defn: The refuse of cattle taken from a drove. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

SHOT SAMPLES
Shot samples. (Metal.)

Defn: Samples taken for assay from  a molten metallic mass pouring a
portion into water, to granulate it.

SHOTTED
Shot"ted, a.

1. Loaded with shot.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Having a shot attached; as, a shotten suture.

SHOTTEN
Shot"ten, n. Etym: [Properly p. p. of shoot; AS. scoten, sceoten, p.
p. of sceótan.]

1. Having ejected the spawn; as, a shotten herring. Shak.

2. Shot out of its socket; dislocated, as a bone.

SHOUGH
Shough, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shockdog.

SHOUGH
Shough, interj.

Defn: See Shoo. Beau & Fl.

SHOULD
Should, imp. of Shall. Etym: [OE. sholde, shulde, scholde, schulde,
AS. scolde, sceolde. See Shall.]

Defn: Used as an auxiliary verb, to express a conditional or
contingent act or state, or as a supposition of an actual fact; also,
to express moral obligation (see Shall); e. g.: they should have come
last week; if I should go; I should think you could go. "You have
done that you should be sorry for." Shak.

Syn.
 -- See Ought.

SHOULDER
Shoul"der, n. Etym: [OE. shulder, shuldre, schutder, AS. sculdor;
akin to D. schoulder, G. schulter, OHG. scultarra, Dan. skulder, Sw.
skuldra.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The joint, or the region of the joint, by which the fore limb
is connected with the body or with the shoulder girdle; the
projection formed by the bones and muscles about that joint.

2. The flesh and muscles connected with the shoulder joint; the upper
part of the back; that part of the human frame on which it is most
easy to carry a heavy burden; -- often used in the plural.
Then by main force pulled up, and on his shoulders bore The gates of
Azza. Milton.
Adown her shoulders fell her length of hair. Dryden.

3. Fig.: That which supports or sustains; support.
In thy shoulder do I build my seat. Shak.

4. That which resembles a human shoulder, as any protuberance or
projection from the body of a thing.
The north western shoulder of the mountain. Sir W. Scott.

5. The upper joint of the fore leg and adjacent parts of an animal,
dressed for market; as, a shoulder of mutton.

6. (Fort.)

Defn: The angle of a bastion included between the face and flank. See
Illust. of Bastion.

7. An abrupt projection which forms an abutment on an object, or
limits motion, etc., as the projection around a tenon at the end of a
piece of timber, the part of the top of a type which projects beyond
the base of the raised character, etc. Shoulder belt, a belt that
passes across the shoulder.
 -- Shoulder blade (Anat.), the flat bone of the shoulder, to which
the humerus is articulated; the scapula.
 -- Shoulder block (Naut.), a block with a projection, or shoulder,
near the upper end, so that it can rest against a spar without
jamming the rope.
 -- Shoulder clapper, one who claps another on the shoulder, or who
uses great familiarity. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- Shoulder girdle. (Anat.) See Pectoral girdle, under Pectoral.
 -- Shoulder knot, an ornamental knot of ribbon or lace worn on the
shoulder; a kind of epaulet or braided ornament worn as part of a
military uniform.
 -- Shoulder-of-mutton sail (Naut.), a triangular sail carried on a
boat's mast; -- so called from its shape.
 -- Shoulder slip, dislocation of the shoulder, or of the humerous.
Swift.
 -- Shoulder strap, a strap worn on or over the shoulder.
Specifically (Mil. & Naval), a narrow strap worn on the shoulder of a
commissioned officer, indicating, by a suitable device, the rank he
holds in the service. See Illust. in App.

SHOULDER
Shoul"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shouldered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shouldering.]

1. To push or thrust with the shoulder; to push with violence; to
jostle.
As they the earth would shoulder from her seat. Spenser.
Around her numberless the rabble flowed, Shouldering each other,
crowding for a view. Rowe.

2. To take upon the shoulder or shoulders; as, to shoulder a basket;
hence, to assume the burden or responsibility of; as, to shoulder
blame; to shoulder a debt.
As if Hercules Or burly Atlas shouldered up their state. Marston.
Right shoulder arms (Mil.), a position in the Manual of Arms which
the piece is placed on the right shoulder, with the lock plate up,
and the muzzle elevated and inclined to the left, and held as in the
illustration.

SHOULDERED
Shoul"dered, a.

Defn: Having shoulders; -- used in composition; as, a broad-
shouldered man. "He was short-shouldered." Chaucer.

SHOULDER-SHOTTEN
Shoul"der-shot`ten, a.

Defn: Sprained in the shoulder, as a horse. Shak.

SHOUT
Shout, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Shouting.] Etym:
[OE. shouten, of unknown origin; perhaps akin to shoot; cf. Icel. sk,
sk, a taunt.]

Defn: To utter a sudden and loud outcry, as in joy, triumph, or
exultation, or to attract attention, to animate soldiers, etc.
Shouting of the men and women eke. Chaucer.
They shouted thrice: what was the last cry for Shak.
To shout at, to utter shouts at; to deride or revile with shouts.

SHOUT
Shout, v. t.

1. To utter with a shout; to cry; -- sometimes with out; as, to
shout, or to shout out, a man's name.

2. To treat with shouts or clamor. Bp. Hall.

SHOUT
Shout, n.

Defn: A loud burst of voice or voices; a vehement and sudden outcry,
especially of a multitudes expressing joy, triumph, exultation, or
animated courage.
The Rhodians, seeing the enemy turn their backs, gave a great shout
in derision. Knolles.

SHOUTER
Shout"er, n.

Defn: One who shouts.

SHOVE
Shove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shoved; p. pr. & vb. n. Shoving.] Etym:
[OE. shoven, AS. scofian, fr. sc; akin to OFries. sk, D. schuiven, G.
schieben, OHG. scioban, Icel. sk, sk, Sw. skuffa, Dan. skuffe, Goth.
afskiuban to put away, cast away; cf. Skr. kshubh to become agitated,
to quake, Lith. skubrus quick, skubinti to hasten. sq. root160. Cf.
Sheaf a bundle of stalks, Scoop, Scuffle.]

1. To drive along by the direct and continuous application of
strength; to push; especially, to push (a body) so as to make it move
along the surface of another body; as, to shove a boat on the water;
to shove a table across the floor.

2. To push along, aside, or away, in a careless or rude manner; to
jostle.
And shove away the worthy bidden guest. Milton.
He used to shove and elbow his fellow servants. Arbuthnot.

SHOVE
Shove, v. i.

1. To push or drive forward; to move onward by pushing or jostling.

2. To move off or along by an act pushing, as with an oar a pole used
by one in a boat; sometimes with off.
He grasped the oar,shoved from shore. Garth.

SHOVE
Shove, n.

Defn: The act of shoving; a forcible push.
I rested . . . and then gave the boat another shove. Swift.

Syn.
 -- See Thrust.

SHOVE
Shove, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Shove. Chaucer.

SHOVEBOARD; SHOVEGROAT
Shove"board`, Shove"groat`, n.

Defn: The same as Shovelboard.

SHOVEL
Shov"el, n. Etym: [OE. shovele, schovele, AS. scoft, sceoft; akin to
D. schoffel, G. schaufel, OHG. sc, Dan. skovl, Sw. skofvel, skyffel,
and to E. shove. sq. root160. See Shove, v. t.]

Defn: An implement consisting of a broad scoop, or more or less
hollow blade, with a handle, used for lifting and throwing earth,
coal, grain, or other loose substances. Shovel hat, a broad-brimmed
hat, turned up at the sides, and projecting in front like a shovel, -
- worn by some clergy of the English Church. [Colloq.] -- Shovelspur
(Zoöl.), a flat, horny process on the tarsus of some toads, -- used
in burrowing.
 -- Steam shovel, a machine with a scoop or scoops, operated by a
steam engine, for excavating earth, as in making railway cuttings.

SHOVEL
Shov"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shoveled or Shovelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shoveling or Shovelling.]

1. To take up and throw with a shovel; as, to shovel earth into a
heap, or into a cart, or out of a pit.

2. To gather up as with a shovel.

SHOVELARD
Shov"el*ard, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Shoveler. [Prov. Eng.]

SHOVELBILL
Shov"el*bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The shoveler.

SHOVELBOARD
Shov"el*board`, n.

1. A board on which a game is played, by pushing or driving pieces of
metal or money to reach certain marks; also, the game itself. Called
also shuffleboard, shoveboard, shovegroat, shovelpenny.

2. A game played on board ship in which the aim is to shove or drive
with a cue wooden disks into divisions chalked on the deck; -- called
also shuffleboard.

SHOVELER
Shov"el*er, n. Etym: [Also shoveller.]

1. One who, or that which, shovels.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A river duck (Spatula clypeata), native of Europe and America.
It has a large bill, broadest towards the tip. The male is handsomely
variegated with green, blue, brown, black, and white on the body; the
head and neck are dark green. Called also broadbill, spoonbill,
shovelbill, and maiden duck. The Australian shoveler, or shovel-nosed
duck (S. rhynchotis), is a similar species.

SHOVELFUL
Shov"el*ful, n.; pl. Shovelfuls (.

Defn: As much as a shovel will hold; enough to fill a shovel.

SHOVELHEAD
Shov"el*head`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shark (Sphryna tiburio) allied to the hammerhead, and native
of the warmer parts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans; -- called
also bonnet shark.

SHOVELNOSE
Shov"el*nose`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The common sand shark. See under Snad.
(b) A small California shark (Heptranchias maculatus), which is taken
for its oil.
(c) A Pacific Ocean shark (Hexanchus corinus).
(d) A ganoid fish of the Sturgeon family (Scaphirhynchus
platyrhynchus) of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers; -- called also
white sturgeon.

SHOVEL-NOSED
Shov"el-nosed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a broad, flat nose; as, the shovel-nosed duck, or
shoveler.

SHOVEN
Shov"en, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Shove. Chaucer.

SHOW
Show, v. t. [imp. Showed; p. p. Shown or Showed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Showing. It is sometimes written shew, shewed, shewn, shewing.] Etym:
[OE. schowen, shewen, schewen, shawen, AS. sceáwian, to look, see,
view; akin to OS. scaw, OFries. skawia, D. schouwen, OHG. scouw, G.
schauen, Dan. skue, Sw. sk, Icel. sko, Goth. usskawjan to waken,
skuggwa a mirror, Icel. skuggy shade, shadow, L. cavere to be on
one's guard, Gr. kavi wise. Cf. Caution, Scavenger, Sheen.]

1. To exhibit or present to view; to place in sight; to display; --
the thing exhibited being the object, and often with an indirect
object denoting the person or thing seeing or beholding; as, to show
a house; show your colors; shopkeepers show customers goods (show
goods to customers).
Go thy way, shew thyself to the priest. Matt. viii. 4.
Nor want we skill or art from whence to raise Magnificence; and what
can heaven show more Milton.

2. To exhibit to the mental view; to tell; to disclose; to reveal; to
make known; as, to show one's designs.
Shew them the way wherein they must walk. Ex. xviii. 20.
If it please my father to do thee evil, then I will shew it thee, and
send thee away. 1 Sam. xx. 13.

3. Specifically, to make known the way to (a person); hence, to
direct; to guide; to asher; to conduct; as, to show a person into a
parlor; to show one to the door.

4. To make apparent or clear, as by evidence, testimony, or
reasoning; to prove; to explain; also, to manifest; to evince; as, to
show the truth of a statement; to show the causes of an event.
I 'll show my duty by my timely care. Dryden.

5. To bestow; to confer; to afford; as, to show favor.
Shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me. Ex. xx. 6.
To show forth, to manifest; to publish; to proclaim.
 -- To show his paces, to exhibit the gait, speed, or the like; --
said especially of a horse.
 -- To show off, to exhibit ostentatiously.
 -- To show up, to expose. [Colloq.]

SHOW
Show, v. i. Etym: [Written also shew.]

1. To exhibit or manifest one's self or itself; to appear; to look;
to be in appearance; to seem.
Just such she shows before a rising storm. Dryden.
All round a hedge upshoots, and shows At distance like a little wood.
Tennyson.

2. To have a certain appearance, as well or ill, fit or unfit; to
become or suit; to appear.
My lord of York, it better showed with you. Shak.
To show off, to make a show; to display one's self.

SHOW
Show, n. Etym: [Formerly written also shew.]

1. The act of showing, or bringing to view; exposure to sight;
exhibition.

2. That which os shown, or brought to view; that which is arranged to
be seen; a spectacle; an exhibition; as, a traveling show; a cattle
show.
As for triumphs, masks, feasts, and such shows. Bacon.

3. Proud or ostentatious display; parade; pomp.
I envy none their pageantry and show. Young.

4. Semblance; likeness; appearance.
He through the midst unmarked, In show plebeian angel militant Of
lowest order, passed. Milton.

5. False semblance; deceitful appearance; pretense.
Beware of the scribes, . . . which devour widows' houses, and for a
shew make long prayers. Luke xx. 46. 47.

6. (Med.)

Defn: A discharge, from the vagina, of mucus streaked with blood,
occuring a short time before labor.

7. (Mining)

Defn: A pale blue flame, at the top of a candle flame, indicating the
presence of fire damp. Raymond. Show bill, a broad sheet containing
an advertisement in large letters.
 -- Show box, a box xontaining some object of curiosity carried round
as a show.
 -- Show card, an advertising placard; also, a card for displaying
samples.
 -- Show case, a gla -- Show glass, a glass which displays objects; a
mirror.
 -- Show of hands, a raising of hands to indicate judgment; as, the
vote was taken by a show of hands.
 -- Show stone, a piece of glass or crystal supposed to have the
property of exhibiting images of persons or things not present,
indicating in that way future events.

SHOWBREAD
Show"bread`, n. (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: Bread of exhibition; loaves to set before God; -- the term used
in translating the various phrases used in the Hebrew and Greek to
designate the loaves of bread which the priest of the week placed
before the Lord on the golden table in the sanctuary. They were made
of fine flour unleavened, and were changed every Sabbath. The loaves,
twelve in number, represented the twelve tribes of Israel. They were
to be eaten by the priests only, and in the Holy Place. [Written also
shewbread.] Mark ii. 26.

SHOWER
Show"er, n.

1. One who shows or exhibits.

2. That which shows; a mirror. [Obs.] Wyclif.

SHOWER
Show"er, n. Etym: [OE. shour, schour, AS. se; akin to D. schoer, G.
schauer, OHG. sc, Icel. sk, Sw. skur, Goth. sk a storm of wind; of
uncertain origin.]

1. A fall or rain or hail of short duration; sometimes, but rarely, a
like fall of snow.
In drought or else showers. Chaucer.
Or wet the thirsty earth with falling showers. Milton.

2. That which resembles a shower in falling or passing through the
air copiously and rapidly.
With showers of stones he drives them far away. Pope.

3. A copious supply bestowed. [R.]
He and myself Have travail'd in the great shower of your gifts. Shak.
Shower bath, a bath in which water is showered from above, and
sometimes from the sides also.

SHOWER
Show"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Showered; p. pr. & vb. n. Showering.]

1. To water with a shower; to
Lest it again dissolve and shower the earth. Milton.

2. To bestow liberally; to destribute or scatter in Shak.
Cshowers down greatness on his friends. Addison.

SHOWER
Show"er, v. i.

Defn: To rain in showers; to fall, as in a hower or showers. Shak.

SHOWERFUL
Show"er*ful, a.

Defn: Full of showers. Tennyson.

SHOWERINESS
Show"er*i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being showery.

SHOWERLESS
Show"er*less, a.

Defn: Rainless; freo from showers.

SHOWERY
Show"er*y, a.

1. Raining in showers; abounding with frequent showers of rain.

2. Of or pertaining to a shower or showers. "Colors of the showery
arch." Milton.

SHOWILY
Show"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a showy manner; pompously; with parade.

SHOWINESS
Show"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being showy; pompousness; great parade;
ostentation.

SHOWING
Show"ing, n.

1. Appearance; display; exhibition.

2. Presentation of facts; statement. J. S. Mill.

SHOWISH
Show"ish, a.

Defn: Showy; ostentatious. Swift.

SHOWMAN
Show"man, n.; pl. Showmen.

Defn: One who exhibits a show; a proprietor of a show.

SHOWN
Shown,

Defn: p. p. of Show.

SHOWROOM
Show"room`, n.

Defn: A room or apartment where a show is exhibited.

2. A room where merchandise is exposed for sale, or where samples are
displayed.

SHOWY
Show"y

Defn: , a. Etym: [Compar. Showier (; superl. Showiest.]

Defn: Making a show; attracting attention; presenting a marked
appearance; ostentatious; gay; gaudy.
A present of everything that was rich and showy. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Splendid; gay; gaudy; gorgeous; fine; magnificent; grand;
stately; sumptuous; pompous.

SHRAG
Shrag, n. Etym: [CF. Scrag.]

Defn: A twig of a tree cut off. [Obs.]

SHRAG
Shrag, v. t.

Defn: To trim, as trees; to lop. [Obs.]

SHRAGGER
Shrag"ger, n.

Defn: One who lops; one who trims trees. [Obs.] Huloet.

SHRAM
Shram, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Shrink.]

Defn: To cause to shrink or shrivel with cold; to benumb. [Prov.
Eng.]

SHRANK
Shrank,

Defn: imp. of Shrink.

SHRAP; SHRAPE
Shrap, Shrape, n. Etym: [Cf. Scrap, and Scrape.]

Defn: A place baited with chaff to entice birds. [Written also
scrap.] [Obs.] Bp. Bedell.

SHRAPNEL
Shrap"nel, a.

Defn: Applied as an appellation to a kind of shell invented by Gen.
H. Shrapnel of the British army.
 -- n.

Defn: A shrapnel shell; shrapnel shells, collectively. Shrapnel shell
(Gunnery), a projectile for a cannon, consisting of a shell filled
with bullets and a small bursting charge to scatter them at any given
point while in flight. See the Note under Case shot.

SHRED
Shred, n. Etym: [OE. shrede, schrede, AS. screáde; akin to OD.
schroode, G. schrot a piece cut off, Icel. skrjothr a shred, and to
E. shroud. Cf. Screed, Scroll, Scrutiny.]

1. A long, narrow piece cut or torn off; a strip. "Shreds of tanned
leather." Bacon.

2. In general, a fragment; a piece; a particle. Shak.

SHRED
Shred, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shred or Shredded (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shredding.] Etym: [OE. shreden, schreden, AS. screádian; akin to OD.
schrooden, OHG. scr, G. schroten. See Shred, n.]

1. To cut or tear into small pieces, particularly narrow and long
pieces, as of cloth or leather. Chaucer.

2. To lop; to prune; to trim. [Obs.]

SHREDCOOK
Shred"cook`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fieldfare; -- so called from its harsh cry before rain.
[Prov. Eng.]

SHREDDING
Shred"ding, n.

1. The act of cutting or tearing into shreds.

2. That which is cut or torn off; a piece. Hooker.

SHREDDY
Shred"dy, a.

Defn: Consisting of shreds.

SHREDLESS
Shred"less, a.

Defn: Having no shreds; without a shred.
And those which waved are shredless dust ere now. Byron.

SHREW
Shrew, a. Etym: [OE. shrewe, schrewe. Cf. Shrewd.]

Defn: Wicked; malicious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SHREW
Shrew, n. Etym: [See Shrew, a.]

1. Originally, a brawling, turbulent, vexatious person of either sex,
but now restricted in use to females; a brawler; a scold.
A man . . . grudgeth that shrews [i. e., bad men] have prosperity, or
else that good men have adversity. Chaucer.
A man had got a shrew to his wife, and there could be no quiet in the
house for her. L'Estrange.

2. Etym: [AS. screáwa; -- so called because supposed to be venomous.
] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small insectivore of the genus Sorex and several allied
genera of the family Sorecidæ. In form and color they resemble mice,
but they have a longer and more pointed nose. Some of them are the
smallest of all mammals.

Note: The common European species are the house shrew (Crocidura
araneus), and the erd shrew (Sorex vulgaris) (see under Erd.). In the
United States several species of Sorex and Blarina are common, as the
broadnosed shrew (S. platyrhinus), Cooper's shrew (S. Cooperi), and
the short-tailed, or mole, shrew (Blarina brevicauda). Th American
water, or marsh, shrew (Neosorex palustris), with fringed feet, is
less common. The common European water shrews are Crossopus fodiens,
and the oared shrew (see under Oared). Earth shrew, any shrewlike
burrowing animal of the family Centetidæ, as the tendrac.
 -- Elephant shrew, Jumping shrew, Mole shrew. See under Elephant,
Jumping, etc.
 -- Musk shrew. See Desman.
 -- River shrew, an aquatic West African insectivore (Potamogale
velox) resembling a weasel in form and size, but having a large
flattened and crested tail adapted for rapid swimming. It feeds on
fishes.
 -- Shrew mole, a common large North American mole (Scalops
aquaticus). Its fine, soft fur is gray with iridescent purple tints.

SHREW
Shrew, v. t. Etym: [See Shrew, a., and cf. Beshrew.]

Defn: To beshrew; to curse. [Obs.] "I shrew myself." Chaucer.

SHREWD
Shrewd, a. [Compar. Shrewder; superl. Shrewdest.] Etym: [Originally
the p. p. of shrew, v.t.]

1. Inclining to shrew; disposing to curse or scold; hence, vicious;
malicious; evil; wicked; mischievous; vexatious; rough; unfair;
shrewish. [Obs.] Chaucer.
[Egypt] hath many shrewd havens, because of the great rocks that ben
strong and dangerous to pass by. Sir J. Mandeville.
Every of this happy number That have endured shrewd days and nights
with us. Shak.

2. Artful; wily; cunning; arch.
These women are shrewd tempters with their tongues. Shak.

3. Able or clever in practical affairs; sharp in business; astute;
sharp-witted; sagacious; keen; as, a shrewd observer; a shrewd
design; a shrewd reply.
Professing to despise the ill opinion of mankind creates a shrewd
suspicion that we have deserved it. Secker.

Syn.
 -- Keen; critical; subtle; artful; astute; sagacious; discerning;
acute; penetrating.
 -- Shrewd, Sagacious. One who is shrewd is keen to detect errors, to
penetrate disguises, to foresee and guard against the selfishness of
others. Shrewd is a word of less dignity than sagacious, which
implies a comprehensive as well as penetrating mind, whereas shrewd
does not.
 -- Shrewd"ly, adv.
 -- Shrewd"ness, n.

SHREWISH
Shrew"ish, a.

Defn: having the qualities of a shrew; having a scolding disposition;
froward; peevish.
My wife is shrewish when I keep not hours. Shak.
-- Shrew"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Shrew"ish*ness, n.

SHREWMOUSE
Shrew"mouse`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shrew; especially, the erd shrew.

SHRIEK
Shriek, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shrieked; p. pr. & vb. n. Shrieking.]
Etym: [OE. shriken, originallythe same word as E. screech. See
Screech, and cf. Screak.]

Defn: To utter a loud, sharp, shrill sound or cry, as do some birds
and beasts; to scream, as in a sudden fright, in horror or anguish.
It was the owl that shrieked. Shak.
At this she shrieked aloud; the mournful train Echoed her grief.
Dryden.

SHRIEK
Shriek, v. t.

Defn: To utter sharply and shrilly; to utter in or with a shriek or
shrieks.
On top whereof aye dwelt the ghostly owl, Shrieking his baleful note.
Spenser.
She shrieked his name To the dark woods. Moore.

SHRIEK
Shriek, n.

Defn: A sharp, shrill outcry or scream; a shrill wild cry such as is
caused by sudden or extreme terror, pain, or the like.
Shrieks, clamors, murmurs, fill the frighted town. Dryden.
Shriek owl. (Zoöl.) (a) The screech owl. (b) The swift; -- so called
from its cry.

SHRIEKER
Shriek"er, n.

Defn: One who utters a shriek.

SHRIEVAL
Shriev"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a sheriff.

SHRIEVALTY
Shriev"al*ty, n. Etym: [Contr. from sheriffalty. See Shrieve, n.
Sheriff.]

Defn: The office, or sphere of jurisdiction, of a sheriff;
sheriffalty.
It was ordained by 28 Edward I that the people shall have election of
sheriff in every shire where the shrievalty is not of inheritance.
Blackstone.

SHRIEVE
Shrieve, n. Etym: [Contr. from OE. shereve. See Sheriff.]

Defn: A sheriff. [Obs.] Shak.

SHRIEVE
Shrieve, v. t.

Defn: To shrive; to question. [Obs.] "She gan him soft to shrieve."
Spenser.

SHRIFT
Shrift, n. Etym: [OE. shrift, schrift, AS. scrift, fr. scrifan to
shrive. See Shrive.]

1. The act of shriving.
In shrift and preaching is my diligence. Chaucer.

2. Confession made to a priest, and the absolution consequent upon
it. Chaucer.
Have you got leave to go to shrift to-day Shak.
Therefore, my lord, address you to your shrift, And be yourself; for
you must die this instant. Rowe.
Shrift father, a priest to whom confession is made.

SHRIGHT
Shright, obs.

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Shriek.
She cried alway and shright. Chaucer.

SHRIGHT
Shright, n. Etym: [See Shriek.]

Defn: A shriek; shrieking. [Obs] Spenser. "All hoarse for shright."
Chaucer.

SHRIKE
Shrike, n. Etym: [Akin to Icel. skrikja a shrieker, the shrike, and
E. shriek; cf. AS. scric a thrush. See Shriek, v. i.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of oscinine birds of the family
Laniidæ, having a strong hooked bill, toothed at the tip. Most
shrikes are insectivorous, but the common European gray shrike
(Lanius excubitor), the great northern shrike (L. borealis), and
several others, kill mice, small birds, etc., and often impale them
on thorns, and are, on that account called also butcher birds. See
under Butcher.

Note: The ant shrikes, or bush shrikes, are clamatorial birds of the
family Formicaridæ. The cuckoo shrikes of the East Indies and
Australia are Oscines of the family Campephagidæ. The drongo shrikes
of the same regions belong to the related family Dicruridæ. See
Drongo. Crow shrike. See under Crow.
 -- Shrike thrush. (a) Any one of several species of Asiatic timaline
birds of the genera Thamnocataphus, Gampsorhynchus, and allies. (b)
Any one of several species of shrikelike Australian singing birds of
the genus Colluricincla.
 -- Shrike tit. (a) Any one of several Australian birds of the genus
Falcunculus, having a strong toothed bill and sharp claws. They creep
over the bark of trees, like titmice, in search of insects. (b) Any
one of several species of small Asiatic birds belonging to Allotrius,
Pteruthius, Cutia, Leioptila, and allied genera, related to the true
tits. Called also hill tit.
 -- Swallow shrike. See under Swallow.

SHRILL
Shrill, a. [Compar. Shriller; superl. Shrillest.] Etym: [OE. shril,
schril; akin to LG. schrell, G. schrill. See Shrill,v. i.]

Defn: Acute; sharp; piercing; having or emitting a sharp, piercing
tone or sound; -- said a sound, or of that which produces a sound.
Hear the shrill whistle which doth order give To sounds confused.
Shak.
Let winds be shrill, let waves roll high. Byron.

SHRILL
Shrill, n.

Defn: A shrill sound. [Obs.] Spenser.

SHRILL
Shrill, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shrilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Shrilling.]
Etym: [OE. schrillen, akin to G. schrillen; cf. AS. scralletan to
resound loudly, Icel. skrölta to jolt, Sw. skrälla to shrill, Norw.
skryla, skr. Cf. Skirl.]

Defn: To utter an acute, piercing sound; to sound with a sharp,
shrill tone; to become shrill.
Break we our pipes, that shrilledloud as lark. Spenser.
No sounds were heard but of the shrilling cock. Goldsmith.
His voice shrilled with passion. L. Wallace.

SHRILL
Shrill, v. t.

Defn: To utter or express in a shrill tone; to cause to make a shrill
sound.
How poor Andromache shrills her dolors forth. Shak.

SHRILL-GORGED
Shrill"-gorged`, a.

Defn: Having a throat which produces a shrill note. [R.] Shak.

SHRILLNESS
Shrill"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being shrill.

SHRILL-TONGUED
Shrill"-tongued`, a.

Defn: Having a shrill voice. "When shrill-tongued Fulvia scolds."
Shak.

SHRILLY
Shril"ly, adv.

Defn: In a shrill manner; acutely; with a sharp sound or voice.

SHRILLY
Shril"ly, a.

Defn: Somewhat shrill. [Poetic] Sir W. Scott.
Some kept up a shrilly mellow sound. Keats.

SHRIMP
Shrimp, v. t. Etym: [Cf. AS. scrimman to dry up, wither, MHG.
schrimpfen to shrink, G. schrumpfen, Dan. skrumpe, skrumpes, Da. &
Sw. skrumpen shriveled. Cf. Scrimp, Shrink, Shrivel.]

Defn: To contract; to shrink. [Obs.]

SHRIMP
Shrimp, n. Etym: [OE. shrimp; -- probably so named from its shriveled
appearance. See Shrimp, v.]

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of numerous species of macruran Crustacea belonging to
Crangon and various allied genera, having a slender body and long
legs. Many of them are used as food. The larger kinds are called also
prawns. See Illust. of Decapoda.
(b) In a more general sense, any species of the macruran tribe
Caridea, or any species of the order Schizopoda, having a similar
form.
(c) In a loose sense, any small crustacean, including some amphipods
and even certain entomostracans; as, the fairy shrimp, and brine
shrimp. See under Fairy, and Brine.

2. Figuratively, a little wrinkled man; a dwarf; -- in contempt.
This weak and writhled shrimp. Shak.
Opossum shrimp. (Zoöl.) See under Opossum.
 -- Spector shrimp, or Skeleton shrimp (Zoöl.), any slender amphipod
crustacean of the genus Caprella and allied genera. See Illust. under
Læmodopoda.
 -- Shrimp catcher (Zoöl.), the little tern (Sterna minuta).
 -- Shrimp net, a dredge net fixed upon a pole, or a sweep net
dragged over the fishing ground.

SHRIMPER
Shrimp"er, n.

Defn: One who fishes for shrimps.

SHRINE
Shrine, n. Etym: [OE. schrin, AS. scrin, from L. scrinium a case,
chest, box.]

1. A case, box, or receptacle, especially one in which are deposited
sacred relics, as the bones of a saint.

2. Any sacred place, as an altar, tromb, or the like.
Too weak the sacred shrine guard. Byron.

3. A place or object hallowed from its history or associations; as, a
shrine of art.

SHRINE
Shrine, v. t.

Defn: To enshrine; to place reverently, as in a shrine. "Shrined in
his sanctuary." Milton.

SHRINK
Shrink, v. i. [imp. Shrank or Shrunk p. p. Shrunk or Shrunken (, but
the latter is now seldom used except as a participial adjective; p.
pr. & vb. n. Shrinking.] Etym: [OE. shrinken, schrinken, AS.
scrincan; akin to OD. schrincken, and probably to Sw. skrynka a
wrinkle, skrynkla to wrinkle, to rumple, and E. shrimp, n. & v.,
scrimp. CF. Shrimp.]

1. To wrinkle, bend, or curl; to shrivel; hence, to contract into a
less extent or compass; to gather together; to become compacted.
And on a broken reed he still did stay His feeble steps, which shrunk
when hard thereon he lay. Spenser.
I have not found that water, by mixture of ashes, will shrink or draw
into less room. Bacon.
Against this fire do I shrink up. Shak.
And shrink like parchment in consuming fire. Dryden.
All the boards did shrink. Coleridge.

2. To withdraw or retire, as from danger; to decline action from
fear; to recoil, as in fear, horror, or distress.
What happier natures shrink at with affright, The hard inhabitant
contends is right. Pope.
They assisted us against the Thebans when you shrank from the task.
Jowett (Thucyd.)

3. To express fear, horror, or pain by contracting the body, or part
of it; to shudder; to quake. [R.] Shak.

SHRINK
Shrink, v. t.

1. To cause to contract or shrink; as, to shrink finnel by imersing
it in boiling water.

2. To draw back; to withdraw. [Obs.]
The Libyc Hammon shrinks his horn. Milton.
To shrink on (Mach.), to fix (one piece or part) firmly around
(another) by natural contraction in cooling, as a tire on a wheel, or
a hoop upon a cannon, which is made slightly smaller than the part it
is to fit, and expanded by heat till it can be slipped into place.

SHRINK
Shrink, n.

Defn: The act shrinking; shrinkage; contraction; also, recoil;
withdrawal.
Yet almost wish, with sudden shrink, That I had less to praise. Leigh
Hunt.

SHRINKAGE
Shrink"age, n.

1. The act of shrinking; a contraction into less bulk or measurement.

2. The amount of such contraction; the bulk or dimension lost by
shrinking, as of grain, castings, etc.

3. Decrease in value; depreciation. [Colloq.]

SHRINKER
Shrink"er, n.

Defn: One who shrinks; one who withdraws from danger.

SHRINKING
Shrink"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Shrink. Shrinking head (Founding), a body of molten metal
connected with a mold for the purpose of supplying metal to
compensate for the shrinkage of the casting; -- called also sinking
head, and riser.

SHRINKINGLY
Shrink"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a shrinking manner.

SHRIVALTY
Shriv"al*ty, n.

Defn: Shrievalty. Johnson.

SHRIVE
Shrive, v. t. [imp. Shrived or Shrove (; p. p. Shriven or Shrived; p.
pr. & vb. n. Shriving.] Etym: [OE. shriven, schriven, AS. scrivan to
shrive, to impose penance or punishment; akin to OFries. skriva to
impose punishment; cf. OS. biskriban to be troubled. Cf. Shrift,
Shrovetide.]

1. To hear or receive the confession of; to administer confession and
absolution to; -- said of a priest as the agent.
That they should shrive their parishioners. Piers Plowman.
Doubtless he shrives this woman, . . . Else ne'er could he so long
protract his speech. Shak.
Till my guilty soul be shriven. Longfellow.

2. To confess, and receive absolution; -- used reflexively.
Get you to the church and shrive yourself. Beau & Fl.

SHRIVE
Shrive, v. i.

Defn: To receive confessions, as a priest; to administer confession
and absolution. Spenser.

SHRIVEL
Shriv"el, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shriveled or Shrivelled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Shriveling or Shrivelling.] Etym: [Probably akin to shrimp,
shrink; cf. dial. AS. screpa to pine away, Norw. skrypa to waste,
skryp, skryv, transitory, frail, Sw. skröpling feeble, Dan.
skröbelig, Icel. skrj brittle, frail.]

Defn: To draw, or be drawn, into wrinkles; to shrink, and form
corrugations; as, a leaf shriveles in the hot sun; the skin shrivels
with age; -- often with up.

SHRIVEL
Shriv"el, v. t.

Defn: To cause to shrivel or contract; to cause to shrink onto
corruptions.

SHRIVEN
Shriv"en,

Defn: p. p. of Shrive.

SHRIVER
Shriv"er, n.

Defn: One who shrives; a confessor.

SHRIVING
Shriv"ing, n.

Defn: Shrift; confession. Spenser.

SHROFF
Shroff, n. Etym: [Ar. sarraf.]

Defn: A banker, or changer of money. [East Indies]

SHROFFAGE
Shroff"age, n.

Defn: The examination of coins, and the separation of the good from
the debased. [East Indies]

SHROOD
Shrood, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Shroud.] [Written also shroud, and shrowd.]

Defn: To trim; to lop. [Prov. Eng.]

SHROPSHIRE
Shrop"shire, n. [From Shropshire, country of England.]

Defn: An English breed of black-faced hornless sheep similar to the
Southdown, but larger, now extensively raised in many parts of the
world.

SHROUD
Shroud, n. Etym: [OE. shroud, shrud, schrud, AS. scr a garment,
clothing; akin to Icel. skru the shrouds of a ship, furniture of a
church, a kind of stuff, Sw. skrud dress, attire, and E. shred. See
Shred, and cf. Shrood.]

1. That which clothes, covers, conceals, or protects; a garment.
Piers Plowman.
Swaddled, as new born, in sable shrouds. Sandys.

2. Especially, the dress for the dead; a winding sheet. "A dead man
in his shroud." Shak.

3. That which covers or shelters like a shroud.
Jura answers through her misty shroud. Byron.

4. A covered place used as a retreat or shelter, as a cave or den;
also, a vault or crypt. [Obs.]
The shroud to which he won His fair-eyed oxen. Chapman.
A vault, or shroud, as under a church. Withals.

5. The branching top of a tree; foliage. [R.]
The Assyrian wad a cedar in Lebanon, with fair branches and with a
shadowing shroad. Ezek. xxxi. 3.

6. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: A set of ropes serving as stays to support the masts. The lower
shrouds are secured to the sides of vessels by heavy iron bolts and
are passed around the head of the lower masts.

7. (Mach.)

Defn: One of the two annular plates at the periphery of a water
wheel, which form the sides of the buckets; a shroud plate. Bowsprit
shrouds (Naut.), ropes extending from the head of the bowsprit to the
sides of the vessel.
 -- Futtock shrouds (Naut.), iron rods connecting the topmast rigging
with the lower rigging, passing over the edge of the top.
 -- Shroud plate. (a) (Naut.) An iron plate extending from the dead-
eyes to the ship's side. Ham. Nav. Encyc. (b) (Mach.) A shroud. See
def. 7, above.

SHROUD
Shroud, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shrouded; p. pr. & vb. n. Shrouding.]
Etym: [Cf. AS. scr. See Shroud, n.]

1. To cover with a shroud; especially, to inclose in a winding sheet;
to dress for the grave.
The ancient Egyptian mummies were shrouded in a number of folds of
linen besmeared with gums. Bacon.

2. To cover, as with a shroud; to protect completely; to cover so as
to conceal; to hide; to veil.
One of these trees, with all his young ones, may shroud four hundred
horsemen. Sir W. Raleigh.
Some tempest rise, And blow out all the stars that light the skies,
To shroud my shame. Dryden.

SHROUD
Shroud, v. i.

Defn: To take shelter or harbor. [Obs.]
If your stray attendance be yet lodged, Or shroud within these
limits. Milton.

SHROUD
Shroud, v. t.

Defn: To lop. See Shrood. [Prov. Eng.]

SHROUDED
Shroud"ed, a.

Defn: Provided with a shroud or shrouds. Shrouded gear (Mach.), a
cogwheel or pinion having flanges which form closed ends to the
spaces between the teeth and thus strengthen the teeth by tying them
together.

SHROUDING
Shroud"ing, n.

Defn: The shrouds. See Shroud, n., 7.

SHROUD-LAID
Shroud"-laid`, a.

Defn: Composed of four strands, and laid right-handed with a heart,
or center; -- said of rope. See Illust. under Cordage.

SHROUDLESS
Shroud"less, a.

Defn: Without a shroud.

SHROUDY
Shroud"y, a.

Defn: Affording shelter. [R.] Milton.

SHROVE
Shrove,

Defn: imp. of Shrive. Shrove Sunday, Quinguagesima Sunday.
 -- Shrove Tuesday, the Tuesday following Quinguagesima Sunday, and
preceding the first day of Lent, or Ash Wednesday.

Note: It was formerly customary in England, on this day, for the
people to confess their sins to their parish priests, after which
they dined on pancakes, or fritters, and the occasion became one of
merriment. The bell rung on this day is popularly called Pancake
Bell, and the day itself Pancake Tuesday. P. Cyc.

SHROVE
Shrove, v. i.

Defn: To join in the festivities of Shrovetide; hence, to make merry.
[Obs.] J. Fletcher.

SHROVETIDE
Shrove"tide`, n. Etym: [From shrive to take a confession (OE. imp.
shrof, AS. scraf) + tide.]

Defn: The days immediately preceding Ash Widnesday, especially the
period between the evening before Quinguagesima Sunday and the
morning of Ash Wednesday.

SHROVING
Shrov"ing, n.

Defn: The festivity of Shrovetide. [Obs.]

SHROW
Shrow, n.

Defn: A shrew. [Obs.] Shak.

SHROWD
Shrowd, v. t.

Defn: See Shrood. [Prov. Eng.]

SHRUB
Shrub, n. Etym: [Ar. shirb, shurb, a drink, beverage, fr. shariba to
drink. Cf. Sirup, Sherbet.]

Defn: A liquor composed of vegetable acid, especially lemon juice,
and sugar, with spirit to preserve it.

SHRUB
Shrub, n. Etym: [OE. schrob, AS. scrob, scrobb; akin to Norw. skrubba
the dwarf cornel tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A woody plant of less size than a tree, and usually with
several stems from the same root.

SHRUB
Shrub, v. t.

Defn: To lop; to prune. [Obs.] Anderson (1573).

SHRUBBERY
Shrub"ber*y, n.; pl. Shrubberies (.

1. A collection of shrubs.

2. A place where shrubs are planted. Macaulay.

SHRUBBINESS
Shrub"bi*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being shrubby.

SHRUBBY
Shrub"by, a. [Compar. Shrubbier; superl. Shrubbiest.]

1. Full of shrubs.

2. Of the nature of a shrub; resembling a shrub. "Shrubby browse." J.
Philips.

SHRUBLESS
Shrub"less, a.

Defn: having no shrubs. Byron.

SHRUFF
Shruff, n. Etym: [Cf. Scruff, Scurf.]

Defn: Rubbish. Specifically: (a) Dross or refuse of metals. [Obs.]
(b) Light, dry wood, or stuff used for fuel. [Prov. Eng.]

SHRUG
Shrug, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shrugged; p. pr. & vb. n. Shrugging.]
Etym: [Probably akin to shrink, p. p. shrunk; cf. Dan. skrugge,
skrukke, to stoop, dial. Sw. skrukka, skruga, to crouch.]

Defn: To draw up or contract (the shoulders), especially by way of
expressing dislike, dread, doubt, or the like.
He shrugs his shoulders when you talk of securities. Addison.

SHRUG
Shrug, v. i.

Defn: To raise or draw up the shoulders, as in expressing dislike,
dread, doubt, or the like.
They grin, they shrug. They bow, they snarl, they snatch, they hug.
Swift.

SHRUG
Shrug, n.

Defn: A drawing up of the shoulders, -- a motion usually expressing
dislike, dread, or doubt.
The Spaniards talk in dialogues Of heads and shoulders, nods and
shrugs. Hudibras.

SHRUNKEN
Shrunk"en, p. p. & a.

Defn: from Shrink.

SHUCK
Shuck, n.

Defn: A shock of grain. [Prev.Eng.]

SHUCK
Shuck, n. Etym: [Perhaps akin to G. shote a husk, pod, shell.]

1. A shell, husk, or pod; especially, the outer covering of such nuts
as the hickory nut, butternut, peanut, and chestnut.

2. The shell of an oyster or clam. [U. S.]

SHUCK
Shuck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shucked; p. pr. & vb. n. Shucking.]

Defn: To deprive of the shucks or husks; as, to shuck walnuts, Indian
corn, oysters, etc.

SHUCKER
Shuck"er, n.

Defn: One who shucks oysters or clams

SHUDDER
Shud"der, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shuddered;p. pr. & vb. n. Shuddering.]
Etym: [OE. shoderen, schuderen; akin to LG. schuddern, D. schudden to
shake, OS. skuddian, G. schaudern to shudder, schütteln to shake,
schütten to pour, to shed, OHG. scutten, scuten, to shake.]

Defn: To tremble or shake with fear, horrer, or aversion; to shiver
with cold; to quake. "With shuddering horror pale." Milton.
The shuddering tennant of the frigid zone. Goldsmith.

SHUDDER
Shud"der, n.

Defn: The act of shuddering, as with fear. Shak.

SHUDDERINGLY
Shud"der*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a shuddering manner.

SHUDE
Shude, n.

Defn: The husks and other refuse of rice mills, used to adulterate
oil cake, or linseed cake.

SHUFFLE
Shuf"fle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shuffled; p. pr. & vb. n. Shuffling.]
Etym: [Originally the same word as scuffle, and properly a freq. of
shove. See Shove, and Scuffle.]

1. To shove one way and the other; to push from one to another; as,
to shuffle money from hand to hand.

2. To mix by pushing or shoving; to confuse; to throw into disorder;
especially, to change the relative positions of, as of the cards in a
pack.
A man may shuffle cards or rattle dice from noon to midnight without
tracing a new idea in his mind. Rombler.

3. To remove or introduce by artificial confusion.
It was contrived by your enemies, and shuffled into the papers that
were seizen. Dryden.
To shuffe off, to push off; to rid one's self of.
 -- To shuffe up, to throw together in hastel to make up or form in
confusion or with fraudulent disorder; as, he shuffled up a peace.

SHUFFLE
Shuf"fle, v. i.

1. To change the relative position of cards in a pack; as, to shuffle
and cut.

2. To change one's position; to shift ground; to evade questions; to
resort to equivocation; to prevaricate.
I muself, . . . hiding mine honor in my necessity, am fain to
shuffle. Shak.

3. To use arts or expedients; to make shift.
Your life, good master, Must shuffle for itself. Shak.

4. To move in a slovenly, dragging manner; to drag or scrape the feet
in walking or dancing.
The aged creature came Shuffling along with ivory-headed wand. Keats.

Syn.
 -- To equivicate; prevaricate; quibble; cavil; shift; siphisticate;
juggle.

SHUFFLE
Shuf"fle, n.

1. The act of shuffling; a mixing confusedly; a slovenly, dragging
motion.
The unguided agitation and rude shuffles of matter. Bentley.

2. A trick; an artifice; an evasion.
The gifts of nature are beyond all shame and shuffles. L'Estrange.

SHUFFLEBOARD
Shuf"fle*board`, n.

Defn: See Shovelboard.

SHUFFLECAP
Shuf"fle*cap`

Defn: ,.A play performed by shaking money in a hat or cap. [R.]
Arbuthnot.

SHUFFLER
Shuf"fler, n.

1. One who shuffles.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Either one of the three common American scaup ducks. See Scaup
duck, under Scaup.

SHUFFLEWING
Shuf"fle*wing`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hedg sparrow. [Prov. Eng.]

SHUFFLING
Shuf"fling, a.

1. Moving with a dragging, scraping step. "A shuffling nag." Shak.

2. Evasive; as, a shuffling excuse. T. Burnet.

SHUFFLING
Shuf"fling, v.

Defn: In a shuffling manner.

SHUG
Shug, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Shrug.]

1. To writhe the body so as to produce friction against one's
clothes, as do those who have the itch. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. Hence, to crawl; to sneak. [Obs.]
There I 'll shug in and get a noble countenance. Ford.

SHUMAC
Shu"mac, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Sumac.

SHUN
Shun, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shunned; p. pr. & vb. n. Shunning.] Etym:
[OE. shunien, schunien, schonien, AS. scunian, sceonian; cf. D.
schuinen to slepe, schuin oblique, sloping, Icel. skunda, skynda, to
hasten. Cf. Schooner, Scoundrel, Shunt.]

Defn: To avoid; to keep clear of; to get out of the way of; to escape
from; to eschew; as, to shun rocks, shoals, vice.
I am pure from the blood of all men. For I have not shunned to
declare unto you all the counsel of God. Acts xx. 26,27.
Scarcity and want shall shun you. Shak.

Syn.
 -- See Avoid.

SHUNLESS
Shun"less, a.

Defn: Not to be shunned; inevitable; unavoidable. [R.] "Shunless
destiny." Shak.

SHUNT
Shunt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Shunting.] Etym:
[Prov. E., to move from, to put off, fr. OE. shunten, schunten,
schounten; cf. D. schuinte a slant, slope, Icel. skunda to hasten.
Cf. Shun.]

1. To shun; to move from. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

2. To cause to move suddenly; to give a sudden start to; to shove.
[Obs. or Prov.Eng.] Ash.

3. To turn off to one side; especially, to turn off, as a grain or a
car upon a side track; to switch off; to shift.
For shunting your late partner on to me. T. Hughes.

4. (Elec.)

Defn: To provide with a shunt; as, to shunt a galvanometer.

SHUNT
Shunt, v. i.

Defn: To go aside; to turn off.

SHUNT
Shunt, n. Etym: [Cf. D. schuinte slant, slope, declivity. See Shunt,
v. t.]

1. (Railroad)

Defn: A turning off to a side or short track, that the principal
track may be left free.

2. (Elec.)

Defn: A conducting circuit joining two points in a conductor, or the
terminals of a galvanometer or dynamo, so as to form a parallel or
derived circuit through which a portion of the current may pass, for
the purpose of regulating the amount passing in the main circuit.

3. (Gunnery)

Defn: The shifting of the studs on a projectile from the deep to the
shallow sides of the grooves in its discharge from a shunt gun. Shunt
dynamo (Elec.), a dynamo in which the field circuit is connected with
the main circuit so as to form a shunt to the letter, thus employing
a portion of the current from the armature to maintain the field.
 -- Shunt gun, a firearm having shunt rifling. See under Rifling.

SHUNTER
Shunt"er, n. (Railroad)

Defn: A person employed to shunt cars from one track to another.

SHUNTING
Shunt"ing, p. pr. & vb. n. of Shunt. Specif.: vb. n.
 (a) (Railroads) Switching; as, shunting engine, yard, etc. [British]
 (b) (Finance) Arbitrage conducted between certain local markets
without the necessity of the exchange involved in foreign arbitrage.
[Great Britain]

SHUNT VALVE
Shunt valve. (Mach.)

Defn: A valve permitting a fluid under pressure an easier avenue of
escape than normally; specif., a valve, actuated by the governor,
used in one system of marine-engine governing to connect both ends of
the low-pressure cylinder as a supplementary control.

SHUNT WINDING
Shunt winding. (Elec.)

Defn: A winding so arranged as to divide the armature current and
lead a portion of it around the field-magnet coils; -- opposed to
series winding. --Shunt"-wound` (#), a.

SHUT
Shut, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shut; p. pr. & vb. n. Shutting.] Etym: [OE.
shutten, schutten, shetten, schitten, AS. scyttan to shut or lock up
(akin to D. schutten, G. schützen to protect), properly, to fasten
with a bolt or bar shot across, fr. AS. sceótan to shoot. sq.
root159. See Shoot.]

1. To close so as to hinder ingress or egress; as, to shut a door or
a gate; to shut one's eyes or mouth.

2. To forbid entrance into; to prohibit; to bar; as, to shut the
ports of a country by a blockade.
Shall that be shut to man which to the beast Is open Milton.

3. To preclude; to exclude; to bar out. "Shut from every shore."
Dryden.

4. To fold together; to close over, as the fingers; to close by
bringing the parts together; as, to shut the hand; to shut a book. To
shut in. (a) To inclose; to confine. "The Lord shut him in." Cen.
vii. 16. (b) To cover or intercept the view of; as, one point shuts
in another.
 -- To shut off. (a) To exclude. (b) To prevent the passage of, as
steam through a pipe, or water through a flume, by closing a cock,
valve, or gate.
 -- To shut out, to preclude from entering; to deny admission to; to
exclude; as, to shut out rain by a tight roof.
 -- To shut together, to unite; to close, especially to close by
welding.
 -- To shut up. (a) To close; to make fast the entrances into; as, to
shut up a house. (b) To obstruct. "Dangerous rocks shut up the
passage." Sir W. Raleigh. (c) To inclose; to confine; to imprison; to
fasten in; as, to shut up a prisoner.
Before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto the faith
which should afterwards be revealed. Gal. iii. 23.
(d) To end; to terminate; to conclude.
When the scene of life is shut up, the slave will be above his master
if he has acted better. Collier.
(e) To unite, as two pieces of metal by welding. (f) To cause to
become silent by authority, argument, or force.

SHUT
Shut, v. i.

Defn: To close itself; to become closed; as, the door shuts; it shuts
hard. To shut up, to cease speaking. [Colloq.] T. Hughes.

SHUT
Shut, a.

1. Closed or fastened; as, a shut door.

2. Rid; clear; free; as, to get shut of a person. [Now dialectical or
local, Eng. & U.S.] L'Estrange.

3. (Phon.)
(a) Formed by complete closure of the mouth passage, and with the
nose passage remaining closed; stopped, as are the mute consonants,
p, t, k, b, d, and hard g. H. Sweet.
(b) Cut off sharply and abruptly by a following consonant in the same
syllable, as the English short vowels, â, ê, î, ô, û, always are.

SHUT
Shut, n.

Defn: The act or time of shutting; close; as, the shut of a door.
Just then returned at shut of evening flowers. Milton.

2. A door or cover; a shutter. [Obs.] Sir I. Newton.

3. The line or place where two pieces of metal are united by welding.
Cold shut, the imperfection in a casting caused by the flowing of
liquid metal upon partially chilled metal; also, the imperfect weld
in a forging caused by the inadequate heat of one surface under
working.

SHUTE
Shute, n.

Defn: Same as Chute, or Shoot.

SHUTTER
Shut"ter, n.

1. One who shuts or closes.

2. A movable cover or screen for a window, designed to shut out the
light, to obstruct the view, or to be of some strength as a defense;
a blind.

3. A removable cover, or a gate, for closing an aperture of any kind,
as for closing the passageway for molten iron from a ladle.

SHUTTERED
Shut"tered, a.

Defn: Furnished with shutters.

SHUTTLE
Shut"tle, n. Etym: [Also shittle, OE. schitel, scytyl, schetyl; cf.
OE. schitel a bolt of a door, AS. scyttes; all from AS. sceótan to
shoot; akin to Dan. skyttel, skytte, shuttle, dial. Sw. skyttel,
sköttel. sq. root159. See Shoot, and cf. Shittle, Skittles.]

1. An instrument used in weaving for passing or shooting the thread
of the woof from one side of the cloth to the other between the
threads of the warp.
Like shuttles through the loom, so swiftly glide My feathered hours.
Sandys.

2. The sliding thread holder in a sewing machine, which carries the
lower thread through a loop of the upper thread, to make a lock
stitch.

3. A shutter, as for a channel for molten metal. [R.] Shuttle box
(Weaving), a case at the end of a shuttle race, to receive the
shuttle after it has passed the thread of the warp; also, one of a
set of compartments containing shuttles with different colored
threads, which are passed back and forth in a certain order,
according to the pattern of the cloth woven.
 -- Shutten race, a sort of shelf in a loom, beneath the warp, along
which the shuttle passes; a channel or guide along which the shuttle
passes in a sewing machine.
 -- Shuttle shell (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of marine
gastropods of the genus Volva, or Radius, having a smooth, spindle-
shaped shell prolonged into a channel at each end.

SHUTTLE
Shut"tle, v. i.

Defn: To move backwards and forwards, like a shuttle.
I had to fly far and wide, shutting athwart the big Babel, wherever
his calls and pauses had to be. Carlyle.

SHUTTLECOCK
Shut"tle*cock`, n.

Defn: A cork stuck with feathers, which is to be struck by a
battledoor in play; also, the play itself.

SHUTTLECOCK
Shut"tle*cock, v. t.

Defn: To send or toss to and fro; to bandy; as, to shuttlecock words.
Thackeray.

SHUTTLECORK
Shut"tle*cork`, n.

Defn: See Shuttlecock.

SHUTTLEWISE
Shut"tle*wise`, adv.

Defn: Back and forth, like the movement of a shuttle.

SHWAN-PAN
Shwan"-pan, n.

Defn: See Schwan-pan.

SHY
Shy, a. [Compar. Shier or Shyer; superl. Shiest or Shyest.] Etym:
[OE. schey, skey, sceouh, AS. sceóh; akin to Dan. sky, Sw. skygg, D.
schuw, MHG. schiech, G. scheu, OHG. sciuhen to be or make timid. Cf.
Eschew.]

1. Easily frightened; timid; as, a shy bird.
The horses of the army . . . were no longer shy, but would come up to
my very feet without starting. Swift.

2. Reserved; coy; disinclined to familiar approach.
What makes you so shy, my good friend There's nobody loves you better
than I. Arbuthnot.
The embarrassed look of shy distress And maidenly shamefacedness.
Wordsworth.

3. Cautious; wary; suspicious.
I am very shy of using corrosive liquors in the preparation of
medicines. Boyle.
Princes are, by wisdom of state, somewhat shy of thier successors.
Sir H. Wotton.
To fight shy. See under Fight, v. i.

SHY
Shy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shied; p. pr. & vb. n. Shying.] Etym: [From
Shy, a.]

Defn: To start suddenly aside through fright or suspicion; -- said
especially of horses.

SHY
Shy, v. t.

Defn: To throw sidewise with a jerk; to fling; as, to shy a stone; to
shy a slipper. T. Hughes.

SHY
Shy, n.

1. A sudden start aside, as by a horse.

2. A side throw; a throw; a fling. Thackeray.
If Lord Brougham gets a stone in his hand, he must, it seems, have a
shy at somebody. Punch.

SHYLY
Shy"ly, adv.

Defn: In a shy or timid manner; not familiarly; with reserve.
[Written also shily.]

SHYNESS
Shy"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being shy. [Written also shiness.]
Frequency in heavenly contemplation is particularly important to
prevent a shyness bewtween God and thy soul. Baxter.

Syn.
 -- Bashfulness; reserve; coyness; timidity; diffidence. See
Bashfulness.

SHYSTER
Shy"ster, n. Etym: [Perh. from G. scheisse excrement.]

Defn: A trickish knave; one who carries on any business, especially
legal business, in a mean and dishonest way. [Slang, U.S.]

SI
Si. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A syllable applied, in solmization, to the note B; more
recently, to the seventh tone of any major diatonic scale. It was
added to Guido's scale by Le Maire about the end of the 17th century.

SIAGA
Si*a"ga, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ahu, or jairou.

SIALOGOGUE
Si*al"o*gogue, n. Etym: [Gr. si`alon saliva + sialagogue.] (Med.)

Defn: An agent which promotes the flow of saliva.

SIAMANG
Si"a*mang`, n. Etym: [Malay siamang.] (Zool.)

Defn: A gibbon (Hylobates syndactylus), native of Sumatra. It has the
second and third toes partially united by a web.

SIAMESE
Si`a*mese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Siam, its native people, or their language.

SIAMESE
Si`a*mese`, n. sing. & pl.

1. A native or inhabitant of Siam; pl., the people of Siam.

2. sing.

Defn: The language of the Siamese.

SIB
Sib, n. Etym: [AS. sibb alliance, gesib a relative. sq. root289. See
Gossip.]

Defn: A blood relation. [Obs.] Nash.

SIB
Sib, a.

Defn: Related by blood; akin. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Sir W.
Scott.
Your kindred is but . . . little sib to you. Chaucer.
[He] is no fairy birn, ne sib at all To elfs, but sprung of seed
terrestrial. Spenser.

SIBBENS
Sib"bens, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Med.)

Defn: A contagious disease, endemic in Scotland, resembling the yaws.
It is marked by ulceration of the throat and nose and by pustules and
soft fungous excrescences upon the surface of the body. In the
Orkneys the name is applied to the itch. [Written also sivvens.]

SIBERIAN
Si*be"ri*an, a. Etym: [From Siberia, Russ. Sibire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Siberia, a region comprising all northern
Asia and belonging to Russia; as, a Siberian winter.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Siberia. Siberian crab (Bot.), the
Siberian crab apple. See Crab apple, under Crab.
 -- Siberian dog (Zoöl.), one of a large breed of dogs having erect
ears and the hair of the body and tail very long. It is distinguished
for endurance of fatigue when used for the purpose of draught.
 -- Siberian pea tree (Bot.), a small leguminous tree (Cragana
arborescens) with yellow flowers. It is a native of Siberia.

SIBILANCE; SIBILANCY
Sib"i*lance, Sib"i*lan*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sibilant; sibilation.
Milton would not have avoided them for their sibilancy, he who wrote
. . . verses that hiss like Medusa's head in wrath. Lowell.

SIBILANT
Sib"i*lant, a. Etym: [L. sibilans, -antis, p. pr. of sibilare to
hiss: cf. F. sibilant.]

Defn: Making a hissing sound; uttered with a hissing sound; hissing;
as, s, z, sh, and zh, are sibilant elementary sounds.
 -- n.

Defn: A sibiliant letter.

SIBILATE
Sib"i*late, v. t. & i.

Defn: To pronounce with a hissing sound, like that of the letter s;
to mark with a character indicating such pronunciation.

SIBILATION
Sib`i*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. sibilatio.]

Defn: Utterance with a hissing sound; also, the sound itself; a hiss.
He, with a long, low sibilation, stared. Tennyson.

SIBILATORY
Sib"i*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Hissing; sibilant.

SIBILOUS
Sib"i*lous, a. Etym: [L. sibilus.]

Defn: Having a hissing sound; hissing; sibilant. [R.] Pennant.

SIBYL
Sib"yl, n. Etym: [L. sibylla, Gr.

1. (Class. Antiq.)

Defn: A woman supposed to be endowed with a spirit of prophecy.

Note: The number of the sibyls is variously stated by different
authors; but the opinion of Varro, that there were ten, is generally
adopted. They dwelt in various parts of Persia, Greece, and Italy.

2. A female fortune teller; a pythoness; a prophetess. "An old
highland sibyl." Sir W. Scott.

SIBYLIST
Sib"yl*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in a sibyl or the sibylline prophecies.
Cudworth.

SIBYLLINE
Sib"yl*line, a. Etym: [L. sibyllinus.]

Defn: Pertaining to the sibyls; uttered, written, or composed by
sibyls; like the productions of sibyls. Sibylline books. (a) (Rom.
Antiq.) Books or documents of prophecies in verse concerning the fate
of the Roman empire, said to have been purchased by Tarquin the Proud
from a sibyl. (b) Certain Jewish and early Christian writings
purporting to have been prophetic and of sibylline origin. They date
from 100 b. c. to a. d. 500.

SIC
Sic, a.

Defn: Such. [Scot.]

SIC
Sic, adv. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Thus.

Note: This word is sometimes inserted in a quotation [sic], to call
attention to the fact that some remarkable or inaccurate expression,
misspelling, or the like, is literally reproduced.

SICAMORE
Sic"a*more, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Sycamore.

SICCA
Sic"ca, n. Etym: [Ar. sikka.]

Defn: A seal; a coining die; -- used adjectively to designate the
silver currency of the Mogul emperors, or the Indian rupee of 192
grains. Sicca rupee, an East Indian coin, valued nominally at about
two shillings sterling, or fifty cents.

SICCATE
Sic"cate, v. t. Etym: [L. siccatus, p. p. of siccare to dry, fr.
siecus dry.]

Defn: To dry. [R.]

SICCATION
Sic*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. siccatio.]

Defn: The act or process of drying. [R.] Bailey.

SICCATIVE
Sic"ca*tive, a. Etym: [L. siccativus.]

Defn: Drying; causing to dry.
 -- n.

Defn: That which promotes drying.

SICCIFIC
Sic*cif"ic, a.Etym: [L. siccificus; siccus dry + facere to make. See
-fy.]

Defn: Causing dryness.

SICCITY
Sic"ci*ty, n. Etym: [L. siccitas, fr. siccus dry.]

Defn: Dryness; aridity; destitution of moisture. [Obs.]
The siccity and dryness of its flesh. Sir T. Browne.

SICE
Sice, n. Etym: [F. six, fr. L. sex six. See Six.]

Defn: The number six at dice.

SICER
Si"cer, n. Etym: [L. sicera. See Cider.]

Defn: A strong drink; cider. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SICH
Sich, a.

Defn: Such. [Obs. or Colloq.] Spenser.

SICILIAN
Si*cil"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Sicily or its inhabitants. Sicilian
vespers, the great massacre of the French in Sicily, in the year
1282, on the evening of Easter Monday, at the hour of vespers.

SICILIAN
Si*cil"i*an, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Sicily.

SICILIANO
Si*ci`li*a"no, n. Etym: [It., Sicilian.]

Defn: A Sicilian dance, resembling the pastorale, set to a rather
slow and graceful melody in 12-8 or 6-8 measure; also, the music to
the dance.

SICILIENNE
Si`ci`lienne", n. Etym: [F., fem. of sicilien Sicilian.]

Defn: A kind of rich poplin.

SICK
Sick, a. [Compar. Sicker; superl. Sickest.] Etym: [OE. sek, sik, ill,
AS. seóc; akin to OS. siok, seoc, OFries. siak, D. ziek, G. siech,
OHG. sioh, Icel. sj, Sw. sjuk, Dan. syg, Goth. siuks ill, siukan to
be ill.]

1. Affected with disease of any kind; ill; indisposed; not in health.
See the Synonym under Illness.
Simon's wife's mother lay sick of a fever. Mark i. 30.
Behold them that are sick with famine. Jer. xiv. 18.

2. Affected with, or attended by, nausea; inclined to vomit; as, sick
at the stomach; a sick headache.

3. Having a strong dislike; disgusted; surfeited; -- with of; as, to
be sick of flattery.
He was not so sick of his master as of his work. L'Estrange.

4. Corrupted; imperfect; impaired; weakned.
So great is his antipathy against episcopacy, that, if a seraphim
himself should be a bishop, he would either find or make some sick
feathers in his wings. Fuller.
Sick bay (Naut.), an apartment in a vessel, used as the ship's
hospital.
 -- Sick bed, the bed upon which a person lies sick.
 -- Sick berth, an apartment for the sick in a ship of war.
 -- Sick headache (Med.), a variety of headache attended with
disorder of the stomach and nausea.
 -- Sick list, a list containing the names of the sick.
 -- Sick room, a room in which a person lies sick, or to which he is
confined by sickness.

Note: [These terms, sick bed, sick berth, etc., are also written both
hyphened and solid.]

Syn.
 -- Diseased; ill; disordered; distempered; indisposed; weak; ailing;
feeble; morbid.

SICK
Sick, n.

Defn: Sickness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SICK
Sick, v. i.

Defn: To fall sick; to sicken. [Obs.] Shak.

SICK-BRAINED
Sick"-brained`, a.

Defn: Disordered in the brain.

SICKEN
Sick"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sickened; p. pr. & vb. n. Sickening.]

1. To make sick; to disease.
Raise this strength, and sicken that to death. Prior.

2. To make qualmish; to nauseate; to disgust; as, to sicken the
stomach.

3. To impair; to weaken. [Obs.] Shak.

SICKEN
Sick"en, v. i.

1. To become sick; to fall into disease.
The judges that sat upon the jail, and those that attended, sickened
upon it and died. Bacon.

2. To be filled to disgust; to be disgusted or nauseated; to be
filled with abhorrence or aversion; to be surfeited or satiated.
Mine eyes did sicken at the sight. Shak.

3. To become disgusting or tedious.
The toiling pleasure sickens into pain. Goldsmith.

4. To become weak; to decay; to languish.
All pleasures sicken, and all glories sink. Pope.

SICKENING
Sick"en*ing, a.

Defn: Causing sickness; specif., causing surfeit or disgust;
nauseating.
 -- Sick"en*ing*ly, adv.

SICKER
Sick"er, v. i. Etym: [AS. sicerian.] (Mining)

Defn: To percolate, trickle, or ooze, as water through a crack. [Also
written sigger, zigger, and zifhyr.] [Prov. Eng.]

SICKER; SIKER
Sick"er, Sik"er, a. Etym: [OE. siker; cf. OS. sikur, LG. seker, D.
zeker, Dan. sikker, OHG. sihhur, G. sicher; all fr. L. securus. See
Secure, Sure.]

Defn: Sure; certain; trusty. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns.
When he is siker of his good name. Chaucer.

SICKER; SIKER
Sick"er, Sik"er, adv.

Defn: Surely; certainly. [Obs.]
Believe this as siker as your creed. Chaucer.
Sicker, Willye, thou warnest well. Spenser.

SICKERLY; SIKERLY
Sick"er*ly, Sik"er*ly, adv.

Defn: Surely; securely. [Obs.]
But sikerly, withouten any fable. Chaucer.

SICKERNESS; SIKERNESS
Sick"er*ness, Sik"er*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sicker, or certain. [Obs.]
Chaucer. Spenser.

SICKISH
Sick"ish, a.

1. Somewhat sick or diseased.

2. Somewhat sickening; as, a sickish taste.
 -- Sick"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Sick"ish*ness, n.

SICKLE
Sic"kle, n. Etym: [OE. sikel, AS. sicol; akin to D. sikkel, G.
sichel, OHG. sihhila, Dan. segel, segl, L. secula, fr. secare to cut;
or perhaps from L. secula. See Saw a cutting instrument.]

1. A reaping instrument consisting of a steel blade curved into the
form of a hook, and having a handle fitted on a tang. The sickle has
one side of the blade notched, so as always to sharpen with a
serrated edge. Cf. Reaping hook, under Reap.
When corn has once felt the sickle, it has no more benefit from the
sunshine. Shak.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A group of stars in the constellation Leo. See Illust. of Leo.
Sickle pod (Bot.), a kind of rock cress (Arabis Canadensis) having
very long curved pods.

SICKLEBILL
Sic"kle*bill`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of three species of humming birds of the genus Eutoxeres,
native of Central and South America. They have a long and strongly
curved bill. Called also the sickle-billed hummer.
(b) A curlew.
(c) A bird of the genus Epimachus and allied genera.

SICKLED
Sic"kled, a.

Defn: Furnished with a sickle.

SICKLEMAN
Sic"kle*man, n.; pl. Sicklemen (.

Defn: One who uses a sickle; a reaper.
You sunburned sicklemen, of August weary. Shak.

SICKLER
Sic"kler, n.

Defn: One who uses a sickle; a sickleman; a reaper.

SICKLESS
Sick"less, a.

Defn: Free from sickness. [R.]
Give me long breath, young beds, and sickless ease. Marston.

SICKLEWORT
Sic"kle*wort`, n. Etym: [AS. sicolwyrt.] (Bot.)
(a) A plant of the genus Coronilla (C. scorpioides); -- so named from
its curved pods.
(b) The healall (Brunella vulgaris).

SICKLIED
Sick"lied, a.

Defn: Made sickly. See Sickly, v.

SICKLINESS
Sick"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sickly.

SICKLY
Sick"ly, a. [Compar. Sicklier; superl. Sickliest.]

1. Somewhat sick; disposed to illness; attended with disease; as, a
sickly body.
This physic but prolongs thy sickly days. Shak.

2. Producing, or tending to, disease; as, a sickly autumn; a sickly
climate. Cowper.

3. Appearing as if sick; weak; languid; pale.
The moon grows sickly at the sight of day. Dryden.
Nor torrid summer's sickly smile. Keble.

4. Tending to produce nausea; sickening; as, a sickly smell; sickly
sentimentality.

Syn.
 -- Diseased; ailing; infirm; weakly; unhealthy; healthless; weak;
feeble; languid; faint.

SICKLY
Sick"ly, adv.

Defn: In a sick manner or condition; ill.
My people sickly [with ill will] beareth our marriage. Chaucer.

SICKLY
Sick"ly, v. t.

Defn: To make sick or sickly; -- with over, and probably only in the
past participle. [R.]
Sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought. Shak.
Sentiments sicklied over . . . with that cloying heaviness into which
unvaried sweetness is too apt to subside. Jeffrey.

SICKNESS
Sick"ness, n. Etym: [AS. seócness.]

1. The quality or state of being sick or diseased; illness; sisease
or malady.
I do lament the sickness of the king. Shak.
Trust not too much your now resistless charms; Those, age or sickness
soon or late disarms. Pope.

2. Nausea; qualmishness; as, sickness of stomach.

Syn.
 -- Illness; disease; malady. See Illness.

SICLE
Si"cle, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. silcus, Heb. shegel. See Shekel.]

Defn: A shekel. [Obs.]
The holy mother brought five sicles and a pair of turtledoves to
redeem the Lamb of God. Jer. Taylor.

SIDA
Si"da, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of malvaceous plants common in the tropics. All the
species are mucilaginous, and some have tough ligneous fibers which
are used as a substitute for hemp and flax. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

SIDDOW
Sid"dow, a.

Defn: Soft; pulpy. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SIDE
Side, n. Etym: [AS. side; akin to D. zijde, G. seite, OHG. sita,
Icel. si, Dan. side, Sw. sida; cf. AS. sid large, spacious, Icel. si
long, hanging.]

1. The margin, edge, verge, or border of a surface; especially (when
the thing spoken of is somewhat oblong in shape), one of the longer
edges as distinguished from the shorter edges, called ends; a
bounding line of a geometrical figure; as, the side of a field, of a
square or triangle, of a river, of a road, etc.

3. Any outer portion of a thing considered apart from, and yet in
relation to, the rest; as, the upper side of a sphere; also, any part
or position viewed as opposite to or contrasted with another; as,
this or that side.
Looking round on every side beheld A pathless desert. Milton.

4.
(a) One of the halves of the body, of an animals or man, on either
side of the mesial plane; or that which pertains to such a half; as,
a side of beef; a side of sole leather.
(b) The right or left part of the wall or trunk of the body; as, a
pain in the side.
One of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side. John xix. 34.

5. A slope or declivity, as of a hill, considered as opposed to
another slope over the ridge.
Along the side of yon small hill. Milton.

6. The position of a person or party regarded as opposed to another
person or party, whether as a rival or a foe; a body of advocates or
partisans; a party; hence, the interest or cause which one maintains
against another; a doctrine or view opposed to another.
God on our side, doubt not of victory. Shak.
We have not always been of the . . . same side in politics. Landor.
Sets the passions on the side of truth. Pope.

7. A line of descent traced through one parent as distinguished from
that traced through another.
To sit upon thy father David's throne, By mother's side thy father.
Milton.

8. Fig.: Aspect or part regarded as contrasted with some other; as,
the bright side of poverty. By the side of, close at hand; near to.
 -- Exterior side. (Fort.) See Exterior, and Illust. of Ravelin.
 -- Interior side (Fort.), the line drawn from the center of one
bastion to that of the next, or the line curtain produced to the two
oblique radii in front. H. L. Scott.
 -- Side by side, close together and abreast; in company or along
with.
 -- To choose sides, to select those who shall compete, as in a game,
on either side.
 -- To take sides, to attach one's self to, or give assistance to,
one of two opposing sides or parties.

SIDE
Side, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a side, or the sides; being on the side, or
toward the side; lateral.
One mighty squadron with a side wind sped. Dryden.

2. Hence, indirect; oblique; collateral; incidental; as, a side
issue; a side view or remark.
The law hath no side respect to their persons. Hooker.

3. Etym: [AS. sid. Cf Side, n.]

Defn: Long; large; extensive. [Obs. or Scot.] Shak.
His gown had side sleeves down to mid leg. Laneham.
Side action, in breech-loading firearms, a mechanism for operating
the breech block, which is moved by a lever that turns sidewise.
 -- Side arms, weapons worn at the side, as sword, bayonet, pistols,
etc.
 -- Side ax, an ax of which the handle is bent to one side.
 -- Side-bar rule (Eng. Law.), a rule authorized by the courts to be
granted by their officers as a matter of course, without formal
application being made to them in open court; -- so called because
anciently moved for by the attorneys at side bar, that is,
informally. Burril.
 -- Side box, a box or inclosed seat on the side of a theater.
To insure a side-box station at half price. Cowper.
-- Side chain, one of two safety chains connecting a tender with a
locomotive, at the sides.
 -- Side cut, a canal or road branching out from the main one. [U.S.]
-- Side dish, one of the dishes subordinate to the main course.
 -- Side glance, a glance or brief look to one side.
 -- Side hook (Carp.), a notched piece of wood for clamping a board
to something, as a bench.
 -- Side lever, a working beam of a side-lever engine.
 -- Side-lever engine, a marine steam engine having a working beam of
each side of the cylinder, near the bottom of the engine,
communicating motion to a crank that is above them.
 -- Side pipe (Steam Engine), a steam or exhaust pipe connecting the
upper and lower steam chests of the cylinder of a beam engine.
 -- Side plane, a plane in which the cutting edge of the iron is at
the side of the stock.
 -- Side posts (Carp.), posts in a truss, usually placed in pairs,
each post set at the same distance from the middle of the truss, for
supporting the principal rafters, hanging the tiebeam, etc.
 -- Side rod. (a) One of the rods which connect the piston-rod
crosshead with the side levers, in a side-lever engine. (b) See
Parallel rod, under Parallel.
 -- Side screw (Firearms), one of the screws by which the lock is
secured to the side of a firearm stock.
 -- Side table, a table placed either against the wall or aside from
the principal table.
 -- Side tool (Mach.), a cutting tool, used in a lathe or planer,
having the cutting edge at the side instead of at the point.
 -- Side wind, a wind from one side; hence, an indirect attack, or
indirect means. Wright.

SIDE
Side, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sided; p. pr.& vb. n. Siding.]

1. To lean on one side. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. To embrace the opinions of one party, or engage in its interest,
in opposition to another party; to take sides; as, to side with the
ministerial party.
All side in parties, and begin the attack. Pope.

SIDE
Side, v. t.

1. To be or stand at the side of; to be on the side toward. [Obs.]
His blind eye that sided Paridell. Spenser.

2. To suit; to pair; to match. [Obs.] Clarendon.

3. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: To work (a timber or rib) to a certain thickness by trimming
the sides.

4. To furnish with a siding; as, to side a house.

SIDEBOARD
Side"board`, n.

Defn: A piece of dining-room furniture having compartments and
shelves for keeping or displaying articles of table service.
At a stately sideboard, by the wine, That fragrant smell diffused.
Milton.

SIDEBONE
Side"bone`, n. (Far.)

Defn: A morbid growth or deposit of bony matter and at the sides of
the coronet and coffin bone of a horse. J. H. Walsh.

SIDE-CHAIN THEORY
Side"-chain` the`o*ry. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A theory proposed by Ehrlich as a chemical explanation of
immunity phenomena. In brief outline it is as follows: Animal cells
and bacteria are complex aggregations of molecules, which are
themselves complex. Complex molecules react with one another through
certain of their side chains, but only when these side chains have a
definite correspondence in structure (this account for the specific
action of antitoxins).

SIDED
Sid"ed, a.

Defn: Having (such or so many) sides; -- used in composition; as,
one-sided; many-sided.

SIDEFLASH
Side"flash`, n. (Elec.)

Defn: A disruptive discharge between a conductor traversed by an
oscillatory current of high frequency (as lightning) and neighboring
masses of metal, or between different parts of the same conductor.

SIDEHILL
Side"hill`, n.

Defn: The side or slope of a hill; sloping ground; a descent. [U. S.]

SIDE LINE
Side line.

1.
 (a) A line pert. or attached to the side of a thing.
 (b) Specif., a line for hobbling an animal by connecting the fore
and the hind feet of the same side.

2.
 (a) A line of goods sold in addition to one's principal articles of
trade; a course of business pursued aside from one's regular
occupation.
 (b) A secondary road; esp., a byroad at right angles to a main road.
[Canada]

SIDELING
Side"ling, adv. Etym: [OE. sideling, fr. side side. See Side, and cf.
Sidelong, Headlong.]

Defn: Sidelong; on the side; laterally; also, obliquely; askew.
A fellow nailed up maps . . . some sideling, and others upside down.
Swift.

SIDELING
Side"ling, a.

Defn: Inclining to one sidel directed toward one side; sloping;
inclined; as, sideling ground.

SIDELONG
Side"long`, adv. Etym: [See Sideling, adv.]

1. Laterally; obliquely; in the direction of the side.

2. On the side; as, to lay a thing sidelong.

Note: [See Sideling, adv. ] Evelyn.

SIDELONG
Side"long`, a.

Defn: Lateral; oblique; not being directly in front; as, a sidelong
glance.
The bashful virgin's sidelong looks of love. Goldsmith.

SIDEPIECE
Side"piece`, n. (Joinery)

Defn: The jamb, or cheek, of an opening in a wall, as of door or
window.

SIDER
Sid"er, n.

Defn: One who takes a side.

SIDER
Si"der, n.

Defn: Cider. [Obs.]

SIDERAL
Sid"er*al, a. Etym: [L. sideralis. See Sidereal.]

1. Relating to the stars.

2. (Astrol.)

Defn: Affecting unfavorably by the supposed influence of the stars;
baleful. "Sideral blast." Milton.

SIDERATED
Sid"er*a`ted, a. Etym: [L. sideratus, p. p. of siderari to be blasted
by a constellation, fr. sidus, sideris, a constellation.]

Defn: Planet-struck; blasted. [Obs.]

SIDERATION
Sid`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. sideratio.]

Defn: The state of being siderated, or planet-struck; esp., blast in
plants; also, a sudden and apparently causeless stroke of disease, as
in apoplexy or paralysis. [Obs.] Ray.

SIDEREAL
Si*de"re*al, a. Etym: [L. sidereus, from sidus, sideris, a
constellation, a star. Cf. Sideral, Consider, Desire.]

1. Relating to the stars; starry; astral; as, sidereal astronomy.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: Measuring by the apparent motion of the stars; designated,
marked out, or accompanied, by a return to the same position in
respect to the stars; as, the sidereal revolution of a planet; a
sidereal day. Sidereal clock, day, month, year. See under Clock, Day,
etc.
 -- Sideral time, time as reckoned by sideral days, or, taking the
sidereal day as the unit, the time elapsed since a transit of the
vernal equinox, reckoned in parts of a sidereal day. This is,
strictly, apparent sidereal time, mean sidereal time being reckoned
from the transit, not of the true, but of the mean, equinoctial
point.

SIDEREALIZE
Si*de"re*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To elevate to the stars, or to the region of the stars; to
etherealize.
German literature transformed, siderealized, as we see it in Goethe,
reckons Winckelmann among its initiators. W. Pater.

SIDEREOUS
Si*de"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. sidereus.]

Defn: Sidereal. [Obs.]

SIDERITE
Sid"er*ite, n. Etym: [L. sideritis loadstone, Gr.

1. (Min.)
(a) Carbonate of iron, an important ore of iron occuring generally in
cleavable masses, but also in rhombohedral crystals. It is of a light
yellowish brown color. Called also sparry iron, spathic iron.
(b) A meteorite consisting solely of metallic iron.
(c) An indigo-blue variety of quartz.
(d) Formerly, magnetic iron ore, or loadstone.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Sideritis; ironwort.

SIDEROGRAPHIC; SIDEROGRAPHICAL
Sid`er*o*graph"ic, Sid`er*o*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to siderography; executed by engraved plates
of steel; as, siderographic art; siderographic impressions.

SIDEROGRAPHIST
Sid`er*og"ra*phist, n.

Defn: One skilled in siderography.

SIDEROGRAPHY
Sid`er*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: The art or practice of steel engraving; especially, the
process, invented by Perkins, of multiplying facsimiles of an
engraved steel plate by first rolling over it, when hardened, a soft
steel cylinder, and then rolling the cylinder, when hardened, over a
soft steel plate, which thus becomes a facsimile of the original. The
process has been superseded by electrotypy.

SIDEROLITE
Sid"er*o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.]

Defn: A kind of meteorite. See under Meteorite.

SIDEROMANCY
Sid"er*o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by burning straws on red-hot iron, and noting the
manner of their burning. Craig.

SIDEROSCOPE
Sid"er*o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: An instrument for detecting small quantities of iron in any
substance by means of a very delicate combination of magnetic
needles.

SIDEROSIS
Sid`e*ro"sis, n.Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A sort of pneumonia occuring in iron workers, produced by the
inhalation of particles of iron.

SIDEROSTAT
Sid"er*o*stat, n. Etym: [L. sidus, sideris, a star + Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: An apparatus consisting essentially of a mirror moved by
clockwork so as to throw the rays of the sun or a star in a fixed
direction; -- a more general term for heliostat.

SIDEROXYLON
Sid`e*rox"y*lon, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tropical sapotaceous trees noted for their very hard
wood; ironwood.

SIDESADDLE
Side"sad`dle, n.

Defn: A saddle for women, in which the rider sits with both feet on
one side of the animal mounted. Sidesaddle flower (Bot.), a plant
with hollow leaves and curiously shaped flowers; -- called also
huntsman's cup. See Sarracenia.

SIDE SLIP
Side slip.

Defn: See Skid, below.

SIDE-SLIP
Side"-slip`, v. i.

Defn: See Skid, below.

SIDESMAN
Sides"man, n.; pl. Sidesmen (.

1. A party man; a partisan. Milton.

2. An assistant to the churchwarden; a questman.

SIDE-TAKING
Side"-tak`ing, n.

Defn: A taking sides, as with a party, sect, or faction. Bp. Hall.

SIDETRACK
Side"track`, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Sidetracked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sidetracking.]

1. (Railroads) To transfer to a siding from a main line of track.

2.  Hence, fig., to divert or reduce to a position or condition that
is relatively secondary or subordinate in activity, importance,
effectiveness, or the like; to switch off; to turn aside, as from a
purpose. [Colloq.]

Such a project was, in fact, sidetracked in favor of the census of
school children.
Pop. Sci. Monthly.

SIDEWALK
Side"walk`, n.

Defn: A walk for foot passengers at the side of a street or road; a
foot pavement. [U.S.]

SIDEWAYS
Side"ways`, adv.

Defn: Toward the side; sidewise.
A second refraction made sideways. Sir I. Newton.
His beard, a good palm's length, at least, . . . Shot sideways, like
a swallow's wings. Longfellow.

SIDE-WHEEL
Side"-wheel`, a.

Defn: Having a paddle wheel on each side; -- said of steam vessels;
as, a side-wheel steamer.

SIDEWINDER
Side"wind`er, n.

1. (Zoöl.) See Horned rattler, under Horned.

2. A heavy swinging blow from the side, which disables an adversary.
[Slang.]

SIDEWISE
Side"wise`, adv.

Defn: On or toward one side; laterally; sideways.
I saw them mask their awful glance Sidewise meek in gossamer lids.
Emerson.

SIDING
Sid"ing, n.

1. Attaching one's self to a party.

2. A side track, as a railroad; a turnout.

3. (Carp.)

Defn: The covering of the outside wall of a frame house, whether made
of weatherboards, vertical boarding with cleats, shingles, or the
like.

4. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: The thickness of a rib or timber, measured, at right angles
with its side, across the curved edge; as, a timber having a siding
of ten inches.

SIDLE
Si"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sidled; p. pr. & vb. n. Sidling.] Etym:
[From Side.]

Defn: To go or move with one side foremost; to move sidewise; as, to
sidle through a crowd or narrow opening. Swift.
He . . . then sidled close to the astonished girl. Sir W. Scott.

SIEGE
Siege, n. Etym: [OE. sege, OF. siege, F. siège a seat, a siege; cf.
It. seggia, seggio, zedio, a seat, asseggio, assedio, a siege, F.
assiéger to besiege, It. & LL. assediare, L. obsidium a siege,
besieging; all ultimately fr. L. sedere to sit. See Sit, and cf. See,
n.]

1. A seat; especially, a royal seat; a throne. [Obs.] "Upon the very
siege of justice." Shak.
A stately siege of sovereign majesty, And thereon sat a woman
gorgeous gay. Spenser.
In our great hall there stood a vacant chair . . . And Merlin called
it "The siege perilous." Tennyson.

2. Hence, place or situation; seat. [Obs.]
Ah! traitorous eyes, come out of your shameless siege forever.
Painter (Palace of Pleasure).

3. Rank; grade; station; estimation. [Obs.]
I fetch my life and being From men of royal siege. Shak.

4. Passage of excrements; stool; fecal matter. [Obs.]
The siege of this mooncalf. Shak.

5. The sitting of an army around or before a fortified place for the
purpose of compelling the garrison to surrender; the surrounding or
investing of a place by an army, and approaching it by passages and
advanced works, which cover the besiegers from the enemy's fire. See
the Note under Blockade.

6. Hence, a continued attempt to gain possession.
Love stood the siege, and would not yield his breast. Dryden.

7. The floor of a glass-furnace.

8. A workman's bench. Knught. Siege gun, a heavy gun for siege
operations.
 -- Siege train, artillery adapted for attacking fortified places.

SIEGE
Siege, v. t.

Defn: To besiege; to beset. [R.]
Through all the dangers that can siege The life of man. Buron.

SIEGEWORK
Siege"work`, n.

Defn: A temporary fort or parallel where siege guns are mounted.

SIEMENS-MARTIN PROCESS
Sie"mens-Mar`tin proc"ess.

Defn: See Open-hearth process, etc., under Open.

SIEMENS-MARTIN STEEL
Sie"mens-Mar"tin steel.

Defn: See Open-hearth steel, under Open.

SIENITE
Si"e*nite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Syenite.

SIENITIC
Si`e*nit"ic, a.

Defn: See Syenitic.

SIENNA
Si*en"na, n. Etym: [It. terra di Siena, fr. Siena in Italy.] (Chem.)

Defn: Clay that is colored red or brown by the oxides of iron or
manganese, and used as a pigment. It is used either in the raw state
or burnt. Burnt sienna, sienna made of a much redder color by the
action of fire.
 -- Raw sienna, sienna in its natural state, of a transparent
yellowish brown color.

SIENNESE
Si`en*nese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Sienna, a city of Italy.

SIERRA
Si*er"ra, n. Etym: [Sp., properly, a saw, fr. L. serra a saw. See
Serrate.]

Defn: A ridge of mountain and craggy rocks, with a serrated or
irregular outline; as, the Sierra Nevada.
The wild sierra overhead. Whitter.

SIESTA
Si*es"ta, n. Etym: [Sp., probably fr. L. sessitare to sit much or
long, v. freq. of sedere, sessum, to sit. See Sit.]

Defn: A short sleep taken about the middle of the day, or after
dinner; a midday nap.

SIEUR
Sieur, n. Etym: [F., abbrev. from seigneur. Cf. Monsieur, Seignior.]

Defn: Sir; -- a title of respect used by the French.

SIEVA
Sie"va, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small variety of the Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus).

SIEVE
Sieve, n. Etym: [OE. sive, AS. sife; akin to D. zeef, zift, OHG. sib,
G. sieb. sq. root151a. Cf. Sift.]

1. A utensil for separating the finer and coarser parts of a
pulverized or granulated substance from each other. It consist of a
vessel, usually shallow, with the bottom perforated, or made of hair,
wire, or the like, woven in meshes. "In a sieve thrown and sifted."
Chaucer.

2. A kind of coarse basket. Simmonds. Sieve cells (Bot.), cribriform
cells. See under Cribriform.

SIFAC
Si"fac, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The white indris of Madagascar. It is regarded by the natives
as sacred.

SIFFLEMENT
Sif"fle*ment, n. Etym: [F., a whistling or hissing.]

Defn: The act of whistling or hissing; a whistling sound; sibilation.
[Obs.] A. Brewer.

SIFILET
Sif"i*let, n. Etym: [Cf. F. siflet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The six-shafted bird of paradise. See Paradise bird, under
Paradise.

SIFT
Sift, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sifting.] Etym:
[AS. siftan, from sife sieve. sq. root151a. See Sieve.]

1. To separate with a sieve, as the fine part of a substance from the
coarse; as, to sift meal or flour; to sift powder; to sift sand or
lime.

2. To separate or part as if with a sieve.
When yellow sands are sifted from below, The glittering billows give
a golden show. Dryden.

3. To examine critically or minutely; to scrutinize.
Sifting the very utmost sentence and syllable. Hooker.
Opportunity I here have had To try thee, sift thee. Milton.
Let him but narrowly sift his ideas. I. Taylor.
To sift out, to search out with care, as if by sifting.

SIFTER
Sift"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, sifts.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any lamellirostral bird, as a duck or goose; -- so called
because it sifts or strains its food from the water and mud by means
of the lamell

SIG
Sig, n. Etym: [Akin to AS. sigan to fall. sq. root151a. See Sink, v.
t.]

Defn: Urine. [Prov. Eng.]

SIGAULTIAN
Si*gaul"ti*an, a. (Surg.)

Defn: Pertaining to Sigault, a French physician. See Symphyseotomy.

SIGGER
Sig"ger, v. i.

Defn: Same as Sicker. [Prov. Eng.]

SIGH
Sigh, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sighed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sighing.] Etym:
[OE. sighen, si; cf. also OE. siken, AS. sican, and OE. sighten, si,
sichten, AS. siccettan; all, perhaps, of imitative origin.]

1. To inhale a larger quantity of air than usual, and immediately
expel it; to make a deep single audible respiration, especially as
the result or involuntary expression of fatigue, exhaustion, grief,
sorrow, or the like.

2. Hence, to lament; to grieve.
He sighed deeply in his spirit. Mark viii. 12.

3. To make a sound like sighing.
And the coming wind did roar more loud, And the sails did sigh like
sedge. Coleridge.
The winter winds are wearily sighing. Tennyson.

Note: An extraordinary pronunciation of this word as sith is still
heard in England and among the illiterate in the United States.

SIGH
Sigh, v. t.

1. To exhale (the breath) in sighs.
Never man sighed truer breath. Shak.

2. To utter sighs over; to lament or mourn over.
Ages to come, and men unborn, Shall bless her name, and sigh her
fate. Pior.

3. To express by sighs; to utter in or with sighs.
They . . . sighed forth proverbs. Shak.
The gentle swain . . . sighs back her grief. Hoole.

SIGH
Sigh, n. Etym: [OE. sigh; cf. OE. sik. See Sigh, v. i.]

1. A deep and prolonged audible inspiration or respiration of air, as
when fatigued or grieved; the act of sighing.
I could drive the boat with my sighs. Shak.

2. Figuratively, a manifestation of grief; a lan
With their sighs the air Frequenting, sent from hearts contrite.
Milton.

SIGH-BORN
Sigh"-born`, a.

Defn: Sorrowful; mournful. [R.] "Sigh-born thoughts." De Quincey.

SIGHER
Sigh"er, n.

Defn: One who sighs.

SIGHING
Sigh"ing, a.

Defn: Uttering sighs; grieving; lamenting. "Sighing millions."
Cowper.
 -- Sigh"ing*ly, adv.

SIGHT
Sight, n. Etym: [OE. sight, si, siht, AS. siht, gesiht, gesih,
gesieh, gesyh; akin to D. gezicht, G. sicht, gesicht, Dan. sigte, Sw.
sigt, from the root of E. see. See See, v. t.]

1. The act of seeing; perception of objects by the eye; view; as, to
gain sight of land.
A cloud received him out of their sight. Acts. i. 9.

2. The power of seeing; the faculty of vision, or of perceiving
objects by the instrumentality of the eyes.
Thy sight is young, And thou shalt read when mine begin to dazzle.
Shak.
O loss of sight, of thee I most complain! Milton.

3. The state of admitting unobstructed vision; visibility; open view;
region which the eye at one time surveys; space through which the
power of vision extends; as, an object within sight.

4. A spectacle; a view; a show; something worth seeing.
Moses said, I will now turn aside and see this great sight, why the
bush is not burnt. Ex. iii. 3.
They never saw a sight so fair. Spenser.

5. The instrument of seeing; the eye.
Why cloud they not their sights Shak.

6. Inspection; examination; as, a letter intended for the sight of
only one person.

7. Mental view; opinion; judgment; as, in their sight it was
harmless. Wake.
That which is highly esteemed among men is abomination in the sight
of God. Luke xvi. 15.

8. A small aperture through which objects are to be seen, and by
which their direction is settled or ascertained; as, the sight of a
quadrant.
Thier eyes of fire sparking through sights of steel. Shak.

9. A small piece of metal, fixed or movable, on the breech, muzzle,
center, or trunnion of a gun, or on the breech and the muzzle of a
rifle, pistol, etc., by means of which the eye is guided in aiming.
Farrow.

10. In a drawing, picture, etc., that part of the surface, as of
paper or canvas, which is within the frame or the border or margin.
In a frame or the like, the open space, the opening.

11. A great number, quantity, or sum; as, a sight of money. [Now
colloquial]

Note: Sight in this last sense was formerly employed in the best
usage. "A sight of lawyers." Latimer.
A wonder sight of flowers. Gower.
At sight, as soon as seen, or presented to sight; as, a draft payable
at sight: to read Greek at sight; to shoot a person at sight.
 -- Front sight (Firearms), the sight nearest the muzzle.
 -- Open sight. (Firearms) (a) A front sight through which the
objects aimed at may be seen, in distinction from one that hides the
object. (b) A rear sight having an open notch instead of an aperture.
 -- Peep sight, Rear sight. See under Peep, and Rear.
 -- Sight draft, an order, or bill of exchange, directing the payment
of money at sight.
 -- To take sight, to take aim; to look for the purpose of directing
a piece of artillery, or the like.

Syn.
 -- Vision; view; show; spectacle; representation; exhibition.

SIGHT
Sight, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sighting.]

1. To get sight of; to see; as, to sight land; to sight a wreck.
Kane.

2. To look at through a sight; to see accurately; as, to sight an
object, as a star.

3. To apply sights to; to adjust the sights of; also, to give the
proper elevation and direction to by means of a sight; as, to sight a
rifle or a cannon.

SIGHT
Sight, v. i. (Mil.)

Defn: To take aim by a sight.

SIGHTED
Sight"ed, a.

Defn: Having sight, or seeing, in a particular manner; -- used in
composition; as, long-sighted, short-sighted, quick-sighted, sharp-
sighted, and the like.

SIGHTFUL
Sight"ful, a.

Defn: Easily or clearly seen; distinctly visible; perspicuous. [Obs.]
Testament of Love.

SIGHTFULNESS
Sight"ful*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being sightful; perspicuity. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

SIGHT-HOLE
Sight"-hole`, n.

Defn: A hole for looking through; a peephole. "Stop all sight-holes."
Shak.

SIGHTING
Sight"ing, a & n.

Defn: from Sight, v. t. Sighting shot, a shot made to ascertain
whether the sights of a firearm are properly adjusted; a trial shot.

SIGHTLESS
Sight"less, a.

1. Wanting sight; without sight; blind.
Of all who blindly creep or sightless soar. Pope.

2. That can not be seen; invisible. [Obs.]
The sightless couriers of the air. Shak.

3. Offensive or unpleasing to the eye; unsightly; as, sightless
stains. [R.] Shak.
 -- Sight"less*ly, adv.- Sight"less*ness, n.

SIGHTLINESS
Sight"li*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being sightly; comeliness; conspicuousness.

SIGHTLY
Sight"ly, a.

1. Pleasing to the sight; comely. "Many brave, sightly horses."
L'Estrange.

2. Open to sight; conspicuous; as, a house stands in a sightly place.

SIGHTPROOF
Sight"proof`, a.

Defn: Undiscoverable to sight.
Hidden in their own sightproof bush. Lowell.

SIGHT-SEEING
Sight"-see`ing, a.

Defn: Engaged in, or given to, seeing sights; eager for novelties or
curiosities.

SIGHT-SEEING
Sight"-see`ing, n.

Defn: The act of seeing sights; eagerness for novelties or
curiosities.

SIGHT-SEER
Sight"-se`er, n.

Defn: One given to seeing sights or noted things, or eager for
novelties or curiosities.

SIGHT-SHOT
Sight"-shot`, n.

Defn: Distance to which the sight can reach or be thrown. [R.]
Cowley.

SIGHTSMAN
Sights"man, n.; pl. Sightsmen (. (Mus.)

Defn: One who reads or performs music readily at first sight. [R.]
Busby.

SIGIL
Sig"il, n. Etym: [L. sigillum. See Seal a stamp.]

Defn: A seal; a signature. Dryden.
Of talismans and sigils knew the power. Pope.

SIGILLARIA
Sig`il*la"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [L., from sigillum a seal. See Sigil.]
(Rom. Antic.)

Defn: Little images or figures of earthenware exposed for sale, or
given as presents, on the last two days of the Saturnalia; hence, the
last two, or the sixth and seventh, days of the Saturnalia.

SIGILLARIA
Sig`il*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fem sing. fr. L. sigillum a seal.]
(Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of fossil trees principally found in the coal
formation; -- so named from the seallike leaf scars in vertical rows
on the surface.

SIGILLARID
Sig`il*la"rid, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: One of an extinct family of cryptagamous trees, including the
genus Sigillaria and its allies.

SIGILLATED
Sig"il*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. sigillatus adorned with little images.]

Defn: Decorated by means of stamps; -- said of pottery.

SIGILLATIVE
Sig"il*la*tive, a. Etym: [L. sigillum a seal: cf. OF. sigillatif.]

Defn: Fit to seal; belonging to a seal; composed of wax. [R.]

SIGILLUM
Si*gil"lum, n.; pl. Sigilla. Etym: [L.] (Rom. & Old Eng. Law)

Defn: A seal.

SIGLA
Sig"la, n. pl. Etym: [L.]

Defn: The signs, abbreviations, letters, or characters standing for
words, shorthand, etc., in ancient manuscripts, or on coins, medals,
etc. W. Savage.

SIGMA
Sig"ma, n.; pl. Sigmas. Etym: [L., from Gr.

Defn: The Greek letter S, or s). It originally had the form of the
English C.

SIGMODONT
Sig"mo*dont, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of a tribe (Sigmodontes) of rodents which includes all
the indigenous rats and mice of America. So called from the form of
the ridges of enamel on the crowns of the worn molars. Also used
adjectively.

SIGMOID; SIGMOIDAL
Sig"moid, Sig*moid"al, a. Etym: [Gr. sigmoïde.]

Defn: Curved in two directions, like the letter S, or the Greek s.
Sigmoid flexure (Anat.), the last curve of the colon before it
terminates in the rectum. See Illust. under Digestive.
 -- Sigmoid valves. (Anat.) See Semilunar valves, under Semilunar.

SIGMOIDALLY
Sig*moid"al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sigmoidal manner.

SIGN
Sign, n. Etym: [F. signe, L. signum; cf. AS. segen, segn, a sign,
standard, banner, also fr. L. signum. Cf. Ensign, Resign, Seal a
stamp, Signal, Signet.]

Defn: That by which anything is made known or represented; that which
furnishes evidence; a mark; a token; an indication; a proof.
Specifically:
(a) A remarkable event, considered by the ancients as indicating the
will of some deity; a prodigy; an omen.
(b) An event considered by the Jews as indicating the divine will, or
as manifesting an interposition of the divine power for some special
end; a miracle; a wonder.
Through mighty signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God.
Rom. xv. 19.
It shall come to pass, if they will not believe thee, neither hearken
to the voice of the first sign, that they will believe the voice of
the latter sign. Ex. iv. 8.

(c) Something serving to indicate the existence, or preserve the
memory, of a thing; a token; a memorial; a monument.
What time the fire devoured two hundred and fifty men, and they
became a sign. Num. xxvi. 10.

(d) Any symbol or emblem which prefigures, typifles, or represents,
an idea; a type; hence, sometimes, a picture.
The holy symbols, or signs, are not barely significative; but what
they represent is as certainly delivered to us as the symbols
themselves. Brerewood.
Saint George of Merry England, the sign of victory. Spenser.

(e) A word or a character regarded as the outward manifestation of
thought; as, words are the sign of ideas.
(f) A motion, an action, or a gesture by which a thought is
expressed, or a command or a wish made known.
They made signs to his father, how he would have him called. Luke i.
62.

(g) Hence, one of the gestures of pantomime, or of a language of a
signs such as those used by the North American Indians, or those used
by the deaf and dumb.

Note: Educaters of the deaf distinguish between natural signs, which
serve for communicating ideas, and methodical, or systematic, signs,
adapted for the dictation, or the rendering, of written language,
word by word; and thus the signs are to be distinguished from the
manual alphabet, by which words are spelled on the fingers.
(h) A military emblem carried on a banner or a standard. Milton.
(i) A lettered board, or other conspicuous notice, placed upon or
before a building, room, shop, or office to advertise the business
there transacted, or the name of the person or firm carrying it on; a
publicly displayed token or notice.
The shops were, therefore, distinguished by painted signs, which gave
a gay and grotesque aspect to the streets. Macaulay.
(j) (Astron.)

Defn: The twelfth part of the ecliptic or zodiac.

Note: The signs are reckoned from the point of intersection of the
ecliptic and equator at the vernal equinox, and are named,
respectively, Aries (Taurus (Gemini (II), Cancer (Leo (Virgo (Libra
(Scorpio (Sagittarius (Capricornus (Aquarius (Pisces (
(k) (Alg.) A character indicating the relation of quantities, or an
operation performed upon them; as, the sign + (plus); the sign --
(minus); the sign of division ÷, and the like.
(l) (Med.) An objective evidence of disease; that is, one appreciable
by some one other than the patient.

Note: The terms symptom and and sign are often used synonymously; but
they may be discriminated. A sign differs from a symptom in that the
latter is perceived only by the patient himself. The term sign is
often further restricted to the purely local evidences of disease
afforded by direct examination of the organs involved, as
distinguished from those evidence of general disturbance afforded by
observation of the temperature, pulse, etc. In this sense it is often
called physical sign.
(m) (Mus.) Any character, as a flat, sharp, dot, etc.
(n) (Theol.) That which, being external, stands for, or signifies,
something internal or spiritual; -- a term used in the Church of
England in speaking of an ordinance considered with reference to that
which it represents.
An outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace. Bk. of
Common Prayer.

Note: See the Table of Arbitrary Signs, p. 1924. Sign manual. (a)
(Eng. Law) The royal signature superscribed at the top of bills of
grants and letter patent, which are then sealed with the privy signet
or great seal, as the case may be, to complete their validity. (b)
The signature of one's name in one's own handwriting. Craig. Tomlins.
Wharton.

Syn.
 -- Token; mark; note; symptom; indication; signal; symbol; type;
omen; prognostic; presage; manifestation. See Emblem.

SIGN
Sign, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Signed; p. pr. & vb. n. Signing.] Etym:
[OE. seinen to bless, originally, to make the sign of the cross over;
in this sense fr. ASS. segnian (from segn, n.), or OF. seignier, F.
signer, to mark, to sign (in sense 3), fr. L. signare to mark, set a
mark upon, from signum. See Sign, n.]

1. To represent by a sign; to make known in a typical or emblematic
manner, in distinction from speech; to signify.
I signed to Browne to make his retreat. Sir W. Scott.

2. To make a sign upon; to mark with a sign.
We receive this child into the congregation of Christ's flock, and do
sign him with the sign of the cross. Bk. of Com Prayer.

3. To affix a signature to; to ratify by hand or seal; to subscribe
in one's own handwriting.
Inquire the Jew's house out, give him this deed, And let him sign it.
Shak.

4. To assign or convey formally; -- used with away.

5. To mark; to make distinguishable. Shak.

SIGN
Sign, v. i.

1. To be a sign or omen. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To make a sign or signal; to communicate directions or
intelligence by signs.

3. To write one's name, esp. as a token of assent, responsibility, or
obligation.

SIGNABLE
Sign"a*ble, a.

Defn: Suitable to be signed; requiring signature; as, a legal
document signable by a particular person.

SIGNAL
Sig"nal, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. signale, fr. L. signum. See Sign, n.]

1. A sign made for the purpose of giving notice to a person of some
occurence, command, or danger; also, a sign, event, or watchword,
which has been agreed upon as the occasion of concerted action.
All obeyed The wonted signal and superior voice Of this great
potentate. Milton.

2. A token; an indication; a foreshadowing; a sign.
The weary sun . . . Gives signal of a goodly day to-morrow. Shak.
There was not the least signal of the calamity to be seen. De Foc.

SIGNAL
Sig"nal, a. Etym: [From signal, n.: cf. F. signalé.]

1. Noticeable; distinguished from what is ordinary; eminent;
remarkable; memorable; as, a signal exploit; a signal service; a
signal act of benevolence.
As signal now in low, dejected state As erst in highest, behold him
where he lies. Milton.

2. Of or pertaining to signals, or the use of signals in conveying
information; as, a signal flag or officer. The signal service, a
bureau of the government (in the United States connected with the War
Department) organized to collect from the whole country simultaneous
raports of local meteorological conditions, upon comparison of which
at the central office, predictions concerning the weather are
telegraphed to various sections, where they are made known by signals
publicly displayed.
 -- Signal station, the place where a signal is displayed;
specifically, an observation office of the signal service.

Syn.
 -- Eminent; remarkable; memorable; extraordinary; notable;
conspicuous.

SIGNAL
Sig"nal, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Signaled ( or Signalled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Signaling or Signalling.]

1. To communicate by signals; as, to signal orders.

2. To notify by a signals; to make a signal or signals to; as, to
signal a fleet to anchor. M. Arnold.

SIGNALIST
Sig"nal*ist, n.

Defn: One who makes signals; one who communicates intelligence by
means of signals.

SIGNALITY
Sig*nal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being signal or remarkable. [Obs.] Sir
T. Browne.

SIGNALIZE
Sig"nal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Signalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Signalizing.] Etym: [From Signal, a.]

1. To make signal or eminent; to render distinguished from what is
common; to distinguish.
It is this passion which drives men to all the ways we see in use of
signalizing themselves. Burke.

2. To communicate with by means of a signal; as, a ship signalizes
its consort.

3. To indicate the existence, presence, or fact of, by a signal; as,
to signalize the arrival of a steamer.

SIGNALLY
Sig"nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a signal manner; eminently.

SIGNALMAN
Sig"nal*man, n.; pl. -men (.

Defn: A man whose business is to manage or display signals;
especially, one employed in setting the signals by which railroad
trains are run or warned.

SIGNALMENT
Sig"nal*ment, n.

Defn: The act of signaling, or of signalizing; hence, description by
peculiar, appropriate, or characteristic marks. Mrs. Browning.

SIGNATE
Sig"nate, a. Etym: [L. signatus, p. p. See Sign, v. t.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having definite color markings.

SIGNATION
Sig*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. signatio. See Sign, v. t.]

Defn: Sign given; marking. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SIGNATORY
Sig"na*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. signatorius.]

1. Relating to a seal; used in sealing. [Obs.] Bailey.

2. Signing; joining or sharing in a signature; as, signatory powers.

SIGNATORY
Sig"na*to*ry, n.; pl. -ries (.

Defn: A signer; one who signs or subscribes; as, a conference of
signatories.

SIGNATURE
Sig"na*ture, n. Etym: [F. (cf. It. signatura, segnatura, Sp. & LL.
signatura), from L. signare, signatum. See Sign, v. t.]

1. A sign, stamp, or mark impressed, as by a seal.
The brain, being well furnished with various traces, signatures, and
images. I. Watts.
The natural and indelible signature of God, which human souls . . .
are supposed to be stamped with. Bentley.

2. Especially, the name of any person, written with his own hand,
employed to signify that the writing which precedes accords with his
wishes or intentions; a sign manual; an autograph.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: An outward mark by which internal characteristics were supposed
to be indicated.
Some plants bear a very evident signature of their nature and use.
Dr. H. More.

4. (Old Med.)

Defn: A resemblance between the external characters of a disease and
those of some physical agent, for instance, that existing between the
red skin of scarlet fever and a red cloth; -- supposed to indicate
this agent in the treatment of the disease.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: The designation of the key (when not C major, or its relative,
A minor) by means of one or more sharps or flats at the beginning of
the staff, immediately after the clef, affecting all notes of the
same letter throughout the piece or movement. Each minor key has the
same signature as its relative major.

6. (Print.)
(a) A letter or figure placed at the bottom of the first page of each
sheet of a book or pamphlet, as a direction to the binder in
arranging and folding the sheets.
(b) The printed sheet so marked, or the form from which it is
printed; as, to reprint one or more signatures.

Note: Star signatures (as A*, 1*) are the same characters, with the
addition of asterisks, used on the first pages of offcuts, as in 12mo
sheets.

7. (Pharm.)

Defn: That part of a prescription which contains the directions to
the patient. It is usually prefaced by S or Sig. (an abbreviation for
the Latin signa, imperative of signare to sign or mark).

SIGNATURE
Sig"na*ture, v. t.

Defn: To mark with, or as with, a signature or signatures.

SIGNATURIST
Sig"na*tur`ist, n.

Defn: One who holds to the doctrine of signatures impressed upon
objects, indicative of character or qualities. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SIGNBOARD
Sign"board`, n.

Defn: A board, placed on or before a shop, office, etc., on which
ssome notice is given, as the name of a firm, of a business, or the
like.

SIGNER
Sign"er, n.

Defn: One who signs or subscribes his name; as, a memorial with a
hundred signers.

SIGNET
Sig"net, n. Etym: [OF. signet a signet, F., a bookmark, dim. of
signe. See Sign, n., and cf. Sennet.]

Defn: A seal; especially, in England, the seal used by the sovereign
in sealing private letters and grants that pass by bill under the
sign manual; -- called also privy signet.
I had my father's signet in my purse. Shak.
Signet ring, a ring containing a signet or private seal.
 -- Writer to the signet (Scots Law), a judicial officer who prepares
warrants, writs, etc.; originally, a clerk in the office of the
secretary of state.

SIGNETED
Sig"net*ed, a.

Defn: Stamped or marked with a signet.

SIGNIFER
Sig"ni*fer, a. Etym: [L., from signum sign + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Bearing signs. [Obs.] "The signifer sphere, or zodiac."
Holland.

SIGNIFICANCE; SIGNIFICANCY
Sig*nif"i*cance, Sig*nif"i*can*cy, n. Etym: [L. significantia.]

1. The quality or state of being significant.

2. That which is signified; meaning; import; as, the significance of
a nod, of a motion of the hand, or of a word or expression.

3. Importance; moment; weight; consequence.
With this brain I must work, in order to give significancy and value
to the few facts which I possess. De Quincey.

SIGNIFICANT
Sig*nif"i*cant, a. Etym: [L. significans, -antis, p. pr. of
significare. See Signify.]

1. Fitted or designed to signify or make known somethingl having a
meaning; standing as a sign or token; expressive or suggestive; as, a
significant word or sound; a significant look.
It was well said of Plotinus, that the stars were significant, but
not efficient. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Deserving to be considered; important; momentous; as, a
significant event. Significant figures (Arith.), the figures which
remain to any number, or decimal fraction, after the ciphers at the
right or left are canceled. Thus, the significant figures of 25,000,
or of .0025, are 25.

SIGNIFICANT
Sig*nif"i*cant, n.

Defn: That which has significance; a sign; a token; a symbol.
Wordsworth.
In dumb significants proclaim your thoughts. Shak.

SIGNIFICANTLY
Sig*nif"i*cant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a significant manner.

SIGNIFICATE
Sig*nif"i*cate, n. Etym: [L. significatus, p. p. of significare. See
Signify.] (Logic)

Defn: One of several things signified by a common term. Whately.

SIGNIFICATION
Sig`ni*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [F. signification, L. significatio.]

1. The act of signifying; a making known by signs or other means.
A signification of being pleased. Landor.
All speaking or signification of one's mind implies an act or addres
of one man to another. South.

2. That which is signified or made known; that meaning which a sign,
character, or token is intended to convey; as, the signification of
words.

SIGNIFICATIVE
Sig*nif"i*ca*tive, a. Etym: [L. significativus: cf. F. significatif.]

1. Betokening or representing by an external sign.
The holy symbols or signs are not barely significative. Brerewood.

2. Having signification or meaning; expressive of a meaning or
purpose; significant.
Neither in the degrees of kindred they were destitute of
significative words. Camden.
-- Sig*nif"i*ca*tive*ly, adv.
 -- Sig*nif"i*ca*tive*ness, n.

SIGNIFICATOR
Sig"ni*fi*ca`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. significateur.]

Defn: One who, or that which, signifies.
In this diagram there was one significator which pressed remarkably
upon our astrologer's attention. Sir W. Scott.

SIGNIFICATORY
Sig*nif"i*ca*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. significatorius.]

Defn: Significant.
 -- n.

Defn: That which is significatory.

SIGNIFICAVIT
Sig`ni*fi*ca"vit, n. Etym: [L., (he) has signified, perf. ind. of
significare to signify.] (Eng. Eccl. Law)

Defn: Formerly, a writ issuing out of chancery, upon certificate
given by the ordinary, of a man's standing excommunicate by the space
of forty days, for the laying him up in prison till he submit himself
to the authority of the church. Crabb.

SIGNIFY
Sig"ni*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Signified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Signifying.] Etym: [F. signifier, L. significare; signum a sign + -
ficare (in comp.) to make. See Sign, n., and -fy.]

1. To show by a sign; to communicate by any conventional token, as
words, gestures, signals, or the like; to announce; to make known; to
declare; to express; as, a signified his desire to be present.
I 'll to the king; and signify to him That thus I have resign'd my
charge to you. Shak.
The government should signify to the Protestants of Ireland that want
of silver is not to be remedied. Swift.

2. To mean; to import; to denote; to betoken.
He bade her tell him what it signified. Chaucer.
A tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing.
Shak.

Note: Signify is often used impersonally; as, it signifies nothing,
it does not signify, that is, it is of no importance.

Syn.
 -- To express; manifest; declare; utter; intimate; betoken; denote;
imply; mean.

SIGNIOR
Sign"ior, n.

Defn: Sir; Mr. The English form and pronunciation for the Italian
Signor and the Spanish Señor.

SIGNIORIZE
Sign"ior*ize, v. t. Etym: [See Seigniorize.]

Defn: To exercise dominion over; to lord it over. [Obs.] Shelton.

SIGNIORIZE
Sign"ior*ize, v. i.

Defn: To exercise dominion; to signiorize. [Obs.] Hewyt.

SIGNIORSHIP
Sign"ior*ship, n.

Defn: State or position of a signior.

SIGNIORY
Sign"ior*y, n.

Defn: Same as Seigniory.

SIGNOR; SIGNORE
Si*gnor", Si*gno"re, n. Etym: [It. See Seignior.]

Defn: Sir; Mr; -- a title of address or respect among the Italians.
Before a noun the form is Signor.

SIGNORA
Si*gno"ra, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: Madam; Mrs; -- a title of address or respect among the
Italians.

SIGNORINA
Si`gno*ri"na, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: Miss; -- a title of address among the Italians.

SIGNPOST
Sign"post`, n.

Defn: A post on which a sign hangs, or on which papers are placed to
give public notice of anything.

SIK; SIKE
Sik, Sike, a.

Defn: Such. See Such. [Obs.] "Sike fancies weren foolerie." Spenser.

SIKE
Sike, n. Etym: [AS. sic. Cf. Sig.]

Defn: A gutter; a stream, such as is usually dry in summer. [Prov.
Eng. & Scot.]

SIKE
Sike, n. Etym: [See Sick.]

Defn: A sick person. [Prov. Eng.]

SIKE
Sike, v. i.

Defn: To sigh. [Obs.]
That for his wife weepeth and siketh sore. Chaucer.

SIKE
Sike, n.

Defn: A sigh. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SIKER; SIKERLY; SIKERNESS
Sik"er, a. & adv., Sik"er*ly, adv., Sik"er*ness, n., etc.

Defn: See 2d Sicker, Sickerly, etc. [Obs.]

SIKHS
Sikhs, n. pl.; sing. Sikh (. Etym: [Hind. Sikh, properly, a
disciple.]

Defn: A religious sect noted for warlike traits, founded in the
Punjab at the end of the 15th century.

SILAGE
Si"lage, n. & v.

Defn: Short for Ensilage.

SILE
Sile, v. t. Etym: [Akin to Sw. sila to strain, sil sieve, G. sielen
to draw away or lead off water. sq. root151a. See Silt.]

Defn: To strain, as fresh milk. [Prov. Eng.]

SILE
Sile, v. i.

Defn: To drop; to flow; to fall. [Prov. Eng.]

SILE
Sile, n.

1. A sieve with fine meshes. [Prov. Eng.]

2. Filth; sediment. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

SILE
Sile, n. Etym: [Icel. sild herring; akin to Sw. sill, Dan. sild. Cf.
Sill the young of a herring.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young or small herring. [Eng.] Pennant.

SILENCE
Si"lence, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. silentium. See Silent.]

1. The state of being silent; entire absence of sound or noise;
absolute stillness.
I saw and heared; for such a numerous host Fled not in silence
through the frighted deep. Milton.

2. Forbearance from, or absence of, speech; taciturnity; muteness.

3. Secrecy; as, these things were transacted in silence.
The administration itself keeps a profound silence. D. Webster.

4. The cessation of rage, agitation, or tumilt; calmness; quiest; as,
the elements were reduced to silence.

5. Absence of mention; oblivion.
And what most merits fame, in silence hid. Milton.

SILENCE
Si"lence, interj.

Defn: Be silent; -- used elliptically for let there be silence, or
keep silence. Shak.

SILENCE
Si"lence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Silenced; p. pr. & vb. n. Silencing.]

1. To compel to silence; to cause to be still; to still; to hush.
Silence that dreadful bell; it frights the isle. Shak.

2. To put to rest; to quiet.
This would silence all further opposition. Clarendon.
These would have silenced their scruples. Rogers.

3. To restrain from the exercise of any function, privilege of
instruction, or the like, especially from the act of preaching; as,
to silence a minister of the gospel.
The Rev. Thomas Hooker of Chelmsford, in Essex, was silenced for
nonconformity. B. Trumbull.

4. To cause to cease firing, as by a vigorous cannonade; as, to
silence the batteries of an enemy.

SILENCER
Si"lenc*er, n. One that silences; specif.:
 (a) The muffler of an internal-combustion engine.
 (b) Any of various devices to silence the humming noise of telegraph
wires.
 (c) A device for silencing the report of a firearm shooting its
projectiles singly, as a tubular attachment for the muzzle having
circular plates that permit the passage of the projectile but impart
a rotary motion to, and thus retard, the exploding gases.

SILENE
Si*le"ne, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Silenus, the attendant of Bacchus.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of caryophyllaceous plants, usually covered with a
viscid secretion by which insects are caught; catchfly. Bon Silène.
See Silène, in the Vocabulary.

SILENT
Si"lent, a. Etym: [L. silens, -entis, p. pr. of silere to be silent;
akin to Goth. ana-silan.]

1. Free from sound or noise; absolutely still; perfectly quiet.
How silent is this town! Shak.

2. Not speaking; indisposed to talk; speechless; mute; taciturn; not
loquacious; not talkative.
Ulysses, adds he, was the most eloquent and most silent of men.
Broome.
This new-created world, whereof in hell Fame is not silent. Milton.

3. Keeping at rest; inactive; calm; undisturbed; as, the wind is
silent. Parnell. Sir W. Raleigh.

4. (Pron.)

Defn: Not pronounced; having no sound; quiescent; as, e is silent in
"fable."

5. Having no effect; not operating; inefficient. [R.]
Cause . . . silent, virtueless, and dead. Sir W. Raleigh.
Silent partner. See Dormant partner, under Dormant.

Syn.
 -- Mute; taciturn; dumb; speechless; quiet; still. See Mute, and
Taciturn.

SILENT
Si"lent, n.

Defn: That which is silent; a time of silence. [R.] "The silent of
the night." Shak.

SILENTIARY
Si*len"ti*a*ry, n. Etym: [L. silentiarius: cf. F. silenciaire. See
Silence.]

Defn: One appointed to keep silence and order in court; also, one
sworn not to divulge secre

SILENTIOUS
Si*len"tious, a. Etym: [L. silentiosus: cf. F. silencieux.]

Defn: Habitually silent; taciturn; reticent. [R.]

SILENTLY
Si"lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a silent manner.

SILENTNESS
Si"lent*ness, n.

Defn: State of being silent; silence.

SILENUS
Si*le"nus, n. Etym: [L. Silenus the tutor and attendant of Bacchus.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wanderoo.

SILESIA
Si*le"si*a, n.

1. A kind of linen cloth, originally made in Silesia, a province of
Prussia.

2. A twilled cotton fabric, used for dress linings.

SILESIAN
Si*le"si*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Silesia.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Silesia.

SILEX
Si"lex, n. Etym: [L., a finit, a pebblestone.] (Min.)

Defn: Silica, SiO2 as found in nature, constituting quarz, and most
sands and sandstones. See Silica, and Silicic.

SILHOUETTE
Sil`hou*ette", n. Etym: [F.; -- so called from Etienne de Silhoutte,
a French minister of finance in 1759, whise diversion it was to make
such portraits on the walls of his apartments.]

Defn: A representation of the outlines of an object filled in with a
black color; a profile portrait in black, such as a shadow appears to
be.

SILHOUETTE
Sil`hou*ette", v. t.

Defn: To represent by a silhouette; to project upon a background, so
as to be like a silhouette. [Recent]
A flock of roasting vultures silhouetted on the sky. The Century.

SILICA
Sil"i*ca, n. Etym: [NL., from L. silex, silics, a flint.] (Chem.)

Defn: Silicon dioxide, SiO

SILICATE
Sil"i*cate, n.Etym: [Cf. F. silicate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of silicic acid.

Note: In mineralogical chemistry the silicates include; the
unisilicates or orthosilicates, salts of orthosilicic acid; the
bisilicates or metasilicates, salts of metasilicic acid; the
polysilicates or acid silicates, salts of the polysilicic acids; the
basic silicates or subsilicates, in which the equivalent of base is
greater than would be required to neutralize the acid; and the
hydrous silicates, including the zeolites and many hydrated
decomposition products.

SILICATED
Sil"i*ca`ted, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined or impregnated with silicon or silica; as, silicated
hydrogen; silicated rocks. Silicated soap, a hard soap containing
silicate of soda.

SILICATIZATION
Sil`i*ca*ti*za"tion, n.

Defn: Silicification.

SILICEA
Si*lic"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Silicoidea.

SILICEOUS
Si*li"ceous, a. Etym: [L. siliceus, fr. silex, silicis, a flint.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to silica; containing silica, or partaking of
its nature. [Written also silisious.]

SILICIC
Si*lic"ic, a. Etym: [L. silex, silicis, a flint: cf. F. silicique.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, silica;
specifically, designating compounds of silicon; as, silicic acid.
Silicic acid (Chem.), an amorphous gelatinous substance, Si(HO)4,
very unstable and easily dried to silica, but forming many stable
salts; -- called also orthosilicic, or normal silicic, acid.

SILICICALCAREOUS
Si*lic`i*cal*ca"re*ous, a.

Defn: Consisting of silica and calcareous matter.

SILICIDE
Sil"i*cide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of silicon, or one regarded as binary. [R.]
Hydrogen silicide (Chem.), a colorless, spontaneously inflammable
gas, SiH4, produced artifically from silicon, and analogous to
methane; -- called also silico-methane, silicon hydride, and formerly
siliciureted hydrogen.

SILICIFEROUS
Sil`i*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. silex, silicis, a flint + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing silica; united with silica.

SILICIFICATION
Si*lic`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [See Silicify.] (Chem.)

Defn: Thae act or process of combining or impregnating with silicon
or silica; the state of being so combined or impregnated; as, the
silicification of wood.

SILICIFIED
Si*lic"i*fied, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined or impregnated with silicon or silica, especially the
latter; as, silicified wood.

SILICIFY
Si*lic"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Silicified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Silicifying.] Etym: [L. silex, silicis, a flint + -fy: cf. F.
silicifier.] (Chem.)

Defn: To convert into, or to impregnate with, silica, or with the
compounds of silicon.
The specimens found . . . are completely silicified. Say.

Note: The silica may take the form of agate, chalcedony, flint,
hornstone, or crystalline quartz.

SILICIFY
Si*lic"i*fy, v. i.

Defn: To become converted into silica, or to be impregnated with
silica.

SILICIOIDEA
Sil`i*ci*oi"de*a, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Silicoidea.

SILICIOUS
Si*li"cious, a.

Defn: See Siliceous.

SILICISPONGIAE
Sil`i*ci*spon"gi*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Silex, and Sponge.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Silicoidea.

SILICITED
Si*lic"it*ed, a.

Defn: Silicified. [Obs.]

SILICIUM
Si*lic"i*um, n.

Defn: See Silicon.

SILICIURETED
Si*lic"i*u*ret`ed, a. [Written also siliciuretted.] (Old. Chem.)

Defn: Combined or impregnated with silicon. [Obsoles.] Siliciureted
hydrogen. (Chem.) Hydrogen silicide. [Obs.]

SILICLE
Sil"i*cle, n. Etym: [L. silicula, dim. of siliqua a pod or husk: cf.
F. silicule.] (Bot.)

Defn: A seed vessel resembling a silique, but about as broad as it is
long. See Silique.

SILICO-
Sil"i*co-. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting the presence
of silicon or its compounds; as, silicobenzoic, silicofluoride, etc.

SILICOFLUORIC
Sil`i*co*flu*or"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Containing, or composed of, silicon and fluorine; especially,
denoting the compounds called silicofluorides. Silicofluoric acid
(Chem.), a compound of hydrofluoric acid and silicon fluoride, known
only in watery solution. It is produced by the action of silicon
fluoride on water, and is regarded as an acid, H2SiF6, and the type
and origin of the silicofluorides.

SILICOFLUORIDE
Sil`i*co*flu"or*ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A fluosilicate; a salt of silicofluoric acid.

SILICOIDEA
Sil`i*coi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Silex, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive order of Porifera, which includes those that have
the skeleton composed mainly of siliceous fibers or spicules.

SILICON
Sil"i*con, n. Etym: [See Silica.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nonmetalic element analogous to carbon. It always occurs
combined in nature, and is artificially obtained in the free state,
usually as a dark brown amorphous powder, or as a dark crystalline
substance with a meetallic luster. Its oxide is silica, or common
quartz, and in this form, or as silicates, it is, next to oxygen, the
most abundant element of the earth's crust. Silicon is
characteristically the element of the mineral kingdom, as carbon is
of the organic world. Symbol Si. Atomic weight 28. Called also
silicium.

SILICOTUNGSTIC
Sil`i*co*tung"stic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of a series of
double acids of silicon and tungsten, known in the free state, and
also in their salts (called silicotungstates).

SILICULA
Si*lic"u*la, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A silicle.

SILICULE
Sil"i*cule, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A silicle.

SILICULOSE
Si*lic"u*lose`, a. Etym: [NL. siliculosus, fr. L. silicula: cf. F.
siliculeux. See Silicle.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing silicles; pertaining to, or resembling, silicles.

2. Full of, or consisting of, husks; husky. [Obs.]

SILIGINOSE
Si*lig"i*nose`, a.Etym: [L. siligineus, fr. siligo, -inis, fine and
very white wheat.]

Defn: Made of fine wheat. [Obs.] Bailey.

SILING
Sil"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Sile to strain. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.] Siling dish, a
colander. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SILIQUA
Sil"i*qua, n.; pl. Siliquæ. Etym: [L. See Silique.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Silique.

2. A weight of four grains; a carat; -- a term used by jewelers, and
refiners of gold.

SILIQUE
Sil"ique, n. Etym: [L. siliqua a pod or husk, a very small weight or
measure: cf. F. silique.] (Bot.)

Defn: An oblong or elongated seed vessel, consisting of two valves
with a dissepiment between, and opening by sutures at either margin.
The seeds are attached to both edges of the dissepiment, alternately
upon each side of it.

SILIQUIFORM
Sil"i*qui*form, a. Etym: [Silique + -form: cf. F. siliquiforme.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of a silique.

SILIQUOSA
Sil`i*quo"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Siliquose.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan order of plants including those which bear siliques.

SILIQUOSE; SILIQUOUS
Sil"i*quose`, Sil"i*quous, a. Etym: [NL. siliquosus: cf. F.
siliqueux.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing siliques; as, siliquose plants; pertaining to, or
resembling, siliques; as, siliquose capsules.

SILK
Silk, n. Etym: [OE. silk, selk, AS. seolc, seoloc; akin to Icel.
silki, SW. & Dan. silke; prob. through Slavic from an Oriental
source; cf. Lith. szilkai, Russ. shelk', and also L. sericum Seric
stuff, silk. Cf. Sericeous. Serge a woolen stuff.]

1. The fine, soft thread produced by various species of caterpillars
in forming the cocoons within which the worm is inclosed during the
pupa state, especially that produced by the larvæ of Bombyx mori.

2. Hence, thread spun, or cloth woven, from the above-named material.

3. That which resembles silk, as the filiform styles of the female
flower of maize. Raw silk, silk as it is wound off from the cocoons,
and before it is manufactured.
 -- Silk cotton, a cottony substance enveloping the seeds of the
silk-cotton tree.
 -- Silk-cotton tree (Bot.), a name for several tropical trees of the
genera Bombax and Eriodendron, and belonging to the order Bombaceæ.
The trees grow to an immense size, and have their seeds enveloped in
a cottony substance, which is used for stuffing cushions, but can not
be spun.
 -- Silk flower. (Bot.) (a) The silk tree. (b) A similar tree
(Calliandra trinervia) of Peru.
 -- Silk fowl (Zoöl.), a breed of domestic fowls having silky
plumage.
 -- Silk gland (Zoöl.), a gland which secretes the material of silk,
as in spider or a silkworm; a sericterium.
 -- Silk gown, the distinctive robe of a barrister who has been
appointed king's or queen's counsel; hence, the counsel himself. Such
a one has precedence over mere barristers, who wear stuff gowns.
[Eng.] -- Silk grass (Bot.), a kind of grass (Stipa comata) of the
Western United States, which has very long silky awns. The name is
also sometimes given to various species of the genera Aqave and
Yucca.
 -- Silk moth (Zoöl.), the adult moth of any silkworm. See Silkworm.
 -- Silk shag, a coarse, rough-woven silk, like plush, but with a
stiffer nap.
 -- Silk spider (Zoöl.), a large spider (Nephila plumipes), native of
the Southern United States, remarkable for the large quantity of
strong silk it produces and for the great disparity in the sizes of
the sexes.
 -- Silk thrower, Silk throwster, one who twists or spins silk, and
prepares it for weaving. Brande & C.
 -- Silk tree (Bot.), an Asiatic leguminous tree (Albizzia
Julibrissin) with finely bipinnate leaves, and large flat pods; -- so
called because of the abundant long silky stamens of its blossoms.
Also called silk flower.
 -- Silk vessel. (Zoöl.) Same as Silk gland, above.
 -- Virginia silk (Bot.), a climbing plant (Periploca Græca) of the
Milkweed family, having a silky tuft on the seeds. It is native in
Southern Europe.

SILKEN
Silk"en, a. Etym: [AS. seolcen, seolocen.]

1. Of or pertaining to silk; made of, or resembling, silk; as, silken
cloth; a silken veil.

2. Fig.: Soft; delicate; tender; smooth; as, silken language. "Silken
terms precise." Shak.

3. Dressed in silk. "A . . . silken wanton." Shak.

SILKEN
Silk"en, v. t.

Defn: To render silken or silklike. Dyer.

SILKINESS
Silk"i*ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being silky or silken; softness and
smoothness.

2. Fig.: Effeminacy; weakness. [R.] B. Jonson.

SILKMAN
Silk"man, n.; pl. Silkmen (.

Defn: A dealer in silks; a silk mercer. Shak.

SILKNESS
Silk"ness, n.

Defn: Silkiness. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SILK-STOCKING
Silk"-stock`ing, a.

Defn: Wearing silk stockings (which among men were formerly worn
chiefly by the luxurious or aristocratic); hence, elegantly dressed;
aristocratic; luxurious; -- chiefly applied to men, often by way of
reproach.

[They] will find their levees crowded with silk-stocking gentry, but
no yeomanry; an army of officers without soldiers.
Jefferson.

SILKWEED
Silk"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genera Asclepias and Acerates whose seed
vessels contain a long, silky down; milkweed.

SILKWORM
Silk"worm`, n. Etym: [AS. seolcwyrm.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of any one of numerous species of bombycid moths,
which spins a large amount of strong silk in constructing its cocoon
before changing to a pupa.

Note: The common species (Bombyx mori) feeds onm the leaves of the
white mulberry tree. It is native of China, but has long been
introduced into other countries of Asia and Europe, and is reared on
a large scale. In America it is reared only to small extent. The
Ailanthus silkworm (Philosamia cynthia) is a much larger species, of
considerable importance, which has been introduced into Europe and
America from China. The most useful American species is the
Polyphemus. See Polyphemus. Pernyi silkworm, the larva of the Pernyi
moth. See Pernyi moth.
 -- Silkworm gut, a substance prepared from the contents of the silk
glands of silkworms and used in making lines for angling. See Gut.
 -- Silkworm rot, a disease of silkworms; muscardine.

SILKY
Silk"y, a. [Compar. Silkier; superl. Silkiest.]

1. Of or pertaining to silk; made of, or resembling, silk; silken;
silklike; as, a silky luster.

2. Hence, soft and smooth; as, silky wine.

3. Covered with soft hairs pressed close to the surface, as a leaf;
sericeous. Silky oak (Bot.), a lofty Australian tree (Grevillea
robusta) with silky tomentose lobed or incised leaves. It furnishes a
valuable timber.

SILL
Sill, n. Etym: [OE. sille, sylle, AS. syl, syll; akin to G. schwelle,
OHG. swelli, Icel. syll, svill, Sw. syll, Dan. syld, Goth. gasuljan
to lay a foundation, to found.]

Defn: The basis or foundation of a thing; especially, a horizontal
piece, as a timber, which forms the lower member of a frame, or
supports a structure; as, the sills of a house, of a bridge, of a
loom, and the like. Hence:
(a) The timber or stone at the foot of a door; the threshold.
(b) The timber or stone on which a window frame stands; or, the
lowest piece in a window frame.
(c) The floor of a gallery or passage in a mine.
(d) A piece of timber across the bottom of a canal lock for the gates
to shut against. Sill course (Arch.), a horizontal course of stone,
terra cotta, or the like, built into a wall at the level of one or
more window sills, these sills often forming part of it.

SILL
Sill, n. Etym: [Cf. Thill.]

Defn: The shaft or thill of a carriage. [Prov. Eng.]

SILL
Sill, n. Etym: [Cf. 4th Sile.]

Defn: A young herring. [Eng.]

SILLABUB
Sil"la*bub, n. Etym: [Cf. sile to strain, and bub liquor, also Prov.
E. sillibauk.]

Defn: A dish made by mixing wine or cider with milk, and thus forming
a soft curd; also, sweetened cream, flavored with wine and beaten to
a stiff froth. [Written also syllabub.]

SILLER
Sil"ler, n.

Defn: Silver. [Scot.]

SILLILY
Sil"li*ly, adv. Etym: [From Silly.]

Defn: In a silly manner; foolishly. Dryden.

SILLIMANITE
Sil"li*man*ite, n. Etym: [After Benjamin Siliman, an American
meneralogist.] (Min.)

Defn: Same as Fibrolite.

SILLINESS
Sil"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being silly.

SILLOCK
Sil"lock, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pollock, or coalfish.

SILLON
Sil"lon, n. Etym: [F., a furrow.] (Fort.)

Defn: A work raised in the middle of a wide ditch, to defend it.
Crabb.

SILLY
Sil"ly, a. [Compar. Sillier; superl. Silliest.] Etym: [OE. seely,
sely, AS. s, ges, happy, good, fr. s, s, good, happy, s good fortune,
happines; akin to OS. salig, a, good, happy, D. zalig blessed, G.
selig, OHG. salig, Icel. s, Sw. säll, Dan. salig, Goth. s good, kind,
and perh. also to L. sollus whole, entire, Gr. sarva. Cf. Seel, n.]

1. Happy; fortunate; blessed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Harmless; innocent; inoffensive. [Obs.] "This silly, innocent
Custance." Chaucer.
The silly virgin strove him to withstand. Spenser.
A silly, innocent hare murdered of a dog. Robynson (More's Utopia).

3. Weak; helpless; frail. [Obs.]
After long storms . . . With which my silly bark was tossed sore.
Spenser.
The silly buckets on the deck. Coleridge.

4. Rustic; plain; simple; humble. [Obs.]
A fourth man, in a sillyhabit. Shak.
All that did their silly thoughts so busy keep. Milton.

5. Weak in intellect; destitute of ordinary strength of mind;
foolish; witless; simple; as, a silly woman.

6. Proceeding from want of understanding or common judgment;
characterized by weakness or folly; unwise; absurd; stupid; as, silly
conduct; a silly question.

Syn.
 -- Simple; brainless; witless; shallow; foolish; unwise; indiscreet.
See Simple.

SILLYHOW
Sil"ly*how, n. Etym: [Prov. E. silly-hew; cf. AS. sælig happy, good,
and hufe a cap, hood. See Silly, a.]

Defn: A caul. See Caul, n., 3. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

SILO
Si"lo, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A pit or vat for packing away green fodder for winter use so as
to exclude air and outside moisture. See Ensilage.

SILT
Silt, n. Etym: [OE. silte gravel, fr. silen to drain, E. sile;
probably of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. sila, prob. akin to AS. seón to
filter, sigan to fall, sink, cause to sink, G. seihen to strain, to
filter, OHG. sihan, Icel.sia, Skr. sic to pour; cf. Gr. Sig, Sile.]

Defn: Mud or fine earth deposited from running or standing water.

SILT
Silt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Silted; p. pr. & vb. n. Silting.]

Defn: To choke, fill, or obstruct with silt or mud.

SILT
Silt, v. i.

Defn: To flow through crevices; to percolate.

SILTY
Silt"y, a.

Defn: Full of silt; resembling silt.

SILUNDUM
Si*lun"dum, n.  [Trade name]

Defn: A form of silicon carbide, produced in the electric furnace,
possessing great hardness, and high electrical resistance, and not
subject to oxidation below 2880º F., or 1600º C.

SILURE
Si*lure", n. Etym: [L. silurus a sort of river fish, Gr. silure.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of the genus Silurus, as the sheatfish; a siluroid.

SILURIAN
Si*lu"ri*an, a. Etym: [From L. Silures, a people who anciently
inhabited a part of England and Wales.] (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the country of the ancient Silures; -- a
term applied to the earliest of the Paleozoic eras, and also to the
strata of the era, because most plainly developed in that country.

Note: The Silurian formation, so named by Murchison, is divided into
the Upper Silurian and Lower Silurian. The lower part of the Lower
Silurian, with some underlying beds, is now separated under the name
Cambrian, first given by Sedwick. Recently the term Ordovician has
been proposed for the Lower Silurian, leawing the original word to
apply only to the Upper Silurian.

SILURIAN
Si*lu"ri*an, n.

Defn: The Silurian age.

SILURIDAN
Si*lu"ri*dan, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fish of the family Silurid or of the order Siluroidei.

SILUROID
Si*lu"roid, n. Etym: [Silurus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Siluroidei, or Nematognathi, an order of
fishes including numerous species, among which are the American
catfishes and numerous allied fresh-water species of the Old World,
as the sheatfish (Silurus glanis) of Europe.
 -- n.

Defn: A siluroid fish.

SILUROIDEI
Sil`u*roi"de*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes, the Nematognathi.

SILURUS
Si*lu"rus, n. Etym: [L. See Silure.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large malacopterygious fishes of the order
Siluroidei. They inhabit the inland waters of Europe and Asia.

SILVA
Sil"va, n.; pl. E. Silvas, L. Silvae (. Etym: [L., properly, a wood,
forest.] [Written also sylva.] (Bot.)
(a) The forest trees of a region or country, considered collectively.
(b) A description or history of the forest trees of a country.

SILVAN
Sil"van, a. Etym: [L. silva, less correctly sylva, a wood or grove,
perh. akin to Gr. "y`lh; cf. L. Silvanus Silvanus the god of woods:
cf. F. sylvain silvan. Cf. Savage.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to woods; composed of woods or groves; woody.
[Written also sylvan.]
Betwixt two rows of rocks, a silvan scene Appears above, and groves
forever green. Dryden.

SILVAN
Sil"van, n. (Old Chem.)

Defn: See Sylvanium. [Obs.]

SILVANITE
Sil"van*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Sylvanite.

SILVAS; SELVAS
Sil"vas or Sel"vas, n. pl. Etym: [L. silva a forest, Sp. selva.]

Defn: Vast woodland plains of South America.

SILVATE
Sil"vate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Sylvate.

SILVER
Sil"ver, n. Etym: [OE. silver, selver, seolver, AS. seolfor, siolfur,
siolufr, silofr, sylofr; akin to OS. silubar, OFries. selover, D.
zilver, LG. sulver, OHG. silabar, silbar, G. silber, Icel. silfr, Sw.
silfver, Dan. sölv, Goth. silubr, Russ. serebro, Lith. sidabras; of
unknown origin.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A soft white metallic element, sonorous, ductile, very
malleable, and capable of a high degree of polish. It is found
native, and also combined with sulphur, arsenic, antimony, chlorine,
etc., in the minerals argentite, proustite, pyrargyrite, ceragyrite,
etc. Silver is one of the "noble" metals, so-called, not being easily
oxidized, and is used for coin, jewelry, plate, and a great variety
of articles. Symbol Ag (Argentum). Atomic weight 107.7. Specific
gravity 10.5.

Note: Silver was known under the name of luna to the ancients and
also to the alchemists. Some of its compounds, as the halogen salts,
are remarkable for the effect of light upon them, and are used in
photography.

2. Coin made of silver; silver money.

3. Anything having the luster or appearance of silver.

4. The color of silver.

Note: Silver is used in the formation of many compounds of obvious
meaning; as, silver-armed, silver-bright, silver-buskined, silver-
coated, silver-footed, silver-haired, silver-headed, silver-mantled,
silver-plated, silver-slippered, silver-sounding, silver-studded,
silver-tongued, silver-white. See Silver, a. Black silver (Min.),
stephanite; -- called also brittle silver ore, or brittle silver
glance.
 -- Fulminating silver. (Chem.) (a) A black crystalline substance,
Ag2O.(NH3)2, obtained by dissolving silver oxide in aqua ammonia.
When dry it explodes violently on the slightest percussion. (b)
Silver fulminate, a white crystalline substance, Ag2C2N2O2, obtained
by adding alcohol to a solution of silver nitrate. When dry it is
violently explosive.
 -- German silver. (Chem.) See under German.
 -- Gray silver. (Min.) See Freieslebenite.
 -- Horn silver. (Min.) See Cerargyrite.
 -- King's silver. (O. Eng. Law) See Postfine.
 -- Red silver, or Ruby silver. (Min.) See Proustite, and
Pyrargyrite.
 -- Silver beater, one who beats silver into silver leaf or silver
foil.
 -- Silver glance, or Vitreous silver. (Min.) See Argentine.

SILVER
Sil"ver, a.

1. Of or pertaining to silver; made of silver; as, silver leaf; a
silver cup.

2. Resembling silver. Specifically:
(a) Bright; resplendent; white. "Silver hair." Shak.
Others, on silver lakes and rivers, bathed Their downy breast.
Milton.

(b) Precious; costly.
(c) Giving a clear, ringing sound soft and clear. "Silver voices."
Spenser.
(d) Sweet; gentle; peaceful. "Silver slumber." Spenser. American
silver fir (Bot.), the balsam fir. See under Balsam.
 -- Silver age (Roman Lit.), the latter part (a. d. 14-180) of the
classical period of Latinity, -- the time of writers of inferior
purity of language, as compared with those of the previous golden
age, so-called.
 -- Silver-bell tree (Bot.), an American shrub or small tree (Halesia
tetraptera) with white bell-shaped flowers in clusters or racemes;
the snowdrop tree.
 -- Silver bush (Bot.), a shrubby leguminous plant (Anthyllis Barba-
Jovis) of Southern Europe, having silvery foliage.
 -- Silver chub (Zoöl.), the fallfish.
 -- Silver eel. (Zoöl.) (a) The cutlass fish. (b) A pale variety of
the common eel.
 -- Silver fir (Bot.), a coniferous tree (Abies pectinata) found in
mountainous districts in the middle and south of Europe, where it
often grows to the height of 100 or 150 feet. It yields Burgundy
pitch and Strasburg turpentine.
 -- Silver foil, foil made of silver.
 -- Silver fox (Zoöl.), a variety of the common fox (Vulpes vulpes,
variety argenteus) found in the northern parts of Asia, Europe, and
America. Its fur is nearly black, with silvery tips, and is highly
valued. Called also black fox, and silver-gray fox.
 -- Silver gar. (Zoöl.) See Billfish (a) -- Silver grain (Bot.), the
lines or narrow plates of cellular tissue which pass from the pith to
the bark of an exogenous stem; the medullary rays. In the wood of the
oak they are much larger than in that of the beech, maple, pine,
cherry, etc.
 -- Silver grebe (Zoöl.), the red-throated diver. See Illust. under
Diver.
 -- Silver hake (Zoöl.), the American whiting.
 -- Silver leaf, leaves or sheets made of silver beaten very thin.
 -- Silver lunge (Zoöl.), the namaycush.
 -- Silver moonfish.(Zoöl.) See Moonfish (b).
 -- Silver moth (Zoöl.), a lepisma.
 -- Silver owl (Zoöl.), the barn owl.
 -- Silver perch (Zoöl.), the mademoiselle, 2.
 -- Silver pheasant (Zoöl.), any one of several species of beautiful
crested and long-tailed Asiatic pheasants, of the genus Euplocamus.
They have the tail and more or less of the upper parts silvery white.
The most common species (E. nychtemerus) is native of China.
 -- Silver plate, domestic utensils made of silver.
 -- Silver plover (Zoöl.), the knot.
 -- Silver salmon (Zoöl.), a salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) native of
both coasts of the North Pacific. It ascends all the American rivers
as far south as the Sacramento. Called also kisutch, whitefish, and
white salmon.
 -- Silver shell (Zoöl.), a marine bivalve of the genus Anomia. See
Anomia.
 -- Silver steel, an alloy of steel with a very small proportion of
silver.
 -- Silver stick, a title given to the title field officer of the
Life Guards when on duty at the palace. [Eng.] Thackeray.
 -- Silver tree (Bot.), a South African tree (Leucadendron argenteum)
with long, silvery, silky leaves.
 -- Silver trout, (Zoöl.) See Trout.
 -- Silver wedding. See under Wedding.
 -- Silver whiting (Zoöl.), a marine sciænoid food fish (Menticirrus
littoralis) native of the Southern United States; -- called also surf
whiting.
 -- Silver witch (Zoöl.), A lepisma.

SILVER
Sil"ver, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Silvered; p. pr. & vb. n. Silvering.]

1. To cover with silver; to give a silvery appearance to by applying
a metal of a silvery color; as, to silver a pin; to silver a glass
mirror plate with an amalgam of tin and mercury.

2. To polish like silver; to impart a brightness to, like that of
silver.
And smiling calmness silvered o'er the deep. Pope.

3. To make hoary, or white, like silver.
His head was silvered o'er with age. Gay.

SILVER
Sil"ver, v. i.

Defn: To acquire a silvery color. [R.]
The eastern sky began to silver and shine. L. Wallace.

SILVERBACK
Sil"ver*back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The knot.

SILVERBERRY
Sil"ver*ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tree or shrub (Elæagnus argentea) with silvery foliage and
fruit. Gray.

SILVERBILL
Sil"ver*bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Old World finch of the genus Minia, as the M. Malabarica of
India, and M. cantans of Africa.

SILVERBOOM
Sil"ver*boom`, n. Etym: [D. zilver silver + boom tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Leucadendron.

SILVER CERTIFICATE
Sil"ver cer*tif"i*cate.

Defn: A certificate issued by a government that there has been
deposited with it silver to a specified amount, payable to the bearer
on demand. In the United States and its possessions, it is issued
against the deposit of silver coin, and is not legal tender, but is
receivable for customs, taxes, and all public dues.

SILVERFIN
Sil"ver*fin`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small North American fresh-water cyprinoid fish (Notropis
Whipplei).

SILVERFISH
Sil"ver*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The tarpum.
(b) A white variety of the goldfish. Lepisma saccharina, which may
infest houses, and eats starched clothing and sized papers. See
Lepisma.

SILVER-GRAY
Sil"ver-gray`, a.

Defn: Having a gray color with a silvery luster; as, silver-gray
hair.

SILVERINESS
Sil"ver*i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being silvery.

SILVERING
Sil"ver*ing, n. (Metal.)

Defn: The art or process of covering metals, wood, paper, glass,
etc., with a thin film of metallic silver, or a substance resembling
silver; also, the firm do laid on; as, the silvering of a glass
speculum.

SILVERITE
Sil"ver*ite, n.

Defn: One who favors the use or establishment of silver as a monetary
standard; -- so called by those who favor the gold standard. [Colloq.
or Cant]

SILVERIZE
Sil"ver*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Silverized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Silverizing.]

Defn: To cover with silver.

SILVERLESS
Sil"ver*less, a.

Defn: Having no silcver; hence, without money; impecunious. Piers
Plowman.

SILVERLING
Sil"ver*ling, n.

Defn: A small silver coin. [Obs.]
A thousand vines at a thousand silverings. Isa. vii. 23.

SILVERLY
Sil"ver*ly, adv.

Defn: Like silver in appearance or in sound.
Let me wipe off this honorable dew, That silverly doth progress on
thy cheeks. Shak.

SILVERN
Sil"vern, a. Etym: [AS. seolfern, sylfren.]

Defn: Made of silver. [Archaic.] Wyclif (Acts xix. 24).
Speech is silvern; silence is golden. Old Proverb.

SILVERSIDES
Sil"ver*sides`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small fishes of the family
Atherinidæ, having a silvery stripe along each side of the body. The
common species of the American coast (Menidia notata) is very
abundant. Called also silverside, sand smelt, friar, tailor, and
tinker. Brook silversides (Zoöl.), a small fresh-water North American
fish (Labadesthes sicculus) related to the marine silversides.

SILVERSMITH
Sil"ver*smith`, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to manufacture utensils, ornaments,
etc., of silver; a worker in silver.

SILVERSPOT
Sil"ver*spot`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of butterflies of the genus
Argynnis and allied genera, having silvery spots on the under side of
the wings. See Illust. under Aphrodite.

SILVER STATE
Silver State.

Defn: Nevada; -- a nickname alluding to its silver mines.

SILVERWARE
Sil"ver*ware`, n.

Defn: Dishes, vases, ornaments, and utensils of various sorts, made
of silver.

SILVERWEED
Sil"ver*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial rosaceous herb (Potentilla Anserina) having the
leaves silvery white beneath.

SILVERY
Sil"ver*y, a.

1. Resembling, or having the luster of, silver; grayish white and
lustrous; of a mild luster; bright.
All the enameled race, whose silvery wing Waves to the tepid zephyrs
of the spring. Pope.

2. Besprinkled or covered with silver.

3. Having the clear, musical tone of silver; soft and clear in sound;
as, silvery voices; a silvery laugh. Silvery iron (Metal.), a
peculiar light-gray fine-grained cast iron, usually obtained from
clay iron ore.

SILVICS
Sil"vics, n.

1. The science treating of the life of trees in the forest.

2.  Habit or behavior of a forest tree.

SILVICULTURE
Sil"vi*cul`ture, n. Etym: [Cf. F. silviculture.]

Defn: See Sylviculture.

SIMA
Si"ma, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A cyma.

SIMAGRE
Sim"a*gre, n. Etym: [F. simagrée.]

Defn: A grimace. [Obs.] Dryden.

SIMAR
Si*mar", n. Etym: [F. simarre. See Chimere.]

Defn: A woman's long dress or robe; also light covering; a scarf.
[Written also cimar, cymar, samare, simare.]

SIMARRE
Si`marre". Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Simar. Sir W. Scott.

SIMBLOT
Sim"blot, n. Etym: [F. simbleau.]

Defn: The harness of a drawloom.

SIMIA
Sim"i*a, n. Etym: [L., an ape; cf. simus flatnosed, snub-nosed, Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A Linnæan genus of Quadrumana which included the types of
numerous modern genera. By modern writers it is usually restricted to
the genus which includes the orang-outang.

SIMIAL
Sim"i*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Simian; apelike.

SIMIAN
Sim"i*an, a. Etym: [L. simia an ape.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the family Simiadæ, which, in its widest
sense, includes all the Old World apes and monkeys; also, apelike.
 -- n.

Defn: Any Old World monkey or ape.

SIMILAR
Sim"i*lar, a. Etym: [F. similaire, fr. L. similis like, similar. See
Same, a., and cf. Simulate.]

1. Exactly corresponding; resembling in all respects; precisely like.

2. Nearly corresponding; resembling in many respects; somewhat like;
having a general likeness.

3. Homogenous; uniform. [R.] Boyle. Similar figures (Geom.), figures
which differ from each other only in magnitude, being made up of the
same number of like parts similarly situated.
 -- Similar rectilineal figures, such as have their several angles
respectively equal, each to each, and their sides about the equal
angles proportional.
 -- Similar solids, such as are contained by the same number of
similar planes, similarly situated, and having like inclination to
one another.

SIMILAR
Sim"i*lar, n.

Defn: That which is similar to, or resembles, something else, as in
quality, form, etc.

SIMILARITY
Sim`i*lar"i*ty, n.; pl. -ties. Etym: [Cf. F. similarité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being similar; likeness; resemblance;
as, a similarity of features.
Hardly is there a similarity detected between two or three facts,
than men hasten to extend it to all. Sir W. Hamilton.

SIMILARLY
Sim"i*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a similar manner.

SIMILARY
Sim"i*lar*y, a.

Defn: Similar. [Obs.]
Rhyming cadences of similarly words. South.

SIMILATIVE
Sim"i*la*tive, a.

Defn: Implying or indicating likeness or resemblance. [R.]
In similative or instrumental relation to a pa. pple. [past
participle], as almond-leaved, -scented, etc. New English Dict.

SIMILE
Simi"*le, n.; pl. Similes. Etym: [L., from similis. See Similar.]
(Rhet.)

Defn: A word or phrase by which anything is likened, in one or more
of its aspects, to something else; a similitude; a poetical or
imaginative comparison.
A good swift simile, but something currish. Shak.

SIMILITER
Si*mil"i*ter, n. Etym: [L., in like manner.] (Law)

Defn: The technical name of the form by which either party, in
pleading, accepts the issue tendered by his opponent; -- called
sometimes a joinder in issue.

SIMILITUDE
Si*mil"i*tude, n. Etym: [F. similitude, L. similitudo, from similis
similar. See Similar.]

1. The quality or state of being similar or like; resemblance;
likeness; similarity; as, similitude of substance. Chaucer.
Let us make now man in our image, man In our similitude. Milton.
If fate some future bard shall join In sad similitude of griefs to
mine. Pope.

2. The act of likening, or that which likens, one thing to another;
fanciful or imaginative comparison; a simile.
Tasso, in his similitudes, never departed from the woods; that is,
all his comparisons were taken from the country. Dryden.

3. That which is like or similar; a representation, semblance, or
copy; a facsimile.
Man should wed his similitude. Chaucer.

SIMILITUDINARY
Si*mil`i*tu"di*na*ry, a.

Defn: Involving or expressing similitude. [Obs.] Coke.

SIMILIZE
Sim"i*lize, v. t.

Defn: To liken; to compare; as, to similize a person, thing, or act.
Lowell.

SIMILOR
Sim"i*lor, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. similus similar + F. or gold, L.
aurum. Cf. Semilor.]

Defn: An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling brass, but of a golden
color. Ure.

SIMIOUS
Sim"i*ous, a.Etym: [L. simia an ape.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Simian.
That strange simious, schoolboy passion of giving pain to others.
Sydney Smith.

SIMITAR
Sim"i*tar, n.

Defn: See Scimiter.

SIMMER
Sim"mer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Simmered; p. pr. & vb. n. Simmering.]
Etym: [Prov. E. also simper; -- an onomatopoetic word.]

Defn: To boil gently, or with a gentle hissing; to begin to boil.
I simmer as liquor doth on the fire before it beginneth to boil.
Palsgrave.

SIMMER
Sim"mer, v. t.

Defn: To cause to boil gently; to cook in liquid heated almost or
just to the boiling point.

SIMNEL
Sim"nel, n. Etym: [OF. simenel cake or bread of wheat flour, LL.
simenellus wheat bread, fr. L. simila the finest wheat flour. Cf.
Semolina.]

1. A kind of cake made of fine flour; a cracknel. [Obs.]
Not common bread, but vastel bread, or simnels. Fuller.

2. A kind of rich plum cake, eaten especially on Mid-Lent Sunday.
[Eng.] Herrick.

SIMONIAC
Si*mo"ni*ac, n. Etym: [LL. simoniacus. See Simony.]

Defn: One who practices simony, or who buys or sells preferment in
the church. Ayliffe.

SIMONIACAL
Sim`o*ni"a*cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to simony; guilty of simony; consisting of
simony.
 -- Sim"o*ni`a*cal*ly, adv.
The flagitious profligacy of their lives, and the simoniacal arts by
which they grasped at the popedom. J. S. Harford.

SIMONIAL
Si*mo"ni*al, a.

Defn: Simoniacal. [Obs.]

SIMONIAN
Si*mo"ni*an, n.Etym: [See Simony.]

Defn: One of the followers of Simon Magus; also, an adherent of
certain heretical sects in the early Christian church.

SIMONIOUS
Si*mo"ni*ous, a.

Defn: Simoniacal. [Obs.] Milton.

SIMONIST
Sim"o*nist, n.

Defn: One who practices simony.

SIMON-PURE
Si"mon-pure", a.

Defn: Genuine; true; real; authentic; -- a term alluding to the
comedy character Simon Pure, who is impersonated by another and is
obliged to prove himself to be the "real Simon Pure."

SIMONY
Sim"o*ny, n. Etym: [F. simonie, LL. simonia, fr. Simon Magus, who
wished to purchase the power of conferring the Holy Spirit. Acts
viii.]

Defn: The crime of buying or selling ecclesiastical preferment; the
corrupt presentation of any one to an ecclesiastical benefice for
money or reward. Piers Plowman.

SIMOOM; SIMOON
Si*moom", Si*moon", n. Etym: [Ar. sam, fr. samma to poison. Cf.
Samiel.]

Defn: A hot, dry, suffocating, dust-laden wind, that blows
occasionally in Arabia, Syria, and neighboring countries, generated
by the extreme heat of the parched deserts or sandy plains.

SIMOUS
Si"mous, a.Etym: [L. simus, Gr.

Defn: Having a very flat or snub nose, with the end turned up.

SIMPAI
Sim"pai, n.Etym: [Malay simpei.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A long-tailed monkey (Semnopitchecus melalophus) native of
Sumatra. It has a crest of black hair. The forehead and cheeks are
fawn color, the upper parts tawny and red, the under parts white.
Called also black-crested monkey, and sinpæ.

SIMPER
Sim"per, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Simpered; p. pr. & vb. n. Simpering.]
Etym: [Cf. Norw. semper fine, smart, dial. Dan. semper, simper,
affected, coy, prudish, OSw. semper one who affectedly refrains from
eating, Sw. sipp finical, prim, LG. sipp.]

1. To smile in a silly, affected, or conceited manner.
Behold yond simpering dame. Shak.
With a made countenance about her mouth, between simpering and
smiling. ir. P. Sidney.

2. To glimmer; to twinkle. [Obs.]
Yet can I mark how stars above Simper and shine. Herbert.

SIMPER
Sim"per, n.

Defn: A constrained, self-conscious smile; an affected, silly smile;
a smirk.
The conscious simper, and the jealous leer. Pope.

SIMPERER
Sim"per*er, n.

Defn: One who simpers. Sir W. Scott.
A simperer that a court affords. T. Nevile.

SIMPERING
Sim"per*ing, a. &. n.

Defn: from Simper, v.

SIMPERINGLY
Sim"per*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a simpering manner.

SIMPLE
Sim"ple, a. [Compar. Simpler; superl. Simplest.] Etym: [F., fr. L.
simplus, or simplex, gen. simplicis. The first part of the Latin
words is probably akin to E. same, and the sense, one, one and the
same; cf. L. semel once, singuli one to each, single. Cg. Single, a.,
Same, a., and for the last part of the word cf. Double, Complex.]

1. Single; not complex; not infolded or entangled; uncombined; not
compounded; not blended with something else; not complicated; as, a
simple substance; a simple idea; a simple sound; a simple machine; a
simple problem; simple tasks.

2. Plain; unadorned; as, simple dress. "Simple truth." Spenser. "His
simple story." Burns.

3. Mere; not other than; being only.
A medicine . . . whose simple touch Is powerful to araise King Pepin.
Shak.

4. Not given to artifice, stratagem, or duplicity; undesigning;
sincere; true.
Full many fine men go upon my score, as simple as I stand here, and I
trust them. Marston.
Must thou trust Tradition's simple tongue Byron.
To be simple is to be great. Emerson.

5. Artless in manner; unaffected; unconstrained; natural;
inartificial;; straightforward.
In simple manners all the secret lies. Young.

6. Direct; clear; intelligible; not abstruse or enigmatical; as, a
simple statement; simple language.

7. Weak in intellect; not wise or sagacious; of but moderate
understanding or attainments; hence, foolish; silly. "You have simple
wits." Shak.
The simple believeth every word; but the prudent man looketh well to
his going. Prov. xiv. 15.

8. Not luxurious; without much variety; plain; as, a simple diet; a
simple way of living.
Thy simple fare and all thy plain delights. Cowper.

9. Humble; lowly; undistinguished.
A simple husbandman in garments gray. Spenser.
Clergy and laity, male and female, gentle and simple made the fuel of
the same fire. Fuller.

10. (BOt.)

Defn: Without subdivisions; entire; as, a simple stem; a simple leaf.

11. (Chem.)

Defn: Not capable of being decomposed into anything more simple or
ultimate by any means at present known; elementary; thus, atoms are
regarded as simple bodies. Cf. Ultimate, a.

Note: A simple body is one that has not as yet been decomposed. There
are indications that many of our simple elements are still compound
bodies, though their actual decomposition into anything simpler may
never be accomplished.fundamental particle

12. (Min.)

Defn: Homogenous.

13. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Consisting of a single individual or zooid; as, a simple
ascidian; -- opposed to compound. Simple contract (Law), any
contract, whether verbal or written, which is not of record or under
seal. J. W. Smith. Chitty.
 -- Simple equation (Alg.), an eqyation containing but one unknown
quantity, and that quantity only in the first degree.
 -- Simple eye (Zoöl.), an eye having a single lens; -- opposed to
Ant: compound eye.
 -- Simple interest. See under Interest.
 -- Simple larceny. (Law) See under Larceny.
 -- Simple obligation (Rom. Law), an obligation which does not depend
for its execution upon any event provided for by the parties, or is
not to become void on the happening of any such event. Burrill.

Syn.
 -- Single; uncompounded; unmingled; unmixed; mere; uncombined;
elementary; plain; artless; sincere; harmless; undesigning; frank;
open; unaffected; inartificial; unadorned; credulous; silly; foolish;
shallow; unwise.
 -- Simple, Silly. One who is simple is sincere, unaffected, and
inexperienced in duplicity, -- hence liable to be duped. A silly
person is one who is ignorant or weak and also self-confident; hence,
one who shows in speech and act a lack of good sense. Simplicity is
incompatible with duplicity, artfulness, or vanity, while silliness
is consistent with all three. Simplicity denotes lack of knowledge or
of guile; silliness denotes want of judgment or right purpose, a
defect of character as well as of education.
I am a simple woman, much too weak To oppose your cunning. Shak.
He is the companion of the silliest people in their most silly
pleasure; he is ready for every impertinent entertainment and
diversion. Law.

SIMPLE
Sim"ple, n. Etym: [F. See Simple, a.]

1. Something not mixed or compounded. "Compounded of many simples."
Shak.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A medicinal plant; -- so called because each vegetable was
supposed to possess its particular virtue, and therefore to
constitute a simple remedy.
What virtue is in this remedy lies in the naked simple itself as it
comes over from the Indies. Sir W. Temple.

3. (Weaving)
(a) A drawloom.
(b) A part of the apparatus for raising the heddles of a drawloom.

4. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A feast which is not a double or a semidouble.

SIMPLE
Sim"ple, v. i.

Defn: To gather simples, or medicinal plants.
As simpling on the flowery hills she [Circe] strayed. Garth.

SIMPLE-HEARTED
Sim"ple-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Sincere; inguenuous; guileless. Sir W. Scott.

SIMPLE-MINDED
Sim"ple-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Artless; guileless; simple-hearted; undesigning; unsuspecting;
devoid of duplicity. Blackstone.
 -- Sim"ple-mind`ed*ness, n.

SIMPLENESS
Sim"ple*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being simple; simplicity. Shak.

SIMPLER
Sim"pler, n.

Defn: One who collects simples, or medicinal plants; a herbalist; a
simplist. Simpler's joy. (Bot.) Vervain.

SIMPLESS
Sim"pless, n. Etym: [F. simplesse.]

Defn: Simplicity; silliness. [Obs.] Spenser.

SIMPLETON
Sim"ple*ton, n. Etym: [Cf. F. simplet, It. semplicione.]

Defn: A person of weak intellect; a silly person.

SIMPLICIAN
Sim*pli"cian, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. simplicien.]

Defn: One who is simple. [Obs.] Arnway.

SIMPLICITY
Sim*plic"i*ty, n. Etym: [F. simplicité, L. simplicitas. See Simple.]

1. The quality or state of being simple, unmixed, or uncompounded;
as, the simplicity of metals or of earths.

2. The quality or state of being not complex, or of consisting of few
parts; as, the simplicity of a machine.

3. Artlessness of mind; freedom from cunning or duplicity; lack of
acuteness and sagacity.
Marquis Dorset, a man, for his harmless simplicity neither misliked
nor much regarded. Hayward.
In wit a man; simplicity a child. Pope.

4. Freedom from artificial ornament, pretentious style, or luxury;
plainness; as, simplicity of dress, of style, or of language;
simplicity of diet; simplicity of life.

5. Freedom from subtlety or abstruseness; clearness; as, the
simplicity of a doctrine; the simplicity of an explanation or a
demonstration.

6. Weakness of intellect; silliness; folly.
How long, ye simple ones, will ye love simplicity and the scorners
delight in their scorning Prov. i. 22.

SIMPLIFICATION
Sim`pli*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. simplification.]

Defn: The act of simplifying. A. Smith.

SIMPLIFY
Sim"pli*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Simplified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Simplifying.] Etym: [Cf. F. simplifier, LL. simplificare. See Simple,
and -fy.]

Defn: To make simple; to make less complex; to make clear by giving
the explanation for; to show an easier or shorter process for doing
or making.
The collection of duties is drawn to a point, and so far simplified.
A. Hamilton.
It is important, in scientific pursuits, to be caitious in
simplifying our deductions. W. Nicholson.

SIMPLIST
Sim"plist, n.

Defn: One skilled in simples, or medicinal plants; a simpler. Sir T.
Browne.

SIMPLISTIC
Sim*plis"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to simples, or a simplist. [R.] Wilkinson.

SIMPLITY
Sim"pli*ty, n.

Defn: Simplicity. [Obs.]

SIMPLOCE
Sim"plo*ce, n. (Gram.)

Defn: See Symploce.

SIMPLY
Sim"ply, adv.

1. In a simple manner or state; considered in or by itself; without
addition; along; merely; solely; barely.
[They] make that now good or evil, . . . which otherwise of itself
were not simply the one or the other. Hooker.
Simply the thing I am Shall make me live. Shak.

2. Plainly; without art or subtlety.
Subverting worldly strong and worldly wise By simply meek. Milton.

3. Weakly; foolishly. Johnson.

SIMULACHER; SIMULACHRE
Sim"u*la`cher, Sim"u*la`chre, n. Etym: [Cf. F. simulacre.]

Defn: See Simulacrum. [Obs.]

SIMULACRUM
Sim`u*la"crum, n.; pl. Simulacra. Etym: [L. See Simulate.]

Defn: A likeness; a semblance; a mock appearance; a sham; -- now
usually in a derogatory sense.
Beneath it nothing but a great simulacrum. Thackeray.

SIMULAR
Sim"u*lar, n. Etym: [Cf. L. simulator, F. simulateur. See Simulate.]

Defn: One who pretends to be what he is not; one who, or that which,
simulates or counterfeits something; a pretender. [Obs.] Shak.
Christ calleth the Pharisees hypocrites, that is to say, simulars,
and painted sepulchers. Tyndale.

SIMULAR
Sim"u*lar, a.

Defn: False; specious; counterfeit. [R. & Obs.] "Thou simular man of
virtue." Shak.

SIMULATE
Sim"u*late, a. Etym: [L. simulatus, p. p. of simulare to simulate;
akin to simul at the same time, together, similis like. See Similar,
and cf. Dissemble, Semblance.]

Defn: Feigned; pretended. Bale.

SIMULATE
Sim"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Simulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Simulating.]

Defn: To assume the mere appearance of, without the reality; to
assume the signs or indications of, falsely; to counterfeit; to
feign.
The Puritans, even in the depths of the dungeons to which she had
sent them, prayed, and with no simulated fervor, that she might be
kept from the dagger of the assassin. Macaulay.

SIMULATION
Sim`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [F. simulation, L. simulatio.]

Defn: The act of simulating, or assuming an appearance which is
feigned, or not true; -- distinguished from dissimulation, which
disguises or conceals what is true.

Syn.
 -- Counterfeiting; feint; pretense.

SIMULATOR
Sim"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who simulates, or feigns. De Quincey.

SIMULATORY
Sim"u*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Simulated, or capable of being simulated. Bp. Hall.

SIMULTANEITY
Si`mul*ta*ne"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being simultaneous; simultaneousness.

SIMULTANEOUS
Si`mul*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [LL. simultim at the same time, fr. L.
simul. See Simulate.]

Defn: Existing, happening, or done, at the same time; as,
simultaneous events.
 -- Si`mul*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Si`mul*ta"ne*ous*ness, n. Simultaneous equations (Alg.), two or
more equations in which the values of the unknown quantities entering
them are the same at the same time in both or in all.

SIMULTY
Sim"ul*ty, n. Etym: [L. simultas a hostile encounter, drudge,
originally, a (hostile) coming together, fr. simul together: cf. OF.
simulté.]

Defn: Private grudge or quarrel; as, domestic simulties. [Obs.] B.
Jonson.

SIN
Sin, adv., prep., & conj.

Defn: Old form of Since. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.]
Sin that his lord was twenty year of age. Chaucer.

SIN
Sin, n. Etym: [OE. sinne, AS. synn, syn; akin to D. zonde, OS.
sundia, OHG. sunta, G. sünde, Icel., Dan. & Sw. synd, L. sons,
sontis, guilty, perhaps originally from the p. pr. of the verb
signifying, to be, and meaning, the one who it is. Cf. Authentic,
Sooth.]

1. Transgression of the law of God; disobedience of the divine
command; any violation of God's will, either in purpose or conduct;
moral deficiency in the character; iniquity; as, sins of omission and
sins of commission.
Whosoever committeth sin is the servant of sin. John viii. 34.
Sin is the transgression of the law. 1 John iii. 4.
I think 't no sin. To cozen him that would unjustly win. Shak.
Enthralled By sin to foul, exorbitant desires. Milton.

2. An offense, in general; a violation of propriety; a misdemeanor;
as, a sin against good manners.
I grant that poetry's a crying sin. Pope.

3. A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin.
He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin. 2 Cor. v. 21.

4. An embodiment of sin; a very wicked person. [R.]
Thy ambition, Thou scarlet sin, robbed this bewailing land Of noble
Buckingham. Shak.

Note: Sin is used in the formation of some compound words of obvious
signification; as, sin-born; sin-bred, sin-oppressed, sin-polluted,
and the like. Actual sin, Canonical sins, Original sin, Venial sin.
See under Actual, Canonical, etc.
 -- Deadly, or Mortal, sins (R. C. Ch.), willful and deliberate
transgressions, which take away divine grace; -- in distinction from
vental sins. The seven deadly sins are pride, covetousness, lust,
wrath, gluttony, envy, and sloth.
 -- Sin eater, a man who (according to a former practice in England)
for a small gratuity ate a piece of bread laid on the chest of a dead
person, whereby he was supposed to have taken the sins of the dead
person upon himself.
 -- Sin offering, a sacrifice for sin; something offered as an
expiation for sin.

Syn.
 -- Iniquity; wickedness; wrong. See Crime.

SIN
Sin, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sinned; p. pr. & vb. n. Sinning.] Etym: [OE.
sinnen, singen, sinegen, AS. syngian. See Sin, n.]

1. To depart voluntarily from the path of duty prescribed by God to
man; to violate the divine law in any particular, by actual
transgression or by the neglect or nonobservance of its injunctions;
to violate any known rule of duty; -- often followed by against.
Against thee, thee only, have I sinned. Ps. li. 4.
All have sinned, and come short of the glory of God. Rom. iii. 23.

2. To violate human rights, law, or propriety; to commit an offense;
to trespass; to transgress.
I am a man More sinned against than sinning. Shak.
Who but wishes to invert the laws Of order, sins against the eternal
cause. Pope.

SINAIC; SINAITIC
Si*na"ic, Si`na*it"ic, a. Etym: [From Mount Sinai.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Mount Sinai; given or made at Mount Sinai;
as, the Sinaitic law. Sinaitic manuscript, a fourth century Greek
manuscript of the part Bible, discovered at Mount Sinai (the greater
part of it in 1859) by Tisschendorf, a German Biblical critic; --
called also Codex Sinaiticus.

SINALBIN
Sin*al"bin, n. Etym: [From L. Sinapis + alba.] (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside found in the seeds of white mustard (Brassica alba,
formerly Sinapis alba), and extracted as a white crystalline
substance.

SINAMINE
Sin*am"ine, n. Etym: [Sinapis + melamine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter white crystalline nitrogenous substance, obtained
indirectly from oil of mustard and ammonia; -- called also allyl
melamine.

SINAPATE
Sin"a*pate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sinapic acid.

SINAPIC
Sin"a*pic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to sinapine; specifically, designating an acid
(C11H12O5) related to gallic acid, and obtained by the decomposition
of sinapine, as a white crystalline substance.

SINAPINE
Sin"a*pine, n. Etym: [L. sinapi, sinapis, mustard, Gr. sinapine.]
(Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid occuring in the seeds of mustard. It is extracted,
in combination with sulphocyanic acid, as a white crystalline
substance, having a hot, bitter taste. When sinapine is isolated it
is unstable and undergoes decomposition.

SINAPIS
Si*na"pis, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A disused generic name for mustard; -- now called Brassica.

SINAPISIN
Sin"a*pis`in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance extracted from mustard seed and probably identical
with sinalbin. [Obs.]

SINAPISM
Sin"a*pism, n. Etym: [L. sinapismus, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A plaster or poultice composed principally of powdered mustard
seed, or containing the volatile oil of mustard seed. It is a
powerful irritant.

SINAPOLEIC
Sin`a*po*le"ic, a. Etym: [Sinapis + oleic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to mustard oil; specifically, designating an
acid of the oleic acid series said to occur in mistard oil.

SINAPOLINE
Si*nap"o*line, n. Etym: [Sinapis + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous base, CO.(NH.C3H5)2, related to urea, extracted
from mustard oil, and also produced artifically, as a white
crystalline substance; -- called also diallyl urea.

SINCALINE
Sin"ca*line, n. Etym: [So called because obtained by the action of
alkalies on sinapine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Choline. [Written also sinkaline.]

SINCE
Since, adv. Etym: [For sins, contr. fr. OE. sithens, sithenes, formed
by an adverbial ending (cf. Besides) from OE. sithen, also shortened
into sithe, sin, AS. si, sy, seo, afterward, then, since, after;
properly, after that; fr. sisi afterward, since, OHG. sid, G. seit
since, Goth. seipus late, ni sei no longer) + instrumental of the
demonstrative and article. See That.]

1. From a definite past time until now; as, he went a month ago, and
I have not seen him since.
We since become the slaves to one man's lust. B. Jonson.

2. In the time past, counting backward from the present; before this
or now; ago.
w many ages since has Virgil writ Roscommon.
About two years since, it so fell out, that he was brought to a great
lady's house. Sir P. Sidney.

3. When or that. [Obs.]
Do you remember since we lay all night in the windmill in St.
George's field Shak.

SINCE
Since, prep.

Defn: From the time of; in or during the time subsequent to;
subsequently to; after; -- usually with a past event or time for the
object.
The Lord hath blessed thee, since my coming. Gen. xxx. 30.
I have a model by which he build a nobler poem than any extant since
the ancients. Dryden.

SINCE
Since, conj.

Defn: Seeing that; because; considering; -- formerly followed by
that.
Since that my penitence comes after all, Imploring pardon. Shak.
Since truth and constancy are vain, Since neither love, nor sense of
pain, Nor force of reason, can persuade, Then let example be obeyed.
Granville.

Syn.
 -- Because; for; as; inasmuch as; considering. See Because.

SINCERE
Sin*cere", a. [Compar. Sincerer; superl. Sincerest.] Etym: [L.
sincerus, of uncertain origin; the first part perhaps akin to sin- in
singuli (see Single), and the second to cernere to separate (cf.
Discern): cf. F. sincère.]

1. Pure; unmixed; unadulterated.
There is no sincere acid in any animal juice. Arbuthnot.
A joy which never was sincere till now. Dryden.

2. Whole; perfect; unhurt; uninjured. [Obs.]
The inviolable body stood sincere. Dryden.

3. Being in reality what it appears to be; having a character which
corresponds with the appearance; not falsely assumed; genuine; true;
real; as, a sincere desire for knowledge; a sincere contempt for
meanness.
A sincere intention of pleasing God in all our actions. Law.

4. Honest; free from hypocrisy or dissimulation; as, a sincere
friend; a sincere person.
The more sincere you are, the better it will fare with you at the
great day of account. Waterland.

Syn.
 -- Honest; unfeigned; unvarnished; real; true; unaffected;
inartificial; frank; upright. See Hearty.

SINCERELY
Sin*cere"ly, adv.

Defn: In a sincere manner. Specifically:
(a) Purely; without alloy. Milton.
(b) Honestly; unfeignedly; without dissimulation; as, to speak one's
mind sincerely; to love virtue sincerely.

SINCERENESS
Sin*cere"ness, n.

Defn: Same as Sincerity. Beau & Fl.

SINCERITY
Sin*cer"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. sinceritas: cf. F. sincérité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being sincere; honesty of mind or
intention; freedom from simulation, hypocrisy, disguise, or false
pretense; sincereness.
I protest, in the sincerity of love. Shak.
Sincerity is a duty no less plain than important. Knox.

SINCH
Sinch, n. Etym: [See Cinch.]

Defn: A saddle girth made of leather, canvas, woven horsehair, or
woven grass. [Western U.S.]

SINCH
Sinch, v. t.

Defn: To gird with a sinch; to tighten the sinch or girth of (a
saddle); as, to sinch up a sadle. [Western U.S.]

SINCIPITAL
Sin*cip"i*tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sinciput; being in the region of the
sinciput.

SINCIPUT
Sin"ci*put, n. Etym: [L., half a head; semihalf + caput the head.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The fore part of the head.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The part of the head of a bird between the base of the bill and
the vertex.

SINDI
Sind"i, n. [Ar. Sindi, fr. Sind Indian, Skr. sindhu river, sea, the
river Indus, the country along the Indus. Cf. Indian, Hindoo.]
(Ethnol.)

Defn: A native of Sind, India, esp. one of the native Hindoo stock.

SINDON
Sin"don, n. Etym: [L., a kind of fine Indian cotton stuff, Gr.

1. A wrapper. [Obs.] "Wrapped in sindons of linen." Bacon.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: A small rag or pledget introduced into the hole in the cranium
made by a trephine. Dunglison.

SINE
Sine, n. Etym: [LL. sinus a sine, L. sinus bosom, used in translating
the Ar. jaib, properly, bosom, but probably read by mistake (the
consonants being the same) for an original jiba sine, from Skr. jiva
bowstring, chord of an arc, sine.] (Trig.)
(a) The length of a perpendicular drawn from one extremity of an arc
of a circle to the diameter drawn through the other extremity.
(b) The perpendicular itself. See Sine of angle, below. Artificial
sines, logarithms of the natural sines, or logarithmic sines.
 -- Curve of sines. See Sinusoid.
 -- Natural sines, the decimals expressing the values of the sines,
the radius being unity.
 -- Sine of an angle, in a circle whose radius is unity, the sine of
the arc that measures the angle; in a right-angled triangle, the side
opposite the given angle divided by the hypotenuse. See
Trigonometrical function, under Function.
 -- Versed sine, that part of the diameter between the sine and the
arc.

SINE
Si"ne, prep. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Without.

SINECURAL
Si"ne*cu`ral, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a sinecure; being in the nature of a
sinecure.

SINECURE
Si`ne*cure, n. Etym: [L. sine without + cura care, LL., a cure. See
Cure.]

1. An ecclesiastical benefice without the care of souls. Ayliffe.

2. Any office or position which requires or involves little or no
responsibility, labor, or active service.
A lucrative sinecure in the Excise. Macaulay.

SINECURE
Si"ne*cure, v. t.

Defn: To put or place in a sinecure.

SINECURISM
Si"ne*cu*rism, n.

Defn: The state of having a sinecure.

SINECURIST
Si"ne*cu*rist, n.

Defn: One who has a sinecure.

SINEW
Sin"ew, n. Etym: [OE. sinewe, senewe, AS. sinu, seonu; akin to D.
zenuw, OHG. senawa, G. sehne, Icel. sin, Sw. sena, Dan. sene; cf.
Skr. snava. sq. root290.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A tendon or tendonous tissue. See Tendon.

2. Muscle; nerve. [R.] Sir J. Davies.

3. Fig.: That which supplies strength or power.
The portion and sinew of her fortune, her marriage dowry. Shak.
The bodies of men, munition, and money, may justly be called the
sinews of war. Sir W. Raleigh.

Note: Money alone is often called the sinews of war.

SINEW
Sin"ew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sinewed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sinewing.]

Defn: To knit together, or make strong with, or as with, sinews.
Shak.
Wretches, now stuck up for long tortures . . . might, if properly
treated, serve to sinew the state in time of danger. Goldsmith.

SINEWED
Sin"ewed, a.

1. Furnished with sinews; as, a strong-sinewed youth.

2. Fig.: Equipped; strengthened.
When he sees Ourselves well sinewed to our defense. Shak.

SINEWINESS
Sin"ew*i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being sinewy.

SINEWISH
Sin"ew*ish, a.

Defn: Sinewy. [Obs.] Holinshed.

SINEWLESS
Sin"ew*less, a.

Defn: Having no sinews; hence, having no strength or vigor.

SINEWOUS
Sin"ew*ous, a.

Defn: Sinewy. [Obs.] Holinshed.

SINEW-SHRUNK
Sin"ew-shrunk`, a. (Far.)

Defn: Having the sinews under the belly shrunk by excessive fatigue.

SINEWY
Sin"ew*y, a.

1. Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling, a sinew or sinews.
The sinewy thread my brain lets fall. Donne.

2. Well braced with, or as if with, sinews; nervous; vigorous;
strong; firm; tough; as, the sinewy Ajax.
A man whose words . . . were so close and sinewy. Hare.

SINFUL
Sin"ful, a. Etym: [AAS. synfull.]

Defn: Tainted with, or full of, sin; wicked; iniquitous; criminal;
unholy; as, sinful men; sinful thoughts. Piers Plowman.
Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity. Isa. i. 4.
-- Sin"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Sin"ful*ness, n.

SING
Sing, v. i. [imp. Sung or Sang (; p. p. Sung; p. pr. & vb. n.
Singing.] Etym: [AS. singan; akin to D. zingen, OS. & OHG. singan, G.
singen, Icel. syngja, Sw. sjunga, Dan. synge, Goth. siggwan, and
perhaps to E. say, v.t., or cf. Gr. Singe, Song.]

1. To utter sounds with musical inflections or melodious modulations
of voice, as fancy may dictate, or according to the notes of a song
or tune, or of a given part (as alto, tenor, etc.) in a chorus or
concerted piece.
The noise of them that sing do I hear. Ex. xxxii. 18.

2. To utter sweet melodious sounds, as birds do.
On every bough the briddes heard I sing. Chaucer.
Singing birds, in silver cages hung. Dryden.

3. To make a small, shrill sound; as, the air sings in passing
through a crevice.
O'er his head the flying spear Sang innocent, and spent its force in
air. Pope.

4. To tell or relate something in numbers or verse; to celebrate
something in poetry. Milton.
Bid her . . . sing Of human hope by cross event destroyed. Prior.

5. Ti cry out; to complain. [Obs.]
They should sing if thet they were bent. Chaucer.

SING
Sing, v. t.

1. To utter with musical infections or modulations of voice.
And they sing the song of Moses, the servant of God, and the song of
the Lamb. Rev. xv. 3.
And in the darkness sing your carol of high praise. Keble.

2. To celebrate is song; to give praises to in verse; to relate or
rehearse in numbers, verse, or poetry. Milton.
Arms and the man I sing. Dryden.
The last, the happiest British king, Whom thou shalt paint or I shall
sing. Addison.

3. To influence by singing; to lull by singing; as, to sing a child
to sleep.

4. To accompany, or attend on, with singing.
I heard them singing home the bride. Longfellow.

SINGE
Singe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Singed; p. pr. & vb. n. Singeing.] Etym:
[OE. sengen, AS. sengan in besengan (akin to D. zengen, G. sengen),
originally, to cause to sing, fr. AS. singan to sing, in allusion to
the singing or hissing sound often produced when a substance is
singed, or slightly burned. See Sing.]

1. To burn slightly or superficially; to burn the surface of; to burn
the ends or outside of; as, to singe the hair or the skin.
You sulphurous and thought-executing fires, . . . Singe my white
head! Shak.
I singed the toes of an ape through a burning glass. L'Estrange.

2.
(a) To remove the nap of (cloth), by passing it rapidly over a red-
hot bar, or over a flame, preliminary to dyeing it.
(b) To remove the hair or down from (a plucked chicken or the like)
by passing it over a flame.

SINGE
Singe, n.

Defn: A burning of the surface; a slight burn.

SINGER
Sin"ger, n. Etym: [From Singe.]

Defn: One who, or that which, singes. Specifically:
(a) One employed to singe cloth.
(b) A machine for singeing cloth.

SINGER
Sing"er, n. Etym: [From Sing.]

Defn: One who sings; especially, one whose profession is to sing.

SINGERESS
Sing"er*ess, n.

Defn: A songstress. [Obs.] Wyclif.

SINGHALESE
Sin`gha*lese", n. & a. Etym: [Skr.Si Ceylon.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: Same as Cingalese.

SINGING
Sing"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Sing, v. Singing bird. (Zoöl.) (a) Popularly, any bird
that sings; a song bird. (b) Specifically, any one of the Oscines.
 -- Singing book, a book containing music for singing; a book of
tunes.
 -- Singing falcon or hawk. (Zoöl.) See Chanting falcon, under
Chanting.
 -- Singing fish (Zoöl.), a California toadfish (Porichthys
porosissimus).
 -- Singing flame (Acoustics), a flame, as of hydrogen or coal gas,
burning within a tube and so adjusted as to set the air within the
tube in vibration, causing sound. The apparatus is called also
chemical harmonicon.
 -- Singing master, a man who teaches vocal music.
 -- Singing school, a school in which persons are instructed in
singing.

SINGINGLY
Sing"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With sounds like singing; with a kind of tune; in a singing
tone. G. North (1575).

SINGLE
Sin"gle, a. Etym: [L. singulus, a dim. from the root in simplex
simple; cf. OE. & OF. sengle, fr. L. singulus. See Simple, and cf.
Singular.]

1. One only, as distinguished from more than one; consisting of one
alone; individual; separate; as, a single star.
No single man is born with a right of controlling the opinions of all
the rest. Pope.

2. Alone; having no companion.
Who single hast maintained, Against revolted multitudes, the cause Of
truth. Milton.

3. Hence, unmarried; as, a single man or woman.
Grows, lives, and dies in single blessedness. Shak.
Single chose to live, and shunned to wed. Dryden.

4. Not doubled, twisted together, or combined with others; as, a
single thread; a single strand of a rope.

5. Performed by one person, or one on each side; as, a single combat.
These shifts refuted, answer thy appellant, . . . Who now defles thee
thrice ti single fight. Milton.

6. Uncompounded; pure; unmixed.
Simple ideas are opposed to complex, and single to compound. I.
Watts.

7. Not deceitful or artful; honest; sincere.
I speak it with a single heart. Shak.

8. Simple; not wise; weak; silly. [Obs.]
He utters such single matter in so infantly a voice. Beau & Fl.
Single ale, beer, or drink, small ale, etc., as contrasted with
double ale, etc., which is stronger. [Obs.] Nares.
 -- Single bill (Law), a written engagement, generally under seal,
for the payment of money, without a penalty. Burril.
 -- Single court (Lawn Tennis), a court laid out for only two
players.
 -- Single-cut file. See the Note under 4th File.
 -- Single entry. See under Bookkeeping.
 -- Single file. See under 1st File.
 -- Single flower (Bot.), a flower with but one set of petals, as a
wild rose.
 -- Single knot. See Illust. under Knot.
 -- Single whip (Naut.), a single rope running through a fixed block.

SINGLE
Sin"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Singled; p. pr. & vb. n. Singling.]

1. To select, as an individual person or thing, from among a number;
to choose out from others; to separate.
Dogs who hereby can single out their master in the dark. Bacon.
His blood! she faintly screamed her mind Still singling one from all
mankind. More.

2. To sequester; to withdraw; to retire. [Obs.]
An agent singling itself from consorts. Hooker.

3. To take alone, or one by one.
Men . . . commendable when they are singled. Hooker.

SINGLE
Sin"gle, v. i.

Defn: To take the irrregular gait called single-foot;- said of a
horse. See Single-foot.
Many very fleet horses, when overdriven, adopt a disagreeable gait,
which seems to be a cross between a pace and a trot, in which the two
legs of one side are raised almost but not quite, simultaneously.
Such horses are said to single, or to be single-footed. W. S. Clark.

SINGLE
Sin"gle, n.

1. A unit; one; as, to score a single.

2. pl.

Defn: The reeled filaments of silk, twisted without doubling to give
them firmness.

3. A handful of gleaned grain. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

4. (Law Tennis)

Defn: A game with but one player on each side; -- usually in the
plural.

5. (Baseball)

Defn: A hit by a batter which enables him to reach first base only.

SINGLE-ACTING
Sin"gle-act`ing, a.

Defn: Having simplicity of action; especially (Mach.), acting or
exerting force during strokes in one direction only; -- said of a
reciprocating engine, pump, etc.

SINGLE-BREASTED
Sin"gle-breast`ed, a.

Defn: Lapping over the breast only far enough to permit of buttoning,
and having buttons on one edge only; as, a single-breasted coast.

SINGLE-FOOT
Sin"gle-foot`, n.

Defn: An irregular gait of a horse; -- called also single-footed
pace. See Single, v. i.
Single-foot is an irregular pace, rather rare, distinguished by the
posterior extremities moving in the order of a fast walk, and the
anterior extremities in that of a slow trot. Stillman (The Horse in
Motion.)

SINGLE-HANDED
Sin"gle-hand"ed, a.

Defn: Having but one hand, or one workman; also, alone; unassisted.

SINGLE-HEARTED
Sin"gle-heart"ed, a.

Defn: Having an honest heart; free from duplicity.
 -- Sin"gle-heart"ed*ly, adv.

SINGLE-MINDED
Sin"gle-mind"ed, a.

Defn: Having a single purpose; hence, artless; guileless; single-
hearted.

SINGLENESS
Sin"gle*ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being single, or separate from all others;
the opposite of doubleness, complication, or multiplicity.

2. Freedom from duplicity, or secondary and selfish ends; purity of
mind or purpose; simplicity; sincerity; as, singleness of purpose;
singleness of heart.

SINGLES
Sin"gles, n. pl.

Defn: See Single, n., 2.

SINGLESTICK
Sin"gle*stick`, n.
(a) In England and Scotland, a cudgel used in fencing or fighting; a
backsword.
(b) The game played with singlesticks, in which he who first brings
blood from his adversary's head is pronounced victor; backsword;
cudgeling.

SINGLE-SURFACED
Sin"gle-sur"faced, a.

Defn: Having one surface; -- said specif. of aëroplanes or aërocurves
that are covered with fabric, etc., on only one side.

SINGLET
Sin"glet, n.

Defn: An unlined or undyed waistcoat; a single garment; -- opposed to
doublet. [Prov. Eng.]

SINGLE TAX
Sin"gle tax`. (Pol. Econ.)

Defn: A tax levied upon land alone, irrespective of improvements, --
advocated by certain economists as the sole source of public revenue.

Whatever may be thought of Henry George's single-tax theory as a
whole, there can be little question that a relatively higher
assessment of ground rent, with corresponding relief for those who
have made improvements, is a much-needed reform.
A. T. Hadley.

SINGLETON
Sin"gle*ton, n.

Defn: In certain games at cards, as whist, a single card of any suit
held at the deal by a player; as, to lead a singleton.

SINGLETREE
Sin"gle*tree`, n. Etym: [Cf. Swingletree.]

Defn: The pivoted or swinging bar to which the traces of a harnessed
horse are fixed; a whiffletree.

Note: When two horses draw abreast, a singletree is fixed at each end
of another crosspiece, called the doubletree.

SINGLY
Sin"gly, adv.

1. Individually; particularly; severally; as, to make men singly and
personally good.

2. Only; by one's self; alone.
Look thee, 't is so! Thou singly honest man. Shak.

3. Without partners, companions, or associates; single-handed; as, to
attack another singly.
At omber singly to decide their doom. Pope.

4. Honestly; sincerely; simply. [R.] Johnson.

5. Singularly; peculiarly. [Obs.] Milton.

SING-SING
Sing"-sing`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The kob.

SINGSONG
Sing"song`, n.

1. Bad singing or poetry.

2. A drawling or monotonous tone, as of a badly executed song.

SINGSONG
Sing"song`, a.

Defn: Drawling; monotonous.

SINGSONG
Sing"song`, v. i.

Defn: To write poor poetry. [R.] Tennyson.

SINGSPIEL
Sing"spiel`, n. [G.; singen to sing + spiel to play.] (Music)

Defn: A dramatic work, partly in dialogue and partly in song, of a
kind popular in Germany in the latter part of the 18th century. It
was often comic, had modern characters, and patterned its music on
folk song with strictly subordinated accompaniment.

SINGSTER
Sing"ster, n.

Defn: A songstress. [Obs.] Wyclif.

SINGULAR
Sin"gu*lar, a. Etym: [OE. singuler, F. singulier, fr. L. singularius,
singularis, fr. singulus single. See Single, a.]

1. Separate or apart from others; single; distinct. [Obs.] Bacon.
And God forbid that all a company Should rue a singular man's folly.
Chaucer.

2. Engaged in by only one on a side; single. [Obs.]
To try the matter thus together in a singular combat. Holinshed.

3. (Logic)

Defn: Existing by itself; single; individual.
The idea which represents one . . . determinate thing, is called a
singular idea, whether simple, complex, or compound. I. Watts.

4. (Law)

Defn: Each; individual; as, to convey several parcels of land, all
and singular.

5. (Gram.)

Defn: Denoting one person or thing; as, the singular number; --
opposed to dual and Ant: plural.

6. Standing by itself; out of the ordinary course; unusual; uncommon;
strange; as, a singular phenomenon.
So singular a sadness Must have a cause as strange as the effect.
Denham.

7. Distinguished as existing in a very high degree; rarely equaled;
eminent; extraordinary; exceptional; as, a man of singular gravity or
attainments.

8. Departing from general usage or expectations; odd; whimsical; --
often implying disapproval or consure.
His zeal None seconded, as out of season judged, Or singular and
rash. Milton.
To be singular in anything that is wise and worthy, is not a
disparagement, but a praise. Tillotson.

9. Being alone; belonging to, or being, that of which there is but
one; unique.
These busts of the emperors and empresses are all very scarce, and
some of them almost singular in their kind. Addison.
Singular point in a curve (Math.), a point at which the curve
possesses some peculiar properties not possessed by other points of
the curve, as a cusp point, or a multiple point.
 -- Singular proposition (Logic), a proposition having as its subject
a singular term, or a common term limited to an individual by means
of a singular sign. Whately.
 -- Singular succession (Civil Law), division among individual
successors, as distinguished from universal succession, by which an
estate descended in intestacy to the heirs in mass.
 -- Singular term (Logic), a term which represents or stands for a
single individual.

Syn.
 -- Unexampled; unprecedented; eminent; extraordinary; remarkable;
uncommon; rare; unusual; peculiar; strange; odd; eccentric;
fantastic.

SINGULAR
Sin"gu*lar, n.

1. An individual instance; a particular. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

2. (Gram)

Defn: The singular number, or the number denoting one person or
thing; a word in the singular number.

SINGULARIST
Sin"gu*lar*ist, n.

Defn: One who affects singularity. [Obs.]
A clownish singularist, or nonconformist to ordinary usage. Borrow.

SINGULARITY
Sin`gu*lar"i*ty, n.; pl. Singularities. Etym: [L. singularitas: cf.
F. singularité.]

1. The quality or state of being singular; some character or quality
of a thing by which it is distinguished from all, or from most,
others; peculiarity.
Pliny addeth this singularity to that soil, that the second year the
very falling down of the seeds yieldeth corn. Sir. W. Raleigh.
I took notice of this little figure for the singularity of the
instrument. Addison.

2. Anything singular, rare, or curious.
Your gallery Have we passed through, not without much content In many
singularities. Shak.

3. Possession of a particular or exclusive privilege, prerogative, or
distinction.
No bishop of Rome ever took upon him this name of singularity
[universal bishop]. Hooker.
Catholicism . . . must be understood in opposition to the legal
singularity of the Jewish nation. Bp. Pearson.

4. Celibacy. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

SINGULARIZE
Sin"gu*lar*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make singular or single; to distinguish. [R.]

SINGULARLY
Sin"gu*lar*ly, adv.

1. In a singular manner; in a manner, or to a degree, not common to
others; extraordinarily; as, to be singularly exact in one's
statements; singularly considerate of others. "Singularly handsome."
Milman.

2. Strangely; oddly; as, to behave singularly.

3. So as to express one, or the singular number.

SINGULT
Sin"gult, n.Etym: [L. singultus.]

Defn: A sigh or sobbing; also, a hiccough. [Obs.] Spenser. W. Browne.

SINGULTOUS
Sin*gul"tous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Relating to, or affected with, hiccough. Dunglison.

SINGULTUS
Sin*gul"tus, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: Hiccough.

SINIC
Sin"ic, a. [See Sinologue.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Chinese and allied races; Chinese.

SINICAL
Sin"i*cal, a. Etym: [From Sine.] (Trig.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a sine; employing, or founded upon, sines;
as, a sinical quadrant.

SINICISM
Sin"i*cism, n. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Anything peculiar to the Chinese; esp., a Chinese peculiarity
in manners or customs.

SINIGRIN
Sin"i*grin, n. Etym: [From NL. Sinapis nigra.] (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside found in the seeds of black mustard (Brassica
nigra, formerly Sinapis nigra) It resembles sinalbin, and consists of
a potassium salt of myronic acid.

SINISTER
Sin"is*ter, a. Etym: [Accented on the middle syllable by the older
poets, as Shakespeare, Milton, Dryden.] Etym: [L. sinister: cf. F.
sinistre.]

1. On the left hand, or the side of the left hand; left; -- opposed
to dexter, or right. "Here on his sinister cheek." Shak.
My mother's blood Runs on the dexter cheek, and this sinister Bounds
in my father's Shak.

Note: In heraldy the sinister side of an escutcheon is the side which
would be on the left of the bearer of the shield, and opposite the
right hand of the beholder.

2. Unlucky; inauspicious; disastrous; injurious; evil; -- the left
being usually regarded as the unlucky side; as, sinister influences.
All the several ills that visit earth, Brought forth by night, with a
sinister birth. B. Jonson.

3. Wrong, as springing from indirection or obliquity; perverse;
dishonest; corrupt; as, sinister aims.
Nimble and sinister tricks and shifts. Bacon.
He scorns to undermine another's interest by any sinister or inferior
arts. South.
He read in their looks . . . sinister intentions directed
particularly toward himself. Sir W. Scott.

4. Indicative of lurking evil or harm; boding covert danger; as, a
sinister countenance. Bar sinister. (Her.) See under Bar, n.
 -- Sinister aspect (Astrol.), an appearance of two planets happening
according to the succession of the signs, as Saturn in Aries, and
Mars in the same degree of Gemini.
 -- Sinister base, Sinister chief. See under Escutcheon.

SINISTER-HANDED
Sin"is*ter-hand"ed, a.

Defn: Left-handed; hence, unlucky. [Obs.] Lovelace.

SINISTERLY
Sin"is*ter*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sinister manner. Wood.

SINISTRAD
Sin"is*trad, adv. Etym: [L. sinistra the left hand + ad tp.] (Anat. &
Zoöl.)

Defn: Toward the left side; sinistrally.

SINISTRAL
Sin"is*tral, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the left, inclining to the left; sinistrous; -
- opposed to dextral.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the whorls of the spire revolving or rising to the left;
reversed; -- said of certain spiral shells.

SINISTRALITY
Sin`is*tral"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sinistral.

SINISTRALLY
Sin"is*tral*ly, adv.

Defn: Toward the left; in a sinistral manner. J. Le Conte.

SINISTRIN
Sin"is*trin, n. Etym: [L. sinister left.] (Chem.)

Defn: A mucilaginous carbohydrate, resembling achroödextrin,
extracted from squill as a colorless amorphous substance; -- so
called because it is levorotatory.

SINISTRORSAL
Sin`is*tror"sal, a. Etym: [L.sinistrorsus, sinistroversus, turned
toward the left side; sinister left + vertere, vortere, versum,
vorsum, to turn.]

Defn: Rising spirally from right to left (of the spectator);
sinistrorse.

SINISTRORSE
Sin"is*trorse`, a. Etym: [See Sinistrolsal.]

Defn: Turning to the left (of the spectator) in the ascending line; -
- the opposite of dextrorse. See Dextrorse.

SINISTROUS
Sin"is*trous, a. Etym: [See Sinister.]

1. Being on the left side; inclined to the left; sinistral.
"Sinistrous gravity." Sir T. Browne.

2. Wrong; absurd; perverse.
A knave or fool can do no harm, even by the most sinistrous and
absurd choice. Bentley.

SINISTROUSLY
Sin"is*trous*ly, adv.

1. In a sinistrous manner; perversely; wrongly; unluckily.

2. With a tendency to use the left hand.
Many, in their infancy, are sinistrously disposed, and divers
continue all their life left-handed. Sir T. Browne.

SINK
Sink, v. i. [imp. Sunk, or (Sank (); p. p. Sunk (obs. Sunken, -- now
used as adj.); p. pr. & vb. n. Sinking.] Etym: [OE. sinken, AS.
sincan; akin to D. zinken, OS. sincan, G. sinken, Icel. sökkva, Dan.
synke, Sw. sjunka, Goth. siggan, and probably to E. silt. Cf. Silt.]

1. To fall by, or as by, the force of gravity; to descend lower and
lower; to decline gradually; to subside; as, a stone sinks in water;
waves rise and sink; the sun sinks in the west.
I sink in deep mire. Ps. lxix. 2.

2. To enter deeply; to fall or retire beneath or below the surface;
to penetrate.
The stone sunk into his forehead. 1 San. xvii. 49.

3. Hence, to enter so as to make an abiding impression; to enter
completely.
Let these sayings sink down into your ears. Luke ix. 44.

4. To be overwhelmed or depressed; to fall slowly, as so the ground,
from weakness or from an overburden; to fail in strength; to decline;
to decay; to decrease.
I think our country sinks beneath the yoke. Shak.
He sunk down in his chariot. 2 Kings ix. 24.
Let not the fire sink or slacken. Mortimer.

5. To decrease in volume, as a river; to subside; to become
diminished in volume or in apparent height.
The Alps and Pyreneans sink before him. Addison.

Syn.
 -- To fall; subside; drop; droop; lower; decline; decay; decrease;
lessen.

SINK
Sink, v. t.

1. To cause to sink; to put under water; to immerse or submerge in a
fluid; as, to sink a ship.
[The Athenians] fell upon the wings and sank a single ship. Jowett
(Thucyd.).

2. Figuratively: To cause to decline; to depress; to degrade; hence,
to ruin irretrievably; to destroy, as by drowping; as, to sink one's
reputation.
I raise of sink, imprison or set free. Prior.
If I have a conscience, let it sink me. Shak.
Thy cruel and unnatural lust of power Has sunk thy father more than
all his years. Rowe.

3. To make (a depression) by digging, delving, or cutting, etc.; as,
to sink a pit or a well; to sink a die.

4. To bring low; to reduce in quantity; to waste.
You sunk the river repeated draughts. Addison.

5. To conseal and appropriate. [Slang]
If sent with ready money to buy anything, and you happen to be out of
pocket, sink the money, and take up the goods on account. Swift.

6. To keep out of sight; to suppress; to ignore.
A courtly willingness to sink obnoxious truths. Robertson.

7. To reduce or extinguish by payment; as, to sink the national debt.

SINK
Sink, n.

1. A drain to carry off filthy water; a jakes.

2. A shallow box or vessel of wood, stone, iron, or other material,
connected with a drain, and used for receiving filthy water, etc., as
in a kitchen.

3. A hole or low place in land or rock, where waters sink and are
lost; -- called also sink hole. [U. S.] Sink hole. (a) The opening to
a sink drain. (b) A cesspool. (c) Same as Sink, n., 3.

SINKER
Sink"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, sinks. Specifically:
(a) A weight on something, as on a fish line, to sink it.
(b) In knitting machines, one of the thin plates, blades, or other
devices, that depress the loops upon or between the needles. Dividing
sinker, in knitting machines, a sinker between two jack sinkers and
acting alternately with them.
 -- Jack sinker. See under Jack, n.
 -- Sinker bar. (a) In knitting machines, a bar to which one set of
the sinkers is attached. (b) In deep well boring, a heavy bar forming
a connection between the lifting rope and the boring tools, above the
jars.

SINKING
Sink"ing, a & n.

Defn: from Sink. Sinking fund. See under Fund.
 -- Sinking head (Founding), a riser from which the mold is fed as
the casting shrinks. See Riser, n., 4.
 -- Sinking pump, a pump which can be lowered in a well or a mine
shaft as the level of the water sinks.

SINLESS
Sin"less, a.

Defn: Free from sin. Piers Plowman.
 -- Sin"less*ly, adv.
 -- Sin"less*ness, n.

SINNER
Sin"ner, n.

Defn: One who has sinned; especially, one who has sinned without
repenting; hence, a persistent and incorrigible transgressor; one
condemned by the law of God.

SINNER
Sin"ner, v. i.

Defn: To act as a sinner. [Humorous]
Whether the charmer sinner it or saint it. Pope.

SINNERESS
Sin"ner*ess, n.

Defn: A woman who sins. [Obs.]

SINNET
Sin"net, n.

Defn: See Sennit .

SINOLOGICAL
Sin`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Sinilogue.]

Defn: Relating to the Chinese language or literature.

SINOLOGIST
Si*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: A sinilogue.

SINOLOGUE
Sin"o*logue, n. Etym: [From L. Sinae, an Oriental people mentioned by
Ptolemy, or Ar. Sin China or the Chinese + Gr. theologue: cf. F.
sinologue.]

Defn: A student of Chinese; one versed in the Chinese language,
literature, and history.

SINOLOGY
Si*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sinologie.]

Defn: That branch of systemized knowledge which treats of the
Chinese, their language, literature, etc.

SINOPER
Sin"o*per, n. (Min.)

Defn: Sinople.

SINOPIA; SINOPIS
Si*no"pi*a, Si*no"pis, n.

Defn: A red pigment made from sinopite.

SINOPITE
Sin"o*pite, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. sinopis (sc. terra), a red earth or
ocher found in Sinope, a town in Paphlagoma, on the Black Sea, Gr.
(Min.)

Defn: A brickred ferruginous clay used by the ancients for red paint.

SINOPLE
Sin"o*ple, n. (Min.)

Defn: Ferruginous quartz, of a blood-red or brownish red color,
sometimes with a tinge of yellow.

SINOPLE
Sin"o*ple, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. sinopis. See Sinople a mineral.]
(Her.)

Defn: The tincture vert; green.

SINQUE
Sinque, n.

Defn: See Cinque. [Obs.] Beau & Fl.

SINSRING
Sins"ring, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Banxring.

SINTER
Sin"ter, n. Etym: [G. Cf. Cinder.] (Min.)

Defn: Dross, as of iron; the scale which files from iron when
hammered; -- applied as a name to various minerals. Calcareous
sinter, a loose banded variety of calcite formed by deposition from
lime-bearing waters; calcareous tufa; travertine.
 -- Ceraunian sinter, fulgurite.
 -- Siliceous sinter, a light cellular or fibrous opal; especially,
geyserite (see Geyserite). It has often a pearly luster, and is then
called pearl sinter.

SINTO; SINTU; SINTOISM; SINTOIST
Sin"to, or Sin"tu, Sin"to*ism, Sin"to*ist.

Defn: See Shinto, etc.

SINTOC
Sin"toc, n.

Defn: A kind of spice used in the East Indies, consisting of the bark
of a species of Cinnamomum. [Written also sindoc.]

SINUATE
Sin"u*ate, a. Etym: [L. sinuatus, p. p. of sinuare to wind, bend, fr.
sinus a bend.]

Defn: Having the margin alternately curved inward and outward; having
rounded lobes separated by rounded sinuses; sinuous; wavy.

SINUATE
Sin"u*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sinuated; p. pr. & vb. n. Sinuating.]

Defn: To bend or curve in and out; to wind; to turn; to be sinusous.
Woodward.

SINUATED
Sin"u*a`ted, a.

Defn: Same as Sinuate.

SINUATION
Sin`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. sinuatio.]

Defn: A winding or bending in and out.

SINUOSE
Sin"u*ose`, a.

Defn: Sinuous. Loudon.

SINUOSITY
Sin`u*os"i*ty, n.; pl. Sinuosities. Etym: [Cf. F. sinuosité.]

1. Quality or state of being sinuous.

2. A bend, or a series of bends and turns; a winding, or a series of
windings; a wave line; a curve.
A line of coast certainly amounting, with its sinuosities, to more
than 700 miles. Sydney Smith.

SINUOUS
Sin"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. sinuosus, fr. sinus a bent surface, a curve:
cf. F. sinueux. See Sinus.]

Defn: Bending in and out; of a serpentine or undulating form;
winding; crooked.
 -- Sin"u*ous*ly, adv.
Streaking the ground with sinuous trace. Milton.
Gardens bright with sinuous rills. Coleridge.

SINUPALLIATE
Si`nu*pal"li*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a pallial sinus. See under Sinus.

SINUS
Si"nus, n.; pl. L. Sinus, E. Sinuses. Etym: [L., a bent surface, a
curve, the folds or bosom of a garment, etc., a bay. Cf. Sine, n.]

1. An opening; a hollow; a bending.

2. A bay of the sea; a recess in the shore.

3. (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: A cavity; a depression. Specifically:
(a) A cavity in a bone or other part, either closed or with a narrow
opening.
(b) A dilated vessel or canal.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A narrow, elongated cavity, in which pus is collected; an
elongated abscess with only a small orifice.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: A depression between adjoining lobes.

Note: A sinus may be rounded, as in the leaf of the white oak, or
acute, as in that of the red maple. Pallial sinus. (Zoöl.) See under
Pallial.
 -- Sinus venosus. Etym: [L., venous dilatation.] (Anat.) (a) The
main part of the cavity of the right auricle of the heart in the
higher vertebrates. (b) In the lower vertebrates, a distinct chamber
of the heart formed by the union of the large systematic veins and
opening into the auricle.

SINUSOID
Si"nus*oid, n. Etym: [Sinus + -oid.] (Geom.)

Defn: The curve whose ordinates are proportional to the sines of the
abscissas, the equation of the curve being y = a sin x. It is also
called the curve of sines.

SINUSOIDAL
Si`nus*oid"al, a. (Geom.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a sinusoid; like a sinusoid.

SIOGOON
Sio"goon, n.

Defn: See Shogun.

SIOGOONATE
Sio*goon"ate, n.

Defn: See Shogunate.

SIOUX
Sioux, n. sing. & pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: See Dakotas.

SIOUX STATE
Sioux State.

Defn: North Dakota; -- a nickname.

SIP
Sip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Sipping.] Etym: [OE.
sippen; akin to OD. sippen, and AS. s to sip, suck up, drink. See
Sup, v. t.]

1. To drink or imbibe in small quantities; especially, to take in
with the lips in small quantities, as a liquid; as, to sip tea.
"Every herb that sips the dew." Milton.

2. To draw into the mouth; to suck up; as, a bee sips nectar from the
flowers.

3. To taste the liquor of; to drink out of. [Poetic]
They skim the floods, and sip the purple flowers. Dryden.

SIP
Sip, v. i.

Defn: To drink a small quantity; to take a fluid with the lips; to
take a sip or sips of something.
[She] raised it to her mouth with sober grace; Then, sipping, offered
to the next in place. Dryden.

SIP
Sip, n.

1. The act of sipping; the taking of a liquid with the lips.

2. A small draught taken with the lips; a slight taste.
One sip of this Will bathe the drooping spirits in delight Beyond the
bliss of dreams. Milton.
A sip is all that the public ever care to take from reservoirs of
abstract philosophy. De Quincey.

SIPAGE
Sip"age, n.

Defn: See Seepage. [Scot. & U.S.]

SIPE
Sipe, v. i.

Defn: See Seep. [Scot. & U.S.]

SIPHILIS
Siph"i*lis, n. (Med.)

Defn: Syphilis.

SIPHOID
Si"phoid, n. Etym: [L. sipho a siphon + -oid: cf. F. vase siphoïde.]

Defn: A siphon bottle. See under Siphon, n.

SIPHON
Si"phon, n. Etym: [F. siphon, L. sipho, -onis, fr. Gr.

1. A device, consisting of a pipe or tube bent so as to form two
branches or legs of unequal length, by which a liquid can be
transferred to a lower level, as from one vessel to another, over an
intermediate elevation, by the action of the pressure of the
atmosphere in forcing the liquid up the shorter branch of the pipe
immersed in it, while the continued excess of weight of the liquid in
the longer branch (when once filled) causes a continuous flow. The
flow takes place only when the discharging extremity of the pipe ia
lower than the higher liquid surface, and when no part of the pipe is
higher above the surface than the same liquid will rise by
atmospheric pressure; that is, about 33 feet for water, and 30 inches
for mercury, near the sea level.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the tubes or folds of the mantle border of a bivalve or
gastropod mollusk by which water is conducted into the gill cavity.
See Illust. under Mya, and Lamellibranchiata.
(b) The anterior prolongation of the margin of any gastropod shell
for the protection of the soft siphon.
(c) The tubular organ through which water is ejected from the gill
cavity of a cephaloid. It serves as a locomotive organ, by guiding
and confining the jet of water. Called also siphuncle. See Illust.
under Loligo, and Dibranchiata.
(d) The siphuncle of a cephalopod shell.
(e) The sucking proboscis of certain parasitic insects and
crustaceans.
(f) A sproutlike prolongation in front of the mouth of many
gephyreans.
(g) A tubular organ connected both with the esophagus and the
intestine of certain sea urchins and annelids.

3. A siphon bottle. Inverted siphon, a tube bent like a siphon, but
having the branches turned upward; specifically (Hydraulic
Engineering), a pipe for conducting water beneath a depressed place,
as from one hill to another across an intervening valley, following
the depression of the ground.
 -- Siphon barometer. See under Barometer.
 -- Siphon bottle, a bottle for holding aërated water, which is
driven out through a bent tube in the neck by the gas within the
bottle when a valve in the tube is opened; -- called also gazogene,
and siphoid.
 -- Siphon condenser, a condenser for a steam engine, in which the
vacuum is maintained by the downward flow of water through a vertical
pipe of great height.
 -- Siphon cup, a cup with a siphon attached for carrying off any
liquid in it; specifically (Mach.), an oil cup in which oil is
carried over the edge of a tube in a cotton wick, and so reaches the
surface to be lubricated.
 -- Siphon gauge. See under Gauge.
 -- Siphon pump, a jet pump. See under Jet, n.

SIPHON
Si"phon, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To convey, or draw off, by means of a siphon, as a liquid from
one vessel to another at a lower level.

SIPHONAGE
Si"phon*age, n.

Defn: The action of a siphon.

SIPHONAL
Si"phon*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a siphon; resembling a siphon. Siphonal
stomach (Zoöl.), a stomach which is tubular and bent back upon
itself, like a siphon, as in the salmon.

SIPHONARID
Si`pho*na"rid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of limpet-shaped pulmonate
gastropods of the genus Siphonaria. They cling to rocks between high
and low water marks and have both lunglike organs and gills.
 -- Si`pho*na"rid, a.

SIPHONATA
Si`pho*na"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of bivalve mollusks in which the posterior mantle
border is prolonged into two tubes or siphons. Called also
Siphoniata. See Siphon, 2 (a), and Quahaug.

SIPHONATE
Si"phon*ate, a.

1. Having a siphon or siphons.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Siphonata.

SIPHONET
Si"phon*et, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the two dorsal tubular organs on the hinder part of the
abdomen of aphids. They give exit to the honeydew. See Illust. under
Aphis.

SIPHONIA
Si*pho"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A former name for a euphorbiaceous genus (Hevea) of South
American trees, the principal source of caoutchouc.

SIPHONIATA
Si*pho`ni*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Siphonata.

SIPHONIC
Si*phon"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a siphon.

SIPHONIFER
Si*phon"i*fer, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sipho, -onis, siphon + ferre to
bear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any cephalopod having a siphonate shell.

SIPHONIFEROUS
Si"phon*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Siphon + -ferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Siphon-bearing, as the shell of the nautilus and other
cephalopods.

SIPHONIUM
Si*pho"ni*um, n.; pl. Siphonia. Etym: [NL., from Gr. Siphon.] (Anat.)

Defn: A bony tube which, in some birds, connects the tympanium with
the air chambers of the articular piece of the mandible.

SIPHONOBRANCHIATA
Si`pho*no*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Siphon, and Branchia.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of gastropods having the mantle border, on one or both
sides, prolonged in the form of a spout through which water enters
the gill cavity. The shell itself is not always siphonostomatous in
this group.

SIPHONOBRANCHIATE
Si`pho*no*bran"chi*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a siphon, or siphons, to convey water to the gills;
belonging or pertaining to the Siphonobranchiata.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Siphonobranchiata.

SIPHONOGLYPHE
Si`pho*nog"ly*phe, n. Etym: [Siphon + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gonidium.

SIPHONOPHORA
Si`pho*noph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of pelagic Hydrozoa including species which form
complex free-swimming communities composed of numerous zooids of
various kinds, some of which act as floats or as swimming organs,
others as feeding or nutritive zooids, and others as reproductive
zooids. See Illust. under Physallia, and Porpita.

SIPHONOPHORAN
Si`pho*noph"o*ran, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Siphonophora.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Siphonophora.

SIPHONOPHORE
Si*phon"o*phore, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Siphonophora.

SIPHONOPODA
Si`pho*nop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Siphon, and -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Scaphopoda including those in which the foot
terminates in a circular disk.

SIPHONOSTOMATA
Si`pho*no*stom"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Siphon, and Stoma.]
(Zoöl.)
(a) A tribe of parasitic copepod Crustacea including a large number
of species that are parasites of fishes, as the lerneans. They have a
mouth adapted to suck blood.
(b) An artificial division of gastropods including those that have
siphonostomatous shells.

SIPHONOSTOMATOUS
Si`pho*no*stom"a*tous, a. (Zoöl.)
(a) Having the front edge of the aperture of the shell prolonged in
the shape of a channel for the protection of the siphon; -- said of
certain gastropods.
(b) Pertaining to the Siphonostomata.

SIPHONOSTOME
Si`pho*nos"tome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any parasitic entomostracan of the tribe Siphonostomata.
(b) A siphonostomatous shell.

SIPHORHINAL
Si`pho*rhi"nal, a. Etym: [Siphon + rhinal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having tubular nostrils, as the petrels.

SIPHORHINIAN
Si`pho*rhin"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A siphorhinal bird.

SIPHUNCLE
Si"phun`cle, n. Etym: [L. siphunculus, sipunculus, dim. of sipho. See
Siphon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tube which runs through the partitions of chambered
cephalopod shells.

SIPHUNCLED
Si"phun`cled, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a siphuncle; siphunculated.

SIPHUNCULAR
Si*phun"cu*lar, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the siphuncle.

SIPHUNCULATED
Si*phun"cu*la`ted, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a siphuncle. Huxley.

SIPID
Sip"id, a. Etym: [See Insipid, Sapid.]

Defn: Having a taste or flavorl savory; sapid. [Obs.] Cockeram.

SIPPER
Sip"per, n.

Defn: One whi sips.

SIPPET
Sip"pet, n. Etym: [See Sip, Sop.]

Defn: A small sop; a small, thin piece of toasted bread soaked in
milk, broth, or the like; a small piece of toasted or fried bread cut
into some special shape and used for garnishing.
Your sweet sippets in widows' houses. Milton.

SIPPLE
Sip"ple, v. i. Etym: [Freq. of sip.]

Defn: To sip often. [Obs. or Scot.]

SIPPLING
Sip"pling, a.

Defn: Sipping often. [Obs.] "Taken after a sippling sort." Holland.

SIPUNCULACEA
Si*pun`cu*la"ce*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Sipunculus, the typical
genus. See Siphuncle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Gephyrea, including those which have the body
unarmed and the intestine opening anteriorly.

SIPUNCULOID
Si*pun"cu*loid, a. Etym: [NL. Sipunculus, the typical genus + -oid.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Sipunculoidea.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Sipunculoidea.

SIPUNCULOIDEA
Si*pun`cu*loi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)
(a) Same as Gephyrea.
(b) In a restricted sense, same as Sipunculacea.

SI QUIS
Si` quis". Etym: [L., if any one (the first words of the notice in
Latin).] (Ch. of Eng.)

Defn: A notification by a candidate for orders of his intention to
inquire whether any impediment may be alleged against him.

SIR
Sir, n. Etym: [OE. sire, F. sire, contr. from the nominative L.
senior an elder, elderly person, compar. of senex,senis, an aged
person; akin to Gr. sana, Goth. sineigs old, sinista eldest, Ir. &
Gael. sean old, W. hen. Cf. Seignior, Senate, Seneschal, Senior,
Senor, Signor, Sire, Sirrah.]

1. A man of social authority and dignity; a lord; a master; a
gentleman; -- in this sense usually spelled sire. [Obs.]
He was crowned lord and sire. Gower.
In the election of a sir so rare. Shak.

2. A title prefixed to the Christian name of a knight or a baronet.
Sir Horace Vere, his brother, was the principal in the active part.
Bacon.

3. An English rendering of the LAtin Dominus, the academical title of
a bachelor of arts; -- formerly colloquially, and sometimes
contemptuously, applied to the clergy. Nares.
Instead of a faithful and painful teacher, they hire a Sir John,
which hath better skill in playing at tables, or in keeping of a
garden, than in God's word. Latimer.

4. A respectful title, used in addressing a man, without being
prefixed to his name; -- used especially in speaking to elders or
superiors; sometimes, also, used in the way of emphatic formality.
"What's that to you, sir" Sheridan.

Note: Anciently, this title, was often used when a person was
addressed as a man holding a certain office, or following a certain
business. "Sir man of law." "Sir parish priest." Chaucer. Sir
reverance. See under Reverence, n.

SIRASKIER
Si*ras"kier, n.

Defn: See Seraskier.

SIRASKIERATE
Si*ras"kier*ate, n.

Defn: See Seraskierate.

SIRBONIAN
Sir*bo"ni*an, a.

Defn: See Serbonian.

SIRCAR
Sir*car", n. Etym: [Hind. & Per. sarkar a superintendant, overseer,
chief; Per. sar the head + kar action, work.]

1. A Hindoo clerk or accountant. [India]

2. A district or province; a circar. [India]

3. The government; the supreme authority of the state. [India]

SIRDAR
Sir*dar", n Etym: [Hind. & Per. sardar a chief, general; sar the
head, top + dar holding, possessing.]

Defn: A native chief in Hindostan; a headman. Malcom.

SIRE
Sire, n. Etym: [F. sire, originally, an older person. See Sir.]

1. A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [Obs.]
Pain and distress, sickness and ire, And melancholy that angry sire,
Be of her palace senators. Rom. of R.

2. A tittle of respect formerly used in speaking to elders and
superiors, but now only in addressing a sovereign.

3. A father; the head of a family; the husband.
Jankin thet was our sire [i.e., husband]. Chaucer.
And raise his issue, like a loving sire. Shak.

4. A creator; a maker; an author; an originator.
[He] was the sire of an immortal strain. Shelley.

5. The male parent of a beast; -- applied especially to horses; as,
the horse had a good sire.

Note: Sire is often used in composition; as in grandsire,
grandfather; great-grandsire, great-grandfather.

SIRE
Sire, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sired; p. pr. & vb. n. Siring.]

Defn: To beget; to procreate; -- used of beasts, and especially of
stallions.

SIREDON
Si*re"don, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larval form of any salamander while it still has external
gills; especially, one of those which, like the axolotl (Amblystoma
Mexicanum), sometimes lay eggs while in this larval state, but which
under more favorable conditions lose their gills and become normal
salamanders. See also Axolotl.

SIREN
Si"ren, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. sirène.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: One of three sea nymphs, -- or, according to some writers, of
two, -- said to frequent an island near the coast of Italy, and to
sing with such sweetness that they lured mariners to destruction.
Next where the sirens dwell you plow the seas; Their song is death,
and makes destruction please. Pope.

2. An enticing, dangerous woman. Shak.

3. Something which is insidious or deceptive.
Consumption is a siren. W. Irving.

4. A mermaid. [Obs.] Shak.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any long, slender amphibian of the genus Siren or family
Sirenidæ, destitute of hind legs and pelvis, and having permanent
external gills as well as lungs. They inhabit the swamps, lagoons,
and ditches of the Southern United States. The more common species
(Siren lacertina) is dull lead-gray in color, and becames two feet
long.

6. Etym: [F. sirène, properly, a siren in sense 1.] (Acoustics)

Defn: An instrument for producing musical tones and for ascertaining
the number of sound waves or vibrations per second which produce a
note of a given pitch. The sounds are produced by a perforated
rotating disk or disks. A form with two disks operated by steam or
highly compressed air is used sounding an alarm to vessels in fog.
[Written also sirene, and syren.]

SIREN
Si"ren, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a siren; bewitching, like a siren;
fascinating; alluring; as, a siren song.

SIRENE
Si*rene", n.

Defn: See Siren, 6.

SIRENIA
Si*re"ni*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of large aquatic herbivorous mammals, including the
manatee, dugong, rytina, and several fossil genera.

Note: The hind limbs are either rudimentary or wanting, and the front
ones are changed to paddles. They have horny plates on the front part
of the jaws, and usually flat-crowned molar teeth. The stomach is
complex and the intestine long, as in other herbivorous mammals. See
Cetacea (b).

SIRENIAN
Si*re"ni*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Sirenia.

SIRENICAL
Si*ren"ic*al, a.

Defn: Like, or appropriate to, a siren; fascinating; deceptive.
Here's couple of sirenical rascals shall enchant ye. Marton.

SIRENIZE
Si"ren*ize, v. i.

Defn: To use the enticements of a siren; to act as a siren; to
fascinate.

SIRIASIS
Si*ri"a*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)
(a) A sunstroke.
(b) The act of exposing to a sun bath. [Obs.] Cf. Insolation.

SIRIUS
Sir"i*us, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: The Dog Star. See Dog Star.

SIRKEER
Sir"keer, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of Asiatic cuckoos of the genus
Taccocua, as the Bengal sirkeer (T. sirkee).

SIRLOIN
Sir"loin`, n. Etym: [A corruption of surloin. Not so called because
this cut of beaf was once jocosely knighted (dubbed Sir Loin) by an
English king, as according to a popular story.]

Defn: A loin of beef, or a part of a loin. [Written also surloin.]

SIRNAME
Sir"name`, n.

Defn: See Surname.

SIROC
Si"roc, n.

Defn: See Sirocco. [Poetic] Emerson.

SIROCCO
Si*roc"co, n.; pl. Siroccos(). Etym: [It. sirocco, scirocco, Ar.
shorug, fr. sharq the rising of the sun, the east, fr, sharaca to
rise as the sun. Cf. Saracen.]

Defn: An oppressive, relaxing wind from the Libyan deserts, chiefly
experienced in Italy, Malta, and Sicily.

SIRRAH
Sir"rah, n. Etym: [Probably from Icel. sira, fr. F. sire. See Sir.]

Defn: A term of address implying inferiority and used in anger,
contempt, reproach, or disrespectful familiarity, addressed to a man
or boy, but sometimes to a woman. In sililoquies often preceded by
ah. Not used in the plural. "Ah, sirrah mistress." Beau & Fl.
Go, sirrah, to my cell. Shak.

SIRT
Sirt, n. Etym: [See Syrt.]

Defn: A quicksand. [Obs.]

SIRUP; SYRUP
Sir"up Syr"up, n. Etym: [F. sirop (cf. It. siroppo, Sp. jarabe,
jarope, LL. siruppus, syrupus), fr. Ar. sharab a drink, wine, coffee,
sirup. Cf. Sherbet.]

1. A thick and viscid liquid made from the juice of fruits, herbs,
etc., boiled with sugar.

2. A thick and viscid saccharine solution of superior quality (as
sugarhouse sirup or molasses, maple sirup); specifically, in pharmacy
and often in cookery, a saturated solution of sugar and water (simple
sirup), or such a solution flavored or medicated.
Lucent sirups tinct with cinnamon. Keats.
Mixing sirup. See the Note under Dextrose.

SIRUPED; SYRUPED
Sir"uped, Syr"uped, a.

Defn: Moistened, covered, or sweetened with sirup, or sweet juice.

SIRUPY; SYRUPY
Sir"up*y, Syr"up*y, a.

Defn: Like sirup, or partaking of its qualities. Mortimer.

SIRVENTE
Sir`vente", n. Etym: [F. sirvente, fr. Pr. sirventes, sirventesc,
originally, the poem of, or concerning, a sirvent, fr. sirvent,
properly, serving, n., one who serves (e. g., as a soldier), fr.
servir to serve, L. servire.]

Defn: A peculiar species of poetry, for the most part devoted to
moral and religious topics, and commonly satirical, -- often used by
the troubadours of the Middle Ages.

SIS
Sis, n.

Defn: A colloquial abbreviation of Sister.

SIS
Sis, n.

Defn: Six. See Sise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SISAL GRASS; SISAL HEMP
Si*sal" grass`, Si*sal" hemp`,

Defn: The prepared fiber of the Agave Americana, or American aloe,
used for cordage; -- so called from Sisal, a port in Yucatan. See
Sisal hemp, under Hemp.

SISCOWET
Sis"co*wet, n. Etym: [OF American Indian origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, fat variety of the namaycusa found in Lake Superior; -
- called also siskawet, siskiwit.

SISE
Sise, n. Etym: [From Assize.]

Defn: An assize. [Obs.]

SISE
Sise, n. Etym: [See Sice.]

Defn: Six; the highest number on a die; the cast of six in throwing
dice.
In the new casting of a die, when ace is on the top, sise must needs
be at the bottom. Fuller.

SISEL
Sis"el, n. Etym: [Cf. G. ziesel. Cf. Zizel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The suslik.

SISER
Si"ser, n.

Defn: Cider. See Sicer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SISERARA; SISERARY
Sis"e*ra*ra, Sis"e*ra*ry, n.

Defn: A hard blow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

SISKIN
Sis"kin, n. Etym: [Dan. sisgen; cf. Sw. siska, G. zeisig, D. sijsje;
of Slav. origin; cf. Pol. czy.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A small green and yellow European finch (Spinus spinus, or
Carduelis spinus); -- called also aberdevine.
(b) The American pinefinch (S. pinus); -- called also pine siskin.
See Pinefinch.

Note: The name is applied also to several other related species found
in Asia and South America. Siskin green, a delicate shade of
yellowish green, as in the mineral torbernite.

SISKIWIT
Sis"ki*wit, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The siscowet.

SISMOGRAPH
Sis"mo*graph, n.

Defn: See Seismograph.

SISMOMETER
Sis*mom"e*ter, n.

Defn: See Seismometer.

SISS
Siss, v. i. Etym: [Of imitative origin; cf. D. sissen, G. zischen.]

Defn: To make a hissing sound; as, a flatiron hot enough to siss when
touched with a wet finger. [Colloq. U. S.; Local, Eng.]

SISS
Siss, n.

Defn: A hissing noise. [Colloq. U. S.]

SISSOO
Sis*soo", n. Etym: [Hind. sis.] (Bot.)

Defn: A leguminous tree (Dalbergia Sissoo) of the northern parts of
India; also, the dark brown compact and durable timber obtained from
it. It is used in shipbuilding and for gun carriages, railway ties,
etc.

SIST
Sist, v. t. Etym: [L. sistere to bring to a stand, to stop.]

1. (Scots Law)

Defn: To stay, as judicial proceedings; to delay or suspend; to stop.

2. To cause to take a place, as at the bar of a court; hence, to
cite; to summon; to bring into court. [Scot.]
Some, however, have preposterously sisted nature as the first or
generative principle. Sir W. Hamilton.

SIST
Sist, n. (Scots Law)

Defn: A stay or suspension of proceedings; an order for a stay of
proceedings. Burril.

SISTER
Sis"ter, n. Etym: [OE. sister, fr. Icel. systir; also suster, from
AS. sweostor, sweoster, swuster, akin to OFries. sweester, suster,
LG. süster, suster, D. zuster, OS. & OHG. swestar, G. schwester,
Icel. systir, Sw. syster, Dan. söster, Goth. swistar, Lith. ses,
Russ. sestra, Pol. siostra, L. soror, Skr. svasr. sq. root298. Cf.
Cousin.]

1. A female who has the same parents with another person, or who has
one of them only. In the latter case, she is more definitely called a
half sister. The correlative of brother.
I am the sister of one Claudio. Shak.

2. A woman who is closely allied to, or assocciated with, another
person, as in the sdame faith, society, order, or community. James
ii. 15.

3. One of the same kind, or of the same condition; -- generally used
adjectively; as, sister fruits. Pope. Sister Block (Naut.), a tackle
block having two sheaves, one above the other.
 -- Sister hooks, a pair of hooks fitted together, the shank of one
forming a mousing for the other; -- called also match hook.
 -- Sister of charity, Sister of mercy. (R. C. Ch.) See under
Charity, and Mercy.

SISTER
Sis"ter, v. t.

Defn: To be sister to; to resemble closely. [Obs.] Shak.

SISTERHOOD
Sis"ter*hood, n. Etym: [Sister + hood.]

1. The state or relation of being a sister; the office or duty of a
sister.
She . . . abhorr'd Her proper blood, and left to do the part Of
sisterhood, to do that of a wife. Daniel.

2. A society of sisters; a society of women united in one faith or
order; sisters, collectively. "A sisterhood of holy nuns." Shak.
The fair young flowers . . . a beauteous sisterhood. Bryant.

SISTERING
Sis"ter*ing, a.

Defn: Contiguous. [Obs.] Shak.

SISTER-IN-LAW
Sis"ter-in-law`, n; pl. Sisters-in-law(

Defn: The sister of one's husband or wife; also, the wife of one's
brother; sometimes, the wife of one's husband's or wife's brother.

SISTERLY
Sis"ter*ly, a.

Defn: Like a sister; becoming a sister, affectionate; as, sisterly
kindness; sisterly remorse. Shak.

SISTINE
Sis"tine, a.Etym: [It. sistino.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Pope Sixtus. Sistine chapel, a chapel in
the Vatican at Rome, built by Pope Sixtus IV., and decorated with
frescoes by Michael Angelo and others.

SISTREN
Sis"tren, n. pl.

Defn: Sisters. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SISTRUM
Sis"trum, Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument consisting of a thin metal frame, through which
passed a number of metal rods, and furnished with a handle by which
it was shaken and made to rattle. It was peculiarly Egyptian, and
used especially in the worship of Isis. It is still used in Nubia.

SISYPHEAN
Sis`y*phe"an, a.

Defn: Relating to Sisyphus; incessantly recurring; as, Sisyphean
labors.

SISYPHUS
Sis"y*phus, n. Etym: [L. Sisyphus, Sisyphus, fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A king of Corinth, son of Æolus, famed for his cunning. He was
killed by Theseus, and in the lower world was condemned by Pluto to
roll to the top of a hill a huge stone, which constantly rolled back
again, making his task incessant.

SIT
Sit,

Defn: obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Sit, for sitteth.

SIT
Sit, v. i. [imp. Sat (Sate, archaic); p. p. Sat (Sitten, obs.); p.
pr. & vb. n. Sitting.] Etym: [OE. sitten, AS. sittan; akin to OS.
sittian, OFries. sitta, D. zitten, G. sitzen, OHG. sizzen, Icel.
sitja, SW. sitta, Dan. sidde, Goth. sitan, Russ. sidiete, L. sedere,
Gr. sad. sq. root154. Cf. Assess,Assize, Cathedral, Chair, Dissident,
Excise, Insidious, Possess, Reside, Sanhedrim, Seance, Seat, n.,
Sedate, 4th Sell, Siege, Session, Set, v. t., Sizar, Size, Subsidy.]

1. To rest upon the haunches, or the lower extremity of the trunk of
the body; -- said of human beings, and sometimes of other animals;
as, to sit on a sofa, on a chair, or on the ground.
And he came and took the book put of the right hand of him that sate
upon the seat. Bible (1551) (Rev. v. 7.)
I pray you, jest, sir, as you sit at dinner. Shak.

2. To perch; to rest with the feet drawn up, as birds do on a branch,
pole, etc.

3. To remain in a state of repose; to rest; to abide; to rest in any
position or condition.
And Moses said to . . . the children of Reuben, Shall your brothren
go to war, and shall ye sit here Num. xxxii. 6.
Like a demigod here sit I in the sky. Shak.

4. To lie, rest, or bear; to press or weigh; -- with on; as, a weight
or burden sits lightly upon him.
The calamity sits heavy on us. Jer. Taylor.

5. To be adjusted; to fit; as, a coat sts well or ill.
This new and gorgeous garment, majesty, Sits not so easy on me as you
think. Shak.

6. To suit one well or ill, as an act; to become; to befit; -- used
impersonally. [Obs.] Chaucer.

7. To cover and warm eggs for hatching, as a fowl; to brood; to
incubate.
As the partridge sitteth on eggs, and hatcheth them not. Jer. xvii.
11.

8. To have position, as at the point blown from; to hold a relative
position; to have direction.
Like a good miller that knows how to grind, which way soever the wind
sits. Selden.
Sits the wind in that quarter Sir W. Scott.

9. To occupy a place or seat as a member of an official body; as, to
sit in Congress.

10. To hold a session; to be in session for official business; --
said of legislative assemblies, courts, etc.; as, the court sits in
January; the aldermen sit to-night.

11. To take a position for the purpose of having some artistic
representation of one's self made, as a picture or a bust; as, to sit
to a painter. To sit at, to rest under; to be subject to. [Obs.] "A
farmer can not husband his ground so well if he sit at a great rent".
Bacon.
 -- To sit at meat or at table, to be at table for eating.
 -- To sit down. (a) To place one's self on a chair or other seat;
as, to sit down when tired. (b) To begin a siege; as, the enemy sat
down before the town. (c) To settle; to fix a permanent abode.
Spenser. (d) To rest; to cease as satisfied. "Here we can not sit
down, but still proceed in our search." Rogers.
 -- To sit for a fellowship, to offer one's self for examination with
a view to obtaining a fellowship. [Eng. Univ.] -- To sit out. (a) To
be without engagement or employment. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson. (b) To
outstay.
 -- To sit under, to be under the instruction or ministrations of;
as, to sit under a preacher; to sit under good preaching.
 -- To sit up, to rise from, or refrain from, a recumbent posture or
from sleep; to sit with the body upright; as, to sit up late at
night; also, to watch; as, to sit up with a sick person. "He that was
dead sat up, and began to speak." Luke vii. 15.

SIT
Sit, v. t.

1. To sit upon; to keep one's seat upon; as, he sits a horse well.
Hardly the muse can sit the headstrong horse. Prior.

2. To cause to be seated or in a sitting posture; to furnish a seat
to; -- used reflexively.
They sat them down to weep. Milton.
Sit you down, father; rest you. Shak.

3. To suit (well or ill); to become. [Obs. or R.]

SITE
Site, n. Etym: [L. situs, fr. sinere, situm, to let, p. p. situs
placed, lying, situate: cf. F. site. Cf. Position.]

1. The place where anything is fixed; situation; local position; as,
the site of a city or of a house. Chaucer.

2. A place fitted or chosen for any certain permanent use or
occupation; as, a site for a church.

3. The posture or position of a thing. [R.]
The semblance of a lover fixed In melancholy site. Thomson.

SITED
Sit"ed, a.

Defn: Having a site; situated. [Obs.]
[The garden] sited was in fruitful soil. Chaucer.

SITFAST
Sit"fast`, a. Etym: [Sit + fast.]

Defn: Fixed; stationary; immovable. [R.]
'T is good, when you have crossed the sea and back, To find the
sitfast acres where you left them. Emerson.

SITFAST
Sit"fast`, n. (Far.)

Defn: A callosity with inflamed edges, on the back of a horse, under
the saddle.

SITH
Sith, prep., adv., & conj. Etym: [See Since.]

Defn: Since; afterwards; seeing that. [Obs.]
We need not fear them, sith Christ is with us. Latimer.
Sith thou art rightful judge. Chaucer.

SITH; SITHE
Sith, Sithe, n. Etym: [AS.

Defn: Time. [Obs.] Chaucer.
And humbly thanked him a thousand sithes. Spenser.

SITHE
Sithe, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Sigh.]

Defn: To sigh.

Note: [A spelling of a corrupt and provincial pronunciation.]

SITHE
Sithe, n.

Defn: A scythe. [Obs.] Milton.

SITHE
Sithe, v. t.

Defn: To cut with a scythe; to scythe. [Obs.]

SITHED
Sithed, a.

Defn: Scythed. [Obs.] T. Warton.

SITHEMAN
Sithe"man, n.

Defn: A mower. [Obs.] Marston.

SITHEN
Sith"en, adv. & conj. Etym: [See Since.]

Defn: Since; afterwards. See 1st Sith. [Obs.]
Fortune was first friend and sithen foe. Chaucer.

SITHENCE; SITHENS
Sith"ence, Sith"ens, adv. & conj.

Defn: Since. See Sith, and Sithen. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

SITHTHEN
Sith"then, adv. & conj.

Defn: See Sithen. [Obs.]
Siththen that the world began. Chaucer.

SITOLOGY
Si*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A treatise on the regulation of the diet; dietetics. [Written
also sitiology.]

SITOPHOBIA
Si`to*pho"bi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A version to food; refusal to take nourishment. [Written also
sitiophobia.]

SITTEN
Sit"ten, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Sit, for sat.

SITTER
Sit"ter, n.

1. One who sits; esp., one who sits for a portrait or a bust.

2. A bird that sits or incubates.

SITTINE
Sit"tine, a. Etym: [NL. sitta the nuthatch, from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the family Sittidæ, or nuthatches.

SITTING
Sit"ting, a.

Defn: Being in the state, or the position, of one who, or that which,
sits.

SITTING
Sit"ting, n.

1. The state or act of one who sits; the posture of one who occupies
a seat.

2. A seat, or the space occupied by or allotted for a person, in a
church, theater, etc.; as, the hall has 800 sittings.

3. The act or time of sitting, as to a portrait painter,
photographer, etc.

4. The actual presence or meeting of any body of men in their seats,
clothed with authority to transact business; a session; as, a sitting
of the judges of the King's Bench, or of a commission.
The sitting closed in great agitation. Macaulay.

5. The time during which one sits while doing something, as reading a
book, playing a game, etc.
For the understanding of any one of St. Paul's Epistles I read it all
through at one sitting. Locke.

6. A brooding over eggs for hatching, as by fowls.
The male bird . . . amuses her [the female] with his songs during the
whole time of her sitting. Addison.
Sitting room, an apartment where the members of a family usually sit,
as distinguished from a drawing-room, parlor, chamber, or kitchen.

SITUATE; SITUATED
Sit"u*ate, Sit"u*a`ted, a. Etym: [LL. situatus, from situare to
place, fr. L. situs situation, site. See Site.]

1. Having a site, situation, or location; being in a relative
position; permanently fixed; placed; located; as, a town situated, or
situate, on a hill or on the seashore.

2. Placed; residing.
Pleasure situate in hill and dale. Milton.

Note: Situate is now less used than situated, but both are well
authorized.

SITUATE
Sit"u*ate, v. t.

Defn: To place. [R.] Landor.

SITUATION
Sit`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. situatio: cf. F. situation.]

1. Manner in which an object is placed; location, esp. as related to
something else; position; locality site; as, a house in a pleasant
situation.

2. Position, as regards the conditions and circumstances of the case.
A situation of the greatest ease and tranquillity. Rogers.

3. Relative position; circumstances; temporary state or relation at a
moment of action which excites interest, as of persons in a dramatic
scene.
There's situation for you! there's an heroic group! Sheridan.

4. Permanent position or employment; place; office; as, a situation
in a store; a situation under government.

Syn.
 -- State; position; seat; site; station; post; place; office;
condition; case; plight. See State.

SITUS
Si"tus, n. Etym: [L., situation.] (Bot.)

Defn: The method in which the parts of a plant are arranged; also,
the position of the parts. Henslow.

SITZ BATH
Sitz" bath`. Etym: [G. sitzbad.]

Defn: A tub in which one bathes in a sitting posture; also, a bath so
taken; a hip bath.

SIVA
Si"va, n. Etym: [Skr. Civa, properly, kind, gracious.] (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: One of the triad of Hindoo gods. He is the avenger or
destroyer, and in modern worship symbolizes the reproductive power of
nature.

SIVAN
Si"van, n. Etym: [Heb. sivan.]

Defn: The third month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year; -- supposed
to correspond nearly with our month of June.

SIVATHERIUM
Siv`a*the"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., from E. Siva + Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of very large extinct ruminants found in the Tertiary
formation of India. The snout was prolonged in the form of a
proboscis. The male had four horns, the posterior pair being large
and branched. It was allied to the antelopes, but very much larger
than any exsisting species.

SIVER
Siv"er, v. i.

Defn: To simmer. [Obs.] Holland.

SIVVENS
Siv"vens (, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Sibbens.

SIWIN
Si"win, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Sewen.

SIX
Six, a. Etym: [AS. six, seox, siex; akin to OFries. sex, D. zes, OS.
& OHG. sehs, G. sechs, Icel., Sw., & Dan. sex, Goth. saíhs, Lith.
szeszi, Russ. sheste, Gael. & Ir. se, W. chwech, L. sex, Gr. shesh,
Skr. shash. sq. root304. Cf. Hexagon, Hexameter, Samite, Senary,
Sextant, Sice.]

Defn: One more than five; twice three; as, six yards. Six Nations
(Ethnol.), a confederation of North American Indians formed by the
union of the Tuscaroras and the Five Nations.
 -- Six points circle. (Geom.) See Nine points circle, under Nine.

SIX
Six, n.

1. The number greater by a unit than five; the sum of three and
three; six units or objects.

2. A symbol representing six units, as 6, vi., or VI. To be at six
and seven or at sixes and sevens, to be in disorder. Bacon. Shak.
Swift.

SIXFOLD
Six"fold`, a. Etym: [AS. sixfealand.]

Defn: Six times repeated; six times as much or as many.

SIX-FOOTER
Six"-foot`er, n.

Defn: One who is six feet tall. [Colloq. U.S.]

SIXPENCE
Six"pence, n.; pl. Sixpences (.

Defn: An English silver coin of the value of six pennies; half a
shilling, or about twelve cents.

SIXPENNY
Six"pen`ny, a.

Defn: Of the value of, or costing, sixpence; as, a sixpenny loaf.

SIXSCORE
Six"score`, a. & n. Etym: [Six + score, n.]

Defn: Six times twenty; one hundred and twenty.

SIX-SHOOTER
Six"-shoot`er, n.

Defn: A pistol or other firearm which can be fired six times without
reloading especially, a six-chambered revolver. [Colloq. U.S.]

SIXTEEN
Six"teen`, a. Etym: [AS. sixt, sixt. See Six, and Ten, and cf.
Sixty.]

Defn: Six and ten; consisting of six and ten; fifteen and one more.

SIXTEEN
Six"teen`, n.

1. The number greater by a unit than fifteen; the sum of ten and six;
sixteen units or objects.

2. A symbol representing sixteen units, as 16, or xvi.

SIXTEENMO
Six*teen"mo, n.; pl. Sixteenmos (.

Defn: See Sextodecimo.

SIXTEENTH
Six"teenth`, a. Etym: [From Sixteen: cf. AS. sixteó.]

1. Sixth after the tenth; next in order after the fifteenth.

2. Constituting or being one of sixteen equal parts into which
anything is divided. Sixteenth note (Mus.), the sixteenth part of a
whole note; a semiquaver.

SIXTEENTH
Six"teenth`, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by sixteen; one of sixteen equal
parts of one whole.

2. The next in order after the fifteenth; the sixth after the tenth.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: An interval comprising two octaves and a second. Moore (Encyc.
of Music.)

SIXTH
Sixth, a. Etym: [From Six: cf. AS. sixta, siexta.]

1. First after the fifth; next in order after the fifth.

2. Constituting or being one of six equal parts into which anything
is divided.

SIXTH
Sixth, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by six; one of six equal parts
which form a whole.

2. The next in order after the fifth.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: The interval embracing six diatonic degrees of the scale.

SIXTHLY
Sixth"ly, adv.

Defn: In the sixth place. Bacon.

SIXTIETH
Six"ti*eth, a. Etym: [As. sixtiogoedha, sixtigoedha.]

1. Next in order after the fifty-ninth.

2. Constituting or being one one of sixty equal parts into which
anything is divided.

SIXTIETH
Six"ti*eth, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by sixty; one of sixty equal parts
forming a whole.

2. The next in order after the fifty-ninth; the tenth after the
fiftieth.

SIXTY
Six"ty, a. Etym: [AS. siextig; akin to G. sechzig, Goth. saíhs
tigjus. See Six, Ten, and cf. Sixteen.]

Defn: Six times ten; fifty-nine and one more; threescore.

SIXTY
Six"ty, n.; pl. Sixties (.

1. The sum of six times ten; sixty units or objects.

2. A symbol representing sixty units, as 60, lx., or LX.

SIXTY-FOURTH
Six`ty-fourth", a.

Defn: Constituting or being one of sixty-four equal parts into which
a thing is divided. Sixty-fourth note (Mus.), the sixty-fourth part
of a whole note; a hemi-demi-semiquaver.

SIZABLE
Siz"a*ble, a.

1. Of considerable size or bulk. "A sizable volume." Bp. Hurd.

2. Being of reasonable or suitable size; as, sizable timber; sizable
bulk. Arbuthnot.

SIZAR
Si"zar, n.

Defn: One of a body of students in the universities of Cambridge
(Eng.) and Dublin, who, having passed a certain examination, are
exempted from paying college fees and charges. A sizar corresponded
to a servitor at Oxford.
The sizar paid nothing for food and tuition, and very little for
lodging. Macaulay.

Note: They formerly waited on the table at meals; but this is done
away with. They were probably so called from being thus employed in
distributing the size, or provisions. See 4th Size, 2.

SIZARSHIP
Si"zar*ship, n.

Defn: The position or standing of a sizar.

SIZE
Size, n. Etym: [See Sice, and Sise.]

Defn: Six.

SIZE
Size, n. Etym: [OIt. sisa glue used by painters, shortened fr.
assisa, fr. assidere, p. p. assiso, to make to sit, to seat, to
place, L. assidere to sit down; ad + sidere to sit down, akin to
sedere to sit. See Sit, v. i., and cf. Assize, Size bulk.]

1. A thin, weak glue used in various trades, as in painting,
bookbinding, paper making, etc.

2. Any viscous substance, as gilder's varnish.

SIZE
Size, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sized; p. pr. & vb. n. Sizing.]

Defn: To cover with size; to prepare with size.

SIZE
Size, n. Etym: [Abbrev. from assize. See Assize, and cf. Size glue.]

1. A settled quantity or allowance. See Assize. [Obs.] "To scant my
sizes." Shak.

2. (Univ. of Cambridge, Eng.)

Defn: An allowance of food and drink from the buttery, aside from the
regular dinner at commons; -- corresponding to battel at Oxford.

3. Extent of superficies or volume; bulk; bigness; magnitude; as, the
size of a tree or of a mast; the size of a ship or of a rock.

4. Figurative bulk; condition as to rank, ability, character, etc.;
as, the office demands a man of larger size.
Men of a less size and quality. L'Estrange.
The middling or lower size of people. Swift.

5. A conventional relative measure of dimension, as for shoes,
gloves, and other articles made up for sale.

6. An instrument consisting of a number of perforated gauges fastened
together at one end by a rivet, -- used for ascertaining the size of
pearls. Knight. Size roll, a small piese of parchment added to a
roll.
 -- Size stick, a measuring stick used by shoemakers for ascertaining
the size of the foot.

Syn.
 -- Dimension; bigness; largeness; greatness; magnitude.

SIZE
Size, v. t.

1. To fix the standard of. "To size weights and measures." [R.]
Bacon.

2. To adjust or arrange according to size or bulk. Specifically:
(a) (Mil.) To take the height of men, in order to place them in the
ranks according to their stature.
(b) (Mining) To sift, as pieces of ore or metal, in order to separate
the finer from the coarser parts.

3. To swell; to increase the bulk of. Beau. & Fl.

4. (Mech.)

Defn: To bring or adjust anything exactly to a required dimension, as
by cutting. To size up, to estimate or ascertain the character and
ability of. See 4th Size, 4. [Slang, U.S.]
We had to size up our fellow legislators. The Century.

SIZE
Size, v. i.

1. To take greater size; to increase in size.
Our desires give them fashion, and so, As they wax lesser, fall, as
they size, grow. Donne.

2. (Univ. of Cambridge, Eng.)

Defn: To order food or drink from the buttery; hence, to enter a
score, as upon the buttery book.

SIZED
Sized, a.

1. Adjusted according to size.

2. Having a particular size or magnitude; -- chiefly used in
compounds; as, large-sized; common-sized.

SIZEL
Si"zel, n.

Defn: Same as Scissel, 2.

SIZER
Siz"er, n.

1. See Sizar.

2. (Mech.)
(a) An instrument or contrivance to size articles, or to determine
their size by a standard, or to separate and distribute them
according to size.
(b) An instrument or tool for bringing anything to an exact size.

SIZINESS
Siz"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sizy; viscousness.

SIZING
Siz"ing, n.

1. Act of covering or treating with size.

2. A weak glue used in various trades; size.

SIZING
Siz"ing, n.

1. The act of sorting with respect to size.

2. The act of bringing anything to a certain size.

3. (Univ. of Cambridge, Eng.)

Defn: Food and drink ordered from the buttery by a student.

SIZY
Siz"y, a. Etym: [From 2d Size.]

Defn: Sizelike; viscous; glutinous; as, sizy blood. Arbuthnot.

SIZZLE
Siz"zle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sizzled; p. pr. & vb. n. Sizzling.]
Etym: [See Siss.]

Defn: To make a hissing sound; to fry, or to dry and shrivel up, with
a hissing sound. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.] Forby.

SIZZLE
Siz"zle, n.

Defn: A hissing sound, as of something frying over a fire. [Prov.
Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]

SIZZLING
Siz"zling, a. & n.

Defn: from Sizzle.

SKADDLE
Skad"dle, n. Etym: [Dim. of scath.]

Defn: Hurt; damage. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ray.

SKADDLE
Skad"dle, a.

Defn: Hurtful. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ray.

SKADDON
Skad"don, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of a bee. [Prov. Eng.]

SKAG
Skag, n. (Naut.)

Defn: An additional piece fastened to the keel of a boat to prevent
lateral motion. See Skeg.

SKAIN
Skain, n.

Defn: See Skein. [Obs.]

SKAIN
Skain, n.

Defn: See Skean. Drayton.

SKAINSMATE
Skains"mate`, n. Etym: [Perhaps originally, a companion in winding
thread (see Skein), or a companion in arms, from skain a sword (see
Skean).]

Defn: A messmate; a companion. [Obs.]
Scurvy knave! I am none of his firt-gills; I am none of his
skainsmates. Shak.

SKAITH
Skaith, n.

Defn: See Scatch. [Scot.]

SKALD
Skald, n.

Defn: See 5th Scald.

SKALDIC
Skald"ic, a.

Defn: See Scaldic. Max Müller.

SKALL
Skall, v. t.

Defn: To scale; to mount. [Obs.]

SKAR; SKARE
Skar, Skare, a. Etym: [From the root of scare.]

Defn: Wild; timid; shy. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

SKART
Skart, n. Etym: [Cf. Scarf a cormorant.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The shag. [Prov. Eng.]

SKAT
Skat (skät), n. [G., fr. It. scartare to discard.]

1. A three-handed card game played with 32 cards, of which  two
constitute the skat (sense 2), or widow. The players bid for the
privilege of attempting any of several games or tasks, in most of
which the player undertaking the game must take tricks counting in
aggregate at least 61 (the counting cards being ace 11, ten 10, king
4, queen 3, jack 2). The four jacks are the best trumps, ranking
club, spade, heart, diamond, and ten outranks king or queen (but when
the player undertakes to lose all the tricks, the cards rank as in
whist). The value of hands depends upon the game played, trump suit,
points taken, and number of matadores.

2.  (Skat) A widow of two cards.

SKATE
Skate, n. Etym: [D. schaats. Cf. Scatches.]

Defn: A metallic runner with a frame shaped to fit the sole of a
shoe, -- made to be fastened under the foot, and used for moving
rapidly on ice.
Batavia rushes forth; and as they sweep, On sounding skates, a
thousand different ways, In circling poise, swift as the winds,
along, The then gay land is maddended all to joy. Thomson.
Roller skate. See under Roller.

SKATE
Skate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Skated; p. pr. & vb. n. Skating.]

Defn: To move on skates.

SKATE
Skate, n. Etym: [Icel. skata; cf. Prov. G. schatten, meer-schatten,
L. squatus, squatina, and E. shad.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of large, flat elasmobranch fishes
of the genus Raia, having a long, slender tail, terminated by a small
caudal fin. The pectoral fins, which are large and broad and united
to the sides of the body and head, give a somewhat rhombic form to
these fishes. The skin is more or less spinose.

Note: Some of the species are used for food, as the European blue or
gray skate (Raia batis), which sometimes weighs nearly 200 pounds.
The American smooth, or barn-door, skate (R. lævis) is also a large
species, often becoming three or four feet across. The common spiny
skate (R. erinacea) is much smaller. Skate's egg. See Sea purse.
 -- Skate sucker, any marine leech of the genus Pontobdella,
parasitic on skates.

SKATER
Skat"er, n.

1. One who skates.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of hemipterous insects belonging to
Gerris, Pyrrhocoris, Prostemma, and allied genera. They have long
legs, and run rapidly over the surface of the water, as if skating.

SKATOL
Ska"tol, n. Etym: [Gr. -ol.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A constituent of human fæces formed in the small intestines as
a product of the putrefaction of albuminous matter. It is also found
in reduced indigo. Chemically it is methyl indol, C9H9N.

SKAYLES
Skayles, n.

Defn: [sq. root159.] Skittles. [Obs.]

SKEAN
Skean, n. Etym: [Ir sgian; akin to Gael. sgian, W. ysgien a large
knife, a scimiter.]

Defn: A knife or short dagger, esp. that in use among the Highlanders
of Scotland. [Variously spelt.] "His skean, or pistol." Spenser.

SKEDADDLE
Ske*dad"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Skedaddled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Skedaddling.] Etym: [Of uncertain etymology.]

Defn: To betake one's self to flight, as if in a panic; to flee; to
run away. [Slang, U. S.]

SKEE
Skee, n. Etym: [Dan. ski; Icel. ski a billet of wood. See Skid.]

Defn: A long strip of wood, curved upwards in front, used on the foot
for sliding.

SKEED
Skeed, n.

Defn: See Skid.

SKEEL
Skeel, n. Etym: [Icel. skj a pail, bucket.]

Defn: A shallow wooden vessel for holding milk or cream. [Prov. Eng.
& Scot.] Grose.

SKEELDUCK; SKEELGOOSE
Skeel"duck`, Skeel"goose`, n. Etym: [See Sheldrake.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common European sheldrake. [Prov. Eng.]

SKEET
Skeet, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.)

Defn: A scoop with a long handle, used to wash the sides of a vessel,
and formerly to wet the sails or deck.

SKEG
Skeg, n. Etym: [Prov. E., also a stump of a branch, a wooden peg; cf.
Icel. sk a wood, Sw. skog. Cf. Shaw.]

1. A sort of wild plum. [Obs.] Holland.

2. pl.

Defn: A kind of oats. Farm. Encyc.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The after part of the keel of a vessel, to which the rudder is
attached.

SKEGGER
Skeg"ger, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The parr. Walton.

SKEIN
Skein, n. Etym: [OE. skeyne, OF. escaigne, F. écagne, probably of
Celtic origin; cf. Ir. sgainne, Gael. sgeinnidh thread, small twine;
or perhaps the English word is immediately from Celtic.]

1. A quantity of yarn, thread, or the like, put up together, after it
is taken from the reel, -- usually tied in a sort of knot.

Note: A skein of cotton yarn is formed by eighty turns of the thread
round a fifty-four inch reel.

2. (Wagon Making)

Defn: A metallic strengthening band or thimble on the wooden arm of
an axle. Knight.

SKEIN
Skein, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flight of wild fowl (wild geese or the like). [Prov. Eng.]

SKEINE
Skeine, n.

Defn: See Skean.

SKELDER
Skel"der, v. t. & i. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: To deceive; to cheat; to trick. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SKELDER
Skel"der, n.

Defn: A vagrant; a cheat. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SKELDRAKE; SKIELDRAKE
Skel"drake`, or Skiel"drake`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The common European sheldrake.
(b) The oyster catcher.

SKELET
Skel"et, n.

Defn: A skeleton. See Scelet.

SKELETAL
Skel"e*tal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the skeleton.

SKELETOGENOUS
Skel`e*tog"e*nous, a. Etym: [Skeleton + -genous.]

Defn: Forming or producing parts of the skeleton.

SKELETOLOGY
Skel`e*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Skeleton + -logy.]

Defn: That part of anatomy which treats of the skeleton; also, a
treatise on the skeleton.

SKELETON
Skel"e*ton, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.)
(a) The bony and cartilaginous framework which supports the soft
parts of a vertebrate animal.

Note: [See Illust. of the Human Skeleton, in Appendix.]
(b) The more or less firm or hardened framework of an invertebrate
animal.

Note: In a wider sense, the skeleton includes the whole connective-
tissue framework with the integument and its appendages. See
Endoskeleton, and Exoskeleton.

2. Hence, figuratively:
(a) A very thin or lean person.
(b) The framework of anything; the principal parts that support the
rest, but without the appendages.
The great skeleton of the world. Sir M. Hale.

(c) The heads and outline of a literary production, especially of a
sermon.

SKELETON
Skel"e*ton, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or resembling, a skeleton; consisting merely of
the framework or outlines; having only certain leading features of
anything; as, a skeleton sermon; a skeleton crystal. Skeleton bill, a
bill or draft made out in blank as to the amount or payee, but signed
by the acceptor. [Eng.] -- Skeleton key, a key with nearly the whole
substance of the web filed away, to adapt it to avoid the wards of a
lock; a master key; -- used for opening locks to which it has not
been especially fitted.
 -- Skeleton leaf, a leaf from which the pulpy part has been removed
by chemical means, the fibrous part alone remaining.
 -- Skeleton proof, a proof of a print or engraving, with the
inscription outlined in hair strokes only, such proofs being taken
before the engraving is finished.
 -- Skeleton regiment, a regiment which has its complement of
officers, but in which there are few enlisted men.
 -- Skeleton shrimp (Zoöl.), a small crustacean of the genus
Caprella. See Illust. under Læmodipoda.

SKELETONIZE
Skel"e*ton*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Skeletonized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Skeletonizing.]

Defn: To prepare a skeleton of; also, to reduce, as a leaf, to its
skeleton. Pop. Sci. Monthly.

SKELETONIZER
Skel"e*ton*i`zer, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small moth whose larva eats the parenchyma of leaves,
leaving the skeleton; as, the apple-leaf skeletonizer.

SKELLUM
Skel"lum, n. Etym: [Dan. schelm, fr. G. schelm.]

Defn: A scoundrel. [Obs. or Scot.] Pepys. Burns.

SKELLY
Skel"ly, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Dan. skele, Sw. skela.]

Defn: To squint. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

SKELLY
Skel"ly, n.

Defn: A squint. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

SKELP
Skelp, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. skelp to kick severely, to move
rapidly; Gael. sgealp, n., a slap with the palm of the hand, v., to
strike with the palm of the hand.]

1. A blow; a smart stroke. [Prov. Eng.] Brockett.

2. A squall; also, a heavy fall of rain. [Scot.]

SKELP
Skelp, v. t.

Defn: To strike; to slap. [Scot.] C. Reade.

SKELP
Skelp, n.

Defn: A wrought-iron plate from which a gun barrel or pipe is made by
bending and welding the edges together, and drawing the thick tube
thus formed.

SKELTER
Skel"ter, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Helter-skelter.]

Defn: To run off helter-skelter; to hurry; to scurry; -- with away or
off. [Colloq.] A. R. Wallace.

SKEN
Sken, v. i.

Defn: To squint. [Prov. Eng.]

SKENE
Skene, n.

Defn: See Skean. C. Kingsley.

SKEP
Skep, n. Etym: [Icel. skeppa a measure, bushel; cf. Gael. sgeap a
basket, a beehive.]

1. A coarse round farm basket. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Tusser.

2. A beehive. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

SKEPTIC
Skep"tic, n. Etym: [Gr. skeptiko`s thoughtful, reflective, fr.
ske`ptesqai to look carefully or about, to view, consider: cf. L.
scepticus, F. sceptique. See Scope.] [Written also sceptic.]

1. One who is yet undecided as to what is true; one who is looking or
inquiring for what is true; an inquirer after facts or reasons.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: A doubter as to whether any fact or truth can be certainly
known; a universal doubter; a Pyrrhonist; hence, in modern usage,
occasionally, a person who questions whether any truth or fact can be
established on philosophical grounds; sometimes, a critical inquirer,
in opposition to a dogmatist.
All this criticism [of Hume] proceeds upon the erroneous hypothesis
that he was a dogmatist. He was a skeptic; that is, he accepted the
principles asserted by the prevailing dogmatism: and only showed that
such and such conclusions were, on these principles, inevitable. Sir
W. Hamilton.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: A person who doubts the existence and perfections of God, or
the truth of revelation; one who disbelieves the divine origin of the
Christian religion.
Suffer not your faith to be shaken by the sophistries of skeptics. S.
Clarke.

Note: This word and its derivatives are often written with c instead
of k in the first syllable, -- sceptic, sceptical, scepticism, etc.
Dr. Johnson, struck with the extraordinary irregularity of giving c
its hard sound before e, altered the spelling, and his example has
been followed by most of the lexicographers who have succeeded him;
yet the prevalent practice among English writers and printers is in
favor of the other mode. In the United States this practice is
reversed, a large and increasing majority of educated persons
preferring the orthography which is most in accordance with etymology
and analogy.

Syn.
 -- Infidel; unbeliever; doubter.
 -- See Infidel.

SKEPTIC; SKEPTICAL
Skep"tic, Skep"tic*al, a. Etym: [Written also sceptic, sceptical.]

1. Of or pertaining to a sceptic or skepticism; characterized by
skepticism; hesitating to admit the certainly of doctrines or
principles; doubting of everything.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: Doubting or denying the truth of revelation, or the sacred
Scriptures.
The skeptical system subverts the whole foundation of morals. R.
Hall.
-- Skep"tac*al*ly, adv.
 -- Skep"tic*al*ness, n.

SKEPTICISM
Skep"ti*cism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. scepticisme.] [Written also
scepticism.]

1. An undecided, inquiring state of mind; doubt; uncertainty.
That momentary amazement, and irresolution, and confusion, which is
the result of skepticism. Hune.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: The doctrine that no fact or principle can be certainly known;
the tenet that all knowledge is uncertain; Pyrrohonism; universal
doubt; the position that no fact or truth, however worthy of
confidence, can be established on philosophical grounds; critical
investigation or inquiry, as opposed to the positive assumption or
assertion of certain principles.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: A doubting of the truth of revelation, or a denial of the
divine origin of the Christian religion, or of the being,
perfections, or truth of God.
Let no . . . secret skepticism lead any one to doubt whether this
blessed prospect will be realized. S. Miller.

SKEPTICIZE
Skep"ti*cize, v. i.

Defn: To doubt; to pretend to doubt of everything. [R.]
To skepticize, where no one else will . . . hesitate. Shaftesbury.

SKERRY
Sker"ry, n.; pl. Skerries. Etym: [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. sker,
Sw. skär, Dan. ski. Cf. Scar a bank.]

Defn: A rocky isle; an insulated rock. [Scot.]

SKETCH
Sketch, n. Etym: [D. schets, fr. It. schizzo a sketch, a splash
(whence also F. esquisse; cf. Esquisse.); cf. It. schizzare to
splash, to sketch.]

Defn: An outline or general delineation of anything; a first rough or
incomplete draught or plan of any design; especially, in the fine
arts, such a representation of an object or scene as serves the
artist's purpose by recording its chief features; also, a preliminary
study for an original work.

Syn.
 -- Outline; delineation; draught; plan; design.
 -- Sketch, Outline, Delineation. An outline gives only the bounding
lines of some scene or picture. A sketch fills up the outline in
part, giving broad touches, by which an imperfect idea may be
conveyed. A delineation goes further, carrying out the more striking
features of the picture, and going so much into detail as to furnish
a clear conception of the whole. Figuratively, we may speak of the
outlines of a plan, of a work, of a project, etc., which serve as a
basis on which the subordinate parts are formed, or of sketches of
countries, characters, manners, etc., which give us a general idea of
the things described. Crabb.

SKETCH
Sketch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sketched; p. pr. & vb. n. Sketching.]
Etym: [Cf D. schetsen, It. schizzare. See Sketch, n.]

1. To draw the outline or chief features of; to make a rought of.

2. To plan or describe by giving the principal points or ideas of.

Syn.
 -- To delineate; design; draught; depict.

SKETCH
Sketch, v. i.

Defn: To make sketches, as of landscapes.

SKETCHBOOK
Sketch"book`, n.

Defn: A book of sketches or for sketches.

SKETCHER
Sketch"er, n.

Defn: One who sketches.

SKETCHILY
Sketch"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sketchy or incomplete manner. "Sketchily descriptive."
Bartlett.

SKETCHINESS
Sketch"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sketchy; lack of finish;
incompleteness.

SKETCHY
Sketch"y, a.

Defn: Containing only an outline or rough form; being in the manner
of a sketch; incomplete.
The execution is sketchy throughout; the head, in particular, is left
in the rough. J. S. Harford.

SKEW
Skew, adv. Etym: [Cf. D. scheef. Dan. ski, Sw. skef, Icel. skeifr, G.
schief, also E. shy, a. & v. i.]

Defn: Awry; obliquely; askew.

SKEW
Skew, a.

Defn: Turned or twisted to one side; situated obliquely; skewed; --
chiefly used in technical phrases. Skew arch, an oblique arch. See
under Oblique.
 -- Skew back. (Civil Engin.) (a) The course of masonry, the stone,
or the iron plate, having an inclined face, which forms the abutment
for the voussoirs of a segmental arch. (b) A plate, cap, or shoe,
having an inclined face to receive the nut of a diagonal brace, rod,
or the end of an inclined strut, in a truss or frame.
 -- Skew bridge. See under Bridge, n.
 -- Skew curve (Geom.), a curve of double curvature, or a twisted
curve. See Plane curve, under Curve.
 -- Skew gearing, or Skew bevel gearing (Mach.), toothed gearing,
generally resembling bevel gearing, for connecting two shafts that
are neither parallel nor intersecting, and in which the teeth slant
across the faces of the gears.
 -- Skew surface (Geom.), a ruled surface such that in general two
successive generating straight lines do not intersect; a warped
surface; as, the helicoid is a skew surface.
 -- Skew symmetrical determinant (Alg.), a determinant in which the
elements in each column of the matrix are equal to the elements of
the corresponding row of the matrix with the signs changed, as in
(1), below. (1) 0 2 -3-2 0 53 -5 0 (2) 4 -1 71 8 -2-7 2 1

Note: This requires that the numbers in the diagonal from the upper
left to lower right corner be zeros. A like determinant in which the
numbers in the diagonal are not zeros is a skew determinant, as in
(2), above.

SKEW
Skew, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A stone at the foot of the slope of a gable, the offset of a
buttress, or the like, cut with a sloping surface and with a check to
receive the coping stones and retain them in place.

SKEW
Skew, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Skewed; p. pr. & vb. n. Skewing.]

1. To walk obliquely; to go sidling; to lie or move obliquely.
Child, you must walk straight, without skewing. L'Estrange.

2. To start aside; to shy, as a horse. [Prov. Eng.]

3. To look obliquely; to squint; hence, to look slightingly or
suspiciously. Beau & Fl.

SKEW
Skew, v. t. Etym: [See Skew, adv.]

1. To shape or form in an oblique way; to cause to take an oblique
position.

2. To throw or hurl obliquely.

SKEWBALD
Skew"bald`, a.

Defn: Marked with spots and patches of white and some color other
than black; -- usually distinguished from piebald, in which the
colors are properly white and black. Said of horses.

SKEWER
Skew"er, n. Etym: [Probably of Scand, origin; cf. Sw. & Dan. skifer a
slate. Cf. Shuver a fragment.]

Defn: A pin of wood or metal for fastening meat to a spit, or for
keeping it in form while roasting.
Meat well stuck with skewers to make it look round. Swift.

SKEWER
Skew"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Skewered; p. pr. & vb. n. Skewering.]

Defn: To fasten with skewers.

SKI
Ski, n.

Defn: Same as Skee.

SKIAGRAPH; SKIAGRAPHY
Ski"a*graph, n. Ski*ag"ra*phy, n., etc.

Defn: See Sciagraph, Sciagraphy, etc.

SKIASCOPE; SCIASCOPE
Ski"a*scope, Sci"a*scope, n. [Gr.  a shadow + -scope.] (Med.)

Defn: A device for determining the refractive state of the eye by
observing the movements of the retinal lights and shadows. --
Ski*as"co*py (#), Ski*as"co*py (#), n.

SKID
Skid, n. Etym: [Icel. ski a billet of wood. See Shide.] [Written also
skeed.]

1. A shoe or clog, as of iron, attached to a chain, and placed under
the wheel of a wagon to prevent its turning when descending a steep
hill; a drag; a skidpan; also, by extension, a hook attached to a
chain, and used for the same purpose.

2. A piece of timber used as a support, or to receive pressure.
Specifically: (a) pl. (Naut.)

Defn: Large fenders hung over a vessel's side to protect it in
handling a cargo. Totten.
(b) One of a pair of timbers or bars, usually arranged so as to form
an inclined plane, as form a wagon to a door, along which anything is
moved by sliding or rolling.
(c) One of a pair of horizontal rails or timbers for supporting
anything, as a boat, a barrel, etc.

SKID
Skid, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Skidded; p. pr. & vb. n. Skidding.]

1. To protect or support with a skid or skids; also, to cause to move
on skids.

2. To check with a skid, as wagon wheels. Dickens.

SKIDDAW
Skid"daw`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The black guillemot. [Prov. Eng.]

SKIDDER
Skid"der, n. One that skids; one that uses a skid; specif.: (Logging)
 (a) One that skids logs.
 (b) An engine for hauling the cable used in skidding logs.
 (c) The foreman of a construction gang making a skid road.

SKIDPAN
Skid"pan`, n.

Defn: See Skid, n., 1. [Eng.]

SKID ROAD
Skid road. (Logging)
 (a) A road along which logs are dragged to the skidway or landing; -
- called also travois, or travoy, road.
 (b) A road having partly sunken transverse logs (called skids) at
intervals of about five feet.

SKIED
Skied,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Sky, v. t.

SKIEY
Ski"ey, a.

Defn: See Skyey. Shelley.

SKIFF
Skiff, n. Etym: [F. esquif, fr. OHG. skif, G. schiff. See Ship.]

Defn: A small, light boat.
The pilot of some small night-foundered skiff. Milton.
Skiff caterpillar (Zoöl.), the larva of a moth (Limacodes scapha); --
so called from its peculiar shape.

SKIFF
Skiff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Skiffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Skiffing.]

Defn: To navigate in a skiff. [R.]

SKIFFLING
Skif"fling, n. (Quarrying)

Defn: Rough dressing by knocking off knobs or projections; knobbing.

SKILDER
Skil"der, v. i.

Defn: To beg; to pilfer; to skelder. [Prov. Eng.& Scot.] Sir W.
Scott.

SKILFUL
Skil"ful, a.

Defn: See Skilful.

SKILL
Skill, n. Etym: [Icel. skil a distinction, discernment; akin to
skilja to separate, divide, distinguish, Sw. skilja,. skille to
separate, skiel reason, right, justice, Sw. skäl reason, Lith. skelli
to cleave. Cf. Shell, Shoal, a multitude.]

1. Discrimination; judgment; propriety; reason; cause. [Obs.] Shak.
"As it was skill and right." Chaucer.
For great skill is, he prove that he wrought. Chaucer.
[For with good reason he should test what he created.]

2. Knowledge; understanding. [Obsoles.]
That by his fellowship he color mightskill of any wight. Spenser.
Nor want we skill or art. Milton.

3. The familiar knowledge of any art or science, united with
readiness and dexterity in execution or performance, or in the
application of the art or science to practical purposes; power to
discern and execute; ability to perceive and perform; expertness;
aptitude; as, the skill of a mathematician, physician, surgeon,
mechanic, etc.
Phocion, . . . by his great wisdom and skill at negotiations,
diverted Alexander from the conquest of Athens. Swift.
Where patience her sweet skill imparts. Keble.

4. Display of art; exercise of ability; contrivance; address. [Obs.]
Richard . . . by a thousand princely skills, gathering so much corn
as if he meant not to return. Fuller.

5. Any particular art. [Obs.]
Learned in one skill, and in another kind of learning unskillful.
Hooker.

Syn.
 -- Dexterity; adroitness; expertness; art; aptitude; ability.
 -- Skill, Dexterity, Adroitness. Skill is more intelligent, denoting
familiar knowledge united to readiness of performance. Dexterity,
when applied to the body, is more mechanical, and refers to habitual
ease of execution. Adroitness involves the same image with dexterity,
and differs from it as implaying a general facility of movement
(especially in avoidance of danger or in escaping from a difficalty).
The same distinctions apply to the figurative sense of the words. A
man is skillful in any employment when he understands both its theory
and its practice. He is dexterous when he maneuvers with great
lightness. He is adroit in the use od quick, sudden, and well-
directed movements of the body or the mind, so as to effect the
object he has in view.

SKILL
Skill, v. t.

Defn: To know; to understand. [Obs.]
To skill the arts of expressing our mind. Barrow.

SKILL
Skill, v. i.

1. To be knowing; to have understanding; to be dexterous in
performance. [Obs.]
I can not skill of these thy ways. Herbert.

2. To make a difference; to signify; to matter; -- used impersonally.
Spenser.
What skills it, if a bag of stones or gold About thy neck do drown
thee Herbert.
It skills not talking of it. Sir W. Scott.

SKILLED
Skilled, a.

Defn: Having familiar knowledge united with readiness and dexterity
in its application; familiarly acquainted with; expert; skillful; --
often followed by in; as, a person skilled in drawing or geometry.

SKILLET
Skil"let, n. Etym: [OF. escuelette, dim. of escuelle a porringer, F.
ecuelle, fr. L. scutella, dim. of scutra, scuta, a dish. Cf. Scuttle
a basket.]

Defn: A small vessel of iron, copper, or other metal, with a handle,
used for culinary purpose, as for stewing meat.

SKILLFUL
Skill"ful, a. Etym: [Written also skilful.]

1. Discerning; reasonable; judicious; cunning. [Obs.] "Of skillful
judgment." Chaucer.

2. Possessed of, or displaying, skill; knowing and ready; expert;
well-versed; able in management; as, a skillful mechanic; -- often
followed by at, in, or of; as, skillful at the organ; skillful in
drawing.
And they shall call the husbandman to mourning, and such as are
skillful of lamentations to wailing. Amos v. 16.

Syn.
 -- Expert; skilled; dexterous; adept; masterly; adroit; clever;
cunning.
 -- Skill"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Skill"ful*ness, n.

SKILLIGALEE
Skil`li*ga*lee", n.

Defn: A kind of thin, weak broth or oatmeal porridge, served out to
prisoners and paupers in England; also, a drink made of oatmeal,
sugar, and water, sometimes used in the English navy or army.
[Written also skilligolee, skillygalee, etc.]

SKILLING
Skil"ling, n. Etym: [Cf. Sheeling.]

Defn: A bay of a barn; also, a slight addition to a cottage. [Prov.
Eng.]

SKILLING
Skil"ling, n. Etym: [Sw. & Dan. See Shilling.]

Defn: A money od account in Sweden, Norwey, Denmark, and North
Germany, and also a coin. It had various values, from three fourths
of a cent in Norway to more than two cents in Lübeck.

SKILL-LESS
Skill"-less, a.

Defn: Wanting skill. Shak.

SKILTS
Skilts, n. pl.

Defn: A kind of large, coarse, short trousers formerly worn. [Local,
U. S.] Bartlett.

SKILTY
Skil"ty, n.

Defn: The water rail. [Prov. Eng.]

SKIM
Skim, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Skimmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Skimming.] Etym:
[Cf. Sw. skymma to darken. sq. root158. See Scum.]

1. To clear (a liquid) from scum or substance floating or lying
thereon, by means of a utensil that passes just beneath the surface;
as, to skim milk; to skim broth.

2. To take off by skimming; as, to skim cream.

3. To pass near the surface of; to brush the surface of; to glide
swiftly along the surface of.
Homer describes Mercury as flinging himself from the top of Olympus,
and skimming the surface of the ocean. Hazlitt.

4. Fig.: To read or examine superficially and rapidly, in order to
cull the principal facts or thoughts; as, to skim a book or a
newspaper.

SKIM
Skim, v. i.

1. To pass lightly; to glide along in an even, smooth course; to
glide along near the surface.
Not so when swift Camilla scours the plain, Flies o'er the unbending
corn, and skims along the main. Pope.

2. To hasten along with superficial attention.
They skim over a science in a very superficial survey. I. Watts.

3. To put on the finishing coat of plaster.

SKIM
Skim, a.

Defn: Contraction of Skimming and Skimmed. Skim coat, the final or
finishing coat of plaster.
 -- Skim colter, a colter for paring off the surface of land.
 -- Skim milk, skimmed milk; milk from which the cream has been
taken.

SKIM
Skim, n.

Defn: Scum; refuse. Bryskett.

SKIMBACK
Skim"back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The quillback. [Local, U.S.]

SKIMBLE-SCAMBLE
Skim"ble-scam`ble, a. Etym: [A reduplication of scamble.]

Defn: Rambling; disorderly; unconnected. [Colloq.]
Such a deal of skimble-scamble stuff. Shak.

SKIMITRY
Skim"i*try, n.

Defn: See Skimmington.

SKIMMER
Skim"mer, n.

1. One who, or that which, skims; esp., a utensil with which liquids
are skimmed.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of longwinged marine birds of the genus Rhynchops,
allied to the terns, but having the lower mandible compressed and
much longer than the upper one. These birds fly rapidly along the
surface of the water, with the lower mandible immersed, thus skimming
out small fishes. The American species (R. nigra) is common on the
southern coasts of the United States. Called also scissorbill, and
shearbill.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several large bivalve shells, sometimes used for
skimming milk, as the sea clams, and large scallops.

SKIMMERTON
Skim"mer*ton, n.

Defn: See Skimmington.

SKIMMING
Skim"ming, n.

1. The act of one who skims.

2. That which is skimmed from the surface of a liquid; -- chiefly
used in the plural; as, the skimmings of broth.

SKIMMINGLY
Skim"ming*ly, adv.

Defn: In a skimming manner.

SKIMMINGTON
Skim"ming*ton, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain. Perhaps the name of some
notorius scold.]

Defn: A word employed in the phrase, To ride Skimmington; that is to
ride on a horse with a woman, but behind her, facing backward,
carrying a distaff, and accompanied by a procession of jeering
neighbors making mock music; a cavalcade in ridicule of a henpecked
man. The custom was in vogue in parts of England.

SKIMP
Skimp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Skimped; p. pr. & vb. n. Skimping.] Etym:
[Cf. Skinch, Scamp, v. t.]

1. To slight; to do carelessly; to scamp. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]

2. To make insufficient allowance for; to scant; to scrimp. [Prov.
Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]

SKIMP
Skimp, v. i.

Defn: To save; to be parsimonious or niggardly. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq.
U.S.]

SKIMP
Skimp, a.

Defn: Scanty. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]

SKIN
Skin, n. Etym: [Icel. skinn; akin to Sw. skinn, Dan. skind, AS.
scinn, G. schined to skin.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The external membranous integument of an animal.

Note: In man, and the vertebrates generally, the skin consist of two
layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis, cuticle, or
skarfskin, composed of cells which are constantly growing and
multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial,
layers; and an inner sensitive, and vascular dermis, cutis, corium,
or true skin, composed mostly of connective tissue.

2. The hide of an animal, separated from the body, whether green,
dry, or tanned; especially, that of a small animal, as a calf, sheep,
or goat.

3. A vessel made of skin, used for holding liquids. See Bottle, 1.
"Skins of wine." Tennyson.

4. The bark or husk of a plant or fruit; the exterior coat of fruits
and plants.

5. (Naut.)
(a) That part of a sail, when furled, which remains on the outside
and covers the whole. Totten.
(b) The covering, as of planking or iron plates, outside the framing,
forming the sides and bottom of a vessel; the shell; also, a lining
inside the framing. Skin friction, Skin resistance (Naut.), the
friction, or resistance, caused by the tendency of water to adhere to
the immersed surface (skin) of a vessel.
 -- Skin graft (Surg.), a small portion of skin used in the process
of grafting. See Graft, v. t., 2.
 -- Skin moth (Zoöl.), any insect which destroys the prepared skins
of animals, especially the larva of Dermestes and Anthrenus.
 -- Skin of the teeth, nothing, or next to nothing; the least
possible hold or advantage. Job xix. 20.
 -- Skin wool, wool taken from dead sheep.

SKIN
Skin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Skinned; p. pr. & vb. n. Skinning.]

1. To strip off the skin or hide of; to flay; to peel; as, to skin an
animal.

2. To cover with skin, or as with skin; hence, to cover
superficially.
It will but skin and film the ulcerous place. Shak.

3. To strip of money or property; to cheat. [Slang]

SKIN
Skin, v. i.

1. To become covered with skin; as, a wound skins over.

2. To produce, in recitation, examination, etc., the work of another
for one's own, or to use in such exercise cribs, memeoranda, etc.,
which are prohibited. [College Cant, U.S.]

SKINBOUND
Skin"bound`, a.

Defn: Having the skin adhering closely and rigidly to the flesh;
hidebound. Skinbound disease. (Med.) See Sclerema neonatorum, under
Sclerema.

SKINCH
Skinch, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Skinched; p. pr. & vb. n.
Skinching.] Etym: [Cf. Scant.]

Defn: To give scant measure; to squeeze or pinch in order to effect a
saving. [Prev. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]

SKIN-DEEP
Skin"-deep`, a.

Defn: Not deeper than the skin; hence, superficial. Lowell.

SKINFLINT
Skin"flint`, n. Etym: [Skin + flint.]

Defn: A penurious person; a miser; a niggard. Sir W. Scott.

SKINFUL
Skin"ful, n.; pl. Skinfuls (.

Defn: As much as a skin can hold.

SKINK
Skink, n. Etym: [L. scincus, Gr. [Written also scink.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of regularly scaled harmless
lizards of the family Scincidæ, common in the warmer parts of all the
continents.

Note: The officinal skink (Scincus officinalis) inhabits the sandy
plains of South Africa. It was believed by the ancients to be a
specific for various diseases. A common slender species (Seps
tridactylus) of Southern Europe was formerly believed to produce
fatal diseases in cattle by mere contact. The American skinks include
numerous species of the genus Eumeces, as the blue-tailed skink (E.
fasciatus) of the Eastern United States. The ground skink, or ground
lizard (Oligosoma laterale) inhabits the Southern United States.

SKINK
Skink, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Skinked; p. pr. & vb. n. Skinking.] Etym:
[Icel. skenja; akin to Sw. skäka, Dan. skienke, AS. scencan, D. & G.
schenken. As. scencan is usually derived from sceonc, sceanc, shank,
a hollow bone being supposed to have been used to draw off liquor
from a cask. sq. root161. See Shank, and cf. Nunchion.]

Defn: To draw or serve, as drink. [Obs.]
Bacchus the wine them skinketh all about. Chaucer.
Such wine as Ganymede doth skink to Jove. Shirley.

SKINK
Skink, v. i.

Defn: To serve or draw liquor. [Obs.]

SKINK
Skink, n.

Defn: Drink; also, pottage. [Obs.] Bacon.

SKINKER
Skink"er, n.

Defn: One who serves liquor; a tapster.

SKINLESS
Skin"less, a.

Defn: Having no skin, or a very thin skin; as, skinless fruit.

SKINNER
Skin"ner, n.

1. One who skins.

2. One who deals in skins, pelts, or hides.

SKINNINESS
Skin"ni*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being skinny.

SKINNY
Skin"ny, a.

Defn: Consisting, or chiefly consisting, of skin; wanting flesh. "Her
skinny lips." Shak.
He holds him with a skinny hand. Coleridge.

SKIP
Skip, n. Etym: [See Skep.]

1. A basket. See Skep. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

2. A basket on wheels, used in cotton factories.

3. (Mining)

Defn: An iron bucket, which slides between guides, for hoisting
mineral and rock.

4. (Sugar Manuf.)

Defn: A charge of sirup in the pans.

5. A beehive; a skep.

SKIP
Skip, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Skipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Skipping.] Etym:
[OE. skippen, of uncertain origin; cf. Icel. skopa run, skoppa to
spin like a top, OSw. & dial. Sw. skimmpa to run, skimpa, skompa, to
hop, skip; or Ir. sgiob to snatch, Gael. sgiab to start or move
suddenly, to snatch, W. ysgipio to snatch.]

1. To leap lightly; to move in leaps and hounds; -- commonly implying
a sportive spirit.
The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day, Had he thy reason, would he
skip and play Pope.
So she drew her mother away skipping, dancing, and frisking
fantastically. Hawthorne.

2. Fig.: To leave matters unnoticed, as in reading, speaking, or
writing; to pass by, or overlook, portions of a thing; -- often
followed by over.

SKIP
Skip, v. t.

1. To leap lightly over; as, to skip the rope.

2. To pass over or by without notice; to omit; to miss; as, to skip a
line in reading; to skip a lesson.
They who have a mind to see the issue may skip these two chapters.
Bp. Burnet.

3. To cause to skip; as, to skip a stone. [Colloq.]

SKIP
Skip, n.

1. A light leap or bound.

2. The act of passing over an interval from one thing to another; an
omission of a part.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A passage from one sound to another by more than a degree at
once. Busby. Skip kennel, a lackey; a footboy. [Slang.] Swift.
 -- Skip mackerel. (Zoöl.) See Bluefish, 1.

SKIPJACK
Skip"jack`, n.

1. An upstart. [Obs.] Ford.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An elater; a snap bug, or snapping beetle.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name given to several kinds of a fish, as the common
bluefish, the alewife, the bonito, the butterfish, the cutlass fish,
the jurel, the leather jacket, the runner, the saurel, the saury, the
threadfish, etc.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A shallow sailboat with a rectilinear or V-shaped cross
section.

SKIPPER
Skip"per, n.

1. One who, or that which, skips.

2. A young, thoughtless person. Shak.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The saury (Scomberesox saurus).

4. The cheese maggot. See Cheese fly, under Cheese.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small butterflies of the family
Hesperiadæ; -- so called from their peculiar short, jerking flight.

SKIPPER
Skip"per, n. Etym: [D. schipper. See Shipper, and Ship.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The master of a fishing or small trading vessel; hence, the
master, or captain, of any vessel.

2. A ship boy. [Obs.] Congreve.

SKIPPET
Skip"pet, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. skip, E. skipper. See Ship.]

1. A small boat; a skiff. [Obs.]
A little skippet floating did appear. Spenser.

2. A small round box for keeping records. [Obs.]

SKIPPINGLY
Skip"ping*ly, adv.

Defn: In a skipping manner; by skips, or light leaps.

SKIRL
Skirl, v. t.& i. Etym: [Of Scand. origin, and originally the same
word as E. shrill.]

Defn: To utter in a shrill tone; to scream. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

SKIRL
Skirl, n.

Defn: A shrill cry or sound. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

SKIRLCOCK
Skirl"cock`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The missel thrush; -- so called from its harsh alarm note.
[Prev. Eng.]

SKIRLCRAKE
Skirl"crake`, n.

Defn: The turnstone. [Prev. Eng.]

SKIRLING
Skirl"ing, n.

Defn: A shrill cry or sound; a crying shrilly; a skirl. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
When the skirling of the pipes cleft the air his cold eyes softened.
Mrs. J. H. Ewing.

SKIRLING
Skirl"ing, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small trout or salmon; -- a name used loosely. [Prov. Eng.]

SKIRMISH
Skir"mish, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Skirmished; p. pr. & vb. n.
Skirmishing.] Etym: [OE. skirmishen, scarmishen, OF. escremir,
eskermir, to fence, fight, F. escrimer, of German origin; cf. OHG.
scirmen to protect, defend, G. schirmen, OHG. scirm, scerm,
protection, shield, G. schirm; perhaps akin to Gr. Scaramouch,
Scrimmage.]

Defn: To fight slightly or in small parties; to engage in a skirmish
or skirmishes; to act as skirmishers.

SKIRMISH
Skir"mish, n.Etym: [OE. scarmishe, scrymishe. See Skirmish, v. i.]

1. A slight fight in war; a light or desultory combat between
detachments from armies, or between detached and small bodies of
troops.

2. A slight contest.
They never meet but there's a skirmish of wit. Shak.

SKIRMISHER
Skir"mish*er, n.

Defn: One who skirmishes. Specifically: pl. (Mil.)

Defn: Soldiers deployed in loose order, to cover the front or flanks
of an advancing army or a marching column.

SKIRR
Skirr, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Scur, Scurry.]

Defn: To ramble over in order to clear; to scour. [Archaic] Shak.

SKIRR
Skirr, v. i.

Defn: To scour; to scud; to run. [Archaic]

SKIRR
Skirr, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tern. [Prov. Eng.]

SKIRRET
Skir"ret, n. Etym: [A corrupted form equivalent to sugarwort.] (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant (Sium, or Pimpinella, Sisarum). It is a
native of Asia, but has been long cultivated in Europe for its edible
clustered tuberous roots, which are very sweet.

SKIRRHUS
Skir"rhus, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Scirrhus.

SKIRT
Skirt, n. Etym: [OE. skyrt, of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. skyrta a
shirt, Sw. skört a skirt, skjorta a shirt. See Shirt.]

1. The lower and loose part of a coat, dress, or other like garment;
the part below the waist; as, the skirt of a coat, a dress, or a
mantle.

2. A loose edging to any part of a dress. [Obs.]
A narrow lace, or a small skirt of ruffled linen, which runs along
the upper part of the stays before, and crosses the breast, being a
part of the tucker, is called the modesty piece. Addison.

3. Border; edge; margin; extreme part of anything "Here in the skirts
of the forest." Shak.

4. A petticoat.

5. The diaphragm, or midriff, in animals. Dunglison.

SKIRT
Skirt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Skirted; p. pr. & vb. n. Skirting.]

1. To cover with a skirt; to surround.
Skirted his loins and thighs with downy gold. Milton.

2. To border; to form the border or edge of; to run along the edge
of; as, the plain was skirted by rows of trees. "When sundown skirts
the moor." Tennyson.

SKIRT
Skirt, v. t.

Defn: To be on the border; to live near the border, or extremity.
Savages . . . who skirt along our western frontiers. S. S. Smith.

SKIRTING
Skirt"ing, n.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A skirting board. [R.]

2. Skirts, taken collectivelly; material for skirts. Skirting board,
the board running around a room on the wall next the floor;
baseboard.

SKIT
Skit, v. t. Etym: [Prov. E. skitto slide, as adj., hasty,
precipitate, of Scand. origin, and akin to E. shoot, v.t.; cf. Icel.
skyti, skytja, skytta, a marksman, shooter, skjota to shoot, skuta a
taunt. sq. root159. See Shoot.]

Defn: To cast reflections on; to asperse. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Crose.

SKIT
Skit, n.

1. A reflection; a jeer or gibe; a sally; a brief satire; a squib.
Tooke.
A similar vein satire upon the emptiness of writers is given in his
"Tritical Essay upon the Faculties of the Human Mind;" but that is a
mere skit compared with this strange performance. Leslie Stephen.

2. A wanton girl; a light wench. [Obs.]

SKITTER
Skit"ter, v. t. [Cf. Skit, v. t.]

Defn: To move or pass (something) over a surface quickly so that it
touches only at intervals; to skip.

The angler, standing in the bow, 'skitters' or skips the spoon over
the surface.
James A. Henshall.

SKITTER
Skit"ter, v. i.

Defn: To pass or glide lightly or with quick touches at intervals; to
skip; to skim.

Some kinds of ducks in lighting strike the water with their tails
first, and skitter along the surface for a feet before settling down.
T. Roosevelt.

SKITTISH
Skit"tish, a. Etym: [See Skit, v. t.]

1. Easily frightened; timorous; shy; untrustworthy; as, a skittish
colt. "A restiff, skittish jade." L'Estrange.

2. Wanton; restive; freakish; volatile; changeable; fickle. "Skittish
Fortune's hall." Shak.
 -- Skit"tish*ly, adv.
 -- Skit"tish*ness, n.

SKITTLE
Skit"tle, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the game of skittles. Skittle alley, an alley or
court in which the game of skittles is played.
 -- Skittle ball, a disk or flattish ball of wood for throwing at the
pins in the game of skittles.

SKITTLE-DOG
Skit"tle-dog`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The piked dogfish.

SKITTLES
Skit"tles, n. pl. Etym: [Of Scand. origin. sq. root159. See Shoot, v.
t., and cf. Shuttle, Skit, v. t.]

Defn: An English game resembling ninepins, but played by throwing
wooden disks, instead of rolling balls, at the pins.

SKITTY
Skit"ty, n. Etym: [Cf. Skittish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rail; as, the water rail (called also skitty cock, and skitty
coot); the spotted crake (Porzana maruetta), and the moor hen. [Prov.
Eng.]

SKIVE
Skive, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. skifa a shaving, slice, E. shive, sheave.]

Defn: The iron lap used by diamond polishers in finishing the facets
of the gem.

SKIVE
Skive, v. t.

Defn: To pare or shave off the rough or thick parts of (hides or
leather).

SKIVER
Skiv"er, n. Etym: [Cf. Skewer, Shiver a fragment.]

1. An inferior quality of leather, made of split sheepskin, tanned by
immersion in sumac, and dyed. It is used for hat linings,
pocketbooks, bookbinding, etc.

2. The cutting tool or machine used in splitting leather or skins, as
sheepskins.

SKIVING
Ski"ving, n.

1. The act of paring or splitting leather or skins.

2. A piece made in paring or splitting leather; specifically, the
part from the inner, or flesh, side.

SKLAYRE
Sklayre, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schleier.]

Defn: A vell. [Obs.]

SKLERE
Sklere, v. t.

Defn: To shelter; to cover. [Obs.]

SKOLECITE; SKOLEZITE
Skol"e*cite, Skol"e*zite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Scolecite.

SKONCE
Skonce, n.

Defn: See Sconce.

SKOPSTER
Skop"ster, n.

Defn: The saury. [Prov. Eng.]

SKOPTSY
Skop*tsy", n. pl.

Defn: See Raskolnik.

SKORODITE
Skor"o*dite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Scorodite.

SKOUT
Skout, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A guillemot.

SKOWITZ
Sko"witz, n. Etym: [Nisqually (American Indian) name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The silver salmon.

SKREEN
Skreen, n. & v.

Defn: See Screen. [Obs.]

SKRIKE
Skrike, v. i. & t.

Defn: To shriek. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SKRIKE
Skrike, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The missel thrush. [Prov. Eng.]

SKRIMMAGE
Skrim"mage, n.

Defn: See Scrimmage.

SKRIMP
Skrimp, v. t.

Defn: See Scrimp.

SKRINGE
Skringe, v. i.

Defn: See Scringe.

SKRITE
Skrite, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The skrike. [Prov. Eng.]

SKUA
Sku"a, n. Etym: [Icel. sk, sk.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any jager gull; especially, the Megalestris skua; -- called
also boatswain.

SKUE
Skue, a. & n.

Defn: See Skew.

SKULK
Skulk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Skulked; p. pr. & vb. n. Skulking.] Etym:
[Of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. skulke to spare or save one's self, to
play the truant, Sw. skolka to be at leisure, to shirk, Icel. skolla.
Cf. Scowl.]

Defn: To hide, or get out of the way, in a sneaking manner; to lie
close, or to move in a furtive way; to lurk. "Want skulks in holes
and crevices." W. C. Bryant.
Discovered and defeated of your prey, You skulked behind the fence,
and sneaked away. Dryden.

SKULK
Skulk, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. skollr, skolli, a fox, and E. skulk, v.i.]

Defn: A number of foxes together. Wright.

SKULK; SKULKER
Skulk, Skulk"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, skulks.

SKULKINGLY
Skulk"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a skulking manner.

SKULL
Skull, n. Etym: [See School a multitude.]

Defn: A school, company, or shoal. [Obs.]
A knavish skull of boys and girls did pelt at him. Warner.
These fishes enter in great flotes and skulls. Holland.

SKULL
Skull, n. Etym: [OE. skulle, sculle, scolle; akin to Scot. skull,
skoll, a bowl, Sw. skalle skull, skal a shell, and E. scale; cf. G.
hirnschale, Dan. hierneskal. Cf. Scale of a balance.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The skeleton of the head of a vertebrate animal, including the
brain case, or cranium, and the bones and cartilages of the face and
mouth. See Illusts. of Carnivora, of Facial angles under Facial, and
of Skeleton, in Appendix.

Note: In many fishes the skull is almost wholly cartilaginous but in
the higher vertebrates it is more or less completely ossified,
several bones are developed in the face, and the cranium is made up,
wholly or partially, of bony plates arranged in three segments, the
frontal, parietal, and occipital, and usually closely united in the
adult.

2. The head or brain; the seat of intelligence; mind.
Skulls that can not teach, and will not learn. Cowper.

3. A covering for the head; a skullcap. [Obs. & R.]
Let me put on my skull first. Beau & Fl.

4. A sort of oar. See Scull. Skull and crossbones, a symbol of death.
See Crossbones.

SKULLCAP
Skull"cap`, n.

1. A cap which fits the head closely; also, formerly, a headpiece of
iron sewed inside of a cap for protection.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the labiate genus Scutellaria, the calyx of whose
flower appears, when inverted, like a helmet with the visor raised.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Lophiomys. Mad-dog skullcap (Bot.), an American herb
(Scetellaria lateriflora) formerly prescribed as a cure for
hydrophobia.

SKULLFISH
Skull"fish`, n.

Defn: A whaler's name for a whale more than two years old.

SKULPIN
Skul"pin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Sculpin.

SKUN
Skun, n. & v.

Defn: See Scum.

SKUNK
Skunk, n. Etym: [Contr. from the Abenaki (American Indian) seganku.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of American musteline carnivores of
the genus Mephitis and allied genera. They have two glands near the
anus, secreting an extremely fetid liquid, which the animal ejects at
pleasure as a means of defense.

Note: The common species of the Eastern United States (Mephitis
mephitica) is black with more or less white on the body and tail. The
spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius), native of the Southwestern United
States and Mexico, is smaller than the common skunk, and is variously
marked with black and white. Skunk bird, Skunk blackbird (Zoöl.), the
bobolink; -- so called because the male, in the breeding season, is
black and white, like a skunk.
 -- Skunk cabbage (Bot.), an American aroid herb (Symplocarpus
foetidus) having a reddish hornlike spathe in earliest spring,
followed by a cluster of large cabbagelike leaves. It exhales a
disagreeable odor. Also called swamp cabbage.
 -- Skunk porpoise. (Zoöl.) See under Porpoise.

SKUNK
Skunk, v. t.

Defn: In games of chance and skill: To defeat (an opponent) (as in
cards) so that he fails to gain a point, or (in checkers) to get a
king. [Colloq.

Defn: U. S.]

SKUNKBALL
Skunk"ball`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The surf duck.

SKUNKHEAD
Skunk"head`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The surf duck.
(b) A duck (Camptolaimus Labradorus) which formerly inhabited the
Atlantic coast of New England. It is now supposed to be extinct.
Called also Labrador duck, and pied duck.

SKUNKISH
Skunk"ish, a.

Defn: Like the skunk, especially in odor.

SKUNKTOP
Skunk"top`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The surf duck.

SKUNKWEED
Skunk"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Skunk cabbage.

SKURRY
Skur"ry, n. & v.

Defn: See Scurry.

SKUTE
Skute, n. Etym: [Icel. sk; akin to Sw. skuta, Dan. skude, D. schuit,
Lg. schüte, and E. schoot, v.t.]

Defn: A boat; a small vessel. [Obs.] Sir R. Williams.

SKUTTERUDITE
Skut"ter*ud*ite, n. Etym: [From Skuttertid, in Norway, whence it is
ibtained.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a bright metallic luster and tin-white to pale
lead-gray color. It consist of arsenic and cobalt.

SKY
Sky, n.; pl. Skies. Etym: [OE. skie a cloud, Icel. sk; akin to Sw. &
Dan. sky; cf. AS. sc, sc, shadow, Icel. skuggi; probably from the
same root as E. scum. sq. root158. See Scum, and cf. Hide skin,
Obscure.]

1. A cloud. [Obs.]
[A wind] that blew so hideously and high, That it ne lefte not a sky
In all the welkin long and broad. Chaucer.

2. Hence, a shadow. [Obs.]
She passeth as it were a sky. Gower.

3. The apparent arch, or vault, of heaven, which in a clear day is of
a blue color; the heavens; the firmament; -- sometimes in the plural.
The Norweyan banners flout the sky. Shak.

4. The wheather; the climate.
Thou wert better in thy grave than to answer with thy uncovered body
this extremity of the skies. Shak.

Note: Sky is often used adjectively or in the formation of self-
explaining compounds; as, sky color, skylight, sky-aspiring, sky-
born, sky-pointing, sky-roofed, etc. Sky blue, an azure color.
 -- Sky scraper (Naut.), a skysail of a triangular form. Totten.
 -- Under open sky, out of doors. "Under open sky adored." Milton.

SKY
Sky, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Skied or Skyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Skying.]

1. To hang (a picture on exhibition) near the top of a wall, where it
can not be well seen. [Colloq.]
Brother Academicians who skied his pictures. The Century.

2. To throw towards the sky; as, to sky a ball at cricket. [Colloq.]

SKY-BLUE
Sky"-blue, a.

Defn: Having the blue color of the sky; azure; as, a sky-blue stone.
Wordsworth.

SKYED
Skyed, a.

Defn: Surrounded by sky. [Poetic & R.] "The skyed mountain." Thomson.

SKYE TERRIER
Skye" ter"ri*er. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Terrier.

SKYEY
Sky"ey, a.

Defn: Like the sky; ethereal; being in the sky. "Skyey regions."
Thackeray.
Sublime on the towers of my skyey bowers, Lightning, my pilot, sits.
Shelley.

SKY-HIGH
Sky"-high`

Defn: , adv. & a. Very high. [Colloq.]

SKYISH
Sky"ish, a.

Defn: Like the sky, or approaching the sky; lofty; ethereal. [R.]
Shak.

SKYLARK
Sky"lark`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lark that mounts and sings as it files, especially the common
species (Alauda arvensis) found in Europe and in some parts of Asia,
and celebrated for its melodious song; -- called also sky laverock.
See under Lark.

Note: The Australian skylark (Cincloramphus cantillans) is a pipit
which has the habit of ascending perpendicularly like a skylark, but
it lacks the song of a true lark. The Missouri skylark is a pipit
(Anthus Spraguei) of the Western United States, resembling the
skylark in habit and song.

SKYLARKING
Sky"lark"ing, n.

Defn: The act of running about the rigging of a vessel in sport;
hence, frolicking; scuffing; sporting; carousing. [Colloq.]

SKYLIGHT
Sky"light`, n.

Defn: A window placed in the roof of a building, in the ceiling of a
room, or in the deck of a ship, for the admission of light from
above.

SKYMAN
Sky"man, n.; pl. -men.

Defn: An aëronaut. [Slang]

SKY PILOT
Sky pilot. (Aëronautics)

Defn: A person licensed as a pilot. [Slang]

SKYROCKET
Sky"rock`et, n.

Defn: A rocket that ascends high and burns as it flies; a species of
fireworks.

SKYSAIL
Sky"sail, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The sail set next above the royal. See Illust. under Sail.

SKYSCRAPER
Sky"scrap`er, n.
 (a) (Naut.) (1) A skysail of a triangular form. [Rare] (2)

Defn: A name for the one of the fancy sails alleged to have been
sometimes set above the skysail. [Obs.]
 (b) A very tall building.
 (c) Hence, anything usually large, high, or excessive. [Slang or
Colloq.]

SKYWARD
Sky"ward, a. & adv.

Defn: Toward the sky.

SLAB
Slab, n. Etym: [OE. slabbe, of uncertain origin; perhaps originally
meaning, a smooth piece, and akin to slape, Icel. sleipr slippery,
and E. slip, v. i.]

1. A thin piece of anything, especially of marble or other stone,
having plane surfaces. Gwilt.

2. An outside piece taken from a log or timber in sawing it into
boards, planks, etc.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wryneck. [Prov. Eng.]

4. (Naut.)

Defn: The slack part of a sail. Slab line (Naut.), a line or small
rope by which seamen haul up the foot of the mainsail or foresail.
Totten.

SLAB
Slab, a. Etym: [Cf. Gael. & Ir. slaib mud, mire left on a river
strand, and E. slop puddle.]

Defn: Thick; viscous. [Obs.]
Make the gruel thick and slab. Shak.

SLAB
Slab, n.

Defn: That which is slimy or viscous; moist earth; mud; also, a
puddle. [Obs.] Evelyn.

SLABBER
Slab"ber, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Slabbered; p. pr. & vb. n. Slabbering.]
Etym: [OE. slaberen; akin to LG. & D. slabbern, G. schlabbern, LG. &
D. slabben, G. schlabben, Icel. slafra. Cf. Slaver, Slobber,
Slubber.]

Defn: To let saliva or some liquid fall from the mouth carelessly,
like a child or an idiot; to drivel; to drool. [Written also slaver,
and slobber.]

SLABBER
Slab"ber, v. t.

1. To wet and foul spittle, or as if with spittle.
He slabbered me over, from cheek to cheek, with his great tongue.
Arbuthnot.

2. To spill liquid upon; to smear carelessly; to spill, as liquid
foed or drink, in careless eating or drinking.
The milk pan and cream pot so slabbered and tost That butter is
wanting and cheese is half lost. Tusser.

SLABBER
Slab"ber, n.

Defn: Spittle; saliva; slaver.

SLABBER
Slab"ber, n. Etym: [See 1st Slab.] (Mach.)
(a) A saw for cutting slabs from logs.
(b) A slabbing machine.

SLABBERER
Slab"ber*er, n.

Defn: One who slabbers, or drools; hence, an idiot.

SLABBERY
Slab"ber*y, a.

Defn: Like, or covered with, slabber or slab; slippery; sloppy.

SLABBINESS
Slab"bi*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being slabby.

SLABBING
Slab"bing, a. Etym: [See 1st Slab.]

Defn: Adapted for forming slabs, or for dressing flat surfaces.
Slabbing machine, a milling machine.

SLABBY
Slab"by, a. [Compar. Slabbier; superl. Slabbiest.] Etym: [See Slab,
a.]

1. Thick; viscous.
They present you with a cup, and you must drink of a slabby stuff.
Selden.

2. Sloppy; slimy; miry. See Sloppy. Gay.

SLAB-SIDED
Slab"-sid`ed, a.

Defn: Having flat sides; hence, tall, or long and lank. [Colloq. U.
S.]

SLACK
Slack, n. Etym: [Cf. Slag.]

Defn: Small coal; also, coal dust; culm. Raymond.

SLACK
Slack, n. Etym: [Icel. slakki a slope on a mountain edge.]

Defn: A valley, or small, shallow dell. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

SLACK
Slack, a. [Compar. Slacker; superl. Slackest.] Etym: [OE. slak, AS.
sleac; akin to OS. slak, OHG. slah, Prov. G. schlack, Icel. slakr,
Sw. slak; cf. Skr. srsj to let loose, to throw. Cf. Slake.]

Defn: Lax; not tense; not hard drawn; not firmly extended; as, a
slack rope.

2. Weak; not holding fast; as, a slack hand. Milton.

3. Remiss; backward; not using due diligence or care; not earnest or
eager; as, slack in duty or service.
The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count
slackness. 2 Pet. iii. 9.

4. Not violent, rapid, or pressing; slow; moderate; easy; as,
business is slack. "With slack pace." Chaucer.
Cslack southwest, at midnight was becalmed. Milton.
Slack in stays (Naut.), slow in going about, as a ship.
 -- Slack water, the time when the tide runs slowly, or the water is
at rest; or the interval between the flux and reflux of the tide.
 -- Slack-water navigation, navigation in a stream the depth of which
has been increased, and the current diminished, by a dam or dams.

Syn.
 -- Loose; relaxed; weak; remiss; backward; abated; diminished;
inactive; slow; tardy; dull.

SLACK
Slack, adv.

Defn: Slackly; as, slack dried hops.

SLACK
Slack, n.

Defn: The part of anything that hangs loose, having no strain upon
it; as, the slack of a rope or of a sail.

SLACK; SLACKEN
Slack, Slack"en, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Slacked, Slackened (; p. pr. &
vb. n. Slacking, Slackening.] Etym: [See Slack, a.]

1. To become slack; to be made less tense, firm, or rigid; to
decrease in tension; as, a wet cord slackens in dry weather.

2. To be remiss or backward; to be negligent.

3. To lose cohesion or solidity by a chemical combination with water;
to slake; as, lime slacks.

4. To abate; to become less violent.
Whence these raging fires Will slacken, if his breath stir not their
flames. Milton.

5. To lose rapidity; to become more slow; as, a current of water
slackens.

6. To languish; to fail; to flag.

7. To end; to cease; to desist; to slake. [Obs.]
That through your death your lineage should slack. Chaucer.
They will not of that firste purpose slack. Chaucer.

SLACK; SLACKEN
Slack, Slack"en, v. t.

1. To render slack; to make less tense or firm; as, to slack a rope;
to slacken a bandage. Wycklif (Acts xxvii. 40)

2. To neglect; to be remiss in. [Obs.] Shak.
Slack not the pressage. Dryden.

3. To deprive of cohesion by combining chemically with water; to
slake; as, to slack lime.

4. To cause to become less eager; to repress; to make slow or less
rapid; to retard; as, to slacken pursuit; to slacken industry.
"Rancor for to slack." Chaucer.
I should be grieved, young prince, to think my presence Unbent your
thoughts, and slackened 'em to arms. Addison.
In this business of growing rich, poor men should slack their pace.
South.
With such delay Well plased, they slack their course. Milton.

5. To cause to become less intense; to mitigate; to abate; to ease.
To respite, or deceive, or slack thy pain Of this ill mansion.
Milton.
Air-slacked lime, lime slacked by exposure to the air, in consequence
of the absorption of carton dioxide and water, by which it is
converted into carbonate of lime and hydrate of lime.

SLACKEN
Slack"en, n. (Metal.)

Defn: A spongy, semivitrifled substance which miners or smelters mix
with the ores of metals to prevent their fusion. [Written also
slakin.]

SLACKLY
Slack"ly, adv.

Defn: In a slack manner. Trench.

SLACKNESS
Slack"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being slack.

SLADE
Slade, n. Etym: [AS. sl.]

1. A little dell or valley; a flat piece of low, moist ground. [Obs.]
Drayton.

2. The sole of a plow.

SLAG
Slag, n. Etym: [Sw. slagg, or LG. slacke, whence G. schlacke;
originally, perhaps, the splinters struck off from the metal by
hammering. See Slay, v. t.]

1. The dross, or recrement, of a metal; also, vitrified cinders.

2. The scoria of a volcano. Slag furnace, or Slag hearth (Metal.), a
furnace, or hearth, for extracting lead from slags or poor ore.
 -- Slag wool, mineral wool. See under Mineral.

SLAGGY
Slag"gy, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to slag; resembling slag; as, slaggy cobalt.

SLAIE
Slaie, n. Etym: [See Sley.]

Defn: A weaver's reed; a sley.

SLAKE
Slake, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slaked; p. pr. & vb. n. Slaking.] Etym:
[OE. slaken to render slack, to slake, AS. sleacian, fr. sleac slack.
See Slack, v. & a.]

1. To allay; to quench; to extinguish; as, to slake thirst. "And
slake the heavenly fire." Spenser.
It could not slake mine ire nor ease my heart. Shak.

2. To mix with water, so that a true chemical combination shall take
place; to slack; as, to slake lime.

SLAKE
Slake, v. i.

1. To go out; to become extinct. "His flame did slake." Sir T.
Browne.

2. To abate; to become less decided. [R.] Shak.

3. To slacken; to become relaxed. "When the body's strongest sinews
slake." [R.] Sir J. Davies.

4. To become mixed with water, so that a true chemical combination
takes place; as, the lime slakes. Slake trough, a trough containing
water in which a blacksmith cools a forging or tool.

SLAKELESS
Slake"less, a.

Defn: Not capable of being slaked.

SLAKIN
Slak"in, n. (Metal.)

Defn: Slacken.

SLAM
Slam, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slammed; p. pr. & vb. n. Slamming.] Etym:
[Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. slamra, slambra, sl, Norw. slemba,
slemma, dial. Sw. slämma.]

1. To shut with force and a loud noise; to bang; as, he slammed the
door.

2. To put in or on some place with force and loud noise; -- usually
with down; as, to slam a trunk down on the pavement.

3. To strike with some implement with force; hence, to beat or cuff.
[Prov. Eng.]

4. To strike down; to slaughter. [Prov. Eng.]

5. To defeat (opponents at cards) by winning all the tricks of a deal
or a hand. Hoyle. To slam to, to shut or close with a slam. "He
slammed to the door." W. D. Howells.

SLAM
Slam, v. i.

Defn: To come or swing against something, or to shut, with sudden
force so as to produce a shock and noise; as, a door or shutter
slams.

SLAM
Slam, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, slams.

2. The shock and noise produced in slamming.
The slam and the scowl were lost upon Sam. Dickens.

3. (Card Playing)

Defn: Winning all the tricks of a deal.

4. The refuse of alum works. [Prov. Eng.]

SLAM-BANG
Slam"-bang`, adv.

Defn: With great violence; with a slamming or banging noise.
[Colloq.]

SLAMKIN; SLAMMERKIN
Slam"kin, Slam"mer*kin, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schlampe, schlamp, dim.
schlämpchen; schlampen to dangle, to be slovenly in one's dress.]

Defn: A slut; a slatternly woman. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SLANDER
Slan"der, n. Etym: [OE. sclandere, OF. esclandre, esclandle,
escandre, F. esclandre, fr. L. scandalum, Gr. skand to spring, leap.
See Scan, and cf. Scandal.]

1. A false tale or report maliciously uttered, tending to injure the
reputation of another; the malicious utterance of defamatory reports;
the dissemination of malicious tales or suggestions to the injury of
another.
Whether we speak evil of a man to his face or behind his back; the
former way, indeed, seems to be the most generous, but yet is a great
fault, and that which we call "reviling;" the latter is more mean and
base, and that which we properly call "slander", or "Backbiting."
Tillotson.
[We] make the careful magistrate The mark of slander. B. Jonson.

2. Disgrace; reproach; dishonor; opprobrium.
Thou slander of thy mother's heavy womb. Shak.

3. (Law)

Defn: Formerly, defamation generally, whether oral or written; in
modern usage, defamation by words spoken; utterance of false,
malicious, and defamatory words, tending to the damage and derogation
of another; calumny. See the Note under Defamation. Burril.

SLANDER
Slan"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slandered; p. pr. & vb. n. Slandering.]

1. To defame; to injure by maliciously uttering a false report; to
tarnish or impair the reputation of by false tales maliciously told
or propagated; to calumniate.
O, do not slander him, for he is kind. Shak.

2. To bring discredit or shame upon by one's acts.
Tax not so bad a voice To slander music any more than once. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To asperse; defame; calumniate; vilify; malign; belie;
scandalize; reproach. See Asperse.

SLANDERER
Slan"der*er, n.

Defn: One who slanders; a defamer; a calumniator. Jer. Taylor.

SLANDEROUS
Slan"der*ous, a.

1. Given or disposed to slander; uttering slander. "Slanderous
tongue." Shak.

2. Embodying or containing slander; calumnious; as, slanderous words,
speeches, or reports.
 -- Slan"der*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Slan"der*ous*ness, n.

SLANG
Slang,

Defn: imp. of Sling. Slung. [Archaic]

SLANG
Slang, n.

Defn: Any long, narrow piece of land; a promontory. [Local, Eng.]
Holland.

SLANG
Slang, n. Etym: [Cf. Sling.]

Defn: A fetter worn on the leg by a convict. [Eng.]

SLANG
Slang, n. Etym: [Said to be of Gypsy origin; but probably from
Scand., and akin to E. sling; cf. Norw. sleng a slinging, an
invention, device, slengja to sling, to cast, slengja kjeften
(literally, to sling the jaw) to use abusive language, to use slang,
slenjeord (ord = word) an insulting word, a new word that has no just
reason for being.]

Defn: Low, vulgar, unauthorized language; a popular but unauthorized
word, phrase, or mode of expression; also, the jargon of some
particular calling or class in society; low popular cant; as, the
slang of the theater, of college, of sailors, etc.

SLANG
Slang, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slanged; p. pr. & vb. n. Slanging.]

Defn: To address with slang or ribaldry; to insult with vulgar
language. [Colloq.]
Every gentleman abused by a cabman or slanged by a bargee was bound
there and then to take off his coat and challenge him to fisticuffs.
London Spectator.

SLANGINESS
Slang"i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being slangy.

SLANGOUS
Slan"gous, a.

Defn: Slangy. [R.] John Bee.

SLANG-WHANGER
Slang"-whang`er, n. Etym: [Slang + whang to beat.]

Defn: One who uses abusive slang; a ranting partisan. [Colloq. or
Humorous] W. Irving.

SLANGY
Slang"y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to slang; of the nature of slang; disposed to
use slang. [Written also slangey.]

SLANK
Slank,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Slink.

SLANT
Slant, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Slanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Slanting.] Etym:
[OE. slenten to slope, slide; cf. Sw. slinta to slide.]

Defn: To be turned or inclined from a right line or level; to lie
obliquely; to slope.
On the side of younder slanting hill. Dodsley.

SLANT
Slant, v. t.

Defn: To turn from a direct line; to give an oblique or sloping
direction to; as, to slant a line.

SLANT
Slant, n.

1. A slanting direction or plane; a slope; as, it lies on a slant.

2. An oblique reflection or gibe; a sarcastic remark. Slant or wind,
a local variation of the wind from its general direction.

SLANT
Slant, a. Etym: [Cf. dial. Sw. slant. See Slant, v. i.]

Defn: Inclined from a direct line, whether horizontal or
perpendicular; sloping; oblique. "The slant lightning." Milton.

SLANTING
Slant"ing, a.

Defn: Oblique; sloping.
 -- Slant"ing*ly, adv.

SLANTWISE; SLANTLY
Slant"wise`, Slant"ly, adv.

Defn: In an inclined direction; obliquely; slopingly.

SLAP
Slap, n. Etym: [OE. slappe; akin to LG. slappe, G. schlappe; probably
of imitative origin.]

Defn: A blow, esp. one given with the open hand, or with something
broad.

SLAP
Slap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Slapping.]

Defn: To strike with the open hand, or with something broad.

SLAP
Slap, adv. Etym: [Cf. LG. slap, G. schlapp. See Slap, n.]

Defn: With a sudden and violent blow; hence, quickly; instantly;
directly. [Colloq.] "The railroad cars drive slap into the city."
Thackeray.

SLAPDASH
Slap"dash`, adv. Etym: [Slap + dash.]

1. In a bold, careless manner; at random. [Colloq.]

2. With a slap; all at once; slap. [Colloq.] Prior.

SLAPDASH
Slap"dash`, v. t.

Defn: To apply, or apply something to, in a hasty, careless, or rough
manner; to roughcast; as, to slapdash mortar or paint on a wall, or
to slapdash a wall. [Colloq.] Halliwell.

SLAPE
Slape, a. Etym: [Icel. sleipr slippery; akin to E. slip.]

Defn: Slippery; smooth; crafty; hypocritical. [Prov. Eng.] Slape ale,
plain ale, as opposed to medicated or mixed ale. [Prov. Eng.]

SLAPEFACE
Slape"face`, n.

Defn: A soft-spoken, crafty hypocrite. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

SLAPJACK
Slap"jack`, n.

Defn: A flat batter cake cooked on a griddle; a flapjack; a
griddlecake. [Local, U.S.]

SLAPPER
Slap"per, n.

1. One who, or that which, slaps.

2. Anything monstrous; a whopper. [Slang] Grose.

SLAPPER; SLAPPING
Slap"per, Slap"ping, a.

Defn: Very large; monstrous; big. [Slang.]

SLASH
Slash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Slashing.] Etym:
[OE. slaschen, of uncertain origin; cf. OF. esclachier to break,
esclechier, esclichier, to break, and E. slate, slice, slit, v. t.]

1. To cut by striking violently and at random; to cut in long slits.

2. To lash; to ply the whip to. [R.] King.

3. To crack or snap, as a whip. [R.] Dr. H. More.

SLASH
Slash, v. i.

Defn: To strike violently and at random, esp. with an edged
instrument; to lay about one indiscriminately with blows; to cut
hastily and carelessly.
Hewing and slashing at their idle shades. Spenser.

SLASH
Slash, n.

1. A long cut; a cut made at random.

2. A large slit in the material of any garment, made to show the
lining through the openings.

3. Etym: [Cf. Slashy.] pl.

Defn: Swampy or wet lands overgrown with bushes. [Local, U.S.]
Bartlett.

SLASHED
Slashed, a.

1. Marked or cut with a slash or slashes; deeply gashed; especially,
having long, narrow openings, as a sleeve or other part of a garment,
to show rich lining or under vesture.
A gray jerkin, with scarlet and slashed sleeves. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Divided into many narrow parts or segments by sharp incisions;
laciniate.

SLASHER
Slash"er, n. (Textile Manuf.)

Defn: A machine for applying size to warp yarns.

SLASH PINE
Slash" pine". (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of pine tree (Pinus Cubensis) found in Southern Florida
and the West Indies; -- so called because it grows in "slashes."

SLASHY
Slash"y, a. Etym: [Cf. Sw. slaska to dabble in water. Cf. Slush.]

Defn: Wet and dirty; slushy. [Prov. Eng.]

SLAT
Slat, n. Etym: [CF. Slot a bar.]

Defn: A thin, narrow strip or bar of wood or metal; as, the slats of
a window blind.

SLAT
Slat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slatted; p. pr. & vb. n. Slatting.] Etym:
[OE. slatten; cf. Icel. sletta to slap, to dab.]

1. To slap; to strike; to beat; to throw down violently. [Prov. Eng.
& Colloq. U.S.]
How did you kill him Slat[t]ed his brains out. Marston.

2. To split; to crack. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

3. To set on; to incite. See 3d Slate. [Prov. Eng.]

SLATCH
Slatch, n. Etym: [See Slack.] (Naut.)
(a) The period of a transitory breeze.
(b) An interval of fair weather.
(c) The loose or slack part of a rope; slack.

SLATE
Slate, n. Etym: [OE. slat, OF. esclat a shiver, splinter, F. éclat,
fr. OF. esclater to shiver, to chip, F. éclater, fr. OHG. sliezen to
tear, slit, split, fr. slizan to slit, G. schleissen. See Slit, v.
t., and cf. Eclat.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: An argillaceous rock which readily splits into thin plates;
argillite; argillaceous schist.

2. Any rock or stone having a slaty structure.

3. A prepared piece of such stone. Especially:
(a) A thin, flat piece, for roofing or covering houses, etc.
(b) A tablet for writing upon.

4. An artificial material, resembling slate, and used for the above
purposes.

5. A thin plate of any material; a flake. [Obs.]

6. (Politics)

Defn: A list of candidates, prepared for nomination or for election;
a list of candidates, or a programme of action, devised beforehand.
[Cant, U.S.] Bartlett. Adhesive slate (Min.), a kind of slate of a
greenish gray color, which absorbs water rapidly, and adheres to the
tongue; whence the name.
 -- Aluminous slate, or Alum slate (Min.), a kind of slate containing
sulphate of alumina, -- used in the manufacture of alum.
 -- Bituminous slate (Min.), a soft species of sectile clay slate,
impregnated with bitumen.
 -- Hornblende slate (Min.), a slaty rock, consisting essentially of
hornblende and feldspar, useful for flagging on account of its
toughness.
 -- Slate ax or axe, a mattock with an ax end, used in shaping slates
for roofs, and making holes in them for the nails.
 -- Slate clay (Geol.), an indurated clay, forming one of the
alternating beds of the coal measures, consisting of an infusible
compound of alumina and silica, and often used for making fire
bricks. Tomlinson.
 -- Slate globe, a globe the surface of which is made of an
artificial slatelike material.
 -- Slate pencil, a pencil of slate, or of soapstone, used for
writing on a slate.
 -- Slate rocks (Min.), rocks which split into thin laminæ, not
necessarily parallel to the stratification; foliated rocks.
 -- Slate spar (Min.), a variety of calcite of silvery white luster
and of a slaty structure.
 -- Transparent slate, a plate of translucent material, as ground
glass, upon which a copy of a picture, placed beneath it, can be made
by tracing.

SLATE
Slate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slated; p. pr. & vb. n. Slating.]

1. To cover with slate, or with a substance resembling slate; as, to
slate a roof; to slate a globe.

2. To register (as on a slate and subject to revision), for an
appointment. [Polit. Cant]

SLATE
Slate, v. t. Etym: [Cf. AS. slæting a privilege of hunting.]

Defn: To set a dog upon; to bait; to slat. See 2d Slat, 3. [Prov.
Eng. & Scot.] [Written also slete.] Ray.

SLATE-COLOR
Slate"-col`or.

Defn: A dark bluish gray color.

SLATE-GRAY
Slate"-gray`, a.

Defn: Of a dark gray, like slate.

SLATER
Slat"er, n.

Defn: One who lays slates, or whose occupation is to slate buildings.

SLATER
Slat"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any terrestrial isopod crustacean of the genus Porcellio and
allied genera; a sow bug.

SLATING
Slat"ing, n.

1. The act of covering with slate, slates, or a substance resembling
slate; the work of a slater.

2. Slates, collectively; also, material for slating.

SLATT
Slatt, n. Etym: [See Slat a strip of board.]

Defn: A slab of stone used as a veneer for coarse masonry. Knight.

SLATTER
Slat"ter, v. i. Etym: [E. slat to throw or dash about.]

Defn: To be careless, negligent, or aswkward, esp. with regard to
dress and neatness; to be wasteful. Ray.

SLATTERN
Slat"tern, n.

Defn: A woman who is negligent of her dress or house; one who is not
neat and nice.

SLATTERN
Slat"tern, a.

Defn: Resembling a slattern; sluttish; slatterny. "The slattern air."
Gay.

SLATTERN
Slat"tern, v. t.

Defn: To consume carelessly or wastefully; to waste; -- with away.
[R.] Chesterfield.

SLATTERNLINESS
Slat"tern*li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being slatternly; slovenliness;
untidiness.

SLATTERNLY
Slat"tern*ly, a.

Defn: Resembling a slattern; sluttish; negligent; dirty.
 -- adv.

Defn: In a slatternly manner.

SLATTERPOUCH
Slat"ter*pouch`, n.

Defn: A dance or game played by boys, requiring active exercise.
[Obs.] Gayton.

SLATTING
Slat"ting,

Defn: Slats, collectively.

SLATTING
Slat"ting, n.

Defn: The violent shaking or flapping of anything hanging loose in
the wind, as of a sail, when being hauled down.

SLATY
Slat"y, a. Etym: [From Slate.]

Defn: Resembling slate; having the nature, appearance, or properties,
of slate; composed of thin parallel plates, capable of being
separated by splitting; as, a slaty color or texture. Slaty cleavage
(Min.), cleavage, as of rocks, into thin leaves or plates, like those
of slate; -- applied especially to those cases in which the planes of
cleavage are not parallel to the planes of stratification. It is now
believed to be caused by the compression which the strata have
undergone.
 -- Slaty gneiss (Min.), a variety of gneiss in which the scales of
mica or crystals of hornblende, which are usually minute, form thin
laminæ, rendering the rock easily cleavable.

SLAUGHTER
Slaugh"ter, n. Etym: [OE. slautir, slaughter, slaghter, Icel. slatr
slain flesh, modified by OE. slaught, slaht, slaughter, fr. AS.
sleaht a stroke, blow; both from the root of E. slay. See Slay, v.
t., and cf. Onslaught.]

Defn: The act of killing. Specifically:
(a) The extensive, violent, bloody, or wanton destruction of life;
carnage.
On war and mutual slaughter bent. Milton.

(b) The act of killing cattle or other beasts for market.

Syn.
 -- Carnage; massacre; butchery; murder; havoc.

SLAUGHTER
Slaugh"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slaughtered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Slaughtering.]

1. To visit with great destruction of life; to kill; to slay in
battle.
Your castle is surprised; your wife and babes Savagely slaughtered.
Shak.

2. To butcher; to kill for the market, as beasts.

SLAUGHTERER
Slaugh"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who slaughters.

SLAUGHTERHOUSE
Slaugh"ter*house`, n.

Defn: A house where beasts are butchered for the market.

SLAUGHTERMAN
Slaugh"ter*man, n.; pl. Slaughtermen (.

Defn: One employed in slaughtering. Shak.

SLAUGHTEROUS
Slaugh"ter*ous, a.

Defn: Destructive; murderous. Shak. M. Arnold.
 -- Slaugh"ter*ous*ly, adv.

SLAV
Slav, n.;pl. Slavs. Etym: [A word originally meaning, intelligible,
and used to contrast the people so called with foreigners who spoke
languages unintelligible to the Slavs; akin to OSlav. slovo a word,
slava fame, Skr. çru to hear. Cf. Loud.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of a race of people occupying a large part of Eastern and
Northern Europe, including the Russians, Bulgarians, Roumanians,
Servo-Croats, Slovenes, Poles, Czechs, Wends or Sorbs, Slovaks, etc.
[Written also Slave, and Sclav.]

SLAVE
Slave, n.

Defn: See Slav.

SLAVE
Slave, n. Etym: [Cf. F. esclave, D. slaaf, Dan. slave, sclave, Sw.
slaf, all fr. G. sklave, MHG. also slave, from the national name of
the Slavonians, or Sclavonians (in LL. Slavi or Sclavi), who were
frequently made slaves by the Germans. See Slav.]

1. A person who is held in bondage to another; one who is wholly
subject to the will of another; one who is held as a chattel; one who
has no freedom of action, but whose person and services are wholly
under the control of another.
thou our slave, Our captive, at the public mill our drudge Milton.

2. One who has lost the power of resistance; one who surrenders
himself to any power whatever; as, a slave to passion, to lust, to
strong drink, to ambition.

3. A drudge; one who labors like a slave.

4. An abject person; a wretch. Shak. Slave ant (Zoöl.), any species
of ants which is captured and enslaved by another species, especially
Formica fusca of Europe and America, which is commonly enslaved by
Formica sanguinea.
 -- Slave catcher, one who attempted to catch and bring back a
fugitive slave to his master.
 -- Slave coast, part of the western coast of Africa to which slaves
were brought to be sold to foreigners.
 -- Slave driver, one who superintends slaves at their work; hence,
figuratively, a cruel taskmaster.
 -- Slave hunt. (a) A search after persons in order to reduce them to
slavery. Barth. (b) A search after fugitive slaves, often conducted
with bloodhounds.
 -- Slave ship, a vessel employed in the slave trade or used for
transporting slaves; a slaver.
 -- Slave trade, the busines of dealing in slaves, especially of
buying them for transportation from their homes to be sold elsewhere.
 -- Slave trader, one who traffics in slaves.

Syn.
 -- Bond servant; bondman; bondslave; captive; henchman; vassal;
dependent; drudge. See Serf.

SLAVE
Slave, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Slaved; p. pr. & vb. n. Slaving.]

Defn: To drudge; to toil; to labor as a slave.

SLAVE
Slave, v. t.

Defn: To enslave. Marston.

SLAVEBORN
Slave"born`, a.

Defn: Born in slavery.

SLAVEHOLDER
Slave"hold`er, n.

Defn: One who holds slaves.

SLAVEHOLDING
Slave"hold`ing, a.

Defn: Holding persons in slavery.

SLAVEOCRACY
Slave*oc"ra*cy, n.

Defn: See Slavocracy.

SLAVER
Slav"er, n.

1. A vessel engaged in the slave trade; a slave ship.

2. A person engaged in the purchase and sale of slaves; a slave
merchant, or slave trader.
The slaver's hand was on the latch, He seemed in haste to go.
Longfellow.

SLAVER
Slav"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Slavered; p. pr. & vb. n. Slavering.]
Etym: [Cf. Icel. slafra. See Slabber.]

1. To suffer spittle, etc., to run from the mouth.

2. To be besmeared with saliva. Shak.

SLAVER
Slav"er, v. t.

Defn: To smear with saliva issuing from the mouth; to defile with
drivel; to slabber.

SLAVER
Slav"er, n.

Defn: Saliva driveling from the mouth.
Of all mad creatures, if the learned are right, It is the slaver
kills, and not the bite. Pope.

SLAVERER
Slav"er*er, n.

Defn: A driveler; an idiot.

SLAVERING
Slav"er*ing, a.

Defn: Drooling; defiling with saliva.
 -- Slav"er*ing*ly, adv.

SLAVERY
Slav"er*y, n.; pl. Slaveries. Etym: [See 2d Slave.]

1. The condition of a slave; the state of entire subjection of one
person to the will of another.
Disguise thyself as thou wilt, still, slavery, said I, still thou art
a bitter draught! Sterne.
I wish, from my soul, that the legislature of this state [Virginia]
could see the policy of a gradual abolition of slavery. It might
prevent much future mischief. Washington.

2. A condition of subjection or submission characterized by lack of
freedom of action or of will.
The vulgar slaveries rich men submit to. C. Lever.
There is a slavery that no legislation can abolish, -- the slavery of
caste. G. W. Cable.

3. The holding of slaves.

Syn.
 -- Bondage; servitude; inthrallment; enslavement; captivity; bond
service; vassalage.

SLAVEY
Slav"ey, n.

Defn: A maidservant. [Colloq. & Jocose Eng.]

SLAVIC
Slav"ic, a.

Defn: Slavonic.
 -- n.

Defn: The group of allied languages spoken by the Slavs.

SLAVISH
Slav"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to slaves; such as becomes or befits a slave;
servile; excessively laborious; as, a slavish life; a slavish
dependance on the great.
 -- Slav"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Slav"ish*ness, n.

SLAVISM
Slav"ism, n.

Defn: The common feeling and interest of the Slavonic race.

SLAVOCRACY
Slav*oc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Slave + -cracy, as in democracy.]

Defn: The persons or interest formerly representing slavery
politically, or wielding political power for the preservation or
advancement of slavery. [U. S.]

SLAVONIAN; SLAVONIC
Sla*vo"ni*an, Sla*von"ic, a.

1. Of or pertaining to Slavonia, or its inhabitants.

2. Of or pertaining to the Slavs, or their language.

SLAVONIAN
Sla*vo"ni*an, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Slavonia; ethnologically, a Slav.

SLAVOPHIL; SLAVOPHILE
Slav"o*phil, Slav"o*phile, n. Etym: [Slavic + Gr.

Defn: One, not being a Slav, who is interested in the development and
prosperity of that race.

SLAW
Slaw, n. Etym: [D. sla, contr. fr. salade, OD. salaet, salad. See
Salad.]

Defn: Sliced cabbage served as a salad, cooked or uncooked.

SLAW; SLAWEN
Slaw, Slaw"en, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Slee, to slay.
With a sword drawn out he would have slaw himself. Wyclif (Acts xvi.
27.)

SLAY
Slay, v. t. [imp. Slew; p. p. Slain; p. pr. & vb. n. Slaying.] Etym:
[OE. slan, sl, sleen, slee, AS. sleán to strike, beat, slay; akin to
OFries. sla, D. slaan, OS. & OHG. slahan, G. schlagen, Icel. sla,
Dan. slaae, Sw. sl, Goth. slahan; perhaps akin to L. lacerare to tear
to pieces, Gr. lacerate. Cf. Slaughter, Sledge a hammer, Sley.]

Defn: To put to death with a weapon, or by violence; hence, to kill;
to put an end to; to destroy.
With this sword then will I slay you both. Chaucer.
I will slay the last of them with the sword. Amos ix. 1.
I'll slay more gazers than the basilisk. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To kill; murder; slaughter; butcher.

SLAYER
Slay"er, n.

Defn: One who slays; a killer; a murderer; a destrroyer of life.

SLAZY
Sla"zy, a.

Defn: See Sleazy.

SLE
Sle, v. t.

Defn: To slay. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SLEAVE
Sleave, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. slöif, a knot loop, Sw. slejf, G. schleife
a knot, silding knot, and E. slip, v.i.]
(a) The knotted or entangled part of silk or thread.
(b) Silk not yet twisted; floss; -- called also sleave silk.
Sleep that knits up the ravell'd sleave of care. Shak.

SLEAVE
Sleave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sleaved; p. pr. & vb. n. Sleaving.]

Defn: To separate, as threads; to divide, as a collection of threads;
to sley; -- a weaver's term.

SLEAVED
Sleaved, a.

Defn: Raw; not spun or wrought; as, sleaved thread or silk.
Holinshed.

SLEAZINESS
Slea"zi*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being sleazy.

SLEAZY
Slea"zy, a. Etym: [Cf. G. schleissig worn out, threadbare, from
schleissen to slit, split, decay, or E. leasy.]

Defn: Wanting firmness of texture or substance; thin; flimsy; as,
sleazy silk or muslin. [Spelt also slazy.]

SLED
Sled, n. Etym: [Akin to D. slede, G. schlitten, OHG. slito, Icel.
sle, Sw. släde, Dan. sl, and E. slide, v. See Slide, and cf. Sledge a
vehicle, Sleigh.]

1. A vehicle on runners, used for conveying loads over the snow or
ice; -- in England called sledge.

2. A small, light vehicle with runners, used, mostly by young
persons, for sliding on snow or ice.

SLED
Sled, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sledded; p. pr. & vb. n. Sledding.]

Defn: To convey or transport on a sled; as, to sled wood or timber.

SLEDDING
Sled"ding, n.

1. The act of transporting or riding on a sled.

2. The state of the snow which admits of the running of sleds; as,
the sledding is good.

SLEDGE
Sledge, n. Etym: [Perhaps from sleds, pl. of sled, confused with
sledge a hammer. See Sled, n.]

1. A strong vehicle with low runners or low wheels; or one without
wheels or runners, made of plank slightly turned up at one end, used
for transporting loads upon the snow, ice, or bare ground; a sled.

2. A hurdle on which, formerly, traitors were drawn to the place of
execution. [Eng.] Sir W. Scott.

3. A sleigh. [Eng.]

4. A game at cards; -- called also old sledge, and all fours.

SLEDGE
Sledge, v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Sledged; p. pr. & vb. n. Sledging.]

Defn: To travel or convey in a sledge or sledges. Howitt.

SLEDGE
Sledge, n. Etym: [AS. slecge,from sleán to strike, beat. See Slay, v.
t.]

Defn: A large, heavy hammer, usually wielded with both hands; --
called also sledge hammer.
With his heavy sledge he can it beat. Spenser.

SLEE
Slee, v. t. Etym: [See Slay.]

Defn: To slay. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SLEEK
Sleek, a. [Compar. Sleeker; superl. Sleekest.] Etym: [OE. slik; akin
to Icel. slikr, and OE. sliken to glide, slide, G. schleichen, OHG.
slihhan, D. slik, slijk, mud, slime, and E. slink. Cf. Slick, Slink.]

1. Having an even, smooth surface; smooth; hence, glossy; as, sleek
hair. Chaucer.
So sleek her skin, so faultless was her make. Dryden.

2. Not rough or harsh.
Those rugged names to our like mouths grow sleek. Milton.

SLEEK
Sleek, adv.

Defn: With ease and dexterity. [Low]

SLEEK
Sleek, n.

Defn: That which makes smooth; varnish. [R.]

SLEEK
Sleek, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sleeked;p. pr. & vb. n. Sleeking.]

Defn: To make even and smooth; to render smooth, soft, and glossy; to
smooth over.
Sleeking her soft alluring locks. Milton.
Gentle, my lord, sleek o'er your rugged looks. Shak.

SLEEKLY
Sleek"ly, adv.

Defn: In a sleek manner; smoothly.

SLEEKNESS
Sleek"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sleek; smoothness and glossiness
of surface.

SLEEKY
Sleek"y, a.

1. Of a sleek, or smooth, and glossy appearance. Thomson.

2. Fawning and deceitful; sly. [Scot.]

SLEEP
Sleep, obs.

Defn: imp. of Sleep. Slept. Chaucer.

SLEEP
Sleep, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Slept; p. pr. & vb. n. Sleeping.] Etym:
[OE. slepen, AS. sl; akin to OFries. sl, OS. slapan, D. slapen, OHG.
slafan, G. schlafen, Goth. sl, and G. schlaff slack, loose, and L.
labi to glide, slide, labare to totter. Cf. Lapse.]

1. To take rest by a suspension of the voluntary exercise of the
powers of the body and mind, and an apathy of the organs of sense; to
slumber. Chaucer.
Watching at the head of these that sleep. Milton.

2. Figuratively:
(a) To be careless, inattentive, or uncouncerned; not to be vigilant;
to live thoughtlessly.
We sleep over our happiness. Atterbury.

(b) To be dead; to lie in the grave.
Them also which sleep in Jesus will God bring with him. 1 Thess. iv.
14.

(c) To be, or appear to be, in repose; to be quiet; to be unemployed,
unused, or unagitated; to rest; to lie dormant; as, a question sleeps
for the present; the law sleeps.
How sweet the moonlight sleep upon this bank! Shak.

SLEEP
Sleep, v. t.

1. To be slumbering in; -- followed by a cognate object; as, to sleep
a dreamless sleep. Tennyson.

2. To give sleep to; to furnish with accomodations for sleeping; to
lodge. [R.] Blackw. Mag. To sleep away, to spend in sleep; as, to
sleep away precious time.
 -- To sleep off, to become free from by sleep; as, to sleep off
drunkeness or fatigue.

SLEEP
Sleep, n. Etym: [AS. sl; akin to OFries. sl, OS. slap, D. slaap, OHG.
slaf, G. schlaf, Goth. sl. See Sleep, v. i.]

Defn: A natural and healthy, but temporary and periodical, suspension
of the functions of the organs of sense, as well as of those of the
voluntary and rational soul; that state of the animal in which there
is a lessened acuteness of sensory perception, a confusion of ideas,
and a loss of mental control, followed by a more or less unconscious
state. "A man that waketh of his sleep." Chaucer.
O sleep, thou ape of death. Shak.

Note: Sleep is attended by a relaxation of the muscles, and the
absence of voluntary activity for any rational objects or purpose.
The pulse is slower, the respiratory movements fewer in number but
more profound, and there is less blood in the cerebral vessels. It is
susceptible of greater or less intensity or completeness in its
control of the powers. Sleep of plants (Bot.), a state of plants,
usually at night, when their leaflets approach each other, and the
flowers close and droop, or are covered by the folded leaves.

Syn.
 -- Slumber; repose; rest; nap; doze; drowse.

SLEEP-AT-NOON
Sleep"-at-noon", n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Tragopogon pratensis) which closes its flowers at
midday; a kind of goat's beard. Dr. Prior.

SLEEP-CHARGED
Sleep"-charged`, a.

Defn: Heavy with sleep.

SLEEPER
Sleep"er, n.

1. One who sleeps; a slumberer; hence, a drone, or lazy person.

2. That which lies dormant, as a law. [Obs.] Bacon.

3. A sleeping car. [Colloq. U.S.]

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal that hibernates, as the bear.

5. (Zoöl.)
(a) A large fresh-water gobioid fish (Eleotris dormatrix).
(b) A nurse shark. See under Nurse.

SLEEPER
Sleep"er, n. Etym: [Cf. Norw. sleip a sleeper (a timber), as adj.,
slippery, smooth. See Slape.]

Defn: Something lying in a reclining posture or position.
Specifically: --
(a) One of the pieces of timber, stone, or iron, on or near the level
of the ground, for the support of some superstructure, to steady
framework, to keep in place the rails of a railway, etc.; a
stringpiece.
(b) One of the joists, or roughly shaped timbers, laid directly upon
the ground, to receive the flooring of the ground story. [U.S.]
(c) (Naut.) One of the knees which connect the transoms to the after
timbers on the ship's quarter.
(d) (Naut. ) The lowest, or bottom, tier of casks.

SLEEPFUL
Sleep"ful, a.

Defn: Strongly inclined to sleep; very sleepy.
 -- Sleep"ful*ness, n.

SLEEPILY
Sleep"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sleepy manner; drowsily.

SLEEPINESS
Sleep"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sleepy.

SLEEPING
Sleep"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Sleep. Sleeping car, a railway car or carrriage, arranged
with apartments and berths for sleeping.
 -- Sleeping partner (Com.), a dormant partner. See under Dormant.
 -- Sleeping table (Mining), a stationary inclined platform on which
pulverized ore is washed; a kind of buddle.

SLEEPISH
Sleep"ish, a.

Defn: Disposed to sleep; sleepy; drowsy.
Your sleepish, and more than sleepish, security. Ford.

SLEEPLESS
Sleep"less, a.

1. Having no sleep; wakeful.

2. Having no rest; perpetually agitated. "Biscay's sleepless bay."
Byron.
 -- Sleep"less*ly, adv.
 -- Sleep"less*ness, n.

SLEEPMARKEN
Sleep"mark`en, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See 1st Hag, 4.

SLEEPWAKER
Sleep"wak`er, n.

Defn: On in a state of magnetic or mesmeric sleep.

SLEEPWAKING
Sleep"wak`ing, n.

Defn: The state of one mesmerized, or in a partial and morbid sleep.

SLEEPWALKER
Sleep"walk`er, n.

Defn: One who walks in his sleep; a somnambulist.

SLEEPWALKING
Sleep"walk`ing, n.

Defn: Walking in one's sleep.

SLEEPY
Sleep"y, a. [Compar. Sleepier; superl. Sleepiest.] Etym: [AS. sl. See
Sleep, n.]

1. Drowsy; inclined to, or overcome by, sleep. Shak.
She waked her sleepy crew. Dryden.

2. Tending to induce sleep; soporiferous; somniferous; as, a sleepy
drink or potion. Chaucer.

3. Dull; lazy; heavy; sluggish. Shak.
'Tis not sleepy business; But must be looked to speedily and
strongly. Shak.

4. Characterized by an absence of watchfulness; as, sleepy security.
Sleepy duck (Zoöl.), the ruddy duck.

SLEEPYHEAD
Sleep"y*head`, n.

1. A sleepy person.
To bed, to bed, says Sleepyhead. Mother Goose.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ruddy duck.

SLEER
Sle"er, n.

Defn: A slayer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SLEET
Sleet, n. (Gun.)

Defn: The part of a mortar extending from the chamber to the
trunnions.

SLEET
Sleet, n. Etym: [OE. sleet; akin to MHG. sl, sl hailstone, G.
schlosse; of uncertain origin.]

Defn: Hail or snow, mingled with rain, usually falling, or driven by
the wind, in fine particles.

SLEET
Sleet, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sleeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sleeting.]

Defn: To snow or hail with a mixture of rain.

SLEETCH
Sleetch, n. Etym: [Cf. Slush, Slutch.]

Defn: Mud or slime, such as that at the bottom of rivers. [Scot.]

SLEETINESS
Sleet"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being sleety.

SLEETY
Sleet"y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to sleet; characterized by sleet; as, a sleety
storm; sleety weather.

SLEEVE
Sleeve, n.

Defn: See Sleave, untwisted thread.

SLEEVE
Sleeve, n. Etym: [OE. sleeve, sleve, AS. sl, sl; akin to sl to put
on, to clothe; cf. OD. sloove the turning up of anything, sloven to
turn up one's sleeves, sleve a sleeve, G. schlaube a husk, pod.]

1. The part of a garment which covers the arm; as, the sleeve of a
coat or a gown. Chaucer.

2. A narrow channel of water. [R.]
The Celtic Sea, called oftentimes the Sleeve. Drayton.

3. (Mach.)
(a) A tubular part made to cover, sustain, or steady another part, or
to form a connection between two parts.
(b) A long bushing or thimble, as in the nave of a wheel.
(c) A short piece of pipe used for covering a joint, or forming a
joint between the ends of two other pipes. Sleeve button, a
detachable button to fasten the wristband or cuff.
 -- Sleeve links, two bars or buttons linked together, and used to
fasten a cuff or wristband.
 -- To laugh in the sleeve, to laugh privately or unperceived,
especially while apparently preserving a grave or serious demeanor
toward the person or persons laughed at; that is, perhaps,
originally, by hiding the face in the wide sleeves of former times.
 -- To pin, or hang, on the sleeve of, to be, or make, dependent
upon.

SLEEVE
Sleeve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sleeved; p. pr. & vb. n. Sleeving.]

Defn: To furnish with sleeves; to put sleeves into; as, to sleeve a
coat.

SLEEVED
Sleeved, a.

Defn: Having sleeves; furnished with sleeves; -- often in
composition; as, long-sleeved.

SLEEVEFISH
Sleeve"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A squid.

SLEEVEHAND
Sleeve"hand`, n.

Defn: The part of a sleeve nearest the hand; a cuff or wristband.
[Obs.] Shak.

SLEEVELESS
Sleeve"less, a. Etym: [AS. sl.]

1. Having no sleeves.

2. Wanting a cover, pretext, or palliation; unreasonable; profitless;
bootless; useless. [Obs.] Shak.
The vexation of a sleeveless errand. Bp. Warburton.

SLEID
Sleid, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sleided; p. pr. & vb. n. Sleiding.] Etym:
[See Sley.]

Defn: To sley, or prepare for use in the weaver's sley, or slaie.
Shak.

SLEIGH
Sleigh, a.

Defn: Sly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SLEIGH
Sleigh, n. Etym: [Cf. D. & LG. slede, slee, Icel. sle. See Sled.]

Defn: A vehicle moved on runners, and used for transporting persons
or goods on snow or ice; -- in England commonly called a sledge.
Sleigh bell, a small bell attached either to a horse when drawing a
slegh, or to the sleigh itself; especially a globular bell with a
loose ball which plays inside instead of a clapper.

SLEIGHING
Sleigh"ing, n.

1. The act of riding in a sleigh.

2. The state of the snow or ice which admits of running sleighs.

SLEIGHT
Sleight, n. Etym: [OE. sleighte, sleihte, sleithe, Icel. sl (for sl)
slyness, cunning, fr. sl (for sl) sly, cunning. See Sly.]

1. Cunning; craft; artful practice. [Obs.] "His sleight and his
covin." Chaucer.

2. An artful trick; sly artifice; a feat so dexterous that the manner
of performance escapes observation.
The world hath many subtle sleights. Latimer.

3. Dexterous practice; dexterity; skill. Chaucer. "The juggler's
sleight." Hudibras. Sleight of hand, legerdemain; prestidigitation.

SLEIGHTFUL
Sleight"ful, a.

Defn: Cunning; dexterous. [Obs.]

SLEIGHTLY
Sleight"ly, adv.

Defn: Cunningly. [Obs.] Huloet.

SLEIGHTY
Sleight"y, a.

Defn: Cunning; sly. [Obs.] Huloet.

SLENDER
Slen"der, a. [Compar. Slenderer; superl. Slenderest.] Etym: [OE.
slendre, sclendre, fr. OD. slinder thin, slender, perhaps through a
French form; cf. OD. slinderen, slidderen, to creep; perh. akin to E.
slide.]

1. Small or narrow in proportion to the length or the height; not
thick; slim; as, a slender stem or stalk of a plant. "A slender,
choleric man." Chaucer.
She, as a veil down to the slender waist, Her unadorned golden
tresses wore. Milton.

2. Weak; feeble; not strong; slight; as, slender hope; a slender
constitution.
Mighty hearts are held in slender chains. Pope.
They have inferred much from slender premises. J. H. Newman.
The slender utterance of the consonants. J. Byrne.

3. Moderate; trivial; inconsiderable; slight; as, a man of slender
intelligence.
A slender degree of patience will enable him to enjoy both the humor
and the pathos. Sir W. Scott.

4. Small; inadequate; meager; pitiful; as, slender means of support;
a slender pittance.
Frequent begging makes slender alms. Fuller.

5. Spare; abstemious; frugal; as, a slender diet.
The good Ostorius often deigned To grace my slender table with his
presence. Philips.

6. (Phon.)

Defn: Uttered with a thin tone; -- the opposite of broad; as, the
slender vowels long e and i.
 -- Slen"der*ly, adv.
 -- Slen"der*ness, n.

SLENT
Slent, n. & v.

Defn: See Slant. [Obs.]

SLEP
Slep, obs.

Defn: imp. of Sleep. Slept. Chaucer.

SLEPEZ
Sle*pez", n. Etym: [Russ. sliepets'.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A burrowing rodent (Spalax typhlus), native of Russia and Asia
Minor. It has the general appearance of a mole, and is destitute of
eyes. Called also mole rat.

SLEPT
Slept,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Sleep.

SLEUTH
Sleuth, n. Etym: [Icel. sloedh. See Slot a track.]

Defn: The track of man or beast as followed by the scent. [Scot.]
Halliwell.

SLEUTHHOUND
Sleuth"hound`, n. Etym: [See Sleuth, and cf. Slothound.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hound that tracks animals by the scent; specifically, a
bloodhound. [Spelt variously slouthhound, sluthhound, etc.]

SLEW
Slew,

Defn: imp. of Slay.

SLEW
Slew, v. t.

Defn: See Slue.

SLEWED
Slewed, a.

Defn: Somewhat drunk. [Slang]

SLEWTH
Slewth, n.

Defn: Sloth; idleness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SLEY
Sley, n. Etym: [AS. sl, fr. sleán to strike. See Slay, v. t.]

1. A weaver's reed. [Spelt also slaie.]

2. A guideway in a knitting machine. Knight.

SLEY
Sley, v. t.

Defn: To separate or part the threads of, and arrange them in a reed;
-- a term used by weavers. See Sleave, and Sleid.

SLIBBER
Slib"ber, a.

Defn: Slippery. [Obs.] Holland.

SLICE
Slice, n. Etym: [OE. slice, sclice, OF. esclice, from esclicier,
esclichier, to break to pieces, of German origin; cf. OHG. slizan to
split, slit, tear, G. schleissen to slit. See Slit, v. t.]

1. A thin, broad piece cut off; as, a slice of bacon; a slice of
cheese; a slice of bread.

2. That which is thin and broad, like a slice. Specifically:
(a) A broad, thin piece of plaster.
(b) A salver, platter, or tray. [Obs.]
(c) A knife with a thin, broad blade for taking up or serving fish;
also, a spatula for spreading anything, as paint or ink.
(d) A plate of iron with a handle, forming a kind of chisel, or a
spadelike implement, variously proportioned, and used for various
purposes, as for stripping the planking from a vessel's side, for
cutting blubber from a whale, or for stirring a fire of coals; a
slice bar; a peel; a fire shovel. [Cant]
(e) (Shipbuilding) One of the wedges by which the cradle and the ship
are lifted clear of the building blocks to prepare for launching.
(f) (Printing) A removable sliding bottom to galley. Slice bar, a
kind of fire iron resembling a poker, with a broad, flat end, for
stirring a fire of coals, and clearing it and the grate bars from
clinkers, ashes, etc.; a slice.

SLICE
Slice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sliced; p. pr. & vb. n. Slicing.]

1. To cut into thin pieces, or to cut off a thin, broad piece from.

2. To cut into parts; to divide.

3. To clear by means of a slice bar, as a fire or the grate bars of a
furnace.

SLICER
Sli"cer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, slices; specifically, the circular saw
of the lapidary.

SLICH; SLICK
Slich, Slick, n. (Metal.)

Defn: See Schlich.

SLICK
Slick, a. Etym: [See Sleek.]

Defn: Sleek; smooth. "Both slick and dainty." Chapman.

SLICK
Slick, v. t.

Defn: To make sleek or smoth. "Slicked all with sweet oil." Chapman.

SLICK
Slick, n. (Joinery)

Defn: A wide paring chisel.

SLICKEN
Slick"en, a.

Defn: Sleek; smooth. [Prov. Eng.]

SLICKENS
Slick"ens, n. Etym: [Cf. Slick, n.] (Mining)

Defn: The pulverized matter from a quartz mill, or the lighter soil
of hydraulic mines. [Local, U. S.]

SLICKENSIDES
Slick"en*sides`, n.

1. The smooth, striated, or partially polished surfaces of a fissure
or seam, supposed to have been produced by the sliding of one surface
on another.

2. A variety of galena found in Derbyshire, England.

SLICKER
Slick"er, n.

Defn: That which makes smooth or sleek. Specifically:
(a) A kind of burnisher for leather.
(b) (Founding) A curved tool for smoothing the surfaces of a mold
after the withdrawal of the pattern.

SLICKER
Slick"er, n.

Defn: A waterproof coat. [Western U.S.]

SLICKING
Slick"ing, n.

1. The act or process of smoothing.

2. pl. (Min.)

Defn: Narrow veins of ore.

SLICKNESS
Slick"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being slick; smoothness; sleekness.

SLID
Slid,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Slide.

SLIDDEN
Slid"den,

Defn: p. p. of Slide.

SLIDDER
Slid"der, v. t. Etym: [AS. sliderian. See Slide, v. t.]

Defn: To slide with interruption. [Obs.] Dryden.

SLIDDER; SLIDDERLY; SLIDDERY
Slid"der, Slid"der*ly, Slid"der*y, a. Etym: [AS. slidor. See Slide,
v. t.]

Defn: Slippery. [Obs.]
To a drunk man the way is slidder. Chaucer.

SLIDE
Slide, v. t. [imp. Slid; p. p. Slidden, Slid; p. pr. & vb. n.
Slidding.] Etym: [OE. sliden, AS. slidan; akin to MHG. sliten, also
to AS. slidor slippery, E. sled, Lith. slidus slippery. Cf. Sled.]

1. To move along the surface of any body by slipping, or without
walking or rolling; to slip; to glide; as, snow slides down the
mountain's side.

2. Especially, to move over snow or ice with a smooth, uninterrupted
motion, as on a sled moving by the force of gravity, or on the feet.
They bathe in summer, and in winter slide. Waller.

3. To pass inadvertently.
Beware thou slide not by it. Ecclus. xxviii. 26.

4. To pass along smoothly or unobservedly; to move gently onward
without friction or hindrance; as, a ship or boat slides through the
water.
Ages shall slide away without perceiving. Dryden.
Parts answering parts shall slide into a whole. Pope.

5. To slip when walking or standing; to fall.
Their foot shall slide in due time. Deut. xxxii. 35.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: To pass from one note to another with no perceptible cassation
of sound.

7. To pass out of one's thought as not being of any consequence.
[Obs. or Colloq.]
With good hope let he sorrow slide. Chaucer.
With a calm carelessness letting everything slide. Sir P. Sidney.

SLIDE
Slide, v. t.

1. To cause to slide; to thrust along; as, to slide one piece of
timber along another.

2. To pass or put imperceptibly; to slip; as, to slide in a word to
vary the sense of a question.

SLIDE
Slide, n. Etym: [AS. slide.]

1. The act of sliding; as, a slide on the ice.

2. Smooth, even passage or progress.
A better slide into their business. Bacon.

3. That on which anything moves by sliding. Specifically:
(a) An inclined plane on which heavy bodies slide by the force of
gravity, esp. one constructed on a mountain side for conveying logs
by sliding them down.
(b) A surface of ice or snow on which children slide for amusement.

4. That which operates by sliding. Specifically:
(a) A cover which opens or closes an aperture by sliding over it.
(b) (Mach.) A moving piece which is guided by a part or parts along
which it slides.
(c) A clasp or brooch for a belt, or the like.

5. A plate or slip of glass on which is a picture or delineation to
be exhibited by means of a magic lantern, stereopticon, or the like;
a plate on which is an object to be examined with a microscope.

6. The descent of a mass of earth, rock, or snow down a hill or
mountain side; as, a land slide, or a snow slide; also, the track of
bare rock left by a land slide.

7. (Geol.)

Defn: A small dislocation in beds of rock along a line of fissure.
Dana.

8. (Mus.)
(a) A grace consisting of two or more small notes moving by conjoint
degrees, and leading to a principal note either above or below.
(b) An apparatus in the trumpet and trombone by which the sounding
tube is lengthened and shortened so as to produce the tones between
the fundamental and its harmonics.

9. (Phonetics)

Defn: A sound which, by a gradual change in the position of the vocal
organs, passes imperceptibly into another sound.

10. (Steam Engine)
(a) Same as Guide bar, under Guide.
(b) A slide valve. Slide box (Steam Engine), a steam chest. See under
Steam.
 -- Slide lathe, an engine lathe. See under Lathe.
 -- Slide rail, a transfer table. See under Transfer.
 -- Slide rest (Turning lathes), a contrivance for holding, moving,
and guiding, the cutting tool, made to slide on ways or guides by
screws or otherwise, and having compound motion.
 -- Slide rule, a mathematical instrument consisting of two parts,
one of which slides upon the other, for the mechanical performance of
addition and subtraction, and, by means of logarithmic scales, of
multiplication and division.
 -- Slide valve. (a) Any valve which opens and closes a passageway by
sliding over a port. (b) A particular kind of sliding valve, often
used in steam engines for admitting steam to the piston and releasing
it, alternately, having a cuplike cavity in its face, through which
the exhaust steam passes. It is situated in the steam chest, and
moved by the valve gear. It is sometimes called a D valve, -- a name
which is also applied to a semicylindrical pipe used as a sliding
valve. In the illustration, a is the cylinder of a steam engine, in
which plays the piston p; b the steam chest, receiving its supply
from the pipe i, and containing the slide valve s, which is shown as
admitting steam to one end of the cylinder through the port e, and
opening communication between the exhaust passage f and the port c,
for the release of steam from the opposite end of the cylinder.

SLIDEGROAT
Slide"groat, n.

Defn: The game of shovelboard. [Obs.]

SLIDER
Slid"er, a.

Defn: See Slidder. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SLIDER
Slid"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, slides; especially, a sliding part of an
instrument or machine.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The red-bellied terrapin (Pseudemys rugosa). [Local, U. S. ]
Slider pump, a form of rotary pump.

SLIDEWAY
Slide"way`, n.

Defn: A way along which something slides.

SLIDING
Slid"ing, a.

1. That slides or slips; gliding; moving smoothly.

2. Slippery; elusory. [Obs.]
That sliding science hath me made so bare. Chaucer.
Sliding friction (Mech.), the resistance one body meets with in
sliding along the surface of another, as distinguished from rolling
friction.
 -- Sliding gunter (Naut.), a topmast arranged with metallic fittings
so as to be hoisted and lowered by means of halyards.
 -- Sliding keel (Naut), a movable keel, similar to a centeboard.
 -- Sliding pair. (Mech.) See the Note under Pair, n., 7.
 -- Sliding rule. Same as Slide rule, under Slide, n.
 -- Sliding scale. (a) A scale for raising or lowering imposts in
proportion to the fall or rise of prices. (b) A variable scale of
wages or of prices. (c) A slide rule.
 -- Sliding ways (Naut.), the timber guides used in launching a
vessel.

SLIDOMETER
Sli*dom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Slide + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for indicating and recording shocks to railway
cars occasioned by sudden stopping.

SLIGHT
Slight, n.

Defn: Sleight. Spenser.

SLIGHT
Slight, v. t. Etym: [Cf. D. slechten to level, to demolish.]

1. To overthrow; to demolish. [Obs.] Clarendon.

2. To make even or level. [Obs.] Hexham.

3. To throw heedlessly. [Obs.]
The rogue slighted me into the river. Shak.

SLIGHT
Slight, a. [Compar. Slighter; superl. Slightest.] Etym: [OE. sli,
sleght, probably from OD. slicht, slecht, simple, plain, D. slecht;
akin to OFries. sliucht, G. schlecht, schlicht, OHG. sleht smooth,
simple, Icel. sl smooth, Sw. slät, Goth. slaíhts; or uncertain
origin.]

1. Not decidedly marked; not forcible; inconsiderable; unimportant;
insignificant; not severe; weak; gentle; -- applied in a great
variety of circumstances; as, a slight (i. e., feeble) effort; a
slight (i. e., perishable) structure; a slight (i. e., not deep)
impression; a slight (i. e., not convincing) argument; a slight (i.
e., not thorough) examination; slight (i. e., not severe) pain, and
the like. "At one slight bound." Milton.
Slight is the subject, but not so the praise. Pope.
Some firmly embrace doctrines upon slight grounds. Locke.

2. Not stout or heavy; slender.
His own figure, which was formerly so slight. Sir W. Scott.

3. Foolish; silly; weak in intellect. Hudibras.

SLIGHT
Slight, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Slighting.]

Defn: To disregard, as of little value and unworthy of notice; to
make light of; as, to slight the divine commands. Milton.
The wretch who slights the bounty of the skies. Cowper.
To slight off, to treat slightingly; to drive off; to remove. [R.] --
To slight over, to run over in haste; to perform superficially; to
treat carelessly; as, to slight over a theme. "They will but slight
it over." Bacon.

Syn.
 -- To neglect; disregard; disdain; scorn.
 -- Slight, Neglect. To slight is stronger than to neglect. We may
neglect a duty or person from inconsiderateness, or from being over-
occupied in other concerns. To slight is always a positive and
intentional act, resulting from feelings of dislike or contempt. We
ought to put a kind construction on what appears neglect on the part
of a friend; but when he slights us, it is obvious that he is our
friend no longer.
Beware . . . lest the like befall . . . If they transgress and slight
that sole command. Milton.
This my long-sufferance, and my day of grace, Those who neglect and
scorn shall never taste. Milton.

SLIGHT
Slight, n.

Defn: The act of slighting; the manifestation of a moderate degree of
contempt, as by neglect or oversight; neglect; indignity.

Syn.
 -- Neglect; disregard; inattention; contempt; disdain; scorn;
disgrace; indignity; disparagement.

SLIGHT
Slight, adv.

Defn: Slightly. [Obs. or Poetic]
Think not so slight of glory. Milton.

SLIGHTEN
Slight"en, v. t.

Defn: To slight. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SLIGHTER
Slight"er, n.

Defn: One who slights.

SLIGHTFUL
Slight"ful, a.

Defn: See Sleightful. [Obs.]

SLIGHTING
Slight"ing, a.

Defn: Characterized by neglect or disregard.

SLIGHTINGLY
Slight"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a slighting manner.

SLIGHTLY
Slight"ly, adv.

1. In a slight manner.

2. Slightingly; negligently. [Obs.] Shak.

SLIGHTNESS
Slight"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being slight; slenderness; feebleness;
superficiality; also, formerly, negligence; indifference; disregard.

SLIGHTY
Slight"y, a.

Defn: Slight. [Obs.] Echard.

SLIK
Slik, a. Etym: [See Such.]

Defn: Such. [Obs. or Scot.]

Note: Used by Chaucer as of the Northern dialect.

SLIKENSIDES
Slik"en*sides`, n.

Defn: Same as Slickensides.

SLILY
Sli"ly, adv.

Defn: See Slyly. South.

SLIM
Slim, a. [Compar. Slimmer; superl. Slimmest.] Etym: [Formerly, bad,
worthless, weak, slight, awry, fr. D. slim; akin to G. schlimm, MHG.
slimp oblique, awry; of uncertain origin. The meaning of the English
word seems to have been influenced by slender.]

1. Worthless; bad. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

2. Weak; slight; unsubstantial; poor; as, a slim argument. "That was
a slim excuse." Barrow.

3. Of small diameter or thickness in proportion to the height or
length; slender; as, a slim person; a slim tree. Grose.

SLIME
Slime, n. Etym: [OE. slim, AS. slim; akin to D. slijm, G. schleim,
MHG. slimen to make smooth, Icel. slim slime, Dan. sliim; cf. L.
limare to file, polish, levis smooth, Gr. limus mud.]

1. Soft, moist earth or clay, having an adhesive quality; viscous
mud.
As it [Nilus] ebbs, the seedsman Upon the slime and ooze scatters his
grain. Shak.

2. Any mucilaginous substance; any substance of a dirty nature, that
is moist, soft, and adhesive.

3. (Script.)

Defn: Bitumen. [Archaic]
Slime had they for mortar. Gen. xi. 3.

4. pl. (Mining)

Defn: Mud containing metallic ore, obtained in the preparatory
dressing. Pryce.

5. (Physiol.)

Defn: A mucuslike substance which exudes from the bodies of certain
animals. Goldsmith. Slime eel. (Zoöl.) See 1st Hag, 4.
 -- Slime pit, a pit for the collection of slime or bitumen.

SLIME
Slime, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slimed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sliming.]

Defn: To smear with slime. Tennyson.

SLIMILY
Slim"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a slimy manner.

SLIMINESS
Slim"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being slimy.

SLIMLY
Slim"ly, adv.

Defn: In a state of slimness; in a slim manner; slenderly.

SLIMNESS
Slim"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being slim.

SLIMSY
Slim"sy, a.

Defn: Flimsy; frail. [Colloq. U.S.]

SLIMY
Slim"y, a. [Compar. Slimier; superl. Slimiest.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to slime; resembling slime; of the nature of
slime; viscous; glutinous; also, covered or daubed with slime;
yielding, or abounding in, slime.
Slimy things did crawl with legs Upon the slimy sea. Coleridge.

SLINESS
Sli"ness, n.

Defn: See Slyness.

SLING
Sling, n. Etym: [OE. slinge; akin to OD. slinge, D. slinger, OHG.
slinga; cf. OF. eslingue, of German origin. See Sling, v. t.]

1. An instrument for throwing stones or other missiles, consisting of
a short strap with two strings fastened to its ends, or with a string
fastened to one end and a light stick to the other. The missile being
lodged in a hole in the strap, the ends of the string are taken in
the hand, and the whole whirled rapidly round until, by loosing one
end, the missile is let fly with centrifugal force.

2. The act or motion of hurling as with a sling; a throw;
figuratively, a stroke.
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune. Shak.
At one sling Of thy victorius arm, well-pleasing Son. Milton.

3. A contrivance for sustaining anything by suspension; as:
(a) A kind of hanging bandage put around the neck, in which a wounded
arm or hand is supported.
(b) A loop of rope, or a rope or chain with hooks, for suspending a
barrel, bale, or other heavy object, in hoisting or lowering.
(c) A strap attached to a firearm, for suspending it from the
shoulder.
(d) (Naut.) A band of rope or iron for securing a yard to a mast; --
chiefly in the plural. Sling cart, a kind of cart used to transport
cannon and their carriages, large stones, machines, etc., the objects
transported being slung, or suspended by a chain attached to the
axletree.
 -- Sling dog, one of a pair of iron hooks used as part of a sling.
See def. 3 (b) above.

SLING
Sling, v. t. [imp. Slung, Archaic Slang (; p. p. Slung; p. pr. & vb.
n. Slinging.] Etym: [AS. slingan; akin to D. slingeren, G. schlingen,
to wind, to twist, to creep, OHG. slingan to wind, to twist, to move
to and fro, Icel. slyngva, slöngva, to sling, Sw. slunga, Dan.
slynge, Lith. slinkti to creep.]

1. To throw with a sling. "Every one could sling stones at an
hairbreadth, and not miss." Judg. xx. 16.

2. To throw; to hurl; to cast. Addison.

3. To hang so as to swing; as, to sling a pack.

4. (Naut)

Defn: To pass a rope round, as a cask, gun, etc., preparatory to
attaching a hoisting or lowering tackle.

SLING
Sling, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schlingen to swallow.]

Defn: A drink composed of spirit (usually gin) and water sweetened.
sling.

SLINGER
Sling"er, n.

Defn: One who slings, or uses a sling.

SLINK
Slink, v. t. [imp. Slunk, Archaic Slank (; p. p. Slunk; p. pr. & vb.
n. Slinking.] Etym: [AS. slincan; probably akin to G. schleichen, E.
sleek. See Sleek, a.]

1. To creep away meanly; to steal away; to sneak. "To slink away and
hide." Tale of Beryn.
Back to the thicket slunk The guilty serpent. Milton.
There were some few who slank obliquely from them as they passed.
Landor.

2. To miscarry; -- said of female beasts.

SLINK
Slink, v. t.

Defn: To cast prematurely; -- said of female beasts; as, a cow that
slinks her calf.

SLINK
Slink, a.

1. Produced prematurely; as, a slink calf.

2. Thin; lean. [Scot.]

SLINK
Slink, n.

1. The young of a beast brought forth prematurely, esp. a calf
brought forth before its time.

2. A thievish fellow; a sneak. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

SLINKY
Slink"y, a.

Defn: Thin; lank. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.]

SLIP
Slip, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Slipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Slipping.] Etym:
[OE. slippen; akin to LG. & D. slippen, MHG. slipfen (cf. Dan.
slippe, Sw. slippa, Icel. sleppa), and fr. OE. slipen, AS. slipan (in
comp.), akin to G. schleifen to slide, glide, drag, whet, OHG. slifan
to slide, glide, make smooth, Icel. slipa to whet; cf. also AS. sl,
Goth. sliupan, OS. slopian, OHG. sliofan, G. schliefen, schl, which
seem to come from a somewhat different root form. Cf. Slope, n.]

1. To move along the surface of a thing without bounding, rolling, or
stepping; to slide; to glide.

2. To slide; to lose one's footing or one's hold; not to tread
firmly; as, it is necessary to walk carefully lest the foot should
slip.

3. To move or fly (out of place); to shoot; -- often with out, off,
etc.; as, a bone may slip out of its place.

4. To depart, withdraw, enter, appear, intrude, or escape as if by
sliding; to go or come in a quiet, furtive manner; as, some errors
slipped into the work.
Thus one tradesman slips away, To give his partner fairer play.
Prior.
Thrice the flitting shadow slipped away. Dryden.

5. To err; to fall into error or fault.
There is one that slippeth in his speech, but not from his heart.
Ecclus. xix. 16.
To let slip, to loose from the slip or noose, as a hound; to allow to
escape.
Cry, "Havoc," and let slip the dogs of war. Shak.

SLIP
Slip, v. t.

1. To cause to move smoothly and quickly; to slide; to convey gently
or secretly.
He tried to slip a powder into her drink. Arbuthnot.

2. To omit; to loose by negligence.
And slip no advantage That my secure you. B. Jonson.

3. To cut slips from; to cut; to take off; to make a slip or slips
of; as, to slip a piece of cloth or paper.
The branches also may be slipped and planted. Mortimer.

4. To let loose in pursuit of game, as a greyhound.
Lucento slipped me like his greyhound. Shak.

5. To cause to slip or slide off, or out of place; as, a horse slips
his bridle; a dog slips his collar.

6. To bring forth (young) prematurely; to slink. To slip a cable.
(Naut.) See under Cable.
 -- To slip off, to take off quickly; as, to slip off a coat.
 -- To slip on, to put on in haste or loosely; as, to slip on a gown
or coat.

SLIP
Slip, n. Etym: [AS. slipe, slip.]

1. The act of slipping; as, a slip on the ice.

2. An unintentional error or fault; a false step.
This good man's slip mended his pace to martyrdom. Fuller.

3. A twig separated from the main stock; a cutting; a scion; hence, a
descendant; as, a slip from a vine.
A native slip to us from foreign seeds. Shak.
The girlish slip of a Sicilian bride. R. Browning.

4. A slender piece; a strip; as, a slip of paper.
Moonlit slips of silver cloud. Tennyson.
A thin slip of a girl, like a new moon Sure to be rounded into beauty
soon. Longfellow.

5. A leash or string by which a dog is held; -- so called from its
being made in such a manner as to slip, or become loose, by
relaxation of the hand.
We stalked over the extensive plains with Killbuck and Lena in the
slips, in search of deer. Sir S. Baker.

6. An escape; a secret or unexpected desertion; as, to give one the
slip. Shak.

7. (Print.)

Defn: A portion of the columns of a newspaper or other work struck
off by itself; a proof from a column of type when set up and in the
galley.

8. Any covering easily slipped on. Specifically:
(a) A loose garment worn by a woman.
(b) A child's pinafore.
(c) An outside covering or case; as, a pillow slip.
(d) The slip or sheath of a sword, and the like. [R.]

9. A counterfeit piece of money, being brass covered with silver.
[Obs.] Shak

10. Matter found in troughs of grindstones after the grinding of edge
tools. [Prov. Eng.] Sir W. Petty.

11. Potter's clay in a very liquid state, used for the decoration of
ceramic ware, and also as a cement for handless and other applied
parts.

12. A particular quantity of yarn. [Prov. Eng.]

13. An inclined plane on which a vessel is built, or upon which it is
hauled for repair.

14. An opening or space for vessels to lie in, between wharves or in
a dock; as, Peck slip. [U. S.]

15. A narrow passage between buildings. [Eng.]

16. A long seat or narrow pew in churches, often without a door. [U.
S.]

17. (Mining.)

Defn: A dislocation of a lead, destroying continuity. Knight.

18. (Engin.)

Defn: The motion of the center of resistance of the float of a paddle
wheel, or the blade of an oar, through the water horozontally, or the
difference between a vessel's actual speed and the speed which she
would have if the propelling instrument acted upon a solid; also, the
velocity, relatively to still water, of the backward current of water
produced by the propeller.

19. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish, the sole.

20. (Cricket)

Defn: A fielder stationed on the off side and to the rear of the
batsman. There are usually two of them, called respectively short
slip, and long slip. To give one the slip, to slip away from one; to
elude one.
 -- Slip dock. See under Dock.
 -- Slip link (Mach.), a connecting link so arranged as to allow some
play of the parts, to avoid concussion.
 -- Slip rope (Naut.), a rope by which a cable is secured preparatory
to slipping. Totten.
 -- Slip stopper (Naut.), an arrangement for letting go the anchor
suddenly.

SLIPBOARD
Slip"board`, n.

Defn: A board sliding in grooves.

SLIPCOAT CHEESE
Slip"coat` cheese".

Defn: A rich variety of new cheese, resembling butter, but white.
Halliwell.

SLIPES
Slipes, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. Slip, v.]

Defn: Sledge runners on which a skip is dragged in a mine.

SLIPKNOT
Slip"knot`, n.

Defn: knot which slips along the rope or line around which it is
made.

SLIP-ON
Slip"-on`, n.

Defn: A kind of overcoat worn upon the shoulders in the manner of a
cloak. [Scot.]

SLIPPAGE
Slip"page, n.

Defn: The act of slipping; also, the amount of slipping.

SLIPPER
Slip"per, n.

1. One who, or that which, slips.

2. A kind of light shoe, which may be slipped on with ease, and worn
in undress; a slipshoe.

3. A kind of apron or pinafore for children.

4. A kind of brake or shoe for a wagon wheel.

5. (Mach.)

Defn: A piece, usually a plate, applied to a sliding piece, to
receive wear and afford a means of adjustment; -- also called shoe,
and gib. Slipper animalcule (Zoöl.), a ciliated infusorian of the
genus Paramecium.
 -- Slipper flower.(Bot.) Slipperwort.
 -- Slipper limpet, or Slipper shell (Zoöl.), a boat shell.

SLIPPER
Slip"per, a. Etym: [AS. slipur.]

Defn: Slippery. [Obs.]
O! trustless state of earthly things, and slipper hope Of mortal men.
Spenser.

SLIPPERED
Slip"pered, a.

Defn: Wearing slippers. Shak.

SLIPPERILY
Slip"per*i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a slippery manner.

SLIPPERINESS
Slip"per*i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being slippery.

SLIPPERNESS
Slip"per*ness, n.

Defn: Slipperiness. [Obs.]

SLIPPERWORT
Slip"per*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Calceolaria.

SLIPPERY
Slip"per*y, a. Etym: [See Slipper, a.]

1. Having the quality opposite to adhesiveness; allowing or causing
anything to slip or move smoothly, rapidly, and easily upon the
surface; smooth; glib; as, oily substances render things slippery.

2. Not affording firm ground for confidence; as, a slippery promise.
The slippery tops of human state. Cowley.

3. Not easily held; liable or apt to slip away.
The slippery god will try to loose his hold. Dryden.

4. Liable to slip; not standing firm. Shak.

5. Unstable; changeable; mutable; uncertain; inconstant; fickle. "The
slippery state of kings." Denham.

6. Uncertain in effect. L'Estrange.

7. Wanton; unchaste; loose in morals. Shak. Slippery elm. (Bot.) (a)
An American tree (Ulmus fulva) with a mucilagenous and slightly
aromatic inner bark which is sometimes used medicinally; also, the
inner bark itself. (b) A malvaceous shrub (Fremontia Californica); --
so called on the Pacific coast.

SLIPPINESS
Slip"pi*ness, n.

Defn: Slipperiness. [R.] "The slippiness of the way." Sir W. Scott.

SLIPPY
Slip"py, a. Etym: [AS. slipeg.]

Defn: Slippery.

SLIPSHOD
Slip"shod`, a.

1. Wearing shoes or slippers down at the heel.
The shivering urchin bending as he goes, With slipshod heels. Cowper.

2. Figuratively: Careless in dress, manners, style, etc.; slovenly;
shuffling; as, slipshod manners; a slipshod or loose style of
writing.
Thy wit shall ne'er go slipshod. Shak.

SLIPSHOE
Slip"shoe`, n.

Defn: A slipper. Halliwell.

SLIPSKIN
Slip"skin`, a.

Defn: Evasive. [Obs.] Milton.

SLIPSLOP
Slip"slop`, n. Etym: [A reduplication of slop.]

Defn: Weak, poor, or flat liquor; weak, profitless discourse or
writing.

SLIPSTRING
Slip"string`, n.

Defn: One who has shaken off restraint; a prodigal. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

SLIPTHRIFT
Slip"thrift`, n.

Defn: A spendthrift. [Obs.]

SLISH
Slish, n. Etym: [A corruption of slash.]

Defn: A cut; as, slish and slash. [Colloq.] Shak.

SLIT
Slit, obs.

Defn: 3d. pers. sing. pres. of Slide. Chaucer.

SLIT
Slit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slit or Slitted (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Slitting.] Etym: [OE. slitten, fr. sliten, AS. stitan to tear; akin
to D. slijten to wear out, G. schleissen to slit, split, OHG. slizan
to split, tear, wear out, Icel. stita to break, tear, wear out, Sw.
slita, Dan. slide. Cf. Eclat, Slate, n., Slice.]

1. To cut lengthwise; to cut into long pieces or strips; as, to slit
iron bars into nail rods; to slit leather into straps.

2. To cut or make a long fissure in or upon; as, to slit the ear or
the nose.

3. To cut; to sever; to divide. [Obs.]
And slits the thin-spun life. Milton.

SLIT
Slit, n. Etym: [AS. slite.]

Defn: A long cut; a narrow opening; as, a slit in the ear. Gill slit.
(Anat.) See Gill opening, under Gill.

SLITHER
Slith"er, v. i. Etym: [Cf. G. schlittern, LG. schliddern. See Slide.]

Defn: To slide; to glide. [Prov. Eng.]

SLIT-SHELL
Slit"-shell", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Pleurotomaria, a genus of beautiful, pearly,
spiral gastropod shells having a deep slit in the outer lip. Many
fossil species are known, and a few living ones are found in deep
water in tropical seas.

SLITTER
Slit"ter, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, slits.

SLITTING
Slit"ting, a. & n.

Defn: from Slit. Slitting file. See Illust. (i) of File.
 -- Slitting mill. (a) A mill where iron bars or plates are slit into
narrow strips, as nail rods, and the like. (b) A machine used by
lapidaries for slicing stones, usually by means of a revolving disk,
called a slicer, supplied with diamond powder.
 -- Slitting roller, one of a pair of rollers furnished with ribs
entering between similar ribs in the other roller, and cutting like
shears, -- used in slitting metals.

SLIVE
Slive, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Slip.]

Defn: To sneak. [Prov. Eng.]

SLIVE
Slive, v. t. Etym: [OE. sliven to split, cleave, AS. slifan.]

Defn: To cut; to split; to separate. [Obs.] Holland.

SLIVER
Sliv"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slivered; p. pr. & vb. n. Slivering.]
Etym: [See Slive, v. t.]

Defn: To cut or divide into long, thin pieces, or into very small
pieces; to cut or rend lengthwise; to slit; as, to sliver wood. Shak.
They 'll sliver thee like a turnip. Sir W. Scott.

SLIVER
Sliv"er, n.

1. A long piece cut ot rent off; a sharp, slender fragment; a
splinter.

2. A strand, or slender roll, of cotton or other fiber in a loose,
untwisted state, produced by a carding machine and ready for the
roving or slubbing which preceeds spinning.

3. pl.

Defn: Bait made of pieces of small fish. Cf. Kibblings. [Local, U.S.]
Bartlett.

SLOAKAN
Sloak"an, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of seaweed. [Spelled also slowcawn.] See 3d Laver.

SLOAM
Sloam, n. (Mining)

Defn: A layer of earth between coal seams.

SLOAT
Sloat, n. Etym: [See Slot a bar.]

Defn: A narrow piece of timber which holds together large pieces; a
slat; as, the sloats of a cart.

SLOBBER
Slob"ber, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Slabber.

SLOBBER
Slob"ber, n.

1. See Slabber.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A jellyfish. [Prov. Eng.]

3. pl. (Vet.)

Defn: Salivation.

SLOBBERER
Slob"ber*er, n.

1. One who slobbers.

2. A slovenly farmer; a jobbing tailor. [Prov. Eng.]

SLOBBERY
Slob"ber*y, a.

Defn: Wet; sloppy, as land. Shak.

SLOCK; SLOCKEN
Slock, Slock"en, v. t.

Defn: To quench; to allay; to slake. See Slake. [Obs. or Scot.]

SLOCKING
Slock"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Slock. Slocking stone, a rich piece of ore displayed in
order to tempt persons to embark in a mining enterprise.

SLOE
Sloe, n. Etym: [OE. slo, AS. sla; akin to D. slee, G. schlehe, OHG.
sl$ha, Dan. slaaen, Sw. sl, perhaps originally, that which blunts the
teeth, or sets them on edge (cf. Slow); cf. Lith. sliwa a plum, Russ.
sliva.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small, bitter, wild European plum, the fruit of the
blackthorn (Prunus spinosa); also, the tree itself.

SLOG
Slog, v. t. & i. [Cf. Slug, v. t.]

Defn: To hit hard, esp. with little attention to aim or the like, as
in cricket or boxing; to slug. [Cant or Slang]

SLOGAN
Slo"gan, n. Etym: [Gael. sluagh-ghairm, i.e., an army cry; sluagh
army + gairm a call, calling.]

Defn: The war cry, or gathering word, of a Highland clan in Scotland;
hence, any rallying cry. Sir W. Scott.

SLOGGER
Slog"ger, n.

Defn: A hard hitter; a slugger. [Cant or Slang]  T. Hughes.

SLOGGY
Slog"gy, a.

Defn: Sluggish. [Obs.]
Somnolence that is sloggy slumbering Chaucer.

SLOKE
Sloke, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Sloakan.

SLOO; SLUE
Sloo, or Slue, n.

Defn: A slough; a run or wet place. See 2d Slough, 2.

SLOOM
Sloom, n.

Defn: Slumber. [Prov. Eng.]

SLOOMY
Sloom"y, a.

Defn: Sluggish; slow. [Prov. Eng.]

SLOOP
Sloop, n.Etym: [D. sloep, of uncertain origin. Cf. Shallop.] (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel having one mast and fore-and-aft rig, consisting of a
boom-and-gaff mainsail, jibs, staysail, and gaff topsail. The typical
sloop has a fixed bowsprit, topmast, and standing rigging, while
those of a cutter are capable of being readily shifted. The sloop
usually carries a centerboard, and depends for stability upon breadth
of beam rather than depth of keel. The two types have rapidly
approximated since 1880. One radical distinction is that a slop may
carry a centerboard. See Cutter, and Illustration in Appendix. Sloop
of war, formerly, a vessel of war rigged either as a ship, brig, or
schooner, and mounting from ten to thirty-two guns; now, any war
vessel larger than a gunboat, and carrying guns on one deck only.

SLOP
Slop, n. Etym: [OE. sloppe a pool; akin to As. sloppe, slyppe, the
sloppy droppings of a cow; cf. AS. sl to slip, and E. slip, v.i. Cf.
Cowslip.]

1. Water or other liquid carelessly spilled or thrown aboyt, as upon
a table or a floor; a puddle; a soiled spot.

2. Mean and weak drink or liquid food; -- usually in the plural.

3. pl.

Defn: Dirty water; water in which anything has been washed or rinsed;
water from wash-bowls, etc. Slop basin, or Slop bowl, a basin or bowl
for holding slops, especially for receiving the rinsings of tea or
coffee cups at the table.
 -- Slop molding (Brickmaking), a process of manufacture in which the
brick is carried to the drying ground in a wet mold instead of on a
pallet.

SLOP
Slop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slopped; p. pr. & vb. n. Slopping.]

1. To cause to overflow, as a liquid, by the motion of the vessel
containing it; to spill.

2. To spill liquid upon; to soil with a liquid spilled.

SLOP
Slop, v. i.

Defn: To overflow or be spilled as a liquid, by the motion of the
vessel containing it; -- often with over.

SLOP
Slop, n. Etym: [AS. slop a frock or over-garment, fr. sl to slip, to
slide; akin to Icel sloppr a thin garment; cf. OHG. slouf a garment.
Cf. Slip, v. i.]

1. Any kind of outer garment made of linen or cotton, as a night
dress, or a smock frock. [Obs.] Halliwell.

2. A loose lower garment; loose breeches; chiefly used in the plural.
"A pair of slops." Sir P. Sidney.
There's a French salutation to your French slop. Shak.

3. pl.

Defn: Ready-made clothes; also, among seamen, clothing, bedding, and
other furnishings.

SLOPE
Slope, n. Etym: [Formed (like abode fr. abide) from OE. slipen. See
Slip, v. i.]

1. An oblique direction; a line or direction including from a
horizontal line or direction; also, sometimes, an inclination, as of
one line or surface to another.

2. Any ground whose surface forms an angle with the plane of the
horizon.
buildings the summit and slope of a hill. Macaulay.
Under the slopes of Pisgah. Deut. iv. 49. (Rev. Ver.).

Note: A slope, considered as descending, is a declivity; considered
as ascending, an acclivity. Slope of a plane (Geom.), the direction
of the plane; as, parallel planes have the same slope.

SLOPE
Slope, a.

Defn: Sloping. "Down the slope hills." Milton.
A bank not steep, but gently slope. Bacon.

SLOPE
Slope, adv.

Defn: In a sloping manner. [Obs.] Milton.

SLOPE
Slope, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sloped; p. pr. & vb. n. Sloping.]

Defn: To form with a slope; to give an oblique or slanting direction
to; to direct obliquely; to incline; to slant; as, to slope the
ground in a garden; to slope a piece of cloth in cutting a garment.

SLOPE
Slope, v. i.

1. To take an oblique direction; to be at an angle with the plane of
the horizon; to incline; as, the ground slopes.

2. To depart; to disappear suddenly. [Slang]

SLOPENESS
Slope"ness, n.

Defn: State of being slope. Sir H. Wotton.

SLOPEWISE
Slope"wise`, adv.

Defn: Obliquely. [Obs.] Carew.

SLOPING
Slop"ing, a.

Defn: Inclining or inclined from the plane of the horizon, or from a
horizontal or other right line; oblique; declivous; slanting.
 -- Slop"ing*ly, adv.
The sloping land recedes into the clouds. Cowper.

SLOPPINESS
Slop"pi*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sloppy; muddiness.

SLOPPY
Slop"py, a. [Compar. Sloppier; superl. Sloppiest.] Etym: [From Slop.]

Defn: Wet, so as to spatter easily; wet, as with something slopped
over; muddy; plashy; as, a sloppy place, walk, road.

SLOPSELLER
Slop"sell`er, n.

Defn: One who sells slops, or ready-made clothes. See 4th Slop, 3.

SLOPSHOP
Slop"shop`, n.

Defn: A shop where slops. or ready-made clothes, are sold.

SLOPWORK
Slop"work`, n.

Defn: The manufacture of slops, or cheap ready-made clothing; also,
such clothing; hence, hasty, slovenly work of any kind.
No slopwork ever dropped from his [Carlyle's] pen. Froude.

SLOPY
Slop"y, a.

Defn: Sloping; inclined.

SLOSH; SLOSHY
Slosh, Slosh"y.

Defn: See Slush, Slushy.

SLOT
Slot, n. Etym: [LG. & D. slot a lock, from a verb meaning to close.,
to shut, D. sluiten; akin to G. schliessen, OHG. sliozan, OFries. sl,
and probably to L. claudere. Cf. Close, Sluice.]

1. A broad, flat, wooden bar; a slat or sloat.

2. A bolt or bar for fastening a door. [Prov. Eng.]

3. A narrow depression, perforation, or aperture; esp., one for the
reception of a piece fitting or sliding in it.

SLOT
Slot, v. t. Etym: [See Slot a bar.]

Defn: To shut with violence; to slam; as, to slot a door. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]

SLOT
Slot, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. sl, and E. sleuth.]

Defn: The track of a deer; hence, a track of any kind. Milton.
As a bloodhound follows the slot of a hurt deer. Sir W. Scott.

SLOTH
Sloth, n. Etym: [OE. slouthe, sleuthe, AS. sl, fr. slaw slow. See
Slow.]

1. Slowness; tardiness.
These cardinals trifle with me; I abhor This dilatory sloth and
tricks of Rome. Shak.

2. Disinclination to action or labor; sluggishness; laziness;
idleness.
[They] change their course to pleasure, ease, and sloth. Milton.
Sloth, like rust, consumes faster than labor wears. Franklin.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of arboreal edentates constituting
the family Bradypodidæ, and the suborder Tardigrada. They have long
exserted limbs and long prehensile claws. Both jaws are furnished
with teeth (see Illust. of Edentata), and the ears and tail are
rudimentary. They inhabit South and Central America and Mexico.

Note: The three-toed sloths belong to the genera Bradypus and
Arctopithecus, of which several species have been described. They
have three toes on each foot. The best-known species are collared
sloth (Bradypus tridactylus), and the ai (Arctopitheus ai). The two-
toed sloths, consisting the genus Cholopus, have two toes on each
fore foot and three on each hind foot. The best-known is the unau
(Cholopus didactylus) of South America. See Unau. Another species (C.
Hoffmanni) inhabits Central America. Various large extinct
terrestrial edentates, such as Megatherium and Mylodon, are often
called sloths. Australian, or Native sloth (Zoöl.), the koala.
 -- Sloth animalcule (Zoöl.), a tardigrade.
 -- Sloth bear (Zoöl.), a black or brown long-haired bear (Melursus
ursinus, or labiatus), native of India and Ceylon; -- called also
aswail, labiated bear, and jungle bear. It is easily tamed and can be
taught many tricks.
 -- Sloth monkey (Zoöl.), a loris.

SLOTH
Sloth, v. i.

Defn: To be idle. [Obs.] Gower.

SLOTHFUL
Sloth"ful, a.

Defn: Addicted to sloth; inactive; sluggish; lazy; indolent; idle.
He also that is slothful in his work is brother to him that is a
great waster. Prov. xviii. 9.
-- Sloth"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Sloth"ful*ness, n.

SLOTHHOUND
Sloth"hound`, n. Etym: [See Slot a track, and cf. Sleuthhound.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: See Sleuthhound.

SLOT MACHINE
Slot" ma*chine".

Defn: A machine the operation of which is started by dropping a coin
into a slot, for delivering small articles of merchandise, showing
one's weight, exhibiting pictures, throwing dice, etc.

SLOTTED
Slot"ted, a.

Defn: Having a slot.

SLOTTING
Slot"ting, n.

Defn: The act or process of making slots, or mortises.

SLOUCH
Slouch, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. sla slouching felloew, and E. slack,
slug, a lazy fellow.]

1. A hanging down of the head; a drooping attitude; a limp
appearance; an ungainly, clownish gait; a sidewise depression or
hanging down, as of a hat brim.

2. An awkward, heavy, clownish fellow. [Colloq.] Slouth hat, a soft,
limp hat of unstiffened cloth or felt.

SLOUCH
Slouch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Slouched; p. pr. & vb. n. Slouching.]

1. To droop, as the head.

2. To walk in a clumsy, lazy manner. [Colloq.]

SLOUCH
Slouch, v. t.

Defn: To cause to hang down; to depress at the side; as, to slouth
the hat.

SLOUCHING
Slouch"ing, a.

Defn: Hanging down at the side; limp; drooping; without firmness or
shapeliness; moving in an ungainly manner.

SLOUCHY
Slouch"y, a.

Defn: Slouching. [Colloq.]

SLOUGH
Slough, a.

Defn: Slow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SLOUGH
Slough, n. Etym: [OE. slogh, slough, AS. sloh a hollow place; cf.
MHG. sluch an abyss, gullet, G. schlucken to swallow; also Gael. &
Ir. sloc a pit, pool. ditch, Ir. slug to swallow. Gr.

1. A place of deep mud or mire; a hole full of mire. Chaucer.
He's here stuck in a slough. Milton.

2. [Pronounced sloo.]

Defn: A wet place; a swale; a side channel or inlet from a river.

Note: [In this sense local or provincial; also spelt sloo, and slue.]
Slough grass (Bot.), a name in the Mississippi valley for grasses of
the genus Muhlenbergia; -- called also drop seed, and nimble Will.

SLOUGH
Slough, obs.

Defn: imp. of Slee, to slay. Slew. Chaucer.

SLOUGH
Slough, n. Etym: [OE. slugh, slouh; cf. MHG. sl the skin of a
serpent, G. schlauch a skin, a leather bag or bottle.]

1. The skin, commonly the cast-off skin, of a serpent or of some
similar animal.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The dead mass separating from a foul sore; the dead part which
separates from the living tissue in mortification.

SLOUGH
Slough, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sloughed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sloughing.]
(Med.)

Defn: To form a slough; to separate in the form of dead matter from
the living tissues; -- often used with off, or away; as, a sloughing
ulcer; the dead tissues slough off slowly.

SLOUGH
Slough, v. t.

Defn: To cast off; to discard as refuse.
New tint the plumage of the birds, And slough decay from grazing
herds. Emerson.

SLOUGHING
Slough"ing, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The act of casting off the skin or shell, as do insects and
crustaceans; ecdysis.

SLOUGHY
Slough"y, a.

Defn: Full of sloughs, miry.

SLOUGHY
Slough"y, a.

Defn: Resembling, or of the nature of, a slough, or the dead matter
which separates from living flesh.

SLOVEN
Slov"en, n. Etym: [D. slaf careless, negligent, a sloven; akin to LG.
sluf slovenly.]

Defn: A man or boy habitually negligent of neathess and order; -- the
correlative term to slattern, or slut. Pope.
He became a confirmed sloven. Macaulay.

SLOVENLINESS
Slov"en*li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being slovenly.

SLOVENLY
Slov"en*ly, a.

1. Having the habits of a sloven; negligent of neatness and order,
especially in dress.
A slovenly, lazy fellow, bolling at his ease. L'Estrange.

2. Characteristic of a solven; lacking neatness and order; evincing
negligence; as, slovenly dress.

SLOVENLY
Slov"en*ly, adv.

Defn: a slovenly manner.

SLOVENNESS
Slov"en*ness, n.

Defn: Slovenliness. [Obs.] Fuller.

SLOVENRY
Slov"en*ry, n.

Defn: Slovenliness. [Obs.] Shak.

SLOW
Slow, obs.

Defn: imp. of Slee, to slay. Slew. Chaucer.

SLOW
Slow, a. [Compar. Slower; superl. Slowest.] Etym: [OE. slow, slaw,
AS. slaw; akin to OS. sl blunt, dull, D. sleeuw, slee, sour, OHG. sl
blunt, dull, Icel. sl, sl, Dan. slöv, Sw. slö. Cf. Sloe, and Sloth.]

1. Moving a short space in a relatively long time; not swift; not
quick in motion; not rapid; moderate; deliberate; as, a slow stream;
a slow motion.

2. Not happening in a short time; gradual; late.
These changes in the heavens, though slow, produced Like change on
sea and land, sidereal blast. Milton.

3. Not ready; not prompt or quick; dilatory; sluggish; as, slow of
speech, and slow of tongue.
Fixed on defense, the Trojans are not slow To guard their shore from
an expected foe. Dryden.

4. Not hasty; not precipitate; acting with deliberation; tardy;
inactive.
He that is slow to wrath is of great understanding. Prov. xiv. 29.

5. Behind in time; indicating a time earlier than the true time; as,
the clock or watch is slow.

6. Not advancing or improving rapidly; as, the slow growth of arts
and sciences.

7. Heavy in wit; not alert, prompt, or spirited; wearisome; dull.
[Colloq.] Dickens. Thackeray.

Note: Slow is often used in the formation of compounds for the most
part self-explaining; as, slow-gaited, slow-paced, slow-sighted,
slow-winged, and the like. Slow coach, a slow person. See def.7,
above. [Colloq.] -- Slow lemur, or Slow loris (Zoöl.), an East Indian
nocturnal lemurine animal (Nycticebus tardigradus) about the size of
a small cat; -- so called from its slow and deliberate movements. It
has very large round eyes and is without a tail. Called also bashful
Billy.
 -- Slow match. See under Match.

Syn.
 -- Dilatory; late; lingering; tardy; sluggish; dull; inactive.
 -- Slow, Tardy, Dilatory. Slow is the wider term, denoting either a
want of rapid motion or inertness of intellect. Dilatory signifies a
proneness to defer, a habit of delaying the performance of what we
know must be done. Tardy denotes the habit of being behind hand; as,
tardy in making up one's acounts.

SLOW
Slow, adv.

Defn: Slowly.
Let him have time to mark how slow time goes In time of sorrow. Shak.

SLOW
Slow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Slowing.]

Defn: To render slow; to slacken the speed of; to retard; to delay;
as, to slow a steamer. Shak.

SLOW
Slow, v. i.

Defn: To go slower; -- often with up; as, the train slowed up before
crossing the bridge.

SLOW
Slow, n.

Defn: A moth. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

SLOWBACK
Slow"back`, n.

Defn: A lubber; an idle fellow; a loiterer. [Old Slang] Dr. Favour.

SLOWH
Slowh, obs.

Defn: imp. of Slee,to slay. Chaucer.

SLOWHOUND
Slow"hound`, n.

Defn: A sleuthhound. [R.]

SLOWLY
Slow"ly, adv.

Defn: In a slow manner; moderately; not rapidly; not early; not
rashly; not readly; tardly.

SLOWNESS
Slow"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being slow.

SLOWS
Slows, n. (Med.)

Defn: Milk sickness.

SLOW-WITTED
Slow"-wit`ted, a.

Defn: Dull of apprehension; not possessing quick intelligence.

SLOWWORM
Slow"worm`, n. Etym: [AS. slawyrm; the first part is probably akin to
sleán to strike, the reptile being supposed to be very poisonous. See
Slay, v. t., and Worm.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lecertilian reptile; the blindworm.

SLOYD
Sloyd, n. [Written also slojd, and sloid.] [Sw. slöjd skill,
dexterity, esp. skilled labor, hence, manufacture, wood carving.]

Defn: Lit., skilled mechanical work, such as that required in wood
carving; trade work; hence, a system (usually called the sloyd
system) of manual training in the practical use of the tools and
materials used in the trades, and of instruction in the making and
use of the plans and specifications connected with trade work. The
sloyd system derives its name from the fact that it was adopted or
largely developed from a similar Swedish system, in which wood
carving was a chief feature. Its purpose is not only to afford
practical skill in some trade, but also to develop the pupils
mentally and physically.

SLUB
Slub, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A roll of wool slightly twisted; a rove; -- called also
slubbing.

SLUB
Slub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Slubbing.]

Defn: To draw out and twist slightly; -- said of slivers of wool.

SLUBBER
Slub"ber, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slubbered; p. pr. & vb. n. Slubbering.]
Etym: [Cf. Dan. slubbreto swallow, to sup up, D. slobberen to lap, to
slabber. Cf. Slabber.]

1. To do lazily, imperfectly, or coarsely.
Slubber not business for my sake. Shak.

2. To daub; to stain; to cover carelessly.
There is no art that hath more . . . slubbered with aphorisming
pedantry than the art of policy. Milton.

SLUBBER
Slub"ber, n.

Defn: A slubbing machine.

SLUBBERDEGULLION
Slub"ber*de*gul`lion, n. Etym: [Slubber + Prov. E. gullion a wretch.]

Defn: A mean, dirty wretch. [Low]

SLUBBERINGLY
Slub"ber*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a slovenly, or hurried and imperfect, manner. [Low] Drayton.

SLUBBING
Slub"bing, a. & n.

Defn: from Slub. Slubbing billy, or Slubbing machine, the machine by
which slubs are formed.

SLUDGE
Sludge, n. Etym: [CF. Slush.]

1. Mud; mire; soft mud; slush. Mortimer. Tennyson.

2. Small floating pieces of ice, or masses of saturated snow. Kane.

3. (Mining)

Defn: See Slime, 4. Sludge hole, the hand-hole, or manhole, in a
steam boiler, by means of which sediment can be removed.

SLUDGE ACID
Sludge acid.

Defn: Impure dark-colored sulphuric acid that has been used in the
refining of petroleum.

SLUDGER
Slud"ger, n.

Defn: A bucket for removing mud from a bored hole; a sand pump.

SLUDGER
Sludg"er, n.

Defn: A shovel for sludging out drains, etc.

SLUDY
Slud"y, a.

Defn: Miry; slushy.

SLUE
Slue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slued (; p. pr. & vb. n. Sluing (.] Etym:
[Prov. E. slew to turn round, Scot. to lean or incline to a side; cf.
Icel. sn to turn, bend.] [Written also slew.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: To turn about a fixed point, usually the center or axis, as a
spar or piece of timber; to turn; -- used also of any heavy body.

2. In general, to turn about; to twist; -- often used reflexively and
followed by round. [Colloq.]
They laughed, and slued themselves round. Dickens.

SLUE
Slue, v. i.

Defn: To turn about; to turn from the course; to slip or slide and
turn from an expected or desired course; -- often followed by round.

SLUE
Slue, n.

Defn: See Sloough, 2. [Local]

SLUG
Slug, n. Etym: [OE. slugge slothful, sluggen to be slothful; cf. LG.
slukk low-spirited, sad, E. slack, slouch, D. slak, slek, a snail.]

1. A drone; a slow, lazy fellow; a sluggard. Shak.

2. A hindrance; an obstruction. [Obs.] Bacon.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of terrestrial pulmonate mollusks
belonging to Limax and several related genera, in which the shell is
either small and concealed in the mantle, or altogether wanting. They
are closely allied to the land snails.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any smooth, soft larva of a sawfly or moth which creeps like a
mollusk; as, the pear slug; rose slug.

5. A ship that sails slowly. [Obs.] Halliwell.
His rendezvous for his fleet, and for all slugs to come to, should be
between Calais and Dover. Pepys.

6. Etym: [Perhaps a different word.]

Defn: An irregularly shaped piece of metal, used as a missile for a
gun.

7. (Print.)

Defn: A thick strip of metal less than type high, and as long as the
width of a column or a page, -- used in spacing out pages and to
separate display lines, etc. Sea slug. (Zoöl.) (a) Any nudibranch
mollusk. (b) A holothurian.
 -- Slug caterpillar. Same as Slugworm.

SLUG
Slug, v. i.

Defn: To move slowly; to lie idle. [Obs.]
To slug in sloth and sensual delight. Spenser.

SLUG
Slug, v. t.

Defn: To make sluggish. [Obs.] Milton.

SLUG
Slug, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slugged; p. pr. & vb. n. Slugging.]

1. To load with a slug or slugs; as, to slug a gun.

2. To strike heavily. [Cant or Slang]

SLUG
Slug, v. i.

Defn: To become reduced in diameter, or changed in shape, by passing
from a larger to a smaller part of the bore of the barrel; -- said of
a bullet when fired from a gun, pistol, or other firearm.

SLUGABED
Slug"a*bed`, n.

Defn: One who indulges in lying abed; a sluggard. [R.] "Fie, you
slugabed!" Shak.

SLUGGARD
Slug"gard, n. Etym: [Slug + -ard.]

Defn: A person habitually lazy, idle, and inactive; a drone.
Go to the ant, thou sluggard; considered her ways, and be wise. Prov.
vi. 6.

SLUGGARD
Slug"gard, a.

Defn: Sluggish; lazy. Dryden.

SLUGGARDIZE
Slug"gard*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make lazy. [R.] Shak.

SLUGGARDY
Slug"gard*y, n. Etym: [OE. sloggardye.]

Defn: The state of being a sluggard; sluggishness; sloth. Gower.
Idleness is rotten sluggardy. Chaucer.

SLUGGER
Slug"ger, n.

Defn: One who strikes heavy blows; hence, a boxer; a prize fighter.
[Cant or Slang]

SLUGGING MATCH
Slug"ging match.
 (a) A boxing match or prize fight marked rather by heavy hitting
than skill. [Cant or Slang]
 (b) A ball game, esp. a baseball game, in which  there is much hard
hitting of the ball. [Slang, U. S.]

SLUGGISH
Slug"gish, a.

1. Habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive; as, a sluggish
man.

2. Slow; having little motion; as, a sluggish stream.

3. Having no power to move one's self or itself; inert.
Matter, being impotent, sluggish, and inactive, hath no power to stir
or move itself. Woodward.
And the sluggish land slumbers in utter neglect. Longfellow.

4. Characteristic of a sluggard; dull; stupid; tame; simple. [R.] "So
sluggish a conceit." Milton.

Syn.
 -- Inert; idle; lazy; slothful; indolent; dronish; slow; dull;
drowsy; inactive. See Inert.
 -- Slug"gish*ly, adv.
 -- Slug"gish*ness, n.

SLUGGY
Slug"gy, a.

Defn: Sluggish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SLUG-HORN
Slug"-horn`, a.

Defn: An erroneous form of the Scotch word slughorne, or sloggorne,
meaning slogan.

SLUGS
Slugs, n. pl. (Mining)

Defn: Half-roasted ore.

SLUGWORM
Slug"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any caterpillar which has the general appearance of a slug, as
do those of certain moths belonging to Limacodes and allied genera,
and those of certain sawflies.

SLUICE
Sluice, n. Etym: [OF. escluse, F. écluse, LL. exclusa, sclusa, from
L. excludere, exclusum, to shut out: cf. D. sluis sluice, from the
Old French. See Exclude.]

1. An artifical passage for water, fitted with a valve or gate, as in
a mill stream, for stopping or regulating the flow; also, a water
gate of flood gate.

2. Hence, an opening or channel through which anything flows; a
source of supply.
Each sluice of affluent fortune opened soon. Harte.
This home familiarity . . . opens the sluices of sensibility. I.
Taylor.

3. The stream flowing through a flood gate.

4. (Mining)

Defn: A long box or trough through which water flows, -- used for
washing auriferous earth. Sluice gate, the sliding gate of a sluice.

SLUICE
Sluice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sluiced; p. pr. & vb. n. Sluicing.]

1. To emit by, or as by, flood gates. [R.] Milton.

2. To wet copiously, as by opening a sluice; as, to sluice meadows.
Howitt.
He dried his neck and face, which he had been sluicing with cold
water. De Quincey.

3. To wash with, or in, a stream of water running through a sluice;
as, to sluice eart or gold dust in mining.

SLUICEWAY
Sluice"way`, n.

Defn: An artificial channel into which water is let by a sluice;
specifically, a trough constructed over the bed of a stream, so that
logs, lumber, or rubbish can be floated down to some convenient place
of delivery.

SLUICY
Slui`cy, a.

Defn: Falling copiously or in streams, as from a sluice.
And oft whole sheets descend of sluicy rain. Dryden.

SLUM
Slum, n. Etym: [CF. Slump, n.]

1. A foul back street of a city, especially one filled with a poor,
dirty, degraded, and often vicious population; any low neighborhood
or dark retreat; -- usually in the plural; as, Westminster slums are
haunts for theives. Dickens.

2. pl. (Mining)

Defn: Same as Slimes.

SLUMBER
Slum"ber, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Slumbered; p. pr. & vb. n. Slumbering.]
Etym: [OE. slombren, slumberen, slumeren, AS. slumerian, fr. sluma
slumber; akin to D. sluimeren to slumber, MHG. slummern, slumen, G.
schlummern, Dan. slumre, Sw. slumra, Goth. slawan to be silent.]

1. To sleep; especially, to sleep lightly; to doze. Piers Plowman.
He that keepeth Israel shall neither slumber nor sleep. Ps. cxxi. 4.

2. To be in a state of negligence, sloth, supineness, or inactivity.
"Why slumbers Pope" Young.

SLUMBER
Slum"ber, v. t.

1. To lay to sleep. [R.] Wotton.

2. To stun; to stupefy. [Obs.] Spenser.

SLUMBER
Slum"ber, n.

Defn: Sleep; especially, light sleep; sleep that is not deep or
sound; repose.
He at last fell into a slumber, and thence into a fast sleep, which
detained him in that place until it was almost night. Bunyan.
Fast asleep It is no matter; Enjoy the honey-heavy dew of slumber.
Shak.
Rest to my soul, and slumber to my eyes. Dryden.

SLUMBERER
Slum"ber*er, n.

Defn: One who slumbers; a sleeper.

SLUMBERINGLY
Slum"ber*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a slumbering manner.

SLUMBERLESS
Slum"ber*less, a.

Defn: Without slumber; sleepless.

SLUMBEROUS
Slum"ber*ous, a.

1. Inviting slumber; soporiferous. "Pensive in the slumberous shade."
Pope.

2. Being in the repose of slumber; sleepy; drowsy.
His quiet and almost slumberous countenance. Hawthorne.

SLUMBERY
Slum"ber*y, a.

Defn: Sleepy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SLUMBROUS
Slum"brous, a.

Defn: Slumberous. Keats.

SLUMGUM
Slum"gum`, n.

Defn: The impure residue, consisting of cocoons, propolis, etc.,
remaining after the wax is extracted from honeycombs.

SLUMMING
Slum"ming, vb. n.

Defn: Visiting slums.

SLUMP
Slump, n. Etym: [Cf. D. slomp a mass, heap, Dan. slump a quantity,
and E. slump, v.t.]

Defn: The gross amount; the mass; the lump. [Scot.]

SLUMP
Slump, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Lump; also Sw. slumpa to bargain for the
lump.]

Defn: To lump; to throw into a mess.
These different groups . . . are exclusively slumped together under
that sense. Sir W. Hamilton.

SLUMP
Slump, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Slumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Slumping.] Etym:
[Scot. slump a dull noise produced by something falling into a hole,
a marsh, a swamp.]

Defn: To fall or sink suddenly through or in, when walking on a
surface, as on thawing snow or ice, partly frozen ground, a bog,
etc., not strong enough to bear the person.
The latter walk on a bottomless quag, into which unawares they may
slump. Barrow.

SLUMP
Slump, n.

1. A boggy place. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

2. The noise made by anything falling into a hole, or into a soft,
miry place. [Scot.]

SLUMPY
Slump"y, a.

Defn: Easily broken through; boggy; marshy; swampy. [Prov. Eng. &
Colloq. U.S.] Bartlett.

SLUNG
Slung,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Sling. Slung shot, a metal ball of small size,
with a string attached, used by ruffians for striking.

SLUNK
Slunk,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Slink.

SLUR
Slur, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slurred; p. pr. & vb. n. Slurring.] Etym:
[Cf. OE. sloor mud, clay, Icel. sl, slo, to trail or drag one's self
along, D. sleuren, sloren, to train, to drag, to do negligently and
slovenly, D. sloor, sloerie, a sluttish girl.]

1. To soil; to sully; to contaminate; to disgrace. Cudworth.

2. To disparage; to traduce. Tennyson.

3. To cover over; to disguise; to conceal; to pass over lightly or
with little notice.
With periods, points, and tropes, he slurs his crimes. Dryden.

4. To cheat, as by sliding a die; to trick. [R.]
To slur men of what they fought for. Hudibras.

5. To pronounce indistinctly; as, to slur syllables.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: To sing or perform in a smooth, gliding style; to connect
smoothly in performing, as several notes or tones. Busby.

7. (Print.)

Defn: To blur or double, as an impression from type; to mackle.

SLUR
Slur, n.

1. A mark or stain; hence, a slight reproach or disgrace; a stigma; a
reproachful intimation; an innuendo. "Gaining to his name a lasting
slur." South.

2. A trick played upon a person; an imposition. [R.]

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A mark, thus [&upslur; or ], connecting notes that are to be
sung to the same syllable, or made in one continued breath of a wind
instrument, or with one stroke of a bow; a tie; a sign of legato.

4. In knitting machines, a contrivance for depressing the sinkers
successively by passing over them.

SLURRED
Slurred, a. (Mus.)

Defn: Marked with a slur; performed in a smooth, gliding style, like
notes marked with a slur.

SLUSH
Slush, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. slaska to paddle in water, slask wet,
filth.] [Written also slosh.]

1. Soft mud.

2. A mixture of snow and water; half-melted snow.

3. A soft mixture of grease and other materials, used for
lubrication.

4. The refuse grease and fat collected in cooking, especially on
shipboard.

5. (Mach.)

Defn: A mixture of white lead and lime, with which the bright parts
of machines, such as the connecting rods of steamboats, are painted
to be preserved from oxidation.

SLUSH
Slush, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slushed; p. pr. & vb. n. Slushing.]

1. To smear with slush or grease; as, to slush a mast.

2. To paint with a mixture of white lead and lime.

SLUSHY
Slush"y, a.

Defn: Abounding in slush; characterized by soft mud or half-melted
snow; as, the streets are slushy; the snow is slushy. "A dark,
drizzling, slushy day." Blackw. Mag.

SLUT
Slut, n. Etym: [OE. slutte; cf. OD. slodde a slut, Icel. slöttr a
heavy, loglike fellow, slota to droop.]

1. An untidy woman; a slattern.
Sluts are good enough to make a sloven's porridge. Old Proverb.

2. A servant girl; a drudge. [Obs.]
Our little girl Susan is a most admirable slut, and pleases us
mightly, doing more service than both the others. Pepys.

3. A female dog; a bitch.

SLUTCH
Slutch, n. Etym: [CF. Sludge.]

Defn: Slush. [Prov. Eng.]

SLUTCHY
Slutch"y, a.

Defn: Slushy. [Prov. Eng.] Pennant.

SLUTHHOUND
Sluth"hound`, n.

Defn: Sleuthhound.

SLUTTERY
Slut"ter*y, n.

Defn: The qualities and practices of a slut; sluttishness;
slatternlines. Drayton.

SLUTTISH
Slut"tish, a.

Defn: Like a slut; untidy; indecently negligent of cleanliness;
disorderly; as, a sluttish woman.
Why is thy lord so slutish, I thee pray. Chaucer.
An air of liberal, though sluttish, plenty, indicated the wealthy
farmer. Sir W. Scott.
-- Slut"tish*ly, adv.
 -- Slut"tish*ness, n.

SLY
Sly, a. [Compar. Slier or Slyer; superl. Sliest or Slyest.] Etym:
[OE. sli, slegh, sleih, Icel sl, for sl; akin to Sw. slug, Dan. slu,
LG. slou, G. schlau; probably to E. slay, v.t.; cf. G. verschlagen
sly. See Slay, v. t., and cf. Sleight.]

1. Dexterous in performing an action, so as to escape notice; nimble;
skillful; cautious; shrewd; knowing; -- in a good sense.
Be ye sly as serpents, and simple as doves. Wyclif (Matt. x. 16).
Whom graver age And long experience hath made wise and sly. Fairfax.

2. Artfully cunning; secretly mischievous; wily.
For my sly wiles and subtle craftiness, The litle of the kingdom I
possess. Spenser.

3. Done with, and marked by, artful and dexterous secrecy; subtle;
as, a sly trick.
Envy works in a sly and imperceptible manner. I. Watts.

4. Light or delicate; slight; thin. [Obs.] By the sly, or On the sly,
in a sly or secret manner. [Colloq.] "Gazed on Hetty's charms by the
sly." G. Eliot.
 -- Sly goose (Zoöl.), the common sheldrake; -- so named from its
craftiness.

Syn.
 -- Cunning; crafty; subtile; wily. See Cunning.

SLY
Sly, adv.

Defn: Slyly. [Obs. or Poetic] Spenser.

SLYBOOTS
Sly"boots`, n.

Defn: A humerous appellation for a sly, cunning, or waggish person.
Slyboots was cursedly cunning to hide 'em. Goldsmith.

SLYLY
Sly"ly, adv.

Defn: In a sly manner; shrewdly; craftily.
Honestly and slyly he it spent. Chaucer.

SLYNESS
Sly"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sly.

SLYPE
Slype, n. Etym: [Cf. D. sluipen to sneak.] (Arch.)

Defn: A narrow passage between two buildings, as between the transept
and chapter house of a monastery. [Eng.]

SMACK
Smack, n. Etym: [D. smak; akin to LG. smack, smak, Dan. smakke, G.
schmacke, F. semaque.] (Naut.)

Defn: A small sailing vessel, commonly rigged as a sloop, used
chiefly in the coasting and fishing trade.

SMACK
Smack, n. Etym: [OE. smak, AS. ssm taste, savor; akin to D. smaak, G.
geschmack, OHG. smac; cf. Lith. smagus pleasant. Cf. Smack, v. i.]

1. Taste or flavor, esp. a slight taste or flavor; savor; tincture;
as, a smack of bitter in the medicine. Also used figuratively.
So quickly they have taken a smack in covetousness. Robynson (More's
Utopia).
They felt the smack of this world. Latimer.

2. A small quantity; a taste. Dryden.

3. A loud kiss; a buss. "A clamorous smack." Shak.

4. A quick, sharp noise, as of the lips when suddenly separated, or
of a whip.

5. A quick, smart blow; a slap. Johnson.

SMACK
Smack, adv.

Defn: As if with a smack or slap. [Colloq.]

SMACK
Smack, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Smacked; p. pr. & vb. n. Smacking.] Etym:
[OE. smaken to taste, have a taste, -- from the noun; cf. AS. smecan
taste; akin to D. smaken, G. schmecken, OHG. smechen to taste,
smachschmatzen to smack the lips, to kiss with a sharp noise, MHG.
smatzen, smackzeen), Icel smakka to taste, Sw. smaka, Dan. smage. See
2d Smack, n.]

1. To have a smack; to be tinctured with any particular taste.

2. To have or exhibit indications of the presence of any character or
quality.
All sects, all ages, smack of this vice. Shak.

3. To kiss with a close compression of the lips, so as to make a
sound when they separate; to kiss with a sharp noise; to buss.

4. To make a noise by the separation of the lips after tasting
anything.

SMACK
Smack, v. t.

1. To kiss with a sharp noise; to buss.

2. To open, as the lips, with an inarticulate sound made by a quick
compression and separation of the parts of the mouth; to make a noise
with, as the lips, by separating them in the act of kissing or after
tasting.
Drinking off the cup, and smacking his lips with an air of ineffable
relish. Sir W. Scott.

3. To make a sharp noise by striking; to crack; as, to smack a whip.
"She smacks the silken thong." Young.

SMACKING
Smack"ing, n.

Defn: A sharp, quick noise; a smack.
Like the faint smacking of an after kiss. Dryden.

SMACKING
Smack"ing, a.

Defn: Making a sharp, brisk sound; hence, brisk; as, a smacking
breeze.

SMALL
Small, a. [Compar. Smaller; superl. Smallest.] Etym: [OE. small, AS.
sm$l; akin to D. smal narrow, OS. & OHG. smal small, G. schmal
narrow, Dan. & Sw. smal, Goth. smals small, Icel. smali smal cattle,
sheep, or goats; cf. Gr.

1. Having little size, compared with other things of the same kind;
little in quantity or degree; diminutive; not large or extended in
dimension; not great; not much; inconsiderable; as, a small man; a
small river.
To compare Great things with small. Milton.

2. Being of slight consequence; feeble in influence or importance;
unimportant; trivial; insignificant; as, a small fault; a small
business.

3. Envincing little worth or ability; not large-minded; -- sometimes,
in reproach, paltry; mean.
A true delineation of the smallest man is capable of interesting the
reatest man. Carlyle.

4. Not prolonged in duration; not extended in time; short; as, after
a small space. Shak.

5. Weak; slender; fine; gentle; soft; not loud. "A still, small
voice." 1 Kings xix. 12. Great and small,of all ranks or degrees; --
used especially of persons. "His quests, great and small." Chaucer.
 -- Small arms, muskets, rifles, pistols, etc., in distinction from
cannon.
 -- Small beer. See under Beer.
 -- Small coal. (a) Little coals of wood formerly used to light
fires. Gay. (b) Coal about the size of a hazelnut, separated from the
coarser parts by screening.
 -- Small craft (Naut.), a vessel, or vessels in general, of a small
size.
 -- Small fruits. See under Fruit.
 -- Small hand, a certain size of paper. See under Paper.
 -- Small hours. See under Hour.
 -- Small letter. (Print.), a lower-case letter. See Lower-case, and
Capital letter, under Capital, a.
 -- Small piece, a Scotch coin worth about 2 -- Small register. See
the Note under 1st Register, 7.
 -- Small stuff (Naut.), spun yarn, marline, and the smallest kinds
of rope. R. H. Dana, Jr.
 -- Small talk, light or trifling conversation; chitchat.
 -- Small wares (Com.), various small textile articles, as tapes,
braid, tringe, and the like. M`Culloch.

SMALL
Small, adv.

1. In or to small extent, quantity, or degree; little; slightly.
[Obs.] "I wept but small." Chaucer. "It small avails my mood." Shak.

2. Not loudly; faintly; timidly. [Obs. or Humorous]
You may speak as small as you will. Shak.

SMALL
Small, n.

1. The small or slender part of a thing; as, the small of the leg or
of the back.

2. pl.

Defn: Smallclothes. [Colloq.] Hood. Dickens.

3. pl.

Defn: Same as Little go. See under Little, a.

SMALL
Small, v. t.

Defn: To make little or less. [Obs.]

SMALLAGE
Small"age, n. Etym: [Small + F. ache smallage. See Ach parsley.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A biennial umbelliferous plant (Apium graveolens) native of the
seacoats of Europe and Asia. When deprived of its acrid and even
poisonous properties by cultivation, it becomes celery.

SMALLCLOTHES
Small"clothes`, n. pl.

Defn: A man's garment for the hips and thighs; breeches. See
Breeches.

SMALLISH
Small"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat small. G. W. Cable.

SMALLNESS
Small"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being small.

SMALLPOX
Small"pox`, n. Etym: [Small + pox, pocks.] (Med.)

Defn: A contagious, constitutional, febrile disease characterized by
a peculiar eruption; variola. The cutaneous eruption is at first a
collection of papules which become vesicles (first flat, subsequently
umbilicated) and then pustules, and finally thick crusts which slough
after a certain time, often leaving a pit, or scar.

SMALLS
Smalls, n. pl.

Defn: See Small, n., 2, 3.

SMALLSWORD
Small"sword`, n.

Defn: A light sword used for thrusting only; especially, the sword
worn by civilians of rank in the eighteenth century.

SMALLY
Smal"ly, adv.

Defn: In a small quantity or degree; with minuteness. [R.] Ascham.

SMALT
Smalt, n. Etym: [It. smalto, LL. smaltum; of Teutonic origin; cf.
OHG. smalz grease, butter, G. schmalz grease, OHG. smelzan to melt,
G. schmelzen. See Smelt, v. t., and cf. Amel, Enamel.]

Defn: A deep blue pigment or coloring material used in various arts.
It is a vitreous substance made of cobalt, potash, and calcined
quartz fused, and reduced to a powder.

SMALT-BLUE
Smalt"-blue`, a.

Defn: Deep blue, like smalt.

SMALTINE; SMALTITE
Smalt"ine, Smalt"ite, n. Etym: [See Smalt.] (Min.)

Defn: A tin-white or gray mineral of metallic luster. It is an
arsenide of cobalt, nickel, and iron. Called also speiskobalt.

SMARAGD
Smar"agd, n. Etym: [L. smaragdus. See Emerald.]

Defn: The emerald. [Obs.] Bale.

SMARAGDINE
Sma*rag"dine, a. Etym: [L. smaragdinus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to emerald; resembling emerald; of an emerald
green.

SMARAGDITE
Sma*rag"dite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. smaragdite; -- so called from its
emerald-green color. See Smaragd.] (Min.)

Defn: A green foliated kind of amphibole, observed in eclogite and
some varietis of gabbro.

SMART
Smart, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Smarted; p. pr. & vb. n. Smarting.] Etym:
[OE. smarten, AS. smeortan; akin to D. smarten, smerten, G.
schmerzen, OHG. smerzan, Dan. smerte, SW. smärta, D. smart, smert, a
pain, G. schmerz, Ohg. smerzo, and probably to L. mordere to bite;
cf. Gr. m to rub, crush. Cf. Morsel.]

1. To feel a lively, pungent local pain; -- said of some part of the
body as the seat of irritation; as, my finger smarts; these wounds
smart. Chaucer. Shak.

2. To feel a pungent pain of mind; to feel sharp pain or grief; to
suffer; to feel the sting of evil.
No creature smarts so little as a fool. Pope.
He that is surety for a stranger shall smart for it. Prov. xi. 15.

SMART
Smart, v. t.

Defn: To cause a smart in. "A goad that . . . smarts the flesh." T.
Adams.

SMART
Smart, n. Etym: [OE. smerte. See Smart, v. i.]

1. Quick, pungent, lively pain; a pricking local pain, as the pain
from puncture by nettles. "In pain's smart." Chaucer.

2. Severe, pungent pain of mind; pungent grief; as, the smart of
affliction.
To stand 'twixt us and our deserved smart. Milton.
Counsel mitigates the greatest smart. Spenser.

3. A fellow who affects smartness, briskness, and vivacity; a dandy.
[Slang] Fielding.

4. Smart money (see below). [Canf]

SMART
Smart, a. [Compar. Smarter; superl. Smartest.] Etym: [OE. smerte. See
Smart, v. i.]

1. Causing a smart; pungent; pricking; as, a smart stroke or taste.
How smart lash that speech doth give my conscience. Shak.

2. Keen; severe; poignant; as, smart pain.

3. Vigorous; sharp; severe. "Smart skirmishes, in which many fell."
Clarendon.

4. Accomplishing, or able to accomplish, results quickly; active;
sharp; clever. [Colloq.]

5. Efficient; vigorous; brilliant. "The stars shine smarter." Dryden.

6. Marked by acuteness or shrewdness; quick in suggestion or reply;
vivacious; witty; as, a smart reply; a smart saying.
Who, for the poor renown of being smart Would leave a sting within a
brother's heart Young.
A sentence or two, . . . which I thought very smart. Addison.

7. Pretentious; showy; spruce; as, a smart gown.

8. Brisk; fresh; as, a smart breeze. Smart money. (a) Money paid by a
person to buy himself off from some unpleasant engagement or some
painful situation. (b) (Mil.) Money allowed to soldiers or sailors,
in the English service, for wounds and injures received; also, a sum
paid by a recruit, previous to being sworn in, to procure his release
from service. (c) (Law) Vindictive or exemplary damages; damages
beyond a full compensation for the actual injury done. Burrill.
Greenleaf.
 -- Smart ticket, a certificate given to wounded seamen, entitling
them to smart money. [Eng.] Brande & C.

Syn.
 -- Pungent; poignant; sharp; tart; acute; quick; lively; brisk;
witty; clever; keen; dashy; showy.
 -- Smart, Clever. Smart has been much used in New England to
describe a person who is intelligent, vigorous, and active; as, a
smart young fellow; a smart workman, etc., conciding very nearly with
the English sense of clever. The nearest approach to this in England
is in such expressions as, he was smart (pungent or witty) in his
reply, etc.; but smart and smartness, when applied to persons, more
commonly refer to dress; as, a smart appearance; a smart gown, etc.

SMARTEN
Smart"en, v. t.

Defn: To make smart or spruce; -- usually with up. [Colloq.]
She had to go and smarten herself up somewhat. W. Black.

SMARTLE
Smar"tle, v. i.

Defn: To waste away. [Prov. Eng.]

SMARTLY
Smart"ly, adv.

Defn: In a smart manner.

SMARTNESS
Smart"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being smart.

SMARTWEED
Smart"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An acrid plant of the genus Polygonum (P. Hydropiper), which
produces smarting if applied where the skin is tender.

SMASH
Smash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smashed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Smashing.]
Etym: [Cf. Sw. smisk a blow, stroke, smiska to strike, dial. Sw.
smaske to kiss with a noise, and E. smack a loud kiss, a slap.]

Defn: To break in pieces by violence; to dash to pieces; to crush.
Here everything is broken and smashed to pieces. Burke.

SMASH
Smash, v. i.

Defn: To break up, or to pieces suddenly, as the result of collision
or pressure.

SMASH
Smash, n.

1. A breaking or dashing to pieces; utter destruction; wreck.

2. Hence, bankruptcy. [Colloq.]

SMASHER
Smash"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, smashes or breaks things to pieces.

2. Anything very large or extraordinary. [Slang]

3. One who passes counterfeit coin. [Cant, Eng.]

SMATCH
Smatch, n. Etym: [OE. smach, smak. See Smack taste.]

Defn: Taste; tincture; smack. [Obs.]
Thy life hath had some smatch of honor in it. Shak.

SMATCH
Smatch, v. i.

Defn: To smack. [Obs.] Banister (1578).

SMATTER
Smat"ter, v. i. Etym: [OE. smateren to make a noise; cf. Sw. smattra
to clatter, to crackle, G. schmettern to dash, crash, to warble,
quaver.]

1. To talk superficially or ignorantly; to babble; to chatter.
Of state affairs you can not smatter. Swift.

2. To have a slight taste, or a slight, superficial knowledge, of
anything; to smack.

SMATTER
Smat"ter, v. t.

1. To talk superficially about.

2. To gain a slight taste of; to acquire a slight, superficial
knowledge of; to smack. Chaucer.

SMATTER
Smat"ter, n.

Defn: Superficial knowledge; a smattering.

SMATTERER
Smat"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who has only a slight, superficial knowledge; a sciolist.

SMATTERING
Smat"ter*ing, n.

Defn: A slight, superficial knowledge of something; sciolism.
I had a great desire, not able to attain to a superficial skill in
any, to have some smattering in all. Burton.

SMEAR
Smear, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smeared; p. pr. & vb. n. Smearing.] Etym:
[OE. smeren, smerien, AS. smierwan, smyrwan, fr. smeoru fat, grease;
akin to D. smeren, OHG. smirwen, G. schmieren, Icel. smyrja to
anoint. See Smear, n.]

1. To overspread with anything unctuous, viscous, or adhesive; to
daub; as, to smear anything with oil. "Smear the sleepy grooms with
blood." Shak.

2. To soil in any way; to contaminate; to pollute; to stain morally;
as, to be smeared with infamy. Shak.

SMEAR
Smear, n. Etym: [OE. smere,. smeoru fat, grease; akin to D. smeer, G.
schmeer, OHG. smero, Icel. smjör, Sw. & Dan. smör butter, Goth. smaír
fatness, smarna dung; cf. Lith. smarsas fat. Cf. Smirch.]

1. A fat, oily substance; oinment. Johnson.

2. Hence, a spot made by, or as by, an unctuous or adhesive
substance; a blot or blotch; a daub; a stain.
Slow broke the morn, All damp and rolling vapor, with no sun, But in
its place a moving smear of light. Alexander Smith.

SMEARCASE
Smear"case`, n. [G. schmierkäse; schmier grease (or schmieren to
smear) + käse cheese.]

Defn: Cottage cheese. [Local, U. S.]

SMEAR DAB
Smear" dab". (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sand fluke (b). [Prov. Eng.]

SMEARED
Smeared, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the color mark ings ill defined, as if rubbed; as, the
smeared dagger moth (Apatela oblinita).

SMEARY
Smear"y, a.

Defn: Tending to smear or soil; adhesive; viscous. Rowe.

SMEATH
Smeath, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The smew. [Prov. Eng.]

SMECTITE
Smec"tite, n. Etym: [G. smectit, fr. Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous silicate of alumina, of a greenish color, which, in
certain states of humidity, appears transparent and almost
gelatinous.

SMEE
Smee, n. Etym: [Cf. Smew.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The pintail duck.
(b) The widgeon.
(c) The poachard.
(d) The smew. [Prov. Eng.]

SMEETH
Smeeth, v. t. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: To smoke; to blacken with smoke; to rub with soot. [Obs.]

SMEETH
Smeeth, v. t. Etym: [OE. sme, AS. sm. See Smooth.]

Defn: To smooth. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

SMEGMA
Smeg"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: The matter secreted by any of the sebaceous glands.
Specifically:
(a) The soapy substance covering the skin of newborn infants.
(b) The cheesy, sebaceous matter which collects between the glans
penis and the foreskin.

SMEGMATIC
Smeg*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Being of the nature of soap; soapy; cleansing; detersive.

SMEIR
Smeir, n.

Defn: A salt glaze on pottery, made by adding common salt to an
earthenware glaze.

SMELL
Smell, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smelled, Smelt (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Smelling.] Etym: [OE. smellen, smillen, smullen; cf. LG. smellen,
smelen, smölen, schmelen, to smoke, to reek, D. smeulen to smolder,
and E. smolder. Cf. Smell, n.]

1. To perceive by the olfactory nerves, or organs of smell; to have a
sensation of, excited through the nasal organs when affected by the
appropriate materials or qualities; to obtain the scent of; as, to
smell a rose; to smell perfumes.

2. To detect or perceive, as if by the sense of smell; to scent out;
-- often with out. "I smell a device." Shak.
Can you smell him out by that Shak.

3. To give heed to. [Obs.]
From that time forward I began to smellthe Word of God, and forsook
the school doctors. Latimer.
To smell a rat, to have a sense of something wrong, not clearly
evident; to have reason for suspicion. [Colloq.] -- To smell out, to
find out by sagacity. [Colloq.]

SMELL
Smell, v. i.

1. To affect the olfactory nerves; to have an odor or scent; -- often
followed by of; as, to smell of smoke, or of musk.

2. To have a particular tincture or smack of any quality; to savor;
as, a report smells of calumny.
Praises in an enemy are superfluous, or smell of craft. Milton.

3. To exercise the sense of smell. Ex. xxx. 38.

4. To exercise sagacity. Shak.

SMELL
Smell, n. Etym: [OE. smel, smil, smul, smeol. See Smell, v. t.]
(Physiol.)

1. The sense or faculty by which certain qualities of bodies are
perceived through the instrumentally of the olfactory nerves. See
Sense.

2. The quality of any thing or substance, or emanation therefrom,
which affects the olfactory organs; odor; scent; fragrance; perfume;
as, the smell of mint.
Breathing the smell of field and grove. Milton.
That which, above all others, yields the sweetest smell in the air,
is the violent. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Scent; odor; perfume; fragrance.

SMELLER
Smell"er, n.

1. One who smells, or perceives by the sense of smell; one who gives
out smell.

2. The nose. [Pugilists' Slang]

SMELL-FEAST
Smell"-feast`, n.

1. One who is apt to find and frequent good tables; a parasite; a
sponger.
The epicure and the smell-feast. South.

2. A feast at which the guests are supposed to feed upon the odors
only of the viands.

SMELLING
Smell"ing, n.

1. The act of one who smells.

2. The sense by which odors are perceived; the sense of smell. Locke.
Smelling bottle, a small bottle filled with something suited to
stimulate the sense of smell, or to remove faintness, as spirits of
ammonia.

SMELLING SALTS
Smell"ing salts.

Defn: An aromatic preparation of carbonate of ammonia and, often,
some scent, to avoid or relieve faintness, headache, or the like.

SMELL-LESS
Smell"-less, a.

Defn: Destitute of smell; having no odor.
Daisies smell-less, yet most quaint. Beau & Fl.

SMELT
Smelt, imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Smell.

SMELT
Smelt, n. Etym: [AS. smelt, smylt; akin to Dan. smelt.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small silvery salmonoid fishes
of the genus Osmerus and allied genera, which ascend rivers to spawn,
and sometimes become landlocked in lakes. They are esteemed as food,
and have a peculiar odor and taste.

Note: The most important species are the European smelt (Osmerus
eperlans) (called also eperlan, sparling, and spirling), the Eastern
American smelt (O. mordax), the California smelt (O. thalichthys),
and the surf smelt (Hypomesus olidus). The name is loosely applied to
various other small fishes, as the lant, the California tomcod, the
spawn eater, the silverside.

2. Fig.: A gull; a simpleton. [Obs.] eau & Fl. Sand smelt (Zoöl.),
the silverside.

SMELT
Smelt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smelted; p. pr. & vb. n. Smelting.] Etym:
[Of foreign origin; cf. Sw. smälta, D. smelten, Dan. smelte, Icel.
smelta, G. schmelzen OHG. smelzan, smelzen; probably akin to Gr.
Enamel, Melt, Mute, v. i., Smalt.] (Metal.)

Defn: To melt or fuse, as, ore, for the purpose of separating and
refining the metal; hence, to reduce; to refine; to flux or scorify;
as, to smelt tin.

SMELTER
Smelt"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, smelts.

SMELTERY
Smelt"er*y, n.

Defn: A house or place for smelting.

SMELTIE
Smelt"ie, n.

Defn: A fish, the bib. [Prov. Eng.]

SMELTING
Smelt"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Smelt. Smelting furnace (Metal.), a furnace in
which ores are smelted or reduced.

SMERK
Smerk, n. & v.

Defn: See Smirk.

SMERK; SMERKY
Smerk, Smerk"y, a.

Defn: Smart; jaunty; spruce. See Smirk, a. [Obs.]
So smerk, so smooth, his pricked ears. Spenser.

SMERLIN
Smer"lin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small loach.

SMEW
Smew, n. Etym: [Perhaps for ice-mew.] (Zoöl.)
(a) small European merganser (Mergus albellus) which has a white
crest; -- called also smee, smee duck, white merganser, and white
nun.
(b) The hooded merganser. [Local, U.S.]

SMICKER
Smick"er, v. i. Etym: [Akin to Sw. smickra to flatter, Dan. smigre,
and perhaps to G. schmeicheln, and E. smile. Cf. Smicker, a.]

Defn: To look amorously or wantonly; to smirk.

SMICKER
Smick"er, a. Etym: [AS. smicere tasteful, trim. See Smicker, v.]

Defn: Amorous; wanton; gay; spruce. [Obs.]

SMICKERING
Smick"er*ing, n.

Defn: Amorous glance or inclination. [Obs.] "A smickering to our
young lady." Dryden.

SMICKET
Smick"et, n. Etym: [Dim. of smock.]

Defn: A woman's under-garment; a smock. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Johnson.

SMICKLY
Smick"ly, adv.

Defn: Smugly; finically. [Obs.] Ford.

SMIDDY
Smid"dy, n. Etym: [See Smithy.]

Defn: A smithy. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

SMIFT
Smift, n.

Defn: A match for firing a charge of powder, as in blasting; a fuse.

SMIGHT
Smight, v. t.

Defn: To smite. [Obs.] Spenser.

SMILACIN
Smil"a*cin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. similacine. See Smilax.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Parrilin.

SMILAX
Smi"lax, n. Etym: [L., bindweed, Gr. (Bot.)
(a) A genus of perennial climbing plants, usually with a prickly
woody stem; green brier, or cat brier. The rootstocks of certain
species are the source of the medicine called sarsaparilla.
(b) A delicate trailing plant (Myrsiphyllum asparagoides) much used
for decoration. It is a native of the Cape of Good Hope.

SMILE
Smile, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Smiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Smiling.] Etym:
[OE. smilen; akin to Dan. smile, Sw. smila, MHG. smielen, smieren, L.
mirari to wonder at, Skr. smi to smile; and probably to E. smicker.
sq. root173. Cf. Admire, Marvel, Smirk.]

1. To express amusement, pleasure, moderate joy, or love and
kindness, by the features of the face; to laugh silently.
He doth nothing but frown . . . He hears merry tales and smiles not.
Shak.
She led to see the doughty hero slain. Pope.
When last I saw thy young blue eyes, they smiled. Byron.

2. To express slight contempt by a look implying sarcasm or pity; to
sneer.
'T was what I said to Craggs and Child, Who praised my modesty, and
smiled. Pope.

3. To look gay and joyous; to have an appearance suited to excite
joy; as, smiling spring; smilimg plenty.
The desert smiled, And paradise was opened in the wild. Pope.

4. To be propitious or favorable; to favor; to countenance; -- often
with on; as, to smile on one's labors.

SMILE
Smile, v. t.

1. To express by a smile; as, to smile consent; to smile a welcome to
visitors.

2. To affect in a certain way with a smile. [R.]
And sharply smile prevailing folly dead. Young.

SMILE
Smile, n. Etym: [CF. Dan. smiil, Sw. smil. See Smile, v. i.]

1. The act of smiling; a peculiar change or brightening of the face,
which expresses pleasure, moderate joy, mirth, approbation, or
kindness; -- opposed to frown.
Sweet intercourse Of looks and smiles: for smiles from reason flow.
Milton.

2. A somewhat similar expression of countenance, indicative of
satisfaction combined with malevolent feelings, as contempt, scorn,
etc; as, a scornful smile.

3. Favor; countenance; propitiousness; as, the smiles of Providence.
"The smile of heaven." Shak.

4. Gay or joyous appearance; as, the smiles of spring.
The brightness of their [the flowers'] smile was gone. Bryant.

SMILELESS
Smile"less, a.

Defn: Not having a smile.

SMILER
Smil"er, n.

Defn: One who smiles. Tennyson.

SMILET
Smil"et, n.

Defn: A little smile. [R.]
Those happy smilets That played on her ripe lip. Shak.

SMILINGLY
Smil"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a smiling manner. Shak.

SMILINGNESS
Smil"ing*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being smiling.
And made despair a smilingness assume. Byron.

SMILODON
Smi"lo*don, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of saber-toothed tigers. See Mach.

SMILT
Smilt, v. i.

Defn: To melt. [Obs.] Mortimer.

SMINTHURID
Smin*thu"rid, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous small species of springtails, of the family
Sminthurid, -- usually found on flowers. See Illust. under
Collembola.

SMIRCH
Smirch, v. t. Etym: [From the root of smear.]

Defn: To smear with something which stains, or makes dirty; to
smutch; to begrime; to soil; to sully.
I'll . . . with a kind of umber smirch my face. Shak.

SMIRCH
Smirch, n.

Defn: A smutch; a dirty stain.

SMIRK
Smirk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Smirked; p. pr. & vb. n. Smirking.] Etym:
[OE. smirken, ASS. smercian, smearcian; cf. MHG. smieren, smielen, to
smile. See Smile, v. i.]

Defn: To smile in an affected or conceited manner; to smile with
affected complaisance; to simper.

SMIRK
Smirk, n.

Defn: A forced or affected smile; a simper.
The bride, all smirk and blush, had just entered. Sir W. Scott.

SMIRK
Smirk, a.

Defn: Nice,; smart; spruce; affected; simpering. "So smirk, so
smooth." Spenser.

SMIRKINGLY
Smirk"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With smirking; with a smirk.

SMIRKY
Smirk"y, a.

Defn: Smirk; smirking.

SMIT
Smit, rare

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Smite. Spenser.
Smit with the beauty of so fair a scene. Cowper.

SMIT
Smit, obs.

Defn: 3d. pers. sing. pres. of Smite. Chaucer.

SMITE
Smite, v. t. [imp. Smoth, rarely Smit (; p. p. Smitten, rarely Smit,
or Smote; p. pr. & vb. n. Smiting.] Etym: [AS. smitan to smite, to
soil, pollute; akin to OFries. smita to smite, LG. smiten, D.
smijten, G. schmeissen, OHG. smizan to smear, stroke, OSw. & dial.
Sw. smita to smite, Dan. smiide to throw, Goth. bismeitan, to anoint,
besmear; cf. Skr. m to be fat. The original sense seems to have been,
to daub on, to smear. Cf. Smut.]

1. To strike; to inflict a blow upon with the hand, or with any
instrument held in the hand, or with a missile thrown by the hand;
as, to smite with the fist, with a rod, sword, spear, or stone.
Whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other
also. Matt. v. 39.
And David . . . took thence a stone, and slang it, and smote the
Philistine in his forehead. 1 Sam. xvii. 49.

2. To cause to strike; to use as an instrument in striking or
hurling.
Profpesy, and smite thine hands together. Ezek. xxi. 14.
Saul . . . smote the javelin into the wall. 1 Sam. xix. 10.

3. To destroy the life of by beating, or by weapons of any kind; to
slay by a blow; to kill; as, to smite one with the sword, or with an
arrow or other instrument.

4. To put to rout in battle; to overthrow by war.

5. To blast; to destroy the life or vigor of, as by a stroke or by
some visitation.
The flax and the barely was smitten. Ex. ix. 31.

6. To afflict; to chasten; to punish.
Let us not mistake God's goodness, nor imagine, because he smites us,
that we are forsaken by him. Wake.

7. To strike or affect with passion, as love or fear.
The charms that smite the simple heart. Pope.
Smith with the love of sister arts we came. Pope.
To smite off, to cut off.
 -- To smite out, to knock out, as a tooth. Exod,xxi.27.
 -- To smite with the tongue, to reproach or upbarid; to revile.
[Obs.] Jer. xviii. 18.

SMITE
Smite, v. i.

Defn: To strike; to collide; to beat. [Archaic]
The heart meleth, and the knees smite together. Nah. ii. 10.

SMITE
Smite, n.

Defn: The act of smiting; a blow.

SMITER
Smit"er, n.

Defn: One who smites.
I give my back to the smiters. Isa. l. 6.

SMITH
Smith, n. Etym: [AS. smi; akin to D. smid, G. schmied, OHG. smid,
Icel. smi, Dan. & Sw. smed, Goth. smi (in comp.); cf. Gr.

1. One who forgess with the hammer; one who works in metals; as, a
blacksmith, goldsmith, silversmith, and the like. Piers Plowman.
Nor yet the smith hath learned to form a sword. Tate.

2. One who makes or effects anything. [R.] Dryden.

SMITH
Smith, v. t. Etym: [AS. smi. See Smith, n.]

Defn: To beat into shape; to fprge. [Obs.] Chaucer.
What smith that any [weapon] smitheth. Piers Plowman.

SMITHCRAFT
Smith"craft`, n.

Defn: The art or occupation of a smith; smithing. [R.] Sir W.
Raleigh.

SMITHER
Smith"er, n.

1. Light, fine rain. [Prov. Eng.]

2. pl.

Defn: Fragments; atoms; finders. [Prov. Eng.]
Smash the bottle to smithers. Tennyson.

SMITHEREENS
Smith`er*eens", n. pl.

Defn: Fragments; atoms; smithers. [Colloq.] W. Black.

SMITHERY
Smith"er*y, n.; pl. -ies (.

1. The workshop of a smith; a smithy or stithy.

2. Work done by a smith; smithing.
The din of all his smithery may some time or other possibly wake this
noble duke. Burke.

SMITHING
Smith"ing, n.

Defn: The act or art of working or forging metals, as iron, into any
desired shape. Moxon.

SMITHSONIAN
Smith*so"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Englishman J.L.M. Smithson, or to the
national institution of learning which he endowed at Washington,
D.C.; as, the Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Reports.
 -- n.

Defn: The Smithsonian Institution.

SMITHSONITE
Smith"son*ite, n. Etym: [See Smithsonian.] (Min.)

Defn: Native zinc carbonate. It generally occurs in stalactitic,
reniform, or botryoidal shapes, of a white to gray, green, or brown
color. See Note under Calamine.

SMITHY
Smith"y, n. Etym: [AS. smi, fr. smi; akin to D. smidse, smids, OHG.
smitta, G. schmiede, Icel. smi. See Smith, n.]

Defn: The workshop of a smith, esp. a blacksmith; a smithery; a
stithy. [Written also smiddy.]
Under a spreading chestnut tree The village smithy stands. Lonfellow.

SMITT
Smitt, n. Etym: [CF. G. schmitz a stain, schmitzen besmear. See
Smite, v. t.]

Defn: Fine clay or ocher made up into balls, used for marking sheep.
[Eng.] Woodsward.

SMITTEN
Smit"ten,

Defn: p. p. of Smite.

SMITTLE
Smit"tle, v. t. Etym: [Freq. fr. OE. smitten to befoul. See Smite, v.
t.]

Defn: To infect. [Prov. Eng.]

SMITTLE
Smit"tle, n.

Defn: Infection. [Pov. Eng.] Wright.

SMITTLE; SMITTLISH
Smit"tle, Smit"tlish, a.

Defn: Infectious; catching. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] H. Kingsley.

SMOCK
Smock, n. Etym: [AS. smoc; akin to OHG. smocho, Icel. smokkr, and
from the root of AS. sm to creep, akin to G. schmiegen to cling to,
press close. MHG. smiegen, Icel. smj to creep through, to put on a
garment which has a hole to put the head through; cf. Lith. smukti to
glide. Cf. Smug, Smuggle.]

1. A woman's under-garment; a shift; a chemise.
In her smock, with head and foot all bare. Chaucer.

2. A blouse; a smoock frock. Carlyle.

SMOCK
Smock, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a smock; resembling a smock; hence, of or
pertaining to a woman. Smock mill, a windmill of which only the cap
turns round to meet the wind, in distinction from a post mill, whose
whole building turns on a post.
 -- Smock race, a race run by women for the prize of a smock. [Prov.
Eng.]

SMOCK
Smock, v. t.

Defn: To provide with, or clothe in, a smock or a smock frock.
Tennyson.

SMOCK-FACED
Smock"-faced`, a.

Defn: Having a feminine countenance or complexion; smooth-faced;
girlish. Fenton.

SMOCK FROCK
Smock" frock`.

Defn: A coarse frock, or shirt, worn over the other dress, as by farm
laborers. Macaulay.

SMOCKLESS
Smock"less, a.

Defn: Wanting a smock. Chaucer.

SMOKABLE
Smok"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being smoked; suitable or ready to be smoked; as,
smokable tobacco.

SMOKE
Smoke, n. Etym: [AS. smoca, fr. smeócan to smoke; akin to LG. & D.
smook smoke, Dan. smög, G. schmauch, and perh. to Gr. smaugti to
choke.]

1. The visible exhalation, vapor, or substance that escapes, or
expelled, from a burning body, especially from burning vegetable
matter, as wood, coal, peat, or the like.

Note: The gases of hydrocarbons, raised to a red heat or thereabouts,
without a mixture of air enough to produce combustion, disengage
their carbon in a fine powder, forming smoke. The disengaged carbon
when deposited on solid bodies is soot.

2. That which resembles smoke; a vapor; a mist.

3. Anything unsubstantial, as idle talk. Shak.

4. The act of smoking, esp. of smoking tobacco; as, to have a smoke.
[Colloq.]

Note: Smoke is sometimes joined with other word. forming self-
explaining compounds; as, smoke-consuming, smoke-dried, smoke-
stained, etc. Smoke arch, the smoke box of a locomotive.
 -- Smoke ball (Mil.), a ball or case containing a composition which,
when it burns, sends forth thick smoke.
 -- Smoke black, lampblack. [Obs.] -- Smoke board, a board suspended
before a fireplace to prevent the smoke from coming out into the
room.
 -- Smoke box, a chamber in a boiler, where the smoke, etc., from the
furnace is collected before going out at the chimney.
 -- Smoke sail (Naut.), a small sail in the lee of the galley
stovepipe, to prevent the smoke from annoying people on deck.
 -- Smoke tree (Bot.), a shrub (Rhus Cotinus) in which the flowers
are mostly abortive and the panicles transformed into tangles of
plumose pedicels looking like wreaths of smoke.
 -- To end in smoke, to burned; hence, to be destroyed or ruined;
figuratively, to come to nothing.

Syn.
 -- Fume; reek; vapor.

SMOKE
Smoke, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Smoked; p. pr. & vb n. Smoking.] Etym:
[AS. smocian; akin to D. smoken, G. schmauchen, Dan. smöge. See
Smoke, n.]

1. To emit smoke; to throw off volatile matter in the form of vapor
or exhalation; to reek.
Hard by a cottage chimney smokes. Milton.

2. Hence, to burn; to be kindled; to rage.
The anger of the Lord and his jealousy shall smoke agains. that man.
Deut. xxix. 20.

3. To raise a dust or smoke by rapid motion.
Proud of his steeds, he smokes along the field. Dryden.

4. To draw into the mouth the smoke of tobacco burning in a pipe or
in the form of a cigar, cigarette, etc.; to habitually use tobacco in
this manner.

5. To suffer severely; to be punished.
Some of you shall smoke for it in Rome. Shak.

SMOKE
Smoke, v. t.

1. To apply smoke to; to hang in smoke; to disinfect, to cure, etc.,
by smoke; as, to smoke or fumigate infected clothing; to smoke beef
or hams for preservation.

2. To fill or scent with smoke; hence, to fill with incense; to
perfume. "Smoking the temple." Chaucer.

3. To smell out; to hunt out; to find out; to detect.
I alone Smoked his true person, talked with him. Chapman.
He was first smoked by the old Lord Lafeu. Shak.
Upon that . . . I began to smoke that they were a parcel of mummers.
Addison.

4. To ridicule to the face; to quiz. [Old Slang]

5. To inhale and puff out the smoke of, as tobacco; to burn or use in
smoking; as, to smoke a pipe or a cigar.

6. To subject to the operation of smoke, for the purpose of annoying
or driving out; -- often with out; as, to smoke a woodchuck out of
his burrow.

SMOKE BALL
Smoke ball.

Defn: Same as Puffball.

SMOKE-DRY
Smoke"-dry`, v. t.

Defn: To dry by or in smoke.

SMOKEHOUSE
Smoke"house`, n.

Defn: A building where meat or fish is cured by subjecting it to a
dense smoke.

SMOKEJACK
Smoke"jack`, n.

Defn: A contrivance for turning a spit by means of a fly or wheel
moved by the current of ascending air in a chimney.

SMOKELESS
Smoke"less, a.

Defn: Making or having no smoke. "Smokeless towers." Pope.

SMOKELESS POWDER
Smoke"less pow"der.

Defn: A high-explosive gunpowder whose explosion produces little, if
any, smoke.

SMOKER
Smok"er, n.

1. One who dries or preserves by smoke.

2. One who smokes tobacco or the like.

3. A smoking car or compartment. [U. S.]

SMOKESTACK
Smoke"stack`, n.

Defn: A chimney; esp., a pipe serving as a chimney, as the pipe which
carries off the smoke of a locomotive, the funnel of a steam vessel,
etc.

SMOKILY
Smok"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a smoky manner.

SMOKINESS
Smok"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being smoky.

SMOKING
Smok"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Smoke. Smoking bean (Bot.), the long pod of the catalpa,
or Indian-bean tree, often smoked by boys as a substitute for cigars.
 -- Smoking car, a railway car carriage reserved for the use of
passengers who smoke tobacco.

SMOKY
Smok"y, a. [Compar. Smokier; superl. Smokiest.]

1. Emitting smoke, esp. in large quantities or in an offensive
manner; fumid; as, smoky fires.

2. Having the appearance or nature of smoke; as, a smoky fog.
"Unlustrous as the smoky light." Shak.

3. Filled with smoke, or with a vapor resembling smoke; thick; as, a
smoky atmosphere.

4. Subject to be filled with smoke from chimneys or fireplace; as, a
smoky house.

5. Tarnished with smoke; noisome with smoke; as, smoky rafters; smoky
cells.

6. Suspicious; open to suspicion. [Obs.] Foote. Smoky quartz (Min.),
a variety of quartz crystal of a pale to dark smoky-brown color. See
Quartz.

SMOLDER; SMOULDER
Smol"der, Smoul"der, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Smoldered or Smouldered; p.
pr. & vb. n. Smoldering or Smouldering.] Etym: [OE. smolderen; cf.
Prov. G. smölen, smelen, D. smeulen. Cf. Smell.]

1. To burn and smoke without flame; to waste away by a slow and
supressed combustion.
The smoldering dust did round about him smoke. Spenser.

2. To exist in a state of suppressed or smothered activity; to burn
inwardly; as, a smoldering feud.

SMOLDER; SMOULDER
Smol"der, Smoul"der, v. t.

Defn: To smother; to suffocate; to choke. [Obs.] Holinshed.
Palsgrave.

SMOLDER; SMOULDER
Smol"der, Smoul"der, n.

Defn: Smoke; smother. [Obs.]
The smolder stops our nose with stench. Gascoigne.

SMOLDERING; SMOULDERING
Smol"der*ing, Smoul"der*ing, a.

Defn: Being in a state of suppressed activity; quiet but not dead.
Some evil chance Will make the smoldering scandal break and blaze.
Tennyson.

SMOLDERINGNESS; SMOULDERINGNESS
Smol"der*ing*ness, Smoul"der*ing*ness, n.

Defn: The state of smoldering.

SMOLDRY; SMOULDRY
Smol"dry, Smoul"dry, a.

Defn: Smoldering; suffocating; smothery. [Obs.]
A flaming fire ymixt with smoldry smoke. Spenser.

SMOLT
Smolt, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young salmon two or three years old, when it has acquired its
silvery color.

SMOOCH
Smooch, v. t.

Defn: See Smutch.

SMOOR
Smoor, v. t. Etym: [AS. smorian; akin to D. & LG. smoren, G. schmoren
to stew. Cf. Smother.]

Defn: To suffocate or smother. [Written also smore.] [Obs. or Prov.
Eng. & Scot.] Sir T. More. Burns.

SMOOTH
Smooth, a. [Compar. Smoother; superl. Smoothest.] Etym: [OE. smothe,
smethe, AS. smeedhe, smoeedte, where e, oe, come from an older o; cf.
LG. smöde, smöe, smödig; of uncertain origin.]

1. Having an even surface, or a surface so even that no roughness or
points can be perceived by the touch; not rough; as, smooth glass;
smooth porcelain. Chaucer.
The outlines must be smooth, imperceptible to the touch, and even,
without eminence or cavities. Dryden.

2. Evenly spread or arranged; sleek; as, smooth hair.

3. Gently flowing; moving equably; not ruffled or obstructed; as, a
smooth stream.

4. Flowing or uttered without check, obstruction, or hesitation; not
harsh; voluble; even; fluent.
The only smooth poet of those times. Milton.
Waller was smooth; but Dryden taught to join The varying verse, the
full-resounding line. Pope.
When sage Minerva rose, From her sweet lips smooth elocution flows.
Gay.

5. Bland; mild; smoothing; fattering.
This smooth discourse and mild behavior oft Conceal a traitor.
Addison.

6. (Mech. & Physics)

Defn: Causing no resistance to a body sliding along its surface;
frictionless.

Note: Smooth is often used in the formation of selfexplaining
compounds; as, smooth-bodied, smooth-browed, smooth-combed, smooth-
faced, smooth-finished, smooth-gliding, smooth-grained, smooth-
leaved, smooth-sliding, smooth-speaking, smooth-woven, and the like.

Syn.
 -- Even; plain; level; flat; polished; glossy; sleek; soft; bland;
mild; soothing; voluble; flattering; adulatory; deceptive.

SMOOTH
Smooth, adv.

Defn: Smoothly. Chaucer.
Smooth runs the water where the brook is deep. Shak.

SMOOTH
Smooth, n.

1. The act of making smooth; a stroke which smooths. Thackeray.

2. That which is smooth; the smooth part of anything. "The smooth of
his neck." Gen. xxvii. 16.

SMOOTH
Smooth, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smoothed (smoothd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Smoothing.] Etym: [OE. smothen, smethen, AS. smeedhian; cf. LG.
smöden. See Smooth, a.]

Defn: To make smooth; to make even on the surface by any means; as,
to smooth a board with a plane; to smooth cloth with an iron.
Specifically: --
(a) To free from obstruction; to make easy.
Thou, Abelard! the last sad office pay, And smooth my passage to the
realms of day. Pope.

(b) To free from harshness; to make flowing.
In their motions harmony divine So smooths her charming tones that
God's own ear Listens delighted. Milton.

(c) To palliate; to gloze; as, to smooth over a fault.
(d) To give a smooth or calm appearance to.
Each perturbation smoothed with outward calm. Milton.

(e) To ease; to regulate. Dryden.

SMOOTH
Smooth, v. i.

Defn: To flatter; to use blandishment.
Because I can not flatter and speak fair, Smile in men's faces,
smooth, deceive and cog. Shak.

SMOOTHBORE
Smooth"bore`, a. (Gun.)

Defn: Having a bore of perfectly smooth surface; -- distinguished
from rifled.
 -- n.

Defn: A smoothbore firearm.

SMOOTH-CHINNED
Smooth"-chinned`, a.

Defn: Having a smooth chin; beardless. Drayton.

SMOOTHEN
Smooth"en, v. t.

Defn: To make smooth. [Obs.]

SMOOTHER
Smooth"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, smooths.

SMOOTHING
Smooth"ing, a. & n.

Defn: fr. Smooth, v. Smoothing iron, an iron instrument with a
polished face, for smoothing clothes; a sadiron; a flatiron.
 -- Smoothing plane, a short, finely set plane, for smoothing and
finishing work.

SMOOTHLY
Smooth"ly, adv.

Defn: In a smooth manner.

SMOOTHNESS
Smooth"ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being smooth.

SMOOTH-SPOKEN
Smooth"-spo`ken, a.

Defn: Speaking smoothly; plausible; flattering; smooth-tongued.

SMOOTH-TONGUED
Smooth"-tongued`, a.

Defn: Having a smooth tongue; plausible; flattering.

SMORE
Smore, v. t.

Defn: To smother. See Smoor. [Obs.]
Some dying vomit blood, and some were smored. Du Bartas.

SMORZANDO; SMORSATO
Smor*zan"do, Smor*sa"to, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Growing gradually fainter and softer; dying away; morendo.

SMOTE
Smote,

Defn: imp. (and rare p. p.) of Smite.

SMOTERLICH
Smo"ter*lich, a. Etym: [CF. Smut.]

Defn: Dirty foul. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SMOTHER
Smoth"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smothered; p. pr. & vb. n. Smothering.]
Etym: [OE. smotheren; akin to E. smoor. See Smoor.]

1. To destroy the life of by suffocation; to deprive of the air
necessary for life; to cover up closely so as to prevent breathing;
to suffocate; as, to smother a child.

2. To affect as by suffocation; to stife; to deprive of air by a
thick covering, as of ashes, of smoke, or the like; as, to smother a
fire.

3. Hence, to repress the action of; to cover from public view; to
suppress; to conceal; as, to smother one's displeasure.

SMOTHER
Smoth"er, v. i.

1. To be suffocated or stifled.

2. To burn slowly, without sufficient air; to smolder.

SMOTHER
Smoth"er, n. Etym: [OE. smorther. See Smother, v. t.]

1. Stifling smoke; thick dust. Shak.

2. A state of suppression. [Obs.]
Not to keep their suspicions in smother. Bacon.
Smother fly (Zoöl.), an aphid.

SMOTHERED MATE
Smoth"ered mate. (Chess)

Defn: Checkmate given when movement of the king is completely
obstructed by his own men.

SMOTHERINESS
Smoth"er*i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being smothery.

SMOTHERINGLY
Smoth"er*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a smothering manner.

SMOTHERY
Smoth"er*y, a.

Defn: Tending to smother; stifling.

SMOUCH
Smouch, v. t. Etym: [Akin to smack.]

Defn: To kiss closely. [Obs.] P. Stubbes.

SMOUCH
Smouch, v. t. Etym: [See Smutch.]

Defn: To smutch; to soil; as, to smouch the face.

SMOUCH
Smouch, n.

Defn: A dark soil or stain; a smutch.

SMOULDER
Smoul"der, v. i.

Defn: See Smolder.

SMOULDRY
Smoul"dry, a.

Defn: See Smoldry.

SMUDGE
Smudge, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. smuds smut, E. smutch, or smoke.]

1. A suffocating smoke. Grose.

2. A heap of damp combustibles partially ignited and burning slowly,
placed on the windward side of a house, tent, or the like, in order,
by the thick smoke, to keep off mosquitoes or other insects. [U. S.]
Bartlett.

3. That which is smeared upon anything; a stain; a blot; a smutch; a
smear.

SMUDGE
Smudge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smudged; p. pr. & vb. n. Smudging.]

1. To stifle or smother with smoke; to smoke by means of a smudge.

2. To smear; to smutch; to soil; to blacken with smoke.

SMUDGINESS
Smudg"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being smudged, soiled, or blurred. C.
A. Young.

SMUG
Smug, a. Etym: [Of. Scand. or Low German origin; cf. LG. smuck, G.
schmuck, Dan. smuk, OSw. smuck, smöck, and E. smock, smuggle; cf. G.
schmuck ornament. See Smock.]

Defn: Studiously neat or nice, especially in dress; spruce;
affectedly precise; smooth and prim.
They be so smug and smooth. Robynson (More's Utopia).
The smug and scanty draperies of his style. De Quincey.
A young, smug, handsome holiness has no fellow. Beau & Fl.

SMUG
Smug, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smugged; p. pr. & vb. n. Smugging.]

Defn: To make smug, or spruce. [Obs.]
Thus said, he smugged his beard, and stroked up fair. Dryton.

SMUGGLE
Smug"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smuggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Smuggling.]
Etym: [Of Low German or Scand. origin; cf. LG. smuggeln, D.
smokkelen, G. schmuggeln, Dan. smugle, Sw. smyga to introduce or
convey secretly, Dan. i smug secretly, D. smuigen to eat in secret,
AS. smgan to creep. See Smock.]

1. To import or export secretly, contrary to the law; to import or
export without paying the duties imposed by law; as, to smuggle lace.

2. Fig.: To convey or introduce clandestinely.

SMUGGLE
Smug"gle, v. i.

Defn: To import or export in violation of the customs laws.

SMUGGLER
Smug"gler, n.

1. One who smuggles.

2. A vessel employed in smuggling.

SMUGLY
Smug"ly, adv.

Defn: In a smug manner. [R.] Gay.

SMUGNESS
Smug"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being smug.

SMUT
Smut, n. Etym: [Akin to Sw. smuts, Dan. smuds, MHG. smuz, G. schmutz,
D. smet a spot or stain, smoddig, smodsig, smodderig, dirty,
smodderen to smut; and probably to E. smite. See Smite, v. t., and
cf. Smitt, Smutch.]

1. Foul matter, like soot or coal dust; also, a spot or soil made by
such matter.

2. (Mining)

Defn: Bad, soft coal, containing much earthy matter, found in the
immediate locality of faults.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: An affection of cereal grains producing a swelling which is at
length resolved into a powdery sooty mass. It is caused by parasitic
fungi of the genus Ustilago. Ustilago segetum, or U. Carbo, is the
commonest kind; that of Indian corn is Ustilago maydis.

4. Obscene language; ribaldry; obscenity.
He does not stand upon decency . . . but will talk smut, though a
priest and his mother be in the room. Addison.
Smut mill, a machine for cleansing grain from smut.

SMUT
Smut, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Smutting.]

1. To stain or mark with smut; to blacken with coal, soot, or other
dirty substance.

2. To taint with mildew, as grain. Bacon.

3. To blacken; to sully or taint; to tarnish.

4. To clear of smut; as, to smut grain for the mill.

SMUT
Smut, v. i.

1. To gather smut; to be converted into smut; to become smutted.
Mortimer.

2. To give off smut; to crock.

SMUTCH
Smutch, n. Etym: [Prob. for smuts. See Smut, n.]

Defn: A stain; a dirty spot. B. Jonson.

SMUTCH
Smutch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smutched; p. pr. & vb. n. Smutching.]

Defn: To blacken with smoke, soot, or coal. [Written also smooch.] B.
Jonson.

SMUTCHIN
Smutch"in, n.

Defn: Snuff. [Obs.] Howell.

SMUTTY
Smut"ty, a. [Compar. Smuttier; superl. Smuttiest.]

1. Soiled with smut; smutted.

2. Tainted with mildew; as, smutty corn.

3. Obscene; not modest or pure; as, a smutty saying.
The smutty joke, ridiculously lewd. Smollett.
-- Smut"ti*ly, adv.
 -- Smut"ti*ness, n.

SMYRNIOT
Smyr"ni*ot, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Smyrna.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Smyrna.

SNACK
Snack, n. Etym: [See Snatch, v. t.]

1. A share; a part or portion; -- obsolete, except in the colloquial
phrase, to go snacks, i. e., to share.
At last he whispers, "Do, and we go snacks." Pope.

2. A slight, hasty repast. [Colloq.]

SNACKET
Snack"et, n.

Defn: See Snecket. [Prov. Eng.]

SNACOT
Snac"ot, n. Etym: [Said to be corrupted fr. NL. syngnathus, fr. Gr.
sy`n together + gna`qos jaw, because the jaws can be only slightly
separated.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A pipefish of the genus Syngnathus. See Pipefish.

SNAFFLE
Snaf"fle, n. Etym: [D. snavel a beak, bill, snout; akin to G.
schnabel, OHG. snabul,. sneb, snebbe, OFries. snavel mouth, Dan. &
Sw. snabel beak, bill, Lith. snapas, and to E. snap, v. See Snap, and
cf. Neb.]

Defn: A kind of bridle bit, having a joint in the part to be placed
in the mouth, and rings and cheek pieces at the ends, but having no
curb; -- called also snaffle bit.

SNAFFLE
Snaf"fle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snaffled; p. pr. & vb. n. Snaffling.]

Defn: To put a snaffle in the mouth of; to subject to the snaffle; to
bridle.

SNAG
Snag, n. Etym: [Prov. E., n., a lump on a tree where a branch has
been cut off; v., to cut off the twigs and small branches from a
tree, of Celtic origin; cf. Gael. snaigh, snaidh, to cut down, to
prune, to sharpen, p. p. snaighte, snaidhte, cut off, lopped, Ir.
snaigh a hewing, cutting.]

1. A stump or base of a branch that has been lopped off; a short
branch, or a sharp or rough branch; a knot; a protuberance.
The coat of arms Now on a naked snag in triumph borne. Dryden.

2. A tooth projecting beyond the rest; contemptuously, a broken or
decayed tooth. Prior.

3. A tree, or a branch of a tree, fixed in the bottom of a river or
other navigable water, and rising nearly or quite to the surface, by
which boats are sometimes pierced and sunk.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the secondary branches of an antler. Snag boat, a
steamboat fitted with apparatus for removing snags and other
obstructions in navigable streams. [U.S.] -- Snag tooth. Same as
Snag, 2.
How thy snag teeth stand orderly, Like stakes which strut by the
water side. J. Cotgrave.

SNAG
Snag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Snagging.]

1. To cut the snags or branches from, as the stem of a tree; to hew
roughly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. To injure or destroy, as a steamboat or other vessel, by a snag,
or projecting part of a sunken tree. [U. S.]

SNAGGED
Snag"ged, a.

Defn: Full of snags; snaggy.

SNAGGY
Snag"gy, a.

1. Full of snags; full of short, rough branches or sharp points;
abounding with knots. "Upon a snaggy oak." Spenser.

2. Snappish; cross; ill-tempered. [Prov. Eng.]

SNAIL
Snail, n. Etym: [OE. snaile, AS. sn, snegel, sn; akin to G. schnecke,
OHG. snecko, Dan. snegl, Icel. snigill.]

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of numerous species of terrestrial air-breathing
gastropods belonging to the genus Helix and many allied genera of the
family Helicidæ. They are abundant in nearly all parts of the world
except the arctic regions, and feed almost entirely on vegetation; a
land sanil.
(b) Any gastropod having a general resemblance to the true snails,
including fresh-water and marine species. See Pond snail, under Pond,
and Sea snail.

2. Hence, a drone; a slow-moving person or thing.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: A spiral cam, or a flat piece of metal of spirally curved
outline, used for giving motion to, or changing the position of,
another part, as the hammer tail of a striking clock.

4. A tortoise; in ancient warfare, a movable roof or shed to protect
besiegers; a testudo. [Obs.]
They had also all manner of gynes [engines] . . . that needful is
[in] taking or sieging of castle or of city, as snails, that was
naught else but hollow pavises and targets, under the which men, when
they fought, were heled [protected], . . . as the snail is in his
house; therefore they cleped them snails. Vegetius (Trans.).

5. (Bot.)

Defn: The pod of the sanil clover. Ear snail, Edible snail, Pond
snail, etc. See under Ear, Edible, etc.
 -- Snail borer (Zoöl.), a boring univalve mollusk; a drill.
 -- Snail clover (Bot.), a cloverlike plant (Medicago scuttellata,
also, M. Helix); -- so named from its pods, which resemble the shells
of snails; -- called also snail trefoil, snail medic, and beehive.
 -- Snail flower (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Phaseolus Caracalla)
having the keel of the carolla spirally coiled like a snail shell.
 -- Snail shell (Zoöl.), the shell of snail.
 -- Snail trefoil. (Bot.) See Snail clover, above.

SNAILFISH
Snail"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Sea snail (a).

SNAIL-LIKE
Snail"-like`, a.

Defn: Like or suiting a snail; as, snail-like progress.

SNAIL-LIKE
Snail"-like`, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a snail; slowly.

SNAIL-PACED
Snail"-paced`, a.

Defn: Slow-moving, like a snail.
Bid the snail-paced Ajax arm for shame. Shak.

'SNAILS
'Snails, interj.

Defn: God's nails, or His nails, that is, the nails with which the
Savior was fastened to the cross; -- an ancient form of oath,
corresponding to 'Od's bodikins (dim. of body, i.e., God's dear
body). Beau & Fl.

SNAKE
Snake, n. Etym: [AS. snaca; akin to LG. snake, schnake, Icel. snakr,
sn, Dan. snog, Sw. snok; of uncertain origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of the order Ophidia; an ophidian; a serpent,
whether harmless or venomous. See Ophidia, and Serpent.

Note: Snakes are abundant in all warm countries, and much the larger
number are harmless to man. Blind snake, Garter snake, Green snake,
King snake, Milk snake, Rock snake, Water snake, etc. See under
Blind, Garter, etc.
 -- Fetich snake (Zoöl.), a large African snake (Python Sebæ) used by
the natives as a fetich.
 -- Ringed snake (Zoöl.), a common European columbrine snake
(Tropidonotus natrix).
 -- Snake eater. (Zoöl.) (a) The markhoor. (b) The secretary bird.
 -- Snake fence, a worm fence (which see). [U.S.] -- Snake fly
(Zoöl.), any one of several species of neuropterous insects of the
genus Rhaphidia; -- so called because of their large head and
elongated neck and prothorax.
 -- Snake gourd (Bot.), a cucurbitaceous plant (Trichosanthes
anguina) having the fruit shorter and less snakelike than that of the
serpent cucumber.
 -- Snake killer. (Zoöl.) (a) The secretary bird. (b) The chaparral
cock.
 -- Snake moss (Bot.), the common club moss (Lycopodium clavatum).
See Lycopodium.
 -- Snake nut (Bot.), the fruit of a sapindaceous tree (Ophiocaryon
paradoxum) of Guiana, the embryo of which resembles a snake coiled
up.
 -- Tree snake (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of colubrine
snakes which habitually live in trees, especially those of the genus
Dendrophis and allied genera.

SNAKE
Snake, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snaked; p. pr. & vb. n. Snaking.]

1. To drag or draw, as a snake from a hole; -- often with out.
[Colloq. U.S.] Bartlett.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To wind round spirally, as a large rope with a smaller, or with
cord, the small rope lying in the spaces between the strands of the
large one; to worm.

SNAKE
Snake, v. i.

Defn: To crawl like a snake.

SNAKEBIRD
Snake"bird`, n. Etym: [So named from its snakelike neck.] (Zoöl.)

1. Any one of four species of aquatic birds of the genus Anhinga or
Plotus. They are allied to the gannets and cormorants, but have very
long, slender, flexible necks, and sharp bills.

Note: The American species (Anhinga, or Plotus, anhinga) inhabits the
Southern United States and tropical America; -- called also darter,
and water turkey. The Asiatic species (A. melanogaster) is native of
Southern Asia and the East Indies. Two other species inhabit Africa
and Australia respectively.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wryneck.

SNAKEFISH
Snake"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The band fish.
(b) The lizard fish.

SNAKEHEAD
Snake"head`, n.

1. A loose, bent-up end of one of the strap rails, or flat rails,
formerly used on American railroads. It was sometimes so bent by the
passage of a train as to slip over a wheel and pierce the bottom of a
car.

2. (Bot.)
(a) The turtlehead.
(b) The Guinea-hen flower. See Snake's-head, and under Guinea.

SNAKENECK
Snake"neck`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The snakebird, 1.

SNAKEROOT
Snake"root`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several plants of different genera and species, most
of which are (or were formerly) reputed to be efficacious as remedies
for the bites of serpents; also, the roots of any of these.

Note: The Virginia snakeroot is Aristolochia Serpentaria; black
snakeroot is Sanicula, esp. S. Marilandica, also Cimicifuga racemosa;
Seneca snakeroot is Polygala Senega; button snakeroot is Liatris,
also Eryngium; white snakeroot is Eupatorium ageratoides. The name is
also applied to some others besides these.

SNAKE'S-HEAD
Snake's"-head`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The Guinea-hen flower; -- so called in England because its
spotted petals resemble the scales of a snake's head. Dr. Prior.
Snake's-head iris (Bot.), an iridaceous plant (Hermodactylus
tuberosus) of the Mediterranean region. The flowers slightly resemble
a serpent's open mouth.

SNAKESTONE
Snake"stone`, n.

1. A kind of hone slate or whetstone obtained in Scotland.

2. (Paleon.)

Defn: An ammonite; -- so called from its form, which resembles that
of a coiled snake.

SNAKE'S-TONGUE
Snake's-tongue`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Adder's-tongue.

SNAKEWEED
Snake"weed`, n. (Bot.)
(a) A kind of knotweed (Polygonum Bistorta).
(b) The Virginia snakeroot. See Snakeroot.

SNAKEWOOD
Snake"wood`, n. (Bot.)
(a) An East Indian climbing plant (Strychnos colubrina) having a
bitter taste, and supposed to be a remedy for the bite of the hooded
serpent.
(b) An East Indian climbing shrub (Ophioxylon serpentinum) which has
the roots and stems twisted so as to resemble serpents.
(c) Same as Trumpetwood.
(d) A tropical American shrub (Plumieria rubra) which has very
fragrant red blossoms.
(e) Same as Letterwood.

SNAKISH
Snak"ish, a.

Defn: Having the qualities or characteristics of a snake; snaky.

SNAKY
Snak"y, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a snake or snakes; resembling a snake;
serpentine; winding.
The red light playing upon its gilt and carving gave it an appearance
of snaky life. L. Wallace.

2. Sly; cunning; insinuating; deceitful.
So to the coast of Jordan he directs His easy steps, girded with
snaky wiles. Milton.

3. Covered with serpents; having serpents; as, a snaky rod or wand.
Dryden.
That snaky-headed, Gorgon shield. Milton.

SNAP
Snap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Snapping.] Etym:
[LG. or D. snappen to snap up, to snatch; akin to G. schnappen, MHG.
snaben, Dan. snappe, and to D. snavel beak, bill. Cf. Neb, Snaffle,
n.]

1. To break at once; to break short, as substances that are brittle.
Breaks the doors open, snaps the locks. Prior.

2. To strike, to hit, or to shut, with a sharp sound.

3. To bite or seize suddenly, especially with the teeth.
He, by playing too often at the mouth of death, has been snapped by
it at last. South.

4. To break upon suddenly with sharp, angry words; to treat
snappishly; -- usually with up. Granville.

5. To crack; to cause to make a sharp, cracking noise; as, to snap a
whip.
MacMorian snapped his fingers repeatedly. Sir W. Scott.

6. To project with a snap. To snap back (Football), to roll the ball
back with the foot; -- done only by the center rush, who thus
delivers the ball to the quarter back on his own side when both sides
are ranged in line.
 -- To snap off. (a) To break suddenly. (b) To bite off suddenly.

SNAP
Snap, v. i.

1. To break short, or at once; to part asunder suddenly; as, a mast
snaps; a needle snaps.
But this weapon will snap short, unfaithful to the hand that employs
it. Burke.

2. To give forth, or produce, a sharp, cracking noise; to crack; as,
blazing firewood snaps.

3. To make an effort to bite; to aim to seize with the teeth; to
catch eagerly (at anything); -- often with at; as, a dog snapsat a
passenger; a fish snaps at the bait.

4. To utter sharp, harsh, angry words; -- often with at; as, to snap
at a child.

5. To miss fire; as, the gun snapped.

SNAP
Snap, n. Etym: [Cf. D. snap a snatching. See Snap, v. t.]

1. A sudden breaking or rupture of any substance.

2. A sudden, eager bite; a sudden seizing, or effort to seize, as
with the teeth.

3. A sudden, sharp motion or blow, as with the finger sprung from the
thumb, or the thumb from the finger.

4. A sharp, abrupt sound, as that made by the crack of a whip; as,
the snap of the trigger of a gun.

5. A greedy fellow. L'Estrange.

6. That which is, or may be, snapped up; something bitten off,
seized, or obtained by a single quick movement; hence, a bite,
morsel, or fragment; a scrap.
He's a nimble fellow, And alike skilled in every liberal science, As
having certain snaps of all. B. Jonson.

7. A sudden severe interval or spell; -- applied to the weather; as,
a cold snap. Lowell.

8. A small catch or fastening held or closed by means of a spring, or
one which closes with a snapping sound, as the catch of a bracelet,
necklace, clasp of a book, etc.

9. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A snap beetle.

10. A thin, crisp cake, usually small, and flavored with ginger; --
used chiefly in the plural.

11. Briskness; vigor; energy; decision. [Colloq.]

12. Any circumstance out of which money may be made or an advantage
gained. [Slang] Snap back (Football), the act of snapping back the
ball.
 -- Snap beetle, or Snap bug (Zoöl.), any beetle of the family
Elateridæ, which, when laid on its back, is able to leap to a
considerable height by means of a thoracic spring; -- called also
snapping beetle.
 -- Snap flask (Molding), a flask for small work, having its sides
separable and held together by latches, so that the flask may be
removed from around the sand mold.
 -- Snap judgment, a judgment formed on the instant without
deliberation.
 -- Snap lock, a lock shutting with a catch or snap.
 -- Snap riveting, riveting in which the rivets have snapheads formed
by a die or swaging tool.
 -- Snap shot, a quick offhand shot, without deliberately taking aim.

SNAPDRAGON
Snap"drag`on, n.

1. (Bot.)
(a) Any plant of the scrrophulariaceous genus Antirrhinum, especially
the cultivated A. majus, whose showy flowers are fancifully likened
to the face of a dragon.
(b) A West Indian herb (Ruellia tuberosa) with curiously shaped blue
flowers.

2. A play in which raisins are snatched from a vessel containing
burning brandy, and eaten; also, that which is so eaten. See
Flapdragon. Swift.

SNAPE
Snape, v. t. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: To bevel the end of a timber to fit against an inclined
surface.

SNAPHANCE
Snap"hance`, n. Etym: [D. snaphaan a gun, originally, the snapping
cock of a gun. See Snap, and Hen.]

1. A spring lock for discharging a firearm; also, the firearm to
which it is attached. [Obs.]

2. A trifling or second-rate thing or person. [Obs.]

SNAPHEAD
Snap"head`, n.

Defn: A hemispherical or rounded head to a rivet or bolt; also, a
swaging tool with a cavity in its face for forming such a rounded
head.

SNAPPER
Snap"per, n.

1. One who, or that which, snaps; as, a snapper up of trifles; the
snapper of a whip.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large sparoid food fishes of the
genus Lutjanus, abundant on the southern coasts of the United States
and on both coasts of tropical America.

Note: The red snapper (Lutjanus aya, or Blackfordi) and the gray, or
mangrove, snapper (L. griseus) are large and abundant species. The
name is loosely applied to various other fishes, as the bluefish, the
rosefish, the red grouper, etc. See Rosefish.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A snapping turtle; as, the alligator snapper.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The green woodpecker, or yaffle.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A snap beetle.

SNAPPING
Snap"ping,

Defn: a. & n. from Snap, v. Snapping beetle. (Zoöl.) See Snap beetle,
under Snap.
 -- Snapping turtle. (Zoöl.) (a) A large and voracious aquatic turtle
(Chelydra serpentina) common in the fresh waters of the United
States; -- so called from its habit of seizing its prey by a snap of
its jaws. Called also mud turtle. (b) See Alligator snapper, under
Alligator.

SNAPPISH
Snap"pish, a.

1. Apt to snap at persons or things; eager to bite; as, a snapping
cur.

2. Sharp in reply; apt to speak angrily or testily; easily provoked;
tart; peevish.
The taunting address of a snappish missanthrope. Jeffrey.
-- Snap"pish*ly, adv.
 -- Snap"pish*ness, n.

SNAPPY
Snap"py, a.

Defn: Snappish. [Colloq.]

SNAPSACK
Snap"sack`, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. snappsäck, G. schnappsack.]

Defn: A knapsack. [Obs.] South.

SNAPSHOT; SNAP SHOT
Snap"shot`, n.

1. Commonly Snap shot.
 (a) A quick offhand shot, made without deliberately taking aim over
the sights.
 (b) (Photog.) Act of taking a snapshot (in sense 2).

2.  An instantaneous photograph made, usually with a hand camera,
without formal posing of, and often without the foreknowledge of, the
subject.

SNAPWEED
Snap"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Impatiens.

SNAR
Snar, v. i. Etym: [Akin to LG. & OD. snarren, G. schnarren, E. snore.
See Snore, and cf. Snarl to growl.]

Defn: To snarl. [Obs.] Spenser.

SNARE
Snare, n. Etym: [AS. sneara cord, a string; akin to D. snoer, G.
schnur, OHG. snour a cord, snarahha a noose, Dan. snare, Sw. & Icel.
snara, Goth. sn a basket; and probably also to E. needle. See Needle,
and cf. Snarl to entangle.]

1. A contrivance, often consisting of a noose of cord, or the like,
by which a bird or other animal may be entangled and caught; a trap;
a gin.

2. Hence, anything by which one is entangled and brought into
trouble.
If thou retire, the Dauphin, well appointed, Stands with the snares
of war to tangle thee. Shak.

3. The gut or string stretched across the lower head of a drum.

4. (Med.)

Defn: An instrument, consisting usually of a wireloop or noose, for
removing tumors, etc., by avulsion. Snare drum, the smaller common
military drum, as distinguished from the bass drum; -- so called
because (in order to render it more resonant) it has stretched across
its lower head a catgut string or strings.

SNARE
Snare, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snared; p. pr. & vb. n. Snaring.]

Defn: To catch with a snare; to insnare; to entangle; hence, to bring
into unexpected evil, perplexity, or danger.
Lest that too heavenly form . . . snare them. Milton.
The mournful crocodile With sorrow snares relenting passengers. Shak.

SNARER
Snar"er, n.

Defn: One who lays snares, or entraps.

SNARL
Snarl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snarled; p. pr. & vvb. n. Snarling.] Etym:
[Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: To form raised work upon the outer surface of (thin metal ware)
by the repercussion of a snarling iron upon the inner surface.

SNARL
Snarl, v. t. Etym: [From Snare, v. t.]

1. To entangle; to complicate; to involve in knots; as, to snarl a
skein of thread. "Her snarled hair." Spenser.

2. To embarrass; to insnare.
[The] question that they would have snarled him with. Latimer.

SNARL
Snarl, n.

Defn: A knot or complication of hair, thread, or the like, difficult
to disentangle; entanglement; hence, intricate complication;
embarrassing difficulty.

SNARL
Snarl, v. i. Etym: [From Snar.]

1. To growl, as an angry or surly dog; to gnarl; to utter grumbling
sounds. "An angry cur snarls while he feeds." Dryden & Lee.

2. To speak crossly; to talk in rude, surly terms.
It is malicious and unmanly to snarl at the little lapses of a pen,
from which Virgil himself stands not exempted. Dryden.

SNARL
Snarl, n.

Defn: The act of snarling; a growl; a surly or peevish expression; an
angry contention.

SNARLER
Snarl"er, n.

Defn: One who snarls; a surly, growling animal; a grumbling,
quarrelsome fellow.

SNARLER
Snarl"er, n.

Defn: One who makes use of a snarling iron.

SNARLING
Snarl"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Snarl, v. Snarling iron, a tool with a long beak, used in
the process of snarling. When one end is held in a vise, and the
shank is struck with a hammer, the repercussion of the other end, or
beak, within the article worked upon gives the requisite blow for
producing raised work. See 1st Snarl.

SNARY
Snar"y, a. Etym: [From Snare.]

Defn: Resembling, or consisting of, snares; entangling; insidious.
Spiders in the vault their snary webs have spread. Dryden.

SNAST
Snast, n. Etym: [Cf. Snite, v. t.]

Defn: The snuff, or burnt wick, of a candle. [Obs.] Bacon.

SNATCH
Snatch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snatched; p. pr. & vb. n. Snatching.]
Etym: [OE. snachen, snechen; akin to D. snakken to gasp, to long
(for), to desire. Cf. Snack, n., Sneck.]

1. To take or seize hastily, abruptly, or without permission or
ceremony; as, to snatch a loaf or a kiss.
When half our knowledge we must snatch, not take. Pope.

2. To seize and transport away; to rap. "Snatch me to heaven."
Thomson.

Syn.
 -- To twitch; pluck; grab; catch; grasp; gripe.

SNATCH
Snatch, v. i.

Defn: To attempt to seize something suddenly; to catch; -- often with
at; as, to snatch at a rope.

SNATCH
Snatch, n.

1. A hasty catching or seizing; a grab; a catching at, or attempt to
seize, suddenly.

2. A short period of vigorous action; as, a snatch at weeding after a
shower. Tusser.
They move by fits and snatches. Bp. Wilkins.

3. A small piece, fragment, or quantity; a broken part; a scrap.
We have often little snatches of sunshine. Spectator.
Leave me your snatches, and yield me a direct answer. Shak.

SNATCH BLOCK
Snatch block (Naut.),

Defn: a kind of block with an opening in one side to receive the
bight of a rope.

SNATCHER
Snatch"er, n.

Defn: One who snatches, or takes abruptly.

SNATCHINGLY
Snatch"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By snatching; abruptly.

SNATH
Snath, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. sni to cut, to mow, sn a bite, bit snip.]

Defn: The handle of a scythe; a snead. [Variously written in England
snead, sneed, sneath, sneeth, snathe, etc.; in Scotland written
sned.]

SNATH
Snath (snath), n. [Cf. AS. sniðan to cut, to mow, snaed a bite, bit,
snip.]

Defn: The handle of a scythe; a snead. [Variously written in England
snead, sneed, sneath, sneeth, snathe, etc.; in Scotland written
sned.]

SNATHE
Snathe, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Icel. snei to cut into alices, sni to cut;
akin to AS. besn, sni, G. schneiden, OHG. snidan, Goth. snei to cut,
to reap, and E. snath, snithe.]

Defn: To lop; to prune. [Prov. Eng.]

SNATTOCK
Snat"tock, n. Etym: [See Snathe.]

Defn: A chip; a alice. [Prov. Eng.] Gayton.

SNAW
Snaw, n.

Defn: Snow. [Obs. or Scot.] Burns.

SNEAD
Snead, n. Etym: [See Snatch.]

1. A snath.

2. A line or cord; a string. [Prov. Eng.]

SNEAK
Sneak, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sneaked; p. pr. & vb. n. Sneaking.] Etym:
[OE. sniken, AS. snican to creep; akin to Dan. snige sig; cf. Icel.
snikja to hanker after.]

1. To creep or steal (away or about) privately; to come or go meanly,
as a person afraid or ashamed to be seen; as, to sneak away from
company. imp. & p. p. "snuck" is more common now, but not even
mentioned here. In MW10, simply "sneaked or snuck"
You skulked behind the fence, and sneaked away. Dryden.

2. To act in a stealthy and cowardly manner; to behave with meanness
and servility; to crouch.

SNEAK
Sneak, v. t.

Defn: To hide, esp. in a mean or cowardly manner. [Obs.] "[Slander]
sneaks its head." Wake.

SNEAK
Sneak, n.

1. A mean, sneaking fellow.
A set of simpletons and superstitious sneaks. Glanvill.

2. (Cricket)

Defn: A ball bowled so as to roll along the ground; -- called also
grub. [Cant] R. A. Proctor.

SNEAK-CUP
Sneak"-cup`, n.

Defn: One who sneaks from his cups; one who balks his glass. [Obs.]
Shak.

SNEAK CURRENT
Sneak current. (Elec.)

Defn: A current which, though too feeble to blow the usual fuse or to
injure at once telegraph or telephone instruments, will in time burn
them out.

SNEAKER
Sneak"er, n.

1. One who sneaks. Lamb.

2. A vessel of drink. [Prov. Eng.]
A sneaker of five gallons. Spectator.

SNEAKINESS
Sneak"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being sneaky.

SNEAKING
Sneak"ing, a.

Defn: Marked by cowardly concealment; deficient in openness and
courage; underhand; mean; crouching.
 -- Sneak"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Sneak"ing*ness, n.

SNEAKSBY
Sneaks"by, n.

Defn: A paltry fellow; a sneak. [Obs.] "Such a bashful sneaksby."
Barrow.

SNEAKY
Sneak"y, n.

Defn: Like a sneak; sneaking.

SNEAP
Sneap, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Icel. sneypa to dishonor, disgrace, chide,
but also E. snip, and snub.]

1. To check; to reprimand; to rebuke; to chide. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

2. To nip; to blast; to blight. [Obs.]
Biron is like an envious, sneaping frost. Shak.

SNEAP
Sneap, n.

Defn: A reprimand; a rebuke. [Obs.]
My lord, I will not undergo this sneap without reply. Shak.

SNEATH; SNEATHE
Sneath, Sneathe, n.

Defn: See Snath.

SNEB
Sneb, v. t. Etym: [See Snib.]

Defn: To reprimand; to sneap. [Obs.] "Scold and sneb the good oak."
Spenser.

SNECK
Sneck, v. t. Etym: [See Snatch.]

Defn: To fasten by a hatch; to latch, as a door. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Sneck up, be silent; shut up; hold your peace. Shak.

SNECK
Sneck, n.

Defn: A door latch. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] Sneck band, a latchstring.
Burns.
 -- Sneck drawer, a latch lifter; a bolt drawer; hence, a sly person;
a cozener; a cheat; -- called also sneckdraw.
 -- Sneck drawing, lifting the latch.

SNECKET
Sneck"et, n.

Defn: A door latch, or sneck. [Prov. Eng.]

SNED
Sned, v. t.

Defn: To lop; to snathe. [Prov. Eng.]

SNED; SNEED
Sned, Sneed, n.

Defn: See Snath.

SNEER
Sneer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sneered; p. pr. & vb. n. Sneering.] Etym:
[OE. sneren, Dan. sn to snarl or grin (like a dog); cf. Prov. E.
sneer to grin, sner to snort, snert to sneer at. See Snore, v. i.]

1. To show contempt by turning up the nose, or by a particular facial
expression.

2. To inssinuate contempt by a covert expression; to speak
derisively.
I could be content to be a little sneared at. Pope.

3. To show mirth awkwardly. [R.] Tatler.

Syn.
 -- To scoff; gibe; jeer.
 -- Sneer, Scoff, Jeer. The verb to sneer implies to cast contempt
indirectly or by covert expressions. To jeer is stronger, and denotes
the use of several sarcastic reflections. To scoff is stronger still,
implying the use of insolent mockery and derision.
And sneers as learnedly as they, Like females o'er their morning tea.
Swift.
Midas, exposed to all their jeers, Had lost his art, and kept his
ears. Swift.
The fop, with learning at defiance, Scoffs at the pedant and science.
Gay.

SNEER
Sneer, v. t.

1. To utter with a grimace or contemptuous expression; to utter with
a sneer; to say sneeringly; as, to sneer fulsome lies at a person.
Congreve.
"A ship of fools," he sneered. Tennyson.

2. To treat with sneers; to affect or move by sneers.
Nor sneered nor bribed from virtue into shame. Savage.

SNEER
Sneer, n.

1. The act of sneering.

2. A smile, grin, or contortion of the face, indicative of contempt;
an indirect expression or insinuation of contempt. "Who can refute a
sneer" Raley.

SNEERER
Sneer"er, n.

Defn: One who sneers.

SNEERFUL
Sneer"ful, a.

Defn: Given to sneering. [Obs.]

SNEERINGLY
Sneer"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sneering manner.

SNEEZE
Sneeze, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sneezed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sneezing.] Etym:
[OE. snesen; of uncertain origin; cf. D. snuse to sniff, E. neese,
and AS. fneósan.]

Defn: To emit air, chiefly through the nose, audibly and violently,
by a kind of involuntary convulsive force, occasioned by irritation
of the inner membrane of the nose. Not to be sneezed at, not to be
despised or contemned; not to be treated lightly. [Colloq.] "He had
to do with old women who were not to be sneezed at." Prof. Wilson.

SNEEZE
Sneeze, n.

Defn: A sudden and violent ejection of air with an audible sound,
chiefly through the nose.

SNEEZEWEED
Sneeze"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A yellow-flowered composite plant (Helenium autumnale) the odor
of which is said to cause sneezing.

SNEEZEWOOD
Sneeze"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The wood of a South African tree. See Neishout.

SNEEZEWORT
Sneeze"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A European herbaceous plant (Achillea Ptarmica) allied to the
yarrow, having a strong, pungent smell.

SNEEZING
Sneez"ing, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act of violently forcing air out through the nasal passages
while the cavity of the mouth is shut off from the pharynx by the
approximation of the soft palate and the base of the tongue.

SNELL
Snell, a. Etym: [AS. snell; akin to D. snel, G. schnell, OHG. snel,
Icel. snjallr valiant.]

Defn: Active; brisk; nimble; quick; sharp. [Archaic or Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]
That horny-handed, snell, peremptory little man. Dr. J. Brown.

SNELL
Snell, n.

Defn: A short line of horsehair, gut, etc., by which a fishhook is
attached to a longer line.

SNET
Snet, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schnitt that which is cut, fr. schneiden to
cut, E. snath.]

Defn: The fat of a deer. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SNET
Snet, v. t. Etym: [See Snot.]

Defn: The clear of mucus; to blow. [Obs.] "Snetting his nose."
Holland.

SNEW
Snew, v. i.

Defn: To snow; to abound. [Obs.]
It snewed in his house of meat and drink. Chaucer.

SNIB
Snib, v. t. Etym: [OE. snibben; cf. Dan. snibbe, and E. snub, v. t.]

Defn: To check; to sneap; to sneb. [Obs.]
Him would he snib sharply for the nones. Chaucer.

SNIB
Snib, n.

Defn: A reprimand; a snub. [Obs.] Marston.

SNICK
Snick, n. Etym: [Prov. E. snick a notch; cf. Icel. snikka nick, cut.]

1. A small cut or mark.

2. (Cricket)

Defn: A slight hit or tip of the ball, often unintentional.

3. (Fiber)

Defn: A knot or irregularity in yarn. Knight.

4. (Furriery)

Defn: A snip or cut, as in the hair of a beast. Snick and snee Etym:
[cf. D. snee, snede, a cut], a combat with knives. [Obs.] Wiseman.

SNICK
Snick, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snicked; p. pr. & vb. n. Snicking.]

1. To cut slightly; to strike, or strike off, as by cutting. H.
Kingsley.

2. (Cricket)

Defn: To hit (a ball) lightly. R. A. Proctor.

SNICK
Snick, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Sneck. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Snick up, shut up; silenced.
See Sneck up, under Sneck.
Give him money, George, and let him go snick up. Beau & Fl.

SNICKER
Snick"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snickered; p. pr. & vb. n. Snickering.]
Etym: [Cf. D. snikken to sob, to sigh.] [Written also snigger.]

1. To laugh slyly; to laugh in one's sleeve.

2. To laugh with audible catches of voice, as when persons attempt to
suppress loud laughter.

SNICKER
Snick"er, n.

Defn: A half suppressed, broken laugh. [Written also snigger.]

SNIDE
Snide, a.

Defn: Tricky; deceptive; contemptible; as, a snide lawyer; snide
goods. [Slang]

SNIDER RIFLE; SNIDER
Sni"der ri"fle, or Sni"der, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A breech-loading rifle formerly used in the British service; --
so called from the inventor.

SNIFF
Sniff, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sniffed or Snift; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sniffing.] Etym: [OE. sneven; akin to snivel, snuff; cf. Dan. snive
to sniff. See Snuff, v. t.]

Defn: To draw air audibly up the nose; to snuff; -- sometimes done as
a gesture of suspicion, offense, or contempt.
So ye grow squeamish, gods, and sniff at heaven. M. Arnold.

SNIFF
Sniff, v. t.

1. To draw in with the breath through the nose; as, to sniff the air
of the country.

2. To perceive as by sniffing; to snuff, to scent; to smell; as, to
sniff danger.

SNIFF
Sniff, n.

Defn: The act of sniffing; perception by sniffing; that which is
taken by sniffing; as, a sniff of air.

SNIFFING
Sniff"ing, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: A rapid inspiratory act, in which the mouth is kept shut and
the air drawn in through the nose.

SNIFFLE
Snif"fle, v. i. Etym: [Freq. of sniff. See Snivel.]

Defn: To snuffle, as one does with a catarrh. [Prov. Eng.]

SNIFT
Snift, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Snifting.] Etym:
[From Sniff.]

1. To snort. [Obs.] "Resentment expressed by snifting." Johnson.

2. To sniff; to snuff; to smell.
It now appears that they were still snifing and hankering after their
old quarters. Landor.

SNIFT
Snift, n.

1. A moment. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. Slight snow; sleet. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

SNIFTING
Snift"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Snift. Snifting valve, a small valve opening into the
atmosphere from the cylinder or condenser of a steam engine, to allow
the escape of air when the piston makes a stroke; -- so called from
the noise made by its action.

SNIG
Snig, v. t. Etym: [See Snick a small cut.]

Defn: To chop off; to cut. [Prov. Eng.]

SNIG
Snig, v. i. Etym: [See Sneak.]

Defn: To sneak. [Prov. Eng.]

SNIG; SNIGG
Snig, Snigg, n. Etym: [Cf. Sneak.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small eel. [Prov. Eng.]

SNIGGER
Snig"ger, v. i.

Defn: See Snicker. Thackeray.

SNIGGER
Snig"ger, n.

Defn: See Snicker. Dickens.

SNIGGLE
Snig"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sniggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Sniggling().]
Etym: [See Snig a kind of eel.]

Defn: To fish for eels by thrusting the baited hook into their holes
or hiding places. Walton.

SNIGGLE
Snig"gle, v. t.

Defn: To catch, as an eel, by sniggling; hence, to hook; to insnare.
Beau & Fl.

SNIP
Snip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Snipping.] Etym:
[D. snippen; akin to G. schnippen.]

Defn: To cut off the nip or neb of, or to cut off at once with shears
or scissors; to clip off suddenly; to nip; hence, to break off; to
snatch away.
Curbed and snipped in my younger years by fear of my parents from
those vicious excrescences to which that age was subject. Fuller.
The captain seldom ordered anything out of the ship's stores . . .
but I snipped some of it for my own share. De Foe.

SNIP
Snip, n.

1. A single cut, as with shears or scissors; a clip. Shak.

2. A small shred; a bit cut off. Wiseman.

3. A share; a snack. [Obs.] L'Estrange

4. A tailor. [Slang] Nares. C. Kingsley.

5. Small hand shears for cutting sheet metal.

SNIPE
Snipe, n. Etym: [OE. snipe; akin to D. snep, snip, LG. sneppe,
snippe, G. schnepfe, Icel. snipa (in comp.), Dan. sneppe, Sw. snäppa
a sanpiper, and possibly to E. snap. See Snap, Snaffle.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of limicoline game birds of the
family Scolopacidæ, having a long, slender, nearly straight beak.

Note: The common, or whole, snipe (Gallinago coelestis) and the
great, or double, snipe (G. major), are the most important European
species. The Wilson's snipe (G. delicata) (sometimes erroneously
called English snipe) and the gray snipe, or dowitcher (Macrohamphus
griseus), are well-known American species.

2. A fool; a blockhead. [R.] Shak. Half snipe, the dunlin; the
jacksnipe.
 -- Jack snipe. See Jacksnipe.
 -- Quail snipe. See under Quail.
 -- Robin snipe, the knot.
 -- Sea snipe. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Shore snipe, any sandpiper.
 -- Snipe hawk, the marsh harrier. [Prov. Eng.] -- Stone snipe, the
tattler.
 -- Summer snipe, the dunlin; the green and the common European
sandpipers.
 -- Winter snipe. See Rock snipe, under Rock.
 -- Woodcock snipe, the great snipe.

SNIPEBILL
Snipe"bill`, n.

1. A plane for cutting deep grooves in moldings.

2. A bolt by which the body of a cart is fastened to the axle.
[Local, U.S.]

SNIPEFISH
Snipe"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The bellows fish.
(b) A long, slender deep-sea fish (Nemichthys scolopaceus) with a
slender beak.

SNIPPACK
Snip"pack, n. Etym: [Cf. Snipe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common snipe. [Prov. Eng.]

SNIPPER
Snip"per, n.

Defn: One who snips.

SNIPPER-SNAPER
Snip"per-snap`er, n.

Defn: A small, insignificant fellow. [Colloq.]

SNIPPET
Snip"pet, n.

Defn: A small part or piece.
To be cut into snippets and shreds. F. Harrison.

SNIPPETY
Snip"pet*y, a.

Defn: Ridiculously small; petty. "Snippety facts." London Spectator.

SNIP-SNAP
Snip"-snap`, n. Etym: [Reduplication of snap.]

Defn: A tart dialogue with quick replies. [R.] Pope.

SNIP-SNAP
Snip"-snap`, a.

Defn: Quick; short; sharp; smart. Shak.

SNIPY
Snip"y, a.

Defn: Like a snipe.

SNITE
Snite, n.

Defn: A snipe. [Obs. or Scot.] Carew.

SNITE
Snite, v. t. Etym: [Icel. snifa. See Snout.]

Defn: To blow, as the nose; to snuff, as a candle. [Obs. or Scot.]

SNITHE; SNITHY
Snithe, Snith"y, a. Etym: [AS. sni to cut. See Snathe.]

Defn: Sharp; piercing; cutting; -- applied to the wind. [Prov. Eng.]

SNIVEL
Sniv"el, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sniveled or Snivelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sniveling or Snivelling.] Etym: [OE. snivelen, snevelen, snuvelen,
freg. of sneven. See Sniff, and cf. Snuffle.]

1. To run at the nose; to make a snuffling noise.

2. To cry or whine with snuffling, as children; to cry weakly or
whiningly.
Put stop to thy sniveling ditty. Sir W. Scott.

SNIVEL
Sniv"el, n. Etym: [AS. snofel. Cf. Snivel, v. i.]

Defn: Mucus from the nose; snot.

SNIVELER
Sniv"el*er, n. Etym: [Written also sniveller.]

Defn: One who snivels, esp. one who snivels habitually.

SNIVELY
Sniv"el*y, a.

Defn: Running at the nose; sniveling pitiful; whining.

SNOB
Snob, n. Etym: [Icel. snapr a dolt, impostor, charlatan. Cf. Snub.]

1. A vulgar person who affects to be better, richer, or more
fashionable, than he really is; a vulgar upstart; one who apes his
superiors. Thackeray.
Essentially vulgar, a snob.
 -- a gilded snob, but none the less a snob. R. G. White.

2. (Eng. Univ.)

Defn: A townsman. [Canf]

3. A journeyman shoemaker. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

4. A workman who accepts lower than the usual wages, or who refuses
to strike when his fellows do; a rat; a knobstick.
Those who work for lower wages during a strike are called snobs, the
men who stand out being "nobs" De Quincey.

SNOBBERY
Snob"ber*y, n.

Defn: The quality of being snobbish; snobbishness.

SNOBBISH
Snob"bish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a snob; characteristic of, or befitting, a
snob; vulgarly pretentious.
 -- Snob"bish*ly, adv.

SNOBBISHNESS
Snob"bish*ness, n.

Defn: Vulgar affectation or ostentation; mean admiration of mean
things; conduct or manners of a snob.

SNOBBISM
Snob"bism, n.

Defn: Snobbery.

SNOBBY
Snob"by, a.

Defn: Snobbish. [R.] E. B. Ramsay.

SNOBLING
Snob"ling, n.

Defn: A little snob. [Jocose] Thackeray.

SNOBOCRACY
Snob*oc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Snob + -cracy, as in aristocracy,
mobocracy.]

Defn: Snobs, collectively. [Hybrid & Recent] C. Kingsley.

SNOD
Snod, n. Etym: [See Snood.]

Defn: A fillet; a headband; a snood. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SNOD
Snod, a. Etym: [Scot. snod to prune, put in order.]

Defn: Trimmed; smooth; neat; trim; sly; cunning; demure. [Prov. Eng.
& Scot.]

SNOFF
Snoff, n. Etym: [Cf. Snuff.] (Mining)

Defn: A short candle end used for igniting a fuse. Raymond.

SNOOD
Snood, n. Etym: [AS. sn. Cf. Snare.]

1. The fillet which binds the hair of a young unmarried woman, and is
emblematic of her maiden character. [Scot.]
And seldom was a snood amid Such wild, luxuriant ringlets hid. Sir W.
Scott.

2. A short line (often of horsehair) connecting a fishing line with
the hook; a snell; a leader.

SNOOD
Snood, v. t.

Defn: To bind or braid up, as the hair, with a snood. [Scot.]

SNOODED
Snood"ed, a.

Defn: Wearing or having a snood. "The snooded daughter." Whittier.

SNOOK
Snook, v. i. Etym: [Prov. E. snook to search out, to follow by the
scent; cf. Sw. snoka to lurk, LG. snöggen, snuckern, snökern, to
snuffle, to smell about, to search for.]

Defn: To lurk; to lie in ambush. [Obs.]

SNOOK
Snook, n. Etym: [D. snoek.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A large perchlike marine food fish (Centropomus undecimalis)
found both on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of tropical America; --
called also ravallia, and robalo.
(b) The cobia.
(c) The garfish.

SNOOZE
Snooze, n. Etym: [Scot. snooze to sleep; cf. Dan. & Sw. snus snuff.]

Defn: A short sleep; a nap. [Colloq.]

SNOOZE
Snooze, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snoozed; p. pr. & vb. n. Snoozing.]

Defn: To doze; to drowse; to take a short nap; to slumber. [Colloq.]

SNORE
Snore, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snored; p. pr. & vb. n. Snoring.] Etym:
[OE. snoren, AS. snora a snoring; akin to LG. snoren, snorken,
snurken, to snore, D. snorken, G. schnarchen to snore, schnarren to
rattle, MHG. snarren, Sw. snarka to snore, Icel. snarka to sputter,
fizzle. Cf. Snarl to growl, Sneer, Snort. See Snoring.]

Defn: To breathe with a rough, hoarse, nasal voice in sleep.

SNORE
Snore, n.

Defn: A harsh nasal noise made in sleep.

SNORER
Snor"er, n.

Defn: One who snores.

SNORING
Snor"ing, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act of respiring through the open mouth so that the
currents of inspired and expired air cause a vibration of the uvula
and soft palate, thus giving rise to a sound more or less harsh. It
is usually unvoluntary, but may be produced voluntarily.

SNORT
Snort, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Snorting.] Etym:
[OE. snorten; akin to snoren. See Snore.]

1. To force the air with violence through the nose, so as to make a
noise, as do high-spirited horsed in prancing and play. Fairfax.

2. To snore. [R.] "The snorting citizens." Shak.

3. To laugh out loudly. [Colloq.] Halliwell.

SNORT
Snort, n.

Defn: The act of snorting; the sound produced in snorting.

SNORT
Snort, v. t.

Defn: To expel throught the nostrils with a snort; to utter with a
snort. Keats.

SNORTER
Snort"er, n.

1. One who snorts.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wheather; -- so called from its cry. [Prov. Eng.]

SNOT
Snot, n. Etym: [AS. snot; akin to D. snot, LG. snotte, Dan. snot, and
to E. snout. See Snout.]

1. Mucus secreted in, or discharged from, the nose. [Low]

2. A mean, insignificant fellow. [Low]

SNOT
Snot, v. t.

Defn: To blow, wipe, or clear, as the nose.

SNOTTER
Snot"ter, v. i. Etym: [From Snot.]

Defn: To snivel; to cry or whine. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

SNOTTER
Snot"ter, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.)

Defn: A rope going over a yardarm, used to bend a tripping line to,
in sending down topgallant and royal yards in vessels of war; also,
the short line supporting the heel of the sprit in a small boat.

SNOTTERY
Snot"ter*y, n.

Defn: Filth; abomination. [Obs.]
To purge the snottery of our slimy time. Marston.

SNOTTY
Snot"ty, a.

Defn: Foul with snot; hence, mean; dirty.
 -- Snort"ti*ly, adb.
 -- Snot"ti*ness, n.

SNOUT
Snout, n. Etym: [OE. snoute, probably of Scand, or Low German origin;
cf. LG. snute, D. snuit, G. schnauze, Sw. snut, snyte, Dan. snude,
Icel. sn to blow the nose; probably akin to E. snuff, v.t. Cf. Snite,
Snot, Snuff.]

1. The long, projecting nose of a beast, as of swine.

2. The nose of a man; -- in contempt. Hudibras.

3. The nozzle of a pipe, hose, etc.

4. (Zoöl.)
(a) The anterior prolongation of the head of a gastropod; -- called
also rostrum.
(b) The anterior prolongation of the head of weevils and allied
beetles. Snout beetle (Zoöl.), any one of many species of beetles
having an elongated snout and belonging to the tribe Rhynchophora; a
weevil.
 -- Snout moth (Zoöl.), any pyralid moth. See Pyralid.

SNOUT
Snout, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with a nozzle or point.

SNOUTY
Snout"y, a.

Defn: Resembling a beast's snout.
The nose was ugly, long, and big, Broad and snouty like a pig. Otway.

SNOW
Snow, n. Etym: [LG. snaue, or D. snaauw, from LG. snau a snout, a
beak.] (Naut.)

Defn: A square-rigged vessel, differing from a brig only in that she
has a trysail mast close abaft the mainmast, on which a large trysail
is hoisted.

SNOW
Snow, n. Etym: [OE. snow, snaw, AS. snaw; akin to D. sneeuw, OS. &
OHG. sneo, G. schnee, Icel. snær, snjor, snajar, Sw. snö, Dan. snee,
Goth. snaiws, Lith. snëgas, Russ. snieg', Ir. & Gael. sneachd, W.
nyf, L. nix, nivis, Gr. acc. ni`fa, also AS. sniwan to snow, G.
schneien, OHG. sniwan, Lith. snigti, L. ningit it snows, Gr. ni`fei,
Zend snizh to snow; cf. Skr. snih to be wet or sticky. sq. root172.]

1. Watery particles congealed into white or transparent crystals or
flakes in the air, and falling to the earth, exhibiting a great
variety of very beautiful and perfect forms.

Note: Snow is often used to form compounds, most of which are of
obvious meaning; as, snow-capped, snow-clad, snow-cold, snow-crowned,
snow-crust, snow-fed, snow-haired, snowlike, snow-mantled, snow-
nodding, snow-wrought, and the like.

2. Fig.: Something white like snow, as the white color (argent) in
heraldry; something which falls in, or as in, flakes.
The field of snow with eagle of black therein. Chaucer.
Red snow. See under Red. Snow bunting. (Zoöl.) See Snowbird, 1.
 -- Snow cock (Zoöl.), the snow pheasant.
 -- Snow flea (Zoöl.), a small black leaping poduran (Achorutes
nivicola) often found in winter on the snow in vast numbers.
 -- Snow flood, a flood from melted snow.
 -- Snow flower (Bot.), the fringe tree.
 -- Snow fly, or Snow insect (Zoöl.), any one of several species of
neuropterous insects of the genus Boreus. The male has rudimentary
wings; the female is wingless. These insects sometimes appear
creeping and leaping on the snow in great numbers.
 -- Snow gnat (Zoöl.), any wingless dipterous insect of the genus
Chionea found running on snow in winter.
 -- Snow goose (Zoöl.), any one of several species of arctic geese of
the genus Chen. The common snow goose (Chen hyperborea), common in
the Western United States in winter, is white, with the tips of the
wings black and legs and bill red. Called also white brant, wavey,
and Texas goose. The blue, or blue-winged, snow goose (C.
coerulescens) is varied with grayish brown and bluish gray, with the
wing quills black and the head and upper part of the neck white.
Called also white head, white-headed goose, and bald brant.
 -- Snow leopard (Zool.), the ounce.
 -- Snow line, lowest limit of perpetual snow. In the Alps this is at
an altitude of 9,000 feet, in the Andes, at the equator, 16,000 feet.
 -- Snow mouse (Zoöl.), a European vole (Arvicola nivalis) which
inhabits the Alps and other high mountains.
 -- Snow pheasant (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large,
handsome gallinaceous birds of the genus Tetraogallus, native of the
lofty mountains of Asia. The Himalayn snow pheasant (T.Himalayensis)
in the best-known species. Called also snow cock, and snow chukor.
 -- Snow partridge. (Zoöl.) See under Partridge.
 -- Snow pigeon (Zoöl.), a pigeon (Columba leuconota) native of the
Himalaya mountains. Its back, neck, and rump are white, the top of
the head and the ear coverts are black.
 -- Snow plant (Bot.), a fleshy parasitic herb (Sarcodes sanguinea)
growing in the coniferous forests of California. It is all of a
bright red color, and is fabled to grow from the snow, through which
it sometimes shoots up.

SNOW
Snow, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snowed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Snowing.]

Defn: To fall in or as snow; -- chiefly used impersonally; as, it
snows; it snowed yesterday.

SNOW
Snow, v. t.

Defn: To scatter like snow; to cover with, or as with, snow. Donne.
Shak.

SNOWBALL
Snow"ball`, n.

1. A round mass of snow pressed or roller together, or anything
resembling such a mass.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The Guelder-rose. Snowball tree (Bot.), the Guelder-rose.

SNOWBALL
Snow"ball`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snowballed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Snowballing.]

Defn: To pelt with snowballs; to throw snowballs at.

SNOWBALL
Snow"ball`, v. i.

Defn: To throw snowballs.

SNOW BANNER
Snow banner.

Defn: A bannerlike stream of snow blown into the air from a mountain
peak, often having a pinkish color and extending horizontally for
several miles across the sky.

SNOWBERRY
Snow"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name of several shrubs with white berries; as, the
Symphoricarpus racemosus of the Northern United States, and the
Chiococca racemosa of Florida and tropical America. Creeping
snowberry. (Bot.) See under Creeping.

SNOWBIRD
Snow"bird, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) An arctic finch (Plectrophenax, or Plectrophanes, nivalis)
common, in winter, both in Europe and the United States, and often
appearing in large flocks during snowstorms. It is partially white,
but variously marked with chestnut and brown. Called also snow
bunting, snowflake, snowfleck, and snowflight.
(b) Any finch of the genus Junco which appears in flocks in winter
time, especially J. hyemalis in the Eastern United States; -- called
also blue snowbird. See Junco.
(c) The fieldfare. [Prov. Eng.]

SNOW-BLIND
Snow"-blind`, a.

Defn: Affected with blindness by the brilliancy of snow.
 -- Snow"-blind`ness, n.

SNOW-BOUND
Snow"-bound`, a.

Defn: Enveloped in, or confined by, snow. Whittier.

SNOW-BROTH
Snow"-broth`, n.

Defn: Snow and water mixed, or snow just melted; very cold liquor.
Shak.

SNOWCAP
Snow"cap`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very small humming bird (Microchæra albocoronata) native of
New Grenada.

Note: The feathers of the top of the head are white and snining, the
body blue black with a purple and bronzy luster. The name is applied
also to Microchæra parvirostris of Central America, which is similar
in color.

SNOW-CAPPED
Snow"-capped`, a.

Defn: Having the top capped or covered with snow; as, snow-capped
mountains.

SNOWDRIFT
Snow"drift`, n.

Defn: A bank of drifted snow.

SNOWDROP
Snow"drop`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A bulbous plant (Galanthus nivalis) bearing white flowers,
which often appear while the snow is on the ground. It is cultivated
in gardens for its beauty. Snowdrop tree. See Silver-bell tree, under
Silver, a.

SNOWFLAKE
Snow"flake`, n.

1. A flake, or small filmy mass, of snow.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Snowbird, 1.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several bulbous plants of the genus Leucoium
(L. vernum, æstivum, etc.) resembling the snowdrop, but having all
the perianth leaves of equal size.

SNOWFLECK
Snow"fleck`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Snowbird, 1.

SNOWL
Snowl, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hooded merganser. [Local, U.S.]

SNOWLESS
Snow"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of snow.

SNOWPLOW; SNOWPLOUGH
Snow"plow`, Snow"plough`, n.

Defn: An implement operating like a plow, but on a larger scale, for
clearing away the snow from roads, railways, etc.

SNOWSHED
Snow"shed, n.

Defn: A shelter to protect from snow, esp. a long roof over an
exposed part of a railroad.

SNOWSHOE
Snow"shoe`, n.

Defn: A slight frame of wood three or four feet long and about one
third as wide, with thongs or cords stretched across it, and having a
support and holder for the foot; -- used by persons for walking on
soft snow.

SNOWSHOEING
Snow"shoe`ing, n.

Defn: Traveling on snowshoes.

SNOWSHOER
Snow"sho`er, n.

Defn: One who travels on snowshoes; an expert in using snowshoes. W.
G. Beers.

SNOWSLIP
Snow"slip`, n.

Defn: A large mass or avalanche of snow which slips down the side of
a mountain, etc.

SNOWSTORM
Snow"storm`, n.

Defn: A storm with falling snow.

SNOW-WHITE
Snow"-white`, a.

Defn: White as snow; very white. "Snow-white and rose-red" Chaucer.

SNOWY
Snow"y, a.

1. White like snow. "So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows."
Shak.

2. Abounding with snow; covered with snow. "The snowy top of cold
Olympus." Milton.

3. Fig.: Pure; unblemished; unstained; spotless.
There did he lose his snowy innocence. J. Hall (1646).
Snowy heron (Zoöl.), a white heron, or egret (Ardea candidissima),
found in the Southern United States, and southward to Chili; --
called also plume bird.
 -- Snowy lemming (Zoöl.), the collared lemming (Cuniculus
torquatus), which turns white in winter.
 -- Snowy owl (Zoöl.), a large arctic owl (Nyctea Scandiaca, or N.
nivea) common all over the northern parts of the United States and
Europe in winter time. Its plumage is sometimes nearly pure white,
but it is usually more or less marked with blackish spots. Called
also white owl.
 -- Snowy plover (Zoöl.), a small plover (Ægialitis nivosa) of the
western parts of the United States and Mexico. It is light gray
above, with the under parts and portions of the head white.

SNUB
Snub, v. i. Etym: [Cf. D. snuiven to snort, to pant, G. schnauben,
MHG. snuben, Prov. G. schnupfen, to sob, and E. snuff, v.t.]

Defn: To sob with convulsions. [Obs.] Bailey.

SNUB
Snub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Snubbing.] Etym:
[Cf. Icel. ssnubba to snub, chide, Sw. snubba, Icel. snubbottr
snubbed, nipped, and E. snib.]

1. To clip or break off the end of; to check or stunt the growth of;
to nop.

2. To check, stop, or rebuke, with a tart, sarcastic reply or remark;
to reprimand; to check. J. Foster.

3. To treat with contempt or neglect, as a forward or pretentious
person; to slight designedly. To snub a cable or rope (Naut.), to
check it suddenly in running out. Totten.

SNUB
Snub, n.

1. A knot; a protuberance; a song. [Obs.]
[A club] with ragged snubs and knotty grain. Spenser.

2. A check or rebuke; an intended slight. J. Foster.
Snub nose, a short or flat nose.
 -- Snub post, or Snubbing post (Naut.), a post on a dock or shore,
around which a rope is thrown to check the motion of a vessel.

SNUB-NOSED
Snub"-nosed`, a.

Defn: Having a short, flat nose, slightly turned up; as, the snub-
nosed eel. Snub-nosed cachalot (Zoöl.), the pygmy sperm whale.

SNUDGE
Snudge, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Snug.]

Defn: To lie snug or quiet. [Obs.] Herbert.

SNUDGE
Snudge, n.

Defn: A miser; a sneaking fellow. [Obs.]

SNUFF
Snuff, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schnuppe candle snuff, schnuppen to snuff a
candle (see Snuff, v. t., to snuff a candle), or cf. Snub, v. t.]

Defn: The part of a candle wick charred by the flame, whether burning
or not.
If the burning snuff happens to get out of the snuffers, you have a
chance that it may fall into a dish of soup. Swift.

SNUFF
Snuff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snuffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Snuffing.] Etym:
[OE. snuffen. See Snuff of a candle Snuff to sniff.]

Defn: To crop the snuff of, as a candle; to take off the end of the
snuff of. To snuff out, to extinguish by snuffing.

SNUFF
Snuff, v. t.Etym: [Akin to D. snuffen, G. schnupfen, schnuppen, to
snuff, schnupfen a cold in the head, schnuppen to snuff (air), also,
to snuff (a candle). Cf. Sniff, Snout, Snub, v. i.]

1. To draw in, or to inhale, forcibly through the nose; to sniff.
He snuffs the wind, his heels the sand excite. Dryden.

2. To perceive by the nose; to scent; to smell.

SNUFF
Snuff, v. i.

1. To inhale air through the nose with violence or with noise, as do
dogs and horses. Dryden.

2. To turn up the nose and inhale air, as an expression of contempt;
hence, to take offense.
Do the enemies of the church rage and snuff Bp. Hall.

SNUFF
Snuff, n.

1. The act of snuffing; perception by snuffing; a sniff.

2. Pulverized tobacco, etc., prepared to be taken into the nose;
also, the amount taken at once.

3. Resentment, displeasure, or contempt, expressed by a snuffing of
the nose. [Obs.] Snuff dipping. See Dipping, n., 5.
 -- Snuff taker, one who uses snuff by inhaling it through the nose.
 -- To take it in snuff, to be angry or offended. Shak.
 -- Up to snuff, not likely to be imposed upon; knowing; acute.
[Slang]

SNUFFBOX
Snuff"box`, n.

Defn: A small box for carrying snuff about the person.

SNUFFER
Snuff"er, n.

1. One who snuffs.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common porpoise.

SNUFFERS
Snuff"ers, n. pl.

Defn: An instrument for cropping and holding the snuff of a candle.

SNUFFINGLY
Snuff"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a snuffing manner.

SNUFFLE
Snuf"fle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snuffled(); p. pr. & vb. n. Snuffling.]
Etym: [Freq. of snuff, v.i.; akin to LG. snuffeln, G. schnüffeln, D.
snuffeln, Dan. snövle. Cf. Sniffle.]

Defn: To speak through the nose; to breathe through the nose when it
is obstructed, so as to make a broken sound.
One clad in purple Eats, and recites some lamentable rhyme . . .
Snuffling at nose, and croaking in his throat. Dryden.

SNUFFLE
Snuf"fle, n.

1. The act of snuffing; a sound made by the air passing through the
nose when obstructed.
This dread sovereign, Breath, in its passage, gave a snort or
snuffle. Coleridge.

2. An affected nasal twang; hence, cant; hypocrisy.

3. pl.

Defn: Obstruction of the nose by mucus; nasal catarrh of infants or
children. [Colloq.]

SNUFFLER
Snuf"fler, n.

Defn: One who snuffles; one who uses cant.

SNUFFY
Snuff"y, a.

1. Soiled with snuff.

2. Sulky; angry; vexed. [Obs. or Scot.] Jamieson.

SNUG
Snug, a. [Compar. Snugger; superl. Snuggest.] Etym: [Prov. E. snug
tight, handsome; cf. Icel. snöggr smooth, ODan. snög neat, Sw.
snugg.]

1. Close and warm; as, an infant lies snug.

2. Close; concealed; not exposed to notice.
Lie snug, and hear what critics say. Swift.

3. Compact, convenient, and comfortable; as, a snug farm, house, or
property.

SNUG
Snug, n. (Mach.)

Defn: Same as Lug, n., 3.

SNUG
Snug, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snugged; p. pr. & vb. n. Snugging().]

Defn: To lie close; to snuggle; to snudge; -- often with up, or
together; as, a child snugs up to its mother.

SNUG
Snug, v. t.

1. To place snugly. [R.] Goldsmith.

2. To rub, as twine or rope, so as to make it smooth and improve the
finish.

SNUGGERY
Snug"ger*y, n.; pl. Snuggeries (.

Defn: A snug, cozy place. [Colloq.] Dickens.

SNUGGLE
Snug"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snuggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Snuggling.]
Etym: [Freq. of snug.]

Defn: To move one way and the other so as to get a close place; to
lie close for comfort; to cuddle; to nestle.

SNUGLY
Snug"ly, adv.

Defn: In a snug manner; closely; safely.

SNUGNESS
Snug"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being snug.

SNY
Sny, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. snua to turn.]

Defn: An upward bend in a piece of timber; the sheer of a vessel.

SNYING
Sny"ing, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A curved plank, placed edgewise, to work in the bows of a
vessel. R. H. Dana, Jr.

SO
So, adv. Etym: [OE. so, sa, swa, AS. swa; akin to OFries, sa, s, D.
zoo, OS. & OHG. s, G. so, Icel. sva, sv, svo, so, Sw. s, Dan. saa,
Goth. swa so, sw as; cf. L. suus one's own, Skr. sva one's own, one's
self. sq. root192. Cf. As, Custom, Ethic, Idiom, Such.]

1. In that manner or degree; as, indicated (in any way), or as
implied, or as supposed to be known.
Why is his chariot so long in coming Judges v. 28.

2. In like manner or degree; in the same way; thus; for like reason;
whith equal reason; -- used correlatively, following as, to denote
comparison or resemblance; sometimes, also, following inasmuch as.
As a war should be undertaken upon a just motive, so a prince ought
to consider the condition he is in. Swift.

3. In such manner; to such degree; -- used correlatively with as or
that following; as, he was so fortunate as to escape.
I viewed in may mind, so far as I was able, the beginning and
progress of a rising world. T. Burnet.
He is very much in Sir Roger's esteem, so that he lives in the family
rather as a relation than dependent. Addison.

4. Very; in a high degree; that is, in such a degree as can not well
be expressed; as, he is so good; he planned so wisely.

5. In the same manner; as has been stated or suggested; in this or
that condition or state; under these circumstances; in this way; --
with reflex reference to something just asserted or implied; used
also with the verb to be, as a predicate.
Use him [your tutor] with great respect yourself, and cause all your
family to do so too. Locke.
It concerns every man, with the greatest seriousness, to inquire into
those matters, whether they be so or not. Tillotson.
He is Sir Robert's son, and so art thou. Shak.

6. The case being such; therefore; on this account; for this reason;
on these terms; -- used both as an adverb and a conjuction.
God makes him in his own image an intellectual creature, and so
capable of dominion. Locke.
Here, then, exchange we mutually forgiveness; So may the guilt of all
my broken vows, My perjuries to thee, be all forgotten. Rowe.

7. It is well; let it be as it is, or let it come to pass; -- used to
express assent.
And when 't is writ, for my sake read it over, And if it please you,
so; if not, why, so. Shak.
There is Percy; if your father will do me any honor, so; if not, let
him kill the next Percy himself. Shak.

8. Well; the fact being as stated; -- used as an expletive; as, so
the work is done, is it

9. Is it thus do you mean what you say -- with an upward tone; as, do
you say he refuses So [Colloq.]

10. About the number, time, or quantity specified; thereabouts; more
or less; as, I will spend a week or so in the country; I have read
only a page or so.
A week or so will probably reconcile us. Gay.

Note: See the Note under Ill, adv. So . . . as. So is now commonly
used as a demonstrative correlative of as when it is the puprpose to
emphasize the equality or comparison suggested, esp. in negative
assertions, and questions implying a negative answer. By Shakespeare
and others so . . . as was much used where as . . . as is now common.
See the Note under As, 1.
So do, as thou hast said. Gen. xviii. 5.
As a flower of the field, so he flourisheth. Ps. ciii. 15.
Had woman been so strong as men. Shak.
No country suffered so much as England. Macaulay.
-- So far, to that point or extent; in that particular. "The song was
moral, and so far was right." Cowper.
 -- So far forth, as far; to such a degree. Shak. Bacon.
 -- So forth, further in the same or similar manner; more of the same
or a similar kind. See And so forth, under And.
 -- So, so, well, well. "So, so, it works; now, mistress, sit you
fast." Dryden. Also, moderately or tolerably well; passably; as, he
succeeded but so so. "His leg is but so so." Shak.
 -- So that, to the end that; in order that; with the effect or
result that.
 -- So then, thus then it is; therefore; the consequence is.

SO
So, conj.

Defn: Provided that; on condition that; in case that; if.
Though all the winds of doctrine were let loose play upon the earth,
so truth be in the field, we do injuriously, by licensing and
prohibiting, to misdoubt her strength. Milton.

SO
So, interj.

Defn: Be as you are; stand still; stop; that will do; right as you
are; -- a word used esp. to cows; also used by sailors.

SOAK
Soak, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soaked; p. pr. & vb. n. Soaking.] Etym:
[OE. soken, AS. socian to sioak, steep, fr. s, s, to suck. See Suck.]

1. To cause or suffer to lie in a fluid till the substance has
imbibed what it can contain; to macerate in water or other liquid; to
steep, as for the purpose of softening or freshening; as, to soak
cloth; to soak bread; to soak salt meat, salt fish, or the like.

2. To drench; to wet thoroughly.
Their land shall be soaked with blood. Isa. xxiv. 7.

3. To draw in by the pores, or through small passages; as, a sponge
soaks up water; the skin soaks in moisture.

4. To make (its way) by entering pores or interstices; -- often with
through.
The rivulet beneath soaked its way obscurely through wreaths of snow.
Sir W. Scott.

5. Fig.: To absorb; to drain. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

SOAK
Soak, v. i.

1. To lie steeping in water or other liquid; to become sturated; as,
let the cloth lie and soak.

2. To enter (into something) by pores or interstices; as, water soaks
into the earth or other porous matter.

3. To drink intemperately or gluttonously. [Slang]

SOAKAGE
Soak"age, n.

Defn: The act of soaking, or the state of being soaked; also, the
quantity that enters or issues by soaking.

SOAKER
Soak"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, soaks.

2. A hard drinker. [Slang] South.

SOAKING
Soak"ing, a.

Defn: Wetting thoroughly; drenching; as, a soaking rain.
 -- Soak"ing*ly, adv.

SOAKY
Soak"y, a.

Defn: Full of moisture; wet; soppy.

SOAL
Soal, n.

1. The sole of a shoe. [Obs. or R.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Sole, the fish. [Obs.]

SOAL
Soal, n. Etym: [AS. sol mire. Cf. Sully.]

Defn: A dirty pond. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

SOAM
Soam, n.

Defn: A chain by which a leading horse draws a plow. Knight.

SOAP
Soap, n. Etym: [OE. sope, AS. sape; akin to D. zeep, G. seife, OHG.
seifa, Icel. sapa, Sw. s, Dan. s, and perhaps to AS. sipan to drip,
MHG. sifen, and L. sebum tallow. Cf. Saponaceous.]

Defn: A substance which dissolves in water, thus forming a lather,
and is used as a cleansing agent. Soap is produced by combining fats
or oils with alkalies or alkaline earths, usually by boiling, and
consists of salts of sodium, potassium, etc., with the fatty acids
(oleic, stearic, palmitic, etc.). See the Note below, and cf.
Saponification. By extension, any compound of similar composition or
properties, whether used as a cleaning agent or not.

Note: In general, soaps are of two classes, hard and soft. Calcium,
magnesium, lead, etc., form soaps, but they are insoluble and
useless.
The purifying action of soap depends upon the fact that it is
decomposed by a large quantity of water into free alkali and an
insoluble acid salt. The first of these takes away the fatty dirt on
washing, and the latter forms the soap lather which envelops the
greasy matter and thus tends to remove it. Roscoe & Schorlemmer.
Castile soap, a fine-grained hard soap, white or mottled, made of
olive oil and soda; -- called also Marseilles, or Venetian, soap.
 -- Hard soap, any one of a great variety of soaps, of different
ingredients and color, which are hard and compact. All solid soaps
are of this class.
 -- Lead soap, an insoluble, white, pliable soap made by saponifying
an oil (olive oil) with lead oxide; -- used externally in medicine.
Called also lead plaster, diachylon, etc.
 -- Marine soap. See under Marine.
 -- Pills of soap (Med.), pills containing soap and opium.
 -- Potash soap, any soap made with potash, esp. the soft soaps, and
a hard soap made from potash and castor oil.
 -- Pumice soap, any hard soap charged with a gritty powder, as
silica, alumina, powdered pumice, etc., which assists mechanically in
the removal of dirt.
 -- Resin soap, a yellow soap containing resin, -- used in bleaching.
 -- Silicated soap, a cheap soap containing water glass (sodium
silicate).
 -- Soap bark. (Bot.) See Quillaia bark.
 -- Soap bubble, a hollow iridescent globe, formed by blowing a film
of soap suds from a pipe; figuratively, something attractive, but
extremely unsubstantial.
This soap bubble of the metaphysicians. J. C. Shairp.
-- Soap cerate, a cerate formed of soap, olive oil, white wax, and
the subacetate of lead, sometimes used as an application to allay
inflammation.
 -- Soap fat, the refuse fat of kitchens, slaughter houses, etc.,
used in making soap.
 -- Soap liniment (Med.), a liniment containing soap, camphor, and
alcohol.
 -- Soap nut, the hard kernel or seed of the fruit of the soapberry
tree, -- used for making beads, buttons, etc.
 -- Soap plant (Bot.), one of several plants used in the place of
soap, as the Chlorogalum pomeridianum, a California plant, the bulb
of which, when stripped of its husk and rubbed on wet clothes, makes
a thick lather, and smells not unlike new brown soap. It is called
also soap apple, soap bulb, and soap weed.
 -- Soap tree. (Bot.) Same as Soapberry tree.
 -- Soda soap, a soap containing a sodium salt. The soda soaps are
all hard soaps.
 -- Soft soap, a soap of a gray or brownish yellow color, and of a
slimy, jellylike consistence, made from potash or the lye from wood
ashes. It is strongly alkaline and often contains glycerin, and is
used in scouring wood, in cleansing linen, in dyehouses, etc.
Figuratively, flattery; wheedling; blarney. [Colloq.] -- Toilet soap,
hard soap for the toilet, usually colored and perfumed.

SOAP
Soap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soaped; p. pr. & vb. n. Soaping.]

1. To rub or wash over with soap.

2. To flatter; to wheedle. [Slang]

SOAPBERRY TREE
Soap"ber`ry tree`. (Bot.)

Defn: Any tree of the genus Sapindus, esp. Sapindus saponaria, the
fleshy part of whose fruit is used instead of soap in washing linen;
-- also called soap tree.

SOAPFISH
Soap"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any serranoid fish of the genus Rhypticus; -- so called from
the soapy feeling of its skin.

SOAPINESS
Soap"i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being soapy.

SOAPROOT
Soap"root`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial herb (Gypsophila Struthium) the root of which is
used in Spain as a substitute for soap.

SOAPSTONE
Soap"stone`, n.

Defn: See Steatite, and Talc.

SOAPSUDS
Soap"suds`, n. pl.

Defn: Suds made with soap.

SOAPWORT
Soap"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A common plant (Saponaria officinalis) of the Pink family; --
so called because its bruised leaves, when agitated in water, produce
a lather like that from soap. Called also Bouncing Bet.

SOAPY
Soap"y, a. [Compar. Soapier; superl. Soapiest.]

1. Resembling soap; having the qualities of, or feeling like, soap;
soft and smooth.

2. Smeared with soap; covered with soap.

SOAR
Soar, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Soared; p. pr. & vb. n. Soaring.] Etym: [F.
s'essorer to soar, essorer to dry (by exposing to the air), fr. L. ex
out + aura the air, a breeze; akin to Gr.

1. To fly aloft, as a bird; to mount upward on wings, or as on wings.
Chaucer.
When soars Gaul's vulture with his wings unfurled. Byron.

2. Fig.: To rise in thought, spirits, or imagination; to be exalted
in mood.
Where the deep transported mind may soar. Milton.
Valor soars above What the world calls misfortune. Addison.

SOAR
Soar, n.

Defn: The act of soaring; upward flight.
This apparent soar of the hooded falcon. Coleridge.

SOAR
Soar, a.

Defn: See 3d Sore. [Obs.]

SOAR
Soar, a.

Defn: See Sore, reddish brown. Soar falcon. (Zoöl.) See Sore falcon,
under Sore.

SOARING
Soar"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Soar.
 -- Soar"ing*ly, adv.

SOAVE
So*a"ve, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Sweet.

SOAVEMENTE
So*a`ve*men"te, adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Sweetly.

SOB
Sob, v. t. Etym: [See Sop.]

Defn: To soak. [Obs.] Mortimer.

SOB
Sob, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sobbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sobbing.] Etym: [OE.
sobben; akin to AS. seófian, siófian, to complain, bewail, seófung,
siófung, sobbing, lamentation; cf. OHG. s, s, to sigh, MHG. siuften,
siufzen, G. seufzen, MHG. s a sigh, properly, a drawing in of breath,
from s to drink, OHG. s. Cf. Sup.]

Defn: To sigh with a sudden heaving of the breast, or with a kind of
convulsive motion; to sigh with tears, and with a convulsive drawing
in of the breath.
Sobbing is the same thing [as sighing], stronger. Bacon.
She sighed, she sobbed, and, furious with despair. She rent her
garments, and she tore her hair. Dryden.

SOB
Sob, n.

1. The act of sobbing; a convulsive sigh, or inspiration of the
breath, as in sorrow.
Break, heart, or choke with sobs my hated breath. Dryden.

2. Any sorrowful cry or sound.
The tremulous sob of the complaining owl. Wordsworth.

SOBBING
Sob"bing, n.

Defn: A series of short, convulsive inspirations, the glottis being
suddenly closed so that little or no air enters into the lungs.

SOBER
Sober, a. [Compar. Soberer; superl. Soberest.] Etym: [OE. sobre, F.
sobre, from L. sobrius, probably from a prefix so- expressing
separation + ebrius drunken. Cf. Ebriety.]

1. Temperate in the use of spirituous liquors; habitually temperate;
as, a sober man.
That we may hereafter live a godly, righteous, and sober life, to the
glory of Thy holy name. Bk. of Com. Prayer.

2. Not intoxicated or excited by spirituous liquors; as, the sot may
at times be sober.

3. Not mad or insane; not wild, visionary, or heated with passion;
exercising cool, dispassionate reason; self-controlled; self-
possessed.
There was not a sober person to be had; all was tempestuous and
blustering. Druden.
No sober man would put himself into danger for the applause of
escaping without breaking his neck. Dryden.

4. Not proceeding from, or attended with, passion; calm; as, sober
judgment; a man in his sober senses.

5. Serious or subdued in demeanor, habit, appearance, or color;
solemn; grave; sedate.
What parts gay France from sober Spain Prior.
See her sober over a sampler, or gay over a jointed baby. Pope.
Twilight gray Had in her sober livery all things clad. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Grave; temperate; abstinent; abstemious; moderate; regular;
steady; calm; quiet; cool; collected; dispassionate; unimpassioned;
sedate; staid; serious; solemn; somber. See Grave.

SOBER
So"ber, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sobered; p. pr. & vb. n. Sobering.]

Defn: To make sober.
There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain, And drinking largely
sobers us again. Pope.

SOBER
So"ber, v. i.

Defn: To become sober; -- often with down.
Vance gradually sobered down. Ld. Lytton.

SOBERIZE
So"ber*ize, v. t. & i.

Defn: To sober. [R.] Crabbe.

SOBERLY
So"ber*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sober manner; temperately; cooly; calmly; gravely;
seriously.

SOBERLY
So"ber*ly, a.

Defn: Grave; serious; solemn; sad. [Obs.]
[He] looked hollow and thereto soberly. Chaucer.

SOBER-MINDED
So"ber-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having a disposition or temper habitually sober.
 -- So"ber-mind`ed*ness, n.

SOBERNESS
So"ber*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sober.

SOBOLES
Sob"o*les, n. Etym: [L., a short.] (Bot.)
(a) A shoot running along under ground, forming new plants at short
distances.
(b) A sucker, as of tree or shrub.

SOBOLIFEROUS
Sob`o*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. soboles + -ferous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Producing soboles. See Illust. of Houseleek.

SOBRANJE
So*bran"je, n. [Bulgarian, lit., assembly.]

Defn: The unicameral national assembly of Bulgaria, elected for a
term of five years by universal suffrage of adult males.

SOBRIETY
So*bri"e*ty, n. Etym: [L. sobrietas: cf. F. sobriété. See Sober.]

1. Habitual soberness or temperance as to the use of spirituous
liquors; as, a man of sobriety.
Public sobriety is a relative duty. Blackstone.

2. Habitual freedom from enthusiasm, inordinate passion, or
overheated imagination; calmness; coolness; gravity; seriousness; as,
the sobriety of riper years.
Mirth makes them not mad, Nor sobriety sad. Denham.

Syn.
 -- Soberness; temperance; abstinence; abstemiousness; moderation;
regularity; steadness; calmness; coolness; sober-mindeness;
sedateness; staidness; gravity; seriousness; solemnity.

SOBRIQUET
So`bri`quet" (so`bre`kay"), n.Etym: [F. sobriquet, OF. soubzbriquet,
soubriquet, a chuck under the chin, hence, an affront, a nickname; of
uncertain origin; cf. It. sottobecco a chuck under the chin.]

Defn: An assumed name; a fanciful epithet or appellation; a nickname.
[Sometimes less correctly written soubriquet.]

SOC
Soc (sôk), n. Etym: [AS. s the power of holding court, sway, domain,
properly, the right of investigating or seeking; akin to E. sake,
seek. Sake, Seek, and cf. Sac, and Soke.] [Written also sock, and
soke.]

1. (O. Eng. Law)
(a) The lord's power or privilege of holding a court in a district,
as in manor or lordship; jurisdiction of causes, and the limits of
that jurisdiction.
(b) Liberty or privilege of tenants excused from customary burdens.

2. An exclusive privilege formerly claimed by millers of grrinding
all the corn used within the manor or township which the mill stands.
[Eng.] Soc and sac (O. Eng. Law), the full right of administering
justice in a manor or lordship.

SOCAGE
Soc"age, n.Etym: [From Soc; cf. LL. socagium.] (O.Eng. Law)

Defn: A tenure of lands and tenements by a certain or determinate
service; a tenure distinct from chivalry or knight's service, in
which the obligations were uncertain. The service must be certain, in
order to be denominated socage, as to hold by fealty and twenty
shillings rent. [Written also soccage.]

Note: Socage is of two kinds; free socage, where the services are not
only certain, but honorable; and villein socage, where the services,
though certain, are of a baser nature. Blackstone.

SOCAGER
Soc"a*ger, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A tennant by socage; a socman.

SO-CALLED
So"-called`, a.

Defn: So named; called by such a name (but perhaps called thus with
doubtful propriety).

SOCIABILITY
So`cia*bil"i*ty, n.Etym: [Cf. F. sociabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being sociable; sociableness.

SOCIABLE
So"cia*ble, a.Etym: [F., fr. L. sociabilis, fr. sociare to associate,
fr. socius a companion. See Social.]

1. Capable of being, or fit to be, united in one body or company;
associable. [R.]
They are sociable parts united into one body. Hooker.

2. Inclined to, or adapted for, society; ready to unite with others;
fond of companions; social.
Society is no comfort to one not sociable. Shak.
What can be uneasy to this sociable creature than the dry, pensive
retirements of solitude South.

3. Ready to converse; inclined to talk with others; not taciturn or
reserved.

4. Affording opportunites for conversation; characterized by much
conversation; as, a sociable party.

5. No longer hostile; friendly. [Obs.] Beau & Fl. Sociable bird, or
Sociable weaver (Zoöl.), a weaver bird which builds composite nests.
See Republican, n., 3. (b).

Syn.
 -- Social; companionable; conversible; friendly; familiar;
communicative; accessible.

SOCIABLE
So"cia*ble, n.

1. A gathering of people for social purposes; an informal party or
reception; as, a church sociable. [Colloq. U. S.]

2. A carriage having two double seats facing each other, and a box
for the driver. Miss Edgeworth.

SOCIABLENESS
So"cia*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being sociable.

SOCIABLY
So"cia*bly, adv.

Defn: In a sociable manner.

SOCIAL
So"cial, a. Etym: [L. socialis, from socius a companion; akin to
sequi to follow: cf. F. social. See Sue to follow.]

1. Of or pertaining to society; relating to men living in society, or
to the public as an aggregate body; as, social interest or concerns;
social pleasure; social benefits; social happiness; social duties.
"Social phenomena." J. S. Mill.

2. Ready or disposed to mix in friendly converse; companionable;
sociable; as, a social person.

3. Consisting in union or mutual intercourse.
Best with thyself accompanied, seek'st not Social communication.
Milton.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Naturally growing in groups or masses; -- said of many
individual plants of the same species.

5. (Zoöl.)
(a) Living in communities consisting of males, females, and neuters,
as do ants and most bees.
(b) Forming compound groups or colonies by budding from basal
processes or stolons; as, the social ascidians. Social science, the
science of all that relates to the social condition, the relations
and institutions which are involved in man's existence and his well-
being as a member of an organized community; sociology. It concerns
itself with questions of the public health, education, labor,
punishment of crime, reformation of criminals, and the like.
 -- Social whale (Zoöl.), the blackfish.
 -- The social evil, prostitution.

Syn.
 -- Sociable; companionable; conversible; friendly; familiar;
communicative; convival; festive.

SOCIALISM
So"cial*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. socialisme.]

Defn: A theory or system of social reform which contemplates a
complete reconstruction of society, with a more just and equitable
distribution of property and labor. In popular usage, the term is
often employed to indicate any lawless, revolutionary social scheme.
See Communism, Fourierism, Saint-Simonianism, forms of socialism.
[Socialism] was first applied in England to Owen's theory of social
reconstruction, and in France to those also of St. Simon and Fourier
. . . The word, however, is used with a great variety of meaning, . .
. even by economists and learned critics. The general tendency is to
regard as socialistic any interference undertaken by society on
behalf of the poor, . . . radical social reform which disturbs the
present system of private property . . . The tendency of the present
socialism is more and more to ally itself with the most advanced
democracy. Encyc. Brit.
We certainly want a true history of socialism, meaning by that a
history of every systematic attempt to provide a new social existence
for the mass of the workers. F. Harrison.

SOCIALIST
So"cial*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. socialiste.]

Defn: One who advocates or practices the doctrines of socialism.

SOCIALIST; SOCIALISTIC
So"cial*ist, So`cial*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, socialism.

SOCIALITY
So`ci*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. socialisté, L. socialitas.]

Defn: The quality of being social; socialness.

SOCIALIZE
So"cial*ize, v. t.

1. To render social.

2. To subject to, or regulate by, socialism.

SOCIALLY
So"cial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a social manner; sociably.

SOCIALNESS
So"cial*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being social.

SOCIATE
So"ci*ate, a. Etym: [L. sociatus, p. p. of sociare to associate, fr.
socius companion.]

Defn: Associated. [Obs.]

SOCIATE
So"ci*ate, n.

Defn: An associate. [Obs.]
As for you, Dr. Reynolds, and your sociates. Fuller.

SOCIATE
So"ci*ate, v. i.

Defn: To associate. [Obs.] Shelford.

SOCIETARIAN
So*ci`e*ta"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to society; social.
The all-sweeping besom of societarian reformation. Lamb.

SOCIETARY
So*ci"e*ta*ry, a.

Defn: Societarian. [R.]

SOCIETY
So*ci"e*ty, n.; pl. Societies. Etym: [L. societas, fr. socius a
companion: cf. F. société. See Social.]

1. The relationship of men to one another when associated in any way;
companionship; fellowship; company. "Her loved society." Milton.
There is society where none intrudes By the deep sea, and music in
its roar. Byron.

2. Connection; participation; partnership. [R.]
The meanest of the people and such as have the least society with the
acts and crimes of kings. Jer. Taylor.

3. A number of persons associated for any temporary or permanent
object; an association for mutual or joint usefulness, pleasure, or
profit; a social union; a partnership; as, a missionary society.

4. The persons, collectively considered, who live in any region or at
any period; any community of individuals who are united together by a
common bond of nearness or intercourse; those who recognize each
other as associates, friends, and acquaintances.

5. Specifically, the more cultivated portion of any community in its
social relations and influences; those who mutually give receive
formal entertainments. Society of Jesus. See Jesuit.
 -- Society verses Etym: [a translation of F. vers de société], the
lightest kind of lyrical poetry; verses for the amusement of polite
society.

SOCINIAN
So*cin"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Socinus, or the Socinians.

SOCINIAN
So*cin"i*an, n.

Defn: One of the followers of Socinus; a believer in Socinianism.

SOCINIANISM
So*cin"i*an*ism, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The tenets or doctrines of Faustus Socinus, an Italian
theologian of the sixteenth century, who denied the Trinity, the
deity of Christ, the personality of the Devil, the native and total
depravity of man, the vicarious atonement, and the eternity of future
punishment. His theory was, that Christ was a man divinely
commissioned, who had no existence before he was conceived by the
Virgin Mary; that human sin was the imitation of Adam's sin, and that
human salvation was the imitation and adoption of Christ's virtue;
that the Bible was to be interpreted by human reason; and that its
language was metaphorical, and not to be taken literally.

SOCINIANIZE
So*cin"i*an*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Socinianized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Socinianizing.]

Defn: To cause to conform to Socinianism; to regulate by, or imbue
with, the principles of Socinianism.

SOCIOLOGIC; SOCIOLOGICAL
So`ci*o*log"ic, So`ci*o*log"ic*al a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to sociology, or social science.
 -- So`ci*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

SOCIOLOGIST
So`ci*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who treats of, or devotes himself to, the study of
sociology. J. S. Mill.

SOCIOLOGY
So`ci*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. socius a companion + -logy.]

Defn: That branch of philosophy which treats of the constitution,
phenomena, and development of human society; social science. H.
Spencer.

SOCK
Sock, n. Etym: [F. soc, LL. soccus, perhaps of Celtic origin.]

Defn: A plowshare. Edin. Encyc.

SOCK
Sock, n. Etym: [OE. sock, AS. socc, fr. L. soccus a kind of low-
heeled, light shoe. Cf. Sucket.]

1. The shoe worn by actors of comedy in ancient Greece and Rome, --
used as a sumbol of comedy, of the comic drams, as distinguished from
tragedy, which is symbolized by the buskin.
Great Fletcher never treads in buskin here, Nor greater Jonson dares
in socks appear. Dryden.

2. A knit or woven covering for the foot and lower leg; a stocking
with a short leg.

3. A warm inner sole for a shoe. Simmonds.

SOCKDOLAGER
Sock*dol"a*ger, n. Etym: [A corruption of doxology.] [Written also
sockdologer.]

1. That which finishes or ends a matter; a settler; a poser, as a
heavy blow, a conclusive answer, and the like. [Slang, U.S.]

2. (Angling)

Defn: A combination of two hooks which close upon each other, by
means of a spring, as soon as the fish bites. [U. S.]

SOCKET
Sock"et, n. Etym: [OE. soket, a dim. through OF. fr. L. soccus. See
Sock a covering for the foot.]

1. An opening into which anything is fitted; any hollow thing or
place which receives and holds something else; as, the sockets of the
teeth.
His eyeballs in their hollow sockets sink. Dryden.

2. Especially, the hollow tube or place in which a candle is fixed in
the candlestick.
And in the sockets oily bubbles dance. Dryden.
Socket bolt (Mach.), a bolt that passes through a thimble that is
placed between the parts connected by the bolt.
 -- Socket chisel. Same as Framing chisel. See under Framing.
 -- Socket pipe, a pipe with an expansion at one end to receive the
end of a connecting pipe.
 -- Socket pole, a pole armed with iron fixed on by means of a
socket, and used to propel boats, etc. [U.S.] -- Socket wrench, a
wrench consisting of a socket at the end of a shank or rod, for
turning a nut, bolthead, etc., in a narrow or deep recess.

SOCKETED
Sock"et*ed, a.

Defn: Having a socket. Dawkins.

SOCKLESS
Sock"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of socks or shoes. B. & Fl.

SOCKY
Sock"y, a.

Defn: Wet; soaky. [Prov. Eng.]

SOCLE
So"cle, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. socculus, dim. of soccus. See Sock a
covering for the foot. Cf. Zocco.] (Arch.)
(a) A plain block or plinth forming a low pedestal; any base;
especially, the base of a statue, column, or the like. See Plinth.
(b) A plain face or plinth at the lower part of a wall. Oxf. Gloss.

SOCMAN
Soc"man, n.; pl. Socmen. Etym: [See Socage.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: One who holds lands or tenements by socage; a socager. Cowell.

SOCMANRY
Soc"man*ry, n. (O.E. Law)

Defn: Tenure by socage.

SOCOME
Soc"ome, n. Etym: [AS. socen, socn, searching, or the right of
searching, the lord's court. See Soc.] (O.Eng. Law)

Defn: A custom of tenants to grind corn at the lord's mill. Cowell.

SOCOTRINE
Soc"o*trine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Socotra, an island in the Indian Ocean, on
the east coast of Africa.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Socotra.

SOCRATIC; SOCRATICAL
So*crat"ic, So*crat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. Socraticus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Socrates, the Grecian sage and teacher. (b.
c. 469-399), or to his manner of teaching and philosophizing.

Note: The Socratic method of reasoning and instruction was by a
series of questions leading the one to whom they were addressed to
perceive and admit what was true or false in doctrine, or right or
wrong in conduct.

SOCRATICALLY
So*crat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the Socratic method.

SOCRATISM
Soc"ra*tism, n.

Defn: The philosophy or the method of Socrates.

SOCRATIST
Soc"ra*tist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A disciple or follower of Socrates.

SOD
Sod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The rock dove. [Prov. Eng.]

SOD
Sod, obs.

Defn: imp. of Seethe.

SOD
Sod, n. Etym: [Akin to LG. sode, D. zode, OD. sode, soode, OFries.
satha, and E. seethe. So named from its sodden state in wet weather.
See Seethe.]

Defn: That stratum of the surface of the soil which is filled with
the roots of grass, or any portion of that surface; turf; sward.
She there shall dress a sweeter sod Than Fancy's feet have ever trod.
Collins.

SOD
Sod, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sodden; p. pr. & vb. n. Sodding.]

Defn: To cover with sod; to turf.

SODA
So"da, n. Etym: [It., soda, in OIt., ashes used in making glass, fr.
L. solida, fem. of solidus solid; solida having probably been a name
of glasswort. See Solid.] (Chem.)
(a) Sodium oxide or hydroxide.
(b) Popularly, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate. Caustic soda, sodium
hydroxide.
 -- Cooking soda, sodium bicarbonate. [Colloq.] -- Sal soda. See
Sodium carbonate, under Sodium.
 -- Soda alum (Min.), a mineral consisting of the hydrous sulphate of
alumina and soda.
 -- Soda ash, crude sodium carbonate; -- so called because formerly
obtained from the ashes of sea plants and certain other plants, as
saltwort (Salsola). See under Sodium.
 -- Soda fountain, an apparatus for drawing soda water, fitted with
delivery tube, faucets, etc.
 -- Soda lye, a lye consisting essentially of a solution of sodium
hydroxide, used in soap making.
 -- Soda niter. See Nitratine.
 -- Soda salts, salts having sodium for the base; specifically,
sodium sulphate or Glauber's salts.
 -- Soda waste, the waste material, consisting chiefly of calcium
hydroxide and sulphide, which accumulates as a useless residue or
side product in the ordinary Leblanc process of soda manufacture; --
called also alkali waste.
 -- Soda water, originally, a beverage consisting of a weak solution
of sodium bicarbonate, with some acid to cause effervescence; now, in
common usage, a beverage consisting of water highly charged with
carbon dioxide (carbonic acid). Fruit sirups, cream, etc., are
usually added to give flavor. See Carbonic acid, under Carbonic.
 -- Washing soda, sodium carbonate. [Colloq.]

SODAIC
So*da"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, soda. "Sodaic powder." Ure.

SODALITE
So"da*lite, n. Etym: [Soda + -lite: cf. F. sodalithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a white to blue or gray color, occuring commonly
in dodecahedrons, also massive. It is a silicate of alumina and soda
with some chlorine.

SODALITY
So*dal"i*ty, n.; pl. Sodalities. Etym: [L. sodalitas, fr. sodalis a
comrade.]

1. A fellowship or fraternity; a brotherhood.

2. (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: Specifically, a lay association for devotion or for charitable
purposes.

SODAMIDE
Sod*am"ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A greenish or reddish crystalline substance, NaNH2, obtained by
passing ammonia over heated sodium.

SODDEN
Sod"den, a. [p. p. of Seethe.]

Defn: Boiled; seethed; also, soaked; heavy with moisture; saturated;
as, sodden beef; sodden bread; sodden fields.

SODDEN
Sod"den, v. i.

Defn: To be seethed; to become sodden.

SODDEN
Sod"den, v. t.

Defn: To soak; to make heavy with water.

SODDEN-WITTED
Sod"den-wit`ted, a.

Defn: Heavy; dull. Shak.

SODDY
Sod"dy, a. Etym: [From Sod.]

Defn: Consisting of sod; covered with sod; turfy. Cotgrave.

SODER
Sod"er, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Solder.

SODGER
So"dger, n. & v. i.

Defn: Var. of Soldier. [Dial. or Slang]

SODIC
So"dic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to sodium; containing sodium.

SODIO-
So"di*o-. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting the presence
of sodium or one of its compounds.

SODIUM
So"di*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr.E. soda.] (Chem.)

Defn: A common metallic element of the alkali group, in nature always
occuring combined, as in common salt, in albite, etc. It is isolated
as a soft, waxy, white, unstable metal, so readily oxidized that it
combines violently with water, and to be preserved must be kept under
petroleum or some similar liquid. Sodium is used combined in many
salts, in the free state as a reducer, and as a means of obtaining
other metals (as magnesium and aluminium) is an important commercial
product. Symbol Na (Natrium). Atomic weight 23. Specific gravity
0.97. Sodium amalgam, an alloy of sodium and mercury, usually
produced as a gray metallic crystalline substance, which is used as a
reducing agent, and otherwise.
 -- Sodium bicarbonate, a white crystalline substance, HNaCO3, with a
slight alkaline taste resembling that of sodium carbonate. It is
found in many mineral springs and also produced artificially,. It is
used in cookery, in baking powders, and as a source of carbonic acid
gas (carbon dioxide) for soda water. Called also cooking soda,
saleratus, and technically, acid sodium carbonate, primary sodium
carbonate, sodium dicarbonate, etc.
 -- Sodium carbonate, a white crystalline substance, Na2CO3.10H2O,
having a cooling alkaline taste, found in the ashes of many plants,
and produced artifically in large quantities from common salt. It is
used in making soap, glass, paper, etc., and as alkaline agent in
many chemical industries. Called also sal soda, washing soda, or
soda. Cf. Sodium bicarbonate, above and Trona. Sodium chloride,
common, or table, salt, NaCl.
 -- Sodium hydroxide, a white opaque brittle solid, NaOH, having a
fibrous structure, produced by the action of quicklime, or of calcium
hydrate (milk of lime), on sodium carbonate. It is a strong alkali,
and is used in the manufacture of soap, in making wood pulp for
paper, etc. Called also sodium hydrate, and caustic soda. By
extension, a solution of sodium hydroxide.

SODIUM SULPHATE
So"di*um sul"phate.

Defn: A salt well known as a catharic under the name of Glauber's
salt, which term is properly applied to the hydrate, Na2SO4.10H2O.

SODOMITE
Sod"om*ite, n.

1. An inhabitant of Sodom.

2. One guilty of sodomy.

SODOMITICAL
Sod`om*it"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, sodomy.
 -- Sod`om*it"ic*al*ly, adv.

SODOMY
Sod"om*y, n. Etym: [From Sodom. a country mentioned in the Bible: cf.
F. sodomite.]

Defn: Carnal copulation in a manner against nature; buggery. Gen.
xix. 5.

SOE
Soe, n. Etym: [Scot. sae, say, saye; cf. Icel. sar a large cask, Sw.
s a tub.]

Defn: A large wooden vessel for holding water; a cowl. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.] Dr. H. More.

SOEVER
So*ev"er.

Defn: A word compounded of so and ever, used in composition with who,
what, where, when, how, etc., and indicating any out of all possible
or supposable persons, things, places, times, ways, etc. It is
sometimes used separate from the pronoun or adverb.
For unto whomsoever much is given, of him shall be much required.
Luke xii. 48.
What great thing soever a man proposed to do in his life, he should
think of achieving it by fifty. Sir W. Temple.

SOFA
So"fa, n.; pl. Sofas. Etym: [Ar. soffah, from saffa to dispose in
order: cf. F. sofa, It.sofà.]

Defn: A long seat, usually with a cushioned bottom, back, and ends; -
- much used as a comfortable piece of furniture.
Let fall the curtains, wheel the sofa round. Cowper.
Sofa bed, a sofa so contrived that it may be extended to form a bed;
-- called also sofa bedstead.

SOFFIT
Sof"fit, n. Etym: [It. soffitta, soffitto, fr. soffiggere to hide,
properly, to fix or fasten under, L. suffigere to fasten beneath or
below; sub under, beneath + figere to fix, faste: cf. F. soffite.]
(Arch.)

Defn: The under side of the subordinate parts and members of
buildings, such as staircases, entablatures, archways, cornices, or
the like. See Illust. of Lintel.

SOFI
So"fi, n.; pl. Sofis (.

Defn: Same as Sufi.

SOFISM
So"fism, n.

Defn: Same as Sufism.

SOFT
Soft, a. [Compar. Softer; superl. Softest.] Etym: [OE. softe, AS. s,
properly adv. of s, adj.; akin to OS. safto, adv., D. zacht, OHG.
samfto, adv., semfti, adj., G. sanft, LG. sacht; of uncertain
origin.]

1. Easily yielding to pressure; easily impressed, molded, or cut; not
firm in resisting; impressible; yielding; also, malleable; -- opposed
to Ant: hard; as, a soft bed; a soft peach; soft earth; soft wood or
metal.

2. Not rough, rugged, or harsh to the touch; smooth; delicate; fine;
as, soft silk; a soft skin.
They that wear soft clothing are in king's houses. Matt. xi. 8.

3. Hence, agreeable to feel, taste, or inhale; not irritating to the
tissues; as, a soft liniment; soft wines. "The soft, delicious air."
Milton.

4. Not harsh or offensive to the sight; not glaring; pleasing to the
eye; not exciting by intensity of color or violent contrast; as, soft
hues or tints.
The sun, shining upon the upper part of the clouds . . . made the
softest lights imaginable. Sir T. Browne.

5. Not harsh or rough in sound; gentle and pleasing to the ear;
flowing; as, soft whispers of music.
Her voice was ever soft, Gentle, and low, -- an excellent thing in
woman. Shak.
Soft were my numbers; who could take offense Pope.

6. Easily yielding; susceptible to influence; flexible; gentle; kind.
I would to God my heart were flint, like Edward's; Or Edward's soft
and pitiful, like mine. Shak.
The meek or soft shall inherit the earth. Tyndale.

7. Expressing gentleness, tenderness, or the like; mild;
conciliatory; courteous; kind; as, soft eyes.
A soft answer turneth away wrath. Prov. xv. 1.
A face with gladness overspread, Soft smiles, by human kindness bred.
Wordsworth.

8. Effeminate; not courageous or manly, weak.
A longing after sensual pleasures is a dissolution of the spirit of a
man, and makes it loose, soft, and wandering. Jer. Taylor.

9. Gentle in action or motion; easy.
On her soft axle, white she paces even, And bears thee soft with the
smooth air along. Milton.

10. Weak in character; impressible.
The deceiver soon found this soft place of Adam's. Glanvill.

11. Somewhat weak in intellect. [Colloq.]
He made soft fellows stark noddies, and such as were foolish quite
mad. Burton.

12. Quiet; undisturbed; paceful; as, soft slumbers.

13. Having, or consisting of, a gentle curve or curves; not angular
or abrupt; as, soft outlines.

14. Not tinged with mineral salts; adapted to decompose soap; as,
soft water is the best for washing.

15. (Phonetics)
(a) Applied to a palatal, a sibilant, or a dental consonant (as g in
gem, c in cent, etc.) as distinguished from a guttural mute (as g in
go, c in cone, etc.); -- opposed to hard.
(b) Belonging to the class of sonant elements as distinguished from
the surd, and considered as involving less force in utterance; as, b,
d, g, z, v, etc., in contrast with p, t, k, s, f, etc. Soft clam
(Zoöl.), the common or long clam (Mya arenaria). See Mya.
 -- Soft coal, bituminous coal, as distinguished from anthracite, or
hard, coal.
 -- Soft crab (Zoöl.), any crab which has recently shed its shell.
 -- Soft dorsal (Zoöl.), the posterior part of the dorsal fin of
fishes when supported by soft rays.
 -- Soft grass. (Bot.) See Velvet grass.
 -- Soft money, paper money, as distinguished from coin, or hard
money. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Soft mute. (Phonetics) See Media.
 -- Soft palate. See the Note under Palate.
 -- Soft ray (Zoöl.), a fin ray which is articulated and usually
branched.
 -- Soft soap. See under Soap.
 -- Soft-tack, leavened bread, as distinguished from hard-tack, or
ship bread.
 -- Soft tortoise (Zoöl.), any river tortoise of the genus Trionyx.
See Trionyx.

SOFT
Soft, n.

Defn: A soft or foolish person; an idiot. [Colloq.] G. Eliot.

SOFT
Soft, adv.

Defn: Softly; without roughness or harshness; gently; quietly.
Chaucer.
A knight soft riding toward them. Spenser.

SOFT
Soft, interj.

Defn: Be quiet; hold; stop; not so fast.
Soft, you; a word or two before you go. Shak.

SOFTA
Sof"ta, n. Etym: [Corruption of Per. s one who burns, is ardent or
zealous.]

Defn: Any one attached to a Mohammedan mosque, esp. a student of the
higher branches of theology in a mosque school. [Written also
sophta.]

SOFTEN
Sof"ten, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Softened; p. pr. & vb. n. Softening.]

Defn: To make soft or more soft. Specifically: --
(a) To render less hard; -- said of matter.
Their arrow's point they soften in the flame. Gay.

(b) To mollify; to make less fierce or intractable.
Diffidence conciliates the proud, and softens the severe. Rambler.

(c) To palliate; to represent as less enormous; as, to soften a
fault.
(d) To compose; to mitigate; to assuage.
Music can soften pain to ease. Pope.
(e) To make calm and placid.
All that cheers or softens life. Pope.

(f) To make less harsh, less rude, less offensive, or less violent,
or to render of an opposite quality.
He bore his great commision in his look, But tempered awe, and
softened all he spoke. Dryden.

(g) To make less glaring; to tone down; as, to soften the coloring of
a picture.
(h) To make tender; to make effeminate; to enervate; as, troops
softened by luxury.
(i) To make less harsh or grating, or of a quality the opposite; as,
to soften the voice.

SOFTEN
Sof"ten, v. i.

Defn: To become soft or softened, or less rude, harsh, severe, or
obdurate.

SOFTENER
Sof"ten*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, softens. [Written also, less properly,
softner.]

SOFTENING
Sof"ten*ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Soften, v. Softening of the brain, or Cerebral softening
(Med.), a localized softening of the brain substance, due to
hemorrhage or inflammation. Three varieties, distinguished by their
color and representing different stages of the morbid process, are
known respectively as red, yellow, and white, softening.

SOFT-FINNED
Soft"-finned`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the fin rays cartilaginous or flexible; without spines;
-- said of certain fishes.

SOFT-HEADED
Soft"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Weak in intellect.

SOFT-HEARTED
Soft"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Having softness or tenderness of heart; susceptible of pity or
other kindly affection; gentle; meek.
 -- Soft"-heart`ed*ness, n.

SOFTISH
Soft"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat soft. De Witt Clinton.

SOFTLING
Soft"ling, n.

Defn: A soft, effeminate person; a voluptuary. [R.] Bp. Woolton. .

SOFTLY
Soft"ly, adv.

Defn: In a soft manner.

SOFTNER
Soft"ner, n.

Defn: See Softener.

SOFTNESS
Soft"ness, n. Etym: [AS. s, s.]

Defn: The quality or state of being soft; -- opposed to Ant:
hardness, and used in the various specific senses of the adjective.

SOFT-SHELL; SOFT-SHELLED
Soft"-shell`, Soft"-shelled`, a.

Defn: Having a soft or fragile shell. Soft-shell clam (Zoöl.), the
long clam. See Mya.
 -- Soft-shelled crab. (Zoöl.) See the Note under Crab, 1.
 -- Soft-shelled turtle. (Zoöl.) Same as Soft tortoise, under Soft.

SOFT-SPOKEN
Soft"-spo`ken, a.

Defn: Speaking softly; having a mild or gentle voice; hence, mild;
affable.

SOFT STEEL
Soft steel.

Defn: Steel low in carbon; mild steel; ingot iron.

SOGER
So"ger, n. & v. i.

Defn: Var. of Soldier. [Dial. or Slang]  R. H. Dana, Jr.

SOGGINESS
Sog"gi*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being soggy; soddenness; wetness.

SOGGY
Sog"gy, a. [Compar. Soggier; superl. Soggiest.] Etym: [Cf. Icel.
söggr damp, wet, or E. soak.]

Defn: Filled with water; soft with moisture; sodden; soaked; wet; as,
soggy land or timber.

SOHO
So*ho", interj.

Defn: Ho; -- a word used in calling from a distant place; a
sportsman's halloo. Shak.

SOI-DISANT
Soi`-di`sant", a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Calling himself; self-styled; pretended; would-be.

SOIL
Soil, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Soiling.] Etym:
[OF. saoler, saouler, to satiate, F. soûler, L. satullare, fr.
satullus, dim. of satur sated. See Satire.]

Defn: To feed, as cattle or horses, in the barn or an inclosure, with
fresh grass or green food cut for them, instead of sending them out
to pasture; hence (such food having the effect of purging them), to
purge by feeding on green food; as, to soil a horse.

SOIL
Soil, n. Etym: [OE. soile, F. sol, fr. L. solum bottom, soil; but the
word has probably been influenced in form by soil a miry place. Cf.
Saloon, Soil a miry place, Sole of the foot.]

1. The upper stratum of the earth; the mold, or that compound
substance which furnishes nutriment to plants, or which is
particularly adapted to support and nourish them.

2. Land; country.
Must I thus leave thee, Paradise thus leave Thee, native soil Milton.

3. Dung; fæces; compost; manure; as, night soil.
Improve land by dung and other sort of soils. Mortimer.
Soil pipe, a pipe or drain for carrying off night soil.

SOIL
Soil, v. t.

Defn: To enrich with soil or muck; to manure.
Men . . . soil their ground, not that they love the dirt, but that
they expect a crop. South.

SOIL
Soil, n. Etym: [OF. soil, souil, F. souille, from OF. soillier, F.
souiller. See Soil to make dirty.]

Defn: A marshy or miry place to which a hunted boar resorts for
refuge; hence, a wet place, stream, or tract of water, sought for by
other game, as deer.
As deer, being stuck, fly through many soils, Yet still the shaft
sticks fast. Marston.
To take soil, to run into the mire or water; hence, to take refuge or
shelter.
O, sir, have you taken soil here It is well a man may reach you after
three hours' running. B. Jonson.

SOIL
Soil, v. t.Etym: [OE. soilen, OF. soillier, F. souiller, (assumed)
LL. suculare, fr. L. sucula a little pig, dim. of sus a swine. See
Sow, n.]

1. To make dirty or unclean on the surface; to foul; to dirty; to
defile; as, to soil a garment with dust.
Our wonted ornaments now soiled and stained. Milton.

2. To stain or mar, as with infamy or disgrace; to tarnish; to sully.
Shak.

Syn.
 -- To foul; dirt; dirty; begrime; bemire; bespatter; besmear; daub;
bedaub; stain; tarnish; sully; defile; pollute.

SOIL
Soil, v. i.

Defn: To become soiled; as, light colors soil sooner than dark ones.

SOIL
Soil, n. Etym: [See Soil to make dirty, Soil a miry place.]

Defn: That which soils or pollutes; a soiled place; spot; stain.
A lady's honor . . . will not bear a soil. Dryden.

SOILINESS
Soil"i*ness, n.

Defn: Stain; foulness. [R.] Bacon.

SOILLESS
Soil"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of soil or mold.

SOIL PIPE
Soil pipe.

Defn: A pipe or drain for carrying off night soil.

SOILURE
Soil"ure, n. Etym: [OF. soillure, F. souillure. See Soil to make
dirty.]

Defn: Stain; pollution. Shak.
Then fearing rust or soilure, fashioned for it A case of silk.
Tennyson.

SOILY
Soil"y, a.

Defn: Dirty; soiled. [Obs.] Fuller.

SOIREE
Soi`ree", n. Etym: [F., fr. soir evening, fr. L. serus late, serum
late time. Cf. Serenade.]

Defn: An evening party; -- distinguished from levee, and matinée.

SOJA
So"ja (so"ja or so"ya), n. (Bot.)

Defn: An Asiatic leguminous herb (Glycine Soja) the seeds of which
are used in preparing the sauce called soy.

SOJER
So"jer, n. & v. i.

Defn: Var. of Soldier. [Dial. or Slang]

SOJOURN
So"journ, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sojourned; p. pr. & vb. n. Sojourning.]
Etym: [OE. sojornen, sojournen, OF. sojorner, sejorner, F. séjourner,
fr. L. sub under, about + diurnus belonging to the day. See Journal,
Diurnal.]

Defn: To dwell for a time; to dwell or live in a place as a temporary
resident or as a stranger, not considering the place as a permanent
habitation; to delay; to tarry.
Abram went down into Egypt to sojourn there. Gen. xii. 30.
Home he goeth, he might not longer sojourn. Chaucer.
The soldiers first assembled at Newcastle, and there sojourned three
days. Hayward.

SOJOURN
So"journ, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. sujurn, sujur, sejor, F. séjour. See
Sojourn, v. i.]

Defn: A temporary residence, as that of a traveler in a foreign land.
Though long detained In that obscure sojourn. Milton.

SOJOURNER
So"journ*er, n.

Defn: One who sojourns.
We are strangers before thee, and sojourners. 1. Chron. xxix. 15.

SOJOURNING
So"journ*ing, n.

Defn: The act or state of one who sojourns.

SOJOURNMENT
So"journ*ment, n.

Defn: Temporary residence, as that of a stranger or a traveler. [R.]

SOKE
Soke, n.

1. (Eng. Law)

Defn: See Soc.

2. One of the small territorial divisions into which Lincolnshire,
England, is divided.

SOKEMAN
Soke"man, n.

Defn: See Socman.

SOKEMANRY
Soke"man*ry, n.

Defn: See Socmanry.

SOKEN
Sok"en, n. Etym: [Cf. Socome.]

1. A toll. See Soc, n., 2. [Obs.]
Great sooken had this miller, out of doubt. Chaucer.

2. A district held by socage.

SOKO
So"ko, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African anthropoid ape, supposed to be a variety of the
chimpanzee.

SOL
Sol, n. Etym: [L.]

1. The sun.

2. (Alchem.)

Defn: Gold; -- so called from its brilliancy, color, and value.
Chaucer.

SOL
Sol, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)
(a) A syllable applied in solmization to the note G, or to the fifth
tone of any diatonic scale.
(b) The tone itself.

SOL
Sol, n. Etym: [See Sou.]

1. A sou.

2. A silver and gold coin of Peru. The silver sol is the unit of
value, and is worth about 68 cents.

SOLA
So"la, a. Etym: [L., fem. of solus.]

Defn: See Solus.

SOLA
So"la, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Bot.)

Defn: A leguminous plant (Æschynomene aspera) growing in moist places
in Southern India and the East Indies. Its pithlike stem is used for
making hats, swimming-jackets, etc. [Written also solah, shola.]

SOLACE
Sol"ace, n. Etym: [OF. solas, ssoulaz, L. solacium, solatium, fr.
solari to comfort, console. Cf. Console, v. t.]

1. Comfort in grief; alleviation of grief or anxiety; also, that
which relieves in distress; that which cheers or consoles; relief.
In business of mirth and of solace. Chaucer.
The proper solaces of age are not music and compliments, but wisdom
and devotion. Rambler.

2. Rest; relaxation; ease. [Obs.]
To make his steed some solace. Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- Comfort; consolation; alleviation; relief.

SOLACE
Sol"ace, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Solaced; p. pr. & vb. n. Solacing.]
Etym: [OF. solacier, soulacier, F. solacier, LL. solatiare. See
Solace, n.]

1. To cheer in grief or under calamity; to comfort; to relieve in
affliction, solitude, or discomfort; to console; -- applied to
persons; as, to solace one with the hope of future reward.

2. To allay; to assuage; to soothe; as, to solace grief.

Syn.
 -- To comfort; assuage; allay. See Comfort.

SOLACE
Sol"ace, v. i.

Defn: To take comfort; to be cheered. Shak.

SOLACEMENT
Sol"ace*ment, n.

Defn: The act of solacing, or the state of being solaced; also, that
which solaces. [R.]

SOLACIOUS
So*la"cious, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. solacieux.]

Defn: Affording solace; as, a solacious voice. [Obs.] Bale.

SOLANACEOUS
Sol`a*na"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to plants of the natural order Solanaceæ, of
which the nightshade (Solanum) is the type. The order includes also
the tobacco, ground cherry, tomato, eggplant, red pepper, and many
more.

SOLAND
So"land, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A solan goose.

SOLANDER
So*lan"der, n.

Defn: See Sallenders.

SOLAN GOOSE
So"lan goose`. Etym: [Icel. s; akin to Norw. sula.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common gannet.

SOLANIA
So*la"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: Solanine.

SOLANICINE
So*lan"i*cine, n. Etym: [See Solanine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid produced by the action of hydrochloric acid on
solanidine, as a tasteless yellow crystalline substance.

SOLANIDINE
So*lan"i*dine, n. Etym: [See Solanine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid produced by the decomposition of solanine, as a
white crystalline substance having a harsh bitter taste.

SOLANINE
Sol"a*nine, n. Etym: [L. solanum nightshade.] (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous alkaloid glucoside extracted from the berries of
common nightshade (Solanum nigrum), and of bittersweet, and from
potato sprouts, as a white crystalline substance having an acrid,
burning taste; -- called also solonia, and solanina.

SOLANO
So*la"no, Etym: [Sp., fr. L. solanussc. ventus), from sol the sun.]

Defn: A hot, oppressive wind which sometimes blows in the
Mediterranean, particularly on the eastern coast of Spain.

SOLANOID
Sol"a*noid, a. Etym: [Solanum + -oid.] (Med.)

Defn: Resembling a potato; -- said of a kind of cancer.

SOLANUM
So*la"num, n. Etym: [L., nightshade.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants comprehending the potato (S. tuberosum), the
eggplant (S. melongena, and several hundred other species;
nightshade.

SOLAR
So"lar, n. Etym: [OE. soler, AS. solere, L. solarium, from sol the
sun. See Solar, a.]

Defn: A loft or upper chamber; a garret room. [Obs.] [Written also
soler, solere, sollar.] Oxf. Gloss.

SOLAR
So"lar, a. Etym: [L. solaris, fr. sol the sun; akin to As. s, Icel.
s, Goth. sauil, Lith. saule, W. haul,. sul, Skr. svar, perhaps to E.
sun:F. solaire. Cf. Parasol. Sun.]

1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun; as, the
solar system; solar light; solar rays; solar influence. See Solar
system, below.

2. (Astrol.)

Defn: Born under the predominant influence of the sun. [Obs.]
And proud beside, as solar people are. Dryden.

3. Measured by the progress or revolution of the sun in the ecliptic;
as, the solar year.

4. Produced by the action of the sun, or peculiarly affected by its
influence.
They denominate some herbs solar, and some lunar. Bacon.
Solar cycle. See under Cycle.
 -- Solar day. See Day, 2.
 -- Solar engine, an engine in which the energy of solar heat is used
to produce motion, as in evaporating water for a steam engine, or
expanding air for an air engine.
 -- Solar flowers (Bot.), flowers which open and shut daily at
certain hours.
 -- Solar lamp, an argand lamp.
 -- Solar microscope, a microscope consisting essentially, first, of
a mirror for reflecting a beam of sunlight through the tube, which
sometimes is fixed in a window shutter; secondly, of a condenser, or
large lens, for converging the beam upon the object; and, thirdly, of
a small lens, or magnifier, for throwing an enlarged image of the
object at its focus upon a screen in a dark room or in a darkened
box.
 -- Solar month. See under Month.
 -- Solar oil, a paraffin oil used an illuminant and lubricant.
 -- Solar phosphori (Physics), certain substances, as the diamond,
siulphide of barium (Bolognese or Bologna phosphorus), calcium
sulphide, etc., which become phosphorescent, and shine in the dark,
after exposure to sunlight or other intense light.
 -- Solar plexus (Anat.), a nervous plexus situated in the dorsal and
anterior part of the abdomen, consisting of several sympathetic
ganglia with connecting and radiating nerve fibers; -- so called in
allusion to the radiating nerve fibers.
 -- Solar spots. See Sun spots, under Sun.
 -- Solar system (Astron.), the sun, with the group of celestial
bodies which, held by its attraction, revolve round it. The system
comprises the major planets, with their satellites; the minor
planets, or asteroids, and the comets; also, the meteorids, the
matter that furnishes the zodiacal light, and the rings of Saturn.
The satellites that revolve about the major planets are twenty-two in
number, of which the Earth has one (see Moon.), Mars two, Jupiter
five, Saturn nine, Uranus four, and Neptune one. The asteroids,
between Mars and Jupiter, thus far discovered (1900), number about
five hundred, the first four of which were found near the beginning
of the century, and are called Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta.

Note: The principal elements of the major planets, and of the comets
seen at more than one perihelion passage, are exhibited in the
following tables: --
I.
 -- Major Planets. Symbol.Name.Mean distance -- that of the Earth
being unity.Period in days.Eccentricity.Inclination of orbit.Diameter
in miles
II.
 -- Periodic Comets. Name.Greatest distance from sun.Least distance
from sun.Inclination of orbit.Perihelion passage. º min 54
Encke's3.314.100.34212 541885.2 -- Solar telegraph, telegraph for
signaling by flashes of reflected sunlight.
 -- Solar time. See Apparent time, under Time.

SOLARIUM
So*la"ri*um, n.; pl. Solaria. Etym: [L. See Solar, n.]

1. An apartment freely exposed to the sun; anciently, an apartment or
inclosure on the roof of a house; in modern times, an apartment in a
hospital, used as a resort for convalescents.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of handsome marine spiral shells of
the genus Solarium and allied genera. The shell is conical, and
usually has a large, deep umbilicus exposing the upper whorls. Called
also perspective shell.

SOLARIZATION
So`lar*i*za"tion, n. (Photog.)

Defn: Injury of a photographic picture caused by exposing it for too
long a time to the sun's light in the camera; burning; excessive
insolation.

SOLARIZE
So"lar*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Solarized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Solarizing.] (Photog.)

Defn: To injure by too long exposure to the light of the sun in the
camera; to burn.

SOLARIZE
So"lar*ize, v. i. (Photog.)

Defn: To become injured by undue or too long exposure to the sun's
rays in the camera.

SOLAR MYTH
So"lar myth.

Defn: A myth which essentially consists of allegory based upon ideas
as to the sun's course, motion, influence, or the like.

SOLAR PARALLAX
Solar parallax.

Defn: The parallax of the sun, that is, the angle subtended at the
sun by the semidiameter of the earth. It is 8."80, and is the
fundamental datum.

SOLARY
So"la*ry, a.

Defn: Solar. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SOLAS
Sol"as, n.

Defn: Solace. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOLATIUM
So*la"ti*um, n. Etym: [L. See Solace, n.]

Defn: Anything which alleviates or compensates for suffering or loss;
a compensation; esp., an additional allowance, as for injured
feelings.

SOLD
Sold,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Sell.

SOLD
Sold, n. Etym: [F. solde. See Soldier, and cf. Sou.]

Defn: Solary; military pay. [Obs.] Spenser.

SOLDAN
Sol"dan, n.Etym: [OE. soudan, F. soudan, from the Arabic. See
Sultan.]

Defn: A sultan. [Obs.] Milton.

SOLDANEL
Sol"da*nel, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Soldanella, low Alpine herbs of the
Primrose family.

SOLDANRIE
Sol"dan*rie, n.

Defn: The country ruled by a soldan, or sultan. [Poet.] Sir W. Scott.

SOLDER
Sol"der, n. Etym: [Formerly soder; F. soudure, OF. soudeure, fr. OF.
& F. souder to solder, L. solidare to fasten, to make solid. See
Solid, and cf. Sawder.]

Defn: A metal or metallic alloy used when melted for uniting adjacent
metallic edges or surfaces; a metallic coment. Hence, anything which
unites or cements. Hard solder, a solder which fuses only at a red
heat, as one composed of zinc and copper, or silver and copper, etc.
 -- Soft solder, a solder fusible at comparatively low temperatures;
as, plumbers' solder, consisting of two parts lead and one part tin,
is a soft solder.

SOLDER
Sol"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soldered; p. pr. & vb. n. Soldering.]
Etym: [Formerlysoder. See Solder, n.]

1. To unite (metallic surfaces or edges) by the intervention of a
more fusible metal or metallic alloy applied when melted; to join by
means of metallic cement.

2. To mend; to patch up. "To solder up a broken cause." Hooker.

SOLDERER
Sol"der*er, n.

Defn: One who solders.

SOLDERING
Sol"der*ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Solder, v. t. Soldering iron, Soldering tool, an
instrument for soldering, consisting of a bit or bolt of copper
having a pointed or wedge-shaped end, and furnished with a handle.

SOLDIER
Sol"dier, n. Etym: [OE. souldier, soudiour, souder, OF. soldier,
soldoier, soldeier, sodoier, soudoier, soudier, fr. L. solidus a
piece of money (hence applied to the pay of a soldier), fr. solidus
solid. See Solid, and cf. Sold, n.]

1. One who is engaged in military service as an officer or a private;
one who serves in an army; one of an organized body of combatants.
I am a soldier and unapt to weep. Shak.

2. Especially, a private in military service, as distinguished from
an officer.
It were meet that any one, before he came to be a captain, should
have been a soldier. Spenser.

3. A brave warrior; a man of military experience and skill, or a man
of distinguished valor; -- used by way of emphasis or distinction.
Shak.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The red or cuckoo gurnard (Trigla pini.) [Prov. Eng.]

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the asexual polymorphic forms of white ants, or
termites, in which the head and jaws are very large and strong. The
soldiers serve to defend the nest. See Termite. Soldier beetle
(Zoöl.), an American carabid beetle (Chauliognathus Americanus) whose
larva feeds upon other insects, such as the plum curculio.
 -- Soldier bug (Zoöl.), any hemipterous insect of the genus Podisus
and allied genera, as the spined soldier bug (Podius spinosus). These
bugs suck the blood of other insects.
 -- Soldier crab (Zoöl.) (a) The hermit crab. (b) The fiddler crab.
 -- Soldier fish (Zoöl.), a bright-colored etheostomoid fish
(Etheostoma coeruleum) found in the Mississippi River; -- called also
blue darter, and rainbow darter.
 -- Soldier fly (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small
dipterous flies of the genus Stratyomys and allied genera. They are
often bright green, with a metallic luster, and are ornamented on the
sides of the back with markings of yellow, like epaulets or shoulder
straps.
 -- Soldier moth (Zoöl.), a large geometrid moth (Euschema
militaris), having the wings bright yellow with bluish black lines
and spots.
 -- Soldier orchis (Bot.), a kind of orchis (Orchis militaris).

SOLDIER
Sol"dier, v. i.

1. To serve as a soldier.

2. To make a pretense of doing something, or of performing any task.
[Colloq.U.S.]

Note: In this sense the vulgar pronounciation (so"jer) is jocosely
preserved.
It needs an opera glass to discover whether the leaders are pulling,
or only soldiering. C. D. Warner.

SOLDIERESS
Sol"dier*ess, n.

Defn: A female soldier. [Obs.]

SOLDIERING
Sol"dier*ing, n.

1. The act of serving as a soldier; the state of being a soldier; the
occupation of a soldier.

2. The act of feigning to work. See the Note under Soldier, v. i., 2.
[Colloq. U.S.]

SOLDIERLIKE
Sol"dier*like", a.

Defn: Like a soldier; soldierly.

SOLDIERLY
Sol"dier*ly, a.

Defn: Like or becoming a real soldier; brave; martial; heroic;
honorable; soldierlike. "Soldierly discipline." Sir P. Sidney.

SOLDIERSHIP
Sol"dier*ship, n.

Defn: Military qualities or state; martial skill; behavior becoming a
soldier. [R.] Shak.

SOLDIERWOOD
Sol"dier*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A showy leguminous plant (Calliandra purpurea) of the West
Indies. The flowers have long tassels of purple stamens.

SOLDIERY
Sol"dier*y, n.

1. A body of soldiers; soldiers, collectivelly; the military.
A camp of faithful soldiery. Milton.

2. Military service. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

SOLDO
Sol"do, n.; pl. Soldi. Etym: [It. See Sou.]

Defn: A small Italian coin worth a sou or a cent; the twentieth part
of a lira.

SOLE
Sole, n. Etym: [F. sole, L. solea; -- so named from its flat shape.
See Sole of the foot.] (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of several species of flatfishes of the genus Solea and
allied genera of the family Soleidæ, especially the common European
species (Solea vulgaris), which is a valuable food fish.
(b) Any one of several American flounders somewhat resembling the
true sole in form or quality, as the California sole (Lepidopsetta
bilineata), the long-finned sole (Glyptocephalus zachirus), and other
species. Lemon, or French, sole (Zoöl.), a European species of sole
(Solea pegusa).
 -- Smooth sole (Zoöl.), the megrim.

SOLE
Sole, n. Etym: [AS. sole, fr. L. soolea (or rather an assumed L.
sola), akin to solumround, soil, sole of the foot. Cf. Exile, Saloon,
Soil earth, Sole the fish.]

1. The bottom of the foot; hence, also, rarely, the foot itself.
The dove found no rest for the sole of her foot. Gen. viii. 9.
Hast wandered through the world now long a day, Yet ceasest not thy
weary soles to lead. Spenser.

2. The bottom of a shoe or boot, or the piece of leather which
constitutes the bottom.
The "caliga" was a military shoe, with a very thick sole, tied above
the instep. Arbuthnot.

3. The bottom or lower part of anything, or that on which anything
rests in standing. Specifially: (a) (Agric.)

Defn: The bottom of the body of a plow; -- called also slade; also,
the bottom of a furrow.
(b) (Far.) The horny substance under a horse's foot, which protects
the more tender parts.
(c) (Fort.) The bottom of an embrasure.
(d) (Naut.) A piece of timber attached to the lower part of the
rudder, to make it even with the false keel. Totten.
(e) (Mining) The seat or bottom of a mine; -- applied to horizontal
veins or lodes. Sole leather, thick, strong, used for making the
soles of boots and shoes, and for other purposes.

SOLE
Sole, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soled; p. pr. & vb. n. Soling.]

Defn: To furnish with a sole; as, to sole a shoe.

SOLE
Sole, a. Etym: [L. solus, or OF. sol, F. seul (fr. L. solus; cf. L.
sollus whole, entire. Cf. Desolate, Solemn, Solo, Sullen.]

1. Being or acting without another; single; individual; only. "The
sole son of my queen." Shak.
He, be sure . . . first and last will reign Sole king. Milton.

2. (Law)

Defn: Single; unmarried; as, a feme sole. Corporation sole. See the
Note under Corporation.

Syn.
 -- Single; individual; only; alone; solitary.

SOLECISM
Sol"e*cism, n.Etym: [F. solécisme, L. soloecismus, Gr. soloikismo`s,
fr. soloiki`zein to speak or write incorrectly, fr. so`loikos
speaking incorrectly, from the corruption of the Attic dialect among
the Athenian colonists of So`loi in Cilicia.]

1. An impropriety or incongruity of language in the combination of
words or parts of a sentence; esp., deviation from the idiom of a
language or from the rules of syntax.
A barbarism may be in one word; a solecism must be of more. Johnson.

2. Any inconsistency, unfitness, absurdity, or impropriety, as in
deeds or manners.
Cæsar, by dismissing his guards and retaining his power, committed a
dangerous solecism in politics. C. Middleton.
The idea of having committed the slightest solecism in politeness was
agony to him. Sir W. Scott.

Syn.
 -- Barbarism; impropriety; absurdity.

SOLECIST
Sol"e*cist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who commits a solecism. Blackwall.

SOLECISTIC
Sol`e*cis"tic, a.

Defn: Solecistical.

SOLECISTICAL
Sol`e*cis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or involving, a solecism; incorrect. "He thought
it made the language solecistical and absurd." Blackwall.

SOLECISTICALLY
Sol`e*cis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a solecistic manner.

SOLECIZE
Sol"e*cize, v. i. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To commit a solecism. [R.] Dr. H. More.

SOLELY
Sole"ly, adv.

Defn: Singly; alone; only; without another; as, to rest a cause
solely one argument; to rely solelyn one's own strength.

SOLEMN
Sol"emn, a. Etym: [OE. solempne, OF. solempne, L. solemnis, solennis,
sollemnis, sollennis; sollus all, entire + annus a year; properly,
that takes place every year; -- used especially of religious
solemnities. Cf. Silly, Annual.]

1. Marked with religious rites and pomps; enjoined by, or connected
with, religion; sacred.
His holy rites and solemn feasts profaned. Milton.
The worship of this image was advanced, and a solemn supplication
observed everry year. Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. Pertaining to a festival; festive; festal. [Obs.] "On this solemn
day." Chaucer.

3. Stately; ceremonious; grand. [Archaic]
His feast so solemn and so rich. Chaucer.
To-night we hold a splemn supper. Shak.

4. Fitted to awaken or express serious reflections; marked by
seriousness; serious; grave; devout; as, a solemn promise; solemn
earnestness.
Nor wanting power to mitigate and swage With solemn touches troubled
thoughts. Milton.
There reigned a solemn silence over all. Spenser.

5. Real; earnest; downright. [Obs. & R.]
Frederick, the emperor, . . . has spared no expense in strengthening
this city; since which time we find no solemn taking it by the Turks.
Fuller.

6. Affectedly grave or serious; as, to put on a solemn face. "A
solemn coxcomb." Swift.

7. (Law)

Defn: Made in form; ceremonious; as, solemn war; conforming with all
legal requirements; as, probate in solemn form. Burrill. Jarman.
Greenleaf. Solemn League and Covenant. See Covenant, 2.

Syn.
 -- Grave; formal; ritual; ceremonial; sober; serious; reverential;
devotional; devout. See Grave.

SOLEMNESS
Sol"em*ness, n.

Defn: Solemnness.
Some think he wanted solemnes. Sir H. Wotton.

SOLEMNITY
So*lem"ni*ty, n.; pl. Solemnities. Etym: [L. solemnitas, solennitas:
cf. F. solennité, solemnité, OF. also sollempnité.]

1. A rite or ceremony performed with religious reverence; religious
or ritual ceremony; as, the solemnity of a funeral, a sacrament.
Great was the cause; our old solemnities From no blind zeal or fond
tradition rise, But saved from death, our Argives yearly pay These
grateful honors to the god of day. Pope.

2. ceremony adapted to impress with awe.
The forms and solemnities of the last judgment. Atterburry.

3. Ceremoniousness; impressiveness; seriousness; grave earnestness;
formal dignity; gravity.
With much glory and great solemnity. Chaucer.
The statelines and gravity of the Spaniards shows itself in the
solemnity of their language. Addison.
These promises were often made with great solemnity and confirmed
with an oath. J. Edwards.

4. Hence, affected gravity or seriousness.
Solemnity 's a cover for a sot. Young.

5. Solemn state or feeling; awe or reverence; also, that which
produces such a feeling; as, the solemnity of an audience; the
solemnity of Westminster Abbey.

6. (Law)

Defn: A solemn or formal observance; proceeding according to due
form; the formality which is necessary to render a thing done valid.

SOLEMNIZATE
So*lem"ni*zate, v. t.

Defn: To solemnize; as, to solemnizate matrimony. [R.] Bp. Burnet.

SOLEMNIZATION
Sol`em*ni*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. solemnisation, solennisation.]

Defn: The act of solemnizing; celebration; as, the solemnization of a
marriage.

SOLEMNIZE
Sol"em*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Solemnized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Solemnizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. solemniser, sollemniser.]

1. To perform with solemn or ritual ceremonies, or according to legal
forms.
Baptism to be administered in one place, and marriage solemnized in
another. Hooker.

2. To dignify or honor by ceremonies; to celebrate.
Their choice nobility and flowers . . . Met from all parts to
solemnize this feast. Milton.

3. To make grave, serious, and reverential.
Wordsworth was solemnizzed and elevated by this his first look on
Yarrow. J. C. Shairp.
Every Israelite . . . arose, solemnized his face, looked towards
Jerusalem . . . and prayed. L. Wallace.

SOLEMNIZE
Sol"em*nize, n.

Defn: Solemnization. [R.]
Though spoused, yet wanting wedlock's solemnize. Spenser.

SOLEMNIZER
Sol"em*ni`zer, n.

Defn: One who solemnizes.

SOLEMNLY
Sol"emn*ly, adv.

Defn: In a solemn manner; with gravity; seriously; formally.
There in deaf murmurs solemnly are wise. Dryden.
I do solemnly assure the reader. Swift.

SOLEMNNESS
Sol"emn*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being solemn; solemnity;
impressiveness; gravity; as, the solemnness of public worship.
[Written also solemness.]

SOLEMPNE
So*lemp"ne, a. Etym: [See Solemn.]

Defn: Solemn; grand; stately; splendid; magnificent. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOLEN
So"len, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: A cradle, as for a broken limb. See Cradle, 6.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine bivalve mollusk belonging to Solen or allied genera
of the family Solenidæ; a razor shell.

SOLENACEAN
Sol`e*na"cean, n. (Zoöl).

Defn: Any species of marine bivalve shells belonging to the family
Solenidæ.

SOLENACEOUS
Sol`e*na"ceous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the solens or family Solenidæ.

SOLENESS
Sole"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being sole, or alone; singleness. [R.]
Chesterfield.

SOLENETTE
Sole*nette", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European sole (Solea minuta).

SOLENOCONCHA
So*le`no*con"cha, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Solen, and Conch.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Scaphopoda.

SOLENODON
So*le"no*don, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Either one of two species of singular West Indian insectivores,
allied to the tenrec. One species (Solendon paradoxus), native of St.
Domingo, is called also agouta; the other (S. Cubanus), found in
Cuba, is called almique.

SOLENOGASTRA
So*le`no*gas"tra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of lowly organized Mollusca belonging to the
Isopleura. A narrow groove takes the place of the foot of other
gastropods.

SOLENOGLYPH
So*le"no*glyph, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Selenoglypha. See Ophidia.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Selenoglypha.

SOLENOGLYPHA
So`le*nog"ly*pha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of serpents including those which have tubular
erectile fangs, as the viper and rattlesnake. See Fang.

SOLENOID
So"len*oid, n.Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Elec.)

Defn: An electrodynamic spiral having the conjuctive wire turned back
along its axis, so as to neutralize that component of the effect of
the current which is due to the length of the spiral, and reduce the
whole effect to that of a series of equal and parallel circular
currents. When traversed by a current the solenoid exhibits polarity
and attraction or repulsion, like a magnet.

SOLENOSTOMI
So`le*nos"to*mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of lophobranch fishes having a tubular snout. The
female carries the eggs in a ventral pouch.

SOLEPLATE
Sole"plate`, n. (Mach.)
(a) A bedplate; as, the soleplate of a steam engine.
(b) The plate forming the back of a waterwheel bucket.

SOLER; SOLERE
So"ler, So"lere, n. Etym: [OE. See Solar, n.]

Defn: A loft or garret. See Solar, n. Sir W. Scott.

SOLERT
So"lert, a. Etym: [L. solers, sollers, -ertis,clever, skillful.]

Defn: Skillful; clever; crafty. [Obs.] Cudworth.

SOLERTIOUSNESS
So*ler"tious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being solert. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket.

SOLESHIP
Sole"ship, n.

Defn: The state of being sole, or alone; soleness. [R.] Sir E.
Dering.

SOLE TRADER
Sole trader.

Defn: A feme sole trader.

SOL-FA
Sol`-fa", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sol-faed;p. pr. & vb. n. Sol-faing.]
Etym: [It. solfa the gamut, from the syllables fa, sol.]

Defn: To sing the notes of the gamut, ascending or descending; as, do
or ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, do, or the same in reverse order.
Yet can I neither solfe ne sing. Piers Plowman.

SOL-FA
Sol"-fa", n.

Defn: The gamut, or musical scale. See Tonic sol-fa, under Tonic, n.

SOLFANARIA
Sol`fa*na"ri*a, n. Etym: [It., from solfo sulphur.]

Defn: A sulphur mine.

SOLFATARA
Sol`fa*ta"ra, n.Etym: [It., from solfo brimstone, sulphur, L. sulfur,
E. sulphur.] (Geol.)

Defn: A volcanic area or vent which yields only sulphur vapors,
steam, and the like. It represents the stages of the volcanic
activity.

SOLFEGGIARE
Sol`feg*gia"re, v. i.Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: To sol-fa. See Sol-fa, v. i.

SOLFEGGIO
Sol*feg"gio, n.Etym: [It., fr. solfa the gamut.] (Mus.)

Defn: The system of arranging the scale by the names do, re, mi, fa,
sol, la, si, by which singing is taught; a singing exercise upon
these syllables.

SOLFERINO
Sol`fe*ri"no, n.

Defn: A brilliant deep pink color with a purplish tinge, one of the
dyes derived from aniline; -- so called from Solferino in Italy,
where a battle was fought about the time of its discovery.

SOLI
So"li, n.,

Defn: pl. of Solo.

SOLICIT
So*lic"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Solicited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Soliciting.] Etym: [F. sollicier, L. sollicitare, solicitare, -atum,
fr. sollicitus wholly (i. e., violently) moved; sollus whole + citus,
p. p. of ciere to move, excite. See Solemn, Cite.]

1. To ask from with earnestness; to make petition to; to apply to for
obtaining something; as, to solicit person for alms.
Did I solicit thee From darkness to promote me Milton.

2. To endeavor to obtain; to seek; to plead for; as, to solicit an
office; to solicit a favor.
I view my crime, but kindle at the view, Repent old pleasures, and
solicit new. Pope.

3. To awake or excite to action; to rouse desire in; to summon; to
appeal to; to invite.
That fruit . . . solicited her longing eye. Milton.
Sounds and some tangible qualities solicit their proper senses, and
force an entrance to the mind. Locke.

4. To urge the claims of; to plead; to act as solicitor for or with
reference to. [Obs.]
Should My brother henceforth study to forget The vow that he hath
made thee, I would ever Solicit thy deserts. Ford.

5. To disturb; to disquiet; -- a Latinism rarely used.
Hath any ill solicited thine ears Chapman.
But anxious fears solicit my weak breast. Dryden.

Syn. To beseech; ask; request; crave; supplicate; entreat; beg;
implore; importune. See Beseech.

SOLICITANT
So*lic"it*ant, n.Etym: [L. solicitans, p. pr. ]

Defn: One who solicits.

SOLICITATE
So*lic"it*ate, a.

Defn: Solicitous. [Obs.] Eden.

SOLICITATION
So*lic`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [F. solicitation, or L. sollicitatio.]

1. The act of soliciting; earnest request; persistent asking;
importunity.

2. Excitement; invitation; as, the solicitation of the senses. Locke.

SOLICITOR
So*lic"it*or, n. Etym: [F. soliciteur, L. solicitator.]

1. One who solicits.

2. (Law)
(a) An attorney or advocate; one who represents another in court; --
formerly, in English practice, the professional designation of a
person admitted to practice in a court of chancery or equity. See the
Note under Attorney.
(b) The law officer of a city, town, department, or government; as,
the city solicitor; the solicitor of the treasury.

SOLICITOR-GENERAL
So*lic"it*or-gen"er*al, n.

Defn: The second law officer in the government of Great Britain;
also, a similar officer under the United States government, who is
associated with the attorney-general; also, the chief law officer of
some of the States.

SOLICITOUS
So*lic"it*ous, a.Etym: [L. sollicitus, solicitus. See Solicit, v. t.]

Defn: Disposed to solicit; eager to obtain something desirable, or to
avoid anything evil; concerned; anxious; careful. "Solicitous of my
reputation." Dryden. "He was solicitous for his advice." Calerendon.
Enjoy the present, whatsoever it be, and be not solicitous about the
future. Jer. Taylor.
The colonel had been intent upon other things, and not enough
solicitous to finish the fortifications. Clarendon.
-- So*lic"it*ous*ly, adv.
 -- So*lic"it*ous*ness, n.

SOLICITRESS
So*lic"it*ress, n.

Defn: A woman who solicits.

SOLICITUDE
So*lic"i*tude, n. Etym: [F. sollicitude,r L. sollicitudo.]

Defn: The state of being solicitous; uneasiness of mind occasioned by
fear of evil or desire good; anxiety.
The many cares and great labors of worldly men, their solicitude and
outward shows. Sir W. Raleigh.
The mother looked at her with fond solicitude. G. W. Cable.

Syn.
 -- Carefulness; concern; anxiety. See Care.

SOLID
Sol"id, a. Etym: [L. solidus, probably akin to sollus whole, entire,
Gr. solide. Cf. Consolidate,Soda, Solder, Soldier, Solemn.]

1. Having the constituent parts so compact, or so firmly adhering, as
to resist the impression or penetration of other bodies; having a
fixed form; hard; firm; compact; -- opposed to fluid and liquid or to
plastic, like clay, or to incompact, like sand.

2. Not hollow; full of matter; as, a solid globe or cone, as
distinguished from a Ant: hollow one; not spongy; dense; hence,
sometimes, heavy.

3. (Arith.)

Defn: Having all the geometrical dimensions; cubic; as, a solid foot
contains 1,728 solid inches.

Note: In this sense, cubics now generally used.

4. Firm; compact; strong; stable; unyielding; as, a solid pier; a
solid pile; a solid wall.

5. Applied to a compound word whose parts are closely united and form
an unbroken word; -- opposed to hyphened.

6. Fig.: Worthy of credit, trust, or esteem; substantial, as opposed
to frivolous or fallacious; weighty; firm; strong; valid; just;
genuine.
The solid purpose of a sincere and virtuous answer. Milton.
These, wanting wit, affect gravity, and go by the name of solid men.
Dryden.
The genius of the Italians wrought by solid toil what the myth-making
imagination of the Germans had projected in a poem. J. A. Symonds.

7. Sound; not weakly; as, a solid constitution of body. I. Watts.

8. (Bot.)

Defn: Of a fleshy, uniform, undivided substance, as a bulb or root;
not spongy or hollow within, as a stem.

9. (Metaph.)

Defn: Impenetrable; resisting or excluding any other material
particle or atom from any given portion of space; -- applied to the
supposed ultimate particles of matter.

10. (Print.)

Defn: Not having the lines separated by leads; not open.

11. United; without division; unanimous; as, the delegation is solid
for a candidate. [Polit. Cant. U.S.] Solid angle. (Geom.) See under
Angle.
 -- Solid color, an even color; one not shaded or variegated.
 -- Solid green. See Emerald green (a), under Green.
 -- Solid measure (Arith.), a measure for volumes, in which the units
are each a cube of fixed linear magnitude, as a cubic foot, yard, or
the like; thus, a foot, in solid measure, or a solid foot, contains
1,728 solid inches.
 -- Solid newel (Arch.), a newel into which the ends of winding
stairs are built, in distinction from a hollow newel. See under
Hollow, a.
 -- Solid problem (Geom.), a problem which can be construed
geometrically, only by the intersection of a circle and a conic
section or of two conic sections. Hutton.
 -- Solid square (Mil.), a square body or troops in which the ranks
and files are equal.

Syn.
 -- Hard; firm; compact; strong; substantial; stable; sound; real;
valid; true; just; weighty; profound; grave; important.
 -- Solid, Hard. These words both relate to the internal constitution
of bodies; but hardnotes a more impenetrable nature or a firmer
adherence of the component parts than solid. Hard is opposed to soft,
and solid to fluid, liquid, open, or hollow. Wood is usually solid;
but some kinds of wood are hard, and others are soft.
Repose you there; while I [return] to this hard house, More harder
than the stones whereof 't is raised. Shak.
I hear his thundering voice resound, And trampling feet than shake
the solid ground. Dryden.

SOLID
Sol"id, n.

1. A substance that is held in a fixed form by cohesion among its
particles; a substance not fluid.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A magnitude which has length, breadth, and thickness; a part of
space bounded on all sides. Solid of revolution. (Geom.) See
Revolution, n., 5.

SOLIDAGO
Sol`i*da"go, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. solidare to strengthen, unite; --
so called in allusion to its reputed healing qualities.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of yellow-flowered composite perennial herbs; golden-
rod.

SOLIDARE
Sol"i*dare, n. Etym: [LL. solidus. Cf. Sou.]

Defn: A small piece of money. [Obs.] Shak.

SOLIDARITY
Sol`i*dar"i*ty, n. Etym: [F. solidarité, fr. solide. See Solid.]

Defn: An entire union or consolidation of interests and
responsibilities; fellowship; community.
Solidarity [a word which we owe to the French Communists], signifies
a fellowship in gain and loss, in honor and dishonor, in victory and
defeat, a being, so to speak, all in the same boat. Trench.
The solidarity . . . of Breton and Welsh poetry. M. Arnold.

SOLIDARY
Sol"i*da*ry, a.

Defn: Having community of interests and responsibilities.
Men are solidary, or copartners; and not isolated. M. Arnold.

SOLIDATE
Sol"i*date, v. t. Etym: [L. solidatus, p. p. of solidare. See
Solder.]

Defn: To make solid or firm. [Obs.] Cowley.

SOLID-DRAWN
Sol"id-drawn`, a.

Defn: Drawn out from a heated solid bar, as by a process of spiral
rolling which first hollows the bar and then expands the cavity by
forcing the bar over a pointed mandrel fixed in front of the rolls; -
- said of a weldless tube.

SOLIDIFIABLE
So*lid"i*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being solidified.

SOLIDIFICATION
So*lid`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. solidification.]

Defn: Act of solidifying, or state of being solidified.

SOLIDIFY
So*lid"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Solidified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Solidifying.] Etym: [Solid + -fy: cf. F. solidifier.]

Defn: To make solid or compact.
Every machine is a solidified mechanical theorem. H. Spencer.

SOLIDIFY
So*lid"i*fy, v. i.

Defn: To become solid; to harden.

SOLIDISM
Sol"id*ism, n. (Med.)

Defn: The doctrine that refers all diseases to morbid changes of the
solid parts of the body. It rests on the view that the solids alone
are endowed with vital properties, and can receive the impression of
agents tending to produce disease.

SOLIDIST
Sol"id*ist, n. (Med.)

Defn: An advocate of, or believer in, solidism. Dunglison.

SOLIDITY
So*lid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. soliditas: cf. F. solidité.]

1. The state or quality of being solid; density; consistency, --
opposed to fluidity; compactness; fullness of matter, -- opposed to
openness or hollowness; strength; soundness, -- opposed to weakness
or instability; the primary quality or affection of matter by which
its particles exclude or resist all others; hardness; massiveness.
That which hinders the approach of two bodies when they are moving
one toward another, I call solidity. Locke.

2. Moral firmness; soundness; strength; validity; truth; certainty; -
- as opposed to weakness or fallaciousness; as, the solidity of
arguments or reasoning; the solidity of principles, triuths, or
opinions.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: The solid contents of a body; volume; amount of inclosed space.

Syn.
 -- Firmness; solidness; hardness; density; compactness; strength;
soundness; validity; certainty.

SOLIDLY
Sol"id*ly, adv.

Defn: In a solid manner; densely; compactly; firmly; truly.

SOLIDNESS
Sol"id*ness, n.

1. State or quality of being solid; firmness; compactness; solidity,
as of material bodies.

2. Soundness; strength; truth; validity, as of arguments, reasons,
principles, and the like.

SOLIDUNGULA
Sol`id*un"gu*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. solidus solid + ungula a
hoof.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of ungulates which includes the horse, ass, and related
species, constituting the family Equidæ.

SOLIDUNGULAR
Sol`id*un"gu*lar, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Solipedous.

SOLIDUNGULATE
Sol`id*un"gu*late, n. Etym: [Solid + ungulate.] (Zool.)

Defn: Same as Soliped.

SOLIDUNGULOUS
Sol`id*un"gu*lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Solipedous.

SOLIFIDIAN
Sol`i*fid"i*an, n. Etym: [L. solus alone + fides faith.] (Eccl.)

Defn: One who maintains that faith alone, without works, is
sufficient for justification; -- opposed to nullifidian. Hammond.

SOLIFIDIAN
Sol`i*fid"i*an, a.

Defn: Holding the tenets of Solifidians; of or pertaining to the
solifidians.

SOLIFIDIANISM
Sol`i*fid"i*an*ism, n.

Defn: The state of Solifidians.

SOLIFORM
Sol"i*form, a. Etym: [L. sol sun + -form.]

Defn: Like the sun in form, appearance, or nature; resembling the
sun. [R.] "Soliform things." Cudworth.

SOLIFUGAE
So*lif"u*gæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. solifuga (better solipuga), a
kind of venomous ant, or spider.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of arachnids having large, powerful fangs and a
segmented abdomen; -- called also Solpugidea, and Solpugides.

SOLILOQUIZE
So*lil"o*quize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Soliloquized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Soliloquizing.]

Defn: To utter a soliloquy; to talk to one's self.

SOLILOQUY
So*lil"o*quy, n.; pl. Soliloquies. Etym: [L. soliloquium; solus alone
+ loqui to speak. See Sole ly, and Loquacious.]

1. The act of talking to one's self; a discourse made by one in
solitude to one's self; monologue.
Lovers are always allowed the comfort of soliloquy. Spectator.

2. A written composition, reciting what it is supposed a person says
to himself.
The whole poem is a soliloquy. Prior.

SOLIPED
Sol"i*ped, n. Etym: [Cf. F. solipède, It. solipede, Sp. solipedo;
apparently fr. L. solus alone + pes, pedis, a foot; but probably fr.
L. solidipes solid-footed, whole-hoofed. See Solid, and Pedal.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A mammal having a single hoof on each foot, as the horses and
asses; a solidungulate. [Written also solipede.]
The solipeds, or firm-hoofed animals, as horses, asses, and mules,
etc., -- they are, also, in mighty number. Sir T. Browne.

SOLIPEDOUS
So*lip"e*dous, a.

Defn: Having single hoofs.

SOLIPSISM
So*lip"sism, n. Etym: [L. solus alone + ipse self.]

1. (Ethics)

Defn: Egotism. Krauth-Fleming.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: Egoism. Krauth-Fleming.

SOLISEQUIOUS
Sol`i*se"qui*ous, a. Etym: [L. sol sun + sequi to follow.]

Defn: Following the course of the sun; as, solisequious plants. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.

SOLITAIRE
Sol`i*taire", n. Etym: [F. See Solitary.]

1. A person who lives in solitude; a recluse; a hermit. Pope.

2. A single diamond in a setting; also, sometimes, a precious stone
of any kind set alone.
Diamond solitaires blazing on his breast and wrists. Mrs. R. H.
Davis.

3. A game which one person can play alone; -- applied to many games
of cards, etc.; also, to a game played on a board with pegs or balls,
in which the object is, beginning with all the places filled except
one, to remove all but one of the pieces by "jumping," as in
draughts.

4. (Zoöl.)
(a) A large extinct bird (Pezophaps solitaria) which formerly
inhabited the islands of Mauritius and Rodrigeuz. It was larger and
taller than the wild turkey. Its wings were too small for flight.
Called also solitary.
(b) Any species of American thrushlike birds of the genus Myadestes.
They are noted their sweet songs and retiring habits. Called also
fly-catching thrush. A West Indian species (Myadestes sibilans) is
called the invisible bird.

SOLITARIAN
Sol`i*ta"ri*an, n. Etym: [See Solitary.]

Defn: A hermit; a solitary. [Obs.] Sir R. Twisden.

SOLITARIETY
Sol`i*ta*ri"e*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being solitary; solitariness. [Obs.] Cudworth.

SOLITARILY
Sol"i*ta*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a solitary manner; in solitude; alone. Mic. vii. 14.

SOLITARINESS
Sol"i*ta*ri*ness, n.

Defn: Condition of being solitary.

SOLITARY
Sol"i*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. solitarius, fr. solus alone: cf. F.
solitaire. See Sole, a., and cf. Solitaire.]

1. Living or being by one's self; having no companion present; being
without associates; single; alone; lonely.
Those rare and solitary, these in flocks. Milton.
Hie home unto my chamber, Where thou shalt find me, sad and solitary.
Shak.

2. Performed, passed, or endured alone; as, a solitary journey; a
solitary life.
Satan . . . explores his solitary flight. Milton.

3. ot much visited or frequented remote from society; retired;
lonely; as, a solitary residence or place.

4. Not inhabited or occupied; without signs of inhabitants or
occupation; desolate; deserted; silent; still; hence, gloomy; dismal;
as, the solitary desert.
How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people. Lam. i. 1.
Let that night be solitary; let no joyful voice come therein. Job
iii. 7.

5. Single; individual; sole; as, a solitary instance of vengeance; a
solitary example.

6. (Bot.)

Defn: Not associated with others of the same kind. Solitary ant
(Zoöl.), any solitary hymenopterous insect of the family Mutillidæ.
The female of these insects is destitute of wings and has a powerful
sting. The male is winged and resembles a wasp. Called also spider
ant.
 -- Solitary bee (Zoöl.), any species of bee which does not form
communities.
 -- Solitary sandpiper (Zoöl.), an American tattler (Totanus
solitarius).
 -- Solitary snipe (Zoöl.), the great snipe. [Prov. Eng.] -- Solitary
thrush (Zoöl.) the starling. [Prov. Eng.]

SOLITARY
Sol"i*ta*ry, n.

Defn: One who lives alone, or in solitude; an anchoret; a hermit; a
recluse.

SOLITUDE
Sol"i*tude, n. Etym: [F., from L. solitudo, solus alone. See Sole,
a.]

1. state of being alone, or withdrawn from society; a lonely life;
loneliness.
Whosoever is delighted with solitude is either a wild beast or a god.
Bacon.
O Solitude! where are the charms That sages have seen in thy face
Cowper.

2. Remoteness from society; destitution of company; seclusion; --
said of places; as, the solitude of a wood.
The solitude of his little parish is become matter of great comfort
to him. Law.

3. solitary or lonely place; a desert or wilderness.
In these deep solitudes and awful cells Where heavenly pensive
contemplation dwells. Pope.

Syn. Loneliness; soitariness; loneness; retiredness; recluseness.
 -- Solitude, Retirement, Seclusion, Loneliness. Retirement is a
withdrawal from general society, implying that a person has been
engaged in its scenes. Solitude describes the fact that a person is
alone; seclusion, that he is shut out from others, usually by his own
choice; loneliness, that he feels the pain and oppression of being
alone. Hence, retirement is opposed to a gay, active, or public life;
solitude, to society; seclusion, to freedom of access on the part of
others; and loneliness, enjoyment of that society which the heart
demands.
O blest retirement, friend to life's decline. Goldsmith.
Such only can enjoy the country who are capable of thinking when they
are there; then they are prepared for solitude; and in that [the
country] solitude is prepared for them. Dryden.
It is a place of seclusion from the external world. Bp. Horsley.
These evils . . . seem likely to reduce it [a city] ere long to the
loneliness and the insignificance of a village. Eustace.

SOLIVAGANT
So*liv"a*gant, a. Etym: [L. solus alone + vagans wandering.]

Defn: Wandering alone. [R.] T. Grander.

SOLIVAGOUS
So*liv"a*gous, a. Etym: [L. solivagus.]

Defn: Solivagant.

SOLLAR
Sol"lar, n.

1. See Solar, n. [Obs.]

2. (Mining)

Defn: A platform in a shaft, especially one of those between the
series of ladders in a shaft.

SOLLAR
Sol"lar, v. t.

Defn: To cover, or provide with, a sollar.

SOLLEIN
Sol"lein, a.

Defn: Sullen; sad. [Obs.] Spenser.

SOLLERET
Sol*ler*et", n. Etym: [F. soleretim. fr. OF. soler shoe.]

Defn: A flexible steel shoe (or one of the plates forming such a
shoe), worn with mediæval armor.

SOLMIZATION
Sol`mi*za"tion, n. Etym: [F. solmisation, fr. solmiser to sol-fa; --
called from the musical notes sol, mi. See Sol-fa.] (Mus.)

Defn: The act of sol-faing. [Written also solmisation.]

Note: This art was practiced by the Greeks; but six of the seven
syllables now in use are generally attributed to Guido d' Arezzo, an
Italian monk of the eleventh century, who is said to have taken them
from the first syllables of the first six lines of the following
stanza of a monkish hymn to St. John the Baptist. --
Ut queant laxis Resonare fibris Mira gestorum Famuli tuorum Solve
polluti Labii reatum, Sancte Joannes. Professor Skeat says the name
of the seventh note, si, was also formed by him [Guido] from the
initials of the two words of the last line; but this is disputed,
Littré attributing the first use of it to Anselm of Flanders long
afterwards. The syllable do is often substituted for ut.

SOLO
So"lo, n.; pl. E. Solos, It. Soli. Etym: [It., from L. solus alone.
See Sole, a.] (Mus.)

Defn: A tune, air, strain, or a whole piece, played by a single
person on an instrument, or sung by a single voice.

SOLOIST
So"lo*ist, n. (Mus.)

Defn: One who sings or plays a solo.

SOLOMON
Sol"o*mon, n.

Defn: One of the kings of Israel, noted for his superior wisdom and
magnificent reign; hence, a very wise man.
 -- Sol`o*mon"ic, a. Solomon's seal (Bot.), a perennial liliaceous
plant of the genus Polygonatum, having simple erect or curving stems
rising from thick and knotted rootstocks, and with white or greenish
nodding flowers. The commonest European species is Polygonatum
multiflorum. P. biflorum and P. giganteum are common in the Eastern
United States. See Illust. of Rootstock. False Solomon's seal (Bot.),
any plant of the liliaceous genus Smilacina having small whitish
flowers in terminal racemes or panicles.

SOLOMON'S SEAL
Sol"o*mon's seal.

Defn: A mystic symbol consisting of two interlaced triangles forming
a star with six points, often with one triangle dark and one light,
symbolic of the union of soul and body.

SOLON
So"lon, n.

Defn: A celebrated Athenian lawmaker, born about 638 b. c.; hence, a
legislator; a publicist; -- often used ironically.

SOLO WHIST
Solo whist.

Defn: A card game played with the full pack ranking as at whist, each
player declaring for which of seven different points he proposes to
play.

SOLPUGID
Sol*pu"gid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Solifugæ.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Solifugæ.

SOLPUGIDEA
Sol`pu*gid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Solifugæ.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Solifugæ.

SOLSTICE
Sol"stice, n.Etym: [L. solstitium; sol the sun + sistere to cause to
stand, akin to stare to stand: cf. F. solstice. See Solar, a., Stand,
v. i.]

1. A stopping or standing still of the sun. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. (Astron.)
(a) The point in the ecliptic at which the sun is farthest from the
equator, north or south, namely, the first point of the sign Cancer
and the first point of the sign Capricorn, the former being the
summer solstice, latter the winter solstice, in northern latitudes; -
- so called because the sun then apparently stands still in its
northward or southward motion.
(b) The time of the sun's passing the solstices, or solstitial
points, namely, about June 21 and December 21. See Illust. in
Appendix.

SOLSTITIAL
Sol*sti"tial, a. Etym: [L. solstitialis: cf. F. solsticial.]

1. Of or pertaining to a solstice.

2. Happening at a solstice; esp. (with reference to the northern
hemisphere), happening at the summer solstice, or midsummer.
"Solstitial summer's heat." Milton.

SOLUBILITY
Sol`u*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. solubilité.]

1. The quality, condition, or degree of being soluble or solvable;
as, the solubility of a salt; the solubility of a problem or
intricate difficulty.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The tendency to separate readily into parts by spurious
articulations, as the pods of tick trefoil.

SOLUBLE
Sol"u*ble, a. Etym: [L. solubilis, fr. solvere, solutum, to loosen,
to dissolve: cf. F. soluble. See Solve, and cf. Solvable.]

1. Susceptible of being dissolved in a fluid; capable of solution;
as, some substances are soluble in alcohol which are not soluble in
water.
Sugar is . . . soluble in water and fusible in fire. Arbuthnot.

2. Susceptible of being solved; as, a soluble algebraic problem;
susceptible of being disentangled, unraveled, or explained; as, the
mystery is perhaps soluble. "More soluble is this knot." Tennyson.

3. Relaxed; open or readily opened. [R.] "The bowels must be kept
soluble." Dunglison. Soluble glass. (Chem.) See under Glass.

SOLUBLENESS
Sol"u*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being soluble.

SOLUS; SOLA
So"lus, masc. a., So"la, fem. a. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Alone; -- chiefly used in stage directions, and the like.

SOLUTE
So*lute", a. Etym: [L. solutus, p.p. of solvere to loosen. See
Solve.]

1. Loose; free; liberal; as, a solute interpretation. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. Relaxed; hence; merry; cheerful. [R.]
A brow solute, and ever-laughing eye. Young.

3. Soluble; as, a solute salt. [Obs.]

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Not adhering; loose; -- opposed to adnate; as, a solute
stipule.

SOLUTE
So*lute", v. t.

1. To dissolve; to resolve. [Obs.]

2. To absolve; as, to solute sin. [Obs.] Bale.

SOLUTION
So*lu"tion, n. Etym: [OE. solucion, OF. solucion, F. solution, fr. L.
solutio, fr. solvere, solutum, to loosen, dissolve. See Solve.]

1. The act of separating the parts of any body, or the condition of
undergoing a separation of parts; disruption; breach.
In all bodies there is an appetite of union and evitation of solution
of continuity. Bacon.

2. The act of solving, or the state of being solved; the
disentanglement of any intricate problem or difficult question;
explanation; clearing up; -- used especially in mathematics, either
of the process of solving an equation or problem, or the result of
the process.

3. The state of being dissolved or disintegrated; resolution;
disintegration.
It is unquestionably an enterprise of more promise to assail the
nations in their hour of faintness and solution, than at a time when
magnificent and seductive systems of worship were at their height of
energy and splendor. I. Taylor.

4. (Chem.Phys.)

Defn: The act or process by which a body (whether solid, liquid, or
gaseous) is absorbed into a liquid, and, remaining or becoming fluid,
is diffused throughout the solvent; also, the product reulting from
such absorption.

Note: When a solvent will not take in any more of a substance the
solution is said to be saturated. Solution is two kinds; viz.: (a)
Mechanical solution, in which no marked chemical change takes place,
and in which, in the case of solids, teh dissolved body can be
regained by evaporation, as in the solution of salt or sugar in
water. (b) Chemical solution, in which there is involved a decided
chemical change, as when limestone or zinc undergoes solution in
hydrochloric acid. Mechanical solution is regarded as a form of
molecular or atomic attraction, and is probably occasioned by the
formation of certain very weak and unstable compounds which are
easily dissociated and pass into new and similar compounds.

Note: This word is not used in chemistry or mineralogy for fusion, or
the melting of bodies by the heat of fire.

5. release; deliverance; disharge. [Obs.] Barrow.

6. (Med.)
(a) The termination of a disease; resolution.
(b) A crisis.
(c) A liquid medicine or preparation (usually aqueous) in which the
solid ingredients are wholly soluble. U. S. Disp. Fehling's solution
(Chem.), a standardized solution of cupric hydrate in sodium
potassium tartrate, used as a means of determining the reducing power
of certain sugars and sirups by the amount of red cuprous oxide
thrown down.
 -- Heavy solution (Min.), a liquid of high density, as a solution of
mercuric iodide in potassium iodide (called the Sonstadt or Thoulet
solution) having a maximum specific gravity of 3.2, or of
borotungstate of cadium (Klein solution, specific gravity 3.6), and
the like. Such solutions are much used in determining the specific
gravities of minerals, and in separating them when mechanically mixed
as in a pulverized rock.
 -- Nessler's solution. See Nesslerize.
 -- Solution of continuity, the separation of connection, or of
connected substances or parts; -- applied, in surgery, to a facture,
laceration, or the like. "As in the natural body a wound, or solution
of continuity, is worse than a corrupt humor, so in the spiritual."
Bacon.
 -- Standardized solution (Chem.), a solution which is used as a
reagent, and is of a known and standard strength; specifically, a
normal solution, containing in each cubic centimeter as many
milligrams of the element in question as the number representing its
atomic weight; thus, a normal solution of silver nitrate would
contain 107.7 mgr. of silver nitrate in each cubic centimeter.

SOLUTIVE
Sol"u*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. solutif.]

Defn: Tending to dissolve; loosening; laxative. Bacon.

SOLVABILITY
Solv`a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [F. solvabilité.]

1. The quality or state of being solvable; as, the solvability of a
difficulty; the solvability of a problem.

2. The condition of being solvent; ability to pay all just debts;
solvency; as, the solvability of a merchant.

SOLVABLE
Solv"a*ble, a. Etym: [F. solvable. See Solve, and cf. Soluble,
Solvible.]

1. Susceptible of being solved, resolved, or explained; admitting of
solution.

2. Capable of being paid and discharged; as, solvable obligations.
Tooke.

3. Able to pay one's debts; solvent. [Obs.] Fuller.

SOLVABLENESS
Solv"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being solvable.

SOLVE
Solve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Solved; p. pr. & vb. n. Solving.] Etym:
[L. solvere, solutum; from a prefix so- expressing separation (cf.
Sober) + luere to loosen; cf. OF. soldre, soudre. See Loose, and cf.
Absolve.]

Defn: To explain; to resolve; to unfold; to clear up out to a result
or conclusion; as, to solve a doubt; to solve difficulties; to solve
a problem.
True piety would effectually solve such scruples. South.
God shall solve the dark decrees of fate. Tickell.

Syn.
 -- To explain; resolve; unfold; clear up.

SOLVE
Solve, n.

Defn: A solution; an explanation. [Obs.] Shak.

SOLVENCY
Sol"ven*cy, n. Etym: [See Solvent.]

Defn: The quality or state of being solvent.

SOLVEND
Sol"vend, n. Etym: [L. solvendus to be loosened or dissolved, fr.
solvere. See Solution.]

Defn: A substance to be dissolved. [R.]

SOLVENT
Sol"vent, a. Etym: [L. solvens, p.pr. of solvere. See Solvable.]

1. Having the power of dissolving; dissolving; as, a solvent fluid.
"the solvent body." Boyle.

2. Able or sufficient to pay all just debts; as, a solvent merchant;
the estate is solvent.

SOLVENT
Sol"vent, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance (usually liquid) suitable for, or employed in,
solution, or in dissolving something; as, water is the appropriate
solvent of most salts, alcohol of resins, ether of fats, and mercury
or acids of metal, etc.

2. That which resolves; as, a solvent of mystery.

SOLVER
Sol"ver, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, solves.

SOLVIBLE
Solv"i*ble, a.

Defn: See Solvable.

SOLY
Sol"y, adv.

Defn: Solely. [Obs.] Spenser.

SOMA
So"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The whole axial portion of an animal, including the head, neck,
trunk, and tail. B. G. Wilder.

SOMAJ; SAMAJ
So"maj", Sa*maj", n.

Defn: A society; a congregation; a worshiping assembly, or church,
esp. of the Brahmo-somaj. [India]

SOMALI; SOMAL
So*ma"li, So*mal", n. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A Hamitic people of East Central Africa.

SOMATIC
So*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to the body as a whole; corporeal; as, somatic
death; somatic changes.

2. Of or pertaining to the wall of the body; somatopleuric; parietal;
as, the somatic stalk of the yolk sac of an embryo. Somatic death.
See the Note under Death, n., 1.

SOMATICAL
So*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Somatic.

SOMATICS
So*mat"ics, n.

Defn: The science which treats of the general properties of matter;
somatology.

SOMATIST
So"ma*tist, n.

Defn: One who admits the existence of material beings only; a
materialist. Glanvill.

SOMATOCYST
So"ma*to*cyst, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cavity in the primary nectocalyx of certain Siphonophora. See
Illust. under Nectocalyx.

SOMATOLOGY
So`ma*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

1. The dictrine or the science of the general properties of material
substances; somatics.

2. A treatise on the human body; anatomy. Dunglison.

SOMATOME
So"ma*tome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat. & (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Somite.

SOMATOPLEURE
So"ma*to*pleure, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The outer, or parietal, one of the two lamellæ into which the
vertebrate blastoderm divides on either side of the notochord, and
from which the walls of the body and the amnion are developed. See
Splanchopleure.

SOMATOPLEURIC
So`ma*to*pleu"ric, a. (Anat.)

Defn: of or pertaining to the somatopleure.

SOMATOTROPISM
So`ma*tot"ro*pism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A directive influence exercised by a mass of matter upon
growing organs. Encyc. Brit.

SOMBER; SOMBRE
Som"ber, Som"bre, a. Etym: [F. sombre; cf. Sp. sombra, shade, prob.
from LL. subumbrare to put in the shade; L. sub under + umbra shade.
See Umbrage.]

1. Dull; dusky; somewhat dark; gloomy; as, a somber forest; a somber
house.

2. Melancholy; sad; grave; depressing; as, a somber person; somber
reflections.
The dinner was silent and somber; happily it was also short.
Beaconsfield.

SOMBER; SOMBRE
Som"ber, Som"bre, v. t.

Defn: To make somber, or dark; to make shady. [R.]

SOMBER; SOMBRE
Som"ber, Som"bre, n.

Defn: Gloom; obscurity; duskiness; somberness. [Obs.]

SOMBERLY; SOMBRELY
Som"ber*ly, Som"bre*ly, adv.

Defn: In a somber manner; sombrously; gloomily; despondingly.

SOMBERNESS; SOMBRENESS
Som"ber*ness, Som"bre*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being somber; gloominess.

SOMBRERO
Som*bre"ro, n. Etym: [Sp., from sombra shade. See Sombre.]

Defn: A kind of broad-brimmed hat, worn in Spain and in Spanish
America. Marryat.

SOMBROUS
Som"brous, a. Etym: [Cf. Sp. sombroso.]

Defn: Gloomy; somber. "Tall and sombrous pines." Longfellow.
 -- Som"brous*ly, adv.
 -- Som"brous*ness, n.

-SOME
-some (-som).

Defn: A combining form or suffix from Gr. sw^ma (gen. sw`matos) the
body; as in merosome, a body segment; cephalosome, etc.

-SOME
-some (-sûm). Etym: [AS. -sum; akin to G. & OHG. -sam, Icel. samr,
Goth. lustusams longed for. See Same, a., and cf. Some, a.]

Defn: An adjective suffix having primarily the sense of like or same,
and indicating a considerable degree of the thing or quality denoted
in the first part of the compound; as in mettlesome, full of mettle
or spirit; gladsome, full of gladness; winsome, blithesome, etc.

SOME
Some, a. Etym: [OE. som, sum, AS. sum; akin to OS., OFries., & OHG.
sum, OD. som, D. sommig, Icel. sumr, Dan. somme (pl.), Sw. somlige
(pl.), Goth. sums, and E. same. sq. root191. See Same, a., and cf. -
some.]

1. Consisting of a greater or less portion or sum; composed of a
quantity or number which is not stated; -- used to express an
indefinite quantity or number; as, some wine; some water; some
persons. Used also pronominally; as, I have some.
Some theoretical writers allege that there was a time when there was
no such thing as society. Blackstone.

2. A certain; one; -- indicating a person, thing, event, etc., as not
known individually, or designated more specifically; as, some man,
that is, some one man. "Some brighter clime." Mrs. Barbauld.
Some man praiseth his neighbor by a wicked intent. Chaucer.
Most gentlemen of property, at some period or other of their lives,
are ambitious of representing their county in Parliament. Blackstone.

3. Not much; a little; moderate; as, the censure was to some extent
just.

4. About; near; more or less; -- used commonly with numerals, but
formerly also with a singular substantive of time or distance; as, a
village of some eighty houses; some two or three persons; some hour
hence. Shak.
The number slain on the rebel's part were some two thousand. Bacon.

5. Considerable in number or quality. "Bore us some leagues to sea."
Shak.
On its outer point, some miles away. The lighthouse lifts its massive
masonry. Longfellow.

6. Certain; those of one part or portion; -- in distinct from other
or others; as, some men believe one thing, and others another.
Some [seeds] fell among thorns; . . . but other fell into good
ground. Matt. xiii. 7, 8.

7. A part; a portion; -- used pronominally, and followed sometimes by
of; as, some of our provisions.
Your edicts some reclaim from sins, But most your life and blest
example wins. Dryden.
All and some, one and all. See under All, adv. [Obs.]

Note: The illiterate in the United States and Scotland often use some
as an adverb, instead of somewhat, or an equivalent expression; as, I
am some tired; he is some better; it rains some, etc. Some . . .
some, one part . . . another part; these . . . those; -- used
distributively.
Some to the shores do fly, Some to the woods, or whither fear
advised. Daniel.

Note: Formerly used also of single persons or things: this one . . .
that one; one . . . another.
Some in his bed, some in the deep sea. Chaucer.

SOMEBODY
Some"bod*y, n.

1. A person unknown or uncertain; a person indeterminate; some
person.
Jesus said, Somebody hath touched me. Luke viii. 46.
We must draw in somebody that may stand "Twixt us and danger."
Denham.

2. A person of consideration or importance.
Before these days rose up Theudas, boasting himself to be somebody.
Acts v. 36.

SOMEDEAL
Some"deal`, adv.

Defn: In some degree; somewhat. [Written also sumdel, sumdeale, and
sumdele.] [Obs.] "She was somedeal deaf." Chaucer.
Thou lackest somedeal their delight. Spenser.

SOMEHOW
Some"how`, adv.

Defn: In one way or another; in some way not yet known or designated;
by some means; as, the thing must be done somehow; he lives somehow.
By their action upon one another they may be swelled somehow, so as
to shorten the length. Cheyne.

Note: The indefiniteness of somehow is emphasized by the addition of
or other.
Although youngest of the familly, he has somehow or other got the
entire management of all the others. Sir W. Scott.

SOMERSAULT; SOMERSET
Som"er*sault, Som"er*set, n. Etym: [F. soubresaut a jump, leap, OF.
soubresault, It. soprassalto an overleap, fr. L. supra over + saltus
a leap, fr. salire to leap; or the French may be from Sp. sobresalto
a sudden asault, a surprise. See Supra, and Salient.]

Defn: A leap in which a person turns his heels over his head and
lights upon his feet; a turning end over end. [Written also
summersault, sommerset, summerset, etc.] "The vaulter's sombersalts."
Donne.
Now I'll only Make him break his neck in doing a sommerset. Beau. &
Fl.

SOMETHING
Some"thing, n.

1. Anything unknown, undetermined, or not specifically designated; a
certain indefinite thing; an indeterminate or unknown event; an
unspecified task, work, or thing.
There is something in the wind. Shak.
The whole world has something to do, something to talk of, something
to wish for, and something to be employed about. Pope.
Something attemped, something done, Has earned a night's repose.
Longfellow.

2. A part; a portion, more or less; an indefinite quantity or degree;
a little.
Something yet of doubt remains. Milton.
Something of it arises from our infant state. I. Watts.

3. A person or thing importance.
If a man thinketh himself to be something, when he is nothing, he
deceiveth himself. Gal. vi. 3.

SOMETHING
Some"thing

Defn: , adv. In some degree; somewhat; to some exrent; at some
distance. Shak.
I something fear my father's wrath. Shak.
We have something fairer play than a reasoner could have expected
formerly. Burke.
My sense of touch is something coarse. Tennyson.
It must be done to-night, And something from the palace. Shak.

SOMETIME
Some"time`, adv.

1. At a past time indefinitely referred to; once; formerly.
Did they not sometime cry "All hail" to me Shak.

2. At a time undefined; once in a while; now and then; sometimes.
Sometime we see a cloud that's dragonish, A vapor sometime like a
bear or lion. Shak.

3. At one time or other hereafter; as, I will do it sometime.
"Sometime he reckon shall." Chaucer.

SOMETIME
Some"time`, a.

Defn: Having been formerly; former; late; whilom.
Our sometime sister, now our queen. Shak.
Ion, our sometime darling, whom we prized. Talfourd.

SOMETIMES
Some"times`, adv. Etym: [Sometime + adverbial ending -s, as in -
wards.]

1. Formerly; sometime. [Obs.]
That fair and warlike form In which the majesty of buried Denmark Did
sometimes march. Shak.

2. At times; at intervals; now and then;occasionally.
It is good that we sometimes be contradicted. Jer. Taylor.
Sometimes . . . sometimes, at certain times . . . at certain other
times; as, sometimes he is earnest, sometimes he is frivolous.

SOMETIMES
Some"times`, a.

Defn: Former; sometime. [Obs.]
Thy sometimes brother's wife. Shak.

SOMEWHAT
Some"what`, n.

1. More or less; a certain quantity or degree; a part, more or less;
something.
These salts have somewhat of a nitrous taste. Grew.
Somewhat of his good sense will suffer, in this transfusion, and much
of the beauty of his thoughts will be lost. Dryden.

2. A person or thing of importance; a somebody.
Here come those that worship me. They think that I am somewhat.
Tennyson.

SOMEWHAT
Some"what`, adv.

Defn: In some degree or measure; a little.
His giantship is gone, somewhat crestfallen. Milton.
Somewhat back from the village street. Longfellow.

SOMEWHEN
Some"when`, adv.

Defn: At some indefinite time. [R.]

SOMEWHERE
Some"where`, adv.

Defn: In some place unknown or not specified; in one place or
another. "Somewhere nigh at hand." Milton.

SOMEWHILE
Some"while`, adv.

Defn: Once; for a time.
Though, under color of shepherds, somewhile There crept in wolves,
full of fraund and guile. Spenser.

SOMEWHITHER
Some"whith`er, adv.

Defn: To some indeterminate place; to some place or other.
Driven by the winds of temptation somewhither. Barrow.

SOMITE
So"mite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.& Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the actual or ideal serial segments of which an animal,
esp. an articulate or vertebrate, is composed; somatome; metamere.
 -- So*mit`ic, a.

SOMMEIL
Som`meil", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Slumber; sleep.

SOMMERSET
Som"mer*set, n.

Defn: See Somersault.

SOMNAMBULAR
Som*nam"bu*lar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to somnambulism; somnambulistic. Mrs.
Browning.

SOMNAMBULATE
Som*nam"bu*late, v. i. & t.

Defn: To walk when

SOMNAMBULATION
Som*nam`bu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. somnus sleep + ambulatio a walking
about, from ambulare to walk. See Somnolent, Amble.]

Defn: The act of walking in sleep.

SOMNAMBULATOR
Som*nam"bu*la`tor, n.

Defn: A somnambulist.

SOMNAMBULE
Som*nam"bule, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A somnambulist.

SOMNAMBULIC
Som*nam"bu*lic, a.

Defn: Somnambulistic.

SOMNAMBULISM
Som*nam"bu*lism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. somnambulisme. See Somnambulation.]

Defn: A condition of the nervous system in which an individual during
sleep performs actions approppriate to the waking state; a state of
sleep in which some of the senses and voluntary powers are partially
awake; noctambulism.

SOMNAMBULIST
Som*nam"bu*list, n.

Defn: A person who is subject to somnambulism; one who walks in his
sleep; a sleepwalker; a noctambulist.

SOMNAMBULISTIC
Som*nam`bu*lis"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a somnambulist or somnambulism; affected by
somnambulism; appropriate to the state of a somnambulist.
Whether this was an intentional and waking departure, or a
somnambulistic leave-taking and waking in her sleep, may remain a
subject of contention. Dickens.

SOMNE
Som"ne, v. t.

Defn: To summon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOMNER
Som"ner, n.

Defn: A summoner; esp., one who summons to an ecclesiastical court.
[Obs.] Piers Plowman.

SOMNIAL
Som"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. spmnialis dream bringing, fr. somnium dream,
fr. somnus sleep.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to sleep or dreams.
The somnial magic superinducted on, without suspending, the active
powers of the mind. Coleridge.

SOMNIATIVE
Som"ni*a*tive, a.

Defn: Somnial; somniatory. [R.]

SOMNIATORY
Som"ni*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to sleep or dreams; somnial. [Obs. or R.] Urquhart.

SOMNICULOUS
Som*nic"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. somniculosus.]

Defn: Inclined to sleep; drowsy; sleepy. [Obs.]

SOMNIFEROUS
Som*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. somnifer; somnus sleep + ferre to
bring.]

Defn: Causing or inducing sleep; soporific; dormitive; as, a
somniferous potion. Walton.

SOMNIFIC
Som*nif"ic, a. Etym: [L. somnificus; somnus sleep + facere to make.]

Defn: Causing sleep; somniferous.

SOMNIFUGOUS
Som*nif"u*gous, a. Etym: [L. somnus sleep + fugare to put to flight.]

Defn: Driving away sleep. [Obs.]

SOMNILOQUENCE
Som*nil"o*quence, n.

Defn: The act of talking in one's sleep; somniloquism.

SOMNILOQUISM
Som*nil"o*quism, n.

Defn: The act or habit of talking in one's sleep; somniloquy.
Coleridge.

SOMNILOQUIST
Som*nil"o*quist, n.

Defn: One who talks in his sleep.

SOMNILOQUOUS
Som*nil"o*quous, a. Etym: [L. somnus sleep + loqui to speak.]

Defn: Apt to talk in sleep.

SOMNILOQUY
Som*nil"o*quy, n.

Defn: A talking in sleep; the talking of one in a state of
somnipathy. [R.] Coleridge.

SOMNIPATHIST
Som*nip"a*thist, n.

Defn: A person in a state of somniapathy.

SOMNIPATHY
Som*nip"a*thy, n. Etym: [L. somnus sleep + Gr.

Defn: Sleep from sympathy, or produced by mesmerism or the like.
[Written also somnopathy.]

SOMNOLENCE; SOMNOLENCY
Som"no*lence, Som"no*len*cy, n. Etym: [L. somnolentia: cf. F.
somnolence.]

Defn: Sleepiness; drowsiness; inclination to sleep.

SOMNOLENT
Som"no*lent, a. Etym: [F. somnolent, L. somnolentus, from somnus
sleep, akin to Gr. svapna sleep, dream, svap to sleep, Icel. sofa,
AS. swefn sleep. Cf. Hypnotic, Somnambulism, Soporific.]

Defn: Sleepy; drowsy; inclined to sleep.
 -- Som"no*lent*ly, adv.
He had no eye for such phenomens, because he had a somnolent want of
interest in them. De Quincey.

SOMNOLISM
Som"no*lism, n.

Defn: The somnolent state induced by animal magnetism. Thomas (Med.
Dict.).

SOMNOPATHY
Som*nop"a*thy, n.

Defn: Somnipathy.

SOMNOUR
Som"nour, n.

Defn: A summoner; an apparitor; a sompnour. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

SOMONAUNCE; SOMONCE
Som"on*aunce, Som"once, n. Etym: [See Summon, Summons.]

Defn: A summons; a citation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOMONOUR
Som"on*our, n.

Defn: A summoner. [Obs.]

SOMPNE
Somp"ne ( or ), v. t.

Defn: To summon; to cite. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOMPNOUR
Somp"nour, n.

Defn: A summoner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SON
Son, n. Etym: [OE. sone, sune, AS. sunu; akin to D. zoon, OS.,
OFries., & OHG. sunu, G. sohn, Icel. sonr, Sw. son, Dan. sön, Goth.
sunus, Lith. sunus, Russ. suin', Skr. sunu (from su to beget, to
bear), and Gr. Sow, n.]

1. A male child; the male issue, or offspring, of a parent, father or
mother.
Sarah conceived, and bare Abraham a son. Gen. xxi. 2.

2. A male descendant, however distant; hence, in the plural,
descendants in general.
I am the son of the wise, the son of ancient kings. Isa. xix. 11.
I am the Lord, I change not; therefore ye sons of Jacob are not
consumed. Mal. iii. 6.

3. Any young male person spoken of as a child; an adopted male child;
a pupil, ward, or any other male dependent.
The child grew, and she brought him unto Pharaoh's daughter, and he
became her son. Ex. ii. 10.
Be plain, good son, and homely in thy drift. Shak.

4. A native or inhabitant of some specified place; as, sons of
Albion; sons of New England.

5. The produce of anything.
Earth's tall sons, the cedar, oak, and pine. Blackmore.

6. (Commonly with the def. article)

Defn: Jesus Christ, the Savior; -- called the Son of God, and the Son
of man.
We . . . do testify that the Father sent the Son to be the Savior of
the world. 1 John iv. 14.
Who gave His Son sure all has given. Keble.

Note: The expressions son of pride, sons of light, son of Belial, are
Hebraisms, which denote persons possessing the qualitites of pride,
of light, or of Belial, as children inherit the qualities of their
ancestors. Sons of the prophets. See School of the prophets, under
Prophet.

SONANCE
So"nance, n.

1. A sound; a tune; as, to sound the tucket sonance. [Obs.] Shak.

2. The quality or state of being sonant.

SONANT
So"nant, a. Etym: [L. sonans, -antis, p.pr. of sonare to sound. See
Sound a noise.]

1. Of or pertaining to sound; sounding.

2. (Phonetics)

Defn: Uttered, as an element of speech, with tone or proper vocal
sound, as distinguished from mere breath sound; intonated; voiced;
tonic; the opposite of nonvocal, or surd; -- sid of the vowels,
semivowels, liquids, and nasals, and particularly of the consonants
b, d, g hard, v, etc., as compared with their cognates p, t, k, f,
etc., which are called nonvocal, surd, or aspirate.
 -- n.

Defn: A sonant letter.

SONATA
So*na"ta, n. Etym: [It., fr. It. & L. sonare to sound. See Sound a
noise.] (Mus.)

Defn: An extended composition for one or two instruments, consisting
usually of three or four movements; as, Beethoven's sonatas for the
piano, for the violin and piano, etc.

Note: The same general structure prevails in symphonies, instrumental
trios, quartets, etc., and even in classical concertos. The sonata
form, distinctively, characterizes the quick opening movement, which
may have a short, slow introduction; the second, or slow, movement is
either in the song or variation form; third comes the playful minuet
of the more modern scherzo; then the quick finale in the rondo form.
But both form and order are sometimes exceptional.

SONATINA
So`na*ti"na, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A short and simple sonata.

SONCY; SONSY
Son"cy, Son"sy, a. Etym: [Scot. sonce, sons, prosperity, happiness,
fr. Gael. & Ir. sonas.]

Defn: Lucky; fortunate; thriving; plump. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

SOND; SONDE
Sond, Sonde, n. Etym: [AS. sand. See Send, v. t.]

Defn: That which is sent; a message or messenger; hence, also, a
visitation of providence; an affliction or trial. [Obs.]
Ye have enough, parde, of Goddes sond. Chaucer.

SONDELI
Son"de*li, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The musk shrew. See under Musk.

SONDERCLASS
Son"der*class`, n. [G. sonderklasse special class.] (Yachting)

Defn: A special class of small yachts developed in Germany under the
patronage of Emperor William and Prince Henry of Prussia, and so
called because these yachts do not conform to the restrictions for
the regular classes established by the rules of the International
Yacht Racing Union. In yachts of the sonderclass, as prescribed for
the season of 1911, the  aggregate of the length on water line,
extreme beam, and extreme draft must be not more than 32 feet; the
weight, not less than 4,035 pounds (without crew); the sail area, not
more than 550 square yards; and the cost of construction (for
American boats) not more than $2400. The crew must be amateurs and
citizens of the country in which the yacht was built.

SONG
Song, n. Etym: [AS. song, sang, fr. singan to sing; akin to D. zang,
G. sang, Icel. söngr, Goeth. sagws. See Sing.]

1. That which is sung or uttered with musical modulations of the
voice, whether of a human being or of a bird, insect, etc. "That most
ethereal of all sounds, the song of crickets." Hawthorne.

2. A lyrical poem adapted to vocal music; a ballad.

3. More generally, any poetical strain; a poem.
The bard that first adorned our native tongue Tuned to his British
lyre this ancient song. Dryden.

4. Poetical composition; poetry; verse.
This subject for heroic song. Milton.

5. An object of derision; a laughingstock.
And now am I their song. yea, I am their byword. Job xxx. 9.

6. A trifle. "The soldier's pay is a song." Silliman. Old song, a
trifle; nothing of value. "I do not intend to be thus put off with an
old song." Dr. H. More.
 -- Song bird (Zoöl.), any singing bird; one of the Oscines.
 -- Song sparrow (Zoöl.), a very common North American sparrow
(Melospiza fasciata, or M. melodia) noted for the sweetness of its
song in early spring. Its breast is covered with dusky brown streaks
which form a blotch in the center.
 -- Song thrush (Zoöl.), a common European thrush (Turdus musicus),
noted for its melodius song; -- called also mavis, throsite, and
thrasher.

Syn.
 -- Sonnet; ballad; canticle; carol; canzonet; ditty; hymn; descant;
lay; strain; poesy; verse.

SONGCRAFT
Song"craft`, n.

Defn: The art of making songs or verse; metrical composition;
versification.
A half-effected inscription. Written with little skill of songcraft.
Longfellow.

SONGFUL
Song"ful, a.

Defn: Disposed to sing; full of song.

SONGISH
Song"ish, a.

Defn: Consisting of songs. [R.] Dryden.

SONGLESS
Song"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of the power of song; without song; as, songless
birds; songless woods.

SONGSTER
Song"ster, n. Etym: [AS. sangestre a female singer.]

1. One who sings; one skilled in singing; -- not often applied to
human beings.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A singing bird.

SONGSTRESS
Song"stress, n. Etym: [See Songster, and -ess.]

Defn: A woman who sings; a female singing bird. Thomson.

SONIFER
Son"i*fer, n. Etym: [NL. See Soniferous.]

Defn: A kind of ear trumpet for the deaf, or the partially deaf.

SONIFEROUS
So*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. sonus sound + -ferous.]

Defn: Sounding; producing sound; conveying sound.

SONIFICATION
Son`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. sonus sound + -ficare (in comp.) to
make. See -fy.]

Defn: The act of producing sound, as the stridulation of insects.

SON-IN-LAW
Son"-in-law`, n.; pl. Sons-in-law (.

Defn: The husband of one's daughter; a man in his relationship to his
wife's parents.
To take me as for thy son in lawe. Chaucer.

SONLESS
Son"less, a.

Defn: Being without a son. Marston.
As no baron who was sonless could give a husband to his daughter,
save with his lord's consent. J. R. Green.

SONNET
Son"net, n. Etym: [F., fr. It. sonetto, fr. suono a sound, a song,
fr. L. sonus a sound. See Sound noise.]

1. A short poem, -- usually amatory. [Obs.] Shak.
He had a wonderful desire to chant a sonnet or hymn unto Apollo
Pythius. Holland.

2. A poem of fourteen lines, -- two stanzas, called the octave, being
of four verses each, and two stanzas, called the sestet, of three
verses each, the rhymes being adjusted by a particular rule.

Note: In the proper sonnet each line has five accents, and the octave
has but two rhymes, the second, third, sixth, and seventh lines being
of one thyme, and the first, fourth, fifth, and eighth being of
another. In the sestet there are sometimes two and sometimes three
rhymes; but in some way its two stazas rhyme together. Often the
three lines of the first stanza rhyme severally with the three lines
of the second. In Shakespeare's sonnets, the first twelve lines
rhymed alternately, and the last two rhyme together.

SONNET
Son"net, v. i.

Defn: To compose sonnets. "Strains that come almost to sonneting."
Milton.

SONNETEER
Son`net*eer", n.

Defn: A composer of sonnets, or small poems; a small poet; -- usually
in contempt.
What woful stuff this madrigal would be In some starved hackney
sonneteer or me! Pope.

SONNETEER
Son`net*eer", v. i.

Defn: To compose sonnets. Lowell.

SONNETER
Son"net*er, n.

Defn: A composer of sonnets.

SONNETIST
Son"net*ist, n.

Defn: A sonneter, or sonneteer. Bp. Hall.

SONNETIZE
Son"net*ize, v. i.

Defn: To compose sonnets.

SONNISH
Son"nish, a.

Defn: Like the sun; sunny; golden. [Obs.] "Her sonnish hairs."
Chaucer.

SONNITE
Son"nite, n.

Defn: See Sunnite.

SONOMETER
So*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. sonus a sound + -meter.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for exhibiting the transverse vibrations of
cords, and ascertaining the relations between musical notes. It
consists of a cord stretched by weight along a box, and divided into
different lengths at pleasure by a bridge, the place of which is
determined by a scale on the face of the box.

2. An instrument for testing the hearing capacity.

SONORAN
So*no"ran, a. (Biogeography)

Defn: Pertaining to or designating the arid division of the Austral
zone, including the warmer parts of the western United States and
central Mexico. It is divided into the Upper Sonoran, which lies next
to the Transition zone, and the Lower Sonoran, next to the Tropical.

SONORIFIC
Son`o*rif"ic, a. Etym: [L. sonor, -oris, a sound + facere to make.
See Sonorous.]

Defn: Producing sound; as, the sonorific quality of a body. [R.] I.
Watts.

SONORITY
So*nor"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. sonoritas.]

Defn: The quality or state of being sonorous; sonorousness.

SONOROUS
So*no"rous, a. Etym: [L. sonorus, fr. sonor, -oris, a sound, akin to
sonus a sound. See Sound.]

1. Giving sound when struck; resonant; as, sonorous metals.

2. Loud-sounding; giving a clear or loud sound; as, a sonorous voice.

3. Yielding sound; characterized by sound; vocal; sonant; as, the
vowels are sonorous.

4. Impressive in sound; high-sounding.
The Italian opera, amidst all the meanness and familiarty of the
thoughts, has something beautiful and sonorous in the expression.
Addison.
There is nothing of the artificial Johnsonian balance in his style.
It is as often marked by a pregnant brevity as by a sonorous
amplitude. E. Everett.

5. (Med.)

Defn: Sonant; vibrant; hence, of sounds produced in a cavity, deep-
toned; as, sonorous rhonchi. Sonorous figures (Physics), figures
formed by the vibrations of a substance capable of emitting a musical
tone, as when the bow of a violin is drawn along the edge of a piece
of glass or metal on which sand is strewed, and the sand arranges
itself in figures according to the musical tone. Called also acoustic
figures.
 -- Sonorous tumor (Med.), a tumor which emits a clear, resonant
sound on percussion.
 -- So*no"rous*ly, adv.
 -- So*no"rous*ness, n.

SONSHIP
Son"ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a son, or of bearing the relation of a son;
filiation. Dr. H. More.

SONSY
Son"sy, a.

Defn: See Soncy. [Scot.] Burns.

SONTAG
Son"tag, n. Etym: [So called from from Mme. Henriette Sontag, a
famous singer.]

Defn: A knitted worsted jacket, worn over the waist of a woman's
dress.

SONTIES
Son"ties, n.

Defn: Probably from "saintes" saints, or from sanctities; -- used as
an oath. [Obs.] Shak.

SOOCHONG
Soo*chong", n.

Defn: Same as Souchong.

SOODRA
Soo"dra.

Defn: Same as Sudra.

SOOFEE; SOOFEEISM
Soo"fee, Soo"fee*ism.

Defn: Same as Sufi, Sufism.

SOOJEE
Soo"jee, n.

Defn: Same as Suji.

SOON
Soon, adv. Etym: [OE. sone, AS. s; cf. OFries. s, OS. sana, sano,
OHG. sar, Goth. suns.]

1. In a short time; shortly after any time specified or supposed; as,
soon after sunrise. "Sooner said than done." Old Proverb. "As soon as
it might be." Chaucer.
She finished, and the subtle fiend his lore Soon learned. Milton.

2. Without the usual delay; before any time supposed; early.
How is it that ye are come so soon to-day Ex. ii. 18.

3. Promptly; quickly; easily.
Small lights are soon blown out, huge fires abide. Shak.

4. Readily; willingly; -- in this sense used with would, or some
other word expressing will.
I would as soon see a river winding through woods or in meadows, as
when it is tossed up in so many whimsical figures at Versailles.
Addison.
As soon as, or So soon as, imediately at or after another event. "As
soon as he came nigh unto the camp . . . he saw the calf, and the
dancing." Ex. xxxii. 19. See So . . . as, under So.
 -- Soon at, as soon as; or, as soon as the time referred to arrives.
[Obs.] "I shall be sent for soon at night." Shak.
 -- Sooner or later, at some uncertain time in the future; as, he
will discover his mistake sooner or later.
 -- With the soonest, as soon as any; among the earliest; too soon.
[Obs.] Holland.

SOON
Soon, a.

Defn: Speedy; quick. [Obs.] Shak.

SOONEE
Soo"nee, n.

Defn: See Sunnite.

SOONER
Soon"er, n.

Defn: In the western United States, one who settles on government
land before it is legally open to settlement in order to gain the
prior claim that the law gives to the first settler when the land is
opened to settlement; hence, any one who does a thing prematurely or
anticipates another in acting in order to gain an unfair advantage.

SOONER STATE
Sooner State.

Defn: Oklahoma; -- a nickname.

SOONLY
Soon"ly, adv.

Defn: Soon. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

SOORD
Soord, n.

Defn: Skin of bacon. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

SOORMA
Soor"ma, n. Etym: [Hind. & Per. surma.]

Defn: A preparation of antimony with which Mohammedan men anoint
their eyelids.

SOOSHONG
Soo*shong", n.

Defn: See Souchong.

SOOSOO
Soo"soo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of dolphin (Platanista Gangeticus) native of the river
Ganges; the Gangetic dolphin. It has a long, slender, somewhat
spatulate beak. [Written also susu.]

SOOT
Soot ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [OE. sot, AS. s; akin to Icel. s, Sw. sot,
Dan. sod, OD. soet, Lith. s; cf. Gael. suith, Ir. suth.]

Defn: A black substance formed by combustion, or disengaged from fuel
in the process of combustion, which rises in fine particles, and
adheres to the sides of the chimney or pipe conveying the smoke;
strictly, the fine powder, consisting chiefly of carbon, which colors
smoke, and which is the result of imperfect combustion. See Smoke.

SOOT
Soot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sooted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sooting.]

Defn: To cover or dress with soot; to smut with, or as with, soot;
as, to soot land. Mortimer.

SOOT; SOOTE
Soot, Soot"e, a. Etym: [See Sweet.]

Defn: Sweet. [Obs.] "The soote savour of the vine." Chaucer.

SOOTERKIN
Soot"er*kin, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. G. suttern to boil gently.]

Defn: A kind of false birth, fabled to be produced by Dutch women
from sitting over their stoves; also, an abortion, in a figurative
sense; an abortive scheme.
Fruits of dull heat, and sooterkins of wit. Pope.

SOOTH
Sooth, a.; also adv. [Compar. Soother; superl. Soothest.] Etym: [OE.
soth, AS. s, for san; akin to OS. s, OHG. sand, Icel. sannr, Sw.
sann, Dan. sand, Skr. sat, sant, real, genuine, present, being;
properly p. pr. from a root meaning, to be, Skr. as, L. esse; also
akin to Goth. sunjis true, Gr. satya. Absent, Am, Essence, Is,
Soothe, Sutee.]

1. True; faithful; trustworthy. [Obs. or Scot.]
The sentence [meaning] of it sooth is, out of doubt. Chaucer.
That shall I sooth (said he) to you declare. Spensser.

2. Pleasing; delightful; sweet. [R.]
The soothest shepherd that ever piped on plains. Milton.
With jellies soother than the creamy curd. Keats.

SOOTH
Sooth, n. Etym: [AS. s. See Sooth, a.]

1. Truth; reality. [Archaic]
The sooth it this, the cut fell to the knight. Chaucer.
In sooth, I know not why I am so sad. Shak.
In good sooth, Its mystery is love, its meaninng youth. Longfellow.

2. Augury; prognostication. [Obs.]
The soothe of birds by beating of their wings. Spenser.

3. Blandishment; cajolery. [Obs.] Shak.

SOOTHE
Soothe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soothed; p. pr. & vb. n. Soothing.] Etym:
[Originally, to assent to as true; OE. so to verify, AS. ges to prove
the truth of, to bear witness. See Sooth, a.]

1. To assent to as true. [Obs.] Testament of Love.

2. To assent to; to comply with; to gratify; to humor by compliance;
to please with blandishments or soft words; to flatter.
Good, my lord, soothe him, let him take the fellow. Shak.
I've tried the force of every reason on him, Soothed and caressed,
been angry, soothed again. Addison.

3. To assuage; to mollify; to calm; to comfort; as, to soothe a
crying child; to soothe one's sorrows.
Music hath charms to soothe the savage breast, To soften rocks, or
bend a knotted oak. Congreve.
Though the sound of Fame May for a moment soothe, it can not slake
The fever of vain longing. Byron.

Syn.
 -- To soften; assuage; allay; compose; mollify; tranquilize; pacify;
mitigate.

SOOTHER
Sooth"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, soothes.

SOOTHFAST
Sooth"fast`, a. Etym: [Sooth + fast, that is, fast or firm with
respect to truth.]

Defn: Firmly fixed in, or founded upon, the thruth; true; genuine;
real; also, truthful; faithful. [Archaic] -- Sooth"fast`ness, n.
[Archaic] "In very soothfastness." Chaucer.
Why do not you . . . bear leal and soothfast evidence in her behalf,
as ye may with a clear conscience! Sir W. Scott.

SOOTHFAST
Sooth"fast`, adv.

Defn: Soothly; really; in fact. [Archaic]
I care not if the pomps you show Be what they soothfast appear.
Emerson.

SOOTHING
Sooth"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Soothe, v.

SOOTHINGLY
Sooth"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a soothing manner.

SOOTHLY
Sooth"ly, adv.

Defn: In truth; truly; really; verily. [Obs.] "Soothly for to say."
Chaucer.

SOOTHNESS
Sooth"ness, n.

Defn: Truth; reality. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOOTHSAY
Sooth"say`, v. i. Etym: [Sooth + say; properly to say truth, tell the
truth.]

Defn: To foretell; to predict. "You can not soothsay." Shak. "Old
soothsaying Glaucus' spell." Milton.

SOOTHSAY
Sooth"say`, n.

1. A true saying; a proverb; a prophecy. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Omen; portent. Having
God turn the same to good soothsay. Spenser.

SOOTHSAYER
Sooth"say`er, n.

1. One who foretells events by the art of soothsaying; a
prognosticator.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mantis.

SOOTHSAYING
Sooth"say`ing, n.

1. A true saying; truth. [Obs.]

2. The act of one who soothsays; the foretelling of events; the art
or practice of making predictions.
A damsel, possessed with a spirit of divination . . . which brought
her masters much gain by soothsaying. Acts xvi. 16.

3. A prediction; a prophecy; a prognostication.
Divinations and soothsayings and dreams are vain. Eclus. xxxiv. 5.

SOOTINESS
Soot"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sooty; fuliginousness. Johnson.

SOOTISH
Soot"ish, a.

Defn: Sooty. Sir T. Browne.

SOOTY
Soot"y, a. [Compar Sootier; superl. Sootiest.] Etym: [AS. s. See
Soot.]

1. Of or pertaining to soot; producing soot; soiled by soot. "Fire of
sooty coal." Milton.

2. Having a dark brown or black color like soot; fuliginous; dusky;
dark. "The grisly legions that troop under the sooty flag of
Acheron." Milton. Sooty albatross (Zoöl.), an albatross (Phoebetria
fuliginosa) found chiefly in the Pacific Ocean; -- called also
nellie.
 -- Sooty tern (Zoöl.), a tern (Sterna fuliginosa) found chiefly in
tropical seas.

SOOTY
Soot"y, v. t.

Defn: To black or foul with soot. [R.]
Sootied with noisome smoke. Chapman.

SOP
Sop, n. Etym: [OE. sop, soppe; akin to AS. s to sup, to sip, to
drink, D. sop sop, G. suppe soup, Icel. soppa sop. See Sup, v. t.,
and cf. Soup.]

1. Anything steeped, or dipped and softened, in any liquid;
especially, something dipped in broth or liquid food, and intended to
be eaten.
He it is to whom I shall give a sop, when I have dipped it. John
xiii. 26.
Sops in wine, quantity, inebriate more than wine itself. Bacon.
The bounded waters Should lift their bosoms higher than the shores,
And make a sop of all this solid globe. Shak.

2. Anything given to pacify; -- so called from the sop given to
Cerberus, as related in mythology.
All nature is cured with a sop. L'Estrange.

3. A thing of little or no value. [Obs.] P. Plowman. Sops in wine
(Bot.), an old name of the clove pink, alluding to its having been
used to flavor wine.
Garlands of roses and sops in wine. Spenser.
-- Sops of wine (Bot.), an old European variety of apple, of a yellow
and red color, shading to deep red; -- called also sopsavine, and red
shropsavine.

SOP
Sop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sopped; p. pr. & vb. n. Sopping.]

Defn: To steep or dip in any liquid.

SOPE
Sope, n.

Defn: See Soap. [Obs.]

SOPH
Soph, n. (Eng. Univ.)

Defn: A contraction of Soph ister. [Colloq.]

SOPH
Soph, n. (Amer. Colleges)

Defn: A contraction of Sophomore. [Colloq.]

SOPHI
So"phi, n.; pl. Sophis (.

Defn: See Sufi.

SOPHIC; SOPHICAL
Soph"ic, Soph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Teaching wisdom. [Obs.] S. Harris.

SOPHIME
So*phime" ( or ), n. Etym: [OF. soffime, sophisme.]

Defn: Sophism. [Obs.]
I trow ye study aboute some sophime. Chaucer.

SOPHISM
Soph"ism, n. Etym: [F. sophisme, L. sophisma, fr. Gr.

Defn: The doctrine or mode of reasoning practiced by a sophist;
hence, any fallacy designed to deceive.
When a false argument puts on the appearance of a true one, then it
is properly called a sophism, or "fallacy". I. Watts.
Let us first rid ourselves of sophisms, those of depraved men, and
those of heartless philosophers. I. Taylor.

SOPHIST
Soph"ist, n. Etym: [F. sophiste, L. sophistes, fr. Gr. Sophism.]

1. One of a class of men who taught eloquence, philosophy, and
politics in ancient Greece; especially, one of those who, by their
fallacious but plausible reasoning, puzzled inquirers after truth,
weakened the faith of the people, and drew upon themselves general
hatred and contempt.
Many of the Sophists doubdtless card not for truth or morality, and
merely professed to teach how to make the worse appear the better
reason; but there scems no reason to hold that they were a special
class, teaching special opinions; even Socrates and Plato were
sometimes styled Sophists. Liddell & Scott.

2. Hence, an impostor in argument; a captious or fallacious reasoner.

SOPHISTER
Soph"ist*er, n.

1. A sophist. See Sophist. [Obs.] Hooker.

2. (Eng. Univ.)

Defn: A student who is advanced beyond the first year of his
residence.

Note: The entire course at the university consists of three years and
one term, during which the students have the titles of first-year
men, or freshmen; second-year men or junior sophs or sophisters;
third-year men, or senior sophs or sophisters; and, in the last term,
questionists, with reference to the approaching examination. In the
older American colleges, the junior and senior classes were
originally called, and in some of them are still called, junior
sophisters and senior sophisters.

SOPHISTER
Soph"ist*er, v. t.

Defn: To maintain by sophistry, or by a fallacious argument. [Obs.]
obham.

SOPHISTIC; SOPHISTICAL
So*phis"tic, So*phis"tic*al, a. Etym: [L. sophisticus, Gr.
sophistique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a sophist; embodying sophistry;
fallaciously subtile; not sound.
His argument . . . is altogether sophistical. Macaulay.
-- So*phis"tic*al*ly, adv.
 -- So*phis"tic*al*ness, n.

SOPHISTICATE
So*phis"ti*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sophisticated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sophisticating.] Etym: [LL. sophisticatus, p.p. of sophisticare to
sophisticate.]

Defn: To render worthless by admixture; to adulterate; to damage; to
pervert; as, to sophisticate wine. Howell.
To sophisticate the understanding. Southey.
Yet Butler professes to stick to plain facts, not to sophisticate,
not to refine. M. Arnold.
They purchase but sophisticated ware. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To adulterate; debase; corrupt; vitiate.

SOPHISTICATE; SOPHISTICATED
So*phis"ti*cate, So*phis"ti*ca`ted, a.

Defn: Adulterated; not pure; not genuine.
So truth, while only one supplied the state, Grew scare and dear, and
yet sophisticate. Dryden.

SOPHISTICATION
So*phis`ti*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. sophisticatio, F.
sophistication.]

Defn: The act of sophisticating; adulteration; as, the sophistication
of drugs. Boyle.

SOPHISTICATOR
So*phis"ti*ca`tor, n.

Defn: One who sophisticates.

SOPHISTRY
Soph"ist*ry, n. Etym: [OE. sophistrie, OF. sophisterie.]

1. The art or process of reasoning; logic. [Obs.]

2. The practice of a sophist; fallacious reasoning; reasoning sound
in appearance only.
The juggle of sophistry consists, for the most part, in usig a word
in one sense in the premise, and in another sense in the conclusion.
Coleridge.

Syn.
 -- See Fallacy.

SOPHOMORE
Soph"o*more, n. Etym: [Probably fr. soph or sophister + Gr. Soph-Mor
as "the next distinctive appellation to Freshman," but the term has
now almost ceased to be known at the English university from whence
it came.]

Defn: One belonging to the second of the four classes in an American
college, or one next above a freshman. [Formerly written also
sophimore.]

SOPHOMORIC; SOPHOMORICAL
Soph`o*mor"ic, Soph`o*mor"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a sophomore; resembling a sophomore; hence,
pretentious; inflated in style or manner; as, sophomoric affectation.
[U. S.]

SOPHORA
So*pho"ra, n. Etym: [Ar. .] (Bot.)
(a) A genus of leguminous plants.
(b) A tree (Sophora Japonica) of Eastern Asia, resembling the common
locust; occasionally planted in the United States.

SOPHTA
Soph"ta, n.

Defn: See Softa.

SOPITE
So"pite, v. t. Etym: [L. sopitus, p.p. of sopire to put to sleep;
akin to sopor a sleeping draught, a heavy sleep.]

Defn: To lay asleep; to put to sleep; to quiet. [Obs.]
The king's declaration for the sopiting of all Arminian heresies.
Fuller.

SOPITION
So*pi"tion, n.

Defn: The act of putting to sleep, or the state of being put to
sleep; sleep. [Obs.]
Dementation and sopition of reason. Sir T. Browne.

SOPOR
So"por, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: Profound sleep from which a person can be roused only with
difficulty.

SOPORATE
Sop"o*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. soporatus, p.p. or soporare to put to
sleep, fr. sopor a heavy sleep.]

Defn: To lay or put to sleep; to stupefy. [Obs.] Cudworth.

SOPORIFEROUS
Sop`o*rif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. soparifer; sopor a heavy sleep +
ferere to bring.]

Defn: Causing sleep; somniferous; soporific. "Soporiferous medicine."
Swift. --- Sop`o*rif"er*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Sop`o*rif"er*ous*ness, n.

SOPORIFIC
Sop`o*rif"ic, a. Etym: [L. sopor a heavy sleep (akin to somnus sleep)
+ facere to make. See Somnolent, Fact.]

Defn: Causing sleep; tending to cause sleep; soporiferous; as, the
soporific virtues of opium.

Syn.
 -- Somniferous; narcotic; opiate; anodyne.

SOPORIFIC
Sop`o*rif"ic, n.

Defn: A medicine, drug, plant, or other agent that has the quality of
inducing sleep; a narcotic.

SOPOROSE; SOPOROUS
Sop"o*rose`, Sop"o*rous, a. Etym: [From Sopor; cf. L. soporus, fr.
sopor a heavy sleep; F. soporeux.]

Defn: Causing sleep; sleepy.

SOPPER
Sop"per, n.

Defn: One who sops. Johnson.

SOPPING
sopping

Defn: more recent version of soppy. Used esp. in phrase sopping wet.

SOPPY
Sop"py, a.

Defn: Soaked or saturated with liquid or moisture; very wet or
sloppy.
It [Yarmouth] looked rather spongy and soppy. Dickens.

SOPRA
So"pra, adv. Etym: [It., from L. supra above.] (Mus.)

Defn: Above; before; over; upon.

SOPRANIST
So*pra"nist, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A treble singer.

SOPRANO
So*pra"no, n.; pl. E. Sopranos, It. Soprani. Etym: [It., fr. soprano
superior, highest, fr. sopra above, L. supra. See Sovereign.] (Mus.)
(a) The treble; the highest vocal register; the highest kind of
female or boy's voice; the upper part in harmony for mixed voices.
(b) A singer, commonly a woman, with a treble voice.

SOPSAVINE
Sops"a*vine, n.

Defn: See Sops of wine, under Sop.

SORA
So"ra, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A North American rail (Porzana Carolina) common in the Eastern
United States. Its back is golden brown, varied with black and white,
the front of the head and throat black, the breast and sides of the
head and neck slate-colored. Called also American rail, Carolina
rail, Carolina crake, common rail, sora rail, soree, meadow chicken,
and orto. King sora, the Florida gallinule.

SORANCE
Sor"ance ( or ), n.

Defn: Soreness. [Obs.]

SORB
Sorb, n.Etym: [L. sorbus the tree, sorbum the fruit; cf. F. sorbe.
See Service tree.] (Bot.)
(a) The wild service tree (Pyrus torminalis) of Europe; also, the
rowan tree.
(b) The fruit of these trees. Sorb apple, the fruit of the sorb, or
wild service tree.
 -- Sorb tree, the wild service tree.

SORBATE
Sor"bate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sorbate. See Sorbic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sorbic acid.

SORBEFACIENT
Sor`be*fa"cient, a. Etym: [L. sorbere to suck in, absorb + faciens,
p.pr. of facere to make.] (Med.)

Defn: Producing absorption.
 -- n.

Defn: A medicine or substance which produces absorption.

SORBENT
Sorb"ent, n. Etym: [L. sorbens, p.pr. of sorbere to suck in, to
absorb.]

Defn: An absorbent. [R.]

SORBET
Sor"bet, n. Etym: [F. sorbet or It. sorbetto or Sp. sorbete, from the
same source as E. sherbet. See Sherbet.]

Defn: A kind of beverage; sherbet. Smolett.

SORBIC
Sor"bic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sorbique. See Sorb.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, the rowan tree, or sorb;
specifically, designating an acid, C

SORBILE
Sor"bile, a. Etym: [L. sorbilis, fr. sorbere to suck in, to drink
down.]

Defn: Fit to be drunk or sipped. [Obs.]

SORBIN
Sor"bin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An unfermentable sugar, isomeric with glucose, found in the
ripe berries of the rowan tree, or sorb, and extracted as a sweet
white crystalline substance; -- called also mountain-ash sugar.

SORBITE
Sor"bite, n. Etym: [L. sorbus service tree.] (Chem.)

Defn: A sugarlike substance, isomeric with mannite and dulcite, found
with sorbin in the ripe berries of the sorb, and extracted as a sirup
or a white crystalline substance.
 -- Sor*bit"ic, a.

SORBITION
Sor*bi"tion, n. Etym: [L. sorbitio.]

Defn: The act of drinking or sipping. [Obs.]

SORBONICAL
Sor*bon"ic*al, a.

Defn: Belonging to the Sorbonne or to a Sorbonist. Bale.

SORBONIST
Sor"bon*ist, n. Etym: [F. sorboniste.]

Defn: A doctor of the Sorbonne, or theological college, in the
University of Paris, founded by Robert de Sorbon, a. d. 1252. It was
suppressed in the Revolution of 1789.

SORCERER
Sor"cer*er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sorcier. See Sorcery.]

Defn: A conjurer; an enchanter; a magician. Bacon.
Pharaoh also called the wise men and the sorcerers. Ex. vii. 11.

SORCERESS
Sor"cer*ess, n.

Defn: A female sorcerer.

SORCERING
Sor"cer*ing, n.

Defn: Act or practice of using sorcery.

SORCEROUS
Sor"cer*ous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to sorcery.

SORCERY
Sor"cer*y, n.; pl. Sorceries. Etym: [OE. sorcerie, OF. sorcerie, fr.
OF. & F. sorcier a sorcerer, LL. sortiarius, fr. L. sors, sortis, a
lot, decision by lot, fate, destiny. See Sort, n.]

Defn: Divination by the assistance, or supposed assistance, of evil
spirits, or the power of commanding evil spirits; magic; necromancy;
witchcraft; enchantment.
Adder's wisdom I have learned, To fence my ear against thy sorceries.
Milton.

SORD
Sord ( or ), n.

Defn: See Sward. [R.] Milton.

SORDES
Sor"des, n. Etym: [L., fr. sordere to be dirty or foul.]

Defn: Foul matter; excretion; dregs; filthy, useless, or rejected
matter of any kind; specifically (Med.), the foul matter that
collects on the teeth and tongue in low fevers and other conditions
attended with great vital depression.

SORDET
Sor"det, n. Etym: [See Sordine.] (Mus.)

Defn: A sordine.

SORDID
Sor"did, a. Etym: [L. sordidus, fr. sordere to be filthy or dirty;
probably akin to E. swart: cf. F. sordide. See Swart, a.]

1. Filthy; foul; dirty. [Obs.]
A sordid god; down from his hoary chin A length of beard descends,
uncombed, unclean. Dryden.

2. Vile; base; gross; mean; as, vulgar, sordid mortals. "To scorn the
sordid world." Milton.

3. Meanly avaricious; covetous; niggardly.
He may be old, And yet sordid, who refuses gold. Sir J. Denham.

SORDIDLY
Sor*did"ly, n.

Defn: Sordidness. [Obs.]

SORDIDLY
Sor"did*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sordid manner.

SORDIDNESS
Sor"did*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sordid.

SORDINE
Sor"dine ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [It. sordina, sordino, from sordo
deaf, dull-sounding, L. surdus. See Surd.] (Mus.)

Defn: See Damper, and 5th Mute.

SORE
Sore, a. Etym: [F. saure, sore, sor; faucon sor a sore falcon. See
Sorrel, n.]

Defn: Reddish brown; sorrel. [R.] Sore falcon. (Zoöl.) See Sore, n.,
1.

SORE
Sore, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young hawk or falcon in the first year.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young buck in the fourth year. See the Note under Buck.

SORE
Sore, a. [Compar. Sorer (; superl. Sorest.] Etym: [OE. sor, sar, AS.
sar; akin to D. zeer, OS. & OHG. s, G. sehr very, Icel. sarr, Sw.
sår, Goth. sair pain. Cf. Sorry.]

1. Tender to the touch; susceptible of pain from pressure; inflamed;
painful; -- said of the body or its parts; as, a sore hand.

2. Fig.: Sensitive; tender; easily pained, grieved, or vexed; very
susceptible of irritation.
Malice and hatred are very fretting and vexatious, and apt to make
our minds sore and uneasy. Tillotson.

3. Severe; afflictive; distressing; as, a sore disease; sore evil or
calamity. Shak.

4. Criminal; wrong; evil. [Obs.] Shak. Sore throat (Med.),
inflammation of the throat and tonsils; pharyngitis. See Cynanche.
 -- Malignant, Ulcerated or Putrid, sore throat. See Angina, and
under Putrid.

SORE
Sore, n. Etym: [OE. sor, sar, AS. sar. See Sore, a.]

1. A place in an animal body where the skin and flesh are ruptured or
bruised, so as to be tender or painful; a painful or diseased place,
such as an ulcer or a boil.
The dogs came and licked his sores. Luke xvi. 21.

2. Fig.: Grief; affliction; trouble; difficulty. Chaucer.
I see plainly where his sore lies. Sir W. Scott.
Gold sore. (Med.) See under Gold, n.

SORE
Sore, adv. Etym: [AS. sare. See Sore, a.]

1. In a sore manner; with pain; grievously.
Thy hand presseth me sore. Ps. xxxviii. 2.

2. Greatly; violently; deeply.
[Hannah] prayed unto the Lord and wept sore. 1 Sam. i. 10.
Sore sighed the knight, who this long sermon heard. Dryden.

SOREDIA
So*re"di*a, n.,

Defn: pl. of Soredium.

SOREDIATE
So*re"di*ate, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Sorediïferous.

SOREDIFEROUS; SOREDIIFEROUS
Sore*dif"er*ous, or Sore*di*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Soredium + -ferous.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Bearing soredia; sorediate.

SOREDIUM
So*re"di*um, n.; pl. Soredia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A patch of granular bodies on the surface of the thallus of
lichens.

SOREE
So"ree (, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Sora.

SOREHEAD
Sore"head`, n.

Defn: One who is disgruntled by a failure in politics, or the like.
[Slang, U.S.]

SOREHON
Sore"hon, n. Etym: [Corrupted from sojourn, Scot. soirne, sorn.]

Defn: Formerly, in Ireland, a kind of servile tenure which subjected
the tenant to maintain his chieftain gratuitously whenever he wished
to indulge in a revel. Spenser.

SOREL
Sor"el, n. Etym: [A diminutive. See Sore reddish brown.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young buck in the third year. See the Note under Buck. Shak.

2. A yellowish or reddish brown color; sorrel.

SORELY
Sore"ly, adv.

Defn: In a sore manner; grievously; painfully; as, to be sorely
afflicted.

SOREMA
So*re"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A heap of carpels belonging to one flower.

SORENESS
Sore"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sore; tenderness; painfull; as,
the soreness of a wound; the soreness of an affliction.

SOREX
So"rex, n. Etym: [L., a shrew.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small Insectivora, including the common shrews.

SORGHE
Sor"ghe, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The three-beared rocking, or whistlefish. [Prov. Eng.]

SORGHUM
Sor"ghum, n. Etym: [NL., probably of Chinese origin.] (Bot.)
(a) A genus of grasses, properly limited to two species, Sorghum
Halepense, the Arabian millet, or Johnson grass (see Johnson grass),
and S. vulgare, the Indian millet (see Indian millet, under Indian).
(b) A variety of Sorghum vulgare, grown for its saccharine juice; the
Chinese sugar cane.

SORGO
Sor"go, n. Etym: [Cf. It. sorgo. See Sorghum.] (Bot.)

Defn: Indian millet and its varieties. See Sorghum.

SORI
So"ri, n.,

Defn: pl. of Sorus.

SORICINE
So"ri*cine, a. Etym: [L. sorricinus, fr. sorex a shrew.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Shrew family (Soricidæ); like a shrew
in form or habits; as, the soricine bat (Glossophaga soricina).

SORITES
So*ri"tes, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. swrei`ths (sc. syllogismo`s),
properly, heaped up (hence, a heap of syllogisms), fr. swro`s a
heap.] (Logic)

Defn: An abridged form of stating of syllogisms in a series of
propositions so arranged that the predicate of each one that precedes
forms the subject of each one that follows, and the conclusion unites
the subject of the first proposition with the predicate of the last
proposition, as in following example; --
The soul is a thinking agent; A thinking agent can not be severed
into parts; That which can not be severed can not be destroyed;
Therefore the soul can not be destroyed.

Note: When the series is arranged in the reverse order, it is called
the Goclenian sorites, from Goclenius, a philosopher of the sixteenth
century. Destructive sorities. See under Destructive.

SORITICAL
So"rit"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a sorites; resembling a sorites.

SORN
Sorn, v. i. Etym: [See Sorehon.]

Defn: To obtrude one's self on another for bed and board. [Scot.] Sir
W. Scott.

SORNER
Sorn"er, n.

Defn: One who obtrudes himself on another for bed and board. [Scot.]
De Quncey.

SORORAL
So*ro"ral, a. Etym: [L. soror sister: cf. F. sororal.]

Defn: Relating to a sister; sisterly. [R.]

SORORICIDE
So*ror"i*cide, n. Etym: [L. sororocida, and sororicidium; soror a
sister + caedere to kill.]

Defn: The murder of one's sister; also, one who murders or kills
one's own sister. Johnson.

SORORIZE
So*ro"rize ( or ), v. i. Etym: [L. soror, sororis, a sister.]

Defn: To associate, or hold fellowship, as sisters; to have sisterly
feelings; -- analogous to fraternize. [Recent & R.]

SOROSIS
So*ro"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Sororize.]

Defn: A woman's club; an association of women. [U. S.]

SOROSIS
So*ro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A fleshy fruit formed by the consolidation of many flowers with
their receptacles, ovaries, etc., as the breadfruit, mulberry, and
pineapple.

SORRAGE
Sor"rage (; 48), n. Etym: [Cf. Sorrel, n.]

Defn: The blades of green or barley. [Obs.] Bailey.

SORRANCE
Sor"rance, n.

Defn: Same as Sorance. [Obs.]

SORREL
Sor"rel, a. Etym: [F. saur, saure, OF. sor, sore, probably of
Teutonic origin; cf. D. zoor dry, LG. soor; the meaning probably
coming from the color of dry leaves. See Sear, a., and cf. Sorel.]

Defn: Of a yellowish or redish brown color; as, a sorrel horse.

SORREL
Sor"rel, n.

Defn: A yellowish or redish brown color.

SORREL
Sor"rel, n. Etym: [F. surelle, fr. sur sour, fr. OHG. s sour. See
Sour.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of various plants having a sour juice; especially, a plant
of the genus Rumex, as Rumex Acetosa, Rumex Acetosella, etc. Mountain
sorrel. (Bot.) See under Mountain.
 -- Red sorrel. (Bot.) (a) A malvaceous plant (Hibiscus Sabdariffa)
whose acid calyxes and capsules are used in the West Indies for
making tarts and acid drinks. (b) A troublesome weed (Rumex
Acetosella), also called sheep sorrel.
 -- Salt of sorrel (Chem.), binoxalate of potassa; -- so called
because obtained from the juice of Rumex Acetosella, or Rumex
Axetosa.
 -- Sorrel tree (Bot.), a small ericaceous tree (Oxydendrum arboreum)
whose leaves resemble those of the peach and have a sour taste. It is
common along the Alleghanies. Called also sourwood.
 -- Wood sorrel (Bot.), any plant of the genus Oxalis.

SORRENTO WORK
Sor"ren"to work`.

Defn: Ornamental work, mostly carved in olivewood, decorated with
inlay, made at or near Sorrento, Italy. Hence, more rarely, jig-saw
work and the like done anywhere.

SORRILY
Sor"ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sorry manner; poorly.
Thy pipe, O Pan, shall help, though I sing sorrily. Sir P. Sidney.

SORRINESS
Sor"ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sorry.

SORROW
Sor"row, n. Etym: [OE. sorwe, sorewe, sor, AS. sorg, sorh; akin to D.
zorg care, anxiety, OS. sorga, OHG. sorga, soraga, suorga, G. sorge,
Icel., Sw., & Dan. sorg, Goth. saúrga; of unknown origin.]

Defn: The uneasiness or pain of mind which is produced by the loss of
any good, real or supposed, or by diseappointment in the expectation
of good; grief at having suffered or occasioned evil; regret;
unhappiness; sadness. Milton.
How great a sorrow suffereth now Arcite! Chaucer.
The safe and general antidote against sorrow is employment. Rambler.

Syn.
 -- Grief; unhappiness; regret; sadness; heaviness; mourning;
affliction. See Affliction, and Grief.

SORROW
Sor"row, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sorrowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sorrowing.]
Etym: [OE. sorowen, sorwen, sorhen, AS. sorgian; akin to Goth.
saúrgan. See Sorrow, n.]

Defn: To feel pain of mind in consequence of evil experienced,
feared, or done; to grieve; to be sad; to be sorry.
Sorrowing most of all . . . that they should see his face no more.
Acts xx. 38.
I desire no man to sorrow for me. Sir J. Hayward.

SORROWED
Sor"rowed (, a.

Defn: Accompanied with sorrow; sorrowful. [Obs.] Shak.

SORROWFUL
Sor"row*ful, a. Etym: [OE. sorweful, AS. sorgful.]

1. Full of sorrow; exhibiting sorrow; sad; dejected; distressed.
"This sorrowful prisoner." Chaucer.
My soul is exceeding sorrowful, even unto death. Matt. xxvi. 38.

2. Producing sorrow; exciting grief; mournful; lamentable; grievous;
as, a sorrowful accident.

Syn.
 -- Sad; mournful; dismal; disconsolate; drear; dreary; grievous;
lamentable; doleful; distressing.
 -- Sor"row*ful*ly, adv.
 -- Sor"row*ful*ness, n.

SORROWLESS
Sor"row*less, a.

Defn: Free from sorrow.

SORRY
Sor"ry, a. [Compar. Sorrier; superl. Sorriest.] Etym: [OE. sory,
sary, AS. sarig, fr. sar, n., sore. See Sore, n. & a. The original
sense was, painful; hence. miserable, sad.]

1. Grieved for the loss of some good; pained for some evil; feeling
regret; -- now generally used to express light grief or affliction,
but formerly often used to express deeper feeling. "I am sorry for my
sins." Piers Plowman.
Ye were made sorry after a godly manner. 2 Cor. vii. 9.
I am sorry for thee, friend; 't is the duke's pleasure. Shak.
She entered, were he lief or sorry. Spenser.

2. Melancholy; dismal; gloomy; mournful. Spenser.
All full of chirking was this sorry place. Chaucer.

3. Poor; mean; worthless; as, a sorry excuse. "With sorry grace."
Chaucer.
Cheeks of sorry grain will serve. Milton.
Good fruit will sometimes grow on a sorry tree. Sir W. Scott.

Syn.
 -- Hurt; afflicted; mortified; vexed; chagrined; melancholy; dismal;
poor; mean; pitiful.

SORS
Sors, n.; pl. Sortes. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A lot; also, a kind of divination by means of lots. Sortes
Homericæ or Virgilianæ Etym: [L., Homeric or Virgilian lots], a form
of divination anciently practiced, which consisted in taking the
first passage on which the eye fell, upon opening a volume of Homer
or Virgil, or a passage drawn from an urn which several were
deposited, as indicating future events, or the proper course to be
pursued. In later times the Bible was used for the same purpose by
Christians.

SORT
Sort, n. Etym: [F. sorl, L. sors, sortis. See Sort kind.]

Defn: Chance; lot; destiny. [Obs.]
By aventure, or sort, or cas [chance]. Chaucer.
Let blockish Ajax draw The sort to fight with Hector. Shak.

SORT
Sort, n. Etym: [F. sorie (cf. It. sorta, sorte), from L. sors, sorti,
a lot, part, probably akin to serere to connect. See Series, and cf.
Assort, Consort, Resort, Sorcery, Sort lot.]

1. A kind or species; any number or collection of individual persons
or things characterized by the same or like qualities; a class or
order; as, a sort of men; a sort of horses; a sort of trees; a sort
of poems.

2. Manner; form of being or acting.
Which for my part I covet to perform, In sort as through the world I
did proclaim. Spenser.
Flowers, in such sort worn, can neither be smelt nor seen well by
those that wear them. Hooker.
I'll deceive you in another sort. Shak.
To Adam in what sort Shall I appear Milton.
I shall not be wholly without praise, if in some sort I have copied
his style. Dryden.

3. Condition above the vulgar; rank. [Obs.] Shak.

4. A chance group; a company of persons who happen to be together; a
troop; also, an assemblage of animals. [Obs.] "A sort of shepherds."
Spenser. "A sort of steers." Spenser. "A sort of doves." Dryden. "A
sort of rogues." Massinger.
A boy, a child, and we a sort of us, Vowed against his voyage.
Chapman.

5. A pair; a set; a suit. Johnson.

6. pl. (Print.)

Defn: Letters, figures, points, marks, spaces, or quadrats, belonging
to a case, separately considered. Out of sorts (Print.), with some
letters or sorts of type deficient or exhausted in the case or font;
hence, colloquially, out of order; ill; vexed; disturbed.
 -- To run upon sorts (Print.), to use or require a greater number of
some particular letters, figures, or marks than the regular
proportion, as, for example, in making an index.

Syn.
 -- Kind; species; rank; condition.
 -- Sort, Kind. Kind originally denoted things of the same family, or
bound together by some natural affinity; and hence, a class. Sort
signifies that which constitutes a particular lot of parcel, not
implying necessarily the idea of affinity, but of mere assemblage.
the two words are now used to a great extent interchangeably, though
sort (perhaps from its original meaning of lot) sometimes carries
with it a slight tone of disparagement or contempt, as when we say,
that sort of people, that sort of language.
As when the total kind Of birds, in orderly array on wing, Came
summoned over Eden to receive Their names of there. Milton.
None of noble sort Would so offend a virgin. Shak.

SORT
Sort, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sorting.]

1. To separate, and place in distinct classes or divisions, as things
having different qualities; as, to sort cloths according to their
colors; to sort wool or thread according to its fineness.
Rays which differ in refrangibility may be parted and sorted from one
another. Sir I. Newton.

2. To reduce to order from a confused state. Hooker.

3. To conjoin; to put together in distribution; to class.
Shellfish have been, by some of the ancients, compared and sorted
with insects. Bacon.
She sorts things present with things past. Sir J. Davies.

4. To choose from a number; to select; to cull.
That he may sort out a worthy spouse. Chapman.
I'll sort some other time to visit you. Shak.

5. To conform; to adapt; to accommodate. [R.]
I pray thee, sort thy heart to patience. Shak.

SORT
Sort, v. i.

1. To join or associate with others, esp. with others of the same
kind or species; to agree.
Nor do metals only sort and herd with metals in the earth, and
minerals with minerals. Woodward.
The illiberality of parents towards children makes them base, and
sort with any company. Bacon.

2. To suit; to fit; to be in accord; to harmonize.
They are happy whose natures sort with their vocations. Bacon.
Things sort not to my will. herbert.
I can not tell you precisely how they sorted. Sir W. Scott.

SORTABLE
Sort"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sortable suitable.]

1. Capable of being sorted.

2. Suitable; befitting; proper. [Obs.] con.

SORTABLY
Sort"a*bly, adv.

Defn: Suitable. [Obs.] otgrave.

SORTAL
Sort"al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a sort. [Obs.] Locke.

SORTANCE
Sort"ance, n. Etym: [From Sort, v. i.]

Defn: Suitableness; agreement. [Obs.] hak.

SORTER
Sort"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, sorts.

SORTES
Sor"tes, n.,

Defn: pl. of Sors.

SORTIE
Sor"tie, n. Etym: [F., fr. sortir to go out, to issue, probably fr.
L. sortus, for surrectus, p.p. of surgere to raise up, to rise up.
See Source.] (Mil.)

Defn: The sudden issuing of a body of troops, usually small, from a
besieged place to attack or harass the besiegers; a sally.

SORTILEGE
Sor"ti*lege, n. Etym: [F. sortilège, fr. L. sors, sortis, a lot +
legere to gather, to select.]

Defn: The act or practice of drawing lots; divination by drawing
lots.
A woman infamous for sortileges and witcheries. Sir W. Scott.

SORTILEGIOUS
Sor`ti*le"gious, a.

Defn: Pertaining to sortilege.

SORTILEGY
Sor"til"e*gy, n.

Defn: Sortilege. [R.] De Quincey.

SORTITA
Sor*ti"ta, n. [It., a coming out.]

1. The air sung by any of the principal characters in an opera on
entering.

2.  A closing voluntary; a postlude.

SORTITION
Sor*ti"tion, n. Etym: [L. sortitio, from sortiri to draw or cast
lots, fr. sors, sortis, a lot.]

Defn: Selection or appointment by lot. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

SORTMENT
Sort"ment, n.

Defn: Assortiment. [Obs.]

SORUS
So"rus, n.; pl. Sori. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the fruit dots, or small clusters of sporangia, on the
back of the fronds of ferns.

SORWE
Sor"we, n. & v.

Defn: Sorrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SORWEFUL
Sor"we*ful, a.

Defn: Sorrowful. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SORY
So"ry, n. Etym: [L. sory, Gr. (Old Min. Chem.)

Defn: Green vitriol, or some earth imregnated with it.

SOS
SOS.

Defn: The letters signified by the signal ( . . . ---. . . )
prescribed by the International Radiotelegraphic Convention of 1912
for use by ships in distress.

SO-SO
So"-so`, a. Etym: [So + so.]

Defn: Neither very good nor very bad; middling; passable; tolerable;
indifferent.
In some Irish houses, where things are so-so, One gammon of bacon
hangs up for a show. Goldsmith.
He [Burns] certainly wrote some so-so verses to the Tree of Liberty.
Prof. Wilson.

SO-SO
So"-so`, adv.

Defn: Tolerably; passably. H. James.

SOSS
Soss, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Souse.]

Defn: To fall at once into a chair or seat; to sit lazily. [Obs.]
Swift.

SOSS
Soss, v. t.

Defn: To throw in a negligent or careless manner; to toss. [Obs.]
Swift.

SOSS
Soss, n.

1. A lazy fellow. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

2. A heavy fall. [Prov. Eng.] Hallowell.

SOSS
Soss, n. Etym: [See Sesspol.]

Defn: Anything dirty or muddy; a dirty puddle. [Prov. Eng.]

SOSTENUTO
Sos`te*nu"to, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Sustained; -- applied to a movement or passage the sounds of
which are to sustained to the utmost of the nominal value of the
time; also, to a passage the tones of which are to be somewhat
prolonged or protacted.

SOT
Sot, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. sottus; of unknown origin, cf. Ir. sotal
pride, soithir proud, or Chald. & NHeb. shoten foolish.]

1. A stupid person; a blockhead; a dull fellow; a dolt. [Obs.] outh.
In Egypt oft has seen the sot bow down, And reverence some dOldham.

2. A person stupefied by excessive drinking; an habitual drunkard. "A
brutal sot." Granville.
Every sign That calls the staring sots to nasty wine. Roscommon.

SOT
Sot, a.

Defn: Sottish; foolish; stupid; dull. [Obs.] "Rich, but sot."
Marston.

SOT
Sot, v. t.

Defn: To stupefy; to infatuate; to besot. [R.]
I hate to see a brave, bold fellow sotted. Dryden.

SOT
Sot, v. i.

Defn: To tipple to stupidity. [R.] Goldsmith.

SOTADEAN
So`ta*de"an, a.

Defn: Sotadic.

SOTADIC
So*tad"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the lascivious compositions of
the Greek poet Sotades.
 -- n.

Defn: A Sotadic verse or poem.

SOTE
Sote, a.

Defn: Sweet. [Obs.] Chaucer. Fairfax.

SOTEL; SOTIL
So"tel, So"til, a.

Defn: Subtile. [Obs.]

SOTERIOLOGY
So*te`ri*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

1. A discourse on health, or the science of promoting and preserving
health.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine of salvation by Jesus Christ.

SOTHE
Sothe ( or ), a.

Defn: Sooth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOTHIAC; SOTHIC
So"thi*ac, Soth"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Sothis, the Egyptian name for the Dog Star;
taking its name from the Dog Star; canicular. Sothiac, or Sothic,
year (Chronol.), the Egyptian year of 365 days and 6 hours, as
distinguished from the Egyptian vague year, which contained 365 days.
The Sothic period consists of 1,460 Sothic years, being equal to
1,461 vague years. One of these periods ended in July, a. d. 139.

SOTILTE
So"til*te, n.

Defn: Subtlety. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOTTED
Sot"ted,

Defn: a. & p. p. of Sot. Befooled; deluded; besotted. [Obs.] "This
sotted priest." Chaucer.

SOTTERY
Sot"ter*y, n.

Defn: Folly. [Obs.] Gauden.

SOTTISH
Sot"tish, a. Etym: [From Sot.]

Defn: Like a sot; doltish; very foolish; drunken.
How ignorant are sottish pretenders to astrology! Swift.

Syn.
 -- Dull; stupid; senseless; doltish; infatuate.
 -- Sot"tish*ly, adv.
 -- Sot"tish*ness, n.

SOTTO VOCE
Sot`to vo"ce. Etym: [It.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: With a restrained voice or moderate force; in an undertone.

2. Spoken low or in an undertone.

SOU
Sou, n.; pl. Sous or. Etym: [F. sou, OF. sol, from L. solidus a gold
coin, in LL., a coin of less value. See Sold, n., Solid, and and cf.
Sol, Soldo.]

Defn: An old French copper coin, equivalent in value to, and now
displaced by, the five-centime piece (sou.

SOUARI NUT
Sou*a"ri nut`. (Bot.)

Defn: The large edible nutlike seed of a tall tropical American tree
(Caryocar nuciferum) of the same natural order with the tea plant; --
also called butternut. [Written also sawarra nut.]

SOUBAH
Sou"bah, n.

Defn: See Subah.

SOUBAHDAR
Sou"bah*dar, n.

Defn: See Subahdar.

SOUBISE
Sou`bise" (soo`bez"), n.

1. [F.] A sauce made of white onions and melted butter mixed with
velouté sauce.

2.  A kind of cravat worn by men in the late 18th century.

SOUBRETTE
Sou`brette", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A female servant or attendant; specifically, as a term of the
theater, a lady's maid, in comedies, who acts the part of an
intrigante; a meddlesome, mischievous female servant or young woman.

SOUBRIQUET
Sou`bri`quet", n.

Defn: See Sobriquet.

SOUCE
Souce, n.

Defn: See 1st Souse.

SOUCE
Souce, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Souse. [Obs.] penser.

SOUCHONG
Sou*chong", n. Etym: [Chin. seou chong little plant or sort.]

Defn: A kind of black tea of a fine quality.

SOUDAN
Sou*dan", n.Etym: [F.]

Defn: A sultan. [Obs.]

SOUDED; SOUDET
Soud"ed, Soud"et, a. Etym: [See Solder.]

Defn: United; consolidated; made firm; strengthened. [Obs.]
O martyr souded for virginity! Chaucer.

SOUFFLE
Souf"fle, n. Etym: [F.] (Med.)

Defn: A murmuring or blowing sound; as, the uterine souffle heard
over the pregnant uterus.

SOUFFLE
Souf"flé, n. Etym: [F., fr. soufflé, p.p. of souffler to puff.]
(Cookery)

Defn: A side dish served hot from the oven at dinner, made of eggs,
milk, and flour or other farinaceous substance, beaten till very
light, and flavored with fruits, liquors, or essence.

SOUFFLEE
Soufflée.

Defn: Filled with air by beating, and baked; as, an omelette soufflé.

SOUGH
Sough, n.

Defn: A sow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOUGH
Sough, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A small drain; an adit. [Prov. Eng.] W. M. Buchanan.

SOUGH
Sough, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. s (in comp.) a rushing sound, or OE.
swough, swogh, a sound, AS. sw to rustle. Cf. Surf, Swoon, v. i.]

1. The sound produced by soughing; a hollow murmur or roaring.
The whispering leaves or solemn sough of the forest. W. Howitt.

2. Hence, a vague rumor or flying report. [Scot.]

3. A cant or whining mode of speaking, especially in preaching or
praying. [Scot.] Jamieson.

SOUGH
Sough, v. i.

Defn: To whistle or sigh, as the wind.

SOUGHT
Sought,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Seek.

SOUKE
Souke, v. t. & i.

Defn: To suck. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOUL
Soul, a.

Defn: Sole. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOUL
Soul, a.

Defn: Sole. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOUL
Soul, v. i. Etym: [F. soûler to satiate. See Soil to feed.]

Defn: To afford suitable sustenance. [Obs.] Warner.

SOUL
Soul, n. Etym: [OE. soule, saule, AS. sawel, sawl; akin to OFries. s,
OS. s, D. ziel, G. seele, OHG. s, s, Icel. sala, Sw. själ, Dan. siæl,
Goth. saiwala; of uncertain origin, perhaps akin to L. saeculum a
lifetime, age (cf. Secular.)]

1. The spiritual, rational, and immortal part in man; that part of
man which enables him to think, and which renders him a subject of
moral government; -- sometimes, in distinction from the higher
nature, or spirit, of man, the so-called animal soul, that is, the
seat of life, the sensitive affections and phantasy, exclusive of the
voluntary and rational powers; -- sometimes, in distinction from the
mind, the moral and emotional part of man's nature, the seat of
feeling, in distinction from intellect; -- sometimes, the intellect
only; the understanding; the seat of knowledge, as distinguished from
feeling. In a more general sense, "an animating, separable, surviving
entity, the vehicle of individual personal existence." Tylor.
The eyes of our souls only then begin to see, when our bodily eyes
are closing. Law.

2. The seat of real life or vitality; the source of action; the
animating or essential part. "The hidden soul of harmony." Milton.
Thou sun, of this great world both eye and soul. Milton.

3. The leader; the inspirer; the moving spirit; the heart; as, the
soul of an enterprise; an able gemeral is the soul of his army.
He is the very soul of bounty! Shak.

4. Energy; courage; spirit; fervor; affection, or any other noble
manifestation of the heart or moral nature; inherent power or
goodness.
That he wants algebra he must confess; But not a soul to give our
arms success. Young.

5. A human being; a person; -- a familiar appellation, usually with a
qualifying epithet; as, poor soul.
As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.
Prov. xxv. 25.
God forbid so many simple souls Should perish by the aword! Shak.
Now mistress Gilpin (careful soul). Cowper.

6. A pure or disembodied spirit.
That to his only Son . . . every soul in heaven Shall bend the knee.
Milton.

Note: Soul is used in the formation of numerous compounds, most of
which are of obvious signification; as, soul-betraying, soul-
consuming, soul-destroying, soul-distracting, soul-enfeebling, soul-
exalting, soul-felt, soul-harrowing, soul-piercing, soul-quickening,
soul-reviving, soul-stirring, soul-subduing, soul-withering, etc.

Syn.
 -- Spirit; life; courage; fire; ardor. Cure of souls. See Cure, n.,
2.
 -- Soul bell, the passing bell. Bp. Hall.
 -- Soul foot. See Soul scot, below. [Obs.] -- Soul scot or Soul
shot. Etym: [Soul + scot, or shot; cf. AS. sawelsceat.] (O. Eccl.
Law) A funeral duty paid in former times for a requiem for the soul.
Ayliffe.

SOUL
Soul, v. t.

Defn: To indue with a soul; to furnish with a soul or mind. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

SOULED
Souled, a.

Defn: Furnished with a soul; possessing soul and feeling; -- used
chiefly in composition; as, great-souled Hector. "Grecian chiefs . .
. largely souled." Dryden.

SOULILI
Sou"li*li`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A long-tailed, crested Javan monkey (Semnopithecus mitratus).
The head, the crest, and the upper surface of the tail, are black.

SOULLESS
Soul"less, a.

Defn: Being without a soul, or without greatness or nobleness of
mind; mean; spiritless.
Slave, souless villain, dog! Shak.

SOULLESSLY
Soul"less*ly, adv.

Defn: In a soulless manner. Tylor.

SOUN
Soun, n. & v.

Defn: Sound. [Obs.] aucer.

SOUND
Sound, n. Etym: [AS. sund a swimming, akin to E. swim. See Swim.]

Defn: The air bladder of a fish; as, cod sounds are an esteemed
article of food.

SOUND
Sound, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cuttlefish. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

SOUND
Sound, a. [Compar. Sounder; superl. Soundest.] Etym: [OE. sound, AS.
sund; akin to D. gezond, G. gesund, OHG. gisunt, Dan. & Sw. sund, and
perhaps to L. sanus. Cf. Sane.]

1. Whole; unbroken; unharmed; free from flaw, defect, or decay;
perfect of the kind; as, sound timber; sound fruit; a sound tooth; a
sound ship.

2. Healthy; not diseased; not being in a morbid state; -- said of
body or mind; as, a sound body; a sound constitution; a sound
understanding.

3. Firm; strong; safe.
The brasswork here, how rich it is in beams, And how, besides, it
makes the whole house sound. Chapman.

4. Free from error; correct; right; honest; true; faithful; orthodox;
-- said of persons; as, a sound lawyer; a sound thinker.
Do not I know you a favorer Of this new seat Ye are nor sound. Shak.

5. Founded in truth or right; supported by justice; not to be
overthrown on refuted; not fallacious; as, sound argument or
reasoning; a sound objection; sound doctrine; sound principles.
Hold fast the form of sound words, which thou hast heard of me. 2
Tim. i. 13.

6. heavy; laid on with force; as, a sound beating.

7. Undisturbed; deep; profound; as, sound sleep.

8. Founded in law; legal; valid; not defective; as, a sound title to
land.

Note: Sound is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, sound-headed, sound-hearted, sound-timbered, etc.
Sound currency (Com.), a currency whose actual value is the same as
its nominal value; a currency which does not deteriorate or
depreciate or fluctuate in comparision with the standard of values.

SOUND
Sound, adv.

Defn: Soundly.
So sound he slept that naught might him awake. Spenser.

SOUND
Sound, n. Etym: [AS. sund a narrow sea or strait; akin to Icel., Sw.,
Dan. & G. sund, probably so named because it could be swum across.
See Swim.] (Geog.)

Defn: A narrow passage of water, or a strait between the mainland and
an island; also, a strait connecting two seas, or connecting a sea or
lake with the ocean; as, the Sound between the Baltic and the german
Ocean; Long Island Sound.
The Sound of Denmark, where ships pay toll. Camden.
Sound dues, tolls formerly imposed by Denmark on vessels passing
through the Baltic Sound.

SOUND
Sound, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Sounding.] Etym:
[F. sonder; cf. AS. sundgyrd a sounding rod, sundline a sounding line
(see Sound a narrow passage of water).]

1. To measure the depth of; to fathom; especially, to ascertain the
depth of by means of a line and plummet.

2. Fig.: To ascertain, or try to ascertain, the thoughts, motives,
and purposes of (a person); to examine; to try; to test; to probe.
I was in jest, And by that offer meant to sound your breast. Dryden.
I've sounded my Numidians man by man. Addison.

3. (Med.)

Defn: To explore, as the bladder or urethra, with a sound; to examine
with a sound; also, to examine by auscultation or percussion; as, to
sound a patient.

SOUND
Sound, v. i.

Defn: To ascertain the depth of water with a sounding line or other
device.
I sound as a shipman soundeth in the sea with his plummet to know the
depth of sea. Palsgrave.

SOUND
Sound, n. Etym: [F. sonde. See Sound to fathom.] (Med.)

Defn: Any elongated instrument or probe, usually metallic, by which
cavities of the body are sounded or explored, especially the bladder
for stone, or the urethra for a stricture.

SOUND
Sound, n. Etym: [OE. soun, OF. son, sun, F. son, fr. L. sonus akin to
Skr. svana sound, svan to sound, and perh. to E. swan. Cf. Assonant,
Consonant, Person, Sonata, Sonnet, Sonorous, Swan.]

1. The peceived object occasioned by the impulse or vibration of a
material substance affecting the ear; a sensation or perception of
the mind received through the ear, and produced by the impulse or
vibration of the air or other medium with which the ear is in
contact; the effect of an impression made on the organs of hearing by
an impulse or vibration of the air caused by a collision of bodies,
or by other means; noise; report; as, the sound of a drum; the sound
of the human voice; a horrid sound; a charming sound; a sharp, high,
or shrill sound.
The warlike sound Of trumpets loud and clarions. Milton.

2. The occasion of sound; the impulse or vibration which would
occasion sound to a percipient if present with unimpaired; hence, the
theory of vibrations in elastic media such cause sound; as, a
treatise on sound.

Note: In this sense, sounds are spoken of as audible and inaudible.

3. Noise without signification; empty noise; noise and nothing else.
Sense and not sound . . . must be the principle. Locke.
Sound boarding, boards for holding pugging, placed in partitions of
under floors in order to deaden sounds.
 -- Sound bow, in a series of transverse sections of a bell, that
segment against which the clapper strikes, being the part which is
most efficacious in producing the sound. See Illust. of Bell.
 -- Sound post. (Mus.) See Sounding post, under Sounding.

SOUND
Sound, v. i. Etym: [OE. sounen, sownen, OF. soner, suner, F. sonner,
from L. sonare. See Sound a noise.]

1. To make a noise; to utter a voice; to make an impulse of the air
that shall strike the organs of hearing with a perceptible effect.
"And first taught speaking trumpets how to sound." Dryden.
How silver-sweet sound lovers' tongues! Shak.

2. To be conveyed in sound; to be spread or published; to convey
intelligence by sound.
From you sounded out the word of the Lord. 1 Thess. i. 8.

3. To make or convey a certain impression, or to have a certain
import, when heard; hence, to seem; to appear; as, this reproof
sounds harsh; the story sounds like an invention.
Good sir, why do you start, and seem to fear Things that do sound so
fair Shak.
To sound in or into, to tend to; to partake of the nature of; to be
consonant with. [Obs., except in the phrase To sound in damages,
below.]
Soun[d]ing in moral virtue was his speech. Chaucer.
-- To sound in damages (Law), to have the essential quality of
damages. This is said of an action brought, not for the recovery of a
specific thing, as replevin, etc., but for damages only, as trespass,
and the like.

SOUND
Sound, v. t.

1. To causse to make a noise; to play on; as, to sound a trumpet or a
horn.
A bagpipe well could he play and soun[d]. Chaucer.

2. To cause to exit as a sound; as, to sound a note with the voice,
or on an instrument.

3. To order, direct, indicate, or proclain by a sound, or sounds; to
give a signal for by a certain sound; as, to sound a retreat; to
sound a parley.
The clock sounded the hour of noon. G. H. Lewes.

4. To celebrate or honor by sounds; to cause to be reported; to
publish or proclaim; as, to sound the praises of fame of a great man
or a great exploit.

5. To examine the condition of (anything) by causing the same to emit
sounds and noting their character; as, to sound a piece of timber; to
sound a vase; to sound the lungs of a patient.

6. To signify; to import; to denote. [Obs.] Milton.
Soun[d]ing alway the increase of his winning. Chaucer.

SOUNDABLE
Sound"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being sounded.

SOUNDAGE
Sound"age (; 48), n.

Defn: Dues for soundings.

SOUND-BOARD
Sound"-board`, n.

Defn: A sounding-board.
To many a row of pipes the sound-board breathes. Milton.

SOUNDER
Sound"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which; sounds; specifically, an instrument
used in telegraphy in place of a register, the communications being
read by sound.

SOUNDER
Sound"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A herd of wild hogs.

SOUNDING
Sound"ing, a.

Defn: Making or emitting sound; hence, sonorous; as, sounding words.
Dryden.

SOUNDING
Sound"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, sounds (in any of the senses of
the several verbs).

2. (Naut.) Etym: [From Sound to fathom.]
(a) measurement by sounding; also, the depth so ascertained.
(b) Any place or part of the ocean, or other water, where a sounding
line will reach the bottom; -- usually in the plural.
(c) The sand, shells, or the like, that are brought up by the
sounding lead when it has touched bottom. Sounding lead, the plummet
at the end of a sounding line.
 -- Sounding line, a line having a plummet at the end, used in making
soundings.
 -- Sounding post (Mus.), a small post in a violin, violoncello, or
similar instrument, set under the bridge as a support, for
propagating the sounds to the body of the instrument; -- called also
sound post.
 -- Sounding rod (Naut.), a rod used to ascertain the depth of water
in a ship's hold.
 -- In soundings, within the eighty-fathom line. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

SOUNDING BALLOON
Sound"ing bal*loon".

Defn: An unmanned balloon sent aloft for meteorological or aëronautic
purposes.

SOUNDING-BOARD
Sound"ing-board`, n.

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A thin board which propagates the sound in a piano, in a
violin, and in some other musical instruments.

2. A board or structure placed behind or over a pulpit or rostrum to
give distinctness to a speaker's voice.

3. pl.

Defn: See Sound boarding, under Sound, a noise.

SOUNDLESS
Sound"less, a.

Defn: Not capable of being sounded or fathomed; unfathomable. Shak.

SOUNDLESS
Sound"less, a.

Defn: Having no sound; noiseless; silent.
 -- Sound"less*ly, adv.
 -- Sound"less*ness, n.

SOUNDLY
Sound"ly, adv.

Defn: In a sound manner.

SOUNDNESS
Sound"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sound; as, the soundness of
timber, of fruit, of the teeth, etc.; the soundness of reasoning or
argument; soundness of faith.

Syn.
 -- Firmness; strength; solidity; healthiness; truth; rectitude.

SOUNE
Soune, v. t. & i.

Defn: To sound. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOUNST
Sounst, a.

Defn: Soused. See Souse. [Obs.]

SOUP
Soup, n. Etym: [F. soupe, OF. sope, supe, soupe, perhaps originally,
a piece of bread; probably of Teutonic origin; cf. D. sop sop, G.
suppe soup. See Sop something dipped in a liquid, and cf. Supper.]

Defn: A liquid food of many kinds, usually made by boiling meat and
vegetables, or either of them, in water, -- commonly seasoned or
flavored; strong broth. Soup kitchen, an establishment for preparing
and supplying soup to the poor.
 -- Soup ticket, a ticket conferring the privilege of receiving soup
at a soup kitchen.

SOUP
Soup, v. t.

Defn: To sup or swallow. [Obs.] Wyclif.

SOUP
Soup, v. t.

Defn: To breathe out. [Obs.] amden.

SOUP
Soup, v. t.

Defn: To sweep. See Sweep, and Swoop. [Obs.]

SOUPCON
Soup`çon", n. [F.]

Defn: A suspicion; a suggestion; hence, a very small portion; a
taste; as, coffee with a soupçon of brandy; a soupçon of coquetry.

SOUPE-MAIGRE
Soupe`-mai"gre, n. Etym: [F.] (Cookery)

Defn: Soup made chiefly from vegetables or fish with a little butter
and a few condiments.

SOUPLE
Sou"ple, n.

Defn: That part of a flail which strikes the grain. Knight.

SOUPY
Soup"y, a.

Defn: Resembling soup; souplike.

SOUR
Sour, a. [Compar. Sourer; superl. Sourest.] Etym: [OE. sour, sur, AS.
s; akin to D. zuur, G. sauer, OHG. s, Icel. s, Sw. sur, Dan. suur,
Lith. suras salt, Russ. surovui harsh, rough. Cf. Sorrel, the plant.]

1. Having an acid or sharp, biting taste, like vinegar, and the
juices of most unripe fruits; acid; tart.
All sour things, as vinegar, provoke appetite. Bacon.

2. Changed, as by keeping, so as to be acid, rancid, or musty,
turned.

3. Disagreeable; unpleasant; hence; cross; crabbed; peevish; morose;
as, a man of a sour temper; a sour reply. "A sour countenance."
Swift.
He was a scholar . . . Lofty and sour to them that loved him not, But
to those men that sought him sweet as summer. Shak.

4. Afflictive; painful. "Sour adversity." Shak.

5. Cold and unproductive; as, sour land; a sour marsh. Sour dock
(Bot.), sorrel.
 -- Sour gourd (Bot.), the gourdlike fruit Adansonia Gregorii, and A.
digitata; also, either of the trees bearing this fruit. See
Adansonia.
 -- Sour grapes. See under Grape.
 -- Sour gum (Bot.) See Turelo.
 -- Sour plum (Bot.), the edible acid fruit of an Australian tree
(Owenia venosa); also, the tree itself, which furnished a hard
reddish wood used by wheelwrights.

Syn.
 -- Acid; sharp; tart; acetous; acetose; harsh; acrimonious; crabbed;
currish; peevish.

SOUR
Sour, n.

Defn: A sour or acid substance; whatever produces a painful effect.
Spenser.

SOUR
Sour, v. t. Etym: [AS. s to sour, to become sour.]

1. To cause to become sour; to cause to turn from sweet to sour; as,
exposure to the air sours many substances.
So the sun's heat, with different powers, Ripens the grape, the
liquor sours. Swift.

2. To make cold and unproductive, as soil. Mortimer.

3. To make unhappy, uneasy, or less agreeable.
To sour your happiness I must report, The queen is dead. Shak.

4. To cause or permit to become harsh or unkindly. "Souring his
cheeks." Shak.
Pride had not sour'd nor wrath debased my heart. Harte.

5. To macerate, and render fit for plaster or mortar; as, to sour
lime for business purposes.

SOUR
Sour, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Soured; p. pr. & vb. n. Souring.]

Defn: To become sour; to turn from sweet to sour; as, milk soon sours
in hot weather; a kind temper sometimes sours in adversity.
They keep out melancholy from the virtuous, and hinder the hatred of
vice from souring into severity. Addison.

SOURCE
Source, n. Etym: [OE. sours, OF. sourse, surse, sorse, F. source, fr.
OF. sors, p.p. of OF. sordre, surdre, sourdre, to spring forth or up,
F. sourdre, fr. L. surgere to lift or raise up, to spring up. See
Surge, and cf. Souse to plunge or swoop as a bird upon its prey.]

1. The act of rising; a rise; an ascent. [Obs.]
Therefore right as an hawk upon a sours Up springeth into the air,
right so prayers . . . Maken their sours to Goddes ears two. Chaucer.

2. The rising from the ground, or beginning, of a stream of water or
the like; a spring; a fountain.
Where as the Poo out of a welle small Taketh his firste springing and
his sours. Chaucer.
Kings that rule Behind the hidden sources of the Nile. Addison.

3. That from which anything comes forth, regarded as its cause or
origin; the person from whom anything originates; first cause.
This source of ideas every man has wholly in himself. Locke.
The source of Newton's light, of Bacon's sense. Pope.

Syn.
 -- See Origin.

SOURCROUT
Sour"crout`, n.

Defn: See Sauerkraut.

SOURDE
Sourde, v. i. Etym: [F. sourdre. See Source.]

Defn: To have origin or source; to rise; to spring. [Obs.]
Now might men ask whereof that pride sourdeth. Chaucer.

SOURING
Sour"ing, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any sour apple.

SOURISH
Sour"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat sour; moderately acid; as, sourish fruit; a sourish
taste.

SOURKROUT
Sour"krout`, n.

Defn: Same as Sauerkraut.

SOURLY
Sour"ly, adv.

Defn: In a sour manner; with sourness.

SOURNESS
Sour"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sour.

SOURS
Sours, n.

Defn: Source. See Source. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOURSOP
Sour"sop`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The large succulent and slightly acid fruit of a small tree
(Anona muricata) of the West Indies; also, the tree itself. It is
closely allied to the custard apple.

SOURWOOD
Sour"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The sorrel tree.

SOUS; SOUSE
Sous, Souse (F. soo; colloq. Eng. sous), n.

Defn: A corrupt form of Sou. [Obs.] Colman, the Elder.

SOUSE
Souse, n. Etym: [OF. sausse. See Sauce.] [Written also souce, sowce,
and sowse.]

1. Pickle made with salt.

2. Something kept or steeped in pickle; esp., the pickled ears, feet,
etc., of swine.
And he that can rear up a pig in his house, Hath cheaper his bacon,
and sweeter his souse. Tusser.

3. The ear; especially, a hog's ear. [Prov. Eng.]

4. The act of sousing; a plunging into water.

SOUSE
Souse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soused; p. pr. & vb. n. Sousing.] Etym:
[Cf. F. saucer to wet with sauce. See Souse pickle.]

1. To steep in pickle; to pickle. "A soused gurnet." Shak.

2. To plunge or immerse in water or any liquid.
They soused me over head and ears in water. Addison.

3. To drench, as by an immersion; to wet throughly.
Although I be well soused in this shower. Gascoigne.

SOUSE
Souse, v. i. Etym: [Probably fr. OF. sors, p.p. of sordre to rise,
and first used of an upward swood, then of a swoop in general, but
also confused with Souse, v. t. See Source.]

Defn: To swoop or plunge, as a bird upon its prey; to fall suddenly;
to rush with speed; to make a sudden attack.
For then I viewed his plunge and souse Into the foamy main. Marston.
Jove's bird will souse upon the timorous hare. J. Dryden. Jr.

SOUSE
Souse, v. t.

Defn: To pounce upon. [R.]
[The gallant monarch] like eagle o'er his serie towers, To souse
annoyance that comes near his nest. Shak.

SOUSE
Souse, n.

Defn: The act of sousing, or swooping.
As a falcon fair That once hath failed or her souse full near.
Spenser.

SOUSE
Souse, adv.

Defn: With a sudden swoop; violently. Young.

SOUSLIK
Sous"lik, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Suslik.

SOUT
Sout, n.

Defn: Soot. [Obs.] Spenser.

SOUTACHE
Sou`tache", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A kind of narrow braid, usually of silk; -- also known as
Russian braid.

SOUTAGE
Sout"age ( or ; 48), n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: That in which anything is packed; bagging, as for hops. [Obs.]
Halliwell.

SOUTANE
Sou`tane", n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. sotana, or It. sottana, LL. subtana,
fr. L. subtus below, beneath, fr. sub under.] (Eccl. Costume)

Defn: A close garnment with straight sleeves, and skirts reaching to
the ankles, and buttoned in front from top to bottom; especially, the
black garment of this shape worn by the clergy in France and Italy as
their daily dress; a cassock.

SOUTER
Sou"ter, n. Etym: [AS. s, fr. It. sutor, fr. suere to sew.]

Defn: A shoemaker; a cobbler. [Obs.] Chaucer.
There is no work better than another to please God: . . . to wash
dishes, to be a souter, or an apostle, -- all is one. Tyndale.

SOUTERLY
Sou"ter*ly, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a cobbler or cobblers; like a cobbler;
hence, vulgar; low. [Obs.]

SOUTERRAIN
Sou"ter*rain, n. Etym: [F. See Subterranean.]

Defn: A grotto or cavern under ground. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

SOUTH
South (; by sailors sou), n. Etym: [OE. south, suþ, AS. suedh for
sunedh; akin to D. zuid, OHG. sund, G. süd, süden, Icel. suedhr,
sunnr, Dan. syd, sönden, Sw. syd, söder, sunnan; all probably akin to
E. sun, meaning, the side towards the sun. sq. root297. See Sun.]

1. That one of the four cardinal points directly opposite to the
north; the region or direction to the right or direction to the right
of a person who faces the east.

2. A country, region, or place situated farther to the south than
another; the southern section of a country. "The queen of the south."
Matt. xii. 42.

3. Specifically: That part of the United States which is south of
Mason and Dixon's line. See under Line.

4. The wind from the south. [Obs.] Shak.

SOUTH
South, a.

Defn: Lying toward the south; situated at the south, or in a southern
direction from the point of observation or reckoning; proceeding
toward the south, or coming from the south; blowing from the south;
southern; as, the south pole. "At the south entry." Shak. South-Sea
tea (Bot.) See Yaupon.

SOUTH
South

Defn: , adv.

1. Toward the south; southward.

2. From the south; as, the wind blows south. Bacon.

SOUTH
South, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Southed; p. pr. & vb. n. Southing.]

1. To turn or move toward the south; to veer toward the south.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: To come to the meridian; to cross the north and south line; --
said chiefly of the moon; as, the moon souths at nine.

SOUTHCOTTIAN
South*cot"ti*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Joanna Southcott (1750-1814), an Englishwoman
who, professing to have received a miraculous calling, preached and
prophesied, and committed many impious absurdities.

SOUTHDOWN
South"down`, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the South Downs, a range of pasture hills
south of the Thames, in England. Southdown sheep (Zoöl.), a
celebrated breed of shortwooled, hornless sheep, highly valued on
account of the delicacy of their flesh. So called from the South
Downs where the breed originated.

SOUTHDOWN
South"down`, n.

Defn: A Southdown sheep.

SOUTHEAST
South`east" (; by sailors sou"-), n.

Defn: The point of the compass equally distant from the south and the
east; the southeast part or region.

SOUTHEAST
South`east (; by sailors sou"-), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the southeast; proceeding toward, or coming
from, the southeast; as, a southeast course; a southeast wind.

SOUTHEASTER
South`east"er, n.

Defn: A storm, strong wind, or gale coming from the southeast.

SOUTHEASTER
South`east"er, adv.

Defn: Toward the southeast.

SOUTHEASTERN
South`east"ern, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the southeast; southeasterly.

SOUTHEASTWARD; SOUTHEASTWARDLY
South`east"ward, South`east"ward*ly, adv.

Defn: Toward the southeast.

SOUTHER
South"er, n.

Defn: A strong wind, gale, or storm from the south.

SOUTHERLINESS
South"er*li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being southerly; direction toward the
south.

SOUTHERLY
South"er*ly, a.

Defn: Southern.

SOUTHERN
South"ern, a. Etym: [AS. s. See South.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the south; situated in, or proceeding from,
the south; situated or proceeding toward the south. Southern Cross
(Astron.), a constellation of the southern hemisphere containing
several bright stars so related in position as to resemble a cross.
 -- Southern Fish (Astron.), a constelation of the southern
hemisphere (Piscis Australis) containing the bright star Fomalhaut.
 -- Southern States (U.S. Hist. & Geog.), the States of the American
Union lying south of Pennsylvania and the Ohio River, with Arkansas,
Louisiana, and Texas. Before the Civil War, Missouri also, being a
slave State, was classed as one of the Southern States.

SOUTHERN
South"ern, n.

Defn: A Southerner. [R.]

SOUTHERNER
South"ern*er, n.

Defn: An inhabitant or native of the south, esp. of the Southern
States of North America; opposed to Northerner.

SOUTHERNLINESS
South"ern*li*ness, n.

Defn: Southerliness.

SOUTHERNLY
South"ern*ly, a.

Defn: Somewhat southern.
 -- adv.

Defn: In a southerly manner or course; southward.

SOUTHERNMOST
South"ern*most`, a.

Defn: Farthest south.

SOUTHERNWOOD
South"ern*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A shrubby species of wormwood (Artemisia Abrotanum) having
aromatic foliage. It is sometimes used in making beer.

SOUTHING
South"ing, n.

1. Tendency or progress southward; as, the southing of the sun.
Emerson.

2. The time at which the moon, or other heavenly body, passes the
meridian of a place.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: Distance of any heavenly body south of the equator; south
declination; south latitude.

4. (Surv. & Navigation)

Defn: Distance southward from any point departure or of reckoning,
measured on a meridian; -- opposed to northing.

SOUTHLY
South"ly, adv.

Defn: Southerly. [Obs. & R.]

SOUTHMOST
South"most`, a.

Defn: Farthest toward the south; southernmost. [R.] Milton.

SOUTHNESS
South"ness, n.

Defn: A tendency in the end of a magnetic needle to point toward the
south pole. Faraday.

SOUTHPAW
South"paw`, a. (Baseball)

Defn: Using the left hand in pitching; said of a pitcher. [Cant]

SOUTHPAW
South"paw`, n.

Defn: A pitcher who pitches with the left hand. [Cant]

SOUTHREN
South"ren, a.

Defn: Southern. [Obs.] "I am a Southren man." Chaucer.

SOUTHRON
South"ron, n.

Defn: An inhabitant of the more southern part of a country; formerly,
a name given in Scotland to any Englishman.

SOUTHSAY
South"say`, v. i.

Defn: See Soothsay. [Obs.]

SOUTHSAYER
South"say`er, n.

Defn: See Soothsayer. [Obs.]

SOUTH; SOUTHERLY
South` south"er*ly. (Zoöl.)

Defn: the old squaw; -- so called in imitation of its cry. Called
also southerly, and southerland. See under Old.

SOUTHWARD; SOUTHWARDS
South"ward, South"wards, adv.

Defn: Toward the south, or toward a point nearer the south than the
east or west point; as, to go southward.

SOUTHWARD
South"ward, a.

Defn: Toward the south.

SOUTHWARD
South"ward, n.

Defn: The southern regions or countries; the south. Sir W. Raleigh.

SOUTHWARDLY
South"ward*ly, adv.

Defn: In a southern direction.

SOUTHWEST
South`west (; colloq. sou"-.), n.

Defn: The point of the compass equally from the south and the west;
the southwest part or region.

SOUTHWEST
South`west", a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or in the direction of, the southwest;
proceeding toward the southwest; coming from the southwest; as, a
southwest wind.

SOUTHWESTER
South`west"er (; colloq. , n.

1. A storm, gale, or strong wind from the southwest.

2. A hat made of painted canvas, oiled cloth, or the like, with a
flap at the back, -- worn in stormy weather.

SOUTHWESTERLY
South`west"er*ly, a.

Defn: To ward or from the southwest; as, a southwesterly course; a
southwesterly wind.

SOUTHWESTERN
South`west"ern, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the southwest; southwesterly; as, to sail a
southwestern course.

SOUTHWESTWARD; SOUTHWESTWARDLY
South`west"ward, South`west"ward*ly, adv.

Defn: Toward the southwest.

SOUVENANCE; SOVENAUNCE
Sou"ve*nance, So"ve*naunce, n. Etym: [F. souvenance.]

Defn: Remembrance. [Obs.]
Of his way he had no sovenance. Spenser.

SOUVENIR
Sou`ve*nir ( or ), n. Etym: [F., fr. souvenir to remember, fr. L.
subvenire to come up, come to mind; sub under + venire to come, akin
to E. come. See Come, and cf. Subvention.]

Defn: That which serves as a reminder; a remembrancer; a memento; a
keepsake.

SOVEREIGN
Sov"er*eign ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [OE. soverain, sovereyn, OF.
soverain, suvrain, F. souverain, LL. superanus, fr. L. superus that
is above, upper, higher, fr. super above. See Over, Super, and cf.
Soprano. The modern spelling is due to a supposed connection with
reign.]

1. Supreme or highest in power; superior to all others; chief; as,
our sovereign prince.

2. Independent of, and unlimited by, any other; possessing, or
entitled to, original authority or jurisdiction; as, a sovereign
state; a sovereign discretion.

3. Princely; royal. "Most sovereign name." Shak.
At Babylon was his sovereign see. Chaucer.

4. Predominant; greatest; utmost; paramount.
We acknowledge him [God] our sovereign good. Hooker.

5. Efficacious in the highest degree; effectual; controlling; as, a
sovereign remedy. Dryden.
Such a sovereign influence has this passion upon the regulation of
the lives and actions of men. South.
Sovereign state, a state which administers its own government, and is
not dependent upon, or subject to, another power.

SOVEREIGN
Sov"er*eign ( or ; 277), n.

1. The person, body, or state in which independent and supreme
authority is vested; especially, in a monarchy, a king, queen, or
emperor.
No question is to be made but that the bed of the Mississippi belongs
to the sovereign, that is, to the nation. Jefferson.

2. A gold coin of Great Britain, on which an effigy of the head of
the reigning king or queen is stamped, valued at one pound sterling,
or about $4.86.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any butterfly of the tribe Nymphalidi, or genus Basilarchia, as
the ursula and the viceroy.

Syn.
 -- King; prince; monarch; potentate; emperor.

SOVEREIGNIZE
Sov"er*eign*ize, v. i.

Defn: To exercise supreme authority. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

SOVEREIGNLY
Sov"er*eign*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sovereign manner; in the highest degree; supremely.
Chaucer.

SOVEREIGNTY
Sov"er*eign*ty, n.; pl. Sovereignties. Etym: [OE. soverainetee, OF.
sovraineté, F. souveraineté.]

Defn: The quality or state of being sovereign, or of being a
sovereign; the exercise of, or right to exercise, supreme power;
dominion; sway; supremacy; independence; also, that which is
sovereign; a sovereign state; as, Italy was formerly divided into
many sovereignties.
Woman desiren to have sovereignty As well over their husband as over
their love. Chaucer.

SOVRAN
Sov"ran, a.

Defn: A variant of Sovereign. [Poetic]
On thy bald, awful head, O sovran Blanc. Coleridge.

SOW
Sow, v. i.

Defn: To sew. See Sew. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOW
Sow, n. Etym: [OE. sowe, suwe, AS. sugu, akin to su, D. zog, zeug,
OHG. su, G. sau, Icel. syr, Dan. so, Sw. sugga, so, L. sus. Gr. "y^s,
sy^s, Zend. hu boar; probably from the root seen in Skr. su to beget,
to bear; the animal being named in allusion to its fecundity. sq.
root294. Cf. Hyena, Soil to stain, Son, Swine.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The female of swine, or of the hog kind.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sow bug.

3. (Metal.)
(a) A channel or runner which receives the rows of molds in the pig
bed.
(b) The bar of metal which remains in such a runner.
(c) A mass of solidified metal in a furnace hearth; a salamander.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A kind of covered shed, formerly used by besiegers in filling
up and passing the ditch of a besieged place, sapping and mining the
wall, or the like. Craig. Sow bread. (Bot.) See Cyclamen.
 -- Sow bug, or Sowbug (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of
terrestrial Isopoda belonging to Oniscus, Porcellio, and allied
genera of the family Oniscidæ. They feed chiefly on decaying
vegetable substances.
 -- Sow thistle Etym: [AS. sugepistel] (Bot.), a composite plant
(Sonchus oleraceus) said to be eaten by swine and some other animals.

SOW
Sow, v. t. [imp. Sowed; p. p. Sown or Sowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sowing.]
Etym: [OE. sowen, sawen, AS. sawan; akin to OFries. s, D. zaaijen,
OS. & HG. sajan, G. säen, Icel. sa, Sw. så, Dan. saae, Goth. saian,
Lith. seti, Russ. sieiate, L. serere, sevi. Cf. Saturday, Season,
Seed, Seminary.]

1. To scatter, as seed, upon the earth; to plant by strewing; as, to
sow wheat. Also used figuratively: To spread abroad; to propagate.
"He would sow some difficulty." Chaucer.
A sower went forth to sow; and when he sowed, some seeds fell by the
wayside. Matt. xiii. 3, 4.
And sow dissension in the hearts of brothers. Addison.

2. To scatter seed upon, in, or over; to supply or stock, as land,
with seeds. Also used figuratively: To scatter over; to besprinkle.
The intellectual faculty is a goodly field, . . . and it is the worst
husbandry in the world to sow it with trifles. Sir M. Hale.
[He] sowed with stars the heaven. Milton.
Now morn . . . sowed the earth with orient pearl. Milton.

SOW
Sow, v. i.

Defn: To scatter seed for growth and the production of a crop; --
literally or figuratively.
They that sow in tears shall reap in joi. Ps. cxxvi. 5.

SOWANS
Sow"ans ( or ), n. pl.

Defn: See Sowens.

SOWAR
Sow"ar, n. Etym: [Per. sawar a horseman.]

Defn: In India, a mounted soldier.

SOWBANE
Sow"bane`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The red goosefoot (Chenopodium rubrum), -- said to be fatal to
swine.

SOWCE
Sowce, n. & v.

Defn: See Souse. [Obs.]

SOWDAN
Sow"dan, n. Etym: [F. soudan. See Soldan.]

Defn: Sultan. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOWDANESSE
Sow"dan*esse`, n.

Defn: A sultaness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOWENS
Sow"ens ( or ), n. pl. Etym: [Scottish; cf. AS. seáw juice, glue,
paste.]

Defn: A nutritious article of food, much used in Scotland, made from
the husk of the oat by a process not unlike that by which common
starch is made; -- called flummery in England. [Written also sowans,
and sowins.]

SOWER
Sow"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, sows.

SOWINS
Sow"ins ( or ), n. pl.

Defn: See Sowens.

SOWL; SOWLE
Sowl, Sowle, v. t. Etym: [Cf. prov. G. zaulen, zauseln, G. zausen to
tug, drag.]

Defn: To pull by the ears; to drag about. [Obs.] hak.

SOWL
Sowl, v. i.

Defn: See Soul, v. i. [Obs.]

SOWN
Sown,

Defn: p. p. of Sow.

SOWNE
Sowne, v. t. & i.

Defn: To sound. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOWSE
Sowse, n. & v.

Defn: See Souse. [Obs.] ryden.

SOWTER
Sow"ter, n.

Defn: See Souter. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SOY
Soy, n. Etym: [Chinese shoyu.]

1. A Chinese and Japanese liquid sauce for fish, etc., made by
subjecting boiled beans (esp. soja beans), or beans and meal, to long
fermentation and then long digestion in salt and water.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The soja, a kind of bean. See Soja.

SOYLE
Soyle, v. t. Etym: [Aphetic form of assoil.]

Defn: To solve, to clear up; as, to soyl all other texts. [Obs.]
Tyndate.

SOYLE
Soyle, n. Etym: [Cf. Soil to feed.]

Defn: Prey. [Obs.] Spenser.

SOYNED
Soyn"ed ( or ), a. Etym: [F. soigner to care.]

Defn: Filled with care; anxious. [Obs.] Mir. for Mag.

SOZZLE
Soz"zle, v. t. Etym: [Freq. from soss, v.]

1. To splash or wet carelessly; as, to sozzle the feet in water.
[Local, U.S.] Bartlett.

2. To heap up in confusion. [Prov. Eng.] Forby.

SOZZLE
Soz"zle, n.

1. One who spills water or other liquids carelessly; specifically, a
sluttish woman. [Local, U.S.]

2. A mass, or heap, confusedly mingled. [Prov. Eng.]

SPA
Spa, n.

Defn: A spring or mineral water; -- so called from a place of this
name in Belgium.

SPAAD
Spaad, n. Etym: [Cf. G. spath spar. See Spar the mineral.] (Min.)

Defn: A kind of spar; earth flax, or amianthus. [Obs.] oodward.

SPACE
Space, n. Etym: [OE. space, F. espace, from L. spatium space; cf. Gr.
span. Cf. Expatiate.]

1. Extension, considered independently of anything which it may
contain; that which makes extended objects conceivable and possible.
Pure space is capable neither of resistance nor motion. Locke.

2. Place, having more or
They gave him chase, and hunted him as hare; Long had he no space to
dwell [in]. R. of Brunne.
While I have time and space. Chaucer.

3. A quantity or portion of extension; distance from one thing to
another; an interval between any two or more objects; as, the space
between two stars or two hills; the sound was heard for the space of
a mile.
Put a space betwixt drove and drove. Gen. xxxii. 16.

4. Quantity of time; an interval between two points of time;
duration; time. "Grace God gave him here, this land to keep long
space." R. of brunne.
Nine times the space that measures day and night. Milton.
God may defer his judgments for a time, and give a people a longer
space of repentance. Tillotson.

5. A short time; a while. [R.] "To stay your deadly strife a space."
Spenser.

6. Walk; track; path; course. [Obs.]
This ilke [same] monk let old things pace, And held after the new
world the space. Chaucer.

7. (print.)
(a) A small piece of metal cast lower than a face type, so as not to
receive the ink in printing, -- used to separate words or letters.
(b) The distance or interval between words or letters in the lines,
or between lines, as in books.

Note: Spaces are of different thicknesses to enable the compositor to
arrange the words at equal distances from each other in the same
line.

8. (Mus.)

Defn: One of the intervals, or open places, between the lines of the
staff. Absolute space, Euclidian space, etc. See under Absolute,
Euclidian, etc.
 -- Space line (Print.), a thin piece of metal used by printers to
open the lines of type to a regular distance from each other, and for
other purposes; a lead. Hansard.
 -- Space rule (Print.), a fine, thin, short metal rule of the same
height as the type, used in printing short lines in tabular matter.

SPACE
Space, v. i. Etym: [Cf. OF. espacier, L. spatiari. See Space, n.]

Defn: To walk; to rove; to roam. [Obs.]
And loved in forests wild to space. Spenser.

SPACE
Space, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spaced; p. pr. & vb. n. Spacong.] Etym:
[Cf. F. espacer. See Space, n.] (Print.)

Defn: To arrange or adjust the spaces in or between; as, to space
words, lines, or letters.

SPACE BAR; SPACE KEY
Space bar or key. (Mach.)

Defn: A bar or key, in a typewriter or typesetting machine, used for
spacing between letters.

SPACEFUL
Space"ful, a.

Defn: Wide; extensive. Sandys.

SPACELESS
Space"less, a.

Defn: Without space. Coleridge.

SPACIAL
Spa"cial, a.

Defn: See Spatial.

SPACIALLY
Spa"cial*ly, adv.

Defn: See Spatially. Sir W,Hamilton.

SPACIOUS
Spa"cious, a. Etym: [L. spatiousus: cf. F. spacieux. See Space, n.]

1. Extending far and wide; vast in extent. "A spacious plain
outstretched in circuit wide." Milton.

2. Inclosing an extended space; having large or ample room; not
contracted or narrow; capacious; roomy; as, spacious bounds; a
spacious church; a spacious hall.
 -- Spa"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Spa"cious*ness, n.

SPAD
Spad, n. (Mining)

Defn: A nail one or two inches long, of iron, brass, tin, or tinner
iron, with a hole through the flattened head, used to mark stations
in underground surveying.

SPADASSIN
Spa`das`sin", n. Etym: [F., fr. It. spadaccino a swordsman, from
spada a sword.]

Defn: A bravo; a bully; a duelist. Ld. Lytton.

SPADDLE
Spad"dle, n.

Defn: A little spade. [Obs.]

SPADE
Spade, n. Etym: [Cf. Spay, n.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hart or stag three years old. [Written also spaid, spayade.]

2. Etym: [Cf. L. spado.]

Defn: A castrated man or beast.

SPADE
Spade, n. Etym: [AS. spæd; spada; akin to D. spade, G. spaten, Icel.
spaedhi, Dan. & Sw. spade, L. spatha a spatula, a broad two-edged
sword, a spathe, Gr. spa`qh. Cf. Epaulet, Spade at cards, Spathe,
Spatula.]

1. An implement for digging or cutting the ground, consisting usually
of an oblong and nearly rectangular blade of iron, with a handle like
that of a shovel. "With spade and pickax armed." Milton.

2. Etym: [Sp. espada, literally, a sword; -- so caused because these
cards among the Spanish bear the figure of a sword. Sp. espada is fr.
L. spatha, Gr. spa`qh. See the Etymology above.]

Defn: One of that suit of cards each of which bears one or more
figures resembling a spade.
"Let spades be trumps!" she said. Pope.

3. A cutting instrument used in flensing a whale. Spade bayonet, a
bayonet with a broad blade which may be used digging; -- called also
trowel bayonet.
 -- Spade handle (Mach.), the forked end of a connecting rod in which
a pin is held at both ends. See Illust. of Knuckle joint, under
Knuckle.

SPADE
Spade, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Spading.]

Defn: To dig with a spade; to pare off the sward of, as land, with a
spade.

SPADEBONE
Spade"bone` (, n.

Defn: Shoulder blade. [Prov. Eng.]

SPADEFISH
Spade"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American market fish (Chætodipterus faber) common on the
southern coasts; -- called also angel fish, moonfish, and porgy.

SPADEFOOT
Spade"foot`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of burrowing toads of the genus Scaphiopus, esp. S.
Holbrookii, of the Eastern United States; -- called also spade toad.

SPADEFUL
Spade"ful, n.; pl. Spadefuls. Etym: [Spade + full.]

Defn: As much as a spade will hold or lift.

SPADER
Spad"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, spades; specifically, a digging
machine.

SPADICEOUS
Spa*di"ceous, a. Etym: [L. spadix, -icis, a date-brown or nut-brown
color. See Spadix.]

1. Of a bright clear brown or chestnut color. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing flowers on a spadix; of the nature of a spadix.

SPADICOSE
Spa"di*cose`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Spadiceous.

SPADILLE
Spa*dille", n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. espadilla, dim. of espada. See
Spade a card.] (Card Playing)

Defn: The ace of spades in omber and quadrille.

SPADIX
Spa"dix, n.; pl. L. Spadices, E. Spadixes. Etym: [L., a palm branch
broken off, with its fruit, Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A fleshy spike of flowers, usually inclosed in a leaf called a
spathe.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A special organ of the nautilus, due to a modification of the
posterior tentacles.

SPADO
Spa"do, n.; pl. Spadones. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. Same as Spade, 2.

2. (Law)

Defn: An impotent person.

SPADROON
Spa*droon", n. Etym: [Cf. F. & Sp. espadon, It. spadone. See Espadon,
Spade.]

Defn: A sword, especially a broadsword, formerly used both to cut and
thrust.

SPAE
Spae, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Spaed; p. pr. & vb. n. Spaeing.] Etym:
[Scot. spae, spay, to foretell, to divine, Icel. spa.]

Defn: To foretell; to divine. [Scot.]

SPAEMAN
Spae"man, n.

Defn: A prophet; a diviner. [Scot.]

SPAEWIFE
Spae"wife`, n.

Defn: A female fortune teller. [Scot.]

SPAGHETTI
Spa*ghet"ti, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A variety or macaroni made in tubes of small diameter.

SPAGYRIC; SPAGYRICAL
Spa*gyr"ic, Spa*gyr"ic*al, a. Etym: [LL. sparygicus, fr. Gr.
spagirique.]

Defn: Chemical; alchemical. [Obs.]

SPAGYRIC
Spa*gyr"ic, n.

Defn: A spagyrist. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

SPAGYRIST
Spag"y*rist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. spagiriste.]

1. A chemist, esp. one devoted to alchemistic pursuits. [Obs.]

2. One of a sect which arose in the days of alchemy, who sought to
discover remedies for disease by chemical means. The spagyrists
historically preceded the iatrochemists. Encyc. Brit.

SPAHI; SPAHEE
Spa"hi, Spa"hee, n. Etym: [Per., Turk., & Hind. sipahi: cf. F. spahi.
See Seroy.]

1. Formerly, one of the Turkish cavalry.

2. An Algerian cavalryman in the French army.

SPAID
Spaid, n.

Defn: See 1st Spade.

SPAKE
Spake, archaic

Defn: imp. of Speak.

SPAKENET
Spake"net`, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A net for catching crabs. Halliwell.

SPAKY
Spak"y, a.

Defn: Specky. [Obs.] hapman.

SPALDING KNIFE
Spald"ing knife`.

Defn: A spalting knife.

SPALE
Spale, n. Etym: [Cf. Spell a splinter.]

1. A lath; a shaving or chip, as of wood or stone. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]

2. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A strengthening cross timber.

SPALL
Spall, n. Etym: [OF. espaule; cf. It. spalla. See Epaule.]

Defn: The shoulder. [Obs.] Spenser.

SPALL
Spall, n. Etym: [Prov. E. spall, spell. See Spale, Spell a splinter.]

Defn: A chip or fragment, especially a chip of stone as struck off
the block by the hammer, having at least one feather-edge.

SPALL
Spall, v. t.

1. (Mining)

Defn: To break into small pieces, as ore, for the purpose of
separating from rock. Pryce.

2. (Masonry)

Defn: To reduce, as irregular blocks of stone, to an approximately
level surface by hammering.

SPALL
Spall, v. i.

Defn: To give off spalls, or wedge-shaped chips; -- said of stone, as
when badly set, with the weight thrown too much on the outer surface.

SPALPEEN
Spal"peen, n. Etym: [Ir. spailpin, fr. spailp a beau, pride, self-
conceit.]

Defn: A scamp; an Irish term for a good-for-nothing fellow; -- often
used in good-humored contempt or ridicule. [Colloq.]

SPALT
Spalt, n. Etym: [Cf. G. spaltstein, from spalten to split. See 1st
Spell.] (Metal.)

Defn: Spelter. [Colloq.]

SPALT
Spalt, a. Etym: [See 1st Spell.]

1. Liable to break or split; brittle; as, spalt timber. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

2. Heedless; clumsy; pert; saucy. [Prov. Eng.]

SPALT
Spalt, v. t. & i. Etym: [Cf. OE. spalden. See Spalt, a.]

Defn: To split off; to cleave off, as chips from a piece of timber,
with an ax. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]

SPALTING KNIFE
Spalt"ing knife`.

Defn: A knife used in splitting codfish. [Written also spalding
knife.]

SPAN
Span, archaic

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Spin.

SPAN
Span, n. Etym: [AS. spann; akin to D. span, OHG. spanna, G. spanne,
Icel. spönn. sq. root170. See Span, v. t. ]

1. The space from the thumb to the end of the little finger when
extended; nine inches; eighth of a fathom.

2. Hence, a small space or a brief portion of time.
Yet not to earth's contracted span Thy goodness let me bound. Pope.
Life's but a span; I'll every inch enjoy. Farquhar.

3. The spread or extent of an arch between its abutments, or of a
beam, girder, truss, roof, bridge, or the like, between its supports.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope having its ends made fast so that a purchase can be
hooked to the bight; also, a rope made fast in the center so that
both ends can be used.

5. Etym: [Cf. D. span, Sw. spann, Dan. spænd, G. gespann. See Span,
v. t. ]

Defn: A pair of horses or other animals driven together; usually,
such a pair of horses when similar in color, form, and action. Span
blocks (Naut.), blocks at the topmast and topgallant-mast heads, for
the studding-sail halyards.
 -- Span counter, an old English child's game, in which one throws a
counter on the ground, and another tries to hit it with his counter,
or to get his counter so near it that he can span the space between
them, and touch both the counters. Halliwell. "Henry V., in whose
time boys went to span counter for French crowns." Shak.
 -- Span iron (Naut.), a special kind of harpoon, usually secured
just below the gunwale of a whaleboat.
 -- Span roof, a common roof, having two slopes and one ridge, with
eaves on both sides. Gwilt.
 -- Span shackle (Naut.), a large bolt driven through the forecastle
deck, with a triangular shackle in the head to receive the heel of
the old-fashioned fish davit. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

SPAN
Span, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spanned; p. pr. & vb. n. Spanning.] Etym:
[AS. pannan; akin to D. & G. spannen, OHG. spannan, Sw. spänna, Dan.
spænde, Icel. spenna, and perh. to Gr. spatium space. sq. root170.
Cf. Spin, v. t., Space, Spasm.]

1. To measure by the span of the hand with the fingers extended, or
with the fingers encompassing the object; as, to span a space or
distance; to span a cylinder.
My right hand hath spanned the heavens. Isa. xiviii. 13.

2. To reach from one side of to the order; to stretch over as an
arch.
The rivers were spanned by arches of solid masonry. prescott.

3. To fetter, as a horse; to hobble.

SPAN
Span, v. i.

Defn: To be matched, as horses. [U. S.]

SPANAEMIA
Spa*næ"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A condition of impoverishment of the blood; a morbid state in
which the red corpuscles, or other important elements of the blood,
are deficient.

SPANAEMIC
Spa*næ"mic ( or ), a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to spanæmia; having impoverished blood.

SPANCEL
Span"cel, n. Etym: [Perhaps span + AS. sal a rope.]

Defn: A rope used for tying or hobbling the legs of a horse or cow.
[Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.] Grose.

SPANCEL
Span"cel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spanceled or Spancelled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Spanceling or Spancelling.]

Defn: To tie or hobble with a spancel. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]
Malone.

SPANDOGS
Span"dogs`, n. pl.

Defn: A pair of grappling dogs for hoisting logs and timber.

SPANDREL
Span"drel, n. Etym: [From Span.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: The irregular triangular space between the curve of an arch and
the inclosing right angle; or the space between the outer moldings of
two contiguous arches and a horizontal line above them, or another
arch above and inclosing them.

2. A narrow mat or passe partout for a picture. [Cant]

SPANE
Spane, v. t. Etym: [Akin to G. spänen, LG. & D. spennen, AS. spanu a
teat.]

Defn: To wean. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SPANG
Spang, v. t.

Defn: To spangle. [Obs.]

SPANG
Spang, v. i.

Defn: To spring; to bound; to leap. [Scot.]
But when they spang o'er reason's fence, We smart for't at our own
expense. Ramsay.

SPANG
Spang, n.

Defn: A bound or spring. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

SPANG
Spang, n. Etym: [AS. spange a clasp or fastening; akin to D. spang,
G. spange, OHG. spanga, Icel. spöng a spangle.]

Defn: A spangle or shining ornament. [Obs.]
With glittering spangs that did like stars appear. Spenser.

SPANGLE
Span"gle, n. Etym: [OE. spangel, dim. of AS. spange. See Spang a
spangle.]

1. A small plate or boss of shining metal; something brilliant used
as an ornament, especially when stitched on the dress.

2. Figuratively, any little thing that sparkless. "The rich spangles
that adorn the sky." Waller. Oak spangle. See under Oak.

SPANGLE
Span"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spangled; p. pr. & vb. n. Spangling.]

Defn: To set or sprinkle with, or as with, spangles; to adorn with
small, distinct, brilliant bodies; as, a spangled breastplate. Donne.
What stars do spangle heaven with such beauty Shak.
Spangled coquette (Zoöl.), a tropical humming bird (Lophornis
reginæ). See Coquette, 2.

SPANGLE
Span"gle, v. i.

Defn: To show brilliant spots or points; to glisten; to glitter.
Some men by feigning words as dark as mine Make truth to spangle, and
its rays to shine. Bunyan.

SPANGLER
Span"gler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, spangles.

SPANGLY
Span"gly, a.

Defn: Resembling, or consisting of, spangles; glittering; as, spangly
light.

SPANIARD
Span"iard, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Spain.

SPANIEL
Span"iel, n. Etym: [OF. espagneul, F. épagneul, espagnol Spanish, Sp.
españnol, fr. España Spain, from L. Hispania.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a breed of small dogs having long and thick hair and
large drooping ears. The legs are usually strongly feathered, and the
tail bushy. See Illust. under Clumber, and Cocker.

Note: There are several varieties of spaniels, some of which, known
as field spaniels, are used in hunting; others are used for toy or
pet dogs, as the Blenheim spaniel, and the King Charles spaniel (see
under Blenheim). Of the field spaniels, the larger kinds are called
springers, and to these belong the Sussex, Norfolk, and Clumber
spaniels (see Clumber). The smaller field spaniels, used in hunting
woodcock, are called cocker spaniels (see Cocker). Field spaniels are
remarkable for their activity and intelligence.
As a spaniel she will on him leap. Chaucer.

2. A cringing, fawning person. Shak.

SPANIEL
Span"iel, a.

Defn: Cringing; fawning. Shak.

SPANIEL
Span"iel, v. i.

Defn: To fawn; to cringe; to be obsequious. [R.] Churchill.

SPANIEL
Span"iel, v. t.

Defn: To follow like a spaniel. [R.]

SPANISH
Span"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Spain or the Spaniards. Spanish bayonet
(Bot.), a liliaceous plant (Yucca alorifolia) with rigid spine-tipped
leaves. The name is also applied to other similar plants of the
Southwestern United States and mexico. Called also Spanish daggers.
 -- Spanish bean (Bot.) See the Note under Bean.
 -- Spanish black, a black pigment obtained by charring cork. Ure.
 -- Spanish broom (Bot.), a leguminous shrub (Spartium junceum)
having many green flexible rushlike twigs.
 -- Spanish brown, a species of earth used in painting, having a dark
reddish brown color, due to the presence of sesquioxide of iron.
 -- Spanish buckeye (Bot.), a small tree (Ungnadia speciosa) of
Texas, New Mexico, etc., related to the buckeye, but having pinnate
leaves and a three-seeded fruit.
 -- Spanish burton (Naut.), a purchase composed of two single blocks.
A double Spanish burton has one double and two single blocks. Luce
(Textbook of Seamanship).
 -- Spanish chalk (Min.), a kind of steatite; -- so called because
obtained from Aragon in Spain.
 -- Spanish cress (Bot.), a cruciferous plant (lepidium Cadamines), a
species of peppergrass.
 -- Spanish curiew (Zoöl.), the long-billed curlew. [U.S.] -- Spanish
daggers (Bot.) See Spanish bayonet.
 -- Spanish elm (Bot.), a large West Indian tree (Cordia
Gerascanthus) furnishing hard and useful timber.
 -- Spanish feretto, a rich reddish brown pigment obtained by
calcining copper and sulphur together in closed crucibles.
 -- Spanish flag (Zoöl.), the California rockfish (Sebastichthys
rubrivinctus). It is conspicuously colored with bands of red and
white.
 -- Spanish fly (Zoöl.), a brilliant green beetle, common in the
south of Europe, used for raising blisters. See Blister beetle under
Blister, and Cantharis.
 -- Spanish fox (Naut.), a yarn twisted against its lay.
 -- Spanish grass. (Bot.) See Esparto.
 -- Spanish juice (Bot.), licorice.
 -- Spanish leather. See Cordwain.
 -- Spanish mackerel. (Zoöl.) (a) A species of mackerel (Scomber
colias) found both in Europe and America. In America called chub
mackerel, big-eyed mackerel, and bull mackerel. (b) In the United
States, a handsome mackerel having bright yellow round spots
(Scomberomorus maculatus), highly esteemed as a food fish. The name
is sometimes erroneously applied to other species. See Illust. under
Mackerel.
 -- Spanish main, the name formerly given to the southern portion of
the Caribbean Sea, together with the contiguous coast, embracing the
route traversed by Spanish treasure ships from the New to the Old
World.
 -- Spanish moss. (Bot.) See Tillandsia.
 -- Spanish needles (Bot.), a composite weed (Bidens bipinnata)
having achenia armed with needlelike awns.
 -- Spanish nut (Bot.), a bulbous plant (Iris Sisyrinchium) of the
south of Europe.
 -- Spanish potato (Bot.), the sweet potato. See under Potato.
 -- Spanish red, an ocherous red pigment resembling Venetian red, but
slightly yellower and warmer. Fairholt.
 -- Spanish reef (Naut.), a knot tied in the head of a jib-headed
sail.
 -- Spanish sheep (Zoöl.), a merino.
 -- Spanish white, an impalpable powder prepared from chalk by
pulverizing and repeated washings, -- used as a white pigment.
 -- Spanish windlass (Naut.), a wooden roller, with a rope wound
about it, into which a marline spike is thrust to serve as a lever.

SPANISH
Span"ish, n.

Defn: The language of Spain.

SPANK
Spank (, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spanked (; p. pr. & vb. n. Spanking.]
Etym: [Of unknown origin; cf. LG. spakken, spenkern, to run and
spring about quickly.]

Defn: To strike, as the breech, with the open hand; to slap.

SPANK
Spank, n.

Defn: A blow with the open hand; a slap.

SPANK
Spank, v. i.

Defn: To move with a quick, lively step between a trot and gallop; to
move quickly. Thackeray.

SPANKER
Spank"er, n.

1. One who spanks, or anything used as an instrument for spanking.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The after sail of a ship or bark, being a fore-and-aft sail
attached to a boom and gaff; -- sometimes called driver. See Illust.
under Sail. Totten.

3. One who takes long, quick strides in walking; also, a fast horse.
[Colloq.]

4. Something very large, or larger than common; a whopper, as a stout
or tall person. [Colloq.] Spanker boom (Naut.), a boom to which a
spanker sail is attached. See Illust. of Ship.

SPANKER
Spank"er, n.

Defn: A small coin. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SPANKING
Spank"ing, a.

1. Moving with a quick, lively pace, or capable of so doing; dashing.
Four spanking grays ready harnessed. G. Colman, the Younger.

2. Large; considerable. [Colloq.]

SPANKING BREEZE
Spanking breeze (Naut.),

Defn: a strong breeze.

SPANLESS
Span"less, a.

Defn: Incapable of being spanned.

SPANNER
Span"ner, n.

1. One who, or that which, spans.

2. The lock of a fusee or carbine; also, the fusee or carbine itself.
[Obs.]

3. An iron instrument having a jaw to fit a nut or the head of a
bolt, and used as a lever to turn it with; a wrench; specifically, a
wrench for unscrewing or tightening the couplings of hose.

4. pl.

Defn: A contrivance in some of the ealier steam engines for moving
the valves for the alternate admission and shutting off of the steam.

SPAN-NEW
Span"-new`, a. Etym: [Icel. spann, properly, new as a ship just
split; spann chip + n new. See Spoon, and New.]

Defn: Quite new; brand-new; fire-new. "A span-new archbishop's
chair." Fuller.

SPANNISHING
Span"nish*ing, n. Etym: [From OF. espanir to spread, F. épanou. See
Expand.]

Defn: The full blooming of a flower. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

SPANPIECE
Span"piece, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The collar of a roof; sparpiece.

SPANWORM
Span"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of any geometrid moth, as the cankeworm; a geometer;
a measuring worm.

SPAR
Spar, n. Etym: [AS. spær in spærstan chalkstone; akin to MHG. spar,
G. sparkalk plaster.] (Min.)

Defn: An old name for a nonmetallic mineral, usually cleavable and
somewhat lustrous; as, calc spar, or calcite, fluor spar, etc. It was
especially used in the case of the gangue minerals of a metalliferous
vein. Blue spar, Cube spar, etc. See under Blue, Cube, etc.

SPAR
Spar, n. Etym: [OE. sparre; akin to D. spar, G. sparren, OHG. sparro,
Dan.& Sw. sparre, Icel. sparri; of uncertain origin. Spar, v. t. ]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A general term any round piece of timber used as a mast, yard,
boom, or gaff.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Formerly, a piece of timber, in a general sense; -- still
applied locally to rafters.

3. The bar of a gate or door. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spar buoy (Naut.), a
buoy anchored by one end so that the other end rises above the
surface of the water.
 -- Spar deck (Naut.), the upper deck of a vessel; especially, in a
frigate, the deck which is continued in a straight line from the
quarter-deck to the forecastle, and on which spare spars are usually
placed. See under Deck.
 -- Spar torpedo (Naut.), a torpedo carried on the end of a spar
usually projecting from the bow of a vessel, and intended to explode
upon contact with an enemy's ships.

SPAR
Spar, v. t. Etym: [OE. sparren, AS. sparrian; akin to G. sperren,
Icel. sperra; from the noun. sq. root171. See Spara beam, bar.]

1. To bolt; to bar. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To To supply or equip with spars, as a vessel.

Note: A vessel equipped with spars that are too large or too small is
said to be oversparred or undersparred.

SPAR
Spar, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sparred; p. pr. & vb. n. Sparring.] Etym:
[Of uncertain origin; cf. OF. esparer to kick, F. éparer, or Icel.
sperra to stretch out the legs, to struggle.]

1. To strike with the feet or spurs, as cocks do.

2. To use the fists and arms scientifically in attack or defense; to
contend or combat with the fists, as for exercise or amusement; to
box.
Made believe to spar at Paul with great science. Dickens.

3. To contest in words; to wrangle. [Colloq.]

SPAR
Spar, n.

1. A contest at sparring or boxing.

2. A movement of offense or defense in boxing.

SPARABLE
Spar"a*ble, n. Etym: [Corrupted from sparrow bill.]

Defn: A kind of small nail used by shoemakers.

SPARADA
Spar"a*da, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small California surf fish (Micrometrus aggregatus); --
called also shiner.

SPARADRAP
Spar"a*drap, n. Etym: [F. sparadrap; cf. It. sparadrappo, NL.
sparadrapa.]

1. A cerecloth. [Obs.]

2. (Med.)

Defn: Any adhesive plaster.

SPARAGE; SPARAGUS; SPARAGRASS
Spar"age, Spar"a*gus, Spar"a*grass`, n.

Defn: Obs. or corrupt forms of Asparagus.

SPARBLE
Spar"ble, v. t. Etym: [OF. esparpiller to scatter, F. éparpiller.]

Defn: To scatter; to disperse; to rout. [Obs.]
The king's host was sparbled and chased. Fabyan.

SPARE
Spare, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spared; p. pr. & vb. n.n Sparing.] Etym:
[AS. sparian, fr. spær spare, sparing, saving; akin to D. & G.
sparen, OHG. spar, Icel. & Sw. spara, Dan. spare See Spare, a.]

1. To use frugally or stintingly, as that which is scarce or
valuable; to retain or keep unused; to save. "No cost would he
spare." Chaucer.
[Thou] thy Father's dreadful thunder didst not spare. Milton.
He that hath knowledge, spareth his words. Prov. xvii. 27.

2. To keep to one's self; to forbear to impart or give.
Be pleased your plitics to spare. Dryden.
Spare my sight the pain Of seeing what a world of tears it costs you.
Dryden.

3. To preserve from danger or punishment; to forbear to punish,
injure, or harm; to show mercy to.
Spare us, good Lord. Book of Common Prayer.
Dim sadness did not spare That time celestial visages. Milton.
Man alone can whom he conquers spare. Waller.

4. To save or gain, as by frugality; to reserve, as from some
occupation, use, or duty.
All the time he could spare from the necessary cares of his weighty
charge, he Knolles.

5. To deprive one's self of, as by being frugal; to do without; to
dispense with; to give up; to part with.
Where angry Jove did never spare One breath of kind and temperate
air. Roscommon.
I could have better spared a better man. Shak.
To spare one's self. (a) To act with reserve. [Obs.]
Her thought that a lady should her spare. Chaucer.
(b) To save one's self labor, punishment, or blame.

SPARE
Spare, v. i.

1. To be frugal; not to be profuse; to live frugally; to be
parsimonious.
I, who at some times spend, at others spare, Divided between
carelessness and care. Pope.

2. To refrain from inflicting harm; to use mercy or forbearance.
He will not spare in the day of vengeance. Prov. vi. 34.

3. To desist; to stop; to refrain. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SPARE
Spare, a. [Compar. Sparer; superl. Sparest; -- not used in all the
senses of the word.] Etym: [AS. spær sparing. Cf. Spare, v. t. ]

1. Scanty; not abundant or plentiful; as, a spare diet.

2. Sparing; frugal; parsimonious; chary.
He was spare, but discreet of speech. Carew.

3. Being over and above what is necessary, or what must be used or
reserved; not wanted, or not used; superfluous; as, I have no spare
time.
If that no spare clothes he had to give. Spenser.

4. Held in reserve, to be used in an emergency; as, a spare anchor; a
spare bed or room.

5. Lean; wanting flesh; meager; thin; gaunt.
O, give me the spare men, and spare me the great ones. Shak.

6. Slow. [Obs. or prov. Eng.] Grose.

SPARE
Spare, n.

1. The act of sparing; moderation; restraint. [Obs.]
Killing for sacrifice, without any spare. Holland.

2. Parsimony; frugal use. [Obs.] Bacon.
Poured out their plenty without spite or spare. Spenser.

3. An opening in a petticoat or gown; a placket. [Obs.]

4. That which has not been used or expended.

5. (Tenpins)

Defn: The right of bowling again at a full set of pins, after having
knocked all the pins down in less than three bowls. If all the pins
are knocked down in one bowl it is a double spare; in two bowls, a
single spare.

SPAREFUL
Spare"ful, a.

Defn: Sparing; chary. [Obs.] Fairfax.
 -- Spare"ful*ness, n. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

SPARELESS
Spare"less, a.

Defn: Unsparing. Sylvester.

SPARELY
Spare"ly, adv.

Defn: In a spare manner; sparingly.

SPARENESS
Spare"ness, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. spærnis frugality.]

Defn: The quality or state of being lean or thin; leanness.

SPARER
Spar"er, n.

Defn: One who spares.

SPARERIB
Spare"rib`, n. Etym: [Spare, a. + rib.]

Defn: A piece of pork, consisting or ribs with little flesh on them.

SPARGE
Sparge, v. t. Etym: [L. spargere; cf. F. asperger.]

Defn: To sprinkle; to moisten by sprinkling; as, to sparge paper.

SPARGEFACTION
Spar`ge*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. spargere to strew + facere, factum, to
make.]

Defn: The act of sprinkling. [Obs.] Swift.

SPARGER
Spar"ger, n. Etym: [Cf. F. asperger to sprinkle, L. aspergere,
spargere.]

Defn: A vessel with a perforated cover, for sprinkling with a liquid;
a sprinkler.

SPARHAWK
Spar"hawk`, n. Etym: [OE. sperhauke.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sparrow hawk. [Prov. Eng.]

SPAR-HUNG
Spar"-hung`, a.

Defn: Hung with spar, as a cave.

SPARING
Spar"ing, a.

Defn: Spare; saving; frugal; merciful. Bacon.
 -- Spar"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Spar"ing*ness, n.

SPARK
Spark, n. Etym: [OE. sparke, AS. spearca; akin to D. spark, sperk;
cf. Icel. spraka to crackle, Lith. spragëti, Gr. sph to crackle, to
thunder. Cf. Speak.]

1. A small particle of fire or ignited substance which is emitted by
a body in combustion.
Man is born unto trouble, as hte sparks fly upward. Job v. 7.

2. A small, shining body, or transient light; a sparkle.

3. That which, like a spark, may be kindled into a flame, or into
action; a feeble germ; an elementary principle. "If any spark of life
be yet remaining." Shak. "Small intellectual spark." Macaulay. "Vital
spark of heavenly flame." Pope.
We have here and there a little clear light, some sparks of bright
knowledge. Locke.
Bright gem instinct with music, vocal spark. Wordsworth.
Spark arrester, a contrivance to prevent the escape of sparks while
it allows the passage of gas, -- chiefly used in the smokestack of a
wood-burning locomotive. Called also spark consumer. [U.S.]

SPARK
Spark, n. Etym: [Icel. sparkr lively, sprightly.]

1. A brisk, showy, gay man.
The finest sparks and cleanest beaux. Prior.

2. A lover; a gallant; a beau.

SPARK
Spark, v. i.

Defn: To sparkle. [Obs.] Spenser.

SPARK
Spark, v. i.

Defn: To play the spark, beau, or lover.
A sure sign that his master was courting, or, as it is termed,
sparking, within. W. Irwing.

SPARK COIL
Spark coil. (Elec.)
 (a) An induction coil, esp. of an internal-combustion engine,
wireless telegraph apparatus, etc.
 (b) A self-induction coil used to increase the spark in an electric
gas-lighting apparatus.

SPARKER
Spark"er, n.

Defn: A spark arrester.

SPARKFUL
Spark"ful, a.

Defn: Lively; brisk; gay. [Obs.] "Our sparkful youth." Camden.

SPARK GAP
Spark gap. (Elec.)

Defn: The space filled with air or other dielectric between high
potential terminals (as of an electrostatic machine, induction coil,
or condenser), through which the discharge passes; the air gap of a
jump spark.

SPARKISH
Spark"ish, a.

1. Like a spark; airy; gay. W. Walsh.

2. Showy; well-dresed; fine. L'Estrange.

SPARKLE
Spar"kle, n. Etym: [Dim. of spark.]

1. A little spark; a scintillation.
As fire is wont to quicken and go From a sparkle sprungen amiss, Till
a city brent up is. Chaucer.
The shock was sufficiently strong to strike out some sparkles of his
fiery temper. Prescott.

2. Brilliancy; luster; as, the sparkle of a diamond.

SPARKLE
Spar"kle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sparkled; p. pr. & vb. n. Sparkling.]
Etym: [See Sparkle, n., Spark of fire.]

1. To emit sparks; to throw off ignited or incandescent particles; to
shine as if throwing off sparks; to emit flashes of light; to
scintillate; to twinkle; as, the blazing wood sparkles; the stars
sparkle.
A mantelet upon his shoulder hanging Bretful of rubies red, as fire
sparkling. Chaucer.

2. To manifest itself by, or as if by, emitting sparks; to glisten;
to flash.
I see bright honor sparkle through your eyes. Milton.

3. To emit little bubbles, as certain kinds of liquors; to
effervesce; as, sparkling wine.

Syn.
 -- To shine; glisten; scintillate; radiate; coruscate; glitter;
twinkle.

SPARKLE
Spar"kle, v. t.

Defn: To emit in the form or likeness of sparks. "Did sparkle forth
great light." Spenser.

SPARKLE
Spar"kle, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Sparble.]

1. To disperse. [Obs.]
The Landgrave hath sparkled his army without any further enterprise.
State Papers.

2. To scatter on or over. [Obs.] Purchas.

SPARKLER
Spar"kler, n.

Defn: One who scatters; esp., one who scatters money; an improvident
person. [Obs.]

SPARKLER
Spar"kler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, sparkles.

SPARKLER
Spar"kler, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tiger beetle.

SPARKLET
Spark"let, n.

Defn: A small spark. [Obs.]

SPARKLINESS
Spark"li*ness, n.

Defn: Vivacity. [Obs.] Aubrey.

SPARKLING
Spar"kling, a.

Defn: Emitting sparks; glittering; flashing; brilliant; lively; as,
sparkling wine; sparkling eyes.
 -- Spar"kling*ly, adv.
 -- Spar"kling*ness, n.

Syn.
 -- Brilliant; shining. See Shining.

SPARK PLUG
Spark plug.

Defn: In internal-combustion engines with electric ignition, a plug,
screwed into the cylinder head, having through it an insulated wire
which is connected with the induction coil or magneto circuit on the
outside, and forms, with another terminal on the base of the plug, a
spark gap inside the cylinder.

SPARLING
Spar"ling, n. Etym: [Akin to G. spierling, spiering, D. spiering: cf.
F. éperlan.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus).
(b) A young salmon.
(c) A tern. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

SPARLYRE
Spar"lyre`, n. Etym: [AS. spear-lira.]

Defn: The calf of the leg. [Obs.] Wyclif (Deut. xxviii. 35).

SPAROID
Spa"roid, a. Etym: [L. sparus the gilthead + -oid: cf. F. sparoïde.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: of or pertaining to the Sparidæ, a family of spinous-finned
fishes which includes the scup, sheepshead, and sea bream.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Sparidæ.

SPARPIECE
Spar"piece`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The collar beam of a roof; the spanpiece. Gwilt.

SPARPOIL
Spar"poil, v. t. Etym: [See Sparble.]

Defn: To scatter; to spread; to disperse. [Obs.]

SPARROW
Spar"row, n. Etym: [OE. sparwe, AS. spearwa; akin to OHG. sparo, G.
sperling, Icel. spörr, Dan. spurv, spurre, Sw. sparf, Goth. sparwa; -
- originally, probably, the quiverer or flutterer, and akin to E.
spurn. See Spurn, and cf. Spavin.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of many species of small singing birds of the family
Fringilligæ, having conical bills, and feeding chiefly on seeds. Many
sparrows are called also finches, and buntings. The common sparrow,
or house sparrow, of Europe (Passer domesticus) is noted for its
familiarity, its voracity, its attachment to its young, and its
fecundity. See House sparrow, under House.

Note: The following American species are well known; the chipping
sparrow, or chippy, the sage sparrow, the savanna sparrow, the song
sparrow, the tree sparrow, and the white-throated sparrow (see
Peabody bird). See these terms under Sage, Savanna, etc.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several small singing birds somewhat resembling the
true sparrows in form or habits, as the European hedge sparrow. See
under Hedge.
He that doth the ravens feed, Yea, providently caters for the
sparrow, Be comfort to my age! Shak.
Field sparrow, Fox sparrow, etc. See under Field, Fox, etc.
 -- Sparrow bill, a small nail; a castiron shoe nail; a sparable.
 -- Sparrow hawk. (Zoöl.) (a) A small European hawk (Accipiter nisus)
or any of the allied species. (b) A small American falcon (Falco
sparverius). (c) The Australian collared sparrow hawk (Accipiter
torquatus).

Note: The name is applied to other small hawks, as the European
kestrel and the New Zealand quail hawk.
 -- Sparrow owl (Zoöl.), a small owl (Glaucidium passerinum) found
both in the Old World and the New. The name is also applied to other
species of small owls.
 -- Sparrow spear (Zoöl.), the female of the reed bunting. [Prov.
Eng.]

SPARROWGRASS
Spar"row*grass`, n. Etym: [Corrupted from asparagus.]

Defn: Asparagus. [Colloq.] See the Note under Asparagus.

SPARROWWORT
Spar"row*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen shrub of the genus Erica (E. passerina).

SPARRY
Spar"ry, a. Etym: [From Spar.]

Defn: Resembling spar, or consisting of spar; abounding with spar;
having a confused crystalline structure; spathose. Sparry iron
(Min.), siderite. See Siderite (a).
 -- Sparry limestone (Min.), a coarsely crystalline marble.

SPARSE
Sparse, a. [Compar. Sparser; superl. Sparsest.] Etym: [L. sparsus,
p.p. of spargere to strew, scatter. Cf. Asperse, Disperse.]

1. Thinly scattered; set or planted here and there; not being dense
or close together; as, a sparse population. Carlyle.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Placed irregularly and distantly; scattered; -- applied to
branches, leaves, peduncles, and the like.

SPARSE
Sparse, v. t. Etym: [L. sparsus, p.p. of spargere to scatter.]

Defn: To scatter; to disperse. [Obs.] Spenser.

SPARSEDLY
Spars"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Sparsely. [Obs.]

SPARSELY
Sparse"ly, adv.

Defn: In a scattered or sparse manner.

SPARSENESS
Sparse"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sparse; as, sparseness of
population.

SPARSIM
Spar"sim, adv. Etym: [L., fr. spargere to scatter.]

Defn: Sparsely; scatteredly; here and there.

SPARTAN
Spar"tan, a. Etym: [L. Spartanus.]

Defn: of or pertaining to Sparta, especially to ancient Sparta;
hence, hardy; undaunted; as, Spartan souls; Spartan bravey.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Sparta; figuratively, a person of
great courage and fortitude.

SPARTEINE
Spar"te*ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A narcotic alkaloid extracted from the tops of the common broom
(Cytisus scoparius, formerly Spartium scoparium), as a colorless oily
liquid of aniline-like odor and very bitter taste.

SPARTERIE
Spar"ter*ie, n. Etym: [F., from Sp. esparto esparto, L. spartum, Gr.

Defn: Articles made of the blades or fiber of the Lygeum Spartum and
Stipa (or Macrochloa) tenacissima, kinds of grass used in Spain and
other countries for making ropes, mats, baskets, nets, and
mattresses. Loudon.

SPARTH
Sparth, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. spar.]

Defn: An Anglo-Saxon battle-ax, or halberd. [Obs.]
He hath a sparth of twenty pound of weight. Chaucer.

SPARVE
Sparve, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hedge sparrow. [Prov. Eng.]

SPARY
Spar"y, a.

Defn: Sparing; parsimonious. [Obs.]

SPASM
Spasm, n. Etym: [F. spasme, L. spasmus, Gr. Span, v. t.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: An involuntary and unnatural contraction of one or more muscles
or muscular fibers.

Note: Spasm are usually either clonic or tonic. In clonic spasm, the
muscles or muscular fibers contract and relax alternately in very
quick succession. In tonic spasm, the contraction is steady and
uniform, and continues for a comparatively long time, as in tetanus.

2. A sudden, violent, and temporary effort or emotion; as, a spasm of
repentance. Cynic spasm (Med.) See under Cynic.
 -- Spasm of the chest. See Angina pectoris, under Angina.

SPASMATICAL
Spas*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Spasmodic. [Obs.]

SPASMODIC
Spas"mod"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. spasmotique.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to spasm; consisting in spasm; occuring in, or
characterized by, spasms; as, a spasmodic asthma.

2. Soon relaxed or exhausted; convulsive; intermittent; as, spasmodic
zeal or industry. Spasmodic croup (Med.), an affection of childhood
characterized by a stoppage of brathing developed suddenly and
without fever, and produced by spasmodic contraction of the vocal
cords. It is sometimes fatal. Called also laryngismus stridulus, and
childcrowing.
 -- Spasmodic stricture, a stricture caused by muscular spasm without
structural change. See Organic stricture, under Organic.

SPASMODIC
Spas*mod"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine for spasm.

SPASMODICAL
Spas*mod"ic*al, a.

Defn: Same as Spasmodic, a.
 -- Spas*mod"ic*al*ly, adv.

SPASTIC
Spas"tic, a. Etym: [L. spasticus, Gr. spastique. See Spasm.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to spasm; spasmodic; especially, pertaining to
tonic spasm; tetanic.

SPASTICALLY
Spas"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Spasmodically.

SPASTICITY
Spas*tic"i*ty, n.

1. A state of spasm.

2. The tendency to, or capability of suffering, spasm.

SPAT
Spat,

Defn: imp. of Spit. [Obs. or R.]

SPAT
Spat, n. Etym: [From the root of spit; hence, literally, that which
is ejected.]

Defn: A young oyster or other bivalve mollusk, both before and after
it first becomes adherent, or such young, collectively.

SPAT
Spat, v. i. & t.

Defn: To emit spawn; to emit, as spawn.

SPAT
Spat, n. Etym: [Cf. Pat.]

1. A light blow with something flat. [U.S. & Prov. Eng.]

2. Hence, a petty combat, esp. a verbal one; a little quarrel,
dispute, or dissension. [U. S.]

SPAT
Spat, v. i.

Defn: To dispute. [R.] Smart.

SPAT
Spat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spatted; p. pr. & vb. n. Spatting.]

Defn: To slap, as with the open hand; to clap together; as the hands.
[Local, U.S.]
Little Isabel leaped up and down, spatting her hands. Judd.

SPATANGOID
Spa*tan"goid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Spatangoidea.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Spatangoidea.

SPATANGOIDEA
Spat`an*goi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Spatangus, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of irregular sea urchins, usually having a more or
less heart-shaped shell with four or five petal-like ambulacra above.
The mouth is edentulous and situated anteriorly, on the under side.

SPATANGUS
Spa*tan"gus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. spatangius a kind of sea urchin,
Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of heart-shaped sea urchins belonging to the
Spatangoidea.

SPATCHCOCK
Spatch"cock`, n.

Defn: See Spitchcock.

SPATE
Spate, n. Etym: [Of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. speid.]

Defn: A river flood; an overflow or inundation. Burns.
Gareth in a showerful spring Stared at the spate. Tennyson.

SPATHA
Spa"tha, n,; pl. Spathæ. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A spathe.

SPATHACEOUS
Spa*tha"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a spathe; resembling a spathe; spathal.

SPATHAL
Spa"thal, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with a spathe; as, spathal flowers. Howitt.

SPATHE
Spathe, n. Etym: [L. spatha, Gr. spathe. See Spade for digging.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A special involucre formed of one leaf and inclosing a spadix,
as in aroid plants and palms. See the Note under Bract, and Illust.
of Spadix.

Note: The name is also given to the several-leaved involucre of the
iris and other similar plants.

SPATHED
Spathed, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a spathe or calyx like a sheath.

SPATHIC
Spath"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. spathique, fr. F. & G. spath spar.]

Defn: Like spar; foliated or lamellar; spathose. Spathic iron (Min.),
siderite. See Siderite (a).

SPATHIFORM
Spath"i*form, a. Etym: [F. spathiforme.]

Defn: Resembling spar in form. "The ocherous, spathiform, and
mineralized forms of uranite." Lavoisier (Trans.).

SPATHOSE
Spath"ose`, a. (Min.)

Defn: See Spathic.

SPATHOSE
Spath"ose`, a. Etym: [See Spathe.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having a spathe; resembling a spathe; spatheceous; spathal.

SPATHOUS
Spath"ous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Spathose.

SPATHULATE
Spath"u*late, a.

Defn: See Spatulate.

SPATIAL
Spa"tial, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to space. "Spatial quantity and relations." L.
H. Atwater.

SPATIALLY
Spa"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: As regards space.

SPATIATE
Spa"ti*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. spatiatus, p.p. of spatiari, fr.
spatiatum. See Space.]

Defn: To rove; to ramble. [Obs.] Bacon.

SPATTER
Spat"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spattered; p. pr. & vb. n. Spattering.]
Etym: [From the root of spit salvia.]

1. To sprinkle with a liquid or with any wet substance, as water,
mud, or the like; to make wet of foul spots upon by sprinkling; as,
to spatter a coat; to spatter the floor; to spatter boots with mud.
Upon any occasion he is to be spattered over with the blood of his
people. Burke.

2. To distribute by sprinkling; to sprinkle around; as, to spatter
blood. Pope.

3. Fig.: To injure by aspersion; to defame; to soil; also, to throw
out in a defamatory manner.

SPATTER
Spat"ter, v. i.

Defn: To throw something out of the mouth in a scattering manner; to
sputter.
That mind must needs be irrecoverably depraved, which, . . . tasting
but once of one just deed, spatters at it, and abhors the relish ever
after. Milton.

SPATTERDASHED
Spat"ter*dashed`, a.

Defn: Wearing spatterdashes. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

SPATTERDASHES
Spat"ter*dash`es, n. pl. Etym: [Spatter + dash.]

Defn: Coverings for the legs, to protect them from water and mud;
long gaiters.

SPATTER-DOCK
Spat`ter-dock`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The common yellow water lily (Nuphar advena).

SPATTLE
Spat"tle, n.

Defn: Spawl; spittle. [Obs.] Bale.

SPATTLE
Spat"tle, n.

1. A spatula.

2. (Pottery)

Defn: A tool or implement for mottling a molded article with coloring
matter Knoght.

SPATTLING-POPPY
Spat"tling-pop"py, n. Etym: [Prov. E. spattle to spit + E. poppy.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A kind of catchfly (Silene inflata) which is sometimes frothy
from the action of captured insects.

SPATULA
Spat"u*la, n. Etym: [L. spatula, spathula, dim. of spatha a spatula:
F. spatule. See Spade for digging.]

Defn: An implement shaped like a knife, flat, thin, and somewhat
flexible, used for spreading paints, fine plasters, drugs in
compounding prescriptions, etc. Cf. Palette knife, under Palette.

SPATULATE
Spat"u*late, a. Etym: [NL. spatulatus.] (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Shaped like spatula, or like a battledoor, being roundish, with
a long, narrow, linear base. [Also written spathulate.]

SPAULD
Spauld, n. Etym: [See Spall the shoulder.]

Defn: The shoulder. [Scot.]

SPAVIN
Spav"in, n. Etym: [OE. spaveyne, OF. esparvain, F. éparvin; akin to
OF. espervier a sparrow hawk, F. épervier, fr. OHG. sparwari (G.
sperber), fr. OHG. sparo sparrow, because this disease makes the
horse raise the infirm leg in the manner of a sparrow hawk or
sparrow. See Sparrow.] (Far.)

Defn: A disease of horses characterized by a bony swelling developed
on the hock as the result of inflammation of the bones; also, the
swelling itself. The resulting lameness is due to the inflammation,
and not the bony tumor as popularly supposed. Harbaugh. Bog spavin, a
soft swelling produced by distention of the capsular ligament of the
hock; -- called also blood spavin.
 -- Bone spavin, spavin attended with exostosis; ordinary spavin.

SPAVINED
Spav"ined, a.

Defn: Affected with spavin.

SPAW
Spaw, n.

Defn: See Spa.

SPAWL
Spawl, n.

Defn: A splinter or fragment, as of wood or stone. See Spall.

SPAWL
Spawl, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. spatl, fr. spætan to spit; probably akin to
spiwan, E. spew. Cf. Spew.]

Defn: Scattered or ejected spittle.

SPAWL
Spawl, v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Spawled; p. pr. & vb. n. Spawling.]
Etym: [Cf. AS. spatlian.]

Defn: To scatter spittle from the mouth; to spit, as saliva.
Why must he sputter, spawl, and slaver it In vain, against the
people's favorite. Swift.

SPAWLING
Spawl"ing, n.

Defn: That which is spawled, or spit out.

SPAWN
Spawn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spawned; p. pr. & vb. n. Spawning.] Etym:
[OE. spanen, OF. espandre, properly, to shed, spread, L. expandere to
spread out. See Expand.]

1. To produce or deposit (eggs), as fishes or frogs do.

2. To bring forth; to generate; -- used in contempt.
One edition [of books] spawneth another. Fuller.

SPAWN
Spawn, v. i.

1. To deposit eggs, as fish or frogs do.

2. To issue, as offspring; -- used contemptuously.

SPAWN
Spawn, n. Etym: [sq. root170. See Spawn, v. t.]

1. The ova, or eggs, of fishes, oysters, and other aquatic animals.

2. Any product or offspring; -- used contemptuously.

3. (Hort.)

Defn: The buds or branches produced from underground stems.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: The white fibrous matter forming the matrix from which fungi.
Spawn eater (Zoöl.), a small American cyprinoid fish (Notropis
Hudsonius) allied to the dace.

SPAWNER
Spawn"er, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mature female fish.
The barbel, for the preservation or their seed, both the spawner and
the milter, cover their spawn with sand. Walton.

2. Whatever produces spawn of any kind.

SPAY
Spay, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Spaying.] Etym:
[Cf. Armor. spac'hein, spaza to geld, W. dyspaddu to geld, L. spado a
eunuch, Gr.

Defn: To remove or extirpate the ovaries of, as a sow or a bitch; to
castrate (a female animal).

SPAY
Spay, n. Etym: [Cf. Spade a spay, Spay, v. t.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male of the red deer in his third year; a spade.

SPAYAD; SPAYADE
Spay"ad, Spay"ade, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spay.

SPEAK
Speak, v. i. [imp. Spoke (Spake ( Archaic); p. p. Spoken (Spoke, Obs.
or Colloq.); p. pr. & vb. n. Speaking.] Etym: [OE. speken, AS.
specan, sprecan; akin to OF.ries. spreka, D. spreken, OS. spreken, G.
sprechen, OHG. sprehhan, and perhaps to Skr. sphurj to crackle, to
thunder. Cf. Spark of fire, Speech.]

1. To utter words or articulate sounds, as human beings; to express
thoughts by words; as, the organs may be so obstructed that a man may
not be able to speak.
Till at the last spake in this manner. Chaucer.
Speak, Lord; for thy servant heareth. 1 Sam. iii. 9.

2. To express opinions; to say; to talk; to converse.
That fluid substance in a few minutes begins to set, as the tradesmen
speak. Boyle.
An honest man, is able to speak for himself, when a knave is not.
Shak.
During the century and a half which followed the Conquest, there is,
to speak strictly, no English history. Macaulay.

3. To utter a speech, discourse, or harangue; to adress a public
assembly formally.
Many of the nobility made themselves popular by speaking in
Parliament against those things which were most grateful to his
majesty. Clarendon.

4. To discourse; to make mention; to tell.
Lycan speaks of a part of Cæsar's army that came to him from the
Leman Lake. Addison.

5. To give sound; to sound.
Make all our trumpets speak. Shak.

6. To convey sentiments, ideas, or intelligence as if by utterance;
as, features that speak of self-will.
Thine eye begins to speak. Shak.
To speak of, to take account of, to make mention of. Robynson (More's
Utopia).
 -- To speak out, to speak loudly and distinctly; also, to speak
unreservedly.
 -- To speak well for, to commend; to be favorable to.
 -- To speak with, to converse with. "Would you speak with me" Shak.

Syn.
 -- To say; tell; talk; converse; discourse; articulate; pronounce;
utter.

SPEAK
Speak, v. t.

1. To utter with the mouth; to pronounce; to utter articulately, as
human beings.
They sat down with him upn ground seven days and seven nights, and
none spake a word unto him. Job. ii. 13.

2. To utter in a word or words; to say; to tell; to declare orally;
as, to speak the truth; to speak sense.

3. To declare; to proclaim; to publish; to make known; to exhibit; to
express in any way.
It is my father;s muste To speak your deeds. Shak.
Speaking a still good morrow with her eyes. Tennyson.
And for the heaven's wide circuit, let it speak The maker's high
magnificence. Milton.
Report speaks you a bonny monk. Sir W. Scott.

4. To talk or converse in; to utter or pronounce, as in conversation;
as, to speak Latin.
And French she spake full fair and fetisely. Chaucer.

5. To address; to accost; to speak to.
[He will] thee in hope; he will speak thee fair. Ecclus. xiii. 6.
each village senior paused to scan And speak the lovely caravan.
Emerson.
To speak a ship (Naut.), to hail and speak to her captain or
commander.

SPEAKABLE
Speak"a*ble, a.

1. Capable of being spoken; fit to be spoken. Ascham.

2. Able to speak. Milton.

SPEAKER
Speak"er, n.

1. One who speaks. Specifically:
(a) One who utters or pronounces a discourse; usually, one who utters
a speech in public; as, the man is a good speaker, or a bad speaker.
(b) One who is the mouthpiece of others; especially, one who presides
over, or speaks for, a delibrative assembly, preserving order and
regulating the debates; as, the Speaker of the House of Commons,
originally, the mouthpiece of the House to address the king; the
Speaker of a House of Representatives.

2. A book of selections for declamation. [U. S.]

SPEAKERSHIP
Speak"er*ship, n.

Defn: The office of speaker; as, the speakership of the House of
Representatives.

SPEAKING
Speak"ing, a.

1. Uttering speech; used for conveying speech; as, man is a speaking
animal; a speaking tube.

2. Seeming to be capable of speech; hence, lifelike; as, a speaking
likeness. A speaking acquaintance, a slight acquaintance with a
person, or one which merely permits the exchange of salutations and
remarks on indifferent subjects.
 -- Speaking trumpet, an instrument somewhat resembling a trumpet, by
which the sound of the human voice may be so intensified as to be
conveyed to a great distance.
 -- Speaking tube, a tube for conveying speech, especially from one
room to another at a distance.
 -- To be on speaking terms, to be slightly acquainted.

SPEAKING
Speak"ing, n.

1. The act of uttering words.

2. Public declamation; oratory.

SPEAR
Spear, n. Etym: [OE. spere, AS. spere; akin to D. & G. speer, OS. &
OHS. sper, Icel. spjör, pl., Dan. spær, L. sparus.]

1. A long, pointed weapon, used in war and hunting, by thrusting or
throwing; a weapon with a long shaft and a sharp head or blade; a
lance.

Note: [See Illust. of Spearhead.] "A sharp ground spear." Chaucer.
They shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into
pruning hooks. Micah iv. 3.

2. Fig.: A spearman. Sir W. Scott.

3. A sharp-pointed instrument with barbs, used for stabbing fish and
other animals.

4. A shoot, as of grass; a spire.

5. The feather of a horse. See Feather, n., 4.

6. The rod to which the bucket, or plunger, of a pump is attached; a
pump rod. Spear foot, the off hind foot of a horse.
 -- Spear grass. (Bot.) (a) The common reed. See Reed, n., 1. (b)
meadow grass. See under Meadow.
 -- Spear hand, the hand in which a horseman holds a spear; the right
hand. Crabb.
 -- Spear side, the male line of a family. Lowell.
 -- Spear thistle (Bot.), the common thistle (Cnicus lanceolatus).

SPEAR
Spear, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Speared; p. pr. & vb. n. Spearing.]

Defn: To pierce with a spear; to kill with a spear; as, to spear a
fish.

SPEAR
Spear, v. i.

Defn: To shoot into a long stem, as some plants. See Spire. Mortimer.

SPEARER
Spear"er, n.

Defn: One who uses a spear; as, a spearer of fish.

SPEARFISH
Spear"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A large and powerful fish (Tetrapturus albidus) related to the
swordfish, but having scales and ventral fins. It is found on the
American coast and the Mediterranean.
(b) The carp sucker.

SPEARHEAD
Spear"head`, n.

Defn: The pointed head, or end, of a spear.

SPEARMAN
Spear"man, n.; pl. Spearmen (.

Defn: One who is armed with a spear. Acts xxiii. 23.

SPEARMINT
Spear"mint`, n. Etym: [So named from its spiry, not capitate,
inflorescence. Dr. Prior.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of mint (Mentha viridis) growing in moist soil. It
vields an aromatic oil. See Mint, and Mentha.

SPEARWOOD
Spear"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An Australian tree (Acacia Doratoxylon), and its tough wood,
used by the natives for spears.

SPEARWORT
Spear"wort`, n. Etym: [AS. sperewyrt.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several species of crowfoot (Ranunculus) which
have spear-shaped leaves.

SPEARY
Spear"y, a.

Defn: Having the form of a spear.

SPECE
Spece, n.

Defn: Species; kind. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SPECHT
Specht, n. Etym: [See Speight.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A woodpecker. [Obs. or prov. Eng.] Sherwood.

SPECIAL
Spe"cial, a. Etym: [L. specialis, fr. species a particular sort,
kind, or quality: cf. F. spécial. See Species, and cf. Especial.]

1. Of or pertaining to a species; constituting a species or sort.
A special is called by the schools a "species". I. Watts.

2. Particular; peculiar; different from others; extraordinary;
uncommon.
Our Savior is represented everywhere in Scripture as the special
patron of the poor and the afficted. Atterbury.
To this special evil an improvement of style would apply a special
redress. De Quincey.

3. Appropriate; designed for a particular purpose, occasion, or
person; as, a special act of Parliament or of Congress; a special
sermon.

4. Limited in range; confined to a definite field of action,
investigation, or discussion; as, a special dictionary of commercial
terms; a special branch of study.

5. Chief in excellence. [Obs.]
The king hath drawn The special head of all the land together. Shak.
Special administration (Law), an administration limited to certain
specified effects or acts, or one granted during a particular time or
the existence of a special cause, as during a controversy respecting
the probate of a will, or the right of administration, etc.
 -- Special agency, an agency confined to some particular matter.
 -- Special bail, Bail above, or Bail to the action (Law), sureties
who undertake that, if the defendant is convicted, he shall satisfy
the plaintiff, or surrender himself into custody. Tomlins. Wharton
(Law Dict.).
 -- Special constable. See under Constable. Bouvier.
 -- Special damage (Law), a damage resulting from the act complained
of, as a natural, but not the necessary, consequence of it.
 -- Special demurrer (Law), a demurrer for some defect of form in the
opposite party pleading, in which the cause of demurrer is
particularly stated.
 -- Special deposit, a deposit made of a specific thing to be kept
distinct from others.
 -- Special homology. (Biol.) See under Homology.
 -- Special injuction (Law), an injuction granted on special grounds,
arising of the circumstances of the case. Daniell.
 -- Special issue (Law), an issue produced upon a special plea.
Stephen.
 -- Special jury (Law), a jury consisting of persons of some
particular calling, station, or qualification, which is called upon
motion of either party when the cause is supposed to require it; a
struck jury.
 -- Special orders (Mil.), orders which do not concern, and are not
published to, the whole command, such as those relating to the
movement of a particular corps, a detail, a temporary camp, etc.
 -- Special partner, a limited partner; a partner with a limited or
restricted responsibility; -- unknown at common law.
 -- Special partnership, a limited or particular partnership; -- a
term sometimes applied to a partnership in a particular business,
operation, or adventure.
 -- Special plea in bar (Law), a plea setting forth particular and
new matter, distinguished from the general issue. Bouvier.
 -- Special pleader (Law), originally, a counsel who devoted himself
to drawing special counts and pleas; in a wider sense, a lawyer who
draws pleadings.
 -- Special pleading (Law), the allegation of special or new matter,
as distingiushed from a direct denial of matter previously alleged on
the side. Bouvier. The popular denomination of the whole science of
pleading. Stephen. The phrase is sometimes popularly applied to the
specious, but unsound, argumentation of one whose aim is victory, and
not truth. Burrill.
 -- Special property (Law), a qualified or limited ownership
possession, as in wild animals, things found or bailed.
 -- Special session, an extraordinary session; a session at an
unusual time or for an unusual purpose; as, a special session of
Congress or of a legislature.
 -- Special statute, or Special law, an act of the legislature which
has reference to a particular person, place, or interest; -- in
distinction from a general law.
 -- Special verdict (Law), a special finding of the facts of the
case, leaving to the court the application of the law to them.
Wharton (Law Dict.).

Syn.
 -- Peculiar; appropriate; specific; dictinctive; particular;
exceptional; singular. See Peculiar.

SPECIAL
Spe"cial, n.

1. A particular. [Obs.] Hammond.

2. One appointed for a special service or occasion. In special,
specially; in particular. Chaucer.

SPECIALISM
Spe"cial*ism, n.

Defn: Devotion to a particular and restricted part or branch of
knowledge, art, or science; as, medical specialism.

SPECIALIST
Spe"cial*ist, n.

Defn: One who devotes himself to some specialty; as, a medical
specialist, one who devotes himself to diseases of particular parts
of the body, as the eye, the ear, the nerves, etc.

SPECIALITY
Spe`ci*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Specialities. Etym: [See Special, and
Specialty.]

1. A particular or peculiar case; a particularity. Sir M. Hale.

2. (Law)

Defn: See Specialty, 3.

3. The special or peculiar mark or characteristic of a person or
thing; that for which a person is specially distinguished; an object
of special attention; a special occupation or object of attention; a
specialty.
On these two general heads all other specialities are depedent.
Hooker.
Strive, while improving your one talent, to enrich your whole capital
as a man. It is in this way that you escape from the wretched narrow-
mindedness which is the characteristic of every one who cultivates
his speciality. Ld. Lytton.
We 'll say, instead, the inconsequent creature man, -For that'a his
speciality. Mrs. Browning.
Think of this, sir, . . . remote from the impulses of passion, and
apart from the specialities -- if I may use that strong remark -- of
prejudice. Dickens.

4. An attribute or quality peculiar to a species.

SPECIALIZATION
Spe`cial*i*za"tion, n.

1. The act of specializing, or the state of being spezialized.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The setting spart of a particular organ for the performance of
a particular function. Darwin.

SPECIALIZE
Spe"cial*ize, v. t.

1. To mention specialy; to particularize.

2. To apply to some specialty or limited object; to assign to a
specific use; as, specialized knowledge.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: To supply with an organ or organs having a special function or
functions.

SPECIALLY
Spe"cial*ly, adv.

1. In a special manner; partcularly; especially. Chaucer.

2. For a particular purpose; as, a meeting of the legislature is
specially summoned.

SPECIALTY
Spe"cial*ty, n.; pl. Specialties. Etym: [F. spécialité. Cf.
Speciality.]

1. Particularity.
Specialty of rule hath been neglected. Shak.

2. A particular or peculiar case. [Obs.]

3. (Law)

Defn: A contract or obligation under seal; a contract by deed; a
writing, under seal, given as security for a debt particularly
specified. Chitty. Bouvier. Wharton (Law Dict.).
Let specialties be therefore drawn between us. Shak.

4. That for which a person is distinguished, in which he is specially
versed, or which he makes an object of special attention; a
speciality.
Men of boundless knowledge, like Humbold, must have had once their
specialty, their pet subject. C. Kingsley.

SPECIE
Spe"ci*e,

Defn: abl. of L. species sort, kind. Used in the phrase in specie,
that is, in sort, in kind, in (its own) form.
"[The king] expects a return in specie from them" [i. e., kindness
for kindness]. Dryden.
In specie (Law), in precise or definite form; specifically; according
to the exact terms; of the very thing.

SPECIE
Spe"cie, n. Etym: [Formed as a singular from species, in sense 5.]

Defn: Coin; hard money.

SPECIES
Spe"cies, n. sing. & pl. Etym: [L., a sight, outward appearance,
shape, form, a particular sort, kind, or quality, a species. See
Spice, n., and cf. Specie, Special.]

1. Visible or sensible presentation; appearance; a sensible percept
received by the imagination; an image. [R.] "The species of the
letters illuminated with indigo and violet." Sir I. Newton.
Wit, . . . the faculty of imagination in the writer, which searches
over all the memory for the species or ideas of those things which it
designs to represent. Dryden.

Note: In the scholastic philosophy, the species was sensible and
intelligible. The sensible species was that in any material, object
which was in fact discerned by the mind through the organ of
perception, or that in any object which rendered it possible that it
should be perceived. The sensible species, as apprehended by the
understanding in any of the relations of thought, was called an
intelligible species. "An apparent diversity between the species
visible and audible is, that the visible doth not mingle in the
medium, but the audible doth." Bacon.

2. (Logic)

Defn: A group of individuals agreeing in common attributes, and
designated by a common name; a conception subordinated to another
conception, called a genus, or generic conception, from which it
differs in containing or comprehending more attributes, and extending
to fewer individuals. Thus, man is a species, under animal as a
genus; and man, in its turn, may be regarded as a genus with respect
to European, American, or the like, as species.

3. In science, a more or less permanent group of existing things or
beings, associated according to attributes, or properties determined
by scientific observation.

Note: In mineralogy and chemistry, objects which possess the same
definite chemical structure, and are fundamentally the same in
crystallization and physical characters, are classed as belonging to
a species. In zoölogy and botany, a species is an ideal group of
individuals which are believed to have descended from common
ancestors, which agree in essential characteristics, and are capable
of indefinitely continued fertile reproduction through the sexes. A
species, as thus defined, differs from a variety or subspecies only
in the greater stability of its characters and in the absence of
individuals intermediate between the related groups.

4. A sort; a kind; a variety; as, a species of low cunning; a species
of generosity; a species of cloth.

5. Coin, or coined silver, gold, ot other metal, used as a
circulating medium; specie. [Obs.]
There was, in the splendor of the Roman empire, a less quantity of
current species in Europe than there is now. Arbuthnot.

6. A public spectacle or exhibition. [Obs.] Bacon.

7. (Pharmacy)
(a) A component part of compound medicine; a simple.
(b) (Med.) An officinal mixture or compound powder of any kind; esp.,
one used for making an aromatic tea or tisane; a tea mixture. Quincy.

8. (Civil Law)

Defn: The form or shape given to materials; fashion or shape; form;
figure. Burill. Incipient species (Zoöl.), a subspecies, or variety,
which is in process of becoming permanent, and thus changing to a
true species, usually by isolation in localities from which other
varieties are excluded.

SPECIFIABLE
Spec"i*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: Admitting specification; capable of being specified.

SPECIFIC
Spe*cif"ic, a. Etym: [F. spécifique, or NL. cpesificus; L. species a
particular sort or kind + facere to make. Cf. Specify.]

1. Of or pertaining to a species; characterizing or constituting a
species; possessing the peculiar property or properties of a thing
which constitute its species, and distinguish it from other things;
as, the specific form of an animal or a plant; the specific qualities
of a drug; the specific distinction between virtue and vice.
Specific difference is that primary attribute which distinguishes
each species from one another. I. Watts.

2. Specifying; definite, or making definite; limited; precise;
discriminating; as, a specific statement.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Exerting a peculiar influence over any part of the body;
preventing or curing disease by a peculiar adaption, and not on
general principles; as, quinine is a specific medicine in cases of
malaria.
In fact, all medicines will be found specific in the perfection of
the science. Coleridge.
Specific character (Nat. Hist.), a characteristic or characteristics
distinguishing one species from every other species of the same
genus.
 -- Specific disease (Med.) (a) A disease which produces a
determinate definite effect upon the blood and tissues or upon some
special tissue. (b) A disease which is itself uniformly produced by a
definite and peculiar poison or organism.
 -- Specific duty. (Com.) See under Duty.
 -- Specific gravity. (Physics) See under Gravity.
 -- Specific heat (Physics), the quantity of heat required to raise
temperature of a body one degree, taking as the unit of measure the
quantity required to raise the same weight of water from zero to one
degree; thus, the specific heat of mercury is 0.033, that of water
being 1.000.
 -- Specific inductive capacity (Physics), the effect of a dielectric
body in producing static electric induction as compared with that of
some other body or bodies referred to as a standard.
 -- Specific legacy (Law), a bequest of a particular thing, as of a
particular animal or piece of furniture, specified and distinguished
from all others. Wharton. Burrill.
 -- Specific name (Nat., Hist.), the name which, appended to the name
of the genus, constitutes the distinctive name of the species; --
originally applied by Linnæus to the essential character of the
species, or the essential difference. The present specific name he at
first called the trivial name.
 -- Specific performance (Law), the peformance of a contract or
agreement as decreed by a court of equity.

SPECIFIC
Spe*cif"ic, n.

1. (Med.)

Defn: A specific remedy. See Specific, a., 3.
His parents were weak enough to believe that the royal touch was a
specific for this malady. Macaulay.

2. Anything having peculiar adaption to the purpose to which it is
applied. Dr. H. More.

SPECIFICAL
Spe*cif"ic*al, a.

Defn: Specific. Bacon.

SPECIFICALLY
Spe*cif"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a specific manner.

SPECIFICALNESS
Spe*cif"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being specific.

SPECIFICATE
Spe*cif"i*cate, v. t. Etym: [See Specify.]

Defn: To show, mark, or designate the species, or the distinguishing
particulars of; to specify. [Obs.] ir M. Hale.

SPECIFICATION
Spec`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. spécification, LL. specificatio.]

1. The act of specifying or determining by a mark or limit; notation
of limits.
This specification or limitation of the question hinders the
disputers from wandering away from the precise point of inquiry. I.
Watts.

2. The designation of particulars; particular mention; as, the
specification of a charge against an officer.

3. A written statement containing a minute description or enumeration
of particulars, as of charges against a public officer, the terms of
a contract, the description of an invention, as in a patent; also, a
single article, item, or particular, an allegation of a specific act,
as in a charge of official misconduct.

SPECIFICNESS
Spe*cif"ic*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being specific.

SPECIFY
Spec"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Specified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Specifying.] Etym: [F. spécifier, or OF. especifier, fr. LL.
specificare. See Species, -fy.]

Defn: To mention or name, as a particular thing; to designate in
words so as to distinguish from other things; as, to specify the uses
of a plant; to specify articles purchased.
He has there given us an exact geography of Greece, where the
countries and the uses of their soils are specified. Pope.

SPECILLUM
Spe*cil"lum, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: See Stylet, 2.

SPECIMEN
Spec"i*men, n. Etym: [L., fr. specere to look, to behold. See Spy.]

Defn: A part, or small portion, of anything, or one of a number of
things, intended to exhibit the kind and quality of the whole, or of
what is not exhibited; a sample; as, a specimen of a man's
handwriting; a specimen of painting; aspecimen of one's art.

Syn.
 -- Sample; model; pattern.
 -- Specimen, Sample. A specimen is a representative of the class of
things to which it belongs; as, a specimen of photography. A sample
is a part of the thing itself, designed to show the quality of the
whole; as, a sample of sugar or of broadcloth. A cabinet of minerals
consists of specimens; if a part be broken off from any one of these,
it is a sample of the mineral to which it belongs. "Several persons
have exhibited specimens of this art before multitudes of beholders."
Addison. "I design this but for a sample of what I hope more fully to
discuss." Woodward.

SPECIOSITY
Spe`ci*os"i*ty, n.; pl. Speciocities. Etym: [Cf. LL. speciositas.]

1. The quality or state of being specious; speciousness.
Professions built so largely on speciosity, instead of performance.
Carlyle.

2. That which is specious. Dr. H. More.

SPECIOUS
Spe"cious, a. Etym: [L. speciosusgood-looking, beautiful, specious,
fr. species look, show, appearance; cf. F. spécoeux. See Species.]

1. Presenting a pleasing appearance; pleasing in form or look; showy.
Some [serpents] specious and beautiful to the eye. Bp. Richardson.
The rest, far greater part, Will deem in outward rites and specious
forms Religion satisfied. Milton.

2. Apparently right; superficially fair, just, or correct, but not so
in reality; appearing well at first view; plausible; as, specious
reasoning; a specious argument.
Misled for a moment by the specious names of religion, liberty, and
property. Macaulay.
In consequence of their greater command of specious expression. J.
Morley.

Syn.
 -- Plausible; showy; ostensible; colorable; feasible. See Plausible.
 -- Spe"xious*ly, adv.
 -- Spe"cious*ness, n.

SPECK
Speck, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. spik blubber, AS. spic, D. spek, G.
speck.]

Defn: The blubber of whales or other marine mammals; also, the fat of
the hippopotamus. Speck falls (Naut.), falls or ropes rove through
blocks for hoisting the blubber and bone of whales on board a whaling
vessel.

SPECK
Speck, n. Etym: [OE. spekke, AS. specca; cf. LG. spaak.]

1. A small discolored place in or on anything, or a small place of a
color different from that of the main substance; a spot; a stain; a
blemish; as, a speck on paper or loth; specks of decay in fruit.
"Gray sand, with black specks." Anson.

2. A very small thing; a particle; a mite; as, specks of dust; he has
not a speck of money.
Many bright specks bubble up along the blue Egean. Landor.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small etheostomoid fish (Ulocentra stigmæa) common in the
Eastern United States.

SPECK
Speck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Specked; p. pr. & vb. n. Specking.]

Defn: To cause the presence of specks upon or in, especially specks
regarded as defects or blemishes; to spot; to speckle; as, paper
specked by impurities in the water used in its manufacture.
Carnation, purple, azure, or specked with gold. Milton.

SPECKLE
Spec"kle, n. Etym: [Dim. of speck; cf. D. spikkel.]

Defn: A little or spot in or anything, of a different substance or
color from that of the thing itself.
An huge great serpent, all with speckles pied. Spebser.

SPECKLE
Spec"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Speckled; p. pr. & vb. n. Speckling.]

Defn: To mark with small spots of a different color from that of the
rest of the surface; to variegate with spots of a different color
from the ground or surface.

SPECKLED
Spec"kled, a.

Defn: Marked or variegated with small spots of a different color from
that of the rest of the surface. Speckled Indians (Ethnol.), the
Pintos.
 -- Speckled trout. (Zoöl.) (a) The common American brook trout. See
Trout. (b) The rainbow trout.

SPECKLED-BELLY
Spec"kled-bel`ly, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gadwall. [Local, U.S.]

SPECKLED-BILL
Spec"kled-bill", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons).

SPECKLEDNESS
Spec"kled*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being speckled.

SPECKSIONEER
Speck`sion*eer", n.

Defn: The chief harpooner, who also directs in cutting up the speck,
or blubber; -- so called among whalers.

SPECKT
Speckt, n.

Defn: A woodpecker. See Speight.

SPECTACLE
Spec"ta*cle, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. spectaculum, fr. spectare to look
at, to behold, v. intens. fr. specere. See Spy.]

1. Something exhibited to view; usually, something presented to view
as extraordinary, or as unusual and worthy of special notice; a
remarkable or noteworthy sight; a show; a pageant; a gazingstock.
O, piteous spectacle O, bloody times! Shak.

2. A spy-glass; a looking-glass. [Obs.]
Poverty a spectacle is, as thinketh me, Through which he may his very
friends see. Chaucer.

3. pl.

Defn: An optical instrument consisting of two lenses set in a light
frame, and worn to assist sight, to obviate some defect in the organs
of vision, or to shield the eyes from bright light.

4. pl.

Defn: Fig.: An aid to the intellectual sight.
Shakespeare . . . needed not the spectacles of books to read nature.
Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Show; sight; exhibition; representation; pageant.

SPECTACLED
Spec"ta*cled, a.

1. Furnished with spectacles; wearing spectacles.
As spectacled she sits in chimney nook. Keats.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the eyes surrounded by color markings, or patches of
naked skin, resembling spectacles. Spectacled bear (Zoöl.), a South
American bear (Tremarclos ornatus) which inhabits the high mountains
of Chili and Peru. It has a light-colored ring around each eye.
 -- Spectacled coot, or Spectacled duck (Zoöl.), the surf scoter, or
surf duck. [Local, U.S.] -- Spectacled eider (Zoöl.) See Eider.
 -- Spectacled goose (Zoöl.), the gannet.
 -- Spectacled snake (Zoöl.), the cobra de capello.

SPECTACULAR
Spec*tac"u*lar, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a shows; of the nature of a show. "Spectacular
sports." G. Hickes.

2. Adapted to excite wonder and admiration by a display of pomp or of
scenic effects; as, a spectacular celebration of some event; a
spectacular play.

3. Pertaining to spectacles, or glasses for the eyes.

SPECTANT
Spec"tant, a. Etym: [L. spectans, p.pr. of spectare to look at.]

Defn: Looking forward.

SPECTATION
Spec*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. spectatio.]

Defn: Regard; aspect; appearance. Harvey.

SPECTATOR
Spec*ta"tor, n. Etym: [L. spectator: cf. F. spectateur. See
Spectacle.]

Defn: One who on; one who sees or beholds; a beholder; one who is
personally present at, and sees, any exhibition; as, the spectators
at a show. "Devised and played to take spectators." Shak.

Syn.
 -- Looker-on; beholder; observer; witness.

SPECTATORIAL
Spec`ta*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a spectator. Addison.

SPECTATORSHIP
Spec*ta"tor*ship, n.

1. The office or quality of a spectator. [R.] Addison.

2. The act of beholding. [Obs.] Shak.

SPECTATRESS; SPECTATRIX
Spec*ta"tress, Spec*ta"trix, n. Etym: [L. spectatrix.]

Defn: A female beholder or looker-on. "A spectatress of the whole
scene." Jeffrey.

SPECTER; SPECTRE
Spec"ter, Spec"tre, n. Etym: [F. spectre, fr. L. spectrum an
appearance, image, specter, fr. specere to look. See Spy, and cf.
Spectrum.]

1. Something preternaturally visible; an apparition; a ghost; a
phantom.
The ghosts of traitors from the bridge descend, With bold fanatic
specters to rejoice. Dryden.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The tarsius.
(b) A stick insect. Specter bat (Zoöl.), any phyllostome bat.
 -- Specter candle (Zoöl.), a belemnite.
 -- Specter shrimp (Zoöl.), a skeleton shrimp. See under Skeleton.

SPECTIONEER
Spec`tion*eer", n.

Defn: Same as Specsioneer.

SPECTRAL
Spec"tral, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a specter; ghosty.
He that feels timid at the spectral form of evil is not the man to
spread light. F. W. Robertson.

2. (Opt.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the spectrum; made by the spectrum; as,
spectral colors; spectral analysis. Spectral lemur. (Zoöl.) See
Tarsius.

SPECTRALLY
Spec"tral*ly, adv.

Defn: In the form or manner of a specter.

SPECTRE
Spec"tre, n.

Defn: See Specter.

SPECTROBOLOMETER
Spec`tro*bo*lom"e*ter, n. (Physics)

Defn: A combination of spectroscope and bolometer for determining the
distribution of energy in a spectrum. --Spec`tro*bo`lo*met"ric (#),
a.

SPECTROELECTRIC
Spec`tro*e*lec"tric, a.

Defn: Pert. to or designating any form of spark tube the electric
discharge within which is used in spectroscopic observations.

SPECTROGRAM
Spec"tro*gram, n.  [Spectrum + -gram.] (Physics)

Defn: A photograph, map, or diagram of a spectrum.

SPECTROGRAPH
Spec"tro*graph, n.  [Spectrum + graph.] (Physics)
 (a) An apparatus for photographing or mapping a spectrum.
 (b) A photograph or picture of a spectrum. -- Spec`tro*graph"ic (#),
a. --Spec`tro*graph"ic*al*ly (#), adv. --Spec*trog"ra*phy (#), n.

SPECTROHELIOGRAM
Spec`tro*he"li*o*gram`, n. [Spectrum + heloi- + -gram.]
(Astrophysics)

Defn: A photograph of the sun made by monochromatic light, usually of
the calcium line (k), and showing the sun's faculæ and prominences.

SPECTROHELIOGRAPH
Spec`tro*he"li*o*graph, n. (Astrophysics)

Defn: An apparatus for making spectroheliograms, consisting of a
spectroscopic camera used in combination with a telescope, and
provided with clockwork for moving the  sun's image across the slit.
-- Spec`tro*he`li*o*graph"ic (#), a.

SPECTROLOGICAL
Spec`tro*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to spectrology; as, spectrological studies or
experiments.
 -- Spec`tro*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

SPECTROLOGY
Spec*trol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Spectrum + -logy.] (Chem.Phys.)

Defn: The science of spectrum analysis in any or all of its relations
and applications.

SPECTROMETER
Spec*trom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Spectrum + -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: A spectroscope fitted for measurements of the luminious spectra
observed with it.

SPECTROMETRY
Spec*trom"e*try, n. (Physics)

Defn: Art or process of using the spectrometer, or of measuring wave
lengths of rays of a spectrum. -- Spec`tro*met"ric (#), a.

SPECTROPHONE
Spec"tro*phone, n.  [Spectrum + Gr.  sound.]

Defn: An instrument constructed on the principle of the photophone
and used in spectrum analysis as an adjunct to the spectroscope. --
Spec`tro*phon"ic (#), a.

SPECTROPHOTOMETER
Spec`tro*pho*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Spectrum + photometer.] (Opt.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring or comparing the intensites of the
colors of the spectrum.

SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Spec`tro*pho*tom"e*try, n.

Defn: The art of comparing, photometrically, the brightness of two
spectra, wave length by wave length; the use of the
spectrophotometer. --Spec`tro*pho`to*met"ric (#), a.

SPECTROSCOPE
Spec"tro*scope, n. Etym: [Spectrum + -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An optical instrument for forming and examining spectra (as
that of solar light, or those produced by flames in which different
substances are volatilized), so as to determine, from the position of
the spectral lines, the composition of the substance.

SPECTROSCOPIC; SPECTROSCOPICAL
Spec`tro*scop"ic, Spec`tro*scop"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a spectroscope, or spectroscopy.
 -- Spec`tro*scop"ic*al*ly, adv.

SPECTROSCOPIST
Spec*tros"co*pist ( or ), n.

Defn: One who investigates by means of a spectroscope; one skilled in
the use of the spectroscope.

SPECTROSCOPY
Spec*tros"co*py, n.

Defn: The use of the spectroscope; investigations made with the
spectroscope.

SPECTRUM
Spec"trum, n.; pl. Spectra. Etym: [L. See Specter.]

1. An apparition; a specter. [Obs.]

2. (Opt.)
(a) The several colored and other rays of which light is composed,
separated by the refraction of a prism or other means, and observed
or studied either as spread out on a screen, by direct vision, by
photography, or otherwise. See Illust. of Light, and Spectroscope.
(b) A luminous appearance, or an image seen after the eye has been
exposed to an intense light or a strongly illuminated object. When
the object is colored, the image appears of the complementary color,
as a green image seen after viewing a red wafer lying on white paper.
Called also ocular spectrum. Absorption spectrum, the spectrum of
light which has passed through a medium capable of absorbing a
portion of the rays. It is characterized by dark spaces, bands, or
lines.
 -- Chemical spectrum, a spectrum of rays considered solely with
reference to their chemical effects, as in photography. These, in the
usual photogrophic methods, have their maximum influence at and
beyond the violet rays, but are not limited to this region.
 -- Chromatic spectrum, the visible colored rays of the solar
spectrum, exhibiting the seven principal colors in their order, and
covering the central and larger portion of the space of the whole
spectrum.
 -- Continous spectrum, a spectrum not broken by bands or lines, but
having the colors shaded into each other continously, as that from an
incandescent solid or liquid, or a gas under high pressure.
 -- Diffraction spectrum, a spectrum produced by diffraction, as by a
grating.
 -- Gaseous spectrum, the spectrum of an incandesoent gas or vapor,
under moderate, or especially under very low, pressure. It is
characterized by bright bands or lines.
 -- Normal spectrum, a representation of a spectrum arranged upon
conventional plan adopted as standard, especially a spectrum in which
the colors are spaced proportionally to their wave lengths, as when
formed by a diffraction grating.
 -- Ocular spectrum. See Spectrum, 2 (b), above.
 -- Prismatic spectrum, a spectrum produced by means of a prism.
 -- Solar spectrum, the spectrum of solar light, especially as thrown
upon a screen in a darkened room. It is characterized by numerous
dark lines called Fraunhofer lines.
 -- Spectrum analysis, chemical analysis effected by comparison of
the different relative positions and qualities of the fixed lines of
spectra produced by flames in which different substances are burned
or evaporated, each substance having its own characteristic system of
lines.
 -- Thermal spectrum, a spectrum of rays considered solely with
reference to their heating effect, especially of those rays which
produce no luminous phenomena.

SPECULAR
Spec"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. specularis (cf., from the same root, specula
a lookout, watchtower): cf. F. spéculaire. See Speculum.]

1. Having the qualities of a speculum, or mirror; having a smooth,
reflecting surface; as, a specular metal; a specular surface.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a speculum; conducted with the aid of a
speculum; as, a specular examination.

3. Assisting sight, as a lens or the like. [Obs.]
Thy specular orb Apply to well-dissected kernels; lo! In each observe
the slender threads Of first-beginning trees. J. Philips.

4. Affording view. [R.] "Look once more, ere we leave this specular
mount." Milton. Specular iron. (Min.) See Hematite.

SPECULATE
Spec"u*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Speculated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Speculating.] Etym: [L. speculatus, p.p. of speculari to spy out,
observe, fr. specula a lookout, fr. specere to look. See Spy.]

1. To consider by turning a subject in the mind, and viewing it in
its different aspects and relations; to meditate; to contemplate; to
theorize; as, to speculate on questions in religion; to speculate on
political events.
It is remarkable that persons who speculate the most boldly often
conform with the most pefect quietude to the external regulations of
society. Hawthorne.

2. (Philos.)

Defn: To view subjects from certain premises given or assumed, and
infer conclusions respecting them a priori.

3. (Com.)

Defn: To purchase with the expectation of a contingent advance in
value, and a consequent sale at a profit; -- often, in a somewhat
depreciative sense, of unsound or hazardous transactions; as, to
speculate in coffee, in sugar, or in bank stock.

SPECULATE
Spec"u*late, v. t.

Defn: To consider attentively; as, to speculate the nature of a
thing. [R.] Sir W. Hamilton.

SPECULATION
Spec`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. speculatio a spying out, observation:
cf. F. spéculation.]

1. The act of speculating. Specifically: --
(a) Examination by the eye; view. [Obs.]
(b) Mental view of anything in its various aspects and relations;
contemplation; intellectual examination.
Thenceforth to speculations high or deep I turned my thoughts.
Milton.
(c) (Philos.)

Defn: The act or process of reasoning a priori from premises given or
assumed.
(d) (Com.) The act or practice of buying land, goods, shares, etc.,
in expectation of selling at a higher price, or of selling with the
expectation of repurchasing at a lower price; a trading on
anticipated fluctuations in price, as distinguished from trading in
which the profit expected is the difference between the retail and
wholesale prices, or the difference of price in different markets. 1
year) is considered investment.
Sudden fortunes, indeed, are sometimes made in such places, by what
is called the trade of speculation. A. Smith.
Speculation, while confined within moderate limits, is the agent for
equalizing supply and demand, and rendering the fluctuations of price
less sudden and abrupt than they would otherwise be. F. A. Walker.

(e) Any business venture in involving unusual risks, with a chance
for large profits.

2. A conclusion to which the mind comes by speculating; mere theory;
view; notion; conjecture.
From him Socrates derived the principles of morality, and most part
of his natural speculations. Sir W. temple.
To his speculations on these subjects he gave the lofty name of the
"Oracles of Reason." Macaulay.

3. Power of sight. [Obs.]
Thou hast no speculation in those eyes. Shak.

4. A game at cards in which the players buy from one another trumps
or whole hands, upon a chance of getting the highest trump dealt,
which entitles the holder to the pool of stakes.

SPECULATIST
Spec"u*la*tist, n.

Defn: One who speculates, or forms theories; a speculator; a
theorist.
The very ingenious speculatist, Mr. Hume. V. Knox.

SPECULATIVE
Spec"u*la*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. spéculatif, L. speculativus.]

1. Given to speculation; contemplative.
The mind of man being by nature speculative. Hooker.

2. Involving, or formed by, speculation; ideal; theoretical; not
established by demonstration. Cudworth.

3. Of or pertaining to vision; also, prying; inquisitive; curious.
[R.] Bacon.

4. Of or pertaining to speculation in land, goods, shares, etc.; as,
a speculative dealer or enterprise.
The speculative merchant exercises no one regular, established, or
well-known branch of business. A. Smith.
-- Spec"u*la*tive*ly, adv.
 -- Spec"u*la*tive*ness, n.

SPECULATOR
Spec"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [L., a spy, explorer, investigator: cf. F.
spéculateur.]

Defn: One who speculates. Specifically: (a) An observer; a
contemplator; hence, a spy; a watcher. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
(b) One who forms theories; a theorist.
A speculator who had dared to affirm that the human soul is by nature
mortal. Macaulay.
(c) (Com.)

Defn: One who engages in speculation; one who buys and sells goods,
land, etc., with the expectation of deriving profit from fluctuations
in price.

SPECULATORIAL
Spec`u*la*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Speculatory; speculative. [Obs.]

SPECULATORY
Spec"u*la*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. speculatorius belonging to spies or
scouts.]

1. Intended or adapted for viewing or espying; having oversight. T.
Warton.

2. Exercising speculation; speculative. T. Carew.

SPECULIST
Spec"u*list, n.

Defn: One who observes or considers; an observer. [R.] Goldsmith.

SPECULUM
Spec"u*lum, n.; pl. L. Specula, E. Speculum. Etym: [L., fr. specere
to look, behold. See Spy.]

1. A mirror, or looking-glass; especially, a metal mirror, as in
Greek and Roman archæology.

2. A reflector of polished metal, especially one used in reflecting
telescopes. See Speculum metal, below.

3. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for dilating certain passages of the body, and
throwing light within them, thus facilitating examination or surgical
operations.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bright and lustrous patch of color found on the wings of
ducks and some other birds. It is usually situated on the distal
portions of the secondary quills, and is much more brilliant in the
adult male than in the female. Speculum metal, a hard, brittle alloy
used for making the reflectors of telescopes and other instruments,
usually consisting of copper and tin in various proportions, one of
the best being that in which there are 126.4 parts of copper to 58.9
parts of tin, with sometimes a small proportion of arsenic, antimony,
or zinc added to improve the whiteness.

SPED
Sped,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Speed.

SPEECE
Speece, n.

Defn: Species; sort. [Obs.]

SPEECH
Speech, n. Etym: [OE. speche, AS. sp, spr, fr. specan, sprecan, to
speak; akin to D. spraak speech, OHG. sprahha, G. sprache, Sw. spr,
Dan. sprog. See Speak.]

1. The faculty of uttering articulate sounds or words; the faculty of
expressing thoughts by words or articulate sounds; the power of
speaking.
There is none comparable to the variety of instructive expressions by
speech, wherewith man alone is endowed for the communication of his
thoughts. Holder.

2. he act of speaking; that which is spoken; words, as expressing
ideas; language; conversation.

Note: Speech is voice modulated by the throat, tongue, lips, etc.,
the modulation being accomplished by changing the form of the cavity
of the mouth and nose through the action of muscles which move their
walls.
O goode God! how gentle and how kind Ye seemed by your speech and
your visage The day that maked was our marriage. Chaucer.
The acts of God . . . to human ears Can nort without process of
speech be told. Milton.

3. A particular language, as distinct from others; a tongue; a
dialect.
People of a strange speech and of an hard language. Ezek. iii. 6.

4. Talk; mention; common saying.
The duke . . . did of me demand What was the speech among the
Londoners Concerning the French journey. Shak.

5. formal discourse in public; oration; harangue.
The constant design of these orators, in all their speeches, was to
drive some one particular point. Swift.

6. ny declaration of thoughts.
I. with leave of speech implored, . . . replied. Milton.

Syn. Harangue; language; address; oration. See Harangue, and
Language.

SPEECH
Speech, v. i. & t.

Defn: To make a speech; to harangue. [R.]

SPEECHFUL
Speech"ful, a.

Defn: Full of speech or words; voluble; loquacious. [R.]

SPEECHIFICATION
Speech`i*fi*ca"tion, n.Etym: [See Spechify.]

Defn: The act of speechifying. [Used humorously or in contempt.]

SPEECHIFIER
Speech"i*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who makes a speech or speeches; an orator; a declaimer.
[Used humorously or in contempt.] G. Eliot.

SPEECHIFY
Speech"i*fy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Speechified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Speechifying.] Etym: [Speech + -fy.]

Defn: To make a speech; to harangue. [Used derisively or humorously.]

SPEECHIFYING
Speech"i*fy`ing, n.

Defn: The act of making a speech or speeches. [Used derisively or
humorously.]
The dinner and speechifying . . . at the opening of the annual season
for the buckhounds. M. Arnold.

SPEECHING
Speech"ing, n.

Defn: The act of making a speech. [R.]

SPEECHLESS
Speech"less, a.

1. Destitute or deprived of the faculty of speech.

2. Not speaking for a time; dumb; mute; silent.
Speechless with wonder, and half dead with fear. Addison.
-- Speech"less*ly, adv.
 -- Speech"less*ness, n.

SPEECHMAKER
Speech"mak`er, n.

Defn: One who makes speeches; one accustomed to speak in a public
assembly.

SPEED
Speed, n. Etym: [AS. sp success, swiftness, from sp to succeed; akin
to D. spoedd, OHG. spuot success, spuot to succees, Skr. spha to
increase, grow fat. sq. root170b.]

1. Prosperity in an undertaking; favorable issue; success. "For
common speed." Chaucer.
O Lord God of my master Abraham, I pray thee, send me good speed this
day. Gen. xxiv. 12.

2. The act or state of moving swiftly; swiftness; velocity; rapidly;
rate of motion; dispatch; as, the speed a horse or a vessel.
Speed, to describe whose swiftness number fails. Milton.

Note: In kinematics, speedis sometimes used to denote the amount of
velocity without regard to direction of motion, while velocity is not
regarded as known unless both the direction and the amount are known.

3. One who, or that which, causes or promotes speed or success.
[Obs.] "Hercules be thy speed!" Shak. God speed, Good speed;
prosperity. See Godspeed.
 -- Speed gauge, Speed indicator, and Speed recorder (Mach.), devices
for indicating or recording the rate of a body's motion, as the
number of revolutions of a shaft in a given time.
 -- Speed lathe (Mach.), a power lathe with a rapidly revolving
spindle, for turning small objects, for polishing, etc.; a hand
lathe.
 -- Speed pulley, a cone pulley with steps.

Syn.
 -- Haste; swiftness; celerity; quickness; dispatch; expedition;
hurry; acceleration. See Haste.

SPEED
Speed, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sped, Speeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Speeding.]
Etym: [AS. sp, fr. sp, n.; akin to D. spoeden, G. sich sputen. See
Speed, n.]

1. To go; to fare. [Obs.]
To warn him now he is too farre sped. Remedy of Love.

2. To experience in going; to have any condition, good or ill; to
fare. Shak.
Ships heretofore in seas lke fishes sped; The mightiest still upon
the smallest fed. Waller.

3. To fare well; to have success; to prosper.
Save London, and send true lawyers their meed! For whoso wants money
with them shall not speed! Lydgate.
I told ye then he should prevail, and speed On his bad errand.
Milton.

4. To make haste; to move with celerity.
I have speeded hither with the very extremest inch of possibility.
Shak.

5. To be expedient. [Obs.] Wyclif (2 Cor. xii. 1.)

SPEED
Speed, v. t.

1. To cause to be successful, or to prosper; hence, to aid; to favor.
"Fortune speed us!" Shak.
With rising gales that speed their happy flight. Dryden.

2. To cause to make haste; to dispatch with celerity; to drive at
full speed; hence, to hasten; to hurry.
He sped him thence home to his habitation. Fairfax.

3. To hasten to a conclusion; to expedite.
Judicial acts . . . are sped in open court at the instance of one or
both of the parties. Ayliffe.

4. To hurry to destruction; to put an end to; to ruin; to undo. "Sped
with spavins." Shak.
A dire dilemma! either way I 'm sped. If foes, they write, if
friends, they read, me dead. Pope.

5. To wish success or god fortune to, in any undertaking, especially
in setting out upon a journey.
Welkome the coming, speed the parting guest. Pope.
God speed you, them, etc., may God speed you; or, may you have good
speed.

Syn.
 -- To depatch; hasten; expedite; accelerate; hurry.

SPEED COUNTER
Speed counter. (Mach.)

Defn: A device for automatically counting the revolutions or
pulsations of an engine or other machine; -- called also simply
counter.

SPEEDER
Speed"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, speeds.

2. (Spinning)

Defn: A machine for drawing and twisting slivers to form rovings.

SPEEDFUL
Speed"ful, a.

Defn: Full of speed (in any sense). [Obs.]

SPEEDFULLY
Speed"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In a speedful manner. [Obs.]

SPEEDILY
Speed"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a speedy manner.

SPEEDINESS
Speed"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being speedy.

SPEEDLESS
Speed"less, a.

Defn: Being without speed.

SPEEDWELL
Speed"well, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Veronica, mostly low herbs with pale
blue corollas, which quickly fall off.

SPEEDY
Speed"y, a. [Compar. Speedier; superl. Speediest.] Etym: [AS. sp.]

Defn: Not dilatory or slow; quick; swift; nimble; hasty; rapid in
motion or performance; as, a speedy flight; on speedy foot.
I will wish her speedy strength. Shak.
Darts, which not the good could shun, The speedy ould outfly. Dryden.

SPEER
Speer, n.

Defn: A sphere. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SPEER
Speer, v. t.

Defn: To ask. [Scot.] See Spere.

SPEET
Speet, v. t. Etym: [Cf. D. speten. See Spit an iron prong.]

Defn: To stab. [Obs.] Gammer Gurton's Needle.

SPEIGHT
Speight, n. Etym: [G. specht, probably akin to L. picus: cf. D.
specht. sq. root169. See Pie a magpie.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A woodpecker; -- called also specht, spekt, spight. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]

SPEIR
Speir, v. i.

Defn: To ask. See Spere. Sir W. Scott.

SPEISKOBALT
Speis`ko"balt, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: Smaltite.

SPEISS
Speiss, n. Etym: [Cf. G. speise food, mixed metal for bells, etc.]
(Metal.)

Defn: A regulus consisting essentially of nickel, obtained as a
residue in fusing cobalt and nickel ores with silica and sodium
carbonate to make smalt.

SPEKBOOM
Spek"boom, n. Etym: [D., lit. fat tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: The purslane tree of South Africa, -- said to be the favorite
food of elephants. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

SPEKE
Speke, v. i. & t.

Defn: To speak. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SPEKEHOUSE
Speke"house`, n.

Defn: The parlor or reception room of a convent. [Obs.]

SPELDING
Spel"ding, n. Etym: [Scot. speld to spread out, spelder to split.
spread open; cf. G. spalten split.]

Defn: A haddock or other small fish split open and dried in the sun;
-- called also speldron. [Scot.]

SPELICANS
Spel"i*cans, n. pl.

Defn: See Spilikin.

SPELK
Spelk, n. Etym: [AS. spelc, spilc, a little rod by which a thing is
kept straight, a splint for binding up broken bones, akin to Icel.
spelkur, pl., a splint. Cf. Spell a splinter.]

Defn: A small stick or rod used as a spike in thatching; a splinter.
[Prov. Eng.] Grose.

SPELL
Spell, n. Etym: [OE. speld, AS. speld a spill to light a candle with;
akin to D. speld a pin, OD. spelle, G. spalten to split, OHG.
spaltan, MHG. spelte a splinter, Icel. spjald a square tablet, Goth.
spilda a writing tablet. Cf. Spillsplinter, roll of paper, Spell to
tell the letters of.]

Defn: A spelk, or splinter. [Obs.] Holland.

SPELL
Spell, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Spelling.] Etym:
[AS. spelian to supply another's place.]

Defn: To supply the place of for a time; to take the turn of, at
work; to relieve; as, to spell the helmsman.

SPELL
Spell, n.

1. The relief of one person by another in any piece of work or
wathing; also, a turn at work which is carried on by one person or
gang relieving another; as, a spellat the pumps; a spell at the
masthead.
A spell at the wheel isc called a trick. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

2. The time during which one person or gang works until relieved;
hence, any relatively short period of time, whether a few hours,
days, or weeks.
Nothing new hass happened in this quarter, except the setting in of a
severe spell of cold weather. Washington.

3. One of two or more persons or gangs who work by spells. [R.]
Their toil is so extreme that they can not endure it above four hours
in a day, but are succeeded by spells. Garew.

4. A gratuitous helping forward of another's work; as, a logging
spell. [Local, U.S.]

SPELL
Spell, n.Etym: [AS. spell a saying, tale, speech; akin to OS. & OHG.
spel, Icel. spjall,Goth. spill. Cf. Gospel, Spell to tell the letters
of.]

1. A story; a tale. [Obs.] "Hearken to my spell." Chaucer.

2. A stanza, verse, or phrase supposed to be endowed with magical
power; an incantation; hence, any charm.
Start not; her actions shall be holy as You hear my spell is lawful.
Shak.

SPELL
Spell, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spelled ( or Spelt (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Spelling.] Etym: [OE. spellen, spellien, tell, relate, AS. spellian,
fr. spell a saying, tale; akin to MHG. spellen to relate, Goth.
spill.e Spell a tale. In sense 4 and those following, OE. spellen,
perhaps originally a different word, and from or influenced by spell
a splinter, from the use of a piece of wood to point to the letters
in schools: cf. D. spellen to spell. Cf. Spell splinter.]

1. To tell; to relate; to teach. [Obs.]
Might I that legend find, By fairies spelt in mystic rhymes. T.
Warton.

2. To put under the influence of a spell; to affect by a spell; to
bewitch; to fascinate; to charm. "Spelled with words of power."
Dryden.
He was much spelled with Eleanor Talbot. Sir G. Buck.

3. To constitute; to measure. [Obs.]
The Saxon heptarchy, when seven kings put together did spell but one
in effect. Fuller.

4. To tell or name in their proper order letters of, as a word; to
write or print in order the letters of, esp. the proper letters; to
form, as words, by correct orthography.
The word "satire" ought to be spelled with i, and not with y. Dryden.

5. To discover by characters or marks; to read with difficulty; --
usually with out; as, to spell out the sense of an author; to spell
out a verse in the Bible.
To spell out a God in the works of creation. South.
To sit spelling and observing divine justice upon every accident.
Milton.

SPELL
Spell, v. i.

1. To form words with letters, esp. with the proper letters, either
orally or in writing.
When what small knowledge was, in them did dwell, And he a god, who
could but read or spell. Dryden.

2. To study by noting characters; to gain knowledge or learn the
meaning of anything, by study. [Obs.]
Where I may sit and rightly spell Of every star that heaven doth
shew, And every herb that sips the dew. Milton.

SPELLABLE
Spell"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being spelt. Carlyle.

SPELLBIND
Spell"bind`, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Spellbound; p. pr. & vb. n.
Spellbinding.]

Defn: To bind or hold by, or as if by, a spell or charm; to
fascinate, esp. by eloquence of speech, as in a political campaign. -
- Spell"bind`er (#), n.

SPELLBOUND
Spell"bound`, a.

Defn: Bound by, or as by, a spell.

SPELLER
Spell"er, n.

1. One who spells.

2. A spelling book. [U. S.]

SPELLFUL
Spell"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding in spells, or charms.
Here, while his eyes the learned leaves peruse, Each spellful mystery
explained he views. Hoole.

SPELLING
Spell"ing, n.

Defn: The act of one who spells; formation of words by letters;
orthography.

SPELLING
Spell"ing, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to spelling. Spelling bee, a spelling match.
[U.S.] -- Spelling book, a book with exercises for teaching children
to spell; a speller.
 -- Spelling match, a contest of skill in spelling words, between two
or more persons.

SPELLKEN
Spell"ken, n.

Defn: A theater. [Slang] Byron.

SPELLWORK
Spell"work`, n.

Defn: Power or effect of magic; that which is wrought by magic;
enchantment.
Like those Peri isles of light That hang by spellwork in the air.
Moore.

SPELT
Spelt,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Spell. Spelled.

SPELT
Spelt, n. Etym: [AS. spelt, fr. L. spelta.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of grain (Triticum Spelta) much cultivated for food
in Germany and Switzerland; -- called also German wheat.

SPELT
Spelt, n. Etym: [See Spalt.] (Metal.)

Defn: Spelter. [Colloq.]

SPELT
Spelt, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Spell a splinter.]

Defn: To split; to break; to spalt. [Obs.] Mortimer.

SPELTER
Spel"ter, n. Etym: [Cf. LG. spialter, G. & D. spiauter. Cf. Pewter.]
(Metal.)

Defn: Zinc; -- especially so called in commerce and arts.

SPELUNC
Spe*lunc", n. Etym: [L. spelunca cave.]

Defn: A cavern; a cave. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

SPENCE
Spence, n. Etym: [OF. despense, F. dépense, buffet, buttery, fr. OF.
despendre to spend, distribute, L. dispendere, dispensum. See
Dispense, Spend.]

1. A place where provisions are kept; a buttery; a larder; a pantry.
Chiefly Brit. dial. [MW10]
In . . . his spence, or "pantry" were hung the carcasses of a sheep
or ewe, and two cows lately slaughtered. Sir W. Scott.
Bluff Harry broke into the spence, And turned the cowls adrift.
Tennyson.

2. The inner apartment of a country house; also, the place where the
family sit and eat. [Scot.] Jamieson.

SPENCER
Spen"cer, n. Etym: [OF. despensier. See Spence, and cf. Dispenser.]

Defn: One who has the care of the spence, or buttery. [Obs.]
Promptorium Parvulorum.

SPENCER
Spen"cer, n. Etym: [From the third Earl Spencer, who first wore it,
or brought it into fashion.]

Defn: A short jacket worn by men and by women. Ld. Lutton.

SPENCER
Spen"cer, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A fore-and-aft sail, abaft the foremast or the mainmast,
hoisted upon a small supplementary mast and set with a gaff and no
boom; a trysail carried at the foremast or mainmast; -- named after
its inventor, Knight Spencer, of England [1802]. Spencer mast, a
small mast just abaft the foremast or mainmast, for hoisting the
spencer. R. H. Dana, Jr.

SPEND
Spend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spent; p. pr. & vb. n. Spending.] Etym:
[AS. spendan (in comp.), fr. L. expendere or dispendere to weigh out,
to expend, dispense. See Pendant, and cf. Dispend, Expend, Spence,
Spencer.]

1. To weigh or lay out; to dispose of; to part with; as, to spend
money for clothing.
Spend thou that in the town. Shak.
Wherefore do ye spend money for that which is not bread Isa. lv. 2.

2. To bestow; to employ; -- often with on or upon.
I . . . am never loath To spend my judgment. Herbert.

3. To consume; to waste; to squander; to exhaust; as, to spend an
estate in gaming or other vices.

4. To pass, as time; to suffer to pass away; as, to spend a day idly;
to spend winter abroad.
We spend our years as a tale that is told. Ps. xc. 9.

5. To exhaust of force or strength; to waste; to wear away; as, the
violence of the waves was spent.
Their bodies spent with long labor and thirst. Knolles.

SPEND
Spend, v. i.

1. To expend money or any other possession; to consume, use, waste,
or part with, anything; as, he who gets easily spends freely.
He spends as a person who knows that he must come to a reckoning.
South.

2. To waste or wear away; to be consumed; to lose force or strength;
to vanish; as, energy spends in the using of it.
The sound spendeth and is dissipated in the open air. Bacon.

3. To be diffused; to spread.
The vines that they use for wine are so often cut, that their sap
spendeth into the grapes. Bacon.

4. (Mining)

Defn: To break ground; to continue working.

SPENDER
Spen"der, n.

Defn: One who spends; esp., one who spends lavishly; a prodigal; a
spendthrift.

SPENDING
Spend"ing, n.

Defn: The act of expending; expenditure. Spending money, money set
apart for extra (not necessary) personal expenses; pocket money.
[Colloq.]

SPENDTHRIFT
Spend"thrift`, n.

Defn: One who spends money profusely or improvidently; a prodigal;
one who lavishes or wastes his estate. Also used figuratively.
A woman who was a generous spendthrift of life. Mrs. R. H. Davis.

SPENDTHRIFT
Spend"thrift, a.

Defn: Prodigal; extravagant; wasteful.

SPENDTHRIFTY
Spend"thrift`y, a.

Defn: Spendthrift; prodigal. [R.]

SPENSERIAN
Spen*se"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the English poet Spenser; -- specifically
applied to the stanza used in his poem "The Faërie Queene."

SPENT
Spent, a.

1. Exhausted; worn out; having lost energy or motive force.
Now thou seest me Spent, overpowered, despairing of success. Addison.
Heaps of spent arrows fall and strew the ground. Dryden.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Exhausted of spawn or sperm; -- said especially of fishes.
Spent ball, a ball shot from a firearm, which reaches an object
without having sufficient force to penetrate it.

SPER; SPERRE
Sper, Sperre, v. t. Etym: [See Spar bar.]

Defn: To shut in; to support; to inclose; to fasten. [Obs.] "To
sperre the gate." Spenser.

SPERABLE
Spe"ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. spearabilis, fr. sperare to hope.]

Defn: Within the range of hpe; proper to be hoped for. [Obs.] Bacon.

SPERABLE
Sper"a*ble, n.

Defn: See Sperable.

SPERAGE
Sper"age, n.

Defn: Asperagus. [Obs.] Sylvester.

SPERATE
Spe"rate, a. Etym: [L. speratus, p. p. of sperare to hope.]

Defn: Hoped for, or to be hoped for. [R.] Bouvier.

SPERE
Spere, v. i. Etym: [AS. spyrian to inquire, properly, to follow the
track; akin to D. speuren, G. spüren, Icel. spyrja. sq. root171. See
Spoor.]

Defn: To search; to pry; to ask; to inquire. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
[Written also speer, speir.] Jamieson.

SPERE
Spere, n. Etym: [See Sphere.]

Defn: A sphere. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SPERGE
Sperge, n. (Distilling)

Defn: A charge of wash for the still. Knight.

SPERLING
Sper"ling, n. Etym: [See Sparling.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A smelt; a sparling. [Prov. Eng.]
(b) A young herring. [Local, U.S.]

SPERM
Sperm, n.Etym: [F. sperme, L. sperma, Gr. Spore.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The male fecundating fluid; semen. See Semen. Sperm cell
(Physiol.), one of the cells from which the spermatozoids are
developed.
 -- Sperm morula. (Biol.) Same as Spermosphere.

SPERM
Sperm, n.Etym: [Contr. fr. spermaceti.]

Defn: Spermaceti. Sperm oil, a fatty oil found as a liquid, with
spermaceti, in the head cavities of the sperm whale.
 -- Sperm whale. (Zoöl.) See in the Vocabulary.

SPERMACETI
Sper`ma*ce"ti, n. Etym: [L. sperma sperm + cetus,gen. ceti, any large
sea animal, a whale, Gr. Sperm, Cetaceous.]

Defn: A white waxy substance obtained from cavities in the head of
the sperm whale, and used making candles, oilments, cosmetics, etc.
It consists essentially of ethereal salts of palmitic acid with ethal
and other hydrocarbon bases. The substance of spermaceti after the
removal of certain impurities is sometimes called cetin. Spermaceti
whale (Zoöl.), the sperm whale.

SPERMALIST
Sper"mal*ist, n. (Biol.)

Defn: See Spermist.

SPERMAPHORE
Sper"ma*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: That part of the ovary from which the ovules arise; the
placenta.

SPERMARY
Sper"ma*ry, n. (Anat.)

Defn: An organ in which spermatozoa are developed; a sperm gland; a
testicle.

SPERMATHECA
Sper`ma*the"ca, n.; pl. Spermathecæ. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small sac connected with the female reproductive organs of
insects and many other invertebrates, serving to receive and retain
the spermatozoa.

SPERMATIC
Sper*mat"ic, a. Etym: [L. spermaticus, Gr. spermatique. See Sperm.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to semen; as, the spermatic fluid, the
spermatic vessels, etc. Spermatic cord (Anat.), the cord which
suspends the testicle within the scrotum. It is made up of a
connective tissue sheath inclosing the spermatic duct and
accompanying vessels and nerves.

SPERMATICAL
Sper"mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Spermatic.

SPERMATIN
Sper"ma*tin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A substance allied to alkali albumin and to mucin, present in
semen, to which it is said to impart the mucilaginous character.

SPERMATISM
Sper"ma*tism, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The emission of sperm, or semen.

SPERMATIUM
Sper*ma"ti*um, n.; pl. Spermatia. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the motionless spermatozoids in the conceptacles of
certain fungi. J. H. Balfour.

SPERMATIZE
Sper"ma*tize, v. i. Etym: [Gr. Sperm.]

Defn: To yield seed; to emit seed, or sperm. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SPERMATO-; SPERMO-
Sper"ma*to-, Sper"mo-.

Defn: Combining forms from Gr. seed, sperm, semen (of plants or
animals); as, spermatoblast, spermoblast.

SPERMATOBLAST
Sper"ma*to*blast, n.

Defn: Same as Spermoblast.

SPERMATOCYTE
Sper"ma*to*cyte, n. Etym: [Spermato- + Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Spermoblast.

SPERMATOGEMMA
Sper`ma*to*gem"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Spermato-, and Gemma.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Spermosphere.

SPERMATOGENESIS
Sper`ma*to*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Spermato- + genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: The development of the spermatozoids.

SPERMATOGENETIC
Sper`ma*to*ge*net"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Relating to, or connected with, spermatogenesis; as,
spermatogenetic function.

SPERMATOGENOUS
Sper`ma*tog"e*nous, a. Etym: [Spermato- + -genous.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Sperm-producing.

SPERMATOGONIUM
Sper`ma*to*go"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A primitive seminal cell, occuring in masses in the seminal
tubules. It divides into a mass (spermosphere) of small cells
(spermoblast), which in turn give rise to spermatozoids.

SPERMATOID
Sper"ma*toid, a. Etym: [Spermato- + -oid.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Spermlike; resembling sperm, or semen.

SPERMATOON; SPERMATOOEN
Sper`ma*to"ön, n.; pl. Spermatoa. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A spermoblast.
 -- Sper`ma*to"al, a. Owen.

SPERMATOPHORE
Sper"ma*to*phore, n. Etym: [Spermato- + Gr.

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Spermospore.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A capsule or pocket inclosing a number of spermatozoa. They are
present in many annelids, brachiopods, mollusks, and crustaceans. In
cephalopods the structure of the capsule is very complex.

SPERMATOPHOROUS
Sper`ma*toph"o*rous, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Producing seed, or sperm; seminiferous; as, the so-called
spermatophorous cells.

SPERMATOPHYTA
Sper`ma*toph"y*ta, n. pl. [NL.; spermato- + Gr.  plant.] (Bot.)

Defn: A phylum embracing the highest plants, or those that produce
seeds; the  seed plants, or flowering plants. They form the most
numerous group, including over 120,000 species. In general, the group
is characterized by the marked development of the sporophyte, with
great differentiation of its parts (root, stem, leaves, flowers,
etc.); by the extreme reduction of the gametophyte; and by the
development of seeds. All the Spermatophyta are heterosporous;
fertilization of the egg cell is either through a pollen tube emitted
by the microspore or (in a few gymnosperms) by spermatozoids. The
phrase "flowering plants" is less distinctive than "seed plants,"
since the conifers, grasses, sedges, oaks, etc., do not produce
flowers in the popular sense. For this reason the terms Anthrophyta,
Phænogamia, and Panerogamia have been superseded as names of the
phylum by Spermatophyta.

SPERMATOPHYTE
Sper"ma*to"phyte`, n.

Defn: Any plant of the phylum Spermatophyta. -- Sper`ma*to*phyt"ic
(#), a.

SPERMATORRHEA; SPERMATORRHOEA
Sper`ma*tor*rhe"a, Sper`ma*tor*rhoe"a, (, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Med.)

Defn: Abnormally frequent involuntary emission of the semen without
copulation.

SPERMATOSPORE
Sper"ma*to*spore, n.

Defn: Same as Spermospore.

SPERMATOZOID
Sper`ma*to*zo"id, n. Etym: [Spermatozoön + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The male germ cell in animals and plants, the essential element
in fertilization; a microscopic animalcule-like particle, usually
provided with one or more cilia by which it is capable of active
motion. In animals, the familiar type is that of a small, more or
less ovoid head, with a delicate threadlike cilium, or tail. Called
also spermatozoön. In plants the more usual term is antherozoid.

SPERMATOZOOID
Sper`ma*to*zo"oid n. (Biol.)

Defn: A spermatozoid.

SPERMATOZOON; SPERMATOZOOEN
Sper`ma*to*zo"ön, n.; pl. Spermatozoa. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Spermatozoid.

SPERMIC
Sper"mic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to sperm, or semen.

SPERMIDIUM
Sper*mid"i*um, n.; pl. Spermidia. Etym: [Nl., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: An achenium.

SPERMISM
Sperm"ism, n. [Gr.  seed, sperm + -ism.] (Biol.)

Defn: The theory, formerly held by many, that the sperm or
spermatozoön contains the germ of the future embryo; animalculism.

SPERMIST
Sperm"ist, n. (Biol.)

Defn: A believer in the doctrine, formerly current, of encasement in
the male (see Encasement), in which the seminal thread, or
spermatozoid, was considered as the real animal germ, the head being
the true animal head and the tail the body.

SPERMOBLAST
Sper"mo*blast, n. Etym: [Spermo- + -blast.] (Physiol.)

Defn: One of the cells formed by the diivision of the spermospore,
each of which is destined to become a spermatozoid; a spermatocyte; a
spermatoblast.

SPERMOCOCCUS
Sper`mo*coc"cus, n. Etym: [NL. See Spermo-, and Coccus.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The nucleus of the sperm cell.

SPERMODERM
Sper"mo*derm, n. Etym: [Spermo- + derm: cf. F. spermoderme.] (Bot.)

Defn: The covering of a seed; -- sometimes limited to the outer coat
or testa. Lindley.

SPERMOGONIUM
Sper`mo*go"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL.; spermo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A conceptacle of certain lichens, which contains spermatia.

SPERMOLOGIST
Sper*mol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who treats of, or collects, seeds. Bailey.

SPERMOPHILE
Sper"mo*phile, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any ground squirrel of the genus Spermophilus; gopher. See
Illust. under Gopher.

SPERMOPHORE
Sper"mo*phore, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spermatophore.

SPERMOPHYTA
Sper*moph"y*ta, n. pl. Etym: [Nl., from Gr.

Defn: Plants which produce seed; phænogamia. These plants constitute
the highest grand division of the vegetable kingdom.

SPERMOPHYTE
Sper"mo*phyte, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant which produces true seeds; -- a term recently
proposed to replace phænogam.

SPERMOPHYTIC
Sper`mo*phyt"ic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Capable of producing seeds; phænogamic.

SPERMOPLASMA
Sper`mo*plas"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Spermo-, and Plasma.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The protoplasm of the sperm cell. Haeckel.

SPERMOSPHERE
Sper"mo*sphere, n. Etym: [Spermo- + sphere.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A mass or ball of cells formed by the repeated division of a
male germinal cell (spermospore), each constituent cell (spermoblast)
of which is converted into a spermatozoid; a spermatogemma.

SPERMOSPORE
Sper"mo*spore, n. Etym: [Spermo- + spore.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The male germinal or seminal cell, from the breaking up of
which the spermoblasts are formed and ultimately the spermatozoids; a
spermatospore. Balfour.

SPERMULE
Sper"mule, n. Etym: [Dim. fr. sperm.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A sperm cell. Haeckel.

SPERM WHALE
Sperm" whale`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large toothed whale (Physeter macrocephalus), having a
head of enormous size. The upper jaw is destitute of teeth. In the
upper part of the head, above the skull, there is a large cavity, or
case, filled with oil and spermaceti. This whale sometimes grows to
the length of more than eighty feet. It is found in the warmer parts
of all the oceans. Called also cachalot, and spermaceti whale. Pygmy
sperm whale (Zoöl.), a small whale (Kogia breviceps), seldom twenty
feet long, native of tropical seas, but occasionally found on the
American coast. Called also snub-nosed cachalot.
 -- Sperm-whale porpoise (Zoöl.), a toothed cetacean (Hyperoödon
bidens), found on both sides of the Atlantic and valued for its oil.
The adult becomes about twenty-five feet long, and its head is very
large and thick. Called also bottle-nosed whale.

SPERRYLITE
Sper"ry*lite, n.Etym: [Named after F. L. Sperry, who discovered it.]
(Min.)

Defn: An arsenide of platinum occuring in grains and minute isometric
crystals of tin-white color. It is found near Sudbury, Ontario
Canada, and is the only known compound of platinum occuring in
nature.

SPERSE
Sperse, v. t.

Defn: To disperse. [Obs.] Spenser.

SPESSARTITE
Spes"sart*ite, n.Etym: [From Spessart, in Germany.] (Min.)

Defn: A manganesian variety of garnet.

SPET
Spet, v. t. Etym: [AS. sp. See Spit.]

Defn: To spit; to throw out. [Obs.]

SPET
Spet, n.

Defn: Spittle. [Obs.]

SPETCHES
Spetch"es, n. pl.

Defn: Parings and refuse of hides, skins, etc., from which glue is
made.

SPEW
Spew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spewed; p. pr.& vb. n. Spewing.] Etym: [OE.
spewen, speowen, AS. spiwan;n to D. spuwen to spit. OS & OHG. spiwan,
G. speien, Icel. sp to spew, Sw. spy, Dan. spye, Goth. spiewan, th.
spjauti, L. spuere to split, Gr. shtiv, shthiv. Cf. Pyke, Spit.]
[Written also spue.]

1. To eject from the stomach; to vomit.

2. To cast forth with abhorrence or disgust; to eject.
Because thou art lukewarm, and neither hot nor cold, I will spew thee
out of my mouth. Rev. ii. 16.

SPEW
Spew, v. i.

1. To vomit. Chaucer.

2. To eject seed, as wet land swollen with frost.

SPEW
Spew, n.

Defn: That which is vomited; vomit.

SPEWER
Spew"er, n.

Defn: One who spews.

SPEWINESS
Spew"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being spewy.

SPEWY
Spew"y, a.

Defn: Wet; soggy; inclined to spew.

SPHACEL
Sphac"el, n. Etym: [Gr. sphacèle.] (Med.)

Defn: Gangrene.

SPHACELATE
Sphac"e*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sphacelated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sphacelating.] Etym: [NL. sphacelare, sphacelatum, mortify: cf. F.
sphacéler. See Sphacelus.] (Med.)

Defn: To die, decay, or become gangrenous, as flesh or bone; to
mortify.

SPHACELATE
Sphac"e*late, v. t. (Med.)

Defn: To affect with gangrene.

SPHACELATE; SPHACELATED
Sphac"e*late, Sphac"e*la`ted, a. (Med.)

Defn: Affected with gangrene; mortified.

SPHACELATION
Sphac`e*la"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: The process of becoming or making gangrenous; mortification.

SPHACELUS
Sphac"e*lus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Gangrenous part; gangrene; slough.

SPHAERENCHYMA
Sphæ*ren"chy*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -enchyma as in parenchima.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Vegetable tissue composed of thin-walled rounded cells, -- a
modification of parenchyma.

SPHAERIDIUM
Sphæ*rid"i*um, n.; pl. Sphæridia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar sense organ found upon the exterior of most kinds of
sea urchins, and consisting of an oval or sherical head surmounting a
short pedicel. It is generally supposed to be an olfactory organ.

SPHAEROSPORE
Sphæ"ro*spore, n. Etym: [Gr. spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the nonsexual spores found in red algæ; a tetraspore.

SPHAERULITE
Sphær"u*lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Spherulite.

SPHAGNICOLOUS
Sphag*nic"o*lous, a. Etym: [Sphagnum + L. colere to inhabit.] (Bot.)

Defn: Growing in moss of the genus Sphagnum.

SPHAGNOUS
Sphag"nous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to moss of the genus Sphagnum, or bog moss;
abounding in peat or bog moss.

SPHAGNUM
Sphag"num, n. Etym: [NL., fr/ Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of mosses having white leaves slightly tinged with red
or green and found growing in marshy places; bog moss; peat moss.

SPHALERITE
Sphal"er*ite, n. Etym: [Gr. Blende.] (Min.)

Defn: Zinc sulphide; -- called also blende, black-jack, false galena,
etc. See Blende (a).

SPHENE
Sphene, n. Etym: [F. sphène, fr. Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral found usually in thin, wedge-shaped crystals of a
yellow or green to black color. It is a silicate of titanium and
calcium; titanite.

SPHENETHMOID
Sphe*neth"moid, a. Etym: [Sphenoid + ethmoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to both the sphenoidal and the ethmoidal
regions of the skull, or the sphenethmoid bone; sphenethmoidal.
Sphenethmoid bone (Anat.), a bone of the skull which surrounds the
anterior end of the brain in many amphibia; the girdle bone.

SPHENETHMOID
Sphe*neth"moid, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The sphenethmoid bone.

SPHENETHMOIDAL
Sphe`neth*moid"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Relating to the sphenoethmoid bone; sphenoethmoid.

SPHENISCAN
Sphe*nis"can, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of penguin.

SPHENO-
Sphe"no-.

Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with,
or relation to, the sphenoid bone; as in sphenomaxillary,
sphenopalatine.

SPHENODON
Sphe"no*don, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Hatteria.

SPHENOETHMOIDAL
Sphe"no*eth*moid`al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Sphenethmoid.

SPHENOGRAM
Sphe"no*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. -gram.]

Defn: A cuneiform, or arrow-headed, character.

SPHENOGRAPHER
Sphe*nog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One skilled in sphenography; a sphenographist.

SPHENOGRAPHIC
Sphe`no*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to sphenography.

SPHENOGRAPHIST
Sphe*nog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: A sphenographer.

SPHENOGRAPHY
Sphe*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: The art of writing in cuneiform characters, or of deciphering
inscriptions made in such characters.

SPHENOID
Sphe"noid, a. Etym: [Gr. sphénoïde.]

1. Wedge-shaped; as, a sphenoid crystal.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sphenoid bone. Sphenoid bone (Anat.),
an irregularly shaped bone in front of the occipital in the base of
the skull of the higher vertebrates. It is composed of several fetal
bones which become united the adult. See Alisphenoid, Basisphenoid,
Orbitosphenoid, Presphenoid.

SPHENOID
Sphe"noid, n.

1. (Crystallog.)

Defn: A wedge-shaped crystal bounded by four equal isosceles
triangles. It is the hemihedral form of a square pyramid.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The sphenoid bone.

SPHENOIDAL
Sphe*noid"al, a.

1. Sphenoid.

2. (Crystalloq.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a sphenoid.

SPHENOTIC
Sphe*not"ic, a. Etym: [Spheno- + (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, the sphenotic bone.
Sphenotic bone (Anat.), a bone on the anterior side of the auditory
capsule of many fishes, and connected with, or adjoining, the
sphenoid bone.

SPHENOTIC
Sphe*not"ic, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The sphenotic bone.

SPHERAL
Spher"al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a sphere or the spheres.

2. Rounded like a sphere; sphere-shaped; hence, symmetrical;
complete; perfect.

SPHERE
Sphere, n. Etym: [OE. spere, OF. espere, F. sphère, L. sphaera,. Gr.

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A body or space contained under a single surface, which in
every part is equally distant from a point within called its center.

2. Hence, any globe or globular body, especially a celestial one, as
the sun, a planet, or the earth.
Of celestial bodies, first the sun, A mighty sphere, he framed.
Milton.

3. (Astron.)
(a) The apparent surface of the heavens, which is assumed to be
spherical and everywhere equally distant, in which the heavenly
bodies appear to have their places, and on which the various
astronomical circles, as of right ascension and declination, the
equator, ecliptic, etc., are conceived to be drawn; an ideal
geometrical sphere, with the astronomical and geographical circles in
their proper positions on it.
(b) In ancient astronomy, one of the concentric and eccentric
revolving spherical transparent shells in which the stars, sun,
planets, and moon were supposed to be set, and by which they were
carried, in such a manner as to produce their apparent motions.

4. (Logic)

Defn: The extension of a general conception, or the totality of the
individuals or species to which it may be applied.

5. Circuit or range of action, knowledge, or influence; compass;
province; employment; place of existence.
To be called into a huge sphere, and not to be seen to move in 't.
Shak.
Taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity, and inclosing
her in a sphere by herself. Hawthorne.
Each in his hidden sphere of joy or woe Our hermit spirits dwell.
Keble.

6. Rank; order of society; social positions.

7. An orbit, as of a star; a socket. [R.] Shak. Armillary sphere,
Crystalline sphere, Oblique sphere,. See under Armillary,
Crystalline,.
 -- Doctrine of the sphere, applications of the principles of
spherical trigonometry to the properties and relations of the circles
of the sphere, and the problems connected with them, in astronomy and
geography, as to the latitudes and longitudes, distance and bearing,
of places on the earth, and the right ascension and declination,
altitude and azimuth, rising and setting, etc., of the heavenly
bodies; spherical geometry.
 -- Music of the spheres. See under Music.

Syn.
 -- Globe; orb; circle. See Globe.

SPHERE
Sphere, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sphered; p. pr. & vb. n. Sphering.]

1. To place in a sphere, or among the spheres; to insphere.
The glorious planet Sol In noble eminence enthroned and sphered
Amidst the other. Shak.

2. To form into roundness; to make spherical, or spheral; to perfect.
Tennyson.

SPHERICAL; SPHERIC
Spher"ic*al, Spher"ic, a. Etym: [L. sphaericus, Gr. sphérique.]

1. Having the form of a sphere; like a sphere; globular; orbicular;
as, a spherical body.

2. Of or pertaining to a sphere.

3. Of or pertaining to the heavenly orbs, or to the sphere or spheres
in which, according to ancient astronomy and astrology, they were
set.
Knaves, thieves, and treachers by spherical predominance. Shak.
Though the stars were suns, and overburned Their spheric limitations.
Mrs. Browning.
Spherical angle, Spherical coördinate, Spherical excess, etc. See
under Angle, Coordinate, etc.
 -- Spherical geometry, that branch of geometry which treats of
spherical magnitudes; the doctrine of the sphere, especially of the
circles described on its surface.
 -- Spherical harmonic analysis. See under Harmonic, a.
 -- Spherical lune,portion of the surface of a sphere included
between two great semicircles having a common diameter.
 -- Spherical opening, the magnitude of a solid angle. It is measured
by the portion within the solid angle of the surface of any sphere
whose center is the angular point.
 -- Spherical polygon,portion of the surface of a sphere bounded by
the arcs of three or more great circles.
 -- Spherical projection, the projection of the circles of the sphere
upon a plane. See Projection.
 -- Spherical sector. See under Sector.
 -- Spherical segment, the segment of a sphere. See under Segment.
 -- Spherical triangle,re on the surface of a sphere, bounded by the
arcs of three great circles which intersect each other.
 -- Spherical trigonometry. See Trigonometry.
 -- Spher"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Spher"ic*al*ness, n.

SPHERICITY
Sphe*ric"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sphéricité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being spherial; roundness; as, the
sphericity of the planets, or of a drop of water.

SPHERICLE
Spher"i*cle, n.

Defn: A small sphere.

SPHERICS
Spher"ics, n. (Math.)

Defn: The doctrine of the sphere; the science of the properties and
relations of the circles, figures, and other magnitudes of a sphere,
produced by planes intersecting it; spherical geometry and
trigonometry.

SPHEROBACTERIA
Sphe`ro*bac*te"ri*a, n. pl.; sing. Spherobacterium (. Etym: [NL. See
Sphere, and Bacterium.] (Biol.)

Defn: See the Note under Microbacteria.

SPHEROCONIC
Sphe`ro*con"ic, n. (Geom.)

Defn: A nonplane curve formed by the intersection of the surface of
an oblique cone with the surface of a sphere whose center is at the
vertex of the cone.

SPHEROGRAPH
Spher"o*graph, n. Etym: [Sphere + -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for facilitating the practical use of spherics in
navigation and astronomy, being constructed of two cardboards
containing various circles, and turning upon each other in such a
manner that any possible spherical triangle may be readily found, and
the measures of the parts read off by inspection.

SPHEROID
Sphe"roid, n. Etym: [L. spheroides ball-like, spherical, Gr.
sphéroïde.]

Defn: A body or figure approaching to a sphere, but not perfectly
spherical; esp., a solid generated by the revolution of an ellipse
about one of its axes. Oblate spheroid, Prolate spheroid. See Oblate,
Prolate, and Ellipsoid.

SPHEROIDAL
Sphe*roid"al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sphéroïdal.]

Defn: Having the form of a spheroid.
 -- Sphe*roid"al*ly, adv. Spheroidal state (Physics.), the state of a
liquid, as water, when, on being thrown on a surface of highly heated
metal, it rolls about in spheroidal drops or masses, at a temperature
several degrees below ebullition, and without actual contact with the
heated surface, -- a phenomenon due to the repulsive force of heat,
the intervention of a cushion of nonconducting vapor, and the cooling
effect of evaporation.

SPHEROIDIC; SPHEROIDICAL
Sphe*roid"ic, Sphe*roid"ic*al, a.

Defn: See Spheroidal. Cheyne.

SPHEROIDICITY; SPHEROIDITY
Sphe`roi*dic"i*ty, Sphe*roid"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being spheroidal.

SPHEROMERE
Sphe"ro*mere, n. Etym: [Sphere + -mere.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of the several symmetrical segments arranged around the
central axis and composing the body of a radiate anmal.

SPHEROMETER
Sphe*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Sphere + -meter: cf. F. sphéromètre.]
(Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the curvature of spherical surface,
as of lenses for telescope, etc.

SPHEROSIDERITE
Spher`o*sid"er*ite, n. Etym: [Sphere + siderite.] (Min.)

Defn: Siderite occuring in spheroidal masses.

SPHEROSOME
Sphe"ro*some, n. Etym: [Sphere + -some body.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The body wall of any radiate animal.

SPHERULATE
Spher"u*late, a.

Defn: Covered or set with spherules; having one or more rows of
spherules, or minute tubercles.

SPHERULE
Spher"ule, n. Etym: [L. spherula: cf. F. sphérule.]

Defn: A little sphere or spherical body; as, quicksilver, when poured
upon a plane, divides itself into a great number of minute spherules.

SPHERULITE
Spher"u*lite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sphérulite.] (Min.)

Defn: A minute spherical crystalline body having a radiated
structure, observed in some vitreous volcanic rocks, as obsidian and
pearlstone.

SPHERULITIC
Spher`u*lit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a spherulite; characterized by the presence
of spherulites.

SPHERY
Spher"y, a.

1. Round; spherical; starlike. [R.] "Hermia's sphery eyne." Shak.

2. Of or pertaining to the spheres. [R.]
She can teach ye how to climb Higher than the sphery chime. Milton.

SPHEX
Sphex, n.Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of sand wasps of the genus Sphex
and allied genera. These wasps have the abdomen attached to the
thorax by a slender pedicel. See Illust. of Sand wasp, under Sand.
Sphex fly (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small dipterous
flies of the genus Conops and allied genera. The form of the body is
similar to that of a sphex.

SPHIGMOMETER
Sphig*mom"e*ter, n.

Defn: See Sphygmometer.

SPHINCTER
Sphinc"ter, n. Etym: [NL., fr. (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which surrounds, and by its contraction tends to
close, a natural opening; as, the sphincter of the bladder.

SPHINCTER
Sphinc"ter, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sphincter; as, a sphincter
muscle.

SPHINGID
Sphin"gid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sphinx.

SPHINGID
Sphin"gid, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a sphinx, or the family Sphingidæ.

SPHINX
Sphinx, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. sfi`gx, usually derived from sfi`ggein
to bind tight or together, as if the Throttler.]

1.
(a) In Egyptian art, an image of granite or porphyry, having a human
head, or the head of a ram or of a hawk, upon the wingless body of a
lion.
The awful ruins of the days of old . . . Or jasper tomb, or mutilated
sphinx. Shelley.

(b) On Greek art and mythology, a she-monster, usually represented as
having the winged body of a lion, and the face and breast of a young
woman.

Note: The most famous Grecian sphinx, that of Thebes in Boeotia, is
said to have proposed a riddle to the Thebans, and killed those who
were unable to guess it. The enigma was solved by "Subtle as sphinx."
Shak.

2. Hence: A person of enigmatical character and purposes, especially
in politics and diplomacy.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of large moths of the family
Sphingidæ; -- called also hawk moth.

Note: The larva is a stout naked caterpillar which, when at rest,
often assumes a position suggesting the Egyptian sphinx, whence the
name.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Guinea, or sphinx, baboon (Cynocephalus sphinx). Sphinx
baboon (Zoöl.), a large West African baboon (Cynocephalus sphinx),
often kept in menageries.
 -- Sphinx moth. (Zoöl.) Same as Sphinx, 3.

SPHRAGIDE
Sphrag"ide, n.Etym: [L. sphragis, -idis, Lemnian earth, fr. Gr.
(Min.)

Defn: Lemnian earth.

SPHRAGISTICS
Sphra*gis"tics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science of seals, their history, age, distinctions, etc.,
esp. as verifying the age and genuiness of documents.

SPHRIGOSIS
Sphri*go"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A condition of vegetation in which there is too abundant growth
of the stem and leaves, accompanied by deficiency of flowers and
fruit.

SPHYGMIC
Sphyg"mic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pulse.

SPHYGMOGRAM
Sphyg"mo*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. -gram.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A tracing, called a pulse tracing, consisting of a series of
curves corresponding with the beats of the heart, obtained by the
application of the sphygmograph.

SPHYGMOGRAPH
Sphyg"mo*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument which, when applied over an artery, indicates
graphically the movements or character of the pulse. See Sphygmogram.

SPHYGMOGRAPHIC
Sphyg`mo*graph"ic, a. (Phusiol.)

Defn: Relating to, or produced by, a sphygmograph; as, a
sphygmographic tracing.

SPHYGMOMETER
Sphyg*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the strength of the pulse beat; a
sphygmograph.

SPHYGMOPHONE
Sphyg"mo*phone, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: An electrical instrument for determining by the ear the rhythm
of the pulse of a person at a distance.

SPHYGMOSCOPE
Sphyg"mo*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Sphygmograph.

SPHYRAENOID
Sphy*ræ"noid, a.Etym: [L. sphyraena a kind of sea fish (Gr.
sfy`raina) + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Sphyrænidæ, a family of marine fishes
including the barracudas.

SPIAL
Spi"al, n.

Defn: A spy; a scout. [Obs.] Bacon.

SPICA
Spi"ca, n.; pl. Spicæ. Etym: [L., an ear, as of corn.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A kind of bandage passing, by successive turns and crosses,
from an extremity to the trunk; -- so called from its resemblance to
a spike of a barley.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A star of the first magnitude situated in the constellation
Virgo.

SPICATE; SPICATED
Spi"cate, Spi"ca*ted, a. Etym: [L. spicatus, p. p. of spicare furnish
with spikes, or ears, fr. spica a spike, or ear.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of a spike, or ear; arranged in a spike or
spikes. Lee.

SPICCATO
Spic*ca"to, a. Etym: [It., p. p. of spicare to detach, to separate.]
(Mus.)

Defn: Detached; separated; -- a term indicating that every note is to
be performed in a distinct and pointed manner.

SPICE
Spice, n. Etym: [OE. spice, spece, spice, species, OF. espice,
espece, F. épice spice, espèce species, fr. L. species particular
sort or kind, a species, a sight, appearance, show, LL., spices,
drugs, etc., of the same sort, fr. L. specere to look. See Spy, and
cf. Species.]

1. Species; kind. [Obs.]
The spices of penance ben three. Chaucer.
Abstain you from all evil spice. Wyclif (1. Thess,v. 22).
Justice, although it be but one entire virtue, yet is described in
two kinds of spices. The one is named justice distributive, the other
is called commutative. Sir T. Elyot.

2. A vegetable production of many kinds, fragrant or aromatic and
pungent to the taste, as pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, mace, allspice,
ginger, cloves, etc., which are used in cookery and to flavor sauces,
pickles, etc.
Hast thou aught in thy purse [bag] any hot spices Piers Plowman.

3. Figuratively, that which enriches or alters the quality of a thing
in a small degree, as spice alters the taste of food; that which
gives zest or pungency; a slight flavoring; a relish; hence, a small
quantity or admixture; a sprinkling; as, a spice of mischief.
So much of the will, with a spice of the willful. Coleridge.

SPICE
Spice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spiced; p. p. & vb. n. Spicing.]

1. To season with spice, or as with spice; to mix aromatic or pungent
substances with; to flavor; to season; as, to spice wine; to spice
one's words with wit.
She 'll receive thee, but will spice thy bread With flowery poisons.
Chapman.

2. To fill or impregnate with the odor of spices.
In the spiced Indian air, by night. Shak.

3. To render nice or dainty; hence, to render scrupulous. [Obs.] "A
spiced conscience." Chaucer.

SPICEBUSH
Spice"bush`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Spicewood.

SPICENUT
Spice"nut`.

Defn: A small crisp cake, highly spiced.

SPICER
Spi"cer, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. espicier, F. épicier.]

1. One who seasons with spice.

2. One who deals in spice. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

SPICERY
Spi"cer*y, n. Etym: [OF. espicerie, F. épicerie.]

1. Spices, in general. Chaucer.

2. A repository of spices. Addison.

SPICEWOOD
Spice"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An American shrub (Lindera Benzoin), the bark of which has a
spicy taste and odor; -- called also Benjamin, wild allspice, and
fever bush.

SPICIFEROUS
Spi*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. spicifer bearing spikes, or ears; spica
ear + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Bearing ears, or spikes; spicate. [Obs.] Bailey.

SPICIFORM
Spi"ci*form, a. Etym: [L. spica a spike, ear + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Spike-shaped. Gray.

SPICILY
Spi"ci*ly, adv.

Defn: In a spicy manner.

SPICINESS
Spi"ci*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being spicy.

SPICK
Spick, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. spik. See Spike a nail.]

Defn: A spike or nail. [Prov. Eng.] Spick and span, quite new; that
is, as new as a spike or nail just made and a chip just split; brand-
new; as, a spick and span novelty. See Span-new. Howell.

SPICKNEL
Spick"nel, n. Etym: [Contr. from spike nail a large, long nail; -- so
called in allusion to the shape of its capillary leaves.] (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous herb (Meum Athamanticum) having finely divided
leaves, common in Europe; -- called also baldmoney, mew, and
bearwort. [Written also spignel.]

SPICOSE
Spi*cose", a. Etym: [L. spica a spike, or ear.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having spikes, or ears, like corn spikes.

SPICOSITY
Spi*cos"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of having, or being full of, ears like corn. [R.]
Bailey.

SPICOUS
Spi"cous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: See Spicose.

SPICULA
Spic"u*la, n.; pl. Spiculæ. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. spica a spike,
ear.] (Bot.)
(a) A little spike; a spikelet.
(b) A pointed fleshy appendage.

SPICULAR
Spic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. spiculum a dart: cf. F. spiculaire.]

Defn: Resembling a dart; having sharp points.

SPICULATE
Spic"u*late, a. Etym: [L. spiculatus, p. p. of spiculare to sharpen,
to point, fr. spiculum a dart.]

1. Covered with, or having, spicules.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Covered with minute spiculæ, or pointed fleshy appendages;
divided into small spikelets.

SPICULATE
Spic"u*late, v. t.

Defn: To sharpen to a point. [R.] "With spiculated paling." Mason.

SPICULE
Spic"ule, n. Etym: [L. spiculum a little point, a dart.]

1. A minute, slender granule, or point.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Spicula.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small calcareous or siliceous body found in the tissues of
various invertebrate animals, especially in sponges and in most
Alcyonaria.

Note: Spicules vary exceedingly in size and shape, and some of those
found in siliceous sponges are very complex in structure and elegant
in form. They are of great use in classification.
Description of the Illustration:
a Acerate; b Tricurvate, or Bowshaped; c d Hamate; e Broomshaped; f
Scepterellate; g Spinispirulate; h Inequi-anchorate; i Sexradiate; j
A Trichite Sheaf; k Six-rayed Capitate; l Rosette of Esperia; m Equi-
anchorate.

SPICULIFORM
Spi*cu"li*form, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the shape of a spicule.

SPICULIGENOUS
Spic`u*lig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. spiculum + -genous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing or containing spicules.

SPICULISPONGIAE
Spic`u*li*spon"gi*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of sponges including those which have independent
siliceous spicules.

SPICULUM
Spic"u*lum, n.; pl. Spicula. Etym: [L., a little point.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Spicule.

SPICY
Spi"cy, a. [Compar. Spicier; superl. Spiciest.] Etym: [From Spice.]

1. Flavored with, or containing, spice or spices; fragrant; aromatic;
as, spicy breezes. "The spicy nut-brown ale." Milton.
Led by new stars, and borne by spicy gales. Pope.

2. Producing, or abounding with, spices.
In hot Ceylon spicy forests grew. Dryden.

3. Fig.: Piquant; racy; as, a spicy debate.

Syn.
 -- Aromatic; fragrant; smart; pungent; pointed; keen. See Racy.

SPIDER
Spi"der, n.Etym: [OE. spi, fr. AS. spinnan to spin; -- so named from
spinning its web; cf. D. spin a spider, G. spinne, Sw. spindel. Seee
Spin.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of arachnids comprising the order
Araneina. Spiders have the mandibles converted into poison fangs, or
falcers. The abdomen is large and not segmented, with two or three
pairs of spinnerets near the end, by means of which they spin threads
of silk to form cocoons, or nests, to protect their eggs and young.
Many species spin also complex webs to entrap the insects upon which
they prey. The eyes are usually eight in number (rarely six), and are
situated on the back of the cephalothorax. See Illust. under
Araneina.

Note: Spiders are divided into two principal groups: the Dipneumona,
having two lungs: and the Tetrapneumona, having four lungs. See
Mygale. The former group includes several tribes; as, the jumping
spiders (see Saltigradæ), the wolf spiders, or Citigradæ (see under
Wolf), the crab spiders, or Laterigradæ (see under Crab), the garden,
or geometric, spiders, or Orbitellæ (see under Geometrical, and
Garden), and others. See Bird spider, under Bird, Grass spider, under
Grass, House spider, under House, Silk spider, under Silk.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of various other arachnids resembling the true spiders,
especially certain mites, as the red spider (see under Red).

3. An iron pan with a long handle, used as a kitchen utensil in
frying food. Originally, it had long legs, and was used over coals on
the hearth.

4. A trevet to support pans or pots over a fire.

5. (Mach.)

Defn: A skeleton, or frame, having radiating arms or members, often
connected by crosspieces; as, a casting forming the hub and spokes to
which the rim of a fly wheel or large gear is bolted; the body of a
piston head; a frame for strengthening a core or mold for a casting,
etc. Spider ant. (Zoöl.) Same as Solitary ant, under Solitary.
 -- Spider crab (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of maioid crabs
having a more or less triangular body and ten long legs. Some of the
species grow to great size, as the great Japanese spider crab
(Macrocheira Kempferi), measuring sometimes more than fifteen feet
across the legs when they are extended.
 -- Spider fly (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of parasitic
dipterous insects of the family Hippoboscidæ. They are mostly
destitute of wings, and live among the feathers of birds and the hair
of bats. Called also bird tick, and bat tick.
 -- Spider hunter (Zoöl.), any one of several species of East Indian
sunbirds of the genus Arachnothera.
 -- Spider lines, filaments of a spider's web crossing the field of
vision in optical instruments; -- used for determining the exact
position of objects and making delicate measurements. Fine wires,
silk fibers, or lines on glass similarly placed, are called spider
lines.
 -- Spider mite. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of parasitic
mites of the genus Argas and allied genera. See Argas. (b) Any one of
numerous small mites injurious to plants.
 -- Spider monkey (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of South
American monkeys of the genus Ateles, having very long legs and a
long prehensile tail.
 -- Spider orchis (Bot.), a European orchidaceous plant (Ophrys
aranifera), having flowers which resemble spiders.
 -- Spider shell (Zoöl.), any shell of the genus Pteroceras. See
Pteroceras.

SPIDERED
Spi"dered, a.

Defn: Infested by spiders; cobwebbed. Wolcott.

SPIDERLIKE
Spi"der*like`, a.

Defn: Like a spider. Shak.

SPIDER STITCH
Spi"der stitch.

Defn: A stitch in lace making used to fill in open spaces with
threads resembling a cobweb.

SPIDER WEB; SPIDER'S WEB
Spi"der web", or Spi"der's web". (Zoöl.)

Defn: The silken web which is formed by most kinds of spiders,
particularly the web spun to entrap their prey. See Geometric spider,
Triangle spider, under Geometric, and Triangle.

SPIDERWORT
Spi"der*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An American endogenous plant (Tradescantia Virginica), with
long linear leaves and ephemeral blue flowers. The name is sometimes
extended to other species of the same genus.

SPIED
Spied,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Spy.

SPIEGELEISEN
Spie"gel*ei`sen, n. Etym: [G. spiegel mirror + eisen iron.]

Defn: See Spiegel iron.

SPIEGEL IRON
Spie"gel i`ron. Etym: [G. spiegel mirror + E. iron.] (Metal.)

Defn: A fusible white cast iron containing a large amount of carbon
(from three and a half to six per cent) and some manganese. When the
manganese reaches twenty-five per cent and upwards it has a granular
structure, and constitutes the alloy ferro manganese, largely used in
the manufacture of Bessemer steel. Called also specular pig iron,
spiegel, and spiegeleisen.

SPIGHT
Spight, n. & v.

Defn: Spite. [Obs.] Spenser.

SPIGHT
Spight, n.

Defn: A woodpecker. See Speight. [Obs.]

SPIGNEL
Spig"nel, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Spickenel.

SPIGNET
Spig"net, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. spikenard.] (Bot.)

Defn: An aromatic plant of America. See Spikenard.

SPIGOT
Spig"ot, n. Etym: [From spick,or spike; cf. Ir. & Gael. spiocaid a
spigot, Ir. spice a spike. See Spike.]

Defn: A pin or peg used to stop the vent in a cask; also, the plug of
a faucet or cock. Spigot and faucet joint, a joint for uniting pipes,
formed by the insertion of the end of one pipe, or pipe fitting, into
a socket at the end of another.

SPIGURNEL
Spi*gur"nel, n. (Eng. Law)

Defn: Formerly the title of the sealer of writs in chancery. Mozley &
W.

SPIKE
Spike, n. Etym: [Akin to LG. spiker, spieker, a large nail, D.
spijker, Sw. spik, Dan. spiger, Icel. spik; all perhaps from L. spica
a point, an ear of grain; but in the sense of nail more likely akin
to E. spoke of a wheel. Cf. Spine.]

1. A sort of very large nail; also, a piece of pointed iron set with
points upward or outward.

2. Anything resembling such a nail in shape.
He wears on his head the corona radiata . . . ; the spikes that shoot
out represent the rays of the sun. Addison.

3. An ear of corn or grain.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of flower cluster in which sessile flowers are arranged
on an unbranched elongated axis. Spike grass (Bot.), either of two
tall perennial American grasses (Uniola paniculata, and U. latifolia)
having broad leaves and large flattened spikelets.
 -- Spike rush. (Bot.) See under Rush.
 -- Spike shell (Zoöl.), any pteropod of the genus Styliola having a
slender conical shell.
 -- Spike team, three horses, or a horse and a yoke of oxen,
harnessed together, a horse leading the oxen or the span. [U.S.]

SPIKE
Spike, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spiked; p. pr. & vb. n. Spiking.]

1. To fasten with spikes, or long, large nails; as, to spike down
planks.

2. To set or furnish with spikes.

3. To fix on a spike. [R.] Young.

4. To stop the vent of (a gun or cannon) by driving a spike nail, or
the like into it.

SPIKE
Spike, n. Etym: [Cf. G. spieke, L. spica an ear of grain. See
Spikenard.] (Bot.)

Defn: Spike lavender. See Lavender. Oil of spike (Chem.), a colorless
or yellowish aromatic oil extracted from the European broad-leaved
lavender, or aspic (Lavendula Spica), used in artist's varnish and in
veterinary medicine. It is often adulterated with oil of turpentine,
which it much resembles.

SPIKEBILL
Spike"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The hooded merganser.
(b) The marbled godwit (Limosa fedoa).

SPIKED
Spiked, a.

Defn: Furnished or set with spikes, as corn; fastened with spikes;
stopped with spikes.
A youth, leaping over the spiked pales, . . . was caught by those
spikes. Wiseman.

SPIKEFISH
Spike"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Sailfish (a)

SPIKELET
Spike"let, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small or secondary spike; especially, one of the ultimate
parts of the in florescence of grasses. See Illust. of Quaking grass.

SPIKENARD
Spike"nard, n.Etym: [For spiked nard; cf. G. spieknarde, NL. spica
nardi. See Spike an ear, and Nard.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An aromatic plant. In the United States it is the Aralia
racemosa, often called spignet, and used as a medicine. The spikenard
of the ancients is the Nardostachys Jatamansi, a native of the
Himalayan region. From its blackish roots a perfume for the hair is
still prepared in India.

2. A fragrant essential oil, as that from the Nardostachys Jatamansi.

SPIKETAIL
Spike"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pintail duck. [Local, U.S.]

SPIKY
Spik"y, a.

1. Like a spike; spikelike.
These spiky, vivid outbursts of metallic vapors. C. A. Young.

2. Having a sharp point, or sharp points; furnished or armed with
spikes.
Or by the spiky harrow cleared away. Dyer.
The spiky wheels through heaps of carnage tore. Pope.

SPILE
Spile, n. Etym: [Cf. LG. spile, dial. G. speil, speiler, D. spijl.
*170.]

1. A small plug or wooden pin, used to stop a vent, as in a cask.

2. A small tube or spout inserted in a tree for conducting sap, as
from a sugar maple.

3. A large stake driven into the ground as a support for some
superstructure; a pile. Spile hole, a small air hole in a cask; a
vent.

SPILE
Spile, v. t.

Defn: To supply with a spile or a spigot; to make a small vent in, as
a cask.

SPILIKIN
Spil"i*kin, n. Etym: [OD. spelleken a small pin. See Spill a
splinter.]

Defn: One of a number of small pieces or pegs of wood, ivory, bone,
or other material, for playing a game, or for counting the score in a
game, as in cribbage. In the plural (spilikins), a game played with
such pieces; pushpin. [Written also spillikin, spilliken.]

SPILL
Spill, n. Etym: [sq. root170. Cf. Spell a splinter.]

1. A bit of wood split off; a splinter. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

2. A slender piece of anything. Specifically: --
(a) A peg or pin for plugging a hole, as in a cask; a spile.
(b) A metallic rod or pin.
(c) A small roll of paper, or slip of wood, used as a lamplighter,
etc.
(d) (Mining) One of the thick laths or poles driven horizontally
ahead of the main timbering in advancing a level in loose ground.

3. A little sum of money. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

SPILL
Spill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spilt; p. pr. & vb. n. Spilling.]

Defn: To cover or decorate with slender pieces of wood, metal, ivory,
etc.; to inlay. [Obs.] Spenser.

SPILL
Spill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spilled, or Spilt (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Spilling.] Etym: [OE. spillen,sually, to destroy, AS. spillan,
spildan, to destroy; akin to Icel. spilla to destroy, Sw. spilla to
spill, Dan. spilde,G. & D. spillen to squander, OHG. spildan.]

1. To destroy; to kill; to put an end to. [Obs.]
And gave him to the queen, all at her will To choose whether she
would him save or spill. Chaucer.
Greater glory think [it] to save than spill. Spenser.

2. To mar; to injure; to deface; hence, to destroy by misuse; to
waste. [Obs.]
They [the colors] disfigure the stuff and spill the whole
workmanship. Puttenham.
Spill not the morning, the quintessence of day, in recreations.
Fuller.

3. To suffer to fall or run out of a vessel; to lose, or suffer to be
scattered; -- applied to fluids and to substances whose particles are
small and loose; as, to spill water from a pail; to spill quicksilver
from a vessel; to spill powder from a paper; to spill sand or flour.

Note: Spill differs from pour in expressing accidental loss, -- a
loss or waste contrary to purpose.

4. To cause to flow out and be lost or wasted; to shed, or suffer to
be shed, as in battle or in manslaughter; as, a man spills another's
blood, or his own blood.
And to revenge his blood so justly spilt. Dryden.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: To relieve a sail from the pressure of the wind, so that it can
be more easily reefed or furled, or to lessen the strain. Spilling
line (Naut.), a rope used for spilling, or dislodging, the wind from
the belly of a sail. Totten.

SPILL
Spill, v. i.

1. To be destroyed, ruined, or wasted; to come to ruin; to perish; to
waste. [Obs.]
That thou wilt suffer innocents to spill. Chaucer.

2. To be shed; to run over; to fall out, and be lost or wasted. "He
was so topful of himself, that he let it spill on all the company."
I. Watts.

SPILLER
Spill"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, spills.

2. A kind of fishing line with many hooks; a boulter.

SPILLET FISHING; SPILLIARD FISHING
Spil"let fish`ing, Spil"liard fish`ing,

Defn: A system or method of fishing by means of a number of hooks set
on snoods all on one line; -- in North America, called trawl fishing,
bultow, or bultow fishing, and long-line fishing.

SPILLIKIN
Spil"li*kin, n.

Defn: See Spilikin.

SPILLWAY
Spill"way`, n.

Defn: A sluiceway or passage for superfluous water in a reservoir, to
prevent too great pressure on the dam.

SPILT
Spilt,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Spill. Spilled.

SPILTER
Spil"ter, n. Etym: [From Spill, n.]

Defn: Any one of the small branches on a stag's head. [Obs.] Howell.

SPILTH
Spilth, n. Etym: [From Spill.]

Defn: Anything spilt, or freely poured out; slop; effusion. [Archaic]
"With drunken spilth of wine." Shak.
Choicest cates, and the flagon's best spilth. R. Browning.

SPIN
Spin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spun (Archaic imp. Span (); p. pr. & vb. n.
Spinning.] Etym: [AS. spinnan; akin to D. & G. spinnen, Icel. & Sw.
spinna, Dan. spinde, Goth. spinnan, and probably to E. span. sq.
root170. Cf. Span, v. t., Spider.]

1. To draw out, and twist into threads, either by the hand or
machinery; as, to spin wool, cotton, or flax; to spin goat's hair; to
produce by drawing out and twisting a fibrous material.
All the yarn she [Penelope] spun in Ulysses' absence did but fill
Ithaca full of moths. Shak.

2. To draw out tediously; to form by a slow process, or by degrees;
to extend to a great length; -- with out; as, to spin out large
volumes on a subject.
Do you mean that story is tediously spun out Sheridan.

3. To protract; to spend by delays; as, to spin out the day in
idleness.
By one delay after another they spin out their whole lives.
L'Estrange.

4. To cause to turn round rapidly; to whirl; to twirl; as, to spin a
top.

5. To form (a web, a cocoon, silk, or the like) from threads produced
by the extrusion of a viscid, transparent liquid, which hardens on
coming into contact with the air; -- said of the spider, the
silkworm, etc.

6. (Mech.)

Defn: To shape, as malleable sheet metal, into a hollow form, by
bending or buckling it by pressing against it with a smooth hand tool
or roller while the metal revolves, as in a lathe. To spin a yarn
(Naut.), to tell a story, esp. a long or fabulous tale.
 -- To spin hay (Mil.), to twist it into ropes for convenient
carriage on an expedition.
 -- To spin street yarn, to gad about gossiping. [Collog.]

SPIN
Spin, v. i.

1. To practice spinning; to work at drawing and twisting threads; to
make yarn or thread from fiber; as, the woman knows how to spin; a
machine or jenny spins with great exactness.
They neither know to spin, nor care to toll. Prior.

2. To move round rapidly; to whirl; to revolve, as a top or a
spindle, about its axis.
Round about him spun the landscape, Sky and forest reeled together.
Longfellow.
With a whirligig of jubilant mosquitoes spinning about each head. G.
W. Cable.

3. To stream or issue in a thread or a small current or jet; as,
blood spinsfrom a vein. Shak.

4. To move swifty; as, to spin along the road in a carriage, on a
bicycle, etc. [Colloq.]

SPIN
Spin, n.

1. The act of spinning; as, the spin of a top; a spin a bicycle.
[Colloq.]

2. (Kinematics)

Defn: Velocity of rotation about some specified axis. go for a spin
take a spin, take a trip in a wheeled vehicle, usu. an automobile.

SPINA BIFIDA
Spi"na bif"i*da. (Med.) Etym: [L., cleft spine.]

Defn: A congenital malformation in which the spinal column is cleft
at its lower portion, and the membranes of the spinal cord project as
an elastic swelling from the gap thus formed.

SPINACEOUS
Spi*na"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the plant spinach, or the
family of plants to which it belongs.

SPINACH; SPINAGE
Spin"ach, Spin"age, n. Etym: [OF. espinache, espinoche, F. épinard;
cf. F. spinace, Sp. espinaca; all fr. Ar. isfanaj, isfinaj, aspanakh,
probably of Persian origin.] (Bot.)

Defn: A common pot herb (Spinacia oleracea) belonging to the
Goosefoot family. Mountain spinach. See Garden orache, under Orache.
 -- New Zealand spinach (Bot.), a coarse herb (Tetragonia expansa), a
poor substitute for spinach.

Note: Various other pot herbs are locally called spinach.

SPINAL
Spi"nal, a. Etym: [L. spinalis, fr. spina the spine: cf. F. spinal.
See Spine.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the backbone, or
vertebral column; rachidian; vertebral.

2. Of or pertaining to a spine or spines. Spinal accessory nerves,
the eleventh pair of cranial nerves in the higher vertebrates. They
originate from the spinal cord and pass forward into the skull, from
which they emerge in company with the pneumogastrics.
 -- Spinal column, the backbone, or connected series or vertebræ
which forms the axis of the vertebrate skeleton; the spine; rachis;
vertebral column.
 -- Spinal cord, the great nervous cord extending backward from the
brain along the dorsal side of the spinal column of a vertebrate
animal, and usually terminating in a threadlike appendage called the
filum terminale; the spinal, or vertebral, marrow; the myelon. The
nervous tissue consists of nerve fibers and nerve cells, the latter
being confined to the so-called gray matter of the central portions
of the cord, while the peripheral white matter is composed of nerve
fibers only. The center of the cord is traversed by a slender canal
connecting with the ventricles of the brain.

SPINATE
Spi"nate, a.

Defn: Bearing a spine; spiniform.

SPINDLE
Spin"dle, n. Etym: [AS. spinal, fr. spinnan to spin; akin to D. spil,
G. spille, spindel, OHG. spinnala. sq. root170. See Spin.]

1. The long, round, slender rod or pin in spinning wheels by which
the thread is twisted, and on which, when twisted, it is wound; also,
the pin on which the bobbin is held in a spinning machine, or in the
shuttle of a loom.

2. A slender rod or pin on which anything turns; an axis; as, the
spindle of a vane. Specifically: --(a) (Mach.)

Defn: The shaft, mandrel, or arbor, in a machine tool, as a lathe or
drilling machine, etc., which causes the work to revolve, or carries
a tool or center, etc.
(b) (Mach.) The vertical rod on which the runner of a grinding mill
turns.
(c) (Founding) A shaft or pipe on which a core of sand is formed.

3. The fusee of a watch.

4. A long and slender stalk resembling a spindle.

5. A yarn measure containing, in cotton yarn, 15,120 yards; in linen
yarn, 14,400 yards.

6. (Geom.)

Defn: A solid generated by the revolution of a curved line about its
base or double ordinate or chord.

7. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any marine univalve shell of the genus Rostellaria; -- called
also spindle stromb.
(b) Any marine gastropod of the genus Fusus. Dead spindle (Mach.), a
spindle in a machine tool that does not revolve; the spindle of the
tailstock of a lathe.
 -- Live spindle (Mach.), the revolving spindle of a machine tool;
the spindle of the headstock of a turning lathe.
 -- Spindle shell. (Zoöl.) See Spindle, 7. above.
 -- Spindle side, the female side in descent; in the female line;
opposed to spear side. Ld. Lytton. [R.] "King Lycaon, grandson, by
the spindle side, of Oceanus." Lowell.
 -- Spindle tree (Bot.), any shrub or tree of the genus Eunymus. The
wood of E. Europæus was used for spindles and skewers. See Prickwood.

SPINDLE
Spin"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Spindled(); p. pr. & vb. n. Spindling.]

Defn: To shoot or grow into a long, slender stalk or body; to become
disproportionately tall and slender.
It has begun to spindle into overintellectuality. Lowell.

SPINDLE-LEGGED
Spin"dle-legged`, a.

Defn: Having long, slender legs.

SPINDLELEGS
Spin"dle*legs`, n.

Defn: A spindlehanks.

SPINDLE-SHANKED
Spin"dle-shanked`, a.

Defn: Having long, slender legs. Addison.

SPINDLESHANKS
Spin"dle*shanks`, n.

Defn: A person with slender shanks, or legs; -- used humorously or in
contempt.

SPINDLE-SHAPED
Spin"dle-shaped`, a.

1. Having the shape of a spindle.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Thickest in the middle, and tapering to both ends; fusiform; --
applied chiefly to roots.

SPINDLETAIL
Spin"dle*tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pintail duck. [Local, U.S.]

SPINDLEWORM
Spin"dle*worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of a noctuid mmoth (Achatodes zeæ) which feeds inside
the stalks of corn (maize), sometimes causing much damage. It is
smooth, with a black head and tail and a row of black dots across
each segment.

SPINDLING
Spin"dling, a.

Defn: Long and slender, or disproportionately tall and slender; as, a
spindling tree; a spindling boy.

SPINDRIFT
Spin"drift, n.

Defn: Same as Spoondrift.

The ocean waves are broken up by wind, ultimately producing the storm
wrack and spindrift of the tempest-tossed sea.
J. E. Marr.

SPINE
Spine, n. Etym: [L. spina thorn, the spine; akin to spica a point:
cf. OF. espine, F. épine. Cf. Spike, Spinet a musical instrument,
Spinny.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A sharp appendage to any of a plant; a thorn.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A rigid and sharp projection upon any part of an animal.
(b) One of the rigid and undivided fin rays of a fish.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The backbone, or spinal column, of an animal; -- so called from
the projecting processes upon the vertebræ.

4. Anything resembling the spine or backbone; a ridge.

SPINEBACK
Spine"back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish having spines in, or in front of, the dorsal fins.

SPINEBILL
Spine"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Australian birds of the genus Acanthorhynchus.
They are related to the honey eaters.

SPINED
Spined, a.

Defn: Furnished with spines; spiny.

SPINE-FINNED
Spine"-finned`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having fine supported by spinous fin rays; -- said of certain
fishes.

SPINEL; SPINELLE
Spi*nel", Spi*nelle", n. Etym: [F. spinelle, or LL. spinellus,
perhaps from L. spina a thorn, a prickle, in allusion to its pointed
crystals.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occuring in octahedrons of great hardness and various
colors, as red, green, blue, brown, and black, the red variety being
the gem spinel ruby. It consist essentially of alumina and magnesia,
but commonly contains iron and sometimes also chromium.

Note: The spinel group includes spinel proper, also magnetite,
chromite, franklinite, gahnite, etc., all of which may be regarded as
composed of a sesquioxide and a protoxide in equal proportions.

SPINEL
Spin"el, n.

Defn: Bleached yarn in making the linen tape called inkle; unwrought
inkle. Knight.

SPINELESS
Spine"less, a.

Defn: Having no spine.

SPINESCENCE
Spi*nes"cence, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being spinescent or spiny; also, a
spiny growth or covering, as of certain animals.

SPINESCENT
Spi*nes"cent, a.Etym: [L. spinescens, -entis, p. pr. of spinescere to
know to grow thorny, fr. spina a thorn: cf. F. spinescent.] (Bot.)

Defn: Becoming hard and thorny; tapering gradually to a rigid,
leafless point; armed with spines. Gray.

SPINET
Spin"et, n. Etym: [OF. espinete, F. épinette (cf. It. spinetta), fr.
L. spina a thorn; -- so called because its quills resemble thorns.
See Spine.] (Mus.)

Defn: A keyed instrument of music resembling a harpsichord, but
smaller, with one string of brass or steel wire to each note, sounded
by means of leather or quill plectrums or jacks. It was formerly much
used. Dumb spinet. (Mus.) See Manichordon.

SPINET
Spi"net, n. Etym: [L. spinetum. See Spinny.]

Defn: A spinny. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SPINETAIL
Spine"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one or several species of swifts of the genus Acanthylis, or
Chætura, and allied genera, in which the shafts of the tail feathers
terminate in rigid spines.
(b) Any one of several species of South American and Central American
clamatorial birds belonging to Synallaxis and allied genera of the
family Dendrocolaptidæ. They are allied to the ovenbirds.
(c) The ruddy duck. [Local, U.S.]

SPINE-TAILED
Spine"-tailed, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the tail quills ending in sharp, naked tips. Spine-
tailed swift. (Zoöl.) See Spinetail (a).

SPINETED
Spin"et*ed, a.

Defn: Slit; cleft. [Obs. & R.]

SPINIFEROUS
Spi*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. spinifer; spina thorn + ferre to
produce.]

Defn: Producing spines; bearing thorns or spines; thorny; spiny.

SPINIFEX
Spin"i*fex, n. [NL.; L. spina spine + facere to make.]

1. (Bot.) A genus of chiefly Australian grasses, the seeds of which
bear an elastic spine. S. hirsutus (black grass) and S. longifolius
are useful as sand binders. S. paradoxusis a valuable perennial
fodder plant. Also, a plant of this genus.

2.  Any of several Australian grasses of the genus Tricuspis, which
often form dense, almost impassable growth, their leaves being stiff
and sharp-pointed.

SPINIFORM
Spin"i*form, a.

Defn: Shaped like a spine.

SPINIGEROUS
Spi*nig"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. spiniger; spina spine + gerere to bear.]

Defn: Bearing a spine or spines; thorn-bearing.

SPININESS
Spin"i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being spiny.

SPINI-SPIRULATE
Spin`i-*spir"u*late, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having spines arranged spirally. See Spicule.

SPINK
Spink, n. Etym: [Cf. dial. Sw. spink a kind of small bird, Gr.
finch.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chaffinch.

SPINNAKER
Spin"na*ker, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A large triangular sail set upon a boom, -- used when running
before the wind.

SPINNER
Spin"ner, n.

1. One who, or that which, spins one skilled in spinning; a spinning
machine.

2. A spider. "Long-legged spinners." Shak.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A goatsucker; -- so called from the peculiar noise it makes
when darting through the air.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spinneret. Ring spinner, a machine for spinning, in which the
twist, given to the yarn by a revolving bobbin, is regulated by the
drag of a small metal loop which slides around a ring encircling the
bobbin, instead of by a throstle.

SPINNERET
Spin"ner*et, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the special jointed organs situated on the under side,
and near the end, of the abdomen of spiders, by means of which they
spin their webs. Most spiders have three pairs of spinnerets, but
some have only two pairs. The ordinary silk line of the spider is
composed of numerous smaller lines jointed after issuing from the
spinnerets.

SPINNERULE
Spin"ner*ule, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the numerous small spinning tubes on the spinnerets of
spiders.

SPINNEY
Spin"ney, n.; pl. Spinneys (.

Defn: Same as Spinny. T. Hughes.

SPINNING
Spin"ning, a. & n.

Defn: from Spin. Spinning gland (Zoöl.), one of the glands which form
the material for spinning the silk of silkworms and other larvæ.
 -- Spinning house, formerly a common name for a house of correction
in England, the women confined therein being employed in spinning.
 -- Spinning jenny (Mach.), an engine or machine for spinning wool or
cotton, by means of a large number of spindles revolving
simultaneously.
 -- Spinning mite (Zoöl.), the red spider.
 -- Spinning wheel, a machine for spinning yarn or thread, in which a
wheel drives a single spindle, and is itself driven by the hand, or
by the foot acting on a treadle.

SPINNY
Spin"ny, n.; pl. Spinnies. Etym: [OF. espinaye,espinoye, espinei,
espanoi, F. épinaie, from L. spinetum a thicket of thorns, fr. spina
a thorn. See Spine.]

Defn: A small thicket or grove with undergrowth; a clump of trees.
[Written also spinney, and spinny.]
The downs rise steep, crowned with black fir spinnies. C. Kingsley.

SPINNY
Spin"ny, a. Etym: [Cf. Spiny, a.]

Defn: Thin and long; slim; slender. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SPINOSE
Spi*nose", a.Etym: [L. spinosus, from spina a thorn.]

Defn: Full of spines; armed with thorns; thorny.

SPINOSITY
Spi*nos"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being spiny or thorny; spininess.

SPINOUS
Spi"nous, a.

1. Spinose; thorny.

2. Having the form of a spine or thorn; spinelike. Spinous process of
a vertebra (Anat.), the dorsal process of the neural arch of a
vertebra; a neurapophysis.

SPINOZISM
Spi*no"zism, n.

Defn: The form of Pantheism taught by Benedict Spinoza, that there is
but one substance, or infinite essence, in the universe, of which the
so-called material and spiritual beings and phenomena are only modes,
and that one this one substance is God. [Written also Spinosism.]

SPINOZIST
Spi*no"zist, n.

Defn: A believer in Spinozism.

SPINSTER
Spin"ster, n. Etym: [Spin + -ster.]

1. A woman who spins, or whose occupation is to spin.
She spake to spinster to spin it out. Piers Plowman.
The spinsters and the knitters in the sun. Shak.

2. A man who spins. [Obs.] Shak.

3. (Law)

Defn: An unmarried or single woman; -- used in legal proceedings as a
title, or addition to the surname.
If a gentlewoman be termed a spinster, she may abate the writ. Coke.

4. A woman of evil life and character; -- so called from being forced
to spin in a house of correction. [Obs.]

SPINSTRESS
Spin"stress, n.

Defn: A woman who spins. T. Brown.

SPINSTRY
Spin"stry, n.

Defn: The business of one who spins; spinning. [Obs.] Milton.

SPINTHARISCOPE
Spin*thar"i*scope, n. [Gr. spinqari`s spark + -scope.]

Defn: A small instrument containing a minute particle of a radium
compound mounted in front of a fluorescent screen and viewed with
magnifying lenses. The tiny flashes produced by the continual
bombardment of the screen by the a rays are thus rendered visible. --
Spin*thar`i*scop"ic (#), a.

SPINULE
Spin"ule, n. Etym: [L. spinula, dim. of spina a spine: cf. F.
spinule.]

Defn: A minute spine. Dana.

SPINULESCENT
Spin`u*les"cent, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having small spines; somewhat thorny.

SPINULOSE; SPINULOUS
Spin"u*lose`, Spin"u*lous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. spinuleux.]

Defn: Covered with small spines.

SPINY
Spin"y, a. Etym: [From Spine.]

1. Full of spines; thorny; as, a spiny tree.

2. Like a spine in shape; slender. "Spiny grasshoppers sit chirping."
Chapman.

3. Fig.: Abounding with difficulties or annoyances.
The spiny deserts of scholastic philosophy. Bp. Warburton.
Spiny lobster. (Zoöl.) Same as Rock lobster, under Rock. See also
Lobster.

SPINY
Spin"y, n.

Defn: See Spinny.

SPIODEA
Spi*o"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Spio the typical genus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division of marine Annelida, including those that
are without oral tentacles or cirri, and have the gills, when
present, mostly arranged along the sides of the body. They generally
live in burrows or tubes.

SPIRABLE
Spi"ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. spirabilis.]

Defn: Capable of being breathed; respirable. [Obs.] Nash.

SPIRACLE
Spir"a*cle, n.Etym: [L. spiraculum, fr. spirare to breathe: cf. F.
spiracule. See Spirit.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The nostril, or one of the nostrils, of whales, porpoises, and
allied animals.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the external openings communicating with the air tubes or
tracheæ of insects, myriapods, and arachnids. They are variable in
number, and are usually situated on the sides of the thorax and
abdomen, a pair to a segment. These openings are usually elliptical,
and capable of being closed. See Illust. under Coleoptera.
(a) A tubular orifice communicating with the gill cavity of certain
ganoid and all elasmobranch fishes. It is the modified first gill
cleft.

3. Any small aperture or vent for air or other fluid.

SPIRACULAR
Spi*rac"u*lar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a spiracle.

SPIRAEA
Spi*ræ"a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs or perennial herbs including the meadowsweet
and the hardhack.

SPIRAEIC
Spi*ræ"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the meadowsweet (Spiræa);
formerly, designating an acid which is now called salicylic acid.

SPIRAL
Spi"ral, a. Etym: [Cf. F. spiral. See Spire a winding line.]

1. Winding or circling round a center or pole and gradually receding
from it; as, the spiral curve of a watch spring.

2. Winding round a cylinder or imaginary axis, and at the same time
rising or advancing forward; winding like the thread of a screw;
helical.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a spiral; like a spiral. Spiral gear, or
Spiral wheel (Mach.), a gear resembling in general a spur gear, but
having its teeth cut at an angle with its axis, or so that they form
small portions of screws or spirals.
 -- Spiral gearing, a kind of gearing sometimes used in light
machinery, in which spiral gears, instead of bevel gears, are used to
transmit motion between shafts that are not parallel.
 -- Spiral operculum, an operculum whih has spiral lines of growth.
 -- Spiral shell, any shell in which the whorls form a spiral or
helix.
 -- Spiral spring. See the Note under Spring, n., 4.

SPIRAL
Spi"ral, n. Etym: [Cf. F. spirale. See Spiral, a.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A plane curve, not reëntrant, described by a point, called the
generatrix, moving along a straight line according to a mathematical
law, while the line is revolving about a fixed point called the pole.
Cf. Helix.

2. Anything which has a spiral form, as a spiral shell. Equiangular
spiral,a plane curve which cuts all its generatrices at the same
angle. Same as Logarithmic spiral, under Logarithmic.
 -- Spiral of Archimedes, a spiral the law of which is that the
generatrix moves uniformly along the revolving line, which also moves
uniformly.

SPIRALITY
Spi*ral"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or states of being spiral.

SPIRALLY
Spi"ral*ly, adv.

Defn: In a spiral form, manner, or direction.

SPIRALOZOOID
Spi*ra`lo*zo"oid, n. Etym: [Spiral + zooid. So called because they
often have a spiral form when contracted.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the special defensive zooids of certain hydroids. They
have the form of long, slender tentacles, and bear lasso cells.

SPIRANT
Spi"rant, n. Etym: [L. spirans, -antis, p. pr. of spirare to breathe.
See Spirit.] (Phon.)

Defn: A term used differently by different authorities; -- by some as
equivalent to fricative, -- that is, as including all the continuous
consonants, except the nasals m, n, ng; with the further exception,
by others, of the liquids r, l, and the semivowels w, y; by others
limited to f, v, th surd and sonant, and the sound of German ch, --
thus excluding the sibilants, as well as the nasals, liquids, and
semivowels. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 197-208.

SPIRANTHY
Spi*ran"thy, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The occasional twisted growth of the parts of a flower.

SPIRATION
Spi*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. spiratio, fr. spirare to breathe.]

Defn: The act of breathing. [Obs.] Barrow.

SPIRE
Spire, v. i. Etym: [L. spirare to breathe. See Spirit.]

Defn: To breathe. [Obs.] Shenstone.

SPIRE
Spire, n. Etym: [OE. spire, spir, a blade of grass, a young shoot,
AS. spir; akin to G. spier a blade of grass, Dan. spire a sprout,
sprig, Sw. spira a spar, Icel. spira.]

1. A slender stalk or blade in vegetation; as, a spire grass or of
wheat.
An oak cometh up a little spire. Chaucer.

2. A tapering body that shoots up or out to a point in a conical or
pyramidal form. Specifically (Arch.), the roof of a tower when of a
pyramidal form and high in proportion to its width; also, the
pyramidal or aspiring termination of a tower which can not be said to
have a roof, such as that of Strasburg cathedral; the tapering part
of a steeple, or the steeple itself. "With glistering spires and
pinnacles adorned." Milton.
A spire of land that stand apart, Cleft from the main. Tennyson.
Tall spire from which the sound of cheerful bells Just undulates upon
the listening ear. Cowper.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A tube or fuse for communicating fire to the chargen in
blasting.

4. The top, or uppermost point, of anything; the summit.
The spire and top of praises. Shak.

SPIRE
Spire, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Spired; p. pr. & vb. n. Spiring.]

Defn: To shoot forth, or up in, or as if in, a spire. Emerson.
It is not so apt to spire up as the other sorts, being more inclined
to branch into arms. Mortimer.

SPIRE
Spire, n. Etym: [L. spira coil, twist; akin to Gr. spire.]

1. A spiral; a curl; a whorl; a twist. Dryden.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: The part of a spiral generated in one revolution of the
straight line about the pole. See Spiral, n. Spire bearer. (Paleon.)
Same as Spirifer.

SPIRED
Spired, a.

Defn: Having a spire; being in the form of a spire; as, a spired
steeple. Mason.

SPIRICLE
Spi"ri*cle, n. Etym: [Dim., fr. L. spira a coil.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of certain minute coiled threads in the coating of some
seeds. When moistened these threads protrude in great numbers. Gray.

SPIRIFER
Spi"ri*fer, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. spira a coil + ferreto bear.]
(Paleon.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of fossil brachipods of the genus
Spirifer, or Delthyris, and allied genera, in which the long
calcareous supports of the arms form a large spiral, or helix, on
each side.

SPIRILLUM
Spi*ril"lum, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. spira a coil.] (Biol.)

Defn: A genus of common motile microörganisms (Spirobacteria) having
the form of spiral-shaped filaments. One species is said to be the
cause of relapsing fever.

SPIRING
Spir"ing, a.

Defn: Shooting up in a spire or spires. "The spiring grass." Dryton.

SPIRIT
Spir"it, n. Etym: [OF. espirit, esperit, F. esprit, L. spiritus, from
spirare to breathe, to blow. Cf. Conspire, Expire, Esprit, Sprite.]

1. Air set in motion by breathing; breath; hence, sometimes, life
itself. [Obs.] "All of spirit would deprive." Spenser.
The mild air, with season moderate, Gently attempered, and disposed
eo well, That still it breathed foorth sweet spirit. Spenser.

2. A rough breathing; an aspirate, as the letter h; also, a mark to
denote aspiration; a breathing. [Obs.]
Be it a letter or spirit, we have great use for it. B. Jonson.

3. Life, or living substance, considered independently of corporeal
existence; an intelligence conceived of apart from any physical
organization or embodiment; vital essence, force, or energy, as
distinct from matter.

4. The intelligent, immaterial and immortal part of man; the soul, in
distinction from the body in which it resides; the agent or subject
of vital and spiritual functions, whether spiritual or material.
There is a spirit in man; and the inspiration of the Almighty giveth
them understanding. Job xxxii. 8.
As the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is
dead also. James ii. 26.
Spirit is a substance wherein thinking, knowing, doubting, and a
power of moving, do subsist. Locke.

5. Specifically, a disembodied soul; the human soul after it has left
the body.
Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was, and the spirit
shall return unto God who gave it. Eccl. xii. 7.
Ye gentle spirits far away, With whom we shared the cup of grace.
Keble.

6. Any supernatural being, good or bad; an apparition; a specter; a
ghost; also, sometimes, a sprite,; a fairy; an elf.
Whilst young, preserve his tender mind from all impressions of
spirits and goblins in the dark. Locke.

7. Energy, vivacity, ardor, enthusiasm, courage, etc.
"Write it then, quickly," replied Bede; and summoning all his spirits
together, like the last blaze of a candle going out, he indited it,
and expired. Fuller.

8. One who is vivacious or lively; one who evinces great activity or
peculiar characteristics of mind or temper; as, a ruling spirit; a
schismatic spirit.
Such spirits as he desired to please, such would I choose for my
judges. Dryden.

9. Temper or disposition of mind; mental condition or disposition;
intellectual or moral state; -- often in the plural; as, to be
cheerful, or in good spirits; to be downhearted, or in bad spirits.
God has . . . made a spirit of building succeed a spirit of pulling
down. South.
A perfect judge will read each work of wit With the same spirit that
its author writ. Pope.

10. Intent; real meaning; -- opposed to the letter, or to formal
statement; also, characteristic quality, especially such as is
derived from the individual genius or the personal character; as, the
spirit of an enterprise, of a document, or the like.

11. Tenuous, volatile, airy, or vapory substance, possessed of active
qualities.
All bodies have spirits . . . within them. Bacon.

12. Any liquid produced by distillation; especially, alcohol, the
spirits, or spirit, of wine (it having been first distilled from
wine): -- often in the plural.

13. pl.

Defn: Rum, whisky, brandy, gin, and other distilled liquors having
much alcohol, in distinction from wine and malt liquors.

14. (Med.)

Defn: A solution in alcohol of a volatile principle. Cf. Tincture. U.
S. Disp.

15. (Alchemy)

Defn: Any one of the four substances, sulphur, sal ammoniac,
quicksilver, or arsenic (or, according to some, orpiment).
The four spirits and the bodies seven. Chaucer.

16. (Dyeing)

Defn: Stannic chloride. See under Stannic.

Note: Spirit is sometimes joined with other words, forming compounds,
generally of obvious signification; as, spirit-moving, spirit-
searching, spirit-stirring, etc. Astral spirits, Familiar spirits,
etc. See under Astral, Familiar, etc.
 -- Animal spirits. (a) (Physiol.) The fluid which at one time was
supposed to circulate through the nerves and was regarded as the
agent of sensation and motion; -- called also the nervous fluid, or
nervous principle. (b) Physical health and energy; frolicsomeness;
sportiveness.
 -- Ardent spirits, strong alcoholic liquors, as brandy, rum, whisky,
etc., obtained by distillation.
 -- Holy Spirit, or The Spirit (Theol.), the Spirit of God, or the
third person of the Trinity; the Holy Ghost. The spirit also
signifies the human spirit as influenced or animated by the Divine
Spirit.
 -- Proof spirit. (Chem.) See under Proof.
 -- Rectified spirit (Chem.), spirit rendered purer or more
concentrated by redistillation, so as to increase the percentage of
absolute alcohol.
 -- Spirit butterfly (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of delicate
butterflies of tropical America belonging to the genus Ithomia. The
wings are gauzy and nearly destitute of scales.
 -- Spirit duck. (Zoöl.) (a) The buffle-headed duck. (b) The golden-
eye.
 -- Spirit lamp (Art), a lamp in which alcohol or methylated spirit
is burned.
 -- Spirit level. See under Level.
 -- Spirit of hartshorn. (Old Chem.) See under Hartshorn.
 -- Spirit of Mindererus (Med.), an aqueous solution of acetate of
ammonium; -- named after R. Minderer, physician of Augsburg.
 -- Spirit of nitrous ether (Med. Chem.), a pale yellow liquid, of a
sweetish taste and a pleasant ethereal odor. It is obtained by the
distillatin of alcohol with nitric and sulphuric acids, and consists
essentially of ethyl nitrite with a little acetic aldehyde. It is
used a diaphoretic, diuretic, antispasmodic, etc. Called also sweet
spirit of niter.
 -- Spirit of salt (Chem.), hydrochloric acid; -- so called because
obtained from salt and sulphuric acid. [Obs.] -- Spirit of sense, the
utmost refinement of sensation. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- Spirits, or Spirit, of turpentine (Chem.), rectified oil of
turpentine, a transparent, colorless, volatile, and very inflammable
liquid, distilled from the turpentine of the various species of pine;
camphine. See Camphine.
 -- Spirit of vitriol (Chem.), sulphuric acid; -- so called because
formerly obtained by the distillation of green vitriol. [Obs.] --
Spirit of vitriolic ether (Chem.) ether; -- often but incorrectly
called sulphuric ether. See Ether. [Obs.] -- Spirits, or Spirit, of
wine (Chem.), alcohol; -- so called because formerly obtained by the
distillation of wine.
 -- Spirit rapper, one who practices spirit rapping; a "medium" so
called.
 -- Spirit rapping, an alleged form of communication with the spirits
of the dead by raps. See Spiritualism, 3.
 -- Sweet spirit of niter. See Spirit of nitrous ether, above.

Syn.
 -- Life; ardor; energy; fire; courage; animatioon; cheerfulness;
vivacity; enterprise.

SPIRIT
Spir"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spirited; p. pr. & vb. n. Spiriting.]

1. To animate with vigor; to excite; to encourage; to inspirit; as,
civil dissensions often spirit the ambition of private men; --
sometimes followed by up.
Many officers and private men spirit up and assist those obstinate
people to continue in their rebellion. Swift
.

2. To convey rapidly and secretly, or mysteriously, as if by the
agency of a spirit; to kidnap; -- often with away, or off.
The ministry had him spirited away, and carried abroad as a dangerous
person. Arbuthnot & Pope.
I felt as if I had been spirited into some castle of antiquity.
Willis.
Spiriting away (Law), causing to leave; the offense of inducing a
witness to leave a jurisdiction so as to evade process requiring
attendance at trial.

SPIRITALLY
Spir"it*al*ly, adv.Etym: [L. spiritalis belonging to breathing.]

Defn: By means of the breath. [Obs.] Holder.

SPIRITED
Spir"it*ed, a.

1. Animated or possessed by a spirit. [Obs.] "So talked the spirited,
sly snake." Milton.

2. Animated; full of life or vigor; lively; full of spirit or fire;
as, a spirited oration; a spirited answer.

Note: Spirited is much used in composition; as in high-spirited, low-
spirited, mean-spirited, etc.

Syn.
 -- Lively; vivacious; animated; ardent; active; bold; courageous.
 -- Spir"it*ed*ly, adv.
 -- Spir"it*ed*ness, n.

SPIRITFUL
Spir"it*ful, a.

Defn: Full of spirit; spirited. [R.]
The spiritful and orderly life of our own grown men. Milton.
-- Spir"it*ful*ly, adv.
 -- Spir"it*ful*ness, n.

SPIRITISM
Spir"it*ism, n.

Defn: Spiritualsm.

SPIRITIST
Spir"it*ist, n.

Defn: A spiritualist.

SPIRITLESS
Spir"it*less, a.

1. Destitute of spirit; wanting animation; wanting cheerfulness;
dejected; depressed.

2. Destitute of vigor; wanting life, courage, or fire.
A men so faint, so spiritless, So dull, so dead in lock, so
woebegone. Shak.

3. Having no breath; extinct; dead. "The spiritless body." Greenhill.
 -- Spir"it*less*ly, adv.
 -- Spir"it*less*ness, n.

SPIRITOSO
Spi`ri*to"so, a. & adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Spirited; spiritedly; -- a direction to perform a passage in an
animated, lively manner.

SPIRITOUS
Spir"it*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. Spirituous.]

1. Like spirit; refined; defecated; pure. [R.]
More refined, more spirituous and pure. Milton.

2. Ardent; active. [R.]

SPIRITOUSNESS
Spir"it*ous*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being spiritous. [R.]

SPIRITUAL
Spir"it*u*al, a. Etym: [L. spiritualis: cf. F. spirituel. See
Spirit.]

1. Consisting of spirit; not material; incorporeal; as, a spiritual
substance or being.
It is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body. 1 Cor. xv.
44.

2. Of or pertaining to the intellectual and higher endowments of the
mind; mental; intellectual.

3. Of or pertaining to the moral feelings or states of the soul, as
distinguished from the external actions; reaching and affecting the
spirits.
God's law is spiritual; it is a transcript of the divine nature, and
extends its authority to the acts of the soul of man. Sir T. Browne.

4. Of or pertaining to the soul or its affections as influenced by
the Spirit; controlled and inspired by the divine Spirit; proceeding
from the Holy Spirit; pure; holy; divine; heavenly-minded; -- opposed
to carnal.
That I may impart unto you some spiritual gift. Rom. i. ll.
Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who hath
blessed us with all spiritual blessings. Eph. i. 3.
If a man be overtaken in a fault, ye which are spiritual, restore
such an one. Gal. vi. 1.

5. Not lay or temporal; relating to sacred things; ecclesiastical;
as, the spiritual functions of the clergy; lords spiritual and
temporal; a spiritual corporation. Spiritual coadjuctor. (Eccl.) See
the Note under Jesuit.
 -- Spiritual court (Eccl. Law), an ecclesiastical court, or a court
having jurisdiction in ecclesiastical affairs; a court held by a
bishop or other ecclesiastic.

SPIRITUAL
Spir"it*u*al, n.

Defn: A spiritual function, office, or affair. See Spirituality, 2.
He assigns supremacy to the pope in spirituals, and to the emperor in
temporals. Lowell.

SPIRITUALISM
Spir"it*u*al*ism, n.

1. The quality or state of being spiritual.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The doctrine, in opposition to the materialists, that all which
exists is spirit, or soul -- that what is called the external world
is either a succession of notions impressed on the mind by the Deity,
as maintained by Berkeley, or else the mere educt of the mind itself,
as taught by Fichte.

3. A belief that departed spirits hold intercourse with mortals by
means of physical phenomena, as by rappng, or during abnormal mental
states, as in trances, or the like, commonly manifested through a
person of special susceptibility, called a medium; spiritism; the
doctrines and practices of spiritualists.
What is called spiritualism should, I think, be called a mental
species of materialism. R. H. Hutton.

SPIRITUALIST
Spir"it*u*al*ist, n.

1. One who professes a regard for spiritual things only; one whose
employment is of a spiritual character; an ecclesiastic.

2. One who maintains the doctrine of spiritualism.

3. One who believes in direct intercourse with departed spirits,
through the agency of persons commonly called mediums, by means of
physical phenomena; one who attempts to maintain such intercourse; a
spiritist.

SPIRITUALIST
Spir"it*u*al*ist, a.

Defn: Spiritualistic. Taylor.

SPIRITUALISTIC
Spir`it*u*al*is"tic, a.

Defn: Relating to, or connected with, spiritualism.

SPIRITUALITY
Spir`it*u*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Spiritualities. Etym: [L. spiritualitas:
cf. F. spiritualité.]

1. The quality or state of being spiritual; incorporeality; heavenly-
mindedness.
A pleasure made for the soul, suitable to its spirituality. South.
If this light be not spiritual, yet it approacheth nearest to
spirituality. Sir W. Raleigh.
Much of our spirituality and comfort in public worship depends on the
state of mind in which we come. Bickersteth.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: That which belongs to the church, or to a person as an
ecclesiastic, or to religion, as distinct from temporalities.
During the vacancy of a see, the archbishop is guardian of the
spiritualities thereof. Blackstone.

3. An ecclesiastical body; the whole body of the clergy, as distinct
from, or opposed to, the temporality. [Obs.]
Five entire subsidies were granted to the king by the spirituality.
Fuller.

SPIRITUALIZATION
Spir`it*u*al*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of spiritualizing, or the state of being spiritualized.

SPIRITUALIZE
Spir"it*u*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spiritualized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Spiritualizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. spiritualiser.]

1. To refine intellectiually or morally; to purify from the
corrupting influence of the world; to give a spiritual character or
tendency to; as, to spiritualize soul.
This seen in the clear air, and the whole spiritualized by endless
recollections, fills the eye and the heart more forcibly than I can
find words to say. Carlyle.

2. To give a spiritual meaning to; to take in a spiritual sense; --
opposed to literalize.

3. (Old Chem.)

Defn: To extract spirit from; also, to convert into, or impregnate
with, spirit.

SPIRITUALIZER
Spir"it*u*al*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who spiritualizes.

SPIRITUALLY
Spir"it*u*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a spiritual manner; with purity of spirit; like a spirit.

SPIRITUAL-MINDED
Spir"it*u*al-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having the mind set on spiritual things, or filled with holy
desires and affections.
 -- Spir"it*u*al-mind`ed*ness, n.

SPIRITUALNESS
Spir"it*u*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being spiritual or spiritual-minded;
spirituality.

SPIRITUALTY
Spir"it*u*al*ty, n. Etym: [See Spirituality.] (Eccl.)

Defn: An ecclesiastical body; a spirituality. Shak.

SPIRITUELLE
Spi`ri`tu`elle", a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Of the nature, or having the appearance, of a spirit; pure;
refined; ethereal.

SPIRITUOSITY
Spir`it*u*os"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being spirituous; spirituousness. [R.]

SPIRITUOUS
Spir"it*u*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. (for sense 2) F. spiritueux. Cf.
Spiritous.]

1. Having the quality of spirit; tenuous in substance, and having
active powers or properties; ethereal; immaterial; spiritual; pure.

2. Containing, or of the nature of, alcoholic (esp. distilled)
spirit; consisting of refined spirit; alcoholic; ardent; as,
spirituous liquors.

3. Lively; gay; vivid; airy. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.
The mind of man is of that spirituous, stirring nature, that it is
perpetually at work. South.

SPIRITUOUSNESS
Spir"it*u*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being spirituous. [R.] Boyle.

SPIRKETING
Spirk"et*ing, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The planking from the waterways up to the port sills. Totten.

SPIRLING
Spirl"ing, n.

Defn: Sparling. [Prov. Eng.]

SPIROBACTERIA
Spi`ro*bac*te"ri*a, n. pl.; sing. Spirobacterium (. Etym: [NL. See
4th Spire, and Bacterium.] (Biol.)

Defn: See the Note under Microbacteria.

SPIROCHAETA; SPIROCHAETE
Spi`ro*chæ"ta, Spi`ro*chæ"te, n. Etym: [L. spira a coil + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A genus of Spirobacteria similar to Spirillum, but
distinguished by its motility. One species, the Spirochæte
Obermeyeri, is supposed to be the cause of relapsing fever.

SPIROGRAPH
Spi"ro*graph, n. Etym: [L. spirare to breathe + -graph.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for recording the respiratory movements, as the
sphygmograph does those of the pulse.

SPIROMETER
Spi*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. spirare to breathe + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the vital capacity of the lungs, or
the volume of air which can be expelled from the chest after the
deepest possible inspiration. Cf. Pneumatometer.

SPIROMETRY
Spi*rom"e*try, n.

Defn: The act or process of measuring the chest capacity by means of
a spirometer.

SPIROSCOPE
Spi"ro*scope, n. Etym: [L. spirare to breathe + -scope.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A wet meter used to determine the breathing capacity of the
lungs.

SPIROYLIC; SPIROYLOUS
Spi*royl"ic, Spi*royl"ous, a. Etym: [NL. Spir meadowsweet (a source
of salicylal) + -yl + -ic, -ous.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a substance now called
salicylal. [Obs.]

SPIRT
Spirt, v. & n.

Defn: Same as Spurt.

SPIRTLE
Spir"tle, v. t.

Defn: To spirt in a scattering manner.

SPIRULA
Spir"u*la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. spira a coil.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of cephalopods having a multilocular, internal,
siphunculated shell in the form of a flat spiral, the coils of which
are not in contact.

SPIRULATE
Spir"u*late, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the color spots, or structural parts, arranged spirally.

SPIRY
Spir"y, a. Etym: [From Spire a winding line.]

Defn: Of a spiral form; wreathed; curled; serpentine.
Hid in the spiry volumes of the snake. Dryden.

SPIRY
Spir"y, a. Etym: [FR. Spire a steeple.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a spire; like a spire, tall, slender, and
tapering; abounding in spires; as, spiry turrets. "Spiry towns."
Thomson.

SPISS
Spiss, a. Etym: [L. spissus.]

Defn: Thick; crowded; compact; dense. [Obs.]
This spiss and . . . copious, yet concise, treatise. Brerewood.

SPISSATED
Spis"sa*ted, a.

Defn: Rendered dense or compact, as by evaporation; inspissated;
thickened. [R.]
The spissated juice of the poppy. Bp. Warburton.

SPISSITUDE
Spis"si*tude, n. Etym: [L. spissitudo.]

Defn: The quality or state of being spissated; as, the spissitude of
coagulated blood, or of any coagulum. Arbuthnot.

SPIT
Spit, n. Etym: [OE. spite, AS. spitu; akin to D. spit, G. spiess,
OHG. spiz, Dan. spid. Sw. spett, and to G. spitz pointed. sq.
root170.]

1. A long, slender, pointed rod, usually of iron, for holding meat
while roasting.

2. A small point of land running into the sea, or a long, narrow
shoal extending from the shore into the sea; as, a spit of sand.
Cook.

3. The depth to which a spade goes in digging; a spade; a spadeful.
[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

SPIT
Spit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Spitting.] Etym:
[From Spit, n.; cf. Speet.]

1. To thrust a spit through; to fix upon a spit; hence, to thrust
through or impale; as, to spit a loin of veal. "Infants spitted upon
pikes." Shak.

2. To spade; to dig. [Prov. Eng.]

SPIT
Spit, v. i.

Defn: To attend to a spit; to use a spit. [Obs.]
She's spitting in the kitchen. Old Play.

SPIT
Spit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spit (Spat, archaic); p. pr. & vb. n.
Spitting.] Etym: [AS. spittan; akin to G. spützen, Dan. spytte, Sw.
spotta,Icel. sp, and prob. E. spew. The past tense spat is due to AS.
sp, from sp to spit. Cf. Spat, n., Spew, Spawl, Spot, n.]

1. To eject from the mouth; to throw out, as saliva or other matter,
from the mouth. "Thus spit I out my venom." Chaucer.

2. To eject; to throw out; to belch.

Note: Spitted was sometimes used as the preterit and the past
participle. "He . . . shall be mocked, and spitefully entreated, and
spitted on." Luke xviii. 32.

SPIT
Spit, n.

Defn: The secretion formed by the glands of the mouth; spitle;
saliva; sputum.

SPIT
Spit, v. i.

1. To throw out saliva from the mouth.

2. To rain or snow slightly, or with sprinkles.
It had been spitting with rain. Dickens.
To spit on or upon, to insult grossly; to treat with contempt.
"Spitting upon all antiquity." South.

SPITAL
Spit"al, n. Etym: [Abbreviated from hospital.] [Written also
spittle.]

Defn: A hospital. [Obs.] Shak.

SPITALHOUSE
Spit"al*house`, n.

Defn: A hospital. [Obs.]

SPITBALL
Spit"ball`, n.

Defn: Paper chewed, and rolled into a ball, to be thrown as a
missile.

SPIT BALL
Spit ball. (Baseball)

Defn: A pitched ball in throwing which the pitcher grips the ball
between two, or three, fingers on one side (which is made slippery,
as by saliva) and the thumb on the other side, and delivers it so
that it slips off the fingers with the least possible friction. When
pitched directly overhand a spit ball darts downward, when pitched
with the arm extended sidewise it darts down and out. [Cant] -- Spit
baller.

SPITBOX
Spit"box`, n.

Defn: A vessel to receive spittle.

SPITCHCOCK
Spitch"cock`, v. t. Etym: [1st spit + cock.] (Cookery)

Defn: To split (as an eel) lengthwise, and broil it, or fry it in hot
fat.

SPITCHCOCK
Spitch"cock`, n. (Cookery)

Defn: An eel split and broiled.

SPITCHCOCKED
Spitch"cocked`, a. (Cookery)

Defn: Broiled or fried after being split lengthwise; -- said of eels.

SPIT CURL
Spit" curl`.

Defn: A little lock of hair, plastered in a spiral form on the temple
or forehead with spittle, or other adhesive substance. [Colloq.]

SPITE
Spite, n. Etym: [Abbreviated fr. despite.]

1. Ill-will or hatred toward another, accompanied with the
disposition to irritate, annoy, or thwart; petty malice; grudge;
rancor; despite. Pope.
This is the deadly spite that angers. Shak.

2. Vexation; chargrin; mortification. [R.] Shak. In spite of, or
Spite of, in opposition to all efforts of; in defiance or contempt
of; notwithstanding. "Continuing, spite of pain, to use a knee after
it had been slightly ibnjured." H. Spenser. "And saved me in spite of
the world, the devil, and myself." South. "In spite of all
applications, the patient grew worse every day." Arbuthnot. See Syn.
under Notwithstanding.
 -- To owe one a spite, to entertain a mean hatred for him.

Syn.
 -- Pique, rancor; malevolence; grudge.
 -- Spite, Malice. Malice has more reference to the disposition, and
spite to the manifestation of it in words and actions. It is,
therefore, meaner than malice, thought not always more criminal. "
Malice . . . is more frequently employed to express the dispositions
of inferior minds to execute every purpose of mischief within the
more limited circle of their abilities." Cogan. "Consider eke, that
spite availeth naught." Wyatt. See Pique.

SPITE
Spite, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spited; p. pr. & vb. n. Spiting.]

1. To be angry at; to hate. [Obs.]
The Danes, then . . . pagans, spited places of religion. Fuller.

2. To treat maliciously; to try to injure or thwart.

3. To fill with spite; to offend; to vex. [R.]
Darius, spited at the Magi, endeavored to abolish not only their
learning, but their language. Sir. W. Temple.

SPITEFUL
Spite"ful, a.

Defn: Filled with, or showing, spite; having a desire to vex, annoy,
or injure; malignant; malicious; as, a spiteful person or act. Shak.
 -- Spite"ful*ly, adv. Spite"ful*ness, n.

SPITFIRE
Spit"fire`, n.

Defn: A violent, irascible, or passionate person. [Colloq.] Grose.

SPITFUL
Spit"ful, n.; pl. Spitfuls (.

Defn: A spadeful. [Prov. Eng.]

SPITOUS
Spit"ous, a.

Defn: Having spite; spiteful. [Obs.]

SPITOUSLY
Spit"ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Spitefully. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SPITSCOCKED
Spits"cocked`, a.

Defn: Spitchcocked.

SPITTED
Spit"ted, a. Etym: [From Spit.]

1. Put upon a spit; pierced as if by a spit.

2. Shot out long; -- said of antlers. Bacon.

SPITTED
Spit"ted,

Defn: p. p. of Spit, v. i., to eject, to spit. [Obs.]

SPITTER
Spit"ter, n. Etym: [See Spit to eject from the mouth.]

Defn: One who ejects saliva from the mouth.

SPITTER
Spit"ter, n. Etym: [See Spit an iron prong.]

1. One who puts meat on a spit.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young deer whose antlers begin to shoot or become sharp; a
brocket, or pricket.

SPITTLE
Spit"tle, n.

Defn: See Spital. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SPITTLE
Spit"tle, v. t. Etym: [See Spit to spade.]

Defn: To dig or stir with a small spade. [Prov. Eng.]

SPITTLE
Spit"tle, n.

Defn: A small sort of spade. [Prov. Eng.]

SPITTLE
Spit"tle, n. Etym: [From Spit to eject from the mouth: cf. Spattle,
and AS. spatl.]

Defn: The thick, moist matter which is secreted by the salivary
glands; saliva; spit. Spittle insect. (Zoöl.) See Cuckoo spit (b),
under Cuckoo.

SPITTLY
Spit"tly, a.

Defn: Like spittle; slimy. [Obs.]

SPITTOON
Spit*toon", n.

Defn: A spitbox; a cuspidor.

SPIT-VENOM
Spit"-ven"om, n.

Defn: Poison spittle; poison ejected from the mouth. [R.] Hooker.

SPITZ DOG
Spitz" dog". Etym: [G. spitz, spitzhund.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A breed of dogs having erect ears and long silky hair, usually
white; -- called also Pomeranian dog, and louploup.

SPITZENBURGH
Spitz"en*burgh, n.

Defn: A kind of red and yellow apple, of medium size and spicy
flavor. It originated at Newtown, on Long Island.

SPLANCHNAPOPHYSIS
Splanch`napoph"y*sis, n.; pl. Splanchnapophyses. Etym: [NL. See
Splanchnic, and Apophysis.] (Anat.)

Defn: Any element of the skeleton in relation with the alimentary
canal, as the jaws and hyoidean apparatus.
 -- Splanch`nap`o*phys"i*al, a. Mivart.

SPLANCHNIC
Splanch"nic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the viscera; visceral.

SPLANCHNOGRAPHY
Splanch*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: Splanchnology.

SPLANCHNOLOGY
Splanch*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: That part of anatomy which treats of the viscera; also, a
treatise on the viscera.

SPLANCHNOPLEURE
Splanch"no*pleure, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The inner, or visceral, one of the two lamellæ into which the
vertebrate blastoderm divides on either side of the notochord, and
from which the walls of the enteric canal and the umbilical vesicle
are developed. See Somatopleure.
 -- Splanch`no*pleu"ric, a.

SPLANCHNO-SKELETON
Splanch`no-skel"e*ton, n. Etym: [Gr. skeleton.] (Anat.)

Defn: That part of the skeleton connected with the sense organs and
the viscera. Owen.

SPLANCHNOTOMY
Splanch*not"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The dissection, or anatomy, of the viscera.

SPLANDREL
Splan"drel, n.

Defn: See Spandrel. [R.]

SPLASH
Splash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Splashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Splashing.]
Etym: [Akin to plash.]

1. To strike and dash about, as water, mud, etc.; to plash.

2. To spatter water, mud, etc., upon; to wet.

SPLASH
Splash, v. i.

Defn: To strike and dash about water, mud, etc.; to dash in such a
way as to spatter.

SPLASH
Splash, n.

1. Water, or water and dirt, thrown upon anything, or thrown from a
puddle or the like; also, a spot or daub, as of matter which wets or
disfigures.

2. A noise made by striking upon or in a liquid.

SPLASHBOARD
Splash"board`, n.

Defn: A guard in the front part of vehicle, to prevent splashing by a
mud or water from the horse's heels; -- in the United States commonly
called dashboard.

SPLASHER
Splash"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, splashes.

2. One of the guarde over the wheels, as of a carriage, locomotive,
etc. Weale.

3. A guard to keep off splashes from anything.

SPLASHY
Splash"y, a.

Defn: Full of dirty water; wet and muddy, so as be easily splashed
about; slushy.

SPLATTER
Splat"ter, v. i. & t.

Defn: To spatter; to splash.

SPLATTERDASH
Splat"ter*dash`, n .

Defn: Uproar. Jamieson.

SPLAY
Splay, v. t. Etym: [Abbrev. of display.]

1. To display; to spread. [Obs.] "Our ensigns splayed." Gascoigne.

2. To dislocate, as a shoulder bone.

3. To spay; to castrate. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

4. To turn on one side; to render oblique; to slope or slant, as the
side of a door, window, etc. Oxf. Gloss.

SPLAY
Splay, a.

Defn: Displayed; spread out; turned outward; hence, flat; ungainly;
as, splay shoulders.
Sonwthing splay, something blunt-edged, unhandy, and infelicitous. M.
Arnold.

SPLAY
Splay, a. (Arch.)

Defn: A slope or bevel, especially of the sides of a door or window,
by which the opening is made larged at one face of the wall than at
the other, or larger at each of the faces than it is between them.

SPLAYFOOT
Splay"foot`, n.; pl. Splayfeet (.

Defn: A foot that is abnormally flattened and spread out; flat foot.

SPLAYFOOT; SPLAYFOOTED
Splay"foot`, Splay"foot`ed a.

Defn: Having a splayfoot or splayfeet.

SPLAYMOUTH
Splay"mouth`, n.; pl. Splaymouths (.

Defn: A wide mouth; a mouth stretched in derision. Dryden.

SPLAYMOUTHED
Splay`mouthed", a.

Defn: Having a splaymouth. T. Brown.

SPLEEN
Spleen, n. Etym: [L. splen, Gr. lien, plihan, plihan.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A peculiar glandlike but ductless organ found near the stomach
or intestine of most vertebrates and connected with the vascular
system; the milt. Its exact function in not known.

2. Anger; latent spite; ill humor; malice; as, to vent one's spleen.
In noble minds some dregs remain, Not yet purged off, of spleen and
sour disdain. Pope.

3. A fit of anger; choler. Shak.

4. A sudden motion or action; a fit; a freak; a whim. [Obs. or R.]
A thousand spleens bear her a thousand ways. Shak.

5. Melancholy; hypochondriacal affections.
Bodies changed to various forms by spleen. Pope.
There is a luxury in self-dispraise: And inward self-disparagement
affords To meditative spleen a grateful feast. Wordsworth.

6. A fit of immoderate laughter or merriment. [Obs.]
Thy silly thought enforces my spleen. Shak.

SPLEEN
Spleen, v. t.

Defn: To dislke. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket.

SPLEENED
Spleened, a.

1. Deprived of the spleen.

2. Angered; annoyed. [Obs.] R. North.

SPLEENFUL
Spleen"ful, a.

Defn: Displaying, or affected with, spleen; angry; fretful;
melancholy.
Myself have calmed their spleenful mutiny. Shak.
Then rode Geraint, a little spleenful yet, Across the bridge that
spann'd the dry ravine. Tennyson.

SPLEENISH
Spleen"ish, a.

Defn: Spleeny; affected with spleen; fretful.
 -- Spleen"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Spleen"ish*ness, n.

SPLEENLESS
Spleen"less, a.

Defn: Having no spleen; hence, kind; gentle; mild. [Obs.] Chapman.

SPLEENWORT
Spleen"wort`, n. Etym: [Spleen + wort; cf. L. splenium, asplenium,
Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any fern of the genus Asplenium, some species of which were
anciently used as remedies for disorders of the spleen.

SPLEENY
Spleen"y, a.

1. Irritable; peevish; fretful.
Spleeny Lutheran, and not wholesome to Our cause. Shak.

2. Affected with nervous complaints; melancholy.

SPLEGET
Spleg"et, n. Etym: [Cf. Pledget.] (Med.)

Defn: A cloth dipped in a liquid for washing a sore. Crabb.

SPLENALGIA
Sple*nal"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Pain over the region of the spleen.

SPLENCULUS
Splen"cu*lus, n.; pl. Splenculi. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. splen.]
(Anat.)

Defn: A lienculus.

SPLENDENT
Splen"dent, a. Etym: [L. splendens, -entis, p. pr. of splendere to
shine.]

1. Shining; glossy; beaming with light; lustrous; as, splendent
planets; splendent metals. See the Note under 3d Luster, 4.

2. Very conspicuous; illustrious. "Great and splendent fortunes." Sir
H. Wotton.

SPLENDID
Splen"did, a. Etym: [L. splendidus, fr. splendere shine; cf. Lith.
splendëti: cf. F. splendide.]

1. Possessing or displaying splendor; shining; very bright; as, a
splendid sun.

2. Showy; magnificent; sumptuous; pompous; as, a splendid palace; a
splendid procession or pageant.

3. Illustrious; heroic; brilliant; celebrated; famous; as, a splendid
victory or reputation.

SPLENDIDIOUS
Splen*did"i*ous, a.

Defn: Splendid. [Obs.]

SPLENDIDLY
Splen"did*ly, adv.

Defn: In a splendid manner; magnificently.

SPLENDIDNESS
Splen"did*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being splendid.

SPLENDIDOUS
Splen"did*ous, a.

Defn: Splendid. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SPLENDIFEROUS
Splen*dif"er*ous, a.

Defn: Splendor-bearing; splendid. Bale (1538). "A splendiferous
woman." Haliburton. [Now used humorously.]

SPLENDOR
Splen"dor, n.Etym: [L. fr. splendere to shine: cf. F. splendeur.]

1. Great brightness; brilliant luster; brilliancy; as, the splendor
ot the sun. B. Jonson.

2. Magnifience; pomp; parade; as, the splendor of equipage,
ceremonies, processions, and the like. "Rejoice in splendor of mine
own." Shak.

3. Brilliancy; glory; as, the splendor of a victory.

Syn.
 -- Luster; brilliancy; magnifience; gorgeousness; display;
showiness; pomp; parade; grandeur.

SPLENDROUS; SPLENDOROUS
Splen"drous, Splen"dor*ous, a.

Defn: Splendid. Drayton.

SPLENETIC
Splen"e*tic, a. Etym: [L. spleneticus: cf. F. splénétique. See
Spleen.]

Defn: Affected with spleen; malicious; spiteful; peevish; fretful.
"Splenetic guffaw." G. Eliot.
You humor me when I am sick; Why not when I am splenetic Pope.

Syn.
 -- Morese; gloomy; sullen; peevish; fretful.

SPLENETIC
Splen"e*tic, n.

Defn: A person affected with spleen.

SPLENETICAL
Sple*net"ic*al, a.

Defn: Splenetic.

SPLENETICALLY
Sple*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a splenetical manner.

SPLENIAL
Sple"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. splenium a plaster, a patch, Gr. (Anat.)
(a) Designating the splenial bone.
(b) Of or pertaining to the splenial bone or splenius muscle.
Splenial bone (Anat.), a thin splintlike bone on the inner side of
the proximal portion of the mandible of many vertebrates.

SPLENIAL
Sple"ni*al, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The splenial bone.

SPLENIC
Splen"ic, a. Etym: [L. splenicus, Gr. splénique.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the spleen; lienal; as, the splenic vein.
Splenic apoplexy or fever. (Med.) See Anthrax, n., 3.

SPLENICAL
Splen"ic*al, a.

Defn: Splenic.

SPLENISH
Splen"ish, a.

Defn: Spleenish. [Obs.] Drayton.

SPLENITIS
Sple*ni"tis, n.Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the spleen.

SPLENITIVE
Splen"i*tive, a.

Defn: Splenetic. Shak.
Even and smooth as seemed the temperament of the nonchalant, languid
Virginian -- not splenitive or rash. T. N. Page.

SPLENIUM
Sple"ni*um, n.Etym: [L., a plaster, a patch, from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The thickened posterior border of the corpus callosum; -- so
called in allusion to its shape.

SPLENIUS
Sple"ni*us, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: A flat muscle of the back of the neck.

SPLENIZATION
Splen`i*za"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid state of the lung produced by inflammation, in which
its tissue resembles that of the spleen.

SPLENOCELE
Splen"o*cele, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Hernia formed by the spleen.

SPLENOGRAPHY
Sple*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A description of the spleen.

SPLENOID
Sple"noid, a.Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Resembling the spleen; spleenlike.

SPLENOLOGY
Sple*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The branch of science which treats of the spleen.

SPLENOTOMY
Sple*not"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.
(a) (Anat.) Dissection or anatomy of the spleen.
(b) (Med.) An incision into the spleen; removal of the spleen by
incision.

SPLENT
Splent, n.

1. See Splent.

2. See Splent coal, below. Splent coal, an inferior kind of cannel
coal from Scotch collieries; -- called also splent, splint, and
splint coal.

SPLEUCHAN
Spleu"chan, n. Etym: [Gael. spliuchan.]

Defn: A pouch, as for tobacco. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

SPLICE
Splice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spliced; p. pr. & vb. n. Splicing.] Etym:
[D. splitsen, splitten; akin to G. splissen, Sw. splissa, Dan.
splisse, and E. split; -- from the dividing or splitting the ends
into separate strands. See Split, v. t.]

1. To unite, as two ropes, or parts of a rope, by a particular manner
of interweaving the strands, -- the union being between two ends, or
between an end and the body of a rope.

2. To unite, as spars, timbers, rails, etc., by lapping the two ends
together, or by applying a piece which laps upon the two ends, and
then binding, or in any way making fast.

3. To unite in marrige. [Slang] Splice grafting.ee under Grafting.
 -- To splice the main brace (Naut.), to give out, or drink, an extra
allowance of spirits on occasion of special exposure to wet or cold,
or to severe fatigue; hence, to take a dram.

SPLICE
Splice, n.

Defn: A junction or joining made by splicing.

SPLINE
Spline, n.

1. A rectangular piece fitting grooves like key seats in a hub and a
shaft, so that while the one may slide endwise on the other, both
must revolve together; a feather; also, sometimes, a groove to
receive such a rectangular piece.

2. A long, flexble piece of wood sometimes used as a ruler.

SPLINING
Splin"ing, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a spline. Splining machine, a machine tool
for cutting grooves, key seats, or slots; a slotting machine.

SPLINT
Splint, n. Etym: [Akin to D. splinter,G. splinter, splitter, Dan.
splint, Sw. splint a kind of spike, a forelock (in nautical use), Sw.
splintato splint, splinter, Dan. splinte, and E. split. See Split, v.
t., and cf. Splent.]

1. A piece split off; a splinter.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: A thin piece of wood, or other substance, used to keep in
place, or protect, an injured part, especially a broken bone when
set.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: A splint bone.

4. (Far.)

Defn: A disease affecting the splint bones, as a callosity or hard
excrescence.

5. (Anc. Armor.)

Defn: One of the small plates of metal used in making splint armor.
See Splint armor, below.
The knees and feet were defended by splints, or thin plates of steel.
Sir. W. Scott.

6. Splint, or splent, coal. See Splent coal, under Splent. Splint
armor,a kind of ancient armor formed of thin plates of metal, usually
overlapping each other and allowing the limbs to move freely.
 -- Splint bone (Anat.), one of the rudimentary, splintlike
metacarpal or metatarsal bones on either side of the cannon bone in
the limbs of the horse and allied animals.
 -- Splint coal. See Splent coal, under Splent.

SPLINT
Splint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Splinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Splinting.]

Defn: To split into splints, or thin, slender pieces; to splinter; to
shiver. [Obs. or R.] Florio.

2. To fasten or confine with splints, as a broken limb. See Splint,
n., 2. [R.] Shak.

SPLINTER
Splin"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Splintered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Splintering.] Etym: [Cf. LG. splittern, splinteren. See Splint, n.,
Split.]

1. To split or rend into long, thin pieces; to shiver; as, the
lightning splinters a tree.
After splintering their lances, they wheeled about, and . . .
abandoned the field to the enemy. Prescott.

2. To fasten or confine with splinters, or splints, as a broken limb.
Bp. Wren.

SPLINTER
Splin"ter, v. i.

Defn: To become split into long pieces.

SPLINTER
Splin"ter, n. Etym: [See Splinter, v., or Splint, n.]

Defn: A thin piece split or rent off lengthwise, as from wood, bone,
or other solid substance; a thin piece; a sliver; as, splinters of a
ship's mast rent off by a shot.

Splinter bar. (a) A crossbar in a coach, which supports the springs.
(b) The bar to which the traces are attached; a roller bolt; a
whiffletree.

SPLINTERPROOF
Splin"ter*proof` (splîn"ter*proof`), a. (Mil.)

Defn: Proof against the splinters, or fragments, of bursting shells.

SPLINTERY
Splin"ter*y (-y), a.

Defn: Consisting of splinters; resembling splinters; as, the
splintery fracture of a mineral.

SPLIT
Split (splît), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Split (Splitted, R.); p. pr. & vb.
n. Splitting.] Etym: [Probably of Scand. or Low german origin; cf.
Dan. splitte, LG. splitten, OD. splitten, spletten, D. splijten, G.
spleissen, MHG. splizen. Cf. Splice, Splint, Splinter.]

1. To divide lengthwise; to separate from end to end, esp. by force;
to divide in the direction of the grain layers; to rive; to cleave;
as, to split a piece of timber or a board; to split a gem; to split a
sheepskin.
Cold winter split the rocks in twain. Dryden.

2. To burst; to rupture; to rend; to tear asunder.
A huge vessel of exceeding hard marble split asunder by congealed
water. Boyle.

3. To divide or break up into parts or divisions, as by discord; to
separate into parts or parties, as a political party; to disunite.
[Colloq.] South.

4. (Chem.)

Defn: To divide or separate into components; -- often used with up;
as, to split up sugar into alcohol and carbonic acid. To split hairs,
to make distinctions of useless nicety.

SPLIT
Split, v. i.

1. To part asunder; to be rent; to burst; as, vessels split by the
freezing of water in them.

2. To be broken; to be dashed to pieces.
The ship splits on the rock. Shak.

3. To separate into parties or factions. [Colloq.]

4. To burst with laughter. [Colloq.]
Each had a gravity would make you split. Pope.

5. To divulge a secret; to betray confidence; to peach. [Slang]
Thackeray. To split on a rock, to err fatally; to have the hopes and
designs frustrated.

SPLIT
Split, n.

Defn: A crack, or longitudinl fissure.

2. A breach or separation, as in a political party; a division.
[Colloq.]

3. A piece that is split off, or made thin, by splitting; a splinter;
a fragment.

4. Specif (Leather Manuf.), one of the sections of a skin made by
dividing it into two or more thicknesses.

5. (Faro)

Defn: A division of a stake happening when two cards of the kind on
which the stake is laid are dealt in the same turn.

SPLIT
Split, a.

1. Divided; cleft.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Divided deeply; cleft. Split pease, hulled pease split for
making soup, etc.
 -- Split pin (Mach.), a pin with one end split so that it may be
spread open to secure it in its place.
 -- Split pulley, a parting pulley. See under Pulley.
 -- Split ring, a ring with overlapped or interlocked ends which may
be sprung apart so that objects, as keys, may be strung upon the ring
or removed from it.
 -- Split ticket, a ballot containing the names of only a portion of
the candidates regularly nominated by one party, other names being
substituted for those omitted. [U.S.]

SPLIT DYNAMOMETER
Split dynamometer. (Elec.)

Defn: An electric dynamometer having two coils so arranged that one
carries the primary current, and the other the secondary current, of
a transformer.

SPLITFEET
Split"feet`, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Fissipedia.

SPLIT INFINITIVE
Split infinitive. (Gram.)

Defn: A simple infinitive with to, having a modifier between the verb
and the to; as in, to largely decrease. Called also cleft infinitive.

SPLIT KEY
Split key. (Mach.)

Defn: A key split at one end like a split pin, for the same purpose.

SPLIT SHOT; SPLIT STROKE
Split shot or stroke .

Defn: In croquet, etc., a shot or stroke in which one drives in
different directions one's own and the opponent's ball placed in
contact.

SPLIT STITCH
Split stitch.

Defn: A stitch used in stem work to produce a fine line, much used in
old church embroidery to work the hands and faces of figures.

SPLIT STUFF
Split stuff.

Defn: Timber sawn into lengths and then split.

SPLIT SWITCH
Split switch. (Railroading)

Defn: = Point switch.

SPLIT-TAIL
Split"-tail`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A california market fish (Pogonichthys macrolepidotus) belonging
to the Carp family.
(b) The pintail duck.

SPLITTER
Split"ter, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, splits.

SPLIT-TONGUED
Split"-tongued`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a forked tongue, as that of snakes and some lizards.

SPLIT WHEEL
Split wheel.

Defn: = Split pulley.

SPLOTCH
Splotch, n. Etym: [Cf. Splash.]

Defn: A spot; a stain; a daub. R. Browning.

SPLOTCHY
Splotch"y, a.

Defn: Covered or marked with splotches.

SPLURGE
Splurge, n.

Defn: A blustering demonstration, or great effort; a great display.
[Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.

SPLURGE
Splurge, v. i.

Defn: To make a great display in any way, especially in oratory.
[Slang, U.S.] splurge on a new hi-fi system.

SPLUTTER
Splut"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Spluttered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Spluttering.] Etym: [Prov. E. splutter, eqivalent to sputter. Cf.
Sputter.]

Defn: To speak hastily and confusedly; to sputter. [Colloq.]
Carleton.

SPLUTTER
Splut"ter, n.

Defn: A confused noise, as of hasty speaking. [Colloq.]

SPLUTTERER
Splut"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who splutters.

SPODOMANCY
Spod"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. spodo`s ashes + -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by means of ashes.

SPODOMANTIC
Spod`o*man"tic, a.

Defn: Relating to spodomancy, or divination by means of ashes. C.
Kingsley.

SPODUMENE
Spod"u*mene, n. Etym: [Gr. spodo`s ashes; cf. F. spodumène.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a white to yellowish, purplish, or emerald-green
color, occuring in prismatic crystals, often of great size. It is a
silicate of aluminia and lithia. See Hiddenite.

SPOFFISH
Spof"fish, a. Etym: [probably from Prov. E. spoffle to be spoffish.]

Defn: Earnest and active in matters of no moment; bustling. [Colloq.
Eng.] Dickens.

SPOIL
Spoil (, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spoiled or Spoilt; p. pr. & vb. n.
Spoiling.] Etym: [F. spolier, OF. espoilelier, fr. L. spoliare, fr.
spolium spoil. Cf. Despoil, Spoliation.]

1. To plunder; to strip by violence; to pillage; to rob; -- with of
before the name of the thing taken; as, to spoil one of his goods or
possession. "Ye shall spoil the Egyptians." Ex. iii. 22.
My sons their old, unhappy sire despise, Spoiled of his kingdom, and
deprived of eues. Pope.

2. To seize by violence;; to take by force; to plunder.
No man can enter into a strong man's house, and spoil his goods,
except he will first bind the strong man. Mark iii. 27.

3. To cause to decay and perish; to corrput; to vitiate; to mar.
Spiritual pride spils many graces. Jer. Taylor.

4. To render useless by injury; to injure fatally; to ruin; to
destroy; as, to spoil paper; to have the crops spoiled by insects; to
spoil the eyes by reading.

SPOIL
Spoil, v. i.

1. To practice plunder or robbery.
Outlaws, which, lurking in woods, used to break forth to rob and
spoil. Spenser.

2. To lose the valuable qualities; to be corrupted; to decay; as,
fruit will soon spoil in warm weather.

SPOIL
Spoil, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. espoille, L. spolium.]

1. That which is taken from another by violence; especially, the
plunder taken from an enemy; pillage; booty.
Gentle gales, Fanning their odoriferous wings, dispense Native
perfumes, and whisper whence they stole Those balmy spoils. Milton.

2. Public offices and their emoluments regarded as the peculiar
property of a successful party or faction, to be bestowed for its own
advantage; -- commonly in the plural; as to the victor belong the
spoils.
From a principle of gratitude I adhered to the coalition; my vote was
counted in the day of battle, but I was overlooked in the division of
the spoil. Gibbon.

3. That which is gained by strength or effort.
each science and each art his spoil. Bentley.

4. The act or practice of plundering; robbery; aste.
The man that hath no music in himself, Nor is not moved with concord
of sweet sounds, Is fit for treason, stratagems, and spoil. Shak.

5. Corruption; cause of corruption. [Archaic]
Villainous company hath been the spoil of me. Shak.

6. The slough, or cast skin, of a serpent or other animal. [Obs.]
Bacon. Spoil bank, a bank formed by the earth taken from an
excavation, as of a canal.
 -- The spoils system, the theory or practice of regarding public and
their emoluments as so much plunder to be distributed among their
active partisans by those who are chosen to responsible offices of
administration.

SPOILABLE
Spoil"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being spoiled.

SPOILER
Spoil"er, n.

1. One who spoils; a plunderer; a pillager; a robber; a despoiler.

2. One who corrupts, mars, or renders useless.

SPOILFIVE
Spoil"five`, n.

Defn: A certain game at cards in which, if no player wins three of
the five tricks possible on any deal, the game is said to be spoiled.

SPOILFUL
Spoil"ful, a.

Defn: Wasteful; rapacious. [Poetic]

SPOILSMAN
Spoils"man, n.; pl. Spoilsmen (.

Defn: One who serves a cause or a party for a share of the spoils; in
United States politics, one who makes or recognizes a demand for
public office on the ground of partisan service; also, one who
sanctions such a policy in appointments to the public service.

SPOILSMONGER
Spoils"mon`ger, n.

Defn: One who promises or distributes public offices and their
emoluments as the price of services to a party or its leaders.

SPOKE
Spoke,

Defn: imp. of Speak.

SPOKE
Spoke, n. Etym: [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG.
speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]

1. The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are
inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or
felly.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A projecting handle of a steering wheel.

3. A rung, or round, of a ladder.

4. A contrivance for fastening the wheel of a vehicle, to prevent it
from turning in going down a hill. To put a spoke in one's wheel, to
thwart or obstruct one in the execution of some design.

SPOKE
Spoke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spoked; p. pr. & vb. n. Spoking.]

Defn: To furnish with spokes, as a wheel.

SPOKEN
Spo"ken, a. Etym: [p.p. of Speak.]

1. Uttered in speech; delivered by word of mouth; oral; as, a spoken
narrative; the spoken word.

2. Characterized by a certain manner or style in speaking; -- often
in composition; as, a pleasant-spoken man.
Methinks you 're better spoken. Shak.

SPOKESHAVE
Spoke"shave`, n.

Defn: A kind of drawing knife or planing tool for dressing the spokes
of wheels, the shells of blocks, and other curved work.

SPOKESMAN
Spokes"man, n.; pl. Spokesmen. Etym: [Speak, spoke + man.]

Defn: One who speaks for another.
He shall be thy spokesman unto the people. Ex. iv. 16.

SPOLIATE
Spo"li*ate, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Spoliated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Spoliating.] Etym: [L. spoliatus, p.p. of spoliare spoil. See Spoil,
v. t.]

Defn: To plunder; to pillage; to despoil; to rob.

SPOLIATION
Spo`li*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. spoliatio; cf. F. spoliation. See Spoil,
v. t.]

1. The act of plundering; robbery; deprivation; despoliation.
Legal spoliation, which will impoverish one part of the community in
order to corrupt the remainder. Sir G. C. Lewis.

2. Robbery or plunder in war; especially, the authorized act or
practice of plundering neutrals at sea.

3. (Eccl. Law)
(a) The act of an incumbent in taking the fruits of his benefice
without right, but under a pretended title. Blackstone.
(b) A process for possession of a church in a spiritual court.

4. (Law)

Defn: Injury done to a document.

SPOLIATIVE
Spo"li*a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. spoliatif.]

Defn: Serving to take away, diminish, or rob; esp. (Med.), serving to
diminish sensibily the amount of blood in the body; as, spoliative
bloodletting.

SPOLIATOR
Spo"li*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who spoliates; a spoiler.

SPOLIATORY
Spo"li*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to spoil; destructive; spoliative.

SPONDAIC; SPONDAICAL
Spon*da"ic, Spon*da"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. spondaicus, spondiacus, Gr.
spondaïque.]

1. Or of pertaining to a spondee; consisting of spondees.

2. Containing spondees in excess; marked by spondees; as, a spondaic
hexameter, i. e., one which has a spondee instead of a dactyl in the
fifth foot.

SPONDEE
Spon"dee, n. Etym: [L. spondeus, Gr. spondée. So called because at
libations slow, solemn melodies were used, chiefly in this meter.]
(pros.)

Defn: A poetic foot of two long syllables, as in the Latin word
leges.

SPONDULICS
Spon*du"lics, n.

Defn: Money. [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.

SPONDYL; SPONDYLE
Spon"dyl, Spon"dyle, n. Etym: [L. spondylus, Gr. spondyle.] (Anat.)

Defn: A joint of the backbone; a vertebra.

SPONG
Spong, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: An irregular, narrow, projecting part of a field. [Prov. Eng.]

SPONGE
Sponge, n. Etym: [OF. esponge, F. éponge, L. spongia, Gr. Fungus,
Spunk.] [Formerly written also spunge.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of Spongiæ, or Porifera. See
Illust. and Note under Spongiæ.

2. The elastic fibrous skeleton of many species of horny Spongiæ
(keratosa), used for many purposes, especially the varieties of the
genus Spongia. The most valuable sponges are found in the
Mediterranean and the Red Sea, and on the coasts of Florida and the
West Indies.

3. Fig.: One who lives upon others; a pertinaceous and indolent
dependent; a parasite; a sponger.

4. Any spongelike substance. Specifically:
(a) Dough before it is kneaded and formed into loaves, and after it
is converted into a light, spongy mass by the agency of the yeast or
leaven.
(b) Iron from the puddling furnace, in a pasty condition.
(c) Iron ore, in masses, reduced but not melted or worked.

5. (Gun.)

Defn: A mop for cleaning the bore of a cannon after a discharge. It
consists of a cylinder of wood, covered with sheepskin with the wool
on, or cloth with a heavy looped nap, and having a handle, or staff.

6. (Far.)

Defn: The extremity, or point, of a horseshoe, answering to the heel.
Bath sponge, any one of several varieties of coarse commercial
sponges, especially Spongia equina.
 -- Cup sponge, a toilet sponge growing in a cup-shaped form.
 -- Glass sponge. See Glass-sponge, in the Vocabulary.
 -- Glove sponge, a variety of commercial sponge (Spongia
officinalis, variety tubulufera), having very fine fibers, native of
Florida, and the West Indies.
 -- Grass sponge, any one of several varieties of coarse commercial
sponges having the surface irregularly tufted, as Spongia graminea,
and S. equina, variety cerebriformis, of Florida and the West Indies.
 -- Horse sponge, a coarse commercial sponge, especially Spongia
equina.
 -- Platinum sponge. (Chem.) See under Platinum.
 -- Pyrotechnical sponge, a substance made of mushrooms or fungi,
which are boiled in water, dried, and beaten, then put in a strong
lye prepared with saltpeter, and again dried in an oven. This makes
the black match, or tinder, brought from Germany.
 -- Sheep's-wool sponge, a fine and durable commercial sponge
(Spongia equina, variety gossypina) found in Florida and the West
Indies. The surface is covered with larger and smaller tufts, having
the oscula between them.
 -- Sponge cake, a kind of sweet cake which is light and spongy.
 -- Sponge lead, or Spongy lead (Chem.), metallic lead brought to a
spongy form by reduction of lead salts, or by compressing finely
divided lead; -- used in secondary batteries and otherwise.
 -- Sponge tree (Bot.), a tropical leguminous tree (Acacia
Farnesiana), with deliciously fragrant flowers, which are used in
perfumery.
 -- Toilet sponge, a very fine and superior variety of Mediterranean
sponge (Spongia officinalis, variety Mediterranea); -- called also
turkish sponge.
 -- To set a sponge (Cookery), to leaven a small mass of flour, to be
used in leavening a larger quantity.
 -- To throw up the sponge, to give up a contest; to acknowledge
defeat; -- from a custom of the prize ring, the person employed to
sponge a pugilist between rounds throwing his sponge in the air in
token of defeat. [Cant or Slang] "He was too brave a man to throw up
the sponge to fate." Lowell.
 -- Vegetable sponge. (Bot.) See Loof.
 -- Velvet sponge, a fine, soft commercial sponge (Spongia equina,
variety meandriniformis) found in Florida and the West Indies.
 -- Vitreous sponge. See Glass-sponge.
 -- Yellow sponge, a common and valuable commercial sponge (Spongia
agaricina, variety corlosia) found in Florida and the West Indies.

SPONGE
Sponge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sponged; p. pr. & vb. n. Sponging.]

1. To cleanse or wipe with a sponge; as, to sponge a slate or a
cannon; to wet with a sponge; as, to sponge cloth.

2. To wipe out with a sponge, as letters or writing; to efface; to
destroy all trace of. Hooker.

3. Fig.: To deprive of something by imposition. "How came such
multitudes of our nation . . . to be sponged of their plate and their
money" South.

4. Fig.: To get by imposition or mean arts without cost; as, to
sponge a breakfast. Swift.

SPONGE
Sponge, v. i.

1. To suck in, or imbile, as a sponge.

2. Fig.: To gain by mean arts, by intrusion, or hanging on; as, an
idler sponges on his neighbor. E. Eggleston.
The fly is an intruder, and a common smell-feast, that sponges upon
other people's trenchers. L'Estrange.

3. To be converted, as dough, into a light, spongy mass by the agency
of yeast, or leaven.

SPONGELET
Sponge"let, n.

Defn: See Spongiole.

SPONGEOUS
Spon"geous, a. Etym: [See Spongious.]

Defn: Resembling sponge; having the nature or qualities of sponge.

SPONGER
Spon"ger, n.

1. One who sponges, or uses a sponge.

2. One employed in gathering sponges.

3. Fig.: A parasitical dependent; a hanger-on.

SPONGIAE
Spon"gi*æ, n. pl. Etym: [See Sponge.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The grand division of the animal kingdom which includes the
sponges; -- called also Spongida, Spongiaria, Spongiozoa, and
Porifera.

Note: In the Spongiæ, the soft sarcode of the body is usually
supported by a skeleton consisting of horny fibers, or of silleceous
or calcareous spicules. The common sponges contain larger and smaller
cavities and canals, and numerous small ampullæ which which are lined
with ciliated cells capable of taking in solid food. The outer
surface usually has minute pores through which water enters, and
large openings for its exit. Sponges produce eggs and spermatozoa,
and the egg when fertilized undergoes segmentation to form a ciliated
embryo.

SPONGIDA
Spon"gi*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Spongiæ.

SPONGIFORM
Spon"gi*form, a.

Defn: Resembling a sponge; soft and porous; porous.

SPONGILLA
Spon*gil"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of spongia a sponge.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of siliceous spongea found in fresh water.

SPONGIN
Spon"gin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The chemical basis of sponge tissue, a nitrogenous, hornlike
substance which on decomposition with sulphuric acid yields leucin
and glycocoll.

SPONGINESS
Spon"gi*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being spongy. Dr. H. More.

SPONGING
Spon"ging,

Defn: a. & n. from Sponge, v. Sponging house (Eng. Law), a bailiff's
or other house in which debtors are put before being taken to jail,
or until they compromise with their creditors. At these houses
extortionate charges are commonly made for food, lodging, etc.

SPONGIOLE
Spon"gi*ole, n. Etym: [L. spongiola a rose gall, small roots, dim. of
spongia: cf. F. spongiole.] (Bot.)

Defn: A supposed spongelike expansion of the tip of a rootlet for
absorbing water; -- called also spongelet.

SPONGIOLITE
Spon"gi*o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: One of the microsporic siliceous spicules which occur
abundantly in the texture of sponges, and are sometimes found fossil,
as in flints.

SPONGIOPILIN
Spon`gi*o*pi"lin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A kind of cloth interwoven with small pieces of sponge and
rendered waterproof on one side by a covering of rubber. When
moistend with hot water it is used as a poultice.

SPONGIOSE; SPONGIOUS
Spon"gi*ose`, Spon"gi*ous, a. Etym: [L. spongious, spongeosus: cf. F.
spongieux. See Sponge.]

Defn: Somewhat spongy; spongelike; full of small cavities like
sponge; as, spongious bones.

SPONGIOZOA
Spon`gi*o*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Sponglæ.

SPONGOBLAST
Spon"go*blast, n. Etym: [Gr. -blast.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the cells which, in sponges, secrete the spongin, or the
material of the horny fibers.

SPONGOID
Spon"goid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resembling sponge; like sponge.

SPONGY
Spon"gy, a.

1. Soft, and full of cavities; of an open, loose, pliable texture;
as, a spongy excrescence; spongy earth; spongy cake; spongy bones.

2. Wet; drenched; soaked and soft, like sponge; rainy. "Spongy
April." Shak.

3. Having the quality of imbibing fluids, like a sponge. Spongy lead
(Chem.), sponge lead. See under Sponge.
 -- Spongy platinum. See under Platinum.

SPONK
Sponk, n.

Defn: See Spunk.

SPONSAL
Spon"sal, a. Etym: [L. sponsalis, fr. sponsus a betrothal, fr.
spondere, sponsum, to betroth. See Spouse, and cf. Esousal, Spousal.]

Defn: Relating to marriage, or to a spouse; spousal.

SPONSIBLE
Spon"si*ble, a. Etym: [Abbrev. from responsible.]

Defn: responsible; worthy of credit. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

SPONSION
Spon"sion, n. Etym: [L. sonsio, fr. spondere, sponsum, to promise
solemnly.]

1. The act of becoming surety for another.

2. (Internat. Law)

Defn: An act or engagement on behalf of a state, by an agent not
specially authorized for the purpose, or by one who exceeds the
limits of authority.

SPONSIONAL
Spon"sion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pledge or agreement; responsible. [R.]
He is righteous even in that representative and sponsional person he
put on. Abp. Leighton.

SPONSON
Spon"son, n. (Shipbuilding)
(a) One of the triangular platforms in front of, and abaft, the
paddle boxes of a steamboat.
(b) One of the slanting supports under the guards of a steamboat.
(c) One of the armored projections fitted with gun ports, used on
modern war vessels.

SPONSOR
Spon"sor, n. Etym: [L., from spondere, sponsum, to engage one's self.
See Spose.]

1. One who binds himself to answer for another, and is responsible
for his default; a surety.

2. One who at the baptism of an infant professore the christian faith
in its name, and guarantees its religious education; a godfather or
godmother.

SPONSORIAL
Spon*so"ri*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a sponsor.

SPONSORSHIP
Spon"sor*ship, n.

Defn: State of being a sponsor.

SPONTANEITY
Spon`ta*ne"i*ty, n.; pl. Spontaneities. Etym: [Cf. F. spontanéité.]

1. The quality or state of being spontaneous, or acting from native
feeling, proneness, or temperament, without constraint or external
force.
Romney Leigh, who lives by diagrams, And crosses not the
spontaneities Of all his individual, personal life With formal
universals. Mrs. Browning.

2. (Biol.)
(a) The tendency to undergo change, characteristic of both animal and
vegetable organisms, and not restrained or cheked by the environment.
(b) The tendency to activity of muscular tissue, including the
voluntary muscles, when in a state of healthful vigor and
refreshment.

SPONTANEOUS
Spon*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. spontaneus, fr. sponte of free will,
voluntarily.]

1. Proceding from natural feeling, temperament, or disposition, or
from a native internal proneness, readiness, or tendency, without
constraint; as, a spontaneous gift or proportion.

2. Proceeding from, or acting by, internal impulse, energy, or
natural law, without external force; as, spontaneous motion;
spontaneous growth.

3. Produced without being planted, or without human labor; as, a
spontaneous growth of wood. Spontaneous combustion, combustion
produced in a substance by the evolution of heat through the chemical
action of its own elements; as, the spontaneous combustion of waste
matter saturated with oil.
 -- Spontaneous generation. (Biol.) See under Generation.

Syn.
 -- Voluntary; uncompelled; willing.
 -- Spontaneous, Voluntary. What is voluntary is the result of a
volition, or act of choice; it therefore implies some degree of
consideration, and may be the result of mere reason without excited
feeling. What is spontaneous springs wholly from feeling, or a sudden
impulse which admits of no reflection; as, a spontaneous burst of
applause. Hence, the term is also applied to things inanimate when
they are produced without the determinate purpose or care of man.
"Abstinence which is but voluntary fasting, and . . . exercise which
is but voluntary labor." J. Seed.
Spontaneous joys, where nature has its play, The soul adopts, and
owns their firstborn away. Goldsmith.
-- Spon*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Spon*ta"ne*ous*ness, n.

SPONTOON
Spon*toon", n. Etym: [F. sponton, esponton, it. spontone, spuntone.]
(Mil.)

Defn: A kind of half-pike, or halberd, formerly borne by inferior
officers of the British infantry, and used in giving signals to the
soldiers.

SPOOK
Spook, n. Etym: [D. spook; akin to G. spuk, Sw. spöke, Dan. spögelse
a specter, spöge to play, sport, joke, spög a play, joke.]

1. A spirit; a ghost; an apparition; a hobgoblin. [Written also
spuke.] Ld. Lytton.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chimæra.

SPOOL
Spool, n. Etym: [OE. spole, OD. spoele, D. spoel; akin to G. spule,
OHG. spuola, Dan. & Sw. spole.]

Defn: A piece of cane or red with a knot at each end, or a hollow
cylinder of wood with a ridge at each end, used to wind thread or
yarn upon. Spool stand, an article holding spools of thread, turning
on pins, -- used by women at their work.

SPOOL
Spool, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spooled; p. pr. & vb. n. Spooling.]

Defn: To wind on a spool or spools.

SPOOLER
Spool"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, spools.

SPOOM
Spoom, v. i. Etym: [Probably fr. spum foam. See Spume.] (Naut.)

Defn: To be driven steadily and swiftly, as before a strong wind; to
be driven before the wind without any sail, or with only a part of
the sails spread; to scud under bare poles. [Written also spoon.]
When virtue spooms before a prosperous gale, My heaving wishes help
to fill the sail. Dryden.

SPOON
Spoon, v. i. (Naut.)

Defn: See Spoom. [Obs.]
We might have spooned before the wind as well as they. Pepys.

SPOON
Spoon, n. Etym: [OE. spon, AS. sp, a chip; akin to D. spaan, G. span,
Dan. spaan, Sw. spån, Icel. spánn, spónn, a chip, a spoon. sq.
root170. Cf. Span-new.]

1. An implement consisting of a small bowl (usually a shallow oval)
with a handle, used especially in preparing or eating food.
"Therefore behoveth him a full long spoon That shall eat with a
fiend," thus heard I say. Chaucer.
He must have a long spoon that must eat with the devil. Shak.

2. Anything which resembles a spoon in shape; esp. (Fishing), a spoon
bait.

3. Fig.: A simpleton; a spooney. [Slang] Hood. Spoon bait (Fishing),
a lure used in trolling, consisting of a glistening metallic plate
shaped like the bowl of a spoon with a fishhook attached.
 -- Spoon bit, a bit for boring, hollowed or furrowed along one side.
 -- Spoon net, a net for landing fish.
 -- Spoon oar. see under Oar.

SPOON
Spoon, v. t.

Defn: To take up in, a spoon.

SPOON
Spoon, v. i.

Defn: To act with demonstrative or foolish fondness, as one in love.
[Colloq.]

SPOONBILL
Spoon"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of several species of wading birds of the genera Ajaja
and Platalea, and allied genera, in which the long bill is broadly
expanded and flattened at the tip.

Note: The roseate spoonbill of America (Ajaja ajaja), and the
European spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) are the best known. The
royal spoonbill (P. regia) of Australia is white, with the skin in
front of the eyes naked and black. The male in the breeding season
has a fine crest.
(b) The shoveler. See Shoveler, 2.
(c) The ruddy duck. See under Ruddy.
(d) The paddlefish.

SPOON-BILLED
Spoon"-billed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the bill expanded and spatulate at the end.

SPOONDRIFT
Spoon"drift, n. Etym: [Spoom + drift.]

Defn: Spray blown from the tops waves during a gale at sea; also,
snow driven in the wind at sea; -- written also spindrift.

SPOONEY
Spoon"ey, a.

Defn: Weak-minded; demonstratively fond; as, spooney lovers. [Spelt
also spoony.] [Colloq.]

SPOONEY
Spoon"ey, n.; pl. Spooneye (.

Defn: A weak-minded or silly person; one who is foolishly fond.
[Colloq.]
There is no doubt, whatever, that I was a lackadaisical young
spooney. Dickens.

SPOONFLOWER
Spoon"flow`er, n.

Defn: The yautia.

SPOONFUL
Spoon"ful, n.; pl. Spoonfuls (.

1. The quantity which a spoon contains, or is able to contain; as, a
teaspoonful; a tablespoonful.

2. Hence, a small quantity. Arbuthnot.

SPOONILY
Spoon"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a spoony manner.

SPOON-MEAT
Spoon"-meat`, n.

Defn: Food that is, or must be, taken with a spoon; liquid food.
"Diet most upon spoon-meats." Harvey.

SPOONWOOD
Spoon"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia).

SPOONWORM
Spoon"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gephyrean worm of the genus Thalassema, having a spoonlike
probiscis.

SPOONWORT
Spoon"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Scurvy grass.

SPOONY
Spoon"y, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Spooney.

SPOOR
Spoor, n. Etym: [D. spoor; akin to AS. spor, G. spur, and from the
root of E. spur. sq. root171. See Spur.]

Defn: The track or trail of any wild animal; as, the spoor of an
elephant; -- used originally by travelers in South Africa.

SPOOR
Spoor, v. i.

Defn: To follow a spoor or trail. [R.]

SPORADES
Spor"a*des, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. spora`des. Cf. Sporadic.]
(Astron.)

Defn: Stars not included in any constellation; -- called also
informed, or unformed, stars.

SPORADIAL
Spo*ra"di*al, a.

Defn: Sporadic. [R.]

SPORADIC
Spo*rad"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. sporadique. See Spore.]

Defn: Occuring singly, or apart from other things of the same kind,
or in scattered instances; separate; single; as, a sporadic fireball;
a sporadic case of disease; a sporadic example of a flower. Sporadic
disease (Med.), a disease which occurs in single and scattered cases.
See the Note under Endemic, a.

SPORADICAL
Spo*rad"ic*al, a.

Defn: Sporadic.

SPORADICALLY
Spo*rad"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sporadic manner.

SPORANGIOPHORE
Spo*ran"gi*o*phore, n. Etym: [Sporangium + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The axis or receptacle in certain ferns (as Trichomanes), which
bears the sporangia.

SPORANGIUM
Spo*ran"gi*um, n.; pl. Sporangia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A spore case in the cryptogamous plants, as in ferns, etc.

SPORE
Spore, n. Etym: [Gr. Sperm.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) One of the minute grains in flowerless plants, which are
analogous to seeds, as serving to reproduce the species.

Note: Spores are produced differently in the different classes of
cryptogamous plants, and as regards their nature are often so unlike
that they have only their minuteness in common. The peculiar spores
of diatoms (called auxospores) increase in size, and at length
acquire a siliceous coating, thus becoming new diatoms of full size.
Compare Macrospore, Microspore, Oöspore, Restingspore, Sphærospore,
Swarmspore, Tetraspore, Zoöspore, and Zygospore.
(b) An embryo sac or embryonal vesicle in the ovules of flowering
plants.

2. (Biol.)
(a) A minute grain or germ; a small, round or ovoid body, formed in
certain organisms, and by germination giving rise to a new organism;
as, the reproductive spores of bacteria, etc.
(b) One of the parts formed by fission in certain Protozoa. See Spore
formation, belw. Spore formation. (a) (Biol) A mode of reproduction
resembling multitude fission, common among Protozoa, in which the
organism breaks up into a number of pieces, or spores, each of which
eventually develops into an organism like the parent form. Balfour.
(b) The formation of reproductive cells or spores, as in the growth
of bacilli.

SPORID
Spo"rid, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A sporidium. Lindley.

SPORIDIFEROUS
Spo`ri*dif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Sporidium + -ferous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing sporidia.

SPORIDIUM
Spo*rid"i*um, n.; pl. Sporidia. Etym: [NL. See Spore.] (Bot.)
(a) A secondary spore, or a filament produced from a spore, in
certain kinds of minute fungi.
(b) A spore.

SPORIFEROUS
Spo*rif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Spore + -ferous.] (Biol.)

Defn: Bearing or producing spores.

SPORIFICATION
Spo`ri*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Spore + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make.
See -fy.] (Biol.)

Defn: Spore formation. See Spore formation (b), under Spore.

SPOROCARP
Spo"ro*carp, n. Etym: [Spore + Gr. (Bot.)
(a) A closed body or conceptacle containing one or more masses of
spores or sporangia.
(b) A sporangium.

SPOROCYST
Spo"ro*cyst, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An asexual zooid, usually forming one of a series of larval
forms in the agamic reproduction of various trematodes and other
parasitic worms. The sporocyst generally develops from an egg, but in
its turn produces other larvæ by internal budding, or by the
subdivision of a part or all of its contents into a number of minute
germs. See Redia.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any protozoan when it becomes encysted produces germs by
sporulation.

SPOROGENESIS
Spo`ro*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Spore + genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: reproduction by spores.

SPOROGONY
Spo*rog"o*ny, n. Etym: [Spore + root of Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The growth or development of an animal or a zooid from a
nonsexual germ.

SPOROPHORE
Spo"ro*phore, n. Etym: [Spore + Gr. (Bot.)
(a) A placenta.
(b) That alternately produced form of certain cryptogamous plants, as
ferns, mosses, and the like, which is nonsexual, but produces spores
in countless numbers. In ferns it is the leafy plant, in mosses the
capsule. Cf. Oöphore.

SPOROPHORIC
Spo`ro*phor"ic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the nature of a sporophore.

SPOROPHYTE
Spo"ro*phyte, n.  [Spore + Gr.  plant.] (Bot.)

Defn: In plants exhibiting alternation of generations, the generation
which bears asexual spores; -- opposed to gametophyte. It is not
clearly differentiated in the life cycle of the lower plants. --
Spo`ro*phyt"ic (#), a.

SPOROSAC
Spo"ro*sac, n. Etym: [Spore + sac.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A hydrozoan reproductive zooid or gonophore which does not become
medusoid in form or structure. See Illust. under Athecata.
(b) An early or simple larval stage of trematode worms and some other
invertebrates, which is capable or reproducing other germs by asexual
generation; a nurse; a redia.

SPOROZOA
Spo`ro*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. a spore + (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division of parasitic Protozoa, which increase by
sporulation. It includes the Gregarinida.

SPOROZOID
Spo`ro*zo"id, n. Etym: [Spore + Gr. .] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Zoöspore.

SPOROZOITE
Spo`ro*zo"ite, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: In certain Sporozoa, a small active, usually elongate, sickle-
shaped or somewhat amoboid spore, esp. one of those produced by
division of the passive spores into which the zygote divides. The
sporozoites reproduce asexually.

SPORRAN
Spor"ran, n. Etym: [Gael. sporan.]

Defn: A large purse or pouch made of skin with the hair or fur on,
worn in front of the kilt by Highlanders when in full dress.

SPORT
Sport, n. Etym: [Abbreviated frm disport.]

1. That which diverts, and makes mirth; pastime; amusement.
It is as sport a fool do mischief. prov. x. 23.
Her sports were such as carried riches of knowledge upon the stream
of delight. Sir P. Sidney.
Think it but a minute spent in sport. Shak.

2. Mock; mockery; contemptuous mirth; derision.
Then make sport at me; then let me be your jest.Shak.

3. That with which one plays, or which is driven about in play; a
toy; a plaything; an object of mockery.
Flitting leaves, the sport of every wind. Dryden.
Never does man appear to greater disadvantage than when he is the
sport of his own ungoverned pasions. John Clarke.

4. Play; idle jingle.
An author who should introduce such a sport of words upon our stage
would meet with small applause. Broome.

5. Diversion of the field, as fowling, hunting, fishing, racing,
games, and the like, esp. when money is staked.

6. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: A plant or an animal, or part of a plant or animal, which has
some peculiarity not usually seen in the species; an abnormal variety
or growth. See Sporting plant, under Sporting.

7. A sportsman; a gambler. [Slang] In sport, in jest; for play or
diversion. "So is the man that deceiveth his neighbor, and saith, Am
not I in sport" Prov. xxvi. 19.

Syn.
 -- Play; game; diversion; frolic; mirth; mock; mockery; jeer.

SPORT
Sport, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sported; p. pr. & vb. n. Sporting.]

1. To play; to frolic; to wanton.
[Fish], sporting with quick glance, Show to the sun their waved coats
dropt with gold. Milton.

2. To practice the diversions of the field or the turf; to be given
to betting, as upon races.

3. To trifle. "He sports with his own life." Tillotson.

4. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: To assume suddenly a new and different character from the rest
of the plant or from the type of the species; -- said of a bud,
shoot, plant, or animal. See Sport, n., 6. Darwin.

Syn.
 -- To play; frolic; game; wanton.

SPORT
Sport, v. t.

1. To divert; to amuse; to make merry; -- used with the reciprocal
pronoun.
Against whom do ye sport yourselves Isa. lvii. 4.

2. To represent by any knd of play.
Now sporting on thy lyre the loves of youth. Dryden.

3. To exhibit, or bring out, in public; to use or wear; as, to sport
a new equipage. [Colloq.] Grose.

4. To give utterance to in a sportive manner; to throw out in an easy
and copious manner; -- with off; as, to sport off epigrams. Addison.
To sport one's oak. See under Oak, n.

SPORTABILITY
Sport`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Sportiveness. [Obs.]

SPORTAL
Sport"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to sports; used in sports. [R.] "Sportal
arms." Dryden.

SPORTER
Sport"er, n.

Defn: One who sports; a sportsman.
As this gentleman and I have been old fellow sporters, I have a
frienship for him. Goldsmith.

SPORTFUL
Sport"ful, a.

1. Full of sport; merry; frolicsome; full of jesting; indulging in
mirth or play; playful; wanton; as, a sportful companion.
Down he alights among the sportful herd. Milton.

2. Done in jest, or for mere play; sportive.
They are no sportful productions of the soil. Bentley.
-- Sport"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Sport"ful*ness, n.

SPORTING
Sport"ing, a.

Defn: Of pertaining to, or engaging in, sport or sporrts; exhibiting
the character or conduct of one who, or that which, sports. Sporting
book, a book containing a record of bets, gambling operations, and
the like. C. Kingsley.
 -- Sporting house, a house frequented by sportsmen, gamblers, and
the like.
 -- Sporting man, one who practices field sports; also, a horse
racer, a pugilist, a gambler, or the like.
 -- Sporting plant (Bot.), a plant in which a single bud or offset
suddenly assumes a new, and sometimes very different, character from
that of the rest of the plant. Darwin.

SPORTINGLY
Sport"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In sport; sportively.
The question you there put, you do it, I suppose, but sportingly.
Hammond.

SPORTIVE
Sport"ive, a.

Defn: Tending to, engaged in, or provocate of, sport; gay;
froliscome; playful; merry.
Is it I That drive thee from the sportive court Shak.
-- Sport"ive*ly, adv.
 -- Sport"ive*ness, n.

SPORTLESS
Sport"less, a.

Defn: Without sport or mirth; joyless.

SPORTLING
Sport"ling, n.

Defn: A little person or creature engaged in sports or in play.
When again the lambkins play --Pretty sportlings, full of May.
Philips.

SPORTSMAN
Sports"man, n.;pl. Sportsmen (.

Defn: One who pursues the sports of the field; one who hunts, fishes,
etc.

SPORTSMANSHIP
Sports"man*ship, n.

Defn: The practice of sportsmen; skill in field sports.

SPORTULA
Spor"tu*la, n.; pl. Sportulæ (. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A gift; a present; a prize; hence, an alms; a largess.
To feed luxuriously, to frequent sports and theaters, to run for the
sportula. South.

SPORTULARY
Spor"tu*la*ry, a.

Defn: Subsisting on alms or charitable contributions. [Obs.] Bp.
Hall.

SPORTULE
Spor"tule, n. Etym: [L. sportula a little basket, a gift, dim. of
sporta a basket: cf. F. sortule.]

Defn: A charitable gift or contribution; a gift; an alms; a dole; a
largess; a sportula. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

SPORULATION
Spor`u*la"tion, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The act or process of forming spores; spore formation. See
Illust. of Bacillus, b.

SPORULE
Spor"ule, n. Etym: [Dim. of spore.] (Biol.)

Defn: A small spore; a spore.

SPORULIFEROUS
Spor`u*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Sporule + -ferous.] (Biol.)

Defn: Producing sporules.

SPOT
Spot, n. Etym: [Cf. Scot. & D. spat, Dan. spette, Sw. spott spittle,
slaver; from the root of E. spit. See Spit to eject from the mouth,
and cf. Spatter.]

1. A mark on a substance or body made by foreign matter; a blot; a
place discolored.
Out, damned spot! Out, I say! Shak.

2. A stain on character or reputation; something that soils purity;
disgrace; reproach; fault; blemish.
Yet Chloe, sure, was formed without a spot. Pope.

3. A small part of a different color from the main part, or from the
ground upon which it is; as, the spots of a leopard; the spots on a
playing card.

4. A small extent of space; a place; any particular place. "Fixed to
one spot." Otway.
That spot to which I point is Paradise. Milton.
"A jolly place," said he, "in times of old! But something ails it
now: the spot is cursed." Wordsworth.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of the common domestic pigeon, so called from a spot
on its head just above its beak.

6. (Zoöl.)
(a) A sciænoid food fish (Liostomus xanthurus) of the Atlantic coast
of the United States. It has a black spot behind the shoulders and
fifteen oblique dark bars on the sides. Called also goody, Lafayette,
masooka, and old wife.
(b) The southern redfish, or red horse, which has a spot on each side
at the base of the tail. See Redfish.

7. pl.

Defn: Commodities, as merchandise and cotton, sold for immediate
delivery. [Broker's Cant] Crescent spot (Zoöl.), any butterfly of the
family Melitæidæ having crescent-shaped white spots along the margins
of the red or brown wings.
 -- Spot lens (Microscopy), a condensing lens in which the light is
confined to an annular pencil by means of a small, round diaphragm
(the spot), and used in dark-field ilumination; -- called also
spotted lens.
 -- Spot rump (Zoöl.), the Hudsonian godwit (Limosa hæmastica).
 -- Spots on the sun. (Astron.) See Sun spot, ander Sun.
 -- On, or Upon, the spot, immediately; before moving; without
changing place.
It was determined upon the spot. Swift.

Syn.
 -- Stain; flaw; speck; blot; disgrace; reproach; fault; blemish;
place; site; locality.

SPOT
Spot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Spotting.]

1. To make visible marks upon with some foreign matter; to discolor
in or with spots; to stain; to cover with spots or figures; as, to
spot a garnment; to spot paper.

2. To mark or note so as to insure recognition; to recognize; to
detect; as, to spot a criminal. [Cant]

3. To stain; to blemish; to taint; to disgrace; to tarnish, as
reputation; to asperse.
My virgin life no spotted thoughts shall stain. Sir P. Sidney.
If ever I shall close these eyes but once, May I live spotted for my
perjury. Beau. & Fl.
To spot timber, to cut or chip it, in preparation for hewing.

SPOT
Spot, v. i.

Defn: To become stained with spots.

SPOT CASH
Spot cash. (Com.)

Defn: Cash paid or ready for payment at once upon delivery of
property purchased.

SPOTLESS
Spot"less, a.

Defn: Without a spot; especially, free from reproach or impurity;
pure; untained; innocent; as, a spotless mind; spotless behavior.
A spotless virgin, and a faultless wife. Waller.

Syn.
 -- Blameless; unspotted; unblemished; pure; immaculate;
irreproachable. See Blameless.
 -- Spot"less*ly, adv.
 -- Spot"less*ness, n.

SPOTLIGHT
Spot"light`, n.

Defn: The projected spot or circle of light used to illuminate
brilliantly a single person or object or group on the stage; leaving
the rest of the stage more or less unilluminated; hence, conspicuous
public notice. [Cant or Colloq.]

SPOT STROKE
Spot stroke. (Eng. Billiards)

Defn: The pocketing of the red ball in a top corner pocket from off
its own spot so as to leave the cue ball in position for an easy
winning hazard in either top corner pocket.

SPOTTED
Spot"ted, a.

Defn: Marked with spots; as, a spotted garment or character. "The
spotted panther." Spenser. Spotted fever (Med.), a name applied to
various eruptive fevers, esp. to typhus fever and cerebro-spinal
meningitis.
 -- Spotted tree (Bot.), an Australian tree (Flindersia maculosa); --
so called because its bark falls off in spots.

SPOTTEDNESS
Spot"ted*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being spotted.

SPOTTER
Spot"ter, n.

Defn: One who spots.

SPOTTINESS
Spot"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being spotty.

SPOTTY
Spot"ty, a.

Defn: Full of spots; marked with spots.

SPOUSAGE
Spous"age (; 48), n. Etym: [OF. espousaige, from espouser. See
Spouse, v. t.]

Defn: Espousal. [Obs.] Bale.

SPOUSAL
Spous"al, a. Etym: [See Espousal, Sponsal, and Spouse.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a spouse or marriage; nuptial; matrimonial;
conjugal; bridal; as, spousal rites; spousal ornaments. Wordsworth.

SPOUSAL
Spous"al, n. Etym: [See Espousal, Spouse.]

Defn: Marriage; nuptials; espousal; -- generally used in the plural;
as, the spousals of Hippolita. Dryden.
Boweth your head under that blissful yoke . . . Which that men
clepeth spousal or wedlock. Chaucer.
the spousals of the newborn year. Emerson.

SPOUSE
Spouse, n. Etym: [OF. espous, espos, fem. espouse, F. époux, épouse,
fr. L. sponsus, sponsa, prop. p.p. of spondere, sponsum, to promise
solemnly, to engage one's self. Cf. Despond, Espouse, respond,
Sponsor.]

1. A man or woman engaged or joined in wedlock; a married person,
husband or wife.
At last such grace I found, and means I wrought, That that lady to my
spouse had won. Spenser.

2. A married man, in distinct from a spousess or married woman; a
bridegroom or husband. [Obs.]
At which marriage was [were] no person present but the spouse, the
spousess, the Duchess of Bedford her mother, the priest, two
gentlewomen, and a young man. Fabyan.

SPOUSE
Spouse, v. t. Etym: [See Espouse, and Spouse, n.]

Defn: To wed; to espouse. [Obs.]
This markis hath her spoused with a ring. Chaucer.
Though spoused, yet wanting wedlock's solemnize. Spenser.
She was found again, and spoused to Marinell. Spenser.

SPOUSE-BREACH
Spouse"-breach`, n.

Defn: Adultery. [Obs.]

SPOUSELESS
Spouse"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a spouse; unmarried.

SPOUSESS
Spous"ess, n.

Defn: A wife or bride. [Obs.] Fabyan.

SPOUT
Spout, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Spouting.] Etym:
[Cf. Sw. sputa, spruta, to spout, D. spuit a spout, spuiten to spout,
and E. spurt, sprit, v., sprout, sputter; or perhaps akin to E. spit
to eject from the mouth.]

1. To throw out forcibly and abudantly, as liquids through an office
or a pipe; to eject in a jet; as, an elephant spouts water from his
trunk.
Who kept Jonas in the fish's maw Till he was spouted up at Ninivee
Chaucer.
Next on his belly floats the mighty whale . . . He spouts the tide.
Creech.

2. To utter magniloquently; to recite in an oratorical or pompous
manner.
Pray, spout some French, son. Beau. & Fl.

3. To pawn; to pledge; as, spout a watch. [Cant]

SPOUT
Spout, v. i.

1. To issue with with violence, or in a jet, as a liquid through a
narrow orifice, or from a spout; as, water spouts from a hole; blood
spouts from an artery.
All the glittering hill Is bright with spouting rills. Thomson.

2. To eject water or liquid in a jet.

3. To utter a speech, especially in a pompous manner.

SPOUT
Spout, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. spruta a squirt, a syringe. See Spout, v.
t.]

1. That through which anything spouts; a discharging lip, pipe, or
orifice; a tube, pipe, or conductor of any kind through which a
liquid is poured, or by which it is conveyed in a stream from one
place to another; as, the spout of a teapot; a spout for conducting
water from the roof of a building. Addison. "A conduit with three
issuing spouts." Shak.
In whales . . . an ejection thereof [water] is contrived by a
fistula, or spout, at the head. Sir T. Browne.
From silver spouts the grateful liquors glide. Pope.

2. A trough for conducting grain, flour, etc., into a receptacle.

3. A discharge or jet of water or other liquid, esp. when rising in a
column; also, a waterspout. To put, shove, or pop, up the spout, to
pawn or pledge at a pawnbroker's; -- in allusion to the spout up
which the pawnbroker sent the ticketed articles. [Cant]

SPOUTER
Spout"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, spouts.

SPOUTFISH
Spout"fish, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine animal that spouts water; -- applied especially to
certain bivalve mollusks, like the long clams (Mya), which spout, or
squirt out, water when retiring into their holes.

SPOUTLESS
Spout"less, a.

Defn: Having no spout. Cowper.

SPOUTSHELL
Spout"shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine gastropod shell of the genus Apporhais having an
elongated siphon. See Illust. under Rostrifera.

SPRACK
Sprack, a. Etym: [Cf. Icel. spækr sprightly, dial. Sw. spräk, spräg,
spirited, mettlesome; or Gael. spraic vigor.]

Defn: Quick; lively' alert. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

SPRAD
Sprad, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Spread. Chaucer.

SPRADDE
Sprad"de, obs.

Defn: imp. of Spread. Chaucer.

SPRAG
Sprag, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. spraka a small flounder.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young salmon. [Prov. Eng.]

SPRAG
Sprag, n. Etym: [See Spray a branch.]

Defn: A billet of wood; a piece of timber used as a prop.

SPRAG
Sprag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spragged; p. pr. & vb. n. Spragging.]

1. To check the motion of, as a carriage on a steep grade, by putting
a sprag between the spokes of the wheel. R. S. Poole.

2. To prop or sustain with a sprag.

SPRAG
Sprag, a.

Defn: See Sprack, a. Shak.

SPRAIN
Sprain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sprained; p. pr. & vb. n. Spraining.]
Etym: [OF. espreindreto press, to force out, F. épreindre, fr. L.
exprimere. See Express, v. t., and cf. Spraints.]

Defn: To weaken, as a joint, ligament, or muscle, by sudden and
excessive exertion, as by wrenching; to overstrain, or stretch
injuriously, but without luxation; as, to sprain one's ankle.

SPRAIN
Sprain, n.

Defn: The act or result of spraining; lameness caused by spraining;
as, a bad sprain of the wrist. Sprain fracture (Med.), the separation
of a tendon from its point of insertion, with the detachment of a
shell of bone to which the tendon is attached.

SPRAINTS
Spraints, n. pl. Etym: [OF. espraintes, espreintes, F. épreintes from
espreinte a desire to go to stool, from espreindre. See Sprain, v.
t.]

Defn: The dung of an otter.

SPRANG
Sprang,

Defn: imp. of Spring.

SPRAT
Sprat, n. Etym: [OE. sprot, sprotte, D. sprot; akin to G. sprotte.]
(Zoöl.)
(a) A small European herring (Clupea sprattus) closely allied to the
common herring and the pilchard; -- called also garvie. The name is
also applied to small herring of different kinds.
(b) A California surf-fish (Rhacochilus toxotes); -- called also
alfione, and perch. Sprat borer (Zoöl.), the red-throated diver; --
so called from its fondness for sprats. See Diver.
 -- Sprat loon. (Zoöl.) (a) The young of the great northern diver.
[Prov. Eng.] (b) The red-throated diver. See Diver.
 -- Sprat mew (Zoöl.), the kittiwake gull.

SPRAWL
Sprawl (sprall), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sprawled (spralld); p. pr. & vb.
n. Sprawling.] Etym: [OE. spraulen; cf. Sw. sprattla to sprawl, dial.
Sw. spralla, Dan. spælle, sprælde, D. spartelen, spertelen, to
flounder, to struggle.]

1. To spread and stretch the body or limbs carelessly in a horizontal
position; to lie with the limbs stretched out ungracefully.

2. To spread irregularly, as vines, plants, or tress; to spread
ungracefully, as chirography.

3. To move, when lying down, with awkward extension and motions of
the limbs; to scramble in creeping.
The birds were not fledged; but upon sprawling and struggling to get
clear of the flame, down they tumbled. L'Estrange.

SPRAWLS
Sprawls, n. pl.

Defn: Small branches of a tree; twigs; sprays. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

SPRAY
Spray, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. sprag. See Sprig.]

1. A small shoot or branch; a twig. Chaucer.
The painted birds, companions of the spring, Hopping from spray, were
heard to sing. Dryden.

2. A collective body of small branches; as, the tree has a beautiful
spray.
And from the trees did lop the needless spray. Spenser.

3. (Founding)
(a) A side channel or branch of the runner of a flask, made to
distribute the metal in all parts of the mold.
(b) A group of castings made in the same mold and connected by sprues
formed in the runner and its branches. Knight. Spray drain (Agric.),
a drain made by laying under earth the sprays or small branches of
trees, which keep passages open.

SPRAY
Spray, n. Etym: [probably from a Dutch or Low German form akin to E.
spread. See Spread, v. t.]

1. Water flying in small drops or particles, as by the force of wind,
or the dashing of waves, or from a waterfall, and the like.

2. (Med.)
(a) A jet of fine medicated vapor, used either as an application to a
diseased part or to charge the air of a room with a disinfectant or a
deodorizer.
(b) An instrument for applying such a spray; an atomizer. Spray
condenser (Steam Engine) an injection condenser in which the steam is
condensed by a spray of water which mingles with it.

SPRAY
Spray, v. t.

1. To let fall in the form of spray. [Poetic] M. Arnold.

2. To throw spray upon; to treat with a liquid in the form of spray;
as, to spray a wound, or a surgical instrument, with carbolic acid.

SPRAYBOARD
Spray`board, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Dashboard, n., 2 (b).

SPRAYER
Spray"er, n.

Defn: One that sprays; any instrument for vaporizing and spraying
liquids.

SPREAD
Spread, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spread; p. pr. & vb. n. Spreading.] Etym:
[OE. spreden, AS. sprædan; akin to D. spreiden, spreijen, LG.
spreden, spreen, spreien, G. spreiten, Dan. sprede, Sw. sprida. Cf.
Spray water flying in drops.]

1. To extend in length and breadth, or in breadth only; to stretch or
expand to a broad or broader surface or extent; to open; to unfurl;
as, to spread a carpet; to spread a tent or a sail.
He bought a parcel of a field where he had spread his tent. Gen.
xxxiii. 19.
Here the Rhone Hath spread himself a couch. Byron.

2. To extend so as to cover something; to extend to a great or grater
extent in every direction; to cause to fill or cover a wide or wider
space.
Rose, as in a dance, the stately trees, and spread Their branches
hung with copious fruit. Milton.

3. To divulge; to publish, as news or fame; to cause to be more
extensively known; to disseminate; to make known fully; as, to spread
a report; -- often acompanied by abroad.
They, when they were departed, spread abroad his fame in all that
country. Matt. ix. 31.

4. To propagate; to cause to affect great numbers; as, to spread a
disease.

5. To diffuse, as emanations or effluvia; to emit; as, odoriferous
plants spread their fragrance.

6. To strew; to scatter over a surface; as, to spread manure; to
spread lime on the ground.

7. To prepare; to set and furnish with provisions; as, to spread a
table.
Boiled the flesh, and spread the board. Tennyson.
To sprad cloth, to unfurl sail. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Syn.
 -- To diffuse; propogate; disperse; publish; distribute; scatter;
circulate; disseminate; dispense.

SPREAD
Spread, v. i.

1. To extend in length and breadth in all directions, or in breadth
only; to be extended or stretched; to expand.
Plants, if they spread much, are seldom tall. Bacon.
Govrnor Winthrop, and his associates at Charlestown, had for a church
a large, spreading tree. B. Trumbull.

2. To be extended by drawing or beating; as, some metals spread with
difficulty.

3. To be made known more extensively, as news.

4. To be propagated from one to another; as, the disease spread into
all parts of the city. Shak.

SPREAD
Spread, n.

1. Extent; compass.
I have got a fine spread of improvable land. Addison.

2. Expansion of parts.
No flower hath spread like that of the woodbine. Bacon.

3. A cloth used as a cover for a table or a bed.

4. A table, as spread or furnished with a meal; hence, an
entertainment of food; a feast. [Colloq.]

5. A privilege which one person buys of another, of demanding certain
shares of stock at a certain price, or of delivering the same shares
of stock at another price, within a time agreed upon. [Broker's Cant]

6. (Geom.)

Defn: An unlimited expanse of discontinuous points.

SPREAD
Spread,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Spread, v. Spread eagle. (a) An eagle with
outspread wings, the national emblem of the United States. (b) The
figure of an eagle, with its wings elevated and its legs extended;
often met as a device upon military ornaments, and the like. (c)
(Her.) An eagle displayed; an eagle with the wings and legs extended
on each side of the body, as in the double-headed eagle of Austria
and Russia. See Displayed, 2.

SPREAD-EAGLE
Spread"-ea`gle, a.

Defn: Characterized by a pretentious, boastful, exaggerated style;
defiantly or extravagantly bombastic; as, a spread-eagle orator; a
spread-eagle speech. [Colloq.& Humorous]

SPREAD-EAGLE
Spread"-ea`gle v. i.

Defn: To assume a spread-eagled position; -- it may be done
reclining, for relaxation, or momentarily, as an exhibitionary
maneuver in a sport.

SPREAD-EAGLED
Spread"-ea`gled v.tr.

Defn: 1. To place in a spread-eagle position, especially as a means
of punishment. 2. being in a position with the arms and legs extended
fully.

SPREADER
Spread"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, spreads, expands, or propogates.

2. A machine for combining and drawing fibers of flax to form a
sliver preparatory to spinning.

SPREADINGLY
Spread"ing*ly

Defn: , adv. Increasingly.
The best times were spreadingly infected. Milton.

SPRECHERY
Sprech"er*y, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. spreidh catle.]

Defn: Movables of an inferior description; especially, such as have
been collected by depredation. [Scot]

SPREE
Spree, n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. spre a spark, animation, spirit, Gael.
spraic. Cf. Sprack.]

Defn: A merry frolic; especially, a drinking frolic; a carousal.
[Colloq.]

SPRENGE
Sprenge, v. t. Etym: [OE. sprengen, p.p. sprent, spreint, from AS.
sprengen to sprinkle. See Sprinkle.]

Defn: To sprinkle; to scatter. [Obs.] Wyclif (1 Pet. i. 2).

SPRENGEL PUMP
Spreng"el pump`. (Physics)

Defn: A form of air pump in which exhaustion is produced by a stream
of mercury running down a narrow tube, in the manner of an aspirator;
-- named from the inventor.

SPRENT
Sprent, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Sprenge. Sprinkled.
All the ground with purple blood was sprent. Spenser.

SPREW
Sprew, n. Etym: [Cf. D. sprouw, spruw.] (Med.)

Defn: Thrush. [Local, U.S.]

SPREYND
Spreynd, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Sprenge. Sprinkled.
When spreynd was holy water. Chaucer.

SPRIG
Sprig, n. Etym: [AS. sprec; akin to Icel. sprek a stick. Cf. Spray a
branch.]

1. A small shoot or twig of a tree or other plant; a spray; as, a
sprig of laurel or of parsley.

2. A youth; a lad; -- used humorously or in slight disparagement.
A sprig whom I remember, with a whey-face and a satchel, not so many
years ago. Sir W. Scott.

3. A brad, or nail without a head.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A small eyebolt ragged or barbed at the point.

SPRIG
Sprig, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sprigged; p. pr. & vb. n. Sprigging.]

Defn: To mark or adorn with the representation of small branches; to
work with sprigs; as, to sprig muslin.

SPRIGGED
Sprigged, a.

Defn: Having sprigs.

SPRIGGY
Sprig"gy, a.

Defn: Full of sprigs or small branches.

SPRIGHT
Spright, n. Etym: [See Sprite.]

1. Spirit; mind; soul; state of mind; mood. [Obs.] "The high heroic
spright." Spenser.
Wondrous great grief groweth in my spright. Spenser.

2. A supernatural being; a spirit; a shade; an apparition; a ghost.
Forth he called, out of deep darkness dread, Legions of sprights.
Spenser.
To thee, O Father, Son, and Sacred Spright. Fairfax.

3. A kind of short arrow. [Obs.] Bacon.

SPRIGHT
Spright, v. t.

Defn: To haunt, as a spright. [Obs.] Shak.

SPRIGHTFUL
Spright"ful, a. Etym: [Spright sprite + full.]

Defn: Full of spirit or of life; earnest; vivacious; lively; brisk;
nimble; gay. [Obs.] -- Spright"ful*ly, adv. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- Spright"ful*ness, n. [Obs.]
Spoke like a sprightful gentlemen. Shak.
Steeds sprightful as the light. Cowley.

SPRIGHTLESS
Spright"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of life; dull; sluggish.

SPRIGHTLINESS
Spright"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sprightly; liveliness; life;
briskness; vigor; activity; gayety; vivacity.
In dreams, observe with what a sprightliness and alacrity does she
[the soul] exert herself! Addison.

SPRIGHTLY
Spright"ly, a. [Compar. Sprightlier; superl. Sprightliest.] Etym:
[See Sprite.]

Defn: Sprightlike, or spiritlike; lively; brisk; animated; vigorous;
airy; gay; as, a sprightly youth; a sprightly air; a sprightly dance.
"Sprightly wit and love inspires." Dryden.
The sprightly Sylvia trips along the green. Pope.

SPRIGTAIL
Sprig"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The pintail duck; -- called also sprig, and spreet-tail. [Local,
U.S.]
(b) The sharp-tailed grouse. [Local, U.S.]

SPRING
Spring, v. i. [imp. Sprang or Sprung (; p. p. Sprung; p. pr. & vb. n.
Springing.] Etym: [AS. springan; akin to D. & G. springen, OS. & OHG.
springan, Icel. & Sw. springa, Dan. springe; cf. Gr. Springe,
Sprinkle.]

1. To leap; to bound; to jump.
The mountain stag that springs From height to height, and bounds
along the plains. Philips.

2. To issue with speed and violence; to move with activity; to dart;
to shoot.
And sudden light Sprung through the vaulted roof. Dryden.

3. To start or rise suddenly, as from a covert.
Watchful as fowlers when their game will spring. Otway.

4. To fly back; as, a bow, when bent, springs back by its elastic
power.

5. To bend from a straight direction or plane surface; to become
warped; as, a piece of timber, or a plank, sometimes springs in
seasoning.

6. To shoot up, out, or forth; to come to the light; to begin to
appear; to emerge; as a plant from its seed, as streams from their
source, and the like; -often followed by up, forth, or out.
Till well nigh the day began to spring. Chaucer.
To satisfy the desolate and waste ground, and to cause the bud of the
tender herb to spring forth. Job xxxviii. 27.
Do not blast my springing hopes. Rowe.
O, spring to light; auspicious Babe, be born. Pope.

7. To issue or proceed, as from a parent or ancestor; to result, as
from a cause, motive, reason, or principle.
[They found] new hope to spring Out of despair, joy, but with fear
yet linked. Milton.

8. To grow; to prosper.
What makes all this, but Jupiter the king, At whose command we
perish, and we spring Dryden.
To spring at, to leap toward; to attempt to reach by a leap.
 -- To spring forth, to leap out; to rush out.
 -- To spring in, to rush in; to enter with a leap or in haste.
 -- To spring on or upon, to leap on; to rush on with haste or
violence; to assault.

SPRING
Spring, v. t.

1. To cause to spring up; to start or rouse, as game; to cause to
rise from the earth, or from a covert; as, to spring a pheasant.

2. To produce or disclose suddenly or unexpectedly.
She starts, and leaves her bed, amd springs a light. Dryden.
The friends to the cause sprang a new project. Swift.

3. To cause to explode; as, to spring a mine.

4. To crack or split; to bend or strain so as to weaken; as, to
spring a mast or a yard.

5. To cause to close suddenly, as the parts of a trap operated by a
spring; as, to spring a trap.

6. To bend by force, as something stiff or strong; to force or put by
bending, as a beam into its sockets, and allowing it to straighten
when in place; -- often with in, out, etc.; as, to spring in a slat
or a bar.

7. To pass over by leaping; as, to spring a fence. To spring a butt
(Naut.), to loosen the end of a plank in a ship's bottom.
 -- To spring a leak (Naut.), to begin to leak.
 -- To spring an arch (Arch.), to build an arch; -- a common term
among masons; as, to spring an arcg over a lintel.
 -- To spring a rattle, to cause a rattle to sound. See Watchman's
rattle, under Watchman.
 -- To spring the luff (Naut.), to ease the helm, and sail nearer to
the wind than before; -- said of a vessel. Mar. Dict.
 -- To spring a mast or spar (Naut.), to strain it so that it is
unserviceable.

SPRING
Spring, n. Etym: [AS. spring a fountain, a leap. See Spring, v. i.]

1. A leap; a bound; a jump.
The prisoner, with a spring, from prison broke. Dryden.

2. A flying back; the resilience of a body recovering its former
state by elasticity; as, the spring of a bow.

3. Elastic power or force.
Heavens! what a spring was in his arm! Dryden.

4. An elastic body of any kind, as steel, India rubber, tough wood,
or compressed air, used for various mechanical purposes, as receiving
and imparting power, diminishing concussion, regulating motion,
measuring weight or other force.

Note: The principal varieties of springs used in mechanisms are the
spiral spring (Fig. a), the coil spring (Fig. b), the elliptic spring
(Fig. c), the half-elliptic spring (Fig. d), the volute spring, the
India-rubber spring, the atmospheric spring, etc.

5. Any source of supply; especially, the source from which a stream
proceeds; as issue of water from the earth; a natural fountain. "All
my springs are in thee." Ps. lxxxvii. 7. "A secret spring of
spiritual joy." Bentley. "The sacred spring whence and honor
streams." red rose of the House of Lancaster. Sir J. Davies.

6. Any active power; that by which action, or motion, is produced or
propagated; cause; origin; motive.
Our author shuns by vulgar springs to move The hero's glory, or the
virgin's love. Pope.

7. That which springs, or is originated, from a source; as: (a) A
race; lineage. [Obs.] Chapman.
(b) A youth; a springal. [Obs.] Spenser.
(c) A shoot; a plant; a young tree; also, a grove of trees; woodland.
[Obs.] Spenser. Milton.

8. That which causes one to spring; specifically, a lively tune.
[Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

9. The season of the year when plants begin to vegetate and grow; the
vernal season, usually comprehending the months of March, April, and
May, in the middle latitudes north of the equator. "The green lap of
the new-come spring." Shak.

Note: Spring of the astronomical year begins with the vernal equinox,
about March 21st, and ends with the summer solstice, about June 21st.

10. The time of growth and progress; early portion; first stage. "The
spring of the day." 1 Sam. ix. 26.
O how this spring of love resembleth The uncertain glory of an April
day. Shak.

11. (Naut.)
(a) A crack or fissure in a mast or yard, running obliquely or
transversely.
(b) A line led from a vessel's quarter to her cable so that by
tightening or slacking it she can be made to lie in any desired
position; a line led diagonally from the bow or stern of a vessel to
some point upon the wharf to which she is moored. Air spring, Boiling
spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc.
 -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin
sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect
of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or
other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat.
 -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by
the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel.
 -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See
Paddle beam, under Paddle, n.
 -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia,
delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms,
appearing in springtime. (b) (Zoöl.) A small, elegant American
butterfly (Erora læta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the
male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are
mostly blue.
 -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which
springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity.
 -- Spring beetle (Zoöl.), a snapping beetle; an elater.
 -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of
mechanism, in which the spring is contained.
 -- Spring fly (Zoöl.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it
appears in the spring.
 -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal.
 -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden
upon or is otherwise moved.
 -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the
driving-wheel spring to the frame.
 -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring.

-- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring.
 -- Spring mattress, a spring bed.
 -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under
Springing.
 -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is
divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder.
[Obs.] Nares.
Sir, pray hand the spring of pork to me. Gayton.
-- Spring pin (Locomotive Engines), an iron rod fitted between the
springs and the axle boxes, to sustain and regulate the pressure on
the axles.
 -- Spring rye, a kind of rye sown in the spring; -- in distinction
from winter rye, sown in autumn.
 -- Spring stay (Naut.), a preventer stay, to assist the regular one.
R. H. Dana, Jr.
 -- Spring tide, the tide which happens at, or soon after, the new
and the full moon, and which rises higher than common tides. See
Tide.
 -- Spring wagon, a wagon in which springs are interposed between the
body and the axles to form elastic supports.
 -- Spring wheat, any kind of wheat sown in the spring; -- in
distinction from winter wheat, which is sown in autumn.

SPRINGAL; SPRINGALD; SPRINGALL
Spring"al, Spring"ald, Spring"all, a. Etym: [Scot. springald,
springel, fr. Scot. & E. spring.]

Defn: An active, springly young man. [Obs.] "There came two springals
of full tender years." Spenser.
Joseph, when he was sold to Potiphar, that great man, was a fair
young springall. Latimer.

SPRINGAL
Spring"al, n. Etym: [OF. espringale; of Teutonic origin, akin to E.
spring.]

Defn: An ancient military engine for casting stones and arrows by
means of a spring.

SPRINGBOARD
Spring"board`, n.

Defn: An elastic board, secured at the ends, or at one end, often by
elastic supports, used in performing feats of agility or in
exercising.

SPRINGBOK; SPRINGBUCK
Spring"bok`, Spring"buck`, n. Etym: [D. springbok; springen to
spring, leap + bok a he-goat, buck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South African gazelle (Gazella euchore) noted for its
graceful form and swiftness, and for its peculiar habit of springing
lighty and suddenly into the air. It has a white dorsal stripe,
expanding into a broad patch of white on the rump and tail. Called
also springer. [Written also springboc, and springbock.]

SPRINGE
Springe, n. Etym: [From Spring, v. i.: cf. G. sprenkel, Prov. E.
springle.]

Defn: A noose fastened to an elastic body, and drawn close with a
sudden spring, whereby it catches a bird or other animal; a gin; a
snare.
As a woodcock to mine own springe. Shak.

SPRINGE
Springe, v. t.

Defn: To catch in a springe; to insnare. [R.]

SPRINGE
Spring"e ( or ), v. t. Etym: [OE. sprengen. See Sprinkle.]

Defn: To sprinkle; to scatter. [Obs.]
He would sowen some difficulty, Or springen cockle in our cleane
corn. Chaucer.

SPRINGER
Spring"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, springs; specifically, one who rouses
game.

2. A young plant. [Obs.] Evelyn.

3. (Arch.)
(a) The impost, or point at which an arch rests upon its support, and
from which it seems to spring. Hence:
(b) The bottom stone of an arch, which lies on the impost. The skew
back is one form of springer.
(c) The rib of a groined vault, as being the solid abutment for each
section of vaulting.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The grampus.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of the field spaniel. See Spaniel.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of antelope; the sprinkbok.

SPRINGHALT
Spring"halt`, n. (Far.)

Defn: A kind of lameness in horse. See Stringhalt. Shak.

SPRINGHEAD
Spring"head`, n.

Defn: A fountain or source.

SPRINGINESS
Spring"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being springly. Boyle.

SPRINGING
Spring"ing, n.

1. The act or process of one who, or that which, springs.

2. Growth; increase; also, that which springs up; a shoot; a plant.
Thou blessest the springing thereof. Ps. lxv. 10.
Springing line of an arch (Arch.), the horizontal line drawn through
the junction of the vertical face of the impost with the curve of the
intrados; -- called also spring of an arch.

SPRINGLE
Sprin"gle, n.

Defn: A springe. [Prov. Eng.]

SPRINGLET
Spring"let, n.

Defn: A little spring.
But yet from out the little hill Oozes the slender springlet still.
Sir W. Scott.

SPRING STEEL
Spring steel.

Defn: A variety of steel, elastic, strong, and tough, rolled for
springs, etc.

SPRINGTAIL
Spring"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small apterous insects belonging
to the order Thysanura. They have two elastic caudal stylets which
can be bent under the abdomen and then suddenly extended like a
spring, thus enabling them to leap to a considerable distance. See
Collembola, and Podura.

SPRINGTIDE
Spring"tide, n.

Defn: The time of spring; springtime. Thomson.

SPRINGTIME
Spring"time`, n.

Defn: The season of spring; springtide.

SPRINGY
Spring"y, a. [Compar. Springier; superl. Springiest.] Etym: [From
Spring.]

1. Resembling, having the qualities of, or pertaining to, a spring;
elastic; as, springy steel; a springy step.
Though her little frame was slight, it was firm and springy. Sir W.
Scott.

2. Abounding with springs or fountains; wet; spongy; as, springy
land.

SPRINKLE
Sprin"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sprinkled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sprinkling.] Etym: [OE. sprenkelen, freq. of sprengen to sprinkle, to
scatter, AS. sprengan, properly, to make to spring, causative of
springan to spring; akin to D. sprenkelen to sprinkle, G. sprengen.
See Spring, v. i., and cf. Sprent.]

1. To scatter in small drops or particles, as water, seed, etc.

2. To scatter on; to disperse something over in small drops or
particles; to besprinkle; as, to sprinkle the earth with water; to
sprinkle a floor with sand.

3. To baptize by the application of a few drops, or a small quantity,
of water; hence, to cleanse; to purify.
Having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience. Heb. x. 22.

SPRINKLE
Sprin"kle, v. i.

1. To scatter a liquid, or any fine substance, so that it may fall in
particles.
And the priest shall . . . sprinkle of the oil with his finger seven
times before the Lord. Lev. xiv. 16.

2. To rain moderately, or with scattered drops falling now and then;
as, it sprinkles.

3. To fly or be scattered in small drops or particles.

SPRINKLE
Sprin"kle, n.

1. A small quantity scattered, or sparsely distributed; a sprinkling.

2. A utensil for sprinkling; a sprinkler. [Obs.]

SPRINKLER
Sprin"kler, n.

1. One who sprinkles.

2. An instrument or vessel used in sprinkling; specifically, a
watering pot.

SPRINKLING
Sprin"kling, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, sprinkles.
Baptism may well enough be performed by sprinkling or effusion of
water. Ayliffe.

2. A small quantity falling in distinct drops or particles; as, a
sprinkling of rain or snow.

3. Hence, a moderate number or quantity distributed like drops.
Craik.

SPRINT
Sprint, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sprinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sprinting.]
Etym: [Cf. Sprunt.]

Defn: To run very rapidly; to run at full speed.
A runner [in a quarter-mile race] should be able to sprint the whole
way. Encyc. Brit.

SPRINT
Sprint, n.

Defn: The act of sprinting; a run of a short distance at full speed.
Sprint race, a foot race at the highest running speed; -- usually
limited to distance under a quarter of a mile.

SPRINTER
Sprint"er, n.

Defn: One who sprints; one who runs in sprint races; as, a champion
sprinter.

SPRIT
Sprit, v. t. Etym: [Akin to G. spritzen, sprützen. See Sprit, v. i.]

Defn: To throw out with force from a narrow orifice; to eject; to
spurt out. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SPRIT
Sprit, v. i. Etym: [AS. spryttan to sprout, but. See Sprout, v. i.,
and cf. Spurt, v. t., Sprit a spar.]

Defn: To sprout; to bud; to germinate, as barley steeped for malt.

SPRIT
Sprit, n.

Defn: A shoot; a sprout. [Obs.] Mortimer.

SPRIT
Sprit, n. Etym: [OE. spret, AS. spreót a sprit; spear; akin to D.
spriet, and E. sprout, sprit, v.t. & i. See Sprout, v. i.] (Naut.)

Defn: A small boom, pole, or spar, which crosses the sail of a boat
diagonally from the mast to the upper aftmost corner, which it is
used to extend and elevate.

SPRITE
Sprite, n. Etym: [OE. sprit, F. esprit, fr. L. spiritus. See Spirit,
and cf. Sprightly.]

1. A spirit; a soul; a shade; also, an apparition. See Spright.
Gaping graves received the wandering, guilty sprite. Dryden.

2. An elf; a fairy; a goblin.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The green woodpecker, or yaffle.

SPRITEFUL; SPRITEFULLY; SPRITELINESS; SPRITELY
Sprite"ful, a. Sprite"ful*ly, adv., Sprite"li*ness (, n., Sprite"ly,
a., etc.

Defn: See Sprightful, Sprightfully, Sprightliness, Sprightly, etc.

SPRITSAIL
Sprit"sail ( or ), n. (Naut.)
(a) A sail extended by a sprit.
(b) A sail formerly hung under the bowsprit, from the spritsail yard.

SPROCKET WHEEL
Sprock"et wheel`. Etym: [Etymology of sprocket is uncertain.] (Mach.)

Defn: Same as Chain wheel.

SPROD
Sprod, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. & Ir. bradan a salmon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A salmon in its second year. [Prov. Eng.]

SPRONG
Sprong, obs.

Defn: imp. of Spring. Sprung.

SPROUT
Sprout, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sprouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sprouting.]
Etym: [OE. sprouten, spruten; akin to OFries. spr, AS. spreótan, D.
spruiten, G. spriessen, Sw. spruta to squirt, to spout. Cf. Sprit, v.
t. & i., Sprit a spar, Spout, v. t., Spurt.]

1. To shoot, as the seed of a plant; to germinate; to push out new
shoots; hence, to grow like shoots of plants.

2. To shoot into ramifications. [Obs.] Bacon.

SPROUT
Sprout, v. t.

1. To cause to sprout; as, the rain will sprout the seed.

2. To deprive of sprouts; as, to sprout potatoes.

SPROUT
Sprout, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. sprote a sprout, sprig; akin to Icel.
sproti, G. sprosse. See Sprout, v. i.]

1. The shoot of a plant; a shoot from the seed, from the stump, or
from the root or tuber, of a plant or tree; more rarely, a shoot from
the stem of a plant, or the end of a branch.

2. pl.

Defn: Young coleworts; Brussels sprouts. Johnson. Brussels sprouts
(Bot.) See under Brussels.

SPRUCE
Spruce, n. Etym: [OE. Spruce or Pruse, Prussia, Prussian. So named
because it was first known as a native of Prussia, or because its
sprouts were used for making, spruce beer. Cf. Spruce beer, below,
Spruce, a.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any coniferous tree of the genus Picea, as the Norway spruce
(P. excelsa), and the white and black spruces of America (P. alba and
P. nigra), besides several others in the far Northwest. See Picea.

2. The wood or timber of the spruce tree.

3. Prussia leather; pruce. [Obs.]
Spruce, a sort of leather corruptly so called for Prussia leather. E.
Phillips.
Douglas spruce (Bot.), a valuable timber tree (Pseudotsuga Douglasii)
of Northwestern America.
 -- Essence of spruce, a thick, dark-colored, bitterish, and
acidulous liquid made by evaporating a decoction of the young
branches of spruce.
 -- Hemlock spruce (Bot.), a graceful coniferous tree (Tsuga
Canadensis) of North America. Its timber is valuable, and the bark is
largely used in tanning leather.
 -- Spruce beer. Etym: [G. sprossenbier; sprosse sprout, shoot (akin
to E. sprout, n.) + bier beer. The word was changed into spruce
because the beer came from Prussia (OE. Spruce), or because it was
made from the sprouts of the spruce. See Sprout, n., Beer, and cf.
Spruce, n.] A kind of beer which is tinctured or flavored with
spruce, either by means of the extract or by decoction.
 -- Spruce grouse. (Zoöl.) Same as Spruce partridge, below.
 -- Spruce leather. See Spruce, n., 3.
 -- Spruce partridge (Zoöl.), a handsome American grouse (Dendragapus
Canadensis) found in Canada and the Northern United States; -- called
also Canada grouse.

SPRUCE
Spruce, a. [Compar. Sprucer; superl. Sprucest] Etym: [Perhaps fr.
spruce a sort of leather from Prussia, which was an article of
finery. See Spruce, n.]

1. Neat, without elegance or dignity; -- formerly applied to things
with a serious meaning; now chiefly applied to persons. "Neat and
spruce array." Remedy of Love.

2. Sprightly; dashing. [Obs.] "Now, my spruce companions." Shak.
He is so spruce that he can never be genteel. Tatler.

Syn.
 -- Finical; neat; trim. See Finical.
 -- Sruce"ly, adv.
 -- Spruce"ness, n.

SPRUCE
Spruce, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spruced; p. pr. & vb. n. Sprucing.]

Defn: To dress with affected neatness; to trim; to make spruce.

SPRUCE
Spruce, v. i.

Defn: To dress one's self with affected neatness; as, to spruce up.

SPRUE
Sprue, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

1. (Founding)
(a) Strictly, the hole through which melted metal is poured into the
gate, and thence into the mold.
(b) The waste piece of metal cast in this hole; hence, dross.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Sprew.

SPRUG
Sprug, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. sprug up to dress neatly, sprag to
prop, a., lively.]

Defn: To make smart. [Obs.]

SPRUNG
Sprung,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Spring.

SPRUNG
Sprung, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Said of a spar that has been cracked or strained.

SPRUNT
Sprunt, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Sprout, v. i.]

Defn: To spring up; to germinate; to spring forward or outward.
[Obs.] To sprunt up, to draw one's self up suddenly, as in anger or
defiance; to bristle up. [Local, U.S.]

SPRUNT
Sprunt, n.

1. Anything short and stiff. [Obs.]

2. A leap; a spring. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

3. A steep ascent in a road. [Prov. Eng.]

SPRUNT
Sprunt, a.

Defn: Active; lively; vigorous. [Obs.] Kersey.

SPRUNTLY
Sprunt"ly, adv.

Defn: In a sprunt manner; smartly; vigorously; youthfully. [Obs.] B.
Jonson.

SPRY
Spry, a. [Compar. Sprier or Spryer (; superl. Spriest or Spryest.]
Etym: [Cf. dial. Sw. sprygg lively, skittish, and E. sprag.]

Defn: Having great power of leaping or running; nimble; active. [U.S.
& Local Eng.]
She is as spry as a cricket. S. Judd (Margaret).
If I'm not so large as you, You are not so small as I, And not half
so spry. Emerson.

SPUD
Spud, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. spyd a spear.]

1. A sharp, narrow spade, usually with a long handle, used by farmers
for digging up large-rooted weeds; a similarly shaped implement used
for various purposes.
My spud these nettles from the stone can part. Swyft.

2. A dagger. [Obs.] olland.

3. Anything short and thick; specifically, a piece of dough boiled in
fat. [Local, U.S.]

SPUE
Spue, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Spew.

SPUILZIE
Spuil"zie, n.

Defn: See Spulzie.

SPUKE
Spuke, n.

Defn: See Spook.

SPULLER
Spul"ler (, n. [For spooler.] Etym: [See Spool.]

Defn: One employed to inspect yarn, to see that it is well spun, and
fit for the loom. [Prov. Eng.]

SPULZIE
Spul"zie, n. Etym: [Cf. Spoil.]

Defn: Plunder, or booty. [Written also spuilzie, and spulye.] Sir W.
Scott.

SPUME
Spume, n. Etym: [L. spuma. Cf. Pumice, Spoom.]

Defn: Frothy matter raised on liquids by boiling, effervescence, or
agitation; froth; foam; scum.
Materials dark and crude, Of spiritous and fiery spume. Milton.

SPUME
Spume, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Spumed; p. pr. & vb. n. Spuming.] Etym:
[L. spumare.]

Defn: To froth; to foam.

SPUMEOUS
Spume"ous, a.

Defn: Spumous. [Obs.] r. H. More.

SPUMESCENCE
Spu*mes"cence, n. Etym: [See Spumescent.]

Defn: The state of being foamy; frothiness.

SPUMESCENT
Spu*mes"cent, a. Etym: [L. spumescens, p.pr. of spumescere to grow
foamy, from spuma foam.]

Defn: Resembling froth or foam; foaming.

SPUMID
Spum"id, a. Etym: [L. spumidis.]

Defn: Spumous; frothy. [Obs.]

SPUMIFEROUS
Spu*mif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. spumifier; spuma foam + ferra bear.]

Defn: Producing foam.

SPUMINESS
Spum"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being spumy; spumescence.

SPUMOUS; SPUMY
Spum"ous, Spum"y, a. Etym: [L. spumosus, spuma foam: cf. F. spumeux.]

Defn: Consisting of, containing, or covered with, froth, scum, or
foam; frothy; foamy.
The spumous and florid state of the blood. Arbuthnot.
The spumy waves proclaim the watery war. Dryden.

SPUN
Spun,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Spin. Spun hay, hay twisted into ropes for
convenient carriage, as on a military expedition.
 -- Spun silk, a cheap article produced from floss, or short-fibered,
broken, and waste silk, carded and spun, in distinction from the long
filaments wound from the cocoon. It is often mixed with cotton.
 -- Spun yarn (Naut.), a line formed of two or more rope-yarns
loosely twisted.

SPUNGE
Spunge (spûnj), n.

Defn: A sponge. [Obs.]

SPUNK
Spunk (spûnk), n. Etym: [Gael. spong, or Ir. sponc, tinder, sponge;
cf. AS. sponge a sponge (L. spongia), spon a chip. Cf. Sponge, Punk.]
[Written also sponk.]

1. Wood that readily takes fire; touchwood; also, a kind of tinder
made from a species of fungus; punk; amadou. Sir T. Browne.

2. An inflammable temper; spirit; mettle; pluck; as, a man of spunk.
[Colloq.]
A lawless and dangerous set, men of spunk, and spirit, and power,
both of mind and body. Prof. Wilson.

SPUNKY
Spunk"y, a. [Compar. Spunkier; superl. Spunkiest.]

Defn: Full of spunk; quick; spirited. [Colloq.]

SPUR
Spur, n. Etym: [See Sparrow.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A sparrow. [Scot.]
(b) A tern. [Prov. Eng.]

SPUR
Spur, n. Etym: [OE. spure, AS. spura, spora; akin to D. spoor, G.
sporn, OHG. sporo, Icel. spori, Dan. spore, Sw. sporre, and to AS.
spor a trace, footstep, spyrian to trace, track, examine, and E.
spurn. sq. root171. Cf. Sparrow, Spere, Spoor, Spurn.]

1. An implement secured to the heel, or above the heel, of a
horseman, to urge the horse by its pressure. Modern spurs have a
small wheel, or rowel, with short points. Spurs were the badge of
knighthood.
And on her feet a pair of spurs large. Chaucer.

2. That which goads to action; an incitement.
Fame is the spur that the clear spirit doth raise (That last
infirmity of noble mind) To scorn delights and live laborious days.
Milton.

3. Something that projects; a snag.

4. One of the large or principal roots of a tree. Shak.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any stiff, sharp spine, as on the wings and legs of certain
burds, on the legs of insects, etc.; especially, the spine on a
cock's leg.

6. A mountain that shoots from any other mountain, or range of
mountains, and extends to some distance in a lateral direction, or at
right angles.

7. A spiked iron worn by seamen upon the bottom of the boot, to
enable them to stand upon the carcass of a whale, to strip off the
blubber.

8. (Carp.)

Defn: A brace strengthening a post and some connected part, as a
rafter or crossbeam; a strut.

9. (Arch.)
(a) The short wooden buttress of a post.
(b) A projection from the round base of a column, occupying the angle
of a square plinth upon which the base rests, or bringing the bottom
bed of the base to a nearly square form. It is generally carved in
leafage.

10. (Bot.)
(a) Any projecting appendage of a flower looking like a spur. Gray.
(b) Ergotized rye or other grain. [R.]

11. (Fort.)

Defn: A wall that crosses a part of a rampart and joins to an inner
wall.

12. (Shipbuilding)
(a) A piece of timber fixed on the bilge ways before launching,
having the upper ends bolted to the vessel's side.
(b) A curved piece of timber serving as a half to support the deck
where a whole beam can not be placed. Spur fowl (Zoöl.), any one of
several species of Asiatic gallinaceous birds of the genus
Galloperdix, allied to the jungle fowl. The males have two or more
spurs on each leg.
 -- Spur gear (Mach.), a cogwheel having teeth which project radially
and stand parallel to the axis; a spur wheel.
 -- Spur gearing, gearing in which spur gears are used. See under
Gearing.
 -- Spur pepper. (Bot.) See the Note under Capsicum.
 -- Spur wheel. Same as Spur gear, above.

SPUR
Spur, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spurred; p. pr. & vb. n. Spurring.]

1. To prick with spurs; to incite to a more hasty pace; to urge or
goad; as, to spur a horse.

2. To urge or encourage to action, or to a more vigorous pursuit of
an object; to incite; to stimulate; to instigate; to impel; to drive.
Love will not be spurred to what it loathes. Shak.

3. To put spurs on; as, a spurred boot.

SPUR
Spur, v. i.

Defn: To spur on one' horse; to travel with great expedition; to
hasten; hence, to press forward in any pursuit. "Now spurs the lated
traveler." Shak.
The Parthians shall be there, And, spurring from the fight, confess
their fear. Dryden.
The roads leading to the capital were covered with multitudes of
yeomen, spurring hard to Westminster. Macaulay.
Some bold men, . . . by spurring on, refine themselves. Grew.

SPURGALL
Spur"gall`, n.

Defn: A place galled or excoriated by much using of the spur.

SPURGALL
Spur"gall`, v. t.

Defn: To gall or wound with a spur.

SPURGE
Spurge, v. t. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: To emit foam; to froth; -- said of the emission of yeast from
beer in course of fermentation. [Obs.] W. Cartright.

SPURGE
Spurge, n. Etym: [OF. espurge, F. épurge, from OF. espurgier to
purge, L. expurgare. See Expurgate, Purge.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Euphobia. See Euphorbia. Spurge flax, an
evergreen shrub (Daphne Gnidium) with crowded narrow leaves. It is
native of Southern Europe.
 -- Spurge laurel, a European shrub (Daphne Laureola) with oblong
evergreen leaves.
 -- Spurge nettle. See under Nettle.
 -- Spurge olive, an evergreen shrub (Daphne oleoides) found in the
Mediterranean region.

SPURGEWORT
Spurge"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any euphorbiaceous plant. Lindley.

SPURGING
Spur"ging, n. Etym: [See 2d Spurge.]

Defn: A purging. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SPURIOUS
Spu"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. spurius.]

1. Not proceeding from the true source, or from the source pretended;
not genuine; false; adulterate.

2. Not legitimate; bastard; as, spurious issue. "Her spurious
firstborn." Milton. Spurious primary, or Spurious quill (Zoöl.), the
first, or outer, primary quill when rudimentary or much reduced in
size, as in certain singing birds.
 -- Spurious wing (Zoöl.), the bastard wing, or alula.

Syn.
 -- Counterfeit; false; adulterate; supposititious; fictitious;
bastard.
 -- Spu"ri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Spu"ri*ous*ness, n.

SPURLESS
Spur"less, a.

Defn: Having no spurs.

SPURLING
Spur"ling, n. Etym: [See Sparling.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tern. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser.

SPURLING-LINE
Spur"ling-line`, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. spurling the rut of a wheel,
a cart rut, AS. spor a track, trace, E. spoor. Scot. spurl to
sprawl.] (Naut.)

Defn: The line which forms the communication between the steering
wheel and the telltale.

SPURN
Spurn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spurned; p. pr. & vb. n. Spurning.] Etym:
[OE. spurnen to kick against, to stumble over, AS. spurnan to kick,
offend; akin to spura spur, OS. & OHG. spurnan to kick, Icel. spyrna,
L. spernere to despise, Skr. sphur to jerk, to push. sq. root171. See
Spur.]

1. To drive back or away, as with the foot; to kick.
[The bird] with his foot will spurn adown his cup. Chaucer.
I spurn thee like a cur out of my way. Shak.

2. To reject with disdain; to scorn to receive or accept; to treat
with contempt.
What safe and nicely I might well delay By rule of knighthood, I
disdain and spurn. Shak.
Domestics will pay a more cheerful service when they find themselves
not spurned because fortune has laid them at their master's feet.
Locke.

SPURN
Spurn, v. i.

1. To kick or toss up the heels.
The miller spurned at a stone. Chaucer.
The drunken chairman in the kennel spurns. Gay.

2. To manifest disdain in rejecting anything; to make contemptuous
opposition or resistance.
Nay, more, to spurn at your most royal image. Shak.

SPURN
Spurn, n.

1. A kick; a blow with the foot. [R.]
What defence can properly be used in such a despicable encounter as
this but either the slap or the spurn Milton.

2. Disdainful rejection; contemptuous tratment.
The insolence of office and the spurns That patient merit of the
unworthy takes. Shak.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A body of coal left to sustain an overhanding mass.

SPURNER
Spurn"er, n.

Defn: One who spurns.

SPURN-WATER
Spurn"-wa`ter, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A channel at the end of a deck to restrain the water.

SPURRED
Spurred, a.

1. Wearing spurs; furnished with a spur or spurs; having shoots like
spurs.

2. Affected with spur, or ergot; as, spurred rye. Spurred corolla
(Bot.), a corolla in which there are one or more petals with a spur.

SPURRER
Spur"rer, n.

Defn: One who spurs.

SPURREY
Spur"rey, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Spurry.

SPURRIER
Spur"ri*er, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to make spurs. B. Jonson. "The saddlers
and spurriers would be ruined by thousands." Macaulay.

SPUR-ROYAL
Spur"-roy`al, n.

Defn: A gold coin, first made in the reign of Edward IV., having a
star on the reverse resembling the rowel of a spur. In the reigns of
Elizabeth and of James I., its value was fifteen shillings. [Written
also spur-rial, and spur-ryal.]

SPURRY
Spur"ry, n. Etym: [D. or OF. spurrie; cf. G. spergel, NL. spergula.]
(Bot.)

Defn: An annual herb (Spergula arvensis) with whorled filiform
leaves, sometimes grown in Europe for fodder. [Written also spurrey.]
Sand spurry (Bot.), any low herb of the genus Lepigonum, mostly found
in sandy places.

SPUR-SHELL
Spur"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of handsome gastropod shells of the
genus Trochus, or Imperator. The shell is conical, with the margin
toothed somewhat like the rowel of a spur.

SPURT
Spurt, v. i. Etym: [Written also spirt, and originally the same word
as sprit; OE. sprutten to sprout, AS. spryttan. See Sprit, v. i.,
Sprout, v. i.]

Defn: To gush or issue suddenly or violently out in a stream, as
liquor from a cask; to rush from a confined place in a small stream
or jet; to spirt.
Thus the small jet, which hasty hands unlock, Spurts in the
gardener's eyes who turns the cock. Pope.

SPURT
Spurt, v. t.

Defn: To throw out, as a liquid, in a stream or jet; to drive or
force out with violence, as a liquid from a pipe or small orifice;
as, to spurt water from the mouth.

SPURT
Spurt, n.

1. A sudden or violent ejection or gushing of a liquid, as of water
from a tube, orifice, or other confined place, or of blood from a
wound; a jet; a spirt.

2. A shoot; a bud. [Obs.] Holland.

3. Fig.: A sudden outbreak; as, a spurt of jealousy. Spurt grass
(Bot.), a rush fit for basket work. Dr. Prior.

SPURT
Spurt, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. sprette a spurt, spring, run, spretta to
sprit, spring.]

Defn: A sudden and energetic effort, as in an emergency; an increased
exertion for a brief space.
The long, steady sweep of the so-called "paddle" tried him almost as
much as the breathless strain of the spurt. T. Hughes.

SPURT
Spurt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Spurted; p. pr. & vb. n. Spurting.]

Defn: To make a sudden and violent exertion, as in an emergency.

SPURTLE
Spur"tle, v. t. Etym: [Freq. of spurt.]

Defn: To spurt or shoot in a scattering manner. [Obs.] Drayton.

SPURWAY
Spur"way`, n. Etym: [Prov. E. spoor a track, trace (AS. spor) + way.]

Defn: A bridle path. [R.]

SPUR-WINGED
Spur"-winged`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having one or more spurs on the bend of the wings. Spur-winged
goose (Zoöl.), any one of several species of long-legged African
geese of the genus Plectropterus and allied genera, having a strong
spur on the bend of the wing, as the Gambo goose (P. Gambensis) and
the Egyptian, or Nile, goose (Alopochen Ægyptiaca).
 -- Spur-winged plover (Zoöl.), an Old World plover (Hoplopterus
spinosus) having a sharp spur on the bend of the wing. It inhabits
Northern Africa and the adjacent parts of Asia and Europe.

SPUT
Sput, n. (Steam Boiler)

Defn: An annular reënforce, to strengthen a place where a hole is
made.

SPUTATION
Spu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. sputare to spit, v. intens. fr. spuere to
spit: cf. F. sputation.]

Defn: The act of spitting; expectoration. Harvey.

SPUTATIVE
Spu"ta*tive, a.

Defn: Inclined to spit; spitting much. Sir H. Wotton.

SPUTE
Spute, v. t. Etym: [Abbrev. from dispute.]

Defn: To dispute; to discuss. [Obs.] Wyclif.

SPUTTER
Sput"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sputtered; p. pr. & vb. n. Sputtering.]
Etym: [From the root of spout or spit to eject from the mputh. Cf.
Splutter.]

1. To spit, or to emit saliva from the mouth in small, scattered
portions, as in rapid speaking.

2. To utter words hastily and indistinctly; to speak so rapidly as to
emit saliva.
They could neither of them speak their rage, and so fell a sputtering
at one another, like two roasting apples. Congreve.

3. To throw out anything, as little jets of steam, with a noise like
that made by one sputtering.
Like the green wood . . . sputtering in the flame. Dryden.

SPUTTER
Sput"ter, v. t.

Defn: To spit out hastily by quick, successive efforts, with a
spluttering sound; to utter hastily and confusedly, without control
over the organs of speech.
In the midst of caresses, and without the last pretend incitement, to
sputter out the basest accusations. Swift.

SPUTTER
Sput"ter, n.

Defn: Moist matter thrown out in small detached particles; also,
confused and hasty speech.

SPUTTERER
Sput"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who sputters.

SPUTUM
Spu"tum, n.; pl. Sputa. Etym: [L., from spuere, sputum, to spit.]

Defn: That which is expectorated; a salival discharge; spittle;
saliva.

SPY
Spy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spied; p. pr. & vb. n. Spying.] Etym: [OE.
spien, espien, OF. espier, F. épier, OHG. speh, G. spähen; akin to L.
specere to see, Skr. spa(Espy, v.t., Aspect, Auspice, Circumspect,
Conspicuouc, Despise, Frontispiece, Inspect, Prospect, Respite,
Scope, Scecimen, Spectacle, Specter, Speculate, Spice, Spite,
Suspicion.]

Defn: To gain sight of; to discover at a distance, or in a state of
concealment; to espy; to see.
One in reading, skipped over all sentences where he spied a note of
admiration. Swift.

2. To discover by close search or examination.
Look about with yout eyes; spy what things are to be reformed in the
church of England. Latimer.

3. To explore; to view; inspect; and examine secretly, as a country;
-- usually with out.
Moses sent to spy Jaazer, and they took the villages thereof. Num.
xxi. 32.

SPY
Spy, v. i.

Defn: To search narrowly; to scrutinize.
It is my nature's plague To spy into abuses. Shak.

SPY
Spy, n.; pl. Spies. Etym: [See Spy, v., and cf. Espy, n.]

1. One who keeps a constant watch of the conduct of others. "These
wretched spies of wit." Dryden.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A person sent secretly into an enemy's camp, territory, or
fortifications, to inspect his works, ascertain his strength,
movements, or designs, and to communicate such intelligence to the
proper officer. Spy money, money paid to a spy; the reward for
private or secret intelligence regarding the enemy.
 -- Spy Wednesday (Eccl.), the Wednesday immediately preceding the
festival of Easter; -- so called in allusion to the betrayal of
Christ by Judas Iscariot.

Syn.
 -- See Emissary, and Scout.

SPYBOAT
Spy"boat`, n.

Defn: A boat sent to make discoveries and bring intelligence.
Arbuthnot.

SPYGLASS
Spy"glass, n.

Defn: A small telescope for viewing distant terrestrial objects.

SPYISM
Spy"ism

Defn: , n. Act or business of spying. [R.]

SPYNACE; SPYNE
Spy"nace, Spyne, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Pinnace, n., 1 (a).

SQUAB
Squab, a. Etym: [Cf. dial. Sw. sqvabb a soft and fat body, sqvabba a
fat woman, Icel. kvap jelly, jellylike things, and and E. quab.]

1. Fat; thick; plump; bulky.
Nor the squab daughter nor the wife were nice. Betterton.

2. Unfledged; unfeathered; as, a squab pigeon. King.

SQUAB
Squab, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A neatling of a pigeon or other similar bird, esp. when very
fat and not fully fledged.

2. A person of a short, fat figure.
Gorgonious sits abdominous and wan, Like a fat squab upon a Chinese
fan. Cowper.

3. A thickly stuffed cushion; especially, one used for the seat of a
sofa, couch, or chair; also, a sofa.
Punching the squab of chairs and sofas. Dickens.
On her large squab you find her spread. Pope.

SQUAB
Squab, adv. Etym: [Cf. dial. Sw. squapp, a word imitative of a
splash, and E. squab fat, unfledged.]

Defn: With a heavy fall; plump. [Vulgar]
The eagle took the tortoise up into the air, and dropped him down,
squab, upon a rock. L'Estrange.

SQUAB
Squab, v. i.

Defn: To fall plump; to strike at one dash, or with a heavy stroke.
[Obs.]

SQUABASH
Squa*bash", v. t.

Defn: To crush; to quash; to squash. [Colloq. or Slang, Scot.] Sir W.
Scott.

SQUABBISH
Squab"bish, a.

Defn: Thick; fat; heavy.

SQUABBLE
Squab"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Squabbled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Squabbling.] Etym: [Cf. dial. Sw. skvabbel a dispute, skvappa to
chide.]

1. To contend for superiority in an unseemly maner; to scuffle; to
struggle; to wrangle; to quarrel.

2. To debate peevishly; to dispute.
The sense of these propositions is very plain, though logicians might
squabble a whole day whether they should rank them under negative or
affirmative. I. Watts.

Syn.
 -- To dispute; contend; scuffle; wrangle; quarrel; struggle.

SQUABBLE
Squab"ble, v. t. (Print.)

Defn: To disarrange, so that the letters or lines stand awry or are
mixed and need careful readjustment; -- said of type that has been
set up.

SQUABBLE
Squab"ble, n.

Defn: A scuffle; a wrangle; a brawl.

SQUABBLER
Squab"bler, n.

Defn: One who squabbles; a contentious person; a brawler.

SQUABBY
Squab"by, a.

Defn: Short and thick; suqabbish.

SQUAB-CHICK
Squab"-chick`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young chicken before it is fully fledged. [Prov. Eng.]

SQUACCO
Squac"co, n.; pl. Squaccos (. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A heron (Ardea comata) found in Asia, Northern Africa, and
Southern Europe.

SQUAD
Squad, n. Etym: [F. escouade, fr. Sp. escuadra, or It. squadra,
(assumed) LL. exquadrare to square; L. ex + quadra a square. See
Square.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A small party of men assembled for drill, inspection, or other
purposes.

2. Hence, any small party.

SQUAD
Squad, n.

Defn: Sloppy mud. [Prov. Eng.] Tennyson.

SQUADRON
Squad"ron, n. Etym: [F. escadron, formerly also esquadron, or It.
squadrone. See Squad.]

1. Primarily, a square; hence, a square body of troops; a body of
troops drawn up in a square. [R.]
Those half-rounding quards Just met, and, closing, stood in squadron
joined. Milton.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A body of cavarly comparising two companies or troops, and
averging from one hundred and twenty to two hundred men.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A detachment of vessels employed on any particular service or
station, under the command of the senior officer; as, the North
Atlantic Squadron. Totten. Flying squadron, a squadron of observation
or practice, that cruises rapidly about from place to place. Ham.
Nav. Encyc.

SQUADRONED
Squad"roned, a.

Defn: Formed into squadrons, or squares. [R.] Milton.

SQUAIL
Squail, v. i.

Defn: To throw sticls at cocks; to throw anything about awkwardly or
irregularly. [Prov. Eng.] Southey.

SQUAIMOUS
Squai"mous, a.

Defn: Squeamish. [Obs.]

SQUALI
Squa"li, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. squalus a kind of sea fish.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The suborder of elasmobranch fishes which comprises the sharks.

SQUALID
Squal"id, a. Etym: [L. squalidus, fr. squalere to be foul or filthy.]

Defn: Dirty through neglect; foul; filthy; extremely dirty.
Uncomed his locks, and squalid his attrie. Dryden.
Those squalid dens, which are the reproach of large capitals.
Macaulay.

SQUALIDITY
Squa*lid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. squaliditas.]

Defn: The quality or state of being squalid; foulness; filthiness.

SQUALIDLY
Squal"id*ly, adv.

Defn: In a squalid manner.

SQUALIDNESS
Squal"id*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being squalid.

SQUALL
Squall, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. sqval an impetuous running of water,
sqvalregn a violent shower of rain, sqala to stream, to gush.]

Defn: A sudden violent gust of wind often attended with rain or snow.
The gray skirts of a lifting squall. Tennyson.
Black squall, a squall attended with dark, heavy clouds.
 -- Thick squall, a black squall accompanied by rain, hail, sleet, or
snow. Totten.
 -- White squall, a squall which comes unexpectedly, without being
marked in its approach by the clouds. Totten.

SQUALL
Squall, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Squalled; p. pr. & vb. n. Squalling.]
Etym: [Icel. skvala. Cf. Squeal.]

Defn: To cry out; to scream or cry violently, as a woman frightened,
or a child in anger or distress; as, the infant squalled.

SQUALL
Squall, n.

Defn: A loud scream; a harsh cry.
There oft are heard the notes of infant woe, -The short, thick sob,
loud scream, and shriller squall. Pope.

SQUALLER
Squall"er, n.

Defn: One who squalls; a screamer.

SQUALLY
Squall"y, a.

1. Abounding with squalls; disturbed often with sudden and violent
gusts of wind; gusty; as, squally weather.

2. (Agric.)

Defn: Interrupted by unproductive spots; -- said of a flied of
turnips or grain. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

3. (Weaving)

Defn: Not equally good throughout; not uniform; uneven; faulty; --
said of cloth.

SQUALODON
Squa"lo*don, n. Etym: [NL. Squalus a genus of sharks + Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of fossil whales belonging to the Phocodontia; -- so
called because their are serrated, like a shark's.

SQUALODONT
Squa"lo*dont, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to Squalodon.

SQUALOID
Squa"loid, a. Etym: [NL. Squalus a genus of sharks (fr. L. squalus a
kind of sea fish) + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to a shark or sharks.

SQUALOR
Squa"lor, n. Etym: [L., fr. squalere to be foul or filthy.]

Defn: Squalidness; foulness; filthness; squalidity.
The heterogenous indigent multitude, everywhere wearing nearly the
same aspect of squalor. Taylor.
To bring this sort of squalor among the upper classes. Dickens.

SQUAM
Squam, n. [From Squam, shortened fr. Annisquam, name of a village on
the coast of Massachusetts.]

Defn: An oilskin hat or southwester; -- a fisherman's name. [U. S.]

SQUAMA
Squa"ma, n.; pl. Squamæ. Etym: [L. a scale.] (Med.)

Defn: A scale cast off from the skin; a thin dry shred consisting of
epithelium.

SQUAMACEOUS
Squa*ma"ceous, a.

Defn: Squamose.

SQUAMATA
Squa*ma"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. squamatus scaly.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of edentates having the body covered with large,
imbricated horny scales. It includes the pangolins.

SQUAMATE; SQUAMATED
Squa"mate, Squa"ma*ted, a. Etym: [L. squamatus.]

Defn: Same as Squamose.

SQUAMDUCK
Squam"duck`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American eider duck. [Local, U.S.]

SQUAME
Squame, n. Etym: [L. squama scale.]

1. A scale. [Obs.] "iron squames." Chaucer.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The scale, or exopodite, of an antenna of a crustacean.

SQUAMELLA
Squa*mel"la, n.; pl. Squamellæ. Etym: [NL., dim. fr. L. squama a
scale.] (Bot.)

Defn: A diminutive scale or bractlet, such as those found on the
receptacle in many composite plants; a palea.

SQUAMELLATE
Squa*mel"late, a.

Defn: Furnished or covered with little scales; squamulose.

SQUAMIFORM
Squa"mi*form, a.Etym: [L. squama a scale + -form.]

Defn: Having the shape of a scale.

SQUAMIGEROUS
Squa*mig"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. squamiger; squama a scale + gerere to
bear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Bearing scales.

SQUAMIPEN
Squam"i*pen ( or ), n. ;pl. Squamipennes. Etym: [L. squama a scale +
penna a fin: cf. F. squamipenne.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of a group of fishes having the dorsal and anal fins
partially covered with scales.

Note: They are compressed and mostly, bright-colored tropical fishes,
belonging to Chætodon and allied genera. Many of them are called
soral fishes, and angel fishes.

SQUAMOID
Squa"moid, a. Etym: [L. squama scale + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling a scale; also, covered with scales; scaly.

SQUAMOSAL
Squa*mo"sal, a. (Anat.)
(a) Scalelike; squamous; as, the squamosal bone.
(b) Of or pertaining to the squamosal bone.
 -- n.

Defn: The squamous part of the temporal bone, or a bone
correspondending to it, under Temporal.

SQUAMOSE; SQUAMOUS
Squa*mose" or, Squa"mous, Etym: [L. squamosus, fr. squama a scale:
cf. F. squameux.]

1. Covered with, or consisting of, scales; resembling a scale; scaly;
as, the squamose cones of the pine; squamous epithelial cells; the
squamous portion of the temporal bone, which is so called from a
fancied resemblance to a scale.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the squamosal bone; squamosal.

SQUAMOZYGOMATIC
Squa`mo*zyg`o*mat"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to both the squamosal and zygomatic bones; --
applied to a bone, or a center of ossification, in some fetal skulls.
 -- n.

Defn: A squamozygomatic bone.

SQUAMULA
Squam"u*la ( or ), n.; pl. Squamulæ. Etym: [L., dim. of squama a
scale.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the little hypogynous scales found in the flowers of
grasses; a lodicule.

SQUAMULATE
Squam"u*late, a.

Defn: Same as Squamulose.

SQUAMULE
Squam"ule, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Squamula.

SQUAMULOSE
Squam"u*lose`, a.

Defn: Having little scales; squamellate; squamulate.

SQUANDER
Squan"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Squandered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Squandering.] Etym: [Cf. Scot. squatter to splash water about, to
scatter, to squander, Prov. E. swatter, Dan. sqvatte, Sw. sqvätta to
squirt, sqvättra to squander, Icel. skvetta to squirt out, to throw
out water.]

1. To scatter; to disperse. [Obs.]
Our squandered troops he rallies. Dryden.

2. To spend lavishly or profusely; to spend prodigally or wastefully;
to use without economy or judgment; to dissipate; as, to squander an
estate.
The crime of squandering health is equal to the folly. Rambler.

Syn.
 -- To spend; expend; waste; scatter; dissipate.

SQUANDER
Squan"der, v. i.

1. To spend lavishly; to be wasteful.
They often squandered, but they never gave. Savage.

2. To wander at random; to scatter. [R.]
The wise man's folly is anatomized Even by squandering glances of the
fool. Shak.

SQUANDER
Squan"der, n.

Defn: The act of squandering; waste.

SQUANDERER
Squan"der*er, n.

Defn: One who squanders.

SQUANDERINGLY
Squan"der*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a squandering manner.

SQUARE
Square, n. Etym: [OF. esquarre, esquierre, F. équerre a carpenter's
square (cf. It. squadra), fr. (assumed) LL. exquadrare to make
square; L. ex + quadrus a square, fr. quattuor four. See Four, and
cf. Quadrant, Squad, Squer a square.]

1. (Geom.)
(a) The corner, or angle, of a figure. [Obs.]
(b) A parallelogram having four equal sides and four right angles.

2. Hence, anything which is square, or nearly so; as:
(a) A square piece or fragment.
He bolted his food down his capacious throat in squares of three
inches. Sir W. Scott.

(b) A pane of glass.
(c) (Print.) A certain number of lines, forming a portion of a
column, nearly square; -- used chiefly in reckoning the prices of
advertisements in newspapers.
(d) (Carp.) One hundred superficial feet.

3. An area of four sides, generally with houses on each side;
sometimes, a solid block of houses; also, an open place or area for
public use, as at the meeting or intersection of two or more streets.
The statue of Alexander VII. stands in the large square of the town.
Addison.

4. (Mech. & Joinery)

Defn: An instrument having at least one right angle and two or more
straight edges, used to lay out or test square work. It is of several
forms, as the T square, the carpenter's square, the try-square., etc.

5. Hence, a pattern or rule. [Obs.]

6. (Arith. & Alg.)

Defn: The product of a number or quantity multiplied by itself; thus,
64 is the square of 8, for 8 × 8 = 64; the square of a + b is a2 +
2ab + b2.

7. Exact proportion; justness of workmanship and conduct; regularity;
rule. [Obs.]
They of Galatia [were] much more out of square. Hooker.
I have not kept my square. Shak.

8. (Mil.)

Defn: A body of troops formed in a square, esp. one formed to resist
a charge of cavalry; a squadron. "The brave squares of war." Shak.

9. Fig.: The relation of harmony, or exact agreement; equality;
level.
We live not on the square with such as these. Dryden.

10. (Astrol.)

Defn: The position of planets distant ninety degrees from each other;
a quadrate. [Obs.]

11. The act of squaring, or quarreling; a quarrel. [R.]

12. The front of a woman's dress over the bosom, usually worked or
embroidered. [Obs.] Shak. Geometrical square. See Quadrat, n., 2.
 -- Hollow square (Mil.), a formation of troops in the shape of a
square, each side consisting of four or five ranks, and the colors,
officers, horses, etc., occupying the middle.
 -- Least square, Magic square, etc. See under Least, Magic, etc.
 -- On the square, or Upon the square, in an open, fair manner;
honestly, or upon honor. [Obs. or Colloq.] -- On, or Upon, the square
with, upon equality with; even with. Nares.
 -- To be all squares, to be all settled. [Colloq.] Dickens.
 -- To be at square, to be in a state of quarreling. [Obs.] Nares.
 -- To break no square, to give no offense; to make no difference.
[Obs.] -- To break squares, to depart from an accustomed order. To
see how the squares go, to see how the game proceeds; -- a phrase
taken from the game of chess, the chessboard being formed with
squares. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

SQUARE
Square, a.

1. (Geom.)

Defn: Having four equal sides and four right angles; as, a square
figure.

2. Forming a right angle; as, a square corner.

3. Having a shape broad for the height, with rectilineal and angular
rather than curving outlines; as, a man of a square frame.

4. Exactly suitable or correspondent; true; just.
She's a most truimphant lady, if report be square to her. Shak.

5. Rendering equal justice; exact; fair; honest, as square dealing.

6. Even; leaving no balance; as, to make or leave the accounts
square.

7. Leaving nothing; hearty; vigorous.
By Heaven, square eaters. More meat, I say. Beau. & Fl.

8. (Naut.)

Defn: At right angles with the mast or the keel, and parallel to the
horizon; -- said of the yards of a square-rigged vessel when they are
so braced.

Note: Square is often used in self-explaining compounds or
combination, as in square-built, square-cornered, square-cut, square-
nosed, etc. Square foot, an area equal to that of a square the sides
of which are twelwe inches; 144 square inches.
 -- Square knot, a knot in which the terminal and standing parts are
parallel to each other; a reef knot. See Illust. under Knot.
 -- Square measure, the measure of a superficies or surface which
depends on the length and breadth taken conjointly. The units of
square measure are squares whose sides are the linear measures; as,
square inches, square feet, square meters, etc.
 -- Square number. See square, n., 6.
 -- Square root of a number or quantity (Math.), that number or
quantity which, multiplied by itself produces the given number or
quantity.
 -- Square sail (Naut.), a four-sided sail extended upon a yard
suspended by the middle; sometimes, the foresail of a schooner set
upon a yard; also, a cutter's or sloop's sail boomed out. See Illust
of Sail.
 -- Square stern (Naut.), a stern having a transom and joining the
counter timbers at an angle, as distinguished from a round stern,
which has no transom.
 -- Three-square, Five-square, etc., having three, five, etc., equal
sides; as, a three-square file.
 -- To get square with, to get even with; to pay off. [Colloq.]

SQUARE
Square, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Squared; p. pr. & vb. n. Squaring.] Etym:
[Cf. OF. escarrer, esquarrer. See Square, n.]

1. To form with four sides and four right angles. Spenser.

2. To form with right angles and straight lines, or flat surfaces;
as, to square mason's work.

3. To compare with, or reduce to, any given measure or standard.
Shak.

4. To adjust; to regulate; to mold; to shape; to fit; as, to square
our actions by the opinions of others.
Square my trial To my proportioned strength. Milton.

5. To make even, so as leave no remainder of difference; to balance;
as, to square accounts.

6. (Math.)

Defn: To multiply by itself; as, to square a number or a quantity.

7. (Astrol.)

Defn: To hold a quartile position respecting.
The icy Goat and Crab that square the Scales. Creech.

8. (Naut.)

Defn: To place at right angles with the keel; as, to square the
yards. To square one's shoulders, to raise the shoulders so as to
give them a square appearance, -- a movement expressing contempt or
dislike. Sir W. Scott.
 -- To square the circle (Math.), to determine the exact contents of
a circle in square measure. The solution of this famous problem is
now generally admitted to be impossible.

SQUARE
Square, v. i.

1. To accord or agree exactly; to be consistent with; to conform or
agree; to suit; to fit.
No works shall find acceptamce . . . That square not truly with the
Scripture plan. Cowper.

2. To go to opposite sides; to take an attitude of offense or
defense, or of defiance; to quarrel. [Obs.]
Are you such fools To square for this Shak.

3. To take a boxing attitude; -- often with up, sometimes with off.
[Colloq.] Dickens.

SQUARELY
Square"ly, adv.

Defn: In a square form or manner.

SQUARENESS
Square"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being square; as, an instrument to try the
squareness of work.

SQUARER
Squar"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, squares.

2. One who squares, or quarrels; a hot-headed, contentious fellow.
[Obs.] Shak.

SQUARE-RIGGED
Square"-rigged` (skwâr"rîgd`), a. (Naut.)

Defn: Having the sails extended upon yards suspended horizontally by
the middle, as distinguished from fore-and-aft sails; thus, a ship
and a brig are square-rigged vessels.

SQUARE-TOED
Square"-toed` (-tod`), n.

Defn: Having the toe square.
Obsolete as fardingales, ruffs, and square-toed shoes. V. Knox.

SQUARE-TOES
Square"-toes`, n.

Defn: A precise person; -- used contemptuously or jocularly.
Thackeray.

SQUARISH
Squar"ish, a.

Defn: Nearly square. Pennant.

SQUARROSE
Squar*rose" ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [L. squarrosus (perhaps) scurfy,
scabby.]

Defn: Ragged or full of lose scales or projecting parts; rough;
jagged; as:
(a) (Bot. & Zoöl.) Consisting of scales widely divaricating; having
scales, small leaves, or other bodies, spreading widely from the axis
on which they are crowded; -- said of a calyx or stem. (b) (Bot.)

Defn: Divided into shreds or jags, raised above the plane of the
leaf, and not parallel to it; said of a leaf.
(c) (Zoöl.) Having scales spreading every way, or standing upright,
or at right angles to the surface; -- said of a shell. Squarrose-
slashed (Bot.), doubly slashed, with the smaller divisions at right
angles to the others, as a leaf. Landley.

SQUARROSO-DENTATE
Squar*ro`so-den"tate, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the teeth bent out of the plane of the lamina; -- said
of a leaf.

SQUARROUS
Squar"rous ( or ), a.

Defn: Squarrose.

SQUARRULOSE
Squar"ru*lose`, a. Etym: [Dim. of squarrose.] (Bot.)

Defn: Somewhat squarrose; slightly squarrose. Gray.

SQUASH
Squash, n. Etym: [Cf. Musquash.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American animal allied to the weasel. [Obs.] Goldsmith.

SQUASH
Squash, n. Etym: [Massachusetts Indian asq, pl. asquash, raw, green,
immaturate, applied to fruit and vegetables which were used when
green, or without cooking; askutasquash vine apple.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant and its fruit of the genus Cucurbita, or gourd kind.

Note: The species are much confused. The long-neck squash is called
Cucurbita verrucosa, the Barbary or China squash, C. moschata, and
the great winter squash, C. maxima, but the distinctions are not
clear. Squash beetle (Zoöl.), a small American beetle (Diabrotica, or
Galeruca vittata) which is often abundant and very injurious to the
leaves of squash, cucumber, etc. It is striped with yellow and black.
The name is applied also to other allied species.
 -- Squash bug (Zoöl.), a large black American hemipterous insect
(Coreus, or Anasa, tristis) injurious to squash vines.

SQUASH
Squash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Squashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Squashing.]
Etym: [OE. squashen, OF. escachier, esquachier, to squash, to crush,
F. écacher, perhaps from (assumed) LL. excoacticare, fr. L. ex +
coactare to constrain, from cogere, coactum, to compel. Cf. Cogent,
Squat, v. i.]

Defn: To beat or press into pulp or a flat mass; to crush.

SQUASH
Squash, n.

1. Something soft and easily crushed; especially, an unripe pod of
pease.
Not yet old enough for a man, nor young enough for a boy; as a squash
is before 't is a peascod. Shak.

2. Hence, something unripe or soft; -- used in contempt. "This
squash, this gentleman." Shak.

3. A sudden fall of a heavy, soft body; also, a shock of soft bodies.
Arbuthnot.
My fall was stopped by a terrible squash. Swift.

SQUASHER
Squash"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, squashes.

SQUASHINESS
Squash"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being squashy, or soft.

SQUASHY
Squash"y, a.

Defn: Easily squashed; soft.

SQUAT
Squat, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The angel fish (Squatina angelus

SQUAT
Squat, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Squatted; p. pr. & vb. n. Squatting.]
Etym: [OE. squatten to crush, OF. esquater, esquatir (cf. It. quatto
squat, cowering), perhaps fr. L. ex + coactus, p. p. cogere to drive
or urge together. See Cogent, Squash, v. t.]

1. To sit down upon the hams or heels; as, the savages squatted near
the fire.

2. To sit close to the ground; to cower; to stoop, or lie close, to
escape observation, as a partridge or rabbit.

3. To settle on another's land without title; also, to settle on
common or public lands.

SQUAT
Squat, v. t.

Defn: To bruise or make flat by a fall. [Obs.]

SQUAT
Squat, a.

1. Sitting on the hams or heels; sitting close to the ground;
cowering; crouching.
Him there they found, Squat like a toad, close at the ear of Eve.
Milton.

2. Short and thick, like the figure of an animal squatting. "The
round, squat turret." R. Browning.
The head [of the squill insect] is broad and squat. Grew.

SQUAT
Squat, n.

1. The posture of one that sits on his heels or hams, or close to the
ground.

2. A sudden or crushing fall. [Obs.] erbert.

3. (Mining)
(a) A small vein of ore.
(b) A mineral consisting of tin ore and spar. Halliwell. Woodward.
Squat snipe (Zoöl.), the jacksnipe; -- called also squatter. [Local,
U.S.]

SQUATEROLE
Squat"er*ole, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The black-bellied plover.

SQUATTER
Squat"ter, n.

1. One who squats; specifically, one who settles unlawfully upon land
without a title. In the United States and Australia the term is
sometimes applied also to a person who settles lawfully upon
government land under permission and restrictions, before acquiring
title.
In such a tract, squatters and trespassers were tolerated to an
extent now unknown. Macaulay.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Squat snipe, under Squat. Squatter sovereignty, the right
claimed by the squatters, or actual residents, of a Territory of the
United States to make their own laws. [Local, U.S.] Bartlett.

SQUATTY
Squat"ty, a.

Defn: Squat; dumpy. J. Burroughs.

SQUAW
Squaw, n. Etym: [Massachusetts Indian squa, eshqua; Narragansett
squâws; Delaware ochqueu, and khqueu; used also in compound words (as
the names of animals) in the sense of female.]

Defn: A female; a woman; -- in the language of Indian tribes of the
Algonquin family, correlative of sannup. Old squaw. (Zoöl.) See under
Old.

SQUAWBERRY
Squaw"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A local name for the partridge berry; also, for the deerberry.
[U. S.]

SQUAWK
Squawk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Squawked; p. pr. & vb. n. Squawking.]
Etym: [See Squeak.]

Defn: To utter a shrill, abrupt scream; to squeak harshly. Squawking
thrush (Zoöl.), the missel turush; -- so called from its note when
alarmed. [Prov. Eng.]

SQUAWK
Squawk, n.

1. Act of squawking; a harsh squeak.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American night heron. See under Night. Squawk duck (Zoöl.),
the bimaculate duck (Anas glocitans). It has patches of reddish brown
behind, and in front of, each eye. [Prov. Eng.]

SQUAWL
Squawl, v. i.

Defn: See Squall.

SQUAW MAN
Squaw man.

Defn: A white man who has married an Indian squaw; sometimes, one who
has gained tribal rights by such a marriage; -- often a term of
contempt. [Western U. S.]

SQUAWROOT
Squaw"root`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A scaly parasitic plant (Conopholis Americana) found in oak
woods in the United States; -- called also cancer root.

SQUAW VINE
Squaw vine. (Bot.)

Defn: The partridge berry (Mitchella repens).

SQUAWWEED
Squaw"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The golden ragwort. See under Ragwort.

SQUEAK
Squeak, v. i. [imp.& p. p. Squaked; p. pr. & vb. n. Squeaking.] Etym:
[Probably of imitative origin; cf. Sw. sqväka to croak, Icel. skvakka
to give a sound as of water shaken in a bottle.]

1. To utter a sharp, shrill cry, usually of short duration; to cry
with an acute tone, as an animal; or, to make a sharp, disagreeable
noise, as a pipe or quill, a wagon wheel, a door; to creak.
Who can endure to hear one of the rough old Romans squeaking through
the mouth of an eunuch Addison.
Zoilus calls the companions of Ulysses the "squeaking pigs" of Homer.
Pope.

2. To break silence or secrecy for fear of pain or punishment; to
speak; to confess. [Colloq.]
If he be obstinate, put a civil question to him upon the rack, and he
squeaks, I warrant him. Dryden.

SQUEAK
Squeak, n.

Defn: A sharp, shrill, disagreeable sound suddenly utered, either of
the human voice or of any animal or instrument, such as is made by
carriage wheels when dry, by the soles of leather shoes, or by a pipe
or reed.

SQUEAKER
Squeak"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, squeaks.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Australian gray crow shrile (Strepera anaphonesis); -- so
called from its note.

SQUEAKINGLY
Squeak"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a squeaking manner.

SQUEAL
Squeal, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Squealed; p. pr. & vb. n. Squealing.]
Etym: [Of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. sqväla, Norw. skvella. Cf. Squeak,
Squall.]

1. To cry with a sharp, shrill, prolonged sound, as certain animals
do, indicating want, displeasure, or pain.

2. To turn informer; to betray a secret. [Slang]

SQUEAL
Squeal, n.

Defn: A shrill, somewhat prolonged cry.

SQUEALER
Squeal"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, squeals.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The European swift.
(b) The harlequin duck.
(c) The American golden plover.

SQUEAMISH
Squeam"ish, a. Etym: [OE. squaimous, sweymous, probably from OE.
sweem, swem, dizziness, a swimming in the head; cf. Icel. svemr a
bustle, a stir, Norw. sveim a hovering about, a sickness that comes
upon one, Icel. svimi a giddiness, AS. swimi. The word has been
perhaps confused witrh qualmish. Cf. Swim to be dizzy.]

Defn: Having a stomach that is easily or nauseated; hence, nice to
excess in taste; fastidious; easily disgusted; apt to be offended at
trifling improprieties.
Quoth he, that honor's very squeamish That takes a basting for a
blemish. Hudibras.
His muse is rustic, and perhaps too plain The men of squeamish taste
to entertain. Southern.
So ye grow squeamish, Gods, and sniff at heaven. M. Arnold.

Syn.
 -- Fastidious; dainty; overnice; scrupulous. See Fastidious.
 -- Squeam"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Squeam"ish*ness, n.

SQUEAMOUS
Squeam"ous, a.

Defn: Squeamish. [Obs.]

SQUEASINESS
Squea"si*ness, n.

Defn: Queasiness. [Obs.]

SQUEASY
Squea"sy, a.

Defn: Queasy; nice; squeamish; fastidious; scrupulous. [Obs.] Bp.
Earle.

SQUEEGEE
Squee"gee, n.

Defn: Same as Squilgee.

SQUEEGEE ROLLER
Squeegee roller.

Defn: A small India-rubber roller with a handle, used esp. in
printing and photography as a squeegee.

SQUEEZE
Squeeze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Squeezed; p. pr. & vb. n. Squeezing.]
Etym: [OE. queisen, AS. cwesan, cwysan, cwisan, of uncertain origin.
The s- was probably prefixed through the influence of squash, v.t.]

1. To press between two bodies; to press together closely; to
compress; often, to compress so as to expel juice, moisture, etc.;
as, to squeeze an orange with the fingers; to squeeze the hand in
friendship.

2. Fig.: To oppress with hardships, burdens, or taxes; to harass; to
crush.
In a civil war, people must expect to be crushed and squeezed toward
the burden. L'Estrange.

3. To force, or cause to pass, by compression; often with out,
through, etc.; as, to squeeze water through felt.

Syn.
 -- To compress; hug; pinch; gripe; crowd.

SQUEEZE
Squeeze, v. i.

Defn: To press; to urge one's way, or to pass, by pressing; to crowd;
-- often with through, into, etc.; as, to squeeze hard to get through
a crowd.

SQUEEZE
Squeeze, n.

1. The act of one who squeezes; compression between bodies; pressure.

2. A facsimile impression taken in some soft substance, as pulp, from
an inscription on stone.

SQUEEZER
Squeez"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, squeezes; as, a lemon squeezer.

2. (Forging)
(a) A machine like a large pair of pliers, for shingling, or
squeezing, the balls of metal when puddled; -- used only in the
plural.
(b) A machine of several forms for the same purpose; -- used in the
singular.

SQUEEZING
Squeez"ing, n.

1. The act of pressing; compression; oppression.

2. pl.

Defn: That which is forced out by pressure; dregs.

3. Same as Squeeze, n., 2.

SQUELCH
Squelch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Squelched; p. pr. & vb. n. Squelching.]
Etym: [Cf. prov. E. quelch a blow, and quel to crush, to kill.]

Defn: To quell; to crush; to silence or put down. [Colloq.]
Oh 't was your luck and mine to be squelched. Beau. & Fl.
If you deceive us you will be squelched. Carlyle.

SQUELCH
Squelch, n.

Defn: A heavy fall, as of something flat; hence, also, a crushing
reply. [Colloq.] Hudibras.

SQUETEAGUE
Sque*teague" (skwe*teg"), n. Etym: [from the North American Indian
name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American sciænoid fish (Cynoscion regalis), abundant on the
Atlantic coast of the United States, and much valued as a food fish.
It is of a bright silvery color, with iridescent reflections. Called
also weakfish, squitee, chickwit, and sea trout. The spotted
squeteague (C. nebulosus) of the Southern United States is a similar
fish, but the back and upper fins are spotted with black. It is
called also spotted weakfish, and, locally, sea trout, and sea
salmon.

SQUIB
Squib, n. Etym: [OE. squippen, swippen, to move swiftky, Icel. svipa
to swoop, flash, dart, whip; akin to AS. swipian to whip, and E.
swift, a. See Swift, a.]

1. A little pipe, or hollow cylinder of paper, filled with powder or
combustible matter, to be thrown into the air while burning, so as to
burst there with a crack.
Lampoons, like squibs, may make a present blaze. Waller.
The making and selling of fireworks, and squibs . . . is punishable.
Blackstone.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A kind of slow match or safety fuse.

3. A sarcastic speech or publication; a petty lampoon; a brief, witty
essay.
Who copied his squibs, and reëchoed his jokes. Goldsmith.

4. A writer of lampoons. [Obs.]
The squibs are those who in the common phrase of the world are called
libelers, lampooners, and pamphleteers. Tatler.

5. A paltry fellow. [Obs.] Spenser.

SQUIB
Squib, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Squibbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Squibbing.]

Defn: To throw squibs; to utter sarcatic or severe reflections; to
contend in petty dispute; as, to squib a little debate. [Colloq.]

SQUID
Squid, n. Etym: [Cf. Squirt.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of ten-armed cephalopods having a
long, tapered body, and a caudal fin on each side; especially, any
species of Loligo, Ommastrephes, and related genera. See Calamary,
Decacerata, Dibranchiata.

Note: Some of these squids are very abundant on the Atlantic coast of
North America, and are used in large quantities for bait, especially
in the cod fishery. The most abundant of the American squids are the
northern squid (Ommastrephes illecebrosus), ranging from Southern New
England to Newfoundland, and the southern squid (Loligo Pealii),
ranging from Virginia to Massachusetts.

2. A fishhook with a piece of bright lead, bone, or other substance,
fastened on its shank to imitate a squid. Flying squid, Giant squid.
(Zoöl.) See under Flying, and Giant.
 -- Squid hound (Zoöl.), the striped bass.

SQUIER
Squier, n.

Defn: A square. See 1st Squire. [Obs.]
Not the worst of the three but jumps twelve foot and a half by the
squier. Shak.

SQUIERIE; SQUIERY
Squi"er*ie, Squi"er*y, (, n. Etym: [OF. escuiere. See Esquire.]

Defn: A company of squires; the whole body of squires.

Note: This word is found in Tyrwhitt's Chaucer, but is not in the
modern editions.

SQUIFFY
Squif"fy, a.

Defn: Somewhat intoxicated; tipsy. [Slang]  Kipling.

SQUIGGLE
Squig"gle, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. swiggle to drink greedily, to
shake liquor in a close vessel, and E. sqig.]

Defn: To shake and wash a fluid about in the mouth with the lips
closed. [Prov. Eng.] Forby.

SQUIGGLE
Squig"gle, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Squirm, Wiggle.]

Defn: To move about like an eel; to squirm. [Low, U.S.] Bartlett.

SQUILGEE
Squil"gee, n.

Defn: Formerly, a small swab for drying a vessel's deck; now, a kind
of scraper having a blade or edge of rubber or of leather, -- used
for removing superfluous, water or other liquids, as from a vessel's
deck after washing, from window panes, photographer's plates, etc.
[Written also squillgee, squillagee, squeegee.]

SQUILL
Squill, n. Etym: [F. squille (also scille a squill, in sense 1), L.
squilla, scilla, Gr.

1. (Bot.)
(a) A European bulbous liliaceous plant (Urginea, formerly Scilla,
maritima), of acrid, expectorant, diuretic, and emetic properties
used in medicine. Called also sea onion.
(b) Any bulbous plant of the genus Scilla; as, the bluebell squill
(S. mutans).

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A squilla.
(b) A mantis.

SQUILLA
Squil"la, n.; pl. E. Squillas, L. Squillæ. Etym: [L., a sea onion,
also, a prawn or shrimp. See Squill.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous stomapod crustaceans of the genus Squilla
and allied genera. They make burrows in mud or beneath stones on the
seashore. Called also mantis shrimp. See Illust. under Stomapoda.

SQUILLITIC
Squill*it"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to squills. [R.] "Squillitic vinegar."
Holland.

SQUINANCE; SQUINANCY
Squin"ance, Squin"an*cy, n. Etym: [F. esquinancie, OF. squinance,
esquinance. See Quinsy.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: The quinsy. See Quinsy. [Obs.]

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A European perennial herb (Asperula cynanchica) with narrowly
linear whorled leaves; -- formerly thought to cure the quinsy. Also
called quincewort. Squinancy berries, black currants; -- so called
because used to cure the quinsy. Dr. Prior.

SQUINCH
Squinch, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. sconce.] (Arch.)

Defn: A small arch thrown across the corner of a square room to
support a superimposed mass, as where an octagonal spire or drum
rests upon a square tower; -- called also sconce, and sconcheon.

SQUINSY
Squin"sy, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Quinsy. [Obs.]

SQUINT
Squint, a. Etym: [Cf. D. schuinte a slope, schuin, schuinisch,
sloping, oblique, schuins slopingly. Cf. Askant, Askance, Asquint.]

1. Looking obliquely. Specifically (Med.), not having the optic axes
coincident; -- said of the eyes. See Squint, n., 2.

2. Fig.: Looking askance. "Squint suspicion." Milton.

SQUINT
Squint, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Squinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Squinting.]

1. To see or look obliquely, asquint, or awry, or with a furtive
glance.
Some can squint when they will. Bacon.

2. (Med.)

Defn: To have the axes of the eyes not coincident; -- to be cross-
eyed.

3. To deviate from a true line; to run obliquely.

SQUINT
Squint, v. t.

1. To turn to an oblique position; to direct obliquely; as, to squint
an eye.

2. To cause to look with noncoincident optic axes.
He . . . squints the eye, and makes the harelid. Shak.

SQUINT
Squint, n.

1. The act or habit of squinting.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A want of coincidence of the axes of the eyes; strabismus.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Hagioscope.

SQUINTER
Squint"er, n.

Defn: One who squints.

SQUINT-EYE
Squint"-eye`, n.

Defn: An eye that squints. Spenser.

SQUINT-EYED
Squint"-eyed`, a.

1. Having eyes that quint; having eyes with axes not coincident;
cross-eyed.

2. Looking obliquely, or asquint; malignant; as, squint-eyed praise;
squint-eyed jealousy.

SQUINTIFEGO
Squint`i*fe"go, a.

Defn: Squinting. [Obs. & R.]

SQUINTING
Squint"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Squint, v.
 -- Squint"ing*ly, adv.

SQUINY
Squin"y, v. i.

Defn: To squint. [Obs.] Shak.

SQUINZEY
Squin"zey, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Quinsy. [Obs.]

SQUIR; SQUIRR
Squir, v. t.

Defn: To throw with a jerk; to throw edge foremost. [Obs.] [Written
also squirr.] Addison.

SQUIRALTY
Squir"al*ty, n.

Defn: Same as Squirarchy.
That such weight and influence be put thereby into the hands of the
squiralty of my kingdom. Sterne.

SQUIRARCH
Squir"arch, n. Etym: [Squire + -arch.]

Defn: One who belongs to the squirarchy.
 -- Squir"arch*al, a.

SQUIRARCHY
Squir"arch*y, n. Etym: [Squire + -archy.]

Defn: The gentlemen, or gentry, of a country, collectively. [Written
also squirearchy.]

SQUIRE
Squire, n. Etym: [OF. esquierre, F. équerre. See Square, n.]

Defn: A square; a measure; a rule. [Obs.] "With golden squire."
Spenser.

SQUIRE
Squire, n. Etym: [Aphetic form of esquire.]

1. A shield-bearer or armor-bearer who attended a knight.

2. A title of dignity next in degree below knight, and above
gentleman. See Esquire. [Eng.] "His privy knights and squires."
Chaucer.

3. A male attendant on a great personage; also (Colloq.), a devoted
attendant or follower of a lady; a beau.

4. A title of office and courtesy. See under Esquire.

SQUIRE
Squire, v. t. [imp. & p. p. squired; p. pr. & vb. n. squiring.]

1. To attend as a squire. Chaucer.

2. To attend as a beau, or gallant, for aid and protection; as, to
squire a lady. [Colloq.] Goldsmith.

SQUIREEN
Squir*een", n.

Defn: One who is half squire and half farmer; -- used humorously.
[Eng.] C. Kingsley.

SQUIREHOOD
Squire"hood, n.

Defn: The rank or state of a squire; squireship. Swift.

SQUIRELING
squire"ling, n.

Defn: A petty squire. Tennyson.

SQUIRELY
Squire"ly, a. & adv.

Defn: Becoming a squire; like a squire.

SQUIRESHIP
squire"ship, n.

Defn: Squirehood.

SQUIRM
Squirm, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Squirmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Squirming.]
Etym: [Cf. Swarm to climb a tree.]

Defn: To twist about briskly with contor

SQUIRR
Squirr, v. t.

Defn: See Squir.

SQUIRREL
Squir"rel ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [OE. squirel, OF. esquirel, escurel,
F. écureuil, LL. squirelus, squirolus, scuriolus, dim. of L. sciurus,
Gr. si`oyros; skia` shade + o'yra` tail. Cf. Shine, v. i.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small rodents belonging to the
genus Sciurus and several allied genera of the famly Sciuridæ.
Squirrels generally have a bushy tail, large erect ears, and strong
hind legs. They are commonly arboreal in their habits, but many
species live in burrows.

Note: Among the common North American squirrels are the gray squirrel
(Scirius Carolinensis) and its black variety; the fox, or cat,
sqirrel (S. cinereus, or S. niger) which is a large species, and
variable in color, the southern variety being frequently black, while
the northern and western varieties are usually gray or rusty brown;
the red squirrel (see Chickaree); the striped, or chipping, squirrel
(see Chipmunk); and the California gray squirrel (S. fossor). Several
other species inhabit Mexico and Central America. The common European
species (Sciurus vulgaris) has a long tuft of hair on each ear. the
so-called Australian squirrels are marsupials. See Petaurist, and
Phalanger.

2. One of the small rollers of a carding machine which work with the
large cylinder. Barking squirrel (Zoöl.), the prairie dog.
 -- Federation squirrel (Zoöl.), the striped gopher. See Gopher, 2.
 -- Flying squirrel (Zoöl.). See Flying squirrel, in the Vocabulary.
 -- Java squirrel (Zoöl.). See Jelerang.
 -- Squirrel corn (Bot.), a North American herb (Dicantra Canadensis)
bearing little yellow tubers.
 -- Squirrel cup (Bot.), the blossom of the Hepatica triloba, a low
perennial herb with cup-shaped flowers varying from purplish blue to
pink or even white. It is one of the earliest flowers of spring.
 -- Squirrel fish (Zoöl.) (a) A sea bass (Serranus fascicularis) of
the Southern United States. (b) The sailor's choice (Diplodus
rhomboides). (c) The redmouth, or grunt. (d) A market fish of Bermuda
(Holocentrum Ascensione).
 -- Squirrel grass (Bot.), a pestiferous grass (Hordeum murinum)
related to barley. In California the stiffly awned spiklets work into
the wool of sheep, and into the throat, flesh, and eyes of animals,
sometimes even producing death.
 -- Squirrel hake (Zoöl.), a common American hake (Phycis tenuis); --
called also white hake.
 -- Squirrel hawk (Zoöl.), any rough-legged hawk; especially, the
California species Archibuteo ferrugineus.
 -- Squirrel monkey. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of small,
soft-haired South American monkeys of the genus Calithrix. They are
noted for their graceful form and agility. See Teetee. (b) A
marmoset.
 -- Squirrel petaurus (Zoöl.), a flying phalanger of Australia. See
Phalanger, Petaurist, and Flying phalanger under Flying.
 -- Squirrel shrew (Zoöl.), any one of several species of East Indian
and Asiatic insectivores of the genus Tupaia. They are allied to the
shrews, but have a bushy tail, like that of a squirrel.
 -- Squirrel-tail grass (Bot.), a grass (Hordeum jubatum) found in
salt marshes and along the Great Lakes, having a dense spike beset
with long awns.

SQUIRT
Squirt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Squirted; p. pr. & vb. n. Squirting.]
Etym: [Cf. LG. swirtjen to squirt, OSw. sqvätta, E. squander.]

Defn: To drive or eject in a stream out of a narrow pipe or orifice;
as, to squirt water.
The hard-featured miscreant coolly rolled his tobacco in his cheek,
and squirted the juice into the fire grate. Sir W. Scott.
Squirting cucumber. (Bot.) See Ecballium.

SQUIRT
Squirt, v. i.

1. To be thrown out, or ejected, in a rapid stream, from a narrow
orifice; -- said of liquids.

2. Hence, to throw out or utter words rapidly; to prate. [Low]
L'Estrange.

SQUIRT
Squirt, n.

1. An instrument out of which a liquid is ejected in a small stream
with force. Young.

2. A small, quick stream; a jet. Bacon.

SQUIRTER
Squirt"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, squirts.

SQUIRY
Squir"y, n. Etym: [See Squiery.]

Defn: The body of squires, collectively considered; squirarchy.
[Obs.]
The flower of chivalry and squiry. Ld. Berbers.

SQUITCH GRASS
Squitch" grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: Quitch grass.

SQUITEE
Squi*tee", n. Etym: [From the N. American Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The squeteague; -- called also squit.

STAB
Stab, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stabbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Stabbing.] Etym:
[Cf. OD. staven to fix, fasten, fr. stave, staff, a staff, rod; akin
to G. stab a staff, stick, E. staff; also Gael. stob to stab, as n.,
a stake, a stub. Cf. Staff.]

1. To pierce with a pointed weapon; to wound or kill by the thrust of
a pointed instrument; as, to stab a man with a dagger; also, to
thrust; as, to stab a dagger into a person.

2. Fig.: To injure secretly or by malicious falsehood or slander; as,
to stab a person's reputation.

STAB
Stab, v. i.

1. To give a wound with a pointed weapon; to pierce; to thrust with a
pointed weapon.
None shall dare With shortened sword to stab in closer war. Dryden.

2. To wound or pain, as if with a pointed weapon.
She speaks poniards, and every word stabs. Shak.
To stab at, to offer or threaten to stab; to thrust a pointed weapon
at.

STAB
Stab, n.

1. The thrust of a pointed weapon.

2. A wound with a sharp-pointed weapon; as, to fall by the stab an
assassin. Shak.

3. Fig.: An injury inflicted covertly or suddenly; as, a stab given
to character.

STABAT MATER
Sta"bat Ma"ter. Etym: [L., the mother was standing.]

Defn: A celebrated Latin hymn, beginning with these words,
commemorating the sorrows of the mother of our Lord at the foot of
the cross. It is read in the Mass of the Sorrows of the Virgin Mary,
and is sung by Catholics when making "the way of the cross" (Via
Crucis). See Station, 7 (c).

STABBER
Stab"ber, n.

1. One who, or that which, stabs; a privy murderer.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A small marline spike; a pricker.

STABBINGLY
Stab"bing*ly, adv.

Defn: By stabbing; with intent to injure covertly. Bp. Parker.

STAB CULTURE
Stab culture. (Bacteriol.)

Defn: A culture made by inoculating a solid medium, as gelatin, with
the puncture of a needle or wire. The growths are usually of
characteristic form.

STABILIMENT
Sta*bil"i*ment, n. Etym: [L. stabilimentum, fr.stabilire to make firm
ir stable, fr. stabilis. See Stable, a.]

Defn: The act of making firm; firm support; establishment. [R.] Jer.
taylor.
They serve for stabiliment, propagation, and shade. Derham.

STABILITATE
Sta*bil"i*tate, v. t. Etym: [LL. stabilitatus, p.p. of stabilitare to
make stable.]

Defn: To make stable; to establish. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

STABILITY
Sta*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. stabilitas; cf. F. stabilité. See Stable,
a.]

1. The state or quality of being stable, or firm; steadiness;
firmness; strength to stand without being moved or overthrown; as,
the stability of a structure; the stability of a throne or a
constitution.

2. Steadiness or firmness of character, firmness of resolution or
purpose; the quality opposite to Ant: fickleness, Ant: irresolution,
or Ant: inconstancy; constancy; steadfastness; as, a man of little
stability, or of unusual stability.

3. Fixedness; -- as opposed to Ant: fluidity.
Since fluidness and stability are contary qualities. Boyle.

Syn.
 -- Steadiness; stableness; constancy; immovability; firmness.

STABLE
Sta"ble, a. Etym: [OE. estable, F. stable, fr. L. stabilis, fr. stare
to stand. See Stand, v. i. and cf. Establish.]

1. Firmly established; not easily moved, shaken, or overthrown;
fixed; as, a stable government.
In this region of chance, . . . where nothing is stable. Rogers.

2. Steady in purpose; constant; firm in resolution; not easily
diverted from a purpose; not fickle or wavering; as, a man of stable
character.
And to her husband ever meek and stable. Chaucer.

3. Durable; not subject to overthrow or change; firm; as, a stable
foundation; a stable position. Stable equibrium (Mech.), the kind of
equilibrium of a body so placed that if disturbed it returns to its
former position, as in the case when the center of gravity is below
the point or axis of support; -- opposed to unstable equilibrium, in
which the body if disturbed does not tend to return to its former
position, but to move farther away from it, as in the case of a body
supported at a point below the center of gravity. Cf. Neutral
equilibrium, under Neutral.

Syn.
 -- Fixed; steady; constant; abiding; strong; durable; firm.

STABLE
Sta"ble, v. t.

Defn: To fix; to establish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STABLE
Sta"ble, n. Etym: [OF. estable, F. étable, from L. stabulum, fr.
stare to stand. See Stand, v. i.]

Defn: A house, shed, or building, for beasts to lodge and feed in;
esp., a building or apartment with stalls, for horses; as, a horse
stable; a cow stable. Milton. Stable fly (Zoöl.), a common dipterous
fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) which is abundant about stables and often
enters dwellings, especially in autumn. These files, unlike the
common house files, which they resemble, bite severely, and are
troublesome to horses and cattle.

STABLE
Sta"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stabled; p. pr. & vb. n. Stabling.]

Defn: To put or keep in a stable.

STABLE
Sta"ble, v. i.

Defn: To dwell or lodge in a stable; to dwell in an inclosed place;
to kennel. Milton.

STABLEBOY; STABLEMAN
Sta"ble*boy`, Sta"ble*man, n.

Defn: A boy or man who attends in a stable; a groom; a hostler.

STABLENESS
Sta"ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being stable, or firmly established;
stability.

STABLER
Sta"bler, n.

Defn: A stable keeper. De Foe.

STABLE STAND
Sta"ble stand`. (O.Eng. Law)

Defn: The position of a man who is found at his standing in the
forest, with a crossbow or a longbow bent, ready to shoot at a deer,
or close by a tree with greyhounds in a leash ready to slip; -- one
of the four presumptions that a man intends stealing the king's deer.
Wharton.

STABLING
Sta"bling, n.

1. The act or practice of keeping horses and cattle in a stable.

2. A building, shed, or room for horses and cattle.

STABLISH
Stab"lish, v. t. Etym: [Aphetic form of establish.]

Defn: To settle permanently in a state; to make firm; to establish;
to fix. [Obs.] 2 Sam. vii. 13.

STABLISHMENT
Stab"lish*ment, n.

Defn: Establishment. [Obs.]

STABLY
Sta"bly, adv.

Defn: In a stable manner; firmly; fixedly; steadily; as, a government
stably settled.

STABULATION
Stab`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. stabulatio, fr. stabulari to stable
cattle, fr. stabulum. See Stable, n.]

1. The act of stabling or housing beasts.

2. A place for lodging beasts; a stable. [Obs.]

STACCATO
Stac*ca"to, a. Etym: [It., p.p. of staccere, equivalent to
distaccare. See Detach.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: Disconnected; separated; distinct; -- a direction to perform
the notes of a passage in a short, distinct, and pointed manner. It
is opposed to legato, and often indicated by heavy accents written
over or under the notes, or by dots when the performance is to be
less distinct and emphatic.

2. Expressed in a brief, pointed manner.
Staccato and peremptory [literary criticism]. G. Eliot.

STACK
Stack, a. Etym: [Icel. stakkr; akin to Sw. stack, Dan. stak. Sf.
Stake.]

1. A large pile of hay, grain, straw, or the like, usually of a
nearly conical form, but sometimes rectangular or oblong, contracted
at the top to a point or ridge, and sometimes covered with thatch.
But corn was housed, and beans were in the stack. Cowper.

2. A pile of poles or wood, indefinite in quantity.
Against every pillar was a stack of billets above a man's height.
Bacon.

3. A pile of wood containing 108 cubic feet. [Eng.]

4. (Arch.)
(a) A number of flues embodied in one structure, rising above the
roof. Hence:
(b) Any single insulated and prominent structure, or upright pipe,
which affords a conduit for smoke; as, the brick smokestack of a
factory; the smokestack of a steam vessel. (Computer programming)
(a) A section of memory in a computer used for temporary storage of
data, in which the last datum stored is the first retrieved.
(b) A data structure within random-access memory used to simulate a
hardware stack, as, a push-down stack. Stack of arms (Mil.), a number
of muskets or rifles set up together, with the bayonets crossing one
another, forming a sort of conical self-supporting pile.

STACK
Stack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stacked; p. pr. & vb. n. Stacking.] Etym:
[Cf. Sw. stacka, Dan. stakke. See Stack, n.]

Defn: To lay in a conical or other pile; to make into a large pile;
as, to stack hay, cornstalks, or grain; to stack or place wood. To
stack arms (Mil.), to set up a number of muskets or rifles together,
with the bayonets crossing one another, and forming a sort of conical
pile.

STACKAGE
Stack"age, n.

1. Hay, gray, or the like, in stacks; things stacked. [R.]

2. A tax on things stacked. [R.] Holinshed.

STACKET
Stack"et, n. Etym: [Cf. F. estacade and E. stockade.] (Mil.)

Defn: A stockade. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

STACK-GUARD
Stack"-guard`, n.

Defn: A covering or protection, as a canvas, for a stack.

STACKING
Stack"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Stack. Stacking band, Stacking belt, a band or rope used
in binding thatch or straw upon a stack.
 -- Stacking stage, a stage used in building stacks.

STACKSTAND
Stack"stand`, n.

Defn: A staging for supporting a stack of hay or grain; a rickstand.

STACKYARD
Stack"yard`, n.

Defn: A yard or inclosure for stacks of hay or grain. A. Smith.

STACTE
Stac"te, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: One of the sweet spices used by the ancient Jews in the
preparation of incense. It was perhaps an oil or other form of myrrh
or cinnamon, or a kind of storax. Ex. xxx. 34.

STADDLE
Stad"dle, n. Etym: [AS. stathol, srathul, a foundation, firm seat;
akin to E. stand. *163. See Stand, v. i.] [Formerly written stadle.]

1. Anything which serves for support; a staff; a prop; a crutch; a
cane.
His weak steps governing And aged limbs on cypress stadle stout.
Spenser.

2. The frame of a stack of hay or grain. [Eng.]

3. A row of dried or drying hay, etc. [Eng.]

4. A small tree of any kind, especially a forest tree.

Note: In America, trees are called staddles from the time that they
are three or four years old till they are six or eight inches in
diameter, or more. This is also the sense in which the word is used
by Bacon and Tusser.

STADDLE
Stad"dle, v. t.

1. To leave the staddles, or saplings, of, as a wood when it is cut.
[R.] Tusser.

2. To form into staddles, as hay. [Eng.]

STADE
Stade, n. Etym: [Cf. F. stade.]

Defn: A stadium. Donne.

STADE
Stade, n. Etym: [Cf. G. gestade shore.]

Defn: A landing place or wharf. Knight.

STADIA HAIRS; STADIA WIRES
Sta"di*a hairs or wires . (Surv.)

Defn: In a theodolite, etc., horizontal cross wires or hairs
equidistant from the central horizontal cross wire.

STADIMETER
Sta*dim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Stadium + -meter.]

Defn: A horizontal graduated bar mounted on a staff, used as a
stadium, or telemeter, for measuring distances.

STADIUM
Sta"di*um, n.; pl. Stadia. Etym: [L., a stadium (in sense 1), from
Gr.

1. A Greek measure of length, being the chief one used for itinerary
distances, also adopted by the Romans for nautical and astronomical
measurements. It was equal to 600 Greek or 625 Roman feet, or 125
Roman paces, or to 606 feet 9 inches English. This was also called
the Olympic stadium, as being the exact length of the foot-race
course at Olympia. Dr. W. Smith.

2. Hence, a race course; especially, the Olympic course for foot
races.

3. A kind of telemeter for measuring the distance of an object of
known dimensions, by observing the angle it subtends; especially
(Surveying), a graduated rod used to measure the distance of the
place where it stands from an instrument having a telescope, by
observing the number of the graduations of the rod that are seen
between certain parallel wires (stadia wires) in the field of view of
the telescope; -- also called stadia, and stadia rod.

STADTHOLDER
Stadt"hold`er, n. Etym: [D. stadhouder; stad a city, a town + houder
a holder.]

Defn: Formerly, the chief magistrate of the United Provinces of
Holland; also, the governor or lieutenant governor of a province.

STADTHOLDERATE; STADTHOLDERSHIP
Stadt"hold`er*ate, Stadt"hold`er*ship, n.

Defn: The office or position of a stadtholder.

STAFETTE
Sta*fette", n. Etym: [Cf. G. stafette. See Estafet.]

Defn: An estafet. [R.] arlyle.

STAFF
Staff, n.; pl. Staves ( or Staffs in senses 1-9, Staffs in senses 10,
11. Etym: [AS. stæf a staff; akin to LG. & D. staf, OFries stef, G.
stab, Icel. stafr, Sw. staf, Dan. stav, Goth. stabs element,
rudiment, Skr. sthapay to cause to stand, to place. See Stand, and
cf. Stab, Stave, n.]

1. A long piece of wood; a stick; the long handle of an instrument or
weapon; a pole or srick, used for many purposes; as, a surveyor's
staff; the staff of a spear or pike.
And he put the staves into the rings on the sides of the altar to
bear it withal. Ex. xxxviii. 7.
With forks and staves the felon to pursue. Dryden.

2. A stick carried in the hand for support or defense by a person
walking; hence, a support; that which props or upholds. "Hooked
staves." Piers Plowman.
The boy was the very staff of my age. Shak.
He spoke of it [beer] in "The Earnest Cry," and likewise in the
"Scotch Drink," as one of the staffs of life which had been struck
from the poor man's hand. Prof. Wilson.

3. A pole, stick, or wand borne as an ensign of authority; a badge of
office; as, a constable's staff.
Methought this staff, mine office badge in court, Was broke in twain.
Shak.
All his officers brake their staves; but at their return new staves
were delivered unto them. Hayward.

4. A pole upon which a flag is supported and displayed.

5. The round of a ladder. [R.]
I ascend at one [ladder] of six hundred and thirty-nine staves. Dr.
J. Campbell (E. Brown's Travels).

6. A series of verses so disposed that, when it is concluded, the
same order begins again; a stanza; a stave.
Cowley found out that no kind of staff is proper for an heroic poem,
as being all too lyrical. Dryden.

7. (Mus.)

Defn: The five lines and the spaces on which music is written; --
formerly called stave.

8. (Mech.)

Defn: An arbor, as of a wheel or a pinion of a watch.

9. (Surg.)

Defn: The grooved director for the gorget, or knife, used in cutting
for stone in the bladder.

10. Etym: [From Staff, 3, a badge of office.] (Mil.)

Defn: An establishment of officers in various departments attached to
an army, to a section of an army, or to the commander of an army. The
general's staff consists of those officers about his person who are
employed in carrying his commands into execution. See État Major.

11. Hence: A body of assistants serving to carry into effect the
plans of a superintendant or manager; as, the staff of a newspaper.
Jacob's staff (Surv.), a single straight rod or staff, pointed and
iron-shod at the bottom, for penetrating the ground, and having a
socket joint at the top, used, instead of a tripod, for supporting a
compass.
 -- Staff angle (Arch.), a square rod of wood standing flush with the
wall on each of its sides, at the external angles of plastering, to
prevent their being damaged.
 -- The staff of life, bread. "Bread is the staff of life." Swift.
 -- Staff tree (Bot.), any plant of the genus Celastrus, mostly
climbing shrubs of the northern hemisphere. The American species (C.
scandens) is commonly called bittersweet. See 2d Bittersweet, 3 (b).
 -- To set, or To put, up, or down, one's staff, to take up one's
residence; to lodge. [Obs.]

STAFFIER
Staf"fi*er, n.

Defn: An attendant bearing a staff. [Obs.] "Staffiers on foot."
Hudibras.

STAFFISH
Staff"ish, a.

Defn: Stiff; harsh. [Obs.] Ascham.

STAFFMAN
Staff"man, n.; pl. Staffmen (.

Defn: A workman employed in silk throwing.

STAG
Stag, n. Etym: [Icel. steggr the male of several animals; or a
doubtful AS. stagga. Cf. Steg.]

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) The adult male of the red deer (Cervus elaphus), a large European
species closely related to the American elk, or wapiti.
(b) The male of certain other species of large deer.

2. A colt, or filly; also, a romping girl. [Prov. Eng.]

3. A castrated bull; -- called also bull stag, and bull seg. See the
Note under Ox.

4. (Stock Exchange)
(a) An outside irregular dealer in stocks, who is not a member of the
exchange. [Cant]
(b) One who applies for the allotment of shares in new projects, with
a view to sell immediately at a premium, and not to hold the stock.
[Cant]

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European wren. [Prov. Eng.] Stag beetle (Zoöl.), any one of
numerous species of lamellicorn beetles belonging to Lucanus and
allied genera, especially L. cervus of Europe and L. dama of the
United States. The mandibles are large and branched, or forked,
whence the name. The lava feeds on the rotten wood of dead trees.
Called also horned bug, and horse beetle.
 -- Stag dance, a dance by men only. [slang, U.S.] -- Stag hog
(Zoöl.), the babiroussa.
 -- Stag-horn coral (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large
branching corals of the genus Madrepora, which somewhat resemble the
antlers of the stag, especially Madrepora cervicornis, and M.
palmata, of Florida and the West Indies.
 -- Stag-horn fern (Bot.), an Australian and West African fern
(Platycerium alcicorne) having the large fronds branched like a
stag's horns; also, any species of the same genus.
 -- Stag-horn sumac (Bot.), a common American shrub (Rhus typhina)
having densely velvety branchlets. See Sumac.
 -- Stag party, a party consisting of men only. [Slang, U. S.] --
Stag tick (Zoöl.), a parasitic dipterous insect of the family
Hippoboscidæ, which lives upon the stag and in usually wingless. The
same species lives also upon the European grouse, but in that case
has wings.

STAG
Stag, v. i. (Com.)

Defn: To act as a "stag", or irregular dealer in stocks. [Cant]

STAG
Stag, v. t.

Defn: To watch; to dog, or keep track of. [Prov. Eng. or Slang] H.
Kingsley.

STAGE
Stage, n. Etym: [OF. estage, F. étage, (assumed) LL. staticum, from
L. stare to stand. See Stand, and cf. Static.]

1. A floor or story of a house. [Obs.] Wyclif.

2. An elevated platform on which an orator may speak, a play be
performed, an exhibition be presented, or the like.

3. A floor elevated for the convenience of mechanical work, or the
like; a scaffold; a staging.

4. A platform, often floating, serving as a kind of wharf.

5. The floor for scenic performances; hence, the theater; the
playhouse; hence, also, the profession of representing dramatic
compositions; the drama, as acted or exhibited.
Knights, squires, and steeds, must enter on the stage. Pope.
Lo! Where the stage, the poor, degraded stage, Holds its warped
mirror to a gaping age. C. Sprague.

6. A place where anything is publicly exhibited; the scene of any
noted action or carrer; the spot where any remarkable affair occurs.
When we are born, we cry that we are come To this stage of fools.
Shak.
Music and ethereal mirth Wherewith the stage of air and earth did
ring. Miton.

7. The platform of a microscope, upon which an object is placed to be
viewed. See Illust. of Microscope.

8. A place of rest on a regularly traveled road; a stage house; a
station; a place appointed for a relay of horses.

9. A degree of advancement in a journey; one of several portions into
which a road or course is marked off; the distance between two places
of rest on a road; as, a stage of ten miles.
A stage . . . signifies a certain distance on a road. Jeffrey.
He traveled by gig, with his wife, his favorite horse performing the
journey by easy stages. Smiles.

10. A degree of advancement in any pursuit, or of progress toward an
end or result.
Such a polity is suited only to a particular stage in the progress of
society. Macaulay.

11. A large vehicle running from station to station for the
accomodation of the public; a stagecoach; an omnibus. "A parcel sent
you by the stage." Cowper.
I went in the sixpenny stage. Swift.

12. (Biol.)

Defn: One of several marked phases or periods in the development and
growth of many animals and plants; as, the larval stage; pupa stage;
zoea stage. Stage box, a box close to the stage in a theater.
 -- Stage carriage, a stagecoach.
 -- Stage door, the actor's and workmen's entrance to a theater.
 -- Stage lights, the lights by which the stage in a theater is
illuminated.
 -- Stage micrometer, a graduated device applied to the stage of a
microscope for measuring the size of an object.
 -- Stage wagon, a wagon which runs between two places for conveying
passengers or goods.
 -- Stage whisper, a loud whisper, as by an actor in a theater,
supposed, for dramatic effect, to be unheard by one or more of his
fellow actors, yet audible to the audience; an aside. stage of the
game, [Colloq.] stage n. 10.

STAGE
Stage, v. t.

Defn: To exhibit upon a stage, or as upon a stage; to display
publicly. Shak.

STAGECOACH
Stage"coach`, n.

Defn: A coach that runs regularly from one stage, station, or place
to another, for the conveyance of passengers.

STAGECOACHMAN
Stage"coach`man, n.; pl. Stagecoachmen (.

Defn: One who drives a stagecoach.

STAGE DIRECTOR
Stage director. (Theat.)

Defn: One who prepares a play for production. He arranges the details
of the stage settings, the business to be used, all stage effects,
and instructs the actors, excepting usually the star, in the general
interpretation of their parts.

STAGE FRIGHT
Stage fright.

Defn: Nervousness felt before an audience.

STAGEHOUSE
Stage"house`, n.

Defn: A house where a stage regularly stops for passengers or a relay
of horses.

STAGELY
Stage"ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a stage; becoming the theater; theatrical. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.

STAGE MANAGER
Stage manager. (Theat.)

Defn: One in control of the stage during the production of a play. He
directs the stage hands, property man, etc., has charge of all
details behind the curtain, except the acting, and has a general
oversight of the actors. Sometimes he is also the stage director.

STAGEPLAY
Stage"play`, n.

Defn: A dramatic or theatrical entertainment. Dryden.

STAGEPLAYER
Stage"play`er, n.

Defn: An actor on the stage; one whose occupation is to represent
characters on the stage; as, Garrick was a celebrated stageplayer.

STAGER
Sta"ger, n.

1. A player. [R.] B. Jonson.

2. One who has long acted on the stage of life; a practitioner; a
person of experience, or of skill derived from long experience. "You
will find most of the old stagers still stationary there." Sir W.
Scott.

3. A horse used in drawing a stage. [Colloq.]

STAGERY
Sta"ger*y, n.

Defn: Exhibition on the stage. [Obs.]

STAGE-STRUCK
Stage"-struck`, a.

Defn: Fascinated by the stage; seized by a passionate desire to
become an actor.

STAG-EVIL
Stag"-e`vil, n. (Far.)

Defn: A kind of palsy affecting the jaw of a horse. Crabb.

STAGGARD
Stag"gard, n. Etym: [From Stag.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male red deer when four years old.

STAGGER
Stag"ger, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Staggered; p. pr. & vb. n. Staggering.]
Etym: [OE. stakeren, Icel. stakra to push, to stagger, fr. staka to
punt, push, stagger; cf. OD. staggeren to stagger. Cf. Stake, n.]

1. To move to one side and the other, as if about to fall, in
standing or walking; not to stand or walk with steadiness; to sway;
to reel or totter.
Deep was the wound; he staggered with the blow. Dryden.

2. To cease to stand firm; to begin to give way; to fail. "The enemy
staggers." Addison.

3. To begin to doubt and waver in purposes; to become less confident
or determined; to hesitate.
He [Abraham] staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief.
Rom. iv. 20.

STAGGER
Stag"ger, v. t.

1. To cause to reel or totter.
That hand shall burn in never-quenching fire That staggers thus my
person. Shak.

2. To cause to doubt and waver; to make to hesitate; to make less
steady or confident; to shock.
Whosoever will read the story of this war will find himself much
stagered. Howell.
Grants to the house of Russell were so enormous, as not only to
outrage economy, but even to stagger credibility. Burke.

3. To arrange (a series of parts) on each side of a median line
alternately, as the spokes of a wheel or the rivets of a boiler seam.

STAGGER
Stag"ger, n.

1. An unsteady movement of the body in walking or standing, as if one
were about to fall; a reeling motion; vertigo; -- often in the
plural; as, the stagger of a drunken man.

2. pl. (Far.)

Defn: A disease of horses and other animals, attended by reeling,
unsteady gait or sudden falling; as, parasitic staggers; appopletic
or sleepy staggers.

3. pl.

Defn: Bewilderment; perplexity. [R.] Shak. Stomach staggers (Far.),
distention of the stomach with food or gas, resulting in indigestion,
frequently in death.

STAGGERBUSH
Stag"ger*bush`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An American shrub (Andromeda Mariana) having clusters of
nodding white flowers. It grows in low, sandy places, and is said to
poison lambs and calves. Gray.

STAGGERINGLY
Stag"ger*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a staggering manner.

STAGGERWORT
Stag"ger*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of ragwort (Senecio Jacobæa).

STAG-HORN CORAL; STAG-HORN FERN
Stag"-horn` co"ral, Stag"-horn` fern`, etc.

Defn: See under Stag.

STAG-HORNED
Stag"-horned`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the mandibles large and palmate, or branched somewhat
like the antlers of a stag; -- said of certain beetles.

STAGHOUND
Stag"hound`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large and powerful hound formerly used in hunting the stag,
the wolf, and other large animals. The breed is nearly extinct.

STAGING
Sta"ging, n.

Defn: A structure of posts and boards for supporting workmen, etc.,
as in building.

2. The business of running stagecoaches; also, the act of journeying
in stagecoaches.

STAGIRITE
Stag"i*rite, n.

Defn: A native of, or resident in, Stagira, in ancient Macedonia;
especially, Aristotle. [Written also Stagyrite.]

STAGNANCY
Stag"nan*cy, n.

Defn: State of being stagnant.

STAGNANT
Stag"nant, a. Etym: [L. stagnans, -antis, p.pr. of stagnare. See
Stagnate.]

1. That stagnates; not flowing; not running in a current or steam;
motionless; hence, impure or foul from want of motion; as, a stagnant
lake or pond; stagnant blood in the veins.

2. Not active or brisk; dull; as, business in stagnant.
That gloomy slumber of the stagnant soul. Johnson.
For him a stagnant life was not worth living. Palfrey.

STAGNANTLY
Stag"nant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a stagnant manner.

STAGNATE
Stag"nate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stagnated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Stagnating.] Etym: [L. stagnatus, p.p. of stagnare to stagnate, make
stagnant, from stagnum a piece of standing water. See Stank a pool,
and cf. Stanch, v. t.]

1. To cease to flow; to be motionless; as, blood stagnates in the
veins of an animal; hence, to become impure or foul by want of
motion; as, air stagnates in a close room.

2. To cease to be brisk or active; to become dull or inactive; as,
commerce stagnates; business stagnates.
Ready-witted tenderness . . . never stagnates in vain lamentations
while there is any room for hope. Sir W. Scott.

STAGNATE
Stag"nate, a.

Defn: Stagnant. [Obs.] "A stagnate mass of vapors." Young.

STAGNATION
Stag*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. stagnation.]

1. The condition of being stagnant; cessation of flowing or
circulation, as of a fluid; the state of being motionless; as, the
stagnation of the blood; the stagnation of water or air; the
stagnation of vapors.

2. The cessation of action, or of brisk action; the state of being
dull; as, the stagnation of business.

STAGWORM
Stag"worm, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larve of any species of botfly which is parasitic upon the
stag, as , which burrows beneath the skin, and Cephalomyia
auribarbis, which lives in the nostrils.

STAGY
Sta"gy, a. [Written also stagey.]

Defn: Having an air or manner characteristic of the stage;
theatrical; artificial; as, a stagy tone or bearing; --chiefly used
depreciatively.

STAHLIAN
Stahl"ian, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or taught by, Stahl, a German physician and
chemist of the 17th century; as, the Stahlian theory of phlogiston.

STAHLIAN
Stahl"ian, n.

Defn: A believer in, or advocate of, Stahlism.

STAHLISM; STAHLIANISM
Stahl"ism, Stahl"ian*ism, n.

Defn: The Stahlian theoru, that every vital action is function or
operation of the soul.

STAID
Staid,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Stay.

STAID
Staid, a. Etym: [From Stay to stop.]

Defn: Sober; grave; steady; sedate; composed; regular; not wild,
volatile, or fanciful. "Sober and staid persons." Addison.
O'erlaid with black, staid Wisdom's hue. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Sober; grave; steady; steadfast; composed; regular; sedate.

STAIDLY
Staid"ly, adv.

Defn: In a staid manner, sedately.

STAIDNESS
Staid"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being staid; seriousness; steadiness;
sedateness; regularity; -- the opposite of wildness, or Ant: levity.
If sometimes he appears too gray, yet a secret gracefulness of youth
accompanies his writings, though the staidness and sobriety of age
wanting. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Sobriety; gravity; steadiness; regularity; constancy; firmness;
stability; sedateness.

STAIL
Stail, n.

Defn: A handle, as of a mop; a stale. [Eng.]

STAIN
Stain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stained; p. pr. & vb. n. Staining.] Etym:
[Abbrev. fr. distain.]

1. To discolor by the application of foreign matter; to make foul; to
spot; as, to stain the hand with dye; armor stained with blood.

2. To color, as wood, glass, paper, cloth, or the like, by processess
affecting, chemically or otherwise, the material itself; to tinge
with a color or colors combining with, or penetrating, the substance;
to dye; as, to stain wood with acids, colored washes, paint rubbed
in, etc.; to stain glass.

3. To spot with guilt or infamy; to bring reproach on; to blot; to
soil; to tarnish.
Of honor void, Of innocence, of faith, of purity, Our wonted
ornaments now soiled and stained. Milton.

4. To cause to seem inferior or soiled by comparison.
She stains the ripest virgins of her age. Beau. & Fl.
That did all other beasts in beauty stain. Spenser.
Stained glass, glass colored or stained by certain metallic pigments
fused into its substance, -- often used for making ornament windows.

Syn.
 -- To paint; dye; blot; soil; sully; discolor; disgrace; taint.
 -- Paint, Stain, Dye. These denote three different processes; the
first mechanical, the other two, chiefly chemical. To paint a thing
is so spread a coat of coloring matter over it; to stain or dye a
thing is to impart color to its substance. To stain is said chiefly
of solids, as wood, glass, paper; to dye, of fibrous substances,
textile fabrics, etc.; the one, commonly, a simple process, as
applying a wash; the other more complex, as fixing colors by
mordants.

STAIN
Stain, v. i.

Defn: To give or receive a stain; to grow dim.

STAIN
Stain, n.

1. A discoloration by foreign matter; a spot; as, a stain on a
garment or cloth. Shak.

2. A natural spot of a color different from the gound.
Swift trouts, diversified with crimson stains. Pope.

3. Taint of guilt; tarnish; disgrace; reproach.
Nor death itself can wholly wash their stains. Dryden.
Our opinion . . . is, I trust, without any blemish or stain of
heresy. Hooker.

4. Cause of reproach; shame. Sir P. Sidney.

5. A tincture; a tinge. [R.]
You have some stain of soldier in you. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Blot; spot; taint; pollution; blemish; tarnish; color; disgrace;
infamy; shame.

STAINER
Stain"er, n.

1. One who stains or tarnishes.

2. A workman who stains; as, a stainer of wood.

STAINLESS
Stain"less, a.

Defn: Free from stain; immaculate. Shak.
The veery care he took to keep his name Stainless, with some was
evidence of shame. Crabbe.

Syn.
 -- Blameless; spotless; faultless. See Blameless.

STAINLESSLY
Stain"less*ly, adv.

Defn: In a stainless manner.

STAIR
Stair, n. Etym: [OE. steir, steyer, AS. st, from to ascend, rise. sq.
root164. See Sty to ascend.]

1. One step of a series for ascending or descending to a different
level; -- commonly applied to those within a building.

2. A series of steps, as for passing from one story of a house to
another; -- commonly used in the plural; but originally used in the
singular only. "I a winding stair found." Chaucer's Dream. Below
stairs, in the basement or lower part of a house, where the servants
are.
 -- Flight of stairs, the stairs which make the whole ascent of a
story.
 -- Pair of stairs, a set or flight of stairs.
 -- pair, in this phrase, having its old meaning of a set. See Pair,
n., 1.
 -- Run of stars (Arch.), a single set of stairs, or section of a
stairway, from one platform to the next.
 -- Stair rod, a rod, usually of metal, for holding a stair carpet to
its place.
 -- Up stairs. See Upstairs in the Vocabulary.

STAIRCASE
Stair"case`, n.

Defn: A flight of stairs with their supporting framework, casing,
balusters, etc.
To make a complete staircase is a curious piece of architecture. Sir
H. Wotton.
Staircase shell. (Zoöl.) (a) Any scalaria, or wentletrap. (b) Any
species of Solarium, or perspective shell.

STAIRHEAD
Stair"head`, n.

Defn: The head or top of a staircase.

STAIRWAY
Stair"way`, n.

Defn: A flight of stairs or steps; a staircase. "A rude and narrow
stairway." Moore.

STAITH
Staith, n. Etym: [AS. stæ a bank, shore, from the root of E. stead.]

Defn: A landing place; an elevated staging upon a wharf for
discharging coal, etc., as from railway cars, into vessels.

STAITHMAN
Staith"man, n.

Defn: A man employed in weighing and shipping at a staith. [Eng.]

STAKE
Stake, n. Etym: [AS. staca, from the root of E. stick; akin to
OFries. & LG. stake, D. staak, Sw. stake, Dan. stage. See Stick, v.
t., and cf. Estacade, Stockade.]

1. A piece of wood, usually long and slender, pointed at one end so
as to be easily driven into the ground as a support or stay; as, a
stake to support vines, fences, hedges, etc.
A sharpened stake strong Dryas found. Dryden.

2. A stick inserted upright in a lop, eye, or mortise, at the side or
end of a cart, a flat car, or the like, to prevent goods from falling
off.

3. The piece of timber to which a martyr was affixed to be burned;
hence, martyrdom by fire.

4. A small anvil usually furnished with a tang to enter a hole in a
bench top, -- used by tinsmiths, blacksmiths, etc., for light work,
punching upon, etc.

5. That which is laid down as a wager; that which is staked or
hazarded; a pledge. At stake, in danger; hazarded; pledged. "I see my
reputation is at stake." Shak.

STAKE
Stake, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Staked; p. pr. & vb. n. Staking.]

1. To fasten, support, or defend with stakes; as, to stake vines or
plants.

2. To mark the limits of by stakes; -- with out; as, to stake out
land; to stake out a new road.

3. To put at hazard upon the issue of competition, or upon a future
contingency; to wager; to pledge.
I'll stake yon lamb, that near the fountain plays. Pope.

4. To pierce or wound with a stake. Spectator.

STAKE-DRIVER
Stake"-driv`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common American bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus); -- so
called because one of its notes resembles the sound made in driving a
stake into the mud. Called also meadow hen, and Indian hen.

STAKEHEAD
Stake"head`, n. (Rope making)

Defn: A horizontal bar on a stake, used for supporting the yarns
which are kept apart by pins in the bar.

STAKEHOLDER
Stake"hold`er, n.

Defn: The holder of a stake; one with whom the bets are deposited
when a wager is laid.

STAKTOMETER
Stak*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: A drop measurer; a glass tube tapering to a small orifice at
the point, and having a bulb in the middle, used for finding the
number of drops in equal quantities of different liquids. See
Pipette. Sir D. Brewster.

STAL
Stal, obs. imp. of Steal.

Defn: Stole.

STALACTIC; STALACTICAL
Sta*lac"tic, Sta*lac"tic*al, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Stalactic.

STALACTIFORM
Sta*lac"ti*form, a.

Defn: Like a stalactite; resembling a stalactite.

STALACTITE
Sta*lac"tite, n.; pl. Stalactites. Etym: [Gr. stalactite.] (Geol.)
(a) A pendent cone or cylinder of calcium carbonate resembling an
icicle in form and mode of attachment. Stalactites are found
depending from the roof or sides of caverns, and are produced by
deposition from waters which have percolated through, and partially
dissolved, the overlying limestone rocks.
(b) In an extended sense, any mineral or rock of similar form and
origin; as, a stalactite of lava.

STALACTITES
Stal`ac*ti"tes, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A stalactite. [Obs.] Woodward.

STALACTITIC; STALACTITICAL
Stal`ac*tit"ic, Stal`ac*tit"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. stalactitique.]
(Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a stalactite; having the form or characters
of a stalactite; stalactic.

STALACTITIFORM
Stal`ac*tit"i*form, a.

Defn: Having the form of a stalactite; stalactiform.

STALAGMITE
Sta*lag"mite, n. Etym: [Gr. stalagmite.] (Geol.)

Defn: A deposit more or less resembling an inverted stalactite,
formed by calcareous water dropping on the floors of caverns; hence,
a similar deposit of other material.

STALAGMITIC; STALAGMITICAL
Stal`ag*mit"ic, Stal`ag*mit"ic*al, a.

Defn: Having the form or structure of stalagmites.
 -- Stal`ag*mit"ic*al*ly, adv.

STALDER
Stal"der, n. Etym: [From the root of stall.]

Defn: A wooden frame to set casks on. [Prov. Eng.]

STALE
Stale, n. Etym: [OE. stale, stele, AS. stæl, stel; akin to LG. & D.
steel, G. stiel; cf. L. stilus stake, stalk, stem, Gr. stall, stalk,
n.]

Defn: The stock or handle of anything; as, the stale of a rake.
[Written also steal, stele, etc.]
But seeling the arrow's stale without, and that the head did go No
further than it might be seen. Chapman.

STALE
Stale, a. Etym: [Akin to stale urine, and to stall, n.; probably from
Low German or Scandinavian. Cf. Stale, v. i.]

1. Vapid or tasteless from age; having lost its life, spirit, and
flavor, from being long kept; as, stale beer.

2. Not new; not freshly made; as, stele bread.

3. Having lost the life or graces of youth; worn out; decayed. "A
stale virgin." Spectator.

4. Worn out by use or familiarity; having lost its novelty and power
of pleasing; trite; common. Swift.
Wit itself, if stale is less pleasing. Grew.
How weary, stale flat, and unprofitable Seem to me all the uses of
this world! Shak.
Stale affidavit (Law), an affidavit held above a year. Craig.
 -- Stale demand (Law), a claim or demand which has not been pressed
or demanded for a long time.

STALE
Stale, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Staled; p. pr. & vb. n. Staling.]

Defn: To make vapid or tasteless; to destroy the life, beauty, or use
of; to wear out.
Age can not wither her, nor custom stale Her infinite variety. Shak.

STALE
Stale, v. i. Etym: [Akin to D. & G. stallen, Dan. stalle, Sw. stalla,
and E. stall a stable. Stall, n., and cf. Stale, a.]

Defn: To make water; to discharge urine; -- said especially of horses
and cattle. Hudibras.

STALE
Stale, n. Etym: [See Stale, a. & v. i.]

1. That which is stale or worn out by long keeping, or by use. [Obs.]

2. A prostitute. [Obs.] Shak.

3. Urine, esp. that of beasts. "Stale of horses." Shak.

STALE
Stale, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. estal place, position, abode, market, F.
étal a butcher's stall, OHG. stal station, place, stable, G. stall
(see Stall, n.); or from OE. stale theft, AS. stalu (see Steal, v.
t.)]

1. Something set, or offered to view, as an allurement to draw others
to any place or purpose; a decoy; a stool pigeon. [Obs.]
Still, as he went, he crafty stales did lay. Spenser.

2. A stalking-horse. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. (Chess)

Defn: A stalemate. [Obs.] Bacon.

4. A laughingstock; a dupe. [Obs.] Shak.

STALELY
Stale"ly, adv.

1. In a state stale manner.

2. Of old; long since. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

STALEMATE
Stale"mate`, n. (Chess)

Defn: The position of the king when he can not move without being
placed on check and there is no other piece which can be moved.

STALEMATE
Stale"mate`, v. t. (Chess)

Defn: To subject to a stalemate; hence, to bring to a stand.

STALENESS
Stale"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being stale.

STALK
Stalk, n. Etym: [OE. stalke, fr. AS. stæl, stel, a stalk. See Stale a
handle, Stall.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) The stem or main axis of a plant; as, a stalk of wheat, rye, or
oats; the stalks of maize or hemp.
(b) The petiole, pedicel, or peduncle, of a plant.

2. That which resembes the stalk of a plant, as the stem of a quill.
Grew.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornament in the Corinthian capital resembling the stalk of a
plant, from which the volutes and helices spring.

4. One of the two upright pieces of a ladder. [Obs.]
To climd by the rungs and the stalks. Chaucer.

5. (Zoöl.)
(a) A stem or peduncle, as of certain barnacles and crinoids.
(b) The narrow basal portion of the abdomen of a hymenopterous
insect.
(c) The peduncle of the eyes of decapod crustaceans.

6. (Founding)

Defn: An iron bar with projections inserted in a core to strengthen
it; a core arbor. Stalk borer (Zoöl.), the larva of a noctuid moth
(Gortyna nitela), which bores in the stalks of the raspberry,
strawberry, tomato, asters, and many other garden plants, often doing
much injury.

STALK
Stalk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stalked; p. pr. & vb. n. Stalking.] Etym:
[AS. stælcan, stealcian to go slowly; cf. stels high, elevated, Dan.
stalke to stalk; probably akin to 1st stalk.]

1. To walk slowly and cautiously; to walk in a stealthy, noiseless
manner; -- sometimes used with a reflexive pronoun. Shak.
Into the chamber he stalked him full still. Chaucer.
[Bertran] stalks close behind her, like a witch's fiend, Pressing to
be employed. Dryden.

2. To walk behind something as a screen, for the purpose of
approaching game; to proceed under clover.
The king . . . crept under the shoulder of his led horse; . . . "I
must stalk," said he. Bacon.
One underneath his horse, to get a shoot doth stalk. Drayton.

3. To walk with high and proud steps; usually implying the
affectation of dignity, and indicating dislike. The word is used,
however, especially by the poets, to express dignity of step.
With manly mien he stalked along the ground. Dryden.
Then stalking through the deep, He fords the ocean. Addison.
I forbear myself from entering the lists in which he has long stalked
alone and unchallenged. Mericale.

STALK
Stalk, v. t.

Defn: To approach under cover of a screen, or by stealth, for the
purpose of killing, as game.
As for shooting a man from behind a wall, it is cruelly like to
stalking a deer. Sir W. Scott.

STALK
Stalk, n.

Defn: A high, proud, stately step or walk.
Thus twice before, . . . With martial stalk hath he gone by our
watch. Shak.
The which with monstrous stalk behind him stepped. Spenser.

STALKED
Stalked, a.

Defn: Having a stalk or stem; borne upon a stem. Stalked barnacle
(Zoöl.), a goose barnacle, or anatifer; -- called also stalk
barnacle.
 -- Stalked crinoid (Zoöl.), any crinoid having a jointed stem.

STALKER
Stalk"er, n.

1. One who stalks.

2. A kind of fishing net.

STALK-EYED
Stalk"-eyed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the eyes raised on a stalk, or peduncle; -- opposed to
sessile-eyed. Said especially of podophthalmous crustaceans. Stalked-
eyed crustaceans. (Zoöl.) See Podophthalmia.

STALKING-HORSE
Stalk"ing-horse, n.

1. A horse, or a figure resembling a horse, behind which a hunter
conceals himself from the game he is aiming to kill.

2. Fig.: Something used to cover up a secret project; a mask; a
pretense.
Hypocrisy is the devil's stalking-horse under an affectation of
simplicity and religion. L'Estrange.
How much more abominable is it to make of him [Christ] and religion a
stalking-horse, to get and enjoy the world! Bunyan.

STALKLESS
Stalk"less, a.

Defn: Having no stalk.

STALKY
Stalk"y, a.

Defn: Hard as a stalk; resembling a stalk.
At the top [it] bears a great stalky head. Mortimer.

STALL
Stall, n. Etym: [OE. stal, AS. steall, stall, a place, seat, or
station, a stable; akin to D. & OHG. stal, G. & Sw. stall, stallr,
Dan. stald, originally, a standing place; akin to G. selle a place,
stellen to place, Gr. stand. Stand, and cf. Apostle, Epistle,
Forestall, Install, Stale, a. & v. i., 1st Stalk, Stallion, Still.]

1. A stand; a station; a fixed spot; hence, the stand or place where
a horse or an ox kept and fed; the division of a stable, or the
compartment, for one horse, ox, or other animal. "In an oxes stall."
Chaucer.

2. A stable; a place for cattle.
At last he found a stall where oxen stood. Dryden.

3. A small apartment or shed in which merchandise is exposed for
sale; as, a butcher's stall; a bookstall.

4. A bench or table on which small articles of merchandise are
exposed for sale.
How peddlers' stalls with glittering toys are laid. Gay.

5. A seat in the choir of a church, for one of the officiating
clergy. It is inclosed, either wholly or partially, at the back and
sides. The stalls are frequently very rich, with canopies and
elaborate carving.
The dignifird clergy, out of humanility, have called their thrones by
the names of stalls. Bp. Warburton.
Loud the monks in their stalls. Longfellow.

6. In the theater, a seat with arms or otherwise partly inclosed, as
distinguished from the benches, sofas, etc.

7. (Mining)

Defn: The space left by excavation between pillars. See Post and
stall, under Post. Stall reader, one who reads books at a stall where
they are exposed for sale.
Cries the stall reader, "Bless us! what a word on
A titlepage is this!" Milton.

STALL
Stall, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stalled; p. pr. & vb. n. Stalling.] Etym:
[Cf. Sw. stalla, Dan. stalde.]

1. To put into a stall or stable; to keep in a stall or stalls; as,
to stall an ox.
Where King Latinus then his oxen stalled.
Dryden.

2. To fatten; as, to stall cattle. [Prov. Eng.]

3. To place in an office with the customary formalities; to install.
Shak.

4. To plunge into mire or snow so as not to be able to get on; to
set; to fix; as, to stall a cart. Burton.
His horses had been stalled in the snow. E. E. Hale.

5. To forestall; to anticipitate. Having
This not to be stall'd by my report. Massinger.

6. To keep close; to keep secret. [Obs.]
Stall this in your bosom. Shak.

STALL
Stall, v. i. Etym: [AS. steallian to have room. See Stall, n.]

1. To live in, or as in, a stall; to dwell. [Obs.]
We could not stall together In the whole world. Shak.

2. To kennel, as dogs. Johnson.

3. To be set, as in mire or snow; to stick fast.

4. To be tired of eating, as cattle. [Prov. Eng.]

STALLAGE
Stall"age, n. Etym: [Cf. OF.estallange, of German origin. See Stall,
n. ]

1. (Eng. Law)

Defn: The right of erecting a stalls in fairs; rent paid for a stall.

2. Dung of cattle or horses, mixed with straw. [Obs.]

STALLATION
Stal*la"tion, n.

Defn: Installation. [Obs.]

STALLED
Stalled, a.

Defn: Put or kept in a stall; hence, fatted. "A stalled ox." Prov.
xv. 17.

STALLER
Stall"er, n.

Defn: A standard bearer. obtaining Fuller.

STALL-FEED
Stall"-feed, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stall-fed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Stall-
feeding.]

Defn: To feed and fatten in a stall or on dry fodder; as, to stall-
feed an ox.

STALLING
Stall"ing, n.

Defn: Stabling. Tennyson.

STALLION
Stal"lion, n. Etym: [OE. stalon, OF. estalon, F. étalon, fr. OHG.
stal a stable. See Stall, n.]

Defn: A male horse not castrated; a male horse kept for breeding.

STALLMAN
Stall"man, n.; pl. Stallmen (.

Defn: One who keeps a stall for the sale of merchandise, especially
books. Sterne.

STALLON
Stal"lon, n.

Defn: A slip from a plant; a scion; a cutting. [R.] Holished.

STALWART; STALWORTH
Stal"wart, Stal"worth, a. Etym: [OE. stalworth, AS. stælwyrth
serviceable, probably originally, good at stealing, or worth stealing
or taking, and afterwards extended to other causes of estimation. See
Steal, v. t., Worth, a.]

Defn: Brave; bold; strong; redoubted; daring; vehement; violent. "A
stalwart tiller of the soil." Prof. Wilson.
Fair man be was and wise, stalworth and bold. R. of Brunne.

Note: Stalworth is now disused, or bur little used, stalwart having
taken its place.

STALWARTLY
Stal"wart*ly, adv.

Defn: In a stalwart manner.

STALWARTNESS
Stal"wart*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being stalwart.

STALWORTHHOOD; STALWORTHNESS
Stal"worth*hood, Stal"worth*ness (, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being stalworth; stalwartness;
boldness; daring. [Obs.]

STAMEN
Sta"men, n.; pl. E. Stamens (used only in the second sense); L.
Stamina (in the first sense). Etym: [L. stamen the warp, a thread,
fiber, akin to Gr. stand. See Stand, and cf. Stamin, Stamina.]

1. A thread; especially, a warp thread.

2. (pl. Stamens, rarely Stamina.) (Bot.)

Defn: The male organ of flowers for secreting and furnishing the
pollen or fecundating dust. It consists of the anther and filament.

STAMENED
Sta"mened, a.

Defn: Furnished with stamens.

STAMIN
Sta"min, n. Etym: [OF. estamine, F. étamine, LL. staminea, stamineum,
fr. L. stamineus consisting of threads, fr. stamen a thread. See
Stamen, and cf. Stamineous, 2d Stammel, Tamine.]

Defn: A kind of woolen cloth. [Written also stamine.] [Obs.]

STAMINA
Stam"i*na, n. pl.

Defn: See Stamen.

STAMINA
Stam"i*na, n. pl.

1. The fixed, firm part of a body, which supports it or gives it
strength and solidity; as, the bones are the stamina of animal
bodies; the ligneous parts of trees are the stamina which constitute
their strength.

2. Whatever constitutes the principal strength or support of
anything; power of endurance; backbone; vigor; as, the stamina of a
constitution or of life; the stamina of a State.
He succeeded to great captains who had sapped the whole stamina and
resistance of the contest. De Quincey.

STAMINAL
Stam"i*nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. staminal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to stamens or stamina; consisting in stamens.

STAMINATE
Stam"i*nate, a. Etym: [L. staminatus consisting of threads, fr.
stamen thread: cf. F. staminé.] (Bot.)
(a) Furnished with stamens; producing stamens.
(b) Having stamens, but lacking pistils.

STAMINATE
Stam"i*nate, v. t.

Defn: To indue with stamina. [R.]

STAMINEAL; STAMINEOUS
Sta*min"e*al, Sta*min"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. stamineus, from stamen
thread.]

1. Consisting of stamens or threads.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the stamens; possessing stamens; also,
attached to the stamens; as, a stamineous nectary.

STAMINIFEROUS
Stam`i*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Stamen + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing or having stamens.

STAMINODE
Stam"i*node, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A staminodium.

STAMINODIUM
Stam`i*no"di*um, n.; pl. Staminodia. Etym: [NL. See Stamen, and -
oid.] (Bot.)

Defn: An abortive stamen, or any organ modified from an abortive
stamen.

STAMMEL
Stam"mel, n.

Defn: A large, clumsy horse. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

STAMMEL
Stam"mel, n. Etym: [OF. estamel; cf. OF. estamet a coarse woolen
cloth, LL. stameta a kind of cloth, the same as staminea, and OF.
estame a woolen stuff. See Stamin.]

1. A kind of woolen cloth formerly in use. It seems to have been
often of a red color. [Obs.]

2. A red dye, used in England in the 15th and 16th centuries. B.
Jonson.

STAMMEL
Stam"mel, a.

Defn: Of the color of stammel; having a red color, thought inferior
to scarlet.

STAMMER
Stam"mer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stammered; p. pr. & vb. n. Stammering.]
Etym: [OE. stameren, fr. AS. stamur, stamer, stammering; akin to D. &
LG. stameren to stammer, G. stammeln, OHG. stammal, stamm, Dan.
stamme, Sw. stamma, Icel. stama, stamma, OHG. & Dan. stam stammering,
Icel. stamr, Goth. stamms, and to G. stemmen to bear against, stumm
dumb, D. stom. Cf. Stem to resist, Stumble.]

Defn: To make involuntary stops in uttering syllables or words; to
hesitate or falter in speaking; to speak with stops and diffivulty;
to stutter.
I would thou couldst stammer, that thou mightest pour this conclead
man out of thy mouth, as wine comes out of a narrow-mouthed bottle,
either too much at once, or none at all. Shak.

STAMMER
Stam"mer, v. t.

Defn: To utter or pronounce with hesitation or imperfectly; --
sometimes with out.

STAMMER
Stam"mer, n.

Defn: Defective utterance, or involuntary interruption of utterance;
a stutter.

STAMMERER
Stam"mer*er, n.

Defn: One who stammers.

STAMMERING
Stam"mer*ing, a.

Defn: Apt to stammer; hesitating in speech; stuttering.
 -- Stam"mer*ing*ly, adv.

STAMMERING
Stam"mer*ing, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: A disturbance in the formation of sounds. It is due essentially
to long-continued spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm, by which
expiration is preented, and hence it may be considered as a spasmodic
inspiration.

STAMP
Stamp v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stamped; p. pr. & vb. n. Stamping.] Etym:
[OE. stampen; akin to LG. & D. stampen, G. stampfen, OHG. stanpf,
Dan. stampe, Sw. stampa, Icel. stappa, G. stampf a pestle and E.
step. See Step, v. i., and cf. Stampede.]

1. To strike beat, or press forcibly with the bottom of the foot, or
by thrusting the foot downward. Shak.
He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground. Dryden.

2. To bring down (the foot) forcibly on the ground or floor; as, he
stamped his foot with rage.

3. To crush; to pulverize; specifically (Metal.), to crush by the
blow of a heavy stamp, as ore in a mill.
I took your sin, the calf which ye had made, and burnt it with fire,
and stamped it, and ground it very small. Deut. ix. 21.

4. To impress with some mark or figure; as, to stamp a plate with
arms or initials.

5. Fig.: To impress; to imprint; to fix deeply; as, to stamp virtuous
principles on the heart.
God . . . has stamped no original characters on our minds wherein we
may read his being. Locke.

6. To cut out, bend, or indent, as paper, sheet metal, etc., into
various forms, by a blow or suddenly applied pressure with a stamp or
die, etc.; to mint; to coin.

7. To put a stamp on, as for postage; as, to stamp a letter; to stamp
a legal document. To stamp out, to put an end to by sudden and
energetic action; to extinguish; as, to stamp out a rebellion.

STAMP
Stamp, v. i.

1. To strike; to beat; to crush.
These cooks how they stamp and strain and grind. Chaucer.

2. To strike the foot forcibly downward.
But starts, exclaims, and stamps, and raves, and dies. dennis.

STAMP
Stamp, n.

1. The act of stamping, as with the foot.

2. The which stamps; any instrument for making impressions on other
bodies, as a die.
'T is gold so pure It can not bear the stamp without alloy. Dryden.

3. The mark made by stamping; a mark imprinted; an impression.
That sacred name gives ornament and grace, And, like his stamp, makes
basest metals pass. Dryden.

4. that which is marked; a thing stamped.
hanging a golden stamp about their necks. Shak.

5. Etym: [F. estampe, of german origin. See Stamp, v. t.]

Defn: A picture cut in wood or metal, or made by impression; a cut; a
plate. [Obs.]
At Venice they put out very curious stamps of the several edifices
which are most famous for their beauty and magnificence. Addison.

6. An offical mark set upon things chargeable with a duty or tax to
government, as evidence that the duty or tax is paid; as, the stamp
on a bill of exchange.

7. Hence, a stamped or printed device, issued by the government at a
fixed price, and required by law to be affixed to, or stamped on,
certain papers, as evidence that the government dues are paid; as, a
postage stamp; a receipt stamp, etc.

8. An instrument for cutting out, or shaping, materials, as paper,
leather, etc., by a downward pressure.

9. A character or reputation, good or bad, fixed on anything as if by
an imprinted mark; current value; authority; as, these persons have
the stamp of dishonesty; the Scriptures bear the stamp of a divine
origin.
Of the same stamp is that which is obtruded on us, that an adamant
suspends the attraction of the loadstone. Sir T. Browne.

10. Make; cast; form; character; as, a man of the same stamp, or of a
different stamp.
A soldier of this season's stamp. Shak.

11. A kind of heavy hammer, or pestle, raised by water or steam
power, for beating ores to powder; anything like a pestle, used for
pounding or bathing.

12. A half-penny. [Obs.] au. & Fl.

13. pl.

Defn: Money, esp. paper money. [Slang, U.S.] Stamp act, an act of the
British Parliament [1765] imposing a duty on all paper, vellum, and
parchment used in the American colonies, and declaring all writings
on unstamped materials to be null an void.
 -- Stamp collector, an officer who receives or collects stamp
duties; one who collects postage or other stamps.
 -- Stamp duty, a duty, or tax, imposed on paper and parchment used
for certain writings, as deeds, conveyances, etc., the evidence of
the payment of the duty or tax being a stamp. [Eng.] -- Stamp hammer,
a hammer, worked by power, which rises and falls vertically, like a
stamp in a stamp mill.
 -- Stamp head, a heavy mass of metal, forming the head or lower end
of a bar, which is lifted and let fall, in a stamp mill.
 -- Stamp mill (Mining), a mill in which ore is crushed with stamps;
also, a machine for stamping ore.
 -- Stamp note, a stamped certificate from a customhouse officer,
which allows goods to be received by the captain of a ship as
freight. [Eng.] -- Stamp office, an office for the issue of stamps
and the reception of stamp duties.

STAMPEDE
Stam*pede", n. Etym: [Sp. estampida (in America) a stampede,
estampido a crackling, akin to estampar to stamp, of German origin.
See Stamp, v. t.]

Defn: A wild, headlong scamper, or running away, of a number of
animals; usually caused by fright; hence, any sudden flight or
dispersion, as of a crowd or an army in consequence of a panic.
She and her husband would join in the general stampede. W. Black.

STAMPEDE
Stam*pede", v. i.

Defn: To run away in a panic; -- said droves of cattle, horses, etc.,
also of armies.

STAMPEDE
Stam*pede", v. t.

Defn: To disperse by causing sudden fright, as a herd or drove of
animals.

STAMPER
Stamp"er, n.

1. One who stamps.

2. An instrument for pounding or stamping.

STAMPING
Stamp"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Stamp, v. Stamping ground, a place frequented, and much
trodden, by animals, wild or domesticated; hence (Colloq.), the scene
of one's labors or exploits; also, one's favorite resort. [U.S.] --
Stamping machine, a machine for forming metallic articles or
impressions by stamping.
 -- Stamping mill (Mining), a stamp mill.

STANCE
Stance, n. Etym: [OF. estance. See Stanza.]

1. A stanza. [Obs.] Chapman.

2. A station; a position; a site. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

STANCH
Stanch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stanched; p. pr. & vb. n. Stanching.]
Etym: [OF. estanchier, F. étancher to stpo a liquid from flowing;
akin to Pr., Sp., & Pg. estancar, It. stancare to weary, LL.
stancare, stagnare, to stanch, fr. L. stagnare to be or make
stagnant. See Stagnate.]

1. To stop the flowing of, as blood; to check; also, to stop the
flowing of blood from; as, to stanch a wound. [Written also staunch.]
Iron or a stone laid to the neck doth stanch the bleeding of the
nose. Bacon.

2. To extinguish; to quench, as fire or thirst. [Obs.]

STANCH
Stanch, v. i.

Defn: To cease, as the flowing of blood.
Immediately her issue of blood stanched. Luke viii. 44.

STANCH
Stanch, n.

1. That which stanches or checks. [Obs.]

2. A flood gate by which water is accumulated, for floating a boat
over a shallow part of a stream by its release. Knight.

STANCH
Stanch, a. [Compar. Stancher; superl. Stanchest.] Etym: [From Stanch,
v. t., and hence literally signifying, stopped or stayed; cf. Sp.
estanco stopped, tight, not leaky, as a ship. See Stanch, v. t.]
[Written also staunch.]

1. Strong and tight; sound; firm; as, a stanch ship.
One of the closets is parqueted with plain deal, set in diamond,
exceeding stanch and pretty. Evelyn.

2. Firm in principle; constant and zealous; loyal; hearty; steady;
steadfast; as, a stanch churchman; a stanch friend or adherent. V.
Knox.
In politics I hear you 're stanch. Prior.

3. Close; secret; private. [Obs.]
This to be kept stanch. Locke.

STANCH
Stanch, v. t.

Defn: To prop; to make stanch, or strong.
His gathered sticks to stanch the wall Of the snow tower when snow
should fall. Emerson.

STANCHEL
Stan"chel, n.

Defn: A stanchion.

STANCHER
Stanch"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, stanches, or stops, the flowing, as of
blood.

STANCHION
Stan"chion, n. Etym: [OF. estanson, estançon, F. étançon, from OF.
estance a stay, a prop, from L. stans, stantis, standing, p.pr. of
stare to stand. See Stand, and cf. Stanza.] [Written also stanchel.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A prop or support; a piece of timber in the form of a stake or
post, used for a support or stay.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Any upright post or beam used as a support, as for the deck,
the quarter rails, awnings, etc.

3. A vertical bar for confining cattle in a stall.

STANCHLESS
Stanch"less, a.

1. Incapable of being stanched, or stopped.

2. Unquenchable; insatiable. [Obs.] Shak.

STANCHLY
Stanch"ly, adv.

Defn: In a stanch manner.

STANCHNESS
Stanch"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being stanch.

STAND
Stand, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stood; p. pr. & vb. n. Standing.] Etym:
[OE. standen; AS. standan; akin to OFries. stonda, stan, D. staan,
OS. standan, stan, G. stehen, Icel. standa, Dan. staae, Sw. stå,
Goth. standan, Russ. stoiate, L. stare, Gr. stha. *163. Cf. Assist,
Constant, Contrast, Desist, Destine, Ecstasy, Exist, Interstice,
Obstacle, Obstinate, Prest, n., Rest remainder, Soltice, Stable, a. &
n., State, n., Statute, Stead, Steed, Stool, Stud of horses,
Substance, System.]

1. To be at rest in an erect position; to be fixed in an upright or
firm position; as:
(a) To be supported on the feet, in an erect or nearly erect
position; -- opposed to lie, sit, kneel, etc. "I pray you all, stand
up!" Shak.
(b) To continue upright in a certain locality, as a tree fixed by the
roots, or a building resting on its foundation.
It stands as it were to the ground yglued. Chaucer.
The ruined wall Stands when its wind worn battlements are gone.
Byron.

2. To occupy or hold a place; to have a situation; to be situated or
located; as, Paris stands on the Seine.
Wite ye not where there stands a little town Chaucer.

3. To cease from progress; not to proceed; to stop; to pause; to
halt; to remain stationary.
I charge thee, stand, And tell thy name. Dryden.
The star, which they saw in the east, went before them, till it came
and stood over where the young child was. Matt. ii. 9.

4. To remain without ruin or injury; to hold good against tendencies
to impair or injure; to be permanent; to endure; to last; hence, to
find endurance, strength, or resources.
My mind on its own center stands unmoved. Dryden.

5. To maintain one's ground; to be acquitted; not to fail or yield;
to be safe.
Readers by whose judgment I would stand or fall. Spectator.

6. To maintain an invincible or permanent attitude; to be fixed,
steady, or firm; to take a position in resistance or opposition. "The
standing pattern of their imitation." South.
The king granted the Jews . . . to gather themselves together, and to
stand for their life. Esther viii. 11.

7. To adhere to fixed principles; to maintain moral rectitude; to
keep from falling into error or vice.
We must labor so as to stand with godliness, according to his
appointment. Latimer.

8. To have or maintain a position, order, or rank; to be in a
particular relation; as, Christian charity, or love, stands first in
the rank of gifts.

9. To be in some particular state; to have essence or being; to be;
to consist. "Sacrifices . . . which stood only in meats and drinks."
Heb. ix. 10.
Accomplish what your signs foreshow; I stand resigned, and am
prepared to go. Dryden.
Thou seest how it stands with me, and that I may not tarry. Sir W.
Scott.

10. To be consistent; to agree; to accord.
Doubt me not; by heaven, I will do nothing But what may stand with
honor. Massinger.

11. (Naut.)

Defn: To hold a course at sea; as, to stand from the shore; to stand
for the harbor.
From the same parts of heaven his navy stands. Dryden.

12. To offer one's self, or to be offered, as a candidate.
He stood to be elected one of the proctors of the university. Walton.

13. To stagnate; not to flow; to be motionless.
Or the black water of Pomptina stands. Dryden.

14. To measure when erect on the feet.
Six feet two, as I think, he stands. Tennyson.

15. (Law)
(a) To be or remain as it is; to continue in force; to have efficacy
or validity; to abide. Bouvier.
(b) To appear in court. Burrill. Stand by (Naut.), a preparatory
order, equivalent to Be ready.
 -- To stand against, to opposite; to resist.
 -- To stand by. (a) To be near; to be a spectator; to be present.
(b) To be aside; to be aside with disregard. "In the interim [we] let
the commands stand by neglected." Dr. H. More. (c) To maintain; to
defend; to support; not to desert; as, to stand by one's principles
or party. (d) To rest on for support; to be supported by. Whitgift.
 -- To stand corrected, to be set right, as after an error in a
statement of fact. Wycherley.
 -- To stand fast, to be fixed; to be unshaken or immovable.
 -- To stand firmly on, to be satisfied or convinced of. "Though Page
be a secure fool, and stands so firmly on his wife's frailty." Shak.
 -- To stand for. (a) To side with; to espouse the cause of; to
support; to maintain, or to profess or attempt to maintain; to
defend. "I stand wholly for you." Shak. (b) To be in the place of; to
be the substitute or to represent; as, a cipher at the left hand of a
figure stands for nothing. "I will not trouble myself, whether these
names stand for the same thing, or really include one another."
Locke.
 -- To stand in, to cost. "The same standeth them in much less cost."
Robynson (More's Utopia).
The Punic wars could not have stood the human race in less than three
millions of the species. Burke.
-- To stand in hand, to conduce to one's interest; to be serviceable
or advantageous.
 -- To stand off. (a) To keep at a distance. (b) Not to comply. (c)
To keep at a distance in friendship, social intercourse, or
acquaintance. (d) To appear prominent; to have relief. "Picture is
best when it standeth off, as if it were carved." Sir H. Wotton.
 -- To stand off and on (Naut.), to remain near a coast by sailing
toward land and then from it.
 -- To stand on (Naut.), to continue on the same tack or course.
 -- To stand out. (a) To project; to be prominent. "Their eyes stand
out with fatness." Psalm lxxiii. 7. (b) To persist in opposition or
resistance; not to yield or comply; not to give way or recede.
His spirit is come in, That so stood out against the holy church.
Shak.
-- To stand to. (a) To ply; to urge; to persevere in using. "Stand to
your tackles, mates, and stretch your oars." Dryden. (b) To remain
fixed in a purpose or opinion. "I will stand to it, that this is his
sense." Bp. Stillingfleet. (c) To abide by; to adhere to; as to a
contrast, assertion, promise, etc.; as, to stand to an award; to
stand to one's word. (d) Not to yield; not to fly; to maintain, as
one's ground. "Their lives and fortunes were put in safety, whether
they stood to it or ran away." Bacon. (e) To be consistent with; to
agree with; as, it stands to reason that he could not have done so.
(f) To support; to uphold. "Stand to me in this cause." Shak.
 -- To stand together, to be consistent; to agree.
 -- To stand to sea (Naut.), to direct the course from land.
 -- To stand under, to undergo; to withstand. Shak.
 -- To stand up. (a) To rise from sitting; to be on the feet. (b) To
arise in order to speak or act. "Against whom, when the accusers
stood up, they brought none accusation of such things as I supposed."
Acts xxv. 18. (c) To rise and stand on end, as the hair. (d) To put
one's self in opposition; to contend. "Once we stood up about the
corn." Shak.
 -- To stand up for, to defend; to justify; to support, or attempt to
support; as, to stand up for the administration.
 -- To stand upon. (a) To concern; to interest. (b) To value; to
esteem. "We highly esteem and stand much upon our birth." Ray. (c) To
insist on; to attach much importance to; as, to stand upon security;
to stand upon ceremony. (d) To attack; to assault. [A Hebraism] "So I
stood upon him, and slew him." 2 Sam. i. 10.
 -- To stand with, to be consistent with. "It stands with reason that
they should be rewarded liberally." Sir J. Davies.

STAND
Stand, v. t.

1. To endure; to sustain; to bear; as, I can not stand the cold or
the heat.

2. To resist, without yielding or receding; to withstand. "Love stood
the siege." Dryden.
He stood the furious foe. Pope.

3. To abide by; to submit to; to suffer.
Bid him disband his legions, . . . And stand the judgment of a Roman
senate. Addison.

4. To set upright; to cause to stand; as, to stand a book on the
shelf; to stand a man on his feet.

5. To be at the expense of; to pay for; as, to stand a treat.
[Colloq.] Tackeray. To stand fire, to receive the fire of arms from
an enemy without giving way.
 -- To stand one's ground, to keep the ground or station one has
taken; to maintain one's position. "Pleasants and burghers, however
brave, are unable to stand their ground against veteran soldiers."
Macaulay.
 -- To stand trial, to sustain the trial or examination of a cause;
not to give up without trial.

STAND
Stand, n. Etym: [As. stand. See Stand, v. i.]

1. The act of standing.
I took my stand upon an eminence . . . to look into thier several
ladings. Spectator.

2. A halt or stop for the purpose of defense, resistance, or
opposition; as, to come to, or to make, a stand.
Vice is at stand, and at the highest flow. Dryden.

3. A place or post where one stands; a place where one may stand
while observing or waiting for something.
I have found you out a stand most fit, Where you may have such
vantage on the duke, He shall not pass you. Shak.

4. A station in a city or town where carriages or wagons stand for
hire; as, a cab stand. Dickens.

5. A raised platform or station where a race or other outdoor
spectacle may be viewed; as, the judge's or the grand stand at a race
course.

6. A small table; also, something on or in which anything may be
laid, hung, or placed upright; as, a hat stand; an umbrella stand; a
music stand.

7. A place where a witness stands to testify in court.

8. The situation of a shop, store, hotel, etc.; as, a good, bad, or
convenient stand for business. [U. S.]

9. Rank; post; station; standing.
Father, since your fortune did attain So high a stand, I mean not to
descend. Daniel.

10. A state of perplexity or embarrassment; as, to be at a stand what
to do. L'Estrange.

11. A young tree, usually reserved when other trees are cut; also, a
tree growing or standing upon its own root, in distinction from one
produced from a scion set in a stock, either of the same or another
kind of tree.

12. (Com.)

Defn: A weight of from two hundred and fifty to three hundred pounds,
-- used in weighing pitch. Microscope stand, the instrument,
excepting the eyepiece, objective, and other removable optical parts.
 -- Stand of ammunition, the projectile, cartridge, and sabot
connected together.
 -- Stand of arms. (Mil.) See under Arms.
 -- Stand of colors (Mil.), a single color, or flag. Wilhelm (Mil.
Dict.) -- To be at a stand, to be stationary or motionless; to be at
a standstill; hence, to be perplexed; to be embarrassed.
 -- To make a stand, to halt for the purpose of offering resistance
to a pursuing enemy.

Syn.
 -- Stop; halt; rest; interruption; obstruction; perplexity;
difficulty; embarrassment; hesitation.

STANDAGE
Stand"age, n. (Mining)

Defn: A reservior in which water accumulates at the bottom of a mine.

STANDARD
Stand"ard, n. Etym: [OF. estendart, F. étendard, probably fr. L.
extendere to spread out, extend, but influenced by E. stand. See
Extend.]

1. A flag; colors; a banner; especially, a national or other ensign.
His armies, in the following day, On those fair plains their
standards proud display. Fairfax.

2. That which is established by authority as a rule for the measure
of quantity, extent, value, or quality; esp., the original specimen
weight or measure sanctioned by government, as the standard pound,
gallon, or yard.

3. That which is established as a rule or model by authority, custom,
or general consent; criterion; test.
The court, which used to be the standard of property and correctness
of speech. Swift.
A disposition to preserve, and an ability to improve, taken together,
would be my standard of a statesman. Burke.

4. (Coinage)

Defn: The proportion of weights of fine metal and alloy established
by authority.
By the present standard of the coinage, sixty-two shillings is coined
out of one pound weight of silver. Arbuthnot.

5. (Hort.)

Defn: A tree of natural size supported by its own stem, and not
dwarfed by grafting on the stock of a smaller species nor trained
upon a wall or trellis.
In France part of their gardens is laid out for flowers, others for
fruits; some standards, some against walls. Sir W. Temple.

6. (Bot.)

Defn: The upper petal or banner of a papilionaceous corolla.

7. (Mech. & Carp.)

Defn: An upright support, as one of the poles of a scaffold; any
upright in framing.

8. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: An inverted knee timber placed upon the deck instead of beneath
it, with its vertical branch turned upward from that which lies
horizontally.

9. The sheth of a plow.

10. A large drinking cup. Greene. Standard bearer, an officer of an
army, company, or troop, who bears a standard; -- commonly called
color sergeantor color bearer; hence, the leader of any organization;
as, the standard bearer of a political party.

STANDARD
Stand"ard, a.

1. Being, affording, or according with, a standard for comparison and
judgment; as, standard time; standard weights and measures; a
standard authority as to nautical terms; standard gold or silver.

2. Hence: Having a recognized and permanent value; as, standard works
in history; standard authors.

3. (Hort.)
(a) Not supported by, or fastened to, a wall; as, standard fruit
trees.
(b) Not of the dwarf kind; as, a standard pear tree. Standard candle,
Standard gauge. See under Candle, and Gauge.
 -- Standard solution. (Chem.) See Standardized solution, under
Solution.

STANDARD-BRED
Stand"ard-bred`, a.

Defn: Bred in conformity to a standard. Specif., applied to a
registered trotting horse which comes up to the standard adopted by
the National Association of Trotting-horse Breeders. [U. S.]

STANDARDIZE
Stand"ard*ize, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To reduce to a normal standard; to calculate or adjust the
strength of, by means of, and for uses in, analysis.

STANDARD-WING
Stand"ard-wing`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A curious paradise bird (Semioptera Wallacii) which has two
long special feathers standing erect on each wing.

STAND-BY
Stand"-by`, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, stands by one in need; something upon
which one relies for constant use or in an emergency.

STANDEL
Stand"el, n.

Defn: A young tree, especially one reserved when others are cut.
[Obs.] Fuller.

STANDER
Stand"er, n.

1. One who stands.

2. Same as Standel. [Obs.] Ascham.

STANDERATH; STANDERAT
Stän"de*rath`, or Stän"de*rat`, n. [G.] (Switzerland)

Defn: See Legislature, above.

STANDER-BY
Stand"er-by`, n.

Defn: One who stands near; one who is present; a bystander.

STANDERGRASS
Stand"er*grass`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Orchis mascula); -- called also standerwort, and long
purple. See Long purple, under Long.

STANDGALE
Stand"gale`, n.

Defn: See Stannel. [Prov. Eng.]

STANDING
Stand"ing, a.

1. Remaining erect; not cut down; as, standing corn.

2. Not flowing; stagnant; as, standing water.

3. Not transitory; not liable to fade or vanish; lasting; as, a
standing color.

4. Established by law, custom, or the like; settled; continually
existing; permanent; not temporary; as, a standing army; legislative
bodies have standing rules of proceeding and standing committees.

5. Not movable; fixed; as, a standing bed (distinguished from a
trundle-bed). Standing army. See Standing army, under Army.
 -- Standing bolt. See Stud bolt, under Stud, a stem.
 -- Standing committee, in legislative bodies, etc., a committee
appointed for the consideration of all subjects of a particular class
which shall arise during the session or a stated period.
 -- Standing cup, a tall goblet, with a foot and a cover.
 -- Standing finish (Arch.), that part of the interior fittings, esp.
of a dwelling house, which is permanent and fixed in its place, as
distinguished from doors, sashes, etc.
 -- Standing order (Eccl.), the denomination (Congregiational)
established by law; -- a term formerly used in Connecticut. See also
under Order.
 -- Standing part. (Naut.) (a) That part of a tackle which is made
fast to a block, point, or other object. (b) That part of a rope
around which turns are taken with the running part in making a knot
of the like.
 -- Standing rigging (Naut.), the cordage or rope which sustain the
masts and remain fixed in their position, as the shrouds and stays, -
- distinguished from running rigging.

STANDING
Stand"ing, n.

1. The act of stopping, or coming to a stand; the state of being
erect upon the feet; stand.

2. Maintenance of position; duration; duration or existence in the
same place or condition; continuance; as, a custom of long standing;
an officer of long standing.
An ancient thing of long standing. Bunyan.

3. Place to stand in; station; stand.
I will provide you a good standing to see his entry. Bacon.
I think in deep mire, where there is no standing. Ps. lxix. 2.

4. Condition in society; relative position; reputation; rank; as, a
man of good standing, or of high standing. Standing off (Naut.),
sailing from the land.
 -- Standing on (Naut.), sailing toward land.

STANDISH
Stand"ish, n. Etym: [Stand + dish.]

Defn: A stand, or case, for pen and ink.
I bequeath to Dean Swift, Esq., my large silver standish. Swift.

STANDPIPE
Stand"pipe`, n.

1. (Engin.)

Defn: A vertical pipe, open at the top, between a hydrant and a
reservoir, to equalize the flow of water; also, a large vertical
pipe, near a pumping engine, into which water is forced up, so as to
give it sufficient head to rise to the required level at a distance.

2. (Steam Boiler)

Defn: A supply pipe of sufficient elevation to enable the water to
flow into the boiler, notwithstanding the pressure of the steam.
Knight.

STANDPOINT
Stand"point`, n. Etym: [Cf. G. standpunkt.]

Defn: A fixed point or station; a basis or fundamental principle; a
position from which objects or principles are viewed, and according
to which they are compared and judged.

STANDSTILL
Stand"still`, n.

Defn: A standing without moving forward or backward; a stop; a state
or rest.

STANE
Stane, n.

Defn: A stone. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

STANG
Stang,

Defn: imp. of Sting. [Archaic]

STANG
Stang, n. Etym: [OE. stange, of Scand. or Dutch origin; cf. Icel.
stöng, akin to Dan. stang, Sw. stång, D. stang, G. stange, OHG.
stanga, AS. steng; from the root of E. sting.]

1. A long bar; a pole; a shaft; a stake.

2. In land measure, a pole, rod, or perch. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Swift. Stang ball, a projectile consisting of two half balls united
by a bar; a bar shot. See Illust. of Bar shot, under Bar.
 -- To ride the stang, to be carried on a pole on men's shoulders.
This method of punishing wife beaters, etc., was once in vogue in
some parts of England.

STANG
Stang, v. i. Etym: [Akin to sting; cf. Icel. stanga to prick, to
goad.]

Defn: To shoot with pain. [Prov. Eng.]

STANHOPE
Stan"hope, n.

Defn: A light two-wheeled, or sometimes four-wheeled, carriage,
without a top; -- so called from Lord Stanhope, for whom it was
contrived.

STANIEL
Stan"iel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Stannel.

STANIELRY
Stan"iel*ry, n.

Defn: Hawking with staniels, -- a base kind of falconry. [Obs.]

STANK
Stank, a. Etym: [OF. estanc, or It. stanco. See Stanch, a.]

Defn: Weak; worn out. [Obs.] Spenser.

STANK
Stank, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Sw. stånka to pant. *165.]

Defn: To sigh. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

STANK
Stank, imp. of Stink.

Defn: Stunk.

STANK
Stank, n. Etym: [OF. estang, F. étang, from L. stagnum a pool. Cf.
Stagnate, Tank a cistern.]

1. Water retained by an embankment; a pool water. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.] Robert of Brunne.

2. A dam or mound to stop water. [Prov. Eng.] Stank hen (Zoöl.), the
moor hen; -- called also stankie. [Prov. Eng.]

STANNARY
Stan"na*ry, a. Etym: [L. stannum tin, an alloy of silver and lead.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to tin mines, or tin works.
The stannary courts of Devonshire and Cornwall, for the
administration of justice among the tinners therein, are also courts
of record. Blackstone.

STANNARY
Stan"na*ry, n.; pl. Stannaries. Etym: [LL. stannaria.]

Defn: A tin mine; tin works. Bp. Hall.

STANNATE
Stan"nate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. stannate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of stannic acid.

STANNEL
Stan"nel, n. Etym: [AS. stangella, stangilla; properly, stone yeller,
i.e., a bird that yells from the rocks. See Stone, and Yell, and cf.
Stonegall.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The kestrel; -- called also standgale, standgall, stanchel,
stand hawk, stannel hawk, steingale, stonegall. [Written also
staniel, stannyel, and stanyel.]
With what wing the staniel checks at it. Shak.

STANNIC
Stan"nic, a. Etym: [L. stannum tin: cf. F. stannique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to tin; derived from or containing tin;
specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a
higher valence as contrasted with stannous compounds. Stannic acid.
(a) A hypothetical substance, Sn(OH)4, analogous to silic acid, and
called also normal stannic acid. (b) Metastannic acid.
 -- Stannic chloride, a thin, colorless, fuming liquid, SnCl4, used
as a mordant in calico printing and dyeing; -- formerly called spirit
of tin, or fuming liquor of Libavius.
 -- Stannic oxide, tin oxide, SnO2, produced artificially as a white
amorphous powder, and occurring naturally in the mineral cassiterite.
It is used in the manufacture of white enamels, and, under the name
of putty powder, for polishing glass, etc.

STANNIFEROUS
Stan*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. stannum tin + -ferous.]

Defn: Containing or affording tin.

STANNINE; STANNITE
Stan"nine, Stan"nite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a steel

STANNO-
Stan"no-. Etym: [L. stannum tin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting relation to,
or connection with, tin, or including tin as an ingredient.

STANNOFLUORIDE
Stan`no*flu"or*ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of double fluorides of tin (stannum) and
some other element.

STANNOSO-
Stan*no"so-, a. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting relation to,
or connection with, certain stannnous compounds.

STANNOTYPE
Stan"no*type, n. Etym: [Stanno- + -type.] (Photog.)

Defn: A photograph taken upon a tin plate; a tintype.

STANNOUS
Stan"nous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, tin; specifically, designating
those compounds in which the element has a lower valence as
contrasted with stannic compounds. Stannous chloride (Chem.), a white
crystalline substance, SnCl2.(H2O)2, obtained by dissolving tin in
hydrochloric acid. It is used as a mordant in dyeing.

STANNUM
Stan"num, n. Etym: [L., alloy of silver and lead; later, tin.]
(Chem.)

Defn: The technical name of tin. See Tin.

STANNYEL; STANYEL
Stann"yel, Stan"yel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Stannel.

STANT; STONT
Stant, Stont, obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Stand, for standeth.

Defn: Stands. Chaucer.

STANZA
Stan"za, n.; pl. Stanzas. Etym: [It. stanza a room, habitation, a
stanza, i. e., a stop, fr. L. stans, p.pr. of stare to stand. See
Stand, and cf. Estancia, Stance, Stanchion.]

1. A number of lines or verses forming a division of a song or poem,
and agreeing in meter, rhyme, number of lines, etc., with other
divisions; a part of a poem, ordinarily containing every variation of
measure in that poem; a combination or arrangement of lines usually
recurring; whether like or unlike, in measure.
Horace confines himself strictly to one sort of verse, or stanza, in
every ode. Dryden.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An apartment or division in a building; a room or chamber.

STANZAIC
Stan*za"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, stanzas; as, a couplet in
stanzaic form.

STAPEDIAL
Sta*pe"di*al, a. Etym: [LL. stapes stirrup.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to stapes.

STAPELIA
Sta*pe"li*a, n. Etym: [NL. So named after John Bodæus a Stapel, a
physician of Amsterdam.] (Bot.)

Defn: An extensive and curious genus of African plants of the natural
order Asclepiadaceæ (Milkweed family). They are succulent plants
without leaves, frequently covered with dark tubercles giving them a
very grotesque appearance. The odor of the blossoms is like that of
carrion.

STAPES
Sta"pes, n. Etym: [LL., a stirrup.] (Anat.)

Defn: The innermost of the ossicles of the ear; the stirrup, or
stirrup bone; -- so called from its form. See Illust. of Ear.

STAPHYLINE
Staph"y*line, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the uvula or the palate.

STAPHYLINID
Staph`y*li"nid, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any rove beetle.

STAPHYLOMA
Staph`y*lo"ma, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A protrusion of any part of the globe of the eye; as, a
staphyloma of the cornea.

STAPHYLOMATOUS
Staph`y*lo"ma*tous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to staphyloma; affected with staphyloma.

STAPHYLOPLASTY
Staph"y*lo*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Gr. -plasty.] (Surg.)

Defn: The operation for restoring or replacing the soft palate when
it has been lost. Dunglison.
 -- Staph`y*lo*plas"tic, a.

STAPHYLORAPHY; STAPHYLORRHAPHY
Staph`y*lor"a*phy, Staph`y*lor"rha*phy, n. Etym: [Gr.
staphylorraphie.]

Defn: The operation of uniting a cleft palate, consisting in paring
and bringing together the edges of the cleft.
 -- Staph`y*lo*raph"ic, Staph`y*lor*rhaph"ic, a.

STAPHYLOTOMY
Staph`y*lot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of removing a staphyloma by cutting.

STAPLE
Sta"ple, n. Etym: [AS. stapul, stapol, stapel, a step, a prop, post,
table, fr. stapan to step, go, raise; akin to D. stapel a pile,
stocks, emporium, G. stapela heap, mart, stake, staffel step of a
ladder, Sw. stapel, Dan. stabel, and E. step cf. OF. estaple a mart,
F. étape. See Step.]

1. A settled mart; an emporium; a city or town to which merchants
brought commodities for sale or exportation in bulk; a place for
wholesale traffic.
The customs of Alexandria were very great, it having been the staple
of the Indian trade. Arbuthnot.
For the increase of trade and the encouragement of the worthy
burgesses of Woodstock, her majesty was minded to erect the town into
a staple for wool. Sir W. Scott.

Note: In England, formerly, the king's staple was established in
certain ports or towns, and certain goods could not be exported
without being first brought to these places to be rated and charged
with the duty payable of the king or the public. The principal
commodities on which customs were lived were wool, skins, and
leather; and these were originally the staple commodities.

2. Hence: Place of supply; source; fountain head.
Whitehall naturally became the chief staple of news. Whenever there
was a rumor that any thing important had happened or was about to
happen, people hastened thither to obtain intelligence from the
fountain head. Macaulay.

3. The principal commodity of traffic in a market; a principal
commodity or production of a country or district; as, wheat, maize,
and cotton are great staples of the United States.
We should now say, Cotton is the great staple, that is, the
established merchandize, of Manchester. Trench.

4. The principal constituent in anything; chief item.

5. Unmanufactured material; raw material.

6. The fiber of wool, cotton, flax, or the like; as, a coarse staple;
a fine staple; a long or short staple.

7. A loop of iron, or a bar or wire, bent and formed with two points
to be driven into wood, to hold a hook, pin, or the like.

8. (Mining)
(a) A shaft, smaller and shorter than the principal one, joining
different levels.
(b) A small pit.

9. A district granted to an abbey. [Obs.] Camden.

STAPLE
Sta"ple, a.

1. Pertaining to, or being market of staple for, commodities; as, a
staple town. [R.]

2. Established in commerce; occupying the markets; settled; as, a
staple trade. Dryden.

3. Fit to be sold; marketable. [R.] Swift.

4. Regularly produced or manufactured in large quantities; belonging
to wholesale traffic; principal; chief.
Wool, the great staple commodity of England. H

STAPLE
Sta"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. stapled; p. pr. & vb. n. stapling.]

Defn: To sort according to its staple; as, to staple cotton.

STAPLER
Sta"pler, n.

1. A dealer in staple goods.

2. One employed to assort wool according to its staple.

STAR
Star, n. Etym: [OE. sterre, AS. steorra; akin to OFries. stera, OS.
sterro, D. ster, OHG. sterno, sterro, G. stern, Icel. stjarna, Sw.
stjerna, Dan. stierne, Goth. staírno, Armor. & Corn. stern, L.
stella, Gr. star; perhaps from a root meaning, to seater, Skr. st, L.
sternere (cf. Stratum), and originally applied to the stars as
beingstrewn over the sky, or as beingscatterers or spreaders of
light. *296. Cf. Aster, Asteroid, Constellation, Disaster, Stellar.]

1. One of the innumerable luminous bodies seen in the heavens; any
heavenly body other than the sun, moon, comets, and nebulæ.
His eyen twinkled in his head aright, As do the stars in the frosty
night. Chaucer.

Note: The stars are distinguished as planets, and fixed stars. See
Planet, Fixed stars under Fixed, and Magnitude of a star under
Magnitude.

2. The polestar; the north star. Shak.

3. (Astrol.)

Defn: A planet supposed to influence one's destiny; (usually pl.) a
configuration of the planets, supposed to influence fortune.
O malignant and ill-brooding stars. Shak.
Blesses his stars, and thinks it luxury. Addison.

4. That which resembles the figure of a star, as an ornament worn on
the breast to indicate rank or honor.
On whom . . . Lavish Honor showered all her stars. Tennyson.

5. Specifically, a radiated mark in writing or printing; an asterisk
[thus, *]; -- used as a reference to a note, or to fill a blank where
something is omitted, etc.

6. (Pyrotechny)

Defn: A composition of combustible matter used in the heading of
rockets, in mines, etc., which, exploding of a air, presents a
starlike appearance.

7. A person of brilliant and attractive qualities, especially on
public occasions, as a distinguished orator, a leading theatrical
performer, etc.

Note: Star is used in the formation of compound words generally or
obvious signification: as, star-aspiring, star-bespangled, star-
bestudded, star-blasting, star-bright, star-crowned, star-directed,
star-eyed, star-headed, star-paved, star-roofed; star-sprinkled,
star-wreathed.

Blazing star, Double star, Multiple star, Shooting star, etc. See
under Blazing, Double, etc.
 -- Nebulous star (Astron.), a small well-defined circular nebula,
having a bright nucleus at its center like a star.
 -- Star anise (Bot.), any plant of the genus Illicium; -- so called
from its star-shaped capsules.
 -- Star apple (Bot.), a tropical American tree (Chrysophyllum
Cainito), having a milky juice and oblong leaves with a silky-golden
pubescence beneath. It bears an applelike fruit, the carpels of which
present a starlike figure when cut across. The name is extended to
the whole genus of about sixty species, and the natural order
(Sapotaceæ) to which it belongs is called the Star-apple family.
 -- Star conner, one who cons, or studies, the stars; an astronomer
or an astrologer. Gascoigne.
 -- Star coral (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of stony corals
belonging to Astræa, Orbicella, and allied genera, in which the
calicles are round or polygonal and contain conspicuous radiating
septa.
 -- Star cucumber. (Bot.) See under Cucumber.
 -- Star flower. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Ornithogalum; star-
of-Bethlehem. (b) See Starwort (b). (c) An American plant of the
genus Trientalis (Trientalis Americana). Gray.
 -- Star fort (Fort.), a fort surrounded on the exterior with
projecting angles; -- whence the name.
 -- Star gauge (Ordnance), a long rod, with adjustable points
projecting radially at its end, for measuring the size of different
parts of the bore of a gun.
 -- Star grass. (Bot.) (a) A small grasslike plant (Hypoxis erecta)
having star-shaped yellow flowers. (b) The colicroot. See Colicroot.
 -- Star hyacinth (Bot.), a bulbous plant of the genus Scilla (S.
autumnalis); -- called also star-headed hyacinth.
 -- Star jelly (Bot.), any one of several gelatinous plants (Nostoc
commune, N. edule, etc.). See Nostoc.
 -- Star lizard. (Zoöl.) Same as Stellion.
 -- Star-of-Bethlehem (Bot.), a bulbous liliaceous plant
(Ornithogalum umbellatum) having a small white starlike flower.
 -- Star-of-the-earth (Bot.), a plant of the genus Plantago (P.
coronopus), growing upon the seashore.
 -- Star polygon (Geom.), a polygon whose sides cut each other so as
to form a star-shaped figure.
 -- Stars and Stripes, a popular name for the flag of the United
States, which consists of thirteen horizontal stripes, alternately
red and white, and a union having, in a blue field, white stars to
represent the several States, one for each.
With the old flag, the true American flag, the Eagle, and the Stars
and Stripes, waving over the chamber in which we sit. D. Webster.
-- Star showers. See Shooting star, under Shooting.
 -- Star thistle (Bot.), an annual composite plant (Centaurea
solstitialis) having the involucre armed with radiating spines.
 -- Star wheel (Mach.), a star-shaped disk, used as a kind of ratchet
wheel, in repeating watches and the feed motions of some machines.
 -- Star worm (Zoöl.), a gephyrean.
 -- Temporary star (Astron.), a star which appears suddenly, shines
for a period, and then nearly or quite disappears. These stars are
supposed by some astronometers to be variable stars of long and
undetermined periods.
 -- Variable star (Astron.), a star whose brilliancy varies
periodically, generally with regularity, but sometimes irregularly; -
- called periodical star when its changes occur at fixed periods.
 -- Water star grass (Bot.), an aquatic plant (Schollera graminea)
with small yellow starlike blossoms.

STAR
Star, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Starred; p. pr. & vb. n. Starring.]

Defn: To set or adorn with stars, or bright, radiating bodies; to
bespangle; as, a robe starred with gems. "A sable curtain starred
with gold." Young.

STAR
Star, v. i.

Defn: To be bright, or attract attention, as a star; to shine like a
star; to be brilliant or prominent; to play a part as a theatrical
star. W. Irving.

STAR-BLIND
Star"-blind`, a.

Defn: Half blind.

STARBOARD
Star"board`, n. Etym: [OE. sterbord, AS. steórbord, i.e., steer
board. See Steer, v. t., Board of a vessel, and cf. Larboard.]
(Naut.)

Defn: That side of a vessel which is one of the right hand of a
person who stands on board facing the bow; -- opposed to Ant:
larboard, or Ant: port.

STARBOARD
Star"board`, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Pertaining to the right-hand side of a ship; being or lying on
the right side; as, the starboard quarter; starboard tack.

STARBOARD
Star"board`, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To put to the right, or starboard, side of a vessel; as, to
starboard the helm.

STAR-BOWLINES
Star-"bow`lines, n. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: The men in the starboard watch. [Obs.] R. H. Dana, Jr.

STARCH
Starch, a. Etym: [AS. stearc stark, strong, rough. See Stark.]

Defn: Stiff; precise; rigid. [R.] Killingbeck.

STARCH
Starch, n. Etym: [From starch stiff, cf. G. stärke, fr. stark
strong.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A widely diffused vegetable substance found especially in
seeds, bulbs, and tubers, and extracted (as from potatoes, corn,
rice, etc.) as a white, glistening, granular or powdery substance,
without taste or smell, and giving a very peculiar creaking sound
when rubbed between the fingers. It is used as a food, in the
production of commercial grape sugar, for stiffening linen in
laundries, in making paste, etc.

Note: Starch is a carbohydrate, being the typical amylose, C6H10O5,
and is detected by the fine blue color given to it by free iodine. It
is not fermentable as such, but is changed by diastase into dextrin
and maltose, and by heating with dilute acids into dextrose. Cf.
Sugar, Inulin, and Lichenin.

2. Fig.: A stiff, formal manner; formality. Addison. Starch hyacinth
(Bot.), the grape hyacinth; -- so called because the flowers have the
smell of boiled starch. See under Grape.

STARCH
Starch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Starched; p. pr. & vb. n. Starching.]

Defn: To stiffen with starch.

STAR-CHAMBER
Star"-cham`ber, n. Etym: [So called (as conjectured by Blackstone)
from being held in a room at the Exchequer where the chests
containing certain Jewish comtracts and obligations called starrs
(from the Heb. shetar, pron. shtar) were kept; or from the stars with
which the ceiling is supposed to have been decorated.] (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: An ancient high court exercising jurisdiction in certain cases,
mainly criminal, which sat without the intervention of a jury. It
consisted of the king's council, or of the privy council only with
the addition of certain judges. It could proceed on mere rumor or
examine witnesses; it could apply torture. It was abolished by the
Long Parliament in 1641. Encyc. Brit.

STARCHED
Starched, a.

1. Stiffened with starch.

2. Stiff; precise; formal. Swift.

STARCHEDNESS
Starch"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being starched; stiffness in manners;
formality.

STARCHER
Starch"er, n.

Defn: One who starches.

STARCHLY
Starch"ly, adv.

Defn: In a starched or starch manner.

STARCHNESS
Starch"ness, n.

Defn: Of or pertaining to starched or starch; stiffness of manner;
preciseness.

STARCHWORT
Starch"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The cuckoopint, the tubers of which yield a fine quality of
starch.

STARCHY
Starch"y, a.

Defn: Consisting of starch; resembling starch; stiff; precise.

STARCRAFT
Star"craft, n.

Defn: Astrology. [R.] Tennyson.

STAR-CROSSED
Star"-crossed`, a.

Defn: Not favored by the stars; ill-fated. [Poetic] Shak.
Such in my star-crossed destiny. Massinger.

STAR DRIFT
Star drift. (Astron.)

Defn: Similar and probably related motion of the stars of an
asterism, as distinguished from apparent change of place due to solar
motion.-- ## = star streaming --

STARE
Stare, n. Etym: [AS. stær. See Starling.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The starling. [Obs.]

STARE
Stare, v. i. [imp. & p. p. stared; p. pr. & vb. n. staring.] Etym:
[AS. starian; akin to LG. & D. staren, OHG. staren, G. starren, Icel.
stara; cf. Icel. stira, Dan. stirre, Sw. stirra, and G. starr stiff,
rigid, fixed, Gr. stereo-), Skr. sthira firm, strong. *166. Cf.
Sterile.]

1. To look with fixed eyes wide open, as through fear, wonder,
surprise, impudence, etc.; to fasten an earnest and prolonged gaze on
some object.
For ever upon the ground I see thee stare. Chaucer.
Look not big, nor stamp, nor stare, nor fret. Shak.

2. To be very conspicuous on account of size, prominence, color, or
brilliancy; as, staring windows or colors.

3. To stand out; to project; to bristle. [Obs.]
Makest my blood cold, and my hair to stare. Shak.
Take off all the staring straws and jags in the hive. Mortimer.

Syn.
 -- To gaze; to look earnestly. See Gaze.

STARE
Stare, v. t.

Defn: To look earnestly at; to gaze at.
I will stare him out of his wits. Shak.
To stare in the face, to be before the eyes, or to be undeniably
evident. "The law . . . stares them in the face whilst they are
breaking it." Locke.

STARE
Stare, n.

Defn: The act of staring; a fixed look with eyes wide open. "A dull
and stupid stare." Churchill.

STARER
Star"er, n.

Defn: One who stares, or gazes.

STARF
Starf, obs. imp. of Starve.

Defn: Starved. Chaucer.

STARFINCH
Star"finch`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European redstart.

STARFISH
Star"fish, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of echinoderms belonging to the
class Asterioidea, in which the body is star-shaped and usually has
five rays, though the number of rays varies from five to forty or
more. The rays are often long, but are sometimes so short as to
appear only as angles to the disklike body. Called also sea star,
five-finger, and stellerid.

Note: The ophiuroids are also sometimes called starfishes. See
Brittle star, and Ophiuroidea.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dollar fish, or butterfish.

STARGASER
Star"gas`er, n.

1. One who gazes at the stars; an astrologer; sometimes, in derision
or contempt, an astronomer.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of spiny-rayed marine fishes
belonging to Uranoscopus, Astroscopus, and allied genera, of the
family Uranoscopidæ. The common species of the Eastern United States
are Astroscopus anoplus, and A. guttatus. So called from the position
of the eyes, which look directly upward.

STARGASING
Star"gas`ing, n.

1. The act or practice of observing the stars with attention;
contemplation of the stars as connected with astrology or astronomy.
Swift.

2. Hence, absent-mindedness; abstraction.

STARINGLY
Star"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With a staring look.

STARK
Stark, a. [Compar. Starker; superl. Starkest.] Etym: [OE. stark
stiff, strong, AS. stearc; akin to OS. starc strong, D. sterk, OHG.
starc, starah, G. & Sw. stark, Dan. stærk, Icel. sterkr, Goth.
gastaúrknan to become dried up, Lith. strëgti to stiffen, to freeze.
Cf. Starch, a. & n.]

1. Stiff; rigid. Chaucer.
Whose senses all were straight benumbed and stark. Spenser.
His heart gan wax as stark as marble stone. Spenser.
Many a nobleman lies stark and stiff Under the hoofs of vaunting
enemies. Shak.
The north is not so stark and cold. B. Jonson.

2. Complete; absolute; full; perfect; entire. [Obs.]
Consider the stark security The common wealth is in now. B. Jonson.

3. Strong; vigorous; powerful.
A stark, moss-trooping Scot. Sir W. Scott.
Stark beer, boy, stout and strong beer. Beau. & Fl.

4. Severe; violent; fierce. [Obs.] "In starke stours." [i. e., in
fierce combats]. Chaucer.

5. Mere; sheer; gross; entire; downright.
He pronounces the citation stark nonsense. Collier.
Rhetoric is very good or stark naught; there's no medium in rhetoric.
Selden.

STARK
Stark, adv.

Defn: Wholly; entirely; absolutely; quite; as, stark mind. Shak.
Held him strangled in his arms till he was stark dead. Fuller.
Stark naked, wholly naked; quite bare.
Strip your sword stark naked. Shak.

Note: According to Professor Skeat, "stark-naked" is derived from
steort-naked, or start-naked, literally tail-naked, and hence wholly
naked. If this etymology be true the preferable form is stark-naked.

STARK
Stark, v. t.

Defn: To stiffen. [R.]
If horror have not starked your limbs. H. Taylor.

STARKLY
Stark"ly, adv.

Defn: In a stark manner; stiffly; strongly.
Its onward force too starky pent In figure, bone, and lineament.
Emerson.

STARKNESS
Stark"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being stark.

STARLESS
Star"less, a.

Defn: Being without stars; having no stars visible; as, a starless
night. Milton.

STARLIGHT
Star"light`, n.

Defn: The light given by the stars.
Nor walk by moon, Or glittering starlight, without thee is sweet.
Milton.

STARLIGHT
Star"light`, a.

Defn: Lighted by the stars, or by the stars only; as, a starlight
night.
A starlight evening and a morning fair. Dryden.

STARLIKE
Star"like`, a.

1. Resembling a star; stellated; radiated like a star; as, starlike
flowers.

2. Shining; bright; illustrious. Dryden.
The having turned many to righteousness shall confer a starlike and
immortal brightness. Boyle.

STARLING
Star"ling, n. Etym: [OE. sterlyng, a dim. of OE. stare, AS. stær;
akin to AS. stearn, G. star, staar, OHG. stara, Icel. starri, stari,
Sw. stare, Dan. stær, L. sturnus. Cf. Stare a starling.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any passerine bird belonging to Sturnus and allied genera. The
European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) is dark brown or greenish black,
with a metallic gloss, and spotted with yellowish white. It is a
sociable bird, and builds about houses, old towers, etc. Called also
stare, and starred. The pied starling of India is Sternopastor
contra.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A California fish; the rock trout.

3. A structure of piles driven round the piers of a bridge for
protection and support; -- called also sterling. Rose-colored
starling. (Zoöl.) See Pastor.

STARLIT
Star"lit`, a.

Defn: Lighted by the stars; starlight.

STARMONGER
Star"mon`ger, n.

Defn: A fortune teller; an astrologer; -- used in contempt. B.
Jonson.

STARN
Starn, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European starling. [Prov. Eng.]

STARNOSE
Star"nose`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A curious American mole (Condylura cristata) having the nose
expanded at the end into a stellate disk; -- called also star-nosed
mole.

STAROST
Star"ost, n. Etym: [Pol. starosta, from stary old.]

Defn: A nobleman who possessed a starosty. [Poland]

STAROSTY
Star"os*ty, n.

Defn: A castle and domain conferred on a nobleman for life. [Poland]
Brande & C.

STARPROOF
Star"proof`, a.

Defn: Impervious to the light of the stars; as, a starproof elm.
[Poetic] Milton.

STAR-READ
Star"-read`, n.

Defn: Doctrine or knowledge of the stars; star lore; astrology;
astronomy. [Obs.]
Which in star-read were wont have best insight. Spenser.

STARRED
Starred, a. Etym: [From Star.]

1. Adorned or studded with stars; bespangled.

2. Influenced in fortune by the stars. [Obs.]
My third comfort, Starred most unluckily. Shak.

STARRINESS
Star"ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being starry; as, the starriness of the
heavens.

STARRY
Star"ry, a.

1. Abounding with stars; adorned with stars. "Above the starry sky."
Pope.

2. Consisting of, or proceeding from, the stars; stellar; stellary;
as, starry light; starry flame.
Do not Christians and Heathens, Jews and Gentiles, poets and
philosophers, unite in allowing the starry influence Sir W. Scott.

3. Shining like stars; sparkling; as, starry eyes.

4. Arranged in rays like those of a star; stellate. Starry ray
(Zoöl.), a European skate (Raita radiata); -- so called from the
stellate bases of the dorsal spines.

STARSHINE
Star"shine`, n.

Defn: The light of the stars. [R.]
The starshine lights upon our heads. R. L. Stevenson.

STARSHOOT
Star"shoot`, n.

Defn: See Nostoc.

STAR-SPANGLED
Star"-span`gled, a.

Defn: Spangled or studded with stars. Star-spangled banner, the
popular name for the national ensign of the United States. F. S. Key.

STAR STEREOGRAM
Star stereogram.

Defn: A view of the universe of brighter stars as it would appear to
an observer transported into space outside or beyond our universe of
stars.

STARSTONE
Star"stone`, n. (Min.)

Defn: Asteriated sapphire.

START
Start, v. i. [imp. & p. p. started; p. pr. & vb. n. starting.] Etym:
[OE. sterten; akin to D. storten 8hurl, rush, fall, G. stürzen, OHG.
sturzen to turn over, to fall, Sw. störa to cast down, to fall, Dan.
styrte, and probably also to E. start a tail; the original sense
being, perhaps, to show the tail, to tumble over suddenly. *166. Cf.
Start a tail.]

1. To leap; to jump. [Obs.]

2. To move suddenly, as with a spring or leap, from surprise, pain,
or other sudden feeling or emotion, or by a voluntary act.
And maketh him out of his sleep to start. Chaucer.
I start as from some dreadful dream. Dryden.
Keep your soul to the work when ready to start aside. I. Watts.
But if he start, It is the flesh of a corrupted heart. Shak.

3. To set out; to commence a course, as a race or journey; to begin;
as, to start business.
At once they start, advancing in a line. Dryden.
At intervals some bird from out the brakes Starts into voice a
moment, then is still. Byron.

4. To become somewhat displaced or loosened; as, a rivet or a seam
may start under strain or pressure. To start after, to set out after;
to follow; to pursue.
 -- To start against, to act as a rival candidate against.
 -- To start for, to be a candidate for, as an office.
 -- To start up, to rise suddenly, as from a seat or couch; to come
suddenly into notice or importance.

START
Start, v. t.

1. To cause to move suddenly; to disturb suddenly; to startle; to
alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly; as, the hounds started a
fox.
Upon malicious bravery dost thou come To start my quiet Shak.
Brutus will start a spirit as soon as Cæsar. Shak.

2. To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent.
Sensual men agree in the pursuit of every pleasure they can start.
Sir W. Temple.

3. To cause to move or act; to set going, running, or flowing; as, to
start a railway train; to start a mill; to start a stream of water;
to start a rumor; to start a business.
I was engaged in conversation upon a subject which the people love to
start in discourse. Addison.

4. To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or
loosen; to dislocate; as, to start a bone; the storm started the
bolts in the vessel.
One, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from the
sternum. Wiseman.

5. Etym: [Perh. from D. storten, which has this meaning also.]
(Naut.)

Defn: To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from; as, to
start a water cask.

START
Start, n.

1. The act of starting; a sudden spring, leap, or motion, caused by
surprise, fear, pain, or the like; any sudden motion, or beginning of
motion.
The fright awakened Arcite with a start. Dryden.

2. A convulsive motion, twitch, or spasm; a spasmodic effort.
For she did speak in starts distractedly. Shak.
Nature does nothing by starts and leaps, or in a hurry. L'Estrange.

3. A sudden, unexpected movement; a sudden and capricious impulse; a
sally; as, starts of fancy.
To check the starts and sallies of the soul. Addison.

4. The beginning, as of a journey or a course of action; first motion
from a place; act of setting out; the outset; -- opposed to finish.
The start of first performance is all. Bacon.
I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips, Straining upon the
start. Shak.
At a start, at once; in an instant. [Obs.]
At a start he was betwixt them two. Chaucer.
To get, or have, the start, to before another; to gain or have the
advantage in a similar undertaking; -- usually with of. "Get the
start of the majestic world." Shak. "She might have forsaken him if
he had not got the start of her." Dryden.

START
Start, n. Etym: [OE. stert a tail, AS. steort; akin to LG. stert,
steert, D. staart, G. sterz, Icel. stertr, Dan. stiert, Sw. stjert.
*166. Cf. Stark naked, under Stark, Start, v. i.]

1. A tail, or anything projecting like a tail.

2. The handle, or tail, of a plow; also, any long handle. [Prov.
Eng.]

3. The curved or inclined front and bottom of a water-wheel bucket.

4. (Mining)

Defn: The arm, or level, of a gin, drawn around by a horse.

STARTER
Start"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, starts; as, a starter on a journey; the
starter of a race.

2. A dog that rouses game.

STARTFUL
Start"ful, a.

Defn: Apt to start; skittish. [R.]

STARTFULNESS
Start"ful*ness, n.

Defn: Aptness to start. [R.]

STARTHROAT
Star"throat`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any humming bird of the genus Heliomaster. The feathers of the
throat have a brilliant metallic luster.

STARTING
Start"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Start, v. Starting bar (Steam Eng.), a hand lever for
working the values in starting an engine.
 -- Starting hole, a loophole; evasion. [Obs.] -- Starting point, the
point from which motion begins, or from which anything starts.
 -- Starting post, a post, stake, barrier, or place from which
competitors in a race start, or begin the race.

STARTINGLY
Start"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By sudden fits or starts; spasmodically. Shak.

STARTISH
Start"ish, a.

Defn: Apt to start; skittish; shy; -- said especially of a horse.
[Colloq.]

STARTLE
Star"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Startled; p. pr. & vb. n. Startling.]
Etym: [Freq. of start.]

Defn: To move suddenly, or be excited, on feeling alarm; to start.
Why shrinks the soul Back on herself, and startles at destruction
Addison.

STARTLE
Star"tle, v. t.

1. To excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension; to frighten
suddenly and not seriously; to alarm; to surprise.
The supposition, at least, that angels do sometimes assume bodies
need not startle us. Locke.

2. To deter; to cause to deviate. [R.] Clarendon.

Syn.
 -- To start; shock; fright; frighten; alarm.

STARTLE
Star"tle, n.

Defn: A sudden motion or shock caused by an unexpected alarm,
surprise, or apprehension of danger.
After having recovered from my first startle, I was very well pleased
with the accident. Spectator.

STARTLINGLY
Star"tling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a startling manner.

STARTLISH
Star"tlish, a.

Defn: Easily startled; apt to start; startish; skittish; -- said
especially of a hourse. [Colloq.]

START-UP
Start"-up`, n.

1. One who comes suddenly into notice; an upstart. [Obs.] Shak.

2. A kind of high rustic shoe. [Obs.] Drayton.
A startuppe, or clownish shoe. Spenser.

START-UP
Start"-up`, a.

Defn: Upstart. [R.] Walpole.

STARVATION
Star*va"tion, n.

Defn: The act of starving, or the state of being starved.

Note: This word was first used, according to Horace Walpole, by Henry
Dundas, the first Lord Melville, in a speech on American affairs in
1775, which obtained for him the nickname of Starvation Dundas.
"Starvation, we are also told, belongs to the class of 'vile
compounds' from being a mongrel; as if English were not full of
mongrels, and if it would not be in distressing straits without
them." Fitzed. Hall.

STARVE
Starve, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Starved; p. pr. & vb. n. Starving.] Etym:
[OE. sterven to die, AS. steorfan; akin to D. sterven, G. sterben,
OHG. sterban, Icel. starf labor, toil.]

1. To die; to perish. [Obs., except in the sense of perishing with
cold or hunger.] Lydgate.
In hot coals he hath himself raked . . . Thus starved this worthy
mighty Hercules. Chaucer.

2. To perish with hunger; to suffer extreme hunger or want; to be
very indigent.
Sometimes virtue starves, while vice is fed. Pope.

3. To perish or die with cold. Spenser.
Have I seen the naked starve for cold Sandys.
Starving with cold as well as hunger. W. Irving.

Note: In this sense, still common in England, but rarely used of the
United States.

STARVE
Starve, v. t.

1. To destroy with cold. [Eng.]
From beds of raging fire, to starve in ice Their soft ethereal
warmth. Milton.

2. To kill with hunger; as, maliciously to starve a man is, in law,
murder.

3. To distress or subdue by famine; as, to starvea garrison into a
surrender.
Attalus endeavored to starve Italy by stopping their convoy of
provisions from Africa. Arbuthnot.

4. To destroy by want of any kind; as, to starve plans by depriving
them of proper light and air.

5. To deprive of force or vigor; to disable.
The pens of historians, writing thereof, seemed starved for matter in
an age so fruitful of memorable actions. Fuller.
The powers of their minds are starved by disuse. Locke.

STARVEDLY
Starv"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In the condition of one starved or starving; parsimoniously.
Some boasting housekeeper which keepth open doors for one day, . . .
and lives starvedly all the year after. Bp. Hall.

STARVELING
Starve"ling, n. Etym: [Starve + -ling.]

Defn: One who, or that which, pines from lack or food, or nutriment.
Old Sir John hangs with me, and thou knowest he is no starveling.
Shak.

STARVELING
Starve"ling, a.

Defn: Hungry; lean; pining with want.

STARWORT
Star"wort`, n. (Bot.)
(a) Any plant of the genus Aster. See Aster.
(b) A small plant of the genus Stellaria, having star-shaped flowers;
star flower; chickweed. Gray. Water starwort, an aquatic plant
(Callitriche verna) having some resemblance to chickweed.
 -- Yellow starwort, a plant of the genus Inula; elecampane.

STASIMON
Stas"i*mon, n.; pl. Stasmia. Etym: [NL., from Gr. sta`simon, neut. of
sta`simos stationary, steadfast.]

Defn: In the Greek tragedy, a song of the chorus, continued without
the interruption of dialogue or anapæstics. Liddell & Scott.

STASIS
Sta"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A slackening or arrest of the blood current in the vessels, due
not to a lessening of the heart's beat, but presumably to some
abnormal resistance of the capillary walls. It is one of the
phenomena observed in the capillaries in inflammation.

STATABLE
Stat"a*ble, a.

Defn: That can be stated; as, a statablegrievance; the question at
issue is statable.

STATAL
Sta"tal, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or existing with reference to, a State of
the American Union, as distinguished from the general government.
[R.]
I have no knowledge of any other kind of political citizenship,
higher or lower, statal or national. Edward Bates.

STATANT
Sta"tant, a. Etym: [L. stare to stand.] (Her.)

Defn: In a standing position; as, a lion statant.

STATARIAN
Sta*ta"ri*an, a.

Defn: Fixed; settled; steady; statary. [Obs.]

STATARIANLY
Sta*ta"ri*an*ly, adv.

Defn: Fixedly; steadly. [Obs.]

STATARY
Sta"ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. statarius standing fast, fr. stare to stand.]

Defn: Fixed; settled. [Obs.] "The set and statary times of paring of
nails and cutting hair." Sir T. Browne.

STATE
State, n. Etym: [OE. stat, OF. estat, F. état, fr. L. status a
standing, position, fr. stare, statum, to stand. See Stand, and cf.
Estate, Status.]

1. The circumstances or condition of a being or thing at any given
time.
State is a term nearly synonymous with "mode," but of a meaning more
extensive, and is not exclusively limited to the mutable and
contingent. Sir W. Hamilton.
Declare the past and present state of things. Dryden.
Keep the state of the question in your eye. Boyle.

2. Rank; condition; quality; as, the state of honor.
Thy honor, state, and seat is due to me. Shak.

3. Condition of prosperity or grandeur; wealthy or prosperous
circumstances; social importance.
She instructed him how he should keep state, and yet with a modest
sense of his misfortunes. Bacon.
Can this imperious lord forget to reign, Quit all his state, descend,
and serve again Pope.

4. Appearance of grandeur or dignity; pomp.
Where least og state there most of love is shown. Dryden.

5. A chair with a canopy above it, often standing on a dais; a seat
of dignity; also, the canopy itself. [Obs.]
His high throne, . . . under state Of richest texture spread. Milton.
When he went to court, he used to kick away the state, and sit down
by his prince cheek by jowl. Swift.

6. Estate, possession. [Obs.] Daniel.
Your state, my lord, again in yours. Massinger.

7. A person of high rank. [Obs.] Latimer.

8. Any body of men united by profession, or constituting a community
of a particular character; as, the civil and ecclesiastical states,
or the lords spiritual and temporal and the commons, in Great
Britain. Cf. Estate, n., 6.

9. The principal persons in a government.
The bold design Pleased highly those infernal states. Milton.

10. The bodies that constitute the legislature of a country; as, the
States-general of Holland.

11. A form of government which is not monarchial, as a republic.
[Obs.]
Well monarchies may own religion's name, But states are atheists in
their very fame. Dryden.

12. A political body, or body politic; the whole body of people who
are united one government, whatever may be the form of the
government; a nation.
Municipal law is a rule of conduct prescribed by the supreme power in
a state. Blackstone.
The Puritans in the reign of Mary, driven from their homes, sought an
asylum in Geneva, where they found a state without a king, and a
church without a bishop. R. Choate.

13. In the United States, one of the commonwealth, or bodies politic,
the people of which make up the body of the nation, and which, under
the national constitution, stands in certain specified relations with
the national government, and are invested, as commonwealth, with full
power in their several spheres over all matters not expressly
inhibited.

Note: The term State, in its technical sense, is used in distinction
from the federal system, i. e., the government of the United States.

14. Highest and stationary condition, as that of maturity between
growth and decline, or as that of crisis between the increase and the
abating of a disease; height; acme. [Obs.]

Note: When state is joined with another word, or used adjectively, it
denotes public, or what belongs to the community or body politic, or
to the government; also, what belongs to the States severally in the
American Union; as, state affairs; state policy; State laws of Iowa.
Nascent state. (Chem.) See under Nascent.
 -- Secretary of state. See Secretary, n., 3.
 -- State bargea royal barge, or a barge belonging to a government.
 -- State bed, an elaborately carved or decorated bed.
 -- State carriage, a highly decorated carriage for officials going
in state, or taking part in public processions.
 -- State paper, an official paper relating to the interests or
government of a state. Jay.
 -- State prison, a public prison or penitentiary; -- called also
State's prison.
 -- State prisoner, one is confinement, or under arrest, for a
political offense.
 -- State rights, or States' rights, the rights of the several
independent States, as distinguished from the rights of the Federal
government. It has been a question as to what rights have been vested
in the general government. [U.S.] -- State's evidence. See Probator,
2, and under Evidence.
 -- State sword, a sword used on state occasions, being borne before
a sovereign by an attendant of high rank.
 -- State trial, a trial of a person for a political offense.
 -- States of the Church. See under Ecclesiastical.

Syn.
 -- State, Situation, Condition. State is the generic term, and
denotes in general the mode in which a thing stands or exists. The
situation of a thing is its state in reference to external objects
and influences; its condition is its internal state, or what it is in
itself considered. Our situation is good or bad as outward things
bear favorably or unfavorably upon us; our condition is good or bad
according to the state we are actually in as respects our persons,
families, property, and other things which comprise our sources of
enjoyment.
I do not, brother, Infer as if I thought my sister's state Secure
without all doubt or controversy. Milton.
We hoped to enjoy with ease what, in our situation, might be called
the luxuries of life. Cock.
And, O, what man's condition can be worse Than his whom plenty
starves and blessings curse Cowley.

STATE
State, a.

1. Stately. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Belonging to the state, or body politic; public.

STATE
State, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stated; p. pr. & vb. n. Stating.]

1. To set; to settle; to establish. [R.]
I myself, though meanest stated, And in court now almost hated.
Wither.
Who calls the council, states the certain day. Pope.

2. To express the particulars of; to set down in detail or in gross;
to represent fully in words; to narrate; to recite; as, to state the
facts of a case, one's opinion, etc. To state it. To assume state or
dignity. [Obs.] "Rarely dressed up, and taught to state it." Beau. &
Fl.

STATE
State, n.

Defn: A statement; also, a document containing a statement. [R.] Sir
W. Scott.

STATECRAFT
State"craft`, n.

Defn: The art of conducting state affairs; state management;
statesmanship.

STATED
Stat"ed, a.

1. Settled; established; fixed.
He is capable of corruption who receives more than what is the stated
and unquestionable fee of his office. Addison.

2. Recurring at regular time; not occasional; as, stated preaching;
stated business hours.

STATEDLY
Stat"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: At stated times; regularly.

STATEFUL
State"ful, a.

Defn: Full of state; stately. [Obs.] "A stateful silence." Marston.

STATEHOOD
State"hood, n.

Defn: The condition of being a State; as, a territory seeking
Statehood.

STATEHOUSE
State"house`, n.

Defn: The building in which a State legislature holds its sessions; a
State capitol. [U. S.]

STATELESS
State"less, a.

Defn: Without state or pomp.

STATELILY
State"li*ly, adv.

Defn: In a stately manner.

STATELINESS
State"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being stately.
For stateliness and majesty, what is comparable to a horse Dr. H.
More.

STATELY
State"ly, a. [Compar. Statelier; superl. Stateliest.]

Defn: Evincing state or dignity; lofty; majestic; grand; as,
statelymanners; a stately gait. "The stately homes of England!" Mrs.
Hemans. "Filled with stately temples." Prescott.
Here is a stately style indeed! Shak.

Syn.
 -- Lofty; dignified; majestic; grand; august; magnificent.

STATELY
State"ly, adv.

Defn: Majestically; loftily. Milton.

STATEMENT
State"ment, n.

1. The act of stating, reciting, or presenting, orally or in paper;
as, to interrupt a speaker in the statement of his case.

2. That which is stated; a formal embodiment in language of facts or
opinions; a narrative; a recital. "Admirable perspicuity of
statement!" Brougham.

STATEMONGER
State"mon`ger, n.

Defn: One versed in politics, or one who dabbles in state affairs.

STATEPRISON
State`pris"on.

Defn: See under State, n.

STATER
Stat"er, n.

Defn: One who states.

STATER
Sta"ter, n. Etym: [L. stater, Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: The principal gold coin of ancient Grece. It varied much in
value, the stater best known at Athens being worth about £1 2s., or
about $5.35. The Attic silver tetradrachm was in later times called
stater.

STATEROOM
State"room`, n.

1. A magnificent room in a place or great house.

2. A small apartment for lodging or sleeping in the cabin, or on the
deck, of a vessel; also, a somewhat similar apartment in a railway
sleeping car.

STATES-GENERAL
States"-gen"er*al, n.

1. In France, before the Revolution, the assembly of the three orders
of the kingdom, namely, the clergy, the nobility, and the third
estate, or commonalty.

2. In the Netherlands, the legislative body, composed of two
chambers.

STATESMAN
States"man, n.; pl. Statesmen (.

1. A man versed in public affairs and in the principles and art of
government; especially, one eminent for political abilities.
The minds of some of our statesmen, like the pupil of the human eye,
contract themselves the more, the stronger light there is shed upon
them. More.

2. One occupied with the affairs of government, and influental in
shaping its policy.

3. A small landholder. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

STATESMANLIKE
States"man*like`, a.

Defn: Having the manner or wisdom of statesmen; becoming a statesman.

STATESMANLY
States"man*ly, a.

Defn: Becoming a statesman.

STATESMANSHIP
States"man*ship, n.

Defn: The qualifications, duties, or employments of a statesman.

STATE SOCIALISM
State socialism.

Defn: A form of socialism, esp. advocated in Germany, which, while
retaining the right of private property and the institution of the
family and other features of the present form of the state, would
intervene by various measures intended to give or maintain equality
of opportunity, as compulsory state insurance, old-age pensions,
etc., answering closely to socialism of the chair.

STATESWOMAN
States"wom`an, n.; pl. Stateswomen (.

Defn: A woman concerned in public affairs.
A rare stateswoman; I admire her bearing. B. Jonson.

STATHMOGRAPH
Stath"mo*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: A contrivance for recording the speed of a railway train.
Knight.

STATIC; STATICAL
Stat"ic, Stat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. statique. See Stand, and cf.
Stage.]

1. Resting; acting by mere weight without motion; as, statical
pressure; static objects.

2. Pertaining to bodies at rest or in equilibrium. Statical
electricity. See Note under Electricity, 1.
 -- Statical moment. See under Moment.

STATICALLY
Stat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a statical manner.

STATICS
Stat"ics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. statique, Gr. Static.]

Defn: That branch of mechanics which treats of the equilibrium of
forces, or relates to bodies as held at rest by the forces acting on
them; -- distinguished from dynamics. Social statics, the study of
the conditions which concern the existence and permanence of the
social state.

STATING
Stat"ing, n.

Defn: The act of one who states anything; statement; as, the
statingof one's opinions.

STATION
Sta"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. statio, from stare, statum, to stand.
See Stand.]

1. The act of standing; also, attitude or pose in standing; posture.
[R.]
A station like the herald, Mercury. Shak.
Their manner was to stand at prayer, whereupon their meetings unto
that purpose . . . had the names of stations given them. Hooker.

2. A state of standing or rest; equilibrium. [Obs.]
All progression is performed by drawing on or impelling forward some
part which was before in station, or at quiet. Sir T. Browne.

3. The spot or place where anything stands, especially where a person
or thing habitually stands, or is appointed to remain for a time; as,
the station of a sentinel. Specifically:
(a) A regular stopping place in a stage road or route; a place where
railroad trains regularly come to a stand, for the convenience of
passengers, taking in fuel, moving freight, etc.
(b) The headquarters of the police force of any precinct.
(c) The place at which an instrument is planted, or observations are
made, as in surveying. (d) (Biol.)

Defn: The particular place, or kind of situation, in which a species
naturally occurs; a habitat. (e) (Naut.)

Defn: A place to which ships may resort, and where they may anchor
safely.
(f) A place or region to which a government ship or fleet is assigned
for duty.
(g) (Mil.) A place calculated for the rendezvous of troops, or for
the distribution of them; also, a spot well adapted for offensive
measures. Wilhelm (Mil. Dict.).
(h) (Mining) An enlargement in a shaft or galley, used as a landing,
or passing place, or for the accomodation of a pump, tank, etc.

4. Post assigned; office; the part or department of public duty which
a person is appointed to perform; sphere of duty or occupation;
employment.
By spending this day [Sunday] in religious exercises, we acquire new
strength and resolution to perform God's will in our several stations
the week following. R. Nelson.

5. Situation; position; location.
The fig and date -- why love they to remain In middle station, and an
even plain Prior.

6. State; rank; condition of life; social status.
The greater part have kept, I see, Their station. Milton.
They in France of the best rank and station. Shak.

7. (Eccl.)
(a) The fast of the fourth and sixth days of the week, Wednesday and
Friday, in memory of the council which condemned Christ, and of his
passion.
(b) (R. C. Ch.) A church in which the procession of the clergy halts
on stated days to say stated prayers. Addis & Arnold.
(c) One of the places at which ecclesiastical processions pause for
the performance of an act of devotion; formerly, the tomb of a
martyr, or some similarly consecrated spot; now, especially, one of
those representations of the successive stages of our Lord's passion
which are often placed round the naves of large churches and by the
side of the way leading to sacred edifices or shrines, and which are
visited in rotation, stated services being performed at each; --
called also Station of the cross. Fairholt. Station bill. (Naut.)
Same as Quarter bill, under Quarter.
 -- Station house. (a) The house serving for the headquarters of the
police assigned to a certain district, and as a place of temporary
confinement. (b) The house used as a shelter at a railway station.
 -- Station master, one who has charge of a station, esp. of a
railway station.
 -- Station pointer (Surv.), an instrument for locating on a chart
the position of a place from which the angles subtended by three
distant objects, whose positions are known, have been observed.
 -- Station staff (Surv.), an instrument for taking angles in
surveying. Craig.

Syn.
 -- Station, Depot. In the United States, a stopping place on a
railway for passengers and freight is commonly called a depot: but to
a considerable extent in official use, and in common speech, the more
appropriate name, station, has been adopted.

STATION
Sta"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stationed; p. pr. & vb. n. Stationing.]

Defn: To place; to set; to appoint or assign to the occupation of a
post, place, or office; as, to station troops on the right of an
army; to station a sentinel on a rampart; to station ships on the
coasts of Africa.
He gained the brow of the hill, where the English phalanx was
stationed. Lyttelton.

STATIONAL
Sta"tion*al, a. Etym: [L. stationalis: cf. F. stationnale (église).]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a station. [R.]

STATIONARINESS
Sta"tion*a*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being stationary; fixity.

STATIONARY
Sta"tion*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. stationarius: cf. F. stationnaire. Cf.
Stationer.]

1. Not moving; not appearing to move; stable; fixed.
Charles Wesley, who is a more stationary man, does not believe the
story. Southey.

2. Not improving or getting worse; not growing wiser, greater,
better, more excellent, or the contrary.

3. Appearing to be at rest, because moving in the line of vision; not
progressive or retrograde, as a planet. Stationary air (Physiol.),
the air which under ordinary circumstances does not leave the lungs
in respiration.
 -- Stationary engine. (a) A steam engine thet is permanently placed,
in distinction from a portable engine, locomotive, marine engine,
etc. Specifically: (b) A factory engine, in distinction from a
blowing, pumping, or other kind of engine which is also permanently
placed.

STATIONARY
Sta"tion*a*ry, n.; pl. -ries (.

Defn: One who, or that which, is stationary, as a planet when
apparently it has neither progressive nor retrograde motion. Holland.

STATIONER
Sta"tion*er, n. Etym: [Cf. Stationary, a.]

1. A bookseller or publisher; -- formerly so called from his
occupying a stand, or station, in the market place or elsewhere.
[Obs.] Dryden.

2. One who sells paper, pens, quills, inkstands, pencils, blank
books, and other articles used in writing.

STATIONERY
Sta"tion*er*y, n.

Defn: The articles usually sold by stationers, as paper, pens, ink,
quills, blank books, etc.

STATIONERY
Sta"tion*er*y, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or sold by, a stationer.

STATISM
Sta"tism, n. Etym: [From State.]

Defn: The art of governing a state; statecraft; policy. [Obs.]
The enemies of God . . . call our religion statism. South.

STATIST
Sta"tist, n. Etym: [From State.]

1. A statesman; a politician; one skilled in government. [Obs.]
Statists indeed, And lovers of their country. Milton.

2. A statistician. Fawcett.

STATISTIC; STATISTICAL
Sta*tis"tic, Sta*tis"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. statistique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to statistics; as, statistical knowledge,
statistical tabulation.

STATISTICALLY
Sta*tis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the way of statistics.

STATISTICIAN
Stat`is*ti"cian, n. Etym: [Cf. F. statisticien.]

Defn: One versed in statistics; one who collects and classifies facts
for statistics.

STATISTICS
Sta*tis"tics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. statistique, G. statistik. See State,
n.]

1. The science which has to do with the collection and classification
of certain facts respecting the condition of the people in a state.

Note: [In this sense gramatically singular.]

2. pl.

Defn: Classified facts respecting the condition of the people in a
state, their health, their longevity, domestic economy, arts,
property, and political strength, their resources, the state of the
country, etc., or respecting any particular class or interest;
especially, those facts which can be stated in numbers, or in tables
of numbers, or in any tabular and classified arrangement.

Defn: The branch of mathematics which studies methods for the
calculation of probabilities.

STATISTOLOGY
Stat`is*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Statistics + -logy.]

Defn: See Statistics, 2.

STATIVE
Sta"tive, a. Etym: [L. stativus, fr. stare, statum, to stand.] (Mil.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a fixed camp, or military posts or
quarters. [Obs. or R.]

STATOBLAST
Stat"o*blast, n. Etym: [Gr. i.e., remaining) + -blast.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a peculiar kind of internal buds, or germs, produced in
the interior of certain Bryozoa and sponges, especially in the fresh-
water species; -- also called winter buds.

Note: They are protected by a firm covering, and are usually destined
to perpetuate the species during the winter season. They burst open
and develop in the spring. In some fresh-water sponges they serve to
preserve the species during the dry season. See Illust. under
Phylactolæmata.

STATOCRACY
Sta*toc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [State + -cracy, as in democracy.]

Defn: Government by the state, or by political power, in distinction
from government by ecclesiastical power. [R.] O. A. Brownson.

STATOR
Sta"tor, n. (Mach.)

Defn: A stationary part in or about which another part (the rotor)
revolves, esp. when both are large; as,
 (a) (Elec.) The stationary member of an electrical machine, as of an
induction motor.
 (b) (Steam Turbine) The case inclosing a turbine wheel; the body of
stationary blades or nozzles.

STATUA
Stat"u*a, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A statue. [Obs.]
They spake not a word; But, like dumb statuas or breathing stones,
Gazed each on other. Shak.

STATUARY
Stat"u*a*ry, n.; pl. Statuaries. Etym: [L. statuarius, n., fr.
statuarius, a., of or belonging to statues, fr. statua statue: cf. F.
statuaire. See Statue.]

1. One who practices the art of making statues.
On other occasions the statuaries took their subjects from the poets.
Addison.

2. Etym: [L. statuaria (sc. ars): cf. F. statuaire.]

Defn: The art of carving statues or images as representatives of real
persons or things; a branch of sculpture. Sir W. Temple.

3. A collection of statues; statues, collectively.

STATUE
Stat"ue, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. statua (akin to stativus standing
still), fr. stare, statum, to stand. See Stand.]

1. The likeness of a living being sculptured or modeled in some solid
substance, as marble, bronze, or wax; an image; as, a statue of
Hercules, or of a lion.
I will raise her statue in pure gold. Shak.

2. A portrait. [Obs.] Massinger.

STATUE
Stat"ue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Statued; p. pr. & vb. n. Statuing.]

Defn: To place, as a statue; to form a statue of; to make into a
statue. "The whole man becomes as if statued into stone and earth."
Feltham.

STATUED
Stat"ued, a.

Defn: Adorned with statues. "The statued hall." Longfellow. "Statued
niches." G. Eliot.

STATUELESS
Stat"ue*less, a.

Defn: Without a statue.

STATUELIKE
Stat"ue*like`, a.

Defn: Like a statue; motionless.

STATUESQUE
Stat`u*esque", a.

Defn: Partaking of, or exemplifying, the characteristics of a statue;
having the symmetry, or other excellence, of a statue artistically
made; as, statuesquelimbs; a statuesque attitude.
Their characters are mostly statuesque even in this respect, that
they have no background. Hare.

STATUESQUELY
Stat`u*esque"ly, adv.

Defn: In a statuesque manner; in a way suggestive of a statue; like a
statue.
A character statuesquely simple in its details. Lowell.

STATUETTE
Stat`u*ette", n. Etym: [F., cf. It. statuetta.]

Defn: A small statue; -- usually applied to a figure much less than
life size, especially when of marble or bronze, or of plaster or clay
as a preparation for the marble or bronze, as distinguished from a
figure in terra cotta or the like. Cf. Figurine.

STATUMINATE
Sta*tu"mi*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. statuminatus, p.p. of statuminare to
prop, fr. statumen a prop, fr. statuere to place.]

Defn: To prop or support. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

STATURE
Stat"ure, n. Etym: [F. stature, OF. estature, from L. statura,
originally, an upright posture, hence, height or size of the body,
from stare, statum, to stand. See Stand.]

Defn: The natural height of an animal body; -- generally used of the
human body.
Foreign men of mighty stature came. Dryden.

STATURED
Stat"ured, a.

Defn: Arrived at full stature. [R.]

STATUS
Sta"tus, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: State; condition; position of affairs.

STATUS IN QUO; STATUS QUO
Sta"tus in` quo", Sta"tus quo". Etym: [L., state in which.]

Defn: The state in which anything is already. The phrase is also used
retrospectively, as when, on a treaty of place, matters return to the
status quo ante bellum, or are left in statu quo ante bellum, i.e.,
the state (or, in the state) before the war.

STATUTABLE
Stat"u*ta*ble, a.

1. Made or introduced by statute; proceeding from an act of the
legistature; as, a statutable provision or remedy.

2. Made or being in conformity to statute; standard; as, statutable
measures.

STATUTABLY
Stat"u*ta*bly, adv.

Defn: Conformably to statute.

STATUTE
Stat"ute, n. Etym: [F. statut, LL. statutum, from L. statutus, p.p.
of statuere to set, station, ordain, fr. status position, station,
fr. stare, statum, to stand. See Stand, and cf. Constitute,
Destitute.]

1. An act of the legislature of a state or country, declaring,
commanding, or prohibiting something; a positive law; the written
will of the legislature expressed with all the requisite forms of
legislation; -- used in distinction fraom common law. See Common law,
under Common, a. Bouvier.

Note: Statute is commonly applied to the acts of a legislative body
consisting of representatives. In monarchies, legislature laws of the
sovereign are called edicts, decrees, ordinances, rescripts, etc. In
works on international law and in the Roman law, the term is used as
embracing all laws imposed by competent authority. Statutes in this
sense are divided into statutes real, statutes personal, and statutes
mixed; statutes real applying to immovables; statutes personal to
movables; and statutes mixed to both classes of property.

2. An act of a corporation or of its founder, intended as a permanent
rule or law; as, the statutes of a university.

3. An assemblage of farming servants (held possibly by statute) for
the purpose of being hired; -- called also statute fair. [Eng.] Cf.
3d Mop, 2. Halliwell. Statute book, a record of laws or legislative
acts. Blackstone.
 -- Statute cap, a kind of woolen cap; -- so called because enjoined
to be worn by a statute, dated in 1571, in behalf of the trade of
cappers. [Obs.] Halliwell.
 -- Statute fair. See Statute, n., 3, above.
 -- Statute labor, a definite amount of labor required for the public
service in making roads, bridges, etc., as in certain English
colonies.
 -- Statute merchant (Eng. Law), a bond of record pursuant to the
stat. 13 Edw. I., acknowledged in form prescribed, on which, if not
paid at the day, an execution might be awarded against the body,
lands, and goods of the debtor, and the obligee might hold the lands
until out of the rents and profits of them the debt was satisfied; --
called also a pocket judgment. It is now fallen into disuse. Tomlins.
Bouvier.
 -- Statute mile. See under Mile.
 -- Statute of limitations (Law), a statute assigned a certain time,
after which rights can not be enforced by action.
 -- Statute staple, a bond of record acknowledged before the mayor of
the staple, by virtue of which the creditor may, on nonpayment,
forthwith have execution against the body, lands, and goods of the
debtor, as in the statute merchant. It is now disused. Blackstone.

Syn.
 -- Act; regulation; edict; decree. See Law.

STATUTORY
Stat"u*to*ry, a.

Defn: Enacted by statute; depending on statute for its authority; as,
a statutory provision.

STAUNCH; STAUNCHLY; STAUNCHNESS
Staunch, Staunch"ly, Staunch"ness, etc.

Defn: See Stanch, Stanchly, etc.

STAUROLITE
Stau"ro*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a brown to black color occurring in prismatic
crystals, often twinned so as to form groups resembling a cross. It
is a silicate of aluminia and iron, and is generally found imbedded
in mica schist. Called also granatite, and grenatite.

STAUROLITIC
Stau`ro*lit"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to staurolite; resembling or containing
staurolite.

STAUROSCOPE
Stau"ro*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: An optical instrument used in determining the position of the
planes of light-vibration in sections of crystals.

STAUROTIDE
Stau"ro*tide, n. Etym: [F. staurotide, from Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Staurolite.

STAVE
Stave, n. Etym: [From Staff, and corresponding to the pl. staves. See
Staff.]

1. One of a number of narrow strips of wood, or narrow iron plates,
placed edge to edge to form the sides, covering, or lining of a
vessel or structure; esp., one of the strips which form the sides of
a cask, a pail, etc.

2. One of the cylindrical bars of a lantern wheel; one of the bars or
rounds of a rack, a ladder, etc.

3. A metrical portion; a stanza; a staff.
Let us chant a passing stave In honor of that hero brave. Wordsworth.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: The five horizontal and parallel lines on and between which
musical notes are written or pointed; the staff. [Obs.] Stave
jointer, a machine for dressing the edges of staves.

STAVE
Stave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Staved or Stove (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Staving.] Etym: [From Stave, n., or Staff, n.]

1. To break in a stave or the staves of; to break a hole in; to
burst; -- often with in; as, to stave a cask; to stave in a boat.

2. To push, as with a staff; -- with off.
The condition of a servant staves him off to a distance. South.

3. To delay by force or craft; to drive away; -- usually with off;
as, to stave off the execution of a project.
And answered with such craft as women use, Guilty or guilties, to
stave off a chance That breaks upon them perilously. Tennyson.

4. To suffer, or cause, to be lost by breaking the cask.
All the wine in the city has been staved. Sandys.

5. To furnish with staves or rundles. Knolles.

6. To render impervious or solid by driving with a calking iron; as,
to stave lead, or the joints of pipes into which lead has been run.
To stave and tail, in bear baiting, (to stave) to interpose with the
staff, doubtless to stop the bear; (to tail) to hold back the dog by
the tail. Nares.

STAVE
Stave, v. i.

Defn: To burst in pieces by striking against something; to dash into
fragments.
Like a vessel of glass she stove and sank. Longfellow.

STAVES
Staves, n.;

Defn: pl. of Staff. "Banners, scarves and staves." R. Browning. Also
(stavz),

Defn: pl. of Stave.

STAVESACRE
Staves"a`cre, n. Etym: [Corrupted from NL. staphis agria, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of larkspur (Delphinium Staphysagria), and its seeds,
which are violently purgative and emetic. They are used as a
parasiticide, and in the East for poisoning fish.

STAVEWOOD
Stave`wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tall tree (Simaruba amara) growing in tropical America. It is
one of the trees which yields quassia.

STAVING
Stav"ing, n.

Defn: A cassing or lining of staves; especially, one encircling a
water wheel.

STAW
Staw, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Dan. staae to stand, Sw. stå. *163.]

Defn: To be fixed or set; to stay. [Prov. Eng.]

STAY
Stay, n. Etym: [AS. stæg, akin to D., G., Icel., Sw., & Dan. stag;
cf. OF. estai, F. étai, of Teutonic origin.] (Naut.)

Defn: A large, strong rope, employed to support a mast, by being
extended from the head of one mast down to some other, or to some
part of the vessel. Those which lead forward are called fore-and-aft
stays; those which lead to the vessel's side are called backstays.
See Illust. of Ship. In stays, or Hove in stays (Naut.), in the act
or situation of staying, or going about from one tack to another. R.
H. Dana, Jr.
 -- Stay holes (Naut.), openings in the edge of a staysail through
which the hanks pass which join it to the stay.
 -- Stay tackle (Naut.), a tackle attached to a stay and used for
hoisting or lowering heavy articles over the side.
 -- To miss stays (Naut.), to fail in the attempt to go about.
Totten.
 -- Triatic stay (Naut.), a rope secured at the ends to the heads of
the foremast and mainmast with thimbles spliced to its bight into
which the stay tackles hook.

STAY
Stay, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stayed or Staid (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Staying.] Etym: [OF. estayer, F. étayer to prop, fr. OF. estai, F.
étai, a prop, probably fr. OD. stade, staeye, a prop, akin to E.
stead; or cf. stay a rope to support a mast. Cf. Staid, a., Stay, v.
i.]

1. To stop from motion or falling; to prop; to fix firmly; to hold
up; to support.
Aaron and Hur stayed up his hands, the one on the one side, and the
other on the other side. Ex. xvii. 12.
Sallows and reeds . . . for vineyards useful found To stay thy vines.
Dryden.

2. To support from sinking; to sustain with strength; to satisfy in
part or for the time.
He has devoured a whole loaf of bread and butter, and it has not
staid his stomach for a minute. Sir W. Scott.

3. To bear up under; to endure; to support; to resist successfully.
She will not stay the siege of loving terms, Nor bide the encounter
of assailing eyes. Shak.

4. To hold from proceeding; to withhold; to restrain; to stop; to
hold.
Him backward overthrew and down him stayed With their rude hands
grisly grapplement. Spenser.
All that may stay their minds from thinking that true which they
heartly wish were false. Hooker.

5. To hinde
Your ships are stayed at Venice. Shak.
This business staid me in London almost a week. Evelyn.
I was willing to stay my reader on an argument that appeared to me
new. Locke.

6. To remain for the purpose of; to wait for. "I stay dinner there."
Shak.

7. To cause to cease; to put an end to.
Stay your strife. Shak.
For flattering planets seemed to say This child should ills of ages
stay. Emerson.

8. (Engin.)

Defn: To fasten or secure with stays; as, to stay a flat sheet in a
steam boiler.

9. (Naut.)

Defn: To tack, as a vessel, so that the other side of the vessel
shall be presented to the wind. To stay a mast (Naut.), to incline it
forward or aft, or to one side, by the stays and backstays.

STAY
Stay, v. i. Etym: [*163. See Stay to hold up, prop.]

1. To remain; to continue in a place; to abide fixed for a space of
time; to stop; to stand still.
She would command the hasty sun to stay. Spenser.
Stay, I command you; stay and hear me first. Dryden.
I stay a little longer, as one stays To cover up the embers that
still burn. Longfellow.

2. To continue in a state.
The flames augment, and stay At their full height, then languish to
decay. Dryden.

3. To wait; to attend; to forbear to act.
I'll tell thee all my whole device When I am in my coach, which stays
for us. Shak.
The father can not stay any longer for the fortune. Locke.

4. To dwell; to tarry; to linger.
I must stay a little on one action. Dryden.

5. To rest; to depend; to rely; to stand; to insist.
I stay here on my bond. Shak.
Ye despise this word, and trust in oppression and perverseness, and
stay thereon. Isa. xxx. 12.

6. To come to an end; to cease; as, that day the storm stayed.
[Archaic]
Here my commission stays. Shak.

7. To hold out in a race or other contest; as, a horse stays well.
[Colloq.]

8. (Naut.)

Defn: To change tack; as a ship.

STAY
Stay, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. estai, F. étai support, and E. stay a rope to
support a mast.]

1. That which serves as a prop; a support. "My only strength and
stay." Milton.
Trees serve as so many stays for their vines. Addison.
Lord Liverpool is the single stay of this ministry. Coleridge.

2. pl.

Defn: A corset stiffened with whalebone or other material, worn by
women, and rarely by men.
How the strait stays the slender waist constrain. Gay.

3. Continuance in a place; abode for a space of time; sojourn; as,
you make a short stay in this city.
Make haste, and leave thy business and thy care; No mortal interest
can be worth thy stay. Dryden.
Embrace the hero and his stay implore. Waller.

4. Cessation of motion or progression; stand; stop.
Made of sphere metal, never to decay Until his revolution was at
stay. Milton.
Affairs of state seemed rather to stand at a stay. Hayward.

5. Hindrance; let; check. [Obs.]
They were able to read good authors without any stay, if the book
were not false. Robynson (more's Utopia).

6. Restraint of passion; moderation; caution; steadiness; sobriety.
[Obs.] "Not grudging that thy lust hath bounds and stays." Herbert.
The wisdom, stay, and moderation of the king. Bacon.
With prudent stay he long deferred The rough contention. Philips.

7. (Engin.)

Defn: Strictly, a part in tension to hold the parts together, or
stiffen them. Stay bolt (Mech.), a bolt or short rod, connecting
opposite plates, so as to prevent them from being bulged out when
acted upon by a pressure which tends to force them apart, as in the
leg of a steam boiler.
 -- Stay busk, a stiff piece of wood, steel, or whalebone, for the
front support of a woman's stays. Cf. Busk.
 -- Stay rod, a rod which acts as a stay, particularly in a steam
boiler.

STAYED
Stayed, a.

Defn: Staid; fixed; settled; sober; -- now written staid. See Staid.
Bacon. Pope.

STAYEDLY
Stayed"ly, adv.

Defn: Staidly. See Staidly. [R.]

STAYEDNESS
Stayed"ness, n.

1. Staidness. [Archaic] W. Whately.

2. Solidity; weight. [R.] Camden.

STAYER
Stay"er, n.

Defn: One who upholds or supports that which props; one who, or that
which, stays, stops, or restrains; also, colloquially, a horse, man,
etc., that has endurance, an a race.

STAYLACE
Stay"lace`, n.

Defn: A lace for fastening stays.

STAYLESS
Stay"less, a.

Defn: Without stop or delay. Mir. for Mag.

STAYMAKER
Stay"mak`er, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to make stays.

STAYNIL
Stay"nil, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European starling. [Prov. Eng.]

STAYSAIL
Stay"sail`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Any sail extended on a stay.

STAYSHIP
Stay"ship`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A remora, -- fabled to stop ships by attaching itself to them.

STEAD
Stead, n. Etym: [OE. stede place, AS. stede; akin to LG. & D. stede,
OS. stad, stedi, OHG. stat, G. statt, stätte, Icel. staedhr, Dan.
sted, Sw. stad, Goth. sta, and E. stand. *163. See Stand, and cf.
Staith, Stithy.]

1. Place, or spot, in general. [Obs., except in composition.]
Chaucer.
Fly, therefore, fly this fearful stead anon. Spenser.

2. Place or room which another had, has, or might have. "Stewards of
your steads." Piers Plowman.
In stead of bounds, he a pillar set. Chaucer.

3. A frame on which a bed is laid; a bedstead. [R.]
The genial bed, Sallow the feet, the borders, and the stead. Dryden.

4. A farmhouse and offices. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Note: The word is now commonly used as the last part of a compound;
as, farmstead, homestead, readstead, etc. In stead of, in place of.
See Instead.
 -- To stand in stead, or To do stead, to be of use or great
advantage.
The smallest act . . . shall stand us in great stead. Atterbury.
Here thy sword can do thee little stead. Milton.

STEAD
Stead, v. t.

1. To help; to support; to benefit; to assist.
Perhaps my succour or advisement meet, Mote stead you much your
purpose to subdue. Spenser.
It nothing steads us To chide him from our eaves. Shak.

2. To fill place of. [Obs.] Shak.

STEADFAST
Stead"fast, a. Etym: [Stead + fast, that is, fast in place.] Etym:
[Written also stedfast.]

1. Firmly fixed or established; fast fixed; firm. "This steadfast
globe of earth." Spenser.

2. Not fickle or wavering; constant; firm; resolute; unswerving;
steady. "Steadfast eye." Shak.
Abide steadfast unto him [thy neighbor] in the time of his trouble.
Ecclus. xxii. 23.
Whom resist steadfast in the faith. 1 Pet. v. 9.

STEADFASTLY
Stead"fast*ly, adv.

Defn: In a steadfast manner; firmly.
Steadfast believe that whatever God has revealed is infallibly true.
Wake.

STEADFASTNESS
Stead"fast*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being steadfast; firmness; fixedness;
constancy. "The steadfastness of your faith." Col. ii. 5.
To prove her wifehood and her steadfastness. Chaucer.

STEADILY
Stead"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a steady manner.

STEADINESS
Stead"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being steady.
Steadiness is a point of prudence as well as of courage. L'Estrange.

Syn.
 -- Constancy; resolution; unchangeableness.

STEADING
Stead"ing, n.

Defn: The brans, stables, cattle-yards, etc., of a farm; -- called
also onstead, farmstead, farm offices, or farmery. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]

STEADY
Stead"y, a. [Compar. Steadier; superl. Steadiest.] Etym: [Cf. AS.
stedig sterile, barren, stæ, steady (in gestæ), D. stedig, stadig,
steeg, G. stätig, stetig. See Stead, n.]

1. Firm in standing or position; not tottering or shaking; fixed;
firm. "The softest, steadiest plume." Keble.
Their feet steady, their hands diligent, their eyes watchful, and
their hearts resolute. Sir P. Sidney.

2. Constant in feeling, purpose, or pursuit; not fickle, changeable,
or wavering; not easily moved or persuaded to alter a purpose;
resolute; as, a man steady in his principles, in his purpose, or in
the pursuit of an object.

3. Regular; constant; undeviating; uniform; as, the steady course of
the sun; a steady breeze of wind.

Syn.
 -- Fixed; regular; uniform; undeviating; invariable; unremitted;
stable. Steady rest (Mach), a rest in a turning lathe, to keep a long
piece of work from trembling.

STEADY
Stead"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Steadied; p. pr. & vb. n. Steadying.]

Defn: To make steady; to hold or keep from shaking, reeling, or
falling; to make or keep firm; to support; to make constant, regular,
or resolute.

STEADY
Stead"y, v. i.

Defn: To become steady; to regain a steady position or state; to move
steadily.
Without a breeze, without a tide, She steadies with upright keel.
Coleridge.

STEAK
Steak, n. Etym: [OE. steike, Icel. steik, akin to Icel. steikja to
roast, stikna to be roasted or scorched, and E. stick, the steak
being broiled on a spit. See Stick, v. t.]

Defn: A slice of beef, broiled, or cut for broiling; -- also extended
to the meat of other large animals; as, venison steak; bear steak;
pork steak; turtle steak.

STEAL
Steal, n. Etym: [See Stale a handle.]

Defn: A handle; a stale, or stele. [Archaic or Prov. Eng.]
And in his hand a huge poleax did bear. Whose steale was iron-studded
but not long. Spenser.

STEAL
Steal, v. t. [imp. Stole; p. p. Stolen; p. pr. & vb. n. Stealing.]
Etym: [OE. stelen, AS. stelan; akin to OFries. stela, D. stelen, OHG.
stelan, G. stehlen, Icel. stela, SW. stjäla, Dan. stiæle, Goth.
stilan.]

1. To take and carry away, feloniously; to take without right or
leave, and with intent to keep wrongfully; as, to steal the personal
goods of another.
Maugre thy heed, thou must for indigence Or steal, or borrow, thy
dispense. Chaucer.
The man who stole a goose and gave away the giblets in G. Eliot.

2. To withdraw or convey clandestinely (reflexive); hence, to creep
furtively, or to insinuate.
They could insinuate and steal themselves under the same by their
humble carriage and submission. Spenser.
He will steal himself into a man's favor. Shak.

3. To gain by insinuating arts or covert means.
So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel. 2 Sam. xv. 6.

4. To get into one's power gradually and by imperceptible degrees; to
take possession of by a gradual and imperceptible appropriation; --
with away.
Variety of objects has a tendency to steal away the mind from its
steady pursuit of any subject. I. Watts.

5. To accomplish in a concealed or unobserved manner; to try to carry
out secretly; as, to steal a look.
Always, when thou changest thine opinion or course, profess it
plainly, . . . and do not think to steal it. Bacon.
To steal a march, to march in a covert way; to gain an advantage
unobserved; -- formerly followed by of, but now by on or upon, and
sometimes by over; as, to steal a march upon one's political rivals.
She yesterday wanted to steal a march of poor Liddy. Smollett.
Fifty thousand men can not easily steal a march over the sea.
Walpole.

Syn.
 -- To filch; pilfer; purloin; thieve.

STEAL
Steal, v. i.

1. To practice, or be guilty of, theft; to commit larceny or theft.
Thou shalt not steal. Ex. xx. 15.

2. To withdraw, or pass privily; to slip in, along, or away,
unperceived; to go or come furtively. Chaucer.
Fixed of mind to avoid further entreaty, and to fly all company, one
night she stole away. Sir P. Sidney.
From whom you now must steal, and take no leave. Shak.
A soft and solemn breathing sound Rose like a steam of rich,
distilled perfumes, And stole upon the air. Milton.

STEALER
Steal"er, n.

1. One who steals; a thief.

2. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: The endmost plank of a strake which stops short of the stem or
stern.

STEALING
Steal"ing, n.

1. The act of taking feloniously the personal property of another
without his consent and knowledge; theft; larceny.

2. That which is stolen; stolen property; -- chiefly used in the
plural.

STEALINGLY
Steal"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By stealing, or as by stealing, furtively, or by an invisible
motion. Sir P. Sidney.

STEALTH
Stealth, n. Etym: [OE. staple. See Steal, v. t.]

1. The act of stealing; theft. [Obs.]
The owner proveth the stealth to have been committed upon him by such
an outlaw. Spenser.

2. The thing stolen; stolen property. [Obs.] "Sluttish dens . . .
serving to cover stealths." Sir W. Raleigh.

3. The bringing to pass anything in a secret or concealed manner; a
secret procedure; a clandestine practice or action; -- in either a
good or a bad sense.
Do good by stealth, and blush to find it fame. Pope.
The monarch, blinded with desire of wealth, With steel invades the
brother's life by stealth. Dryden.
I told him of your stealth unto this wood. Shak.

STEALTHFUL
Stealth"ful, a.

Defn: Given to stealth; stealthy. [Obs.] -- Stealth"ful*ly, adv.
[Obs.] -- Stealth"ful*ness, n. [Obs.]

STEALTHILY
Stealth"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a stealthy manner.

STEALTHINESS
Stealth"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state, quality, or character of being stealthy; stealth.

STEALTHLIKE
Stealth"like`, a.

Defn: Stealthy; sly. Wordsworth.

STEALTHY
Stealth"y, a. [Compar. Stealthier; superl. Stealthiest.]

Defn: Done by stealth; accomplished clandestinely; unperceived;
secret; furtive; sly.
[Withered murder] with his stealthy pace, . . . Moves like a ghost.
Shak.

STEAM
Steam, n. Etym: [OE. stem, steem, vapor, flame, AS. steám vapor,
smoke, odor; akin to D. stoom steam, perhaps originally, a pillar, or
something rising like a pillar; cf. Gr. stand.]

1. The elastic, aëriform fluid into which water is converted when
heated to the boiling points; water in the state of vapor.

2. The mist formed by condensed vapor; visible vapor; -- so called in
popular usage.

3. Any exhalation. "A steam og rich, distilled perfumes." Milton. Dry
steam, steam which does not contain water held in suspension
mechanically; -- sometimes applied to superheated steam.
 -- Exhaust steam. See under Exhaust.
 -- High steam, or High-pressure steam, steam of which the pressure
greatly exceeds that of the atmosphere.
 -- Low steam, or Low-pressure steam, steam of which the pressure is
less than, equal to, or not greatly above, that of the atmosphere.
 -- Saturated steam, steam at the temperature of the boiling point
which corresponds to its pressure; -- sometimes also applied to wet
steam.
 -- Superheated steam, steam heated to a temperature higher than the
boiling point corresponding to its pressure. It can not exist in
contact with water, nor contain water, and resembles a perfect gas; -
- called also surcharged steam, anhydrous steam, and steam gas.
 -- Wet steam, steam which contains water held in suspension
mechanically; -- called also misty steam.

Note: Steam is often used adjectively, and in combination, to denote,
produced by heat, or operated by power, derived from steam, in
distinction from other sources of power; as in steam boiler or steam-
boiler, steam dredger or steam-dredger, steam engine or steam-engine,
steam heat, steam plow or steam-plow, etc. Steam blower. (a) A blower
for producing a draught consisting of a jet or jets of steam in a
chimney or under a fire. (b) A fan blower driven directly by a steam
engine.
 -- Steam boiler, a boiler for producing steam. See Boiler, 3, and
Note. In the illustration, the shell a of the boiler is partly in
section, showing the tubes, or flues, which the hot gases, from the
fire beneath the boiler, enter, after traversing the outside of the
shell, and through which the gases are led to the smoke pipe d, which
delivers them to the chimney; b is the manhole; c the dome; e the
steam pipe; f the feed and blow-off pipe; g the safety value; hthe
water gauge.
 -- Steam car, a car driven by steam power, or drawn by a locomotive.
 -- Steam carriage, a carriage upon wheels moved on common roads by
steam.
 -- Steam casing. See Steam jacket, under Jacket.
 -- Steam chest, the box or chamber from which steam is distributed
to the cylinder of a steam engine, steam pump, etc., and which
usually contains one or more values; -- called also valve chest, and
valve box. See Illust. of Slide valve, under Slide.
 -- Steam chimney, an annular chamber around the chimney of a boiler
furnace, for drying steam.
 -- Steam coil, a coil of pipe, or collection of connected pipes, for
containing steam; -- used for heating, drying, etc.
 -- Steam colors (Calico Printing), colors in which the chemical
reaction fixed the coloring matter in the fiber is produced by steam.
 -- Steam cylinder, the cylinder of a steam engine, which contains
the piston. See Illust. of Slide valve, under Slide.
 -- Steam dome (Steam Boilers), a chamber upon the top of the boiler,
from which steam is conduced to the engine. See Illust. of Steam
boiler, above.
 -- Steam fire engine, a fire engine consisting of a steam boiler and
engine, and pump which is driven by the engine, combined and mounted
on wheels. It is usually drawn by horses, but is sometimes made self-
propelling.
 -- Steam fitter, a fitter of steam pipes.
 -- Steam fitting, the act or the occupation of a steam fitter; also,
a pipe fitting for steam pipes.
 -- Steam gas. See Superheated steam, above.
 -- Steam gauge, an instrument for indicating the pressure of the
steam in a boiler. The mercurial steam gauge is a bent tube partially
filled with mercury, one end of which is connected with the boiler
while the other is open to the air, so that the steam by its pressure
raises the mercury in the long limb of the tume to a height
proportioned to that pressure. A more common form, especially for
high pressures, consists of a spring pressed upon by the steam, and
connected with the pointer of a dial. The spring may be a flattened,
bent tube, closed at one end, which the entering steam tends to
straighten, or it may be a diaphragm of elastic metal, or a mass of
confined air, etc.
 -- Steam gun, a machine or contrivance from which projectiles may be
thrown by the elastic force of steam.
 -- Steam hammer, a hammer for forging, which is worked directly by
steam; especially, a hammer which is guided vertically and operated
by a vertical steam cylinder located directly over an anvil. In the
variety known as Nasmyth's, the cylinder is fixed, and the hammer is
attached to the piston rod. In that known as Condie's, the piston is
fixed, and the hammer attached to the lower end of the cylinder.
 -- Steam heater. (a) A radiator heated by steam. (b) An apparatus
consisting of a steam boiler, radiator, piping, and fixures for
warming a house by steam.
 -- Steam jacket. See under Jacket.
 -- Steam packet, a packet or vessel propelled by steam, and running
periodically between certain ports.
 -- Steam pipe, any pipe for conveying steam; specifically, a pipe
through which steam is supplied to an engine.
 -- Steam plow or plough, a plow, or gang of plows, moved by a steam
engine.
 -- Steam port, an opening for steam to pass through, as from the
steam chest into the cylinder.
 -- Steam power, the force or energy of steam applied to produce
results; power derived from a steam engine.
 -- Steam propeller. See Propeller.
 -- Steam pump, a small pumping engine operated by steam. It is
usually direct-acting.
 -- Steam room (Steam Boilers), the space in the boiler above the
water level, and in the dome, which contains steam.
 -- Steam table, a table on which are dishes heated by steam for
keeping food warm in the carving room of a hotel, restaurant, etc.
 -- Steam trap, a self-acting device by means of which water that
accumulates in a pipe or vessel containing steam will be discharged
without permitting steam to escape.
 -- Steam tug, a steam vessel used in towing or propelling ships.
 -- Steam vessel, a vessel propelled by steam; a steamboat or
steamship; -- a steamer.
 -- Steam whistle, an apparatus attached to a steam boiler, as of a
locomotive, through which steam is rapidly discharged, producing a
loud whistle which serves as a warning signal. The steam issues from
a narrow annular orifice around the upper edge of the lower cup or
hemisphere, striking the thin edge of the bell above it, and
producing sound in the manner of an organ pipe or a common whistle.

STEAM
Steam, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Steamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Steaming.]

1. To emit steam or vapor.
My brother's ghost hangs hovering there, O'er his warm blood, that
steams into the air. Dryden.
Let the crude humors dance In heated brass, steaming with fire
intence. J. Philips.

2. To rise in vapor; to issue, or pass off, as vapor.
The dissolved amber . . . steamed away into the air. Boyle.

3. To move or travel by the agency of steam.
The vessel steamed out of port. N. P. Willis.

4. To generate steam; as, the boiler steams well.

STEAM
Steam, v. t.

1. To exhale. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To expose to the action of steam; to apply steam to for softening,
dressing, or preparing; as, to steam wood; to steamcloth; to steam
food, etc.

STEAMBOAT
Steam"boat`, n.

Defn: A boat or vessel propelled by steam power; -- generally used of
river or coasting craft, as distinguished from ocean steamers.

STEAMBOATING
Steam"boat`ing, n.

1. The occupation or business of running a steamboat, or of
transporting merchandise, passengers, etc., by steamboats.

2. (Bookbinding)

Defn: The shearing of a pile of books which are as yet uncovered, or
out of boards. Knight.

STEAM ENGINE
Steam" en"gine.

Defn: An engine moved by steam.

Note: In its most common forms its essential parts are a piston, a
cylinder, and a valve gear. The piston works in the cylinder, to
which steam is admitted by the action of the valve gear, and
communicates motion to the machinery to be actuated. Steam engines
are thus classified: 1. According to the wat the steam is used or
applied, as condencing, noncondencing, compound, double-acting,
single-acting, triple-expansion, etc. 2. According to the motion of
the piston, as reciprocating, rotary, etc. 3. According to the motion
imparted by the engine, as rotative and nonrotative. 4. According to
the arrangement of the engine, as stationary, portable, and
semiportable engines, beam engine, oscillating engine, direct-acting
and back-acting engines, etc. 5. According to their uses, as
portable, marine, locomotive, pumping, blowing, winding, and
stationary engines. Locomotive and portable engines are usually high-
pressure, noncondencing, rotative, and direct-acting. Marine engines
are high or low pressure, rotative, and generally condencing, double-
acting, and compound. Paddle engines are generally beam, sideScrew
engines are generally direct-acting, back-acting, or oscillating.
Stationary engines belong to various classes, but are generally
rotative. A horizontal or inclined stationary steam engine is called
a left-hand or a right-hand engine when the crank shaft and driving
pulley are on the left-hand side, or the right-hand side,
respectively, or the engine, to a person looking at them from the
cylinder, and is said to run forward or backward when the crank
traverses the upward half, or lower half, respectively, of its path,
while the piston rod makes its stroke outward from the cylinder. A
marine engine, or the engine of a locomotive, is said to run forward
when its motion is such as would propel the vessel or the locomotive
forward. Steam engines are further classified as double-cylinder,
disk, semicylinder, trunk engines, etc. Machines, such as cranes,
hammers, etc., of which the steam engine forms a part, are called
steam cranes, steam hammers, etc. See Illustration in Appendix. Back-
acting, or Back-action, steam engine, a steam engine in which the
motion is transmitted backward from the crosshead to a crank which is
between the crosshead and the cylinder, or beyond the cylinder.
 -- Portable steam engine, a steam engine combined with, and attached
to, a boiler which is mounted on wheels so as to admit of easy
transportation; -- used for driving machinery in the field, as
trashing machines, draining pumps, etc.
 -- Semiportable steam engine, a steam engine combined with, and
attached to, a steam boiler, but not mounted on wheels.

STEAMER
Steam"er, n.

1. A vessel propelled by steam; a steamship or steamboat.

2. A steam fire engine. See under Steam.

3. A road locomotive for use on common roads, as in agricultural
operations.

4. A vessel in which articles are subjected to the action of steam,
as in washing, in cookery, and in various processes of manufacture.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The steamer duck. Steamer duck (Zoöl.), a sea duck (Tachyeres
cinereus), native of Patagonia and Terra del Fuego, which swims and
dives with great agility, but which, when full grown, is incapable of
flight, owing to its very small wings. Called also loggerhead, race
horse, and side wheel duck.

STEAMINESS
Steam"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being steamy; vaporousness;
mistness.

STEAMSHIP
Steam"ship`, n.

Defn: A ship or seagoing vessel propelled by the power of steam; a
steamer.

STEAMY
Steam"y, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or resembling, steam; full of steam; vaporous;
misty. Cowper.

STEAN
Stean, n. & v.

Defn: See Steen. Spenser.

STEANINGP
Stean"ingp, n.

Defn: See Steening.

STEAPSIN
Ste*ap"sin, n. (Physiol Chem.)

Defn: An unorganized ferment or enzyme present in pancreatic juice.
It decomposes neutral fats into glycerin and fatty acids.

STEARATE
Ste"a*rate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of stearic acid; as, ordinary soap consists largely of
sodium or potassium stearates.

STEARIC
Ste*ar"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. stéarique.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, stearin or tallow; resembling
tallow. Stearic acid (Chem.), a monobasic fatty acid, obtained in the
form of white crystalline scales, soluble in alcohol and ether. It
melts to an oily liquid at 69°C.C18H36O2, CH3.(CH2)16.COOH; sodium
stearate, with sodium palmitate, is the main component of ordinary
bar soaps (Such as Ivory soap).

STEARIN
Ste"a*rin, n. Etym: [Gr. stéarine.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: One of the constituents of animal fats and also of some
vegetable fats, as the butter of cacao. It is especially
characterized by its solidity, so that when present in considerable
quantity it materially increases the hardness, or raises the melting
point, of the fat, as in mutton tallow. Chemically, it is a compound
of glyceryl with three molecules of stearic acid, and hence is
technically called tristearin, or glyceryl tristearate.

STEAROLIC
Ste`a*rol"ic, a. Etym: [Stearic + oleic + -ic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the acetylene
series, isologous with stearis acid, and obtained, as a white
crystalline substance, from oleïc acid.

STEARONE
Ste"a*rone, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The ketone of stearic acid, obtained as a white crystalline
substance, (C17H35)2.CO, by the distillation of calcium stearate.

STEAROPTENE
Ste`a*rop"tene, n. Etym: [Stearic + -optene as in elæoptene.] (Chem.)

Defn: The more solid ingredient of certain volatile oils; --
contrasted with elæoptene.

STEARRHEA
Ste`ar*rhe"a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: seborrhea.

STEARYL
Ste"a*ryl, n. Etym: [Stearic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical characteristic of stearic acid.

STEATITE
Ste"a*tite, n. Etym: [Gr. stéatite.] (Min.)

Defn: A massive variety of talc, of a grayish green or brown color.
It forms extensive beds, and is quarried for fireplaces and for
coarse utensils. Called also potstone, lard stone, and soapstone.

STEATITIC
Ste`a*tit"ic, n. (Min.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, steatite; containing or
resembling steatite.

STEATOMA
Ste`a*to"ma, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A cyst containing matter like suet.

STEATOMATOUS
Ste`a*tom"a*tous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of the nature of steatoma.

STEATOPYGA
Ste`a*top"y*ga, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A remarkable accretion of fat upon the buttocks of Africans of
certain tribes, especially of Hottentot women.

STEATOPYGOUS
Ste`a*top"y*gous, a.

Defn: Having fat buttocks.
Specimens of the steatopygous Abyssinian breed. Burton.

STED; STEDFAST; STEDFASTLY
Sted, n., Sted"fast, a., Sted"fast*ly, adv., etc.

Defn: See Stead, Steadfast, etc.

STEE
Stee, n. Etym: [Cf. G. stiege. *164. See Stair.]

Defn: A ladder. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] [Written also stey.]

STEED
Steed, n. Etym: [OE. stede, AS. steda a stud-horse, war horse, fr.
stod a stud of breeding steeds; akin to G. stute a mare, Icel.
stedda, sto, a stud. *163. See Stud of horses.]

Defn: A horse, especially a spirited horse for state of war; -- used
chiefly in poetry or stately prose. "A knight upon a steed." Chaucer.
Mounted upon a hot and fiery steed. Shak.

STEEDLESS
Steed"less, a.

Defn: Having no steed; without a horse.

STEEK; STEIK
Steek, Steik, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Stick, v. t.]

Defn: To pierce with a sharp instrument; hence, to stitch; to sew;
also, to fix; to fasten. [Scot.]

STEEL
Steel, n. Etym: [AS. stel, styl, style; akin to D. staal, G. stahl,
OHG. stahal, Icel. stal, Dan. staal, Sw. stål, Old Prussian stakla.]

1. (Metal)

Defn: A variety of iron intermediate in composition and properties
between wrought iron and cast iron (containing between one half of
one per cent and one and a half per cent of carbon), and consisting
of an alloy of iron with an iron carbide. Steel, unlike wrought iron,
can be tempered, and retains magnetism. Its malleability decreases,
and fusibility increases, with an increase in carbon.

2. An instrument or implement made of steel; as: --
(a) A weapon, as a sword, dagger, etc. "Brave Macbeth . . . with his
brandished steel." Shak.
While doubting thus he stood, Received the steel bathed in his
brother's blood. Dryden.

(b) An instrument of steel (usually a round rod) for sharpening
knives.
(c) A piece of steel for striking sparks from flint.

3. Fig.: Anything of extreme hardness; that which is characterized by
sternness or rigor. "Heads of steel." Johnson. "Manhood's heart of
steel." Byron.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A chalybeate medicine. Dunglison.

Note: Steel is often used in the formation of compounds, generally of
obvious meaning; as, steel-clad, steel-girt, steel-hearted, steel-
plated, steel-pointed, etc. Bessemer steel (Metal.) See in the
Vocabulary.
 -- Blister steel. (Metal.) See under Blister.
 -- Cast steel (Metal.), a fine variety of steel, originally made by
smelting blister or cementation steel; hence, ordinarily, steel of
any process of production when remelted and cast.
 -- Cromium steel (Metal.), a hard, tenacious variety containing a
little cromium, and somewhat resembling tungsten steel.
 -- Mild steel (Metal.), a kind of steel having a lower proportion of
carbon than ordinary steel, rendering it softer and more malleable.
 -- Puddled steel (Metal.), a variety of steel produced from cast
iron by the puddling process.
 -- Steel duck (Zoöl.), the goosander, or merganser. [Prov. Eng.] --
Steel mill. (a) (Firearms) See Wheel lock, under Wheel. (b) A mill
which has steel grinding surfaces. (c) A mill where steel is
manufactured.
 -- Steel trap, a trap for catching wild animals. It consists of two
iron jaws, which close by means of a powerful steel spring when the
animal disturbs the catch, or tongue, by which they are kept open.
 -- Steel wine, wine, usually sherry, in which steel filings have
been placed for a considerable time, -- used as a medicine.
 -- Tincture of steel (Med.), an alcoholic solution of the chloride
of iron.
 -- Tungsten steel (Metal.), a variety of steel containing a small
amount of tungsten, and noted for its tenacity and hardness, as well
as for its malleability and tempering qualities. It is also noted for
its magnetic properties.

STEEL
Steel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Steeled; p. pr. & vb. n. Steeling.] Etym:
[AS. stlan: cf. Icel. stæla. See Steel, n.]

1. To overlay, point, or edge with steel; as, to steel a razor; to
steel an ax.

2. To make hard or strong; hence, to make insensible or obdurate.
Lies well steeled with weighty arguments. Shak.
O God of battles! steel my soldier's hearts. Shak.
Why will you fight against so sweet a passion, And steel your heart
to such a world of charms Addison.

3. Fig.: To cause to resemble steel, as in smoothness, polish, or
other qualities.
These waters, steeled By breezeless air to smoothest polish.
Wordsworth.

4. (Elec.)

Defn: To cover, as an electrotype plate, with a thin layer of iron by
electrolysis. The iron thus deposited is very hard, like steel.

STEELBOW GOODS
Steel"bow` goods". (Scots Law)

Defn: Those goods on a farm, such as corn, cattle, implements
husbandry, etc., which may not be carried off by a removing tenant,
as being the property of the landlord.

STEELER
Steel"er, n.

Defn: One who points, edges, or covers with steel.

STEELER
Steel"er, n. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: Same as Stealer.

STEELHEAD
Steel"head`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A North Pacific salmon (Salmo Gairdneri) found from Northern
California to Siberia; -- called also hardhead, and preesil.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ruddy duck.

STEELINESS
Steel"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being steely.

STEELING
Steel"ing, n.

Defn: The process of pointing, edging, or overlaying with steel;
specifically, acierage. See Steel, v.

STEELY
Steel"y, a.

1. Made of steel; consisting of steel. "The steely point of
Clifford's lance." Shak.
Around his shop the steely sparkles flew. Gay.

2. Resembling steel; hard; firm; having the color of steel. "His hair
was steely gray." The Century.
She would unarm her noble heart of that steely resistance against the
sweet blows of love. Sir P. Sidney.
Steely iron, a compound of iron containing less than one half of one
per cent of carbon.

STEELYARD
Steel"yard, n. Etym: [So named from a place in London called the
Steelyard, which was a yard in which steel was sold.]

Defn: A form of balance in which the body to be weighed is suspended
from the shorter arm of a lever, which turns on a fulcrum, and a
counterpoise is caused to slide upon the longer arm to produce
equilibrium, its place upon this arm (which is notched or graduated)
indicating the weight; a Roman balance; -- very commonly used also in
the plural form, steelyards.

STEEM
Steem, n. & v.

Defn: See Esteem. [Obs.] Spenser.

STEEM
Steem, n. & v.

Defn: See 1st and 2nd Stem. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STEEN
Steen, n. Etym: [AS. st. See Stone.] [Written also stean.]

1. A vessel of clay or stone. "An huge great earth-pot steane."
Spenser.

2. A wall of brick, stone, or cement, used as a lining, as of a well,
cistern, etc.; a steening.

STEEN
Steen, v. t. Etym: [AS. st to adorn with stones or gems. See Stone.]

Defn: To line, as a well, with brick, stone, or other hard material.
[Written also stean, and stein.]

STEENBOK
Steen"bok`, n. Etym: [D. steen stone + bok buck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Steinbock.

STEENING
Steen"ing, n.

Defn: A lining made of brick, stone, or other hard material, as for a
well. [Written also steaning.]

STEENKIRK; STEINKIRK
Steen"kirk`, Stein"kirk`, n. Etym: [So called from the battle of
Steinkirk, in 1692, on which occasion the French nobles had no time
to arrange their lace neckcloths.]

Defn: A kind of neckcloth worn in a loose and disorderly fashion.

STEEP
Steep (step), a.

Defn: Bright; glittering; fiery. [Obs.]
His eyen steep, and rolling in his head. Chaucer.

STEEP
Steep, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Steeped (stept); p. pr. & vb. n.
Steeping.] Etym: [OE. stepen, probably fr. Icel. steypa to cause to
stoop, cast down, pour out, to cast metals, causative of stupa to
stoop; cf. Sw. stöpa to cast, to steep, Dan. stöbe, D. & G. stippen
to steep, to dip. Cf. Stoop, v. t.]

Defn: To soak in a liquid; to macerate; to extract the essence of by
soaking; as, to soften seed by steeping it in water. Often used
figuratively.
Let fancy still my sense in Lethe steep. Shak.
In refreshing dew to steep The little, trembling flowers. Wordsworth.
The learned of the nation were steeped in Latin. Earle.

STEEP
Steep, v. i.

Defn: To undergo the process of soaking in a liquid; as, the tea is
steeping. [Colloq.]

STEEP
Steep, n.

1. Something steeped, or used in steeping; a fertilizing liquid to
hasten the germination of seeds.

2. A rennet bag. [Prov. Eng.]

STEEP
Steep, a. [Comper. Steeper; superl. Steepest.] Etym: [OE. steep,
step, AS. steáp; akin to Icel. steyp steep, and stupa to stoop, Sw.
stupa to fall, to tilt; cf. OFries. stap high. Cf. Stoop, v. i.,
Steep, v. t., Steeple.]

1. Making a large angle with the plane of the horizon; ascending or
descending rapidly with respect to a horizontal line or a level;
precipitous; as, a steep hill or mountain; a steep roof; a steep
ascent; a steep declivity; a steep barometric gradient.

2. Difficult of access; not easy reached; lofty; elevated; high.
[Obs.] Chapman.

3. Excessive; as, a steep price. [Slang]

STEEP
Steep, n.

Defn: A precipitous place, hill, mountain, rock, or ascent; any
elevated object sloping with a large angle to the plane of the
horizon; a precipice. Dryden.
We had on each side naked rocks and mountains broken into a thousand
irregular steeps and precipices. Addison.
Bare steeps, where desolation stalks. Wordsworth.

STEEP-DOWN
Steep"-down`, a.

Defn: Deep and precipitous, having steep descent. [R.]
Wash me in steep-down gulfs of liquid fire. Shak.

STEEPEN
Steep"en, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Steepened; p. pr. & vb. n. Steepening.]

Defn: To become steep or steeper.
As the way steepened . . . I could detect in the hollow of the hill
some traces of the old path. H. Miller.

STEEPER
Steep"er, n.

Defn: A vessel, vat, or cistern, in which things are steeped.

STEEPINESS
Steep"i*ness, n.

Defn: Steepness. Howell.

STEEPISH
Steep"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat steep. Carlyle.

STEEPLE
Stee"ple, n. Etym: [OE. stepel, AS. stepel, st; akin to E. steep, a.]
(Arch.)

Defn: A spire; also, the tower and spire taken together; the whole of
a structure if the roof is of spire form. See Spire. "A weathercock
on a steeple." Shak. Rood steeple. See Rood tower, under Rood.
 -- Steeple bush (Bot.), a low shrub (Spiræa tomentosa) having dense
panicles of minute rose-colored flowers; hardhack.
 -- Steeple chase, a race across country between a number of
horsemen, to see which can first reach some distant object, as a
church steeple; hence, a race over a prescribed course obstructed by
such obstacles as one meets in riding across country, as hedges,
walls, etc.
 -- Steeple chaser, one who rides in a steeple chase; also, a horse
trained to run in a steeple chase.
 -- Steeple engine, a vertical back-acting steam engine having the
cylinder beneath the crosshead.
 -- Steeple house, a church. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

STEEPLECHASING
Stee"ple*chas`ing, n.

Defn: The act of riding steeple chases.

STEEPLE-CROWNED
Stee"ple-crowned`, a.

1. Bearing a steeple; as, a steeple-crowned building.

2. Having a crown shaped like a steeple; as, a steeple-crowned hat;
also, wearing a hat with such a crown.
This grave, beared, sable-cloaked, and steeple-crowned progenitor.
Hawthorne.

STEEPLED
Stee"pled, a.

Defn: Furnished with, or having the form of, a steeple; adorned with
steeples. Fairfax.

STEEPLY
Steep"ly, adv.

Defn: In a steep manner; with steepness; with precipitous declivity.

STEEPNESS
Steep"ness, n.

1. Quality or state of being steep; precipitous declivity; as, the
steepnessof a hill or a roof.

2. Height; loftiness. [Obs.] Chapman.

STEEP-UP
Steep"-up`, a.

Defn: Lofty and precipitous. [R.]
Her stand she takes upon a steep-up hill. Shak.

STEEPY
Steep"y, a.

Defn: Steep; precipitous. [Poetic]
No more, my goats, shall I belong you climb The steepy cliffs, or
crop the flow'ry thyme. Dryden.

STEER
Steer, n. Etym: [OE. steer, AS. steór; akin to D. & G. stier a bull,
OHG. stior, Icel. stjorr, , Sw. tjur, Dan. tyr, Goth. stiur, Russ.
tur', Pol. tur, Ir. & Gael. tarbh, W. tarw, L. taurus, Gr. sth
strong, stout, AS. stor large, Icel. storr, OHG. st, stiuri. *168.
Cf. Stirk, Taurine, a.]

Defn: A young male of the ox kind; especially, a common ox; a
castrated taurine male from two to four years old. See the Note under
Ox.

STEER
Steer, v. t.

Defn: To castrate; -- said of male calves.

STEER
Steer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Steered; p. pr. & vb. n. Steering.] Etym:
[OE. steeren, steren, AS. stiéran, st, steóran; akin to OFries.
stiora, stiura, D. sturen, OD. stieren, G. steuren, OHG. stiuren to
direct, support, G. steuer contribution, tax, Icel. st to steer,
govern,Sw. styra, Dan. styre, Goth. stiurjan to establish, AS. steór
a rudder, a helm, and probably to Icel. staurr a pale, stake, Gr.
stand. *168. Cf. Starboard, Stern, n.]

Defn: To direct the course of; to guide; to govern; -- applied
especially to a vessel in the water.
That with a staff his feeble steps did steer. Spenser.

STEER
Steer, v. i.

1. To direct a vessel in its course; to direct one's course. "No
helmsman steers." Tennyson.

2. To be directed and governed; to take a direction, or course; to
obey the helm; as, the boat steers easily.
Where the wind Veers oft, as oft [a ship] so steers, and shifts her
sail. Milton.

3. To conduct one's self; to take or pursue a course of action.

STEER
Steer, n. Etym: [AS. steór, stiór; akin to D. stuur, G. steuer, Icel.
st. *186. See Steer, v. t.] [Written also stere.]

Defn: A rudder or helm. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STEER
Steer, n. Etym: [AS. steóra. See Steer a rudder.]

Defn: A helmsman, a pilot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STEERABLE
Steer"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being steered; dirigible.

STEERAGE
Steer"age, n.

1. The act or practice of steering, or directing; as, the steerage of
a ship.
He left the city, and, in a most tempestuous season, forsook the helm
and steerage of the common wealth. Milton.

2. (Naut.)
(a) The effect of the helm on a ship; the manner in which an
individual ship is affected by the helm.
(b) The hinder part of a vessel; the stern. [R.] Swift.
(c) Properly, the space in the after part of a vessel, under the
cabin, but used generally to indicate any part of a vessel having the
poorest accommodations and occupied by passengers paying the lowest
rate of fare.

3. Direction; regulation; management; guidance.
He that hath the steerage of my course. Shak.

4. That by which a course is directed. [R.]
Here he hung on high, The steerage of his wings. Dryden.
Steerage passenger, a passenger who takes passage in the steerage of
a vessel.

STEERAGEWAY
Steer"age*way`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A rate of motion through the water sufficient to render a
vessel governable by the helm.

STEERER
Steer"er, n.

Defn: One who steers; as, a boat steerer.

STEERING
Steer"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Steer, v. Steering wheel (Naut.), the wheel by means of
which the rudder of a vessel is turned and the vessel is steered.

STEERLESS
Steer"less, a.

Defn: Having no rudder. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STEERLING
Steer"ling, n.

Defn: A young small steer.

STEERSMAN
Steers"man, n.; pl. Steersmen. Etym: [Steer a rudder + man: cf. AS.
steórman.]

Defn: One who steers; the helmsman of a vessel. Milton.

STEERSMATE
Steers"mate, n. Etym: [Steer a rudder + mate a companion.]

Defn: One who steers; steersman. [Obs.] Milton.

STEEVE
Steeve, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Steeved; p. pr. & vb. n. Steeving.] Etym:
[Cf. OD. steve staff, E. stem, n.] (Shipbuilding)

Defn: To project upward, or make an angle with the horizon or with
the line of a vessel's keel; -- said of the bowsprit, etc.

STEEVE
Steeve, v. t.

1. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: To elevate or fix at an angle with the horizon; -- said of the
bowsprit, etc.

2. To stow, as bales in a vessel's hold, by means of a steeve. See
Steeve, n. (b).

STEEVE
Steeve, n. (Naut.)
(a) The angle which a bowsprit makes with the horizon, or with the
line of the vessel's keel; -- called also steeving.
(b) A spar, with a block at one end, used in stowing cotton bales,
and similar kinds of cargo which need to be packed tightly.

STEEVING
Steev"ing, n.

1. The act or practice of one who steeves.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: See Steeve, n. (a).

STEG
Steg, n. Etym: [Icel. steggr the male of several animals. Cf. Stag.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A gander. [Written also stag.] [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

STEGANOGRAPHIST
Steg`a*nog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: One skilled in steganography; a cryptographer.

STEGANOGRAPHY
Steg`a*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: The art of writing in cipher, or in characters which are not
intelligible except to persons who have the key; cryptography.

STEGANOPHTHALMATA
Steg`a*noph*thal"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Discophora, or Phanerocarpæ. Called also Steganophthalmia.

STEGANOPOD
Ste*gan"o*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Steganopodes.

STEGANOPODES
Steg`a*nop"o*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of swimming birds in which all four toes are united
by a broad web. It includes the pelicans, cormorants, gannets, and
others.

STEGANOPODOUS
Steg`a*nop"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having all four toes webbed together.

STEGNOSIS
Steg*no"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Stegnotic.] (Med.)

Defn: Constipation; also, constriction of the vessels or ducts.

STEGNOTIC
Steg*no"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Tending to render costive, or to diminish excretions or
discharges generally.
 -- n.

Defn: A stegnotic medicine; an astringent.

STEGOCEPHALA
Steg`o*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct order of amphibians found fossil in the Mesozoic
rocks; called also Stegocephali, and Labyrinthodonta.

Note: Their teeth, in transverse sections, usually show a
labyrinthiform arrangement of the cement and dentine. The under side
of the body was covered with bony plates. Some of the Stegocephala
were of very large size, and the form of the body varied from short,
stout forms to others that were as slender as serpents.

STEGOSAURIA
Steg`o*sau"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Stegosaurus.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct order of herbivorous dinosaurs, including the genera
Stegosaurus, Omosaurus, and their allies.

STEGOSAURUS
Steg`o*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of large Jurassic dinosaurs remarkable for a powerful
dermal armature of plates and spines.

STEIK
Steik, v. t.

Defn: See Steek. [Scot.]

STEIN
Stein, n. & v.

Defn: See Steen.

STEINBOCK
Stein"bock`, n. Etym: [G. stein stone + bock buck, D. bok. Cf.
Steenbok.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The European ibex.
(b) A small South African antelope (Nanotragus tragulus) which
frequents dry, rocky districts; -- called also steenbok. [Written
also steinboc, and steinbok; also called stonebock, and stonebuck.]

STEINGALE
Stein"gale, n.

Defn: The stannel. [Prov. Eng.]

STEINING
Stein"ing, n.

Defn: See Steening.

STEINKIRK
Stein"kirk`, n.

Defn: Same as Steenkirk.

STEINKLE
Stein"kle, n.

Defn: The wheater. [Prov. Eng.]

STELA
Ste"la, n.; pl. Stelæ. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A small column or pillar, used as a monument, milestone, etc.

STELE
Ste"le, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Same as Stela.
One of these steles, containing the Greek version of the ordinance,
has recently been discovered. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

STELE
Stele, n. Etym: [See Stale a handle.]

Defn: A stale, or handle; a stalk. [Obs.] Chaucer. Holland.

STELENE
Ste"lene, a. Etym: [See Stela.]

Defn: Resembling, or used as, a stela; columnar. [R.]

STELL
Stell, v. t. Etym: [AS. stellan. *163.]

Defn: To place or fix firmly or permanently. [Obs.] Shak.

STELL
Stell, n. Etym: [See Stell, v. t.]

1. A prop; a support, as for the feet in standing or cilmbing.
[Scot.]

2. A partial inclosure made by a wall or trees, to serve as a shelter
for sheep or cattle. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

STELLAR; STELLARY
Stel"lar, Stel"la*ry, a. Etym: [L. stellaris, fr. stella a star. See
Star.]

1. Of or pertaining to stars; astral; as, a stellar figure; stellary
orbs.
[These soft fires] in part shed down Their stellar virtue. Milton.

2. Full of stars; starry; as, stellar regions.

STELLATE; STELLATED
Stel"late, Stel"la*ted, a. Etym: [L. stellatus, p.p. of stellare to
set or cover with stars, from stella a star. See Stellar.]

1. Resembling a star; pointed or radiated, like the emblem of a star.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Starlike; having similar parts radiating from a common center;
as, stellate flowers.

STELLATION
Stel*la"tion, n.

Defn: Radiation of light. [Obs.]

STELLED
Stelled, a. Etym: [See Stell to place.]

Defn: Firmly placed or fixed. [Obs.] "The stelled fires" [the stars].
Shak.

Note: [In this passage by some defined as "starry," as if from
stellatus.]

STELLER
Stel"ler, n. Etym: [After Geo. W.Steller, a German naturalist.]
(Zoöl)

Defn: The rytina; -- called also stellerine.

STELLERID
Stel"ler*id, n. Etym: [L. stella a star.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A starfish.

STELLERIDA
Stel*ler"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive group of echinoderms, comprising the starfishes
and ophiurans.

STELLERIDAN; STELLERIDEAN
Stel*ler"i*dan, Stel`ler*id"e*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A starfish, or brittle star.

STELLIFEROUS
Stel*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. stellifer; stella star + ferre 8bear.]

Defn: Having, or abounding with, stars.

STELLIFORM
Stel"li*form, a. Etym: [L. stella a star + -form.]

Defn: Like a star; star-shaped; radiated.

STELLIFY
Stel"li*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. stella a star + -fy.]

Defn: To turn into a star; to cause to appear like a star; to place
among the stars, or in heaven. [Obs. or R.] B. Jonson.

STELLION
Stel"lion, n. Etym: [L. stellio a newt having starlike spots on its
back, fr. stella a star.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lizard (Stellio vulgaris), common about the Eastern
Mediterranean among ruins. In color it is olive-green, shaded with
black, with small stellate spots. Called also hardim, and star
lizard.

STELLIONATE
Stel"lion*ate, n. Etym: [L. stellionatus cozenage, trickery, fr.
stellio a newt, a crafty, knavish person.] (Scots & Roman Law)

Defn: Any fraud not distinguished by a more special name; -- chiefly
applied to sales of the same property to two different persons, or
selling that for one's own which belongs to another, etc. Erskine.

STELLULAR
Stel"lu*lar, a. Etym: [L. stellula, dim. of stella a star.]

1. Having the shape or appearance of little stars; radiated.

2. Marked with starlike spots of color.

STELLULATE
Stel"lu*late, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Minutely stellate.

STELMATOPODA
Stel`ma*top"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Gymnolæmata.

STELOGRAPHY
Ste*log"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. Gr.

Defn: The art of writing or inscribing characters on pillars. [R.]
Stackhouse.

STEM; STEEM
Stem, Steem, v. i.

Defn: To gleam. [Obs.]
His head bald, that shone as any glass, . . . [And] stemed as a
furnace of a leed [caldron]. Chaucer.

STEM; STEEM
Stem, Steem, n.

Defn: A gleam of light; flame. [Obs.]

STEM
Stem, n. Etym: [AS. stemn, stefn, stæfn; akin to OS. stamn the stem
of a ship, D. stam stem, steven stem of a ship, G. stamm stem, steven
stem of a ship, Icel. stafn, stamn, stem of a ship, stofn, stomn,
stem, Sw. stam a tree trunk, Dan. stamme. Cf. Staff, Stand.]

1. The principal body of a tree, shrub, or plant, of any kind; the
main stock; the part which supports the branches or the head or top.
After they are shot up thirty feet in length, they spread a very
large top, having no bough nor twig in the trunk or the stem. Sir W.
Raleigh.
The lowering spring, with lavish rain, Beats down the slender stem
and breaded grain. Dryden.

2. A little branch which connects a fruit, flower, or leaf with a
main branch; a peduncle, pedicel, or petiole; as, the stem of an
apple or a cherry.

3. The stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors. "All
that are of noble stem." Milton.
While I do pray, learn here thy stem And true descent. Herbert.

4. A branch of a family.
This is a stem Of that victorious stock. Shak.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: A curved piece of timber to which the two sides of a ship are
united at the fore end. The lower end of it is scarfed to the keel,
and the bowsprit rests upon its upper end. Hence, the forward part of
a vessel; the bow.

6. Fig.: An advanced or leading position; the lookout.
Wolsey sat at the stem more than twenty years. Fuller.

7. Anything resembling a stem or stalk; as, the stem of a tobacco
pipe; the stem of a watch case, or that part to which the ring, by
which it is suspended, is attached.

8. (Bot.)

Defn: That part of a plant which bears leaves, or rudiments of
leaves, whether rising above ground or wholly subterranean.

9. (Zoöl.)
(a) The entire central axis of a feather.
(b) The basal portion of the body of one of the Pennatulacea, or of a
gorgonian.

10. (Mus.)

Defn: The short perpendicular line added to the body of a note; the
tail of a crotchet, quaver, semiquaver, etc.

11. (Gram.)

Defn: The part of an inflected word which remains unchanged (except
by euphonic variations) throughout a given inflection; theme; base.
From stem to stern (Naut.), from one end of the ship to the other, or
through the whole length.
 -- Stem leaf (Bot.), a leaf growing from the stem of a plant, as
contrasted with a basal or radical leaf.

STEM
Stem, v. t.

1. To remove the stem or stems from; as, to stem cherries; to remove
the stem and its appendages (ribs and veins) from; as, to stem
tobacco leaves.

2. To ram, as clay, into a blasting hole.

STEM
Stem, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stemmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Stemming.] Etym:
[Either from stem, n., or akin to stammer; cf. G. stemmen to press
against.]

Defn: To oppose or cut with, or as with, the stem of a vessel; to
resist, or make progress against; to stop or check the flow of, as a
current. "An argosy to stem the waves." Shak.
[They] stem the flood with their erected breasts. Denham.
Stemmed the wild torrent of a barbarous age. Pope.

STEM
Stem, v. i.

Defn: To move forward against an obstacle, as a vessel against a
current.
Stemming nightly toward the pole. Milton.

STEM-CLASPING
Stem"-clasp`ing, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Embracing the stem with its base; amplexicaul; as a leaf or
petiole.

STEMLESS
Stem"less, a.

Defn: Having no stem; (Bot.) acaulescent.

STEMLET
Stem"let, n.

Defn: A small or young stem.

STEMMA
Stem"ma, n.; pl. Stemmata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the ocelli of an insect. See Ocellus.
(b) One of the facets of a compound eye of any arthropod.

STEMMER
Stem"mer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, stems (in any of the senses of the
verbs).

STEMMERY
Stem"mer*y, n.

Defn: A large building in which tobacco is stemmed. [U. S.] Bartlett.

STEMMY
Stem"my, a.

Defn: Abounding in stems, or mixed with stems; -- said of tea, dried
currants, etc. [Colloq.]

STEMPLE
Stem"ple, n. Etym: [G. stempel a stamp, a prop, akin to E. stamp.]
(Mining)

Defn: A crossbar of wood in a shaft, serving as a step.

STEMSON
Stem"son, n. Etym: [See Stem, n., and Keelson, and cf. Sternson.]
(Shipbuilding)

Defn: A piece of curved timber bolted to the stem, keelson, and apron
in a ship's frame near the bow.

STEM-WINDER
Stem"-wind`er, n.

Defn: A stem-winding watch. [Colloq.]

STEM-WINDING
Stem"-wind`ing, a.

Defn: Wound by mechanism connected with the stem; as, a stem-winding
watch.

STENCH
Stench, v. t.

Defn: To stanch. [Obs.] Harvey.

STENCH
Stench, n. Etym: [AS. stenc a strong smell, fr. stincan. See Stink,
v. i.]

1. A smell; an odor. [Obs.]
Clouds of savory stench involve the sky. Dryden.

2. An ill smell; an offensive odor; a stink. Cowper. Stench trap, a
contrivance to prevent stench or foul air from rising from the
openings of sewers, drains, etc.

STENCH
Stench, v. t. Etym: [AS. stencan to emit a smell, fr. stincan to
smell. See Stench, n.]

Defn: To cause to emit a disagreeable odor; to cause to stink. [Obs.]
Young.

STENCHY
Stench"y, a.

Defn: Having a stench. [Obs.] Dyer.

STENCIL
Sten"cil, n. Etym: [Probably from OF. estincelle spangle, spark, F.
étincelle spark, L. scintilla. See Scintillate, and cf. Tinsel.]

Defn: A thin plate of metal, leather, or other material, used in
painting, marking, etc. The pattern is cut out of the plate, which is
then laid flat on the surface to be marked, and the color brushed
over it. Called also stencil plate.

STENCIL
Sten"cil, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stenciled or Stencilled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Stenciling or Stencilling.]

Defn: To mark, paint, or color in figures with stencils; to form or
print by means of a stencil.

STENCILER
Sten"cil*er, n.

Defn: One who paints or colors in figures by means of stencil.
[Written also stenciller.]

STENODERM
Sten"o*derm, n. Etym: [Gr. -derm.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of bat belonging to the genus Stenoderma, native of
the West Indies and South America. These bats have a short or
rudimentary tail and a peculiarly shaped nose membrane.

STENODERMINE
Sten`o*der"mine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the genus Stenoderma, which includes
several West Indian and South American nose-leaf bats.

STENOGRAPH
Sten"o*graph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stenographed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Stenographing.]

Defn: To write or report in stenographic characters.

STENOGRAPH
Sten"o*graph, n.

Defn: A production of stenography; anything written in shorthand.
I saw the reporters' room, in which they redact their hasty
stenographs. Emerson.

STENOGRAPHER
Ste*nog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who is skilled in stenography; a writer of shorthand.

STENOGRAPHIC; STENOGRAPHICAL
Sten`o*graph"ic, Sten`o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
sténographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to stenography.

STENOGRAPHIST
Ste*nog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: A stenographer.

STENOGRAPHY
Ste*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. graphy: cf. F. sténographie, G.
stenographie.]

Defn: The art of writing in shorthand, by using abbreviations or
characters for whole words; shorthand.

STENOPHYLLOUS
Ste*noph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having narrow leaves.

STENOSIS
Ste*no"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A narrowing of the opening or hollow of any passage, tube, or
orifice; as, stenosis of the pylorus. It differs from stricture in
being applied especially to diffused rather than localized
contractions, and in always indicating an origin organic and not
spasmodic.

STENOSTOME
Sten"o*stome, a. Etym: [Gr. steno`s narrow, little + sto`ma mouth.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a small or narrow mouth; -- said of certain small ground
snakes (Opoterodonta), which are unable to dilate their jaws.

STENT
Stent, v. t. [Obs. imp. Stente; obs. p. p. Stent.] Etym: [See Stint.]

Defn: To keep within limits; to restain; to cause to stop, or cease;
to stint.
Then would he weep, he might not be stent. Chaucer.
Yet n'ould she stent Her bitter railing and foul revilement. Spenser.

STENT
Stent, v. i.

Defn: To stint; to stop; to cease.
And of this cry they would never stenten. Chaucer.

STENT
Stent, n.

Defn: An allotted portion; a stint. "Attain'd his journey's stent."
Mir. for Mag.

STENTING
Stent"ing, n.

Defn: An opening in a wall in a coal mine. [Written also stenton.]
[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

STENTOR
Sten"tor, n. Etym: [L. Stentor, Gr.

1. A herald, in the Iliad, who had a very loud voice; hence, any
person having a powerful voice.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of ciliated Infusoria belonging to the genus
Stentor and allied genera, common in fresh water. The stentors have a
bell-shaped, or cornucopia-like, body with a circle of cilia around
the spiral terminal disk. See Illust. under Heterotricha.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A howling monkey, or howler.

STENTORIAN
Sten*to"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. stentoreus; cf. Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a stentor; extremely loud; powerful; as, a
stentorian voice; stentorian lungs.

STENTORIN
Sten"to*rin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A blue coloring matter found in some stentors. See Stentor, 2.

STENTORIOUS
Sten*to"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Stentorian. [R.]

STENTORONIC
Sten`to*ron"ic, a.

Defn: Stentorian. [Obs.]

STENTOROPHONIC
Sten`to*ro*phon"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Stentor.]

Defn: Speaking or sounding very loud; stentorian. [Obs.]
Of this stentorophonic horn of Alexander there is a preserved in the
Vatican. Derham.

STEP
Step, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stepped; p. pr. & vb. n. Stepping.] Etym:
[AS. stæppan; akin to OFries. steppa, D. stappen to step, stap a
step, OHG. stepfen to step, G. stapfe a footstep, OHG. stapfo, G.
stufe a step to step on; cf. Gr. Stamp, n. & a.]

1. To move the foot in walking; to advance or recede by raising and
moving one of the feet to another resting place, or by moving both
feet in succession.

2. To walk; to go on foot; esp., to walk a little distance; as, to
step to one of the neighbors.

3. To walk slowly, gravely, or resolutely.
Home the swain retreats, His flock before him stepping to the fold.
Thomson.

4. Fig.: To move mentally; to go in imagination.
They are stepping almost three thousand years back into the remotest
antiquity. Pope.
To step aside, to walk a little distance from the rest; to retire
from company.
 -- To step forth, to move or come forth.
 -- To step in or into. (a) To walk or advance into a place or state,
or to advance suddenly in.
Whosoever then first, after the troubling of the water, stepped in,
was made whole of whatsoever disease he had. John v. 4.
(b) To enter for a short time; as, I just stepped into the house. (c)
To obtain possession without trouble; to enter upon easily or
suddenly; as, to step into an estate.
 -- To step out. (a) (Mil.) To increase the length, but not the
rapidity, of the step, extending it to thirty-tree inches. (b) To go
out for a short distance or a short time.
 -- To step short (Mil.), to diminish the length or rapidity of the
step according to the established rules.

STEP
Step, v. t.

1. To set, as the foot.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To fix the foot of (a mast) in its step; to erect. To step off,
to measure by steps, or paces; hence, to divide, as a space, or to
form a series of marks, by successive measurements, as with dividers.

STEP
Step, n. Etym: [AS. stæpe. See Step, v. i.]

1. An advance or movement made by one removal of the foot; a pace.

2. A rest, or one of a set of rests, for the foot in ascending or
descending, as a stair, or a round of a ladder.
The breadth of every single step or stair should be never less than
one foot. Sir H. Wotton.

3. The space passed over by one movement of the foot in walking or
running; as, one step is generally about three feet, but may be more
or less. Used also figuratively of any kind of progress; as, he
improved step by step, or by steps.
To derive two or three general principles of motion from phenomena,
and afterwards to tell us how the properties and actions of all
corporeal things follow from those manifest principles, would be a
very great step in philosophy. Sir I. Newton.

4. A small space or distance; as, it is but a step.

5. A print of the foot; a footstep; a footprint; track.

6. Gait; manner of walking; as, the approach of a man is often known
by his step.

7. Proceeding; measure; action; an act.
The reputation of a man depends on the first steps he makes in the
world. Pope.
Beware of desperate steps. The darkest day, Live till to-morrow, will
have passed away. Cowper.
I have lately taken steps . . . to relieve the old gentleman's
distresses. G. W. Cable.

8. pl.

Defn: Walk; passage.
Conduct my steps to find the fatal tree. Dryden.

9. pl.

Defn: A portable framework of stairs, much used indoors in reaching
to a high position.

10. (Naut.)

Defn: In general, a framing in wood or iron which is intended to
receive an upright shaft; specif., a block of wood, or a solid
platform upon the keelson, supporting the heel of the mast.

11. (Mach.)
(a) One of a series of offsets, or parts, resembling the steps of
stairs, as one of the series of parts of a cone pulley on which the
belt runs.
(b) A bearing in which the lower extremity of a spindle or a vertical
shaft revolves.

12. (Mus.)

Defn: The intervak between two contiguous degrees of the csale.

Note: The word tone is often used as the name of this interval; but
there is evident incongruity in using tone for indicating the
interval between tones. As the word scale is derived from the Italian
scala, a ladder, the intervals may well be called steps.

13. (Kinematics)

Defn: A change of position effected by a motion of translation. W. K.
Clifford. Back step, Half step, etc. See under Back, Half, etc.
 -- Step grate, a form of grate for holding fuel, in which the bars
rise above one another in the manner of steps.
 -- To take steps, to take action; to move in a matter.

STEP-
Step-. Etym: [AS. steóp-; akin to OFries. stiap-, stiep-, D. & G.
stief-, OHG. stiuf-, Icel. stj, Sw. styf-, and to AS. astepan,
asteópan, to deprive, bereave, as children of their parents, OHG.
stiufen.]

Defn: A prefix used before father, mother, brother, sister, son,
daughter, child, etc., to indicate that the person thus spoken of is
not a blood relative, but is a relative by the marriage of a parent;
as, a stepmother to X is the wife of the father of X, married by him
after the death of the mother of X. See Stepchild, Stepdaughter,
Stepson, etc.

STEPBROTHER
Step"broth`er, n.

Defn: A brother by the marriage of one's father with the mother of
another, or of one's mother with the father of another.

STEPCHILD
Step"child`, n. Etym: [AS. steópcild.]

1. A bereaved child; one who has lost father or mother. [Obs.]

2. A son or daughter of one's wife or husband by a former marriage.

STEPDAME
Step"dame`, n.

Defn: A stepmother. Spenser.

STEPDAUGHTER
Step"daugh`ter, n. Etym: [AS. steópdohtor.]

Defn: A daughter of one's wife or husband by a former marriage.

STEP-DOWN
Step"-down`, a. (Elec.)

Defn: Transforming or converting a current of high potential or
pressure into one of low pressure; as, a step-down transformer.

STEPFATHER
Step"fa`ther, n. Etym: [AS. steópfæder.]

Defn: The husband of one's mother by a subsequent marriage.

STEPHANION
Ste*pha"ni*on, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The point on the side of the skull where the temporal line, or
upper edge of the temporal fossa, crosses the coronal suture.

STEPHANITE
Steph"an*ite, n. Etym: [So named after the Archduke Stephan, mining
director of Austria.] (Min.)

Defn: A sulphide of antimony and silver of an iron-black color and
metallic luster; called also black silver, and brittle silver ore.

STEPHANOTIS
Steph`a*no"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of climbing asclepiadaceous shrubs, of Madagascar,
Malaya, etc. They have fleshy or coriaceous opposite leaves, and
large white waxy flowers in cymes.

2. A perfume said to be prepared from the flowers of Stephanotis
floribunda.

STEPLADDER
Step"lad`der, n.

Defn: A portable set of steps.

STEPMOTHER
Step"moth`er, n. Etym: [AS. steópmoder.]

Defn: The wife of one's father by a subsequent marriage.

STEPPARENT
Step"par`ent, n.

Defn: Stepfather or stepmother.

STEPPE
Steppe, n. Etym: [From Russ. stepe, through G. or F. steppe.]

Defn: One of the vast plains in Southeastern Europe and in Asia,
generally elevated, and free from wood, analogous to many of the
prairies in Western North America. See Savanna. Steppe murrain.
(Far.) See Rinderpest.

STEPPED
Stepped, a.

Defn: Provided with a step or steps; having a series of offsets or
parts resembling the steps of stairs; as, a stepped key. Stepped
gear, a cogwheel of which the teeth cross the face in a series of
steps.

STEPPER
Step"per, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, steps; as, a quick stepper.

STEPPING-STONE
Step"ping-stone`, n.

1. A stone to raise the feet above the surface of water or mud in
walking.

2. Fig.: A means of progress or advancement.
These obstacles his genius had turned into stepping-stones. Macaulay.
That men may rise on stepping-stones Of their dead selves to higher
things. Tennyson.

STEPSISTER
Step"sis`ter, n.

Defn: A daughter of one's stepfather or stepmother by a former
marriage.

STEPSON
Step"son`, n. Etym: [AS. steópsunu.]

Defn: A son of one's husband or wife by a former marriage.

STEPSTONE
Step"stone`, n.

Defn: A stone laid before a door as a stair to rise on in entering
the house.

STEP-UP
Step"-up`, a. (Elec.)

Defn: Transforming or converting a low-pressure current into one of
high pressure; as, a step-up transformer.

-STER
-ster. Etym: [OE. & AS. -estre, -istre.]

Defn: A suffix denoting the agent (originally a woman), especially a
person who does something with skill or as an occupation; as in
spinster (originally, a woman who spins), songster, baxter (=
bakester), youngster.

Note: Brewing, baking, and weaving were formerly feminine labors, and
consequently brewster, baxter, and webster meant, originally, the
woman (not the man) who brews, bakes, or weaves. When men began to
perform these duties the feminine appellations were retained.

STERCOBILIN
Ster`co*bi"lin, n. Etym: [L. stercus dung + E. bilin.] (Physiol.
Chem.)

Defn: A coloring matter found in the fæces, a product of the
alteration of the bile pigments in the intestinal canal, -- identical
with hydrobilirubin.

STERCOLIN
Ster"co*lin, n. Etym: [L. stercus dung + oleum oil.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Same as Serolin (b).

STERCORACEOUS
Ster`co*ra"ceous, a. Etym: [L. stercus, -oris, dung.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to dung; partaking of the nature of, or
containing, dung.

STERCORANISM
Ster"co*ra*nism, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The doctrine or belief of the Stercoranists.

STERCORANIST
Ster"co*ra*nist, n. Etym: [LL. stercoranista, fr. L. stercus, -oris,
dung.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A nickname formerly given to those who held, or were alleged to
hold, that the consecrated elements in the eucharist undergo the
process of digestion in the body of the recipient.

STERCORARIAN
Ster`co*ra"ri*an, n.

Defn: A Stercoranist.

STERCORARY
Ster"co*ra*ry, n. Etym: [LL. stercorarium, from L. stercorarius
belonging to dung.]

Defn: A place, properly secured from the weather, for containing
dung.

STERCORATE
Ster"co*rate, n.

Defn: Excrement; dung. [Obs.]

STERCORATION
Ster`co*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. stercoratio, from stercorare to dung.]

Defn: Manuring with dung. [Obs.] Bacon.

STERCORIANISM
Ster*co"ri*an*ism, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: The doctrine or belief of the Stercoranists.

STERCORIN
Ster"co*rin, n. Etym: [L. stercus, -oris, dung.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Same as Serolin (b).

STERCORY
Ster"co*ry, n.

Defn: Excrement; dung. [Obs.]

STERCULIACEOUS
Ster*cu`li*a"ceous, a. Etym: [NL. Sterculia, the typical genus, fr.
L. Sterculius the deity that presided over manuring, from stercus
dung. So called because one of the original species is fetid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order (Sterculiaceæ) of
polypetalous exogenous plants, mostly tropical. The cacao (Theobroma
Cacao) is the most useful plant of the order.

STERE
Stere, n. Etym: [F. stère, fr. Gr.

Defn: A unit of cubic measure in the metric system, being a cubic
meter, or kiloliter, and equal to 35.3 cubic feet, or nearly 1

STERE
Stere, v. t. & i.

Defn: To stir. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STERE
Stere, n.

Defn: A rudder. See 5th Steer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STERE
Stere, n.

Defn: Helmsman. See 6th Steer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STERELMINTHA
Ster`el*min"tha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. stereo`s solid + (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Platyelminthes.

STEREO-
Ste"re*o-. Etym: [Gr. stereo`s solid. See Stare to gaze.]

Defn: A combining form meaning solid, hard, firm, as in stereo-
chemistry, stereography.

STEREOBATE
Ste"re*o*bate, n. Etym: [Gr. stereo`s solid + stéréobate.] (Arch.)

Defn: The lower part or basement of a building or pedestal; -- used
loosely for several different forms of basement.

STEREO-CHEMIC; STEREO-CHEMICAL
Ste`re*o-chem"ic, Ste`re*o-chem"ic*al, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or illustrating, the hypothetical space
relations of atoms in the molecule; as, a stereo-chemic formula.

STEREO-CHEMISTRY
Ste`re*o-chem"is*try, n. Etym: [Stereo- + chemistry.] (Chem.)

Defn: Chemistry considered with reference to the space relations of
atoms.

STEREOCHROME
Ste"re*o*chrome, n.

Defn: Stereochromic picture.

STEREOCHROMIC
Ste`re*o*chro"mic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the art of stereochromy; produced by
stereochromy.
 -- Ste`re*o*chro"mic*al*ly, adv.

STEREOCHROMY
Ste`re*och"ro*my, n. Etym: [Stereo- + Gr. chrw^ma color.]

Defn: A style of painting on plastered walls or stone, in which the
colors are rendered permanent by sprinklings of water, in which is
mixed a proportion of soluble glass (a silicate of soda).

STEREOELECTRIC
Ste`re*o*e*lec"tric, a. Etym: [Stereo- + electric.] (Physics)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the generation of electricity by means of
solid bodies alone; as, a stereoelectric current is one obtained by
means of solids, without any liquid.

STEREOGRAM
Ste"re*o*gram, n. Etym: [Stereo- + -gram.]

Defn: A diagram or picture which represents objects in such a way as
to give the impression of relief or solidity; also, a stereograph.

STEREOGRAPH
Ste"re*o*graph, n. Etym: [Stereo- + -graph.]

Defn: Any picture, or pair of pictures, prepared for exhibition in
the stereoscope. Stereographs are now commonly made by means of
photography.

STEREOGRAPHIC; STEREOGRAPHICAL
Ste`re*o*graph"ic, Ste`re*o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
stéréographique.]

Defn: Made or done according to the rules of stereography; delineated
on a plane; as, a stereographic chart of the earth. Stereographic
projection (Geom.), a method of representing the sphere in which the
center of projection is taken in the surface of the sphere, and the
plane upon which the projection is made is at right andles to the
diameter passing through the center of projection.

STEREOGRAPHICALLY
Ste`re*o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a stereographical manner; by delineation on a plane.

STEREOGRAPHY
Ste`re*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Stereo- + graphy: cf. F. stéréographie.]

Defn: The art of delineating the forms of solid bodies on a plane; a
branch of solid geometry which shows the construction of all solids
which are regularly defined.

Note: By cutting pieces of cardboard, or other suitable material, in
the forms represented in the cut, folding them along the lines
indicated, and joining their edges, the five regular solids may be
formed.

STEREOMETER
Ste`re*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Stereo- + meter.] (Physics)

1. An instrument for measuring the solid contents of a body, or the
capacity of a vessel; a volumenometer.

2. An instrument for determining the specific gravity of liquid
bodies, porous bodies, and powders, as well as solids.

STEREOMETRIC; STEREOMETRICAL
Ste`re*o*met"ric, Ste`re*o*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
stéréométrique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to stereometry; performed or obtained by
stereometry.
 -- Ste`re*o*met"ric*al*ly, adv.

STEREOMETRY
Ste`re*om"e*try, n. Etym: [Stereo- + -metry: cf. F. stéréométrie.]

Defn: The art of measuring and computing the cubical contents of
bodies and figures; -- distinguished from planimetry.

STEREOMONOSCOPE
Ste`re*o*mon"o*scope, n. Etym: [Stereo- + mono- + -scope.]

Defn: An instrument with two lenses, by which an image of a single
picture projected upon a screen of ground glass is made to present an
appearance of relief, and may be viewed by several persons at once.

STEREOPLASM
Ste"re*o*plasm, n. Etym: [Stereo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The solid or insoluble portion of the cell protoplasm. See
Hygroplasm.

STEREOPTICON
Ste`re*op"ti*con, n. Etym: [NL. See Stereo-, and Optic.]

Defn: An instrument, consisting essentially of a magic lantern in
which photographic pictures are used, by which the image of a
landscape, or any object, may be thrown upon a screen in such a
manner as to seem to stand out in relief, so as to form a striking
and accurate representation of the object itself; also, a pair of
magic lanterns for producing the effect of dissolving views.

STEREOSCOPE
Ste"re*o*scope, n. Etym: [Stereo- + -scope.]

Defn: An optical instrument for giving to pictures the appearance of
solid forms, as seen in nature. It combines in one, through a bending
of the rays of light, two pictures, taken for the purpose from points
of view a little way apart. It is furnished with two eyeglasses, and
by refraction or reflection the pictures are superimposed, so as to
appear as one to the observer.

Note: In the reflecting stereoscope, the rays from the two pictures
are turned into the proper direction for stereoscopic vision by two
plane mirrors set at an angle with each other, and between the
pictures. In the lenticular stereoscope, the form in general use, the
eyeglasses are semilenses, or marginal portions of the same convex
lenses, set with their edges toward each other, so that they deflect
the rays coming from the picture so as to strike the eyes as if
coming direct from an intermediate point, where the two pictures are
seen apparently as one.

STEREOSCOPIC; STEREOSCOPICAL
Ste`re*o*scop"ic, Ste`re*o*scop"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the stereoscope; characteristic of, or
adapted to, the stereoscope; as, a stereoscopic effect; the
stereoscopic function of the eyeglasses; stereoscopic views.
 -- Ste`re*o*scop"ic*al*ly, adv.

STEREOSCOPIST
Ste`re*os"co*pist, n.

Defn: One skilled in the use or construction of stereoscopes.

STEREOSCOPY
Ste`re*os"co*py, n.

Defn: The art or science of using the stereoscope, or of constructing
the instrument or the views used with it.

STEREOSTATIC
Ste`re*o*stat"ic, a. Etym: [Stereo- + static.] (Civil. Engin.)

Defn: Geostatic.

STEREOTOMIC; STEREOTOMICAL
Ste`re*o*tom"ic, Ste`re*o*tom"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to stereotomy; performed by stereotomy.

STEREOTOMY
Ste`re*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [Stereo- + Gr. stéréotomie.]

Defn: The science or art of cutting solids into certain figures or
sections, as arches, and the like; especially, the art of
stonecutting.

STEREOTYPE
Ste"re*o*type, n. Etym: [Stereo- + -type: cf. F. stéréotype.]

1. A plate forming an exact faximile of a page of type or of an
engraving, used in printing books, etc.; specifically, a plate with
type-metal face, used for printing.

Note: A stereotype, or stereotypr plate, is made by setting movable
type as for ordinary printing; from these a cast is taken in plaster
of Paris, paper pulp, or the like, and upon this cast melted type
metal is poured, which, when hardened, makes a solid page or column,
from which the impression is taken as from type.

2. The art or process of making such plates, or of executing work by
means of them. Stereotype block, a block, usually of wood, to which a
stereotype plate is attached while being used in printing.

STEREOTYPE
Ste"re*o*type, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stereotyped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Stereotyping.] Etym: [Cf. F. stéréotyper.]

1. To prepare for printing in stereotype; to make the stereotype
plates of; as, to stereotype the Bible.

2. Fig.: To make firm or permanent; to fix.
Powerful causes tending to stereotype and aggravate the poverty of
old conditions. Duke of Argyll (1887).

STEREOTYPED
Ste"re*o*typed, a.

1. Formed into, or printed from, stereotype plates.

2. Fig.: Formed in a fixed, unchangeable manner; as, stereotyped
opinions.
Our civilization, with its stereotyped ways and smooth
conventionalities. J. C. Shairp.

STEREOTYPER
Ste"re*o*ty`per, n.

Defn: One who stereotypes; one who makes stereotype plates, or works
in a stereotype foundry.

STEREOTYPERY
Ste"re*o*ty`per*y, n.

1. The art, process, or employment of making stereotype plates.

2. A place where stereotype plates are made; a stereotype foundry.

STEREOTYPIC
Ste`re*o*typ"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to stereotype, or stereotype plates.

STEREOTYPIST
Ste"re*o*ty`pist, n.

Defn: A stereotyper.

STEREOTYPOGRAPHER
Ste`re*o*ty*pog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: A stereotype printer.

STEREOTYPOGRAPHY
Ste`re*o*ty*pog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Stereo- + typography.]

Defn: The act or art of printing from stereotype plates.

STEREOTYPY
Ste"re*o*ty`py, n. Etym: [Cf. F. stéréotypie.]

Defn: The art or process of making stereotype plates.

STERHYDRAULIC
Ster`hy*drau"lic, a. Etym: [Stereo- + hydraulic.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a kind of hydraulic press;
resembling such a press in action or principle. Sterhydraulic press,
an hydraulic press producing pressure or motion by the introduction
of a solid substance (as a long rod, or a cord wound on a roller)
into a cylinder previously filled with a liquid.

STERILE
Ster"ile, a. Etym: [F. stérile, L. sterilis, akin to Gr. stereo`s
stiff, solid, stei^ros barren, stei^ra a cow that has not calved,
Goth. stairo, fem., barren. See Stare to gaze.]

1. Producing little or no crop; barren; unfruitful; unproductive; not
fertile; as, sterile land; a sterile desert; a sterile year.

2. (Biol.)
(a) Incapable of reproduction; unfitted for reproduction of
offspring; not able to germinate or bear fruit; unfruitful; as, a
sterile flower, which bears only stamens.
(b) Free from reproductive spores or germs; as, a sterile fluid.

3. Fig.: Barren of ideas; destitute of sentiment; as, a sterile
production or author.

STERILITY
Ste*ril"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. sterilitas: cf. F. stérilité.]

1. The quality or condition of being sterile.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Quality of being sterile; infecundity; also, the state of being
free from germs or spores.

STERILIZATION
Ster`il*i*za"tion, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The act or process of sterilizing, or rendering sterile; also,
the state of being sterile.

STERILIZE
Ster"il*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sterilized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sterilizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. stériliser.]

1. To make sterile or unproductive; to impoverish, as land; to
exhaust of fertility. [R.] "Sterilizing the earth." Woodward.

2. (Biol.)
(a) To deprive of the power of reproducing; to render incapable of
germination or fecundation; to make sterile.
(b) To destroy all spores or germs in (an organic fluid or mixture),
as by heat, so as to prevent the development of bacterial or other
organisms.

STERILIZER
Ster"il*i`zer, n.

Defn: One that sterilizes anything; specif., an apparatus for
sterilizing an organic fluid or mixture.

STERLET
Ster"let, n. Etym: [Russ. sterliade.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus) found in the Caspian Sea
and its rivers, and highly esteemed for its flavor. The finest
caviare is made from its roe.

STERLING
Ster"ling, n. (Engin.)

Defn: Same as Starling, 3.

STERLING
Ster"ling, n. Etym: [OE. sterlynge, starling, for easterling, LL.
esterlingus, probably from Easterling, once the popular name of
German trades in England, whose money was of the purest quality: cf.
MHG. sterlink a certain coin. Cf. East. "Certain merchants of
Norwaie, Denmarke, and of others those parties, called Ostomanni, or
(as in our vulgar language we tearme them), easterlings, because they
lie east in respect of us." Holinshed. "In the time of . . . King
Richard the First, monie coined in the east parts of Germanie began
to be of especiall request in England for the puritie thereof, and
was called Easterling monie, as all inhabitants of those parts were
called Easterlings, and shortly after some of that countrie, skillful
in mint matters and allaies, were sent for into this realme to bring
the coine to perfection; which since that time was called of them
sterling, for Easterling." Camden. "Four thousand pound of
sterlings." R. of Gloucester.]

1. Any English coin of standard value; coined money.
So that ye offer nobles or sterlings. Chaucer.
And Roman wealth in English sterling view. Arbuthnot.

2. A certain standard of quality or value for money.
Sterling was the known and approved standard in England, in all
probability, from the beginning of King Henry the Second's reign. S.
M. Leake.

STERLING
Ster"ling, a.

1. Belonging to, or relating to, the standard British money of
account, or the British coinage; as, a pound sterling; a shilling
sterling; a penny sterling; -- now chiefly applied to the lawful
money of England; but sterling cost, sterling value, are used. "With
sterling money." Shak.

2. Genuine; pure; of excellent quality; conforming to the highest
standard; of full value; as, a work of sterling merit; a man of
sterling good sense.

STERN
Stern, n. Etym: [AS. stearn a kind of bird. See Starling.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The black tern.

STERN
Stern, a. [Compar. Sterner; superl. Sternest.] Etym: [OE. sterne,
sturne, AS. styrne; cf. D. stuurish stern, Sw. stursk refractory.
*166.]

Defn: Having a certain hardness or severity of nature, manner, or
aspect; hard; severe; rigid; rigorous; austere; fixed; unchanging;
unrelenting; hence, serious; resolute; harsh; as, a sternresolve; a
stern necessity; a stern heart; a stern gaze; a stern decree.
The sterne wind so loud gan to rout. Chaucer.
I would outstare the sternest eyes that look. Shak.
When that the poor have cried, Cæsar hath wept; Ambition should be
made of sterner stuff. Shak.
Stern as tutors, and as uncles hard. Dryden.
These barren rocks, your stern inheritance. Wordsworth.

Syn.
 -- Gloomy; sullen; forbidding; strict; unkind; hard-hearted;
unfeeling; cruel; pitiless.

STERN
Stern, n. Etym: [Icel. stjorn a steering, or a doubtful AS. steórn.
*166. See Steer, v. t.]

1. The helm or tiller of a vessel or boat; also, the rudder. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The after or rear end of a ship or other vessel, or of a boat;
the part opposite to the stem, or prow.

3. Fig.: The post of management or direction.
And sit chiefest stern of public weal. Shak.

4. The hinder part of anything. Spenser.

5. The tail of an animal; -- now used only of the tail of a dog. By
the stern. (Naut.) See By the head, under By.

STERN
Stern, a.

Defn: Being in the stern, or being astern; as, the stern davits.
Stern board (Naut.), a going or falling astern; a loss of way in
making a tack; as, to make a stern board. See Board, n., 8 (b).
 -- Stern chase. (Naut.) (a) See under Chase, n. (b) A stern chaser.
 -- Stern chaser (Naut.), a cannon placed in a ship's stern, pointing
backward, and intended to annoy a ship that is in pursuit.
 -- Stern fast (Naut.), a rope used to confine the stern of a ship or
other vessel, as to a wharf or buoy.
 -- Stern frame (Naut.), the framework of timber forms the stern of a
ship.
 -- Stern knee. See Sternson.
 -- Stern port (Naut.), a port, or opening, in the stern of a ship.
 -- Stern sheets (Naut.), that part of an open boat which is between
the stern and the aftmost seat of the rowers, -- usually furnished
with seats for passengers.
 -- Stern wheel, a paddle wheel attached to the stern of the
steamboat which it propels.stern wheeler.

STERNAGE
Stern"age, n.

Defn: Stern. [R.] Shak.

STERNAL
Ster"nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sternum; in the region of the sternum.
Sternal ribs. See the Note under Rib, n., 1.

STERNBERGITE
Stern"berg*ite, n. Etym: [So named after Count Kaspar Sternberg of
Prague.] (Min.)

Defn: A sulphide of silver and iron, occurring in soft flexible
laminæ varying in color from brown to black.

STERNEBRA
Ster"ne*bra, n.; pl. Sternebræ. Etym: [NL., fr. sternum + -bra of
vertebra.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the segments of the sternum.
 -- Ster"ne*bral, a.

STERNED
Sterned, a.

Defn: Having a stern of a particular shape; -- used in composition;
as, square-sterned.

STERNER
Stern"er, n. Etym: [See 3d Stern.]

Defn: A director. [Obs. & R.] Dr. R. Clerke.

STERNFOREMOST
Stern`fore"most`, adv.

Defn: With the stern, instead of the bow, in advance; hence,
figuratively, in an awkward, blundering manner.
A fatal genius for going sternforemost. Lowell.

STERNITE
Ster"nite, n. Etym: [From Sternum.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sternum of an arthropod somite.

STERNLY
Stern"ly, adv.

Defn: In a stern manner.

STERNMOST
Stern"most`, a.

Defn: Farthest in the rear; farthest astern; as, the sternmost ship
in a convoy.

STERNNESS
Stern"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being stern.

STERNO-
Ster"no-.

Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with,
or relation to, the sternum; as, sternocostal, sternoscapular.

STERNOCORACOID
Ster`no*cor"a*coid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sternum and the coracoid.

STERNOCOSTAL
Ster`no*cos"tal, a. Etym: [Sterno- + costal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sternum and the ribs; as, the
sternocostal cartilages.

STERNOHYOID
Ster`no*hy"oid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sternum and the hyoid bone or
cartilage.

STERNOMASTOID
Ster`no*mas"toid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sternum and the mastoid process.

STERNOTHYROID
Ster`no*thy"roid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sternum and the thyroid cartilage.

STERNPOST
Stern"post`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A straight piece of timber, or an iron bar or beam, erected on
the extremity of the keel to support the rudder, and receive the ends
of the planks or plates of the vessel.

STERNSMAN
Sterns"man, n.

Defn: A steersman. [Obs.]

STERNSON
Stern"son, n. Etym: [See Stern, n., and cf. Stemson.] (Naut.)

Defn: The end of a ship's keelson, to which the sternpost is bolted;
-- called also stern knee.

STERNUM
Ster"num, n.; pl. L. Sterna, E. Sternums. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A plate of cartilage, or a series of bony or cartilaginous
plates or segments, in the median line of the pectoral skeleton of
most vertebrates above fishes; the breastbone.

Note: The sternum is connected with the ribs or the pectorial girdle,
or with both. In man it is a flat bone, broad anteriorly, narrowed
behind, and connected with the clavicles and the cartilages of the
seven anterior pairs of ribs. In most birds it has a high median keel
for the attachment of the muscles of the wings.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ventral part of any one of the somites of an arthropod.

STERNUTATION
Ster`nu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. sternutatio, fr. sternutare to sneeze,
intens. from sternuere.]

Defn: The act of sneezing. Quincy.

STERNUTATIVE
Ster*nu"ta*tive, a.

Defn: Having the quality of provoking to sneeze.

STERNUTATORY
Ster*nu"ta*to*ry, a.

Defn: Sternutative.
 -- n.

Defn: A sternutatory substance or medicine.

STERNWAY
Stern"way`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The movement of a ship backward, or with her stern foremost.

STERN-WHEEL
Stern"-wheel`, a.

Defn: Having a paddle wheel at the stern; as, a stern-wheel steamer.

STERN-WHEELER
Stern"-wheel`er, n.

Defn: A steamboat having a stern wheel instead of side wheels.
[Colloq. U.S.]

STERQUILINOUS
Ster*quil"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. sterquilinium a dung pit, fr. stercus
dung.]

Defn: Pertaining to a dunghill; hence, mean; dirty; paltry. [Obs.]
Howell.

STERRE
Ster"re, n.

Defn: A star. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STERRINK
Ster"rink, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crab-eating seal (Lobodon carcinophaga) of the Antarctic
Ocean.

STERROMETAL
Ster"ro*met`al, n. Etym: [Gr. metal.]

Defn: Any alloy of copper, zinc, tin, and iron, of which cannon are
sometimes made.

STERT
Stert, obs. p. p. of Start.

Defn: Started. Chaucer.

STERTE
Ster"te, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Start. Chaucer.

STERTORIOUS
Ster*to"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Stertorous. [R.]

STERTOROUS
Ster"to*rous, a. Etym: [L. stertere to snore: cf. F. stertoreux.]

Defn: Characterized by a deep snoring, which accompaines inspiration
in some diseases, especially apoplexy; hence, hoarsely breathing;
snoring.
Burning, stertorous breath that hurt her cheek. Mrs. Browning.
The day has ebbed away, and it is night in his room, before his
stertorous breathing lulls. Dickens.

STERVE
Sterve, v. t. & i.

Defn: To die, or cause to die; to perish. See Starve. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Spenser.

STET
Stet, Etym: L., subj. 3d pers. sing. of stare to stand, remain. Etym:
[See Stand.] (Print.)

Defn: Let it stand; -- a word used by proof readers to signify that
something once erased, or marked for omission, is to remain.

STET
Stet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stetted; p. pr. & vb. n. Stetting.]
(Print.)

Defn: To cause or direct to remain after having been marked for
omission; to mark with the word stet, or with a series of dots below
or beside the matter; as, the proof reader stetted a deled footnote.

STETHAL
Steth"al, n. Etym: [Stearic + ethal.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the higher alcohols of the methane series, homologous
with ethal, and found in small quantities as an ethereal salt of
stearic acid in spermaceti.

STETHOGRAPH
Steth"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.)

Defn: See Pneumatograph.

STETHOMETER
Ste*thom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An apparatus for measuring the external movements of a given
point of the chest wall, during respiration; -- also called
thoracometer.

STETHOSCOPE
Steth"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope: cf. F. stéthoscope.] (Med.)

Defn: An instrument used in auscultation for examining the organs of
the chest, as the heart and lungs, by conveying to the ear of the
examiner the sounds produced in the thorax.

STETHOSCOPE
Steth"o*scope, v. t.

Defn: To auscultate, or examine, with a stethoscope. M. W. Savage.

STETHOSCOPIC; STETHOSCOPICAL
Steth`o*scop"ic, Steth`o*scop"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
stéthoscopique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a stethoscope; obtained or made by means of
a stethoscope.
 -- Steth`o*scop"ic*al*ly, adv.

STETHOSCOPIST
Ste*thos"co*pist, n.

Defn: One skilled in the use of the stethoscope.

STETHOSCOPY
Ste*thos"co*py, n.

Defn: The art or process of examination by the stethoscope.

STEVE
Steve, v. t. Etym: [See Stevedore.]

Defn: To pack or stow, as cargo in a ship's hold. See Steeve.

STEVEDORE
Ste"ve*dore`, n. Etym: [Sp. estivador a packer, a stower, fr. estivar
to pack, to stow, L. stipare to press, compress, probably akin to E.
stiff. See Stiff, Stive to stuff.]

Defn: One whose occupation is to load and unload vessels in port; one
who stows a cargo in a hold.

STEVEN
Ste"ven, n. Etym: [AS. stefn, stemn, voice; akin to D. stem, G.
stimme, Goth. stibna.]

1. Voice; speech; language. [Obs. or Scot.]
Ye have as merry a steven As any angel hath that is in heaven.
Chaucer.

2. An outcry; a loud call; a clamor. [Obs.] Spenser. To set steven,
to make an appointment. [Obs.]
They setten steven for to meet To playen at the dice. Chaucer.

STEW
Stew, n. Etym: [Cf. Stow.]

1. A small pond or pool where fish are kept for the table; a
vivarium. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. Evelyn.

2. An artificial bed of oysters. [Local, U.S.]

STEW
Stew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stewed; p. pr. & vb. n. Stewing.] Etym:
[OE. stuven, OF. estuver, F. étuver, fr. OF. estuve, F. étuve, a
sweating house, a room heated for a bath; probably of Teutonic
origin, and akin to E. stove. See Stove, and cf. Stive to stew.]

Defn: To boil slowly, or with the simmering or moderate heat; to
seethe; to cook in a little liquid, over a gentle fire, without
boiling; as, to stew meat; to stew oysters; to stew apples.

STEW
Stew, v. i.

Defn: To be seethed or cooked in a slow, gentle manner, or in heat
and moisture.

STEW
Stew, n. Etym: [OE. stue, stuwe, OF. estuve. See Stew, v. t.]

1. A place of stewing or seething; a place where hot bathes are
furnished; a hothouse. [Obs.]
As burning Ætna from his boiling stew Doth belch out flames. Spenser.
The Lydians were inhibited by Cyrus to use any armor, and give
themselves to baths and stews. Abp. Abbot.

2. A brothel; -- usually in the plural. Bacon. South.
There be that hate harlots, and never were at the stews. Aschman.

3. A prostitute. [Obs.] Sir A. Weldon.

4. A dish prepared by stewing; as, a stewof pigeons.

5. A state of agitating excitement; a state of worry; confusion; as,
to be in a stew. [Colloq.]

STEWARD
Stew"ard, n. Etym: [OE. stiward, AS. stiweard, stigweard, literally,
a sty ward; stigu sty + weard warden, guardian, -- his first duty
having been probably to attend to the domestic animals. *164. See Sty
pen for swine, Ward.]

1. A man employed in a large family, or on a large estate, to manage
the domestic concerns, supervise other servants, collect the rents or
income, keep accounts, and the like.
Worthy to be stewards of rent and land. Chaucer.
They came near to the steward of Joseph's house. Gen. xliii. 19.
As good stewards of the manifold grace of God. 1 Pet. iv. 10.

2. A person employed in a hotel, or a club, or on board a ship, to
provide for the table, superintend the culinary affairs, etc. In
naval vessels, the captain's steward, wardroom steward, steerage
steward, warrant officers steward, etc., are petty officers who
provide for the messes under their charge.

3. A fiscal agent of certain bodies; as, a steward in a Methodist
church.

4. In some colleges, an officer who provides food for the students
and superintends the kitchen; also, an officer who attends to the
accounts of the students.

5. In Scotland, a magistrate appointed by the crown to exercise
jurisdiction over royal lands. Erskine. Lord high steward, formerly,
the first officer of the crown; afterward, an officer occasionally
appointed, as for a coronation, or upon the trial of a peer. [Eng.]

STEWARD
Stew"ard, v. t.

Defn: To manage as a steward. [Obs.]

STEWARDESS
Stew"ard*ess, n.

Defn: A female steward; specifically, a woman employed in passenger
vessels to attend to the wants of female passengers.

STEWARDLY
Stew"ard*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner, or with the care, of a steward. [R.]
To be stewardly dispensed, not wastefully spent. Tooker.

STEWARDSHIP
Stew"ard*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a steward. Shak.

STEWARTRY
Stew"art*ry, n.

1. An overseer or superintendent. [R.] "The stewartry of provisions."
Tooke.

2. The office of a steward; stewardship. [R.] Byron.

3. In Scotland, the jurisdiction of a steward; also, the lands under
such jurisdiction.

STEWISH
Stew"ish, a.

Defn: Suiting a stew, or brothel. Bp. Hall.

STEWPAN
Stew"pan`, n.

Defn: A pan used for stewing.

STEWPOT
Stew"pot`, n.

Defn: A pot used for stewing.

STEY
Stey, n.

Defn: See Stee.

STHENIC
Sthen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. sthénique.] (Med.)

Defn: Strong; active; -- said especially of morbid states attended
with excessive action of the heart and blood vessels, and
characterized by strength and activity of the muscular and nervous
system; as, a sthenic fever. Sthenic theory. See Stimulism (a).

STIACCIATO
Sti*ac*cia"to, n. Etym: [It., crushed, flattened.] (Sculp.)

Defn: The lowest relief, -- often used in Italian sculpture of the
15th and 16th centuries.

STIAN
Sti"an, n.

Defn: A sty on the eye. See Styan.

STIBBORN
Stib"born, a.

Defn: Stubborn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STIBIAL
Stib"i*al, a. Etym: [See Stibium.]

Defn: Like, or having the qualities of, antimony; antimonial.

STIBIALISM
Stib"i*al*ism, n. (Med.)

Defn: Antimonial intoxication or poisoning. Dunglison.

STIBIATED
Stib"i*a`ted, a. Etym: [NL. stibiatus, from L. stibium antimony.]
(Med. Chem.)

Defn: Combined or impregnated with antimony (stibium). Stibiated
tartar. See Tartar emetic, under Tartar.

STIBIC
Stib"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Antimonic; -- used with reference to certain compounds of
antimony.

STIBICONITE
Stib"i*co*nite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A native oxide of antimony occurring in masses of a yellow
color.

STIBINE
Stib"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Antimony hydride, or hydrogen antimonide, a colorless gas
produced by the action of nascent hydrogen on antimony. It has a
characteristic odor and burns with a characteristic greenish flame.
Formerly called also antimoniureted hydrogen.

STIBIOUS
Stib"i*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Antimonious. [R.]

STIBIUM
Stib"i*um, n. Etym: [L. stibium, stibi, Gr.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: The technical name of antimony.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Stibnite. [Obs.]

STIBNITE
Stib"nite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a lead-gray color and brilliant metallic luster,
occurring in prismatic crystals; sulphide of antimony; -- called also
antimony glance, and gray antimony.

STIBONIUM
Sti*bo"ni*um, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical SbH4, analogous to ammonium; -- called
also antimonium.

STICCADO
Stic*ca"do, n. Etym: [Cf. It. steccato a palisade.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument consisting of small bars of wood, flat at the
bottom and rounded at the top, and resting on the edges of a kind of
open box. They are unequal in size, gradually increasing from the
smallest to the largest, and are tuned to the diatonic scale. The
tones are produced by striking the pieces of wood with hard balls
attached to flexible sticks.

STICH
Stich, n. Etym: [Gr. sti`chos a row, line, akin to to go, march, E.
sty, v.i.]

1. A verse, of whatever measure or number of feet.

2. A line in the Scriptures; specifically (Hebrew Scriptures), one of
the rhythmic lines in the poetical books and passages of the Old
Treatment, as written in the oldest Hebrew manuscripts and in the
Revised Version of the English Bible.

3. A row, line, or rank of trees.

STICHIC
Stich"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. stichiko`s.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to stichs, or lines; consisting of stichs, or
lines. [R.]

STICHIDIUM
Sti*chid"i*um, n.; pl. Stichida. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A special podlike or fusiform branch containing tetraspores. It
is found in certain red algæ.

STICHOMANCY
Stich"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by lines, or passages of books, taken at hazard.

STICHOMETRICAL
Stich`o*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to stichometry; characterized by stichs, or
lines.

STICHOMETRY
Stich*om"e*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -metry.]

1. Measurement of books by the number of lines which they contain.

2. Division of the text of a book into lines; especially, the
division of the text of books into lines accommodated to the sense, -
- a method of writing manuscripts used before punctuation was
adopted.

STICHWORT
Stich"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of chickweed (Stellaria Holostea). [Written also
stitchwort.]

STICK
Stick, n. Etym: [OE. sticke, AS. sticca; akin to stician to stab,
prick, pierce, G. stecken a stick, staff, OHG. steccho, Icel. stik a
stick. See Stick, v. t..]

1. A small shoot, or branch, separated, as by a cutting, from a tree
or shrub; also, any stem or branch of a tree, of any size, cut for
fuel or timber.
Withered sticks to gather, which might serve Against a winter's day.
Milton.

2. Any long and comparatively slender piece of wood, whether in
natural form or shaped with tools; a rod; a wand; a staff; as, the
stick of a rocket; a walking stick.

3. Anything shaped like a stick; as, a stick of wax.

4. A derogatory expression for a person; one who is inert or stupid;
as, an odd stick; a poor stick. [Colloq.]

5. (Print.)

Defn: A composing stick. See under Composing. It is usually a frame
of metal, but for posters, handbills, etc., one made of wood is used.

6. A thrust with a pointed instrument; a stab. A stick of eels,
twenty-five eels. [Prov. Eng.] -- Stick chimney, a chimney made of
sticks laid crosswise, and cemented with clay or mud, as in some log
houses. [U.S.] -- Stick insect, (Zoöl.), any one of various species
of wingless orthopterous insects of the family Phasmidæ, which have a
long round body, resembling a stick in form and color, and long legs,
which are often held rigidly in such positions as to make them
resemble small twigs. They thus imitate the branches and twigs of the
trees on which they live. The common American species is Diapheromera
femorata. Some of the Asiatic species are more than a foot long.
 -- To cut one's stick, or To cut stick, to run away. [Slang] De
Quincey.

STICK
Stick, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stuck (Obs. Sticked (); p. pr. & vb. n.
Sticking.] Etym: [OE. stikien, v.t. & i., combined with steken,
whence E. stuck), AS. stician, v.t. & i., and (assumed) stecan, v.t.;
akin to OFries. steka, OS. stekan, OHG. stehhan, G. stechen, and to
Gr. tij to be sharp. Cf. Distinguish, Etiquette, Extinct, Instigate,
Instinct, Prestige, Stake, Steak, Stick, n., Stigma, Stimulate,
Sting, Stitch in sewing, Style for or in writing.]

1. To penetrate with a pointed instrument; to pierce; to stab; hence,
to kill by piercing; as, to stick a beast.
And sticked him with bodkins anon. Chaucer.
It was a shame . . . to stick him under the other gentleman's arm
while he was redding the fray. Sir W. Scott.

2. To cause to penetrate; to push, thrust, or drive, so as to pierce;
as, to stick a needle into one's finger.
Thou stickest a dagger in me. Shak.

3. To fasten, attach, or cause to remain, by thrusting in; hence,
also, to adorn or deck with things fastened on as by piercing; as, to
stick a pin on the sleeve.
My shroud of white, stuck all with yew. Shak.
The points of spears are stuck within the shield. Dryden.

4. To set; to fix in; as, to stick card teeth.

5. To set with something pointed; as, to stick cards.

6. To fix on a pointed instrument; to impale; as, to stick an apple
on a fork.

7. To attach by causing to adhere to the surface; as, to stick on a
plaster; to stick a stamp on an envelope; also, to attach in any
manner.

8. (Print.)

Defn: To compose; to set, or arrange, in a composing stick; as, to
stick type. [Cant]

9. (Joinery)

Defn: To run or plane (moldings) in a machine, in contradistinction
to working them by hand. Such moldings are said to be stuck.

10. To cause to stick; to bring to a stand; to pose; to puzzle; as,
to stick one with a hard problem. [Colloq.]

11. To impose upon; to compel to pay; sometimes, to cheat. [Slang] To
stick out, to cause to project or protrude; to render prominent.

STICK
Stick, v. i.

1. To adhere; as, glue sticks to the fingers; paste sticks to the
wall.
The green caterpillar breedeth in the inward parts of roses not
blown, where the dew sticketh. Bacon.

2. To remain where placed; to be fixed; to hold fast to any position
so as to be moved with difficulty; to cling; to abide; to cleave; to
be united closely.
A friend that sticketh closer than a brother. Prov. xviii. 24.
I am a kind of bur; I shall stick. Shak.
If on your fame our sex a bolt has thrown, 'T will ever stick through
malice of your own. Young.

3. To be prevented from going farther; to stop by reason of some
obstacle; to be stayed.
I had most need of blessing, and "Amen" Stuck in my throat. Shak.
The trembling weapon passed Through nine bull hides, . . . and stuck
within the last. Dryden.

4. To be embarrassed or puzzled; to hesitate; to be deterred, as by
scruples; to scruple; -- often with at.
They will stick long at part of a demonstration for want of
perceiving the connection of two ideas. Locke.
Some stick not to say, that the parson and attorney forged a will.
Arbuthnot.

5. To cause difficulties, scruples, or hesitation.
This is the difficulty that sticks with the most reasonable. Swift.
To stick by. (a) To adhere closely to; to be firm in supporting. "We
are your only friends; stick by us, and we will stick by you."
Davenant. (b) To be troublesome by adhering. "I am satisfied to
trifle away my time, rather than let it stick by me." Pope.
 -- To stick out. (a) To project; to be prominent. "His bones that
were not seen stick out." Job xxxiii. 21. (b) To persevere in a
purpose; to hold out; as, the garrison stuck out until relieved.
[Colloq.]v.i. to stick it out.
 -- To stick to, to be persevering in holding to; as, to stick to a
party or cause. "The advantage will be on our side if we stick to its
essentials." Addison.
 -- To stick up, to stand erect; as, his hair sticks up.
 -- To stick up for, to assert and defend; as, to stick up for one's
rights or for a friend. [Colloq.] -- To stick upon, to dwell upon;
not to forsake. "If the matter be knotty, the mind must stop and
buckle to it, and stick upon it with labor and thought." Locke.

STICKED
Stick"ed, obs. imp. of Stick.

Defn: Stuck.
And in the sand her ship sticked so fast. Chaucer.
They sticked not to give their bodies to be burnt. Sir T. Browne.

STICKER
Stick"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, sticks; as, a bill sticker.

2. That which causes one to stick; that which puzzles or poses.
[Colloq.] Tackeray.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: In the organ, a small wooden rod which connects (in part) a key
and a pallet, so as to communicate motion by pushing.

4. Same as Paster, 2. [Political Cant, U.S.]

STICKFUL
Stick"ful, n.; pl. Stickfuls (. (Print.)

Defn: As much set type as fills a composing stick.

STICKINESS
Stick"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being sticky; as, the stickiness of glue or
paste.

STICKING
Stick"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Stick, v. Sticking piece, a piece of beef cut from
the neck. [Eng.] -- Sticking place, the place where a thing sticks,
or remains fast; sticking point.
But screw your courage to the sticking place, And we'll not fail.
Shak.
-- Sticking plaster, an adhesive plaster for closing wounds, and for
similar uses.
 -- Sticking point. Same as Sticking place, above.

STICKIT
Stick"it, a.

Defn: Stuck; spoiled in making. [Scot.] Stickit minister, a candidate
for the clerical office who fails, disqualified by incompetency or
immorality.

STICK-LAC
Stick"-lac`, n.

Defn: See the Note under Lac.

STICKLE
Stic"kle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stickled; p. pr. & vb. n. Stickling.]
Etym: [Probably fr. OE. stightlen, sti, to dispose, arrange, govern,
freq. of stihten, AS. stihtan: cf. G. stiften to found, to
establish.]

1. To separate combatants by intervening. [Obs.]
When he [the angel] sees half of the Christians killed, and the rest
in a fair way of being routed, he stickles betwixt the remainder of
God's host and the race of fiends. Dryden.

2. To contend, contest, or altercate, esp. in a pertinacious manner
on insufficient grounds.
Fortune, as she 's wont, turned fickle, And for the foe began to
stickle. Hudibras.
While for paltry punk they roar and stickle. Dryden.
The obstinacy with which he stickles for the wrong. Hazlitt.

3. To play fast and loose; to pass from one side to the other; to
trim.

STICKLE
Stic"kle, v. t.

1. To separate, as combatants; hence, to quiet, to appease, as
disputants. [Obs.]
Which [question] violently they pursue, Nor stickled would they be.
Drayton.

2. To intervene in; to stop, or put an end to, by intervening; hence,
to arbitrate. [Obs.]
They ran to him, and, pulling him back by force, stickled that
unnatural fray. Sir P. Sidney.

STICKLE
Stic"kle, n. Etym: [Cf. stick, v. t. & i.]

Defn: A shallow rapid in a river; also, the current below a
waterfall. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Patient anglers, standing all the day Near to some shallow stickle or
deep bay. W. Browne.

STICKLEBACK
Stic"kle*back`, n. Etym: [OE. & Prov E. stickle a prickle, spine,
sting (AS. sticel) + back. See Stick, v. t., and cf. Banstickle.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small fishes of the genus
Gasterosteus and allied genera. The back is armed with two or more
sharp spines. They inhabit both salt and brackish water, and
construct curious nests. Called also sticklebag, sharpling, and
prickleback.

STICKLER
Stic"kler, n. Etym: [See Stickle, v. t.]

Defn: One who stickles. Specifically: --
(a) One who arbitrates a duel; a sidesman to a fencer; a second; an
umpire. [Obs.]
Basilius, the judge, appointed sticklers and trumpets whom the others
should obey. Sir P. Sidney.
Our former chiefs, like sticklers of the war, First sought to inflame
the parties, then to poise. Dryden.

(b) One who pertinaciously contends for some trifling things, as a
point of etiquette; an unreasonable, obstinate contender; as, a
stickler for ceremony.
The Tory or High-church were the greatest sticklers against the
exorbitant proceedings of King James II. Swift.

STICK-SEED
Stick"-seed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Echinospermum Lappula) of the Borage family, with
small blue flowers and prickly nutlets.

STICKTAIL
Stick"tail`, n.

Defn: The ruddy duck. [Local, U.S.]

STICK-TIGHT
Stick"-tight`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Beggar's ticks.

STICKY
Stick"y, a. [Compar. Stickier; superl. Stickiest.]

Defn: Having the quality of sticking to a surface; adhesive; gluey;
viscous; viscid; glutinous; tenacious.
Herbs which last longest are those of strong smell, and with a sticky
stalk. Bacon.

STIDDY
Stid"dy, n. Etym: [See Stithy.]

Defn: An anvil; also, a smith shop. See Stithy. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

STIFF
Stiff, a. [Compar. Stiffer; superl. Stiffest.] Etym: [OE. stif, AS.
stif; akin to D. stijf, G. steif, Dan. stiv, Sw. styf, Icel. stifr,
Lith. stipti to be stiff; cf. L. stipes a post, trunk of a tree,
stipare to press, compress. Cf. Costive, Stifle, Stipulate, Stive to
stuff.]

1. Not easily bent; not flexible or pliant; not limber or flaccid;
rigid; firm; as, stiff wood, paper, joints.
[They] rising on stiff pennons, tower The mid aërial sky. Milton.

2. Not liquid or fluid; thick and tenacious; inspissated; neither
soft nor hard; as, the paste is stiff.

3. Firm; strong; violent; difficult to oppose; as, a stiff gale or
breeze.

4. Not easily subdued; unyielding; stubborn; obstinate; pertinacious;
as, a stiff adversary.
It is a shame to stand stiff in a foolish argument. Jer. Taylor.
A war ensues: the Cretans own their cause, Stiff to defend their
hospitable laws. Dryden.

5. Not natural and easy; formal; constrained; affected; starched; as,
stiff behavior; a stiff style.
The French are open, familiar, and talkative; the Italians stiff,
ceremonious, and reserved. Addison.

6. Harsh; disagreeable; severe; hard to bear. [Obs. or Colloq.] "This
is stiff news." Shak.

7. (Naut.)

Defn: Bearing a press of canvas without careening much; as, a stiff
vessel; -- opposed to crank. Totten.

8. Very large, strong, or costly; powerful; as, a stiff charge; a
stiff price. [Slang] Stiff neck, a condition of the neck such that
the head can not be moved without difficulty and pain.

Syn.
 -- Rigid; inflexible; strong; hardly; stubborn; obstinate;
pertinacious; harsh; formal; constrained; affected; starched;
rigorous.

STIFF-BACKED
Stiff"-backed`, a.

Defn: Obstinate. J. H. Newman.

STIFFEN
Stiff"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stiffened; p. pr. & vb. n. Stiffening.]
Etym: [See Stiff.]

1. tiono make stiff; to make less pliant or flexible; as, to stiffen
cloth with starch.
Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood. Shak.

2. To inspissate; to make more thick or viscous; as, to stiffen
paste.

3. To make torpid; to benumb.

STIFFEN
Stiff"en, v. i.

Defn: To become stiff or stiffer, in any sense of the adjective.
Like bristles rose my stiffening hair. Dryden.
The tender soil then stiffening by degrees. Dryden.
Some souls we see, Grow hard and stiffen with adversity. Dryden.

STIFFENER
Stiff"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, stiffens anything, as a piece of stiff
cloth in a cravat.

STIFFENING
Stiff"en*ing, n.

1. Act or process of making stiff.

2. Something used to make anything stiff. Stiffening order (Com.), a
permission granted by the customs department to take cargo or ballast
on board before the old cargo is out, in order to steady the ship.

STIFF-HEARTED
Stiff"-heart`ed, a. Etym: [Stiff + heart.]

Defn: Obstinate; stubborn; contumacious. Ezek. ii. 4.

STIFFISH
Stiff"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat stiff.

STIFFLY
Stiff"ly, adv.

Defn: In a stiff manner.

STIFF-NECKED
Stiff"-necked`, a.

Defn: Stubborn; inflexibly obstinate; contumacious; as, stiff-necked
pride; a stiff-necked people. Ex. xxxii. 9.

STIFF-NECKEDNESS
Stiff"-neck`ed*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being stiff-necked; stubbornness.

STIFFNESS
Stiff"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being stiff; as, the stiffness of cloth
or of paste; stiffness of manner; stiffness of character.
The vices of old age have the stiffness of it too. South.

STIFFTAIL
Stiff"tail`, n.

Defn: The ruddy duck. [Local, U.S.]

STIFF-TAILED
Stiff"-tailed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the quill feathers of the tail somewhat rigid.

STIFLE
Sti"fle, n. Etym: [From Stiff.] (Far.)

Defn: The joint next above the hock, and near the flank, in the hind
leg of the horse and allied animals; the joint corresponding to the
knee in man; -- called also stifle joint. See Illust. under Horse.
Stifle bone, a small bone at the stifle joint; the patella, or
kneepan.

STIFLE
Sti"fle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stifled; p. pr. & vb. n. Stifling.]
Etym: [Freq. of OE. stif stiff; cf. Icel. stifla to dam up.]

1. To stop the breath of by crowding something into the windpipe, or
introducing an irrespirable substance into the lungs; to choke; to
suffocate; to cause the death of by such means; as, to stifle one
with smoke or dust.
Stifled with kisses, a sweet death he dies. Dryden.
I took my leave, being half stifled with the closeness of the room.
Swift.

2. To stop; to extinguish; to deaden; to quench; as, to stifle the
breath; to stifle a fire or flame.
Bodies . . . stifle in themselves the rays which they do not reflect
or transmit. Sir I. Newton.

3. To suppress the manifestation or report of; to smother; to conceal
from public knowledge; as, to stifle a story; to stifle passion.
I desire only to have things fairly represented as they really are;
no evidence smothered or stifled. Waterland.

STIFLE
Sti"fle, v. i.

Defn: To die by reason of obstruction of the breath, or because some
noxious substance prevents respiration.
You shall stifle in your own report. Shak.

STIFLED
Sti"fled, a.

Defn: Stifling.
The close and stifled study. Hawthorne.

STIFLER
Sti"fler, n.

1. One who, or that which, stifles.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: See Camouflet.

STIGMA
Stig"ma, n.; pl. E. Stigmas, L. Stigmata. Etym: [L., a mark, a brand,
from Gr. Stick, v. t.]

1. A mark made with a burning iron; a brand.

2. Any mark of infamy or disgrace; sign of moral blemish; stain or
reproach caused by dishonorable conduct; reproachful
characterization.
The blackest stigma that can be fastened upon him. Bp. Hall.
All such slaughters were from thence called Bartelmies, simply in a
perpetual stigma of that butchery. Sir G. Buck.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: That part of a pistil which has no epidermis, and is fitted to
receive the pollen. It is usually the terminal portion, and is
commonly somewhat glutinous or viscid. See Illust. of Stamen and of
Flower.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: A small spot, mark, scar, or a minute hole; -- applied
especially to a spot on the outer surface of a Graafian follicle, and
to spots of intercellular substance in scaly epithelium, or to minute
holes in such spots.

5. (Pathol.)

Defn: A red speck upon the skin, produced either by the extravasation
of blood, as in the bloody sweat characteristic of certain varieties
of religious ecstasy, or by capillary congestion, as in the case of
drunkards.

6. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the external openings of the tracheæ of insects,
myriapods, and other arthropods; a spiracle.
(b) One of the apertures of the pulmonary sacs of arachnids. See
Illust. of Scorpion.
(c) One of the apertures of the gill of an ascidian, and of
Amphioxus.

7. (Geom.)

Defn: A point so connected by any law whatever with another point,
called an index, that as the index moves in any manner in a plane the
first point or stigma moves in a determinate way in the same plane.

8. pl. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Marks believed to have been supernaturally impressed upon the
bodies of certain persons in imitation of the wounds on the crucified
body of Christ. See def. 5, above.

STIGMARIA
Stig*ma"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Stigma.] (Paleon.)

Defn: The fossil root stem of a coal plant of the genus Sigillaria.

STIGMATA
Stig"ma*ta, n.;

Defn: pl. of Stigma.

STIGMATIC
Stig*mat"ic, n.

1. A notorious profligate or criminal who has been branded; one who
bears the marks of infamy or punishment. [R.] Bullokar.

2. A person who is marked or deformed by nature. Shak.

STIGMATIC; STIGMATICAL
Stig*mat"ic, Stig*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Stigma.]

1. Marked with a stigma, or with something reproachful to character.

2. Impressing with infamy or reproach. [R.]

3. (Bot., Anat., etc)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a stigma or stigmata. Stigmatic geometry,
or Stigmatics, that science in which the correspondence of index and
stigma (see Stigma, 7) is made use of to establish geometrical
proportions.

STIGMATICALLY
Stig*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: With a stigma, or mark of infamy or deformity.

STIGMATIST
Stig"ma*tist, n.

Defn: One believed to be supernaturally impressed with the marks of
Christ's wounds. See Stigma, 8.

STIGMATIZATION
Stig`ma*ti*za"tion, n.

1. The act of stigmatizing.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The production of stigmata upon the body. See Stigma, 8.

STIGMATIZE
Stig"ma*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stigmatized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Stigmatizing.] Etym: [F. stigmatiser, Gr.

1. To mark with a stigma, or brand; as, the ancients stigmatized
their slaves and soldiers.
That . . . hold out both their ears with such delight and ravishment,
to be stigmatized and bored through in witness of their own voluntary
and beloved baseness. Milton.

2. To set a mark of disgrace on; to brand with some mark of reproach
or infamy.
To find virtue extolled and vice stigmatized. Addison.

STIGMATOSE
Stig"ma*tose`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Stigmatic.

STIGONOMANCY
Stig"o*no*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by writing on the bark of a tree.

STIKE
Stike, n. Etym: [See Stich.]

Defn: Stanza. [Obs.] Sackville.

STILAR
Sti"lar, a. Etym: [From Stile a style.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the style of a dial. [Written also stylar.]

STILBENE
Stil"bene, n. Etym: [See Stilbite.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon, C14H12, produced artificially in large, fine
crystals; -- called also diphenyl ethylene, toluylene, etc.

STILBITE
Stil"bite, n. Etym: [Gr. stilbite.] (Min.)

Defn: A common mineral of the zeolite family, a hydrous silicate of
alumina and lime, usually occurring in sheaflike aggregations of
crystals, also in radiated masses. It is of a white or yellowish
color, with pearly luster on the cleavage surface. Called also
desmine.

STILE
Stile, n. Etym: [See Style.]

1. A pin set on the face of a dial, to cast a shadow; a style. See
Style. Moxon.

2. Mode of composition. See Style. [Obs.]
May I not write in such a stile as this Bunyan.

STILE
Stile, n. Etym: [OE. stile, AS. stigel a step, a ladder, from stigan
to ascend; akin to OHG. stigila a stile. *164. See Sty, v. i., and
cf. Stair.]

1. A step, or set of steps, for ascending and descending, in passing
a fence or wall.
There comes my master . . . over the stile, this way. Shak.
Over this stile in the way to Doubting Castle. Bunyan.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: One of the upright pieces in a frame; one of the primary
members of a frame, into which the secondary members are mortised.

Note: In an ordinary door the principal upright pieces are called
stiles, the subordinate upright pieces mullions, and the crosspieces
rails. In wainscoting the principal pieces are sometimes called
stiles, even when horizontal. Hanging stile, Pulley stile. See under
Hanging, and Pulley.

STILET
Sti"let, n. Etym: [Written also stilette, and stylet.]

1. A stiletto. [R.]

2. (Surg.)

Defn: See Stylet, 2.

STILETTO
Sti*let"to, n.; pl. Stilettos. Etym: [It., dim. of stilo a dagger,
fr. L. stilus a pointed instrument. See Style for writing, and cf.
Stylet.]

1. A kind of dagger with a slender, rounded, and pointed blade.

2. A pointed instrument for making eyelet holes in embroidery.

3. A beard trimmed into a pointed form. [Obs.]
The very quack of fashions, the very he that Wears a stiletto on his
chin. Ford.

STILETTO
Sti*let"to, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stilettoed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Stilettoing.]

Defn: To stab or kill with a stiletto. Bacon.

STILL
Still, a. [Compar. Stiller; superl. Stillest.] Etym: [OE. stille, AS.
stille; akin to D. stil, OS. & OHG. stilli, G. still, Dan. stille,
Sw. stilla, and to E. stall; from the idea of coming to a stand, or
halt. Cf. Still, adv.]

1. Motionless; at rest; quiet; as, to stand still; to lie or sit
still. "Still as any stone." Chaucer.

2. Uttering no sound; silent; as, the audience is still; the animals
are still.
The sea that roared at thy command, At thy command was still.
Addison.

3. Not disturbed by noise or agitation; quiet; calm; as, a still
evening; a still atmosphere. "When all the woods are still." Milton.

4. Comparatively quiet or silent; soft; gentle; low. "A still small
voice." 1 Kings xix. 12.

5. Constant; continual. [Obs.]
By still practice learn to know thy meaning. Shak.

6. Not effervescing; not sparkling; as, still wines. Still life.
(Fine Arts) (a) Inanimate objects. (b) (Painting) The class or style
of painting which represents inanimate objects, as fruit, flowers,
dead game, etc.

Syn.
 -- Quiet; calm; noiseless; serene; motionless; inert; stagnant.

STILL
Still, n. Etym: [Cf. G. stille.]

1. Freedom from noise; calm; silence; as, the still of midnight.
[Poetic]

2. A steep hill or ascent. [Obs.] W. Browne.

STILL
Still, adv. Etym: [AS. stille quietly. See Still, a. The modern
senses come from the idea of stopping and staying still, or
motionless.]

1. To this time; until and during the time now present; now no less
than before; yet.
It hath been anciently reported, and is still received. Bacon.

2. In the future as now and before.
Hourly joys be still upon you! Shak.

3. In continuation by successive or repeated acts; always; ever;
constantly; uniformly.
The desire of fame betrays an ambitious man into indecencies that
lessen his reputation; he is still afraid lest any of his actions
should be thrown away in private. Addison.
Chemists would be rich if they could still do in great quantities
what they have sometimes done in little. Boyle.

4. In an increasing or additional degree; even more; -- much used
with comparatives.
The guilt being great, the fear doth still exceed. Shak.

5. Notwithstanding what has been said or done; in spite of what has
occured; nevertheless; -- sometimes used as a conjunction. See
Synonym of But.
As sunshine, broken in the rill, Though turned astray, is sunshine
still. Moore.

6. After that; after what is stated.
In the primitive church, such as by fear being compelled to sacrifice
to strange gods, after repented, and kept still the office of
preaching the gospel. Whitgift.
Still and anon, at intervals and repeatedly; continually; ever and
anon; now and then.
And like the watchful minutes to the hour, Still and anon cheered up
the heavy time. Shak.

STILL
Still, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Stilling.] Etym:
[AS. stillan, from stille still, quiet, firm. See Still, a.]

1. To stop, as motion or agitation; to cause to become quiet, or
comparatively quiet; to check the agitation of; as, to still the
raging sea.
He having a full sway over the water, had power to still and compose
it, as well as to move and disturb it. Woodward.

2. To stop, as noise; to silence.
With his name the mothers still their babies. Shak.

3. To appease; to calm; to quiet, as tumult, agitation, or
excitement; as, to still the passions. Shak.
Toil that would, at least, have stilled an unquiet impulse in me.
Hawthorne.

Syn.
 -- To quiet; calm; allay; lull; pacify; appease; subdue; suppress;
silence; stop; check; restrain.

STILL
Still, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. stillatorie. See Still, v., to distill.]

1. A vessel, boiler, or copper used in the distillation of liquids;
specifically, one used for the distillation of alcoholic liquors; a
retort. The name is sometimes applied to the whole apparatus used in
in vaporization and condensation.

2. A house where liquors are distilled; a distillery. Still watcher,
a device for indicating the progress of distillation by the density
of the liquid given over. Knight.

STILL
Still, v. t. Etym: [Abbreviated fr. distill.]

1. To cause to fall by drops.

2. To expel spirit from by heat, or to evaporate and condense in a
refrigeratory; to distill. Tusser.

STILL
Still, v. i. Etym: [L. stillare. Cf. Distill.]

Defn: To drop, or flow in drops; to distill. [Obs.] Spenser.

STILLAGE
Stil"lage, n. (Bleaching)

Defn: A low stool to keep the goods from touching the floor. Knight.

STILLATITIOUS
Stil`la*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. stillaticius, fr. stillare to drop,
stilla a drop.]

Defn: Falling in drops; drawn by a still.

STILLATORY
Stil"la*to*ry, n.; pl. -ries. Etym: [From Still, for distill. Cf.
Still, n., and Distillatory, a.]

1. An alembic; a vessel for distillation. [R.] Bacon.

2. A laboratory; a place or room in which distillation is performed.
[R.] Dr. H. More. Sir H. Wotton.

STILLBIRTH
Still"birth`, n.

Defn: The birth of a dead fetus.

STILLBORN
Still"born`, a.

1. Dead at the birth; as, a stillborn child.

2. Fig.: Abortive; as, a stillborn poem. Swift.

STILL-BURN
Still"-burn`, v. t. Etym: [imp. & p. p. still-burnt or Still-burned
(; p. pr. & vb. n. Still-burning.]

Defn: To burn in the process of distillation; as, to still-burn
brandy.

STILL-CLOSING
Still"-clos"ing, a.

Defn: Ever closing. [Obs.] "Still-clothing waters." Shak.

STILLER
Still"er, n.

Defn: One who stills, or quiets.

STILLHOUSE
Still"house`, n.

Defn: A house in which distillation is carried on; a distillery.

STILL-HUNT
Still"-hunt`, n.

Defn: A hunting for game in a quiet and cautious manner, or under
cover; stalking; hence, colloquially, the pursuit of any object
quietly and cautiously.
 -- Still"-hunt`er, n.
 -- Still"-hunt`ing, n. [U.S.]

STILLICIDE
Stil"li*cide, n. Etym: [L. stillicidium; stilla a drop + cadere to
fall.]

Defn: A continual falling or succession of drops; rain water falling
from the eaves. Bacon.

STILLICIDIOUS
Stil`li*cid"i*ous, a.

Defn: Falling in drops. [Obs.]

STILLIFORM
Stil"li*form, a. Etym: [L. stilla a drop + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of a drop. Owen.

STILLING
Still"ing, n. Etym: [Cf. LG. stelling, G. stellen to set, to place.]

Defn: A stillion. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

STILLION
Stil"lion, n. Etym: [See Stilling.]

Defn: A stand, as for casks or vats in a brewery, or for pottery
while drying.

STILLNESS
Still"ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being still; quietness; silence; calmness;
inactivity.
Painting, then, was the art demanded by the modern intellect upon its
emergence from the stillness of the Middle Ages. J. A. Symonds.

2. Habitual silence or quiet; taciturnity.
The gravity and stillness of your youth The world hath noted. Shak.

STILLROOM
Still"room`, n.

1. A room for distilling.

2. An apartment in a house where liquors, preserves, and the like,
are kept. [Eng.]
Floors are rubbed bright, . . . stillroom and kitchen cleared for
action. Dickens.

STILLSON WRENCH
Still"son wrench.

Defn: A pipe wrench having an adjustable L-shaped jaw piece sliding
in a sleeve that is pivoted to, and loosely embraces, the handle.
Pressure on the handle increases the grip.

STILLSTAND
Still"stand`, n.

Defn: A standstill. [R.] Shak.

STILLY
Still"y, a.

Defn: Still; quiet; calm.
The stilly hour when storms are gone. Moore.

STILLY
Stil"ly, adv.

Defn: In a still manner; quietly; silently; softly. Dr. H. More.
The hum of either army stilly sounds. Shak.

STILPNOMELANE
Stilp*nom"e*lane, n. Etym: [Gr. stilpno`s shining + me`las, -anos,
black.] (Min.)

Defn: A black or greenish black mineral occurring in foliated flates,
also in velvety bronze-colored incrustations. It is a hydrous
silicate of iron and alumina.

STILT
Stilt, n. Etym: [OE. stilte; akin to Dan. stylte, Sw. stylta, LG. &
D. stelt, OHG. stelza, G. stelze, and perh. to E. stout.]

1. A pole, or piece of wood, constructed with a step or loop to raise
the foot above the ground in walking. It is sometimes lashed to the
leg, and sometimes prolonged upward so as to be steadied by the hand
or arm.
Ambition is but avarice on stilts, and masked. Landor.

2. A crutch; also, the handle of a plow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of limicoline birds belonging to Himantopus and
allied genera, in which the legs are remarkably long and slender.
Called also longshanks, stiltbird, stilt plover, and lawyer.

Note: The American species (Himantopus Mexicanus) is well known. The
European and Asiatic stilt (H. candidus) is usually white, except the
wings and interscapulars, which are greenish black. The white-headed
stilt (H. leucocephalus) and the banded stilt (Cladorhynchus
pectoralis) are found in Australia. Stilt plover (Zoöl.), the stilt.
 -- Stilt sandpiper (Zoöl.), an American sandpiper (Micropalama
himantopus) having long legs. The bill is somewhat expanded at the
tip.

STILT
Stilt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stilted; p. pr. & vb. n. Stilting.]

Defn: To raise on stilts, or as if on stilts.

STILTBIRD
Stilt"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Stilt, n., 3.

STILTED
Stilt"ed, a.

Defn: Elevated as if on stilts; hence, pompous; bombastic; as, a
stilted style; stilted declamation. Stilted arch (Arch.), an arch in
which the springing line is some distance above the impost, the space
between being occupied by a vertical member, molded or ornamented, as
a continuation of the archivolt, intrados, etc.

STILTIFY
Stilt"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [Stilt + -fy.]

Defn: To raise upon stilts, or as upon stilts; to stilt.

STILTON CHEESE; STILTON
Stil"ton cheese", or Stil"ton, n.

Defn: A peculiarly flavored unpressed cheese made from milk with
cream added; -- so called from the village or parish of Stilton,
England, where it was originally made. It is very rich in fat.

Thus, in the outset he was gastronomic; discussed the dinner from the
soup to the stilton.
C. Lever.

STILTY
Stilt"y, a.

Defn: Unreasonably elevated; pompous; stilted; as, a stilty style.

STIME
Stime, n. Etym: [Etymology uncertain.]

Defn: A slight gleam or glimmer; a glimpse. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

STIMEY; STIMIE
Sti"mey, Sti"mie, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Stymie.

STIMULANT
Stim"u*lant, a. Etym: [L. stimulans, p.pr.; cf. F. stimulant. See
Stimulate.]

1. Serving to stimulate.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Produced increased vital action in the organism, or in any of
its parts.

STIMULANT
Stim"u*lant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. stimulant.]

1. That which stimulates, provokes, or excites.
His feelings had been exasperated by the constant application of
stimulants. Macaulay.

2. (Physiol. & Med.)

Defn: An agent which produces a temporary increase of vital activity
in the organism, or in any of its parts; -- sometimes used without
qualification to signify an alcoholic beverage used as a stimulant.

STIMULATE
Stim"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stimulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Stimulating.] Etym: [L. stimulatus, p.p. of stimulare to prick or
goad on, to incite, fr. stimulus a goad. See Stimulus.]

1. To excite as if with a goad; to excite, rouse, or animate, to
action or more vigorous exertion by some pungent motive or by
persuasion; as, to stimulate one by the hope of reward, or by the
prospect of glory.
To excite and stimulate us thereunto. Dr. J. Scott.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: To excite; to irritate; especially, to excite the activity of
(a nerve or an irritable muscle), as by electricity.

Syn.
 -- To animate; incite; encourage; impel; urge; instigate; irritate;
exasperate; incense.

STIMULATION
Stim`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. stimulatio: cf. F. stimulation.]

1. The act of stimulating, or the state of being stimulated.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The irritating action of various agents (stimuli) on muscles,
nerves, or a sensory end organ, by which activity is evoked;
especially, the nervous impulse produced by various agents on nerves,
or a sensory end organ, by which the part connected with the nerve is
thrown into a state of activity; irritation.

STIMULATIVE
Stim"u*la*tive, a.

Defn: Having the quality of stimulating.
 -- n.

Defn: That which stimulates.

STIMULATOR
Stim"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. stimulateur.]

Defn: One who stimulates.

STIMULATRESS
Stim"u*la`tress, n.

Defn: A woman who stimulates.

STIMULISM
Stim"u*lism, n. (Med.)
(a) The theory of medical practice which regarded life as dependent
upon stimulation, or excitation, and disease as caused by excess or
deficiency in the amount of stimulation.
(b) The practice of treating disease by alcoholic stimulants. Dr. H.
Hartshorne.

STIMULUS
Stim"u*lus, n.; pl. Stimuli. Etym: [L., for stigmulus, akin to L.
instigare to stimulate. See Instigare, Stick, v. t.]

1. A goad; hence, something that rouses the mind or spirits; an
incentive; as, the hope of gain is a powerful stimulus to labor and
action.

2. That which excites or produces a temporary increase of vital
action, either in the whole organism or in any of its parts;
especially (Physiol.), any substance or agent capable of evoking the
activity of a nerve or irritable muscle, or capable of producing an
impression upon a sensory organ or more particularly upon its
specific end organ.

Note: Of the stimuli applied to the sensory apparatus, physiologists
distinguish two kinds: (a) Homologous stimuli, which act only upon
the end organ, and for whose action the sense organs are especially
adapted, as the rods and cones of the retina for the vibrations of
the either. (b) Heterologous stimuli, which are mechanical, chemical,
electrical, etc., and act upon the nervous elements of the sensory
apparatus along their entire course, producing, for example, the
flash of light beheld when the eye is struck. Landois & Stirling.

STING
Sting, n. Etym: [AS. sting a sting. See Sting, v. t.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any sharp organ of offense and defense, especially when
connected with a poison gland, and adapted to inflict a wound by
piercing; as the caudal sting of a scorpion. The sting of a bee or
wasp is a modified ovipositor. The caudal sting, or spine, of a sting
ray is a modified dorsal fin ray. The term is sometimes applied to
the fang of a serpent. See Illust. of Scorpion.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A sharp-pointed hollow hair seated on a gland which secrets an
acrid fluid, as in nettles. The points of these hairs usually break
off in the wound, and the acrid fluid is pressed into it.

3. Anything that gives acute pain, bodily or mental; as, the stings
of remorse; the stings of reproach.
The sting of death is sin. 1 Cor. xv. 56.

4. The thrust of a sting into the flesh; the act of stinging; a wound
inflicted by stinging. "The lurking serpent's mortal sting." Shak.

5. A goad; incitement. Shak.

6. The point of an epigram or other sarcastic saying. Sting moth
(Zoöl.), an Australian moth (Doratifera vulnerans) whose larva is
armed, at each end of the body, with four tubercles bearing powerful
stinging organs.
 -- Sting ray. (Zoöl.) See under 6th Ray.
 -- Sting winkle (Zoöl.), a spinose marine univalve shell of the
genus Murex, as the European species (Murex erinaceus). See Illust.
of Murex.

STING
Sting, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stung (Archaic Stang (); p. pr. & vb. n.
Stinging.] Etym: [AS. stingan; akin to Icel. & Sw. stinga, Dan.
stinge, and probably to E. stick, v.t.; cf. Goth. usstiggan to put
out, pluck out. Cf. Stick, v. t.]

1. To pierce or wound with a sting; as, bees will sting an animal
that irritates them; the nettles stung his hands.

2. To pain acutely; as, the conscience is stung with remorse; to
bite. "Slander stings the brave." Pope.

3. To goad; to incite, as by taunts or reproaches.

STINGAREE
Sting`a*ree", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any sting ray. See under 6th Ray.

STINGBULL
Sting"bull`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European greater weever fish (Trachinus draco), which is
capable of inflicting severe wounds with the spinous rays of its
dorsal fin. See Weever.

STINGER
Sting"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, stings.
Professor E. Forbes states that only a small minority of the medusæ
of our seas are stingers. Owen.

STINGFISH
Sting"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The weever.

STINGILY
Stin"gi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a stingy manner.

STINGINESS
Stin"gi*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being stingy.

STINGING
Sting"ing, a.

Defn: Piercing, or capable of piercing, with a sting; inflicting
acute pain as if with a sting, goad, or pointed weapon; pungent;
biting; as, stinging cold; a stinging rebuke.
 -- Sting"ing*ly, adv. Stinging cell. (Zoöl.) Same as Lasso cell,
under Lasso.

STINGLESS
Sting"less, a.

Defn: Having no sting.

STINGO
Stin"go, n. Etym: [From Sting.]

Defn: Old beer; sharp or strong liquor. [Old Slang]
Shall I set a cup of old stingo at your elbow Addison.

STING RAY; STINGRAY
Sting ray or Sting"ray`, n.

Defn: Any one of numerous rays of the family Dasyatidæ, syn.
Trygonidæ, having one or more large sharp barbed dorsal spines, on
the whiplike tail, capable of inflicting severe wounds. Some species
reach a large size, and some, esp., on the American Pacific coast,
are very destructive to oysters.

STINGTAIL
Sting"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sting ray.

STINGY
Sting"y, a.

Defn: Stinging; able to sting.

STINGY
Stin"gy, a. [Compar. Stingier; superl. Stingiest.] Etym: [Probably
from sting, and meaning originally, stinging; hence, biting, nipping
(of the wind), churlish, avaricious; or cf. E. skinch.]

Defn: Extremely close and covetous; meanly avaricious; niggardly;
miserly; penurious; as, a stingy churl.
A stingy, narrow-hearted fellow that had a deal of choice fruit, had
not the heart to touch it till it began to be rotten. L'estrange.

STINK
Stink, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stunk, Stank (, p. pr. & vb. n. Stinking.]
Etym: [AS. stinkan to have a smell (whether good or bad); akin to
OHG. stinchan, G. & D. stinken to stink; of uncertain origin; cf.
Icel. stökkva to leap, to spring, Goth. stigqan to push, strike, or
Gr. Stench.]

Defn: To emit a strong, offensive smell; to send out a disgusting
odor.

STINK
Stink, v. t.

Defn: To cause to stink; to affect by a stink.

STINK
Stink, n. Etym: [AS. stinc.]

Defn: A strong, offensive smell; a disgusting odor; a stench. Fire
stink. See under Fire.
 -- Stink-fire lance. See under Lance.
 -- Stink rat (Zoöl.), the musk turtle. [Local, U.S.] -- Stink shad
(Zoöl.), the gizzard shad. [Local, U.S.] Stink trap, a stench trap.
See under Stench.

STINKARD
Stink"ard, n.

1. A mean, stinking, paltry fellow. B. Jonson.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The teledu of the East Indies. It emits a disagreeable odor.

STINKBALL
Stink"ball`, n.

Defn: A composition of substances which in combustion emit a
suffocating odor; -- used formerly in naval warfare.

STINKER
Stink"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, stinks.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of the several species of large antarctic petrels which
feed on blubber and carrion and have an offensive odor, as the giant
fulmar.

STINKHORN
Stink"horn`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of fungus of the genus Phallus, which emits a fetid
odor.

STINKING
Stink"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Stink, v. Stinking badger (Zoöl.), the teledu.
 -- Stinking cedar (Bot.), the California nutmeg tree; also, a
related tree of Florida (Torreya taxifolia).

STINKINGLY
Stink"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a stinking manner; with an offensive smell.

STINKPOT
Stink"pot`, n.

1. An earthen jar charged with powder, grenades, and other materials
of an offensive and suffocating smell, -- sometimes used in boarding
an enemy's vessel.

2. A vessel in which disinfectants are burned.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The musk turtle, or musk tortoise. See under Musk.

STINKSTONE
Stink"stone`, n. (Min.)

Defn: One of the varieties of calcite, barite, and feldspar, which
emit a fetid odor on being struck; -- called also swinestone.

STINKWEED
Stink"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Stramonium. See Jamestown weed, and Datura.

STINKWOOD
Stink"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several kinds of wood with an unpleasant smell,
as that of the Foetidia Mauritiana of the Mauritius, and that of the
South African Ocotea bullata.

STINT
Stint, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of several species of small sandpipers, as the sanderling
of Europe and America, the dunlin, the little stint of India (Tringa
minuta), etc. Called also pume.
(b) A phalarope.

STINT
Stint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Stinting.] Etym:
[OE. stinten, stenten, stunten, to cause to cease, AS. styntan (in
comp.) to blunt, dull, fr. stunt dull, stupid; akin to Icel. stytta
to shorten, stuttr short, dial, Sw. stynta to shorten, stunt short.
Cf. Stent, Stunt.]

1. To restrain within certain limits; to bound; to confine; to
restrain; to restrict to a scant allowance.
I shall not go about to extenuate the latitude of the curse upon the
earth, or stint it only to the production of weeds. Woodward.
She stints them in their meals. Law.

2. To put an end to; to stop. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To assign a certain (i. e., limited) task to (a person), upon the
performance of which one is excused from further labor for the day or
for a certain time; to stent.

4. To serve successfully; to get with foal; -- said of mares.
The majority of maiden mares will become stinted while at work. J. H.
Walsh.

STINT
Stint, v. i.

Defn: To stop; to cease. [Archaic]
They can not stint till no thing be left. Chaucer.
And stint thou too, I pray thee. Shak.
The damsel stinted in her song. Sir W. Scott.

STINT
Stint, n. Etym: [Also written stent. See Stint, v. t.]

1. Limit; bound; restraint; extent.
God has wrote upon no created thing the utmost stint of his power.
South.

2. Quantity or task assigned; proportion allotted.
His old stint -- three thousand pounds a year. Cowper.

STINTANCE
Stint"ance, n.

Defn: Restraint; stoppage. [Obs.]

STINTEDNESS
Stint"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being stinted.

STINTER
Stint"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, stints.

STINTLESS
Stint"less, a.

Defn: Without stint or restraint.
The stintlesstears of old Heraclitus. Marston.

STIPE
Stipe, n. Etym: [L. stipes a stock, post, branch: cf. F. stipe.]
(Bot.)
(a) The stalk or petiole of a frond, as of a fern.
(b) The stalk of a pistil.
(c) The trunk of a tree.
(d) The stem of a fungus or mushroom.

STIPEL
Sti"pel, n. Etym: [See Stipule.] (Bot.)

Defn: The stipule of a leaflet. Gray.

STIPELLATE
Sti*pel"late, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having stipels.

STIPEND
Sti"pend, n. Etym: [L. stipendium; stips, gen. stipis, a gift,
donation, given in small coin + pendere to weigh or pay out.]

Defn: Settled pay or compensation for services, whether paid daily,
monthly, or annually.

STIPEND
Sti"pend, v. t.

Defn: To pay by settled wages. [R.]

STIPENDIARIAN
Sti*pen`di*a"ri*an, a.

Defn: Acting from mercenary considerations; stipendiary. A. Seward.

STIPENDIARY
Sti*pen"di*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. stipendiarius: cf. F. stipendiaire.]

Defn: Receiving wages, or salary; performing services for a stated
price or compensation.
His great stipendiary prelates came with troops of evil-appointed
horseman not half full. Knolles.

STIPENDIARY
Sti*pen"di*a*ry, n.; pl. Stipendiaries (.

Defn: One who receives a stipend.
If thou art become A tyrant's vile stipendiary. Glover.

STIPENDIATE
Sti*pen"di*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. stipendiatus, p.p. of stipendiari to
receive pay.]

Defn: To provide with a stipend, or salary; to support; to pay.
Evelyn.
It is good to endow colleges, and to found chairs, and to stipendiate
professors. I. Taylor.

STIPENDLESS
Sti"pend*less (sti"pênd*lês), a.

Defn: Having no stipend.

STIPES
Sti"pes (-pez), n.; pl. Stipites. Etym: [L., a stock.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The second joint of a maxilla of an insect or a crustacean.
(b) An eyestalk.

STIPITATE
Stip"i*tate, a. Etym: [NL. stipitatus, from L. stipes, gen. stipitis,
a stock. See Stipe.] (Bot.)

Defn: Supported by a stipe; elevated on a stipe, as the fronds of
most ferns, or the pod of certain cruciferous plants.

STIPITIFORM
Stip"i*ti*form, a. Etym: [Stipes + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the shape of a stalk; stalklike.

STIPPLE
Stip"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stippled; p. pr. & vb. n. Stippling.]
Etym: [D. stippelen to make points, to spot, dot, from stippel, dim.
of stip a dot, spot.]

1. To engrave by means of dots, in distinction from engraving in
lines.
The interlaying of small pieces can not altogether avoid a broken,
stippled, spotty effect. Milman.

2. To paint, as in water colors, by small, short touches which
together produce an even or softly graded surface.

STIPPLE; STIPPLING
Stip"ple, Stip"pling, n. (Engraving)

Defn: A mode of execution which produces the effect by dots or small
points instead of lines.

2. (Paint.)

Defn: A mode of execution in which a flat or even tint is produced by
many small touches.

STIPTIC
Stip"tic, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: See Styptic.

STIPULA
Stip"u*la, n.; pl. E. Stipulas, L. Stipulæ. Etym: [L., a stalk,
stem.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A stipule.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A newly sprouted feather.

STIPULACEOUS; STIPULAR
Stip`u*la"ceous, Stip"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. stipulacé, stipulaire.
See Stipula.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to stipules; resembling stipules; furnished
with stipules; growing on stipules, or close to them; occupying the
position of stipules; as, stipular glands and stipular tendrils.

STIPULARY
Stip"u*la*ry, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to stipules; stipular.

STIPULATE
Stip"u*late, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with stipules; as, a stipulate leaf.

STIPULATE
Stip"u*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stipulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Stipulating.] Etym: [L. stipulatus, p.p. of stipulari to stipulate,
fr. OL. stipulus firm, fast; probably akin to L. stipes a post. Cf.
Stiff.]

Defn: To make an agreement or covenant with any person or company to
do or forbear anything; to bargain; to contract; to settle terms; as,
certain princes stipulated to assist each other in resisting the
armies of France.

STIPULATION
Stip`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. stipulatio: cf. F. stipulation.]

1. The act of stipulating; a contracting or bargaining; an agreement.

2. That which is stipulated, or agreed upon; that which is definitely
arranged or contracted; an agreement; a covenant; a contract or
bargain; also, any particular article, item, or condition, in a
mutual agreement; as, the stipulations of the allied powers to
furnish each his contingent of troops.

3. (Law)

Defn: A material article of an agreement; an undertaking in the
nature of bail taken in the admiralty courts; a bargain. Bouvier.
Wharton.

Syn.
 -- Agreement; contract; engagement. See Covenant.

STIPULATION
Stip`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [See Stipule.] (Bot.)

Defn: The situation, arrangement, and structure of the stipules.

STIPULATOR
Stip"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who stipulates, contracts, or covenants.

STIPULE
Stip"ule, n. Etym: [L. stipula a stalk, stem, straw: cf. F. stipule.
Cf. Stubble.] (Bot.)

Defn: An appendage at the base of petioles or leaves, usually
somewhat resembling a small leaf in texture and appearance.

STIPULED
Stip"uled, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with stipules, or leafy appendages.

STIR
Stir, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stirred; p. pr. & vb. n. Stirring.] Etym:
[OE. stiren, steren, sturen, AS. styrian; probably akin to D. storen
to disturb, G. stören, OHG. storen to scatter, destroy. *166.]

1. To change the place of in any manner; to move.
My foot I had never yet in five days been able to stir. Sir W.
Temple.

2. To disturb the relative position of the particles of, as of a
liquid, by passing something through it; to agitate; as, to stir a
pudding with a spoon.
My mind is troubled, like a fountain stirred. Shak.

3. To bring into debate; to agitate; to moot.
Stir not questions of jurisdiction. Bacon.

4. To incite to action; to arouse; to instigate; to prompt; to
excite. "To stir men to devotion." Chaucer.
An Ate, stirring him to blood and strife. Shak.
And for her sake some mutiny will stir. Dryden.

Note: In all senses except the first, stir is often followed by up
with an intensive effect; as, to stir up fire; to stir up sedition.

Syn.
 -- To move; incite; awaken; rouse; animate; stimulate; excite;
provoke.

STIR
Stir, v. i.

1. To move; to change one's position.
I had not power to stir or strive, But felt that I was still alive.
Byron.

2. To be in motion; to be active or bustling; to exert or busy one's
self.
All are not fit with them to stir and toil. Byron.
The friends of the unfortunate exile, far from resenting his unjust
suspicions, were stirring anxiously in his behalf. Merivale.

3. To become the object of notice; to be on foot.
They fancy they have a right to talk freely upon everything that
stirs or appears. I. Watts.

4. To rise, or be up, in the morning. [Colloq.] Shak.

STIR
Stir, n.

1. The act or result of stirring; agitation; tumult; bustle; noise or
various movements.
Why all these words, this clamor, and this stir Denham.
Consider, after so much stir about genus and species, how few words
we have yet settled definitions of. Locke.

2. Public disturbance or commotion; tumultuous disorder; seditious
uproar.
Being advertised of some stirs raised by his unnatural sons in
England. Sir J. Davies.

3. Agitation of thoughts; conflicting passions.

STIRABOUT
Stir"a*bout`, n.

Defn: A dish formed of oatmeal boiled in water to a certain
consistency and frequently stirred, or of oatmeal and dripping mixed
together and stirred about in a pan; a hasty pudding.

STIRIATED
Stir"i*a`ted, a. Etym: [L. stiria an icicle.]

Defn: Adorned with pendants like icicles.

STIRIOUS
Stir"i*ous, a. Etym: [L. stiria an icicle.]

Defn: Resembling icicles. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

STIRK
Stirk, n. Etym: [AS. stric, from steór a steer. See Steer a young
ox.]

Defn: A young bullock or heifer. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

STIRLESS
Stir"less, a.

Defn: Without stirring; very quiet; motionless. "Lying helpless and
stirless." Hare.

STIRP
Stirp, n. Etym: [L. stirps, stirpis.]

Defn: Stock; race; family. [Obs.] Bacon.

STIRPICULTURE
Stir"pi*cul`ture, n. Etym: [L. stirps, stirpis, stem, stock, race +
cultura culture.]

Defn: The breeding of special stocks or races.

STIRPS
Stirps, n.; pl. Stirpes. Etym: [L., stem, stock.]

1. (Law)

Defn: Stock; race; family. Blackstone.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A race, or a fixed and permanent variety.

STIRRAGE
Stir"rage, n.

Defn: The act of stirring; stir; commotion. [Obs.] T. Granger.

STIRRER
Stir"rer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, stirs something; also, one who moves
about, especially after sleep; as, an early stirrer. Shak. Stirrer
up, an instigator or inciter. Atterbury.

STIRRING
Stir"ring, a.

Defn: Putting in motion, or being in motion; active; active in
business; habitually employed in some kind of business; accustomed to
a busy life.
A more stirring and intellectual age than any which had gone before
it. Southey.

Syn.
 -- Animating; arousing; awakening; stimulating; quickening;
exciting.

STIRRUP
Stir"rup, n. Etym: [OE. stirop, AS. stigrap; stigan to mount, ascend
+ rap a rope; akin to G. stegreif a stirrup. *164. See Sty, v. i.,
and Rope.]

1. A kind of ring, or bent piece of metal, wood, leather, or the
like, horizontal in one part for receiving the foot of a rider, and
attached by a strap to the saddle, -- used to assist a person in
mounting a horse, and to enable him to sit steadily in riding, as
well as to relieve him by supporting a part of the weight of the
body.
Our host upon his stirpoes stood anon. Chaucer.

2. (Carp. & Mach.)

Defn: Any piece resembling in shape the stirrup of a saddle, and used
as a support, clamp, etc. See Bridle iron.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope secured to a yard, with a thimble in its lower end for
supporting a footrope. Totten. Stirrup bone (Anat.), the stapes.
 -- Stirrup cup, a parting cup taken after mounting.
 -- Stirrup iron, an iron stirrup.
 -- Stirrup leather, or Stirrup strap, the strap which attaches a
stirrup to the saddle. See Stirrup, 1.

STIRT
Stirt, obs. p. p. of Start, v. i.

Defn: Started; leaped.
They privily be stirt into a well. Chaucer.

STIRTE
Stir"te, obs.

Defn: imp. of Start, v. i. & t. Chaucer.

STITCH
Stitch, n. Etym: [OE. stiche, AS. stice a pricking, akin to stician
to prick. See Stick, v. i.]

1. A single pass of a needle in sewing; the loop or turn of the
thread thus made.

2. A single turn of the thread round a needle in knitting; a link, or
loop, of yarn; as, to let down, or drop, a stitch; to take up a
stitch.

3. Etym: [Cf. OE. sticche, stecche, stucche, a piece, AS. stycce. Cf.
Stock.]

Defn: A space of work taken up, or gone over, in a single pass of the
needle; hence, by extension, any space passed over; distance.
You have gone a good stitch. Bunyan.
In Syria the husbandmen go lightly over with their plow, and take no
deep stitch in making their furrows. Holland.

4. A local sharp pain; an acute pain, like the piercing of a needle;
as, a stitch in the side.
He was taken with a cold and with stitches, which was, indeed, a
pleurisy. Bp. Burnet.

5. A contortion, or twist. [Obs.]
If you talk, Or pull your face into a stitch again, I shall be angry.
Marston.

6. Any least part of a fabric or dress; as, to wet every stitch of
clothes. [Colloq.]

7. A furrow. Chapman. Chain stitch, Lock stitch. See in the
Vocabulary.
 -- Pearl, or Purl stitch. See 2nd Purl, 2.

STITCH
Stitch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stitched; p. pr. & vb. n. Stitching.]

1. To form stitches in; especially, to sew in such a manner as to
show on the surface a continuous line of stitches; as, to stitch a
shirt bosom.

2. To sew, or unite together by stitches; as, to stitch printed
sheets in making a book or a pamphlet.

3. (Agric.)

Defn: To form land into ridges. To stitch up, to mend or unite with a
needle and thread; as, to stitch up a rent; to stitch up an artery.

STITCH
Stitch, v. i.

Defn: To practice stitching, or needlework.

STITCHEL
Stitch"el, n.

Defn: A kind of hairy wool. [Prov.]

STITCHER
Stitch"er, n.

Defn: One who stitches; a seamstress.

STITCHERY
Stitch"er*y, n.

Defn: Needlework; -- in comtempt. Shak.

STITCHING
Stitch"ing, n.

1. The act of one who stitches.

2. Work done by sewing, esp. when a continuous line of stitches is
shown on the surface; stitches, collectively.

STITCHWORT
Stitch"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Stichwort.

STITH
Stith, a. Etym: [AS. sti.]

Defn: Strong; stiff; rigid. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

STITH
Stith, n. Etym: [Icel. ste an anvil, akin to sta place. See Stead.]

Defn: An anvil; a stithy. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
He invented also pincers, hammers, iron crows, and the anvil, or
stith. Holland.

STITHY
Stith"y, n. Etym: [See Stith, and cf. Stiddy.]

1. An anvil. Sir W. Scott.

2. A smith's shop; a smithy; a smithery; a forge. "As foul as
Vulcan's stithy." Shak.

STITHY
Stith"y, v. t.

Defn: To forge on an anvil.
The forge that stithied Mars his helm. Shak.

STIVE
Stive, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stived; p. pr. & vb. n. Stiving.] Etym:
[Probably fr. F. estiver to compress, stow, L. stipare: cf. It.
stivare, Sp. estivar. Cf. Stevedore, Stiff.]

Defn: To stuff; to crowd; to fill full; hence, to make hot and close;
to render stifling. Sandys.
His chamber was commonly stived with friends or suitors of one kind
or other. Sir H. Wotton.

STIVE
Stive, v. i.

Defn: To be stifled or suffocated.

STIVE
Stive, n.

Defn: The floating dust in flour mills caused by the operation or
grinding. De Colange.

STIVER
Sti"ver, n. Etym: [D. stuiver; akin to G. stüber, Dan. styver, Sw.
styfver.]

Defn: A Dutch coin, and money of account, of the value of two cents,
or about one penny sterling; hence, figuratively, anything of little
worth.

STIVES
Stives, n. pl. Etym: [OE. See Stew.]

Defn: Stews; a brothel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STOAK
Stoak, v. t. Etym: [Cf. G. stocken.] (Naut.)

Defn: To stop; to choke.

STOAT
Stoat, n. Etym: [OE. stot a stoat, horse, bullock; perhaps originally
only of male animals, and akin to D. stooten to push, E. stutter; cf.
Icel. st a bull, Sw. stut a bullock. Cf. Stot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ermine in its summer pelage, when it is reddish brown, but
with a black tip to the tail. The name is sometimes applied also to
other brown weasels.

STOCAH
Sto"cah, n. Etym: [Ir. & Gael. stocach an idle fellow who lives on
the industry of others, a lounger.]

Defn: A menial attendant. [Obs.] Spenser.

STOCCADE
Stoc*cade", n. & v.

Defn: See Stockade.

STOCCADO
Stoc*ca"do, n. Etym: [F. estocade, fr. Sp. estocada, or It. stoccata,
from Sp. estoque, or It. stocco, a rapier, fr. G. stock a stick. See
Stock.]

Defn: A stab; a thrust with a rapier. Shak.

STOCHASTIC
Sto*chas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Conjectural; able to conjecture. [Obs.] Whitefoot.

STOCK
Stock, n. Etym: [AS. stocc a stock, trunk, stick; akin to D. stok, G.
stock, OHG. stoc, Icel. stokkr, Sw. stock, Dan. stok, and AS. stycce
a piece; cf. Skr. tuj to urge, thrust. Cf. Stokker, Stucco, and Tuck
a rapier.]

1. The stem, or main body, of a tree or plant; the fixed, strong,
firm part; the trunk.
Though the root thereof wax old in the earth, and the stock thereof
die in the ground, yet through the scent of water it will bud, and
bring forth boughs like a plant. Job xiv. 8,9.

2. The stem or branch in which a graft is inserted.
The scion overruleth the stock quite. Bacon.

3. A block of wood; something fixed and solid; a pillar; a firm
support; a post.
All our fathers worshiped stocks and stones. Milton.
Item, for a stock of brass for the holy water, seven shillings;
which, by the canon, must be of marble or metal, and in no case of
brick. Fuller.

4. Hence, a person who is as dull and lifeless as a stock or post;
one who has little sense.
Let's be no stoics, nor no stocks. Shak.

5. The principal supporting part; the part in which others are
inserted, or to which they are attached. Specifically: --
(a) The wood to which the barrel, lock, etc., of a musket or like
firearm are secured; also, a long, rectangular piece of wood, which
is an important part of several forms of gun carriage.
(b) The handle or contrivance by which bits are held in boring; a
bitstock; a brace.
(c) (Joinery) The block of wood or metal frame which constitutes the
body of a plane, and in which the plane iron is fitted; a plane
stock.
(d) (Naut.) The wooden or iron crosspiece to which the shank of an
anchor is attached. See Illust. of Anchor.
(e) The support of the block in which an anvil is fixed, or of the
anvil itself.
(f) A handle or wrench forming a holder for the dies for cutting
screws; a diestock.
(g) The part of a tally formerly struck in the exchequer, which was
delivered to the person who had lent the king money on account, as
the evidence of indebtedness. See Counterfoil. [Eng.]

6. The original progenitor; also, the race or line of a family; the
progenitor of a family and his direct descendants; lineage; family.
And stand betwixt them made, when, severally, All told their stock.
Chapman.
Thy mother was no goddess, nor thy stock From Dardanus. Denham.

7. Money or capital which an individual or a firm employs in
business; fund; in the United States, the capital of a bank or other
company, in the form of transferable shares, each of a certain
amount; money funded in government securities, called also the public
funds; in the plural, property consisting of shares in joint-stock
companies, or in the obligations of a government for its funded debt;
-- so in the United States, but in England the latter only are called
stocks, and the former shares.

8. (Bookkeeping)

Defn: Same as Stock account, below.

9. Supply provided; store; accumulation; especially, a merchant's or
manufacturer's store of goods; as, to lay in a stock of provisions.
Add to that stock which justly we bestow. Dryden.

10. (Agric.)

Defn: Domestic animals or beasts collectively, used or raised on a
farm; as, a stock of cattle or of sheep, etc.; -- called also live
stock.

11. (Card Playing)

Defn: That portion of a pack of cards not distributed to the players
at the beginning of certain games, as gleek, etc., but which might be
drawn from afterward as occasion required; a bank.
I must buy the stock; send me good cardings. Beau. & Fl.

12. A thrust with a rapier; a stoccado. [Obs.]

13. Etym: [Cf. Stocking.]

Defn: A covering for the leg, or leg and foot; as, upper stocks
(breeches); nether stocks (stockings). [Obs.]
With a linen stock on one leg. Shak.

14. A kind of stiff, wide band or cravat for the neck; as, a silk
stock.

15. pl.

Defn: A frame of timber, with holes in which the feet, or the feet
and hands, of criminals were formerly confined by way of punishment.
He shall rest in my stocks. Piers Plowman.

16. pl. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: The frame or timbers on which a ship rests while building.

17. pl.

Defn: Red and gray bricks, used for the exterior of walls and the
front of buildings. [Eng.]

18. (Bot.)

Defn: Any cruciferous plant of the genus Matthiola; as, common stock
(Matthiola incana) (see Gilly-flower); ten-weeks stock (M. annua).

19. (Geol.)

Defn: An irregular metalliferous mass filling a large cavity in a
rock formation, as a stock of lead ore deposited in limestone.

20. A race or variety in a species.

21. (Biol.)

Defn: In tectology, an aggregate or colony of persons (see Person),
as trees, chains of salpæ, etc.

22. The beater of a fulling mill. Knight.

23. (Cookery)

Defn: A liquid or jelly containing the juices and soluble parts of
meat, and certain vegetables, etc., extracted by cooking; -- used in
making soup, gravy, etc. Bit stock. See Bitstock.
 -- Dead stock (Agric.), the implements of husbandry, and produce
stored up for use; -- in distinction from live stock, or the domestic
animals on the farm. See def. 10, above.
 -- Head stock. See Headstock.
 -- Paper stock, rags and other material of which paper is made.
 -- Stock account (Bookkeeping), an account on a merchant's ledger,
one side of which shows the original capital, or stock, and the
additions thereto by accumulation or contribution, the other side
showing the amounts withdrawn.
 -- Stock car, a railway car for carrying cattle.
 -- Stock company (Com.), an incorporated company the capital of
which is represented by marketable shares having a certain equal par
value.
 -- Stock duck (Zoöl.), the mallard.
 -- Stock exchange. (a) The building or place where stocks are bought
and sold; stock market; hence, transactions of all kinds in stocks.
(b) An association or body of stockbrokers who meet and transact
business by certain recognized forms, regulations, and usages.
Wharton. Brande & C.
 -- Stock farmer, a farmer who makes it his business to rear live
stock.
 -- Stock gillyflower (Bot.), the common stock. See Stock, n., 18.
 -- Stock gold, gold laid up so as to form a stock, or hoard.
 -- Stock in trade, the goods kept for sale by a shopkeeper; the
fittings and appliances of a workman. Simmonds.
 -- Stock list, a list of stocks, or shares, dealt in, of
transactions, and of prices.
 -- Stock lock, a lock inclosed in a wooden case and attached to the
face of a door.
 -- Stock market. (a) A place where stocks are bought and sold; the
stock exchange. (b) A market for live stock.
 -- Stock pigeon. (Zoöl.) Same as Stockdove.
 -- Stock purse. (a) A common purse, as distinguished from a private
purse. (b) (Mil.) Moneys saved out of the expenses of a company or
regiment, and applied to objects of common interest. [Eng.] -- Stock
shave, a tool used by blockmakers.
 -- Stock station, a place or district for rearing stock. [Australia]
W. Howitt.
 -- Stock tackle (Naut.), a tackle used when the anchor is hoisted
and secured, to keep its stock clear of the ship's sides. Totten.
 -- Stock taking, an examination and inventory made of goods or stock
in a shop or warehouse; -- usually made periodically.
 -- Tail stock. See Tailstock.
 -- To have something on the stock, to be at work at something.
 -- To take stock, to take account of stock; to make an inventory of
stock or goods on hand. Dickens.
 -- To take stock in. (a) To subscribe for, or purchase, shares in a
stock company. (b) To put faith in; to accept as trustworthy; as, to
take stock in a person's fidelity. [Slang] -- To take stock of, to
take account of the stock of; to take an inventory of; hence, to
ascertain the facts in regard to (something). [Eng.]
At the outset of any inquiry it is proper to take stock of the
results obtained by previous explorers of the same field. Leslie
Stephen.

Syn.
 -- Fund; capital; store; supply; accumulation; hoard; provision.

STOCK
Stock, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stocked; p. pr. & vb. n. Stocking.]

1. To lay up; to put aside for future use; to store, as merchandise,
and the like.

2. To provide with material requisites; to store; to fill; to supply;
as, to stock a warehouse, that is, to fill it with goods; to stock a
farm, that is, to supply it with cattle and tools; to stock land,
that is, to occupy it with a permanent growth, especially of grass.

3. To suffer to retain milk for twenty-four hours or more previous to
sale, as cows.

4. To put in the stocks. [R.] Shak. To stock an anchor (Naut.), to
fit it with a stock, or to fasten the stock firmly in place.
 -- To stock cards (Card Playing), to arrange cards in a certain
manner for cheating purposes. [Cant] -- To stock down (Agric.), to
sow, as plowed land, with grass seed, in order that it may become
swarded, and produce grass.
 -- To stock up, to extirpate; to dig up.

STOCK
Stock, a.

Defn: Used or employed for constant service or application, as if
constituting a portion of a stock or supply; standard; permanent;
standing; as, a stock actor; a stock play; a stock sermon. "A stock
charge against Raleigh." C. Kingsley. Stock company (Theater), a
company of actors regularly employed at one theater, or permanently
acting together in various plays under one management.

STOCKADE
Stock*ade", n. Etym: [F. estacade stockade, boom (confused in French
with estocade; see 1st Stoccado); fr. It. steccata a palisade
(influenced by OF. estach, estaque, a stake, post), or from Sp.
estacada a palisade; both of German origin, and akin to E. stake,
stick; cf. G. stecken stick, OHG. steccho. See Stake, n., Stick, n. &
v. t., and cf. Estacade, Stacket.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A line of stout posts or timbers set firmly in the earth in
contact with each other (and usually with loopholes) to form a
barrier, or defensive fortification. [Written also stoccade.]

2. An inclosure, or pen, made with posts and stakes.

STOCKADE
Stock*ade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stockaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Stockading.]

Defn: To surround, fortify, or protect with a stockade.

STOCK-BLIND
Stock"-blind`, a.

Defn: Blind as a stock; wholly blind.

STOCKBROKER
Stock"bro`ker, n.

Defn: A broker who deals in stocks.

STOCKDOVE
Stock"dove`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A common European wild pigeon (Columba ænas), so called because
at one time believed to be the stock of the domestic pigeon, or,
according to some, from its breeding in the stocks, or trunks, of
trees.

Note: The name is applied, also, to other related species, as the
Indian stockdove (Palumbæna Eversmanni).

STOCKER
Stock"er, n.

Defn: One who makes or fits stocks, as of guns or gun carriages, etc.

STOCKFISH
Stock"fish`, n. Etym: [Cf. D. stokvisch.]

1. Salted and dried fish, especially codfish, hake, ling, and torsk;
also, codfish dried without being salted.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Young fresh cod.

STOCKHOLDER
Stock"hold`er, n.

Defn: One who is a holder or proprietor of stock in the public funds,
or in the funds of a bank or other stock company.

STOCKINET
Stock`i*net", n.

Defn: An elastic textile fabric imitating knitting, of which
stockings, under-garments, etc., are made.

STOCKING
Stock"ing, n. Etym: [From Stock, which was formerly used of a
covering for the legs and feet, combining breeches, or upper stocks,
and stockings, or nether stocks.]

Defn: A close-fitting covering for the foot and leg, usually knit or
woven. Blue stocking. See Bluestocking.
 -- Stocking frame, a machine for knitting stockings or other hosiery
goods.

STOCKING
Stock"ing, v. t.

Defn: To dress in GBs. Dryden.

STOCKINGER
Stock"ing*er, n.

Defn: A stocking weaver.

STOCKISH
Stock"ish, a.

Defn: Like a stock; stupid; blockish.
Since naught so stockish, hard, and full of rage, But music for the
time doth change his nature. Shak.

STOCKJOBBER
Stock"job`ber, n. Etym: [Stock + job.]

Defn: One who speculates in stocks for gain; one whose occupation is
to buy and sell stocks. In England a jobber acts as an intermediary
between brokers.

STOCKJOBBING
Stock"job`bing, n.

Defn: The act or art of dealing in stocks; the business of a
stockjobber.

STOCKMAN
Stock"man, n.; pl. Stockmen (.

Defn: A herdsman; a ranchman; one owning, or having charge of, herds
of live stock. [Australia & U.S.] W. Howitt.

STOCK-STILL
Stock"-still`, a. Etym: [CF. G. stock-still.]

Defn: Still as a stock, or fixed post; perfectly still.
His whole work stands stock-still. Sterne.

STOCKWORK
Stock"work`, n. Etym: [G. stockwerk.]

1. (Mining)

Defn: A system of working in ore, etc., when it lies not in strata or
veins, but in solid masses, so as to be worked in chambers or
stories.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: A metalliferous deposit characterized by the impregnation of
the mass of rock with many small veins or nests irregularly grouped.
This kind of deposit is especially common with tin ore. Such deposits
are worked in floors or stories.

STOCKY
Stock"y, a. Etym: [From Stock.]

1. Short and thick; thick rather than tall or corpulent. Addison.
Stocky, twisted, hunchback stems. Mrs. H. H. Jackson.

2. Headstrong. [Prov. Eng.] G. Eliot.

STODGY
Stodg"y, a.

Defn: Wet. [Prov. Eng.] G. Eliot.

STOECHIOLOGY; STOECHIOMETRY
Stoech`i*ol"o*gy, n., Stoech`i*om"e*try (, n., etc.

Defn: See Stoichiology, Stoichiometry, etc.

STOGY
Sto"gy, a. [Etym. uncertain. Cf. Stocky.]

Defn: heavy; coarse; clumsy. [Colloq.]

STOGY
Sto"gy, n.; pl. Stogies. [Written also stogie.] [Colloq.]

1. A stout, coarse boot or shoe; a brogan.

2.  A kind of cheap, but not necessary inferior, cigar made in the
form of a cylindrical roll.

STOIC
Sto"ic, n. Etym: [L. stoicus, Gr.

1. A disciple of the philosopher Zeno; one of a Greek sect which held
that men should be free from passion, unmoved by joy or grief, and
should submit without complaint to unavoidable necessity, by which
all things are governed.

2. Hence, a person not easily excited; an apathetic person; one who
is apparently or professedly indifferent to pleasure or pain.
A Stoic of the woods, a man without a tear. Campbell.
School of Stoics. See The Porch, under Porch.

STOIC; STOICAL
Sto"ic, Sto"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. stoicus, Gr. stoïque. See Stoic, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to the Stoics; resembling the Stoics or their
doctrines.

2. Not affected by passion; manifesting indifference to pleasure or
pain.
 -- Sto"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Sto"ic*al*ness, n.

STOICHIOLOGICAL
Stoi`chi*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to stoichiology.

STOICHIOLOGY
Stoi`chi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] [Written also stoechiology.]

1. That part of the science of physiology which treats of the
elements, or principles, composing animal tissues.

2. (Logic)

Defn: The doctrine of the elementary requisites of mere thought. Sir
W. Hamilton.

3. The statement or discussion of the first principles of any science
or art.

STOICHIOMETRIC; STOICHIOMETRICAL
Stoi`chi*o*met"ric, Stoi`chi*o*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to stoichiometry; employed in, or obtained by,
stoichiometry.

STOICHIOMETRY
Stoi`chi*om"e*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -metry.]

Defn: The art or process of calculating the atomic proportions,
combining weights, and other numerical relations of chemical elements
and their compounds.

STOICISM
Sto"i*cism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. stoïcisme.]

1. The opinions and maxims of the Stoics.

2. A real or pretended indifference to pleasure or pain;
insensibility; impassiveness.

STOICITY
Sto*ic"i*ty, n.

Defn: Stoicism. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

STOKE
Stoke, v. t. Etym: [OE. stoken, fr. D. stoken, fr. stok a stick (cf.
OF. estoquier to thrust, stab; of Teutonic origin, and akin to D.
stok). See Stock.]

1. To stick; to thrust; to stab. [Obs.]
Nor short sword for to stoke, with point biting. Chaucer.

2. To poke or stir up, as a fire; hence, to tend, as the fire of a
furnace, boiler, etc.

STOKE
Stoke, v. i.

Defn: To poke or stir up a fire; hence, to tend the fires of
furnaces, steamers, etc.

STOKEHOLD
Stoke"hold`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The space, or any of the spaces, in front of the boilers of a
ship, from which the furnaces are fed; the stokehole of a ship; also,
a room containing a ship's boilers; as, forced draft with  closed
stokehold; -- called also, in American ships, fireroom.

STOKEHOLE
Stoke"hole`, n.

Defn: The mouth to the grate of a furnace; also, the space in front
of the furnace, where the stokers stand.

STOKER
Stok"er, n. Etym: [D. See Stoke, v. t.]

1. One who is employed to tend a furnace and supply it with fuel,
especially the furnace of a locomotive or of a marine steam boiler;
also, a machine for feeding fuel to a fire.

2. A fire poker. [R.] C. Richardson (Dict.).

STOKEY
Sto"key, a.

Defn: Close; sultry. [Prov. Eng.]

STOLA
Sto"la, n.; pl. Stolæ. Etym: [L. See Stole a garment.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A long garment, descending to the ankles, worn by Roman women.
The stola was not allowed to be worn by courtesans, or by women who
had been divorced from their husbands. Fairholt.

STOLE
Stole,

Defn: imp. of Steal.

STOLE
Stole, n. Etym: [L. stolo, -onis.] (Bot.)

Defn: A stolon.

STOLE
Stole, n. Etym: [AS. stole, L. stola, Gr. stall. See Stall.]

1. A long, loose garment reaching to the feet. Spenser.
But when mild morn, in saffron stole, First issues from her eastern
goal. T. Warton.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A narrow band of silk or stuff, sometimes enriched with
embroidery and jewels, worn on the left shoulder of deacons, and
across both shoulders of bishops and priests, pendent on each side
nearly to the ground. At Mass, it is worn crossed on the breast by
priests. It is used in various sacred functions. Groom of the stole,
the first lord of the bedchamber in the royal household. [Eng.]
Brande & C.

STOLED
Stoled, a.

Defn: Having or wearing a stole.
After them flew the prophets, brightly stoled In shining lawn. G.
Fletcher.

STOLEN
Stol"en,

Defn: p. p. of Steal.

STOLID
Stol"id, a. Etym: [L. stolidus.]

Defn: Hopelessly insensible or stupid; not easily aroused or excited;
dull; impassive; foolish.

STOLIDITY
Sto*lid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. stoliditas.]

Defn: The state or quality of being stolid; dullness of intellect;
obtuseness; stupidity.
Indocile, intractable fools, whose stolidity can baffle all
arguments, and be proof against demonstration itself. Bentley.

STOLIDNESS
Stol"id*ness, n.

Defn: Same as Stolidity.

STOLON
Sto"lon, n. Etym: [L. stolo, -onis: cf. F. stolon. Cf. Stole a
stolon, 1st Stool.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A trailing branch which is disposed to take root at the end or
at the joints; a stole.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extension of the integument of the body, or of the body
wall, from which buds are developed, giving rise to new zooids, and
thus forming a compound animal in which the zooids usually remain
united by the stolons. Such stolons are often present in Anthozoa,
Hydroidea, Bryozoa, and social ascidians. See Illust. under
Scyphistoma.

STOLONIFEROUS
Stol`o*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Stolon + -ferous: cf. F. stolonifère.]

Defn: Producing stolons; putting forth suckers.

STOMA
Sto"ma, n.; pl. Stomata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the minute apertures between the cells in many serous
membranes.

2. (Bot.)
(a) The minute breathing pores of leaves or other organs opening into
the intercellular spaces, and usually bordered by two contractile
cells.
(b) The line of dehiscence of the sporangium of a fern. It is usually
marked by two transversely elongated cells. See Illust. of
Sporangium.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stigma. See Stigma, n., 6 (a) & (b).

STOMACH
Stom"ach, n. Etym: [OE. stomak, F. estomac, L. stomachus, fr. Gr.
sto`machos stomach, throat, gullet, fr. sto`ma a mouth, any outlet or
entrance.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: An enlargement, or series of enlargements, in the anterior part
of the alimentary canal, in which food is digested; any cavity in
which digestion takes place in an animal; a digestive cavity. See
Digestion, and Gastric juice, under Gastric.

2. The desire for food caused by hunger; appetite; as, a good stomach
for roast beef. Shak.

3. Hence appetite in general; inclination; desire.
He which hath no stomach to this fight, Let him depart. Shak.

4. Violence of temper; anger; sullenness; resentment; willful
obstinacy; stubbornness. [Obs.]
Stern was his look, and full of stomach vain. Spenser.
This sort of crying proceeding from pride, obstinacy, and stomach,
the will, where the fault lies, must be bent. Locke.

5. Pride; haughtiness; arrogance. [Obs.]
He was a man Of an unbounded stomach. Shak.
Stomach pump (Med.), a small pump or syringe with a flexible tube,
for drawing liquids from the stomach, or for injecting them into it.
 -- Stomach tube (Med.), a long flexible tube for introduction into
the stomach.
 -- Stomach worm (Zoöl.), the common roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides)
found in the human intestine, and rarely in the stomach.

STOMACH
Stom"ach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stomached; p. pr. & vb. n. Stomaching.]
Etym: [Cf. L. stomachari, v.t. & i., to be angry or vexed at a
thing.]

1. To resent; to remember with anger; to dislike. Shak.
The lion began to show his teeth, and to stomach the affront.
L'Estrange.
The Parliament sit in that body . . . to be his counselors and
dictators, though he stomach it. Milton.

2. To bear without repugnance; to brook. [Colloq.]

STOMACH
Stom"ach, v. i.

Defn: To be angry. [Obs.] Hooker.

STOMACHAL
Stom"ach*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. stomacal.]

1. Of or pertaining to the stomach; gastric.

2. Helping the stomach; stomachic; cordial.

STOMACHAL
Stom"ach*al, n.

Defn: A stomachic. Dunglison.

STOMACHER
Stom"ach*er, n.

1. One who stomachs.

2. (

Defn: An ornamental covering for the breast, worn originally both by
men and women. Those worn by women were often richly decorated.
A stately lady in a diamond stomacher. Johnson.

STOMACHFUL
Stom"ach*ful, a.

Defn: Willfully obstinate; stubborn; perverse. [Obs.] --
Stom"ach*ful*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Stom"ach*ful*ness, n. [Obs.]

STOMACHIC; STOMACHICAL
Sto*mach"ic, Sto*mach"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. stomachicus, Gr.
stomachique.]

1. Of or pertaining to the stomach; as, stomachic vessels.

2. Strengthening to the stomach; exciting the action of the stomach;
stomachal; cordial.

STOMACHIC
Sto*mach"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine that strengthens the stomach and excites its action.

STOMACHING
Stom"ach*ing, n.

Defn: Resentment. [Obs.]

STOMACHLESS
Stom"ach*less, a.

1. Being without a stomach.

2. Having no appetite. [R.] Bp. Hall.

STOMACHOUS
Stom"ach*ous, a. Etym: [L. stomachosus angry, peexish. See Stomach.]

Defn: Stout; sullen; obstinate. [Obs.]
With stern looks and stomachous disdain. Spenser.

STOMACHY
Stom"ach*y, a.

Defn: Obstinate; sullen; haughty.
A little, bold, solemn, stomachy man, a great professor of piety. R.
L. Stevenson.

STOMAPOD
Sto"ma*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Stomapoda.

STOMAPODA
Sto*map"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Stoma, and -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Crustacea including the squillas. The maxillipeds
are leglike in form, and the large claws are comblike. They have a
large and elongated abdomen, which contains a part of the stomach and
heart; the abdominal appendages are large, and bear the gills. Called
also Gastrula, Stomatopoda, and Squilloidea.

STOMATE
Sto"mate, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A stoma.

STOMATIC
Sto*mat"ic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a stoma; of the nature of a stoma.

STOMATIC
Sto*mat"ic, n. Etym: [Gr. sto`ma, -atos, mouth.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicine for diseases of the mouth. Dunglison.

STOMATIFEROUS
Stom`a*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. sto`ma, -atos mouth + -ferous.]

Defn: Having or producing stomata.

STOMATITIS
Stom`a*ti"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. sto`ma, -atos, mouth + -itis.]
(Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the mouth.

STOMATODA
Stom`a*to"da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Protozoa in which a mouthlike opening exists.

STOMATODAEUM
Stom`a*to*dæ"um, n. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Stomodæum.

STOMATODE
Stom"a*tode, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a mouth; -- applied to certain Protozoa.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Stomatoda.

STOMATOGASTRIC
Stom`a*to*gas"tric, a. Etym: [Gr. gastric.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the mouth and the stomach; as, the
stomatogastric ganglion of certain Mollusca.

STOMATOLOGY
Sto`ma*tol"o*gy, n. [Gr. , , mouth + -logy.] (Med.)

Defn: Scientific study or knowledge of the mouth.

STOMATOPLASTIC
Stom`a*to*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. -plastic.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the operation of forming a mouth where the
aperture has been contracted, or in any way deformed.

STOMATOPLASTY
Stom"a*to*plas`ty, n. [Gr. , , mouth + -plasty.]

Defn: Plastic surgery of the mouth.

STOMATOPOD
Stom"a*to*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Stomatopoda.

STOMATOPODA
Stom`a*top"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Stoma, and -pod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Stomapoda.

STOMATOPODOUS
Stom`a*top"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Stomatopoda.

STOMATOSCOPE
Stom"a*to*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Med.)

Defn: An apparatus for examining the interior of the mouth.

STOMATOUS
Stom"a*tous, a.

Defn: Having a stoma.

STOMODAEUM
Stom`o*dæ"um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A part of the alimentary canal. See under Mesenteron.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The primitive mouth and esophagus of the embryo of annelids and
arthropods.

STOMP
Stomp, v. i. Etym: [See Stamp.]

Defn: To stamp with the foot. [Colloq.] "In gallant procession, the
priests mean to stomp." R. Browning.

STOND
Stond, n. Etym: [For stand.]

1. Stop; halt; hindrance. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. A stand; a post; a station. [Obs.] Spenser.

STOND
Stond, v. i.

Defn: To stand. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STONE
Stone, n. Etym: [OE. ston, stan, AS. stan; akin to OS. & OFries.
sten, D. steen, G. stein, Icel. steinn, Sw. sten, Dan. steen, Goth.
stains, Russ. stiena a wall, Gr. Steen.]

1. Concreted earthy or mineral matter; also, any particular mass of
such matter; as, a house built of stone; the boy threw a stone;
pebbles are rounded stones. "Dumb as a stone." Chaucer.
They had brick for stone, and slime . . . for mortar. Gen. xi. 3.

Note: In popular language, very large masses of stone are called
rocks; small masses are called stones; and the finer kinds, gravel,
or sand, or grains of sand. Stone is much and widely used in the
construction of buildings of all kinds, for walls, fences, piers,
abutments, arches, monuments, sculpture, and the like.

2. A precious stone; a gem. "Many a rich stone." Chaucer.
"Inestimable stones, unvalued jewels." Shak.

3. Something made of stone. Specifically: -
(a) The glass of a mirror; a mirror. [Obs.]
Lend me a looking-glass; If that her breath will mist or stain the
stone, Why, then she lives. Shak.

(b) A monument to the dead; a gravestone. Gray.
Should some relenting eye Glance on the where our cold relics lie.
Pope.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A calculous concretion, especially one in the kidneys or
bladder; the disease arising from a calculus.

5. One of the testes; a testicle. Shak.

6. (Bot.)

Defn: The hard endocarp of drupes; as, the stone of a cherry or
peach. See Illust. of Endocarp.

7. A weight which legally is fourteen pounds, but in practice varies
with the article weighed. [Eng.]

Note: The stone of butchers' meat or fish is reckoned at 8 lbs.; of
cheese, 16 lbs.; of hemp, 32 lbs.; of glass, 5 lbs.

8. Fig.: Symbol of hardness and insensibility; torpidness;
insensibility; as, a heart of stone.
I have not yet forgot myself to stone. Pope.

9. (Print.)

Defn: A stand or table with a smooth, flat top of stone, commonly
marble, on which to arrange the pages of a book, newspaper, etc.,
before printing; -- called also imposing stone.

Note: Stone is used adjectively or in composition with other words to
denote made of stone, containing a stone or stones, employed on
stone, or, more generally, of or pertaining to stone or stones; as,
stone fruit, or stone-fruit; stone-hammer, or stone hammer; stone
falcon, or stone-falcon. Compounded with some adjectives it denotes a
degree of the quality expressed by the adjective equal to that
possessed by a stone; as, stone-dead, stone-blind, stone-cold, stone-
still, etc. Atlantic stone, ivory. [Obs.] "Citron tables, or Atlantic
stone." Milton.
 -- Bowing stone. Same as Cromlech. Encyc. Brit.
 -- Meteoric stones, stones which fall from the atmosphere, as after
the explosion of a meteor.
 -- Philosopher's stone. See under Philosopher.
 -- Rocking stone. See Rocking-stone.
 -- Stone age, a supposed prehistoric age of the world when stone and
bone were habitually used as the materials for weapons and tools; --
called also flint age. The bronze age succeeded to this.
 -- Stone bass (Zoöl.), any one of several species of marine food
fishes of the genus Serranus and allied genera, as Serranus Couchii,
and Polyprion cernium of Europe; -- called also sea perch.
 -- Stone biter (Zoöl.), the wolf fish.
 -- Stone boiling, a method of boiling water or milk by dropping hot
stones into it, -- in use among savages. Tylor.
 -- Stone borer (Zoöl.), any animal that bores stones; especially,
one of certain bivalve mollusks which burrow in limestone. See
Lithodomus, and Saxicava.
 -- Stone bramble (Bot.), a European trailing species of bramble
(Rubus saxatilis).
 -- Stone-break. Etym: [Cf. G. steinbrech.] (Bot.) Any plant of the
genus Saxifraga; saxifrage.
 -- Stone bruise, a sore spot on the bottom of the foot, from a
bruise by a stone.
 -- Stone canal. (Zoöl.) Same as Sand canal, under Sand.
 -- Stone cat (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small fresh-
water North American catfishes of the genus Noturus. They have sharp
pectoral spines with which they inflict painful wounds.
 -- Stone coal, hard coal; mineral coal; anthracite coal.
 -- Stone coral (Zoöl.), any hard calcareous coral.
 -- Stone crab. (Zoöl.) (a) A large crab (Menippe mercenaria) found
on the southern coast of the United States and much used as food. (b)
A European spider crab (Lithodes maia). Stone crawfish (Zoöl.), a
European crawfish (Astacus torrentium), by many writers considered
only a variety of the common species (A. fluviatilis).
 -- Stone curlew. (Zoöl.) (a) A large plover found in Europe
(Edicnemus crepitans). It frequents stony places. Called also thick-
kneed plover or bustard, and thick-knee. (b) The whimbrel. [Prov.
Eng.] (c) The willet. [Local, U.S.] -- Stone crush. Same as Stone
bruise, above.
 -- Stone eater. (Zoöl.) Same as Stone borer, above.
 -- Stone falcon (Zoöl.), the merlin.
 -- Stone fern (Bot.), a European fern (Asplenium Ceterach) which
grows on rocks and walls.
 -- Stone fly (Zoöl.), any one of many species of pseudoneuropterous
insects of the genus Perla and allied genera; a perlid. They are
often used by anglers for bait. The larvæ are aquatic.
 -- Stone fruit (Bot.), any fruit with a stony endocarp; a drupe, as
a peach, plum, or cherry.
 -- Stone grig (Zoöl.), the mud lamprey, or pride.
 -- Stone hammer, a hammer formed with a face at one end, and a
thick, blunt edge, parallel with the handle, at the other, -- used
for breaking stone.
 -- Stone hawk (Zoöl.), the merlin; -- so called from its habit of
sitting on bare stones.
 -- Stone jar, a jar made of stoneware.
 -- Stone lily (Paleon.), a fossil crinoid.
 -- Stone lugger. (Zoöl.) See Stone roller, below.
 -- Stone marten (Zoöl.), a European marten (Mustela foina) allied to
the pine marten, but having a white throat; -- called also beech
marten.
 -- Stone mason, a mason who works or builds in stone.
 -- Stone-mortar (Mil.), a kind of large mortar formerly used in
sieges for throwing a mass of small stones short distances.
 -- Stone oil, rock oil, petroleum.
 -- Stone parsley (Bot.), an umbelliferous plant (Seseli Labanotis).
See under Parsley.
 -- Stone pine. (Bot.) A nut pine. See the Note under Pine, and
Piñon.
 -- Stone pit, a quarry where stones are dug.
 -- Stone pitch, hard, inspissated pitch.
 -- Stone plover. (Zoöl.) (a) The European stone curlew. (b) Any one
of several species of Asiatic plovers of the genus Esacus; as, the
large stone plover (E. recurvirostris). (c) The gray or black-bellied
plover. [Prov. Eng.] (d) The ringed plover. (e) The bar-tailed
godwit. [Prov. Eng.] Also applied to other species of limicoline
birds.
 -- Stone roller. (Zoöl.) (a) An American fresh-water fish
(Catostomus nigricans) of the Sucker family. Its color is yellowish
olive, often with dark blotches. Called also stone lugger, stone
toter, hog sucker, hog mullet. (b) A common American cyprinoid fish
(Campostoma anomalum); -- called also stone lugger.
 -- Stone's cast, or Stone's throw, the distance to which a stone may
be thrown by the hand.
 -- Stone snipe (Zoöl.), the greater yellowlegs, or tattler. [Local,
U.S.] -- Stone toter. (Zoöl.) (a) See Stone roller (a), above. (b) A
cyprinoid fish (Exoglossum maxillingua) found in the rivers from
Virginia to New York. It has a three-lobed lower lip; -- called also
cutlips.
 -- To leave no stone unturned, to do everything that can be done; to
use all practicable means to effect an object.

STONE
Stone, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Stoning.] Etym:
[From Stone, n.: cf. AS. st, Goth. stainjan.]

1. To pelt, beat, or kill with stones.
And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God, and saying, Lord Jesus,
receive my spirit. Acts vii. 59.

2. To make like stone; to harden.
O perjured woman! thou dost stone my heart. Shak.

3. To free from stones; also, to remove the seeds of; as, to stone a
field; to stone cherries; to stone raisins.

4. To wall or face with stones; to line or fortify with stones; as,
to stone a well; to stone a cellar.

5. To rub, scour, or sharpen with a stone.

STONEBIRD
Stone"bird`, n.

Defn: The yellowlegs; -- called also stone snipe. See Tattler, 2.
[Local, U.S.]

STONE-BLIND
Stone"-blind`, a.

Defn: As blind as a stone; completely blind.

STONEBOW
Stone"bow`, n.

Defn: A kind of crossbow formerly used for shooting stones. Shak.

STONEBRASH
Stone"brash`, n.

Defn: A subsoil made up of small stones or finely-broken rock; brash.

STONEBREARER
Stone"brear`er, n.

Defn: A machine for crushing or hammering stone. Knight.

STONEBUCK
Stone"buck`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Steinbock.

STONECHAT
Stone"chat`, n. Etym: [Stone + chat.] Etym: [So called from the
similarity of its alarm note to the clicking together of two
pebbles.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A small, active, and very common European singing bird
(Pratincola rubicola); -- called also chickstone, stonechacker,
stonechatter, stoneclink, stonesmith.
(b) The wheatear.
(c) The blue titmouse.

Note: The name is sometimes applied to various species of Saxicola,
Pratincola, and allied genera; as, the pied stonechat of India
(Saxicola picata).

STONE-COLD
Stone"-cold`, a.

Defn: Cold as a stone.
Stone-cold without, within burnt with love's flame. Fairfax.

STONECRAY
Stone"cray`, n. Etym: [Stone + F. craie chalk, L. creta.]

Defn: A distemper in hawks.

STONECROP
Stone"crop`, n. Etym: [AS. stancropp.]

1. A sort of tree. [Obs.] Mortimer.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Any low succulent plant of the genus Sedum, esp. Sedum acre,
which is common on bare rocks in Europe, and is spreading in parts of
America. See Orpine. Virginian, or Ditch, stonecrop, an American
plant (Penthorum sedoides).

STONECUTTER
Stone"cut`ter, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to cut stone; also, a machine for
dressing stone.

STONECUTTING
Stone"cut`ting, n.

Defn: Hewing or dressing stone.

STONE-DEAD
Stone"-dead`, a.

Defn: As dead as a stone.

STONE-DEAF
Stone"-deaf`, a.

Defn: As deaf as a stone; completely deaf.

STONEGALL
Stone"gall`, n. Etym: [Cf. D. steengal, G. steingall. See Stannel.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: See Stannel. [Prov. Eng.]

STONEHATCH
Stone"hatch`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ring plover, or dotterel. [Prov. Eng.]

STONE-HEARTED
Stone"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Hard-hearted; cruel; pitiless; unfeeling.

STONEHENGE
Stone"henge, n.

Defn: An assemblage of upright stones with others placed horizontally
on their tops, on Salisbury Plain, England, -- generally supposed to
be the remains of an ancient Druidical temple.

STONE-HORSE
Stone"-horse`, n.

Defn: Stallion. [Obs.] Mortimer.

STONER
Ston"er, n.

1. One who stones; one who makes an assault with stones.

2. One who walls with stones.

STONEROOT
Stone"root`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A North American plant (Collinsonia Canadensis) having a very
hard root; horse balm. See Horse balm, under Horse.

STONERUNNER
Stone"run`ner, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The ring plover, or the ringed dotterel. [Prov. Eng.]
(b) The dotterel. [Prov. Eng.]

STONESMICKLE
Stone"smic`kle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The stonechat; -- called also stonesmitch. [Prov. Eng.]

STONE-STILL
Stone"-still`, a.

Defn: As still as a stone. Shak.

STONEWARE
Stone"ware`, n.

Defn: A species of coarse potter's ware, glazed and baked.

STONEWEED
Stone"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Lithospermum, herbs having a fruit
composed of four stony nutlets.

STONEWORK
Stone"work`, n.

Defn: Work or wall consisting of stone; mason's work of stone.
Mortimer.

STONEWORT
Stone"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Chara; -- so called because they are
often incrusted with carbonate of lime. See Chara.

STONILY
Ston"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a stony manner.

STONINESS
Ston"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being stony.

STONISH
Ston"ish, a.

Defn: Stony. [R.] "Possessed with stonish insensibility." Robynson
(More's Utopia).

STONT
Stont, obs.

Defn: 3d pers. sing. present of Stand.

STONY
Ston"y, a. [Compar. Stonier; superl. Stoniest.] Etym: [AS. stanig.
See Stone.]

1. Of or pertaining to stone, consisting of, or abounding in, stone
or stones; resembling stone; hard; as, a stony tower; a stony cave;
stony ground; a stony crust.

2. Converting into stone; petrifying; petrific.
The stony dart of senseless cold. Spenser.

3. Inflexible; cruel; unrelenting; pitiless; obdurate; perverse;
cold; morally hard; appearing as if petrified; as, a stony heart; a
stony gaze. Stony coral. (Zoöl.) Same as Stone coral, under Stone.

STOOD
Stood,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Stand.

STOOK
Stook, n. Etym: [Scot. stook, stouk; cf. LG. stuke a heap, bundle, G.
stauche a truss, bundle of flax.] (Agric.)

Defn: A small collection of sheaves set up in the field; a shock; in
England, twelve sheaves.

STOOK
Stook, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stooked; p. pr. & vb. n. Stooking.]
(Agric.)

Defn: To set up, as sheaves of grain, in stooks.

STOOL
Stool, n. Etym: [L. stolo. See Stolon.] (Hort.)

Defn: A plant from which layers are propagated by bending its
branches into the soil. P. Henderson.

STOOL
Stool, v. i. (Agric.)

Defn: To ramfy; to tiller, as grain; to shoot out suckers. R. D.
Blackmore.

STOOL
Stool, n. Etym: [AS. stol a seat; akin to OFries. & OS. stol, D.
stoel, G. stuhl, OHG. stuol, Icel. stoll, Sw. & Dan. stol, Goth.
stols, Lith. stalas a table, Russ. stol'; from the root of E. stand.
*163. See Stand, and cf. Fauteuil.]

1. A single seat with three or four legs and without a back, made in
various forms for various uses.

2. A seat used in evacuating the bowels; hence, an evacuation; a
discharge from the bowels.

3. A stool pigeon, or decoy bird. [U. S.]

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A small channel on the side of a vessel, for the dead-eyes of
the backstays. Totten.

5. A bishop's seat or see; a bishop-stool. J. P. Peters.

6. A bench or form for resting the feet or the knees; a footstool;
as, a kneeling stool.

7. Material, such as oyster shells, spread on the sea bottom for
oyster spat to adhere to. [Local, U.S.] Stool of a window, or Window
stool (Arch.), the flat piece upon which the window shuts down, and
which corresponds to the sill of a door; in the United States, the
narrow shelf fitted on the inside against the actual sill upon which
the sash descends. This is called a window seat when broad and low
enough to be used as a seat. Stool of repentance, the cuttystool.
[Scot.] -- Stool pigeon, a pigeon used as a decoy to draw others
within a net; hence, a person used as a decoy for others.

STOOLBALL
Stool"ball`, n.

Defn: A kind of game with balls, formerly common in England, esp.
with young women.
Nausicaa With other virgins did at stoolball play. Chapman.

STOOM
Stoom, v. t. Etym: [D. stommen to adulterate, to drug (wine). *163.
Cf. Stum.]

Defn: To stum. [R.]

STOOP
Stoop, n. Etym: [D. stoep.] (Arch.)

Defn: Originally, a covered porch with seats, at a house door; the
Dutch stoep as introduced by the Dutch into New York. Afterward, an
out-of-door flight of stairs of from seven to fourteen steps, with
platform and parapets, leading to an entrance door some distance
above the street; the French perron. Hence, any porch, platform,
entrance stairway, or small veranda, at a house door. [U. S.]

STOOP
Stoop, n. Etym: [OE. stope, Icel. staup; akin to AS. steáp, D. stoop,
G. stauf, OHG. stouph.]

Defn: A vessel of liquor; a flagon. [Written also stoup.]
Fetch me a stoop of liquor. Shak.

STOOP
Stoop, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. staup a knobby lump.]

Defn: A post fixed in the earth. [Prov. Eng.]

STOOP
Stoop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stooped; p. pr. & vb. n. Stooping.] Etym:
[OE. stoupen; akin to AS. st, OD. stuypen, Icel. stupa, Sw. stupa to
fall, to tilt. Cf 5th Steep.]

1. To bend the upper part of the body downward and forward; to bend
or lean forward; to incline forward in standing or walking; to assume
habitually a bent position.

2. To yield; to submit; to bend, as by compulsion; to assume a
position of humility or subjection.
Mighty in her ships stood Carthage long, . . . Yet stooped to Rome,
less wealthy, but more strong. Dryden.
These are arts, my prince, In which your Zama does not stoop to Rome.
Addison.

3. To descend from rank or dignity; to condescend. "She stoops to
conquer." Goldsmith.
Where men of great wealth stoop to husbandry, it multiplieth riches
exceedingly. Bacon.

4. To come down as a hawk does on its prey; to pounce; to souse; to
swoop.
The bird of Jove, stooped from his aëry tour, Two birds of gayest
plume before him drove. Milton.

5. To sink when on the wing; to alight.
And stoop with closing pinions from above. Dryden.
Cowering low With blandishment, each bird stooped on his wing.
Milton.

Syn.
 -- To lean; yield; submit; condescend; descend; cower; shrink.

STOOP
Stoop, v. t.

1. To bend forward and downward; to bow down; as, to stoop the body.
"Have stooped my neck." Shak.

2. To cause to incline downward; to slant; as, to stoop a cask of
liquor.

3. To cause to submit; to prostrate. [Obs.]
Many of those whose states so tempt thine ears Are stooped by death;
and many left alive. Chapman.

4. To degrade. [Obs.] Shak.

STOOP
Stoop, n.

1. The act of stooping, or bending the body forward; inclination
forward; also, an habitual bend of the back and shoulders.

2. Descent, as from dignity or superiority; condescension; an act or
position of humiliation.
Can any loyal subject see With patience such a stoop from sovereignty
Dryden.

3. The fall of a bird on its prey; a swoop. L'Estrange.

STOOPER
Stoop"er, n.

Defn: One who stoops.

STOOPING
Stoop"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Stoop.
 -- Stoop"ing*ly, adv.

STOOR
Stoor, v. i. Etym: [Cf. D. storen to disturb. Cf. Stir.]

Defn: To rise in clouds, as dust. [Prov. Eng.]

STOOR; STOR
Stoor, Stor, a. Etym: [AS. stor; akin to LG. stur, Icel. storr.]

Defn: Strong; powerful; hardy; bold; audacious. [Obs. or Scot.]
O stronge lady stoor, what doest thou Chaucer.

STOP
Stop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stopped; p. pr. & vb. n. Stopping.] Etym:
[OE. stoppen, AS. stoppian (in comp.); akin to LG. & D. stoppen, G.
stopfen, Icel. stoppa, Sw. stoppa, Dan. stoppe; all probably fr. LL.
stopare, stupare, fr. L. stuppa the coarse part of flax, tow, oakum.
Cf. Estop, Stuff, Stupe a fomentation.]

1. To close, as an aperture, by filling or by obstructing; as, to
stop the ears; hence, to stanch, as a wound. Shak.

2. To obstruct; to render impassable; as, to stop a way, road, or
passage.

3. To arrest the progress of; to hinder; to impede; to shut in; as,
to stop a traveler; to stop the course of a stream, or a flow of
blood.

4. To hinder from acting or moving; to prevent the effect or
efficiency of; to cause to cease; to repress; to restrain; to
suppress; to interrupt; to suspend; as, to stop the execution of a
decree, the progress of vice, the approaches of old age or infirmity.
Whose disposition all the world well knows Will not be rubbed nor
stopped. Shak.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: To regulate the sounds of, as musical strings, by pressing them
against the finger board with the finger, or by shortening in any way
the vibrating part.

6. To point, as a composition; to punctuate. [R.]
If his sentences were properly stopped. Landor.

7. (Naut.)

Defn: To make fast; to stopper.

Syn.
 -- To obstruct; hinder; impede; repress; suppress; restrain;
discontinue; delay; interrupt. To stop off (Founding), to fill (a
part of a mold) with sand, where a part of the cavity left by the
pattern is not wanted for the casting.
 -- To stop the mouth. See under Mouth.

STOP
Stop, v. i.

1. To cease to go on; to halt, or stand still; to come to a stop.
He bites his lip, and starts; Stops on a sudden, looks upon the
ground; Then lays his finger on his temple: strait Springs out into
fast gait; then stops again. Shak.

2. To cease from any motion, or course of action.
Stop, while ye may, suspend your mad career! Cowper.

3. To spend a short time; to reside temporarily; to stay; to tarry;
as, to stop with a friend. [Colloq.]
By stopping at home till the money was gone. R. D. Blackmore.
To stop over, to stop at a station beyond the time of the departure
of the train on which one came, with the purpose of continuing one's
journey on a subsequent train; to break one's journey. [Railroad
Cant, U.S.] stopover

STOP
Stop, n.

1. The act of stopping, or the state of being stopped; hindrance of
progress or of action; cessation; repression; interruption; check;
obstruction.
It is doubtful . . . whether it contributed anything to the stop of
the infection. De Foe.
Occult qualities put a stop to the improvement of natural philosophy.
Sir I. Newton.
It is a great step toward the mastery of our desires to give this
stop to them. Locke.

2. That which stops, impedes, or obstructs; as obstacle; an
impediment; an obstruction.
A fatal stop traversed their headlong course. Daniel.
So melancholy a prospect should inspire us with zeal to oppose some
stop to the rising torrent. Rogers.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: A device, or piece, as a pin, block, pawl, etc., for arresting
or limiting motion, or for determining the position to which another
part shall be brought.

4. (Mus.)
(a) The closing of an aperture in the air passage, or pressure of the
finger upon the string, of an instrument of music, so as to modify
the tone; hence, any contrivance by which the sounds of a musical
instrument are regulated.
The organ sound a time survives the stop. Daniel.

(b) In the organ, one of the knobs or handles at each side of the
organist, by which he can draw on or shut off any register or row of
pipes; the register itself; as, the vox humana stop.

5. (Arch.)

Defn: A member, plain or molded, formed of a separate piece and fixed
to a jamb, against which a door or window shuts. This takes the
place, or answers the purpose, of a rebate. Also, a pin or block to
prevent a drawer from sliding too far.

6. A point or mark in writing or printing intended to distinguish the
sentences, parts of a sentence, or clauses; a mark of punctuation.
See Punctuation.

7. (Opt.)

Defn: The diaphragm used in optical instruments to cut off the
marginal portions of a beam of light passing through lenses.

8. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The depression in the face of a dog between the skull and the
nasal bones. It is conspicuous in the bulldog, pug, and some other
breeds.

9. (Phonetics)

Defn: Some part of the articulating organs, as the lips, or the
tongue and palate, closed (a) so as to cut off the passage of breath
or voice through the mouth and the nose (distinguished as a lip-stop,
or a front-stop, etc., as in p, t, d, etc.), or (b) so as to
obstruct, but not entirely cut off, the passage, as in l, n, etc.;
also, any of the consonants so formed. H. Sweet. Stop bead (Arch.),
the molding screwed to the inner side of a window frame, on the face
of the pulley stile, completing the groove in which the inner sash is
to slide.
 -- Stop motion (Mach.), an automatic device for arresting the motion
of a machine, as when a certain operation is completed, or when an
imperfection occurs in its performance or product, or in the material
which is supplied to it, etc.
 -- Stop plank, one of a set of planks employed to form a sort of dam
in some hydraulic works.
 -- Stop valve, a valve that can be closed or opened at will, as by
hand, for preventing or regulating flow, as of a liquid in a pipe; --
in distinction from a valve which is operated by the action of the
fluid it restrains.
 -- Stop watch, a watch the hands of which can be stopped in order to
tell exactly the time that has passed, as in timing a race. See
Independent seconds watch, under Independent, a.

Syn.
 -- Cessation; check; obstruction; obstacle; hindrance; impediment;
interruption.

STOPCOCK
Stop"cock`, n.

1. A bib, faucet, or short pipe, fitted with a turning stopper or
plug for permitting or restraining the flow of a liquid or gas; a
cock or valve for checking or regulating the flow of water, gas,
etc., through or from a pipe, etc.

2. The turning plug, stopper, or spigot of a faucet. [R.]

STOPE
Stope, n. Etym: [Cf. Step, n. & v. i.] (Mining)

Defn: A horizontal working forming one of a series, the working faces
of which present the appearance of a flight of steps.

STOPE
Stope, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stoped; p. pr. & vb. n. Stoping.] (Mining)
(a) To excavate in the form of stopes.
(b) To fill in with rubbish, as a space from which the ore has been
worked out.

STOPE; STOPEN
Stope, Sto"pen, p. p. of Step.

Defn: Stepped; gone; advanced. [Obs.]
A poor widow, somedeal stope in age. Chaucer.

STOP-GAP
Stop"-gap`, n.

Defn: That which closes or fills up an opening or gap; hence, a
temporary expedient.
Moral prejudices are the stop-gaps of virtue. Hare.

STOPING
Stop"ing, n. (Mining)

Defn: The act of excavating in the form of stopes.

STOPLESS
Stop"less, a.

Defn: Not to be stopped. Davenant.

STOP ORDER
Stop order. (Finance)

Defn: An order that aims to limit losses by fixing a figure at which
purchases shall be sold or sales bought in, as where stock is bought
at 100 and the broker is directed to sell if the market price drops
to 98.

STOP-OVER
Stop"-o`ver, a.

Defn: Permitting one to stop over; as, a stop-over check or ticket.
See To stop over, under Stop, v. i. [Railroad Cant, U.S.]

STOPPAGE
Stop"page, n.

Defn: The act of stopping, or arresting progress, motion, or action;
also, the state of being stopped; as, the stoppage of the circulation
of the blood; the stoppage of commerce.

STOPPED
Stopped, a. (Phonetics)

Defn: Made by complete closure of the mouth organs; shut; -- said of
certain consonants (p, b, t, d, etc.). H. Sweet.

STOPPER
Stop"per, n.

1. One who stops, closes, shuts, or hinders; that which stops or
obstructs; that which closes or fills a vent or hole in a vessel.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A short piece of rope having a knot at one or both ends, with a
lanyard under the knot, -- used to secure something. Totten.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A name to several trees of the genus Eugenia, found in Florida
and the West Indies; as, the red stopper. See Eugenia. C. S. Sargent.
Ring stopper (Naut.), a short rope or chain passing through the
anchor ring, to secure the anchor to the cathead.
 -- Stopper bolt (Naut.), a large ringbolt in a ship's deck, to which
the deck stoppers are hooked.

STOPPER
Stop"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stoppered; p. pr. & vb. n. Stoppering.]

Defn: To close or secure with a stopper.

STOPPING
Stop"ping, n.

1. Material for filling a cavity.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A partition or door to direct or prevent a current of air.

3. (Far.)

Defn: A pad or poultice of dung or other material applied to a
horse's hoof to keep it moist. Youatt.

STOPPING-OUT
Stop"ping-out`, n.

Defn: A method adopted in etching, to keep the acid from those parts
which are already sufficiently corroded, by applying varnish or other
covering matter with a brush, but allowing the acid to act on the
other parts.

STOPPLE
Stop"ple, n. Etym: [Cf. G. stöpfel, stöpsel. See Stop, n. & v. t.]

Defn: That which stops or closes the mouth of a vessel; a stopper;
as, a glass stopple; a cork stopple.

STOPPLE
Stop"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stoppled; p. pr. & vb. n. Stoppling.]

Defn: To close the mouth of anything with a stopple, or as with a
stopple. Cowper.

STOPSHIP
Stop"ship`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A remora. It was fabled to stop ships by attaching itself to
them. Sylvester.

STOR
Stor, a.

Defn: See Stoor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STORAGE
Stor"age, n.

1. The act of depositing in a store or warehouse for safe keeping;
also, the safe keeping of goods in a warehouse.

2. Space for the safe keeping of goods.

3. The price changed for keeping goods in a store. Storage battery.
(Physics) See the Note under Battery.

STORAX
Sto"rax, n. Etym: [L. storax, styrax, Gr. Styrax.]

Defn: Any one of a number of similar complex resins obtained from the
bark of several trees and shrubs of the Styrax family. The most
common of these is liquid storax, a brown or gray semifluid substance
of an agreeable aromatic odor and balsamic taste, sometimes used in
perfumery, and in medicine as an expectorant.

Note: A yellow aromatic honeylike substance, resembling, and often
confounded with, storax, is obtained from the American sweet gum tree
(Liquidambar styraciflua), and is much used as a chewing gum, called
sweet gum, and liquid storax. Cf. Liquidambar.

STORE
Store, n. Etym: [OE. stor, stoor, OF. estor, provisions, supplies,
fr. estorer to store. See Store, v. t.]

1. That which is accumulated, or massed together; a source from which
supplies may be drawn; hence, an abundance; a great quantity, or a
great number.
The ships are fraught with store of victuals. Bacon.
With store of ladies, whose bright eyes Rain influence, and give the
prize. Milton.

2. A place of deposit for goods, esp. for large quantities; a
storehouse; a warehouse; a magazine.

3. Any place where goods are sold, whether by wholesale or retail; a
shop. [U.S. & British Colonies]

4. pl.

Defn: Articles, especially of food, accumulated for some specific
object; supplies, as of provisions, arms, ammunition, and the like;
as, the stores of an army, of a ship, of a family.
His swine, his horse, his stoor, and his poultry. Chaucer.
In store, in a state of accumulation; in keeping; hence, in a state
of readiness. "I have better news in store for thee." Shak.
 -- Store clothes, clothing purchased at a shop or store; -- in
distinction from that which is home-made. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Store
pay, payment for goods or work in articles from a shop or store,
instead of money. [U.S.] -- To set store by, to value greatly; to
have a high appreciation of.
 -- To tell no store of, to make no account of; to consider of no
importance.

Syn.
 -- Fund; supply; abundance; plenty; accumulation; provision.
 -- Store, Shop. The English call the place where goods are sold
(however large or splendid it may be) a shop, and confine the word
store to its original meaning; viz., a warehouse, or place where
goods are stored. In America the word store is applied to all places,
except the smallest, where goods are sold. In some British colonies
the word store is used as in the United States.
In his needy shop a tortoise hung, An alligator stuffed, and other
skins Of ill-shaped fishes; and about his shelves A beggarly account
of empty boxes. Shak.
Sulphurous and nitrous foam, . . . Concocted and adjusted, they
reduced To blackest grain, and into store conveyed. Milton.

STORE
Store, a.

Defn: Accumulated; hoarded. Bacon.

STORE
Store, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stored; p. pr. & vb. n. Storing.] Etym:
[OE. storen, OF. estorer to construct, restore, store, LL. staurare,
for L. instaurare to renew, restore; in + staurare (in comp.) Cf.
Instore, Instaurate, Restore, Story a floor.]

1. To collect as a reserved supply; to accumulate; to lay away.
Dora stored what little she could save. Tennyson.

2. To furnish; to supply; to replenish; esp., to stock or furnish
against a future time.
Her mind with thousand virtues stored. Prior.
Wise Plato said the world with men was stored. Denham.
Having stored a pond of four acres with carps, tench, and other fish.
Sir M. Hale.

3. To deposit in a store, warehouse, or other building, for
preservation; to warehouse; as, to store goods.

STORED
Stored, a.

Defn: Collected or accumulated as a reserve supply; as, stored
electricity.
It is charged with stored virtue. Bagehot.

STOREHOUSE
Store"house`, n.

1. A building for keeping goods of any kind, especially provisions; a
magazine; a repository; a warehouse.
Joseph opened all the storehouses, and sold unto Egyptians. Gen. xli.
56.
The Scripture of God is a storehouse abounding with estimable
treasures of wisdom and knowledge. Hooker.

2. A mass or quality laid up. [Obs.] Spenser.

STOREKEEPER
Store"keep`er, n.

1. A man in charge of stores or goods of any kind; as, a naval
storekeeper.

2. One who keeps a "store;" a shopkeeper. See 1st Store, 3. [U. S.]

STORER
Stor"er, n.

Defn: One who lays up or forms a store.

STOREROOM
Store"room`, n.

Defn: Room in a storehouse or repository; a room in which articles
are stored.

STORESHIP
Store"ship`, n.

Defn: A vessel used to carry naval stores for a fleet, garrison, or
the like.

STOREY
Sto"rey, n.

Defn: See Story.

STORGE
Stor"ge, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

Defn: Parental affection; the instinctive affection which animals
have for their young.

STORIAL
Sto"ri*al, a.

Defn: Historical. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STORIED
Sto"ried, a. Etym: [From Story.]

1. Told in a story.

2. Having a history; interesting from the stories which pertain to
it; venerable from the associations of the past.
Some greedy minion, or imperious wife, The trophied arches, storied
halls, invade. Pope.
Can storied urn, or animated bust, Back to its mansion call the
fleeting breath Gray.

3. Having (such or so many) stories; -- chiefly in composition; as, a
two-storied house.

STORIER
Sto"ri*er, n.

Defn: A relater of stories; an historian. [Obs.] Bp. Peacock.

STORIFY
Sto"ri*fy, v. t. Etym: [Story + -fy.]

Defn: To form or tell stories of; to narrate or describe in a story.
[Obs.]

STORK
Stork, n. Etym: [AS. storc; akin to G. storch, OHG. storah, Icel.
storkr, Dan. & Sw. stork, and perhaps to Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large wading birds of the family
Ciconidæ, having long legs and a long, pointed bill. They are found
both in the Old World and in America, and belong to Ciconia and
several allied genera. The European white stork (Ciconia alba) is the
best known. It commonly makes its nests on the top of a building, a
chimney, a church spire, or a pillar. The black stork (C. nigra) is
native of Asia, Africa, and Europe. Black-necked stork, the East
Indian jabiru.
 -- Hair-crested stork, the smaller adjutant of India (Leptoptilos
Javanica).
 -- Giant stork, the adjutant.
 -- Marabou stork. See Marabou.
 -- Saddle-billed stork, the African jabiru. See Jabiru.
 -- Stork's bill (Bot.), any plant of the genus Pelargonium; -- so
called in allusion to the beaklike prolongation of the axis of the
receptacle of its flower. See Pelargonium.

STORK-BILLED
Stork"-billed`, a.

Defn: Having a bill like that of the stork.

STORM
Storm, n. Etym: [AS. storm; akin to D. storm, G. sturm, Icel. stormr;
and perhaps to Gr. s to flow, to hasten, or perhaps to L. sternere to
strew, prostrate (cf. Stratum). *166.]

1. A violent disturbance of the atmosphere, attended by wind, rain,
snow, hail, or thunder and lightning; hence, often, a heavy fall of
rain, snow, or hail, whether accompanied with wind or not.
We hear this fearful tempest sing, Yet seek no shelter to avoid the
storm. Shak.

2. A violent agitation of human society; a civil, political, or
domestic commotion; sedition, insurrection, or war; violent outbreak;
clamor; tumult.
I will stir up in England some black storm. Shak.
Her sister Began to scold and raise up such a storm. Shak.

3. A heavy shower or fall, any adverse outburst of tumultuous force;
violence.
A brave man struggling in the storms of fate. Pope.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A violent assault on a fortified place; a furious attempt of
troops to enter and take a fortified place by scaling the walls,
forcing the gates, or the like.

Note: Storm is often used in the formation of self-explained
compounds; as, storm-presaging, stormproof, storm-tossed, and the
like. Magnetic storm. See under Magnetic.
 -- Storm-and-stress period Etym: [a translation of G. sturm und
drang periode], a designation given to the literary agitation and
revolutionary development in Germany under the lead of Goethe and
Schiller in the latter part of the 18th century.
 -- Storm center (Meteorol.), the center of the area covered by a
storm, especially by a storm of large extent.
 -- Storm door (Arch.), an extra outside door to prevent the entrance
of wind, cold, rain, etc.; -- usually removed in summer.
 -- Storm path (Meteorol.), the course over which a storm, or storm
center, travels.
 -- Storm petrel. (Zoöl.) See Stormy petrel, under Petrel.
 -- Storm sail (Naut.), any one of a number of strong, heavy sails
that are bent and set in stormy weather.
 -- Storm scud. See the Note under Cloud.

Syn.
 -- Tempest; violence; agitation; calamity.
 -- Storm, Tempest. Storm is violent agitation, a commotion of the
elements by wind, etc., but not necessarily implying the fall of
anything from the clouds. Hence, to call a mere fall or rain without
wind a storm is a departure from the true sense of the word. A
tempest is a sudden and violent storm, such as those common on the
coast of Italy, where the term originated, and is usually attended by
a heavy rain, with lightning and thunder.
Storms beat, and rolls the main; O! beat those storms, and roll the
seas, in vain. Pope.
What at first was called a gust, the same Hath now a storm's, anon a
tempest's name. Donne.

STORM
Storm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stormed; p. pr. & vb. n. Storming.] (Mil.)

Defn: To assault; to attack, and attempt to take, by scaling walls,
forcing gates, breaches, or the like; as, to storm a fortified town.

STORM
Storm, v. i. Etym: [Cf. AS. styrman.]

1. To raise a tempest. Spenser.

2. To blow with violence; also, to rain, hail, snow, or the like,
usually in a violent manner, or with high wind; -- used impersonally;
as, it storms.

3. To rage; to be in a violent passion; to fume.
The master storms, the lady scolds. Swift.

STORM-BEAT
Storm"-beat`, a.

Defn: Beaten, injured, or impaired by storms. Spenser.

STORMCOCK
Storm"cock`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The missel thrush.
(b) The fieldfare.
(c) The green woodpecker.

STORMFINCH
Storm"finch`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The storm petrel.

STORMFUL
Storm"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding with storms. "The stormful east." Carlyle.
 -- Storm"ful*ness, n.

STORMGLASS
Storm"glass`, n.

Defn: A glass vessel, usually cylindrical, filled with a solution
which is sensitive to atmospheric changes, indicating by a clouded
appearance, rain, snow, etc., and by clearness, fair weather.

STORMILY
Storm"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a stormy manner.

STORMINESS
Storm"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being stormy; tempestuousness; biosteruousness;
impetuousness.

STORMING
Storm"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Storm, v. Storming party (Mil.), a party assigned to the
duty of making the first assault in storming a fortress.

STORMLESS
Storm"less, a.

Defn: Without storms. Tennyson.

STORMWIND
Storm"wind`, n.

Defn: A heavy wind; a wind that brings a storm; the blast of a storm.
Longfellow.

STORMY
Storm"y, a. [Compar. Stormier; superl. Stormiest.]

1. Characterized by, or proceeding from, a storm; subject to storms;
agitated with furious winds; biosterous; tempestous; as, a stormy
season; a stormy day or week. "Beyond the stormy Hebrides." Milton.

2. Proceeding from violent agitation or fury; as, a stormy sound;
stormy shocks.

3. Violent; passionate; rough; as, stormy passions.
Stormy chiefs of a desert but extensive domain. Sir W. Scott.

STORTHING
Stor"thing, n. Etym: [Norw. storting; stor great + ting court, court
of justice; cf. Dan. ting, thing.]

Defn: The Parliament of Norway, chosen by indirect election once in
three years, but holding annual sessions.

STORVEN
Stor"ven, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Starve. Chaucer.

STORY
Sto"ry, n.; pl. Stories. Etym: [OF. estoré, estorée, built, erected,
p.p. of estorer to build, restore, to store. See Store, v. t.]

Defn: A set of rooms on the same floor or level; a floor, or the
space between two floors. Also, a horizontal division of a building's
exterior considered architecturally, which need not correspond
exactly with the stories within. [Written also storey.]

Note: A story comprehends the distance from one floor to another; as,
a story of nine or ten feet elevation. The spaces between floors are
numbered in order, from below upward; as, the lower, second, or third
story; a house of one story, of two stories, of five stories. Story
post (Arch.), a vertical post used to support a floor or
superincumbent wall.

STORY
Sto"ry, n. Etym: [OE. storie, OF. estoire, F. histoire, fr. L.
historia. See History.]

1. A narration or recital of that which has occurred; a description
of past events; a history; a statement; a record.
One malcontent who did indeed get a name in story. Barrow.
Venice, with its unique city and its Impressive story. Ed. Rev.
The four great monarchies make the subject of ancient story. Sir W.
Temple.

2. The relation of an incident or minor event; a short narrative; a
tale; especially, a fictitious narrative less elaborate than a novel;
a short romance. Addison.

3. A euphemism or child's word for "a lie;" a fib; as, to tell a
story. [Colloq.]

STORY
Sto"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Storied; p. pr. & vb. n. Storying.]

Defn: To tell in historical relation; to make the subject of a story;
to narrate or describe in story.
How worthy he is I will leave to appear hereafter, rather than story
him in his own hearing. Shak.
It is storied of the brazen colossus in Rhodes, that it was seventy
cubits high. Bp. Wilkins.

STORYBOOK
Sto"ry*book`, n.

Defn: A book containing stories, or short narratives, either true or
false.

STORY-TELLER
Sto"ry-tell`er, n.

1. One who tells stories; a narrator of anecdotes,incidents, or
fictitious tales; as, an amusing story-teller.

2. An historian; -- in contempt. Swift.

3. A euphemism or child's word for "a liar."

STORY-TELLING
Sto"ry-tell`ing, a.

Defn: Being accustomed to tell stories.
 -- n.

Defn: The act or practice of telling stories.

STORY-WRITER
Sto"ry-writ`er, n.

1. One who writes short stories, as for magazines.

2. An historian; a chronicler. [Obs.] "Rathums, the story-writer." 1
Esdr. ii. 17.

STOT
Stot, n. Etym: [AS. stotte a hack, jade, or worthless horse; cf. Sw.
stut a bull, Dan. stud an ox. Cf. Stoat.]

1. A horse. [Obs.] Chaucer. Thorold Rogers.

2. A young bull or ox, especially one three years old. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]

STOTE
Stote, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Stoat.

STOUND
Stound, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Astound, Stun.]

Defn: To be in pain or sorrow. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

STOUND
Stound, a. Etym: [See Stound, v. i.]

Defn: Stunned. [Obs.]

STOUND
Stound, n.

1. A sudden, severe pain or grief; peril; alarm. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Astonishment; amazement. [Obs.] Spenser. Gay.

STOUND
Stound, n. Etym: [AS. stund; akin to D. stond, G. stunde, Icel.
stund.]

1. Hour; time; season. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A brief space of time; a moment. [Obs.] Chaucer. In a stound,
suddenly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STOUND
Stound, n. Etym: [Cf. Stand.]

Defn: A vessel for holding small beer. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

STOUP
Stoup, n. Etym: [See Stoop a vessel.]

1. A flagon; a vessel or measure for liquids. [Scot.]

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A basin at the entrance of Roman Catholic churches for
containing the holy water with which those who enter, dipping their
fingers in it, cross themselves; -- called also holy-water stoup.

STOUR
Stour, n. Etym: [OF. estour, estor, tumult, combat, of Teutonic
origin. See Storm.]

Defn: A battle or tumult; encounter; combat; disturbance; passion.
[Obs.] Fairfax. "That woeful stowre." Spenser.
She that helmed was in starke stours [fierce conflicts]. Chaucer.

STOUR
Stour, a. Etym: [See Stoor, a.]

Defn: Tall; strong; stern. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

STOUT
Stout, a. [Compar. Stouter; superl. Stoutest.] Etym: [D. stout bold
(or OF. estout bold, proud, of Teutonic origin); akin to AS. stolt,
G. stolz, and perh. to E. stilt.]

1. Strong; lusty; vigorous; robust; sinewy; muscular; hence, firm;
resolute; dauntless.
With hearts stern and stout. Chaucer.
A stouter champion never handled sword. Shak.
He lost the character of a bold, stout, magnanimous man. Clarendon.
The lords all stand To clear their cause, most resolutely stout.
Daniel.

2. Proud; haughty; arrogant; hard. [Archaic]
Your words have been stout against me. Mal. iii. 13.
Commonly . . . they that be rich are lofty and stout. Latimer.

3. Firm; tough; materially strong; enduring; as, a stout vessel,
stick, string, or cloth.

4. Large; bulky; corpulent.

Syn.
 -- Stout, Corpulent, Portly. Corpulent has reference simply to a
superabundance or excess of flesh. Portly implies a kind of stoutness
or corpulence which gives a dignified or imposing appearance. Stout,
in our early writers (as in the English Bible), was used chiefly or
wholly in the sense of strong or bold; as, a stout champion; a stout
heart; a stout resistance, etc. At a later period it was used for
thickset or bulky, and more recently, especially in England, the idea
has been carried still further, so that Taylor says in his Synonyms:
"The stout man has the proportions of an ox; he is corpulent, fat,
and fleshy in relation to his size." In America, stout is still
commonly used in the original sense of strong as, a stout boy; a
stout pole.

STOUT
Stout, n.

Defn: A strong malt liquor; strong porter. Swift.

STOUT-HEARTED
Stout"-heart"ed, a.

Defn: Having a brave heart; courageous.
 -- Stout"-heart"ed*ness, n.

STOUTISH
Stout"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat stout; somewhat corpulent.

STOUTLY
Stout"ly, adv.

Defn: In a stout manner; lustily; boldly; obstinately; as, he stoutly
defended himself.

STOUTNESS
Stout"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being stout.

Syn.
 -- Strength; bulk; courage; force; valor; lustiness; brawniness;
boldness; fortitude; stubbornness.

STOVAIN; STOVAINE
Sto"va*in, n. Also -ine. [Stove (a translation of the name of the
discoverer, Fourneau + -in, -ine.] (Pharm.)

Defn: A substance, C14H22O2NCl, the hydrochloride of an amino
compound containing benzol, used, in solution with strychnine, as a
local anæsthetic, esp. by injection into the sheath of the spinal
cord, producing anæsthesia below the point of introduction.

STOVE
Stove,

Defn: imp. of Stave.

STOVE
Stove, n. Etym: [D. stoof a foot stove, originally, a heated room, a
room for a bath; akin to G. stube room, OHG. stuba a heated room, AS.
stofe, Icel. stofa a room, bathing room, Sw. stufva, stuga, a room,
Dan. stue; of unknown origin. Cf. Estufa, Stew, Stufa.]

1. A house or room artificially warmed or heated; a forcing house, or
hothouse; a drying room; -- formerly, designating an artificially
warmed dwelling or room, a parlor, or a bathroom, but now restricted,
in this sense, to heated houses or rooms used for horticultural
purposes or in the processes of the arts.
When most of the waiters were commanded away to their supper, the
parlor or stove being nearly emptied, in came a company of
musketeers. Earl of Strafford.
How tedious is it to them that live in stoves and caves half a year
together, as in Iceland, Muscovy, or under the pole! Burton.

2. An apparatus, consisting essentially of a receptacle for fuel,
made of iron, brick, stone, or tiles, and variously constructed, in
which fire is made or kept for warming a room or a house, or for
culinary or other purposes. Cooking stove, a stove with an oven,
opening for pots, kettles, and the like, -- used for cooking.
 -- Dry stove. See under Dry.
 -- Foot stove. See under Foot.
 -- Franklin stove. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Stove plant (Bot.), a plant which requires artificial heat to
make it grow in cold or cold temperate climates.
 -- Stove plate, thin iron castings for the parts of stoves.

STOVE
Stove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stoved; p. pr. & vb. n. Stoving.]

1. To keep warm, in a house or room, by artificial heat; as, to stove
orange trees. Bacon.

2. To heat or dry, as in a stove; as, to stove feathers.

STOVEHOUSE
Stove"house`, n.

Defn: A hothouse.

STOVEPIPE
Stove"pipe`, n.

Defn: Pipe made of sheet iron in length and angular or curved pieces
fitting together, -- used to connect a portable stove with a chimney
flue. Stovepipe hat, the common tall silk hat. [Slang, U.S.]

STOVER
Sto"ver, n. Etym: [OE. estoveir, estovoir, necessity, provisions,
properly an inf., "to be necessary." Cf. Estovers.]

Defn: Fodder for cattle, especially straw or coarse hay.
Where live nibbling sheep, And flat meads thatched with stover them
to keep. Shak.
Thresh barley as yet but as need shall require, Fresh threshed for
stover thy cattle desire. Tusser.

STOW
Stow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Stowing.] Etym:
[OE. stowen, fr. stowe a place, AS. stow; cf. Icel. eldstoa
fireplace, hearth, OFries. sto, and E. stand. *163.]

1. To place or arrange in a compact mass; to put in its proper place,
or in a suitable place; to pack; as, to stowbags, bales, or casks in
a ship's hold; to stow hay in a mow; to stow sheaves.
Some stow their oars, or stop the leaky sides. Dryden.

2. To put away in some place; to hide; to lodge.
Foul thief! where hast thou stowed my daughter Shak.

3. To arrange anything compactly in; to fill, by packing closely; as,
to stow a box, car, or the hold of a ship.

STOWAGE
Stow"age, n.

1. The act or method of stowing; as, the stowage of provisions in a
vessel.

2. Room in which things may be stowed. Cook.
In every vessel is stowage for immense treasures. Addison.

3. The state of being stowed, or put away. "To have them in safe
stowage." Shak.

4. Things stowed or packed. Beau. & Fl.

5. Money paid for stowing goods.

STOWAWAY
Stow"a*way`, n.

Defn: One who conceals himself board of a vessel about to leave port,
or on a railway train, in order to obtain a free passage.

STOWBOARD
Stow"board, n.

Defn: A place into which rubbish is put. [Written also stowbord.]

STOWCE
Stowce, n. (Mining)
(a) A windlass.
(b) A wooden landmark, to indicate possession of mining land.

STOWING
Stow"ing, n. (Mining)

Defn: A method of working in which the waste is packed into the space
formed by excavating the vein.

STOWRE
Stowre, a.

Defn: See Stour, a. [Obs.]

STOWRE
Stowre, n.

Defn: See Stour, n. [Obs.] Spenser.

STRABISM
Stra"bism, n. (Med.)

Defn: Strabismus.

STRABISMOMETER
Stra`bis*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Strabismus + -meter.] (Med.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the amount of strabismus.

STRABISMUS
Stra*bis"mus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An affection of one or both eyes, in which the optic axes can
not be directed to the same object, -- a defect due either to undue
contraction or to undue relaxation of one or more of the muscles
which move the eyeball; squinting; cross-eye.

STRABOTOMY
Stra*bot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation for the removal of squinting by the division of
such muscles as distort the eyeball.

STRADDLE
Strad"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Straddled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Straddling.] Etym: [Freq. from the root of stride.]

1. To part the legs wide; to stand or to walk with the legs far
apart.

2. To stand with the ends staggered; -- said of the spokes of a wagon
wheel where they join the hub.

STRADDLE
Strad"dle, v. t.

Defn: To place one leg on one side and the other on the other side
of; to stand or sit astride of; as, to straddle a fence or a horse.

STRADDLE
Strad"dle, n.

1. The act of standing, sitting, or walking, with the feet far apart.

2. The position, or the distance between the feet, of one who
straddles; as, a wide straddle.

3. A stock option giving the holder the double privilege of a "put"
and a "call," i. e., securing to the buyer of the option the right
either to demand of the seller at a certain price, within a certain
time, certain securities, or to require him to take at the same
price, and within the same time, the same securities. [Broker's Cant]

STRADDLING
Strad"dling, a.

Defn: Applied to spokes when they are arranged alternately in two
circles in the hub. See Straddle, v. i., and Straddle, v. t., 3.
Knight.

STRADOMETRICAL
Strad`o*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [It. strada street or road + E.
metrical.]

Defn: Of, or relating to, the measuring of streets or roads. [R.]

STRAGGLE
Strag"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Straggled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Straggling.] Etym: [Freq. of OE. straken to roam, to stroke. See
Stroke, v. t.]

1. To wander from the direct course or way; to rove; to stray; to
wander from the line of march or desert the line of battle; as, when
troops are on the march, the men should not straggle. Dryden.

2. To wander at large; to roam idly about; to ramble.
The wolf spied out a straggling kid. L'Estrange.

3. To escape or stretch beyond proper limits, as the branches of a
plant; to spread widely apart; to shoot too far or widely in growth.
Trim off the small, superfluous branches on each side of the hedge
that straggle too far out. Mortimer.

4. To be dispersed or separated; to occur at intervals. "Straggling
pistol shots." Sir W. Scott.
They came between Scylla and Charybdis and the straggling rocks. Sir
W. Raleigh.

STRAGGLE
Strag"gle, n.

Defn: The act of straggling. [R.] Carlyle.

STRAGGLER
Strag"gler, n.

1. One who straggles, or departs from the direct or proper course, or
from the company to which he belongs; one who falls behind the rest;
one who rambles without any settled direction.

2. A roving vagabond. Shak.

3. Something that shoots, or spreads out, beyond the rest, or too
far; an exuberant growth.
Let thy hand supply the pruning knife, And crop luxuriant stragglers.
Dryden.

4. Something that stands alone or by itself.

STRAGGLING
Strag"gling, a. & n.

Defn: from Straggle, v.

STRAGGLINGLY
Strag"gling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a straggling manner.

STRAGULUM
Strag"u*lum, n.; pl. Stragula. Etym: [L., a spread or covering, from
sternere to spread out.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The mantle, or pallium, of a bird.

STRAIGHT
Straight, a.

Defn: A variant of Strait, a. [Obs. or R.]
Egypt is a long country, but it is straight, that is to say, narrow.
Sir J. Mandeville.

STRAIGHT
Straight, a. [Compar. Straighter; superl. Straightest.] Etym: [OE.
strei, properly p.p. of strecchen to stretch, AS. streht, p.p. of
streccan to stretch, to extend. See Stretch.]

1. Right, in a mathematical sense; passing from one point to another
by the nearest course; direct; not deviating or crooked; as, a
straight line or course; a straight piece of timber.
And the crooked shall be made straight. Isa. xl. 4.
There are many several sorts of crooked lines, but there is only one
which is straight. Dryden.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Approximately straight; not much curved; as, straight ribs are
such as pass from the base of a leaf to the apex, with a small curve.

3. (Card Playing)

Defn: Composed of cards which constitute a regular sequence, as the
ace, king, queen, jack, and ten-spot; as, a straight hand; a straight
flush.

4. Conforming to justice and rectitude; not deviating from truth or
fairness; upright; as, straight dealing.

5. Unmixed; undiluted; as, to take liquor straight. [Slang]

6. Making no exceptions or deviations in one's support of the
organization and candidates of a political party; as, a straight
Republican; a straight Democrat; also, containing the names of all
the regularly nominated candidates of a party and no others; as, a
straight ballot. [Political Cant, U.S.] Straight arch (Arch.), a form
of arch in which the intrados is straight, but with its joints drawn
radially, as in a common arch.
 -- A straight face, one giving no evidence of merriment or other
emotion.
 -- A straight line. "That which lies evenly between its extreme
points." Euclid. "The shortest line between two points." Chauvenet.
"A line which has the same direction through its whole length."
Newcomb.
 -- Straight-way valve, a valve which, when opened widely, affords a
straight passageway, as for water. walk the straight and narrow.

STRAIGHT
Straight, adv.

Defn: In a straight manner; directly; rightly; forthwith;
immediately; as, the arrow went straight to the mark. "Floating
straight." Shak.
I know thy generous temper well; Fling but the appearance of dishonor
on it, It straight takes fire, and mounts into a blaze. Addison.
Everything was going on straight. W. Black.

STRAIGHT
Straight, n. (Poker)

Defn: A hand of five cards in consecutive order as to value; a
sequence. When they are of one suit, it is calles straight flush.

STRAIGHT
Straight, v. t.

Defn: To straighten. [R.] A Smith.

STRAIGHTEDGE
Straight"edge`, n.

Defn: A board, or piece of wood or metal, having one edge perfectly
straight, -- used to ascertain whether a line is straight or a
surface even, and for drawing straight lines.

STRAIGHTEN
Straight"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Straighted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Straighting.]

1. To make straight; to reduce from a crooked to a straight form.

2. To make right or correct; to reduce to order; as, to straighten
one's affairs; to straighten an account. To straighten one's face, to
cease laughing or smiling, etc., and compose one's features.

STRAIGHTEN
Straight"en, v. t.

Defn: A variant of Straiten. [Obs. or R.]

STRAIGHTENER
Straight"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, straightens.

STRAIGHTFORTH
Straight"forth`, adv.

Defn: Straightway. [Obs.]

STRAIGHTFORWARD
Straight`for"ward, a.

Defn: Proceeding in a straight course or manner; not deviating;
honest; frank.
 -- adv.

Defn: In a straightforward manner.
 -- Straight`for"ward*ly, adv.
 -- Straight`for"ward*ness, n.

STRAIGHTHORN
Straight"horn`, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: An orthoceras.

STRAIGHT-JOINT
Straight"-joint`, a. (Arch.)

Defn: Having straight joints. Specifically:
(a) Applied to a floor the boards of which are so laid that the
joints form a continued line transverse to the length of the boards
themselves. Brandle & C.
(b) In the United States, applied to planking or flooring put
together without the tongue and groove, the pieces being laid edge to
edge.

STRAIGHT-LINED
Straight"-lined`, a.

Defn: Having straight lines.

STRAIGHTLY
Straight"ly, adv.

Defn: In a right line; not crookedly.

STRAIGHTLY
Straight"ly, adv.

Defn: A variant of Straitly. See 1st Straight.

STRAIGHTNESS
Straight"ness, n.

Defn: The quality, condition, or state, of being straight; as, the
straightness of a path.

STRAIGHTNESS
Straight"ness, n.

Defn: A variant of Straitness.

STRAIGHT-OUT
Straight"-out`, a.

Defn: Acting without concealment, obliquity, or compromise; hence,
unqualified; thoroughgoing. [Colloq. U.S.]
Straight-out and generous indignation. Mrs. Stowe.

STRAIGHT-PIGHT
Straight"-pight`, a.

Defn: Straight in form or upright in position; erect. [Obs.] Shak.

STRAIGHT-SPOKEN
Straight"-spo`ken, a.

Defn: Speaking with directness; plain-spoken. [Colloq. U.S.] Lowell.

STRAIGHTWAY
Straight"way`, adv.

Defn: Immediately; without loss of time; without delay.
He took the damsel by the hand, and said unto her, Talitha cumi. . .
. And straightway the damsel arose. Mark v. 41,42.

STRAIGHTWAYS
Straight"ways`, adv.

Defn: Straightway. [Obs.]

STRAIK
Straik, n.

Defn: A strake.

STRAIN
Strain, n. Etym: [See Strene.]

1. Race; stock; generation; descent; family.
He is of a noble strain. Shak.
With animals and plants a cross between different varieties, or
between individuals of the same variety but of another strain, gives
vigor and fertility to the offspring. Darwin.

2. Hereditary character, quality, or disposition.
Intemperance and lust breed diseases, which, propogated, spoil the
strain of nation. Tillotson.

3. Rank; a sort. "The common strain." Dryden.

STRAIN
Strain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Strained; p. pr. & vb. n. Straining.]
Etym: [OF. estraindre, estreindre, F. étreindre, L. stringere to draw
or bind tight; probably akin to Gr. strike. Cf. Strangle, Strike,
Constrain, District, Strait, a. Stress, Strict, Stringent.]

1. To draw with force; to extend with great effort; to stretch; as,
to strain a rope; to strain the shrouds of a ship; to strain the
cords of a musical instrument. "To strain his fetters with a stricter
care." Dryden.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: To act upon, in any way, so as to cause change of form or
volume, as forces on a beam to bend it.

3. To exert to the utmost; to ply vigorously.
He sweats, Strains his young nerves. Shak.
They strain their warbling throats To welcome in the spring. Dryden.

4. To stretch beyond its proper limit; to do violence to, in the
matter of intent or meaning; as, to strain the law in order to
convict an accused person.
There can be no other meaning in this expression, however some may
pretend to strain it. Swift.

5. To injure by drawing, stretching, or the exertion of force; as,
the gale strained the timbers of the ship.

6. To injure in the muscles or joints by causing to make too strong
an effort; to harm by overexertion; to sprain; as, to strain a horse
by overloading; to strain the wrist; to strain a muscle.
Prudes decayed about may track, Strain their necks with looking back.
Swift.

7. To squeeze; to press closely.
Evander with a close embrace Strained his departing friend. Dryden.

8. To make uneasy or unnatural; to produce with apparent effort; to
force; to constrain.
He talks and plays with Fatima, but his mirth Is forced and strained.
Denham.
The quality of mercy is not strained. Shak.

9. To urge with importunity; to press; as, to strain a petition or
invitation.
Note, if your lady strain his entertainment. Shak.

10. To press, or cause to pass, through a strainer, as through a
screen, a cloth, or some porous substance; to purify, or separate
from extraneous or solid matter, by filtration; to filter; as, to
strain milk through cloth. To strain a point, to make a special
effort; especially, to do a degree of violence to some principle or
to one's own feelings.
 -- To strain courtesy, to go beyond what courtesy requires; to
insist somewhat too much upon the precedence of others; -- often used
ironically. Shak.

STRAIN
Strain, v. i.

1. To make violent efforts. "Straining with too weak a wing." Pope.
To build his fortune I will strain a little. Shak.

2. To percolate; to be filtered; as, water straining through a sandy
soil.

STRAIN
Strain, n.

1. The act of straining, or the state of being strained.
Specifically: --
(a) A violent effort; an excessive and hurtful exertion or tension,
as of the muscles; as, he lifted the weight with a strain the strain
upon a ship's rigging in a gale; also, the hurt or injury resulting;
a sprain.
Whether any poet of our country since Shakespeare has exerted a
greater variety of powers with less strain and less ostentation.
Landor.
Credit is gained by custom, and seldom recovers a strain. Sir W.
Temple.
(b) (Mech. Physics)

Defn: A change of form or dimensions of a solid or liquid mass,
produced by a stress. Rankine.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A portion of music divided off by a double bar; a complete
musical period or sentence; a movement, or any rounded subdivision of
a movement.
Their heavenly harps a lower strain began. Dryden.

3. Any sustained note or movement; a song; a distinct portion of an
ode or other poem; also, the pervading note, or burden, of a song,
poem, oration, book, etc.; theme; motive; manner; style; also, a
course of action or conduct; as, he spoke in a noble strain; there
was a strain of woe in his story; a strain of trickery appears in his
career. "A strain of gallantry." Sir W. Scott.
Such take too high a strain at first. Bacon.
The genius and strain of the book of Proverbs. Tillotson.
It [Pilgrim's Progress] seems a novelty, and yet contains Nothing but
sound and honest gospel strains. Bunyan.

4. Turn; tendency; inborn disposition. Cf. 1st Strain.
Because heretics have a strain of madness, he applied her with some
corporal chastisements. Hayward.

STRAINABLE
Strain"a*ble, a.

1. Capable of being strained.

2. Violent in action. Holinshed.

STRAINABLY
Strain"a*bly, adv.

Defn: Violently. Holinshed.

STRAINED
Strained, a.

1. Subjected to great or excessive tension; wrenched; weakened; as,
strained relations between old friends.

2. Done or produced with straining or excessive effort; as, his wit
was strained.

STRAINER
Strain"er, n.

1. One who strains.

2. That through which any liquid is passed for purification or to
separate it from solid matter; anything, as a screen or a cloth, used
to strain a liquid; a device of the character of a sieve or of a
filter; specifically, an openwork or perforated screen, as for the
end of the suctionpipe of a pump, to prevent large solid bodies from
entering with a liquid.

STRAINING
Strain"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Strain. Straining piece (Arch.), a short piece of timber
in a truss, used to maintain the ends of struts or rafters, and keep
them from slipping. See Illust. of Queen-post.

STRAINT
Straint, n. Etym: [OF. estrainte, estreinte, F. étrainte. See 2nd
Strain.]

Defn: Overexertion; excessive tension; strain. [Obs.] Spenser.

STRAIT
Strait, a.

Defn: A variant of Straight. [Obs.]

STRAIT
Strait, a. [Compar. Straiter; superl. Straitest.] Etym: [OE.
straight, streyt, streit, OF. estreit, estroit, F. étroit, from L.
strictus drawn together, close, tight, p.p. of stringere to draw
tight. See 2nd Strait, and cf. Strict.]

1. Narrow; not broad.
Strait is the gate, and narrow is the way, which leadeth unto life,
and few there be that find it. Matt. vii. 14.
Too strait and low our cottage doors. Emerson.

2. Tight; close; closely fitting. Shak.

3. Close; intimate; near; familiar. [Obs.] "A strait degree of
favor." Sir P. Sidney.

4. Strict; scrupulous; rigorous.
Some certain edicts and some strait decrees. Shak.
The straitest sect of our religion. Acts xxvi. 5 (Rev. Ver.).

5. Difficult; distressful; straited.
To make your strait circumstances yet straiter. Secker.

6. Parsimonious; niggargly; mean. [Obs.]
I beg cold comfort, and you are so strait, And so ingrateful, you
deny me that. Shak.

STRAIT
Strait, adv.

Defn: Strictly; rigorously. [Obs.] Shak.

STRAIT
Strait, n.; pl. Straits. Etym: [OE. straight, streit, OF. estreit,
estroit. See Strait, a.]

1. A narrow pass or passage.
He brought him through a darksome narrow strait To a broad gate all
built of beaten gold. Spenser.
Honor travels in a strait so narrow Where one but goes abreast. Shak.

2. Specifically: (Geog.)

Defn: A (comparatively) narrow passageway connecting two large bodies
of water; -- often in the plural; as, the strait, or straits, of
Gibraltar; the straits of Magellan; the strait, or straits, of
Mackinaw.
We steered directly through a large outlet which they call a strait,
though it be fifteen miles broad. De Foe.

3. A neck of land; an isthmus. [R.]
A dark strait of barren land. Tennyson.

4. Fig.: A condition of narrowness or restriction; doubt; distress;
difficulty; poverty; perplexity; -- sometimes in the plural; as,
reduced to great straits.
For I am in a strait betwixt two. Phil. i. 23.
Let no man, who owns a Providence, grow desperate under any calamity
or strait whatsoever. South.
Ulysses made use of the pretense of natural infirmity to conceal the
straits he was in at that time in his thoughts. Broome.

STRAIT
Strait, v. t.

Defn: To put to difficulties. [Obs.] Shak.

STRAITEN
Strait"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Straitened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Straitening.]

1. To make strait; to make narrow; hence, to contract; to confine.
Waters, when straitened, as at the falls of bridges, give a roaring
noise. Bacon.
In narrow circuit, straitened by a foe. Milton.

2. To make tense, or tight; to tighten.
They straiten at each end the cord. Pope.

3. To restrict; to distress or embarrass in respect of means or
conditions of life; -- used chiefly in the past participle; -- as, a
man straitened in his circumstances.

STRAIT-HANDED
Strait"-hand`ed, a.

Defn: Parsimonious; sparing; niggardly. [R.] -- Strait"-hand`ed*ness,
n. [R.]

STRAIT-JACKET
Strait"-jack`et, n.

Defn: A dress of strong materials for restraining maniacs or those
who are violently delirious. It has long sleeves, which are closed at
the ends, confining the hands, and may be tied behind the back.

STRAIT-LACED
Strait"-laced`, a.

1. Bound with stays.
Let nature have scope to fashion the body as she thinks best; we have
few well-shaped that are strait-laced. Locke.

2. Restricted; stiff; constrained. [R.] Fuller.

3. Rigid in opinion; strict in manners or morals.

STRAITLY
Strait"ly, adv.

1. In a strait manner; narrowly; strictly; rigorously. Mark i. 43.

2. Closely; intimately. [Obs.]

STRAITNESS
Strait"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being strait; especially, a pinched
condition or situation caused by poverty; as, the straitnessof their
circumstances.

STRAIT-WAISTCOAT
Strait"-waist`coat, n.

Defn: Same as Strait-jacket.

STRAKE
Strake, obs.

Defn: imp. of Strike. Spenser.

STRAKE
Strake, n. Etym: [See Streak.]

1. A streak. [Obs.] Spenser."White strake." Gen. xxx. 37.

2. An iron band by which the fellies of a wheel are secured to each
other, being not continuous, as the tire is, but made up of separate
pieces.

3. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: One breadth of planks or plates forming a continuous range on
the bottom or sides of a vessel, reaching from the stem to the stern;
a streak.

Note: The planks or plates next the keel are called the garboard
strakes; the next, or the heavy strakes at the bilge, are the bilge
strakes; the next, from the water line to the lower port sill, the
wales; and the upper parts of the sides, the sheer strakes.

4. (Mining)

Defn: A trough for washing broken ore, gravel, or sand; a launder.

STRALE
Strale, n.

Defn: Pupil of the eye. [Prov. Eng.]

STRAM
Stram, v. t. Etym: [Cf. LG. strammen to strain, straiten, stretch, D.
stram strained, tight, G. stramm.]

Defn: To spring or recoil with violence. [Prov. Eng.]

STRAM
Stram, v. t.

Defn: To dash down; to beat. [Prov. Eng.]

STRAMASH
Stram"ash, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Stramazoun.]

Defn: To strike, beat, or bang; to break; to destroy. [Scot. & Prov.
Eng.]

STRAMASH
Stram"ash, n.

Defn: A turmoil; a broil; a fray; a fight. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Barham.

STRAMAZOUN
Stram"a*zoun, n. Etym: [F. estramaçon, It. stramazzone.]

Defn: A direct descending blow with the edge of a sword. [Obs.] B.
Jonson.

STRAMINEOUS
Stra*min"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. stramineus, fr. stramen straw, fr.
sternere, stratum, to spread out, to strew.]

1. Strawy; consisting of straw. Robinson.

2. Chaffy; like straw; straw-colored. Burton.

STRAMONIUM
Stra*mo"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL.; Cf. F. stramoine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A poisonous plant (Datura Stramonium); stinkweed. See Datura,
and Jamestown weed.

STRAMONY
Stram"o*ny, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Stramonium.

STRAND
Strand, n. Etym: [Probably fr. D. streen a skein; akin to G. strähne
a skein, lock of hair, strand of a rope.]

Defn: One of the twists, or strings, as of fibers, wires, etc., of
which a rope is composed.

STRAND
Strand, v. t.

Defn: To break a strand of (a rope).

STRAND
Strand, n. Etym: [AS. strand; akin to D., G., Sw., & Dan. strand,
Icel. strönd.]

Defn: The shore, especially the beach of a sea, ocean, or large lake;
rarely, the margin of a navigable river. Chaucer. Strand birds.
(Zoöl.) See Shore birds, under Shore.
 -- Strand plover (Zoöl.), a black-bellied plover. See Illust. of
Plover.
 -- Strand wolf (Zoöl.), the brown hyena.

STRAND
Strand, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stranded; p. pr. & vb. n. Stranding.]

Defn: To drive on a strand; hence, to run aground; as, to strand a
ship.

STRAND
Strand, v. i.

Defn: To drift, or be driven, on shore to run aground; as, the ship
stranded at high water.

STRANG
Strang, a. Etym: [See Strong.]

Defn: Strong. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell.

STRANGE
Strange, a. [Compar. Stranger; superl. Strangest.] Etym: [OE.
estrange, F. étrange, fr. L. extraneus that is without, external,
foreign, fr. extra on the outside. See Extra, and cf. Estrange,
Extraneous.]

1. Belonging to another country; foreign. "To seek strange strands."
Chaucer.
One of the strange queen's lords. Shak.
I do not contemn the knowledge of strange and divers tongues. Ascham.

2. Of or pertaining to others; not one's own; not pertaining to one's
self; not domestic.
So she, impatient her own faults to see, Turns from herself, and in
strange things delights. Sir J. Davies.

3. Not before known, heard, or seen; new.
Here is the hand and seal of the duke; you know the character, I
doubt not; and the signet is not strange to you. Shak.

4. Not according to the common way; novel; odd; unusual; irregular;
extraordinary; unnatural; queer. "He is sick of a strange fever."
Shak.
Sated at length, erelong I might perceive Strange alteration in me.
Milton.

5. Reserved; distant in deportment. Shak.
She may be strange and shy at first, but will soon learn to love
thee. Hawthorne.

6. Backward; slow. [Obs.]
Who, loving the effect, would not be strange In favoring the cause.
Beau. & Fl.

7. Not familiar; unaccustomed; inexperienced.
In thy fortunes am unlearned and strange. Shak.

Note: Strange is often used as an exclamation.
Strange! what extremes should thus preserve the snow High on the
Alps, or in deep caves below. Waller.
Strange sail (Naut.), an unknown vessel.
 -- Strange woman (Script.), a harlot. Prov. v. 3.
 -- To make it strange. (a) To assume ignorance, suspicion, or alarm,
concerning it. Shak. (b) To make it a matter of difficulty. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
 -- To make strange, To make one's self strange. (a) To profess
ignorance or astonishment. (b) To assume the character of a stranger.
Gen. xlii. 7.

Syn.
 -- Foreign; new; outlandish; wonderful; astonishing; marvelous;
unusual; odd; uncommon; irregular; queer; eccentric.

STRANGE
Strange, adv.

Defn: Strangely. [Obs.]
Most strange, but yet most truly, will I speak. Shak.

STRANGE
Strange, v. t.

Defn: To alienate; to estrange. [Obs.]

STRANGE
Strange, v. i.

1. To be estranged or alienated. [Obs.]

2. To wonder; to be astonished. [Obs.] Glanvill.

STRANGELY
Strange"ly, adv.

1. As something foreign, or not one's own; in a manner adapted to
something foreign and strange. [Obs.] Shak.

2. In the manner of one who does not know another; distantly;
reservedly; coldly.
You all look strangely on me. Shak.
I do in justice charge thee . . . That thou commend it strangely to
some place Where chance may nurse or end it. Shak.

3. In a strange manner; in a manner or degree to excite surprise or
wonder; wonderfully.
How strangely active are the arts of peace! Dryden.
It would strangely delight you to see with what spirit he converses.
Law.

STRANGENESS
Strange"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being strange (in any sense of the
adjective).

STRANGER
Stran"ger, n. Etym: [OF. estrangier, F. étranger. See Strange.]

1. One who is strange, foreign, or unknown. Specifically: --
(a) One who comes from a foreign land; a foreigner.
I am a most poor woman and a stranger, Born out of your dominions.
Shak.

(b) One whose home is at a distance from the place where he is, but
in the same country.
(c) One who is unknown or unacquainted; as, the gentleman is a
stranger to me; hence, one not admitted to communication, fellowship,
or acquaintance.
Melons on beds of ice are taught to bear, And strangers to the sun
yet ripen here. Granville.
My child is yet a stranger in the world. Shak.
I was no stranger to the original. Dryden.

2. One not belonging to the family or household; a guest; a visitor.
To honor and receive Our heavenly stranger. Milton.

3. (Law)

Defn: One not privy or party an act, contract, or title; a mere
intruder or intermeddler; one who interferes without right; as,
actual possession of land gives a good title against a stranger
having no title; as to strangers, a mortgage is considered merely as
a pledge; a mere stranger to the levy.

STRANGER
Stran"ger, v. t.

Defn: To estrange; to alienate. [Obs.] Shak.

STRANGLE
Stran"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Strangled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Strangling.] Etym: [OF. estrangler, F. étrangler, L. strangulare, Gr.
string, n. Cf. Strain, String.]

1. To compress the windpipe of (a person or animal) until death
results from stoppage of respiration; to choke to death by
compressing the throat, as with the hand or a rope.
Our Saxon ancestors compelled the adulteress to strangle herself.
Ayliffe.

2. To stifle, choke, or suffocate in any manner.
Shall I not then be stifled in the vault, . . . And there die
strangled ere my Romeo comes Shak.

3. To hinder from appearance; to stifle; to suppress. "Strangle such
thoughts." Shak.

STRANGLE
Stran"gle, v. i.

Defn: To be strangled, or suffocated.

STRANGLEABLE
Stran"gle*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being strangled. [R.] Chesterfield.

STRANGLE HOLD
Stran"gle hold.

Defn: In wrestling, a hold by which one's opponent is choked. It is
usually not allowed.

STRANGLER
Stran"gler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, strangles. "The very strangler of their
amity." Shak.

STRANGLES
Stran"gles, n.

Defn: A disease in horses and swine, in which the upper part of the
throat, or groups of lymphatic glands elsewhere, swells.

STRANGULATE
Stran"gu*late, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Strangulated.

STRANGULATED
Stran"gu*la`ted, a.

1. (Med.)

Defn: Having the circulation stopped by compression; attended with
arrest or obstruction of circulation, caused by constriction or
compression; as, a strangulated hernia.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Contracted at irregular intervals, if tied with a ligature;
constricted. Strangulated hernia. (Med.) See under Hernia.

STRANGULATION
Stran"gu*la`tion, n. Etym: [L. strangulatio: cf. F. strangulation.
See Strangle.]

1. The act of strangling, or the state of being strangled.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Inordinate compression or constriction of a tube or part, as of
the throat; especially, such as causes a suspension of breathing, of
the passage of contents, or of the circulation, as in cases of
hernia.

STRANGURIOUS
Stran*gu"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. stranguriosus.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to strangury. Cheyne.

STRANGURY
Stran"gu*ry, n. Etym: [L. stranguria, Gr. strangurie. See Strangle,
and Urine.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A painful discharge of urine, drop by drop, produced by
spasmodic muscular contraction.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A swelling or other disease in a plant, occasioned by a
ligature fastened tightly about it.

STRANY
Stra"ny, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The guillemot. [Prov. Eng.]

STRAP
Strap, n. Etym: [OE. strope, AS. stropp, L. stroppus, struppus,
perhaps fr. Gr. Strophe). Cf. Strop a strap, a piece of rope.]

1. A long, narrow, pliable strip of leather, cloth, or the like;
specifically, a strip of thick leather used in flogging.
A lively cobbler that . . . had scarce passed a day without giving
her [his wife] the discipline of the strap. Addison.

2. Something made of such a strip, or of a part of one, or a
combination of two or more for a particular use; as, a boot strap,
shawl strap, stirrup strap.

3. A piece of leather, or strip of wood covered with a suitable
material, for sharpening a razor; a strop.

4. A narrow strip of anything, as of iron or brass. Specifically: --
(a) (Carp. & Mach.)

Defn: A band, plate, or loop of metal for clasping and holding
timbers or parts of a machine. (b) (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of rope or metal passing around a block and used for
fastening it to anything.

5. (Bot.)
(a) The flat part of the corolla in ligulate florets, as those of the
white circle in the daisy.
(b) The leaf, exclusive of its sheath, in some grasses.

6. A shoulder strap. See under Shoulder. Strap bolt, a bolt of which
one end is a flat bar of considerable length.
 -- Strap head (Mach.), a journal box, or pair of brasses, secured to
the end of a connecting rod by a strap. See Illust. of Gib and key,
under Gib.
 -- Strap hinge, a hinge with long flaps by which it is fastened, as
to a door or wall.
 -- Strap rail (Railroads), a flat rail formerly used.

STRAP
Strap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Strapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Strapping.]

1. To beat or chastise with a strap.

2. To fasten or bind with a strap. Cowper.

3. To sharpen by rubbing on a strap, or strop; as, to strap a razor.

STRAPPADO
Strap*pa"do, n.; pl. Strappadoes. Etym: [It. strappata a pull, the
strappado, from strappare to pull, from Prov. G. strapfen: cf. G.
straff tense, stretched.]

Defn: A military punishment formerly practiced, which consisted in
drawing an offender to the top of a beam and letting him fall to the
length of the rope, by which means a limb was often dislocated. Shak.

STRAPPADO
Strap*pa"do, v. t.

Defn: To punish or torture by the strappado. Milton.

STRAPPER
Strap"per, n.

1. One who uses strap.

2. A person or thing of uncommon size. [Colloq.]

STRAPPING
Strap"ping, a.

Defn: Tall; strong; lusty; large; as, a strapping fellow. [Colloq.]
There are five and thirty strapping officers gone. Farquhar.

STRAPPLE
Strap"ple, v. t.

Defn: To hold or bind with, or as with, a strap; to entangle. [Obs.]
Chapman.

STRAP-SHAPED
Strap"-shaped`, a.

Defn: Shaped like a strap; ligulate; as, a strap-shaped corolla.

STRAPWORK
Strap"work`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A kind of ornament consisting of a narrow fillet or band
folded, crossed, and interlaced.

STRASS
Strass, n. Etym: [So called from its inventor, a German jeweler: cf.
F. stras.] (Chem.)

Defn: A brilliant glass, used in the manufacture of artificial paste
gems, which consists essentially of a complex borosilicate of lead
and potassium. Cf. Glass.

STRATA
Stra"ta, n.,

Defn: pl. of Stratum.

STRATAGEM
Strat"a*gem, n. Etym: [F. stratagème (cf. Sp. estratagema, It.
stratagemma), L. strategema, Gr. Stratum) + Agent.]

Defn: An artifice or trick in war for deceiving the enemy; hence, in
general, artifice; deceptive device; secret plot; evil machination.
Fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils. Shak.
Those oft are stratagems which error seem, Nor is it Homer nods, but
we that dream. Pope.

STRATAGEMICAL
Strat`a*gem"ic*al, a.

Defn: Containing stratagem; as, a stratagemical epistle. [R.] Swift.

STRATARITHMETRY
Strat`a*rith"me*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -metry.] (Mil.)

Defn: The art of drawing up an army, or any given number of men, in
any geometrical figure, or of estimating or expressing the number of
men in such a figure.

STRATEGETIC; STRATEGETICAL
Strat`e*get"ic, Strat`e*get"ic*al, a.

Defn: Strategic.

STRATEGETICS
Strat`e*get"ics, n.

Defn: Strategy.

STRATEGIC; STRATEGICAL
Stra*te"gic, Stra*te"gic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. stratégique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to strategy; effected by artifice.
 -- Stra*te"gic*al*ly, adv. Strategic line (Mil.), a line joining
strategic points.
 -- Strategic point (Mil.), any point or region in the theater or
warlike operations which affords to its possessor an advantage over
his opponent, as a mountain pass, a junction of rivers or roads, a
fortress, etc.

STRATEGICS
Stra*te"gics, n.

Defn: Strategy.

STRATEGIST
Strat"e*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. stratégiste.]

Defn: One skilled in strategy, or the science of directing great
military movements.

STRATEGUS
Stra*te"gus, n.; pl. Strategi. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Stratagem.] (Gr.
Antiq.)

Defn: The leader or commander of an army; a general.

STRATEGY
Strat"e*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. stratégie. See Stratagem.]

1. The science of military command, or the science of projecting
campaigns and directing great military movements; generalship.

2. The use of stratagem or artifice.

STRATH
Strath, n. Etym: [Gael. srath.]

Defn: A valley of considerable size, through which a river runs; a
valley bottom; -- often used in composition with the name of the
river; as, Strath Spey, Strathdon, Strathmore. [Scot.]
The long green strath of Napa valley. R. L. Stevenson.

STRATHSPEY
Strath"spey`, n. Etym: [So called from the district of Strath Spey in
Scotland.]

Defn: A lively Scottish dance, resembling the reel, but slower; also,
the tune.

STRATICULATE
Stra*tic"u*late, a. Etym: [Dim. Fr. stratum.] (Min.)

Defn: Characterized by the presence of thin parallel strata, or
layers, as in an agate.

STRATIFICATION
Strat`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. stratification.]

1. The act or process of laying in strata, or the state of being laid
in the form of strata, or layers.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The deposition of material in successive layers in the growth
of a cell wall, thus giving rise to a stratified appearance.

STRATIFIED
Strat"i*fied, a.

Defn: Having its substance arranged in strata, or layers; as,
stratified rock.

STRATIFORM
Strat"i*form, a.

Defn: Having the form of strata.

STRATIFY
Strat"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stratified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Stratifying.] Etym: [Stratum + -fy: cf. F. stratifier.]

Defn: To form or deposit in strata, or layers, as substances in the
earth; to arrange in strata.

STRATIGRAPHIC; STRATIGRAPHICAL
Strat`i*graph"ic, Strat`i*graph"ic*al, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or depended upon, the order or arrangement of
strata; as, stratigraphical evidence.
 -- Strat`i*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

STRATIGRAPHIC; STRATIGRAPHICAL
Strat`i*graph"ic, -ic*al, a. (Mil.)

Defn: See Stratographic.

STRATIGRAPHY
Stra*tig"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Stratum + -graphy.]

Defn: That branch of geology which treats of the arrangement and
succession of strata.

STRATO-CIRRUS
Stra`to-cir"rus, n.  [Stratus + cirrus.] (Meteor.)

Defn: An alto-stratus cloud.

STRATOCRACY
Stra*toc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -cracy, as in democracy: cf. F.
stratocratie.]

Defn: A military government; government by military chiefs and an
army.

STRATO-CUMULUS
Stra`to-cu"mu*lus, n. [Stratus + cumulus.] (Meteor.)

Defn: Large balls or rolls of dark cloud which frequently cover the
whole sky, esp. in winter, and give it at times an undulated
appearance.

STRATOGRAPHIC; STRATOGRAPHICAL
Strat`o*graph"ic, Strat`o*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to stratography.

STRATOGRAPHY
Stra*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A description of an army, or of what belongs to an army.

STRATONIC
Stra*ton"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an army. [R.]

STRATOTIC
Stra*tot"ic, a.

Defn: Warlike; military. [R.]

STRATUM
Stra"tum, n.; pl. E. Stratums, L. Strata. The latter is more common.
Etym: [L., from sternere, stratum, to spread; akin to Gr. Strew, and
cf. Consternation, Estrade, Prostrate, Stratus, Street.]

1. (Geol.)

Defn: A bed of earth or rock of one kind, formed by natural causes,
and consisting usually of a series of layers, which form a rock as it
lies between beds of other kinds. Also used figuratively.

2. A bed or layer artificially made; a course.

STRATUS
Stra"tus, n. Etym: [L. stratus a spreading out, scattering, from
sternere, stratum, to spread.] (Meteor.)

Defn: A form of clouds in which they are arranged in a horizontal
band or layer. See Cloud.

STRAUGHT
Straught, obs.

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Stretch.

STRAUGHT
Straught, v. t.

Defn: To stretch; to make straight. [Written also straucht.] [Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.

STRAW
Straw, v. t.

Defn: To spread or scatter. See Strew, and Strow. Chaucer.

STRAW
Straw, n. Etym: [OE. straw, stre, stree, AS. streáw, from the root of
E. strew; akin to OFries. stre, D. stroo, G. stroh, OHG. stro, Icel.
stra, Dan. straa, Sw. strå. *166. See Strew.]

1. A stalk or stem of certain species of grain, pulse, etc.,
especially of wheat, rye, oats, barley, more rarely of buckwheat,
beans, and pease.

2. The gathered and thrashed stalks of certain species of grain,
etc.; as, a bundle, or a load, of rye straw.

3. Anything proverbially worthless; the least possible thing; a mere
trifle.
I set not a straw by thy dreamings. Chaucer.

Note: Straw is often used in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, straw-built, straw-crowned, straw-roofed, straw-
stuffed, and the like. Man of straw, an effigy formed by stuffing the
garments of a man with straw; hence, a fictitious person; an
irresponsible person; a puppet.set up a straw man; -- used in
disputation. Typically, one party accuses an opponent of setting up a
straw man, meaning that the opponent is distorting his true opinion
in order to make it look absurd.
 -- Straw bail, worthless bail, as being given by irresponsible
persons. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Straw bid, a worthless bid; a bid for a
contract which the bidder is unable or unwilling to fulfill. [Colloq.
U.S.] -- Straw cat (Zoöl.), the pampas cat.
 -- Straw color, the color of dry straw, being a delicate yellow.
 -- Straw drain, a drain filled with straw.
 -- Straw plait, or Straw plat, a strip formed by plaiting straws,
used for making hats, bonnets, etc.
 -- To be in the straw, to be brought to bed, as a pregnant woman.
[Slang]

STRAWBERRY
Straw"ber*ry, n. Etym: [AS. streáwberige; streáw straw + berie berry;
perhaps from the resemblance of the runners of the plant to straws.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A fragrant edible berry, of a delicious taste and commonly of a
red color, the fruit of a plant of the genus Fragaria, of which there
are many varieties. Also, the plant bearing the fruit. The common
American strawberry is Fragaria virginiana; the European, F. vesca.
There are also other less common species. Strawberry bass. (Zoöl.)
See Calico bass, under Calico.
 -- Strawberry blite. (Bot.) See under Blite.
 -- Strawberry borer (Zoöl.), any one of several species of insects
whose larvæ burrow in the crown or roots of the strawberry vine.
Especially: (a) The root borer (Anarsia lineatella), a very small
dark gray moth whose larvæ burrow both in the larger roots and crown,
often doing great damage. (b) The crown borer (Tyloderma fragariæ), a
small brown weevil whose larva burrows in the crown and kills the
plant.
 -- Strawberry bush (Bot.), an American shrub (Euonymus Americanus),
a kind of spindle tree having crimson pods and the seeds covered with
a scarlet aril.
 -- Strawberry crab (Zoöl.), a small European spider crab (Eurynome
aspera); -- so called because the back is covered with pink
tubercles.
 -- Strawberry fish (Zoöl.), the amadavat.
 -- Strawberry geranium (Bot.), a kind of saxifrage (Saxifraga
sarmentosa) having reniform leaves, and producing long runners like
those of the strawberry.
 -- Strawberry leaf. (a) The leaf of the strawberry. (b) The symbol
of the rank or estate of a duke, because the ducal coronet is twined
with strawberry leaves. "The strawberry leaves on her chariot panels
are engraved on her ladyship's heart." Thackeray.
 -- Strawberry-leaf roller (Zoöl.), any one of several species of
moths whose larvæ roll up, and feed upon, the leaves of the
strawberry vine; especially, Phoxopteris fragariæ, and Eccopsis
permundana.
 -- Strawberry moth (Zoöl.), any one of several species of moth whose
larvæ feed on the strawberry vines; as: (a) The smeared dagger
(Apatela oblinita), whose large hairy larva is velvety black with two
rows of bright yellow spots on each side. (b) A geometrid (Angerona
crocataria) which is yellow with dusky spots on the wings. Called
also currant moth.
 -- Strawberry pear (Bot.), the red ovoid fruit of a West Indian
plant of the genus Cereus (C. triangularia). It has a sweetish
flavor, and is slightly acid, pleasant, and cooling. Also, the plant
bearing the fruit.
 -- Strawberry sawfly (Zoöl.), a small black sawfly (Emphytus
maculatus) whose larva eats the leaves of the strawberry vine.
 -- Strawberry tomato. (Bot.) See Alkekengi.
 -- Strawberry tree. (Bot.) See Arbutus.
 -- Strawberry vine (Bot.), the plant which yields the strawberry.
 -- Strawberry worm (Zoöl.), the larva of any moth which feeds on the
strawberry vine.

STRAWBOARD
Straw"board`, n.

Defn: Pasteboard made of pulp of straw.

STRAW-COLORED
Straw"-col`ored, a.

Defn: Being of a straw color. See Straw color, under Straw, n.

STRAW-CUTTER
Straw"-cut`ter, n.

Defn: An instrument to cut straw for fodder.

STRAWED
Strawed,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Straw. [Obs.]

STRAWWORM
Straw"worm`, n.

Defn: A caddice worm.

STRAWY
Straw"y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to straw; made of, or resembling, straw. Shak.

STRAY
Stray, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Strayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Straying.] Etym:
[OF. estraier, estraer, to stray, or as adj., stray, fr. (assumed) L.
stratarius roving the streets, fr. L. strata (sc. via) a paved road.
See Street, and Stray, a.]

1. To wander, as from a direct course; to deviate, or go out of the
way.
Thames among the wanton valleys strays. Denham.

2. To wander from company, or from the proper limits; to rove at
large; to roam; to go astray.
Now, until the break of day, Through this house each fairy stray.
Shak.
A sheep doth very often stray. Shak.

3. Figuratively, to wander from the path of duty or rectitude; to
err.
We have erred and strayed from thy ways.
While meaner things, whom instinct leads, Are rarely known to stray.
Cowper.

Syn.
 -- To deviate; err; swerve; rove; roam; wander.

STRAY
Stray, v. t.

Defn: To cause to stray. [Obs.] Shak.

STRAY
Stray, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. estraié, p.p. of estraier. See Stray, v. i.,
and cf. Astray, Estray.]

Defn: Having gone astray; strayed; wandering; as, a strayhorse or
sheep. Stray line (Naut.), that portion of the log line which is
veered from the reel to allow the chip to get clear of the stern
eddies before the glass is turned.
 -- Stray mark (Naut.), the mark indicating the end of the stray
line.

STRAY
Stray, n.

1. Any domestic animal that has an inclosure, or its proper place and
company, and wanders at large, or is lost; an estray. Used also
figuratively.
Seeing him wander about, I took him up for a stray. Dryden.

2. The act of wandering or going astray. [R.] Shak.

STRAYER
Stray"er, n.

Defn: One who strays; a wanderer.

STRE
Stre, n.

Defn: Straw. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STREAK
Streak, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Stretch, Streek.]

Defn: To stretch; to extend; hence, to lay out, as a dead body. [Obs.
or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

STREAK
Streak, n. Etym: [OE. streke; akin to D. streek a line, stroke, G.
strich, AS. strica, Sw. strek, Dan. streg, Goth. stricks, and E.
strike, stroke. See Strike, Stroke, n., and cf. Strake.]

1. A line or long mark of a different color from the ground; a
stripe; a vein.
What mean those colored streaks in heaven Milton.

2. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A strake.

3. (Min.)

Defn: The fine powder or mark yielded by a mineral when scratched or
rubbed against a harder surface, the color of which is sometimes a
distinguishing character.

4. The rung or round of a ladder. [Obs.]

STREAK
Streak, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Streaked; p. pr. & vb. n. Streaking.]

1. To form streaks or stripes in or on; to stripe; to variegate with
lines of a different color, or of different colors.
A mule . . . streaked and dappled with white and black. Sandys.
Now streaked and glowing with the morning red. Prior.

2. With it as an object: To run swiftly. [Colloq.]

STREAKED
Streaked, a.

1. Marked or variegated with stripes.

2. Uncomfortable; out of sorts. [Local, U.S.]

STREAKY
Streak"y, a.

Defn: Same as Streaked, 1. "The streaky west." Cowper.

STREAM
Stream, n. Etym: [AS. streám; akin to OFries. stram, OS. strom, D.
stroom, G. strom, OHG. stroum, str, Dan. & Sw. ström, Icel. straumr,
Ir. sroth, Lith. srove, Russ. struia, Gr. sru. *174. Cf. Catarrh,
Diarrhea, Rheum, Rhythm.]

1. A current water or other fluid; a liquid flowing continuously in a
line or course, either on the earth, as a river, brook, etc., or from
a vessel, reservoir, or fountain; specifically, any course of running
water; as, many streams are blended in the Mississippi; gas and steam
came from the earth in streams; a stream of molten lead from a
furnace; a stream of lava from a volcano.

2. A beam or ray of light. "Sun streams." Chaucer.

3. Anything issuing or moving with continued succession of parts; as,
a stream of words; a stream of sand. "The stream of beneficence."
Atterbury. "The stream of emigration." Macaulay.

4. A continued current or course; as, a stream of weather. "The very
stream of his life." Shak.

5. Current; drift; tendency; series of tending or moving causes; as,
the stream of opinions or manners. Gulf stream. See under Gulf.
 -- Stream anchor, Stream cable. (Naut.) See under Anchor, and Cable.
 -- Stream ice, blocks of ice floating in a mass together in some
definite direction.
 -- Stream tin, particles or masses of tin ore found in alluvial
ground; -- so called because a stream of water is the principal agent
used in separating the ore from the sand and gravel.
 -- Stream works (Cornish Mining), a place where an alluvial deposit
of tin ore is worked. Ure.
 -- To float with the stream, figuratively, to drift with the current
of opinion, custom, etc., so as not to oppose or check it.

Syn.
 -- Current; flow; rush; tide; course.
 -- Stream, Current. These words are often properly interchangeable;
but stream is the broader word, denoting a prevailing onward course.
The stream of the Mississippi rolls steadily on to the Gulf of
Mexico, but there are reflex currents in it which run for a while in
a contrary direction.

STREAM
Stream, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Streamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Streaming.]

1. To issue or flow in a stream; to flow freely or in a current, as a
fluid or whatever is likened to fluids; as, tears streamed from her
eyes.
Beneath those banks where rivers stream. Milton.

2. To pour out, or emit, a stream or streams.
A thousand suns will stream on thee. Tennyson.

3. To issue in a stream of light; to radiate.

4. To extend; to stretch out with a wavy motion; to float in the
wind; as, a flag streams in the wind.

STREAM
Stream, v. t.

Defn: To send forth in a current or stream; to cause to flow; to
pour; as, his eyes streamed tears.
It may so please that she at length will stream Some dew of grace
into my withered heart. Spenser.

2. To mark with colors or embroidery in long tracts.
The herald's mantle is streamed with gold. Bacon.

3. To unfurl. Shak. To stream the buoy. (Naut.) See under Buoy.

STREAM CLOCK
Stream clock. (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the velocity of the blood in a
vessel.

STREAMER
Stream"er, n.

1. An ensign, flag, or pennant, which floats in the wind;
specifically, a long, narrow, ribbonlike flag.
Brave Rupert from afar appears, Whose waving streamers the glad
general knows. Dryden.

3. A stream or column of light shooting upward from the horizon,
constituting one of the forms of the aurora borealis. Macaulay.
While overhead the North's dumb streamers shoot. Lowell.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A searcher for stream tin.

STREAMFUL
Stream"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding in streams, or in water. "The streamful tide."
Drayton.

STREAM GOLD
Stream gold. (Mining)

Defn: Gold in alluvial deposits; placer gold.

STREAMINESS
Stream"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being streamy; a trailing. R. A. Proctor.

STREAMING
Stream"ing, a.

Defn: Sending forth streams.

STREAMING
Stream"ing, n.

1. The act or operation of that which streams; the act of that which
sends forth, or which runs in, streams.

2. (Mining)

Defn: The reduction of stream tin; also, the search for stream tin.

STREAMLESS
Stream"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of streams, or of a stream, as a region of country,
or a dry channel.

STREAMLET
Stream"let, n.

Defn: A small stream; a rivulet; a rill.

STREAM LINE
Stream line.

Defn: The path of a constituent particle of a flowing fluid
undisturbed by eddies or the like.

STREAMLINE
Stream"line`, a.

Defn: Of or pert. to a stream line; designating a motion or flow that
is free from turbulence, like that of a particle in a streamline;
hence, designating a surface, body, etc., that is designed so as to
afford an unbroken flow of a fluid about it, esp. when the resistance
to flow is the least possible; as, a streamline body for an
automobile or airship.

STREAM WHEEL
Stream wheel.

Defn: A wheel used for measuring, by its motion when submerged, the
velocity of flowing water; a current wheel.

STREAMY
Stream"y, a.

1. Abounding with streams, or with running water; streamful.
Arcadia However streamy now, adust and dry, Denied the goddess water.
Prior.

2. Resembling a stream; issuing in a stream.
His nodding helm emits a streamy ray. Pope.

STREE
Stree, n.

Defn: Straw. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STREEK
Streek, v. t.

Defn: To stretch; also, to lay out, as a dead body. See Streak. [Obs.
or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

STREEL
Streel, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Stroll.]

Defn: To trail along; to saunter or be drawn along, carelessly,
swaying in a kind of zigzag motion. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

STREEN
Streen, n.

Defn: See Strene. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STREET
Street, n. Etym: [OE. strete, AS. str, fr. L. strata (sc. via) a
paved way, properly fem. p.p. of sternere, stratum, to spread; akin
to E. strew. See Strew, and cf. Stratum, Stray, v. & a.]

Defn: Originally, a paved way or road; a public highway; now
commonly, a thoroughfare in a city or village, bordered by dwellings
or business houses.
He removed [the body of] Amasa from the street unto the field.
Coverdale.
At home or through the high street passing. Milton.

Note: In an extended sense, street designates besides the roadway,
the walks, houses, shops, etc., which border the thoroughfare.
His deserted mansion in Duke Street. Macaulay.
The street (Broker's Cant), that thoroughfare of a city where the
leading bankers and brokers do business; also, figuratively, those
who do business there; as, the street would not take the bonds.
 -- Street Arab, Street broker, etc. See under Arab, Broker, etc.
 -- Street door, a door which opens upon a street, or is nearest the
street.

Syn.
 -- See Way.

STREETWALKER
Street"walk`er, n.

Defn: A common prostitute who walks the streets to find customers.

STREETWARD
Street"ward`, n.

Defn: An officer, or ward, having the care of the streets. [Obs.]
Cowell.

STREETWARD
Street"ward, a.

Defn: Facing toward the street.
Their little streetward sitting room. Tennyson.

STREIGHT
Streight, a., n., & adv.

Defn: See 2nd Strait. [Obs.]

STREIGHTEN
Streight"en, v. t.

Defn: See Straiten. [Obs.]

STREIN
Strein, v. t.

Defn: To strain. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STREIT
Streit, a. Etym: [See Stretch.]

Defn: Drawn. [Obs.]
Pyrrhus with his streite sword. Chaucer.

STREIT
Streit, a.

Defn: Close; narrow; strict. [Obs.] See Strait.

STREITE
Streite, adv.

Defn: Narrowly; strictly; straitly. [Obs.]

STRELITZ
Strel"itz, n.sing. & pl. Etym: [Russ. strieliéts' a shooter, archer.]

Defn: A soldier of the ancient Muscovite guard or Russian standing
army; also, the guard itself.

STRELITZIA
Stre*litz"i*a, n. Etym: [NL., named after Charlotte, Princess of
Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and queen of George III of Great Britain.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants related to the banana, found at the Cape of
Good Hope. They have rigid glaucous distichous leaves, and peculiar
richly colored flowers.

STRENE
Strene, n. Etym: [OE. stren, streen, streon, AS. gestriénan, gestr,
gestreónan, to beget, to obtain, gestreón gain, wealth; akin to OHG.
striunan to gain. Cf. Strian race, family.]

Defn: Race; offspring; stock; breed; strain. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STRENGER; STRENGEST
Stren"ger, Stren"gest

Defn: , the original compar. & superl. of Strong. [Obs.]
Two of us shall strenger be than one. Chaucer.

STRENGTH
Strength, n. Etym: [OE. strengthe, AS. streng, fr. strang strong. See
Strong.]

1. The quality or state of being strong; ability to do or to bear;
capacity for exertion or endurance, whether physical, intellectual,
or moral; force; vigor; power; as, strength of body or of the arm;
strength of mind, of memory, or of judgment.
All his [Samson's] strength in his hairs were. Chaucer.
Thou must outlive Thy youth, thy strength, thy beauty. Milton.

2. Power to resist force; solidity or toughness; the quality of
bodies by which they endure the application of force without breaking
or yielding; -- in this sense opposed to frangibility; as, the
strength of a bone, of a beam, of a wall, a rope, and the like. "The
brittle strength of bones." Milton.

3. Power of resisting attacks; impregnability. "Our castle's strength
will laugh a siege to scorn." Shak.

4. That quality which tends to secure results; effective power in an
institution or enactment; security; validity; legal or moral force;
logical conclusiveness; as, the strength of social or legal
obligations; the strength of law; the strength of public opinion;
strength of evidence; strength of argument.

5. One who, or that which, is regarded as embodying or affording
force, strength, or firmness; that on which confidence or reliance is
based; support; security.
God is our refuge and strength. Ps. xlvi. 1.
What they boded would be a mischief to us, you are providing shall be
one of our principal strengths. Sprat.
Certainly there is not a greater strength against temptation. Jer.
Taylor.

6. Force as measured; amount, numbers, or power of any body, as of an
army, a navy, and the like; as, what is the strength of the enemy by
land, or by sea

7. Vigor or style; force of expression; nervous diction; -- said of
literary work.
And praise the easy vigor of a life Where Denham's strength and
Waller's sweetness join. Pope.

8. Intensity; -- said of light or color.
Bright Phoebus in his strength. Shak.

9. Intensity or degree of the distinguishing and essential element;
spirit; virtue; excellence; -- said of liquors, solutions, etc.; as,
the strength of wine or of acids.

10. A strong place; a stronghold. [Obs.] Shak. On, or Upon, the
strength of, in reliance upon. "The allies, after a successful
summer, are too apt, upon the strength of it, to neglect their
preparations for the ensuing campaign." Addison.

Syn.
 -- Force; robustness; toughness; hardness; stoutness; brawniness;
lustiness; firmness; puissance; support; spirit; validity; authority.
See Force.

STRENGTH
Strength, v. t.

Defn: To strengthen. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STRENGTHEN
Strength"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Strengthened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Strengthening.]

1. To make strong or stronger; to add strength to; as, to strengthen
a limb, a bridge, an army; to strengthen an obligation; to strengthen
authority.
Let noble Warwick, Cobham, and the rest, . . . With powerful policy
strengthen themselves. Shak.

2. To animate; to encourage; to fix in resolution.
Charge Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him. Deut. iii. 28.

Syn.
 -- To invigorate; confirm; establish; fortify; animate; encourage.

STRENGTHEN
Strength"en, v. i.

Defn: To grow strong or stronger.
The young disease, that must subdue at length, Grows with his growth,
and strengthens with his strength. Pope.

STRENGTHENER
Strength"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, gives or adds strength. Sir W. Temple.

STRENGTHENING
Strength"en*ing, a.

Defn: That strengthens; giving or increasing strength.
 -- Strength"en*ing*ly, adv. Strengthening plaster (Med.), a plaster
containing iron, and supposed to have tonic effects.

STRENGTHFUL
Strength"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding in strength; full of strength; strong.
 -- Strength"ful*ness, n.
Florence my friend, in court my faction Not meanly strengthful.
Marston.

STRENGTHING
Strength"ing, n.

Defn: A stronghold. [Obs.]

STRENGTHLESS
Strength"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of strength. Boyle.

STRENGTHNER
Strength"ner, n.

Defn: See Strengthener.

STRENGTHY
Strength"y, a.

Defn: Having strength; strong. [Obs.]

STRENUITY
Stre*nu"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. strenuatis.]

Defn: Strenuousness; activity. [Obs.] Chapman.

STRENUOUS
Stren"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. strenuus; cf. Gr.

Defn: Eagerly pressing or urgent; zealous; ardent; earnest; bold;
valiant; intrepid; as, a strenuous advocate for national rights; a
strenuous reformer; a strenuous defender of his country.
And spirit-stirring wine, that strenuous makes. Chapman.
Strenuous, continuous labor is pain. I. Taylor.
-- Stren"u*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Stren"u*ous*ness, n.

STREPENT
Strep"ent, a. Etym: [L. strepens, p.pr. of strepere to make a noise.]

Defn: Noisy; loud. [R.] Shenstone.

STREPEROUS
Strep"er*ous, a. Etym: [LL. streperus, fr. L. strepere. See Strepent,
and cf. Obstreperous.]

Defn: Loud; boisterous. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

STREPITORES
Strep`i*to"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. strepitus clamor.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of birds, including the clamatorial and picarian
birds, which do not have well developed singing organs.

STREPSIPTER; STREPSIPTERAN
Strep*sip"ter, Strep*sip"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Strepsiptera.

STREPSIPTERA
Strep*sip"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of small insects having the anterior wings rudimentary,
and in the form of short and slender twisted appendages, while the
posterior ones are large and membranous. They are parasitic in the
larval state on bees, wasps, and the like; -- called also Rhipiptera.
See Illust. under Rhipipter.

STREPSIPTEROUS
Strep*sip"ter*ous, a. Etym: [See Strepsiptera.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Strepsiptera.

STREPSORHINA
Strep`so*rhi"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Lemuroidea.

STREPSORHINE
Strep"so*rhine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having twisted nostrils; -- said of the lemurs.
 -- n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Strepsorhina; a lemur. See Illust. under Monkey.

STREPTOBACTERIA
Strep`to*bac*te"ri*a, n. pl.; sing. Streptobracterium (. Etym: [NL.,
fr. Gr. bacteria.] (Biol.)

Defn: A so-called variety of bacterium, consisting in reality of
several bacteria linked together in the form of a chain.

STREPTOCOCCUS
Strep`to*coc"cus, n.; pl. Streptococci. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A long or short chain of micrococci, more or less curved.

STREPTONEURA
Strep`to*neu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division of gastropod Mollusca in which the loop
or visceral nerves is twisted, and the sexes separate. It is nearly
to equivalent to Prosobranchiata.

STREPTOTHRIX
Strep"to*thrix, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A genus of bacilli occurring of the form of long, smooth and
apparently branched threads, either straight or twisted.

STRESS
Stress, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. distress; or cf. OF. estrecier to
press, pinch, (assumed) LL. strictiare, fr. L. strictus. See
Distress.]

1. Distress. [Obs.]
Sad hersal of his heavy stress. Spenser.

2. Pressure, strain; -- used chiefly of immaterial things; except in
mechanics; hence, urgency; importance; weight; significance.
The faculties of the mind are improved by exercise, yet they must not
be put to a stress beyond their strength. Locke.
A body may as well lay too little as too much stress upon a dream.
L'Estrange.

3. (Mech. & Physics)

Defn: The force, or combination of forces, which produces a strain;
force exerted in any direction or manner between contiguous bodies,
or parts of bodies, and taking specific names according to its
direction, or mode of action, as thrust or pressure, pull or tension,
shear or tangential stress. Rankine.
Stress is the mutual action between portions of matter. Clerk
Maxwell.

4. (Pron.)

Defn: Force of utterance expended upon words or syllables. Stress is
in English the chief element in accent and is one of the most
important in emphasis. See Guide to pronunciation, §§ 31-35.

5. (Scots Law)

Defn: Distress; the act of distraining; also, the thing distrained.
Stress of voice, unusual exertion of the voice.
 -- Stress of weather, constraint imposed by continued bad weather;
as, to be driven back to port by stress of weather.
 -- To lay stress upon, to attach great importance to; to emphasize.
"Consider how great a stress is laid upon this duty." Atterbury.
 -- To put stress upon, or To put to a stress, to strain.

STRESS
Stress, v. t.

1. To press; to urge; to distress; to put to difficulties. [R.]
Spenser.

2. To subject to stress, pressure, or strain.

STRESSFUL
Stress"ful, a.

Defn: Having much stress. Rush.

STRETCH
Stretch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stretched; p. pr. & vb. n. Stretching.]
Etym: [OE. strecchen, AS. streccan; akin to D. strekken, G. strecken,
OHG. strecchen, Sw. sträcka, Dan. strække; cf. AS. stræck, strec,
strong, violent, G. strack straight; of uncertain origin, perhaps
akin to E. strong. Cf. Straight.]

1. To reach out; to extend; to put forth.
And stretch forth his neck long and small. Chaucer.
I in conquest stretched mine arm. Shak.

2. To draw out to the full length; to cause to extend in a straight
line; as, to stretch a cord or rope.

3. To cause to extend in breadth; to spread; to expand; as, to
stretch cloth; to stretch the wings.

4. To make tense; to tighten; to distend forcibly.
The ox hath therefore stretched his yoke in vain. Shak.

5. To draw or pull out to greater length; to strain; as, to stretch a
tendon or muscle.
Awake, my soul, stretch every nerve. Doddridge.

6. To exaggerate; to extend too far; as, to stretch the truth; to
stretch one's credit.
They take up, one day, the most violent and stretched prerogative.
Burke.

STRETCH
Stretch, v. i.

1. To be extended; to be drawn out in length or in breadth, or both;
to spread; to reach; as, the iron road stretches across the
continent; the lake stretches over fifty square miles.
As far as stretcheth any ground. Gower.

2. To extend or spread one's self, or one's limbs; as, the lazy man
yawns and stretches.

3. To be extended, or to bear extension, without breaking, as elastic
or ductile substances.
The inner membrane . . . because it would stretch and yield, remained
umbroken. Boyle.

4. To strain the truth; to exaggerate; as, a man apt to stretch in
his report of facts. [Obs. or Colloq.]

5. (Naut.)

Defn: To sail by the wind under press of canvas; as, the ship
stretched to the eastward. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Stretch out, an order to
rowers to extend themselves forward in dipping the oar.

STRETCH
Stretch, n.

1. Act of stretching, or state of being stretched; reach; effort;
struggle; strain; as, a stretch of the limbs; a stretch of the
imagination.
By stretch of arms the distant shore to gain. Dryden.
Those put a lawful authority upon the stretch, to the abuse of yower,
under the color of prerogative. L'Estrange.

2. A continuous line or surface; a continuous space of time; as,
grassy stretches of land.
A great stretch of cultivated country. W. Black.
But all of them left me a week at a stretch. E. Eggleston.

3. The extent to which anything may be stretched.
Quotations, in their utmost stretch, can signify no more than that
Luther lay under severe agonies of mind. Atterbury.
This is the utmost stretch that nature can. Granville.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: The reach or extent of a vessel's progress on one tack; a tack
or board.

5. Course; direction; as, the stretch of seams of coal. To be on the
stretch, to be obliged to use one's utmost powers.
 -- Home stretch. See under Home, a.

STRETCHER
Stretch"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, stretches.

2. (Masonry)

Defn: A brick or stone laid with its longer dimension in the line of
direction of the wall. Gwilt.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A piece of timber used in building.

4. (Naut.)
(a) A narrow crosspiece of the bottom of a boat against which a rower
braces his feet.
(b) A crosspiece placed between the sides of a boat to keep them
apart when hoisted up and griped. Dana.

5. A litter, or frame, for carrying disabled, wounded, or dead
persons.

6. An overstretching of the truth; a lie. [Slang]

7. One of the rods in an umbrella, attached at one end to one of the
ribs, and at the other to the tube sliding upon the handle.

8. An instrument for stretching boots or gloves.

9. The frame upon which canvas is stretched for a painting.

STRETCHING
Stretch"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Stretch, v. Stretching course (Masonry), a course or
series of stretchers. See Stretcher, 2. Britton.

STRETTO
Stret"to, n. Etym: [It., close or contacted, pressed.] (Mus.)
(a) The crowding of answer upon subject near the end of a fugue.
(b) In an opera or oratorio, a coda, or winding up, in an accelerated
time. [Written also stretta.]

STREW
Strew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Strewed; p. p. strewn; p. pr. & vb. n.
Strewing.] Etym: [OE. strewen, strawen, AS. strewian, streówian; akin
to Ofries. strewa, OS. strewian, D. strooijen, G. streuen, OHG.
strewen, Icel. stra, Sw. strö, Dan. ströe, Goth. straujan, L.
sternere, stratum, Gr. st. *166. Cf. Stratum, Straw, Street.]

1. To scatter; to spread by scattering; to cast or to throw loosely
apart; -- used of solids, separated or separable into parts or
particles; as, to strew seed in beds; to strew sand on or over a
floor; to strew flowers over a grave.
And strewed his mangled limbs about the field. Dryden.
On a principal table a desk was open and many papers [were] strewn
about. Beaconsfield.

2. To cover more or less thickly by scattering something over or
upon; to cover, or lie upon, by having been scattered; as, they
strewed the ground with leaves; leaves strewed the ground.
The snow which does the top of Pindus strew. Spenser.
Is thine alone the seed that strews the plain Pope.

3. To spread abroad; to disseminate.
She may strew dangerous conjectures. Shak.

STREWING
Strew"ing, n.

1. The act of scattering or spreading.

2. Anything that is, or may be, strewed; -- used chiefly in the
plural. Shak.

STREWMENT
Strew"ment, n.

Defn: Anything scattered, as flowers for decoration. [Obs.] Shak.

STREWN
Strewn,

Defn: p. p. of Strew.

STRIA
Stri"a, n.; pl. Striæ. Etym: [L., a furrow, channel, hollow.]

1. A minute groove, or channel; a threadlike line, as of color; a
narrow structural band or line; a striation; as, the striæ, or
groovings, produced on a rock by a glacier passing over it; the striæ
on the surface of a shell; a stria of nervous matter in the brain.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A fillet between the flutes of columns, pilasters, or the like.
Oxf. Gloss.

STRIATE
Stri"ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Striated; p. pr. & vb. n. Striating.]
Etym: [See Striate, a.]

Defn: To mark with striaæ. "Striated longitudinally." Owen.

STRIATE; STRIATED
Stri"ate, Stri"a*ted, a. Etym: [L. striatus, p.p. of striare to
furnish with channels, from stria a channel.]

Defn: Marked with striaæ, or fine grooves, or lines of color; showing
narrow structural bands or lines; as, a striated crystal; striated
muscular fiber.

STRIATION
Stri*a"tion, n.

1. The quality or condition of being striated.

2. A stria; as, the striations on a shell.

STRIATUM
Stri*a"tum, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: The corpus striatum.

STRIATURE
Stri"a*ture, n. Etym: [L. striatura.]

Defn: A stria.

STRICH
Strich, n. Etym: [Cf. L. strix, strigs, a streech owl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An owl. [Obs.] Spenser.

STRICK
Strick, n.

Defn: A bunch of hackled flax prepared for drawing into slivers.
Knight.

STRICKEN
Strick"en, p. p. & a. from Strike.

1. Struck; smitten; wounded; as, the stricken deer.

Note: [See Strike, n.]

2. Worn out; far gone; advanced. See Strike, v. t., 21.
Abraham was old and well stricken in age. Gen. xxiv. 1.

3. Whole; entire; -- said of the hour as marked by the striking of a
clock. [Scot.]
He persevered for a stricken hour in such a torrent of unnecessary
tattle. Sir W. Scott.
Speeches are spoken by the stricken hour, day after day, week,
perhaps, after week. Bayne.

STRICKLE
Stric"kle, n. Etym: [See Strike.]

1. An instrument to strike grain to a level with the measure; a
strike.

2. An instrument for whetting scythes; a rifle.

3. (Founding)

Defn: An instrument used for smoothing the surface of a core.

4. (Carp. & Mason.)

Defn: A templet; a pattern.

5. An instrument used in dressing flax. [Prov. Eng.]

STRICKLER
Stric"kler, n.

Defn: See Strickle.

STRICKLESS
Strick"less, n.

Defn: See Strickle. [Prov. Eng.]

STRICT
Strict, a. [Compar. Stricter; superl. Strictest.] Etym: [L. strictus,
p.p. of stringere to draw or bind tight, to strain. See Strain, and
cf. Strait, a.]

1. Strained; drawn close; tight; as, a strict embrace; a strict
ligature. Dryden.

2. Tense; not relaxed; as, a strict fiber.

3. Exact; accurate; precise; rigorously nice; as, to keep strict
watch; to pay strict attention. Shak.
It shall be still in strictest measure. Milton.

4. Governed or governing by exact rules; observing exact rules;
severe; rigorous; as, very strict in observing the Sabbath. "Through
the strict senteries." Milton.

5. Rigidly; interpreted; exactly limited; confined; restricted; as,
to understand words in a strict sense.

6. (Bot.)

Defn: Upright, or straight and narrow; -- said of the shape of the
plants or their flower clusters.

Syn.
 -- Exact; accurate; nice; close; rigorous; severe.
 -- Strict, Severe. Strict, applied to a person, denotes that he
conforms in his motives and acts to a principle or code by which he
is bound; severe is strict with an implication often, but not always,
of harshness. Strict is opposed to lax; severe is opposed to gentle.
And rules as strict his labored work confine, As if the Stagirite
o'erlooked each line. Pope.
Soon moved with touch of blame, thus Eve: -"What words have passed
thy lips, Adam severe!" Milton.
The Strict Observance, or Friars of the Strict Observance. (R. C.
Ch.) See Observance.

STRICTION
Stric"tion, n. Etym: [L. strictio. See Stringent.]

Defn: The act of constricting, or the state of being constricted.
Line of striction (Geom.), the line on a skew surface that cuts each
generator in that point of it that is nearest to the succeeding
generator.

STRICTLY
Strict"ly, adv.

Defn: In a strict manner; closely; precisely.

STRICTNESS
Strict"ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being strict.

STRICTURE
Stric"ture, n. Etym: [L. strictura a contraction, from stringere,
strictum, to draw tight: cf. F. stricture. See Strict.]

1. Strictness. [Obs.]
A man of stricture and firm abstinence. Shak.

2. A stroke; a glance; a touch. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

3. A touch of adverse criticism; censure.
[I have] given myself the liberty of these strictures by way of
reflection on all and every passage. Hammond.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A localized morbid contraction of any passage of the body. Cf.
Organic stricture, and Spasmodic stricture, under Organic, and
Spasmodic. Arbuthnot.

STRICTURED
Stric"tured, a. (Med.)

Defn: Affected with a stricture; as, a strictured duct.

STRID
Strid, n. Etym: [See Stride.]

Defn: A narrow passage between precipitous rocks or banks, which
looks as if it might be crossed at a stride. [Prov. Eng.] Howitt.
This striding place is called the Strid. Wordsworth.

STRIDE
Stride, v. t. [imp. Strode (Obs. Strid (); p. p. Stridden (Obs.
Strid); p. pr. & vb. n. Striding.] Etym: [AS. stridan to stride, to
strive; akin to LG. striden, OFries. strida to strive, D. strijden to
strive, to contend, G. streiten, OHG. stritan; of uncertain origin.
Cf. Straddle.]

1. To walk with long steps, especially in a measured or pompous
manner.
Mars in the middle of the shining shield Is graved, and strides along
the liquid field. Dryden.

2. To stand with the legs wide apart; to straddle.

STRIDE
Stride, v. t.

1. To pass over at a step; to step over. "A debtor that not dares to
stride a limit." Shak.

2. To straddle; to bestride.
I mean to stride your steed. Shak.

STRIDE
Stride, n.

Defn: The act of stridding; a long step; the space measured by a long
step; as, a masculine stride. Pope.
God never meant that man should scale the heavens By strides of human
wisdom. Cowper.

STRIDENT
Stri"dent, a. Etym: [L. stridens, -entis, p.pr. of stridere to make a
grating or creaking noise.]

Defn: Characterized by harshness; grating; shrill. "A strident
voice." Thackeray.

STRIDOR
Stri"dor, n. Etym: [L., from stridere to make any harsh, grating, or
creaking sound.]

Defn: A harsh, shrill, or creaking noise. Dryden.

STRIDULATE
Strid"u*late, v. t. Etym: [See Stridulous.]

Defn: To make a shrill, creaking noise; specifically (Zoöl.),

Defn: to make a shrill or musical sound, such as is made by the males
of many insects.

STRIDULATION
Strid`u*la"tion, n.

Defn: The act of stridulating. Specifically: (Zoöl.)
(a) The act of making shrill sounds or musical notes by rubbing
together certain hard parts, as is done by the males of many insects,
especially by Orthoptera, such as crickets, grasshoppers, and
locusts.
(b) The noise itself.

Note: The crickets stridulate by rubbing together the strong nervures
of the fore wings. Many grasshoppers stridulate by rubbing the hind
legs across strong nervures on the fore wings. The green grasshoppers
and katydids stridulate by means of special organs at the base of the
fore wings.

STRIDULATOR
Strid"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: That which stridulates. Darwin.

STRIDULATORY
Strid"u*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Stridulous; able to stridulate; used in stridulating; adapted
for stridulation. Darwin.

STRIDULOUS
Strid"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. stridulus. See Strident.]

Defn: Making a shrill, creaking sound. Sir T. Browne.
The Sarmatian boor driving his stridulous cart. Longfellow.
Stridulous laryngitis (Med.), a form of croup, or laryngitis, in
children, associated with dyspnoea, occurring usually at night, and
marked by crowing or stridulous breathing.

STRIFE
Strife, n. Etym: [OF. estrif. See Strive.]

1. The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [Archaic] Shak.

2. Exertion or contention for superiority; contest of emulation,
either by intellectual or physical efforts.
Doting about questions and strifes of words. 1 Tim. vi. 4.
Thus gods contended -- noble strife -Who most should ease the wants
of life. Congreve.

3. Altercation; violent contention; fight; battle.
Twenty of them fought in this black strife. Shak.
These vows, thus granted, raised a strife above Betwixt the god of
war and queen of love. Dryden.

4. That which is contended against; occasion of contest. [Obs.]
"Lamenting her unlucky strife." Spenser.

Syn.
 -- Contest; struggle; quarrel. See Contention.

STRIFEFUL
Strife"ful, a.

Defn: Contentious; discordant.
The ape was strifeful and ambitious. Spenser.

STRIGATE
Stri"gate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having transverse bands of color.

STRIGES
Stri"ges, n. pl. Etym: [L., pl. of strix a streech owl; cf. Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The tribe of birds which comprises the owls.

STRIGIL
Strig"il, n. Etym: [L. strigilis, from stringere to graze, scrape.]
(Gr. & Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An instrument of metal, ivory, etc., used for scraping the skin
at the bath.

STRIGILLOSE
Strig"il*lose`, a. Etym: [Dim. fr. strigose.] (Bot.)

Defn: Set with stiff, slender bristles.

STRIGINE
Stri"gine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to owls; owl-like.

STRIGMENT
Strig"ment, n. Etym: [L. strigmentum.]

Defn: Scraping; that which is scraped off. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

STRIGOSE
Stri*gose", a. Etym: [Cf. F. strigueux. See Strigil.] (Bot.)

Defn: Set with stiff, straight bristles; hispid; as, a strigose leaf.

STRIGOUS
Stri"gous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Strigose. [R.]

STRIKE
Strike, v. t. [imp. Struck; p. p. Struck, Stricken ( (Stroock (,
Strucken (, Obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Striking. Struck is more commonly
used in the p.p. than stricken.] Etym: [OE. striken to strike,
proceed, flow, AS. strican to go, proceed, akin to D. strijken to
rub, stroke, strike, to move, go, G. streichen, OHG. strihhan, L.
stringere to touch lightly, to graze, to strip off (but perhaps not
to L. stringere in sense to draw tight), striga a row, a furrow. Cf.
Streak, Stroke.]

1. To touch or hit with some force, either with the hand or with an
instrument; to smite; to give a blow to, either with the hand or with
any instrument or missile.
He at Philippi kept His sword e'en like a dancer; while I struck The
lean and wrinkled Cassius. Shak.

2. To come in collision with; to strike against; as, a bullet struck
him; the wave struck the boat amidships; the ship struck a reef.

3. To give, as a blow; to impel, as with a blow; to give a force to;
to dash; to cast.
They shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two sideposts. Ex.
xii. 7.
Who would be free, themselves must strike the blow. Byron.

4. To stamp or impress with a stroke; to coin; as, to strike coin
from metal: to strike dollars at the mint.

5. To thrust in; to cause to enter or penetrate; to set in the earth;
as, a tree strikes its roots deep.

6. To punish; to afflict; to smite.
To punish the just is not good, nor strike princes for equity. Prov.
xvii. 26.

7. To cause to sound by one or more beats; to indicate or notify by
audible strokes; as, the clock strikes twelve; the drums strike up a
march.

8. To lower; to let or take down; to remove; as, to strike sail; to
strike a flag or an ensign, as in token of surrender; to strike a
yard or a topmast in a gale; to strike a tent; to strike the
centering of an arch.

9. To make a sudden impression upon, as by a blow; to affect sensibly
with some strong emotion; as, to strike the mind, with surprise; to
strike one with wonder, alarm, dread, or horror.
Nice works of art strike and surprise us most on the first view.
Atterbury.
They please as beauties, here as wonders strike. Pope.

10. To affect in some particular manner by a sudden impression or
impulse; as, the plan proposed strikes me favorably; to strike one
dead or blind.
How often has stricken you dumb with his irony! Landor.

11. To cause or produce by a stroke, or suddenly, as by a stroke; as,
to strike a light.
Waving wide her myrtle wand, She strikes a universal peace through
sea and land. Milton.

12. To cause to ignite; as, to strike a match.

13. To make and ratify; as, to strike a bargain.

Note: Probably borrowed from the L. foedus ferrire, to strike a
compact, so called because an animal was struck and killed as a
sacrifice on such occasions.

14. To take forcibly or fraudulently; as, to strike money. [Old
Slang]

15. To level, as a measure of grain, salt, or the like, by scraping
off with a straight instrument what is above the level of the top.

16. (Masonry)

Defn: To cut off, as a mortar joint, even with the face of the wall,
or inward at a slight angle.

17. To hit upon, or light upon, suddenly; as, my eye struck a strange
word; they soon struck the trail.

18. To borrow money of; to make a demand upon; as, he struck a friend
for five dollars. [Slang]

19. To lade into a cooler, as a liquor. B. Edwards.

20. To stroke or pass lightly; to wave.
Behold, I thought, He will . . . strike his hand over the place, and
recover the leper. 2 Kings v. 11.

21. To advance; to cause to go forward; -- used only in past
participle. "Well struck in years." Shak. To strike an attitude, To
strike a balance. See under Attitude, and Balance.
 -- To strike a jury (Law), to constitute a special jury ordered by a
court, by each party striking out a certain number of names from a
prepared list of jurors, so as to reduce it to the number of persons
required by law. Burrill.
 -- To strike a lead. (a) (Mining) To find a vein of ore. (b) Fig.:
To find a way to fortune. [Colloq.] -- To strike a ledger, or an
account, to balance it.
 -- To strike hands with. (a) To shake hands with. Halliwell. (b) To
make a compact or agreement with; to agree with.
 -- To strike off. (a) To erase from an account; to deduct; as, to
strike off the interest of a debt. (b) (Print.) To impress; to print;
as, to strike off a thousand copies of a book. (c) To separate by a
blow or any sudden action; as, to strike off what is superfluous or
corrupt.
 -- To strike oil, to find petroleum when boring for it;
figuratively, to make a lucky hit financially. [Slang, U.S.] -- To
strike one luck, to shake hands with one and wish good luck. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
 -- To strike out. (a) To produce by collision; to force out, as, to
strike out sparks with steel. (b) To blot out; to efface; to erase.
"To methodize is as necessary as to strike out." Pope. (c) To form by
a quick effort; to devise; to invent; to contrive, as, to strike out
a new plan of finance. (d) (Baseball) To cause a player to strike
out; -- said of the pitcher. See To strike out, under Strike, v. i.
 -- To strike sail. See under Sail.
 -- To strike up. (a) To cause to sound; to begin to beat. "Strike up
the drums." Shak. (b) To begin to sing or play; as, to strike up a
tune. (c) To raise (as sheet metal), in making diahes, pans, etc., by
blows or pressure in a die.
 -- To strike work, to quit work; to go on a strike.

STRIKE
Strike, v. i.

Defn: To move; to advance; to proceed; to take a course; as, to
strike into the fields.
A mouse . . . struck forth sternly [bodily]. Piers Plowman.

2. To deliver a quick blow or thrust; to give blows.
And fiercely took his trenchant blade in hand, With which he stroke
so furious and so fell. Spenser.
Strike now, or else the iron cools. Shak.

3. To hit; to collide; to dush; to clash; as, a hammer strikes
against the bell of a clock.

4. To sound by percussion, with blows, or as with blows; to be
struck; as, the clock strikes.
A deep sound strikes like a rising knell. Byron.

5. To make an attack; to aim a blow.
A puny subject strikes At thy great glory. Shak.
Struck for throne, and striking found his doom. Tennyson.

6. To touch; to act by appulse.
Hinder light but from striking on it [porphyry], and its colors
vanish. Locke.

7. To run upon a rock or bank; to be stranded; as, the ship struck in
the night.

8. To pass with a quick or strong effect; to dart; to penetrate.
Till a dart strike through his liver. Prov. vii. 23.
Now and then a glittering beam of wit or passion strikes through the
obscurity of the poem. Dryden.

9. To break forth; to commence suddenly; -- with into; as, to strike
into reputation; to strike into a run.

10. To lower a flag, or colors, in token of respect, or to signify a
surrender of a ship to an enemy.
That the English ships of war should not strike in the Danish seas.
Bp. Burnet.

11. To quit work in order to compel an increase, or prevent a
reduction, of wages.

12. To become attached to something; -- said of the spat of oysters.

13. To steal money. [Old Slang, Eng.] Nares. To strike at, to aim a
blow at.
 -- To strike for, to start suddenly on a course for.
 -- To strike home, to give a blow which reaches its object, to
strike with effect.
 -- To strike in. (a) To enter suddenly. (b) To disappear from the
surface, with internal effects, as an eruptive disease. (c) To come
in suddenly; to interpose; to interrupt. "I proposed the embassy of
Constantinople for Mr. Henshaw, but my Lord Winchelsea struck in."
Evelyn. (d) To join in after another has begun,as in singing.
 -- To strike in with, to conform to; to suit itself to; to side
with, to join with at once. "To assert this is to strike in with the
known enemies of God's grace." South. To strike out. (a) To start; to
wander; to make a sudden excursion; as, to strike out into an
irregular course of life. (b) To strike with full force. (c)
(Baseball) To be put out for not hitting the ball during one's turn
at the bat.
 -- To strike up, to commence to play as a musician; to begin to
sound, as an instrument. "Whilst any trump did sound, or drum struck
up." Shak.

STRIKE
Strike, n.

1. The act of striking.

2. An instrument with a straight edge for leveling a measure of
grain, salt, and the like, scraping off what is above the level of
the top; a strickle.

3. A bushel; four pecks. [Prov. Eng.] Tusser.

4. An old measure of four bushels. [Prov. Eng.]

5. Fullness of measure; hence, excellence of quality.
Three hogsheads of ale of the first strike. Sir W. Scott.

6. An iron pale or standard in a gate or fence. [Obs.]

7. The act of quitting work; specifically, such an act by a body of
workmen, done as a means of enforcing compliance with demands made on
their employer.
Strikes are the insurrections of labor. F. A. Walker.

8. (Iron Working)

Defn: A puddler's stirrer.

9. (Geol.)

Defn: The horizontal direction of the outcropping edges of tilted
rocks; or, the direction of a horizontal line supposed to be drawn on
the surface of a tilted stratum. It is at right angles to the dip.

10. The extortion of money, or the attempt to extort money, by threat
of injury; blackmailing. Strike block (Carp.), a plane shorter than a
jointer, used for fitting a short joint. Moxon.
 -- Strike of flax, a handful that may be hackled at once. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.] Chaucer.
 -- Strike of sugar. (Sugar Making) (a) The act of emptying the
teache, or last boiler, in which the cane juice is exposed to heat,
into the coolers. (b) The quantity of the sirup thus emptied at once.

STRIKER
Strik"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, strikes; specifically, a blacksmith's
helper who wieds the sledge.

2. A harpoon; also, a harpooner.
Wherever we come to an anchor, we always send out our strikers, and
put out hooks and lines overboard, to try fish. Dampier.

3. A wencher; a lewd man. [Obs.] Massinger.

4. A workman who is on a strike.

5. A blackmailer in politics; also, one whose political influence can
be bought. [Political Cant]

STRIKING
Strik"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Strike, v. Striking distance, the distance through
which an object can be reached by striking; the distance at which a
force is effective when directed to a particular object.
 -- Striking plate. (a) The plate against which the latch of a door
lock strikes as the door is closed. (b) A part of the centering of an
arch, which is driven back to loosen the centering in striking it.

STRIKING
Strik"ing, a.

Defn: Affecting with strong emotions; surprising; forcible;
impressive; very noticeable; as, a striking representation or image;
a striking resemblance. "A striking fact." De Quincey.
 -- Strik"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Strik"ing*ness, n.

STRIKLE
Strik"le, n.

Defn: See Strickle.

STRING
String, n. Etym: [OE. string, streng, AS. streng; akin to D. streng,
G. strang, Icel. strengr, Sw. sträng, Dan. stræng; probably from the
adj., E. strong (see Strong); or perhaps originally meaning, twisted,
and akin to E. strangle.]

1. A small cord, a line, a twine, or a slender strip of leather, or
other substance, used for binding together, fastening, or tying
things; a cord, larger than a thread and smaller than a rope; as, a
shoe string; a bonnet string; a silken string. Shak.
Round Ormond's knee thou tiest the mystic string. Prior.

2. A thread or cord on which a number of objects or parts are strung
or arranged in close and orderly succession; hence, a line or series
of things arranged on a thread, or as if so arranged; a succession; a
concatenation; a chain; as, a string of shells or beads; a string of
dried apples; a string of houses; a string of arguments. "A string of
islands." Gibbon.

3. A strip, as of leather, by which the covers of a book are held
together. Milton.

4. The cord of a musical instrument, as of a piano, harp, or violin;
specifically (pl.), the stringed instruments of an orchestra, in
distinction from the wind instruments; as, the strings took up the
theme. "An instrument of ten strings." Ps. xxx. iii. 2.
Me softer airs befit, and softer strings Of lute, or viol still.
Milton.

5. The line or cord of a bow. Ps. xi. 2.
He twangs the grieving string. Pope.

6. A fiber, as of a plant; a little, fibrous root.
Duckweed putteth forth a little string into the water, from the
bottom. Bacon.

7. A nerve or tendon of an animal body.
The string of his tongue was loosed. Mark vii. 35.

8. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: An inside range of ceiling planks, corresponding to the sheer
strake on the outside and bolted to it.

9. (Bot.)

Defn: The tough fibrous substance that unites the valves of the
pericap of leguminous plants, and which is readily pulled off; as,
the strings of beans.

10. (Mining)

Defn: A small, filamentous ramification of a metallic vein. Ure.

11. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Stringcourse.

12. (Billiards)

Defn: The points made in a game. String band (Mus.), a band of
musicians using only, or chiefly, stringed instruments.
 -- String beans. (a) A dish prepared from the unripe pods of several
kinds of beans; -- so called because the strings are stripped off.
(b) Any kind of beans in which the pods are used for cooking before
the seeds are ripe; usually, the low bush bean.
 -- To have two strings to one's bow, to have a means or expedient in
reserve in case the one employed fails.

STRING
String, v. t. [imp. Strung; p. p. Strung (R. Stringed); p. pr. & vb.
n. Stringing.]

1. To furnish with strings; as, to string a violin.
Has not wise nature strung the legs and feet With firmest nerves,
designed to walk the street Gay.

2. To put in tune the strings of, as a stringed instrument, in order
to play upon it.
For here the Muse so oft her harp has strung, That not a mountain
rears its head unsung. Addison.

3. To put on a string; to file; as, to string beads.

4. To make tense; to strengthen.
Toil strung the nerves, and purified the blood. Dryden.

5. To deprive of strings; to strip the strings from; as, to string
beans. See String, n., 9.

STRINGBOARD
String"board`, n.

Defn: Same as Stringpiece.

STRINGCOURSE
String"course`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A horizontal band in a building, forming a part of the design,
whether molded, projecting, or carved, or in any way distinguished
from the rest of the work.

STRINGED
Stringed, a.

1. Having strings; as, a stringed instrument. Ps. cl. 4.

2. Produced by strings. "Answering the stringed noise." Milton.

STRINGENCY
Strin"gen*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being stringent.

STRINGENDO
Strin"gen*do, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Urging or hastening the time, as to a climax.

STRINGENT
Strin"gent, a. Etym: [L. stringens, -entis, p.pr. of stringere to
draw or bind tight. See Strain.]

Defn: Binding strongly; making strict requirements; restrictive;
rigid; severe; as, stringent rules.
They must be subject to a sharper penal code, and to a more stringent
code of procedure. Macaulay.
-- Strin"gent*ly, adv.
 -- Strin"gent*ness, n.

STRINGER
String"er, n.

1. One who strings; one who makes or provides strings, especially for
bows.
Be content to put your trust in honest stringers. Ascham.

2. A libertine; a wencher. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

3. (Railroad)

Defn: A longitudinal sleeper.

4. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A streak of planking carried round the inside of a vessel on
the under side of the beams.

5. (Carp.)

Defn: A long horizontal timber to connect uprights in a frame, or to
support a floor or the like.

STRINGHALT
String"halt`, n. (Far.)

Defn: An habitual sudden twitching of the hinder leg of a horse, or
an involuntary or convulsive contraction of the muscles that raise
the hock. [Written also springhalt.]

STRINGINESS
String"i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being stringy.

STRINGLESS
String"less, a.

Defn: Having no strings.
His tongue is now a stringless instrument. Shak.

STRINGPIECE
String"piece`, n. (Arch.)
(a) A long piece of timber, forming a margin or edge of any piece of
construction; esp.:
(b) One of the longitudinal pieces, supporting the treads and rises
of a flight or run of stairs.

STRINGY
String"y, a.

1. Consisting of strings, or small threads; fibrous; filamentous; as,
a stringy root.

2. Capable of being drawn into a string, as a glutinous substance;
ropy; viscid; gluely. Stringy bark (Bot.), a name given in Australia
to several trees of the genus Eucalyptus (as E. amygdalina, obliqua,
capitellata, macrorhyncha, piperita, pilularis, and tetradonta),
which have a fibrous bark used by the aborigines for making cordage
and cloth.

STRIP
Strip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stripped; p. pr. & vb. n. Stripping.]
Etym: [OE. stripen, strepen, AS. str in bestr to plunder; akin to D.
stroopen, MHG. stroufen, G. streifen.]

1. To deprive; to bereave; to make destitute; to plunder; especially,
to deprive of a covering; to skin; to peel; as, to strip a man of his
possession, his rights, his privileges, his reputation; to strip one
of his clothes; to strip a beast of his skin; to strip a tree of its
bark.
And strippen her out of her rude array. Chaucer.
They stripped Joseph out of his coat. Gen. xxxvii. 23.
Opinions which . . . no clergyman could have avowed without imminent
risk of being stripped of his gown. Macaulay.

2. To divest of clothing; to uncover.
Before the folk herself strippeth she. Chaucer.
Strip your sword stark naked. Shak.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: To dismantle; as, to strip a ship of rigging, spars, etc.

4. (Agric.)

Defn: To pare off the surface of, as land, in strips.

5. To deprive of all milk; to milk dry; to draw the last milk from;
hence, to milk with a peculiar movement of the hand on the teats at
the last of a milking; as, to strip a cow.

6. To pass; to get clear of; to outstrip. [Obs.]
When first they stripped the Malean promontory. Chapman.
Before he reached it he was out of breath, And then the other
stripped him. Beau. & Fl.

7. To pull or tear off, as a covering; to remove; to wrest away; as,
to strip the skin from a beast; to strip the bark from a tree; to
strip the clothes from a man's back; to strip away all disguisses.
To strip bad habits from a corrupted heart, is stripping off the
skin. Gilpin.

8. (Mach.)
(a) To tear off (the thread) from a bolt or nut; as, the thread is
stripped.
(b) To tear off the thread from (a bolt or nut); as, the bolt is
stripped.

9. To remove the metal coating from (a plated article), as by acids
or electrolytic action.

10. (Carding)

Defn: To remove fiber, flock, or lint from; -- said of the teeth of a
card when it becomes partly clogged.

11. To pick the cured leaves from the stalks of (tobacco) and tie
them into "hands"; to remove the midrib from (tobacco leaves).

STRIP
Strip, v. i.

1. To take off, or become divested of, clothes or covering; to
undress.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: To fail in the thread; to lose the thread, as a bolt, screw, or
nut. See Strip, v. t., 8.

STRIP
Strip, n.

1. A narrow piece, or one comparatively long; as, a strip of cloth; a
strip of land.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A trough for washing ore.

3. (Gunnery)

Defn: The issuing of a projectile from a rifled gun without acquiring
the spiral motion. Farrow.

STRIPE
Stripe, n. Etym: [OD. strijpe a stripe, streak; akin to LG. stripe,
D. streep, Dan. stribe, G. strief, striefen, MHG. striefen to glide,
march.]

1. A line, or long, narrow division of anything of a different color
or structure from the ground; hence, any linear variation of color or
structure; as, a stripe, or streak, of red on a green ground; a
raised stripe.

2. (Weaving)

Defn: A pattern produced by arranging the warp threads in sets of
alternating colors, or in sets presenting some other contrast of
appearance.

3. A strip, or long, narrow piece attached to something of a
different color; as, a red or blue stripe sewed upon a garment.

4. A stroke or blow made with a whip, rod, scourge, or the like, such
as usually leaves a mark.
Forty stripes he may give him, and not exceed. Deut. xxv. 3.

5. A long, narrow discoloration of the skin made by the blow of a
lash, rod, or the like.
Cruelty marked him with inglorious stripes. Thomson.

6. Color indicating a party or faction; hence, distinguishing
characteristic; sign; likeness; sort; as, persons of the same
political stripe. [Colloq. U.S.]

7. pl. (Mil.)

Defn: The chevron on the coat of a noncommissioned officer. Stars and
Stripes. See under Star, n.

STRIPE
Stripe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Striped; p. pr. & vb. n. Striping.]

1. To make stripes upon; to form with lines of different colors or
textures; to variegate with stripes.

2. To strike; to lash. [R.]

STRIPED
Striped, a.

Defn: Having stripes of different colors; streaked. Striped bass.
(Zoöl.) See under Bass.
 -- Striped maple (Bot.), a slender American tree (Acer
Pennsylvanicum) with finely striped bark. Called also striped
dogwood, and moosewood.
 -- Striped mullet. (Zoöl.) See under Mullet, 2.
 -- Striped snake (Zoöl.), the garter snake.
 -- Striped squirrel (Zoöl.), the chipmunk.

STRIP-LEAF
Strip"-leaf`, n.

Defn: Tobacco which has been stripped of its stalks before packing.

STRIPLING
Strip"ling, n. Etym: [Dim. of strip; as if a small strip from the
main stock or steam.]

Defn: A youth in the state of adolescence, or just passing from
boyhood to manhood; a lad.
Inquire thou whose son the stripling is. 1 Sam. xvii. 56.

STRIPPER
Strip"per, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, strips; specifically, a machine for
stripping cards.

STRIPPET
Strip"pet, n. Etym: [Dim. of strip.]

Defn: A small stream. [Obs.] "A little brook or strippet." Holinshed.

STRIPPING
Strip"ping, n.

1. The act of one who strips.
The mutual bows and courtesies . . . are remants of the original
prostrations and strippings of the captive. H. Spencer.
Never were cows that required such stripping. Mrs. Gaskell.

2. pl.

Defn: The last milk drawn from a cow at a milking.

STRISORES
Stri*so"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL.; cf. L. stridere to creak, whiz,
buzz.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of passerine birds including the humming birds,
swifts, and goatsuckers. It is now generally considered an artificial
group.

STRIVE
Strive, v. i. [imp. Strove; p. p. Striven (Rarely, Strove); p. pr. &
vb. n. Striving.] Etym: [OF. estriver; of Teutonic origin, and akin
to G. streben, D. streven, Dan. stræbe, Sw. sträfva. Cf. Strife.]

1. To make efforts; to use exertions; to endeavor with earnestness;
to labor hard.
Was for this his ambition strove To equal Cæsar first, and after,
Jove Cowley.

2. To struggle in opposition; to be in contention or dispute; to
contend; to contest; -- followed by against or with before the person
or thing opposed; as, strive against temptation; strive for the
truth. Chaucer.
My Spirit shall not always strive with man. Gen. vi. 3.
Why dost thou strive against him Job xxxiii. 13.
Now private pity strove with public hate, Reason with rage, and
eloquence with fate. Denham.

3. To vie; to compete; to be a rival. Chaucer.
[Not] that sweet grove Of Daphne, by Orontes and the inspired
Castalian spring, might with this paradise Of Eden strive. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To contend; vie; struggle; endeavor; aim.

STRIVE
Strive, n.

1. An effort; a striving. [R.] Chapman.

2. Strife; contention. [Obs.] Wyclif (luke xxi. 9).

STRIVED
Strived, obs. p. p. of Strive.

Defn: Striven.
Yea, so have I strived to preach the gospel. Rom. xv. 20.

STRIVEN
Striv"en,

Defn: p. p. of Strive.

STRIVER
Striv"er, n.

Defn: One who strives.

STRIVING
Striv"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Strive.
 -- Striv"ing*ly, adv.

STRIX
Strix, n. Etym: [L. strix, strigis.] (Arch.)

Defn: One of the flutings of a column.

STROAM
Stroam, v. i. Etym: [Prov. E. strome to walk with long strides.]

1. To wander about idly and vacantly. [Obs.]

2. To take long strides in walking. [Prov. Eng.]

STROBILA
Stro*bi"la, n.; pl. Strobilæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) A form of the larva of certain Discophora in a state of
development succeeding the scyphistoma. The body of the strobila
becomes elongated, and subdivides transversely into a series of
lobate segments which eventually become ephyræ, or young medusæ.
(b) A mature tapeworm.

STROBILACEOUS
Strob`i*la"ceous, a. Etym: [See Strobila.] (Bot.)
(a) Of or pertaining to a strobile or cone.
(b) Producing strobiles.

STROBILATION
Strob`i*la"tion, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The act or phenomenon of spontaneously dividing transversely,
as do certain species of annelids and helminths; transverse fission.
See Illust. under Syllidian.

STROBILE
Strob"ile, n. Etym: [L. strobilus a pine cone, Gr. strobole.]
[Written also strobil.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A scaly multiple fruit resulting from the ripening of an ament
in certain plants, as the hop or pine; a cone. See Cone, n., 3.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: An individual asexually producing sexual individuals differing
from itself also in other respects, as the tapeworm, -- one of the
forms that occur in metagenesis.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Strobila.

STROBILIFORM
Stro*bil"i*form, a.

Defn: Shaped like a strobile.

STROBILINE
Strob"i*line, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a strobile; strobilaceous; strobiliform;
as, strobiline fruits.

STROBOSCOPE
Strob"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

1. An instrument for studying or observing the successive phases of a
periodic or varying motion by means of light which is periodically
interrupted.

2. An optical toy similar to the phenakistoscope. See
Phenakistoscope.

STROCKLE
Stroc"kle, n. (Glass Manuf.)

Defn: A shovel with a turned-up edge, for frit, sand, etc. [Written
also strocal, strocle, strokal.]

STRODE
Strode, n.

Defn: See Strude. [Obs.]

STRODE
Strode,

Defn: imp. of Stride.

STROKE
Stroke, obs. imp. of Strike.

Defn: Struck.

STROKE
Stroke, n. Etym: [OE. strok, strook, strak, fr. striken. See Strike,
v. t.]

1. The act of striking; a blow; a hit; a knock; esp., a violent or
hostile attack made with the arm or hand, or with an instrument or
weapon.
His hand fetcheth a stroke with the ax to cut down the tree. Deut.
xix. 5.
A fool's lips enter into contention and his mouth calleth for
strokes. Prov. xviii. 6.
He entered and won the whole kingdom of Naples without striking a
stroke. Bacon.

2. The result of effect of a striking; injury or affliction;
soreness.
In the day that Lord bindeth up the breach of his people, and healeth
the stroke of their wound. Isa. xxx. 26.

3. The striking of the clock to tell the hour.
Well, but what's o'clock - Upon the stroke of ten.
 -- Well, let is strike. Shak.

4. A gentle, caressing touch or movement upon something; a stroking.
Dryden.

5. A mark or dash in writing or printing; a line; the touch of a pen
or pencil; as, an up stroke; a firm stroke.
O, lasting as those colors may they shine, Free as thy stroke, yet
faultless as thy line. Pope.

6. Hence, by extension, an addition or amandment to a written
composition; a touch; as, to give some finishing strokes to an essay.
Addison.

7. A sudden attack of disease; especially, a fatal attack; a severe
disaster; any affliction or calamity, especially a sudden one; as, a
stroke of apoplexy; the stroke of death.
At this one stroke the man looked dead in law. Harte.

8. A throb or beat, as of the heart. Tennyson.

9. One of a series of beats or movements against a resisting medium,
by means of which movement through or upon it is accomplished; as,
the stroke of a bird's wing in flying, or an oar in rowing, of a
skater, swimmer, etc.; also: (Rowing)
(a) The rate of succession of stroke; as, a quick stroke.
(b) The oar nearest the stern of a boat, by which the other oars are
guided; -- called also stroke oar.
(c) The rower who pulls the stroke oar; the strokesman.

10. A powerful or sudden effort by which something is done, produced,
or accomplished; also, something done or accomplished by such an
effort; as, a stroke of genius; a stroke of business; a master stroke
of policy.

11. (Mach.)

Defn: The movement, in either direction, of the piston plunger,
piston rod, crosshead, etc., as of a steam engine or a pump, in which
these parts have a reciprocating motion; as, the forward stroke of a
piston; also, the entire distance passed through, as by a piston, in
such a movement; as, the piston is at half stroke.

Note: The respective strokes are distinguished as up and down
strokes, outward and inward strokes, forward and back strokes, the
forward stroke in stationary steam engines being toward the
crosshead, but in locomotives toward the front of the vehicle.

12. Power; influence. [Obs.] "Where money beareth [hath] all the
stroke." Robynson (More's Utopia).
He has a great stroke with the reader. Dryden.

13. Appetite. [Obs.] Swift. To keep stroke, to make strokes in
unison.
The oars where silver, Which to the tune of flutes kept stroke. Shak.

STROKE
Stroke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Strokeed; p. pr. & vb. n. Strokeing.]
Etym: [OE. stroken, straken, AS. stracian, fr. strican to go over,
pass. See Strike, v. t., and cf. Straggle.]

1. To strike. [Obs.]
Ye mote with the plat sword again Stroken him in the wound, and it
will close. Chaucer.

2. To rib gently in one direction; especially, to pass the hand
gently over by way of expressing kindness or tenderness; to caress;
to soothe.
He dried the falling drops, and, yet more kind, He stroked her
cheeks. Dryden.

3. To make smooth by rubbing. Longfellow.

4. (Masonry)

Defn: To give a finely fluted surface to.

5. To row the stroke oar of; as, to stroke a boat.

STROKER
Strok"er, n.

Defn: One who strokes; also, one who pretends to cure by stroking.
Cures worked by Greatrix the stroker. Bp. Warburton.

STROKESMAN
Strokes"man, n.; pl. Strokesman (. (Rowing)

Defn: The man who rows the aftermost oar, and whose stroke is to be
followed by the rest. Totten.

STROKING
Strok"ing, n.

1. The act of rubbing gently with the hand, or of smoothing; a
stroke.
I doubt not with one gentle stroking to wipe away ten thousand tears.
Milton.

2. (Needlework)

Defn: The act of laying small gathers in cloth in regular order.

3. pl.

Defn: See Stripping, 2. Smollett.

STROLL
Stroll, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Strolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Strolling.]
Etym: [Cf. Dan. stryge to stroll, Sw. stryka to stroke, to ramble,
dial. Sw. strykel one who strolls about, Icel. strj to stroke, D.
struikelen to stumble, G. straucheln. Cf. Struggle.]

Defn: To wander on foot; to ramble idly or leisurely; to rove.
These mothers stroll to beg sustenance for their helpless infants.
Swift.

Syn.
 -- To rove; roam; range; stray.

STROLL
Stroll, n.

Defn: A wandering on foot; an idle and leisurely walk; a ramble.

STROLLER
Stroll"er, n.

Defn: One who strolls; a vagrant.

STROMA
Stro"ma, n.; pl. Stromata. Etym: [L., a bed covering, Gr.

1. (Anat.)
(a) The connective tissue or supporting framework of an organ; as,
the stroma of the kidney.
(b) The spongy, colorless framework of a red blood corpuscle or other
cell.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A layer or mass of cellular tissue, especially that part of the
thallus of certain fungi which incloses the perithecia.

STROMATIC
Stro*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. miscellaneous writings, fr.

Defn: Miscellaneous; composed of different kinds.

STROMATOLOGY
Stro`ma*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Geol.)

Defn: The history of the formation of stratified rocks.

STROMB
Stromb, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine univalve mollusk of the genus Strombus and allied
genera. See Conch, and Strombus.

STROMBITE
Strom"bite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil shell of the genus Strombus.

STROMBOID
Strom"boid, a. Etym: [Strombus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, Strombus.

STROMBULIFORM
Strom*bu"li*form, a. Etym: [NL. strombulus, dim. of strombus + -form.
See Strombus.]

1. (Geol.)

Defn: Formed or shaped like a top.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Coiled into the shape of a screw or a helix.

STROMBUS
Strom"bus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine gastropods in which the shell has the outer
lip dilated into a broad wing. It includes many large and handsome
species commonly called conch shells, or conchs. See Conch.

STROMEYERITE
Stro"mey`er*ite, n. Etym: [So named from the German chemist Friedrich
Stromeyer.] (Min.)

Defn: A steel-gray mineral of metallic luster. It is a sulphide of
silver and copper.

STROND
Strond, n.

Defn: Strand; beach. [Obs.] Shak.

STRONG
Strong, a. [Compar. Stronger; superl. Strongest.] Etym: [AS. strang,
strong; akin to D. & G. streng strict, rigorous, OHG. strengi strong,
brave, harsh, Icel. strangr strong, severe, Dan. streng, Sw. sträng
strict, severe. Cf. Strength, Stretch, String.]

1. Having active physical power, or great physical power to act;
having a power of exerting great bodily force; vigorous.
That our oxen may be strong to labor. Ps. cxliv. 14.
Orses the strong to greater strength must yield. Dryden.

2. Having passive physical power; having ability to bear or endure;
firm; hale; sound; robust; as, a strong constitution; strong health.

3. Solid; tough; not easily broken or injured; able to withstand
violence; able to sustain attacks; not easily subdued or taken; as, a
strong beam; a strong rock; a strong fortress or town.

4. Having great military or naval force; powerful; as, a strong army
or fleet; a nation strong at sea.

5. Having great wealth, means, or resources; as, a strong house, or
company of merchants.

6. Reaching a certain degree or limit in respect to strength or
numbers; as, an army ten thousand strong.

7. Moving with rapidity or force; violent; forcible; impetuous; as, a
strong current of water or wind; the wind was strong from the
northeast; a strong tide.

8. Adapted to make a deep or effectual impression on the mind or
imagination; striking or superior of the kind; powerful; forcible;
cogent; as, a strong argument; strong reasons; strong evidence; a
strong example; strong language.

9. Ardent; eager; zealous; earnestly engaged; as, a strong partisan;
a strong Whig or Tory.
Her mother, ever strong against that match. Shak.

10. Having virtues of great efficacy; or, having a particular quality
in a great degree; as, a strong powder or tincture; a strong
decoction; strong tea or coffee.

11. Full of spirit; containing a large proportion of alcohol;
intoxicating; as, strong liquors.

12. Affecting any sense powerfully; as, strong light, colors, etc.; a
strong flavor of onions; a strong scent.

13. Solid; nourishing; as, strong meat. Heb. v. 12.

14. Well established; firm; not easily overthrown or altered; as, a
strong custom; a strong belief.

15. Violent; vehement; earnest; ardent.
He had offered up prayers and supplications with strong crying and
tears. Heb. v. 7.

16. Having great force, vigor, power, or the like, as the mind,
intellect, or any faculty; as, a man of a strong mind, memory,
judgment, or imagination.
I was stronger in prophecy than in criticism. Dryden.

17. Vigorous; effective; forcible; powerful.
Like her sweet voice is thy harmonious song, As high, as sweet, as
easy, and as strong. E. Smith.

18. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: Tending to higher prices; rising; as, a strong market.

19. (Gram.)
(a) Pertaining to, or designating, a verb which forms its preterit
(imperfect) by a variation in the root vowel, and the past participle
(usually) by the addition of -en (with or without a change of the
root vowel); as in the verbs strive, strove, striven; break, broke,
broken; drink, drank, drunk. Opposed to weak, or regular. See Weak.
(b) Applied to forms in Anglo-Saxon, etc., which retain the old
declensional endings. In the Teutonic languages the vowel stems have
held the original endings most firmly, and are called strong; the
stems in -n are called weak other constant stems conform, or are
irregular. F. A. March. Strong conjugation (Gram.), the conjugation
of a strong verb; -- called also old, or irregular, conjugation, and
distinguished from the weak, or regular, conjugation.

Note: Strong is often used in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, strong-backed, strong-based, strong-bodied, strong-
colored, strong-fisted, strong-handed, strong-ribbed, strong-
smelling, strong-voiced, etc.

Syn.
 -- Vigorous; powerful; stout; solid; firm; hardy; muscular;
forcible; cogent; valid. See Robust.

STRONGHAND
Strong"hand`, n.

Defn: Violence; force; power.
It was their meaning to take what they needed by stronghand. Sir W.
Raleigh.

STRONGHOLD
Strong"hold`, n.

Defn: A fastness; a fort or fortress; fortfield place; a place of
security.

STRONGISH
Strong"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat strong.

STRONGLY
Strong"ly, adv.

Defn: In a strong manner; so as to be strong in action or in
resistance; with strength; with great force; forcibly; powerfully;
firmly; vehemently; as, a town strongly fortified; he objected
strongly.

STRONG-MINDED
Strong"-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having a vigorous mind; esp., having or affecting masculine
qualities of mind; -- said of women.
 -- Strong"-mind`ed*ness, n.

STRONG-WATER
Strong"-wa`ter, n.

1. An acid. [Obs.]

2. Distilled or ardent spirits; intoxicating liquor.

STRONGYLID
Stron"gy*lid, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Strongyloid.

STRONGYLOID
Stron"gy*loid, a. Etym: [NL. Strongylus the genus (from Gr. -oid.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, Strongylus, a genus of parasitic
nematode worms of which many species infest domestic animals. Some of
the species, especially those living in the kidneys, lungs, and
bronchial tubes, are often very injurious.
 -- n.

Defn: A strongyloid worm.

STRONTIA
Stron"ti*a, n. Etym: [NL. strontia, fr. Strontian, in Argyleshire,
Scotland, where strontianite was first found.] (Chem.)

Defn: An earth of a white color resembling lime in appearance, and
baryta in many of its properties. It is an oxide of the metal
strontium.

STRONTIAN
Stron"ti*an, n. (Min.)

Defn: Strontia.

STRONTIANITE
Stron"ti*an*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Strontium carbonate, a mineral of a white, greenish, or
yellowish color, usually occurring in fibrous massive forms, but
sometimes in prismatic crystals.

STRONTIC
Stron"tic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to strontium; containing, or designating the
compounds of, strontium.

STRONTITIC
Stron*tit"ic, a.

Defn: Strontic.

STRONTIUM
Stron"ti*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Strontia.] (Chem.)

Defn: A metallic element of the calcium group, always naturally
occurring combined, as in the minerals strontianite, celestite, etc.
It is isolated as a yellowish metal, somewhat malleable but harder
than calcium. It is chiefly employed (as in the nitrate) to color
pyrotechnic flames red. Symbol Sr. Atomic weight 87.3. A radioactive
isotope of strontium produced by certain nuclear reactions, and
constituting one of the prominent harmful components of radioactive
fallout from nuclear explosions; also called radiostrontium. It has a
half-life of 28 years.

STROOK
Strook, obs.

Defn: imp. of Strike. Dryden.

STROOK
Strook, n.

Defn: A stroke. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STROOT
Stroot, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Strut, v. i.]

Defn: To swell out; to strut. [Obs.] Chapman.

STROP
Strop, n. Etym: [See Strap.]

Defn: A strap; specifically, same as Strap, 3.

STROP
Strop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stropped; p. pr. & vb. n. Stropping.]

Defn: To draw over, or rub upon, a strop with a view to sharpen; as,
to strop a razor.

STROP
Strop, n. Etym: [Cf. F. estrope, étrope, fr. L. struppus. See Strop a
strap.] (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of rope spliced into a circular wreath, and put round a
block for hanging it.

STROPHANTHUS
Stro*phan"thus, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tropical apocynaceous shrubs having singularly
twisted flowers. One species (Strophanthus hispidus) is used
medicinally as a cardiac sedative and stimulant.

STROPHE
Stro"phe, n.; pl. Strophes. Etym: [NL., from Gr. strap.]

Defn: In Greek choruses and dances, the movement of the chorus while
turning from the right to the left of the orchestra; hence, the
strain, or part of the choral ode, sung during this movement. Also
sometimes used of a stanza of modern verse. See the Note under
Antistrophe.

STROPHIC
Stroph"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, strophes.

STROPHIOLATE; STROPHIOLATED
Stro"phi*o*late, Stro"phi*o*la`ted, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with a strophiole, or caruncle, or that which
resembles it. Gray.

STROPHIOLE
Stro"phi*ole, n. Etym: [L. strophiolum a little chaplet, dim. of
strophium a band, Gr. strophiole.] (Bot.)

Defn: A crestlike excrescence about the hilum of certain seeds; a
caruncle.

STROPHULUS
Stroph"u*lus, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: See Red-gum, 1.

STROUD
Stroud, n.

Defn: A kind of coarse blanket or garment used by the North American
Indians.

STROUDING
Stroud"ing, n.

Defn: Material for strouds; a kind of coarse cloth used in trade with
the North American Indians.

STROUT
Strout, v. i. Etym: [See Strut.]

Defn: To swell; to puff out; to project. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STROUT
Strout, v. t.

Defn: To cause to project or swell out; to enlarge affectedly; to
strut. [Obs.] Bacon.

STROVE
Strove,

Defn: imp. of Strive.

STROW
Strow, v. t. [imp. Strowed; p. p. Strown or Strowed.]

Defn: Same as Strew.
Thick as autumnal leaves that strow the brooks In Vallombrosa.
Milton.
A manner turbid . . . and strown with blemished. M. Arnold.

STROWL
Strowl, v. i.

Defn: To stroll. [Obs.]

STROWN
Strown,

Defn: p. p. of Strow.

STROY
Stroy, v. i.

Defn: To destroy. [Obs.] Tusser.

STRUCK
Struck,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Strike. Struck jury (Law), a special jury,
composed of persons having special knowledge or qualifications,
selected by striking from the panel of jurors a certain number for
each party, leaving the number required by law to try the cause.

STRUCKEN
Struck"en, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Strike. Shak.

STRUCTURAL
Struc"tur*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to structure; affecting structure; as, a
structural error.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to organit structure; as, a structural element
or cell; the structural peculiarities of an animal or a plant.
Structural formula. (Chem.) See Rational formula, under Formula.
empirical formula.

STRUCTURAL SHAPE
Struc"tur*al shape. (Engin. & Arch.)

Defn: The shape of a member especially adapted to structural
purposes, esp. in giving the greatest strength with the least
material. Hence, Colloq.,

Defn: any steel or iron member of such shape, as channel irons, I
beams, T beams, etc., or, sometimes, a column, girder, etc., built up
with such members.

STRUCTURAL STEEL
Structural steel.
 (a) Rolled steel in structural shapes.
 (b)  A kind of strong mild steel, suitable for structural shapes.

STRUCTURE
Struc"ture, n. Etym: [L. structura, from struere, structum, to
arrange, build, construct; perhaps akin to E. strew: cf. F.
structure. Cf. Construe, Destroy, Instrument, Obstruct.]

1. The act of building; the practice of erecting buildings;
construction. [R.]
His son builds on, and never is content Till the last farthing is in
structure spent. J. Dryden, Jr.

2. Manner of building; form; make; construction.
Want of insight into the structure and constitution of the
terraqueous globe. Woodward.

3. Arrangement of parts, of organs, or of constituent particles, in a
substance or body; as, the structure of a rock or a mineral; the
structure of a sentence.
It [basalt] has often a prismatic structure. Dana.

4. (Biol.)

Defn: Manner of organization; the arrangement of the different
tissues or parts of animal and vegetable organisms; as, organic
structure, or the structure of animals and plants; cellular
structure.

5. That which is built; a building; esp., a building of some size or
magnificence; an edifice.
There stands a structure of majestic frame. Pope.
Columnar structure. See under Columnar.

STRUCTURED
Struc"tured, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Having a definite organic structure; showing differentiation of
parts.
The passage from a structureless state to a structured state is
itself a vital process. H. Spencer.

STRUCTURELESS
Struc"ture*less, a.

Defn: Without a definite structure, or arrangement of parts; without
organization; devoid of cells; homogeneous; as, a structureless
membrane.

STRUCTURIST
Struc"tur*ist, n.

Defn: One who forms structures; a builder; a constructor. [R.]

STRUDE
Strude, n.

Defn: A stock of breeding mares. [Written also strode.] [Obs.]
Bailey.

STRUGGLE
Strug"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Struggled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Struggling.] Etym: [OE. strogelen; cf. Icel. strj to stroke, to beat,
to flog, Sw. stryka to stroke, to strike, Dan. stryge, G. straucheln
to stumble. Cf. Stroll.]

1. To strive, or to make efforts, with a twisting, or with
contortions of the body.

2. To use great efforts; to labor hard; to strive; to contend
forcibly; as, to struggle to save one's life; to struggle with the
waves; to struggle with adversity.
The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated
it [Gettysburg] far above our power to add or detract. Lincoln.

3. To labor in pain or anguish; to be in agony; to labor in any kind
of difficulty or distress.
'T is wisdom to beware, And better shun the bait than struggle in the
snare. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To strive; contend; labor; endeavor.

STRUGGLE
Strug"gle, n.

1. A violent effort or efforts with contortions of the body; agony;
distress.

2. Great labor; forcible effort to obtain an object, or to avert an
evil. Macaulay.

3. Contest; contention; strife.
An honest might look upon the struggle with indifference. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Endeavor; effort; contest; labor; difficulty.

STRUGGLER
Strug"gler, n.

Defn: One who struggles.

STRULL
Strull, n.

Defn: A bar so placed as to resist weight.

STRUM
Strum, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Strummed; p. pr. & vb. n. Strumming.]
Etym: [Probably of imitative origin. Cf. Thrum.]

Defn: To play on an instrument of music, or as on an instrument, in
an unskillful or noisy way; to thrum; as, to strum a piano.

STRUMA
Stru"ma, n. Etym: [L., a scrofulous tumor.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Scrofula.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A cushionlike swelling on any organ; especially, that at the
base of the capsule in many mosses.

STRUMATIC
Stru*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Scrofulous; strumous.

STRUMOSE
Stru*mose", a. Etym: [L. strumosus: cf. F. strumeux.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Strumous.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a struma.

STRUMOUS
Stru"mous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Scrofulous; having struma.

STRUMOUSNESS
Stru"mous*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being strumous.

STRUMPET
Strum"pet, n. Etym: [OE. strumpet, strompet; cf. OF. stupe
debauchery, F. stupe, L. stuprare, stupratum, to debauch, stuprum
debauchery, Gael. & Ir. striopach a prostitute.]

Defn: A prostitute; a harlot. Shak.

STRUMPET
Strum"pet, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a strumpet; characteristic of a strumpet.
Out on thy more than strumpet impudence. B. Jonson.

STRUMPET
Strum"pet, v. t.

1. To debauch. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To dishonor with the reputation of being a strumpet; hence, to
belie; to slander.
With his untrue reports, strumpet your fame. Massinger.

STRUMSTRUM
Strum"strum, n.

Defn: A rude musical instrument somewhat like a cittern. [R.]
Dampier.

STRUNG
Strung,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of String.

STRUNT
Strunt, n.

Defn: Spirituous liquor. [Scot.] Burns.

STRUNTIAN
Strun"tian, n.

Defn: A kind of worsted braid, about an inch broad. [Scot.] Jamieson.

STRUSE
Struse, n. Etym: [Russ. strug'.] (Naut.)

Defn: A Russian river craft used for transporting freight.

STRUT
Strut, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Strutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Strutting.]
Etym: [OE. struten, strouten, to swell; akin to G. strozen to be
swelled, to be puffed up, to strut, Dan. strutte.]

1. To swell; to bulge out. [R.]
The bellying canvas strutted with the gale. Dryden.

2. To walk with a lofty, proud gait, and erect head; to walk with
affected dignity.
Does he not hold up his head, . . . and strut in his gait Shak.

STRUT
Strut, n. Etym: [For senses 2 & 3 cf. LG. strutt rigid.]

1. The act of strutting; a pompous step or walk.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: In general, any piece of a frame which resists thrust or
pressure in the direction of its own length. See Brace, and Illust.
of Frame, and Roof.

3. (Engin.)

Defn: Any part of a machine or structure, of which the principal
function is to hold things apart; a brace subjected to compressive
stress; -- the opposite of stay, and tie.

STRUT
Strut, v. t.

Defn: To hold apart. Cf. Strut, n., 3.

STRUT
Strut, a.

Defn: Protuberant. [Obs.] Holland.

STRUTHIAN
Stru"thi*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Struthious.

STRUTHIO
Stru"thi*o, n.; pl. Struthiones. Etym: [L., an ostrich, fr. Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds including the African ostriches.

STRUTHIOIDEA
Stru`thi*oi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Struthio, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Struthiones.

STRUTHIONES
Stru`thi*o"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Struthio.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A division, or order, of birds, including only the African
ostriches.
(b) In a wider sense, an extensive group of birds including the
ostriches, cassowaries, emus, moas, and allied birds incapable of
flight. In this sense it is equivalent to Ratitæ, or Dromæognathæ.

STRUTHIONINE
Stru`thi*o"nine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Struthious.

STRUTHIOUS
Stru"thi*ous, a. Etym: [L. struthius, strutheus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Struthiones, or Ostrich tribe.

STRUTTER
Strut"ter, n.

Defn: One who struts.

STRUTTING
Strut"ting, a. & n.

Defn: from Strut, v.
 -- Strut"ting*ly, adv.

STRUVITE
Struv"ite, n. Etym: [After the Russian minister Von Struve.] (Min.)

Defn: A crystalline mineral found in guano. It is a hydrous phosphate
of magnesia and ammonia.

STRYCHNIA
Strych"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Strychnine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Strychnine.

STRYCHNIC
Strych"nic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to strychnine; produced by strychnine; as,
strychnic compounds; strychnic poisoning; specifically (Chem.),

Defn: used to designate an acid, called also igasuric acid.

STRYCHNINE
Strych"nine, n. Etym: [L. strychnos a kind of nightshade, Gr.
strychnine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A very poisonous alkaloid resembling brucine, obtained from
various species of plants, especially from species of Loganiaceæ, as
from the seeds of the St. Ignatius bean (Strychnos Ignatia) and from
nux vomica. It is obtained as a white crystalline substance, having a
very bitter acrid taste, and is employed in medicine (chiefly in the
form of the sulphate) as a powerful neurotic stimulant. Called also
strychnia, and formerly strychnina.

STRYCHNOS
Strych"nos, n. Etym: [L., a kind of nightshade, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tropical trees and shrubs of the order Loganiaceæ.
See Nux vomica.

STRYPHNIC
Stryph"nic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid,
obtained by the action of acetic acid and potassium nitrite on uric
acid, as a yellow crystalline substance, with a bitter, astringent
taste.

STUB
Stub, n. Etym: [OE. stubbe, AS. stub, styb; akin to D. stobbe, LG.
stubbe, Dan. stub, Sw. stubbe, Icel. stubbr, stubbi; cf. Gr.

1. The stump of a tree; that part of a tree or plant which remains
fixed in the earth when the stem is cut down; -- applied especially
to the stump of a small tree, or shrub.
Stubs sharp and hideous to behold. Chaucer.
And prickly stubs instead of trees are found. Dryden.

2. A log; a block; a blockhead. [Obs.] Milton.

3. The short blunt part of anything after larger part has been broken
off or used up; hence, anything short and thick; as, the stub of a
pencil, candle, or cigar.

4. A part of a leaf in a check book, after a check is torn out, on
which the number, amount, and destination of the check are usually
recorded.

5. A pen with a short, blunt nib.

6. A stub nail; an old horseshoe nail; also, stub iron. Stub end
(Mach.), the enlarged end of a connecting rod, to which the strap is
fastened.
 -- Stub iron, iron made from stub nails, or old horseshoe nails, --
used in making gun barrels.
 -- Stub mortise (Carp.), a mortise passing only partly through the
timber in which it is formed.
 -- Stub nail, an old horseshoe nail; a nail broken off; also, a
short, thick nail.
 -- Stub short, or Stub shot (Lumber Manuf.), the part of the end of
a sawn log or plank which is beyond the place where the saw kerf
ends, and which retains the plank in connection with the log, until
it is split off.
 -- Stub twist, material for a gun barrel, made of a spirally welded
ribbon of steel and stub iron combined.

STUB
Stub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Stubbing.]

1. To grub up by the roots; to extirpate; as, to stub up edible
roots.
What stubbing, plowing, digging, and harrowing is to a piece of land.
Berkley.

2. To remove stubs from; as, to stub land.

3. To strike as the toes, against a stub, stone, or other fixed
object. [U. S.]

STUBBED
Stub"bed, a.

1. Reduced to a stub; short and thick, like something truncated;
blunt; obtuse.

2. Abounding in stubs; stubby.
A bit of stubbed ground, once a wood. R. Browning.

3. Not nice or delicate; hardy; rugged. "Stubbed, vulgar
constitutions." Berkley.

STUBBEDNESS
Stub"bed*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being stubbed.

STUBBINESS
Stub"bi*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being stubby.

STUBBLE
Stub"ble, n. Etym: [OE. stobil, stoble, OF. estouble, estuble, F.
étuele, LL. stupla, stupula, L. stipula stubble, stalk; cf. D. & G.
stopped, OHG. stupfila. Cf. Stipule.]

Defn: The stumps of wheat, rye, barley, oats, or buckwheat, left in
the ground; the part of the stalk left by the scythe or sickle.
"After the first crop is off, they plow in the wheast stubble."
Mortimer. Stubble goose (Zoöl.), the graylag goose. [Prov. Eng.]
Chaucer.
 -- Stubble rake, a rake with long teeth for gleaning in stubble.

STUBBLED
Stub"bled, a.

1. Covered with stubble.
A crow was strutting o'er the stubbled plain. Gay.

2. Stubbed; as, stubbled legs. [Obs.] Skelton.

STUBBLY
Stub"bly, a.

Defn: Covered with stubble; stubbled.

STUBBORN
Stub"born, a. Etym: [OE. stoburn, stiborn; probably fr. AS. styb a
stub. See Stub.]

Defn: Firm as a stub or stump; stiff; unbending; unyielding;
persistent; hence, unreasonably obstinate in will or opinion; not
yielding to reason or persuasion; refractory; harsh; -- said of
persons and things; as, stubborn wills; stubborn ore; a stubborn oak;
as stubborn as a mule. "Bow, stubborn knees." Shak. "Stubborn
attention and more than common application." Locke. "Stubborn
Stoics." Swift.
And I was young and full of ragerie [wantonness] Stubborn and strong,
and jolly as a pie. Chaucer.
These heretics be so stiff and stubborn. Sir T. More.
Your stubborn usage of the pope. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Obstinate; inflexible; obdurate; headstrong; stiff; hardy; firm;
refractory; intractable; rugged; contumacious; heady.
 -- Stubborn, Obstinate. Obstinate is used of either active or
passive persistence in one's views or conduct, in spite of the wishes
of others. Stubborn describes an extreme degree of passive obstinacy.
 -- Stub"born*ly, adv.
 -- Stub"born*ness, n.

STUBBY
Stub"by, a.

1. Abounding with stubs.

2. Short and thick; short and strong, as bristles.

STUCCO
Stuc"co, n.; pl. Stuccoes, Stuccos. Etym: [It., fr. OHG. stucchi a
crust, piece, G. stück piece; akin to AS. stycce. See Stock.]

1. Plaster of any kind used as a coating for walls, especially, a
fine plaster, composed of lime or gypsum with sand and pounded
marble, used for internal decorations and fine work.

2. Work made of stucco; stuccowork.

STUCCO
Stuc"co, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stuccoed; p. pr. & vb. n. Stuccoing.]

Defn: To overlay or decorate with stucco, or fine plaster.

STUCCOER
Stuc"co*er, n.

Defn: One who stuccoes.

STUCCOWORK
Stuc"co*work`, n.

Defn: Work done in stucco.

STUCK
Stuck,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Stick.

STUCK
Stuck, n. Etym: [Cf. 1st Stoccado.]

Defn: A thrust. [Obs.] Shak.

STUCKLE
Stuc"kle, n. Etym: [From Stook.]

Defn: A number of sheaves set together in the field; a stook.

STUCK-UP
Stuck"-up`, a.

Defn: Self-important and supercilious, [Colloq.]
The airs of small, stuck-up, men. A. K. H. Boyd.

STUD
Stud, n. Etym: [OE. stod, stood, AS. stod; akin to OHG. stuota, G.
stute a mare, Icel. sto stud, Lith. stodas a herd, Russ. stado, and
to E. stand. The sense is properly, a stand, an establishment. *163.
See Stand, and cf. Steed.]

Defn: A collection of breeding horses and mares, or the place where
they are kept; also, a number of horses kept for a racing, riding,
etc.
In the studs of Ireland, where care is taken, we see horses bred of
excellent shape, vigor, and size. Sir W. Temple.
He had the finest stud in England, and his delight was to win plates
from Tories. Macaulay.

STUD
Stud, n. Etym: [AS. studu a post; akin to Sw. stöd a prop, Icel. sto
a post, sty to prop, and probably ultimately to E. stand; cf. D. stut
a prop, G. stütze. See Stand.]

1. A stem; a trunk. [Obs.]
Seest not this same hawthorn stud Spenser.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An upright scanting, esp. one of the small uprights in the
framing for lath and plaster partitions, and furring, and upon which
the laths are nailed.

3. A kind of nail with a large head, used chiefly for ornament; an
ornamental knob; a boss.
A belt of straw and ivy buds, With coral clasps and amber studs.
Marlowe.
Crystal and myrrhine cups, embossed with gems And studs of pearl.
Milton.

4. An ornamental button of various forms, worn in a shirt front,
collar, wristband, or the like, not sewed in place, but inserted
through a buttonhole or eyelet, and transferable.

5. (Mach.)
(a) A short rod or pin, fixed in and projecting from something, and
sometimes forming a journal.
(b) A stud bolt.

6. An iron brace across the shorter diameter of the link of a chain
cable. Stud bolt, a bolt with threads on both ends, to be screwed
permanently into a fixed part at one end and receive a nut upon the
other; -- called also standing bolt.

STUD
Stud, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Studded; p. pr. & vb. n. Studding.]

1. To adorn with shining studs, or knobs.
Thy horses shall be trapped, Their harness studded all with gold and
pearl. Shak.

2. To set with detached ornaments or prominent objects; to set
thickly, as with studs.
The sloping sides and summits of our hills, and the extensive plains
that stretch before our view, are studded with substantial, neat, and
commodious dwellings of freemen. Bp. Hobart.

STUDBOOK
Stud"book`, n.

Defn: A genealogical register of a particular breed or stud of
horses, esp. thoroughbreds.

STUDDERY
Stud"der*y, n.

Defn: A stud, or collection of breeding horses and mares; also, a
place for keeping a stud. [Obs.]
King Henry the Eighth erected a noble studdery. Holinshed.

STUDDING
Stud"ding, n.

Defn: Material for studs, or joists; studs, or joists, collectively;
studs.

STUDDING SAIL
Stud"ding sail`. (Naut.)

Defn: A light sail set at the side of a principal or square sail of a
vessel in free winds, to increase her speed. Its head is bent to a
small spar which is called the studding-sail boom. See Illust. of
Sail. Toten.

STUDENT
Stu"dent, n. Etym: [L. studens, -entis, p.pr. of studere to study.
See Study, n.]

1. A person engaged in study; one who is devoted to learning; a
learner; a pupil; a scholar; especially, one who attends a school, or
who seeks knowledge from professional teachers or from books; as, the
students of an academy, a college, or a university; a medical
student; a hard student.
Keep a gamester from the dice, and a good student from his book.
Shak.

2. One who studies or examines in any manner; an attentive and
systematic observer; as, a student of human nature, or of physical
nature.

STUDENTRY
Stu"dent*ry, n.

Defn: A body of students. [R.]

STUDENTSHIP
Stu"dent*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a student.

STUDFISH
Stud"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small American minnows of the
genus Fundulus, as F. catenatus.

STUD-HORSE
Stud"-horse`, n. Etym: [AS. stod-hors.]

Defn: A stallion, esp. one kept for breeding.

STUDIED
Stud"ied, a.

1. Closely examined; read with diligence and attention; made the
subject of study; well considered; as, a studied lesson.

2. Well versed in any branch of learning; qualified by study;
learned; as, a man well studied in geometry.
I shrewdly suspect that he is little studied of a theory of moral
proportions. Burke.

3. Premeditated; planned; designed; as, a studied insult. "Studied
magnificence." Hawthorne.

4. Intent; inclined. [Obs.] Shak.

STUDIEDLY
Stud"ied*ly, adv.

Defn: In a studied manner.

STUDIER
Stud"i*er, n.

Defn: A student. [R.] W. Irving.
Lipsius was a great studier of the stoical philosophy. Tillotson.

STUDIO
Stu"di*o, n.; pl. Studios. Etym: [It. studio, properly, study. See
Study.]

Defn: The working room of an artist.

STUDIOUS
Stu"di*ous, a. Etym: [L. studious: cf. F. studieux. See Study.]

1. Given to study; devoted to the acquisition of knowledge from
books; as, a studious scholar.

2. Given to thought, or to the examination of subjects by
contemplation; contemplative. Locke.

3. Earnest in endeavors; aiming sedulously; attentive; observant;
diligent; -- usually followed by an infinitive or by of; as, be
studious to please; studious to find new friends and allies.
You that are so studious Of my affairs, wholly neglect your own.
Massinger.

4. Planned with study; deliberate; studied.
For the frigid villainy of studious lewdness, . . . with apology can
be invented Rambler.

5. Favorable to study; suitable for thought and contemplation; as,
the studious shade. [Poetic]
But let my due feet never fail To walk the studious cloister's pale.
Milton.
-- Stu"di*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Stu"di*ous*ness, n.

STUDY
Stud"y, n.; pl. Studies. Etym: [OE. studie, L. studium, akin to
studere to study; possibly akin to Gr. estudie, estude, F. étude. Cf.
Etude, Student, Studio, Study, v. i.]

1. A setting of the mind or thoughts upon a subject; hence,
application of mind to books, arts, or science, or to any subject,
for the purpose of acquiring knowledge.
Hammond . . . spent thirteen hours of the day in study. Bp. Fell.
Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace. Sir W. Temple.

2. Mental occupation; absorbed or thoughtful attention; meditation;
contemplation.
Just men they seemed, and all their study bent To worship God aright,
and know his works. Milton.

3. Any particular branch of learning that is studied; any object of
attentive consideration.
The Holy Scriptures, especially the New Testament, are her daily
study. Law.
The proper study of mankind is man. Pope.

4. A building or apartment devoted to study or to literary work. "His
cheery little study." Hawthorne.

5. (Fine Arts)

Defn: A representation or rendering of any object or scene intended,
not for exhibition as an original work of art, but for the
information, instruction, or assistance of the maker; as, a study of
heads or of hands for a figure picture.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: A piece for special practice. See Etude.

STUDY
Stud"y, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Studied; p. pr. & vb. n. Studying.] Etym:
[OE. studien, OF. estudier, F. étudier. See Study, n.]

1. To fix the mind closely upon a subject; to dwell upon anything in
thought; to muse; to ponder. Chaucer.
I found a moral first, and then studied for a fable. Swift.

2. To apply the mind to books or learning. Shak.

3. To endeavor diligently; to be zealous. 1 Thes. iv. 11.

STUDY
Stud"y, v. t.

1. To apply the mind to; to read and examine for the purpose of
learning and understanding; as, to study law or theology; to study
languages.

2. To consider attentively; to examine closely; as, to study the work
of nature.
Study thyself; what rank or what degree The wise Creator has ordained
for thee. Dryden.

3. To form or arrange by previous thought; to con over, as in
committing to memory; as, to study a speech.

4. To make an object of study; to aim at sedulously; to devote one's
thoughts to; as, to study the welfare of others; to study variety in
composition.
For their heart studieth destruction. Prov. xxiv. 2.

STUFA
Stu"fa, n. Etym: [It. stufa a stove. See Stove.]

Defn: A jet of steam issuing from a fissure in the earth.

STUFF
Stuff, n. Etym: [OF. estoffe, F. étoffe; of uncertain origin, perhaps
of Teutonic origin and akin to E. stop, v.t. Cf. Stuff, v. t.]

1. Material which is to be worked up in any process of manufacture.
For the stuff they had was sufficient for all the work to make it,
and too much. Ex. xxxvi. 7.
Ambitions should be made of sterner stuff. Shak.
The workman on his stuff his skill doth show, And yet the stuff gives
not the man his skill. Sir J. Davies.

2. The fundamental material of which anything is made up; elemental
part; essence.
Yet do I hold it very stuff o' the conscience To do no contrived
murder. Shak.

3. Woven material not made into garments; fabric of any kind;
specifically, any one of various fabrics of wool or worsted;
sometimes, worsted fiber.
What stuff wilt have a kirtle of Shak.
It [the arras] was of stuff and silk mixed, though, superior kinds
were of silk exclusively. F. G. Lee.

4. Furniture; goods; domestic vessels or utensils.
He took away locks, and gave away the king's stuff. Hayward.

5. A medicine or mixture; a potion. Shak.

6. Refuse or worthless matter; hence, also, foolish or irrational
language; nonsense; trash.
Anger would indite Such woeful stuff as I or Shadwell write. Dryden.

7. (Naut.)

Defn: A melted mass of turpentine, tallow, etc., with which the
masts, sides, and bottom of a ship are smeared for lubrication. Ham.
Nav. Encyc.

8. Paper stock ground ready for use.

Note: When partly ground, called half stuff. Knight. Clear stuff. See
under Clear.
 -- Small stuff (Naut.), all kinds of small cordage. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
 -- Stuff gown, the distinctive garb of a junior barrister; hence, a
junior barrister himself. See Silk gown, under Silk.stuff and
nonsense. (See def. 6 for stuff) balderdash, twaddle, nonsense,
foolishness.

STUFF
Stuff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stuffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Stuffing.] Etym:
[OE. stoffen; cf. OF. estoffer, F. étoffer, to put stuff in, to
stuff, to line, also, OF. estouffer to stifle, F. étouffer; both
perhaps of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. stop. Cf. Stop, v. t.,
Stuff, n.]

1. To fill by crowding something into; to cram with something; to
load to excess; as, to stuff a bedtick.
Sometimes this crook drew hazel bought adown, And stuffed her apron
wide with nuts so brown. Gay.
Lest the gods, for sin, Should with a swelling dropsy stuff thy skin.
Dryden.

2. To thrust or crowd; to press; to pack.
Put roses into a glass with a narrow mouth, stuffing them close
together . . . and they retain smell and color. Bacon.

3. To fill by being pressed or packed into.
With inward arms the dire machine they load, And iron bowels stuff
the dark abode. Dryden.

4. (Cookery)

Defn: To fill with a seasoning composition of bread, meat,
condiments, etc.; as, to stuff a turkey.

5. To obstruct, as any of the organs; to affect with some obstruction
in the organs of sense or respiration.
I'm stuffed, cousin; I can not smell. Shak.

6. To fill the skin of, for the purpose of preserving as a specimen;
-- said of birds or other animals.

7. To form or fashion by packing with the necessary material.
An Eastern king put a judge to death for an iniquitous sentence, and
ordered his hide to be stuffed into a cushion, and placed upon the
tribunal. Swift.

8. To crowd with facts; to cram the mind of; sometimes, to crowd or
fill with false or idle tales or fancies.

9. To put fraudulent votes into (a ballot box). [U. S.]

STUFF
Stuff, v. i.

Defn: To feed gluttonously; to cram.
Taught harmless man to cram and stuff. Swift.

STUFFER
Stuff"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, stuffs.

STUFFINESS
Stuff"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being stuffy.

STUFFING
Stuff"ing, n.

1. That which is used for filling anything; as, the stuffing of a
saddle or cushion.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: Any seasoning preparation used to stuff meat; especially, a
composition of bread, condiments, spices, etc.; forcemeat; dressing.

3. A mixture of oil and tallow used in softening and dressing
leather. Stuffing box, a device for rendering a joint impervious
where there is a hole through which a movable cylindrical body, as
the paston rod of a steam engine, or the plunger of a pump, slides
back and forth, or in which a shaft turns. It usually consists of a
box or chamber, made by an enlargement of part of the hole, forming a
space around the rod or shaft for containing packing which is
compressed and made to fill the space closely by means of a sleeve,
called the gland, which fits loosely around the rod, and is pressed
upon the packing by bolts or other means.

STUFFY
Stuff"y, a.

1. Stout; mettlesome; resolute. [Scot.] Jamieson.

2. Angry and obstinate; sulky. [U. S.]

3. Ill-ventilated; close.

STUKE
Stuke, n.

Defn: Stucco. [Obs.]

STULL
Stull, n. Etym: [CF. Stum.]

Defn: A framework of timber covered with boards to support rubbish;
also, a framework of boards to protect miners from falling stones.
[Prov. Eng.]

STULM
Stulm, n. Etym: [Cf. G. stollen a post, a stulm, E. stall, stand.]

Defn: A shaft or gallery to drain a mine. [Local, Eng.] Bailey.

STULP
Stulp, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. stolpi, Dan., Sw., & OD. stolpe.]

Defn: A short, stout post used for any purpose, a to mark a boundary.
[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

STULTIFICATION
Stul`ti*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of stultifying, or the state of being stultified.

STULTIFIER
Stul"ti*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who stultifies.

STULTIFY
Stul"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stultified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Stultifying.] Etym: [L. stultus foolish + -fy.]

1. To make foolish; to make a fool of; as, to stultify one by
imposition; to stultify one's self by silly reasoning or conduct.
Burke.

2. To regard as a fool, or as foolish. [R.]
The modern sciolist stultifies all understanding but his own, and
that which he conceives like his own. Hazlitt.

3. (Law)

Defn: To allege or prove to be of unsound mind, so that the
performance of some act may be avoided.

STULTILOQUENCE
Stul*til"o*quence, n. Etym: [L. stultiloquentia; stultus foolish +
loquentia a talking, fr. loquens, p.pr. of loqui to talk.]

Defn: Silly talk; babbling.

STULTILOQUENT
Stul*til"o*quent, a. Etym: [Cf. L. stultiloquus. See Stultiloquence.]

Defn: Given to, or characterized by, silly talk; babbling.
 -- Stul*til"o*quent*ly, adv.

STULTILOQUY
Stul*til"o*quy, n. Etym: [L. stultiloquium.]

Defn: Foolish talk; silly discource; babbling. Jer. Taylor.

STULTY
Stul"ty, a. Etym: [L. stultus foolish.]

Defn: Foolish; silly. [Obs.] Testament of Love.

STUM
Stum, n. Etym: [D. stom must, new wort, properly, dumb; cf. F. vin
muet stum. Cf. Stammer, Stoom.]

1. Unfermented grape juice or wine, often used to raise fermentation
in dead or vapid wines; must.
Let our wines, without mixture of stum, be all fine. B. Jonson.
And with thy stum ferment their fainting cause. Dryden.

2. Wine revived by new fermentation, reulting from the admixture of
must. Hudibras.

STUM
Stum, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stummed; p. pr. & vb. n. Stumming.]

Defn: To renew, as wine, by mixing must with it and raising a new
fermentation.
We stum our wines to renew their spirits. Floyer.

STUMBLE
Stum"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stumbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Stumbling.]
Etym: [OE. stumblen, stomblen; freq. of a word akin to E. stammer.
See Stammer.]

1. To trip in walking or in moving in any way with the legs; to
strike the foot so as to fall, or to endanger a fall; to stagger
because of a false step.
There stumble steeds strong and down go all. Chaucer.
The way of the wicked is as darkness: they know at what they stumble.
Prov. iv. 19.

2. To walk in an unsteady or clumsy manner.
He stumbled up the dark avenue. Sir W. Scott.

3. To fall into a crime or an error; to err.
He that loveth his brother abideth in the light, and there is none
occasion og stumbling in him. 1 John ii. 10.

4. To strike or happen (upon a person or thing) without design; to
fall or light by chance; -- with on, upon, or against.
Ovid stumbled, by some inadvertency, upon Livia in a bath. Dryden.
Forth as she waddled in the brake, A gray goose stumbled on a snake.
C. Smart.

STUMBLE
Stum"ble, v. t.

1. To cause to stumble or trip.

2. Fig.: To mislead; to confound; to perplex; to cause to err or to
fall.
False and dazzling fires to stumble men. Milton.
One thing more stumbles me in the very foundation of this hypothesis.
Locke.

STUMBLE
Stum"ble, n.

1. A trip in walking or running.

2. A blunder; a failure; a fall from rectitude.
One stumble is enough to deface the character of an honorable life.
L'Estrange.

STUMBLER
Stum"bler, n.

Defn: One who stumbles.

STUMBLING-BLOCK
Stum"bling-block`, n.

Defn: Any cause of stumbling, perplexity, or error.
We preach Christ crucified, unto the Jews a stumbling-block, and unto
the Greeks foolishness. 1 Cor. i. 23.

STUMBLINGLY
Stum"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a stumbling manner.

STUMBLING-STONE
Stum"bling-stone`, n.

Defn: A stumbling-block.
This stumbling-stone we hope to take away. T. Burnet.

STUMP
Stump, n. Etym: [OE. stumpe, stompe; akin to D. stomp, G. stumpf,
Icel. stumpr, Dan. & Sw. stump, and perhaps also to E. stamp.]

1. The part of a tree or plant remaining in the earth after the stem
or trunk is cut off; the stub.

2. The part of a limb or other body remaining after a part is
amputated or destroyed; a fixed or rooted remnant; a stub; as, the
stump of a leg, a finger, a tooth, or a broom.

3. pl.

Defn: The legs; as, to stir one's stumps. [Slang]

4. (Cricket)

Defn: One of the three pointed rods stuck in the ground to form a
wicket and support the bails.

5. A short, thick roll of leather or paper, cut to a point, or any
similar implement, used to rub down the lines of a crayon or pencil
drawing, in shading it, or for shading drawings by producing tints
and gradations from crayon, etc., in powder.

6. A pin in a tumbler lock which forms an obstruction to throwing the
bolt, except when the gates of the tumblers are properly arranged, as
by the key; a fence; also, a pin or projection in a lock to form a
guide for a movable piece. Leg stump (Cricket), the stump nearest to
the batsman.
 -- Off stump (Cricket), the stump farthest from the batsman.
 -- Stump tracery (Arch.), a term used to describe late German Gothic
tracery, in which the molded bar seems to pass through itself in its
convolutions, and is then cut off short, so that a section of the
molding is seen at the end of each similar stump.
 -- To go on the stump, or To take the stump, to engage in making
public addresses for electioneering purposes; -- a phrase derived
from the practice of using a stump for a speaker's platform in newly-
settled districts. Hence also the phrases stump orator, stump
speaker, stump speech, stump oratory, etc. [Colloq. U.S.]

STUMP
Stump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Stumping.]

1. To cut off a part of; to reduce to a stump; to lop.
Around the stumped top soft moss did grow. Dr. H. More.

2. To strike, as the toes, against a stone or something fixed; to
stub. [Colloq.]

3. To challenge; also, to nonplus. [Colloq.]

4. To travel over, delivering speeches for electioneering purposes;
as, to stump a State, or a district. See To go on the stump, under
Stump, n. [Colloq. U.S.]

5. (Cricket)
(a) To put (a batsman) out of play by knocking off the bail, or
knocking down the stumps of the wicket he is defending while he is
off his allotted ground; -- sometimes with out. T. Hughes.
(b) To bowl down the stumps of, as, of a wicket.
A herd of boys with clamor bowled, And stumped the wicket. Tennyson.
To stump it. (a) To go afoot; hence, to run away; to escape. [Slang]
Ld. Lytton. (b) To make electioneering speeches. [Colloq. U.S.]

STUMP
Stump, v. i.

Defn: To walk clumsily, as if on stumps. To stump up, to pay cash.
[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

STUMPAGE
Stump"age, n.

1. Timber in standing trees, -- often sold without the land at a
fixed price per tree or per stump, the stumps being counted when the
land is cleared. [Local, U.S.]
Only trees above a certain size are allowed to be cut by loggers
buying stumpage from the owners of land. C. S. Sargent.

2. A tax on the amount of timber cut, regulated by the price of
lumber. [Local, U.S.] The Nation.

STUMPER
Stump"er, n.

1. One who stumps.

2. A boastful person. [Slang]

3. A puzzling or incredible story. [Slang, U.S.]

STUMPINESS
Stump"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being stumpy.

STUMP-TAILED
Stump"-tailed`, a.

Defn: Having a short, thick tail. Stump-tailed lizard (Zoöl.), a
singular Australian scincoid lizard (Trachydosaurus rugosus) having a
short, thick tail resembling its head in form; -- called also
sleeping lizard.

STUMPY
Stump"y, a.

1. Full of stumps; hard; strong.

2. Short and thick; stubby. [Colloq.] "A stumpy little man." J. C.
Harris.

STUN
Stun, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stunned; p. pr. & vb. n. Stunning.] Etym:
[OE. stonien, stownien; either fr. AS. stunian to resound (cf. D.
stenen to groan, G. stöhnen, Icel. stynja, Gr. stan to thunder, and
E. thunder), or from the same source as E. astonish. *168.]

1. To make senseless or dizzy by violence; to render senseless by a
blow, as on the head.
One hung a poleax at his saddlebow, And one a heavy mace to stun the
foe. Dryden.

2. To dull or deaden the sensibility of; to overcome; especially, to
overpower one's sense of hearing.
And stunned him with the music of the spheres. Pope.

3. To astonish; to overpower; to bewilder.
William was quite stunned at my discourse. De Foe.

STUN
Stun, n.

Defn: The condition of being stunned.

STUNDIST
Stun"dist, n. [Russ. shtundist, prob. fr. G. stunde hour; -- from
their meetings for Bible reading.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a large sect of Russian dissenters founded, about 1860,
in the village of Osnova, near Odessa, by a peasant, Onishchenko, who
had apparently been influenced by a German sect settled near there.
They zealously practice Bible reading and reject priestly dominion
and all external rites of worship. -- Stun"dism (#), n.

STUNG
Stung,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Sting.

STUNK
Stunk,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Stink.

STUNNER
Stun"ner, n.

1. One who, or that which, stuns.

2. Something striking or amazing in quality; something of
extraordinary excellence. [Slang] Thackeray.

STUNNING
Stun"ning, a.

1. Overpowering consciousness; overpowering the senses; especially,
overpowering the sense of hearing; confounding with noise.

2. Striking or overpowering with astonishment, especially on account
of excellence; as, stunning poetry. [Slang] C. Kingsley.
 -- Stun"ning*ly, adv. [Slang]

STUNSAIL
Stun"sail, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A contraction of Studding sail.
With every rag set, stunsails, sky scrapers and all. Lowell.

STUNT
Stunt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Stunting.] Etym:
[See Stint.]

Defn: To hinder from growing to the natural size; to prevent the
growth of; to stint, to dwarf; as, to stunt a child; to stunt a
plant.
When, by a cold penury, I blast the abilities of a nation, and stunt
the growth of its active energies, the ill or may do is beyond all
calculation. Burke.

STUNT
Stunt, n.

1. A check in growth; also, that which has been checked in growth; a
stunted animal or thing.

2. Specifically: A whale two years old, which, having been weaned, is
lean, and yields but little blubber.

STUNTED
Stunt"ed, a.

Defn: Dwarfed.
 -- Stunt"ed*ness, n.

STUNTNESS
Stunt"ness, n.

Defn: Stuntedness; brevity. [R.] Earle.

STUPA
Stu"pa (stoo"pa), n. Etym: [Skr. stupa.]

Defn: A mound or monument commemorative of Buddha.

STUPA
Stu"pa (stu"pa), n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: See 1st Stupe.

STUPE
Stupe, n. Etym: [L. stupa, or better stuppa, tow. Cf. Stop, v. t.]
(Med.)

Defn: Cloth or flax dipped in warm water or medicaments and applied
to a hurt or sore.

STUPE
Stupe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stuped; p. pr. & vb. n. Stuping.]

Defn: To foment with a stupe. Wiseman.

STUPE
Stupe, n. Etym: [See Stupid.]

Defn: A stupid person. [Obs.]

STUPEFACIENT
Stu`pe*fa"cient, a. Etym: [L. stupefaciens, p.pr. of stupefacere to
stupefy; stupere to be stupefied + facere to make. Cf. Stupefy.]
[Written also stupifacient.]

Defn: Producing stupefaction; stupefactive.
 -- n. (Med.)

Defn: Anything promoting stupefaction; a narcotic.

STUPEFACTION
Stu`pe*fac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. stupéfaction. See Stupefacient.]

Defn: The act of stupefying, or the state of being stupefied.
[Written also stupifaction.]
Resistance of the dictates of conscience brings a hardness and
stupefaction upon it. South.

STUPEFACTIVE
Stu`pe*fac"tive, a. & n. Etym: [Cf. F. stupéfactif, LL.
stupefactivus.]

Defn: Same as Stupefacient. [Written also stupifactive.]

STUPEFIED
Stu"pe*fied, a.

Defn: Having been made stupid.

STUPEFIEDNESS
Stu"pe*fied`ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being stupid.

STUPEFIER
Stu"pe*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, stupefies; a stupefying agent.

STUPEFY
Stu"pe*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stupefied; p. pr. & vb. n.
Stupefying.] Etym: [F. stupéfier, fr. L. stupere to be stupefied +
ficare (in comp.) to make, akin to facere. See Stupid, Fact, and cf.
Stupefacient.] [Written also stupify, especially in England.]

1. To make stupid; to make dull; to blunt the faculty of perception
or understanding in; to deprive of sensibility; to make torpid.
The fumes of drink discompose and stupefy the brain. South.

2. To deprive of material mobility. [Obs.]
It is not malleable; but yet is not fluent, but stupefied. Bacon.

STUPENDOUS
Stu*pen"dous, a. Etym: [L. stupendus astonishing, p. future pass. of
stupere to be astonished at. Cf. Stupid.]

Defn: Astonishing; wonderful; amazing; especially, astonishing in
magnitude or elevation; as, a stupendous pile. "A stupendous sum."
Macaulay.
All are but parts of one stupendous whole. Pope.
-- Stu*pen"dous*ly, adv.
 -- Stu*pen"dous*ness, n.

STUPEOUS
Stu"pe*ous, a. Etym: [L. stupa, or better stuppa, tow; cf. L.
stuppeus made of tow. Cf. Stupose.]

Defn: Resembling tow; having long, loose scales, or matted filaments,
like tow; stupose.

STUPID
Stu"pid, a. Etym: [L. stupidus, fr. stupere to be stupefied: cf. F.
stupide.]

1. Very dull; insensible; senseless; wanting in understanding; heavy;
sluggish; in a state of stupor; -- said of persons.
O that men . . . should be so stupid grown . . . As to forsake the
living God! Milton.
With wild surprise, A moment stupid, motionless he stood. Thomson.

2. Resulting from, or evincing, stupidity; formed without skill or
genius; dull; heavy; -- said of things.
Observe what loads of stupid rhymes Oppress us in corrupted times.
Swift.

Syn.
 -- Simple; insensible; sluggish; senseless; doltish; sottish; dull;
heavy; clodpated.
 -- Stu"pid*ly, adv.
 -- Stu"pid*ness, n.

STUPIDITY
Stu*pid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. stupiditas: cf. F. stupidité.]

1. The quality or state of being stupid; extreme dullness of
perception or understanding; insensibility; sluggishness.

2. Stupor; astonishment; stupefaction. [R.]
A stupidity Past admiration strikes me, joined with fear. Chapman.

STUPIFY
Stu"pi*fy, v. t.

Defn: See Stupefy.

STUPOR
Stu"por, n. Etym: [L., from stupere to be struck senseless.]

1. Great diminution or suspension of sensibility; suppression of
sense or feeling; lethargy.

2. Intellectual insensibility; moral stupidity; heedlessness or
inattention to one's interests.

STUPOSE
Stu*pose, a. Etym: [L. stupa, or better stuppa, tow. Cf. Stupeous.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Composed of, or having, tufted or matted filaments like tow;
stupeous.

STUPRATE
Stu"prate, v. t. Etym: [L. stupratus, p.p. of stuprare to ravish, fr.
stuprum defilement.]

Defn: To ravish; to debauch. [R.] Heywood.

STUPRATION
Stu*pra"tion, n.

Defn: Violation of chastity by force; rape. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

STUPRUM
Stu"prum, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Stupration.

STURB
Sturb, v. t.

Defn: To disturb. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STURDILY
Stur"di*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sturdy manner.

STURDINESS
Stur"di*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being sturdy.

STURDY
Stur"dy, a. [Compar. Sturdier; superl. Sturdiest.] Etym: [OE. sturdi
inconsiderable, OF. estourdi stunned, giddy, thoughtless, rash, F.
étourdi, p.p. of OF. estourdir to stun, to render giddy, to amaze, F.
étourdir; of uncertain origin. The sense has probably been influenced
by E. stout.]

1. Foolishly obstinate or resolute; stubborn; unrelenting; unfeeling;
stern.
This sturdy marquis gan his hearte dress To rue upon her wifely
steadfastness. Chaucer.
This must be done, and I would fain see Mortal so sturdy as to
gainsay. Hudibras.
A sturdy, hardened sinner shall advance to the utmost pitch of
impiety with less reluctance than he took the first steps. Atterbury.

2. Resolute, in a good sense; or firm, unyielding quality; as, a man
of sturdy piety or patriotism.

3. Characterized by physical strength or force; strong; lusty;
violent; as, a sturdy lout.
How bowed the woods beneath their sturdy stroke! Gray.

4. Stiff; stout; strong; as, a sturdy oak. Milton.
He was not of any delicate contexture; his limbs rather sturdy than
dainty. Sir H. Wotton.

Syn.
 -- Hardy; stout; strong; firm; robust; stiff.

STURDY
Stur"dy, n. Etym: [OF. estourdi giddiness, stupefaction.] (Vet.)

Defn: A disease in sheep and cattle, marked by great nervousness, or
by dullness and stupor.

STURGEON
Stur"geon, n. Etym: [F. esturgeon, LL. sturio, sturgio, OHG. sturjo,
G. stör; akin to AS. styria, styriga.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of large cartilaginous ganoid
fishes belonging to Acipenser and allied genera of the family
Acipenseridæ. They run up rivers to spawn, and are common on the
coasts and in the large rivers and lakes of North America, Europe,
and Asia. Caviare is prepared from the roe, and isinglass from the
air bladder.

Note: The common North American species are Acipenser sturio of the
Atlantic coast region, A. transmontanus of the Pacific coast, and A.
rubicundus of the Mississippi River and its tributaries. In Europe,
the common species is Acipenser sturio, and other well-known species
are the sterlet and the huso. The sturgeons are included in the order
Chondrostei. Their body is partially covered by five rows of large,
carinated, bony plates, of which one row runs along the back. The
tail is heterocercal. The toothless and protrusile mouth is beneath
the head, and has four barbels in front. Shovel-nosed sturgeon.
(Zoöl.) See Shovelnose (d).

STURIONES
Stu`ri*o"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from LL. sturio. See Sturgeon.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes including the sturgeons.

STURIONIAN
Stu`ri*o"ni*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the family of fishes of which the sturgeon is the type.

STURK
Sturk, n.

Defn: See Stirk. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

STURNOID
Stur"noid, a. Etym: [L. sturnus a starling + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the starlings.

STURT
Sturt, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Start, v. i.]

Defn: To vex; to annoy; to startle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

STURT
Sturt, n.

1. Disturbance; annoyance; care. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] "Sturt
and care." J. Rolland.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A bargain in tribute mining by which the tributor profits.
Raymond.

STURTION
Stur"tion, n.

Defn: A corruption of Nasturtion.

STUT
Stut, v. i.

Defn: To stutter. [Obs.] Skelton.

STUTTER
Stut"ter, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Stuttered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Stuttering.] Etym: [Freq. of stut, OE. stoten; probably of Dutch or
Low German origin; cf. D. & LG. stotteren, G. stottern, D. stooten to
push, to strike; akin to G. stossen, Icel. stauta, Sw. stöta, Dan.
stöde, Goth. stautan, L. tundere, Skr. tud to thrust. Cf. Contuse,
Obtuse.]

Defn: To hesitate or stumble in uttering words; to speak with
spasmodic repetition or pauses; to stammer.
Trembling, stuttering, calling for his confessor. Macaulay.

STUTTER
Stut"ter, n.

1. The act of stuttering; a stammer. See Stammer, and Stuttering.

2. One who stutters; a stammerer. [Obs.] Bacon.

STUTTERER
Stut"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who stutters; a stammerer.

STUTTERING
Stut"ter*ing, n.

Defn: The act of one who stutters; -- restricted by some
physiologists to defective speech due to inability to form the proper
sounds, the breathing being normal, as distinguished from stammering.

STUTTERING
Stut"ter*ing, a.

Defn: Apt to stutter; hesitating; stammering.
 -- Stut"ter*ing*ly, adv.

STY
Sty, n.; pl. Sties (. [Written also stigh.] Etym: [AS. stigu, fr.
stigan to rise; originally, probably, a place into which animals
climbed or went up. *164. See Sty, v. i., and cf. Steward.]

1. A pen or inclosure for swine.

2. A place of bestial debauchery.
To roll with pleasure in a sensual sty. Milton.

STY
Sty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stied; p. pr. & vb. n. Stying.]

Defn: To shut up in, or as in, a sty. Shak.

STY
Sty, v. i. Etym: [OE. stien, sti, AS. stigan to rise; akin to D.
stijgen, OS. & OHG. stigan, G. steigen, Icel. stiga, Sw. stiga, Dan.
stige, Goth. steigan, L. vestigium footstep, Gr. stigh to mount. Cf.
Distich, Stair steps, Stirrup, Sty a boil, a pen for swine, Vestige.]

Defn: To soar; to ascend; to mount. See Stirrup. [Obs.]
With bolder wing shall dare aloft to sty, To the last praises of this
Faery Queene. Spenser.

STY
Sty, n. Etym: [For older styan, styanye, understood as sty on eye,
AS. stigend (sc. eáge eye), properly, rising, or swelling (eye), p.p.
of stigan to rise. See Sty, v. i.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflamed swelling or boil on the edge of the eyelid.
[Written also stye.]

STYAN
Sty"an, n.

Defn: See Sty, a boil. [R.] De quincey.

STYCA
Sty"ca, n. Etym: [LL., fr. AS. stic, styc, stycge.]

Defn: An anglo-Saxon copper coin of the lowest value, being worth
half a farthing. S. M. Leake.

STYCERIN
Sty"cer*in, n. Etym: [Styryl + glycerin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A triacid alcohol, related to glycerin, and obtained from
certain styryl derivatives as a yellow, gummy, amorphous substance; -
- called also phenyl glycerin.

STYE
Stye, n.

Defn: See Sty, a boil.

STYGIAL
Styg"i*al, a.

Defn: Stygian. [R.] Skelton.

STYGIAN
Styg"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Stygius, fr. Styx, Stygis, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the river Styx; hence, hellish; infernal.
See Styx.
At that so sudden blaze, the Stygian throng Bent their aspect.
Milton.

STYLAGALMAIC
Sty`la*gal*ma"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: Performing the office of columns; as, Atlantes and Caryatides
are stylagalmaic figures or images. [Written also stylogalmaic.]

STYLAR
Sty"lar, a.

Defn: See Stilar.

STYLASTER
Sty*las"ter, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of delicate, usually pink,
calcareous hydroid corals of the genus Stylaster.

STYLE
Style, n. Etym: [OE. stile, F. style, Of. also stile, L. stilus a
style or writing instrument, manner or writing, mode of expression;
probably for stiglus, meaning, a pricking instrument, and akin to E.
stick. See Stick, v. t., and cf. Stiletto. The spelling with y is due
to a supposed connection with Gr.

1. An instrument used by the ancients in writing on tablets covered
with wax, having one of its ends sharp, and the other blunt, and
somewhat expanded, for the purpose of making erasures by smoothing
the wax.

2. Hence, anything resembling the ancient style in shape or use.
Specifically: --
(a) A pen; an author's pen. Dryden.
(b) A sharp-pointed tool used in engraving; a graver.
(c) A kind of blunt-pointed surgical instrument.
(d) (Zoöl.) A long, slender, bristlelike process, as the anal styles
of insects. (e) Etym: [Perhaps fr. Gr.

Defn: The pin, or gnomon, of a dial, the shadow of which indicates
the hour. See Gnomon. (f) Etym: [Probably fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The elongated part of a pistil between the ovary and the
stigma. See Illust. of Stamen, and of Pistil.

3. Mode of expressing thought in language, whether oral or written;
especially, such use of language in the expression of thought as
exhibits the spirit and faculty of an artist; choice or arrangement
of words in discourse; rhetorical expression.
High style, as when that men to kinges write. Chaucer.
Style is the dress of thoughts. Chesterfield.
Proper words in proper places make the true definition of style.
Swift.
It is style alone by which posterity will judge of a great work. I.
Disraeli.

4. Mode of presentation, especially in music or any of the fine arts;
a characteristic of peculiar mode of developing in idea or
accomplishing a result.
The ornamental style also possesses its own peculiar merit. Sir J.
Reynolds.

5. Conformity to a recognized standard; manner which is deemed
elegant and appropriate, especially in social demeanor; fashion.
According to the usual style of dedications. C. Middleton.

6. Mode or phrase by which anything is formally designated; the
title; the official designation of any important body; mode of
address; as, the style of Majesty.
One style to a gracious benefactor, another to a proud, insulting
foe. Burke.

7. (Chron.)

Defn: A mode of reckoning time, with regard to the Julian and
Gregorian calendars.

Note: Style is Old or New. The Old Style follows the Julian manner of
computing the months and days, or the calendar as established by
Julius Cæsar, in which every fourth year consists of 366 days, and
the other years of 365 days. This is about 11 minutes in a year too
much. Pope Georgy XIII. reformed the calendar by retrenching 10 days
in October, 1582, in order to bring back the vernal equinox to the
same day as at the time of the Council of Nice, A.D. 325. This
reformation was adopted by act of the British Parliament in 1751, by
which act 11 days in September, 1752, were retrenched, and the third
day was reckoned the fourteenth. This mode of reckoning is called New
Style, according to which every year divisible by 4, unless it is
divisible by 100 without being divisible by 400, has 366 days, and
any other year 365 days. Style of court, the practice or manner
observed by a court in its proceedings. Ayliffe.

Syn.
 -- Diction; phraseology; manner; course; title. See Diction.

STYLE
Style, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Styled; p. pr. & vb. n. Styling.]

Defn: To entitle; to term, name, or call; to denominate. "Styled
great conquerors." Milton.
How well his worth and brave adventures styled. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To call; name; denominate; designate; term; characterize.

STYLET
Sty"let, n. Etym: [F., dim. of style; cf. It. stiletto. See
Stiletto.]

Defn: A small poniard; a stiletto.

2. (Surg.)
(a) An instrument for examining wounds and fistulas, and for passing
setons, and the like; a probe, -- called also specillum.
(b) A stiff wire, inserted in catheters or other tubular instruments
to maintain their shape and prevent clogging.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small, more or less rigid, bristlelike organ; as, the
caudal stylets of certain insects; the ventral stylets of certain
Infusoria.

STYLIFEROUS
Sty*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Style + -ferous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing one or more styles.

STYLIFORM
Sty"li*form, a. Etym: [Style + -form: cf. F. styliforme.]

Defn: Having the form of, or resembling, a style, pin, or pen;
styloid.

STYLISH
Styl"ish, a.

Defn: Having style or artistic quality; given to, or fond of, the
display of style; highly fashionable; modish; as, a stylish dress,
house, manner.
 -- Styl"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Styl"ish*ness, n.

STYLIST
Styl"ist, n.

Defn: One who is a master or a model of style, especially in writing
or speaking; a critic of style.
Distinguished as a stylist, for ease. Fitzed. Hall.

STYLISTIC
Sty*lis"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to style in language. [R.] "Stylistic
trifles." J. A. Symonds.
The great stylistic differences in the works ascribed to him
[Wyclif]. G. P. Marsh.

STYLITE
Sty"lite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of anchorites in the early church, who lived on
the tops of pillars for the exercise of their patience; -- called
also pillarist and pillar saint.

STYLO-
Sty"lo-.

Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with,
or relation to, the styloid process of the temporal bone; as,
stylohyal, stylomastoid, stylomaxillary.

STYLOBATE
Sty"lo*bate, n. Etym: [L. stylobates, stylobata, Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: The uninterrupted and continuous flat band, coping, or pavement
upon which the bases of a row of columns are supported. See Sub-base.

STYLOGLOSSAL
Sty`lo*glos"sal, a. Etym: [Stylo- + glossal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to styloid process and the tongue.

STYLOGRAPH
Sty"lo*graph, n.

Defn: A stylographic pen.

STYLOGRAPHIC
Sty`lo*graph"ic, a.

1. Of or pertaining to stylography; used in stylography; as,
stylographic tablets.

2. Pertaining to, or used in, stylographic pen; as, stylographic ink.
Stylographic pen, a pen with a conical point like that of a style,
combined with a reservoir for supplying it with ink.
 -- Stylographic pencil, a pencil used in stylography.

STYLOGRAPHICAL
Sty`lo*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Same as Stylographic, 1.
 -- Sty`lo*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

STYLOGRAPHY
Sty*log"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Style + -graphy.]

Defn: A mode of writing or tracing lines by means of a style on cards
or tablets.

STYLOHYAL
Sty`lo*hy"al, n. Etym: [Stylo- + the Gr. letter (Anat.)

Defn: A segment in the hyoidean arch between the epihyal and
tympanohyal.

STYLOHYOID
Sty`lo*hy"oid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the styloid process and the hyoid bone.

STYLOID
Sty"loid, a. Etym: [Style + -oid: cf. F. styloïde, Gr.

1. Styliform; as, the styloid process.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the styloid process. Styloid process
(Anat.), a long and slender process from the lower side of the
temporal bone of man, corresponding to the tympanohyal and stylohyal
of other animals.

STYLOMASTOID
Sty`lo*mas"toid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the styloid and mastoid processes of the
temporal bone.

STYLOMAXILLARY
Sty`lo*max"il*la*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the styloid process and the maxilla.

STYLOMETER
Sty*lom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring columns.

STYLOMMATA
Sty*lom"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Same as Stylommatophora.

STYLOMMATOPHORA
Sty*lom`ma*toph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Pulmonata in which the eyes are situated at the
tips of the tentacles. It includes the common land snails and slugs.
See Illust. under Snail.

STYLOMMATOPHOROUS
Sty*lom`ma*toph"o*rous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Stylommatophora.

STYLOPODIUM
Sty`lo*po"di*um, n.; pl. Stylopodia. Etym: [NL. See Style, and
Podium.] (Bot.)

Defn: An expansion at the base of the style, as in umbelliferous
plants.

STYLOPS
Sty"lops, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of minute insects parasitic, in their larval state, on
bees and wasps. It is the typical genus of the group Strepsiptera,
formerly considered a distinct order, but now generally referred to
the Coleoptera. See Strepsiptera.

STYLUS
Sty"lus, n. Etym: [L. stylus, or better stilus.]

Defn: An instrument for writing. See Style, n., 1. That needle-shaped
part at the tip of the playing arm of phonograph which sits in the
groove of a phonograph record while it is turning, to detect the
undulations in the phonograph groove and convert them into vibrations
which are transmitted to a system (since 1920 electronic) which
converts the signal into sound; also called needle. The stylus is
frequently composed of metal or diamond. 3. The needle-like device
used to cut the grooves which record the sound on the original disc
during recording of a phonograph record. 4. (Computers)

Defn: A pen-shaped pointing device used to specify the cursor
position on a graphics tablet.

STYMIE; STIMY
Sty"mie, n. Also Sti"my. [Orig. uncertain.] (Golf)

Defn: The position of two balls on the putting green such that, being
more than six inches apart, one ball lies directly between the other
and the hole at which the latter must be played; also, the act of
bringing the balls into this position.

STYMIE; STIMY
Sty"mie, v. t. Also Sti"my. (Golf)

Defn: To bring into the position of, or impede by, a stymie.

STYPHNATE
Styph"nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of styphnic acid.

STYPHNIC
Styph"nic, a. Etym: [Gr. (spurious) sty`fein to contract.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a yellow crystalline astringent
acid, (NO2)3.C6H.(OH)2, obtained by the action of nitric acid on
resorcin. Styphnic acid resembles picric acid, but is not bitter. It
acts like a strong dibasic acid, having a series of well defined
salts.

STYPTIC
Styp"tic, a. Etym: [L. stypticus, Gr.

Defn: Producing contraction; stopping bleeding; having the quality of
restraining hemorrhage when applied to the bleeding part; astringent.
[Written also stiptic.] Styptic weed (Bot.), an American leguminous
herb (Cassia occidentalis) closely related to the wild senna.

STYPTIC
Styp"tic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A styptic medicine.

STYPTICAL
Styp"tic*al, a.

Defn: Styptic; astringent.

STYPTICITY
Styp*tic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. stypticité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being styptic; astringency.

STYRACIN
Styr"a*cin, n. Etym: [See Styrax.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline tasteless substance extracted from gum
storax, and consisting of a salt of cinnamic acid with cinnamic
alcohol.

STYRAX
Sty"rax, n. Etym: [L. styrax, storax, Gr. Storax.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs and trees, mostly American or Asiatic,
abounding in resinous and aromatic substances. Styrax officinalis
yields storax, and S. Benzoin yields benzoin.

2. Same as Storax.

STYROL
Sty"rol, n. Etym: [Styrax + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Styrolene.

STYROLENE
Sty"ro*lene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C8H8, obtained by the distillation
of storax, by the decomposition of cinnamic acid, and by the
condensation of acetylene, as a fragrant, aromatic, mobile liquid; --
called also phenyl ethylene, vinyl benzene, styrol, styrene, and
cinnamene.

STYRONE
Sty"rone, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance having a sweet taste and a
hyacinthlike odor, obtained by the decomposition of styracin; --
properly called cinnamic, or styryl, alcohol.

STYRYL
Sty"ryl, n. Etym: [Styrax + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical found in certain derivatives of
styrolene and cinnamic acid; -- called also cinnyl, or cinnamyl.

STYTHE
Stythe, n. (Mining)

Defn: Choke damp.

STYTHY
Styth"y, n. & v.

Defn: See Stithy.

STYX
Styx, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The principal river of the lower world, which had to be crossed
in passing to the regions of the dead.

SUABILITY
Su`a*bil"i*ty, n. (Law)

Defn: Liability to be sued; the state of being subjected by law to
civil process.

SUABLE
Su"a*ble, a. (Law)

Defn: Capable of being sued; subject by law to be called to answer in
court. Story.

SUADE
Suade, v. t. Etym: [L. suadere.]

Defn: To persuade. [Obs.]

SUADIBLE
Suad"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. suadibilis.]

Defn: Suasible. [Obs.] Wyclif (James iii. 17).

SUAGE
Suage, v. t.

Defn: To assuage. [Obs.] Dryden.

SUANT
Su"ant, a. Etym: [Cf. Sue to pursue.]

Defn: Spread equally over the surface; uniform; even. [Written also
suent.] [Local, U.S. & Prov. Eng.] -- Su"ant*ly, adv. [Local, U.S. &
Prov. Eng.]

SUASIBLE
Sua"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. suadere, suasum, to persuade.]

Defn: Capable of being persuaded; easily persuaded.

SUASION
Sua"sion, n. Etym: [L. suasio, fr. suadere, suasum, to advise,
persuade, fr. suadus persuading, persuasive; akin to suavis sweet:
cf. OF. suasion. See Suave, and cf. Dissuade, Persuade.]

Defn: The act of persuading; persuasion; as, moral suasion.

SUASIVE
Sua"sive, a.

Defn: Having power to persuade; persuasive; suasory. South. "Genial
and suasive satire." Earle.
 -- Sua"sive*ly, adv.

SUASORY
Sua"so*ry, a. Etym: [L. suasorius: cf. F. suasoire.]

Defn: Tending to persuade; suasive.

SUAVE
Suave, a. Etym: [L. suavis sweet, pleasant: cf. F. suave. See Sweet,
and cf. Suasion.]

Defn: Sweet; pleasant; delightful; gracious or agreeable in manner;
bland.
 -- Suave"ly, adv.

SUAVIFY
Suav"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suavified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Suavifying.] Etym: [Suave + -fy.]

Defn: To make affable or suave.

SUAVILOQUENT
Sua*vil"o*quent, a. Etym: [L. suaviloquens; suavis sweet + loquens,
p.pr. of loqui to speak.]

Defn: Sweetly speaking; using agreeable speech. [R.]

SUAVILOQUY
Sua*vil"o*quy, n. Etym: [L. suaviloquium.]

Defn: Sweetness of speech. [R.]

SUAVITY
Suav"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. suavitas: cf. F. suavité.]

1. Sweetness to the taste. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. The quality of being sweet or pleasing to the mind; agreeableness;
softness; pleasantness; gentleness; urbanity; as, suavity of manners;
suavity of language, conversation, or address. Glanvill.

SUB-
Sub-. Etym: [L. sub under, below; akin to Gr. upa to, on, under,
over. Cf. Hypo-, Super-.]

1. A prefix signifying under, below, beneath, and hence often, in an
inferior position or degree, in an imperfect or partial state, as in
subscribe, substruct, subserve, subject, subordinate, subacid,
subastringent, subgranular, suborn. Sub- in Latin compounds often
becomes sum- before m, sur before r, and regularly becomes suc-, suf-
, sug-, and sup- before c, f, g, and p respectively. Before c, p, and
t it sometimes takes form sus- (by the dropping of b from a
collateral form, subs-).

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix denoting that the ingredient (of a compound) signified
by the term to which it is prefixed,is present in only a small
proportion, or less than the normal amount; as, subsulphide,
suboxide, etc. Prefixed to the name of a salt it is equivalent to
basic; as, subacetate or basic acetate. [Obsoles.]

SUB
Sub, n.

Defn: A subordinate; a subaltern. [Colloq.]

SUBACETATE
Sub*ac"e*tate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An acetate containing an excess of the basic constituent.

SUBACID
Sub*ac"id, a. Etym: [L. subacidus. See Sub-, Acid.]

Defn: Moderately acid or sour; as, some plants have subacid juices.
 -- n.

Defn: A substance moderately acid.

SUBACRID
Sub*ac"rid, a.

Defn: Moderalely acrid or harsh.

SUBACROMIAL
Sub`a*cro"mi*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated beneath the acromial process of the scapula.

SUBACT
Sub*act", v. t. Etym: [L. subactus, p.p. of subigere to subdue; sub
under + agere to lead, bring.]

Defn: To reduce; to subdue. [Obs.] Bacon.

SUBACTION
Sub*ac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. L. subactio a working up, discipline.]

Defn: The act of reducing to any state, as of mixing two bodies
combletely. [Obs.] Bacon.

SUBACUTE
Sub`a*cute", a.

Defn: Moderalely acute.

SUBADUNCATE
Sub`a*dun"cate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Somewhat hooked or curved.

SUBADVOCATE
Sub*ad"vo*cate, n.

Defn: An under or subordinate advocate.

SUBAERIAL
Sub`a*ë"ri*al, a.

Defn: Beneath the sky; in the open air; specifically (Geol.), taking
place on the earth's surface, as opposed to subaqueous.

SUBAGENCY
Sub*a"gen*cy, n.

Defn: A subordinate agency.

SUBAGENT
Sub*a"gent, n. (Law)

Defn: A person employed by an agent to transact the whole, or a part,
of the business intrusted to the latter. Bouvier. Chitty.

SUBAGITATION
Sub*ag`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. subagitatio, fr. subagitare to lie
with illicity.]

Defn: Unlawful sexual intercourse. [Obs.]

SUBAH
Su"bah, n. Etym: [Per. & Hinf. s.]

Defn: A province; a government, as of a viceroy; also, a subahdar.
[India]

SUBAHDAR
Su"bah*dar, n. Etym: [Per. & Hinf. s, Per. s a province + dar
holding, keeping.]

Defn: A viceroy; a governor of a subah; also, a native captain in the
British native army. [India]

SUBAHDARY; SUBAHSHIP
Su"bah*dar`y, Su"bah*ship, n.

Defn: The office or jurisdiction of a subahdar.

SUBAID
Sub*aid", v. t.

Defn: To aid secretly; to assist in a private manner, or indirectly.
[R.] Daniel.

SUBALMONER
Sub*al"mon*er, n.

Defn: An under almoner.

SUBALPINE
Sub*al"pine, a. Etym: [L. subalpinus.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Inhabiting the somewhat high slopes and summits of mountains,
but considerably below the snow line.

SUBALTERN
Sub*al"tern, a. Etym: [F. subalterne, LL. subalternus, fr. L. sub
under + alter the one, the other of two. See Alter.]

1. Ranked or ranged below; subordinate; inferior; specifically
(Mil.), ranking as a junior officer; being below the rank of captain;
as, a subaltern officer.

2. (Logic)

Defn: Asserting only a part of what is asserted in a related
proposition. Subaltern genus. (Logic) See under Genus.

SUBALTERN
Sub*al"tern, n.

1. A person holding a subordinate position; specifically, a
commissioned military officer below the rank of captain.

2. (Logic)

Defn: A subaltern proposition. Whately.

SUBALTERNANT
Sub`al*ter"nant, n. (Logic)

Defn: A universal proposition. See Subaltern, 2. Whately.

SUBALTERNATE
Sub`al*ter"nate, a.

1. Succeeding by turns; successive.

2. Subordinate; subaltern; inferior.
All their subalternate and several kinds. Evelyn.

SUBALTERNATE
Sub`al*ter"nate, n. (Logic)

Defn: A particular proposition, as opposed to a universal one. See
Subaltern, 2.

SUBALTERNATING
Sub*al"ter*na`ting, a.

Defn: Subalternate; successive.

SUBALTERNATION
Sub*al"ter*na`tion, n.

Defn: The state of being subalternate; succession of turns;
subordination.

SUBANGULAR
Sub*an"gu*lar, a.

Defn: Slightly angular.

SUBAPENNINE
Sub*ap"en*nine, a.

Defn: Under, or at the foot of, the Apennine mountains; -- applied,
in geology, to a series of Tertiary strata of the older Pliocene
period.

SUBAPICAL
Sub*ap"ic*al, a.

Defn: Being under the apex; of or pertaining to the part just below
the apex.

SUBAQUANEOUS
Sub`a*qua"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. subaquaneus; sub + aqua water.]

Defn: Subaqueous. [Obs.]

SUBAQUATIC; SUBAQUEOUS
Sub`a*quat"ic, Sub*a"que*ous, a.

1. Being under water, or beneath the surface of water; adapted for
use under water; submarine; as, a subaqueous helmet.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Formed in or under water; as, subaqueous deposits.

SUBARACHNOID; SUBARACHNOIDAL
Sub`a*rach"noid, Sub*ar`ach*noid"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the arachnoid membrane.

SUBARCTIC
Sub*arc"tic, a.

Defn: Approximately arctic; belonging to a region just without the
arctic circle.

SUBARCUATE; SUBARCUATED
Sub*ar"cu*ate, Sub*ar"cu*a`ted, a.

Defn: Having a figure resembling that of a bow; somewhat curved or
arched.

SUBARRATION
Sub`ar*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. arra, arrha, earnest money.
See Earnest a pledge.]

Defn: The ancient custom of betrothing by the bestowal, on the part
of the man, of marriage gifts or tokens, as money, rings, or other
presents, upon the woman.

SUBARYTENOID
Sub`a*ryt"e*noid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the arytenoid cartilage of the larynx.

SUBASTRAL
Sub*as"tral, a.

Defn: Beneath the stars or heavens; terrestrial. Bp. Warburton.

SUBASTRINGENT
Sub`as*trin"gent, a.

Defn: Somewhat astringent.

SUBATOM
Sub*at"om, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical component of a chemical atom, on the theory that
the elements themselves are complex substances; -- called also
atomicule.

SUBAUD
Sub*aud", v. t. Etym: [L. subaudire, subauditum; sub under + audire
to hear.]

Defn: To understand or supply in an ellipsis. [R.]

SUBAUDITION
Sub`au*di"tion, n. Etym: [L. subauditio.]

Defn: The act of understanding, or supplying, something not
expressed; also, that which is so understood or supplied. Trench.

SUBAXILLARY
Sub*ax"il*la*ry, a.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the axilla, or armpit.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Placed under the axil, or angle formed by the branch of a plant
with the stem, or a leaf with the branch.

SUBBASAL
Sub*ba"sal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Near the base.

SUB-BASE
Sub"-base`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The lowest member of a base when divided horizontally, or of a
baseboard, pedestal, or the like.

SUB-BASS
Sub"-bass`, n. (Mus.)

Defn: The deepest pedal stop, or the lowest tones of an organ; the
fundamental or ground bass. [Written also sub-base.] Ayliffe.

SUBBEADLE
Sub*bea"dle, n.

Defn: An under beadle.

SUBBRACHIAL
Sub*brach"i*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the subbrachians.

SUBBRACHIALES
Sub*brach`i*a"les, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Sub-, and Brachial.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of soft-finned fishes in which the ventral fins are
situated beneath the pectorial fins, or nearly so.

SUBBRACHIAN
Sub*brach"i*an, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + brachium.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Subbrachiales.

SUBBREED
Sub"breed`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A race or strain differing in certain characters from the
parent breed; an incipient breed.

SUBBRONCHIAL
Sub*bron"chi*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the bronchi; as, the
subbronchial air sacs of birds.

SUBCALIBER
Sub*cal"i*ber, a.

Defn: Smaller than the caliber of a firearm. [Written also
subcalibre.] Subcaliber projectile, a projectile having a smaller
diameter than the caliber of the arm from which it is fired, and to
which it is fitted by means of a sabot. Knight.

SUBCARBONATE
Sub*car"bon*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A carbonate containing an excess of the basic constituent.

SUBCARBONIFEROUS
Sub*car`bon*if"er*ous, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lowest division of the Carboniferous
formations underlying the proper coal measures. It was a marine
formation characterized in general by beds of limestone.
 -- n.

Defn: The Subcarboniferous period or formation.

SUBCARBURETED
Sub*car"bu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: United with, or containing, carbon in less than the normal
proportion. [Written also subcarburetted.] [Obsoles.]

SUBCARTILAGINOUS
Sub*car`ti*lag"i*nous, a. (Anat.)
(a) Situated under or beneath a cartilage or cartilages.
(b) Partially cartilaginous.

SUBCAUDAL
Sub*cau"dal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the tail; as, the
subcaudal, or chevron, bones.

SUBCELESTIAL
Sub`ce*les"tial, a.

Defn: Being beneath the heavens; as, subcelestial glories. Barrow.

SUBCELLAR
Sub*cel"lar, n.

Defn: A cellar beneath another story wholly or partly underground;
usually, a cellar under a cellar.

SUBCENTRAL
Sub*cen"tral, a.

1. Under the center.

2. Nearly central; not quite central.

SUBCHANTER
Sub*chant"er, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: An underchanter; a precentor's deputy in a cathedral; a
succentor.

SUBCIRCULAR
Sub*cir"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Nearly circular.

SUBCLASS
Sub"class`, n.

Defn: One of the natural groups, more important than an order, into
which some classes are divided; as, the angiospermous subclass of
exogens.

SUBCLAVIAN
Sub*cla"vi*an, a. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. clavis a key. See Clavicle.]
(Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the clavicle, or collar bone; as, the subclavian
arteries.

SUBCOLUMNAR
Sub`co*lum"nar, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Having an imperfect or interrupted columnar structure.

SUBCOMMITTEE
Sub`com*mit"tee, n.

Defn: An under committee; a part or division of a committee.
Yet by their sequestrators and subcommittees abroad . . . those
orders were commonly disobeyed. Milton.

SUBCOMPRESSED
Sub`com*pressed", a.

Defn: Not fully compressed; partially or somewhat compressed.

SUBCONCAVE
Sub*con"cave, a.

Defn: Slightly concave. Owen.

SUBCONFORMABLE
Sub`con*form"a*ble, a.

Defn: Partially conformable.

SUBCONICAL
Sub*con"ic*al, a.

Defn: Slightly conical.

SUBCONJUNCTIVAL
Sub*con`junc*ti"val, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the conjunctiva.

SUBCONSCIOUS
Sub*con"scious, a.

1. Occurring without the possibility or the fact of an attendant
consciousness; -- said of states of the soul.

2. Partially conscious; feebly conscious.

SUBCONSCIOUSNESS
Sub*con"scious*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being subconscious; a state of mind in
which perception and other mental processes occur without distinct
consciousness.

SUBCONSTELLATION
Sub*con`stel*la"tion, n. (Astron.)

Defn: A subordinate constellation. Sir T. Browne.

SUBCONTRACT
Sub*con"tract, n.

Defn: A contract under, or subordinate to, a previous contract.

SUBCONTRACTED
Sub`con*tract"ed, a.

1. Contracted after a former contract.

2. Betrothed for the second time. [Obs.] Shak.

SUBCONTRACTOR
Sub`con*tract"or, n.

Defn: One who takes a portion of a contract, as for work, from the
principal contractor.

SUBCONTRARY
Sub*con"tra*ry, a.

1. Contrary in an inferior degree.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: Having, or being in, a contrary order; -- said of a section of
an oblique cone having a circular base made by a plane not parallel
to the base, but so inclined to the axis that the section is a
circle; applied also to two similar triangles when so placed as to
have a common angle at the vertex, the opposite sides not being
parallel. Brande & C.

3. (Logic)

Defn: Denoting the relation of opposition between the particular
affirmative and particular negative. Of these both may be true and
only one can be false.

SUBCONTRARY
Sub*con"tra*ry, n.; pl. Subcontraries (. (Logic)

Defn: A subcontrary proposition; a proposition inferior or contrary
in a lower degree.

SUBCORACOID
Sub*cor"a*coid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the coracoid process of the scapula; as, the
subcoracoid dislocation of the humerus.

SUBCORDATE
Sub*cor"date, a.

Defn: Somewhat cordate; somewhat like a heart in shape.

SUBCORNEOUS
Sub*cor"ne*ous, a. (Anat.)
(a) Situated under a horny part or layer.
(b) Partially horny.

SUBCOSTAL
Sub*cos"tal, a. (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated below the costas, or ribs; as, the subcostal muscles.

Note: The subcostal muscles are distinct from, and within, the
intercostal.

SUBCOSTAL
Sub*cos"tal, n.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A subcostal muscle.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the principal nervures of the wings of an insect. It is
situated next beneath or behind the costal. See Nervure.

SUBCRANIAL
Sub*cra"ni*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the cranium; facial.

SUBCRUSTACEOUS
Sub`crus*ta"ceous, a.

Defn: Occurring beneath a crust or scab; as, a subcrustaceous
cicatrization.

SUBCRYSTALLINE
Sub*crys"tal*line, a.

Defn: Imperfectly crystallized.

SUBCULTRATE; SUBCULTRATED
Sub*cul"trate, Sub*cul"tra*ted, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a form resembling that of a colter, or straight on one
side and curved on the other.

SUBCUTANEOUS
Sub`cu*ta"ne*ous, a.

Defn: Situated under the skin; hypodermic.
 -- Sub`cu*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv. Subcutaneous operation (Surg.), an
operation performed without opening that part of the skin opposite
to, or over, the internal section.

SUBCUTICULAR
Sub`cu*tic"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the cuticle, or scarfskin.

SUBCYLINDRICAL; SUBCYLINDRIC
Sub`cy*lin"dric*al, Sub`cy*lin"dric, a.

Defn: Imperfectly cylindrical; approximately cylindrical.

SUBDEACON
Sub*dea"con, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + deacon: cf. L. subdiaconus.]
(Eccl.)

Defn: One belonging to an order in the Roman Catholic Church, next
interior to the order of deacons; also, a member of a minor order in
the Greek Church.

SUBDEACONRY; SUBDEACONSHIP
Sub*dea"con*ry, Sub*dea"con*ship, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: The order or office of subdeacon.

SUBDEAN
Sub"dean`, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + dean: cf. F. sousdoyen.]

Defn: An under dean; the deputy or substitute of a dean. Ayliffe.

SUBDEANERY
Sub*dean"er*y, n.

Defn: Office or rank of subdean.

SUBDECANAL
Sub*dec"a*nal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a subdean or subdeanery.

SUBDECUPLE
Sub*dec"u*ple, a.

Defn: Containing one part of ten.

SUBDELEGATE
Sub*del"e*gate, n.

Defn: A subordinate delegate, or one with inferior powers.

SUBDELEGATE
Sub*del"e*gate, v. t.

Defn: To appoint to act as subdelegate, or as a subordinate; to
depete.

SUBDENTED
Sub*dent"ed, a.

Defn: Indented beneath.

SUBDEPARTMENT
Sub`de*part"ment, n.

Defn: A subordinate department; a bureau. See the Note under Bureau.

SUBDEPOSIT
Sub`de*pos"it, n.

Defn: That which is deposited beneath something else.

SUBDERISORIOUS
Sub`der*i*so"ri*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. derisorius. See
Derisory.]

Defn: Ridiculing with moderation. [R.] Dr. H. More.

SUBDERIVATIVE
Sub`de*riv"a*tive, n.

Defn: A word derived from a derivative, and not directly from the
root; as, "friendliness" is a subderivative, being derived from
"friendly", which is in turn a derivative from "friend."

SUBDIACONATE
Sub`di*ac"o*nate, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a subdeacon, or to the office or rank of a
subdeacon.

SUBDIACONATE
Sub`di*ac"o*nate, n.

Defn: The office or rank of a subdeacon.

SUBDIAL
Sub*di"al, a. Etym: [L. subdialis in the open air.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the open air; being under the open sky.
[R.] N. Bacon.

SUBDIALECT
Sub*di"a*lect, n.

Defn: A subordinate dialect.

SUBDICHOTOMY
Sub`di*chot"o*my, n.

Defn: A subordinate, or inferior, division into parts; a subdivision.
[R.]
Many subdichatomies of petty schisms. Milton.

SUBDILATED
Sub`di*lat"ed, a.

Defn: Partially dilated.

SUBDITITIOUS
Sub`di*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. subdititius, subditicius, fr. subdere
to substitute.]

Defn: Put secretly in the place of something else; foisted in. [R.]

SUBDIVERSIFY
Sub`di*ver"si*fy, v. t.

Defn: To diversify aggain what is already diversified. [R.] Sir M.
Hale.

SUBDIVIDE
Sub`di*vide", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subdivided; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subdividing.] Etym: [L. subdividere, sub under + dividere to divide.
See Divide.]

Defn: To divide the parts of (anything) into more parts; to part into
smaller divisions; to divide again, as what has already been divided.
The progenies of Cham and Japhet swarmed into colonies, and those
colonies were subdivided into many others. Dryden.

SUBDIVIDE
Sub`di*vide", v. i.

Defn: To be, or to become, subdivided.

SUBDIVINE
Sub`di*vine", a.

Defn: Partaking of divinity; divine in a partial or lower degree. Bp.
Hall.

SUBDIVISIBLE
Sub`di*vis"i*ble, a.

Defn: Susceptible of subdivision.

SUBDIVISION
Sub`di*vi"sion, n. Etym: [L. subdivisio: cf. F. subdivision.]

1. The act of subdividing, or separating a part into smaller parts.

2. A part of a thing made by subdividing.
In the decimal table, the subdivision of the cubit, as span, palm,
and digit, are deduced from the shorter cubit. Arbuthnot.

SUBDOLOUS
Sub"do*lous, a. Etym: [L. subdolus, sub + dolus deceit.]

Defn: Sly; crafty; cunning; artful. [R.]

SUBDOMINANT
Sub*dom"i*nant, n. (Mus.)

Defn: The fourth tone above, or fifth below, the tonic; -- so called
as being under the dominant.

SUBDUABLE
Sub*du"a*ble, a.

Defn: Able to be subdued.

SUBDUAL
Sub*du"al, n.

Defn: Act of subduing. Bp. Warburton.

SUBDUCE; SUBDUCT
Sub*duce", Sub*duct", v. t. Etym: [L. subducere, subductum; sub under
+ ducere to lead, to draw. See Duke, and cf. Subdue.]

1. To withdraw; to take away. Milton.

2. To subtract by arithmetical operation; to deduct.
If, out of that infinite multitude of antecedent generations, we
should subduce ten. Sir M. Hale.

SUBDUCTION
Sub*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. subductio.]

1. The act of subducting or taking away. Bp. Hall.

2. Arithmetical subtraction. Sir M. Hale.

SUBDUE
Sub*due", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subdued; p. pr. & vb. n. Subduing.]
Etym: [OE. soduen, OF. sosduire to seduce, L. subtus below (fr. sub
under) + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf. Subduct.]

1. To bring under; to conquer by force or the exertion of superior
power, and bring into permanent subjection; to reduce under dominion;
to vanquish.
I will subdue all thine enemies. 1 Chron. xvii. 10.

2. To overpower so as to disable from further resistance; to crush.
Nothing could have subdued nature To such a lowness, but his unkind
daughters. Shak.
If aught . . . were worthy to subdue The soul of man. Milton.

3. To destroy the force of; to overcome; as, medicines subdue a
fever.

4. To render submissive; to bring under command; to reduce to
mildness or obedience; to tame; as, to subdue a stubborn child; to
subdue the temper or passions.

5. To overcome, as by persuasion or other mild means; as, to subdue
opposition by argument or entreaties.

6. To reduce to tenderness; to melt; to soften; as, to subdue
ferocity by tears.

7. To make mellow; to break, as land; also, to destroy, as weeds.

8. To reduce the intensity or degree of; to tone down; to soften; as,
to subdue the brilliancy of colors.

Syn.
 -- To conquer; overpower; overcome; surmount; vanquish. See Conquer.

SUBDUED
Sub*dued", a.

1. Conquered; overpowered; crushed; submissive; mild.

2. Not glaring in color; soft in tone.

SUBDUEMENT
Sub*due"ment, n.

Defn: Subdual. [Obs.] Shak.

SUBDUER
Sub*du"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, subdues; a conqueror. Spenser.

SUBDULCID
Sub*dul"cid, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + L. dulcis sweet.]

Defn: Somewhat sweet; sweetish. [R.]

SUBDUPLE
Sub"du*ple, a. (Math.)

Defn: Indicating one part of two; in the ratio of one to two.
Subduple ratio, the ratio of 1 to 2: thus, 3:6 is a subduple ratio,
as 6:3 is a duple ratio.

SUBDUPLICATE
Sub*du"pli*cate, a. (Math.)

Defn: Expressed by the square root; -- said of ratios. Subduplicate
ratio, the ratio of the square roots, or the square root of a ratio;
thus, the subduplicate ratio of a to b is *a to *b, or *a/b.

SUBDURAL
Sub*du"ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the dura mater, or between the dura mater and
the arachnoid membrane.

SUBEDITOR
Sub*ed"i*tor, n.

Defn: An assistant editor, as of a periodical or journal.

SUBELONGATE
Sub`e*lon"gate, a.

Defn: Not fully elongated; somewhat elongated.

SUBENDOCARDIAL
Sub*en`do*car"di*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the endocardium.

SUBENDYMAL
Sub*en"dy*mal, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + endyma.]

Defn: Situated under the endyma.

SUBEPIDERMAL
Sub*ep`i*der"mal, a.

Defn: Situated immediately below the epidermis.

SUBEPIGLOTTIC
Sub*ep`i*glot"tic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the epiglottis.

SUBEPITHELIAL
Sub*ep`i*the"li*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the epithelium.

SUBEQUAL
Sub*e"qual, a.

Defn: Nearly equal.

SUBERATE
Su"ber*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subérate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of suberic acid.

SUBEREOUS
Su*be"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. subereus of the cork tree.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to cork; of the nature of cork; suberose.

SUBERIC
Su*ber"ic, a. Etym: [L. suber the cork tree: cf. F. subéreque.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to cork; specifically, designating an acid, C

SUBERIN
Su"ber*in, n. Etym: [L. suber the cork tree: cf. F. subérine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A material found in the cell walls of cork. It is a
modification of lignin.

SUBERITE
Su"ber*ite, n. Etym: [L. suber the cork tree.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any sponge of the genus Suberites and allied genera. These
sponges have a fine and compact texture, and contain minute siliceous
spicules.

SUBERIZATION
Su`ber*i*za"tion, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Conversion of the cell walls into cork tissue by development of
suberin; -- commonly taking place in exposed tissues, as when a
callus forms over a wound. Suberized cell walls are impervious to
water.

SUBERIZE
Su"ber*ize, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. -ized; p. pr. & vb. n. -izing.] [L.
suber cork.] (Bot.)

Defn: To effect suberization of.

SUBERONE
Su"ber*one, n. (Chem.)
(a) The hypothetical ketone of suberic acid.
(b) A colorless liquid, analogous suberone proper, having a pleasant
peppermint odor. It is obtained by the distillation of calcium
suberate.

SUBEROSE; SUBEROUS
Su"ber*ose`, Su"ber*ous, a. Etym: [L. suber the cork tree: cf. F.
subéreux.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having a corky texture.

SUBESOPHAGEAL
Sub*e`so*phag"e*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated beneath the esophagus. [Written also suboesophageal.]
Subesophageal ganglion (Zoöl.), a large special ganglion situated
beneath the esophagus of arthropods, annelids, and some other
invertebrates.

SUBFAMILY
Sub*fam"i*ly, n. (Biol.)

Defn: One of the subdivisions, of more importance than genus, into
which certain families are divided.

SUBFIBROUS
Sub*fi"brous, a.

Defn: Somewhat fibrous.

SUBFUSCOUS
Sub*fus"cous, a. Etym: [L. subfuscus, suffuscus. See Sub-, and
Fuscous.]

Defn: Duskish; moderately dark; brownish; tawny.

SUBFUSK
Sub*fusk", a.

Defn: Subfuscous. [Obs.] Tatler.

SUBGELATINOUS
Sub`ge*lat"i*nous, a.

Defn: Imperfectly or partially gelatinous.

SUBGENERIC
Sub`ge*ner"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a subgenus.

SUBGENUS
Sub*ge"nus, n.; pl. Subgenera (. (Biol.)

Defn: A subdivision of a genus, comprising one or more species which
differ from other species of the genus in some important character or
characters; as, the azaleas now constitute a subgenus of
Rhododendron.

SUBGLACIAL
Sub*gla"cial, a.

Defn: Pertaining or belonging to the under side of a glacier; being
beneath a glacier; as, subglacial streams.

SUBGLOBOSE
Sub`glo*bose", a.

Defn: Not quite globose.

SUBGLOBULAR
Sub*glob"u*lar, a.

Defn: Nearly globular.

SUBGLOSSAL
Sub*glos"sal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the tongue; sublingual.

SUBGLOTTIC
Sub*glot"tic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated below the glottis; -- applied to that part of the
cavity of the larynx below the true vocal cords.

SUBGLUMACEOUS
Sub`glu*ma"ceous, a.

Defn: Somewhat glumaceous.

SUBGOVERNOR
Sub*gov"ern*or, n.

Defn: A subordinate or assistant governor.

SUBGRANULAR
Sub*gran"u*lar, a.

Defn: Somewhat granular.

SUBGROUP
Sub"group`, n. (Biol.)

Defn: A subdivision of a group, as of animals. Darwin.

SUBHASTATION
Sub`has*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. subhastatio.]

Defn: A public sale or auction. [R.] Bp. Burnet.

SUBHEPATIC
Sub`he*pat"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the liver; --
applied to the interlobular branches of the portal vein.

SUBHORNBLENDIC
Sub`horn*blend"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Containing hornblende in a scattered state; of or relating to
rocks containing disseminated hornblende.

SUBHUMERATE
Sub*hu"mer*ate, v. t. Etym: [See Sub-, Humerus.]

Defn: To place the shoulders under; to bear. [Obs.]
Nothing surer ties a friend than freely to subhumerate the burden
which was his. Feltham.

SUBHYALOID
Sub*hy"a*loid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the hyaliod membrane.

SUBHYOIDEAN
Sub`hy*oid"e*an, a. (Anat. & Med.)

Defn: Situated or performed beneath the hyoid bone; as, subhyoidean
laryngotomy.

SUBIMAGO
Sub`i*ma"go, n. Etym: [NL. See Sub-, and Imago.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stage in the development of certain insects, such as the May
flies, intermediate between the pupa and imago. In this stage, the
insect is able to fly, but subsequently sheds a skin before becoming
mature. Called also pseudimago.

SUBINCUSATION
Sub*in`cu*sa"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + L. incusatio accusation, fr.
incusare to accuse.]

Defn: A slight charge or accusation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

SUBINDEX
Sub*in"dex, n.; pl. Subindices (. (Math.)

Defn: A number or mark placed opposite the lower part of a letter or
symbol to distinguish the symbol; thus, a0, b1, c2, xn, have 0, 1, 2,
and n as subindices.

SUBINDICATE
Sub*in"di*cate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. sub + indicate: cf. L.
subindicare.]

Defn: To indicate by signs or hints; to indicate imperfectly. [R.]
Dr. H. More.

SUBINDICATION
Sub*in`di*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of indicating by signs; a slight indication. [R.] "The
subindication and shadowing of heavenly things." Barrow.

SUBINDIVIDUAL
Sub*in`di*vid"u*al, n.

Defn: A division of that which is individual.
An individual can not branch itself into subindividuals. Milton.

SUBINDUCE
Sub`in*duce", v. t.

Defn: To insinuate; to offer indirectly. [Obs.] Sir E. Dering.

SUBINFER
Sub`in*fer", v. t. & i.

Defn: To infer from an inference already made. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

SUBINFEUDATION
Sub*in`feu*da"tion, n. (Law)
(a) The granting of lands by inferior lords to their dependents, to
be held by themselves by feudal tenure. Craig.
(b) Subordinate tenancy; undertenancy.
The widow is immediate tenant to the heir, by a kind of
subinfeudation, or undertenancy. Blackstone.

SUBINGRESSION
Sub`in*gres"sion, n.

Defn: Secret entrance. [R.] Boyle.

SUBINTESTINAL
Sub`in*tes"ti*nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the intestine.

SUBINVOLUTION
Sub*in`vo*lu"tion, n.

Defn: Partial or incomplete involution; as, subinvolution of the
uterus.

SUBITANEOUS
Sub`i*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. subitaneus. See Sudden.]

Defn: Sudden; hasty. [Obs.] Bullokar.
 -- Sub`i*ta"ne*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]

SUBITANY
Sub"i*ta*ny, a.

Defn: Subitaneous; sudden; hasty. [Obs.] Hales.

SUBITO
Su"bi*to, adv. Etym: [It. & L.] (Mus.)

Defn: In haste; quickly; rapidly.

SUBJACENT
Sub*ja"cent, a. Etym: [L. subjacens, p.pr. of subjacere to lie under;
sub under + jacere to lie.]

1. Lying under or below.

2. Being in a lower situation, though not directly beneath; as, hills
and subjacent valleys.

SUBJECT
Sub*ject", a. Etym: [OE. suget, OF. souzget, sougit (in which the
first part is L. subtus below, fr. sub under), subgiet, subject, F.
sujet, from L. subjectus lying under, subjected, p.p. of subjicere,
subicere, to throw, lay, place, or bring under; sub under + jacere to
throw. See Jet a shooting forth.]

1. Placed or situated under; lying below, or in a lower situation.
[Obs.] Spenser.

2. Placed under the power of another; specifically (International
Law), owing allegiance to a particular sovereign or state; as,
Jamaica is subject to Great Britain.
Esau was never subject to Jacob. Locke.

3. Exposed; liable; prone; disposed; as, a country subject to extreme
heat; men subject to temptation.
All human things are subject to decay. Dryden.

4. Obedient; submissive.
Put them in mind to be subject to principalities. Titus iii. 1.

Syn.
 -- Liable; subordinate; inferior; obnoxious; exposed. See Liable.

SUBJECT
Sub*ject", n. Etym: [From L. subjectus, through an old form of F.
sujet. See Subject, a.]

1. That which is placed under the authority, dominion, control, or
influence of something else.

2. Specifically: One who is under the authority of a ruler and is
governed by his laws; one who owes allegiance to a sovereign or a
sovereign state; as, a subject of Queen Victoria; a British subject;
a subject of the United States.
Was never subject longed to be a king, As I do long and wish to be a
subject. Shak.
The subject must obey his prince, because God commands it, human laws
require it. Swift.

Note: In international law, the term subject is convertible with
citizen.

3. That which is subjected, or submitted to, any physical operation
or process; specifically (Anat.), a dead body used for the purpose of
dissection.

4. That which is brought under thought or examination; that which is
taken up for discussion, or concerning which anything is said or
done. "This subject for heroic song." Milton.
Make choice of a subject, beautiful and noble, which . . . shall
afford an ample field of matter wherein to expatiate. Dryden.
The unhappy subject of these quarrels. Shak.

5. The person who is treated of; the hero of a piece; the chief
character.
Writers of particular lives . . . are apt to be prejudiced in favor
of their subject. C. Middleton.

6. (Logic & Gram.)

Defn: That of which anything is affirmed or predicated; the theme of
a proposition or discourse; that which is spoken of; as, the
nominative case is the subject of the verb.
The subject of a proposition is that concerning which anything is
affirmed or denied. I. Watts.

7. That in which any quality, attribute, or relation, whether
spiritual or material, inheres, or to which any of these appertain;
substance; substratum.
That which manifests its qualities -- in other words, that in which
the appearing causes inhere, that to which they belong -- is called
their subject or substance, or substratum. Sir W. Hamilton.

8. Hence, that substance or being which is conscious of its own
operations; the mind; the thinking agent or principal; the ego. Cf.
Object, n., 2.
The philosophers of mind have, in a manner, usurped and appropriated
this expression to themselves. Accordingly, in their hands, the
phrases conscious or thinking subject, and subject, mean precisely
the same thing. Sir W. Hamilton.

9. (Mus.)

Defn: The principal theme, or leading thought or phrase, on which a
composition or a movement is based.
The earliest known form of subject is the ecclesiastical cantus
firmus, or plain song. Rockstro.

10. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The incident, scene, figure, group, etc., which it is the aim
of the artist to represent.

SUBJECT
Sub*ject", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subjected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subjecting.]

1. To bring under control, power, or dominion; to make subject; to
subordinate; to subdue.
Firmness of mind that subjects every gratification of sense to the
rule of right reason. C. Middleton.
In one short view subjected to our eye, Gods, emperors, heroes,
sages, beauties, lie. Pope.
He is the most subjected, the most Locke.

2. To expose; to make obnoxious or liable; as, credulity subjects a
person to impositions.

3. To submit; to make accountable.
God is not bound to subject his ways of operation to the scrutiny of
our thoughts. Locke.

4. To make subservient.
Subjected to his service angel wings. Milton.

5. To cause to undergo; as, to subject a substance to a white heat;
to subject a person to a rigid test.

SUBJECTED
Sub*ject"ed, a.

1. Subjacent. "Led them direct . . . to the subjected plain." [Obs.]
Milton.

2. Reduced to subjection; brought under the dominion of another.

3. Exposed; liable; subject; obnoxious.

SUBJECTION
Sub*jec"tion, n. Etym: [L. subjectio: cf. OF. subjection, F.
subjétion. See Subject, a.]

1. The act of subjecting, or of bringing under the dominion of
another; the act of subduing.
The conquest of the kingdom, and subjection of the rebels. Sir M.
Hale.

2. The state of being subject, or under the power, control, and
government of another; a state of obedience or submissiveness; as,
the safety of life, liberty, and property depends on our subjection
to the laws. "To be bound under subjection." Chaucer.
Likewise, ye wives, be in subjection to your own husbands. 1 Peter
iii. 1.
Because the subjection of the body to the will is by natural
necessity, the subjection of the will unto God voluntary, we stand in
need of direction after what sort our wills and desires may be
rightly conformed to His. Hooker.

SUBJECTIST
Sub"ject*ist, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: One skilled in subjective philosophy; a subjectivist.

SUBJECTIVE
Sub*jec"tive, a. Etym: [L. subjectivus: cf. F. subjectif.]

1. Of or pertaining to a subject.

2. Especially, pertaining to, or derived from, one's own
consciousness, in distinction from external observation; ralating to
the mind, or intellectual world, in distinction from the outward or
material excessively occupied with, or brooding over, one's own
internal states.

Note: In the philosophy of the mind, subjective denotes what is to be
referred to the thinking subject, the ego; objective, what belongs to
the object of thought, the non-ego. See Objective, a., 2. Sir W.
Hamilton.

3. (Lit. & Art)

Defn: Modified by, or making prominent, the individuality of a writer
or an artist; as, a subjective drama or painting; a subjective
writer.

Syn.
 -- See Objective. Subjective sensation (Physiol.), one of the
sensations occurring when stimuli due to internal causes excite the
nervous apparatus of the sense organs, as when a person imagines he
sees figures which have no objective reality.
 -- Sub*jec"tive*ly, adv.
 -- Sub*jec"tive*ness, n.

SUBJECTIVISM
Sub*jec"tiv*ism, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: Any philosophical doctrine which refers all knowledge to, and
founds it upon, any subjective states; egoism.

SUBJECTIVIST
Sub*jec"tiv*ist, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: One who holds to subjectivism; an egoist.

SUBJECTIVITY
Sub`jec*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being subjective; character of the
subject.

SUBJECTLESS
Sub"ject*less, a.

Defn: Having no subject.

SUBJECT-MATTER
Sub"ject-mat`ter, n.

Defn: The matter or thought presented for consideration in some
statement or discussion; that which is made the object of thought or
study.
As to the subject-matter, words are always to be understood as having
a regard thereto. Blackstone.
As science makes progress in any subject-matter, poetry recedes from
it. J. H. Newman.

SUBJECTNESS
Sub"ject*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being subject. [R.]

SUBJICIBLE
Sub*jic"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being subjected. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

SUBJOIN
Sub*join", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subjoined; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subjoining.] Etym: [Cf. OF. subjoindre, L. subjungere. See Sub-, and
Join, and cf. Subjective.]

Defn: To add after something else has been said or written; to ANNEX;
as, to subjoin an argument or reason.

Syn.
 -- To add; annex; join; unite.

SUBJOINDER
Sub*join"der, n.

Defn: An additional remark. [R.]

SUB JUDICE
Sub ju"di*ce. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Before the judge, or court; not yet decided; under judicial
consideration.

SUBJUGATE
Sub"ju*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subjugated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subjugating.] Etym: [L. subjugatus, p.p. of subjugare to subjugate;
sub under + jugum a yoke. See Yoke.]

Defn: To subdue, and bring under the yoke of power or dominion; to
conquer by force, and compel to submit to the government or absolute
control of another; to vanquish.
He subjugated a king, and called him his "vassal." Baker.

Syn.
 -- To conquer; subdue; overcome. See Conquer.

SUBJUGATION
Sub`ju*ga"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subjugation, LL. subjugatio.]

Defn: The act of subjugating, or the state of being subjugated.

SUBJUGATOR
Sub"ju*ga`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who subjugates; a conqueror.

SUBJUNCTION
Sub*junc"tion, n. Etym: [See Subjunctive.]

1. Act of subjoining, or state of being subjoined.

2. Something subjoined; as, a subjunction to a sentence.

SUBJUNCTIVE
Sub*junc"tive, a. Etym: [L. subjunctivus, fr. subjungere, subjunctum,
to subjoin: cf. F. subjonctif. See Subjoin.]

Defn: Subjoined or added to something before said or written.
Subjunctive mood (Gram.), that form of a verb which express the
action or state not as a fact, but only as a conception of the mind
still contingent and dependent. It is commonly subjoined, or added as
subordinate, to some other verb, and in English is often connected
with it by if, that, though, lest, unless, except, until, etc., as in
the following sentence: "If there were no honey, they [bees] would
have no object in visiting the flower." Lubbock. In some languages,
as in Latin and Greek, the subjunctive is often independent of any
other verb, being used in wishes, commands, exhortations, etc.

SUBJUNCTIVE
Sub*junc"tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: The subjunctive mood; also, a verb in the subjunctive mood.

SUBKINGDOM
Sub*king"dom, n.

Defn: One of the several primary divisions of either the animal, or
vegetable kingdom, as, in zoölogy, the Vertebrata, Tunicata,
Mollusca, Articulata, Molluscoidea, Echinodermata, Coelentera, and
the Protozoa; in botany, the Phanerogamia, and the Cryptogamia.

SUBLAPSARIAN
Sub`lap*sa"ri*an, n. & a. Etym: [Pref. sub + lapse: cf. F.
sublapsarien, sublapsarie.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: Same as Infralapsarian.

SUBLAPSARIANISM
Sub`lap*sa"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: Infralapsarianism.

SUBLAPSARY
Sub*lap"sa*ry, a.

Defn: Sublapsarian. Johnson.

SUBLATE
Sub"late, v. t. Etym: [From sublatus, used as p.p. of tollere to take
away. See Tolerate.]

Defn: To take or carry away; to remove. [R.] E. Hall.

SUBLATION
Sub*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. sublatio, fr. sublatus, used as p.p. of
tollere to take away.]

Defn: The act of taking or carrying away; removal. [R.] Bp. Hall.

SUBLATIVE
Sub"la*tive, a.

Defn: Having power, or tending, to take away. [R.] Harris.

SUBLEASE
Sub"lease`, n. (Law)

Defn: A lease by a tenant or lessee to another person; an underlease.
Bouvier.

SUBLESSEE
Sub`les*see", n.

Defn: A holder of a sublease.

SUBLET
Sub*let", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sublet; p. pr. & vb. n. Subletting.]

Defn: To underlet; to lease, as when a lessee leases to another
person.

SUBLEVATION
Sub`le*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. sublevare to lift up; sub under + levare
to lift, raise: cf. L. sublevatio an allevation.]

1. The act of raising on high; elevation. Sir T. More.

2. An uprising; an insurrection. [R.] Sir W. Temple.

SUBLIBRARIAN
Sub`li*bra"ri*an, n.

Defn: An under or assistant librarian.

SUBLIEUTENANT
Sub`lieu*ten"ant, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + lieutenant: cf. F. sous-
lieutenant.]

Defn: An inferior or second lieutenant; in the British service, a
commissioned officer of the lowest rank.

SUBLIGATION
Sub`li*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. subligatio, from subligare to bind
below; sub under + ligare to bind.]

Defn: The act of binding underneath. [R.]

SUBLIMABLE
Sub*lim"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sublimable. See Sublime., v. t.]

Defn: Capable of being sublimed or sublimated.
 -- Sub*lim"a*ble*ness, n. Boyle.

SUBLIMATE
Sub"li*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sublimated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sublimating.] Etym: [L. sublimatus, p.p. of sublimare to raise,
elevate, fr. sublimis high: cf. F. sublimer. See Sublime, a., and cf.
Surlime, v. t.]

1. To bring by heat into the state of vapor, which, on cooling,
returns again to the solid state; as, to sublimate sulphur or
camphor.

2. To refine and exalt; to heighten; to elevate.
The precepts of Christianity are . . . so apt to cleanse and
sublimate the more gross and corrupt. Dr. H. More.

SUBLIMATE
Sub"li*mate, n. Etym: [LL. sublimatum.] (Chem.)

Defn: A product obtained by sublimation; hence, also, a purified
product so obtained. Corrosive sublimate. (Chem.) See under
Corrosive.

SUBLIMATE
Sub"li*mate, a. Etym: [LL. sublimatus.]

Defn: Brought into a state of vapor by heat, and again condensed as a
solid.

SUBLIMATED
Sub"li*ma`ted, a.

Defn: Refined by, or as by, sublimation; exalted; purified.
[Words] whose weight best suits a sublimated strain. Dryden.

SUBLIMATION
Sub"li*ma`tion, n. Etym: [LL. sublimatio: cf. F. sublimation.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of subliming, or the state or result of
being sublimed.

2. The act of heightening or improving; exaltation; elevation;
purification.

3. That which is sublimed; the product of a purifying process.
Religion is the perfection, refinement, and sublimation of morality.
South.

SUBLIMATORY
Sub"li*ma*to*ry, a.

Defn: Used for sublimation; as, sublimatory vessels. Boyle.

SUBLIMATORY
Sub"li*ma*to*ry, n.

Defn: A vessel used for sublimation.
Vials, crosslets, and sublimatories. Chaucer.

SUBLIME
Sub*lime", a. [Compar. Sublimer; superl. Sublimest.] Etym: [L.
sublimis; sub under + (perhaps) a word akin to limen lintel, sill,
thus meaning, up to the lintel: cf. F. sublime. Cf. Eliminate.]

1. Lifted up; high in place; exalted aloft; uplifted; lofty.
Sublime on these a tower of steel is reared. Dryden.

2. Distinguished by lofty or noble traits; eminent; -- said of
persons. "The sublime Julian leader." De Quincey.

3. Awakening or expressing the emotion of awe, adoration, veneration,
heroic resolve, etc.; dignified; grand; solemn; stately; -- said of
an impressive object in nature, of an action, of a discourse, of a
work of art, of a spectacle, etc.; as, sublime scenery; a sublime
deed.
Easy in words thy style, in sense sublime. Prior.
Know how sublime a thing it is To suffer and be strong. Longfellow.

4. Elevated by joy; elate. [Poetic]
Their hearts were jocund and sublime, Drunk with idolatry, drunk with
wine. Milton.

5. Lofty of mien; haughty; proud. [Poetic] "Countenance sublime and
insolent." Spenser.
His fair, large front and eye sublime declared Absolute rule. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Exalted; lofty; noble; majestic. See Grand.

SUBLIME
Sub*lime", n.

Defn: That which is sublime; -- with the definite article; as:
(a) A grand or lofty style in speaking or writing; a style that
expresses lofty conceptions.
The sublime rises from the nobleness of thoughts, the magnificence of
words, or the harmonious and lively turn of the phrase. Addison.

(b) That which is grand in nature or art, as distinguished from the
merely beautiful.

SUBLIME
Sub*lime", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sublimed; p. pr. & vb. n. Subliming.]
Etym: [Cf. L. sublimare, F. sublimer to subject to sublimation. See
Sublime, a., and cf. Sublimate, v. t.]

1. To raise on high. [Archaic]
A soul sublimed by an idea above the region of vanity and conceit. E.
P. Whipple.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: To subject to the process of sublimation; to heat, volatilize,
and condense in crystals or powder; to distill off, and condense in
solid form; hence, also, to purify.

3. To exalt; to heighten; to improve; to purify.
The sun . . . Which not alone the southern wit sublimes, But ripens
spirits in cold, northern climes. Pope.

4. To dignify; to ennoble.
An ordinary gift can not sublime a person to a supernatural
employment. Jer. Taylor.

SUBLIME
Sub*lime", v. i. (Chem.)

Defn: To pass off in vapor, with immediate condensation;
specifically, to evaporate or volatilize from the solid state without
apparent melting; -- said of those substances, like arsenic, benzoic
acid, etc., which do not exhibit a liquid form on heating, except
under increased pressure.

SUBLIMED
Sub*limed", a. (Chem.)

Defn: Having been subjected to the process of sublimation; hence,
also, purified. "Sublimed mercurie." Chaucer.

SUBLIMELY
Sub*lime"ly, adv.

Defn: In a sublime manner.

SUBLIMENESS
Sub*lime"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sublime; sublimity.

SUBLIMIFICATION
Sub*lim`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. sublimis sublime + -ficare to
make. See -ry.]

Defn: The act of making sublime, or state of being made sublime.

SUBLIMINAL
Sub*lim"i*nal, a. [Pref. sub-+ L. limen threshold.] (Philos.)

Defn: Existing in the mind, but below the surface or threshold of
consciousness; that is, existing as feeling rather than as clear
ideas.

SUBLIMITY
Sub*lim"i*ty, n.; pl. Sublimities. Etym: [L. sublimitas: cf. F.
sublimité.]

1. The quality or state of being sublime (in any sense of the
adjective).

2. That which is sublime; as, the sublimities of nature.

Syn.
 -- Grandeur; magnificence.
 -- Sublimity, Grandeur. The mental state indicated by these two
words is the same, namely, a mingled emotion of astonishment and awe.
In speaking of the quality which produces this emotion, we call it
grandeur when it springs from what is vast in space, power, etc.; we
call it sublimity when it springs from what is elevated far above the
ordinary incidents of humanity. An immense plain is grand. The
heavens are not only grand, but sublime (as the predominating
emotion), from their immense height. Exalted intellect, and
especially exalted virtue under severe trials, give us the sense of
moral sublimity, as in the case of our Savior in his prayer for his
murderers. We do not speak of Satan, when standing by the fiery gulf,
with his "unconquerable will and study of revenge," as a sublime
object; but there is a melancholy grandeur thrown around him, as of
an "archangel ruined."

SUBLINEATION
Sub*lin`e*a"tion, n.

Defn: A mark of a line or lines under a word in a sentence, or under
another line; underlining.

SUBLINGUA
Sub*lin"gua, n.; pl. Sublinguæ. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: A process or fold below the tongue in some animals.

SUBLINGUAL
Sub*lin"gual, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + lingual: cf. F. sublingual.]
(Anat.)
(a) Situated under the tongue; as, the sublingual gland.
(b) Of or pertaining to the sublingual gland; as, sublingual salvia.

SUBLITION
Sub*li"tion, n. Etym: [L. sublinere, sublitum, to smear, to lay on as
a ground color.] (Paint.)

Defn: The act or process of laying the ground in a painting. [R.]

SUBLITTORAL
Sub*lit"to*ral, a.

Defn: Under the shore. Smart.

SUBLOBULAR
Sub*lob"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or at the bases of, the lobules of the liver.

SUBLUMBAR
Sub*lum"bar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the lumbar region of
the vertebral column.

SUBLUNAR; SUBLUNARY
Sub*lu"nar, Sub"lu*na*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + lunar, or lunary: cf.
F. sublunaire.]

Defn: Situated beneath the moon; hence, of or pertaining to this
world; terrestrial; earthly.
All things sublunary are subject to change. Dryden.
All sublunary comforts imitate the changeableness, as well as feel
the influence, of the planet they are under. South.

SUBLUNARY
Sub"lu*na*ry, n.

Defn: Any worldly thing. [Obs.]

SUBLUXATION
Sub`lux*a"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + luxation: cf. F. subluxation.]
(Surg.)

Defn: An incomplete or partial dislocation.

SUBMAMMARY
Sub*mam"ma*ry, a.

Defn: Situated under the mammæ; as, submammary inflammation.

SUBMARINE
Sub`ma*rine", a.

Defn: Being, acting, or growing, under water in the sea; as,
submarine navigators; submarine plants. Submarine armor, a waterproof
dress of strong material, having a helmet into which air for
breathing is pumped through a tube leading from above the surface to
enable a diver to remain under water.
 -- Submarine cable. See Telegraph cable, under Telegraph.
 -- Submarine mine. See Torpedo, 2 (a).

SUBMARINE
Sub*ma*rine", n.

Defn: A submarine plant or animal.

SUBMARSHAL
Sub*mar"shal, n.

Defn: An under or deputy marshal.

SUBMAXILLARY
Sub*max"il*la*ry, a. (Anat.)
(a) Situated under the maxilla, or lower jaw; inframaxillary; as, the
submaxillary gland.
(b) Of or pertaining to submaxillary gland; as, submaxillary salvia.

SUBMEDIAL
Sub*me"di*al, a.

Defn: Lying under the middle.

SUBMEDIAN
Sub*me"di*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Next to the median (on either side); as, the submedian teeth of
mollusks.

SUBMEDIANT
Sub*me"di*ant, n. (Mus.)

Defn: The sixth tone of the scale; the under mediant, or third below
the keynote; the superdominant.

SUBMENTAL
Sub*men"tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the chin; as, the submental artery.

SUBMENTUM
Sub*men"tum, n.; pl. Submenta. Etym: [NL. See Sub-, and Mentum.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The basal part of the labium of insects. It bears the mentum.

SUBMERGE
Sub*merge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Submerged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Submerging.] Etym: [L. submergere, submersum; sub under + mergere to
plunge: cf. F. submerger. See Merge.]

1. To put under water; to plunge.

2. To cover or overflow with water; to inundate; to flood; to drown.
I would thou didst, So half my Egypt were submerged. Shak.

SUBMERGE
Sub*merge", v. i.

Defn: To plunge into water or other fluid; to be buried or covered,
as by a fluid; to be merged; hence, to be completely included.
Some say swallows submerge in ponds. Gent. Mag.

SUBMERGENCE
Sub*mer"gence, n. Etym: [From L. submergens, p.pr.]

Defn: The act of submerging, or the state of being submerged;
submersion.

SUBMERSE
Sub*merse", a. (Bot.)

Defn: Submersed.

SUBMERSED
Sub*mersed", a. Etym: [L. submersus, p.p. of submergere. See
Submerge.]

Defn: Being or growing under water, as the leaves of aquatic plants.

SUBMERSION
Sub*mer"sion, n. Etym: [L. submersio: cf. F. submersion.]

1. The act of submerging, or putting under water or other fluid, or
of causing to be overflowed; the act of plunging under water, or of
drowning.

2. The state of being put under water or other fluid, or of being
overflowed or drowned.

SUBMETALLIC
Sub`me*tal"lic, a.

Defn: Imperfectly metallic; as, a submetallic luster.

SUBMINISTER
Sub*min"is*ter, v. t. Etym: [L. subministrare, subministratum. See
Sub-, and Ministre, v. t.]

Defn: To supply; to afford. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

SUBMINISTER
Sub*min"is*ter, v. i.

Defn: To be subservient; to be useful. [Obs.] "Our passions . . .
subminister to the best and worst purposes." L'EStrange.

SUBMINISTRANT
Sub*min"is*trant, a. Etym: [L. subministrans, p.pr.]

Defn: Subordinate; subservient. [Obs.] Bacon.

SUBMINISTRATE
Sub*min"is*trate, v. t. Etym: [See Subminister.]

Defn: To supply; to afford; to subminister. [Obs.] Harvey.

SUBMINISTRATION
Sub*min`is*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. subministratio.]

Defn: The act of subministering. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

SUBMISS
Sub*miss", a. Etym: [L. submissus, p.p. of submittere to let down, to
lower. See Submit.]

1. Submissive; humble; obsequious. [Archaic] "Soft Silence and
submiss Obedience." Spenser. "Stooping and submiss." R. L. Stevenson.

2. Gentle; soft; calm; as, submiss voices. [R.]

SUBMISSION
Sub*mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. submissio a letting down, lowering: cf. F.
soumission.]

1. The act of submitting; the act of yielding to power or authority;
surrender of the person and power to the control or government of
another; obedience; compliance.
Submission, dauphin! 't is a mere French word; We English warrious
wot not what it means. Shak.

2. The state of being submissive; acknowledgement of inferiority or
dependence; humble or suppliant behavior; meekness; resignation.
In all submission and humility York doth present himself unto your
highness. Shak.
No duty in religion is more justly required by God . . . than a
perfect submission to his will in all things. Sir W. Temple.

3. Acknowledgement of a fault; confession of error.
Be not as extreme in submission As in offense. Shak.

4. (Law)

Defn: An agreement by which parties engage to submit any matter of
controversy between them to the decision of arbitrators. Wharton (Law
Dict.). Bouvier.

SUBMISSIVE
Sub*mis"sive, a.

1. Inclined or ready to submit; acknowledging one's inferiority;
yielding; obedient; humble.
Not at his feet submissive in distress, Creature so fair his
reconcilement seeking. Milton.

2. Showing a readiness to submit; expressing submission; as, a
submissive demeanor.
With a submissive step I hasted down. Prior.

Syn.
 -- Obedient; compliant; yielding; obsequious; subservient; humble;
modest; passive.
 -- Sub*mis"sive*ly, adv.
 -- Sub*mis"sive*ness, n.

SUBMISSLY
Sub*miss"ly, adv.

Defn: In a submissive manner; with a submission. [Archaic] Jer.
Taylor.

SUBMISSNESS
Sub*miss"ness, n.

Defn: Submissiveness. [Obs.]

SUBMIT
Sub*mit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Submitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Submitting.]
Etym: [L. submittere; sub under + mittere to send: cf. F. soumettre.
See Missile.]

1. To let down; to lower. [Obs.]
Sometimes the hill submits itself a while. Dryden.

2. To put or place under.
The bristled throat Of the submitted sacrifice with ruthless steel he
cut. Chapman.

3. To yield, resign, or surrender to power, will, or authority; --
often with the reflexive pronoun.
Ye ben submitted through your free assent. Chaucer.
The angel of the Lord said unto her, Return to thy mistress, and
submit thyself under her hands. Gen. xvi. 9.
Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands. Eph. v. 22.

4. To leave or commit to the discretion or judgment of another or
others; to refer; as, to submit a controversy to arbitrators; to
submit a question to the court; -- often followed by a dependent
proposition as the object.
Whether the condition of the clergy be able to bear a heavy burden,
is submitted to the house. Swift.
We submit that a wooden spoon of our day would not be justified in
calling Galileo and Napier blockheads because they never heard of the
differential calculus. Macaulay.

SUBMIT
Sub*mit", v. i.

1. To yield one's person to the power of another; to give up
resistance; to surrender.
The revolted provinces presently submitted. C. Middleton.

2. To yield one's opinion to the opinion of authority of another; to
be subject; to acquiesce.
To thy husband's will Thine shall submit. Milton.

3. To be submissive or resigned; to yield without murmuring.
Our religion requires from us . . . to submit to pain, disgrace, and
even death. Rogers.

SUBMITTER
Sub*mit"ter, n.

Defn: One who submits. Whitlock.

SUBMONISH
Sub*mon"ish, v. t. Etym: [L. submonere. See Summon, and -ish.]

Defn: To suggest; to prompt. [R.] "The submonishing inclinations of
my senses." T. Granger.

SUBMONITION
Sub`mo*ni"tion, n. Etym: [LL. submonitio.]

Defn: Suggestion; prompting. [R.] T. Granger.

SUBMUCOUS
Sub*mu"cous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under a mucous membrane.

SUBMULTIPLE
Sub*mul"ti*ple, n. (Math.)

Defn: A number or quality which is contained in another an exact
number of times, or is an aliquot part of it; thus, 7 is the
submultiple of 56, being contained in it eight times.

SUBMULTIPLE
Sub*mul"ti*ple, a. (Math.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a submultiple; being a submultiple; as, a
submultiple number; submultiple ratio.

SUBMUSCULAR
Sub*mus"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Situated underneath a muscle or muscles.

SUBNARCOTIC
Sub`nar*cot"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Moderately narcotic.

SUBNASAL
Sub*na"sal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the nose; as, the subnasal point, or the middle
point of the inferior border of the anterior nasal aperture.

SUBNASCENT
Sub*nas"cent, a. Etym: [L. subnascens, p.pr. of subnasci to grow
under; sub under + nasci to be born.]

Defn: Growing underneath. [R.] Evelyn.

SUBNECT
Sub*nect", v. t. Etym: [L. subnectere, subnextum; sub under + nectere
to tie.]

Defn: To tie or fasten beneath; to join beneath. [R.] Pope.

SUBNEX
Sub*nex", v. t. Etym: [See Subnect.]

Defn: To subjoin; to subnect. [Obs.] Holland.

SUBNORMAL
Sub*nor"mal, n. (Geom.)

Defn: That part of the axis of a curved line which is intercepted
between the ordinate and the normal.

SUBNOTATION
Sub`no*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. subnotatio a signing underneath, fr.
subnotare to subscribe; sub under + notare to note or mark.]

Defn: A rescript. Bouvier.

SUBNOTOCHORDAL
Sub*no`to*chor"dal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated on the ventral side of the notochord; as, the
subnotochordal rod.

SUBNUVOLAR
Sub*nu"vo*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + It. nuvola cloud: cf. L.
subnubilus somewhat cloudy.]

Defn: Under the clouds; attended or partly covered or obscured by
clouds; somewhat cloudy. [R. & Poetic]
Subnuvolar lights of evening sharply slant. Milnes.

SUBOBSCURELY
Sub`ob*scure"ly, adv.

Defn: Somewhat obscurely or darkly. [R.] Donne.

SUBOBTUSE
Sub`ob*tuse", a.

Defn: Partially obtuse.

SUBOCCIPITAL
Sub`oc*cip"i*tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or posterior to, the occiput; as, the
suboccipital, or first cervical, nerve.

SUBOCTAVE; SUBOCTUPLE
Sub*oc"tave, Sub*oc"tu*ple, a.

Defn: Containing one part of eight; having the ratio of one to eight.
Bp. Wilkins.

SUBOCULAR
Sub*oc"u*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + ocular: cf. L. subocularis.]
(Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the eye.

SUBOFFICER
Sub*of"fi*cer, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + officer: cf. F. sous-officer.]

Defn: An under or subordinate officer.

SUBOPERCULAR
Sub`o*per"cu*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated below the operculum; pertaining to the suboperculum.
 -- n.

Defn: The suboperculum.

SUBOPERCULUM
Sub`o*per"cu*lum, n. Etym: [NL. See Sub-, Operculum.] (Anat.)

Defn: The lower opercular bone in fishes.

SUBORBICULAR; SUBORBICULATE
Sub`or*bic"u*lar, Sub`or*bic"u*late, a.

Defn: Almost orbiculate or orbicular.

SUBORBITAL; SUBORBITAR
Sub*or"bit*al, Sub*or"bit*ar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under or below the orbit.

SUBORDER
Sub*or"der, n. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: A division of an order; a group of genera of a little lower
rank than an order and of greater importance than a tribe or family;
as, cichoraceous plants form a suborder of Compositæ.

SUBORDINACY
Sub*or"di*na*cy, n. Etym: [See Subordinate.]

Defn: The quality or state of being subordinate, or subject to
control; subordination, as, to bring the imagination to act in
subordinacy to reason. Spectator.

SUBORDINANCE; SUBORDINANCY
Sub*or"di*nance, Sub*or"di*nan*cy, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + L. ordinans,
p.pr. of ordinare. See Subordinate, a.]

Defn: Subordinacy; subordination. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Sir W. Temple.

SUBORDINARY
Sub*or"di*na*ry, n. (Her.)

Defn: One of several heraldic bearings somewhat less common than an
ordinary. See Ordinary.

Note: Different writers name different bearings as subordinaries, but
the bar, bend, sinister, pile, inescutcheon bordure, gyron, and
quarter, are always considered subordinaries by those who do not
class them as ordinaries.

SUBORDINATE
Sub*or"di*nate, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + L. ordinatus, p.p. of ordinare
to set in order, to arrange. See Ordain.]

1. Placed in a lower order, class, or rank; holding a lower or
inferior position.
The several kinds and subordinate species of each are easily
distinguished. Woodward.

2. Inferior in order, nature, dignity, power, importance, or the
like.
It was subordinate, not enslaved, to the understanding. South.

SUBORDINATE
Sub*or"di*nate, n.

Defn: One who stands in order or rank below another; -- distinguished
from a principal. Milton.

SUBORDINATE
Sub*or"di*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subordinated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subordinating.]

1. To place in a lower order or class; to make or consider as of less
value or importance; as, to subordinate one creature to another.

2. To make subject; to subject or subdue; as, to subordinate the
passions to reason.
 -- Sub*or"di*nate*ly, adv.
 -- Sub*or"di*nate*ness, n.

SUBORDINATION
Sub*or`di*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subordination.]

1. The act of subordinating, placing in a lower order, or subjecting.

2. The quality or state of being subordinate or inferior to an other;
inferiority of rank or dignity; subjection.
Natural creature having a local subordination. Holyday.

3. Place of inferior rank.
Persons who in their several subordinations would be obliged to
follow the example of their superiors. Swift.

SUBORDINATIVE
Sub*or"di*na*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to subordinate; expressing subordination; used to
introduce a subordinate sentence; as, a subordinative conjunction.

SUBORN
Sub*orn", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suborned; p. pr. & vb. n. Suborning.]
Etym: [F. suborner, L. subornare; sub under, secretly + ornare to
furnish, provide, equip, adorn. See Ornament.]

1. (Law)

Defn: To procure or cause to take a false oath amounting to perjury,
such oath being actually taken. Sir W. O. Russell.

2. To procure privately, or by collusion; to procure by indirect
means; to incite secretly; to instigate.
Thou art suborned against his honor. Shak.
Those who by despair suborn their death. Dryden.

SUBORNATION
Sub`or*na"tion, n. Etym: [F. subornation.]

1. (Law)

Defn: The act of suborning; the crime of procuring a person to take
such a false oath as constitutes perjury. Blackstone.

2. The sin or offense of procuring one to do a criminal or bad
action, as by bribes or persuasion.
Foul subornation is predominant. Shak.
The sort of chicanery attending the subornation of managers in the
Leibnitz controversy. De Quinsey.

SUBORNER
Sub*orn"er, n.

Defn: One who suborns or procures another to take, a false oath; one
who procures another to do a bad action.

SUBOVAL
Sub*o"val, a.

Defn: Somewhat oval; nearly oval.

SUBOVATE
Sub*o"vate, a.

Defn: Nearly in the form of an egg, or of the section of an egg, but
having the inferior extremity broadest; nearly ovate.

SUBOVATED
Sub*o"va*ted, a.

Defn: Subovate. [R.]

SUBOXIDE
Sub*ox"ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An oxide containing a relatively small amount of oxygen, and
less than the normal proportion; as, potassium suboxide, K4O.

SUBPEDUNCULAR
Sub`pe*dun"cu*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated beneath the peduncle; as, the subpeduncular lobe of
the cerebellum.

SUBPEDUNCULATE
Sub`pe*dun"cu*late, a. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Supported on, or growing from, a very short stem; having a
short peduncle.

SUBPELLUCID
Sub`pel*lu"cid, a.

Defn: Somewhat pellucid; nearly pellucid.

SUBPENA
Sub*pe"na, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Subpoena.

SUBPENTANGULAR
Sub`pen*tan"gu*lar, a.

Defn: Nearly or approximately pentangular; almost pentangular.

SUBPERICARDIAL
Sub*per`i*car"di*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the cardiac pericardium.

SUBPERIOSTEAL
Sub*per`i*os"te*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the periosteum. Subperiosteal operation (Surg.),
a removal of bone effected without taking away the periosteum.

SUBPERITONEAL
Sub*per`i*to"ne*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the peritoneal membrane.

SUBPETIOLAR
Sub*pet"i*o*lar, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Concealed within the base of the petiole, as the leaf buds of
the plane tree.

SUBPLEURAL
Sub*pleu"ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the pleural membrane.

SUBPODOPHYLLOUS
Sub*pod`o*phyl"lous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the podophyllous tissue of the horse's foot.

SUBPOENA
Sub*poe"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sub under + poena punishment. See
Pain.] (Law)

Defn: A writ commanding the attendance in court, as a witness, of the
person on whom it is served, under a penalty; the process by which a
defendant in equity is commanded to appear and answer the plaintiff's
bill. [Written also subpena.] Subpoena ad testificandum (. Etym:
[NL.] A writ used to procure the attendance of a witness for the
purpose of testifying.
 -- Subpoena duces tecum (. Etym: [NL.] A writ which requires a
witness to attend and bring certain documents.

SUBPOENA
Sub*poe"na, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subpoenaed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subpoenaing.] (Law)

Defn: To serve with a writ of subpoena; to command attendance in
court by a legal writ, under a penalty in case of disobedience.

SUBPOENAL
Sub*poe"nal, a.

Defn: Required or done under penalty. Gauden.

SUBPOLAR
Sub*po"lar, a.

Defn: Situated below the poles.

SUBPOLYGONAL
Sub`po*lyg"o*nal, a.

Defn: Approximately polygonal; somewhat or almost polygonal.

SUBPREHENSILE
Sub`pre*hen"sile, a.

Defn: Somewhat prehensile; prehensile in an inferior degree.

SUBPRIOR
Sub*pri"or, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + prior: cf. F. sous-prieur.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The vicegerent of a prior; a claustral officer who assists the
prior.

SUBPUBIC
Sub*pu"bic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or posterior to, the pubic bones.

SUBPULMONARY
Sub*pul"mo*na*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the lungs.

SUBPURCHASER
Sub*pur"chas*er, n.

Defn: A purchaser who buys from a purchaser; one who buys at second
hand.

SUBPYRIFORM
Sub*pyr"i*form, a.

Defn: Somewhat pyriform.

SUBQUADRATE
Sub*quad"rate, a.

Defn: Nearly or approximately square; almost square.

SUBQUADRUPLE
Sub*quad"ru*ple, a.

Defn: Containing one part of four; in the ratio of one to four; as,
subquadruple proportion. Bp. Wilkins.

SUBQUINQUEFID
Sub*quin"que*fid, a.

Defn: Almost quinquefid; nearly quinquefid.

SUBQUINTUPLE
Sub*quin"tu*ple, a.

Defn: Having the ratio of one to five; as, subquintuple proportion.
Bp. Wilkins.

SUBREADER
Sub*read"er, n. (Law)

Defn: An under reader in the inns of court, who reads the texts of
law the reader is to discourse upon. [Eng.] Crabb.

SUBRECTOR
Sub*rec"tor, n.

Defn: An assistant restor. [Eng.]

SUBRELIGION
Sub`re*li"gion, n.

Defn: A secondary religion; a belief or principle held in a quasi
religious veneration.
Loyalty is in the English a subreligion. Emerson.

SUBREPTION
Sub*rep"tion, n. Etym: [L. subreptio, fr. subripere, subreptum, to
snatch or take away secretly: cf. F. subreption. See Surreptitious.]

Defn: The act of obtaining a favor by surprise, or by unfair
representation through suppression or fraudulent concealment of
facts. Bp. Hall.

SUBREPTITIOUS
Sub`rep*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. subreptitius. See Surreptitious.]

Defn: Surreptitious. [Obs.] -- Sub`rep*ti"tious*ly, adv. [Obs.]

SUBREPTIVE
Sub*rep"tive, a. Etym: [L. subreptivus.]

Defn: Surreptitious. [Obs.]

SUBRIGID
Sub*rig"id, a.

Defn: Somewhat rigid or stiff.

SUBRIGUOUS
Sub*rig"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. subriguus; sub under + riguus watered,
akin to rigare to water.]

Defn: Watered or wet beneath; well-watered. [Obs.] Blount.

SUBROGATE
Sub"ro*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. subrogatus, p.p. of subrogare. See
Surrogate.]

Defn: To put in the place of another; to substitute. Barrow.

SUBROGATION
Sub`ro*ga"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subrogation, LL. subrogatio.]

Defn: The act of subrogating. Specifically: (Law)

Defn: The substitution of one person in the place of another as a
creditor, the new creditor succeeding to the rights of the former;
the mode by which a third person who pays a creditor succeeds to his
rights against the debtor. Bouvier. Burrill. Abbott.

SUBROTUND
Sub`ro*tund", a.

Defn: Somewhat rotund.

SUBSACRAL
Sub*sa"cral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the sacrum.

SUBSALINE
Sub`sa*line", a.

Defn: Moderately saline or salt.

SUBSALT
Sub"salt`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A basic salt. See the Note under Salt.

SUBSANNATION
Sub`san*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. subsannatio, fr. subsannare to deride
by mimicking gestures.]

Defn: Derision; mockery. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

SUBSCAPULAR; SUBSCAPULARY
Sub*scap"u*lar, Sub*scap"u*la*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated beneath the scapula; infrascapular; as, the
subscapular muscle.

SUBSCRIBABLE
Sub*scrib"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being subscribed. [R.]

SUBSCRIBE
Sub*scribe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subscribed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subscribing.] Etym: [L. subscribere, subscriptum; sub under +
scribere to write: cf. F. souscrire. See Scribe.]

1. To write underneath, as one's name; to sign (one's name) to a
document.
[They] subscribed their names under them. Sir T. More.

2. To sign with one's own hand; to give consent to, as something
written, or to bind one's self to the terms of, by writing one's name
beneath; as, parties subscribe a covenant or contract; a man
subscribes a bond.
All the bishops subscribed the sentence. Milman.

3. To attest by writing one's name beneath; as, officers subscribe
their official acts, and secretaries and clerks subscribe copies or
records.

4. To promise to give, by writing one's name with the amount; as,
each man subscribed ten dollars.

5. To sign away; to yield; to surrender. [Obs.] Shak.

6. To declare over one's signature; to publish. [Obs.]
Either or must shortly hear from him, or I will subscribe him a
coward. Shak.

SUBSCRIBE
Sub*scribe", v. i.

1. To sign one's name to a letter or other document. Shak.

2. To give consent to something written, by signing one's name;
hence, to assent; to agree.
So spake, so wished, much humbled Eve; but Fate Subscribed not.
Milton.

3. To become surely; -- with for. [R.] Shak.

4. To yield; to admit one's self to be inferior or in the wrong.
[Obs.]
I will subscribe, and say I wronged the duke. Shak.

5. To set one's name to a paper in token of promise to give a certain
sum.

6. To enter one's name for a newspaper, a book, etc.

SUBSCRIBER
Sub*scrib"er, n.

1. One who subscribes; one who contributes to an undertaking by
subscribing.

2. One who enters his name for a paper, book, map, or the like.
Dryden.

SUBSCRIPT
Sub"script, a. Etym: [L. subscriptus, p.p. See Subscribe.]

Defn: Written below or underneath; as, iota subscript. (See under
Iota.) Specifically (Math.), said of marks, figures, or letters
(suffixes), written below and usually to the right of other letters
to distinguish them; as, a, n, 2, in the symbols Xa, An, Y2. See
Suffix, n., 2, and Subindex.

SUBSCRIPT
Sub"script, n.

Defn: Anything written below. Bentley.

SUBSCRIPTION
Sub*scrip"tion, n. Etym: [L. subscriptio: cf. F. souscription.]

1. The act of subscribing.

2. That which is subscribed. Specifically:
(a) A paper to which a signature is attached.
(b) The signature attached to a paper.
(c) Consent or attestation by underwriting the name.
(d) Sum subscribed; amount of sums subscribed; as, an individual
subscription to a fund.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: The acceptance of articles, or other tests tending to promote
uniformity; esp. (Ch. of Eng.), formal assent to the Thirty-nine
Articles and the Book of Common Prayer, required before ordination.

4. Submission; obedience. [Obs.]
You owe me no subscription. Shak.

5. (Pharm.)

Defn: That part of a prescription which contains the direction to the
apothecary.

Defn: A method of purchasing items produced periodically in a series,
as newspapers or magazines, in which a certain number of the items
are delivered as produced, without need for ordering each item
individually; also, the purchase thus executed.

Note: The right to attend a series of public performances of ballet,
opera, or music are also often sold by subscription. The payment for
a subscription may be made prior to delivery of any items (common
with magazines and performances), or after a certain number of the
items have been delivered (common with newspapers or works of art
produced in a series). 7. An application to purchase a certain number
of securities to be delivered when they are newly issued.

SUBSCRIPTIVE
Sub*scrip"tive, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a subscription, or signature. "The
subscriptive part." Richardson.
 -- Sub*scrip"tive*ly, adv.

SUBSECUTE
Sub"se*cute, v. t. Etym: [L. subsecutus, p.p. of subsequi. See
Subsequent.]

Defn: To follow closely, or so as to overtake; to pursue. [Obs.]
To follow and detain him, if by any possibility he could be
subsecuted and overtaken. E. Hall.

SUBSECUTIVE
Sub*sec"u*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. subsécutif.]

Defn: Following in a train or succession. [R.]

SUBSELLIUM
Sub*sel"li*um, n.; pl. Subsellia. Etym: [L.] (Eccl. Arch.)

Defn: One of the stalls of the lower range where there are two
ranges. See Illust. of Stall.

SUBSEMITONE
Sub*sem"i*tone, n. (Mus.)

Defn: The sensible or leading note, or sharp seventh, of any key;
subtonic.

SUBSENSIBLE
Sub*sen"si*ble, a.

Defn: Deeper than the reach of the senses. "That subsensible world."
Tyndall.

SUBSEPTUPLE
Sub*sep"tu*ple, a.

Defn: Having the ratio of one to seven. Bp. Wilkins.

SUBSEQUENCE; SUBSEQUENCY
Sub"se*quence, Sub"se*quen*cy, n.

Defn: The act or state of following; -- opposed to precedence.

SUBSEQUENT
Sub"se*quent, a. Etym: [L. subsequens, -entis, p.pr. of subsequi to
follow, succeed: cf. F. subséquent. See Sue to follow.]

1. Following in time; coming or being after something else at any
time, indefinitely; as, subsequent events; subsequent ages or years;
a period long subsequent to the foundation of Rome.

2. Following in order of place; succeeding; as, a subsequent clause
in a treaty. "The subsequent words come on before the precedent
vanish." Bacon.

SUBSEQUENTLY
Sub"se*quent*ly, adv.

Defn: At a later time; afterwards.

SUBSEROUS
Sub*se"rous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under a serous membrane.

SUBSERVE
Sub*serve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subserved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subserving.] Etym: [L. subservire; sub under + servire to serve. See
Serve.]

Defn: To serve in subordination or instrumentally; to be subservient
to; to help forward; to promote.
It is a great credit to know the ways of captivating Nature, and
making her subserve our purposes, than to have learned all the
intrigues of policy. Glanvill.

SUBSERVE
Sub*serve", v. i.

Defn: To be subservient or subordinate; to serve in an inferior
capacity.
Not made to rule, But to subserve where wisdom bears command. Milton.

SUBSERVIENCE; SUBSERVIENCY
Sub*serv"i*ence, Sub*serv"i*en*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being subservient; instrumental fitness
or use; hence, willingness to serve another's purposes; in a
derogatory sense, servility.
The body wherein appears much fitness, use, and subserviency to
infinite functions. Bentley.
There is a regular subordination and subserviency among all the parts
to beneficial ends. Cheyne.

SUBSERVIENT
Sub*serv"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. subserviens, -entis, p.pr. See
Subserve.]

Defn: Fitted or disposed to subserve; useful in an inferior capacity;
serving to promote some end; subordinate; hence, servile, truckling.
Scarce ever reading anything which he did not make subservient in one
kind or other. Bp. Fell.
These ranks of creatures are subservient one to another. Ray.
Their temporal ambition was wholly subservient to their proselytizing
spirit. Burke.

SUBSERVIENTLY
Sub*serv"i*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a subservient manner.

SUBSESQUI-
Sub*ses"qui-. Etym: [Pref. sub- + sesqui-.] (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix (also used adjectively) denoting the combination of
constituents (especially electro-negative and electro-positive
bodies) in the proportion of two to three; as, a subsesqui acetate,
i. e., a salt having two equivalents of acetic acid to three of the
base.

SUBSEXTUPLE
Sub*sex"tu*ple, a.

Defn: Having the ratio of one to six; as, a subsextuple proportion.
Bp. Wilkins.

SUBSIDE
Sub*side", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Subsided; p. pr. & vb. n. Subsiding.]
Etym: [L. subsidere; sub under, below + sidere to sit down, to
settle; akin to sedere to sit, E. sit. See Sit.]

1. To sink or fall to the bottom; to settle, as lees.

2. To tend downward; to become lower; to descend; to sink. "Heaven's
subsiding hill." Dryden.

3. To fall into a state of quiet; to cease to rage; to be calmed; to
settle down; to become tranquil; to abate; as, the sea subsides; the
tumults of war will subside; the fever has subsided. "In cases of
danger, pride and envy naturally subside." C. Middleton.

Syn.
 -- See Abate.

SUBSIDENCE; SUBSIDENCY
Sub*sid"ence, Sub*sid"en*cy, n. Etym: [L. subsidens, -entis, p.pr. of
subsidere. See Subside.]

Defn: The act or process of subsiding.
The subdual or subsidence of the more violent passions. Bp.
Warburton.

SUBSIDIARILY
Sub*sid"i*a*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a subsidiary manner; so as to assist.

SUBSIDIARY
Sub*sid"i*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. subsidiarius: cf. F. subsidiaire. See
Subsidy.]

1. Furnishing aid; assisting; auxiliary; helping; tributary;
especially, aiding in an inferior position or capacity; as, a
subsidiary stream.
Chief ruler and principal head everywhere, not suffragant and
subsidiary. Florio.
They constituted a useful subsidiary testimony of another state of
existence. Coleridge.

2. Of or pertaining to a subsidy; constituting a subsidy; being a
part of, or of the nature of, a subsidy; as, subsidiary payments to
an ally.
George the Second relied on his subsidiary treaties. Ld. Mahon.

SUBSIDIARY
Sub*sid"i*a*ry, n.; pl. Subsidiaries (.

Defn: One who, or that which, contributes aid or additional supplies;
an assistant; an auxiliary. Hammond.

SUBSIDIZE
Sub"si*dize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subsidized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subsidizing.] Etym: [From Subsidy.]

Defn: To furnish with a subsidy; to purchase the assistance of by the
payment of a subsidy; to aid or promote, as a private enterprise,
with public money; as, to subsidize a steamship line.
He employed the remittances from Spain to subsidize a large body of
German mercenaries. Prescott.

SUBSIDY
Sub"si*dy, n.; pl. Subsidies. Etym: [L. subsidium the troops
stationed in reserve in the third line of battlem reserve, support,
help, fr. subsidere to sit down, lie in wait: cf. F. subside. See
Subside.]

1. Support; aid; coöperation; esp., extraordinary aid in money
rendered to the sovereign or to a friendly power.
They advised the king to send speedy aids, and with much alacrity
granted a great rate of subsidy. Bacon.

Note: Subsidies were taxes, not immediately on on property, but on
persons in respect of their reputed estates, after the nominal rate
of 4s. the pound for lands, and 2s. 8d. for goods. Blackstone.

2. Specifically: A sum of money paid by one sovereign or nation to
another to purchase the coöperation or the neutrality of such
sovereign or nation in war.

3. A grant from the government, from a municipal corporation, or the
like, to a private person or company to assist the establishment or
support of an enterprise deemed advantageous to the public; a
subvention; as, a subsidy to the owners of a line of ocean
steamships.

Syn.
 -- Tribute; grant.
 -- Subsidy, Tribute. A subsidy is voluntary; a tribute is exacted.

SUBSIGN
Sub*sign", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subsigned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subsigning.] Etym: [L. subsignare; sub under + signare to mark: cf.
F. soussigner. See Sign.]

Defn: To sign beneath; to subscribe. [R.] Camden.

SUBSIGNATION
Sub`sig*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. subsignatio.]

Defn: The act of writing the name under something, as for
attestation. [R.] Shelton.

SUBSILICATE
Sub*sil"i*cate, n.

Defn: A basic silicate.

SUBSIST
Sub*sist", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Subsisted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subsisting.] Etym: [L. subsistere to stand still, stay, remain alive;
sub under + sistere to stand, to cause to stand, from stare to stand:
cf. F. subsister. See Stand.]

1. To be; to have existence; to inhere.
And makes what happiness we justly call, Subsist not in the good of
one, but all. Pope.

2. To continue; to retain a certain state.
Firm we subsist, yet possible to swerve. Milton.

3. To be maintained with food and clothing; to be supported; to live.
Milton.
To subsist on other men's charity. Atterbury.

SUBSIST
Sub*sist", v. t.

Defn: To support with provisions; to feed; to maintain; as, to
subsist one's family.
He laid waste the adjacent country in order to render it more
difficult for the enemy to subsist their army. Robertson.

SUBSISTENCE
Sub*sist"ence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subsistance, L. subsistentia.]

1. Real being; existence.
Not only the things had subsistence, but the very images were of some
creatures existing. Stillingfleet.

2. Inherency; as, the subsistence of qualities in bodies.

3. That which furnishes support to animal life; means of support;
provisions, or that which produces provisions; livelihood; as, a
meager subsistence.
His viceroy could only propose to himself a comfortable subsistence
out of the plunder of his province. Addison.

4. (Theol.)

Defn: Same as Hypostasis, 2. Hooker.

SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT
Sub*sist"ence De*part"ment. (Mil.)

Defn: A staff department of the United States army charged, under the
supervision of the Chief of Staff, with the purchasing and issuing to
the army of such supplies as make up the  ration. It also supplies,
for authorized sales, certain articles of food and other minor
stores. It is commanded by any officer of the rank of brigadier
general, called commissary general, and the department is popularly
called the Commissary Department.

SUBSISTENCY
Sub*sist"en*cy, n.

Defn: Subsistence. [R.]

SUBSISTENT
Sub*sist"ent, a. Etym: [L. subsistens, p.pr. See Subsist.]

1. Having real being; as, a subsistent spirit.

2. Inherent; as, qualities subsistent in matter.

SUBSIZAR
Sub*si"zar, n.

Defn: An under sizar; a student of lower rank than a sizar.
[Cambridge Univ. Eng.]
Bid my subsizar carry my hackney to the buttery and give him his
bever. J. Fletcher.

SUBSOIL
Sub"soil`, n.

Defn: The bed, or stratum, of earth which lies immediately beneath
the surface soil. Subsoil plow, a plow having a share and standard
but no moldboard. It follows in the furrow made by an ordinary plow,
and loosens the soil to an additional depth without bringing it to
the surface. Knight.

SUBSOIL
Sub"soil`, v. t.

Defn: To turn up the subsoil of.

SUBSOLARY
Sub*so"la*ry, a.

Defn: Being under the sun; hence, terrestrial; earthly; mundane. [R.]

SUBSPECIES
Sub*spe"cies, n.

Defn: A group somewhat lessdistinct than speciesusually are, but
based on characters more important than those which characterize
ordinary varieties; often, a geographical variety or race.

SUBSPHENOIDAL
Sub`sphe*noid"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the body of the
sphenoid bone.

SUBSPHERICAL
Sub*spher"ic*al, a.

Defn: Nearly spherical; having a figure resembling that of a sphere.

SUBSPINOUS
Sub*spi"nous, a.
(a) (Anat.) Subvertebral.
(b) (Med.) Situated beneath a spinous process, as that of the
scapula; as, subspinous dislocation of the humerus.

SUBSTANCE
Sub"stance, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. substantia, fr. substare to be under
or present, to stand firm; sub under + stare to stand. See Stand.]

1. That which underlies all outward manifestations; substratum; the
permanent subject or cause of phenomena, whether material or
spiritual; that in which properties inhere; that which is real, in
distinction from that which is apparent; the abiding part of any
existence, in distinction from any accident; that which constitutes
anything what it is; real or existing essence.
These cooks, how they stamp, and strain, and grind, And turn
substance into accident! Chaucer.
Heroic virtue did his actions guide, And he the substance, not the
appearance, chose. Dryden.

2. The most important element in any existence; the characteristic
and essential components of anything; the main part; essential
import; purport.
This edition is the same in substance with the Latin. Bp. Burnet.
It is insolent in words, in manner; but in substance it is not only
insulting, but alarming. Burke.

3. Body; matter; material of which a thing is made; hence,
substantiality; solidity; firmness; as, the substance of which a
garment is made; some textile fabrics have little substance.

4. Material possessions; estate; property; resources.
And there wasted his substance with riotous living. Luke xv. 13.
Thy substance, valued at the highest rate, Can not amount unto a
hundred marks. Shak.
We are destroying many thousand lives, and exhausting our substance,
but not for our own interest. Swift.

5. (Theol.)

Defn: Same as Hypostasis, 2.

SUBSTANCE
Sub"stance, v. t.

Defn: To furnish or endow with substance; to supply property to; to
make rich. [Obs.]

SUBSTANCELESS
Sub"stance*less, a.

Defn: Having no substance; unsubstantial. [R.] Coleridge.

SUBSTANT
Sub"stant, a. Etym: [L. substans, -antis, p.pr. of substare to be
firm.]

Defn: Substantial; firm. [R.] "[The glacier's] substant ice." The
Century.

SUBSTANTIAL
Sub*stan"tial, a. Etym: [F. substantiel, L. substantialis.]

1. Belonging to substance; actually existing; real; as, substantial
life. Milton.
If this atheist would have his chance to be real and substantial
agent, he is more stupid than the vulgar. Bentley.

2. Not seeming or imaginary; not illusive; real; solid; true;
veritable.
If happinessbe a substantial good. Denham.
The substantial ornaments of virtue. L'Estrange.

3. Corporeal; material; firm. "Most ponderous and substantial
things." Shak.
The rainbow [appears to be] a large substantial arch. I. Watts.

4. Having good substance; strong; stout; solid; firm; as, substantial
cloth; a substantial fence or wall.

5. Possessed of goods or an estate; moderately wealthy; responsible;
as, a substantial freeholder. "Substantial yeomen and burghers." Sir
W. Scott.

SUBSTANTIALITY
Sub*stan`ti*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being substantial; corporiety;
materiality.
The soul is a stranger to such gross substantiality. Glanvill.

SUBSTANTIALIZE
Sub*stan"tial*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Substantialized; p. pr. & vb.
n. Substantializing.]

Defn: To make substantial.

SUBSTANTIALLY
Sub*stan"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a substantial manner; in substance; essentially.
In him all his Father shone, Substantially expressed. Milton.
The laws of this religion would make men, if they would truly observe
them, substantially religious toward God, chastle, and temperate.
Tillotson.

SUBSTANTIALNESS
Sub*stan"tial*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being substantial; as, the
substantialness of a wall or column.

SUBSTANTIALS
Sub*stan"tials, n. pl.

Defn: Essential parts. Ayliffe.

SUBSTANTIATE
Sub*stan"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Substantiated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Substantiating.]

1. To make to exist; to make real. Ayliffe.

2. To establish the existence or truth of by proof or competent
evidence; to verify; as, to substantiate a charge or allegation; to
substantiate a declaration.
Observation is, in turn, wanted to direct and substantiate the course
of experiment. Coleridge.

SUBSTANTIATION
Sub*stan`ti*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of substantiating or proving; evidence; proof.

SUBSTANTIVAL
Sub`stan*ti"val, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a substantive; of the nature of
substantive.
 -- Sub`stan*ti"val*ly, adv.

SUBSTANTIVE
Sub"stan*tive, a. Etym: [L. substantivus: cf. F. substantif.]

1. Betokening or expressing existence; as, the substantive verb, that
is, the verb to be.

2. Depending on itself; independent.
He considered how sufficient and substantive this land was to
maintain itself without any aid of the foreigner. Bacon.

3. Enduring; solid; firm; substantial.
Strength and magnitude are qualities which impress the imagination in
a powerful and substantive manner. Hazlitt.

4. Pertaining to, or constituting, the essential part or principles;
as, the law substantive. Noun substantive (Gram.), a noun which
designates an object, material or immaterial; a substantive.
 -- Substantive color, one which communicates its color without the
aid of a mordant or base; -- opposed to adjective color.

SUBSTANTIVE
Sub"stan*tive, n. Etym: [Cf. F. substantif.] (Gram.)

Defn: A noun or name; the part of speech which designates something
that exists, or some object of thought, either material or
immaterial; as, the words man, horse, city, goodness, excellence, are
substantives.

SUBSTANTIVE
Sub"stan*tive, v. t.

Defn: To substantivize. [R.] Cudworth.

SUBSTANTIVELY
Sub"stan*tive*ly, adv.

1. In a substantive manner; in substance; essentially.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: As a substantive, name, or noun; as, an adjective may be used
substantively.

SUBSTANTIVENESS
Sub"stan*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being substantive.

SUBSTANTIVIZE
Sub"stan*tiv*ize, v. t.

Defn: To convert into a substantive; as, to substantivize an
adjective. Fitzed. Hall.

SUBSTILE
Sub"stile`, n. (Dialing)

Defn: See Substyle.

SUBSTITUENT
Sub*stit"u*ent, n. Etym: [L. substituens, p.pr. See Substitute.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Any atom, group, or radical substituted for another, or
entering a molecule in place of some other part which is removed.

SUBSTITUTE
Sub"stit"ute, n. Etym: [L. substitutus, p.p. of substituere to put
under, put in the place of; sub under + statuere to put, place: cf.
F. substitut. See Statute.]

Defn: One who, or that which, is substituted or put in the place of
another; one who acts for another; that which stands in lieu of
something else; specifically (Mil.),

Defn: a person who enlists for military service in the place of a
conscript or drafted man.
Hast thou not made me here thy substitute Milton.
Ladies [in Shakespeare's age] . . . wore masks as the sole substitute
known to our ancestors for the modern parasol. De Quincey.

SUBSTITUTE
Sub"stit"ute, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Substituted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Substituting.] Etym: [See Substitute, n.]

Defn: To put in the place of another person or thing; to exchange.
Some few verses are inserted or substituted in the room of others.
Congreve.

SUBSTITUTED
Sub"stit"uted, a.

1. Exchanged; put in the place of another.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Containing substitutions or replacements; having been subjected
to the process of substitution, or having some of its parts replaced;
as, alcohol is a substituted water; methyl amine is a substituted
ammonia. Substituted executor (Law), an executor appointed to act in
place of one removed or resigned.

SUBSTITUTION
Sub`sti*tu"tion, n. Etym: [L. substitutio: cf. F. substitution.]

1. The act of substituting or putting one person or thing in the
place of another; as, the substitution of an agent, attorney, or
representative to act for one in his absense; the substitution of
bank notes for gold and silver as a circulating medium.

2. The state of being substituted for another.

3. The office or authority of one acting for another; delegated
authority. [R.] Shak.

4. (Civil Law)

Defn: The designation of a person in a will to take a devise or
legacy, either on failure of a former devisee or legatee by
incapacity or unwillingness to accept, or after him. Burrill.

5. (Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine that Christ suffered vicariously, being
substituted for the sinner, and that his sufferings were expiatory.

6. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of substituting an atom or radical for
another atom or radical; metethesis; also, the state of being so
substituted. See Metathesis.

SUBSTITUTIONAL
Sub`sti*tu"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to substitution; standing in the place of
another; substituted.
 -- Sub`sti*tu"tion*al*ly, adv.

SUBSTITUTIONARY
Sub`sti*tu"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to substitution; substitutional.

SUBSTITUTIVE
Sub"sti*tu`tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. substitutif, L. substitutivus
conditional.]

Defn: Tending to afford or furnish a substitute; making substitution;
capable of being substituted. Bp. Wilkins.

SUBSTRACT
Sub*stract", v. t. Etym: [F. suostraire; L. subtus below (from sub
under) + trahere to draw. See Substract.]

Defn: To subtract; to withdraw. [Obs.] Barrow.

SUBSTRACTION
Sub*strac"tion, n. Etym: [OF. substraction, F. soustraction. See
Subtract.]

1. Subtraction; deduction. [Obs.]

2. (Law)

Defn: See Subtraction, 3.

SUBSTRACTOR
Sub*stract"or, n.

1. One who subtracts.

2. A detractor; a slanderer. [Obs.] Shak.

SUBSTRATE
Sub"strate, n.

Defn: A substratum. [R.]

SUBSTRATE
Sub"strate, a.

Defn: Having very slight furrows. [R.]

SUBSTRATE
Sub*strate", v. t. Etym: [L. substratus, p.p. of substrahere. See
Substratum.]

Defn: To strew or lay under anything. [Obs.]
The melted glass being supported by the substrated sand. Boyle.

SUBSTRATUM
Sub*stra"tum, n.; pl. Substrata. Etym: [L. substratus, p.p. of
substernere to strew under; sub under + sternere to strew. See
Stratum.]

1. That which is laid or spread under; that which underlies
something, as a layer of earth lying under another; specifically
(Agric.), the subsoil.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: The permanent subject of qualities or cause of phenomena;
substance.

SUBSTRUCT
Sub*struct", v. t. Etym: [See Substruction.]

Defn: To build beneath something; to lay as the foundation. [R.]
He substructs the religion of Asia as the base. Emerson.

SUBSTRUCTION
Sub*struc"tion, n. Etym: [L. substructio, fr. substruere,
substructum, to build beneath; sub under + struere to build.] (Arch.)

Defn: Underbuilding; the foundation, or any preliminary structure
intended to raise the lower floor or basement of a building above the
natural level of the ground.
It is a magnificent strong building, with a substruction very
remarkable. Evelyn.

SUBSTRUCTURE
Sub*struc"ture, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + structure.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Substruction.

2. An under structure; a foundation; groundwork.

SUBSTYLAR
Sub*sty"lar, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the substyle.

SUBSTYLE
Sub"style`, n. (Dialing)

Defn: A right line on which the style, or gnomon, of a dial is
erected; being the common section of the face of the dial and a plane
perpendicular to it passing through the style. [Written also
substile.] Hutton.

SUBSULPHATE
Sub*sul"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A sulphate with an excess of the base.

SUBSULPHIDE
Sub*sul"phide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A nonacid compound consisting of one equivalent of sulphur and
more than one equivalent of some other body, as a metal.

SUBSULTIVE
Sub*sul"tive, a.

Defn: Subsultory. [R.] Berkley.

SUBSULTORY
Sub*sul"to*ry, a. Etym: [L. subsilire, subsultum, to spring up; sub
under + salire to leap.]

Defn: Bounding; leaping; moving by sudden leaps or starts. [R.] --
Sub*sul"to*ri*ly, adv. [R.]
Flippancy opposed to solemnity, the subsultory to the continuous, --
these are the two frequent extremities to which the French manner
betrays men. De Quincey.

SUBSULTUS
Sub*sul"tus, n. Etym: [NL. See Subsultory.] (Med.)

Defn: A starting, twitching, or convulsive motion.

SUBSUMABLE
Sub*sum"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being subsumed. J. B. Stallo.

SUBSUME
Sub*sume", v. t. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. sumere to take.]

Defn: To take up into or under, as individual under species, species
under genus, or particular under universal; to place (any one
cognition) under another as belonging to it; to include under
something else.
To subsume one proposition under another. De Quincey.
A principle under which one might subsume men's most strenuous
efforts after righteousness. W. Pater.

SUBSUMPTION
Sub*sump"tion, n.

1. The act of subsuming, or of including under another.
The first act of consciousness was a subsumption of that of which we
were conscious under this notion. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. That which is subsumed, as the minor clause or premise of a
syllogism.
But whether you see cause to go against the rule, or the subsumption
under the rule. De Quincey.

SUBSUMPTIVE
Sub*sump"tive, a.

Defn: Relating to, or containing, a subsumption. Coleridge.

SUBTANGENT
Sub*tan"gent, n. (Geom.)

Defn: The part of the axis contained between the ordinate and tangent
drawn to the same point in a curve.

SUBTARTAREAN
Sub`tar*ta"re*an, a.

Defn: Being or living under Tartarus; infernal. "Subtartarean
powers." Pope.

SUBTECTACLE
Sub*tec"ta*cle, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. tectum a roof.]

Defn: A space under a roof; a tabernacle; a dwelling. [Obs.] Davies
(Holy Roode).

SUBTEGULANEOUS
Sub*teg`u*la"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. subtegulaneus; sub under + tegulare
tiles for a roof.]

Defn: Under the roof or eaves; within doors. [R.]

SUBTENANT
Sub*ten"ant, n. (Law)

Defn: One who rents a tenement, or land, etc., of one who is also a
tenant; an undertenant.

SUBTEND
Sub*tend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subtended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subtending.] Etym: [L. subtendere; sub under + tendere to stretch,
extend. See Tend.]

Defn: To extend under, or be opposed to; as, the line of a triangle
which subtends the right angle; the chord subtends an arc.

SUBTENSE
Sub*tense", n. Etym: [L. subtendere, subtentum. See Subtend, Tense,
a.] (Geom.)

Defn: A line subtending, or stretching across; a chord; as, the
subtense of an arc.

SUBTEPID
Sub*tep"id, a.

Defn: Slightly tepid.

SUBTERETE
Sub`te*rete", a.

Defn: Somewhat terete.

SUBTERFLUENT; SUBTERFLUOUS
Sub*ter"flu*ent, Sub*ter"flu*ous, a. Etym: [L. subterfluens, p.pr. of
subterfluere to flow beneath; subter under + fluere to flow.]

Defn: Running under or beneath. [R.]

SUBTERFUGE
Sub"ter*fuge, n. Etym: [F., from LL. subterfugium, fr. L.
subterfugere to flee secretly, to escape; subter under + fugere to
flee. See Fugitive.]

Defn: That to which one resorts for escape or concealment; an
artifice employed to escape censure or the force of an argument, or
to justify opinions or conduct; a shift; an evasion.
Affect not little shifts and subterfuges, to avoid the force of an
argument. I. Watts.
By a miserable subterfuge, they hope to render this position safe by
rendering it nugatory. Burke.

SUBTERRANE
Sub"ter*rane, n. Etym: [Cf. L. subterraneum, F. souterrain. See
Subterranean.]

Defn: A cave or room under ground. [R.] J. Bryant.

SUBTERRANEAL
Sub`ter*ra"ne*al, a.

Defn: Subterranean. [Obs.]

SUBTERRANEAN; SUBTERRANEOUS
Sub`ter*ra"ne*an, Sub`ter*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. subterraneus; sub
under + terra earth. See Terrace.]

Defn: Being or lying under the surface of the earth; situated within
the earth, or under ground; as, subterranean springs; a subterraneous
passage.
 -- Sub`ter*ra"ne*ous*ly, adv.

SUBTERRANITY
Sub`ter*ran"i*ty, n.

Defn: A place under ground; a subterrany. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SUBTERRANY
Sub"ter*ra*ny, a.

Defn: Subterranean. [Obs.] Bacon.
 -- n.

Defn: A subterranean place. [Obs.]

SUBTERRENE
Sub`ter*rene", a. Etym: [L. subterrenus, equiv. to subterraneus.]

Defn: Subterraneous. [Obs.]

SUBTERRESTRIAL
Sub`ter*res"tri*al, a.

Defn: Subterranean.

SUBTHALAMIC
Sub`tha*lam"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the optic thalamus.

SUBTILE
Sub"tile, a. Etym: [L. subtilis. See Subtile.]

1. Thin; not dense or gross; rare; as, subtile air; subtile vapor; a
subtile medium.

2. Delicately constituted or constructed; nice; fine; delicate;
tenuous; finely woven. "A sotil [subtile] twine's thread." Chaucer.
More subtile web Arachne can not spin. Spenser.
I do distinguish plain Each subtile line of her immortal face. Sir J.
Davies.

3. Acute; piercing; searching.
The slow disease and subtile pain. Prior.

5. Characterized by nicety of discrimination; discerning; delicate;
refined; subtle. [In this sense now commonly written subtle.]
The genius of the Spanish people is exquisitely subtile, without
being at all acute; hence there is so much humor and so little wit in
their literature. The genius of the Italians, on the contrary, is
acute, profound, and sensual, but not subtile; hence what they think
to be humorous, is merely witty. Coleridge.
The subtile influence of an intellect like Emerson's. Hawthorne.

5. Sly; artful; cunning; crafty; subtle; as, a subtile person; a
subtile adversary; a subtile scheme. [In this sense now commonly
written subtle.]

Syn.
 -- Subtile, Acute. In acute the image is that of a needle's point;
in subtile that of a thread spun out to fineness. The acute intellect
pierces to its aim; the subtile (or subtle) intellect winds its way
through obstacles.
 -- Sub"tile*ly, adv.
 -- Sub"tile*ness, n.

SUBTILIATE
Sub*til"i*ate, v. t. Etym: [LL. subtiliare.]

Defn: To make thin or rare. [Obs.] Harvey.
 -- Sub`til*i*a"tion, n. [Obs.] Boyle.

SUBTILISM
Sub"til*ism, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being subtile; subtility; subtlety.
The high orthodox subtilism of Duns Scotus. Milman.

SUBTILITY
Sub*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. subtilitas: cf. F. subtilité. See Subtle.]

Defn: Subtilty. [R.]

SUBTILIZATION
Sub`til*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subtilization.]

1. The act of making subtile.

2. (Old Chem.)

Defn: The operation of making so volatile as to rise in steam or
vapor.

3. Refinement; subtlety; extreme attenuation.

SUBTILIZE
Sub"til*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subtilized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subtilizing.] Etym: [L. subtiliser.]

1. To make thin or fine; to make less gross or coarse.

2. To refine; to spin into niceties; as, to subtilize arguments.
Nor as yet have we subtilized ourselves into savages. Burke.

SUBTILIZE
Sub"til*ize, v. i.

Defn: To refine in argument; to make very nice distinctions. Milner.

SUBTILIZER
Sub"til*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who subtilizes.

SUBTILTY
Sub"til*ty, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. subtility.]

1. The quality or state of being subtile; thinness; fineness; as, the
subtility of air or light.

2. Refinement; extreme acuteness; subtlety.
Intelligible discourses are spoiled by too much subtility in nice
divisions. Locke.

3. Cunning; skill; craft. [Obs.]
To learn a lewd man this subtility. Chaucer.

4. Slyness in design; artifice; guile; a cunning design or artifice;
a trick; subtlety.
O full of all subtility and all mischief. Acts xiii. 10.

Note: In senses 2, 3, and 4 the word is more commonly written
subtlety.

SUBTLE
Sub"tle, a. [Compar. Subtler; superl. Subtlest.] Etym: [OE. sotil,
subtil, OF. soutil, later subtil, F. subtil, L. subtilis; probably,
originally, woven fine, and fr. sub under + tela a web, fr. texere to
weave. See Text, and cf. Subtile.]

1. Sly in design; artful; cunning; insinuating; subtile; -- applied
to persons; as, a subtle foe. "A subtle traitor." Shak.

2. Cunningly devised; crafty; treacherous; as, a subtle stratagem.

3. Characterized by refinement and niceness in drawing distinctions;
nicely discriminating; -- said of persons; as, a subtle logician;
refined; tenuous; sinuous; insinuating; hence, penetrative or
pervasive; -- said of the mind; its faculties, or its operations; as,
a subtle intellect; a subtle imagination; a subtle process of
thought; also, difficult of apprehension; elusive.
Things remote from use, obscure and subtle. Milton.

4. Smooth and deceptive. [Obs.]
Like to a bowl upon a subtle ground [bowling ground]. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Artful; crafty; cunning; shrewd; sly; wily. Subtle is the most
comprehensive of these epithets and implies the finest intellectual
quality. See Shrewd, and Cunning.

SUBTLENESS
Sub"tle*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being subtle; subtlety.

SUBTLETY
Sub"tle*ty, n.; pl. Subtleties. Etym: [OE. sotelte, sutilte, OF.
sotillete, L. subtilitas. See Subtle, and cf. Subtility.]

1. The quality or state of being subtle, or sly; cunning; craftiness;
artfulness.
The fox which lives by subtlety. Shak.

2. Nice discernment with delicacy of mental action; nicety of
discrimination.

3. Something that is sly, crafty, or delusive.
Unlearned in the world's false subtleties. Shak.

SUBTLY
Sub"tly, adv.

Defn: In a subtle manner; slyly; artfully; cunningly.
Thou seest how subtly to detain thee I devise. Milton.

2. Nicely; delicately.
In the nice bee what sense so subtly true. Pope.
Subtly communicating itself to my sensibilities, but evading the
analysis of my mind. Hawthorne.

3. Deceitfully; delusively. [Obs.] Shak.

SUBTONIC
Sub*ton"ic, a. (Phonetics)

Defn: Applied to, or distinguishing, a speech element consisting of
tone, or proper vocal sound, not pure as in the vowels, but dimmed
and otherwise modified by some kind of obstruction in the oral or the
nasal passage, and in some cases with a mixture of breath sound; -- a
term introduced by Dr. James Rush in 1833. See Guide to
Pronunciation, §§155, 199-202.

SUBTONIC
Sub*ton"ic, n.

1. (Phonetics)

Defn: A subtonic sound or element; a vocal consonant, as b, d, g, n,
etc.; a subvocal.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The seventh tone of the scale, or that immediately below the
tonic; -- called also subsemitone.

SUBTORRID
Sub*tor"rid, a.

Defn: Nearly torrid.

SUBTRACT
Sub*tract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subtracted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subtracting.] Etym: [L. subtractus, p.p. of subtrahere to draw from
beneath, withdraw, remove; sub under + trahere to draw. See Trace, v.
t., and cf. Substract.]

Defn: To withdraw, or take away, as a part from the whole; to deduct;
as, subtract 5 from 9, and the remainder is 4.

SUBTRACTER
Sub*tract"er, n.

1. One who subtracts.

2. The subtrahend. [Obs.]

SUBTRACTION
Sub*trac"tion, n. Etym: [L. subtractio a drawing back. See Subtract,
and cf. Substraction.]

1. The act or operation of subtracting or taking away a part.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The taking of a lesser number or quantity from a greater of the
same kind or denomination; an operation for finding the difference
between two numbers or quantities.

3. (Law)

Defn: The withdrawing or withholding from a person of some right to
which he is entitled by law.

Note: Thus the subtraction of conjugal rights is when either the
husband or wife withdraws from the other and lives separate without
sufficient reason. The subtraction of a legacy is the withholding or
detailing of it from the legatee by the executor. In like manner, the
withholding of any service, rent, duty, or custom, is a subtraction,
for which the law gives a remedy. Blackstone.

SUBTRACTIVE
Sub*trac"tive, a.

1. Tending, or having power, to subtract.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Having the negative sign, or sign minus.

SUBTRAHEND
Sub"tra*hend`, n. Etym: [L. subtrahendus that is to be subtracted,
p.fut.pess. of subtrahere. See Subtract.] (Math.)

Defn: The sum or number to be subtracted, or taken from another.

SUBTRANSLUCENT
Sub`trans*lu"cent, a.

Defn: Not perfectly translucent.

SUBTRANSPARENT
Sub`trans*pa"rent, a.

Defn: Not perfectly transparent.

SUBTREASURER
Sub*treas"ur*er, n.

Defn: The public officer who has charge of a subtreasury. [U. S.]

SUBTREASURY
Sub*treas"ur*y, n.; pl. Subtreasuries (.

Defn: A subordinate treasury, or place of deposit; as, the United
States subtreasury at New York. [U. S.]

SUBTRIANGULAR
Sub`tri*an"gu*lar, a.

Defn: Nearly, but not perfectly, triangular. Darwin.

SUBTRIBE
Sub"tribe`, n. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of a tribe; a group of genera of a little lower rank
than a tribe.

SUBTRIHEDRAL
Sub`tri*he"dral, a.

Defn: Approaching the form of a three-sided pyramid; as, the
subtrihedral crown of a tooth. Owen.

SUBTRIPLE
Sub*tri"ple, a. (Math.)

Defn: Containing a third, or one part to three. Bp. Wilkins.

SUBTRIPLICATE
Sub*trip"li*cate, a. (Math.)

Defn: Expressed by the cube root; -- said especially of ratios.
Subtriplicate ratio, the ratio of the cube root; thus, the
subtriplicate ratio of a to b is cube roota to cube rootb, or cube
roota/b.

SUBTROPICAL
Sub*trop"ic*al, a.

Defn: Nearly tropical.

SUBTRUDE
Sub*trude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subtruded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subtruding.] Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. trudere to thrust.]

Defn: To place under; to insert. [R.]

SUBTURRICULATE
Sub`tur*ric"u*late, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Somewhat turriculate.

SUBTUTOR
Sub*tu"tor, n.

Defn: An under tutor.

SUBTYPICAL
Sub*typ"ic*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Deviating somewhat from the type of a species, genus, or other
group; slightly aberrant.

SUBULATE; SUBULATED
Su"bu*late, Su"bu*la`ted, a. Etym: [NL. subulatus, fr. L. subula an
awl.]

Defn: Very narrow, and tapering gradually to a fine point from a
broadish base; awl-shaped; linear.

SUBULICORNES
Su`bu*li*cor"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. subula an awl + cornu
horn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of insects having slender or subulate antennæ. The
dragon flies and May flies are examples.

SUBULIFORM
Su"bu*li*form, a.

Defn: Subulate.

SUBULIPALP
Su"bu*li*palp`, n. Etym: [L. subula an awl + E. palp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of carabid beetles having slender palpi.

SUBUMBONAL
Sub`um*bo"nal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Beneath or forward of the umbos of a bivalve shell.

SUBUMBRELLA
Sub`um*brel"la, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The integument of the under surface of the bell, or disk-shaped
body, of a jellyfish.

SUBUNDATION
Sub`un*da"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. unda a wave.]

Defn: A flood; a deluge. [Obs.] Huloet.

SUBUNGUAL
Sub*un"gual, a.

Defn: Under the nail or hoof.

SUBURB
Sub"urb, n. Etym: [L. suburbium; sub under, below, near + urbs a
city. See Urban.]

1. An outlying part of a city or town; a smaller place immediately
adjacent to a city; in the plural, the region which is on the
confines of any city or large town; as, a house stands in the
suburbs; a garden situated in the suburbs of Paris. "In the suburbs
of a town." Chaucer.
[London] could hardly have contained less than thirty or forty
thousand souls within its walls; and the suburbs were very populous.
Hallam.

2. Hence, the confines; the outer part; the environment. "The suburbs
. . . of sorrow." Jer. Taylor.
The suburb of their straw-built citadel. Milton.
Suburb roister, a rowdy; a loafer. [Obs.] Milton.

SUBURBAN
Sub*ur"ban, a. Etym: [L. suburbanus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to suburbs; inhabiting, or being in, the
suburbs of a city. "Suburban taverns." Longfellow.
Suburban villas, highway-side retreats, . . . Delight the citizen.
Cowper.

SUBURBAN
Sub*ur"ban, n.

Defn: One who dwells in the suburbs.

SUBURBED
Sub"urbed, a.

Defn: Having a suburb or suburbs on its outer part.

SUBURBIAL; SUBURBIAN
Sub*ur"bi*al, Sub*ur"bi*an, a.

Defn: Suburban. [Obs.] "Suburbial fields." Warton. "Suburbian muse."
Dryden.

SUBURBICARIAN; SUBURBICARY
Sub*ur`bi*ca"ri*an, Sub*ur"bi*ca*ry, a. Etym: [LL. suburbicarius,
equiv. to L. suburbanus: cf. F. suburbicaire. See Suburban.]

Defn: Being in the suburbs; -- applied to the six dioceses in the
suburbs of Rome subject to the pope as bishop of Rome.
The pope having stretched his authority beyond the bounds of his
suburbicarian precincts. Barrow.

SUBURETHRAL
Sub`u*re"thral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the urethra, or under its orifice.

SUBVAGINAL
Sub*vag"i*nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under or inside a sheath or vaginal membrane; as, the
subvaginal, or subdural, spaces about the optic nerve.

SUBVARIETY
Sub`va*ri"e*ty, n.; pl. -ties (.

Defn: A subordinate variety, or a division of a variety.

SUBVENE
Sub*vene", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Subvened; p. pr. & vb. n. Subvening.]
Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. venire to come. See Subvention.]

Defn: To come under, as a support or stay; to happen.
A future state must needs subvene to prevent the whole edifice from
falling into ruin. Bp. Warburton.

SUBVENTANEOUS
Sub`ven*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. ventus wind.]

Defn: Produced by the wind. [Obs.]

SUBVENTION
Sub*ven"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. subventio, fr. L. subvenire to
come up to one's assistance, to assist. See Souvenir, and cf.
Subvene.]

1. The act of coming under. "The subvention of a cloud." Stackhouse.

2. The act of relieving, as of a burden; support; aid; assistance;
help.

3. A government aid or bounty.

SUBVENTION
Sub*ven"tion, v. t.

Defn: To subventionize.

SUBVENTIONIZE
Sub*ven"tion*ize, v. t.

Defn: To come to the aid of; to subsidize; to support.

SUBVENTITIOUS
Sub`ven*ti"tious, a.

Defn: Helping; aiding; supporting. Urquhart.

SUBVERSE
Sub*verse", v. t. Etym: [L. subversus, p.p. of subvertere. See
Subvert.]

Defn: To subvert. [Obs.] Spenser.

SUBVERSION
Sub*ver"sion, n. Etym: [L. subversio: cf. F. subversion. See
Subvert.]

Defn: The act of overturning, or the state of being overturned;
entire overthrow; an overthrow from the foundation; utter ruin;
destruction; as, the subversion of a government; the subversion of
despotic power; the subversion of the constitution.
The subversion [by a storm] of woods and timber . . . through my
whole estate. Evelyn.
Laws have been often abused to the oppression and subversion of that
order they were intended to preserve. Rogers.

SUBVERSIONARY
Sub*ver"sion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Promoting destruction.

SUBVERSIVE
Sub*ver"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. subversif.]

Defn: Tending to subvert; having a tendency to overthrow and ruin.
Lying is a vice subversive of the very ends and design of
conversation. Rogers.

SUBVERT
Sub*vert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subverted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subverting.] Etym: [L. subvertere, subversum; sub under + vertere to
turn: cf. F. subvertir. See Verse.]

1. To overturn from the foundation; to overthrow; to ruin utterly.
These are his substance, sinews, arms, and strength, With which he
yoketh your rebellious necks, Razeth your cities, and subverts your
towns. Shak.
This would subvert the principles of all knowledge. Locke.

2. To pervert, as the mind, and turn it from the truth; to corrupt;
to confound. 2 Tim. iii. 14.

Syn.
 -- To overturn; overthrow; destroy; invert; reverse; extinguish.

SUBVERT
Sub*vert", v. i.

Defn: To overthrow anything from the foundation; to be subversive.
They have a power given to them like that of the evil principle, to
subvert and destroy.

SUBVERTANT
Sub*vert"ant, a. (Her.)

Defn: Reserved. [R.]

SUBVERTEBRAL
Sub*ver"te*bral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated beneath, or on the ventral side of, the vertebral
column; situated beneath, or inside of, the endoskeleton; hypaxial;
hyposkeletal.

SUBVERTER
Sub*vert"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, subverts; an overthrower. Sir T. More.

SUBVERTIBLE
Sub*vert"i*ble, a.

Defn: That may be subverted.

SUBVITALIZED
Sub*vi"tal*ized, a.

Defn: Imperfectly vitalized; having naturally but little vital power
or energy.

SUBVOCAL
Sub*vo"cal, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Subtonic.

SUBWAY
Sub"way`, n.

Defn: An underground way or gallery; especially, a passage under a
street, in which water mains, gas mains, telegraph wires, etc., are
conducted.

SUBWORKER
Sub*work"er, n.

Defn: A subordinate worker or helper. South.

SUBZONAL
Sub*zon"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under a zone, or zona; -- applied to a membrane
between the zona radiata and the umbilical vesicle in the mammal
embryo.

SUBZYGOMATIC
Sub*zyg`o*mat"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the zygoma or zygomatic process.

SUCCADE
Suc"cade, n. Etym: [L. succus, sucus, juice: cf. F. succade a
sugarbox. Cf. Sucket.]

1. A sweetmeat. [Obs.] Holland.

2. pl. (Com.)

Defn: Sweetmeats, or preserves in sugar, whether fruit, vegetables,
or confections. Blakely. Succade gourd. (Bot.) Same as Vegetable
marrow, under Vegetable.

SUCCEDANE
Suc"ce*dane, n.

Defn: A succedaneum. [Obs.]

SUCCEDANEOUS
Suc`ce*da"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. succedaneus. See Succeed.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or acting as, a succedaneum; supplying the place
of something else; being, or employed as, a substitute for another.
Sir T. Browne.

SUCCEDANEUM
Suc`ce*da"ne*um, n.; pl. Succedanea. Etym: [NL. See Succedaneous.]

Defn: One who, or that which, succeeds to the place of another; that
which is used for something else; a substitute; specifically (Med.),

Defn: a remedy used as a substitute for another.
In lieu of me, you will have a very charming succedaneum, Lady
Harriet Stanhope. Walpole.

SUCCEED
Suc*ceed", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Succeeded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Succeeding.] Etym: [L. succedere, successum; sub under + cedere to
go, to go along, approach, follow, succeed: cf. F. succéder. See
Cede, and cf. Success.]

1. To follow in order; to come next after; hence, to take the place
of; as, the king's eldest son succeeds his father on the throne;
autumn succeeds summer.
As he saw him nigh succeed. Spenser.

2. To fall heir to; to inherit. [Obs. & R.] Shak.

3. To come after; to be subsequent or consequent to; to follow; to
pursue.
Destructive effects . . . succeeded the curse. Sir T. Browne.

4. To support; to prosper; to promote. [R.]
Succeed my wish and second my design. Dryden.

SUCCEED
Suc*ceed", v. i.

1. To come in the place of another person, thing, or event; to come
next in the usual, natural, or prescribed course of things; to
follow; hence, to come next in the possession of anything; -- often
with to.
If the father left only daughters, they equally succeeded to him in
copartnership. Sir M. Hale.
Enjoy till I return Short pleasures; for long woes are to succeed!
Milton.

2. Specifically: To ascend the throne after the removal the death of
the occupant.
No woman shall succeed in Salique land. Shak.

3. To descend, as an estate or an heirloom, in the same family; to
devolve. Shak.

4. To obtain the object desired; to accomplish what is attempted or
intended; to have a prosperous issue or termination; to be
successful; as, he succeeded in his plans; his plans succeeded.
It is almost impossible for poets to succeed without ambition.
Dryden.
Spenser endeavored it in Shepherd's Kalendar; but neither will it
succeed in English. Dryden.

5. To go under cover. [A latinism. Obs.]
Will you to the cooler cave succeed! Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To follow; pursue. See Follow.

SUCCEEDANT
Suc*ceed"ant, a. (Her.)

Defn: Succeeding one another; following.

SUCCEEDER
Suc*ceed"er, n.

Defn: A successor. Shak. Tennyson.

SUCCEEDING
Suc*ceed"ing, n.

Defn: The act of one who, or that which, succeeds; also, that which
succeeds, or follows after; consequence. Shak.

SUCCENTOR
Suc"cen*tor, n. Etym: [LL., an accompanier in singing, fr. succinere
to sing, to accompany; sub under, after + canere to sing.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A subchanter.

SUCCESS
Suc*cess", n. Etym: [L. successus: cf. F. succès. See Succeed.]

1. Act of succeeding; succession. [Obs.]
Then all the sons of these five brethren reigned By due success.
Spenser.

2. That which comes after; hence, consequence, issue, or result, of
an endeavor or undertaking, whether good or bad; the outcome of
effort.
Men . . . that are like to do that, that is committed to them, and to
report back again faithfully the success. Bacon.
Perplexed and troubled at his bad success The tempter stood. Milton.

3. The favorable or prosperous termination of anything attempted; the
attainment of a proposed object; prosperous issue.
Dream of success and happy victory! Shak.
Or teach with more success her son The vices of the time to shun.
Waller.
Military successes, above all others, elevate the minds of a people.
Atterbury.

4. That which meets with, or one who accomplishes, favorable results,
as a play or a player. [Colloq.]

SUCCESSARY
Suc"ces*sa*ry, n.

Defn: Succession. [Obs.]
My peculiar honors, not derived From successary, but purchased with
my blood. Beau. & Fl.

SUCCESSFUL
Suc*cess"ful, a.

Defn: Resulting in success; assuring, or promotive of, success;
accomplishing what was proposed; having the desired effect; hence,
prosperous; fortunate; happy; as, a successful use of medicine; a
successful experiment; a successful enterprise.
Welcome, nephews, from successful wars. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Happy; prosperous; fortunate; auspicious; lucky. See Fortunate.
 -- Suc*cess"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Suc*cess"ful*ness, n.

SUCCESSION
Suc*ces"sion, n. Etym: [L. successio: cf. F. succession. See
Succeed.]

1. The act of succeeding, or following after; a following of things
in order of time or place, or a series of things so following;
sequence; as, a succession of good crops; a succession of disasters.

2. A series of persons or things according to some established rule
of precedence; as, a succession of kings, or of bishops; a succession
of events in chronology.
He was in the succession to an earldom. Macaulay.

3. An order or series of descendants; lineage; race; descent. "A long
succession must ensue." Milton.

4. The power or right of succeeding to the station or title of a
father or other predecessor; the right to enter upon the office,
rank, position, etc., held ny another; also, the entrance into the
office, station, or rank of a predecessor; specifically, the
succeeding, or right of succeeding, to a throne.
You have the voice of the king himself for your succession in
Denmark. Shak.
The animosity of these factions did not really arise from the dispute
about the succession. Macaulay.

5. The right to enter upon the possession of the property of an
ancestor, or one near of kin, or one preceding in an established
order.

6. The person succeeding to rank or office; a successor or heir. [R.]
Milton. Apostolical succession. (Theol.) See under Apostolical.
 -- Succession duty, a tax imposed on every succession to property,
according to its value and the relation of the person who succeeds to
the previous owner. [Eng.] -- Succession of crops. (Agric.) See
Rotation of crops, under Rotation.

SUCCESSIONAL
Suc*ces"sion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a succession; existing in a regular order;
consecutive. "Successional teeth." Flower.
 -- Suc*ces"sion*al*ly, adv.

SUCCESSIONIST
Suc*ces"sion*ist, n.

Defn: A person who insists on the importance of a regular succession
of events, offices, etc.; especially (Eccl.), one who insists that
apostolic succession alone is valid.

SUCCESSIVE
Suc*ces"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. successif. See Succeed.]

1. Following in order or in uninterrupted course; coming after
without interruption or interval; following one after another in a
line or series; consecutive; as, the successive revolution of years;
the successive kings of Egypt; successive strokes of a hammer.
Send the successive ills through ages down. Prior.

2. Having or giving the right of succeeding to an inheritance;
inherited by succession; hereditary; as, a successive title; a
successive empire. [Obs.] Shak. Successive induction. (Math.) See
Induction, 5.

SUCCESSIVELY
Suc*ces"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a successive manner.
The whiteness, at length, changed successively into blue, indigo, and
violet. Sir I. Newton.

SUCCESSIVENESS
Suc*ces"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being successive.

SUCCESSLESS
Suc*cess"less, a.

Defn: Having no success.
Successless all her soft caresses prove. Pope.
-- Suc*cess"less*ly, adv.
 -- Suc*cess"less*ness, n.

SUCCESSOR
Suc*ces"sor, n. Etym: [OE. successour, OF. successur, successor, F.
successeur, L. successor. See Succeed.]

Defn: One who succeeds or follows; one who takes the place which
another has left, and sustains the like part or character; --
correlative to predecessor; as, the successor of a deceased king.
Chaucer.
A gift to a corporation, either of lands or of chattels, without
naming their successors, vests an absolute property in them so lond
as the corporation subsists. Blackstone.

SUCCIDUOUS
Suc*cid"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. succiduus, fr. succidere to fall under.]

Defn: Ready to fall; falling. [R.]

SUCCIFEROUS
Suc*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. succus, sucus, juice, sap + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing or conveying sap.

SUCCINAMATE
Suc`cin*am"ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of succinamic acid.

SUCCINAMIC
Suc`cin*am"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid amide derivative of
succinic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance, and forming
a series of salts.

SUCCINATE
Suc"ci*nate, n. Etym: [L. succinum, sucinum, amber, from succus,
sucus, juice, sap: cf. F. succinate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of succinic acid.

SUCCINCT
Suc*cinct", a. Etym: [L. succinctus, p.p. of succingere to gird below
or from below, to tuck up; sub + cingere to gird. Cf. Cincture.]

1. Girded or tucked up; bound; drawn tightly together.
His habit fit for speed succinct. Milton.

2. Compressed into a narrow compass; brief; concise.
Let all your precepts be succinct and clear. Roscommon.
The shortest and most succinct model that ever grasped all the needs
and necessities of mankind. South.

Syn.
 -- Short; brief; concise; summary; compendious; laconic; terse.
 -- Suc*cinct"ly, adv.
 -- Suc*cinct"ness, n.

SUCCINIC
Suc*cin"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. succinique. See Succinate.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, amber; specif., designating a
dibasic acid, C

SUCCINIMIDE
Suc`cin*im"ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline nitrogenous substance, C2H4.(CO)2.NH,
obtained by treating succinic anhydride with ammonia gas. It is a
typical imido acid, and forms a series of salts. See Imido acid,
under Imido.

SUCCINITE
Suc"ci*nite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. succinite.] (Min.)
(a) Amber.
(b) A garnet of an amber color.

SUCCINOUS
Suc"ci*nous, a. Etym: [From L. succinum amber.]

Defn: Succinic. [R.]

SUCCINURATE
Suc`cin*u"rate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of succinuric acid.

SUCCINURIC
Suc`cin*u"ric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid amide, analogous to
succinamic acid, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance
by heating urea with succinic anhydride. It is known also in its
salts.

SUCCINYL
Suc"cin*yl, n. Etym: [Succinic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical characteristic of succinic acid and
certain of its derivatives.

SUCCISE
Suc*cise", a. Etym: [See Succision.] (Bot.)

Defn: Appearing as if a part were cut off at the extremity.

SUCCISION
Suc*ci"sion, n. Etym: [L. succisio, fr. succidere, succisum, to cut
away below, sub under + caedere to cut.]

Defn: The act of cutting down, as of trees; the act of cutting off.
[R.]

SUCCOR
Suc"cor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Succored; p. pr. & vb. n. Succoring.]
Etym: [OE. socouren, OF. sucurre, soucourre, secorre, F. secourir, L.
succurrere, succursum, to run under, run to the aid of, help, succor;
sub under + currere to run. See Current.]

Defn: tiono run to, or run to support; hence, to help or relieve when
in difficulty, want, or distress; to assist and deliver from
suffering; to relieve; as, to succor a besieged city. [Written also
succour.]
He is able to succor them that are tempted. Heb. ii. 18.

Syn.
 -- To aid; assist; relieve; deliver; help; comfort.

SUCCOR
Suc"cor, n. Etym: [OE. socours, sucurs, OF. sucurs, socors, secors,
F. secours, L. succursus, fr. L. succurrere. See Succor, v. t.]

1. Aid; help; assistance; esp., assistance that relieves and delivers
from difficulty, want, or distress. "We beseech mercy and succor."
Chaucer.
My noble father . . . Flying for succor to his servant Bannister.
Shak.

2. The person or thing that brings relief.
This mighty succor, which made glad the foe. Dryden.

SUCCORABLE
Suc"cor*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being succored or assisted; admitting of relief.

SUCCORER
Suc"cor*er, n.

Defn: One who affords succor; a helper.

SUCCORLESS
Suc"cor*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of succor. Thomson.

SUCCORY
Suc"co*ry, n. Etym: [Corrupted from chicory.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Cichorium. See Chicory.

SUCCOTASH
Suc"co*tash, n. Etym: [Narragansett Indian m'sickquatash corn boiled
whole.]

Defn: Green maize and beans boiled together. The dish is borrowed
from the native Indians. [Written also suckatash.]

SUCCOTEAGUE
Suc`co*teague", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The squeteague.

SUCCUBA
Suc"cu*ba, n.; pl. Succubæ. Etym: [NL., fr. L. succubare to lie
under; sub under + cubare to lie down; cf. L. succuba, succubo, one
who lies under another.]

Defn: A female demon or fiend. See Succubus.
Though seeming in shape a woman natural Was a fiend of the kind that
succubæ some call. Mir. for Mag.

SUCCUBINE
Suc"cu*bine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to succuba.

SUCCUBOUS
Suc"cu*bous, a. Etym: [See Succuba.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the leaves so placed that the upper part of each one is
covered by the base of the next higher leaf, as in hepatic mosses of
the genus Plagiochila.

SUCCUBUS
Suc"cu*bus, n.; pl. Succubi. Etym: [See Succuba.]

1. A demon or fiend; especially, a lascivious spirit supposed to have
sexual intercourse with the men by night; a succuba. Cf. Incubus.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The nightmare. See Nightmare, 2.

SUCCULA
Suc"cu*la, n. Etym: [L. sucula a winch, windlass, capstan.] (Mach.)

Defn: A bare axis or cylinder with staves or levers in it to turn it
round, but without any drum.

SUCCULENCE; SUCCULENCY
Suc"cu*lence, Suc"cu*len*cy, n. Etym: [See Succulent.]

Defn: The quality or condition of being succulent; juiciness; as, the
succulence of a peach.

SUCCULENT
Suc"cu*lent, a. Etym: [L. succulentus, suculentus, fr. succus, sucus,
juice; perhaps akin to E. suck: cf. F. succulent.]

Defn: Full of juice; juicy. Succulent plants (Bot.), plants which
have soft and juicy leaves or stems, as the houseleek, the live
forever, and the species of Mesembryanthemum.

SUCCULENTLY
Suc"cu*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a succulent manner.

SUCCULOUS
Suc"cu*lous, a.

Defn: Succulent; juicy. [R.]

SUCCUMB
Suc*cumb", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Succumbed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Succumbing.] Etym: [L. succumbere; sub under + cumbere (in comp.),
akin to cubare to lie down. See Incumbent, Cubit.]

Defn: To yield; to submit; to give up unresistingly; as, to succumb
under calamities; to succumb to disease.

SUCCUMBENT
Suc*cum"bent, a. Etym: [L. succumbens, p.pr.]

Defn: Submissive; yielding. [R.] Howell.

SUCCURSAL
Suc*cur"sal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. succursale. See Succor, n. & v. t.]

Defn: Serving to aid or help; serving as a chapel of ease; tributary.
[R.]
Not a city was without its cathedral, surrounded by its succursal
churches, its monasteries, and convents. Milman.

SUCCUS
Suc"cus, n.; pl. Succi (. (Med.)

Defn: The expressed juice of a plant, for medicinal use. Succus
entericus (. Etym: [NL., literally, juice of the intestines.]
(Physiol.) A fluid secreted in small by certain glands (probably the
glands of Lieberkühn) of the small intestines. Its exact action is
somewhat doubtful.

SUCCUSSATION
Suc`cus*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. succussare to jolt, v. intens. fr.
succutere, succussum, to fling up from below, to toss up; sub under +
quatere to shake.]

1. A trot or trotting. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. A shaking; succussion.

SUCCUSSION
Suc*cus"sion, n. Etym: [L. succussio, from succutere: cf. F.
succussion. See Succussation.]

Defn: The act of shaking; a shake; esp. (Med.), a shaking of the body
to ascertain if there be a liquid in the thorax.

SUCCUSSIVE
Suc*cus"sive, a.

Defn: Characterized by a shaking motion, especially an up and down
movement, and not merely tremulous oscillation; as, the succussive
motion in earthquakes.

SUCH
Such, a. Etym: [OE. such, sich, sech, sik, swich, swilch, swulch,
swilc, swulc, AS. swelc, swilc, swylc; akin to OFries. selik, D.
zulk, OS. sulic, OHG. sulih, solih, G. solch, Icel. slikr, OSw.
salik, Sw. slik, Dan. slig, Goth. swaleiks; originally meaning, so
shaped. *192. See So, Like, a., and cf. Which.]

1. Of that kind; of the like kind; like; resembling; similar; as, we
never saw such a day; -- followed by that or as introducing the word
or proposition which defines the similarity, or the standard of
comparison; as, the books are not such that I can recommend them, or,
not such as I can recommend; these apples are not such as those we
saw yesterday; give your children such precepts as tend to make them
better.
And in his time such a conqueror That greater was there none under
the sun. Chaucer.
His misery was such that none of the bystanders could refrain from
weeping. Macaulay.

Note: The indefinite article a or an never precedes such, but is
placed between it and the noun to which it refers; as, such a man;
such an honor. The indefinite adjective some, several, one, few,
many, all, etc., precede such; as, one such book is enough; all such
people ought to be avoided; few such ideas were then held.

2. Having the particular quality or character specified.
That thou art happy, owe to God; That thou continuest such, owe to
thyself. Milton.

3. The same that; -- with as; as, this was the state of the kingdom
at such time as the enemy landed. "[It] hath such senses as we have."
Shak.

4. Certain; -- representing the object as already particularized in
terms which are not mentioned.
In rushed one and tells him such a knight Is new arrived. Daniel.
To-day or to-morrow we will go into such a city, and continue there a
year. James iv. 13.

Note: Such is used pronominally. "He was the father of such as dwell
in tents." Gen. iv. 20. "Such as I are free in spirit when our limbs
are chained." Sir W. Scott. Such is also used before adjectives
joined to substantives; as, the fleet encountered such a terrible
storm that it put back. "Everything was managed with so much care,
and such excellent order was observed." De Foe.
Temple sprung from a family which . . . long after his death produced
so many eminent men, and formed such distinguished alliances, that,
etc. Macaulay.
Such is used emphatically, without the correlative.
Now will he be mocking: I shall have such a life. Shak.
Such was formerly used with numerals in the sense of times as much or
as many; as, such ten, or ten times as many. Such and such, or Such
or such, certain; some; -- used to represent the object indefinitely,
as already particularized in one way or another, or as being of one
kind or another. "In such and such a place shall be my camp." 2 Kings
vi. 8. "Sovereign authority may enact a law commanding such and such
an action." South.
 -- Such like or character, of the like kind.
And many other such like things ye do. Mark vii. 8.

SUCHOSPONDYLOUS
Su`cho*spon"dy*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having dorsal vertebræ with long and divided transverse
processes; -- applied to certain reptiles.

SUCHWISE
Such"wise`, adv.

Defn: In a such a manner; so.

SUCK
Suck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sucked; p. pr. & vb. n. Sucking.] Etym:
[OE. suken, souken, AS. s, s; akin to D. zuigen, G. saugen, OHG. s,
Icel. s, sj, Sw. suga, Dan. suge, L. sugere. Cf. Honeysuckle, Soak,
Succulent, Suction.]

1. To draw, as a liquid, by the action of the mouth and tongue, which
tends to produce a vacuum, and causes the liquid to rush in by
atmospheric pressure; to draw, or apply force to, by exhausting the
air.

2. To draw liquid from by the action of the mouth; as, to suck an
orange; specifically, to draw milk from (the mother, the breast,
etc.) with the mouth; as, the young of an animal sucks the mother, or
dam; an infant sucks the breast.

3. To draw in, or imbibe, by any process resembles sucking; to
inhale; to absorb; as, to suck in air; the roots of plants suck water
from the ground.

4. To draw or drain.
Old ocean, sucked through the porous globe. Thomson.

5. To draw in, as a whirlpool; to swallow up.
As waters are by whirlpools sucked and drawn. Dryden.
To suck in, to draw into the mouth; to imbibe; to absorb.
 -- To suck out, to draw out with the mouth; to empty by suction.
 -- To suck up, to draw into the mouth; to draw up by suction
absorption.

SUCK
Suck, v. i.

1. To draw, or attempt to draw, something by suction, as with the
mouth, or through a tube.
Where the bee sucks, there suck I. Shak.

2. To draw milk from the breast or udder; as, a child, or the young
of an animal, is first nourished by sucking.

3. To draw in; to imbibe; to partake.
The crown had sucked too hard, and now, being full, was like to draw
less. Bacon.

SUCK
Suck, n.

1. The act of drawing with the mouth.

2. That which is drawn into the mouth by sucking; specifically, mikl
drawn from the breast. Shak.

3. A small draught. [Colloq.] Massinger.

4. Juice; succulence. [Obs.]

SUCKANHOCK
Suck"an*hock, n. Etym: [Of American Indian origin.]

Defn: A kind of seawan. See Note under Seawan.

SUCKATASH
Suck"a*tash, n.

Defn: See Succotash. Bartlett.

SUCKEN
Suck"en, n. Etym: [See Socome, Soc.] (Scots Law)

Defn: The jurisdiction of a mill, or that extent of ground astricted
to it, the tenants of which are bound to bring their grain thither to
be ground.

SUCKER
Suck"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, sucks; esp., one of the organs by which
certain animals, as the octopus and remora, adhere to other bodies.

2. A suckling; a sucking animal. Beau. & Fl.

3. The embolus, or bucket, of a pump; also, the valve of a pump
basket. Boyle.

4. A pipe through which anything is drawn.

5. A small piece of leather, usually round, having a string attached
to the center, which, when saturated with water and pressed upon a
stone or other body having a smooth surface, adheres, by reason of
the atmospheric pressure, with such force as to enable a considerable
weight to be thus lifted by the string; -- used by children as a
plaything.

6. (Bot.)

Defn: A shoot from the roots or lower part of the stem of a plant; --
so called, perhaps, from diverting nourishment from the body of the
plant.

7. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of numerous species of North American fresh-water
cyprinoid fishes of the family Catostomidæ; so called because the
lips are protrusile. The flesh is coarse, and they are of little
value as food. The most common species of the Eastern United States
are the northern sucker (Catostomus Commersoni), the white sucker (C.
teres), the hog sucker (C. nigricans), and the chub, or sweet sucker
(Erimyzon sucetta). Some of the large Western species are called
buffalo fish, red horse, black horse, and suckerel.
(b) The remora.
(c) The lumpfish.
(d) The hagfish, or myxine.
(e) A California food fish (Menticirrus undulatus) closely allied to
the kingfish (a); -- called also bagre.

8. A parasite; a sponger. See def. 6, above.
They who constantly converse with men far above their estates shall
reap shame and loss thereby; if thou payest nothing, they will count
thee a sucker, no branch. Fuller.

9. A hard drinker; a soaker. [Slang]

10. A greenhorn; one easily gulled. [Slang, U.S.]

11. A nickname applied to a native of Illinois. [U. S.] Carp sucker,
Cherry sucker, etc. See under Carp, Cherry, etc.
 -- Sucker fish. See Sucking fish, under Sucking.
 -- Sucker rod, a pump rod. See under Pump.
 -- Sucker tube (Zoöl.), one of the external ambulacral tubes of an
echinoderm, -- usually terminated by a sucker and used for
locomotion. Called also sucker foot. See Spatangoid.

SUCKER
Suck"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suckered; p. pr. & vb. n. Suckering.]

Defn: To strip off the suckers or shoots from; to deprive of suckers;
as, to sucker maize.

SUCKER
Suck"er, v. i.

Defn: To form suckers; as, corn suckers abundantly.

SUCKER STATE
Suck"er State.

Defn: Illinois; -- a nickname.

SUCKET
Suck"et, n. Etym: [Cf. Suck, v. t., Succades.]

Defn: A sweetmeat; a dainty morsel. Jer. Taylor.

SUCKFISH
Suck"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sucker fish.

SUCKING
Suck"ing, a.

Defn: Drawing milk from the mother or dam; hence, colloquially,
young, inexperienced, as, a sucking infant; a sucking calf.
I suppose you are a young barrister, sucking lawyer, or that sort of
thing. Thackeray.
Sucking bottle, a feeding bottle. See under Bottle.
 -- Sucking fish (Zoöl.), the remora. See Remora. Baird.
 -- Sucking pump, a suction pump. See under Suction.
 -- Sucking stomach (Zoöl.), the muscular first stomach of certain
insects and other invertebrates which suck liquid food.

SUCKLE
Suc"kle, n.

Defn: A teat. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

SUCKLE
Suc"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suckled; p. pr. & vb. n. Suckling.]
Etym: [Freq. of suck.]

Defn: To give suck to; to nurse at the breast. Addison.
The breasts of Hecuba When she did suckle Hector, looked not
lovelier. Shak.
They are not weak, suckled by Wisdom. Landor.

SUCKLE
Suc"kle, v. i.

Defn: To nurse; to suck. [R.]

SUCKLER
Suc"kler, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal that suckles its young; a mammal.

SUCKLING
Suck"ling, n. Etym: [OE. sokeling. See Suck, v. t.]

1. A young child or animal nursed at the breast.

2. A small kind of yellow clover (Trifolium filiforme) common in
Southern Europe.

SUCRATE
Su"crate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of sucrose (or of some related carbohydrate) with
some base, after the analogy of a salt; as, sodium sucrate.

SUCRE
Su"cre, n.

Defn: A silver coin of Ecuador, worth 68 cents.

SUCROSE
Su"crose`, n. Etym: [F. sucre sugar. See Sugar.] (Chem.)

Defn: A common variety of sugar found in the juices of many plants,
as the sugar cane, sorghum, sugar maple, beet root, etc. It is
extracted as a sweet, white crystalline substance which is valuable
as a food product, and, being antiputrescent, is largely used in the
preservation of fruit. Called also saccharose, cane sugar, etc. By
extension, any one of the class of isomeric substances (as lactose,
maltose, etc.) of which sucrose proper is the type.

Note: Sucrose proper is a dextrorotatory carbohydrate, C12H22O11. It
does not reduce Fehling's solution, and though not directly
fermentable, yet on standing with yeast it is changed by the diastase
present to invert sugar (dextrose and levulose), which then breaks
down to alcohol and carbon dioxide. It is also decomposed to invert
sugar by heating with acids, whence it is also called a disaccharate.
Sucrose possesses at once the properties of an alcohol and a ketone,
and also forms compounds (called sucrates) analogous to salts. Cf.
Sugar.

SUCTION
Suc"tion, n. Etym: [L. sugere, suctum, to suck; cf. OF. suction. See
Suck, v. t.]

Defn: The act or process of sucking; the act of drawing, as fluids,
by exhausting the air. Suction chamber, the chamber of a pump into
which the suction pipe delivers.
 -- Suction pipe, Suction valve, the induction pipe, and induction
valve, of a pump, respectively.
 -- Suction pump, the common pump, in which the water is raised into
the barrel by atmospheric pressure. See Illust. of Pump.

SUCTORIA
Suc*to"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Suction.] (Zoöl.)

1. An order of Infusoria having the body armed with somewhat stiff,
tubular processes which they use as suckers in obtaining their food.
They are usually stalked.

2. Same as Rhizocephala.

SUCTORIAL
Suc*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. sugere, suctum, to suck.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Adapted for sucking; living by sucking; as, the humming birds
are suctorial birds.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Capable of adhering by suction; as, the suctorial fishes.

SUCTORIAN
Suc*to"ri*an, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cartilaginous fish with a mouth adapted for suction, as the
lampery.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Suctoria.

SUCTORIOUS
Suc*to"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Suctorial. [R.]

SUDAMINA
Su*dam"i*na, n. pl, sing. Sudamen (. Etym: [NL. sudamen, -inis, fr.
sudare to sweat. See Sweat.] (Med.)

Defn: Minute vesicles surrounded by an area of reddened skin,
produced by excessive sweating.

SUDARIUM
Su*da"ri*um, n. Etym: [L., a handkerchief.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The handkerchief upon which the Savior is said to have
impressed his own portrait miraculously, when wiping his face with
it, as he passed to the crucifixion.

SUDARY
Su"da*ry, n. Etym: [L. sudarium, fr. sudare to sweat. See Sweat.]

Defn: A napkin or handkerchief. [Obs. or R.] Wyclif. R. Browning.

SUDATION
Su*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. sudatio, fr. sudare to sweat: cf. F.
sudation.]

Defn: A sweating. [Obs.]

SUDATORIUM
Su`da*to"ri*um, n.; pl. Sudatoria. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A sudatory. Dunglison.

SUDATORY
Su"da*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. sudatorius, fr. sudare to sweat: cf. F.
sudatoire. See Sweat.]

Defn: Sweating; perspiring.

SUDATORY
Su"da*to*ry, n.; pl. Sudatories. Etym: [L. sudatorium.]

Defn: A bagnio; a sweating bath; a vapor bath.
These sudatories are much in request for many infirmities. Evelyn.

SUDD
Sudd (sud), n. [Ar. sadd barrier.]

Defn: A tangled mass of floating vegetal matter obstructing
navigation. [Central Africa]

SUDDEN
Sud"den, a. Etym: [OE. sodian, sodein, OF. sodain, sudain, F.
soudain, L. subitaneus, fr. subitus sudden, that has come
unexpectedly, p.p. of subire to come on, to steal upon; sub under,
secretly + ire to go. See Issue, and cf. Subitaneous.]

1. Happening without previous notice or with very brief notice;
coming unexpectedly, or without the common preparation; immediate;
instant; speedy. "O sudden wo!" Chaucer. "For fear of sudden death."
Shak.
Sudden fear troubleth thee. Job xxii. 10.

2. Hastly prepared or employed; quick; rapid.
Never was such a sudden scholar made. Shak.
The apples of Asphaltis, appearing goodly to the sudden eye. Milton.

3. Hasty; violent; rash; precipitate. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- Unexpected; unusual; abrupt; unlooked-for.
 -- Sud"den*ly, adv.
 -- Sud"den*ness, n.

SUDDEN
Sud"den, adv.

Defn: Suddenly; unexpectedly. [R.]
Herbs of every leaf that sudden flowered. Milton.

SUDDEN
Sud"den, n.

Defn: An unexpected occurrence; a surprise. All of a sudden, On a
sudden, Of a sudden, sooner than was expected; without the usual
preparation; suddenly.
How art thou lost! how on a sudden lost! Milton.
He withdrew his opposition all of a sudden. Thackeray.

SUDDENTY
Sud"den*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. soudaineté.]

Defn: Suddenness; a sudden. [Scot.] On a suddenty, on a sudden.
[Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

SUDORAL
Su"dor*al, a. Etym: [L. sudor.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to sweat; as, sudoral eruptions.

SUDORIFEROUS
Su`dor*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. sudor sweat + -ferous.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Producing, or secreting, sweat; sudoriparous. Sudoriferous
glands (Anat.), small convoluted tubular glands which are situated in
the subcutaneous tissues and discharge by minute orifices in the
surface of the skin; the sweat glands.

SUDORIFIC
Su`dor*if"ic, a. Etym: [L. sudor sweat (akin to E. sweat) + facere to
make.]

Defn: Causing sweat; as, sudorific herbs.
 -- n.

Defn: A sudorific medicine. Cf. Diaphoretic.

SUDORIPAROUS
Su`dor*ip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. sudor sweat + parere to produce.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Sudoriferous.

SUDOROUS
Su"dor*ous, a. Etym: [L. sudorus, fr. sudor sweat.]

Defn: Consisting of sweat. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SUDRA
Su"dra, n. Etym: [Skr. ç.]

Defn: The lowest of the four great castes among the Hindoos. See
Caste. [Written also Soorah, Soodra, and Sooder.]

SUDS
Suds, n. pl. Etym: [Akin to sodden, seethe. See Seethe.]

Defn: Water impregnated with soap, esp. when worked up into bubbles
and froth. In the suds, in turmoil or difficulty. [Colloq.] Beau. &
Fl.

SUE
Sue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sued; p. pr. & vb. n. Suing.] Etym: [OE.
suen, sewen, siwen, OF. sivre (pres.ind. 3d sing. il siut, suit, he
follows, nous sevons we follow), LL. sequere, for L. sequi, secutus;
akin to Gr. sac to accompany, and probably to E. see, v.t. See See,
v. t., and cf. Consequence, Ensue, Execute, Obsequious, Pursue,
Second, Sect in religion, Sequence, Suit.]

1. To follow up; to chase; to seek after; to endeavor to win; to woo.
For yet there was no man that haddle him sued. Chaucer.
I was beloved of many a gentle knight, And sued and sought with all
the service due. Spenser.
Sue me, and woo me, and flatter me. Tennyson.

2. (Law)
(a) To seek justice or right from, by legal process; to institute
process in law against; to bring an action against; to prosecute
judicially.
(b) To proceed with, as an action, and follow it up to its proper
termination; to gain by legal process.

3. (Falconry)

Defn: To clean, as the beak; -- said of a hawk.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: To leave high and dry on shore; as, to sue a ship. R. H. Dana,
Jr. To sue out (Law), to petition for and take out, or to apply for
and obtain; as, to sue out a writ in chancery; to sue out a pardon
for a criminal.

SUE
Sue, v. i.

1. To seek by request; to make application; to petition; to entreat;
to plead.
By adverse destiny constrained to sue For counsel and redress, he
sues to you. Pope.
Cæsar came to Rome to sue for the double honor of a triumph and the
consulship. C. Middleton.
The Indians were defeated and sued for peace. Jefferson.

2. (Law)

Defn: To prosecute; to make legal claim; to seek (for something) in
law; as, to sue for damages.

3. To woo; to pay addresses as a lover. Massinger.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: To be left high and dry on the shore, as a ship. R. H. Dana,
Jr.

SUEDE
Suède (swayd or swâd), n. [F., Sweden.]

Defn: Swedish glove leather, --usually made from lambskins tanned
with willow bark. Also used adjectively; as, suède gloves.

SUENT
Su"ent, a.

Defn: Uniformly or evenly distributed or spread; even; smooth. See
Suant. Thoreau.

SUENTLY
Su"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: Evenly; smoothly.

SUER
Su"er, n.

Defn: One who sues; a suitor.

SUET
Su"et, n. Etym: [OE. suet, dim. fr. OF. seu, suif, F. suif, L. sebum.
Cf. Soap, Sebaceous.]

Defn: The fat and fatty tissues of an animal, especially the harder
fat about the kidneys and loins in beef and mutton, which, when
melted and freed from the membranes, forms tallow.

SUETY
Su"et*y, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or resembling, suet; as, a suety substance.

SUF-
Suf-.

Defn: A form of the prefix Sub-.

SUFFER
Suf"fer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffered; p. pr. & vb. n. Suffering.]
Etym: [OE. suffren, soffren, OF. sufrir, sofrir, F. souffrir,
(assumed) LL. sofferire, for L. sufferre; sub under + ferre to bear,
akin to E. bear. See Bear to support.]

1. To feel, or endure, with pain, annoyance, etc.; to submit to with
distress or grief; to undergo; as, to suffer pain of body, or grief
of mind.

2. To endure or undergo without sinking; to support; to sustain; to
bear up under.
Our spirit and strength entire, Strongly to suffer and support our
pains. Milton.

3. To undergo; to be affected by; to sustain; to experience; as, most
substances suffer a change when long exposed to air and moisture; to
suffer loss or damage.
If your more ponderous and settled project May suffer alteration.
Shak.

4. To allow; to permit; not to forbid or hinder; to tolerate.
Thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbour, and not suffer sin upon
him. Lev. xix. 17.
I suffer them to enter and possess. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To permit; bear; endure; support; sustain; allow; admit;
tolerate. See Permit.

SUFFER
Suf"fer, v. i.

1. To feel or undergo pain of body or mind; to bear what is
inconvenient; as, we suffer from pain, sickness, or sorrow; we suffer
with anxiety.
O well for him whose will is strong! He suffers, but he will not
suffer long. Tennyson.

2. To undergo punishment; specifically, to undergo the penalty of
death.
The father was first condemned to suffer upon a day appointed, and
the son afterwards the day following. Clarendon.

3. To be injured; to sustain loss or damage.
Public business suffers by private infirmities. Sir W. Temple.

SUFFERABLE
Suf"fer*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. souffrable.]

1. Able to suffer or endure; patient. [Obs.] "Ye must be sufferable."
Chaucer.

2. That may be suffered, tolerated, or permitted; allowable;
tolerable.
 -- Suf"fer*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Suf"fer*a*bly, adv.

SUFFERANCE
Suf"fer*ance, n. Etym: [OE. suffrance, OF. sufrance, soufrance, F.
souffrance, L. sufferentia, from sufferens, -entis, p.pr. of
sufferre. See Suffer.]

1. The state of suffering; the bearing of pain; endurance.
He must not only die the death, But thy unkindness shall his death
draw out To lingering sufferance. Shak.

2. Pain endured; misery; suffering; distress.
The seeming sufferances that you had borne. Shak.

3. Loss; damage; injury. [Obs.]
A grievous . . . sufferance on most part of their fleet. Shak.

4. Submission under difficult or oppressive circumstances; patience;
moderation. Chaucer.
But hasty heat tempering with sufferance wise. Spenser.

5. Negative consent by not forbidding or hindering; toleration;
permission; allowance; leave. Shak.
In their beginning they are weak and wan, But soon, through
sufferance, grow to fearful end. Spenser.
Somewhiles by sufferance, and somewhiles by special leave and favor,
they erected to themselves oratories. Hooker.

6. A permission granted by the customs authorities for the shipment
of goods. [Eng.] Estate of sufferance (Law), the holding by a tenant
who came in by a lawful title, but remains, after his right has
expired, without positive leave of the owner. Blackstone.
 -- On sufferance, by mere toleration; as, to remain in a house on
sufferance.

Syn.
 -- Endurance; pain; misery; inconvenience; patience; moderation;
toleration; permission.

SUFFERER
Suf"fer*er, n.

1. One who suffers; one who endures or undergoes suffering; one who
sustains inconvenience or loss; as, sufferers by poverty or sickness;
men are sufferers by fire or by losses at sea.

2. One who permits or allows.

SUFFERING
Suf"fer*ing, n.

Defn: The bearing of pain, inconvenience, or loss; pain endured;
distress, loss, or injury incurred; as, sufferings by pain or sorrow;
sufferings by want or by wrongs. "Souls in sufferings tried." Keble.

SUFFERING
Suf"fer*ing, a.

Defn: Being in pain or grief; having loss, injury, distress, etc.
 -- Suf"fer*ing*ly, adv.

SUFFICE
Suf*fice", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sufficed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sufficing.]
Etym: [OE. suffisen, OF. soufire, F. suffire (cf. suffisant, p.pr.),
L. sufficere to put under, to substitute, to avail for, to suffice;
sub under + facere to make. See Fact.]

Defn: To be enough, or sufficient; to meet the need (of anything); to
be equal to the end proposed; to be adequate. Chaucer.
To recount almighty works, What words or tongue of seraph can suffice
Milton.

SUFFICE
Suf*fice", v. t.

1. To satisfy; to content; to be equal to the wants or demands of.
Spenser.
Let it suffice thee; speak no more unto me of this matter. Deut. iii.
26.

2. To furnish; to supply adequately. [Obs.]
The power appeased, with winds sufficed the sail. Dryden.

SUFFICIENCE
Suf*fi"cience, n.

Defn: Sufficiently. [Obs.]

SUFFICIENCY
Suf*fi"cien*cy, n. Etym: [L. sufficientia: cf. F. suffisance. See
Suffice.]

1. The quality or state of being sufficient, or adequate to the end
proposed; adequacy.
His sufficiency is such that he bestows and possesses, his plenty
being unexhausted. Boyle.

2. Qualification for any purpose; ability; capacity.
A substitute or most allowed sufficiency. Shak.
I am not so confident of my own sufficiency as not willingly to admit
the counsel of others. Eikon Basilike.

3. Adequate substance or means; competence. "An elegant sufficiency."
Thomson.

4. Supply equal to wants; ample stock or fund.

5. Conceit; self-confidence; self-sufficiency.
Sufficiency is a compound of vanity and ignorance. Sir W. Temple.

SUFFICIENT
Suf*fi"cient, a. Etym: [L. sufficiens, -entis, p.pr. of sufficere:
cf. F. suffisant. See Suffice.]

1. Equal to the end proposed; adequate to wants; enough; ample;
competent; as, provision sufficient for the family; an army
sufficient to defend the country.
My grace is sufficient for thee. 2 Cor. xii. 9.

2. Possessing adequate talents or accomplishments; of competent power
or ability; qualified; fit.
Who is sufficient for these things 2 Cor. ii. 16.

3. Capable of meeting obligations; responsible.
The man is, notwithstanding, sufficient . . . I think I may take his
bond. Shak.

4. Self-sufficient; self-satisfied; content. [R.]
Thou art the most sufficient (I'll say for thee), Not to believe a
thing. Beau. & Fl.

Syn.
 -- Enough; adequate; competent; full; satisfactory; ample.

SUFFICIENTLY
Suf*fi"cient*ly, adv.

Defn: To a sufficient degree; to a degree that answers the purpose,
or gives content; enough; as, we are sufficiently supplied with food;
a man sufficiently qualified for the discharge of his official
duties.

SUFFICING
Suf*fi"cing, a.

Defn: Affording enough; satisfying.
 -- Suf*fi"cing*ly, adv.
 -- Suf*fi"cing*ness, n.

SUFFISANCE
Suf*fi"sance, n. Etym: [F. See Sufficiency.]

Defn: Sufficiency; plenty; abundance; contentment. [Obs.]
He could in little thing have suffisaunce. Chaucer.

SUFFISANT
Suf*fi"sant, a.

Defn: Sufficient. [Obs.]

SUFFIX
Suf"fix, n. Etym: [L. suffixus, p.p. of suffigere to fasten on, to
affix; sub under + figere to fix: cf. F. suffixe. See Fix.]

1. A letter, letters, syllable, or syllables added or appended to the
end of a word or a root to modify the meaning; a postfix.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A subscript mark, number, or letter. See Subscript, a.

SUFFIX
Suf*fix", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffixed; p. pr. & vb. n. Suffixing.]

Defn: To add or annex to the end, as a letter or syllable to a word;
to append.

SUFFIXION
Suf*fix"ion, n.

Defn: The act of suffixing, or the state of being suffixed.

SUFFIXMENT
Suf*fix"ment, n.

Defn: Suffixion. [R.] Earle.

SUFFLAMINATE
Suf*flam"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. sufflaminatus, p.p. of sufflaminare
to hold back by a clog, from sufflamen a clog.]

1. To retard the motion of, as a carriage, by preventing one or more
of its wheels from revolving, either by means of a chain or
otherwise. [Obs.]

2. Hence, to stop; to impede. [Obs.] Barrow.

SUFFLATE
Suf*flate", v. t. Etym: [L. sufflatus, p.p. of sufflare to blow up,
inflate; sub under + flare to blow.]

Defn: To blow up; to inflate; to inspire. [R.] T. Ward.

SUFFLATION
Suf*fla"tion, n. Etym: [L. sufflatio.]

Defn: The act of blowing up or inflating. [R.] Coles.

SUFFOCATE
Suf"fo*cate, a. Etym: [L. suffocatus, p.p. of suffocare to choke; sub
under + fauces the throat. Cf. Faucal.]

Defn: Suffocated; choked. Shak.

SUFFOCATE
Suf"fo*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffocated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Suffocating.]

1. To choke or kill by stopping respiration; to stifle; to smother.
Let not hemp his windpipe suffocate. Shak.

2. To destroy; to extinguish; as, to suffocate fire.

SUFFOCATE
Suf"fo*cate, v. i.

Defn: To become choked, stifled, or smothered. "A swelling discontent
is apt to suffocate and strangle without passage." collier.

SUFFOCATING
Suf"fo*ca`ting, a. & n.

Defn: from Suffocate, v.
 -- Suf"fo*ca`ting*ly, adv.

SUFFOCATION
Suf`fo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. suffocatio: cf. F. suffocation.]

Defn: The act of suffocating, or the state of being suffocated; death
caused by smothering or choking.

Note: The term suffocation is sometimes employed synonymously with
asphyxia. In the strict medico-legal sense it signifies asphyxia
induced by obstruction of the respiration otherwise than by direct
pressure on the neck (hanging, strangulation) or submersion
(drowning). Quain.

SUFFOCATIVE
Suf"fo*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Tending or able to choke or stifle. "Suffocative catarrhs."
Arbuthnot.

SUFFOSSION
Suf*fos"sion, n. Etym: [L. suffossio, from suffodere, suffossum, to
dig under; sub under + fodere to dig.]

Defn: A digging under; an undermining. [R.] Bp. Hall.

SUFFRAGAN
Suf"fra*gan, a. Etym: [F. suffragant, L. suffragans, p.pr. of
suffragari to support with one's vote, to be favorable. See
Suffrage.]

Defn: Assisting; assistant; as, a suffragan bishop.

SUFFRAGAN
Suf"fra*gan, n. Etym: [F. suffragant: cf. LL. suffraganeus. See
Suffragan, a.]

1. An assistant.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A bishop considered as an assistant, or as subject, to his
metropolitan; an assistant bishop.

SUFFRAGANSHIP
Suf"fra*gan*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a suffragan.

SUFFRAGANT
Suf"fra*gant, a. & n.

Defn: Suffragan. [Obs.]

SUFFRAGATE
Suf"fra*gate, v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Suffragated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Suffragating.] Etym: [L. suffragatus, p.p. of suffragari. See
Suffragan, a.]

Defn: To vote or vote with. [Obs.] "Suffragating tribes." Dryden.

SUFFRAGATOR
Suf"fra*ga`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who assists or favors by his vote. [Obs.]

SUFFRAGE
Suf"frage, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. suffragium; perhaps originally, a
broken piece, a potsherd, used in voting, and fr. sub under + the
root of frangere to break. See Break.]

1. A vote given in deciding a controverted question, or in the choice
of a man for an office or trust; the formal expression of an opinion;
assent; vote.
I ask your voices and your suffrages. Shak.

2. Testimony; attestation; witness; approval.
Lactantius and St. Austin confirm by their suffrage the observation
made by heathen writers. Atterbury.
Every miracle is the suffrage of Heaven to the truth of a doctrine.
South.

3. (Eccl.)
(a) A short petition, as those after the creed in matins and
evensong.
(b) A prayer in general, as one offered for the faithful departed.
Shipley.
I firmly believe that there is a purgatory, and that the souls
therein detained are helped by the suffrages of the faithful. Creed
of Pope Pius IV.

4. Aid; assistance. [A Latinism] [Obs.]

Defn: The right to vote; franchise.

SUFFRAGE
Suf"frage, v. t.

Defn: To vote for; to elect. [Obs.] Milton.

SUFFRAGETTE
Suf*fra*gette, n.

Defn: A woman who advocates the right to vote for women; a woman
suffragist.

SUFFRAGINOUS
Suf*frag"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. suffraginosus diseased in the hock, fr.
suffrago the pastern, or hock.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the hock of a beast. [Obs.]

SUFFRAGIST
Suf"fra*gist, n.

1. One who possesses or exercises the political right of suffrage; a
voter.

2. One who has certain opinions or desires about the political right
of suffrage; as, a woman suffragist.
It is curious that . . . Louisa Castelefort should be obliged after
her marriage immediately to open her doors and turn ultra liberal, or
an universal suffragist. Miss Edgeworth.

SUFFRAGO
Suf*fra"go, n. Etym: [L., the hock, from sub under + frangere to
break.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The heel joint.

SUFFRANCE
Suf"france, n.

Defn: Sufferance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SUFFRUTESCENT
Suf`fru*tes"cent, a. Etym: [Pref. suf- + frutescent.] (Bot.)

Defn: Slightly woody at the base.

SUFFRUTICOSE
Suf*fru"ti*cose`, a. Etym: [Pref. suf- + fruticose.] (Bot.)

Defn: Woody in the lower part of the stem, but with the yearly
branches herbaceous, as sage, thyme, hyssop, and the like.

SUFFRUTICOUS
Suf*fru"ti*cous, a.

Defn: Suffruticose.

SUFFUMIGATE
Suf*fu"mi*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffumigated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Suffumigating.] Etym: [L. suffumigatus, p.p. of suffumigare to
fumigate from below. See Sub-, and Fumigate.]

Defn: To apply fumes or smoke to the parts of, as to the body in
medicine; to fumigate in part.

SUFFUMIGATION
Suf*fu`mi*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. suffumigatio: cf. F. suffumigation.]

Defn: The operation of suffumigating.

SUFFUMIGE
Suf*fu"mige, n. Etym: [LL. suffumigium.]

Defn: A medical fume. [Obs.] Harvey.

SUFFUSE
Suf*fuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffused; p. pr. & vb. n. Suffusing.]
Etym: [L. suffusus, p.p. of suffundere to overspread; sub under +
fundere to pour. See Fuse to melt.]

Defn: To overspread, as with a fluid or tincture; to fill or cover,
as with something fluid; as, eyes suffused with tears; cheeks
suffused with blushes.
When purple light shall next suffuse the skies. Pope.

SUFFUSION
Suf*fu"sion, n. Etym: [L. suffusio: cf. F. suffusion.]

1. The act or process of suffusing, or state of being suffused; an
overspreading.
To those that have the jaundice, or like suffusion of eyes, objects
appear of that color. Ray.

2. That with which a thing is suffused.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A blending of one color into another; the spreading of one
color over another, as on the feathers of birds.

SUFI
Su"fi, n. Etym: [From the name of a dynasty of Persian kings, Safi,
Safavi; said to come from name Safi-ud-din of an ancestor of the
family, confused with s pious.]

Defn: A title or surname of the king of Persia.

SUFI
Su"fi, n. Etym: [Ar. & Per. s, wise, pious, devout.]

Defn: One of a certain order of religious men in Persia. [Written
also sofi.]

SUFISM
Su"fism, n.

Defn: A refined mysticism among certain classes of Mohammedans,
particularly in Persia, who hold to a kind of pantheism and practice
extreme asceticism in their lives. [Written also sofism.]

SUG
Sug, n.

Defn: A kind of worm or larva. Walton.

SUGAR
Sug"ar, n. Etym: [OE. sugre, F. sucre (cf. It. zucchero, Sp. azúcar),
fr. Ar. sukkar, assukkar, fr. Skr. çarkara sugar, gravel; cf. Per.
shakar. Cf. Saccharine, Sucrose.]

1. A sweet white (or brownish yellow) crystalline substance, of a
sandy or granular consistency, obtained by crystallizing the
evaporated juice of certain plants, as the sugar cane, sorghum, beet
root, sugar maple, etc. It is used for seasoning and preserving many
kinds of food and drink. Ordinary sugar is essentially sucrose. See
the Note below.

Note: The term sugar includes several commercial grades, as the white
or refined, granulated, loaf or lump, and the raw brown or muscovado.
In a more general sense, it includes several distinct chemical
compounds, as the glucoses, or grape sugars (including glucose
proper, dextrose, and levulose), and the sucroses, or true sugars (as
cane sugar). All sugars are carbohydrates. See Carbohydrate. The
glucoses, or grape sugars, are ketone alcohols of the formula
C6H12O6, and they turn the plane of polarization to the right or the
left. They are produced from the amyloses and sucroses, as by the
action of heat and acids of ferments, and are themselves decomposed
by fermentation into alcohol and carbon dioxide. The only sugar
(called acrose) as yet produced artificially belongs to this class.
The sucroses, or cane sugars, are doubled glucose anhydrides of the
formula C12H22O11. They are usually not fermentable as such (cf.
Sucrose), and they act on polarized light.

2. By extension, anything resembling sugar in taste or appearance;
as, sugar of lead (lead acetate), a poisonous white crystalline
substance having a sweet taste.

3. Compliment or flattery used to disguise or render acceptable
something obnoxious; honeyed or soothing words. [Colloq.] Acorn
sugar. See Quercite.
 -- Cane sugar, sugar made from the sugar cane; sucrose, or an
isomeric sugar. See Sucrose.
 -- Diabetes, or Diabetic, sugar (Med. Chem.), a variety of sugar
(probably grape sugar or dextrose) excreted in the urine in diabetes
mellitus.
 -- Fruit sugar. See under Fruit, and Fructose.
 -- Grape sugar, a sirupy or white crystalline sugar (dextrose or
glucose) found as a characteristic ingredient of ripe grapes, and
also produced from many other sources. See Dextrose, and Glucose.
 -- Invert sugar. See under Invert.
 -- Malt sugar, a variety of sugar isomeric with sucrose, found in
malt. See Maltose.
 -- Manna sugar, a substance found in manna, resembling, but distinct
from, the sugars. See Mannite.
 -- Milk sugar, a variety of sugar characteristic of fresh milk, and
isomeric with sucrose. See Lactose.
 -- Muscle sugar, a sweet white crystalline substance isomeric with,
and formerly regarded to, the glucoses. It is found in the tissue of
muscle, the heart, liver, etc. Called also heart sugar. See Inosite.
 -- Pine sugar. See Pinite.
 -- Starch sugar (Com. Chem.), a variety of dextrose made by the
action of heat and acids on starch from corn, potatoes, etc.; --
called also potato sugar, corn sugar, and, inaccurately, invert
sugar. See Dextrose, and Glucose.
 -- Sugar barek, one who refines sugar.
 -- Sugar beet (Bot.), a variety of beet (Beta vulgaris) with very
large white roots, extensively grown, esp. in Europe, for the sugar
obtained from them.
 -- Sugar berry (Bot.), the hackberry.
 -- Sugar bird (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small South
American singing birds of the genera Coereba, Dacnis, and allied
genera belonging to the family Coerebidæ. They are allied to the
honey eaters.
 -- Sugar bush. See Sugar orchard.
 -- Sugar camp, a place in or near a sugar orchard, where maple sugar
is made.
 -- Sugar candian, sugar candy. [Obs.] -- Sugar candy, sugar
clarified and concreted or crystallized; candy made from sugar.
 -- Sugar cane (Bot.), a tall perennial grass (Saccharum
officinarium), with thick short-jointed stems. It has been cultivated
for ages as the principal source of sugar.
 -- Sugar loaf. (a) A loaf or mass of refined sugar, usually in the
form of a truncated cone. (b) A hat shaped like a sugar loaf.
Why, do not or know you, grannam, and that sugar loaf J. Webster.
-- Sugar maple (Bot.), the rock maple (Acer saccharinum). See Maple.
 -- Sugar mill, a machine for pressing out the juice of the sugar
cane, usually consisting of three or more rollers, between which the
cane is passed.
 -- Sugar mite. (Zoöl.) (a) A small mite (Tyroglyphus sacchari),
often found in great numbers in unrefined sugar. (b) The lepisma.
 -- Sugar of lead. See Sugar, 2, above.
 -- Sugar of milk. See under Milk.
 -- Sugar orchard, a collection of maple trees selected and preserved
for purpose of obtaining sugar from them; -- called also, sometimes,
sugar bush. [U.S.] Bartlett.
 -- Sugar pine (Bot.), an immense coniferous tree (Pinus Lambertiana)
of California and Oregon, furnishing a soft and easily worked timber.
The resinous exudation from the stumps, etc., has a sweetish taste,
and has been used as a substitute for sugar.
 -- Sugar squirrel (Zoöl.), an Australian flying phalanger (Belideus
sciureus), having a long bushy tail and a large parachute. It
resembles a flying squirrel. See Illust. under Phlanger.
 -- Sugar tongs, small tongs, as of silver, used at table for taking
lumps of sugar from a sugar bowl.
 -- Sugar tree. (Bot.) See Sugar maple, above.

SUGAR
Sug"ar, v. i.

Defn: In making maple sugar, to complete the process of boiling down
the sirup till it is thick enough to crystallize; to approach or
reach the state of granulation; -- with the preposition off. [Local,
U.S.]

SUGAR
Sug"ar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sugared; p. pr. & vb. n. Sugaring.]

1. To impregnate, season, cover, or sprinkle with sugar; to mix sugar
with. "When I sugar my liquor." G. Eliot.

2. To cover with soft words; to disguise by flattery; to compliment;
to sweeten; as, to sugar reproof.
With devotion's visage And pious action we do sugar o'er The devil
himself. Shak.

SUGARED
Sug"ared, a.

Defn: Sweetened. "The sugared liquor." Spenser.

Defn: Also used figuratively; as, sugared kisses.

SUGAR-HOUSE
Sug"ar-house`, n.

Defn: A building in which sugar is made or refined; a sugar
manufactory.

SUGARINESS
Sug"ar*i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sugary, or sweet.

SUGARING
Sug"ar*ing, n.

1. The act of covering or sweetening with sugar; also, the sugar thus
used.

2. The act or process of making sugar.

SUGARLESS
Sug"ar*less, a.

Defn: Without sugar; free from sugar.

SUGARPLUM
Sug"ar*plum`, n.

Defn: A kind of candy or sweetneat made up in small balls or disks.

SUGARY
Sug"ar*y, a.

1. Resembling or containing sugar; tasting of sugar; sweet. Spenser.

2. Fond of sugar or sweet things; as, a sugary palate.

SUGESCENT
Su*ges"cent, a. Etym: [L. sugere to suck.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to sucking. [R.] Paley.

SUGGEST
Sug*gest", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suggested; p. pr. & vb. n.
Suggesting.] Etym: [L. suggestus, p.p. of suggerere to put under,
furnish, suggest; sub under + gerere to carry, to bring. See Jest.]

1. To introduce indirectly to the thoughts; to cause to be thought
of, usually by the agency of other objects.
Some ideas . . . are suggested to the mind by all the ways of
sensation and reflection. Locke.

2. To propose with difference or modesty; to hint; to intimate; as,
to suggest a difficulty.

3. To seduce; to prompt to evil; to tempt. [Obs.]
Knowing that tender youth is soon suggested. Shak.

4. To inform secretly. [Obs.]

Syn.
 -- To hint; allude to; refer to; insinuate.

SUGGEST
Sug*gest", v. i.

Defn: To make suggestions; to tempt. [Obs.]
And ever weaker grows through acted crime, Or seeming-genial, venial
fault, Recurring and suggesting still. Tennyson.

SUGGESTER
Sug*gest"er, n.

Defn: One who suggests. Beau. & Fl.

SUGGESTION
Sug*ges"tion, n. Etym: [F. suggestion, L. suggestio.]

1. The act of suggesting; presentation of an idea.

2. That which is suggested; an intimation; an insinuation; a hint; a
different proposal or mention; also, formerly, a secret incitement;
temptation.
Why do I yield to that suggestion Shak.

3. Charge; complaint; accusation. [Obs.] "A false suggestion."
Chaucer.

4. (Law)

Defn: Information without oath; an entry of a material fact or
circumstance on the record for the information of the court, at the
death or insolvency of a party.

5. (Physiol. & Metaph.)

Defn: The act or power of originating or recalling ideas or
relations, distinguished as original and relative; -- a term much
used by Scottish metaphysicians from Hutcherson to Thomas Brown.

Syn.
 -- Hint; allusion; intimation; insinuation.
 -- Suggestion, Hint. A hint is the briefest or most indirect mode of
calling one's attention to a subject. A suggestion is a putting of
something before the mind for consideration, an indirect or guarded
mode of presenting argument or advice. A hint is usually something
slight or covert, and may by merely negative in its character. A
suggestion is ordinarily intended to furnish us with some practical
assistance or direction. "He gave me a hint of my danger, and added
some suggestions as to the means of avoiding it."
Willing to wound, and yet afraid to strike, Just hint a fault, and
hesitate dislike. Pope.
Arthur, whom they say is killed to-night On your suggestion. Shak.

SUGGESTIVE
Sug*gest"ive, a.

Defn: Containing a suggestion, hint, or intimation.
 -- Sug*gest"ive*ly, adv.
 -- Sug*gest"ive*ness, n.

SUGGESTIVE MEDICINE
Sug*gest"ive med"i*cine.

Defn: Treatment by commands or positive statements addressed to a
more or less hypnotized patient.

SUGGESTMENT
Sug*gest"ment, n.

Defn: Suggestion. [R.]
They fancy that every thought must needs have an immediate outward
suggestment. Hare.

SUGGESTRESS
Sug*gest"ress, n.

Defn: A woman who suggests. "The suggestress of suicides." De
Quincey.

SUGGIL
Sug"gil, v. t. Etym: [L. suggillare, sugillare, suggillatum,
sugillatum, literally, to beat black and blue.]

Defn: To defame. [Obs.] Abp. Parker.

SUGGILLATE
Sug"gil*late, v. t. Etym: [See Suggil.]

Defn: To beat livid, or black and blue. Wiseman.

SUGGILLATION
Sug`gil*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. suggillatio: cf. F. suggillation.]

Defn: A livid, or black and blue, mark; a blow; a bruise.

SUICIDAL
Su"i*ci`dal, a.

Defn: Partaking of, or of the nature of, the crime or suicide.
 -- Su"i*ci`dal*ly, adv.

SUICIDE
Su"i*cide, n. Etym: [L. sui of one's self (akin to suus one's own) +
caedere to slay, to kill. Cf. So, adv., Homicide.]

1. The act of taking one's own life voluntary and intentionally;
self-murder; specifically (Law), the felonious killing of one's self;
the deliberate and intentional destruction of one's own life by a
person of years of discretion and of sound mind.

2. One guilty of self-murder; a felo-de-se.

3. Ruin of one's own interests. "Intestine war, which may be justly
called political suicide." V. Knox.

SUICIDICAL
Su`i*cid"i*cal, a.

Defn: Suicidal. [Obs.]

SUICIDISM
Su"i*ci*dism, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being suicidal, or self-murdering. [R.]

SUICISM
Su"i*cism, n. Etym: [L. suus one's own.]

Defn: Selfishness; egoism. [R.] Whitlock.

SUI GENERIS
Su"i gen"e*ris. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Of his or its own kind.

SUILLAGE
Su"il*lage, n. Etym: [OF. souillage, soillage, fr. souiller, soiller.
See Soil to stain, and cf. Sullage.]

Defn: A drain or collection of filth. [Obs.] [Written also sulliage,
and sullage.] Sir H. Wotton.

SUILLINE
Su"il*line, a. Etym: [L. sus hog.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a hog or the Hog family (Suidæ).

SUINE
Su"ine, n. Etym: [Cf. Suint.]

Defn: A mixture of oleomargarine with lard or other fatty
ingredients. It is used as a substitute for butter. See Butterine.

SUING
Su"ing, n. Etym: [Cf. F. suer to sweat, L. sudare.]

Defn: The process of soaking through anything. [Obs.] Bacon.

SUINGLY
Su"ing*ly, adv. Etym: [See Sue to follow.]

Defn: In succession; afterwards. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

SUINT
Su"int, n. Etym: [F.] (Chem.)

Defn: A peculiar substance obtained from the wool of sheep,
consisting largely of potash mixed with fatty and earthy matters. It
is used as a source of potash and also for the manufacture of gas.

SUIOGOTHS
Su`i*o*goths", n. pl. Etym: [L. Suiones (a Teutonic tribe in what is
now Sweeden) + E. Goth.]

Defn: The Scandinavian Goths. See the Note under Goths.

SUIST
Su"ist, n. Etym: [L. suus belinging to himself or to one's self.]

Defn: One who seeks for things which gratify merely himself; a
selfish person; a selfist. [R.] Whitlock.

SUIT
Suit, n. Etym: [OE. suite, F. suite, OF. suite, sieute, fr. suivre to
follow, OF. sivre; perhaps influenced by L. secta. See Sue to follow,
and cf. Sect, Suite.]

1. The act of following or pursuing, as game; pursuit. [Obs.]

2. The act of suing; the process by which one endeavors to gain an
end or an object; an attempt to attain a certain result; pursuit;
endeavor.
Thenceforth the suit of earthly conquest shone. Spenser.

3. The act of wooing in love; the solicitation of a woman in
marriage; courtship.
Rebate your loves, each rival suit suspend, Till this funereal web my
labors end. Pope.

4. (Law)

Defn: The attempt to gain an end by legal process; an action or
process for the recovery of a right or claim; legal application to a
court for justice; prosecution of right before any tribunal; as, a
civil suit; a criminal suit; a suit in chancery.
I arrest thee at the suit of Count Orsino. Shak.
In England the several suits, or remedial instruments of justice, are
distinguished into three kinds -- actions personal, real, and mixed.
Blackstone.

5. That which follows as a retinue; a company of attendants or
followers; the assembly of persons who attend upon a prince,
magistrate, or other person of distinction; -- often written suite,
and pronounced swet.

6. Things that follow in a series or succession; the individual
objects, collectively considered, which constitute a series, as of
rooms, buildings, compositions, etc.; -- often written suite, and
pronounced swet.

7. A number of things used together, and generally necessary to be
united in order to answer their purpose; a number of things
ordinarily classed or used together; a set; as, a suit of curtains; a
suit of armor; a suit of clothes. "Two rogues in buckram suits."
Shak.

8. (Playing Cards)

Defn: One of the four sets of cards which constitute a pack; -- each
set consisting of thirteen cards bearing a particular emblem, as
hearts, spades, cubs, or diamonds.
To deal and shuffle, to divide and sort Her mingled suits and
sequences. Cowper.

9. Regular order; succession. [Obs.]
Every five and thirty years the same kind and suit of weather comes
again. Bacon.
Out of suits, having no correspondence. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- Suit and service (Feudal Law), the duty of feudatories to attend
the courts of their lords or superiors in time of peace, and in war
to follow them and do military service; -- called also suit service.
Blackstone.
 -- Suit broker, one who made a trade of obtaining the suits of
petitioners at court. [Obs.] -- Suit court (O. Eng. Law), the court
in which tenants owe attendance to their lord.
 -- Suit covenant (O. Eng. Law), a covenant to sue at a certain
court.
 -- Suit custom (Law), a service which is owed from time immemorial.
 -- Suit service. (Feudal Law) See Suit and service, above.
 -- To bring suit. (Law) (a) To bring secta, followers or witnesses,
to prove the plaintiff's demand. [Obs.] (b) In modern usage, to
institute an action.
 -- To follow suit. (Card Playing) See under Follow, v. t.

SUIT
Suit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suited; p. pr. & vb. n. Suiting.]

1. To fit; to adapt; to make proper or suitable; as, to suit the
action to the word. Shak.

2. To be fitted to; to accord with; to become; to befit.
Ill suits his cloth the praise of railing well. Dryden.
Raise her notes to that sublime degree Which suits song of piety and
thee. Prior.

3. To dress; to clothe. [Obs.]
So went he suited to his watery tomb. Shak.

4. To please; to make content; as, he is well suited with his place;
to suit one's taste.

SUIT
Suit, v. i.

Defn: To agree; to accord; to be fitted; to correspond; -- usually
followed by with or to.
The place itself was suiting to his care. Dryden.
Give me not an office That suits with me so ill. Addison.

Syn.
 -- To agree; accord; comport; tally; correspond; match; answer.

SUITABILITY
Suit`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being suitable; suitableness.

SUITABLE
Suit"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of suiting; fitting; accordant; proper; becoming;
agreeable; adapted; as, ornaments suitable to one's station; language
suitable for the subject.
 -- Suit"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Suit"a*bly, adv.

Syn.
 -- Proper; fitting; becoming; accordant; agreeable; competent;
correspondent; compatible; consonant; congruous; consistent.

SUITE
Suite, n. Etym: [F. See Suit, n.]

1. A retinue or company of attendants, as of a distinguished
personage; as, the suite of an ambassador. See Suit, n., 5.

2. A connected series or succession of objects; a number of things
used or clessed together; a set; as, a suite of rooms; a suite of
minerals. See Suit, n., 6.
Mr. Barnard took one of the candles that stood upon the king's table,
and lighted his majesty through a suite of rooms till they came to a
private door into the library. Boswell.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: One of the old musical forms, before the time of the more
compact sonata, consisting of a string or series of pieces all in the
same key, mostly in various dance rhythms, with sometimes an
elaborate prelude. Some composers of the present day affect the suite
form.

SUITING
Suit"ing, n.

Defn: Among tailors, cloth suitable for making entire suits of
clothes.

SUITOR
Suit"or, n.

1. One who sues, petitions, or entreats; a petitioner; an applicant.
She hath been a suitor to me for her brother. Shak.

2. Especially, one who solicits a woman in marriage; a wooer; a
lover. Sir P. Sidney.

3.
(a) (Law) One who sues or prosecutes a demand in court; a party to a
suit, as a plaintiff, petitioner, etc.
(b) (O. Eng. Law) One who attends a court as plaintiff, defendant,
petitioner, appellant, witness, juror, or the like.

SUITRESS
Suit"ress, n.

Defn: A female supplicant. Rowe.

SUJI
Su"ji, n. Etym: [Hind. s.]

Defn: Indian wheat, granulated but not pulverized; a kind of
semolina. [Written also soojee.]

SULA
Su"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Icel. s the gannet. See Solan goose.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of sea birds including the booby and the common gannet.

SULCATE; SULCATED
Sul"cate, Sul"ca*ted, a. Etym: [L. sulcatus, p.p. of sulcare to
furrow, fr. sulcus a furrow.]

Defn: Scored with deep and regular furrows; furrowed or grooved; as,
a sulcated stem.

SULCATION
Sul*ca"tion, n.

Defn: A channel or furrow.

SULCIFORM
Sul"ci*form, a.

Defn: Having the form of a sulcus; as, sulciform markings.

SULCUS
Sul"cus, n.; pl. Sulci. Etym: [L., a furrow.]

Defn: A furrow; a groove; a fissure.

SULEAH FISH
Su"le*ah fish`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A coarse fish of India, used in making a breakfast relish
called burtah.

SULK
Sulk, n. Etym: [L. sulcus.]

Defn: A furrow. [Obs.]

SULK
Sulk, v. i. Etym: [See Sulkiness.]

Defn: To be silently sullen; to be morose or obstinate. T. Hook.

SULKER
Sulk"er, n.

Defn: One who sulks.

SULKILY
Sulk"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sulky manner.

SULKINESS
Sulk"i*ness, n. Etym: [For sulkenness, fr. AS. solcen slothful,
remiss, in asolcen, besolcen, properly p.p. of sealcan in asealcan to
be weak or slothful; of uncertain origin.]

Defn: The quality or state of being sulky; sullenness; moroseness;
as, sulkiness of disposition.

SULKS
Sulks, n. pl.

Defn: The condition of being sulky; a sulky mood or humor; as, to be
in the sulks.

SULKY
Sulk"y, a. [Compar. Sulkier; superl. Sulkiest.] Etym: [See Sulkiness,
and cf. Sulky, n.]

Defn: Moodly silent; sullen; sour; obstinate; morose; splenetic.

Syn.
 -- See Sullen.

SULKY
Sulk"y, n.; pl. Sulkies. Etym: [From Sulky, a.; -- so called from the
owner's desire of riding alone.]

Defn: A light two-wheeled carriage for a single person.

Note: Sulky is used adjectively in the names of several agricultural
machines drawn by horses to denote that the machine is provided with
wheels and a seat for the driver; as, sulky plow; sulky harrow; sulky
rake, etc.

SULL
Sull, n. Etym: [AS. suluh, sulh, a plow; cf. OHG. suohili a little
plow.]

Defn: A plow. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

SULLAGE
Sul"lage, n. Etym: [Cf. Suillage, Sulliage.]

1. Drainage of filth; filth collected from the street or highway;
sewage. [Obs.]
The streets were exceedingly large, well paved, having many vaults
and conveyances under them for sullage. Evelyn.

2. That which sullies or defiles. [Obs.]
It is the privilege of the celestial luminaries to receive no
tincture, sullage, or difilement from the most noisome sinks and
dunghills here below. South.

3. (Founding)

Defn: The scoria on the surface of molten metal in the ladle.

4. (Hydraul. Engin.)

Defn: Silt; mud deposited by water. Sullage piece (Founding), the
sprue of a casting. See Sprue, n., 1 (b).

SULLEN
Sul"len, a. Etym: [OE. solein, solain, lonely, sullen; through Old
French fr. (assumed) LL. solanus solitary, fr. L. solus alone. See
Sole, a.]

1. Lonely; solitary; desolate. [Obs.] Wyclif (Job iii. 14).

2. Gloomy; dismal; foreboding. Milton.
Solemn hymns so sullen dirges change. Shak.

3. Mischievous; malignant; unpropitious.
Such sullen planets at my birth did shine. Dryden.

4. Gloomily angry and silent; cross; sour; affected with ill humor;
morose.
And sullen I forsook the imperfect feast. Prior.

5. Obstinate; intractable.
Things are as sullen as we are. Tillotson.

6. Heavy; dull; sluggish. "The larger stream was placid, and even
sullen, in its course." Sir W. Scott.

Syn.
 -- Sulky; sour; cross; ill-natured; morose; peevish; fretful; ill-
humored; petulant; gloomy; malign; intractable.
 -- Sullen, Sulky. Both sullen and sulky show themselves in the
demeanor. Sullenness seems to be an habitual sulkiness, and sulkiness
a temporary sullenness. The former may be an innate disposition; the
latter, a disposition occasioned by recent injury. Thus we are in a
sullen mood, and in a sulky fit.
No cheerful breeze this sullen region knows; The dreaded east is all
the wind that blows. Pope.
-- Sul"len*ly, adv.
 -- Sul"len*ness, n.

SULLEN
Sul"len, n.

1. One who is solitary, or lives alone; a hermit. [Obs.] Piers
Plowman.

2. pl.

Defn: Sullen feelings or manners; sulks; moroseness; as, to have the
sullens. [Obs.] Shak.

SULLEN
Sul"len, v. t.

Defn: To make sullen or sluggish. [Obs.]
Sullens the whole body with . . . laziness. Feltham.

SULLEVATE
Sul"le*vate, v. t. Etym: [L. sublevare to raise up. Cf. Sublevation.]

Defn: To rouse; to excite. [Obs.] Daniel.

SULLIAGE
Sul"li*age, n. Etym: [Cf. Sullage, Suillage, or Sully, v. t.]

Defn: Foulness; filth. [Obs.]
Though we wipe away with never so much care the dirt thrown at us,
there will be left some sulliage behind. Gov. of Tongue.

SULLY
Sul"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sullied; p. pr. & vb. n. Sullying.] Etym:
[OE. sulien, AS. sylian, fr. sol mire; akin to G. suhle mire, sich,
sühlen to wallow, Sw. söla to bemire, Dan. söle, Goth. bisaulijan to
defile.]

Defn: To soil; to dirty; to spot; to tarnish; to stain; to darken; --
used literally and figuratively; as, to sully a sword; to sully a
person's reputation.
Statues sullied yet with sacrilegious smoke. Roscommon.
No spots to sully the brightness of this solemnity. Atterbury.

SULLY
Sul"ly, v. i.

Defn: To become soiled or tarnished.
Silvering will sully and canker more than gilding. Bacon.

SULLY
Sul"ly, n.; pl. Sullies (.

Defn: Soil; tarnish; stain.
A noble and triumphant merit breaks through little spots and sullies
in his reputation. Spectator.

SULPHACID
Sulph*ac"id, n. Etym: [Sulpho- + acid.] (Chem.)

Defn: An acid in which, to a greater or less extent, sulphur plays a
part analogous to that of oxygen in an oxyacid; thus, thiosulphuric
and sulpharsenic acids are sulphacids; -- called also sulphoacid. See
the Note under Acid, n., 2.

SULPHAMATE
Sulph*am"ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphamic acid.

SULPHAMIC
Sulph*am"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a sulphamide; derived from, or related to,
a sulphamide; specifically, designating an amido acid derivative,
NH2.SO2.OH, of sulphuric acid (analogous to sulphonic acid) which is
not known in the free state, but is known in its salts.

SULPHAMIDE
Sulph*am"ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of amido compounds obtained by treating
sulphuryl chloride with various amines.

SULPHANILIC
Sulph`a*nil"ic, a. Etym: [From sulphuric + anilene.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an anilene sulphonic acid
which is obtained as a white crystalline substance.

SULPHANTIMONATE
Sulph*an`ti*mo"nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphantimonic acid.

SULPHANTIMONIC
Sulph*an`ti*mon"ic, a. Etym: [Sulpho- + antimonic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid of
antimony (called also thioantimonic acid) analogous to sulpharsenic
acid.

SULPHANTIMONIOUS
Sulph*an`ti*mo"ni*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid of
antimony (called also thioantimonious acid) analogous to
sulpharsenious acid.

SULPHANTIMONITE
Sulph*an"ti*mo*nite`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphantimonious acid.

SULPHARSENATE
Sulph*ar"se*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulpharsenic acid.

SULPHARSENIC
Sulph`ar*sen"ic, a. Etym: [Sulpho- + arsenic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid
(called also thioarsenic acid) analogous to arsenic acid, and known
only in its salts.

SULPHARSENIOUS
Sulph`ar*se"ni*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid
(called also thioarsenious acid) analogous to arsenious acid, and
known only in its salts.

SULPHARSENITE
Sulph*ar"se*nite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulpharsenious acid.

SULPHATE
Sul"phate, n. Etym: [NL. sulphas, sulphatis, fr. L. sulphur, sulfur,
brimstone, sulphur: cf. F. sulfate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphuric acid.

SULPHATIC
Sul*phat"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, resembling, or containing, a sulphate or
sulphates.

SULPHATO-
Sul"pha*to-. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting a sulphate as
an ingredient in certain double salts; as, sulphato-carbonate. [R.]

SULPHAURATE
Sulph*au"rate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphauric acid.

SULPHAURIC
Sulph*au"ric, a. Etym: [Sulpho- + aurum.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid of
gold (aurum), known only in its salts.

SULPHIDE
Sul"phide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of sulphur, or one so regarded; -- formerly
called sulphuret. Double sulphide (Chem.), a compound of two
sulphides.
 -- Hydrogen sulphide. (Chem.) See under Hydrogen.
 -- Metallic sulphide, a binary compound of sulphur with a metal.

SULPHINATE
Sul"phi*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of a sulphinic acid.

SULPHINDIGOTIC
Sulph*in`di*got"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphonic acid obtained,
as a blue solution, by dissolving indigo in sulphuric acid; --
formerly called also cerulic sulphuric acid, but properly called
indigo-disulphonic acid.

SULPHINE
Sul"phine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of basic compounds which consist
essentially of sulphur united with hydrocarbon radicals. In general
they are oily or crystalline deliquescent substances having a
peculiar odor; as, trimethyl sulphine, (CH3)3S.OH. Cf. Sulphonium.

SULPHINIC
Sul*phin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of a series of acids
regarded as acid ethereal salts of hyposulphurous acid; as, methyl
sulphinic acid, CH3.SO.OH, a thick unstable liquid.

SULPHINIDE
Sul"phi*nide, n. Etym: [Sulpho- + amine + anhydride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white or yellowish crystalline substance, C6H4.(SO2.CO).NH,
produced artificially by the oxidation of a sulphamic derivative of
toluene. It is the sweetest substance known, having over two hundred
times the sweetening power of sugar, and is known in commerce under
the name of saccharine. It has acid properties and forms salts (which
are inaccurately called saccharinates). I. Remsen.

SULPHION
Sul"phi*on, n. Etym: [Sulpho- + ion.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical, SO4, regarded as forming the acid or
negative constituent of sulphuric acid and the sulphates in
electrolytic decomposition; -- so called in accordance with the
binary theory of salts. [Written also sulphione.]

SULPHIONIDE
Sulph*i"on*ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of sulphion, or one so regarded; thus,
sulphuric acid, Hsulphionide.

SULPHITE
Sul"phite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sulfite. See Sulphur.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphurous acid.

SULPHO-
Sul"pho-. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix (also used adjectively) designating sulphur as an
ingredient in certain compounds. Cf. Thio-.

SULPHOARSENIC
Sul`pho*ar*sen"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, sulphur and arsenic; -- said
of an acid which is the same as arsenic acid with the substitution of
sulphur for oxygen.

SULPHOCARBONATE
Sul`pho*car"bon*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphocarbonic acid; a thiocarbonate.

SULPHOCARBONIC
Sul`pho*car*bon"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphacid, H2CSO2 (called
also thiocarbonic acid), or an acid, H2CS3, analogous to carbonic
acid, obtained as a yellow oily liquid of a pungent odor, and forming
salts.

SULPHOCYANATE
Sul`pho*cy"a*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphocyanic acid; -- also called thiocyanate, and
formerly inaccurately sulphocyanide. Ferric sulphocyanate (Chem.), a
dark red crystalline substance usually obtained in a blood-red
solution, and recognized as a test for ferric iron.

SULPHOCYANIC
Sul`pho*cy*an"ic, a. Etym: [See Sulphur, Cyanic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, derived from, or designating, a sulphacid,
HSCN, analogous to cyanic acid, and obtained as a colorless
deliquescent crystalline substance, having a bitter saline taste, and
not poisonous.

SULPHOCYANIDE
Sul`pho*cy"a*nide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Sulphocyanate.

SULPHOCYANOGEN
Sul`pho*cy*an"o*gen, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Persulphocyanogen. [Obs.]

SULPHONAL
Sul"pho*nal, n. (Med.)

Defn: A substance employed as a hypnotic, produced by the union of
mercaptan and acetone.

SULPHONATE
Sul"pho*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphonic acid.

SULPHONE
Sul"phone, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of compounds analogous to the ketones, and
consisting of the sulphuryl group united with two hydrocarbon
radicals; as, dimethyl sulphone, (CH.SO

SULPHONIC
Sul*phon"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, a sulphone; -- used
specifically to designate any one of a series of acids (regarded as
acid ethereal salts of sulphurous acid) obtained by the oxidation of
the mercaptans, or by treating sulphuric acid with certain aromatic
bases (as benzene); as, phenyl sulphonic acid, C6H5.SO2.OH, a stable
colorless crystalline substance. Sulphonic group (Chem.), the
hypothetical radical, SO2.OH, the characteristic residue of sulphonic
acids.

SULPHONIUM
Sul*pho"ni*um, n. Etym: [Sulphur + ammonium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical, SH3, regarded as the type and nucleus
of the sulphines.

SULPHOPHOSPHATE
Sul`pho*phos"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphophosphoric acid.

SULPHOPHOSPHITE
Sul`pho*phos"phite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphophosphorous acid.

SULPHOPHOSPHORIC
Sul`pho*phos*phor"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid of
phosphorus, analogous to phosphoric acid, and known in its salts.

SULPHOPHOSPHOROUS
Sul`pho*phos"phor*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical acid of
phosphorus, analogous to phosphorous acid, and known in its salts.

SULPHOSALT
Sul"pho*salt`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of a sulphacid.

SULPHOSTANNATE
Sul`pho*stan"nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphostannic acid.

SULPHOSTANNIC
Sul`pho*stan"nic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphacid of tin (more
exactly called metasulphostannic acid), which is obtained as a dark
brown amorphous substance, H

SULPHOTUNGSTATE
Sul`pho*tung"state, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphotungstic acid.

SULPHOTUNGSTIC
Sul`pho*tung"stic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, hypothetical sulphacid of
tungsten (called also sulphowolframic acid), analogous to sulphuric
acid, and known in its salts.

SULPHOVINIC
Sul`pho*vin"ic, a. Etym: [Sulpho- + vinum wine: cf. F. sulfovinique.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, and formerly designating, ethylsulphuric
acid.

SULPHUR
Sul"phur, n. Etym: [L., better sulfur: cf. F. soufre.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A nonmetallic element occurring naturally in large quantities,
either combined as in the sulphides (as pyrites) and sulphates (as
gypsum), or native in volcanic regions, in vast beds mixed with
gypsum and various earthy materials, from which it is melted out.
Symbol S. Atomic weight 32. The specific gravity of ordinary
octohedral sulphur is 2.05; of prismatic sulphur, 1.96.

Note: It is purified by distillation, and is obtained as a lemon-
yellow powder (by sublimation), called flour, or flowers, of sulphur,
or in cast sticks called roll sulphur, or brimstone. It burns with a
blue flame and a peculiar suffocating odor. It is an ingredient of
gunpowder, is used on friction matches, and in medicine (as a
laxative and insecticide), but its chief use is in the manufacture of
sulphuric acid. Sulphur can be obtained in two crystalline
modifications, in orthorhombic octahedra, or in monoclinic prisms,
the former of which is the more stable at ordinary temperatures.
Sulphur is the type, in its chemical relations, of a group of
elements, including selenium and tellurium, called collectively the
sulphur group, or family. In many respects sulphur resembles oxygen.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of yellow or orange butterflies of
the subfamily Pierinæ; as, the clouded sulphur (Eurymus, or Colias,
philodice), which is the common yellow butterfly of the Eastern
United States. Amorphous sulphur (Chem.), an elastic variety of
sulphur of a resinous appearance, obtained by pouring melted sulphur
into water. On standing, it passes back into a brittle crystalline
modification.
 -- Liver of sulphur. (Old Chem.) See Hepar.
 -- Sulphur acid. (Chem.) See Sulphacid.
 -- Sulphur alcohol. (Chem.) See Mercaptan.
 -- Sulphur auratum Etym: [L.] (Old Chem.), a golden yellow powder,
consisting of antimonic sulphide, Sb2S5, -- formerly a famous
nostrum.
 -- Sulphur base (Chem.), an alkaline sulphide capable of acting as a
base in the formation of sulphur salts according to the old dual
theory of salts. [Archaic] -- Sulphur dioxide (Chem.), a colorless
gas, SO2, of a pungent, suffocating odor, produced by the burning of
sulphur. It is employed chiefly in the production of sulphuric acid,
and as a reagent in bleaching; -- called also sulphurous anhydride,
and formerly sulphurous acid.
 -- Sulphur ether (Chem.), a sulphide of hydrocarbon radicals, formed
like the ordinary ethers, which are oxides, but with sulphur in the
place of oxygen.
 -- Sulphur salt (Chem.), a salt of a sulphacid; a sulphosalt.
 -- Sulphur showers, showers of yellow pollen, resembling sulphur in
appearance, often carried from pine forests by the wind to a great
distance.
 -- Sulphur trioxide (Chem.), a white crystalline solid, SO3,
obtained by oxidation of sulphur dioxide. It dissolves in water with
a hissing noise and the production of heat, forming sulphuric acid,
and is employed as a dehydrating agent. Called also sulphuric
anhydride, and formerly sulphuric acid.
 -- Sulphur whale. (Zoöl.) See Sulphur-bottom.
 -- Vegetable sulphur (Bot.), lycopodium powder. See under
Lycopodium.

SULPHURATE
Sul"phu*rate, a. Etym: [L. sulphuratus, sulfuratus.]

Defn: Sulphureous. [Poetic & R.] Dr. H. More.

SULPHURATE
Sul"phu*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sulphurated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sulphurating.] (Chem.)

Defn: To sulphurize. [Archaic]

SULPHURATION
Sul`phu*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sulfuration, L. sulphuratio,
sulfuratio, a vein of sulphur.]

Defn: The act or process of combining or impregnating with sulphur or
its compounds; also, the state of being so combined or impregnated.

SULPHURATOR
Sul"phu*ra`tor, n.

Defn: An apparatus for impregnating with, or exposing to the action
of, sulphur; especially, an apparatus for fumigating or bleaching by
means of the fumes of burning sulphur.

SULPHUR-BOTTOM
Sul`phur-bot"tom, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large whalebone whale of the genus Sibbaldius, having a
yellowish belly; especially, S. sulfureus of the North Pacific, and
S. borealis of the North Atlantic; -- called also sulphur whale.

SULPHUREITY
Sul`phu*re"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sulphureous. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SULPHUREOUS
Sul*phu"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. sulphureus, sulfureus.]

Defn: Consisting of sulphur; having the qualities of sulphur, or
brimstone; impregnated with sulphur.
Her snakes united, sulphureous waters drink. Pope.
-- Sul*phu"re*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Sul*phu"re*ous*ness, n.

SULPHURET
Sul"phu*ret, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A sulphide; as, a sulphuret of potassium. [Obsoles.]

SULPHURETED
Sul"phu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined or impregnated with sulphur; sulphurized. [Written
also sulphuretted.] Sulphureted hydrogen. (Chem.) See Hydrogen
sulphide, under Hydrogen.

SULPHURIC
Sul*phu"ric, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sulfurique.]

1. Of or pertaining to sulphur; as, a sulphuric smell.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Derived from, or containing, sulphur; specifically, designating
those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as
contrasted with the sulphurous compounds; as, sulphuric acid.
Sulphuric acid. (a) Sulphur trioxide (see under Sulphur); -- formerly
so called on the dualistic theory of salts. [Obs.] (b) A heavy,
corrosive, oily liquid, H2SO4, colorless when pure, but usually
yellowish or brownish, produced by the combined action of sulphur
dioxide, oxygen (from the air), steam, and nitric fumes. It attacks
and dissolves many metals and other intractable substances, sets free
most acids from their salts, and is used in the manufacture of
hydrochloric and nitric acids, of soda, of bleaching powders, etc. It
is also powerful dehydrating agent, having a strong affinity for
water, and eating and corroding paper, wood, clothing, etc. It is
thus used in the manufacture of ether, of imitation parchment, and of
nitroglycerin. It is also used in etching iron, in removing iron
scale from forgings, in petroleum refining, etc., and in general its
manufacture is the most important and fundamental of all the chemical
industries. Formerly called vitriolic acid, and now popularly
vitriol, and oil of vitriol.
 -- Fuming sulphuric acid, or Nordhausen sulphuric acid. See
Disulphuric acid, under Disulphuric.
 -- Sulphuric anhydride, sulphur trioxide. See under Sulphur.
 -- Sulphuric ether, common anæsthetic ether; -- so called because
made by the catalytic action of sulphuric acid on alcohol. See Ether,
3 (a).

SULPHURINE
Sul"phur*ine, a.

Defn: Sulphureous. [R.]

SULPHURING
Sul"phur*ing, n.

Defn: Exposure to the fumes of burning sulphur, as in bleaching; the
process of bleaching by exposure to the fumes of sulphur.

SULPHURIZE
Sul"phur*ize, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To combine or impregnate with sulphur or any of its compounds;
as, to sulphurize caoutchouc in vulcanizing.

SULPHUROUS
Sul"phur*ous, a. Etym: [L. sulphurosus, sulfurosus: cf. F.
sulfureux.]

1. Of or pertaining to sulphur.

2. (Chem.)
(a) Derived from, or containing, sulphur; specifically, designating
those compounds in which the element has a lower valence as
contrasted with the sulphuric compounds.
(b) Having the characteristic odor of sulphur dioxide, or of hydrogen
sulphide, or of other sulphur compounds. Sulphurous acid. (a) Sulphur
dioxide. See under Sulphur. [Obs.] (b) An acid, H2SO3, not known in
the free state except as a solution of sulphur dioxide in water, but
forming a well-known series of salts (the sulphites).
 -- Sulphurous anhydride (Chem.), sulphur dioxide. See under Sulphur.

SULPHURWORT
Sul"phur*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The hog's fennel. See under Fennel.

SULPHURY
Sul"phur*y, a.

Defn: Resembling, or partaking of the nature of, sulphur; having the
qualities of sulphur.

SULPHURYL
Sul"phur*yl, n. Etym: [Sulphur + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical SO2; -- called also sulphon. Sulphuryl
chloride, a chloride, pungent, fuming liquid, SO2.Cl2, obtained by
the action of phosphorus pentachloride on sulphur trioxide. On
treatment with water it decomposes into sulphuric and hydrochloric
acids, and is hence called also sulphuric chloranhydride.

SULPHYDRATE
Sul*phy"drate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound, analogous to a hydrate, regarded as a salt of
sulphydric acid, or as a derivative of hydrogen sulphide in which one
half of the hydrogen is replaced by a base (as potassium sulphydrate,
KSH), or as a hydrate in which the oxygen has been wholly or
partially replaced by sulphur.

SULPHYDRIC
Sul*phy"dric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, hydrogen sulphide, which is
regarded as an acid, especially when in solution.

SULPICIAN
Sul*pi"cian, n. Etym: [So called after the parish of St. Sulpice in
Paris, of which the founder, Jean Jacques Olier, was pastor in 1643.]
(R. C. Ch.)

Defn: One of an order of priests established in France in 1642 to
educate men for the ministry. The order was introduced soon
afterwards into Canada, and in 1791 into the United States. [Written
also Sulpitian.]

SULTAN
Sul"tan, n. Etym: [F. sultan (cf. Sp. soldan, It. sultano, soldano),
Ar. sultan sultan, dominion. Cf. Soldan.]

Defn: A ruler, or sovereign, of a Mohammedan state; specifically, the
ruler of the Turks; the Padishah, or Grand Seignior; -- officially so
called. Sultan flower. (Bot.) See Sweet sultan, under Sweet.

SULTANA
Sul*ta"na, n. Etym: [It.]

1. The wife of a sultan; a sultaness.

2. pl.

Defn: A kind of seedless raisin produced near Smyrna in Asiatic
Turkey. Sultana bird (Zoöl.), the hyacinthine, or purple, gallinule.
See Illust. under Gallinule.

SULTANATE
Sul"tan*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sultanat.]

Defn: The rule or dominion of a sultan; sultanship.

SULTANESS
Sul"tan*ess, n.

Defn: A sultana.

SULTANIC
Sul*tan"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a sultan.

SULTAN-RED
Sul"tan-red`, a.

Defn: Having a deep red color.

SULTANRY
Sul"tan*ry, n.

Defn: The dominions of a sultan. Bacon.

SULTANSHIP
Sul"tan*ship, n.

Defn: The office or dignity of a sultan.

SULTANY
Sul"tan*y, n.

Defn: Sultanry. [Obs.] Fuller.

SULTRILY
Sul"tri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sultry manner.

SULTRINESS
Sul"tri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sultry.

SULTRY
Sul"try, a. [Compar. Sultrier; superl. Sultriest.] Etym: [From
Sweltry.]

1. Very hot, burning, and oppressive; as, Libya's sultry deserts.
Such as, born beneath the burning sky And sultry sun, betwixt the
tropics lie. Dryden.

2. Very hot and moist, or hot, close, stagnant, and oppressive, as
air.
When in the sultry glebe I faint, Or on the thirsty mountain plant.
Addison.

SULU
Su*lu", n. [Malay Suluk.]

Defn: A member of the most prominent tribe of the Moro tribes,
occupying the Sulu Archipelago; also, their language.

SUM
Sum, n. Etym: [OE. summe, somme, OF. sume, some, F. somme, L. summa,
fr. summus highest, a superlative from sub under. See Sub-, and cf.
Supreme.]

1. The aggregate of two or more numbers, magnitudes, quantities, or
particulars; the amount or whole of any number of individuals or
particulars added together; as, the sum of 5 and 7 is 12.
Take ye the sum of all the congregation. Num. i. 2.

Note: Sum is now commonly applied to an aggregate of numbers, and
number to an aggregate of persons or things.

2. A quantity of money or currency; any amount, indefinitely; as, a
sum of money; a small sum, or a large sum. "The sum of forty pound."
Chaucer.
With a great sum obtained I this freedom. Acts xxii. 28.

3. The principal points or thoughts when viewed together; the amount;
the substance; compendium; as, this is the sum of all the evidence in
the case; this is the sum and substance of his objections.

4. Height; completion; utmost degree.
Thus have I told thee all my state, and brought My story to the sum
of earthly bliss. Milton.

5. (Arith.)

Defn: A problem to be solved, or an example to be wrought out.
Macaulay.
A sum in arithmetic wherein a flaw discovered at a particular point
is ipso facto fatal to the whole. Gladstone.
A large sheet of paper . . . covered with long sums. Dickens.
Algebraic sum, as distinguished from arithmetical sum, the aggregate
of two or more numbers or quantities taken with regard to their
signs, as + or -, according to the rules of addition in algebra;
thus, the algebraic sum of -2, 8, and -1 is 5.
 -- In sum, in short; in brief. [Obs.] "In sum, the gospel . . .
prescribes every virtue to our conduct, and forbids every sin."
Rogers.

SUM
Sum, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Summed; p. pr. & vb. n. Summing.] Etym: [Cf.
F. sommer, LL. summare.]

1. To bring together into one whole; to collect into one amount; to
cast up, as a column of figures; to ascertain the totality of; --
usually with up.
The mind doth value every moment, and then the hour doth rather sum
up the moments, than divide the day. Bacon.

2. To bring or collect into a small compass; to comprise in a few
words; to condense; -- usually with up.
"Go to the ant, thou sluggard," in few words sums up the moral of
this fable. L'Estrange.
He sums their virtues in himself alone. Dryden.

3. (Falconry)

Defn: To have (the feathers) full grown; to furnish with complete, or
full-grown, plumage.
But feathered soon and fledge They summed their pens [wings]. Milton.
Summing up, a compendium or abridgment; a recapitulation; a résumé; a
summary.

Syn.
 -- To cast up; collect; comprise; condense; comprehend; compute.

SUMAC; SUMACH
Su"mac, Su"mach, n. Etym: [F. sumac, formerly sumach (cf. Sp.
zumaque), fr. Ar. summaq.] [Written also shumac.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Rhus, shrubs or small trees with usually
compound leaves and clusters of small flowers. Some of the species
are used in tanning, some in dyeing, and some in medicine. One, the
Japanese Rhus vernicifera, yields the celebrated Japan varnish, or
lacquer.

2. The powdered leaves, peduncles, and young branches of certain
species of the sumac plant, used in tanning and dyeing. Poison sumac.
(Bot.) See under Poison.

SUMATRA LEAF
Su*ma"tra leaf.

Defn: A thin, elastic, uniformly light-colored tobacco leaf, raised
in Sumatra and extensively used for cigar wrappers.

SUMATRAN
Su*ma"tran, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Sumatra or its inhabitants.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Sumatra.

SUMBUL
Sum"bul, n. Etym: [Pers.]

Defn: The musky root of an Asiatic umbelliferous plant, Ferula
Sumbul. It is used in medicine as a stimulant. [Written also sumbal.]
-- Sum*bul"ic, a.

SUMERIAN
Su*me"ri*an, a. [Written also Sumirian.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the region of lower Babylonia, which was
anciently called Sumer, or its inhabitants or their language.

SUMERIAN
Su*me"ri*an, n. [Written also Sumirian.]

Defn: A native of lower Babylonia, anciently called Sumer.

SUMLESS
Sum"less, a.

Defn: Not to be summed up or computed; so great that the amount can
not be ascertained; incalculable; inestimable. "Sumless treasure."
Pope.

SUMMARILY
Sum"ma*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a summary manner.

SUMMARIST
Sum"ma*rist, n.

Defn: One who summarized.

SUMMARIZE
Sum"ma*rize, v. t.

Defn: To comprise in, or reduce to, a summary; to present briefly.
Chambers.

SUMMARY
Sum"ma*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sommaire. See Sum.]

1. Formed into a sum; summed up; reduced into a narrow compass, or
into few words; short; brief; concise; compendious; as, a summary
statement of facts.

2. Hence, rapidly performed; quickly executed; as, a summary process;
to take summary vengeance.

Syn.
 -- Short; brief; concise; compendious; succinct.

SUMMARY
Sum"ma*ry, n.; pl. Summaries. Etym: [F. sommaire, or L. summarium.
See Summary, a.]

Defn: A general or comprehensive statement; an abridged account; an
abstract, abridgment, or compendium, containing the sum or substance
of a fuller account.

SUMMATION
Sum*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sommation. See Sum, v. t.]

Defn: The act of summing, or forming a sum, or total amount; also, an
aggregate.
Of this series no summation is possible to a finite intellect. De
Quincey.

SUMMER
Sum"mer, n. Etym: [From Sum, v.]

Defn: One who sums; one who casts up an account.

SUMMER
Sum"mer, n. Etym: [F. sommier a rafter, the same word as sommier a
beast of burden. See Sumpter.] (Arch.)

Defn: A large stone or beam placed horizontally on columns, piers,
posts, or the like, serving for various uses. Specifically: (a) The
lintel of a door or window. (b) The commencement of a cross vault.
(c) A central floor timber, as a girder, or a piece reaching from a
wall to a girder. Called also summertree.

SUMMER
Sum"mer, n. Etym: [OE. sumer, somer, AS. sumor, sumer; akin to
OFries. sumur, D. zomer, OS. sumar, G. sommer, OHG. & Icel. sumar,
Dan. sommer, Sw. sommar, W. haf, Zend hama, Skr. sama year. *292.]

Defn: The season of the year in which the sun shines most directly
upon any region; the warmest period of the year.

Note: North of the equator summer is popularly taken to include the
months of June, July, and August. Astronomically it may be
considered, in the northern hemisphere, to begin with the summer
solstice, about June 21st, and to end with the autumnal equinox,
about September 22d. Indian summer, in North America, a period of
warm weather late in autumn, usually characterized by a clear sky,
and by a hazy or smoky appearance of the atmosphere, especially near
the horizon. The name is derived probably from the custom of the
Indians of using this time in preparation for winter by laying in
stores of food.
 -- Saint Martin's summer. See under Saint.
 -- Summer bird (Zoöl.), the wryneck. [Prov. Eng.] -- Summer colt,
the undulating state of the air near the surface of the ground when
heated. [Eng.] -- Summer complaint (Med.), a popular term for any
diarrheal disorder occurring in summer, especially when produced by
heat and indigestion.
 -- Summer coot (Zoöl.), the American gallinule. [Local, U.S.] --
Summer cypress (Bot.), an annual plant (Kochia Scoparia) of the
Goosefoot family. It has narrow, ciliate, crowded leaves, and is
sometimes seen in gardens.
 -- Summer duck. (Zoöl.) (a) The wood duck. (b) The garganey, or
summer teal. See Illust. of Wood duck, under Wood.
 -- Summer fallow, land uncropped and plowed, etc., during the
summer, in order to pulverize the soil and kill the weeds.
 -- Summer rash (Med.), prickly heat. See under Prickly.
 -- Summer sheldrake (Zoöl.), the hooded merganser. [Local, U.S.] --
Summer snipe. (Zoöl.) (a) The dunlin. (b) The common European
sandpiper. (c) The green sandpiper.
 -- Summer tanager (Zoöl.), a singing bird (Piranga rubra) native of
the Middle and Southern United States. The male is deep red, the
female is yellowish olive above and yellow beneath. Called also
summer redbird.
 -- Summer teal (Zoöl.), the blue-winged teal. [Local, U.S.] --
Summer wheat, wheat that is sown in the spring, and matures during
the summer following. See Spring wheat.
 -- Summer yellowbird. (Zoöl.) See Yellowbird.

SUMMER
Sum"mer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Summered; p. pr. & vb. n. Summering.]

Defn: To pass the summer; to spend the warm season; as, to summer in
Switzerland.
The fowls shall summer upon them. Isa. xviii. 6.

SUMMER
Sum"mer, v. t.

Defn: To keep or carry through the summer; to feed during the summer;
as, to summer stock.

SUMMER-FALLOW
Sum"mer-fal"low, v. t.

Defn: To plow and work in summer, in order to prepare for wheat or
other crop; to plow and let lie fallow.

SUMMERHOUSE
Sum"mer*house`, n.; pl. Summerhouses (.

Defn: A rustic house or apartment in a garden or park, to be used as
a pleasure resort in summer. Shak.

SUMMERLINESS
Sum"mer*li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being like summer. [R.] Fuller.

SUMMERSAULT; SUMMERSET
Sum"mer*sault, Sum"mer*set, n.

Defn: See Somersault, Somerset.

SUMMERSTIR
Sum"mer*stir`, v. t.

Defn: To summer-fallow.

SUMMERTIDE
Sum"mer*tide`, n.

Defn: Summer time.

SUMMERTREE
Sum"mer*tree`, n. Etym: [Summer a beam + tree.] (Arch.)

Defn: A summer. See 2d Summer.

SUMMERY
Sum"mer*y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to summer; like summer; as, a summery day.

SUMMIST
Sum"mist, n.

Defn: One who sums up; one who forms an abridgment or summary. Sir E.
Dering.

SUMMIT
Sum"mit, n. Etym: [F. sommet, dim. of OF. som, sum, top, from L.
summum, from summus highest. See Sum, n.]

1. The top; the highest point.
Fixed on the summit of the highest mount. Shak.

2. The highest degree; the utmost elevation; the acme; as, the summit
of human fame.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The most elevated part of a bivalve shell, or the part in which
the hinge is situated. Summit level, the highest level of a canal, a
railroad, or the like, in surmounting an ascent.

SUMMITLESS
Sum"mit*less, a.

Defn: Having no summit.

SUMMITY
Sum"mit*y, n. Etym: [L. summitas, fr. summus highest: cf. F. sommité.
See Sum, n.]

1. The height or top of anything. [Obs.] Swift.

2. The utmost degree; perfection. [Obs.] Hallywell.

SUMMON
Sum"mon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Summoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Summoning.]
Etym: [OE. somonen, OF. sumundre, semondre, F. semondre, from
(assumed) LL. summonêre, for L. summonere to give a hint; sub under +
monere to admonish, to warn. See Monition, and cf. Submonish.]

1. To call, bid, or cite; to notify to come to appear; -- often with
up.
Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood. Shak.
Trumpets summon him to war. Dryden.

2. To give notice to, or command to appear, as in court; to cite by
authority; as, to summon witnesses.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: To call upon to surrender, as a fort.

Syn.
 -- To call; cite; notify; convene; convoke; excite; invite; bid. See
Call.

SUMMONER
Sum"mon*er, n. Etym: [OE. somner, sompnour, OF. semoneor, F.
semonneur. See Summon, v. t.]

Defn: One who summons; one who cites by authority; specifically, a
petty officer formerly employed to summon persons to appear in court;
an apparitor.

SUMMONS
Sum"mons, n.; pl. Summonses. Etym: [OE. somouns, OF. sumunse,
semonse, semonce, F. semonce, semondre to summon, OF. p.p. semons.
See Summon, v.]

1. The act of summoning; a call by authority, or by the command of a
superior, to appear at a place named, or to attend to some duty.
Special summonses by the king. Hallam.
This summons . . . unfit either to dispute or disobey. Bp. Fell.
He sent to summon the seditious, and to offer pardon; but neither
summons nor pardon was regarded. Sir J. Hayward.

2. (Law)

Defn: A warning or citation to appear in court; a written
notification signed by the proper officer, to be served on a person,
warning him to appear in court at a day specified, to answer to the
plaintiff, testify as a witness, or the like.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A demand to surrender.

SUMMONS
Sum"mons, v. t.

Defn: To summon. [R. or Colloq.] Swift.

SUMMUM BONUM
Sum"mum bo"num. [L.] (Philos.)

Defn: The supreme or highest good, -- referring to the object of
human life.

SUMNER
Sum"ner, n.

Defn: A summoner. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

SUMOOM
Su*moom", n.

Defn: See Simoom.

SUMP
Sump, n. Etym: [Cf. G. sumpf a sump in a mine, a swamp, akin to LG.
sump, D. somp a swamp, Dan. & Sw. sump, and perhaps to E. swamp.]

1. (Metal.)

Defn: A round pit of stone, lined with clay, for receiving the metal
on its first fusion. Ray.

2. The cistern or reservoir made at the lowest point of a mine, from
which is pumped the water which accumulates there.

3. A pond of water for salt works. Knight.

4. A puddle or dirty pool. [Prov. Eng.] Sump fuse, a fuse used in
blasting under water.
 -- Sump men (Mining), the men who sink the sump in a mine.

SUMPH
Sumph, n.

Defn: A dunce; a blockhead. [Scot.]

SUMPITAN
Sum"pi*tan, n.

Defn: A kind of blowgun for discharging arrows, -- used by the
savages of Borneo and adjacent islands.

SUMPTER
Sump"ter, n. Etym: [OF. sommetier the driver of a pack horse; akin to
OF. & F. sommier a pack horse, L. sagmarius, fr. sagma a pack saddle,
in LL., a load, Gr. saj, sañj, to hang on. Cf. Seam a weight, Summer
a beam.]

1. The driver of a pack horse. [Obs.] Skeat.

2. A pack; a burden. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

3. An animal, especially a horse, that carries packs or burdens; a
baggage horse. Holinshed.

SUMPTER
Sump"ter, a.

Defn: Carrying pack or burdens on the back; as, a sumpter horse; a
sumpter mule. Bacon.

SUMPTION
Sump"tion, n. Etym: [L. sumptio, fr. sumere, sumptum, to take.]

1. A taking. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

2. (Logic)

Defn: The major premise of a syllogism.

SUMPTUARY
Sump"tu*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. sumptuarius, fr. sumptus expense, cost,
fr. sumere, sumptum, to take, use, spend; sub under + emere to take,
buy: cf. F. somptuaire. See Redeem.]

Defn: Relating to expense; regulating expense or expenditure. Bacon.
Sumptuary laws or regulations, laws intended to restrain or limit the
expenditure of citizens in apparel, food, furniture, etc.; laws which
regulate the prices of commodities and the wages of labor; laws which
forbid or restrict the use of certain articles, as of luxurious
apparel.

SUMPTUOSITY
Sump`tu*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. sumptuositas: cf. F. somptuosité.]

Defn: Expensiveness; costliness; sumptuousness. [R.] Sir W. Raleigh.

SUMPTUOUS
Sump"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. sumptuosus, fr. sumptus expanse, cost: cf.
F. somptueux. See Sumptuary.]

Defn: Involving large outlay or expense; costly; expensive; hence,
luxurious; splendid; magnificient; as, a sumptuous house or table;
sumptuous apparel.
We are too magnificient and sumptuous in our tables and attendance.
Atterbury.
She spoke, and turned her sumptuous head, with eyes Of shining
expectation fixed on mine. Tennyson.
-- Sump"tu*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Sump"tu*ous*ness, n.

SUN
Sun, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Sunn.

SUN
Sun, n. Etym: [OE. sunne, sonne, AS. sunne; akin to OFries. sunne, D.
zon, OS. & OHG. sunna, G. sonne, Icel. sunna, Goth. sunna; perh. fr.
same root as L. sol. *297. Cf. Solar, South.]

1. The luminous orb, the light of which constitutes day, and its
absence night; the central body round which the earth and planets
revolve, by which they are held in their orbits, and from which they
receive light and heat. Its mean distance from the earth is about
92,500,000 miles, and its diameter about 860,000.

Note: Its mean apparent diameter as seen from the earth is 32' 4",
and it revolves on its own axis once in 25photosphere, above which is
an envelope consisting partly of hydrogen, called the chromosphere,
which can be seen only through the spectroscope, or at the time of a
total solar eclipse. Above the chromosphere, and sometimes extending
out millions of miles, are luminous rays or streams of light which
are visible only at the time of a total eclipse, forming the solar
corona.

2. Any heavenly body which forms the center of a system of orbs.

3. The direct light or warmth of the sun; sunshine.
Lambs that did frisk in the sun. Shak.

4. That which resembles the sun, as in splendor or importance; any
source of light, warmth, or animation.
For the Lord God is a sun and shield. Ps. lxxiv. 11.
I will never consent to put out the sun of sovereignity to posterity.
Eikon Basilike.
Sun and planet wheels (Mach.), an ingenious contrivance for
converting reciprocating motion, as that of the working beam of a
steam engine, into rotatory motion. It consists of a toothed wheel
(called the sun wheel), firmly secured to the shaft it is desired to
drive, and another wheel (called the planet wheel) secured to the end
of a connecting rod. By the motion of the connecting rod, the planet
wheel is made to circulate round the central wheel on the shaft,
communicating to this latter a velocity of revolution the double of
its own. G. Francis.
 -- Sun angel (Zoöl.), a South American humming bird of the genus
Heliangelos, noted for its beautiful colors and the brilliant luster
of the feathers of its throat.
 -- Sun animalcute. (Zoöl.) See Heliozoa.
 -- Sun bath (Med.), exposure of a patient to the sun's rays;
insolation.
 -- Sun bear (Zoöl.), a species of bear (Helarctos Malayanus) native
of Southern Asia and Borneo. It has a small head and short neck, and
fine short glossy fur, mostly black, but brownish on the nose. It is
easily tamed. Called also bruang, and Malayan bear.
 -- Sun beetle (Zoöl.), any small lustrous beetle of the genus Amara.
 -- Sun bittern (Zoöl.), a singular South American bird (Eurypyga
helias), in some respects related both to the rails and herons. It is
beautifully variegated with white, brown, and black. Called also
sunbird, and tiger bittern.
 -- Sun fever (Med.), the condition of fever produced by sun stroke.
 -- Sun gem (Zoöl.), a Brazilian humming bird (Heliactin cornutus).
Its head is ornamented by two tufts of bright colored feathers, fiery
crimson at the base and greenish yellow at the tip. Called also
Horned hummer.
 -- Sun grebe (Zoöl.), the finfoot.
 -- Sun picture, a picture taken by the agency of the sun's rays; a
photograph.
 -- Sun spots (Astron.), dark spots that appear on the sun's disk,
consisting commonly of a black central portion with a surrounding
border of lighter shade, and usually seen only by the telescope, but
sometimes by the naked eye. They are very changeable in their figure
and dimensions, and vary in size from mere apparent points to spaces
of 50,000 miles in diameter. The term sun spots is often used to
include bright spaces (called faculæ) as well as dark spaces (called
maculæ). Called also solar spots. See Illustration in Appendix.
 -- Sun star (Zoöl.), any one of several species of starfishes
belonging to Solaster, Crossaster, and allied genera, having numerous
rays.
 -- Sun trout (Zoöl.), the squeteague.
 -- Sun wheel. (Mach.) See Sun and planet wheels, above.
 -- Under the sun, in the world; on earth. "There is no new thing
under the sun." Eccl. i. 9.

Note: Sun is often used in the formation of compound adjectives of
obvious meaning; as, sun-bright, sun-dried, sun-gilt, sunlike, sun-
lit, sun-scorched, and the like.

SUN
Sun, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sunned; p. pr. & vb. n. Sunning.]

Defn: To expose to the sun's rays; to warm or dry in the sun; as, to
sun cloth; to sun grain.
Then to sun thyself in open air. Dryden.

SUNBEAM
Sun"beam`, n. Etym: [AS. sunnebeam.]

Defn: A beam or ray of the sun. "Evening sunbeams." Keble.
Thither came Uriel, gliding through the even On a sunbeam. Milton.

SUNBIRD
Sun"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of numerous species of small brilliantly colored birds of
the family Nectariniidæ, native of Africa, Southern Asia, the East
Indies, and Australia. In external appearance and habits they
somewhat resemble humming birds, but they are true singing birds
(Oscines).
(b) The sun bittern.

SUNBLINK
Sun"blink`, n.

Defn: A glimpse or flash of the sun. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

SUNBONNET
Sun"bon"net, n.

Defn: A bonnet, generally made of some thin or light fabric,
projecting beyond the face, and commonly having a cape, -- worn by
women as a protection against the sun.

SUNBOW
Sun"bow`, n.

Defn: A rainbow; an iris. Byron.

SUNBURN
Sun"burn`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sunburned or Sunburnt (; p. pr. & vb.
n. Sunburning.]

Defn: To burn or discolor by the sun; to tan.
Sunburnt and swarthy though she be. Dryden.

SUNBURN
Sun"burn`, n.

Defn: The burning or discoloration produced on the skin by the heat
of the sun; tan.

SUN-BURNER
Sun"-burn`er, n.

Defn: A circle or cluster of gas-burners for lighting and ventilating
public buildings.

SUNBURNING
Sun"burn`ing, n.

Defn: Sunburn; tan. Boyle.

SUNBURST
Sun"burst`, n.

Defn: A burst of sunlight.

SUNCUP
Sun"cup`, n.

Defn: A yellow flowered evening primrose (Taraxia, syn. Onothera,
ovata) native of California.

SUNDART
Sun"dart`, n.

Defn: Sunbeam. [R.] Mrs. Hemans.

SUNDAY
Sun"day, n. Etym: [AS. sunnandæg; sunne, gen. sunnan, the sun + dæg
day; akin to D. zondag, G. sonntag; -- so called because this day was
anciently dedicated to the sun, or to its worship. See Sun, and Day.]

Defn: The first day of the week, -- consecrated among Christians to
rest from secular employments, and to religious worship; the
Christian Sabbath; the Lord's Day. Advent Sunday, Low Sunday, Passion
Sunday, etc. See under Advent, Low, etc.

Syn.
 -- See Sabbath.

SUNDAY
Sun"day, a.

Defn: Belonging to the Christian Sabbath. Sunday letter. See
Dominical letter, under Dominical.
 -- Sunday school. See under School.

SUNDER
Sun"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sundered; p. pr. & vb. n. Sundering.]
Etym: [OE. sundren, AS. sundrain (in asundrain, gesundrain), from
sundor asunder, separately, apart; akin to D. zonder, prep., without,
G. sonder separate, as prep., without, sondern but, OHG. suntar
separately, Icel. sundr asunder, Sw. & Dan. sönder, Goth. sundro
alone, separately.]

Defn: To disunite in almost any manner, either by rending, cutting,
or breaking; to part; to put or keep apart; to separate; to divide;
to sever; as, to sunder a rope; to sunder a limb; to sunder friends.
It is sundered from the main land by a sandy plain. Carew.

SUNDER
Sun"der, v. i.

Defn: To part; to separate. [R.] Shak.

SUNDER
Sun"der, n. Etym: [See Sunder, v. t., and cf. Asunder.]

Defn: A separation into parts; a division or severance. In sunder,
into parts. "He breaketh the bow, and cutteth the spear in sunder."
Ps. xlvi. 9.

SUNDER
Sun"der, v. t.

Defn: To expose to the sun and wind. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

SUNDEW
Sun"dew`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Drosera, low bog plants whose leaves are
beset with pediceled glands which secrete a viscid fluid that
glitters like dewdrops and attracts and detains insects. After an
insect is caught, the glands curve inward like tentacles and the leaf
digests it. Called also lustwort.

SUNDIAL
Sun"di`al, n.

Defn: An instrument to show the time of day by means of the shadow of
a gnomon, or style, on a plate. Sundial shell (Zoöl.), any shell of
the genus Solarium. See Solarium.

SUNDOG
Sun"dog`, n. (Meteorol.)

Defn: A luminous spot occasionally seen a few degrees from the sun,
supposed to be formed by the intersection of two or more halos, or in
a manner similar to that of halos.

SUNDOWN
Sun"down`, n.

1. The setting of the sun; sunset. "When sundown skirts the moor."
Tennyson.

2. A kind of broad-brimmed sun hat worn by women.

SUNDOWNER
Sun"down`er, n.

Defn: A tramp or vagabond in the Australian bush; -- so called from
his coming to sheep stations at sunset of ask for supper and a bed,
when it is too late to work; -- called also traveler and swagman (but
not all swagmen are sundowners).

Sundowners, -- men who loaf about till sunset, and then come in with
the demand for unrefusable rations.
Francis Adams.

SUN-DRIED
Sun"-dried`, a.

Defn: Dried by the heat of the sun. "Sun-dried brick." Sir T.
Herbert.

SUNDRIES
Sun"dries, n. pl.

Defn: Many different or small things; sundry things.

SUNDRILY
Sun"dri*ly, adv.

Defn: In sundry ways; variously.

SUNDROPS
Sun"drops`, n.  [Sun + drop.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of the several species of Kneiffia, esp. K. fruticosa
(syn. Onothera fruticosa), of the Evening-primrose family, having
flowers that open by daylight.

SUNDRY
Sun"dry, a. Etym: [OE. sundry, sondry, AS. syndrig, fr. sundor
asunder. See Sunder, v. t.]

1. Several; divers; more than one or two; various. "Sundry wines."
Chaucer. "Sundry weighty reasons." Shak.
With many a sound of sundry melody. Chaucer.
Sundry foes the rural realm surround. Dryden.

2. Separate; diverse. [Obs.]
Every church almost had the Bible of a sundry translation. Coleridge.
All and sundry, all collectively, and each separately.

SUNDRYMAN
Sun"dry*man, n.; pl. Sundrymen (.

Defn: One who deals in sundries, or a variety of articles.

SUNFISH
Sun"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A very large oceanic plectognath fish (Mola mola, Mola rotunda,
or Orthagoriscus mola) having a broad body and a truncated tail.
(b) Any one of numerous species of perch-like North American fresh-
water fishes of the family Centrachidæ. They have a broad, compressed
body, and strong dorsal spines. Among the common species of the
Eastern United States are Lepomis gibbosus (called also bream,
pondfish, pumpkin seed, and sunny), the blue sunfish, or dollardee
(L. pallidus), and the long-eared sunfish (L. auritus). Several of
the species are called also pondfish.
(c) The moonfish, or bluntnosed shiner.
(d) The opah.
(e) The basking, or liver, shark.
(f) Any large jellyfish.

SUNFLOWER
Sun"flow`er, n.

Defn: Any plant of the genus Helianthus; -- so called probably from
the form and color of its flower, which is large disk with yellow
rays. The commonly cultivated sunflower is Helianthus annuus, a
native of America.

SUNFLOWER STATE
Sun"flow`er State.

Defn: Kansas; a nickname.

SUNG
Sung,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Sing.

SUNGLASS
Sun"glass`, n.; pl. Sunglasses (.

Defn: A convex lens of glass for producing heat by converging the
sun's rays into a focus. "Lighting a cigar with a sunglass."
Hawthorne.

SUNGLOW
Sun"glow`, n.

Defn: A rosy flush in the sky seen after sunset.

SUNK
Sunk,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Sink. Sunk fence, a ditch with a retaining
wall, used to divide lands without defacing a landscape; a ha-ha.

SUNKEN
Sunk"en, a.

Defn: Lying on the bottom of a river or other water; sunk.

SUNLESS
Sun"less, a.

Defn: Destitute or deprived of the sun or its rays; shaded; shadowed.
The sunken glen whose sunless shrubs must weep. Byron.

SUNLIGHT
Sun"light`, n.

Defn: The light of the sun. Milton.

SUNLIKE
Sun"like`, a.

Defn: Like or resembling the sun. "A spot of sunlike brilliancy."
Tyndall.

SUNLIT
Sun"lit`, a.

Defn: Lighted by the sun.

SUNN
Sunn, n. Etym: [Hind. san, fr. Skr. çana.] (Bot.)

Defn: An East Indian leguminous plant (Crotalaria juncea) and its
fiber, which is also called sunn hemp. [Written also sun.]

SUNNA
Sun"na, n. Etym: [Ar. sunnah rule, law.]

Defn: A collection of traditions received by the orthodox Mohammedans
as of equal authority with the Koran.

SUNNIAH
Sun"ni*ah, n.

Defn: One of the sect of Sunnites.

SUNNINESS
Sun"ni*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sunny.

SUNNITE
Sun"nite, n.

Defn: One of the orthodox Mohammedans who receive the Sunna as of
equal importance with the Koran.

SUNNUD
Sun"nud, n. Etym: [Hind., fr. Ar. sanad.]

Defn: A charter or warrant; also, a deed of gift. [India]

SUNNY
Sun"ny, a. [Compar. Sunnier; superl. Sunniest.]

1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the
sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant. "Sunny beams."
Spenser. "Sunny locks." Shak.

2. Exposed to the rays of the sun; brightened or warmed by the direct
rays of the sun; as, a sunny room; the sunny side of a hill.
Her blooming mountains and her sunny shores. Addison.

3. Cheerful; genial; as, a sunny disposition.
My decayed fair A sunny look of his would soon repair. Shak.

SUNNY
Sun"ny, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Sunfish (b).

SUNPROOF
Sun"proof`, a.

Defn: Impervious to the rays of the sun. "Darksome yew, sunproof."
Marston.

SUNRISE; SUNRISING
Sun"rise`, Sun"ris`ing, n.

1. The first appearance of the sun above the horizon in the morning;
more generally, the time of such appearance, whether in fair or
cloudy weather; as, to begin work at sunrise. "The tide of sunrise
swells." Keble.

2. Hence, the region where the sun rises; the east.
Which were beyond Jordan toward the sunrising. Deut. iv. 47 (Rev.
Ver.)
Full hot and fast the Saxon rides, with rein of travel slack, And,
bending o'ev his saddle, leaves the sunrise at his back. Whittier.

SUNSET; SUNSETTING
Sun"set", Sun"set`ting, n.

1. The descent of the sun below the horizon; also, the time when the
sun sets; evening. Also used figuratively.
'T is the sunset of life gives me mystical lore. Campbell.

2. Hence, the region where the sun sets; the west. Sunset shell
(Zoöl.), a West Indian marine bivalve (Tellina radiata) having a
smooth shell marked with radiating bands of varied colors resembling
those seen at sunset or before sunrise; -- called also rising sun.

SUNSHADE
Sun"shade`, n.

Defn: Anything used as a protection from the sun's rays.
Specifically:
(a) A small parasol.
(b) An awning.

SUNSHINE
Sun"shine`, n.

1. The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct
rays of the sun, the place where they fall, or the warmth and light
which they give.
But all sunshine, as when his beams at noon Culminate from the
equator. Milton.

2. Anything which has a warming and cheering influence like that of
the rays of the sun; warmth; illumination; brightness.
That man that sits within a monarch's heart, And ripens in the
sunshine of his favor. Shak.

SUNSHINE
Sun"shine`, a.

Defn: Sunshiny; bright. Shak. "Sunshine hours." Keble.

SUNSHINY
Sun"shin`y, a.

1. Bright with the rays of the sun; clear, warm, or pleasant; as, a
sunshiny day.

2. Bright like the sun; resplendent.
Flashing beams of that sunshiny shield. Spenser.

3. Beaming with good spirits; cheerful. "Her sunshiny face." Spenser.

SUNSQUALL
Sun"squall`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any large jellyfish.

SUN STAR
Sun" star`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Sun star, under Sun.

SUNSTED
Sun"sted, n. Etym: [Sun + stead a place.]

Defn: Solstice. [Obs.] "The summer sunsted." Holland.

SUNSTONE
Sun"stone`, n. (Med.)

Defn: Aventurine feldspar. See under Aventurine.

SUNSTROKE
Sun"stroke`, n. (Med.)

Defn: Any affection produced by the action of the sun on some part of
the body; especially, a sudden prostration of the physical powers,
with symptoms resembling those of apoplexy, occasioned by exposure to
excessive heat, and often terminating fatally; coup de soleil.

SUN-STRUCK
Sun"-struck`, a. (Med.)

Defn: Overcome by, or affected with, sunstroke; as, sun-struck
soldiers.

SUNUP
Sun"up`, n.

Defn: Sunrise. [Local, U.S.]
Such a horse as that might get over a good deal of ground atwixt
sunup and sundown. Cooper.

SUNWARD
Sun"ward, adv.

Defn: Toward the sun.

SUNWISE
Sun"wise`, adv.

Defn: In the direction of the sun's apparent motion, or from the east
southward and westward, and so around the circle; also, in the same
direction as the movement of the hands of a watch lying face upward.

SUP
Sup, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supped; p. pr. & vb. n. Supping.] Etym: [OE.
soupen to drink, AS. s; akin to D. zuipen, G. saufen, OHG. s, Icel.
s, Sw. supa, Dan. söbe. Cf. Sip, Sop, Soup, Supper.]

Defn: To take into the mouth with the lips, as a liquid; to take or
drink by a little at a time; to sip.
There I'll sup Balm and nectar in my cup. Crashaw.

SUP
Sup, n.

Defn: A small mouthful, as of liquor or broth; a little taken with
the lips; a sip.
Tom Thumb had got a little sup. Drayton.

SUP
Sup, v. i. Etym: [See Supper.]

Defn: To eat the evening meal; to take supper.
I do entreat that we may sup together.

SUP
Sup, v. t.

Defn: To treat with supper. [Obs.]
Sup them well and look unto them all. Shak.

SUPAWN
Su*pawn", n. Etym: [Of American Indian origin.]

Defn: Boiled Indian meal; hasty pudding; mush. [Written also sepawn,
sepon, and suppawn.] [Local, U.S.]

SUPE
Supe, n.

Defn: A super. [Theatrical Cant]

SUPER-
Su"per-. Etym: [L. super over, above; akin to Gr. sub under, and E.
over. See Over, and cf. Hyper-, Sub-, Supra-, Sur-.]

1. A prefix signifying above, over, beyond, and hence often denoting
in a superior position, in excess, over and above, in addition,
exceedingly; as in superimpose, supersede, supernatural,
superabundance.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix formerly much used to denote that the ingredient to
the name of which it was prefixed was present in a large, or
unusually large, proportion as compared with the other ingredients;
as in calcium superphosphate. It has been superseded by per-, bi-,
di-, acid, etc. (as peroxide, bicarbonate, disulphide, and acid
sulphate), which retain the old meanings of super-, but with sharper
definition. Cf. Acid, a., Bi-, Di-, and Per-.

SUPER
Su"per, n.

Defn: A contraction of Supernumerary, in sense 2. [Theatrical Cant]

SUPERABLE
Su"per*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. superabilis, from superare to go over, to
surmount, fr. super above, over.]

Defn: Capable of being overcome or conquered; surmountable.
Antipathies are generally superable by a single effort. Johnson.
-- Su"per*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Su"per*a*bly, adv.

SUPERABOUND
Su`per*a*bound", v. i. Etym: [L. superabundare: cf. OF. superabonder.
See Super-, and Abound.]

Defn: To be very abundant or exuberant; to be more than sufficient;
as, the country superabounds with corn.

SUPERABUNDANCE
Su`per*a*bun"dance, n. Etym: [L. superabundantia: cf. OF.
superabondance.]

Defn: The quality or state of being superabundant; a superabundant
quantity; redundancy; excess.

SUPERABUNDANT
Su`per*a*bun"dant, a. Etym: [L. superabundans, p.pr. of
superabundare. See Superabound.]

Defn: Abounding to excess; being more than is sufficient; redundant;
as, superabundant zeal.
 -- Su`per*a*bun"dant*ly, adv.

SUPERACIDULATED
Su`per*a*cid"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: Acidulated to excess. [R.]

SUPERADD
Su`per*add", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superadded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Superadding.] Etym: [L. superaddere. See Super-, and Add.]

Defn: To add over and above; to add to what has been added; to annex,
as something extrinsic.
The strength of any living creature, in those external motion, is
something distinct from, and superadded unto, its natural gravity.
Bp. Wilkins.
The peacock laid it extremely to heart that he had not the
nightingale's voice superadded to the beauty of his plumes.
L'Estrange.

SUPERADDITION
Su`per*ad*di"tion, n.

Defn: The act of adding something in excess or something extraneous;
also, something which is added in excess or extraneously.
This superaddition is nothing but fat. Arbuthnot.

SUPERADVENIENT
Su`per*ad*ven"ient, a.

Defn: Coming upon; coming in addition to, or in assistance of,
something. [R.]
He has done bravely by the superadvenient assistance of his God. Dr.
H. More.

SUPERALIMENTATION
Su`per*al`i*men*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of overfeeding, or making one take food in excess of
the natural appetite for it.

SUPERALTAR
Su"per*al`tar, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A raised shelf or stand on the back of an altar, on which
different objects can be placed; a predella or gradino.

SUPERANGELIC
Su`per*an*gel"ic, a.

Defn: Superior to the angels in nature or rank. [R.] Milman.

SUPERANNUATE
Su`per*an"nu*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superannuated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Superannuating.] Etym: [Pref. super- + L. annus a year.]

1. To impair or disquality on account of age or infirmity. Sir T.
Browne.

2. To give a pension to, on account of old age or other infirmity; to
cause to retire from service on a pension.

SUPERANNUATE
Su`per*an"nu*ate, v. i.

Defn: To last beyond the year; -- said of annual plants. [Obs.]
Bacon.

SUPERANNUATION
Su`per*an`nu*a"tion, n.

Defn: The state of being superannuated, or too old for office or
business; the state of being disqualified by old age; decrepitude.
The world itself is in a state of superannuation. Cowper.
Slyness blinking through the watery eye of superannuation. Coleridge.

SUPERB
Su*perb", a. Etym: [F. superbe, L. superbus, fr. super over. See
Super-.]

1. Grand; magnificent; august; stately; as, a superb edifice; a
superb colonnade.

2. Rich; elegant; as, superb furniture or decorations.

3. Showy; excellent; grand; as, a superb exhibition. Superb paradise
bird (Zoöl.), a bird of paradise (Paradisæa, or Lophorina, superba)
having the scapulars erectile, and forming a large ornamental tuft on
each shoulder, and a large gorget of brilliant feathers on the
breast. The color is deep violet, or nearly black, with brilliant
green reflections. The gorget is bright metallic green.
 -- Superb warber. (Zoöl.) See Blue wren, under Wren.
 -- Su*perb"ly, adv.
 -- Su*perb"ness, n.

SUPERBIATE
Su*per"bi*ate, v. t. Etym: [Cf. L. superbiare.]

Defn: To make (a person) haughty. [Obs. & R.] Feltham.

SUPERCARBONATE
Su`per*car"bon*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A bicarbonate. [Obsoles.]

SUPERCARBURETED
Su`per*car"bu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Bicarbureted. [Written also supercarburetted.] [Obsoles.]

SUPERCARGO
Su`per*car"go, n. Etym: [Super- + cargo: cf. Sp. sobrecargo. Cf.
Surcharge.]

Defn: An officer or person in a merchant ship, whose duty is to
manage the sales, and superintend the commercial concerns, of the
voyage.

SUPERCARPAL
Su`per*car"pal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above, or in the upper part of, the carpus.

SUPERCELESTIAL
Su`per*ce*les"tial, a. Etym: [Pref. super- + celestial: cf. L.
supercaelestis.]

1. Situated above the firmament, or great vault of heaven. Waterland.

2. Higher than celestial; superangelic.

SUPERCHARGE
Su`per*charge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supercharged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Supercharging.] Etym: [Pref. super- + charge. Cf. Surcharge.] (Her.)

Defn: To charge (a bearing) upon another bearing; as, to supercharge
a rose upon a fess.

SUPERCHARGE
Su`per*charge", n. (Her.)

Defn: A bearing charged upon another bearing. [R.]

SUPERCHEMICAL
Su`per*chem"ic*al, a.

Defn: Above or beyond chemistry; inexplicable by chemical laws. J. Le
Conte.

SUPERCHERY
Su*perch"er*y, n. Etym: [F. supercherie.]

Defn: Deceit; fraud; imposition. [Obs. & R.]

SUPERCILIARY
Su`per*cil"i*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. supercilium an eyebrow. See
Supercilious.]

1. Of or pertaining to the eyebrows; supraorbital.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a distinct streak of color above the eyes; as, the
superciliary woodpecker.

SUPERCILIOUS
Su`per*cil"i*ous, a. Etym: [L. superciliosus, fr. supercilium an
eyebrow, pride; super over, + cilium an eyelid; probably akin to
celare to conceal. Cf. Conceal.]

Defn: Lofty with pride; haughty; dictatorial; overbearing; arrogant;
as, a supercilious officer; asupercilious air; supercilious behavior.
 -- Su`per*cil"i*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Su`per*cil"i*ous*ness, n.

SUPERCILIUM
Su`per*cil"i*um, n. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The eyebrow, or the region of the eyebrows.

SUPERCOLUMNIATION
Su`per*co*lum`ni*a"tion, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The putting of one order above another; also, an architectural
work produced by this method; as, the putting of the Doric order in
the ground story, Ionic above it, and Corinthian or Composite above
this.

SUPERCONCEPTION
Su`per*con*cep"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: Superfetation. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

SUPERCONSEQUENCE
Su`per*con"se*quence, n.

Defn: Remote consequence. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SUPERCRESCENCE
Su`per*cres"cence, n. Etym: [See Supercrescent.]

Defn: That which grows upon another growing thing; a parasite. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.

SUPERCRESCENT
Su`per*cres"cent, a. Etym: [L. supercrescens, p.pr. of supercrescere;
super above + crescere to grow.]

Defn: Growing on some other growing thing. [R.] Johnson.

SUPERCRETACEOUS
Su`per*cre*ta"ceous, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Same as Supracretaceous.

SUPERCURIOUS
Su`per*cu"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Excessively curious or inquisitive. Evelyn.

SUPERDOMINANT
Su`per*dom"i*nant, n. (Mus.)

Defn: The sixth tone of the scale; that next above the dominant; --
called also submediant.

SUPERDREADNOUGHT
Su`per*dread"nought`, n.

Defn: See Dreadnought, above.

SUPEREMINENCE; SUPEREMINENCY
Su`per*em"i*nence, Su`per*em"i*nen*cy, n. Etym: [L. supereminentia.]

Defn: The quality or state of being supereminent; distinguished
eminence; as, the supereminence of Cicero as an orator, or Lord
Chatham as a statesman. Ayliffe.
He was not forever beset with the consciousness of his own
supereminence. Prof. Wilson.

SUPEREMINENT
Su`per*em"i*nent, a. Etym: [L. supereminens, p.pr. of supereminere.
See Super-, and Eminent.]

Defn: Eminent in a superior degree; surpassing others in excellence;
as, a supereminent divine; the supereminent glory of Christ.
 -- Su`per*em"i*nent*ly, adv.

SUPEREROGANT
Su`per*er"o*gant, a. Etym: [L. supererogans, p.pr. See Supererogate.]

Defn: Supererogatory. [Obs.]

SUPEREROGATE
Su`per*er"o*gate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Supererogated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Supererogating.] Etym: [L. supererogatus, p.p. of supererogare to
spend or pay out over and above; super over, above + erogare to
expend or pay out money from the public treasury after asking the
consent of the people. See Super-, and Erogate, Rogation.]

Defn: To do more than duty requires; to perform works of
supererogation; to atone (for a dificiency in another) by means of a
surplus action or quality.
The fervency of one man in prayer can not supererogate for the
coldness of another. Milton.

SUPEREROGATION
Su`per*er`o*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. supererogatio a payment in
addition.]

Defn: The act of supererogating; performance of more than duty or
necessity requires. Works of supererogation (R. C. Ch.), those good
deeds believed to have been performed by saints, or capable of being
performed by men, over and above what is required for their own
salvation.

SUPEREROGATIVE
Su`per*e*rog"a*tive, a.

Defn: Supererogatory.

SUPEREROGATORY
Su`per*e*rog"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Performed to an extent not enjoined, or not required, by duty
or necessity; as, supererogatory services. Howell.

SUPERESSENTIAL
Su`per*es*sen"tial, a.

Defn: Essential above others, or above the constitution of a thing.
J. Ellis.

SUPERETHICAL
Su`per*eth"ic*al, a.

Defn: More than ethical; above ethics. Bolingbroke.

SUPEREXALT
Su`per*ex*alt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superexalted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Superexalting.]

Defn: To exalt to a superior degree; to exalt above others. Barrow.

SUPEREXALTATION
Su`per*ex`al*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Elevation above the common degree. Holyday.

SUPEREXCELLENCE
Su`per*ex"cel*lence, n.

Defn: Superior excellence; extraordinary excellence.

SUPEREXCELLENT
Su`per*ex"cel*lent, a. Etym: [Pref. super- + excellent: cf. L.
superexcellens.]

Defn: Excellent in an uncommon degree; very excellent. Drayton.

SUPEREXCINATION
Su`per*ex`ci*na"tion, n.

Defn: Excessive, or more than normal, excitation.

SUPEREXCRESCENCE
Su`per*ex*cres"cence, n.

Defn: Something growing superfluously.

SUPERFAMILY
Su"per*fam`i*ly, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group intermediate between a family and a suborder.

SUPERFECUNDATION
Su`per*fec`un*da"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: Fertilization of two ova, at the same menstruation, by two
different acts of coition.

SUPERFECUNDITY
Su`per*fe*cun"di*ty, n.

Defn: Superabundant fecundity or multiplication of the species.

SUPERFETATE
Su`per*fe"tate, v. i. Etym: [L. superfetare; super above, over +
fetare to bring forth.]

Defn: To conceive after a prior conception, but before the birth of
the offspring.
The female . . . is said to superfetate. Grew.

SUPERFETATION
Su`per*fe*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. superfétation.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The formation of a fetus at the result of an impregnation
occurring after another impregnation but before the birth of the
offspring produced by it. This is possible only when there is a
double uterus, or where menstruation persists up to the time of the
second impregnation.
In then became a superfetation upon, and not an ingredient in, the
national character. Coleridge.

SUPERFETE
Su`per*fete", v. i.

Defn: To superfetate. [Obs.]

SUPERFETE
Su`per*fete", v. t.

Defn: To conceive (another fetus) after a former conception. [Obs.]
Howell.

SUPERFICE
Su"per*fice, n.

Defn: A superficies. [Obs.] Dryden.

SUPERFICIAL
Su`per*fi"cial, a. Etym: [L. superficialis: cf. F. superficiel. See
Superficies.]

1. Of or pertaining to the superficies, or surface; lying on the
surface; shallow; not deep; as, a superficial color; a superficial
covering; superficial measure or contents; superficial tillage.

2. Reaching or comprehending only what is obvious or apparent; not
deep or profound; shallow; -- said especially in respect to study,
learning, and the like; as, a superficial scholar; superficial
knowledge.
This superficial tale Is but a preface of her worthy praise. Shak.
He is a presumptuous and superficial writer. Burke.
That superficial judgment, which happens to be right without
deserving to be so. J. H. Newman.
-- Su`per*fi"cial*ly, adv.
 -- Su`per*fi"cial*ness, n.

SUPERFICIALIST
Su`per*fi"cial*ist, n.

Defn: One who attends to anything superficially; a superficial or
shallow person; a sciolist; a smatterer.

SUPERFICIALITY
Su`per*fi`ci*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. superficialité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being superficial; also, that which is
superficial. Sir T. Browne.

SUPERFICIALIZE
Su`per*fi"cial*ize, v. t.

Defn: To attend to, or to treat, superficially, or in a shallow or
slighting way. [R.]
It is a characteristic weakness of the day to superficialize evil. E.
P. Whipple.

SUPERFICIARY
Su`per*fi"ci*a*ry, n. (Rom. Law)

Defn: One to whom a right of surface occupation is granted; one who
pays quitrent for a house built upon another man's ground.

SUPERFICIARY
Su`per*fi"ci*a*ry, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the superficies, or surface; superficial.

2. (Rom. Law)

Defn: Situated or built on another man's land, as a house.

SUPERFICIES
Su`per*fi"cies, n. Etym: [L., fr. super above, over + facies make,
figure, shape. See Surface.]

1. The surface; the exterior part, superficial area, or face of a
thing.

2. (Civil Law)
(a) Everything on the surface of a piece of ground, or of a building,
so closely connected by art or nature as to constitute a part of it,
as houses, or other superstructures, fences, trees, vines, etc.
(b) A real right consisting of a grant by a landed proprietor of a
piece of ground, bearing a strong resemblance to the long building
leases granted by landholders in England, in consideration of a rent,
and under reservation of the ownership of the soil. Bouvier. Wharton.

SUPERFINE
Su"per*fine, a.

1. Very fine, or most fine; being of surpassing fineness; of extra
nice or fine quality; as, superfine cloth.

2. Excessively fine; too nice; over particular; as, superfine
distinctions; superfine tastes.

SUPERFINENESS
Su"per*fine`ness, n.

Defn: The state of being superfine.

SUPERFINICAL
Su`per*fin"i*cal, a.

Defn: Extremely finical.

SUPERFLUENCE
Su*per"flu*ence, n. Etym: [L. superfluens, p.pr. of superfluere to
flow or run over. See Superfluous.]

Defn: Superfluity. [Obs.] Hammond.

SUPERFLUITANT
Su`per*flu"i*tant, a. Etym: [L. super above + fluitans, p.pr. of
fluitare intensive fr. fluere to flow.]

Defn: Floating above or on the surface. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
 -- Su`per*flu"i*tance, n. [Obs.]

SUPERFLUITY
Su`per*flu"i*ty, n.; pl. Superfluities. Etym: [L. superfluité, L.
superfluitas. See Superfluous.]

1. A greater quantity than is wanted; superabundance; as, a
superfluity of water; a superfluity of wealth.
A quiet mediocrity is still to be preferred before a troubled
superfluity. Suckling.

2. The state or quality of being superfluous; excess. "By a
superfluity abominable." Chaucer.

3. Something beyond what is needed; something which serves for show
or luxury.

Syn.
 -- Superabundance; excess; redundancy.

SUPERFLUOUS
Su*per"flu*ous, a. Etym: [L. superfluus overflowing; super over,
above + fluere to flow. See Super-, and Fluent.]

Defn: More than is wanted or is sufficient; rendered unnecessary by
superabundance; unnecessary; useless; excessive; as, a superfluous
price. Shak.
An authority which makes all further argument or illustration
superfluous. E. Everett.
Superfluous interval (Mus.), an interval that exceeds a major or
perfect interval by a semitone.

Syn.
 -- Unnecessary; useless; exuberant; excessive; redundant; needless.
 -- Su*per"flu*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Su*per"flu*ous*ness, n.

SUPERFLUX
Su"per*flux, n.

Defn: Superabundance; superfluity; an overflowing. [R.] Shak.

SUPERFOETATION
Su`per*foe*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Superfetation.

SUPERFOLIATION
Su`per*fo`li*a"tion, n.

Defn: Excess of foliation. Sir T. Browne.

SUPERFRONTAL
Su`per*fron"tal, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: A cloth which is placed over the top of an altar, and often
hangs down a few inches over the frontal.

SUPERFUSE
Su`per*fuse", a.

Defn: To pour (something) over or on something else. [Obs.] Evelyn.

SUPERHEAT
Su`per*heat", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superheated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Superheating.]

1. To heat too much, to overheat; as, to superheat an oven.

2. (Steam Engine)

Defn: To heat, as steam, apart from contact with water, until it
resembles a perfect gas.

SUPERHEAT
Su"per*heat`, n.

Defn: The increase of temperature communicated to steam by
superheating it.

SUPERHEATER
Su"per*heat`er, n. (Steam Engine)

Defn: An apparatus for superheating steam.

SUPERHIVE
Su"per*hive`, n.

Defn: A removable upper part of a hive. The word is sometimes
contracted to super.

SUPERHUMAN
Su`per*hu"man, a.

Defn: Above or beyond what is human; sometimes, divine; as,
superhuman strength; superhuman wisdom.

SUPERIMPOSE
Su`per*im*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superimposed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Superimposing.]

Defn: To lay or impose on something else; as, a stratum of earth
superimposed on another stratum.
 -- Su`per*im`po*si"tion, n.

SUPERIMPREGNATION
Su`per*im`preg*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act of impregnating, or the state of being impregnated, in
addition to a prior impregnation; superfetation.

SUPERINCUMBENCE; SUPERINCUMBENCY
Su`per*in*cum"bence, Su`per*in*cum"ben*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being superincumbent.

SUPERINCUMBENT
Su`per*in*cum"bent, a. Etym: [L. superincumbens, p.pr. of
superincumbere. See Super-, and Incumbent.]

Defn: Lying or resting on something else.

SUPERINDUCE
Su`per*in*duce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superinduced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Superinducing.] Etym: [Pref. super- + induce: cf. L. superinducere to
draw over.]

Defn: To bring in, or upon, as an addition to something.
Long custom of sinning superinduces upon the soul new and absurd
desires. South.

SUPERINDUCEMENT
Su`per*in*duce"ment, n.

Defn: Superinduction.

SUPERINDUCTION
Su`per*in*duc"tion, n.

Defn: The act of superinducing, or the state of being superinduced.
South.

SUPERINFUSE
Su`per*in*fuse", v. t. Etym: [Pref. super- + infuse: cf. L.
superinfundere, superinfusum, to pour over.]

Defn: To infuse over. [R.]

SUPERINJECTION
Su`per*in*jec"tion, n.

Defn: An injection succeeding another.

SUPERINSPECT
Su`per*in*spect", v. t. Etym: [Pref. super- + inspect: cf. L.
superinspicere, superinspectum.]

Defn: To over see; to superintend by inspection. [R.] Maydman.

SUPERINSTITUTION
Su`per*in`sti*tu"tion, n.

Defn: One institution upon another, as when A is instituted and
admitted to a benefice upon a title, and B instituted and admitted
upon the presentation of another. Bailey.

SUPERINTELLECTUAL
Su`per*in`tel*lec"tu*al, a.

Defn: Being above intellect.

SUPERINTEND
Su`per*in*tend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superintended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Superintending.] Etym: [L. superintendere. See Super-, and Intend.]

Defn: To have or exercise the charge and oversight of; to oversee
with the power of direction; to take care of with authority; to
supervise; as, an officer superintends the building of a ship or the
construction of a fort.
The king may appoint a council, who may superintend the works of this
nature. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Superintend, Supervise. These words in general use are the
synonymous. As sometimes used, supervise implies the more general,
and superintend, the more particular and constant, inspection or
direction. Among architects there is a disposition to use the word
supervise in the sense of a general oversight of the main points of
construction with reference to the design, etc., and to employ the
word superintend to signify a constant, careful attention to all the
details of construction. But this technical distinction is not firmly
established.

SUPERINTENDENCE
Su`per*in*tend"ence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. superintendance.]

Defn: The act of superintending; care and oversight for the purpose
of direction; supervision. Barrow.

Syn.
 -- Inspection; oversight; care; direction; control; guidance.

SUPERINTENDENCY
Su`per*in*tend"en*cy, n.; pl. -cies (.

Defn: The act of superintending; superintendence. Boyle.

SUPERINTENDENT
Su`per*in*tend"ent, a. Etym: [L. superintendens, p.pr. See
Superintend.]

Defn: Overseeing; superintending.

SUPERINTENDENT
Su`per*in*tend"ent, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. superintendant, F.
surintendant. Cf. Surintendant.]

Defn: One who has the oversight and charge of some place,
institution, or organization, affairs, etc., with the power of
direction; as, the superintendent of an almshouse; the superintendent
of public works.

Syn.
 -- Inspector; overseer; manager; director; curator; supervisor.

SUPERINTENDER
Su`per*in*tend"er, n.

Defn: A superintendent. [R.]

SUPERINVESTITURE
Su`per*in*vest"i*ture, n.

Defn: An outer vestment or garment. [R.] Bp. Horne.

SUPERIOR
Su*pe"ri*or, a. Etym: [L., compar. of superus being above, fr. super
above, over: cf. F. supérieur. See Super-, and cf. Supreme.]

1. More elevated in place or position; higher; upper; as, the
superior limb of the sun; the superior part of an image.

2. Higher in rank or office; more exalted in dignity; as, a superior
officer; a superior degree of nobility.

3. Higher or greater in excellence; surpassing others in the
greatness, or value of any quality; greater in quality or degree; as,
a man of superior merit; or of superior bravery.

4. Beyond the power or influence of; too great or firm to be subdued
or affected by; -- with to.
There is not in earth a spectacle more worthy than a great man
superior to his sufferings. Spectator.

5. More comprehensive; as a term in classification; as, a genus is
superior to a species.

6. (Bot.)
(a) Above the ovary; -- said of parts of the flower which, although
normally below the ovary, adhere to it, and so appear to originate
from its upper part; also of an ovary when the other floral organs
are plainly below it in position, and free from it.
(b) Belonging to the part of an axillary flower which is toward the
main stem; posterior.
(c) Pointing toward the apex of the fruit; ascending; -- said of the
radicle. Superior conjunction, Superior planets, etc. See
Conjunction, Planet, etc.
 -- Superior figure, Superior letter (Print.), a figure or letter
printed above the line, as a reference to a note or an index of a
power, etc; as, in x2 + yn, 2 is a superior figure, n a superior
letter. Cf. Inferior figure, under Inferior.

SUPERIOR
Su*pe"ri*or, n.

1. One who is above, or surpasses, another in rank, station, office,
age, ability, or merit; one who surpasses in what is desirable; as
Addison has no superior as a writer of pure English.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: The head of a monastery, convent, abbey, or the like.

SUPERIORESS
Su*pe"ri*or*ess, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: A woman who acts as chief in a convent, abbey, or nunnery; a
lady superior.

SUPERIORITY
Su*pe`ri*or"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. supériorité, LL. superioritas.]

Defn: The quality, state, or condition of being superior; as,
superiority of rank; superiority in merit.

Syn.
 -- Preëminence; excellence; predominancy; prevalence; ascendency;
odds; advantage.

SUPERIORLY
Su*pe"ri*or*ly, adv.

Defn: In a superior position or manner.

SUPERJACENT
Su`per*ja"cent, a. Etym: [L. superjacens, p.pr. of superjacere; super
above + jacere to lie.]

Defn: Situated immediately above; as, superjacent rocks.

SUPERLATION
Su`per*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. superlatio. See Superlative.]

Defn: Exaltation of anything beyond truth or propriety. [Obs.] B.
Jonson.

SUPERLATIVE
Su`per*la"tive, a. Etym: [L. superlativus, fr. superlatus excessive,
used as p.p. of superiorferre, but from a different root: cf. F.
superlatif. See Elate, Tolerate.]

1. Lifted up to the highest degree; most eminent; surpassing all
other; supreme; as, superlative wisdom or prudence; a woman of
superlative beauty; the superlative glory of the divine character.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Expressing the highest or lowest degree of the quality, manner,
etc., denoted by an adjective or an adverb. The superlative degree is
formed from the positive by the use of -est, most, or least; as,
highest, most pleasant, least bright.
 -- Su`per*la"tive*ly, adv.
 -- Su`per*la"tive*ness, n.

SUPERLATIVE
Su`per*la"tive, n.

1. That which is highest or most eminent; the utmost degree.

2. (Gram.)
(a) The superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs; also, a form or
word by which the superlative degree is expressed; as, strongest,
wisest, most stormy, least windy, are all superlatives. Absolute
superlative, a superlative in an absolute rather than in a
comparative or exclusive sense. See Elative.

SUPERLUCRATION
Su`per*lu*cra"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. super- + L. lucratio gain.]

Defn: Excessive or extraordinary gain. [Obs.] Davenant.

SUPERLUNAR; SUPERLUNARY
Su`per*lu"nar, Su`per*lu"na*ry, a.

Defn: Being above the moon; not belonging to this world; -- opposed
to sublunary.
The head that turns at superlunar things. Pope.

SUPERMAN
Su"per*man`, n.

Defn: = Overman, above.

SUPERMATERIAL
Su`per*ma*te"ri*al, a.

Defn: Being above, or superior to, matter.

SUPERMAXILLA
Su`per*max*il"la, n. Etym: [NL. See Super-, and Maxilla.] (Anat.)

Defn: The supermaxilla.

SUPERMAXILLARY
Su`per*max"il*la*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Supermaxillary.

SUPERMEDIAL
Su`per*me"di*al, a.

Defn: Above the middle.

SUPERMUNDANE
Su`per*mun"dane, a.

Defn: Being above the world; -- opposed to inframundane. Cudworth.

SUPERMUNDIAL
Su`per*mun"di*al, a.

Defn: Supermundane. [Obs.]

SUPERNACULAR
Su`per*nac"u*lar, a.

Defn: Like supernaculum; first-rate; as, a supernacular wine. [R.]
Thackeray.

SUPERNACULUM
Su`per*nac"u*lum, adv. & n. Etym: [NL., from L. super over + G.
nagel, a nail, as of the finger, or a corruption of L. super and
ungulam claw.]

1. A kind of mock Latin term intended to mean, upon the nail; -- used
formerly by topers. Nares.
Drinking super nagulum [supernaculum], a device of drinking, new come
out of France, which is, after a man hath turned up the bottom of the
cup, to drop it on his nail and make a pearl with that is left; which
if it slide, and he can not make it stand on by reason there is too
much, he must drink again for his penance. Nash.

2. Good liquor, of which not enough is left to wet one's nail. Grose.

SUPERNAL
Su*per"nal, a. Etym: [L. supernus, from super above: cf. F. supernel.
See Super-.]

1. Being in a higher place or region; locally higher; as, the
supernal orbs; supernal regions. "That supernal judge." Shak.

2. Relating or belonging to things above; celestial; heavenly; as,
supernal grace.
Not by the sufferance of supernal power. Milton.

SUPERNATANT
Su`per*na"tant, a. Etym: [L. supernatanus, p.pr. of supernatare to
swim above; super above + natare to swim.]

Defn: Swimming above; floating on the surface; as, oil supernatant on
water. SUPERNATANT
Su`per*na"tant, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The liquid remaining after solids suspended in a liquid have
been sedimented by gravity or by centrifugation. Contrasted with the
solid sediment, or (in centrifugation) the pellet.

SUPERNATATION
Su`per*na*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of floating on the surface of a fluid. Sir T. Browne.

SUPERNATURAL
Su`per*nat"u*ral, a. Etym: [Pref. super- + natural: cf. OF.
supernaturel, F. surnaturel.]

Defn: Being beyond, or exceeding, the power or laws of nature;
miraculous.

Syn.
 -- Preternatural.
 -- Supernatural, Preternatural. Preternatural signifies beside
nature, and supernatural, above or beyond nature. What is very
greatly aside from the ordinary course of things is preternatural;
what is above or beyond the established laws of the universe is
supernatural. The dark day which terrified all Europe nearly a
century ago was preternatural; the resurrection of the dead is
supernatural. "That form which the earth is under at present is
preternatural, like a statue made and broken again." T. Burnet.
"Cures wrought by medicines are natural operations; but the
miraculous ones wrought by Christ and his apostles were
supernatural." Boyle.
That is supernatural, whether it be, that is either not in the chain
of natural cause and effect, or which acts on the chain of cause and
effect in nature, from without the chain. Bushnell.
We must not view creation as supernatural, but we do look upon it as
miraculous. McCosh.
The supernatural, whatever is above and beyond the scope, or the
established course, of the laws of nature. "Nature and the
supernatural." H. Bushnell.

SUPERNATURALISM
Su`per*nat"u*ral*ism, n.

1. The quality or state of being supernatural; supernaturalness.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine of a divine and supernatural agency in the
production of the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and
in the grace which renews and sanctifies men, -- in opposition to the
doctrine which denies the agency of any other than physical or
natural causes in the case. [Written also supranaturalism.]

SUPERNATURALIST
Su`per*nat"u*ral*ist, n.

Defn: One who holds to the principles of supernaturalism.

SUPERNATURALISTIC
Su`per*nat`u*ral*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to supernaturalism.

SUPERNATURALITY
Su`per*nat`u*ral"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being supernatural.

SUPERNATURALIZE
Su`per*nat"u*ral*ize, v. t.

Defn: To treat or regard as supernatural.

SUPERNATURALLY
Su`per*nat"u*ral*ly, adv.

Defn: In a supernatural manner.

SUPERNATURALNESS
Su`per*nat"u*ral*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being supernatural.

SUPERNUMERARY
Su`per*nu"mer*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. supernumerarius: cf. OF.
supernuméraire, F. surnuméraire. See Super-, and Numerary, Number.]

1. Exceeding the number stated or prescribed; as, a supernumerary
officer in a regiment.

2. Exceeding a necessary, usual, or required number or quality;
superfluous; as, supernumerary addresses; supernumerary expense.
Addison.

SUPERNUMERARY
Su`per*nu"mer*a*ry, n.; pl. Supernumeraries (.

1. A person or thing beyond the number stated.

2. A person or thing beyond what is necessary or usual; especially, a
person employed not for regular service, but only to fill the place
of another in case of need; specifically, in theaters, a person who
is not a regular actor, but is employed to appear in a stage
spectacle.

SUPEROCCIPITAL
Su`per*oc*cip"i*tal, a.

Defn: Supraoccipital.

SUPERORDER
Su`per*or"der, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group intermediate in importance between an order and a
subclass.

SUPERORDINATION
Su`per*or`di*na"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. super- + ordination: cf. L.
superordinatio.]

Defn: The ordination of a person to fill a station already occupied;
especially, the ordination by an ecclesiastical official, during his
lifetime, of his successor. Fuller.

SUPEROXIDE
Su`per*ox"ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Peroxide. [Obs.]

SUPERPARTICULAR
Su`per*par*tic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. superparticularis. See Super-, and
Particular.] (Math.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a ratio when the excess of the greater term
over the less is a unit, as the ratio of 1 to 2, or of 3 to 4. [Obs.]
Hutton.

SUPERPARTIENT
Su`per*par"tient, a. Etym: [L. superpartiens; super over + partiens,
p.pr. of partire to divide.] (Math.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a ratio when the excess of the greater term
over the less is more than a unit, as that of 3 to 5, or 7 to 10.
[Obs.] Hutton.

SUPERPHOSPHATE
Su`per*phos"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An acid phosphate. Superphosphate of lime (Com. Chem.), a
fertilizer obtained by trating bone dust, bone black, or phosphorite
with sulphuric acid, whereby the insoluble neutral calcium phosphate,
Ca3(PO4)2, is changed to the primary or acid calcium phosphate
Ca(H2PO4)2, which is soluble and therefore available for the soil.

SUPERPHYSICAL
Su`per*phys"ic*al, a.

Defn: Above or beyond physics; not explainable by physical laws.
Something superphysical and superchemical. J. Le Conte.

SUPERPLANT
Su"per*plant`, n.

Defn: A plant growing on another, as the mistletoe; an epiphyte.
[Obs.] Bacon.

SUPERPLEASE
Su`per*please", v. t.

Defn: To please exceedingly. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SUPERPLUS
Su"per*plus, n. Etym: [Pref. super- + L. plus more. See Surplus.]

Defn: Surplus. [Obs.] Goldsmith.

SUPERPLUSAGE
Su"per*plus`age, n.

Defn: Surplusage. [Obs.] "There yet remained a superplusage." Bp.
Fell.

SUPERPOLITIC
Su`per*pol"i*tic, a.

Defn: More than politic; above or exceeding policy. Milton.

SUPERPONDERATE
Su`per*pon"der*ate, v. t.

Defn: To wiegh over and above. [Obs.]

SUPERPOSABLE
Su`per*pos"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being superposed, as one figure upon another.

SUPERPOSE
Su`per*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superposed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Superposing.] Etym: [F. superposer. See Super-, and Pose.]

1. To lay upon, as one kind of rock on another.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: To lay (a figure) upon another in such a manner that all the
parts of the one coincide with the parts of the other; as, to
superpose one plane figure on another.

SUPERPOSITION
Su`per*po*si"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. superposition. See Super-, and
Position.]

Defn: The act of superposing, or the state of being superposed; as,
the superposition of rocks; the superposition of one plane figure on
another, in geometry.

SUPERPRAISE
Su`per*praise", v. t.

Defn: To praise to excess.
To vow, and swear, and superpraise my parts. Shak.

SUPERPROPORTION
Su`per*pro*por"tion, n.

Defn: Overplus or excess of proportion. Sir K. Digby.

SUPERPURGATION
Su`per*pur*ga"tion, n.

Defn: Excessive purgation. Wiseman.

SUPERREFLECTION
Su`per*re*flec"tion, n.

Defn: The reflection of a reflected image or sound. [R.] Bacon.

SUPERREGAL
Su`per*re"gal, a.

Defn: More than regal; worthy of one greater than a king. Waterland.

SUPERREWARD
Su`per*re*ward", v. t.

Defn: To reward to an excessive degree. Bacon.

SUPERROYAL
Su`per*roy"al, a.

Defn: Larger than royal; -- said of a particular size of printing and
writing paper. See the Note under Paper, n.

SUPERSACRAL
Su`per*sa"cral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated over, or on the dorsal side of, the sacrum.

SUPERSALIENCY
Su`per*sa"li*en*cy, n.

Defn: The act of leaping on anything. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SUPERSALIENT
Su`per*sa"li*ent, a. Etym: [Pref. super- + L. saliens p.pr. of salire
to leap.]

Defn: Leaping upon. [Obs.]

SUPERSALT
Su`per*salt", n. (Chem.)

Defn: An acid salt. See Acid salt (a), under Salt, n.

SUPERSATURATE
Su`per*sat"u*rate, v. t.

Defn: To add to beyond saturation; as, to supersaturate a solution.

SUPERSATURATION
Su`per*sat`u*ra"tion, n.

Defn: The operation of supersaturating, or the state of being
supersaturated.

SUPERSCRIBE
Su`per*scribe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superscribed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Superscribing.] Etym: [L. superscribere, superscriptum; super over +
scribere to write. See Super-, and Scribe.]

Defn: To write or engrave (a name, address, inscription, or the like)
on the top or surface; to write a name, address, or the like, on the
outside or cover of (anything); as, to superscribe a letter.

SUPERSCRIPT
Su"per*script, n.

Defn: Superscription. [Obs.] "I will overglance the superscript."
Shak.

SUPERSCRIPTION
Su`per*scrip"tion, n. Etym: [L. superscriptio. See Superscribe.]

1. The act of superscribing.

2. That which is written or engraved on the surface, outside, or
above something else; specifically, an address on a letter, envelope,
or the like. Holland.
The superscription of his accusation was written over, The King of
the Jews. Mark xv. 26.

3. (Pharm.)

Defn: That part of a prescription which contains the Latin word
recipe (Take) or the sign

SUPERSECULAR
Su`per*sec"u*lar, a.

Defn: Being above the world, or secular things. Bp. Hall.

SUPERSEDE
Su`per*sede", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superseded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Superseding.] Etym: [L. supersedere, supersessum, to sit above, be
superior to, forbear, omit; super above + sedere to sit: cf. F.
superséder. See Sit, and cf. Surcease.]

1. To come, or be placed, in the room of; to replace.

2. To displace, or set aside, and put another in place of; as, to
supersede an officer.

3. To make void, inefficacious, or useless, by superior power, or by
coming in the place of; to set aside; to render unnecessary; to
suspend; to stay.
Nothing is supposed that can supersede the known laws of natural
motion. Bentley.

4. (Old Law)

Defn: To omit; to forbear.

SUPERSEDEAS
Su`per*se"de*as, n. Etym: [L., suspend, set aside, stay, 2d pers.
sing. present subjunctive of supersedere. See Supersede.] (Law)

Defn: A writ of command to suspend the powers of an officer in
certain cases, or to stay proceedings under another writ. Blackstone.

SUPERSEDURE
Su*per*se"dure, n.

Defn: The act of superseding, or setting aside; supersession; as, the
supersedure of trial by jury. A. Hamilton.

SUPERSEMINATE
Su`per*sem"i*nate, v. t.

Defn: To sow, as seed, over something previously sown. [Obs.]
That can not be done with joy, when it shall be indifferent to any
man to superseminate what he please. Jer. Taylor.

SUPERSEMINATION
Su`per*sem`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: The sowing of seed over seed previously sown. [Obs.] Abp.
Bramhall.

SUPERSENSIBLE
Su`per*sen"si*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. super- + sensible: cf. F.
supersensible.]

Defn: Beyond the reach of the senses; above the natural powers of
perception.

SUPERSENSITIVE
Su`per*sen"si*tive, a.

Defn: Excessively sensitive; morbidly sensitive.
 -- Su`per*sen"si*tive*ness, n.

SUPERSENSUAL
Su`per*sen"su*al, a.

Defn: Supersensible.

SUPERSENSUOUS
Su`per*sen"su*ous, a.

1. Supersensible.

2. Excessively sensuous.

SUPERSERVICEABLE
Su`per*serv"ice*a*ble, a.

Defn: Overofficious; doing more than is required or desired. "A
superserviceable, finical rogue." Shak.

SUPERSESSION
Su`per*ses"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. supersession. See Supersede.]

Defn: The act of superseding, or the state of being superseded;
supersedure.
The general law of diminishing return from land would have undergone,
to that extent, a temporary supersession. J. S. Mill.

SUPERSOLAR
Su`per*so"lar, a.

Defn: Above the sun. Emerson.

SUPERSPHENOIDAL
Su`per*sphe*noid"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above, or on the dorsal side of, the body of the
sphenoid bone.

SUPERSPINOUS
Su`per*spi"nous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Supraspinuos.

SUPERSTITION
Su`per*sti"tion, n. Etym: [F. superstition, L. superstitio,
originally, a standing still over or by a thing; hence, amazement,
wonder, dread, especially of the divine or supernatural, fr.
superstare to stand over; super over + stare to stand. See Super-,
and Stand.]

1. An excessive reverence for, or fear of, that which is unknown or
mysterious.

2. An ignorant or irrational worship of the Supreme Deity; excessive
exactness or rigor in religious opinions or practice; extreme and
unnecessary scruples in the observance of religious rites not
commanded, or of points of minor importance; also, a rite or practice
proceeding from excess of sculptures in religion.
And the truth With superstitions and traditions taint. Milton.

3. The worship of a false god or gods; false religion; religious
veneration for objects.
[The accusers] had certain questions against him of their own
superstition. Acts xxv. 19.

4. Belief in the direct agency of superior powers in certain
extraordinary or singular events, or in magic, omens, prognostics, or
the like.

5. Excessive nicety; scrupulous exactness.

Syn.
 -- Fanaticism.
 -- Superstition, Fanaticism. Superstition springs from religious
feeling misdirected or unenlightened. Fanaticism arises from this
same feeling in a state of high-wrought and self-confident
excitement. The former leads in some cases to excessive rigor in
religious opinions or practice; in others, to unfounded belief in
extraordinary events or in charms, omens, and prognostics, hence
producing weak fears, or excessive scrupulosity as to outward
observances. The latter gives rise to an utter disregard of reason
under the false assumption of enjoying a guidance directly inspired.
Fanaticism has a secondary sense as applied to politics, etc., which
corresponds to the primary.

SUPERSTITIONIST
Su`per*sti"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One addicted to superstition. [Obs.] "Blind superstitionists."
Dr. H. More.

SUPERSTITIOUS
Su`per*sti"tious, a. Etym: [F. superstitieux, L. superstitiosus.]

1. Of or pertaining to superstition; proceeding from, or manifesting,
superstition; as, superstitious rites; superstitious observances.

2. Evincing superstition; overscrupulous and rigid in religious
observances; addicted to superstition; full of idle fancies and
scruples in regard to religion.
Ye men of Athens, I perceive that in all things ye are too
superstitious. Acts xvii. 22.

3. Overexact; scrupulous beyond need. Superstitious use (Law), the
use of a gift or bequest, as of land, etc., for the maintenance of
the rites of a religion not tolerated by the law. [Eng.] Mozley & W.
 -- Su`per*sti"tious*ly, adv.
 -- Su`per*sti"tious*ness, n.

SUPERSTRAIN
Su`per*strain", v. t.

Defn: To overstrain. Bacon.

SUPERSTRATUM
Su`per*stra"tum, n.; pl. Superstrata (. Etym: [NL.: cf. L.
supersternere, superstratum, to spread upon. See Super-, and
Stratum.]

Defn: A stratum, or layer, above another.

SUPERSTRUCT
Su`per*struct", v. t. Etym: [L. superstructus, p.p. of superstruere
to build upon; super over + struere to build. See Super-, and
Structure.]

Defn: To build over or upon another structure; to erect upon a
foundation.
This is the only proper basis on which to superstruct first innocency
and then virtue. Dr. H. More.

SUPERSTRUCTION
Su`per*struc"tion, n.

1. The act of superstructing, or building upon.

2. That which id superstructed, or built upon some foundation; an
edifice; a superstructure.
My own profession hath taught me not to erect new superstructions
upon an old ruin. Denham.

SUPERSTRUCTIVE
Su`per*struct"ive, a.

Defn: Built or erected on something else. Hammond.

SUPERSTRUCTOR
Su`per*struct"or, n.

Defn: One who builds a superstructure. [R.] R. North.

SUPERSTRUCTURE
Su`per*struc"ture, n. Etym: [Cf. F. superstructure.]

1. Any material structure or edifice built on something else; that
which is raised on a foundation or basis; esp. (Arch.),

Defn: all that part of a building above the basement. Also used
figuratively.
You have added to your natural endowments the superstructure of
study. Dryden.

2. (Railway Engin.)

Defn: The sleepers, and fastenings, in distinction from the roadbed.

SUPERSUBSTANTIAL
Su`per*sub*stan"tial, a. Etym: [Pref. super- + substantial: cf. F.
supersubstantiel.]

Defn: More than substantial; spiritual. "The heavenly
supersubstantial bread." Jer. Taylor.

SUPERSUBTLE
Su`per*sub"tle, a.

Defn: To subtle. Shak.

SUPERSULPHATE
Su`per*sul"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An acid sulphate. [Obs.]

SUPERSULPHURETED
Su`per*sul"phu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Supersulphurized. [Obs.] [Written also -sulphuretted.]

SUPERSULPHURIZE
Su`per*sul"phur*ize, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To impregnate or combine with an excess of sulphur.

SUPERTAX
Su"per*tax`, n.  [Super- + tax.]

Defn: A tax in addition to the usual or normal tax; specif., in the
United Kingdom, an income tax of sixpence for every pound in addition
to the normal income tax of one shilling and twopence for every
pound, imposed, by the Finance Act of 1909-1910 (c. 8, ss 66, 72), on
the amount by which the  income of any person exceeds £3,000 when his
total income exceeds £5,000.

SUPERTEMPORAL
Su`per*tem"po*ral, n.

Defn: That which is more than temporal; that which is eternal. [R.]

SUPERTERRANEAN
Su`per*ter*ra"ne*an, a.

Defn: Being above ground. "Superterranean quarries." Mrs. Trollope.

SUPERTERRENE
Su`per*ter*rene", a. Etym: [Pref. super- + terrene: cf. L.
superterrenus.]

Defn: Being above ground, or above the earth. [R.]

SUPERTERRESTRIAL
Su`per*ter*res"tri*al, a.

Defn: Being above the earth, or above what belongs to the earth.
Buckminster.

SUPERTONIC
Su`per*ton"ic, n. (Mus.)

Defn: The note next above the keynote; the second of the scale.
Busby.

SUPERTRAGICAL
Su`per*trag"ic*al, a.

Defn: Tragical to excess.

SUPERTUBERATION
Su`per*tu`ber*a"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. super- + tuber.] (Bot.)

Defn: The production of young tubers, as potatoes, from the old while
still growing.

SUPERVACANEOUS
Su`per*va*ca"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. supervacaneus, supervacuus; super
over + vacuus empty.]

Defn: Serving no purpose; superfluous; needless. [Obs.] Howell.

SUPERVENE
Su`per*vene", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Supervened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Supervening.] Etym: [L. supervenire, superventum, to come over, to
come upon; super over + venire to come. See Super-, and Come, and cf.
Overcome.]

Defn: To come as something additional or extraneous; to occur with
reference or relation to something else; to happen upon or after
something else; to be added; to take place; to happen.
Such a mutual gravitation can never supervene to matter unless
impressed by divine power. Bentley.
A tyrany immediately supervened. Burke.

SUPERVENIENT
Su`per*ven"ient, a. Etym: [L. superveniens, p.pr.]

Defn: Coming as something additional or extraneous; coming
afterwards.
That branch of belief was in him supervenient to Christian practice.
Hammond.
Divorces can be granted, a mensa et toro, only for supervenient
causes. Z. Swift.

SUPERVENTION
Su`per*ven"tion, n. Etym: [L. superventio.]

Defn: The act of supervening. Bp. Hall.

SUPERVISAL
Su`per*vis"al, n.

Defn: Supervision. Walpole.

SUPERVISE
Su`per*vise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supervised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Supervising.] Etym: [Pref. super- + L. visere to look at attentively,
to view, surely, intens. from videre, visum, to see. Cf. Survise, and
Survey.]

1. To oversee for direction; to superintend; to inspect with
authority; as, to supervise the construction of a steam engine, or
the printing of a book.

2. To look over so as to read; to peruse. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- See Superintend.

SUPERVISE
Su`per*vise", n.

Defn: Supervision; inspection. [Obs.]

SUPERVISION
Su`per*vi"sion, n.

Defn: The act of overseeing; inspection; superintendence; oversight.

SUPERVISIVE
Su`per*vi"sive, a.

Defn: Supervisory. [R.]

SUPERVISOR
Su`per*vis"or, n.

1. One who supervises; an overseer; an inspector; a superintendent;
as, a supervisor of schools.

2. A spectator; a looker-on. [Obs.] Shak.

SUPERVISORY
Su`per*vi"so*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to supervision; as, supervisory powers.

SUPERVIVE
Su`per*vive", v. t. Etym: [L. supervivere. See Survive.]

Defn: To survive; to outlive. [Obs.]

SUPERVOLUTE
Su`per*vo*lute", a. Etym: [L. supervolutus, p.p. of supervolvere to
roll over; super over + volvere to roll.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having a plainted and convolute arrangement in the bud, as in
the morning-glory.

SUPINATION
Su`pi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. supinare, supinatum, to bend or lay
backward, fr. supinus supine: cf. F. supination. See Supine.]
(Physiol.)
(a) The act of turning the hand palm upward; also, position of the
hand with the palm upward.
(b) The act or state of lying with the face upward. Opposed to Ant:
pronation.

SUPINATOR
Su`pi*na"tor, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which produces the motion of supination.

SUPINE
Su*pine", a. Etym: [L. supinus, akin to sub under, super above. Cf.
Sub-, Super-.]

1. Lying on the back, or with the face upward; -- opposed to prone.

2. Leaning backward, or inclining with exposure to the sun; sloping;
inclined.
If the vine On rising ground be placed, or hills supine. Dryden.

3. Negligent; heedless; indolent; listless.
He became pusillanimous and supine, and openly exposed to any
temptation. Woodward.

Syn.
 -- Negligent; heedless; indolent; thoughtless; inattentive;
listless; careless; drowsy.
 -- Su*pine"ly, adv.
 -- Su*pine"ness, n.

SUPINE
Su"pine, n. Etym: [L. supinum (sc. verbum), from supinus bent or
thrown backward, perhaps so called because, although furnished with
substantive case endings, it rests or falls back, as it were, on the
verb: cf. F. supin.] (Lat. Gram.)

Defn: A verbal noun; or (according to C.F.Becker), a case of the
infinitive mood ending in -um and -u, that in -um being sometimes
called the former supine, and that in -u the latter supine.

SUPINITY
Su*pin"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. supinitas.]

Defn: Supineness. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SUPPAGE
Sup"page, n. Etym: [From Sup.]

Defn: What may be supped; pottage. [Obs.] Hooker.

SUPPALPATION
Sup`pal*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. suppalpari to caress a little; sub
under, a little + palpare to caress.]

Defn: The act of enticing by soft words; enticement. [Obs.]

SUPPARASITATION
Sup*par`a*si*ta"tion, n. Etym: [See Supparasite.]

Defn: The act of flattering to gain favor; servile approbation.
[Obs.] Bp. Hall.

SUPPARASITE
Sup*par"a*site, v. t. Etym: [L. supparasitari; sub under, a little +
parasitus a parasite.]

Defn: To flatter; to cajole; to act the parasite. [Obs.] Dr. R.
Clerke.

SUPPAWN
Sup*pawn", n.

Defn: See Supawn.

SUPPEDANEOUS
Sup`pe*da"ne*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. pes, pedis, a foot: cf.
L. suppedaneum a footstool.]

Defn: Being under the feet. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SUPPEDITATE
Sup*ped"i*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. suppeditatus, p.p. of suppeditare to
supply.]

Defn: To supply; to furnish. [Obs.] Hammond.

SUPPEDITATION
Sup*ped`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. suppeditatio.]

Defn: Supply; aid afforded. [Obs.] Bacon.

SUPPER
Sup"per, n. Etym: [OE. soper, super, OF. super, soper, F. souper;
originally an infinitive, to sup, take a meal. See Soup, and cf. Sup
to take supper.]

Defn: A meal taken at the close of the day; the evening meal.

Note: Supper is much used in an obvious sense, either adjectively or
as the first part of a compound; as, supper time or supper-time,
supper bell, supper hour, etc.

SUPPER
Sup"per, v. i.

Defn: To take supper; to sup. [R.]

SUPPER
Sup"per, v. t.

Defn: To supply with supper. [R.] "Kester was suppering the horses."
Mrs. Gaskell.

SUPPERLESS
Sup"per*less, a.

Defn: Having no supper; deprived of supper; as, to go supperless to
bed. Beau. & Fl.

SUPPING
Sup"ping, n.

1. The act of one who sups; the act of taking supper.

2. That which is supped; broth. [Obs.] Holland.

SUPPLACE
Sup*place", v. t.

Defn: To replace. [R.] J. Bascom.

SUPPLANT
Sup*plant", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supplanted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Supplanting.] Etym: [F. supplanter, L. supplantare to trip up one's
heels, to throw down; sub under + planta the sole of the foot, also,
a sucker, slip, sprout. Cf. Plant, n.]

1. To trip up. [Obs.] "Supplanted, down he fell." Milton.

2. To remove or displace by stratagem; to displace and take the place
of; to supersede; as, a rival supplants another in the favor of a
mistress or a prince.
Suspecting that the courtier had supplanted the friend. Bp. Fell.

3. To overthrow, undermine, or force away, in order to get a
substitute in place of.
You never will supplant the received ideas of God. Landor.

Syn.
 -- To remove; displace; overpower; undermine; overthrow; supersede.

SUPPLANTATION
Sup`plan*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. supplantation, L. supplantatio
hypocritical deceit.]

Defn: The act of supplanting or displacing.
Habitual supplantation of immediate selfishness. Cloeridge.

SUPPLANTER
Sup*plan"ter, n.

Defn: One who supplants.

SUPPLE
Sup"ple, a. Etym: [OE. souple, F. souple, from L. supplex suppliant,
perhaps originally, being the knees. Cf. Supplicate.]

1. Pliant; flexible; easily bent; as, supple joints; supple fingers.

2. Yielding compliant; not obstinate; submissive to guidance; as, a
supple horse.
If punishment . . . makes not the will supple, it hardens the
offender. Locke.

3. Bending to the humor of others; flattering; fawning; obsequious.
Addison.

Syn.
 -- Pliant; flexible; yielding; compliant; bending; flattering;
fawning; soft.

SUPPLE
Sup"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suppled; p. pr. & vb. n. Suppling.]

1. To make soft and pliant; to render flexible; as, to supple
leather.
The flesh therewith she suppled and did steep. Spenser.

2. To make compliant, submissive, or obedient.
A mother persisting till she had bent her daughter's mind and suppled
her will. Locke.
They should supple our stiff willfulness. Barrow.

SUPPLE
Sup"ple, v. i.

Defn: To become soft and pliant.
The stones . . . Suppled into softness as they fell. Dryden.

SUPPLE-CHAPPED
Sup"ple-chapped`, a.

Defn: Having a limber tongue. [R.] "A supple-chapped flatterer."
Marston.

SUPPLE-JACK
Sup"ple-jack`, n. (Bot.)
(a) A climbing shrub (Berchemia volubilus) of the Southern United
States, having a tough and pliable stem.
(b) A somewhat similar tropical American plant (Paullinia
Curassavica); also, a walking stick made from its stem.
He was in form and spirit like a supple-jack, . . . yielding, but
tough; though he bent, he never broke. W. Irving.

Note: This name is given to various plants of similar habit in
different British colonies.

SUPPLELY
Sup"ple*ly, adv.

Defn: In a supple manner; softly; pliantly; mildly. Cotgrave.

SUPPLEMENT
Sup"ple*ment, n. Etym: [F. supplément, L. supplementum, fr. supplere
to fill up. See Supply, v. t.]

1. That which supplies a deficiency, or meets a want; a store; a
supply. [Obs.] Chapman.

2. That which fills up, completes, or makes an addition to, something
already organized, arranged, or set apart; specifically, a part added
to, or issued as a continuation of, a book or paper, to make good its
deficiencies or correct its errors.

3. (Trig.)

Defn: The number of degrees which, if added to a specified arc, make
it 180°; the quantity by which an arc or an angle falls short of 180
degrees, or an arc falls short of a semicircle.

Syn.
 -- Appendix.
 -- Appendix, Supplement. An appendix is that which is appended to
something, but is not essential to its completeness; a supplement is
that which supplements, or serves to complete or make perfect, that
to which it is added.

SUPPLEMENT
Sup"ple*ment, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supplemented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Supplementing.]

Defn: To fill up or supply by addition; to add something to.
Causes of one kind must be supplemented by bringing to bear upon them
a causation of another kind. I. Taylor.

SUPPLEMENTAL; SUPPLEMENTARY
Sup`ple*men"tal, Sup`ple*men"ta*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. supplémentaire.]

Defn: Added to supply what is wanted; additional; being, or serving
as, a supplement; as, a supplemental law; a supplementary sheet or
volume. Supplemental air (Physiol.), the air which in addition to the
residual air remains in the lungs after ordinary expiration, but
which, unlike the residual air, can be expelled; reserve air.
 -- Supplemental bill (Equity), a bill filed in aid of an original
bill to supply some deffect in the latter, or to set forth new facts
which can not be done by amendment. Burrill. Daniel.
 -- Supplementary chords (Math.), in an ellipse or hyperbola, any two
chords drawn through the extremities of a diameter, and intersecting
on the curve.

SUPPLEMENTATION
Sup`ple*men*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of supplementing. C. Kingsley.

SUPPLENESS
Sup"ple*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being supple; flexibility; pliableness;
pliancy.

SUPPLETIVE; SUPPLETORY
Sup"ple*tive, Sup"ple*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. supplétif, LL.
suppletivus, from L. supplere, suppletum, to fill up. See Supply.]

Defn: Supplying deficiencies; supplementary; as, a suppletory oath.

SUPPLETORY
Sup"ple*to*ry, n.; pl. Suppletories (.

Defn: That which is to supply what is wanted.
Invent suppletories to excuse an evil man. Jer. Taylor.

SUPPLIAL
Sup*pli"al, n.

Defn: The act of supplying; a supply. "The supplial of a
preposition." Fitzed. Hall.

SUPPLIANCE
Sup*pli"ance, n. Etym: [From Supply.]

Defn: That which supplies a want; assistance; a gratification;
satisfaction. [R.]
The perfume and suppliance of a minute. Shak.

SUPPLIANCE
Sup*pli"ance, n. Etym: [See Suppliant.]

Defn: Supplication; entreaty.
When Greece her knee in suppliance bent. Halleck.

SUPPLIANT
Sup"pli*ant, a. Etym: [F., p.pr. of supplier to entreat, L.
supplicare. See Supplicate, and cf. Supplicant.]

1. Asking earnestly and submissively; entreating; beseeching;
supplicating.
The rich grow suppliant, and the poor grow proud. Dryden.

2. Manifesting entreaty; expressive of supplication.
To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Entreating; beseeching; suing; begging; supplicating; imploring.
 -- Sup"pli*ant*ly, adv.
 -- Sup"pli*ant*ness, n.

SUPPLIANT
Sup"pli*ant, n.

Defn: One who supplicates; a humble petitioner; one who entreats
submissively.
Hear thy suppliant's prayer. Dryden.

SUPPLICANCY
Sup"pli*can*cy, n.

Defn: Supplication. [R.]

SUPPLICANT
Sup"pli*cant, a. Etym: [L. supplicans, p.pr. See Supplicate, and cf.
Suppliant.]

Defn: Entreating; asking submissively. Shak.
 -- Sup"pli*cant*ly, adv.

SUPPLICANT
Sup"pli*cant, n.

Defn: One who supplicates; a suppliant.
The wise supplicant . . . left the event to God. Rogers.

SUPPLICAT
Sup"pli*cat, n. Etym: [L., he supplicates.] (Eng. Universities)

Defn: A petition; esp., a written one, with a certificate that the
conditions have been complied with.

SUPPLICATE
Sup"pli*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supplicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Supplicating.] Etym: [L. supplicatus, p.p. of supplicare to
supplicate; of uncertain origin, cf. supplex, supplicis, humbly
begging or entreating; perhaps fr. sub under + a word akin to placare
to reconcile, appease (cf. Placable), or fr. sub under + plicare to
fold, whence the idea of bending the knees (cf. Ply, v. t.). Cf.
Supple.]

1. To entreat for; to seek by earnest prayer; to ask for earnestly
and humbly; as, to supplicate blessings on Christian efforts to
spread the gospel.

2. To address in prayer; to entreat as a supplicant; as, to
supplicate the Deity.

Syn.
 -- To beseech; entreat; beg; petition; implore; importune; solicit;
crave. See Beseech.

SUPPLICATE
Sup"pli*cate, v. i.

Defn: To make petition with earnestness and submission; to implore.
A man can not brook to supplicate or beg. Bacon.

SUPPLICATINGLY
Sup"pli*ca`ting*ly, adv.

Defn: In a supplicating manner.

SUPPLICATION
Sup`pli*ca"tion, n. Etym: [F. supplication, L. supplicatio.]

1. The act of supplicating; humble and earnest prayer, as in worship.

2. A humble petition; an earnest request; an entreaty.

3. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A religious solemnity observed in consequence of some military
success, and also, in times of distress and danger, to avert the
anger of the gods.

Syn.
 -- Entreaty; petition; solicitation; craving.

SUPPLICATOR
Sup"pli*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who supplicates; a supplicant.

SUPPLICATORY
Sup"pli*ca*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. supplicatoire.]

Defn: Containing supplication; humble; earnest.

SUPPLIER
Sup*pli"er, n.

Defn: One who supplies.

SUPPLY
Sup*ply", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supplied; p. pr. & vb. n. Supplying.]
Etym: [For older supploy, F. suppléer, OF. also supployer, (assumed)
LL. suppletare, from L. supplere, suppletum; sub under + plere to
fill, akin to plenus full. See Plenty.]

1. To fill up, or keep full; to furnish with what is wanted; to
afford, or furnish with, a sufficiency; as, rivers are supplied by
smaller streams; an aqueduct supplies an artificial lake; -- often
followed by with before the thing furnished; as, to supply a furnace
with fuel; to supply soldiers with ammunition.

2. To serve instead of; to take the place of.
Burning ships the banished sun supply. Waller.
The sun was set, and Vesper, to supply His absent beams, had lighted
up the sky. Dryden.

3. To fill temporarily; to serve as substitute for another in, as a
vacant place or office; to occupy; to have possession of; as, to
supply a pulpit.

4. To give; to bring or furnish; to provide; as, to supply money for
the war. Prior.

Syn.
 -- To furnish; provide; administer; minister; contribute; yield;
accommodate.

SUPPLY
Sup*ply", n.; pl. Supplies (.

1. The act of supplying; supplial. A. Tucker.

2. That which supplies a want; sufficiency of things for use or want.
Specifically: --
(a) Auxiliary troops or reënforcements. "My promised supply of
horsemen." Shak.
(b) The food, and the like, which meets the daily necessities of an
army or other large body of men; store; -- used chiefly in the
plural; as, the army was discontented for lack of supplies.
(c) An amount of money provided, as by Parliament or Congress, to
meet the annual national expenditures; generally in the plural; as,
to vote supplies.
(d) A person who fills a place for a time; one who supplies the place
of another; a substitute; esp., a clergyman who supplies a vacant
pulpit. Stated supply (Eccl.), a clergyman employed to supply a
pulpit for a definite time, but not settled as a pastor. [U.S.] --
Supply and demand. (Polit. Econ.) "Demand means the quantity of a
given article which would be taken at a given price. Supply means the
quantity of that article which could be had at that price." F. A.
Walker.

SUPPLY
Sup*ply", a.

Defn: Serving to contain, deliver, or regulate a supply of anything;
as, a supply tank or valve. Supply system (Zoöl.), the system of
tubes and canals in sponges by means of which food and water are
absorbed. See Illust. of Spongiæ.

SUPPLYANT
Sup*ply"ant, a.

Defn: Supplying or aiding; auxiliary; suppletory. [Obs.] Shak.

SUPPLYMENT
Sup*ply"ment, n.

Defn: A supplying or furnishing; supply. [Obs.] Shak.

SUPPORT
Sup*port", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supported; p. pr. & vb. n.
Supporting.] Etym: [F. supporter, L. supportare to carry on, to
convey, in LL., to support, sustain; sub under + portare to carry.
See Port demeanor.]

1. To bear by being under; to keep from falling; to uphold; to
sustain, in a literal or physical sense; to prop up; to bear the
weight of; as, a pillar supports a structure; an abutment supports an
arch; the trunk of a tree supports the branches.

2. To endure without being overcome, exhausted, or changed in
character; to sustain; as, to support pain, distress, or misfortunes.
This fierce demeanor and his insolence The patience of a god could
not support. Dryden.

3. To keep from failing or sinking; to solace under affictive
circumstances; to assist; to encourage; to defend; as, to support the
courage or spirits.

4. To assume and carry successfully, as the part of an actor; to
represent or act; to sustain; as, to support the character of King
Lear.

5. To furnish with the means of sustenance or livelihood; to
maintain; to provide for; as, to support a family; to support the
ministers of the gospel.

6. To carry on; to enable to continue; to maintain; as, to support a
war or a contest; to support an argument or a debate.

7. To verify; to make good; to substantiate; to establish; to
sustain; as, the testimony is not sufficient to support the charges;
the evidence will not support the statements or allegations.
To urge such arguments, as though they were sufficient to support and
demonstrate a whole scheme of moral philosophy. J. Edwards.

8. To vindicate; to maintain; to defend successfully; as, to be able
to support one's own cause.

9. To uphold by aid or countenance; to aid; to help; to back up; as,
to support a friend or a party; to support the present
administration.
Wherefore, bold pleasant, Darest thou support a published traitor
Shak.

10. A attend as an honorary assistant; as, a chairman supported by a
vice chairman; O'Connell left the prison, supported by his two sons.
Support arms (Mil.), a command in the manual of arms in responce to
which the piece is held vertically at the shoulder, with the hammer
resting on the left forearm, which is passed horizontally across the
body in front; also, the position assumed in response to this
command.

Syn.
 -- To maintain; endure; verify; substantiate; countenance;
patronize; help; back; second; succor; relieve; uphold; encourage;
favor; nurture; nourish; cherish; shield; defend; protect; stay;
assist; forward.

SUPPORT
Sup*port", n. Etym: [F.]

1. The act, state, or operation of supporting, upholding, or
sustaining.

2. That which upholds, sustains, or keeps from falling, as a prop, a
pillar, or a foundation of any kind.

3. That which maintains or preserves from being overcome, falling,
yielding, sinking, giving way, or the like; subsistence; maintenance;
assistance; reënforcement; as, he gave his family a good support, the
support of national credit; the assaulting column had the support of
a battery. Points of support (Arch.), the horizontal area of the
solids of a building, walls, piers, and the like, as compared with
the open or vacant spaces.
 -- Right of support (Law), an easement or servitude by which the
owner of a house has a right to rest his timber on the walls of his
neighbor's house. Kent.

Syn.
 -- Stay; prop; maintenance; subsistence; assistance; favor;
countenance; encouragement; patronage; aid; help; succor; nutriment;
sustenance; food.

SUPPORTABLE
Sup*port"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. supportable.]

Defn: Capable of being supported, maintained, or endured; endurable.
 -- Sup*port"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Sup*port"a*bly, adv.

SUPPORTANCE
Sup*port"ance, n.

Defn: Support. [Obs.] Shak.

SUPPORTATION
Sup`por*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Maintenance; support. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bacon.

SUPPORTER
Sup*port"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, supports; as, oxygen is a supporter of
life.
The sockets and supporters of flowers are figured. Bacon.
The saints have a . . . supporter in all their miseries. South.

2. Especially, an adherent; one who sustains, advocates, and defends;
as, the supporter of a party, faction, or candidate.

3. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A knee placed under the cathead.

4. (Her.)

Defn: A figure, sometimes of a man, but commonly of some animal,
placed on either side of an escutcheon, and exterior to it. Usually,
both supporters of an escutcheon are similar figures.

5. (Med.)

Defn: A broad band or truss for supporting the abdomen or some other
part or organ.

SUPPORTFUL
Sup*port"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding with support. [Obs.] Chapman.

SUPPORTLESS
Sup*port"less, a.

Defn: Having no support. Milton.

SUPPORTMENT
Sup*port"ment, n.

Defn: Support. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

SUPPORTRESS
Sup*port"ress, n.

Defn: A female supporter. [R.]
You are my gracious patroness and supportress. Massinger.

SUPPOSABLE
Sup*pos"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being supposed, or imagined to exist; as, that is
not a supposable case.
 -- Sup*pos"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Sup*pos"a*bly, adv.

SUPPOSAL
Sup*pos"al, n.

Defn: The act of supposing; also, that which is supposed;
supposition; opinion. Shak.
Interest, with a Jew, never proceeds but upon supposal, at least, of
a firm and sufficient bottom. South.

SUPPOSE
Sup*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supposed; p. pr. & vb. n. Supposing.]
Etym: [F. supposer; pref. sub- under + poser to place; --
corresponding in meaning to L. supponere, suppositum, to put under,
to substitute, falsify, counterfeit. See Pose.]

1. To represent to one's self, or state to another, not as true or
real, but as if so, and with a view to some consequence or
application which the reality would involve or admit of; to imagine
or admit to exist, for the sake of argument or illustration; to
assume to be true; as, let us suppose the earth to be the center of
the system, what would be the result
Suppose they take offence without a cause. Shak.
When we have as great assurance that a thing is, as we could
possibly, supposing it were, we ought not to make any doubt of its
existence. Tillotson.

2. To imagine; to believe; to receive as true.
How easy is a bush supposed a bear! Shak.
Let not my lord suppose that they have slain all the young men, the
king's sons; for Amnon only is dead. 2 Sam. xiii. 32.

3. To require to exist or to be true; to imply by the laws of thought
or of nature; as, purpose supposes foresight.
One falsehood always supposes another, and renders all you can say
suspected. Female Quixote.

4. To put by fraud in the place of another. [Obs.]

Syn.
 -- To imagine; believe; conclude; judge; consider; view; regard;
conjecture; assume.

SUPPOSE
Sup*pose", v. i.

Defn: To make supposition; to think; to be of opinion. Acts ii. 15.

SUPPOSE
Sup*pose", n.

Defn: Supposition. [Obs.] Shak. "A base suppose that he is honest."
Dryden.

SUPPOSEER
Sup*pose"er, n.

Defn: One who supposes.

SUPPOSITION
Sup`po*si"tion, n. Etym: [F. supposition, L. suppositio a placing
under, a substitution, fr. supponere, suppositium, to put under, to
substitute. The word has the meaning corresponding to suppose. See
Sub-, and Position.]

1. The act of supposing, laying down, imagining, or considering as
true or existing, what is known not to be true, or what is not
proved.

2. That which is supposed; hypothesis; conjecture; surmise; opinion
or belief without sufficient evidence.
This is only an infallibility upon supposition that if a thing be
true, it is imposible to be false. Tillotson.
He means are in supposition. Shak.

SUPPOSITIONAL
Sup`po*si"tion*al, a.

Defn: Resting on supposition; hypothetical; conjectural; supposed.
South.

SUPPOSITITIOUS
Sup*pos`i*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. suppositicus. See Supposition.]

1. Fraudulently substituted for something else; not being what is
purports to be; not genuine; spurious; counterfeit; as, a
supposititious child; a supposititious writing. Bacon.

2. Suppositional; hypothetical. [R.] Woodward.
 -- Sup*pos`i*ti"tious*ly, adv.
 -- Sup*pos`i*ti"tious*ness, n.

SUPPOSITIVE
Sup*pos"i*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. suppositif.]

Defn: Including or implying supposition, or hypothesis; supposed.
 -- Sup*pos"i*tive*ly, adv. Hammond.

SUPPOSITIVE
Sup*pos"i*tive, n.

Defn: A word denoting or implying supposition, as the words if,
granting, provided, etc. Harris.

SUPPOSITOR
Sup*pos"i*tor, n. (Med.)

Defn: An apparatus for the introduction of suppositories into the
rectum.

SUPPOSITORY
Sup*pos"i*to*ry, n.; pl. Suppositories. Etym: [LL. suppositorium, fr.
L. suppositorius that is placed underneath: cf. F. suppositoire. See
Supposition.] (Med.)

Defn: A pill or bolus for introduction into the rectum; esp., a
cylinder or cone of medicated cacao butter.

SUPPOSURE
Sup*po"sure, n.

Defn: Supposition; hypothesis; conjecture. [Obs.] Hudibras.

SUPPRESS
Sup*press", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suppressed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Suppressing.] Etym: [L. suppressus, p.p. of supprimere to suppress;
sub under + premere, pressum, to press. See Sub-, and Press.]

1. To overpower and crush; to subdue; to put down; to quell.
Every rebellion, when it is suppressed, doth make the subject weaker,
and the prince stronger. Sir J. Davies.

2. To keep in; to restrain from utterance or vent; as, to suppress
the voice; to suppress a smile. Sir W. Scott.

3. To retain without disclosure; to conceal; not to reveal; to
prevent publication of; as, to suppress evidence; to suppress a
pamphlet; to suppress the truth.
She suppresses the name, and this keeps him in a pleasing suspense.
Broome.

4. To stop; to restrain; to arrest the discharges of; as, to suppress
a diarrhea, or a hemorrhage.

Syn.
 -- To repress; restrain; put down; overthrow; overpower; overwhelm;
conceal; stifle; stop; smother.

SUPPRESSIBLE
Sup*press"i*ble, a.

Defn: That may be suppressed.

SUPPRESSION
Sup*pres"sion, n. Etym: [L. suppressio: cf. F. suppression.]

1. The act of suppressing, or the state of being suppressed;
repression; as, the suppression of a riot, insurrection, or tumult;
the suppression of truth, of reports, of evidence, and the like.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Complete stoppage of a natural secretion or excretion; as,
suppression of urine; -- used in contradiction to retention, which
signifies that the secretion or excretion is retained without
expulsion. Quain.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: Omission; as, the suppression of a word.

Syn.
 -- Overthrow; destruction; concealment; repression; detention;
retention; obstruction.

SUPPRESSIVE
Sup*press"ive, a.

Defn: Tending to suppress; subduing; concealing.

SUPPRESSOR
Sup*press"or, n. Etym: [L., hider.]

Defn: One who suppresses.

SUPPRISE
Sup*prise", v. t.

Defn: To surprise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SUPPURANT
Sup"pu*rant, n. (Med.)

Defn: A suppurative.

SUPPURATE
Sup"pu*rate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Suppurated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Suppurating.] Etym: [L. suppuratus, p.p. of suppurare to suppurate,
cause to suppurate; sub under + pus, puris, matter. See Pus.]

Defn: To generate pus; as, a boil or abscess suppurates.

SUPPURATE
Sup"pu*rate, v. t.

Defn: To cause to generate pus; as, to suppurate a sore. Arbuthnot.

SUPPURATION
Sup`pu*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. suppuratio: cf. F. suppuration.]

1. The act or process of suppurating.

2. The matter produced by suppuration; pus.

SUPPURATIVE
Sup"pu*ra*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. suppuratif.]

Defn: Tending to suppurate; promoting suppuration. Suppurative fever
(Med.), pyæmia.

SUPPURATIVE
Sup"pu*ra*tive, n. (Med.)

Defn: A suppurative medicine.

SUPPUTATE
Sup"pu*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. supputatus, p.p. of supputare. See
Suppute.]

Defn: To suppute. [Obs.]

SUPPUTATION
Sup`pu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. supputatio: cf. F. supputation.]

Defn: Reckoning; account. [Obs.]

SUPPUTE
Sup*pute", v. t. Etym: [F. supputer, or L. supputare; sub under +
putare to reckon.]

Defn: To reckon; to compute; to suppose; to impute. [Obs.] Drayton.

SUPRA
Su"pra, adv. Etym: [L.; akin to super. See Super-.]

Defn: Over; above; before; also, beyond; besides; -- much used as a
prefix.

SUPRA-ACROMIAL
Su`pra-a*cro"mi*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above the acromial process of the scapula.

SUPRA-ANGULAR
Su`pra-an"gu*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: See Surangular.

SUPRA-AURICULAR
Su`pra-au*ric"u*lar, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated above the ear coverts, or auriculars; -- said of
certain feathers of birds.
 -- n.

Defn: A supra-auricular feather.

SUPRA-AXILLARY
Su"pra-ax"il*la*ry, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing above the axil; inserted above the axil, as a peduncle.
See Suprafoliaceous.

SUPRABRANCHIAL
Su`pra*bran"chi*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated above the branchiæ; -- applied especially to the upper
division of the gill cavity of bivalve mollusks.

SUPRACHOROID; SUPRACHOROIDAL
Su`pra*cho"roid, Su`pra*cho*roid"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above the choroid; -- applied to the layer of the
choroid coat of the eyeball next to the sclerotic.

SUPRACILIARY
Su`pra*cil"i*a*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Superciliary.

SUPRACLAVICLE
Su`pra*clav"i*cle, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A bone which usually connects the clavicle with the post-
temporal in the pectorial arch of fishes.

SUPRACLAVICULAR
Su`pra*cla*vic"u*lar, a. (Anat.)
(a) Situated above the clavicle.
(b) Of or pertaining to the supraclavicle.

SUPRACONDYLAR; SUPRACONDYLOID
Su`pra*con"dy*lar, Su`pra*con"dy*loid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above a condyle or condyles.

SUPRACOSTAL
Su`pra*cos"tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above, or on the outside of, the ribs.

SUPRACRANIAL
Su`pra*cra"ni*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above, or in the roof of, the cranium.

SUPRACRETACEOUS
Su`pra*cre*ta"ceous, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Lying above the chalk; Supercretaceous.

SUPRADECOMPOUND
Su`pra*de*com"pound, a. (Bot.)

Defn: More than decompound; divided many times.

SUPRA-ESOPHAGAL; SUPRA-ESOPHAGEAL
Su`pra-e*soph"a*gal, Su`pra-e`so*phag"e*al, a. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated above, or on the dorsal side of, the esophagus; as,
the supra-esophageal ganglion of Crustacea. [Written also supra-
oesophagal, and supra-oesophageal.]

SUPRA-ETHMOID
Su`pra-eth"moid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Above, or on the dorsal side of, the ethmoid bone or cartilage.

SUPRAFOLIACEOUS
Su`pra*fo`li*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Inserted into the stem above the leaf, petiole, or axil, as a
peduncle or flower.

SUPRAGLOTIC
Su`pra*glot"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above the glottis; -- applied to that part of the
cavity of the larynx above the true vocal cords.

SUPRAHEPATIC
Su`pra*he*pat"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated over, or on the dorsal side of, the liver; -- applied
to the branches of the hepatic veins.

SUPRAHYOID
Su`pra*hy"oid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Hyomental.

SUPRA-ILIUM
Su`pra-il"i*um, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The cartilaginous cap at the sacral end of the ilium of some
animals.

SUPRALAPSARIAN
Su`pra*lap*sa"ri*an, n. Etym: [Supra- + lapse: cf. F. supralapsaire.]
(Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of that class of Calvinists who believed that God's decree
of election determined that man should fall, in order that the
opportunity might be furnished of securing the redemption of a part
of the race, the decree of salvation being conceived of as formed
before or beyond, and not after or following, the lapse, or fall. Cf.
Infralapsarian.

SUPRALAPSARIAN
Su`pra*lap*sa"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Supralapsarians, or their doctrine.

SUPRALAPSARIANISM
Su`pra*lap*sa"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine, belief, or principles of the Supralapsarians.

SUPRALAPSARY
Su`pra*lap"sa*ry, a.

Defn: Supralapsarian.

SUPRALAPSARY
Su`pra*lap"sa*ry, n.

Defn: A Supralapsarian.

SUPRALORAL
Su`pra*lo"ral, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated above the lores; as, the supraloral feathers of a
bird.
 -- n.

Defn: A supraloral feather.

SUPRALUNAR; SUPRALUNARY
Su`pra*lu"nar, Su`pra*lu"na*ry, a.

Defn: Beyond the moon; hence, very lofty.

SUPRAMAXILLA
Su`pra*max"il*la, n.; pl. Supramaxillæ (. (Anat.)

Defn: The upper jaw or maxilla.

SUPRAMAXILLARY
Su`pra*max"il*la*ry, a. (Anat.)
(a) Situated over the lower jaw; as, the supramaxillary nerve.
(b) Of or pertaining to the upper jaw.

SUPRAMUNDANE
Su`pra*mun"dane, a.

Defn: Being or situated above the world or above our system;
celestial.

SUPRANATURALISM
Su`pra*nat"u*ral*ism, n.

Defn: The state of being supernatural; belief in supernatural agency
or revelation; supernaturalism.

SUPRANATURALIST
Su`pra*nat"u*ral*ist, n.

Defn: A supernaturalist.

SUPRANATURALIST; SUPRANATURALISTIC
Su`pra*nat"u*ral*ist, Su`pra*nat`u*ral*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to supernaturalism; supernaturalistic.

SUPRAOCCIPITAL
Su`pra*oc*cip"i*tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated over, or in the upper part of, the occiput; of or
pertaining to the supraoccipital bone.
 -- n.

Defn: The supraoccipital bone. Supraoccipital bone (Anat.), a bone on
the dorsal side of the great foramen of the skull, usually forming a
part of the occipital in the adult, but distinct in the young.

SUPRAOCULAR
Su`pra*oc"u*lar, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Above the eyes; -- said of certain scales of fishes and
reptiles.

SUPRA-OESOPHAGAL
Su`pra-oe*soph"a*gal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: See Supra-esophagal.

SUPRAORBITAL; SUPRAORBITAR
Su`pra*or"bit*al, Su`pra*or"bit*ar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above the orbit of the eye. Supraorbital point
(Anat.), the middle point of the supraorbital line, which is a line
drawn across the narrowest part of the forehead, separating the face
from the cranium; the ophryon.

SUPRAPEDAL
Su*prap"e*dal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated above the foot of a mollusk; as, the suprapedal gland.

SUPRAPROTEST
Su`pra*pro"test, n. (Mercantile Law)

Defn: An acceptance of a bill by a third person after protest for
nonacceptance by the drawee. Burrill.

SUPRAPUBIAN; SUPRAPUBIC
Su`pra*pu"bi*an, Su`pra*pu"bic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above, or anterior to, the pubic bone.

SUPRARENAL
Su`pra*re"nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above, or anterior to, the kidneys.
 -- n.

Defn: A suprarenal capsule. Suprarenal capsules (Anat.), two small
bodies of unknown function in front of, or near, the kidneys in most
vertebrates. Also called renal capsules, and suprarenal bodies.

SUPRASCALPULAR; SUPRASCALPULARY
Su`pra*scalp"u*lar, Su`pra*scalp"u*la*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above, or on the anterior side of, the scapula.

SUPRASPHENOIDAL
Su`pra*sphe*noid"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above the sphenoidal bone; as, the suprasphenoidal
appendage, or pituitary body.

SUPRASPINAL
Su`pra*spi"nal, a. (Anat.)
(a) Situated above the vertebral column.
(b) Situated above a spine or spines; supraspinate; supraspinous.

SUPRASPINATE; SUPRASPINOUS
Su`pra*spi"nate, Su`pra*spi"nous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above a spine or spines; especially, situated above,
or on the dorsal side of, the neural spines of the vertebral column,
or above, or in front of, the spine of the scapula.

SUPRASTAPEDIAL
Su`pra*sta*pe"di*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, that part of the columella
of the ear which projects above the connection with the stapes, as in
many animals.
 -- n.

Defn: The suprastapedial part of the columella.

SUPRASTERNAL
Su`pra*ster"nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above, or anterior to, the sternum.

SUPRATEMPORAL
Su`pra*tem"po*ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above the temporal bone or temporal fossa.
 -- n.

Defn: A supratemporal bone.

SUPRATROCHLEAR
Su`pra*troch"le*ar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated over or above a trochlea or trochlear surface; --
applied esp. to one of the subdivisions of the trigeminal nerve.

SUPRAVAGINAL
Su`pra*vag"i*nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above or outside a sheath or vaginal membrane.

SUPRAVISION
Su`pra*vi"sion, n.

Defn: Supervision. [Obs.]

SUPRAVISOR
Su`pra*vis"or, n.

Defn: A supervisor. [Obs.]

SUPRAVULGAR
Su`pra*vul"gar, a.

Defn: Being above the vulgar or common people. [R.] Collier.

SUPREMACY
Su*prem"a*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. suprématie. See Supreme.]

Defn: The state of being supreme, or in the highest station of power;
highest or supreme authority or power; as, the supremacy of a king or
a parliament.
The usurped power of the pope being destroyed, the crown was restored
to its supremacy over spiritual men and causes. Blackstone.
Oath supremacy, an oath which acknowledges the supremacy of the
sovereign in spiritual affairs, and renounced or abjures the
supremacy of the pope in ecclesiastical or temporal affairs. [Eng.]
Brande & C.

SUPREME
Su*preme", a. Etym: [L. supremus, superlative of superus that is
above, upper, fr. super above: cf. F. suprême. See Super-, and cf.
Sum.]

1. Highest in authority; holding the highest place in authority,
government, or power.
He that is the supreme King of kings. Shak.

2. Highest; greatest; most excellent or most extreme; utmost;
greatist possible (sometimes in a bad sense); as, supreme love;
supreme glory; supreme magnanimity; supreme folly.
Each would be supreme within its own sphere, and those spheres could
not but clash. De Quincey.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Situated at the highest part or point. The Supreme, the
Almighty; God.

SUPREMELY
Su*preme"ly, adv.

Defn: In a supreme manner.

SUPREMITY
Su*prem"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. supremitas.]

Defn: Supremacy. [Obs.] Fuller.

SUR-
Sur-. Etym: [F. sur over, above, contr. fr. L. super, supra. See
Super-.]

Defn: A prefix signifying over, above, beyond, upon.

SURA
Su"ra, n. Etym: [Ar., a step, a degree.]

Defn: One of the sections or chapters of the Koran, which are one
hundred and fourteen in number.

SURADANNI
Su`ra*dan"ni, n.

Defn: A valuable kind of wood obtained on the shores of the Demerara
River in South America, much used for timbers, rails, naves and
fellies of wheels, and the like.

SURADDITION
Sur`ad*di"tion, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Something added or appended, as to a name. [Obs.] Shak.

SURAH
Su"rah, n.

Defn: A soft twilled silk fabric much used for women's dresses; --
called also surah silk.

SURAL
Su"ral, a. Etym: [L. sura the calf of the leg: cf. F. sural.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the calf of the leg; as, the sural
arteries.

SURANCE
Sur"ance, n.

Defn: Assurance. [Obs.] Shak.

SURANGULAR
Sur*an"gu*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. sur- + angular.] (Anat.)

Defn: Above the angular bone; supra-angular; -- applied to a bone of
the lower jaw in many reptiles and birds.
 -- n.

Defn: The surangular bone.

SURBASE
Sur"base`, n. Etym: [Pref. sur- + base.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A cornice, or series of moldings, on the top of the base of a
pedestal, podium, etc. See Illust. of Column.

2. A board or group of moldings running round a room on a level with
the tops of the chair backs. Knight.

SURBASED
Sur"based`, a. (Arch.)
(a) Having a surbase, or molding above the base. (b) Etym: [F.
surbaissé.]

Defn: Having the vertical height from springing line to crown less
than the half span; -- said of an arch; as, a segmental arch is
surbased.

SURBATE
Sur*bate", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surbated; p. pr. & vb. n. Surbating.]
Etym: [F. solbatu, p.p., bruised (said of a horse's foot); sole a
sole (of a horse's foot) + battu, p.p. of battre to beat.]

1. To make sore or bruise, as the feet by travel. [Obs.]
Lest they their fins should bruise, and surbate sore Their tender
feet upon the stony ground. Spenser.
Chalky land surbates and spoils oxen's feet. Mortimer.

2. To harass; to fatigue. [Obs.] Clarendon.

SURBEAT
Sur*beat", v. t.

Defn: Same as Surbate. [Obs.]

SURBED
Sur*bed", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surbedded; p. pr. & vb. n. Surbedding.]
Etym: [Pref. sur- + bed.]

Defn: To set edgewise, as a stone; that is, to set it in a position
different from that which it had in the quarry.
It . . . has something of a grain parallel with the horizon, and
therefore should not be surbedded. Gilbert White.

SURBET
Sur*bet", v. t.

Defn: Same as Surbate. [Obs.]

SURBET
Sur*bet", a.

Defn: Surbated; bruised. [Obs.] Spenser.

SURCEASE
Sur*cease", n. Etym: [F. sursis, from sursis, p.p. of surseoir to
suspend, postpone, defer, in OF., to delay, refrain from, forbear, L.
supersedere. Surcease is not connected with E. cease. See Supersede.]

Defn: Cessation; stop; end. "Not desire, but its surcease."
Longfellow.
It is time that there were an end and surcease made of this immodest
and deformed manner of writing. Bacon.

SURCEASE
Sur*cease", v. t.

Defn: To cause to cease; to end. [Obs.] "The waves . . . their range
surceast." Spenser.
The nations, overawed, surceased the fight. Dryden.

SURCEASE
Sur*cease", v. i.

Defn: To cease. [Obs.]

SURCEASEANCE
Sur*cease"ance, n.

Defn: Cessation. [Obs.]

SURCHARGE
Sur*charge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surcharged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Surcharging.] Etym: [F. surcharger. See Sur-, and Charge, and cf.
Overcharge, Supercharge, Supercargo.]

1. To overload; to overburden; to overmatch; to overcharge; as, to
surcharge a beast or a ship; to surcharge a cannon.
Four charged two, and two surcharged one. Spenser.
Your head reclined, as hiding grief from view, Droops like a rose
surcharged with morning dew. Dryden.

2. (Law)
(a) To overstock; especially, to put more cattle into, as a common,
than the person has a right to do, or more than the herbage will
sustain. Blackstone.
(b) (Equity) To show an omission in (an account) for which credit
ought to have been given. Story. Daniel.

SURCHARGE
Sur*charge", n. Etym: [F.]

1. An overcharge; an excessive load or burden; a load greater than
can well be borne.
A numerous nobility causeth poverty and inconvenience in a state, for
it is surcharge of expense. Bacon.

2. (Law)
(a) The putting, by a commoner, of more beasts on the common than he
has a right to.
(b) (Equity) The showing an omission, as in an account, for which
credit ought to have been given. Burrill.

SURCHARGEMENT
Sur*charge"ment, n.

Defn: The act of surcharging; also, surcharge, surplus. [Obs.]
Daniel.

SURCHARGER
Sur*char"ger, n.

Defn: One who surcharges.

SURCINGLE
Sur"cin`gle, n. Etym: [OE. sursengle, OF. sursangle. See Sur-, and
Cingle, Shingles.]

1. A belt, band, or girth which passes over a saddle, or over
anything laid on a horse's back, to bind it fast.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: The girdle of a cassock, by which it is fastened round the
waist.

SURCINGLED
Sur"cin`gled, a.

Defn: Bound with the surcingle.

SURCLE
Sur"cle, n. Etym: [L. surculus.]

Defn: A little shoot; a twig; a sucker. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SURCLOY
Sur"cloy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surcloyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Surcloying.]

Defn: To surfeit. [Obs.]

SURCOAT
Sur"coat`, n. Etym: [OE. surcote, OF. surcote. See Sur-, and Coat,
and cf. Overcoat.]

1. A coat worn over the other garments; especially, the long and
flowing garment of knights, worn over the armor, and frequently
emblazoned with the arms of the wearer.
A long surcoat of pers upon he had.. Chaucer.
At night, or in the rain, He dons a surcoat which he doffs at morn.
Emerson.

2. A name given to the outer garment of either sex at different
epochs of the Middle Ages.

SURCREW
Sur"crew`, n. Etym: [From F. surcroît increase, or surcrû, p.p. of
surcroître to overgrow.]

Defn: Increase; addition; surplus. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

SURCULATE
Sur"cu*late, v. t. Etym: [L. surculatus, p.p. of surculare to purne,
from surculus a shoot, sprout. See Surcle.]

Defn: To purne; to trim. [Obs.] Cockeram.

SURCULATION
Sur`cu*la"tion, n.

Defn: Act of purning. [Obs.]

SURCULOSE
Sur"cu*lose`, a. Etym: [CF. L. sucrulosus woody. See Surcle.] (Bot.)

Defn: Producing suckers, or shoots resembling suckers.

SURD
Surd, a. Etym: [L. surdus deaf (whence the meaning, deaf to reason,
irrational), perhaps akin to E. swart. Cf. Sordine.]

1. Net having the sense of hearing; deaf. [Obs.] "A surd . . .
generation." Sir T. Browne.

2. Unheard. [Obs.] Kenrick.

3. (Math.)

Defn: Involving surds; not capable of being expressed in rational
numbers; radical; irrational; as, a surd expression or quantity; a
surd number.

4. (Phonetics)

Defn: Uttered, as an element of speech, without tone, or proper vocal
sound; voiceless; unintonated; nonvocal; atonic; whispered;
aspirated; sharp; hard, as f, p, s, etc.; -- opposed to sonant. See
Guide to Pronunciation, §§169, 179, 180.

SURD
Surd, n. (Math.)

1. A quantity which can not be expressed by rational numbers; thus,
*2 is a surd.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: A surd element of speech. See Surd, a., 4.

SURDAL
Surd"al, a. (Math.)

Defn: Same as Surd, a., 3.

SURDINY
Surd"i*ny, n.

Defn: A sardine. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

SURDITY
Surd"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. surditas.]

Defn: Deafness. [Obs.]

SURE
Sure, a. [Compar. Surer; superl. Surest.] Etym: [OE. sur, OF. seür,
F. sûr, L. securus; se aside, without + cura care. See Secure, and
cf. Assure, Insure, Sicker sure.]

1. Certainly knowing and believing; confident beyond doubt; implicity
trusting; unquestioning; positive.
We are sure that the judgment of God is according to truth against
them which commit such things. Rom. ii. 2.
I'm sure care 's an enemy of life. Shak.

2. Certain to find or retain; as, to be sure of game; to be sure of
success; to be sure of life or health.

3. Fit or worthy to be depended on; certain not to fail or disappoint
expectation; unfailing; strong; permanent; enduring. "His sure word."
Keble.
The Lord will certainly make my lord a sure house; because my lord
fighteth the battles of the Lord. 1 Sam. xxv. 28.
The testimony of the Lord is sure. Ps. xix. 7.
Which put in good sure leather sacks. Chapman.

4. Betrothed; engaged to marry. [Obs.]
The king was sure to Dame Elizabeth Lucy, and her husband before God.
Sir T. More.
I presume . . . that you had been sure as fast as faith could bind
you, man and wife. Brome.

5. Free from danger; safe; secure.
Fear not; the forest is not three leagues off; If we recover that we
are sure enough. Shak.
-- To be sure, or Be sure, certainly; without doubt; as, Shall you do
To be sure I shall.
 -- To make sure. (a) To make certain; to secure so that there can be
no failure of the purpose or object. "Make Cato sure." Addison. "A
peace can not fail, provided we make sure of Spain." Sir W. Temple.
(b) To betroth. [Obs.]
She that's made sure to him she loves not well. Cotgrave.

Syn.
 -- Certain; unfailing; infallible; safe; firm; permanent; steady;
stable; strong; secure; indisputable; confident; positive.

SURE
Sure, adv.

Defn: In a sure manner; safely; certainly. "Great, sure, shall be thy
meed." Spenser.
'T is pleasant, sure, to see one's name in print. Byron.

SURE-FOOTED
Sure"-foot`ed, a.

Defn: Not liable to stumble or fall; as, a sure-footed horse.

SURELY
Sure"ly, adv.

1. In a sure or certain manner; certainly; infallibly; undoubtedly;
assuredly.
In the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die. Gen. ii.
17.
He that created something out of nothing, surely can raise great
things out of small. South.

2. Without danger; firmly; steadly; securely.
He that walketh uprightly walketh surely. Prov. x. 9.

SUREMENT
Sure"ment, n.

Defn: A making sure; surety. [Obs.]
Every surement and every bond. Chaucer.

SURENESS
Sure"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being sure; certainty.
For more sureness he repeats it. Woodward.
The law holds with equal sureness for all right action. Emerson.

SURESBY
Sures"by, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain. See Rudesby.]

Defn: One to be sure of, or to be relied on. [Obs.]
There is one which is suresby, as they say, to serve, if anything
will serve. Bradford.

SURETISHIP
Sure"ti*ship, n.

Defn: Suretyship. Prov. xi. 15.

SURETY
Sure"ty, n.; pl. Sureties. Etym: [OE. seurte, OF. seürté, F. sûreté.
See Sure, Security.]

1. The state of being sure; certainty; security.
Know of a surety, that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is
not theirs. Gen. xv. 13.
For the more surety they looked round about. Sir P. Sidney.

2. That which makes sure; that which confirms; ground of confidence
or security.
[We] our happy state Hold, as you yours, while our obedience holds;
On other surety none. Milton.

3. Security against loss or damage; security for payment, or for the
performance of some act.
There remains unpaid A hundred thousand more; in surety of the which
One part of Aquitaine is bound to us. Shak.

4. (Law)

Defn: One who is bound with and for another who is primarily liable,
and who is called the principal; one who engages to answer for
another's appearance in court, or for his payment of a debt, or for
performance of some act; a bondsman; a bail.
He that is surety for a stranger shall smart for it. Prov. xi. 15.

5. Hence, a substitute; a hostage. Cowper.

6. Evidence; confirmation; warrant. [Obs.]
She called the saints to surety, That she would never put it from her
finger, Unless she gave it to yourself. Shak.

SURETY
Sure"ty, v. t.

Defn: To act as surety for. [Obs.] Shak.

SURETYSHIP
Sure"ty*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being surety; the obligation of a person to answer
for the debt, default, or miscarriage of another. Bouvier.

SURF
Surf, n. Etym: [Formerly spelled suffe, and probably the same word as
E. sough.]

Defn: The swell of the sea which breaks upon the shore, esp. upon a
sloping beach. Surf bird (Zoöl.), a ploverlike bird of the genus
Aphriza, allied to the turnstone.
 -- Surf clam (Zoöl.), a large clam living on the open coast,
especially Mactra, or Spisula, solidissima. See Mactra.
 -- Surf duck (Zoöl.), any one of several species of sea ducks of the
genus Oidemia, especially O. percpicillata; -- called also surf
scoter. See the Note under Scoter.
 -- Surf fish (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of California
embiotocoid fishes. See Embiotocoid.
 -- Surf smelt. (Zoöl.) See Smelt.
 -- Surf whiting. (Zoöl.) See under Whiting.

SURF
Surf, n.

Defn: The bottom of a drain. [Prov. Eng.]

SURFACE
Sur"face`, n. Etym: [F. See Sur-, and Face, and cf. Superficial.]

1. The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of
the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the
outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the
surface of the body.
The bright surface of this ethereous mold. Milton.

2. Hence, outward or external appearance.
Vain and weak understandings, which penetrate no deeper than the
surface. V. Knox.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness;
superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.

4. (Fort.)

Defn: That part of the side which is terminated by the flank
prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion. Stocqueler. Caustic
surface, Heating surface, etc. See under Caustic, Heating, etc.
 -- Surface condensation, Surface condenser. See under Condensation,
and Condenser.
 -- Surface gauge (Mach.), an instrument consisting of a standard
having a flat base and carrying an adjustable pointer, for gauging
the evenness of a surface or its height, or for marking a line
parallel with a surface.
 -- Surface grub (Zoöl.), the larva of the great yellow underwing
moth (Triphoena pronuba). It is often destructive to the roots of
grasses and other plants.
 -- Surface plate (Mach.), a plate having an accurately dressed flat
surface, used as a standard of flatness by which to test other
surfaces.
 -- Surface printing, printing from a surface in relief, as from
type, in distinction from plate printing, in which the ink is
contained in engraved lines.

SURFACE
Sur"face, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surfaced; p. pr. & vb. n. Surfacing.]

1. To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or
plain surface; to make smooth or plain.

2. To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for
gold.

SURFACE LOADING
Sur"face load`ing. (Aëronautics)

Defn: The weight supported per square unit of surface; the quotient
obtained by dividing the gross weight, in pounds, of a fully loaded
flying machine, by the total area, in square feet, of its supporting
surface.

SURFACER
Sur"fa*cer, n.

Defn: A form of machine for dressing the surface of wood, metal,
stone, etc.

SURFACE TENSION
Sur"face ten"sion. (Physics)

Defn: That property, due to molecular forces, which exists in the
surface film of all liquids and tends to bring the contained volume
into a form having the least superficial area. The thickness of this
film, amounting to less than a thousandth of a millimeter, is
considered to equal the radius of the sphere of molecular action,
that is, the greatest distance at which there is cohesion between two
particles. Particles lying below this film, being equally acted on
from all sides, are in equilibrium as to forces of cohesion, but
those in the film are on the whole attracted inward, and tension
results.

SURFBOAT
Surf"boat`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A boat intended for use in heavy surf. It is built with a
pronounced sheer, and with a view to resist the shock of waves and of
contact with the beach.

SURFEIT
Sur"feit, n. Etym: [OE. surfet, OF. surfait, sorfait, excess,
arrogance, crime, fr. surfaire, sorfaire, to augment, exaggerate, F.
surfaire to overcharge; sur over + faire to make, do, L. facere. See
Sur-, and Fact.]

1. Excess in eating and drinking.
Let not Sir Surfeit sit at thy board. Piers Plowman.
Now comes the sick hour that his surfeit made. Shak.

2. Fullness and oppression of the system, occasioned often by
excessive eating and drinking.
To prevent surfeit and other diseases that are incident to those that
heat their blood by travels. Bunyan.

3. Disgust caused by excess; satiety. Sir P. Sidney.
Matter and argument have been supplied abundantly, and even to
surfeit. Burke.

SURFEIT
Sur"feit, v. i.

1. To load the stomach with food, so that sickness or uneasiness
ensues; to eat to excess.
They are as sick that surfeit with too much as they that starve with
nothing. Shak.

2. To indulge to satiety in any gratification.

SURFEIT
Sur"feit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surfeited; p. pr. & vb. n. Surfeiting.]

1. To feed so as to oppress the stomach and derange the function of
the system; to overfeed, and produce satiety, sickness, or
uneasiness; -- often reflexive; as, to surfeit one's self with
sweets.

2. To fill to satiety and disgust; to cloy; as, he surfeits us with
compliments. V. Knox.

SURFEITER
Sur"feit*er, n.

Defn: One who surfeits. Shak.

SURFEIT-WATER
Sur"feit-wa`ter, n.

Defn: Water for the cure of surfeits. [Obs.] Locke.

SURFEL; SURFLE
Sur"fel, Sur"fle, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Sulphur.]

Defn: To wash, as the face, with a cosmetic water, said by some to be
prepared from the sulphur. [Obs.]
She shall no oftener powder her hair, [or] surfel her cheeks, . . .
but she shall as often gaze on my picture. Ford.

SURFER
Surf"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The surf duck. [U. S.]

SURFMAN
Surf"man, n.; pl. Surmen (.

Defn: One who serves in a surfboat in the life-saving service.

SURFOOT
Sur"foot`, a.

Defn: Tired or sore of foot from travel; lamed. [Obs.] Nares.

SURFY
Surf"y, a.

Defn: Consisting of, abounding in, or resembling, surf; as, a surfy
shore.
Scarce had they cleared the surfy waves That foam around those
frightful caves. Moore.

SURGE
Surge, n. Etym: [L. surgere, surrectum, to raise, to rise; sub under
+ regere to direct: cf. OF. surgeon, sourgeon, fountain. See Regent,
and cf. Insurrection, Sortie, Source.]

1. A spring; a fountain. [Obs.] "Divers surges and springs of water."
Ld. Berners.

2. A large wave or billow; a great, rolling swell of water, produced
generally by a high wind.
He that doubteth is like the surge of the sea driven by the wind and
tossed. James i. 6 (Rev. Ver.)
He flies aloft, and, with impetuous roar, Pursues the foaming surges
to the shore. Dryden.

3. The motion of, or produced by, a great wave.

4. The tapered part of a windlass barrel or a capstan, upon which the
cable surges, or slips.

SURGE
Surge, v. i.

1. To swell; to rise hifg and roll.
The surging waters like a mountain rise. Spenser.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To slip along a windlass.

SURGE
Surge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surged; p. pr. & vb. n. Surging.] Etym:
[Cf. F. surgir to cast anchor, to land. Cf. Surge, n.] (Naut.)

Defn: To let go or slacken suddenly, as a rope; as, to surge a hawser
or messenger; also, to slacken the rope about (a capstan).

SURGEFUL
Surge"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding in surges; surgy. "Tossing the surgeful tides."
Drayton.

SURGELESS
Surge"less, a.

Defn: Free from surges; smooth; calm.

SURGENT
Sur"gent, a. Etym: [L. surgens, p.pr.]

Defn: Rising; swelling, as a flood. [R.] Robert Greene.

SURGEON
Sur"geon, n. Etym: [OE. surgien, OF. surgien, contr. fr. chirurgien.
See Chirurgeon.]

1. One whose profession or occupation is to cure diseases or injuries
of the body by manual operation; one whose occupation is to cure
local injuries or disorders (such as wounds, dislocations, tumors,
etc.), whether by manual operation, or by medication and
constitutional treatment.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of chætodont fishes of the family
Teuthidæ, or Acanthuridæ, which have one or two sharp lancelike
spines on each side of the base of the tail. Called also surgeon
fish, doctor fish, lancet fish, and sea surgeon. Surgeon apothecary,
one who unites the practice of surgery with that of the apothecary.
Dunglison.
 -- Surgeon dentist, a dental surgeon; a dentist.
 -- Surgeon fish. See def. 2, above.
 -- Surgeon general. (a) In the United States army, the chief of the
medical department. (b) In the British army, a surgeon ranking next
below the chief of the medical department.

SURGEONCY
Sur"geon*cy, n.

Defn: The office or employment of a surgeon, as in the naval or
military service.

SURGEONRY
Sur"geon*ry, n.

Defn: Surgery. [Obs.]

SURGERY
Sur"ge*ry, n. Etym: [OE. surgenrie, surgerie; cf. OF. cirurgie, F.
chirurgie, L. chirurgia, Gr. Surgeon.]

1. The art of healing by manual operation; that branch of medical
science which treats of manual operations for the healing of diseases
or injuries of the body; that branch of medical science which has for
its object the cure of local injuries or diseases, as wounds or
fractures, tumors, etc., whether by manual operation or by medicines
and constitutional treatment.

2. A surgeon's operating room or laboratory.

SURGICAL
Sur"gi*cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to surgeons or surgery; done by means of
surgery; used in surgery; as, a surgical operation; surgical
instruments. Surgical fever. (Med.) (a) Pyæmia. (b) Traumatic fever,
or the fever accompanying inflammation.

SURGICALLY
Sur"gi*cal*ly, adv.

Defn: By means of surgery.

SURGY
Sur"gy, a.

Defn: Rising in surges or billows; full of surges; resembling surges
in motion or appearance; swelling. "Over the surgy main." Pope.

SURICAT
Su"ri*cat, n. Etym: [F. surikate, from the native name in South
Africa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Zenick. [Written also suricate, surikate.]

SURINAM TOAD
Su`ri*nam" toad". (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of toad native of Surinam. See Pipa.

SURINTENDANT
Sur`in*tend"ant, n. Etym: [F. See Superintendent.]

Defn: Superintendent. [R.]

SURLILY
Sur"li*ly, adv.

Defn: In a surly manner.

SURLINESS
Sur"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being surly.

SURLING
Sur"ling, n. Etym: [See Surly.]

Defn: A sour, morose fellow. [Obs.] Camden.

SURLOIN
Sur"loin`, n. Etym: [F. surlonge; sur upon + longe loin. See Sur-,
and Loin.]

Defn: A loin of beef, or the upper part of the loin. See Sirloin, the
more usual, but not etymologically preferable, orthography.

SURLY
Sur"ly, a. [Compar. Surlier; superl. Surliest.] Etym: [Probably from
sir, and originally meaning, sirlike, i.e., proud. See Sir, and Like,
a.]

1. Arrogant; haughty. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

2. Gloomily morose; ill-natured, abrupt, and rude; severe; sour;
crabbed; rough; sullen; gloomy; as, a surly groom; a surly dog; surly
language; a surly look. "That surly spirit, melancholy." Shak.

3. Rough; dark; tempestuous.
Now softened into joy the surly storm. Thomson.

SURMARK
Sur"mark`, n. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A mark made on the molds of a ship, when building, to show
where the angles of the timbers are to be placed. [Written also
sirmark.]

SURMISABLE
Sur*mis"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being surmised; as, a surmisable result.

SURMISAL
Sur*mis"al, n.

Defn: Surmise. [R.] Milton.

SURMISE
Sur*mise", n. Etym: [OF. surmise accusation, fr. surmettre, p.p.
surmis, to impose, accuse; sur (see Sur-) + mettre to put, set, L.
mittere to send. See Mission.]

1. A thought, imagination, or conjecture, which is based upon feeble
or scanty evidence; suspicion; guess; as, the surmisses of jealousy
or of envy.
[We] double honor gain From his surmise proved false. Milton.
No man ought to be charged with principles he actually disowns,
unless his practicies contradict his profession; not upon small
surmises. Swift.

2. Reflection; thought. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- Conjecture; supposition; suspicion; doubt.

SURMISE
Sur*mise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surmised; p. pr. & vb. n. Surmising.]

Defn: To imagine without certain knowledge; to infer on slight
grounds; to suppose, conjecture, or suspect; to guess.
It wafted nearer yet, and then she knew That what before she but
surmised, was true. Dryden.
This change was not wrought by altering the form or position of the
earth, as was surmised by a very learned man, but by dissolving it.
Woodward.

SURMISER
Sur*mis"er, n.

Defn: One who surmises.

SURMISING
Sur*mis"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Surmise, v.

SURMOUNT
Sur*mount", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surmounted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Surmounting.] Etym: [OE. sourmounten, OF. surmonter, sormonter, F.
surmonter; sur over + monter to mount. See Sur-, and Mount, v. i.]

1. To rise above; to be higher than; to overtop.
The mountains of Olympus, Athos, and Atlas, overreach and surmount
all winds and clouds. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. To conquer; to overcome; as, to surmount difficulties or
obstacles. Macaulay.

3. To surpass; to exceed. Spenser.
What surmounts the reach Of human sense I shall delineate. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To conquer; overcome; vanquish; subdue; surpass; exceed.

SURMOUNTABLE
Sur*mount"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. surmontable.]

Defn: Capable of being surmounted or overcome; superable.
 -- Sur*mount"a*ble*ness, n.

SURMOUNTED
Sur*mount"ed, a.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: Having its vertical height greater than the half span; -- said
of an arch.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Partly covered by another charge; -- said of an ordinary or
other bearing.

SURMOUNTER
Sur*mount"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, surmounts.

SURMULLET
Sur*mul"let, n. Etym: [F. surmulet; saur, saure, brownish yellow, red
+ mulet a mullet. See Sorrel, a., and Mullet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of various species of mullets of the family Millidæ,
esp. the European species (Millus surmulletus), which is highly
prized as a food fish. See Mullet.

SURMULOT
Sur"mu*lot, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The brown, or Norway, rat.

SURNAME
Sur"name`, n. Etym: [Pref. sur + name; really a substitution for OE.
sournoun, from F. surnom. See Sur-, and Noun, Name.]

1. A name or appellation which is added to, or over and above, the
baptismal or Christian name, and becomes a family name.

Note: Surnames originally designated occupation, estate, place of
residence, or some particular thing or event that related to the
person; thus, Edmund Ironsides; Robert Smith, or the smith; William
Turner. Surnames are often also patronymics; as, John Johnson.

2. An appellation added to the original name; an agnomen. "My
surname, Coriolanus." Shak.

Note: This word has been sometimes written sirname, as if it
signified sire-name, or the name derived from one's father.

SURNAME
Sur*name", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surnamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Surnaming.]
Etym: [Cf. F. surnommer.]

Defn: To name or call by an appellation added to the original name;
to give a surname to.
Another shall subscribe with his hand unto the Lord, and surname
himself by the name of Israel. Isa. xliv. 5.
And Simon he surnamed Peter. Mark iii. 16.

SURNOMINAL
Sur*nom"i*nal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a surname or surnames.

SUROXIDATE
Sur*ox"i*date, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To combine with oxygen so as to form a suroxide or peroxide.
[Obs.]

SUROXIDE
Sur*ox"ide, n. Etym: [Cf. F. suroxyde. See Sur-, and Oxide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A peroxide. [Obs.]

SURPASS
Sur*pass", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surpassed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Surpassing.] Etym: [F. surpasser; sur over + passer to pass. See Sur-
, and Pass.]

Defn: To go beyond in anything good or bad; to exceed; to excel.
This would surpass Common revenge and interrupt his joy. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To exceed; excel; outdo; outstrip.

SURPASSABLE
Sur*pass"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be surpassed.

SURPASSING
Sur*pass"ing, a.

Defn: Eminently excellent; exceeding others. "With surpassing glory
crowned." Milton.
 -- Sur*pass"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Sur*pass"ing*ness, n.

SURPHUL
Sur"phul, v. t.

Defn: To surfel. [Obs.] Marston.

SURPLICE
Sur"plice, n. Etym: [F. surplis, OF. surpeiz, LL. superpellicium;
super over + pellicium, pelliceum, a robe of fur, L. pellicius made
of skins. See Pelisse.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A white garment worn over another dress by the clergy of the
Roman Catholic, Episcopal, and certain other churches, in some of
their ministrations. Surplice fees (Eccl.), fees paid to the English
clergy for occasional duties.

SURPLICED
Sur"pliced, a.

Defn: Wearing a surplice.

SURPLUS
Sur"plus, n. Etym: [F., fr. sur over + plus more. See Sur-, and Plus,
and cf. Superplus.]

1. That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit
is reached; excess; overplus.

2. Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time greater
than is required for the ordinary purposes of the government.

SURPLUS
Sur"plus, a.

Defn: Being or constituting a surplus; more than sufficient; as,
surplus revenues; surplus population; surplus words.
When the price of corn falleth, men give over surplus tillage, and
break no more ground. Carew.

SURPLUSAGE
Sur"plus*age, n. Etym: [See Surplus, and cf. Superplusage.]

1. Surplus; excess; overplus; as, surplusage of grain or goods beyond
what is wanted.
Take what thou please of all this surplusage. Spenser.
A surplusage given to one part is paid out of a reduction from
another part of the same creature. Emerson.

2. (Law)

Defn: Matter in pleading which is not necessary or relevant to the
case, and which may be rejected.

3. (Accounts)

Defn: A greater disbursement than the charge of the accountant
amounts to. [Obs.] Rees.

SURPRISAL
Sur*pris"al, n. Etym: [See Surprise, n.]

Defn: The act of surprising, or state of being surprised; surprise.
How to secure the lady from surprisal. Milton.
Because death is uncertain, let us prevent its surprisal. Barrow.

SURPRISE
Sur*prise", n. Etym: [F. surprise, fr. surprendre, surpris; sur over
+ prendre to take, L. prehendere. See Sur-, and Prehensile.]

1. The act of coming upon, or taking, unawares; the act of seizing
unexpectedly; surprisal; as, the fort was taken by surprise.

2. The state of being surprised, or taken unawares, by some act or
event which could not reasonably be foreseen; emotion excited by what
is sudden and strange; a suddenly excited feeling of wonder or
astonishment.
Pure surprise and fear Made me to quit the house. Shak.

3. Anything that causes such a state or emotion.

4. A dish covered with a crust of raised paste, but with no other
contents. [Obs.] King. Surprise party, a party of persons who
assemble by mutual agreement, and without invitation, at the house of
a common friend. [U.S.] Bartlett.

Syn.
 -- Wonder; astonishment; amazement.

SURPRISE
Sur*prise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surprised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Surprising.] Etym: [From Surprise, n.: cf. F. surprendre, p.p.
surpris.]

1. To come or fall suddenly and unexpectedly; to take unawares; to
seize or capture by unexpected attack.
Fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites. Isa. xxxiii. 14.
The castle of Macduff I will surprise. Shak.
Who can speak The mingled passions that surprised his heart Thomson.

2. To strike with wonder, astonishment, or confusion, by something
sudden, unexpected, or remarkable; to confound; as, his conduct
surprised me.
I am surprised with an uncouth fear. Shak.
Up he starts, Discovered and surprised. Milton.

3. To lead (one) to do suddenly and without forethought; to bring
(one) into some unexpected state; -- with into; as, to be surprised
into an indiscretion; to be surprised into generosity.

4. To hold possession of; to hold. [Obs.]
Not with me, That in my hands surprise the sovereignity. J. Webster.

Syn.
 -- See Astonish.

SURPRISEMENT
Sur*prise"ment, n.

Defn: Surprisal. [Obs.] Daniel.

SURPRISER
Sur*pris"er, n.

Defn: One who surprises.

SURPRISING
Sur*pris"ing, a.

Defn: Exciting surprise; extraordinary; of a nature to excite wonder
and astonishment; as, surprising bravery; a surprising escape from
danger.
 -- Sur*pris"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Sur*pris"ing*ness, n.

Syn.
 -- Wonderful; extraordinary; unexpected; astonishing; striking.

SURQUEDOUS; SURQUEDROUS
Sur"que*dous, Sur"que*drous, a.

Defn: Having or exhibiting surquedry; arrogant; insolent. [Obs.]
Gower. James II. of Scot.

SURQUEDRY; SURQUIDRY
Sur"que*dry, Sur"qui*dry, n. Etym: [OF. surcuidier to presume; sur
over + cuidier to think, L. cogitare. See Sur-, and Cogitate.]

Defn: Overweening pride; arrogance; presumption; insolence. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Then pay you the price of your surquedry. Spenser.

SURREBOUND
Sur`re*bound", v. i.

Defn: To give back echoes; to reëcho. [Obs.] Chapman.

SURREBUT
Sur`re*but", v. i. Etym: [Pref. sur + rebut.] (Law)

Defn: To reply, as a plaintiff to a defendant's rebutter.

SURREBUTER
Sur`re*but"er, n. (Law)

Defn: The reply of a plaintiff to a defendant's rebutter.

SURREIN
Sur"rein`, v. t. Etym: [Pref. sur + rein.]

Defn: To override; to exhaust by riding. [Obs.] Shak.

SURREJOIN
Sur`re*join", v. i. Etym: [Pref. sur + rejoin.] (Law)

Defn: To reply, as a plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder.

SURREJOINDER
Sur`re*join"der, n. (Law)

Defn: The answer of a plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder.

SURRENDER
Sur*ren"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surrendered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Surrendering.] Etym: [OF. surrendre to deliver; sur over + rendre to
render. See Sur-, and Render.]

1. To yield to the power of another; to give or deliver up possession
of (anything) upon compulsion or demand; as, to surrender one's
person to an enemy or to an officer; to surrender a fort or a ship.

2. To give up possession of; to yield; to resign; as, to surrender a
right, privilege, or advantage.
To surrender up that right which otherwise their founders might have
in them. Hooker.

3. To yield to any influence, emotion, passion, or power; -- used
reflexively; as, to surrender one's self to grief, to despair, to
indolence, or to sleep.

4. (Law)

Defn: To yield; to render or deliver up; to give up; as, a principal
surrendered by his bail, a fugitive from justice by a foreign state,
or a particular estate by the tenant thereof to him in remainder or
reversion.

SURRENDER
Sur*ren"der, v. i.

Defn: To give up one's self into the power of another; to yield; as,
the enemy, seeing no way of escape, surrendered at the first summons.

SURRENDER
Sur*ren"der, n.

1. The act of surrendering; the act of yielding, or resigning one's
person, or the possession of something, into the power of another;
as, the surrender of a castle to an enemy; the surrender of a right.
That he may secure some liberty he makes a surrender in trust of the
whole of it. Burke.

2. (Law)

Defn: The yielding of a particular estate to him who has an immediate
estate in remainder or reversion. (b) The giving up of a principal
into lawful custody by his bail. (c) The delivry up oh fugitives from
justice by one government to another, as by a foreign state. See
Extradition. Wharton.

SURRENDEREE
Sur*ren`der*ee", n. (Law)

Defn: The person to whom a surrender is made. Mozley & W.

SURRENDERER
Sur*ren"der*er, n.

Defn: One who surrenders.

SURRENDEROR
Sur*ren`der*or", n. (Law)

Defn: One who makes a surrender, as of an estate. Bouvier.

SURRENDRY
Sur*ren"dry, n.

Defn: Surrender. [Obs.]

SURREPTION
Sur*rep"tion, n. Etym: [L. surreptio, or subreptio. Cf. Subreption.]

1. The act or process of getting in a surreptitious manner, or by
craft or stealth.
Fame by surreption got May stead us for the time, but lasteth not. B.
Jonson.

2. A coming unperceived or suddenly.

SURREPTITIOUS
Sur`rep*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. surreptitius, or subreptitius, fr.
surripere, subripere, to snatch away, to withdraw privily; sub- under
+ rapere to snatch. See Sub-, and Ravish.]

Defn: Done or made by stealth, or without proper authority; made or
introduced fraudulently; clandestine; stealthy; as, a surreptitious
passage in an old manuscript; a surreptitious removal of goods.
 -- Sur`rep*ti"tious*ly, adv.

SURREY
Sur"rey, n.

Defn: A four-wheeled pleasure carriage, (commonly two-seated)
somewhat like a phaeton, but having a straight bottom.

SURROGATE
Sur"ro*gate, n. Etym: [L. surrogatus, p.p. of surrogare, subrogare,
to put in another's place, to substitute; sub under + rogare to ask,
ask for a vote, propose a law. See Rogation, and cf. Subrogate.]

1. A deputy; a delegate; a substitute.

2. The deputy of an ecclesiastical judge, most commonly of a bishop
or his chancellor, especially a deputy who grants marriage licenses.
[Eng.]

3. In some States of the United States, an officer who presides over
the probate of wills and testaments and yield the settlement of
estates.

SURROGATE
Sur"ro*gate, v. t.

Defn: To put in the place of another; to substitute. [R.] Dr. H.
More.

SURROGATESHIP
Sur"ro*gate*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a surrogate.

SURROGATION
Sur`ro*ga"tion, n. Etym: [See Surrogate, n., and cf. Subrogation.]

Defn: The act of substituting one person in the place of another.
[R.] Killingbeck.

SURROUND
Sur*round", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surrounded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Surrounding.] Etym: [OF. suronder to overflow, LL. superundare; fr.
L. super over + undare to rise in waves, overflow, fr. unda wave. The
English sense is due to the influence of E. round. See Super-, and
Undulate, and cf. Abound.]

1. To inclose on all sides; to encompass; to environ.

2. To lie or be on all sides of; to encircle; as, a wall surrounds
the city.
But could instead, and ever-during dark Surrounds me. Milton.

3. To pass around; to travel about; to circumnavigate; as, to
surround the world. [Obs.] Fuller.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: To inclose, as a body of troops, between hostile forces, so as
to cut off means of communication or retreat; to invest, as a city.

Syn.
 -- To encompass; encircle; environ; invest; hem in; fence about.

SURROUND
Sur*round", n.

Defn: A method of hunting some animals, as the buffalo, by
surrounding a herd, and driving them over a precipice, into a ravine,
etc. [U.S.] Baird.

SURROUNDING
Sur*round"ing, a.

Defn: Inclosing; encircling.

SURROUNDING
Sur*round"ing, n.

1. An encompassing.

2. pl.

Defn: The things which surround or environ; external or attending
circumstances or conditions.

SURROYAL
Sur*roy"al, n. Etym: [Pref. sur- + royal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the terminal branches or divisions of the beam of the
antler of the stag or other large deer.

SURSANURE
Sur"sa*nure, n. Etym: [(Assumed) OF. sursaneüre. See Sur-, and Sane.]

Defn: A wound healed or healing outwardly only. [Obs.]
Of a sursanure In surgery is perilous the cure. Chaucer.

SURSEANCE
Sur"se*ance, n. Etym: [OF., fr. OF. & F. surseoir. See Surcease.]

Defn: Peace; quiet. [Obs.] Bacon.

SURSOLID
Sur*sol"id, n. Etym: [F. sursolide. See Sur-, and Solid.] (Math.)

Defn: The fifth power of a number; as, a is the sursolid of a, or 32
that of 2. [R.] Hutton.

SURSTYLE
Sur*style", v. t.

Defn: To surname. [R.]

SURSUM CORDA
Sur"sum cor"da. [L. sursum upward + corda hearts.] (Eccl.)

Defn: In the Eucharist, the versicles immediately before the preface,
inviting the people to join in the service by "lifting up the heart"
to God.

SURTAX
Sur"tax, n.

Defn: An additional or extra tax.

SURTAX
Sur*tax", v. t.

Defn: To impose an additional tax on.

SURTOUT
Sur*tout", n. Etym: [F., fr. sur over + tout all.]

Defn: A man's coat to be worn over his other garments; an overcoat,
especially when long, and fitting closely like a body coat. Gay.

SURTURBRAND
Sur"tur*brand, n. Etym: [Icel. surtarbrandr; svartr black + brandr a
firebrand.]

Defn: A fibrous brown coal or bituminous wood.

SURUCUCU
Su`ru*cu"cu, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Bush master, under Bush.

SURVEILLANCE
Sur*veil"lance, n. Etym: [F., fr. surveiller to watch over; sur over
+ veiller to watch, L. vigilare. See Sur-, and Vigil.]

Defn: Oversight; watch; inspection; supervision.
That sort of surveillance of which . . . the young have accused the
old. Sir W. Scott.

SURVEILLANT
Sur*veil"lant, n.; pl. Surveillants. Etym: [F., fr. surveiller to
watch over. See Surveillance.]

Defn: One who watches over another; an overseer; a spy; a supervisor.

SURVEILLANT
Sur*veil"lant, a.

Defn: Overseeing; watchful.

SURVENE
Sur*vene", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Survened; p. pr. & vb. n. Survening.]
Etym: [F. survenir. See Supervene.]

Defn: To supervene upon; to come as an addition to. [Obs.]
A suppuration that survenes lethargies. Harvey.

SURVENUE
Sur"ve*nue, n. Etym: [OF. See Survene.]

Defn: A sudden or unexpected coming or stepping on. [Obs.]

SURVEY
Sur*vey", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surveyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Surveying.]
Etym: [OF. surveoir, surveer; sur, sor, over, E. sur + veoir, veeir,
to see, F. voir, L. videre. See Sur-, and Vision, and cf. Supervise.]

1. To inspect, or take a view of; to view with attention, as from a
high place; to overlook; as, to stand on a hill, and survey the
surrounding country.
Round he surveys and well might, where he stood, So high above.
Milton.

2. To view with a scrutinizing eye; to examine.
With such altered looks, . . . All pale and speechless, he surveyed
me round. Dryden.

3. To examine with reference to condition, situation, value, etc.; to
examine and ascertain the state of; as, to survey a building in order
to determine its value and exposure to loss by fire.

4. To determine the form, extent, position, etc., of, as a tract of
land, a coast, harbor, or the like, by means of linear and angular
measurments, and the application of the principles of geometry and
trigonometry; as, to survey land or a coast.

5. To examine and ascertain, as the boundaries and royalties of a
manor, the tenure of the tenants, and the rent and value of the same.
[Eng.] Jacob (Law Dict.).

SURVEY
Sur"vey, n. Etym: [Formerly accentuated universally on the last
syllable, and still so accented by many speakers.]

1. The act of surveying; a general view, as from above.
Under his proud survey the city lies. Sir J. Denham.

2. A particular view; an examination, especially an official
examination, of all the parts or particulars of a thing, with a
design to ascertain the condition, quantity, or quality; as, a survey
of the stores of a ship; a survey of roads and bridges; a survey of
buildings.

3. The operation of finding the contour, dimensions, position, or
other particulars of, as any part of the earth's surface, whether
land or water; also, a measured plan and description of any portion
of country, or of a road or line through it. Survey of dogs. See
Court of regard, under Regard.
 -- Trigonometrical survey, a survey of a portion of country by
measuring a single base, and connecting it with various points in the
tract surveyed by a series of triangles, the angles of which are
carefully measured, the relative positions and distances of all parts
being computed from these data.

Syn.
 -- Review; retrospect; examination; prospect.

SURVEYAL
Sur*vey"al, n.

Defn: Survey. [R.] Barrow.

SURVEYANCE
Sur*vey"ance, n.

Defn: Survey; inspection. [R.]

SURVEYING
Sur*vey"ing, n.

Defn: That branch of applied mathematics which teaches the art of
determining the area of any portion of the earth's surface, the
length and directions of the bounding lines, the contour of the
surface, etc., with an accurate delineation of the whole on paper;
the act or occupation of making surveys. Geodetic surveying, geodesy.
 -- Maritime, or Nautical, surveying, that branch of surveying which
determines the forms of coasts and harbors, the entrances of rivers,
with the position of islands, rocks, and shoals, the depth of water,
etc.
 -- Plane surveying. See under Plane, a.
 -- Topographical surveying, that branch of surveying which involves
the process of ascertaining and representing upon a plane surface the
contour, physical features, etc., of any portion of the surface of
the earth.

SURVEYOR
Sur*vey"or, n.

1. One placed to superintend others; an overseer; an inspector.
Were 't not madness then, To make the fox surveyor of the fold Shak.

2. One who views and examines for the purpose of ascertaining the
condition, quantity, or quality of anything; as, a surveyor of
highways, ordnance, etc.

3. One who surveys or measures land; one who practices the art of
surveying.

4. (Customs)
(a) An officer who ascertains the contents of casks, and the quantity
of liquors subject to duty; a gauger.
(b) In the United States, an officer whose duties include the various
measures to be taken for ascertaining the quantity, condition, and
value of merchandise brought into a port. Abbot. Surveyor general.
(a) A principal surveyor; as, the surveyor general of the king's
manors, or of woods and parks. [Eng.] (b) An officer having charge of
the survey of the public lands of a land district. [U.S.] Davies &
Peck (Math. Dict.).
 -- Surveyor's compass. See Circumferentor.
 -- Surveyor's level. See under Level.

SURVEYORSHIP
Sur*vey"or*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a surveyor.

SURVIEW
Sur*view", v. t. Etym: [Pref. sur- + view. Cf. Survey.]

Defn: To survey; to make a survey of. [Obs.] "To surview his ground."
Spenser.

SURVIEW
Sur*view", n.

Defn: A survey. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.

SURVISE
Sur*vise", v. t. Etym: [See Supervise, and Survey.]

Defn: To look over; to supervise. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SURVIVAL
Sur*viv"al, n. Etym: [From Survive.]

1. A living or continuing longer than, or beyond the existence of,
another person, thing, or event; an outliving.

2. (Arhæol. & Ethnol.)

Defn: Any habit, usage, or belief, remaining from ancient times, the
origin of which is often unknown, or imperfectly known.
The close bearing of the doctrine of survival on the study of manners
and customs. Tylor.
Survival of the fittest. (Biol.) See Natural selection, under
Natural.

SURVIVANCE; SURVIVANCY
Sur*viv"ance, Sur*viv"an*cy, n. Etym: [F. survivance.]

Defn: Survivorship. [R.]
His son had the survivance of the stadtholdership. Bp. Burnet.

SURVIVE
Sur*vive", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Survived; p. pr. & vb. n. Surviving.]
Etym: [F. survivre, L. supervivere; super over + vivere to live. See
Super-, and Victuals.]

Defn: To live beyond the life or existence of; to live longer than;
to outlive; to outlast; as, to survive a person or an event. Cowper.
I'll assure her of Her widowhood, be it that she survive me, In all
my lands and leases whatsoever. Shak.

SURVIVE
Sur*vive", v. i.

Defn: To remain alive; to continue to live.
Thy pleasure, Which, when no other enemy survives, Still conquers all
the conquerors. Sir J. Denham.
Alike are life and death, When life in death survives. Longfellow.

SURVIVENCY
Sur*viv"en*cy, n.

Defn: Survivorship. [R.]

SURVIVER
Sur*viv"er, n.

Defn: One who survives; a survivor.

SURVIVING
Sur*viv"ing, a.

Defn: Remaining alive; yet living or existing; as, surviving friends;
surviving customs.

SURVIVOR
Sur*viv"or, n.

1. One who survives or outlives another person, or any time, event,
or thing.
The survivor bound In filial obligation for some term To do
obsequious sorrow. Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: The longer liver of two joint tenants, or two persons having a
joint interest in anything. Blackstone.

SURVIVORSHIP
Sur*viv"or*ship, n.

1. The state of being a survivor.

1. (Law)

Defn: The right of a joint tenant, or other person who has a joint
interest in an estate, to take the whole estate upon the death of
other. Blackstone. Chance of survivorship, the chance that a person
of a given age has of surviving another of a giving age; thus, by the
Carlisle tables of mortality the chances of survivorship for two
persons, aged 25 and 65, are 89 and 11 respectively, or about 8 to 1
that the elder die first.

SUSCEPTIBILITY
Sus*cep`ti*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Susceptibilities. Etym: [Cf. F.
susceptibilité.]

1. The state or quality of being susceptible; the capability of
receiving impressions, or of being affected.

2. Specifically, capacity for deep feeling or emotional excitement;
sensibility, in its broadest acceptation; impressibility;
sensitiveness. Magnetic susceptibility (Physics), the intensity of
magnetization of a body placed in a uniform megnetic field of unit
strength. Sir W. Thomson.

Syn.
 -- Capability; sensibility; feeling; emotion.

SUSCEPTIBLE
Sus*cep"ti*ble, a. Etym: [F., from L. suscipere, susceptum, to take
up, to support, undertake, recognize, admit; pref. sus (see Sub-) +
capere to take. See Capable.]

1. Capable of admitting anything additional, or any change,
affection, or influence; readily acted upon; as, a body susceptible
of color or of alteration.
It sheds on souls susceptible of light, The glorious dawn of our
eternal day. Young.

2. Capable of impression; having nice sensibility; impressible;
tender; sensitive; as, children are more susceptible than adults; a
man of a susceptible heart.
Candidates are . . . not very susceptible of affronts. Cowper.
I am constitutionally susceptible of noises. Lamb.
-- Sus*cep"ti*ble*ness, n.
 -- Sus*cep"ti*bly, adv.

SUSCEPTION
Sus*cep"tion, n. Etym: [L. susceptio: cf. F. susception. See
Susceptible.]

Defn: The act of taking; reception.

SUSCEPTIVE
Sus*cep"tive, a.

Defn: Susceptible. I. Watts.
 -- Sus*cep"tive*ness, n.

SUSCEPTIVITY
Sus`cep*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capacity for receiving; susceptibility. [R.] Wollaston.

SUSCEPTOR
Sus*cep"tor, n. Etym: [L. See Susceptible.]

Defn: One who undertakes anything; specifically, a godfather; a
sponsor; a guardian. Puller. Shipley.

SUSCIPIENCY
Sus*cip"i*en*cy, n.

Defn: Admission. [R.]

SUSCIPIENT
Sus*cip"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. suscipiens, p.pr. of suscipere. See
Susceptible.]

Defn: Receiving; admitting. [R.]

SUSCIPIENT
Sus*cip"i*ent, n.

Defn: One who takes or admits; one who receives. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

SUSCITABILITY
Sus`ci*ta*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being suscitated; excitability. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SUSCITATE
Sus"ci*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suscitated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Suscitating.] Etym: [L. suscitatus, p.p. of suscitare to lift up, to
rouse; pref. sus- (see Sub-) + citare to rouse, excite. Cf. Excite,
Incite.]

Defn: To rouse; to excite; to call into life and action. [Obs.]

SUSCITATION
Sus`ci*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. suscitatio: cf. F. suscitation.]

Defn: The act of raising or exciting. [R.]
A mere suscitation or production of a thing. South.

SUSLIK
Sus"lik, n. Etym: [Russ. súslik'.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A ground squirrel (Spermophilus citillus) of Europe and Asia.
It has large cheek pouches. [Written also souslik.]

SUSPECT
Sus*pect", a. Etym: [L. suspectus, p.p. of suspicere to look up,
admire, esteem, to look at secretly or askance, to mistrust; sub
under + specere to look: cf. F. suspect suspected, suspicious. See
Spy, and cf. Suspicion.]

1. Suspicious; inspiring distrust. [Obs.]
Suspect [was] his face, suspect his word also. Chaucer.

2. Suspected; distrusted. [Obs.]
What I can do or offer is suspect. Milton.

SUSPECT
Sus*pect", n. Etym: [LL. suspectus. See Suspect, a.]

1. Suspicion. [Obs.] Chaucer.
So with suspect, with fear and grief, dismayed. Fairfax.

2. One who, or that which, is suspected; an object of suspicion; --
formerly applied to persons and things; now, only to persons
suspected of crime. Bacon.

SUSPECT
Sus*pect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suspected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Suspecting.]

1. To imagine to exist; to have a slight or vague opinion of the
existence of, without proof, and often upon weak evidence or no
evidence; to mistrust; to surmise; -- commonly used regarding
something unfavorable, hurtful, or wrong; as, to suspect the presence
of disease.
Nothing makes a man suspect much, more than to know little; and
therefore men should remedy suspicion by producing to know more.
Bacon.
From her hand I could suspect no ill. Milton.

2. To imagine to be guilty, upon slight evidence, or without proof;
as, to suspect one of equivocation.

3. To hold to be uncertain; to doubt; to mistrust; to distruct; as,
to suspect the truth of a story. Addison.

4. To look up to; to respect. [Obs.]

Syn.
 -- To mistrust; distrust; surmise; doubt.

SUSPECT
Sus*pect", v. i.

Defn: To imagine guilt; to have a suspicion or suspicions; to be
suspicious.
If I suspect without cause, why then make sport at time. Shak.

SUSPECTABLE
Sus*pect"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be suspected.

SUSPECTED
Sus*pect"ed, a.

Defn: Distrusted; doubted.
 -- Sus*pect"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Sus*pect"ed*ness, n.

SUSPECTER
Sus*pect"er, n.

Defn: One who suspects.

SUSPECTFUL
Sus*pect"ful, a.

Defn: Apt to suspect or mistrust; full of suspicion; suspicious; as,
to be suspectful of the motives of others. Milton.
 -- Sus*pect"ful*ness, n.

SUSPECTION
Sus*pec"tion, n.

Defn: Suspicion. [Obs.]

SUSPECTIOUSNESS
Sus*pec"tious*ness, n.

Defn: Suspiciousness; cause for suspicion. [Obs. & R.] Ld. Berners.

SUSPECTLESS
Sus*pect"less, a.

1. Not suspecting; having no suspicion. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.

2. Not suspected; not mistrusted. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

SUSPEND
Sus*pend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suspended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Suspending.] Etym: [F. suspendre, or OF. souspendre (where the prefix
is L. subtus below, from sub under), L. suspendere, suspensum; pref.
sus- (see Sub-) + pendere to hang. See Pedant, and cf. Suspense, n.]

1. To attach to something above; to hang; as, to suspend a ball by a
thread; to suspend a needle by a loadstone.

2. To make to depend; as, God hath suspended the promise of eternal
life on the condition of obedience and holiness of life. [Archaic]
Tillotson.

3. To cause to cease for a time; to hinder from proceeding; to
interrupt; to delay; to stay.
Suspend your indignation against my brother. Shak.
The guard nor fights nor fies; their fate so near At once suspends
their courage and their fear. Denham.

4. To hold in an undetermined or undecided state; as, to suspend
one's judgment or opinion. Locke.

5. To debar, or cause to withdraw temporarily, from any privilege,
from the execution of an office, from the enjoyment of income, etc.;
as, to suspend a student from college; to suspend a member of a club.
Good men should not be suspended from the exercise of their ministry
and deprived of their livelihood for ceremonies which are on all
hands acknowledged indifferent. Bp. Sanderson.

6. To cause to cease for a time from operation or effect; as, to
suspend the habeas corpus act; to suspend the rules of a legislative
body.

7. (Chem.)

Defn: To support in a liquid, as an insoluble powder, by stirring, to
facilitate chemical action. To suspend payment (Com.), to cease
paying debts or obligations; to fail; -- said of a merchant, a bank,
etc.

Syn.
 -- To hang; interrupt; delay; intermit; stay; hinder; debar.

SUSPEND
Sus*pend", v. i.

Defn: To cease from operation or activity; esp., to stop payment, or
be unable to meet obligations or engagements (said of a commercial
firm or a bank).

SUSPENDER
Sus*pend"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, suspends; esp., one of a pair of straps
or braces worn over the shoulders, for holding up the trousers.

SUSPENSATION
Sus`pen*sa"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. suspensatio suspension from a
charge or benefice.]

Defn: The act of suspending, or the state of being suspended,
especially for a short time; temporary suspension.

SUSPENSE
Sus*pense", a. Etym: [F. suspens, L. suspensus, p.p. of suspendere.
See Suspend.]

1. Held or lifted up; held or prevented from proceeding. [Obs.]
[The great light of day] suspense in heaven. Milton.

2. Expressing, or proceeding from, suspense or doubt. [Obs.]
"Expectation held his look suspense." Milton.

SUSPENSE
Sus*pense", n. Etym: [From F. suspens, a. See Suspense, a.]

1. The state of being suspended; specifically, a state of uncertainty
and expectation, with anxiety or apprehension; indetermination;
indecision; as, the suspense of a person waiting for the verdict of a
jury.
Ten days the prophet in suspense remained. Denham.
Upon the ticklish balance of suspense. Cowper.

2. Cessation for a time; stop; pause.
A cool suspense from pleasure and from pain. Pope.

3. Etym: [Cf. F. suspense.] (Law)

Defn: A temporary cessation of one's right; suspension, as when the
rent or other profits of land cease by unity of possession of land
and rent. Suspense account (Bookkeeping), an account in which
receipts or disbursements are temporarily entered until their proper
position in the books is determined.

SUSPENSELY
Sus*pense"ly, adv.

Defn: In suspense. [Obs.] Hales.

SUSPENSIBILITY
Sus*pen`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being suspensible.

SUSPENSIBLE
Sus*pen"si*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being suspended; capable of being held from sinking.

SUSPENSION
Sus*pen"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. suspension, L. suspensio arched work,
imperfect pronunciation. See Suspend.]

1. The act of suspending, or the state of being suspended; pendency;
as, suspension from a hook.

2. Especially, temporary delay, interruption, or cessation; as:
(a) Of labor, study, pain, etc.
(b) Of decision, determination, judgment, etc.; as, to ask a
suspension of judgment or opinion in view of evidence to be produced.
(c) Of the payment of what is due; as, the suspension of a mercantile
firm or of a bank.
(d) Of punishment, or sentence of punishment.
(e) Of a person in respect of the exercise of his office, powers,
prerogative, etc.; as, the suspension of a student or of a clergyman.
(f) Of the action or execution of law, etc.; as, the suspension of
the habeas corpus act.

3. A conditional withholding, interruption, or delay; as, the
suspension of a payment on the performance of a condition.

4. The state of a solid when its particles are mixed with, but
undissolved in, a fluid, and are capable of separation by straining;
also, any substance in this state.

5. (Rhet.)

Defn: A keeping of the hearer in doubt and in attentive expectation
of what is to follow, or of what is to be the inference or conclusion
from the arguments or observations employed.

6. (Scots Law)

Defn: A stay or postponement of execution of a sentence condemnatory
by means of letters of suspension granted on application to the lord
ordinary.

7. (Mus.)

Defn: The prolongation of one or more tones of a chord into the chord
which follows, thus producing a momentary discord, suspending the
concord which the ear expects. Cf. Retardation. Pleas in suspension
(Law), pleas which temporarily abate or suspend a suit.
 -- Points of suspension (Mech.), the points, as in the axis or beam
of a balance, at which the weights act, or from which they are
suspended.
 -- Suspension bridge, a bridge supported by chains, ropes, or wires,
which usually pass over high piers or columns at each end, and are
secured in the ground beyond.
 -- Suspension of arms (Mil.), a short truce or cessation of
operations agreed on by the commanders of contending armies, as for
burying the dead, making proposal for surrender or for peace, etc.
 -- Suspension scale, a scale in which the platform hangs suspended
from the weighing apparatus instead of resting upon it.

Syn.
 -- Delay; interruption; intermission; stop.

SUSPENSIVE
Sus*pen"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. suspensif. See Suspend.]

Defn: Tending to suspend, or to keep in suspense; causing
interruption or delay; uncertain; doubtful. "In suspensive thoughts."
Beaumont. "A suspensive veto." Macaulay.
The provisional and suspensive attitude. J. Morley.
Suspensive condition (Scots Law), a condition precedent, or a
condition without the performance of which the contract can not be
completed.

SUSPENSOR
Sus*pen"sor, n. Etym: [NL.]

1. A suspensory.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The cord which suspends the embryo; and which is attached to
the radicle in the young state; the proembryo.

SUSPENSORIUM
Sus`pen*so"ri*um, n.; pl. Suspensoria. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: Anything which suspends or holds up a part: especially, the
mandibular suspensorium (a series of bones, or of cartilages
representing them) which connects the base of the lower jaw with the
skull in most vertebrates below mammals.

SUSPENSORY
Sus*pen"so*ry, a.

1. Suspended; hanging; depending.

2. Fitted or serving to suspend; suspending; as, a suspensory muscle.
Ray.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a suspensorium.

SUSPENSORY
Sus*pen"so*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. suspensoir, suspensoire.]

Defn: That which suspends, or holds up, as a truss; specifically
(Med.),

Defn: a bandage or bag for supporting the scrotum.

SUSPICABLE
Sus"pi*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. suspacabilis, fr. suspicari to suspect,
akin to suspicere. See Suspect, v. t.]

Defn: Liable to suspicion; suspicious. [Obs.]
It is a very suspicable business. Dr. H. more.

SUSPICIENCY
Sus*pi"cien*cy, n. Etym: [From L. suspiciens, p.pr. of suspicere. See
Suspect, v. t.]

Defn: Suspiciousness; suspicion. [Obs.] Hopkins.

SUSPICION
Sus*pi"cion, n. Etym: [OE. suspecioun, OF. souspeçon, F. soupçon, L.
suspectio a looking up to, an esteeming highly, suspicion, fr.
suspicere to look up, to esteem, to mistrust. The modern form
suspicion in English and French is in imitation of L. suspicio
mistrust, suspicion. See Suspect, and cf. Suspicious.]

1. The act of suspecting; the imagination or apprehension of the
existence of something (esp. something wrong or hurtful) without
proof, or upon very slight evidence, or upon no evidence.
Suspicions among thoughts are like bats among birds, they ever fly by
twilight. Bacon.

2. Slight degree; suggestion; hint. [Colloq.]
The features are mild but expressive, with just a suspicion . . . of
saturnine or sarcastic humor. A. W. Ward.

Syn.
 -- Jealousy; distrust; mistrust; diffidence; doubt.

SUSPICION
Sus*pi"cion, v. t.

Defn: To view with suspicion; to suspect; to doubt. [Obs. or Low]
South.

SUSPICIOUS
Sus*pi"cious, a. Etym: [OE. suspecious; cf. L. suspiciosus. See
Suspicion.]

1. Inclined to suspect; given or prone to suspicion; apt to imagine
without proof.
Nature itself, after it has done an injury, will ever be suspicious;
and no man can love the person he suspects. South.
Many mischievous insects are daily at work to make men of merit
suspicious of each other. Pope.

2. Indicating suspicion, mistrust, or fear.
We have a suspicious, fearful, constrained countenance. Swift.

3. Liable to suspicion; adapted to raise suspicion; giving reason to
imagine ill; questionable; as, an author of suspicious innovations;
suspicious circumstances.
I spy a black, suspicious, threatening could. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Jealous; distrustful; mistrustful; doubtful; questionable. See
Jealous.
 -- Sus*pi"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Sus*pi"cious*ness, n.

SUSPIRAL
Sus*pir"al, n. Etym: [From Suspire.]

1. A breathing hole; a vent or ventiduct.

2. A spring of water passing under ground toward a cistern or
conduit.

SUSPIRATION
Sus`pi*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. suspiratio. See Suspire.]

Defn: The act of sighing, or fetching a long and deep breath; a deep
respiration; a sigh.
Windy suspiration of forced breath. Shak.

SUSPIRE
Sus*pire", v. i. Etym: [L. suspirare to breathe out, to sigh; sub
under + spirare to breathe: cf. F. souspirer, OF. souspirer.]

Defn: To fetch a long, deep breath; to sigh; to breathe. Shak.
Fireflies that suspire In short, soft lapses of transported flame.
Mrs. Browning.

SUSPIRE
Sus*pire", n. Etym: [Cf. L. suspirium.]

Defn: A long, deep breath; a sigh. [Obs.]

SUSPIRED
Sus*pired", a.

Defn: Ardently desired or longed for; earnestly coveted. [Obs.] Sir
H. Wotton.

SUSTAIN
Sus*tain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sustained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sustaining.] Etym: [OE. sustenen, susteinen, OF. sustenir, sostenir,
F. soutenir (the French prefix is properly fr. L. subtus below, fr.
sub under), L. sustinere; pref. sus- (see Sub-) + tenere to hold. See
Tenable, and cf. Sustenance.]

1. To keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support; as, a
foundation sustains the superstructure; a beast sustains a load; a
rope sustains a weight.
Every pillar the temple to sustain. Chaucer.

2. Hence, to keep from sinking, as in despondence, or the like; to
support.
No comfortable expectations of another life to sustain him under the
evils in this world. Tillotson.

3. To maintain; to keep alive; to support; to subsist; to nourish;
as, provisions to sustain an army.

4. To aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate. Shak.
His sons, who seek the tyrant to sustain. Dryden.

5. To endure without failing or yielding; to bear up under; as, to
sustain defeat and disappointment.

6. To suffer; to bear; to undergo.
Shall Turnus, then, such endless toil sustain Dryden.
You shall sustain more new disgraces. Shak.

7. To allow the prosecution of; to admit as valid; to sanction; to
continue; not to dismiss or abate; as, the court sustained the action
or suit.

8. To prove; to establish by evidence; to corroborate or confirm; to
be conclusive of; as, to sustain a charge, an accusation, or a
proposition.

Syn.
 -- To support; uphold; subsist; assist; relieve; suffer; undergo.

SUSTAIN
Sus*tain", n.

Defn: One who, or that which, upholds or sustains; a sustainer.
[Obs.]
I waked again, for my sustain was the Lord. Milton.

SUSTAINABLE
Sus*tain"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. soutenable, OF. soustenable.]

Defn: Capable of being sustained or maintained; as, the action is not
sustainable.

SUSTAINED
Sus*tained", a.

Defn: Held up to a certain pitch, degree, or level; uniform; as,
sustained pasion; a sustained style of writing; a sustained note in
music.

SUSTAINER
Sus*tain"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, sustains. Waterland.

SUSTAINMENT
Sus*tain"ment, n.

Defn: The act of sustaining; maintenance; support. Milton. Lowell.

SUSTALTIC
Sus*tal"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Mournful; -- said of a species of music among the ancient
Greeks. Busby.

SUSTENANCE
Sus"te*nance, n. Etym: [OF. sustenance, sostenance, soustenance: cf.
L. sustenentia endurance. See Sustain.]

1. The act of sustaining; support; maintenance; subsistence; as, the
sustenance of the body; the sustenance of life.

2. That which supports life; food; victuals; provisions; means of
living; as, the city has ample sustenance. "A man of little
sustenance." Chaucer.
For lying is thy sustenance, thy food. Milton.

SUSTENTACLE
Sus*ten"ta*cle, n. Etym: [L. sustentaculum. See Sustentation.]

Defn: Sustenance. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

SUSTENTACULAR
Sus`ten*tac"u*lar, a. Etym: [See Sustenance.] (Anat.)

Defn: Supporting; sustaining; as, a sustentacular tissue.

SUSTENTATE
Sus"ten*tate, v. t.

Defn: To sustain. [R.] C. Reade.

SUSTENTATION
Sus`ten*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. sustentatio sustenance, maintenance,
fr. sustentare to support, maintain, v. intens. fr. sustinere to
sustain: cf. F. sustentation. See Sustain.]

1. The act of sustaining, or the state of being sustained;
preservation from falling; support; sustenance; maintenance.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The aggregate of the functions by which a living organism is
maintained in a normal condition of weight and growth. Sustentation
fund (Eccl.), a fund of a religious body for support of its
ministers, chapels, etc.; as, the sustentation fund of the Free
Church of Scotland.

SUSTENTATIVE
Sus"ten*ta*tive, a.

Defn: Adapted to sustain, strengthen, or corroborate; as,
sustentative citations or quotations. Sustentative functions
(Physiol.), those functions of the body which affect its material
composition and thus determine its mass.

SUSTENTION
Sus*ten"tion, n.

Defn: Sustentation. [R. or Colloq.]
In fine images, in sustention, in irony, they surpass anything that
Burke ever wrote. J. Morley.

SUSTER; SUSTRE
Sus"ter, Sus"tre, n.; pl. Susters (, Sustres, or Sustren (.

Defn: Sister. [Obs.] Chaucer.
There are seven sustren, that serve truth ever. Piers Plowman.

SUSU
Su"su, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Soosoo.

SUSURRANT
Su*sur"rant, a. Etym: [L. susurrans, p.pr. from susurrare to
whisper.]

Defn: Whispering. [R.] "The soft susurrant sigh." Poetry of Anti-
Jacobin.

SUSURRATION
Su`sur*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. susurratio, fr. susurrare to whisper:
cf. F. susurration.]

Defn: A whispering; a soft murmur. "Soft susurrations of the trees."
Howell.

SUSURRINGLY
Su*sur"ring*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a whisper. [Obs.]

SUSURROUS
Su*sur"rous, a. Etym: [L. susurrus.]

Defn: Whispering; rustling; full of whispering sounds. [R.]

SUSURRUS
Su*sur"rus, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: The act of whispering; a whisper; a murmur. De Quincey.
The soft susurrus and sighs of the branches. Longfellow.

SUTILE
Su"tile, a. Etym: [L. sutilis, fr. suere to sew: cf. F. sutile.]

Defn: Done by stitching. [R.] Boswell.

SUTLER
Sut"ler, n. Etym: [D. zoetelaar, OD. soetelaar, a small trader,
especially in camps, fr. soetelen to undertake low offices; cf. G.
sudeln to do dirty work, to sully, soil, E. suds.]

Defn: A person who follows an army, and sells to the troops
provisions, liquors, and the like.

SUTLERSHIP
Sut"ler*ship, n.

Defn: The condition or occupation of a sutler.

SUTLING
Sut"ling, a.

Defn: Belonging to sutlers; engaged in the occupation of a sutler.
Addison.

SUTOR
Su"tor, n.

Defn: A kind of sirup made by the Indians of Arizona from the fruit
of some cactaceous plant (probably the Cereus giganteus).

SUTRA
Su"tra, n.; pl. Sutras. Etym: [Skr. s a thread, a string of rules; an
aphorism; fr. siv to sew.]

1.
(a) A precept; an aphorism; a brief rule.
(b) A collection of such aphorisms.

2. pl.

Defn: A body of Hindoo literature containing aphorisms on grammar,
meter, law, and philosophy, and forming a connecting link between the
Vedic and later Sanscrit literature. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

SUTTEE
Sut*tee", n. Etym: [Skr. sati a faithful wife, fem. of sant existing,
real, true, good, p.pr. of as to be. Cf. Sooth.]

1. A Hindoo widow who immolates herself, or is immolated, on the
funeral pile of her husband; -- so called because this act of self-
immolation is regarded as envincing excellence of wifely character.
[India]

2. The act of burning a widow on the funeral pile of her husband.
[India]

Note: The practice, though abolished in British India law in 1829, is
not wholly prevented.

SUTTEEISM
Sut*tee"ism, n.

Defn: The practice of self-immolation of widows in Hindostan.

SUTTLE
Sut"tle, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Com.)

Defn: The weight when the tare has been deducted, and tret is yet to
be allowed. M

SUTTLE
Sut"tle, v. i. Etym: [See Sutler.]

Defn: To act as sutler; to supply provisions and other articles to
troops.

SUTURAL
Su"tur*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sutural, NL. suturals.]

1. Of or pertaining to a suture, or seam.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Taking place at a suture; as, a sutural de.

SUTURALLY
Su"tur*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sutural manner.

SUTURATED
Su"tur*a`ted, a.

Defn: Sewed or knit together; united by a suture; stitched.

SUTURE
Su"ture, n. Etym: [L. sutura, fr. suere, sutum, to sew or stitch: cf.
F. suture. See Sew to unite with thread.]

1. The act of sewing; also, the line along which two things or parts
are sewed together, or are united so as to form a seam, or that which
resembles a seam.

2. (Surg.)
(a) The uniting of the parts of a wound by stitching.
(b) The stitch by which the parts are united.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The line of union, or seam, in an immovable articulation, like
those between the bones of the skull; also, such an articulation
itself; synarthrosis. See Harmonic suture, under Harmonic.

4. (Bot.)
(a) The line, or seam, formed by the union of two margins in any part
of a plant; as, the ventral suture of a legume.
(b) A line resembling a seam; as, the dorsal suture of a legume,
which really corresponds to a midrib.

5. (Zoöl.)
(a) The line at which the elytra of a beetle meet and are sometimes
confluent.
(b) A seam, or impressed line, as between the segments of a
crustacean, or between the whorls of a univalve shell. Glover's
suture, Harmonic suture, etc. See under Glover, Harmonic, etc.

SUTURED
Su"tured, a.

Defn: Having a suture or sutures; knit or united together. Pennant.

SUWARROW
Su*war"row, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The giant cactus (Cereus giganteus); -- so named by the Indians
of Arizona. Called also saguaro.

SUZERAIN
Su"ze*rain, n. Etym: [F., formed fr. sus above, L. susum, sursum (fr.
sub under + versum, p.p. of vertere to turn), after the analogy of
souverain, E. sovereign. See Sub-, and Verse.]

Defn: A superior lord, to whom fealty is due; a feudal lord; a lord
paramount.

SUZERAINTY
Su"ze*rain*ty, n. Etym: [F. suzeraineté.]

Defn: The dominion or authority of a suzerain; paramount authority.

SWA
Swa (swä), adv. Etym: [See So.]

Defn: So. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SWAB
Swab, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swabbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Swabbing.] Etym:
[See Swabber, n.]

Defn: To clean with a mop or swab; to wipe when very wet, as after
washing; as, to swab the desk of a ship. [Spelt also swob.]

SWAB
Swab, n. Etym: [Written also swob.]

1. A kind of mop for cleaning floors, the desks of vessels, etc.,
esp. one made of rope-yarns or threads.

2. A bit of sponge, cloth, or the like, fastened to a handle, for
cleansing the mouth of a sick person, applying medicaments to deep-
seated parts, etc.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: An epaulet. [Sailor's Slang] Marryat.

4. A cod, or pod, as of beans or pease. [Obs.] Bailey.

5. A sponge, or other suitable substance, attached to a long rod or
handle, for cleaning the bore of a firearm.

SWABBER
Swab"ber, v. t.

Defn: To swab. [R.]

SWABBER
Swab"ber, n. Etym: [D. zwabber; cf.D. zwabberen to swab, G.
schwabbern, Dan. svabre, Sw. svab a swab, svabla to swab.]

1. One who swabs a floor or desk. Shak.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Formerly, an interior officer on board of British ships of war,
whose business it was to see that the ship was kept clean.

3. Same as Swobber, 2.

SWAD
Swad, n. Etym: [Probably fr. AS. swe to bind.] [Written also swod.]

1. A cod, or pod, as of beans or pease. [Prov. Eng.]
Swad, in the north, is a peascod shell -- thence used for an empty,
shallow-headed fellow. Blount.

2. A clown; a country bumpkin. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "Country swains,
and silly swads." Greene.
There was one busy fellow was their leader, A blunt, squat swad, but
lower than yourself. B. Jonson.

3. A lump of mass; also, a crowd. [Low, U.S.]

4. (Coal Mining)

Defn: A thin layer of refuse at the bottom of a seam. Raymond.

SWADDLE
Swad"dle, n. Etym: [AS. swe, swe, fr. swe to bind. See Swathe.]

Defn: Anything used to swaddle with, as a cloth or band; a swaddling
band.
They put me in bed in all my swaddles. Addison.

SWADDLE
Swad"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swaddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Swaddling.]

1. To bind as with a bandage; to bind or warp tightly with clothes;
to swathe; -- used esp. of infants; as, to swaddle a baby.
They swaddled me up in my nightgown with long pieces of linen.
Addison.

2. To beat; to cudgel. [Obs.] Hudibras.

SWADDLEBILL
Swad"dle*bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The shoveler. [Local, U.S.]

SWADDLER
Swad"dler, n.

Defn: A term of contempt for an Irish Methodist. Shipley.

SWADDLING
Swad"dling, a. & n.

Defn: from Swaddle, v. Swaddling band, Swaddling cloth, or Swaddling
clout, a band or cloth wrapped round an infant, especially round a
newborn infant.
Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a
manger. Luke ii. 12.

SWAG
Swag, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Swagging.] Etym:
[Cf. Icel. sveggja, sveigja to bend, to sway, Norw. svaga to sway.
See Sway.]

1. To hang or move, as something loose and heavy; to sway; to swing.
[Prov. Eng.]

2. To sink down by its weight; to sag. Sir H. Wotton.
I swag as a fat person's belly swaggeth as he goeth. Palsgrave.

SWAG
Swag, n.

1. A swaying, irregular motion.

2. A burglar's or thief's booty; boodle. [Cant or Slang] Charles
Reade.

SWAG-BELLIED
Swag"-bel`lied, a.

Defn: Having a prominent, overhanging belly. Shak.

SWAGBELLY
Swag"bel`ly, n.

1. A prominent, overhanging belly. Smollett.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Any large tumor developed in the abdomen, and neither
fluctuating nor sonorous. Dunglison.

SWAGE
Swage, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Swaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Swaging.]
Etym: [Equiv. to suage, abbrev. fr. assuage.]

Defn: See Assuage. [Obs.]

SWAGE
Swage, n.

Defn: A tool, variously shaped or grooved on the end or face, used by
blacksmiths and other workers in metals, for shaping their work,
whether sheet metal or forging, by holding the swage upon the work,
or the work upon the swage, and striking with a sledge. Swage block,
a perforated block of iron, having grooved sides and adapted for use
in heading bolts and swaging objects of large size.

SWAGE
Swage, v. t.

Defn: To shape by means of a swage; to fashion, as a piece of iron,
by forcing it into a groove or mold having the required shape.

SWAGGER
Swag"ger, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swaggered; p. pr. & vb. n. Swaggering.]
Etym: [Freq. of swag.]

1. To walk with a swaying motion; hence, to walk and act in a
pompous, consequential manner.
A man who swaggers about London clubs. Beaconsfield.

2. To boast or brag noisily; to be ostentatiously proud or
vainglorious; to bluster; to bully.
What a pleasant it is . . . to swagger at the bar! Arbuthnot.
To be great is not . . . to swagger at our footmen. Colier.

SWAGGER
Swag"ger, v. t.

Defn: To bully. [R.] Swift.

SWAGGER
Swag"ger, n.

Defn: The act or manner of a swaggerer.
He gave a half swagger, half leer, as he stepped forth to receive us.
W. Irving.

SWAGGERER
Swag"ger*er, n.

Defn: One who swaggers; a blusterer; a bully; a boastful, noisy
fellow. Shak.

SWAGGIE
Swag"gie, n.

Defn: A swagman. [Australia]

SWAGGY
Swag"gy, a.

Defn: Inclined to swag; sinking, hanging, or leaning by its weight.
Sir T. Browne.

SWAGMAN
Swag"man, n.

Defn: A bushman carrying a swag and traveling on foot; -- called also
swagsman, swagger, and swaggie.

SWAGSMAN
Swags"man, n.

Defn: A swagman. [Australia]

SWAIN
Swain, n. Etym: [OE. swain, swein, Icel. sveinn a boy, servant; akin
to Sw. sven, Dan. svend, AS. swan, OHG. swein.]

1. A servant. [Obs.]
Him behoves serve himself that has no swain. Chaucer.

2. A young man dwelling in the country; a rustic; esp., a cuntry
gallant or lover; -- chiefly in poetry.
It were a happy life To be no better than a homely swain. Shak.
Blest swains! whose nymphs in every grace excel. Pope.

SWAINISH
Swain"ish, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a swain; rustic; ignorant. "An
ungentle and swainish beast." Milton.
 -- Swain"ish*ness, n. Emerson.

SWAINLING
Swain"ling, n.

Defn: A little swain. [R.]

SWAINMOTE
Swain"mote`, n. Etym: [Swain + mote meeting: cf. LL. swanimotum.]
(Eng. Forest Law)

Defn: A court held before the verders of the forest as judges, by the
steward of the court, thrice every year, the swains, or freeholders,
within the forest composing the jury. [Written also swanimote, and
sweinmote.] Blackstone.

SWAINSHIP
Swain"ship, n.

Defn: The condition of a swain.

SWAIP
Swaip, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Sweep.]

Defn: To walk proudly; to sweep along. [Prov. Eng.] Todd.

SWAL
Swal, obs. imp. of Swell.

Defn: Swelled. Chaucer.

SWALE
Swale, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. svalr cool, svala to cool.]

Defn: A valley or low place; a tract of low, and usually wet, land; a
moor; a fen. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]

SWALE
Swale, v. i. & t.

Defn: To melt and waste away; to singe. See Sweal, v.

SWALE
Swale, n.

Defn: A gutter in a candle. [Prov. Eng.]

SWALLET
Swal"let, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schwall a sea swell, from schwellen to
swell, E. swell.]

Defn: Water breaking in upon the miners at their work; -- so called
among tin miners. [Prov. Eng.]

SWALLOW
Swal"low, n. Etym: [OE. swalowe, AS. swalewe, swealwe; akin to D.
zwaluw, OHG. swalawa, G. schwalbe, Icel. & Sw. svala, Dan. svale.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of passerine birds of the family
Hirundinidæ, especially one of those species in which the tail is
deeply forked. They have long, pointed wings, and are noted for the
swiftness and gracefulness of their flight.

Note: The most common North American species are the barn swallow
(see under Barn), the cliff, or eaves, swallow (see under Cliff), the
white-bellied, or tree, swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), and the bank
swallow (see under Bank). The common European swallow (Chelidon
rustica), and the window swallow, or martin (Chelidon urbica), are
familiar species.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of swifts which resemble the true
swallows in form and habits, as the common American chimney swallow,
or swift.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The aperture in a block through which the rope reeves. Ham.
Nav. Encyc. Swallow plover (Zoöl.), any one of several species of
fork-tailed ploverlike birds of the genus Glareola, as G. orientalis
of India; a pratincole.
 -- Swallow shrike (Zoöl.), any one of several species of East Indian
and Asiatic birds of the family Artamiidæ, allied to the shrikes but
similar to swallows in appearance and habits. The ashy swallow shrike
(Artamus fuscus) is common in India.
 -- Swallow warbler (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of East
Indian and Australian singing birds of the genus Dicæum. They are
allied to the honeysuckers.

SWALLOW
Swal"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swallowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Swallowing.]
Etym: [OE. swolewen, swolwen, swolhen, AS. swelgan; akin to D.
zwelgen, OHG. swelahan, swelgan, G. schwelgen to feast, to revel,
Icel. svelgia to swallow, SW. svälja, Dan. svælge. Cf. Groundsel a
plant.]

1. To take into the stomach; to receive through the gullet, or
esophagus, into the stomach; as, to swallow food or drink.
As if I had swallowed snowballs for pills. Shak.

2. To draw into an abyss or gulf; to ingulf; to absorb -- usually
followed by up. Milton.
The earth opened her mouth, and swallowed them up, and their houses.
Num. xvi. 32.

3. To receive or embrace, as opinions or belief, without examination
or scruple; to receive implicitly.
Though that story . . . be not so readily swallowed. Sir T. Browne.

4. To engross; to appropriate; -- usually with up.
Homer excels . . . in this, that he swallowed up the honor of those
who succeeded him. Pope.

5. To occupy; to take up; to employ.
The necessary provision of the life swallows the greatest part of
their time. Locke.

6. To seize and waste; to exhaust; to consume.
Corruption swallowed what the liberal hand Of bounty scattered.
Thomson.

7. To retract; to recant; as, to swallow one's opinions. "Swallowed
his vows whole." Shak.

8. To put up with; to bear patiently or without retaliation; as, to
swallow an affront or insult.

Syn.
 -- To absorb; imbibe; ingulf; engross; consume. See Absorb.

SWALLOW
Swal"low, v. i.

Defn: To perform the act of swallowing; as, his cold is so severe he
is unable to swallow.

SWALLOW
Swal"low, n.

1. The act of swallowing.

2. The gullet, or esophagus; the throat.

3. Taste; relish; inclination; liking. [Colloq.]
I have no swallow for it. Massinger.

4. Capacity for swallowing; voracity.
There being nothing too gross for the swallow of political rancor.
Prof. Wilson.

5. As much as is, or can be, swallowed at once; as, a swallow of
water.

6. That which ingulfs; a whirlpool. [Obs.] Fabyan.

SWALLOWER
Swal"low*er, n.

Defn: One who swallows; also, a glutton. Tatler.

SWALLOWFISH
Swal"low*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European sapphirine gurnard (Trigla hirundo). It has large
pectoral fins.

SWALLOWTAIL
Swal"low*tail`, n.

1. (Carp.)

Defn: A kind of tenon or tongue used in making joints. See Dovetail.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of willow.

3. (Fort.)

Defn: An outwork with converging sides, its head or front forming a
reëntrant angle; -- so called from its form. Called also priestcap.

4. A swallow-tailed coat.
This Stultz coat, a blue swallowtail, with yellow buttons. Thackeray.

5. An arrow. Sir W. Scott.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of large and handsome butterflies,
belonging to Papilio and allied genera, in which the posterior border
of each hind wing is prolongated in the form of a long lobe.

Note: The black swallowtail, or asterias (see Papilio), the blue
swallowtail, or philenor, the tiger swallowtail, or turnus (see
Turnus), and the zebra swallowtail, or ajax (see under Zebra) are
common American species. See also Troilus.

SWALLOW-TAILED
Swal"low-tailed`, a.

1. Having a tail like that of a swallow; hence, like a swallow's tail
in form; having narrow and tapering or pointed skirts; as, a swallow-
tailed coat.

2. (Carp.)

Defn: United by dovetailing; dovetailed. Swallow-tailed duck (Zoöl.),
the old squaw.
 -- Swallow-tailed gull (Zoöl.), an Arctic gull (Xema furcata), which
has a deeply forked tail.
 -- Swallow-tailed hawk or kite (Zoöl.), the fork-tailed kite.
 -- Swallow-tailed moth (Zoöl.), a European moth (Urapteryx
sambucaria) having tail-like lobes on the hind wings.

SWALLOWWORT
Swal"low*wort`, n. (Bot.)
(a) See Celandine.
(b) A poisonous plant (Vincetoxicum officinale) of the Milkweed
family, at one time used in medicine; -- also called white
swallowwort. African swallowwort, a plant of the genus Stapelia.

SWAM
Swam,

Defn: imp. of Swim.

SWAMP
Swamp, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. swam a fungus, OD. swam a sponge, D. zwam a
fungus, G. schwamm a sponge, Icel. svöppr, Dan. & Sw. swamp, Goth.
swamms, Gr. somfo`s porous, spongy.]

Defn: Wet, spongy land; soft, low ground saturated with water, but
not usually covered with it; marshy ground away from the seashore.
Gray swamps and pools, waste places of the hern. Tennyson.
A swamp differs from a bog and a marsh in producing trees and shrubs,
while the latter produce only herbage, plants, and mosses. Farming
Encyc. (E. Edwards, Words).
Swamp blackbird. (Zoöl.) See Redwing (b).
 -- Swamp cabbage (Bot.), skunk cabbage.
 -- Swamp deer (Zoöl.), an Asiatic deer (Rucervus Duvaucelli) of
India.
 -- Swamp hen. (Zoöl.) (a) An Australian azure-breasted bird
(Porphyrio bellus); -- called also goollema. (b) An Australian water
crake, or rail (Porzana Tabuensis); -- called also little swamp hen.
(c) The European purple gallinule.
 -- Swamp honeysuckle (Bot.), an American shrub (Azalea, or
Rhododendron, viscosa) growing in swampy places, with fragrant
flowers of a white color, or white tinged with rose; -- called also
swamp pink.
 -- Swamp hook, a hook and chain used by lumbermen in handling logs.
Cf. Cant hook.
 -- Swamp itch. (Med.) See Prairie itch, under Prairie.
 -- Swamp laurel (Bot.), a shrub (Kalmia glauca) having small leaves
with the lower surface glaucous.
 -- Swamp maple (Bot.), red maple. See Maple.
 -- Swamp oak (Bot.), a name given to several kinds of oak which grow
in swampy places, as swamp Spanish oak (Quercus palustris), swamp
white oak (Q. bicolor), swamp post oak (Q. lyrata).
 -- Swamp ore (Min.), big ore; limonite.
 -- Swamp partridge (Zoöl.), any one of several Australian game birds
of the genera Synoicus and Excalfatoria, allied to the European
partridges.
 -- Swamp robin (Zoöl.), the chewink.
 -- Swamp sassafras (Bot.), a small North American tree of the genus
Magnolia (M. glauca) with aromatic leaves and fragrant creamy-white
blossoms; -- called also sweet bay.
 -- Swamp sparrow (Zoöl.), a common North American sparrow (Melospiza
Georgiana, or M. palustris), closely resembling the song sparrow. It
lives in low, swampy places.
 -- Swamp willow. (Bot.) See Pussy willow, under Pussy.

SWAMP
Swamp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swamped; p. pr. & vb. n. Swamping.]

1. To plunge or sink into a swamp.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To cause (a boat) to become filled with water; to capsize or
sink by whelming with water.

3. Fig.: To plunge into difficulties and perils; to overwhelm; to
ruin; to wreck.
The Whig majority of the house of Lords was swamped by the creation
of twelve Tory peers. J. R. Green.
Having swamped himself in following the ignis fatuus of a theory. Sir
W. Hamilton.

SWAMP
Swamp, v. i.

1. To sink or stick in a swamp; figuratively, to become involved in
insuperable difficulties.

2. To become filled with water, as a boat; to founder; to capsize or
sink; figuratively, to be ruined; to be wrecked.

SWAMPY
Swamp"y, a.

Defn: Consisting of swamp; like a swamp; low, wet, and spongy; as,
swampy land.

SWAN
Swan, n. Etym: [AS. swan; akin to D. zwaan, OHG. swan, G. schwan,
Icel. svanr, Sw. svan, Dan. svane; and perhaps to E. sound something
audible.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of large aquatic birds belonging to
Cygnus, Olor, and allied genera of the subfamily Cygninæ. They have a
large and strong beak and a long neck, and are noted for their
graceful movements when swimming. Most of the northern species are
white. In literature the swan was fabled to sing a melodious song,
especially at the time of its death.

Note: The European white, or mute, swan (Cygnus gibbus), which is
most commonly domesticated, bends its neck in an S-shaped curve. The
whistling, or trumpeting, swans of the genus Olor do not bend the
neck in an S-shaped curve, and are noted for their loud and sonorous
cry, due to complex convolutions of the windpipe. To this genus
belong the European whooper, or whistling swan (Olor cygnus), the
American whistling swan (O. Columbianus), and the trumpeter swan (O.
buccinator). The Australian black swan (Chenopis atrata) is dull
black with white on the wings, and has the bill carmine, crossed with
a white band. It is a very graceful species and is often
domesticated. The South American black-necked swan (Sthenelides
melancorypha) is a very beautiful and graceful species, entirely
white, except the head and neck, which are dark velvety seal-brown.
Its bill has a double bright rose-colored knob.

2. Fig.: An appellation for a sweet singer, or a poet noted for grace
and melody; as Shakespeare is called the swan of Avon.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: The constellation Cygnus. Swan goose (Zoöl.), a bird of India
(Cygnopsis cygnoides) resembling both the swan and the goose.
 -- Swan shot, a large size of shot used in fowling.

SWANG
Swang, obs.

Defn: imp. of Swing.

SWANG
Swang, n. Etym: [Cf. Swamp.]

Defn: A swamp. [Prov. Eng.]

SWANHERD
Swan"herd`, n.

Defn: One who tends or marks swans; as, the royal swanherd of
England.

SWAN-HOPPING
Swan"-hop`ping, n.

Defn: A corruption of Swan-upping. [Eng.] Encyc. Brit.

SWANIMOTE
Swan"i*mote, n. (Eng. Forest Law)

Defn: See Swainmote.

SWANKIE; SWANKY
Swank"ie, Swank"y, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schwank flexible, pliant.]

Defn: An active and clever young fellow. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

SWANLIKE
Swan"like`, a.

Defn: Resembling a swan.

SWANMARK
Swan"mark`, n.

Defn: A mark of ownership cut on the bill or swan. [Eng.] Encyc.
Brit.

SWANNERY
Swan"ner*y, n.

Defn: A place where swans are bred. "The largest swannery in
England." Encyc. Brit.

SWANNY
Swan"ny, a.

Defn: Swanlike; as, a swanny glossiness of the neck. Richardson.

SWANPAN
Swan"pan, n. Etym: [Cf. Schwanpan.]

Defn: The Chinese abacus; a schwanpan. S. W. Williams.

SWAN'S-DOWN; SWANS-DOWN
Swan's"-down`, or; Swans"-down`, n.

1. The down, or fine, soft feathers, of the swan, used on various
articles of dress.

2. A fine, soft, thick cloth of wool mixed with silk or cotton; a
sort of twilled fustian, like moleskin. Swan's-down cotton. See
Cotton flannel, under Cotton.

SWANSKIN
Swan"skin`, n.

1. The act of a swan with the down or the feathers on.

2. A species of soft flannel, thick and warm.

SWAN-UPPING
Swan"-up`ping, n.

Defn: A yearly expedition on the Thames to take up young swans and
mark them, as by Companies of Dyers and Vintners; -- called also
swan-hopping. [Eng.] Encyc. Brit.

SWAP
Swap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Swapping.] Etym:
[OE. swappen to strike; cf. E. to strike a bargain; perh. akin to E.
sweep. Cf. Swap a blow, Swap, v. i.] [Written also swop.]

1. To strike; -- with off. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "Swap off his head!"
Chaucer.

2. To exchange (usually two things of the same kind); to swop.
[Colloq.] Miss Edgeworth.

SWAP
Swap, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Swap, v. t.]

1. To fall or descend; to rush hastily or violently. C. Richardson
(Dict.).
All suddenly she swapt adown to ground. Chaucer.

2. To beat the air, or ply the wings, with a sweeping motion or
noise; to flap.

SWAP
Swap, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schwapp, n., a slap, swap, schwapp, schwapps,
interj., slap! smack! and E. swap, v.t.]

1. A blow; a stroke. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

2. An exchange; a barter. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.

SWAP
Swap, adv. Etym: [See Swap, n.]

Defn: Hastily. [Prov. Eng.]

SWAPE
Swape, n.

Defn: See Sweep, n., 12.

SWARD
Sward, n. Etym: [AS. sweard skin, covering; akin to OFries. swarge,
D. zwoord, G. schwarte, Icel. svör skin, sward of the earth.]

1. Skin; covering. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. The grassy surface of land; that part of the soil which is filled
with the roots of grass; turf.
The sward was trim as any garden lawn. Tennyson.
Sward pork, bacon in large fitches. [Prov. Eng.]

SWARD
Sward, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Swarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Swarding.]

Defn: To produce sward upon; to cover, or be covered, with sward.
Mortimer.

SWARD-CUTTER
Sward"-cut`ter, n.
(a) A plow for turning up grass land.
(b) A lawn mower.

SWARDED
Sward"ed, a.

Defn: Covered with sward. Mrs. Browning.

SWARDY
Sward"y, a.

Defn: Covered with sward or grass.

SWARE
Sware,

Defn: imp. of Swear. [Obs. or Poetic]
Cophetua sware a royal oath. Tennyson.

SWARF
Swarf, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Swerve.]

Defn: To grow languid; to faint. [Scot.] "To swarf for very hunger."
Sir W. Scott.

SWARF
Swarf, n. Etym: [Cf. Swerve.]

Defn: The grit worn away from grindstones in grinding cutlery wet.
[Prov. Eng.]

SWARM
Swarm, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Swerve.]

Defn: To climb a tree, pole, or the like, by embracing it with the
arms and legs alternately. See Shin. [Colloq.]
At the top was placed a piece of money, as a prize for those who
could swarm up and seize it. W. Coxe.

SWARM
Swarm, n. Etym: [OE. swarm, AS. swearm; akin to D. zwerm, G. schwarm,
OHG. swaram, Icel. svarmr a tumult, Sw. svärm a swarm, Dan. sværm,
and G. schwirren to whiz, to buzz, Skr. svar to sound, and perhaps to
E. swear. *177. Cf. Swerve, Swirl.]

1. A large number or mass of small animals or insects, especially
when in motion. "A deadly swarm of hornets." Milton.

2. Especially, a great number of honeybees which emigrate from a hive
at once, and seek new lodgings under the direction of a queen; a like
body of bees settled permanently in a hive. "A swarm of bees."
Chaucer.

3. Hence, any great nimber or multitude, as of people in motion, or
sometimes of inanimate objects; as, a swarm of meteorites.
Those prodigious swarms that had settled themselves in every part of
it [Italy]. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Multitude; crowd; throng.

SWARM
Swarm, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swarmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Swarming.]

1. To collect, and depart from a hive by flight in a body; -- said of
bees; as, bees swarm in warm, clear days in summer.

2. To appear or collect in a crowd; to throng together; to congregate
in a multitude. Chaucer.

3. To be crowded; to be thronged with a multitude of beings in
motion.
Every place swarms with soldiers. Spenser.

4. To abound; to be filled (with). Atterbury.

5. To breed multitudes.
Not so thick swarmed once the soil Bedropped with blood of Gorgon.
Milton.

SWARM
Swarm, v. t.

Defn: To crowd or throng. Fanshawe.

SWARMSPORE
Swarm"spore`, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: One of innumerable minute, motile, reproductive bodies,
produced asexually by certain algæ and fungi; a zoöspore.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the minute flagellate germs produced by the sporulation
of a protozoan; -- called also zoöspore.

SWART
Swart, n.

Defn: Sward. [Obs.] Holinshed.

SWART
Swart, a. Etym: [OE. swart, AS. sweart black; akin to OFries, OS. &
LG. swart, D. zwart, G. schwartz, OHG. swarz, Icel. svarir, Sw.
svart, Dan. sort, Goth. swarts; cf. L. sordes dirt, sordere to be
dirty. Cf. Sordid, Surd.]

1. Of a dark hue; moderately black; swarthy; tawny. "Swart
attendants." Trench. "Swart savage maids." Hawthorne.
A nation strange, with visage swart. Spenser.

2. Gloomy; malignant. [Obs.] Milton. Swart star, the Dog Star; -- so
called from its appearing during the hot weather of summer, which
makes swart the countenance. [R.] Milton.

SWART
Swart, v. t.

Defn: To make swart or tawny; as, to swart a living part. Sir T.
Browne.

SWARTBACK
Swart"back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The black-backed gull (Larus marinus); -- called also swarbie.
[Prov. Eng.]

SWARTH
Swarth, a.

Defn: Swart; swarthy. "A swarth complexion." Chapman.

SWARTH
Swarth, n.

Defn: An apparition of a person about to die; a wraith. [Prov. Eng.]
Grose.

SWARTH
Swarth, n. Etym: [See Sward.]

Defn: Sward; short grass.
Grassy swarth, close cropped by nibbling sheep. Cowper.

SWARTH
Swarth, n.

Defn: See Swath.

SWARTHILY
Swarth"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a swarthy manner; with a tawny hue; duskily.

SWARTHINESS
Swarth"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being swarthy; a dusky or dark
complexion; tawniness.

SWARTHNESS
Swarth"*ness, n.

Defn: Swarthiness. [R.] Dr. R. Clerke.

SWARTHY
Swarth"y, a. [Compar. Swarthier; superl. Swarthiest.] Etym: [See
Swart, a.]

Defn: Being of a dark hue or dusky complexion; tawny; swart; as,
swarthy faces. "A swarthy Ethiope." Shak.
Their swarthy hosts would darken all our plains. Addison.

SWARTHY
Swarth"y, v. t.

Defn: To make swarthy. [Obs.] Cowley.

SWARTINESS
Swart"i*ness, n.

Defn: Swarthiness. [Obs.]

SWARTISH
Swart"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat swart, dark, or tawny.

SWARTNESS
Swart"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being swart.

SWARTY
Swart"y, a.

Defn: Swarthy; tawny. [Obs.] Burton.

SWARVE
Swarve, v. i. Etym: [See Swerve.]

1. To swerve. [Obs. or Scot.] Spenser. Jamieson.

2. To climb. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

SWASH
Swash, n. Etym: [Cf. Swash, v. i., Squash, v. t.] (Arch.)

Defn: An oval figure, whose moldings are oblique to the axis of the
work. Moxon. Swash plate (Mach.), a revolving circular plate, set
obliquely on its shaft, and acting as a cam to give a reciprocating
motion to a rod in a direction parallel to the shaft.

SWASH
Swash, a. Etym: [Cf. Swash, v. i., Squash, v. t.]

Defn: Soft, like fruit too ripe; swashy. [Prov. Eng.] Pegge.

SWASH
Swash, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Swashing.] Etym:
[Probably of imitative origin; cf. Sw. svasska to splash, and, for
sense 3, Sw. svassa to bully, to rodomontade.]

1. To dash or flow noisily, as water; to splash; as, water swashing
on a shallow place.

2. To fall violently or noisily. [Obs.] Holinshed.

3. To bluster; to make a great noise; to vapor or brag.

SWASH
Swash, n.

1. Impulse of water flowing with violence; a dashing or splashing of
water.

2. A narrow sound or channel of water lying within a sand bank, or
between a sand bank and the shore, or a bar over which the sea
washes.

3. Liquid filth; wash; hog mash. [Obs.]

4. A blustering noise; a swaggering behavior. [Obs.]

5. A swaggering fellow; a swasher.

SWASHBUCKLER
Swash"buc`kler, n.

Defn: A bully or braggadocio; a swaggering, boastful fellow; a
swaggerer. Milton.

SWASHER
Swash"er, n.

Defn: One who makes a blustering show of valor or force of arms.
Shak.

SWASHING
Swash"ing, a.

1. Swaggering; hectoring. "A swashing and martial outside." Shak.

2. Resounding; crushing. "Swashing blow." Shak.

SWASHWAY
Swash"way`, n.

Defn: Same as 4th Swash, 2.

SWASHY
Swash"y, a.

Defn: Soft, like fruit that is too ripe; quashy; swash. [Prov. Eng.]

SWASTIKA; SWASTICA
Swas"ti*ka, Swas"ti*ca, n. [Also suastica, svastika, etc.] [Skr.
svastika, fr. svasti walfare; su well + asti being.]

Defn: A symbol or ornament in the form of a Greek cross with the ends
of the arms at right angles all in the same direction, and each
prolonged to the height of the parallel arm of the cross. A great
many modified forms exist, ogee and volute as well as rectilinear,
while various decorative designs, as Greek fret or meander, are
derived from or closely associated with it. The swastika is found in
remains from the Bronze Age in various parts of Europe, esp. at
Hissarlik (Troy), and was in frequent use as late as the 10th
century. It is found in ancient Persia, in India, where both Jains
and Buddhists used (or still use) it as religious symbol, in China
and Japan, and among Indian tribes of North, Central, and South
America. It is usually thought to be a charm, talisman, or religious
token, esp. a sign of good luck or benediction. Max MüLler
distinguished from the swastika, with arms prolonged to the right,
the suavastika, with arms prolonged to the left, but this distinction
is not commonly recognized. Other names for the swastika are fylfot
and gammadion.

SWAT
Swat, obs.

Defn: imp. of Sweat. Chaucer.

SWATCH
Swatch, n.

1. A swath. [Obs.] Tusser.

2. A piece, pattern, or sample, generally of cloth. Halliwell.
Jamieson.

SWATE
Swate, obs.

Defn: imp. of Sweat. Thomson.

SWATH
Swath, n. Etym: [AS. swa a track, trace; akin to D. zwaad, zwad,
zwade, a swath of grass, G. schwad, schwaden; perhaps, originally, a
shred. Cf. Swathe, v. t.]

1. A line of grass or grain cut and thrown together by the scythe in
mowing or cradling.

2. The whole sweep of a scythe, or the whole breadth from which grass
or grain is cut by a scythe or a machine, in mowing or cradling; as,
to cut a wide swath.

3. A band or fillet; a swathe. Shak. Swath bank, a row of new-mown
grass. [Prov. Eng.]

SWATHE
Swathe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swathed; p. pr. & vb. n. Swathing.] Etym:
[OE. swathen, AS. swe. See Swath, n., and cf. Swaddle.]

Defn: To bind with a swathe, band, bandage, or rollers.
Their children are never swathed or bound about with any thing when
they are first born. Abp. Abbot.

SWATHE
Swathe, n.

Defn: A bandage; a band; a swath.
Wrapped me in above an hundred yards of swathe. Addison.
Milk and a swathe, at first, his whole demand. Young.
The solemn glory of the afternoon, with its long swathes of light
between the far off rows of limes. G. Eliot.

SWATHER
Swath"er, n. Etym: [See Swath, n.] (Agric.)

Defn: A device attached to a mowing machine for raising the uncut
fallen grain and marking the limit of the swath.

SWATTE
Swat"te, obs.

Defn: imp. of Sweat. Chaucer.

SWAY
Sway, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Swaying.] Etym:
[OE. sweyen, Icel. sveigja, akin to E. swing; cf. D. zwaaijen to
wield, swing. See Swing, and cf. Swag, v. i.]

1. To move or wield with the hand; to swing; to wield; as, to sway
the scepter.
As sparkles from the anvil rise, When heavy hammers on the wedge are
swayed. Spenser.

2. To influence or direct by power and authority; by persuasion, or
by moral force; to rule; to govern; to guide.
The will of man is by his reason swayed. Shak.
She could not sway her house. Shak.
This was the race To sway the world, and land and sea subdue. Dryden.

3. To cause to incline or swing to one side, or backward and forward;
to bias; to turn; to bend; warp; as, reeds swayed by wind; judgment
swayed by passion.
As bowls run true by being made On purpose false, and to be swayed.
Hudibras.
Let not temporal and little advantages sway you against a more
durable interest. Tillotson.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: To hoist; as, to sway up the yards.

Syn.
 -- To bias; rule; govern; direct; influence; swing; move; wave;
wield.

SWAY
Sway, v. i.

1. To be drawn to one side by weight or influence; to lean; to
incline.
The balance sways on our part. Bacon.

2. To move or swing from side to side; or backward and forward.

3. To have weight or influence.
The example of sundry churches . . . doth sway much. Hooker.

4. To bear sway; to rule; to govern.
Hadst thou swayed as kings should do. Shak.

SWAY
Sway, n.

1. The act of swaying; a swaying motion; the swing or sweep of a
weapon.
With huge two-handed sway brandished aloft. Milton.

2. Influence, weight, or authority that inclines to one side; as, the
sway of desires. A. Tucker.

3. Preponderance; turn or cast of balance.
Expert When to advance, or stand, or turn the sway Of battle. Milton.

4. Rule; dominion; control. Cowper.
When vice prevails, and impious men bear sway, The post of honor is a
private station. Addison.

5. A switch or rod used by thatchers to bind their work. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

Syn.
 -- Rule; dominion; power; empire; control; influence; direction;
preponderance; ascendency.

SWAY-BACKED
Sway"-backed`, a.

Defn: Having the back hollow or sagged, whether naturally or as the
result of injury or weakness; -- said of horses and other animals.

SWAY BAR
Sway bar. (Vehicles)
 (a) A bar attached to the hounds, in the rear of the front axle, so
as to slide on the reach as the axle is swung in turning the vehicle.
 (b) Either of the two bars used in coupling the front and rear sleds
of a logging sled; also, the bar used to couple two logging cars.

SWAY-BRACING
Sway"-bra`cing, n. (Engin.)

Defn: The horizontal bracing of a bridge, which prevents its swaying.

SWAYED
Swayed, a.

Defn: Bent down, and hollow in the back; sway-backed; -- said of a
horse. Shak.

SWAYFUL
Sway"ful, a.

Defn: Able to sway. [R.] Rush.

SWAYING
Sway"ing, n.

Defn: An injury caused by violent strains or by overloading; -- said
of the backs of horses. Crabb.

SWEAL
Sweal, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swealed; p. pr. & vb. n. Swealing.] Etym:
[OE. swelen to burn, AS. swelan; akin to G. schwelen to burn slowly,
schwül sultry, Icel. svæla a thick smoke.]

Defn: To melt and run down, as the tallow of a candle; to waste away
without feeding the flame. [Written also swale.] Sir W. Scott.

SWEAL
Sweal, v. t.

Defn: To singe; to scorch; to swale; as, to sweal a pig by singeing
off the hair.

SWEAR
Swear, v. i. [imp. Swore, formerly Sware (; p. p. Sworn; p. pr. & vb.
n. Swearing.] Etym: [OE. swerien, AS. swerian; akin to D. zweren, OS.
swerian, OHG. swerien, G. schwören, Icel. sverja, Sw. svärja, Dan.
sværge, Icel. & Sw. svara to answer, Dan. svare, Dan. & Sw. svar an
answer, Goth. swaran to swear, and perhaps to E. swarm. *177. Cf.
Answer.]

1. To affirm or utter a solemn declaration, with an appeal to God for
the truth of what is affirmed; to make a promise, threat, or resolve
on oath; also, to affirm solemnly by some sacred object, or one
regarded as sacred, as the Bible, the Koran, etc.
Ye shall swear by my name falsely. Lev. xix. 12.
I swear by all the Roman gods. Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: To give evidence on oath; as, to swear to the truth of a
statement; he swore against the prisoner.

3. To make an appeal to God in an irreverant manner; to use the name
of God or sacred things profanely; to call upon God in imprecation;
to curse.
[I] swore little; diced not above seven times a week. Shak.
To swear by, to place great confidence in a person or thing; to trust
implicitly as an authority. "I simply meant to ask if you are one of
those who swear by Lord Verulam." Miss Edgeworth.
 -- To swear off, to make a solemn vow, or a serious resolution, to
abstain from something; as, to swear off smoking. [Slang]

SWEAR
Swear, v. t.

1. To utter or affirm with a solemn appeal to God for the truth of
the declaration; to make (a promise, threat, or resolve) under oath.
Swear unto me here by God, that thou wilt not deal falsely with me.
Gen. xxi. 23.
He swore consent to your succession. Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: To put to an oath; to cause to take an oath; to administer an
oath to; -- ofetn followed by in or into; as, to swear witnesses; to
swear a jury; to swear in an officer; he was sworn into office.

3. To declare or charge upon oath; as, he swore treason against his
friend. Johnson.

4. To appeal to by an oath.
Now, by Apollo, king, Thou swear'st thy gods in vain. Shak.
To swear the peace against one, to make oath that one is under the
actual fear of death or bodily harm from the person, in which case
the person must find sureties that he will keep the peace.

SWEARER
Swear"er, n.

1. One who swears; one who calls God to witness for the truth of his
declaration.

2. A profane person; one who uses profane language.
Then the liars and swearers are fools. Shak.

SWEARING
Swear"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Swear, v.
Idle swearing is a cursedness. Chaucer.

SWEAT
Sweat, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sweat or Sweated (Obs. Swat (); p. pr. &
vb. n. Sweating.] Etym: [OE. sweten, AS. swætan, fr. swat, n., sweat;
akin to OFries. & OS. swet, D. zweet, OHG. sweiz, G. schweiss, Icel.
sviti, sveiti, Sw. svett, Dan. sved, L. sudor sweat, sudare to sweat,
Gr. sveda sweat, svid to sweat. *178. Cf. Exude, Sudary, Sudorific.]

1. To excrete sensible moisture from the pores of the skin; to
perspire. Shak.

2. Fig.: To perspire in toil; to work hard; to drudge.
He 'd have the poets sweat. Waller.

3. To emit moisture, as green plants in a heap.

SWEAT
Sweat, v. t.

1. To cause to excrete moisture from the skin; to cause to perspire;
as, his physicians attempted to sweat him by most powerful
sudorifics.

2. To emit or suffer to flow from the pores; to exude.
It made her not a drop for sweat. Chaucer.
With exercise she sweat ill humors out. Dryden.

3. To unite by heating, after the application of soldier.

4. To get something advantageous, as money, property, or labor from
(any one), by exaction or oppression; as, to sweat a spendthrift; to
sweat laborers. [Colloq.] To sweat coin, to remove a portion of a
piece of coin, as by shaking it with others in a bag, so that the
friction wears off a small quantity of the metal.
The only use of it [money] which is interdicted is to put it in
circulation again after having diminished its weight by "sweating",
or otherwise, because the quantity of metal contains is no longer
consistent with its impression. R. Cobden.

SWEAT
Sweat, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. swot, AS. swat. See Sweat, v. i.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: The fluid which is excreted from the skin of an animal; the
fluid secreted by the sudoriferous glands; a transparent, colorless,
acid liquid with a peculiar odor, containing some fatty acids and
mineral matter; perspiration. See Perspiration.
In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread. Gen. iii. 19.

2. The act of sweating; or the state of one who sweats; hence, labor;
toil; drudgery. Shak.

3. Moisture issuing from any substance; as, the sweat of hay or grain
in a mow or stack. Mortimer.

4. The sweating sickness. [Obs.] Holinshed.

5. (Man.)

Defn: A short run by a race horse in exercise. Sweat box (Naut.), a
small closet in which refractory men are confined.
 -- Sweat glands (Anat.), sudoriferous glands. See under
Sudoriferous.

SWEATER
Sweat"er, n.

1. One who sweats.

2. One who, or that which, causes to sweat; as:
(a) A sudorific.
(b) A woolen jacket or jersey worn by athletes.
(c) An employer who oppresses his workmen by paying low wages.
[Slang]

SWEATILY
Sweat"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sweaty manner.

SWEATINESS
Sweat"i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being sweaty.

SWEATING
Sweat"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Sweat, v. Sweating bath, a bath producing sensible
sweat; a stove or sudatory.
 -- Sweating house, a house for sweating persons in sickness.
 -- Sweating iron, a kind of knife, or a piece of iron, used to
scrape off sweat, especially from horses; a horse scraper.
 -- Sweating room. (a) A room for sweating persons. (b) (Dairying) A
room for sweating cheese and carrying off the superfluous juices.
 -- Sweating sickness (Med.), a febrile epidemic disease which
prevailed in some countries of Europe, but particularly in England,
in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, characterized by profuse
sweating. Death often occured in a few hours.

SWEATY
Sweat"y, a. [Compar. Sweatier; superl. Sweatiest.]

1. Moist with sweat; as, a sweaty skin; a sweaty garment.

2. Consisting of sweat; of the nature of sweat.
No noisome whiffs or sweaty streams. Swift.

3. Causing sweat; hence, laborious; toilsome; difficult. "The sweaty
forge." Prior.

SWEDE
Swede, n. Etym: [Cf. G. Schwede.]

1. A native or inhabitant of Sweden.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A Swedish turnip. See under Turnip.

SWEDENBORGIAN
Swe`den*bor"gi*an, n.

Defn: One who holds the doctrines of the New Jerusalem church, as
taught by Emanuel Swedenborg, a Swedish philosopher and religious
writer, who was born a. d. 1688 and died 1772. Swedenborg claimed to
have intercourse with the spiritual world, through the opening of his
spiritual senses in 1745. He taught that the Lord Jesus Christ, as
comprehending in himself all the fullness of the Godhead, is the one
only God, and that there is a spiritual sense to the Scriptures,
which he (Swedenborg) was able to reveal, because he saw the
correspondence between natural and spiritual things.

SWEDENBORGIAN
Swe`den*bor"gi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Swedenborg or his views.

SWEDENBORGIANISM
Swe`den*bor"gi*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrines of the Swedenborgians.

SWEDISH
Swed"ish, a. Etym: [Cf. G. schwedisch, Sw. svensk.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Sweden or its inhabitants. Swedish turnip.
(Bot.) See under Turnip.

SWEDISH
Swed"ish, n.

Defn: The language of Swedes.

SWEENY
Swee"ny, n. (Far.)

Defn: An atrophy of the muscles of the shoulder in horses; also,
atrophy of any muscle in horses. [Written also swinney.]

SWEEP
Sweep, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swept; p. pr. & vb. n. Sweeping.] Etym:
[OE. swepen; akin to AS. swapan. See Swoop, v. i.]

1. To pass a broom across (a surface) so as to remove loose dirt,
dust, etc.; to brush, or rub over, with a broom for the purpose of
cleaning; as, to sweep a floor, the street, or a chimney. Used also
figuratively.
I will sweep it with the besom of destruction. Isa. xiv. 23.

2. To drive or carry along or off with a broom or a brush, or as if
with a broom; to remove by, or as if by, brushing; as, to sweep dirt
from a floor; the wind sweeps the snow from the hills; a freshet
sweeps away a dam, timber, or rubbish; a pestilence sweeps off
multitudes.
The hail shall sweep away the refuge of lies. Isa. xxviii. 17.
I have already swept the stakes. Dryden.

3. To brush against or over; to rub lightly along.
Their long descending train, With rubies edged and sapphires, swept
the plain. Dryden.

4. To carry with a long, swinging, or dragging motion; hence, to
carry in a stately or proud fashion.
And like a peacock sweep along his tail. Shak.

5. To strike with a long stroke.
Wake into voice each silent string, And sweep the sounding lyre.
Pope.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: To draw or drag something over; as, to sweep the bottom of a
river with a net.

7. To pass over, or traverse, with the eye or with an instrument of
observation; as, to sweep the heavens with a telescope. To sweep, or
sweep up, a mold (Founding), to form the sand into a mold by a
templet, instead of compressing it around the pattern.

SWEEP
Sweep, v. i.

1. To clean rooms, yards, etc., or to clear away dust, dirt, litter,
etc., with a broom, brush, or the like.

2. To brush swiftly over the surface of anything; to pass with
switness and force, as if brushing the surface of anything; to move
in a stately manner; as, the wind sweeps across the plain; a woman
sweeps through a drawing-room.

3. To pass over anything comprehensively; to range through with
rapidity; as, his eye sweeps through space.

SWEEP
Sweep, n.

1. The act of sweeping.

2. The compass or range of a stroke; as, a long sweep.

3. The compass of any turning body or of any motion; as, the sweep of
a door; the sweep of the eye.

4. The compass of anything flowing or brushing; as, the flood carried
away everything within its sweep.

5. Violent and general destruction; as, the sweep of an epidemic
disease.

6. Direction and extent of any motion not rectlinear; as, the sweep
of a compass.

7. Direction or departure of a curve, a road, an arch, or the like,
away from a rectlinear line.
The road which makes a small sweep. Sir W. Scott.

8. One who sweeps; a sweeper; specifically, a chimney sweeper.

9. (Founding)

Defn: A movable templet for making molds, in loam molding.

10. (Naut.)
(a) The mold of a ship when she begins to curve in at the rungheads;
any part of a ship shaped in a segment of a circle.
(b) A large oar used in small vessels, partly to propel them and
partly to steer them.

11. (Refining)

Defn: The almond furnace. [Obs.]

12. A long pole, or piece of timber, moved on a horizontal fulcrum
fixed to a tall post and used to raise and lower a bucket in a well
for drawing water. [Variously written swape, sweep, swepe, and
swipe.]

13. (Card Playing)

Defn: In the game of casino, a pairing or combining of all the cards
on the board, and so removing them all; in whist, the winning of all
the tricks (thirteen) in a hand; a slam.

14. pl.

Defn: The sweeping of workshops where precious metals are worked,
containing filings, etc. Sweep net, a net for drawing over a large
compass.
 -- Sweep of the tiller (Naut.), a circular frame on which the tiller
traverses.

SWEEPAGE
Sweep"age, n.

Defn: The crop of hay got in a meadow. [Prov. Eng.]

SWEEPER
Sweep"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, sweeps, or cleans by sweeping; a sweep;
as, a carpet sweeper.
It is oxygen which is the great sweeper of the economy. Huxley.

SWEEPING
Sweep"ing, a.

Defn: Cleaning off surfaces, or cleaning away dust, dirt, or litter,
as a broom does; moving with swiftness and force; carrying everything
before it; including in its scope many persons or things; as, a
sweeping flood; a sweeping majority; a sweeping accusation.
 -- Sweep"ing*ly, adv. -Sweep"ing*ness, n.

SWEEPINGS
Sweep"ings, n. pl.

Defn: Things collected by sweeping; rubbish; as, the sweepings of a
street.

SWEEP-SAW
Sweep"-saw`, n.

Defn: A bow-saw.

SWEEPSTAKE
Sweep"stake`, n.

1. A winning of all the stakes or prizes. Heylin.

2. A complete removal or carrying away; a clean sweep. [Obs.] Bp.
Hacket.

SWEEPSTAKES
Sweep"stakes`, n.

1. A winning of all the stakes or prizes; a sweepstake.

2. sing. or pl.

Defn: The whole money or other things staked at a horse race, a given
sum being put up for each horse, all of which goes to the winner, or
is divided among several, as may be previously agreed.

3. A race for all the sums staked or prizes offered.

SWEEPWASHER
Sweep"wash`er, n.

Defn: One who extracts the residuum of precious metals from the
sweepings, potsherds, etc., of refineries of gold and silver, or
places where these metals are used.

SWEEPY
Sweep"y, a.

Defn: Moving with a sweeping motion.
The branches bend before their sweepy away. Dryden.

SWEET
Sweet, a. [Compar. Sweeter; superl. Sweetest.] Etym: [OE. swete,
swote, sote, AS. swete; akin to OFries. swete, OS. swoti, D. zoet, G.
süss, OHG. suozi, Icel. sætr, soetr, Sw. söt, Dan. söd, Goth. suts,
L. suavis, for suadvis, Gr. svadu sweet, svad, svad, to sweeten.
*175. Cf. Assuage, Suave, Suasion.]

1. Having an agreeable taste or flavor such as that of sugar;
saccharine; -- opposed to sour and bitter; as, a sweet beverage;
sweet fruits; sweet oranges.

2. Pleasing to the smell; fragrant; redolent; balmy; as, a sweet
rose; sweet odor; sweet incense.
The breath of these flowers is sweet to me. Longfellow.

3. Pleasing to the ear; soft; melodious; harmonious; as, the sweet
notes of a flute or an organ; sweet music; a sweet voice; a sweet
singer.
To make his English sweet upon his tongue. Chaucer.
A voice sweet, tremulous, but powerful. Hawthorne.

4. Pleasing to the eye; beautiful; mild and attractive; fair; as, a
sweet face; a sweet color or complexion.
Sweet interchange Of hill and valley, rivers, woods, and plains.
Milton.

5. Fresh; not salt or brackish; as, sweet water. Bacon.

6. Not changed from a sound or wholesome state. Specifically: (a) Not
sour; as, sweet milk or bread. (b) Not state; not putrescent or
putrid; not rancid; as, sweet butter; sweet meat or fish.

7. Plaesing to the mind; mild; gentle; calm; amiable; winning;
presuasive; as, sweet manners.
Canst thou bind the sweet influence of Pleiades Job xxxviii. 31.
Mildness and sweet reasonableness is the one established rule of
Christian working. M. Arnold.

Note: Sweet is often used in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, sweet-blossomed, sweet-featured, sweet-smelling,
sweet-tempered, sweet-toned, etc. Sweet alyssum. (Bot.) See Alyssum.
 -- Sweet apple. (Bot.) (a) Any apple of sweet flavor. (b) See Sweet-
top.
 -- Sweet bay. (Bot.) (a) The laurel (laurus nobilis). (b) Swamp
sassafras.
 -- Sweet calabash (Bot.), a plant of the genus Passiflora (P.
maliformis) growing in the West Indies, and producing a roundish,
edible fruit, the size of an apple.
 -- Sweet cicely. (Bot.) (a) Either of the North American plants of
the umbelliferous genus Osmorrhiza having aromatic roots and seeds,
and white flowers. Gray. (b) A plant of the genus Myrrhis (M.
odorata) growing in England.
 -- Sweet calamus, or Sweet cane. (Bot.) Same as Sweet flag, below.
 -- Sweet Cistus (Bot.), an evergreen shrub (Cistus Ladanum) from
which the gum ladanum is obtained.
 -- Sweet clover. (Bot.) See Melilot.
 -- Sweet coltsfoot (Bot.), a kind of butterbur (Petasites sagittata)
found in Western North America.
 -- Sweet corn (Bot.), a variety of the maize of a sweet taste. See
the Note under Corn.
 -- Sweet fern (Bot.), a small North American shrub (Comptonia, or
Myrica, asplenifolia) having sweet-scented or aromatic leaves
resembling fern leaves.
 -- Sweet flag (Bot.), an endogenous plant (Acorus Calamus) having
long flaglike leaves and a rootstock of a pungent aromatic taste. It
is found in wet places in Europe and America. See Calamus, 2.
 -- Sweet gale (Bot.), a shrub (Myrica Gale) having bitter fragrant
leaves; -- also called sweet willow, and Dutch myrtle. See 5th Gale.
Sweet grass (Bot.), holy, or Seneca, grass.
 -- Sweet gum (Bot.), an American tree (Liquidambar styraciflua). See
Liquidambar.
 -- Sweet herbs, fragrant herbs cultivated for culinary purposes.
 -- Sweet John (Bot.), a variety of the sweet William.
 -- Sweet leaf (Bot.), horse sugar. See under Horse.
 -- Sweet marjoram. (Bot.) See Marjoram.
 -- Sweet marten (Zoöl.), the pine marten.
 -- Sweet maudlin (Bot.), a composite plant (Achillea Ageratum)
allied to milfoil.
 -- Sweet oil, olive oil.
 -- Sweet pea. (Bot.) See under Pea.
 -- Sweet potato. (Bot.) See under Potato.
 -- Sweet rush (Bot.), sweet flag.
 -- Sweet spirits of niter (Med. Chem.) See Spirit of nitrous ether,
under Spirit.
 -- Sweet sultan (Bot.), an annual composite plant (Centaurea
moschata), also, the yellow-flowered (C. odorata); -- called also
sultan flower.
 -- Sweet tooth, an especial fondness for sweet things or for
sweetmeats. [Colloq.] -- Sweet William. (a) (Bot.) A species of pink
(Dianthus barbatus) of many varieties. (b) (Zoöl.) The willow
warbler. (c) (Zoöl.) The European goldfinch; -- called also sweet
Billy. [Prov. Eng.] -- Sweet willow (Bot.), sweet gale.
 -- Sweet wine. See Dry wine, under Dry.
 -- To be sweet on, to have a particular fondness for, or special
interest in, as a young man for a young woman. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

Syn.
 -- Sugary; saccharine; dulcet; luscious.

SWEET
Sweet, n.

1. That which is sweet to the taste; -- used chiefly in the plural.
Specifically:
(a) Confectionery, sweetmeats, preserves, etc.
(b) Home-made wines, cordials, metheglin, etc.

2. That which is sweet or pleasant in odor; a perfume. "A wilderness
of sweets." Milton.

3. That which is pleasing or grateful to the mind; as, the sweets of
domestic life.
A little bitter mingled in our cup leaves no relish of the sweet.
Locke.

4. One who is dear to another; a darling; -- a term of endearment.
"Wherefore frowns my sweet" B. Jonson.

SWEET
Sweet, adv.

Defn: Sweetly. Shak.

SWEET
Sweet, v. t.

Defn: To sweeten. [Obs.] Udall.

SWEETBREAD
Sweet"bread`, n.

1. Either the thymus gland or the pancreas, the former being called
neck, or throat, sweetbread, the latter belly sweetbread. The
sweetbreads of ruminants, esp. of the calf, are highly esteemed as
food. See Pancreas, and Thymus.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The pancreas.

SWEET-BREASTED
Sweet"-breast`ed, a.

Defn: Having a sweet, musical voice, as the nightingale. Cf. Breast,
n., 6. [Obs.]

SWEETBRIER
Sweet"bri`er, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of rose (Rosa rubiginosa) with minutely glandular and
fragrant foliage. The small-flowered sweetbrier is Rosa micrantha.

SWEETEN
Sweet"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sweetened; p. pr. & vb. n. Sweetening.]
Etym: [See Sweet, a.]

1. To make sweet to the taste; as, to sweeten tea.

2. To make pleasing or grateful to the mind or feelings; as, to
sweeten life; to sweeten friendship.

3. To make mild or kind; to soften; as, to sweeten the temper.

4. To make less painful or laborious; to relieve; as, to sweeten the
cares of life. Dryden.
And sweeten every secret tear. Keble.

5. To soften to the eye; to make delicate.
Correggio has made his memory immortal by the strength he has given
to his figures, and by sweetening his lights and shadows, and melting
them into each other. Dryden.

6. To make pure and salubrious by destroying noxious matter; as, to
sweeten rooms or apartments that have been infected; to sweeten the
air.

7. To make warm and fertile; -- opposed to sour; as, to dry and
sweeten soils.

8. To restore to purity; to free from taint; as, to sweeten water,
butter, or meat.

SWEETEN
Sweet"en, v. i.

Defn: To become sweet. Bacon.

SWEETENER
Sweet"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, sweetens; one who palliates; that which
moderates acrimony.

SWEETENING
Sweet"en*ing, n.

1. The act of making sweet.

2. That which sweetens.

SWEETHEART
Sweet"heart`, n.

Defn: A lover of mistress.

SWEETHEARTING
Sweet"heart`ing, n.

Defn: Making love. "To play at sweethearting." W. Black.

SWEETING
Sweet"ing, n.

1. A sweet apple. Ascham.

2. A darling; -- a word of endearment. Shak.

SWEETISH
Sweet"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat sweet.
 -- Sweet"ish*ness, n.

SWEETLY
Sweet"ly, adv. Etym: [AS. swetlice.]

Defn: In a sweet manner.

SWEETMEAT
Sweet"meat`, n.

1. Fruit preserved with sugar, as peaches, pears, melons, nuts,
orange peel, etc.; -- usually in the plural; a confect; a confection.

2. The paint used in making patent leather.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A boat shell (Crepidula fornicata) of the American coast.
[Local, U.S.]

SWEETNESS
Sweet"ness, n. Etym: [AS. swetness.]

Defn: The quality or state of being sweet (in any sense of the
adjective); gratefulness to the taste or to the smell; agreeableness.

SWEETROOT
Sweet"root`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Licorice.

SWEET-SCENTED
Sweet"-scent`ed, a.

Defn: Having a sweet scent or smell; fragrant. Sweet-scented shrub
(Bot.), a shrub of the genus Calycanthus, the flowers of which, when
crushed, have a fragrance resembling that of strawberries.

SWEET-SOP
Sweet"-sop`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of custard apple (Anona squamosa). See under Custard.

SWEETWATER
Sweet"wa`ter, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A variety of white grape, having a sweet watery juice; -- also
called white sweetwater, and white muscadine.

SWEETWEED
Sweet"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name for two tropical American weeds (Capraria biflora, and
Scoparia dulcis) of the Figwort family.

SWEETWOOD
Sweet"wood`, n. (Bot.)
(a) The true laurel (Laurus nobilis.)
(b) The timber of the tree Oreodaphne Leucoxylon, growing in Jamaica.
The name is also applied to the timber of several other related
trees.

SWEETWORT
Sweet"wort`, n.

Defn: Any plant of a sweet taste.

SWEIGH
Sweigh, n.

Defn: Sway; movement. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SWEINMOTE
Swein"mote`, n.

Defn: See Swainmote. [Obs.]

SWELL
Swell, v. i. [imp. Swelled; p. p. Swelled or Swollen (; p. pr. & vb.
n. Swelling.] Etym: [AS. swellan; akin to D. zwellen, OS. & OHG.
swellan, G. schwellen, Icel. svella, Sw. svälla.]

1. To grow larger; to dilate or extend the exterior surface or
dimensions, by matter added within, or by expansion of the inclosed
substance; as, the legs swell in dropsy; a bruised part swells; a
bladder swells by inflation.

2. To increase in size or extent by any addition; to increase in
volume or force; as, a river swells, and overflows its banks; sounds
swell or diminish.

3. To rise or be driven into waves or billows; to heave; as, in
tempest, the ocean swells into waves.

4. To be puffed up or bloated; as, to swell with pride.
You swell at the tartan, as the bull is said to do at scarlet. Sir W.
Scott.

5. To be inflated; to belly; as, the sails swell.

6. To be turgid, bombastic, or extravagant; as, swelling words; a
swelling style.

7. To protuberate; to bulge out; as, a cask swells in the middle.

8. To be elated; to rise arrogantly.
Your equal mind yet swells not into state. Dryden.

9. To grow upon the view; to become larger; to expand. "Monarchs to
behold the swelling scene!" Shak.

10. To become larger in amount; as, many little debts added, swell to
a great amount.

11. To act in a pompous, ostentatious, or arrogant manner; to strut;
to look big.
Here he comes, swelling like a turkey cock. Shak.

SWELL
Swell, v. t.

1. To increase the size, bulk, or dimensions of; to cause to rise,
dilate, or increase; as, rains and dissolving snow swell the rivers
in spring; immigration swells the population.
[The Church] swells her high, heart-cheering tone. Keble.

2. To aggravate; to heighten.
It is low ebb with his accuser when such peccadilloes are put to
swell the charge. Atterbury.

3. To raise to arrogance; to puff up; to inflate; as, to be swelled
with pride or haughtiness.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: To augment gradually in force or loudness, as the sound of a
note.

SWELL
Swell, n.

1. The act of swelling.

2. Gradual increase. Specifically:
(a) Increase or augmentation in bulk; protuberance.
(b) Increase in height; elevation; rise.
Little River affords navigation during a swell to within three miles
of the Miami. Jefferson.

(c) Increase of force, intensity, or volume of sound.
Music arose with its voluptuous swell. Byron.

(d) Increase of power in style, or of rhetorical force.
The swell and subsidence of his periods. Landor.

3. A gradual ascent, or rounded elevation, of land; as, an extensive
plain abounding with little swells.

4. A wave, or billow; especially, a succession of large waves; the
roll of the sea after a storm; as, a heavy swell sets into the
harbor.
The swell Of the long waves that roll in yonder bay. Tennyson.
The gigantic swells and billows of the snow. Hawthorne.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: A gradual increase and decrease of the volume of sound; the
crescendo and diminuendo combined; -- generally indicated by the
sign.

6. A showy, dashing person; a dandy. [Slang] Ground swell. See under
Ground.
 -- Organ swell (Mus.), a certain number of pipes inclosed in a box,
the uncovering of which by means of a pedal produces increased sound.
 -- Swell shark (Zoöl.), a small shark (Scyllium ventricosum) of the
west coast of North America, which takes in air when caught, and
swells up like a swellfish.

SWELL
Swell, a.

Defn: Having the characteristics of a person of rank and importance;
showy; dandified; distinguished; as, a swell person; a swell
neighborhood. [Slang] Swell mob. See under Mob. [Slang]

SWELLDOM
Swell"dom, n.

Defn: People of rank and fashion; the class of swells, collectively.
[Jocose]

SWELLFISH
Swell"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any plectognath fish that dilates itself, as the bur fish,
puffer, or diodon.

SWELLING
Swell"ing, n.

1. The act of that which swells; as, the swelling of rivers in
spring; the swelling of the breast with pride.
Rise to the swelling of the voiceless sea. Coleridge.

2. A protuberance; a prominence; especially (Med.),

Defn: an unnatural prominence or protuberance; as, a scrofulous
swelling.
The superficies of such plates are not even, but have many cavities
and swellings. Sir I. Newton.

SWELLISH
Swell"ish, a.

Defn: Dandified; stylish. [Slang]

SWELLTOAD
Swell"toad`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A swellfish.

SWELT
Swelt, obs.

Defn: imp. of Swell.

SWELT
Swelt, v. i. Etym: [OE. swelten to die, to swoon or faint, AS.
sweltan to die; akin to OD. swelten to hunger, to fail, OS. sweltan
to die, Icel. svelta to die, to hunger, Sw. svälta to hunger, Dan.
sulte, Goth. sviltan to die. Cf. Swelter, Sweltry.]

1. To die; to perish. [Obs.]

2. To faint; to swoon. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Night she swelt for passing joy. Spenser.

SWELT
Swelt, v. t.

Defn: To overpower, as with heat; to cause to faint; to swelter.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Bp. Hall.

SWELTER
Swel"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sweltered; p. pr. & vb. n. Sweltering.]
Etym: [From Swelt, v. i.]

1. To be overcome and faint with heat; to be ready to perish with
heat. "Sweltered cattle." Coleridge.

2. To welter; to soak. [Obs.] Drayton.

SWELTER
Swel"ter, v. t.

1. To oppress with heat. Bentley.

2. To exude, like sweat. [R.] Shak.

SWELTRY
Swel"try, a. Etym: [See Swelter, Swelt, v. i., and cf. Sultry.]

Defn: Suffocating with heat; oppressively hot; sultry. [R.] Evelyn.

SWELVE
Swel"ve, v. t.

Defn: To swallow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SWEPT
Swept,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Sweep.

SWERD
Swerd, n. & v.

Defn: See Sward, n. & v. [Obs.]

SWERD
Swerd, n.

Defn: Sword. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SWERVE
Swerve, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swerved; p. pr. & vb. n. Swerving.] Etym:
[OE. swerven, AS. sweorfan to wipe off, to file, to polish; akin to
OFries. swerva to creep, D. zwerven to swerve, to rope, OS. swerban
to wipe off, MHG. swerben to be whirled, OHG. swerban to wipe off,
Icel. sverfa to file, Goth. swaírban (in comp.) to wipe, and perhaps
to E. swarm. Cf. Swarm.]

1. To stray; to wander; to rope. [Obs.]
A maid thitherward did run, To catch her sparrow which from her did
swerve. Sir P. Sidney.

2. To go out of a straight line; to deflect. "The point [of the
sword] swerved." Sir P. Sidney.

3. To wander from any line prescribed, or from a rule or duty; to
depart from what is established by law, duty, custom, or the like; to
deviate.
I swerve not from thy commandments. Bk. of Com. Prayer.
They swerve from the strict letter of the law. Clarendon.
Many who, through the contagion of evil example, swerve exceedingly
from the rules of their holy religion. Atterbury.

4. To bend; to incline. "The battle swerved." Milton.

5. To climb or move upward by winding or turning.
The tree was high; Yet nimbly up from bough to bough I swerved.
Dryden.

SWERVE
Swerve, v. t.

Defn: To turn aside. Gauden.

SWEVEN
Swe"ven, n. Etym: [AS. swefen sleep, dream; akin to swebban, swefian,
to put to sleep, to kill. *176. See Somnolent.]

Defn: A vision seen in sleep; a dream. [Obs.] Wycliff (Acts ii. 17).
I defy both sweven and dream. Chaucer.

SWICH
Swich, a. Etym: [See Such.]

Defn: Such. [Obs.]
Swich things as that I know I will declare. Chaucer.

SWIETENIA
Swie*te"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named after Gerard Van Sweiten, physician
to Maria Theresa of Austria.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of meliaceous trees consisting of one species
(Sweitenia Mahogoni), the mahogany tree.

SWIFT
Swift, a. [Compar. Swifter; superl. Swiftest.] Etym: [AS. swift; akin
to swapan to sweep, swipu a whip; cf. swifan to move quickly, to
revolve. See Swoop, v. i., and cf. Swivel, Squib.]

1. Moving a great distance in a short time; moving with celerity or
velocity; fleet; rapid; quick; speedy; prompt.
My beloved brethren, let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak,
slow to wrath. James i. 19.
Swift of dispatch and easy of access. Dryden.
And bring upon themselves swift destruction. 2 Pet. ii. 1.

2. Of short continuance; passing away quickly. Shak.

Note: Swift is often used in the formation of compounds which are
generally self-explaining; as, swift-darting, swift-footed, swift-
winged, etc.

Syn.
 -- Quick; fleet; speedy; rapid; expeditious.

SWIFT
Swift, adv.

Defn: Swiftly. [Obs. or Poetic] Shak.
Ply swift and strong the oar. Southey.

SWIFT
Swift, n.

1. The current of a stream. [R.] Walton.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small, long-winged,
insectivorous birds of the family Micropodidæ. In form and habits the
swifts resemble swallows, but they are destitute of complex vocal
muscles and are not singing birds, but belong to a widely different
group allied to the humming birds.

Note: The common European swift (Cypselus, or Micropus, apus) nests
in church steeples and under the tiles of roofs, and is noted for its
rapid flight and shrill screams. It is called also black martin,
black swift, hawk swallow, devil bird, swingdevil, screech martin,
and shreik owl. The common American, or chimney, swift (Chætura
pelagica) has sharp rigid tips to the tail feathers. It attaches its
nest to the inner walls of chimneys, and is called also chimney
swallow. The Australian swift (Chætura caudacuta) also has sharp
naked tips to the tail quills. The European Alpine swift (Cypselus
melba) is whitish beneath, with a white band across the breast. The
common Indian swift is Cypselus affinis. See also Palm swift, under
Palm, and Tree swift, under Tree.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of lizards, as the pine lizard.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ghost moth. See under Ghost.

5. Etym: [Cf. Swivel.]

Defn: A reel, or turning instrument, for winding yarn, thread, etc.;
-- used chiefly in the plural.

6. The main card cylinder of a flax-carding machine.

SWIFTER
Swift"er, n. Etym: [Cf. Swivel.] (Naut.)
(a) A rope used to retain the bars of the capstan in their sockets
while men are turning it.
(b) A rope used to encircle a boat longitudinally, to strengthen and
defend her sides.
(c) The forward shroud of a lower mast.

SWIFTER
Swift"er, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To tighten, as slack standing rigging, by bringing the opposite
shrouds nearer.

SWIFTFOOT
Swift"foot`, a.

Defn: Nimble; fleet. Mir. for Mag.

SWIFTFOOT
Swift"foot`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The courser.

SWIFTLET
Swift"let, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small East Indian and Asiatic
swifts of the genus Collocalia. Some of the species are noted for
furnishing the edible bird's nest. See Illust. under Edible.

SWIFTLY
Swift"ly, adv.

Defn: In a swift manner; with quick motion or velocity; fleetly.
Wyclif.

SWIFTNESS
Swift"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being swift; speed; quickness;
celerity; velocity; rapidity; as, the swiftness of a bird; the
swiftness of a stream; swiftness of descent in a falling body;
swiftness of thought, etc.

SWIG
Swig, v. t. Etym: [Cf. D. zwelgen to swallow, E. swallow, v.t.]

1. To drink in long draughts; to gulp; as, to swig cider. [Colloq.]

2. To suck. [Obs. or Archaic]
The lambkins swig the teat. Creech.

SWIG
Swig, n.

1. A long draught. [Colloq.] Marryat.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A tackle with ropes which are not parallel.

3. A beverage consisting of warm beer flavored with spices, lemon,
etc. [Prov. Eng.]

SWIG
Swig, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. swig to leak out, AS. swijian to be
silent, swican to evade, escape.]

1. To castrate, as a ram, by binding the testicles tightly with a
string, so that they mortify and slough off. [Prov. Eng.]

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To pull upon (a tackle) by throwing the weight of the body upon
the fall between the block and a cleat.

SWILL
Swill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Swilling.] Etym:
[OE. swilen to wash, AS. swilian.]

1. To wash; to drench. [Obs.]
As fearfully as doth a galled rock O'erhang and jutty his confounded
base, Swilled with the wild and wasteful ocean. Shak.

2. Etym: [Properly, to drink like a pig. See Swill, n.]

Defn: To drink in great draughts; to swallow greedily.
Well-dressed people, of both sexes, . . . devouring sliced beef, and
swilling pork, and punch, and cider. Smollett.

3. To inebriate; to fill with drink.
I should be loth To meet the rudeness and swilled insolence Of such
late wassailers. Milton.

SWILL
Swill, v. i.

Defn: To drink greedily or swinishly; to drink to excess. South.

SWILL
Swill, n.

1. The wash, or mixture of liquid substances, given to swine;
hogwash; -- called also swillings.

2. Large draughts of liquor; drink taken in excessive quantities.

SWILLER
Swill"er, n.

Defn: One who swills.

SWILLINGS
Swill"ings, n. pl.

Defn: See Swill, n., 1.

SWIM
Swim, v. i. [imp. Swam or Swum (; p. p. Swum; p. pr. & vb. n.
Swimming.] Etym: [AS. swimman; akin to D. zwemmen, OHG. swimman, G.
schwimmen, Icel. svimma, Dan. swömme, Sw. simma. Cf. Sound an air
bladder, a strait.]

1. To be supported by water or other fluid; not to sink; to float;
as, any substance will swim, whose specific gravity is less than that
of the fluid in which it is immersed.

2. To move progressively in water by means of strokes with the hands
and feet, or the fins or the tail.
Leap in with me into this angry flood, And swim to yonder point.
Shak.

3. To be overflowed or drenched. Ps. vi. 6.
Sudden the ditches swell, the meadows swim. Thomson.

4. Fig.: To be as if borne or floating in a fluid.
[They] now swim in joy. Milton.

5. To be filled with swimming animals. [Obs.]
[Streams] that swim full of small fishes. Chaucer.

SWIM
Swim, v. t.

1. To pass or move over or on by swimming; as, to swim a stream.
Sometimes he thought to swim the stormy main. Dryden.

2. To cause or compel to swim; to make to float; as, to swim a horse
across a river.

3. To immerse in water that the lighter parts may float; as, to swim
wheat in order to select seed.

SWIM
Swim, n.

1. The act of swimming; a gliding motion, like that of one swimming.
B. Jonson.

2. The sound, or air bladder, of a fish.

3. A part of a stream much frequented by fish. [Eng.] Swim bladder,
an air bladder of a fish.
 -- To be in the swim, to be in a favored position; to be associated
with others in active affairs. [Colloq.]

SWIM
Swim, v. i. Etym: [OE. swime dizziness, vertigo, AS. swima; akin to
D. zwijm, Icel. svimi dizziness, svina to subside, svia to abate, G.
schwindel dizziness, schwinden to disappear, to dwindle, OHG. swinan
to dwindle. Cf. Squemish, Swindler.]

Defn: To be dizzy; to have an unsteady or reeling sensation; as, the
head swims.

SWIMBEL
Swim"bel, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A moaning or sighing sound or noise; a sough. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SWIMMER
Swim"mer, n.

1. One who swims.

2. (Far.)

Defn: A protuberance on the leg of a horse.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A swimming bird; one of the natatores. Little swimmer (Zoöl.),
a phalarope.

SWIMMERET
Swim"mer*et, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a series of flat, fringed, and usually bilobed,
appendages, of which several pairs occur on the abdominal somites of
many crustaceans. They are used as fins in swimming.

SWIMMING
Swim"ming, a.

1. That swims; capable of swimming; adapted to, or used in, swimming;
as, a swimming bird; a swimming motion.

2. Suffused with moisture; as, swimming eyes. Swimming bell (Zoöl.),
a nectocalyx. See Illust. under Siphonophora.
 -- Swimming crab (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of marine
crabs, as those of the family Protunidæ, which have some of the
joints of one or more pairs of legs flattened so as to serve as fins.

SWIMMING
Swim"ming, n.

Defn: The act of one who swims.

SWIMMING
Swim"ming, a. Etym: [From Swim to be dizzy.]

Defn: Being in a state of vertigo or dizziness; as, a swimming brain.

SWIMMING
Swim"ming, n.

Defn: Vertigo; dizziness; as, a swimming in the head. Dryden.

SWIMMINGLY
Swim"ming*ly, adv.

Defn: In an easy, gliding manner, as if swimming; smoothly;
successfully; prosperously.

SWIMMINGNESS
Swim"ming*ness, n.

Defn: Act or state of swimming; suffusion. "A swimmingness in the
eye." Congreve.

SWINCK
Swinck, v. & n.

Defn: See Swink.

SWINDLE
Swin"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swindled; p. pr. & vb. n. Swindling.]
Etym: [See Swindler.]

Defn: To cheat defraud grossly, or with deliberate artifice; as, to
swindle a man out of his property.
Lammote . . . has swindled one of them out of three hundred livres.
Carlyle.

SWINDLE
Swin"dle, n.

Defn: The act or process of swindling; a cheat.

SWINDLER
Swin"dler, n. Etym: [G. schwindler, fr. schwindlen to be dizzy, to
act thoughtlessly, to cheat, fr. schwindel dizziness, fr. schwinden
to vanish, to disappear, to dwindle. See Swim to be dizzy.]

Defn: One who swindles, or defrauds grossly; one who makes a practice
of defrauding others by imposition or deliberate artifice; a cheat.

Syn.
 -- Sharper; rogue.
 -- Swindler, Sharper. These words agree in describing persons who
take unfair advantages. A swindler is one who obtains money or goods
under false pretenses. A sharper is one who cheats by sharp practice,
as in playing at cards or staking what he can not pay.
Fraud and injustice soon follow, and the dignity of the British
merchant is sunk in the scandalous appellation of a swindler. V.
Knox.
Perhaps you 'll think I act the same As a sly sharper plays his game.
Cotton.

SWINDLERY
Swin"dler*y, n.

Defn: Swindling; rougery. [R.] "Swindlery and blackguardism."
Carlyle.

SWINE
Swine, n.sing. & pl. Etym: [OE. swin, AS. swin; akin to OFries. & OS.
swin, D. zwijn, G. schwein, OHG. swin, Icel. svin, Sw. svin, Dan.
sviin, Goth. swein; originally a diminutive corresponding to E. sow.
See Sow, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any animal of the hog kind, especially one of the domestical
species. Swine secrete a large amount of subcutaneous fat, which,
when extracted, is known as lard. The male is specifically called
boar, the female, sow, and the young, pig. See Hog. "A great herd of
swine." Mark v. 11. Swine grass (Bot.), knotgrass (Polygonum
aviculare); -- so called because eaten by swine.
 -- Swine oat (Bot.), a kind of oat sometimes grown for swine.
 -- Swine's cress (Bot.), a species of cress of the genus Senebiera
(S. Coronopus).
 -- Swine's head, a dolt; a blockhead. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- Swine thistle (Bot.), the sow thistle.

SWINEBREAD
Swine"bread`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The truffle.

SWINECASE
Swine"case`, n.

Defn: A hogsty. [Prov. Eng.]

SWINECOTE
Swine"cote`, n.

Defn: A hogsty. [Prov. Eng.]

SWINECRUE
Swine"crue`, n. Etym: [Swine + Prov. E. crue a coop.]

Defn: A hogsty. [Prov. Eng.]

SWINEFISH
Swine"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wolf fish.

SWINEHERD
Swine"herd`, n.

Defn: A keeper of swine.

SWINEPIPE
Swine"pipe`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European redwing. [Prov. Eng.]

SWINE-POX
Swine"-pox`, n. (Med.)

Defn: A variety of the chicken pox, with acuminated vesicles
containing a watery fluid; the water pox. Pepys.

SWINERY
Swin"er*y, n.

Defn: Same as Piggery. [R.]

SWINESTONE
Swine"stone`, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Stinkstone.

SWINESTY
Swine"sty`, n.

Defn: A sty, or pen, for swine.

SWING
Swing, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swung; Archaic imp. Swang; p. pr. & vb. n.
Swinging.] Etym: [OE. swingen, AS. swingan to scourge, to fly, to
flutter; akin to G. schwingen to winnow, to swingle, oscillate, sich
schwingen to leap, to soar, OHG. swingan to throw, to scourge, to
soar, Sw. svinga to swing, to whirl, Dan. svinge. Cf. Swagger, Sway,
Swinge, Swink.]

1. To move to and fro, as a body suspended in the air; to wave; to
vibrate; to oscillate.
I tried if a pendulum would swing faster, or continue swinging
longer, in case of exsuction of the air. Boyle.

2. To sway or move from one side or direction to another; as, the
door swung open.

3. To use a swing; as, a boy swings for exercise or pleasure. See
Swing, n., 3.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: To turn round by action of wind or tide when at anchor; as, a
ship swings with the tide.

5. To be hanged. [Colloq.] D. Webster. To swing round the circle, to
make a complete circuit. [Colloq.]
He had swung round the circle of theories and systems in which his
age abounded, without finding relief. A. V. G. Allen.

SWING
Swing, v. t.

1. To cause to swing or vibrate; to cause to move backward and
forward, or from one side to the other.
He swings his tail, and swiftly turns his round. Dryden.
They get on ropes, as you must have seen the children, and are swung
by their men visitants. Spectator.

2. To give a circular movement to; to whirl; to brandish; as, to
swing a sword; to swing a club; hence, colloquially, to manage; as,
to swing a business.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: To admit or turn (anything) for the purpose of shaping it; --
said of a lathe; as, the lathe can swing a pulley of 12 inches
diameter. To swing a door, gate, etc. (Carp.), to put it on hinges so
that it can swing or turn.

SWING
Swing, n.

1. The act of swinging; a waving, oscillating, or vibratory motion of
a hanging or pivoted object; oscillation; as, the swing of a
pendulum.

2. Swaying motion from one side or direction to the other; as, some
men walk with a swing.

3. A line, cord, or other thing suspended and hanging loose, upon
which anything may swing; especially, an apparatus for recreation by
swinging, commonly consisting of a rope, the two ends of which are
attached overhead, as to the bough of a tree, a seat being placed in
the loop at the bottom; also, any contrivance by which a similar
motion is produced for amusement or exercise.

4. Influence of power of a body put in swaying motion.
The ram that batters down the wall, For the great swing and rudeness
of his poise, They place before his hand that made the engine. Shak.

5. Capacity of a turning lathe, as determined by the diameter of the
largest object that can be turned in it.

6. Free course; unrestrained liberty or license; tendency. "Take thy
swing." Dryden.
To prevent anything which may prove an obstacle to the full swing of
his genius. Burke.
Full swing. See under Full.
 -- Swing beam (Railway Mach.), a crosspiece sustaining the car body,
and so suspended from the framing of a truck that it may have an
independent lateral motion.
 -- Swing bridge, a form of drawbridge which swings horizontally, as
on a vertical pivot.
 -- Swing plow, or Swing plough. (a) A plow without a fore wheel
under the beam. (b) A reversible or sidehill plow.
 -- Swing wheel. (a) The scape-wheel in a clock, which drives the
pendulum. (b) The balance of a watch.

SWINGDEVIL
Swing"dev`il, n. (Zoöl.) Etym: [So named from its swift flight and
dark color, which give it an uncanny appearance.]

Defn: The European swift. [Prov. Eng.]

SWINGE
Swinge (swînj), v. & n.

Defn: See Singe. [Obs.] Spenser.

SWINGE
Swinge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swinged (swînjd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Swingeing (swînj"îng).] Etym: [OE. swengen, AS. swengan to shake,
causative of swingan. See Swing.]

1. To beat soundly; to whip; to chastise; to punish.
I had swinged him soundly. Shak.
And swinges his own vices in his son. C. Dryden.

2. To move as a lash; to lash. [Obs.]
Swinges the scaly horror of his folded tail. Milton.

SWINGE
Swinge, n.

1. The sweep of anything in motion; a swinging blow; a swing. [Obs.]
Waller.

2. Power; sway; influence. [Obs.]

SWINGEBUCKLER
Swinge"buc`kler, n.

Defn: A swashbuckler; a bully; a roiserer. [Obs.] Shak.

SWINGEING
Swinge"ing, a.

Defn: Huge; very large. [Colloq.] Arbuthnot. Byron.
 -- Swinge"ing*ly, adv. Dryden.

SWINGEL
Swin"gel, n. Etym: [AS. swingele whip, scourge. See Swing.]

Defn: The swinging part of a flail which falls on the grain in
thrashing; the swiple.

SWINGER
Swing"er, n.

Defn: One who swings or whirls.

SWINGER
Swin"ger, n.

1. One who swinges.

2. Anything very large, forcible; or astonishing. [Obs. or Colloq.]
Herrick.

Defn: A person who engages frequently in lively and fashionable
pursuits, such as attending night clubs or discos. 4. A person who
engages freely in sexual intercourse.

SWINGLE
Swin"gle, v. i. Etym: [Freq. of swing.]

1. To dangle; to wave hanging. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. To swing for pleasure. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SWINGLE
Swin"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swingled; p. pr. & vb. n. Swingling.]
Etym: [See Swingel.]

1. To clean, as flax, by beating it with a swingle, so as to separate
the coarse parts and the woody substance from it; to scutch.

2. To beat off the tops of without pulling up the roots; -- said of
weeds. [Prov. Eng.] Forby.

SWINGLE
Swin"gle, n.

Defn: A wooden instrument like a large knife, about two feet long,
with one thin edge, used for beating and cleaning flax; a scutcher; -
- called also swingling knife, swingling staff, and swingling wand.

SWINGLEBAR
Swin"gle*bar`, n.

Defn: A swingletree. De Quincey.

SWINGLETAIL
Swin"gle*tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The thrasher, or fox shark. See Thrasher.

SWINGLETREE
Swin"gle*tree`, n. Etym: [So named in allusion to its swinging. See
Swingle, v. i., and cf. Swingtree.]

Defn: A whiffletree, or whippletree. See Singletree.

SWINGLING
Swin"gling, a. & n.

Defn: from Swingle, v. t. Swingling tow, the coarse part of flax,
separated from the finer by swingling and hatcheling.

SWINGTREE
Swing"tree`, n.

Defn: The bar of a carriage to which the traces are fastened; the
whiffletree.

SWINISH
Swin"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to swine; befitting swine; like swine;
hoggish; gross; beasty; as, a swinish drunkard or sot. "Swinish
gluttony." Milton.
 -- Swin"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Swin"ish*ness, n.

SWINK
Swink, v. i. [imp. Swank, Swonk (; p. p. Swonken; p. pr. & vb. n.
Swinking.] Etym: [AS. swincan, akin to swingan. See Swing.]

Defn: To labor; to toil; to salve. [Obs. or Archaic]
Or swink with his hands and labor. Chaucer.
For which men swink and sweat incessantly. Spenser.
The swinking crowd at every stroke pant "Ho." Sir Samuel Freguson.

SWINK
Swink, v. t.

1. To cause to toil or drudge; to tire or exhaust with labor. [Obs.]
And the swinked hedger at his supper sat. Milton.

2. To acquire by labor. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
To devour all that others swink. Chaucer.

SWINK
Swink, n. Etym: [As. swinc, geswinc.]

Defn: Labor; toil; drudgery. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

SWINKER
Swink"er, n.

Defn: A laborer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SWINNEY
Swin"ney, n. (Far.)

Defn: See Sweeny.

SWIPE
Swipe, n. Etym: [Cf. Sweep, Swiple.]

1. A swape or sweep. See Sweep.

2. A strong blow given with a sweeping motion, as with a bat or club.
Swipes [in cricket] over the blower's head, and over either of the
long fields. R. A. Proctor.

3. pl.

Defn: Poor, weak beer; small beer. [Slang, Eng.] [Written also
swypes.] Craig.

SWIPE
Swipe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swiped; p. pr. & vb. n. Swiping.]

1. To give a swipe to; to strike forcibly with a sweeping motion, as
a ball.
Loose balls may be swiped almost ad libitum. R. A. Proctor.

2. To pluck; to snatch; to steal. [Slang, U.S.]

SWIPLE
Swi"ple, n. Etym: [See Swipe.]

Defn: That part of a flail which strikes the grain in thrashing; a
swingel. [Written also swipel, and swipple.]

SWIPPER
Swip"per, a. Etym: [From AS. swipian to whip, shake, whirl; akin to
swapan to sweep. See Swoop.]

Defn: Nimble; quick. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Slang]

SWIRL
Swirl, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Swirled; p. pr. & vb. n. Swirling.]
Etym: [Akin to Norw. svirla to whirl, freq. of sverra to whirl, Dan.
svirre, G. schwirren to whiz, to buzz. *177. See Swarm, n.]

Defn: To whirl, or cause to whirl, as in an eddy. "The river swirled
along." C. Kingsley.

SWIRL
Swirl, n.

Defn: A whirling motion; an eddy, as of water; a whirl. "The silent
swirl of bats." Mrs. Browning.

SWISH
Swish, v. t. Etym: [From the sound. Cf. Swash.]

1. To flourish, so as to make the sound swish. Coleridge.

2. To flog; to lash. [Slang] Thackeray.

SWISH
Swish, v. i.

Defn: To dash; to swash.

SWISH
Swish, n.

1. A sound of quick movement, as of something whirled through the
air. [Colloq.]

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Light driven spray. [Eng.]

SWISS
Swiss, n.sing. & pl. Etym: [F. Suisse, of German origin. Cf.
Switzer.]

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Switzerland; a Switzer; the people of
Switzerland.

SWISS
Swiss, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Switzerland, or the people of Switzerland.

SWITCH
Switch, n. Etym: [Cf. OD. swick a scourage, a whip. Cf. Swink,
Swing.]

1. A small, flexible twig or rod.
Mauritania, on the fifth medal, leads a horse with something like a
thread; in her other hand she holds a switch. Addison.

2. (Railways)

Defn: A movable part of a rail; or of opposite rails, for
transferring cars from one track to another.

3. A separate mass or trees of hair, or of some substance (at jute)
made to resemble hair, worn on the head by women.

4. (Eccl.)

Defn: A mechanical device for shifting an electric current to another
circuit. Safety switch (Railways), a form of switch contrived to
prevent or lessen the danger of derailment of trains.
 -- Switch back (Railways), an arrangement of tracks whereby
elevations otherwise insurmountable are passed. The track ascends by
a series of zigzags, the engine running alternately forward and back,
until the summit is reached.
 -- Switch board (Elec.), a collection of switches in one piece of
apparatus, so arranged that a number of circuits may be connected or
combined in any desired manner.
 -- Switch grass. (Bot.) See under Grass.

SWITCH
Switch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Switched; p. pr. & vb. n. Switching.]

1. To strike with a switch or small flexible rod; to whip. Chapman.

2. To swing or whisk; as, to switch a cane.

3. To trim, as, a hedge. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

4. To turn from one railway track to another; to transfer by a
switch; -- generally with off, from, etc.; as, to switch off a train;
to switch a car from one track to another.

5. (Eccl.)

Defn: To shift to another circuit.

SWITCH
Switch, v. i.

Defn: To walk with a jerk. [Prov. Eng.]

SWITCHEL
Switch"el, n. Etym: [See Sweet.]

Defn: A beverage of molasses and water, seasoned with vinegar and
ginger. [U. S.]

SWITCHING
Switch"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Switch, v. Switching engine, a locomotive for switching
cars from one track to another, and making up trains; -- called also
switch engine. [U.S.]

SWITCHMAN
Switch"man, n.; pl. Switchmen (.

Defn: One who tends a switch on a railway.

SWITCHY
Switch"y, a.

Defn: Whisking. [Colloq.] Coombe.

SWITHE
Swithe, adv. Etym: [AS. swi strongly, violently.]

Defn: Instantly; quickly; speedily; rapidly. [Obs.]
That thou doest, do thou swithe. Wyclif (John xiii. 27).

SWITZER
Switz"er, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schweizer. Cf. Swiss.]

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Switzerland; a Swiss.

SWIVE
Swive, v. t. Etym: [OE. swiven, fr. AS. swifan. See Swivel.]

Defn: To copulate with (a woman). [Obs.] Chaucer.

SWIVEL
Swiv"el, n. Etym: [AS. swifan to move quickly, to remove; akin to
Icel. sveifla to whirl, shake, svifa to ramble, to turn. See Swoop,
and cf. Swift a reel, Swift, a.]

1. (Mech.)

Defn: A piece, as a ring or hook, attached to another piece by a pin,
in such a manner as to permit rotation about the pin as an axis.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A small piece of ordnance, turning on a point or swivel; --
called also swivel gun. Wilhelm. Swivel bridge, a kind of drawbridge
that turns round on a vertical axis; a swing bridge.
 -- Swivel hook, a hook connected with the iron strap of a pulley
block by a swivel joint, for readily taking the turns out of a
tackle.
 -- Swivel joint, a joint, the two pieces composing which turn round,
with respect to each other, on a longitudinal pin or axis, as in a
chain, to prevent twisting.

SWIVEL
Swiv"el, v. i.

Defn: To swing or turn, as on a pin or pivot.

SWIVEL-EYED
Swiv"el-eyed`, a.

Defn: Squint-eyed. [Prov. Eng.]

SWIZZLE
Swiz"zle, v. t.

Defn: To drink; to swill. Halliwell.

SWIZZLE
Swiz"zle, n.

Defn: Ale and beer mixed; also, drink generally. [Prov. Eng.]

SWOB
Swob, n. & v.

Defn: See Swab.

SWOBBER
Swob"ber, n.

1. See Swabber.

2. pl.

Defn: Four privileged cards, formerly used in betting at the game of
whist. [Written also swabber.] Swift.

SWOLLEN
Swoll"en,

Defn: p. p. of Swell.

SWOLLEN
Swoll"en, a.

Defn: Enlarged by swelling; immoderately increased; as, swollen eyes;
swollen streams.

SWOLN
Swoln.

Defn: Contraction of Swollen, p. p. Milton.

SWOM
Swom, obs.

Defn: imp. of Swim. Shak.

SWOON
Swoon, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swooned; p. pr. & vb. n. Swooning.] Etym:
[OE. swounen, swoghenen, for swo, fr. swo to sigh deeply, to droop,
AS. swogan to sough, sigh; cf. geswogen senseless, swooned, geswowung
a swooning. Cf. Sough.]

Defn: To sink into a fainting fit, in which there is an apparent
suspension of the vital functions and mental powers; to faint; --
often with away.
The sucklings swoon in the streets of the city. Lam. ii. 11.
The most in years . . . swooned first away for pain. Dryden.
He seemed ready to swoon away in the surprise of joy. Tatler.

SWOON
Swoon, n.

Defn: A fainting fit; syncope.

SWOONING
Swoon"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Swoon, v.
 -- Swoon"ing*ly, adv.

SWOOP
Swoop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swooped; p. pr. & vb. n. Swooping.] Etym:
[OE. swopen, usually, to sweep, As. swapan to sweep, to rush; akin to
G. schweifen to rove, to ramble, to curve, OHG. sweifan to whirl,
Icel. sveipa to sweep; also to AS. swifan to move quickly. Cf. Sweep,
Swift, a. & n., Swipe, Swivel.]

1. To fall on at once and seize; to catch while on the wing; as, a
hawk swoops a chicken.

2. To seize; to catch up; to take with a sweep.
And now at last you came to swoop it all. Dryden.
The grazing ox which swoops it [the medicinal herb] in with the
common grass. Glanvill.

SWOOP
Swoop, v. i.

1. To descend with closed wings from a height upon prey, as a hawk;
to swoop.

2. To pass with pomp; to sweep. [Obs.] Drayton.

SWOOP
Swoop, n.

Defn: A falling on and seizing, as the prey of a rapacious bird; the
act of swooping.
The eagle fell, . . . and carried away a whole litter of cubs at a
swoop. L'Estrange.

SWOOPSTAKE
Swoop"stake`, n.

Defn: See Sweepstake. [Obs.]

SWOOPSTAKE
Swoop"stake`, adv.

Defn: Altogether; indiscriminately. [R.] Shak.

SWOP
Swop, v. & n.

Defn: Same as Swap. Dryden.

SWORD
Sword, n. Etym: [OE. swerd, AS. sweord; akin to OFries. swerd, swird,
D. zwaard, OS. swerd, OHG. swert, G. schwert, Icel. sver, Sw. svärd,
Dan. sværd; of uncertain origin.]

1. An offensive weapon, having a long and usually sharp

2. Hence, the emblem of judicial vengeance or punishment, or of
authority and power.
He [the ruler] beareth not the sword in vain. Rom. xiii. 4.
She quits the balance, and resigns the sword. Dryden.

3. Destruction by the sword, or in battle; war; dissension.
I came not to send peace, but a sword. Matt. x. 34.

4. The military power of a country.
He hath no more authority over the sword than over the law. Milton.

5. (Weaving)

Defn: One of the end bars by which the lay of a hand loom is
suspended. Sword arm, the right arm.
 -- Sword bayonet, a bayonet shaped somewhat like a sword, and which
can be used as a sword.
 -- Sword bearer, one who carries his master's sword; an officer in
London who carries a sword before the lord mayor when he goes abroad.
 -- Sword belt, a belt by which a sword is suspended, and borne at
the side.
 -- Sword blade, the blade, or cutting part, of a sword.
 -- Sword cane, a cane which conceals the blade of a sword or dagger,
as in a sheath.
 -- Sword dance. (a) A dance in which swords are brandished and
clashed together by the male dancers. Sir W. Scott. (b) A dance
performed over swords laid on the ground, but without touching them.
 -- Sword fight, fencing; a combat or trial of skill with swords;
swordplay.
 -- Sword grass. (Bot.) See Gladen.
 -- Sword knot, a ribbon tied to the hilt of a sword.
 -- Sword law, government by the sword, or by force; violence.
Milton.
 -- Sword lily. (Bot.) See Gladiolus.
 -- Sword mat (Naut.), a mat closely woven of yarns; -- so called
from a wooden implement used in its manufacture.
 -- Sword shrimp (Zoöl.), a European shrimp (Pasiphæa sivado) having
a very thin, compressed body.
 -- Sword stick, a sword cane.
 -- To measure swords with one. See under Measure, v. t.
 -- To put to the sword. See under Put.

SWORDBILL
Sword"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A humming bird (Docimastes ensiferus) having a very long,
slender bill, exceeding the length of the body of the bird.

SWORDED
Sword"ed, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. geswurdod.]

Defn: Girded with a sword. Milton.

SWORDER
Sword"er, n.

Defn: One who uses, or fights with, a sword; a swordsman; a soldier;
a cutthroat. [Obs.] Shak.

SWORDFISH
Sword"fish`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) A very large oceanic fish (Xiphias gladius), the only
representative of the family Xiphiidæ. It is highly valued as a food
fish. The bones of the upper jaw are consolidated, and form a long,
rigid, swordlike beak; the dorsal fin is high and without distinct
spines; the ventral fins are absent. The adult is destitute of teeth.
It becomes sixteen feet or more long.
(b) The ger pike.
(c) The cutlass fish.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A southern constellation. See Dorado, 1. Swordfish sucker
(Zoöl.), a remora (Remora brachyptera) which attaches itself to the
swordfish.

SWORDICK
Sword"ick, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The spotted gunnel (Murænoides gunnellus). [Prov. Eng.]

SWORDING
Sword"ing, n.

Defn: Slashing with a sword. Tennyson.

SWORDLESS
Sword"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a sword.

SWORDMAN
Sword"man, n.; pl. Swordmen (.

Defn: A swordsman. "Sinewy swordmen." Shak.

SWORDPLAY
Sword"play`, n.

Defn: Fencing; a sword fight.

SWORDPLAYER
Sword"play`er, n.

Defn: A fencer; a gladiator; one who exhibits his skill in the use of
the sword.

SWORD-SHAPED
Sword"-shaped`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Shaped like a sword; ensiform, as the long, flat leaves of the
Iris, cattail, and the like.

SWORDSMAN
Swords"man, n.; pl. Swordsmen (.

1. A soldier; a fighting man.

2. One skilled of a use of the sword; a professor of the science of
fencing; a fencer.

SWORDSMANSHIP
Swords"man*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a swordsman; skill in the use of the sword.
Cowper.

SWORDTAIL
Sword"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The limulus.
(b) Any hemipterous insect of the genus Uroxiphus, found upon forest
trees.

SWORE
Swore,

Defn: imp. of Swear.

SWORN
Sworn,

Defn: p. p. of Swear. Sworn brothers, originally, companions in arms
who took an oath to share together good and bad fortune; hence,
faithful friends.
 -- Sworn enemies, determined or irreconcilable enemies.
 -- Sworn friends, close friends.

SWOUGH
Swough, n. Etym: [See Swoon.]

1. A sound; a groan; a moan; a sough. [Obs.]
He sigheth with full many a sorry swough. Chaucer.

2. A swoon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SWOUND
Swound, v. & n.

Defn: See Swoon, v. & n. [Prov. Eng. or Archaic] Shak. Dryden.
The landlord stirred As one awaking from a swound. Longfellow.

'SWOUNDS
'Swounds, interj. Etym: [Cf. Zounds.]

Defn: An exclamation contracted from God's wounds; -- used as an
oath. [Obs. or Archaic] Shak.

SWOWN
Swown, v. & n.

Defn: Swoon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SWUM
Swum,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Swim.

SWUNG
Swung,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Swing.

SWYTHE
Swythe, adv.

Defn: Quickly. See Swithe. [Obs.]

SY
Sy, obs. imp. of See.

Defn: Saw. Chaucer.

SYB
Syb, a.

Defn: See Sib. [Obs. or Scot.]

SYBARITE
Syb"a*rite, n. Etym: [L. Sybarita, Gr. Sybarite.]

Defn: A person devoted to luxury and pleasure; a voluptuary.

SYBARITIC; SYBARITICAL
Syb`a*rit"ic, Syb`a*rit"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. Sybariticus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Sybarites; resembling the Sybarites;
luxurious; wanton; effeminate. "Sybaritic dinners." Bp. Warburton.
"Sybaritical cloistres." Bp. Hall.

SYBARITISM
Syb"a*rit*ism, n.

Defn: Luxuriousness; effeminacy; wantonness; voluptuousness.

SYCAMINE
Syc"a*mine, n. Etym: [L. sycaminus, Gr.

Defn: See Sycamore.

SYCAMORE
Syc"a*more, n. Etym: [L. sycomorus, Gr. sycomore. Cf. Mulberry.]
(Bot.)
(a) A large tree (Ficus Sycomorus) allied to the common fig. It is
found in Egypt and Syria, and is the sycamore, or sycamine, of
Scripture.
(b) The American plane tree, or buttonwood.
(c) A large European species of maple (Acer Pseudo-Platanus).
[Written sometimes sycomore.]

SYCE
Syce, n. Etym: [Ar. sa\'8bs.]

Defn: A groom. [India]

SYCEE
Sy*cee", n. Etym: [Said to be from a Chinese word, se-tze or se-sze,
meaning, fine silk, and to be so called because if pure it may be
drawn out into fine threads.]

Defn: Silver, pounded into ingots of the shape of a shoe, and used as
currency. The most common weight is about one pound troy. [China]
McElrath.

SYCHNOCARPOUS
Sych`no*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the capacity of bearing several successive crops of
fruit without perishing; as, sychnocarpous plants.

SYCITE
Sy"cite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A nodule of flint, or a pebble, which resembles a fig. [Obs.]

SYCOCERIC
Syc`o*cer"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the
oxidation of sycoceryl alcohol.

SYCOCERYL
Syc`o*ce"ryl, n. Etym: [Gr. -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A radical, of the aromatic series, regarded as an essential
ingredient of certain compounds found in the waxy resin of an
Australian species of fig.

SYCOCK
Sy"cock, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The missel thrush. [Prov. Eng.]

SYCONES
Sy*co"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of calcareous sponges.

Note: They usually resemble a fig, being vase-shaped with a fringed
opening at the summit. The feeding cells are in ampullæ connected
with radial tubes in the thickened walls of the body.

SYCONIUM; SYCONUS
Sy*co"ni*um, Sy*co"nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A collective fleshy fruit, in which the ovaries are hidden
within a hollow receptacle, as in the fig.

SYCOPHANCY
Syc"o*phan*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. L. sycophantia deceit, Gr.

Defn: The character or characteristic of a sycophant. Hence: -
(a) False accusation; calumniation; talebearing. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
(b) Obsequious flattery; servility.
The sycophancy of A.Philips had prejudiced Mr. Addison against Pope.
Bp. Warburton.

SYCOPHANT
Syc"o*phant, n. Etym: [L. sycophanta a slanderer, deceiver, parasite,
Gr. sycophante. The reason for the name is not certainly known. See
Phenomenon.]

1. An informer; a talebearer. [Obs.] "Accusing sycophants, of all
men, did best sort to his nature." Sir P. Sidney.

2. A base parasite; a mean or servile flatterer; especially, a
flatterer of princes and great men.
A sycophant will everything admire: Each verse, each sentence, sets
his soul on fire. Dryden.

SYCOPHANT
Syc"o*phant, v. t. Etym: [CF. L. sycophantari to deceive, to trick,
Gr.

1. To inform against; hence, to calumniate. [Obs.]
Sycophanting and misnaming the work of his adversary. Milton.

2. To play the sycophant toward; to flatter obsequiously.

SYCOPHANT
Syc"o*phant, v. i.

Defn: To play the sycophant.

SYCOPHANTCY
Syc"o*phant*cy, n.

Defn: Sycophancy. [Obs.]

SYCOPHANTIC; SYCOPHANTICAL
Syc`o*phan"tic, Syc`o*phan"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a sycophant; characteristic of a sycophant;
meanly or obsequiously flattering; courting favor by mean adulation;
parasitic.
To be cheated and ruined by a sycophantical parasite. South.
Sycophantic servants to the King of Spain. De Quincey.

SYCOPHANTISH
Syc"o*phant`ish, a.

Defn: Like a sycophant; obsequiously flattering.
 -- Syc"o*phant`ish*ly, adv.
Sycophantish satirists that forever humor the prevailing folly. De
Quincey.

SYCOPHANTISM
Syc"o*phant*ism, n.

Defn: Sycophancy.

SYCOPHANTIZE
Syc"o*phant*ize, v. i.

Defn: To play the sycophant.

SYCOPHANTRY
Syc"o*phant*ry, n.

Defn: Sycophancy. [Obs.]

SYCOSIS
Sy*co"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A pustular eruption upon the scalp, or the beared part of the
face, whether due to ringworm, acne, or impetigo.

SYDEROLITE
Syd"er*o*lite, n.

Defn: A kind of Bohemian earthenware resembling the Wedgwood ware.

SYE
Sye, obs. imp. of See.

Defn: Saw. Chaucer.

SYENITE
Sy"e*nite, n. Etym: [L. Syenites (sc. lapis), from Syene, Gr. (Min.)
(a) Orig., a rock composed of quartz, hornblende, and feldspar,
anciently quarried at Syene, in Upper Egypt, and now called granite.
(b) A granular, crystalline, ingeous rock composed of orthoclase and
hornblende, the latter often replaced or accompanied by pyroxene or
mica. Syenite sometimes contains nephelite (elæolite) or leucite, and
is then called nephelite (elæolite) syenite or leucite syenite.

SYENITIC
Sy`e*nit"ic, a. Etym: [Written also sienitic.]

1. Relating to Syene; as, Syenitic inscriptions.

2. Relating to, or like, syenite; as, syenitic granite.

SYKE
Syke, n. & v.

Defn: See Sike. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SYKER
Syk"er, a. & adv.

Defn: See Sicker. [Obs.]

SYLE
Syle, n. Etym: [See Sile a young herring.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young herring (Clupea harengus). [Also written sile.]
But our folk call them syle, and nought but syle, And when they're
grown, why then we call them herring. J. Ingelow.

SYLLABARIUM
Syl`la*ba"ri*um, n.; pl. Syllabaria. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A syllabary.

SYLLABARY
Syl"la*ba*ry, n.

Defn: A table of syllables; more especially, a table of the
indivisible syllabic symbols used in certain languages, as the
Japanese and Cherokee, instead of letters. S. W. Williams.

SYLLABE
Syl"labe, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Syllable. [R.] B. Jonson.

SYLLABIC; SYLLABICAL
Syl*lab"ic, Syl*lab"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. syllabique.]

1. Of or pertaining to a syllable or syllables; as, syllabic accent.

2. Consisting of a syllable or syllables; as, a syllabic augment.
"The syllabic stage of writing." Earle.

SYLLABICALLY
Syl*lab"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a syllabic manner.

SYLLABICATE
Syl*lab"i*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Syllabicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Syllabicating.]

Defn: To form or divide into syllables; to syllabify.

SYLLABICATION
Syl*lab`i*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of forming syllables; the act or method of dividing
words into syllables. See Guide to Pron., §275.

SYLLABIFICATION
Syl*lab`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [See Syllabify.]

Defn: Same as Syllabication. Rush.
Syllabification depends not on mere force, but on discontinuity of
force. H. Sweet.

SYLLABIFY
Syl*lab"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Syllabified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Syllabifying.] Etym: [L. syllaba syllable + -fy.]

Defn: To form or divide into syllables.

SYLLABISM
Syl"la*bism, n.

Defn: The expressing of the sounds of a language by syllables, rather
than by an alphabet or by signs for words. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

SYLLABIST
Syl"la*bist, n.

Defn: One who forms or divides words into syllables, or is skilled in
doing this.

SYLLABIZE
Syl"la*bize, v. t.

Defn: To syllabify. Howell.

SYLLABLE
Syl"la*ble, n. Etym: [OE. sillable, OF. sillabe, F. syllabe, L.
syllaba, Gr. labh, rabh. Cf. Lemma, Dilemma.]

1. An elementary sound, or a combination of elementary sounds,
uttered together, or with a single effort or impulse of the voice,
and constituting a word or a part of a word. In other terms, it is a
vowel or a diphtong, either by itself or flanked by one or more
consonants, the whole produced by a single impulse or utterance. One
of the liquids, l, m, n, may fill the place of a vowel in a syllable.
Adjoining syllables in a word or phrase need not to be marked off by
a pause, but only by such an abatement and renewal, or reënforcement,
of the stress as to give the feeling of separate impulses. See Guide
to Pronunciation, §275.

2. In writing and printing, a part of a word, separated from the
rest, and capable of being pronounced by a single impulse of the
voice. It may or may not correspond to a syllable in the spoken
language.
Withouten vice [i. e. mistake] of syllable or letter. Chaucer.

3. A small part of a sentence or discourse; anything concise or
short; a particle.
Before any syllable of the law of God was written. Hooker.
Who dare speak One syllable against him Shak.

SYLLABLE
Syl"la*ble, v. t.

Defn: To pronounce the syllables of; to utter; to articulate. Milton.

SYLLABUB
Syl"la*bub, n.

Defn: Same as Syllabub.

SYLLABUS
Syl"la*bus, n.; pl. E. Syllabuses, L. Syllabi. Etym: [L., fr. the
same source as E. syllable.]

Defn: A compendium containing the heads of a discourse, and the like;
an abstract.

SYLLEPSIS
Syl*lep"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. sy`llhpsis a taking together, from
syllable, n.]

1. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech by which a word is used in a literal and
metaphorical sense at the same time.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: The agreement of a verb or adjective with one, rather than
another, of two nouns, with either of which it might agree in gender,
number, etc.; as, rex et regina beati.

SYLLEPTIC; SYLLEPTICAL
Syl*lep"tic, Syl*lep"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a syllepsis; containing syllepsis.
 -- Syl*lep"tic*al*ly, adv.

SYLLIDIAN
Syl*lid"i*an, n. Etym: [From NL. Syllis, the typical genus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine annelids of the family
Syllidæ.

Note: Many of the species are phosphorescent; others are remarkable
for undergoing strobilation or fission and for their polymorphism.
The egg, in such species, develops into an asexual individual. When
mature, a number of its posterior segments gradually develop into one
or more sexual individuals which finally break away and swim free in
the sea. The males, females, and neuters usually differ greatly in
form and structure.

SYLLOGISM
Syl"lo*gism, n. Etym: [OE. silogisme, OF. silogime, sillogisme, F.
syllogisme, L. syllogismus, Gr. syllogismo`s a reckoning all
together, a reasoning, syllogism, fr. syllogi`zesqai to reckon all
together, to bring at once before the mind, to infer, conclude; sy`n
with, together + logi`zesqai to reckon, to conclude by reasoning. See
Syn-, and Logistic, Logic.] (Logic)

Defn: The regular logical form of every argument, consisting of three
propositions, of which the first two are called the premises, and the
last, the conclusion. The conclusion necessarily follows from the
premises; so that, if these are true, the conclusion must be true,
and the argument amounts to demonstration;

Note: as in the following example: Every virtue is laudable; Kindness
is a virtue; Therefore kindness is laudable. These propositions are
denominated respectively the major premise, the minor premise, and
the conclusion.

Note: If the premises are not true and the syllogism is regular, the
reasoning is valid, and the conclusion, whether true or false, is
correctly derived.

SYLLOGISTIC; SYLLOGISTICAL
Syl`lo*gis"tic, Syl`lo*gis"tic*al, a. Etym: [L. syllogisticus, Gr.
syllogistique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a syllogism; consisting of a syllogism, or
of the form of reasoning by syllogisms; as, syllogistic arguments or
reasoning.

SYLLOGISTICALLY
Syl`lo*gis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a syllogistic manner.

SYLLOGIZATION
Syl`lo*gi*za"tion, n.

Defn: A reasoning by syllogisms. [Obs. or R.] Harris.

SYLLOGIZE
Syl"lo*gize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Syllogized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Syllogizing.] Etym: [Gr. syllogiser.]

Defn: To reason by means of syllogisms.
Men have endeavored . . . to teach boys to syllogize, or frame
arguments and refute them, without any real inward knowledge of the
question. I. Watts.

SYLLOGIZER
Syl"lo*gi`zer, n.

Defn: One who syllogizes.

SYLPH
Sylph, n. Etym: [F. sylphe, m., fr. Gr.

1. An imaginary being inhabiting the air; a fairy.

2. Fig.: A slender, graceful woman.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of very brilliant South American
humming birds, having a very long and deeply-forked tail; as, the
blue-tailed sylph (Cynanthus cyanurus).

SYLPHID
Sylph"id, n. Etym: [F. sylphide, fem. See Sylph.]

Defn: A little sylph; a young or diminutive sylph. "The place of the
sylphid queen." J. R. Drake.
Ye sylphs and sylphids, to your chief give ear, Fays, fairies, genii,
elves, and demons, hear. Pope.

SYLPHINE
Sylph"ine, a.

Defn: Like a sylph.

SYLPHISH
Sylph"ish, a.

Defn: Sylphlike. Carlyle.

SYLPHLIKE
Sylph"like`, a.

Defn: Like a sylph; airy; graceful.
Sometimes a dance . . . Displayed some sylphlike figures in its maze.
Byron.

SYLVA
Syl"va, n.; pl. Sylvæ. Etym: [L. sylva, better silva, a wood. See
Silva.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Silva.

SYLVAN
Syl"van, a. Etym: [See Silvan, a.]

1. Of or pertaining to a sylva; forestlike; hence, rural; rustic.
The traditional memory of a rural and a sylvan region . . . is
usually exact as well as tenacious. De Quincey.

2. Abounding in forests or in trees; woody.

SYLVAN
Syl"van, n. Etym: [L. Sylvanus, better Silvanus. See Silvan, a.]

Defn: A fabled deity of the wood; a satyr; a faun; sometimes, a
rustic.
Her private orchards, walled on every side, To lawless sylvans all
access denied. Pope.

SYLVAN
Syl"van, n. Etym: [Sylva + furfuran.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon obtained together with furfuran (tetrol)
by the distillation of pine wood; -- called also methyl tetrol, or
methyl furfuran.

SYLVANITE
Syl"van*ite, n. Etym: [So called from Transylvania, where it was
first found.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral, a telluride of gold and silver, of a steel-gray,
silver-white, or brass-yellow color. It often occurs in implanted
crystals resembling written characters, and hence is called graphic
tellurium. [Written also silvanite.]

SYLVANIUM
Syl*va"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL., so called from Transylvania, where it
was first found.] (Chem.)

Defn: An old name for tellurium. [Written also silvanium.]

SYLVATE
Syl"vate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sylvic acid.

SYLVATIC
Syl*vat"ic, a. Etym: [L. sylvaticus, better silvaticus. See Silvan,
a.]

Defn: Sylvan. [R.]

SYLVESTRIAN
Syl*ves"tri*an, a. Etym: [L. sylvestris, better silvestris.]

Defn: Sylvan. [R.]

SYLVIC
Syl"vic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, pine or its products;
specifically, designating an acid called also abeitic acid, which is
the chief ingredient of common resin (obtained from Pinus sylvestris,
and other species).

SYLVICOLINE
Syl*vic"o*line, a. Etym: [L. sylva, silva, forest + colere to
inhabit.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the family of warblers (Sylvicolidæ). See
Warbler.

SYLVICULTURE
Syl"vi*cul`ture, n. Etym: [L. sylva, silva, forest + E. culture.]

Defn: The cultivation of forest trees for timber or other purposes;
forestry; arboriculture.

SYLVICULTURIST
Syl`vi*cul"tur*ist, n.

Defn: One who cultivates forest trees, especially as a business.

SYLVINE; SYLVITE
Syl"vine, Syl"vite, n. Etym: [So called from NL. sal digestivus
sylvii potassium chloride.] (Min.)

Defn: Native potassium chloride.

SYM-
Sym-.

Defn: See Syn-.

SYMAR; SYMARR
Sy*mar", Sy"marr, n.

Defn: See Simar.

SYMBAL
Sym"bal, n.

Defn: See Cimbal. [Obs.]

SYMBIOSIS
Sym`bi*o"sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  a living together,  to live together;
with +  to live.] (Biol.)

Defn: The living together in more or less imitative association or
even close union of two dissimilar organisms. In a broad sense the
term includes parasitism, or antagonistic, or antipathetic,
symbiosis, in which the association is disadvantageous or destructive
to one of the organisms, but ordinarily it is used of cases where the
association is advantageous, or often necessary, to one or both, and
not harmful to either. When there is bodily union (in extreme cases
so close that the two form practically a single body, as in the union
of algæ and fungi to form lichens, and in the inclusion of algæ in
radiolarians) it is called conjunctive symbiosis; if there is no
actual union of the organisms (as in the association of ants with
myrmecophytes), disjunctive symbiosis.

SYMBIOTIC
Sym`bi*ot"ic, a. [Gr. .] (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, or living in, a state of
symbiosis. -- Sym`bi*ot"ic*al (#), a. -- Sym`bi*ot"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

SYMBOL
Sym"bol, n. Etym: [L. symbolus, symbolum, Gr. symbole. Cf. Emblem,
Parable.]

1. A visible sign or representation of an idea; anything which
suggests an idea or quality, or another thing, as by resemblance or
by convention; an emblem; a representation; a type; a figure; as, the
lion is the symbol of courage; the lamb is the symbol of meekness or
patience.
A symbol is a sign included in the idea which it represents, e.g., an
actual part chosen to represent the whole, or a lower form or species
used as the representative of a higher in the same kind. Coleridge.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Any character used to represent a quantity, an operation, a
relation, or an abbreviation.

Note: In crystallography, the symbol of a plane is the numerical
expression which defines its position relatively to the assumed axes.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: An abstract or compendium of faith or doctrine; a creed, or a
summary of the articles of religion.

4. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: That which is thrown into a common fund; hence, an appointed or
accustomed duty. [Obs.]
They do their work in the days of peace . . . and come to pay their
symbol in a war or in a plague. Jer. Taylor.

5. Share; allotment. [Obs.]
The persons who are to be judged . . . shall all appear to receive
their symbol. Jer. Taylor.

6. (Chem.)

Defn: An abbreviation standing for the name of an element and
consisting of the initial letter of the Latin or New Latin name, or
sometimes of the initial letter with a following one; as, C for
carbon, Na for sodium (Natrium), Fe for iron (Ferrum), Sn for tin
(Stannum), Sb for antimony (Stibium), etc. See the list of names and
symbols under Element.

Note: In pure and organic chemistry there are symbols not only for
the elements, but also for their grouping in formulas, radicals, or
residues, as evidenced by their composition, reactions, synthesis,
etc. See the diagram of Benzene nucleus, under Benzene.

Syn.
 -- Emblem; figure; type. See Emblem.

SYMBOL
Sym"bol, v. t.

Defn: To symbolize. [R.] Tennyson.

SYMBOLIC
Sym*bol"ic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. symbolique. See Symbolic, a.] (Theol.)

Defn: See Symbolics.

SYMBOLIC; SYMBOLICAL
Sym*bol"ic, Sym*bol"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. symbolicus, Gr. symbolique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a symbol or symbols; of the nature of a
symbol; exhibiting or expressing by resemblance or signs;
representative; as, the figure of an eye is symbolic of sight and
knowledge.
 -- Sym*bol"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Sym*bol"ic*al*ness, n.
The sacrament is a representation of Christ's death by such
symbolical actions as he himself appointed. Jer. Taylor.
Symbolical delivery (Law), the delivery of property sold by
delivering something else as a symbol, token, or representative of
it. Bouvier. Chitty.
 -- Symbolical philosophy, the philosophy expressed by hieroglyphics.

SYMBOLICS
Sym*bol"ics, n.

Defn: The study of ancient symbols; esp. (Theol.),

Defn: that branch of historic theology which treats of creeds and
confessions of faith; symbolism; -- called also symbolic.

SYMBOLISM
Sym"bol*ism, n.

1. The act of symbolizing, or the state of being symbolized; as,
symbolism in Christian art is the representation of truth, virtues,
vices, etc., by emblematic colors, signs, and forms.

2. A system of symbols or representations.

3. (Chem.)
(a) The practice of using symbols, or the system of notation
developed thereby.
(b) A combining together of parts or ingredients. [Obs.]

4. (Theol.)

Defn: The science of creeds; symbolics.

SYMBOLIST
Sym"bol*ist, n.

Defn: One who employs symbols.

SYMBOLISTIC; SYMBOLISTICAL
Sym`bol*is"tic, Sym`bol*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Characterized by the use of symbols; as, symbolistic poetry.

SYMBOLIZATION
Sym`bol*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. symbolisation.]

Defn: The act of symbolizing; symbolical representation. Sir T.
Browne.

SYMBOLIZE
Sym"bol*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Symbolized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Symbolizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. symboliser.]

1. To have a resemblance of qualities or properties; to correspond;
to harmonize.
The pleasing of color symbolizeth with the pleasing of any single
tone to the ear; but the pleasing of order doth symbolize with
harmony. Bacon.
They both symbolize in this, that they love to look upon themselves
through multiplying glasses. Howell.

2. To hold the same faith; to agree. [R.]
The believers in pretended miracles have always previously symbolized
with the performers of them. G. S. Faber.

3. To use symbols; to represent ideas symbolically.

SYMBOLIZE
Sym"bol*ize, v. t.

1. To make to agree in properties or qualities.

2. To make representative of something; to regard or treat as
symbolic. "Some symbolize the same from the mystery of its colors."
Sir T. Browne.

3. To represent by a symbol or symbols.

SYMBOLIZER
Sym"bol*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who symbolizes.

SYMBOLOGICAL
Sym`bo*log"i*cal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a symbology; versed in, or characterized by,
symbology.

SYMBOLOGIST
Sym*bol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who practices, or who is versed in, symbology.

SYMBOLOGY
Sym*bol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Symbol + -logy.]

Defn: The art of expressing by symbols.

SYMBRANCHII
Sym*bran"chi*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of slender eel-like fishes having the gill openings
confluent beneath the neck. The pectoral arch is generally attached
to the skull, and the entire margin of the upper jaw is formed by the
premaxillary. Called also Symbranchia.

SYMMETRAL
Sym"me*tral, a.

Defn: Commensurable; symmetrical. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

SYMMETRIAN
Sym*me"tri*an, n.

Defn: One eminently studious of symmetry of parts. [R.] Sir P.
Sidney.

SYMMETRIC
Sym*met"ric, a.

Defn: Symmetrical.

SYMMETRICAL
Sym*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. symétrique. See Symmetry.]

1. Involving or exhibiting symmetry; proportional in parts; having
its parts in due proportion as to dimensions; as, a symmetrical body
or building.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Having the organs or parts of one side correspponding with
those of the other; having the parts in two or more series of organs
the same in number; exhibiting a symmetry.See Symmetry, 2.

3. (Bot.)
(a) Having an equal number of parts in the successive circles of
floral organs; -- said of flowers.
(b) Having a likeness in the form and size of floral organs of the
same kind; regular.

4. (Math.)

Defn: Having a common measure; commensurable.
(b) Having corresponding parts or relations.

Note: A curve or a plane figure is symmetrical with respect to a
given line, and a line, surface, or solid with respect to a plane,
when for each point on one side of the line or plane there is a
corresponding point on the other side, so situated that the line
joining the two corresponding points is perpendicular to the line or
plane and is bisectad by it. Two solids are symmetrical when they are
so situate dwith the respect to an intervening plane that the several
points of their surfaces thus correspond to each other in position
and distance. In analysis, an expression is symmetrical with respect
to several letters when any two of them may change places without
affecting the expression; as, the expression a2b + ab2 + a2c + ac2 +
b2c + bc2, is symmetrical with respect to the letters a, b, c.
 -- Sym*met"ric*al*ly, adv.
 -- Sym*met"ric*al*ness, n.

SYMMETRICIAN
Sym`me*tri"cian, n.

Defn: Same as Symmetrian. [R.] Holinshed.

SYMMETRIST
Sym"me*trist, n.

Defn: One eminently studious of symmetry of parts. Sir H. Wotton.

SYMMETRIZE
Sym"me*trize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Symmetrized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Symmetrizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. symétriser.]

Defn: To make proportional in its parts; to reduce to symmetry.
Burke.

SYMMETRY
Sym"me*try, n. Etym: [L. symmetria, Gr. symétrie. See Syn-, and Meter
rhythm.]

1. A due proportion of the several parts of a body to each other;
adaptation of the form or dimensions of the several parts of a thing
to each other; the union and conformity of the members of a work to
the whole.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The law of likeness; similarity of structure; regularity in
form and arrangement; orderly and similar distribution of parts, such
that an animal may be divided into parts which are structurally
symmetrical.

Note: Bilateral symmetry, or two-sidedness, in vertebrates, etc., is
that in which the body can be divided into symmetrical halves by a
vertical plane passing through the middle; radial symmetry, as in
echinoderms, is that in which the individual parts are arranged
symmetrically around a central axis; serial symmetry, or zonal
symmetry, as in earthworms, is that in which the segments or
metameres of the body are disposed in a zonal manner one after the
other in a longitudinal axis. This last is sometimes called
metamerism.

3. (Bot.)
(a) Equality in the number of parts of the successive circles in a
flower.
(b) Likeness in the form and size of floral organs of the same kind;
regularity. Axis of symmetry. (Geom.) See under Axis.
 -- Respective symmetry, that disposition of parts in which only the
opposite sides are equal to each other.

SYMPATHETIC
Sym`pa*thet"ic, a. Etym: [See Sympathy, and cf. Pathetic.]

1. Inclined to sympathy; sympathizing.
Far wiser he, whose sympathetic mind Exults in all the good of all
mankind. Goldsmith.

2. Produced by, or expressive of, sympathy.
Ope the sacred source of sympathetic tears. Gray.

3. (Physiol.)
(a) Produced by sympathy; -- applied particularly to symptoms or
affections. See Sympathy.
(b) Of or relating to the sympathetic nervous system or some of its
branches; produced by stimulation on the sympathetic nervious system
or some part of it; as, the sympathetic saliva, a modified form of
saliva, produced from some of the salivary glands by stimulation of a
sympathetic nerve fiber. Sympathetic ink. (Chem.) See under Ink.
 -- Sympathetic nerve (Anat.), any nerve of the sympathetic system;
especially, the axial chain of ganglions and nerves belonging to the
sympathetic system.
 -- Sympathetic powder (Alchemy), a kind of powder long supposed to
be able to cure a wound if applied to the weapon that inflicted it,
or even to a portion of the bloody clothes. Dunglison.
 -- Sympathetic sounds (Physics), sounds produced from solid bodies
by means of vibrations which have been communicated to them from some
other sounding body, by means of the air or an intervening solid.
 -- Sympathetic system (Anat.), a system of nerves and nerve
ganglions connected with the alimentary canal, the vascular system,
and the glandular organs of most vertebrates, and controlling more or
less their actions. The axial part of the system and its principal
ganglions and nerves are situated in the body cavity and form a chain
of ganglions on each side of the vertebral column connected with
numerous other ganglions and nerve plexuses.

SYMPATHETICAL
Sym`pa*thet"ic*al, a.

Defn: Sympathetic.

SYMPATHETICALLY
Sym`pa*thet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sympathetic manner.

SYMPATHIST
Sym"pa*thist, n.

Defn: One who sympathizes; a sympathizer. [R.] Coleridge.

SYMPATHIZE
Sym"pa*thize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sympathized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sympathizing.] Etym: [F. sympathiser. See Sympathy.]

1. To have a common feeling, as of bodily pleasure or pain.
The mind will sympathize so much with the anguish and debility of the
body, that it will be too distracted to fix itself in meditation.
Buckminster.

2. To feel in consequence of what another feels; to be affected by
feelings similar to those of another, in consequence of knowing the
person to be thus affected.
Their countrymen . . . sympathized with their heroes in all their
adventures. Addison.

3. To agree; to be in accord; to harmonize. Dryden.

SYMPATHIZE
Sym"pa*thize, v. t.

1. To experience together. [Obs.] "This sympathized . . . error."
Shak.

2. To ansew to; to correspond to. [Obs.] Shak.

SYMPATHIZER
Sym"pa*thi`zer, n.

Defn: One who sympathizes.

SYMPATHY
Sym"pa*thy, n.; pl. Sympathies. Etym: [F. sympathie, L. sympathia,
Gr. Syn-, and Pathos.]

1. Feeling corresponding to that which another feels; the quality of
being affected by the affection of another, with feelings
correspondent in kind, if not in degree; fellow-feeling.
They saw, but other sight instead -- a crowd Of ugly serpents! Horror
on them fell, And horrid sympathy. Milton.

2. An agreement of affections or inclinations, or a conformity of
natural temperament, which causes persons to be pleased, or in
accord, with one another; as, there is perfect sympathy between them.

3. Kindness of feeling toward one who suffers; pity; commiseration;
compassion.
I value myself upon sympathy, I hate and despise myself for envy.
Kames.

4. (Physiol.)
(a) The reciprocal influence exercised by the various organs or parts
of the body on one another, as manifested in the transmission of a
disease by unknown means from one organ to another quite remote, or
in the influence exerted by a diseased condition of one part on
another part or organ, as in the vomiting produced by a tumor of the
brain.
(b) That relation which exists between different persons by which one
of them produces in the others a state or condition like that of
himself. This is shown in the tendency to yawn which a person often
feels on seeing another yawn, or the strong inclination to become
hysteric experienced by many women on seeing another person suffering
with hysteria.

5. A tendency of inanimate things to unite, or to act on each other;
as, the sympathy between the loadstone and iron. [R.]

6. Similarity of function, use office, or the like.
The adverb has most sympathy with the verb. Earle.

Syn.
 -- Pity; fellow-feeling; compassion; commiseration; tenderness;
condolence; agreement.
 -- Sympathy, Commiseration. Sympathy is literally a fellow-feeling
with others in their varied conditions of joy or of grief. This term,
however, is now more commonly applied to a fellow-feeling with others
under affliction, and then coincides very nearly with commiseration.
In this case it is commonly followed by for; as, to feel sympathy for
a friend when we see him distressed. The verb sympathize is followed
by with; as, to sympathize with a friend in his distresses or
enjoyments. "Every man would be a distinct species to himself, were
there no sympathy among individuals." South. See Pity.
Fault, Acknowledged and deplored, in Adam wrought Commiseration.
Milton.

SYMPETALOUS
Sym*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. sym- + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the petals united; gamopetalous.

SYMPHONIC
Sym*phon"ic, a.

1. Symphonious.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Relating to, or in the manner of, symphony; as, the symphonic
form or style of composition.

SYMPHONIOUS
Sym*pho"ni*ous, a. Etym: [From Symphony.]

1. Agreeing in sound; accordant; harmonious.
Followed with acclamation and the sound Symphonious of ten thousand
harps. Milton.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Symphonic.

SYMPHONIST
Sym"pho*nist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. symphoniste.]

Defn: A composer of symphonies.

SYMPHONIZE
Sym"pho*nize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Symphonized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Symphonizing.]

Defn: To agree; to be in harmony. [R.] Boyle.

SYMPHONY
Sym"pho*ny, n.; pl. Symphonies. Etym: [F. symphonie (cf. It.
sinfonia), L. symphonia, Gr. Phonetic.]

1. A consonance or harmony of sounds, agreeable to the ear, whether
the sounds are vocal or instrumental, or both.
The trumpets sound, And warlike symphony in heard around. Dryden.

2. A stringed instrument formerly in use, somewhat resembling the
virginal.
With harp and pipe and symphony. Chaucer.

3. (Mus.)
(a) An elaborate instrumental composition for a full orchestra,
consisting usually, like the sonata, of three or four contrasted yet
inwardly related movements, as the allegro, the adagio, the minuet
and trio, or scherzo, and the finale in quick time. The term has
recently been applied to large orchestral works in freer form, with
arguments or programmes to explain their meaning, such as the
"symphonic poems" of Liszt. The term was formerly applied to any
composition for an orchestra, as overtures, etc., and still earlier,
to certain compositions partly vocal, partly instrumental.
(b) An instrumental passage at the beginning or end, or in the course
of, a vocal composition; a prelude, interlude, or postude; a
ritornello.

SYMPHYLA
Sym*phy"la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of small apterous insects having an elongated body,
with three pairs of thoracic and about nine pairs of abdominal legs.
They are, in many respects, intermediate between myriapods and true
insects.

SYMPHYSEAL
Sym*phys"e*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to to symphysis.

SYMPHYSEOTOMY
Sym`phy*se*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [NL. symphysis pubis + Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of dividing the symphysis pubis for the purpose
of facilitating labor; -- formerly called the Sigualtian section.
[Written also symphysotomy.] Dunglison.

SYMPHYSIS
Sym"phy*sis, n.; pl. Symphyses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)
(a) An articulation formed by intervening cartilage; as, the pubic
symphysis.
(b) The union or coalescence of bones; also, the place of union or
coalescence; as, the symphysis of the lower jaw. Cf. Articulation.

SYMPHYSOTOMY
Sym`phy*sot"o*my, n.

Defn: Symphyseotomy.

SYMPHYTISM
Sym"phy*tism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Coalescence; a growing into one with another word. [R.]
Some of the phrasal adverbs have assumed the form of single words, by
that symphytism which naturally attaches these light elements to each
other. Earle.

SYMPIESOMETER
Sym`pi*e*som"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: A sensitive kind of barometer, in which the pressure of the
atmosphere, acting upon a liquid, as oil, in the lower portion of the
instrument, compresses an elastic gas in the upper part.

Note: The column of oil of a lower part BC of a glass tube compresses
hydrogen gas in the upper part AB, and is thus measured on the scale
pq by the position of a surface of the oil in the tube. The scale pq
is adjustable, and its index must be set to the division on the scale
rs corresponding to the temperature indicated by the termometer t, in
order to correct for the effects of temperature on the gas. It is
sensitive, and convenient for use at sea, but inferior in accuracy to
the mercurial barometer.

SYMPLECTIC
Sym*plec"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Plaiting or joining together; -- said of a bone next above the
quadrate in the mandibular suspensorium of many fishes, which unites
together the other bones of the suspensorium.
 -- n.

Defn: The symplectic bone.

SYMPLOCE
Sym"plo*ce, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning and another
at the end of successive clauses; as, Justice came down from heaven
to view the earth; Justice returned to heaven, and left the earth.

SYMPODE
Sym"pode, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A sympodium.

SYMPODIAL
Sym*po"di*al, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Composed of superposed branches in such a way as to imitate a
simple axis; as, a sympodial stem.

SYMPODIUM
Sym*po"di*um, n.; pl. Sympodia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: An axis or stem produced by dichotomous branching in which one
of the branches is regularly developed at the expense of the other,
as in the grapevine.

SYMPOSIAC
Sym*po"si*ac, a. Etym: [L. symposiacus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to compotations and merrymaking; happening
where company is drinking together; as, symposiac meetings.
Symposiac disputations amongst my acquaintance. Arbuthnot.

SYMPOSIAC
Sym*po"si*ac, n.

Defn: A conference or conversation of philosophers at a banquet;
hence, any similar gathering.

SYMPOSIARCH
Sym*po"si*arch, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: The master of a feast.

SYMPOSIAST
Sym*po"si*ast, n.

Defn: One engaged with others at a banquet or merrymaking. Sydney
Smith.

SYMPOSION
Sym*po"si*on, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A drinking together; a symposium. "Our symposion last night."
Sir W. Scott.

SYMPOSIUM
Sym*po"si*um, n.; pl. Symposia. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. sympo`sion a
drinking party, feast; sy`n with + po`sis a drinking. See Syn-, and
cf. Potable.]

1. A drinking together; a merry feast. T. Warton.

2. A collection of short essays by different authors on a common
topic; -- so called from the appellation given to the philosophical
dialogue by the Greeks.

SYMPTOM
Symp"tom, n. Etym: [F. symptôme, Gr. pat to fly, to fall. See Syn-,
and cf. Asymptote, Feather.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Any affection which accompanies disease; a perceptible change
in the body or its functions, which indicates disease, or the kind or
phases of disease; as, the causes of disease often lie beyond our
sight, but we learn their nature by the symptoms exhibited.
Like the sick man, we are expiring with all sorts of good symptoms.
Swift.

2. A sign or token; that which indicates the existence of something
else; as, corruption in elections is a symptom of the decay of public
virtue.

Syn.
 -- Mark; note; sign; token; indication.

SYMPTOMATIC; SYMPTOMATICAL
Symp`tom*at"ic, Symp`tom*at"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. symptomatique,
Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to symptoms; happening in concurrence with
something; being a symptom; indicating the existence of something
else.
Symptomatic of a shallow understanding and an unamiable temper.
Macaulay.

2. According to symptoms; as, a symptomatical classification of
diseases.
 -- Symp`tom*at"ic*al*ly, adv.

SYMPTOMATOLOGY
Symp`tom*a*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. symptomatologie.]
(Med.)

Defn: The doctrine of symptoms; that part of the science of medicine
which treats of the symptoms of diseases; semeiology.

Note: It includes diagnosis, or the determination of the disease from
its symptoms; and prognosis, or the determination of its probable
course and event.

SYN-
Syn-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A prefix meaning with, along with, together, at the same time.
Syn- becomes sym- before p, b, and m, and syl- before l.

SYNACME; SYNACMY
Syn*ac"me, Syn*ac"my, n. Etym: [NL. synacme. See Syn-, and Acme.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Same as Synanthesis.

SYNAERESIS; SYNERESIS
Syn*ær"e*sis, Syn*er"e*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Syn-, and Heresy.]
(Gram.)

Defn: The union, or drawing together into one syllable, of two vowels
that are ordinarily separated in syllabification; synecphonesis; --
the opposite of diæresis.

SYNAGOGICAL
Syn`a*gog"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a synagogue.

SYNAGOGUE
Syn"a*gogue, n. Etym: [F., from L. synagoga, Gr. Syn-, and Agent.]

1. A congregation or assembly of Jews met for the purpose of worship,
or the performance of religious rites.

2. The building or place appropriated to the religious worship of the
Jews.

3. The council of, probably, 120 members among the Jews, first
appointed after the return from the Babylonish captivity; -- called
also the Great Synagogue, and sometimes, though erroneously, the
Sanhedrin.

4. A congregation in the early Christian church.
My brethren, . . . if there come into your synagogue a man with a
gold ring. James ii. 1,2 (Rev. Ver.).

5. Any assembly of men. [Obs. or R.] Milton.

SYNALEPHA
Syn`a*le"pha, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. synaloepha, Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: A contraction of syllables by suppressing some vowel or
diphthong at the end of a word, before another vowel or diphthong;
as, th' army, for the army. [Written also synaloepha.]

SYNALLAGMATIC
Syn`al*lag*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Law)

Defn: Imposing reciprocal obligations upon the parties; as, a
synallagmatic contract. Bouvier.

SYNALLAXINE
Syn`al*lax"ine, a. Etym: [From Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the outer and middle toes partially united; -- said of
certain birds related to the creepers.

SYNALOEPHA
Syn`a*loe"pha, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Same as Synalepha.

SYNANGIUM
Syn*an"gi*um, n.; pl. Synangia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The divided part beyond the pylangium in the aortic trunk of
the amphibian heart.
 -- Syn*an"gi*al, a.

SYNANTHEROUS
Syn*an"ther*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. syn- + anther.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the stamens united by their anthers; as, synantherous
flowers.

SYNANTHESIS
Syn`an*the"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The simultaneous maturity of the anthers and stigmas of a
blossom. Gray.

SYNANTHOUS
Syn*an"thous, a. Etym: [Pref. syn- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having flowers and leaves which appear at the same time; --
said of certain plants.

SYNANTHROSE
Syn*an"throse", n. Etym: [From NL. Synantheræ the Compositæ; Gr.
(Chem.)

Defn: A variety of sugar, isomeric with sucrose, found in the tubers
of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), in the dahlia, and
other Compositæ.

SYNAPTA
Syn*ap"ta, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of slender, transparent holothurians which have
delicate calcareous anchors attached to the dermal plates. See
Illustration in Appendix.

SYNAPTASE
Syn*ap"tase, n. Etym: [Gr. tase.] (Chem.)

Defn: A ferment resembling diastase, found in bitter almonds. Cf.
Amygdalin, and Emulsin.

SYNAPTICULA
Syn`ap*tic"u*la, n.; pl. Synapticulæ. Etym: [NL., dim. from Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: One of numerous calcareous processes which extend between, and
unite, the adjacent septa of certain corals, especially of the
fungian corals.

SYNARCHY
Syn"ar*chy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Joint rule or sovereignity. [R.] Stackhouse.

SYNARTESIS
Syn`ar*te"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A fastening or knitting together; the state of being closely
jointed; close union. [R.] Coleridge.

SYNARTHRODIA
Syn`ar*thro"di*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: Synarthrosis.
 -- Syn`ar*thro"di*al, a. Dunglison.

SYNARTHROSIS
Syn`ar*thro"sis, n.; pl. Synarthroses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Immovable articulation by close union, as in sutures. It
sometimes includes symphysial articulations also. See the Note under
Articulation, n., 1.

SYNASTRY
Syn"as*try, n. Etym: [Pref. syn- + Gr.

Defn: Concurrence of starry position or influence; hence, similarity
of condition, fortune, etc., as prefigured by astrological
calculation. [R.] Motley.

SYNAXIS
Syn*ax"is, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Synagogue.]

Defn: A congregation; also, formerly, the Lord's Supper. Jer. Taylor.

SYNCARP
Syn"carp, n. Etym: [NL. syncarpium. See Syncarpous.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of aggregate fruit in which the ovaries cohere in a
solid mass, with a slender receptacle, as in the magnolia; also, a
similar multiple fruit, as a mulberry.

SYNCARPIUM
Syn*car"pi*um, n.; pl. Syncarpia. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Syncarp.

SYNCARPOUS
Syn*car"pous, a. Etym: [Pref. syn- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Composed of several carpels consolidated into one ovary.

SYNCATEGOREMATIC
Syn*cat`e*gor`e*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Syn-, and Categorematic.]
(Logic)

Defn: Not capable of being used as a term by itself; -- said of
words, as an adverb or preposition.

SYNCHONDROSIS
Syn`chon*dro"sis, n.; pl. Synchondroses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: An immovable articulation in which the union is formed by
cartilage.
 -- Syn`chon*dro"si*al, a.

SYNCHONDROTOMY
Syn`chon*drot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: Symphyseotomy.

SYNCHORESIS
Syn`cho*re"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A concession made for the purpose of retorting with greater
force.

SYNCHRONAL
Syn"chro*nal, a. Etym: [See Synchronous.]

Defn: Happening at, or belonging to, the same time; synchronous;
simultaneous. Dr. H. More.

SYNCHRONAL
Syn"chro*nal, n.

Defn: A synchronal thing or event.

SYNCHRONICAL
Syn*chron"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. synchronique.]

Defn: Happening at the same time; synchronous. Boyle.
 -- Syn*chron"ic*al*ly, adv.

SYNCHRONISM
Syn"chro*nism, n. Etym: [Gr. Synchronous.]

1. The concurrence of events in time; simultaneousness.

2. The tabular arrangement of historical events and personages,
according to their dates.

3. (Paint.)

Defn: A representation, in the same picture, of two or events which
occured at different times.

SYNCHRONISTIC
Syn`chro*nis"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to synchronism; arranged according to
correspondence in time; as, synchronistic tables.

SYNCHRONIZATION
Syn`chro*ni*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of synchronizing; concurrence of events in respect to
time.

SYNCHRONIZE
Syn"chro*nize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Synchronized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Synchronizing.] Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To agree in time; to be simultaneous.
The path of this great empire, through its arch of progress,
synchronized with that of Christianity. De Quincey.

SYNCHRONIZE
Syn"chro*nize, v. t.

1. To assign to the same date or period of time; as, to synchronize
two events of Greek and Roman history. "Josephus synchronizes Nisan
with the Egyptian Pharmus." W. L. Bevan.

2. To cause to agree in time; as, to synchronize the movements of
different machines; to synchronize clocks.

SYNCHRONOLOGY
Syn`chro*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Pref. syn- + Gr. -logy.]

Defn: Contemporaneous chronology.

SYNCHRONOUS
Syn"chro*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. Chronicle.]

Defn: Happening at the same time; simultaneous.
 -- Syn"chro*nous*ly, adv.

SYNCHRONY
Syn"chro*ny, n.

Defn: The concurrence of events in time; synchronism. [R.]
Geological contemporaneity is the same as chronological synchrony.
Huxley.

SYNCHYSIS
Syn"chy*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A derangement or confusion of any kind, as of words in a
sentence, or of humors in the eye. Sparkling synchysis (Med.), a
condition in which the vitreous humor is softened and contains
sparkling scales of cholesterin.

SYNCLASTIC
Syn*clas"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. syn- + Gr. kla^n to break.] (Math.
Physics)

Defn: Curved toward the same side in all directions; -- said of
surfaces which in all directions around any point bend away from a
tangent plane toward the same side, as the surface of a sphere; --
opposed to anticlastic. Sir W. Thomson.

SYNCLINAL
Syn*cli"nal, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Inclined downward from opposite directions, so as to meet in a
common point or line.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Formed by strata dipping toward a common line or plane; as, a
synclinal trough or valley; a synclinal fold; -- opposed to
anticlinal.

Note: A downward flexure in the case of folded rocks makes a
synclinal axis, and the alternating upward flexure an anticlinal
axis.

SYNCLINAL
Syn*cli"nal, n. (Geol.)

Defn: A synclinal fold.

SYNCLINE
Syn*cline", n. (Geol.)

Defn: A synclinal fold.

SYNCLINICAL
Syn*clin"ic*al, a.

Defn: Synclinal. [R.]

SYNCLINORIUM
Syn`cli*no"ri*um, n.; pl. Synclinoria. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: A mountain range owing its origin to the progress of a
geosynclinal, and ending in a catastrophe of displacement and
upturning. Dana.

SYNCOPAL
Syn"co*pal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to syncope; resembling syncope.

SYNCOPATE
Syn"co*pate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Syncopated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Syncopating.] Etym: [LL. syncopatus, p.p. of syncopare to syncopate,
to swoon. See Syncope.]

1. (Gram.)

Defn: To contract, as a word, by taking one or more letters or
syllables from the middle; as, "Gloster" is a syncopated form of
"Gloucester."

2. (Mus.)

Defn: To commence, as a tone, on an unaccented part of a measure, and
continue it into the following accented part, so that the accent is
driven back upon the weak part and the rhythm drags.

SYNCOPATION
Syn`co*pa"tion, n.

1. (Gram.)

Defn: The act of syncopating; the contraction of a word by taking one
or more letters or syllables from the middle; syncope.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The act of syncopating; a peculiar figure of rhythm, or
rhythmical alteration, which consists in welding into one tone the
second half of one beat with the first half of the beat which
follows.

SYNCOPE
Syn"co*pe, n. Etym: [L. syncope, syncopa, Gr.

1. (Gram.)

Defn: An elision or retrenchment of one or more letters or syllables
from the middle of a word; as, ne'er for never, ev'ry for every.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Same as Syncopation.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A fainting, or swooning. See Fainting.

4. A pause or cessation; suspension. [R.]
Revely, and dance, and show, Suffer a syncope and solemn pause.
Cowper.

SYNCOPIST
Syn"co*pist, n.

Defn: One who syncopates. Addison.

SYNCOPIZE
Syn"co*pize, v. t.

Defn: To syncopate.

SYNCOTYLEDONOUS
Syn*cot`y*led"on*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. syn- + cotyledonous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having united cotyledonous.

SYNCRETIC
Syn*cret"ic, a.

Defn: Uniting and blending together different systems, as of
philosophy, morals, or religion. Smart.

SYNCRETISM
Syn"cre*tism, n. Etym: [Gr. syncrétisme.]

Defn: Attempted union of principles or parties irreconcilably at
variance with each other.
He is plotting a carnal syncretism, and attempting the reconcilement
of Christ and Belial. Baxter.
Syncretism is opposed to eclecticism in philosophy. Krauth-Fleming.

SYNCRETIST
Syn"cre*tist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. syncrétiste.]

Defn: One who attempts to unite principles or parties which are
irreconcilably at variance; specifically (Eccl. Hist.),

Defn: an adherent of George Calixtus and other Germans of the
seventeenth century, who sought to unite or reconcile the Protestant
sects with each other and with the Roman Catholics, and thus
occasioned a long and violent controversy in the Lutheran church.

SYNCRETISTIC
Syn`cre*tis"tic, a.

1. Pertaining to, or characterized by, syncretism; as, a syncretistic
mixture of the service of Jehovah and the worship of idols.

2. Of or pertaining to Syncretists.

SYNCRISIS
Syn"cri*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech in which opposite things or persons are
compared. Crabb.

SYNCYTIUM
Syn*cy"ti*um, n.; pl. Syncitia. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Tissue in which the cell or partition walls are wholly wanting
and the cell bodies fused together, so that the tissue consists of a
continuous mass of protoplasm in which nuclei are imbedded, as in
ordinary striped muscle.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ectoderm of a sponge.

SYNDACTYL; SYNDACTYLE
Syn*dac"tyl, Syn*dac"tyle, a.  [Syn- + Gr.  finger, toe.] (Zoöl. &
Med.)

Defn: Having two or more digits wholly or partly united. See
Syndactylism.

SYNDACTYLE
Syn*dac"tyle, n. Etym: [Pref. syn- + Gr. syndactyle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird having syndactilous feet.

SYNDACTYLIC
Syn*dac*tyl"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Syndactilous.

SYNDACTYLOUS
Syn*dac"tyl*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the toes firmly united together for some distance, and
without an intermediate web, as the kingfishers; gressorial.

SYNDESMOGRAPHY
Syn`des*mog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A description of the ligaments; syndesmology.

SYNDESMOLOGY
Syn`des*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: That part of anatomy which treats of ligaments.

SYNDESMOSIS
Syn`des*mo"sis, n.; pl. Syndesmoses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: An articulation formed by means of ligaments.

SYNDETIC; SYNDETICAL
Syn*det"ic, Syn*det"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Asyndetic.]

Defn: Connecting; conjunctive; as, syndetic words or connectives;
syndetic references in a dictionary.
 -- Syn*det"ic*al*ly, adv.
With the syndetic juxtaposition of distinct members, the article is
not often repeated. C. J. Grece (Trans. Maetzner's Gram.).

SYNDIC
Syn"dic, n. Etym: [L. syndictus, Gr. syndic. See Teach.]

1. An officer of government, invested with different powers in
different countries; a magistrate.

2. (Law)

Defn: An agent of a corporation, or of any body of men engaged in a
business enterprise; an advocate or patron; an assignee.

Note: In France, syndics are appointed by the creditors of a bankrupt
to manage the property. Almost all the companies in Paris, the
university, and the like, have their syndics. The university of
Cambridge, Eng., has its syndics, who are chosen from the senate to
transact special business, such as the regulation of fees, the
framing of laws, etc.

SYNDICAL
Syn"dic*al, a.

1. Consisting of, or pert. to, a syndic.

2.  Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, syndicalism.

SYNDICALISM
Syn"dic*al*ism, n. [F. syndicalisme.]

Defn: The theory, plan, or practice of trade-union action (originally
as advocated and practiced by the French Confédération Générale du
Travail) which aims to abolish the present political and social
system by means of the general strike (as distinguished from the
local or sectional strike) and direct action of whatever kind (as
distinguished from action which takes effect only through the medium
of political action) -- direct action including any kind of action
that is directly effective, whether it be a simple strike, a peaceful
public demonstration, sabotage, or revolutionary violence. By the
general strike and direct action syndicalism aims to establish a
social system in which the means and processes of production are in
the control of local organizations of workers, who are manage them
for the common good.

SYNDICALIST
Syn"dic*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who advocates or practices syndicalism. --Syn`dic*al*is"tic
(#), a.

SYNDICATE
Syn"di*cate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. syndicat, LL. syndicatus.]

1. The office or jurisdiction of a syndic; a council, or body of
syndics. Bp. Burnet.

2. An association of persons officially authorized to undertake some
duty or to negotiate some business; also, an association of persons
who combine to carry out, on their own account, a financial or
industrial project; as, a syndicate of bankers formed to take up and
dispose of an entire issue of government bonds.

SYNDICATE
Syn"di*cate, v. t. Etym: [LL. syndicatus, p.p. of syndicare to
censure.]

Defn: To judge; to censure. [Obs.]

SYNDICATION
Syn`di*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Act or process of syndicating or forming a syndicate.

SYNDROME
Syn"dro*me, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

Defn: Concurrence. [R.] Glanvill.

Defn: A group of symptoms occurring together that are characteristic
and indicative of some underlying cause, such as a disease.

SYNDYASMIAN
Syn`dy*as"mi*an, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the state of pairing together sexually; -- said
of animals during periods of procreation and while rearing their
offspring. Morgan.

SYNE
Syne, adv. Etym: [See Since.]

1. Afterwards; since; ago. [Obs. or Scot.] R. of Brunne.

2. Late, -- as opposed to soon.
[Each rogue] shall be discovered either soon or syne. W. Hamilton
(Life of Wallace).

SYNE
Syne, conj.

Defn: Since; seeing. [Scot.]

SYNECDOCHE
Syn*ec"do*che, n. Etym: [L. synecdoche, Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure or trope by which a part of a thing is put for the
whole (as, fifty sail for fifty ships), or the whole for a part (as,
the smiling year for spring), the species for the genus (as,
cutthroat for assassin), the genus for the species (as, a creature
for a man), the name of the material for the thing made, etc. Bain.

SYNECDOCHICAL
Syn`ec*doch"ic*al, a.

Defn: Expressed by synecdoche; implying a synecdoche.
Isis is used for Themesis by a synecdochical kind of speech, or by a
poetical liberty, in using one for another. Drayton.

SYNECDOCHICALLY
Syn`ec*doch"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By synecdoche.

SYNECHIA
Syn*e"chi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A disease of the eye, in which the iris adheres to the cornea
or to the capsule of the crystalline lens.

SYNECPHONESIS
Syn*ec`pho*ne"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: A contraction of two syllables into one; synizesis.

SYNEDRAL
Syn*e"dral, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing on the angles of a stem, as the leaves in some species
of Selaginella.

SYNENTOGNATHI
Syn`en*tog"na*thi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes, resembling the Physoclisti, without spines
in the dorsal, anal, and ventral fins. It includes the true flying
fishes.

SYNEPY
Syn"e*py, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: The interjunction, or joining, of words in uttering the clauses
of sentences.

SYNERESIS
Syn*er"e*sis, n.

Defn: Same as Synæresis.

SYNERGETIC
Syn`er*get"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Working together; coöperating; as, synergetic muscles.

SYNERGISM
Syn"er*gism, n. Etym: [See Synergetic.] (Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine or theory, attributed to Melanchthon, that in the
regeneration of a human soul there is a coöperation, or joint agency,
on the part both of God and of man.

SYNERGIST
Syn"er*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. synergiste.]

1. One who holds the doctrine of synergism.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A remedy which has an action similar to that of another remedy,
and hence increases the efficiency of that remedy when combined with
it.

SYNERGISTIC
Syn`er*gis"tic, a.

1. Of or pertaining to synergism. "A synergistic view of
regeneration." Shedd.

2. Coöperating; synergetic.

SYNERGY
Syn"er*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. Synergetic.]

Defn: Combined action; especially (Med.),

Defn: the combined healty action of every organ of a particular
system; as, the digestive synergy.

Defn: An effect of the interaction of the actions of two agents such
that the result of the combined action is greater than expected as a
simple additive combination of the two agents acting separately. Also
synergism.

SYNESIS
Syn"e*sis, n. [Gr.  intelligence.] (Gram.)

Defn: A construction in which adherence to some element in the sense
causes a departure from strict syntax, as in "Philip went down to
Samaria and preached Christ unto them."

SYNGENESIA
Syn`ge*ne"si*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan class of plants in which the stamens are united by
the anthers.

SYNGENESIAN; SYNGENESIOUS
Syn`ge*ne"sian, Syn`ge*ne"sious, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the stamens united by the anthers; of or pertaining to
the Syngenesia.

SYNGENESIS
Syn*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Pref. syn- + genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: A theory of generation in which each germ is supposed to
contain the germs of all subsequent generations; -- the opposite of
epigenesis.

SYNGNATHI
Syng"na*thi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of lophobranch fishes which have an elongated snout
and lack the ventral and first dorsal fins. The pipefishes and sea
horses are examples.
 -- Syng"na*thous, a.

SYNGRAPH
Syn"graph, n. Etym: [L. syngrapha, Gr. (Law)

Defn: A writing signed by both or all the parties to a contract or
bond.

SYNIZESIS
Syn`i*ze"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: An obliteration of the pupil of the eye.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A contraction of two syllables into one; synecphonesis.

SYNNEOROSIS
Syn`neo*ro"sis, n.; pl. Synneuroses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Syndesmosis.

SYNOCHA
Syn"o*cha, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Synechia.] (Med.)

Defn: See Synochus. [Obs.]

SYNOCHAL
Syn"o*chal, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to synocha; like synocha. [Obs.]

SYNOCHUS
Syn"o*chus, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A continuous fever. [Obs.]

Note: Synocha and synochus were used as epithets of two distinct
types of fever, but in different senses at different periods. The
same disease is placed under synocha by one author, under synochus by
another. Quain.

SYNOCIL
Syn"o*cil, n. Etym: [Pref. syn- + cilium.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sense organ found in certain sponges. It consists of several
filaments, each of which arises from a single cell.

SYNOD
Syn"od, n. Etym: [L. synodus, Gr. sino, seno, F. synode, both from
the Latin.]

1. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: An ecclesiastic council or meeting to consult on church
matters.

Note: Synods are of four kinds: 1. General, or ecumenical, which are
compopsed of bishops from different nations; -- commonly called
general council. 2. National, composed of bishops of one nation only.
3. Provincial, in which the bishops of only one province meet; --
called also convocations. 4. Diocesan, a synod in which the bishop of
the diocese or his representative presides. Among Presbyterians, a
synod is composed of several adjoining presbyteries. The members are
the ministers and a ruling elder from each parish.

2. An assembly or council having civil authority; a legislative body.
It hath in solemn synods been decreed, Both by the Syracusians and
ourselves, To admit no traffic to our adverse towns. Shak.
Parent of gods and men, propitious Jove! And you, bright synod of the
powers above. Dryden.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: A conjunction of two or more of the heavenly bodies. [R.]
Milton.

SYNODAL
Syn"od*al, a. Etym: [L. synodalis: cf. F. synodal.]

Defn: Synodical. Milton.

SYNODAL
Syn"od*al, n.

1. (Ch. of Eng.)

Defn: A tribute in money formerly paid to the bishop or archdeacon,
at the time of his Easter visitation, by every parish priest, now
made to the ecclesiastical commissioners; a procuration.
Synodals are due, of common right, to the bishop only. Gibson.

2. A constitution made in a provincial or diocesan synod.

SYNODIC; SYNODICAL
Syn*od"ic, Syn*od"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. synodicus, Gr. synodique.]

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a synod; transacted in, or authorized by, a
synod; as, synodical proceedings or forms. "A synodical epistle." Bp.
Stillingfleet.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: Pertaining to conjunction, especially to the period between two
successive conjunctions; extending from one conjunction, as of the
moon or a planet with the sun, to the next; as, a synodical month
(see Lunar month, under Month); the synodical revolution of the moon
or a planet.

SYNODICALLY
Syn*od"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a synodical manner; in a synod; by the authority of a synod.
"Synodically agreed upon." R. Nelson.

SYNODIST
Syn"od*ist, n.

Defn: An adherent to a synod.
These synodists thought fit in Latin as yet to veil their decrees
from vulgar eyes. Fuller.

SYNOECIOUS
Syn*oe"cious, a. Etym: [Pref. syn- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having stamens and pistil in the same head, or, in mosses,
having antheridia and archegonia on the same receptacle.

SYNOMOCY
Syn*om"o*cy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Sworn brotherhood; a society in ancient Greece nearly
resembling a modern political club.

SYNONYM
Syn"o*nym, n.; pl. Synonyms (). Etym: [F. synonyme, L. synonyma, pl.
of synonymum, Gr. Synonymous.]

Defn: One of two or more words (commonly words of the same language)
which are equivalents of each other; one of two or more words which
have very nearly the same signification, and therefore may often be
used interchangeably. See under Synonymous. [Written also synonyme.]
All languages tend to clear themselves of synonyms as intellectual
culture advances, the superfluous words being taken up and
appropriated by new shades and combinations of thought evolved in the
progress of society. De Quincey.
His name has thus become, throughout all civilized countries, a
synonym for probity and philanthropy. Macaulay.
In popular literary acceptation, and as employed in special
dictionaries of such words, synonyms are words sufficiently alike in
general signification to be liable to be confounded, but yet so
different in special definition as to require to be distinguished. G.
P. Marsh.

SYNONYMA
Syn*on"y*ma, n. pl. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Synonyms. [Obs.] Fuller.

SYNONYMAL
Syn*on"y*mal, a.

Defn: Synonymous. [Obs.]

SYNONYMALLY
Syn*on"y*mal*ly, adv.

Defn: Synonymously. [Obs.]

SYNONYME
Syn"o*nyme, n.

Defn: Same as Synonym.

SYNONYMIC
Syn`o*nym"ic, n. Etym: [Cf. G. synonymik. See Synonymous.] (Gram.)

Defn: The science, or the scientific treatment, of synonymous words.

SYNONYMIC; SYNONYMICAL
Syn`o*nym"ic, Syn`o*nym"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to synonyms, or synonymic; synonymous.

SYNONYMICON
Syn`o*nym"i*con, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A dictionary of synonyms. C. J. Smith.

SYNONYMIST
Syn*on"y*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. synonymiste.]

Defn: One who collects or explains synonyms.

SYNONYMIZE
Syn*on"y*mize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Synonymized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Synonymizing.]

Defn: To express by a synonym or synonyms; to give the synonym or
synonyms corresponding to.
This word "fortis" we may synonymize after all these fashions: stout,
hardy, valiant, doughty, courageous, adventurous, brave, bold,
daring, intrepid. Camden.

SYNONYMOUS
Syn*on"y*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. Syn-, and Name.]

Defn: Having the character of a synonym; expressing the same thing;
conveying the same, or approximately the same, idea.
 -- Syn*on"y*mous*ly, adv.
These words consist of two propositions, which are not distinct in
sense, but one and the same thing variously expressed; for wisdom and
understanding are synonymous words here. Tillotson.

Syn.
 -- Identical; interchangeable.
 -- Synonymous, Identical. If no words are synonymous except those
which are identical in use and meaning, so that the one can in all
cases be substituted for the other, we have scarcely ten such words
in our language. But the term more properly denotes that the words in
question approach so near to each other, that, in many or most cases,
they can be used interchangeably. 1. Words may thus coincide in
certain connections, and so be interchanged, when they can not be
interchanged in other connections; thus we may speak either strength
of mind or of force of mind, but we say the force (not strength) of
gravitation. 2. Two words may differ slightly, but this difference
may be unimportant to the speaker's object, so that he may freely
interchange them; thus it makes but little difference, in most cases,
whether we speak of a man's having secured his object or having
attained his object. For these and other causes we have numerous
words which may, in many cases or connections, be used
interchangeably, and these are properly called synonyms. Synonymous
words "are words which, with great and essential resemblances of
meaning, have, at the same time, small, subordinate, and partial
differences, -- these differences being such as either originally and
on the ground of their etymology inhered in them; or differences
which they have by usage acquired in the eyes of all; or such as,
though nearly latent now, they are capable of receiving at the hands
of wise and discreet masters of the tongue. Synonyms are words of
like significance in the main, but with a certain unlikeness as
well." Trench.

SYNONYMY
Syn*on"y*my, n. Etym: [L. synonymia, Gr. synonymie.]

1. The quality of being synonymous; sameness of meaning.

2. A system of synonyms.

3. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which synonymous words are used to amplify a
discourse.

SYNOPSIS
Syn*op"sis, n.; pl. Synopses. Etym: [L., from Gr. optic.]

Defn: A general view, or a collection of heads or parts so arranged
as to exhibit a general view of the whole; an abstract or summary of
a discourse; a syllabus; a conspectus.
That the reader may see in one view the exactness of the method, as
well as force of the argument, I shall here draw up a short synopsis
of this epistle. Bp. Warburton.

Syn.
 -- Abridgment; compendium; epitome; abstract; summary; syllabus;
conspectus. See Abridgment.

SYNOPTIC; SYNOPTICAL
Syn*op"tic, Syn*op"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. synoptique. See Synopsis.]

Defn: Affording a general view of the whole, or of the principal
parts of a thing; as, a synoptic table; a synoptical statement of an
argument. "The synoptic Gospels." Alford.
 -- Syn*op"tic*al*ly, adv.

SYNOPTIC
Syn*op"tic, n.

Defn: One of the first three Gospels of the New Testament. See
Synoptist.

SYNOPTIST
Syn*op"tist, n.

Defn: Any one of the authors of the three synoptic Gospels, which
give a history of our Lord's life and ministry, in distinction from
the writer of John's Gospel, which gives a fuller record of his
teachings.

SYNOSTEOLOGY
Syn*os`te*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Pref. syn- + Gr. -logy.]

Defn: That part of anatomy which treats of joints; arthrology.

SYNOSTEOSIS
Syn*os`te*o"sis, n.; pl. Synosteoses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Union by means of bone; the complete closing up and
obliteration of sutures.

SYNOSTOSIS
Syn`os*to"sis, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Same as Synosteosis.

SYNOVIA
Syn*o"vi*a, n. Etym: [NL., perhaps fr. Gr. ovum egg: cf. F. synovie.]
(Anat.)

Defn: A transparent, viscid, lubricating fluid which contains mucin
and secreted by synovial membranes; synovial fluid.

SYNOVIAL
Syn*o"vi*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. synovial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to synovia; secreting synovia. Synovial
capsule, a closed sac of synovial membrane situated between the
articular surfaces at diarthrodial joints.
 -- Synovial fluid, synovia.
 -- Synovial membrane, the dense and very smooth connective tissue
membrane which secretes synovia and surrounds synovial capsules and
other synovial cavities.

SYNOVITIS
Syn`o*vi"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Synovia, -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the synovial membrane.

SYNPELMOUS
Syn*pel"mous, a. Etym: [Pref. syn- + (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the two main flexor tendons of the toes blended
together.

SYNSEPALOUS
Syn*sep"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. syn- + sepal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having united sepals; gamosepalous.

SYNTACTIC; SYNTACTICAL
Syn*tac"tic, Syn*tac"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. G. Syntax.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to syntax; according to the rules of syntax,
or construction.
 -- Syn*tac"tic*al*ly, adv.

SYNTAX
Syn"tax, n. Etym: [L. syntaxis, Gr. syntaxe. See Syn-, and Tactics.]

1. Connected system or order; union of things; a number of things
jointed together; organism. [Obs.]
They owe no other dependence to the first than what is common to the
whole syntax of beings. Glanvill.

2. That part of grammar which treats of the construction of
sentences; the due arrangement of words in sentences in their
necessary relations, according to established usage in any language.

SYNTAXIS
Syn*tax"is, n.

Defn: Syntax. [R.] B. Jonson.

SYNTERESIS
Syn`te*re"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: Prophylaxis. [Obs.]

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: Conscience viewed as the internal repository of the laws of
duty. Whewell.

SYNTERETIC
Syn`te*ret"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Preserving health; prophylactic. [Obs.]

SYNTERETICS
Syn`te*ret"ics, n. (Med.)

Defn: That department of medicine which relates to the preservation
of health; prophylaxis. [Obs.]

SYNTHERMAL
Syn*ther"mal, a. Etym: [Pref. syn- + thermal.]

Defn: Having the same degree of heat.

SYNTHESIS
Syn"the*sis, n.; pl. Syntheses. Etym: [L., a mixture, properly, a
putting together, Gr. Thesis.]

1. Composition, or the putting of two or more things together, as in
compounding medicines.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The art or process of making a compound by putting the
ingredients together, as contrasted with analysis; thus, water is
made by synthesis from hydrogen and oxygen; hence, specifically, the
building up of complex compounds by special reactions, whereby their
component radicals are so grouped that the resulting substances are
identical in every respect with the natural articles when such occur;
thus, artificial alcohol, urea, indigo blue, alizarin, etc., are made
by synthesis.

3. (Logic)

Defn: The combination of separate elements of thought into a whole,
as of simple into complex conceptions, species into genera,
individual propositions into systems; -- the opposite of Ant:
analysis.
Analysis and synthesis, though commonly treated as two different
methods, are, if properly understood, only the two necessary parts of
the same method. Each is the relative and correlative of the other.
Sir W. Hamilton.

SYNTHESIST
Syn"the*sist, n.

Defn: One who employs synthesis, or who follows synthetic methods.

SYNTHESIZE
Syn"the*size, v. t.

1. To combine by synthesis; to unite.

2. To produce by synthesis; as, to synthesize albumin.

SYNTHETIC; SYNTHETICAL
Syn*thet"ic, Syn*thet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. synthétique.]

1. Of or pertaining to synthesis; consisting in synthesis or
composition; as, the synthetic method of reasoning, as opposed to
analytical.
Philosophers hasten too much from the analytic to the synthetic
method; that is, they draw general conclusions from too small a
number of particular observations and experiments. Bolingbroke.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Artificial. Cf. Synthesis, 2.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Comprising within itself structural or other characters which
are usually found only in two or more diverse groups; -- said of
species, genera, and higher groups. See the Note under Comprehensive,
3. Synthetic, or Synthetical language, an inflectional language, or
one characterized by grammatical endings; -- opposed to analytic
language. R. Morris.

SYNTHETICALLY
Syn*thet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a synthetic manner.

SYNTHETIZE
Syn"the*tize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

Defn: To combine; to unite in regular structure. [R.]

SYNTOMY
Syn"to*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Brevity; conciseness. [R.]

SYNTONIC
Syn*ton"ic, a. (Physics)

Defn: Of or pert. to syntony; specif., designating, or pert. to, a
system of wireless telegraphy in which the transmitting and receiving
apparatus are in syntony with, and only with, one another. --
Syn*ton"ic*al (#), a. --Syn*ton"ic*al*ly, adv.

SYNTONIN
Syn"to*nin, n. Etym: [Cf. Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A proteid substance (acid albumin) formed from the albuminous
matter of muscle by the action of dilute acids; -- formerly called
musculin. See Acid albumin, under Albumin.

SYNTONIZE
Syn"to*nize, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. -nized; p. pr. & vb. n. -nizing.]
[See Syntony.] (Physics)

Defn: To adjust or devise so as to emit or respond to electric
oscillations of a certain wave length; to tune; specif., to put (two
or more instruments or systems of wireless telegraphy) in syntony
with each other. -- Syn`to*ni*za"tion (#), n.

SYNTONIZER
Syn"to*niz`er, n. (Physics)

Defn: One that syntonizes; specif., a device consisting essentially
of a variable inductance coil and condenser with a pair of adjustable
spark balls, for attuning the time periods of antennæ in wireless
telegraphy (called also syntonizing coil).

SYNTONY
Syn"to*ny, n. [Cf. Gr.  agreement. See Syn-; Tone.] (Physics)

Defn: State of being adjusted to a certain wave length; agreement or
tuning between the time period of an apparatus emitting electric
oscillations and that of a receiving apparatus, esp. in wireless
telegraphy.

SYPHERING
Sy"pher*ing, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Carp.)

Defn: The lapping of chamfered edges of planks to make a smooth
surface, as for a bulkhead.

SYPHILIDE
Syph"i*lide, n. Etym: [F.] (Med.)

Defn: A cutaneous eruption due to syphilis.

SYPHILIS
Syph"i*lis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Syphilus, the name of a shepherd in
the Latin poem of Fracastoro, "Syphilus, sive Morbus Gallicus," which
was published in 1530; Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The pox, or venereal disease; a chronic, specific, infectious
disease, usually communicated by sexual intercourse or by hereditary
transmission, and occurring in three stages known as primary,
secondary, and tertiary syphilis. See under Primary, Secondary, and
Tertiary.Treponema pallidum. Usu. tretable with penicillin or other
beta-lactam antibiotics.

SYPHILITIC
Syph`i*lit"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. syphilitique.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to syphilis; of the nature of syphilis;
affected with syphilis.
 -- n.

Defn: A syphilitic patient.

SYPHILITICALLY
Syph`i*lit"ic*al*ly, adv. (Med.)

Defn: In a syphilitic manner; with venereal disease.

SYPHILIZATION
Syph`i*li*za"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: Inoculation with the syphilitic virus, especially when employed
as a preventive measure, like vaccination.

SYPHILIZE
Syph"i*lize, v. t. (Med.)

Defn: To inoculate with syphilis.

SYPHILODERM
Syph"i*lo*derm, n. Etym: [See Syphilis, and Derm.] (Med.)

Defn: A cutaneous affection due to syphilis.

SYPHILODERMATOUS
Syph`i*lo*der"ma*tous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the cutaneous manifestations of syphilis.

SYPHILOID
Syph"i*loid, a. Etym: [Syphilis + -oid.] (Med.)

Defn: Resembling syphilis.

SYPHILOLOGIST
Syph`i*lol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One skilled in syphilology.

SYPHILOLOGY
Syph`i*lol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Syphilis + -logy.]

Defn: That branch of medicine which treats of syphilis.

SYPHON
Sy"phon, n.

Defn: See Syphon.

SYRACUSE
Syr"a*cuse, n.

Defn: A red wine of Italy.

SYREN
Sy"ren, n.

Defn: See Siren. [R.]

SYRIAC
Syr"i*ac, a. Etym: [L. Syriacus, from Syria: cf. F. syriaque.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Syria, or its language; as, the Syriac
version of the Pentateuch.
 -- n.

Defn: The language of Syria; especially, the ancient language of that
country.

SYRIACISM
Syr"i*a*cism, n.

Defn: A Syrian idiom; a Syrianism.

SYRIAN
Syr"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Syrius: cf. F. Syrien.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Syria; Syriac.
 -- n.

Defn: A native of Syria.

SYRIANISM
Syr"i*an*ism, n.

Defn: A Syrian idiom, or a peculiarity of the Syrian language; a
Syriacism. Paley.

SYRIASM
Syr"i*asm, n.

Defn: A Syrian idiom; a Syrianism; a Syriacism. M. Stuart.
The Scripture Greek is observed to be full of Syriasms and Hebraisms.
Bp. Warburton.

SYRINGA
Sy*rin"ga, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Syringe.] (Bot.)
(a) A genus of plants; the lilac.
(b) The mock orange; -- popularly so called because its stems were
formerly used as pipestems.

SYRINGE
Syr"inge, n. Etym: [F. seringue (cf. Pr. siringua, Sp. jeringa, It.
sciringa, scilinga), fg. Gr. svar to sound, and E. swarum. Cf.
Syringa.]

Defn: A kind of small hand-pump for throwing a stream of liquid, or
for purposes of aspiration. It consists of a small cylindrical barrel
and piston, or a bulb of soft elastic material, with or without
valves, and with a nozzle which is sometimes at the end of a flexible
tube; -- used for injecting animal bodies, cleansing wounds, etc.
Garden syringe. See Garden.

SYRINGE
Syr"inge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Syringed; p. pr. & vb. n. Syringing.]

1. To inject by means of a syringe; as, to syringe warm water into a
vein.

2. To wash and clean by injection from a syringe.

SYRINGEAL
Sy*rin"ge*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the syrinx; as, the syringeal muscle.

SYRINGIN
Sy*rin"gin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside found in the bark of the lilac (Syringa) and
extracted as a white crystalline substance; -- formerly called also
lilacin.

SYRINGOCOELE
Sy*rin"go*coele, n. Etym: [Syrinx + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The central canal of the spinal cord. B. G. Wilder.

SYRINGOTOME
Sy*rin"go*tome, n. Etym: [Cf. F. syringotome. See Syringotomy.]
(Surg. & Anat.)

Defn: A small blunt-pointed bistoury, -- used in syringotomy.

SYRINGOTOMY
Syr`in*got"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. syringotomie.] (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of cutting for anal fistula.

SYRINX
Syr"inx, n.; pl. Syringes. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A wind instrument made of reeds tied together; -- called also
pandean pipes.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The lower larynx in birds.

Note: In birds there are two laringes, an upper or true, but
voiceless, larynx in the usual position behind the tongue, and a
lower one, at or near the junction of the trachea and bronchi, which
is the true organ of the voice.

SYRMA
Syr"ma, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Antiq.)

Defn: A long dress, trailing on the floor, worn by tragic actors in
Greek and Roman theaters.

SYRPHIAN
Syr"phi*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the syrphus flies.
 -- n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A syrphus fly.

SYRPHUS FLY
Syr"phus fly`. Etym: [NL. Syrphus, the generic name, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of dipterous flies of the genus
Syrphus and allied genera. They are usually bright-colored, with
yellow bands, and hover around plants. The larvæ feed upon plant
lice, and are, therefore, very beneficial to agriculture.

SYRT
Syrt, n. Etym: [L. syrtis a sand bank in the sea, Gr. syrte.]

Defn: A quicksand; a bog. [R.] Young.

SYRTIC
Syr"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a syrt; resembling syrt, or quicksand. [R.]
Ed. Rev.

SYRTIS
Syr"tis, n.; pl. Syrtes. Etym: [See Syrt.]

Defn: A quicksand.
Quenched in a boggy syrtis, neither sea Nor good dry land. Milton.

SYRUP; SYRUPY
Syr"up, n., Syr"up*y, a. Etym: [See Sirup.]

Defn: Same as Sirup, Sirupy.

SYSSARCOSIS
Sys`sar*co"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The junction of bones by intervening muscles.

SYSTALTIC
Sys*tal"tic, a. Etym: [L. systalticus drawing together, Gr.
Sustaltic, Systole.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Capable of, or taking place by, alternate contraction and
dilatation; as, the systaltic action of the heart.

SYSTASIS
Sys"ta*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. System.]

Defn: A political union, confederation, or league. [R.] Burke.

SYSTEM
Sys"tem, n. Etym: [L. systema, Gr. système. See Stand.]

1. An assemblage of objects arranged in regular subordination, or
after some distinct method, usually logical or scientific; a complete
whole of objects related by some common law, principle, or end; a
complete exhibition of essential principles or facts, arranged in a
rational dependence or connection; a regular union of principles or
parts forming one entire thing; as, a system of philosophy; a system
of government; a system of divinity; a system of botany or chemistry;
a military system; the solar system.
The best way to learn any science, is to begin with a regular system,
or a short and plain scheme of that science well drawn up into a
narrow compass. I. Watts.

2. Hence, the whole scheme of created things regarded as forming one
complete plan of whole; the universe. "The great system of the
world." Boyle.

3. Regular method or order; formal arrangement; plan; as, to have a
system in one's business.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: The collection of staves which form a full score. See Score, n.

5. (Biol.)

Defn: An assemblage of parts or organs, either in animal or plant,
essential to the performance of some particular function or functions
which as a rule are of greater complexity than those manifested by a
single organ; as, the capillary system, the muscular system, the
digestive system, etc.; hence, the whole body as a functional unity.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the stellate or irregular clusters of intimately united
zooids which are imbedded in, or scattered over, the surface of the
common tissue of many compound ascidians. Block system, Conservative
system, etc. See under Block, Conservative, etc.

SYSTEMATIC; SYSTEMATICAL
Sys`tem*at"ic, Sys`tem*at"ic*al, a. [Gr. systématique.]

1. Of or pertaining to system; consisting in system; methodical;
formed with regular connection and adaptation or subordination of
parts to each other, and to the design of the whole; as, a systematic
arrangement of plants or animals; a systematic course of study.
Now we deal much in essays, and unreasonably despise systematical
learning; whereas our fathers had a just value for regularity and
systems. I. Watts.
A representation of phenomena, in order to answer the purposes of
science, must be systematic. Whewell.

2. Proceeding according to system, or regular method; as, a
systematic writer; systematic benevolence.

3. Pertaining to the system of the world; cosmical.
These ends may be called cosmical, or systematical. Boyle.

4. (Med.)

Defn: Affecting successively the different parts of the system or set
of nervous fibres; as, systematic degeneration. Systematic theology.
See under Theology.

SYSTEMATICALLY
Sys`tem*at"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a systematic manner; methodically.

SYSTEMATISM
Sys"tem*a*tism, n.

Defn: The reduction of facts or principles to a system. Dunglison.

SYSTEMATIST
Sys"tem*a*tist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. systématiste.]

1. One who forms a system, or reduces to system.

2. One who adheres to a system.

SYSTEMATIZATION
Sys`tem*a*ti*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. systématization.]

Defn: The act or operation of systematizing.

SYSTEMATIZE
Sys"tem*a*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Systematized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Systematizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. systématiser. Cf. Systemize.]

Defn: To reduce to system or regular method; to arrange methodically;
to methodize; as, to systematize a collection of plants or minerals;
to systematize one's work; to systematize one's ideas.
Diseases were healed, and buildings erected, before medicine and
architecture were systematized into arts. Harris.

SYSTEMATIZER
Sys"tem*a*ti`zer, n.

Defn: One who systematizes.
Aristotle may be called the systematizer of his master's doctrines.
Harris.

SYSTEMATOLOGY
Sys`tem*a*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The doctrine of, or a treatise upon, systems. Dunglison.

SYSTEMIC
Sys*tem"ic, a.

1. Of or relating to a system; common to a system; as, the systemic
circulation of the blood.

2. (Anat. & Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the general system, or the body as a whole;
as, systemic death, in distinction from local death; systemic
circulation, in distinction from pulmonic circulation; systemic
diseases. Systemic death. See the Note under Death, n., 1.

SYSTEMIZATION
Sys`tem*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of systematizing; systematization.

SYSTEMIZE
Sys"tem*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Systemized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Systemizing.] Etym: [Cf. Systematize.]

Defn: To reduce to system; to systematize.

SYSTEMIZER
Sys"tem*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who systemizes, or reduces to system; a systematizer.

SYSTEMLESS
Sys"tem*less, a.

1. Being without system.

2. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Not agreeing with some artificial system of classification.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: Not having any of the distinct systems or types of structure,
as the radiate, articulate, etc., characteristic of organic nature;
as, all unicellular organisms are systemless.

SYSTOLE
Sys"to*le, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Gram.)

Defn: The shortening of the long syllable.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The contraction of the heart and arteries by which the blood is
forced onward and the circulation kept up; -- correlative to
diastole.

SYSTOLIC
Sys*tol"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to systole, or contraction; contracting; esp.,
ralating to the systole of the heart; as, systolic murmur. Dunglison.

SYSTYLE
Sys"tyle, a. Etym: [L. systylos, Gr. systyle.] (Arch.)

Defn: Having a space equal to two diameters or four modules between
two columns; -- said of a portico or building. See Intercolumniation.
 -- n.

Defn: A systyle temple or other edifice.

SYTH; SYTHE
Syth, Sythe, prep., adv., conj. & n.

Defn: See Sith, Sithe. [Obs.] Chaucer. Piers Plowman.

SYTHE
Sythe, n.

Defn: Scythe. [Obs. or R.]

SYZYGIAL
Sy*zyg"i*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a syzygy.

SYZYGY
Syz"y*gy, n.; pl. Syzygies. Etym: [L. syzygia a joining together,
conjunction, Gr. syzygie. See Yoke, n.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: The point of an orbit, as of the moon or a planet, at which it
is in conjunction or opposition; -- commonly used in the plural.

2. (Gr. & L. Pros.)

Defn: The coupling together of different feet; as, in Greek verse, an
iambic syzygy.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of the segments of an arm of a crinoid composed of two
joints so closely united that the line of union is obliterated on the
outer, though visible on the inner, side.
(b) The immovable union of two joints of a crinoidal arm. Line of
syzygies (Astron.), the straight line connecting the earth, the sun,
and the moon or a planet, when the latter is in conjunction or
opposition; -- used chiefly of the moon.

TA
Ta, v. t.

Defn: To take. [Obs. or Scot.]  Cursor Mundi.

 Used by Chaucer to represent a peculiarity of the Northern dialect.

TAAS
Taas, n.

Defn: A heap. See Tas. [Obs.]  Chaucer.

TAB
Tab, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]

1. The flap or latchet of a shoe fastened with a string or a buckle.

2. A tag. See Tag, 2.

3. A loop for pulling or lifting something.

4. A border of lace or other material, worn on the inner front edge
of ladies' bonnets.

5. A loose pendent part of a lady's garment; esp., one of a series of
pendent squares forming an edge or border.

TABACCO
Ta*bac"co, n.

Defn: Tobacco. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

TABANUS
Ta*ba"nus, n. [L., horsefly.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of blood sucking flies, including the horseflies.

TABARD
Tab"ard, n. [OE. tabard, tabart; cf. Sp. & Pg. tabardo, It. tabarro,
W. tabar, LGr. , LL. tabardum.]

Defn: A sort of tunic or mantle formerly worn for protection from the
weather. When worn over the armor it was commonly emblazoned with the
arms of the wearer, and from this the name was given to the garment
adopted for heralds. [Spelt also taberd.]

In a tabard he [the Plowman] rode upon a mare.
Chaucer.

TABARDER
Tab"ard*er, n.

1. One who wears a tabard.

2. A scholar on the foundation of Queen's College, Oxford, England,
whose original dress was a tabard. Nares.

TABARET
Tab"a*ret, n. [Cf. Tabby.]

Defn: A stout silk having satin stripes, -- used for furniture.

TABASCO SAUCE
Ta*bas"co sauce. [So named after Tabasco, a river and state of
Mexico.]

Defn: A kind of very pungent sauce made from red peppers.

TABASHEER
Tab`a*sheer", n. [Per. tabashir: cf. Skr. tvakkshira, tvakshira.]

Defn: A concretion in the joints of the bamboo, which consists
largely or chiefly of pure silica. It is highly valued in the East
Indies as a medicine for the cure of bilious vomitings, bloody flux,
piles, and various other diseases.

TABBINET
Tab"bi*net, n. [Cf. Tabby.]

Defn: A fabric like poplin, with a watered surface. [Written also
tabinet.]

TABEFACTION
Tab`e*fac"tion, n. [See Tabefy.]

Defn: A wasting away; a gradual losing of flesh by disease.

TABEFY
Tab"e*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tabefied; p. pr. & vb. n. Tabefying.]
[L. tabere to waste away + -fy: cf. L. tabefacere to melt.]

Defn: To cause to waste gradually, to emaciate. [R.]  Harvey.

TABELLION
Ta*bel"lion, n. [L. tabellio, fr. tabella a tablet, a writing,
document, dim. of tabula a board: cf. F. tabellion. See Table.]

Defn: A secretary or notary under the Roman empire; also, a similar
officer in France during the old monarchy.

TABER
Ta"ber, v. i.

Defn: Same as Tabor.  Nahum ii. 7.

TABERD
Tab"erd, n.

Defn: See Tabard.

TABERNACLE
Tab"er*na*cle, n. [F., fr. L. tabernaculum, dim. of taberna nut. See
Tabern.]

1. A slightly built or temporary habitation; especially, a tent.

Dwelling in tabernacles with Isaac and Jacob.
Heb. xi. 9.

Orange trees planted in the ground, and secured in winter with a
wooden tabernacle and stoves.
Evelyn.

2. (Jewish Antiq.) A portable structure of wooden framework covered
with curtains, which was carried through the wilderness in the
Israelitish exodus, as a place of sacrifice and worship.  Ex. xxvi.

3. Hence, the Jewish temple; sometimes, any other place for worship.
Acts xv. 16.

4. Figuratively: The human body, as the temporary abode of the soul.

Shortly I must put off this my tabernacle.
2 Pet. i. 14.

5. Any small cell, or like place, in which some holy or precious
things was deposited or kept. Specifically: --

(a) The ornamental receptacle for the pyx, or for the consecrated
elements, whether a part of a building or movable.

(b) A niche for the image of a saint, or for any sacred painting or
sculpture.

(c) Hence, a work of art of sacred subject, having a partially
architectural character, as a solid frame resting on a bracket, or
the like.

(d) A tryptich for sacred imagery.

(e) A seat or stall in a choir, with its canopy.

6. (Naut.) A boxlike step for a mast with the after side open, so
that the mast can be lowered to pass under bridges, etc.

Feast of Tabernacles (Jewish Antiq.), one of the three principal
festivals of the Jews, lasting seven days, during which the people
dwelt in booths formed of the boughs of trees, in commemoration of
the habitation of their ancestors in similar dwellings during their
pilgrimage in the wilderness. -- Tabernacle work, rich canopy work
like that over the head of niches, used over seats or stalls, or over
sepulchral monuments. Oxf. Gloss.

TABERNACLE
Tab"er*na*cle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tabernacled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Tabernacling.]

Defn: To dwell or reside for a time; to be temporary housed.

He assumed our nature, and tabernacled among us in the flesh.
Dr. J. Scott.

TABERNACULAR
Tab`er*nac"u*lar, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a tabernacle, especially the Jewish
tabernacle.

2. Formed in latticework; latticed.  T. Warton.

3. Of or pertaining to huts or booths; hence, common; low. "Horribly
tabernacular."  De Quincey.

TABES
Ta"bes (ta"bez), n. [L., a wasting disease.] (Med.)

Defn: Progressive emaciation of the body, accompanied with hectic
fever, with no well-marked local symptoms.

Tabes dorsalis (dôr*sa"lis) [NL., tabes of the back], locomotor
ataxia; -- sometimes called simply tabes. -- Tabes mesenterica [NL.,
mesenteric tabes], a wasting disease of childhood characterized by
chronic inflammation of the lymphatic glands of the mesentery,
attended with caseous degeneration.

TABESCENT
Ta*bes"cent, a. [L. tabescens wasting, p. pr. of tabescere.]

Defn: Withering, or wasting away.

TABETIC
Ta*bet"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to tabes; of the nature of tabes; affected
with tabes; tabid. -- n.

Defn: One affected with tabes.

TABID
Tab"id, a. [L. tabidus: cf. F. tabide. See Tabes.] (Med.)

Defn: Affected by tabes; tabetic.

In tabid persons, milk is the bset restorative.
Arbuthnot.

-- Tab"id*ly, adv. -- Tab"id*ness, n.

TABIFIC; TABIFICAL
Ta*bif"ic, Ta*bif"ic*al, a. [Tabes + L. facere to make.] (Med.)

Defn: Producing tabes; wasting; tabefying.

TABINET
Tab"inet, n.

Defn: See Tabbinet.  Thackeray.

TABLATURE
Tab"la*ture, n. [Cf. F. tablature ancient mode of musical notation.
See Table.]

1. (Paint.) A painting on a wall or ceiling; a single piece
comprehended in one view, and formed according to one design; hence,
a picture in general.  Shaftesbury.

2. (Mus.) An ancient mode of indicating musical sounds by letters and
other signs instead of by notes.

The chimes of bells are so rarely managed that I went up to that of
Sir Nicholas, where I found who played all sorts of compositions from
the tablature before him as if he had fingered an organ.
Evelyn.

3. (Anat.) Division into plates or tables with intervening spaces;
as, the tablature of the cranial bones.

TABLE
Ta"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tableed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tableing.]

1. To form into a table or catalogue; to tabulate; as, to table
fines.

2. To delineate, as on a table; to represent, as in a picture. [Obs.]
Tabled and pictured in the chambers of meditation. Bacon.

3. To supply with food; to feed. [Obs.] Milton.

4. (Carp.)

Defn: To insert, as one piece of timber into another, by alternate
scores or projections from the middle, to prevent slipping; to scarf.

5. To lay or place on a table, as money. Carlyle.

6. In parliamentary usage, to lay on the table; to postpone, by a
formal vote, the consideration of (a bill, motion, or the like) till
called for, or indefinitely.

7. To enter upon the docket; as, to table charges against some one.

8. (Naut.)

Defn: To make board hems in the skirts and bottoms of (sails) in
order to strengthen them in the part attached to the boltrope.

TABLE
Ta"ble, v. i.

Defn: To live at the table of another; to board; to eat. [Obs.] "He .
. . was driven from the society of men to table with the beasts."
South.

TABLEAU
Ta`bleau", n.; pl. Tableaux. Etym: [F., dim. fr. L. tabula a
painting. See Table.]

1. A striking and vivid representation; a picture.

2. A representation of some scene by means of persons grouped in the
proper manner, placed in appropriate postures, and remaining silent
and motionless.

TABLEAU VIVANT
Ta`bleau" vi`vant"; pl. Tableaux vivants. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Same as Tableau, n., 2.

TABLEBOOK
Ta"ble*book`, n.

Defn: A tablet; a notebook.
Put into your tablebook whatever you judge worthly. Dryden.

TABLECLOTH
Ta"ble*cloth`, n.

Defn: A cloth for covering a table, especially one with which a table
is covered before the dishes, etc., are set on for meals.

TABLE D'HOTE
Ta"ble d'hôte"; pl. Tables d'hôte. Etym: [F., literally, table of the
landlord.]

Defn: A common table for guests at a hotel; an ordinary.

TABLE-LAND
Ta"ble-land`, n.

Defn: A broad, level, elevated area of land; a plateau.
The toppling crags of Duty scaled, Are close upon the shining table-
lands To which our God himself is moon and sun. Tennyson.

TABLEMAN
Ta"ble*man, n.; pl. Tablemen (.

Defn: A man at draughts; a piece used in playing games at tables. See
Table, n., 10. [R.] Bacon.

TABLEMENT
Ta"ble*ment, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A table. [Obs.]
Tablements and chapters of pillars. Holland.

TABLER
Ta"bler, n.

1. One who boards. [Obs.]

2. One who boards others for hire. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

TABLESPOON
Ta"ble*spoon`, n.

Defn: A spoon of the largest size commonly used at the table; --
distinguished from teaspoon, dessert spoon, etc.

TABLESPOONFUL
Ta"ble*spoon`ful, n.; pl. Tablespoonfuls (.

Defn: As much as a tablespoon will hold; enough to fill a tablespoon.
It is usually reckoned as one half of a fluid ounce, or four fluid
drams.

TABLET
Ta"blet, n. Etym: [F. tablette, dim. of table. See Table.]

1. A small table or flat surface.

2. A flat piece of any material on which to write, paint, draw, or
engrave; also, such a piece containing an inscription or a picture.

3. Hence, a small picture; a miniature. [Obs.]

4. pl.

Defn: A kind of pocket memorandum book.

5. A flattish cake or piece; as, tablets of arsenic were formerly
worn as a preservative against the plague.

6. (Pharm.)

Defn: A solid kind of electuary or confection, commonly made of dry
ingredients with sugar, and usually formed into little flat squares;
-- called also lozenge, and troche, especially when of a round or
rounded form.

TABLEWARE
Ta"ble*ware`, n.

Defn: Ware, or articles collectively, for table use.

TABLE WORK
Table work. (Print.)

Defn: Typesetting of tabular nmatter, or the type matter set in
tabular form.

TABLING
Ta"bling, n.

1. A forming into tables; a setting down in order.

2. (Carp.)

Defn: The letting of one timber into another by alternate scores or
projections, as in shipbuilding.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A broad hem on the edge of a sail. Totten.

4. Board; support. [Obs.] Trence in English (1614).

5. Act of playing at tables. See Table, n., 10. [Obs.] Tabling house,
a gambling house. [Obs.] Northbrooke.

TABLOID
Tab"loid, n. [A table-mark.]

Defn: A compressed portion of one or more drugs or chemicals, or of
food, etc.

TABLOID
Tab"loid, a.

Defn: Compressed or condensed, as into a tabloid; administrated in or
as in tabloids, or small condensed bits; as, a tabloid form of
imparting information.

TABOO
Ta*boo", n.

Defn: A total prohibition of intercourse with, use of, or approach
to, a given person or thing under pain of death, -- an interdict of
religious origin and authority, formerly common in the islands of
Polynesia; interdiction. [Written also tabu.]

TABOO
Ta*boo", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tabooed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tabooing.]

Defn: To put under taboo; to forbid, or to forbid the use of; to
interdict approach to, or use of; as, to taboo the ground set apart
as a sanctuary for criminals. [Written also tabu.]

TABOR
Ta"bor, n. Etym: [OF. tabor, tabour, F. tambour; cf. Pr. tabor,
tanbor, Sp. & Pg. tambor, atambor, It. tamburo; all fr. Ar. & Per.
tamb a kind of lute, or giutar, or Per. tabir a drum. Cf. Tabouret,
Tambour.] (Mus.)

Defn: A small drum used as an accompaniment to a pipe or fife, both
being played by the same person. [Written also tabour, and taber.]

TABOR
Ta"bor, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tabored; p. pr. & vb. n. Taboring.] Etym:
[Cf. OF. taborer.] [Written also tabour.]

1. To play on a tabor, or little drum.

2. To strike lightly and frequently.

TABOR
Ta"bor, v. t.

Defn: To make (a sound) with a tabor.

TABORER
Ta"bor*er, n.

Defn: One who plays on the tabor. Shak.

TABORET
Tab"o*ret, n. Etym: [Dim. of tabor. Cf. Tabret.] (Mus.)

Defn: A small tabor. [Written also tabouret.]

TABORINE
Tab"o*rine, n. Etym: [OF. tabourin, F. tambourin. See Tabor, and cf.
Tambourine.] (Mus.)

Defn: A small, shallow drum; a tabor.

TABORITE
Ta"bor*ite, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of certain Bohemian reformers who suffered persecution in
the fifteenth century; -- so called from Tabor, a hill or fortress
where they encamped during a part of their struggles.

TABOUR
Ta"bour, n. & v.

Defn: See Tabor.

TABOURET
Tab"ou*ret, n. Etym: [F., dim. of OF. tabor, tabour, drum. See
Tabor.]

1. Same as Taboret.

2. A seat without arms or back, cushioned and stuffed: a high stool;
-- so called from its resemblance to a drum.

3. An embroidery frame. Knight. Right of the tabouret, the privilege
of sitting on a tabouret in the presence of the severeign, formerly
granted to certain ladies of high rank at the French court.

TABRERE
Tab"rere, n.

Defn: A taborer. [Obs.] Spenser.

TABRET
Tab"ret, n.

Defn: A taboret. Young.

TABU
Ta*bu", n. & v.

Defn: See Taboo.

TABULA
Tab"u*la, n.; pl. Tabulæ. Etym: [L.]

1. A table; a tablet.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the transverse plants found in the calicles of certain
corals and hydroids. Tabula rasa ( Etym: [L.], a smoothed tablet;
hence, figuratively, the mind in its earliest state, before receiving
impressions from without; -- a term used by Hobbes, Locke, and
others, in maintaining a theory opposed to the doctrine of innate
ideas.

TABULAR
Tab"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. tabularis, fr. tabula a board, table. See
Table.]

Defn: Having the form of, or pertaining to, a table (in any of the
uses of the word). Specifically: --
(a) Having a flat surface; as, a tabular rock.
(b) Formed into a succession of flakes; laminated.
Nodules . . . that are tabular and plated. Woodward.

(c) Set in squares. [R.]
(d) Arranged in a schedule; as, tabular statistics.
(e) Derived from, or computed by, the use of tables; as, tabular
right ascension. Tabular difference (Math.), the difference between
two consecutive numbers in a table, sometimes printed in its proper
place in the table.
 -- Tabular spar (Min.), wollastonite.

TABULARIZATION
Tab`u*lar*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of tabularizing, or the state of being tabularized;
formation into tables; tabulation.

TABULARIZE
Tab"u*lar*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tabularized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Tabularizing.]

Defn: To tabulate.

TABULATA
Tab`u*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. tabulatus floored.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An artificial group of stony corals including those which have
transverse septa in the calicles. The genera Pocillopora and
Favosites are examples.

TABULATE
Tab"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tabulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Tabulating.] Etym: [L. tabula a table. See Tabular.]

1. To form into a table or tables; to reduce to tables or synopses.
A philosophy is not worth the having, unless its results may be
tabulated, and put in figures. I. Taylor.

2. To shape with a flat surface.

TABULATION
Tab`u*la"tion, n.

Defn: The act of forming into a table or tables; as, the tabulation
of statistics.

TAC
Tac, n. Etym: [Cf. Tack, n., 4.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A kind of customary payment by a tenant; -- a word used in old
records. Cowell. Burrill.

TACAMAHAC; TACAMAHACA
Tac"a*ma*hac`, Tac`a*ma*ha"ca, n.

1. A bitter balsamic resin obtained from tropical American trees of
the genus Elaphrium (E. tomentosum and E. Tacamahaca), and also from
East Indian trees of the genus Calophyllum; also, the resinous
exhudation of the balsam poplar.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Any tree yielding tacamahac resin, especially, in North
America, the balsam poplar, or balm of Gilead (Populus balsamifera).

TACAUD
Ta*caud", n. Etym: [Cf. F. tacaud. See Tomcod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bib, or whiting pout. [Prov. Eng.]

TAC-AU-TAC
Tac`-au-tac", n. [F., fr. riposter du tac au tac to parry (where tac
imitates the sound made by the steel).] (Fencing)

Defn: The parry which is connected with a riposte; also, a series of
quick attacks and parries in which neither fencer gains a point.

TACE
Tace, n.

Defn: The cross, or church, of St. Antony. See Illust. (6), under
Cross, n. Mollett.

TACE
Tace, n.

Defn: See Tasse. Fairholt.

TACET
Ta"cet, v.impers. Etym: [L., it is silent, 3d pers.pr. of tacere to
be silent.] (Mus.)

Defn: It is silent; -- a direction for a vocal or instrumental part
to be silent during a whole movement.

TACHE
Tache, n. Etym: [See Tack a kind of nail.]

Defn: Something used for taking hold or holding; a catch; a loop; a
button. [Obs.] Ex. xxvi. 6.

TACHE
Tache, n. Etym: [F. tache spot. See Techy.]

Defn: A spot, stain, or blemish. [Obs.] Warner.

TACHHYDRITE
Tach*hy"drite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous chloride of calcium and magnesium occurring in
yellowish masses which rapidly deliquesce upon exposure. It is found
in the salt mines at Stassfurt.

TACHINA
Tach"i*na, n.; pl. Tachinæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of Diptera belonging to Tachina and
allied genera. Their larvæ are external parasites of other insects.

TACHISTOSCOPE
Ta*chis"to*scope, n. [Gr. , superl. of  swift + -scope.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An apparatus for exposing briefly to view a screen bearing
letters or figures. It is used in studying the range of attention, or
the power of distinguishing separate objects in a single impression.

TACHOGRAPH
Tach"o*graph, n. [Gr.  speed + -graph.]

Defn: A recording or registering tachometer; also, its autographic
record.

TACHOMETER
Ta*chom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. tachomètre.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the velocity, or indicating changes
in the velocity, of a moving body or substance. Specifically: --
(a) An instrument for measuring the velocity of running water in a
river or canal, consisting of a wheel with inclined vanes, which is
turned by the current. The rotations of the wheel are recorded by
clockwork.
(b) An instrument for showing at any moment the speed of a revolving
shaft, consisting of a delicate revolving conical pendulum which is
driven by the shaft, and the action of which by change of speed moves
a pointer which indicates the speed on a graduated dial.
(c) (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the velocity of the blood;
a hæmatachometer.

TACHOMETRY
Ta*chom"e*try, n.

Defn: Measurement by a tachometer; the science or use of tachometers.

TACHYDIDAXY
Tach"y*di*dax`y, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A short or rapid method of instructing. [R.]

TACHYGLOSSA
Tach`y*glos"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of monotremes which comprises the spiny ant-eaters
of Australia and New Guinea. See Illust. under Echidna.

TACHYGRAPH
Tach"y*graph, n.

Defn: An example of tachygraphy; esp., an ancient Greek or Roman
tachygraphic manuscript.

TACHYGRAPHER
Ta*chyg"ra*pher, n. [Gr.  a fast writer.]

Defn: One who writes shorthand; a stenographer; esp., an ancient
Greek or Roman notary.

TACHYGRAPHIC; TACHYGRAPHICAL
Tach`y*graph"ic, Tach`y*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
tachygraphique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to tachygraphy; written in shorthand.

TACHYGRAPHY
Ta*chyg"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. tachygraphie.]

Defn: The art or practice of rapid writing; shorthand writing;
stenography. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

TACHYLYTE
Tach"y*lyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A vitreous form of basalt; -- so called because decompposable
by acids and readily fusible.

TACHYMETER
Ta*chym"e*ter, n.  [Tachy- + -meter.]

1. (Surveying) An instrument, esp. a transit or theodolite with
stadia wires, for determining quickly the distances, bearings, and
elevations of distant objects.

2.  A speed indicator; a tachometer.

TACHYMETRY
Ta*chym"e*try, n.

Defn: The science or use of the tachymeter. -- Ta`chy*met"ric (#), a.

TACHYSCOPE
Tach"y*scope, n. [Gr.  quick + -scope.]

Defn: An early form of antimated-picture machine, devised in 1889 by
Otto Anschütz of Berlin, in which the chronophotographs were mounted
upon the periphery of a rotating wheel.

TACIT
Tac"it, a. Etym: [L. tacitus, p.p. of tacere to be silent, to pass
over in silence; akin to Goth. to be silent, Icel. , OHG. dagen: cf.
F. tacite. Cf. Reticent.]

Defn: Done or made in silence; implied, but not expressed; silent;
as, tacit consent is consent by silence, or by not interposing an
objection.
 -- Tac"it*ly, adv.
The tacit and secret theft of abusing our brother in civil contracts.
Jer. Taylor.

TACITURN
Tac"i*turn, a. Etym: [L. taciturnus: cf. F. taciturne. See Tacit.]

Defn: Habitually silent; not given to converse; not apt to talk or
speak.
 -- Tac"i*turn*ly, adv.

Syn.
 -- Silent; reserved. Taciturn, Silent. Silent has reference to the
act; taciturn, to the habit. A man may be silent from circumstances;
he is taciturn from disposition. The loquacious man is at times
silent; one who is taciturn may now and then make an effort at
conversation.

TACITURNITY
Tac`i*tur"ni*ty, n. Etym: [L. taciturnitas: cf. F. taciturnité.]

Defn: Habilual silence, or reserve in speaking.
The cause of Addison's taciturnity was a natural diffidence in the
company of strangers. V. Knox.
The taciturnity and the short answers which gave so much offense.
Macaulay.

TACK
Tack, n. Etym: [From an old or dialectal form of F. tache. See
Techy.]

1. A stain; a tache. [Obs.]

2. Etym: [Cf. L. tactus.]

Defn: A peculiar flavor or taint; as, a musty tack. [Obs. or Colloq.]
Drayton.

TACK
Tack, n. Etym: [OE. tak, takke, a fastening; akin to D. tak a branch,
twig, G. zacke a twig, prong, spike, Dan. takke a tack, spike; cf.
also Sw. tagg prickle, point, Icel. tag a willow twig, Ir. taca a
peg, nail, fastening, Gael. tacaid, Armor. & Corn. tach; perhaps akin
to E. take. Cf. Attach, Attack, Detach, Tag an end, Zigzag.]

1. A small, short, sharp-pointed nail, usually having a broad, flat
head.

2. That which is attached; a supplement; an appendix. See Tack, v.
t., 3. Macaulay.
Some tacks had been made to money bills in King Charles's time. Bp.
Burnet.

3. (Naut.)
(a) A rope used to hold in place the foremost lower corners of the
courses when the vessel is closehauled (see Illust. of Ship); also, a
rope employed to pull the lower corner of a studding sail to the
boom.
(b) The part of a sail to which the tack is usually fastened; the
foremost lower corner of fore-and-aft sails, as of schooners (see
Illust. of Sail).
(c) The direction of a vessel in regard to the trim of her sails; as,
the starboard tack, or port tack; -- the former when she is
closehauled with the wind on her starboard side; hence, the run of a
vessel on one tack; also, a change of direction.

4. (Scots Law)

Defn: A contract by which the use of a thing is set, or let, for
hire; a lease. Burrill.

5. Confidence; reliance. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Tack of a flag
(Naut.), a line spliced into the eye at the foot of the hoist for
securing the flag to the halyards.
 -- Tack pins (Naut.), belaying pins; -- also called jack pins.
 -- To haul the tacks aboard (Naut.), to set the courses.
 -- To hold tack, to last or hold out. Milton.

TACK
Tack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tacked; p. pr. & vb. n. Tacking.] Etym:
[Cf. OD. tacken to touch, take, seize, fix, akin to E. take. See Tack
a small nail.]

1. To fasten or attach. "In hopes of getting some commendam tacked to
their sees." Swift.
And tacks the center to the sphere. Herbert.

2. Especially, to attach or secure in a slight or hasty manner, as by
stitching or nailing; as, to tack together the sheets of a book; to
tack one piece of cloth to another; to tack on a board or shingle; to
tack one piece of metal to another by drops of solder.

3. In parliamentary usage, to add (a supplement) to a bill; to
append; -- often with on or to. Macaulay.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: To change the direction of (a vessel) when sailing closehauled,
by putting the helm alee and shifting the tacks and sails so that she
will proceed to windward nearly at right angles to her former course.

Note: In tacking, a vessel is brought to point at first directly to
windward, and then so that the wind will blow against the other side.

TACK
Tack, v. i. (Naut.)

Defn: To change the direction of a vessel by shifting the position of
the helm and sails; also (as said of a vessel), to have her direction
changed through the shifting of the helm and sails. See Tack, v. t.,
4.
Monk, . . . when he wanted his ship to tack to larboard, moved the
mirth of his crew by calling out, "Wheel to the left." Macaulay.

TACKER
Tack"er, n.

Defn: One who tacks.

TACKET
Tack"et, n. Etym: [Dim. of tack a small nail.]

Defn: A small, broad-headed nail. [Scot.] Jamieson.

TACKEY
Tack"ey, a. & n.

Defn: See Tacky.

TACKING
Tack"ing, n. (Law)

Defn: A union of securities given at different times, all of which
must be redeemed before an intermediate purchaser can interpose his
claim. Bouvier.

Note: The doctrine of tacking is not recognized in American law.
Kent.

TACKLE
Tac"kle (; sometimes improperly pronounced , especially by seamen),
n. Etym: [OE. takel, akin to LG. & D. takel, Dan. takkel, Sw. tackel;
perhaps akin to E. taw, v.t., or to take.]

1. Apparatus for raising or lowering heavy weights, consisting of a
rope and pulley blocks; sometimes, the rope and attachments, as
distinct from the block.

2. Any instruments of action; an apparatus by which an object is
moved or operated; gear; as, fishing tackle, hunting tackle;
formerly, specifically, weapons. "She to her tackle fell." Hudibras.

Note: In Chaucer, it denotes usually an arrow or arrows.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The rigging and apparatus of a ship; also, any purchase where
more than one block is used. Fall and tackle. See the Note under
Pulley.
 -- Fishing tackle. See under Fishing, a.
 -- Ground tackle (Naut.), anchors, cables, etc.
 -- Gun tackle, the apparatus or appliances for hauling cannon in or
out.
 -- Tackle fall, the rope, or rather the end of the rope, of a
tackle, to which the power is applied.
 -- Tack tackle (Naut.), a small tackle to pull down the tacks of the
principal sails.
 -- Tackle board, Tackle post (Ropemaking), a board, frame, or post,
at the end of a ropewalk, for supporting the spindels, or whirls, for
twisting the yarns.

TACKLE
Tac"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tackled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tackling.]
Etym: [Cf. LG. takeln to equip. See Tackle, n.]

1. To supply with tackle. Beau. & Fl.

2. To fasten or attach, as with a tackle; to harness; as, to tackle a
horse into a coach or wagon. [Colloq.]

3. To seize; to lay hold of; to grapple; as, a wrestler tackles his
antagonist; a dog tackles the game.
The greatest poetess of our day has wasted her time and strength in
tackling windmills under conditions the most fitted to insure her
defeat. Dublin Univ. Mag.

Defn: To begin to deal with; as, to tackle the problem.

TACKLED
Tac"kled, a.

Defn: Made of ropes tacked together.
My man shall be with thee, And bring thee cords made like a tackled
stair. Shak.

TACKLING
Tac"kling, n. (Naut.)

1. Furniture of the masts and yards of a vessel, as cordage, sails,
etc.

2. Instruments of action; as, fishing tackling. Walton.

3. The straps and fixures adjusted to an animal, by which he draws a
carriage, or the like; harness.

TACKSMAN
Tacks"man, n.; pl. Tacksmen (. (Scots Law)

Defn: One who holds a tack or lease from another; a tenant, or
lessee. Sir W. Scott.
The tacksmen, who formed what may be called the "peerage" of the
little community, must be the captains. Macaulay.

TACKY
Tack"y, a. Etym: [Cf. Techy, Tack a spot.]

Defn: Sticky; adhesive; raw; -- said of paint, varnish, etc., when
not well dried. [U. S.]

TACONIC
Ta*con"ic, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, the series of rocks forming the
Taconic mountains in Western New England. They were once supposed to
be older than the Cambrian, but later proved to belong to the Lower
Silurian and Cambrian.

TACT
Tact, n. Etym: [L. tactus a touching, touch, fr. tangere, tactum, to
touch: cf. F. tact. See Tangent.]

1. The sense of touch; feeling.
Did you suppose that I could not make myself sensible to tact as well
as sight Southey.
Now, sight is a very refined tact. J. Le Conte.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The stroke in beating time.

3. Sensitive mental touch; peculiar skill or faculty; nice perception
or discernment; ready power of appreciating and doing what is
required by circumstances.
He had formed plans not inferior in grandeur and boldness to those of
Richelieu, and had carried them into effect with a tact and wariness
worthy of Mazarin. Macaulay.
A tact which surpassed the tact of her sex as much as the tact of her
sex surpassed the tact of ours. Macaulay.

TACTABLE
Tac"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being touched; tangible. [R.] "They [women] being
created to be both tractable and tactable." Massinger.

TACTFUL
Tact"ful, a.

Defn: Full of tact; characterized by a discerning sense of what is
right, proper, or judicious.

TACTIC; TACTICAL
Tac"tic, Tac"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. tactics.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the art of military and naval tactics.
 -- Tac"tic*al*ly, adv.

TACTIC
Tac"tic, n.

Defn: See Tactics.

TACTICIAN
Tac*ti"cian, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tacticien.]

Defn: One versed in tactics; hence, a skillful maneuverer; an adroit
manager.

TACTICS
Tac"tics, n. Etym: [Gr. tactique.]

1. The science and art of disposing military and naval forces in
order for battle, and performing military and naval evolutions. It is
divided into grand tactics, or the tactics of battles, and elementary
tactics, or the tactics of instruction.

2. Hence, any system or method of procedure.

TACTILE
Tac"tile, a. Etym: [L. tactilis, fr. tangere, tactum, to touch: cf.
F. tactile.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the organs, or the sense, of touch;
perceiving, or perceptible, by the touch; capable of being touched;
as, tactile corpuscles; tactile sensations. "Tactile sweets."
Beaumont. "Tactile qualities." Sir M. Hale. Tactile sense (Physiol.),
the sense of touch, or pressure sense. See Touch.
The delicacy of the tactile sense varies on different parts of the
skin; it is geatest on the forehead, temples and back of the forearm.
H. N. Martin.

TACTILITY
Tac*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tactilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being tactile; perceptibility by touch;
tangibleness.

TACTION
Tac"tion, n. Etym: [L. tactio, from tangere, tactum, to touch.]

Defn: The act of touching; touch; contact; tangency. "External
taction." Chesterfield.

TACTLESS
Tact"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of tact.

TACTUAL
Tac"tu*al, a. Etym: [See Tact.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sense, or the organs, of touch; derived
from touch.
In the lowest organisms we have a kind of tactual sense diffused over
the entire body. Tyndall.

TADPOLE
Tad"pole`, n. Etym: [OE. tadde toad (AS. tadie, tadige) + poll;
properly, a toad that is or seems all head. See Toad, and Poll.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The young aquatic larva of any amphibian. In this stage it
breathes by means of external or internal gills, is at first
destitute of legs, and has a finlike tail. Called also polliwig,
polliwog, porwiggle, or purwiggy.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hooded merganser. [Local, U.S.] Tadpole fish. (Zoöl.) See
Forkbeard (a).

TAEDIUM
Tæ"di*um, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Tedium.

TAEL
Tael, n. Etym: [Malay ta, a certain weight, probably fr. Hind. tola,
Skr. tula a balance, weight, tul to weigh.]

Defn: A denomination of money, in China, worth nearly six shillings
sterling, or about a dollar and forty cents; also, a weight of one
ounce and a third. [Written also tale.]

TAEN; TA'EN
Taen, or Ta'en,

Defn: p. p. of Ta, to take, or a contraction of Taken. [Poetic &
Scot.] Burns.

TAENIA
Tæ"ni*a, n.; pl. Tæniæ. Etym: [L., a ribbon, a tapeworm.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of intestinal worms which includes the common tapeworms
of man. See Tapeworm.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A band; a structural line; -- applied to several bands and
lines of nervous matter in the brain.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: The fillet, or band, at the bottom of a Doric frieze,
separating it from the architrave.

TAENIACIDE; TENIACIDE
Tæ"ni*a*cide`, n. Also Te"ni*a*cide` . [Tænia + -cide.] (Med.)

Defn: A remedy to destroy tapeworms.

TAENIADA
Tæ*ni"a*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Tænioidea.

TAENIAFUGE; TENIAFUGE
Tæ"ni*a*fuge`, n. Also Te"ni*a*fuge`. [Tænia + L. fugare to drive
away.] (Med.)

Defn: A remedy to expel tapeworms.

TAENIASIS; TENIASIS
Tæ*ni"a*sis, n. Also Te*ni"a*sis. [NL. See Tænia.] (Med.)

Defn: Ill health due to tænia, or tapeworms.

TAENIATA
Tæ`ni*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. taenia a ribbon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Ctenophora including those which have a long,
ribbonlike body. The Venus's girdle is the most familiar example.

TAENIDIUM
Tæ*nid"i*um, n.; pl. Tænidia. Etym: [NL., dim. fr. L. taenia a
ribbon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chitinous fiber forming the spiral thread of the tracheæ of
insects. See Illust. of Trachea.

TAENIOGLOSSA
Tæ`ni*o*glos"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division of gastropod mollusks in which the
odontophore is long and narrow, and usually bears seven rows of
teeth. It includes a large number of families both marine and fresh-
water.

TAENIOGLOSSATE
Tæ`ni*o*glos"sate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Tænioglossa.

TAENIOID
Tæ"ni*oid, a. Etym: [Tænia + -oid.]

1. Ribbonlike; shaped like a ribbon.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to Tænia.

TAENIOIDEA
Tæ`ni*oi"de*a, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of cestode worms which comprises the tapeworms.
See Tapeworm.

TAENIOLA
Tæ*ni"o*la, n.; pl. Tæniolæ. Etym: [L., dim. of taenia a ribbon.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the radial partitions which separate the internal
cavities of certain medusæ.

TAENIOSOMI
Tæ`ni*o*so"mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes remarkable for their long and compressed
form. The ribbon fishes are examples. See Ribbon fish, under Ribbon.

TAFFERER
Taf"fer*er, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Taffrail.

TAFFETA; TAFFETY
Taf"fe*ta, Taf"fe*ty, n. Etym: [F. taffetas, It. taffetà, from Per.
taftah, originally, twisted, woven, from taftan to twist, to spin.]

Defn: A fine, smooth stuff of silk, having usually the wavy luster
called watering. The term has also been applied to different kinds of
silk goods, from the 16th century to modern times.
Lined with taffeta and with sendal. Chaucer.

TAFFRAIL
Taff"rail, n. Etym: [D. tafereel a panel, picture, fr. tafel table,
fr. L. tabula. See Table.] (Naut.)

Defn: The upper part of a ship's stern, which is flat like a table on
the top, and sometimes ornamented with carved work; the rail around a
ship's stern. [Written also tafferel.]

TAFFY
Taf"fy, n. Etym: [Prov. E. taffy toffy.]

1. A kind of candy made of molasses or brown sugar boiled down and
poured out in shallow pans. [Written also, in England, toffy.]

2. Flattery; soft phrases. [Slang]

TAFIA
Taf"i*a, n. Etym: [Cf. F. & Sp. tafia, It. taffia; fr. Malay tafia a
spirit distilled from molasses. Cf. Ratafia.]

Defn: A variety of rum. [West Indies]

TAG
Tag, n. Etym: [Probably akin to tack a small nail; cf. Sw. tagg a
prickle, point, tooth.]

1. Any slight appendage, as to an article of dress; something slight
hanging loosely; specifically, a direction card, or label.

2. A metallic binding, tube, or point, at the end of a string, or
lace, to stiffen it.

3. The end, or catchword, of an actor's speech; cue.

4. Something mean and paltry; the rabble. [Obs.] Tag and rag, the
lowest sort; the rabble. Holinshed.

5. A sheep of the first year. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Defn: A sale of usually used items (such as furniture, clothing,
household items or bric-a-brac), conducted by one or a small group of
individuals, at a location which is not a normal retail
establishment.

Note: Frequently it is held in the private home or in a yard attached
to a private home belonging to the seller. Similar to a yard sale or
garage sale. Compare flea market, where used items are sold by many
individuals in a place rented for the purpose.

TAG
Tag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Tagging.]

1. To fit with, or as with, a tag or tags.
He learned to make long-tagged thread laces. Macaulay.
His courteous host . . . Tags every sentence with some fawning word.
Dryden.

2. To join; to fasten; to attach. Bolingbroke.

3. To follow closely after; esp., to follow and touch in the game of
tag. See Tag, a play.

TAG
Tag, v. i.

Defn: To follow closely, as it were an appendage; -- often with
after; as, to tag after a person.

TAG
Tag, n. Etym: [From Tag, v.; cf. Tag, an end.]

Defn: A child's play in which one runs after and touches another, and
then runs away to avoid being touched.

TAGAL
Ta*gal", n.

1. One of a Malayan race, mainly of central Luzon, next to the
Visayans the most numerous of the native peoples of the Philippines.
Nearly all are Christians and many are highly educated.

2.  The language of the Tagals; Tagalog.

TAGALOG
Ta*ga"log, n.

1. (Ethnol.) Any member of a certain tribe which is one of the
leading and most civilized of those native of the Philippine Islands.

2.  The language of the Tagalogs. It belongs to the Malay family of
languages and is one of the most highly developed members of the
family.

TAGBELT
Tag"belt`, n. (Far.)

Defn: Same as Tagsore. [Obs.]

TAG DAY
Tag day.

Defn: A day on which contributions to some public or private charity
or fund are solicited promiscuously on the street, and tags given to
contributors to wear as an evidence of their having contributed. Such
solicitation is now subject to legal restriction in various places.

TAGGER
Tag"ger, n.

1. One who, or that which, appends or joins one thing to another.

2. That which is pointed like a tag.
Hedgehogs' or procupines' small taggers. Cotton.

3. pl.

Defn: Sheets of tin or other plate which run below the gauge. Knight.

4. A device for removing taglocks from sheep. Knight.

TAGLET
Tag"let, n.

Defn: A little tag.

TAGLIA
Tagl"ia, n. Etym: [It., a cutting, a pulley, from tagliare to cut.
See Tailor.] (Mech.)

Defn: A peculiar combination of pulleys. Brande & C.

TAGLIACOTAIN
Tagl`ia*co"tain, a. (Surg.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Tagliacozzi, a Venetian surgeon; as, the
Tagliacotian operation, a method of rhinoplasty described by him.
[Also Taliacotian, and Tagliacozzian.]

TAGLIONI
Tagl*io"ni, n.

Defn: A kind of outer coat, or overcoat; -- said to be so named after
a celebrated Italian family of professional dancers.
He ought certainly to exchange his taglioni, or comfortable
greatcoat, for a cuirass of steel. Sir W. Scott.

TAGLOCK
Tag"lock`, n.

Defn: An entangled lock, as of hair or wool. Nares.

TAGNICATE
Tag"ni*cate, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The white-lipped peccary.

TAG-RAG
Tag"-rag`, n. & a. Etym: [See Tag an end, and Rag.]

Defn: The lowest class of people; the rabble. Cf. Rag, tag, and
bobtail, under Bobtail.
If the tag-rag people did not clap him and hiss him, I am no true
man. Shak.

TAGSORE
Tag"sore`, n. (Far.)

Defn: Adhesion of the tail of a sheep to the wool from excoriation
produced by contact with the feces; -- called also tagbelt. [Obs.]

TAGTAIL
Tag"tail`, n.

1. A worm which has its tail conspicuously colored.

2. A person who attaches himself to another against the will of the
latter; a hanger-on.

TAGUAN
Tag"u*an, n. Etym: [From the native name in the East Indies.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large flying squirrel (Pteromys petuarista). Its body becomes
two feet long, with a large bushy tail nearly as long.

TAGUICATI
Ta`gui*ca"ti, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The white-lipped peccary.

TAHA
Ta"ha, n.

Defn: The African rufous-necked weaver bird (Hyphantornis texor).

TAHALEB
Ta*ha"leb, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fox (Vulpes Niloticus) of Northern Africa.

TAHITIAN
Ta*hi"ti*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Tahiti, an island in the Pacific Ocean.
 -- n.

Defn: A native inhabitant of Tahiti.

TAHR
Tahr, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Thar.

TAI
Tai, a.

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, the chief linguistic stock of
Indo-China, including the peoples of Siamese and Shan speech.

TAI
Tai, n.

Defn: A member of one of the tribes of the Tai stock.

The Tais first appeared in history in Yunnan, and from thence they
migrated into Upper Burma. The earliest swarms appear to have entered
that tract about two thousand years ago, and were small in number.
Census of India, 1901.

TAIL
Tail, n. Etym: [F. taille a cutting. See Entail, Tally.] (Law)

Defn: Limitation; abridgment. Burrill. Estate in tail, a limited,
abridged, or reduced fee; an estate limited to certain heirs, and
from which the other heirs are precluded; -- called also estate tail.
Blackstone.

TAIL
Tail, a. (Law)

Defn: Limited; abridged; reduced; curtailed; as, estate tail.

TAIL
Tail, n. Etym: [AS. tægel, tægl; akin to G. zagel, Icel. tagl, Sw.
tagel, Goth. tagl hair. *59.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The terminal, and usually flexible, posterior appendage of an
animal.

Note: The tail of mammals and reptiles contains a series of movable
vertebræ, and is covered with flesh and hairs or scales like those of
other parts of the body. The tail of existing birds consists of
several more or less consolidated vertebræ which supports a fanlike
group of quills to which the term tail is more particularly applied.
The tail of fishes consists of the tapering hind portion of the body
ending in a caudal fin. The term tail is sometimes applied to the
entire abdomen of a crustacean or insect, and sometimes to the
terminal piece or pygidium alone.

2. Any long, flexible terminal appendage; whatever resembles, in
shape or position, the tail of an animal, as a catkin.
Doretus writes a great praise of the distilled waters of those tails
that hang on willow trees. Harvey.

3. Hence, the back, last, lower, or inferior part of anything, -- as
opposed to the Ant: head, or the superior part.
The Lord will make thee the head, and not the tail. Deut. xxviii. 13.

4. A train or company of attendants; a retinue.
"Ah," said he, "if you saw but the chief with his tail on." Sir W.
Scott.

5. The side of a coin opposite to that which bears the head, effigy,
or date; the reverse; -- rarely used except in the expression "heads
or tails," employed when a coin is thrown up for the purpose of
deciding some point by its fall.

6. (Anat.)

Defn: The distal tendon of a muscle.

7. (Bot.)

Defn: A downy or feathery appendage to certain achens. It is formed
of the permanent elongated style.

8. (Surg.)
(a) A portion of an incision, at its beginning or end, which does not
go through the whole thickness of the skin, and is more painful than
a complete incision; -- called also tailing.
(b) One of the strips at the end of a bandage formed by splitting the
bandage one or more times.

9. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope spliced to the strap of a block, by which it may be
lashed to anything.

10. (Mus.)

Defn: The part of a note which runs perpendicularly upward or
downward from the head; the stem. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

11. pl.

Defn: Same as Tailing, 4.

12. (Arch.)

Defn: The bottom or lower portion of a member or part, as a slate or
tile.

13. pl. (Mining)

Defn: See Tailing, n., 5. Tail beam. (Arch.) Same as Tailpiece.
 -- Tail coverts (Zoöl.), the feathers which cover the bases of the
tail quills. They are sometimes much longer than the quills, and form
elegant plumes. Those above the quills are called the upper tail
coverts, and those below, the under tail coverts.
 -- Tail end, the latter end; the termination; as, the tail end of a
contest. [Colloq.] -- Tail joist. (Arch.) Same as Tailpiece.
 -- Tail of a comet (Astron.), a luminous train extending from the
nucleus or body, often to a great distance, and usually in a
direction opposite to the sun.
 -- Tail of a gale (Naut.), the latter part of it, when the wind has
greatly abated. Totten.
 -- Tail of a lock (on a canal), the lower end, or entrance into the
lower pond.
 -- Tail of the trenches (Fort.), the post where the besiegers begin
to break ground, and cover themselves from the fire of the place, in
advancing the lines of approach.
 -- Tail spindle, the spindle of the tailstock of a turning lathe; --
called also dead spindle.
 -- To turn tail, to run away; to flee.
Would she turn tail to the heron, and fly quite out another way; but
all was to return in a higher pitch. Sir P. Sidney.

TAIL
Tail, v. t.

1. To follow or hang to, like a tail; to be attached closely to, as
that which can not be evaded. [Obs.]
Nevertheless his bond of two thousand pounds, wherewith he was
tailed, continued uncanceled, and was called on the next Parliament.
Fuller.

2. To pull or draw by the tail. [R.] Hudibras. To tail in or on
(Arch.), to fasten by one of the ends into a wall or some other
support; as, to tail in a timber.

TAIL
Tail, v. i.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: To hold by the end; -- said of a timber when it rests upon a
wall or other support; -- with in or into.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To swing with the stern in a certain direction; -- said of a
vessel at anchor; as, this vessel tails down stream. Tail on. (Naut.)
See Tally on, under Tally.

TAILAGE
Tail"age, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: See Tallage.

TAIL-BAY
Tail"-bay`, n.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: One of the joists which rest one end on the wall and the other
on a girder; also, the space between a wall and the nearest girder of
a floor. Cf. Case-bay.

2. The part of a canal lock below the lower gates.

TAILBLOCK
Tail"block`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A block with a tail. See Tail, 9.

TAILBOARD
Tail"board`, n.

Defn: The board at the rear end of a cart or wagon, which can be
removed or let down, for convenience in loading or unloading.

TAILED
Tailed, a.

Defn: Having a tail; having (such) a tail or (so many) tails; --
chiefly used in composition; as, bobtailed, longtailed, etc.
Snouted and tailed like a boar. Grew.

TAILING
Tail"ing, n.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: The part of a projecting stone or brick inserted in a wall.
Gwilt.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: Same as Tail, n., 8 (a).

3. Sexual intercourse. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. pl.

Defn: The lighter parts of grain separated from the seed threshing
and winnowing; chaff.

5. pl. (Mining)

Defn: The refuse part of stamped ore, thrown behind the tail of the
buddle or washing apparatus. It is dressed over again to secure
whatever metal may exist in it. Called also tails. Pryce.

TAILLE
Taille, n. Etym: [F. See Tally, Tailor.]

1. A tally; an account scored on a piece of wood. [Obs.]
Whether that he paid or took by taille. Chaucer.

2. (O. F. Law)

Defn: Any imposition levied by the king, or any other lord, upon his
subjects.
The taille, as it still subsists in France, may serve as an example
of those ancient tallages. It was a tax upon the profits of the
farmer, which they estimate by the stock that he has upon the farm.
A. Smith.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: The French name for the tenor voice or part; also, for the
tenor viol or viola.

TAILLESS
Tail"less, a.

Defn: Having no tail. H. Spencer.

TAILLIE
Tail"lie, n. (Scots Law)

Defn: Same as Tailzie.

TAILOR
Tai"lor, n. Etym: [OF. tailleor, F. tailleur, fr. OF. taillier, F.
tailler to cut, fr. L. talea a rod, stick, a cutting, layer for
planting. Cf. Detail, Entail, Retail, Tally, n.]

1. One whose occupation is to cut out and make men's garments; also,
one who cuts out and makes ladies' outer garments.
Well said, good woman's tailor . . . I would thou wert a man's
tailor. Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The mattowacca; -- called also tailor herring.
(b) The silversides.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The goldfish. [Prov. Eng.] Salt-water tailor (Zoöl.), the
bluefish. [Local, U.S.] Bartlett.
 -- Tailor bird (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small Asiatic
and East Indian singing birds belonging to Orthotomus, Prinia, and
allied genera. They are noted for the skill with which they sew
leaves together to form nests. The common Indian species are O.
longicauda, which has the back, scapulars, and upper tail coverts
yellowish green, and the under parts white; and the golden-headed
tailor bird (O. coronatus), which has the top of the head golden
yellow and the back and wings pale olive-green.

TAILOR
Tai"lor, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tailored; p. pr. & vb. n. Tailoring.]

Defn: To practice making men's clothes; to follow the business of a
tailor.
These tailoring artists for our lays Invent cramped rules. M. Green.

TAILORESS
Tai"lor*ess, n.

Defn: A female tailor.

TAILORING
Tai"lor*ing, adv.

Defn: The business or the work of a tailor or a tailoress.

TAILOR-MADE
Tai"lor-made`, a.

Defn: Made by a tailor or according to a tailor's fashion; -- said
specif. of women's garments made with certain closeness of fit,
simplicity of ornament, etc.

TAILPIECE
Tail"piece`, n.

1. A piece at the end; an appendage.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: One of the timbers which tail into a header, in floor framing.
See Illust. of Header.

3. (Print.)

Defn: An ornament placed at the bottom of a short page to fill up the
space, or at the end of a book. Savage.

4. A piece of ebony or other material attached to the lower end of a
violin or similar instrument, to which the strings are fastened.

TAILPIN
Tail"pin", n. (Mach.)

Defn: The center in the spindle of a turning lathe.

TAILRACE
Tail"race`, n.

1. See Race, n., 6.

2. (Mining)

Defn: The channel in which tailings, suspended in water, are
conducted away.

TAILSTOCK
Tail"stock`, n.

Defn: The sliding block or support, in a lathe, which carries the
dead spindle, or adjustable center. The headstock supports the live
spindle.

TAIL-WATER
Tail"-wa`ter, n.

Defn: Water in a tailrace.

TAILZIE
Tail"zie (-zî or -yî), n. Etym: [F. tailler to cut. See Tail a
limitation.] (Scots Law)

Defn: An entailment or deed whereby the legal course of succession is
cut off, and an arbitrary one substituted. [Written also tailzee.]

TAIN
Tain, n. Etym: [OE. tein, teyne; cf. Icel. teinn a twig, akin to AS.
tan, Goth. tains.]

Defn: Thin tin plate; also, tin foil for mirrors. Knight.

TAINT
Taint, n. Etym: [Cf. F. atteinte a blow, bit, stroke. See Attaint.]

1. A thrust with a lance, which fails of its intended effect. [Obs.]
This taint he followed with his sword drawn from a silver sheath.
Chapman.

2. An injury done to a lance in an encounter, without its being
broken; also, a breaking of a lance in an encounter in a dishonorable
or unscientific manner. [Obs.]

TAINT
Taint, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tainted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tainting.]

Defn: To thrust ineffectually with a lance. [Obs.]

TAINT
Taint, v. t.

1. To injure, as a lance, without breaking it; also, to break, as a
lance, but usually in an unknightly or unscientific manner. [Obs.]
Do not fear; I have A staff to taint, and bravely. Massinger.

2. To hit or touch lightly, in tilting. [Obs.]
They tainted each other on the helms and passed by. Ld. Berners.

TAINT
Taint, v. t. Etym: [F. teint, p.p. of teindre to dye, tinge, fr. L.
tingere, tinctum. See Tinge, and cf. Tint.]

1. To imbue or impregnate with something extraneous, especially with
something odious, noxious, or poisonous; hence, to corrupt; to
infect; to poison; as, putrid substance taint the air.

2. Fig.: To stain; to sully; to tarnish.
His unkindness may defeat my life, But never taint my love. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To contaminate; defile; pollute; corrupt; infect; disease;
vitiate; poison.

TAINT
Taint, v. i.

1. To be infected or corrupted; to be touched with something
corrupting.
I can not taint with fear. Shak.

2. To be affected with incipient putrefaction; as, meat soon taints
in warm weather.

TAINT
Taint, n.

1. Tincture; hue; color; tinge. [Obs.]

2. Infection; corruption; deprivation.
He had inherited from his parents a scrofulous taint, which it was
beyond the power of medicine to remove. Macaulay.

3. A blemish on reputation; stain; spot; disgrace.

TAINTLESS
Taint"less, a.

Defn: Free from taint or infection; pure.

TAINTLESSLY
Taint"less*ly, adv.

Defn: In a taintless manner.

TAINTURE
Tain"ture, n. Etym: [F. teinture. See Taint to stain, and cf.
Tincture.]

Defn: Taint; tinge; difilement; stain; spot. [R.] Shak.

TAINTWORM
Taint"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A destructive parasitic worm or insect larva.

TAIPING; TAEPING
Tai"ping", or Tae"ping", a. [Chin. t'aip'ing great peace.] (Chinese
Hist.)

Defn: Pertaining to or designating a dynasty with which one Hung-Siu-
Chuen, a half-religious, half-political enthusiast, attempted to
supplant the Manchu dynasty by the Taiping rebellion, incited by him
in 1850 and suppressed by General Gordon about 1864.

TAIRA
Tai"ra, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Tayra.

TAIRN
Tairn, n.

Defn: See Tarn. Coleridge.

TAIT
Tait, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small nocturnal and arboreal Australian marsupial (Tarsipes
rostratus) about the size of a mouse. It has a long muzzle, a long
tongue, and very few teeth, and feeds upon honey and insects. Called
also noolbenger.

TAJACU; TAJASSU
Ta*jaç"u, Ta*jas"su, n. Etym: [Pg. tajaç\'a3, from Braz. tayaç\'a3 a
hog or swine.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common, or collared, peccary.

TAJ MAHAL
Taj Ma*hal" (täj ma*häl"). [Corruption of Per. Mumtaz-i-Mahsal, lit.,
the distinguished one of the palace, fr. Ar.]

Defn: A marble mausoleum built at Agra, India, by the Mogul Emperor
Shah Jahan, in memory of his favorite wife. In beauty of design and
rich decorative detail it is one of the best examples of Saracenic
architecture.

TAKE
Take, obs. p. p. of Take.

Defn: Taken. Chaucer.

TAKE
Take, v. t. [imp. Took; p. p. Takend; p. pr. & vb. n. Taking.] Etym:
[Icel. taka; akin to Sw. taga, Dan. tage, Goth. tekan to touch; of
uncertain origin.]

1. In an active sense; To lay hold of; to seize with the hands, or
otherwise; to grasp; to get into one's hold or possession; to
procure; to seize and carry away; to convey. Hence, specifically: --
(a) To obtain possession of by force or artifice; to get the custody
or control of; to reduce into subjection to one's power or will; to
capture; to seize; to make prisoner; as, to take am army, a city, or
a ship; also, to come upon or befall; to fasten on; to attack; to
seize; -- said of a disease, misfortune, or the like.
This man was taken of the Jews. Acts xxiii. 27.
Men in their loose, unguarded hours they take; Not that themselves
are wise, but others weak. Pope.
They that come abroad after these showers are commonly taken with
sickness. Bacon.
There he blasts the tree and takes the cattle And makes milch kine
yield blood. Shak.

(b) To gain or secure the interest or affection of; to captivate; to
engage; to interest; to charm.
Neither let her take thee with her eyelids. Prov. vi. 25.
Cleombroutus was so taken with this prospect, that he had no
patience. Wake.
I know not why, but there was a something in those half-seen
features, -- a charm in the very shadow that hung over their imagined
beauty, -- which took me more than all the outshining loveliness of
her companions. Moore.

(c) To make selection of; to choose; also, to turn to; to have
recourse to; as, to take the road to the right.
Saul said, Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son. And Jonathan was
taken. 1 Sam. xiv. 42.
The violence of storming is the course which God is forced to take
for the destroying . . . of sinners. Hammond.

(d) To employ; to use; to occupy; hence, to demand; to require; as,
it takes so much cloth to make a coat.
This man always takes time . . . before he passes his judgments. I.
Watts.

(e) To form a likeness of; to copy; to delineate; to picture; as, to
take picture of a person.
Beauty alone could beauty take so right. Dryden.

(f) To draw; to deduce; to derive. [R.]
The firm belief of a future judgment is the most forcible motive to a
good life, because taken from this consideration of the most lasting
happiness and misery. Tillotson.

(g) To assume; to adopt; to acquire, as shape; to permit to one's
self; to indulge or engage in; to yield to; to have or feel; to enjoy
or experience, as rest, revenge, delight, shame; to form and adopt,
as a resolution; -- used in general senses, limited by a following
complement, in many idiomatic phrases; as, to take a resolution; I
take the liberty to say.
(h) To lead; to conduct; as, to take a child to church.
(i) To carry; to convey; to deliver to another; to hand over; as, he
took the book to the bindery.
He took me certain gold, I wot it well. Chaucer.

(k) To remove; to withdraw; to deduct; -- with from; as, to take the
breath from one; to take two from four.

2. In a somewhat passive sense, to receive; to bear; to endure; to
acknowledge; to accept. Specifically: --
(a) To accept, as something offered; to receive; not to refuse or
reject; to admit.
Ye shall take no satisfaction for the life of a murderer. Num. xxxv.
31.
Let not a widow be taken into the number under threescore. 1 Tim. v.
10.

(b) To receive as something to be eaten or dronk; to partake of; to
swallow; as, to take food or wine.
(c) Not to refuse or balk at; to undertake readily; to clear; as, to
take a hedge or fence.
(d) To bear without ill humor or resentment; to submit to; to
tolerate; to endure; as, to take a joke; he will take an affront from
no man.
(e) To admit, as, something presented to the mind; not to dispute; to
allow; to accept; to receive in thought; to entertain in opinion; to
understand; to interpret; to regard or look upon; to consider; to
suppose; as, to take a thing for granted; this I take to be man's
motive; to take men for spies.
You take me right. Bacon.
Charity, taken in its largest extent, is nothing else but the science
love of God and our neighbor. Wake.
[He] took that for virtue and affection which was nothing but vice in
a disguise. South.
You'd doubt his sex, and take him for a girl. Tate.

(f) To accept the word or offer of; to receive and accept; to bear;
to submit to; to enter into agreement with; -- used in general
senses; as, to take a form or shape.
I take thee at thy word. Rowe.
Yet thy moist clay is pliant to command; . . . Not take the mold.
Dryden.
To be taken aback, To take advantage of, To take air, etc. See under
Aback, Advantage, etc.
 -- To take aim, to direct the eye or weapon; to aim.
 -- To take along, to carry, lead, or convey.
 -- To take arms, to commence war or hostilities.
 -- To take away, to carry off; to remove; to cause deprivation of;
to do away with; as, a bill for taking away the votes of bishops. "By
your own law, I take your life away." Dryden.
 -- To take breath, to stop, as from labor, in order to breathe or
rest; to recruit or refresh one's self.
 -- To take care, to exercise care or vigilance; to be solicitous.
"Doth God take care for oxen" 1 Cor. ix. 9.
 -- To take care of, to have the charge or care of; to care for; to
superintend or oversee.
 -- To take down. (a) To reduce; to bring down, as from a high, or
higher, place; as, to take down a book; hence, to bring lower; to
depress; to abase or humble; as, to take down pride, or the proud. "I
never attempted to be impudent yet, that I was not taken down."
Goldsmith. (b) To swallow; as, to take down a potion. (c) To pull
down; to pull to pieces; as, to take down a house or a scaffold. (d)
To record; to write down; as, to take down a man's words at the time
he utters them.
 -- To take effect, To take fire. See under Effect, and Fire.
 -- To take ground to the right or to the left (Mil.), to extend the
line to the right or left; to move, as troops, to the right or left.
 -- To take heart, to gain confidence or courage; to be encouraged.
 -- To take heed, to be careful or cautious. "Take heed what doom
against yourself you give." Dryden.
 -- To take heed to, to attend with care, as, take heed to thy ways.
 -- To take hold of, to seize; to fix on.
 -- To take horse, to mount and ride a horse.
 -- To take in. (a) To inclose; to fence. (b) To encompass or
embrace; to comprise; to comprehend. (c) To draw into a smaller
compass; to contract; to brail or furl; as, to take in sail. (d) To
cheat; to circumvent; to gull; to deceive. [Colloq.] (e) To admit; to
receive; as, a leaky vessel will take in water. (f) To win by
conquest. [Obs.]
For now Troy's broad-wayed town He shall take in. Chapman.
(g) To receive into the mind or understanding. "Some bright genius
can take in a long train of propositions." I. Watts. (h) To receive
regularly, as a periodical work or newspaper; to take. [Eng.] -- To
take in hand. See under Hand.
 -- To take in vain, to employ or utter as in an oath. "Thou shalt
not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain." Ex. xx. 7.
 -- To take issue. See under Issue.
 -- To take leave. See Leave, n., 2.
 -- To take a newspaper, magazine, or the like, to receive it
regularly, as on paying the price of subscription.
 -- To take notice, to observe, or to observe with particular
attention.
 -- To take notice of. See under Notice.
 -- To take oath, to swear with solemnity, or in a judicial manner.
 -- To take off. (a) To remove, as from the surface or outside; to
remove from the top of anything; as, to take off a load; to take off
one's hat. (b) To cut off; as, to take off the head, or a limb. (c)
To destroy; as, to take off life. (d) To remove; to invalidate; as,
to take off the force of an argument. (e) To withdraw; to call or
draw away. Locke. (f) To swallow; as, to take off a glass of wine.
(g) To purchase; to take in trade. "The Spaniards having no
commodities that we will take off." Locke. (h) To copy; to reproduce.
"Take off all their models in wood." Addison. (i) To imitate; to
mimic; to personate. (k) To find place for; to dispose of; as, more
scholars than preferments can take off. [R.] Bacon.
 -- To take on, to assume; to take upon one's self; as, to take on a
character or responsibility.
 -- To take one's own course, to act one's pleasure; to pursue the
measures of one's own choice.
 -- To take order for. See under Order.
 -- To take order with, to check; to hinder; to repress. [Obs.]
Bacon.
 -- To take orders. (a) To receive directions or commands. (b)
(Eccl.) To enter some grade of the ministry. See Order, n., 10.
 -- To take out. (a) To remove from within a place; to separate; to
deduct. (b) To draw out; to remove; to clear or cleanse from; as, to
take out a stain or spot from cloth. (c) To produce for one's self;
as, to take out a patent. (d) To put an end to; as, to take the
conceit out of a man. (e) To escort; as, to take out to dinner.
 -- To take over, to undertake; to take the management of. [Eng.]
Cross (Life of G. Eliot).
 -- To take part, to share; as, they take part in our rejoicing.
 -- To take part with, to unite with; to join with.
 -- To take place, root, sides, stock, etc. See under Place, Root,
Side, etc.
 -- To take the air. (a) (Falconry) To seek to escape by trying to
rise higher than the falcon; -- said of a bird. (b) See under Air.
 -- To take the field. (Mil.) See under Field.
 -- To take thought, to be concerned or anxious; to be solicitous.
Matt. vi. 25, 27.
 -- To take to heart. See under Heart.
 -- To take to task, to reprove; to censure.
 -- to take to the air, to take off. To take up. (a) To lift; to
raise. Hood. (b) To buy or borrow; as, to take up goods to a large
amount; to take up money at the bank. (c) To begin; as, to take up a
lamentation. Ezek. xix. 1. (d) To gather together; to bind up; to
fasten or to replace; as, to take up raveled stitches; specifically
(Surg.), to fasten with a ligature. (e) To engross; to employ; to
occupy or fill; as, to take up the time; to take up a great deal of
room. (f) To take permanently. "Arnobius asserts that men of the
finest parts . . . took up their rest in the Christian religion."
Addison. (g) To seize; to catch; to arrest; as, to take up a thief;
to take up vagabonds. (h) To admit; to believe; to receive. [Obs.]
The ancients took up experiments upon credit. Bacon.
(i) To answer by reproof; to reprimand; to berate.
One of his relations took him up roundly. L'Estrange.
(k) To begin where another left off; to keep up in continuous
succession.
Soon as the evening shades prevail, The moon takes up the wondrous
tale. Addison.
(l) To assume; to adopt as one's own; to carry on or manage; as, to
take up the quarrels of our neighbors; to take up current opinions.
"They take up our old trade of conquering." Dryden. (m) To comprise;
to include. "The noble poem of Palemon and Arcite . . . takes up
seven years." Dryden. (n) To receive, accept, or adopt for the
purpose of assisting; to espouse the cause of; to favor. Ps. xxvii.
10. (o) To collect; to exact, as a tax; to levy; as, to take up a
contribution. "Take up commodities upon our bills." Shak. (p) To pay
and receive; as, to take up a note at the bank. (q) (Mach.) To
remove, as by an adjustment of parts; as, to take up lost motion, as
in a bearing; also, to make tight, as by winding, or drawing; as, to
take up slack thread in sewing. (r) To make up; to compose; to
settle; as, to take up a quarrel. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- To take up arms. Same as To take arms, above.
 -- To take upon one's self. (a) To assume; to undertake; as, he
takes upon himself to assert that the fact is capable of proof. (b)
To appropriate to one's self; to allow to be imputed to, or inflicted
upon, one's self; as, to take upon one's self a punishment.
 -- To take up the gauntlet. See under Gauntlet.

TAKE
Take, v. i.

1. To take hold; to fix upon anything; to have the natural or
intended effect; to accomplish a purpose; as, he was inoculated, but
the virus did not take. Shak.
When flame taketh and openeth, it giveth a noise. Bacon.
In impressions from mind to mind, the impression taketh, but is
overcome . . . before it work any manifest effect. Bacon.

2. To please; to gain reception; to succeed.
Each wit may praise it for his own dear sake, And hint he writ it, if
the thing should take. Addison.

3. To move or direct the course; to resort; to betake one's self; to
proceed; to go; -- usually with to; as, the fox, being hard pressed,
took to the hedge.

4. To admit of being pictured, as in a photograph; as, his face does
not take well. To take after. (a) To learn to follow; to copy; to
imitate; as, he takes after a good pattern. (b) To resemble; as, the
son takes after his father.
 -- To take in with, to resort to. [Obs.] Bacon.
 -- To take on, to be violently affected; to express grief or pain in
a violent manner.
 -- To take to. (a) To apply one's self to; to be fond of; to become
attached to; as, to take to evil practices. "If he does but take to
you, . . . you will contract a great friendship with him." Walpole.
(b) To resort to; to betake one's self to. "Men of learning, who take
to business, discharge it generally with greater honesty than men of
the world." Addison.
 -- To take up. (a) To stop. [Obs.] "Sinners at last take up and
settle in a contempt of religion." Tillotson. (b) To reform. [Obs.]
Locke.
 -- To take up with. (a) To be contended to receive; to receive
without opposition; to put up with; as, to take up with plain fare.
"In affairs which may have an extensive influence on our future
happiness, we should not take up with probabilities." I. Watts. (b)
To lodge with; to dwell with. [Obs.] L'Estrange.
 -- To take with, to please. Bacon.

TAKE
Take, n.

1. That which is taken; especially, the quantity of fish captured at
one haul or catch.

2. (Print.)

Defn: The quantity or copy given to a compositor at one time.

TAKE-IN
Take"-in`, n.

Defn: Imposition; fraud. [Colloq.]

TAKEN
Tak"en,

Defn: p. p. of Take.

TAKE-OFF
Take"-off`, n.

Defn: An imitation, especially in the way of caricature.

TAKER
Tak"er, n.

Defn: One who takes or receives; one who catches or apprehended.

TAKE-UP
Take"-up`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: That which takes up or tightens; specifically, a device in a
sewing machine for drawing up the slack thread as the needle rises,
in completing a stitch.

TAKING
Tak"ing, a.

1. Apt to take; alluring; attracting.
Subtile in making his temptations most taking. Fuller.

2. Infectious; contageous. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
 -- Tak"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Tak"ing*ness, n.

TAKING
Tak"ing, n.

1. The act of gaining possession; a seizing; seizure; apprehension.

2. Agitation; excitement; distress of mind. [Colloq.]
What a taking was he in, when your husband asked who was in the
basket! Shak.

3. Malign influence; infection. [Obs.] Shak.

TAKING-OFF
Tak"ing-off`, n.

Defn: Removal; murder. See To take off (c), under Take, v. t.
The deep damnation of his taking-off. Shak.

TALAPOIN
Tal"a*poin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small African monkey (Cercopithecus, or Miopithecus,
talapoin) -- called also melarhine.

TALARIA
Ta*la"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [L., from talaris pertaining to the ankles,
fr. talus ankle.] (Class. Myth.)

Defn: Small wings or winged shoes represented as fastened to the
ankles, -- chiefly used as an attribute of Mercury.

TALBOT
Tal"bot, n.

Defn: A sort of dog, noted for quick scent and eager pursuit of game.
[Obs.] Wase (1654).

Note: The figure of a dog is borne in the arms of the Talbot family,
whence, perhaps, the name.

TALBOTYPE
Tal"bo*type, n. (Photog.)

Defn: Same as Calotype.

TALC
Talc, n. Etym: [F. talc; cf. Sp. & It. talco, LL. talcus; all fr. Ar.
talq.] (Min.)

Defn: A soft mineral of a soapy feel and a greenish, whitish, or
grayish color, usually occurring in foliated masses. It is hydrous
silicate of magnesia. Steatite, or soapstone, is a compact granular
variety. Indurated talc, an impure, slaty talc, with a nearly compact
texture, and greater hardness than common talc; -- called also talc
slate.

TALCOSE; TALCOUS
Tal*cose", Talc"ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. talqueux.] (Min.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to talc; composed of, or resembling, talc.

TALCUM
Tal"cum, n. [NL.] (Min.)

Defn: Same as Talc.

TALE
Tale, n.

Defn: See Tael.

TALE
Tale, n. Etym: [AS. talu number, speech, narrative; akin to D. taal
speech, language, G. zahl number, OHG. zala, Icel. tal, tala, number,
speech, Sw. tal, Dan. tal number, tale speech, Goth. talzjan to
instruct. Cf. Tell, v. t., Toll a tax, also Talk, v. i.]

1. That which is told; an oral relation or recital; any rehearsal of
what has occured; narrative; discourse; statement; history; story.
"The tale of Troy divine." Milton. "In such manner rime is Dante's
tale." Chaucer.
We spend our years as a tale that is told. Ps. xc. 9.

2. A number told or counted off; a reckoning by count; an
enumeration; a count, in distinction from measure or weight; a number
reckoned or stated.
The ignorant, . . . who measure by tale, and not by weight. Hooker.
And every shepherd tells his tale, Under the hawthornn in the dale.
Milton.
In packing, they keep a just tale of the number. Carew.

3. (Law)

Defn: A count or declaration. [Obs.] To tell tale of, to make account
of. [Obs.]
Therefore little tale hath he told Of any dream, so holy was his
heart. Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- Anecdote; story; fable; incident; memoir; relation; account;
legend; narrative.

TALE
Tale, v. i.

Defn: To tell stories. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gower.

TALEBEARER
Tale"bear`er, n.

Defn: One who officiously tells tales; one who impertinently or
maliciously communicates intelligence, scandal, etc., and makes
mischief.
Spies and talebearers, encouraged by her father, did their best to
inflame her resentment. Macaulay.

TALEBEARING
Tale"bear`ing, a.

Defn: Telling tales officiously.

TALEBEARING
Tale"bear`ing, n.

Defn: The act of informing officiously; communication of sectrts,
scandal, etc., maliciously.

TALED
Ta"led, n. (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: A kind of quadrangular piece of cloth put on by the Jews when
repeating prayers in the synagogues. Crabb.

TALEFUL
Tale"ful, a.

Defn: Full of stories. [R.] Thomson.

TALEGALLA
Tal`e*gal"la, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Australian birds which includes the brush turkey.
See Brush turkey.

TALENT
Tal"ent, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. talentum a talent (in sense 1), Gr.
tolerare, tollere, to lift up, sustain, endure. See Thole, v. t.,
Tolerate.]

1. Among the ancient Greeks, a weight and a denomination of money
equal to 60 minæ or 6,000 drachmæ. The Attic talent, as a weight, was
about 57 lbs. avoirdupois; as a denomination of silver money, its
value was £243 15s. sterling, or about $1,180.
Rowing vessel whose burden does not exceed five hundred talents.
Jowett (Thucid.).

2. Among the Hebrews, a weight and denomination of money. For silver
it was equivalent to 3,000 shekels, and in weight was equal to about
93

3. Inclination; will; disposition; desire. [Obs.]
They rather counseled you to your talent than to your profit.
Chaucer.

4. Intellectual ability, natural or acquired; mental endowment or
capacity; skill in accomplishing; a special gift, particularly in
business, art, or the like; faculty; a use of the word probably
originating in the Scripture parable of the talents (Matt. xxv. 14-
30).
He is chiefly to be considered in his three different talents, as a
critic, a satirist, and a writer of odes. Dryden.
His talents, his accomplishments, his graceful manners, made him
generally popular. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Ability; faculty; gift; endowment. See Genius.

TALENTED
Tal"ent*ed, a.

Defn: Furnished with talents; possessing skill or talent; mentally
gifted. Abp. Abbot (1663).

Note: This word has been strongly objected to by Coleridge and some
other critics, but, as it would seem, upon not very good grounds, as
the use of talent or talents to signify mental ability, although at
first merely metaphorical, is now fully established, and talented, as
a formative, is just as analogical and legitimate as gifted, bigoted,
moneyed, landed, lilied, honeyed, and numerous other adjectives
having a participal form, but derived directly from nouns and not
from verbs.

TALES
Ta"les, n. Etym: [L., pl. of talis such (persons).] (Law) (a) pl.

Defn: Persons added to a jury, commonly from those in or about the
courthouse, to make up any deficiency in the number of jurors
regularly summoned, being like, or such as, the latter. Blount.
Blackstone. (b) syntactically sing.

Defn: The writ by which such persons are summoned. Tales book, a book
containing the names of such as are admitted of the tales. Blount.
Craig.
 -- Tales de circumstantibus Etym: [L.], such, or the like, from
those standing about.

TALESMAN
Tales"man, n.; pl. Talesmen (. (Law)

Defn: A person called to make up a deficiency in the number of jurors
when a tales is awarded. Wharton.

TALETELLER
Tale"tell`er, n.

Defn: One who tells tales or stories, especially in a mischievous or
officious manner; a talebearer; a telltale; a tattler.

TALEWISE
Tale"wise`, adv.

Defn: In a way of a tale or story.

TALIACOTIAN
Tal"ia*co`tian, a.

Defn: See Tagliacotian.

TALIATION
Tal`i*a"tion, n.

Defn: Retaliation. [Obs.]
Just heav'n this taliation did decree. Beaumont.

TALION
Ta"li*on, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. talio, perh. fr. talis such. Cf.
Retaliation.]

Defn: Retaliation. [R.] Holinshed.

TALIPES
Tal"i*pes, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. talus an ankle + pes, pedis, a foot;
cf. L. talipedare to be weak in the feet, properly, to walk on the
ankles.] (Surg.)

Defn: The deformity called clubfoot. See Clubfoot.

Note: Several varieties are distinguished; as, Talipes varus, in
which the foot is drawn up and bent inward; T. valgus, in which the
foot is bent outward; T. equinus, in which the sole faces backward
and the patient walks upon the balls of the toes; and T. calcaneus
(called also talus), in which the sole faces forward and the patient
walks upon the heel.

TALIPOT
Tal"i*pot, n. Etym: [Hind. talpat the leaf of the tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A beautiful tropical palm tree (Corypha umbraculifera), a
native of Ceylon and the Malabar coast. It has a trunk sixty or
seventy feet high, bearing a crown of gigantic fan-shaped leaves
which are used as umbrellas and as fans in ceremonial processions,
and, when cut into strips, as a substitute for writing paper.

TALISMAN
Tal"is*man, n.; pl. Talismans. Etym: [Sp., from Ar. tilism, tilsam, a
magical image, pl. tilsaman, fr. Gr.

1. A magical figure cut or engraved under certain superstitious
observances of the configuration of the heavens, to which wonderful
effects are ascribed; the seal, figure, character, or image, of a
heavenly sign, constellation, or planet, engraved on a sympathetic
stone, or on a metal corresponding to the star, in order to receive
its influence.

2. Hence, something that produces extraordinary effects, esp. in
averting or repelling evil; an amulet; a charm; as, a talisman to
avert diseases. Swift.

TALISMANIC; TALISMANICAL
Tal`is*man"ic, Tal`is*man"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. talismanique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a talisman; having the properties of a
talisman, or preservative against evils by occult influence; magical.

TALK
Talk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Talked; p. pr. & vb. n. Talking.] Etym:
[Cf. LG. talk talk, gabble, Prov. G. talken to speak indistinctly; or
OD. tolken to interpret, MHG. tolkan to interpret, to tell, to speak
indistinctly, Dan. tolke to interpret, Sw. tolka, Icel. t to
interpret, t an interpreter, Lith. tulkas an interpreter, tulkanti,
tulkoti, to interpret, Russ. tolkovate to interpret, to talk about;
or perhaps fr. OE. talien to speak (see Tale, v. i. & n.).]

1. To utter words; esp., to converse familiarly; to speak, as in
familiar discourse, when two or more persons interchange thoughts.
I will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you, walk with you, and
so following, but I will not eat with you. Shak.

2. To confer; to reason; to consult.
Let me talk with thee of thy judgments. Jer. xii. 1.

3. To prate; to speak impertinently. [Colloq.] To talk of, to relate;
to tell; to give an account of; as, authors talk of the wonderful
remains of Palmyra. "The natural histories of Switzerland talk much
of the fall of these rocks, and the great damage done." Addison.
 -- To talk to, to advise or exhort, or to reprove gently; as, I will
talk to my son respecting his conduct. [Colloq.]

TALK
Talk, v. t.

1. To speak freely; to use for conversing or communicating; as, to
talk French.

2. To deliver in talking; to speak; to utter; to make a subject of
conversation; as, to talk nonsense; to talk politics.

3. To consume or spend in talking; -- often followed by away; as, to
talk away an evening.

4. To cause to be or become by talking. "They would talk themselves
mad." Shak. To talk over. (a) To talk about; to have conference
respecting; to deliberate upon; to discuss; as, to talk over a matter
or plan. (b) To change the mind or opinion of by talking; to
convince; as, to talk over an opponent.

TALK
Talk, n.

1. The act of talking; especially, familiar converse; mutual
discourse; that which is uttered, especially in familiar
conversation, or the mutual converse of two or more.
In various talk the instructive hours they passed. Pope.
Their talk, when it was not made up of nautical phrases, was too
commonly made up of oaths and curses. Macaulay.

2. Report; rumor; as, to hear talk of war.
I hear a talk up and down of raising our money. Locke.

3. Subject of discourse; as, his achievment is the talk of the town.

Syn.
 -- Conversation; colloquy; discourse; chat; dialogue; conference;
communication. See Conversation.

TALKATIVE
Talk"a*tive, a.

Defn: Given to much talking.

Syn.
 -- Garrulous; loquacious. See Garrulous.
 -- Talk"a*tive*ly, adv.
 -- Talk"a*tive*ness, n.

TALKER
Talk"er, n.

1. One who talks; especially, one who is noted for his power of
conversing readily or agreeably; a conversationist.
There probably were never four talkers more admirable in four
different ways than Johnson, Burke, Beauclerk, and Garrick. Macaulay.

2. A loquacious person, male or female; a prattler; a babbler; also,
a boaster; a braggart; -- used in contempt or reproach. Jer. Taylor.

TALKING
Talk"ing, a.

1. That talks; able to utter words; as, a talking parrot.

2. Given to talk; loquacious.
The hawthorn bush, with seats beneath the shade, For talking age and
whispering lovers made. Goldsmith.

TALL
Tall, a. [Compar. Taller; superl. Tallest.] Etym: [OE. tal seemly,
elegant, docile; of uncertain origin; cf. AS. un-tala, un-tale, bad,
Goth. untals indocile, disobedient, uninstructed, or W. & Corn. tal
high, Ir. talla meet, fit, proper, just.]

1. High in stature; having a considerable, or an unusual, extension
upward; long and comparatively slender; having the diameter or
lateral extent small in proportion to the height; as, a tall person,
tree, or mast.
Two of far nobler shape, erect and tall. Milton.

2. Brave; bold; courageous. [Obs.]
As tall a trencherman As e'er demolished a pye fortification.
Massinger.
His companions, being almost in despair of victory, were suddenly
recomforted by Sir William Stanley, which came to succors with three
thousand tall men. Grafton.

3. Fine; splendid; excellent; also, extravagant; excessive. [Obs. or
Slang] B. Jonson.

Syn.
 -- High; lofty.
 -- Tall, High, Lofty. High is the generic term, and is applied to
anything which is elevated or raised above another thing. Tall
specifically describes that which has a small diameter in proportion
to its height; hence, we speak of a tall man, a tall steeple, a tall
mast, etc., but not of a tall hill. Lofty has a special reference to
the expanse above us, and denotes an imposing height; as, a lofty
mountain; a lofty room. Tall is now properly applied only to physical
objects; high and lofty have a moral acceptation; as, high thought,
purpose, etc.; lofty aspirations; a lofty genius. Lofty is the
stronger word, and is usually coupled with the grand or admirable.

TALLAGE; TALLIAGE
Tal"lage, Tal"li*age, n. Etym: [F. taillage. See Taille, and cf.
Tailage.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A certain rate or tax paid by barons, knights, and inferior
tenants, toward the public expenses. [Written also tailage,
taillage.]

Note: When paid out of knight's fees, it was called scutage; when by
cities and burghs, tallage; when upon lands not held by military
tenure, hidage. Blackstone.

TALLAGE
Tal"lage, v. t.

Defn: To lay an impost upon; to cause to pay tallage.

TALLBOY
Tall"boy`, n.

1. A kind of long-stemmed wineglass or cup.

2.  A piece of household furniture common in the eighteenth century,
usually in two separate parts, with larger drawers above and smaller
ones below and raised on legs fifteen inches or more in height; --
called also highboy.

3.  A long sheet-metal pipe for a chimney top.

TALLIER
Tal"li*er, n.

Defn: One who keeps tally.

TALLIS
Tal"lis, n.

Defn: Same as Tallith.

TALLITH
Tal"lith, n. [NHeb. tallith.] (Jewish Costume)
 (a) An undergarment worn by orthodox Jews, covering the chest and
the upper part of the back. It has an opening for the head, and has
tassels, called zizith, on its four corners.
 (b) A tasseled shawl or scarf worn over the head or thrown round the
shoulders while at prayer.

TALLNESS
Tall"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tall; height of stature.

TALLOW
Tal"low, n. Etym: [OE. taluh, talugh; akin to OD. talgh, D. talk, G.,
Dan. and Sw. talg, Icel. tolgr, tolg, tolk; and perhaps to Goth.
tulgus firm.]

1. The suet or fat of animals of the sheep and ox kinds, separated
from membranous and fibrous matter by melting.

Note: The solid consistency of tallow is due to the large amount of
stearin it contains. See Fat.

2. The fat of some other animals, or the fat obtained from certain
plants, or from other sources, resembling the fat of animals of the
sheep and ox kinds. Tallow candle, a candle made of tallow.
 -- Tallow catch, a keech. See Keech. [Obs.] -- Tallow chandler, one
whose occupation is to make, or to sell, tallow candles.
 -- Tallow chandlery, the trade of a tallow chandler; also, the place
where his business is carried on.
 -- Tallow tree (Bot.), a tree (Stillingia sebifera) growing in
China, the seeds of which are covered with a substance which
resembles tallow and is applied to the same purposes.

TALLOW
Tal"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tallowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tallowing.]

1. To grease or smear with tallow.

2. To cause to have a large quantity of tallow; to fatten; as, tallow
sheep.

TALLOWER
Tal"low*er, n.

Defn: An animal which produces tallow.

TALLOW-FACE
Tal"low-face`, n.

Defn: One who has a sickly, pale complexion. Shak.

TALLOW-FACED
Tal"low-faced`, a.

Defn: Having a sickly complexion; pale. Burton.

TALLOWING
Tal"low*ing, n.

Defn: The act, or art, of causing animals to produce tallow; also,
the property in animals of producing tallow.

TALLOWISH
Tal"low*ish, a.

Defn: Having the qualities of tallow.

TALLOWY
Tal"low*y, a.

Defn: Of the nature of tallow; resembling tallow; greasy.

TALLWOOD
Tall"wood`, n. Etym: [Cf. Tally.]

Defn: Firewood cut into billets of a certain length. [Obs.] [Eng.]

TALLY
Tal"ly, n.; pl. Tallies. Etym: [OE. taile, taille, F. taille a
cutting, cut tally, fr. tailler to cut, but influenced probably by
taillé, p.p. of tailler. See Tailor, and cf. Tail a limitation,
Taille, Tallage.]

1. Originally, a piece of wood on which notches or scores were cut,
as the marks of number; later, one of two books, sheets of paper,
etc., on which corresponding accounts were kept.

Note: In purshasing and selling, it was once customary for traders to
have two sticks, or one stick cleft into two parts, and to mark with
a score or notch, on each, the number or quantity of goods delivered,
-- the seller keeping one stick, and the purchaser the other. Before
the use of writing, this, or something like it, was the only method
of keeping accounts; and tallies were received as evidence in courts
of justice. In the English exchequer were tallies of loans, one part
being kept in the exchequer, the other being given to the creditor in
lieu of an obligation for money lent to government.

2. Hence, any account or score kept by notches or marks, whether on
wood or paper, or in a book; especially, one kept in duplicate.

3. One thing made to suit another; a match; a mate.
They were framed the tallies for each other. Dryden.

4. A notch, mark, or score made on or in a tally; as, to make or earn
a tally in a game.

5. A tally shop. See Tally shop, below. Tally shop, a shop at which
goods or articles are sold to customers on account, the account being
kept in corresponding books, one called the tally, kept by the buyer,
the other the counter tally, kept by the seller, and the payments
being made weekly or otherwise by agreement. The trade thus regulated
is called tally trade. Eng. Encyc.
 -- To strike tallies, to act in correspondence, or alike. [Obs.]
Fuller.

TALLY
Tal"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tallied; p. pr. & vb. n. Tallying.] Etym:
[Cf. F. tialler to cut. See Tally, n.]

1. To score with correspondent notches; hence, to make to correspond;
to cause to fit or suit.
They are not so well tallied to the present juncture. Pope.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To check off, as parcels of freight going inboard or outboard.
W. C. Russell. Tally on (Naut.), to dovetail together.

TALLY
Tal"ly, v. i.

1. To be fitted; to suit; to correspond; to match.
I found pieces of tiles that exactly tallied with the channel.
Addison.
Your idea . . . tallies exactly with mine. Walpole.

2. To make a tally; to score; as, to tally in a game. Tally on
(Naut.), to man a rope for hauling, the men standing in a line or
tail.

TALLY
Tal"ly, adv. Etym: [See Tall, a.]

Defn: Stoutly; with spirit. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

TALLYHO
Tal"ly*ho`, interj. & n.

1. The huntsman's cry to incite or urge on his hounds.

2. A tallyho coach. Tallyho coach, a pleasure coach. See under Coach.

TALLYMAN
Tal"ly*man, n.; pl. Tallymen (.

1. One who keeps the tally, or marks the sticks.

2. One who keeps a tally shop, or conducts his business as tally
trade.

TALMA
Tal"ma, n.; pl. Talmas. Etym: [Prob. so called from Talma, a French
actor.]
(a) A kind of large cape, or short, full cloak, forming part of the
dress of ladies.
(b) A similar garment worn formerly by gentlemen.

TALMUD
Tal"mud, n. Etym: [Chald. talmud instruction, doctrine, fr. lamad to
learn, limmad to teach.]

Defn: The body of the Jewish civil and canonical law not comprised in
the Pentateuch.

Note: The Talmud consists of two parts, the Mishna, or text, and the
Gemara, or commentary. Sometimes, however, the name Talmud is
restricted, especially by Jewish writers, to the Gemara. There are
two Talmuds, the Palestinian, commonly, but incorrectly, called the
Talmud of Jerusalem, and the Babylonian Talmud. They contain the same
Mishna, but different Gemaras. The Babylonian Talmud is about three
times as large as the other, and is more highly esteemed by the Jews.

TALMUDIC; TALMUDICAL
Tal*mud"ic, Tal*mud"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. talmudique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Talmud; contained in the Talmud; as,
Talmudic Greek; Talmudical phrases. Lightfoot.

TALMUDISM
Tal"mud*ism, n. , n.

Defn: The teachings of the Talmud, or adherence to them.

TALMUDIST
Tal"mud*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. talmudiste.]

Defn: One versed in the Talmud; one who adheres to the teachings of
the Talmud.

TALMUDISTIC
Tal`mud*is"tic, a.

Defn: Resembling the Talmud; Talmudic.

TALON
Tal"on, n. Etym: [F., heel, spur, LL. talo, fr. L. talus the ankle,
heel.]

1. The claw of a predaceous bird or animal, especially the claw of a
bird of prey. Bacon.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of certain small prominences on the hind part of the face
of an elephant's tooth.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A kind of molding, concave at the bottom and convex at the top;
-- usually called an ogee.

Note: When the concave part is at the top, it is called an inverted
talon.

4. The shoulder of the bolt of a lock on which the key acts to shoot
the bolt. Knight.

TALOOK; TALUK
Ta*look", Ta*luk", n. Etym: [Ar. ta'lluq.]

Defn: A large estate; esp., one constituting a revenue district or
dependency the native proprietor of which is responsible for the
collection and payment of the public revenue due from it. [India]

TALOOKDAR; TALUKDAR
Ta*look"dar, Ta*luk"dar, n. Etym: [Hind., fr. Per. ta'lluqdar.]

Defn: A proprietor of a talook. [India]

TALPA
Tal"pa, n. Etym: [L., mole.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small insectivores including the common European
mole.

TALUS
Ta"lus, n.; pl. Tali. Etym: [L., the ankle, the ankle bone.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The astragalus.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: A variety of clubfoot (Talipes calcaneus). See the Note under
Talipes.

TALUS
Ta"lus, n. Etym: [F.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A slope; the inclination of the face of a work.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: A sloping heap of fragments of rock lying at the foot of a
precipice.

TAMABILITY
Tam`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tamable; tamableness.

TAMABLE
Tam"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being tamed, subdued, or reclaimed from wildness or
savage ferociousness.
 -- Tam"a*ble*ness, n.

TAMALE
Ta*ma"le, n. [Written also tamal, tomale.] [Amer. Sp. tamal, of Mex.
origin.]

Defn: A Mexican dish made of crushed maize mixed with minced meat,
seasoned with red pepper, dipped in oil, and steamed.

TAMANDU
Ta*man"du, n. Etym: [Sp., from the native name: cf. F. tamandua.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A small ant-eater (Tamandua tetradactyla) native of the
tropical parts of South America.

Note: It has five toes on the fore feet, an elongated snout, small
ears, and short woolly hair. Its tail is stout and hairy at the base,
tapering, and covered with minute scales, and is somewhat prehensile
at the end. Called also tamandua, little ant-bear, fourmilier, and
cagouare. The collared, or striped, tamandu (Tamandua bivittata) is
considered a distinct species by some writers, but by others is
regarded as only a variety.

TAMANOIR
Ta`ma*noir", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ant-bear.

TAMARACK
Tam"a*rack, n. (Bot.)
(a) The American larch; also, the larch of Oregon and British
Columbia (Larix occidentalis). See Hackmatack, and Larch.
(b) The black pine (Pinus Murrayana) of Alaska, California, etc. It
is a small tree with fine-grained wood.

TAMARIC
Tam"a*ric, n. Etym: [L. tamarice. See Tamarisk.]

Defn: A shrub or tree supposed to be the tamarisk, or perhaps some
kind of heath. [Obs.]
He shall be like tamaric in the desert, and he shall not see when
good shall come. Jer. xvii. 6 (Douay version).

TAMARIN
Tam"a*rin, n. Etym: [From the native name in Cayenne.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small squirrel-like South
American monkeys of the genus Midas, especially M. ursulus.

TAMARIND
Tam"a*rind, n. Etym: [It. tamarindo, or Sp. tamarindo, or Pg.
tamarindo, tamarinho, from Ar. tamarhindi, literally, Indian date;
tamar a dried date + Hind India: cf. F. tamarin. Cf. Hindoo.] (Bot.)

1. A leguminous tree (Tamarindus Indica) cultivated both the Indies,
and the other tropical countries, for the sake of its shade, and for
its fruit. The trunk of the tree is lofty and large, with wide-
spreading branches; the flowers are in racemes at the ends of the
branches. The leaves are small and finely pinnated.

2. One of the preserved seed pods of the tamarind, which contain an
acid pulp, and are used medicinally and for preparing a pleasant
drink. Tamarind fish, a preparation of a variety of East Indian fish
with the acid pulp of the tamarind fruit.
 -- Velvet tamarind. (a) A West African leguminous tree (Codarium
acutifolium). (b) One of the small black velvety pods, which are used
for food in Sierra Leone.
 -- Wild tamarind (Bot.), a name given to certain trees somewhat
resembling the tamarind, as the Lysiloma latisiliqua of Southern
Florida, and the Pithecolobium filicifolium of the West Indies.

TAMARISK
Tam"a*risk, n. Etym: [L. tamariscus, also tamarix, tamarice, Skr.
tamala, tamalaka, a tree with a very dark bark; cf. tamas darkness:
cf. F. tamarisc, tamarix, tamaris.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any shrub or tree of the genus Tamarix, the species of which
are European and Asiatic. They have minute scalelike leaves, and
small flowers in spikes. An Arabian species (T. mannifera) is the
source of one kind of manna. Tamarisk salt tree, an East Indian tree
(Tamarix orientalis) which produces an incrustation of salt.

TAMBAC
Tam"bac, n. (Metal.)

Defn: See Tombac. [Obs.]

TAMBOUR
Tam"bour, n.

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of small flat drum; a tambourine.

2. A small frame, commonly circular, and somewhat resembling a
tambourine, used for stretching, and firmly holding, a portion of
cloth that is to be embroidered; also, the embroidery done upon such
a frame; -- called also, in the latter sense, tambour work.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Drum, n., 2(d).

4. (Fort.)

Defn: A work usually in the form of a redan, to inclose a space
before a door or staircase, or at the gorge of a larger work. It is
arranged like a stockade.

5. (Physiol.)

Defn: A shallow metallic cup or drum, with a thin elastic membrane
supporting a writing lever. Two or more of these are connected by an
India rubber tube, and used to transmit and register the movements of
the pulse or of any pulsating artery.

TAMBOUR
Tam"bour, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tamboured; p. pr. & vb. n. Tambouring.]

Defn: To embroider on a tambour.

TAMBOURIN
Tam`bou`rin", n. Etym: [F. See Tambourine.]

1. A tambourine. [Obs.]

2. (Mus.)

Defn: An old Provençal dance of a lively character, common on the
stage.

TAMBOURINE
Tam`bour*ine", n. Etym: [F. tambourin; cf. It. tamburino. See
Tambour, and cf. Tamborine.]

Defn: A small drum, especially a shallow drum with only one skin,
played on with the hand, and having bells at the sides; a timbrel.

TAMBREET
Tam"breet, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The duck mole.

TAMBURIN
Tam`bu*rin", n.

Defn: See Tambourine. Spenser.

TAME
Tame, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. entamer to cut into, to broach.]

Defn: To broach or enter upon; to taste, as a liquor; to divide; to
distribute; to deal out. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
In the time of famine he is the Joseph of the country, and keeps the
poor from starving. Then he tameth his stacks of corn, which not his
covetousness, but providence, hath reserved for time of need. Fuller.

TAME
Tame, a. [Compar. Tamer; superl. Tamest.] Etym: [AS. tam; akin to D.
tam, G. zahm, OHG. zam, Dan. & Sw. tam, Icel. tamr, L. domare to
tame, Gr. dam to be tame, to tame, and perhaps to E. beteem. *61. Cf.
Adamant, Diamond, Dame, Daunt, Indomitable.]

1. Reduced from a state of native wildness and shyness; accustomed to
man; domesticated; domestic; as, a tame deer, a tame bird.

2. Crushed; subdued; depressed; spiritless.
Tame slaves of the laborious plow. Roscommon.

3. Deficient in spirit or animation; spiritless; dull; flat; insipid;
as, a tame poem; tame scenery.

Syn.
 -- Gentle; mild; meek. See Gentle.

TAME
Tame, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Taming.] Etym: [AS.
tamian, temian, akin to D. tammen, temmen, G. zähmen, OHG. zemmen,
Icel. temja, Goth. gatamjan. See Tame, a.]

1. To reduce from a wild to a domestic state; to make gentle and
familiar; to reclaim; to domesticate; as, to tame a wild beast.
They had not been tamed into submission, but baited into savegeness
and stubbornness. Macaulay.

2. To subdue; to conquer; to repress; as, to tame the pride or
passions of youth.

TAMEABLE
Tame"a*ble, a.

Defn: Tamable. Bp. Wilkins.

TAMELESS
Tame"less, a.

Defn: Incapable of being tamed; wild; untamed; untamable. Bp. Hall.
 -- Tame"less*ness, n.

TAMELY
Tame"ly, adv.

Defn: In a tame manner.

TAMENESS
Tame"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tame.

TAMER
Tam"er, n.

Defn: One who tames or subdues.

TAMIAS
Ta"mi*as, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of ground squirrels, including the chipmunk.

TAMIL
Ta"mil, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Tamils, or to their language. [Written
also Tamul.]

TAMIL
Ta"mil, n. Etym: [Written also Tamul.]

1. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of a Dravidian race of men native of Northern Ceylon and
Southern India.

2. The Tamil language, the most important of the Dravidian languages.
See Dravidian, a.

TAMILIAN
Ta*mil"i*an, a. & n.

Defn: Tamil.

TAMINE; TAMINY
Tam"ine, Tam"i*ny, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tamis a sort of sieve. Cf.
Stamin, Temse.]

Defn: A kind of woolen cloth; tammy.

TAMIS
Tam"is, n. Etym: [F., a kind of sieve.]

1. A sieve, or strainer, made of a kind of woolen cloth.

2. The cloth itself; tammy. Tamis bird (Zoöl.), a Guinea fowl.

TAMKIN
Tam"kin, n.

Defn: A tampion. Johnson (Dict.).

TAMMY
Tam"my, n.; pl. Tammies (.

1. A kind of woolen, or woolen and cotton, cloth, often highly
glazed, -- used for curtains, sieves, strainers, etc.

2. A sieve, or strainer, made of this material; a tamis.

TAMP
Tamp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tamped; p. pr. & vb. n. Tamping.] Etym:
[Cf. F. tamponner to plug or stop. See Tampion.]

1. In blasting, to plug up with clay, earth, dry sand, sod, or other
material, as a hole bored in a rock, in order to prevent the force of
the explosion from being misdirected.

2. To drive in or down by frequent gentle strokes; as, to tamp earth
so as to make a smooth place.

TAMPAN
Tam"pan, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A venomous South African tick. Livingstone.

TAMPEON
Tam"pe*on, n.

Defn: See Tampion. Farrow.

TAMPER
Tamp"er, n.

1. One who tamps; specifically, one who prepares for blasting, by
filling the hole in which the charge is placed.

2. An instrument used in tamping; a tamping iron.

TAMPER
Tam"per, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tampered; p. pr. & vb. n. Tampering.]
Etym: [A corruption of temper.]

1. To meddle; to be busy; to try little experiments; as, to tamper
with a disease.
'T is dangerous tampering with a muse. Roscommon.

2. To meddle so as to alter, injure, or vitiate a thing.

3. To deal unfairly; to practice secretly; to use bribery.
Others tampered For Fleetwood, Desborough, and Lambert. Hudibras.

TAMPERER
Tam"per*er, n.

Defn: One who tampers; one who deals unfairly.

TAMPICO FIBER; TAMPICO FIBRE
Tam*pi"co fi"ber or; Tam*pi"co fi"bre.

Defn: A tough vegetable fiber used as a substitute for bristles in
making brushes. The piassava and the ixtle are both used under this
name.

TAMPING
Tamp"ing, n.

1. The act of one who tamps; specifically, the act of filling up a
hole in a rock, or the branch of a mine, for the purpose of blasting
the rock or exploding the mine.

2. The material used in tamping. See Tamp, v. t., 1. Tamping iron, an
iron rod for beating down the earthy substance in tamping for
blasting.

TAMPION
Tam"pi*on, n. Etym: [F. tampon, tapon, tape, of Dutch or German
origin. See Tap a pipe or plug, and cf. Tamp, Tampop, Tompion.]
[Written also tampeon, and tompion.]

1. A wooden stopper, or plug, as for a cannon or other piece of
ordnance, when not in use.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A plug for upper end of an organ pipe.

TAMPOE
Tam"poe, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The edible fruit of an East Indian tree (Baccaurea Malayana) of
the Spurge family. It somewhat resembles an apple.

TAMPON
Tam"pon, n. Etym: [F. See Tampion.] (Surg.)

Defn: A plug introduced into a natural or artificial cavity of the
body in order to arrest hemorrhage, or for the application of
medicine.

TAMPON
Tam"pon, v. t. (Surg.)

Defn: To plug with a tampon.

TAMPOON
Tam"poon, n. Etym: [See Tampion.]

Defn: The stopper of a barrel; a bung.

TAM-'-SHANTER
Tam`-o'-shan"ter, n. [So named after Tam o'Shanter, a character in
Burns's poem of the same name.]

Defn: A kind of Scotch cap of wool, worsted, or the like, having a
round, flattish top much wider than the band which fits the head, and
usually having a tassel in the center.

TAM-TAM
Tam"-tam`, n. Etym: [Hind.; of imitative origin.] (Mus.)
(a) A kind of drum used in the East Indies and other Oriental
countries; -- called also tom-tom.
(b) A gong. See Gong, n., 1.

TAMUL
Ta"mul, a. & n.

Defn: Tamil.

TAMWORTH
Tam"worth, n. [From Tamworth, Staffordshire, England.]

Defn: One of a long-established English breed of large pigs. They are
red, often spotted with black, with a long snout and erect or
forwardly pointed ears, and are valued as bacon producers.

TAN
Tan, n. Etym: [Chin.]

Defn: See Picul.

TAN
Tan, n. Etym: [F. tan, perhaps fr. Armor. tann an oak, oak bar; or of
Teutonic origin; cf. G. tanne a fir, OHG. tanna a fir, oak, MHG. tan
a forest. Cf. Tawny.]

1. The bark of the oak, and some other trees, bruised and broken by a
mill, for tanning hides; -- so called both before and after it has
been used. Called also tan bark.

2. A yellowish-brown color, like that of tan.

3. A brown color imparted to the skin by exposure to the sun; as,
hands covered with tan. Tan bed (Hort.), a bed made of tan; a bark
bed.
 -- Tan pickle, the liquor used in tanning leather.
 -- Tan spud, a spud used in stripping bark for tan from trees.
 -- Tan stove. See Bark stove, under Bark.
 -- Tan vat, a vat in which hides are steeped in liquor with tan.

TAN
Tan, a.

Defn: Of the color of tan; yellowish-brown. Black and tan. See under
Black, a.

TAN
Tan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tanned; p. pr. & vb. n. Tanning.] Etym: [F.
tanner, LL. tannare. See Tan, n.]

1. To convert (the skin of an animal) into leather, as by usual
process of steeping it in an infusion of oak or some other bark,
whereby it is impregnated with tannin, or tannic acid (which exists
in several species of bark), and is thus rendered firm, durable, and
in some degree impervious to water.

Note: The essential result in tanning is due to the fact that the
tannins form, with gelatins and albuminoids, a series of insoluble
compounds which constitute leather. Similar results may be produced
by the use of other reagents in place of tannin, as alum, and some
acids or chlorides, which are employed in certain processes of
tanning.

2. To make brown; to imbrown, as by exposure to the rays of the sun;
as, to tan the skin.

TAN
Tan, v. i.

Defn: To get or become tanned.

TANA
Ta"na, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Banxring.

TANAGER
Tan"a*ger, n. Etym: [NL. tanagra, probably fr. Brazilian tangara.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of bright-colored singing birds
belonging to Tanagra, Piranga, and allied genera. The scarlet tanager
(Piranga erythromelas) and the summer redbird (Piranga rubra) are
common species of the United States.

TANAGRINE
Tan"a*grine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tanagers.

TANAGROID
Tan"a*groid, a. Etym: [Tanager + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Tanagrine.

TANATE
Ta*na"te, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Asiatic wild dog (Canis procyonoides), native of Japan and
adjacent countries. It has a short, bushy tail. Called also raccoon
dog.

TANDEM
Tan"dem, adv. & a. Etym: [L. tandem at length (of time only),
punningly taken as meaning, lengthwise.]

Defn: One after another; -- said especially of horses harnessed and
driven one before another, instead of abreast.

TANDEM
Tan"dem, n.

Defn: A team of horses harnessed one before the other. "He drove
tandems." Thackeray. Tandem engine, a compound steam engine having
two or more steam cylinders in the same axis, close to one another.
 -- Tandem bicycle or tricycle, one for two persons in which one
rider sits before the other.

TANDEM CART
Tan"dem cart.

Defn: A kind of two-wheeled vehicle with seats back to back, the
front one somewhat elevated.

TANDEM ENGINE
Tandem engine.

Defn: A steam engine having two or more steam cylinders in line, with
a common piston rod.

TANDEM SYSTEM
Tandem system. (Elec.)

Defn: = Cascade system.

TANG
Tang, n. Etym: [Of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. tang seaweed, Sw. tång,
Icel. þang. Cf. Tangle.] (Bot.)

Defn: A coarse blackish seaweed (Fuscus nodosus). Dr. Prior. Tang
sparrow (Zoöl.), the rock pipit. [Prov. Eng.]

TANG
Tang, n. Etym: [Probably fr. OD. tanger sharp, tart, literally,
pinching; akin to E. tongs. *59. See Tong.]

1. A strong or offensive taste; especially, a taste of something
extraneous to the thing itself; as, wine or cider has a tang of the
cask.

2. Fig.: A sharp, specific flavor or tinge. Cf. Tang a twang.
Such proceedings had a strong tang of tyranny. Fuller.
A cant of philosophism, and a tang of party politics. Jeffrey.

3. Etym: [Probably of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. tangi a projecting
point; akin to E. tongs. See Tongs.]

Defn: A projecting part of an object by means of which it is secured
to a handle, or to some other part; anything resembling a tongue in
form or position. Specifically: --
(a) The part of a knife, fork, file, or other small instrument, which
is inserted into the handle.
(b) The projecting part of the breech of a musket barrel, by which
the barrel is secured to the stock.
(c) The part of a sword blade to which the handle is fastened.
(d) The tongue of a buckle. [Prov. Eng.]

TANG
Tang, n. Etym: [Of imitative origin. Cf. Twang. This word has become
confused with tang tatse, flavor.]

Defn: A sharp, twanging sound; an unpleasant tone; a twang.

TANG
Tang, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tanged; p. pr. & vb. n. Tanging.]

Defn: To cause to ring or sound loudly; to ring.
Let thy tongue tang arguments of state. Shak.
To tang bees, to cause a swarm of bees to settle, by beating metal to
make a din.

TANG
Tang, v. i.

Defn: To make a ringing sound; to ring.
Let thy tongue tang arguments of state. Shak.

TANGALUNG
Tan"ga*lung, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian civet (Viverra tangalunga).

TANGELO
Tan"ge*lo (tan"je*lo), n.  [Tangerine + pomelo.]

Defn: A hybrid between the tangerine orange and the grapefruit, or
pomelo; also, the fruit.

TANGENCE
Tan"gence, n.

Defn: Tangency. [R.]

TANGENCY
Tan"gen*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tangent; a contact or touching.

TANGENT
Tan"gent, n. Etym: [L. tangens, -entis, p.pr. of tangere to touch;
akin to Gr. tangente. Cf. Attain, Contaminate, Contingent, Entire,
Tact, Taste, Tax, v. t.] (Geom.)

Defn: A tangent line curve, or surface; specifically, that portion of
the straight line tangent to a curve that is between the point of
tangency and a given line, the given line being, for example, the
axis of abscissas, or a radius of a circle produced. See
Trigonometrical function, under Function. Artificial, or Logarithmic,
tangent, the logarithm of the natural tangent of an arc.
 -- Natural tangent, a decimal expressing the length of the tangent
of an arc, the radius being reckoned unity.
 -- Tangent galvanometer (Elec.), a form of galvanometer having a
circular coil and a short needle, in which the tangent of the angle
of deflection of the needle is proportional to the strength of the
current.
 -- Tangent of an angle, the natural tangent of the arc subtending or
measuring the angle.
 -- Tangent of an arc, a right line, as ta, touching the arc of a
circle at one extremity a, and terminated by a line ct, passing from
the center through the other extremity o.

TANGENT
Tan"gent, a. Etym: [L. tangens, -entis, p.pr.]

Defn: Touching; touching at a single point; specifically (Geom.)

Defn: meeting a curve or surface at a point and having at that point
the same direction as the curve or surface; -- said of a straight
line, curve, or surface; as, a line tangent to a curve; a curve
tangent to a surface; tangent surfaces. Tangent plane (Geom.), a
plane which touches a surface in a point or line.
 -- Tangent scale (Gun.), a kind of breech sight for a cannon.
 -- Tangent screw (Mach.), an endless screw; a worm.

TANGENTAL
Tan*gen"tal, a. (Geom.)

Defn: Tangential.

TANGENTIAL
Tan*gen"tial, a. (Geom.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tangent; in the direction of a tangent.
Tangential force (Mech.), a force which acts on a moving body in the
direction of a tangent to the path of the body, its effect being to
increase or diminish the velocity; -- distinguished from a normal
force, which acts at right angles to the tangent and changes the
direction of the motion without changing the velocity.
 -- Tangential stress. (Engin.) See Shear, n., 3.

TANGENTIALLY
Tan*gen"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In the direction of a tangent.

TANGENT SPOKE
Tangent spoke.

Defn: A tension spoke of a bicycle or similar wheel, secured
tangentially to the hub.

TANGENT WHEEL
Tangent wheel.
 (a) A worm or worm wheel; a tangent screw.
 (b) A wheel with tangent spokes.

TANGERINE
Tan"ger*ine`, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of orange, much like the mandarin, but of deeper color
and higher flavor. It is said to have been produced in America from
the mandarin. [Written also tangierine.]

TANGFISH
Tang"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common harbor seal. [Prov. Eng.]

TANGHINIA
Tan*ghin"i*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: The ordeal tree. See under Ordeal.

TANGIBILITY
Tan`gi*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tanggibilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being tangible.

TANGIBLE
Tan"gi*ble, a. Etym: [L. tangibilis, fr. tangere to touch: cf. F.
tangible. See Tangent.]

1. Perceptible to the touch; tactile; palpable. Bacon.

2. Capable of being possessed or realized; readily apprehensible by
the mind; real; substantial; evident. "A tangible blunder." Byron.
Direct and tangible benefit to ourselves and others. Southey.
-- Tan"gi*ble*ness, n.
 -- Tan"gi*bly, adv.

TANGLE
Tan"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tangled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tangling.]
Etym: [A frequentative fr. tang seaweed; hence, to twist like
seaweed. See Tang seaweed, and cf. Tangle, n.]

1. To unite or knit together confusedly; to interweave or interlock,
as threads, so as to make it difficult to unravel the knot; to
entangle; to ravel.

2. To involve; to insnare; to entrap; as, to be tangled in lies.
"Tangled in amorous nets." Milton.
When my simple weakness strays, Tangled in forbidden ways. Crashaw.

TANGLE
Tan"gle, v. i.

Defn: To be entangled or united confusedly; to get in a tangle.

TANGLE
Tan"gle, n.

1. Etym: [Cf. Icel. þöngull. See Tang seaweed.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any large blackish seaweed, especially the Laminaria
saccharina. See Kelp.
Coral and sea fan and tangle, the blooms and the palms of the ocean.
C. Kingsley.

2. Etym: [From Tangle, v.]

Defn: A knot of threads, or other thing, united confusedly, or so
interwoven as not to be easily disengaged; a snarl; as, hair or yarn
in tangles; a tangle of vines and briers. Used also figuratively.

3. pl.

Defn: An instrument consisting essentiallly of an iron bar to which
are attached swabs, or bundles of frayed rope, or other similar
substances, -- used to capture starfishes, sea urchins, and other
similar creatures living at the bottom of the sea. Blue tangle.
(Bot.)See Dangleberry.
 -- Tangle picker (Zoöl.), the turnstone. [Prov. Eng.]

TANGLEFISH
Tan"gle*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sea adder, or great pipefish of Europe.

TANGLINGLY
Tan"gling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tangling manner.

TANGLY
Tan"gly, a.

1. Entangled; intricate.

2. Covered with tangle, or seaweed.
Prone, helpless, on the tangly beach he lay. Falconer.

TANGO
Tan"go, n.; pl. Tangos (#). [Sp., a certain dance.]
 (a) A difficult dance in two-four time characterized by graceful
posturing, frequent pointing positions, and a great variety of steps,
including the cross step and turning steps. The dance is of Spanish
origin, and is believed to have been in its original form a part of
the fandango.
 (b) Any of various popular forms derived from this.

TANGRAM
Tan"gram, n. Etym: [Cf. Trangram.]

Defn: A Chinese toy made by cutting a square of thin wood, or other
suitable material, into seven pieces, as shown in the cut, these
pieces being capable of combination in various ways, so as to form a
great number of different figures. It is now often used in primary
schools as a means of instruction.

TANGUE
Tangue, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tenrec.

TANGUN
Tan"gun, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A piebald variety of the horse, native of Thibet.

TANGWHAUP
Tang"whaup, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The whimbrel. [Prov. Eng.]

TANIER
Tan"i*er, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An aroid plant (Caladium sagittæfolium), the leaves of which
are boiled and eaten in the West Indies. [Written also tannier.]

TANIST
Tan"ist, n. Etym: [Ir. tanaiste, tanaise, second, the second person
in rank, the presumptive or apparent heir to a prince.]

Defn: In Ireland, a lord or proprietor of a tract of land or of a
castle, elected by a family, under the system of tanistry.
This family [the O'Hanlons] were tanists of a large territory within
the present county of Armagh. M. A. Lower.

TANISTRY
Tan"ist*ry, n. Etym: [See Tanist.]

Defn: In Ireland, a tenure of family lands by which the proprietor
had only a life estate, to which he was admitted by election.

Note: The primitive intention seems to have been that the inheritance
should descend to the oldest or most worthy of the blood and name of
the deceased. This was, in reality, giving it to the strongest; and
the practice often occasioned bloody feuds in families, for which
reason it was abolished under James I.

TANITE
Ta"nite, n.

Defn: A firm composition of emery and a certain kind of cement, used
for making grinding wheels, slabs, etc.

TANK
Tank, n.

Defn: A small Indian dry measure, averaging 240 grains in weight;
also, a Bombay weight of 72 grains, for pearls. Simmonds.

TANK
Tank, n. Etym: [Pg. tanque, L. stangum a pool; or perhaps of East
Indian origin. Cf. Stank, n.]

Defn: A large basin or cistern; an artificial receptacle for liquids.
Tank engine, a locomotive which carries the water and fuel it
requires, thus dispensing with a tender.
 -- Tank iron, plate iron thinner than boiler plate, and thicker than
sheet iron or stovepipe iron.
 -- Tank worm (Zoöl.), a small nematoid worm found in the water tanks
of India, supposed by some to be the young of the Guinea worm.

TANKA
Tan"ka, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A kind of boat used in Canton. It is about 25 feet long and is
often rowed by women. Called also tankia. S. W. Williams.

TANKAGE
Tank"age, n.

1. The act or process of putting or storing in tanks.

2.  Fees charged for storage in tanks.

3.  The capacity or contents of a tank or tanks.

4.  (Agric.) Waste matter from tanks; esp., the dried nitrogenous
residue from tanks in which fat has been rendered, used as a
fertilizer.

TANKARD
Tank"ard, n. Etym: [OF. tanquart; cf. OD. tanckaert; of uncertain
origin.]

Defn: A large drinking vessel, especially one with a cover.
Marius was the first who drank out of a silver tankard, after the
manner of Bacchus. Arbuthnot.

TANKIA
Tan"ki*a, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Tanka.

TANKLING
Tank"ling, n.

Defn: A tinkling. [Obs.]

TANK SHIP; TANK VESSEL
Tank ship, Tank vessel . (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel fitted with tanks for the carrying of oil or other
liquid in bulk.

TANLING
Tan"ling, n.

Defn: One tanned by the sun. [R.]
Hot summer's tanlings and The shrinking slaves of winter. Shak.

TANNABLE
Tan"na*ble, a.

Defn: That may be tanned.

TANNAGE
Tan"nage, n.

Defn: A tanning; the act, operation, or result of tanning. [R.]
They should have got his cheek fresh tannage. R. Browning.

TANNATE
Tan"nate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tannate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of tannic acid.

TANNER
Tan"ner, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to tan hides, or convert them into
leather by the use of tan.

TANNERY
Tan"ner*y, n.; pl. Tanneries. Etym: [Cf. F. tannerie.]

1. A place where the work of tanning is carried on.

2. The art or process of tanning. [R.] Carlyle.

TANNIC
Tan"nic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to tan; derived from, or resembling, tan; as,
tannic acid. Tannic acid. (Chem.) (a) An acid obtained from nutgalls
as a yellow amorphous substance, C14H10O9, having an astringent
taste, and forming with ferric salts a bluish-black compound, which
is the basis of common ink. Called also tannin, and gallotannic acid.
(b) By extension, any one of a series of astringent substances
resembling tannin proper, widely diffused through the vegetable
kingdom, as in oak bark, willow, catechu, tea, coffee, etc.

TANNIER
Tan"ni*er, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Tanier.

TANNIGEN
Tan"ni*gen, n.  [Tannin + -gen.] (Pharm.)

Defn: A compound obtained as a yellowish gray powder by the action of
acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride or ordinary tannic acid. It is
used as an intestinal astringent, and locally in rhinitis and
pharyngitis.

TANNIN
Tan"nin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tannin.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Tannic acid, under Tannic.

TANNING
Tan"ning, n.

Defn: The art or process of converting skins into leather. See Tan,
v. t., 1.

TANREC
Tan"rec, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Tenrec.

TANSY
Tan"sy, n. Etym: [OE. tansaye, F. tanaise; cf. It. & Sp. tanaceto,
NL. tanacetum, Pg. atanasia, athanasia, Gr. 'aqanasi`a immortality,
fr. 'aqa`natos immortal; 'a priv. + qa`natos death.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the composite genus Tanacetum. The common tansy
(T. vulgare) has finely divided leaves, a strong aromatic odor, and a
very bitter taste. It is used for medicinal and culinary purposes.

2. A dish common in the seventeenth century, made of eggs, sugar,
rose water, cream, and the juice of herbs, baked with butter in a
shallow dish. [Obs.] Pepys. Double tansy (Bot.), a variety of the
common tansy with the leaves more dissected than usual.
 -- Tansy mustard (Bot.), a plant (Sisymbrium canescens) of the
Mustard family, with tansylike leaves.

TANT
Tant, n. Etym: [Cf. Taint tincture.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small scarlet arachnid.

TANTALATE
Tan"ta*late, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of tantalic acid.

TANTALIC
Tan*tal"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to tantalum; derived from, or containing,
tantalum; specifically, designating any one of a series of acids
analogous to nitric acid and the polyacid compounds of phosphorus.

TANTALISM
Tan"ta*lism, n. Etym: [See Tantalize.]

Defn: A punishment like that of Tantalus; a teasing or tormenting by
the hope or near approach of good which is not attainable;
tantalization. Addison.
Is not such a provision like tantalism to this people Josiah Quincy.

TANTALITE
Tan"ta*lite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tantalite.] (Min.)

Defn: A heavy mineral of an iron-black color and submetallic luster.
It is essentially a tantalate of iron.

TANTALIZATION
Tan`ta*li*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of tantalizing, or state of being tantalized. Gayton.

TANTALIZE
Tan"ta*lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tantalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Tantalizing.] Etym: [From Tantalus: cf. F. tantaliser.]

Defn: To tease or torment by presenting some good to the view and
exciting desire, but continually frustrating the expectations by
keeping that good out of reach; to tease; to torment.
Thy vain desires, at strife Within themselves, have tantalized thy
life. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To tease; vex; irritate; provoke.
 -- Tantalize, Disappoint. To disappoint is literally to do away with
what was (or was taken to be) appointed; hence the peculiar pain from
hopes thus dashed to the ground. To tantalize, a much stronger term,
describes a most distressing form of disappointment, as in the case
of Tantalus, the Phrygian king. To tantalize is to visit with the
bitterest disappointment -- to torment by exciting hopes or
expectations which can never be realized.

TANTALIZER
Tan"ta*li`zer, n.

Defn: One who tantalizes.

TANTALIZINGLY
Tan"ta*li`zing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tantalizing or teasing manner.

TANTALUM
Tan"ta*lum, n. Etym: [NL. So named on account of the perplexity and
difficulty encounterd by its discoverer (Ekeberg) in isolating it.
See Tantalus.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare nonmetallic element found in certain minerals, as
tantalite, samarskite, and fergusonite, and isolated as a dark powder
which becomes steel-gray by burnishing. Symbol Ta. Atomic weight
182.0. Formerly called also tantalium.

TANTALUS
Tan"ta*lus, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. Ta`ntalos.] (Gr. Myth.)

1. A Phrygian king who was punished in the lower world by being
placed in the midst of a lake whose waters reached to his chin but
receded whenever he attempted to allay his thirst, while over his
head hung branches laden with choice fruit which likewise receded
whenever he stretched out his hand to grasp them.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of wading birds comprising the wood ibises. Tantalus's
cup (Physics), a philosophical toy, consisting of a cup, within which
is the figure of a man, and within the figure a siphon, the longer
arm of which passes down through the bottom of the cup, and allows
the escape of any liquid that may be poured in, when it reaches as
high as the bend of the siphon, which is just below the level of the
mouth of the figure in the cup.

TANTAMOUNT
Tan"ta*mount`, a. Etym: [F. tant so much (L. tantus) + E. amount.]

Defn: Equivalent in value, signification, or effect.
A usage nearly tantamount to constitutional right. Hallam.
The certainty that delay, under these circumstances, was tantamount
to ruin. De Quincey.

TANTAMOUNT
Tan"ta*mount`, v. i.

Defn: To be tantamount or equivalent; to amount. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

TANTIVY
Tan*tiv"y, adv. Etym: [Said to be from the note of a hunting horn.]

Defn: Swiftly; speedily; rapidly; -- a fox-hunting term; as, to ride
tantivy.

TANTIVY
Tan*tiv"y, n.

Defn: A rapid, violent gallop; an impetulous rush. Cleverland.

TANTIVY
Tan*tiv"y, v. i.

Defn: To go away in haste. [Colloq.]

TANTRA
Tan"tra (tan"tra; tun"-), n. [Skr.] (Hinduism)

Defn: A ceremonial treatise related to Puranic and magic literature;
esp., one of the sacred works of the worshipers of Sakti. -- Tan"tric
(-trik), a.

TANTRISM
Tan"trism, n.

Defn: The system of doctrines and  rites taught in the tantras. --
Tan"trist (#), n.

TANTRUM
Tan"trum, n.

Defn: A whim, or burst of ill-humor; an affected air. [Colloq.]
Thackeray.

TANYARD
Tan"yard`, n.

Defn: An inclosure where the tanning of leather is carried on; a
tannery.

TANYSTOMATA
Tan`y*stom"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of dipterous insects in which the proboscis is large
and contains lancelike mandibles and maxillæ. The horseflies and
robber flies are examples.

TAOISM
Ta"o*ism, n.

Defn: One of the popular religions of China, sanctioned by the state.
 -- Ta"o*ist, a. & n.

TAOTAI
Tao`tai", n. [Chin. tao circuit + t'ai, a title of respect.]

Defn: In China, an official at the head of the civil and military
affairs of a circuit, which consists of two or more fu, or
territorial departments; --called also, by foreigners, intendant of
circuit. Foreign consuls and commissioners associated with taotais as
superintendants of trade at the treaty ports are ranked with the
taotai.

TAP
Tap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Tapping.] Etym: [F.
taper to strike; of Teutonic origin; cf. dial. G. tapp, tapps, a
blow, tappe a paw, fist, G. tappen to grope.]

1. To strike with a slight or gentle blow; to touch gently; to rap
lightly; to pat; as, to tap one with the hand or a cane.

2. To put a new sole or heel on; as, to tap shoes.

TAP
Tap, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tape. See Tap to strike.]

1. A gentle or slight blow; a light rap; a pat. Addison.

2. A piece of leather fastened upon the bottom of a boot or shoe in
repairing or renewing the sole or heel.

3. pl. (Mil.)

Defn: A signal, by drum or trumpet, for extinguishing all lights in
soldiers' quarters and retiring to bed, -- usually given about a
quarter of an hour after tattoo. Wilhelm.

TAP
Tap, v. i.

Defn: To strike a gentle blow.

TAP
Tap, n. Etym: [AS. tæppa, akin to D. tap, G. zapfen, OHG. zapfo, Dan.
tap, Sw. tapp, Icel. tappi. Cf. Tampion, Tip.]

1. A hole or pipe through which liquor is drawn.

2. A plug or spile for stopping a hole pierced in a cask, or the
like; a faucet.

3. Liquor drawn through a tap; hence, a certain kind or quality of
liquor; as, a liquor of the same tap. [Colloq.]

4. A place where liquor is drawn for drinking; a taproom; a bar.
[Colloq.]

5. (Mech.)

Defn: A tool for forming an internal screw, as in a nut, consisting
of a hardened steel male screw grooved longitudinally so as to have
cutting edges. On tap. (a) Ready to be drawn; as, ale on tap. (b)
Broached, or furnished with a tap; as, a barrel on tap.
 -- Plug tap (Mech.), a screw-cutting tap with a slightly tapering
end.
 -- Tap bolt, a bolt with a head on one end and a thread on the other
end, to be screwed into some fixed part, instead of passing through
the part and receiving a nut. See Illust. under Bolt.
 -- Tap cinder (Metal.), the slag of a puddling furnace.

TAP
Tap, v. t.

1. To pierce so as to let out, or draw off, a fluid; as, to tap a
cask, a tree, a tumor, etc.

2. Hence, to draw from (anything) in any analogous way; as, to tap
telegraph wires for the purpose of intercepting information; to tap
the treasury.

3. To draw, or cause to flow, by piercing. Shak.
He has been tapping his liquors. Addison.

4. (Mech.)

Defn: To form an internal screw in (anything) by means of a tool
called a tap; as, to tap a nut.

TAPA
Ta"pa, n.

Defn: A kind of cloth prepared by the Polynesians from the inner bark
of the paper mulberry; -- sometimes called also kapa.

TAPADERA; TAPADERO
Tap`a*de"ra, Tap`a*de"ro, n. [Also tapidero.] [Sp. tapadera lid,
cover.]

Defn: One of the leather hoods which cover the stirrups of a Mexican
saddle.

TAPAYAXIN
Ta`pa*yax"in, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Mexican spinous lizard (Phrynosoma orbiculare) having a head
somewhat like that of a toad; -- called also horned toad.

TAPE
Tape, n. Etym: [AS. tæppe a fillet. Cf. Tapestry, Tippet.]

1. A narrow fillet or band of cotton or linen; a narrow woven fabric
used for strings and the like; as, curtains tied with tape.

2. A tapeline; also, a metallic ribbon so marked as to serve as a
tapeline; as, a steel tape. Red tape. See under Red.
 -- Tape grass (Bot.), a plant (Vallisneria spiralis) with long
ribbonlike leaves, growing in fresh or brackish water; -- called also
fresh-water eelgrass, and, in Maryland, wild celery.
 -- Tape needle. See Bodkin, n., 4.

TAPELINE
Tape"line`, n.

Defn: A painted tape, marked with linear dimensions, as inches, feet,
etc., and often inclosed in a case, -- used for measuring.

TAPER
Ta"per, n. Etym: [AS. tapur, tapor, taper; cf. Ir. tapar, W. tampr.]

1. A small wax candle; a small lighted wax candle; hence, a small
light.
Get me a taper in my study, Lucius. Shak.

2. A tapering form; gradual diminution of thickness in an elongated
object; as, the taper of a spire.

TAPER
Ta"per, a. Etym: [Supposed to be from taper, n., in allusion to its
form.]

Defn: Regularly narrowed toward the point; becoming small toward one
end; conical; pyramidical; as, taper fingers.

TAPER
Ta"per, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tapered; p. pr. & vb. n. Tapering.]

Defn: To become gradually smaller toward one end; as, a sugar loaf
tapers toward one end.

TAPER
Ta"per, v. t.

Defn: To make or cause to taper.

TAPERED
Ta"pered, a.

Defn: Lighted with a taper or tapers; as, a tapered choir. [R.] T.
Warton.

TAPERING
Ta"per*ing, a.

Defn: Becoming gradually smaller toward one end.
 -- Ta"per*ing*ly, adv.

TAPERNESS
Ta"per*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being taper; tapering form; taper.
Shenstone.

TAPESTRY
Tap"es*try, n.; pl. Tapestries. Etym: [F. tapissere, fr. tapisser to
carpet, to hang, or cover with tapestry, fr. tapis a carpet,
carpeting, LL. tapecius, fr. L. tapete carpet, tapestry, Gr. Tapis,
Tippet.]

Defn: A fabric, usually of worsted, worked upon a warp of linen or
other thread by hand, the designs being usually more or less
pictorial and the stuff employed for wall hangings and the like. The
term is also applied to different kinds of embroidery. Tapestry
carpet, a kind of carpet, somewhat resembling Brussels, in which the
warp is printed before weaving, so as to produce the figure in the
cloth.
 -- Tapestry moth. (Zoöl.) Same as Carpet moth, under Carpet.

TAPESTRY
Tap"es*try, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tapestried; p. pr. & vb. n.
Tapestrying.]

Defn: To adorn with tapestry, or as with tapestry.
The Trosachs wound, as now, between gigantic walls of rock tapestried
with broom and wild roses. Macaulay.

TAPESTRY BEETLE
Tap"es*try bee"tle.

Defn: A small black dermestoid beetle (Attagenus piceus) whose larva
feeds on tapestry, carpets, silk, fur, flour, and various other
goods.

TAPET
Tap"et, n. Etym: [L. tapete. See Tapestry.]

Defn: Worked or figured stuff; tapestry. [R.] Spenser.

TAPETI
Tap"e*ti, n.; pl. Tapetis. Etym: [Braz.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American hare (Lepus Braziliensis).

TAPETUM
Ta*pe"tum, n. Etym: [NL., from L. tapete a carpet, a tapestry.]
(Anat.)

Defn: An area in the pigmented layer of the choroid coat of the eye
in many animals, which has an iridescent or metallic luster and helps
to make the eye visible in the dark. Sometimes applied to the whole
layer of pigmented epithelium of the choroid.

TAPEWORM
Tape"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of cestode worms belonging to Tænia
and many allied genera. The body is long, flat, and composed of
numerous segments or proglottids varying in shape, those toward the
end of the body being much larger and longer than the anterior ones,
and containing the fully developed sexual organs. The head is small,
destitute of a mouth, but furnished with two or more suckers (which
vary greatly in shape in different genera), and sometimes, also, with
hooks for adhesion to the walls of the intestines of the animals in
which they are parasitic. The larvæ (see Cysticercus) live in the
flesh of various creatures, and when swallowed by another animal of
the right species develop into the mature tapeworm in its intestine.
See Illustration in Appendix.

Note: Three species are common parasites of man: the pork tapeworm
(Tænia solium), the larva of which is found in pork; the beef
tapeworm (T. mediocanellata), the larva of which lives in the flesh
of young cattle; and the broad tapeworm (Bothriocephalus latus) which
is found chiefly in the inhabitants of the mountainous regions of
Europe and Asia. See also Echinococcus, Cysticercus, Proglottis, and
2d Measles, 4.

TAPHOUSE
Tap"house`, n.

Defn: A house where liquors are retailed.

TAPHRENCHYMA
Taph*ren"chy*ma, n. Etym: [Gr. enchyma, as in parenchyma.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Bothrenchyma.

TAPINAGE
Tap"i*nage, n. Etym: [See Tapish.]

Defn: A lurking or skulking. [Obs.] Gower.

TAPIOCA
Tap`i*o"ca, n. Etym: [Braz. tapioka: cf. Pg., Sp. & F. tapioca.]

Defn: A coarsely granular substance obtained by heating, and thus
partly changing, the moistened starch obtained from the roots of the
cassava. It is much used in puddings and as a thickening for soups.
See Cassava.

TAPIR
Ta"pir, n. Etym: [Braz. tapy'ra: cf. F. tapir.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large odd-toed ungulates
belonging to Tapirus, Elasmognathus, and allied genera. They have a
long prehensile upper lip, short ears, short and stout legs, a short,
thick tail, and short, close hair. They have three toes on the hind
feet, and four toes on the fore feet, but the outermost toe is of
little use.

Note: The best-known species are the Indian tapir (Tapirus Indicus),
native of the East Indies and Malacca, which is black with a broad
band of white around the middle, and the common American tapir (T.
Americanus), which, when adult, is dull brown. Several others species
inhabit the Andes and Central America. Tapir tiger (Zoöl.), the
wallah.

TAPIROID
Ta"pir*oid, a. Etym: [Tapir + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Allied to the tapir, or the Tapir family.

TAPIS
Ta"pis, n. Etym: [F. See Tapestry.]

Defn: Tapestry; formerly, the cover of a council table. On, or Upon,
the tapis, on the table, or under consideration; as, to lay a motion
in Parliament on the tapis.

TAPIS
Tap"is, v. t.

Defn: To cover or work with figures like tapestry. [R.] Holland.

TAPISER
Tap"is*er, n. Etym: [F. tapissier.]

Defn: A maker of tapestry; an upholsterer. [R.] Chaucer.

TAPISH
Tap"ish, v. i. Etym: [F. se tapir to squat.]

Defn: To lie close to the ground, so as to be concealed; to squat; to
crouch; hence, to hide one's self. [Written also tappis, tappish,
tappice.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
As a hound that, having roused a hart, Although he tappish ne'er so
soft. Chapman.

TAPLASH
Tap"lash`, n.

Defn: Bad small beer; also, the refuse or dregs of liquor. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]
The taplash of strong ale and wine. Taylor (1630).

TAPLINGS
Tap"lings, n. pl.

Defn: The strong double leathers by which the two parts of a flail
are united. Halliwell.

TAPOA TAFA
Ta*po"a ta"fa. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small carnivorous marsupial (Phascogale penicillata) having
long, soft fur, and a very long tail with a tuft of long hairs at the
end; -- called also brush-tailed phascogale.

TAPPEN
Tap"pen, n.

Defn: An obstruction, or indigestible mass, found in the intestine of
bears and other animals during hibernation.

TAPPER
Tap"per, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lesser spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopus minor); -- called
also tapperer, tabberer, little wood pie, barred woodpecker, wood
tapper, hickwall, and pump borer. [Prov. Eng.]

TAPPESTER
Tap"pes*ter, n. Etym: [See Tapster.]

Defn: A female tapster. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TAPPET
Tap"pet, n. (Mach.)

Defn: A lever or projection moved by some other piece, as a cam, or
intended to tap or touch something else, with a view to produce
change or regulate motion. G. Francis. Tappet motion, a valve motion
worked by tappets from a reciprocating part, without an eccentric or
cam, -- used in steam pumps, etc.

TAPPET ROD
Tap"pet rod. (Mech.)

Defn: A rod carrying a tappet or tappets, as one for closing the
valves in a Cornish pumping engine.

TAPPICE; TAPPIS
Tap"pice, Tap"pis, v. i.

Defn: See Tapish.

TAPPIT HEN
Tap"pit hen`.

1. A hen having a tuft of feathers on her head. [Scot.] Jamieson.

2. A measuring pot holding one quart (according to some, three
quarts); -- so called from a knob on the lid, though to resemble a
crested hen. [Scot.] Jamieson.

TAPPOON
Tap*poon", n. [Sp. tampón a stopper.] (Irrigation)

Defn: A piece of wood or sheet metal fitted into a ditch to dam up
the water so as to overflow a field. [U. S.]

TAPROOM
Tap"room`, n.

Defn: A room where liquors are kept on tap; a barroom.
The ambassador was put one night into a miserable taproom, full of
soldiers smoking. Macaulay.

TAPROOT
Tap"root`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The root of a plant which penetrates the earth directly
downward to a considerable depth without dividing.

TAPSTER
Tap"ster, n. Etym: [AS. tæppestre a female tapster. See Tap a plug,
pipe, and -ster.]

Defn: One whose business is to tap or draw ale or other liquor.

TAQUA-NUT
Ta"qua-nut`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A Central American name for the ivory nut.

TAR
Tar, n. Etym: [Abbrev. from tarpaulin.]

Defn: A sailor; a seaman. [Colloq.] Swift.

TAR
Tar, n. Etym: [OE. terre, tarre, AS. teru, teoru; akin to D. teer, G.
teer, theer, Icel. tjara, Sw. tjära, Dan. tiære, and to E. tree. *63.
See Tree.]

Defn: A thick, black, viscous liquid obtained by the distillation of
wood, coal, etc., and having a varied composition according to the
temperature and material employed in obtaining it. Coal tar. See in
the Vocabulary.
 -- Mineral tar (Min.), a kind of soft native bitumen.
 -- Tar board, a strong quality of millboard made from junk and old
tarred rope. Knight.
 -- Tar water. (a) A cold infusion of tar in water, used as a
medicine. (b) The ammoniacal water of gas works.
 -- Wood tar, tar obtained from wood. It is usually obtained by the
distillation of the wood of the pine, spruce, or fir, and is used in
varnishes, cements, and to render ropes, oakum, etc., impervious to
water.

TAR
Tar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tarred; p. pr. & vb. n. Tarring.]

Defn: To smear with tar, or as with tar; as, to tar ropes; to tar
cloth. To tar and feather a person. See under Feather, v. t.

TARANIS
Tar"a*nis, n. Etym: [L. taranis, from the Celtic; cf. W. & Corn.
taran thunder.] (Myth.)

Defn: A Celtic divinity, regarded as the evil principle, but
confounded by the Romans with Jupiter.

TARANTASS
Tar`an*tass", n. Etym: [Russ. tarantas'.]

Defn: A low four-wheeled carriage used in Russia. The carriage box
rests on two long, springy poles which run from the fore to the hind
axletree. When snow falls, the wheels are taken off, and the body is
mounted on a sledge.

TARANTELLA
Tar`an*tel"la, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)
(a) A rapid and delirious sort of Neapolitan dance in 6-8 time, which
moves in whirling triplets; -- so called from a popular notion of its
being a remedy against the poisonous bite of the tarantula. Some
derive its name from Taranto in Apulia.
(b) Music suited to such a dance.

TARANTISM
Tar"ant*ism, n. Etym: [It. tarantismo: cf. F. tarentisme. See
Tarantula.] (Med.)

Defn: A nervous affection producing melancholy, stupor, and an
uncontrollable desire to dance. It was supposed to be produced by the
bite of the tarantula, and considered to be incapable of cure except
by protraced dancing to appropriate music. [Written also tarentism.]

TARANTULA
Ta*ran"tu*la, n.; pl. E. Tarantulas, L. Tarantulæ. Etym: [NL., fr.
It. tarantola, fr. L. Tarentum, now Taranto, in the south of Italy.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large spiders, popularly supposed
to be very venomous, especially the European species (Tarantula
apuliæ). The tarantulas of Texas and adjacent countries are large
species of Mygale. [Written also tarentula.] Tarantula killer, a very
large wasp (Pompilus formosus), which captures the Texan tarantula
(Mygale Hentzii) and places it in its nest as food for its young,
after paralyzing it by a sting.

TARANTULATED
Ta*ran"tu*la`ted, a.

Defn: Bitten by a tarantula; affected with tarantism.

TARBOGAN
Tar*bog"an, n. & v.

Defn: See Toboggan.

TARBOOSH
Tar*boosh", n. Etym: [Ar. tarb; perhaps from Per. sar-posh headdress:
cf. F. tarbouch.]

Defn: A red cap worn by Turks and other Eastern nations, sometimes
alone and sometimes swathed with linen or other stuff to make a
turban. See Fez.

TARDATION
Tar*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. tardatio, fr. tardare, tardatum, to retard,
delay, fr. tardus slow.]

Defn: The act of retarding, or delaying; retardation. [Obs.]

TARDIGRADA
Tar`di*gra"da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Tardigrade, a.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of edentates comprising the sloths. They are noted for
the slowness of their movements when on the ground. See Sloth, 3.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of minute aquatic arachnids; -- called also bear
animalcules, sloth animalcules, and water bears.

TARDIGRADE
Tar"di*grade, a. Etym: [L. tardigradus; tardus slow + gradi to step:
cf. F. tardigrade.]

1. Moving or stepping slowly; slow-paced. [R.] G. Eliot.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Tardigrada.

TARDIGRADE
Tar"di*grade, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Tardigrada.

TARDIGRADOUS
Tar"di*gra`dous, a.

Defn: Moving slowly; slow-paced. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

TARDILY
Tar"di*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tardy manner; slowly.

TARDINESS
Tar"di*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tardy.

TARDITATION
Tar`di*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Tardiness. [Obs.]
To instruct them to avoid all snares of tarditation, in the Lord's
affairs. Herrick.

TARDITY
Tar"di*ty, n. Etym: [L. tarditas.]

Defn: Slowness; tardiness. [R.] Sir K. Digby.

TARDO
Tar"do, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Slow; -- a direction to perform a passage slowly.

TARDO
Tar"do, n. Etym: [Sp., slow, L. tardus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sloth.

TARDY
Tar"dy, a. [Compar. Tardier; superl. Tardiest.] Etym: [F. tardif, fr.
(assumed) LL. tardivus, fr. L. tardus slow.]

1. Moving with a slow pace or motion; slow; not swift.
And check the tardy flight of time. Sandys.
Tardy to vengeance, and with mercy brave. Prior.

2. Not being inseason; late; dilatory; -- opposed to prompt; as, to
be tardy in one's payments. Arbuthnot.
The tardy plants in our cold orchards placed. Waller.

3. Unwary; unready. [Obs.] Hudibras.

4. Criminal; guilty. [Obs.] Collier.

Syn.
 -- Slow; dilatory; tedious; reluctant. See Slow.

TARDY
Tar"dy, v. t.

Defn: To make tardy. [Obs.] Shak.

TARE
Tare, obs. imp. of Tear.

Defn: Tore.

TARE
Tare, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. tare brisk, eager, OE. tarefitch the
wild vetch.]

1. A weed that grows among wheat and other grain; -- alleged by
modern naturalists to be the Lolium temulentum, or darnel.
Didst not thou sow good seed in thy field From whence then hath it
tares Matt. xiii. 27.
The "darnel" is said to be the tares of Scripture, and is the only
deleterious species belonging to the whole order. Baird.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A name of several climbing or diffuse leguminous herbs of the
genus Vicia; especially, the V. sativa, sometimes grown for fodder.

TARE
Tare, n. Etym: [F. tare; cf. Pr., Sp., Pg., & It. tara; all fr. Ar.
tarah thrown away, removed, fr. taraha to reject, remove.] (Com.)

Defn: Deficientcy in the weight or quantity of goods by reason of the
weight of the cask, bag, or whatever contains the commodity, and is
weighed with it; hence, the allowance or abatement of a certain
weight or quantity which the seller makes to the buyer on account of
the weight of such cask, bag, etc.

TARE
Tare, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tared; p. pr. & vb. n. Taring.]

Defn: To ascertain or mark the tare of (goods).

TARED
Tared, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Weighed; determined; reduced to equal or standard weight; as,
tared filter papers, used in weighing precipitates.

TARENTE
Ta*ren"te, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tarente.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A harmless lizard of the Gecko family (Platydactylus
Mauritianicus) found in Southern Europe and adjacent countries,
especially among old walls and ruins.

TARENTISM
Tar"ent*ism, n.

Defn: See Tarantism.

TARENTULA
Ta*ren"tu*la, n.

Defn: See Tarantula.

TARGE
Targe, n. Etym: [F. Cf. Target.]

Defn: A shield or target. [Obs. or Poetic] "A buckler on a targe."
Chaucer.

TARGET
Tar"get, n. Etym: [OF. targette, dim. of OF. & F. targe, of Teutonic
origin; cf. AS. targe, OD. targie, G. zarge a frame, case, border,
OHG. zarga, Icel. targa shield.]

1. A kind of small shield or buckler, used as a defensive weapon in
war.

2.
(a) A butt or mark to shoot at, as for practice, or to test the
accuracy of a firearm, or the force of a projectile.
(b) The pattern or arrangement of a series of hits made by a marksman
on a butt or mark; as, he made a good target.

3. (Surveying)

Defn: The sliding crosspiece, or vane, on a leveling staff.

4. (Railroad)

Defn: A conspicuous disk attached to a switch lever to show its
position, or for use as a signal.

TARGETED
Tar"get*ed, a.

Defn: Furnished, armed, or protected, with a target.

TARGETEER
Tar`get*eer", n.

Defn: One who is armed with a target or shield. [Written also
targetier.]

TARGUM
Tar"gum, n.; pl. Targums. Heb. Targumim. Etym: [Chald. targum
interpretation, fr. targem to interpret. Cf. Truchman, and Dragoman.]

Defn: A translation or paraphrase of some portion of the Old
Testament Scriptures in the Chaldee or Aramaic language or dialect.

TARGUMIST
Tar"gum*ist, n.

Defn: The writer of a Targum; one versed in the Targums.

TARIFF
Tar"iff, n. Etym: [F. tarif; cf. Sp. & Pg. tarifa, It. tariffa; all
fr. Ar. ta'rif information, explanation, definition, from 'arafa, to
know, to inform, explain.]

1. A schedule, system, or scheme of duties imposed by the government
of a country upon goods imported or exported; as, a revenue tariff; a
protective tariff; Clay's compromise tariff. (U.S. 1833).

Note: The United States and Great Britain impose no duties on
exports; hence, in these countries the tariff refers only to imports.

2. The duty, or rate of duty, so imposed; as, the tariff on wool; a
tariff of two cents a pound.

3. Any schedule or system of rates, changes, etc.; as, a tariff of
fees, or of railroad fares. Bolingbroke.

TARIFF
Tar"iff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tariffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tariffing.]

Defn: To make a list of duties on, as goods.

TARIN
Tar"in, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The siskin. [Prov.]

TARING
Tar"ing, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common tern; -- called also tarret, and tarrock. [Prov.
Eng.]

TARLATAN
Tar"la*tan, n.

Defn: A kind of thin, transparent muslin, used for dresses.

TARN
Tarn, n. Etym: [OE. terne, Icel. tjörn.]

Defn: A mountain lake or pool.
A lofty precipice in front, A silent tarn below. Wordsworth.

TARNISH
Tar"nish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tarnished; p. pr. & vb. n. Tarnishing.]
Etym: [F. ternir, fr. OHG. tarnen to darken, to conceal, hide; akin
to OS. dernian to hide, AS. dernan, dyrnan, OHG. tarni hidden, OS.
derni, AS. derne, dyrne. Cf. Dern, a., and see -ish.]

Defn: To soil, or change the appearance of, especially by an
alternation induced by the air, or by dust, or the like; to diminish,
dull, or destroy the luster of; to sully; as, to tarnish a metal; to
tarnish gilding; to tarnish the purity of color. "Tarnished lace."
Fuller. Used also figuratively; as, to tarnish one's honor.

Syn.
 -- To sully; stain; dim.

TARNISH
Tar"nish, v. i.

Defn: To lose luster; to become dull; as, gilding will tarnish in a
foul air.
Till thy fresh glories, which now shine so bright, Grow stale and
tarnish with our daily sight. Dryden.

TARNISH
Tar"nish, n.

1. The quality or state of being tarnished; stain; soil; blemish.

2. (Min.)

Defn: A thin film on the surface of a metal, usually due to a slight
alteration of the original color; as, the steel tarnish in columbite.

TARNISHER
Tar"nish*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, tarnishes.

TARO
Ta"ro, n. Etym: [From the Polynesian name.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name for several aroid plants (Colocasia antiquorum, var.
esculenta, Colocasia macrorhiza, etc.), and their rootstocks. They
have large ovate-sagittate leaves and large fleshy rootstocks, which
are cooked and used for food in tropical countries.

TAROT
Tar"ot, n. Etym: [F.; cf. It. tarocco.]

Defn: A game of cards; -- called also taroc. Hoyle.

TARPAN
Tar"pan, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wild horse found in the region of the Caspian Sea.

TARPAULIN
Tar*pau"lin, n. Etym: [Tar + palling a covering, pall to cover. See
Pall a covering.]

1. A piece of canvas covered with tar or a waterproof composition,
used for covering the hatches of a ship, hammocks, boats, etc.

2. A hat made of, or covered with, painted or tarred cloth, worn by
sailors and others.

3. Hence, a sailor; a seaman; a tar.
To a landsman, these tarpaulins, as they were called, seemed a
strange and half-savage race. Macaulay.

TARPEIAN
Tar*pe"ian, a. [L. Tarpeius, prop., pertaining to Tarpeia.]

Defn: Pertaining to or designating a rock or peak of the Capitoline
hill, Rome, from which condemned criminals were hurled.

TARPON
Tar"pon, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Tarpum.

TARPUM
Tar"pum, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large marine fish (Megapolis Atlanticus) of the Southern
United States and the West Indies. It often becomes six or more feet
in length, and has large silvery scales. The scales are a staple
article of trade, and are used in fancywork. Called also tarpon,
sabalo, savanilla, silverfish, and jewfish.

TARQUINISH
Tar"quin*ish, a.

Defn: Like a Tarquin, a king of ancient Rome; proud; haughty;
overbearing.

TARRACE
Tar"race, n.

Defn: See Trass. [Obs.]

TARRAGON
Tar"ra*gon, n. Etym: [Sp. taragona, Ar. tarkh; perhaps fr. Gr. draco;
cf. L. dracunculus tarragon. Cf. Dragon.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Artemisa (A. dracunculus), much used in
France for flavoring vinegar.

TARRAS
Tar"ras, n.

Defn: See Trass. [Obs.]

TARRE
Tarre, v. t. Etym: [OE. tarien, terien, to irritate, provoke, AS.
tergan to pull, pluck, torment; probably akin to E. tear, v.t. *63.
Cf. Tarry, v.]

Defn: To set on, as a dog; to incite. [Obs.] Shak.

TARRIANCE
Tar"ri*ance, n.

Defn: The act or time of tarrying; delay; lateness. [Archaic] Shak.
And after two days' tarriance there, returned. Tennyson.

TARRIER
Tar"ri*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, tarries.

TARRIER
Tar"ri*er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of dig; a terrier. [Obs.]

TARROCK
Tar"rock, n. Etym: [Greenland tattarock.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The young of the kittiwake gull before the first molt.
(b) The common guillemot. [Prov. Eng.]
(c) The common tern.

TARRY
Tar"ry, a. Etym: [From Tar, n.]

Defn: Consisting of, or covered with, tar; like tar.

TARRY
Tar"ry, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tarried; p. pr. & vb. n. Tarrying.] Etym:
[OE. tarien to irritate (see Tarre); but with a change of sense
probably due to confusion with OE. targen to delay, OF. targier, fr.
(assumed) LL. tardicare, fr. L. tardare to make slow, to tarry, fr.
tardus slow. Cf. Tardy.]

1. To stay or remain behind; to wait.
Tarry ye for us, until we come again. Ex. xxiv. 14.

2. To delay; to put off going or coming; to loiter.
Come down unto me, tarry not. Gen. xic. 9.
One tarried here, there hurried one. Emerson.

3. To stay; to abide; to continue; to lodge.
Tarry all night, and wash your feet. Gen. xix. 2.

Syn.
 -- To abide; continue; lodge; await; loiter.

TARRY
Tar"ry, v. t.

1. To delay; to defer; to put off. [Obs.]
Tarry us here no longer than to-morrow. Chaucer.

2. To wait for; to stay or stop for. [Archaic]
He that will have a cake out of the wheat must needs tarry the
grinding. Shak.
He plodded on, . . . tarrying no further question. Sir W. Scott.

TARRY
Tar"ry, n.

Defn: Stay; stop; delay. [Obs.] E. Lodge.

TARSAL
Tar"sal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tarsus (either of the foot or eye).
 -- n.

Defn: A tarsal bone or cartilage; a tarsale. Tarsal tetter (Med.), an
eruptive disease of the edges of the eyelids; a kind of bleareye.

TARSAL
Tar"sal, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Tercel. [Obs.]

TARSALE
Tar*sa"le, n.; pl. Tarsalia. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the bones or cartilages of the tarsus; esp., one of the
series articulating with the metatarsals.

TARSE
Tarse, n. Etym: [Cf. Tassel, Tiercel.] (Falconry)

Defn: The male falcon.

TARSE
Tarse, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tarse.] (Anat.)

Defn: tarsus.

TARSECTOMY
Tar*sec"to*my, n. Etym: [Tarsus + Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of excising one or more of the bones of the
tarsus.

TARSEL
Tar"sel, n.

Defn: A male hawk. See Tercel. [Obs.]

TARSI
Tar"si, n.,

Defn: pl. of Tarsus.

TARSIA; TARSIATURA
Tar"si*a, Tar`si*a*tu"ra, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A kind of mosaic in woodwork, much employed in Italy in the
fifteenth century and later, in which scrolls and arabesques, and
sometimes architectural scenes, landscapes, fruits, flowers, and the
like, were produced by inlaying pieces of wood of different colors
and shades into panels usually of walnut wood.

TARSIER
Tar"si*er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tarsier.]

Defn: See Tarsius.

TARSIUS
Tar"si*us, n. Etym: [NL. See Tarsus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of nocturnal lemurine mammals having very large eyes
and ears, a long tail, and very long proximal tarsal bones; -- called
also malmag, spectral lemur, podji, and tarsier.

TARSO-
Tar"so-.

Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with,
or relation to, the tarsus; as, tarsometatarsus.

TARSOMETATARSAL
Tar`so*met`a*tar"sal, a. (Anat.)
(a) Of or pertaining to both the tarsus and metatarsus; as, the
tarsometatarsal articulations.
(b) Of or pertaining to the tarsometatarsus.

TARSOMETATARSUS
Tar`so*met`a*tar"sus, n.; pl. Tarsometatarsi. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: The large bone next the foot in the leg of a bird. It is formed
by the union of the distal part of the tarsus with the metatarsus.

TARSORRHAPHY
Tar*sor"rha*phy, n. Etym: [Tarsus + Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: An operation to diminish the size of the opening between
eyelids when enlarged by surrounding cicatrices.

TARSOTOMY
Tar*sot"o*my, n. Etym: [Tarsus + Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of cutting or removing the tarsal cartilages.

TARSUS
Tar"sus, n.; pl. Tarsi. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Tarse.]

1. (Anat.)
(a) The ankle; the bones or cartilages of the part of the foot
between the metatarsus and the leg, consisting in man of seven short
bones.
(b) A plate of dense connective tissue or cartilage in the eyelid of
man and many animals; -- called also tarsal cartilage, and tarsal
plate.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The foot of an insect or a crustacean. It usually consists of
form two to five joints.

TART
Tart, a. Etym: [AS. teart. *63. Cf. Tear, v. t.]

1. Sharp to the taste; acid; sour; as, a tart apple.

2. Fig.: Sharp; keen; severe; as, a tart reply; tart language; a tart
rebuke.
Why art thou tart, my brother Bunyan.

TART
Tart, n. Etym: [OE. tarte, F. tarte; perhaps originally the same word
as tourte, LL. torta, fr. L. tortus, p.p. of torquere to twist, bend,
wind, because tarts were originally made of a twisted shape. Cf.
Torture, n.]

Defn: A species of small open pie, or piece of pastry, containing
jelly or conserve; a sort of fruit pie.

TARTAN
Tar"tan, n. Etym: [F. tiretane linsey-woolsey, akin to Sp. tiritaña a
sort of thin silk; cf. Sp. tiritar to shiver or shake with cold.]

Defn: Woolen cloth, checkered or crossbarred with narrow bands of
various colors, much worn in the Highlands of Scotland; hence, any
pattern of tartan; also, other material of a similar pattern.
MacCullummore's heart will be as cold as death can make it, when it
does not warm to the tartan. Sir W. Scott.
The sight of the tartan inflamed the populace of London with hatred.
Macaulay.

TARTAN
Tar"tan, n. Etym: [F. tartane, or Sp., Pg., or It. tartana; all
perhaps of Arabic origin.] (Naut.)

Defn: A small coasting vessel, used in the Mediterranean, having one
mast carrying large leteen sail, and a bowsprit with staysail or jib.

TARTAR
Tar"tar, n. Etym: [F. tartre (cf. Pr. tartari, Sp., Pg., & It.
tartaro, LL. tartarum, LGr.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A reddish crust or sediment in wine casks, consisting
essentially of crude cream of tartar, and used in marking pure cream
of tartar, tartaric acid, potassium carbonate, black flux, etc., and,
in dyeing, as a mordant for woolen goods; -- called also argol, wine
stone, etc.

2. A correction which often incrusts the teeth, consisting of
salivary mucus, animal matter, and phosphate of lime. Cream of
tartar. (Chem.) See under Cream.
 -- Tartar emetic (Med. Chem.), a double tartrate of potassium and
basic antimony. It is a poisonous white crystalline substance having
a sweetish metallic taste, and used in medicine as a sudorific and
emetic.

TARTAR
Tar"tar, n.

1. Etym: [Per. Tatar, of Tartar origin.]

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Tartary in Asia; a member of any one
of numerous tribes, chiefly Moslem, of Turkish origin, inhabiting the
Russian Europe; -- written also, more correctly but less usually,
Tatar.

2. A person of a keen, irritable temper. To catch a tartar, to lay
hold of, or encounter, a person who proves too strong for the
assailant. [Colloq.]

TARTAR
Tar"tar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Tartary in Asia, or the Tartars.

TARTAR
Tar"tar, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tartare.]

Defn: See Tartarus. Shak.

TARTARATED
Tar"tar*a`ted, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Tartrated.

TARTAREAN; TARTAREOUS
Tar*ta"re*an, Tar*ta"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. tartareus: cf. F.
tartaréen.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Tartarus; hellish.

TARTAREOUS
Tar*ta"re*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. 1st Tartarous.]

1. Consisting of tartar; of the nature of tartar.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the surface rough and crumbling; as, many lichens are
tartareous.

TARTARIAN; TARTARIC
Tar*ta"ri*an, Tar*tar"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Tartary in Asia, or the Tartars. Tartarian
lamb (Bot.), Scythian lamb. See Barometz.

TARTARIAN
Tar*ta"ri*an, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of some kinds of cherries, as the Black Tartarian, or
the White Tartarian.

TARTARIC
Tar*tar"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to tartar; derived from, or resembling,
tartar. Tartaric acid. (a) An acid widely diffused throughout the
vegetable kingdom, as in grapes, mountain-ash berries, etc., and
obtained from tartar as a white crystalline substance,
C2H2(OH)2.(CO2H)2, having a strong pure acid taste. It is used in
medicine, in dyeing, calico printing, photography, etc., and also as
a substitute for lemon juice. Called also dextro-tartaric acid. (b)
By extension, any one of the series of isomeric acids (racemic acid,
levotartaric acid, inactive tartaric acid) of which tartaric acid
proper is the type.

TARTARINE
Tar"tar*ine, n. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Potassium carbonate, obtained by the incineration of tartar.
[Obs.]

TARTARIZE
Tar"tar*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tartarized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Tartarizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. tartariser.] (Chem.)

Defn: To impregnate with, or subject to the action of, tartar. [R.]
Tartarized antimony (Med. Chem.), tartar emetic.

TARTARIZE
Tar"tar*ize, v. t.

Defn: To cause to resemble the Tartars and their civilization, as by
conquest.

TARTAROUS
Tar"tar*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. tartareux.]

Defn: Containing tartar; consisting of tartar, or partaking of its
qualities; tartareous.

TARTAROUS
Tar"tar*ous, a.

Defn: Resembling, or characteristic of, a Tartar; ill-natured;
irritable.
The Tartarous moods of common men. B. Jonson.

TARTARUM
Tar"ta*rum, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See 1st Tartar.

TARTARUS
Tar"ta*rus, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The infernal regions, described in the Iliad as situated as far
below Hades as heaven is above the earth, and by later writers as the
place of punishment for the spirits of the wicked. By the later
poets, also, the name is often used synonymously with Hades, or the
Lower World in general.

TARTARY
Tar"ta*ry, n.

Defn: Tartarus. [Obs.] Spenser.

TARTINI'S TONES
Tar*ti"ni's tones`. Etym: [From Tartini, an Italian violinist, who
discovered them in 1754.]

Defn: See the Note under Tone.

TARTISH
Tart"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat tart.

TARTLET
Tart"let, n.

Defn: A small tart. V. Knox.

TARTLY
Tart"ly, adv.

Defn: In a tart manner; with acidity.

TARTNESS
Tart"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tart.

Syn.
 -- Acrimony; sourness; keenness; poignancy; severity; asperity;
acerbity; harshness. See Acrimony.

TARTRALIC
Tar*tral"ic, a. Etym: [From Tartar the chemical compound.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained as a white
amorphous deliquescent substance, C8H10O11; -- called also
ditartaric, tartrilic, or tartrylic acid.

TARTRAMATE
Tar*tram"ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of tartramic acid.

TARTRAMIC
Tar*tram"ic, a. Etym: [Tarto- + amic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid which is the primary
acid amide derivative of tartaric acid.

TARTRAMIDE
Tar*tram"ide, n. Etym: [Tarto- + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: An acid amide derivative of tartaric acid, obtained as a white
crystalline substance.

TARTRATE
Tar"trate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tartrate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of tartaric acid.

TARTRATED
Tar"tra`ted, a. (Med. Chem.)

Defn: Containing, or derived from, tartar; combined with tartaric
acid.

TARTRAZINE
Tar"tra*zine, n. Etym: [Tartaric + hydrazine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An artificial dyestuff obtained as an orange-yellow powder, and
regarded as a phenyl hydrazine derivative of tartaric and sulphonic
acids.

TARTRELIC
Tar*trel"ic, a. Etym: [From Tartar the chemical compound.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an anhydride, C4H4O5, of
tartaric acid, obtained as a white crystalline deliquescent
substance.

TARTRO-
Tar"tro-.

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively) used in chemistry to
denote the presence of tartar or of some of its compounds or
derivatives.

TARTRONATE
Tar"tro*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of tartronic acid.

TARTRONIC
Tar*tron"ic, a. Etym: [Tartro- + malonic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid (called also
hydroxy malonic acid) obtained, by reducing mesoxalic acid, as a
white crystalline substance.

TARTRONYL
Tar"tro*nyl, n. Etym: [Tartronic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical constituting the characteristic residue
of tartronic acid and certain of its derivatives.

TARTROVINIC
Tar`tro*vin"ic, a. Etym: [Tartro- + vinic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a certain acid composed of
tartaric acid in combination with ethyl, and now called ethyltartaric
acid.

TARTUFFE; TARTUFE
Tar*tuffe", Tar*tufe", n. Etym: [F. tartufe.]

Defn: A hypocritical devotee. See the Dictionary of Noted Names in
Fiction.

TARTUFFISH; TARTUFISH
Tar*tuff"ish, Tar*tuf"ish, a.

Defn: Like a tartuffe; precise; hypocritical. Sterne.

TARWEED
Tar"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several resinous-glandular composite plants of
California, esp. to the species of Grindelia, Hemizonia, and Madia.

TAS
Tas, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A heap. [Obs.] "The tas of bodies slain." Chaucer.

TAS
Tas, v. t.

Defn: To tassel. [Obs.] "A purse of leather tassed with silk."
Chaucer.

TASCO
Tas"co, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. tasconio.]

Defn: A kind of clay for making melting pots. Percy Smith.

TASIMER
Ta*sim"er, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for detecting or measuring minute extension or
movements of solid bodies. It consists essentially of a small rod,
disk, or button of carbon, forming part of an electrical circuit, the
resistance of which, being varied by the changes of pressure produced
by the movements of the object to be measured, causes variations in
the strength of the current, which variations are indicated by a
sensitive galvanometer. It is also used for measuring minute changes
of temperature. T. A. Edison.

TASK
Task, n. Etym: [OE. taske, OF. tasque, F. tâche, for tasche, LL.
tasca, taxa, fr. L. taxare to rate, appraise, estimate. See Tax, n. &
v.]

1. Labor or study imposed by another, often in a definite quantity or
amount.
Ma task of servile toil. Milton.
Each morning sees some task begin, Each evening sees it close.
Longfellow.

2. Business; employment; undertaking; labor.
His mental powers were equal to greater tasks. Atterbury.
To take to task. See under Take.

Syn.
 -- Work; labor; employment; business; toil; drudgery; study; lesson;
stint.

TASK
Task, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tasked; p. pr. & vb. n. Tasking.]

1. To impose a task upon; to assign a definite amount of business,
labor, or duty to.
There task thy maids, and exercise the loom. Dryden.

2. To oppress with severe or excessive burdens; to tax.

3. To charge; to tax; as with a fault.
Too impudent to task me with those errors. Beau. & Fl.

TASKER
Task"er, n.

1. One who imposes a task.

2. One who performs a task, as a day-laborer. [R.]

3. A laborer who receives his wages in kind. [Scot.]

TASKMASTER
Task"mas`ter, n.

Defn: One who imposes a task, or burdens another with labor; one
whose duty is to assign tasks; an overseer. Ex. i. 11.
All is, if I have grace to use it so, As ever in my great
Taskmaster's eye. Milton.

TASK WAGE
Task wage. (Polit. Econ.)

Defn: A wage paid by the day, or some fixed period, on condition that
a minimum task be performed. When the workman is paid in proportion
for excess over the minimum, the wage is one for piece-work.

TASKWORK
Task"work`, n.

Defn: Work done as a task; also, work done by the job; piecework.

TASLET
Tas"let, n. Etym: [See Tasse a piece of armor.]

Defn: A piece of armor formerly worn to guard the things; a tasse.

TASMANIAN
Tas*ma"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Tasmania, or Van Diemen's Land.
 -- n. A native or inhabitant of Tasmania; specifically (Ethnol.), in
the plural, the race of men that formerly inhabited Tasmania, but is
now extinct. Tasmanain cider tree. (Bot.) See the Note under
Eucalyptus.
 -- Tasmanain devil. (Zoöl.) See under Devil.
 -- Tasmanain wolf (Zoöl.), a savage carnivorous marsupial; -- called
also zebra wolf. See Zebra wolf, under Wolf.

TASSE
Tasse, n. Etym: [OF. tassette.]

Defn: A piece of armor for the thighs, forming an appendage to the
ancient corselet.

Note: Usually the tasse was a plate of iron swinging from the
cuirass, but the skirts of sliding splints were also called by this
name.

TASSEL
Tas"sel, n. (Falconry)

Defn: A male hawk. See Tercel.

TASSEL
Tas"sel, n. Etym: [See Teasel.]

Defn: A kind of bur used in dressing cloth; a teasel.

TASSEL
Tas"sel, n. Etym: [OE., a fastening of a mantle, OF. tassel a
fastening, clasp, F. tasseau a bracket, Fr. L. taxillus a little die,
dim. of talus a die of a longish shape, rounded on two sides and
marked only on the other four, a knuckle bone.]

1. A pendent ornament, attached to the corners of cushions, to
curtains, and the like, ending in a tuft of loose threads or cords.

2. The flower or head of some plants, esp. when pendent.
And the maize field grew and ripened, Till it stood in all the
splendor Of its garments green and yellow, Of its tassels and its
plumage. Longfellow.

3. A narrow silk ribbon, or the like, sewed to a book to be put
between the leaves.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: A piece of board that is laid upon a wall as a sort of plate,
to give a level surface to the ends of floor timbers; -- rarely used
in the United States. Tassel flower (Bot.), a name of several
composite plants of the genus Cineraria, especially the C.
sconchifolia, and of the blossoms which they bear.

TASSEL
Tas"sel, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tasseled or Tasselled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Tasseling or Tasselling.]

Defn: To put forth a tassel or flower; as, maize tassels.

TASSEL
Tas"sel, v. t.

Defn: To adorn with tassels. Chaucer.

TASSET
Tas"set, n. Etym: [See Tasse.]

Defn: A defense for the front of the thigh, consisting of one or more
iron plates hanging from the belt on the lower edge of the corselet.

TASTABLE
Tast"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of worthy of being tasted; savory; relishing.

TASTE
Taste, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tasting.] Etym:
[OE. tasten to feel, to taste, OF. taster, F. tater to feel, to try
by the touch, to try, to taste, (assumed) LL. taxitare, fr. L. taxare
to touch sharply, to estimate. See Tax, v. t.]

1. To try by the touch; to handle; as, to taste a bow. [Obs.]
Chapman.
Taste it well and stone thou shalt it find. Chaucer.

2. To try by the touch of the tongue; to perceive the relish or
flavor of (anything) by taking a small quantity into a mouth. Also
used figuratively.
When the ruler of the feast had tasted the water that was made wine.
John ii. 9.
When Commodus had once tasted human blood, he became incapable of
pity or remorse. Gibbon.

3. To try by eating a little; to eat a small quantity of.
I tasted a little of this honey. 1 Sam. xiv. 29.

4. To become acquainted with by actual trial; to essay; to
experience; to undergo.
He . . . should taste death for every man. Heb. ii. 9.

5. To partake of; to participate in; -- usually with an implied sense
of relish or pleasure.
Thou . . . wilt taste No pleasure, though in pleasure, solitary.
Milton.

TASTE
Taste, v. i.

1. To try food with the mouth; to eat or drink a little only; to try
the flavor of anything; as, to taste of each kind of wine.

2. To have a smack; to excite a particular sensation, by which the
specific quality or flavor is distinguished; to have a particular
quality or character; as, this water tastes brackish; the milk tastes
of garlic.
Yea, every idle, nice, and wanton reason Shall to the king taste of
this action. Shak.

3. To take sparingly.
For age but tastes of pleasures, youth devours. Dryden.

4. To have perception, experience, or enjoyment; to partake; as, to
taste of nature's bounty. Waller.
The valiant never taste of death but once. Shak.

TASTE
Taste, n.

1. The act of tasting; gustation.

2. A particular sensation excited by the application of a substance
to the tongue; the quality or savor of any substance as perceived by
means of the tongue; flavor; as, the taste of an orange or an apple;
a bitter taste; an acid taste; a sweet taste.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: The one of the five senses by which certain properties of
bodies (called their taste, savor, flavor) are ascertained by contact
with the organs of taste.

Note: Taste depends mainly on the contact of soluble matter with the
terminal organs (connected with branches of the glossopharyngeal and
other nerves) in the papillæ on the surface of the tongue. The base
of the tongue is considered most sensitive to bitter substances, the
point to sweet and acid substances.

4. Intellectual relish; liking; fondness; -- formerly with of, now
with for; as, he had no taste for study.
I have no taste Of popular applause. Dryden.

5. The power of perceiving and relishing excellence in human
performances; the faculty of discerning beauty, order, congruity,
proportion, symmetry, or whatever constitutes excellence,
particularly in the fine arts and belles-letters; critical judgment;
discernment.

6. Manner, with respect to what is pleasing, refined, or in
accordance with good usage; style; as, music composed in good taste;
an epitaph in bad taste.

7. Essay; trial; experience; experiment. Shak.

8. A small portion given as a specimen; a little piece tastted of
eaten; a bit. Bacon.

9. A kind of narrow and thin silk ribbon.

Syn.
 -- Savor; relish; flavor; sensibility; gout.
 -- Taste, Sensibility, Judgment. Some consider taste as a mere
sensibility, and others as a simple exercise of judgment; but a union
of both is requisite to the existence of anything which deserves the
name. An original sense of the beautiful is just as necessary to
æsthetic judgments, as a sense of right and wrong to the formation of
any just conclusions or moral subjects. But this "sense of the
beautiful" is not an arbitrary principle. It is under the guidance of
reason; it grows in delicacy and correctness with the progress of the
individual and of society at large; it has its laws, which are seated
in the nature of man; and it is in the development of these laws that
we find the true "standard of taste."
What, then, is taste, but those internal powers, Active and strong,
and feelingly alive To each fine impulse a discerning sense Of decent
and sublime, with quick disgust From things deformed, or disarranged,
or gross In species This, nor gems, nor stores of gold, Nor purple
state, nor culture, can bestow, But God alone, when first his active
hand Imprints the secret bias of the soul. Akenside.
Taste of buds, or Taste of goblets (Anat.), the flask-shaped end
organs of taste in the epithelium of the tongue. They are made up of
modified epithelial cells arranged somewhat like leaves in a bud.

TASTEFUL
Taste"ful, a.

1. Having a high relish; savory. "Tasteful herbs." Pope.

2. Having or exhibiting good taste; in accordance with good taste;
tasty; as, a tasteful drapery.
 -- Taste"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Taste"ful*ness, n.

TASTELESS
Taste"less, a.

1. Having no taste; insipid; flat; as, tasteless fruit.

2. Destitute of the sense of taste; or of good taste; as, a tasteless
age. Orrery.

3. Not in accordance with good taste; as, a tasteless arrangement of
drapery.
 -- Taste"less*ly, adv.
 -- Taste"less*ness, n.

TASTER
Tast"er, n.

1. One who tastes; especially, one who first tastes food or drink to
ascertain its quality.
Thy tutor be thy taster, ere thou eat. Dryden.

2. That in which, or by which, anything is tasted, as, a dram cup, a
cheese taster, or the like.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a peculiar kind of zooids situated on the polyp-stem of
certain Siphonophora. They somewhat resemble the feeding zooids, but
are destitute of mouths. See Siphonophora.

TASTILY
Tast"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tasty manner.

TASTING
Tast"ing, n.

Defn: The act of perceiving or tasting by the organs of taste; the
faculty or sense by which we perceive or distinguish savors.

TASTO
Tas"to, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A key or thing touched to produce a tone. Tasto solo, single
touch; -- in old music, a direction denoting that the notes in the
bass over or under which it is written should be performed alone, or
with no other chords than unisons and octaves.

TASTY
Tast"y, a. [Compar. Tastier; superl. Tastiest.]

1. Having a good taste; -- applied to persons; as, a tasty woman. See
Taste, n., 5.

2. Being in conformity to the principles of good taste; elegant; as,
tasty furniture; a tasty dress.

TAT
Tat, n. Etym: [Hind. tat.]

Defn: Gunny cloth made from the fiber of the Corchorus olitorius, or
jute. [India]

TAT
Tat, n. Etym: [Hind. tatt.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A pony. [India]

TATAUPA
Ta*tau"pa, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American tinamou (Crypturus tataupa).

TATCH
Tatch, n. Etym: [F. tache spot. See Techy.]

Defn: A spot or stain; also, a trick. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

TATH
Tath, obs.

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Ta, to take.

TATH
Tath, n. Etym: [Prov. E.; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. ta dung, ta the
grass of a manured pasture, te to manure. *58. Cf. Ted.]

1. Dung, or droppings of cattle. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

2. The luxuriant grass growing about the droppings of cattle in a
pasture. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

TATH
Tath, v. t.

Defn: To manure (land) by pasturing cattle on it, or causing them to
lie upon it. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

TATOU
Ta*tou", n. Etym: [Cf. Tatouay.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The giant armadillo (Priodontes gigas) of tropical South
America. It becomes nearly five feet long including the tail. It is
noted for its burrowing powers, feeds largely upon dead animals, and
sometimes invades human graves.

TATOUAY
Tat"ou*ay, n. Etym: [Of Brazilian origin; cf. Pg. tatu, F. tatou.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An armadillo (Xenurus unicinctus), native of the tropical parts
of South America. It has about thirteen movable bands composed of
small, nearly square, scales. The head is long; the tail is round and
tapered, and nearly destitute of scales; the claws of the fore feet
are very large. Called also tatouary, and broad-banded armadillo.

TATOUHOU
Tat"ou*hou, n. Etym: [Cf. Tatouay.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The peba.

TATT
Tatt, v. t. & i.

Defn: To make (anything) by tatting; to work at tatting; as, tatted
edging.

TATTA
Tat"ta, n. Etym: [Hind. , tati.]

Defn: A bamboo frame or trellis hung at a door or window of a house,
over which water is suffered to trickle, in order to moisten and cool
the air as it enters. [India]

TATTER
Tat"ter, n.

Defn: One who makes tatting. Caulfield & S. (Doct. of Needlework).

TATTER
Tat"ter, n. Etym: [Icel. tötur, töttur, pl. tötrar, ; cf. Norw.
totra, pl. totror, LG. taltern tatters. *240.]

Defn: A rag, or a part torn and hanging; -- chiefly used in the
plural.
Tear a passion to tatters, to very rags. Shak.

TATTER
Tat"ter, v. t. [p. p. Tattered.]

Defn: To rend or tear into rags; -- used chiefly in the past
participle as an adjective.
Where waved the tattered ensigns of Ragfair. Pope.

TATTERDEMALION
Tat`ter*de*mal"ion, n. Etym: [Tatter + OF. desmaillier to break the
meshes of, to tear: cf. OF. maillon long clothes, swadding clothes,
F. maillot. See Tatter, and Mail armor.]

Defn: A ragged fellow; a ragamuffin. L'Estrange.

TATTERSALL'S
Tat"ter*sall's, n.

Defn: A famous horse market in London, established in 1766 by Richard
Tattersall, also used as the headquarters of credit betting on
English horse races; hence, a large horse market elsewhere.

TATTING
Tat"ting, n.

Defn: A kind of lace made from common sewing thread, with a peculiar
stitch. Tatting shuttle, the shuttle on which the thread used in
tatting is wound.

TATTLE
Tat"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tattled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tattling.]
Etym: [Akin to OE. tateren, LG. tateln, D. tateren to stammer, and
perhaps to E. titter.]

1. To prate; to talk idly; to use many words with little meaning; to
chat.
The tattling quality of age, which is always narrative. Dryden.

2. To tell tales; to communicate secrets; to be a talebearer; as, a
tattling girl.

TATTLE
Tat"tle, n.

Defn: Idle talk or chat; trifling talk; prate.
[They] told the tattle of the day. Swift.

TATTLER
Tat"tler, n.

1. One who tattles; an idle talker; one who tells tales. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large, long-legged sandpipers
belonging to the genus Totanus.

Note: The common American species are the greater tattler, or
telltale (T. melanoleucus), the smaller tattler, or lesser yellowlegs
(T. flavipes), the solitary tattler (T. solitarius), and the
semipalmated tattler, or willet. The first two are called also
telltale, telltale spine, telltale tattler, yellowlegs, yellowshanks,
and yelper.

TATTLERY
Tat"tler*y, n.

Defn: Idle talk or chat; tittle-tattle.

TATTLING
Tat"tling, a.

Defn: Given to idle talk; apt to tell tales.
 -- Tat"tling*ly, adv.

TATTOO
Tat*too", n. Etym: [Earlier taptoo, D. taptoe; tap a tap, faucet +
toe to, shut (i. e., the taps, or drinking houses, shut from the
soldiers).] (Mil.)

Defn: A beat of drum, or sound of a trumpet or bugle, at night,
giving notice to soldiers to retreat, or to repair to their quarters
in garrison, or to their tents in camp. The Devil's tattoo. See under
Devil.

TATTOO
Tat*too", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tattooed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tattooing.]
Etym: [Of Polynesian origin; cf. New Zealand ta to tattoo, tatu
puncturation (in Otaheite).]

Defn: To color, as the flesh, by pricking in coloring matter, so as
to form marks or figures which can not be washed out.

TATTOO
Tat*too", n.; pl. Tattoos (.

Defn: An indelible mark or figure made by puncturing the skin and
introducing some pigment into the punctures; -- a mode of
ornamentation practiced by various barbarous races, both in ancient
and modern times, and also by some among civilized nations,
especially by sailors.

TATTY
Tat"ty, n.; pl. Tatties (#). [Hind. tsatstsi.]

Defn: A mat or screen of fibers, as of the kuskus grass, hung at a
door or window and kept wet to moisten and cool the air as it enters.
[India]

TATU
Ta*tu", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Tatou.

TATUSIID
Ta*tu"si*id, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any armadillo of the family Tatusiidæ, of which the peba and
mule armadillo are examples. Also used adjectively.

TAU
Tau, n. Etym: [Gr. tay^ the letter t (English T).] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common American toadfish; -- so called from a marking
resembling the Greek letter tau (t). Tau cross. See Illust. 6, of
Cross.

TAUGHT
Taught, a.

Defn: See Taut. Totten.

TAUGHT
Taught,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Teach. Etym: [AS. imp. tæhte, p.p. getæht.]

Note: See Teach.

TAUNT
Taunt, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. tant so great, F. tant so much, L. tantus of
such size, so great, so much.] (Naut.)

Defn: Very high or tall; as, a ship with taunt masts. Totten.

TAUNT
Taunt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Taunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Taunting.] Etym:
[Earlier, to tease; probably fr. OF. tanter to tempt, to try, for
tenter. See Tempt.]

Defn: To reproach with severe or insulting words; to revile; to
upbraid; to jeer at; to flout.
When I had at my pleasure taunted her. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To deride; ridicule; mock; jeer; flout; revile. See Deride.

TAUNT
Taunt, n.

Defn: Upbraiding language; bitter or sarcastic reproach; insulting
invective.
With scoffs, and scorns, and contemelious taunts. Shak.
With sacrilegious taunt and impious jest. Prior.

TAUNTER
Taunt"er, n.

Defn: One who taunts.

TAUNTING
Taunt"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Taunt, v.
Every kind of insolent and taunting reflection. Burke.

TAUNTINGLY
Taunt"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a taunting manner.

TAUNTRESS
Taunt"ress, n.

Defn: A woman who taunts.

TAUPIE; TAWPIE
Tau"pie, Taw"pie, n. [Cf. Icel. topi fool, Dan. taabe, Sw. tåp.]

Defn: A foolish or thoughtless young person, esp. a slothful or
slovenly woman. [Scot.]  Burns.

TAUR
Taur, n. Etym: [L. Taurus.]

Defn: The constellation Taurus. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TAURICORNOUS
Tau`ri*cor"nous, a. Etym: [L. tauricornis; taurus a bull + cornu a
horn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having horns like those of a bull. Sir T. Browne.

TAURID
Tau"rid, n.  [Taurus + 1st -id.] (Astron.)

Defn: Any of a group of meteors appearing November 20-23; -- so
called because they appear to radiate from a point in Taurus.

TAURIDOR
Tau`ri*dor", n. Etym: [See Toreador.]

Defn: A bull Sir W. Scott.

TAURIFORM
Tau"ri*form, a. Etym: [L. tauriformis; taurus a bull + -form: cf. F.
tauriforme.]

Defn: Having the form of a bull.

TAURINE
Tau"rine, a. Etym: [L. taurinus, fr. taurus a bull. See Taurus.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the genus Taurus, or cattle.

TAURINE
Tau"rine, n. Etym: [So named because it was discovered in the bile of
the ox. See Taurus.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A body occurring in small quantity in the juices of muscle, in
the lungs, and elsewhere, but especially in the bile, where it is
found as a component part of taurocholic acid, from which it can be
prepared by decomposition of the acid. It crystallizes in colorless,
regular six-sided prisms, and is especially characterized by
containing both nitrogen and sulphur, being chemically amido-
isethionic acid, C

TAUROCHOLATE
Tau`ro*cho"late, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A salt of taurocholic acid; as, sodium taurocholate, which
occurs in human bile.

TAUROCHOLIC
Tau`ro*chol"ic, a. Etym: [Taurine + cholic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a conjugate acid (called
taurocholic acid) composed of taurine and cholic acid, present
abundantly in human bile and in that of carnivora. It is exceedingly
deliquescent, and hence appears generally as a thick, gummy mass,
easily soluble in water and alcohol. It has a bitter taste.

TAUROCOL; TAUROCOLLA
Tau"ro*col, Tau`ro*col"la, n. Etym: [NL. taurocolla, fr. Gr.
taurocolle.]

Defn: Glue made from a bull's hide.

TAUROMACHIAN
Tau`ro*ma"chi*an, a. Etym: [See Tauromachy.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to bullfights.
 -- n.

Defn: A bullfighter.

TAUROMACHY
Tau*rom"a*chy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Bullfighting.

TAURUS
Tau"rus, n. Etym: [L., akin to Gr. steer. See Steer a young ox.]

1. (Astron.)
(a) The Bull; the second in order of the twelve signs of the zodiac,
which the sun enters about the 20th of April; -- marked thus [taurus]
in almanacs.
(b) A zodiacal constellation, containing the well-known clusters
called the Pleiades and the Hyades, in the latter of which is
situated the remarkably bright Aldebaran.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of ruminants comprising the common domestic cattle.

TAURYLIC
Tau*ryl"ic, a. Etym: [L. taurus a bull + E. phenylic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found of a urine of neat
cattle, and probably identical with cresol.

TAUT
Taut, a. Etym: [Dan. tæt; akin to E. tight. See Tight.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: Tight; stretched; not slack; -- said esp. of a rope that is
tightly strained.

2. Sung; close; firm; secure. Taut hand (Naut.), a sailor's term for
an officer who is severe in discipline.

TAUTAUG
Tau*taug", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Tautog.

TAUTEGORICAL
Tau`te*gor"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Allegory.]

Defn: Expressing the same thing with different words; -- opposed to
allegorical. [R.] Coleridge.

TAUTOCHRONE
Tau"to*chrone, n. Etym: [Gr. tautochrone.] (Math.)

Defn: A curved line, such that a heavy body, descending along it by
the action of gravity, will always arrive at the lowest point in the
same time, wherever in the curve it may begin to fall; as, an
inverted cycloid with its base horizontal is a tautochrone.

TAUTOCHRONOUS
Tau*toch"ro*nous, a. (Math.)

Defn: Occupying the same time; pertaining to, or having the
properties of, a tautochrone.

TAUTOG
Tau*tog", n. Etym: [The pl. of taut, the American Indian name,
translated by Roger Williams sheep's heads, and written by him
tautaúog.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An edible labroid fish (Haitula onitis, or Tautoga onitis) of
the Atlantic coast of the United States. When adult it is nearly
black, more or less irregularly barred, with greenish gray. Called
also blackfish, oyster fish, salt-water chub, and moll. [Written also
tautaug.]

TAUTOLOGIC
Tau`to*log"ic, a.

Defn: Tautological.

TAUTOLOGICAL
Tau`to*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. tautologique.]

Defn: Involving tautology; having the same signification; as,
tautological expression.
 -- Tau`to*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Tautological echo, an echo that repeats
the same sound or syllable many times.

TAUTOLOGIST
Tau*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who uses tautological words or phrases.

TAUTOLOGIZE
Tau*tol"o*gize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tautologized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Tautologizing.]

Defn: To repeat the same thing in different words.

TAUTOLOGOUS
Tau*tol"o*gous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Repeating the same thing in different words; tautological. [R.]
Tooke.

TAUTOLOGY
Tau*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. tautologia, Gr. tautologie.] (Rhet.)

Defn: A repetition of the same meaning in different words; needless
repetition of an idea in different words or phrases; a representation
of anything as the cause, condition, or consequence of itself, as in
the following lines: --
The dawn is overcast, the morning lowers, And heavily in clouds
brings on the day. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Repetition.
 -- Tautology, Repetition. There may be frequent repetitions (as in
legal instruments) which are warranted either by necessity or
convenience; but tautology is always a fault, being a sameness of
expression which adds nothing to the sense or the sound.

TAUTOMERIC
Tau`to*mer"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Relating to, or characterized by, tautomerism.

TAUTOMERISM
Tau*tom"er*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: The condition, quality, or relation of metameric substances, or
their respective derivatives, which are more or less interchangeable,
according as one form or the other is the more stable. It is a
special case of metamerism; thus, the lactam and the lactim compounds
exhibit tautomerism.

TAUTOOUSIAN; TAUTOOUSIOUS
Tau`to*ou"si*an, Tau`to*ou"si*ous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having the same essence; being identically of the same nature.
[R.] Cudworth.

TAUTOPHONICAL
Tau`to*phon"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, tautophony; repeating the
same sound.

TAUTOPHONY
Tau*toph"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Repetition of the same sound.

TAUTOZONAL
Tau`to*zon"al, a. Etym: [Gr. zonal.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: Belonging to the same zone; as, tautozonal planes.

TAVERN
Tav"ern, n. Etym: [OE. taverne, F. taverne, from L. taberna a hut,
booth, tavern. Cf. Table, Tabernacle.]

Defn: A public house where travelers and other transient guests are
accomodated with rooms and meals; an inn; a hotel; especially, in
modern times, a public house licensed to sell liquor in small
quantities.

TAVERNER
Tav"ern*er, n. Etym: [F. tavernier, L. tabernarius.]

Defn: One who keeps a tavern. Chaucer. Camden.

TAVERNING
Tav"ern*ing, n.

Defn: A feasting at taverns. [Obs.] "The misrule of our tavernings."
Bp. Hall.

TAVERNMAN
Tav"ern*man, n.; pl. Tavernmen (.

Defn: The keeper of a tavern; also, a tippler. [Obs.]

TAW
Taw, n.

Defn: Tow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TAW
Taw, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Tew to tow, Tow, v. t.]

Defn: To push; to tug; to tow. [Obs.] Drayton.

TAW
Taw, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tawed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tawing.] Etym: [OE.
tawen, tewen, AS. tawian to prepare; cf. D. touwen, Goth. tewa order,
taujan to do, and E. tool. *64. Cf. 1st Tew, Tow the coarse part of
flax.]

1. To prepare or dress, as hemp, by beating; to tew; hence, to beat;
to scourge. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. To dress and prepare, as the skins of sheep, lambs, goats, and
kids, for gloves, and the like, by imbuing them with alum, salt, and
other agents, for softening and bleaching them.

TAW
Taw, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. taw instrument.]

1. A large marble to be played with; also, a game at marbles.

2. A line or mark from which the players begin a game of marbles.
[Colloq. U.S.]

TAWDRILY
Taw"dri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tawdry manner.

TAWDRINESS
Taw"dri*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being tawdry.
A clumsy person makes his ungracefulness more ungraceful by
tawdriness of dress. Richardson.

TAWDRY
Taw"dry, a. [Compar. Tawdrier; superl. Tawdriest.] Etym: [Said to be
corrupted from Saint Audrey, or Auldrey, meaning Saint Ethelreda,
implying therefore, originally, bought at the fair of St. Audrey,
where laces and gay toys of all sorts were sold. This fair was held
in Isle Ely, and probably at other places, on the day of the saint,
which was the 17th of October.]

1. Bought at the festival of St. Audrey. [Obs.]
And gird in your waist, For more fineness, with a tawdry lace.
Spenser.

2. Very fine and showy in colors, without taste or elegance; having
an excess of showy ornaments without grace; cheap and gaudy; as, a
tawdry dress; tawdry feathers; tawdry colors.
He rails from morning to night at essenced fops and tawdry courtiers.
Spectator.

TAWDRY
Taw"dry, n.; pl. Tawdries (.

Defn: A necklace of a rural fashion, bought at St. Audrey's fair;
hence, a necklace in general. [Obs.]
Of which the Naiads and the blue Nereids make Them tawdries for their
necks. Drayton.

TAWER
Taw"er, n.

Defn: One who taws; a dresser of white leather.

TAWERY
Taw"er*y, n.

Defn: A place where skins are tawed.

TAWNINESS
Taw"ni*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tawny.

TAWNY
Taw"ny, a. [Compar. Tawnier; superl. Tawniest.] Etym: [F. tanné, p.p.
of tanner to tan. See Tan, v. t. & n. Cf. Tenné.]

Defn: Of a dull yellowish brown color, like things tanned, or persons
who are sunburnt; as, tawny Moor or Spaniard; the tawny lion. "A
leopard's tawny and spotted hide." Longfellow.

TAWS
Taws, n. Etym: [See Taw to beat.]

Defn: A leather lash, or other instrument of punishment, used by a
schoolmaster. [Written also tawes, tawis, and tawse.] [Scot.]
Never use the taws when a gloom can do the turn. Ramsay.

TAX
Tax, n. Etym: [F. taxe, fr. taxer to tax, L. taxare to touch,
sharply, to feel, handle, to censure, value, estimate, fr. tangere,
tactum, to touch. See Tangent, and cf. Task, Taste.]

1. A charge, especially a pecuniary burden which is imposed by
authority. Specifically: --
(a) A charge or burden laid upon persons or property for the support
of a government.
A farmer of taxes is, of all creditors, proverbially the most
rapacious. Macaulay.

(b) Especially, the sum laid upon specific things, as upon polls,
lands, houses, income, etc.; as, a land tax; a window tax; a tax on
carriages, and the like.

Note: Taxes are annual or perpetual, direct or indirect, etc.
(c) A sum imposed or levied upon the members of a society to defray
its expenses.

2. A task exacted from one who is under control; a contribution or
service, the rendering of which is imposed upon a subject.

3. A disagreeable or burdensome duty or charge; as, a heavy tax on
time or health.

4. Charge; censure. [Obs.] Clarendon.

5. A lesson to be learned; a task. [Obs.] Johnson. Tax cart, a spring
cart subject to a low tax. [Eng.]

Syn.
 -- Impost; tribute; contribution; duty; toll; rate; assessment;
exaction; custom; demand.

TAX
Tax, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Taxed; p. pr. & vb. n. Taxing.] Etym: [Cf.
F. taxer. See Tax, n.]

1. To subject to the payment of a tax or taxes; to impose a tax upon;
to lay a burden upon; especially, to exact money from for the support
of government.
We are more heavily taxed by our idleness, pride, and folly than we
are taxed by government. Franklin.

2. (Law)

Defn: To assess, fix, or determine judicially, the amount of; as, to
tax the cost of an action in court.

3. To charge; to accuse; also, to censure; -- often followed by with,
rarely by of before an indirect object; as, to tax a man with pride.
I tax you, you elements, with unkindness. Shak.
Men's virtues I have commended as freely as I have taxed their
crimes. Dryden.
Fear not now that men should tax thine honor. M. Arnold.

TAXABILITY
Tax`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being taxable; taxableness.

TAXABLE
Tax"a*ble, a.

1. Capable of being taxed; liable by law to the assessment of taxes;
as, taxable estate; taxable commodities.

2. (Law)

Defn: That may be legally charged by a court against the plaintiff of
defendant in a suit; as, taxable costs.
 -- Tax"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Tax"a*bly, adv.

TAXASPIDEAN
Tax`as*pid"e*an, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the posterior tarsal scales, or scutella, rectangular
and arranged in regular rows; -- said of certain birds.

TAXATION
Tax*a"tion, n. Etym: [F. taxation, L. taxatio a valuing, estimation,
from L. taxare. See Tax.]

1. The act of laying a tax, or of imposing taxes, as on the subjects
of a state, by government, or on the members of a corporation or
company, by the proper authority; the raising of revenue; also, a
system of raising revenue.

2. (Law)

Defn: The act of taxing, or assessing a bill of cost.

3. Tax; sum imposed. [R.] Daniel.

4. Charge; accusation. [Obs.] Shak.

TAX CERTIFICATE
Tax certificate. (Law)

Defn: The certificate issued to the purchaser of land at a tax sale
certifying to the sale and the payment of the consideration thereof,
and entitling the purchaser upon certain conditions and at a certain
time thereafter to a deed or instrument of conveyance (called a tax
deed) of the land, to be executed by the proper officer.

TAXEL
Tax"el, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American badger.

TAXEOPODA
Tax`e*op"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An order of extinct Mammalia found in the Tertiary formations.

TAXER
Tax"er, n.

1. One who taxes.

2. One of two officers chosen yearly to regulate the assize of bread,
and to see the true gauge of weights and measures is observed. [Camb.
Univ., Eng.] [Written also taxor.]

TAXGATHERER
Tax"gath`er*er, n.

Defn: One who collects taxes or revenues.
 -- Tax"gath`er*ing, n.

TAXIARCH
Tax"i*arch, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: An Athenian military officer commanding a certain division of
an army. Milford.

TAXICORN
Tax"i*corn, n. Etym: [L. taxus a yew + cornu a horn: cf. F.
taxicorne.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a family of beetles (Taxicornes) whose antennæ are
largest at the tip. Also used adjectively.

TAXIDERMIC
Tax`i*der"mic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. taxidermique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the art of preparing and preserving the
skins of animals.

TAXIDERMIST
Tax"i*der`mist, n.

Defn: A person skilled in taxidermy.

TAXIDERMY
Tax"i*der`my, n. Etym: [Gr. taxidermie. See Tactics, Tear, v. t.]

Defn: The art of preparing, preserving, and mounting the skins of
animals so as to represent their natural appearance, as for cabinets.

TAXINE
Tax"ine, n. Etym: [L. taxus a yew.] (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous alkaloid of bitter taste extracted from the leaves
and seeds of the European yew (Taxus baccata). Called also
taxia.C35H47NO10

TAXIS
Tax"is, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: Manipulation applied to a hernial tumor, or to an intestinal
obstruction, for the purpose of reducing it. Dunglison.

TAXLESS
Tax"less, a.

Defn: Free from taxation.

TAXOLOGY
Tax*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Taxonomy.

TAXONOMIC
Tax`o*nom"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or involving, taxonomy, or the laws and
principles of classification; classificatory.

TAXONOMIST
Tax*on"o*mist, n.

Defn: One skilled in taxonomy.

TAXONOMY
Tax*on"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: That division of the natural sciences which treats of the
classification of animals and plants; the laws or principles of
classification.

TAXOR
Tax"or, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Same as Taxer, n., 2.

TAXPAYER
Tax"pay`er, n.

Defn: One who is assessed and pays a tax.

TAYLOR-WHITE PROCESS
Tay"lor-White" proc`ess. (Metal.)

Defn: A process (invented about 1899 by Frederick W. Taylor and
Maunsel B. White) for giving toughness to self-hardening steels. The
steel is heated almost to fusion, cooled to a temperature of from
700º to 850º C. in molten lead, further cooled in oil, reheated to
between 370º and 670º C., and cooled in air.

TAYRA
Tay"ra, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American carnivore (Galera barbara) allied to the
grison. The tail is long and thick. The length, including the tail,
is about three feet. [Written also taira.]

TAZEL
Ta"zel, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The teasel. [Obs.]

TAZZA
Taz"za, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: An ornamental cup or vase with a large, flat, shallow bowl,
resting on a pedestal and often having handles.

T CART
T" cart`.

Defn: See under T.

TCHAWYTCHA
Tcha*wy"tcha, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The quinnat salmon. [Local, U.S.]

TCHICK
Tchick, n. [Imitative.]

Defn: A slight sound such as that made by pressing the tongue against
the roof of the mouth and explosively sucking out the air at one
side, as in urging on a horse. -- v. i.

Defn: To make a tchick.

T CONNECTION
T connection. (Elec.)

Defn: The connection of two coils diagrammatically as a letter T,
chiefly used as a connection for passing transformers. When the three
free ends are connected to a source of three-phase current, two-phase
current may be derived from the secondary circuits. The reverse
arrangement may be used to transform from two-phase. -- T"-connected,
a.

TEA
Tea, n. Etym: [Chin. tsha, Prov. Chin. te: cf. F. thé.]

1. The prepared leaves of a shrub, or small tree (Thea, or Camellia,
Chinensis). The shrub is a native of China, but has been introduced
to some extent into some other countries.

Note: Teas are classed as green or black, according to their color or
appearance, the kinds being distinguished also by various other
characteristic differences, as of taste, odor, and the like. The
color, flavor, and quality are dependent upon the treatment which the
leaves receive after being gathered. The leaves for green tea are
heated, or roasted slightly, in shallow pans over a wood fire, almost
immediately after being gathered, after which they are rolled with
the hands upon a table, to free them from a portion of their
moisture, and to twist them, and are then quickly dried. Those
intended for black tea are spread out in the air for some time after
being gathered, and then tossed about with the hands until they
become soft and flaccid, when they are roasted for a few minutes, and
rolled, and having then been exposed to the air for a few hours in a
soft and moist state, are finally dried slowly over a charcoal fire.
The operation of roasting and rolling is sometimes repeated several
times, until the leaves have become of the proper color. The
principal sorts of green tea are Twankay, the poorest kind; Hyson
skin, the refuse of Hyson; Hyson, Imperial, and Gunpowder, fine
varieties; and Young Hyson, a choice kind made from young leaves
gathered early in the spring. Those of black tea are Bohea, the
poorest kind; Congou; Oolong; Souchong, one of the finest varieties;
and Pekoe, a fine-flavored kind, made chiefly from young spring buds.
See Bohea, Congou, Gunpowder tea, under Gunpowder, Hyson, Oolong, and
Souchong. K. Johnson. Tomlinson.

Note: "No knowledge of . . . [tea] appears to have reached Europe
till after the establishment of intercourse between Portugal and
China in 1517. The Portuguese, however, did little towards the
introduction of the herb into Europe, and it was not till the Dutch
established themselves at Bantam early in 17th century, that these
adventurers learned from the Chinese the habit of tea drinking, and
brought it to Europe." Encyc. Brit.

2. A decoction or infusion of tea leaves in boiling water; as, tea is
a common beverage.

3. Any infusion or decoction, especially when made of the dried
leaves of plants; as, sage tea; chamomile tea; catnip tea.

4. The evening meal, at which tea is usually served; supper. Arabian
tea, the leaves of Catha edulis; also (Bot.), the plant itself. See
Kat.
 -- Assam tea, tea grown in Assam, in India, originally brought there
from China about the year 1850.
 -- Australian, or Botany Bay, tea (Bot.), a woody clambing plant
(Smilax glycyphylla).
 -- Brazilian tea. (a) The dried leaves of Lantana pseodothea, used
in Brazil as a substitute for tea. (b) The dried leaves of
Stachytarpheta mutabilis, used for adulterating tea, and also, in
Austria, for preparing a beverage.
 -- Labrador tea. (Bot.) See under Labrador.
 -- New Jersey tea (Bot.), an American shrub, the leaves of which
were formerly used as a substitute for tea; redroot. See Redroot.
 -- New Zealand tea. (Bot.) See under New Zealand.
 -- Oswego tea. (Bot.) See Oswego tea.
 -- Paraguay tea, mate. See 1st Mate.
 -- Tea board, a board or tray for holding a tea set.
 -- Tea bug (Zoöl.), an hemipterous insect which injures the tea
plant by sucking the juice of the tender leaves.
 -- Tea caddy, a small box for holding tea.
 -- Tea chest, a small, square wooden case, usually lined with sheet
lead or tin, in which tea is imported from China.
 -- Tea clam (Zoöl.), a small quahaug. [Local, U.S.] -- Tea garden, a
public garden where tea and other refreshments are served.
 -- Tea plant (Bot.), any plant, the leaves of which are used in
making a beverage by infusion; specifically, Thea Chinensis, from
which the tea of commerce is obtained.
 -- Tea rose (Bot.), a delicate and graceful variety of the rose
(Rosa Indica, var. odorata), introduced from China, and so named from
its scent. Many varieties are now cultivated.
 -- Tea service, the appurtenances or utensils required for a tea
table, -- when of silver, usually comprising only the teapot, milk
pitcher, and sugar dish.
 -- Tea set, a tea service.
 -- Tea table, a table on which tea furniture is set, or at which tea
is drunk.
 -- Tea taster, one who tests or ascertains the quality of tea by
tasting.
 -- Tea tree (Bot.), the tea plant of China. See Tea plant, above.
 -- Tea urn, a vessel generally in the form of an urn or vase, for
supplying hot water for steeping, or infusing, tea.

TEA
Tea, v. i.

Defn: To take or drink tea. [Colloq.]

TEABERRY
Tea"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The checkerberry.

TEACH
Teach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Taught; p. pr. & vb. n. Teaching.] Etym:
[OE. techen, imp. taughte, tahte, AS. t, imp. t, to show, teach, akin
to tacn token. See Token.]

1. To impart the knowledge of; to give intelligence concerning; to
impart, as knowledge before unknown, or rules for practice; to
inculcate as true or important; to exhibit impressively; as, to teach
arithmetic, dancing, music, or the like; to teach morals.
If some men teach wicked things, it must be that others should
practice them. South.

2. To direct, as an instructor; to manage, as a preceptor; to guide
the studies of; to instruct; to inform; to conduct through a course
of studies; as, to teach a child or a class. "He taught his
disciples." Mark ix. 31.
The village master taught his little school. Goldsmith.

3. To accustom; to guide; to show; to admonish.
I shall myself to herbs teach you. Chaucer.
They have taught their tongue to speak lies. Jer. ix. 5.

Note: This verb is often used with two objects, one of the person,
the other of the thing; as, he taught me Latin grammar. In the
passive construction, either of these objects may be retained in the
objective case, while the other becomes the subject; as, I was taught
Latin grammar by him; Latin grammar was taught me by him.

Syn.
 -- To instruct; inform; inculcate; tell; guide; counsel; admonish.
See the Note under Learn.

TEACH
Teach, v. i.

Defn: To give instruction; to follow the business, or to perform the
duties, of a preceptor.
And gladly would he learn, and gladly teach. Chaucer.
The priests thereof teach for hire. Micah iii. 11.

TEACHABLE
Teach"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being taught; apt to learn; also, willing to receive
instruction; docile.
We ought to bring our minds free, unbiased, and teachable, to learn
our religion from the Word of God. I. Watts.

TEACHABLENESS
Teach"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Willingness to be taught.

TEACHE
Teache, n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. teaghaim, Gael. teasaich, to heat.] (Sugar
Works)

Defn: One of the series of boilers in which the cane juice is treated
in making sugar; especially, the last boiler of the series. Ure.

TEACHER
Teach"er, n.

1. One who teaches or instructs; one whose business or occupation is
to instruct others; an instructor; a tutor.

2. One who instructs others in religion; a preacher; a minister of
the gospel; sometimes, one who preaches without regular ordination.
The teachers in all the churches assembled. Sir W. Raleigh.

TEACHING
Teach"ing, n.

Defn: The act or business of instructing; also, that which is taught;
instruction.

Syn.
 -- Education; instruction; breeding. See Education.

TEACHLESS
Teach"less, a.

Defn: Not teachable. [R.] Shelley.

TEACUP
Tea"cup`, n.

Defn: A small cup from which to drink tea.

TEACUPFUL
Tea"cup`ful, n.; pl. Teacupfuls (.

Defn: As much as a teacup can hold; enough to fill a teacup.

TEAD; TEADE
Tead, Teade, n. Etym: [L. taeda, teda.]

Defn: A torch. [Obs.] "A burning teade." Spenser.

TEAGLE
Tea"gle, n. Etym: [Cf. Tackle.]

Defn: A hoisting apparatus; an elevator; a crane; a lift. [Prov.
Eng.]

TEAGUE
Teague, n. Etym: [Cf. W. taeog, taeawg, adj., rustic, rude, n., a
vassal, villain, pleasant, clown, Ir. th rural, boorish.]

Defn: An Irishman; -- a term used in contempt. Johnson.

TEAK
Teak, n. Etym: [Malayalm tekku.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tree of East Indies (Tectona grandis) which furnishes an
extremely strong and durable timber highly valued for shipbuilding
and other purposes; also, the timber of the tree. [Written also
teek.] African teak, a tree (Oldfieldia Africana) of Sierra Leone;
also, its very heavy and durable wood; -- called also African oak.
 -- New Zeland teak, a large tree (Vitex littoralis) of New Zeland;
also, its hard, durable timber.

TEAKETTLE
Tea"ket`tle, n.

Defn: A kettle in which water is boiled for making tea, coffee, etc.

TEAL
Teal, n. Etym: [OE. tele; akin to D. teling a generation, production,
teal, telen to breed, produce, and E. till to cultivate. The English
word probably once meant, a brood or flock. See Till to cultivate.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small fresh-water ducks of the
genus Anas and the subgenera Querquedula and Nettion. The male is
handsomely colored, and has a bright green or blue speculum on the
wings.

Note: The common European teal (Anas crecca) and the European blue-
winged teal, or garganey (A. querquedula or A. circia), are well-
known species. In America the blue-winged teal (A. discors), the
green-winged teal (A. Carolinensis), and the cinnamon teal (A.
cynaoptera) are common species, valued as game birds. See Garganey.
Goose teal, a goslet. See Goslet.
 -- Teal duck, the common European teal.

TEAM
Team, n. Etym: [OE. tem, team, AS. teám, offspring, progeny, race of
descendants, family; akin to D. toom a bridle, LG. toom progeny,
team, bridle, G. zaum a bridle, zeugen to beget, Icel. taumr to rein,
bridle, Dan. tömme, Sw. töm, and also to E. tow to drag, tug to draw.
*64. See Tug, and cf. Teem to bear.]

1. A group of young animals, especially of young ducks; a brood; a
litter.
A team of ducklings about her. Holland.

2. Hence, a number of animals moving together.
A long team of snowy swans on high. Dryden.

3. Two or more horses, oxen, or other beasts harnessed to the same
vehicle for drawing, as to a coach, wagon, sled, or the like. "A team
of dolphins." Spenser.
To take his team and till the earth. Piers Plowman.
It happened almost every day that coaches stuck fast, until a team of
cattle could be procured from some neighboring farm to tug them out
of the slough. Macaulay.

4. A number of persons associated together in any work; a gang;
especially, a number of persons selected to contend on one side in a
match, or a series of matches, in a cricket, football, rowing, etc.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flock of wild ducks.

6. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A royalty or privilege granted by royal charter to a lord of a
manor, of having, keeping, and judging in his court, his bondmen,
neifes, and villains, and their offspring, or suit, that is, goods
and chattels, and appurtenances thereto. Burrill.

TEAM
Team, v. i.

Defn: To engage in the occupation of driving a team of horses,
cattle, or the like, as in conveying or hauling lumber, goods, etc.;
to be a teamster. team up, to form one or more teams, either for a
common endeavor, or to compete in a contest.

TEAM
Team, v. t.

Defn: To convey or haul with a team; as, to team lumber. [R.]
Thoreau.

TEAMED
Teamed, a.

Defn: Yoked in, or as in, a team. [Obs.]
Let their teamed fishes softly swim. Spenser.

TEAMING
Team"ing, n.

1. The act or occupation of driving a team, or of hauling or
carrying, as logs, goods, or the like, with a team.

2. (Manuf.)

Defn: Contract work. [R.] Knight.

TEAMSTER
Team"ster, n.

Defn: One who drives a team.

TEAMWORK
Team"work`, n.

Defn: Work done by a team, as distinguished from that done by
personal labor.

TEAPOT
Tea"pot`, n.

Defn: A vessel with a spout, in which tea is made, and from which it
is poured into teacups.

TEAPOY
Tea"poy, n. Etym: [Hind. tipai; Hind. tin there + Per. pae foot.]

Defn: An ornamental stand, usually with three legs, having caddies
for holding tea.

TEAR
Tear, n. Etym: [AS. teár; akin to G. zärhe, OHG. zahar, OFries. &
Icel. tar, Sw. tår, Dan. taare, Goth. tagr, OIr. der, W. dagr, OW.
dacr, L. lacrima, lacruma, for older dacruma, Gr. Lachrymose.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: A drop of the limpid, saline fluid secreted, normally in small
amount, by the lachrymal gland, and diffused between the eye and the
eyelids to moisten the parts and facilitate their motion. Ordinarily
the secretion passes through the lachrymal duct into the nose, but
when it is increased by emotion or other causes, it overflows the
lids.
And yet for thee ne wept she never a tear. Chaucer.

2. Something in the form of a transparent drop of fluid matter; also,
a solid, transparent, tear-shaped drop, as of some balsams or resins.
Let Araby extol her happy coast, Her fragrant flowers, her trees with
precious tears. Dryden.

3. That which causes or accompanies tears; a lament; a dirge. [R.]
"Some melodous tear." Milton.

Note: Tear is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, tear-distilling, tear-drop, tear-filled, tear-stained,
and the like.

TEAR
Tear, v. t. [imp. Tore, ((Obs. Tare) (; p. p. Torn; p. pr. & vb. n.
Tearing.] Etym: [OE. teren, AS. teran; akin to OS. farterian to
destroy, D. teren to consume, G. zerren to pull, to tear, zehren to
consume, Icel. tæra, Goth. gataíran to destroy, Lith. dirti to flay,
Russ. drate to pull, to tear, Gr. dar to burst. *63. Cf. Darn,
Epidermis, Tarre, Tirade.]

1. To separate by violence; to pull apart by force; to rend; to
lacerate; as, to tear cloth; to tear a garment; to tear the skin or
flesh.
Tear him to pieces; he's a conspirator. Shak.

2. Hence, to divide by violent measures; to disrupt; to rend; as, a
party or government torn by factions.

3. To rend away; to force away; to remove by force; to sunder; as, a
child torn from its home.
The hand of fate Hath torn thee from me. Addison.

4. To pull with violence; as, to tear the hair.

5. To move violently; to agitate. "Once I loved torn ocean's roar."
Byron. To tear a cat, to rant violently; to rave; -- especially
applied to theatrical ranting. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- To tear down, to demolish violently; to pull or pluck down.
 -- To tear off, to pull off by violence; to strip.
 -- To tear out, to pull or draw out by violence; as, to tear out the
eyes.
 -- To tear up, to rip up; to remove from a fixed state by violence;
as, to tear up a floor; to tear up the foundation of government or
order.

TEAR
Tear, v. i.

1. To divide or separate on being pulled; to be rent; as, this cloth
tears easily.

2. To move and act with turbulent violence; to rush with violence;
hence, to rage; to rave.

TEAR
Tear, n.

Defn: The act of tearing, or the state of being torn; a rent; a
fissure. Macaulay. Wear and tear. See under Wear, n.

TEARER
Tear"er, n.

Defn: One who tears or rends anything; also, one who rages or raves
with violence.

TEAR-FALLING
Tear"-fall`ing, a.

Defn: Shedding tears; tender. [Poetic] "Tear-falling pity." Shak.

TEARFUL
Tear"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding with tears; weeping; shedding tears; as, tearful
eyes.
 -- Tear"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Tear"ful*ness, n.

TEARLESS
Tear"less, a.

Defn: Shedding no tears; free from tears; unfeeling.
 -- Tear"less*ly, adv.
 -- Tear"less*ness, n.

TEARPIT
Tear"pit`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A cavity or pouch beneath the lower eyelid of most deer and
antelope; the lachrymal sinus; larmier. It is capable of being opened
at pleasure and secretes a waxy substance.

TEAR-THUMB
Tear"-thumb`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several species of plants of the genus
Polygonum, having angular stems beset with minute reflexed prickles.

TEARY
Tear"y, a.

1. Wet with tears; tearful.

2. Consisting of tears, or drops like tears.

TEA-SAUCER
Tea"-sau`cer, n.

Defn: A small saucer in which a teacup is set.

TEASE
Tease, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Teased; p. pr. & vb. n. Teasing.] Etym:
[AS. t to pluck, tease; akin to OD. teesen, MHG. zeisen, Dan. tæse,
tæsse. *58. Cf. Touse.]

1. To comb or card, as wool or flax. "Teasing matted wool."
Wordsworth.

2. To stratch, as cloth, for the purpose of raising a nap; teasel.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: To tear or separate into minute shreds, as with needles or
similar instruments.

4. To vex with importunity or impertinence; to harass, annoy,
disturb, or irritate by petty requests, or by jests and raillery; to
plague. Cowper.
He . . . suffered them to tease him into acts directly opposed to his
strongest inclinations. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- To vex; harass: annoy; disturb; irritate; plague; torment;
mortify; tantalize; chagrin.
 -- Tease, Vex. To tease is literally to pull or scratch, and implies
a prolonged annoyance in respect to little things, which is often
more irritating, and harder to bear, than severe pain. Vex meant
originally to seize and bear away hither and thither, and hence, to
disturb; as, to vex the ocean with storms. This sense of the term now
rarely occurs; but vex is still a stronger word than tease, denoting
the disturbance or anger created by minor provocations, losses,
disappointments, etc. We are teased by the buzzing of a fly in our
eyes; we are vexed by the carelessness or stupidity of our servants.
Not by the force of carnal reason, But indefatigable teasing.
Hudibras.
In disappointments, where the affections have been strongly placed,
and the expectations sanguine, particularly where the agency of
others is concerned, sorrow may degenerate into vexation and chagrin.
Cogan.
Tease tenon (Joinery), a long tenon at the top of a post to receive
two beams crossing each other one above the other.

TEASE
Tease, n.

Defn: One who teases or plagues. [Colloq.]

TEASEL
Tea"sel, n. Etym: [OE. tesel, AS. t, t, the fuller's herb. See
Tease.] [Written also tassel, tazel, teasle, teazel, and teazle.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Dipsacus, of which one species (D.
fullonum) bears a large flower head covered with stiff, prickly,
hooked bracts. This flower head, when dried, is used for raising a
nap on woolen cloth.

Note: Small teasel is Dipsacus pilosus, wild teasel is D. sylvestris.

2. A bur of this plant.

3. Any contrivance intended as a substitute for teasels in dressing
cloth. Teasel frame, a frame or set of iron bars in which teasel
heads are fixed for raising the nap on woolen cloth.

TEASEL
Tea"sel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Teaseled or Teaselled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Teaseling or Teaselling.]

Defn: To subject, as woolen cloth, to the action of teasels, or any
substitute for them which has an effect to raise a nap.

TEASELER
Tea"sel*er, n.

Defn: One who uses teasels for raising a nap on cloth. [Written also
teaseller, teasler.]

TEASELING
Tea"sel*ing, n.

Defn: The cutting and gathering of teasels; the use of teasels.
[Written also teaselling, teazling.]

TEASER
Teas"er, n.

1. One who teases or vexes.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A jager gull. [Prov. Eng.]

TEASLE
Tea"sle, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Teasel.

TEASPOON
Tea"spoon`, n.

Defn: A small spoon used in stirring and sipping tea, coffee, etc.,
and for other purposes.

TEASPOONFUL
Tea"spoon`ful, n.; pl. Teaspoonfuls (.

Defn: As much as teaspoon will hold; enough to fill a teaspoon; --
usually reckoned at a fluid dram or one quarter of a tablespoonful.

TEAT
Teat, n. Etym: [OE. tete, titte, AS. tit, titt; akin to LG. & OD.
titte, D. tet, G. zitze: cf. F. tette, probably of Teutonic origin.]

1. The protuberance through which milk is drawn from the udder or
breast of a mammal; a nipple; a pap; a mammilla; a dug; a tit.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A small protuberance or nozzle resembling the teat of an
animal.

TEATED
Teat"ed, a.

Defn: Having protuberances resembling the teat of an animal.

TEATHE
Teathe, n. & v.

Defn: See Tath. [Prov. Eng.]

TEATISH
Teat"ish, a.

Defn: Peevish; tettish; fretful; -- said of a child. See Tettish.
[Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

TEAZE-HOLE
Teaze"-hole`, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. F. tisard fire door.] (Glass
Works)

Defn: The opening in the furnaces through which fuel is introduced.

TEAZEL
Tea"zel, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Teasel.

TEAZER
Tea"zer, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. F. tiser to feed a fire.]

Defn: The stoker or fireman of a furnace, as in glass works.
Tomlinson.

TEAZLE
Tea"zle, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Teasel.

TEBETH
Te"beth, n. Etym: [Heb.]

Defn: The tenth month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, answering to
a part of December with a part of January. Esther ii. 16.

TECHILY
Tech"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a techy manner.

TECHINESS
Tech"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being techy.

TECHNIC
Tech"nic, a.

Defn: Technical.

TECHNIC
Tech"nic, n. Etym: [See Technical, a.]

1. The method of performance in any art; technical skill; artistic
execution; technique.
They illustrate the method of nature, not the technic of a manlike
Artificer. Tyndall.

2. pl.

Defn: Technical terms or objects; things pertaining to the practice
of an art or science.

TECHNICAL
Tech"nic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. text: cf. F. technique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the useful or mechanic arts, or to any
science, business, or the like; specially appropriate to any art,
science, or business; as, the words of an indictment must be
technical. Blackstone.

TECHNICALITY
Tech`ni*cal"i*ty, n.; pl. Technicalities (.

1. The quality or state of being technical; technicalness.

2. That which is technical, or peculiar to any trade, profession,
sect, or the like.
The technicalities of the sect. Palfrey.

TECHNICALLY
Tech"nic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a technical manner; according to the signification of terms
as used in any art, business, or profession.

TECHNICALNESS
Tech"nic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being technical; technicality.

TECHNICALS
Tech"nic*als, n. pl.

Defn: Those things which pertain to the practical part of an art,
science, or profession; technical terms; technics.

TECHNICIAN
Tech*ni"cian, n.

Defn: A technicist; esp., one skilled particularly in the technical
details of his work.

TECHNICIST
Tech"ni*cist, n.

Defn: One skilled to technics or in one or more of the practical
arts.

TECHNICOLOGICAL
Tech`ni*co*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Technological; technical. [R.] Dr. J. Scott.

TECHNICOLOGY
Tech`ni*col"o*gy, n.

Defn: Technology. [R.]

TECHNICS
Tech"nics, n.

Defn: The doctrine of arts in general; such branches of learning as
respect the arts.

TECHNIPHONE
Tech"ni*phone, n. [Gr.  art + -phone.] (Music)

Defn: A dumb gymnastic apparatus for training the hands of pianists
and organists, as to a legato touch.

TECHNIQUE
Tech`nique", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Same as Technic, n.

TECHNISM
Tech"nism, n.

Defn: Technicality.

TECHNOGRAPHY
Tech*nog"ra*phy, n. [Gr.  art, skill, craft + graph.]

Defn: Description of the arts and  crafts of tribes and peoples. --
Tech`no*graph"ic, Tech`no*graph"ic*al (#), a.

TECHNOLOGIC
Tech`no*log"ic, a.

Defn: Technological.

TECHNOLOGICAL
Tech`no*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. technologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to technology.

TECHNOLOGIST
Tech*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One skilled in technology; one who treats of arts, or of the
terms of arts.

TECHNOLOGY
Tech*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy; cf. Gr. technologie.]

Defn: Industrial science; the science of systematic knowledge of the
industrial arts, especially of the more important manufactures, as
spinning, weaving, metallurgy, etc.

Note: Technology is not an independent science, having a set of
doctrines of its own, but consists of applications of the principles
established in the various physical sciences (chemistry, mechanics,
mineralogy, etc.) to manufacturing processes. Internat. Cyc.

TECHY
Tech"y, a. Etym: [From OE. tecche, tache, a habit, bad habit, vice,
OF. tache, teche, a spot, stain, blemish, habit, vice, F. tache a
spot, blemish; probably akin to E. tack a small nail. See Tack a
small nail, and cf. Touchy.]

Defn: Peevish; fretful; irritable.

TECTIBRANCH
Tec`ti*branch, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Tectibranchiata. Also used adjectively.

TECTIBRANCHIA
Tec`ti*bran"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Same as Tectibranchiata.

TECTIBRANCHIATA
Tec`ti*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. tectus (p.p. of
tegere to cover) + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order, or suborder, of gastropod Mollusca in which the gills
are usually situated on one side of the back, and protected by a fold
of the mantle. When there is a shell, it is usually thin and delicate
and often rudimentary. The aplysias and the bubble shells are
examples.

TECTIBRANCHIATE
Tec`ti*bran"chi*ate, a. Etym: [L. tectus (p.p. of tegere to cover) +
E. branchiate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the gills covered by the mantle; of or pertaining to the
Tectibranchiata.
 -- n.

Defn: A tectibranchiate mollusk.

TECTLY
Tect"ly, adv. Etym: [L. tectus covered, fr. tegere to cover.]

Defn: Covertly; privately; secretly. [Obs.] Holinshed.

TECTOLOGY
Tec*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Biol.)

Defn: A division of morphology created by Haeckel; the science of
organic individuality constituting the purely structural portion of
morphology, in which the organism is regarded as composed of organic
individuals of different orders, each organ being considered an
individual. See Promorphology, and Morphon.

TECTONIC
Tec*ton"ic, a. Etym: [L. tectonicus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to building or construction; architectural.

TECTONICS
Tec*ton"ics, n.

Defn: The science, or the art, by which implements, vessels,
dwellings, or other edifices, are constructed, both agreeably to the
end for which they are designed, and in conformity with artistic
sentiments and ideas.

TECTORIAL
Tec*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. tectorius.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to covering; -- applied to a membrane
immediately over the organ of Corti in the internal ear.

TECTRICES
Tec"tri*ces, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. tegere, tectum, to cover.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The wing coverts of a bird. See Covert, and Illust. of Bird.

TECUM
Te"cum, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Tucum.

TED
Ted, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tedded; p. pr. & vb. n. Tedding.] Etym:
[Prob. fr. Icel. te to spread manure, fr. ta manure; akin to MHG.
zetten to scatter, spread. *58. Cf. Teathe.]

Defn: To spread, or turn from the swath, and scatter for drying, as
new-mowed grass; -- chiefly used in the past participle.
The smell of grain or tedded grass. Milton.
The tedded hay and corn sheaved in one field. Coleridge.

TEDDER
Ted"der, n.

Defn: A machine for stirring and spreading hay, to expedite its
drying.

TEDDER
Ted"der, n. Etym: [OE. *64. See Tether.]

Defn: Same as Tether.

TEDDER
Ted"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Teddered; p. pr. & vb. n. Teddering.]

Defn: Same as Tether.

TEDESCO
Te*des"co, a.; pl. Tedeschi (#). [It., of Germanic origin. See
Dutch.]

Defn: German; -- used chiefly of art, literature, etc.

TE DEUM
Te` De"um. Etym: [L., from te (accus. of tu thou) + Deum, accus. of
Deus God. See Thou, and Deity.]

1. An ancient and celebrated Christian hymn, of uncertain authorship,
but often ascribed to St. Ambrose; -- so called from the first words
"Te Deum laudamus." It forms part of the daily matins of the Roman
Catholic breviary, and is sung on all occasions of thanksgiving. In
its English form, commencing with words, "We praise thee, O God," it
forms a part of the regular morning service of the Church of England
and the Protestant Episcopal Church in America.

2. A religious service in which the singing of the hymn forms a
principal part.

TEDGE
Tedge, n. (Founding)

Defn: The gate of a mold, through which the melted metal is poured;
runner, geat.

TEDIOSITY
Te`di*os"i*ty, n.

Defn: Tediousness. [Obs.]

TEDIOUS
Te"di*ous, a. Etym: [L. taediosus, fr. taedium. See Tedium.]

Defn: Involving tedium; tiresome from continuance, prolixity,
slowness, or the like; wearisome.
 -- Te"di*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Te"di*ous*ness, n.
I see a man's life is a tedious one. Shak.
I would not be tedious to the court. Bunyan.

Syn.
 -- Wearisome; fatiguing. See Irksome.

TEDIUM
Te"di*um, n. Etym: [L. taedium, fr. taedet it disgusts, it wearies
one.]

Defn: Irksomeness; wearisomeness; tediousness. [Written also tædium.]
Cowper.
To relieve the tedium, he kept plying them with all manner of bams.
Prof. Wilson.
The tedium of his office reminded him more strongly of the willing
scholar, and his thoughts were rambling. Dickens.

TEE
Tee, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. tja to show, mark.]
(a) The mark aimed at in curling and in quoits.
(b) The nodule of earth from which the ball is struck in golf.

TEE
Tee, n.

Defn: A short piece of pipe having a lateral outlet, used to connect
a line of pipe with a pipe at a right angle with the line; -- so
called because it resembles the letter T in shape.

TEEING GROUND
Teeing ground. (Golf)

Defn: The space from within which the ball must be struck in
beginning the play for each hole.

TEE IRON
Tee" i`ron.

Defn: See T iron, under T.

TEEK
Teek, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Teak. [Obs.]

TEEL
Teel, n.

Defn: Sesame. [Sometimes written til.] Teel oil, sesame oil.

TEELSEED
Teel"seed`, n.

Defn: The seed of sesame.

TEEM
Teem, v. t. Etym: [Icel. tæma to empty, from tomr empty; akin to Dan.
tömme to empty, Sw. tömma. See Toom to empty.]

1. To pour; -- commonly followed by out; as, to teem out ale. [Obs.
or Prov. Eng.] Swift.

2. (Steel Manuf.)

Defn: To pour, as steel, from a melting pot; to fill, as a mold, with
molten metal.

TEEM
Teem, v. t. Etym: [See Tame, a., and cf. Beteem.]

Defn: To think fit. [Obs. or R.] G. Gifford.

TEEM
Teem, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Teemed; p. pr. & vb. n. Teeming.] Etym:
[OE. temen, AS. teman, t, from teám. See Team.]

1. To bring forth young, as an animal; to produce fruit, as a plant;
to bear; to be pregnant; to conceive; to multiply.
If she must teem, Create her child of spleen. Shak.

2. To be full, or ready to bring forth; to be stocked to overflowing;
to be prolific; to abound.
His mind teeming with schemes of future deceit to cover former
villainy. Sir W. Scott.
The young, brimful of the hopes and feeling which teem in our time.
F. Harrison.

TEEM
Teem, v. t.

Defn: To produce; to bring forth. [R.]
That [grief] of an hour's age doth hiss the speaker; Each minute
teems a new one. Shak.

TEEMER
Teem"er, n.

Defn: One who teems, or brings forth.

TEEMFUL
Teem"ful, a.

1. Pregnant; prolific. [Obs.]

2. Brimful. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

TEEMING
Teem"ing, a.

Defn: Prolific; productive.
Teeming buds and cheerful appear. Dryden.

TEEMLESS
Teem"less, a.

Defn: Not fruitful or prolific; barren; as, a teemless earth.
[Poetic] Dryden.

TEEN
Teen, n. Etym: [OE. tene, AS. teóna reproach, wrong, fr. teón to
accuse; akin to G. zeihen, Goth. gateihan to tell, announce, L.
dicere to say. See Token.]

Defn: Grief; sorrow; affiction; pain. [Archaic] Chaucer. Spenser.
With public toil and private teen Thou sank'st alone. M. Arnold.

TEEN
Teen, v. t. Etym: [AS. teónian, t, to slander, vex. *64. See Teen,
n.]

Defn: To excite; to provoke; to vex; to affict; to injure. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.

TEEN
Teen, v. t. Etym: [See Tine to shut.]

Defn: To hedge or fence in; to inclose. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

TEENAGE
Teen"age, n.

Defn: The longer wood for making or mending fences. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

TEEND
Teend, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Tinder.]

Defn: To kindle; to burn. [Obs.] Herrick.

TEENFUL
Teen"ful, a.

Defn: Full of teen; harmful; grievous; grieving; afflicted. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.

TEENS
Teens, n. pl. Etym: [See Ten.]

Defn: The years of one's age having the termination -teen, beginning
with thirteen and ending with nineteen; as, a girl in her teens.

TEENY
Tee"ny, a.

Defn: Very small; tiny. [Colloq.]

TEENY
Teen"y, a. Etym: [See Teen grief.]

Defn: Fretful; peevish; pettish; cross. [Prov. Eng.]

TEEONG
Tee*ong", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The mino bird.

TEEST
Teest, n.

Defn: A tinsmith's stake, or small anvil.

TEESWATER
Tees"wa`ter, n. [From the river Tees, northern England.]

1. A breed of cattle formerly bred in England, but supposed to have
originated in Holland and to have been the principal stock from which
the shorthorns were derived.

2.  An old English breed of sheep allied to the Leicester.

TEETAN
Tee"tan, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A pipit. [Prov. Eng.]

TEETEE
Tee"tee, n. Etym: [Sp. tití.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small, soft-furred South American
monkeys belonging to Callithrix, Chrysothrix, and allied genera; as,
the collared teetee (Callithrix torquatus), and the squirrel teetee
(Chrysothrix sciurea). Called also pinche, titi, and saimiri. See
Squirrel monkey, under Squirrel.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A diving petrel of Australia (Halodroma wrinatrix).

TEETER
Tee"ter, v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Teetered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Teetering.] Etym: [Prov. E. titter to tremble, to seesaw; cf. Icel.
titra to tremble, OHG. zittaron, G. zittern.]

Defn: To move up and down on the ends of a balanced plank, or the
like, as children do for sport; to seesaw; to titter; to titter-
totter. [U. S.]
[The bobolink] alit upon the flower, and teetered up and down. H. W.
Beecher.

TEETER-TAIL
Tee"ter-tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The spotted sandpiper. See the Note under Sandpiper.

TEETH
Teeth, n.,

Defn: pl. of Tooth.

TEETH
Teeth, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Teethed; p. pr. & vb. n. Teething.]

Defn: To breed, or grow, teeth.

TEETHING
Teeth"ing, n.

Defn: The process of the first growth of teeth, or the phenomena
attending their issue through the gums; dentition.

TEETOTAL
Tee*to"tal, a.

Defn: Entire; total. [Colloq.]

TEETOTALER
Tee*to"tal*er, n.

Defn: One pledged to entire abstinence from all intoxicating drinks.

TEETOTALISM
Tee*to"tal*ism, n.

Defn: The principle or practice of entire abstinence, esp. from
intoxicating drinks.

TEETOTALLY
Tee*to"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: Entirely; totally. [Colloq.]

TEETOTUM
Tee*to"tum, n. Etym: [For T-totum. It was used for playing games of
chance, and was four-sided, one side having the letter T on it,
standing for Latin totum all, meaning, take all that is staked,
whence the name. The other three sides each had a letter indicating
an English or Latin word; as P meaning put down, N nothing or L. nil,
H half. See Total.]

Defn: A child's toy, somewhat resembling a top, and twirled by the
fingers.
The staggerings of the gentleman . . . were like those of a teetotum
nearly spent. Dickens.

TEE-TO-TUM
Tee-to"-tum, n. [Cf. Teetotaler.]

Defn: A workingmen's resort conducted under religious influences as a
counteractant to the drinking saloon. [Colloq. or Cant]

TEETUCK
Tee"tuck, n.

Defn: The rock pipit. [Prov. Eng.]

TEEUCK
Tee"uck, n.

Defn: The lapwing. [Prov. Eng.]

TEEWIT
Tee"wit, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pewit. [Prov. Eng.]

TEG
Teg, n.

Defn: A sheep in its second year; also, a doe in its second year.
[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

TEGMEN
Teg"men, n.; pl. Tegmina. Etym: [L., fr. tegere, tectum, to cover.]

1. A tegument or covering.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The inner layer of the coating of a seed, usually thin and
delicate; the endopleura.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the elytra of an insect, especially of certain
Orthoptera.

4. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Tectrices.

TEGMENTAL
Teg*men"tal, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tegument or tegmentum; as, the tegmental
layer of the epiblast; the tegmental cells of the taste buds.

TEGMENTUM
Teg*men"tum, n.; pl. Tegmenta. Etym: [L., a covering.] (Anat.)

Defn: A covering; -- applied especially to the bundles of
longitudinal fibers in the upper part of the crura of the cerebrum.

TEGUEXIN
Te*guex"in, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large South American lizard (Tejus teguexin). It becomes
three or four feet long, and is blackish above, marked with yellowish
spots of various sizes. It feeds upon fruits, insects, reptiles,
young birds, and birds' eggs. The closely allied species Tejus
rufescens is called red teguexin.

TEGULA
Teg"u*la, n.; pl. Tegulæ. Etym: [L., a tile, dim. fr. tegere to
cover.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small appendage situated above the base of the wings of
Hymenoptera and attached to the mesonotum.

TEGULAR
Teg"u*lar, a. Etym: [LL. tegularis, from L. tegula a tile. See Tile.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tile; resembling a tile, or arranged like
tiles; consisting of tiles; as, a tegular pavement.
 -- Teg"u*lar*ly, adv.

TEGULATED
Teg`u*la"ted, a.

Defn: Composed of small plates, as of horn or metal, overlapping like
tiles; -- said of a kind of ancient armor. Fairholt.

TEGUMENT
Teg"u*ment, n. Etym: [L. tegumentum, from tegere to cover. See
Thatch, n., and cf. Detect, Protect.]

1. A cover or covering; an integument.

2. Especially, the covering of a living body, or of some part or
organ of such a body; skin; hide.

TEGUMENTARY
Teg`u*men"ta*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. tégumentaire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tegument or teguments; consisting of
teguments; serving as a tegument or covering.

TE-HEE
Te-hee", n. & interj.

Defn: A tittering laugh; a titter. "'Te-hee,' quoth she." Chaucer.

TE-HEE
Te-hee", v. i.

Defn: To titter; to laugh derisively.
She cried, "Come, come; you must not look grave upon me." Upon this,
I te-heed. Madame D'Arblay.

TEIL
Teil, n. Etym: [OF. teil, til, L. tilia.] (Bot.)

Defn: The lime tree, or linden; -- called also teil tree.

TEIND
Teind, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. tiund. See Tithe.]

Defn: A tithe. [Scot.] Jamieson.

TEINE
Teine, n.

Defn: See Teyne. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TEINLAND
Tein"land, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: Land granted by the crown to a thane or lord. Burrill.

TEINOSCOPE
Tei"no*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument formed by combining prisms so as to correct the
chromatic aberration of the light while linear dimensions of objects
seen through the prisms are increased or diminished; -- called also
prism telescope. Sir D. Brewster.

TEINT
Teint, n. Etym: [F. teint, teinte. See Tint.]

Defn: Tint; color; tinge, See Tint. [Obs.]
Time shall . . . embrown the teint. Dryden.

TEINTURE
Tein"ture, n. Etym: [F. See Tincture.]

Defn: Color; tinge; tincture. [Obs.] Holland.

TEK
Tek, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Siberian ibex.

TELAMONES
Tel`a*mo"nes, n. pl. Etym: [L., pl. of telamo or telamon, Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Atlantes.

TELANGIECTASIS
Tel*an`gi*ec"ta*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Dilatation of the capillary vessels.

TELANGIECTASY
Tel*an`gi*ec"ta*sy, n. (Med.)

Defn: Telangiectasis.

TELARLY
Te"lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a weblike manner. [Obs.] "Telarly interwoven." Sir T.
Browne.

TELARY
Te"la*ry, a. Etym: [LL. telaris, fr. L. tela a web. See Toil a
snare.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a web; hence, spinning webs; retiary.
"Pictures of telary spiders." Sir T. Browne.

TELAUTOGRAM
Tel*au"to*gram, n.

Defn: A message transmitted and recorded by a teleautograph.

TELAUTOGRAPH
Tel*au"to*graph, n. [Gr. th e far + autograph.]

Defn: A facsimile telegraph for reproducing writing, pictures, maps,
etc. In the transmitter the motions of the pencil are communicated by
levers to two rotary shafts, by which variations in current are
produced in two separate circuits. In the receiver these variations
are utilized by electromagnetic devices and levers to move a pen as
the pencil moves. --Tel`au*tog"ra*phist (#), n.

TELECHIROGRAPH
Tel`e*chi"ro*graph, n. [Gr. th e far + chei`r, cheiro`s, hand + -
graph.]

Defn: An instrument for  telegraphically transmitting and receiving
handwritten messages, as photographically by a beam of light from a
mirror.

TELEDU
Tel"e*du, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian carnivore (Mydaus meliceps) allied to the
badger, and noted for the very offensive odor that it emits, somewhat
resembling that of a skunk. It is a native of the high mountains of
Java and Sumatra, and has long, silky fur. Called also stinking
badger, and stinkard.

TELEGA
Te*le"ga, n. [Russ. telyega.]

Defn: A rude four-wheeled, springless wagon, used among the Russians.

TELEGONY
Te*leg"o*ny, n. [Gr. th e far + root of  Gr.  to be born.] (Biol.)

Defn: The supposed influence of a father upon offspring subsequent to
his own, begotten of the same mother by another father. --
Te*leg"o*nous (#), a.

TELEGRAM
Tel"e*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. -gram.]

Defn: A message sent by telegraph; a telegraphic dispatch.

Note: "A friend desires us to give notice that he will ask leave, at
some convenient time, to introduce a new word into the vocabulary. It
is telegram, instead of telegraphic dispatch, or telegraphic
communication." Albany [N. Y.] Evening Journal (April 6, 1852).

TELEGRAMMIC
Tel`e*gram*mic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a telegram; laconic; concise;
brief. [R.]

TELEGRAPH
Tel"e*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. toli) + -graph: cf. F. télégraphe. See
Graphic.]

Defn: An apparatus, or a process, for communicating intelligence
rapidly between distant points, especially by means of preconcerted
visible or audible signals representing words or ideas, or by means
of words and signs, transmitted by electrical action.

Note: The instruments used are classed as indicator, type-printing,
symbol-printing, or chemical-printing telegraphs, according as the
intelligence is given by the movements of a pointer or indicator, as
in Cooke & Wheatstone's (the form commonly used in England), or by
impressing, on a fillet of paper, letters from types, as in House's
and Hughe's, or dots and marks from a sharp point moved by a magnet,
as in Morse's, or symbols produced by electro-chemical action, as in
Bain's. In the offices in the United States the recording instrument
is now little used, the receiving operator reading by ear the
combinations of long and short intervals of sound produced by the
armature of an electro-magnet as it is put in motion by the opening
and breaking of the circuit, which motion, in registering
instruments, traces upon a ribbon of paper the lines and dots used to
represent the letters of the alphabet. See Illustration in Appendix.
Acoustic telegraph. See under Acoustic.
 -- Dial telegraph, a telegraph in which letters of the alphabet and
numbers or other symbols are placed upon the border of a circular
dial plate at each station, the apparatus being so arranged that the
needle or index of the dial at the receiving station accurately
copies the movements of that at the sending station.
 -- Electric telegraph, or Electro-magnetic telegraph, a telegraph in
which an operator at one station causes words or signs to be made at
another by means of a current of electricity, generated by a battery
and transmitted over an intervening wire.
 -- Facsimile telegraph. See under Facsimile.
 -- Indicator telegraph. See under Indicator.
 -- Pan-telegraph, an electric telegraph by means of which a drawing
or writing, as an autographic message, may be exactly reproduced at a
distant station.
 -- Printing telegraph, an electric telegraph which automatically
prints the message as it is received at a distant station, in
letters, not signs.
 -- Signal telegraph, a telegraph in which preconcerted signals, made
by a machine, or otherwise, at one station, are seen or heard and
interpreted at another; a semaphore.
 -- Submarine telegraph cable, a telegraph cable laid under water to
connect stations separated by a body of water.
 -- Telegraph cable, a telegraphic cable consisting of several
conducting wires, inclosed by an insulating and protecting material,
so as to bring the wires into compact compass for use on poles, or to
form a strong cable impervious to water, to be laid under ground, as
in a town or city, or under water, as in the ocean.
 -- Telegraph plant (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Desmodium gyrans)
native of the East Indies. The leaflets move up and down like the
signals of a semaphore.

TELEGRAPH
Tel"e*graph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Telegraphed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Telegraphing.] Etym: [F. télégraphier.]

Defn: To convey or announce by telegraph.

TELEGRAPHER
Te*leg"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who sends telegraphic messages; a telegraphic operator; a
telegraphist.

TELEGRAPHIC
Tel`e*graph"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. télégraphique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the telegraph; made or communicated by a
telegraph; as, telegraphic signals; telegraphic art; telegraphic
intelligence.

TELEGRAPHICAL
Tel`e*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Telegraphic.
 -- Tel`e*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

TELEGRAPHIST
Te*leg"ra*phist, n.

Defn: One skilled in telegraphy; a telegrapher.

TELEGRAPHONE
Te*leg"ra*phone, n. [Gr. th e far + -graph +  sound.]

Defn: An instrument for recording and reproducing sound by local
magnetization of a steel wire, disk, or ribbon, moved against the
pole of a magnet connected electrically with a telephone receiver, or
the like.

TELEGRAPHOSCOPE
Tel`e*graph"o*scope, n. [Gr. th e  far + -graph + -scope.]

Defn: An instrument for telegraphically transmitting a picture and
reproducing its image as a positive or negative. The transmitter
includes a camera obscura and a row of minute selenium cells. The
receiver includes an oscillograph, ralay, equilibrator, and an
induction coil the sparks from which perforate a paper with tiny
holes that form the image.

TELEGRAPH PLANT
Telegraph plant.

Defn: An East Indian tick trefoil (Meibomia gyrans), whose lateral
leaflets jerk up and down like the arms of a semaphore, and also
rotate on their axes.

TELEGRAPHY
Te*leg"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. télégraphie.]

Defn: The science or art of constructing, or of communicating by
means of, telegraphs; as, submarine telegraphy.

TELEHYDROBAROMETER
Tel`e*hy`dro*ba*rom"e*ter, n. [Gr. th e far + hydrobarometer.]

Defn: An instrument for indicating the level of water in a distant
tank or reservior.

TELE-ICONOGRAPH
Tel`e-i*con"o*graph, n. [Gr. th e far + iconograph.]

1. An instrument essentially the same as the telemetrograph.

2.  A form of facsimile telegraph.

TEL-EL-AMARNA
Tel`-el-A*mar"na, n. [Ar., hill of Amarna.]

Defn: A station on the Nile, midway between Thebes and Memphis,
forming the site of the capital of Amenophis IV., whose archive
chamber was discovered there in 1887. A collection of tablets (called
the Tel-el-Amarna, or the Amarna, tablets) was found here, forming
the Asiatic correspondence (Tel-el-Amarna letters) of Amenophis IV.
and his father, Amenophis III., written in cuneiform characters. It
is an important source of our knowledge of Asia from about 1400 to
1370 b. c..

TELELECTRIC
Tel`e*lec"tric, a. [Gr. th e far + electric.] (Elec.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to transmission, as of music, to a distance by
electricity.

TELELECTROSCOPE
Tel`e*lec"tro*scope, n. [Gr. th e far + electro- + -scope.]

Defn: Any apparatus for making distant objects visible by the aid of
electric transmission.

TELEMECHANIC
Tel`e*me*chan"ic, a. [Gr. th e far + mechanic.]

Defn: Designating, or pert. to, any device for operating mechanisms
at a distance. --Tel`e*mech"a*nism (#), n.

TELEMETEOROGRAPH
Tel`e*me`te*or"o*graph, n. [Gr. th e far + meteorograph.]

Defn: Any apparatus recording meteorological phenomena at a distance
from the measuring apparatus, as by electricity or by compressed air;
esp., an apparatus recording conditions at many distant stations at a
central office. -- Tel`e*me`te*or*o*graph"ic (#), a.

TELEMETER
Te*lem"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument used for measuring the distance of an object from
an observer; as, a telescope with a micrometer for measuring the
apparent diameter of an object whose real dimensions are known.

TELEMETROGRAPH
Tel`e*met"ro*graph, n. [Gr. th e far + me`tron measure + -graph.]

Defn: A combination of the camera lucida and telescope for drawing
and measuring distant objects. -- Tel`e*me*trog"ra*phy (#), n. --
Tel`e*met`ro*graph"ic (#), a.

TELEMOTOR
Tel`e*mo"tor, n. [Gr. th e far + motor.] (Naut.)

Defn: A hydraulic device by which the movement of the wheel on the
bridge operates the steering gear at the stern.

TELENERGY
Tel*en"er*gy, n. [Gr. th e far + energy.]

Defn: Display of force or energy at a distance, or without contact; -
- applied to mediumistic phenomena. -- Tel`en*er"gic (#), a.

TELENGISCOPE
Te*len"gi*scope, n. [Gr. th e far +  near + -scope.] (Optics)

Defn: An instrument of such focal length that it may be used as an
observing telescope for objects close at hand or as a long-focused
microscope.

TELEOCEPHIAL
Te`le*o*ceph"i*al, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive order of bony fishes including most of the common
market species, as bass, salmon, cod, perch, etc.

TELEOLOGICAL
Te`le*o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. téléologique.] (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to teleology, or the doctrine of design.
 -- Te`le*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

TELEOLOGIST
Te`le*ol"o*gist, n. (Biol.)

Defn: One versed in teleology.

TELEOLOGY
Te`le*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. teleos, the end or issue + -logy: cf. F.
téléologie.]

Defn: The doctrine of the final causes of things; specif. (Biol.),

Defn: the doctrine of design, which assumes that the phenomena of
organic life, particularly those of evolution, are explicable only by
purposive causes, and that they in no way admit of a mechanical
explanation or one based entirely on biological science; the doctrine
of adaptation to purpose.

TELEOPHORE
Te"le*o*phore`, n. Etym: [Gr. teleos complete + (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Gonotheca.

TELEORGANIC
Te`le*or*gan"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. teleos complete + E. organic.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: Vital; as, teleorganic functions.

TELEOSAUR
Te`le*o*saur", n. (Paleon.)

Defn: Any one of several species of fossil suarians belonging to
Teleosaurus and allied genera. These reptiles are related to the
crocodiles, but have biconcave vertebræ.

TELEOSAURUS
Te`le*o*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct crocodilian reptiles of the Jurassic period,
having a long and slender snout.

TELEOST
Te"le*ost, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Teleosti. Also used adjectively.

TELEOSTEAN
Te`le*os"te*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the teleosts.
 -- n.

Defn: A teleostean fish.

TELEOSTEI
Te`le*os"te*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A subclass of fishes including all the ordinary bony fishes as
distinguished from the ganoids.

TELEOSTOMI
Te"le*os`to*mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division of fishes including the ordinary fishes
(Teleostei) and the ganoids.

TELEOZOIC
Te`le*o*zo"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having tissued composed of cells.

TELEOZOON; TELEOZOOEN
Te*le*o*zo"ön, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A metazoan.

TELEPATHY
Te*lep"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The sympathetic affection of one mind by the thoughts,
feelings, or emotions of another at a distance, without communication
through the ordinary channels of sensation.
 -- Tel`e*path"ic, a.
 -- Te*lep"a*thist, n.

TELEPHEME
Tel"e*pheme, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A message by a telephone. [Recent]

TELEPHONE
Tel"e*phone, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for reproducing sounds, especially articulate
speech, at a distance.

Note: The ordinary telephone consists essentially of a device by
which currents of electricity, produced by sounds through the agency
of certain mechanical devices and exactly corresponding in duration
and intensity to the vibrations of the air which attend them, are
transmitted to a distant station, and there, acting on suitable
mechanism, reproduce similar sounds by repeating the vibrations. The
necessary variations in the electrical currents are usually produced
by means of a microphone attached to a thin diaphragm upon which the
voice acts, and are intensified by means of an induction coil. In the
magnetic telephone, or magneto-telephone, the diaphragm is of soft
iron placed close to the pole of a magnet upon which is wound a coil
of fine wire, and its vibrations produce corresponding vibrable
currents in the wire by induction. The mechanical, or string,
telephone is a device in which the voice or sound causes vibrations
in a thin diaphragm, which are directly transmitted along a wire or
string connecting it to a similar diaphragm at the remote station,
thus reproducing the sound. It does not employ electricity.

TELEPHONE
Tel"e*phone, v. t.

Defn: To convey or announce by telephone.

TELEPHONE EXCHANGE
Tel`e*phone ex*change".

Defn: A central office in which the wires of telephones may be
connected to permit conversation.

TELEPHONIC
Tel`e*phon"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. téléphonique. See Telephone.]

1. Conveying sound to a great distance.

2. Of or pertaining to the telephone; by the telephone.

TELEPHONICALLY
Tel`e*phon"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By telephonic means or processes; by the use of the telephone.

TELEPHONY
Te*leph"o*ny, n.

Defn: The art or process of reproducing sounds at a distance, as with
the telephone.

TELEPHOTE
Tel"e*phote, n. [Gr. th e far + fw^s, fwto`s, light.]

Defn: A telelectric apparatus for producing images of visible objects
at a distance.

TELEPHOTO
Tel`e*pho"to, a.

Defn: Telephotographic; specif., designating a lens consisting of a
combination of lenses specially designed to give a large image of a
distant object in a camera of relatively short focal length.

TELEPHOTOGRAPH
Tel`e*pho"to*graph, n. [Gr. th e far + photograph.]

Defn: A photograph, image, or impression, reproduced by or taken with
a telephotographic apparatus.

TELEPHOTOGRAPHIC
Tel`e*pho`to*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, the process of telephotography.

TELEPHOTOGRAPHY
Tel`e*pho*tog"ra*phy, n.

1. The photography of distant objects in more enlarged form than is
possible by the ordinary means, usually by a camera provided with a
telephoto lens or mounted in place of the eyepiece of a telescope, so
that the real or a magnified image falls on the sensitive plate.

2.  Art or process of electrically transmitting and reproducing
photographic or other pictures at a distance by methods similar to
those used in electric telegraphy.

3.  Less properly, phototelegraphy.

TELEPOLARISCOPE
Tel`e*po*lar"i*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. polariscope.] (Opt.)

Defn: A polariscope arranged to be attached to a telescope. Lockyer.

TELERYTHIN
Tel`e*ryth"in, n. Etym: [Gr. erythrin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A red crystalline compound related to, or produced from,
erythrin. So called because regarded as the end of the series of
erythrin compounds.

TELESCOPE
Tel"e*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. télescope. See Telegraph, and -scope.]

Defn: An optical instrument used in viewing distant objects, as the
heavenly bodies.

Note: A telescope assists the eye chiefly in two ways; first, by
enlarging the visual angle under which a distant object is seen, and
thus magnifying that object; and, secondly, by collecting, and
conveying to the eye, a larger beam of light than would enter the
naked organ, thus rendering objects distinct and visible which would
otherwise be indistinct and or invisible. Its essential parts are the
object glass, or concave mirror, which collects the beam of light,
and forms an image of the object, and the eyeglass, which is a
microscope, by which the image is magnified. Achromatic telescope.
See under Achromatic.
 -- Aplanatic telescope, a telescope having an aplanatic eyepiece.
 -- Astronomical telescope, a telescope which has a simple eyepiece
so constructed or used as not to reverse the image formed by the
object glass, and consequently exhibits objects inverted, which is
not a hindrance in astronomical observations.
 -- Cassegrainian telescope, a reflecting telescope invented by
Cassegrain, which differs from the Gregorian only in having the
secondary speculum convex instead of concave, and placed nearer the
large speculum. The Cassegrainian represents objects inverted; the
Gregorian, in their natural position. The Melbourne telescope (see
Illust. under Reflecting telescope, below) is a Cassegrainian
telescope.
 -- Dialytic telescope. See under Dialytic. Equatorial telescope. See
the Note under Equatorial.
 -- Galilean telescope, a refracting telescope in which the eyeglass
is a concave instead of a convex lens, as in the common opera glass.
This was the construction originally adopted by Galileo, the inventor
of the instrument. It exhibits the objects erect, that is, in their
natural positions.
 -- Gregorian telescope, a form of reflecting telescope. See under
Gregorian.
 -- Herschelian telescope, a reflecting telescope of the form
invented by Sir William Herschel, in which only one speculum is
employed, by means of which an image of the object is formed near one
side of the open end of the tube, and to this the eyeglass is applied
directly.
 -- Newtonian telescope, a form of reflecting telescope. See under
Newtonian.
 -- Photographic telescope, a telescope specially constructed to make
photographs of the heavenly bodies.
 -- Prism telescope. See Teinoscope.
 -- Reflecting telescope, a telescope in which the image is formed by
a speculum or mirror (or usually by two speculums, a large one at the
lower end of the telescope, and the smaller one near the open end)
instead of an object glass. See Gregorian, Cassegrainian,
Herschelian, and Newtonian, telescopes, above.
 -- Refracting telescope, a telescope in which the image is formed by
refraction through an object glass.
 -- Telescope carp (Zoöl.), the telescope fish.
 -- Telescope fish (Zoöl.), a monstrous variety of the goldfish
having very protuberant eyes.
 -- Telescope fly (Zoöl.), any two-winged fly of the genus Diopsis,
native of Africa and Asia. The telescope flies are remarkable for
having the eyes raised on very long stalks.
 -- Telescope shell (Zoöl.), an elongated gastropod (Cerithium
telescopium) having numerous flattened whorls.
 -- Telescope sight (Firearms), a slender telescope attached to the
barrel, having cross wires in the eyepiece and used as a sight.
 -- Terrestrial telescope, a telescope whose eyepiece has one or two
lenses more than the astronomical, for the purpose of inverting the
image, and exhibiting objects erect.

TELESCOPE
Tel"e*scope, a. [imp. & p. p. Telescoped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Telescoping.]

Defn: To slide or pass one within another, after the manner of the
sections of a small telescope or spyglass; to come into collision, as
railway cars, in such a manner that one runs into another. [Recent]

TELESCOPE
Tel"e*scope, v. t.

Defn: To cause to come into collision, so as to telescope. [Recent]

TELESCOPE BAG
Telescope bag.

Defn: An adjustable traveling bag consisting of two cases, the larger
slipping over the other.

TELESCOPIC; TELESCOPICAL
Tel`e*scop"ic, Tel`e*scop"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. télescopique.]

1. Of or pertaining to a telescope; performed by a telescope.

2. Seen or discoverable only by a telescope; as, telescopic stars.

3. Able to discern objects at a distance; farseeing; far-reaching;
as, a telescopic eye; telescopic vision.

4. Having the power of extension by joints sliding one within
another, like the tube of a small telescope or a spyglass; especially
(Mach.), constructed of concentric tubes, either stationary, as in
the telescopic boiler, or movable, as in the telescopic chimney of a
war vessel, which may be put out of sight by being lowered endwise.

TELESCOPICALLY
Tel`e*scop"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a telescopical manner; by or with the telescope.

TELESCOPIC SIGHT
Tel`e*scop"ic sight`.

Defn: A sight consisting of a small telescope, as on a compass or
rifle.

TELESCOPIST
Te*les"co*pist, n.

Defn: One who uses a telescope. R. A. Proctor.

TELESCOPY
Te*les"co*py, n.

Defn: The art or practice of using or making telescopes.

TELESEISM
Tel"e*seism, n. [Gr. th e far +  shock.]

Defn: A seismic movement or shock far from the  recording instrument.
-- Tel`e*seis"mic (#), a.

TELESEME
Tel"e*seme, n. [Gr. th e far +  sign.]

Defn: A system of apparatus for electric signals providing for
automatic transmission of a definite number of different signals or
calls, as in connection with hotel annunciators.

TELESM
Tel"esm, n. Etym: [Ar. tilism. See Talisman.]

Defn: A kind of amulet or magical charm. [Obs.] J. Gregory.

TELESMATIC; TELESMATICAL
Tel`es*mat"ic, Tel`es*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to telesms; magical. J. Gregory.

TELESPECTROSCOPE
Tel`e*spec"tro*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. spectroscope.] (Astron.)

Defn: A spectroscope arranged to be attached to a telescope for
observation of distant objects, as the sun or stars. Lockyer.

TELESTEREOGRAPH
Tel`e*ste"re*o*graph`, n. [Gr. th e far + stereograph.]

Defn: An instrument for telegraphically reproducing a photograph. --
Tel`e*ste`re*og"ra*phy (#), n.

TELESTEREOSCOPE
Tel`e*ste"re*o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. stereoscope.] (Opt.)

Defn: A stereoscope adapted to view distant natural objects or
landscapes; a telescopic stereoscope.

TELESTIC
Te*les"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Tending or relating to a purpose or an end. [R.] Cudworth.

TELESTICH
Te*les"tich, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A poem in which the final letters of the lines, taken
consequently, make a name. Cf. Acrostic.

TELETHERMOGRAPH
Tel`e*ther"mo*graph, n. [Gr. th e far + thermo- + -graph.] (Physics)
 (a) A record of fluctuations of temperature made automatically at a
distant station.
 (b) An instrument, usually electrical, making such records.

TELETHERMOMETER
Tel`e*ther*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. thermometer.] (Physics)

Defn: An apparatus for determining the temperature of a distant
point, as by a thermoelectric circuit or otherwise.

TELEUTOSPORE
Te*leu"to*spore, n. Etym: [Gr. spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: The thick-celled winter or resting spore of the rusts (order
Uredinales), produced in late summer. See Illust. of Uredospore.

TELFORD
Tel"ford, a. [After Thomas Telford, a Scotch road engineer.]

Defn: Designating, or pert. to, a road pavement having a surface of
small stone rolled hard and smooth, distinguished from macadam road
by its firm foundation of large stones with fragments of stone wedged
tightly, in the interstices; as, telford pavement, road, etc.

TELFORDIZE
Tel"ford*ize, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Telfordized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Telfordizing.]

Defn: To furnish (a road) with a telford pavement.

TELHARMONIC
Tel`har*mon"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to telharmonium.

TELHARMONIUM; TELHARMONY
Tel`har*mo"ni*um, n. [Gr. th e far + harmolium.]

Defn: An instrument for producing music (Tel*har"mo*ny []), at a
distant point or points by means of alternating currents of
electricity controlled by an operator who plays on a keyboard. The
music is produced by a receiving instrument similar or analogous to
the telephone, but not held to the ear. The pitch corresponds with
frequency of alternation of current.

TELIC
Tel"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: Denoting the final end or purpose, as distinguished from
ecbatic. See Ecbatic. Gibbs.

TELL
Tell, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Told; p. pr. & vb. n. Telling.] Etym: [AS.
tellan, from talu tale, number, speech; akin to D. tellen to count,
G. zählen, OHG. zellen to count, tell, say, Icel. telja, Dan. tale to
speak, tælle to count. See Tale that which is told.]

1. To mention one by one, or piece by piece; to recount; to
enumerate; to reckon; to number; to count; as, to tell money. "An
heap of coin he told." Spenser.
He telleth the number of the stars. Ps. cxlvii. 4.
Tell the joints of the body. Jer. Taylor.

2. To utter or recite in detail; to give an account of; to narrate.
Of which I shall tell all the array. Chaucer.
And not a man appears to tell their fate. Pope.

3. To make known; to publish; to disclose; to divulge.
Why didst thou not tell me that she was thy wife Gen. xii. 18.

4. To give instruction to; to make report to; to acquaint; to teach;
to inform.
A secret pilgrimage, That you to-day promised to tell me of Shak.

5. To order; to request; to command.
He told her not to be frightened. Dickens.

6. To discern so as to report; to ascertain by observing; to find
out; to discover; as, I can not tell where one color ends and the
other begins.

7. To make account of; to regard; to reckon; to value; to estimate.
[Obs.]
I ne told no dainity of her love. Chaucer.

Note: Tell, though equivalent in some respect to speak and say, has
not always the same application. We say, to tell truth or falsehood,
to tell a number, to tell the reasons, to tell something or nothing;
but we never say, to tell a speech, discourse, or oration, or to tell
an argument or a lesson. It is much used in commands; as, tell me the
whole story; tell me all you know. To tell off, to count; to divide.
Sir W. Scott.

Syn.
 -- To communicate; impart; reveal; disclose; inform; acquaint;
report; repeat; rehearse; recite.

TELL
Tell, v. i.

1. To give an account; to make report.
That I may publish with the voice of thankgiving, and tell of all thy
wondrous works. Ps. xxvi. 7.

2. To take effect; to produce a marked effect; as, every shot tells;
every expression tells. To tell of. (a) To speak of; to mention; to
narrate or describe. (b) To inform against; to disclose some fault
of.
 -- To tell on, to inform against. [Archaic & Colloq.]
Lest they should tell on us, saying, So did David. 1 Sam. xxvii. 11.

TELL
Tell, n.

Defn: That which is told; tale; account. [R.]
I am at the end of my tell. Walpole.

TELL
Tell, n. Etym: [Ar.]

Defn: A hill or mound. W. M. Thomson.

TELLABLE
Tell"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being told.

TELLEN
Tel"len, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Tellina.

TELLER
Tell"er, n.

1. One who tells, relates, or communicates; an informer, narrator, or
describer.

2. One of four officers of the English Exchequer, formerly appointed
to receive moneys due to the king and to pay moneys payable by the
king. Cowell.

3. An officer of a bank who receives and counts over money paid in,
and pays money out on checks.

4. One who is appointed to count the votes given in a legislative
body, public meeting, assembly, etc.

TELLERSHIP
Tell"er*ship, n.

Defn: The office or employment of a teller.

TELLINA
Tel*li"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine bivalve mollusks having thin, delicate, and
often handsomely colored shells.

TELLING
Tell"ing, a.

Defn: Operating with great effect; effective; as, a telling speech.
 -- Tell"ing*ly, adv.

TELLTALE
Tell"tale`, a.

Defn: Telling tales; babbling. "The telltale heart." Poe.

TELLTALE
Tell"tale`, n.

1. One who officiously communicates information of the private
concerns of others; one who tells that which prudence should
suppress.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A movable piece of ivory, lead, or other material, connected
with the bellows of an organ, that gives notice, by its position,
when the wind is exhausted.

3. (Naut.)
(a) A mechanical attachment to the steering wheel, which, in the
absence of a tiller, shows the position of the helm.
(b) A compass in the cabin of a vessel, usually placed where the
captain can see it at all hours, and thus inform himself of the
vessel's course.

4. (Mach.)

Defn: A machine or contrivance for indicating or recording something,
particularly for keeping a check upon employees, as factory hands,
watchmen, drivers, check takers, and the like, by revealing to their
employers what they have done or omitted.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tattler. See Tattler.

TELLURAL
Tel*lu"ral, a. Etym: [L. tellus, -uris, the earth.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the earth. [R.]

TELLURATE
Tel"lu*rate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tellurate. See Tellurium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of telluric acid.

TELLURET
Tel"lu*ret, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A telluride. [Obsoles.]

TELLURETED
Tel"lu*ret`ed, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined or impregnated with tellurium; tellurized. [Written
also telluretted.] [Obsoles.] Tellureted hydrogen (Chem.), hydrogen
telluride, H2Te, a gaseous substance analogous to hydrogen sulphide;
-- called also tellurhydric acid.

TELLURHYDRIC
Tel`lur*hy"dric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, hydrogen telluride, which is
regarded as an acid, especially when in solution.

TELLURIAN
Tel*lu"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. tellus, -uris, the earth.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the earth. De Quincey.

TELLURIAN
Tel*lu"ri*an, n.

1. A dweller on the earth. De Quincey.

2. An instrument for showing the operation of the causes which
produce the succession of day and night, and the changes of the
seasons. [Written also tellurion.]

TELLURIC
Tel*lu"ric, a. Etym: [L. tellus, -uris, the earth: cf. F.
tellurique.]

1. Of or pertaining to the earth; proceeding from the earth.
Amid these hot, telluric flames. Carlyle.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to tellurium; derived from, or resembling,
tellurium; specifically, designating those compounds in which the
element has a higher valence as contrasted with tellurous compounds;
as, telluric acid, which is analogous to sulphuric acid. Telluric
bismuth (Min.), tetradymite.
 -- Telluric silver (Min.), hessite.

TELLURIDE
Tel"lu*ride, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of tellurium with a more positive element or
radical; -- formerly called telluret.

TELLURISM
Tel"lu*rism, n.

Defn: An hypothesis of animal magnetism propounded by Dr. Keiser, in
Germany, in which the phenomena are ascribed to the agency of a
telluric spirit or influence. [R.] S. Thompson.

TELLURITE
Tel"lu*rite, n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of tellurous acid.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Oxide of tellurium. It occurs sparingly in tufts of white or
yellowish crystals.

TELLURIUM
Tel*lu"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., from L. tellus, -uris, the earth.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A rare nonmetallic element, analogous to sulphur and selenium,
occasionally found native as a substance of a silver-white metallic
luster, but usually combined with metals, as with gold and silver in
the mineral sylvanite, with mercury in Coloradoite, etc. Symbol Te.
Atomic weight 125.2. Graphic tellurium. (Min.) See Sylvanite.
 -- Tellurium glance (Min.), nagyagite; -- called also black
tellurium.

TELLURIZE
Tel"lu*rize, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To impregnate with, or to subject to the action of, tellurium;
-- chiefly used adjectively in the past participle; as, tellurized
ores.

TELLUROUS
Tel"lu*rous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to tellurium; derived from, or containing,
tellurium; specifically, designating those compounds in which the
element has a lower valence as contrasted with telluric compounds;
as, tellurous acid, which is analogous to sulphurous acid.

TELODYNAMIC
Tel`o*dy*nam"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. dynamic.]

Defn: Relating to a system for transmitting power to a distance by
means of swiftly moving ropes or cables driving grooved pulleys of
large diameter.

TELOOGOO
Tel`oo*goo", n.

Defn: See Telugu. D. O. Allen.

TELOTROCHA
Te*lot"ro*cha, n.; pl. Telotrochæ. Etym: [NL. See Telotrochal.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An annelid larva having telotrochal bands of cilia.

TELOTROCHAL; TELOTROCHOUS
Te*lot"ro*chal, Te*lot"ro*chous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having both a preoral and a posterior band of cilla; -- applied
to the larvæ of certain annelids.

TELOTYPE
Tel"o*type, n. Etym: [Gr. -type.]

Defn: An electric telegraph which prints the messages in letters and
not in signs.

TELPHER
Tel"pher, n. Etym: [Gr. (Elec.)

Defn: A contrivance for the conveyance of vehicles or loads by means
of electricity. Fleeming Jenkin. Telpher line, or Telpher road, an
electric line or road over which vehicles for carrying loads are
moved by electric engines actuated by a current conveyed by the line.

TELPHERAGE
Tel"pher*age, n.

Defn: The conveyance of vehicles or loads by means of electricity.
Fleeming Jenkin.

TELSON
Tel"son, n.; pl. Telsons. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The terminal joint or movable piece at the end of the abdomen
of Crustacea and other articulates. See Thoracostraca.

TELUGU
Tel`u*gu", n.

1. A Darvidian language spoken in the northern parts of the Madras
presidency. In extent of use it is the next language after Hindustani
(in its various forms) and Bengali. [Spelt also Teloogoo.]

2. One of the people speaking the Telugu language.

TELUGU
Tel`u*gu", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Telugu language, or the Telugus.

TEMBLOR
Tem*blor", n. [Sp.]

Defn: An earthquake. [Western U. S.]

TEMERARIOUS
Tem`er*a"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. temerarius. See Temerity.]

Defn: Unreasonably adventurous; despising danger; rash; headstrong;
audacious; reckless; heedless.
 -- Tem`er*a"ri*ous*ly, adv.
I spake against temerarious judgment. Latimer.

TEMERATION
Tem`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. temerare to defile.]

Defn: Temerity. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

TEMERITY
Te*mer"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. temeritas, from temere by chance, rashly;
perhaps akin to Skr. tamas darkness: cf. F. témérité.]

Defn: Unreasonable contempt of danger; extreme venturesomeness;
rashness; as, the temerity of a commander in war.

Syn.
 -- Rashness; precipitancy; heedlessness; venturesomeness.
 -- Temerity, Rashness. These words are closely allied in sense, but
have a slight difference in their use and application. Temerity is
Latin, and rashness is Anglo-Saxon. As in many such cases, the Latin
term is more select and dignified; the Anglo-Saxon more familiar and
energetic. We show temerity in hasty decisions, and the conduct to
which they lead. We show rashness in particular actions, as dictated
by sudden impulse. It is an exhibition of temerity to approach the
verge of a precipice; it is an act of rashness to jump into a river
without being able to swim. Temerity, then, is an unreasonable
contempt of danger; rashness is a rushing into danger from
thoughtlessness or excited feeling.
It is notorious temerity to pass sentence upon grounds uncapable of
evidence. Barrow.
Her rush hand in evil hour Forth reaching to the fruit, she plucked,
she eat. Milton.

TEMEROUS
Tem"er*ous, a.

Defn: Temerarious. [Obs.]

TEMPEAN
Tem*pe"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Temple, a valley in Thessaly, celebrated by
Greek poets on account of its beautiful scenery; resembling Temple;
hence, beautiful; delightful; charming.

TEMPER
Tem"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tempered; p. pr. & vb. n. Tempering.]
Etym: [AS. temprian or OF. temper, F. tempérer, and (in sense 3)
temper, L. temperare, akin to tempus time. Cf. Temporal, Distemper,
Tamper.]

1. To mingle in due proportion; to prepare by combining; to modify,
as by adding some new element; to qualify, as by an ingredient;
hence, to soften; to mollify; to assuage; to soothe; to calm.
Puritan austerity was so tempered by Dutch indifference, that mercy
itself could not have dictated a milder system. Bancroft.
Woman! lovely woman! nature made thee To temper man: we had been
brutes without you. Otway.
But thy fire Shall be more tempered, and thy hope far higher. Byron.
She [the Goddess of Justice] threw darkness and clouds about her,
that tempered the light into a thousand beautiful shades and colors.
Addison.

2. To fit together; to adjust; to accomodate.
Thy sustenance . . . serving to the appetite of the eater, tempered
itself to every man's liking. Wisdom xvi. 21.

3. (Metal.)

Defn: To bring to a proper degree of hardness; as, to temper iron or
steel.
The tempered metals clash, and yield a silver sound. Dryden.

4. To govern; to manage. [A Latinism & Obs.]
With which the damned ghosts he governeth, And furies rules, and
Tartare tempereth. Spenser.

5. To moisten to a proper consistency and stir thoroughly, as clay
for making brick, loam for molding, etc.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: To adjust, as the mathematical scale to the actual scale, or to
that in actual use.

Syn.
 -- To soften; mollify; assuage; soothe; calm.

TEMPER
Tem"per, n.

1. The state of any compound substance which results from the mixture
of various ingredients; due mixture of different qualities; just
combination; as, the temper of mortar.

2. Constitution of body; temperament; in old writers, the mixture or
relative proportion of the four humors, blood, choler, phlegm, and
melancholy.
The exquisiteness of his [Christ's] bodily temper increased the
exquisiteness of his torment. Fuller.

3. Disposition of mind; the constitution of the mind, particularly
with regard to the passions and affections; as, a calm temper; a
hasty temper; a fretful temper.
Remember with what mild And gracious temper he both heared and
judged. Milton.
The consequents of a certain ethical temper. J. H. Newman.

4. Calmness of mind; moderation; equanimity; composure; as, to keep
one's temper.
To fall with dignity, with temper rise. Pope.
Restore yourselves to your tempers, fathers. B. Jonson.

5. Heat of mind or passion; irritation; proneness to anger; -- in a
reproachful sense. [Colloq.]

6. The state of a metal or other substance, especially as to its
hardness, produced by some process of heating or cooling; as, the
temper of iron or steel.

7. Middle state or course; mean; medium. [R.]
The perfect lawgiver is a just temper between the mere man of theory,
who can see nothing but general principles, and the mere man of
business, who can see nothing but particular circumstances. Macaulay.

8. (Sugar Works)

Defn: Milk of lime, or other substance, employed in the process
formerly used to clarify sugar. Temper screw, in deep well boring, an
adjusting screw connecting the working beam with the rope carrying
the tools, for lowering the tools as the drilling progresses.

Syn.
 -- Disposition; temperament; frame; humor; mood. See Disposition.

TEMPER
Tem"per, v. i.

1. To accord; to agree; to act and think in conformity. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To have or get a proper or desired state or quality; to grow soft
and pliable.
I have him already tempering between my finger and my thumb, and
shortly will I seal with him. Shak.

TEMPERA
Tem"pe*ra, n. Etym: [It.] (Paint.)

Defn: A mode or process of painting; distemper.

Note: The term is applied especially to early Italian painting,
common vehicles of which were yolk of egg, yolk and white of egg
mixed together, the white juice of the fig tree, and the like.

TEMPERABLE
Tem"per*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being tempered.
The fusible, hard, and temperable texture of metals. Emerson.

TEMPERAMENT
Tem"per*a*ment, n. Etym: [L. temperamentum a mixing in due
proportion, proper measure, temperament: cf. F. tempérament. See
Temper, v. t.]

1. Internal constitution; state with respect to the relative
proportion of different qualities, or constituent parts.
The common law . . . has reduced the kingdom to its just state and
temperament. Sir M. Hale.

2. Due mixture of qualities; a condition brought about by mutual
compromises or concessions. [Obs.]
However, I forejudge not any probable expedient, any temperament that
can be found in things of this nature, so disputable on their side.
Milton.

3. The act of tempering or modifying; adjustment, as of clashing
rules, interests, passions, or the like; also, the means by which
such adjustment is effected.
Wholesome temperaments of the rashness of popular assemblies. Sir J.
Mackintosh.

4. Condition with regard to heat or cold; temperature. [Obs.]
Bodies are denominated "hot" and "cold" in proportion to the present
temperament of that part of our body to which they are applied.
Locke.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: A system of compromises in the tuning of organs, pianofortes,
and the like, whereby the tones generated with the vibrations of a
ground tone are mutually modified and in part canceled, until their
number reduced to the actual practicable scale of twelve tones to the
octave. This scale, although in so far artificial, is yet closely
suggestive of its origin in nature, and this system of tuning,
although not mathematically true, yet satisfies the ear, while it has
the convenience that the same twelve fixed tones answer for every key
or scale, C# becoming identical with D, and so on.

6. (Physiol.)

Defn: The peculiar physical and mental character of an individual, in
olden times erroneously supposed to be due to individual variation in
the relations and proportions of the constituent parts of the body,
especially of the fluids, as the bile, blood, lymph, etc. Hence the
phrases, bilious or choleric temperament, sanguine temperament, etc.,
implying a predominance of one of these fluids and a corresponding
influence on the temperament. Equal temperament (Mus.), that in which
the variations from mathematically true pitch are distributed among
all the keys alike.
 -- Unequal temperament (Mus.), that in which the variations are
thrown into the keys least used.

TEMPERAMENTAL
Tem`per*a*men"tal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to temperament; constitutional. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.

TEMPERANCE
Tem"per*ance, n. Etym: [L. temperantia: cf. F. tempérance. See
Temper, v. t.]

1. Habitual moderation in regard to the indulgence of the natural
appetites and passions; restrained or moderate indulgence;
moderation; as, temperance in eating and drinking; temperance in the
indulgence of joy or mirth; specifically, moderation, and sometimes
abstinence, in respect to using intoxicating liquors.

2. Moderation of passion; patience; calmness; sedateness. [R.] "A
gentleman of all temperance." Shak.
He calmed his wrath with goodly temperance. Spenser.

3. State with regard to heat or cold; temperature. [Obs.] "Tender and
delicate temperance." Shak. Temperance society, an association formed
for the purpose of diminishing or stopping the use of alcoholic
liquors as a beverage.

TEMPERANCY
Tem"per*an*cy, n.

Defn: Temperance.

TEMPERATE
Tem"per*ate, a. Etym: [L. temperatus, p.p. of temperare. See Temper,
v. t.]

1. Moderate; not excessive; as, temperate heat; a temperate climate.

2. Not marked with passion; not violent; cool; calm; as, temperate
language.
She is not hot, but temperate as the morn. Shak.
That sober freedom out of which there springs Our loyal passion for
our temperate kings. Tennyson.

3. Moderate in the indulgence of the natural appetites or passions;
as, temperate in eating and drinking.
Be sober and temperate, and you will be healthy. Franklin.

4. Proceeding from temperance. [R.]
The temperate sleeps, and spirits light as air. Pope.
Temperate zone (Geog.), that part of the earth which lies between
either tropic and the corresponding polar circle; -- so called
because the heat is less than in the torrid zone, and the cold less
than in the frigid zones.

Syn.
 -- Abstemious; sober; calm; cool; sedate.

TEMPERATE
Tem"per*ate, v. t.

Defn: To render temperate; to moderate; to soften; to temper. [Obs.]
It inflames temperance, and temperates wrath. Marston.

TEMPERATELY
Tem"per*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a temperate manner.

TEMPERATENESS
Tem"per*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being temperate; moderateness;
temperance.

TEMPERATIVE
Tem"per*a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. L. temperativus soothing.]

Defn: Having power to temper. [R.] T. Granger.

TEMPERATURE
Tem"per*a*ture, n. Etym: [F. température, L. temperatura due measure,
proportion, temper, temperament.]

1. Constitution; state; degree of any quality.
The best composition and temperature is, to have openness in fame and
opinion, secrecy in habit, dissimulation in seasonable use, and a
power to feign, if there be no remedy. Bacon.
Memory depends upon the consistence and the temperature of the brain.
I. Watts.

2. Freedom from passion; moderation. [Obs.]
In that proud port, which her so goodly graceth, Most goodly
temperature you may descry. Spenser.

3. (Physics)

Defn: Condition with respect to heat or cold, especially as indicated
by the sensation produced, or by the thermometer or pyrometer; degree
of heat or cold; as, the temperature of the air; high temperature;
low temperature; temperature of freezing or of boiling.

4. Mixture; compound. [Obs.]
Made a temperature of brass and iron together. Holland.
Absolute temperature. (Physics) See under Absolute.
 -- Animal temperature (Physiol.), the nearly constant temperature
maintained in the bodies of warm-blooded (homoiothermal) animals
during life. The ultimate source of the heat is to be found in the
potential energy of the food and the oxygen which is absorbed from
the air during respiration. See Homoiothermal.
 -- Temperature sense (Physiol.), the faculty of perceiving cold and
warmth, and so of perceiving differences of temperature in external
objects. H. N. Martin.

TEMPERED
Tem"pered, a.

Defn: Brought to a proper temper; as, tempered steel; having (such) a
temper; -- chiefly used in composition; as, a good-tempered or bad-
tempered man; a well-tempered sword.

TEMPERER
Tem"per*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, tempers; specifically, a machine in
which lime, cement, stone, etc., are mixed with water.

TEMPERING
Tem"per*ing, n. (Metal.)

Defn: The process of giving the requisite degree of hardness or
softness to a substance, as iron and steel; especially, the process
of giving to steel the degree of hardness required for various
purposes, consisting usually in first plunging the article, when
heated to redness, in cold water or other liquid, to give an excess
of hardness, and then reheating it gradually until the hardness is
reduced or drawn down to the degree required, as indicated by the
color produced on a polished portion, or by the burning of oil.
Tempering color, the shade of color that indicates the degree of
temper in tempering steel, as pale straw yellow for lancets, razors,
and tools for metal; dark straw yellow for penknives, screw taps,
etc.; brown yellow for axes, chisels, and plane irons; yellow tinged
with purple for table knives and shears; purple for swords and watch
springs; blue for springs and saws; and very pale blue tinged with
green, too soft for steel instruments.

TEMPER SCREW
Tem"per screw.

1. A screw link, to which is attached the rope of a rope-drilling
apparatus, for feeding and slightly turning the drill jar at each
stroke.

2.  A set screw used for adjusting.

TEMPEST
Tem"pest, n. Etym: [OF. tempeste, F. tempête, (assumed) LL. tempesta,
fr. L. tempestas a portion of time, a season, weather, storm, akin to
tempus time. See Temporal of time.]

1. An extensive current of wind, rushing with great velocity and
violence, and commonly attended with rain, hail, or snow; a furious
storm.
[We] caught in a fiery tempest, shall be hurled, Each on his rock
transfixed. Milton.

2. Fig.: Any violent tumult or commotion; as, a political tempest; a
tempest of war, or of the passions.

3. A fashionable assembly; a drum. See the Note under Drum, n., 4.
[Archaic] Smollett.

Note: Tempest is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, tempest-beaten, tempest-loving, tempest-tossed,
tempest-winged, and the like.

Syn.
 -- Storm; agitation; perturbation. See Storm.

TEMPEST
Tem"pest, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. tempester, F. tempêter to rage.]

Defn: To disturb as by a tempest. [Obs.]
Part huge of bulk Wallowing unwieldy, enormous in their gait, Tempest
the ocean. Milton.

TEMPEST
Tem"pest, v. i.

Defn: To storm. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

TEMPESTIVE
Tem*pes"tive, a. Etym: [L. tempestivus.]

Defn: Seasonable; timely; as, tempestive showers. [Obs.] Heywood.
 -- Tem*pes"tive*ly, adv. [Obs.]

TEMPESTIVILY
Tem`pes*tiv"i*ly, n. Etym: [L. tempestivitas.]

Defn: The quality, or state, of being tempestive; seasonableness.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

TEMPESTUOUS
Tem*pes"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. tempestuous: cf. OF. tempestueux, F.
tempêtueux.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tempest; involving or resembling a
tempest; turbulent; violent; stormy; as, tempestuous weather; a
tempestuous night; a tempestuous debate.
 -- Tem*pes"tu*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Tem*pes"tu*ous*ness, n.
They saw the Hebrew leader, Waiting, and clutching his tempestuous
beard. Longfellow.

TEMPLAR
Tem"plar, n. Etym: [OE. templere, F. templier, LL. templarius. See
Temple a church.]

1. One of a religious and military order first established at
Jerusalem, in the early part of the 12th century, for the protection
of pilgrims and of the Holy Sepulcher. These Knights Templars, or
Knights of the Temple, were so named because they occupied an
apartment of the palace of Bladwin II. in Jerusalem, near the Temple.

Note: The order was first limited in numbers, and its members were
bound by vows of chastity and poverty. After the conquest of
Palestine by the Saracens, the Templars spread over Europe, and, by
reason of their reputation for valor and piety, they were enriched by
numerous donations of money and lands. The extravagances and vices of
the later Templars, however, finally led to the suppression of the
order by the Council of Vienne in 1312.

2. A student of law, so called from having apartments in the Temple
at London, the original buildings having belonged to the Knights
Templars. See Inner Temple, and Middle Temple, under Temple. [Eng.]

3. One belonged to a certain order or degree among the Freemasons,
called Knights Templars. Also, one of an order among temperance men,
styled Good Templars.

TEMPLAR
Tem"plar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a temple. [R.]
Solitary, family, and templar devotion. Coleridge.

TEMPLATE
Tem"plate, n.

Defn: Same as Templet.

TEMPLE
Tem"ple, n. Etym: [Cf. Templet.] (Weaving)

Defn: A contrivence used in a loom for keeping the web stretched
transversely.

TEMPLE
Tem"ple, n. Etym: [OF. temple, F. tempe, from L. tempora, tempus;
perhaps originally, the right place, the fatal spot, supposed to be
the same word as tempus, temporis, the fitting or appointed time. See
Temporal of time, and cf. Tempo, Tense, n.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The space, on either side of the head, back of the eye and
forehead, above the zygomatic arch and in front of the ear.

2. One of the side bars of a pair of spectacles, jointed to the bows,
and passing one on either side of the head to hold the spectacles in
place.

TEMPLE
Tem"ple, n. Etym: [AS. tempel, from L. templum a space marked out,
sanctuary, temple; cf. Gr. témple, from the Latin. Cf. Contemplate.]

1. A place or edifice dedicated to the worship of some deity; as, the
temple of Jupiter at Athens, or of Juggernaut in India. "The temple
of mighty Mars." Chaucer.

2. (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: The edifice erected at Jerusalem for the worship of Jehovah.
Jesus walked in the temple in Solomon's porch. John x. 23.

3. Hence, among Christians, an edifice erected as a place of public
worship; a church.
Can he whose life is a perpetual insult to the authority of God enter
with any pleasure a temple consecrated to devotion and sanctified by
prayer Buckminster.

4. Fig.: Any place in which the divine presence specially resides.
"The temple of his body." John ii. 21.
Know ye not that ye are the temple of God, and that the spirit of God
dwelleth in you 1 Cor. iii. 16.
The groves were God's first temples. Bryant.
Inner Temple, and Middle Temple, two buildings, or ranges of
buildings, occupied by two inns of court in London, on the site of a
monastic establishment of the Knights Templars, called the Temple.

TEMPLE
Tem"ple, v. t.

Defn: To build a temple for; to appropriate a temple to; as, to
temple a god. [R.] Feltham.

TEMPLED
Tem"pled, a.

Defn: Supplied with a temple or temples, or with churches; inclosed
in a temple.
I love thy rocks and rills, Thy woods and templed hills. S. F. Smith.

TEMPLET
Tem"plet, n. Etym: [LL. templatus vaulted, from L. templum a small
timber.] [Spelt also template.]

1. A gauge, pattern, or mold, commonly a thin plate or board, used as
a guide to the form of the work to be executed; as, a mason's or a
wheelwright's templet.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A short piece of timber, iron, or stone, placed in a wall under
a girder or other beam, to distribute the weight or pressure.

TEMPO
Tem"po, n. Etym: [It., fr. L. tempus. See Tense, n.] (Mus.)

Defn: The rate or degree of movement in time. A tempo giusto
(joos"to) Etym: [It.], in exact time; -- sometimes, directing a
return to strict time after a tempo rubato.
 -- Tempo rubato. See under Rubato.

TEMPORAL
Tem"po*ral, a. Etym: [L. temporalis, fr. tempora the temples: cf. F.
temporal. See Temple a part of the head.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the temple or temples; as, the temporal
bone; a temporal artery. Temporal bone, a very complex bone situated
in the side of the skull of most mammals and containing the organ of
hearing. It consists of an expanded squamosal portion above the ear,
corresponding to the squamosal and zygoma of the lower vertebrates,
and a thickened basal petrosal and mastoid portion, corresponding to
the periotic and tympanic bones of the lower vertebrates.

TEMPORAL
Tem"po*ral, a. Etym: [L. temporalis, fr. tempus, temporis, time,
portion of time, the fitting or appointed time: cf. F. temporel. Cf.
Contemporaneous, Extempore, Temper, v. t., Tempest, Temple a part of
the head, Tense, n., Thing.]

1. Of or pertaining to time, that is, to the present life, or this
world; secular, as distinguished from sacred or eternal.
The things which are seen are temporal, but the things which are not
seen are eternal. 2 Cor. iv. 18.
Is this an hour for temporal affairs Shak.

2. Civil or political, as distinguished from ecclesiastical; as,
temporal power; temporal courts. Lords temporal. See under Lord, n.
 -- Temporal augment. See the Note under Augment, n.

Syn.
 -- Transient; fleeting; transitory.

TEMPORAL
Tem"po*ral, n.

Defn: Anything temporal or secular; a temporality; -- used chiefly in
the plural. Dryden.
He assigns supremacy to the pope in spirituals, and to the emperor or
temporals. Lowell.

TEMPORALITY
Tem`po*ral"i*ty, n.; pl. Temporalities. Etym: [L. temporalitas, in
LL., possessions of the church: cf. F. temporalité.]

1. The state or quality of being temporary; -- opposed to perpetuity.

2. The laity; temporality. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

3. That which pertains to temporal welfare; material interests;
especially, the revenue of an ecclesiastic proceeding from lands,
tenements, or lay fees, tithes, and the like; -- chiefly used in the
plural.
Supreme head, . . . under God, of the spirituality and temporality of
the same church. Fuller.

TEMPORALLY
Tem"po*ral*ly, adv.

Defn: In a temporal manner; secularly. [R.] South.

TEMPORALNESS
Tem"po*ral*ness, n.

Defn: Worldliness. [R.] Cotgrave.

TEMPORALTY
Tem"po*ral*ty, n. Etym: [See Temporality.]

1. The laity; secular people. [Obs.] Abp. Abbot.

2. A secular possession; a temporality.

TEMPORANEOUS
Tem`po*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. temporaneus happening at the right
time, fr. tempus, temporis, time.]

Defn: Temporarity. [Obs.] Hallywell.

TEMPORARILY
Tem"po*ra*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a temporary manner; for a time.

TEMPORARINESS
Tem"po*ra*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being temporary; -- opposed to
perpetuity.

TEMPORARY
Tem"po*ra*ry, a. Etym: [L. temporarius, fr. tempus, temporis, time:
cf. F. temporaire.]

Defn: Lasting for a time only; existing or continuing for a limited
time; not permanent; as, the patient has obtained temporary relief.
Temporary government of the city. Motley.
Temporary star. (Astron.) See under Star.

TEMPORIST
Tem"po*rist, n.

Defn: A temporizer. [Obs.]
Why, turn a temporist, row with the tide. Marston.

TEMPORIZATION
Tem`po*ri*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. temporisation.]

Defn: The act of temporizing. Johnson.

TEMPORIZE
Tem"po*rize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Temporized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Temporizing.] Etym: [F. temporiser. See Temporal of time.]

1. To comply with the time or occasion; to humor, or yield to, the
current of opinion or circumstances; also, to trim, as between two
parties.
They might their grievance inwardly complain, But outwardly they
needs must temporize. Daniel.

2. To delay; to procrastinate. [R.] Bacon.

3. To comply; to agree. [Obs.] Shak.

TEMPORIZER
Tem"po*ri`zer, n.

Defn: One who temporizes; one who yields to the time, or complies
with the prevailing opinions, fashions, or occasions; a trimmer.
A sort of temporizers, ready to embrace and maintain all that is, or
shall be, proposed, in hope of preferment. Burton.

TEMPORIZINGLY
Tem"po*ri`zing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a temporizing or yielding manner.

TEMPORO-
Tem"po*ro-.

Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with,
or relation to, the temple, or temporal bone; as, temporofacial.

TEMPORO-AURICULAR
Tem`po*ro-au*ric"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to both the temple and the ear; as, the
temporo-auricular nerve.

TEMPOROFACIAL
Tem`po*ro*fa"cial, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to both the temple and the face.

TEMPOROMALAR
Tem`po*ro*ma"lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to both the temple and the region of the malar
bone; as, the temporomalar nerve.

TEMPOROMAXILLARY
Tem`po*ro*max"il*la*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to both the temple or the temporal bone and
the maxilla.

TEMPS
Temps, n. Etym: [OF. & F., fr. L. tempus. See Temporal of time.]

Defn: Time. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TEMPSE
Tempse, n.

Defn: See Temse. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

TEMPT
Tempt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tempted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tempting.] Etym:
[OE. tempten, tenten, from OF. tempter, tenter, F. tenter, fr. L.
tentare, temptare, to handle, feel, attack, to try, put to the test,
urge, freq. from tendere, tentum, and tensum, to stretch. See Thin,
and cf. Attempt, Tend, Taunt, Tent a pavilion, Tent to probe.]

1. To put to trial; to prove; to test; to try.
God did tempt Abraham. Gen. xxii. 1.
Ye shall not tempt the Lord your God. Deut. vi. 16.

2. To lead, or endeavor to lead, into evil; to entice to what is
wrong; to seduce.
Every man is tempted when he is drawn away of his own lust, and
enticed. James i. 14.

3. To endeavor to persuade; to induce; to invite; to incite; to
provoke; to instigate.
Tempt not the brave and needy to despair. Dryden.
Nor tempt the wrath of heaven's avenging Sire. Pope.

4. To endeavor to accomplish or reach; to attempt.
Ere leave be given to tempt the nether skies. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To entice; allure; attract; decoy; seduce.

TEMPTABILITY
Tempt`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being temptable; lability to
temptation.

TEMPTABLE
Tempt"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being tempted; liable to be tempted. Cudworth.

TEMPTATION
Temp*ta"tion, n. Etym: [OF. temptation, tentation, F. tentation, L.
tentatio.]

1. The act of tempting, or enticing to evil; seduction.
When the devil had ended all the temptation, he departed from him for
a season. Luke iv. 13.

2. The state of being tempted, or enticed to evil.
Lead us not into temptation. Luke xi. 4.

3. That which tempts; an inducement; an allurement, especially to
something evil.
Dare to be great, without a guilty crown; View it, and lay the bright
temptation down. Dryden.

TEMPTATIONLESS
Temp*ta"tion*less, a.

Defn: Having no temptation or motive; as, a temptationless sin. [R.]
Hammond.

TEMPTATIOUS
Temp*ta"tious, a.

Defn: Tempting. [Prov. Eng.]

TEMPTER
Tempt"er, n.

Defn: One who tempts or entices; especially, Satan, or the Devil,
regarded as the great enticer to evil. "Those who are bent to do
wickedly will never want tempters to urge them on." Tillotson.
So glozed the Tempter, and his proem tuned. Milton.

TEMPTING
Tempt"ing, a.

Defn: Adapted to entice or allure; attractive; alluring; seductive;
enticing; as, tempting pleasures.
 -- Tempt"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Tempt"ing*ness, n.

TEMPTRESS
Tempt"ress, n.

Defn: A woman who entices.
She was my temptress, the foul provoker. Sir W. Scott.

TEMSE
Temse, n. Etym: [F. tamis, or D. tems, teems. Cf. Tamine.]

Defn: A sieve. [Written also tems, and tempse.] [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell. Temse bread, Temsed bread, Temse loaf, bread made of flour
better sifted than common fluor. [Prov. Eng.]

TEMULENCE; TEMULENCY
Tem"u*lence, Tem"u*len*cy, n. Etym: [L. temulentia.]

Defn: Intoxication; inebriation; drunkenness. [R.] "Their temulency."
Jer. Taylor.

TEMULENT
Tem"u*lent, a. Etym: [L. temulentus.]

Defn: Intoxicated; drunken. [R.]

TEMULENTIVE
Tem"u*lent*ive, a.

Defn: Somewhat temulent; addicted to drink. [R.] R. Junius.

TEN
Ten, a. Etym: [AS. ten, tién, t, tene; akin to OFries. tian, OS.
tehan, D. tien, G. zehn, OHG. zehan, Icel. tiu, Sw. tio, Dan. ti,
Goth. taíhun, Lith. deszimt, Russ. desiate, W. deg, Ir. & Gael.
deich, L. decem, Gr. daçan. *308. Cf. Dean, Decade, Decimal,
December, Eighteen, Eighty, Teens, Tithe.]

Defn: One more than nine; twice five.
With twice ten sail I crossed the Phrygian Sea. Dryden.

Note: Ten is often used, indefinitely, for several, many, and other
like words.
There 's proud modesty in merit, Averse from begging, and resolved to
pay Ten times the gift it asks. Dryden.

TEN
Ten, n.

1. The number greater by one than nine; the sum of five and five; ten
units of objects.
I will not destroy it for ten's sake. Gen. xviii. 32.

2. A symbol representing ten units, as 10, x, or X.

TENABILITY
Ten`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tenable; tenableness.

TENABLE
Ten"a*ble, a. Etym: [F. tenable, fr. tenir to hold, L. tenere. See
Thin, and cf. Continue, Continent, Entertain, Maintain, Tenant,
Tent.]

Defn: Capable of being held, naintained, or defended, as against an
assailant or objector, or againts attempts to take or process; as, a
tenable fortress, a tenable argument.
If you have hitherto concealed his sight, Let it be tenable in your
silence still. Shak.
I would be the last man in the world to give up his cause when it was
tenable. Sir W. Scott.

TENABLENESS
Ten`a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Same as Tenability.

TENACE
Ten"ace, n. Etym: [F. tenace tenacious, demeurer tenace to hold the
best and third best cards and take both tricks, and adversary having
to lead. See Tenacious.] (Whist)

Defn: The holding by the fourth hand of the best and third best cards
of a suit led; also, sometimes, the combination of best with third
best card of a suit in any hand.

TENACIOUS
Te*na"cious, a. Etym: [L. tenax, -acis, from tenere to hold. See
Tenable, and cf. Tenace.]

1. Holding fast, or inclined to hold fast; inclined to retain what is
in possession; as, men tenacious of their just rights.

2. Apt to retain; retentive; as, a tenacious memory.

3. Having parts apt to adhere to each other; cohesive; tough; as,
steel is a tenacious metal; tar is more tenacious than oil. Sir I.
Newton.

4. Apt to adhere to another substance; glutinous; viscous; sticking;
adhesive. "Female feet, too weak to struggle with tenacious clay."
Cowper.

5. Niggardly; closefisted; miserly. Ainsworth.

6. Holding stoutly to one's opinion or purpose; obstinate; stubborn.
 -- Te*na"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Te*na"cious*ness, n.

TENACITY
Te*nac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. tenacitas: cf. F. ténacité. See Tenacious.]

1. The quality or state of being tenacious; as, tenacity, or
retentiveness, of memory; tenacity, or persistency, of purpose.

2. That quality of bodies which keeps them from parting without
considerable force; cohesiveness; the effect of attraction; -- as
distinguished from brittleness, fragility, mobility, etc.

3. That quality of bodies which makes them adhere to other bodies;
adhesiveness; viscosity. Holland.

4. (Physics)

Defn: The greatest longitudinal stress a substance can bear without
tearing asunder, -- usually expressed with reference to a unit area
of the cross section of the substance, as the number of pounds per
square inch, or kilograms per square centimeter, necessary to produce
rupture.

TENACULUM
Te*nac"u*lum, n.; pl. L. Tenacula; E. Tenaculums. Etym: [L., a
holder, fr. tenere to hold. Cf. Tenaille.] (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument consisting of a fine, sharp hook attached to a
handle, and used mainly for taking up arteries, and the like.

TENACY
Ten"a*cy, n. Etym: [L. tenacia obstinacy. See Tenacious.]

Defn: Tenaciousness; obstinacy. [Obs.] Barrow.

TENAILLE
Te*naille", n. Etym: [F., a pair of pincers or tongs, a tenaille, fr.
L. tenaculum. See Tenaculum.] (Fort.)

Defn: An outwork in the main ditch, in front of the curtain, between
two bastions. See Illust. of Ravelin.

TENAILLON
Te*nail"lon, n. Etym: [F. See Tenaille.] (Fort.)

Defn: A work constructed on each side of the ravelins, to increase
their strength, procure additional ground beyond the ditch, or cover
the shoulders of the bastions.

TENANCY
Ten"an*cy, n.; pl. Tenacies. Etym: [Cf. OF. tenace, LL. tenentia. See
Tenant.] (Law)
(a) A holding, or a mode of holding, an estate; tenure; the temporary
possession of what belongs to another.
(b) (O. Eng. Law) A house for habitation, or place to live in, held
of another. Blount. Blackstone. Wharton.

TENANT
Ten"ant, n. Etym: [F. tenant, p.pr. of tenir to hold. See Tenable,
and cf. Lieutenant.]

1. (Law)

Defn: One who holds or possesses lands, or other real estate, by any
kind of right, whether in fee simple, in common, in severalty, for
life, for years, or at will; also, one who has the occupation or
temporary possession of lands or tenements the title of which is in
another; -- correlative to landlord. See Citation from Blackstone,
under Tenement, 2. Blount. Wharton.

2. One who has possession of any place; a dweller; an occupant.
"Sweet tenants of this grove." Cowper.
The hhappy tenant of your shade. Cowley.
The sister tenants of the middle deep. Byron.
Tenant in capite Etym: [L. in in + capite, abl. of caput head,
chief.], or Tenant in chief, by the laws of England, one who holds
immediately of the king. According to the feudal system, all lands in
England are considered as held immediately or mediately of the king,
who is styled lord paramount. Such tenants, however, are considered
as having the fee of the lands and permanent possession. Blackstone.
 -- Tenant in common. See under Common.

TENANT
Ten"ant, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tenanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tenanting.]

Defn: To hold, occupy, or possess as a tenant.
Sir Roger's estate is tenanted by persons who have served him or his
ancestors. Addison.

TENANTABLE
Ten"ant*a*ble, a.

Defn: Fit to be rented; in a condition suitable for a tenant.
 -- Ten"ant*a*ble*ness, n.

TENANTLESS
Ten"ant*less, a.

Defn: Having no tenants; unoccupied; as, a tenantless mansion. Shak.

TENANTRY
Ten"ant*ry, n.

1. The body of tenants; as, the tenantry of a manor or a kingdom.

2. Tenancy. [Obs.] Ridley.

TENANT SAW
Ten"ant saw`.

Defn: See Tenon saw, under Tenon.

TENCH
Tench, n. Etym: [OF. tenche, F. tanche, L. tinca.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European fresh-water fish (Tinca tinca, or T. vulgaris)
allied to the carp. It is noted for its tenacity of life.

TEND
Tend, v. t. Etym: [See Tender to offer.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: To make a tender of; to offer or tender. [Obs.]

TEND
Tend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tended; p. pr. & vb. n. Tending.] Etym:
[Aphetic form of attend. See Attend, Tend to move, and cf. Tender one
that tends or attends.]

1. To accompany as an assistant or protector; to care for the wants
of; to look after; to watch; to guard; as, shepherds tend their
flocks. Shak.
And flaming ministers to watch and tend Their earthly charge. Milton.
There 's not a sparrow or a wren, There 's not a blade of autumn
grain, Which the four seasons do not tend And tides of life and
increase lend. Emerson.

2. To be attentive to; to note carefully; to attend to.
Being to descend A ladder much in height, I did not tend My way well
down. Chapman.
To tend a vessel (Naut.), to manage an anchored vessel when the tide
turns, so that in swinging she shall not entangle the cable.

TEND
Tend, v. i.

1. To wait, as attendants or servants; to serve; to attend; -- with
on or upon.
Was he not companion with the riotous knights That tend upon my
father Shak.

2. Etym: [F. attendre.]

Defn: To await; to expect. [Obs.] Shak.

TEND
Tend, v. i. Etym: [F. tendre, L. tendere, tensum and tentum, to
stretch, extend, direct one's course, tend; akin to Gr. tan. See
Thin, and cf. Tend to attend, Contend, Intense, Ostensible, Portent,
Tempt, Tender to offer, Tense, a.]

1. To move in a certain direction; -- usually with to or towards.
Two gentlemen tending towards that sight. Sir H. Wotton.
Thus will this latter, as the former world, Still tend from bad to
worse. Milton.
The clouds above me to the white Alps tend. Byron.

2. To be directed, as to any end, object, or purpose; to aim; to have
or give a leaning; to exert activity or influence; to serve as a
means; to contribute; as, our petitions, if granted, might tend to
our destruction.
The thoughts of the diligent tend only to plenteousness; but of every
one that is hasty only to want. Prov. xxi. 5.
The laws of our religion tend to the universal happiness of mankind.
Tillotson.

TENDANCE
Tend"ance, n. Etym: [See Tend to attend, and cf. Attendance.]

1. The act of attending or waiting; attendance. [Archaic] Spenser.
The breath Of her sweet tendance hovering over him. Tennyson.

2. Persons in attendance; attendants. [Obs.] Shak.

TENDENCE
Tend"ence, n.

Defn: Tendency. [Obs.]

TENDENCY
Tend"en*cy, n.; pl. Tendencies. Etym: [L. tendents, -entis, p.pr. of
tendere: cf. F. tendance. See Tend to move.]

Defn: Direction or course toward any place, object, effect, or
result; drift; causal or efficient influence to bring about an effect
or result.
Writings of this kind, if conducted with candor, have a more
particular tendency to the good of their country. Addison.
In every experimental science, there is a tendency toward perfection.
Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Disposition; inclination; proneness; drift; scope; aim.

TENDER
Tend"er, n. Etym: [From Tend to attend. Cf. Attender.]

1. One who tends; one who takes care of any person or thing; a nurse.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel employed to attend other vessels, to supply them with
provisions and other stores, to convey intelligence, or the like.

3. A car attached to a locomotive, for carrying a supply of fuel and
water.

TENDER
Ten"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tendered; p. pr. & vb. n. Tendering.]
Etym: [F. tendre to stretch, stretch out, reach, L. tendere. See Tend
to move.]

1. (Law)

Defn: To offer in payment or satisfaction of a demand, in order to
save a penalty or forfeiture; as, to tender the amount of rent or
debt.

2. To offer in words; to present for acceptance.
You see how all conditions, how all minds, . . . tender down Their
services to Lord Timon. Shak.

TENDER
Ten"der, n.

1. (Law)

Defn: An offer, either of money to pay a debt, or of service to be
performed, in order to save a penalty or forfeiture, which would be
incurred by nonpayment or nonperformance; as, the tender of rent due,
or of the amount of a note, with interest.

Note: To constitute a legal tender, such money must be offered as the
law prescribes. So also the tender must be at the time and place
where the rent or debt ought to be paid, and it must be to the full
amount due.

2. Any offer or proposal made for acceptance; as, a tender of a loan,
of service, or of friendship; a tender of a bid for a contract.
A free, unlimited tender of the gospel. South.

3. The thing offered; especially, money offered in payment of an
obligation. Shak. Legal tender. See under Legal.
 -- Tender of issue (Law), a form of words in a pleading, by which a
party offers to refer the question raised upon it to the appropriate
mode of decision. Burrill.

TENDER
Ten"der, a. [Compar. Tenderer; superl. Tenderest.] Etym: [F. tendre,
L. tener; probably akin to tenuis thin. See Thin.]

1. Easily impressed, broken, bruised, or injured; not firm or hard;
delicate; as, tender plants; tender flesh; tender fruit.

2. Sensible to impression and pain; easily pained.
Our bodies are not naturally more tender than our faces. L'Estrange.

3. Physically weak; not hardly or able to endure hardship; immature;
effeminate.
The tender and delicate woman among you. Deut. xxviii. 56.

4. Susceptible of the softer passions, as love, compassion, kindness;
compassionate; pitiful; anxious for another's good; easily excited to
pity, forgiveness, or favor; sympathetic.
The Lord is very pitiful, and of tender mercy. James v. 11.
I am choleric by my nature, and tender by my temper. Fuller.

5. Exciting kind concern; dear; precious.
I love Valentine, Whose life's as tender to me as my soul! Shak.

6. Careful to save inviolate, or not to injure; -- with of. "Tender
of property." Burke.
The civil authority should be tender of the honor of God and
religion. Tillotson.

7. Unwilling to cause pain; gentle; mild.
You, that are thus so tender o'er his follies, Will never do him
good. Shak.

8. Adapted to excite feeling or sympathy; expressive of the softer
passions; pathetic; as, tender expressions; tender expostulations; a
tender strain.

9. Apt to give pain; causing grief or pain; delicate; as, a tender
subject. "Things that are tender and unpleasing." Bacon.

10. (Naut.)

Defn: Heeling over too easily when under sail; -- said of a vessel.

Note: Tender is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, tender-footed, tender-looking, tender-minded, tender-
mouthed, and the like.

Syn.
 -- Delicate; effeminate; soft; sensitive; compassionate; kind;
humane; merciful; pitiful.

TENDER
Ten"der, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tendre.]

Defn: Regard; care; kind concern. [Obs.] Shak.

TENDER
Ten"der, v. t.

Defn: To have a care of; to be tender toward; hence, to regard; to
esteem; to value. [Obs.]
For first, next after life, he tendered her good. Spenser.
Tender yourself more dearly. Shak.
To see a prince in want would move a miser's charity. Our western
princes tendered his case, which they counted might be their own.
Fuller.

TENDERFOOT
Ten"der*foot`, n.

Defn: A delicate person; one not inured to the hardship and rudeness
of pioneer life. [Slang, Western U.S.]

TENDER-HEARTED
Ten"der-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Having great sensibility; susceptible of impressions or
influence; affectionate; pitying; sensitive.
 -- Ten"der-heart`ed*ly, adv.
 -- Ten"der-heart`ed*ness, n.
Rehoboam was young and tender-hearted, and could not withstand them.
2 Chron. xiii. 7.
Be ye kind one to another, tender-hearted. Eph. iv. 32.

TENDER-HEFTED
Ten"der-heft`ed, a.

Defn: Having great tenderness; easily moved. [Obs.] Shak.

TENDERLING
Ten"der*ling, n.

1. One made tender by too much kindness; a fondling. [R.] W. Harrison
(1586).

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the first antlers of a deer.

TENDERLOIN
Ten"der*loin`, n.

Defn: A strip of tender flesh on either side of the vertebral column
under the short ribs, in the hind quarter of beef and pork. It
consists of the psoas muscles.

TENDERLY
Ten"der*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tender manner; with tenderness; mildly; gently; softly; in
a manner not to injure or give pain; with pity or affection; kindly.
Chaucer.

TENDERNESS
Ten"der*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tender (in any sense of the
adjective).

Syn.
 -- Benignity; humanity; sensibility; benevolence; kindness; pity;
clemency; mildness; mercy.

TENDINOUS
Ten"di*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. tendineux.]

1. Pertaining to a tendon; of the nature of tendon.

2. Full of tendons; sinewy; as, nervous and tendinous parts of the
body.

TENDMENT
Tend"ment, n.

Defn: Attendance; care. [Obs.]

TENDON
Ten"don, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. tendere to stretch, extend. See Tend to
move.] (Anat.)

Defn: A tough insensible cord, bundle, or band of fibrous connective
tissue uniting a muscle with some other part; a sinew. Tendon reflex
(Physiol.), a kind of reflex act in which a muscle is made to
contract by a blow upon its tendon. Its absence is generally a sign
of disease. See Knee jerk, under Knee.

TENDONOUS
Ten"don*ous, a.

Defn: Tendinous.

TENDOSYNOVITIS
Ten`do*syn`o*vi"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Tendon, and Synovitis.]

Defn: See Tenosynovitis.

TENDRAC
Ten"drac, n. Etym: [See Tenrec.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small insectivores of the family
Centetidæ, belonging to Ericulus, Echinope, and related genera,
native of Madagascar. They are more or less spinose and resemble the
hedgehog in habits. The rice tendrac (Oryzorictes hora) is very
injurious to rice crops. Some of the species are called also tenrec.

TENDRE
Ten"dre, n. [F.]

Defn: Tender feeling or fondness; affection.

You poor friendless creatures are always having some foolish tendre.
Thackeray.

TENDRESSE
Ten*dresse", n. [F.]

Defn: Tender feeling; fondness. [Obs., except as a French word]

TENDRIL
Ten"dril, n. Etym: [Shortened fr. OF. tendrillon, fr. F. tendre
tender; hence, properly, the tender branch or spring of a plant: cf.
F. tendrille. See Tender, a., and cf. Tendron.] (Bot.)

Defn: A slender, leafless portion of a plant by which it becomes
attached to a supporting body, after which the tendril usually
contracts by coiling spirally.

Note: Tendrils may represent the end of a stem, as in the grapevine;
an axillary branch, as in the passion flower; stipules, as in the
genus Smilax; or the end of a leaf, as in the pea.

TENDRIL
Ten"dril, a.

Defn: Clasping; climbing as a tendril. [R.] Dyer.

TENDRILED; TENDRILLED
Ten"driled, Ten"drilled, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with tendrils, or with such or so many, tendrils.
"The thousand tendriled vine." Southey.

TENDRON
Ten"dron, n. Etym: [F. Cf. Tendril.]

Defn: A tendril. [Obs.] Holland.

TENDRY
Ten"dry, n.

Defn: A tender; an offer. [Obs.] Heylin.

TENE
Tene, n. & v.

Defn: See 1st and 2d Teen. [Obs.]

TENEBRAE
Ten"e*bræ, n. Etym: [L., pl., darkness.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The matins and lauds for the last three days of Holy Week,
commemorating the sufferings and death of Christ, -- usually sung on
the afternoon or evening of Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, instead
of on the following days.

TENEBRICOSE
Te*neb"ri*cose`, a. Etym: [L. tenebricosus.]

Defn: Tenebrous; dark; gloomy. [Obs.]

TENEBRIFIC
Ten`e*brif"ic, a. Etym: [L. tenebrae darkness + facere to make.]

Defn: Rendering dark or gloomy; tenebrous; gloomy.
It lightens, it brightens, The tenebrific scene. Burns.
Where light Lay fitful in a tenebrific time. R. Browning.

TENEBRIFICOUS
Ten`e*brif"ic*ous, a.

Defn: Tenebrific.
Authors who are tenebrificous stars. Addison.

TENEBRIOUS
Te*ne"bri*ous, a.

Defn: Tenebrous. Young.

TENEBROSE
Ten"e*brose`, a.

Defn: Characterized by darkness or gloom; tenebrous.

TENEBROSITY
Ten`e*bros"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tenebrous; tenebrousness. Burton.

TENEBROUS
Ten"e*brous, a. Etym: [L. tenebrosus, fr. tenebrae darkness: cf. F.
ténébreux.]

Defn: Dark; gloomy; dusky; tenebrious.
 -- Ten"e*brous*ness, n.
The most dark, tenebrous night. J. Hall (1565).
The towering and tenebrous boughts of the cypress. Longfellow.

TENEMENT
Ten"e*ment, n. Etym: [OF. tenement a holding, a fief, F. tènement,
LL. tenementum, fr. L. tenere to hold. See Tenant.]

1. (Feud. Law)

Defn: That which is held of another by service; property which one
holds of a lord or proprietor in consideration of some military or
pecuniary service; fief; fee.

2. (Common Law)

Defn: Any species of permanent property that may be held, so as to
create a tenancy, as lands, houses, rents, commons, an office, an
advowson, a franchise, a right of common, a peerage, and the like; --
called also free or frank tenements.
The thing held is a tenement, the possessor of it a "tenant," and the
manner of possession is called "tenure." Blackstone.

3. A dwelling house; a building for a habitation; also, an apartment,
or suite of rooms, in a building, used by one family; often, a house
erected to be rented.

4. Fig.: Dwelling; abode; habitation.
Who has informed us that a rational soul can inhabit no tenement,
unless it has just such a sort of frontispiece Locke.
Tenement house, commonly, a dwelling house erected for the purpose of
being rented, and divided into separate apartments or tenements for
families. The term is often applied to apartment houses occupied by
poor families.

Syn.
 -- House; dwelling; habitation.
 -- Tenement, House. There may be many houses under one roof, but
they are completely separated from each other by party walls. A
tenement may be detached by itself, or it may be part of a house
divided off for the use of a family.

TENEMENTAL
Ten`e*men"tal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tenement; capable of being held by
tenants. Blackstone.

TENEMENTARY
Ten`e*men"ta*ry, a.

Defn: Capable of being leased; held by tenants. Spelman.

TENENT
Ten"ent, n. Etym: [L. tenent they hold, 3d pers. pl. pres. of
tenere.]

Defn: A tenet. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.

TENERAL
Ten"er*al, a. Etym: [L. tener, -eris, tender, delicate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a condition assumed by the
imago of certain Neuroptera, after exclusion from the pupa. In this
state the insect is soft, and has not fully attained its mature
coloring.

TENERIFFE
Ten`er*iffe", n.

Defn: A white wine resembling Madeira in taste, but more tart,
produced in Teneriffe, one of the Canary Islands; -- called also
Vidonia.

TENERITY
Te*ner"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. teneritas. See Tender, a.]

Defn: Tenderness. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

TENESMIC
Te*nes"mic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to tenesmus; characterized by tenesmus.

TENESMUS
Te*nes"mus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. tenesmos.] (Med.)

Defn: An urgent and distressing sensation, as if a discharge from the
intestines must take place, although none can be effected; -- always
referred to the lower extremity of the rectum. Vesical tenesmus, a
similar sensation as to the evacuation of urine, referred to the
region of the bladder.

TENET
Ten"et, n. Etym: [L. tenet he holds, fr. tenere to hold. See
Tenable.]

Defn: Any opinion, principle, dogma, belief, or doctrine, which a
person holds or maintains as true; as, the tenets of Plato or of
Cicero.
That al animals of the land are in their kind in the sea, . . . is a
tenet very questionable. Sir T. Browne.
The religious tenets of his family he had early renounced with
contempt. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- Dogma; doctrine; opinion; principle; position. See Dogma.

TENFOLD
Ten"fold`, a. & adv.

Defn: In tens; consisting of ten in one; ten times repeated.
The grisly Terror . . . grew tenfold More dreadful and deform.
Milton.

TENIA
Te"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Tænia.

TENIOID
Te"ni*oid, a.

Defn: See Tænoid.

TENNANTITE
Ten"nant*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Smithson Tennant, an English
chemist.] (Min.)

Defn: A blackish lead-gray mineral, closely related to tetrahedrite.
It is essentially a sulphide of arsenic and copper.

TENNE
Ten`né", n. Etym: [Cf. Tawny.] (Her.)

Defn: A tincture, rarely employed, which is considered as an orange
color or bright brown. It is represented by diagonal lines from
sinister to dexter, crossed by vertical lines.

TENNIS
Ten"nis, n. Etym: [OE. tennes, tenies, tenyse; of uncertain origin,
perhaps fr. F. tenez hold or take it, fr. tenir to hold (see
Tenable).]

Defn: A play in which a ball is driven to and fro, or kept in motion
by striking it with a racket or with the open hand. Shak.
His easy bow, his good stories, his style of dancing and playing
tennis, . . . were familiar to all London. Macaulay.
Court tennis, the old game of tennis as played within walled courts
of peculiar construction; -- distinguished from lawn tennis.
 -- Lawn tennis. See under Lawn, n.
 -- Tennis court, a place or court for playing the game of tennis.
Shak.

TENNIS
Ten"nis, v. t.

Defn: To drive backward and forward, as a ball in playing tennis.
[R.] Spenser.

TENNO
Ten*no", n. [Jap. tenno, fr. Chin. t'ien heaven + wang king.]

Defn: Lit., King of Heaven; -- a title of the emperor of Japan as the
head of the Shinto religion.

TENNU
Ten"nu, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tapir.

TENNYSONIAN
Ten`ny*so"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Alfred (Lord) Tennyson, the English poet
(1809-92); resembling, or having some of the characteristics of, his
poetry, as simplicity, pictorial quality, sensuousness, etc.

TEN-O'CLOCK
Ten"-o'*clock`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant, the star-of-Bethlehem. See under Star.

TENON
Ten"on, n. Etym: [F., fr. tenir to hold. See Tenable.] (Carp. &
Join.)

Defn: A projecting member left by cutting away the wood around it,
and made to insert into a mortise, and in this way secure together
the parts of a frame; especially, such a member when it passes
entirely through the thickness of the piece in which the mortise is
cut, and shows on the other side. Cf. Tooth, Tusk. Tenon saw, a saw
with a thin blade, usually stiffened by a brass or steel back, for
cutting tenons. [Corruptly written tenant saw.] Gwilt.

TENON
Ten"on, v. t.

Defn: To cut or fit for insertion into a mortise, as the end of a
piece of timber.

TENONIAN
Te*no"ni*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Discovered or described by M. Tenon, a French anatomist.
Tenonian capsule (Anat.), a lymphatic space inclosed by a delicate
membrane or fascia (the fascia of Tenon) between the eyeball and the
fat of the orbit; -- called also capsule of Tenon.

TENONITIS
Ten`o*ni"tis, n. [NL., Gr. te`nwn tendon + -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of a tendon.

TENONITIS
Ten`o*ni"tis, n. [NL. See Tenonian, -itis.]

Defn: Inflammation of the Tenonian capsule.

TENOR
Ten"or, n. Etym: [L., from tenere to hold; hence, properly, a holding
on in a continued course: cf. F. teneur. See Tenable, and cf. Tenor a
kind of voice.]

1. A state of holding on in a continuous course; manner of
continuity; constant mode; general tendency; course; career.
Along the cool sequestered vale of life They kept the noiseless tenor
of their away. Gray.

2. That course of thought which holds on through a discourse; the
general drift or course of thought; purport; intent; meaning;
understanding.
When it [the bond] is paid according to the tenor. Shak.
Does not the whole tenor of the divine law positively require
humility and meekness to all men Spart.

3. Stamp; character; nature.
This success would look like chance, if it were perpetual, and always
of the same tenor. Dryden.

4. (Law)

Defn: An exact copy of a writing, set forth in the words and figures
of it. It differs from purport, which is only the substance or
general import of the instrument. Bouvier.

5. Etym: [F. ténor, L. tenor, properly, a holding; -- so called
because the tenor was the voice which took and held the principal
part, the plain song, air, or tune, to which the other voices
supplied a harmony above and below: cf. It. tenore.] (Mus.)
(a) The higher of the two kinds of voices usually belonging to adult
males; hence, the part in the harmony adapted to this voice; the
second of the four parts in the scale of sounds, reckoning from the
base, and originally the air, to which the other parts were
auxillary.
(b) A person who sings the tenor, or the instrument that play it. Old
Tenor, New Tenor, Middle Tenor, different descriptions of paper
money, issued at different periods, by the American colonial
governments in the last century.

TENORRHAPHY
Te*nor"rha*phy, n. [Gr. te`nwn tendon + -rhaphy.] (Surg.)

Defn: Suture of a tendon.

TENOSITIS
Ten`o*si"tis, n. [NL., fr. Gr. te`nwn tendon + -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of a tendon.

TENOSYNOVITIS
Ten`o*syn`o*vi"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. synovitis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the synovial sheath enveloping a tendon.

TENOTOME
Ten"o*tome, n. (Surg.)

Defn: A slender knife for use in the operation of tenotomy.

TENOTOMY
Te*not"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The division of a tendon, or the act of dividing a tendon.

TENPENNY
Ten"pen*ny, a.

Defn: Valued or sold at ten pence; as, a tenpenny cake. See 2d Penny,
n.

TENPENNY
Ten"pen*ny, a.

Defn: Denoting a size of nails. See 1st Penny.

TENPINS
Ten"pins, n.

Defn: A game resembling ninepins, but played with ten pins. See
Ninepins. [U. S.]

TEN-POUNDER
Ten"-pound`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large oceanic fish (Elops saurus) found in the tropical parts
of all the oceans. It is used chiefly for bait.

TENREC
Ten"rec, n. Etym: [From the native name: cf. F. tanrac, tanrec,
tandrec.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small insectivore (Centetes ecaudatus), native of Madagascar,
but introduced also into the islands of Bourbon and Mauritius; --
called also tanrec. The name is applied to other allied genera. See
Tendrac.

TENSE
Tense, n. Etym: [OF. tens, properly, time, F. temps time, tense. See
Temporal of time, and cf. Thing.] (Gram.)

Defn: One of the forms which a verb takes by inflection or by adding
auxiliary words, so as to indicate the time of the action or event
signified; the modification which verbs undergo for the indication of
time.

Note: The primary simple tenses are three: those which express time
past, present, and future; but these admit of modifications, which
differ in different languages.

TENSE
Tense, a. Etym: [L. tensus, p.p. of tendere to stretch. See Tend to
move, and cf. Toise.]

Defn: Stretched tightly; strained to stiffness; rigid; not lax; as, a
tense fiber.
The temples were sunk, her forehead was tense, and a fatal paleness
was upon her. Goldsmith.
-- Tense"ly, adv.
 -- Tense"ness, n.

TENSIBILITY
Ten`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tensible; tensility.

TENSIBLE
Ten"si*ble, a. Etym: [See Tense, a.]

Defn: Capable of being extended or drawn out; ductile; tensible.
Gold . . . is likewise the most flexible and tensible. Bacon.

TENSILE
Ten"sile, a. Etym: [See Tense, a.]

1. Of or pertaining to extension; as, tensile strength.

2. Capable of extension; ductile; tensible. Bacon.

TENSILED
Ten"siled, a.

Defn: Made tensile. [R.]

TENSILITY
Ten*sil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tensile, or capable of extension;
tensibility; as, the tensility of the muscles. Dr. H. Mere.

TENSION
Ten"sion, n. Etym: [L. tensio, from tendere, tensum, to stretch: cf.
F. tension. See Tense, a.]

1. The act of stretching or straining; the state of being stretched
or strained to stiffness; the state of being bent strained; as, the
tension of the muscles, tension of the larynx.

2. Fig.: Extreme strain of mind or excitement of feeling; intense
effort.

3. The degree of stretching to which a wire, cord, piece of timber,
or the like, is strained by drawing it in the direction of its
length; strain. Gwilt.

4. (Mech.)

Defn: The force by which a part is pulled when forming part of any
system in equilibrium or in motion; as, the tension of a srting
supporting a weight equals that weight.

5. A device for checking the delivery of the thread in a sewing
machine, so as to give the stitch the required degree of tightness.

6. (Physics)

Defn: Expansive force; the force with which the particles of a body,
as a gas, tend to recede from each other and occupy a larger space;
elastic force; elasticity; as, the tension of vapor; the tension of
air.

7. (Elec.)

Defn: The quality in consequence of which an electric charge tends to
discharge itself, as into the air by a spark, or to pass from a body
of greater to one of less electrical potential. It varies as the
quantity of electricity upon a given area. Tension brace, or Tension
member (Engin.), a brace or member designed to resist tension, or
subjected to tension, in a structure.
 -- Tension rod (Engin.), an iron rod used as a tension member to
strengthen timber or metal framework, roofs, or the like.

TENSIONED
Ten"sioned, a.

Defn: Extended or drawn out; subjected to tension. "A highly
tensioned string." Tyndall.

TENSITY
Ten"si*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tense, or strained to stiffness;
tension; tenseness.

TENSIVE
Ten"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. tensif. See Tense, a.]

Defn: Giving the sensation of tension, stiffness, or contraction.
A tensive pain from distension of the parts. Floyer.

TENSOR
Ten"sor, n. Etym: [NL. See Tension.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle that stretches a part, or renders it tense.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: The ratio of one vector to another in length, no regard being
had to the direction of the two vectors; -- so called because
considered as a stretching factor in changing one vector into
another. See Versor.

TEN-STRIKE
Ten"-strike`, n.

1. (Tenpins)

Defn: A knocking down of all ten pins at one delivery of the ball.
[U. S.]

2. Any quick, decisive stroke or act. [Colloq. U.S.]

TENSURE
Ten"sure, n. Etym: [L. tensura. See Tension.]

Defn: Tension. [Obs.] Bacon.

TENT
Tent, n. Etym: [Sp. tinto, properly, deep-colored, fr. L. tinctus,
p.p. of tingere to dye. See Tinge, and cf. Tint, Tinto.]

Defn: A kind of wine of a deep red color, chiefly from Galicia or
Malaga in Spain; -- called also tent wine, and tinta.

TENT
Tent, n. Etym: [Cf. Attent, n.]

1. Attention; regard, care. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Lydgate.

2. Intention; design. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

TENT
Tent, v. t.

Defn: To attend to; to heed; hence, to guard; to hinder. [Prov. Eng.
& Scot.] Halliwell.

TENT
Tent, v. t. Etym: [OF. tenter. See Tempt.]

Defn: To probe or to search with a tent; to keep open with a tent;
as, to tent a wound. Used also figuratively.
I'll tent him to the quick. Shak.

TENT
Tent, n. Etym: [F. tente. See Tent to probe.] (Surg.)
(a) A roll of lint or linen, or a conical or cylindrical piece of
sponge or other absorbent, used chiefly to dilate a natural canal, to
keep open the orifice of a wound, or to absorb discharges.
(b) A probe for searching a wound.
The tent that searches To the bottom of the worst. Shak.

TENT
Tent, n. Etym: [OE. tente, F. tente, LL. tenta, fr. L. tendere,
tentum, to stretch. See Tend to move, and cf. Tent a roll of lint.]

1. A pavilion or portable lodge consisting of skins, canvas, or some
strong cloth, stretched and sustained by poles, -- used for
sheltering persons from the weather, especially soldiers in camp.
Within his tent, large as is a barn. Chaucer.

2. (Her.)

Defn: The representation of a tent used as a bearing. Tent bed, a
high-post bedstead curtained with a tentlike canopy.
 -- Tent caterpillar (Zoöl.), any one of several species of
gregarious caterpillars which construct on trees large silken webs
into which they retreat when at rest. Some of the species are very
destructive to fruit trees. The most common American species is the
larva of a bombycid moth (Clisiocampa Americana). Called also lackery
caterpillar, and webworm.

TENT
Tent, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tented; p. pr. & vb. n. Tenting.]

Defn: To lodge as a tent; to tabernacle. Shak.
We 're tenting to-night on the old camp ground. W. Kittredge.

TENTACLE
Ten"ta*cle, n. Etym: [NL. tentaculum, from L. tentare to handle,
feel: cf. F. tentacule. See Tempt.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A more or less elongated process or organ, simple or branched,
proceeding from the head or cephalic region of invertebrate animals,
being either an organ of sense, prehension, or motion. Tentacle
sheath (Zoöl.), a sheathlike structure around the base of the
tentacles of many mollusks.

TENTACLED
Ten"ta*cled, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having tentacles.

TENTACULAR
Ten*tac"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. tentaculaire.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tentacle or tentacles.

TENTACULATA
Ten*tac`u*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Ctenophora including those which have two long
tentacles.

TENTACULATE; TENTACULATED
Ten*tac"u*late, Ten*tac"u*la`ted, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having tentacles, or organs like tentacles; tentacled.

TENTACULIFERA
Ten`ta*cu*lif"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Suctoria, 1.

TENTACULIFEROUS
Ten`ta*cu*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Tentaculum + -ferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing or bearing tentacles.

TENTACULIFORM
Ten`ta*cu"li*form, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Shaped like a tentacle.

TENTACULITE
Ten*tac"u*lite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small, conical fossil shells
found in Paleozoic rocks. They are supposed to be pteropods.

TENTACULOCYST
Ten*tac"u*lo*cyst, n. Etym: [Tentaculum + cyst.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the auditory organs of certain medusæ; -- called also
auditory tentacle.

TENTACULUM
Ten*tac"u*lum, n.; pl. Tentacula. Etym: [NL. See Tentacle.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tentacle.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the stiff hairs situated about the mouth, or on the
face, of many animals, and supposed to be tactile organs; a tactile
hair.

TENTAGE
Tent"age, n. Etym: [From Tent a pavilion.]

Defn: A collection of tents; an encampment. [Obs.] Drayton.

TENTATION
Ten*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. tentatio: cf. F. tentation. See
Temptation.]

1. Trial; temptation. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A mode of adjusting or operating by repeated trials or
experiments. Knight.

TENTATIVE
Ten*ta"tive, a. Etym: [L. tentare to try: cf. F. tentatif. See
Tempt.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a trial or trials; essaying; experimental.
"A slow, tentative manner." Carlyle.
 -- Ten*ta"tive*ly, adv.

TENTATIVE
Ten*ta"tive, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tentative.]

Defn: An essay; a trial; an experiment. Berkley.

TENTED
Tent"ed, a.

Defn: Covered with tents.

TENTER
Ten"ter, n.

1. One who takes care of, or tends, machines in a factory; a kind of
assistant foreman.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A kind of governor.

TENTER
Ten"ter, n. Etym: [OE. tenture, tentoure, OF. tenture a stretching,
spreading, F. tenture hangings, tapestry, from L. tendere, tentum, to
stretch. See Tend to move.]

Defn: A machine or frame for stretching cloth by means of hooks,
called tenter-hooks, so that it may dry even and square. Tenter
ground, a place where tenters are erected.
 -- Tenter-hook, a sharp, hooked nail used for fastening cloth on a
tenter.
 -- To be on the tenters, or on the tenter-hooks, to be on the
stretch; to be in distress, uneasiness, or suspense. Hudibras.

TENTER
Ten"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tentered; p. pr. & vb. n. Tentering.]

Defn: To admit extension.
Woolen cloth will tenter, linen scarcely. Bacon.

TENTER
Ten"ter, v. t.

Defn: To hang or stretch on, or as on, tenters.

TENTFUL
Tent"ful, n.; pl. Tentfuls (.

Defn: As much, or as many, as a tent will hold.

TENTH
Tenth, a. Etym: [From Ten: cf. OE. tethe, AS. teó. See Ten, and cf.
Tithe.]

1. Next in order after the ninth; coming after nine others.

2. Constituting or being one of ten equal parts into which anything
is divided.

TENTH
Tenth, n.

1. The next in order after the ninth; one coming after nine others.

2. The quotient of a unit divided by ten; one of ten equal parts into
which anything is divided.

3. The tenth part of annual produce, income, increase, or the like; a
tithe. Shak.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: The interval between any tone and the tone represented on the
tenth degree of the staff above it, as between one of the scale and
three of the octave above; the octave of the third.

5. pl. (Eng. Law)
(a) A temporary aid issuing out of personal property, and granted to
the king by Parliament; formerly, the real tenth part of all the
movables belonging to the subject.
(b) (Eccl. Law) The tenth part of the annual profit of every living
in the kingdom, formerly paid to the pope, but afterward transferred
to the crown. It now forms a part of the fund called Queen Anne's
Bounty. Burrill.

TENTHLY
Tenth"ly, adv.

Defn: In a tenth manner.

TENTHMETER; TENTHMETRE
Tenth"me`ter, Tenth"me`tre, n. (Physics)

Defn: A unit for the measurement of many small lengths, such that
1010 of these units make one meter; the ten millionth part of a
millimeter.

TENTHREDINIDES
Ten`thre*din"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Hymneoptera comprising the sawflies.

TENTIF
Ten"tif, a.

Defn: Attentive. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TENTIFLY
Ten"tif*ly, adv.

Defn: Attentively. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TENTIGINOUS
Ten*tig"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. tentigo, -inis, a tension,
lecherousness, fr. tendere, tentum, to stretch.]

1. Stiff; stretched; strained. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. Lustful, or pertaining to lust. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

TENTMAKER
Tent"mak`er, n.

Defn: One whose occupation it is to make tents. Acts xviii. 3.

TENTORIUM
Ten*to"ri*um, n. Etym: [L., a tent.] (Anat.)

Defn: A fold of the dura mater which separates the cerebellum from
the cerebrum and often incloses a process or plate of the skull
called the bony tentorium.

TENTORY
Tent"o*ry, n. Etym: [L. tentorium a tent.]

Defn: The awning or covering of a tent. [Obs.] Evelyn.

TENTWORT
Tent"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of small fern, the wall rue. See under Wall.

TENUATE
Ten"u*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tenuated; p. pr. & vb. n. Tenuating.]
Etym: [L. tenuatus, p.p. of tenuare to make thin, fr. tenuis thin.
See Tenuous.]

Defn: To make thin; to attenuate. [R.]

TENUIFOLIOUS
Ten`u*i*fo"li*ous, a. Etym: [L. tenuis thin + folium a leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having thin or narrow leaves.

TENUIOUS
Te*nu"i*ous, a. Etym: [See Tenuous.]

Defn: Rare or subtile; tenuous; -- opposed to dense. [Obs.] Glanvill.

TENUIROSTER
Ten`u*i*ros"ter, n.; pl. Tenuirosters. Etym: [NL., fr. L. tenuis thin
+ rostrum a beak.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Tenuirostres.

TENUIROSTRAL
Ten`u*i*ros"tral, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Thin-billed; -- applied to birds with a slender bill, as the
humming birds.

TENUIROSTRES
Ten`u*i*ros"tres, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An artificial group of passerine birds having slender bills, as
the humming birds.

TENUIS
Ten"u*is, n.; pl. Tenues. Etym: [NL., fr. L. tenuis fine, thin. See
Tenuous.] (Gr. Gram.)

Defn: One of the three surd mutes k, p, t; -- so called in relation
to their respective middle letters, or medials, g, b, d, and their
aspirates, x, f, th. The term is also applied to the corresponding
letters and articulate elements in other languages.

TENUITY
Te*nu"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. tenuitas, from tenuis thin: cf. F. ténuité.
See Tenuous.]

1. The quality or state of being tenuous; thinness, applied to a
broad substance; slenderness, applied to anything that is long; as,
the tenuity of a leaf; the tenuity of a hair.

2. Rarily; rareness; thinness, as of a fluid; as, the tenuity of the
air; the tenuity of the blood. Bacon.

3. Poverty; indigence. [Obs.] Eikon Basilike.

4. Refinement; delicacy.

TENUOUS
Ten"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. tenuis thin. See Thin, and cf. Tenuis.]

1. Thin; slender; small; minute.

2. Rare; subtile; not dense; -- said of fluids.

Defn: Lacking substance, as a tenuous argument.

TENURE
Ten"ure, n. Etym: [F. tenure, OF. teneure, fr. F. tenir to hold. See
Tenable.]

1. The act or right of holding, as property, especially real estate.
That the tenure of estates might rest on equity, the Indian title to
lands was in all cases to be quieted. Bancroft.

2. (Eng. Law)

Defn: The manner of holding lands and tenements of a superior.

Note: Tenure is inseparable from the idea of property in land,
according to the theory of the English law; and this idea of tenure
pervades, to a considerable extent, the law of real property in the
United States, where the title to land is essentially allodial, and
almost all lands are held in fee simple, not of a superior, but the
whole right and title to the property being vested in the owner.
Tenure, in general, then, is the particular manner of holding real
estate, as by exclusive title or ownership, by fee simple, by fee
tail, by courtesy, in dower, by copyhold, by lease, at will, etc.

3. The consideration, condition, or service which the occupier of
land gives to his lord or superior for the use of his land.

4. Manner of holding, in general; as, in absolute governments, men
hold their rights by a precarious tenure.
All that seems thine own, Held by the tenure of his will alone.
Cowper.
Tenure by fee alms. (Law) See Frankalmoigne.

TEOCALLI
Te`o*cal"li, n.; pl. Teocallis. Etym: [Mexican.]

Defn: Literally, God's house; a temple, usually of pyramidal form,
such as were built by the aborigines of Mexico, Yucatan, etc.
And Aztec priests upon their teocallis Beat the wild war-drums made
of serpent's skin. Longfellow.

TEOSINTE
Te`o*sin"te, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A large grass (Euchlæna luxurians) closely related to maize. It
is native of Mexico and Central America, but is now cultivated for
fodder in the Southern United States and in many warm countries.
Called also Guatemala grass.

TEPAL
Tep"al, n. Etym: [F. tépale, fr. pétale, by transposition.] (Bot.)

Defn: A division of a perianth. [R.]

TEPEE
Tep*ee", n.

Defn: An Indian wigwam or tent.

TEPEFACTION
Tep`e*fac"tion, n.

Defn: Act of tepefying.

TEPEFY
Tep"e*fy, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Tepefied; p. pr. & vb. n.
Tepefying.] Etym: [L. tepere to be tepid + -fy; cf. L. tepefacere.
See Tepid.]

Defn: To make or become tepid, or moderately warm. Goldsmith.

TEPHRAMANCY
Teph"ra*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by the ashes of the altar on which a victim had been
consumed in sacrifice.

TEPHRITE
Teph"rite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: An igneous rock consisting essentially of plagioclase and
either leucite or nephelite, or both.

TEPHROITE
Teph"ro*ite, n. Etym: [See Tephrosia.] (Min.)

Defn: A silicate of manganese of an ash-gray color.

TEPHROSIA
Te*phro"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous shrubby plants and herbs, mostly found in
tropical countries, a few herbaceous species being North American.
The foliage is often ashy-pubescent, whence the name.

Note: The Tephrosia toxicaria is used in the West Indies and in
Polynesia for stupefying fish. T. purpurea is used medicinally in the
East Indies. T. Virginia is the goat's rue of the United States.

TEPID
Tep"id, a. Etym: [L. tepidus, fr. tepere to be warm; akin to Skr. tap
to be warm, tapas heat.]

Defn: Moderately warm; lukewarm; as, a tepid bath; tepid rays; tepid
vapors.
 -- Tep"id*ness, n.

TEPIDITY
Te*pid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tépidité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being tepid; moderate warmth;
lukewarmness; tepidness. Jer. Taylor.

TEPOR
Te"por, n. Etym: [L., fr. tepere to be tepid.]

Defn: Gentle heat; moderate warmth; tepidness. Arbuthnot.

TEQUILA
Te*qui"la, n.

Defn: An intoxicating liquor made from the maguey in the district of
Tequila, Mexico.

TER-
Ter-.

Defn: A combining form from L. ter signifying three times, thrice.
See Tri-, 2.

TERACONIC
Ter`a*con"ic, a. Etym: [Terebic + citraconic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the
distillation of terebic acid, and homologous with citraconic acid.

TERACRYLIC
Ter`a*cryl"ic, a. Etym: [Terpene + acrylic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the acrylic
series, obtained by the distillation of terpenylic acid, as an only
substance having a peculiar cheesy odor.

TERAPH
Ter"aph, n.; pl. Teraphs (.

Defn: See Teraphim.

TERAPHIM
Ter"a*phim, n. pl. Etym: [Heb. teraphim.]

Defn: Images connected with the magical rites used by those
Israelites who added corrupt practices to the patriarchal religion.
Teraphim were consulted by the Israelites for oracular answers. Dr.
W. Smith (Bib. Dict.).

TERAPIN
Ter"a*pin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Terrapin.

TERATICAL
Te*rat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Wonderful; ominous; prodigious. [Obs.] Wollaston.

TERATOGENY
Ter`a*tog"e*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The formation of monsters.

TERATOID
Ter"a*toid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resembling a monster; abnormal; of a pathological growth,
exceedingly complex or highly organized. S. D. Gross.

TERATOLOGICAL
Ter`a*to*log"ic*al, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to teratology; as, teratological changes.

TERATOLOGY
Ter`a*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. Gr. tératologie.]

1. That branch of biological science which treats of monstrosities,
malformations, or deviations from the normal type of structure,
either in plants or animals.

2. Affectation of sublimity; bombast. [Obs.] Bailey.

TERATOMA
Ter`a*to"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A tumor, sometimes found in newborn children, which is made up
of a heterigenous mixture of tissues, as of bone, cartilage and
muscle.

TERBIC
Ter"bic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, terbium; also, designating
certain of its compounds.

TERBIUM
Ter"bi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Ytterby, in Sweden. See Erbium.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element, of uncertain identification, supposed
to exist in certain minerals, as gadolinite and samarskite, with
other rare ytterbium earth. Symbol Tr or Tb. Atomic weight 150.

TERCE
Terce, n.

Defn: See Tierce.

TERCEL
Ter"cel, n.

Defn: See Tiercel. Called also tarsel, tassel. Chaucer.

TERCELET
Terce"let, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A male hawk or eagle; a tiercelet. Chaucer.

TERCELLENE
Ter"cel*lene, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small male hawk. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

TERCENTENARY
Ter*cen"te*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. ter thirce + E. centenary.]

Defn: Including, or relating to, an interval of three hundred years.
 -- n.

Defn: The three hundredth anniversary of any event; also, a
celebration of such an anniversary.

TERCET
Ter"cet, n. Etym: [F., fr. It. terzetto, dim. of terzo, third, L.
tertius. See Tierce, and cf. Terzetto.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A triplet. Hiles.

2. (Poetry)

Defn: A triplet; a group of three lines.

TERCINE
Ter"cine, n. Etym: [F., from L. tertius the third.] (Bot.)

Defn: A cellular layer derived from the nucleus of an ovule and
surrounding the embryo sac. Cf. Quintine.

TEREBATE
Ter"e*bate, n.

Defn: A salt of terebic acid.

TEREBENE
Ter"e*bene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A polymeric modification of terpene, obtained as a white
crystalline camphorlike substance; -- called also camphene. By
extension, any one of a group of related substances.

TEREBENTHENE
Ter`e*ben"thene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Oil of turpentine. See Turpentine.

TEREBIC
Te*reb"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, terbenthene (oil of
turpentine); specifically, designating an acid, C7H10O4, obtained by
the oxidation of terbenthene with nitric acid, as a white crystalline
substance.

TEREBILENIC
Ter`e*bi*len"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex acid, C7H8O4,
obtained as a white crystalline substance by a modified oxidation of
terebic acid.

TEREBINTH
Ter"e*binth, n. Etym: [L. terbinthus, Gr. térébinthe. Cf.
Turpentine.] (Bot.)

Defn: The turpentine tree.

TEREBINTHIC
Ter`e*bin"thic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to turpentine; resembling turpentine;
terbinthine; as, terbinthic qualities.

TEREBINTHINATE
Ter`e*bin"thi*nate, a.

Defn: Impregnating with the qualities of turpentine; terbinthine.

TEREBINTHINE
Ter`e*bin"thine, a. Etym: [L. terbinthinus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to turpentine; consisting of turpentine, or
partaking of its qualities.

TEREBRA
Ter"e*bra, n.; pl. E. Terebras, L. Terebræ. Etym: [L., a borer.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine gastropods having a long, tapering spire.
They belong to the Toxoglossa. Called also auger shell.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The boring ovipositor of a hymenopterous insect.

TEREBRANT
Ter"e*brant, a. Etym: [L. terebrans, -antis, p.pr.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Boring, or adapted for boring; -- said of certain Hymenoptera,
as the sawflies.

TEREBRANTIA
Ter`e*bran"ti*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Hymenoptera including those which have an
ovipositor adapted for perforating plants. It includes the sawflies.

TEREBRATE
Ter"e*brate, v. t. Etym: [L. terebratus, p.p. of terebrare, from
terebra a borer, terere to rub.]

Defn: To perforate; to bore; to pierce. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

TEREBRATING
Ter"e*bra`ting, a.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Boring; perforating; -- applied to molluskas which form holes
in rocks, wood, etc.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Boring; piercing; -- applied to certain kinds of pain,
especially to those of locomotor ataxia.

TEREBRATION
Ter`e*bra"tion, n. Etym: [L. terebratio.]

Defn: The act of terebrating, or boring. [R.] Bacon.

TEREBRATULA
Ter`e*brat"u*la, n.; pl. Terebratulæ. Etym: [Nl., dim. fr.
terebratus, p.p., perforated.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of brachiopods which includes many living and some
fossil species. The larger valve has a perforated beak, through which
projects a short peduncle for attachment. Called also lamp shell.

TEREBRATULID
Ter`e*brat"u*lid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Terebratula or allied genera. Used also
adjectively.

TEREBRATULIFORM
Ter`e*bra*tu"li*form, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the general form of a terebratula shell.

TEREDINE
Ter"e*dine, n. Etym: [F. térédine.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A borer; the teredo.

TEREDO
Te*re"do, n.; pl. E. Teredos, L. Teredines. Etym: [L., a worm that
gnaws wood, clothes, etc.; akin to Gr. terere to rub.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of long, slender, wormlike bivalve mollusks which bore
into submerged wood, such as the piles of wharves, bottoms of ships,
etc.; -- called also shipworm. See Shipworm. See Illust. in App.

TEREK
Ter"ek, n. [Because found on the Terek River in the Caucasus.]

Defn: A sandpiper (Terekia cinerea) of the Old World, breeding in the
far north of eastern Europe and Asia and migrating to South Africa
and Australia. It frequents rivers.

TEREPHTHALATE
Ter*eph"tha*late, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of terephthalic acid.

TEREPHTHALIC
Ter`eph*thal"ic, a. Etym: [Terebene + phthalic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid of the
aromatic series, metameric with phthalic acid, and obtained, as a
tasteless white crystalline powder, by the oxidation of oil of
turpentine; -- called also paraphthalic acid. Cf. Phthalic.

TERET
Ter"et, a.

Defn: Round; terete. [Obs.] Fotherby.

TERETE
Te*rete", a. Etym: [L. teres, -etis, rounded off, properly, rubbed
off, fr. terere to rub.]

Defn: Cylindrical and slightly tapering; columnar, as some stems of
plants.

TERETIAL
Te*re"tial, a. Etym: [See Terete.] (Anat.)

Defn: Rounded; as, the teretial tracts in the floor of the fourth
ventricle of the brain of some fishes. Owen.

TERETOUS
Ter"e*tous, a.

Defn: Terete. [Obs.]

TERGAL
Ter"gal, a. Etym: [L. tergum the back.] (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to back, or tergum. See Dorsal.

TERGANT
Ter"gant, a. (Her.)

Defn: Showing the back; as, the eagle tergant. [Written also
tergiant.]

TERGEMINAL; TERGEMINATE
Ter*gem"i*nal, Ter*gem"i*nate, a. Etym: [See Tergeminous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Thrice twin; having three pairs of leaflets.

TERGEMINOUS
Ter*gem"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. tergeminus; ter thrice + geminus doubled
at birth, twin-born. Cf. Trigeminous.]

Defn: Threefold; thrice-paired. Blount.

TERGIFEROUS
Ter*gif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. tergum the back + -ferous.]

Defn: Carrying or bearing upon the back. Tergiferous plants (Bot.),
plants which bear their seeds on the back of their leaves, as ferns.

TERGITE
Ter"gite, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dorsal portion of an arthromere or somite of an articulate
animal. See Illust. under Coleoptera.

TERGIVERSATE
Ter"gi*ver*sate, v. i. Etym: [L. tergiversatus, p.p. of tergiversari
to turn one's back, to shift; tergum back + versare, freq. of vertere
to turn. See Verse.]

Defn: To shift; to practice evasion; to use subterfuges; to shuffle.
[R.] Bailey.

TERGIVERSATION
Ter`gi*ver*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. tergiversario: cf. F.
tergiversation.]

1. The act of tergiversating; a shifting; shift; subterfuge; evasion.
Writing is to be preferred before verbal conferences, as being freer
from passions and tergiversations. Abp. Bramhall.

2. Fickleness of conduct; inconstancy; change.
The colonel, after all his tergiversations, lost his life in the
king's service. Clarendon.

TERGIVERSATOR
Ter"gi*ver*sa`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who tergiversates; one who suffles, or practices evasion.

TERGUM
Ter"gum, n.; pl. Terga. Etym: [L., the back.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The back of an animal.
(b) The dorsal piece of a somite of an articulate animal.
(c) One of the dorsal plates of the operculum of a cirriped.

TERIN
Te"rin, n. Etym: [F. tarin, Prov. F. tairin, térin, probably from the
Picard tère tender.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small yellow singing bird, with an ash-colored head; the
European siskin. Called also tarin.

TERM
Term, n. Etym: [F. terme, L. termen, -inis, terminus, a boundary
limit, end; akin to Gr. Thrum a tuft, and cf. Terminus, Determine,
Exterminate.]

1. That which limits the extent of anything; limit; extremity; bound;
boundary.
Corruption is a reciprocal to generation, and they two are as
nature's two terms, or boundaries. Bacon.

2. The time for which anything lasts; any limited time; as, a term of
five years; the term of life.

3. In universities, schools, etc., a definite continuous period
during which instruction is regularly given to students; as, the
school year is divided into three terms.

4. (Geom.)

Defn: A point, line, or superficies, that limits; as, a line is the
term of a superficies, and a superficies is the term of a solid.

5. (Law)

Defn: A fixed period of time; a prescribed duration; as:
(a) The limitation of an estate; or rather, the whole time for which
an estate is granted, as for the term of a life or lives, or for a
term of years.
(b) A space of time granted to a debtor for discharging his
obligation.
(c) The time in which a court is held or is open for the trial of
causes. Bouvier.

Note: In England, there were formerly four terms in the year, during
which the superior courts were open: Hilary term, beginning on the
11th and ending on the 31st of January; Easter term, beginning on the
15th of April, and ending on the 8th of May; Trinity term, beginning
on the 22d day of May, and ending on the 12th of June; Michaelmas
term, beginning on the 2d and ending on the 25th day of November. The
rest of the year was called vacation. But this division has been
practically abolished by the Judicature Acts of 1873, 1875, which
provide for the more convenient arrangement of the terms and
vacations. In the United States, the terms to be observed by the
tribunals of justice are prescribed by the statutes of Congress and
of the several States.

6. (Logic)

Defn: The subject or the predicate of a proposition; one of the three
component parts of a syllogism, each one of which is used twice.
The subject and predicate of a proposition are, after Aristotle,
together called its terms or extremes. Sir W. Hamilton.

Note: The predicate of the conclusion is called the major term,
because it is the most general, and the subject of the conclusion is
called the minor term, because it is less general. These are called
the extermes; and the third term, introduced as a common measure
between them, is called the mean or middle term. Thus in the
following syllogism, --Every vegetable is combustible; Every tree is
a vegetable; Therefore every tree is combustible, -combustible, the
predicate of the conclusion, is the major term; tree is the minor
term; vegetable is the middle term.

7. A word or expression; specifically, one that has a precisely
limited meaning in certain relations and uses, or is peculiar to a
science, art, profession, or the like; as, a technical term. "Terms
quaint of law." Chaucer.
In painting, the greatest beauties can not always be expressed for
want of terms. Dryden.

8. (Arch.)

Defn: A quadrangular pillar, adorned on the top with the figure of a
head, as of a man, woman, or satyr; -- called also terminal figure.
See Terminus, n., 2 and 3.

Note: The pillar part frequently tapers downward, or is narrowest at
the base. Terms rudely carved were formerly used for landmarks or
boundaries. Gwilt.

9. (Alg.)

Defn: A member of a compound quantity; as, a or b in a + b; ab or cd
in ab - cd.

10. pl. (Med.)

Defn: The menses.

11. pl. (Law)

Defn: Propositions or promises, as in contracts, which, when assented
to or accepted by another, settle the contract and bind the parties;
conditions.

12. (Law)

Defn: In Scotland, the time fixed for the payment of rents.

Note: Terms legal and conventional in Scotland correspond to quarter
days in England and Ireland. There are two legal terms -- Whitsunday,
May 15, and Martinmas, Nov. 11; and two conventional terms --
Candlemas, Feb. 2, and Lammas day, Aug. 1. Mozley & W.

13. (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of carved work placed under each end of the taffrail.
J. Knowels. In term, in set terms; in formal phrase. [Obs.]
I can not speak in term. Chaucer.
-- Term fee (Law) (a), a fee by the term, chargeable to a suitor, or
by law fixed and taxable in the costs of a cause for each or any term
it is in court.
 -- Terms of a proportion (Math.), the four members of which it is
composed.
 -- To bring to terms, to compel (one) to agree, assent, or submit;
to force (one) to come to terms.
 -- To make terms, to come to terms; to make an agreement: to agree.

Syn.
 -- Limit; bound; boundary; condition; stipulation; word; expression.
 -- Term, Word. These are more frequently interchanged than almost
any other vocables that occur of the language. There is, however, a
difference between them which is worthy of being kept in mind. Word
is generic; it denotes an utterance which represents or expresses our
thoughts and feelings. Term originally denoted one of the two
essential members of a proposition in logic, and hence signifies a
word of specific meaning, and applicable to a definite class of
objects. Thus, we may speak of a scientific or a technical term, and
of stating things in distinct terms. Thus we say, "the term minister
literally denotes servant;" "an exact definition of terms is
essential to clearness of thought;" "no term of reproach can
sufficiently express my indignation;" "every art has its peculiar and
distinctive terms," etc. So also we say, "purity of style depends on
the choice of words, and precision of style on a clear understanding
of the terms used." Term is chiefly applied to verbs, nouns, and
adjectives, these being capable of standing as terms in a logical
proposition; while prepositions and conjunctions, which can never be
so employed, are rarely spoken of as terms, but simply as words.

TERM
Term, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Termed; p. pr. & vb. n. Terming.] Etym:
[See Term, n., and cf. Terminate.]

Defn: To apply a term to; to name; to call; to denominate.
Men term what is beyond the limits of the universe "imaginary space."
Locke.

TERMA
Ter"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Term, n.] (Anat.)

Defn: The terminal lamina, or thin ventral part, of the anterior wall
of the third ventricle of the brain. B. G. Wilder.

TERMAGANCY
Ter"ma*gan*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being termagant; turbulence;
tumultuousness; as, a violent termagancy of temper.

TERMAGANT
Ter"ma*gant, n. Etym: [OE. Trivigant, Termagant, Termagant (in sense
1), OF. Tervagan; cf. It. Trivigante.]

1. An imaginary being supposed by the Christians to be a Mohammedan
deity or false god. He is represented in the ancient moralities,
farces, and puppet shows as extremely vociferous and tumultous.
[Obs.] Chaucer. "And oftentimes by Termagant and Mahound [Mahomet]
swore." Spenser.
The lesser part on Christ believed well, On Termagant the more, and
on Mahound. Fairfax.

2. A boisterous, brawling, turbulent person; -- formerly applied to
both sexes, now only to women.
This terrible termagant, this Nero, this Pharaoh. Bale (1543).
The slave of an imperious and reckless termagant. Macaulay.

TERMAGANT
Ter"ma*gant, a.

Defn: Tumultuous; turbulent; boisterous; furious; quarrelsome;
scolding.
 -- Ter"ma*gant*ly, adv.
A termagant, imperious, prodigal, profligate wench. Arbuthnot.

TERMATARIUM
Ter`ma*ta"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Termes.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any nest or dwelling of termes, or white ants.

TERMATARY
Ter"ma*ta*ry, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Termatarium.

TERM DAY
Term day.

Defn: A day which is a term (as for payment of rent), or is a day in
a term, as of the sitting of a court; esp., one of a series of
special days, designated by scientists of different nations or
stations, for making synoptic magnetic, meteorological, or other
physical observations.

TERMER
Term"er, n.

1. One who resorted to London during the law term only, in order to
practice tricks, to carry on intrigues, or the like. [Obs.] [Written
also termor.] B. Jonson.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who has an estate for a term of years or for life.

TERMES
Ter"mes, n.; pl. Termities. Etym: [L. termes, tarmes, -itis, a
woodworm. Cf. Termite.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Pseudoneuroptera including the white ants, or
termites. See Termite.

TERMINABLE
Ter"mi*na*ble, a. Etym: [See Terminate.]

Defn: Capable of being terminated or bounded; limitable.
 -- Ter"mi*na*ble*ness, n. Terminable annuity, an annuity for a
stated, definite number of years; -- distinguished from life annuity,
and perpetual annuity.

TERMINAL
Ter"mi*nal, a. Etym: [L. terminals: cf. F. terminal. See Term, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to the end or extremity; forming the extremity;
as, a terminal edge.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing at the end of a branch or stem; terminating; as, a
terminal bud, flower, or spike. Terminal moraine. See the Note under
Moraine.
 -- Terminal statue. See Terminus, n., 2 and 3.
 -- Terminal velocity. (a) The velocity acquired at the end of a
body's motion. (b) The limit toward which the velocity of a body
approaches, as of a body falling through the air.

TERMINAL
Ter"mi*nal, n.

1. That which terminates or ends; termination; extremity.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: Either of the ends of the conducting circuit of an electrical
apparatus, as an inductorium, dynamo, or electric motor, usually
provided with binding screws for the attachment of wires by which a
current may be conveyed into or from the machine; a pole.

TERMINALIA
Ter`mi*na"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A festival celebrated annually by the Romans on February 23 in
honor of Terminus, the god of boundaries.

TERMINANT
Ter"mi*nant, n. Etym: [L. terminans, p.pr. of terminare.]

Defn: Termination; ending. [R.] Puttenham.

TERMINATE
Ter"mi*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Terminated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Terminating.] Etym: [L. terminatus, p.p. of terminare. See Term.]

1. To set a term or limit to; to form the extreme point or side of;
to bound; to limit; as, to terminate a surface by a line.

2. To put an end to; to make to cease; as, to terminate an effort, or
a controversy.

3. Hence, to put the finishing touch to; to bring to completion; to
perfect.
During this interval of calm and prosperity, he [Michael Angelo]
terminated two figures of slaves, destined for the tomb, in an
incomparable style of art. J. S. Harford.

TERMINATE
Ter"mi*nate, v. i.

1. To be limited in space by a point, line, or surface; to stop
short; to end; to cease; as, the torrid zone terminates at the
tropics.

2. To come to a limit in time; to end; to close.
The wisdom of this world, its designs and efficacy, terminate on zhis
side heaven. South.

TERMINATION
Ter`mi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. terminatio a bounding, fixing,
determining: cf. F. terminasion, OF. also termination. See Term.]

1. The act of terminating, or of limiting or setting bounds; the act
of ending or concluding; as, a voluntary termination of hostilities.

2. That which ends or bounds; limit in space or extent; bound; end;
as, the termination of a line.

3. End in time or existence; as, the termination of the year, or of
life; the termination of happiness.

4. End; conclusion; result. Hallam.

5. Last purpose of design. [R.]

6. A word; a term. [R. & Obs.] Shak.

7. (Gram.)

Defn: The ending of a word; a final syllable or letter; the part
added to a stem in inflection.

TERMINATIONAL
Ter`mi*na"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to termination; forming a termination.

TERMINATIVE
Ter"mi*na*tive, a.

Defn: Tending or serving to terminate; terminating; determining;
definitive. Bp. Rust.
 -- Ter"mi*na*tive*ly, adv. Jer. Taylor.

TERMINATOR
Ter"mi*na`tor, n. Etym: [L., he who limits or sets bounds.]

1. One who, or that which, terminates.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The dividing line between the illuminated and the unilluminated
part of the moon.

TERMINATORY
Ter"mi*na*to*ry, a.

Defn: Terminative.

TERMINE
Ter"mine, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. terminer.]

Defn: To terminate. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

TERMINER
Ter"mi*ner, n. Etym: [F. terminer to bound, limit, end. See
Terminate.] (Law)

Defn: A determining; as, in oyer and terminer. See Oyer.

TERMINISM
Ter"mi*nism, n.

Defn: The doctrine held by the Terminists.

TERMINIST
Ter"mi*nist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. terministe.] (Theol.)

Defn: One of a class of theologians who maintain that God has fixed a
certain term for the probation of individual persons, during which
period, and no longer, they have the offer to grace. Murdock.

TERMINOLOGICAL
Ter`mi*no*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to terminology.
 -- Ter`mi*no*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

TERMINOLOGY
Ter`mi*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. terminus term + -logy: cf. F.
terminologie.]

1. The doctrine of terms; a theory of terms or appellations; a
treatise on terms.

2. The terms actually used in any business, art, science, or the
like; nomenclature; technical terms; as, the terminology of
chemistry.
The barbarous effect produced by a German structure of sentence, and
a terminology altogether new. De Quincey.

TERM INSURANCE
Term insurance.

Defn: Insurance for a specified term providing for no payment to the
insured except upon losses during the term, and becoming void upon
its expiration.

TERMINUS
Ter"mi*nus, n.; pl. Termini. Etym: [L. See Term.]

1. Literally, a boundary; a border; a limit.

2. (Myth.)

Defn: The Roman divinity who presided over boundaries, whose statue
was properly a short pillar terminating in the bust of a man, woman,
satyr, or the like, but often merely a post or stone stuck in the
ground on a boundary line.

3. Hence, any post or stone marking a boundary; a term. See Term, 8.

4. Either end of a railroad line; also, the station house, or the
town or city, at that place.

TERMITE
Ter"mite, n.; pl. Termites. Etym: [F. See Termes.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of pseudoneoropterous insects
belonging to Termes and allied genera; -- called also white ant. See
Illust. of White ant.

Note: They are very abundant in tropical countries, and are noted for
their destructive habits, their large nests, their remarkable social
instincts, and their division of labor among the polymorphic
individuals of several kinds. Besides the males and females, each
nest has ordinary workers, and large-headed individuals called
soldiers.

TERMLESS
Term"less, a.

1. Having no term or end; unlimited; boundless; unending; as,
termless time. [R.] "Termless joys." Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Inexpressible; indescribable. [R.] Shak.

TERMLY
Term"ly, a.

Defn: Occurring every term; as, a termly fee. [R.] Bacon.

TERMLY
Term"ly, adv.

Defn: Term by term; every term. [R.] "Fees . . . that are termly
given." Bacon.

TERMONOLOGY
Ter`mo*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: Terminology. [R.]

TERMOR
Term"or, n. (Law)

Defn: Same as Termer, 2.

TERM POLICY
Term policy.

Defn: A policy of term insurance.

TERN
Tern, n. Etym: [Dan. terne, tærne; akin to Sw. tärna, Icel. ; cf. NL.
sterna.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of long-winged aquatic birds,
allied to the gulls, and belonging to Sterna and various allied
genera.

Note: Terns differ from gulls chiefly in their graceful form, in
their weaker and more slender bills and feet, and their longer and
more pointed wings. The tail is usually forked. Most of the species
are white with the back and wings pale gray, and often with a dark
head. The common European tern (Sterna hirundo) is found also in Asia
and America. Among other American species are the arctic tern (S.
paradisæa), the roseate tern (S. Dougalli), the least tern (S.
Antillarum), the royal tern (S. maxima), and the sooty tern (S.
fuliginosa). Hooded tern. See Fairy bird, under Fairy.
 -- Marsh tern, any tern of the genus Hydrochelidon. They frequent
marshes and rivers and feed largely upon insects.
 -- River tern, any tern belonging to Seëna or allied genera which
frequent rivers.
 -- Sea tern, any tern of the genus Thalasseus. Terns of this genus
have very long, pointed wings, and chiefly frequent seas and the
mouths of large rivers.

TERN
Tern, a. Etym: [L. pl. terni three each, three; akin to tres three.
See Three, and cf. Trine.]

Defn: Threefold; triple; consisting of three; ternate. Tern flowers
(Bot.), flowers growing three and three together.
 -- Tern leaves (Bot.), leaves arranged in threes, or three by three,
or having three in each whorl or set.
 -- Tern peduncles (Bot.), three peduncles growing together from the
same axis.
 -- Tern schooner (Naut.), a three-masted schooner.

TERN
Tern, n. Etym: [F. terne. See Tern, a.]

Defn: That which consists of, or pertains to, three things or numbers
together; especially, a prize in a lottery resulting from the
favorable combination of three numbers in the drawing; also, the
three numbers themselves.
She'd win a tern in Thursday's lottery. Mrs. Browning.

TERNARY
Ter"na*ry, a. Etym: [L. ternarius, fr. terni. See Tern, a.]

1. Proceeding by threes; consisting of three; as, the ternary number
was anciently esteemed a symbol of perfection, and held in great
veneration.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Containing, or consisting of, three different parts, as
elements, atoms, groups, or radicals, which are regarded as having
different functions or relations in the molecule; thus, sodic
hydroxide, NaOH, is a ternary compound.

TERNARY
Ter"na*ry, n.; pl. Ternaries (.

Defn: A ternion; the number three; three things taken together; a
triad.
Some in ternaries, some in pairs, and some single. Holder.

TERNATE
Ter"nate, a. Etym: [NL. ternatus, fr. L. terni three each. See Tern,
a.]

Defn: Having the parts arranged by threes; as, ternate branches,
leaves, or flowers.
 -- Ter"nate*ly, adv.

TERNEPLATE
Terne"plate`, n. Etym: [See Tern, a., and Plate.]

Defn: Thin iron sheets coated with an alloy of lead and tin; -- so
called because made up of three metals.

TERNION
Ter"ni*on, n. Etym: [L. ternio, fr. terni three each. See Tern, a.]

Defn: The number three; three things together; a ternary. Bp. Hall.

TERPENE
Ter"pene, n. Etym: [See Turpentine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of isomeric hydrocarbons of pleasant
aromatic odor, occurring especially in coniferous plants and
represented by oil of turpentine, but including also certain
hydrocarbons found in some essential oils.

TERPENTIC
Ter*pen"tic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Terpenylic.

TERPENYLIC
Ter`pe*nyl"ic, a. Etym: [Terpene + -yl + -ic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C8H12O4 (called
also terpentic acid), homologous with terebic acid, and obtained as a
white crystalline substance by the oxidation of oil of turpentine
with chromic acid.

TERPILENE
Ter"pi*lene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A polymeric form of terpene, resembling terbene.

TERPIN
Ter"pin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance regarded as a hydrate of oil of
turpentine.

TERPINOL
Ter"pin*ol, n. Etym: [Terpin + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any oil substance having a hyacinthine odor, obtained by the
action of acids on terpin, and regarded as a related hydrate.

TERPSICHORE
Terp*sich"o*re, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: The Muse who presided over the choral song and the dance,
especially the latter.

TERPSICHOREAN
Terp`sich*o*re"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Terpsichore; of or pertaining to dancing.

TERRA
Ter"ra, n. Etym: [It. & L. See Terrace.]

Defn: The earth; earth. Terra alba Etym: [L., white earth] (Com.), a
white amorphous earthy substance consisting of burnt gypsum,
aluminium silicate (kaolin), or some similar ingredient, as magnesia.
It is sometimes used to adulterate certain foods, spices, candies,
paints, etc.
 -- Terra cotta. Etym: [It., fr. terra earth + cotta, fem. of cotto
cooked, L. coctus, p.p. of coquere to cook. See Cook, n.] Baked clay;
a kind of hard pottery used for statues, architectural decorations,
figures, vases, and the like.
 -- Terræ filius Etym: [L., son of the earth], formerly, one
appointed to write a satirical Latin poem at the public acts in the
University of Oxford; -- not unlike the prevaricator at Cambridge,
England.
 -- Terra firma Etym: [L.], firm or solid earth, as opposed to water.
 -- Terra Japonica. Etym: [NL.] Same as Gambier. It was formerly
supposed to be a kind of earth from Japan.
 -- Terra Lemnia Etym: [L., Lemnian earth], Lemnian earth. See under
Lemnian.
 -- Terra ponderosa Etym: [L., ponderous earth] (Min.), barite, or
heavy spar.
 -- Terra di Sienna. See Sienna.

TERRACE
Ter"race, n. Etym: [F. terrasse (cf. Sp. terraza, It. terrazza), fr.
L. terra the earth, probably for tersa, originally meaning, dry land,
and akin to torrere to parch, E. torrid, and thirst. See Thirst, and
cf. Fumitory, Inter, v., Patterre, Terrier, Trass, Tureen, Turmeric.]

1. A raised level space, shelf, or platform of earth, supported on
one or more sides by a wall, a bank of tuft, or the like, whether
designed for use or pleasure.

2. A balcony, especially a large and uncovered one.

3. A flat roof to a house; as, the buildings of the Oriental nations
are covered with terraces.

4. A street, or a row of houses, on a bank or the side of a hill;
hence, any street, or row of houses.

5. (Geol.)

Defn: A level plain, usually with a steep front, bordering a river, a
lake, or sometimes the sea.

Note: Many rivers are bordered by a series of terraces at different
levels, indicating the flood plains at successive periods in their
history. Terrace epoch. (Geol.) See Drift epoch, under Drift, a.

TERRACE
Ter"race, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Terraced; p. pr. & vb. n. Terracing.]

Defn: To form into a terrace or terraces; to furnish with a terrace
or terraces, as, to terrace a garden, or a building. Sir H. Wotton.
Clermont's terraced height, and Esher's groves. Thomson.

TERRACULTURE
Ter"ra*cul`ture, n. Etym: [L. terra the earth + cultura.]

Defn: Cultivation on the earth; agriculture. [R.] --
Ter`ra*cul"tur*al, a. [R.]

TERRA INCOGNITA
Ter"ra in*cog"ni*ta. [L.]

Defn: An unknown land; unexplored country.

The enormous tracts lying outside China proper, still almost terræ
incognitæ.
A. R. Colquhoun.

TERRANE
Ter"rane, n. Etym: [F. terrain, from L. terra earth.] (Geol.)

Defn: A group of rocks having a common age or origin; -- nearly
equivalent to formation, but used somewhat less comprehensively.

TERRAPIN
Ter"ra*pin, n. Etym: [Probably of American Indian origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of tortoises living in fresh and
brackish waters. Many of them are valued for food. [Written also
terapin, terrapen, terrapene, and turapen.]

Note: The yellow-bellied terrapin (Pseudemys acebra) of the Southern
United States, the red-bellied terrapin (Pseudemys rugosa), native of
the tributaries Chesapeake Bay (called also potter, slider, and
redfender), and the diamond-back or salt-marsh terrapin (Malaclemmys
palustris), are the most important American species. The diamond-back
terrapin is native of nearly the whole of the Atlantic coast of the
United States. Alligator terrapin, the snapping turtle.
 -- Mud terrapin, any one of numerous species of American tortoises
of the genus Cinosternon.
 -- Painted terrapin, the painted turtle. See under Painted.
 -- Speckled terrapin, a small fresh-water American terrapin
(Chelopus guttatus) having the carapace black with round yellow
spots; -- called also spotted turtle.

TERRAQUEOUS
Ter*ra"que*ous, a. Etym: [L. terra the earth + E. aqueous.]

Defn: Consisting of land and water; as, the earth is a terraqueous
globe. Cudworth.
The grand terraqueous spectacle From center to circumference
unveiled. Wordsworth.

TERRAR
Ter"rar, n. Etym: [LL. terrarius liber. See Terrier a collection of
acknowledgments.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: See 2d Terrier, 2.

TERRAS
Ter"ras, n. (Min.)

Defn: See .

TERREEN
Ter*reen", n.

Defn: See Turren.

TERREITY
Ter*re"i*ty, n.

Defn: Quality of being earthy; earthiness. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

TERREL
Ter"rel, n. Etym: [NL. terrella, from L. terra the earth.]

Defn: A spherical magnet so placed that its poles, equator, etc.,
correspond to those of the earth. [Obs.] Chambers.

TERREMOTE
Terre"mote`, n. Etym: [OF. terremote, terremoete, fr. L. terra the
earth + movere, motum, to move.]

Defn: An earthquake. [Obs.] Gower.

TERRENE
Ter*rene", n.

Defn: A tureen. [Obs.] Walpole.

TERRENE
Ter*rene", a. Etym: [L. terrenus, fr. terra the earth. See Terrace.]

1. Of or pertaining to the earth; earthy; as, terrene substance.
Holland.

2. Earthy; terrestrial.
God set before him a mortal and immortal life, a nature celestial and
terrene. Sir W. Raleigh.
Be true and faithful to the king and his heirs, and truth and faith
to bear of life and limb, and terrene honor. O. Eng. Oath of
Allegiance, quoted by Blackstone.
Common conceptions of the matters which lie at the basis of our
terrene experience. Hickok.

TERRENE
Ter*rene", n. Etym: [L. terrenum land, ground: cf. F. terrain.]

1. The earth's surface; the earth. [Poetic]
Tenfold the length of this terrene. Milton.

2. (Surv.)

Defn: The surface of the ground.

TERRENITY
Ter*ren"i*ty, n.

Defn: Earthiness; worldliness. [Obs.] "A dull and low terrenity."
Feltham.

TERREOUS
Ter"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. terreus, fr. terra the earth. See Terrace.]

Defn: Consisting of earth; earthy; as, terreous substances; terreous
particles. [Obs.]

TERREPLEIN
Terre"plein`, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. terra earth + planus even, level,
plain.] (Fort.)

Defn: The top, platform, or horizontal surface, of a rampart, on
which the cannon are placed. See Illust. of Casemate.

TERRESTRE
Ter*res"tre, a. Etym: [OE., from OF. & F. terrestre.]

Defn: Terrestrial; earthly. [Obs.] "His paradise terrestre." Chaucer.

TERRESTRIAL
Ter*res"tri*al, a. Etym: [L. terrestris, from terra the earth. See
Terrace.]

1. Of or pertaining to the earth; existing on the earth; earthly; as,
terrestrial animals. "Bodies terrestrial." 1 Cor. xv. 40.

2. Representing, or consisting of, the earth; as, a terrestrial
globe. "The dark terrestrial ball." Addison.

3. Of or pertaining to the world, or to the present state; sublunary;
mundane.
Vain labors of terrestrial wit. Spenser.
A genius bright and base, Of towering talents, and terrestrial aims.
Young.

4. Consisting of land, in distinction from water; belonging to, or
inhabiting, the land or ground, in distinction from trees, water, or
the like; as, terrestrial serpents.
The terrestrial parts of the globe. Woodward.

5. Adapted for the observation of objects on land and on the earth;
as, a terrestrial telescope, in distinction from an astronomical
telescope.
 -- Ter*res"tri*al*ly, adv.
 -- Ter*res"tri*al*ness, n.

TERRESTRIAL
Ter*res"tri*al, n.

Defn: An inhabitant of the earth.

TERRESTRIFY
Ter*res"tri*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. terrestris terrestrial + -fy.]

Defn: To convert or reduce into a condition like that of the earth;
to make earthy. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

TERRESTRIOUS
Ter*res"tri*ous, a. Etym: [See Terrestrial.]

Defn: Terrestrial. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

TERRET
Ter"ret, n.

Defn: One of the rings on the top of the saddle of a harness, through
which the reins pass.

TERRE-TENANT
Terre"-ten`ant, n. Etym: [F. terre earth, land + tenant, p.pr. of
tenir to hold.] (Law)

Defn: One who has the actual possession of land; the occupant.
[Written also ter-tenant.]

TERRE-VERTE
Terre"-verte`, n. Etym: [F., fr. terre earth + vert, verte, green.]

Defn: An olive-green earth used as a pigment. See Glauconite.

TERRIBLE
Ter"ri*ble, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. terribilis, fr. terrere to frighten.
See Terror.]

1. Adapted or likely to excite terror, awe, or dread; dreadful;
formidable.
Prudent in peace, and terrible in war. Prior.
Thou shalt not be affrighted at them; for the Lord thy God is among
you, a mighty God and terrible. Deut. vii. 21.

2. Excessive; extreme; severe. [Colloq.]
The terrible coldness of the season. Clarendon.

Syn.
 -- Terrific; fearful; frightful; formidable; dreadful; horrible;
shocking; awful.
 -- Ter"ri*ble*ness, n.
 -- Ter"ri*bly, adv.

TERRICOLAE
Ter*ric"o*læ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. terra + colere to inhabit.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of annelids including the common earthworms and
allied species.

TERRIENNIAK
Ter`ri*en"ni*ak, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The arctic fox.

TERRIER
Ter"ri*er, n. Etym: [CF. L. terere to rub, to rub away, terebra a
borer.]

Defn: An auger or borer. [Obs.]

TERRIER
Ter"ri*er, n.

1. Etym: [F. terrier, chien terrier, from terre the earth, L. terra;
cf. F. terrier a burrow, LL. terrarium a hillock (hence the sense, a
mound thrown up in making a burrow, a burrow). See Terrace, and cf.
Terrier, 2.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a breed of small dogs, which includes several distinct
subbreeds, some of which, such as the Skye terrier and Yorkshire
terrier, have long hair and drooping ears, while others, at the
English and the black-and-tan terriers, have short, close, smooth
hair and upright ears.

Note: Most kinds of terriers are noted for their courage, the
acuteness of their sense of smell, their propensity to hunt burrowing
animals, and their activity in destroying rats, etc. See Fox terrier,
under Fox.

2. Etym: [F. terrier, papier terrier, LL. terrarius liber, i.e., a
book belonging or pertaining to land or landed estates. See Terrier,
1, and cf. Terrar.] (Law)
(a) Formerly, a collection of acknowledgments of the vassals or
tenants of a lordship, containing the rents and services they owed to
the lord, and the like.
(b) In modern usage, a book or roll in which the lands of private
persons or corporations are described by their site, boundaries,
number of acres, or the like. [Written also terrar.]

TERRIFIC
Ter*rif"ic, a. Etym: [L. terrificus; fr. terrere to frighten + facere
to make. See Terror, and Fact.]

Defn: Causing terror; adapted to excite great fear or dread;
terrible; as, a terrific form; a terrific sight.

TERRIFICAL
Ter*rif"ic*al, a.

Defn: Terrific. [R.]

TERRIFICALLY
Ter*rif"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a terrific manner.

TERRIFY
Ter"ri*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Terrified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Terrifying.] Etym: [L. terrere to frighten + -fy: cf. F. terrifier,
L. terrificare. See Terrific, and -fy.]

1. To make terrible. [Obs.]
If the law, instead of aggravating and terrifying sin, shall give out
license, it foils itself. Milton.

2. To alarm or shock with fear; to frighten.
When ye shall hear of wars . . . be not terrified. Luke xxi. 9.

TERRIGENOUS
Ter*rig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. terrigena, terrigenus; terra the earth +
genere, gignere, to bring forth.]

Defn: Earthborn; produced by the earth.

TERRINE
Ter*rine", n. [F. See Tureen.]

1. A dish or pan, originally of earthenware, such as those in which
various dishes are cooked and served; esp., an earthenware jar
containing some table delicacy and sold with its contents.

2.  (Cookery) A kind of ragout formerly cooked and served in the same
dish; also, a dish consisting of several meats braised together and
served in a terrine.

3.  A soup tureen.

TERRITORIAL
Ter`ri*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. territorialis: cf. F. territorial.]

1. Of or pertaining to territory or land; as, territorial limits;
territorial jurisdiction.

2. Limited to a certain district; as, right may be personal or
territorial.

3. Of or pertaining to all or any of the Territories of the United
States, or to any district similarly organized elsewhere; as,
Territorial governments.

TERRITORIALIZE
Ter`ri*to"ri*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Territorialized; p. pr. &
vb. n. Territorializing.]

1. To enlarge by extension of territory.

2. To reduce to the condition of a territory.

TERRITORIALLY
Ter`ri*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In regard to territory; by means of territory.

TERRITORIAL WATERS
Ter`ri*to"ri*al wa"ters. (Internat. Law)

Defn: The waters under the territorial jurisdiction of a state;
specif., the belt (often called the marine belt or territorial sea)
of sea subject to such jurisdiction, and subject only to the right of
innocent passage by the vessels of other states.

Perhaps it may be said without impropriety that a state has
theoretically the right to extend its territorial waters from time to
time at its will with the increased range of guns. Whether it would
in practice be judicious to do so . . . is a widely different matter
. . . . In any case the custom of regulating a line three miles from
land as defining the boundary of marginal territorial waters is so
far fixed that a state must be supposed to accept it in absence of
express notice.
W. E. Hall.

TERRITORIED
Ter"ri*to*ried, a.

Defn: Possessed of territory. [R.]

TERRITORY
Ter"ri*to*ry, n.; pl. Territories. Etym: [L. territorium, from terra
the earth: cf. F. territoire. See Terrace.]

1. A large extent or tract of land; a region; a country; a district.
He looked, and saw wide territory spread Before him -- towns, and
rural works between. Milton.

2. The extent of land belonging to, or under the dominion of, a
prince, state, or other form of government; often, a tract of land
lying at a distance from the parent country or from the seat of
government; as, the territory of a State; the territories of the East
India Company.

3. In the United States, a portion of the country not included within
the limits of any State, and not yet admitted as a State into the
Union, but organized with a separate legislature, under a Territorial
governor and other officers appointed by the President and Senate of
the United States. In Canada, a similarly organized portion of the
country not yet formed into a Province.

TERROR
Ter"ror, n. Etym: [L. terror, akin to terrere to frighten, for
tersere; akin to Gr. tras to tremble, to be afraid, Russ. triasti to
shake: cf. F. terreur. Cf. Deter.]

1. Extreme fear; fear that agitates body and mind; violent dread;
fright.
Terror seized the rebel host. Milton.

2. That which excites dread; a cause of extreme fear.
Those enormous terrors of the Nile. Prior.
Rulers are not a terror to good works. Rom. xiii. 3.
There is no terror, Cassius, in your threats. Shak.

Note: Terror is used in the formation of compounds which are
generally self-explaining: as, terror-fraught, terror-giving, terror-
smitten, terror-stricken, terror-struck, and the like. King of
terrors, death. Job xviii. 14.
 -- Reign of Terror. (F. Hist.) See in Dictionary of Noted Names in
Fiction.

Syn.
 -- Alarm; fright; consternation; dread; dismay. See Alarm.

TERRORISM
Ter"ror*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. terrorisme.]

Defn: The act of terrorizing, or state of being terrorized; a mode of
government by terror or intimidation. Jefferson.

Defn: The practise of coercing governments to accede to political
demands by committing violence on civilian targets; any similar use
of violence to achieve goals.

TERRORIST
Ter"ror*ist, n. Etym: [F. terroriste.]

Defn: One who governs by terrorism or intimidation; specifically, an
agent or partisan of the revolutionary tribunal during the Reign of
Terror in France. Burke.

TERRORIZE
Ter"ror*ize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. terroriser.]

Defn: To impress with terror; to coerce by intimidation.
Humiliated by the tyranny of foreign despotism, and terrorized by
ecclesiastical authority. J. A. Symonds.

TERRORLESS
Ter"ror*less, a.

Defn: Free from terror. Poe.

TERRY
Ter"ry, n.

Defn: A kind of heavy colored fabric, either all silk, or silk and
worsted, or silk and cotton, often called terry velvet, used for
upholstery and trimmings.

TERSANCTUS
Ter*sanc"tus, n. Etym: [L. ter thrice + sanctus holy.] (Eccl.)

Defn: An ancient ascription of praise (containing the word "Holy" --
in its Latin form, "Sanctus" -- thrice repeated), used in the Mass of
the Roman Catholic Church and before the prayer of consecration in
the communion service of the Church of England and the Protestant
Episcopal Church. Cf. Trisagion.

TERSE
Terse, a. [Compar. Terser; superl. Tersest.] Etym: [L. tersus, p.p.
of tergere to rub or wipe off.]

1. Appearing as if rubbed or wiped off; rubbed; smooth; polished.
[Obs.]
Many stones, . . . although terse and smooth, have not this power
attractive. Sir T. Browne.

2. Refined; accomplished; -- said of persons. [R. & Obs.] "Your
polite and terse gallants." Massinger.

3. Elegantly concise; free of superfluous words; polished to
smoothness; as, terse language; a terse style.
Terse, luminous, and dignified eloquence. Macaulay.
A poet, too, was there, whose verse Was tender, musical, and terse.
Longfellow.

Syn.
 -- Neat; concise; compact. Terse, Concise. Terse was defined by
Johnson "cleanly written", i. e., free from blemishes, neat or
smooth. Its present sense is "free from excrescences," and hence,
compact, with smoothness, grace, or elegance, as in the following
lones of Whitehead: -
"In eight terse lines has Phædrus told (So frugal were the bards of
old) A tale of goats; and closed with grace, Plan, moral, all, in
that short space." It differs from concise in not implying, perhaps,
quite as much condensation, but chiefly in the additional idea of
"grace or elegance." -- Terse"ly, adv.
 -- Terse"ness, n.

TERSULPHIDE
Ter*sul"phide, n. Etym: [Pref. ter- + sulphide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A trisulphide.

TERSULPHURET
Ter*sul"phu*ret, n. Etym: [Pref. ter- + sulphuret.] (Chem.)

Defn: A trisulphide. [R.]

TER-TENANT
Ter"-ten`ant, n.

Defn: See Terre-tenant.

TERTIAL
Ter"tial, a. & n. Etym: [From L. tertius third, the tertial feathers
being feathers of the third row. See Tierce.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Tertiary.

TERTIAN
Ter"tian, a. Etym: [L. tertianus, from tertius the third. See
Tierce.] (Med.)

Defn: Occurring every third day; as, a tertian fever.

TERTIAN
Ter"tian, n. Etym: [L. tertiana (sc. febris): cf. OF. tertiane.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A disease, especially an intermittent fever, which returns
every third day, reckoning inclusively, or in which the intermission
lasts one day.

2. A liquid measure formerly used for wine, equal to seventy
imperial, or eighty-four wine, gallons, being one third of a tun.

TERTIARY
Ter"ti*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. tertiarius containing a third part, fr.
tertius third: cf. F. tertiaire. See Tierce.]

1. Being of the third formation, order, or rank; third; as, a
tertiary use of a word. Trench.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Possessing some quality in the third degree; having been
subjected to the substitution of three atoms or radicals; as, a
tertiary alcohol, amine, or salt. Cf. Primary, and Secondary.
(CH3)3C.OH.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: Later than, or subsequent to, the Secondary.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Growing on the innermost joint of a bird's wing; tertial; --
said of quills. Tertiary age. (Geol.) See under Age, 8.
 -- Tertiary color, a color produced by the mixture of two
secondaries. "The so-called tertiary colors are citrine, russet, and
olive." Fairholt.
 -- Tertiary period. (Geol.) (a) The first period of the age of
mammals, or of the Cenozoic era. (b) The rock formation of that
period; -- called also Tertiary formation. See the Chart of Geology.
 -- Tertiary syphilis (Med.), the third and last stage of syphilis,
in which it invades the bones and internal organs.

TERTIARY
Ter"ti*a*ry, n.; pl. Tertiaries (.

1. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A member of the Third Order in any monastic system; as, the
Franciscan tertiaries; the Dominican tertiaries; the Carmelite
tertiaries. See Third Order, under Third. Addis & Arnold.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: The Tertiary era, period, or formation.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the quill feathers which are borne upon the basal joint
of the wing of a bird. See Illust. of Bird.

TERTIATE
Ter"ti*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. tertiatus, p.p. of tertiare to do for the
third time, fr. tertius the third.]

1. To do or perform for the third time. [Obs. & R.] Johnson.

2. (Gun.)

Defn: To examine, as the thickness of the metal at the muzzle of a
gun; or, in general, to examine the thickness of, as ordnance, in
order to ascertain its strength.

TERTIUM QUID
Ter"ti*um quid. [L.]

Defn: A third somewhat; something mediating, or regarded as being,
between two diverse or incompatible substances, natures, or
positions.

TERUTERO
Ter`u*ter"o, n. Etym: [Probably so named from its city.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The South American lapwing (Vanellus Cayennensis). Its wings
are furnished with short spurs. Called also Cayenne lapwing.

TERZA RIMA
Ter"za ri"ma. Etym: [It., a third or triple rhyme.]

Defn: A peculiar and complicated system of versification, borrowed by
the early Italian poets from the Troubadours.

TERZETTO
Ter*zet"to, n. Etym: [It., dim. of terzo the third, L. tertius. See
Tierce.] (Mus.)

Defn: A composition in three voice parts; a vocal (rarely an
instrumental) trio.

TESLA COIL; TESLA TRANSFORMER
Tes"la coil, Tes"la trans*form"er. [After N. Tesla, American
electrician.] (Elec.)

Defn: A transformer without iron, for high frequency alternating or
oscillating currents; an oscillation transformer.

TESSELAR
Tes"sel*ar, a. Etym: [L. tessella a small square piece, a little
cube, dim. of tessera a square piece of stone, wood, etc., a die.]

Defn: Formed of tesseræ, as a mosaic.

TESSELLATA
Tes`sel*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Tessellate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Crinoidea including numerous fossil species in
which the body is covered with tessellated plates.

TESSELLATE
Tes"sel*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tessellated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Tessellating.] Etym: [L. tessellatus tessellated. See Tessellar.]

Defn: To form into squares or checkers; to lay with checkered work.
The floors are sometimes of wood, tessellated after the fashion of
France. Macaulay.

TESSELLATE
Tes"sel*late, a. Etym: [L. tesselatus.]

Defn: Tessellated.

TESSELLATED
Tes"sel*la`ted, a.

1. Formed of little squares, as mosaic work; checkered; as, a
tessellated pavement.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Marked like a checkerboard; as, a tessellated leaf.

TESSELLATION
Tes`sel*la"tion, n.

Defn: The act of tessellating; also, the mosaic work so formed. J.
Forsyth.

TESSERA
Tes"se*ra, n.; pl. Tesseræ. Etym: [L., a square piece, a die. See
Tessellar.]

Defn: A small piece of marble, glass, earthenware, or the like,
having a square, or nearly square, face, used by the ancients for
mosaic, as for making pavements, for ornamenting walls, and like
purposes; also, a similar piece of ivory, bone, wood, etc., used as a
ticket of admission to theaters, or as a certificate for successful
gladiators, and as a token for various other purposes. Fairholt.

TESSERAIC
Tes`se*ra"ic, a.

Defn: Diversified by squares; done in mosaic; tessellated. [Obs.] Sir
R. Atkyns (1712).

TESSERAL
Tes"se*ral, a.

1. Of, pertaining to, or containing, tesseræ.

2. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Isometric.

TESSULAR
Tes"su*lar, a. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Tesseral.

TEST
Test, n. Etym: [OE. test test, or cupel, potsherd, F. têt, from L.
testum an earthen vessel; akin to testa a piece of burned clay, an
earthen pot, a potsherd, perhaps for tersta, and akin to torrere to
patch, terra earth (cf. Thirst, and Terrace), but cf. Zend tasta cup.
Cf. Test a shell, Testaceous, Tester a covering, a coin, Testy, Tête-
à-tête.]

1. (Metal.)

Defn: A cupel or cupelling hearth in which precious metals are melted
for trial and refinement.
Our ingots, tests, and many mo. Chaucer.

2. Examination or trial by the cupel; hence, any critical examination
or decisive trial; as, to put a man's assertions to a test. "Bring me
to the test." Shak.

3. Means of trial; as, absence is a test of love.
Each test every light her muse will bear. Dryden.

4. That with which anything is compared for proof of its genuineness;
a touchstone; a standard.
Life, force, and beauty must to all impart, At once the source, and
end, and test of art. Pope.

5. Discriminative characteristic; standard of judgment; ground of
admission or exclusion.
Our test excludes your tribe from benefit. Dryden.

6. Judgment; distinction; discrimination.
Who would excel, when few can make a test Betwixt indifferent writing
and the best Dryden.

7. (Chem.)

Defn: A reaction employed to recognize or distinguish any particular
substance or constituent of a compound, as the production of some
characteristic precipitate; also, the reagent employed to produce
such reaction; thus, the ordinary test for sulphuric acid is the
production of a white insoluble precipitate of barium sulphate by
means of some soluble barium salt. Test act (Eng. Law), an act of the
English Parliament prescribing a form of oath and declaration against
transubstantiation, which all officers, civil and military, were
formerly obliged to take within six months after their admission to
office. They were obliged also to receive the sacrament according to
the usage of the Church of England. Blackstone.
 -- Test object (Optics), an object which tests the power or quality
of a microscope or telescope, by requiring a certain degree of
excellence in the instrument to determine its existence or its
peculiar texture or markings.
 -- Test paper. (a) (Chem.) Paper prepared for use in testing for
certain substances by being saturated with a reagent which changes
color in some specific way when acted upon by those substances; thus,
litmus paper is turned red by acids, and blue by alkalies, turmeric
paper is turned brown by alkalies, etc. (b) (Law) An instrument
admitted as a standard or comparison of handwriting in those
jurisdictions in which comparison of hands is permitted as a mode of
proving handwriting.
 -- Test tube. (Chem.) (a) A simple tube of thin glass, closed at one
end, for heating solutions and for performing ordinary reactions. (b)
A graduated tube.

Syn.
 -- Criterion; standard; experience; proof; experiment; trial.
 -- Test, Trial. Trial is the wider term; test is a searching and
decisive trial. It is derived from the Latin testa (earthen pot),
which term was early applied to the fining pot, or crucible, in which
metals are melted for trial and refinement. Hence the peculiar force
of the word, as indicating a trial or criterion of the most decisive
kind.
I leave him to your gracious acceptance, whose trial shall better
publish his commediation. Shak.
Thy virtue, prince, has stood the test of fortune, Like purest gold,
that tortured in the furnace, Comes out more bright, and brings forth
all its weight. Addison.

TEST
Test, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tested; p. pr. & vb. n. Testing.]

1. (Metal.)

Defn: To refine, as gold or silver, in a test, or cupel; to subject
to cupellation.

2. To put to the proof; to prove the truth, genuineness, or quality
of by experiment, or by some principle or standard; to try; as, to
test the soundness of a principle; to test the validity of an
argument.
Experience is the surest standard by which to test the real tendency
of the existing constitution. Washington.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: To examine or try, as by the use of some reagent; as, to test a
solution by litmus paper.

TEST
Test, n. Etym: [L. testis. Cf. Testament, Testify.]

Defn: A witness. [Obs.]
Prelates and great lords of England, who were for the more surety
tests of that deed. Ld. Berners.

TEST
Test, v. i. Etym: [L. testari. See Testament.]

Defn: To make a testament, or will. [Obs.]

TEST; TESTA
Test, Tes"ta, n.; pl. E. Tests, L. Testæ. Etym: [L. testa a piece of
burned clay, a broken piece of earthenware, a shell. See Test a
cupel.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The external hard or firm covering of many invertebrate
animals.

Note: The test of crustaceans and insects is composed largely of
chitin; in mollusks it is composed chiefly of calcium carbonate, and
is called the shell.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The outer integument of a seed; the episperm, or spermoderm.

TESTABLE
Test"a*ble, a. Etym: [See Testament.]

1. Capable of being tested or proved.

2. Capable of being devised, or given by will.

TESTACEA
Tes*ta"ce*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. testaceum a shelled anumal.
See Testaceous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Invertebrate animals covered with shells, especially mollusks;
shellfish.

TESTACEAN
Tes*ta"cean, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Onr of the Testacea.

TESTACEOGRAPHY
Tes*ta`ce*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Testacea + -graphy: cf. F.
testacéographie.]

Defn: The science which treats of testaceans, or shellfish; the
description of shellfish. [R.]

TESTACEOLOGY
Tes*ta`ce*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Testacea + -logy: cf. F. testacéologie.]

Defn: The science of testaceous mollusks; conchology. [R.]

TESTACEOUS
Tes*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [L. testaceus, fr. testa a shell. See Testa.]

1. Of or pertaining to shells; consisted of a hard shell, or having a
hard shell.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a dull red brick color or a brownish yellow color.
Testaceous animals (Zoöl.), animals having a firm, calcareous shell,
as oysters and clams, thus distinguished from crustaceous animals,
whose shells are more thin and soft, and consist of several joints,
or articulations, as lobsters and crabs.

TESTACY
Tes"ta*cy, n. Etym: [See Testate.] (Law)

Defn: The state or circumstance of being testate, or of leaving a
valid will, or testament, at death.

TESTAMENT
Tes"ta*ment, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. testamentum, fr. testari to be a
witness, to make one's last will, akin to testis a witness. Cf.
Intestate, Testify.]

1. (Law)

Defn: A solemn, authentic instrument in writing, by which a person
declares his will as to disposal of his estate and effects after his
death.

Note: This is otherwise called a will, and sometimes a last will and
testament. A testament, to be valid, must be made by a person of
sound mind; and it must be executed and published in due form of law.
A man, in certain cases, may make a valid will by word of mouth only.
See Nuncupative will, under Nuncupative.

2. One of the two distinct revelations of God's purposes toward man;
a covenant; also, one of the two general divisions of the canonical
books of the sacred Scriptures, in which the covenants are
respectively revealed; as, the Old Testament; the New Testament; --
often limited, in colloquial language, to the latter.
He is the mediator of the new testament . . . for the redemption of
the transgressions that were under the first testament. Heb. ix. 15.
Holographic testament, a testament written wholly by the testator
himself. Bouvier.

TESTAMENTAL
Tes`ta*men"tal, a. Etym: [L. testamentalis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a testament; testamentary.
Thy testamental cup I take, And thus remember thee. J. Montgomery.

TESTAMENTARY
Tes`ta*men"ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. testamentarius: cf. F. testamentaire.]

1. Of or pertaining to a will, or testament; as, letters
testamentary.

2. Bequeathed by will; given by testament.
How many testamentary charities have been defeated by the negligence
or fraud of executors! Atterbury.

3. Done, appointed by, or founded on, a testament, or will; as, a
testamentary guardian of a minor, who may be appointed by the will of
a father to act in that capacity until the child becomes of age.

TESTAMENTATION
Tes`ta*men*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act or power of giving by testament, or will. [R.] Burke.

TESTAMENTIZE
Tes"ta*men*tize, v. i.

Defn: To make a will. [Obs.] Fuller.

TESTAMUR
Tes*ta"mur, n. Etym: [L., we testify, fr. testari to testify.] (Eng.
Universities)

Defn: A certificate of merit or proficiency; -- so called from the
Latin words, Ita testamur, with which it commences.

TESTATE
Tes"tate, a. Etym: [L. testatus, p.p. of testari. See Testament.]
(Law)

Defn: Having made and left a will; as, a person is said to die
testate. Ayliffe.

TESTATE
Tes"tate, n. (Law)

Defn: One who leaves a valid will at death; a testate person. [R.]

TESTATION
Tes*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. testatio.]

Defn: A witnessing or witness. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

TESTATOR
Tes*ta"tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. testateur.] (Law)

Defn: A man who makes and leaves a will, or testament, at death.

TESTATRIX
Tes*ta"trix, n. Etym: [L.] (Law)

Defn: A woman who makes and leaves a will at death; a female
testator.

TESTE
Tes"te, n. Etym: [So called fr. L. teste, abl. of testis a witness,
because this was formerly the initial word in the clause.] (Law)
(a) A witness.
(b) The witnessing or concluding clause, duty attached; -- said of a
writ, deed, or the like. Burrill.

TESTER
Tes"ter, n. Etym: [OE. testere a headpiece, helmet, OF. testiere, F.
têtière a head covering, fr. OF. teste the head, F. tête, fr. L.
testa an earthen pot, the skull. See Test a cupel, and cf. Testière.]

1. A headpiece; a helmet. [Obs.]
The shields bright, testers, and trappures. Chaucer.

2. A flat canopy, as over a pulpit or tomb. Oxf. Gross.

3. A canopy over a bed, supported by the bedposts.
No testers to the bed, and the saddles and portmanteaus heaped on me
to keep off the cold. Walpole.

TESTER
Tes"ter, n. Etym: [For testern, teston, fr. F. teston, fr. OF. teste
the head, the head of the king being impressed upon the coin. See
Tester a covering, and cf. Testone, Testoon.]

Defn: An old French silver coin, originally of the value of about
eighteen pence, subsequently reduced to ninepence, and later to
sixpence, sterling. Hence, in modern English slang, a sixpence; --
often contracted to tizzy. Called also teston. Shak.

TESTERN
Tes"tern, n.

Defn: A sixpence; a tester. [Obs.]

TESTERN
Tes"tern, v. t.

Defn: To present with a tester. [Obs.] Shak.

TESTES
Tes"tes, n.,

Defn: pl. of Teste, or of Testis.

TESTICARDINES
Tes`ti*car"di*nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Test a shell, and Cardo.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of brachiopods including those which have a
calcareous shell furnished with a hinge and hinge teeth. Terebratula
and Spirifer are examples.

TESTICLE
Tes"ti*cle, n. Etym: [L. testiculus, dim. of testis a testicle,
probably the same word as testis a witness, as being a witness to
manhood. Cf. Test a witness.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the essential male genital glands which secrete the
semen.

TESTICOND
Tes"ti*cond, a. Etym: [L. testis testis + condere to hide.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the testicles naturally concealed, as in the case of the
cetaceans.

TESTICULAR
Tes*tic"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the testicle.

TESTICULATE
Tes*tic"u*late, a. Etym: [NL. testiculatus.] (Bot.)
(a) Shaped like a testicle, ovate and solid.
(b) Having two tubers resembling testicles in form, as some species
of orchis.

TESTIERE
Tes`ti*ère", n. Etym: [OF. testiere. See Tester a headpiece.]

Defn: A piece of plate armor for the head of a war horse; a tester.

TESTIF
Tes"tif, a. Etym: [See Testy.]

Defn: Testy; headstrong; obstinate. [Obs.]
Testif they were and lusty for to play. Chaucer.

TESTIFICATION
Tes`ti*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. testificatio: cf. OF. testification.
See Testify.]

Defn: The act of testifying, or giving testimony or evidence; as, a
direct testification of our homage to God. South.

TESTIFICATOR
Tes"ti*fi*ca`tor, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A testifier.

TESTIFIER
Tes"ti*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who testifies; one who gives testimony, or bears witness to
prove anything; a witness.

TESTIFY
Tes"ti*fy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Testified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Testifying.] Etym: [OF. testifier, L. testificari; testis a witness +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy, and cf. Attest, Contest, Detest,
Protest, Testament.]

1. To make a solemn declaration, verbal or written, to establish some
fact; to give testimony for the purpose of communicating to others a
knowledge of something not known to them.
Jesus . . . needed not that any should testify of man, for he knew
what was in man. John ii. 25.

2. (Law)

Defn: To make a solemn declaration under oath or affirmation, for the
purpose of establishing, or making proof of, some fact to a court; to
give testimony in a cause depending before a tribunal.
One witness shall not testify against any person to cause him to die.
Num. xxxv. 30.

3. To declare a charge; to protest; to give information; to bear
witness; -- with against.
O Israel, . . . I will testify against thee. Ps. l. 7.
I testified against them in the day wherein they sold victuals. Neh.
xiii. 15.

TESTIFY
Tes"ti*fy, v. t.

1. To bear witness to; to support the truth of by testimony; to
affirm or declare solemny.
We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen; and ye
receive not our witness. John iii. 11.

2. (Law)

Defn: To affirm or declare under oath or affirmation before a
tribunal, in order to prove some fact.

TESTIFY
Tes"ti*fy, adv.

Defn: In a testy manner; fretfully; peevishly; with petulance.

TESTIMONIAL
Tes`ti*mo"ni*al, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. testimoniale, LL. testimonialis,
L. testimoniales (sc. litteræ). See Testimonial, a.]

1. A writing or certificate which bears testimony in favor of one's
character, good conduct, ability, etc., or of the value of a thing.

2. Something, as money or plate, presented to a preson as a token of
respect, or of obligation for services rendered.

TESTIMONIAL
Tes`ti*mo"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. testimonialis: cf. F. testimonial.]

Defn: Relating to, or containing, testimony.

TESTIMONY
Tes"ti*mo*ny, n.; pl. Testimonies. Etym: [L. testimonium, from testis
a witness: cf. OF. testimoine, testemoine, testimonie. See Testify.]

1. A solemn declaration or affirmation made for the purpose of
establishing or proving some fact.

Note: Such declaration, in judicial proceedings, may be verbal or
written, but must be under oath or affirmation.

2. Affirmation; declaration; as, these doctrines are supported by the
uniform testimony of the fathers; the belief of past facts must
depend on the evidence of human testimony, or the testimony of
historians.

3. Open attestation; profession.
[Thou] for the testimony of truth, hast borne Universal reproach.
Milton.

4. Witness; evidence; proof of some fact.
When ye depart thence, shake off the dust under your feet for a
testimony against them. Mark vi. 11.

5. (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: The two tables of the law.
Thou shalt put into the ark the testimony which I shall give thee.
Ex. xxv. 16.

6. Hence, the whole divine revelation; the sacre
The testimony of the Lord is sure, making wise the simple. Ps. xix.
7.

Syn.
 -- Proof; evidence; attestation; witness; affirmation; confirmation;
averment.
 -- Testimony, Proof, Evidence. Proof is the most familiar, and is
used more frequently (though not exclusively) of facts and things
which occur in the ordinary concerns of life. Evidence is a word of
more dignity, and is more generally applied to that which is moral or
intellectual; as, the evidences of Christianity, etc. Testimony is
what is deposed to by a witness on oath or affirmation. When used
figuratively or in a wider sense, the word testimony has still a
reference to some living agent as its author, as when we speak of the
testimony of conscience, or of doing a thing in testimony of our
affection, etc. Testimony refers rather to the thing declared,
evidence to its value or effect. "To conform our language more to
common use, we ought to divide arguments into demonstrations, proofs,
and probabilities; ba proofs, meaning such arguments from experience
as leave no room for doubt or opposition." Hume. "The evidence of
sense is the first and highest kind of evidence of which human nature
is capable." Bp. Wilkins. "The proof of everything must be by the
testimony of such as the parties produce." Spenser.

TESTIMONY
Tes"ti*mo*ny, v. t.

Defn: To witness; to attest; to prove by testimony. [Obs.] Shak.

TESTINESS
Tes"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being testy; fretfulness; petulance.
Testiness is a disposition or aptness to be angry. Locke.

TESTING
Test"ing, n.

1. The act of testing or proving; trial; proof.

2. (Metal.)

Defn: The operation of refining gold or silver in a test, or cupel;
cupellation. Testing machine (Engin.), a machine used in the
determination of the strength of materials, as iron, stone, etc., and
their behavior under strains of various kinds, as elongation,
bending, crushing, etc.

TESTIS
Tes"tis, n.; pl. Testes. Etym: [L.] (Anat.)

Defn: A testicle.

TESTON
Tes"ton, n.

Defn: A tester; a sixpence. [Obs.]

TESTONE
Tes*tone", n. Etym: [Cf. Pg. testao, tostao. See Testoon.]

Defn: A silver coin of Portugal, worth about sixpence sterling, or
about eleven cents. Homans.

TESTOON
Tes*toon", n. Etym: [It. testone. See Tester a coin.]

Defn: An Italian silver coin. The testoon of Rome is worth 1s. 3d.
sterling, or about thirty cents. Homans.

TESTUDINAL
Tes*tu"di*nal, a. Etym: [See Testudo.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a tortoise.

TESTUDINARIOUS
Tes*tu`di*na"ri*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the shell of a tortoise; resembling a
tortoise shell; having the color or markings of a tortoise shell.

TESTUDINATA
Tes*tu`di*na"ta, n. pl. Etym: [Nl. See Testudo.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of reptiles which includes the turtles and tortoises.
The body is covered by a shell consisting of an upper or dorsal
shell, called the carapace, and a lower or ventral shell, called the
plastron, each of which consists of several plates.

TESTUDINATE; TESTUDINATED
Tes*tu"di*nate, Tes*tu"di*na`ted, a. Etym: [L. testudinatus, fr.
testudo, -inis, a tortoise, an arch or vault.]

Defn: Resembling a tortoise shell in appearance or structure; roofed;
arched; vaulted.

TESTUDINEOUS
Tes`tu*din"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. testudineus.]

Defn: Resembling the shell of a tortoise.

TESTUDO
Tes*tu"do, n.; pl. Testudines. Etym: [L., from testa the shell of
shellfish, or of testaceous animals.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of tortoises which formerly included a large number of
diverse forms, but is now restricted to certain terrestrial species,
such as the European land tortoise (Testudo Græca) and the gopher of
the Southern United States.

2. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A cover or screen which a body of troops formed with their
shields or targets, by holding them over their heads when standing
close to each other. This cover resembled the back of a tortoise, and
served to shelter the men from darts, stones, and other missiles. A
similar defense was sometimes formed of boards, and moved on wheels.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of musical instrument. a species of lyre; -- so called
in allusion to the lyre of Mercury, fabled to have been made of the
shell of a tortoise.

TESTY
Tes"ty, a. [Compar. Testier; superl. Testiest.] Etym: [OF. testu
obstinate, headstrong, F. têtu, fr. OF. teste the head, F. tête. See
Test a cupel.]

Defn: Fretful; peevish; petulant; easily irritated.
Must I observe you must I stand and crouch Under your testy humor
Shak.
I was displeased with myself; I was testy. Latimer.

TETANIC
Te*tan"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. L. tetanicus suffering from tetanus, Gr.
tétanique.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to tetanus; having the character of tetanus;
as, a tetanic state; tetanic contraction.
This condition of muscle, this fusion of a number of simple spasms
into an apparently smooth, continuous effort, is known as tetanus, or
tetanic contraction. Foster.

2. (Physiol. & Med.)

Defn: Producing, or tending to produce, tetanus, or tonic contraction
of the muscles; as, a tetanic remedy. See Tetanic, n.

TETANIC
Te*tan"ic, n. (Physiol. & Med.)

Defn: A substance (notably nux vomica, strychnine, and brucine)
which, either as a remedy or a poison, acts primarily on the spinal
cord, and which, when taken in comparatively large quantity, produces
tetanic spasms or convulsions.

TETANIN
Tet"a*nin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous base (ptomaine) formed in meat broth through the
agency of a peculiar microbe from the wound of a person who has died
of tetanus; -- so called because it produces tetanus as one of its
prominent effects.

TETANIZATION
Tet`a*ni*za"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The production or condition of tetanus.

TETANIZE
Tet"a*nize, v. t. (Physiol.)

Defn: To throw, as a muscle, into a state of permanent contraction;
to cause tetanus in. See Tetanus, n., 2.

TETANOID
Tet"a*noid, a. Etym: [Tetanus + -oid.] (Med. & Physiol.)

Defn: Resembling tetanus.

TETANOMOTOR
Tet`a*no*mo"tor, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument from tetanizing a muscle by irritating its nerve
by successive mechanical shocks.

TETANUS
Tet"a*nus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: A painful and usually fatal disease, resulting generally from a
wound, and having as its principal symptom persistent spasm of the
voluntary muscles. When the muscles of the lower jaw are affected, it
is called locked-jaw, or lickjaw, and it takes various names from the
various incurvations of the body resulting from the spasm.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: That condition of a muscle in which it is in a state of
continued vibratory contraction, as when stimulated by a series of
induction shocks.

TETANY
Tet"a*ny, n. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition resembling tetanus, but distinguished from
it by being less severe and having intermittent spasms.

TETARD
Te*tard", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gobioid fish (Eleotris gyrinus) of the Southern United
States; -- called also sleeper.

TETARTOHEDRAL
Te*tar`to*he"dral, a. Etym: [Gr. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Having one fourth the number of planes which are requisite to
complete symmetry.
 -- Te*tar`to*he"dral*ly, adv.

TETARTOHEDRISM
Te*tar`to*he"drism, n. (Crystallog.)

Defn: The property of being tetartohedral.

TETAUG
Te*taug", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Tautog. [R.]

TETCHINESS
Tetch"i*ness, n.

Defn: See Techiness.

TETCHY
Tetch"y, a.

Defn: See Techy. Shak.

TETE
Tête, n. Etym: [F., the head. See Tester a covering.]

Defn: A kind of wig; false hair.

TETE-A-TETE
Tête`-à-tête", n. Etym: [F., head to head. See Tester a covering,
Test a cupel.]

1. Private conversation; familiar interview or conference of two
persons.

2. A short sofa intended to accomodate two persons.

TETE-A-TETE
Tête`-à-tête", a.

Defn: Private; confidential; familiar.
She avoided tête-à-tête walks with him. C. Kingsley.

TETE-A-TETE
Tête`-à-tête", adv.

Defn: Face to face; privately or confidentially; familiarly. Prior.

TETE-DE-PONT
Tête`-de-pont", n.; pl. Têtes-de-pont. Etym: [F., head of a bridge.]
(Mil.)

Defn: A work thrown up at the end of a bridge nearest the enemy, for
covering the communications across a river; a bridgehead.

TETEL
Te*tel", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large African antelope (Alcejaphus tora). It has widely
divergent, strongly ringed horns.

TETHER
Teth"er, n. Etym: [Formerly tedder, OE. tedir; akin to LG. tider,
tier, Icel. tjo, Dan. töir. *64.]

Defn: A long rope or chain by which an animal is fastened, as to a
stake, so that it can range or feed only within certain limits.

TETHER
Teth"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tethered; p. pr. & vb. n. Tethering.]

Defn: To confine, as an animal, with a long rope or chain, as for
feeding within certain limits.
And by a slender cord was tethered to a stone. Wordsworth.

TETHER-BALL
Teth"er-ball`, n.

Defn: A game played with rackets and a ball suspended by a string
from an upright pole, the object of each side being to wrap the
string around the pole by striking the ball in a direction opposite
to the other.

TETHYDAN
Te*thy"dan, n. Etym: [See Tethys.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tunicate.

TETHYODEA
Te`thy*o"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Tethys + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Tunicata including the common attached ascidians,
both simple and compound. Called also Tethioidea.

TETHYS
Te"thys, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of a large naked mollusks having a very large, broad,
fringed cephalic disk, and branched dorsal gills. Some of the species
become a foot long and are brilliantly colored.

TETRA-
Tet"ra-. Etym: [Gr. Four.]

1. A combining form or prefix signifying four, as in tetrabasic,
tetrapetalous.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting four
proportional or combining parts of the substance or ingredient
denoted by the term to which it is prefixed, as in tetra-chloride,
tetroxide.

TETRABASIC
Tet`ra*bas"ic, a. Etym: [Tetra- + basic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Capable of neutralizing four molecules of a monacid base;
having four hydrogen atoms capable of replacement by bases;
quadribasic; -- said of certain acids; thus, normal silicic acid,
Si(OH)4, is a tetrabasic acid.

TETRABORIC
Tet`ra*bor"ic, a. Etym: [Tetra- + boric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Pyroboric.

TETRABRANCHIATA
Tet`ra*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Tetra-, and Branchia.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Cephalopoda having four gills. Among living species
it includes only the pearly nautilus. Numerous genera and species are
found in the fossil state, such as Ammonites, Baculites, Orthoceras,
etc.

TETRABRANCHIATE
Tet`ra*bran`chi*ate, a. Etym: [Tetra + branchiate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Tetrabranchiata.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Tetrabranchiata.

TETRACARPEL
Tet`ra*car"pel, a. Etym: [Tetra- + carpellary.] (Bot.)

Defn: Composed of four carpels.

TETRACHORD
Tet"ra*chord, n. Etym: [L. tetrachordon, Gr. Tetra-) + tétrachorde.]
(Anc. Mus.)

Defn: A scale series of four sounds, of which the extremes, or first
and last, constituted a fourth. These extremes were immutable; the
two middle sounds were changeable.

TETRACHOTOMOUS
Tet`ra*chot"o*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a division by fours; separated into four parts or
series, or into series of fours.

TETRACID
Tet*rac"id, a. Etym: [Tetra + acid.] (Chem.)

Defn: Capable of neutralizing four molecules of a monobasic acid;
having four hydrogen atoms capable of replacement ba acids or acid
atoms; -- said of certain bases; thus, erythrine, C4H6(OH)4, is a
tetracid alcohol.

TETRACOCCOUS
Tet`ra*coc"cous, a. Etym: [See Tetra-, and Coccus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having four cocci, or carpels.

TETRACOLON
Tet`ra*co"lon, n. Etym: [Gr. Tetra-) + (Pros.)

Defn: A stanza or division in lyric poetry, consisting of four verses
or lines. Crabb.

TETRACORALLA
Te`tra*co*ral"la, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Tetra-, and Corallum.]
(Paleon.)

Defn: Same as Rugosa.

TETRACTINELLID
Te*trac`ti*nel"lid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of sponge of the division Tetractinellida. Also
used adjectively.

TETRACTINELLIDA
Te*trac`ti*nel"li*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Spongiæ in which the spicules are siliceous and
have four branches diverging at right angles. Called also
Tetractinellinæ.

TETRAD
Tet"rad, n. Etym: [L. tetras, -adis, Gr. tétrade.]

1. The number four; a collection of four things; a quaternion.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A tetravalent or quadrivalent atom or radical; as, carbon is a
tetrad.

TETRADACTYL; TETRADACTYLE
Tet`ra*dac"tyl, Tet`ra*dac"tyle, a. Etym: [Cf. F. tétradactyle.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Tetradactylous.

TETRADACTYLOUS
Tet`ra*dac"tyl*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. Tetra-) + (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having, or characterized by, four digits to the foot or hand.

TETRADECANE
Tet`ra*dec"ane, n. Etym: [Tetra- + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A light oily hydrocarbon, C14H30, of the marsh-gas series; --
so called from the fourteen carbon atoms in the molecule.

TETRADECAPODA
Tet`ra*de*cap"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Tetra-, and Decapoda.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Arthrostraca.

TETRADIC
Tet*rad"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tetrad; possessing or having the
characteristics of a tetrad; as, a carbon is a tetradic element.

TETRADITE
Tet"ra*dite, n. Etym: [See Tetrad.]

Defn: A person in some way remarkable with regard to the number four,
as one born on the fourth day of the month, or one who reverenced
four persons in the Godhead. Smart.

TETRADON
Tet"ra*don, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Tetrodon.

TETRADONT
Tet"ra*dont, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Tetrodont.

TETRADRACHM; TETRADRACHMA
Tet"ra*drachm, Tet`ra*drach"ma, n. Etym: [NL. tetradrachma, fr. Gr.
Tetra-) +

Defn: A silver coin among the ancient Greeks, of the value of four
drachms. The Attic tetradrachm was equal to 3s. 3d. sterling, or
about 76 cents.

TETRADYMITE
Tet*rad"y*mite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A telluride of bismuth. It is of a pale steel-gray color and
metallic luster, and usually occurs in foliated masses. Calles also
telluric bismuth.

TETRADYNAMIA
Tet`ra*dy*na"mi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Tetra-) + (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan class of plants having six stamens, four of which are
longer than the others.

TETRADYNAMIAN
Tet`ra*dy*na"mi*an, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the order Tetradynamia.

TETRADYNAMIAN; TETRADYNAMOUS
Tet`ra*dy*na"mi*an, Tet`ra*dyn"a*mous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to the order Tetradynamia; having six stamens, four
of which are uniformly longer than the others.

TETRAGON
Tet"ra*gon, n. Etym: [L. tetragonum, Gr. Tetra-) + tétragone.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A plane figure having four sides and angles; a quadrangle, as a
square, a rhombus, etc.

2. (Astrol.)

Defn: An aspect of two planets with regard to the earth when they are
distant from each other ninety degrees, or the fourth of a circle.
Hutton.

TETRAGONAL
Te*trag"o*nal, a.

1. (Geom.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tetragon; having four angles or sides;
thus, the square, the parallelogram, the rhombus, and the trapezium
are tetragonal fingers.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having four prominent longitudinal angles.

3. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Designating, or belonging to, a certain system of
crystallization; dimetric. See Tetragonal system, under
Crystallization.

TETRAGRAMMATON
Tet`ra*gram"ma*ton, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Tetra-) +

Defn: The mystic number four, which was often symbolized to represent
the Deity, whose name was expressed by four letters among some
ancient nations; as, the Hebrew JeHoVaH, Greek qeo`s, Latin deus,
etc.

TETRAGYNIA
Tet`ra*gyn"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. te`tra- (see Tetra-) +
gynh` a woman, female.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan order of plants having four styles.

TETRAGYNIAN; TETRAGYNOUS
Tet`ra*gyn"i*an, Te*trag"y*nous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to the order Tetragynia; having four styles.

TETRAHEDRAL
Tet`ra*he"dral, a. Etym: [See Tetrahedron.]

1. Having, or composed of, four sides.

2. (Crystallog.)
(a) Having the form of the regular tetrahedron.
(b) Pertaining or related to a tetrahedron, or to the system of
hemihedral forms to which the tetrahedron belongs. Tetrahedral angle
(Geom.), a solid angle bounded or inclosed by four plane angles.

TETRAHEDRALLY
Tet`ra*he"dral*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tetrahedral manner.

TETRAHEDRITE
Tet`ra*he"drite, n. Etym: [So called because the crystals of the
species are commonly tetrahedrons.] (Min.)

Defn: A sulphide of antimony and copper, with small quantities of
other metals. It is a very common ore of copper, and some varieties
yield a considerable presentage of silver. Called also gray copper
ore, fahlore, and panabase.

TETRAHEDRON
Tet`ra*he"dron, n. Etym: [Tetra- + Gr. (Geom.)

Defn: A solid figure inclosed or bounded by four triangles.

Note: In crystallography, the regular tetrahedron is regarded as the
hemihedral form of the regular octahedron. Regular tetrahedron
(Geom.), a solid bounded by four equal equilateral triangles; one of
the five regular solids.

TETRAHEXAHEDRAL
Tet`ra*hex`a*he"dral, a. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Pertaining to a tetrahexahedron.

TETRAHEXAHEDRON
Tet`ra*hex`a*he"dron, n. Etym: [Tetra- + hexahedron.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A solid in the isometric system, bounded by twenty-four equal
triangular faces, four corresponding to each face of the cube.

TETRAKISHEXAHEDRON
Tet`ra*kis*hex`a*he"dron, n. Etym: [Gr. hexahedron.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A tetrahexahedron.

TETRAKOSANE
Tet"ra*ko*sane`, n. Etym: [Tetra- + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon, C24H50, resembling paraffin, and like it
belonging to the marsh-gas series; -- so called from having twenty-
four atoms of carbon in the molecule.

TETRALOGY
Te*tral"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. Tetra-) + tétralogie.] (Gr. Drama)

Defn: A group or series of four dramatic pieces, three tragedies and
one satyric, or comic, piece (or sometimes four tragedies),
represented consequently on the Attic stage at the Dionysiac
festival.

Note: A group or series of three tragedies, exhibited together
without a fourth piese, was called a trilogy.

TETRAMERA
Te*tram"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Tetramerous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Coleoptera having, apparently, only four tarsal
joints, one joint being rudimentary.

TETRAMEROUS
Te*tram"er*ous, a. Etym: [Tetra- + Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the parts arranged in sets of four; as, a tetramerous
flower.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having four joints in each of the tarsi; -- said of certain
insects.

TETRAMETER
Te*tram"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. tetrametrus, Gr. Tetra-) + tétramètre.]
(GR. & Latin Pros.)

Defn: A verse or line consisting of four measures, that is, in
iambic, trochaic, and anapestic verse, of eight feet; in other kinds
of verse, of four feet.

TETRAMETHYLENE
Tet`ra*meth"yl*ene, n. Etym: [Tetra- + methylene.] (Chem.)
(a) A hypothetical hydrocarbon, C4H8, analogous to trimethylene, and
regarded as the base of well-known series or derivatives.
(b) Sometimes, an isomeric radical used to designate certain
compounds which are really related to butylene.

TETRAMORPH
Tet"ra*morph, n. Etym: [Tetra- + Gr. (Christian Art)

Defn: The union of the four attributes of the Evangelists in one
figure, which is represented as winged, and standing on winged fiery
wheels, the wings being covered with eyes. The representations of it
are evidently suggested by the vision of Ezekiel (ch. i.)

TETRANDRIA
Te*tran"dri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. Tetra-) + (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan class of plants having four stamens.

TETRANDRIAN; TETRANDROUS
Te*tran"dri*an, Te*tran"drous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to the class Tetrandria.

TETRAONID
Te*tra"o*nid, n. Etym: [L. tetrao a heath cock, grouse, Gr.
tétraonide.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird belonging to the tribe of which the genus Tetrao is the
type, as the grouse, partridge, quail, and the like. Used also
adjectively.

TETRAPETALOUS
Tet`ra*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Tetra- + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Containing four distinct petals, or flower leaves; as, a
tetrapetalous corolla.

TETRAPHARMACOM; TETRAPHARMACUM
Tet`ra*phar"ma*com, Tet`ra*phar"ma*cum, n. Etym: [NL. tetrapharmacon,
L. tetrapharmacum, Gr. Tetra-) + (Med.)

Defn: A combination of wax, resin, lard, and pitch, composing an
ointment. Brande & C.

TETRAPHENOL
Tet`ra*phe"nol, n. Etym: [Tetra- + phenol.] (Chem.)

Defn: Furfuran. [Obs.]

TETRAPHYLLOUS
Te*traph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Tetra- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having four leaves; consisting of four distinct leaves or
leaflets.

TETRAPLA
Tet"ra*pla, n.;

Note: etymologically pl., but syntactically sing. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
tetraplo`os, tetraploy^s, fourfold.]

Defn: A Bible consisting of four different Greek versions arranged in
four columns by Origen; hence, any version in four languages or four
columns.

TETRAPNEUMONA
Tet`ra*pneu"mo*na, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Tetra-, and Pneumo-.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Arachnida including those spiders which have four
lungs, or pulmonary sacs. It includes the bird spiders (Mygale) and
the trapdoor spiders. See Mygale.

TETRAPNUEMONIAN
Tet`rap*nue*mo"ni*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Tetrapneumona.

TETRAPOD
Tet"ra*pod, n. Etym: [Gr. Tetra-) + (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect characterized by having but four perfect legs, as
certain of the butterflies.

TETRAPODY
Te*trap"o*dy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A set of four feet; a measure or distance of four feet.

TETRAPTERAN
Te*trap"ter*an, n. Etym: [See Tetrapterous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect having four wings.

TETRAPTEROUS
Te*trap"ter*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. Tetra-) + (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having four wings.

TETRAPTOTE
Tet"rap*tote, n. Etym: [L. tetraptotum, Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: A noun that has four cases only. Andrews.

TETRARCH
Te"trarch, n. Etym: [L. tetrarches, Gr. Tetra-) + tétrarque. See
Arch, a.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A Roman governor of the fourth part of a province; hence, any
subordinate or dependent prince; also, a petty king or sovereign.

TETRARCH
Te"trarch, a.

Defn: Four. [Obs.] Fuller.

TETRARCHATE
Te*trarch"ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tétrarchat.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A tetrarchy.

TETRARCHICAL
Te*trarch"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tetrarch or tetrarchy. Bolingbroke.

TETRARCHY
Tet"rarch*y, n.; pl. Tetrarchies. Etym: [L. tetrarchia, Gr.
tétrarchie.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The district under a Roman tetrarch; the office or jurisdiction
of a tetrarch; a tetrarchate.

TETRASCHISTIC
Tet`ra*schis"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Characterized by division into four parts.

TETRASEPALOUS
Tet`ra*sep"al*ous, a. Etym: [Tetra- + sepal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having four sepals.

TETRASPASTON
Tet`ra*spas"ton, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Tetra-) + (Mach.)

Defn: A machine in which four pulleys act together. Brande & C.

TETRASPERMOUS
Tet`ra*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Tetra- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having four seeds. Tetraspermous plant, a plant which produces
four seeds in each flower.

TETRASPORE
Tet"ra*spore, n. Etym: [Tetra- + spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: A nonsexual spore, one of a group of four regularly occurring
in red seaweeds.
 -- Tet`ra*spor"ic, a.

TETRASTICH
Te*tras"tich, n. Etym: [L. tetrastichon, Gr. Tetra-) +

Defn: A stanza, epigram, or poem, consisting of four verses or lines.
Pope.

TETRASTYLE
Tet"ra*style, a. Etym: [L. tetrastylon, Gr. Tetra-) + (Arch.)

Defn: Having four columns in front; -- said of a temple, portico, or
colonnade.
 -- n.

Defn: A tetrastyle building.

TETRASYLLABIC; TETRASYLLABICAL
Tet`ra*syl*lab"ic, Tet`ra*syl*lab"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
tétrasyllabique.]

Defn: Consisting of, or having, four syllables; quadrisyllabic.

TETRASYLLABLE
Tet"ra*syl`la*ble, n. Etym: [Tetra- + syllable: cf. Gr.

Defn: A word consisting of four syllables; a quadrisyllable.

TETRATHECAL
Tet`ra*the"cal, a. Etym: [Tetra- + thecal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having four loculaments, or thecæ.

TETRATHIONATE
Tet`ra*thi"on*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of tetrathionic acid.

TETRATHIONIC
Tet`ra*thi*on"ic, a. Etym: [Tetra- + thionic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a thionic derivative, H

TETRATOMIC
Tet`ra*tom"ic, a. Etym: [Tetra- + atomic.] (Chem.)
(a) Consisting of four atoms; having four atoms in the molecule, as
phosphorus and arsenic.
(b) Having a valence of four; quadrivalent; tetravalent; sometimes,
in a specific sense, having four hydroxyl groups, whether acid or
basic.

TETRAVALENCE
Te*trav"a*lence, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The quality or state of being tetravalent; quadrivalence.

TETRAVALENT
Te*trav"a*lent, a. Etym: [Tetra- + L. valens, -entis, p.pr.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having a valence of four; tetratomic; quadrivalent.

TETRAXILE
Te*trax"ile, a. Etym: [Tetra- + axile.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having four branches diverging at right angles; -- said of
certain spicules of sponges.

TETRAZINE; TETRAZIN
Tet*raz"ine, n. Also -in. [Tetrazo- + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical compound, C2H2N4 which  may be regarded as
benzene with four CH groups replaced by nitrogen atoms; also, any of
various derivatives of the same. There are three isomeric varieties.

TETRAZO-
Tet*raz"o-, a. Etym: [Tetra- + azo-.] (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively), designating any one
of a series of double derivatives of the azo and diazo compounds
containing four atoms of nitrogen.

TETRAZOLE
Tet*raz"ole, n.  [Tetrazo- + -ole.] (Org. Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline acid substance, CH2N4, which may be regarded as
pyrrol in which nitrogen atoms replace three CH groups; also, any of
various derivatives of the same.

TETRAZONE
Tet"ra*zone, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a certain series of basic compounds containing a
chain of four nitrogen atoms; for example, ethyl tetrazone,
(C2H5)2N.N2.N(C2H5)2, a colorless liquid having an odor of leeks.

TETRIC; TETRICAL
Tet"ric, Tet"ri*cal, a. Etym: [L. tetricus, taetricus, from teter,
taeter, offensive, foul.]

Defn: Forward; perverse; harsh; sour; rugged. [Obs.] --
Tet"ric*al*ness, n.

TETRICITY
Te*tric"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. tetricitas, taetricitas.]

Defn: Crabbedness; perverseness. [Obs.]

TETRICOUS
Tet"ric*ous, a.

Defn: Tetric. [Obs.]

TETRINIC
Te*trin"ic, a. Etym: [See Tetra-.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex ketonic acid,
C5H6O3, obtained as a white crystalline substance; -- so called
because once supposed to contain a peculiar radical of four carbon
atoms. Called also acetyl-acrylic acid.

TETRODON
Tet"ro*don, n. Etym: [Tetra- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of plectognath fishes belonging to
Tetrodon and allied genera. Each jaw is furnished with two large,
thick, beaklike, bony teeth. [Written also tetradon.]

Note: The skin is usually spinous, and the belly is capable of being
greatly distended by air or water. It includes the swellfish, puffer
(a), and similar species.

TETRODONT
Tet"ro*dont, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tetrodons.
 -- n.

Defn: A tetrodon. [Written also tetradont, and tetraodont.]

TETROL
Tet"rol, n. Etym: [Tetra- + benzol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical hydrocarbon, C4H4, analogous to benzene; -- so
called from the four carbon atoms in the molecule. Tetrol phenol,
furfuran. [Obs.]

TETROLIC
Tet*rol"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C3H3.CO2H, of the
acetylene series, homologous with propiolic acid, obtained as a white
crystalline substance.

TETROSE
Tet"rose, n.  [Tetra- + -ose.] (Chem.)

Defn: A monosaccharide derived from a certain alcohol.

TETROXIDE
Tet*rox"ide, n. Etym: [Tetra- + oxide.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oxide having four atoms of oxygen in the molecule; a
quadroxide; as, osmium tetroxide, OsO.

TETRYL
Tet"ryl, n. Etym: [Tetra- + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Butyl; -- so called from the four carbon atoms in the molecule.

TETRYLENE
Tet"ryl*ene, n. Etym: [Tetra- + ethylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: Butylene; -- so called from the four carbon atoms in the
molecule.

TETTER
Tet"ter, n. Etym: [OE. teter, AS. teter, tetr; akin to G. zitter,
zittermal, OHG. zittaroch, Skr. dadru, dadruka, a sort of skin
disease. *63, 240.] (Med.)

Defn: A vesicular disease of the skin; herpes. See Herpes. Honeycomb
tetter (Med.), favus.
 -- Moist tetter (Med.), eczema.
 -- Scaly tetter (Med.), psoriasis. Tetter berry (Bot.), the white
bryony.

TETTER
Tet"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tettered; p. pr. & vb. n. Tettering.]

Defn: To affect with tetter. Shak.

TETTEROUS
Tet"ter*ous, a.

Defn: Having the character of, or pertaining to, tetter.

TETTER-TOTTER
Tet"ter-tot`ter, n. Etym: [See Teeter.]

Defn: A certain game of children; seesaw; -- called also titter-
totter, and titter-cum-totter.

TETTERWORT
Tet"ter*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant used as a remedy for tetter, -- in England the
calendine, in America the bloodroot.

TETTIGONIAN
Tet`ti*go"ni*an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of Hemiptera belonging to
Tettigonia and allied genera; a leaf hopper.

TETTISH
Tet"tish, a. Etym: [Cf. Testy.]

Defn: Captious; testy. [Written also teatish.] [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

TETTIX
Tet"tix, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cicada. [Obs. or R.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small grasshoppers.

TETTY
Tet"ty, a.

Defn: Testy; irritable. [Obs.] Burton.

TEUFIT
Teu"fit, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lapwing; -- called also teuchit. [Prov. Eng.]

TEUK
Teuk, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The redshank. [Prov. Eng.]

TEUTON
Teu"ton, n.; pl. E. Teutons, L. Teutones. Etym: [L. Teutones,
Teutoni, the name of a Germanic people, probably akin to E. Dutch.
Cf. Dutch.]

1. One of an ancient German tribe; later, a name applied to any
member of the Germanic race in Europe; now used to designate a
German, Dutchman, Scandinavian, etc., in distinction from a Celt or
one of a Latin race.

2. A member of the Teutonic branch of the Indo-European, or Aryan,
family.

TEUTONIC
Teu*ton"ic, a. Etym: [L. Teutonicus, from Teutoni, or Teutones. See
Teuton.]

1. Of or pertaining to the Teutons, esp. the ancient Teutons;
Germanic.

2. Of or pertaining to any of the Teutonic languages, or the peoples
who speak these languages. Teutonic languages, a group of languages
forming a division of the Indo-European, or Aryan, family, and
embracing the High German, Low German, Gothic, and Scandinavian
dialects and languages.
 -- Teutonic order, a military religious order of knights,
established toward the close of the twelfth century, in imitation of
the Templars and Hospitalers, and composed chiefly of Teutons, or
Germans. The order rapidly increased in numbers and strength till it
became master of all Prussia, Livonia, and Pomerania. In its decay it
was abolished by Napoleon; but it has been revived as an honorary
order.

TEUTONIC
Teu*ton"ic, n.

Defn: The language of the ancient Germans; the Teutonic languages,
collectively.

TEUTONICISM
Teu*ton"i*cism, n.

Defn: A mode of speech peculiar to the Teutons; a Teutonic idiom,
phrase, or expression; a Teutonic mode or custom; a Germanism.

TEW
Tew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tewed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tewing.] Etym: [OE.
tewen, tawen. *64. See Taw, v.]

1. To prepare by beating or working, as leather or hemp; to taw.

2. Hence, to beat; to scourge; also, to pull about; to maul; to
tease; to vex. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

TEW
Tew, v. i.

Defn: To work hard; to strive; to fuse. [Local]

TEW
Tew, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Taw to tow, Tow, v. t.]

Defn: To tow along, as a vessel. [Obs.] Drayton.

TEW
Tew, n.

Defn: A rope or chain for towing a boat; also, a cord; a string.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

TEWAN
Te"wan, n. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of American Indians including many of the Pueblos of
New Mexico and adjacent regions.

TEWED
Tewed, a.

Defn: Fatigued; worn with labor or hardship. [Obs. or Local] Mir. for
Mag.

TEWEL
Tew"el, n. Etym: [OE. tuel, OF. tuiel, tuel, F. tuyau; of Teutonic
origin; cf. Dan. tud, D. tuit, Prov. G. zaute. Cf. Tuyère.]

1. A pipe, funnel, or chimney, as for smoke. Chaucer.

2. The tuyère of a furnace.

TEWHIT
Te"whit, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lapwing; -- called also teewheep. [Prov. Eng.]

TEWTAW
Tew"taw, v. t. Etym: [See Tew, v. t.]

Defn: To beat; to break, as flax or hemp. [Obs.] Mortimer.

TEXAS
Tex"as, n.

Defn: A structure on the hurricane deck of a steamer, containing the
pilot house, officers' cabins, etc. [Western U.S.] Knight.

TEXAS LEAGUER
Tex"as Leagu"er. [From the Texas (baseball) League.] (Baseball)

Defn: A short fly that falls too far out to be handled by an
infielder and too close in to be caught by an outfielder. [Cant]

TEXT
Text, n. Etym: [F. texte, L. textus, texture, structure, context, fr.
texere, textum, to weave, construct, compose; cf. Gr. taksh to cut,
carve, make. Cf. Context, Mantle, n., Pretext, Tissue, Toil a snare.]

1. A discourse or composition on which a note or commentary is
written; the original words of an author, in distinction from a
paraphrase, annotation, or commentary. Chaucer.

2. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: The four Gospels, by way of distinction or eminence. [R.]

3. A verse or passage of Scripture, especially one chosen as the
subject of a sermon, or in proof of a doctrine.
How oft, when Paul has served us with a text, Has Epictetus, Plato,
Tully, preached! Cowper.

4. Hence, anything chosen as the subject of an argument, literary
composition, or the like; topic; theme.

5. A style of writing in large characters; text-hand also, a kind of
type used in printing; as, German text. Text blindness. (Physiol.)
See Word blindness, under Word.
 -- Text letter, a large or capital letter. [Obs.] -- Text pen, a
kind of metallic pen used in engrossing, or in writing text-hand.

TEXT
Text, v. t.

Defn: To write in large characters, as in text hand. [Obs.] Beau. &
Fl.

TEXT-BOOK
Text"-book`, n.

1. A book with wide spaces between the lines, to give room for notes.

2. A volume, as of some classical author, on which a teacher lectures
or comments; hence, any manual of instruction; a schoolbook.

TEXT-HAND
Text"-hand`, n.

Defn: A large hand in writing; -- so called because it was the
practice to write the text of a book in a large hand and the notes in
a smaller hand.

TEXT HAND
Text hand.

Defn: A large hand in writing; -- so called because it was the
practice to write the text of a book in a large hand and the notes in
a smaller hand.

TEXTILE
Tex"tile, a. Etym: [L. textilis, fr. texere to weave: cf. F. textile.
See Text.]

Defn: Pertaining to weaving or to woven fabrics; as, textile arts;
woven, capable of being woven; formed by weaving; as, textile
fabrics. Textile cone (Zoöl.), a beautiful cone shell (Conus
textilis) in which the colors are arranged so that they resemble
certain kinds of cloth.

TEXTILE
Tex"tile, n.

Defn: That which is, or may be, woven; a fabric made by weaving.
Bacon.

TEXTMAN
Text"man, n.; pl. Textmen (.

Defn: One ready in quoting texts. [R.] Bp. Sanderston.

TEXTORIAL
Tex*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. textorius, fr. textor a weaver, fr.
texere, textum, to weave.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to weaving. T. Warton.

TEXTRINE
Tex"trine, a. Etym: [L. textrinus, for textorinus, fr. textor a
weaver.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to weaving, textorial; as, the textrine art.
Denham.

TEXTUAL
Tex"tu*al, a. Etym: [OE. textuel, F. textuel.]

1. Of, pertaining to, or contained in, the text; as, textual
criticism; a textual reading. Milton.

2. Serving for, or depending on, texts. Bp. Hall.

3. Familiar with texts or authorities so as to cite them accurately.
"I am not textuel." Chaucer.

TEXTUALIST
Tex"tu*al*ist, n.

Defn: A textman; a textuary. Lightfoot.

TEXTUALLY
Tex"tu*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a textual manner; in the text or body of a work; in
accordance with the text.

TEXTUARIST
Tex"tu*a*rist, n.

Defn: A textuary. [R.]

TEXTUARY
Tex"tu*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. textuaire.]

1. Contained in the text; textual. Sir T. Browne.

2. Serving as a text; authoritative. Glanvill.

TEXTUARY
Tex"tu*a*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. textuaire.]

1. One who is well versed in the Scriptures; a textman. Bp. Bull.

2. One who adheres strictly or rigidly to the text.

TEXTUEL
Tex"tu*el, a.

Defn: Textual. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TEXTUIST
Tex"tu*ist, n.

Defn: A textualist; a textman. [Obs.]
The crabbed textualists of his time. Milton.

TEXTURAL
Tex"tur*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to texture.

TEXTURE
Tex"ture, n. Etym: [L. textura, fr. texere, textum, to weave: cf. F.
texture. See Text.]

1. The act or art of weaving. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. That which woven; a woven fabric; a web. Milton.
Others, apart far in the grassy dale, Or roughening waste, their
humble texture weave. Thomson.

3. The disposition or connection of threads, filaments, or other
slender bodies, interwoven; as, the texture of cloth or of a spider's
web.

4. The disposition of the several parts of any body in connection
with each other, or the manner in which the constituent parts are
united; structure; as, the texture of earthy substances or minerals;
the texture of a plant or a bone; the texture of paper; a loose or
compact texture.

5. (Biol.)

Defn: A tissue. See Tissue.

TEXTURE
Tex"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Textured; p. pr. & vb. n. Texturing.]

Defn: To form a texture of or with; to interweave. [R.]

TEXTURY
Tex"tur*y, n.

Defn: The art or process of weaving; texture. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

TEYNE
Teyne, n. Etym: [See Tain.]

Defn: A thin plate of metal. [Obs.] "A teyne of silver." Chaucer.

TH
Th.

Defn: In Old English, the article the, when the following word began
with a vowel, was often written with elision as if a part of the
word. Thus in Chaucer, the forms thabsence, tharray, thegle, thend,
thingot, etc., are found for the absence, the array, the eagle, the
end, etc.

THACK; THACKER
Thack, Thack"er.

Defn: See Thatch, Thatcher. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

THAK
Thak, v. t.

Defn: To thwack. [Obs.] Chaucer.

THALAMENCEPHALON
Thal`a*men*ceph"a*lon, n. Etym: [NL. See Thalamus, and Encephalon.]
(Anat.)

Defn: The segment of the brain next in front of the midbrain,
including the thalami, pineal gland, and pituitary body; the
diencephalon; the interbrain.

THALAMIC
Tha*lam"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a thalamus or to thalami.

THALAMIFLORAL; THALAMIFLOROUS
Thal`a*mi*flo"ral, Thal`a*mi*flo"rous, a. Etym: [See Thalamus, and
Floral.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing the stamens directly on the receptacle; -- said of a
subclass of polypetalous dicotyledonous plants in the system of De
Candolle.

THALAMOCOELE
Thal"a*mo*coele`, n. Etym: [Thalamic + Cg. (Anat.)

Defn: The cavity or ventricle of the thalamencephalon; the third
ventricle.

THALAMOPHORA
Thal`a*moph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Foraminifera.

THALAMUS
Thal"a*mus, n.; pl. Thalami. Etym: [L. thalamus chamber, Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A mass of nervous matter on either side of the third ventricle
of the brain; -- called also optic thalamus.

2. (Bot.)
(a) Same as Thallus.
(b) The receptacle of a flower; a torus.

THALASSIAN
Tha*las"si*an, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any sea tortoise.

THALASSIC
Tha*las"sic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sea; -- sometimes applied to rocks
formed from sediments deposited upon the sea bottom.

THALASSINIAN
Thal`as*sin"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Thalaassinidæ, a family of burrowing macrurous
Crustacea, having a long and soft abdomen.

THALASSOGRAPHY
Thal`as*sog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: The study or science of the life of marine organisms. Agassiz.

THALER
Tha"ler, n. Etym: [G. See Dollar.]

Defn: A German silver coin worth about three shillings sterling, or
about 73 cents.

THALIA
Tha*li"a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.)
(a) That one of the nine Muses who presided over comedy.
(b) One of the three Graces.
(c) One of the Nereids.

THALIACEA
Tha`li*a"ce*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Thalia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Tunicata comprising the free-swimming species,
such as Salpa and Doliolum.

THALIAN
Tha*li"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Thalia; hence, of or pertaining to comedy;
comic.

THALLATE
Thal"late, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of a hypothetical thallic acid.

THALLENE
Thal"lene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon obtained from coal-tar residues, and remarkable
for its intense yellowish green fluorescence.

THALLIC
Thal"lic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to thallium; derived from, or containing,
thallium; specifically, designating those compounds in which the
element has a higher valence as contrasted with the thallous
compounds; as, thallic oxide.

THALLINE
Thal"line, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Consisting of a thallus.

THALLINE
Thal"line, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: An artificial alkaloid of the quinoline series, obtained as a
white crystalline substance, C10H13NO, whose salts are valuable as
antipyretics; -- so called from the green color produced in its
solution by certain oxidizing agents.

THALLIOUS
Thal"li*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: See Thallous.

THALLIUM
Thal"li*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. green line in its spectrum.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element of the aluminium group found in some
minerals, as certain pyrites, and also in the lead-chamber deposit in
the manufacture of sulphuric acid. It is isolated as a heavy, soft,
bluish white metal, easily oxidized in moist air, but preserved by
keeping under water. Symbol Tl. Atomic weight 203.7.

THALLOGEN
Thal"lo*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of a large class or division of the vegetable kingdom,
which includes those flowerless plants, such as fungi, algæ, and
lichens, that consist of a thallus only, composed of cellular tissue,
or of a congeries of cells, or even of separate cells, and never show
a distinction into root, stem, and leaf.

THALLOID
Thal"loid, a. Etym: [Thallus + -oid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling, or consisting of, thallus.

THALLOPHYTA
Thal*loph"y*ta, n. pl. [NL. See Thallophyte.] (Bot.)

Defn: A phylum of plants of very diverse habit and structure,
including the algæ, fungi, and lichens. The simpler forms, as many
blue-green algæ, yeasts, etc., are unicellular and reproduce
vegetatively or  by means of asexual spores; in the higher forms the
plant body is a thallus, which may be filamentous or may consist of
plates of cells; it is commonly undifferentiated into stem, leaves,
and roots, and shows no distinct tissue systems; the fronds of many
algæ, however, are modified to serve many of the functions of the
above-named organs. Both asexual and sexual reproduction, often of a
complex type, occur in these forms. The Thallophyta exist almost
exclusively as gametophytes, the sporophyte being absent or
rudimentary. By those who do not separate the Myxophyta from the
Tallophyta as a distinct phylum the latter is treated as the
lowermost group in the vegetable kingdom.

THALLOPHYTE
Thal"lo*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Thallogen.

THALLOUS
Thal"lous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to thallium; derived from, or containing,
thallium; specifically, designating those compounds in which the
element has a lower valence as contrasted with the thallic compounds.
[Written also thallious.]

THALLUS
Thal"lus, n.; pl. Thalli. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A solid mass of cellular tissue, consisting of one or more
layers, usually in the form of a flat stratum or expansion, but
sometimes erect or pendulous, and elongated and branching, and
forming the substance of the thallogens.

THALWEG
Thal"weg`, n. [G., fr. thal valley + weg way. See Dale; Way.]
(Physiography)
 (a) A line following the lowest part of a valley, whether under
water or not.
 (b) The line of continuous maximum descent from any point on a land
surface, or that cutting all contours and angles.

THAMMUZ; TAMMUZ
Tham"muz, Tam"muz, n. Etym: [Heb. thammuz.]

1. A deity among the ancient Syrians, in honor of whom the Hebrew
idolatresses held an annual lamentation. This deity has been
conjectured to be the same with the Phoenician Adon, or Adonis.
Milton.

2. The fourth month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, -- supposed to
correspond nearly with our month of July.

THAMNOPHILE
Tham"no*phile, n. Etym: [Gr. qa`mnos a bush + fi`los loving.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bush shrike.

THAMYN
Tha"myn, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Asiatic deer (Rucervus Eldi) resembling the swamp deer; --
called also Eld's deer.

THAN
Than, conj. Etym: [OE. than, thon, then, thanne, thonne, thenne,
than, then, AS. thanne, thonne, th\'91nne; akin to D. dan, OHG.
danne, G. dann then, denn than, for, Goth. Þan then, and to E. the,
there, that. See That, and cf. Then.]

Defn: A particle expressing comparison, used after certain adjectives
and adverbs which express comparison or diversity, as more, better,
other, otherwise, and the like. It is usually followed by the object
compared in the nominative case. Sometimes, however, the object
compared is placed in the objective case, and than is then considered
by some grammarians as a preposition. Sometimes the object is
expressed in a sentence, usually introduced by that; as, I would
rather suffer than that you should want.
Behold, a greater than Solomon is here. Matt. xii. 42.
Which when Beelzebub perceived, than whom, Satan except, none higher
sat. Milton.
It's wiser being good than bad; It's safer being meek than fierce;
It's fitter being sane than mad. R. Browning.

THAN
Than, adv.

Defn: Then. See Then. [Obs.] Gower.
Thanne longen folk to gon on pilgrimages. Chaucer.

THANA
Tha"na (tä"nä), n. [Written also tana, tanna.] [Hind. thana.]

Defn: A police station. [India] Kipling.

THANAGE
Than"age, n.

Defn: The district in which a thane anciently had jurisdiction;
thanedom.

THANATOID
Than"a*toid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Deathlike; resembling death. Dunglison.

THANATOLOGY
Than`a*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A description, or the doctrine, of death. Dunglison.

THANATOPSIS
Than`a*top"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A view of death; a meditation on the subject of death. Bryant.

THANE
Thane, n. Etym: [OE. thein, Þein, AS. Þegen, Þegn; akin to OHG. degan
a follower, warrior, boy, MHG. degen a hero, G. degen hero, soldier,
Icel. Þegn a thane, a freeman; probably akin to Gr. Þius servant, AS.
Þeón, G. dienen to serve.]

Defn: A dignitary under the Anglo-Saxons and Danes in England. Of
these there were two orders, the king's thanes, who attended the
kings in their courts and held lands immediately of them, and the
ordinary thanes, who were lords of manors and who had particular
jurisdiction within their limits. After the Conquest, this title was
disused, and baron took its place.

Note: Among the ancient Scots, thane was a title of honor, which
seems gradually to have declined in its significance. Jamieson.

THANEDOM
Thane"dom, n.

Defn: The property or jurisdiction of a thane; thanage. Sir W. Scott.

THANEHOOD
Thane"hood, n.

Defn: The character or dignity of a thane; also, thanes,
collectively. J. R. Green.

THANESHIP
Thane"ship, n.

Defn: The state or dignity of a thane; thanehood; also, the
seignioralty of a thane.

THANK
Thank, n.; pl. Thanks. Etym: [AS. Þanc, Þonc, thanks, favor, thought;
akin to OS. thank favor, pleasure, thanks, D. & G. dank thanks, Icel.
Þ\'94kk, Dan. tak, Sw. tack, Goth. Þagks thanks; -- originally, a
thought, a thinking. See Think.]

Defn: A expression of gratitude; an acknowledgment expressive of a
sense of favor or kindness received; obligation, claim, or desert, or
gratitude; -- now generally used in the plural. "This ceremonial
thanks." Massinger.
If ye do good to them which do good to you, what thank have ye for
sinners also do even the same. Luke vi. 33.
What great thank, then, if any man, reputed wise and constant, will
neither do, nor permit others under his charge to do, that which he
approves not, especially in matter of sin Milton.
Thanks, thanks to thee, most worthy friend, For the lesson thou hast
taught. Longfellow.
His thanks, Her thanks, etc., of his or her own accord; with his or
her good will; voluntary. [Obs.]
Full sooth is said that love ne lordship, Will not, his thanks, have
no fellowship. Chaucer.
-- In thank, with thanks or thankfulness. [Obs.] -- Thank offering,
an offering made as an expression of thanks.

THANK
Thank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thanked; p. pr. & vb. n. Thanking.] Etym:
[AS. Þancian. See Thank, n.]

Defn: To express gratitude to (anyone) for a favor; to make
acknowledgments to (anyone) for kindness bestowed; -- used also
ironically for blame.
"Graunt mercy, lord, that thank I you," quod she. Chaucer.
I thank thee for thine honest care. Shak.
Weigh the danger with the doubtful bliss, And thank yourself if aught
should fall amiss. Dryden.

THANKFUL
Thank"ful, a. Etym: [AS. Þancfull.]

1. Obtaining or deserving thanks; thankworthy. [R.]
Ladies, look here; this is the thankful glass That mends the looker's
eyes; this is the well That washes what it shows. Herbert.

2. Impressed with a sense of kindness received, and ready to
acknowledge it; grateful.
Be thankful unto him, and bless his name. Ps. c. 4.
-- Thank"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Thank"ful*ness, n.

THANKLESS
Thank"less, a.

1. Not acknowledging favors; not expressing thankfulness; unthankful;
ungrateful.
That she may feel How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is To have a
thankless child! Shak.

2. Not obtaining or deserving thanks; unacceptable; as, a thankless
task.
To shepherd thankless, but by thieves that love the night allowed.
Chapman.
-- Thank"less*ly, adv.
 -- Thank"less*ness, n.

THANKLY
Thank"ly, adv.

Defn: Thankfully. [Obs.] Sylvester (Du Bartas).

THANKSGIVE
Thanks"give, v. t.

Defn: To give or dedicate in token of thanks. [Obs. or R.] Mede.

THANKSGIVER
Thanks"giv`er, n.

Defn: One who gives thanks, or acknowledges a kindness. Barrow.

THANKSGIVING
Thanks"giv`ing, n.

1. The act of rending thanks, or expressing gratitude for favors or
mercies.
Every creature of God is good, and nothing to be refused, if it be
received with thanksgiving. 1 Tim. iv. 4.
In the thanksgiving before meat. Shak.
And taught by thee the Church prolongs Her hymns of high thanksgiving
still. Keble.

2. A public acknowledgment or celebration of divine goodness; also, a
day set apart for religious services, specially to acknowledge the
goodness of God, either in any remarkable deliverance from calamities
or danger, or in the ordinary dispensation of his bounties.

Note: In the United States it is now customary for the President by
proclamation to appoint annually a day (usually the last Thursday in
November) of thanksgiving and praise to God for the mercies of the
past year. This is an extension of the custom long prevailing in
several States in which an annual Thanksgiving day has been appointed
by proclamation of the governor.

THANKWORTHINESS
Thank"wor`thi*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being thankworthy.

THANKWORTHY
Thank"wor`thy, a.

Defn: Deserving thanks; worthy of gratitude; mreitorious.
For this thankworthy, if a man, for conscience toward God, endure
grief, suffering wrongfully. 1 Pet. ii. 19.

THAR
Thar, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A goatlike animal (Capra Jemlaica) native of the Himalayas. It
has small, flattened horns, curved directly backward. The hair of the
neck, shoulders, and chest of the male is very long, reaching to the
knees. Called also serow, and imo. [Written also thaar, and tahr.]

THAR
Thar, v. impersonal, pres. Etym: [OE. thar, Þarf, AS. Þearf, infin.
Þurfan to need; akin to OHG. durfan, G. dürfen to be allowed, Icel.
Þurfa to need, Goth. Þaúrban.]

Defn: It needs; need. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
What thar thee reck or care Chaucer.

THARMS
Tharms, n. pl. Etym: [AS. Þearm a gut; akin to D. & G. darm, Icel.
Þarmr, Sw. & Dan. tarm. *53.]

Defn: Twisted guts. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ascham.

THAROS
Tha"ros, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small American butterfly (Phycoides tharos) having the upper
surface of the wings variegated with orange and black, the outer
margins black with small white crescents; -- called also pearl
crescent.

THAT
That, pron., a., conj., & adv. Etym: [AS. th\'91t, neuter nom. & acc.
sing. of the article (originally a demonstrative pronoun). The nom.
masc. se, and the nom. fem. seó are from a different root. AS.
th\'91t is akin to D. dat, G. das, OHG. daz, Sw. & Dan. det, Icel.
Þat (masc. sa, fem. so), Goth. Þata (masc. sa, fem. so), Gr. tat (for
tad, masc. sas, fem. sa); cf. L. istud that. *184. Cf. The, Their,
They, Them, This, Than, Since.]

1. As a demonstrative pronoun (pl. Those), that usually points out,
or refers to, a person or thing previously mentioned, or supposed to
be understood. That, as a demonstrative, may precede the noun to
which it refers; as, that which he has said is true; those in the
basket are good apples.
The early fame of Gratian was equal to that of the most celebrated
princes. Gibbon.

Note: That may refer to an entire sentence or paragraph, and not
merely to a word. It usually follows, but sometimes precedes, the
sentence referred to.
That be far from thee, to do after this manner, to slay the righteous
with the wicked. Gen. xviii. 25.
And when Moses heard that, he was content. Lev. x. 20.
I will know your business, Harry, that I will. Shak.

Note: That is often used in opposition to this, or by way of
distinction, and in such cases this, like the Latin hic and French
ceci, generally refers to that which is nearer, and that, like Latin
ille and French cela, to that which is more remote. When they refer
to foreign words or phrases, this generally refers to the latter, and
that to the former.
Two principles in human nature reign; Self-love, to urge, and Reason,
to restrain; Nor this a good, nor that a bad we call. Pope.
If the Lord will, we shall live, and do this or that. James iv. 16.

2. As an adjective, that has the same demonstrative force as the
pronoun, but is followed by a noun.
It shall be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of
judgment, than for that city. Matt. x. 15.
The woman was made whole from that hour. Matt. ix. 22.

Note: That was formerly sometimes used with the force of the article
the, especially in the phrases that one, that other, which were
subsequently corrupted into th'tone, th'tother (now written t'other).
Upon a day out riden knightes two . . . That one of them came home,
that other not. Chaucer.

3. As a relative pronoun, that is equivalent to who or which, serving
to point out, and make definite, a person or thing spoken of, or
alluded to, before, and may be either singular or plural.
He that reproveth a scorner getteth to himself shame. Prov. ix. 7.
A judgment that is equal and impartial must incline to the greater
probabilities. Bp. Wilkins.

Note: If the relative clause simply conveys an additional idea, and
is not properly explanatory or restrictive, who or which (rarely
that) is employed; as, the king that (or who) rules well is generally
popular; Victoria, who (not that) rules well, enjoys the confidence
of her subjects. Ambiguity may in some cases be avoided in the use of
that (which is restrictive) instead of who or which, likely to be
understood in a coördinating sense. Bain. That was formerly used for
that which, as what is now; but such use is now archaic.
We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen. John iii.
11.
That I have done it is thyself to wite [blame]. Chaucer.
That, as a relative pronoun, cannot be governed by a preposition
preceding it, but may be governed by one at the end of the sentence
which it commences.
The ship that somebody was sailing in. Sir W. Scott.
In Old English, that was often used with the demonstratives he, his,
him, etc., and the two together had the force of a relative pronoun;
thus, that he = who; that his = whose; that him = whom.
I saw to-day a corpse yborn to church That now on Monday last I saw
him wirche [work]. Chaucer.
Formerly, that was used, where we now commonly use which, as a
relative pronoun with the demonstrative pronoun that as its
antecedent.
That that dieth, let it die; and that that is to cut off, let it be
cut off. Zech. xi. 9.

4. As a conjunction, that retains much of its force as a
demonstrative pronoun. It is used, specifically: --
(a) To introduce a clause employed as the object of the preceding
verb, or as the subject or predicate nominative of a verb.
She tells them 't is a causeless fantasy, And childish error, that
they are afraid. Shak.
I have shewed before, that a mere possibility to the contrary, can by
no means hinder a thing from being highly credible. Bp. Wilkins.

(b) To introduce, a reason or cause; -- equivalent to for that, in
that, for the reason that, because.
He does hear me; And that he does, I weep. Shak.

(c) To introduce a purpose; -- usually followed by may, or might, and
frequently preceded by so, in order, to the end, etc.
These things I say, that ye might be saved. John v. 34.
To the end that he may prolong his days. Deut. xvii. 20.

(d) To introduce a consequence, result, or effect; -- usually
preceded by so or such, sometimes by that.
The birds their notes renew, and bleating herds Attest their joy,
that hill and valley rings. Milton.
He gazed so long That both his eyes were dazzled. Tennyson.
(e) To introduce a clause denoting time; -- equivalent to in which
time, at which time, when.
So wept Duessa until eventide, That shining lamps in Jove's high
course were lit. Spenser.
Is not this the day That Hermia should give answer of her choice
Shak.

(f) In an elliptical sentence to introduce a dependent sentence
expressing a wish, or a cause of surprise, indignation, or the like.
Ha, cousin Silence, that thou hadst seen that that this knight and I
have seen! Shak.
O God, that right should thus overcome might! Shak.

Note: That was formerly added to other conjunctions or to adverbs to
make them emphatic.
To try if that our own be ours or no. Shak.
That is sometimes used to connect a clause with a preceding
conjunction on which it depends.
When he had carried Rome and that we looked For no less spoil than
glory. Shak.

5. As adverb: To such a degree; so; as, he was that frightened he
could say nothing. [Archaic or in illiteral use.] All that,
everything of that kind; all that sort.
With singing, laughing, ogling, and all that. Pope.
The rank is but the guinea's stamp, The man's the gowd [gold] for
a'that. Burns.
-- For that. See under For, prep.
 -- In that. See under In, prep.

THATCH
Thatch, n. Etym: [OE. thak, AS. Þ\'91c a roof; akin to Þeccean to
cover, D. dak a roof, dekken to cover, G. dach a roof, decken 8cover,
Icel. Þak a roof, Sw. tak, Dan. tag, Lith. stogas, Ir. teagh a house,
Gael. teach, tigh, W. ty, L. tegere to cover, toga a toga, Gr. sthag.
Cf. Deck, Integument, Tile, Toga.]

1. Straw, rushes, or the like, used for making or covering the roofs
of buildings, or of stacks of hay or grain.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A name in the West Indies for several kinds of palm, the leaves
of which are used for thatching. Thatch sparrow, the house sparrow.
[Prov. Eng.]

THATCH
Thatch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thatched; p. pr. & vb. n. Thatching.]
Etym: [From Thatch, n.: cf. OE. thecchen, AS. to cover.]

Defn: To cover with, or with a roof of, straw, reeds, or some similar
substance; as, to thatch a roof, a stable, or a stack of grain.

THATCHER
Thatch"er, n.

Defn: One who thatches.

THATCHING
Thatch"ing, n.

1. The act or art of covering buildings with thatch; so as to keep
out rain, snow, etc.

2. The materials used for this purpose; thatch.

THAUGHT
Thaught, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Thwart.

THAUMATOLATRY
Thau`ma*tol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Worship or undue admiration of wonderful or miraculous things.
[R.]
The thaumatolatry by which our theology has been debased for more
than a century. Hare.

THAUMATROPE
Thau"ma*trope, n. Etym: [Gr. (Opt.)

Defn: An optical instrument or toy for showing the presistence of an
impression upon the eyes after the luminous object is withdrawn.

Note: It consists of a card having on its opposite faces figures of
two different objects, or halves of the same object, as a bird and a
cage, which, when the card is whirled rapidlz round a diameter by the
strings that hold it, appear to the eye combined in a single picture,
as of a bird in its cage.

THAUMATURGE
Thau"ma*turge, n. Etym: [See Thaumaturgus.]

Defn: A magician; a wonder worker. Lowell.

THAUMATURGIC; THAUMATURGICAL
Thau`ma*tur"gic, Thau`ma*tur"gic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to thaumaturgy; magical; wonderful. Burton.

THAUMATURGICS
Thau`ma*tur"gics, n.

Defn: Feats of legerdemain, or magical performances.

THAUMATURGIST
Thau`ma*tur"gist, n.

Defn: One who deals in wonders, or believes in them; a wonder worker.
Carlyle.

THAUMATURGUS
Thau`ma*tur"gus, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

Defn: A miracle worker; -- a title given by the Roman Catholics to
some saints.

THAUMATURGY
Thau"ma*tur`gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The act or art of performing something wonderful; magic;
legerdemain. T. Warton.

THAVE
Thave, n.

Defn: Same as Theave. [Prov. Eng.]

THAW
Thaw, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Thawed; p. pr. & vb. n. Thawing.] Etym:
[AS. Þ\'bewian, Þ\'bewan; akin to D. dovijen, G. tauen, thauen (cf.
also verdauen 8digest, OHG. douwen, firdouwen), Icel. Þeyja, Sw. töa,
Dan. töe, and perhaps to Gr.

1. To melt, dissolve, or become fluid; to soften; -- said of that
which is frozen; as, the ice thaws.

2. To become so warm as to melt ice and snow; -- said in reference to
the weather, and used impersonally.

3. Fig.: To grow gentle or genial.

THAW
Thaw, v. t.

Defn: To cause (frozen things, as earth, snow, ice) to melt, soften,
or dissolve.

THAW
Thaw, n.

Defn: The melting of ice, snow, or other congealed matter; the
resolution of ice, or the like, into the state of a fluid;
liquefaction by heat of anything congealed by frost; also, a warmth
of weather sufficient to melt that which is congealed. Dryden.

THAWY
Thaw"y, a.

Defn: Liquefying by heat after having been frozen; thawing; melting.

THE
The, v. i.

Defn: See Thee. [Obs.] Chaucer. Milton.

THE
The (the, when emphatic or alone; the, obscure before a vowel; the,
obscure before a consonant; 37), definite article. Etym: [AS. the, a
later form for earlier nom. sing. masc. se, formed under the
influence of the oblique cases. See That, pron.]

Defn: A word placed before nouns to limit or individualize their
meaning.

Note: The was originally a demonstrative pronoun, being a weakened
form of that. When placed before adjectives and participles, it
converts them into abstract nouns; as, the sublime and the beautiful.
Burke. The is used regularly before many proper names, as of rivers,
oceans, ships, etc.; as, the Nile, the Atlantic, the Great Eastern,
the West Indies, The Hague. The with an epithet or ordinal number
often follows a proper name; as, Alexander the Great; Napoleon the
Third. The may be employed to individualize a particular kind or
species; as, the grasshopper shall be a burden. Eccl. xii. 5.

THE
The, adv. Etym: [AS. th\'c7, th\'df, instrumental case of se, seó,
th\'91t, the definite article. See 2d The.]

Defn: By that; by how much; by so much; on that account; -- used
before comparatives; as, the longer we continue in sin, the more
difficult it is to reform. "Yet not the more cease I." Milton.
So much the rather thou, Celestial Light, Shine inward, and the mind
through all her powers Irradiate. Milton.

THEA
The"a, n. Etym: [NL. See Tea.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants found in China and Japan; the tea plant.

Note: It is now commonly referred to the genus camellia.

THEANDRIC
The*an"dric, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Relating to, or existing by, the union of divine and human
operation in Christ, or the joint agency of the divine and human
nature. Murdock.

THEANTHROPIC; THEANTHROPICAL
The`an*throp"ic, The`an*throp"ic*al, a.

Defn: Partaking of, or combining, both divinity and humanity. [R.]
The gorgeous and imposing figures of his [Homer's] theanthropic
sytem. Gladstone.

THEANTHROPISM
The*an"thro*pism, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A state of being God and man. [R.] Coleridge.

2. The ascription of human atributes to the Deity, or to a
polytheistic deity; anthropomorphism. Gladstone.

THEANTHROPIST
The*an"thro*pist, n.

Defn: One who advocates, or believes in, theanthropism.

THEANTHROPY
The*an"thro*py, n.

Defn: Theanthropism.

THEARCHIC
The*ar"chic, a. Etym: [Gr. Thearchy.]

Defn: Divinely sovereign or supreme. [R.]
He [Jesus] is the thearchic Intelligence. Milman.

THEARCHY
The"ar*chy, n. Etym: [Gr. -archy: cf. Gr.

Defn: Government by God; divine sovereignty; theocracy.

THEATER; THEATRE
The"a*ter, The"a*tre, n. Etym: [F. thé\'83tre, L. theatrum, Gr. dhya
to meditate, think. Cf. Theory.]

1. An edifice in which dramatic performances or spectacles are
exhibited for the amusement of spectators; anciently uncovered,
except the stage, but in modern times roofed.

2. Any room adapted to the exhibition of any performances before an
assembly, as public lectures, scholastic exercises, anatomical
demonstrations, surgical operations, etc.

3. That which resembles a theater in form, use, or the like; a place
rising by steps or gradations, like the seats of a theater. Burns.
Shade above shade, a woody theater Of stateliest view. Milton.

4. A sphere or scheme of operation. [Obs.]
For if a man can be partaker of God's theater, he shall likewise be
partaker of God's rest. Bacon.

5. A place or region where great events are enacted; as, the theater
of war.

THEATIN; THEATINE
The"a*tin, The"a*tine, n. Etym: [F. théatin, It. theatino.] (R. C.
Ch.)

1. One of an order of Italian monks, established in 1524, expressly
to oppose Reformation, and to raise the tone of piety among Roman
Catholics. They hold no property, nor do they beg, but depend on what
Providence sends. Their chief employment is preaching and giving
religious instruction.

Note: Their name is derived from Theate, or Chieti, a city of Naples,
the archbishop of which was a principal founder of the order; but
they bore various names; as, Regular Clerks of the Community, Pauline
Monks, Apostolic Clerks, and Regular Clerks of the Divine Providence.
The order never flourished much out of Italy.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: One of an order of nuns founded by Ursula Benincasa, who died
in 1618.

THEATRAL
The"a*tral, a. Etym: [L. theatralis: cf. F. théatral.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a theater; theatrical. [Obs.]

THEATRIC
The*at"ric, a.

Defn: Theatrical.
Woods over woods in gay, theatric pride. Goldsmith.

THEATRICAL
The*at"ric*al, a. Etym: [L. theatricus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a theater, or to the scenic
representations; resembling the manner of dramatic performers;
histrionic; hence, artificial; as, theatrical performances;
theatrical gestures.
 -- The*at`ri*cal"i*ty, n.
 -- The*at"ric*al*ly, adv.
No meretricious aid whatever has been called in -- no trick, no
illusion of the eye, nothing theatrical. R. Jefferies.

THEATRICALS
The*at"ric*als, n. pl.

Defn: Dramatic performances; especially, those produced by amateurs.
Such fashionable cant terms as `theatricals,' and `musicals,'
invented by the flippant Topham, still survive among his
confraternity of frivolity. I. Disraeli.

THEAVE
Theave, n. Etym: [Cf. W. dafad a sheep, ewe.]

Defn: A ewe lamb of the first year; also, a sheep three years old.
[Written also thave.] [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

THEBAIC
The*ba"ic, a. Etym: [L. thebaicus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Thebes in Egypt; specifically, designating
a version of the Bible preserved by the Copts, and esteemed of great
value by biblical scholars. This version is also called the Sahidic
version.

THEBAID
The"ba*id, n. Etym: [L. Thebais, -idis.]

Defn: A Latin epic poem by Statius about Thebes in Boeotia.

THEBAINE
The*ba"ine, n. Etym: [So called from a kind of Egyptian opium
produced at Thebes.] (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous alkaloid, C19H21NO3, found in opium in small
quantities, having a sharp, astringent taste, and a tetanic action
resembling that of strychnine.

THEBAN
The"ban, a. Etym: [L. Thebanus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Thebes. Theban year (Anc. Chron.), the
Egyptian year of 365 days and 6 hours. J. Bryant.

THEBAN
The"ban, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Thebes; also, a wise man.
I'll talk a word with this same learned Theban. Shak.

THECA
The"ca, n.; pl. Thecæ. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Tick a cover.]

1. A sheath; a case; as, the theca, or cell, of an anther; the theca,
or spore case, of a fungus; the theca of the spinal cord.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The chitinous cup which protects the hydranths of certain
hydroids.
(b) The more or less cuplike calicle of a coral.
(c) The wall forming a calicle of a coral.

THECAL
The"cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a theca; as, a thecal abscess.

THECAPHORE
The"ca*phore, n. Etym: [Theca + Gr. thécaphore.] (Bot.)
(a) A surface or organ bearing a theca, or covered with thecæ.
(b) See Basigynium.

THECASPOROUS
The*cas"po*rous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the spores in thecæ, or cases.

THECATA
The*ca"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Thecophora.

THECLA
Thec"la, n.

Defn: Any one of many species of small delicately colored butterflies
belonging to Thecla and allied genera; -- called also hairstreak, and
elfin.

THECODACTYL
The`co*dac"tyl, n. [ (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of a group of lizards of the Gecko tribe, having the
toes broad, and furnished with a groove in which the claws can be
concealed.

THECODONT
The"co*dont, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the teeth inserted in sockets in the alveoli of the
jaws.

2. (Paleon.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the thecodonts.

THECODONT
The"co*dont, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: One of the Thecodontia.

THECODONTIA
The`co*don"ti*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A group of fossil saurians having biconcave vertebræ and the
teeth implanted in sockets.

THECOPHORA
The*coph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of hydroids comprising those which have the
hydranths in thecæ and the gonophores in capsules. The campanularians
and sertularians are examples. Called also Thecata. See Illust. under
Hydroidea.

THECOSOMATA
The`co*so"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Theca, and Soma.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Pteropoda comprising those species which have a
shell. See Pteropoda.
 -- The`co*so"ma*tous, a.

THEDOM
The"dom, n. Etym: [Thee to prosper + -dom.]

Defn: Success; fortune; luck; chance. [Obs.]
Evil thedom on his monk's snout. Chaucer.

THEE
Thee, v. i. Etym: [AS. ; akin to OS. thihan, D. gedijen, G. gedeihen,
OHG. gidihan, Goth. , Lith. tekti to fall to the lot of. Cf. Tight,
a.]

Defn: To thrive; to prosper. [Obs.] "He shall never thee." Chaucer.
Well mote thee, as well can wish your thought. Spenser.

THEE
Thee, pron. Etym: [AS. th\'c7, acc. & dat. of th\'d4 thou. See Thou.]

Defn: The objective case of thou. See Thou.

Note: Thee is poetically used for thyself, as him for himself, etc.
This sword hath ended him; so shall it thee, Unless thou yield thee
as my prisoner. Shak.

THEFT
Theft, n. Etym: [OE. thefte, AS. Þiéfthe, Þ\'dffthe, Þeófthe. See
Thief.]

1. (Law)

Defn: The act of stealing; specifically, the felonious taking and
removing of personal property, with an intent to deprive the rightful
owner of the same; larceny.

Note: To constitute theft there must be a taking without the owner's
consent, and it must be unlawful or felonious; every part of the
property stolen must be removed, however slightly, from its former
position; and it must be, at least momentarily, in the complete
possession of the thief. See Larceny, and the Note under Robbery.

2. The thing stolen. [R.]
If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive, . . . he shall
restore double. Ex. xxii. 4.

THEFTBOTE
Theft"bote`, n. Etym: [Theft + bote compensation.] (Law)

Defn: The receiving of a man's goods again from a thief, or a
compensation for them, by way of composition, with the intent that
the thief shall escape punishment.

THEGN
Thegn, n.

Defn: Thane. See Thane. E. A. Freeman.

THEGNHOOD
Thegn"hood, n.

Defn: Thanehood. E. A. Freeman.

THEIFORM
The"i*form, a. Etym: [NL. thea tea, the tea plant + -form: cf. F.
théiforme.]

Defn: Having the form of tea.

THEINE
The"ine, n. Etym: [F. théine, fr. NL. thea. See Theiform.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Caffeine. Called also theina.

THEIR
Their, pron. & a. Etym: [OE. thair, fr. Icel. Þeirra, Þeira, of them,
but properly gen. pl. of the definite article; akin to AS. th\'bera,
th\'d6ra, gen. pl. of the definite article, or fr. AS. th\'d6ra,
influenced by the Scandinavian use. See That.]

Defn: The possessive case of the personal pronoun they; as, their
houses; their country.

Note: The possessive takes the form theirs (theirs is best
cultivated.
Nothing but the name of zeal appears 'Twixt our best actions and the
worst of theirs. Denham.

THEISM
The"ism, n. Etym: [From Gr. théisme. Cf. Enthusiasm, Pantheon,
Theology.]

Defn: The belief or acknowledgment of the existence of a God, as
opposed to atheism, pantheism, or polytheism.

THEIST
The"ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. théiste. See Theism.]

Defn: One who believes in the existence of a God; especially, one who
believes in a personal God; -- opposed to atheist.

THEISTIC; THEISTICAL
The*is"tic, The*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to theism, or a theist; according to the
doctrine of theists.

THELPHUSIAN
Thel*phu"si*an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of fresh-water crabs which live in or on the
banks of rivers in tropical countries.

THELYTOKOUS
The*lyt"o*kous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing females only; -- said of certain female insects.

THEM
Them, pron. Etym: [AS. th\'d6m, dat. pl. of the article, but
influenced by the Scand. use of the corresponding form Þeim as a
personal pronoun. See They.]

Defn: The objective case of they. See They.
Go ye rather to them that sell, and buy for yourselves. Matt. xxv. 9.
Then shall the King say unto them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed
of my Father. Matt. xxv. 34.

Note: Them is poetically used for themselves, as him for himself,
etc.
Little stars may hide them when they list. Shak.

THEMATIC
The*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. thématique.]

1. (Gram.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the theme of a word. See Theme, n., 4.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a theme, or subject. Thematic catalogue
(Mus.), a catalogue of musical works which, besides the title and
other particulars, gives in notes the theme, or first few measures,
of the whole work or of its several movements.

THEME
Theme, n. Etym: [OE. teme, OF. teme, F. thème, L. thema, Gr. Do, and
cf. Thesis.]

1. A subject or topic on which a person writes or speaks; a
proposition for discussion or argument; a text.
My theme is alway one and ever was. Chaucer.
And when a soldier was the theme, my name Was not far off. Shak.

2. Discourse on a certain subject.
Then ran repentance and rehearsed his theme. Piers Plowman.
It was the subject of my theme. Shak.

3. A composition or essay required of a pupil. Locke.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: A noun or verb, not modified by inflections; also, that part of
a noun or verb which remains unchanged (except by euphonic
variations) in declension or conjugation; stem.

5. That by means of which a thing is done; means; instrument. [Obs.]
Swift.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: The leading subject of a composition or a movement.

THEMIS
The"mis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: The goddess of law and order; the patroness of existing rights.

THEMSELVES
Them*selves", pron.

Defn: The plural of himself, herself, and itself. See Himself,
Herself, Itself.

THEN
Then, adv. Etym: [Originally the same word as than. See Than.]

1. At that time (referring to a time specified, either past or
future).
And the Canaanite was then in the land. Gen. xii. 6.
Now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known. 1
Cor. xiii. 12.

2. Soon afterward, or immediately; next; afterward.
First be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift.
Matt. v. 24.

3. At another time; later; again.
One while the master is not aware of what is done, and then in other
cases it may fall out to be own act. L'Estrange.
By then. (a) By that time. (b) By the time that. [Obs.]
But that opinion, I trust, by then this following argument hath been
well read, will be left for one of the mysteries of an indulgent
Antichrist. Milton.
Now and then. See under Now, adv.
 -- Till then, until that time; until the time mentioned. Milton.

Note: Then is often used elliptically, like an adjective, for then
existing; as, the then administration.

THEN
Then, conj.

1. Than. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. In that case; in consequence; as a consequence; therefore; for
this reason.
If all this be so, then man has a natural freedom. Locke.
Now, then, be all thy weighty cares away. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Therefore. Then, Therefore. Both these words are used in
reasoning; but therefore takes the lead, while then is rather
subordinate or incidental. Therefore states reasons and draws
inferences in form; then, to a great extent, takes the point as
proved, and passes on to the general conclusion. "Therefore being
justified by faith, we have peace with God." Rom. v. 1. "So then
faith cometh by hearing, and hearing by the word of God." Rom. x. 17.

THENADAYS
Then"a*days, adv.

Defn: At that time; then; in those days; -- correlative to nowadays.
[R.]

THENAL; THENAR
The"nal, The"nar, a. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the thenar; corresponding to thenar;
palmar.

THENAR
The"nar, n. (Anat.)
(a) The palm of the hand.
(b) The prominence of the palm above the base of the thumb; the
thenar eminence; the ball of the thumb. Sometimes applied to the
corresponding part of the foot.

THENARDITE
The*nard"ite, n. Etym: [Named after the French chemist, L.J.Thénard.]
(Min.)

Defn: Anhydrous sodium sulphate, a mineral of a white or brown color
and vitreous luster.

THENCE
Thence, adv. Etym: [OE. thenne, thanne, and (with the adverbal -s;
see -wards) thennes, thannes (hence thens, now written thence), AS.
thanon, thanan, thonan; akin to OHG. dannana, dannan, danan, and G.
von dannen, E. that, there. See That.]

1. From that place. "Bid him thence go." Chaucer.
When ye depart thence, shake off the dust under your feet for a
testimony against them. Mark vi. 11.

Note: It is not unusual, though pleonastic, to use from before
thence. Cf. Hence, Whence.
Then I will send, and fetch thee from thence. Gen. xxvii. 45.

2. From that time; thenceforth; thereafter.
There shall be no more thence an infant of days. Isa. lxv. 20.

3. For that reason; therefore.
Not to sit idle with so great a gift Useless, and thence ridiculous,
about him. Milton.

4. Not there; elsewhere; absent. [Poetic] Shak.

THENCEFORTH
Thence`forth", adv.

Defn: From that time; thereafter.
If the salt have lost his savor, wherewith shall it be salted it is
thenceforth good for nothing. Matt. v. 13.

Note: This word is sometimes preceded by from, -- a redundancy
sanctioned by custom. Chaucer. John. xix. 12.

THENCEFORWARD
Thence`for"ward, adv.

Defn: From that time onward; thenceforth.

THENCEFROM
Thence`from", adv.

Defn: From that place. [Obs.]

THEOBROMA
The`o*bro"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. théobrome.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of small trees. See Cacao.

THEOBROMIC
The`o*bro"mic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid extracted from cacao
butter (from the Theobroma Cacao), peanut oil (from Arachis hypogæa),
etc., as a white waxy crystalline substance.

THEOBROMINE
The`o*bro"mine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloidal ureide, C7H8N4O2, homologous with and resembling
caffeine, produced artificially, and also extracted from cacao and
chocolate (from Theobroma Cacao) as a bitter white crystalline
substance; -- called also dimethyl xanthine.

THEOCHRISTIC
The`o*chris"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Anointed by God.

THEOCRACY
The*oc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Gr. théocratie. See Theism, and cf.
Democracy.]

1. Government of a state by the immediate direction or administration
of God; hence, the exercise of political authority by priests as
representing the Deity.

2. The state thus governed, as the Hebrew commonwealth before it
became a kingdom.

THEOCRASY
The*oc"ra*sy, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A mixture of the worship of different gods, as of Jehovah and
idols.
This syncretistic theocracy by no means excludes in him [Solomon] the
proper service of idols. J. Murphy.

2. (Philos.)

Defn: An intimate union of the soul with God in contemplation, -- an
ideal of the Neoplatonists and of some Oriental mystics.

THEOCRAT
The"o*crat, n.

Defn: One who lives under a theocratic form of government; one who in
civil affairs conforms to divine law.

THEOCRATIC; THEOCRATICAL
The`o*crat"ic, The`o*crat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. théocratique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a theocracy; administred by the immediate
direction of God; as, the theocratical state of the Israelites.

THEODICY
The*od"i*cy, n. Etym: [NL. theodicæa, fr. Gr. théodicée.]

1. A vindication of the justice of God in ordaining or permitting
natural and moral evil.

2. That department of philosophy which treats of the being,
perfections, and government of God, and the immortality of the soul.
Krauth-Fleming.

THEODOLITE
The*od"o*lite, n. Etym: [Probably a corruption of the alidade. See
Alidade.]

Defn: An instrument used, especially in trigonometrical surveying,
for the accurate measurement of horizontal angles, and also usually
of vertical angles. It is variously constructed.

Note: The theodolite consists principally of a telescope, with cross
wires in the focus of its object glass, clamped in Y's attached to a
frame that is mounted so as to turn both on vertical and horizontal
axes, the former carrying a vernier plate on a horizontal graduated
plate or circle for azimuthal angles, and the latter a vertical
graduated arc or semicircle for altitudes. The whole is furnished
with levels and adjusting screws and mounted on a tripod.

THEODOLITIC
The*od`o*lit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a theodolite; made by means of a
theodolite; as, theodolitic observations.

THEOGONIC
The`o*gon"ic, a.

Defn: Of or relating to theogony.

THEOGONISM
The*og"o*nism, n.

Defn: Theogony. [R.]

THEOGONIST
The*og"o*nist, n.

Defn: A writer on theogony.

THEOGONY
The*og"o*ny, n. Etym: [L. theogonia, Gr. Theism, and Genus.]

Defn: The generation or genealogy of the gods; that branch of heathen
theology which deals with the origin and descent of the deities;
also, a poem treating of such genealogies; as, the Theogony of
Hesiod.

THEOLOGASTER
The*ol"o*gas`ter, n. Etym: [Formed like poetaster: cf. F.
théologastre.]

Defn: A pretender or quack in theology. [R.] Burton.

THEOLOGER
The*ol"o*ger, n.

Defn: A theologian. Cudworth.

THEOLOGIAN
The`o*lo"gi*an, n. Etym: [Cf. F. théologien, L. theologus, Gr.
Theology.]

Defn: A person well versed in theology; a professor of theology or
divinity; a divine.

THEOLOGIC
The`o*log"ic, a.

Defn: Theological.

THEOLOGICAL
The`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. theologicus, Gr. théologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to theology, or the science of God and of
divine things; as, a theological treatise.
 -- The`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

THEOLOGICS
The`o*log"ics, n.

Defn: Theology. Young.

THEOLOGIST
The*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: A theologian.

THEOLOGIZE
The*ol"o*gize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Theologized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Theologizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. théologiser.]

Defn: To render theological; to apply to divinity; to reduce to a
system of theology.
School divinity was but Aristotle's philosophy theologized. Glanvill.

THEOLOGIZE
The*ol"o*gize, v. i.

Defn: To frame a system of theology; to theorize or speculate upon
theological subjects.

THEOLOGIZER
The*ol"o*gi`zer, n.

Defn: One who theologizes; a theologian. [R.] Boyle.

THEOLOGUE
The"o*logue, n. Etym: [Cf. L. theologus, Gr. philologue.]

1. A theologian. Dryden.
Ye gentle theologues of calmer kind. Young.
He [Jerome] was the theologue -- and the word is designation enough.
I. Taylor.

2. A student in a theological seminary. [Written also theolog.]
[Colloq. U.S.]

THEOLOGY
The*ol"o*gy, n.; pl. Theologies. Etym: [L. theologia, Gr. théologie.
See Theism, and Logic.]

Defn: The science of God or of religion; the science which treats of
the existence, character, and attributes of God, his laws and
government, the doctrines we are to believe, and the duties we are to
practice; divinity; (as more commonly understood) "the knowledge
derivable from the Scriptures, the systematic exhibition of revealed
truth, the science of Christian faith and life."
Many speak of theology as a science of religion [instead of "science
of God"] because they disbelieve that there is any knowledge of God
to be attained. Prof. R. Flint (Enc. Brit.).
Theology is ordered knowledge; representing in the region of the
intellect what religion represents in the heart and life of man.
Gladstone.
Ascetic theology, Natural theology. See Ascetic, Natural.
 -- Moral theology, that phase of theology which is concerned with
moral character and conduct.
 -- Revealed theology, theology which is to be learned only from
revelation.
 -- Scholastic theology, theology as taught by the scholastics, or as
prosecuted after their principles and methods.
 -- Speculative theology, theology as founded upon, or influenced by,
speculation or metaphysical philosophy.
 -- Systematic theology, that branch of theology of which the aim is
to reduce all revealed truth to a series of statements that together
shall constitute an organized whole. E. G. Robinson (Johnson's Cyc.).

THEOMACHIST
The*om"a*chist, n. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

Defn: One who fights against the gods; one who resists God of the
divine will.

THEOMACHY
The*om"a*chy, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A fighting against the gods, as the battle of the gaints with the
gods.

2. A battle or strife among the gods. Gladstone.

3. Opposition to God or the divine will. Bacon.

THEOMANCY
The"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. théomancie, Gr.

Defn: A kind of divination drawn from the responses of oracles among
heathen nations.

THEOPATHETIC; THEOPATHIC
The`o*pa*thet"ic, The`o*path"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a theopathy.

THEOPATHY
The*op"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Capacity for religious affections or worship.

THEOPHANIC
The`o*phan"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a theopany; appearing to man, as a god.

THEOPHANY
The*oph"a*ny, n.; pl. -nies. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A manifestation of God to man by actual appearance, usually as
an incarnation.

THEOPHILANTHROPIC
The`o*phil`an*throp"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to theophilanthropy or the theophilanthropists.

THEOPHILANTHROPISM
The`o*phi*lan"thro*pism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of the theophilanthropists; theophilanthropy.

THEOPHILANTHROPIST
The`o*phi*lan"thro*pist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. théophilanthrope.] (Eccl.
Hist.)

Defn: A member of a deistical society established at Paris during the
French revolution.

THEOPHILANTHROPY
The`o*phi*lan"thro*py, n. Etym: [Gr. philanthropy.]

Defn: Theophilanthropism. Macaulay.

THEOPHILOSOPHIC
The`o*phil`o*soph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. philosophic.]

Defn: Combining theism and philosophy, or pertaining to the
combination of theism and philosophy.

THEOPNEUSTED
The`op*neus"ted, a.

Defn: Divinely inspired; theopneustic. [R.]

THEOPNEUSTIC
The`op*neus"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Given by the inspiration of the Spirit of God.

THEOPNEUSTY
The"op*neus`ty, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Divine inspiration; the supernatural influence of the Divine
Spirit in qualifying men to receive and communicate revealed truth.

THEORBIST
The*or"bist, n. (Mus.)

Defn: One who plays on a theorbo.

THEORBO
The*or"bo, n. Etym: [F. théorbe, téorbe, formerly tuorbe, tiorbe, It.
tiorba.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument made like large lute, but having two necks, with
two sets of pegs, the lower set holding the strings governed by
frets, while to the upper set were attached the long bass strings
used as open notes.

Note: A larger form of theorbo was also called the archlute, and was
used chiefly, if not only, as an accompaniment to the voice. Both
have long fallen into disuse.

THEOREM
The"o*rem, n. Etym: [L. theorema, Gr. théorème. See Theory.]

1. That which is considered and established as a principle; hence,
sometimes, a rule.
Not theories, but theorems (Coleridge.
By the theorems, Which your polite and terser gallants practice, I
re-refine the court, and civilize Their barbarous natures. Massinger.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A statement of a principle to be demonstrated.

Note: A theorem is something to be proved, and is thus distinguished
from a problem, which is something to be solved. In analysis, the
term is sometimes applied to a rule, especially a rule or statement
of relations expressed in a formula or by symbols; as, the binomial
theorem; Taylor's theorem. See the Note under Proposition, n., 5.
Binomial theorem. (Math.) See under Binomial.
 -- Negative theorem, a theorem which expresses the impossibility of
any assertion.
 -- Particular theorem (Math.), a theorem which extends only to a
particular quantity.
 -- Theorem of Pappus. (Math.) See Centrobaric method, under
Centrobaric.
 -- Universal theorem (Math.), a theorem which extends to any
quantity without restriction.

THEOREM
The"o*rem, v. t.

Defn: To formulate into a theorem.

THEOREMATIC; THEOREMATICAL
The`o*re*mat"ic, The`o*re*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a theorem or theorems; comprised in a
theorem; consisting of theorems.

THEOREMATIST
The`o*rem"a*tist, n.

Defn: One who constructs theorems.

THEOREMIC
The`o*rem"ic, a.

Defn: Theorematic. Grew.

THEORETIC; THEORETICAL
The`o*ret"ic, The`o*ret"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. theoreticus, F.
théorétique.]

Defn: Pertaining to theory; depending on, or confined to, theory or
speculation; speculative; terminating in theory or speculation: not
practical; as, theoretical learning; theoretic sciences.
 -- The`o*ret"ic*al*ly, adv.

THEORETICS
The`o*ret"ics, n.

Defn: The speculative part of a science; speculation.
At the very first, with our Lord himself, and his apostles, as
represented to us in the New Testament, morals come before
contemplation, ethics before theoretics. H. B. Wilson.

THEORIC
The*or"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. théorique. See Theory.]

1. Of or pertaining to the theorica.

2. (pron.

Defn: Relating to, or skilled in, theory; theoretically skilled.
[Obs.]
A man but young, Yet old in judgment, theoric and practic In all
humanity. Massinger.

THEORIC
The"o*ric, n. Etym: [OF. theorique; cf. L. theorice.]

Defn: Speculation; theory. [Obs.] Shak.

THEORICA
The*or"i*ca, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Theory.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: Public moneys expended at Athens on festivals, sacrifices, and
public entertainments (especially theatrical performances), and in
gifts to the people; -- also called theoric fund.

THEORICAL
The*or"ic*al, a.

Defn: Theoretic. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

THEORICALLY
The*or"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a theoretic manner. [Obs.]

THEORIST
The"o*rist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. théoriste.]

Defn: One who forms theories; one given to theory and speculation; a
speculatist. Cowper.
The greatest theoretists have given the preference to such a
government as that which obtains in this kingdom. Addison.

THEORIZATION
The`o*ri*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or product of theorizing; the formation of a theory or
theories; speculation.

THEORIZE
The"o*rize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Theorized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Theorizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. théoriser.]

Defn: To form a theory or theories; to form opinions solely by
theory; to speculate.

THEORIZER
The"o*ri`zer, n.

Defn: One who theorizes or speculates; a theorist.

THEORY
The"o*ry, n.; pl. Theories. Etym: [F. théorie, L. theoria, Gr.
Theater.]

1. A doctrine, or scheme of things, which terminates in speculation
or contemplation, without a view to practice; hypothesis;
speculation.

Note: "This word is employed by English writers in a very loose and
improper sense. It is with them usually convertible into hypothesis,
and hypothesis is commonly used as another term for conjecture. The
terms theory and theoretical are properly used in opposition to the
terms practice and practical. In this sense, they were exclusively
employed by the ancients; and in this sense, they are almost
exclusively employed by the Continental philosophers." Sir W.
Hamilton.

2. An exposition of the general or abstract principles of any
science; as, the theory of music.

3. The science, as distinguished from the art; as, the theory and
practice of medicine.

4. The philosophical explanation of phenomena, either physical or
moral; as, Lavoisier's theory of combustion; Adam Smith's theory of
moral sentiments. Atomic theory, Binary theory, etc. See under
Atomic, Binary, etc.

Syn.
 -- Hypothesis, speculation.
 -- Theory, Hypothesis. A theory is a scheme of the relations
subsisting between the parts of a systematic whole; an hypothesis is
a tentative conjecture respecting a cause of phenomena.

THEOSOPH; THEOSOPHER
The"o*soph, The*os"o*pher, n.

Defn: A theosophist.

THEOSOPHIC; THEOSOPHICAL
The`o*soph"ic, The`o*soph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. théosophique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to theosophy.
 -- The`o*soph"ic*al*ly, adv.

THEOSOPHISM
The*os"o*phism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. théosophisme.]

Defn: Belief in theosophy. Murdock.

THEOSOPHIST
The*os"o*phist, n.

Defn: One addicted to theosophy.
The theosophist is one who gives you a theory of God, or of the works
of God, which has not reason, but an inspiration of his own, for its
basis. R. A. Vaughan.

THEOSOPHISTICAL
The*os`o*phis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to theosophy; theosophical.

THEOSOPHIZE
The*os"o*phize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Theosophized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Theosophizing.]

Defn: To practice theosophy. [R.]

THEOSOPHY
The*os"o*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. théosophie.]

Defn: Any system of philosophy or mysticism which proposes to attain
intercourse with God and superior spirits, and consequent superhuman
knowledge, by physical processes, as by the theurgic operations of
some ancient Platonists, or by the chemical processes of the German
fire philosophers; also, a direct, as distinguished from a revealed,
knowledge of God, supposed to be attained by extraordinary
illumination; especially, a direct insight into the processes of the
divine mind, and the interior relations of the divine nature.

THERAPEUTAE
Ther`a*peu"tæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Therapeutic.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A name given to certain ascetics said to have anciently dwelt
in the neighborhood of Alexandria. They are described in a work
attributed to Philo, the genuineness and credibility of which are now
much discredited.

THERAPEUTIC; THERAPEUTICAL
Ther`a*peu"tic, Ther`a*peu"tic*al, a. Etym: [F. thérapeutique, Gr.
(Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the healing art; concerned in discovering
and applying remedies for diseases; curative. "Therapeutic or
curative physic." Sir T. Browne.
Medicine is justly distributed into "prophylactic," or the art of
preserving health, and therapeutic, or the art of restoring it. I.
Watts.

THERAPEUTIC
Ther`a*peu"tic, n.

Defn: One of the Therapeutæ.

THERAPEUTICS
Ther`a*peu"tics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. thérapeutique.]

Defn: That part of medical science which treats of the discovery and
application of remedies for diseases.

THERAPEUTIST
Ther`a*peu"tist, n.

Defn: One versed in therapeutics, or the discovery and application of
remedies.

THERAPY
Ther"a*py, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Therapeutics.

THERE
There, adv. Etym: [OE. ther, AS. th\'d6r; akin to D. daar, G. da,
OHG. dar, Sw. & Dan. der, Icel. & Goth. Þar, Skr. tarhi then, and E.
that. *184. See That, pron.]

1. In or at that place. "[They] there left me and my man, both bound
together." Shak.
The Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the
man whom he had formed. Ge. ii. 8.

Note: In distinction from here, there usually signifies a place
farther off. "Darkness there might well seem twilight here." Milton.

2. In that matter, relation, etc.; at that point, stage, etc.,
regarded as a distinct place; as, he did not stop there, but
continued his speech.
The law that theaten'd death becomes thy friend And turns it to
exile; there art thou happy. Shak.

3. To or into that place; thither.
The rarest that e'er came there. Shak.

Note: There is sometimes used by way of exclamation, calling the
attention to something, especially to something distant; as, there,
there! see there! look there! There is often used as an expletive,
and in this use, when it introduces a sentence or clause, the verb
precedes its subject.
A knight there was, and that a worthy man. Chaucer.
There is a path which no fowl knoweth. Job xxviii. 7.
Wherever there is a sense or perception, there some idea is actually
produced. Locke.
There have been that have delivered themselves from their ills by
their good fortune or virtue. Suckling.

Note: There is much used in composition, and often has the sense of a
pronoun. See Thereabout, Thereafter, Therefrom, etc.

Note: There was formerly used in the sense of where.
Spend their good there it is reasonable. Chaucer.
Here and there, in one place and another.

Syn.
 -- See Thither.

THEREABOUT; THEREABOUTS
There"a*bout`, There"a*bouts`, adv. Etym: [The latter spelling is
less proper, but more commonly used.]

1. Near that place.

2. Near that number, degree, or quantity; nearly; as, ten men, or
thereabouts.
Five or six thousand horse . . . or thereabouts. Shak.
Some three months since, or thereabout. Suckling.

3. Concerning that; about that. [R.]
What will ye dine I will go thereabout. Chaucer.
They were much perplexed thereabout. Luke xxiv. 4.

THEREAFTER
There*af"ter, adv. Etym: [AS. th\'d6ræfter after that. See There, and
After.]

1. After that; afterward.

2. According to that; accordingly.
I deny not but that it is of greatest concernment in the church and
commonwealth to have a vigilant eye how books demean themselves as
well as men; and thereafter to confine, imprison, and do sharpest
justice on them as malefactors. Milton.

3. Of that sort. [Obs.] "My audience is not thereafter." Latimer.

THEREAGAIN
There"a*gain`, adv.

Defn: In opposition; against one's course. [Obs.]
If that him list to stand thereagain. Chaucer.

THERE-ANENT
There"-a*nent`, adv.

Defn: Concerning that. [Scot.]

THEREAT
There*at", adv.

1. At that place; there.
Wide is the gate, and broad is the way, that leadeth to destruction,
and many there be which go in thereat. Matt. vii. 13.

2. At that occurrence or event; on that account.
Every error is a stain to the beauty of nature; for which cause it
blusheth thereat. Hooker.

THEREBEFORE; THEREBIFORN
There`be*fore", There`bi*forn", adv.

Defn: Before that time; beforehand. [Obs.]
Many a winter therebiforn. Chaucer.

THEREBY
There*by", adv.

1. By that; by that means; in consequence of that.
Acquaint now thyself with him, and be at peace; thereby good shall
come unto thee. Job xxii. 21.

2. Annexed to that. "Thereby hangs a tale." Shak.

3. Thereabout; -- said of place, number, etc. Chaucer.

THEREFOR
There*for", adv. Etym: [There + for. Cf. Therefore.]

Defn: For that, or this; for it.
With certain officers ordained therefore. Chaucer.

THEREFORE
There"fore, conj. & adv. Etym: [OE. therfore. See There, and Fore,
adv., For, and cf. Therefor.]

1. For that or this reason, referring to something previously stated;
for that.
I have married a wife, and therefore I can not come. Luke xiv. 20.
Behold, we have forsaken all, and followed thee; what shall we have
therefore Matt. xix. 27.

2. Consequently; by consequence.
He blushes; therefore he is guilty. Spectator.

Syn.
 -- See Then.

THEREFROM
There*from", adv.

Defn: From this or that.
Turn not aside therefrom to the right hand or to the left. John.
xxiii. 6.

THEREIN
There*in", adv.

Defn: In that or this place, time, or thing; in that particular or
respect. Wyclif.
He pricketh through a fair forest, Therein is many a wild beast.
Chaucer.
Bring forth abundantly in the earth, and multiply therein. Gen. ix.
7.
Therein our letters do not well agree. Shak.

THEREINTO
There`in*to", adv.

Defn: Into that or this, or into that place. Bacon.
Let not them . . . enter thereinto. Luke xxi. 21.

THEREOF
There*of", adv.

Defn: Of that or this.
In the day that thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die. Gen. ii.
17.

THEREOLOGY
The`re*ol"o*gy, n.

Defn: Therapeutios.

THEREON
There*on", adv. Etym: [AS. . See There, and On.]

Defn: On that or this. Chaucer.
Then the king said, Hang him thereon. Esther vii. 9.

THEREOUT
There*out", adv.

1. Out of that or this.
He shall take thereout his handful of the flour. Lev. ii. 2.

2. On the outside; out of doors. [Obs.] Chaucer.

THERETO
There*to", adv.

1. To that or this. Chaucer.

2. Besides; moreover. [Obs.] Spenser.
Her mouth full small, and thereto soft and red. Chaucer.

THERETOFORE
There`to*fore", adv.

Defn: Up to that time; before then; -- correlative with heretofore.

THEREUNDER
There*un"der, adv.

Defn: Under that or this.

THEREUNTO
There`un*to", adv.

Defn: Unto that or this; thereto; besides. Shak.

THEREUPON
There`up*on", adv.

1. Upon that or this; thereon. "They shall feed thereupon." Zeph. ii.
7.

2. On account, or in consequence, of that; therefore.
[He] hopes to find you forward, . . . And thereupon he sends you this
good news. Shak.

3. Immediately; at once; without delay.

THEREWHILE
There*while", adv.

Defn: At that time; at the same time. [Obs.] Laud.

THEREWITH
There*with", adv.

1. With that or this. "I have learned in whatsoever state I am,
therewith to be content." Phil. iv. 11.

2. In addition; besides; moreover.
To speak of strength and therewith hardiness. Chaucer.

3. At the same time; forthwith. [Obs.] Johnson.

THEREWITHAL
There`with*al", adv.

1. Over and above; besides; moreover. [Obs.] Daniel.
And therewithal it was full poor and bad. Chaucer.

2. With that or this; therewith; at the same time.
Thy slanders I forgive; and therewithal Remit thy other forfeits.
Shak.
And therewithal one came and seized on her, And Enid started waking.
Tennyson.

THERF
Therf, a. Etym: [AS. ; akin to OHG. derb, Icel. .]

Defn: Not fermented; unleavened; -- said of bread, loaves, etc.
[Obs.]
Pask and the feast of therf loaves. Wyclif.

THERIAC; THERIACA
The"ri*ac, The*ri"a*ca, n. Etym: [L. theriaca an antidote against the
bite of serpents, Gr. thériaque. See Treacle.]

1. (Old Med.)

Defn: An ancient composition esteemed efficacious against the effects
of poison; especially, a certain compound of sixty-four drugs,
prepared, pulverized, and reduced by means of honey to an electuary;
-- called also theriaca Andromachi, and Venice treacle.

2. Treacle; molasses. British Pharm.

THERIAC; THERIACAL
The"ri*ac, The*ri"a*cal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. thériacal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to theriac; medicinal. "Theriacal herbs."
Bacon.

THERIAL
The"ri*al, a.

Defn: Theriac. [R.] Holland.

THERIODONT
The"ri*o*dont, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: One of the Theriodontia. Used also adjectively.

THERIODONTA
The`ri*o*don"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Same as Theriodontia.

THERIODONTIA
The`ri*o*don"ti*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct order of reptiles found in the Permian and Triassic
formations in South Africa. In some respects they resembled
carnivorous mammals. Called also Theromorpha.

Note: They had biconcave vertebræ, ambulatory limbs, and a well-
developed pelvis and shoulder girdle. Some of the species had large
maxillary teeth. The head somewhat resembled that of a turtle. The
Dicynodont is one of the best-known examples. See Dicynodont.

THERIOTOMY
The`ri*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Zoötomy.

THERMAE
Ther"mæ, n. pl. Etym: [L. See Thermal.]

Defn: Springs or baths of warm or hot water.

THERMAL
Ther"mal, a. Etym: [L. thermae hot springs, fr. Gr. formus warm, and
E. forceps.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to heat; warm; hot; as, the thermal unit;
thermal waters.
The thermal condition of the earth. J. D. Forbes.
Thermal conductivity, Thermal spectrum. See under Conductivity, and
Spectrum.
 -- Thermal unit (Physics), a unit chosen for the comparison or
calculation of quantities of heat. The unit most commonly employed is
the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram or
one pound of water from zero to one degree Centigrade. See Calorie,
and under Unit.

THERMALLY
Ther"mal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a thermal manner.

THERMANTIDOTE
Ther*man"ti*dote, n. [Gr.   heat + E. antidote.]

Defn: A device for circulating and cooling the air, consisting
essentially of a kind of roasting fan fitted in a window and incased
in wet tatties. [India]

Will you bring me to book on the mountains, or where the
thermantidotes play
Kipling.

THERMETOGRAPH
Ther*met"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: A self-registering thermometer, especially one that registers
the maximum and minimum during long periods. Nichol.

THERMIC
Ther"mic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to heat; due to heat; thermal; as, thermic
lines. Thermic balance. See Bolometer.
 -- Thermic fever (Med.), the condition of fever produced by
sunstroke. See Sunstroke.
 -- Thermic weight. (Mech.) Same as Heat weight, under Heat.

THERMIDOR
Ther`mi`dor", n. Etym: [F., fr. Gr.

Defn: The eleventh month of the French republican calendar, --
commencing July 19, and ending August 17. See the Note under
Vendémiaire.

THERMIFUGINE
Ther*mif"u*gine, n. Etym: [Gr. fugere to flee.] (Chem.)

Defn: An artificial alkaloid of complex composition, resembling
thalline and used as an antipyretic, -- whence its name.

THERMO-
Ther"mo-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. qe`rmh heat, qermo`s hot, warm; as in
thermochemistry, thermodynamic.

THERMOANAESTHESIA; THERMOANESTHESIA
Ther`mo*an`æs*the"si*a or -an`es*the"si*a, n. [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Loss of power to distinguish heat or cold by touch.

THERMOBAROGRAPH
Ther`mo*bar"o*graph, n. (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for recording simultaneously the pressure and
temperature of a gas; a combined thermograph and barograph.

THERMOBAROMETER
Ther`mo*ba*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Thermo- + barometer.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for determining altitudes by the boiling point of
water.

THERMOBATTERY
Ther`mo*bat"ter*y, n. Etym: [Thermo- + battery.]

Defn: A thermoelectric battery; a thermopile.

THERMOCAUTERY
Ther`mo*cau"ter*y, n. Etym: [Thermo- + cautery.] (Surg.)

Defn: Cautery by the application of heat. Paquelin's thermocautery,
thermocautery by means of a hollow platinum point, which is kept
constantly hot by the passage through it of benzine vapor.

THERMOCHEMIC; THERMOCHEMICAL
Ther`mo*chem"ic, Ther`mo*chem"ic*al, a. (Chem. Physics)

Defn: Of or pertaining to thermochemistry; obtained by, or employed
in, thermochemistry.

THERMOCHEMISTRY
Ther`mo*chem"is*try, n. Etym: [Thermo- + chemistry.]

Defn: That branch of chemical science which includes the
investigation of the various relations existing between chemical
action and that manifestation of force termed heat, or the
determination of the heat evolved by, or employed in, chemical
actions.

THERMOCHROIC
Ther`mo*chro"ic, a.  [Thermo-+ Gr. , , color.]

Defn: Pert. to or designating heat rays that have undergone selective
absorption and are therefore analogous to colored light rays.

THERMOCHROSY
Ther*moch"ro*sy, n. Etym: [Thermo- + Gr. (Physics)

Defn: The property possessed by heat of being composed, like light,
of rays of different degrees of refrangibility, which are unequal in
rate or degree of transmission through diathermic substances.

THERMOCOUPLE
Ther"mo*cou`ple, n.

Defn: A thermoelectric couple.

THERMOCURRENT
Ther"mo*cur`rent, n. Etym: [Thermo- + current.] (Physics)

Defn: A current, as of electricity, developed, or set in motion, by
the action of heat.

THERMODIN
Ther"mo*din, n. [G., fr. Gr.  heat.] (Pharm.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance derived from urethane, used in
medicine as an antipyretic, etc.

THERMODYNAMIC
Ther`mo*dy*nam"ic, a. Etym: [Thermo- + dynamic.] (Physics)

Defn: Relating to thermodynamics; caused or operated by force due to
the application of heat. Thermodynamic function. See Heat weight,
under Heat.

THERMODYNAMICS
Ther`mo*dy*nam"ics, n.

Defn: The science which treats of the mechanical action or relations
of heat.

THERMOELECTRIC
Ther`mo*e*lec"tric, a. (Physics)

Defn: Pertaining to thermoelectricity; as, thermoelectric currents.

THERMOELECTRIC COUPLE; THERMOELECTRIC PAIR
Ther`mo*e*lec"tric couple or pair. (Elec.)

Defn: A union of two conductors, as bars or wires of dissimilar
metals joined at their extremities, for producing a thermoelectric
current.

THERMOELECTRICITY
Ther`mo*e`lec*tric"i*ty, n. Etym: [Thermo- + electricity: cf. F.
thermoélectricité.] (Physics)

Defn: Electricity developed in the action of heat. See the Note under
Electricity.

THERMOELECTROMETER
Ther`mo*e`lec*trom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Thermo- + electrometer.]
(Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the strength of an electric current
in the heat which it produces, or for determining the heat developed
by such a current.

THERMOGEN
Ther"mo*gen, n. Etym: [Thermo- + -gen.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: Caloric; heat; regarded as a material but imponderable
substance.

THERMOGENIC
Ther`mo*gen"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Relating to heat, or to the production of heat; producing heat;
thermogenous; as, the thermogenic tissues.

THERMOGENOUS
Ther*mog"e*nous, a. Etym: [Thermo- + -genous.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Producing heat; thermogenic.

THERMOGRAM
Ther"mo*gram, n. (Physics)

Defn: The trace or record made by means of a thermograph.

THERMOGRAPH
Ther"mo*graph, n. Etym: [Thermo- + -graph.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for automatically recording indications of the
variation of temperature.

THERMOGRAPHY
Ther*mog"ra*phy, n.  [Thermo-+ -graphy.]

Defn: Any process of writing involving the use of heat.

THERMOJUNCTION
Ther`mo*junc"tion, n. (Elec.)

Defn: A junction of two dissimilar conductors used to produce a
thermoelectric current, as in one form of pyrometer; a thermocouple.

THERMOLOGY
Ther*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Thermo- + -logy.]

Defn: A discourse on, or an account of, heat. Whewell.

THERMOLUMINESCENCE
Ther`mo*lu`mi*nes"cence, n. (Physics)

Defn: Luminescence exhibited by a substance on being moderately
heated. It is shown esp. by certain substances that have been exposed
to the action of light or to the cathode rays. ---lu`mi*nes"cent (#),
a.

THERMOLYSIS
Ther*mol"y*sis, n. Etym: [Thermo- + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: The resolution of a compound into parts by heat; dissociation
by heat.

THERMOLYTIC
Ther`mo*lyt"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to thermolysis.

THERMOLYZE
Ther"mo*lyze, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To subject to thermolysis; to dissociate by heat.

THERMOMAGNETISM
Ther`mo*mag"net*ism, n. Etym: [Thermo- + magnetism.]

Defn: Magnetism as affected or caused by the action of heat; the
relation of heat to magnetism.

THERMOMETER
Ther*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Thermo- + -meter: cf. F. thermomètre. See
Thermal.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring temperature, founded on the
principle that changes of temperature in bodies are accompained by
proportional changes in their volumes or dimensions.

Note: The thermometer usually consists of a glass tube of capillary
bore, terminating in a bulb, and containing mercury or alcohol, which
expanding or contracting according to the temperature to which it is
exposed, indicates the degree of heat or cold by the amount of space
occupied, as shown by the position of the top of the liquid column on
a graduated scale. See Centigrade, Fahrenheit, and Réaumur. To reduce
degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Centigrade, substract 32° and multiply
by Air thermometer, Balance thermometer, etc. See under Air, Balance,
etc.
 -- Metallic thermometer, a form of thermometer indicating changes of
temperature by the expansion or contraction of rods or strips of
metal.
 -- Register thermometer, or Self-registering thermometer, a
thermometer that registers the maximum and minimum of temperature
occurring in the interval of time between two consecutive settings of
the instrument. A common form contains a bit of steel wire to be
pushed before the column and left at the point of maximum
temperature, or a slide of enamel, which is drawn back by the liquid,
and left within it at the point of minimum temperature.

THERMOMETRIC; THERMOMETRICAL
Ther`mo*met"ric, Ther`mo*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F.
thermométrique.]

1. Of or pertaining to a thermometer; as, the thermometrical scale or
tube.

2. Made, or ascertained, by means of a thermometer; as,
thermometrical observations.

THERMOMETRICALLY
Ther`mo*met"ric*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a thermometrical manner; by means of a thermometer.

THERMOMETROGRAPH
Ther`mo*met"ro*graph, n. Etym: [Thermo- + Gr. -graph.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for recording graphically the variations of
temperature, or the indications of a thermometer.

THERMOMETRY
Ther*mom"e*try, n.

Defn: The estimation of temperature by the use of a thermometric
apparatus.

THERMOMOTOR
Ther`mo*mo"tor, n.

Defn: A heat engine; a hot-air engine.

THERMOMULTIPLIER
Ther`mo*mul"ti*pli`er, n. Etym: [Thermo- + multiplier.]

Defn: Same as Thermopile.

THERMONEUROSIS
Ther`mo*neu*ro"sis, n. [NL.] (Med.)
 (a) A neurosis caused by exposure to heat.
 (b) A neurosis causing rise or fall of a body's temperature.

THERMONEUTRALITY
Ther`mo*neu*tral"i*ty, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Neutrality as regards heat effects.

THERMOPHILIC
Ther`mo*phil"ic, a.  [Thermo-+ Gr.  loving + -ic.]

Defn: Heat-loving; -- applied esp. to certain bacteria.

THERMOPHONE
Ther"mo*phone, n.  [Thermo- + phone.]

1. A portable form of telethermometer, using a telephone in
connection with a differential thermometer.

2.  A telephone involving heat effects, as changes in temperature
(hence in length) due to pulsations of the line current in a fine
wire connected with the receiver diaphragm.

THERMOPHORE
Ther"mo*phore, n.  [Thermo- + Gr.  -bearing, fr.  to bear.]

Defn: An apparatus for conveying heat, as a case containing material
which retains its heat for a considerable period.

THERMOPILE
Ther"mo*pile, n. Etym: [Thermo- + pile a heap.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument of extreme sensibility, used to determine slight
differences and degrees of heat. It is composed of alternate bars of
antimony and bismuth, or any two metals having different capacities
for the conduction of heat, connected with an astatic galvanometer,
which is very sensibly affected by the electric current induced in
the system of bars when exposed even to the feeblest degrees of heat.

THERMOREGULATOR
Ther`mo*reg"u*la`tor, n. (Physics)

Defn: A device for the automatic regulation of temperature; a
thermostat.

THERMOSCOPE
Ther"mo*scope, n. Etym: [Thermo- + -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for indicating changes of temperature without
indicating the degree of heat by which it is affected; especially, an
instrument contrived by Count Rumford which, as modified by Professor
Leslie, was afterward called the differential thermometer.

THERMOSCOPIC
Ther`mo*scop"ic, a. (Physics)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the thermoscope; made by means of the
thermoscope; as, thermoscopic observations.

THERMOSIPHON
Ther`mo*si"phon, n.

Defn: An arrangement of siphon tubes for assisting circulation in a
liquid.

THERMOSTABLE
Ther`mo*sta"ble, a.  [Thermo-+ stable fixed.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Capable of being heated to or somewhat above 55º C. without
loss of special properties; -- said of immune substances, etc.

THERMOSTAT
Ther"mo*stat, n. Etym: [Thermo- + Gr. (Physics)

Defn: A self-acting apparatus for regulating temperature by the
unequal expansion of different metals, liquids, or gases by heat, as
in opening or closing the damper of a stove, or the like, as the heat
becomes greater or less than is desired.

THERMOSTATIC
Ther`mo*stat"ic, a. (Physics)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the thermostat; made or effected by means
of the thermostat.

THERMOSYSTALTIC
Ther`mo*sys*tal"tic, a. Etym: [Thermo- + systalic.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Influenced in its contraction by heat or cold; -- said of a
muscle.

THERMOTACTIC
Ther`mo*tac"tic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or retaining to thermotaxis.

THERMOTANK
Ther"mo*tank, n.  [Thermo- + ank.]

Defn: A tank containing pipes through which circulates steam, water,
air, or the like, for heating or cooling; -- used in some heating and
ventilation systems.

THERMOTAXIC
Ther`mo*tax"ic, a. Etym: [Thermo- + Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or connected with, the regulation of temperature
in the animal body; as, the thermotaxic nervous system.

THERMOTAXIS
Ther`mo*tax"is, n. [NL.; thermo-+ Gr.  an arranging.] (Physiol.)
 (a) The property possessed by protoplasm of moving under the
influence of heat.
 (b) Determination of the direction of locomotion by heat.

THERMOTENSILE
Ther`mo*ten"sile, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the variation of tensile strength with the
temperature.

THERMOTENSION
Ther`mo*ten"sion, n. Etym: [Thermo- + tension.]

Defn: A process of increasing the strength of wrought iron by heating
it to a determinate temperature, and giving to it, while in that
state, a mechanical strain or tension in the direction in which the
strength is afterward to be exerted.

THERMOTHERAPY
Ther`mo*ther"a*py, n.  [Thermo-+ therapy.] (Med.)

Defn: Treatment of disease by heat, esp. by hot air.

THERMOTIC; THERMOTICAL
Ther*mot"ic, Ther*mot"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to heat; produced by heat; as, thermotical
phenomena. Whewell.

THERMOTICS
Ther*mot"ics, n.

Defn: The science of heat. Whewell.

THERMOTONUS
Ther*mot"o*nus, n. [NL.; thermo-+ tonus.] (Plant Physiol.)

Defn: A condition of tonicity with respect to temperature.

THERMOTROPIC
Ther`mo*trop"ic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Manifesting thermotropism.

THERMOTROPISM
Ther*mot"ro*pism, n. Etym: [Thermo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The phenomenon of turning towards a source of warmth, seen in
the growing parts of some plants.

THERMOTYPE
Ther"mo*type, n. Etym: [Thermo- + -type.]

Defn: A picture (as of a slice of wood) obtained by first wetting the
object slightly with hydrochloric or dilute sulphuric acid, then
taking an impression with a press, and next strongly heating this
impression.

THERMOTYPY
Ther*mot"y*py, n.

Defn: The art or process of obtaining thermotypes.

THERMOVOLTAIC
Ther`mo*vol*ta"ic, a. Etym: [Thermo- + voltaic.] (Physics)

Defn: Of or relating to heat and electricity; especially, relating to
thermal effects produced by voltaic action. Faraday.

THEROID
The"roid, a. [Gr. qh`r, qhro`s, wild beast + -oid.] (Med.)

Defn: Resembling a beast in nature or habit; marked by animal
characteristics; as, theroid idiocy.

THEROMORPHA
The`ro*mor"pha, n. pl. Etym: [NL.: Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: See Theriodonta.

THEROPODA
The*rop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An order of carnivorous dinosaurs in which the feet are less
birdlike, and hence more like those of an ordinary quadruped, than in
the Ornithopoda. It includes the repacious genera Megalosaurus,
Creosaurus, and their allies.

THESAURUS
The*sau"rus, n.; pl. Thesauri. Etym: [L. See Treasure.]

Defn: A treasury or storehouse; hence, a repository, especially of
knowledge; -- often applied to a comprehensive work, like a
dictionary or cyclopedia.

THESE
These, pron. Etym: [OE. , , a variant of , pl. of , thes, this. See
This, and cf. Those.]

Defn: The plural of this. See This.

THESICLE
Thes"i*cle, n. Etym: [Dim. of thesis.]

Defn: A little or subordinate thesis; a proposition.

THESIS
The"sis, n.; pl. Theses. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Do, and cf. Anathema,
Apothecary, Epithet, Hypothesis, Parenthesis, Theme, Tick a cover.]

1. A position or proposition which a person advances and offers to
maintain, or which is actually maintained by argument.

2. Hence, an essay or dissertation written upon specific or definite
theme; especially, an essay presented by a candidate for a diploma or
degree.
I told them of the grave, becoming, and sublime deportment they
should assume upon this mystical occasion, and read them two homilies
and a thesis of my own composing, to prepare them. Goldsmith.

3. (Logic)

Defn: An affirmation, or distinction from a supposition or
hypothesis.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: The accented part of the measure, expressed by the downward
beat; -- the opposite of arsis.

5. (Pros.)
(a) The depression of the voice in pronouncing the syllables of a
word.
(b) The part of the foot upon which such a depression falls.

THESMOTHETE
Thes"mo*thete, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A lawgiver; a legislator; one of the six junior archons at
Athens.

THESPIAN
Thes"pi*an, a. Etym: [From L. Thespis, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Thespis; hence, relating to the drama;
dramatic; as, the Thespian art.
 -- n.

Defn: An actor.

THESSALIAN
Thes*sa"li*an, a. Etym: [Cf. L. Thessalius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Thessaly in Greece. Shak.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Thessaly.

THESSALONIAN
Thes`sa*lo"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Thessalonica, a city of Macedonia.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Thessalonica.

THETA
The"ta, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. qh	a, the Greek letter th,

Defn: A letter of the Greek alphabet corresponding to th in English;
-- sometimes called the unlucky letter, from being used by the judges
on their ballots in passing condemnation on a prisoner, it being the
first letter of the Greek qa`natos, death. Theta function (Math.),
one of a group of functions used in developing the properties of
elliptic functions.

THETICAL
Thet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Thesis.]

Defn: Laid down; absolute or positive, as a law. Dr. H. More.

THETINE
The"tine, n. Etym: [Thio + ether + sulphine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of complex basic sulphur compounds
analogous to the sulphines.

THEURGIC; THEURGICAL
The*ur"gic, The*ur"gic*al, a. Etym: [L. theurgicus, Gr. théurgique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to theurgy; magical. Theurgic hymns, songs of
incantation.

THEURGIST
The"ur*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. théurgiste.]

Defn: One who pretends to, or is addicted to, theurgy. Hallywell.

THEURGY
The"ur*gy, n. Etym: [L. theurgia, Gr. théurgie. See Theism, and
Work.]

1. A divine work; a miracle; hence, magic; sorcery.

2. A kind of magical science or art developed in Alexandria among the
Neoplatonists, and supposed to enable man to influence the will of
the gods by means of purification and other sacramental rites.
Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

3. In later or modern magic, that species of magic in which effects
are claimed to be produced by supernatural agency, in distinction
from natural magic.

THEW
Thew, n.

Note: [Chiefly used in the plural Thews (.] Etym: [OE. thew, ,
manner, habit, strength, AS. manner, habit (cf. to drive); akin to
OS. thau custom, habit, OHG. dou. *56.]

1. Manner; custom; habit; form of behavior; qualities of mind;
disposition; specifically, good qualities; virtues. [Obs.]
For her great light Of sapience, and for her thews clear. Chaucer.
Evil speeches destroy good thews. Wyclif (1 Cor. xv. 33).
To be upbrought in gentle thews and martial might. Spenser.

2. Muscle or strength; nerve; brawn; sinew. Shak.
And I myself, who sat apart And watched them, waxed in every limb; I
felt the thews of Anakim, The pules of a Titan's heart. Tennyson.

THEWED
Thewed, a.

1. Furnished with thews or muscles; as, a well-thewed limb.

2. Accustomed; mannered. [Obs.] John Skelton.
Yet would not seem so rude and thewed ill. Spenser.

THEWY
Thew"y, a.

Defn: Having strong or large thews or muscles; muscular; sinewy;
strong.

THEY
They, pron. pl.; poss. Theirs; obj. Them. Etym: [Icel. þeir they,
properly nom. pl. masc. of sa, su, þat, a demonstrative pronoun, akin
to the English definite article, AS. se, seó, edhæt, nom. pl. edha.
See That.]

Defn: The plural of he, she, or it. They is never used adjectively,
but always as a pronoun proper, and sometimes refers to persons
without an antecedent expressed.
Jolif and glad they went unto here [their] rest And casten hem [them]
full early for to sail. Chaucer.
They of Italy salute you. Heb. xiii. 24.
Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness.
Matt. v. 6.

Note: They is used indefinitely, as our ancestors used man, and as
the French use on; as, they say (French on dit), that is, it is said
by persons not specified.

THIALDINE
Thi*al"dine, n. Etym: [Thio- + aldehyde + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A weak nitrogenous sulphur base, C6H13NS2.

THIALOL
Thi"al*ol, n. Etym: [Thio- + alcohol + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless oily liquid, (C2H5)2S2, having a strong garlic
odor; -- called also ethyl disulphide. By extension, any one of the
series of related compounds.

THIBETAN
Thib"e*tan, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Thibet.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Thibet.

THIBET CLOTH
Thib"et cloth`.
(a) A fabric made of coarse goat's hair; a kind of camlet.
(b) A kind of fine woolen cloth, used for dresses, cloaks, etc.

THIBETIAN
Thi*be"tian, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Thibetan.

THIBLE
Thi"ble, n.

Defn: A slice; a skimmer; a spatula; a pudding stick. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.] Ainsworth.

THICK
Thick, a. [Compar. Thicker; superl. Thickest.] Etym: [OE. thicke, AS.
; akin to D. dik, OS. thikki, OHG. dicchi thick, dense, G. dick
thick, Icel. , , and probably to Gael. & Ir. tiugh. Cf. Tight.]

1. Measuring in the third dimension other than length and breadth, or
in general dimension other than length; -- said of a solid body; as,
a timber seven inches thick.
Were it as thick as is a branched oak. Chaucer.
My little finger shall be thicker than my father's loins. 1 Kings
xii. 10.

2. Having more depth or extent from one surface to its opposite than
usual; not thin or slender; as, a thick plank; thick cloth; thick
paper; thick neck.

3. Dense; not thin; inspissated; as, thick vapors. Also used
figuratively; as, thick darkness.
Make the gruel thick and slab. Shak.

4. Not transparent or clear; hence, turbid, muddy, or misty; as, the
water of a river is apt to be thick after a rain. "In a thick, misty
day." Sir W. Scott.

5. Abundant, close, or crowded in space; closely set; following in
quick succession; frequently recurring.
The people were gathered thick together. Luke xi. 29.
Black was the forest; thick with beech it stood. Dryden.

6. Not having due distinction of syllables, or good articulation;
indistinct; as, a thick utterance.

7. Deep; profound; as, thick sleep. [R.] Shak.

8. Dull; not quick; as, thick of fearing. Shak.
His dimensions to any thick sight were invincible. Shak.

9. Intimate; very friendly; familiar. [Colloq.]
We have been thick ever since. T. Hughes.

Note: Thick is often used in the formation of compounds, most of
which are self-explaining; as, thick-barred, thick-bodied, thick-
coming, thick-cut, thick-flying, thick-growing, thick-leaved, thick-
lipped, thick-necked, thick-planted, thick-ribbed, thick-shelled,
thick-woven, and the like. Thick register. (Phon.) See the Note under
Register, n., 7.
 -- Thick stuff (Naut.), all plank that is more than four inches
thick and less than twelve. J. Knowles.

Syn.
 -- Dense; close; compact; solid; gross; coarse.

THICK
Thick, n.

1. The thickest part, or the time when anything is thickest.
In the thick of the dust and smoke. Knolles.

2. A thicket; as, gloomy thicks. [Obs.] Drayton.
Through the thick they heard one rudely rush. Spenser.
He through a little window cast his sight Through thick of bars, that
gave a scanty light. Dryden.
Thick-and-thin block (Naut.), a fiddle block. See under Fiddle.
 -- Through thick and thin, through all obstacles and difficulties,
both great and small.
Through thick and thin she followed him. Hudibras.
He became the panegyrist, through thick and thin, of a military
frenzy. Coleridge.

THICK
Thick, adv. Etym: [AS. þicce.]

1. Frequently; fast; quick.

2. Closely; as, a plat of ground thick sown.

3. To a great depth, or to a greater depth than usual; as, land
covered thick with manure. Thick and threefold, in quick succession,
or in great numbers. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

THICK
Thick, v. t. & i. Etym: [Cf. AS. .]

Defn: To thicken. [R.]
The nightmare Life-in-death was she, Who thicks man's blood with
cold. Coleridge.

THICKBILL
Thick"bill`, n.

Defn: The bullfinch. [Prov. Eng.]

THICKEN
Thick"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thickened; p. pr. & vb. n. Thickening.]

Defn: To make thick (in any sense of the word). Specifically: --
(a) To render dense; to inspissate; as, to thicken paint.
(b) To make close; to fill up interstices in; as, to thicken cloth;
to thicken ranks of trees or men.
(c) To strengthen; to confirm. [Obs.]
And this may to thicken other proofs. Shak.

(d) To make more frequent; as, to thicken blows.

THICKEN
Thick"en, v. i.

Defn: To become thick. "Thy luster thickens when he shines by." Shak.
The press of people thickens to the court. Dryden.
The combat thickens, like the storm that flies. Dryden.

THICKENING
Thick"en*ing, n.

Defn: Something put into a liquid or mass to make it thicker.

THICKET
Thick"et, n. Etym: [AS. . See Thick, a.]

Defn: A wood or a collection of trees, shrubs, etc., closely set; as,
a ram caught in a thicket. Gen. xxii. 13.

THICKHEAD
Thick"head`, n.

1. A thick-headed or stupid person. [Colloq.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of Australian singing birds of the
genus Pachycephala. The males of some of the species are bright-
colored. Some of the species are popularly called thrushes.

THICK-HEADED
Thick"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a thick skull; stupid.

THICKISH
Thick"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat thick.

THICK-KNEE
Thick"-knee`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stone curlew. See under Stone.

THICKLY
Thick"ly, adv.

Defn: In a thick manner; deeply; closely.

THICKNESS
Thick"ness, n. Etym: [AS. .]

Defn: The quality or state of being thick (in any of the senses of
the adjective).

THICKSET
Thick"set`, a.

1. Close planted; as, a thickset wood; a thickset hedge. Dryden.

2. Having a short, thick body; stout.

THICKSET
Thick"set`, n.

1. A close or thick hedge.

2. A stout, twilled cotton cloth; a fustian corduroy, or velveteen.
McElrath.

THICKSKIN
Thick"skin`, n.

Defn: A coarse, gross person; a person void of sensibility or
sinsitiveness; a dullard.

THICK-SKINNED
Thick"-skinned`, a.

Defn: Having a thick skin; hence, not sensitive; dull; obtuse.
Holland.

THICKSKULL
Thick"skull`, n.

Defn: A dullard, or dull person; a blockhead; a numskull. Entick.

THICK-SKULLED
Thick"-skulled`, a.

Defn: Having a thick skull; hence, dull; heavy; stupid; slow to
learn.

THICK WIND
Thick" wind`. (Far.)

Defn: A defect of respiration in a horse, that is unassociated with
noise in breathing or with the signs of emphysema.

THICK-WINDED
Thick"-wind`ed, a. (Far.)

Defn: Affected with thick wind.

THIDER
Thid"er, adv.

Defn: Thither. [Obs.] Chaucer.

THIDERWARD
Thid"er*ward, adv.

Defn: Thitherward. [Obs.]

THIEF
Thief, n.; pl. Thieves. Etym: [OE. thef, theef, AS. ; akin to OFries.
thiaf, OS. theof, thiof, D. dief, G. dieb, OHG. diob, Icel. , Sw.
tjuf, Dan. tyv, Goth. , , and perhaps to Lith. tupeti to squat or
crouch down. Cf. Theft.]

1. One who steals; one who commits theft or larceny. See Theft.
There came a privy thief, men clepeth death. Chaucer.
Where thieves break through and steal. Matt. vi. 19.

2. A waster in the snuff of a candle. Bp. Hall. Thief catcher. Same
as Thief taker.
 -- Thief leader, one who leads or takes away a thief. L'Estrange.
 -- Thief taker, one whose business is to find and capture thieves
and bring them to justice.
 -- Thief tube, a tube for withdrawing a sample of a liquid from a
cask.
 -- Thieves' vinegar, a kind of aromatic vinegar for the sick room,
taking its name from the story that thieves, by using it, were
enabled to plunder, with impunity to health, in the great plague at
London. [Eng.]

Syn.
 -- Robber; pilferer.
 -- Thief, Robber. A thief takes our property by stealth; a robber
attacks us openly, and strips us by main force.
Take heed, have open eye, for thieves do foot by night. Shak.
Some roving robber calling to his fellows. Milton.

THIEFLY
Thief"ly, a. & adv.

Defn: Like a thief; thievish; thievishly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

THIENONE
Thi"ë*none, n. Etym: [Thiënyl + ketone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A ketone derivative of thiophene obtained as a white
crystalline substance, (C4H3S)2.CO, by the action of aluminium
chloride and carbonyl chloride on thiophene.

THIENYL
Thi"ë*nyl, n. Etym: [Thiophene + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical C4H3S, regarded as the essential
residue of thiophene and certain of its derivatives.

THIEVE
Thieve, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Thieved; p. pr. & vb. n. Thieving.]
Etym: [AS. ge.]

Defn: To practice theft; to steal.

THIEVERY
Thiev"er*y, n.

1. The practice of stealing; theft; thievishness.
Among the Spartans, thievery was a practice morally good and honest.
South.

2. That which is stolen. [Obs.] Shak.

THIEVISH
Thiev"ish, a.

1. Given to stealing; addicted to theft; as, a thievish boy, a
thievish magpie.

2. Like a thief; acting by stealth; sly; secret.
Time's thievish progress to eternity. Shak.

3. Partaking of the nature of theft; accomplished by stealing;
dishonest; as, a thievish practice.
Or with a base and biosterous sword enforce A thievish living on the
common road. Shak.
-- Thiev"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Thiev"ish*ness, n.

THIGH
Thigh, n. Etym: [OE. thi, , , AS. ; akin to OFries. thiach, D. dij,
dije, OHG. dioh, thioh, Icel. thigh, rump, and probably to Lith.
taukas fat of animals, tuk to become fat, Russ. tuke fat of animals.
*56.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The proximal segment of the hind limb between the knee and the
trunk. See Femur.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The coxa, or femur, of an insect. Thigh bone (Anat.), the
femur.

THIGMOTACTIC
Thig`mo*tac"tic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to thigmotaxis.

THIGMOTAXIS
Thig`mo*tax"is, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  touch +  an arranging.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The property possessed by living protoplasm of contracting, and
thus moving, when touched by a solid or fluid substance.

 When the movement is away from the touching body, it is negative
thigmotaxis; when towards it, positive thigmotaxis.

THILK
Thilk, pron. Etym: [Cf. Ilk same.]

Defn: That same; this; that. [Obs.] "I love thilk lass." Spenser.
Thou spake right now of thilke traitor death. Chaucer.

THILL
Thill, n. Etym: [OE. thille, AS. a board, plank, beam, thill; akin to
a plank, D. deel a plank, floor, G. diele, OHG. dili, dilla, Icel. a
plank, planking, a thwart, a wainscot, plank; cf. Skr. tala a level
surface. *236. Cf. Fill a thill, Deal a plank.]

1. One of the two long pieces of wood, extending before a vehicle,
between which a horse is hitched; a shaft.

2. (Mining)

Defn: The floor of a coal mine. Raymond. Thill coupling, a device for
connecting the thill of a vehicle to the axle.

THILLER
Thill"er, n.

Defn: The horse which goes between the thills, or shafts, and
supports them; also, the last horse in a team; -- called also thill
horse.

THIMBLE
Thim"ble, n. Etym: [OE. thimbil, AS. , fr. a thumb. *56. See Thumb.]

1. A kind of cap or cover, or sometimes a broad ring, for the end of
the finger, used in sewing to protect the finger when pushing the
needle through the material. It is usually made of metal, and has
upon the outer surface numerous small pits to catch the head of the
needle.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: Any thimble-shaped appendage or fixure. Specifically: --
(a) A tubular piece, generally a strut, through which a bolt or pin
passes.
(b) A fixed or movable ring, tube, or lining placed in a hole.
(c) A tubular cone for expanding a flue; -- called ferrule in
England.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A ring of thin metal formed with a grooved circumference so as
to fit within an eye-spice, or the like, and protect it from chafing.

THIMBLEBERRY
Thim"ble*ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis), common in
America.

THIMBLEEYE
Thim"ble*eye`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chub mackerel. See under Chub.

THIMBLEFUL
Thim"ble*ful, n.; pl. Thimblefuls (.

Defn: As much as a thimble will hold; a very small quantity.
For a thimbleful of golf, a thimbleful of love. Dryden.

THIMBLERIG
Thim"ble*rig`, n.

Defn: A sleight-of-hand trick played with three small cups, shaped
like thimbles, and a small ball or little pea.

THIMBLERIG
Thim"ble*rig`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thimblerigged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Thimblerigging.]

Defn: To swindle by means of small cups or thimbles, and a pea or
small ball placed under one of them and quickly shifted to another,
the victim laying a wager that he knows under which cup it is; hence,
to cheat by any trick.

THIMBLERIGGER
Thim"ble*rig`ger, n.

Defn: One who cheats by thimblerigging, or tricks of legerdemain.

THIMBLEWEED
Thim"ble*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the composite genus Rudbeckia, coarse herbs
somewhat resembling the sunflower; -- so called from their conical
receptacles.

THIN
Thin, a. [Compar. Thiner; superl. Thinest.] Etym: [OE. thinne,
thenne, thunne, AS. þynne; akin to D. dun, G. dünn, OHG. dunni, Icel.
þunnr, Sw. tunn, Dan. tynd, Gael. & Ir. tana, W. teneu, L. tenuis,
Gr. tanu thin, slender; also to AS. to extend, G. dehnen, Icel. ,
Goth. (in comp.), L. tendere to stretch, tenere to hold, Gr. tan. *51
& 237. Cf. Attenuate, Dance, Tempt, Tenable, Tend to move, Tenous,
Thunder, Tone.]

1. Having little thickness or extent from one surface to its
opposite; as, a thin plate of metal; thin paper; a thin board; a thin
covering.

2. Rare; not dense or thick; -- applied to fluids or soft mixtures;
as, thin blood; thin broth; thin air. Shak.
In the day, when the air is more thin. Bacon.
Satan, bowing low His gray dissimulation, disappeared, Into thin air
diffused. Milton.

3. Not close; not crowded; not filling the space; not having the
individuals of which the thing is composed in a close or compact
state; hence, not abundant; as, the trees of a forest are thin; the
corn or grass is thin.
Ferrara is very large, but extremely thin of people. Addison.

4. Not full or well grown; wanting in plumpness.
Seven thin ears . . . blasted with the east wind. Gen. xli. 6.

5. Not stout; slim; slender; lean; gaunt; as, a person becomes thin
by disease.

6. Wanting in body or volume; small; feeble; not full.
Thin, hollow sounds, and lamentable screams. Dryden.

7. Slight; small; slender; flimsy; wanting substance or depth or
force; superficial; inadequate; not sufficient for a covering; as, a
thin disguise.
My tale is done, for my wit is but thin. Chaucer.

Note: Thin is used in the formation of compounds which are mostly
self-explaining; as, thin-faced, thin-lipped, thin-peopled, thin-
shelled, and the like. Thin section. See under Section.

THIN
Thin, adv.

Defn: Not thickly or closely; in a seattered state; as, seed sown
thin.
Spain is thin sown of people. Bacon.

THIN
Thin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thinned; p. pr. & vb. n. Thinning.] Etym:
[Cf. AS. geþynnian.]

Defn: To make thin (in any of the senses of the adjective).

THIN
Thin, v. i.

Defn: To grow or become thin; -- used with some adverbs, as out,
away, etc.; as, geological strata thin out, i. e., gradually diminish
in thickness until they disappear.

THINE
Thine, pron. & a. Etym: [OE. thin, AS. edhin, originally gen. of
edhu, edhu, thou; akin to G. dein thine, Icel. þinn, possessive
pron., þin, gen. of þu thou, Goth. þeins, possessive pron., þeina,
gen. of þu thou. See Thou, and cf. Thy.]

Defn: A form of the possessive case of the pronoun thou, now
superseded in common discourse by your, the possessive of you, but
maintaining a place in solemn discourse, in poetry, and in the usual
language of the Friends, or Quakers.

Note: In the old style, thine was commonly shortened to thi (thy)
when used attributively before words beginning with a consonant; now,
thy is used also before vowels. Thine is often used absolutely, the
thing possessed being understood.

THING
Thing, n. Etym: [AS. þing a thing, cause, assembly, judicial
assembly; akin to þingan to negotiate, þingian to reconcile,
conciliate, D. ding a thing, OS. thing thing, assembly, judicial
assembly, G. ding a thing, formerly also, an assembly, court, Icel.
þing a thing, assembly, court, Sw. & Dan. ting; perhaps originally
used of the transaction of or before a popular assembly, or the time
appointed for such an assembly; cf. G. dingen to bargain, hire, MHG.
dingen to hold court, speak before a court, negotiate, Goth. þeihs
time, perhaps akin to L. tempus time. Cf. Hustings, and Temporal of
time.]

1. Whatever exists, or is conceived to exist, as a separate entity,
whether animate or inanimate; any separable or distinguishable object
of thought.
God made . . . every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his
kind. Gen. i. 25.
He sent after this manner; ten asses laden with the good things of
Egypt. Gen. xiv. 23.
A thing of beauty is a joy forever. Keats.

2. An inanimate object, in distinction from a living being; any
lifeless material.
Ye meads and groves, unsonscious things! Cowper.

3. A transaction or occurrence; an event; a deed.
[And Jacob said] All these things are against me. Gen. xlii. 36.
Which if ye tell me, I in like wise will tell you by what authority I
do these things. Matt. xxi. 24.

4. A portion or part; something.
Wieked men who understand any thing of wisdom. Tillotson.

5. A diminutive or slighted object; any object viewed as merely
existing; -- often used in pity or contempt.
See, sons, what things you are! Shak.
The poor thing sighed, and . . . turned from me. Addison.
I'll be this abject thing no more. Granville.
I have a thing in prose. Swift.

6. pl.

Defn: Clothes; furniture; appurtenances; luggage; as, to pack or
store one's things. [Colloq.]

Note: Formerly, the singular was sometimes used in a plural or
collective sense.
And them she gave her moebles and her thing. Chaucer.

Note: Thing was used in a very general sense in Old English, and is
still heard colloquially where some more definite term would be used
in careful composition.
In the garden [he] walketh to and fro, And hath his things [i. e.,
prayers, devotions] said full courteously. Chaucer.
Hearkening his minstrels their things play. Chaucer.

7. (Law)

Defn: Whatever may be possessed or owned; a property; --
distinguished from person.

8. [In this sense pronounced tîng.]

Defn: In Scandinavian countries, a legislative or judicial assembly.
Longfellow. Things personal. (Law) Same as Personal property, under
Personal.
 -- Things real. Same as Real property, under Real.

THINK
Think, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thought; p. pr. & vb. n. Thinking.] Etym:
[OE. thinken, properly, to seem, from AS. þyncean (cf. Methinks), but
confounded with OE. thenken to think, fr. AS. þencean (imp. þohte);
akin to D. denken, dunken, OS. thenkian, thunkian, G. denken, dünken,
Icel. þekkja to perceive, to know, þykkja to seem, Goth. þagkjan,
þaggkjan, to think, þygkjan to think, to seem, OL. tongere to know.
Cf. Thank, Thought.]

1. To seem or appear; -- used chiefly in the expressions methinketh
or methinks, and methought.

Note: These are genuine Anglo-Saxon expressions, equivalent to it
seems to me, it seemed to me. In these expressions me is in the
dative case.

2. To employ any of the intellectual powers except that of simple
perception through the senses; to exercise the higher intellectual
faculties.
For that I am I know, because I think. Dryden.

3. Specifically: --
(a) To call anything to mind; to remember; as, I would have sent the
books, but I did not think of it.
Well thought upon; I have it here. Shak.

(b) To reflect upon any subject; to muse; to meditate; to ponder; to
consider; to deliberate.
And when he thought thereon, he wept. Mark xiv. 72.
He thought within himself, saying, What shall I do, because I have no
room where to bestow my fruits Luke xii. 17.

(c) To form an opinion by reasoning; to judge; to conclude; to
believe; as, I think it will rain to-morrow.
Let them marry to whom they think best. Num. xxxvi. 6.

(d) To purpose; to intend; to design; to mean.
I thought to promote thee unto great honor. Num. xxiv. 11.
Thou thought'st to help me. Shak.

(e) To presume; to venture.
Think not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father.
Matt. iii. 9.

Note: To think, in a philosophical use as yet somewhat limited,
designates the higher intellectual acts, the acts preëminently
rational; to judge; to compare; to reason. Thinking is employed by
Hamilton as "comprehending all our collective energies." It is
defined by Mansel as "the act of knowing or judging by means of
concepts,"by Lotze as "the reaction of the mind on the material
supplied by external influences." See Thought. To think better of.
See under Better.
 -- To think much of, or To think well of, to hold in esteem; to
esteem highly.

Syn.
 -- To expect; guess; cogitate; reflect; ponder; contemplate;
meditate; muse; imagine; suppose; believe. See Expect, Guess.

THINK
Think, v. t.

1. To conceive; to imagine.
Charity . . . thinketh no evil. 1 Cor. xiii. 4,5.

2. To plan or design; to plot; to compass. [Obs.]
So little womanhood And natural goodness, as to think the death Of
her own son. Beau. & Fl.

3. To believe; to consider; to esteem.
Nor think superfluous other's aid. Milton.
To think much, to esteem a great matter; to grudge. [Obs.] "[He]
thought not much to clothe his enemies." Milton.
 -- To think scorn. (a) To disdain. [Obs.] "He thought scorn to lay
hands on Mordecai alone." Esther iii. 6. (b) To feel indignation.
[Obs.]

THINKABLE
Think"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being thought or conceived; cogitable. Sir W.
Hamilton.

THINKER
Think"er, n.

Defn: One who thinks; especially and chiefly, one who thinks in a
particular manner; as, a close thinker; a deep thinker; a coherent
thinker.

THINKING
Think"ing, a.

Defn: Having the faculty of thought; cogitative; capable of a regular
train of ideas; as, man is a thinking being.
 -- Think"ing*ly, adv.

THINKING
Think"ing, n.

Defn: The act of thinking; mode of thinking; imagination; cogitation;
judgment.
I heard a bird so sing, Whose music, to my thinking, pleased the
king. Shak.

THINLY
Thin"ly, a.

Defn: In a thin manner; in a loose, scattered manner; scantily; not
thickly; as, ground thinly planted with trees; a country thinly
inhabited.

THINNER
Thin"ner, n.

Defn: One who thins, or makes thinner.

THINNESS
Thin"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being thin (in any of the senses of the
word).

THINNISH
Thin"nish, a.

Defn: Somewhat thin.

THINOLITE
Thin"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A calcareous tufa, in part crystalline, occurring on a large
scale as a shore deposit about the Quaternary lake basins of Nevada.

THIN-SKINNED
Thin"-skinned`, a.

Defn: Having a thin skin; hence, sensitive; irritable.

THIO-
Thi"o-. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting the presence
of sulphur. See Sulpho-.

THIOCARBONATE
Thi`o*car"bon*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A sulphocarbonate.

THIOCARBONIC
Thi`o*car*bon"ic, a. Etym: [Thio- + carbonic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Sulphocarbonic.

THIOCYANATE
Thi`o*cy"a*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Sulphocyanate.

THIOCYANIC
Thi`o*cy*an"ic, a. Etym: [Thio- + cyanic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Sulphocyanic.

THIONAPHTHENE
Thi`o*naph"thene, n. Etym: [Thiophene + naphthalene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A double benzene and thiophene nucleus, C8H6S, analogous to
naphthalene, and like it the base of a large series of derivatives.
[Written also thionaphtene.]

THIONIC
Thi*on"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to sulphur; containing or resembling sulphur;
specifically, designating certain of the thio compounds; as, the
thionic acids. Cf. Dithionic, Trithionic, Tetrathionic, etc.

THIONINE
Thi"on*ine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: An artificial red or violet dyestuff consisting of a complex
sulphur derivative of certain aromatic diamines, and obtained as a
dark crystalline powder; -- called also phenylene violet.

THIONOL
Thi"on*ol, n. Etym: [Thionine + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A red or violet dyestuff having a greenish metallic luster. It
is produced artificially, by the chemical dehydration of thionine, as
a brown amorphous powder.

THIONOLINE
Thi*on"o*line, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A beautiful fluorescent crystalline substance, intermediate in
composition between thionol and thionine.

THIONYL
Thi"on*yl, n. Etym: [Thionic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical SO, regarded as an essential
constituent of certain sulphurous compounds; as, thionyl chloride.

THIOPHENE
Thi"o*phene, n. Etym: [Thio- + phenyl + -ene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A sulphur hydrocarbon, C4H4S, analogous to furfuran and
benzene, and acting as the base of a large number of substances which
closely resemble the corresponding aromatic derivatives.

THIOPHENIC
Thi`o*phen"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, thiophene; specifically,
designating a certain acid analogous to benzoic acid.

THIOPHENOL
Thi`o*phe"nol, n. Etym: [Thio- + phenol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless mobile liquid, C6H5.SH, of an offensive odor, and
analogous to phenol; -- called also phenyl sulphydrate.

THIOPHTHENE
Thi*oph"thene, n. Etym: [Abbreviated from thionaphthene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A double thiophene nucleus, C6H4S2, analogous to thionaphthene,
and the base of a large series of compounds. [Written also
thiophtene.]

THIOSULPHATE
Thi`o*sul"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of thiosulphuric acid; -- formerly called hyposulphite.

Note: The sodium salt called in photography by the name sodium
hyposulphite, being used as a solvent for the excess of unchanged
silver chloride, bromide, and iodide on the sensitive plate.

THIOSULPHURIC
Thi`o*sul*phur"ic, a. Etym: [Thio- + sulphuric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an unstable acid, H2S2O3,
analogous to sulphuric acid, and formerly called hyposulphurous acid.

THIOTOLENE
Thi`o*to"lene, n. Etym: [Thio- + toluene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless oily liquid, C4H3S.CH3, analogous to, and
resembling, toluene; -- called also methyl thiophene.

THIOXENE
Thi*ox"ene, n. Etym: [Thiophene + xylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of three possible metameric substances, which are
dimethyl derivatives of thiophene, like the xylenes from benzene.

THIRD
Third, a. Etym: [OE. thirde, AS. , fr. , , three; akin to D. derde
third, G. dritte, Icel. , Goth. , L. tertius, Gr. t. See Three, and
cf. Riding a jurisdiction, Tierce.]

1. Next after the second; coming after two others; -- the ordinal of
three; as, the thirdhour in the day. "The third night." Chaucer.

2. Constituting or being one of three equal parts into which anything
is divided; as, the third part of a day. Third estate. (a) In
England, the commons, or the commonalty, who are represented in
Parliament by the House of Commons. (b) In France, the tiers état.
See Tiers état. Third order (R. C. Ch.), an order attached to a
monastic order, and comprising men and women devoted to a rule of
pious living, called the third rule, by a simple vow if they remain
seculars, and by more solemn vows if they become regulars. See
Tertiary, n., 1.
 -- Third person (Gram.), the person spoken of. See Person, n., 7.
 -- Third sound. (Mus.) See Third, n., 3.

THIRD
Third, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by three; one of three equal parts
into which anything is divided.

2. The sixtieth part of a second of time.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: The third tone of the scale; the mediant.

4. pl. (Law)

Defn: The third part of the estate of a deseased husband, which, by
some local laws, the widow is entitled to enjoy during her life.
Major third (Mus.), an interval of two tones.
 -- Minor third (Mus.), an interval of a tone and a half.

THIRD-BOROUGH
Third"-bor`ough, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: An under constable. Shak. Johnson.

THIRDINGS
Third"ings, n. pl. (Eng. Law)

Defn: The third part of the corn or grain growing on the ground at
the tenant's death, due to the lord for a heriot, as within the manor
of Turfat in Herefordshire.

THIRDLY
Third"ly, adv.

Defn: In the third place. Bacon.

THIRD-PENNY
Third"-pen`ny, n. (A.S. Law)

Defn: A third part of the profits of fines and penalties imposed at
the country court, which was among the perquisites enjoyed by the
earl.

THIRD RAIL
Third rail. (Electric Railways)
 (a) The third rail used in the third-rail system.
 (b) An electric railway using such a rail. [Colloq.]

THIRD-RAIL SYSTEM
Third-rail system. (Electric Railways)

Defn: A system in which a third rail is used for carrying the current
for operating the motors, the rail being insulated from the ground
and the current being taken off by means of contact brushes or other
devices.

THIRL
Thirl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thirled; p. pr. & vb. n. Thirling.] Etym:
[See Thrill.]

Defn: To bore; to drill or thrill. See Thrill. [Obs. or Prov.]
That with a spear was thirled his breast bone. Chaucer.

THIRLAGE
Thirl"age, n. Etym: [Cf. Thrall.] (Scots Law)

Defn: The right which the owner of a mill possesses, by contract or
law, to compel the tenants of a certain district, or of his sucken,
to bring all their grain to his mill for grinding. Erskine.

THIRST
Thirst, n. Etym: [OE. thirst, þurst, AS. þurst, þyrst; akin to D.
dorst, OS. thurst, G. durst, Icel. þorsti, Sw. & Dan. törst, Goth.
þaúrstei thirst, þaúrsus dry, withered, þaúrsieþ mik I thirst,
gaþaírsan to wither, L. torrere to parch, Gr. te`rsesqai to become
dry, tesai`nein to dry up, Skr. trssh to thirst. *54. Cf. Torrid.]

1. A sensation of dryness in the throat associated with a craving for
liquids, produced by deprivation of drink, or by some other cause (as
fear, excitement, etc.) which arrests the secretion of the pharyngeal
mucous membrane; hence, the condition producing this sensation.
Wherefore is this that thou hast brought us up out of Egypt, to kill
us, and our children . . . with thirst Ex. xvii. 3.
With thirst, with cold, with hunger so confounded. Chaucer.

2. Fig.: A want and eager desire after anything; a craving or
longing; -- usually with for, of, or after; as, the thirst for gold.
"Thirst of worldy good." Fairfax. "The thirst I had of knowledge."
Milton.

THIRST
Thirst, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thirsted; p. pr. & vb. n. Thirsting.]
Etym: [AS. . See Thirst, n.]

1. To feel thirst; to experience a painful or uneasy sensation of the
throat or fauces, as for want of drink.
The people thirsted there for water. Ex. xvii. 3.

2. To have a vehement desire.
My soul thirsteth for . . . the living God. Ps. xlii. 2.

THIRST
Thirst, v. t.

Defn: To have a thirst for. [R.]
He seeks his keeper's flesh, and thirsts his blood. Prior.

THIRSTER
Thirst"er, n.

Defn: One who thirsts.

THIRSTILY
Thirst"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a thirsty manner.

THIRSTINESS
Thirst"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being thirsty; thirst.

THIRSTLE
Thirs"tle, n.

Defn: The throstle. [Prov. Eng.]

THIRSTY
Thirst"y, a. [Compar. Thirstier; superl. Thirstiest.] Etym: [AS. .
See Thirst, n.]

1. Feeling thirst; having a painful or distressing sensation from
want of drink; hence, having an eager desire.
Give me, I pray thee, a little water to drink, for I am thirsty.
Judges iv. 19.

2. Deficient in moisture; dry; parched.
A dry and thirsty land, where no water is. Ps. lxiii. 1.
When in the sultry glebe I faint, Or on the thirsty mountain pant.
Addison.

THIRTEEN
Thir"teen`, a. Etym: [OE. threttene, AS. , . See Three, and Ten, and
cf. Thirty.]

Defn: One more than twelve; ten and three; as, thirteen ounces or
pounds.

THIRTEEN
Thir"teen`, n.

1. The number greater by one than twelve; the sum of ten and three;
thirteen units or objects.

2. A symbol representing thirteen units, as 13 or xiii.

THIRTEENTH
Thir"teenth`, a. Etym: [From Thirteen: cf. AS. .]

1. Next in order after the twelfth; the third after the tenth; -- the
ordinal of thirteen; as, the thirteenth day of the month.

2. Constituting or being one of thirteen equal parts into which
anything is divided.

THIRTEENTH
Thir"teenth`, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by thirteen; one of thirteen equal
parts into which anything is divided.

2. The next in order after the twelfth.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: The interval comprising an octave and a sixth.

THIRTIETH
Thir"ti*eth, a. Etym: [From Thirty: cf. AS. þritigoedha.]

1. Next in order after the twenty-ninth; the tenth after the
twentieth; -- the ordinal of thirty; as, the thirtieth day of the
month.

2. Constituting or being one of thirty equal parts into which
anything is divided.

THIRTIETH
Thir"ti*eth, n.

Defn: The quotient of a unit divided by thirty; one of thirty equal
parts.

THIRTY
Thir"ty, a. Etym: [OE. thritty, AS. Þritig, Þrittig; akin to D.
dertig, G. dreissig, Icel. Þrjatiu, Þrjatigi, Þrir teger, Goth. Þreis
tigjus, i.e., three tens. See Three, and Ten, and cf. Thirteen.]

Defn: Being three times ten; consisting of one more than twenty-nine;
twenty and ten; as, the month of June consists of thirty days.

THIRTY
Thir"ty, n.; pl. Thirties (.

1. The sum of three tens, or twenty and ten; thirty units or objects.

2. A symbol expressing thirty, as 30, or XXX.

THIRTY-SECOND
Thir"ty-sec`ond, a.

Defn: Being one of thirty-two equal parts into which anything is
divided. Thirty-second note (Mus.), the thirty-second part of a whole
note; a demi-semiquaver.

THIS
This, pron. & a.; pl. These. Etym: [OE. this, thes, AS. th\'c7s,
masc., theós, fem., this, neut.; akin to OS. these, D. deze, G.
dieser, OHG. diser, deser, Icel. Þessi; originally from the definite
article + a particle -se, -si; cf. Goth. sai behold. See The, That,
and cf. These, Those.]

1. As a demonstrative pronoun, this denotes something that is present
or near in place or time, or something just mentioned, or that is
just about to be mentioned.
When they heard this, they were pricked in their heart. Acts ii. 37.
But know this, that if the good man of the house had known in what
watch the thief would come, he would have watched. Matt. xxiv. 43.

2. As an adjective, this has the same demonstrative force as the
pronoun, but is followed by a noun; as, this book; this way to town.

Note: This may be used as opposed or correlative to that, and
sometimes as opposed to other or to a second this. See the Note under
That, 1.
This way and that wavering sails they bend. Pope.
A body of this or that denomination is produced. Boyle.
Their judgment in this we may not, and in that we need not, follow.
Hooker.
Consider the arguments which the author had to write this, or to
design the other, before you arraign him. Dryden.
Thy crimes . . . soon by this or this will end. Addison.

Note: This, like a, every, that, etc., may refer to a number, as of
years, persons, etc., taken collectively or as a whole.
This twenty years have I been with thee.. Gen. xxxi. 38.
I have not wept this years; but now My mother comes afresh into my
eyes. Dryden.

THISTLE
This"tle, n. Etym: [OE. thistil, AS. þistel; akin to D. & G. distel,
OHG. distila, distil, Icel. þistill, Sw. tistel, Dan. tidsel; of
uncertain origin.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several prickly composite plants, especially those
of the genera Cnicus, Craduus, and Onopordon. The name is often also
applied to other prickly plants. Blessed thistle, Carduus benedictus,
so named because it was formerly considered an antidote to the bite
of venomous creatures.
 -- Bull thistle, Cnicus lanceolatus, the common large thistle of
neglected pastures.
 -- Canada thistle, Cnicus arvensis, a native of Europe, but
introduced into the United States from Canada.
 -- Cotton thistle, Onopordon Acanthium.
 -- Fuller's thistle, the teasel.
 -- Globe thistle, Melon thistle, etc. See under Globe, Melon, etc.
 -- Pine thistle, Atractylis gummifera, a native of the Mediterranean
region. A vicid gum resin flows from the involucre.
 -- Scotch thistle, either the cotton thistle, or the musk thistle,
or the spear thistle; -- all used national emblems of Scotland.
 -- Sow thistle, Sonchus oleraceus.
 -- Spear thistle. Same as Bull thistle.
 -- Star thistle, a species of Centaurea. See Centaurea.
 -- Torch thistle, a candelabra-shaped plant of the genus Cereus. See
Cereus.
 -- Yellow thistle, Cincus horridulus. Thistle bird (Zoöl.), the
American goldfinch, or yellow-bird (Spinus tristis); -- so called on
account of its feeding on the seeds of thistles. See Illust. under
Goldfinch.
 -- Thistle butterfly (Zoöl.), a handsomely colored American
butterfly (Vanessa cardui) whose larva feeds upon thistles; -- called
also painted lady.
 -- Thistle cock (Zoöl.), the corn bunting (Emberiza militaria).
[Prov. Eng.] -- Thistle crown, a gold coin of England of the reign of
James I., worth four shillings.
 -- Thistle finch (Zoöl.), the goldfinch; -- so called from its
fondness for thistle seeds. [Prov. Eng.] -- Thistle funnel, a funnel
having a bulging body and flaring mouth.

THISTLY
This"tly, a.

1. Overgrown with thistles; as, thistly ground.

2. Fig.: Resembling a thistle or thistles; sharp; pricking.
In such a world, so thorny, and where none Finds happiness
unblighted, or, if found, Without some thistly sorrow at its side.
Cowper.

THITHER
Thith"er, adv. Etym: [OE. thider, AS. edhider; akin to E. that; cf.
Icel. þaedhra there, Goth. þaþro thence. See That, and The.]

1. To that place; -- opposed to Ant: hither.
This city is near; . . . O, let me escape thither. Gen. xix. 20.
Where I am, thither ye can not come. John vii. 34.

2. To that point, end, or result; as, the argument tended thither.
Hither and thither, to this place and to that; one way and another.

Syn.
 -- There. Thither, There. Thither properly denotes motion toward a
place; there denotes rest in a place; as, I am going thither, and
shall meet you there. But thither has now become obsolete, except in
poetry, or a style purposely conformed to the past, and there is now
used in both senses; as, I shall go there to-morrow; we shall go
there together.

THITHER
Thith"er, a.

1. Being on the farther side from the person speaking; farther; -- a
correlative of hither; as, on the thither side of the water. W. D.
Howells.

2. Applied to time: On the thither side of, older than; of more years
than. See Hither, a. Huxley.

THITHERTO
Thith"er*to`, adv.

Defn: To that point; so far. [Obs.]

THITHERWARD
Thith"er*ward, adv.

Defn: To ward that place; in that direction.
They shall ask the way to Zion, with their faces thitherward. Jer. l.
5.

THITSEE
Thit"see, n. Etym: [Written also theesee, and thietsie.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The varnish tree of Burmah (Melanorrhoea usitatissima).

2. A black varnish obtained from the tree.

THLIPSIS
Thlip"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Compression, especially constriction of vessels by an external
cause.

THO
Tho (tho), def. art.

Defn: The. [Obs.] Spenser.

THO
Tho, pron. pl.

Defn: Those. [Obs.]
This knowen tho that be to wives bound. Chaucer.

THO
Tho, adv. Etym: [AS. þa.]

Defn: Then. [Obs.] Spenser.
To do obsequies as was tho the guise. Chaucer.

THO
Tho, conj.

Defn: Though. [Reformed spelling.]

THOLE
Thole, n. [Written also thowel, and thowl.] Etym: [OE. thol, AS. þol;
akin to D. dol, Icel. þollr a fir tree, a young fir, a tree, a
thole.]

1. A wooden or metal pin, set in the gunwale of a boat, to serve as a
fulcrum for the oar in rowing. Longfellow.

2. The pin, or handle, of a scythe snath. Thole pin. Same as Thole.

THOLE
Thole, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tholed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tholing.] Etym:
[OE. þolen, þolien, AS. þolian; akin to OS. tholon, OHG. dolen, G.
geduld patience, dulden to endure, Icel. þola, Sw. tåla, Dan. taale,
Goth. þulan, L. tolerate, tulisse, to endure, bear, tollere to lift,
bear, Gr. tul to lift. *55. Cf. Tolerate.]

Defn: To bear; to endure; to undergo. [Obs. or Scot.] Gower.
So much woe as I have with you tholed. Chaucer.
To thole the winter's steely dribble. Burns.

THOLE
Thole, v. i.

Defn: To wait. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

THOMAEAN; THOMEAN
Tho*mæ"an, Tho*me"an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A member of the ancient church of Christians established on the
Malabar coast of India, which some suppose to have been originally
founded by the Apostle Thomas.

THOMAS PHOSPHATE; THOMAS SLAG
Thom"as phos"phate or slag .

Defn: Same as Basic slag, above.

THOMAS PROCESS
Thom"as proc"ess. (Iron Metal.)

Defn: Same as Basic process, above.

THOMISM; THOMAISM
Tho"mism, Tho"ma*ism, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The doctrine of Thomas Aquinas, esp. with respect to
predestination and grace.

THOMIST
Tho"mist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Thomas Aquinas. See Scotist.

THOMITE
Tho"mite, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A Thomæan.

THOMSENOLITE
Thom"sen*o*lite, n. Etym: [Named after Dr. J.Thomsen of Copenhagen.
See -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A fluoride of aluminium, calcium, and sodium occurring with the
cryolite of Greenland.

THOMSEN'S DISEASE
Thom"sen's dis*ease". Etym: [From Thomsen, a physician of Sleswick.]
(Med.)

Defn: An affection apparently congenital, consisting in tonic
contraction and stiffness of the voluntary muscles occurring after a
period of muscular inaction.

THOMSONIAN
Thom*so"ni*an, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Thomsonianism.
 -- n.

Defn: A believer in Thomsonianism; one who practices Thomsonianism.

THOMSONIANISM
Thom*so"ni*an*ism, n. (Med.)

Defn: An empirical system which assumes that the human body is
composed of four elements, earth, air, fire, and water, and that
vegetable medicines alone should be used; -- from the founder, Dr.
Samuel Thomson, of Massachusetts.

THOMSONITE
Thom"son*ite, n. Etym: [From R.D.Thomson, of Glasgow.] (Min.)

Defn: A zeolitic mineral, occurring generally in masses of a radiated
structure. It is a hydrous silicate of aluminia, lime, and soda.
Called also mesole, and comptonite.

THOMSON PROCESS
Thomson process. [After Elihu Thomson, American inventor.]

Defn: A process of electric welding in which heat is developed by a
large current passing through the metal.

THONG
Thong, n. Etym: [OE. thong, þwong, thwang, AS. þwang; akin to Icel.
þvengr a thong, latchet. *57. Cf. Twinge.]

Defn: A strap of leather; especially, one used for fastening
anything.
And nails for loosened spears, and thongs for shields, provide.
Dryden.
Thong seal (Zoöl.), the bearded seal. See the Note under Seal.

THOOID
Tho"oid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a group of carnivores, including the wovels
and the dogs.

THOR
Thor, n. Etym: [Icel. þors. Cf. Thursday.] (Scand. Myth.)

Defn: The god of thunder, and son of Odin.

THORACENTESIS
Tho`ra*cen*te"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of puncturing the chest wall so as to let out
liquids contained in the cavity of the chest.

THORACIC
Tho*rac"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. thoracique.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the thorax, or chest. Thoracic duct
(Anat.), the great trunk of the lymphatic vessels, situated on the
ventral side of the vertebral column in the thorax and abdomen. See
Illust. of Lacteal.

THORACIC
Tho*rac"ic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. thoracique.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of fishes having the ventral fins placed beneath
the thorax or beneath the pectorial fins.

THORACICA
Tho*rac"i*ca, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of cirripeds including those which have six thoracic
segments, usually bearing six pairs of cirri. The common barnacles
are examples.

THORACOMETER
Tho`ra*com"e*ter, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Stethometer.

THORACOPLASTY
Tho`ra*co*plas"ty, n. Etym: [Thorax + plasty.] (Med.)

Defn: A remodeling or reshaping of the thorax; especially, the
operation of removing the ribs, so as to obliterate the pleural
cavity in cases of empyema.

THORACOSTRACA
Tho`ra*cos"tra*ca, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Thorax, and Ostracoid, a.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division of Crustacea, having a dorsal shield or
carapec

THORACOTOMY
Tho`ra*cot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of opening the pleural cavity by incision.

THORAL
Tho"ral, a. Etym: [L. torus a couch, bed.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a bed. [R.]

THORAX
Tho"rax, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen,
containing that part of the body cavity the walls of which are
supported by the dorsal vertebræ, the ribs, and the sternum, and
which the heart and lungs are situated; the chest.

Note: In mammals the thoracic cavity is completely separated from the
abdominal by the diaphragm, but in birds and many reptiles the
separation is incomplete, while in other reptiles, and in amphibians
and fishes, there is no marked separation and no true thorax.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The middle region of the body of an insect, or that region which
bears the legs and wings. It is composed of three united somites,
each of which is composed of several distinct parts. See Illust. in
Appendix. and Illust. of Coleoptera.
(b) The second, or middle, region of the body of a crustacean,
arachnid, or other articulate animal. In the case of decapod
Crustacea, some writers include under the term thorax only the three
segments bearing the maxillipeds; others include also the five
segments bearing the legs. See Illust. in Appendix.

3. (Antiq.)

Defn: A breastplate, cuirass, or corselet; especially, the
breastplate worn by the ancient Greeks.

THORIA
Tho"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Thorite.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare white earthy substance, consisting of the oxide of
thorium; -- formerly called also thorina.

THORIC
Thor"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to thorium; designating the compounds of
thorium.

THORITE
Tho"rite, n. Etym: [So called by Berzelius from the Scandinavian god
Thor. See Thor.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a brown to black color, or, as in the variety
orangite, orange-yellow. It is essentially a silicate of thorium.

THORIUM
Tho"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Thorite.] (Chem.)

Defn: A metallic element found in certain rare minerals, as thorite,
pyrochlore, monazite, etc., and isolated as an infusible gray
metallic powder which burns in the air and forms thoria; -- formerly
called also thorinum. Symbol Th. Atomic weight 232.0.

THORN
Thorn, n. Etym: [AS. þorn; akin to OS. & OFries. thorn, D. doorn, G.
dorn, Dan. torn, Sw. törne, Icel. þorn, Goth. þaúrnus; cf. Pol. tarn,
Russ. tern' the blackthorn, ternie thorns, Skr. trsnsa grass, blade
of grass. *53.]

1. A hard and sharp-pointed projection from a woody stem; usually, a
branch so transformed; a spine.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Any shrub or small tree which bears thorns; especially, any
species of the genus Cratægus, as the hawthorn, whitethorn, cockspur
thorn.

3. Fig.: That which pricks or annoys as a thorn; anything
troublesome; trouble; care.
There was given to me a thorn in the flesh, the messenger of Satan to
buffet me. 2 Cor. xii. 7.
The guilt of empire, all its thorns and cares, Be only mine.
Southern.

4. The name of the Anglo-Saxon letter th, as in thin, then. So called
because it was the initial letter of thorn, a spine. Thorn apple
(Bot.), Jamestown weed.
 -- Thorn broom (Bot.), a shrub that produces thorns.
 -- Thorn hedge, a hedge of thorn-bearing trees or bushes.
 -- Thorn devil. (Zoöl.) See Moloch, 2.
 -- Thorn hopper (Zoöl.), a tree hopper (Thelia cratægi) which lives
on the thorn bush, apple tree, and allied trees.

THORN
Thorn, v. t.

Defn: To prick, as with a thorn. [Poetic]
I am the only rose of all the stock That never thorn'd him. Tennyson.

THORNBACK
Thorn"back`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European skate (Raia clavata) having thornlike spines on its
back.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The large European spider crab or king crab (Maia squinado).

THORNBILL
Thorn"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small, brilliantly colored
American birds of the genus Rhamphomicron. They have a long, slender,
sharp bill, and feed upon honey, insects, and the juice of the sugar
cane.

THORNBIRD
Thorn"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American bird (Anumbius anumbii) allied to the
ovenbirds of the genus Furnarius). It builds a very large and complex
nest of twigs and thorns in a bush or tree.

THORNBUT
Thorn"but, n. Etym: [Thorn + -but as in halibut; cf. G. dornbutt.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The turbot.

THORN-HEADED
Thorn"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a head armed with thorns or spines. Thorn-headed worm
(Zoöl.), any worm of the order Acanthocephala; -- called also
thornhead.

THORNLESS
Thorn"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of, or free from, thorns.

THORNSET
Thorn"set`, a.

Defn: Set with thorns. Dyer.

THORNTAIL
Thorn"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beautiful South American humming bird (Gouldia Popelairii),
having the six outer tail feathers long, slender, and pointed. The
head is ornamented with a long, pointed crest.

THORNY
Thorn"y, a. [Compar. Thornier; superl. Thorniest.] Etym: [Cf. AS.
þorniht.]

1. Full of thorns or spines; rough with thorns; spiny; as, a thorny
wood; a thorny tree; a thorny crown.

2. Like a thorn or thorns; hence, figuratively, troublesome;
vexatious; harassing; perplexing. "The thorny point of bare
distress." Shak.
The steep and thorny way to heaven. Shak.
Thorny rest-harrow (Bot.), rest-harrow.
 -- Thorny trefoil, a prickly plant of the genus Fagonia (F. Cretica,
etc.).

THORO
Thor"o, a.

Defn: Thorough. [Reformed spelling.]

THOROUGH
Thor"ough, prep. Etym: [See Through.]

Defn: Through. [Obs.] Spenser. Shak.

THOROUGH
Thor"ough, a.

1. Passing through; as, thorough lights in a house. [Obs.]

2. Passing through or to the end; hence, complete; perfect; as, a
thorough reformation; thorough work; a thorough translator; a
thorough poet.

THOROUGH
Thor"ough, adv.

1. Thoroughly. [Obs. or Colloq.] Chaucer.

2. Through. [Obs.] Shak.

THOROUGH
Thor"ough, n.

Defn: A furrow between two ridges, to drain off the surface water.
[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

THOROUGH BASS
Thor"ough bass`. (Mus.)

Defn: The representation of chords by figures placed under the base;
figured bass; basso continuo; -- sometimes used as synonymous with
harmony.

THOROUGH-BRACE
Thor"ough-brace`, n.

Defn: A leather strap supporting the body of a carriage, and attached
to springs, or serving as a spring. See Illust. of Chaise.

THOROUGHBRED
Thor"ough*bred`, a.

Defn: Bred from the best blood through a long line; pure-blooded; --
said of stock, as horses. Hence, having the characteristics of such
breeding; mettlesome; courageous; of elegant form, or the like.
 -- n.

Defn: A thoroughbred animal, especially a horse.

THOROUGHFARE
Thor"ough*fare`, n. Etym: [AS. þurhfaru.]

1. A passage through; a passage from one street or opening to
another; an unobstructed way open to the public; a public road;
hence, a frequented street.
A large and splendid thoroughfare. Motley.

2. A passing or going through; passage. [R.]
[Made] Hell and this world -- one realm, one continent Of easy
thoroughfare. Milton.

THOROUGHGOING
Thor"ough*go`ing, a.

1. Going through, or to the end or bottom; very thorough; complete.

2. Going all lengths; extreme; thoroughplaced; -- less common in this
sense.

THOROUGH-LIGHTED
Thor"ough-light`ed, a. (Arch.)

Defn: Provided with thorough lights or windows at opposite sides, as
a room or building. Gwilt.

THOROUGHLY
Thor"ough*ly, adv.

Defn: In a thorough manner; fully; entirely; completely.

THOROUGHNESS
Thor"ough*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being thorough; completeness.

THOROUGHPACED
Thor"ough*paced`, a.

Defn: Perfect in what is undertaken; complete; going all lengths; as,
a thoroughplaced Tory or Whig.
If she be a thoroughplaced impostor. Sir W. Scott.

THOROUGHPIN
Thor"ough*pin`, n. (Far.)

Defn: A disease of the hock (sometimes of the knee) of a horse,
caused by inflammation of the synovial membrane and a consequent
excessive secretion of the synovial fluid; -- probably so called
because there is usually an oval swelling on each side of the leg,
appearing somewhat as if a pin had been thrust through.

THOROUGHSPED
Thor"ough*sped`, a.

Defn: Fully accomplished; thoroughplaced. [R.] Swift.

THOROUGHSTITCH
Thor"ough*stitch`, adv.

Defn: So as to go the whole length of any business; fully;
completely. [Obs.]
Preservance alone can carry us thoroughstitch. L'Estrange.

THOROUGHWAX
Thor"ough*wax`, n. (Bot.)
(a) An umbelliferous plant (Bupleurum rotundifolium) with perfoliate
leaves.
(b) Thoroughwort.

THOROUGHWORT
Thor"ough*wort`, n.

Defn: Same as Boneset.

THOROW
Thor"ow, prep.

Defn: Through. [Obs.] "Thorow bramble, pits, and floods." Beau. & Fl.

THOROW
Thor"ow, a.

Defn: Thorough. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

THORP; THORPE
Thorp, Thorpe (thôrp), n. Etym: [AS. þorp; akin to OS. & OFries.
thorp, D. dorp, G. dorf, Icel. þorp, Dan. torp, Sw. torp a cottage, a
little farm, Goth. þaúrp a field, and probably to Lith. troba a
building, a house, W. tref a hamlet, Ir. treabh a farmed village, a
tribe, clan, Gael. treabhair houses, and perhaps to L. turba a crowd,
mult. Cf. Dorp.]

Defn: A group of houses in the country; a small village; a hamlet; a
dorp; -- now chiefly occurring in names of places and persons; as,
Althorp, Mablethorpe. "Within a little thorp I staid." Fairfax.
Then thorpe and byre arose in fire. Tennyson.

THOSE
Those, pron. Etym: [OE. þos, þas, AS. edhas, nom. and acc. pl. of
edhes this. See This, and cf. These.]

Defn: The plural of that. See That.

THOTH
Thoth, n.

1. (Myth.)

Defn: The god of eloquence and letters among the ancient Egyptians,
and supposed to be the inventor of writing and philosophy. He
corresponded to the Mercury of the Romans, and was usually
represented as a human figure with the head of an ibis or a lamb.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Egyptian sacred baboon.

THOU
Thou, pron. [Sing.: nom. Thou; poss. Thy or Thine (; obj. Thee. Pl.:
nom. You (; poss. Your or Yours (; obj. You.] Etym: [OE. thou, þu,
AS. edhu, edhu; akin to OS. & OFries. thu, G., Dan. & Sw. du, Icel.
þu, Goth. þu, Russ. tui, Ir. & Gael. tu, W. ti, L. tu, Gr. sy`, Dor.
ty`, Skr. tvam. *185. Cf. Thee, Thine, Te Deum.]

Defn: The second personal pronoun, in the singular number, denoting
the person addressed; thyself; the pronoun which is used in
addressing persons in the solemn or poetical style.
Art thou he that should come Matt. xi. 3.

Note: "In Old English, generally, thou is the language of a lord to a
servant, of an equal to an equal, and expresses also companionship,
love, permission, defiance, scorn, threatening: whilst ye is the
language of a servant to a lord, and of compliment, and further
expresses honor, submission, or entreaty." Skeat.

Note: Thou is now sometimes used by the Friends, or Quakers, in
familiar discourse, though most of them corruptly say thee instead of
thou.

THOU
Thou, v. t.

Defn: To address as thou, esp. to do so in order to treat with
insolent familiarity or contempt.
If thou thouest him some thrice, it shall not be amiss. Shak.

THOU
Thou, v. i.

Defn: To use the words thou and thee in discourse after the manner of
the Friends. [R.]

THOUGH
Though (tho), conj. Etym: [OE. thogh, þah, AS. edheáh, edhæh, edheh;
akin to OS. thoh, OFries. thach, D. & G. doch but, yet, OHG. doh but,
yet though, Icel. þo yet, nevertheless, Sw. dock, Dan. dog, Goth.
þáuh, þáu, than, or, yet; of uncertain origin. *184.]

Defn: Granting, admitting, or supposing that; notwithstanding that;
if.
Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him. Job xiii. 15.
Not that I so affirm, though so it seem. Milton.

Note: It is compounded with all in although. See Although. As though,
as if.
In the vine were three branches; and it was as though it budded. Gen.
xl. 10.

THOUGH
Though, adv.

Defn: However; nevertheless; notwithstanding; -- used in familiar
language, and in the middle or at the end of a sentence.
I would not be as sick though for his place. Shak.
A good cause would do well, though. Dryden.

THOUGHT
Thought,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Think.

THOUGHT
Thought, n. Etym: [OE. þoght, þouht, AS. þoht, geþoht, fr. þencean to
think; akin to D. gedachte thought, MHG. daht, gedaht, Icel. þottr,
þotti. See Think.]

1. The act of thinking; the exercise of the mind in any of its higher
forms; reflection; cogitation.
Thought can not be superadded to matter, so as in any sense to render
it true that matter can become cogitative. Dr. T. Dwight.

2. Meditation; serious consideration.
Pride, of all others the most dangerous fault, Proceeds from want of
sense or want of thought. Roscommon.

3. That which is thought; an idea; a mental conception, whether an
opinion, judgment, fancy, purpose, or intention.
Thus Bethel spoke, who always speaks his thought. Pope.
Why do you keep alone, . . . Using those thoughts which should indeed
have died With them they think on Shak.
Thoughts come crowding in so fast upon me, that my only difficulty is
to choose or to reject. Dryden.
All their thoughts are against me for evil. Ps. lvi. 5.

4. Solicitude; anxious care; concern.
Hawis was put in trouble, and died with thought and anguish before
his business came to an end. Bacon.
Take no thought for your life, what ye shall eat, or what ye shall
drink. Matt. vi. 25.

5. A small degree or quantity; a trifle; as, a thought longer; a
thought better. [Colloq.]
If the hair were a thought browner. Shak.

Note: Thought, in philosophical usage now somewhat current, denotes
the capacity for, or the exercise of, the very highest intellectual
functions, especially those usually comprehended under judgment.
This [faculty], to which I gave the name of the "elaborative
faculty," -- the faculty of relations or comparison, -- constitutes
what is properly denominated thought. Sir W. Hamilton.

Syn.
 -- Idea; conception; imagination; fancy; conceit; notion;
supposition; reflection; consideration; meditation; contemplation;
cogitation; deliberation.

THOUGHTFUL
Thought"ful, a.

1. Full of thought; employed in meditation; contemplative; as, a man
of thoughtful mind.
War, horrid war, your thoughtful walks invades. Pope.

2. Attentive; careful; exercising the judgment; having the mind
directed to an object; as, thoughtful of gain; thoughtful in seeking
truth. Glanvill.

3. Anxious; solicitous; concerned.
Around her crowd distrust, and doubt, and fear, And thoughtful
foresight, and tormenting care. Prior.

Syn.
 -- Considerate; deliberate; contemplative; attentive; careful; wary;
circumspect; reflective; discreet.
 -- Thoughtful, Considerate. He who is habitually thoughtful rarely
neglects his duty or his true interest; he who is considerate pauses
to reflect and guard himself against error. One who is not thoughtful
by nature, if he can be made considerate, will usually be guarded
against serious mistakes. "He who is thoughtful does not forget his
duty; he who is considerate pauses, and considers properly what is
his duty. It is a recommendation to a subordinate person to be
thoughtful in doing what is wished of him; it is the recommendation
of a confidential person to be considerate, as he has often Crabb.
 -- Thought"ful*ly, adv.
 -- hought"ful*ness, n.

THOUGHTLESS
Thought"less, adv.

1. Lacking thought; careless; inconsiderate; rash; as, a thoughtless
person, or act.

2. Giddy; gay; dissipated. [R.] Johnson.

3. Deficient in reasoning power; stupid; dull.
Thoughtless as monarch oaks that shade the plain. Dryden.
-- Thought"less*ly, adv.
 -- Thought"less*ness, n.

THOUGHT TRANSFERENCE
Thought transference.

Defn: Telepathy.

THOUSAND
Thou"sand, n. Etym: [OE. þousend, þusend, AS. þusend; akin to OS.
thusundig, thusind, OFries. thusend, D. duizend, G. tausend, OHG. t,
d, Icel. þusund, þushund, Sw. tusen, Dan. tusind, Goth. þusundi,
Lith. tukstantis, Russ. tuisiacha; of uncertain origin.]

1. The number of ten hundred; a collection or sum consisting of ten
times one hundred units or objects.

2. Hence, indefinitely, a great number.
A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right
hand. Ps. xci. 7.

Note: The word thousand often takes a plural form. See the Note under
Hundred.

3. A symbol representing one thousand units; as, 1,000, M or CI.

THOUSAND
Thou"sand, a.

1. Consisting of ten hundred; being ten times one hundred.

2. Hence, consisting of a great number indefinitely. "Perplexed with
a thousand cares." Shak.

THOUSANDFOLD
Thou"sand*fold`, a.

Defn: Multiplied by a thousand.

THOUSAND LEGS
Thou"sand legs`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A millepid, or galleyworm; -- called also thousand-legged worm.

THOUSANDTH
Thou"sandth, a.

1. Next in order after nine hundred and ninty-nine; coming last of a
thousand successive individuals or units; -- the ordinal of thousand;
as, the thousandth part of a thing.

2. Constituting, or being one of, a thousand equal parts into which
anything is divided; the tenth of a hundredth.

3. Occurring as being one of, or the last one of, a very great
number; very small; minute; -- used hyperbolically; as, to do a thing
for the thousandth time.

THOUSANDTH
Thou"sandth, n.

Defn: The quotient of a unit divided by a thousand; one of a thousand
equal parts into which a unit is divided.

THOWEL; THOWL
Thow"el, Thowl, n. Etym: [See Thole.] (Naut.)
(a) A thole pin.
(b) A rowlock.
I would sit impatiently thinking with what an unusual amount of noise
the oars worked in the thowels. Dickens.

THRACIAN
Thra"cian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Thrace, or its people.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Thrace.

THRACK
Thrack, v. t.

Defn: To load or burden; as, to thrack a man with property. [Obs.]
South.

THRACKSCAT
Thrack"scat, n.

Defn: Metal still in the mine. [Obs.]

THRALDOM
Thral"dom, n. Etym: [Icel. . See Thrall, and -dom.]

Defn: The condition of a thrall; slavery; bondage; state of
servitude. [Written also thralldom.]
Women are born to thraldom and penance And to be under man's
governance. Chaucer.
He shall rule, and she in thraldom live. Dryden.

THRALL
Thrall, n. Etym: [OE. thral, , Icel. , perhaps through AS. ; akin to
Sw. träl, Dan. træl, and probably to AS. to run, Goth. , Gr. dregil,
drigil, a servant.]

1. A slave; a bondman. Chaucer.
Gurth, the born thrall of Cedric. Sir W. Scott.

2. Slavery; bondage; servitude; thraldom. Tennyson.
He still in thrall Of all-subdoing sleep. Chapman.

3. A shelf; a stand for barrels, etc. [Prov. Eng.]

THRALL
Thrall, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a thrall; in the condition of a thrall;
bond; enslaved. [Obs.] Spenser.
The fiend that would make you thrall and bond. Chaucer.

THRALL
Thrall, v. t.

Defn: To enslave. [Obs. or Poetic] Spenser.

THRALLDOM
Thrall"dom, n.

Defn: Thraldom.

THRALL-LESS
Thrall"-less, a.
(a) Having no thralls.
(b) Not enslaved; not subject to bonds.

THRALL-LIKE
Thrall"-like`, a.

Defn: Resembling a thrall, or his condition, feelings, or the like;
slavish.
Servile and thrall-like fear. Milton.

THRANITE
Thra"nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: One of the rowers on the topmost of the three benches in a
trireme.

THRAPPLE
Thrap"ple, n. Etym: [Also thropple, corrupted fr. throttle.]

Defn: Windpipe; throttle. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

THRASH; THRESH
Thrash, Thresh, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thrashed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Thrashing.] Etym: [OE. , , to beat, AS. , ; akin to D. dorschen, OD.
derschen, G. dreschen, OHG. dreskan, Icel. , Sw. tröska, Dan. tærske,
Goth. , Lith. traszketi to rattle, Russ. treskate to burst, crackle,
tresk' a crash, OSlav. troska a stroke of lighting. Cf. Thresh.]

1. To beat out grain from, as straw or husks; to beat the straw or
husk of (grain) with a flail; to beat off, as the kernels of grain;
as, to thrash wheat, rye, or oats; to thrash over the old straw.
The wheat was reaped, thrashed, and winnowed by machines. H. Spencer.

2. To beat soundly, as with a stick or whip; to drub.

THRASH; THRESH
Thrash, Thresh, v. t.

1. To practice thrashing grain or the like; to perform the business
of beating grain from straw; as, a man who thrashes well.

2. Hence, to labor; to toil; also, to move violently.
I rather would be Mævius, thrash for rhymes, Like his, the scorn and
scandal of the times. Dryden.

THRASHEL
Thrash"el, n.

Defn: An instrument to thrash with; a flail. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

THRASHER; THRESHER
Thrash"er, Thresh"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, thrashes grain; a thrashing machine.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large and voracious shark (Alopias vulpes), remarkable for
the great length of the upper lobe of its tail, with which it beats,
or thrashes, its prey. It is found both upon the American and the
European coasts. Called also fox shark, sea ape, sea fox, slasher,
swingle-tail, and thrasher shark.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name given to the brown thrush and other allied species. See
Brown thrush. Sage thrasher. (Zoöl.) See under Sage.
 -- Thrasher whale (Zoöl.), the common killer of the Atlantic.

THRASHING
Thrash"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Thrash, v. Thrashing floor, Threshing-floor, or
Threshing floor, a floor or area on which grain is beaten out.
 -- Thrashing machine, a machine for separating grain from the straw.

THRASONICAL
Thra*son"ic*al, a. Etym: [From Thrso, the name of a braggart soldier
in Terence's "Eunuch:" cf. L. Thrasonianus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Thraso; like, or becoming to, Thraso;
bragging; boastful; vainglorious.
 -- Thra*son"ic*al*ly, adv.
Cæsar's thrasonical brag of 'I came, saw, and overcame.' Shak.

THRASTE
Thraste, v. t. [imp. Thraste; p. p. Thrast.]

Defn: To thrust. [Obs.] Chaucer.

THRAVE
Thrave, n. Etym: [OE. , , Icel. ; akin to Dan. trave; cf. Icel. to
grasp.]

1. Twenty-four (in some places, twelve) sheaves of wheat; a shock, or
stook. [Prov. Eng.]

2. The number of two dozen; also, an indefinite number; a bunch; a
company; a throng. "The worst of a thrave." [Obs.] Landsdowne MS.
He sends forth thraves of ballads to the sale. Bp. Hall.

THRAW
Thraw, n. & v.

Defn: See Throse. [Scot.] Burns.

THREAD
Thread, n. Etym: [OE. threed, , AS. ; akin to D. draad, G. draht
wire, thread, OHG. drat, Icel. a thread, Sw. tråd, Dan. traad, and
AS. to twist. See Throw, and cf. Third.]

1. A very small twist of flax, wool, cotton, silk, or other fibrous
substance, drawn out to considerable length; a compound cord
consisting of two or more single yarns doubled, or joined together,
and twisted.

2. A filament, as of a flower, or of any fibrous substance, as of
bark; also, a line of gold or silver.

3. The prominent part of the spiral of a screw or nut; the rib. See
Screw, n., 1.

4. Fig.: Something continued in a long course or tenor; a,s the
thread of life, or of a discourse. Bp. Burnet.

5. Fig.: Composition; quality; fineness. [Obs.]
A neat courtier, Of a most elegant thread. B. Jonson.
Air thread, the fine white filaments which are seen floating in the
air in summer, the production of spiders; gossamer.
 -- Thread and thrum, the good and bad together. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- Thread cell (Zoöl.), a lasso cell. See under Lasso.
 -- Thread herring (Zoöl.), the gizzard shad. See under Gizzard.
 -- Thread lace, lace made of linen thread.
 -- Thread needle, a game in which children stand in a row, joining
hands, and in which the outer one, still holding his neighbor, runs
between the others; -- called also thread the needle.

THREAD
Thread, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Threaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Threading.]

1. To pass a thread through the eye of; as, to thread a needle.

2. To pass or pierce through as a narrow way; also, to effect or
make, as one's way, through or between obstacles; to thrid.
Heavy trading ships . . . threading the Bosphorus. Mitford.
They would not thread the gates. Shak.

3. To form a thread, or spiral rib, on or in; as, to thread a screw
or nut.

THREADBARE
Thread"bare`, a.

1. Worn to the naked thread; having the nap worn off; threadbare
clothes. "A threadbare cope." Chaucer.

2. Fig.: Worn out; as, a threadbare subject; stale topics and
threadbare quotations. Swift.

THREADBARENESS
Thread"bare`ness, n.

Defn: The state of being threadbare.

THREADEN
Thread"en, a.

Defn: Made of thread; as, threaden sails; a threaden fillet. [Obs.]
Shak.

THREADER
Thread"er, n.

1. A device for assisting in threading a needle.

2. A tool or machine for forming a thread on a screw or in a nut.

THREADFIN
Thread"fin`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of fishes belonging to Polynemus and
allied genera. They have numerous long pectoral filaments.

THREADFISH
Thread"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The cutlass fish.
(b) A carangoid fish (Caranx gallus, or C. crinitus) having the
anterior rays of the soft dorsal and anal fins prolonged in the form
of long threads.

THREADINESS
Thread"i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being thready.

THREAD-SHAPED
Thread"-shaped`, a.

Defn: Having the form of a thread; filiform.

THREADWORM
Thread"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any long, slender nematode worm, especially the pinworm and
filaria.

THREADY
Thread"y, a.

1. Like thread or filaments; slender; as, the thready roots of a
shrub.

2. Containing, or consisting of, thread.

THREAP
Threap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Threaped; p. pr. & vb. n. Threaping.]
Etym: [AS. to reprove.] [Written also threpe, and threip.]

1. To call; to name. [Obs.]

2. To maintain obstinately against denial or contradiction; also, to
contend or argue against (another) with obstinacy; to chide; as, he
threaped me down that it was so. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns.

3. To beat, or thrash. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

4. To cozen, or cheat. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

THREAP
Threap, v. i.

Defn: To contend obstinately; to be pertinacious. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]
It's not for a man with a woman to threap. Percy's Reliques.

THREAP
Threap, n.

Defn: An obstinate decision or determination; a pertinacious
affirmation. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
He was taken a threap that he would have it finished before the year
was done. Carlyle.

THREAT
Threat, n. Etym: [AS. , akin to a to vex, G. verdriessen, OHG.
irdriozan, Icel. to fail, want, lack, Goth. us to vex, to trouble,
Russ. trudite to impose a task, irritate, vex, L. trudere to push.
Cf. Abstruse, Intrude, Obstrude, Protrude.]

Defn: The expression of an intention to inflict evil or injury on
another; the declaration of an evil, loss, or pain to come; meance;
threatening; denunciation.
There is no terror, Cassius, in your threats. Shak.

THREAT
Threat, v. t. & i. Etym: [OE. , AS. . See Threat, n.]

Defn: To threaten. [Obs. or Poetic] Shak.
Of all his threating reck not a mite. Chaucer.
Our dreaded admiral from far they threat. Dryden.

THREATEN
Threat"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Threatened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Threatening.] Etym: [OE. . See Threat, v. t.]

1. To utter threats against; to menace; to inspire with apprehension;
to alarm, or attempt to alarm, as with the promise of something evil
or disagreeable; to warn.
Let us straitly threaten them, that they speak henceforth to no man
in this name. Acts iv. 17.

2. To exhibit the appearance of (something evil or unpleasant) as
approaching; to indicate as impending; to announce the conditional
infliction of; as, to threaten war; to threaten death. Milton.
The skies look grimly And threaten present blusters. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To menace.
 -- Threaten, Menace. Threaten is Anglo-Saxon, and menace is Latin.
As often happens, the former is the more familiar term; the latter is
more employed in formal style. We are threatened with a drought; the
country is menaced with war.
By turns put on the suppliant and the lord: Threatened this moment,
and the next implored. Prior.
Of the sharp ax Regardless, that o'er his devoted head Hangs
menacing. Somerville.

THREATEN
Threat"en, v. i.

Defn: To use threats, or menaces; also, to have a threatening
appearance.
Though the seas threaten, they are merciful. Shak.

THREATENER
Threat"en*er, n.

Defn: One who threatens. Shak.

THREATENING
Threat"en*ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Threaten, v.
 -- Threat"en*ing*ly, adv. Threatening letters (Law), letters
containing threats, especially those designed to extort money, or to
obtain other property, by menaces; blackmailing letters.

THREATFUL
Threat"ful, a.

Defn: Full of threats; having a menacing appearance. Spenser.
 -- Threat"ful*ly, adv.

THREAVE
Threave, n.

Defn: Same as Thrave. [Obs.]

THREE
Three, a. Etym: [OE. þre, þreo, þri, AS. þri, masc., þreó, fem. and
neut.; akin to OFries. thre, OS. thria, threa, D. drie, G. drei, OHG.
dri, Icel. þrir, Dan. & Sw. tre, Goth. þreis, Lith. trys, Ir., Gael.
& W. tri, Russ. tri, L. tres, Gr. trei^s, Skr. tri. *301. Cf. 3d
Drilling, Tern, a., Third, Thirteen, Thirty, Tierce, Trey, Tri-,
Triad, Trinity, Tripod.]

Defn: One more than two; two and one. "I offer thee three things." 2
Sam. xxiv. 12.
Three solemn aisles approach the shrine. Keble.

Note: Three is often joined with other words, forming compounds
signifying divided into, composed of, or containing, three parts,
portions, organs, or the like; as, three-branched, three-capsuled,
three-celled, three-cleft, three-edged, three-foot, three-footed,
three-forked, three-grained, three-headed, three-legged, three-
mouthed, three-nooked, three-petaled, three-pronged, three-ribbed,
three-seeded, three-stringed, three-toed, and the like.

THREE
Three, n.

1. The number greater by a unit than two; three units or objects.

2. A symbol representing three units, as 3 or iii. Rule of three.
(Arith.) See under Rule, n.

THREE-COAT
Three"-coat`, a. (Arch.)

Defn: Having or consisting of three coats; -- applied to plastering
which consists of pricking-up, floating, and a finishing coat; or, as
called in the United States, a scratch coat, browning, and finishing
coat.

THREE-COLOR
Three"-col`or, a.

Defn: Designating, or pert. to, a photomechanical process employing
printings in three colors, as red, yellow, and blue.

THREE-CORNERED
Three"-cor`nered, a.

1. Having three corners, or angles; as, a three-cornered hat.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having three prominent longitudinal angles; as, a three-
cornered stem.

THREE-DECKER
Three"-deck`er, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel of war carrying guns on three decks.

THREE-FLOWERED
Three"-flow`ered, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing three flowers together, or only three flowers.

THREEFOLD
Three"fold`, a. Etym: [OE. þreofald; cf. AS. þrifeald.]

Defn: Consisting of three, or thrice repeated; triple; as, threefold
justice.
A threefold cord is not quickly broken. Eccl. iv. 12.

THREE-HANDED
Three"-hand`ed, a.

Defn: Said of games or contests where three persons play against each
other, or two against one; as, a three-handed game of cards.

THREE-LEAFED; THREE-LEAVED
Three"-leafed`, Three"-leaved`, a. (Bot.)
(a) Producing three leaves; as, three-leaved nightshade.
(b) Consisting of three distinct leaflets; having the leaflets
arranged in threes. Three-leaved nightshade. See Trillium.

THREE-LOBED
Three"-lobed`, a.

Defn: Having three lobes. Three-lobed leaf (Bot.), a leaf divided
into three parts, the sinuses extending not more than half way to the
middle, and either the parts of the sinuses being rounded.

THREE-MILE
Three"-mile`, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to three miles; as, the three-mile limit, or
the limit of the marine belt (the three-mile belt or zone) of three
miles included in territorial waters (which see) of a state.

THREE-NERVED
Three"-nerved`, a.

Defn: Having three nerves. Three-nerved leaf (Bot.), a leaf having
three distinct and prominent ribs, or nerves, extending from the
base.

THREE-PARTED
Three"-part`ed, a.

Defn: Divided into, or consisting of, three parts; tripartite. Three-
parted leaf (Bot.), a leaf divided into three parts down to the base,
but not entirely separate.

THREEPENCE
Three"pence, n.

Defn: A small silver coin of three times the value of a penny. [Eng.]

THREEPENNY
Three"pen*ny, a.

Defn: Costing or worth three pence; hence, worth but little; poor;
mean.

THREE-PILE
Three"-pile`, n.

Defn: An old name for the finest and most costly kind of velvet,
having a fine, thick pile.
I have served Prince Florizel and in my time wore three-pile. Shak.

THREE-PILED
Three"-piled`, a.

1. Having the quality of three-pile; best; most costly. [R.]
Thou art good velvet; thou 'rt three-piled piece. Shak.

2. Fig.: Extravagant; exaggerated; high-flown. "Three-piled
hyperboles." Shak.

3. Accustomed to wearing three-pile; hence, of high rank, or wealth.
[Obs.] "Three-piled people." Beau. & Fl.

THREE-PLY
Three"-ply`, a.

Defn: Consisting of three distinct webs inwrought together in
weaving, as cloth or carpeting; having three strands; threefold.

THREE-POINTED
Three"-point`ed, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having three acute or setigerous points; tricuspidate.

THREE-PORT
Three"-port`, a.

Defn: Having three ports; specif.: Designating a type of two-cycle
internal-combustion engine in which the mixture enters the crank case
through a port uncovered by the piston near the end of its stroke.

THREE-QUARTER
Three"-quar`ter, a. (Paint.)

Defn: Measuring thirty inches by twenty-five; -- said of
portraitures. Three-quarter length, a portrait showing the figure to
the hips only.

THREE-SCORE
Three"-score`, a.

Defn: Thrice twenty; sixty.

THREE-SIDED
Three"-sid`ed, a.

Defn: Having three sides, especially three plane sides; as, a three-
sided stem, leaf, petiole, peduncle, scape, or pericarp.

THREE-SQUARE
Three"-square`, a.

Defn: Having a cross section in the form of an equilateral triangle;
-- said especially of a kind of file.

THREE-TORQUE SYSTEM OF CONTROL
Three"-torque` system of control. (Aëronautics)

Defn: Any system of rudders by which the pilot can exert a turning
moment about each of the three rectangular axes of an aëroplane or
airship.

THREE-VALVED
Three"-valved`, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or having, three valves; opening with three
valves; as, a three-valved pericarp.

THREE-WAY
Three"-way`, a.

Defn: Connected with, or serving to connect, three channels or pipes;
as, a three-way cock or valve.

THRENE
Threne, n. Etym: [L. threnus, Gr. Drone.]

Defn: Lamentation; threnody; a dirge. Shak.
The threns . . . of the prophet Jeremiah. Jer. Taylor.

THRENETIC; THRENETICAL
Thre*net"ic, Thre*net"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Threne.]

Defn: Pertaining to a threne; sorrowful; mournful.

THRENODE
Thren"ode, n.

Defn: A threne, or threnody; a dirge; a funeral song.

THRENODIST
Thren"o*dist, n.

Defn: One who composes, delivers, or utters, a threnode, or threnody.

THRENODY
Thren"o*dy, n. Etym: [Gr. Threne, and Ode.]

Defn: A song of lamentation; a threnode. Sir T. Herbert.

THREPE
Threpe, v. t. Etym: [See Threap.]

Defn: To call; to term. [Obs.] "Luna silver we threpe." Chaucer.

THREPSOLOGY
Threp*sol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Med.)

Defn: The doctrine of nutrition; a treatise on nutrition.

THRESH
Thresh, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Threshed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Threshing.]

Defn: Same as Thrash.
He would thresh, and thereto dike and delve. Chaucer.

THRESHER
Thresh"er, n.

Defn: Same as Thrasher.

THRESH-FOLD
Thresh"-fold`, n.

Defn: Threshold. [Obs.] Chaucer.

THRESHOLD
Thresh"old, n. Etym: [OE. threswold, þreshwold, AS. þrescwald,
þerscwald, þerscold, þrescold, fr. þrescan, þerscan, to thresh; akin
to Icel. þreskjöde, þröskuldr, Sw. tröskel, Dan. tærskel. See
Thrash.]

1. The plank, stone, or piece of timber, which lies under a door,
especially of a dwelling house, church, temple, or the like; the
doorsill; hence, entrance; gate; door.

2. Fig.: The place or point of entering or beginning, entrance;
outset; as, the threshold of life.

THRESHWOLD
Thresh"wold`, n.

Defn: Threshold. [Obs.]

THRESTE
Threste, v. t. [imp. Threste; p. p. & Threst.]

Defn: To thrust. [Obs.] Chaucer.

THRETTEEN
Thret"teen`, a.

Defn: Thirteen. [Obs. or Scot.]

THRETTY
Thret"ty, a.

Defn: Thirty. [Obs. or Scot.] Burns.

THREW
Threw,

Defn: imp. of Throw.

THRIBBLE
Thrib"ble, a.

Defn: Triple; treble; threefold. [Prov. Eng. or Colloq.] Halliwell.

THRICE
Thrice, adv. Etym: [OE. thries; thrie thrice (AS. , ) + -s, the
adverbal suffix. See Three, and -wards.]

1. Three times. "Thrice in vain." Spenser.
Verily I say unto thee. That this night, before the cock crow, thou
shalt deny me thrice. Matt. xxvi. 34.

2. In a threefold manner or degree; repeatedly; very.
Thrice noble lord, let me entreat of you To pardon me. Shak.
Thrice is he armed that hath his quarrel just. Shak.

Note: Thrice is often used, generally with an intensive force, to
form compounds which are usually of obvious meaning; as, in thrice-
blessed, thrice-favored, thrice-hallowed, thrice-happy, thrice-told,
and the like.

THRICECOCK
Thrice"cock`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The missel thrush. [Prov. Eng.]

THRID
Thrid, a.

Defn: Third. [Obs.] Chaucer.

THRID
Thrid, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thridded; p. pr. & vb. n. Thridding.]
Etym: [A variant of thread.]

1. To pass through in the manner of a thread or a needle; to make or
find a course through; to thread.
Some thrid the mazy ringlets of her hair. Pope.
And now he thrids the bramble bush. J. R. Drake.
I began To thrid the musky-circled mazes. Tennyson.

2. To make or effect (a way or course) through something; as, to
thrid one's way through a wood.

THRID
Thrid, n.

Defn: Thread; continuous line. [Archaic]
I resume the thrid of my discourse. Dryden.

THRIFALLOW
Thri"fal`low, v. t.

Defn: See Thryfallow, and Trifallow. [R.] Tusser.

THRIFT
Thrift, n. Etym: [Icel. . See Thrive.]

1. A thriving state; good husbandry; economical management in regard
to property; frugality.
The rest, . . . willing to fall to thrift, prove very good husbands.
Spenser.

2. Success and advance in the acquisition of property; increase of
worldly goods; gain; prosperity. "Your thrift is gone full clean."
Chaucer.
I have a mind presages me such thrift. Shak.

3. Vigorous growth, as of a plant.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: One of several species of flowering plants of the genera
Statice and Armeria. Common thrift (Bot.), Armeria vulgaris; -- also
called sea pink.

Syn.
 -- Frugality; economy; prosperity; gain; profit.

THRIFTILY
Thrift"i*ly, adv.

1. In a thrifty manner.

2. Carefully; properly; becomingly. [Obs.]
A young clerk . . . in Latin thriftily them gret [greeted]. Chaucer.

THRIFTINESS
Thrift"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being thrifty; thrift.

THRIFTLESS
Thrift"less, a.

Defn: Without thrift; not prudent or prosperous in money affairs.
 -- Thrift"less*ly, adv.
 -- Thrift"less*ness, n.

THRIFTY
Thrift"y, a. [Compar. Thriftier; superl. Thriftiest.]

1. Given to, or evincing, thrift; characterized by economy and good
menegement of property; sparing; frugal.
Her chaffer was so thrifty and so new. Chaucer.
I am glad he hath so much youth and vigor left, of which he hath not
been thrifty. Swift.

2. Thriving by industry and frugality; prosperous in the acquisition
of worldly goods; increasing in wealth; as, a thrifty farmer or
mechanic.

3. Growing rapidly or vigorously; thriving; as, a thrifty plant or
colt.

4. Secured by thrift; well husbanded. [R.]
I have five hundred crowns, The thrifty hire I saved under your
father. Shak.

5. Well appearing; looking or being in good condition; becoming.
[Obs.]
I sit at home, I have no thrifty cloth. Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- Frugal; sparing; economical; saving; careful.

THRILL
Thrill, n. Etym: [See Trill.]

Defn: A warbling; a trill.

THRILL
Thrill, n. Etym: [AS. an aperture. See Thrill, v. t.]

Defn: A breathing place or hole; a nostril, as of a bird.

THRILL
Thrill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thrilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Thrilling.]
Etym: [OE. thrillen, , , to pierce; all probably fr. AS. , , Fr.
pierced; as a noun, a hole, fr. through; probably akin to D. drillen
to drill, to bore. *53. See Through, and cf. Drill to bore, Nostril,
Trill to trickle.]

1. To perforate by a pointed instrument; to bore; to transfix; to
drill. [Obs.]
He pierced through his chafed chest With thrilling point of deadly
iron brand. Spenser.

2. Hence, to affect, as if by something that pierces or pricks; to
cause to have a shivering, throbbing, tingling, or exquisite
sensation; to pierce; to penetrate.
To bathe in flery floods, or to reside In thrilling region of thick-
ribbed ice. Shak.
Vivid and picturesque turns of expression which thrill the M. Arnold.
The cruel word her tender heart so thrilled, That sudden cold did run
through every vein. Spenser.

3. To hurl; to throw; to cast. [Obs.]
I'll thrill my javelin. Heywood.

THRILL
Thrill, v. i.

1. To pierce, as something sharp; to penetrate; especially, to cause
a tingling sensation that runs through the system with a slight
shivering; as, a sharp sound thrills through the whole frame.
I have a faint cold fear thrills through my veins. Shak.

2. To feel a sharp, shivering, tingling, or exquisite sensation,
running through the body.
To seek sweet safety out In vaults and prisons, and to thrill and
shake. Shak.

THRILL
Thrill, n.

1. A drill. See 3d Drill, 1.

2. A sensation as of being thrilled; a tremulous excitement; as, a
thrill of horror; a thrill of joy. Burns.

THRILLANT
Thrill"ant, a.

Defn: Piercing; sharp; thrilling. [Obs.] "His thrillant spear."
Spenser.

THRILLING
Thrill"ing, a.

Defn: Causing a thrill; causing tremulous excitement; deeply moving;
as, a thrilling romance.
 -- Thrill"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Thrill"ing*ness, n.

THRING
Thring, v. t. & i. [imp. Throng.] Etym: [AS. . See Throng.]

Defn: To press, crowd, or throng. [Obs.] Chaucer.

THRIPS
Thrips, n. Etym: [L., a woodworm, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous small species of Thysanoptera, especially
those which attack useful plants, as the grain thrips (Thrips
cerealium).

Note: The term is also popularly applied to various other small
injurious insects.

THRIST
Thrist, n.

Defn: Thrist. [Obs.] Spenser.

THRITTENE
Thrit"tene`, a.

Defn: Thirteen. [Obs.] Chaucer.

THRIVE
Thrive, v. i. [imp. Throve or Thrived (; p. p. Thrived or Thriven (;
p. pr. & vb. n. Thriving.] Etym: [OE. , Icel. ; probably originally,
to grasp for one's self, from to grasp; akin to Dan. trives to
thrive, Sw. trifvas. Cf. Thrift.]

1. To posper by industry, economy, and good management of property;
to increase in goods and estate; as, a farmer thrives by good
husbandry.
Diligence and humility is the way to thrive in the riches of the
understanding, as well as in gold. I. Watts.

2. To prosper in any business; to have increase or success. "They by
vices thrive." Sandys.
O son, why sit we here, each other viewing Idly, while Satan, our
great author, thrives Milton.
And so she throve and prospered. Tennyson.

3. To increase in bulk or stature; to grow vigorously or luxuriantly,
as a plant; to flourish; as, young cattle thrive in rich pastures;
trees thrive in a good soil.

THRIVEN
Thriv"en,

Defn: p. p. of Thrive.

THRIVER
Thriv"er, n.

Defn: One who thrives, or prospers.

THRIVINGLY
Thriv"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a thriving manner.

THRIVINGNESS
Thriv"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of one who thrives; prosperity;
growth; increase.

THRO'
Thro'.

Defn: A contraction of Through.

THROAT
Throat, n. Etym: [OE. throte, AS. , ; akin to OHG. drozza, G.
drossel; cf. OFries. & D. stort. Cf. Throttle.]

1. (Anat.)
(a) The part of the neck in front of, or ventral to, the vertebral
column.
(b) Hence, the passage through it to the stomach and lungs; the
pharynx; -- sometimes restricted to the fauces.
I can vent clamor from my throat. Shak.

2. A contracted portion of a vessel, or of a passage way; as, the
throat of a pitcher or vase.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: The part of a chimney between the gathering, or portion of the
funnel which contracts in ascending, and the flue. Gwilt.

4. (Naut.)
(a) The upper fore corner of a boom-and-gaff sail, or of a staysail.
(b) That end of a gaff which is next the mast.
(c) The angle where the arm of an anchor is joined to the shank.
Totten.

5. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: The inside of a timber knee.

6. (Bot.)

Defn: The orifice of a tubular organ; the outer end of the tube of a
monopetalous corolla; the faux, or fauces. Throat brails (Naut.),
brails attached to the gaff close to the mast.
 -- Throat halyards (Naut.), halyards that raise the throat of the
gaff.
 -- Throat pipe (Anat.), the windpipe, or trachea.
 -- To give one the lie in his throat, to accuse one pointedly of
lying abominably.
 -- To lie in one's throat, to lie flatly or abominably.

THROAT
Throat, v. t.

1. To utter in the throat; to mutter; as, to throat threats. [Obs.]
Chapman.

2. To mow, as beans, in a direction against their bending. [Prov.
Eng.]

THROATBAND
Throat"band`, n.

Defn: Same as Throatlatch.

THROATBOLL
Throat"boll`, n. Etym: [Throat + boll a ball.]

Defn: The Adam's apple in the neck. [Obs. or R.]
By the throatboll he caught Aleyn. Chaucer.

THROATING
Throat"ing, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A drip, or drip molding.

THROATLATCH
Throat"latch`, n.

Defn: A strap of a bridle, halter, or the like, passing under a
horse's throat.

THROATWORT
Throat"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Campanula Trachelium) formerly considered a remedy for
sore throats because of its throat-shaped corolla.

THROATY
Throat"y, a.

Defn: Guttural; hoarse; having a guttural voice. "Hard, throaty
words." Howell.

THROB
Throb, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Throbbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Throbbing.]
Etym: [OE. ; of uncertain origin; cf. Russ. trepete a trembling, and
E. trepidation.]

Defn: To beat, or pulsate, with more than usual force or rapidity; to
beat in consequence of agitation; to palpitate; -- said of the heart,
pulse, etc.
My heart Throbs to know one thing. Shak.
Here may his head lie on my throbbing breast. Shak.

THROB
Throb, n.

Defn: A beat, or strong pulsation, as of the heart and arteries; a
violent beating; a papitation:
The IMPATIENT throbs and longings of a soul That pants and reaches
after distant good. Addison.

THRODDEN
Throd"den, v. i. Etym: [Prov. E. throdden, throddle, fat, thriving;
cf. Icel. throask to grow.]

Defn: To grow; to thrive. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

THROE
Throe, n. Etym: [OE. , , AS. a threatening, oppression, suffering,
perhaps influenced by Icel. a throe, a pang, a longing; cf. AS. to
suffer.]

1. Extreme pain; violent pang; anguish; agony; especially, one of the
pangs of travail in childbirth, or purturition.
Prodogious motion felt, and rueful throes. Milton.

2. A tool for splitting wood into shingles; a frow.

THROE
Throe, v. i.

Defn: To struggle in extreme pain; to be in agony; to agonize.

THROE
Throe, v. t.

Defn: To put in agony. [R.] Shak.

THROMBIN
Throm"bin, n. [See Thrombus.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The fibrin ferment which produces the formation of fibrin from
fibrinogen.

THROMBOSIS
Throm*bo"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Thrombus.] (Med.)

Defn: The obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot formed at the site
of obstruction; -- distinguished from embolism, which is produced by
a clot or foreign body brought from a distance.
 -- Throm*bot"ic, a.

THROMBUS
Throm"bus, n.; pl. Thrombi. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
(a) A clot of blood formed of a passage of a vessel and remaining at
the site of coagulation.
(b) A tumor produced by the escape of blood into the subcutaneous
cellular tissue.

THRONE
Throne, n. Etym: [OE. trone, F. trône, L. thronus, Gr. dharansa
supporting, dhrs to hold fast, carry, and E. firm, a.]

1. A chair of state, commonly a royal seat, but sometimes the seat of
a prince, bishop, or other high dignitary.
The noble king is set up in his throne. Chaucer.
High on a throne of royal state. Milton.

2. Hence, sovereign power and dignity; also, the one who occupies a
throne, or is invested with sovereign authority; an exalted or
dignified personage.
Only in the throne will I be greater than thou. Gen. xli. 40.
To mold a mighty state's decrees, And shape the whisper of the
throne. Tennyson.

3. pl.

Defn: A high order of angels in the celestial hierarchy; -- a meaning
given by the schoolmen. Milton.
Great Sire! whom thrones celestial ceaseless sing. Young.

THRONE
Throne, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Throned; p. pr. & vb. n. Throning.]

1. To place on a royal seat; to enthrone. Shak.

2. To place in an elevated position; to give sovereignty or dominion
to; to exalt.
True image of the Father, whether throned In the bosom of bliss, and
light of light. Milton.

THRONE
Throne, v. i.

Defn: To be in, or sit upon, a throne; to be placed as if upon a
throne. Shak.

THRONELESS
Throne"less, a.

Defn: Having no throne.

THRONG
Throng, n. Etym: [OE. þrong, þrang, AS. geþrang, fr. þringan to
crowd, to press; akin to OS. thringan, D. & G. dringen, OHG. dringan,
Icel. þryngva, þröngva, Goth. þriehan, D. & G. drang a throng, press,
Icel. þröng a throng, Lith. trenkti to jolt, tranksmas a tumult. Cf.
Thring.]

1. A multitude of persons or of living beings pressing or pressed
into a close body or assemblage; a crowd.

2. A great multitude; as, the heavenly throng.

Syn.
 -- Throng, Multitude, Crowd. Any great number of persons form a
multitude; a throng is a large number of persons who are gathered or
are moving together in a collective body; a crowd is composed of a
large or small number of persons who press together so as to bring
their bodies into immediate or inconvenient contact. A dispersed
multitude; the throngs in the streets of a city; the crowd at a fair
or a street fight. But these distinctions are not carefully observed.
So, with this bold opposer rushes on This many-headed monster,
multitude. Daniel.
Not to know me argues yourselves unknown, The lowest of your throng.
Milton.
I come from empty noise, and tasteless pomp, From crowds that hide a
monarch from himself. Johnson.

THRONG
Throng, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Thronged; p. pr. & vb. n. Thronging.]

Defn: To crowd together; to press together into a close body, as a
multitude of persons; to gather or move in multitudes.
I have seen the dumb men throng to see him. Shak.

THRONG
Throng, v. t.

1. To crowd, or press, as persons; to oppress or annoy with a crowd
of living beings.
Much people followed him, and thronged him. Mark v. 24.

2. To crowd into; to fill closely by crowding or pressing into, as a
hall or a street. Shak.

THRONG
Throng, a.

Defn: Thronged; crowded; also, much occupied; busy. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.] Bp. Sanderson.
To the intent the sick . . . should not lie too throng. Robynson
(More's Utopia).

THRONGLY
Throng"ly, adv.

Defn: In throngs or crowds. [Obs.]

THROP
Throp, n.

Defn: A thorp. [Obs.] Chaucer.

THROPPLE
Throp"ple, n. Etym: [Cf. Thrapple, and see Throttle.]

Defn: The windpipe. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

THROPPLE
Throp"ple, v. t.

Defn: To throttle. [Prov. Eng.]

THROSTLE
Thros"tle, n. Etym: [OE. throsel, AS. , ; akin to MHG. trostel, G.
drossel, Icel. , Sw. trast, Lith. strazdas, L. turdus. *238. Cf.
Thrush the bird.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The song thrush. See under Song.

2. A machine for spinning wool, cotton, etc., from the rove,
consisting of a set of drawing rollers with bobbins and flyers, and
differing from the mule in having the twisting apparatus stationary
and the processes continuous; -- so called because it makes a singing
noise. Throstle cock, the missel thrush. [Prov. Eng.]

THROSTLING
Thros"tling, n. Etym: [Cf. Throttle.]

Defn: A disease of bovine cattle, consisting of a swelling under the
throat, which, unless checked, causes strangulation.

THROTTLE
Throt"tle, n. Etym: [Dim. of throat. See Throat.]

1. The windpipe, or trachea; the weasand. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Steam Engine)

Defn: The throttle valve. Throttle lever (Steam Engine), the hand
lever by which a throttle valve is moved, especially in a locomotive.
 -- Throttle valve (Steam Engine), a valve moved by hand or by a
governor for regulating the supply of steam to the steam chest. In
one form it consists of a disk turning on a transverse axis.

THROTTLE
Throt"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Throttled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Throttling.]

1. To compress the throat of; to choke; to strangle.
Grant him this, and the Parliament hath no more freedom than if it
sat in his noose, which, when he pleases to draw together with one
twitch of his negative, shall throttle a whole nation, to the wish of
Caligula, in one neck. Milton.

2. To utter with breaks and interruption, in the manner of a person
half suffocated. [R.]
Throttle their practiced accent in their fears. Shak.

3. To shut off, or reduce flow of, as steam to an engine.

THROTTLE
Throt"tle, v. i.

1. To have the throat obstructed so as to be in danger of
suffocation; to choke; to suffocate.

2. To breathe hard, as when nearly suffocated.

THROTTLER
Throt"tler, n.

1. One who, or that which, throttles, or chokes.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Flasher, 3 (b). [Prov. Eng.]

THROUGH
Through, prep. Etym: [OE. thurgh, , , , AS. ; akin to OS. thurh,
thuru, OFries. thruch, D. door, OHG. durh, duruh, G. durch, Goth. ;
cf. Ir. tri, tre, W. trwy. *53. Cf. Nostril, Thorough, Thrill.]

1. From end to end of, or from side to side of; from one surface or
limit of, to the opposite; into and out of at the opposite, or at
another, point; as, to bore through a piece of timber, or through a
board; a ball passes through the side of a ship.

2. Between the sides or walls of; within; as, to pass through a door;
to go through an avenue.
Through the gate of ivory he dismissed His valiant offspring. Dryden.

3. By means of; by the agency of.
Through these hands this science has passed with great applause. Sir
W. Temple.
Material things are presented only through their senses. Cheyne.

4. Over the whole surface or extent of; as, to ride through the
country; to look through an account.

5. Among or in the midst of; -- used to denote passage; as, a fish
swims through the water; the light glimmers through a thicket.

6. From the beginning to the end of; to the end or conclusion of; as,
through life; through the year.

THROUGH
Through, adv.

1. From one end or side to the other; as, to pierce a thing through.

2. From beginning to end; as, to read a letter through.

3. To the end; to a conclusion; to the ultimate purpose; as, to carry
a project through.

Note: Through was formerly used to form compound adjectives where we
now use thorough; as, through-bred; through-lighted; through-placed,
etc. To drop through, to fall through; to come to naught; to fail.
 -- To fall through. See under Fall, v. i.

THROUGH
Through, a.

Defn: Going or extending through; going, extending, or serving from
the beginning to the end; thorough; complete; as, a through line; a
through ticket; a through train. Also, admitting of passage through;
as, a through bridge. Through bolt, a bolt which passes through all
the thickness or layers of that which it fastens, or in which it is
fixed.
 -- Through bridge, a bridge in which the floor is supported by the
lower chords of the tissues instead of the upper, so that travel is
between the trusses and not over them. Cf. Deck bridge, under Deck.
 -- Through cold, a deep-seated cold. [Obs.] Holland.
 -- Through stone, a flat gravestone. [Scot.] [Written also through
stane.] Sir W. Scott.
 -- Through ticket, a ticket for the whole journey.
 -- Through train, a train which goes the whole length of a railway,
or of a long route.

THROUGHLY
Through"ly, adv.

Defn: Thoroughly. [Obs.] Bacon.
Wash me throughly from mine iniquity. Ps. li. 2.
To dare in fields is valor; but how few Dare to be throughly valiant
to be true Dryden.

THROUGHOUT
Through*out", prep.

Defn: Quite through; from one extremity to the other of; also, every
part of; as, to search throughout the house.
Nor to their idle orbs doth sight appear Of sun, or moon, or star,
throughout the year. Milton.

THROUGHOUT
Through*out", adv.

Defn: In every part; as, the cloth was of a piece throughout.

THROVE
Throve,

Defn: imp. of Thrive.

THROW
Throw, n. Etym: [See Throe.]

Defn: Pain; especially, pain of travail; throe. [Obs.] Spenser.
Dryden.

THROW
Throw, n. Etym: [AS. , .]

Defn: Time; while; space of time; moment; trice. [Obs.] Shak.
I will with Thomas speak a little throw. Chaucer.

THROW
Throw, v. t. [imp. Threw; p. p. Thrown; p. pr. & vb. n. Throwing.]
Etym: [OE. , , to throw, to twist, AS. to twist, to whirl; akin to D.
draaijen, G. drehen, OHG. drajan, L. terebra an auger, gimlet, Gr.
Thread, Trite, Turn, v. t.]

1. To fling, cast, or hurl with a certain whirling motion of the arm,
to throw a ball; -- distinguished from to toss, or to bowl.

2. To fling or cast in any manner; to drive to a distance from the
hand or from an engine; to propel; to send; as, to throw stones or
dust with the hand; a cannon throws a ball; a fire engine throws a
stream of water to extinguish flames.

3. To drive by violence; as, a vessel or sailors may be thrown upon a
rock.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: To cause to take a strategic position; as, he threw a
detachment of his army across the river.

5. To overturn; to prostrate in wrestling; as, a man throws his
antagonist.

6. To cast, as dice; to venture at dice.
Set less than thou throwest. Shak.

7. To put on hastily; to spread carelessly.
O'er his fair limbs a flowery vest he threw. Pope.

8. To divest or strip one's self of; to put off.
There the snake throws her enameled skin. Shak.

9. (Pottery)

Defn: To form or shape roughly on a throwing engine, or potter's
wheel, as earthen vessels.

10. To give forcible utterance to; to cast; to vent.
I have thrown A brave defiance in King Henry's teeth. Shak.

11. To bring forth; to produce, as young; to bear; -- said especially
of rabbits.

12. To twist two or more filaments of, as silk, so as to form one
thread; to twist together, as singles, in a direction contrary to the
twist of the singles themselves; -- sometimes applied to the whole
class of operations by which silk is prepared for the weaver.
Tomlinson. To throw away. (a) To lose by neglect or folly; to spend
in vain; to bestow without a compensation; as, to throw away time; to
throw away money. (b) To reject; as, to throw away a good book, or a
good offer.
 -- To throw back. (a) To retort; to cast back, as a reply. (b) To
reject; to refuse. (c) To reflect, as light.
 -- To throw by, to lay aside; to discard; to neglect as useless; as,
to throw by a garment.
 -- To throw down, to subvert; to overthrow; to destroy; as, to throw
down a fence or wall.
 -- To throw in. (a) To inject, as a fluid. (b) To put in; to deposit
with others; to contribute; as, to throw in a few dollars to help
make up a fund; to throw in an occasional comment. (c) To add without
enumeration or valuation, as something extra to clinch a bargain.
 -- To throw off. (a) To expel; to free one's self from; as, to throw
off a disease. (b) To reject; to discard; to abandon; as, to throw
off all sense of shame; to throw off a dependent. (c) To make a start
in a hunt or race. [Eng.](e) To disconcert or confuse. Same as to
throw out (f).
 -- To throw on, to cast on; to load.
 -- To throw one's self down, to lie down neglectively or suddenly.
 -- To throw one's self on or upon. (a) To fall upon. (b) To resign
one's self to the favor, clemency, or sustain power of (another); to
repose upon.
 -- To throw out. (a) To cast out; to reject or discard; to expel.
"The other two, whom they had thrown out, they were content should
enjoy their exile." Swift. "The bill was thrown out." Swift. (b) To
utter; to give utterance to; to speak; as, to throw out insinuation
or observation. "She throws out thrilling shrieks." Spenser. (c) To
distance; to leave behind. Addison. (d) To cause to project; as, to
throw out a pier or an abutment. (e) To give forth; to emit; as, an
electric lamp throws out a brilliant light. (f) To put out; to
confuse; as, a sudden question often throws out an orator.
 -- To throw over, to abandon the cause of; to desert; to discard;
as, to throw over a friend in difficulties.
 -- To throw up. (a) To resign; to give up; to demit; as, to throw up
a commission. "Experienced gamesters throw up their cards when they
know that the game is in the enemy's hand." Addison. (b) To reject
from the stomach; to vomit. (c) To construct hastily; as, to throw up
a breastwork of earth.

THROW
Throw, v. i.

Defn: To perform the act of throwing or casting; to cast;
specifically, to cast dice. To throw about, to cast about; to try
expedients. [R.]

THROW
Throw, n.

1. The act of hurling or flinging; a driving or propelling from the
hand or an engine; a cast.
He heaved a stone, and, rising to the throw, He sent it in a
whirlwind at the foe. Addison.

2. A stroke; a blow. [Obs.]
Nor shield defend the thunder of his throws. Spenser.

3. The distance which a missile is, or may be, thrown; as, a stone's
throw.

4. A cast of dice; the manner in which dice fall when cast; as, a
good throw.

5. An effort; a violent sally. [Obs.]
Your youth admires The throws and swellings of a Roman soul. Addison.

6. (Mach.)

Defn: The extreme movement given to a sliding or vibrating
reciprocating piece by a cam, crank, eccentric, or the like; travel;
stroke; as, the throw of a slide valve. Also, frequently, the length
of the radius of a crank, or the eccentricity of an eccentric; as,
the throw of the crank of a steam engine is equal to half the stroke
of the piston.

7. (Pottery)

Defn: A potter's wheel or table; a jigger. See 2d Jigger, 2 (a).

8. A turner's lathe; a throwe. [Prov. Eng.]

9. (Mining)

Defn: The amount of vertical displacement produced by a fault; --
according to the direction it is designated as an upthrow, or a
downthrow.

THROW-CROOK
Throw"-crook`, n. (Agric.)

Defn: An instrument used for twisting ropes out of straw.

THROWE
Throwe, n.

Defn: A turning lathe. [Prov. Eng.]

THROWER
Throw"er, n.

Defn: One who throws. Specifically: (a) One who throws or twists
silk; a throwster. (b) One who shapes vessels on a throwing engine.

THROWING
Throw"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Throw, v. Throwing engine, Throwing mill, Throwing
table, or Throwing wheel (Pottery), a machine on which earthenware is
first rudely shaped by the hand of the potter from a mass of clay
revolving rapidly on a disk or table carried by a vertical spindle; a
potter's wheel.

THROWING STICK
Throw"ing stick`. (Anthropol.)

Defn: An instrument used by various savage races for throwing a
spear; -- called also throw stick and spear thrower. One end of the
stick receives the butt of the spear, as upon a hook or thong, and
the other end is grasped with the hand, which also holds the spear,
toward the middle, above it with the finger and thumb, the effect
being to bring the place of support nearer the center of the spear,
and practically lengthen the arm in the act of throwing.

THROWN
Thrown,

Defn: a. & p. p. from Throw, v. Thrown silk, silk thread consisting
of two or more singles twisted together like a rope, in a direction
contrary to that in which the singles of which it is composed are
twisted. M'Culloch.
 -- Thrown singles, silk thread or cord made by three processes of
twisting, first into singles, two or more of which are twisted
together making dumb singles, and several of these twisted together
to make thrown singles.

THROW-OFF
Throw"-off`, n.

Defn: A start in a hunt or a race. [Eng.]

THROWSTER
Throw"ster, n. Etym: [Throw + -ster.]

Defn: One who throws or twists silk; a thrower.

THRU
Thru, prep., adv. & a.

Defn: Through. [Ref. spelling.]

THRUM
Thrum, n. Etym: [OE. thrum, throm; akin to OD. drom, D. dreum, G.
trumm, lump, end, fragment, OHG. drum end, Icel. edge, brim, and L.
terminus a limit, term. Cf. Term.] [Written also thrumb.]

1. One of the ends of weaver's threads; hence, any soft, short
threads or tufts resembling these.

2. Any coarse yarn; an unraveled strand of rope.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A threadlike part of a flower; a stamen.

4. (Mining)

Defn: A shove out of place; a small displacement or fault along a
seam.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: A mat made of canvas and tufts of yarn. Thrum cap, a knitted
cap. Halliwell.
 -- Thrum hat, a hat made of coarse woolen cloth. Minsheu.

THRUM
Thrum, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thrummed; p. pr. & vb. n. Thrumming.]

1. To furnish with thrums; to insert tufts in; to fringe.
Are we born to thrum caps or pick straw Quarles.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To insert short pieces of rope-yarn or spun yarn in; as, to
thrum a piece of canvas, or a mat, thus making a rough or tufted
surface. Totten.

THRUM
Thrum, v. i. Etym: [CF. Icel. to rattle, to thunder, and E. drum.]

1. To play rudely or monotonously on a stringed instrument with the
fingers; to strum.

2. Hence, to make a monotonous drumming noise; as, to thrum on a
table.

THRUM
Thrum, v. t.

1. To play, as a stringed instrument, in a rude or monotonous manner.

2. Hence, to drum on; to strike in a monotonous manner; to thrum the
table.

THRUM-EYED
Thrum"-eyed`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the anthers raised above the stigma, and visible at the
throat of the corolla, as in long-stamened primroses; -- the reverse
of pin-eyed.

THRUMMY
Thrum"my, a.

Defn: Like thrums; made of, furnished with, or characterized by,
thrums. Dampier.
On her head thrummy cap she had. Chalkhill.

THRUMWORT
Thrum"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of amaranth (Amarantus caudatus). Dr. Prior.

THRUOUT
Thru*out".

Defn: Throughout. [Ref. spelling.]

THRUSH
Thrush, n. Etym: [OE. þrusche, AS. þrysce; akin to OHG. drosca,
droscea, droscela, and E. throstle. Cf. Throstle.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of singing birds belonging to
Turdus and allied genera. They are noted for the sweetness of their
songs.

Note: Among the best-known European species are the song thrush or
throstle (Turdus musicus), the missel thrush (see under Missel), the
European redwing, and the blackbird. The most important American
species are the wood thrush (Turdus mustelinus), Wilson's thrush (T.
fuscescens), the hermit thrush (see under Hermit), Swainson's thrush
(T. Aliciæ), and the migratory thrush, or American robin (see Robin).

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of singing birds more or less
resembling the true thrushes in appearance or habits; as the
thunderbird and the American brown thrush (or thrasher). See Brown
thrush. Ant thrush. See Ant thrush, Breve, and Pitta.
 -- Babbling thrush, any one of numerous species of Asiatic timaline
birds; -- called also babbler.
 -- Fruit thrush, any species of bulbul.
 -- Shrike thrush. See under Shrike.
 -- Stone thrush, the missel thrush; -- said to be so called from its
marbled breast.
 -- Thrush nightingale. See Nightingale, 2.
 -- Thrush tit, any one of several species of Asiatic singing birds
of the genus Cochoa. They are beautifully colored birds allied to the
tits, but resembling thrushes in size and habits.
 -- Water thrush. (a) The European dipper. (b) An American warbler
(Seiurus Noveboracensis).

THRUSH
Thrush, n. Etym: [Akin to Dan. tröske, Sw. trosk; cf. Dan. tör dry,
Sw. torr, Icel. , AS. , OE. thrust thrist, E. thrist.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: An affection of the mouth, fauces, etc., common in newly born
children, characterized by minute ulcers called aphthæ. See Aphthæ.

2. (Far.)

Defn: An inflammatory and suppurative affection of the feet in
certain animals. In the horse it is in the frog.

THRUSHEL
Thrush"el, n.

Defn: The song thrush. [Prov. Eng.]

THRUSHER
Thrush"er, n.

Defn: The song thrush. [Prov. Eng.]

THRUST
Thrust, n. & v.

Defn: Thrist. [Obs.] Spenser.

THRUST
Thrust, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thrust; p. pr. & vb. n. Thrusting.] Etym:
[OE. , , , Icel. to thrust, press, force, compel; perhaps akin to E.
threat.]

1. To push or drive with force; to drive, force, or impel; to shove;
as, to thrust anything with the hand or foot, or with an instrument.
Into a dungeon thrust, to work with slaves. Milton.

2. To stab; to pierce; -- usually with through. To thrust away or
from, to push away; to reject.
 -- To thrust in, to push or drive in.
 -- To thrust off, to push away.
 -- To thrust on, to impel; to urge.
 -- To thrust one's self in or into, to obtrude upon, to intrude, as
into a room; to enter (a place) where one is not invited or not
welcome.
 -- To thrust out, to drive out or away; to expel.
 -- To thrust through, to pierce; to stab. "I am eight times thrust
through the doublet." Shak.
 -- To thrust together, to compress.

THRUST
Thrust, v. i.

1. To make a push; to attack with a pointed weapon; as, a fencer
thrusts at his antagonist.

2. To enter by pushing; to squeeze in.
And thrust between my father and the god. Dryden.

3. To push forward; to come with force; to press on; to intrude.
"Young, old, thrust there in mighty concourse." Chapman. To thrust
to, to rush upon. [Obs.]
As doth an eager hound Thrust to an hind within some covert glade.
Spenser.

THRUST
Thrust, n.

1. A violent push or driving, as with a pointed weapon moved in the
direction of its length, or with the hand or foot, or with any
instrument; a stab; -- a word much used as a term of fencing.
[Polites] Pyrrhus with his lance pursues, And often reaches, and his
thrusts renews. Dryden.

2. An attack; an assault.
One thrust at your pure, pretended mechanism. Dr. H. More.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: The force or pressure of one part of a construction against
other parts; especially (Arch.), a horizontal or diagonal outward
pressure, as of an arch against its abutments, or of rafters against
the wall which support them.

4. (Mining)

Defn: The breaking down of the roof of a gallery under its
superincumbent weight. Thrust bearing (Screw Steamers), a bearing
arranged to receive the thrust or endwise pressure of the screw
shaft.
 -- Thrust plane (Geol.), the surface along which dislocation has
taken place in the case of a reversed fault.

Syn.
 -- Push; shove; assault; attack. Thrust, Push, Shove. Push and shove
usually imply the application of force by a body already in contact
with the body to be impelled. Thrust, often, but not always, implies
the impulse or application of force by a body which is in motion
before it reaches the body to be impelled.

THRUSTER
Thrust"er, n.

Defn: One who thrusts or stabs.

THRUSTING
Thrust"ing, n.

1. The act of pushing with force.

2. (Dairies)
(a) The act of squeezing curd with the hand, to expel the whey. (b)
pl.

Defn: The white whey, or that which is last pressed out of the curd
by the hand, and of which butter is sometimes made. [Written also
thrutchthings.] [Prov. Eng.] Thrusting screw, the screw of a screw
press, as for pressing curd in making cheese. [R.]

THRUSTLE
Thrus"tle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The throstle, or song thrust. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
When he heard the thrustel sing. Chaucer.

THRYES
Thryes, a.

Defn: Thrice. [Obs.] Chaucer.

THRYFALLOW
Thry"fal`low, v. t. Etym: [Perhaps fr. thrice + fallow. Cf.
Trifallow.]

Defn: To plow for the third time in summer; to trifallow. [R.]
[Written also thrifallow.] Tusser.

THUD
Thud, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. a whirlwind, violent wind, or E. thump.]

Defn: A dull sound without resonance, like that produced by striking
with, or striking against, some comparatively soft substance; also,
the stroke or blow producing such sound; as, the thrud of a cannon
ball striking the earth.
At every new thud of the blast, a sob arose. Jeffrey.
At intervals there came some tremendous thud on the side of the
steamer. C. Mackay.

THUG
Thug, n. Etym: [Hind. thag a deceiver, robber.]

Defn: One of an association of robbers and murderers in India who
practiced murder by stealthy approaches, and from religious motives.
They have been nearly exterminated by the British government.

THUGGEE
Thug*gee", n. Etym: [Hind. .]

Defn: The practice of secret or stealthy murder by Thugs. "One of the
suppressors of Thuggee." J. D. Hooker.

THUGGERY; THUGGISM
Thug"ger*y, Thug"gism, n.

Defn: Thuggee.

THUJA
Thu"ja, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of evergreen trees, thickly branched, remarkable for
the distichous arrangement of their branches, and having scalelike,
closely imbricated, or compressed leaves. [Written also thuya.] See
Thyine wood.

Note: Thuja occidentalis is the Arbor vitæ of the Eastern and
Northern United States. T. gigantea of North-waetern America is a
very large tree, there called red cedar, and canoe cedar, and
furnishes a useful timber.

THULE
Thu"le, n. Etym: [L. Thule, Thyle, Gr.

Defn: The name given by ancient geographers to the northernmost part
of the habitable world. According to some, this land was Norway,
according to others, Iceland, or more probably Mainland, the largest
of the Shetland islands; hence, the Latin phrase ultima Thule,
farthest Thule.

THULIA
Thu"li*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: Oxide of thulium.

THULIUM
Thu"li*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Thule.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element of uncertain properties and identity,
said to have been found in the mineral gadolinite.

THUMB
Thumb, n. Etym: [OE. thombe, thoumbe, , AS. ; akin to OFries. th, D.
duim, G. daumen, OHG. d, Icel. , Dan. tommelfinger, Sw. tunne, and
perhaps to L. tumere to swell. *56. Cf. Thimble, Tumid.]

Defn: The short, thick first digit of the human hand, differing from
the other fingers in having but two phalanges; the pollex. See
Pollex.
Upon his thumb he had of gold a ring. Chaucer.
Thumb band, a twist of anything as thick as the thumb. Mortimer.
 -- Thumb blue, indigo in the form of small balls or lumps, used by
washerwomen to blue linen, and the like.
 -- Thumb latch, a door latch having a lever formed to be pressed by
the thumb.
 -- Thumb mark. (a) The mark left by the impression of a thumb, as on
the leaves of a book. Longfellow. (b) The dark spot over each foot in
finely bred black and tan terriers.
 -- Thumb nut, a nut for a screw, having wings to grasp between the
thumb and fingers in turning it; also, a nut with a knurled rim for
the same perpose.
 -- Thumb ring, a ring worn on the thumb. Shak.
 -- Thumb stall. (a) A kind of thimble or ferrule of iron, or
leather, for protecting the thumb in making sails, and in other work.
(b) (Mil.) A buckskin cushion worn on the thumb, and used to close
the vent of a cannon while it is sponged, or loaded.
 -- Under one's thumb, completely under one's power or influence; in
a condition of subservience. [Colloq.]

THUMB
Thumb, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thumbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Thumbing.]

1. To handle awkwardly. Johnson.

2. To play with the thumbs, or with the thumbs and fingers; as, to
thumb over a tune.

3. To soil or wear with the thumb or the fingers; to soil, or wear
out, by frequent handling; also, to cover with the thumb; as, to
thumb the touch-hole of a cannon.
He gravely informed the enemy that all his cards had been thumbed to
pieces, and begged them to let him have a few more packs. Macaulay.

THUMB
Thumb, v. i.

Defn: To play with the thumb or thumbs; to play clumsily; to thrum.

THUMBBIRD
Thumb"bird`, n.

Defn: The goldcrest. [Prov. Eng.]

THUMBED
Thumbed, a.

1. Having thumbs.

2. Soiled by handling.

THUMBKIN
Thumb"kin, n.

Defn: An instrument of torture for compressing the thumb; a
thumbscrew.

THUMBLESS
Thumb"less, a.

Defn: Without a thumb. Darwin.

THUMBSCREW
Thumb"screw`, n.

1. A screw having a flat-sided or knurled head, so that it may be
turned by the thumb and forefinger.

2. An old instrument of torture for compressing the thumb by a screw;
a thumbkin.

THUMMIE
Thum"mie, n.

Defn: The chiff-chaff. [Prov. Eng.]

THUMMIM
Thum"mim, n. pl. Etym: [Heb., pl. of thom perfection.]

Defn: A mysterious part or decoration of the breastplate of the
Jewish high priest. See the note under Urim.

THUMP
Thump, n. Etym: [Probably of imitative origin; perhaps influenced by
dump, v.t.]

1. The sound made by the sudden fall or blow of a heavy body, as of a
hammer, or the like.
The distant forge's swinging thump profound. Wordsworth.
With heavy thump, a lifeless lump, They dropped down, one by one.
Coleridge.

2. A blow or knock, as with something blunt or heavy; a heavy fall.
The watchman gave so great a thump at my door, that I awaked at the
knock. Tatler.

THUMP
Thump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Thumping.]

Defn: To strike or beat with something thick or heavy, or so as to
cause a dull sound.
These bastard Bretons; whom our hathers Have in their own land
beaten, bobbed, and thumped. Shak.

THUMP
Thump, v. i.

Defn: To give a thump or thumps; to strike or fall with a heavy blow;
to pound.
A watchman at midnight thumps with his pole. Swift.

THUMPER
Thump"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, thumps.

THUMPING
Thump"ing, a.

Defn: Heavy; large. [Colloq.]

THUNDER
Thun"der, n. Etym: [OE. , , , AS. ; akin to to stretch, to thunder,
D. donder thunder, G. donner, OHG. donar, Icel. Thor, L. tonare to
thunder, tonitrus thunder, Gr. tan to stretch. *52. See Thin, and cf.
Astonish, Detonate, Intone, Thursday, Tone.]

1. The sound which follows a flash of lightning; the report of a
discharge of atmospheric electricity.

2. The discharge of electricity; a thunderbolt. [Obs.]
The revenging gods 'Gainst parricides did all their thunders bend.
Shak.

3. Any loud noise; as, the thunder of cannon.

4. An alarming or statrling threat or denunciation.
The thunders of the Vatican could no longer strike into the heart of
princes. Prescott.
Thunder pumper. (Zoöl.) (a) The croaker (Haploidontus grunniens). (b)
The American bittern or stake-driver.
 -- Thunder rod, a lightning rod. [R.] -- Thunder snake. (Zoöl.) (a)
The chicken, or milk, snake. (b) A small reddish ground snake
(Carphophis, or Celuta, amoena) native to the Eastern United States;
-- called also worm snake.
 -- Thunder tube, a fulgurite. See Fulgurite.

THUNDER
Thun"der, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Thundered; p. pr. & vb. n. Thundering.]
Etym: [AS. . See Thunder, n.]

1. To produce thunder; to sound, rattle, or roar, as a discharge of
atmospheric electricity; -- often used impersonally; as, it thundered
continuously.
Canst thou thunder with a voice like him Job xl. 9.

2. Fig.: To make a loud noise; esp. a heavy sound, of some
continuance.
His dreadful voice no more Would thunder in my ears. Milton.

3. To utter violent denunciation.

THUNDER
Thun"der, v. t.

Defn: To emit with noise and terror; to utter vehemently; to publish,
as a threat or denunciation.
Oracles severe Were daily thundered in our general's ear. Dryden.
An archdeacon, as being a prelate, may thunder out an ecclesiastical
censure. Ayliffe.

THUNDERBIRD
Thun"der*bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Australian insectivorous singing bird (Pachycephala
gutturalis). The male is conspicuously marked with black and yellow,
and has a black crescent on the breast. Called also white-throated
thickhead, orange-breasted thrust, black-crowned thrush, guttural
thrush, and black-breasted flycatcher.

THUNDERBOLT
Thun"der*bolt`, n.

1. A shaft of lightning; a brilliant stream of electricity passing
from one part of the heavens to another, or from the clouds to the
earth.

2. Something resembling lightning in suddenness and effectiveness.
The Scipios' worth, those thunderbolts of war. Dryden.

3. Vehement threatening or censure; especially, ecclesiastical
denunciation; fulmination.
He severely threatens such with the thunderbolt of excommunication.
Hakewill.

4. (Paleon.)

Defn: A belemnite, or thunderstone. Thunderbolt beetle (Zoöl.), a
long-horned beetle (Arhopalus fulminans) whose larva bores in the
trunk of oak and chestnut trees. It is brownish and bluish-black,
with W-shaped whitish or silvery markings on the elytra.

THUNDERBURST
Thun"der*burst`, n.

Defn: A burst of thunder.

THUNDERCLAP
Thun"der*clap`, n.

Defn: A sharp burst of thunder; a sudden report of a discharge of
atmospheric electricity. "Thunderclaps that make them quake."
Spenser.
When suddenly the thunderclap was heard. Dryden.

THUNDERCLOUD
Thun"der*cloud`, n.

Defn: A cloud charged with electricity, and producing lightning and
thunder.

THUNDERER
Thun"der*er, n.

Defn: One who thunders; -- used especially as a translation of L.
tonans, an epithet applied by the Romans to several of their gods,
esp. to Jupiter.
That dreadful oath which binds the Thunderer. Pope.

THUNDERFISH
Thun"der*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large European loach (Misgurnus fossilis).

THUNDERHEAD
Thun"der*head`, n.

Defn: A rounded mass of cloud, with shining white edges; a cumulus, -
- often appearing before a thunderstorm.

THUNDERING
Thun"der*ing, a.

1. Emitting thunder.
Roll the thundering chariot o'er the ground. J. Trumbull.

2. Very great; -- often adverbially. [Slang] -- Thun"der*ing*ly, adv.

THUNDERING
Thun"der*ing, n.

Defn: Thunder. Rev. iv. 5.

THUNDERLESS
Thun"der*less, a.

Defn: Without thunder or noise.

THUNDEROUS
Thun"der*ous, a. Etym: [Written also thundrous.]

1. Producing thunder. [R.]
How he before the thunderous throne doth lie. Milton.

2. Making a noise like thunder; sounding loud and deep; sonorous.
 -- Thun"der*ous*ly, adv.

THUNDERPROOF
Thun"der*proof`, a.

Defn: Secure against the effects of thunder or lightning.

THUNDERSHOWER
Thun"der*show`er, n.

Defn: A shower accompanied with lightning and thunder.

THUNDERSTONE
Thun"der*stone`, n.

1. A thunderbolt, -- formerly believed to be a stone.
Fear no more the lightning flash, Nor the all-dreaded thunderstone.
Shak.

2. (Paleon.)

Defn: A belemnite. See Belemnite.

THUNDERSTORM
Thun"der*storm`, n.

Defn: A storm accompanied with lightning and thunder.

THUNDERSTRIKE
Thun"der*strike`, v. t. [imp. Thunderstruck; p. p. Thunderstruck, -
strucken (; p. pr. & vb. n. Thunderstriking.]

1. To strike, blast, or injure by, or as by, lightning. [R.] Sir P.
Sidney.

2. To astonish, or strike dumb, as with something terrible; -- rarely
used except in the past participle.
drove before him, thunderstruck. Milton.

THUNDERWORM
Thun"der*worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, footless, burrowing, snakelike lizard (Rhineura
Floridana) allied to Amphisbæna, native of Florida; -- so called
because it leaves its burrows after a thundershower.

THUNDERY
Thun"der*y, a.

Defn: Accompanied with thunder; thunderous. [R.] "Thundery weather."
Pennant.

THUNDROUS
Thun"drous, a.

Defn: Thunderous; sonorous. "Scraps of thunderous epic." Tennyson.

THUNNY
Thun"ny, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tunny. [R.]

THURGH
Thurgh, prep.

Defn: Through. [Obs.] Chaucer.

THURGHFARE
Thurgh"fare`, n.

Defn: Thoroughfare. [Obs.]
This world is but a thurghfare full of woe. Chaucer.

THURIBLE
Thu"ri*ble, n. Etym: [L. thuribulum, turibulum, from thus, thuris, or
better tus, turis, frankincense, fr. Gr. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A censer of metal, for burning incense, having various forms,
held in the hand or suspended by chains; -- used especially at mass,
vespers, and other solemn services. Fairholt.

THURIFEROUS
Thu*rif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. thurifer, turifer; thus frankincense + -
ferre to bear.]

Defn: Producing or bearing frankincense.

THURIFICATION
Thu`ri*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. thus incense + -ficare (in comp.) to
make. See -fy.]

Defn: The act of fuming with incense, or the act of burning incense.

THURINGIAN
Thu*rin"gi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Thuringia, a country in Germany, or its
people.
 -- n.

Defn: A native, or inhabitant of Thuringia.

THURINGITE
Thu*rin"gite, n. Etym: [From Thuringia, where it is found.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring as an aggregation of minute scales having
an olive-green color and pearly luster. It is a hydrous silicate of
aluminia and iron.

THURL
Thurl, n. Etym: [AS. a hole. *53. See Thirl, Thrill.]

1. A hole; an aperture. [Obs.]

2. (Mining)
(a) A short communication between adits in a mine.
(b) A long adit in a coalpit.

THURL
Thurl, v. t. Etym: [See Thrill.]

1. To cut through; to pierce. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. (Mining)

Defn: To cut through, as a partition between one working and another.

THURLING
Thurl"ing, n. (Mining)

Defn: Same as Thurl, n., 2 (a).

THURROK
Thur"rok, n. Etym: [AS. a boat.]

Defn: The hold of a ship; a sink. [Obs.]
Small drops of water that enter through a little crevice into the
thurrok and into the bottom of a ship. Chaucer.

THURSDAY
Thurs"day, n. Etym: [OE. , , from the Scand. name Thor + E. day.
Icel. Thor, the god of thunder, is akin to AS. thunder; D. Donderdag
Thursday, G. Donnerstag, Icel. , Sw. & Dan. Torsdag. *52. See Thor,
Thunder, and Day.]

Defn: The fifth day of the week, following Wednesday and preceding
Friday. Holy Thursday. See under Holy.

THURST
Thurst, n. (Coal Mining)

Defn: The ruins of the fallen roof resulting from the removal of the
pillars and stalls. Raymond.

THUS
Thus, n. Etym: [L. thus, better tus, frankincense. See Thurible.]

Defn: The commoner kind of frankincense, or that obtained from the
Norway spruce, the long-leaved pine, and other conifers.

THUS
Thus, adv. Etym: [OE. thus, AS. ; akin to OFries. & OS. thus, D. dus,
and E. that; cf. OHG. sus. See That.]

1. In this or that manner; on this wise.
Thus did Noah; according to all that God commanded him, so did he.
Gen. vi. 22.
Thus God the heaven created, thus the earth. Milton.

2. To this degree or extent; so far; so; as, thus wise; thus
peaceble; thus bold. Shak.
Thus far extend, thus far thy bounds. Milton.

THUSSOCK
Thus"sock, n.

Defn: See Tussock. [Obs.]

THUYA
Thu"ya, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Thuja.

THUYIN
Thu"yin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance extracted from trees of the genus Thuja, or Thuya,
and probably identical with quercitrin. [Written also thujin.]

THWACK
Thwack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thwacked; p. pr. & vb. n. Thwacking.]
Etym: [Cf. OE. thakken to stroke, AS. , E. whack.]

1. To strike with something flat or heavy; to bang, or thrash: to
thump. "A distant thwacking sound." W. Irving.

2. To fill to overflow. [Obs.] Stanyhurst.

THWACK
Thwack, n.

Defn: A heavy blow with something flat or heavy; a thump.
With many a stiff thwack, many a bang, Hard crab tree and old iron
rang. Hudibras.

THWAITE
Thwaite, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The twaite.

THWAITE
Thwaite, n. Etym: [CF. Icel. a piece of land, fr. to cut. See Thwite,
and cf. Doit, and Twaite land cleared of woods.]

Defn: Forest land cleared, and converted to tillage; an assart. [Obs.
or Prov. Eng.]

Note: Thwaite occurs in composition as the last element in many names
of places in the north of England; as, in Rosthwaite, Stonethwaite.

THWART
Thwart, a. Etym: [OE. , , a. and adv., Icel. , neut. of athwart,
transverse, across; akin to AS. perverse, transverse, cross, D.
dwars, OHG. dwerah, twerh, G. zwerch, quer, Dan. & Sw. tver athwart,
transverse, Sw. tvär cross, unfriendly, Goth. angry. Cf. Queer.]

1. Situated or placed across something else; transverse; oblique.
Moved contrary with thwart obliquities. Milton.

2. Fig.: Perverse; crossgrained. [Obs.] Shak.

THWART
Thwart, adv. Etym: [See Thwart, a.]

Defn: Thwartly; obliquely; transversely; athwart. [Obs.] Milton.

THWART
Thwart, prep.

Defn: Across; athwart. Spenser. Thwart ships. See Athwart ships,
under Athwart.

THWART
Thwart, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A seat in an open boat reaching from one side to the other, or
athwart the boat.

THWART
Thwart, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thwarted; p. pr. & vb. n. Thwarting.]

1. To move across or counter to; to cross; as, an arrow thwarts the
air. [Obs.]
Swift as a shooting star In autumn thwarts the night. Milton.

2. To cross, as a purpose; to oppose; to run counter to; to
contravene; hence, to frustrate or defeat.
If crooked fortune had not thwarted me. Shak.
The proposals of the one never thwarted the inclinations of the
other. South.

THWART
Thwart, v. i.

1. To move or go in an oblique or crosswise manner. [R.]

2. Hence, to be in opposition; to clash. [R.]
Any proposition . . . that shall at all thwart with internal oracles.
Locke.

THWARTER
Thwart"er, n. (Far.)

Defn: A disease in sheep, indicated by shaking, trembling, or
convulsive motions.

THWARTINGLY
Thwart"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a thwarting or obstructing manner; so as to thwart.

THWARTLY
Thwart"ly, adv.

Defn: Transversely; obliquely.

THWARTNESS
Thwart"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being thwart; obliquity; perverseness.

THWITE
Thwite, v. t. Etym: [AS. . See Whittle, and cf. Thwaite a piece of
land.]

Defn: To cut or clip with a knife; to whittle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Chaucer.

THWITTLE
Thwit"tle, v. t. Etym: [See Thwite, and Whittle.]

Defn: To cut or whittle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Palsgrave.

THWITTLE
Thwit"tle, n.

Defn: A small knife; a whittle. [Written also thwitel.] [Obs.] "A
Sheffield thwittle." Chaucer.

THY
Thy, pron. Etym: [OE. thi, shortened from thin. See Thine, Thou.]

Defn: Of thee, or belonging to thee; the more common form of thine,
possessive case of thou; -- used always attributively, and chiefly in
the solemn or grave style, and in poetry. Thine is used in the
predicate; as, the knife is thine. See Thine.
Our father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom
come. Thy will be done. Matt. vi. 9,10.
These are thy glorious works, Parent of good. Milton.

THYINE WOOD
Thy"ine wood`. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The fragrant and beautiful wood of a North African tree
(Callitris quadrivalvis), formerly called Thuja articulata. The tree
is of the Cedar family, and furnishes a balsamic resin called
sandarach. Rev. xviii. 12.

THYLACINE
Thy"la*cine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The zebra wolf. See under Wolf.

THYMATE
Thym"ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of thymol analogous to a salt; as, sodium thymate.

THYME
Thyme, n. Etym: [OE. tyme, L. thymum, Gr. thym; -- perhaps so named
because of its sweet smell. Cf. Fume, n.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the labiate genus Thymus. The garden thyme (Thymus
vulgaris) is a warm, pungent aromatic, much used to give a relish to
seasoning and soups.
Ankle deep in moss and flowery thyme. Cowper.
Cat thyme, a labiate plant (Teucrium Marum) of the Mediterranean
religion. Cats are said to be fond of rolling on it. J. Smith (Dict.
Econ. Plants).
 -- Wild thyme, Thymus Serpyllum, common on banks and hillsides in
Europe.
I know a bank where the wild thyme blows. Shak.

THYMENE
Thym"ene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid terpene obtained from oil of thyme.

THYMIATECHNY
Thym"i*a*tech`ny, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The art of employing perfumes in medicine. [R.] Dunglison.

THYMIC
Thym"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the thymus gland.

THYMIC
Thy"mic, a. (Med. Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, thyme; as, thymic acid.

THYMOL
Thym"ol, n. Etym: [Thyme + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A phenol derivative of cymene, C10H13.OH, isomeric with
carvacrol, found in oil of thyme, and extracted as a white
crystalline substance of a pleasant aromatic odor and strong
antiseptic properties; -- called also hydroxy cymene.

THYMUS
Thy"mus, a. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, the thymus gland.
 -- n.

Defn: The thymus gland. Thymus gland, or Thymus body, a ductless
gland in the throat, or in the neighboring region, of nearly all
vertebrates. In man and other mammals it is the throat, or neck,
sweetbread, which lies in the upper part of the thorax and lower part
of the throat. It is largest in fetal and early life, and disappears
or becomes rudimentary in the adult.

THYMY
Thym"y, a.

Defn: Abounding with thyme; fragrant; as, a thymy vale. Akenside.
Where'er a thymy bank he found, He rolled upon the fragrant ground.
Gay.

THYRO-
Thy"ro-.

Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with,
or relation to, the thyroid body or the thyroid cartilage; as,
thyrohyal.

THYROARYTENOID
Thy`ro*a*ryt"e*noid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to both the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages
of the larynx.

THYROHYAL
Thy`ro*hy"al, n. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the lower segments in the hyoid arch, often consolidated
with the body of the hyoid bone and forming one of its great horns,
as in man.

THYROHYOID
Thy`ro*hy"oid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx and the
hyoid arch.

THYROID
Thy"roid, a. Etym: [Gr. thyroïde, thyréoïde.]

1. Shaped like an oblong shield; shield-shaped; as, the thyroid
cartilage.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the thyroid body, thyroid cartilage, or
thyroid artery; thyroideal. Thyroid cartilage. See under Larynx.
 -- Thyroid body, or Thyroid gland (Anat.), a glandlike but ductless
body, or pair of bodies, of unknown function, in the floor of the
mouth or the region of the larynx. In man and most mammals it is a
highly vascular organ, partly surrounding the base of the larynx and
the upper part of the trachea.
 -- Thyroid dislocation (Surg.), dislocation of the thigh bone into
the thyroid foramen.
 -- Thyroid foramen, the obturator foramen.

THYROIDEAL
Thy*roid"e*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Thyroid.

THYROTOMY
Thy*rot"o*my, n. Etym: [Thyro- + Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of cutting into the thyroid cartilage.

THYRSE
Thyrse, n. Etym: [Cf. F. thyrse.]

Defn: A thyrsus.

THYRSOID; THYRSOIDAL
Thyr"soid, Thyr*soid"al, a. Etym: [Gr. thyrsoïde.]

Defn: Having somewhat the form of a thyrsus.

THYRSUS
Thyr"sus, n.; pl. Thyrsi. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Torso.]

1. A staff entwined with ivy, and surmounted by a pine cone, or by a
bunch of vine or ivy leaves with grapes or berries. It is an
attribute of Bacchus, and of the satyrs and others engaging in
Bacchic rites.
A good to grow on graves As twist about a thyrsus. Mrs. Browning.
In my hand I bear The thyrsus, tipped with fragrant cones of pine.
Longfellow.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of inflorescence; a dense panicle, as in the lilac
and horse-chestnut.

THYSANOPTER
Thy`sa*nop"ter, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Thysanoptera.

THYSANOPTERA
Thy`sa*nop"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of insects, considered by some writers a distinct
order, but regarded by others as belonging to the Hemiptera. They are
all of small size, and have narrow, broadly fringed wings with
rudimentary nervures. Most of the species feed upon the juices of
plants, and some, as those which attack grain, are very injurious to
crops. Called also Physopoda. See Thrips.

THYSANOPTERAN
Thy`sa*nop"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Thysanoptera.

THYSANOPTEROUS
Thy`sa*nop"ter*ous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Thysanoptera.

THYSANURA
Thys`a*nu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of wingless hexapod insects which have setiform caudal
appendages, either bent beneath the body to form a spring, or
projecting as bristles. It comprises the Cinura, or bristletails, and
the Collembola, or springtails. Called also Thysanoura. See Lepisma,
and Podura.

THYSANURAN
Thys`a*nu"ran, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Thysanura. Also used adjectively.

THYSANUROUS
Thys`a*nu"rous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Thysanura.

THYSBE
Thys"be, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Thisbe maiden beloved by Pyramus, Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A common clearwing moth (Hemaris thysbe).

THYSELF
Thy*self", pron.

Defn: An emphasized form of the personal pronoun of the second
person; -- used as a subject commonly with thou; as, thou thyself
shalt go; that is, thou shalt go, and no other. It is sometimes used,
especially in the predicate, without thou, and in the nominative as
well as in the objective case.
Thyself shalt see the act. Shak.
Ere I do thee, thou to thyself wast cruel. Milton.

TIAR
Ti"ar, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tiare. See Tiara.]

Defn: A tiara. [Poetic] Milton. Tennyson.

TIARA
Ti*a"ra, n. Etym: [L., from Gr.

1. A form of headdress worn by the ancient Persians. According to
Xenophon, the royal tiara was encircled with a diadem, and was high
and erect, while those of the people were flexible, or had rims
turned over.

2. The pope's triple crown. It was at first a round, high cap, but
was afterward encompassed with a crown, subsequently with a second,
and finally with a third. Fig.: The papal dignity.

TIARAED
Ti*a"raed, a.

Defn: Adorned with, or wearing, a tiara.

TIB-CAT
Tib"-cat`, n.

Defn: A female cat. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

TIBIA
Tib"i*a, n.; pl. Tibiæ. Etym: [L.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The inner, or preaxial, and usually the larger, of the two
bones of the leg or hind limb below the knee.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fourth joint of the leg of an insect. See Illust. under
Coleoptera, and under Hexapoda.

3. (Antiq.)

Defn: A musical instrument of the flute kind, originally made of the
leg bone of an animal.

TIBIAL
Tib"i*al, a. Etym: [L. tibialis, fr. tibia the shin bone; also, a
pipe or flute, originally made of a bone: cf. F. tibial.]

1. Of or pertaining to a tibia.

2. Of or pertaining to a pipe or flute. Tibial spur (Zoöl.), a spine
frequently borne on the tibia of insects. See Illust. under
Coleoptera.

TIBIAL
Tib"i*al, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A tibial bone; a tibiale.

TIBIALE
Tib`i*a"le, n.; pl. Tibialia. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: The bone or cartilage of the tarsus which articulates with the
tibia and corresponds to a part of the astragalus in man and most
mammals.

TIBICINATE
Ti*bic"i*nate, v. i. Etym: [L. tibicinare.]

Defn: To play on a tibia, or pipe. [R.]

TIBIO-
Tib"i*o-.

Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with,
or relation to, the tibia; as, tibiotarsus, tibiofibular.

TIBIOTARSAL
Tib`i*o*tar"sal, a. (Anat.)
(a) Of or pertaining to both to the tibia and the tarsus; as, the
tibiotarsal articulation.
(b) Of or pertaining to the tibiotarsus.

TIBIOTARSUS
Tib`i*o*tar"sus, n.; pl. Tibiotarsi (. (Anat.)

Defn: The large bone between the femur and tarsometatarsus in the leg
of a bird. It is formed by the union of the proximal part of the
tarsus with the tibia.

TIBRIE
Tib"rie, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pollack. [Prov. Eng.]

TIC
Tic, n. Etym: [F.] (Med.)

Defn: A local and habitual convulsive motion of certain muscles;
especially, such a motion of some of the muscles of the face;
twitching; velication; -- called also spasmodic tic. Dunglison. Tic
douloureux (. Etym: [F., fr. tic a knack, a twitching + douloureux
painful.] (Med.) Neuralgia in the face; face ague. See under Face.

TICAL
Ti*cal", n.

1. A bean-shaped coin of Siam, worth about sixty cents; also, a
weight equal to 236 grains troy. Malcom.

2. A money of account in China, reckoning at about $1.60; also, a
weight of about four ounces avoirdupois.

TICE
Tice, v. t. Etym: [Aphetic form of entice.]

Defn: To entice. [Obs.] The Coronation.

TICE
Tice, n. (Cricket)

Defn: A ball bowled to strike the ground about a bat's length in
front of the wicket.

TICEMENT
Tice"ment, n.

Defn: Enticement. [Obs.]

TICHORRHINE
Tich"or*rhine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil rhinoceros with a vertical bony medial septum
supporting the nose; the hairy rhinoceros.

TICK
Tick, n. Etym: [Abbrev. from ticket.]

Defn: Credit; trust; as, to buy on, or upon, tick.

TICK
Tick, v. i.

1. To go on trust, or credit.

2. To give tick; to trust.

TICK
Tick, n. Etym: [OE. tike, teke; akin to D. teek, G. zecke. Cf. Tike a
tick.] (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of numerous species of large parasitic mites which attach
themselves to, and suck the blood of, cattle, dogs, and many other
animals. When filled with blood they become ovate, much swollen, and
usually livid red in color. Some of the species often attach
themselves to the human body. The young are active and have at first
but six legs.
(b) Any one of several species of dipterous insects having a
flattened and usually wingless body, as the bird ticks (see under
Bird) and sheep tick (see under Sheep). Tick bean, a small bean used
for feeding horses and other animals.
 -- Tick trefoil (Bot.), a name given to many plants of the
leguminous genus Desmodium, which have trifoliate leaves, and joined
pods roughened with minute hooked hairs by which the joints adhere to
clothing and to the fleece of sheep.

TICK
Tick, n. Etym: [LL. techa, teca, L. theca case, Gr. Thesis.]

1. The cover, or case, of a bed, mattress, etc., which contains the
straw, feathers, hair, or other filling.

2. Ticking. See Ticking, n.

TICK
Tick, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ticked; p. pr. & vb. n. Ticking.] Etym:
[Probably of imitative origin; cf. D. tikken, LG. ticken.]

1. To make a small or repeating noise by beating or otherwise, as a
watch does; to beat.

2. To strike gently; to pat.
Stand not ticking and toying at the branches. Latimer.

TICK
Tick, n.

1. A quick, audible beat, as of a clock.

2. Any small mark intended to direct attention to something, or to
serve as a check. Dickens.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The whinchat; -- so called from its note. [Prov. Eng.] Death
tick. (Zoöl.) See Deathwatch.

TICK
Tick, v. t.

Defn: To check off by means of a tick or any small mark; to score.
When I had got all my responsibilities down upon my list, I compared
each with the bill and ticked it off. Dickens.

TICKEN
Tick"en, n.

Defn: See Ticking. [R.] R. Browning.

TICKER
Tick"er, n. Etym: [See Tick.]

Defn: One who, or that which, ticks, or produces a ticking sound, as
a watch or clock, a telegraphic sounder, etc. Ticker tape Tape from
or designed to be used in a stock ticker, usu. of paper and being
narrow but long.
 -- Stock ticker, an electro-mechanical information receiving device
connected by telegraphic wire to a stock exchange, and which prints
out the latest transactions or news on stock exchanges, commonly
found in the offices of stock brokers. By 1980 largely superseded by
electronic stock quotation devices. ticker tape parade A parade to
honor a person, held in New York City, during which people in the
tall buildings of Manhattan throw large quantities of paper,
confetti, paper ribbons, or the like onto the parading group. The
name comes form the ticker tape originally thrown onto the parade
when it passed stockbrokers' offices in lower Manhattan, before stock
tickers became obsolete.

TICKET
Tick"et, n. Etym: [F. étiquette a label, ticket, fr. OF. estiquette,
or OF. etiquet, estiquet; both of Teutonic origin, and akin to E.
stick. See Stick, n. & v., and cf. Etiquette, Tick credit.]

Defn: A small piece of paper, cardboard, or the like, serving as a
notice, certificate, or distinguishing token of something.
Specifically: --
(a) A little note or notice. [Obs. or Local]
He constantly read his lectures twice a week for above forty years,
giving notice of the time to his auditors in a ticket on the school
doors. Fuller.

(b) A tradesman's bill or account. [Obs.]

Note: Hence the phrase on ticket, on account; whence, by
abbreviation, came the phrase on tick. See 1st Tick.
Your courtier is mad to take up silks and velvets On ticket for his
mistress. J. Cotgrave.

(c) A certificate or token of right of admission to a place of
assembly, or of passage in a public conveyance; as, a theater ticket;
a railroad or steamboat ticket.
(d) A label to show the character or price of goods.
(e) A certificate or token of a share in a lottery or other scheme
for distributing money, goods, or the like.
(f) (Politics) A printed list of candidates to be voted for at an
election; a set of nominations by one party for election; a ballot.
[U.S.]
The old ticket forever! We have it by thirty-four votes. Sarah
Franklin (1766).
Scratched ticket, a ticket from which the names of one or more of the
candidates are scratched out.
 -- Split ticket, a ticket representing different divisions of a
party, or containing candidates selected from two or more parties.
 -- Straight ticket, a ticket containing the regular nominations of a
party, without change.
 -- Ticket day (Com.), the day before the settling or pay day on the
stock exchange, when the names of the actual purchasers are rendered
in by one stockbroker to another. [Eng.] Simmonds.
 -- Ticket of leave, a license or permit given to a convict, or
prisoner of the crown, to go at large, and to labor for himself
before the expiration of his sentence, subject to certain specific
conditions. [Eng.] Simmonds.
 -- Ticket porter, a licensed porter wearing a badge by which he may
be identified. [Eng.]

TICKET
Tick"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ticketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ticketing.]

1. To distinguish by a ticket; to put a ticket on; as, to ticket
goods.

2. To furnish with a tickets; to book; as, to ticket passengers to
California. [U.S.]

TICKETING
Tick"et*ing, n.

Defn: A periodical sale of ore in the English mining districts; -- so
called from the tickets upon which are written the bids of the
buyers.

TICKING
Tick"ing, n. Etym: [From Tick a bed cover. Cf. Ticken.]

Defn: A strong, closely woven linen or cotton fabric, of which ticks
for beds are made. It is usually twilled, and woven in stripes of
different colors, as white and blue; -- called also ticken.

TICKLE
Tic"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tickled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tickling.]
Etym: [Perhaps freq. of tick to beat; pat; but cf. also AS. citelian
to tickle, D. kittelen, G. kitzlen, OHG. chizzilon, chuzzilon, Icel.
kitla. Cf. Kittle, v. t.]

1. To touch lightly, so as to produce a peculiar thrilling sensation,
which commonly causes laughter, and a kind of spasm which become
dengerous if too long protracted.
If you tickle us, do we not laugh Shak.

2. To please; to gratify; to make joyous.
Pleased with a rattle, tickled with a straw. Pope.
Such a nature Tickled with good success, disdains the shadow Which he
treads on at noon. Shak.

TICKLE
Tic"kle, v. i.

1. To feel titillation.
He with secret joy therefore Did tickle inwardly in every vein.
Spenser.

2. To excite the sensation of titillation. Shak.

TICKLE
Tic"kle, a.

1. Ticklish; easily tickled. [Obs.]

2. Liable to change; uncertain; inconstant. [Obs.]
The world is now full tickle, sikerly. Chaucer.
So tickle is the state of earthy things. Spenser.

3. Wavering, or liable to waver and fall at the slightest touch;
unstable; easily overthrown. [Obs.]
Thy head stands so tickle on thy shoulders, that a milkmaid, if she
be in love, may sigh it off. Shak.

TICKLE-FOOTED
Tic"kle-foot`ed, a.

Defn: Uncertain; inconstant; slippery. [Obs. & R.] Beau. & Fl.

TICKLENBURG
Tick"len*burg, n.

Defn: A coarse, mixed linen fabric made to be sold in the West
Indies.

TICKLENESS
Tic"kle*ness, n.

Defn: Unsteadiness. [Obs.]
For hoard hath hate, and climbing tickleness. Chaucer.

TICKLER
Tic"kler, n.

1. One who, or that which, tickles.

2. Something puzzling or difficult.

3. A book containing a memorandum of notes and debts arranged in the
order of their maturity. [Com. Cant, U.S.] Bartlett.

4. A prong used by coopers to extract bungs from casks. [Eng.]

TICKLISH
Tic"klish, a.

1. Sensible to slight touches; easily tickled; as, the sole of the
foot is very ticklish; the hardened palm of the hand is not ticklish.
Bacon.

2. Standing so as to be liable to totter and fall at the slightest
touch; unfixed; easily affected; unstable.
Can any man with comfort lodge in a condition so dismally ticklish
Barrow.

3. Difficult; nice; critical; as, a ticklish business.
Surely princes had need, in tender matters and ticklish times, to
beware what they say. Bacon.
-- Tic"klish*ly, adv.
 -- Tic"klish*ness, n.

TICKSEED
Tick"seed`, n. Etym: [Tick the insect + seed; cf. G. wanzensamen,
literally, bug seed.]

1. A seed or fruit resembling in shape an insect, as that of certain
plants.

2. (Bot.)
(a) Same as Coreopsis.
(b) Any plant of the genus Corispermum, plants of the Goosefoot
family.

TICKTACK
Tick"tack`, n. Etym: [See Tick to beat, to pat, and (for sense 2) cf.
Tricktrack.]

1. A noise like that made by a clock or a watch.

2. A kind of backgammon played both with men and pegs; tricktrack.
A game at ticktack with words. Milton.

TICKTACK
Tick"tack`, adv.

Defn: With a ticking noise, like that of a watch.

TICPOLONGA
Tic`po*lon"ga, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very venomous viper (Daboia Russellii), native of Ceylon and
India; -- called also cobra monil.

TID
Tid, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. tedre, tydere, weak, tender.]

Defn: Tender; soft; nice; -- now only used in tidbit.

TIDAL
Tid"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to tides; caused by tides; having tides;
periodically rising and falling, or following and ebbing; as, tidal
waters.
The tidal wave of deeper souls Into our inmost being rolls, And lifts
us unawares Out of all meaner cares. Longfellow.
Tidal air (Physiol.), the air which passes in and out of the lungs in
ordinary breathing. It varies from twenty to thirty cubic inches.
 -- Tidal basin, a dock that is filled at the rising of the tide.
 -- Tidal wave. (a) See Tide wave, under Tide. Cf. 4th Bore. (b) A
vast, swift wave caused by an earthquake or some extraordinary
combination of natural causes. It rises far above high-water mark and
is often very destructive upon low-lying coasts.

TIDBIT
Tid"bit`, n. Etym: [Tid + bit.]

Defn: A delicate or tender piece of anything eatable; a delicious
morsel. [Written also titbit.]

TIDDE
Tid"de, obs.

Defn: imp. of Tide, v. i. Chaucer.

TIDDER; TIDDLE
Tid"der, Tid"dle, v. t. Etym: [Cf. AS. tyderian to grow tender. See
Tid.]

Defn: To use with tenderness; to fondle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

TIDDLEDYWINKS
Tid"dle*dy*winks`, n.

Defn: A game in which the object is to snap small disks of bone,
ivory, or the like, from a flat surface, as of a table, into a small
cup or basket; --called also tiddlywinks. [U. S.]

TIDDLYWINKS
Tid"dly*winks`, n.

Defn: Same as Tiddledywinks.  Kipling.

TIDE
Tide, n. Etym: [AS. tid time; akin to OS. & OFries. tid, D. tijd, G.
zeit, OHG. zit, Icel. ti, Sw. & Dan. tid, and probably to Skr. aditi
unlimited, endless, where a- is a negative prefix. *58. Cf. Tidings,
Tidy, Till, prep., Time.]

1. Time; period; season. [Obsoles.] "This lusty summer's tide."
Chaucer.
And rest their weary limbs a tide. Spenser.
Which, at the appointed tide, Each one did make his bride. Spenser.
At the tide of Christ his birth. Fuller.

2. The alternate rising and falling of the waters of the ocean, and
of bays, rivers, etc., connected therewith. The tide ebbs and flows
twice in each lunar day, or the space of a little more than twenty-
four hours. It is occasioned by the attraction of the sun and moon
(the influence of the latter being three times that of the former),
acting unequally on the waters in different parts of the earth, thus
disturbing their equilibrium. A high tide upon one side of the earth
is accompanied by a high tide upon the opposite side. Hence, when the
sun and moon are in conjunction or opposition, as at new moon and
full moon, their action is such as to produce a greater than the
usual tide, called the spring tide, as represented in the cut. When
the moon is in the first or third quarter, the sun's attraction in
part counteracts the effect of the moon's attraction, thus producing
under the moon a smaller tide than usual, called the neap tide.

Note: The flow or rising of the water is called flood tide, and the
reflux, ebb tide.

3. A stream; current; flood; as, a tide of blood. "Let in the tide of
knaves once more; my cook and I'll provide." Shak.

4. Tendency or direction of causes, influences, or events; course;
current.
There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the flood,
leads on to fortune. Shak.

5. Violent confluence. [Obs.] Bacon.

6. (Mining)

Defn: The period of twelve hours. Atmospheric tides, tidal movements
of the atmosphere similar to those of the ocean, and produced in the
same manner by the attractive forces of the sun and moon.
 -- Inferior tide. See under Inferior, a.
 -- To work double tides. See under Work, v. t.
 -- Tide day, the interval between the occurrences of two consecutive
maxima of the resultant wave at the same place. Its length varies as
the components of sun and moon waves approach to, or recede from, one
another. A retardation from this cause is called the lagging of the
tide, while the acceleration of the recurrence of high water is
termed the priming of the tide. See Lag of the tide, under 2d Lag.
 -- Tide dial, a dial to exhibit the state of the tides at any time.
 -- Tide gate. (a) An opening through which water may flow freely
when the tide sets in one direction, but which closes automatically
and prevents the water from flowing in the other direction. (b)
(Naut.) A place where the tide runs with great velocity, as through a
gate.
 -- Tide gauge, a gauge for showing the height of the tide;
especially, a contrivance for registering the state of the tide
continuously at every instant of time. Brande & C.
 -- Tide lock, a lock situated between an inclosed basin, or a canal,
and the tide water of a harbor or river, when they are on different
levels, so that craft can pass either way at all times of the tide; -
- called also guard lock.
 -- Tide mill. (a) A mill operated by the tidal currents. (b) A mill
for clearing lands from tide water.
 -- Tide rip, a body of water made rough by the conflict of opposing
tides or currents.
 -- Tide table, a table giving the time of the rise and fall of the
tide at any place.
 -- Tide water, water affected by the flow of the tide; hence,
broadly, the seaboard.
 -- Tide wave, or Tidal wave, the swell of water as the tide moves.
That of the ocean is called primitive; that of bays or channels
derivative. Whewell.
 -- Tide wheel, a water wheel so constructed as to be moved by the
ebb or flow of the tide.

TIDE
Tide, v. t.

Defn: To cause to float with the tide; to drive or carry with the
tide or stream.
They are tided down the stream. Feltham.

TIDE
Tide, v. i. Etym: [AS. tidan to happen. See Tide, n.]

1. To betide; to happen. [Obs.]
What should us tide of this new law Chaucer.

2. To pour a tide or flood.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: To work into or out of a river or harbor by drifting with the
tide and anchoring when it becomes adverse.

TIDED
Tid"ed, a.

Defn: Affected by the tide; having a tide. "The tided Thames." Bp.
Hall.

TIDELAND
Tide"land, n.

Defn: Land that is overflowed by tide water; hence, land near the
sea.

TIDELESS
Tide"less, a.

Defn: Having no tide.

TIDE-RODE
Tide"-rode`, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Swung by the tide when at anchor; -- opposed to wind-rode.

TIDESMAN
Tides"man, n.; pl. Tidesmen (.

Defn: A customhouse officer who goes on board of a merchant ship to
secure payment of the duties; a tidewaiter.

TIDEWAITER
Tide"wait`er, n.

Defn: A customhouse officer who watches the landing of goods from
merchant vessels, in order to secure payment of duties. Swift.

TIDEWAY
Tide"way`, n.

Defn: Channel in which the tide sets.

TIDIFE
Tid"ife, n.

Defn: The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

Note: The "tidif" mentioned in Chaucer is by some supposed to be the
titmouse, by others the wren.

TIDILY
Ti"di*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tidy manner.

TIDINESS
Ti"di*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tidy.

TIDING
Ti"ding, n.

Defn: Tidings. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TIDINGS
Ti"dings, n. pl. Etym: [OE. tidinge, ti, tidinde, from or influenced
by Icel. ti; akin to Dan. tidende, Sw. tidning, G. zeung, AS. tidan
to happen, E. betide, tide. See Tide, v. i. & n.]

Defn: Account of what has taken place, and was not before known;
news.
I shall make my master glad with these tidings. Shak.
Full well the busy whisper, circling round, Conveyed the dismal
tidings when he frowned. Goldsmith.

Note: Although tidings is plural in form, it has been used also as a
singular. By Shakespeare it was used indiscriminately as a singular
or plural.
Now near the tidings of our comfort is. Shak.
Tidings to the contrary Are brought your eyes. Shak.

Syn.
 -- News; advice; information; intelligence.
 -- Tidings, News. The term news denotes recent intelligence from any
quarter; the term tidings denotes intelligence expected from a
particular quarter, showing what has there betided. We may be
indifferent as to news, but are always more or less interested in
tidings. We read the news daily; we wait for tidings respecting an
absent friend or an impending battle. We may be curious to hear the
news; we are always anxious for tidings.
Evil news rides post, while good news baits. Milton.
What tidings dost thou bring Addison.

TIDLEY
Tid"ley, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The wren.
(b) The goldcrest. [Prov. Eng.]

TIDOLOGY
Tid*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Tide + -logy.]

Defn: A discourse or treatise upon the tides; that part of science
which treats of tides. J. S. Mill.

TIDY
Ti"dy, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wren; -- called also tiddy. [Prov. Eng.]
The tidy for her notes as delicate as they. Drayton.

Note: This name is probably applied also to other small singing
birds, as the goldcrest.

TIDY
Ti"dy, a. [Compar. Tidier; superl. Tidiest.] Etym: [From Tide time,
season; cf. D. tijdig timely, G. zeitig, Dan. & Sw. tidig.]

1. Being in proper time; timely; seasonable; favorable; as, tidy
weather. [Obs.]
If weather be fair and tidy. Tusser.

2. Arranged in good order; orderly; appropriate; neat; kept in proper
and becoming neatness, or habitually keeping things so; as, a tidy
lass; their dress is tidy; the apartments are well furnished and
tidy.
A tidy man, that tened [injured] me never. Piers Plowman.

TIDY
Ti"dy, n.; pl. Tidies (.

1. A cover, often of tatting, drawn work, or other ornamental work,
for the back of a chair, the arms of a sofa, or the like.

2. A child's pinafore. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

TIDY
Ti"dy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tidied; p. pr. & vb. n. Tidying.]

Defn: To put in proper order; to make neat; as, to tidy a room; to
tidy one's dress.

TIDY
Ti"dy, v. i.

Defn: To make things tidy. [Colloq.]
I have tidied and tidied over and over again. Dickens.

TIDYTIPS
Ti"dy*tips`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A California composite plant (Layia platyglossa), the flower of
which has yellow rays tipped with white.

TIE
Tie, n.; pl. Ties. Etym: [AS. tege, t, tige. *64. See Tie, v. t.]

1. A knot; a fastening.

2. A bond; an obligation, moral or legal; as, the sacred ties of
friendship or of duty; the ties of allegiance.
No distance breaks the tie of blood. Young.

3. A knot of hair, as at the back of a wig. Young.

4. An equality in numbers, as of votes, scores, etc., which prevents
either party from being victorious; equality in any contest, as a
race.

5. (Arch. & Engin.)

Defn: A beam or rod for holding two parts together; in railways, one
of the transverse timbers which support the track and keep it in
place.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: A line, usually straight, drawn across the stems of notes, or a
curved line written over or under the notes, signifying that they are
to be slurred, or closely united in the performance, or that two
notes of the same pitch are to be sounded as one; a bind; a ligature.

7. pl.

Defn: Low shoes fastened with lacings. Bale tie, a fastening for the
ends of a hoop for a bale.

TIE
Tie, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tied (Obs. Tight (); p. pr. & vb. n. Tying.]
Etym: [OE. ti, teyen, AS. tigan, tiégan, fr. teág, teáh, a rope; akin
to Icel. taug, and AS. teón to draw, to pull. See Tug, v. t., and cf.
Tow to drag.]

1. To fasten with a band or cord and knot; to bind. "Tie the kine to
the cart." 1 Sam. vi. 7.
My son, keep thy father's commandment, and forsake not the law of thy
mother: bind them continually upon thine heart, and tie them about
thy neck. Prov. vi. 20,21.

2. To form, as a knot, by interlacing or complicating a cord; also,
to interlace, or form a knot in; as, to tie a cord to a tree; to
knit; to knot. "We do not tie this knot with an intention to puzzle
the argument." Bp. Burnet.

3. To unite firmly; to fasten; to hold.
In bond of virtuous love together tied. Fairfax.

4. To hold or constrain by authority or moral influence, as by
knotted cords; to oblige; to constrain; to restrain; to confine.
Not tied to rules of policy, you find Revenge less sweet than a
forgiving mind. Dryden.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: To unite, as notes, by a cross line, or by a curved line, or
slur, drawn over or under them.

6. To make an equal score with, in a contest; to be even with. To
ride and tie. See under Ride.
 -- To tie down. (a) To fasten so as to prevent from rising. (b) To
restrain; to confine; to hinder from action.
 -- To tie up, to confine; to restrain; to hinder from motion or
action.

TIE
Tie, v. i.

Defn: To make a tie; to make an equal score.

TIEBAR
Tie"bar`, n.

Defn: A flat bar used as a tie.

TIEBEAM
Tie"beam`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A beam acting as a tie, as at the bottom of a pair of principal
rafters, to prevent them from thrusting out the wall. See Illust. of
Timbers, under Roof. Gwilt.

TIENDA
Ti*en"da, n. [Sp., prop., tent, awning.]

Defn: In Cuba, Mexico, etc., a booth, stall, or shop where
merchandise is sold.

TIER
Ti"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, ties.

TIER
Ti"er, n. Etym: [See Tire a headdress.]

Defn: A chold's apron covering the upper part of the body, and tied
with tape or cord; a pinafore. [Written also tire.]

TIER
Tier, n. Etym: [Perhaps fr. OF. tire, F. tire; probably of Teutonic
origin; cf. OHG. ziari ornament, G. zier, AS. tir glory, tiér row,
rank. But cf. also F. tirer to draw, pull; of Teutonic origin. Cf.
Attire, v. t., Tire a headdress, but also Tirade.]

Defn: A row or rank, especially one of two or more rows placed one
above, or higher than, another; as, a tier of seats in a theater.
Tiers of a cable, the ranges of fakes, or windings, of a cable, laid
one within another when coiled.

TIERCE
Tierce, n. Etym: [F. tierce a third, from tiers, tierce, third, fr.
L. tertius the third; akin to tres three. See Third, Three, and cf.
Terce, Tercet, Tertiary.]

1. A cask whose content is one third of a pipe; that is, forty-two
wine gallons; also, a liquid measure of forty-two wine, or thirty-
five imperial, gallons.

2. A cask larger than a barrel, and smaller than a hogshead or a
puncheon, in which salt provisions, rice, etc., are packed for
shipment.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: The third tone of the scale. See Mediant.

4. A sequence of three playing cards of the same suit. Tierce of ace,
king, queen, is called tierce-major.

5. (Fencing)

Defn: A position in thrusting or parrying in which the wrist and
nails are turned downward.

6. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The third hour of the day, or nine a.m.; one of the canonical
hours; also, the service appointed for that hour.

TIERCE
Tier*cé", a. Etym: [F.] (Her.)

Defn: Divided into three equal parts of three different tinctures; --
said of an escutcheon.

TIERCEL; TIERCELET
Tier"cel, Tierce"let, n. Etym: [OE. tercel, tercelet, F. tiercelet, a
dim. of (assumed) tiercel, or LL. tertiolus, dim. fr. L. tertius the
third; -- so called, according to some, because every third bird in
the nest is a male, or, according to others, because the male is the
third part less than female. Cf. Tercel.] (Falconry)

Defn: The male of various falcons, esp. of the peregrine; also, the
male of the goshawk. Encyc. Brit.

TIERCE-MAJOR
Tierce"-ma`jor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tierce majeure.] (Card Playing)

Defn: See Tierce, 4.

TIERCET
Tier"cet, n. Etym: [F. tercet. See Tercet.] (Pros.)

Defn: A triplet; three lines, or three lines rhyming together.

TIE-ROD
Tie"-rod, n.

Defn: A rod used as a tie. See Tie.

TIERS ETAT
Tiers` é`tat". Etym: [F.]

Defn: The third estate, or commonalty, in France, answering to the
commons in Great Britain; -- so called in distinction from, and as
inferior to, the nobles and clergy.

Note: The refusal of the clergy and nobility to give the tiers état a
representation in the States-general proportioned to their actual
numbers had an important influence in bringing on the French
Revolution of 1789. Since that time the term has been purely
historical.

TIETICK
Tie"tick, n.

Defn: The meadow pipit. [Prov. Eng].

TIEWIG
Tie"wig`, n.

Defn: A wig having a tie or ties, or one having some of the curls
tied up; also, a wig tied upon the head. Wright. V. Knox.

TIFF
Tiff, n. Etym: [Originally, a sniff, sniffing; cf. Icel. a smell, to
sniff, Norw. tev a drawing in of the breath, teva to sniff, smell,
dial. Sw. tüv smell, scent, taste.]

1. Liquor; especially, a small draught of liquor. "Sipping his tiff
of brandy punch." Sir W. Scott.

2. A fit of anger or peevishness; a slight altercation or contention.
See Tift. Thackeray.

TIFF
Tiff, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tiffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tiffing.]

Defn: To be in a pet.
She tiffed with Tim, she ran from Ralph. Landor.

TIFF
Tiff, v. t. Etym: [OE. tiffen, OF. tiffer, tifer, to bedizen; cf. D.
tippen to clip the points or ends of the hair, E. tip, n.]

Defn: To deck out; to dress. [Obs.] A. Tucker.

TIFFANY
Tif"fa*ny, n. Etym: [OE. tiffenay; cf. OF. tiffe ornament, tiffer to
adjust, adorn. See Tiff to dress.]

Defn: A species of gause, or very silk.
The smoke of sulphur . . . is commonly used by women to whiten
tiffanies. Sir T. Browne.

TIFFIN
Tif"fin, n. Etym: [Properly, tiffing a quaffing, a drinking. See
Tiff, n.]

Defn: A lunch, or slight repast between breakfast and dinner; --
originally, a Provincial English word, but introduced into India, and
brought back to England in a special sense.

TIFFISH
Tiff"ish, a.

Defn: Inclined to tiffs; peevish; petulant.

TIFT
Tift, n. Etym: [Cf. Norw. teft a scent. See Tiff, n.]

Defn: A fit of pettishness, or slight anger; a tiff.
After all your fatigue you seem as ready for a tift with me as if you
had newly come from church. Blackwood's Mag.

TIG
Tig, n.

1. A game among children. See Tag.

2. A capacious, flat-bottomed drinking cup, generally with four
handles, formerly used for passing around the table at convivial
entertainment.

TIGELLA
Ti*gel"la, n. Etym: [NL., from F. tige stem or stock.] (Bot.)

Defn: That part of an embryo which represents the young stem; the
caulicle or radicle.

TIGELLE
Ti*gelle", n. Etym: [F.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Tigella.

TIGER
Ti"ger, n. Etym: [OE. tigre, F. tigre, L. tigris, Gr. ti`gris;
probably of Persian origin; cf. Zend tighra pointed, tighri an arrow,
Per. tir; perhaps akin to E. stick, v.t.; -- probably so named from
its quickness.]

1. A very large and powerful carnivore (Felis tigris) native of
Southern Asia and the East Indies. Its back and sides are tawny or
rufous yellow, transversely striped with black, the tail is ringed
with black, the throat and belly are nearly white. When full grown,
it equals or exceeds the lion in size and strength. Called also royal
tiger, and Bengal tiger.

2. Fig.: A ferocious, bloodthirsty person.
As for heinous tiger, Tamora. Shak.

3. A servant in livery, who rids with his master or mistress.
Dickens.

4. A kind of growl or screech, after cheering; as, three cheers and a
tiger. [Colloq. U.S.]

5. A pneumatic box or pan used in refining sugar. American tiger.
(Zoöl.) (a) The puma. (b) The jaguar.
 -- Clouded tiger (Zoöl.), a handsome striped and spotted carnivore
(Felis macrocelis or F. marmorata) native of the East Indies and
Southern Asia. Its body is about three and a half feet long, and its
tail about three feet long. Its ground color is brownish gray, and
the dark markings are irregular stripes, spots, and rings, but there
are always two dark bands on the face, one extending back from the
eye, and one from the angle of the mouth. Called also tortoise-shell
tiger.
 -- Mexican tiger (Zoöl.), the jaguar.
 -- Tiger beetle (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of active
carnivorous beetles of the family Cicindelidæ. They usually inhabit
dry or sandy places, and fly rapidly.
 -- Tiger bittern. (Zoöl.) See Sun bittern, under Sun.
 -- Tiger cat (Zoöl.), any one of several species of wild cats of
moderate size with dark transverse bars or stripes somewhat
resembling those of the tiger.
 -- Tiger flower (Bot.), an iridaceous plant of the genus Tigridia
(as T. conchiflora, T. grandiflora, etc.) having showy flowers,
spotted or streaked somewhat like the skin of a tiger.
 -- Tiger grass (Bot.), a low East Indian fan palm (Chamærops
Ritchieana). It is used in many ways by the natives. J. Smith (Dict.
Econ. Plants).
 -- Tiger lily. (Bot.) See under Lily.
 -- Tiger moth (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of moths of the
family Arctiadæ which are striped or barred with black and white or
with other conspicuous colors. The larvæ are called woolly bears.
 -- Tiger shark (Zoöl.), a voracious shark (Galeocerdo maculatus or
tigrinus) more or less barred or spotted with yellow. It is found in
both the Atlantic and Indian Ocean. Called also zebra shark.
 -- Tiger shell (Zoöl.), a large and conspicuously spotted cowrie
(Cypræa tigris); -- so called from its fancied resemblance to a tiger
in color and markings. Called also tiger cowrie.
 -- Tiger wolf (Zoöl.), the spotted hyena (Hyæna crocuta).
 -- Tiger wood, the variegated heartwood of a tree (Machærium
Schomburgkii) found in Guiana.

TIGER-EYE
Ti"ger-eye`, n. (Min.)

Defn: A siliceous stone of a yellow color and chatoyant luster,
obtained in South Africa and much used for ornament. It is an altered
form of the mineral crocidolite. See Crocidolite.

TIGER-FOOT
Ti"ger-foot`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Tiger's-foot.

TIGER-FOOTED
Ti"ger-foot`ed, a.

Defn: Hastening to devour; furious.

TIGERINE
Ti"ger*ine, a.

Defn: Tigerish; tigrine. [R.]

TIGERISH
Ti"ger*ish, a.

Defn: Like a tiger; tigrish.

TIGER'S-FOOT
Ti"ger's-foot`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to some species of morning-glory (Ipomoea) having
the leaves lobed in pedate fashion.

TIGH
Tigh, n. Etym: [Perhaps akin to tight.]

Defn: A close, or inclosure; a croft. [Obs.] Cowell.

TIGHT
Tight, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Tie. Spenser.

TIGHT
Tight, a. [Compar. Tighter; superl. Tightest.] Etym: [OE. tight,
thiht; probably of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. , Dan. tæt, Sw. tät: akin
to D. & G. dicht thick, tight, and perhaps to E. thee to thrive, or
to thick. Cf. Taut.]

1. Firmly held together; compact; not loose or open; as, tight cloth;
a tight knot.

2. Close, so as not to admit the passage of a liquid or other fluid;
not leaky; as, a tight ship; a tight cask; a tight room; -- often
used in this sense as the second member of a compound; as, water-
tight; air-tight.

3. Fitting close, or too close, to the body; as, a tight coat or
other garment.

4. Not ragged; whole; neat; tidy.
Clad very plain, but clean and tight. Evelyn.
I'll spin and card, and keep our children tight. Gay.

5. Close; parsimonious; saving; as, a man tight in his dealings.
[Colloq.]

6. Not slack or loose; firmly stretched; taut; -- applied to a rope,
chain, or the like, extended or stretched out.

7. Handy; adroit; brisk. [Obs.] Shak.

8. Somewhat intoxicated; tipsy. [Slang]

9. (Com.)

Defn: Pressing; stringent; not easy; firmly held; dear; -- said of
money or the money market. Cf. Easy, 7.

TIGHT
Tight, v. t.

Defn: To tighten. [Obs.]

TIGHTEN
Tight"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tightened; p. pr. & vb. n. Tightening.]

Defn: To draw tighter; to straiten; to make more close in any manner.
Just where I please, with tightened rein I'll urge thee round the
dusty plain. Fawkes.
Tightening pulley (Mach.), a pulley which rests, or is forced,
against a driving belt to tighten it.

TIGHTENER
Tight"en*er, n.

Defn: That which tightens; specifically (Mach.), a tightening pulley.

TIGHTER
Tight"er, n.

Defn: A ribbon or string used to draw clothes closer. [Obs.]

TIGHTLY
Tight"ly, adv.

Defn: In a tight manner; closely; nearly.

TIGHTNESS
Tight"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being tight.

TIGHTS
Tights, n. pl.

Defn: Close-fitting garments, especially for the lower part of the
body and the legs.

TIGLIC
Tig"lic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C4H7CO2H (called
also methyl crotonic acid), homologous with crotonic acid, and
obtained from croton oil (from Croton Tiglium) as a white crystalline
substance.

TIGRESS
Ti"gress, n. Etym: [From Tiger: cf. F. tigresse.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The female of the tiger. Holland.

TIGRINE
Ti"grine, a. Etym: [L. tigrinus, fr. tigris a tiger.]

1. Of or pertaining to a tiger; like a tiger.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling the tiger in color; as, the tigrine cat (Felis
tigrina) of South America.

TIGRISH
Ti"grish, a.

Defn: Resembling a tiger; tigerish.

TIKE
Tike, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tick. See 2d Tick. [Obs.]

TIKE
Tike, n. Etym: [Icel. tik a bitch; akin to Sw. tik.]

1. A dog; a cur. "Bobtail tike or trundle-tail." Shak.

2. A countryman or clown; a boorish person.

TIKOR
Tik"or, n. [Hind. tikhur.]

Defn: A starch or arrow-root made from the tubes of an East Indian
zinziberaceous plant (Curcuma angustifolia); also, the plant itself.

TIKUR; TIKOOR
Ti*kur", Ti*koor", n. [Hind. tikr.]

Defn: An East Indian tree (Garcinia pedunculata) having a large
yellow fleshy fruit with a pleasant acid flavor.

TIKUS
Ti"kus, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bulau.

TIL
Til, prep. & conj.

Defn: See Till. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TILBURY
Til"bu*ry, n.; pl. Tilburies. Etym: [Probably from Tilburyfort, in
the Country of Essex, in England.]

Defn: A kind of gig or two-wheeled carriage, without a top or cover.
[Written also tilburgh.]

TILDE
Til"de, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. L. titulus a superscription, title, token,
sign. See Title, n.]

Defn: The accentual mark placed over n, and sometimes over l, in
Spanish words [thus, ñ, l], indicating that, in pronunciation, the
sound of the following vowel is to be preceded by that of the
initial, or consonantal, y.

TILE
Tile, v. t. Etym: [See 2d Tiler.]

Defn: To protect from the intrusion of the uninitiated; as, to tile a
Masonic lodge.

TILE
Tile, n. Etym: [OE. tile, tigel, AS. tigel, tigol, fr. L. tegula,
from tegere to cover. See Thatch, and cf. Tegular.]

1. A plate, or thin piece, of baked clay, used for covering the roofs
of buildings, for floors, for drains, and often for ornamental mantel
works.

2. (Arch.)
(a) A small slab of marble or other material used for flooring.
(b) A plate of metal used for roofing.

3. (Metal.)

Defn: A small, flat piece of dried earth or earthenware, used to
cover vessels in which metals are fused.

4. A draintile.

5. A stiff hat. [Colloq.] Dickens. Tile drain, a drain made of tiles.
 -- Tile earth, a species of strong, clayey earth; stiff and stubborn
land. [Prov. Eng.] -- Tile kiln, a kiln in which tiles are burnt; a
tilery.
 -- Tile ore (Min.), an earthy variety of cuprite.
 -- Tile red, light red like the color of tiles or bricks.
 -- Tile tea, a kind of hard, flat brick tea. See Brick tea, under
Brick.

TILE
Tile, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tiling.]

1. To cover with tiles; as, to tile a house.

2. Fig.: To cover, as if with tiles.
The muscle, sinew, and vein, Which tile this house, will come again.
Donne.

TILE-DRAIN
Tile"-drain`, v. t.

Defn: To drain by means of tiles; to furnish with a tile drain.

TILEFISH
Tile"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, edible, deep-water food fish (Lopholatilus
chamæleonticeps) more or less thickly covered with large, round,
yellow spots.

Note: It was discovered off the Eastern coast of the United States in
1880, and was abundant in 1881, but is believed to have become
extinct in 1882.

TILER
Til"er, n.

Defn: A man whose occupation is to cover buildings with tiles.
Bancroft.

TILER
Til"er, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin, but probably from E. tile, n.]

Defn: A doorkeeper or attendant at a lodge of Freemasons. [Written
also tyler.]

TILERY
Til"er*y, n.; pl. Tileries. Etym: [From Tile; cf. F. tuilerie, fr.
tuile a tile, L. tegula.]

Defn: A place where tiles are made or burned; a tile kiln.

TILESEED
Tile"seed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Geissois, having seeds overlapping like
tiles on a roof.

TILESTONE
Tile"stone`, n.

1. (Geol.)

Defn: A kind of laminated shale or sandstone belonging to some of the
layers of the Upper Silurian.

2. A tile of stone.

TILIA
Til"i*a, n. [L., linden. Cf. Teil.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees, the lindens, the type of the family Tiliaceæ,
distinguished by the winglike bract coalescent with the peduncle, and
by the indehiscent fruit having one or two seeds. There are about
twenty species, natives of temperate regions.  Many species are
planted as ornamental shade trees, and the tough fibrous inner bark
is a valuable article of commerce. Also, a plant of this genus.

TILIACEOUS
Til`i*a"ceous, a. Etym: [OE. tilia the linden tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants
(Tiliaceæ) of which the linden (Tilia) is the type. The order
includes many plants which furnish a valuable fiber, as the jute.

TILING
Til"ing, n.

1. A surface covered with tiles, or composed of tiles.
They . . . let him down through the tiling. Luke v. 19.

2. Tiles, collectively.

TILL
Till, n. Etym: [Abbrev. from lentil.]

Defn: A vetch; a tare. [Prov. Eng.]

TILL
Till, n. Etym: [Properly, a drawer, from OE. tillen to draw. See
Tiller the lever of a rudder.]

Defn: A drawer. Specifically: (a) A tray or drawer in a chest. (b) A
money drawer in a shop or store. Till alarm, a device for sounding an
alarm when a money drawer is opened or tampered with.

TILL
Till, n.

1. (Geol.)

Defn: A deposit of clay, sand, and gravel, without lamination, formed
in a glacier valley by means of the waters derived from the melting
glaciers; -- sometimes applied to alluvium of an upper river terrace,
when not laminated, and appearing as if formed in the same manner.

2. A kind of coarse, obdurate land. Loudon.

TILL
Till, prep. Etym: [OE. til, Icel. til; akin to Dan. til, Sw. till,
OFries. til, also to AS. til good, excellent, G. ziel end, limit,
object, OHG. zil, Goth. tils, gatils, fit, convenient, and E. till to
cultivate. See Till, v. t.]

Defn: To; unto; up to; as far as; until; -- now used only in respect
to time, but formerly, also, of place, degree, etc., and still so
used in Scotland and in parts of England and Ireland; as, I worked
till four o'clock; I will wait till next week.
He . . . came till an house. Chaucer.
Women, up till this Cramped under worse than South-sea-isle taboo.
Tennyson.
Similar sentiments will recur to every one familiar with his writings
-- all through them till the very end. Prof. Wilson.
Till now, to the present time.
 -- Till then, to that time.

TILL
Till, conj.

Defn: As far as; up to the place or degree that; especially, up to
the time that; that is, to the time specified in the sentence or
clause following; until.
And said unto them, Occupy till I come. Luke xix. 13.
Mediate so long till you make some act of prayer to God. Jer. Taylor.
There was no outbreak till the regiment arrived. Macaulay.

Note: This use may be explained by supposing an ellipsis of when, or
the time when, the proper conjunction or conjunctive adverb begin
when.

TILL
Till, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tilling.] Etym:
[OE. tilen, tilien, AS. tilian, teolian, to aim, strive for, till;
akin to OS. tilian to get, D. telen to propagate, G. zielen to aim,
ziel an end, object, and perhaps also to E. tide, time, from the idea
of something fixed or definite. Cf. Teal, Till, prep..]

1. To plow and prepare for seed, and to sow, dress, raise crops from,
etc., to cultivate; as, to till the earth, a field, a farm.
No field nolde [would not] tilye. P. Plowman.
the Lord God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the
ground from whence he was taken. Gen. iii. 23.

2. To prepare; to get. [Obs.] W. Browne.

TILL
Till, v. i.

Defn: To cultivate land. Piers Plowman.

TILLABLE
Till"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being tilled; fit for the plow; arable.

TILLAGE
Till"age, n.

1. The operation, practice, or art of tilling or preparing land for
seed, and keeping the ground in a proper state for the growth of
crops.

2. A place tilled or cultivated; cultivated land.

Syn.
 -- Cultivation; culture; husbandry; farming; agriculture.

TILLANDSIA
Til*land"si*a, n. Etym: [NL. So named after Prof. Tillands, of Abo,
in Finland.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of epiphytic endogenous plants found in the Southern
United States and in tropical America. Tillandsia usneoides, called
long moss, black moss, Spanish moss, and Florida moss, has a very
slender pendulous branching stem, and forms great hanging tufts on
the branches of trees. It is often used for stuffing mattresses.

TILLER
Till"er, n. Etym: [From Till, v. t.]

Defn: One who tills; a husbandman; a cultivator; a plowman.

TILLER
Till"er, n. Etym: [AS. telgor a small branch. Cf. Till to cultivate.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) A shoot of a plant, springing from the root or bottom of the
original stalk; a sucker.
(b) A sprout or young tree that springs from a root or stump.

2. A young timber tree. [Prov. Eng.] Evelyn.

TILLER
Till"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tillered; p. pr. & vb. n. Tillering.]

Defn: To put forth new shoots from the root, or round the bottom of
the original stalk; as, wheat or rye tillers; some spread plants by
tillering. [Sometimes written tillow.]

TILLER
Till"er, n. Etym: [From OE. tillen, tullen, to draw, pull; probably
fr. AS. tyllan in fortyllan to lead astray; or cf. D. tillen to lift
up. Cf. Till a drawer.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A lever of wood or metal fitted to the rudder head and used for
turning side to side in steering. In small boats hand power is used;
in large vessels, the tiller is moved by means of mechanical
appliances. See Illust. of Rudder. Cf. 2d Helm, 1.

2. The stalk, or handle, of a crossbow; also, sometimes, the bow
itself. [Obs.]
You can shoot in a tiller. Beau. & Fl.

3. The handle of anything. [Prov. Eng.]

4. A small drawer; a till. Dryden. Tiller rope (Naut.), a rope for
turning a tiller. In a large vessel it forms the connection between
the fore end of the tiller and the steering wheel.

TILLEY; TILLEY SEED
Til"ley, n., or Til"ley seed`. (Bot.)

Defn: The seeds of a small tree (Croton Pavana) common in the Malay
Archipelago. These seeds furnish croton oil, like those of Croton
Tiglium. [Written also tilly.]

TILLMAN
Till"man, n.; pl. Tillmen (.

Defn: A man who tills the earth; a husbandman. [Obs.] Tusser.

TILLODONT
Til"lo*dont, n.

Defn: One of the Tillodontia.

TILLODONTIA
Til`lo*don"ti*a, n. pl. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct group of Mammalia found fossil in the Eocene
formation. The species are related to the carnivores, ungulates, and
rodents. Called also Tillodonta.

TILLOT
Til"lot, n.

Defn: A bag made of thin glazed muslin, used as a wrapper for dress
goods. McElrath.

TILLOW
Til"low, v. i.

Defn: See 3d Tiller.

TILLY-VALLY
Til"ly-val`ly, interj., adv., or a.

Defn: A word of unknown origin and signification, formerly used as
expressive of contempt, or when anything said was reject as trifling
or impertinent. [Written also tille-vally, tilly-fally, tille-fally,
and otherwise.] Shak.

TILMUS
Til"mus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Floccillation.

TIL SEED
Til seed (til; tel).
 (a) The seed of sesame.
 (b) The seed of an African asteraceous plant (Guizotia abyssinica),
yielding a bland fixed oil used in medicine.

TILT
Tilt, n. Etym: [OE. telt (perhaps from the Danish), teld, AS. teld,
geteld; akin to OD. telde, G. zelt, Icel. tjald, Sw. tält, tjäll,
Dan. telt, and ASThe beteldan to cover.]

1. A covering overhead; especially, a tent. Denham.

2. The cloth covering of a cart or a wagon.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A cloth cover of a boat; a small canopy or awning extended over
the sternsheets of a boat. Tilt boat (Naut.), a boat covered with
canvas or other cloth.
 -- Tilt roof (Arch.), a round-headed roof, like the canopy of a
wagon.

TILT
Tilt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tilted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tilting.]

Defn: To cover with a tilt, or awning.

TILT
Tilt, v. t. Etym: [OE. tilten, tulten, to totter, fall, AS. tealt
unstable, precarious; akin to tealtrian to totter, to vacillate, D.
tel amble, ambling pace, G. zelt, Icel. tölt an ambling pace, tölta
to amble. Cf. Totter.]

1. To incline; to tip; to raise one end of for discharging liquor;
as, to tilt a barrel.

2. To point or thrust, as a lance.
Sons against fathers tilt the fatal lance. J. Philips.

3. To point or thrust a weapon at. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

4. To hammer or forge with a tilt hammer; as, to tilt steel in order
to render it more ductile.

TILT
Tilt, v. i.

1. To run or ride, and thrust with a lance; to practice the military
game or exercise of thrusting with a lance, as a combatant on
horseback; to joust; also, figuratively, to engage in any combat or
movement resembling that of horsemen tilting with lances.
He tilts With piercing steel at bold Mercutio's breast. Shak.
Swords out, and tilting one at other's breast. Shak.
But in this tournament can no man tilt. Tennyson.
The fleet, swift tilting, o'er the Pope.

2. To lean; to fall partly over; to tip.
The trunk of the body is kept from tilting forward by the muscles of
the back. Grew.

TILT
Tilt, n.

1. A thrust, as with a lance. Addison.

2. A military exercise on horseback, in which the combatants attacked
each other with lances; a tournament.

3. See Tilt hammer, in the Vocabulary.

4. Inclination forward; as, the tilt of a cask. Full tilt, with full
force. Dampier.

TILTER
Tilt"er, n.

1. One who tilts, or jousts; hence, one who fights.
Let me alone to match your tilter. Glanville.

2. One who operates a tilt hammer.

TILTH
Tilth, n. Etym: [AS. til, fr. tilian to till. See Till to cultivate.]

1. The state of being tilled, or prepared for a crop; culture; as,
land is good tilth.
The tilth and rank fertility of its golden youth. De Quincey.

2. That which is tilled; tillage ground. [R.]
And so by tilth and grange . . . We gained the mother city. Tennyson.

TILT HAMMER
Tilt" ham`mer.

Defn: A tilted hammer; a heavy hammer, used in iron works, which is
lifted or tilted by projections or wipers on a revolving shaft; a
trip hammer.

TILTING
Tilt"ing, n.

1. The act of one who tilts; a tilt.

2. The process by which blister steel is rendered ductile by being
forged with a tilt hammer. Tilting helmet, a helmet of large size and
unusual weight and strength, worn at tilts.

TILT-MILL
Tilt"-mill`, n.

Defn: A mill where a tilt hammer is used, or where the process of
tilting is carried on.

TIL TREE
Til" tree`. (Bot.)

Defn: See Teil.

TILT-UP
Tilt"-up`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Tip-up.

TILT-YARD
Tilt"-yard`, n.

Defn: A yard or place for tilting. "The tilt-yard of Templestowe."
Sir W. Scott.

TIMAL
Ti"mal, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

TIMALINE
Tim"a*line, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the genus Timalus or family Timalidæ, which
includes the babblers thrushes, and bulbuls.

TIMBAL
Tim"bal, n.

Defn: A kettledrum. See Tymbal.

TIMBALE
Tim`bale", n. [F., prop., a kettledrum; -- so named from the form of
the mold used. Cf. Timbal.] (Cookery)

Defn: A seasoned preparation, as of chicken, lobster, cheese, or
fish, cooked in a drum-shaped mold; also, a pastry case, usually
small, filled with a cooked mixture.

TIMBER
Tim"ber, n. Etym: [Probably the same word as timber sort of wood; cf.
Sw. timber, LG. timmer, MHG. zimber, G. zimmer, F. timbre, LL.
timbrium. Cf. Timmer.] (Com.)

Defn: A certain quantity of fur skins, as of martens, ermines,
sables, etc., packed between boards; being in some cases forty skins,
in others one hundred and twenty; -- called also timmer. [Written
also timbre.]

TIMBER
Tim"ber, n. Etym: [F. timbre. See Timbre.] (Her.)

Defn: The crest on a coat of arms. [Written also timbre.]

TIMBER
Tim"ber, v. t.

Defn: To surmount as a timber does. [Obs.]

TIMBER
Tim"ber, n. Etym: [AS. timbor, timber, wood, building; akin to
OFries. timber, D. timmer a room, G. zimmer, OHG. zimbar timber, a
dwelling, room, Icel. timbr timber, Sw. timmer, Dan. tömmer, Goth.
timrjan to build, timrja a builder, L. domus a house, Gr. dama a
house. *62. Cf. Dome, Domestic.]

1. That sort of wood which is proper for buildings or for tools,
utensils, furniture, carriages, fences, ships, and the like; --
usually said of felled trees, but sometimes of those standing. Cf.
Lumber, 3.
And ta'en my fiddle to the gate, . . . And fiddled in the timber!
Tennyson.

2. The body, stem, or trunk of a tree.

3. Fig.: Material for any structure.
Such dispositions are the very errors of human nature; and yet they
are the fittest timber to make politics of. Bacon.

4. A single piece or squared stick of wood intended for building, or
already framed; collectively, the larger pieces or sticks of wood,
forming the framework of a house, ship, or other structure, in
distinction from the covering or boarding.
So they prepared timber . . . to build the house. 1 Kings v. 18.
Many of the timbers were decayed. W. Coxe.

5. Woods or forest; wooden land. [Western U.S.]

6. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A rib, or a curving piece of wood, branching outward from the
keel and bending upward in a vertical direction. One timber is
composed of several pieces united. Timber and room. (Shipbuilding)
Same as Room and space. See under Room.
 -- Timber beetle (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of beetles the
larvæ of which bore in timber; as, the silky timber beetle (Lymexylon
sericeum).
 -- Timber doodle (Zoöl.), the American woodcock. [Local, U.S.] --
Timber grouse (Zoöl.), any species of grouse that inhabits woods, as
the ruffed grouse and spruce partridge; -- distinguished from prairie
grouse.
 -- Timber hitch (Naut.), a kind of hitch used for temporarily
marking fast a rope to a spar. See Illust. under Hitch.
 -- Timber mare, a kind of instrument upon which soldiers were
formerly compelled to ride for punishment. Johnson.
 -- Timber scribe, a metal tool or pointed instrument for marking
timber. Simmonds.
 -- Timber sow. (Zoöl.) Same as Timber worm, below. Bacon.
 -- Timber tree, a tree suitable for timber.
 -- Timber worm (Zoöl.), any larval insect which burrows in timber.
 -- Timber yard, a yard or place where timber is deposited.

TIMBER
Tim"ber, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Timbered; p. pr. & vb. n. Timbering.]

Defn: To furnish with timber; -- chiefly used in the past participle.
His bark is stoutly timbered. Shak.

TIMBER
Tim"ber, v. i.

1. To light on a tree. [Obs.]

2. (Falconry)

Defn: To make a nest.

TIMBERED
Tim"bered, a.

1. Furnished with timber; -- often compounded; as, a well-timbered
house; a low-timbered house. L'Estrange.

2. Built; formed; contrived. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

3. Massive, like timber. [Obs.]
His timbered bones all broken, rudely rumbled. Spenser.

4. Covered with growth timber; wooden; as, well-timbered land.

TIMBERHEAD
Tim"ber*head`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The top end of a timber, rising above the gunwale, and serving
for belaying ropes, etc.; -- called also kevel head.

TIMBERING
Tim"ber*ing, n.

Defn: The act of furnishing with timber; also, timbers, collectively;
timberwork; timber.

TIMBERLING
Tim"ber*ling, n. Etym: [Timber + -ling.]

Defn: A small tree. [Eng.]

TIMBERMAN
Tim"ber*man, n.; pl. Timbermen (. (Mining)

Defn: A man employed in placing supports of timber in a mine. Weale.

TIMBERWORK
Tim"ber*work`, n.

Defn: Work made of timbers.

TIMBRE
Tim"bre, n.

Defn: See 1st Timber.

TIMBRE
Tim"bre, n. Etym: [F., a bell to be struck with a hammer, sound,
tone, stamp, crest, in OF., a timbrel. Cf. Timbrel.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: The crest on a coat of arms.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The quality or tone distinguishing voices or instruments; tone
color; clang tint; as, the timbre of the voice; the timbre of a
violin. See Tone, and Partial tones, under Partial.

TIMBREL
Tim"brel, n. Etym: [Dim. of OE. timbre, OF. timbre; probably fr. L.
typmanum, Gr. tabl a drum; cf. Per. tambal a drum. See Tympanum, and
cf. 2d Timbre, Tymbal.] (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of drum, tabor, or tabret, in use from the highest
antiquity.
Miriam . . . took a timbrel in her hand, and all the women went out
after her with timbrels and with dances. Ex. xv. 20.

TIMBRELED; TIMBRELLED
Tim"breled, Tim"brelled, a.

Defn: Sung to the sound of the timbrel. "In vain with timbreled
anthems dark." Milton.

TIMBURINE
Tim`bu*rine", n.

Defn: A tambourine. [Obs.]

TIME
Time, n.; pl. Times. Etym: [OE. time, AS. tima, akin to tid time, and
to Icel. timi, Dan. time an hour, Sw. timme. *58. See Tide, n.]

1. Duration, considered independently of any system of measurement or
any employment of terms which designate limited portions thereof.
The time wasteth [i. e. passes away] night and day. Chaucer.
I know of no ideas . . . that have a better claim to be accounted
simple and original than those of space and time. Reid.

2. A particular period or part of duration, whether past, present, or
future; a point or portion of duration; as, the time was, or has
been; the time is, or will be.
God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past
unto the fathers by the prophets. Heb. i. 1.

3. The period at which any definite event occurred, or person lived;
age; period; era; as, the Spanish Armada was destroyed in the time of
Queen Elizabeth; -- often in the plural; as, ancient times; modern
times.

4. The duration of one's life; the hours and days which a person has
at his disposal.
Believe me, your time is not your own; it belongs to God, to
religion, to mankind. Buckminster.

5. A proper time; a season; an opportunity.
There is . . . a time to every purpose. Eccl. iii. 1.
The time of figs was not yet. Mark xi. 13.

6. Hour of travail, delivery, or parturition.
She was within one month of her time. Clarendon.

7. Performance or occurrence of an action or event, considered with
reference to repetition; addition of a number to itself; repetition;
as, to double cloth four times; four times four, or sixteen.
Summers three times eight save one. Milton.

8. The present life; existence in this world as contrasted with
immortal life; definite, as contrasted with infinite, duration.
Till time and sin together cease. Keble.

9. (Gram.)

Defn: Tense.

10. (Mus.)

Defn: The measured duration of sounds; measure; tempo; rate of
movement; rhythmical division; as, common or triple time; the
musician keeps good time.
Some few lines set unto a solemn time. Beau. & Fl.

Note: Time is often used in the formation of compounds, mostly self-
explaining; as, time-battered, time-beguiling, time-consecrated,
time-consuming, time-enduring, time-killing, time-sanctioned, time-
scorner, time-wasting, time-worn, etc. Absolute time, time
irrespective of local standards or epochs; as, all spectators see a
lunar eclipse at the same instant of absolute time.
 -- Apparent time, the time of day reckoned by the sun, or so that 12
o'clock at the place is the instant of the transit of the sun's
center over the meridian.
 -- Astronomical time, mean solar time reckoned by counting the hours
continuously up to twenty-four from one noon to the next.
 -- At times, at distinct intervals of duration; now and then; as, at
times he reads, at other times he rides.
 -- Civil time, time as reckoned for the purposes of common life in
distinct periods, as years, months, days, hours, etc., the latter,
among most modern nations, being divided into two series of twelve
each, and reckoned, the first series from midnight to noon, the
second, from noon to midnight.
 -- Common time (Mil.), the ordinary time of marching, in which
ninety steps, each twenty-eight inches in length, are taken in one
minute.
 -- Equation of time. See under Equation, n.
 -- In time. (a) In good season; sufficiently early; as, he arrived
in time to see the exhibition. (b) After a considerable space of
duration; eventually; finally; as, you will in time recover your
health and strength.
 -- Mean time. See under 4th Mean.
 -- Quick time (Mil.), time of marching, in which one hundred and
twenty steps, each thirty inches in length, are taken in one minute.
 -- Sidereal time. See under Sidereal.
 -- Standard time, the civil time that has been established by law or
by general usage over a region or country. In England the standard
time is Greenwich mean solar time. In the United States and Canada
four kinds of standard time have been adopted by the railroads and
accepted by the people, viz., Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific
time, corresponding severally to the mean local times of the 75th,
90th, 105th, and 120th meridians west from Greenwich, and being
therefore five, six, seven, and eight hours slower than Greenwich
time.
 -- Time ball, a ball arranged to drop from the summit of a pole, to
indicate true midday time, as at Greenwich Observatory, England.
Nichol.
 -- Time bargain (Com.), a contract made for the sale or purchase of
merchandise, or of stock in the public funds, at a certain time in
the future.
 -- Time bill. Same as Time-table. [Eng.] -- Time book, a book in
which is kept a record of the time persons have worked.
 -- Time detector, a timepiece provided with a device for registering
and indicating the exact time when a watchman visits certain stations
in his beat.
 -- Time enough, in season; early enough. "Stanly at Bosworth field,
. . . came time enough to save his life." Bacon.
 -- Time fuse, a fuse, as for an explosive projectile, which can be
so arranged as to ignite the charge at a certain definite interval
after being itself ignited.
 -- Time immemorial, or Time out of mind. (Eng. Law) See under
Immemorial.
 -- Time lock, a lock having clockwork attached, which, when wound
up, prevents the bolt from being withdrawn when locked, until a
certain interval of time has elapsed.
 -- Time of day, salutation appropriate to the times of the day, as
"good morning," "good evening," and the like; greeting.
 -- To kill time. See under Kill, v. t.
 -- To make time. (a) To gain time. (b) To occupy or use (a certain)
time in doing something; as, the trotting horse made fast time.
 -- To move, run, or go, against time, to move, run, or go a given
distance without a competitor, in the quickest possible time; or, to
accomplish the greatest distance which can be passed over in a given
time; as, the horse is to run against time.
 -- True time. (a) Mean time as kept by a clock going uniformly. (b)
(Astron.) Apparent time as reckoned from the transit of the sun's
center over the meridian.

TIME
Time, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Timed; p. pr. & vb. n. Timing.]

1. To appoint the time for; to bring, begin, or perform at the proper
season or time; as, he timed his appearance rightly.
There is no greater wisdom than well to time the beginnings and
onsets of things. Bacon.

2. To regulate as to time; to accompany, or agree with, in time of
movement.
Who overlooked the oars, and timed the stroke. Addison.
He was a thing of blood, whose every motion Was timed with dying
cries. Shak.

3. To ascertain or record the time, duration, or rate of; as, to time
the speed of horses, or hours for workmen.

4. To measure, as in music or harmony.

TIME
Time, v. i.

1. To keep or beat time; to proceed or move in time.
With oar strokes timing to their song. Whittier.

2. To pass time; to delay. [Obs.]

TIMEFUL
Time"ful, a.

Defn: Seasonable; timely; sufficiently early. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

TIME-HONORED
Time"-hon`ored, a.

Defn: Honored for a long time; venerable, and worthy of honor, by
reason of antiquity, or long continuance.

TIMEKEEPER
Time"keep`er, n.

1. A clock, watch, or other chronometer; a timepiece.

2. A person who keeps, marks, regulates, or determines the time.
Specifically: --
(a) A person who keeps a record of the time spent by workmen at their
work.
(b) One who gives the time for the departure of conveyances.
(c) One who marks the time in musical performances.
(d) One appointed to mark and declare the time of participants in
races or other contests.

TIMELESS
Time"less, a.

1. Done at an improper time; unseasonable; untimely. [R.]
Nor fits it to prolong the heavenly feast Timeless, indecent. Pope.

2. Done or occurring before the proper time; premature; immature; as,
a timeless grave. [Obs.]
Must I behold thy timeless, cruel death Shak.

3. Having no end; interminable; unending. "Timeless night and chaos."
Young.

TIMELESSLY
Time"less*ly, adv.

Defn: In a timeless manner; unseasonably. [R.] Milton.

TIMELINESS
Time"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being timely; seasonableness;
opportuneness.

TIMELING
Time"ling, n.

Defn: A timeserver. [Obs.]

TIMELY
Time"ly, a. [Compar. Timelier; superl. Timeliest.]

1. Being or occurring in good time; sufficiently early; seasonable.
"The timely dew of sleep." Milton.

2. Keeping time or measure. Spenser.

TIMELY
Time"ly, adv.

Defn: Early; soon; in good season.
Timely advised, the coming evil shun. Prior.
Thanks to you, That called me timelier than my purpose hither, For I
have gained by it. Shak.

TIMENOGUY
Ti*men"o*guy, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope carried taut between or over obstacles likely to engage
or foul the running rigging in working a ship.

TIMEOUS
Time"ous, a.

Defn: Timely; seasonable. [R. or Scot.] -- Time"ous*ly, adv. [R. or
Scot.]

TIMEPIECE
Time"piece`, n.

Defn: A clock, watch, or other instrument, to measure or show the
progress of time; a chronometer.

TIMEPLEASER
Time"pleas`er, n.

Defn: One who complies with prevailing opinions, whatever they may
be; a timeserver.
Timepleasers, flatterers, foes to nobleness. Shak.

TIME POLICY
Time policy. (Insurance)

Defn: A policy limited to become void at a specified time; -- often
contrasted with voyage policy.

TIMER
Tim"er, n.

Defn: A timekeeper; especially, a watch by which small intervals of
time can be measured; a kind of stop watch. It is used for timing the
speed of horses, machinery, etc.

TIMESAVING
Time"sav`ing, a.

Defn: Saving time; as, a timesaving expedient.

TIMESERVER
Time"serv`er, n.

Defn: One who adapts his opinions and manners to the times; one who
obsequiously compiles with the ruling power; -- now used only in a
bad sense.

TIMESERVING
Time"serv`ing, a.

Defn: Obsequiously complying with the spirit of the times, or the
humors of those in power.

TIMESERVING
Time"serv`ing, n.

Defn: An obsequious compliance with the spirit of the times, or the
humors of those in power, which implies a surrender of one's
independence, and sometimes of one's integrity.

Syn.
 -- Temporizing.
 -- Timeserving, Temporizing. Both these words are applied to the
conduct of one who adapts himself servilely to times and seasons. A
timeserver is rather active, and a temporizer, passive. One whose
policy is timeserving comes forward to act upon principles or
opinions which may promote his advancement; one who is temporizing
yields to the current of public sentiment or prejudice, and shrinks
from a course of action which might injure him with others. The
former is dishonest; the latter is weak; and both are contemptible.
Trimming and timeserving, which are but two words for the same thing,
. . . produce confusion. South.
[I] pronounce thee . . . a hovering temporizer, that Canst with thine
eyes at once see good and evil, Inclining to them both. Shak.

TIME SIGNATURE
Time signature. (Music)

Defn: A sign at the beginning of a composition or movement, placed
after the key signature, to indicate its time or meter. Also called
rhythmical signature. It is in the form of a fraction, of which the
denominator indicates the kind of note taken as time unit for the
beat, and the numerator, the number of these to the measure.

TIME-TABLE
Time"-ta`ble, n.

1. A tabular statement of the time at which, or within which, several
things are to take place, as the recitations in a school, the
departure and arrival of railroad trains or other public conveyances,
the rise and fall of the tides, etc.

2. (Railroad)

Defn: A plane surface divided in one direction with lines
representing hours and minutes, and in the other with lines
representing miles, and having diagonals (usually movable strings)
representing the speed and position of various trains.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A table showing the notation, length, or duration of the
several notes.

TIMID
Tim"id, a. Etym: [L. timidus, fr. timere to fear; cf. Skr. tam to
become breathless, to become stupefief: cf. F. timide.]

Defn: Wanting courage to meet danger; easily frightened; timorous;
not bold; fearful; shy.
Poor is the triumph o'er the timid hare. Thomson.

Syn.
 -- Fearful; timorous; afraid; cowardly; pusillanimous; faint-
hearted; shrinking; retiring.
 -- Tim"id*ly, adv.
 -- Tim"id*ness, n.

TIMIDITY
Ti*mid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. timiditas: cf. F. timidité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being timid; timorousness; timidness.

TIMIDOUS
Tim"id*ous, a.

Defn: Timid. [Obs.] Hudibras.

TIMIST
Tim"ist, n. Etym: [Written also timeist.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A performer who keeps good time.

2. A timeserver. [Obs.] Overbury.

TIMMER
Tim"mer, n.

Defn: Same as 1st Timber. [Scot.]

TIMOCRACY
Ti*moc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Gr. timocratie.] (Gr. Antiq.)
(a) A state in which the love of honor is the ruling motive.
(b) A state in which honors are distributed according to a rating of
property.

TIMOCRATIC
Ti`mo*crat"ic, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or constituted by, timocracy. Sir G. C. Lewis.

TIMONEER
Tim`o*neer", n. Etym: [F. timonier, fr. timon a helm, fr. L. temo, -
onis, a pole.]

Defn: A helmsman. [R.]

TIMOROUS
Tim"or*ous, a. Etym: [LL. timorosus, from L. timor fear; akin to
timere to fear. See Timid.]

1. Fearful of danger; timid; deficient in courage. Shak.

2. Indicating, or caused by, fear; as, timorous doubts. "The timorous
apostasy of chuchmen." Milman.
 -- Tim"or*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Tim"or*ous*ness, n.

TIMORSOME
Tim"or*some, a.

Defn: Easily frightened; timorous. [Written also timersome.] [Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.

TIMOTHY; TIMOTHY GRASS
Tim"o*thy, n., or Tim"o*thy grass`. Etym: [From Timothy Hanson, who
carried the seed from New England to Maryland about 1720.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of grass (Phleum pratense) with long cylindrical spikes;
-- called also herd's grass, in England, cat's-tail grass, and meadow
cat's-tail grass. It is much prized for fodder. See Illustration in
Appendix.

TIMOUS
Tim"ous, a. Etym: [Cf. Timeous.]

Defn: Timely; seasonable. [Obs.] Bacon.
 -- Tim"ous*ly, adv. [Obs.]

TIMPANO
Tim"pa*no, n.; pl. Timpani. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: See Tympano.

TIM-WHISKEY
Tim"-whis`key, n.

Defn: A kind of carriage. See Whiskey. Southery.

TIN
Tin, n. Etym: [As. tin; akin to D. tin, G. zinn, OHG. zin, Icel. &
Dan. tin, Sw. tenn; of unknown origin.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: An elementary substance found as an oxide in the mineral
cassiterite, and reduced as a soft white crystalline metal, malleable
at ordinary temperatures, but brittle when heated. It is not easily
oxidized in the air, and is used chiefly to coat iron to protect it
from rusting, in the form of tin foil with mercury to form the
reflective surface of mirrors, and in solder, bronze, speculum metal,
and other alloys. Its compounds are designated as stannous, or
stannic. Symbol Sn (Stannum). Atomic weight 117.4.

2. Thin plates of iron covered with tin; tin plate.

3. Money. [Cant] Beaconsfield. Block tin (Metal.), commercial tin,
cast into blocks, and partially refined, but containing small
quantities of various impurities, as copper, lead, iron, arsenic,
etc.; solid tin as distinguished from tin plate; -- called also bar
tin.
 -- Butter of tin. (Old Chem.) See Fuming liquor of Libavius, under
Fuming.
 -- Grain tin. (Metal.) See under Grain.
 -- Salt of tin (Dyeing), stannous chloride, especially so called
when used as a mordant.
 -- Stream tin. See under Stream.
 -- Tin cry (Chem.), the peculiar creaking noise made when a bar of
tin is bent. It is produced by the grating of the crystal granules on
each other.
 -- Tin foil, tin reduced to a thin leaf.
 -- Tin frame (Mining), a kind of buddle used in washing tin ore.
 -- Tin liquor, Tin mordant (Dyeing), stannous chloride, used as a
mordant in dyeing and calico printing.
 -- Tin penny, a customary duty in England, formerly paid to
tithingmen for liberty to dig in tin mines. [Obs.] Bailey.
 -- Tin plate, thin sheet iron coated with tin.
 -- Tin pyrites. See Stannite.

TIN
Tin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinned; p. pr. & vb. n. Tinning.]

Defn: To cover with tin or tinned iron, or to overlay with tin foil.

TINAMIDES
Ti*nam"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of struthious birds, including the tinamous.

TINAMOU
Tin"a*mou, n. Etym: [From the native name: cf. F. tinamous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of South American birds belonging to
Tinamus and allied genera.

Note: In general appearance and habits they resemble grouse and
partridges, but in anatomical characters they are allied to the
ostriches and other struthious birds. Their wings are of moderate
length, and they are able to fly a considerable distance.

TINCAL
Tin"cal, n. Etym: [Ar., Per. & Hind. tinkar; cf. Malay tingkal; all
fr. Skr. . Cf. Altincar.] (Chem.)

Defn: Crude native borax, formerly imported from Thibet. It was once
the chief source of boric compounds. Cf. Borax.

TINCHEL
Tin"chel, n. [Written also tinchill.] Etym: [Gael. timchioll a
circuit, compass.]

Defn: A circle of sportsmen, who, by surrounding an extensive space
and gradually closing in, bring a number of deer and game within a
narrow compass. [Scot.]
We'll quell the savage mountaineer, As their tinchel cows the game!
Sir W. Scott.

TINCT
Tinct, a. Etym: [L. tinctus, p.p. of tingere to tinge. See Tinge.]

Defn: Tined; tinged. [Archaic] Spenser.

TINCT
Tinct, n. Etym: [See Tint.]

Defn: Color; tinge; tincture; tint. [Archaic] "Blue of heaven's own
tinct." Shak.
All the devices blazoned on the shield, In their own tinct. Tennyson.

TINCT
Tinct, v. t. Etym: [See Tinge.]

Defn: To color or stain; to imblue; to tint. [Archaic] Bacon.

TINCTORIAL
Tinc*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. tinctorius, from tinctor a dyer, tingere,
tinctum, to dye: cf. F. tinctorial. See Tinge.]

Defn: Of or relating to color or colors; imparting a color; as,
tinctorial matter. Ure.

TINCTURE
Tinc"ture, n. Etym: [L. tinctura a dyeing, from tingere, tinctum, to
tinge, dye: cf. OE. tainture, teinture, F. teinture, L. tinctura. See
Tinge.]

1. A tinge or shade of color; a tint; as, a tincture of red.

2. (Her.)

Defn: One of the metals, colors, or furs used in armory.

Note: There are two metals: gold, called or, and represented in
engraving by a white surface covered with small dots; and silver,
called argent, and represented by a plain white surface. The colors
and their representations are as follows: red, called gules, or a
shading of vertical lines; blue, called azure, or horizontal lines;
black, called sable, or horizontal and vertical lines crossing;
green, called vert, or diagonal lines from dexter chief corner;
purple, called purpure, or diagonal lines from sinister chief corner.
The furs are ermine, ermines, erminois, pean, vair, counter vair,
potent, and counter potent. See Illustration in Appendix.

3. The finer and more volatile parts of a substance, separated by a
solvent; an extract of a part of the substance of a body communicated
to the solvent.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A solution (commonly colored) of medicinal substance in
alcohol, usually more or less diluted; spirit containing medicinal
substances in solution.

Note: According to the United States Pharmacopoeia, the term tincture
(also called alcoholic tincture, and spirituous tincture) is reserved
for the alcoholic solutions of nonvolatile substances, alcoholic
solutions of volatile substances being called spirits. Ethereal
tincture, a solution of medicinal substance in ether.

5. A slight taste superadded to any substance; as, a tincture of
orange peel.

6. A slight quality added to anything; a tinge; as, a tincture of
French manners.
All manners take a tincture from our own. Pope.
Every man had a slight tincture of soldiership, and scarcely any man
more than a slight tincture. Macaulay.

TINCTURE
Tinc"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinctured; p. pr. & vb. n.
Tincturing.]

1. To communicate a slight foreign color to; to tinge; to impregnate
with some extraneous matter.
A little black paint will tincture and spoil twenty gay colors. I.
Watts.

2. To imbue the mind of; to communicate a portion of anything foreign
to; to tinge.
The stain of habitual sin may thoroughly tincture all our soul.
Barrow.

TIND
Tind, v. t. Etym: [OE. tenden, AS. tendan; akin to G. zünden, OHG.
zunten, Icel. tendra, Sw. tända, Dan. tænde, Goth. tandjan to kindle,
tundnan to be kindled, to burn. Cf. Tinder.]

Defn: To kindle. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.

TINDAL
Tin"dal, n. Etym: [From the native name: cf. Malayalam ta.]

1. A petty officer among lascars, or native East Indian sailors; a
boatswain's mate; a cockswain. [India] Malcom.

2. An attendant on an army. [India] Simmonds.

TINDER
Tin"der, n. Etym: [OE. tinder, tunder, AS. tynder, tyndre; akin to
tendan to kindle, D. tonder tinder, G. zunder, OHG. zuntara, zuntra,
Icel. tundr, Sw. tunder, Dan. tönder. See Tind.]

Defn: Something very inflammable, used for kindling fire from a
spark, as scorched linen. German tinder. Same as Amadou.
 -- Tinder box, a box in which tinder is kept.

TINE
Tine, n. Etym: [See Teen affliction.]

Defn: Trouble; distress; teen. [Obs.] "Cruel winter's tine." Spenser.

TINE
Tine, v. t. Etym: [See Tind.]

Defn: To kindle; to set on fire. [Obs.] See Tind. "To tine the cloven
wood." Dryden.
Coals of contention and hot vegneance tind. Spenser.

TINE
Tine, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Tine distress, or Tine to kindle.]

Defn: To kindle; to rage; to smart. [Obs.]
Ne was there slave, ne was there medicine That mote recure their
wounds; so inly they did tine. Spenser.

TINE
Tine, v. t. Etym: [AS. t, from t an inclosure. See Town.]

Defn: To shut in, or inclose. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

TINE
Tine, n. Etym: [OE. tind, AS. tind; akin to MHG. zint, Icel. tindr,
Sw. tinne, and probably to G. zinne a pinnacle, OHG. zinna, and E.
tooth. See Tooth.]

Defn: A tooth, or spike, as of a fork; a prong, as of an antler.

TINEA
Tin"e*a, n. Etym: [L., a worm, a moth.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A name applied to various skin diseases, but especially to
ringworm. See Ringworm, and Sycosis.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small Lepidoptera, including the clothes moths and
carpet moths.

TINEAN
Tin"e*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Tinea, or of the family Tineidæ, which includes
numerous small moths, many of which are injurious to woolen and fur
goods and to cultivated plants. Also used adjectively.

TINED
Tined, a.

Defn: Furnished with tines; as, a three-tined fork.

TINEID
Tin"e*id, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Tinean.

TINEMAN
Tine"man, n.; pl. Tinemen. Etym: [Probably akin to tine to shut or
inclose.] (O. Eng. Forest Law)

Defn: An officer of the forest who had the care of vert and venison
by night. [Obs.]

TINET
Ti"net, n. Etym: [From Tine to shut in, inclose.]

Defn: Brushwood and thorns for making and repairing hedges. [Obs.
Eng.]

TING
Ting, n. Etym: [An imitative word. Cf. Tink.]

Defn: A sharp sound, as of a bell; a tinkling.

TING
Ting, v. i.

Defn: To sound or ring, as a bell; to tinkle. [R.] Holland.

TING
Ting, n.

Defn: The apartment in a Chinese temple where the idol is kept.

TINGE
Tinge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinged; p. pr. & vb. n. Tingeing.] Etym:
[L. tingere, tinctum, to dye, stain, wet; akin to Gr. tunken to dip,
OHG. tunchon, dunchon, thunkon. Cf. Distain, Dunker, Stain, Taint a
stain, to stain, Tincture, Tint.]

Defn: To imbue or impregnate with something different or foreign; as,
to tinge a decoction with a bitter taste; to affect in some degree
with the qualities of another substance, either by mixture, or by
application to the surface; especially, to color slightly; to stain;
as, to tinge a blue color with red; an infusion tinged with a yellow
color by saffron.
His [Sir Roger's] virtues, as well as imperfections, are tinged by a
certain extravagance. Addison.

Syn.
 -- To color; dye; stain.

TINGE
Tinge, n.

Defn: A degree, usually a slight degree, of some color, taste, or
something foreign, infused into another substance or mixture, or
added to it; tincture; color; dye; hue; shade; taste.
His notions, too, respecting the government of the state, took a
tinge from his notions respecting the government of the church.
Macaulay.

TINGENT
Tin"gent, a. Etym: [L. tingens, p.pr. of tingere to tinge. See
Tinge.]

Defn: Having the power to tinge. [R.]
As for the white part, it appears much less enriched with the tingent
property. Boyle.

TINGER
Tin"ger, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, tinges.

TINGID
Tin"gid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the genus Tingis.

TINGIS
Tin"gis, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small hemipterous insects which injure trees by
sucking the sap from the leaves. See Illustration in Appendix.

TINGLE
Tin"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tingled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tingling.]
Etym: [Freq. of ting. Cf. Tinkle.]

1. To feel a kind of thrilling sensation, as in hearing a shrill
sound.
At which both the ears of every one that heareth it shall tingle. 1
Sam. iii. 11.

2. To feel a sharp, thrilling pain.
The pale boy senator yet tingling stands. Pope.

3. To have, or to cause, a sharp, thrilling sensation, or a slight
pricking sensation.
They suck pollution through their tingling vein. Tickell.

TINK
Tink, v. i. Etym: [OE. tinken; of imitative origin. Cf. Ting a
tinkling, Tinker.]

Defn: To make a sharp, shrill noise; to tinkle. Wyclif (1 Cor. xiii.
1).

TINK
Tink, n.

Defn: A sharp, quick sound; a tinkle.

TINKER
Tink"er, n. Etym: [From Tink, because the tinker's way of proclaiming
his trade is to beat a kettle, or because in his work he makes a
tinkling noise. Johnson.]

1. A mender of brass kettles, pans, and other metal ware. "Tailors
and tinkers." Piers Plowman.

2. One skilled in a variety of small mechanical work.

3. (Ordnance)

Defn: A small mortar on the end of a staff.

4. (Zoöl.)
(a) A young mackerel about two years old.
(b) The chub mackerel.
(c) The silversides.
(d) A skate. [Prov. Eng.]

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The razor-billed auk.

TINKER
Tink"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinkered; p. pr. & vb. n. Tinkering.]

Defn: To mend or solder, as metal wares; hence, more generally, to
mend.

TINKER
Tink"er, v. i.

Defn: To busy one's self in mending old kettles, pans, etc.; to play
the tinker; to be occupied with small mechanical works.

TINKERING
Tink"er*ing, n.

Defn: The act or work of a tinker.

TINKERLY
Tink"er*ly, a.

Defn: After the manner of a tinker. [R.]

TINKERSHIRE; TINKLE
Tink"er*shire, Tin"kle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common guillemot. [Prov. Eng.]

TINKLE
Tin"kle, v. i. Etym: [Freq. of tink. See Tink, Tingle.]

1. To make, or give forth, small, quick, sharp sounds, as a piece of
metal does when struck; to clink.
As sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal. 1 Cor. xiii. 1.
The sprightly horse Moves to the music of his tinkling bells.
Dodsley.

2. To hear, or resound with, a small, sharp sound.
And his ears tinkled, and the color fled. Dryden.

TINKLE
Tin"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinkled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tinkling.]

Defn: To cause to clonk, or make small, sharp, quick sounds.

TINKLE
Tin"kle, n.

Defn: A small, sharp, quick sound, as that made by striking metal.
Cowper.

TINKLER
Tin"kler, n.

Defn: A tinker. [Prov. Eng.]

TINKLING
Tin"kling, n.

1. A tinkle, or succession of tinkles.
Drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds. Gray.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A grackle (Quiscalus crassirostris) native of Jamaica. It often
associates with domestic cattle, and rids them of insects.

TINMAN
Tin"man, n.; pl. Tinmen (.

Defn: A manufacturer of tin vessels; a dealer in tinware.

TINMOUTH
Tin"mouth`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crappie. [U.S.]

TINNED
Tinned, a.

1. Covered, or plated, with tin; as, a tinned roof; tinned iron.

2. Packed in tin cases; canned; as, tinned meats. Cassell (Dict. of
Cookery).

TINNEN
Tin"nen, a.

Defn: Made or consisting of tin. [Obs.]

TINNER
Tin"ner, n.

1. One who works in a tin mine.

2. One who makes, or works in, tinware; a tinman.

TINNIENT
Tin"ni*ent, a. Etym: [L. tinniens, p.pr. of tinnire to ring, tinkle.]

Defn: Emitting a clear sound. [Obs.]

TINNING
Tin"ning, n.

1. The act, art, or process of covering or coating anything with
melted tin, or with tin foil, as kitchen utensils, locks, and the
like.

2. The covering or lining of tin thus put on.

TINNITUS
Tin*ni"tus, n. Etym: [L., fr. tinnire to jingle.] (Med.)

Defn: A ringing, whistling, or other imaginary noise perceived in the
ears; -- called also tinnitus aurium.

TINNOCK
Tin"nock, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

TINNY
Tin"ny, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, abounding with, or resembling, tin. "The tinny
strand." Drayton.

TINSEL
Tin"sel, n. Etym: [F. étincelle a spark, OF. estincelle, L.
scintilla. Cf. Scintillate, Stencil.]

1. A shining material used for ornamental purposes; especially, a
very thin, gauzelike cloth with much gold or silver woven into it;
also, very thin metal overlaid with a thin coating of gold or silver,
brass foil, or the like.
Who can discern the tinsel from the gold Dryden.

2. Something shining and gaudy; something superficially shining and
showy, or having a false luster, and more gay than valuable.
O happy peasant! O unhappy bard! His the mere tinsel, hers the rich
reward. Cowper.

TINSEL
Tin"sel, a.

Defn: Showy to excess; gaudy; specious; superficial. "Tinsel
trappings." Milton.

TINSEL
Tin"sel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinseled or Tinselled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Tinseling or Tinselling.]

Defn: To adorn with tinsel; to deck out with cheap but showy
ornaments; to make gaudy.
She, tinseled o'er in robes of varying hues. Pope.

TINSELLY
Tin"sel*ly, a.

Defn: Like tinsel; gaudy; showy, but cheap.

TINSELLY
Tin"sel*ly, adv.

Defn: In a showy and cheap manner.

TINSMITH
Tin"smith`, n.

Defn: One who works in tin; a tinner.

TINSTONE
Tin"stone`, n. (Min.)

Defn: Cassiterite.

TINT
Tint, n. Etym: [For older tinct, fr. L. tinctus, p.p. of tingere to
dye: cf. F. teinte, teint, It. tinta, tinto. See Tinge, and cf. Taint
to stain, a stain, Tent a kind of wine, Tinto.]

Defn: A slight coloring. Specifically: --
(a) A pale or faint tinge of any color.
Or blend in beauteous tints the colored mass. Pope.
Their vigor sickens, and their tints decline. Harte.

(b) A color considered with reference to other very similar colors;
as, red and blue are different colors, but two shades of scarlet are
different tints.
(c) (Engraving) A shaded effect produced by the juxtaposition of many
fine parallel lines. Tint tool (Eng.), a species of graver used for
cutting the parallel lines which produce tints in engraving.

TINT
Tint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tinting.]

Defn: To give a slight coloring to; to tinge.

TINTAMAR
Tin`ta*mar", n. Etym: [F. tintamarre.]

Defn: A hideous or confused noise; an uproar. [Obs.] Howell.

TINTERNELL
Tin"ter*nell, n.

Defn: A certain old dance. [Obs.] Halliwell.

TINTIE
Tin"tie, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wren. [Prov. Eng.]

TINTINNABULAR; TINTINNABULARY
Tin`tin*nab"u*lar, Tin`tin*nab"u*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. tintinnabuluma
little bell, fr. tintinnare to ring, to jingle, tinnire to jingle.]

Defn: Having or making the sound of a bell; tinkling.

TINTINNABULATION
Tin`tin*nab`u*la"tion, n.

Defn: A tinkling sound, as of a bell or bells. Poe.

TINTINNABULOUS
Tin`tin*nab"u*lous, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the tinkling of a bell;
having a tinkling sound; tintinnabular. De Quincey.

TINTINNABULUM
Tin`tin*nab"u*lum, n.; pl. Tintinnabula (#). [L., a bell. See
Tintinnabular.]

Defn: A bell; also, a set or combination of bells or metal plates
used as a musical instrument or as a toy.

TINTO
Tin"to, n. Etym: [Pg., tinged, fr. L. tinctus, p.p. of tingere to
tinge. See Tint, n.]

Defn: A red Madeira wine, wanting the high aroma of the white sorts,
and, when old, resembling tawny port.

TINTOMETER
Tint*om"e*ter, n.  [Tint + -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An apparatus for the determination of colors by comparison with
arbitrary standards; a colorimeter.

TINTYPE
Tin"type`, n.

Defn: Same as Ferrotype.

TINWARE
Tin"ware`, n.

Defn: Articles made of tinned iron.

TINY
Ti"ny, a. [Compar. Tinier; superl. Tiniest.] Etym: [Probably fr.
tine, teen, trouble, distress, vexation.]

Defn: Very small; little; puny.
When that I was and a little tiny boy. Shak.

TIP
Tip, n. Etym: [Akin to D. & Dan. tip, LG. & Sw. tipp, G. zipfel, and
probably to E. tap a plug, a pipe.]

1. The point or extremity of anything; a pointed or somewhat sharply
rounded end; the end; as, the tip of the finger; the tip of a spear.
To the very tip of the nose. Shak.

2. An end piece or part; a piece, as a cap, nozzle, ferrule, or
point, applied to the extreme end of anything; as, a tip for an
umbrella, a shoe, a gas burner, etc.

3. (Hat Manuf.)

Defn: A piece of stiffened lining pasted on the inside of a hat
crown.

4. A thin, boarded brush made of camel's hair, used by gilders in
lifting gold leaf.

5. Rubbish thrown from a quarry.

TIP
Tip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Tipping.]

Defn: To form a point upon; to cover the tip, top, or end of; as, to
tip anything with gold or silver.
With truncheon tipped with iron head. Hudibras.
Tipped with jet, Fair ermines spotless as the snows they press.
Thomson.

TIP
Tip, v. t. Etym: [Cf. LG. tippen to tap, Sw. tippa, and E. tap to
strike gently.]

1. To strike slightly; to tap.
A third rogue tips me by the elbow. Swift.

2. To bestow a gift, or douceur, upon; to give a present to; as, to
tip a servant. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

3. To lower one end of, or to throw upon the end; to tilt; as, to tip
a cask; to tip a cart. To tip off, to pour out, as liquor.
 -- To tip over, to overturn.
 -- To tip the wink, to direct a wink; to give a hint or suggestion
by, or as by, a wink. [Slang] Pope.
 -- To tip up, to turn partly over by raising one end.

TIP
Tip, v. i.

Defn: To fall on, or incline to, one side. Bunyan. To tip off, to
fall off by tipping.

TIP
Tip, n. Etym: [See Tip to strike slightly, and cf. Tap a slight
blow.]

1. A light touch or blow; a tap.

2. A gift; a douceur; a fee. [Colloq.]

3. A hint, or secret intimation, as to the chances in a horse race,
or the like. [Sporting Cant]

TIPCART
Tip"cart`, n.

Defn: A cart so constructed that the body can be easily tipped, in
order to dump the load.

TIPCAT
Tip"cat`, n.

Defn: A game in which a small piece of wood pointed at both ends,
called a cat, is tipped, or struck with a stick or bat, so as to fly
into the air.
In the middle of a game at tipcat, he paused, and stood staring
wildly upward with his stick in his hand. Macaulay.

TIPPER
Tip"per, n.

Defn: A kind of ale brewed with brackish water obtained from a
particular well; -- so called from the first brewer of it, one Thomas
Tipper. [Eng.]

TIPPET
Tip"pet, n. Etym: [OE. tipet, tepet, AS. tæppet, probably fr. L.
tapete tapestry, hangings. Cf. Tape, Tapestry, Tapet.]

1. A cape, or scarflike garment for covering the neck, or the neck
and shoulders, -- usually made of fur, cloth, or other warm material.
Chaucer. Bacon.

2. A length of twisted hair or gut in a fish line. [Scot.]

3. A handful of straw bound together at one end, and used for
thatching. [Scot.] Jamieson. Tippet grebe (Zoöl.), the great crested
grebe, or one of several similar species.
 -- Tippet grouse (Zoöl.), the ruffed grouse.
 -- To turn tippet, to change. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

TIPPING
Tip"ping, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A distinct articulation given in playing quick notes on the
flute, by striking the tongue against the roof of the mouth; double-
tonguing.

TIPPLE
Tip"ple, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tippled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tippling.]
Etym: [From tip a small end, or a word akin to it; cf. Norw. tipla to
tipple, to drip, Prov. E. tip, tiff, tift, a draught of liquor, dial.
G. zipfeln to eat and drink in small parts. See Tip a point, and cf.
Tipsy.]

Defn: To drink spirituous or strong liquors habitually; to indulge in
the frequent and improper used of spirituous liquors; especially, to
drink frequently in small quantities, but without absolute
drunkeness.
Few of those who were summoned left their homes, and those few
generally found it more agreeable to tipple in alehouses than to pace
the streets. Macaulay.

TIPPLE
Tip"ple, v. t.

1. To drink, as strong liquors, frequently or in excess.
Himself, for saving charges, A peeled, sliced onions eats, and
tipples verjuice. Dryden.

2. To put up in bundles in order to dry, as hay.

TIPPLE
Tip"ple, n.

Defn: Liquor taken in tippling; drink.
Pulque, the national tipple of Mexico. S. B. Griffin.

TIPPLED
Tip"pled, a.

Defn: Intoxicated; inebriated; tipsy; drunk. [R.] Dryden.

TIPPLER
Tip"pler, n.

1. One who keeps a tippling-house. [Obs.] Latimer.

2. One who habitually indulges in the excessive use of spirituous
liquors, whether he becomes intoxicated or not.

TIPPLING-HOUSE
Tip"pling-house`, n.

Defn: A house in which liquors are sold in drams or small quantities,
to be drunk on the premises.

TIPSIFY
Tip"si*fy, v. t. Etym: [Tipsy + -fy.]

Defn: To make tipsy. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

TIPSILY
Tip"si*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tipsy manner; like one tipsy.

TIPSINESS
Tip"si*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being tipsy.

TIPSTAFF
Tip"staff`, n.; pl. Tipstaff (.

1. A staff tipped with metal. Bacon.

2. An officer who bears a staff tipped with metal; a constable.
Macaulay.

TIPSTER
Tip"ster, n. [Tip a hint + -ster.]

Defn: One who makes a practice of giving or selling tips, or private
hints or information, esp. for use in gambling upon the probable
outcome of events, as horse races.

TIPSTOCK
Tip"stock`, n.

Defn: The detachable or movable fore part of a gunstock, lying
beneath the barrel or barrels, and forming a hold for the left hand.

TIPSY
Tip"sy, a. [Compar. Tipsier; superl. Tipsiest.] Etym: [Akin to
tipple; cf. Prov. G. tips drunkenness, betipst drunk, tipsy. See
Tipple.]

1. Being under the influence of strong drink; rendered weak or
foolish by liquor, but not absolutely or completely drunk; fuddled;
intoxicated.

2. Staggering, as if from intoxication; reeling.
Midnight shout and revelry, Tipsy dance and jollity. Milton.

TIPTOE
Tip"toe`, n.; pl. Tiptoes (.

Defn: The end, or tip, of the toe.
He must . . . stand on his typtoon [tiptoes]. Chaucer.
Upon his tiptoes stalketh stately by. Spenser.
To be, or To stand, a tiptoe or on tiptoe, to be awake or alive to
anything; to be roused; to be eager or alert; as, to be a tiptoe with
expectation.

TIPTOE
Tip"toe`, a.

1. Being on tiptoe, or as on tiptoe; hence, raised as high as
possible; lifted up; exalted; also, alert.
Night's candles are burnt out, and jocund day Stands tiptoe on the
misty mountain tops. Shak.
Above the tiptoe pinnacle of glory. Byron.

2. Noiseless; stealthy. "With tiptoe step." Cowper. Tiptoe mirth, the
highest degree of mirth. Sir W. Scott.

TIPTOE
Tip"toe`, v. i.

Defn: To step or walk on tiptoe.

TIPTOP
Tip"top`, n. Etym: [Tip end + top.]

Defn: The highest or utmost degree; the best of anything. [Colloq.]

TIPTOP
Tip"top`, a.

Defn: Very excellent; most excellent; perfect. [Colloq.] "Four tiptop
voices." Gray. "Sung in a tiptop manner." Goldsmith.

TIPULA
Tip"u*la, n.; pl. L. Tipulæ, E. Tipulas. Etym: [L., the water spider,
or water spinner.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of many species of long-legged dipterous insects
belonging to Tipula and allied genera. They have long and slender
bodies. See Crane fly, under Crane.

TIPULARY
Tip"u*la*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. tipulaire.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tipulas.

TIP-UP
Tip"-up`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The spotted sandpiper; -- called also teeter-tail. See under
Sandpiper.

TIRADE
Ti*rade", n. Etym: [F., fr. It. tirada, properly, a pulling; hence, a
lengthening out, a long speech, a tirade, fr. tirare to draw; of
Teutonic origin, and akin to E. tear to redn. See Tear to rend, and
cf. Tire to tear.]

Defn: A declamatory strain or flight of censure or abuse; a rambling
invective; an oration or harangue abounding in censorious and bitter
language.
Here he delivers a violent tirade against persons who profess to know
anything about angels. Quarterly Review.

TIRAILLEUR
Ti`rail`leur", n. Etym: [F., from tirailler to skirmish, wrest, from
tirer to draw.] (Mil.)

Defn: Formerly, a member of an independent body of marksmen in the
French army. They were used sometimes in front of the army to annoy
the enemy, sometimes in the rear to check his pursuit. The term is
now applied to all troops acting as skirmishers.

TIRE
Tire, n.

Defn: A tier, row, or rank. See Tier. [Obs.]
In posture to displode their second tire Of thunder. Milton.

TIRE
Tire, n. Etym: [Aphetic form of attire; OE. tir, a tir. See Attire.]

1. Attire; apparel. [Archaic] "Having rich tire about you." Shak.

2. A covering for the head; a headdress.
On her head she wore a tire of gold. Spenser.

3. A child's apron, covering the breast and having no sleeves; a
pinafore; a tier.

4. Furniture; apparatus; equipment. [Obs.] "The tire of war."
Philips.

5. Etym: [Probably the same word, and so called as being an attire or
covering for the wheel.]

Defn: A hoop or band, as of metal, on the circumference of the wheel
of a vehicle, to impart strength and receive the wear.

Note: The iron tire of a wagon wheel or cart wheel binds the fellies
together. The tire of a locomotive or railroad-car wheel is a heavy
hoop of iron or steel shrunk tightly upon an iron central part. The
wheel of a bicycle has a tire of India rubber.

TIRE
Tire, v. t.

Defn: To adorn; to attire; to dress. [Obs.]
[Jezebel] painted her face, and tired her head. 2 Kings ix. 30.

TIRE
Tire, v. i. Etym: [F. tirer to draw or pull; of Teutonic origin, and
akin to E. tear to rend. See Tirade.]

1. To seize, pull, and tear prey, as a hawk does. [Obs.]
Even as an empty eagle, sharp by fast, Tires with her beak on
feathers, flesh, and bone. Shak.
Ye dregs of baseness, vultures among men, That tire upon the hearts
of generous spirits. B. Jonson.

2. To seize, rend, or tear something as prey; to be fixed upon, or
engaged with, anything. [Obs.]
Thus made she her remove, And left wrath tiring on her son. Chapman.
Upon that were my thoughts tiring. Shak.

TIRE
Tire, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tired; p. pr. & vb. n. Tiring.] Etym: [OE.
teorien to become weary, to fail, AS. teorian to be tired, be weary,
to tire, exhaust; perhaps akin to E. tear to rend, the intermediate
sense being, perhaps, to wear out; or cf. E. tarry.]

Defn: To become weary; to be fatigued; to have the strength fail; to
have the patience exhausted; as, a feeble person soon tires.

TIRE
Tire, v. t.

Defn: To exhaust the strength of, as by toil or labor; to exhaust the
patience of; to wear out (one's interest, attention, or the like); to
weary; to fatigue; to jade. Shak.
Tired with toil, all hopes of safety past. Dryden.
To tire out, to weary or fatigue to exhaustion; to harass.

Syn.
 -- To jade; weary; exhaust; harass. See Jade.

TIRED
Tired, a.

Defn: Weary; fatigued; exhausted.

TIREDNESS
Tired"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being tired, or weary.

TIRELESS
Tire"less, a.

Defn: Untiring.

TIRELING
Tire"ling, a.

Defn: Tired; fatigued. [Obs.]

TIRESOME
Tire"some, a.

Defn: Fitted or tending to tire; exhausted; wearisome; fatiguing;
tedious; as, a tiresome journey; a tiresome discourse.
 -- Tire"some*ly, adv.
 -- Tire"some*ness, n.

TIRE-WOMAN
Tire"-wom`an, n.; pl. Tire-women. Etym: [See Tire attire, Attire.]

1. A lady's maid.
Fashionableness of the tire-woman's making. Locke.

2. A dresser in a theater. Simmonds.

TIRING-HOUSE
Tir"ing-house`, n. Etym: [For attiring house.]

Defn: A tiring-room. [Obs.] Shak.

TIRING-ROOM
Tir"ing-room`, n. Etym: [For attiring room.]

Defn: The room or place where players dress for the stage.

TIRL
Tirl, v. i. [Cf. Twirl, Thirl.] [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

1. To quiver; to vibrate; to veer about.

2.  To make a ratting or clattering sound by twirling or shaking; as,
to tirl at the pin, or latch, of a door.

TIRMA
Tir"ma, n.

Defn: The oyster catcher. [Prov. Eng.]

TIRO
Ti"ro, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Same as Tyro.

T IRON
T" i`ron.

Defn: See under T.

TIRONIAN
Ti*ro"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Tironianus, fr. Tiro, the learned freedman
and amanuensis of Cicero.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Tiro, or a system of shorthand said to have
been introduced by him into ancient Rome.

TIRRALIRRA
Tir"ra*lir`ra, n.

Defn: A verbal imitation of a musical sound, as of the note of a lark
or a horn.
The lark, that tirra lyra chants. Shak.
"Tirralira, " by the river, Sang Sir Lancelot. Tennyson.

TIRRIT
Tir"rit, n.

Defn: A word from the vocabulary of Mrs. Quickly, the hostess in
Shakespeare's Henry IV., probably meaning terror.

TIRWIT
Tir"wit, n. Etym: [Cf. Pewit.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lapwing. [Prov. Eng.]

'T IS
'T is.

Defn: A common contraction of it is.

TISANE
Ti*sane", n. Etym: [F.] (Med.)

Defn: See Ptisan.

TISAR
Ti"sar, n. Etym: [F. tisard.] (Glass Manuf.)

Defn: The fireplace at the side of an annealing oven. Knight.

TISIC; TISICAL
Tis"ic, Tis"ic*al, a. Etym: [For phthisic, phthisical.]

Defn: Consumptive, phthisical.

TISIC
Tis"ic, n.

Defn: Consumption; phthisis. See Phthisis.

TISICKY
Tis"ick*y, a.

Defn: Consumptive, phthisical.

TISRI
Tis"ri, n. Etym: [Heb. tishri, fr. Chald. shera' to open, to begin.]

Defn: The seventh month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, answering
to a part of September with a part of October.

TISSUE
Tis"sue, n. Etym: [F. tissu, fr. tissu, p.p. of tisser, tistre, to
weave, fr. L. texere. See Text.]

1. A woven fabric.

2. A fine transparent silk stuff, used for veils, etc.; specifically,
cloth interwoven with gold or silver threads, or embossed with
figures.
A robe of tissue, stiff with golden wire. Dryden.
In their glittering tissues bear emblazed Holy memorials. Milton.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: One of the elementary materials or fibres, having a uniform
structure and a specialized function, of which ordinary animals and
plants are composed; a texture; as, epithelial tissue; connective
tissue.

Note: The term tissue is also often applied in a wider sense to all
the materials or elementary tissues, differing in structure and
function, which go to make up an organ; as, vascular tissue,
tegumentary tissue, etc.

4. Fig.: Web; texture; complicated fabrication; connected series; as,
a tissue of forgeries, or of falsehood.
Unwilling to leave the dry bones of Agnosticism wholly unclothed with
any living tissue of religious emotion. A. J. Balfour.
Tissue paper, very thin, gauzelike paper, used for protecting
engravings in books, for wrapping up delicate articles, etc.

TISSUE
Tis"sue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tissued; p. pr. & vb. n. Tissuing.]

Defn: To form tissue of; to interweave.
Covered with cloth of gold tissued upon blue. Bacon.

TISSUED
Tis"sued, a.

Defn: Clothed in, or adorned with, tissue; also, variegated; as,
tissued flowers. Cowper.
And crested chiefs and tissued dames Assembled at the clarion's call.
T. Warton.

TIT
Tit, n.

1. A small horse. Tusser.

2. A woman; -- used in contempt. Burton.

3. A morsel; a bit. Halliwell.

4. Etym: [OE.; cf. Icel. titter a tit or small bird. The word
probably meant originally, something small, and is perhaps the same
as teat. Cf. Titmouse, Tittle.] (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of numerous species of small singing birds belonging to
the families Paridæ and Leiotrichidæ; a titmouse.
(b) The European meadow pipit; a titlark. Ground tit. (Zoöl.) See
Wren tit, under Wren.
 -- Hill tit (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Asiatic singing
birds belonging to Siva, Milna, and allied genera.
 -- Tit babbler (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small East
Indian and Asiatic timaline birds of the genus Trichastoma.
 -- Tit for tat. Etym: [Probably for tip for tap. See Tip a slight
blow.] An equivalent; retaliation.
 -- Tit thrush (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Asiatic and
Esat Indian birds belonging to Suthora and allied genera. In some
respects they are intermediate between the thrushes and titmice.

TITAN
Ti"tan, a.

Defn: Titanic.
The Titan physical difficulties of his enterprise. I. Taylor.

TITANATE
Ti"tan*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of titanic acid.

TITAN CRANE
Ti"tan crane. (Mach.)

Defn: A massive crane with an overhanging counterbalanced arm
carrying a traveler and lifting crab, the whole supported by a
carriage mounted on track rails. It is used esp. for setting heavy
masonry blocks for piers, breakwaters, etc.

TITANIC
Ti*tan"ic, a.

Defn: Of or relating to Titans, or fabled giants of ancient
mythology; hence, enormous in size or strength; as, Titanic
structures.

TITANIC
Ti*tan"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. titanique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to titanium; derived from, or containing,
titanium; specifically, designating those compounds of titanium in
which it has a higher valence as contrasted with the titanous
compounds. Titanic acid (Chem.), a white amorphous powder, Ti.(OH)4,
obtained by decomposing certain titanates; -- called also normal
titanic acid. By extension, any one of a series of derived acids,
called also metatitanic acid, polytitanic acid, etc.
 -- Titanic iron ore. (Min.) See Menaccanite.

TITANIFEROUS
Ti`tan*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Titanium + -ferous: cf. F. titanifère.]

Defn: Containing or affording titanium; as, titaniferous magnetite.

TITANITE
Ti"tan*ite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. titanite; -- so called from containing
titanic acid.] (Min.)

Defn: See Sphene.

TITANITIC
Ti`tan*it"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, titanium; as, a titanitic
mineral.

TITANIUM
Ti*ta"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Titani or Titanes, Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: An elementary substance found combined in the minerals
manaccanite, rutile, sphene, etc., and isolated as an infusible iron-
gray amorphous powder, having a metallic luster. It burns when heated
in the air. Symbol Ti. Atomic weight 48.1.

TITANO-
Ti"tan*o-. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively) designating certain
double compounds of titanium with some other elements; as, titano-
cyanide, titano-fluoride, titano-silicate, etc.

TITANOTHERIUM
Ti`tan*o*the"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A large American Miocene mammal, allied to the rhinoceros, and
more nearly to the extinct Brontotherium.

TITANOUS
Ti"tan*ous, a.

Defn: Designating certain compounds of titanium in which that element
has a lower valence as contrasted with titanic compounds.

TITBIT
Tit"bit`, n.

Defn: Same as Tidbit.

TITH
Tith, a. Etym: [See Tight, a.]

Defn: Tight; nimble. [Obs.]
Of a good stirring strain too, she goes tith. Beau. & Fl.

TITHABLE
Tith"a*ble, a.

Defn: Subject to the payment of tithes; as, tithable lands.

TITHE
Tithe, n. Etym: [OE. tithe, tethe, properly an adj., tenth, AS. teó
the tenth; akin to tién, t, ten, ten, G. zehnte, adj., tenth, n., a
tithe, Icel. tiund the tenth; tithe, Goth. taíhunda tenth. See Ten,
and cf. Tenth, Teind.]

1. A tenth; the tenth part of anything; specifically, the tenthpart
of the increase arising from the profits of land and stock, allotted
to the clergy for their support, as in England, or devoted to
religious or charitable uses. Almost all the tithes of England and
Wales are commuted by law into rent charges.
The tithes of the corn, the new wine, and the oil. Neh. xiii. 5.

Note: Tithes are called personal when accuring from labor, art,
trade, and navigation; predial, when issuing from the earth, as hay,
wood, and fruit; and mixed, when accuring from beaste fed from the
ground. Blackstone.

2. Hence, a small part or proportion. Bacon. Great tithes, tithes of
corn, hay, and wood.
 -- Mixed tithes, tithes of wool, milk, pigs, etc.
 -- Small tithes, personal and mixed tithes.
 -- Tithe commissioner, one of a board of officers appointed by the
government for arranging propositions for commuting, or compounding
for, tithes. [Eng.] Simmonds.

TITHE
Tithe, a.

Defn: Tenth. [Obs.]
Every tithe soul, 'mongst many thousand. Shak.

TITHE
Tithe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tithed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tithing.] Etym:
[As. teó.]

Defn: To levy a tenth part on; to tax to the amount of a tenth; to
pay tithes on.
Ye tithe mint and rue. Luke xi. 42.

TITHE
Tithe, v. i.

Defn: Tp pay tithes. [R.] Tusser.

TITHER
Tith"er, n.

1. One who collects tithes. Milton.

2. One who pays tithes. [R.] Chaucer.

TITHING
Tith"ing, n. Etym: [AS. teó.]

1. The act of levying or taking tithes; that which is taken as tithe;
a tithe.
To take tithing of their blood and sweat. Motley.

2. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A number or company of ten householders who, dwelling near each
other, were sureties or frankpledges to the king for the good
behavior of each other; a decennary. Blackstone.

TITHINGMAN
Tith"ing*man, n.; pl. Tithingmen (.

1. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: The chief man of a tithing; a headborough; one elected to
preside over the tithing.

2. (Law)

Defn: A peace officer; an under constable.

3. A parish officer elected annually to preserve good order in the
church during divine service, to make complaint of any disorderly
conduct, and to enforce the observance of the Sabbath. [Local, U.S.]

TITHLY
Tith"ly, a. Etym: [From Tith.]

Defn: Tightly; nimbly. [Obs.] "I have seen him trip it tithly." Beau.
& Fl.

TITHONIC
Ti*thon"ic, a. Etym: [L. Tithonius belonging to Tithonus, the consort
of Aurora, Gr.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or denoting, those rays of light which
produce chemical effects; actinic. [R.]

TITHONICITY
Tith`o*nic"i*ty, n. (Chem. & Physics)

Defn: The state or property of being tithonic; actinism. [R.]

TITHONOGRAPHIC
Ti*thon`o*graph"ic, a. Etym: [Tithonic + -graph + -ic.]

Defn: Of, relating to, or produced by, the chemical action of rays of
light; photographic.

TITHONOMETER
Tith`o*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Tithonic + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument or apparatus for measuring or detecting
tithonicity; an actinometer. [R.]

TITHYMAL
Tith"y*mal, n. Etym: [L. tithymalus a plant with a milklike sap, Gr.
tithymale.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any kind of spurge, esp. Euphorbia Cyparissias.

TITI
Ti"ti, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Teetee.

TITILLATE
Tit"il*late, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Titillated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Titillating.] Etym: [L. titillatus, p.p. of titillare.]

Defn: To tickle; as, to titillate the nose with a feather.
The pungent grains of titillating dust. Pope.

TITILLATION
Tit`il*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. titillatio: cf. F. titillation.]

1. The act of tickling, or the state of being tickled; a tickling
sensation. A. Tucker.

2. Any pleasurable sensation.
Those titillations that reach no higher than the senses. Glanvill.

TITILLATIVE
Tit"il*la*tive, a.

Defn: Tending or serving to titillate, or tickle; tickling.

TITIVATE; TITTIVATE
Tit"i*vate, Tit"ti*vate, v. t. & i.  [imp. & p. p. Titivated; p. pr.
& vb. n. Titivating.] [Formed from an uncertain source, in imitation
of words in -ate fr. L.]

Defn: To dress or smarten up; to spruce. --Tit`i*va"tion,
Tit`ti*va"tion (#), n. [Both Humorous]

"Come here, an' let me titivate you." He sat down beside her, and
submitted to be dusted.
Quiller-Couch.

TITLARK
Tit"lark`, n. Etym: [Tit a small bird + lark.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous small spring birds belonging to Anthus,
Corydalla, and allied genera, which resemble the true larks in color
and in having a very long hind claw; especially, the European meadow
pipit (Anthus pratensis).

TITLE
Ti"tle, n. Etym: [OF. title, F. titre, L. titulus an inscription,
label, title, sign, token. Cf. Tilde, Titrate, Titular.]

1. An inscription put over or upon anything as a name by which it is
known.

2. The inscription in the beginning of a book, usually containing the
subject of the work, the author's and publisher's names, the date,
etc.

3. (Bookbindng)

Defn: The panel for the name, between the bands of the back of a
book.

4. A section or division of a subject, as of a law, a book, specif.
(Roman & Canon Laws), a chapter or division of a law book.

5. An appellation of dignity, distinction, or preëminence (hereditary
or acquired), given to persons, as duke marquis, honorable, esquire,
etc.
With his former title greet Macbeth. Shak.

6. A name; an appellation; a designation.

7. (Law)
(a) That which constitutes a just cause of exclusive possession; that
which is the foundation of ownership of property, real or personal; a
right; as, a good title to an estate, or an imperfect title.
(b) The instrument which is evidence of a right.
(c) (Canon Law) That by which a beneficiary holds a benefice.

8. (Anc. Church Records)

Defn: A church to which a priest was ordained, and where he was to
reside. Title deeds (Law), the muniments or evidences of ownership;
as, the title deeds to an estate.

Syn.
 -- Epithet; name; appellation; denomination. See epithet, and Name.

TITLE
Ti"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Titled; p. pr. & vb. n. Titling.] Etym:
[Cf. L. titulare, F. titrer. See Title, n.]

Defn: To call by a title; to name; to entitle.
Hadrian, having quieted the island, took it for honor to be titled on
his coin, "The Restorer of Britain." Milton.

TITLED
Ti"tled, a.

Defn: Having or bearing a title.

TITLELESS
Ti"tle*less, a.

Defn: Not having a title or name; without legitimate title. "A
titleless tyrant." Chaucer.

TITLE-PAGE
Ti"tle-page`, n.

Defn: The page of a book which contains it title.
The world's all title-page; there's no contents. Young.

TITLER
Tit"ler, n.

Defn: A large truncated cone of refined sugar.

TITLING
Tit"ling, n. Etym: [Icel. titlingr a tit sparrow. See Tit a small
bird.]

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) The hedge sparrow; -- called also titlene. Its nest often chosen
by the cuckoo as a place for depositing its own eggs.
The titling, . . . being thus deceived, hatcheth the egg, and
bringeth up the chick of another bird. Holland.

(b) The meadow pipit.

2. Stockfish; -- formerly so called in customhouses.

TITMAL
Tit"mal, n.

Defn: The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

TITMOUSE
Tit"mouse`, n.; pl. Titmice. Etym: [OE. titemose, titmase; tit small,
or a small bird + AS. mase a kind of small bird; akin to D. mees a
titmouse, G. meise, OHG. meisa, Icel. meisingr. The English form has
been influenced by the unrelated word mouse. Cf. Tit a small bird.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small insectivorous singing
birds belonging to Parus and allied genera; -- called also tit, and
tomtit.

Note: The blue titmouse (Parus coeruleus), the marsh titmouse (P.
palustris), the crested titmouse (P. cristatus), the great titmouse
(P. major), and the long tailed titmouse (Ægithalos caudatus), are
the best-known European species. See Chickadee.

TITRATE
Ti"trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Titrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Titrating.]
Etym: [F. titrer, from titre standard, title. See Title, n.] (Chem.)

Defn: To analyse, or determine the strength of, by means of standard
solutions. Cf. Standardized solution, under Solution.

TITRATED
Ti"tra*ted, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Standardized; determined or analyzed by titration; as, titrated
solutions.

TITRATION
Ti*tra"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of titrating; a substance obtained by
titrating.

TITTER
Tit"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tittered; p. pr. & vb. n. Tittering.]
Etym: [Probably of imitative origin.]

Defn: To laugh with the tongue striking against the root of the upper
teeth; to laugh with restraint, or without much noise; to giggle.
A group of tittering pages ran before. Longfellow.

TITTER
Tit"ter, n.

Defn: A restrained laugh. "There was a titter of . . . delight on his
countenance." Coleridge.

TITTER
Tit"ter, v. i.

Defn: To seesaw. See Teeter.

TITTEREL
Tit"ter*el, n.

Defn: The whimbrel. [Prov. Eng.]

TITTER-TOTTER
Tit"ter-tot`ter, v. i.

Defn: See Teeter.

TITTIMOUSE
Tit"ti*mouse`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

TITTLE
Tit"tle, n. Etym: [OE. titel, titil, apparently a dim. of tit, in the
sense of small; cf. G. tüttel a tittle, dim. of OHG. tutta teat.
Perhaps, however, the same word as title, n.]

Defn: A particle; a minute part; a jot; an iota.
It is easier for heaven and earth to pass, than one tittle of the law
to fail. Luke xvi. 17.
Every tittle of this prophecy is most exactly verified. South.

TITTLEBAT
Tit"tle*bat, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The three-spined stickleback. [Prov. Eng.]

TITTLE-TATTLE
Tit"tle-tat`tle, n. Etym: [A reduplication of tattle.]

1. Idle, trifling talk; empty prattle. Arbuthnot.

2. An idle, trifling talker; a gossip. [R.] Tatler.

TITTLE-TATTLE
Tit"tle-tat`tle, v. i.

Defn: To talk idly; to prate. Shak.

TITTLE-TATTLING
Tit"tle-tat`tling, n.

Defn: The act or habit of parting idly or gossiping.

TITTUP
Tit"tup, v. i.  [imp. & p. p. Tittuped or Tittupped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Tittuping or Tittupping.] [Written also titup.] [Cf. Teeter.]

Defn: To behave or move in a lively or restless manner, as an
impatient horse; to caper; to prance; to frisk.  Kipling.

TITTUP
Tit"tup, n.

Defn: The act of tittuping; lively, gay, or restless behavior or
gait; a prance or caper. [Written also titup.]

TITTUPPY
Tit"tup*py, a.

Defn: Given to tittuping; gay; lively; prancing; also, shaky;
unsteady.

TITTY
Tit"ty, n.

Defn: A little teat; a nipple. [Familiar]

TITUBATE
Tit"u*bate, v. i. Etym: [L. titubatus, p.p. of titubare to stagger,
totter.]

1. To stumble. [Obs.]

2. To rock or roll, as a curved body on a plane.

TITUBATION
Tit`u*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. titubatio: cf. F. titubation.]

Defn: The act of stumbling, rocking, or rolling; a reeling. Quain.

TITULAR
Tit"u*lar, a. Etym: [F. titulaire, fr. L. titulus. See Title.]

Defn: Existing in title or name only; nominal; having the title to an
office or dignity without discharging its appropriate duties; as, a
titular prince.
If these magnificent titles yet remain Not merely titular. Milton.
Titular bishop. See under Bishop.

TITULAR
Tit"u*lar, n.

Defn: A titulary. [R.]

TITULARITY
Tit`u*lar"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being titular. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

TITULARLY
Tit"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a titular manner; nominally; by title only.

TITULARY
Tit"u*la*ry, n.; pl. Titularies. Etym: [Cf. F. titulaire.]

Defn: A person invested with a title, in virtue of which he holds an
office or benefice, whether he performs the duties of it or not.

TITULARY
Tit"u*la*ry, a.

1. Consisting in a title; titular.

2. Of or pertaining to a title.

TITULED
Tit"uled, a.

Defn: Having a title. [Obs.] Fuller.

TIVER
Tiv"er, n. Etym: [AS. teáfor, teáfur.]

Defn: A kind of ocher which is used in some parts of England in
marking sheep. [Prov. Eng.]

TIVER
Tiv"er, v. t.

Defn: To mark with tiver. [Prov. Eng.]

TIVOLI
Tiv"o*li, n. [Prob. fr. Tivoli in Italy, a pleasure resort not far
from Rome.]

Defn: A game resembling bagatelle, played on a special oblong board
or table (Tivoli board or table), which has a curved upper end, a set
of numbered compartments at the lower end, side alleys, and the
surface studded with pins and sometimes furnished with numbered
depressions or cups.

TIVY
Tiv"y, adv. Etym: [See Tantivy.]

Defn: With great speed; -- a huntsman's word or sound. Dryden.

TIZA
Ti"za, n. Etym: [CF. Sp. tiza whitening, a kind of chalk or pipe
clay.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Ulexite.

TLINKIT
Tlin"kit, n. pl.

Defn: The Indians of a seafaring group of tribes of southern Alaska
comprising the Koluschan stock. Previous to deterioration from
contact with the whites they were the foremost traders of the
northwest. They built substantial houses of cedar adorned with  totem
poles, and were expert stone carvers and copper workers. Slavery, the
potlatch, and the use of immense labrets were characteristic. Many
now work in the salmon industry.

TMESIS
Tme"sis, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: The separation of the parts of a compound word by the
intervention of one or more words; as, in what place soever, for
whatsoever place.

TO-
To- (, see To, prep.) Etym: [AS. to- asunder; akin to G. zer-, and
perhaps to L. dis-, or Gr.

Defn: An obsolete intensive prefix used in the formation of compound
verbs; as in to-beat, to-break, to-hew, to-rend, to-tear. See these
words in the Vocabulary. See the Note on All to, or All-to, under
All, adv.

TO
To (emphatic or alone, obscure or unemphatic), prep. Etym: [AS. to;
akin to OS. & OFries. to, D. toe, G. zu, OHG. zuo, zua, zo, Russ. do,
Ir. & Gael. do, OL. -do, -du, as in endo, indu, in, Gr. Too, Tatoo a
beat of drums.]

1. The preposition to primarily indicates approach and arrival,
motion made in the direction of a place or thing and attaining it,
access; and also, motion or tendency without arrival; movement
toward; -- opposed to Ant: from. "To Canterbury they wend." Chaucer.
Stay with us, go not to Wittenberg. Shak.
So to the sylvan lodge They came, that like Pomona's arbor smiled.
Milton.
I'll to him again, . . . He'll tell me all his purpose. She stretched
her arms to heaven. Dryden.

2. Hence, it indicates motion, course, or tendency toward a time, a
state or condition, an aim, or anything capable of being regarded as
a limit to a tendency, movement, or action; as, he is going to a
trade; he is rising to wealth and honor.

Note: Formerly, by omission of the verb denoting motion, to sometimes
followed a form of be, with the sense of at, or in. "When the sun was
[gone or declined] to rest." Chaucer.

3. In a very general way, and with innumerable varieties of
application, to connects transitive verbs with their remoter or
indirect object, and adjectives, nouns, and neuter or passive verbs
with a following noun which limits their action. Its sphere verges
upon that of for, but it contains less the idea of design or
appropriation; as, these remarks were addressed to a large audience;
let us keep this seat to ourselves; a substance sweet to the taste;
an event painful to the mind; duty to God and to our parents; a
dislike to spirituous liquor.
Marks and points out each man of us to slaughter. B. Jonson.
Whilst they, distilled Almost to jelly with the act of fear, Stand
dumb and speak not to him. Shak.
Add to your faith virtue; and to virtue knowledge; and to knowledge
temperance; and to temperance patience; and to patience godliness;
and to godliness brotherly kindness; and to brotherly kindness
charity. 2 Pet. i. 5,6,7.
I have a king's oath to the contrary. Shak.
Numbers were crowded to death. Clarendon.
Fate and the dooming gods are deaf to tears. Dryden.
Go, buckle to the law. Dryden.

4. As sign of the infinitive, to had originally the use of last
defined, governing the infinitive as a verbal noun, and connecting it
as indirect object with a preceding verb or adjective; thus, ready to
go, i.e., ready unto going; good to eat, i.e., good for eating; I do
my utmost to lead my life pleasantly. But it has come to be the
almost constant prefix to the infinitive, even in situations where it
has no prepositional meaning, as where the infinitive is direct
object or subject; thus, I love to learn, i.e., I love learning; to
die for one's country is noble, i.e., the dying for one's country.
Where the infinitive denotes the design or purpose, good usage
formerly allowed the prefixing of for to the to; as, what went ye out
for see (Matt. xi. 8).
Then longen folk to go on pilgrimages, And palmers for to seeken
strange stranders. Chaucer.

Note: Such usage is now obsolete or illiterate. In colloquial usage,
to often stands for, and supplies, an infinitive already mentioned;
thus, he commands me to go with him, but I do not wish to.

5. In many phrases, and in connection with many other words, to has a
pregnant meaning, or is used elliptically. Thus, it denotes or
implies:
(a) Extent; limit; degree of comprehension; inclusion as far as; as,
they met us to the number of three hundred.
We ready are to try our fortunes To the last man. Shak.
Few of the Esquimaux can count to ten. Quant. Rev.

(b) Effect; end; consequence; as, the prince was flattered to his
ruin; he engaged in a war to his cost; violent factions exist to the
prejudice of the state.
(c) Apposition; connection; antithesis; opposition; as, they engaged
hand to hand.
Now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face. 1 Cor.
xiii. 12.

(d) Accord; adaptation; as, an occupation to his taste; she has a
husband to her mind.
He to God's image, she to his was made. Dryden.

(e) Comparison; as, three is to nine as nine is to twenty-seven; it
is ten to one that you will offend him.
All that they did was piety to this. B. Jonson.

(f) Addition; union; accumulation.
Wisdom he has, and to his wisdom, courage. Denham.

(g) Accompaniment; as, she sang to his guitar; they danced to the
music of a piano.
Anon they move In perfect phalanx to the Dorian mood Of flutes and
soft recorders. Milton.

(h) Character; condition of being; purpose subserved or office
filled. [In this sense archaic] "I have a king here to my flatterer."
Shak.
Made his masters and others . . . to consider him to a little wonder.
Walton.

Note: To in to-day, to-night, and to-morrow has the sense or force of
for or on; for, or on, (this) day, for, or on, (this) night, for, or
on, (the) morrow. To-day, to-night, to-morrow may be considered as
compounds, and usually as adverbs; but they are sometimes used as
nouns; as, to-day is ours.
To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow; Creeps in this petty pace
from day to day. Shak.
To and again, to and fro. [R.] -- To and fro, forward and back. In
this phrase, to is adverbial.
There was great showing both to and fro. Chaucer.
-- To-and-fro, a pacing backward and forward; as, to commence a to-
and-fro. Tennyson.
 -- To the face, in front of; in behind; hence, in the presence of.
 -- To wit, to know; namely. See Wit, v. i.

Note: To, without an object expressed, is used adverbially; as, put
to the door, i. e., put the door to its frame, close it; and in the
nautical expressions, to heave to, to come to, meaning to a certain
position. To, like on, is sometimes used as a command, forward, set
to. "To, Achilles! to, Ajax! to!" Shak.

TOAD
Toad, n. Etym: [OE. tode, tade, AS. tadie, tadige; of unknown origin.
Cf. Tadpole.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of batrachians belonging to the
genus Bufo and allied genera, especially those of the family
Bufonidæ. Toads are generally terrestrial in their habits except
during the breeding season, when they seek the water. Most of the
species burrow beneath the earth in the daytime and come forth to
feed on insects at night. Most toads have a rough, warty skin in
which are glands that secrete an acrid fluid.

Note: The common toad (Bufo vulgaris) and the natterjack are familiar
European species. The common American toad (B. lentiginosus) is
similar to the European toad, but is less warty and is more active,
moving chiefly by leaping. Obstetrical toad. (Zoöl.) See under
Obstetrical.
 -- Surinam toad. (Zoöl.) See Pita.
 -- Toad lizard (Zoöl.), a horned toad.
 -- Toad pipe (Bot.), a hollow-stemmed plant (Equisetum limosum)
growing in muddy places. Dr. Prior.
 -- Toad rush (Bot.), a low-growing kind of rush (Juncus bufonius).
 -- Toad snatcher (Zoöl.), the reed bunting. [Prov. Eng.] -- Toad
spittle. (Zoöl.) See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo.
 -- Tree toad. (Zoöl.) See under Tree.

TOADEATER
Toad"eat`er, n. Etym: [Said to be so called in allusion to an old
alleged practice among mountebanks' boys of eating toads (popularly
supposed to be poisonous), in order that their masters might have an
opportunity of pretending to effect a cure. The French equivalent
expression is un avaleur de couleuvres. Cf. Toady.]

Defn: A fawning, obsequious parasite; a mean sycophant; a flatterer;
a toady. V. Knox.
You had nearly imposed upon me, but you have lost your labor. You're
too zealous a toadeater, and betray yourself. Dickens.

TOADFISH
Toad"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any marine fish of the genus Batrachus, having a large, thick
head and a wide mouth, and bearing some resemblance to a toad. The
American species (Batrachus tau) is very common in shallow water.
Called also oyster fish, and sapo.
(b) The angler.
(c) A swellfish.

TOADFLAX
Toad"flax`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An herb (Linaria vulgaris) of the Figwort family, having narrow
leaves and showy orange and yellow flowers; -- called also butter and
eggs, flaxweed, and ramsted.

TOADHEAD
Toad"head`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The golden plover. [Local, U.S.]

TOADISH
Toad"ish, a.

Defn: Like a toad. [Obs.] A. Stafford.

TOADLET
Toad"let, n.

Defn: A small toad. [R.] Coleridge.

TOADSTONE
Toad"stone`, n.

1. (Min.)

Defn: A local name for the igneous rocks of Derbyshire, England; --
said by some to be derived from the German todter stein, meaning dead
stone, that is, stone which contains no ores.

2. Bufonite, formerly regarded as a precious stone, and worn as a
jewel. See Bufonite.

TOADSTOOL
Toad"stool`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to many umbrella-shaped fungi, mostly of the genus
Agaricus. The species are almost numberless. They grow on decaying
organic matter.

TOADY
Toad"y, n.; pl. Toadies. Etym: [Shortened from toadeater.]

1. A mean flatterer; a toadeater; a sycophant.
Before I had been standing at the window five minutes, they somehow
conveyed to me that they were all toadies and humbugs. Dickens.

2. A coarse, rustic woman. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

TOADY
Toad"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toadied; p. pr. & vb. n. Toadying.]

Defn: To fawn upon with mean sycophancy.

TOADYISM
Toad"y*ism, n.

Defn: The practice of meanly fawning on another; base sycophancy;
servile adulation.

TOAST
Toast, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Toasting.] Etym:
[OF. toster to roast, toast, fr. L. torrere, tostum, to parch, roast.
See Torrid.]

1. To dry and brown by the heat of a fire; as, to toast bread.

2. To warm thoroughly; as, to toast the feet.

3. To name when a health is proposed to be drunk; to drink to the
health, or in honor, of; as, to toast a lady.

TOAST
Toast, n. Etym: [OF. toste, or tostée, toasted bread. See Toast, v.]

1. Bread dried and browned before a fire, usually in slices; also, a
kind of food prepared by putting slices of toasted bread into milk,
gravy, etc. toaster.
My sober evening let the tankard bless, With toast embrowned, and
fragrant nutmeg fraught. T. Warton.

2. A lady in honor of whom persons or a company are invited to drink;
-- so called because toasts were formerly put into the liquor, as a
great delicacy.
It now came to the time of Mr. Jones to give a toast . . . who could
not refrain from mentioning his dear Sophia. Fielding.

3. Hence, any person, especially a person of distinction, in honor of
whom a health is drunk; hence, also, anything so commemorated; a
sentiment, as "The land we live in," "The day we celebrate," etc.
Toast rack, a small rack or stand for a table, having partitions for
holding slices of dry toast.

TOASTER
Toast"er, n.

1. One who toasts.

2. A kitchen utensil for toasting bread, cheese, etc. Toaster oven.
an electrical toaster.

TOASTING
Toast"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Toast, v. Toasting fork, a long-handled fork for
toasting bread, cheese, or the like, by the fire.

TOASTMASTER
Toast"mas`ter, n.

Defn: A person who presides at a public dinner or banquet, and
announces the toasts.

TOAT
Toat, n.

Defn: The handle of a joiner's plane. Knight.

TOBACCO
To*bac"co, n. Etym: [Sp. tabaco, fr. the Indian tabaco the tube or
pipe in which the Indians or Caribbees smoked this plant. Some derive
the word from Tabaco, a province of Yucatan, where it was said to be
first found by the Spaniards; others from the island of Tobago, one
of the Caribbees. But these derivations are very doubtful.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An American plant (Nicotiana Tabacum) of the Nightshade family,
much used for smoking and chewing, and as snuff. As a medicine, it is
narcotic, emetic, and cathartic. Tobacco has a strong, peculiar
smell, and an acrid taste.

Note: The name is extended to other species of the genus, and to some
unrelated plants, as Indian tobacco (Nicotiana rustica, and also
Lobelia inflata), mountain tobacco (Arnica montana), and Shiraz
tobacco (Nicotiana Persica).

2. The leaves of the plant prepared for smoking, chewing, etc., by
being dried, cured, and manufactured in various ways. Tobacco box
(Zoöl.), the common American skate.
 -- Tobacco camphor. (Chem.) See Nicotianine.
 -- Tobacco man, a tobacconist. [R.] -- Tobacco pipe. (a) A pipe used
for smoking, made of baked clay, wood, or other material. (b) (Bot.)
Same as Indian pipe, under Indian.
 -- Tobacco-pipe clay (Min.), a species of clay used in making
tobacco pipes; -- called also cimolite.
 -- Tobacco-pipe fish. (Zoöl.) See Pipemouth.
 -- Tobacco stopper, a small plug for pressing down the tobacco in a
pipe as it is smoked.
 -- Tobacco worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a large hawk moth (Sphinx, or
Phlegethontius, Carolina). It is dark green, with seven oblique white
stripes bordered above with dark brown on each side of the body. It
feeds upon the leaves of tobacco and tomato plants, and is often very
injurious to the tobacco crop. See Illust. of Hawk moth.

TOBACCONING
To*bac"co*ning, n.

Defn: Smoking tobacco. [Obs.] "Tobacconing is but a smoky play."
[Obs.] Sylvester.

TOBACCONIST
To*bac"co*nist, n.

1. A dealer in tobacco; also, a manufacturer of tobacco.

2. A smoker of tobacco. [Obs.] Sylvester.

TO-BEAT
To-beat", v. t. Etym: [Pref. to- + beat.]

Defn: To beat thoroughly or severely. [Obs.] Layamon.

TOBIAS FISH
To*bi"as fish`. Etym: [See the Note under Asmodeus, in the Dictionary
of Noted Names in Fiction.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lant, or sand eel.

TOBIE
To"bie, n. [Cf. Toby.]

Defn: A kind of inferior cigar of a long slender shape, tapered at
one end. [Local, U. S.]

TOBINE
To"bine, n. Etym: [Cf. G. tobin, D. tabijn. See Tabby.]

Defn: A stout twilled silk used for dresses.

TOBIT
To"bit, n.

Defn: A book of the Apocrypha.

TOBOGGAN
To*bog"gan, n. Etym: [Corruption of American Indian odabagan a sled.]

Defn: A kind of sledge made of pliable board, turned up at one or
both ends, used for coasting down hills or prepared inclined planes;
also, a sleigh or sledge, to be drawn by dogs, or by hand, over soft
and deep snow. [Written also tobogan, and tarbogan.]

TOBOGGAN
To*bog"gan, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tobogganed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Tobogganing.]

Defn: To slide down hill over the snow or ice on a toboggan.
Barilett.

TOBOGGANER; TOBOGGANIST
To*bog"gan*er, To*bog"gan*ist, n.

Defn: One who practices tobogganing.

TO-BREAK
To-break", v. t. Etym: [Pref. to- + break.]

Defn: To break completely; to break in pieces. [Obs.]
With nose and mouth to-broke. Chaucer.

TO-BREST
To-brest", v. t. Etym: [Pref. to- + brest.]

Defn: To burst or break in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOBY
To"by, n.; pl. -bies (#). [Perh. from the proper name.]

Defn: A small jug, pitcher, or mug, generally used for ale, shaped
somewhat like a stout man, with a cocked hat forming the brim.

TOCCATA
Toc*ca"ta, n. Etym: [It., fr. toccare to touch. See Touch.] (Mus.)

Defn: An old form of piece for the organ or harpsichord, somewhat in
the free and brilliant style of the prelude, fantasia, or capriccio.

TOCCATELLA; TOCCATINA
Toc`ca*tel"la, Toc`ca*ti"na, n. [It.] (Music)

Defn: A short or simple toccata.

TOCHER
Toch"er, n. Etym: [Gael. tochradh.]

Defn: Dowry brought by a bride to her husband. [Scot.] Burns.

TOCKAY
Tock"ay, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spotted lizard native of India.

TOCO
To"co, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A toucan (Ramphastos toco) having a very large beak. See
Illust. under Toucan.

TOCOLOGY
To*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of obstetrics, or midwifery; that department of
medicine which treats of parturition. [Written also tokology.]

TOCORORO
To*co*ro"ro, n. Etym: [Probably from the native name through the
Spanish: cf. Sp. tocororo.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cuban trogon (Priotelus temnurus) having a serrated bill and
a tail concave at the end.

TOCSIN
Toc"sin, n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. toquier to touch, F. toquer
(originally, a dialectic form of F. toucher) + seint (for sein) a
bell, LL. signum, fr. L. signum a sign, signal. See Touch, and Sign.]

Defn: An alarm bell, or the ringing of a bell for the purpose of
alarm.
The loud tocsin tolled their last alarm. Campbell.

TOD
Tod (tôd), n. Etym: [Akin to D. todde a rag, G. zotte shag, rag, a
tuft of hair, Icel. toddi a piece of a thing, a tod of wool.]

1. A bush; a thick shrub; a bushy clump. [R.] "An ivy todde."
Spenser.
The ivy tod is heavy with snow. Coleridge.

2. An old weight used in weighing wool, being usually twenty-eight
pounds.

3. A fox; -- probably so named from its bushy tail.
The wolf, the tod, the brock. B. Jonson.
Tod stove, a close stove adapted for burning small round wood, twigs,
etc. [U.S.] Knight.

TOD
Tod, v. t. & i.

Defn: To weigh; to yield in tods. [Obs.]

TO-DAY
To-day", adv. Etym: [AS. to dæg. See To, prep., and Day.]

Defn: On this day; on the present day.
Worcester's horse came but to-day. Shak.

TO-DAY
To-day", n.

Defn: The present day. today.
On to-day Is worth for me a thousand yesterdays. Longfellow.

TODDLE
Tod"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Toddling.]
Etym: [Akin to tottle, totter.]

Defn: To walk with short, tottering steps, as a child.

TODDLE
Tod"dle, n.

Defn: A toddling walk. Trollope.

TODDLER
Tod"dler, n.

Defn: One who toddles; especially, a young child. Mrs. Gaskell.

TODDY
Tod"dy, n. Etym: [Formed from Hind. ta the juice of the palmyra tree,
popularly, toddy, fr. ta the palmyra tree, Skr. tala.]

1. A juice drawn from various kinds of palms in the East Indies; or,
a spirituous liquor procured from it by fermentation.

2. A mixture of spirit and hot water sweetened.

Note: Toddy differs from grog in having a less proportion of spirit,
and is being made hot and sweetened. Toddy bird (Zoöl.), a weaver
bird of the East Indies and India: -- so called from its fondness for
the juice of the palm.
 -- Toddy cat (Zoöl.), the common paradoxure; the palm cat.

TO-DO
To-do", n. Etym: [To + do. Cf. Ado.]

Defn: Bustle; stir; commotion; ado. [Colloq.]

TODY
To"dy, n.; pl. Todies. Etym: [Cf. NL. todus, F. todier, G. todvogel.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small insectivorous West Indian
birds of the genus Todus. They are allied to the kingfishers.

TOE
Toe, n. Etym: [OE. too, taa, AS. ta; akin to D. teen, G. zehe, OHG.
zeha, Icel. ta, Sw. tå, Dan. taa; of uncertain origin. *60.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the terminal members, or digits, of the foot of a man or
an animal. "Each one, tripping on his toe." Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fore part of the hoof or foot of an animal.

3. Anything, or any part, corresponding to the toe of the foot; as,
the toe of a boot; the toe of a skate.

4. (Mach.)
(a) The journal, or pivot, at the lower end of a revolving shaft or
spindle, which rests in a step.
(b) A lateral projection at one end, or between the ends, of a piece,
as a rod or bolt, by means of which it is moved.
(c) A projection from the periphery of a revolving piece, acting as a
cam to lift another piece. Toe biter (Zoöl.), a tadpole; a polliwig.
 -- Toe drop (Med.), a morbid condition of the foot in which the toe
is depressed and the heel elevated, as in talipes equinus. See
Talipes.

TOE
Toe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toed; p. pr. & vb. n. Toeing.]

Defn: To touch or reach with the toes; to come fully up to; as, to
toe the mark.

TOE
Toe, v. i.

Defn: To hold or carry the toes (in a certain way). To toe in, to
stand or carry the feet in such a way that the toes of either foot
incline toward the other.
 -- To toe out, to have the toes of each foot, in standing or
walking, incline from the other foot. toe in, to align the front
wheels so that they point slightly toward each other.

TOED
Toed, a.

1. Having (such or so many) toes; -- chiefly used in composition; as,
narrow-toed, four-toed.

2. (Carp.)

Defn: Having the end secured by nails driven obliquely, said of a
board, plank, or joist serving as a brace, and in general of any part
of a frame secured to other parts by diagonal nailing.

TOE DROP
Toe drop. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition of the foot in which the toe is depressed
and the heel elevated.

TOE HOLD
Toe hold. (Wrestling)

Defn: A hold in which the agressor bends back his opponent's foot.

TO-FALL
To-fall", n. (Arch.)

Defn: A lean-to. See Lean-to.

TOFF
Toff, n. [Etym. uncertain.]

Defn: A fop; a beau; a swell. [Slang, Eng.]  Kipling.

TOFFEE; TOFFY
Tof"fee, Tof"fy, n.

Defn: Taffy. [Eng.]

TOFORE; TOFORN
To*fore", To*forn", prep. & adv. Etym: [AS. toforan. See To, prep.,
Fore.]

Defn: Before. [Obs.]
Toforn him goeth the loud minstrelsy. Chaucer.
Would thou wert as thou tofore hast been! Shak.

TOFT
Toft, n. Etym: [OE. toft a knoll; akin to LG. toft a field hedged in,
not far from a house, Icel. topt a green knoll, grassy place, place
marked out for a house, Dan. toft.]

1. A knoll or hill. [Obs.] "A tower on a toft." Piers Plowman.

2. A grove of trees; also, a plain. [Prov. Eng.]

3. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A place where a messuage has once stood; the site of a burnt or
decayed house.

TOFTMAN
Toft"man, n.; pl. Toftmen (.

Defn: The owner of a toft. See Toft, 3.

TOFUS
To"fus, n. Etym: [L., tufa.]

1. Tophus.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Tufa. See under Tufa, and Toph.

TOG
Tog, v. t. & i.

Defn: To put toggery, or togs, on; to dress; -- usually with out,
implying care, elaborateness, or the like. [Colloq. or Slang]
Harper's Weekly.

TOGA
To"ga, n.; pl. E. Togas, L. Togæ. Etym: [L., akin to tegere to cover.
See Thatch.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The loose outer garment worn by the ancient Romans, consisting
of a single broad piece of woolen cloth of a shape approaching a
semicircle. It was of undyed wool, except the border of the toga
prætexta. Toga prætexta. Etym: [L.], a toga with a broad purple
border, worn by children of both sexes, by magistrates, and by
persons engaged in sacred rites.
 -- Toga virilis Etym: [L.], the manly gown; the common toga. This
was assumed by Roman boys about the time of completing their
fourteenth year.

TOGATED
To"ga*ted, a. Etym: [L. togatus, from toga a toga.]

Defn: Dressed in a toga or gown; wearing a gown; gowned. [R.] Sir M.
Sandys.

TOGED
To"ged, a.

Defn: Togated. [Obs. or R.] Shak.

TOGETHER
To*geth"er, adv. Etym: [OE. togedere, togidere, AS. togædere,
togædre, togadere; to to + gador together. *29. See To, prep., and
Gather.]

1. In company or association with respect to place or time; as, to
live together in one house; to live together in the same age; they
walked together to the town.
Soldiers can never stand idle long together. Landor.

2. In or into union; into junction; as, to sew, knit, or fasten two
things together; to mix things together.
The king joined humanity and policy together. Bacon.

3. In concert; with mutual coöperation; as, the allies made war upon
France together. Together with, in union with; in company or mixture
with; along with.
Take the bad together with the good. Dryden.

TOGGERY
Tog"ger*y, n. Etym: [Cf. Togated.]

Defn: Clothes; garments; dress; as, fishing toggery. [Colloq.] togs

TOGGLE
Tog"gle, n. Etym: [Cf. Tug.] [Written also toggel.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A wooden pin tapering toward both ends with a groove around its
middle, fixed transversely in the eye of a rope to be secured to any
other loop or bight or ring; a kind of button or frog capable of
being readily engaged and disengaged for temporary purposes.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: Two rods or plates connected by a toggle joint. Toggle iron, a
harpoon with a pivoted crosspiece in a mortise near the point to
prevent it from being drawn out when a whale, shark, or other animal,
is harpooned.
 -- Toggle joint, an elbow or knee joint, consisting of two bars so
connected that they may be brought quite or nearly into a straight
line, and made to produce great endwise pressure, when any force is
applied to bring them into this position.

TOGHT
Toght, a.

Defn: Taut. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOGIDER; TOGIDRES
To*gid"er, To*gid"res, adv.

Defn: Together. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOGS
Togs, n. pl. [See Toggery.]

Defn: Clothes; garments; toggery. [Colloq. or Slang]

TOGUE
Togue, n. Etym: [From the American Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The namaycush.

TOHEW
To*hew", v. t. Etym: [Pref. to- + hew.]

Defn: To hew in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOHUBOHU
To"hu*bo"hu (to"hoo-bo"hoo), n. [F. tohu-bohu, fr. Heb. tohu wa bohu
without form and void (Gen. i. 2).]

Defn: Chaos; confusion.

Was ever such a tohubohu of people as there assembles
Thuckeray.

TOIL
Toil, n. Etym: [F. toiles, pl., toils, nets, fr. toile cloth, canvas,
spider web, fr. L. tela any woven stuff, a web, fr. texere to weave.
See Text, and cf. Toilet.]

Defn: A net or snare; any thread, web, or string spread for taking
prey; -- usually in the plural.
As a Numidian lion, when first caught, Endures the toil that holds
him. Denham.
Then toils for beasts, and lime for birds, were found. Dryden.

TOIL
Toil, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Toiling.] Etym:
[OE. toilen to pull about, to toil; of uncertain origin; cf. OD.
teulen, tuylen, to labor, till, or OF. tooillier, toailler, to wash,
rub (cf. Towel); or perhaps ultimately from the same root as E. tug.]

Defn: To exert strength with pain and fatigue of body or mind,
especially of the body, with efforts of some continuance or duration;
to labor; to work.

TOIL
Toil, v. t.

1. To weary; to overlabor. [Obs.] "Toiled with works of war." Shak.

2. To labor; to work; -- often with out. [R.]
Places well toiled and husbanded. Holland.
[I] toiled out my uncouth passage. Milton.

TOIL
Toil, n. Etym: [OE. toil turmoil, struggle; cf. OD. tuyl labor, work.
See Toil, v.]

Defn: Labor with pain and fatigue; labor that oppresses the body or
mind, esp. the body.
My task of servile toil. Milton.
After such bloody toil, we bid good night. Shak.

Note: Toil is used in the formation of compounds which are generally
of obvious signification; as, toil-strung, toil-wasted, toil-worn,
and the like.

Syn.
 -- Labor; drudgery; work; exertion; occupation; employment; task;
travail.
 -- Toil, Labor, Drudgery. Labor implies strenuous exertion, but not
necessary such as overtasks the faculties; toil denotes a severity of
labor which is painful and exhausting; drudgery implies mean and
degrading work, or, at least, work which wearies or disgusts from its
minuteness or dull uniformity.
You do not know the heavy grievances, The toils, the labors, weary
drudgeries, Which they impose. Southern.
How often have I blessed the coming day, When toil remitting lent its
turn to play. Goldsmith.

TOILER
Toil"er, n.

Defn: One who toils, or labors painfully.

TOILET
Toi"let, n. Etym: [F. toilette, dim. of toile cloth. See Toil a net.]

1. A covering of linen, silk, or tapestry, spread over a table in a
chamber or a dressing room.

2. A dressing table. Pope.

3. Act or mode of dressing, or that which is arranged in dressing;
attire; dress; as, her toilet is perfect. [Written also toilette.]
Toilet glass, a looking-glass for a toilet table or for a dressing
room.
 -- Toilet service, Toilet set, earthenware, glass, and other
utensils for a dressing room.
 -- Toilet table, a dressing table; a toilet. See def. 2 above.
 -- To snake one's toilet, to dress one's self; especially, to dress
one's self carefully.

TOILETTE
Toi*lette", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Toilet, 3.

TOILFUL
Toil"ful, a.

Defn: Producing or involving much toil; laborious; toilsome; as,
toilful care. Mickle.

TOILINETTE
Toi`li*nette", n. Etym: [F. toilinet. See Toil a net.]

Defn: A cloth, the weft of which is of woolen yarn, and the warp of
cotton and silk, -- used for w

TOILLESS
Toil"less, a.

Defn: Free from toil.

TOILSOME
Toil"some, a.

Defn: Attended with toil, or fatigue and pain; laborious; wearisome;
as, toilsome work.
What can be toilsome in these pleasant walks Milton.
-- Toil"some*ly, adv.
 -- Toil"some*ness, n.

TOISE
Toise, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. tesa, fr. L. tensus, fem. tensa, p.p. of
tendere to stretch, extend. See Tense, a.]

Defn: An old measure of length in France, containing six French feet,
or about 6.3946 French feet.

TOISON
Toi`son" (twa`zôn"), n. [F.]

Defn: A sheep's fleece.

TOISON D'OR
Toi`son" d'or" (dor"). [F.]

Defn: Lit., the golden fleece; specif., the order of the Golden
Fleece, or its jewel.

TOKAY
To*kay", n. Etym: [Named fr. Tokay in Hungary.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A grape of an oval shape and whitish color.

2. A rich Hungarian wine made from Tokay grapes.

TOKEN
To"ken, n. Etym: [OE. token, taken, AS. tacen; akin to OFries. teken,
OS. tekan, D. teeken, G. zeichen, OHG. Zeihhan, Icel. takan, teiken,
Sw. tecken, Dan. tegn, Goth. taikns sign, token, gateihan to tell,
show, AS. teón to accuse, G. zeihen, OHG. zihan, G. zeigen to show,
OHG. zeigon, Icel. tja, L. dicere to say, Gr. di. Cf. Diction,
Teach.]

1. Something intended or supposed to represent or indicate another
thing or an event; a sign; a symbol; as, the rainbow is a token of
God's covenant established with Noah.

2. A memorial of friendship; something by which the friendship of
another person is to be kept in mind; a memento; a souvenir.
This is some token from a never friend. Shak.

3. Something given or shown as a symbol or guarantee of authority or
right; a sign of authenticity, of power, good faith, etc.
Say, by this token, I desire his company. Shak.

4. A piece of metal intended for currency, and issued by a private
party, usually bearing the name of the issuer, and redeemable in
lawful money. Also, a coin issued by government, esp. when its use as
lawful money is limited and its intrinsic value is much below its
nominal value.

Note: It is now made unlawful for private persons to issue tokens.

5. (Med.)

Defn: A livid spot upon the body, indicating, or supposed to
indicate, the approach of death. [Obs.]
Like the fearful tokens of the plague, Are mere forerunners of their
ends. Beau. & Fl.

6. (Print.)

Defn: Ten and a half quires, or, commonly, 250 sheets, of paper
printed on both sides; also, in some cases, the same number of sheets
printed on one side, or half the number printed on both sides.

7. (Ch. of Scot.)

Defn: A piece of metal given beforehand to each person in the
congregation who is permitted to partake of the Lord's Supper.

8. (Mining)

Defn: A bit of leather having a peculiar mark designating a
particular miner. Each hewer sends one of these with each corf or tub
he has hewn. Token money, money which is lawfully current for more
than its real value. See Token, n., 4.
 -- Token sheet (Print.), the last sheet of each token. W. Savage.

TOKEN
To"ken, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tokened; p. pr. & vb. n. Tokening.] Etym:
[AS. tacnian, fr. tacen token. See Token, n.]

Defn: To betoken. [Obs.] Shak.

TOKENED
To"kened, a.

Defn: Marked by tokens, or spots; as, the tokened pestilence. [Obs.]
Shak.

TOKENLESS
To"ken*less, a.

Defn: Without a token.

TOKIN
Tok"in, n.

Defn: A tocsin. [Obs.] Halliwell.

TOL
Tol, v. t. (Law)

Defn: To take away. See Toll.

TOLA
To"la, n. Etym: [Hind., from Skr. tula a balance.]

Defn: A weight of British India. The standard tola is equal to 180
grains.

TOLANE
To*lane", n. Etym: [From Toluene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon, C14H10, related both to the acetylene and the
aromatic series, and produced artificially as a white crystalline
substance; -- called also diphenyl acetylene.

TOLBOOTH
Tol"booth`, n.

Defn: See Tollbooth.

TOLD
Told,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Tell.

TOLE
Tole, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toled; p. pr. & vb. n. Toling.] Etym: [OE.
tollen to draw, to entice; of uncertain origin. Cf. Toll to ring a
bell.]

Defn: To draw, or cause to follow, by displaying something pleasing
or desirable; to allure by some bait. [Written also toll.]
Whatever you observe him to be more frighted at then he should, tole
him on to by insensible degrees, till at last he masters the
difficulty.

TOLEDO
To*le"do, n.

Defn: A sword or sword blade made at Toledo in Spain, which city was
famous in the 16th and 17th centuries for the excellence of its
weapons.

TOLERABILITY
Tol`er*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tolerable. [R.] Fuller.
Wordsworth.

TOLERABLE
Tol"er*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. tolerabilis: cf. F. tolérable. See
Tolerate.]

1. Capable of being borne or endured; supportable, either physically
or mentally.
As may affect tionearth with cold and heat Scarce tolerable. Milton.

2. Moderately good or agreeable; not contemptible; not very excellent
or pleasing, but such as can be borne or received without disgust,
resentment, or opposition; passable; as, a tolerable administration;
a tolerable entertainment; a tolerable translation. Dryden.
 -- Tol"er*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Tol"er*a*bly, adv.

TOLERANCE
Tol"er*ance, n. Etym: [L. tolerantia: cf. F. tolérance.]

1. The power or capacity of enduring; the act of enduring; endurance.
Diogenes, one frosty morning, came into the market place,shaking, to
show his tolerance. Bacon.

2. The endurance of the presence or actions of objectionable persons,
or of the expression of offensive opinions; toleration.

3. (Med.)

Defn: The power possessed or acquired by some persons of bearing
doses of medicine which in ordinary cases would prove injurious or
fatal. Tolerance of the mint. (Coinage) Same as Remedy of the mint.
See under Remedy.

TOLERANT
Tol"er*ant, a. Etym: [L. tolerans, p.pr. of tolerare to tolerate: cf.
F. tolérant. See Tolerate.]

Defn: Inclined to tolerate; favoring toleration; forbearing;
ingulgent.

TOLERATE
Tol"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tolerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Tolerating.] Etym: [L. toleratus, p.p. of tolerare, fr. the same root
as tollere to lift up, tuli, used as perfect of ferre to bear, latus
(for tlatus), used as p.p. of ferre to bear, and E. thole. See Thole,
and cf. Atlas, Collation, Delay, Elate, Extol, Legislate, Oblate,
Prelate, Relate, Superlative, Talent, Toll to take away, Translate.]

Defn: To suffer to be, or to be done, without prohibition or
hindrance; to allow or permit negatively, by not preventing; not to
restrain; to put up with; as, to tolerate doubtful practices.
Crying should not be tolerated in children. Locke.
We tolerate them because property and liberty, to a degree, require
that toleration. Burke.

Syn.
 -- See Permit.

TOLERATION
Tol`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. toleratio: cf. OF. toleration.]

1. The act of tolerating; the allowance of that which is not wholly
approved.

2. Specifically, the allowance of religious opinions and modes of
worship in a state when contrary to, or different from, those of the
established church or belief.

3. Hence, freedom from bigotry and severity in judgment of the
opinions or belief of others, especially in respect to religious
matters.

TOLL
Toll, v. t. Etym: [L. tollere. See Tolerate.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: To take away; to vacate; to annul.

TOLL
Toll, v. t. Etym: [See Tole.]

1. To draw; to entice; to allure. See Tole.

2. Etym: [Probably the same word as toll to draw, and at first
meaning, to ring in order to draw people to church.]

Defn: To cause to sound, as a bell, with strokes slowly and uniformly
repeated; as, to toll the funeral bell. "The sexton tolled the bell."
Hood.

3. To strike, or to indicate by striking, as the hour; to ring a toll
for; as, to toll a departed friend. Shak.
Slow tolls the village clock the drowsy hour. Beattie.

4. To call, summon, or notify, by tolling or ringing.
When hollow murmurs of their evening bells Dismiss the sleepy swains,
and toll them to their cells. Dryden.

TOLL
Toll, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tolling.]

Defn: To sound or ring, as a bell, with strokes uniformly repeated at
intervals, as at funerals, or in calling assemblies, or to announce
the death of a person.
The country cocks do crow, the clocks do toll. Shak.
Now sink in sorrows with a tolling bell. Pope.

TOLL
Toll, n.

Defn: The sound of a bell produced by strokes slowly and uniformly
repeated.

TOLL
Toll, n. Etym: [OE. tol, AS. toll; akin to OS. & D. tol, G. zoll,
OHG. zol, Icel. tollr, Sw. tull, Dan. told, and also to E. tale; --
originally, that which is counted out in payment. See Tale number.]

1. A tax paid for some liberty or privilege, particularly for the
privilege of passing over a bridge or on a highway, or for that of
vending goods in a fair, market, or the like.

2. (Sax. & O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A liberty to buy and sell within the bounds of a manor.

3. A portion of grain taken by a miller as a compensation for
grinding. Toll and team (O. Eng. Law), the privilege of having a
market, and jurisdiction of villeins. Burrill.
 -- Toll bar, a bar or beam used on a canal for stopping boats at the
tollhouse, or on a road for stopping passengers.
 -- Toll bridge, a bridge where toll is paid for passing over it.
 -- Toll corn, corn taken as pay for grinding at a mill.
 -- Toll dish, a dish for measuring toll in mills.
 -- Toll gatherer, a man who takes, or gathers, toll.
 -- Toll hop, a toll dish. [Obs.] Crabb.
 -- Toll thorough (Eng. Law), toll taken by a town for beasts driven
through it, or over a bridge or ferry maintained at its cost. Brande
& C.
 -- Toll traverse (Eng. Law), toll taken by an individual for beasts
driven across his ground; toll paid by a person for passing over the
private ground, bridge, ferry, or the like, of another.
 -- Toll turn (Eng. Law), a toll paid at the return of beasts from
market, though they were not sold. Burrill.

Syn.
 -- Tax; custom; duty; impost.

TOLL
Toll, v. i.

1. To pay toll or tallage. [R.] Shak.

2. To take toll; to raise a tax. [R.]
Well could he [the miller] steal corn and toll thrice. Chaucer.
No Italian priest Shall tithe or toll in our dominions. Shak.

TOLL
Toll, v. t.

Defn: To collect, as a toll. Shak.

TOLLABLE
Toll"a*ble, a.

Defn: Subject to the payment of toll; as, tollable goods. Wright.

TOLLAGE
Toll"age, n.

Defn: Payment of toll; also, the amount or quantity paid as toll.
Drayton.

TOLLBOOTH
Toll"booth`, n. Etym: [Toll a tax + booth.] Etym: [Written also
tolbooth.]

1. A place where goods are weighed to ascertain the duties or toll.
[Obs.]
He saw Levy . . . sitting at the tollbooth. Wyclif (Mark ii. 14).

2. In Scotland, a burgh jail; hence, any prison, especially a town
jail. Sir W. Scott.

TOLLBOOTH
Toll"booth`, v. t.

Defn: To imprison in a tollbooth. [R.]
That they might tollbooth Oxford men. Bp. Corbet.

TOLLER
Toll"er, n. Etym: [AS. tollere.]

Defn: A toll gatherer. "Tollers in markets." Piers Plowman.

TOLLER
Toll"er, n.

Defn: One who tolls a bell.

TOLLETANE
Tol"le*tane, a. Etym: [L. Toletanus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Toledo in Spain; made in Toledo. [Obs.]
"Tables Tolletanes." Chaucer.

TOLLGATE
Toll"gate`, n.

Defn: A gate where toll is taken.

TOLLHOUSE
Toll"house`, n.; pl. Tollhouses (.

Defn: A house occupied by a receiver of tolls.

TOLLMAN
Toll"man, n.; pl. Tollmen (.

Defn: One who receives or collects toll; a toll gatherer. Cowper.

TOLMEN
Tol"men, n.

Defn: See Dolmen.

TOLSESTER
Tol"ses*ter, n. Etym: [LL. tolsestrum. Cf. Toll a tax.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A toll or tribute of a sextary of ale, paid to the lords of
some manors by their tenants, for liberty to brew and sell ale.
Cowell.

TOLSEY
Tol"sey, n.

Defn: A tollbooth; also, a merchants' meeting place, or exchange.
[Obs.] Halliwell.

TOLSTOYAN; TOLSTOIAN
Tol*stoy"an, Tol*stoi"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Tolstoy (1828-1910). -- n.

Defn: A follower of Tolstoy, who advocates and practices manual
labor, simplicity of living, nonresistance, etc., holds that
possession of wealth and ownership of property are sinful, and in
religion rejects all teachings not coming from Christ himself.

TOLT
Tolt, n. Etym: [LL. tolta, fr. L. tollere to take away.] (O. Eng.
Law)

Defn: A writ by which a cause pending in a court baron was removed
into a country court. Cowell.

TOLTEC
Tol"tec, n. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of a race which formerly occupied Mexico.
 -- Tol"te*can, a.

TOLU
To*lu", n.

Defn: A fragrant balsam said to have been first brought from Santiago
de Tolu, in New Granada. See Balsam of Tolu, under Balsam. Tolu tree
(Bot.), a large tree (Myroxylon toluiferum), the wood of which is red
in the center, and has an aromatic rose odor. It affords the balsam
called tolu.

TOLUATE
Tol"u*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of any one of the toluic acids.

TOLUENE
Tol"u*ene, n. Etym: [Tolu + benzene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon, C6H5.CH3, of the aromatic series, homologous
with benzene, and obtained as a light mobile colorless liquid, by
distilling tolu balsam, coal tar, etc.; -- called also methyl
benzene, phenyl methane, etc.

TOLUENYL
Tol`u*e"nyl, n. Etym: [Toluene + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Tolyl. [Obs.]

TOLUIC
To*lu"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, one of three metameric acids,
CH3.C6H4.CO2H, which are related to toluene and analogous to benzoic
acids. They are white crystalline substances, and are called
respectively orthotoluic acid, metatoluic acid, and paratoluic acid.

TOLUID
Tol"u*id, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A complex double tolyl and toluidine derivative of glycocoll,
obtained as a white crystalline substance.

TOLUIDINE
To*lu"i*dine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of three metameric amido derivatives of toluene
analogous to aniline, and called respectively orthtoluidine,
metatoluidine, and paratoluidine; especially, the commonest one, or
paratoluidine, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance.

Note: It is used in the aniline dye industry, and constitutes the
essential nucleus or radical of those dyes.

TOLUOL; TOLUOLE
Tol"u*ol, Tol"u*ole n. Etym: [Tolu + benzol.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Toluene.

TOLURIC
To*lu"ric, a. Etym: [Toluic + uric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of three isomeric
crystalline acids, C9H10ON.CO2H, which are toluyl derivatives of
glycocoll.

TOLUTATION
Tol`u*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. tolutim on a trot, properly, lifting up
the feet, akin to tollere to lift up.]

Defn: A pacing or ambling. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

TOLUYL
Tol"u*yl, n. Etym: [Toluic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of the three hypothetical radicals corresponding to the
three toluic acids.

TOLUYLENE
Tol"u*yl*ene, n. (Chem.)
(a) Same as Stilbene.
(b) Sometimes, but less properly, tolylene.

TOLYL
Tol"yl, n. Etym: [Toluic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hydrocarbon radical, CH3.C6H4, regarded as characteristic
of certain compounds of the aromatic series related to toluene; as,
tolyl carbinol.

TOLYLENE
Tol"yl*ene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon radical, C6H4.(CH2)2, regarded as characteristic
of certain toluene derivatives.

TOLYPEUTINE
Tol`y*peu"tine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The apar.

TOM
Tom, n.

Defn: The knave of trumps at gleek. [Obs.]

TOMAHAWK
Tom"a*hawk, n. Etym: [Of American Indian origin; cf. Algonkin
tomehagen, Mohegan tumnahegan, Delaware tamoihecan.]

Defn: A kind of war hatchet used by the American Indians. It was
originally made of stone, but afterwards of iron.

TOMAHAWK
Tom"a*hawk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tomahawked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Tomahawking.]

Defn: To cut, strike, or kill, with a tomahawk.

TOMALEY
Tom"a`ley, n.

Defn: The liver of the lobster, which becomes green when boiled; --
called also tomalline.

TOMAN
To*man", n. Etym: [Per. toman; from a Mongol word signifying, ten
thousand.]

Defn: A money of account in Persia, whose value varies greatly at
different times and places. Its average value may be reckoned at
about two and a half dollars.

TOM AND JERRY
Tom and Jerry.

Defn: A hot sweetened drink of rum and water spiced with cinnamon,
cloves, etc., and beaten up with eggs.

TOMATO
To*ma"to, n.; pl. Tomatoes. Etym: [Sp. or Pg. tomate, of American
Indian origin; cf. Mexican tomail.] (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of a plant of the Nightshade family (Lycopersicum
esculentun); also, the plant itself. The fruit, which is called also
love apple, is usually of a rounded, flattened form, but often
irregular in shape. It is of a bright red or yellow color, and is
eaten either cooked or uncooked. Tomato gall (Zoöl.), a large gall
consisting of a mass of irregular swellings on the stems and leaves
of grapevines. They are yellowish green, somewhat tinged with red,
and produced by the larva of a small two-winged fly (Lasioptera
vitis).
 -- Tomato sphinx (Zoöl.), the adult or imago of the tomato worm. It
closely resembles the tobacco hawk moth. Called also tomato hawk
moth. See Illust. of Hawk moth.
 -- Tomato worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a large hawk moth (Sphinx, or
Macrosila, quinquemaculata) which feeds upon the leaves of the tomato
and potato plants, often doing considerable damage. Called also
potato worm.

TOMB
Tomb, n. Etym: [OE. tombe, toumbe, F. tombe, LL. tumba, fr. Gr.
tumulus a mound. Cf. Tumulus.]

1. A pit in which the dead body of a human being is deposited; a
grave; a sepulcher.
As one dead in the bottom of a tomb. Shak.

2. A house or vault, formed wholly or partly in the earth, with walls
and a roof, for the reception of the dead. "In tomb of marble
stones." Chaucer.

3. A monument erected to inclose the body and preserve the name and
memory of the dead.
Hang her an epitaph upon her tomb. Shak.
Tomb bat (Zoöl.), any one of species of Old World bats of the genus
Taphozous which inhabit tombs, especially the Egyptian species (T.
perforatus).

TOMB
Tomb,, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tombed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tombing.]

Defn: To place in a tomb; to bury; to inter; to entomb.
I tombed my brother that I might be blessed. Chapman.

TOMBAC
Tom"bac, n. Etym: [Pg. tambaca,tambaque, fr. Malay tambaga copper;
cf. Skr. tamraka; cf. F. tombac.] (Metal.)

Defn: An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling brass, and containing
about 84 per cent of copper; -- called also German, or Dutch, brass.
It is very malleable and ductile, and when beaten into thin leaves is
sometimes called Dutch metal. The addition of arsenic makes white
tombac. [Written also tombak, and tambac.]

TOM ' BEDLAM
Tom o' Bed"lam.

Defn: Formerly, a wandering mendicant discharged as incurable from
Bethlehem Hospitel, Eng.; hence, a wandering mendicant, either mad or
feigning to be so; a madman; a bedlamite.

TOMBESTER
Tom"bes*ter, n. Etym: [See Tumble, and -ster.]

Defn: A female dancer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOMBLESS
Tomb"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a tomb.

TOMBOY
Tom"boy`, n. Etym: [Tom (for Thomas, L. Thomas, fr. Gr. boy.]

Defn: A romping girl; a hoiden. [Colloq.] J. Fletcher.

TOMBSTONE
Tomb"stone`, n.

Defn: A stone erected over a grave, to preserve the memory of the
deceased.

TOMCAT
Tom"cat`, n. Etym: [Tom (see Tomboy) + cat.]

Defn: A male cat, especially when full grown or of large size.

TOMCOD
Tom"cod`, n. Etym: [Tom (see Tomboy) + cod: cf. F. tacaud whiting
pout, American Indian tacaud, literally, plenty fish.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A small edible American fish (Microgadus tomcod) of the Codfish
family, very abundant in autumn on the Atlantic coast of the Northen
United States; -- called also frostfish. See Illust. under Frostfish.
(b) The kingfish. See Kingfish (a).
(c) The jack. See 2d Jack, 8. (c).

TOME
Tome, n. Etym: [F. tome (cf. It., Sp., & Pg. tomo), L. tomus, fr. Gr.
tondere to shear, E. tonsure. Cf. Anatomy, Atom, Entomology, Epitome.
]

Defn: As many writings as are bound in a volume, forming part of a
larger work; a book; -- usually applied to a ponderous volume.
Tomes of fable and of dream. Cowper.
A more childish expedient than that to which he now resorted is not
to be found in all the tomes of the casuists. Macaulay.

TOMELET
Tome"let, n.

Defn: All small tome, or volume. [R.]

TOMENTOSE
To"men*tose`, a. Etym: [L. tomentum a stuffing of wool, hair, or
feathers: cf. F. tomenteux.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Covered with matted woolly hairs; as, a tomentose leaf; a
tomentose leaf; a tomentose membrane.

TOMENTOUS
To*men"tous, a.

Defn: Tomentose.

TOMENTUM
To*men"tum, n.; pl. Tomenta. Etym: [L. See Tomentose. ] (Bot.)

Defn: The closely matted hair or downy nap covering the leaves or
stems of some plants.

TOMFOOL
Tom"fool`, n. Etym: [Tom (see Tomboy) + fool.]

Defn: A great fool; a trifler.

TOMFOOLERY
Tom`fool"er*y, n.

Defn: Folly; trifling.

TOMIUM
To"mi*um, n.; pl. Tomia Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cutting edge of the bill of a bird.

TOMJOHN
Tom"john`, n. Etym: [Probably of East Indian origin.]

Defn: A kind of open sedan used in Ceylon, carried by a single pole
on men's shoulders.

TOMMY
Tom"my, n.

1. Bread, -- generally a penny roll; the supply of food carried by
workmen as their daily allowance. [Slang,Eng.]

2. A truck, or barter; the exchange of labor for goods, not money.
[Slang, Eng.]

Note: Tommy is used adjectively or in compounds; as, tommy master,
tommy-store,tommy-shop,etc.

TOMMY ATKINS
Tom"my At"kins.

Defn: Any white regular soldier of the British army; also, such
soldiers collectively; -- said to be fictitious name inserted in the
models given to soldiers to guide them in filling out account blanks,
etc.

TOMNODDY
Tom"nod`dy, n. Etym: [Tom (see Tomboy) + noddy.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea bird, the puffin. [Prov.Eng.]

2. A fool; a dunce; a noddy.

TOMOPTERIS
To*mop"te*ris, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of transparent marine annelids which swim actively at
the surface of the sea. They have deeply divided or forked finlike
organs (parapodia). This genus is the type of the order, or suborder,
Gymnocopa.

TOMORN
To*morn", adv. Etym: [Prep. to + morn.]

Defn: To-morrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOMORROW
To*mor"row, adv. Etym: [Prep. to + morrow.]

Defn: On the day after the present day; on the next day; on the
morrow.
Summon him to-morrow to the Tower. Shak.

TOMORROW
To*mor"row, n.

Defn: The day after the present; the morrow."To-morrow is our wedding
day." Cowper.
One today is worth two to-morrows. Franklin.

TOMPION
Tom"pi*on, n. Etym: [See Tampios]

1. A stopper of a cannon or a musket. See Tampion.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A plug in a flute or an organ pipe, to modulate the tone.
Knight.

3. The iron bottom to which grapeshot are fixed.

TOMPON
Tom"pon, n. Etym: [F. tampon. See Tampion.]

Defn: An inking pad used in lithographic printing.

TOMRIG
Tom"rig`, n. Etym: [Tom (see Tomboy) + rig.)]

Defn: A rude, wild, wanton girl; a hoiden; a tomboy. Dennis.

TOMTATE
Tom"tate, n.

Defn: A Florida and West Indian grunt (Bathystoma, or Hæmulon,
rimator); also, any of various allied species.

TOMTIT
Tom"tit`, n. Etym: [Tom (see Tomboy) + tit the bird.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A titmouse, esp. the blue titmouse. [Prov.eng.]
(b) The wren. [Prov.eng.]

TOM-TOM
Tom"-tom`, n.

Defn: See Tam-tam.

TON
Ton, obs.

Defn: pl. of Toe. Chaucer.

TON
Ton, n. Etym: [Cf. Tunny.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common tunny, or house mackerel.

TON
Ton, n. Etym: [F. See Tone.]

Defn: The prevailing fashion or mode; vogue; as, things of ton.
Byron.
If our people of ton are selfish, at any rate they show they are
selfish. Thackeray.
Bon ton. See in the Vocabulary.

TON
Ton, n. Etym: [OE. tonne, tunne, a tun, AS. tunne a tun, tub, a large
vessel; akin to G. & F. tonne a ton, tun, LL. tunna a tun; all
perhaps of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. tunna a tun. Cf.
Tun,Tunnel.] (Com.)

Defn: A measure of weight or quantity. Specifically: --
(a) The weight of twenty hundredweight.

Note: In England, the ton is 2,240 pounds. In the United States the
ton is commonly estimated at 2,000 pounds, this being sometimes
called the short ton, while that of 2,240 pounds is called the long
ton.
(b) (Naut. & Com.) Forty cubic feet of space, being the unit of
measurement of the burden, or carrying capacity, of a vessel; as a
vessel of 300 tons burden. See the Note under Tonnage.
(c) (Naut. & Com.) A certain weight or quantity of merchandise, with
reference to transportation as freight; as, six hundred weight of
ship bread in casks, seven hundred weight in bags, eight hundred
weight in bulk; ten bushels of potatoes; eight sacks, or ten barrels,
of flour; forty cubic feet of rough, or fifty cubic feet of hewn,
timber, etc.

Note: Ton and tun have the same etymology, and were formerly used
interchangeably; but now ton generally designates the weight, and tun
the cask. See Tun.

TONALITY
To*nal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tonalité.] (Mus.)

Defn: The principle of key in music; the character which a
composition has by virtue of the key in which it is written, or
through the family relationship of all its tones and chords to the
keynote, or tonic, of the whole.
The predominance of the tonic as the link which connects all the
tones of a piece, we may, with Fétis, term the principle of tonality.
Helmholtz.

TO-NAME
To"-name`, n. Etym: [prep. to + name.]

Defn: A name added, for the sake of distinction, to one's surname, or
used instead of it. [Scot.] Jamieson.

TONCA BEAN
Ton"ca bean`. (Bot.)

Defn: See Tonka bean.

TONE
Tone, n. Etym: [F. ton, L. tonus a sound, tone, fr. Gr. Thin, and cf.
Monotonous, Thunder, Ton fasion,Tune.]

1. Sound, or the character of a sound, or a sound considered as of
this or that character; as, a low, high, loud, grave, acute, sweet,
or harsh tone.
[Harmony divine] smooths her charming tones. Milton.
Tones that with seraph hymns might blend. Keble.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: Accent, or inflection or modulation of the voice, as adapted to
express emotion or passion.
Eager his tone, and ardent were his eyes. Dryden.

3. A whining style of speaking; a kind of mournful or artificial
strain of voice; an affected speaking with a measured rhythm ahd a
regular rise and fall of the voice; as, children often read with a
tone.

4. (Mus.)
(a) A sound considered as to pitch; as, the seven tones of the
octave; she has good high tones.
(b) The larger kind of interval between contiguous sounds in the
diatonic scale, the smaller being called a semitone as, a whole tone
too flat; raise it a tone.
(c) The peculiar quality of sound in any voice or instrument; as, a
rich tone, a reedy tone.
(d) A mode or tune or plain chant; as, the Gregorian tones.

Note: The use of the word tone, both for a sound and for the interval
between two sounds or tones, is confusing, but is common -- almost
universal.

Note: Nearly every musical sound is composite, consisting of several
simultaneous tones having different rates of vibration according to
fixed laws, which depend upon the nature of the vibrating body and
the mode of excitation. The components (of a composite sound) are
called partial tones; that one having the lowest rate of vibration is
the fundamental tone, and the other partial tones are called
harmonics, or overtones. The vibration ratios of the partial tones
composing any sound are expressed by all, or by a part, of the
numbers in the series 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.; and the quality of any
sound (the tone color) is due in part to the presence or absence of
overtones as represented in this series, and in part to the greater
or less intensity of those present as compared with the fundamental
tone and with one another. Resultant tones, combination tones,
summation tones, difference tones, Tartini's tones (terms only in
part synonymous) are produced by the simultaneous sounding of two or
more primary (simple or composite) tones.

5. (Med.)

Defn: That state of a body, or of any of its organs or parts, in
which the animal functions are healthy and performed with due vigor.

Note: In this sense, the word is metaphorically applied to character
or faculties, intellectual and moral; as, his mind has lost its tone.

6. (Physiol.)

Defn: Tonicity; as, arterial tone.

7. State of mind; temper; mood.
The strange situation I am in and the melancholy state of public
affairs, . . . drag the mind down . . . from a philosophical tone or
temper, to the drudgery of private and public business. Bolingbroke.
Their tone was dissatisfied, almost menacing. W. C. Bryant.

8. Tenor; character; spirit; drift; as, the tone of his remarks was
commendatory.

9. General or prevailing character or style, as of morals, manners,
or sentiment, in reference to a scale of high and low; as, a low tone
of morals; a tone of elevated sentiment; a courtly tone of manners.

10. The general effect of a picture produced by the combination of
light and shade, together with color in the case of a painting; --
commonly used in a favorable sense; as, this picture has tone. Tone
color. (Mus.) see the Note under def. 4, above.
 -- Tone syllable, an accented syllable. M. Stuart.

TONE
Tone, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toned; p. pr. & vb. n. Toning.]

1. To utter with an affected tone.

2. To give tone, or a particular tone, to; to tune. See Tune, v. t.

3. (Photog.)

Defn: To bring, as a print, to a certain required shade of color, as
by chemical treatment. To tone down. (a) To cause to give lower tone
or sound; to give a lower tone to. (b) (Paint.) To modify, as color,
by making it less brilliant or less crude; to modify, as a
composition of color, by making it more harmonius.
Its thousand hues toned down harmoniusly. C. Kingsley.
(c) Fig.: To moderate or relax; to diminish or weaken the striking
characteristics of; to soften.
The best method for the purpose in hand was to employ some one of a
character and position suited to get possession of their confidence,
and then use it to tone down their religious strictures. Palfrey.
-- To tone up, to cause to give a higher tone or sound; to give a
higher tone to; to make more intense; to heighten; to strengthen.

TONED
Toned, a.

Defn: Having (such) a tone; -- chiefly used in composition; as, high-
toned; sweet-toned. Toned paper, paper having a slight tint, in
distinction from paper which is quite white.

TONELESS
Tone"less, a.

Defn: Having no tone; unmusical.

TONG; TONGE
Tong, Tonge, n.

Defn: Tongue. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TONGA
Ton"ga, n. (Med.)

Defn: A drug useful in neuralgia, derived from a Fijian plant
supposed to be of the aroid genus Epipremnum.

TONGKANG
Tong"kang, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A kind of boat or junk used in the seas of the Malay
Archipelago.

TONGO
Ton"go, n.

Defn: The mangrove; -- so called in the Pacific Islands.

TONGS
Tongs, n. pl. Etym: [OE. tonge, tange, AS. tange; akin to D. tang, G.
zanga, OHG. zanga, Don. tang, Sw. tng, Icel. tng, Gr. dadaTang a
strong taste, anything projecting.]

Defn: An instrument, usually of metal, consisting of two parts, or
long shafts, jointed together at or near one end, or united by an
elastic bow, used for handling things, especially hot coals or
metals; -- often called a pair of tongs.

TONGUE
Tongue, n. Etym: [OE. tunge, tonge, AS. tunge; akin to OFries. tunge,
D. tong, OS. tunga, G. zunge, OHG. zunga, Icel. & Sw. tunga, Dan
tunge, Goth. tugdingua, L. lingua. Language, Lingo. ]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: an organ situated in the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates
and connected with the hyoid arch.

Note: The tongue is usually muscular, mobile, and free at one
extremity, and in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste,
aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the
voice as in speech.
To make his English sweet upon his tongue. Chaucer.

2. The power of articulate utterance; speech.
Parrots imitating human tongue. Dryden.

3. Discourse; fluency of speech or expression.
Much tongue and much judgment seldom go together. L. Estrange.

4. Honorable discourse; eulogy. [Obs.]
She was born noble; let that title find her a private grave, but
neither tongue nor honor. Beau. & Fl.

5. A language; the whole sum of words used by a particular nation;
as, the English tongue. Chaucer.
Whose tongue thou shalt not understand. Deut. xxviii. 49.
To speak all tongues. Milton.

6. Speech; words or declarations only; -- opposed to thoughts or
actions.
My little children, let us love in word, neither in tongue, but in
deed and in truth. 1 John iii. 18.

7. A people having a distinct language.
A will gather all nations and tongues. Isa. lxvi. 18.

8. (Zoöl.)
(a) The lingual ribbon, or odontophore, of a mollusk.
(b) The proboscis of a moth or a butterfly.
(c) The lingua of an insect.

9. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small sole.

10. That which is considered as resembing an animal's tongue, in
position or form. Specifically: --
(a) A projection, or slender appendage or fixture; as, the tongue of
a buckle, or of a balance.

(b) A projection on the side, as of a board, which fits into a
groove.
(c) A point, or long, narrow strip of land, projecting from the
mainland into a sea or a lake.
(d) The pole of a vehicle; especially, the pole of an ox cart, to the
end of which the oxen are yoked.
(e) The clapper of a bell.
(f) (Naut.) A sort piece of rope spliced into the upper part of
standing backstays, etc.; also. the upper main piece of a mast
composed of several pieces.
(g) (Mus.) Same as Reed, n., 5. To hold the tongue, to be silent.
 -- Tongue bone (Anat.), the hyoid bone.
 -- Tongue grafting. See under Grafting.

Syn.
 -- Language; speech; expression. See Language.

TONGUE
Tongue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tongued; p. pr. & vb. n. Tonguing.]

1. To speak; to utter. "Such stuff as madmen tongue." Shak.

2. To chide; to scold.
How might she tongue me. Shak
.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: To modulate or modify with the tongue, as notes, in playing the
flute and some other wind instruments.

4. To join means of a tongue and grove; as, to tongue boards
together.

TONGUE
Tongue, v. i.

1. To talk; to prate. Dryden.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: To use the tongue in forming the notes, as in playing the flute
and some other wind instruments.

TONGUEBIRD
Tongue"bird`, n.

Defn: The wryneck. [Prov. Eng.]

TONGUED
Tongued, a.

Defn: Having a tongue.
Tongued like the night crow. Donne.

TONGUEFISH
Tongue"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flounder (Symphurus plagiusa) native of the southern coast of
the United States.

TONGUELESS
Tongue"less, a.

1. Having no tongue.

2. Hence, speechless; mute. "What tongueless blocks were they! would
they not speak" Shak.

3. Unnamed; not spoken of. [Obs.]
One good deed dying tongueless. Shak.

TONGUELET
Tongue"let, n.

Defn: A little tongue.

TONGUE-PAD
Tongue"-pad`, n.

Defn: A great talker. [Obs.]

TONGUE-SHAPED
Tongue"-shaped`, a.

Defn: Shaped like a tongue; specifically (Bot.), linear or oblong,
and fleshy, blunt at the end, and convex beneath; as, a tongue-shaped
leaf.

TONGUE-SHELL
Tongue"-shell`, n.

Defn: Any species of Lingula.

TONGUESTER
Tongue"ster, n.

Defn: One who uses his tongue; a talker; a story-teller; a gossip.
[Poetic.]
Step by step we rose to greatness; through the tonguesters we may
fall. Tennyson.

TONGUE-TIE
Tongue"-tie`, n. (Med.)

Defn: Impeded motion of the tongue because of the shortness of the
frænum, or of the adhesion of its margins to the gums. Dunglison.

TONGUE-TIE
Tongue"-tie`, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of speech or the power of speech, or of distinct
articulation.

TONGUE-TIED
Tongue"-tied`, a.

1. Destitute of the power of distinct articulation; having an
impediment in the speech, esp. when caused by a short frænum.

2. Unable to speak freely, from whatever cause.
Love, therefore, and tongue-tied simplicity. Shak.

TONGUEWORM
Tongue"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Linguatulina.

TONGUY
Tongu"y, a.

Defn: Ready or voluble in speaking; as, a tonguy speaker. [Written
also tonguey.] [Colloq.]

TONIC
Ton"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. tonigue, Gr. Tone.]

1. Of or relating to tones or sounds; specifically (Phon.), applied
to, or distingshing, a speech sound made with tone unmixed and
undimmed by obstruction, such sounds, namely, the vowels and
diphthongs, being so called by Dr. James Rush (1833) " from their
forming the purest and most plastic material of intonation."

2. Of or pertaining to tension; increasing tension; hence, increasing
strength; as, tonic power.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Increasing strength, or the tone of the animal system;
obviating the effects of debility, and restoring heatly functions.
Tononic spasm. (Med.) See the Note under Spasm.

TONIC
Ton"ic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tonigue, NL. tonicum.]

1. (Phon.)

Defn: A tonic element or letter; a vowel or a diphthong.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The key tone, or first tone of any scale.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine that increases the srength, and gives vigor of
action to the system. Tonic sol-fa (Mus.), the name of the most
popular among letter systems of notation (at least in England), based
on key relationship, and hence called "tonic." Instead of the five
lines, clefs, signature, etc., of the usual notation, it employs
letters and the syllables do, re, mi, etc., variously modified, with
other simple signs of duration, of upper or lower octave, etc. See
Sol-fa.

TONICAL
Ton"ic*al, a.

Defn: Tonic. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

TONICITY
To*nic"i*ty, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The state of healty tension or partial contraction of muscle
fibers while at rest; tone; tonus.

TONIGHT
To*night", adv. Etym: [Prep. to+night]

1. On this present or coming night.

2. On the last night past. [Obs.] Shak.

TONIGHT
To*night", n.

Defn: The present or the coming night; the night after the present
day.

TONITE
Ton"ite, n. Etym: [Cf.L. tonare to thunder.]

Defn: An explosive compound; a preparation of gun cotton.

TONKA BEAN
Ton"ka bean`. Etym: [Cf. F. onca, tonka.] (Bot.)

Defn: The seed of a leguminous tree (Dipteryx odorata), native of
Guiana. It has a peculiarly agreeable smell, and is employed in the
scenting of snuff. Called also tiononquin bean. [Written also tonca
bean, tonga bean.]

TON MILE
Ton mile. (Railroads)

Defn: A unit of measurement of the freight transportation performed
by a railroad during a given period, usually a year, the total of
which consists of the sum of the products obtained by multiplying the
aggregate weight of each shipment in tons during the given period by
the number of miles for which it is carried.

TON MILEAGE
Ton mileage. (Railroads)

Defn: Ton miles collectively; esp., the total ton miles performed by
a railroad in a given period.

TONNAGE
Ton"nage (; 48), n. Etym: [From Ton a measure.]

1. The weight of goods carried in a boat or a ship.

2. The cubical content or burden of a vessel, or vessels, in tons;
or, the amount of weight which one or several vessels may carry. See
Ton, n. (b).
A fleet . . . with an aggregate tonnage of 60,000 seemed sufficient
to conquer the world. Motley.

3. A duty or impost on vessels, estimated per ton, or, a duty, toll,
or rate payable on goods per ton transported on canals .

4. The whole amount of shipping estimated by tons; as, the tonnage of
the United States. See Ton.

Note: There are in common use the following terms relating to
tonnage: (a) Displacement. (b) Register tonnage, gross and net. (c)
Freight tonnage. (d) Builders' measurement. (e) Yacht measurement.
The first is mainly used for war vessels, where the total weight is
likely to be nearly constant. The second is the most important, being
that used for commercial purposes. The third and fourth are different
rules for ascertaining the actual burden-carrying power of a vessel,
and the fifth is for the proper classification of pleasure craft.
Gross tonnage expresses the total cubical interior of a vessel; net
tonnage, the cubical space actually available for freight-carrying
purposes. Rules for ascertaining these measurements are established
by law.

TONNE
Tonne, n.

Defn: A tun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TONNEAU
Ton`neau", n.; pl. Tonneaux (#). [F.]

1. In France, a light-wheeled vehicle with square or rounded body and
rear entrance.

2.  (Automobiles) Orig., the after part of the body with  entrance at
the rear (as in vehicle in def. 1); now, one with sides closing in
the seat or seats and entered by a door usually at the side, also,
the entire body of an automobile having such an after part.

3.  = Tonne.

TONNIHOOD
Ton"ni*hood, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The female of the bullfinch; -- called also tonyhoop. [Prov.
Eng.]

TONNISH
Ton"nish, a.

Defn: In the ton; fashionable; modish.
 -- Ton"nish*ness, n.

TONOMETER
To*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

1. (Physics.)

Defn: An instrument for determining the rate of vibrations in tones.

2. (Physiol.)
(a) An apparatus for studying and registering the action of various
fluids and drugs on the excised heart of lower animals.
(b) An instrument for measuring tension, esp. that of the eyeball.

TONOMETRY
To*nom"e*try, n.

Defn: The act of measuring with a tonometer; specifically (Med.),
measurement of tension, esp. the tension of the eyeball.

TONOPHANT
Ton"o*phant, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physics.)

Defn: A modification of the kaleidophon, for showing composition of
acoustic vibrations. It consists of two thin slips of steel welded
together, their length being adjystable by a screw socket.

TONOUS
Ton"ous, a.

Defn: Abounding in tone or sound.

TONQUIN BEAN
Ton"quin bean`

Defn: See Tonka bean.

TONSIL
Ton"sil, n. Etym: [L. tonsilltonsille. ] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the two glandular organs situated in the throat at the
sides of the fauces. The tonsils are sometimes called the almonds,
from their shape.

TONSILAR
Ton"sil*ar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tonsils; tonsilitic. [Written also
tonsillar.]

TONSILE
Ton"sile, a. Etym: [L. tonsilis, fr. tondere, tonsum, to shear, clip.
See Tonsure. ]

Defn: Capable of being clipped.

TONSILITIC
Ton`sil*it"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Tonsilar. [Written also tonsillitic.]

TONSILITIS
Ton`sil*i"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Tonsil, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the tonsil; quinsy. [Written also, and more
usually, tonsillitis.]

TONSILOTOME
Ton*sil"o*tome, n. Etym: [Tonsil + Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for removing the tonsils.

TONSILOTOMY
Ton`sil*ot"o*my, n. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of removing the tonsil, or a portion thereof.

TONSOR
Ton"sor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A barber. Sir W. Scott.

TONSORIAL
Ton*so"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. tonsorius, fr. tonsor a shearer, barber,
fr. tondere, tonsum, to shear. See Tonsure.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a barber, or shaving.

TONSURE
Ton"sure, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. tonsura a shearing, clipping, from
tondere, tonsum, to shear, shave; cf. Gr. tome.]

1. The act of clipping the hair, or of shaving the crown of the head;
also, the state of being shorn.

2. (R. C. Ch.)
(a) The first ceremony used for devoting a person to the service of
God and the church; the first degree of the clericate, given by a
bishop, abbot, or cardinal priest, consisting in cutting off the hair
from a circular space at the back of the head, with prayers and
benedictions; hence, entrance or admission into minor orders.
(b) The shaven corona, or crown, which priests wear as a mark of
their order and of their rank.

TONSURED
Ton"sured, a.

Defn: Having the tonsure; shaven; shorn; clipped; hence, bald.
A tonsured head in middle age forlorn. Tennyson.

TONTINE
Ton*tine", n. Etym: [F., from It. tontina; -- so called from its
inventor, Tonti, an Italian, of the 17th century.]

Defn: An annuity, with the benefit of survivorship, or a loan raised
on life annuities with the benefit of survivorship. Thus, an annuity
is shared among a number, on the principle that the share of each, at
his death, is enjoyed by the survivors, until at last the whole goes
to the last survivor, or to the last two or three, according to the
terms on which the money is advanced. Used also adjectively; as,
tontine insurance.
Too many of the financiers by professions are apt to see nothing in
revenue but banks, and circulations, and annuities on lives, and
tontines, and perpetual rents, and all the small wares of the shop.
Burke.

TONTINE INSURANCE
Ton*tine" in*su"rance. (Life Insurance)

Defn: Insurance in which the benefits of the insurance are
distributed upon the tontine principle. Under the old, or full
tontine, plan, all benefits were forfeited on lapsed policies, on the
policies of those who died within the tontine period only the face of
the policy was paid without any share of the surplus, and the
survivor at the end of the tontine period received the entire
surplus. This plan of tontine insurance has been replaced in the
United States by the semitontine plan, in which the surplus is
divided among the holders of policies in force at the termination of
the tontine period, but the reverse for the paid-up value is paid on
lapsed policies, and on the policies of those that have died the face
is paid. Other modified forms are called free tontine, deferred
dividend, etc., according to the nature of the tontine arrangement.

TONUS
To"nus, n. Etym: [L. a sound, tone. See Tone.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Tonicity, or tone; as, muscular tonus.

TONY
To"ny, n.; pl. Tonies. Etym: [Abbrev. from Anthony.]

Defn: A simpleton. L'Estrange.
A pattern and companion fit For all the keeping tonies of the pit.
Dryden.

TOO
Too, adv. Etym: [The same word as to, prep. See To.]

1. Over; more than enough; -- noting excess; as, a thing is too long,
too short, or too wide; too high; too many; too much.
His will, too strong to bend, too proud to learn. Cowley.

2. Likewise; also; in addition.
An honest courtier, yet a patriot too. Pope.
Let those eyes that view The daring crime, behold the vengeance too.
Pope.
Too too, a duplication used to signify great excess.
O that this too too solid flesh would melt. Shak.
Such is not Charles his too too active age. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Also; likewise. See Also.

TOOK
Took,

Defn: imp. of Take.

TOOL
Tool, n. Etym: [OE. tol,tool. AS. tl; akin to Icel. tl, Goth. taijan
to do, to make, taui deed, work, and perhaps to E. taw to dress
leather. sq. root64.]

1. An instrument such as a hammer, saw, plane, file, and the like,
used in the manual arts, to facilitate mechanical operations; any
instrument used by a craftsman or laborer at his work; an implement;
as, the tools of a joiner, smith, shoe-maker, etc.; also, a cutter,
chisel, or other part of an instrument or machine that dresses work.

2. A machine for cutting or shaping materials; -- also called machine
tool.

3. Hence, any instrument of use or service.
That angry fool . . . Whipping her house, did with his amarting tool
Oft whip her dainty self. Spenser.

4. A weapon. [Obs.]
Him that is aghast of every tool. Chaucer.

5. A person used as an instrument by another person; -- a word of
reproach; as, men of intrigue have their tools, by whose agency they
accomplish their purposes.
I was not made for a minion or a tool. Burks.

TOOL
Tool, v. t. [imp. & p. p. tooled; p. pr. & vb. n. tooling.]

1. To shape, form, or finish with a tool. "Elaborately tooled." Ld.
Lytton.

2. To drive, as a coach. [Slang,Eng.]

TOOLING
Tool"ing, n.

Defn: Work perfomed with a tool.
The fine tooling and delicate tracery of the cabinet artist is lost
upon a building of colossal proportions. De Quincey.

TOOL-POST; TOOL-STOCK
Tool"-post`, Tool"-stock`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: The part of a toolrest in which a cutting tool is clamped.

TOOL-REST
Tool"-rest`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: the part that supports a tool-post or a tool.

TOOL STEEL
Tool steel.

Defn: Hard steel, usually crucible steel, capable of being tempered
so as to be suitable for tools.

TOOM
Toom, a. Etym: [OE. tom, fr. Icel. tomr; akin to Dan. & Sw. tom, As.
tome, adv. Cf. Teem to pour.]

Defn: Empty. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.] Wyclif.

TOOM
Toom, v. t.

Defn: To empty. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.]

TOON
Toon, obs.

Defn: pl. of Toe. Chaucer.

TOON
Toon, n. Etym: [Hind. tun, tun, Skr. tunna.] (Bot.)

Defn: The reddish brown wood of an East Indian tree (Cedrela Toona)
closely resembling the Spanish cedar; also. the tree itself.

TOONWOOD
Toon"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Toon.

TOOT
Toot, v. i. Etym: [OE. toten, AS. totian to project; hence, to peep
out.] [Written also tout.]

1. To stand out, or be prominent. [Obs.] Howell.

2. To peep; to look narrowly. [Obs.] Latimer.
For birds in bushes tooting. Spenser.

TOOT
Toot, v. t.

Defn: To see; to spy. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

TOOT
Toot, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tooted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tooting.] Etym:
[Cf. D. toeten to blow a horn, G. tuten, Sw.tuta, Dan. tude; probably
of imitative origin.]

Defn: To blow or sound a horn; to make similar noise by contact of
the tongue with the root of the upper teeth at the beginning and end
of the sound; also, to give forth such a sound, as a horn when blown.
"A tooting horn." Howell.
Tooting horns and rattling teams of mail coaches. Thackeray.

TOOT
Toot, v. t.

Defn: To cause to sound, as a horn, the note being modified at the
beginning and end as if by pronouncing the letter t; to blow; to
sound.

TOOTER
Toot"er, n.

Defn: One who toots; one who plays upon a pipe or horn. B. Jonson.

TOOTH
Tooth, n.; pl. Teeth. Etym: [OE. toth,tooth, AS. ttth, OS. & D. tand,
OHG. zang, zan, G. zahn, Icel. tnn, Sw. & Dan. tand, Goth. tumpus,
Lith. dantis, W. dant, L. dens, dentis, Gr. danta; probably
originally the p. pr. of the verb to eat. *239. Cf. Eat, Dandelion,
Dent the tooth of a wheel, Dental, Dentist, Indent, Tine of a fork,
Tusk. ]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws,
or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most
vertebrates, and which usually aid in the prehension and mastication
of food.

Note: The hard parts of teeth are principally made up of dentine, or
ivory, and a very hard substance called enamel. These are variously
combined in different animals. Each tooth consist of three parts, a
crown, or body, projecting above the gum, one or more fangs imbedded
in the jaw, and the neck, or intermediate part. In some animals one
or more of the teeth are modified into tusks which project from the
mouth, as in both sexes of the elephant and of the walrus, and in the
male narwhal. In adult man there are thirty-two teeth, composed
largely of dentine, but the crowns are covered with enamel, and the
fangs with a layer of bone called cementum. Of the eight teeth on
each half of each jaw, the two in front are incisors, then come one
canine, cuspid, or dog tooth, two bicuspids, or false molars, and
three molars, or grinding teeth. The milk, or temporary, teeth are
only twenty in number, there being two incisors, one canine, and two
molars on each half of each jaw. The last molars, or wisdom teeth,
usually appear long after the others, and occasionally do not appear
above the jaw at all.
How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is To have a thankless child !
Shak.

2. Fig.: Taste; palate.
These are not dishes for thy dainty tooth. Dryden.

3. Any projection corresponding to the tooth of an animal, in shape,
position, or office; as, the teeth, or cogs, of a cogwheel; a tooth,
prong, or tine, of a fork; a tooth, or the teeth, of a rake, a saw, a
file, a card.

4.
(a) A projecting member resembling a tenon, but fitting into a
mortise that is only sunk, not pierced through.
(b) One of several steps, or offsets, in a tusk. See Tusk.

5. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: An angular or prominence on any edge; as, a tooth on the scale
of a fish, or on a leaf of a plant; specifically (Bot.),

Defn: one of the appendages at the mouth of the capsule of a moss.
See Peristome.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any hard calcareous or chitinous organ found in the mouth of
various invertebrates and used in feeding or procuring food; as, the
teeth of a mollusk or a starfish. In spite of the teeth, in defiance
of opposition; in opposition to every effort.
 -- In the teeth, directly; in direct opposition; in front. "Nor
strive with all the tempest in my teeth." Pope.
 -- To cast in the teeth, to report reproachfully; to taunt or insult
one with.
 -- Tooth and nail, as if by biting and scratching; with one's utmost
power; by all possible means. L'Estrange. "I shall fight tooth and
nail for international copyright." Charles Reade.
 -- Tooth coralline (Zoöl.), any sertularian hydroid.
 -- Tooth edge, the sensation excited in the teeth by grating sounds,
and by the touch of certain substances, as keen acids.
 -- Tooth key, an instrument used to extract teeth by a motion
resembling that of turning a key.
 -- Tooth net, a large fishing net anchored. [Scot.] Jamieson.
 -- Tooth ornament. (Arch.) Same as Dogtooth, n., 2.Tooth paste, a
paste for cleaning the teeth; a dentifrice.
 -- Tooth powder, a powder for cleaning the teeth; a dentifrice.
 -- Tooth rash. (Med.) See Red-gum, 1.
 -- To show the teeth, to threaten. "When the Law shows her teeth,
but dares not bite." Young.
 -- To the teeth, in open opposition; directly to one's face. "That I
shall live, and tell him to his teeth ." Shak.

TOOTH
Tooth, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toothed; p. pr. & vb. n. Toothing.]

1. To furnish with teeth.
The twin cards toothed with glittering wire. Wordsworth.

2. To indent; to jag; as, to tooth a saw.

3. To lock into each other. See Tooth, n., 4. Moxon.

TOOTHACHE
Tooth"ache`, n. (Med.)

Defn: Pain in a tooth or in the teeth; odontalgia. Toothache grass
(Bot.), a kind of grass (Ctenium Americanum) having a very pungent
taste.
 -- Toothache tree. (Bot.) (a) The prickly ash. (b) A shrub of the
genus Aralia (A. spinosa).

TOOTHBACK
Tooth"back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any notodontian.

TOOTHBILL
Tooth"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar fruit-eating ground pigeon (Didunculus strigiostris)
native of the Samoan Islands, and noted for its resemblance, in
several characteristics, to the extinct dodo. Its beak is stout and
strongly hooked, and the mandible has two or three strong teeth
toward the end. or ts color is chocolate red. Called also toothbilled
pigeon, and manu-mea.

TOOTHBRUSH
Tooth"brush`, n.

Defn: A brush for cleaning the teeth.

TOOTHDRAWER
Tooth"draw`er, n.

Defn: One whose business it is to extract teeth with instruments; a
dentist. Shak.

TOOTHED
Toothed, a.

1. Having teeth; furnished with teeth. "Ruby-lipped and toothed with
pearl." Herrick.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Having marginal projecting points; dentate. Toothed whale
(Zoöl.), any whale of the order Denticete. See Denticete.
 -- Toothed wheel, a wheel with teeth or projections cut or set on
its edge or circumference, for transmitting motion by their action on
the engaging teeth of another wheel.

TOOTHFUL
Tooth"ful, a.

Defn: Toothsome. [Obs.]

TOOTHING
Tooth"ing, n.

1. The act or process of indenting or furnishing with teeth.

2. (Masonry)

Defn: Bricks alternately projecting at the end of a wall, in order
that they may be bonded into a continuation of it when the remainder
is carried up. Toothing plane, a plane of which the iron is formed
into a series of small teeth, for the purpose of roughening surfaces,
as of veneers.

TOOTHLESS
Tooth"less, a.

Defn: Having no teeth. Cowper.

TOOTHLET
Tooth"let, n.

Defn: A little tooth, or like projection.

TOOTHLETED
Tooth"let*ed, a.

Defn: Having a toothlet or toothlets; as, a toothleted leaf. [Written
also toothletted.]

TOOTHPICK
Tooth"pick`, n.

Defn: A pointed instument for clearing the teeth of substances lodged
between them.

TOOTHPICKER
Tooth"pick`er, n.

Defn: A toothpick. [Obs.] Shak.

TOOTHSHELL
Tooth"shell", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Dentalium and allied genera having a tooth-
shaped shell. See Dentalium.

TOOTHSOME
Tooth"some, a.

Defn: Grateful to the taste; palable.
 -- Tooth"some*ly, adv.
 -- Tooth"some*ness, n.
Though less toothsome to me, they were more wholesome for me. Fuller.

TOOTHWORT
Tooth"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant whose roots are fancied to resemble teeth, as certain
plants of the genus Lathræa, and various species of Dentaria. See
Coralwort.

TOOTHY
Tooth"y, a.

Defn: Toothed; with teeth. [R] Croxall.

TOOTLE
Too"tle, v. i.  [imp. & p. p. Tootled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tootling.]
[Freq. of toot.]

Defn: To toot gently, repeatedly, or continuously, on a wind
instrument, as a flute; also, to make a similar noise by any means.
"The tootling robin."  John Clare.

TOOZOO
Too*zoo", n.

Defn: The ringdove. [Prov. Eng.]

TOP
Top, n. Etym: [CF. OD. dop, top, OHG., MNG., & dial. G. topf; perhaps
akin to G. topf a pot.]

1. A child's toy, commonly in the form of a conoid or pear, made to
spin on its point, usually by drawing off a string wound round its
surface or stem, the motion being sometimes continued by means of a
whip.

2. (Rope Making)

Defn: A plug, or conical block of wood, with longitudital grooves on
its surface, in which the strands of the rope slide in the process of
twisting.

TOP
Top, n. Etym: [AS. top; akin to OFries. top a tuft, D. top top, OHG.
zopf end, tip, tuft of hair, G. zopf tuft of hair, pigtail, top of a
tree, Icel. toppr a tuft of hair, crest, top, Dan. top, Sw. topp
pinnacle, top; of uncertain origin. Cf. Tuft.]

1. The highest part of anything; the upper end, edge, or extremity;
the upper side or surface; summit; apex; vertex; cover; lid; as, the
top of a spire; the top of a house; the top of a mountain; the top of
the ground.
The star that bids the shepherd fold, Now the top of heaven doth
hold. Milton.

2. The utmost degree; the acme; the summit.
The top of my ambition is to contribute to that work. Pope.

3. The highest rank; the most honorable position; the utmost
attainable place; as, to be at the top of one's class, or at the top
of the school.
And wears upon hisbaby brow the round And top of sovereignty. Shak.

4. The chief person; the most prominent one.
Other . . . aspired to be the top of zealots. Milton.

5. The crown of the head, or the hair upon it; the head. "From top to
toe" Spenser.
All the stored vengeance of Heaven fall On her ungrateful top ! Shak.

6. The head, or upper part, of a plant.
The buds . . . are called heads, or tops, as cabbageheads. I. Watts.

7. (Naut.)

Defn: A platform surrounding the head of the lower mast and
projecting on all sudes. It serves to spead the topmast rigging, thus
strengheningthe mast, and also furnishes a convenient standing place
for the men aloft. Totten.

8. (Wool Manuf.)

Defn: A bundle or ball of slivers of comkbed wool, from which the
noils, or dust, have been taken out.

9. Eve; verge; point. [R.] "He was upon the top of his marriage with
Magdaleine." Knolles.

10. The part of a cut gem between the girdle, or circumference, and
the table, or flat upper surface. Knight.

11. pl.

Defn: Top-boots. [Slang] Dickens.

Note: Top is often used adjectively or as the first part of compound
words, usually self-explaining; as, top stone, or topstone; top-
boots, or top boots; top soil, or top-soil. Top and but
(Shipbuilding), a phrase used to denote a method of working long
tapering planks by bringing the but of one plank to the top of the
other to make up a constant breadth in two layers.
 -- Top minnow (Zoöl.), a small viviparous fresh-water fish (Gambusia
patruelis) abundant in the Southern United States. Also applied to
other similar species.

TOP
Top, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Topped; p. pr. & vb. n. Topping.]

1. To rise aloft; to be eminent; to tower; as, lofty ridges and
topping mountains. Derham.

2. To predominate; as, topping passions. "Influenced by topping
uneasiness." Locke.

3. To excel; to rise above others.
But write thy, and top. Dryden.

TOP
Top, v. t.

1. To cover on the top; to tip; to cap; -- chiefly used in the past
participle.
Like moving mountains topped with snow. Waller.
A mount Of alabaster, topped with golden spires. Milton.

2. To rise above; to excel; to outgo; to surpass.
Topping all others in boasting. Shak.
Edmund the base shall top the legitimate. Shak.

3. To rise to the top of; to go over the top of.
But wind about till thou hast topped the hill. Denham.

4. To take off the or upper part of; to crop.
Top your rose trees a little with your knife. Evelyn.

5. To perform eminently, or better than before.
From endeavoring universally to top their parts, they will go
universally beyond them. Jeffrey.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: To raise one end of, as a yard, so that that end becomes higher
than the other. To top off, to complete by putting on, or finishing,
the top or uppermost part of; as, to top off a stack of hay; hence,
to complete; to finish; to adorn.

TOPARCH
To"parch, n. Etym: [L. toparcha, Gr.

Defn: The ruler or principal man in a place or country; the governor
of a toparchy.
The prince and toparch of that country. Fuller.

TOPARCHY
To"parch*y, n.; pl. Toparchies. Etym: [L. toparchia, Gr. Toparch.]

Defn: A small state, consisting of a few cities or towns; a petty
country governed by a toparch; as, Judea was formerly divided into
ten toparchies. Fuller.

TOP-ARMOR
Top"-ar`mor, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A top railing supported by stanchions and equipped with
netting.

TOPAU
To"pau, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The rhinocerous bird (a).

TOPAZ
To"paz, n. Etym: [OE. topas, F. topaze, L. topazos, or topazion, a
kind of precious stone, Gr. to`pazos, topa`zion; possibly akin to
Skr. tap to glow (cf. Tepid). According to some, the name is from
Topazos, a small island in the Red Sea, where the Romans obtained a
stone which they called by this name, but which is the chrysolite of
the moderns.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in rhombic prisms, generally yellowish and
pellucid, also colorless, and of greenesh, bluish, or brownish
shades. It sometimes occurs massive and opaque. It is a fluosilicate
of alumina, and is used as a gem.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Either one of two species of large, brilliantly colored humming
birds of the Topaza, of South America and the West Indies.

Note: The two tail feathers next to the central ones are much longer
that the rest, curved, and crossed. The Throat is metallic yellowish-
green, with a tint like topaz in the center, the belly is bright
crimson, the back bright red. Called also topaz hummer. False topaz.
(Min.) See the Note under Quartz.

TOPAZOLITE
To*paz"o*lite, n. Etym: [Topaz + -lite; cf. F. topazolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A topaz-yellow variety of garnet.

TOP-BLOCK
Top"-block`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A large ironbound block strapped with a hook, and, when used,
hung to an eyebolt in the cap, -- used in swaying and lowering the
topmast. Totten.

TOP-BOOTS
Top"-boots, n. pl.

Defn: High boots, having generally a band of some kind of light-
colored leather around the upper part of the leg; riding boots.

TOP-CHAIN
Top"-chain`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A chain for slinging the lower yards, in time of action, to
prevent their falling, if the ropes by which they are hung are shot
away.

TOP-CLOTH
Top"-cloth, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of canvas used to cover the hammocks which are lashed
to the top in action to protect the topmen.

TOPCOAT
Top"coat`, n.

Defn: An outer coat; an overcoat.

TOP-DRAIN
Top"-drain`, v. t.

Defn: To drain the surface of, as land; as, to top-drain a field or
farm.

TOP-DRAINING
Top"-drain`ing, n.

Defn: The act or practice of drining the surface of land.

TOP-DRESS
Top"-dress`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Top-dressed; p. pr. & vb. n. Top-
dressing.]

Defn: To apply a surface dressing of manureto,as land.

TOP-DRESSING
Top"-dress`ing, n.

Defn: The act of applying a dressing of manure to the surface of
land; also, manure so applied.

TOPE
Tope, n. Etym: [Probably from Skr. stpa a tope, astupa, through
Prakrin tppo.]

Defn: A moundlike Buddhist sepulcher, or memorial monument. often
erected over a Buddhish relic.

TOPE
Tope, n. Etym: [Tamil tppu.]

Defn: A grove or clumb of trees; as, a toddy tope. [India] Whitworth.

TOPE
Tope, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small shark or dogfish (Galeorhinus, or Galeus, galeus),
native of Europe, but found also on the coasts of California and
Tasmania; -- called also toper, oil shark, miller's dog, and penny
dog.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wren. [Prov. Eng.]

TOPE
Tope, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toped; p. pr. & vb. n. Toping.] Etym: [F.
tôper to cover a stake in playing at dice, to accept an offer, tôpe
agreed !; -- perhaps imitative of the sound of striking hands on
concluding a bargain. From being used in English as a drinking term,
probably at first in accepting a toast.]

Defn: To drink hard or frequently; to drink strong or spiritous
liquors to excess.
If you tope in form, and treat. Dryden.

TOPEK
To"pek, n. [Eskimo tupek.]

Defn: An ESkimo house made of material other than snow, esp. one
having walls of turf, driftwood, rock, or skin, and a roof of skins
of the walrus or seal. In Alaska it is often partially underground
and covered with timber and turf. Topeks are also used by Indians of
the lower Yukon region.

TOPER
To"per, n.

Defn: One who topes, or drinks frequently or to excess; a drunkard; a
sot.

TOPET
Top"et, n. Etym: [F. toupet tuft. See Touper.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European crested titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

TOP FERMENTATION
Top fermentation.

Defn: An alcoholic fermentation during which the yeast cells are
carried to the top of the fermening liquid. It proceeds with some
violence and requires a temperature of 14-30º C. (58-86º F.). It is
used in the production of ale, porter, etc., and of wines high in
alcohol, and in distilling.

TOPFUL
Top"ful, a.

Defn: Full to the top, ore brim; brimfull. "Topful of direst
cruelty." Shak.
[He] was so topful of himself, that he let it spill on all the
company. I. Watts.

TOPGALLANT
Top`gal"lant, a.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: Situated above the topmast and below the royal mast; designatb,
or pertaining to, the third spars in order from the deck; as, the
topgallant mast, yards, braces, and the like. See Illustration of
Ship.

2. Fig.: Highest; elevated; splendid. "The consciences of topgallant
sparks." L'Estrange. Topgallant breeze, a breeze in which the
topgallant sails may properly be carried.

TOPGALLANT
Top`gal"lant, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A topgallant mast or sail.

2. Fig.: Anything elevated or splendid. Bacon.

TOPH
Toph, n. Etym: [L. tophus, tofus, tufa, or tuft. Cf. Tufa, Tofus,
Tophus.] (Min.)

Defn: kind of sandstone.

TOPHACEOUS
To*pha"ceous, a. Etym: [L. tophaceus, tofaceus.]

Defn: Gritty; sandy; rough; stony.

TOP-HAMPER
Top"-ham`per, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The upper rigging, spars, etc., of a ship. [Written also top
hamper.]
All the ships of the fleet . . . were so encumbered with tophamper,
so overweighted in proportion to their draught of water, that they
could bear but little canvas, even with smooth seas and light and
favorable winds. Motley.

TOP-HEAVY
Top"-heav`y, a.

Defn: Having the top or upper part too heavy for the lower part. Sir
H. Wotton.

TOPHET
To"phet, n. Etym: [Heb. tophet, literally, a place to be spit upon,
an abominable place, fr. tph to spit out.]

Defn: A place lying east or southeast of Jerusalem, in the valley of
Hinnom. [Written also Topheth.]
And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of
Hinnom. 2 Kings xxiii. 10.

Note: It seems to have been at first part of the royal garden, but it
was afterwards defiled and polluted by the sacrifices of Baal and the
fires of Moloch, and resounded with the cries of burning infants. At
a later period, its altars and high places were thrown down, and all
the filth of the city poured into it, until it became the abhorrence
of Jerusalem, and, in symbol, the place where are wailing and
gnashing of teeth.
The pleasant valley of Hinnom, Tophet thence And black Gehenna
called, the type of hell. Milton.

TOPHIN
Toph"in, n. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Toph.

TOPHUS
To"phus, n.; pl. Tophi. Etym: [NL.: cf. F. tophus a mineral
concretion in the joint. See Toph.] [Written also tofus.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: One of the mineral concretions about the joints, and in other
situations, occurring chiefly in gouty persons. They consist usually
of urate of sodium; when occurring in the internal organs they are
also composed of phosphate of calcium.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Calcareous tufa.

TOPI
To"pi, n.

Defn: An antelope (Damaliscus corrigum jimela) having a glossy
purplish brown coat. It is related to the blesbok and is native of
British East Africa. Also, any of various related varieties of other
districts south of the Sahara.

TOPIARIAN
Top`i*a"ri*an, a. Etym: [See Toplary.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ornamental cutting and trimming of
trees, hedges, etc.; practicing ornamental gardening. [R.] "The
topiarian artist." Sir W. Scott.
All the pedantries of the topiarian art. C. Kingsley.

TOPIARY
Top"i*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. topiarius belonging to ornamental gardening,
fr. topia (sc. opera) ornamental gardening, fr. Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ornamental gardening; produced by cutting,
trimming, etc.; topiarian. Topiary work, arbors, shrubbery, hedges,
or the like, cut and trimmed into fanciful forms, as of animals,
building, etc.

TOPIC
Top"ic, n. Etym: [F. topiques, pl., L. topica the title of a work of
Aristotle, Gr. topika`, fr. topiko`s of or for place, concerning
to`poi, or commonplaces, fr. to`pos a place.]
(a) One of the various general forms of argument employed in probable
as distinguished from demonstrative reasoning, -- denominated by
Aristotle to`poi (literally, places), as being the places or sources
from which arguments may be derived, or to which they may be
referred; also, a prepared form of argument, applicable to a great
variety of cases, with a supply of which the ancient rhetoricians and
orators provided themselves; a commonplace of argument or oratory.
(b) pl.

Defn: A treatise on forms of argument; a system or scheme of forms or
commonplaces of argument or oratory; as, the Topics of Aristotle.
These topics, or loci, were no other than general ideas applicable to
a great many different subjects, which the orator was directed to
consult. Blair.
In this question by [reason] I do not mean a distinct topic, but a
transcendent that runs through all topics. Jer. Taylor.

2. An argument or reason. [Obs.]
Contumacious persons, who are not to be fixed by any principles, whom
no topics can work upon. Bp. Wilkins.

3. The subject of any distinct portion of a discourse, or argument,
or literary composition; also, the general or main subject of the
whole; a matter treated of; a subject, as of conversation or of
thought; a matter; a point; a head.

4. (Med.)

Defn: An external local application or remedy, as a plaster, a
blister, etc. [Obsoles.] Wiseman.

TOPIC
Top"ic, a.

Defn: Topical. Drayton. Holland.

TOPICAL
Top"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. topique, LL. topicus, Gr. Topic, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to a place; limited; logical application; as, a
topical remedy; a topical claim or privilege.

2. (Rhet. & logic)

Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, a topic or topics; according
to topics.

3. Resembling a topic, or general maxim; hence, not demonstrative,
but merely probable, as an argument.
Evidences of fact can be no more than topical and probable. Sir M.
Hale.

TOPICALLY
Top"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a topical manner; with application to, or limitation of, a
particular place or topic.

TOPKNOT
Top"knot`, n.

1. A crest or knot of feathers upon the head or top, as of a bird;
also, an orgamental knot worn on top of the head, as by women.
A great, stout servant girl, with cheeks as red as her topknot. Sir
W. Scott.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small Europen flounder (Rhoumbus punctatus). The name is also
applied to allied species.

TOPLESS
Top"less, a.

Defn: Having no top, or no visble fop; hence, fig.: very lofty;
supreme; unequaled. " The topless Apennines." "Topless fortunes."
Beau. & Fl.

TOP-LIGHT
Top"-light`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A lantern or light on the top of a vessel.

TOPMAN
Top"man, n.; pl. Topmem (.

1. See Topsman, 2.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A man stationed in the top.

TOPMAST
Top"mast, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The second mast, or that which is next above the lower mast,
and below the topgallant mast.

TOPMOST
Top"most`, a.

Defn: Highest; uppermost; as, the topmost cliff; the topmost branch
of a tree.
The nightngale may claim the topmost bough. Cowper.

TOPOGRAPHER
To*pog"ra*pher, n. Etym: [Cf. F. topographe, Cr.

Defn: One who is skilled in the science of topography; one who
describes a particular place, town, city, or tract of land.
Dante is the one authorized topographer of the mediæval hell. Milman.

TOPOGRAPHIC; TOPOGRAPHICAL
Top`o*graph"ic, a. Top`o*graph"ic*al,Etym: [Cf. F. topographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to topography; descriptive of a place.
 -- Top`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. Topographical map. See under
Cadastral.
 -- Topographical surveying. See under Surveying.

TOPOGRAPHIST
To*pog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: A topographer.

TOPOGRAPHY
To*pog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [F. topographie, Gr.

Defn: The description of a particular place, town, manor, parish, or
tract of land; especially, the exact and scientific delineation and
description in minute detail of any place or region.

Note: Topography, as the description of particular places, is
distinguished from chorography, the description of a region or a
district, and for geography, the description of the earth or of
countries. Brande & C.

TOPOLOGY
To*pol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The art of, or method for, assisting the memory by associating
the thing or subject to be remembered with some place. [R.]

TOPONOMY
To*pon"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The designation of position and direction. B. G. Wilder.

TOPONYM
Top"o*nym, n.

Defn: A name of a place; more broadly, a name, as in the binomial
name of a plant, based on, or derived from, a place name, or based on
the location of the thing named.

TOPONYMY
To*pon"y*my, n.

Defn: A system of toponyms; the use of toponyms. -- To*pon"y*mal (#),
Top`o*nym"ic (#), Top`o*nym"ic*al (#), a.

TOPOPHONE
Top"o*phone, n. [Gr.  place + Gr.  sound.]

Defn: A double ear trumpet for estimating the direction from which
sounds proceed, esp. for the use of navigators.

TOP OUT
Top out. (Building)

Defn: To top off; to finish by putting on a cap of top (uppermost)
course (called a top`ping-out" course).

TOPPER
Top"per, n.

1. One that tops, in any sense of the verb; specif.:
 (a) A cover of a top layer or part. [Colloq.]
 (b) One that excels, surpasses, or is extraordinary of its kind.
[Slang]
 (c) Any device for cutting off tops; as, a turnip topper.
 (d) One who tops steel ingots.
 (e) A three-square float (file) used by comb makers.

2.  A top hat. [Slang or Colloq.]

3.  Tobacco left in the bottom of a pipe bowl; -- so called from its
being often taken out and placed on top of the newly filled bowl.
Also, a cigar stump. [Slang]

TOPPIECE
Top"piece`, n.

Defn: A small wig for the top of the head; a toupee.

TOPPING
Top"ping, a.

1. Rising above; surpassing.

2. Hence, assuming superiority; proud.
The great and flourishing condition of some of the topping sinners of
the world. South.

3. Fine; gallant. [Slang] Johnson.

TOPPING
Top"ping, n.

1. The act of one who tops; the act of cutting off the top.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The act of raising one extremity of a spar higher than the
other.

3. pl.

Defn: That which comes from hemp in the process of hatcheling.
Topping lift (Naut.), a large, strong tackle employed to raise or top
the end of a gaff, or of a boom.

TOPPINGLY
Top"ping*ly, adv.

Defn: In a topping or proud manner.

TOPPINGLY
Top"ping*ly, a.

Defn: Same as Topping, a., 3. [Obs.] "Topping quests." Tusser.

TOPPLE
Top"ple, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toppled; p. pr. & vb. n. Toppling.]
Etym: [From Top summit.]

Defn: To fall forward; to pitch or tumble down.
Though castles topple on their warders' heads. Shak.

TOPPLE
Top"ple, v. t.

Defn: To throw down; to overturn.
He topple crags from the precipice. Longfellow.

TOP-PROUD
Top"-proud`, a.

Defn: Proud to the highest degree. [R.] "This top-proud fellow."
Shak.

TOP RAKE
Top rake. (Mech.)

Defn: The angle that the front edge of the point of a tool is set
back from the normal to the surface being cut.

TOP-ROPE
Top"-rope`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope used for hoisting and lowering a topmast, and for other
purposes.

TOPSAIL
Top"sail`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: In a square-rigged vessel, the sail next above the lowermost
sail on a mast. This sail is the one most frequently reefed or furled
in working the ship. In a fore-and-aft rigged vessel, the sail set
upon and above the gaff. See Cutter, Schooner, Sail, and Ship.
Topsail schooner. (Naut.) See Schooner, and Illustration in Appendix.

TOPS-AND-BOTTOMS
Tops"-and-bot`toms, n. pl.

Defn: Small rolls of dough, baked, cut in halves, and then browned in
an oven, -- used as food for infants.
'T is said that her top-and-bottoms were gilt. Hood.

TOP-SHAPED
Top"-shaped`, a.

Defn: Having the shape of a top; (Bot.) cone-shaped, with the apex
downward; turbinate.

TOP-SHELL
Top"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine top_shaped shells of the
genus Thochus, or family Trochidæ.

TOPSMAN
Tops"man, n.; pl. Topsmen (.

1. The chief drover of those who drive a herd of cattle. P. Cyc.

2. The uppermost sawyer in a saw pit; a topman. Simmonds.

TOPSOIL
Top"soil`, n.

Defn: The upper layer of soil; surface soil.

TOPSOILING
Top"soil`ing, n. (Engin.)

Defn: The act or art of taking off the top soil of land before an
excavation or embankment is begun.

TOPSTONE
Top"stone`, n.

Defn: A stone that is placed on the top, or which forms the top.

TOPSY-TURVY
Top"sy-*tur"vy, adv. Etym: [Earlier topside-turvey, topsy-tervy;
probably for top so turvy; that is, the top as turvy, as it were
turvy; where turvy probably means, overturned, fr. AS. torfian to
throw.]

Defn: In an inverted posture; with the top or head downward; upside
down; as, to turn a carriage topsy-turvy.

TOP-TACKLE
Top"-tac`kle, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A tackle used in hoisting and lowering the topmast.

TOP-TIMBERS
Top"-tim`bers, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The highest timbers on the side of a vessel, being those above
the futtocks. R. H. Dana, Jr.

TOP-TOOL
Top"-tool`, n. (Blacksmithing.)

Defn: A tool applied to the top of the work, in distinction from a
tool inserted in the anvil and on which the work is placed.

TOQUE
Toque, n. Etym: [F. toque; of Celtic origin; cf. W.toc.]

1. A kind of cap worn in the 16th century, and copied in modern
fashions; -- called also toquet.
His velvet toque stuck as airily as ever upon the side of his head.
Motley.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of the bonnet monkey.

TOQUET
To*quet", n.

Defn: See Toque, 1.

TOR
Tor, n. Etym: [AS. torr; cf. Gael. torr. Cf. Tower.]

1. A tower; a turret. [R.] Ray.

2. High-pointed hill; a rocky pinnacle. [Prov. Eng.]
A rolling range of dreary moors, unbroken by tor or tree. C.
Kingsley.

TORACE; TORASE
To*race", To*rase", v. t. Etym: [Pref. to- + OE. r to rage.]

Defn: To scratch to pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TORAH; TORA
To"rah, To"ra, n.; pl. Toroth (#). [Heb. torah.] (Jewish Lit.)
 (a) A law; a precept.

A considerable body of priestly Toroth.
S. R. Driver.

(b) Divine instruction; revelation.

Tora, . . . before the time of Malachi, is generally used of the
revelations of God's will made through the prophets.
T. K. Cheyne.

(c) The Pentateuch or "Law of Moses."

The Hebrew Bible is divided into three parts: (1) The Torah, "Law,"
or Pentateuch. (2) The Prophets . . . (3) The Kethubim, or the
"Writings," generally termed Hagiographa.
C. H. H. Wright.

TORAN; TORANA
To"ran, To"ra*na, n. [Skr. toransa an arch, a gate.] (Indian Arch.)

Defn: A gateway, commonly of wood, but sometimes of stone, consisting
of two upright pillars carrying one to three transverse lintels. It
is often minutely carved with symbolic sculpture, and serves as a
monumental approach to a Buddhist temple.

TORBERNITE
Tor"bern*ite, n. Etym: [So named after Torber Bergmann, a Swedish
chemist.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in emerald-green tabular crystals having a
micaceous structure. It is a hydrous phosphate of uranium and copper.
Called also copper uranite, and chalcolite.

TORC
Torc, n.

Defn: Same as Torque, 1.

TORCH
Torch, n. Etym: [OE. torche, F. torche a torch, rag, wisp, pad;
probably from a derivative of L. torquere, tortum, to twist, because
twisted like a rope; cf. F. torcher to rub, wipe, It. topcia a torch,
torciare to wrap, twist, OF. torse a torse. Cf. Torture.]

Defn: A light or luminary formed of some combustible substance, as of
resinous wood; a large candle or flambeau, or a lamp giving a large,
flaring flame.
They light the nuptial torch. Milton.
Torch thistle. (Bot.) See under Thistle.

TORCHBEARER
Torch"bear`er, n.

Defn: One whose office it is to carry a torch.

TORCHER
Torch"er, n.

Defn: One who gives light with a torch, or as if with a torch. [Obs.]
Shak.

TORCHLIGHT
Torch"light`, n.

Defn: The light of a torch, or of torches. Also adjectively; as, a
torchlight procession.

TORCHON LACE
Tor"chon lace` Etym: [F. torchon a kind of coarse napkin.]

Defn: a simple thread lace worked upon a pillow with coarse thread;
also, a similar lace made by machinery.

TORCHON PAPER
Tor"chon pa"per. [F. papier torchon.]

Defn: Paper with a rough surface; esp., handmade paper of great
hardness for the use of painters in water colors.

TORCH RACE
Torch race.

Defn: A race by men carrying torches, as in ancient Greece.

TORCHWOOD
Torch"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The inflammable wood of certain trees (Amyris balsamifera, A.
Floridana, etc.); also, the trees themselves.

TORCHWORT
Torch"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The common mullein, the stalks of which, dipped in suet,
anciently served for torches. Called also torch, and hig-taper.

TORE
Tore,

Defn: imp. of Tear.

TORE
Tore, n. Etym: [Probably from the root of tear; cf. W. tór a break,
cut, tóri to break, cut.]

Defn: The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and
spring. [Prov. Eng.] Mortimer.

TORE
Tore, n. Etym: [See Torus.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Torus.

2. (Geom.)
(a) The surface described by the circumference of a circle revolving
about a straight line in its own plane.
(b) The solid inclosed by such a surface; -- sometimes called an
anchor ring.

TOREADOR
To"re*a*dor`, n. Etym: [Sp.,fr. torear to fight bulls, fr.L. taurus a
bull.]

Defn: A bullfighter.

TO-REND
To-rend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. To-rent.] Etym: [Pref. to- + rend.]

Defn: To rend in pieces. [Obs.]
The wolf hath many a sheep and lamb to-rent. Chaucer.

TORET
Tor"et, n. Etym: [Probably dim. fr. tore, torus.]

Defn: A Turret. [Obs.]

TORET
Tor"et, n.

Defn: A ring for fastening a hawk's leash to the jesses; also, a ring
affixed to the collar of a dog, etc. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOREUMATOGRAPHY
To"reu`ma*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A description of sculpture such as bas-relief in metal.

TOREUMATOLOGY
To*reu`ma*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The art or the description of scupture such as bas-relief in
metal; toreumatography.

TOREUTIC
To*reu"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Sculp.)

Defn: In relief; pertaining to sculpture in relief, especially of
metal; also, pertaining to chasing such as surface ornamentation in
metal.

TORGOCH
Tor"goch, n.

Defn: The saibling. [Prov. Eng.]

TORILTO
To*ril"to, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. torillo a little bull.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of Turnix (Turnix sylvatica) native of Spain and
Northen Africa.

TORINESE
To`rin*ese", a. Etym: [It.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Turin.
 -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Turin; collectively, the people of
Turin.

TORMENT
Tor"ment, n. Etym: [OF. torment, F. tourment, fr. L. tormentum an
engine for hurling missiles, an instrument of torture, a rack,
torture, fr. torquere to turn, to twist, hurl. See Turture.]

1. (Mil. Antiq.)

Defn: An engine for casting stones. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

2. Extreme pain; anguish; torture; the utmost degree of misery,
either of body or mind. Chaucer.
The more I see Pleasures about me, so much more I feel Torment within
me. Milton.

3. That which gives pain, vexation, or misery.
They brought unto him all sick people that were taken with divers
diseases and torments. Matt. iv. 24.

TORMENT
Tor*ment", v. t. [imp. & p. p. tormented; p. pr. & vb. n.
tormenting.] Etym: [OF. tormenter, F. tourmenter.]

1. To put to extreme pain or anguish; to inflict excruciating misery
upon, either of body or mind; to torture. " Art thou come hither to
torment us before our time " Matt. viii. 29.

2. To pain; to distress; to afflict.
Lord, my servant lieth at home sick of the palsy, grievously
tormented. Matt. viii. 6.

3. To tease; to vex; to harass; as, to be tormented with
importunities, or with petty annoyances. [Colloq.]

4. To put into great agitation. [R.] "[They], soaring on main wing,
tormented all the air." Milton.

TORMENTER
Tor*ment"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, torments; a tormentor.

2. An executioner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TORMENTFUL
Tor*ment"ful, a.

Defn: Full of torment; causing, or accompainied by, torment;
excruciating. [R.] Tillotson.

TORMENTIL
Tor"men*til, n. Etym: [F. tormentille; cf. Pr., It., & NL.
tormentilla, Sp. tormentila; all fr. L. tormentum pain. So called
because it is said to allay pain. See Torment.] (Bot.)

Defn: A rosaceous herb (Potentilla Tormentilla), the root of which is
used as a powerful astringent, and for alleviating gripes, or
tormina, in diarrhea.

TORMENTING
Tor*ment"ing, a.

Defn: Causing torment; as, a tormenting dream.
 -- Tor*ment"ing*ly, adv.

TORMENTISE
Tor"ment*ise, n. Etym: [See Torment.]

Defn: Torture; torment. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TORMENTOR
Tor*ment"or, n.

1. One who, or that which, torments; one who inflicts penal anguish
or tortures. Jer. Taylor.
Thoughts, my tormentors, armed with deadly stings. Milton.

2. (Agric.)

Defn: An implement for reducing a stiff soil, resembling a harrow,
but running upon wheels. Hebert.

TORMENTRESS
Tor*ment"ress, n.

Defn: A woman who torments.
Fortune ordinarily cometh after to whip and punish them, as the
scourge and tormentress of glory and honor. Holland.

TORMENTRY
Tor"ment*ry, n.

Defn: Anything producing torment, annoyance, or pain. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TORMINA
Tor"mi*na, n. pl. Etym: [L., a griping in the belly.] (Med.)

Defn: acute, colicky pains; gripes.

TORMINOUS
Tor"mi*nous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Affected with tormina; griping.

TORN
Torn,

Defn: p. p. of Tear.

TORNADO
Tor*na"do, n.; pl. Tornadoes. Etym: [From Sp. or Pg. tornar to turn,
return, L. tornare to turn, hence, a whirling wind. The Sp. & Pg.
tornada is a return. See Turn.]

Defn: A violent whirling wind; specifically (Meteorol.), a tempest
distinguished by a rapid whirling and slow progressive motion,
usually accompaned with severe thunder, lightning, and torrents of
rain, and commonly of short duration and small breadth; a small
cyclone.

TORNARIA
Tor*na"ri*a, n.; pl. Tornariæ . Etym: [NL., fr. L. tornare to turn.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The peculiar free swimming larva of Balanoglossus. See Illust.
in Append.

TOROSE
To*rose", a. Etym: [L. torosus full of muscle, brawny, fleshy. See
Torus.]

Defn: Cylindrical with alternate swellings and contractions; having
the surface covered with rounded prominences.

TOROSITY
To*ros"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being torose.

TOROUS
Torous, a.

Defn: Torose.

TORPEDINOUS
Tor*ped"i*nous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a torpedo; resembling a torpedo; exerting a
benumbing influence; stupefying; dull; torpid.
Fishy were his eyes; torpedinous was his manner. De Quincey.

TORPEDO
Tor*pe"do, n.; pl. Torpedoes. Etym: [L. torpedo, -inis, from torpere
to be stiff, numb, or torpid. See Torpid.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of elasmobranch fishes belonging to
Torpedo and allied genera. They are related to the rays, but have the
power of giving electrical shocks. Called also crampfish, and
numbfish. See Electrical fish, under Electrical.

Note: The common European torpedo (T. vulgaris) and the American
species (T. occidentalis) are the best known.

2. An engine or machine for destroying ships by blowing them up.
Specifically: --
(a) A quantity of explosives anchored in a channel, beneath the
water, or set adrift in a current, and so arranged that they will be
exploded when touched by a vessel, or when an electric circuit is
closed by an operator on shore.
(b) A kind of small submarine boat carrying an explosive charge, and
projected from a ship against another ship at a distance, or made
self-propelling, and otherwise automatic in its action against a
distant ship.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A kind of shell or cartridge buried in earth, to be exploded by
electricity or by stepping on it.

4. (Railroad)

Defn: A kind of detonating cartridge or shell placed on a rail, and
exploded when crushed under the locomotive wheels, -- used as an
alarm signal.

5. An explosive cartridge or shell lowered or dropped into a bored
oil well, and there exploded, to clear the well of obstructions or to
open communication with a source of supply of oil.

6. A kind of firework in the form of a small ball, or pellet, which
explodes when thrown upon a hard object. Fish torpedo, a spindle-
shaped, or fish-shaped, self-propelling submarine torpedo.
 -- Spar torpedo, a canister or other vessel containing an explosive
charge, and attached to the end of a long spar which projects from a
ship or boat and is thrust against an enemy's ship, exploding the
torpedo.
 -- Torpedo boat, a vessel adapted for carrying, launching,
operating, or otherwise making use of, torpedoes against an enemy's
ship.
 -- Torpedo nettings, nettings made of chains or bars, which can be
suspended around a vessel and allowed to sink beneath the surface of
the water, as a protection against torpedoes.

TORPEDO
Tor*pe"do, v. t.

Defn: to destroy by, or subject to the action of, a torpedo. London
Spectator.

TORPEDO-BOAT DESTROYER
Tor*pe"do-boat` de*stroy"er.

Defn: A larger, swifter, and more powerful armed type of torpedo
boat, originally intended principally for the destruction of torpedo
boats, but later used also as a more formidable torpedo boat.

TORPEDO BODY
Tor*pe"do body.

Defn: An automobile body which is built so that the side surfaces are
flush. [Cant]

TORPEDO BOOM
Tor*pe"do boom.

Defn: A spar formerly carried by men-of-war, having a torpedo on its
end.

TORPEDO CATCHER
Tor*pe"do catch"er.

Defn: A small fast vessel for pursuing and destroying torpedo boats.

TORPEDOIST
Tor*pe"do*ist, n. (Nav.)

Defn: One skilled in the theory or use of torpedoes; also, one who
favors the use of torpedoes.

TORPEDO SHELL
Torpedo shell. (Ordnance)

Defn: A shell longer than a deck-piercing shell, with thinner walls
and a larger cavity for the bursting charge, which consists of about
130 pounds of high explosive. It has no soft cap, and is intended to
effect its damage by the powerful explosion which follows on slight
resistance. It is used chiefly in 12-inch mortars.

TORPEDO STATION
Torpedo station.

Defn: A headquarters for torpedo vessels and their supplies, usually
having facilities for repairs and for instruction and experiments.
The principal torpedo station of the United States is at Newport,
R.I.

TORPEDO STERN
Torpedo stern.

Defn: A broad stern without overhang, flattened on the bottom, used
in some torpedo and fast power boats. It prevents settling in the
water at high speed.

TORPEDO TUBE
Torpedo tube. (Nav.)

Defn: A tube fixed below or near the water line through which a
torpedo is fired, usually by a small charge of gunpowder. On torpedo
vessels the tubes are on deck and usually in broadside, on larger
vessels usually submerged in broadside and fitted with a movable
shield which is pushed out from the vessel's side to protect the
torpedo until clear, but formerly sometimes in the bow. In submarine
torpedo boats they are in the bow.

TORPENT
Tor"pent, a. Etym: [L. torpens, p. pr. of torpere to be numb.]

Defn: Having no motion or activity; incapable of motion; benumbed;
torpid. [Obs.] Evelyn.

TORPESCENCE
Tor*pes"cence, n.

Defn: The quality or state or being torpescent; torpidness; numbness;
stupidity.

TORPESCENT
Tor*pes"cent, a. Etym: [L. torpescens, p. pr. of torpescere to grow
stiff, numb, or torpid, incho. fr. torpere. See Torpid.]

Defn: Becoming torpid or numb. Shenstone.

TORPID
Tor"pid, a. Etym: [L. torpidus, fr. torpere to be stiff, numb, or
torpid; of uncertain origin.]

1. Having lost motion, or the power of exertion and feeling; numb;
benumbed; as, a torpid limb.
Without heat all things would be torpid. Ray.

2. Dull; stupid; sluggish; inactive. Sir M. Hale.

TORPIDITY
Tor*pid"i*ty, n.

Defn: Same as Torpidness.

TORPIDLY
Tor"pid*ly, adv.

Defn: In a torpid manner.

TORPIDNESS
Tor"pid*ness, n.

Defn: The qualityy or state of being torpid.

TORPIFY
Tor"pi*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Torpified; p. pr. & vb. n. Torpifying.
(.] Etym: [L. torpere to be torpid + -fy.]

Defn: To make torpid; to numb, or benumb.

TORPITUDE
Tor"pi*tude, n.

Defn: Torpidness. [Obs.] "In a kind of torpitude, or sleeping state."
Derham.

TORPOR
Tor"por, n. Etym: [L., from torpere, to be torpid.]

1. Loss of motion, or of the motion; a state of inactivity with
partial or total insensibility; numbness.

2. Dullness; sluggishness; inactivity; as, a torpor of the mental
faculties.

TORPORIFIC
Tor`por*if"ic, a. Etym: [L. torpor torpor + facere to make.]

Defn: Tending to produce torpor.

TORQUATE
Tor"quate, a. Etym: [L. torquatus wearing a collar.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Collared; having a torques, or distinct colored ring around the
neck.

TORQUATED
tor"qua*ted, a. Etym: [L. Torqyatus.]

Defn: Having or wearing a torque, or neck chain.

TORQUE
Torque, n. Etym: [L. torques a twisted neck chain, fr. torquere to
twist.]

1. A collar or neck chain, usually twisted, especially as worn by
ancient barbaric nations, as the Gauls, Germans, and Britons.

2. Etym: [L. torquere to twist.] (Mech.)

Defn: That which tends to produce torsion; a couple of forces. J.
Thomson.

3. (Phys. Science)

Defn: A turning or twisting; tendency to turn, or cause to turn,
about an axis.

TORQUED
Torqued, a. Etym: [L. torquere to twist, to turn, to wind.]

1. Wreathed; twisted. [R.]

2. (Her.)

Defn: Twisted; bent; -- said of a dolphin haurient, which forms a
figure like the letter S.

TORQUES
Tor"ques, n. Etym: [L., a necklace. See Torque, 1.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cervical ring of hair or feathers, distinguished by its color
or structure; a collar.

TORREFACTION
Tor`re*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L.torrefacere,torrefactum, to torrefy: cf.
F. torréfaction. See Torrefy.]

Defn: The act or process of torrefying, or the state of being
torrefied. Bp. Hall.

TORREFY
Tor"re*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Torrefied; p. pr. & vb. n.
Torrefying.] Etym: [L. torrere to parch + -fy: cf. F. torréfier, L.
torrefacere.] [Written also torrify.]

1. To dry by a fire. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Metal.)

Defn: To subject to scorching heat, so as to drive off volatile
ingredients; to roast, as ores.

3. (Pharm.)

Defn: To dry or parch, as drugs, on a metallic plate till they are
friable, or are reduced to the state desired.

TORRENS SYSTEM
Tor"rens sys`tem.

Defn: A system of registration of titles to land (as distinct from
registration of deeds) introduced into South Australia by the Real
Property (or Torrens) Act (act 15 of 1857-58), drafted by Sir Robert
Torrens (1814-84). Its essential feature is the guaranty by the
government of properly registered titles. The system has been
generally adopted in Australia and British Columbia, and in its
original or a modified form in some other countries, including some
States of the United States. Hence Torrens title, etc.

TORRENT
Tor"rent, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. torrens, -entis, fr. torrens burning,
roaring, boiling, p. pr. of torrere to dry by heat, to burn. See
Torrid.]

1. A violent stream, as of water, lava, or the like; a stream
suddenly raised and running rapidly, as down a precipice.
The roaring torrent is deep and wide. Longfellow.

2. Fig.: A violent or rapid flow; a strong current; a flood; as, a
torrent of vices; a torrent of eloquence.
At length, Erasmus, that great injured name, . . . Stemmed the wild
torrent of a barbarous age. Pope.

TORRENT
Tor"rent, a. Etym: [See Torrent, n.]

Defn: Rolling or rushing in a rapid stream. "Waves of torrent fire."
Milton.

TORRENTIAL; TORRENTINE
Tor*ren"tial, Tor*ren"tine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a torrent; having the character of a
torrent; caused by a torrent . [R.]

TORRICELLIAN
Tor`ri*cel"li*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Torricelli, an Italian philosopher and
mathematician, who, in 1643, discovered that the rise of a liquid in
a tube, as in the barometer, is due to atmospheric pressure. See
Barometer. Torricellian tube, a glass tube thirty or more inches in
length, open at the lower end and hermetically sealed at the upper,
such as is used in the barometer.
 -- Torricellian vacuum (Physics), a vacuum produced by filling with
a fluid, as mercury, a tube hermetically closed at one end, and,
after immersing the other end in a vessel of the same fluid, allowing
the inclosed fluid to descend till it is counterbalanced by the
pressure of the atmosphere, as in the barometer. Hutton.

TORRID
Tor"rid, a. Etym: [L. torridus, fr. torrere to parch, to burn, akin
to E. Thist: cf. F. torride. See Thirst.]

1. Parched; dried with heat; as, a torrid plain or desert. "Barca or
Cyrene's torrid soil." Milton.

2. Violenty hot; drying or scorching with heat; burning; parching.
"Torrid heat." Milton. Torrid zone (Geog.), that space or board belt
of the earth, included between the tropics, over which the sun is
vertical at some period of every year, and the heat is always great.

TORRIDITY
Tor*rid"i*ty, n.

Defn: Torridness. [R.]

TORRIDNESS
Tor"rid*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being torrid or parched.

TORRIL
Tor"ril, n.

Defn: A worthless woman; also, a worthless horse. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

TORROCK
Tor"rock, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gull. [Prov. Eng.]

TORSADE
Tor*sade", n. [F.]

Defn: A twisted cord; also, a molded or worked ornament of similar
form.

The crown decked with torsades of pearls.
Harper's Mag.

TORSAL
Tor"sal, n. (Carp.)

Defn: A torsel. Knight.

TORSE
Torse, n. Etym: [OF., fr. OF. & F. tors, torse, twisted, wreathed, p.
p. of tordre to twist, L. torquere. See Torture.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: A wreath.

2. Etym: [F. tors, torse, twisted.] (Geom.)

Defn: A developable surface. See under Developable.

TORSEL
Tor"sel, n. (Carp.)

Defn: A plate of timber for the end of a beam or joist to rest on.
Gwilt

TORSIBILLTY
Tor`si*bil"l*ty, n.

Defn: The tendency, as of a rope, to untwist after being twisted.

TORSION
Tor"sion, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. torsio, fr. L. torquere, tortum, to
twist. See Torture.]

1. The act of turning or twisting, or the state of being twisted; the
twisting or wrenching of a body by the exertion of a lateral force
tending to turn one end or part of it about a longitudinal axis,
while the other is held fast or turned in the opposite direction.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: That force with which a thread, wire, or rod of any material,
returns, or tends to return, to a state of rest after it has been
twisted; torsibility. Angle of torsion (of a curve) (Geom.), the
indefinitely small angle between two consecutive osculating planes of
a curve of double curvature.
 -- Moment of torsion (Mech.) the moment of a pair of equal and
opposite couples which tend to twist a body.
 -- Torsion balance (Physics.), an instrument for estimating very
minute forces, as electric or magnetic attractions and repulsions, by
the torsion of a very slender wire or fiber having at its lower
extremity a horizontal bar or needle, upon which the forces act.
 -- Torsion scale, a scale for weighing in which the fulcra of the
levers or beams are strained wires or strips acting by torsion.

TORSIONAL
Tor"sion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to torsion; resulting from torsion, or the
force with which a thread or wire returns to a state of rest after
having been twisted round its axis; as, torsional force.

TORSION ELECTROMETER
Tor"sion e*lec*trom"e*ter. (Elec.)

Defn: A torsion balance used for measuring electric attraction or
repulsion.

TORSION GALVANOMETER
Torsion galvanometer. (Elec.)

Defn: A galvanometer in which current is measured by torsion.

TORSION HEAD
Torsion head.

Defn: That part of a torsion balance from which the wire or filament
is suspended.

TORSION INDICATOR
Torsion indicator.

Defn: An autographic torsion meter.

TORSION METER
Torsion meter. (Mech.)

Defn: An instrument for determining the torque on a shaft, and hence
the horse power of an engine, esp. of a marine engine of high power,
by measuring the amount of twist of a given length of the shaft.
Called also torsimeter, torsiometer, torsometer.

TORSK
Torsk, n. Etym: [Dan.; akin to Icel. þorskr a codfish, G. dorsch.]
(Zoöl.)
(a) The cusk. See Cusk.
(b) The codfish. Called also tusk.

TORSO
Tor"so, n.; pl. E. Torsos, It. Torsi. Etym: [It. torso, probably fr.
L. thyrsus a stalk, stem, thyrsus, Gr. torso, turso, a stalk, stem,
G. dorsche a cabbage stalk. Cf. Thyrsus, Truss.]

Defn: The human body, as distinguished from the head and limbs; in
sculpture, the trunk of a statue, mutilated of head and limbs; as,
the torso of Hercules.

TORT
Tort, n. Etym: [F., from LL. tortum, fr. L. tortus twisted, crooked,
p. p. of torqure to twist, bend. See Torture.]

1. Mischief; injury; calamity. [Obs.]
That had them long opprest with tort. Spenser.

2. (Law)

Defn: Any civil wrong or injury; a wrongful act (not involving a
breach of contract) for which an action will lie; a form of action,
in some parts of the United States, for a wrong or injury. Executor
de son tort. See under Executor.
 -- Tort feasor (Law), a wrongdoer; a trespasser. Wharton.

TORT
Tort, a.

Defn: Stretched tight; taut. [R.]
Yet holds he them with tortestrein. Emerson.

TORTA
Tor"ta, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. torta a cake.] (Metal.)

Defn: a flat heap of moist, crushed silver ore, prepared for the
patio process.

TORTEAU
Tor"teau, n.; pl. Torteaus Etym: [Of. torteau, tortel, from L.tortus
twisted. See Tort.] (Her.)

Defn: A roundel of a red color.

TORTICOLLIS
Tor`ti*col"lis, n. Etym: [F. toricolis; L. torquere, tortum, to twist
+ collum the neck.] (Med.)

Defn: See Wryneck.

TORTILE
Tor"tile, a. Etym: [L. tortilis, fr. torquere, tortum, to twist: cf.
F. tortile.]

Defn: Twisted; wreathed; coiled.

TORTILITY
Tor*til"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tortile, twisted, or wreathed.

TORTILLA
Tor*til"la, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: An unleavened cake, as of maize flour, baked on a heated iron
or stone.

TORTION
Tor"tion, n. Etym: [LL. tortio. See Torsion.]

Defn: Torment; pain. [Obs.] Bacon.

TORTIOUS
Tor"tious, a. Etym: [From Tort.]

1. Injurious; wrongful. [Obs.] "Tortious power." Spenser.

2. (Law)

Defn: Imploying tort, or privat injury for which the law gives
damages; involing tort.

TORTIOUSLY
Tor"tious*ly, adv. (Law)

Defn: In a tortous manner.

TORTIVE
Tor"tive, a. Etym: [L. tortus, p.p. of torquere to twist, wind.]

Defn: Twisted; wreathed. Shak.

TORTOISE
Tor"toise, n. Etym: [OE. tortuce, fr. OF. tortis crooked, fr. L.
tortus isted, crooked, contorted, p.p. of torquere, tortum, to wind;
cf. F. tortue tortoise, LL. tortuca, tartuca, Pr. tortesa
crookedness, tortis crooked. so called in allusion to its crooked
feet. See Torture.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of reptiles of the order
Testudinata.

Note: The term is applied especially to the land and fresh-water
species, while the marine species are generally called turtles, but
the terms tortoise and turtle are used synonymously by many writers.
see Testudinata, Terrapin, and Turtle.

2. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: Same as Testudo, 2. Box tortoise, Land tortoise, etc. See under
Box, Land, etc.
 -- Painted tortoise. (Zoöl.) See Painted turtle, under Painted.
 -- Soft-shell tortoise. (Zoöl.) See Trionyx.
 -- Spotted tortoise. (Zoöl.) A small American fresh-water tortoise
(Chelopus, or Nanemys, quttatus) having a blackish carapace on which
are scattered round yellow spots.
 -- Tortoise beetle (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small
tortoise-shaped beetles. Many of them have a brilliant metallic
luster. the larvæ feed upon the leaves of various plants, and protect
themselves beneath a mass of dried excrement held over the back by
means of the caudal spines. The golden tortoise beetle (Cassida
aurichalcea) is found on the morning-glory vine and allied plants.
 -- Tortoise plant. (Bot.) See Elephant's foot, under Elephant.
 -- Tortoise shell, the substance of the shell or horny plates of
several species of sea turtles, especially of the hawkbill turtle. It
is used in inlaying and in the manufacture of various ornamental
articles.
 -- Tortoise-shell butterfly (Zoöl.), any one of several species of
handsomely colored butterflies of the genus Aglais, as A. Milberti,
and A. urticæ, both of which, in the larva state, feed upon nettles.
 -- Tortoise-shell turtle (Zoöl.), the hawkbill turtle. See Hawkbill.

Defn: having a color like that aof a toroise's shell, black with
white and orange spots; -- used mostly to describe cats of that
color. n.

Defn: a tortoise-shell cat.

TORTRICID
Tor"tri*cid, a. Etym: [See Tortrix.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Tortix, or the family Tortricidæ.

TORTRIX
Tor"trix, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. torquere, tortum, to twist.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small moths of the family
Tortricidæ, the larvæ of which usually roll up the leaves of plants
on which they live; -- also called leaf roller.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of tropical short-tailed snakes, which are not
venomous. One species (Tortrix scytalæ) is handsomely banded with
black, and is sometimes worn alive by the natives of Brazil for a
necklace.

TORTULOUS
Tor"tu*lous, a. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Swelled out at intervals like a knotted cord.

TORTUOSE
Tor"tu*ose`, a. Etym: [See Tortuous.]

Defn: Wreathed; twisted; winding. Loudon

TORTUOSLTY
Tor`tu*os"l*ty, n. Etym: [L.tortuositas: cf. F.tortuosite.]

Defn: the quality or state of being tortuous.

TORTUOUS
Tor"tu*ous, a. Etym: [OE. tortuos, L.tortuosus, fr.tortus a twisting,
winding, fr. torquere, tortum, to twist: cf. F. tortueux. See
Torture.]

1. Bent in different directions; wreathed; twisted; winding; as, a
tortuous train; a tortuous train; a tortuous leaf or corolla.
The badger made his dark and tortuous hole on the side of every hill
where the copsewood grew thick. Macaulay.

2. Fig.: Deviating from rectitude; indirect; erroneous; deceitful.
That course became somewhat lesstortuous, when the battle of the
Boyne had cowed the spirit of the Jakobites. Macaulay.

3. Injurious: tortious. [Obs.]

4. (Astrol.)

Defn: Oblique; -- applied to the six signs of the zodiac (from
Capricorn to Gemini) which ascend most rapidly and obliquely. [Obs.]
Skeat.
Infortunate ascendent tortuous. Chaucer.
--Tor"tu*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Tor"tu*ous*ness, n.

TORTURABLE
Tor"tur*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being tortured.

TORTURE
Tor"ture, n. Etym: [F.,fr.L. tortura, fr. torquere, tortum, to twist,
rack, torture; probably akin to Gr. tre`pein to turn, G. drechsein to
turn on a lathe, and perhaps to E. queer. Cf. Contort, Distort,
Extort, Retort, Tart, n., Torch, Torment, Tortion, Tort, Trope.]

1. Extreme pain; anguish of body or mind; pang; agony; torment; as,
torture of mind. Shak.
Ghastly spasm or racking torture. Milton.

2. Especially, severe pain inflicted judicially, either as punishment
for a crime, or for the purpose of extorting a confession from an
accused person, as by water or fire, by the boot or thumbkin, or by
the rack or wheel.

3. The act or process of torturing.
Torture, whitch had always been deciared illegal, and which had
recently been declared illegal even by the servile judges of that
age, was inflicted for the last time in England in the month of May,
1640. Macaulay.

TORTURE
Tor"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tortured (; p. pr. & vb. n. Torturing.]
Etym: [Cf. F. Torturer. ]

1. To put to torture; to pain extremely; to harass; to vex.

2. To punish with torture; to put to the rack; as, to torture an
accused person. Shak.

3. To wrest from the proper meaning; to distort. Jar. Taylor.

4. To keep on the stretch, as a bow. [Obs.]
The bow tortureth the string. Bacon.

TORTURER
Tor"tur*er, n.

Defn: One who tortures; a tormentor.

TORTURINGLY
Tor"tur*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to torture. Beau. & Fl.

TORTUROUS
Tor"tur*ous, a.

Defn: Involving, or pertaining to, torture. [R.] "The torturous
crucifixion." I. Disraeli.

TORULA
Tor"u*la, n.; pl. Torulæ ( Etym: [NL., dim. of L. torus a
semicircular molding.] (Biol.)
(a) A chain of special bacteria. (b) A genus of budding fungi. Same
as Saccharomyces. Also used adjectively.

TORULAFORM
Tor"u*la*form`, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Having the appearance of a torula; in the form of a little
chain; as, a torulaform string of micrococci.

TORULOSE
Tor"u*lose, a. Etym: [L. torulus, dim. of torus: cf. F. toruleux. See
Torus] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Torose.

TORULOUS
Tor"u*lous, a.

Defn: Same as Torose.

TORUS
To"rus, n.; pl. Tori. Etym: [L., a round, swelling, or bulging place,
an elevation. Cf. 3d Tore.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A lage molding used in the bases of columns. Its profile is
semicircular. See Illust. of Molding. Brande&C.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the ventral parapodia of tubicolous annelids. It usually
has the form of an oblong thickening or elevation of the integument
with rows of uncini or hooks along the center. See Illust. under
Tubicolæ.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The receptacle, or part of the flower on which the carpels
stand.

4. (Geom.)

Defn: See 3d Tore, 2.

TORVED
Torved, a.

Defn: Stern; grim. See Torvous. [Obs.]
But yesterday his breath Awed Rome, and his least torved frown was
death. J. Webster (1654).

TORVITY
Tor"vi*ty, a. Etym: [L. torvitas. See Torvous.]

Defn: Sourness or severity of countenance; sterness. [Obs.]

TORVOUS
Tor"vous, a. Etym: [L. torvus. ]

Defn: Sour of aspect; of a severe countenance; stern; grim. [Obs.]
That torvous, sour look produced by anger. Derham.

TORY
To"ry, n.; pl. Tories. Etym: [ Properly used of the Irish bogtrotters
who robbed and plundered during the English civil wars, professing to
be in sympathy with the royal cause; hence transferred to those who
sought to maintain the extreme prerogatives of the crown; probably
from Ir. toiridhe, tor, a pursuer; akin to Ir. & Gael. toir a
pursuit.]

1. (Eng.Politics)

Defn: A member of the conservative party, as opposed to the
progressive party which was formerly called the Whig, and is now
called the Liberal, party; an earnest supporter of exsisting royal
and ecclesiastical authority.

Note: The word Tory first occurs in English history in 1679, during
the struggle in Parliament occasioned by the introduction of the bill
for the exclusion of the duke of York from the line of succession,
and was applied by the advocates of the bill to its opponents as a
title of obloquy or contempt. The Tories subsequently took a broader
ground, and their leading principle became the maintenance of things
as they were. The name, however, has for several years ceased to
designate an existing party, but is rather applied to certain
traditional maxims of public policy. The political successors of the
Tories are now commonly known as Conservatives. New Am. Cyc.

2. (Amer. Hist.)

Defn: One who, in the time of the Revolution, favored submitting
tothe claims of Great Britain against the colonies; an adherent tothe
crown.

TORY
To"ry, a.

Defn: Of ro pertaining to the Tories.

TORYISM
To"ry*ism, n.

Defn: The principles of the Tories.

TOSCATTER
To*scat"ter, v. t. Etym: [Pref.to- + scatter.]

Defn: To scatter in pieces; to divide. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOSE
Tose, v. t. Etym: [ See Touse ]

Defn: To tease, or comb, as wool. [Obs.or Prov. Eng.]

TOSH
Tosh, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. tonce shorn, clipped, and E. tonsure.]

Defn: Neat; trim. [Scot.] Jomieson.

TOSHRED
To*shred", v. t. Etym: [Pref. to- + shred. ]

Defn: To cut into shreads or pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOSS
Toss

Defn: , v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tossed (; (less properly Tost ); p. pr. &
vb. n. Tossing.] Etym: [ W. tosiaw, tosio, to jerk, toss, snatch,
tosa quick jerk, a toss, a snatch. ]

1. To throw with the hand; especially, to throw with the palm of the
hand upward, or to throw upward; as, to toss a ball.

2. To lift or throw up with a sudden or violent motion; as, to toss
the head.
He tossed his arm aloft, and proudly told me, He would not stay.
Addison.

3. To cause to rise and fall; as, a ship tossed on the waves in a
storm.
We being exceedingly tossed with a tempeat. Act xxvii. 18.

4. To agitate; to make restless.
Calm region once, And full of peace, now tossed and turbulent.
Milton.

5. Hence, to try; to harass.
Whom devils fly, thus is he tossed of men. Herbert.

6. To keep in play; to tumble over; as, to spend four years in
tossing the rules of grammar. [Obs.] Ascham. To toss off, to drink
hastily.
 -- To toss the cars.See under Oar, n.

TOSS
Toss, v. i.

1. To roll and tumble; to be in violent commotion; to write; to
fling.
To toss and fling, and to be restless, only frets and enreges our
pain. Tillotson.

2. To be tossed, as a fleet on the ocean. Shak. To toss for, to throw
dice or a coin to determine the possession of; to gamble for.
 -- To toss up, to throw a coin into the air, and wager on which side
it will fall, or determine a question by its fall. Bramsion.

TOSS
Toss, n.

1. A throwing upward, or with a jerk; the act of tossing; as, the
toss of a ball.

2. A throwing up of the head; a particular manner of raising the head
with a jerk. Swift.

TOSSEL
Tos"sel, n.

Defn: See Tassel.

TOSSER
Toss"er, n.

Defn: Ohe who tosser. J. Fletcher.

TOSSILY
Toss"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tossy manner. [R.]

TOSSING
Toss"ing, n.

1. The act of throwing upward; a rising and falling suddenly; a
rolling and tumbling.

2. (Mining)
(a) A process which consists in washing ores by violent agitation in
water, in order to separate the lighter or earhy particles; -- called
also tozing, and treloobing, in Cornwall. Pryce.
(b) A process for refining tin by dropping it through the air while
melted.

TOSSPOT
Toss"pot`, n.

Defn: A toper; one habitually given to strong drink; a drunkard.
Shak.

TOSSY
Toss"y, a.

Defn: Tossing the head, as in scorn or pride; hence, proud;
contemptuous; scornful; affectedly indifferent; as, a tossy
commonplace. [R.] C. Kingsley.

TOST
Tost,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Toss.

TOSTO
Tos"to, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Quick; rapid. Pui tosto ( Etym: [It.] (Mus.), faster; more
rapid.

TOSWINK
To*swink", v. i. Etym: [Pref. to- + swink.]

Defn: To labor excessively. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOT
Tot, n. Etym: [Cf. Toddle, Tottle, Totter.]

1. Anything small; -- frequently applied as a term of endearment to a
little child.

2. A drinking cup of small size, holding about half a pint.
[Prov.Eng.] Halliwell.

3. A foolish fellow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

TOTA
To"ta, n. Etym: [From the native name in Egypt.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The grivet.

TOTAL
To"tal, a. Etym: [F., fr. LL. totalis, fr. L. tolus all,whole. Cf.
Factotum, Surtout, Teetotum.]

Defn: Whole; not divided; entire; full; complete; absolute; as, a
total departure from the evidence; a total loss. " Total darkness."
"To undergo myself the total crime." Milton. Total abstinence. See
Abstinence, n., 1.
 -- Total depravity. (Theol.) See Original sin, under Original.

Syn: Whole; entire; complete. See Whole.

TOTAL
To"tal, n.

Defn: The whole; the whole sum or amount; as, these sums added make
the grand total of five millions.

TOTALIS
To"tal*is, n. [See Total, a.]

Defn: The total.

I look on nothing but totalis.
B. Jonson.

TOTALISATOR
To"tal*i*sa`tor, n.

Defn: Same as Totalizator.

TOTALITY
To*tal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. totalite, LL. totalitas.]

1. The quality or state of being total; as, the totality of an
eclipse.

2. The whole sum; the whole quantity or amount; the entirety; as, the
totalityof human knowledge. Buckle.
The totality of a sentence or passage. Coleridge.

TOTALIZATION
To`tal*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: Act of totalizing, or state of being totalized.

TOTALIZATOR
To"tal*i*za`tor, n. [From Totalize: cf. F. totalisateur.]

Defn: A machine for registering and indicating the number and nature
of bets made on horse races, as in Australia and South Africa. Called
also totalizer.

TOTALIZE
To"tal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make total, or complete;to reduce to completeness.
Coleridge.

TOTALIZER
To"tal*i`zer, n.

Defn: Same as Totalizator.

TOTALLY
To"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a total manner; wholly; entirely.

TOTALNESS
To"tal*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being total; entireness; totality.

TOTARA
To"ta*ra, n. [Maori.]

Defn: A coniferous tree (Podocarpus totara), next to the kauri the
most valuable timber tree of New Zeland. Its hard reddish wood is
used for furniture and building, esp. in wharves, bridges, etc. Also
mahogany pine.

TOTE
Tote, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toted; p. pr. & vb. n. Toting.] Etym: [Said
to be of African origin.]

Defn: To carry or bear; as, to tote a child over a stream; -- a
colloquial word of the Southern States, and used esp. by negroes.

TOTE
Tote, n. Etym: [L. totum, fr.totus all, whole.]

Defn: The entire body, or all; as, the whole tote. [Colloq.]

TOTEAR
To*tear", v. t. Etym: [Pref. to- + tear. ]

Defn: To tear or rend in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOTEM
To"tem, n. Etym: [Massachusetts Indian wutohtimoin that to which a
person or place belongs.]

Defn: A rude picture, as of a bird, beast, or the like, used by the
Nord American Indians as a symbolic designation, as of a family or a
clan.
And they painted on the grave posts Of the graves, yet unforgotten,
Each his own ancestral totem Each the symbol of his household;
Figures of the bear and reindeer, Of the turtle, crane, and beaver.
Longfellow.
The totem,the clan deity, the beast or bird who in some supernatural
way attends tothe clan and watches over it. Bagehot.

TOTEMIC
To*tem"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a totem, or totemism.

TOTEMISM
To"tem*ism, n.

1. The system of distinguishing families, clans, etc., in a tribe by
the totem.

2. Superstitious regard for a totem; the worship of any real or
imaginary object; nature worship. Tylor.

TOTEMIST
To"tem*ist, n.

Defn: One belonging to a clan or tribe having a totem.
 -- To`tem*is"tic, a.

TOTEM POLE; TOTEM POST
To"tem pole or post.

Defn: A pole or pillar, carved and  painted with a series of totemic
symbols, set up  before the house of certain Indian tribes of the
northwest coast of North America, esp. Indians of the Koluschan
stock.

TOTER
Tot"er, n. Etym: [See Tote to carry.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The stone roller. See Stone roller (a), under Stone.

T'OTHER
T'oth"er.

Defn: A colloquial contraction of the other, and formerly a
contraction for that other. See the Note under That, 2.
The tothir that was crucifield with him. Wyclif(John xix. 32)

TOTIPALMATE
To`ti*pal"mate, a. Etym: [L. totus all, whole + E.palmate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having all four toes united by a web;-said of certain sea
birds, as the pelican and the gannet. See Illust. under Aves.

TOTIPALMI
To`ti*pal"mi, n.pl. Etym: [NL.,from L. totus all, whole + palmus
palm.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of swimming birds including those that have
totipalmate feet.

TOTIPRESENCE
To`ti*pres"ence, n. Etym: [L. totus all, whole + E.presence.]

Defn: Omnipresence. [Obs.] A. Tucker.

TOTIPRESENT
To`ti*pres"ent, a. Etym: [L. totus all, whole + E. present.]

Defn: Omnipresence. [Obs.] A. Tucker.

TOTTER
Tot"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tottered; p. pr. & vb. n. Tottering.]
Etym: [Probably for older tolter; cf. AS. tealtrian to totter,
vacillate. Cf.Tilt to incline, Toddle, Tottle, Totty.]

1. To shake so as to threaten a fall; to vacillate; to be unsteady;
to stagger; as,an old man totters with age. "As a bowing wall shall
ye be, and as a tottering fence." Ps. lxii. 3.

2. To shake; to reel; to lean; to waver.
Troy nods from high, and totters to her fall. Dryden.

TOTTERER
Tot"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who totters.

TOTTERINGLY
Tot"ter*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tottering manner.

TOTTERY
Tot"ter*y, a.

Defn: Trembling or vaccilating, as if about to fall; unsteady;
shaking. Johnson.

TOTTLE
Tot"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tottled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tottling.]
Etym: [See Toddle, Totter.]

Defn: To walk in a wavering, unsteady manner; to toddle; to topple.
[Colloq.]

TOTTLISH
Tot"tlish, a.

Defn: Trembling or tottering, as if about to fall; un steady.
[Colloq. U.S.]

TOTTY
Tot"ty, a. Etym: [OE. toti. Cf. Totter.]

Defn: Unsteady; dizzy; tottery. [Obs.or Prov. Eng.] Sir W. Scott.
For yet his noule [head] was totty of the must. Spenser.

TOTY
Tot"y, a.

Defn: Totty. [Obs.]
My head is totty of my swink to-night. Chaucer.

TOTY
To"ty, n.

Defn: A sailor or fisherman;-so called in some parts of the Pacific.

TOUCAN
Tou"can, n. Etym: [F., fr. Pg. tucano; from Brazilian name. ]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of fruit-eating birds of tropical
America belonging to Ramphastos, Pteroglossus, and allied genera of
the family Ramphastidæ. They have a very large, but light and thin,
beak, often nearly as long as the body itself. Most of the species
are brilliantly colored with red, yellow, white, and black in
striking contrast.

2. (Astronom.)

Defn: A modern constellation of the southern hemisphere.

TOUCANET
Tou"can*et, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small toucan.

TOUCH
Touch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Touched; p. pr. & vb. n. Touching.] Etym:
[F. toucher, OF. touchier, tuchier; of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG.
zucchen, zukken, to twitch, pluck, draw, G. zukken, zukken, v.
intens. fr. OHG. ziohan to draw, G. ziehen, akin to E. tug. See Tuck,
v. t., Tug, and cf. Tocsin, Toccata.]

1. To come in contact with; to hit or strike lightly against; to
extend the hand, foot, or the like, so as to reach or rest on.
Him thus intent Ithuriel with his spear Touched lightly. Milton.

2. To perceive by the sense of feeling.
Nothing but body can be touched or touch. Greech.

3. To come to; to reach; to attain to.
The god, vindictive, doomed them never more-Ah, men unblessed! -- to
touch their natal shore. Pope.

4. To try; to prove, as with a touchstone. [Obs.]
Wherein I mean to touch your love indeed. Shak.

5. To relate to; to concern; to affect.
The quarrel toucheth none but us alone. Shak.

6. To handle, speak of, or deal with; to treat of.
Storial thing that toucheth gentilesse. Chaucer.

7. To meddle or interfere with; as, I have not touched the books.
Pope.

8. To affect the senses or the sensibility of; to move; to melt; to
soften.
What of sweet before Hath touched my sense, flat seems to this and
harsh. Milton.
The tender sire was touched with what he said. Addison.

9. To mark or delineate with touches; to add a slight stroke to with
the pencil or brush.
The lines, though touched but faintly, are drawn right. Pope.

10. To infect; to affect slightly. Bacon.

11. To make an impression on; to have effect upon.
Its face . . . so hard that a file will not touch it. Moxon.

12. To strike; to manipulate; to play on; as, to touch an instrument
of music.
[They] touched their golden harps. Milton.

13. To perform, as a tune; to play.
A person is the royal retinue touched a light and lively air on the
flageolet. Sir W. Scott.

14. To influence by impulse; to impel forcibly. " No decree of mine,
. . . [to] touch with lightest moment of impulse his free will,"
Milton.

15. To harm, afflict, or distress.
Let us make a covenant with thee, that thou wilt do us no hurt, as we
have not touched thee. Gen. xxvi. 28, 29.

16. To affect with insanity, especially in a slight degree; to make
partially insane; -- rarely used except in the past participle.
She feared his head was a little touched. Ld. Lytton.

17. (Geom.)

Defn: To be tangent to. See Tangent, a.

18. To lay a hand upon for curing disease. To touch a sail (Naut.),
to bring it so close to the wind that its weather leech shakes.
 -- To touch the wind (Naut.), to keep the ship as near the wind as
possible.
 -- To touch up, to repair; to improve by touches or emendation.

TOUCH
Touch, v. i.

1. To be in contact; to be in a state of junction, so that no space
is between; as, two spheres touch only at points. Johnson.

2. To fasten; to take effect; to make impression. [R.]
Strong waters pierce metals, and will touch upon gold, that will not
touch upon silver. Bacon.

3. To treat anything in discourse, especially in a slight or casual
manner; -- often with on or upon.
If the antiquaries have touched upon it, they immediately quitted it.
Addison.

4. (Naut)

Defn: To be brought, as a sail, so close to the wind that its weather
leech shakes. To touch and go (Naut.), to touch bottom lightly and
without damage, as a vessel in motion.
 -- To touch at, to come or go to, without tarrying; as, the ship
touched at Lisbon.
 -- To touch on or upon, to come or go to for a short time. [R.]
I made a little voyage round the lake, and touched on the several
towns that lie on its coasts. Addison.

TOUCH
Touch, n. Etym: [Cf. F. touche. See Touch, v. ]

1. The act of touching, or the state of being touched; contact.
Their touch affrights me as a serpent's sting. Shak.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The sense by which pressure or traction exerted on the skin is
recognized; the sense by which the properties of bodies are
determined by contact; the tactile sense. See Tactile sense, under
Tactile.
The spider's touch, how exquisitely fine. Pope.

Note: Pure tactile feelings are necessarily rare, since temperature
sensations and muscular sensations are more or less combined with
them. The organs of touch are found chiefly in the epidermis of the
skin and certain underlying nervous structures.

3. Act or power of exciting emotion.
Not alone The death of Fulvia, with more urgent touches, Do strongly
speak to us. Shak.

4. An emotion or affection.
A true, natural, and a sensible touch of mercy. Hooker.

5. Personal reference or application. [Obs.]
Speech of touch toward others should be sparingly used. Bacon.

6. A stroke; as, a touch of raillery; a satiric touch; hence,
animadversion; censure; reproof.
I never bare any touch of conscience with greater regret. Eikon
Basilike.

7. A single stroke on a drawing or a picture.
Never give the least touch with your pencil till you have well
examined your design. Dryden.

8. Feature; lineament; trait.
Of many faces, eyes, and hearts, To have the touches dearest prized.
Shak.

9. The act of the hand on a musical instrument; bence, in the plural,
musical notes.
Soft stillness and the night Become the touches of sweet harmony.
Shak.

10. A small quantity intermixed; a little; a dash.
Eyes La touch of Sir Peter Lely in them. Hazlitt.
Madam, I have a touch of your condition. Shak.

11. A hint; a suggestion; slight notice.
A small touch will put him in mind of them. Bacon.

12. A slight and brief essay. [Colloq.]
Print my preface in such form as, in the booksellers' phrase, will
make a sixpenny touch. Swift.

13. A touchstone; hence, stone of the sort used for touchstone.
[Obs.] " Now do I play the touch." Shak.
A neat new monument of touch and alabaster. Fuller.

14. Hence, examination or trial by some decisive standard; test;
proof; tried quality.
Equity, the true touch of all laws. Carew.
Friends of noble touch . Shak.

15. (Mus.)

Defn: The particular or characteristic mode of action, or the
resistance of the keys of an instrument to the fingers; as, a heavy
touch, or a light touch, also, the manner of touching, striking, or
pressing the keys of a piano; as, a legato touch; a staccato touch.

16. (Shipbilding)

Defn: The broadest part of a plank worked top and but (see Top and
but, under Top, n.), or of one worked anchor-stock fashion (that is,
tapered from the middle to both ends); also, the angles of the stern
timbers at the counters. J. Knowles.

17. (Football)

Defn: That part of the field which is beyond the line of flags on
either side. Encyc. of Rural Sports.

18. A boys' game; tag. In touch (Football), outside of bounds. T.
Hughes.
 -- To be in touch, to be in contact, or in sympathy.
 -- To keep touch. (a) To be true or punctual to a promise or
engagement [Obs.]; hence, to fulfill duly a function.
My mind and senses keep touch and time. Sir W. Scott.
(b) To keep in contact; to maintain connection or sympathy;-with with
or of.
 -- Touch and go, a phrase descriptive of a narrow escape.
 -- True as touch (i.e., touchstone), quite true. [Obs.]

TOUCHABLE
Touch"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being touched; tangible.
 -- Touch"a*ble*ness, n.

TOUCHBACK
Touch"back`, n. (G)

Defn: The act of touching the football down by a player behind his
own goal line when it received its last impulse from an opponent; --
distinguished from safety touchdown.

TOUCH-BOX
Touch"-box`, n.

Defn: A box containing lighted tinder, formerly carried by soldiers
who used matchlocks, to kindle the match.

TOUCHDOWN
Touch"down`, n. (Football)

Defn: The act of touching the football down behind the opponents'
goal . Safety touchdown. See under Safety.

TOUCHHOLE
Touch"hole`, n.

Defn: The vent of a cannot or other firearm, by which fire is
communicateed to the powder of the charge.

TOUCHILY
Touch"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a touchy manner.

TOUCHINESS
Touch"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being touchy peevishness; irritability;
irascibility.

TOUCHING
Touch"ing, a.

Defn: Affecting; moving; pathetic; as, a touching tale.
 -- Touch"ing*ly, adv.

TOUCHING
Touch"ing, prep.

Defn: Concerning; with respect to.
Now, as touching things offered unto idols. 1 Cor. viii. 1.

TOUCHING
Touch"ing, n.

Defn: The sense or act of feeling; touch.

TOUCH-ME-NOT
Touch"-me-not`, n. (Bot.)
(a) See Impatiens.
(b) Squirting cucumber. See under Cucumber.

TOUCH-NEEDLE
Touch"-nee`dle, n. (Metal.)

Defn: A small bar of gold and silver, either pure, or alloyed in some
known proportion with copper, for trying the purity of articles of
gold or silver by comparison of the streaks made by the article and
the bar on a touchstone.

TOUCH-PAPER
Touch"-pa`per, n.

Defn: Paper steeped in saltpeter, which burns slowly, and is used as
a match for firing gunpowder, and the like.

TOUCHSTONE
Touch"stone`, n.

1. (Min.)

Defn: Lydian stone; basanite; -- so called because used to test the
purity of gold and silver by the streak which is left upon the stone
when it is rubbed by the metal. See Basanite.

2. Fig.:

Defn: Any test or criterion by which the qualities of a thing are
tried. Hooker.
The foregoing doctrine affords us also a touchstone for the trial of
spirits. South.
Irish touchstone (Min.), basalt, the stone which composes the Giant's
Causeway.

TOUCHWOOD
Touch"wood`, n. Etym: [Probably for tachwood; OE. tache tinder (of
uncertain origin) + wood.]

1. Wood so decayed as to serve for tinder; spunk, or punk.

2. Dried fungi used as tinder; especially, the Polyporus igniarius.

TOUCHY
Touch"y, a. Etym: [For techy, tetchy.]

Defn: Peevish; irritable; irascible; techy; apt to take fire.
[Colloq.]
It may be said of Dryden that he was at no time touchy about personal
attacks. Saintsbury.

TOUGH
Tough, a. [Compar. Tougher; superl. Toughest.] Etym: [OE. tough, AS.
toh, akin to D. taai, LG. taa, tage, tau, OHG. zahi, G. zähe, and
also to AS. getenge near to, close to, oppressive, OS. bitengi.]

1. Having the quality of flexibility without brittleness; yielding to
force without breaking; capable of resisting great strain; as, the
ligaments of animals are remarkably tough. "Tough roots and stubs. "
Milton.

2. Not easily broken; able to endure hardship; firm; strong; as,
tough sinews. Cowper.
A body made of brass, the crone demands, . . . Tough to the last, and
with no toil to tire. Dryden.
The basis of his character was caution combined with tough tenacity
of purpose. J. A. Symonds.

3. Not easily separated; viscous; clammy; tenacious; as, tough
phlegm.

4. Stiff; rigid; not flexible; stubborn; as, a tough bow.
So tough a frame she could not bend. Dryden.

5. Severe; violent; as, a tough storm. [Colloq.] " A tough debate. "
Fuller. To make it tough, to make it a matter of difficulty; to make
it a hard matter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOUGH-CAKE
Tough"-cake`, n.

Defn: See Tough-pitch (b).

TOUGHEN
Tough"en, v. i.&t. [imp. & p. p. Toughened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Toughening.]

Defn: To grow or make tough, or tougher.

TOUGH-HEAD
Tough"-head`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ruddy duck. [ Local U.S. ]

TOUGHISH
Tough"ish, a.

Defn: Tough in a slight degree.

TOUGHLY
Tough"ly, adv.

Defn: In a tough manner.

TOUGHNESS
Tough"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tough.

TOUGH-PITCH
Tough"-pitch`, n. (Metal.)
(a) The exact state or quality of texture and consistency of well
reduced and refined copper.
(b) Copper so reduced; -- called also tough-cake.

TOUITE
Tou"ite, n.

Defn: The wood warbler. [Prov. Eng.]

TOUPEE; TOUPET
Tou*pee", Tou*pet"(), n. Etym: [F. toupet, dim. of OF. top a tuft; of
Teutonic origin, and akin to E. top. See Top apex, and cf. Topet.]

1. A little tuft; a curl or artificial lock of hair.

2. A small wig, or a toppiece of a wig.
Her powdered hair is turned backward over a toupee. G. Eliot.

TOUPETTIT
Tou"pet*tit, n. Etym: [See Topet, toupee.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crested titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

TOUR
Tour, n. Etym: [F. tour. See Tower.]

Defn: A tower. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOUR
Tour, n. Etym: [F. tour. See Turn, v. t.]

1. A going round; a circuit; hence, a journey in a circuit; a
prolonged circuitous journey; a comprehensive excursion; as, the tour
of Europe; the tour of France or England.
The bird of Jove stooped from his airy tour. Milton.

2. A turn; a revolution; as, the tours of the heavenly bodies. [Obs.]
Blackmore.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: anything done successively, or by regular order; a turn; as, a
tour of duty.

Syn.
 -- Journey; excursion. See Journey.

TOUR
Tour, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toured; p. pr. & vb. n. Touring.]

Defn: To make a tourm; as, to tour throught a country. T. Hughes.

TOURACO
Tou*ra"co, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Turacou.

TOURBILLION
Tour*bil"lion, n. Etym: [F. torbillion a whirlwind, tourbillion, fr.
L. turbo, -inis, a whirl, whirlwind.]

Defn: An ornamental firework which turns round, when in the air, so
as to form a scroll of fire. G. Francis.

TOURING CAR
Tour"ing car.

Defn: An automobile designed for touring; specif., a roomy car, not a
limousine, for five or more passengers.

TOURIST
Tour"ist, n.

Defn: One who makes a tour, or performs a journey in a circuit.

TOURMALINE
Tour"ma*line, n. Etym: [F. tourmaline, cf. It. turmalina, tormalina,
NL. turmalina, turmalinus; all fr. tournamal, a name given to this
stone in Ceylon.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring usually in three-sided or six-sided prisms
terminated by rhombohedral or scalenohedral planes. Black tourmaline
(schorl) is the most common variety, but there are also other
varieties, as the blue (indicolite), red (rubellite), also green,
brown, and white. The red and green varieties when transparent are
valued as jewels. [Written also turmaline .]

Note: Crystals of tourmaline when heated exhibit electric polarity
(see Pyroelectric, n.). Tourmaline is also used in the form of a
polariscope called tourmaline tongs.

TOURN
Tourn, n. Etym: [See Turn]

1. A spinning wheel. [Prov. Eng.]

2. (O.Eng.Law)

Defn: The sheriff's turn, or court.

TOURNAMENT
Tour"na*ment, n. Etym: [OE. turnement, tornement, OF. torneiement,
tornoiement, F. tournoiement a turning or wheeling round. See
Tourney.]

1. A mock fight, or warlike game, formerly in great favor, in which a
number of combatants were engaged, as an exhibition of their address
and bravery; hence, figuratively, a real battle. "In battle and in
tourneyment." Chaucer.
With cruel tournament the squadrons join. Milton.

Note: It different from the joust, which was a trial of skill between
one man and another.

2. Any contest of skill in which there are many contestents for
championship; as, a chess tournament.

TOURNERY
Tourn"er*y, n.

Defn: Work turned on a lathe; turnery.[Obs.] See Turnery. Evelyn.

TOURNEY
Tour"ney, n. Etym: [OF. tornei, tornoi, F. tournoi, fr. OF. torneier,
tornoier, tournoier, to tit, to tourney, F. tournoyer to turn round
and round. See Turn, v. t.]

Defn: A tournament. Bacon.
At tilt or tourney or like warlike game. Spenser.
We hold a tourney here to-morrow morn, And there is scantly time for
half the work. Tennyson.

TOURNEY
Tour"ney, v. i. Etym: [Cf.OF. torneier. See Tourney, n. ]

Defn: To perform in tournaments; to tilt.
Well could he tourney, and in lists debate. Spenser.

TOURNIQUET
Tour"ni*quet, n. Etym: [F., fr. tourner to turn.] (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for arresting hemorrhage. It consists essentially
of a pad or compress upon which pressure is made by a band which is
tightened by a screw or other means.

TOURNOIS
Tour`nois", n. Etym: [F., belonging to Tours in France.]

Defn: A former French money of account worth 20 sous, or a franc. It
was thus called in distinction from the Paris livre, which contained
25 sous.

TOURNURE
Tour*nure", n. Etym: [F., fr. tourner to turn.]

1. Turn; contour; figure.

2. Any device used by women to expand the skirt of a dress below the
waist; a bustle.

TOUSE; TOUZE
Touse, Touze, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Toused; p. pr. & vb. n.
Tousing.] Etym: [OE. tosen sq. root64. See tease, and cf. Tose, Toze.
]

Defn: To pull; to haul; to tear; to worry. [Prov. Eng.] Shak.
As a bear, whom angry curs have touzed. Spenser.

TOUSE
Touse, n.

Defn: A pulling; a disturbance. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

TOUSEL
Tous"el, v. t.

Defn: Same as Tousle. [Colloq.]

TOUSER
Tous"er, n.

Defn: One who touses. [Prov. Eng.]

TOUSLE
Tou"sle, v. t. Etym: [Freq. of touse. Cf.Tossle.]

Defn: To put into disorder; to tumble; to touse. [Colloq.]

TOUS-LES-MOIS
Tous`-les`-mois", n. Etym: [F., all the months, i.e., every month.]

Defn: A kind of starch with very large, oval, flattened grains, often
sold as arrowroot, and extensively used for adulterating cocoa. It is
made from the rootstocks of a species of Canna, probably C. edulis,
the tubers of which are edible every month in the year.

TOUSY
Tou"sy, a. [See Touse, n. & v.]

Defn: Tousled; tangled; rough; shaggy. [Colloq.]

TOUT
Tout, v. t. Etym: [See 1st Toot.]

1. To act as a tout. See 2d Tout. [Cant. Eng.]

2. To ply or seek for customers. [Prov. Eng.]

TOUT
Tout, n.

Defn: One who secretly watches race horses which are in course of
training, to get information about their capabilities, for use in
betting. [Cant. Eng.]

TOUT
Tout, v. t. Etym: [See 3d Toot. ]

Defn: To toot a horn.

TOUT
Tout, n

Defn: The anus. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOUT-ENSEMBLE
Tout`-en`sem"ble, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: All together; hence, in costume, the fine arts, etc., the
general effect of a work as a whole, without regard to the execution
of the separate perts.

TOUTER
Tout"er, n.

Defn: One who seeks customers, as for an inn, a public conveyance,
shops, and the like: hence, an obtrusive candidate for office.
[Colloq.]
The prey of ring droppers, . . . duffers, touters, or any of those
bloodless sharpers who are, perhaps, better known to the police.
Dickens.

TOUZE
Touze, v.t & i.

Defn: See Touse. [Prov. Eng.]

TOW
Tow, n. Etym: [OE. tow, AS. tow, akin to OD. touw, Icel. taw, v.t.]

Defn: The coarse and broken part of flax or hemp, separated from the
finer part by the hatchel or swingle.

TOW
Tow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Towed; p. pr. & vb. n. Towing.] Etym: [OE.
towen, totoga to pull about, OHG. zogon, Icel. toga, AS. tohline a
towline, and AS.teón to draw, p.p. getogen. See Tug]

Defn: To draw or pull through the water, as a vessel of any kind, by
means of a rope.

TOW
Tow, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel.taug a rope, from the same root as E.tow, v.
t.]

1. A rope by which anything is towed; a towline, or towrope.

2. The act of towing, or the state of being towed;-chiefly used in
the phrase, to take in tow, that is to tow.

3. That which is towed, or drawn by a towline, as a barge, raft,
collection of boats, ect.

TOWAGE
Tow"age, n. Etym: [From Tow, v..cf. F. touage.]

1. The act of towing.

2. The price paid for towing.

TOWALL
Tow"all, n.

Defn: A towel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOWARD; TOWARDS
To"ward, To"wards, prep.Etym: [AS. To, and -ward, wards.]

1. In the direction of; to.
He set his face toward the wilderness. Num. xxiv. 1.
The waves make towards'' the pebbled shore. Shak.

2. With direction to, in a moral sense; with respect or reference to;
regarding; concerning.
His eye shall be evil toward his brother. Deut. xxviii. 54.
Herein do I exercise myself, to have always a conscience void of
offense toward God, and toward men. Acts xxiv. 16.

3. Tending to; in the direction of; in behalf of.
This was the first alarm England received towards any trouble.
Clarendom.

4. Near; about; approaching to.
I am toward nine years older since I left you. Swift.

TOWARD; TOWARDS
To"ward, To"wards adv.

Defn: Near; at hand; in state of preparation.
Do you hear sught, sir, of a battle toward Shak.
We have a trifling foolish banquet Towards. Shak.

TOWARD
To"ward, a. Etym: [AS. Toward, prep.]

1. Approaching; coming near. "His toward peril." Spenser.

2. Readly to do or learn; compliant with duty; not froward; apt;
docile; tractable; as, a toward youth.

3. Ready to act; forward; bold; valiant.
Why, that is spoken like a toward prince. Shak.

TOWARDLINESS
To"ward*li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being towardly; docility;
tractableness.
The beauty and towardliness of these children moved her brethren to
envy. Sir W. Raleigh.

TOWARDLY
To"ward*ly, a.

Defn: Same as Toward, a., 2.
He's towardly and will come on apace. Dryden.

TOWARDNESS
To"ward*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being toward.

TOWARDS
To"wards (, prep. & adv.

Defn: See Toward.

TOWBOAT
Tow"boat`, n.

1. A vessel constructed for being towed, as a canal boat.

2. A steamer used for towing other vessels; a tug.

TOWEL
Tow"el, n. Etym: [OE.towaille, towail, F. touaille, LL. toacula, of
Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. dwahila, swahilla, G. zwehle, fr. OHG.
dwahan to wash; akin to D. dwaal a towel, AS. þweán to wash, OS.
thwahan, Icel. þva, Sw. två, Dan. toe, Goth. þwahan. Cf. Doily.]

Defn: A cloth used for wiping, especially one used for drying
anything wet, as the person after a bath. Towel gourd (Bot.), the
fruit of the cucurbitaceous plant Luffa Ægyptiaca; also, the plant
itself. The fruit is very fibrous, and, when separated from its rind
and seeds, is used as a sponge or towel. Called also Egyptian bath
sponge, and dishcloth.

TOWEL
Tow"el, v. t.

Defn: To beat with a stick. [Prov. Eng.]

TOWELING
Tow"el*ing, n.

Defn: Cloth for towels, especially such as is woven in long pieces to
be cut at will, as distinguished from that woven in towel lengths
with borders, etc. [Written also towelling.]

TOWER
Tow"er, n. Etym: [OE. tour,tor,tur, F. tour, L. turris; akin to Gr.
twr a tower, Ir. tor a castle, Gael. torr a tower, castle. Cf. Tor,
Turret.]

1. (Arch.)
(a) A mass of building standing alone and insulated, usually higher
than its diameter, but when of great size not always of that
proportion.
(b) A projection from a line of wall, as a fortification, for
purposes of defense, as a flanker, either or the same height as the
curtain wall or higher.
(c) A structure appended to a larger edifice for a special purpose,
as for a belfry, and then usually high in proportion to its width and
to the height of the rest of the edifice; as, a church tower.

2. A citadel; a fortress; hence, a defense.
Thou hast been a shelter for me, and a strong tower from the enemy.
Ps. lxi. 3.

3. A headdress of a high or towerlike form, fashionable about the end
of the seventeenth century and until 1715; also, any high headdress.
Lay trains of amorous intrigues In towers, and curls, and periwigs.
Hudibras.

4. High flight; elevation. [Obs.] Johnson. Gay Lussac's tower
(Chem.), a large tower or chamber used in the sulphuric acid process,
to absorb (by means of concentrated acid) the spent nitrous fumes
that they may be returned to the Glover's tower to be reemployed. See
Sulphuric acid, under Sulphuric, and Glover's tower, below.
 -- Glover's tower (Chem.), a large tower or chamber used in the
manufacture of sulphuric acid, to condense the crude acid and to
deliver concentrated acid charged with nitrous fumes. These fumes, as
a catalytic, effect the conversion of sulphurous to sulphuric acid.
See Sulphuric acid, under Sulphuric, and Gay Lussac's tower, above.
 -- Round tower. See under Round, a.
 -- Shot tower. See under Shot.
 -- Tower bastion (Fort.), a bastion of masonry, often with chambers
beneath, built at an angle of the interior polygon of some works.
 -- Tower mustard (Bot.), the cruciferous plant Arabis perfoliata.
 -- Tower of London, a collection of buildings in the eastern part of
London, formerly containing a state prison, and now used as an
arsenal and repository of various objects of public interest.

TOWER
Tow"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. towered; p. pr. & vb. n. towering.]

Defn: To rise and overtop other objects; to be lofty or very high;
hence, to soar.
On the other side an high rock towered still. Spenser.
My lord protector's hawks do tower so well. Shak.

TOWER
Tow"er, v. t.

Defn: To soar into. [Obs.] Milton.

TOWERED
Tow"ered, a.

Defn: Adorned or defended by towers.
Towered cities please us then. Milton.

TOWERING
Tow"er*ing, a.

1. Very high; elevated; rising aloft; as, a towering height. Pope.

2. Hence, extreme; violent; surpassing.
A man agitated by a towering passion. Sir W. Scott.

TOWERY
Tow"er*y, a.

Defn: Having towers; adorned or defended by towers. [R.] "Towery
cities." Pope.

TOW-HEAD
Tow"-head`, n.

1. An urchin who has soft, whitish hair. [Colloq.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hooded merganser. [ Local, U.S. ]

TOWHEE
To*whee", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chewink.

TOWILLY
To*wil"ly, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sanderling; -- so called from its cry. [Prov. Eng.]

TOWLINE
Tow"line`, n. Etym: [AS. tohline. See Tow, v. t., and Line. ] (Naut.)

Defn: A line used to tow vessels; a towrope.

TOWN
Town, n. Etym: [OE. toun, tun, AS. tun inclosure, fence, village,
town; akin to D. tuin a garden, G. zaun a hadge, fence, OHG. zun,
Icel. tun an inclosure, homestead, house, Ir. & Gael. dun a fortress,
W. din. Cf. Down, adv. & prep., Dune, tine to inclose.]

1. Formerly: (a) An inclosure which surrounded the mere homestead or
dwelling of the lord of the manor. [Obs.] (b) The whole of the land
which constituted the domain. [Obs.] (c) A collection of houses
inclosed by fences or walls. [Obs.] Palsgrave.

2. Any number or collection of houses to which belongs a regular
market, and which is not a city or the see of a bishop. [Eng.]
Johnson.

3. Any collection of houses larger than a village, and not
incorporated as a city; also, loosely, any large, closely populated
place, whether incorporated or not, in distinction from the country,
or from rural communities.
God made the country, and man made the town. Cowper.

4. The body of inhabitants resident in a town; as, the town voted to
send two representatives to the legislature; the town voted to lay a
tax for repairing the highways.

5. A township; the whole territory within certain limits, less than
those of a country. [U.S.]

6. The court end of London;-commonly with the.

7. The metropolis or its inhabitants; as, in winter the gentleman
lives in town; in summer, in the country.
Always hankering after the diversions of the town. Addison.
Stunned with his giddy larum half the town. Pope.

Note: The same form of expressions is used in regard to other
populous towns.

8. A farm or farmstead; also, a court or farmyard. [Prov. Eng.&
Scot.]

Note: Town is often used adjectively or in combination with other
words; as, town clerk, or town-clerk; town-crier, or town crier;
townhall, town-hall, or town hall; townhouse, town house, or town-
house.

Syn.
 -- Village; hamlet. See Village. Town clerk, an office who keeps the
records of a town, and enters its official proceedings. See Clerk.
 -- Town cress (Bot.), the garden cress, or peppergrass. Dr. Prior.
 -- Town house. (a) A house in town, in distinction from a house in
the country. (b) See Townhouse.
 -- Town meeting, a legal meeting of the inhabitants of a town
entitled to vote, for the transaction of public bisiness. [U.S.] --
Town talk, the common talk of a place; the subject or topic of common
conversation.

TOWN-CRIER
Town"-cri`er, n.

Defn: A town officer who makes proclamations to the people; the
public crier of a town.

TOWNED
Towned, a.

Defn: Having towns; containing many towns. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

TOWNHALL
Town"hall`, n.

Defn: A public hall or building, belonging to a town, where the
public offices are established, the town council meets, the people
assemble in town meeting, etc.

TOWNHOUSE
Town"house`, n.

Defn: A building devoted to the public used of a town; a townhall.

TOWNISH
Town"ish, a

Defn: Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of a town; like the town.
[R.] Turbervile.

TOWNLESS
Town"less, a.

Defn: Having no town. Howell.

TOWNLET
Town"let, n.

Defn: A small town. North Brit. Rev.

TOWNSFOLK
Towns"folk`, n.

Defn: The people of a town; especially, the inhabitants of a city, in
distinction from country people; townspeople.

TOWNSHIP
Town"ship, n.

1. The district or territory of a town.

Note: In the United States, many of the States are divided into
townships of five, six, seven, or perhaps ten miles square, and the
inhabitants of such townships are invested with certain powers for
regulating their own affairs, such as repairing roads and providing
for the poor. The township is subordinate to the county.

2. In surveys of the public land of the United States, a division of
territory six miles square, containing 36 sections.

3. In Canada, one of the subdivisions of a county.

TOWNSMAN
Towns"man, n.; pl. Townsmen (-men).

1. An inhabitant of a town; one of the same town with another. Pope.

2. A selectman, in New England. See Selectman.

TOWNSPEOPLE
Towns"peo`ple, n.

Defn: The inhabitants of a town or city, especially in distinction
from country people; townsfolk.

TOWNWARD; TOWNWARDS
Town"ward, Town"wards,, adv.

Defn: Toward a town. Longfellow.

TOWPATH
Tow"path`, n.

Defn: A path traveled by men or animals in towing boats; -- called
also towing path.

TOWROPE
Tow"rope`, n.

Defn: A rope used in towing vessels.

TOWSER
Tow"ser, n. Etym: [See Touse to pull about. ]

Defn: A familiar name for a dog. [ Written also Towzer. ]

TOWY
Tow"y, a.

Defn: Composed of, or like, tow.

TOXAEMIA; TOXEMIA
Tox*ae"mi*a or Tox*e"mi*a, a. Etym: [NL.,fr.Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Blood poisoning. See under Blood.

TOXALBUMIN
Tox`al*bu"min, n. [See Toxic; Albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Any of a class of toxic substances of protein nature; a toxin.

TOXIC; TOXICAL
Tox"ic, Tox"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. toxicum poison, originally, a poison
in which arrows were dipped, Gr. Intoxicate.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to poison; poisonous; as, toxic medicines.

TOXICANT
Tox"i*cant, n.

Defn: A poisonous agent or drug, as opium; an intoxicant.

TOXICATION
Tox`i*ca"tion, n. [L. toxicum a poison: cf. toxicatus smeared with
poison.]

Defn: Poisoning.

TOXICITY
Tox*ic"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being toxic or poisonous;
poisonousness.

TOXICOGENIC
Tox`i*co*gen"ic, a. [See Toxic, and -genic.] (Physiol. & Med.)

Defn: Producing toxic products; as, toxicogenic germs or bacteria.

TOXICOLOGICAL
Tox`i*co*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf.F. toxicologique. ]

Defn: Of or pertaining to toxicology.
 -- Tox`i*co*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

TOXICOLOGIST
Tox`i*col"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in toxicology; the writer of a treatise on poisons.

TOXICOLOGY
Tox`i*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.toxicologie. See Toxic. ]

Defn: The science which treats of poisons, their effects, antidotes,
and recignition; also, a discourse or treatise on the science.

TOXICOMANIA
Tox`i*co*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [See. Toxic, and Mania.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Toxiphobia. A. S. Taylor.

2. (Med.)

Defn: An insane desire for intoxicating or poisonous drugs, as
alcohol or opium. B. W. Richardson.

TOXIFERA
Tox*if"e*ra, n.pl. Etym: [NL.,fr.Gr.ferre to bear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Toxoglossa.

TOXIN; TOXINE
Tox"in, Tox"ine, n. Etym: [Gr.Toxic. ]

Defn: A poisonous product formed by pathogenic bacteria, as a toxic
proteid or poisonous ptomaine.

TOXIPHOBIA
Tox`i*pho"bi*a, n. Etym: [NL.,fr.Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An insane or greatly exaggerated dread of poisons.

TOXODON
Tox"o*don, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A gigantic extinct herbivorous mammal from South America,
having teeth bent like a bow. It is the type of the order Toxodonta.

TOXODONTA
Tox`o*don"ta, n.pl. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct order of Mammalia found in the South American
Tertiary formation. The incisor teeth were long and curved and
provided with a persistent pulp. They are supposed to be related both
to the rodents and ungulates. Called also Toxodontia.

TOXOGLOSSA
Tox`o*glos"sa, n.pl. Etym: [NL.,fr.Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of marine gastropod mollusks in which the radula are
converted into poison fangs. The cone shells (Conus), Pleurotoma, and
Terebra, are examples. See Illust. of Cone, n., 4, Pleurotoma, and
Terebra.

TOXOID
Tox"oid, n.  [Toxin + -oid.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An altered form of a toxin, possessing little or no toxic
power.

TOXOPHILITE
Tox*oph"i*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. to`xon a bow + filei^n to love.]

Defn: A lover of archery; one devoted to archery.

TOXOTES
Tox"o*tes, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fishes comprising the archer fishes. See Archer
fish.

TOY
Toy, n. Etym: [D. tuid tools, implements, stuff, trash, speeltuig
playthings, toys; akin to G. zeug stuff, materials, MNG. zuic, Icel.
tygi gear; all ultimately from the root of E. tug, v.t.; cf.G. zeugen
to beget, MHG.ziugen to beget, make ready, procure. See Tug, v. t.]

1. A plaything for children; a bawble. Cowper.

2. A thing for amusement, but of no real value; an article of trade
of little value; a trifle.
They exchange for knives, glasses, and such toys, great abundance of
gold and pearl. Abr. Abbot.

3. A wild fancy; an odd conceit; idle sport; folly; trifling opinion.
To fly about playing their wanton toys. Spenser.
What if a toy take'em in the heels now, and they all run away. Beau.
&Fl.
Nor light and idle toys my lines may vainly swell. Drayton.

4. Amorous dalliance; play; sport; pastime. Milton.
To dally thus with death is no fit toy. Spenser.

5. An old story; a silly tale. Shak.

6. Etym: [Probably the same word.]

Defn: A headdress of linen or woolen, that hangs down over the
shoulders, worn by old women of the lower classes; -- called also toy
mutch. [Scot.] "Having, moreover, put on her clean toy, rokelay, and
scarlet plaid." Sir W. Scott.

TOY
Toy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. toyed; p. pr. & vb. n. toying.]

Defn: To dally amorously; to trifle; to play.
To toy, to wanton, dally, smile and jest. Shak.

TOY
Toy, v. t.

Defn: To treat foolishly. [Obs.] E. Dering (1576).

TOYEAR
To*year, adv. Etym: [To, prep. + year. ]

Defn: This year. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOYER
Toy"er, n.

Defn: One who toys; one who is full of trifling tricks; a trifler.

TOYFUL
Toy"ful, a.

Defn: Full of trifling play. [Obs.] Donne.

TOYHOUSE
Toy"house`, n.

Defn: A house for children to play in or to play with; a playhouse.

TOYINGLY
Toy"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a toying manner.

TOYISH
Toy"ish, a

1. Sportive; trifling; wanton.

2. Resembling a toy. --Toy"ish*ly, dv.-Toy"ish*ness, n.

TOYMAN
Toy"man, n.

Defn: One who deals toys.

TOYSHOP
Toy"shop`, n.

Defn: A shop where toys are sold.

TOYSOME
Toy"some, a.

Defn: Disposed to toy; trifling; wanton. [R.] Ford.

TOZE
Toze, v. t.

Defn: To pull violently; to touse. [Obs.]

TOZY
To"zy, a. Etym: [See Toze ]

Defn: Soft, like wool that has been teased.
 -- To"zi*ness, n.

TRABEA
Tra"be*a, n.; pl. Trabeæ. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A toga of purple, or ornamented with purple horizontal stripes.
 -- worn by kings, consuls, and augurs. Dr. W. Smith.

TRABEATED
Tra"be*a`ted, a. (Arch.)

Defn: Furnished with an entablature.

TRABEATION
Tra`be*a"tion, n. Etym: [L.trabs, trabis, a beam, a timber.] (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Entablature.

TRABECULA
Tra*bec"u*la, n.; pl. Trabeculæ (-le). Etym: [L., a little beam.]
(Anat.)

Defn: A small bar, rod, bundle of fibers, or septal membrane, in the
framework of an organ part.

TRABECULAR
Tra*bec"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a trabecula or trabeculæ; composed of
trabeculæ.

TRABECULATE
Tra*bec"u*late, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Crossbarred, as the ducts in a banana stem.

TRABU
Tra"bu, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Trubu.

TRACE
Trace, n. Etym: [F.trais. pl. of trait. See Trait.]

Defn: One of two straps, chains, or ropes of a harness, extending
from the collar or breastplate to a whiffletree attached to a vehicle
or thing to be drawn; a tug.

TRACE
Trace, n. Etym: [F. trace. See Trace, v. t. ]

1. A mark left by anything passing; a track; a path; a course; a
footprint; a vestige; as, the trace of a carriage or sled; the trace
of a deer; a sinuous trace. Milton.

2. (Chem.&Min.)

Defn: A very small quantity of an element or compound in a given
substance, especially when so small that the amount is not
quantitatively determined in an analysis;-hence, in stating an
analysis, often contracted to tr.

3. A mark, impression, or visible appearance of anything left when
the thing itself no longer exists; remains; token; vestige.
The shady empire shall retain no trace Of war or blood, but in the
sylvan chase. Pope.

4. (Descriptive Geom.&Persp.)

Defn: The intersection of a plane of projection, or an original
plane, with a coordinate plane.

5. (Fort.)

Defn: The ground plan of a work or works. Syn.-Vestige; mark; token.
See Vestige.

TRACE
Trace, v. t. [imp. & p. p. traced; p. pr. & vb. n. tracing.] Etym:
[OF. tracier, F. tracer, from (assumed) LL. tractiare, fr.L. tractus,
p. p. of trahere to draw. Cf. Abstract, Attract, Contract, Portratt,
Tract, Trail, Train, Treat. ]

1. To mark out; to draw or delineate with marks; especially, to copy,
as a drawing or engraving, by following the lines and marking them on
a sheet superimposed, through which they appear; as, to trace a
figure or an outline; a traced drawing.
Some faintly traced features or outline of the mother and the child,
slowly lading into the twilight of the woods. Hawthorne.

2. To follow by some mark that has been left by a person or thing
which has preceded; to follow by footsteps, tracks, or tokens.
Cowper.
You may trace the deluge quite round the globe. T. Burnet.
I feel thy power . . . to trace the ways Of highest agents. Milton.

3. Hence, to follow the trace or track of.
How all the way the prince on footpace traced. Spenser.

4. To copy; to imitate.
That servile path thou nobly dost decline, Of tracing word, and line
by line. Denham.

5. To walk over; to pass through; to traverse.
We do tracethis alley up and down. Shak.

TRACE
Trace, v. i.

Defn: To walk; to go; to travel. [Obs.]
Not wont on foot with heavy arms to trace. Spenser.

TRACEABLE
Trace"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being traced.
 -- Trace"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Trace"a/bly, adv.

TRACER
Tra"cer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, traces.

TRACERY
Tra"cery, n.; pl. Traceries ( (Arch.)

Defn: Ornamental work with rambled lines. Especially: --
(a) The decorative head of a Gothic window.

Note: Window tracery is of two sorts, plate tracery and bar tracery.
Plate tracery, common in Italy, consists of a series of ornamental
patterns cut through a flat plate of stone. Bar tracery is a
decorative pattern formed by the curves and intersections of the
molded bars of the mullions. Window tracery is imitated in many
decorative objects, as panels of wood or metal either pierced or in
relief. See also Stump tracery under Stump, and Fan tracery under
Fan.
(b) A similar decoration in some styles of vaulting, the ribs of the
vault giving off the minor bars of which the tracery is composed.

TRACHEA
Tra"che*a, n.; pl. Tracheæ. Etym: [NL.,from L. trachia, Gr. trachei^a
(sc. trachée.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The windpipe. See Illust. of Lung.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the respiratory tubes of insects and arachnids.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the large cells in woody tissue which have spiral,
annular, or other markings, and are connected longitudinally so as to
form continuous ducts.

TRACHEAL
Tra"che*al, a. Etym: [Cf.F.tracheal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the trachea; like a trachea.

TRACHEARIA
Tra`che*a"ri*a, n.pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Arachnida including those that breathe only by
means of tracheæ. It includes the mites, ticks, false scorpions, and
harvestmen.

TRACHEARY
Tra"che*a*ry, a.

Defn: Tracheal; breathing by means of tracheæ.
 -- n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Trachearia.

TRACHEATA
Tra`che*a"ta, n.pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division of arthropods comprising all those which
breathe by tracheæ, as distinguished from Crustacea, which breathe by
means of branchiæ.

TRACHEATE
Tra"che*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Breathing by means of tracheæ; of or pertaining to the
Tracheata.

TRACHEATE
Tra"che*ate, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any arthropod having tracheæ; one of the Tracheata.

TRACHEID
Tra"che*id, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A wood cell with spiral or other markings and closed
throughout, as in pine wood.

TRACHEITIS
Tra`che*i"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Trachea, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the trachea, or windpipe.

TRACHELIDAN
Tra*chel"i*dan, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of a tribe of beetles (Trachelides) which have the head
supported on a pedicel. The oil beetles and the Cantharides are
examples.

TRACHELIPOD
Tra*chel"i*pod, n. Etym: [Gr.-pod:cf.F. trachelipode.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Trachelipoda.

TRACHELIPODA
Tra`che*lip"o*da, n.pl. Etym: [NL. See Trachelipod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive artificial group of gastropods comprising all
those which have a spiral shell and the foot attached to the base of
the neck.

TRACHELIPODOUS
Tra`che*lip"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the foot united with the neck; of or pertainingto the
Trachelipoda.

TRACHELOBRANCHIATE
Tra`che*lo*bran"chi*ate, a. Etym: [Gr.tranchiate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the gills situated upon the neck; -- said of certain
mollusks.

TRACHELORRHAPHY
Tra`che*lor"rha*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The operation of sewing up a laceration of the neck of the
uterus.

TRACHENCHYMA
Tra*chen"chy*ma, n. Etym: [NL.,fr. trachea + -enchyma as in
E.parenchyma.] (Bot.)

Defn: A vegetable tissue consisting of tracheæ.

TRACHEOBRANCHIA
Tra`che*o*bran"chi*a, n.; pl. Tracheobranchlae. Etym: [NL. See
Trachea, and Branchia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the gill-like breathing organs of certain aquatic insect
larvæ. They contain tracheal tubes somewhat similar to those of other
insects.

TRACHEOBRONCHIAL
Tra`che*o*bron"chi*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining both to the tracheal and bronchial tubes, or to
their junction; -- said of the syrinx of certain birds.

TRACHEOCELE
Tra"che*o*cele, n. Etym: [Gr. tracheocele. ] (Med.)
(a) Goiter.
(b) A tumor containing air and communicating with the trachea. Morell
Mackenzie.

TRACHEOPHONAE
Tra`che*oph"o*næ (, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from trachea + Gr. fonei^n to
sound.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of passerine birds having the syrinx at the lower end
of the trachea.

TRACHEOSCOPY
Tra`che*os"co*py, n. Etym: [Trachea + -scopy.] (Med.)

Defn: Examination of the interior of the trachea by means of a
mirror.

TRACHEOTOMY
Tra`che*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [Trachea + Gr. tracheotomie.] (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of making an opening into the windpipe.

TRACHINOID
Tra"chi*noid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, Trachinus, a genus of fishes which
includes the weevers. See Weever.

TRACHITIS
Tra*chi"tis, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Tracheitis.

TRACHOMA
Tra*cho"ma, n. [NL., fr. Gr.  roughness, fr.  rough.] (Med.)

Defn: Granular conjunctivitis due to a specific micrococcus. --
Tra*chom"a*tous (#), a.

TRACHYCARPOUS
Tra`chy*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Rough-fruited. Gray.

TRACHYMEDUSAE
Tra`chy*me*du"sæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr.Gr. medusa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of acalephs in which the development is direct from
the eggs, without a hydroid stage. Some of the species are parasitic
on other medusæ.

TRACHYSPERMOUS
Tra`chy*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Rough-seeded. Gray.

TRACHYSTOMATA
Tra`chy*stom"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.,fr.Gr. stoma.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of tailed aquatic amphibians, including Siren and
Pseudobranchus. They have anterior legs only, are eel-like in form,
and have no teeth except a small patch on the palate. The external
gills are persistent through life.

TRACHYTE
Tra"chyte, n. Etym: [Gr. trachyte.] (Geol.)

Defn: An igneous rock,usually light gray in color and breaking with a
rough surface. It consists chiefly of orthoclase feldspar with
sometimes hornblende and mica.

TRACHYTIC
Tra*chyt"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. trachytique.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, trachyte.

TRACHYTOID
Trach"y*toid, a. Etym: [Trachyte + -oid.] (Min.)

Defn: Resembling trachyte; -- used to define the structure of certain
rocks.

TRACING
Tra"cing, n.

1. The act of one who traces; especially, the act of copying by
marking on thin paper, or other transparent substance, the lines of a
pattern placed beneath; also, the copy thus producted.

2. A regular path or track; a course. Tracing cloth, Tracing paper,
specially prepared transparent cloth or paper, which enables a
drawing or print to be clearly seen through it, and so allows the use
of a pen or pencil to produce a facsimile by following the lines of
the original placed beneath.

TRACK
Track, n. Etym: [OF.trac track of horses, mules, trace of animals; of
Teutonic origin; cf.D.trek a drawing, trekken to draw, travel, march,
MHG. trechen, pret. trach. Cf. Trick.]

1. A mark left by something that has passed along; as, the track, or
wake, of a ship; the track of a meteor; the track of a sled or a
wheel.
The bright track of his fiery car. Shak.

2. A mark or impression left by the foot, either of man or beast;
trace; vestige; footprint.
Far from track of men. Milton.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The entire lower surface of the foot;-said of birds, ect.

4. A road; a beaten path.
Behold Torquatus the same track pursue. Dryden.

5. Course; way; as, the track of a comet.

6. A path or course laid out for a race, for exercise, ect.

7. (Raolroad)

Defn: The permanent way; the rails.

8. Etym: [Perhaps a mistake for tract.]

Defn: A tract or area, as of land. [Obs.] "Small tracks of ground."
Fuller. Track scale, a railway scale. See under Railway.

TRACK
Track, v. t. [imp. & p. p. tracked; p. pr. & vb. n. tracking.]

Defn: To follow the tracks or traces of; to pursue by following the
marks of the feet; to trace; to trail; as, to track a deer in the
snow.
It was often found impossible to track the robbers to their retreats
among the hills and morasses. Macaulay.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To draw along continuously, as a vessel, by a line, men or
animals on shore being the motive power; to tow.

TRACKAGE
Track"age, n.

Defn: The act of tracking, or towing, as a boat; towage.

TRACKER
Track"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, tracks or pursues, as a man or dog that
follows game.
And of the trackers of the deer Scarce half the lessening pack was
near. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: In the organ, a light strip of wood connecting (in path) a key
and a pallet, to communicate motion by pulling.

TRACKLAYER
Track"lay`er, n. (Railroads)

Defn: Any workman engaged in work involved in putting the track in
place. [U. S. & Canada] -- Track"lay`ing, n.

TRACKLESS
Track"less, a.

Defn: Having no track; marked by no footsteps; untrodden; as, a
trackless desert.
To climb the trackless mountain all unseen. Byron.
-- Track"less*ly, adv.-Track"less*ness, n.

TRACKMAN
Track"man, n.; pl. -men. (Railroads)

Defn: One employed on work on the track; specif., a trackwalker.

TRACKMASTER; ROADMASTER
Track"mas`ter, Road"mas`ter, n. (Railroad)

Defn: One who has charge of the track; --called also roadmaster.

TRACK-ROAD
Track"-road`, n.

Defn: A towing path.

TRACKSCOUT
Track"scout, n.

Defn: See Trackschuyt.

TRACKWALKER
Track"walk`er, n. (Railroads)

Defn: A person employed to walk over and inspect a section of tracks.

TRACKWAY
Track"way`, n.

Defn: Any of two or more narrow paths, of steel, smooth stone, or the
like, laid in a public roadway otherwise formed of an inferior
pavement, as cobblestones, to provide an easy way for wheels.

TRACT
Tract, n. Etym: [Abbrev.fr. tractate.]

Defn: A written discourse or dissertation, generally of short extent;
a short treatise, especially on practical religion.
The church clergy at that writ the best collection of tracts against
popery that ever appeared. Swift.
Tracts for the Times. See Tractarian.

TRACT
Tract, n. Etym: [L. tractus a drawing, train, track, course, tract of
land, from trahere tractum, to draw. Senses 4 and 5 are perhaps due
to confusion with track. See Trace,v., and cf. Tratt.]

1. Something drawn out or extended; expanse. "The deep tract of
hell." Milton.

2. A region or quantity of land or water, of indefinite extent; an
area; as, an unexplored tract of sea.
A very high mountain joined to the mainland by a narrowtract of
earth. Addison.

3. Traits; features; lineaments. [Obs.]
The discovery of a man's self by the tracts of his countenance is a
great weakness. Bacon.

4. The footprint of a wild beast. [Obs.] Dryden.

5. Track; trace. [Obs.]
Efface all tract of its traduction. Sir T. Browne.
But flies an eagle flight, bold, and forthon, Leaving no tract
behind. Shak.

6. Treatment; exposition. [Obs.] Shak.

7. Continuity or extension of anything; as, the tract of speech.
[Obs.] Older.

8. Continued or protracted duration; length; extent. "Improved by
tract of time." Milton.

9. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Verses of Scripture sung at Mass, instead of the Alleluia, from
Septuagesima Sunday till the Saturday befor Easter;-so called because
sung tractim,or without a break, by one voice, instead of by many as
in the antiphons.

Syn.
 -- Region; district; quarter; essay; treatise; dissertation.

TRACT
Tract, v. t.

Defn: To trace out; to track; also, to draw out; to protact. [Obs.]
Spenser. B. Jonson.

TRACTABILITY
Tract`a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. tractabilitas: cf.F. tractabilite.]

Defn: The quality or state of being tractable or docile; docility;
tractableness.

TRACTABLE
Tract"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. tractabilis, fr, tractare to draw
violently, to handle, treat. See Treat, v. t.]

1. Capable of being easily led, taught, or managed; docile;
manageable; governable; as, tractable children; a tractable learner.
I shall find them tractable enough. Shak.

2. Capable of being handled; palpable; practicable; feasible; as,
tractable measures. [Obs.] Holder. --Tract"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Tract"a/bly, adv.

TRACTARIAN
Trac*ta"ri*an, n. (Ch. of England)

Defn: One of the writers of the Oxford tracts, called "Tracts for the
Times," issued during the period 1833-1841, in which series of papers
the sacramental system and authority of the Church, and the value of
tradition, were brought into prominence. Also, a member of the High
Church party, holding generally the principles of the Tractarian
writers; a Puseyite.

TRACTARIAN
Trac*ta"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Tractarians, or their principles.

TRACTARIANISM
Trac*ta"ri*an*ism, n. (Ch. of England)

Defn: The principles of the Tractarians, or of those persons
accepting the teachings of the "Tracts for the Times."

TRACTATE
Tract"ate, n. Etym: [L. tractatus a touching, handling, treatise. See
Tractable, and Tract a treatise, Treaty.]

Defn: A treatise; a tract; an essay.
Agreeing in substance with Augustin's, from whose fourteenth Tractate
on St. John the words are translated. Hare.

TRACTATION
Trac*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. tractatio.]

Defn: Treatment or handling of a subject; discussion. [Obs.]
A full tractation of the points controverted. Bp. Hall.

TRACTATOR
Trac*ta"tor, n. Etym: [L., a handler.]

Defn: One who writes tracts; specif., a Tractarian. [R.] C. Kingsley.

TRACTILE
Tract"ile, a. Etym: [L. trahere, tractum, to draw.]

Defn: Capable of being drawn out in length; ductile. Bacon.

TRACTILITY
Trac*til"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being tractile; ductility. Derham.

TRACTION
Trac"tion, n. Etym: [L. trahere, tractum, to draw: cf. F. traction.]

1. The act of drawing, or the state of being drawn; as, the traction
of a muscle.

2. Specifically, the act of drawing a body along a plane by motive
power, as the drawing of a carriage by men or horses, the towing of a
boat by a tug.

3. Attraction; a drawing toward. [R.]

4. The adhesive friction of a wheel on a rail, a rope on a pulley, or
the like. Knight. Angle of traction (Mech.), the angle made with a
given plane by the line of direction in which a tractive force acts.
 -- Traction engine, a locomotive for drawing vehicles on highways or
in the fields.

TRACTIONAL
Trac"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or relating to traction.

TRACTION WHEEL
Traction wheel. (Mach.)
 (a) A locomotive driving wheel which acts by friction adhesion to a
smooth track.
 (b) A smooth-rimmed friction wheel for giving motion to an endless
link belt or the like.

TRACTITE
Tract"ite, n.

Defn: A Tractarian.

TRACTITIOUS
Trac*ti"tious, a. Etym: [See Tractate.]

Defn: Treating of; handling. [R.]

TRACTIVE
Tract"ive, a.

Defn: Serving to draw; pulling; attracting; as, tractive power.

TRACTOR
Tract"or, n. Etym: [NL., from L. trahere, tractum, to draw.]

1. That which draws, or is used for drawing.

2. pl. (Med.)

Defn: Two small, pointed rods of metal, formerly used in the
treatment called Perkinism.

TRACTORATION
Trac`to*ra"tion, n.

Defn: See Perkinism.

TRACTOR SCREW; TRACTOR PROPELLER
Tractor screw or propeller. (Aviation)

Defn: A propeller screw placed in front of the supporting planes of
an aëroplane instead of behind them, so that it exerts a pull instead
of a push. Hence, Tractor monoplane, Tractor biplane, etc.

TRACTORY
Tract"o*ry, n. Etym: [L. tractorius of drawing, fr. trahere, tractum,
to draw.] (Geom.)

Defn: A tractrix.

TRACTRIX
Tract"rix, n. Etym: [NL. See Tractor.] (Geom.)

Defn: A curve such that the part of the tangent between the point of
tangency and a given straight line is constant; -- so called because
it was conceived as described by the motion of one end of a tangent
line as the other end was drawn along the given line.

TRAD
Trad, obs.

Defn: imp. of Tread. Chaucer.

TRADE
Trade, n. Etym: [Formerly, a path, OE. tred a footmark. See Tread, n.
& v.]

1. A track; a trail; a way; a path; also, passage; travel; resort.
[Obs.]
A postern with a blind wicket there was, A common trade to pass
through Priam's house. Surrey.
Hath tracted forth some salvage beastes trade. Spenser.
Or, I'll be buried in the king's highway, Some way of common trade,
where subjects' feet May hourly trample on their sovereign's head.
Shak.

2. Course; custom; practice; occupation; employment. [Obs.] "The
right trade of religion." Udall.
There those five sisters had continual trade. Spenser.
Long did I love this lady, Long was my travel, long my trade to win
her. Massinger.
Thy sin's not accidental but a trade. Shak.

3. Business of any kind; matter of mutual consideration; affair;
dealing. [Obs.]
Have you any further trade with us Shak.

4. Specifically: The act or business of exchanging commodities by
barter, or by buying and selling for money; commerce; traffic;
barter.

Note: Trade comprehends every species of exchange or dealing, either
in the produce of land, in manufactures, in bills, or in money; but
it is chiefly used to denote the barter or purchase and sale of
goods, wares, and merchandise, either by wholesale or retail. Trade
is either foreign or domestic. Foreign trade consists in the
exportation and importation of goods, or the exchange of the
commodities of different countries. Domestic, or home, trade is the
exchange, or buying and selling, of goods within a country. Trade is
also by the wholesale, that is, by the package or in large
quantities, generally to be sold again, or it is by retail, or in
small parcels. The carrying trade is the business of transporting
commodities from one country to another, or between places in the
same country, by land or water.

5. The business which a person has learned, and which he engages in,
for procuring subsistence, or for profit; occupation; especially,
mechanical employment as distinguished from the liberal arts, the
learned professions, and agriculture; as, we speak of the trade of a
smith, of a carpenter, or mason, but not now of the trade of a
farmer, or a lawyer, or a physician.
Accursed usury was all his trade. Spenser.
The homely, slighted, shepherd's trade. Milton.
I will instruct thee in my trade. Shak.

6. Instruments of any occupation. [Obs.]
The house and household goods, his trade of war. Dryden.

7. A company of men engaged in the same occupation; thus, booksellers
and publishers speak of the customs of the trade, and are
collectively designated as the trade.

8. pl.

Defn: The trade winds.

9. Refuse or rubbish from a mine. [Prov. Eng.]

Syn.
 -- Profession; occupation; office; calling; avocation; employment;
commerce; dealing; traffic. Board of trade. See under Board.
 -- Trade dollar. See under Dollar.
 -- Trade price, the price at which goods are sold to members of the
same trade, or by wholesale dealers to retailers. Trade sale, an
auction by and for the trade, especially that of the booksellers.
 -- Trade wind, a wind in the torrid zone, and often a little beyond
at, which blows from the same quarter throughout the year, except
when affected by local causes; -- so called because of its usefulness
to navigators, and hence to trade.

Note: The general direction of the trade winds is from N. E. to S. W.
on the north side of the equator, and from S. E. to N. W. on the
south side of the equator. They are produced by the joint effect of
the rotation of the earth and the movement of the air from the polar
toward the equatorial regions, to supply the vacancy caused by
heating, rarefaction, and consequent ascent of the air in the latter
regions. The trade winds are principally limited to two belts in the
tropical regions, one on each side of the equator, and separated by a
belt which is characterized by calms or variable weather.

TRADE
Trade, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Traded; p. pr. & vb. n. Trading.]

1. To barter, or to buy and sell; to be engaged in the exchange,
purchase, or sale of goods, wares, merchandise, or anything else; to
traffic; to bargain; to carry on commerce as a business.
A free port, where nations . . . resorted with their goods and
traded. Arbuthnot.

2. To buy and sell or exchange property in a single instance.

3. To have dealings; to be concerned or associated; -- usually
followed by with.
How did you dare to trade and traffic with Macbeth Shak.

TRADE
Trade, v. t.

Defn: To sell or exchange in commerce; to barter.
They traded the persons of men. Ezek. xxvii. 13.
To dicker and to swop, to trade rifles and watches. Cooper.

TRADE
Trade, obs.

Defn: imp. of Tread.

TRADED
Trad"ed, a.

Defn: Professional; practiced. [Obs.] Shak.

TRADEFUL
Trade"ful, a.

Defn: Full of trade; busy in traffic; commercial. Spenser.

TRADELESS
Trade"less, a.

Defn: Having no trade or traffic. Young.

TRADE-MARK
Trade"-mark`, n.

Defn: A peculiar distinguishing mark or device affixed by a
manufacturer or a merchant to his goods, the exclusive right of using
which is recognized by law.

TRADE NAME
Trade name.

1.
 (a) The name by which an article is called among traders, etc.; as,
tin spirits is a common trade name in the dyeing industry for various
solutions of tin salts.
 (b) An invented or arbitrary adopted name given by a manufacturer or
merchant to an article to distinguish it as produced or sold by him.

2.  The name or style under which a concern or firm does business.
This name becomes a part of the good will of a business; it is not
protected by the registration acts, but a qualified common-law
protection against its misuse exists, analogous to that existing in
the case of trade-marks.

TRADER
Trad"er, n.

1. One engaged in trade or commerce; one who makes a business of
buying and selling or of barter; a merchant; a trafficker; as, a
trader to the East Indies; a country trader.

2. A vessel engaged in the coasting or foreign trade.

TRADESCANTIA
Trad`es*can"ti*a, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus including spiderwort and Wandering Jew.

TRADESFOLK
Trades"folk`, n.

Defn: People employed in trade; tradesmen. [R.] Swift.

TRADESMAN
Trades"man, n.; pl. Tradesmen (.

1. One who trades; a shopkeeper.

2. A mechanic or artificer; esp., one whose livelihood depends upon
the labor of his hands. [U.S.] Burrill.

TRADESPEOPLE
Trades"peo`ple, n.

Defn: People engaged in trade; shopkeepers.

TRADES UNION; TRADE UNION
trades" un`ion, or Trade" un`ion.

Defn: An organized combination among workmen for the purpose of
maintaining their rights, privileges, and interests with respect to
wages, hours of labor, customs, etc.

TRADES-UNIONIST; TRADE-UNIONIST
Trades"-un`ion*ist, or Trade"-un`ion*ist, n.

Defn: A member of a trades union, or a supporter of trades unions.

TRADESWOMAN
Trades"wom`an, n.; pl. Tradeswomen (.

Defn: A woman who trades, or is skilled in trade.

TRADING
Trad"ing, a.

1. Carrying on trade or commerce; engaged in trade; as, a trading
company.

2. Frequented by traders. [R.] "They on the trading flood." Milton.

3. Venal; corrupt; jobbing; as, a trading politician.

TRADITION
Tra*di"tion, n. Etym: [OE. tradicioun, L. traditio, from tradere to
give up, transmit. See Treason, Traitor.]

1. The act of delivering into the hands of another; delivery. "A deed
takes effect only from the tradition or delivery." Blackstone.

2. The unwritten or oral delivery of information, opinions,
doctrines, practices, rites, and customs, from father to son, or from
ancestors to posterity; the transmission of any knowledge, opinions,
or practice, from forefathers to descendants by oral communication,
without written memorials.

3. Hence, that which is transmitted orally from father to son, or
from ancestors to posterity; knowledge or belief transmitted without
the aid of written memorials; custom or practice long observed.
Will you mock at an ancient tradition begun upon an honorable respect
Shak.
Naught but tradition remains of the beautiful village of Grand-Pré.
Longfellow.

4. (Theol.)
(a) An unwritten code of law represented to have been given by God to
Moses on Sinai.
Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition, which
ye have delivered. Mark vii. 13.

(b) That body of doctrine and discipline, or any article thereof,
supposed to have been put forth by Christ or his apostles, and not
committed to writing.
Stand fast, and hold the traditions which ye have been taught,
whether by word or our epistle. 2 Thess. ii. 15.
Tradition Sunday (Eccl.), Palm Sunday; -- so called because the creed
was then taught to candidates for baptism at Easter.

TRADITION
Tra*di"tion, v. t.

Defn: To transmit by way of tradition; to hand down. [Obs.]
The following story is . . . traditioned with very much credit
amongst our English Catholics. Fuller.

TRADITIONAL
Tra*di"tion*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. traditionnel, LL. traditionalis.]

1. Of or pertaining to tradition; derived from tradition;
communicated from ancestors to descendants by word only; transmitted
from age to age without writing; as, traditional opinions;
traditional customs; traditional expositions of the Scriptures.

2. Observant of tradition; attached to old customs; old-fashioned.
[R.] Shak.

TRADITIONALISM
Tra*di"tion*al*ism, n.

Defn: A system of faith founded on tradition; esp., the doctrine that
all religious faith is to be based solely upon what is delivered from
competent authority, exclusive of rational processes.

TRADITIONALIST
Tra*di"tion*al*ist, n.

Defn: An advocate of, or believer in, traditionalism; a traditionist.

TRADITIONALLY
Tra*di"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a traditional manner.

TRADITIONARILY
Tra*di"tion*a*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: By tradition.

TRADITIONARY
Tra*di"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Traditional.
The reveries of the Talmud, a collection of Jewish traditionary
interpolations. Buckminster.

TRADITIONARY
Tra*di"tion*a*ry, n.; pl. Traditionaries (. Etym: [Cf. F.
traditionnare.]

Defn: One, among the Jews, who acknowledges the authority of
traditions, and explains the Scriptures by them.

TRADITIONER; TRADITIONIST
Tra*di"tion*er, Tra*di"tion*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. traditionniste.]

Defn: One who adheres to tradition.

TRADITIVE
Trad"i*tive, a. Etym: [L. tradere, traditum, to transmit, give up:
cf. F. traditif.]

Defn: Transmitted or transmissible from father to son, or from age,
by oral communication; traditional. [R.] Jer. Taylor.
Suppose we on things traditive divide. Dryden.

TRADITOR
Trad"i*tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. tradere, traditum. See Traitor.] (Eccl.
Hist.)

Defn: A deliverer; -- a name of infamy given to Christians who
delivered the Scriptures, or the goods of the church, to their
persecutors to save their lives. Milner.

TRADUCE
Tra*duce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Traduced; p. pr. & vb. n. Traducing.]
Etym: [L. traducere, traductum, to lead across, lead along, exhibit
as a spectacle, disgrace, transfer, derive; trans across, over +
ducere to lead: cf. F. traduire to transfer, translate, arraign, fr.
L. traducere. See Duke.]

1. To transfer; to transmit; to hand down; as, to traduce mental
qualities to one's descendants. [Obs.] Glanvill.

2. To translate from one language to another; as, to traduce and
compose works. [Obs.] Golden Boke.

3. To increase or distribute by propagation. [Obs.]
From these only the race of perfect animals were propagated and
traduced over the earth. Sir M. Hale.

4. To draw away; to seduce. [Obs.]
I can forget the weakness Of the traduced soldiers. Beau. & Fl.

5. To represent; to exhibit; to display; to expose; to make an
example of. [Obs.] Bacon.

6. To expose to contempt or shame; to represent as blamable; to
calumniate; to vilify; to defame.
The best stratagem that Satan hath . . . is by traducing the form and
manner of them [prayers], to bring them into contempt. Hooker.
He had the baseness . . . to traduce me in libel. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- To calumniate; vilify; defame; disparage; detract; depreciate;
decry; slander.

TRADUCEMENT
Tra*duce"ment, n.

Defn: The act of traducing; misrepresentation; ill-founded censure;
defamation; calumny. [R.] Shak.

TRADUCENT
Tra*du"cent, a. Etym: [L. traducens, p. pr. of traducere. See
Traduce.]

Defn: Slanderous. [R.] Entick.

TRADUCER
Tra*du"cer, n.

1. One who traduces; a slanderer; a calumniator. Bp. Hall.

2. One who derives or deduces. [Obs.] Fuller.

TRADUCIAN
Tra*du"cian, n.

Defn: A believer in traducianism.

TRADUCIANISM
Tra*du"cian*ism, n. (Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine that human souls are produced by the act of
generation; -- opposed to creationism, and infusionism.

TRADUCIBLE
Tra*du"ci*ble, a.

1. Capable of being derived or propagated. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

2. Capable of being traduced or calumniated. [R.]

TRADUCINGLY
Tra*du"cing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a traducing manner; by traduction; slanderously.

TRADUCT
Tra*duct", v. t. Etym: [L. traducere, traductum. See Traduce.]

Defn: To derive or deduce; also, to transmit; to transfer. [Obs.]
Fotherby.

TRADUCT
Tra*duct", n.

Defn: That which is traducted; that which is transferred; a
translation. [Obs.] Howell.

TRADUCTION
Tra*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. traductio a transferring: cf. F.
traduction translation. See Traduce.]

1. Transmission from one to another. [Obs.]
Traditional communication and traduction of truths. Sir M. Hale.

2. Translation from one language to another. [Obs.]

3. Derivation by descent; propagation. [R.]
If by traduction came thy mind, Our wonder is the less to find A soul
so charming from a stock so good. Dryden.

4. The act of transferring; conveyance; transportation. [R.] "The
traduction of brutes." Sir M. Hale.

5. Transition. [Obs.] Bacon.

6. (Logic)

Defn: A process of reasoning in which each conclusion applies to just
such an object as each of the premises applies to. Jevons.

TRADUCTIVE
Tra*duc"tive, a.

Defn: Capable of being deduced; derivable. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

TRAFFIC
Traf"fic, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trafficked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Trafficking.] Etym: [F. trafiquer; cf. It. trafficare, Sp. traficar,
trafagar, Pg. traficar, trafegar, trafeguear, LL. traficare; of
uncertain origin, perhaps fr. L. trans across, over + -ficare to make
(see -fy, and cf. G. übermachen to transmit, send over, e. g., money,
wares); or cf. Pg. trasfegar to pour out from one vessel into
another, OPg. also, to traffic, perhaps fr. (assumed) LL. vicare to
exchange, from L. vicis change (cf. Vicar).]

1. To pass goods and commodities from one person to another for an
equivalent in goods or money; to buy or sell goods; to barter; to
trade.

2. To trade meanly or mercenarily; to bargain.

TRAFFIC
Traf"fic, v. t.

Defn: To exchange in traffic; to effect by a bargain or for a
consideration.

TRAFFIC
Traf"fic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. trafic, It. traffico, Sp. tráfico,
tráfago, Pg. tráfego, LL. traficum, trafica. See Traffic, v.]

1. Commerce, either by barter or by buying and selling; interchange
of goods and commodities; trade.
A merchant of great traffic through the world. Shak.
The traffic in honors, places, and pardons. Macaulay.

Note: This word, like trade, comprehends every species of dealing in
the exchange or passing of goods or merchandise from hand to hand for
an equivalent, unless the business of relating may be excepted. It
signifies appropriately foreign trade, but is not limited to that.

2. Commodities of the market. [R.]
You 'll see a draggled damsel From Billingsgate her fishy traffic
bear. Gay.

3. The business done upon a railway, steamboat line, etc., with
reference to the number of passengers or the amount of freight
carried. Traffic return, a periodical statement of the receipts for
goods and passengers, as on a railway line.
 -- Traffic taker, a computer of the returns of traffic on a railway,
steamboat line, etc.

TRAFFICABLE
Traf"fic*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being disposed of in traffic; marketable. [Obs.] Bp.
Hall.

TRAFFICKER
Traf"fick*er, n.

Defn: One who traffics, or carries on commerce; a trader; a merchant.

TRAFFICLESS
Traf"fic*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of traffic, or trade.

TRAFFIC MILE
Traf"fic mile. (Railroad Accounting)

Defn: Any unit of the total obtained by adding the passenger miles
and ton miles in a railroad's transportation for a given period; -- a
term and practice of restricted or erroneous usage.

Traffic mile is a term designed to furnish an excuse for the
erroneous practice of adding together two things (ton miles and
passenger miles) which, being of different kinds, cannot properly be
added.
Hadley.

TRAGACANTH
Trag"a*canth, n. Etym: [L. tragacanthum tragacanth, tragacantha the
plant producing tragacanth, Gr. tragacanthe.]

Defn: A kind of gum procured from a spiny leguminous shrub
(Astragalus gummifer) of Western Asia, and other species of
Astragalus. It comes in hard whitish or yellowish flakes or
filaments, and is nearly insoluble in water, but slowly swells into a
mucilaginous mass, which is used as a substitute for gum arabic in
medicine and the arts. Called also gum tragacanth.

TRAGEDIAN
Tra*ge"di*an, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tragédien.]

1. A writer of tragedy.
Thence what the lofty, grave, tragedians taught. Milton.

2. An actor or player in tragedy. Shak.

TRAGEDIENNE
Tra`gé`dienne", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A woman who plays in tragedy.

TRAGEDIOUS
Tra*ge"di*ous, a.

Defn: Like tragedy; tragical. [Obs.] "Tragedious history." Fabyan.

TRAGEDY
Trag"e*dy, n.; pl. Tragedies. Etym: [OE.tragedie, OF.tragedie, F.
tragédie, L. tragoedia, Gr. trout) + Ode.]

1. A dramatic poem, composed in elevated style, representing a signal
action performed by some person or persons, and having a fatal issue;
that species of drama which represents the sad or terrible phases of
character and life.
Tragedy is to say a certain storie, As olde bookes maken us memorie,
Of him that stood in great prosperitee And is yfallen out of high
degree Into misery and endeth wretchedly. Chaucer.
All our tragedies are of kings and princes. Jer. Taylor.
tragedy is poetry in its deepest earnest; comedy is poetry in
unlimited jest. Coleridge.

2. A fatal and mournful event; any event in which human lives are
lost by human violence, more especially by unauthorized violence.

TRAGIC; TRAGICAL
Trag"ic, Trag"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. tragicus, Gr.tragique.]

1. Of or pertaining to tragedy; of the nature or character of
tragedy; as, a tragic poem; a tragic play or representation.

2. Fatal to life; mournful; terrible; calamitous; as, the tragic
scenes of the French revolution.

3. Mournful; expressive of tragedy, the loss of life, or of sorrow.
Why look you still so stern and tragical Shak.
-- Trag"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Trag"ic*al*ness, n.

TRAGIC
Trag"ic, n.

1. A writer of tragedy. [Obs.]

2. A tragedy; a tragic drama. [Obs.]

TRAGI-COMEDY
Trag`i-com"e*dy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tragicomédie, L. tragicocomoedia.
See Tragic, and Comedy.]

Defn: A kind of drama representing some action in which serious and
comic scenes are blended; a composition partaking of the nature both
of tragedy and comedy.
The noble tragi-comedy of "Measure for Measure." Macaulay.

TRAGI-COMIC; TRAGI-COMICAL
Trag`i-com"ic, Trag`i-com"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. tragi-comique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to tragi-comedy; partaking of grave and comic
scenes.
 -- Trag`-com"ic*al*ly, adv.
Julian felt toward him that tragi-comic sensation which makes us pity
the object which excites it not the less that we are somewhat
inclined to laugh amid our sympathy. Sir W. Scott.

TRAGI-COMI-PASTORAL
Trag`i-com`i-pas"tor*al, a.

Defn: Partaking of the nature of, or combining, tragedy, comedy, and
pastoral poetry. [R.] Gay.

TRAGOPAN
Trag"o*pan, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. tragopan a fabulous Ethiopian bird,
Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of Asiatic pheasants of the genus
Ceriornis. They are brilliantly colored with a variety of tints, the
back and breast are usually covered with white or buff ocelli, and
the head is ornamented with two bright-colored, fleshy wattles. The
crimson tragopan, or horned pheasant (C. satyra), of India is one of
the best-known species.

TRAGUS
Tra"gus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The prominence in front of the external opening of the ear. See
Illust. under Ear.

T RAIL
T" rail`.

Defn: See under T.

TRAIL
Trail, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Trailing.] Etym:
[OE. trailen, OF. trailler to trail a deer, or hunt him upon a cold
scent, also, to hunt or pursue him with a limehound, F. trailler to
trail a fishing line; probably from a derivative of L. trahere to
draw; cf. L. traha a drag, sledge, tragula a kind of drag net, a
small sledge, Sp. trailla a leash, an instrument for leveling the
ground, D. treilen to draw with a rope, to tow, treil a rope for
drawing a boat. See Trace, v. t.]

1. To hunt by the track; to track. Halliwell.

2. To draw or drag, as along the ground.
And hung his head, and trailed his legs along. Dryden.
They shall not trail me through their streets Like a wild beast.
Milton.
Long behind he trails his pompous robe. Pope.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: To carry, as a firearm, with the breech near the ground and the
upper part inclined forward, the piece being held by the right hand
near the middle.

4. To tread down, as grass, by walking through it; to lay flat.
Longfellow.

5. To take advantage of the ignorance of; to impose upon. [Prov.
Eng.]
I presently perceived she was (what is vernacularly termed) trailing
Mrs. Dent; that is, playing on her ignorance. C. Bronte.

TRAIL
Trail, v. i.

1. To be drawn out in length; to follow after.
When his brother saw the red blood trail. Spenser.

2. To grow to great length, especially when slender and creeping upon
the ground, as a plant; to run or climb.

TRAIL
Trail, n.

1. A track left by man or beast; a track followed by the hunter; a
scent on the ground by the animal pursued; as, a deer trail.
They traveled in the bed of the brook, leaving no dangerous trail.
Cooper.
How cheerfully on the false trail they cry! Shak.

2. A footpath or road track through a wilderness or wild region; as,
an Indian trail over the plains.

3. Anything drawn out to a length; as, the trail of a meteor; a trail
of smoke.
When lightning shoots in glittering trails along. Rowe.

4. Anything drawn behind in long undulations; a train. "A radiant
trail of hair." Pope.

5. Anything drawn along, as a vehicle. [Obs.]

6. A frame for trailing plants; a trellis. [Obs.]

7. The entrails of a fowl, especially of game, as the woodcock, and
the like; -- applied also, sometimes, to the entrails of sheep.
The woodcock is a favorite with epicures, and served with its trail
in, is a delicious dish. Baird.

8. (Mil.)

Defn: That part of the stock of a gun carriage which rests on the
ground when the piece is unlimbered. See Illust. of Gun carriage,
under Gun.

9. The act of taking advantage of the ignorance of a person; an
imposition. [Prov. Eng.] Trail boards (Shipbuilding), the carved
boards on both sides of the cutwater near the figurehead.
 -- Trail net, a net that is trailed or drawn behind a boat. Wright.

TRAILER
Trail"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, trails.

Defn: A part of an object which extends some distance beyond the main
body of the object; as, the trailer of a plant. trailer park. An area
equipped to accommodate trailers (2), often with outlets supplying
electrical power and water. Called also trailer camp, trailer court.

TRAILING
Trail"ing,

Defn: a. & vb. n. from Trail. Trailing arbutus. (Bot.) See under
Arbutus.
 -- Trailing spring, a spring fixed in the axle box of the trailing
wheels of a locomotive engine, and so placed as to assist in
deadening any shock which may occur. Weale.
 -- Trailing wheel, a hind wheel of a locomotive when it is not a
driving wheel; also, one of the hind wheels of a carriage.

TRAILING EDGE
Trail"ing edge. (Aëronautics)

Defn: A following edge. See Advancing edge, above.

TRAIL ROPE
Trail rope. (Aëronautics)

Defn: Same as Guide rope, above.

TRAIN
Train, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trained; p. pr. & vb. n. Training.] Etym:
[OF. trahiner, traïner,F. traîner, LL. trahinare, trainare, fr. L.
trahere to draw. See Trail.]

1. To draw along; to trail; to drag.
In hollow cube Training his devilish enginery. Milton.

2. To draw by persuasion, artifice, or the like; to attract by
stratagem; to entice; to allure. [Obs.]
If but a dozen French Were there in arms, they would be as a call To
train ten thousand English to their side. Shak.
O, train me not, sweet mermaid, with thy note. Shak.
This feast, I'll gage my life, Is but a plot to train you to your
ruin. Ford.

3. To teach and form by practice; to educate; to exercise; to
discipline; as, to train the militia to the manual exercise; to train
soldiers to the use of arms.
Our trained bands, which are the trustiest and most proper strength
of a free nation. Milton.
The warrior horse here bred he's taught to train. Dryden.

4. To break, tame, and accustom to draw, as oxen.

5. (Hort.)

Defn: To lead or direct, and form to a wall or espalier; to form to a
proper shape, by bending, lopping, or pruning; as, to train young
trees.
He trained the young branches to the right hand or to the left.
Jeffrey.

6. (Mining)

Defn: To trace, as a lode or any mineral appearance, to its head. To
train a gun (Mil. & Naut.), to point it at some object either forward
or else abaft the beam, that is, not directly on the side. Totten.
 -- To train, or To train up, to educate; to teach; to form by
instruction or practice; to bring up.
Train up a child in the way he should go; and when he is old, he will
not depart from it. Prov. xxii. 6.
The first Christians were, by great hardships, trained up for glory.
Tillotson.

TRAIN
Train, v. i.

1. To be drilled in military exercises; to do duty in a military
company.

2. To prepare by exercise, diet, instruction, etc., for any physical
contest; as, to train for a boat race.

TRAIN
Train, n. Etym: [F. train, OF. traïn, trahin; cf. (for some of the
senses) F. traine. See Train, v.]

1. That which draws along; especially, persuasion, artifice, or
enticement; allurement. [Obs.] "Now to my charms, and to my wily
trains." Milton.

2. Hence, something tied to a lure to entice a hawk; also, a trap for
an animal; a snare. Halliwell.
With cunning trains him to entrap un wares. Spenser.

3. That which is drawn along in the rear of, or after, something;
that which is in the hinder part or rear. Specifically : --
(a) That part of a gown which trails behind the wearer.
(b) (Mil.) The after part of a gun carriage; the trail.
(c) The tail of a bird. "The train steers their flights, and turns
their bodies, like the rudder of ship." Ray.

4. A number of followers; a body of attendants; a retinue; a suite.
The king's daughter with a lovely train. Addison.
My train are men of choice and rarest parts. Shak.

5. A consecution or succession of connected things; a series. "A
train of happy sentiments." I. Watts.
The train of ills our love would draw behind it. Addison.
Rivers now Stream and perpetual draw their humid train. Milton.
Other truths require a train of ideas placed in order. Locke.

6. Regular method; process; course; order; as, things now in a train
for settlement.
If things were once in this train, . . . our duty would take root in
our nature. Swift.

7. The number of beats of a watch in any certain time.

8. A line of gunpowder laid to lead fire to a charge, mine, or the
like.

9. A connected line of cars or carriages on a railroad.

10. A heavy, long sleigh used in Canada for the transportation of
merchandise, wood, and the like.

11. (Rolling Mill)

Defn: A roll train; as, a 12-inch train. Roll train, or Train of
rolls (Rolling Mill), a set of plain or grooved rolls for rolling
metal into various forms by a series of consecutive operations.
 -- Train mile (Railroads), a unit employed in estimating running
expenses, etc., being one of the total number of miles run by all the
trains of a road, or system of roads, as within a given time, or for
a given expenditure; -- called also mile run.
 -- Train of artillery, any number of cannon, mortars, etc., with the
attendants and carriages which follow them into the field. Campbell
(Dict. Mil. Sci.).
 -- Train of mechanism, a series of moving pieces, as wheels and
pinions, each of which is follower to that which drives it, and
driver to that which follows it.
 -- Train road, a slight railway for small cars, -- used for
construction, or in mining.
 -- Train tackle (Naut.), a tackle for running guns in and out.

Syn.
 -- Cars.
 -- Train, Cars. Train is the word universally used in England with
reference to railroad traveling; as, I came in the morning train. In
the United States, the phrase the cars has been extensively
introduced in the room of train; as, the cars are late; I came in the
cars. The English expression is obviously more appropriate, and is
prevailing more and more among Americans, to the exclusion of the
cars.

TRAINABLE
Train"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being trained or educated; as, boys trainable to
virtue. Richardson.

TRAINBAND
Train"band`, n.; pl. Trainbands (.

Defn: A band or company of an organized military force instituted by
James I. and dissolved by Charles II.; -- afterwards applied to the
London militia. [Eng.]
He felt that, without some better protection than that of the
trainbands and Beefeaters, his palace and person would hardly be
secure. Macaulay.
A trainband captain eke was he Of famous London town. Cowper.

TRAINBEARER
Train"bear`er, n.

Defn: One who holds up a train, as of a robe.

TRAIN DISPATCHER
Train dispatcher.

Defn: An official who gives the orders on a railroad as to the
running of trains and their right of way.

TRAINEL
Train"el, n. Etym: [OF.]

Defn: A dragnet. [Obs.] Holland.

TRAINER
Train"er, n.

1. One who trains; an instructor; especially, one who trains or
prepares men, horses, etc., for exercises requiring physical agility
and strength.

2. A militiaman when called out for exercise or discipline. [U. S.]
Bartlett.

TRAINING
Train"ing, n.

Defn: The act of one who trains; the act or process of exercising,
disciplining, etc.; education. Fan training (Hort.), the operation of
training fruit trees, grapevines, etc., so that the branches shall
radiate from the stem like a fan.
 -- Horizontal training (Hort.), the operation of training fruit
trees, grapevines, etc., so that the branches shall spread out
laterally in a horizontal direction.
 -- Training college. See Normal school, under Normal, a.
 -- Training day, a day on which a military company assembles for
drill or parade. [U. S.] -- Training ship, a vessel on board of which
boys are trained as sailors.

Syn.
 -- See Education.

TRAIN OIL
Train" oil` (oil`). Etym: [D. or LG. traan train oil, blubber (cf.
Dan. & Sw. tran, G. thran) + E. oil.]

Defn: Oil procured from the blubber or fat of whales, by boiling.

TRAINY
Train"y, a.

Defn: Belonging to train oil. [Obs.] Gay.

TRAIPSE
Traipse, v. i. Etym: [Cf. G. trapsen, trappsen, trappen, to tread
noisily, to walk stamping. See Trample, Trape.]

Defn: To walk or run about in a slatternly, careless, or thoughtless
manner. [Colloq.] Pope.

TRAIS; TRAYS
Trais, Trays, n. pl.

Defn: Traces. [Obs.]
Four white bulls in the trays. Chaucer.

TRAIT
Trait, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. tractus, fr. trahere to draw. See Trace,
v., and cf. Tract a region, Trace a strap, Tret.]

1. A stroke; a touch.
By this single trait Homer makes an essential difference between the
Iliad and Odyssey. Broome.

2. A distinguishing or marked feature; a peculiarity; as, a trait of
character.

Note: Formerly pronounced tra, as in French, and still so pronounced
to some extent in England.

TRAITEUR
Trai`teur", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The keeper of an eating house, or restaurant; a restaurateur.
Simmonds.

TRAITOR
Trai"tor, n. Etym: [OE. traitour, OF. traïtor, traïteur, F. treître,
L. traditor, fr. tradere, traditum, to deliver, to give up or
surrender treacherously, to betray; trans across, over + dare to
give. See Date time, and cf. Betray,Tradition, Traditor, Treason.]

1. One who violates his allegiance and betrays his country; one
guilty of treason; one who, in breach of trust, delivers his country
to an enemy, or yields up any fort or place intrusted to his defense,
or surrenders an army or body of troops to the enemy, unless when
vanquished; also, one who takes arms and levies war against his
country; or one who aids an enemy in conquering his country. See
Treason.
O passing traitor, perjured and unjust! Shak.

2. Hence, one who betrays any confidence or trust; a betrayer. "This
false traitor death." Chaucer.

TRAITOR
Trai"tor, a.

Defn: Traitorous. [R.] Spenser. Pope.

TRAITOR
Trai"tor, v. t.

Defn: To act the traitor toward; to betray; to deceive. [Obs.] " But
time, it traitors me." Lithgow.

TRAITORESS
Trai"tor*ess, n.

Defn: A traitress. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

TRAITORLY
Trai"tor*ly, a.

Defn: Like a traitor; treacherous; traitorous. [Obs.] "Traitorly
rascals." Shak.

TRAITOROUS
Trai"tor*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. traîtreux.]

1. Guilty of treason; treacherous; perfidious; faithless; as, a
traitorous officer or subject. Shak.

2. Consisting in treason; partaking of treason; implying breach of
allegiance; as, a traitorous scheme.
 -- Trai"tor*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Trai"tor*ous*ness, n.

TRAITORY
Trai"tor*y, n.

Defn: Treachery. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TRAITRESS
Trai"tress, n. Etym: [F. traîtresse.]

Defn: A woman who betrays her country or any trust; a traitoress.
Dryden.

TRAJECT
Tra*ject", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trajected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Trajecting.] Etym: [L. trajectus, p. p. of trajicere to throw across;
trans across + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.]

Defn: To throw or cast through, over, or across; as, to traject the
sun's light through three or more cross prisms. [R.] Sir I. Newton.

TRAJECT
Traj"ect, n. Etym: [L. trajectus, fr. trajicere: cf. F. trajet, OF.
traject. See Traject, v. t.]

1. A place for passing across; a passage; a ferry. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

2. The act of trajecting; trajection.

3. A trajectory. [R.] I. Taylor.

TRAJECTION
Tra*jec"tion, n. Etym: [L. trajectio a crossing over, transposition.]

1. The act of trajecting; a throwing or casting through or across;
also, emission. Boyle.

2. Transposition. [R.] Knatchbull.

TRAJECTORY
Tra*ject"o*ry, n.; pl. Trajectories. Etym: [Cf. F. trajectoire.]

Defn: The curve which a body describes in space, as a planet or comet
in its orbit, or stone thrown upward obliquely in the air.

TRAJET; TRAJETOUR; TRAJETRY
Tra"jet, Tra"jet*our, Tra"jet*ry, n.

Defn: See Treget, Tregetour, and Tregetry. [Obs.]

TRALATION
Tra*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. tralatio, translatio.See Translation.]

Defn: The use of a word in a figurative or extended sense; ametaphor;
a trope. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

TRALATITION
Tral`a*ti"tion, n. Etym: [See Tralatitious.]

Defn: A change, as in the use of words; a metaphor.

TRALATITIOUS
Tral`a*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. tralatitius, translatitius,
tralaticius, translaticius. See Tralation.]

1. Passed along; handed down; transmitted.
Among biblical critics a tralatitious interpretation is one received
by expositor from expositor. W. Withington.

2. Metaphorical; figurative; not literal. Stackhouse.

TRALATITIOUSLY
Tral`a*ti"tious*ly

Defn: , adv. In a tralatitious manner; metephorically. Holder.

TRALINEATE
Tra*lin"e*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. trans across + linea a line: cf. It
tralineare, tralignare.]

Defn: To deviate; to stray; to wander. [Obs.] Dryden.

TRALUCENCY
Tra*lu"cen*cy, n.

Defn: Translucency; as, the tralucency of a gem. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

TRALUCENT
Tra*lu"cent, a. Etym: [L. tralucens, translucens, p. pr. See
Translucent.]

Defn: Translucent. [Obs.]
The air's tralucent gallery. Sir. J. Davies.

TRAM
Tram, n. Etym: [Prov. E. tram a coal wagon, the shaft of a cart or
carriage, a beam or bar; probably of Scand, origin; cf. OSw. tråm,
trum, a beam, OD. drom, Prov. & OHG. tram.]

1. A four-wheeled truck running on rails, and used in a mine, as for
carrying coal or ore.

2. The shaft of a cart. [Prov. Eng.] De Quincey.

3. One of the rails of a tramway.

4. A car on a horse railroad. [Eng.] Tram car, a car made to run on a
tramway, especially a street railway car.
 -- Tram plate, a flat piece of iron laid down as a rail.
 -- Tram pot (Milling), the step and support for the lower end of the
spindle of a millstone.

TRAM
Tram, n. Etym: [Sp. trama weft, or F. trame.]

Defn: A silk thread formed of two or more threads twisted together,
used especially for the weft, or cross threads, of the best quality
of velvets and silk goods.

TRAMA
Tra"ma, n. [L., woof.] (Bot.)

Defn: The loosely woven substance which lines the chambers within the
gleba in certain Gasteromycetes.

TRAMBLE
Tram"ble, v. t. (Mining)

Defn: To wash, as tin ore, with a shovel in a frame fitted for the
purpose. Smart.

TRAMMEL
Tram"mel, n. Etym: [F. tramail, trémail, a net, LL. tremaculum,
tremacle, a kind of net for taking fish; L. tres three + macula a
mesh. See Three, and Mail armor.]

1. A kind of net for catching birds, fishes, or other prey. Carew.

2. A net for confining a woman's hair. Spenser.

3. A kind of shackle used for regulating the motions of a horse and
making him amble.

4. Fig.: Whatever impedes activity, progress, or freedom, as a net or
shackle.
[They] disdain the trammels of any sordid contract. Jeffrey.

5. An iron hook of various forms and sizes, used for handing kettles
and other vessels over the fire.

6. (Mech.)
(a) An instrument for drawing ellipses, one part of which consists of
a cross with two grooves at right angles to each other, the other
being a beam carrying two pins (which slide in those grooves), and
also the describing pencil.
(b) A beam compass. See under Beam.

TRAMMEL
Tram"mel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trammeled or Trammelled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Trammeling, or Trammelling.]

1. To entangle, as in a net; to catch. [R.] Shak.

2. To confine; to hamper; to shackle.

TRAMMELED
Tram"meled, a. (Man.)

Defn: Having blazes, or white marks, on the fore and hind foot of one
side, as if marked by trammels; -- said of a horse. [Written also
trammelled.]

TRAMMELER
Tram"mel*er, n. Etym: [Written also trammeller.]

1. One who uses a trammel net. Nares.

2. One who, or that which, trammels or restrains.

TRAMMEL WHEEL
Tram"mel wheel`. (Mach.)

Defn: A circular plate or a cross, with two or more cross grooves
intersecting at the center, used on the end of a shaft to transmit
motion to another shaft not in line with the first.

TRAMMING
Tram"ming, n. (Silk Manuf.)

Defn: The act or process of forming trams. See 2d Tram.

TRAMONTANA
Tra`mon*ta"na, n. [It. See Tramontane.] (Meteor.)

Defn: A dry, cold, violent, northerly wind of the Adriatic.

TRAMONTANE
Tra*mon"tane, a. Etym: [OF. tramontain, It. tramontano, L.
transmontanus; trans across, beyond + mons, montis, mountain.]

Defn: Lying or being beyond the mountains; coming from the other side
of the mountains; hence, foreign; barbarous.

Note: The Italians sometimes use this epithet for ultramontane, and
apply it to the countries north of the Alps, as France and Germany,
and especially to their ecclesiastics, jurists, painters, etc.; and a
north wind is called a tramontane wind. The French lawyers call
certain Italian canonists tramontane, or ultramontane, doctors;
considering them as favoring too much the court of Rome. See
Ultramontane.

TRAMONTANE
Tra*mon"tane, n.

Defn: One living beyond the mountains; hence, a foreigner; a
stranger.

TRAMP
Tramp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tramped; p. pr. & vb. n. Tramping.] Etym:
[OE. trampen; akin to LG. trampen, G. trampeln, LG. & D. trappen,
Dan. trampe, Sw. & Icel. trampa, Goth. anatrimpan to press upon; also
to D. trap a step, G. treppe steps, stairs. Cf. Trap a kind of rock,
Trape, Trip, v. i., Tread.]

1. To tread upon forcibly and repeatedly; to trample.

2. To travel or wander through; as, to tramp the country. [Colloq.]

3. To cleanse, as clothes, by treading upon them in water. [Scot.]
Jamieson.

TRAMP
Tramp, v. i.

Defn: To travel; to wander; to stroll.

TRAMP
Tramp, n.

1. A foot journey or excursion; as, to go on a tramp; a long tramp.
Blackie.

2. A foot traveler; a tramper; often used in a bad sense for a
vagrant or wandering vagabond. Halliwell.

3. The sound of the foot, or of feet, on the earth, as in marching.
Sir W. Scott.

4. A tool for trimming hedges.

5. A plate of iron worn to protect the sole of the foot, or the shoe,
when digging with a spade.

TRAMPER
Tramp"er, n.

Defn: One who tramps; a stroller; a vagrant or vagabond; a tramp.
Dickens.

TRAMPLE
Tram"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trampled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trampling.]
Etym: [OE. trampelen, freq. of trampen. See Tramp, v. t.]

1. To tread under foot; to tread down; to prostrate by treading; as,
to trample grass or flowers. Dryden.
Neither cast ye your pearls before swine, lest they trample them
under their feet. Matt. vii. 6.

2. Fig.: To treat with contempt and insult. Cowper.

TRAMPLE
Tram"ple, v. i.

1. To tread with force and rapidity; to stamp.

2. To tread in contempt; -- with on or upon.
Diogenes trampled on Plato's pride with greater of his own. Gov. of
Tongue.

TRAMPLE
Tram"ple, n.

Defn: The act of treading under foot; also, the sound produced by
trampling. Milton.
The huddling trample of a drove of sheep. Lowell.

TRAMPLER
Tram"pler, n.

Defn: One who tramples; one who treads down; as, a trampler on
nature's law. Cowper.

TRAMPOOSE
Tram*poose", v. i. Etym: [See Tramp, Trample, and Traipse.]

Defn: To walk with labor, or heavily; to tramp. [Law, U. S.]
Bartlett.

TRAMRAIL
Tram"rail`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: An overhead rail forming a track on which a trolley runs to
convey a load, as in a shop.

TRAMROAD
Tram"road`, n. Etym: [Tram a coal wagon + road.]

Defn: A road prepared for easy transit of trams or wagons, by forming
the wheel tracks of smooth beams of wood, blocks of stone, or plates
of iron.

TRAMWAY
Tram"way`, n.

1. Same as Tramroad.

2. A railway laid in the streets of a town or city, on which cars for
passengers or for freight are drawn by horses; a horse railroad.

TRANATION
Tra*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. tranare, transnare, to swim over; trans
across, over + nare to swim.]

Defn: The act of swimming over. [Obs.] Bailey.

TRANCE
Trance, n. Etym: [F. transe fright, in OF. also, trance or swoon, fr.
transir to chill, benumb, to be chilled, to shiver, OF. also, to die,
L. transire to pass over, go over, pass away, cease; trans across,
over + ire to go; cf. L. transitus a passing over. See Issue, and cf.
Transit.]

1. A tedious journey. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. A state in which the soul seems to have passed out of the body
into another state of being, or to be rapt into visions; an ecstasy.
And he became very hungry, and would have eaten; but while they made
ready, he fell into a trance. Acts. x. 10.
My soul was ravished quite as in a trance. Spenser.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A condition, often simulating death, in which there is a total
suspension of the power of voluntary movement, with abolition of all
evidences of mental activity and the reduction to a minimum of all
the vital functions so that the patient lies still and apparently
unconscious of surrounding objects, while the pulsation of the heart
and the breathing, although still present, are almost or altogether
imperceptible.
He fell down in a trance. Chaucer.

TRANCE
Trance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tranced; p. pr. & vb. n. Trancing.]

1. To entrance.
And three I left him tranced. Shak.

2. To pass over or across; to traverse. [Poetic]
Trance the world over. Beau. & Fl.
When thickest dark did trance the sky. Tennyson.

TRANCE
Trance, v. i.

Defn: To pass; to travel. [Obs.]

TRANECT
Tran"ect, n. Etym: [Cf. Traject.]

Defn: A ferry. [Obs.] Shak.

TRANGRAM
Tran"gram, n. Etym: [OE. trangrain a strange thing, trangame a toy.
See Tangram.]

Defn: Something intricately contrived; a contrived; a puzzle. [Cant &
Obs.] Arbuthnot.

TRANNEL
Tran"nel, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A treenail. [R.] Moxon.

TRANQUIL
Tran"quil, a. Etym: [L. tranquillus; probably fr. trans across, over
+ a word akin to quietus quiet: cf. F. tranquille. See Quiet.]

Defn: Quiet; calm; undisturbed; peaceful; not agitated; as, the
atmosphere is tranquil; the condition of the country is tranquil.
A style clear, tranquil, easy to follow. De Quincey.

TRANQUILIZATION; TRANQUILLIZATION
Tran`quil*i*za"tion, Tran`quil*li*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of tranquilizing, or the state of being tranquilized.

TRANQUILIZE; TRANQUILLIZE
Tran"quil*ize, Tran"quil*lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tranquilized or
Tranquilliized; p. pr. & vb. n. Tranquilizing or Tranquillizing.]
Etym: [Cf. F. tranquilliser.]

Defn: To render tranquil; to allay when agitated; to compose; to make
calm and peaceful; as, to tranquilize a state disturbed by factions
or civil commotions; to tranquilize the mind.

Syn.
 -- To quiet; compose; still; soothe; appease; calm; pacify.

TRANQUILIZER; TRANQUILLIZER
Tran"quil*i`zer, Tran"quil*li`zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, tranquilizes.

TRANQUILIZING; TRANQUILLIZING
Tran"quil*i`zing, Tran"quil*li`zing, a.

Defn: Making tranquil; calming. " The tranquilizing power of time."
Wordsworth.
 -- Tran"quil*i`zing*ly or Tran"quil*li`zing*ly, adv.

TRANQUILLITY
Tran*quil"li*ty, n. Etym: [F. tranquillité, L. tranquillitas.]

Defn: The quality or state of being tranquil; calmness; composure.

TRANQUILLY
Tran"quil*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tranquil manner; calmly.

TRANQUILNESS
Tran"quil*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being tranquil.

TRANS-
Trans-. Etym: [L. trans across, over.]

Defn: A prefix, signifying over, beyond, through and through, on the
other side, as in transalpine, beyond the Alps; transform, to form
through and through, that is, anew, transfigure.

TRANSACT
Trans*act", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transacted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transacting.] Etym: [L. transactus, p. p. of transigere. See
Transaction.]

Defn: To carry through; to do; perform; to manage; as, to transact
commercial business; to transact business by an agent.

TRANSACT
Trans*act", v. i.

Defn: To conduct matters; to manage affairs. [R.] South.

TRANSACTION
Trans*ac"tion, n. Etym: [L. transactio, fr. transigere, transactum,
to drive through, carry through, accomplish, transact; trans across,
over + agere to drive; cf. F. transaction. See Act, Agent.]

1. The doing or performing of any business; management of any affair;
performance.

2. That which is done; an affair; as, the transactions on the
exchange.

3. (Civil Law)

Defn: An adjustment of a dispute between parties by mutual agreement.
Transaction of a society, the published record of what it has done or
accomplished.

Syn.
 -- Proceeding; action; process.
 -- Transaction, Proceeding. A transaction is something already done
and completed; a proceeding is either something which is now going
on, or, if ended, is still contemplated with reference to its
progress or successive stages.

Note: " We the word proceeding in application to an affray in the
street, and the word transaction to some commercial negotiation that
has been carried on between certain persons. The proceeding marks the
manner of proceeding, as when we speak of the proceedings in a court
of law. The transaction marks the business transacted; as, the
transactions on the Exchange." Crabb.

TRANSACTOR
Trans*act"or, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who transacts, performs, or conducts any business. Derham.

TRANSALPINE
Trans*al"pine, a. Etym: [L. transalpinus; trans across, beyond +
Alpinus Alpine, from Alpes the Alps: cf. F. transalpin.]

Defn: Being on the farther side of the Alps in regard to Rome, that
is, on the north or west side of the Alps; of or pertaining to the
region or the people beyond the Alps; as, transalpine Gaul; --
opposed to cisalpine. " Transalpine garbs." Beau. & Fl.

TRANSALPINE
Trans*al"pine, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of a country beyond the Alps, that is,
out of Italy.

TRANSANIMATE
Trans*an"i*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transanimated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transanimating.] Etym: [Trans- + animate.]

Defn: To animate with a soul conveyed from another body. [R.] Bp. J.
King (1608).

TRANSANIMATION
Trans*an`i*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transanimation.]

Defn: The conveyance of a soul from one body to another. [R.] Fuller.

TRANSATLANTIC
Trans`at*lan"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. trans- + Atlantic: cf. F.
transatlantique.]

1. Lying or being beyond the Atlantic Ocean.

Note: When used by a person in Europe or Africa, transatlantic
signifies being in America; when by a person in America, it denotes
being or lying in Europe or Africa, especially the former.

2. Crossing the Atlantic Ocean.

TRANSAUDIENT
Trans*au"di*ent, a. Etym: [See Trans-, and Audient.]

Defn: Permitting the passage of sound. [R.] Lowell.

TRANSCALENCY
Trans*ca"len*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being transcalent.

TRANSCALENT
Trans*ca"lent, a. Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. calens, p. pr. of calere
to grow warm.]

Defn: Pervious to, or permitting the passage of, heat.

TRANSCEND
Tran*scend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transcended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transcending.] Etym: [L. transcendere, transcensum; trans beyond,
over + scandere to climb. See Scan.]

1. To rise above; to surmount; as, lights in the heavens transcending
the region of the clouds. Howell.

2. To pass over; to go beyond; to exceed.
Such popes as shall transcend their limits. Bacon.

8. To surpass; to outgo; to excel; to exceed.
How much her worth transcended all her kind. Dryden.

TRANSCEND
Tran*scend", v. i.

1. To climb; to mount. [Obs.]

2. To be transcendent; to excel. [R.]

TRANSCENDENCE; TRANSCENDENCY
Tran*scend"ence, Tran*scend"en*cy,Etym: [Cf. L. transcendentia, F.
transcendance.]

1. The quality or state of being transcendent; superior excellence;
supereminence.
The Augustinian theology rests upon the transcendence of Deity at its
controlling principle. A. V. G. Allen.

2. Elevation above truth; exaggeration. [Obs.]
"Where transcendencies are more allowed." Bacon.

TRANSCENDENT
Tran*scend"ent, a. Etym: [L. transcendens, -entis, p. pr. of
transcendere to transcend: cf. F. transcendant, G. transcendent.]

1. Very excellent; superior or supreme in excellence; surpassing
others; as, transcendent worth; transcendent valor.
Clothed with transcendent brightness. Milton.

2. (Kantian Philos.)

Defn: Transcending, or reaching beyond, the limits of human
knowledge; -- applied to affirmations and speculations concerning
what lies beyond the reach of the human intellect.

TRANSCENDENT
Tran*scend"ent, n.

Defn: That which surpasses or is supereminent; that which is very
excellent.

TRANSCENDENTAL
Tran`scen*den"tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. transcendantal, G.
transcendental.]

1. Supereminent; surpassing others; as, transcendental being or
qualities.

2. (Philos.)

Defn: In the Kantian system, of or pertaining to that which can be
determined a priori in regard to the fundamental principles of all
human knowledge. What is transcendental, therefore, transcends
empiricism; but is does not transcend all human knowledge, or become
transcendent. It simply signifies the a priori or necessary
conditions of experience which, though affording the conditions of
experience, transcend the sphere of that contingent knowledge which
is acquired by experience.

3. Vaguely and ambitiously extravagant in speculation, imagery, or
diction.

Note: In mathematics, a quantity is said to be transcendental
relative to another quantity when it is expressed as a transcendental
function of the latter; thus, ax, 102x, log x, sin x, tan x, etc.,
are transcendental relative to x. Transcendental curve (Math.), a
curve in which one ordinate is a transcendental function of the
other.
 -- Transcendental equation (Math.), an equation into which a
transcendental function of one of the unknown or variable quantities
enters.
 -- Transcendental function. (Math.) See under Function.

Syn.
 -- Transcendental, Empirical. These terms, with the corresponding
nouns, transcendentalism and empiricism, are of comparatively recent
origin. Empirical refers to knowledge which is gained by the
experience of actual phenomena, without reference to the principles
or laws to which they are to be referred, or by which they are to be
explained. Transcendental has reference to those beliefs or
principles which are not derived from experience, and yet are
absolutely necessary to make experience possible or useful. Such, in
the better sense of the term, is the transcendental philosophy, or
transcendentalism. Each of these words is also used in a bad sense,
empiricism applying to that one-sided view of knowledge which
neglects or loses sight of the truths or principles referred to
above, and trusts to experience alone; transcendentalism, to the
opposite extreme, which, in its deprecation of experience, loses
sight of the relations which facts and phenomena sustain to
principles, and hence to a kind of philosophy, or a use of language,
which is vague, obscure, fantastic, or extravagant.

TRANSCENDENTAL
Tran`scen*den"tal, n.

Defn: A transcendentalist. [Obs.]

TRANSCENDENTALISM
Tran`scen*den"tal*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transcendantalisme, G.
transcendentalismus.]

1. (Kantian Philos.)

Defn: The transcending, or going beyond, empiricism, and ascertaining
a priori the fundamental principles of human knowledge.

Note: As Schelling and Hegel claim to have discovered the absolute
identity of the objective and subjective in human knowledge, or of
things and human conceptions of them, the Kantian distinction between
transcendent and transcendental ideas can have no place in their
philosophy; and hence, with them, transcendentalism claims to have a
true knowledge of all things, material and immaterial, human and
divine, so far as the mind is capable of knowing them. And in this
sense the word transcendentalism is now most used. It is also
sometimes used for that which is vague and illusive in philosophy.

2. Ambitious and imaginative vagueness in thought, imagery, or
diction.

TRANSCENDENTALIST
Tran`scen*den"tal*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transcendantaliste.]

Defn: One who believes in transcendentalism.

TRANSCENDENTALITY
Tran`scen*den*tal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being transcendental.

TRANSCENDENTALLY
Tran`scen*den"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a transcendental manner.

TRANSCENDENTLY
Tran*scend"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a transcendent manner.

TRANSCENDENTNESS
Tran*scend"ent*ness, n.

Defn: Same as Transcendence.

TRANSCENSION
Tran*scen"sion, n. Etym: [See Transcend.]

Defn: The act of transcending, or surpassing; also, passage over.
[Obs.] Chapman.

TRANSCOLATE
Trans"co*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transcolated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transcolating.] Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. colare, colatum, to filter,
to strain.]

Defn: To cause to pass through a sieve or colander; to strain, as
through a sieve. [Obs.] Harvey.

TRANSCOLATION
Trans`co*la"tion, n.

Defn: Act of transcolating, or state of being transcolated. [Obs.]
Bp. Stillingfleet.

TRANSCONTINENTAL
Trans*con`ti*nen"tal, a. Etym: [Pref. trans- + continental.]

Defn: Extending or going across a continent; as, a transcontinental
railroad or journey.

TRANSCORPORATE
Trans*cor"po*rate, v. i. Etym: [Pref. trans- + corporate.]

Defn: To transmigrate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

TRANSCRIBBLER
Tran*scrib"bler, n.

Defn: A transcriber; -- used in contempt.
He [Aristotle] has suffered vastly from the transcribblers, as all
authors of great brevity necessarily must. Gray.

TRANSCRIBE
Tran*scribe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transcribed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transcribing.] Etym: [L. transcribere, transcriptum; trans across,
over + scribere to write. See Scribe.]

Defn: To write over again, or in the same words; to copy; as, to
transcribe Livy or Tacitus; to transcribe a letter.

TRANSCRIBER
Tran*scrib"er, n.

Defn: One who transcribes, or writes from a copy; a copier; a
copyist.

TRANSCRIPT
Tran"script, n. Etym: [L. transcriptum, neut. of transcriptus, p. p.
transcribere. See Transcribe.]

1. That which has been transcribed; a writing or composition
consisting of the same words as the original; a written copy.
The decalogue of Moses was but a transcript. South.

2. A copy of any kind; an imitation.
The Grecian learning was but a transcript of the Chaldean and
Egyptian. Glanvill.

Defn: A written version of what was said orally; as, a transcript of
a trial.

TRANSCRIPTION
Tran*scrip"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transcription, L. transcriptio a
transfer.]

1. The act or process of transcribing, or copying; as, corruptions
creep into books by repeated transcriptions.

2. A copy; a transcript. Walton.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: An arrangement of a composition for some other instrument or
voice than that for which it was originally written, as the
translating of a song, a vocal or instrumental quartet, or even an
orchestral work, into a piece for the piano; an adaptation; an
arrangement; -- a name applied by modern composes for the piano to a
more or less fanciful and ornate reproduction on their own instrument
of a song or other piece not originally intended for it; as, Listzt's
transcriptions of songs by Schubert.

TRANSCRIPTIVE
Tran*scrip"tive, a.

Defn: Done as from a copy; having the style or appearance of a
transcription. [R.] -- Tran*scrip"tive*ly, adv. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

TRANSCUR
Trans*cur", v. i. Etym: [L. transcurrere, transcursum; trans across,
over + currere to run.]

Defn: To run or rove to and fro. [Obs.] Bacon.

TRANSCURRENCE
Trans*cur"rence, n. Etym: [L. transcurrens, p. pr. of transcurrere.]

Defn: A roving hither and thither.

TRANSCURSION
Trans*cur"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. L. transcursio a passing over. See
Transcur.]

Defn: A rambling or ramble; a passage over bounds; an excursion.
[Obs.] Howell.

TRANSDIALECT
Trans*di"a*lect, v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans- + dialect.]

Defn: To change or translate from one dialect into another. [R.] Bp.
Warburton.

TRANSDUCTION
Trans*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. transducere, traducere, -dictum, to lead
across or over. See Traduce.]

Defn: The act of conveying over. [R.] Entick.

TRANSE
Transe, n.

Defn: See Trance. [Obs.]

TRANSELEMENT; TRANSELEMENTATE
Trans*el"e*ment, Trans*el`e*men"tate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans-
element.]

Defn: To change or transpose the elements of; to transubstantiate.
[Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

TRANSELEMENTATION
Trans*el`e*men*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transélémentation.] (Eccl.)

Defn: Transubstantiation. [Obs.]

TRANSENNE
Tran"senne, n.

Defn: A transom. [Obs.]

TRANSEPT
Tran"sept, n. Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. septum an inclosure. See
Septum.] (Arch.)

Defn: The transversal part of a church, which crosses at right angles
to the greatest length, and between the nave and choir. In the
basilicas, this had often no projection at its two ends. In Gothic
churches these project these project greatly, and should be called
the arms of the transept. It is common, however, to speak of the arms
themselves as the transepts.

TRANSEXION
Tran*sex"ion, n. Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. sexus sex.]

Defn: Change of sex. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

TRANSFEMINATE
Trans*fem"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. femina woman.]

Defn: To change into a woman, as a man. [Obs. & R.] Sir T. Browne.

TRANSFER
Trans*fer", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transferred; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transferring.] Etym: [L. transferre; trans across, over + ferre to
bear: cf. F. transférer. See Bear to carry.]

1. To convey from one place or person another; to transport, remove,
or cause to pass, to another place or person; as, to transfer the
laws of one country to another; to transfer suspicion.

2. To make over the possession or control of; to pass; to convey, as
a right, from one person to another; to give; as, the title to land
is transferred by deed.

3. To remove from one substance or surface to another; as, to
transfer drawings or engravings to a lithographic stone. Tomlinson.

Syn.
 -- To sell; give; alienate; estrange; sequester.

TRANSFER
Trans"fer, n.

1. The act of transferring, or the state of being transferred; the
removal or conveyance of a thing from one place or person to another.

2. (Law)

Defn: The conveyance of right, title, or property, either real or
personal, from one person to another, whether by sale, by gift, or
otherwise.
I shall here only consider it as a transfer of property. Burke.

3. That which is transferred. Specifically: --
(a) A picture, or the like, removed from one body or ground to
another, as from wood to canvas, or from one piece of canvas to
another. Fairholt.
(b) A drawing or writing printed off from one surface on another, as
in ceramics and in many decorative arts.
(c) (Mil.) A soldier removed from one troop, or body of troops, and
placed in another.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A pathological process by virtue of which a unilateral morbid
condition on being abolished on one side of the body makes its
appearance in the corresponding region upon the other side. Transfer
day, one of the days fixed by the Bank of England for the transfer,
free of charge, of bank stock and government funds. These days are
the first five business days in the week before three o'clock.
Transfers may be made on Saturdays on payment of a fee of 2s. 6d.
Bithell.
 -- Transfer office, an office or department where transfers of
stocks, etc., are made.
 -- Transfer paper, a prepared paper used by draughtsmen, engravers,
lithographers, etc., for transferring impressions.
 -- Transfer table. (Railroad) Same as Traverse table. See under
Traverse.

TRANSFERABILITY
Trans*fer`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being transferable.

TRANSFERABLE
Trans*fer"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. transférable.]

1. Capable of being transferred or conveyed from one place or person
to another.

2. Negotiable, as a note, bill of exchange, or other evidence of
property, that may be conveyed from one person to another by
indorsement or other writing; capable of being transferred with no
loss of value; as, the stocks of most public companies are
transferable; some tickets are not transferable.

TRANSFEREE
Trans`fer*ee", n.

Defn: The person to whom a transfer in made.

TRANSFERENCE
Trans"fer*ence, n.

Defn: The act of transferring; conveyance; passage; transfer.

TRANSFEROGRAPHY
Trans`fer*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Transfer + -graphy.]

Defn: The act or process of copying inscriptions, or the like, by
making transfers.

TRANSFERRENCE
Trans*fer"rence, n.

Defn: See Transference.

TRANSFERRER
Trans*fer"rer, n.

Defn: One who makes a transfer or conveyance.

TRANSFERRIBLE
Trans*fer"ri*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being transferred; transferable.

TRANSFIGURATE
Trans*fig"u*rate, v. t.

Defn: To transfigure; to transform. [R.]

TRANSFIGURATION
Trans*fig`u*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. transfiguratio: cf.
transfiguration.]

1. A change of form or appearance; especially, the supernatural
change in the personal appearance of our Savior on the mount.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A feast held by some branches of the Christian church on the
6th of August, in commemoration of the miraculous change above
mentioned.

TRANSFIGURE
Trans*fig"ure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transfigured; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transfiguring.] Etym: [F. transfigurer, L. transfigurare,
transfiguratum; trans across, over + figurare to form, shape. See
Figure, v. t.]

1. To change the outward form or appearance of; to metamorphose; to
transform.

2. Especially, to change to something exalted and glorious; to give
an ideal form to.
[Jesus] was transfigured before them; and his face did shine as the
sun, and his raiment was white as the light. Matt. xvii. 2.

TRANSFIX
Trans*fix", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transfixed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transfixing.] Etym: [L. transfixus, p. p. of transfigure to transfix;
trans across, through + figere to fix, fasten. See Fix.]

Defn: To pierce through, as with a pointed weapon; to impale; as, to
transfix one with a dart.

TRANSFIXION
Trans*fix"ion, n.

Defn: The act of transfixing, or the state of being transfixed, or
pierced. Bp. Hall.

TRANSFLUENT
Trans"flu*ent, a. Etym: [Pref. trans- + fluent.]

1. Flowing or running across or through; as, a transfluent stream.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Passing or flowing through a bridge; -- said of water. Wright.

TRANSFLUX
Trans"flux, n. Etym: [Pref. trans- + flux.]

Defn: A flowing through, across, or beyond. [R.]

TRANSFORATE
Trans"fo*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. transforatus, p. p. of transforare to
pierce through; trans through + forare to bore.]

Defn: To bore through; to perforate. [Obs.]

TRANSFORM
Trans*form", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transformed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transforming.] Etym: [L. transformare, transformatum; trans across,
over + formare to from: cf. F. transformer. See Form, v. t.]

1. To change the form of; to change in shape or appearance; to
metamorphose; as, a caterpillar is ultimately transformed into a
butterfly.
Love may transform me to an oyster. Shak.

2. To change into another substance; to transmute; as, the alchemists
sought to transform lead into gold.

3. To change in nature, disposition, heart, character, or the like;
to convert.
Be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind. Rom. xii. 2.

4. (Math.)

Defn: To change, as an algebraic expression or geometrical figure,
into another from without altering its value.

TRANSFORM
Trans*form", v. i.

Defn: To be changed in form; to be metamorphosed. [R.]
His hair transforms to down. Addison.

TRANSFORMABLE
Trans*form"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being transformed or changed.

TRANSFORMATION
Trans`for*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. transformatio: cf. transformation.]

Defn: The act of transforming, or the state of being transformed;
change of form or condition. Specifically: --(a) (Biol.)

Defn: Any change in an organism which alters its general character
and mode of life, as in the development of the germ into the embryo,
the egg into the animal, the larva into the insect (metamorphosis),
etc.; also, the change which the histological units of a tissue are
prone to undergo. See Metamorphosis.
(b) (Physiol.) Change of one from of material into another, as in
assimilation; metabolism; metamorphosis.
(c) (Alchemy) The imagined possible or actual change of one metal
into another; transmutation. (d) (Theol.)

Defn: A change in disposition, heart, character, or the like;
conversion.
(e) (Math.) The change, as of an equation or quantity, into another
form without altering the value.

TRANSFORMATIVE
Trans*form"a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. transformatif.]

Defn: Having power, or a tendency, to transform.

TRANSFORMER
Trans*form"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, transforms. Specif. (Elec.), an
apparatus for producing from a given electrical current another
current of different voltage.

TRANSFORMISM
Trans*form"ism, n. Etym: [F. transformisme.] (Biol.)

Defn: The hypothesis, or doctrine, that living beings have originated
by the modification of some other previously existing forms of living
matter; -- opposed to abiogenesis. Huxley.

TRANSFREIGHT
Trans*freight", v. i.

Defn: To transfrete. [Obs.] Waterhouse.

TRANSFRETATION
Trans`fre*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. transfretatio. See Transfrete.]

Defn: The act of passing over a strait or narrow sea. [Obs.] Sir J.
Davies.

TRANSFRETE
Trans*frete", v. i. Etym: [L. transfretare; trans across, over +
fretum a strait: cf. OF. transfreter.]

Defn: To pass over a strait or narrow sea. [Written also
transfreight.] [Obs.] E. Hall.

TRANSFUGE; TRANSFUGITIVE
Trans"fuge, Trans*fu"gi*tive, n. Etym: [L. transfuga; trans across,
over + fugere to flee.]

Defn: One who flees from one side to another; hence, a deserter; a
turncoat; an apostate. [R.]

TRANSFUND
Trans*fund", v. t. Etym: [L. transfundere; trans over, across +
fundere to pour, pour out. See Found to cast, and cf. Transfuse.]

Defn: To pour from one vessel into another; to transfuse. [Obs.]
Barrow.

TRANSFUSE
Trans*fuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transfused; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transfusing.] Etym: [L. transfusus, p. p. of transfundere: cf. F.
transfuser. See Transfund.]

1. To pour, as liquid, out of one vessel into another; to transfer by
pouring.

2
2 (Med.)

Defn: To transfer, as blood, from the veins or arteries of one man or
animal to those of another.

3. To cause to pass from to another; to cause to be instilled or
imbibed; as, to transfuse a spirit of patriotism into a man; to
transfuse a love of letters.
Into thee such virtue and grace Immense I have transfused. Milton.

TRANSFUSIBLE
Trans*fu"si*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being transfused; transferable by transfusion.

TRANSFUSION
Trans*fu"sion, n. Etym: [L. transfusio: cf. F. transfusion.]

1. The act of transfusing, or pouring, as liquor, out of one vessel
into another. Howell.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The act or operation of transferring the blood of one man or
animal into the vascular system of another; also, the introduction of
any fluid into the blood vessels, or into a cavity of the body from
which it can readily be adsorbed into the vessels; intrafusion; as,
the peritoneal transfusion of milk.

TRANSFUSIVE
Trans*fu"sive, a.

Defn: Tending to transfuse; having power to transfuse.

TRANSGRESS
Trans*gress", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transgressed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transgressing.] Etym: [Cf. F. transgresser. See Transgression.]

1. To pass over or beyond; to surpass. [R.]
Surpassing common faith, transgressing nature's law. Dryden.

2. Hence, to overpass, as any prescribed as the
For man will hearken to his glozing lies, And easily transgress the
sole command. Milton.

3. To offend against; to vex. [Obs.]
Why give you peace to this imperate beast That hath so long
transgressed you Beau. & Fl.

TRANSGRESS
Trans*gress", v. i.

Defn: To offend against the law; to sin.
Who transgressed in the thing accursed. I Chron. ii. 7.

TRANSGRESSION
Trans*gres"sion, n. Etym: [L. transgressio a going across, going
over, transgression of the law, from transgredi, transgressus, to
step across, go over; trans over, across + gradi to step, walk: cf.
F. transgression. See Grade.]

Defn: The act of transgressing, or of passing over or beyond any law,
civil or moral; the violation of a law or known principle of
rectitude; breach of command; fault; offense; crime; sin.
Forgive thy people . . . all their transgressions wherein they have
transgressed against thee. I Kings viii. 50.
What rests, but that the mortal sentence pass On his transgression,
death denounced that day Milton.
The transgression is in the stealer. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Fault; offense; crime; infringement; misdemeanor; misdeed;
affront; sin.

TRANSGRESSIONAL
Trans*gres"sion*al, a.

Defn: Of pertaining to transgression; involving a transgression.

TRANSGRESSIVE
Trans*gress"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. L. transgressivus passing over into
another class. F. transgressif.]

Defn: Disposed or tending to transgress; faulty; culpable. -

TRANSGRESSIVELY
Trans*gress"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a transgressive manner
Adam, perhaps, . . . from the transgressive infirmities of himself,
might have erred alone. Sir T. Browne.

TRANSGRESSOR
Trans*gress"or, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. transgresseur.]

Defn: One who transgresses; one who breaks a law, or violates a
command; one who violates any known rule or principle of rectitude; a
sinner.
The way of transgressors is hard. Prov. xiii. 15.

TRANSHAPE
Tran*shape", v. t.

Defn: To transshape. [R.] J. Webster (1623).

TRANSHIP
Tran*ship", v. t.

Defn: Same as Transship.

TRANSHIPMENT
Tran*ship"ment, n.

Defn: Same as Transshipment.

TRANSHUMAN
Trans*hu"man, a. Etym: [Pref. trans- + human.]

Defn: More than human; superhuman. [R.]
Words may not tell of that transhuman change. H. F. Cary.

TRANSHUMANIZE
Trans*hu"man*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make more than human; to purity; to elevate above humanity.
[R.]
Souls purified by sorrow and self-denial, transhumanized to the
divine abstraction of pure contemplation. Lowell.

TRANSIENCE; TRANSIENCY
Tran"sience, Tran"sien*cy, n.

Defn: The quality of being transient; transientness.

TRANSIENT
Tran"sient, a. Etym: [L. transiens, -entis, p. pr. of transire,
transitum, to go or pass over. See Trance.]

1. Passing before the sight or perception, or, as it were, moving
over or across a space or scene viewed, and then disappearing; hence,
of short duration; not permanent; not lasting or durable; not
stationary; passing; fleeting; brief; transitory; as, transient
pleasure. "Measured this transient world." Milton.

2. Hasty; momentary; imperfect; brief; as, a transient view of a
landscape.

3. Staying for a short time; not regular or permanent; as, a
transient guest; transient boarders. [Colloq. U.S.]

Syn.
 -- Transient, Transitory, Fleeting. Transient represents a thing as
brief at the best; transitory, as liable at any moment to pass away.
Fleeting goes further, and represents it as in the act of taking its
flight. Life is transient; its joys are transitory; its hours are
fleeting.
What is loose love A transient gust. Pope
If [we love] transitory things, which soon decay, Age must be
loveliest at the latest day. Donne.
O fleeting joys Of Paradise, dear bought with lasting woes. Milton.
-- Tran"sient*ly, adv.
 -- Tran"sient*ness, n.

TRANSIENT
Tran"sient, n.

Defn: That which remains but for a brief time. Glanvill.

TRANSILIENCE; TRANSILIENCY
Tran*sil"i*ence, Tran*sil"i*en*cy, n. Etym: [L. transiliens, p. pr.
of transilire to leap across or over; trans across, over + salire to
leap.]

Defn: A leap across or from one thing to another. [R.] "An unadvised
transiliency." Glanvill.

TRANSIRE
Trans*i"re, n. Etym: [L. transire to pass through or across, to
pass.] (End. Law)

Defn: A customhouse clearance for a coasting vessel; a permit.

TRANSISTHMIAN
Trans*isth"mi*an, a.

Defn: Extending across an isthmus, as at Suez or Panama.

TRANSIT
Trans"it, n. Etym: [L. transitus, from transire to go over: cf. F.
transit. See Transient.]

1. The act of passing; passage through or over.
In France you are now . . . in the transit from one form of
government to another. Burke.

2. The act or process of causing to pass; conveyance; as, the transit
of goods through a country.

3. A line or route of passage or conveyance; as, the Nicaragua
transit. E. G. Squier.

4. (Astron.)
(a) The passage of a heavenly body over the meridian of a place, or
through the field of a telescope.
(b) The passage of a smaller body across the disk of a larger, as of
Venus across the sun's disk, or of a satellite or its shadow across
the disk of its primary.

5. An instrument resembling a theodolite, used by surveyors and
engineers; -- called also transit compass, and surveyor's transit.

Note: The surveyor's transit differs from the theodolite in having
the horizontal axis attached directly to the telescope which is not
mounted in Y's and can be turned completely over about the axis.
Lower transit (Astron.), the passage of a heavenly body across that
part of the meridian which is below the polar axis.
 -- Surveyor's transit. See Transit, 5, above.
 -- Transit circle (Astron.), a transit instrument with a graduated
circle attached, used for observing the time of transit and the
declination at one observation. See Circle, n., 3.
 -- Transit compass. See Transit, 5, above.
 -- Transit duty, a duty paid on goods that pass through a country.
 -- Transit instrument. (Astron.) (a) A telescope mounted at right
angles to a horizontal axis, on which it revolves with its line of
collimation in the plane of the meridian, -- used in connection with
a clock for observing the time of transit of a heavenly body over the
meridian of a place. (b) (Surv.) A surveyor's transit. See Transit,
5, above.
 -- Transit trade (Com.), the business conected with the passage of
goods through a country to their destination.
 -- Upper transit (Astron.), the passage of a heavenly body across
that part of the meridian which is above the polar axis.

TRANSIT
Trans"it, v. t. (Astron.)

Defn: To pass over the disk of (a heavenly body).

TRANSITION
Tran*si"tion, n. Etym: [L. transitio: cf. F. transition. See
Transient.]

1. Passage from one place or state to another; charge; as, the
transition of the weather from hot to cold.
There is no death, what seems so is transition. Longfellow.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A direct or indirect passing from one key to another; a
modulation.

3. (Rhet.)

Defn: A passing from one subject to another.
[He] with transition sweet, new speech resumes. Milton.

4. (Biol.)

Defn: Change from one form to another.

Note: This word is sometimes pronounced tran*sish"un; but according
to Walker, Smart, and most other authorities, the customary and
preferable pronunciation is tran*sizh"un, although this latter mode
violates analogy. Other authorities say tran*zish"un. Transition
rocks (Geol.), a term formerly applied to the lowest uncrystalline
stratified rocks (graywacke) supposed to contain no fossils, and so
called because thought to have been formed when the earth was passing
from an uninhabitable to a habitable state.

TRANSITIONAL
Tran*si"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to transition; involving or denoting
transition; as, transitional changes; transitional stage.

TRANSITIONARY
Tran*si"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Transitional.

TRANSITION ZONE
Tran*si"tion zone. (Biogeography)

Defn: The zone lying between the Boreal and Sonoran zones of North
America. It includes an eastern or humid subdivision and a western
arid one of corresponding temperature comprising the northern Great
Plains and the lower slopes of the mountains of the western United
States and Mexico. Called also Neutral zone.

TRANSITIVE
Tran"si*tive, a. Etym: [L. transitivus: cf. F. transitif. See
Transient.]

1. Having the power of making a transit, or passage. [R.] Bacon.

2. Effected by transference of signification.
By far the greater part of the transitive or derivative applications
of words depend on casual and unaccountable caprices of the feelings
or the fancy. Stewart.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: Passing over to an object; expressing an action which is not
limited to the agent or subject, but which requires an object to
complete the sense; as, a transitive verb, for example, he holds the
book.
 -- Tran"si*tive*ly, adv.
 -- Tran"si*tive*ness, n.

TRANSITORILY
Tran"si*to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a transitory manner; with brief continuance.

TRANSITORINESS
Tran"si*to*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being transitory; speedy passage or
departure.

TRANSITORY
Tran"si*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. transitorius: cf. F. transitoire. See
Transient.]

Defn: Continuing only for a short time; not enduring; fleeting;
evanescent.
Comfort and succor all those who, in this transitory life, are in
trouble. Bk. of Com. Prayer.
It was not the transitory light of a comet, which shines and glows
for a wile, and then . . . vanishes into nothing. South.
Transitory action (Law), an action which may be brought in any
county, as actions for debt, and the like; -- opposed to local
action. Blackstone. Bouvier.

Syn.
 -- transient; short-lived; brief. See Transient.

TRANSLATABLE
Trans*lat"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being translated, or rendered into another language.

TRANSLATE
Trans*late", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Translated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Translating.] Etym: [f. translatus, used as p. p. of transferre to
transfer, but from a different root. See Trans-, and Tolerate, and
cf. Translation.]

1. To bear, carry, or remove, from one place to another; to transfer;
as, to translate a tree. [Archaic] Dryden.
In the chapel of St. Catharine of Sienna, they show her head- the
rest of her body being translated to Rome. Evelyn.

2. To change to another condition, position, place, or office; to
transfer; hence, to remove as by death.

3. To remove to heaven without a natural death.
By faith Enoch was translated, that he should not see death; and was
not found, because God had translatedhim. Heb. xi. 5.

4. (Eccl.)

Defn: To remove, as a bishop, from one see to another. "Fisher,
Bishop of Rochester, when the king would have translated him from
that poor bishopric to a better, . . . refused." Camden.

5. To render into another language; to express the sense of in the
words of another language; to interpret; hence, to explain or
recapitulate in other words.
Translating into his own clear, pure, and flowing language, what he
found in books well known to the world, but too bulky or too dry for
boys and girls. Macaulay.

6. To change into another form; to transform.
Happy is your grace, That can translatethe stubbornness of fortune
Into so quiet and so sweet a style. Shak.

7. (Med.)

Defn: To cause to remove from one part of the body to another; as, to
translate a disease.

8. To cause to lose senses or recollection; to entrance. [Obs.] J.
Fletcher.

TRANSLATE
Trans*late, v. i.

Defn: To make a translation; to be engaged in translation.

TRANSLATION
Trans*la"tion, n. Etym: [F. translation, L. translatio a
transferring, translation, version. See Translate, and cf.
Tralation.]

1. The act of translating, removing, or transferring; removal; also,
the state of being translated or removed; as, the translation of
Enoch; the translation of a bishop.

2. The act of rendering into another language; interpretation; as,
the translation of idioms is difficult.

3. That which is obtained by translating something a version; as, a
translation of the Scriptures.

4. (Rhet.)

Defn: A transfer of meaning in a word or phrase, a metaphor; a
tralation. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

5. (Metaph.)

Defn: Transfer of meaning by association; association of ideas. A.
Tucker.

6. (Kinematics)

Defn: Motion in which all the points of the moving body have at any
instant the same velocity and direction of motion; -- opposed to
rotation.

TRANSLATITIOUS
Trans`la*ti"tious, a. Etym: [See Tralatitious.]

Defn: Metaphorical; tralatitious; also, foreign; exotic. [Obs.]
Evelyn.

TRANSLATIVE
Trans*lat"ive, a. Etym: [L. translativus that is to be transferred:
cf. F. translatif.]

Defn: tropical; figurative; as, a translative sense. [R.] Puttenham.

TRANSLATOR
Trans*lat"or, n. Etym: [L. translator: cf. F. translateur.]

1. One who translates; esp., one who renders into another language;
one who expresses the sense of words in one language by equivalent
words in another.

2. (Teleg.)

Defn: A repeating instrument. [Eng.]

TRANSLATORSHIP
Trans*lat"or*ship, n.

Defn: The office or dignity of a translator.

TRANSLATORY
Trans*lat"o*ry, a.

Defn: Serving to translate; transferring. [R.] Arbuthnot.

TRANSLATRESS
Trans*lat"ress, n.

Defn: A woman who translates.

TRANSLAVATION
Trans`la*va"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. lavatio, -onis,
washing.]

Defn: A laving or lading from one vessel to another. [Obs.] Holland.

TRANSLITERATE
Trans*lit"er*ate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. litera, littera
letter.]

Defn: To express or represent in the characters of another alphabet;
as, to transliterate Sanskrit words by means of English letters. A.
J. Ellis.

TRANSLITERATION
Trans*lit`er*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act or product of transliterating, or of expressing words
of a language by means of the characters of another alphabet.

TRANSLOCATION
Trans`lo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. trans- + location.]

Defn: removal of things from one place to another; substitution of
one thing for another.
There happened certain translocations at the deluge. Woodward.

TRANSLUCENCE; TRANSLUCENCY
Trans*lu"cence, Trans*lu"cen*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being translucent; clearness; partial
transparency. Sir T. Browne.

TRANSLUCENT
Trans*lu"cent, a. Etym: [L. translucens, -entis, p. pr. of
translucere to shine through; trans across, through = lucere to
shine. See Lucid.]

1. Transmitting rays of light without permitting objects to be
distinctly seen; partially transparent.

2. Transparent; clear. [Poetic] "Fountain or fresh current . . .
translucent, pure." Milton.
Replenished from the cool, translucent springs. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Translucent, Transparent. A thing is translucent when it merely
admits the passage of light, without enabling us to distinguish the
color and outline of objects through it; it is transparent when we
can clearly discern objects placed on the other side of it. Glass,
water, etc., are transparent; ground glass is translucent; a
translucent style.

TRANSLUCENTLY
Trans*lu"cent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a translucent manner.

TRANSLUCID
Trans*lu"cid, a. Etym: [L. translucidus; trans across, through +
lucidus lucid: cf. F. translucide. See Translucent.]

Defn: Translucent. [R.] Bacon.

TRANSLUNARY
Trans"lu*na*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. luna moon.]

Defn: Being or lying beyond the moon; hence, ethereal; -- opposed to
sublunary. [Obs.]
Marlowe, bathed in the Thespian springs, Had in him those brave,
translunary things That the first poets had. Drayton.

TRANSMARINE
Trans`ma*rine", a. Etym: [L. transmarinus; trans beyond + marinus
marine: cf. F. transmarin. See Marine.]

Defn: Lying or being beyond the sea. Howell.

TRANSMEABLE; TRANSMEATABLE
Trans"me*a*ble, Trans`me*at"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. transmeabilis.]

Defn: Capable of being passed over or traversed; passable. [Obs.]

TRANSMEATE
Trans"me*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. transmeatus, p. p. of transmeare to
pass across; trans across, over + meare to go.]

Defn: To pass over or beyond. [Obs.]

TRANSMEATION
Trans`me*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of transmeating; a passing through or beyond. [Obs.]

TRANSMEW
Trans*mew", v. t. & i. Etym: [F. transmuer, L. transmutare. See
Transmute.]

Defn: To transmute; to transform; to metamorphose. [Archaic] Chaucer.
Spenser.
To transmew thyself from a holy hermit into a sinful forester. Sir W.
Scott.

TRANSMIGRANT
Trans"mi*grant, a. Etym: [L. transmigrans, p. pr. See Transmigrate.]

Defn: Migrating or passing from one place or state to another;
passing from one residence to another.
 -- n.

Defn: One who transmigrates.

TRANSMIGRATE
Trans"mi*grate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Transmigrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transmigrating.] Etym: [L. transmigrare, transmigratum; trans across
+ migrare to migrate. See Migrate.]

1. To pass from one country or jurisdiction to another for the
purpose of residence, as men or families; to migrate.

2. To pass from one body or condition into another.
Their may transmigrate into each other. Howell.

TRANSMIGRATION
Trans`mi*gra"tion, n. Etym: [F. transmigration, L. transmigratio.]

1. The act of passing from one country to another; migration.

2. The passing of the soul at death into another mortal body;
metempsychosis.

TRANSMIGRATOR
Trans"mi*gra`tor, n.

Defn: One who transmigrates. J. Ellis.

TRANSMIGRATORY
Trans*mi"gra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Passing from one body or state to another.

TRANSMISSIBILITY
Trans*mis`si*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transmissibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being transmissible.

TRANSMISSIBLE
Trans*mis"si*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. transmissible.]

Defn: Capable of being transmitted from one to another; capable of
being passed through any body or substance.

TRANSMISSION
Trans*mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. transmissio; cf. F. transmission. See
Transmit.]

1. The act of transmitting, or the state of being transmitted; as,
the transmission of letters, writings, papers, news, and the like,
from one country to another; the transmission of rights, titles, or
privileges, from father to son, or from one generation to another.

2. (Law)

Defn: The right possessed by an heir or legatee of transmitting to
his successor or successors any inheritance, legacy, right, or
privilege, to which he is entitled, even if he should die without
enjoying or exercising it.

TRANSMISSION DYNAMOMETER
Trans*mis"sion dy`na*mom"e*ter. (Mach.)

Defn: A dynamometer in which power is measured, without being
absorbed or used up, during transmission.

TRANSMISSIONIST
Trans*mis"sion*ist, n.

Defn: An adherent of a theory, the transmission theory, that the
brain serves to "transmit," rather than to originate, conclusions,
and hence that consciousness may exist independently of the brain.

TRANSMISSIVE
Trans*mis"sive, a.

Defn: Capable of being transmitted; derived, or handed down, from one
to another.
Itself a sun, it with transmissive light Enlivens worlds denied to
human sight. Prior.

TRANSMIT
Trans*mit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transmitted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transmitting.] Etym: [L. transmittere, transmissum; trans across,
over + mittere to send: cf. F. transmettre. See Missile.]

1. To cause to pass over or through; to communicate by sending; to
send from one person or place to another; to pass on or down as by
inheritance; as, to transmit a memorial; to transmit dispatches; to
transmit money, or bills of exchange, from one country to another.
The ancientest fathers must be next removed, as Clement of
Alexandria, and that Eusebian book of evangelic preparation,
transmitting our ears through a hoard of heathenish obscenities to
receive the gospel. Milton.
The scepter of that kingdom continued to be transmitted in the
dynasty of Castile. Prescott.

2. To suffer to pass through; as, glass transmits light; metals
transmit, or conduct, electricity.

TRANSMITTAL
Trans*mit"tal, n.

Defn: Transmission. Swift.

TRANSMITTANCE
Trans*mit"tance, n.

Defn: Transmission.

TRANSMITTER
Trans*mit"ter, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, transmits; specifically, that portion
of a telegraphic or telephonic instrument by means of which a message
is sent; -- opposed to receiver.

TRANSMITTIBLE
Trans*mit"ti*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being transmitted; transmissible.

TRANSMOGRIFICATION
Trans*mog`ri*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of transmogrifying, or the state of being
transmogrified; transformation. [Colloq.]
Clive, who wrote me about the transmogrification of our schoolfellow,
an attorney's son. Thackeray.

TRANSMOGRIFY
Trans*mog"ri*fy, v. t. Etym: [A humorous coinage.]

Defn: To change into a different shape; to transform. [Colloq.]
Fielding.

TRANSMOVE
Trans*move", v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans + move.]

Defn: To move or change from one state into another; to transform.
[Obs.] Spenser.

TRANSMUTABILITY
Trans*mu`ta*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transmutabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being transmutable.

TRANSMUTABLE
Trans*mut"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. transmutable. See Transmute.]

Defn: Capable of being transmuted or changed into a different
substance, or into into something of a different form a nature;
transformable.
The fluids and solids of an animal body are easily transmutable into
one another. Arbuthnot.
-- Trans*mut"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Trans*mut"a*bly, adv.

TRANSMUTATION
Trans`mu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [F. transmutation, L. transmutatio. See
Transmute.]

1. The act of transmuting, or the state of being transmuted; as, the
transmutation of metals.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: The change or reduction of one figure or body into another of
the same area or solidity, but of a different form, as of a triangle
into a square. [R.]

3. (Biol.)

Defn: The change of one species into another, which is assumed to
take place in any development theory of life; transformism. Bacon.
Transmutation of metals (Alchem.), the conversion of base metals into
gold or silver, a process often attempted by the alchemists. See
Alchemy, and Philosopher's stone, under Philosopher.

TRANSMUTATIONIST
Trans`mu*ta"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in the transmutation of metals or of species.

TRANSMUTE
Trans*mute", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transmuted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transmuting.] Etym: [L. transmutare, transmutatum; trans across +
mutare to change. See Mutable, and cf. Transmew.]

Defn: To change from one nature, form, or substance, into another; to
transform.
The caresses of parents and the blandishments of friends transmute us
into idols. Buckminster.
Transmuting sorrow into golden joy Free from alloy. H. Smith.

TRANSMUTER
Trans*mut"er, n.

Defn: One who transmutes.

TRANSMUTUAL
Trans*mu"tu*al, a. Etym: [Pref. trans + mutual.]

Defn: Reciprocal; commutual. [R.] Coleridge.

TRANSNATATION
Trans`na*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. transnatare to swim over; trans
across, over + natare to swim.]

Defn: The act of swimming across, as a river.

TRANSNATURE
Trans*na"ture, v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans- + nature.]

Defn: To transfer or transform the nature of. [Obs.]
We are transelemented, or transnatured. Jewel.

TRANSOM
Tran"som, n. Etym: [Probably fr. L. transtrum a crossbeam, transom,
from trans across. Cf. Trestle.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A horizontal crossbar in a window, over a door, or between a
door and a window above it. Transom is the horizontal, as mullion is
the vertical, bar across an opening. See Illust. of Mullion.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: One of the principal transverse timbers of the stern, bolted to
the sternpost and giving shape to the stern structure; -- called also
transsummer.

3. (Gun.)

Defn: The piece of wood or iron connecting the cheeks of some gun
carriages.

4. (Surg.)

Defn: The vane of a cross-staff. Chambers.

5. (Railroad)

Defn: One of the crossbeams connecting the side frames of a truck
with each other. Transom knees (Shipbuilding), knees bolted to the
transoms and after timbers.
 -- Transom window. (Arch.) (a) A window divided horizontally by a
transom or transoms. (b) A window over a door, with a transom
between.

TRANSPADANE
Trans"pa*dane`, a. Etym: [L. transpadanus; trans across + Padus the
Po.]

Defn: Lying or being on the further side of the river Po with
reference to Rome, that is, on the north side; -- opposed to
cispadane.

TRANSPALATINE
Trans*pal"a*tine, a. Etym: [Pref. trans- + palatine.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated beyond or outside the palatine bone; -- said of a bone
in the skull of some reptiles.

TRANSPARE
Trans*pare", v. t. & i. Etym: [See Transparent.]

Defn: To be, or cause to be, transparent; to appear, or cause to
appear, or be seen, through something. [Obs.] Stirling.

TRANSPARENCE
Trans*par"ence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transparence.]

Defn: The quality or state of being transparent; transparency.

TRANSPARENCY
Trans*par"en*cy, n.; pl. Transparencies. Etym: [Cf. F. transparence.]

1. The quality or condition of being transparent; transparence.

2. That which is transparent; especially, a picture painted on thin
cloth or glass, or impressed on porcelain, or the like, to be viewed
by natural or artificial light, which shines through it. Fairholt.

TRANSPARENT
Trans*par"ent, a. Etym: [F., from LL. transparens, -entis, p. pr. of
transparere to be transparent; L. trans across, through + parere to
appear. See Appear.]

1. Having the property of transmitting rays of light, so that bodies
can be distinctly seen through; pervious to light; diaphanous;
pellucid; as, transparent glass; a transparent diamond; -- opposed to
Ant: opaque. "Transparent elemental air." Milton.

2. Admitting the passage of light; open; porous; as, a transparent
veil. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- Translucent; pellucid; clear; bright; limpid; lucid; diaphanous.
See Translucent.
 -- Trans*par"ent*ly, adv.
 -- Trans*par"ent*ness, n.

TRANSPASS
Trans*pass", v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans- + pass: cf. LL. transpassare.
Cf. Trespass.]

Defn: To pass over; as, Alexander transpassed the river. [Obs.] J.
Gregory.

TRANSPASS
Trans*pass", v. i.

Defn: To pass by; to pass away. [Obs.]

TRANSPASSABLE
Trans*pass"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being transpassed, or crossed over. [Obs.]

TRANSPATRONIZE
Trans*pat"ron*ize, v. t. Etym: [Trans- + patronize.]

Defn: To transfer the patronage of. [Obs.] Warner.

TRANSPECIATE
Tran*spe"ci*ate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. species form.]

Defn: To change from one species to another; to transform. [Obs.]
Power to transpeciate a man into a horse. Sir T. Browne.

TRANSPICUOUS
Tran*spic"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. transpicere to see or look through +
specere, spicere, to see. Cf. Conspicuous.]

Defn: Transparent; pervious to the sight. [R.] "The wide,
transpicuous air." Milton.

TRANSPIERCE
Trans*pierce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transpierced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transpiercing.] Etym: [Pref. trans- + pierce: cf. F. transpercer.]

Defn: To pierce through; to penetrate; to permeate; to pass through.
The sides transpierced return a rattling sound. Dryden.

TRANSPIRABLE
Tran*spir"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. transpirable.]

Defn: Capable of being transpired, or of transpiring.

TRANSPIRATION
Tran`spi*ra"tion, n. Etym: [F. transpiration.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act or process of transpiring or excreting in the form of
vapor; exhalation, as through the skin or other membranes of the
body; as, pulmonary transpiration, or the excretion of aqueous vapor
from the lungs. Perspiration is a form of transpiration. Cudworth.

2. (bot.)

Defn: The evaporation of water, or exhalation of aqueous vapor, from
cells and masses of tissue.

3. (Physics)

Defn: The passing of gases through fine tubes, porous substances, or
the like; as, transpiration through membranes.

TRANSPIRATORY
Tran*spir"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or relating to transpiration.

TRANSPIRE
Tran*spire", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Transpired; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transpiring.] Etym: [F. transpirer; L. trans across, through +
spirare to breathe. See Spirit.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: To pass off in the form of vapor or insensible perspiration; to
exhale.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: To evaporate from living cells.

3. To escape from secrecy; to become public; as, the proceedings of
the council soon transpired.
The story of Paulina's and Maximilian's mutual attachment had
transpired through many of the travelers. De Quincey.

4. To happen or come to pass; to occur.

Note: This sense of the word, which is of comparatively recent
introduction, is common in the United States, especially in the
language of conversation and of newspaper writers, and is used to
some extent in England. Its use, however, is censured by critics of
both countries.

TRANSPIRE
Tran*spire", v. t.

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: To excrete through the skin; to give off in the form of vapor;
to exhale; to perspire.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: To evaporate (moisture) from living cells.

TRANSPLACE
Trans*place", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transplaced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transplacing.] Etym: [Pref. trans- + place.]

Defn: To remove across some space; to put in an opposite or another
place. [R.]
It [an obelisk] was transplaced . . . from the left side of the
Vatican into a more eminent place. Bp. Wilkins.

TRANSPLANT
Trans*plant", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transplanted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transplanting.] Etym: [F. transplanter, L. transplantare; trans
across, over + plantare to plant. See Plant.]

1. To remove, and plant in another place; as, to transplant trees.
Dryden.

2. To remove, and settle or establish for residence in another place;
as, to transplant inhabitants.
Being transplanted out of his cold, barren diocese of St. David into
a warmer climate. Clarendon.

TRANSPLANTATION
Trans`plan*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transplantation.]

1. The act of transplanting, or the state of being transplanted;
also, removal.
The transplantation of Ulysses to Sparta. Broome.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: The removal of tissues from a healthy part, and the insertion
of them in another place where there is a lesion; as, the
transplantation of tissues in autoplasty. 3. (Surg.)

Defn: The removal of a bodily organ or of tissues from one person,
and the insertion of them into another person to replace a damaged
organ or tissue; as, the transplantation of a heart, kidney, or
liver.

TRANSPLANTER
Trans*plant"er, n.

Defn: One who transplants; also, a machine for transplanting trees.

TRANSPLENDENCY
Tran*splen"den*cy, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being transplendent. [R.] Dr. H. More.

TRANSPLENDENT
Tran*splen"dent, a. Etym: [Trans- + splendent.]

Defn: Resplendent in the highest degree. [R.] -- Tran*splen"dent*ly,
adv. [R.]

TRANSPORT
Trans*port", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transported; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transporting.] Etym: [F. transporter, L. transportare; trans across +
portare to carry. See Port bearing, demeanor.]

1. To carry or bear from one place to another; to remove; to convey;
as, to transport goods; to transport troops. Hakluyt.

2. To carry, or cause to be carried, into banishment, as a criminal;
to banish.

3. To carry away with vehement emotion, as joy, sorrow, complacency,
anger, etc.; to ravish with pleasure or ecstasy; as, music transports
the soul.
[They] laugh as if transported with some fit Of passion. Milton.
We shall then be transported with a nobler . . . wonder. South.

TRANSPORT
Trans"port, n. Etym: [F. See Transport, v.]

1. Transportation; carriage; conveyance.
The Romans . . . stipulated with the Carthaginians to furnish them
with ships for transport and war. Arbuthnot.

2. A vessel employed for transporting, especially for carrying
soldiers, warlike stores, or provisions, from one place to another,
or to convey convicts to their destination; -- called also transport
ship, transport vessel.

3. Vehement emotion; passion; ecstasy; rapture.
With transport views the airy rule his own, And swells on an
imaginary throne. Pope.
Say not, in transports of despair, That all your hopes are fled.
Doddridge.

4. A convict transported, or sentenced to exile.

TRANSPORTABILITY
Trans*port`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being transportable.

TRANSPORTABLE
Trans*port"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. transportable.]

1. Capable of being transported.

2. Incurring, or subject to, the punishment of transportation; as, a
transportable offense.

TRANSPORTAL
Trans*port"al, n.

Defn: Transportation; the act of removing from one locality to
another. "The transportal of seeds in the wool or fur of quadrupeds."
Darwin.

TRANSPORTANCE
Trans*port"ance, n.

Defn: Transportation. [Obs.] "Give me swift transportance." Shak.

TRANSPORTANT
Trans*port"ant, a.

Defn: Transporting; as, transportant love. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

TRANSPORTATION
Trans`por*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. transportatio: cf. F.
transportation.]

1. The act of transporting, or the state of being transported;
carriage from one place to another; removal; conveyance.
To provide a vessel for their transportation. Sir H. Wotton.

2. Transport; ecstasy. [R.] South.

TRANSPORTED
Trans*port"ed, a.

Defn: Conveyed from one place to another; figuratively, carried away
with passion or pleasure; entranced.
 -- Trans*port"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Trans*port"ed*ness, n.

TRANSPORTER
Trans*port"er, n.

Defn: One who transports.

TRANSPORTING
Trans*port"ing, a.

Defn: That transports; fig., ravishing.
Your transporting chords ring out. Keble.

TRANSPORTINGLY
Trans*port"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to transport.

TRANSPORTMENT
Trans*port"ment, n.

Defn: The act of transporting, or the state of being transported;
transportation. [R.]

TRANSPOSABLE
Trans*pos"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may transposed; as, a transposable phrase.

TRANSPOSAL
Trans*pos"al, n.

Defn: The act of transposing, or the state of being transposed;
transposition.

TRANSPOSE
Trans*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transposed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transposing.] Etym: [F. transposer; pref. trans- (L. trans across) +
poser to put. See Pose.]

1. To change the place or order of; to substitute one for the other
of; to exchange, in respect of position; as, to transpose letters,
words, or propositions.

2. To change; to transform; to invert. [R.]
Things base and vile, holding no quantity, Love can transpose to form
and dignity. Shak.

3. (Alg.)

Defn: To bring, as any term of an equation, from one side over to the
other, without destroying the equation; thus, if a + b = c, and we
make a = c - b, then b is said to be transposed.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: To change the natural order of, as words.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: To change the key of.

TRANSPOSER
Trans*pos"er, n.

Defn: One who transposes.

TRANSPOSITION
Trans`po*si"tion, n. Etym: [F. transposition, from L. transponere,
transpositum, to set over, remove, transfer; trans across, over +
ponere to place. See Position.]

Defn: The act of transposing, or the state of being transposed.
Specifically: --(a) (Alg.)

Defn: The bringing of any term of an equation from one side over to
the other without destroying the equation.
(b) (Gram.) A change of the natural order of words in a sentence; as,
the Latin and Greek languages admit transposition, without
inconvenience, to a much greater extent than the English.
(c) (Mus.) A change of a composition into another key.

TRANSPOSITIONAL
Trans`po*si"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to transposition; involving transposition.
Pegge.

TRANSPOSITIVE
Trans*pos"i*tive, a.

Defn: Made by transposing; consisting in transposition; transposable.

TRANSPRINT
Trans*print", v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans- + print.]

Defn: To transfer to the wrong place in printing; to print out of
place. [R.] Coleridge.

TRANSPROSE
Trans*prose", v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans- + prose.]

Defn: To change from prose into verse; to versify; also, to change
from verse into prose. [Obs.] Dryden.

TRANSREGIONATE
Trans*re"gion*ate, a. Etym: [Pref. trans- + region.]

Defn: Foreign. [Obs.] Holinshed.

TRANSSHAPE
Trans*shape", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transshaped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transshaping.] Etym: [Pref.trans- + shape.]

Defn: To change into another shape or form; to transform. [Written
also transhape.] Shak.

TRANSSHIP
Trans*ship", v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans- + ship.]

Defn: To transfer from one ship or conveyance to another. [Written
also tranship.]

TRANSSHIPMENT
Trans*ship"ment, n.

Defn: The act of transshipping, or transferring, as goods, from one
ship or conveyance to another. [Written also transhipment.]

TRANSSUMMER
Trans"sum`mer, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Transom, 2.

TRANSUBSTANTIATE
Tran`sub*stan"ti*ate, v. t. Etym: [LL. transubstantiatus, p. p. of
transubstantiare to transubstantiate; L. trans across, over +
substantia substance. See Substance.]

1. To change into another substance. [R.]
The spider love which transubstantiates all, And can convert manna to
gall. Donne.

2. (R. C. Theol.)

Defn: To change, as the sacramental elements, bread and wine, into
the flesh and blood of Christ.

TRANSUBSTANTIATION
Tran`sub*stan`ti*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. transubstantiatio: cf. F.
transsubstantiation.]

1. A change into another substance.

2. (R. C. Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine held by Roman Catholics, that the bread and wine
in the Mass is converted into the body and blood of Christ; --
distinguished from consubstantiation, and impanation.

TRANSUBSTANTIATOR
Tran`sub*stan"ti*a`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transsubstantiateur.]

Defn: One who maintains the doctrine of transubstantiation. Barrow.

TRANSUDATION
Tran`su*da"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transsudation.]

1. The act or process of transuding.

2. (Physics)

Defn: Same as Exosmose.

TRANSUDATORY
Tran*su"da*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to transudation; passing by transudation.

TRANSUDE
Tran*sude", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Transuded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transuding.] Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. sudare to sweat: cf. F.
transsuder.]

Defn: To pass, as perspirable matter does, through the pores or
interstices of textures; as, liquor may transude through leather or
wood.

TRANSUME
Tran*sume", v. t. Etym: [L. transumere, transsumere, to take from one
to another; trans across + sumere to take.]

Defn: To change; to convert. [R.] Crashaw.

TRANSUMPT
Tran*sumpt", n. Etym: [L. transumere, transumptum, to take from one
to another, in LL., to transcribe. See Transume.]

Defn: A copy or exemplification of a record. [Obs.] Lord Herbert.

TRANSUMPTION
Tran*sump"tion, n. Etym: [L. transumptio.]

Defn: Act of taking from one place to another. [R.] South.

TRANSUMPTIVE
Tran*sump"tive, a. Etym: [L. transumptivus.]

Defn: Taking from one to another; metaphorical. [R.] "A transumptive
kind of speech." Drayton.
Fictive, descriptive, digressive, transumptive, and withal
definitive. Lowell.

TRANSVASATE
Trans*va"sate, v. t. Etym: [See Transvasation.]

Defn: To pour out of one vessel into another. [Obs.] Cudworth.

TRANSVASATION
Trans`va*sa"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. trans- + L. vas, vasis, vessel.]

Defn: The act or process of pouring out of one vessel into another.
[Obs.] Holland.

TRANSVECTION
Trans*vec"tion, n. Etym: [L. transvectio, from transvehere to carry
across; trans across + vehere to carry.]

Defn: The act of conveying or carrying over. [R.]

TRANSVERBERATE
Trans*ver"ber*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. transverberatus, p. p. of
transverberare to strike or pierce through.]

Defn: To beat or strike through. [Obs.]

TRANSVERSAL
Trans*ver"sal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. transversal. See Transverse.]

Defn: Running or lying across; transverse; as, a transversal line.
 -- Trans*ver"sal*ly, adv.

TRANSVERSAL
Trans*ver"sal, n. Etym: [Cf. F. transversale.] (Geom.)

Defn: A straight line which traverses or intersects any system of
other lines, as a line intersecting the three sides of a triangle or
the sides produced.

TRANSVERSE
Trans*verse", a. Etym: [L. transversus, p. p. of transvertere to turn
on direct across; trans across + vertere to turn: cf. F. transverse.
See Verse, and cf. Traverse.]

Defn: Lying or being across, or in a crosswise direction; athwart; --
often opposed to Ant: longitudinal. Transverse axis (of an ellipse or
hyperbola) (Geom.), that axis which passes through the foci.
 -- Transverse partition (Bot.), a partition, as of a pericarp, at
right angles with the valves, as in the siliques of mustard.

TRANSVERSE
Trans"verse, n.

1. Anything that is transverse or athwart.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: The longer, or transverse, axis of an ellipse.

TRANSVERSE
Trans*verse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transversed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Transversing.]

Defn: To overturn; to change. [R.] C. Leslie.

TRANSVERSE
Trans*verse", v. t. Etym: [Pref. trans- + verse, n. Cf.Transpose.]

Defn: To change from prose into verse, or from verse into prose.
[Obs.] Duke of Buckingham.

TRANSVERSELY
Trans*verse"ly, adv.

Defn: In a transverse manner.

TRANSVERSION
Trans*ver"sion, n.

Defn: The act of changing from prose into verse, or from verse into
prose.

TRANSVERT
Trans*vert", v. t. Etym: [L. transvertere. See Transverse, a.]

Defn: To cause to turn across; to transverse. [Obs.] Craft of Lovers
(1448).

TRANSVERTIBLE
Trans*vert"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being transverted. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

TRANSVOLATION
Trans`vo*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. transvolare to fly over or across;
trans across + volare to fly.]

Defn: The act of flying beyond or across. Jer. Taylor.

TRANT
Trant, v. i. Etym: [Cf. OD. tranten to walk slowly, LG. & D. trant
walk, pace.]

Defn: To traffic in an itinerary manner; to peddle. [Written also
traunt.] [Obs.]

TRANTER
Trant"er, n.

Defn: One who trants; a peddler; a carrier. [Written also traunter.]
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

TRAP
Trap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Trapping.] Etym:
[Akin to OE. trappe trappings, and perhaps from an Old French word of
the same origin as E. drab a kind of cloth.]

Defn: To dress with ornaments; to adorn; -- said especially of
horses.
Steeds . . . that trapped were in steel all glittering. Chaucer.
To deck his hearse, and trap his tomb-black steed. Spenser.
There she found her palfrey trapped In purple blazoned with armorial
gold. Tennyson.

TRAP
Trap, n. Etym: [Sw. trapp; akin to trappa stairs, Dan. trappe, G.
treppe, D. trap; -- so called because the rocks of this class often
occur in large, tabular masses, rising above one another, like steps.
See Tramp.] (Geol.)

Defn: An old term rather loosely used to designate various dark-
colored, heavy igneous rocks, including especially the feldspathic-
augitic rocks, basalt, dolerite, amygdaloid, etc., but including also
some kinds of diorite. Called also trap rock. Trap tufa, Trap tuff, a
kind of fragmental rock made up of fragments and earthy materials
from trap rocks.

TRAP
Trap, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to trap rock; as, a trap dike.

TRAP
Trap, n. Etym: [OE. trappe, AS. treppe; akin to OD.trappe, OHG.
trapo; probably fr. the root of E. tramp, as that which is trod upon:
cf. F. trappe, which is trod upon: cf. F. trappe, which perhaps
influenced the English word.]

1. A machine or contrivance that shuts suddenly, as with a spring,
used for taking game or other animals; as, a trap for foxes.
She would weep if that she saw a mouse Caught in a trap. Chaucer.

2. Fig.: A snare; an ambush; a stratagem; any device by which one may
be caught unawares.
Let their table be made a snare and a trap. Rom. xi. 9.
God and your majesty Protect mine innocence, or I fall into The trap
is laid for me! Shak.

3. A wooden instrument shaped somewhat like a shoe, used in the game
of trapball. It consists of a pivoted arm on one end of which is
placed the ball to be thrown into the air by striking the other end.
Also, a machine for throwing into the air glass balls, clay pigeons,
etc., to be shot at.

4. The game of trapball.

5. A bend, sag, or partitioned chamber, in a drain, soil pipe, sewer,
etc., arranged so that the liquid contents form a seal which prevents
passage of air or gas, but permits the flow of liquids.

6. A place in a water pipe, pump, etc., where air accumulates for
want of an outlet.

7. A wagon, or other vehicle. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

8. A kind of movable stepladder. Knight. Trap stairs, a staircase
leading to a trapdoor.
 -- Trap tree (Bot.) the jack; -- so called because it furnishes a
kind of birdlime. See 1st Jack.

TRAP
Trap, v. t. Etym: [AS. treppan. See Trap a snare.]

1. To catch in a trap or traps; as, to trap foxes.

2. Fig.: To insnare; to take by stratagem; to entrap. "I trapped the
foe." Dryden.

3. To provide with a trap; to trap a drain; to trap a sewer pipe. See
4th Trap, 5.

TRAP
Trap, v. i.

Defn: To set traps for game; to make a business of trapping game; as,
to trap for beaver.

TRAPAN
Tra*pan", n. Etym: [OF. trappan. See Trap, and cf. Trepan a snare.]

Defn: A snare; a stratagem; a trepan. See 3d Trepan. South.

TRAPAN
Tra*pan", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trapanned; p. pr. & vb. n. Trapanning.]

Defn: To insnare; to catch by stratagem; to entrap; to trepan.
Having some of his people trapanned at Baldivia. Anson.

TRAPANNER
Tra*pan"ner, n.

Defn: One who trapans, or insnares.

TRAPBALL
Trap"ball`, n.

Defn: An old game of ball played with a trap. See 4th Trap, 4.

TRAPDOOR
Trap"door`, n.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A lifting or sliding door covering an opening in a roof or
floor.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A door in a level for regulating the ventilating current; --
called also weather door. Raymond. Trapdoor spider (Zoöl.), any one
of several species of large spiders which make a nest consisting of a
vertical hole in the earth, lined with a hinged lid, like a trapdoor.
Most of the species belong to the genus Cteniza, as the California
species (C. Californica).

TRAPE
Trape, v. i. Etym: [See Tramp, and cf. Traipse.]

Defn: To walk or run about in an idle or slatternly manner; to
traipse. [Obs. or Colloq.]

TRAPES
Trapes, n. Etym: [See Trape.]

Defn: A slattern; an idle, sluttish, or untidy woman. [Obs. or
Colloq.]

TRAPES
Trapes, v. i.

Defn: To go about in an idle or slatternly fashion; to trape; to
traipse. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

TRAPEZATE
Trap"e*zate, a. Etym: [See Trapezium.]

Defn: Having the form of a trapezium; trapeziform.

TRAPEZE
Tra*peze", n. Etym: [Cf. F. trapèze.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A trapezium. See Trapezium, 1.

2. A swinging horizontal bar, suspended at each end by a rope; --
used by gymnasts.

TRAPEZIFORM
Tra*pe"zi*form, a. Etym: [Trapezium + -form: cf. F. trapéziforme.]

Defn: Having the form of a trapezium; trapezoid.

TRAPEZIUM
Tra*pe"zi*um, n.; pl. E. Trapeziums, L. Trapezia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
Tetra-) + Foot.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A plane figure bounded by four right lines, of which no two are
parallel.

2. (Anat.)
(a) A bone of the carpus at the base of the first metacarpal, or
thumb.
(b) A region on the ventral side of the brain, either just back of
the pons Varolii, or, as in man, covered by the posterior extension
of its transverse fibers.

TRAPEZOHEDRAL
Trap`e*zo*he"dral, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a trapezohedron.

TRAPEZOHEDRON
Trap`e*zo*he"dron, n. Etym: [NL., from trapezium + Gr. (Crystalloq.)
(a) A solid bounded by twenty-four equal and similar trapeziums; a
tetragonal trisoctahedron. See the Note under Trisoctahedron.
(b) A tetartohedral solid of the hexagonal system, bounded by six
trapezoidal planes. The faces of this form are common on quartz
crystals.

TRAPEZOID
Trap"e*zoid, n. Etym: [Gr. trapézoïde. See Trapezium.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A plane four-sided figure, having two sides parallel to each
other.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A bone of the carpus at the base of the second metacarpal, or
index finger.

TRAPEZOID
Trap"e*zoid, a.

1. Having the form of a trapezoid; trapezoidal; as, the trapezoid
ligament which connects the coracoid process and the clavicle.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the trapezoid ligament; as, the trapezoid
line.

TRAPEZOIDAL
Trap`e*zoid"al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. trapézoïdal.]

1. Having the form of a trapezoid; trapezoid.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Tranpezohedral.

TRAPHOLE
Trap"hole, n. (Mil.)

Defn: See Trou-de-loup.

TRAPPEAN
Trap"pe*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. trappéen. See Trap a kind of rock.]
(Min.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to trap; being of the nature of trap.

TRAPPER
Trap"per, n. Etym: [From Trap to insnare.]

1. One who traps animals; one who makes a business of trapping
animals for their furs. W. Irving.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A boy who opens and shuts a trapdoor in a gallery or level.
Raymond.

TRAPPINGS
Trap"pings, n. pl. Etym: [From Trap to dress with ornaments.]

1. That which serves to trap or adorn; ornaments; dress; superficial
decorations.
Trappings of life, for ornament, not use. Dryden.
These but the trappings and the suits of woe. Shak.

2. Specifically, ornaments to be put on horses.
Caparisons and steeds, Bases and tinsel trappings. Milton.

TRAPPIST
Trap"pist, n. Etym: [F. trappiste.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A monk belonging to a branch of the Cistercian Order, which was
established by Armand de Rancé in 1660 at the monastery of La Trappe
in Normandy. Extreme austerity characterizes their discipline. They
were introduced permanently into the United States in 1848, and have
monasteries in Iowa and Kentucky.

TRAPPOUS
Trap"pous, n. Etym: [From Trap a kind of rock.] (Min.)

Defn: Of or performance to trap; resembling trap, or partaking of its
form or qualities; trappy.

TRAPPURES
Trap"pures, n. pl. Etym: [See Trap to dress.]

Defn: Trappings for a horse. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TRAPPY
Trap"py, a. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Trappous.

TRAPS
Traps, n. pl. Etym: [See Trappings, and Trap to dress.]

Defn: Small or portable articles for dress, furniture, or use; goods;
luggage; things. [Colloq.]

TRAP SHOOTING
Trap shooting. (Sport)

Defn: Shooting at pigeons liberated, or glass balls or clay pigeons
sprung into the air, from a trap. -- Trap shooter.

TRAPSTICK
Trap"stick`, n.

Defn: A stick used in playing the game of trapball; hence, fig., a
slender leg. Addison.

TRASH
Trash, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. tros rubbish, leaves, and twigs picked up
for fuel, trassi a slovenly fellow, Sw. trasa a rag, tatter.]

1. That which is worthless or useless; rubbish; refuse.
Who steals my purse steals trash. Shak.
A haunch of venison would be trash to a Brahmin. Landor.

2. Especially, loppings and leaves of trees, bruised sugar cane, or
the like.

Note: In the West Indies, the decayed leaves and stems of canes are
called field trash; the bruised or macerated rind of canes is called
cane trash; and both are called trash. B. Edwards.

3. A worthless person. [R.] Shak.

4. A collar, leash, or halter used to restrain a dog in pursuing
game. Markham. Trash ice, crumbled ice mixed with water.

TRASH
Trash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Trashing.]

1. To free from trash, or worthless matter; hence, to lop; to crop,
as to trash the rattoons of sugar cane. B. Edwards.

2. To treat as trash, or worthless matter; hence, to spurn,
humiliate, or crush. [Obs.]

3. To hold back by a trash or leash, as a dog in pursuing game;
hence, to retard, encumber, or restrain; to clog; to hinder
vexatiously. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

TRASH
Trash, v. i.

Defn: To follow with violence and trampling. [R.] The Puritan (1607).

TRASHILY
Trash"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a trashy manner.

TRASHINESS
Trash"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being trashy.

TRASHY
Trash"y, a. [Compar. Trashier; superl. Trashiest.]

Defn: Like trash; containing much trash; waste; rejected; worthless;
useless; as, a trashy novel.

TRASS
Trass, n. Etym: [D. tras or Gr. trass, probably fr. It. terrazzo
terrace. See Terrace.] (Geol.)

Defn: A white to gray volcanic tufa, formed of decomposed trachytic
cinders; -- sometimes used as a cement. Hence, a coarse sort of
plaster or mortar, durable in water, and used to line cisterns and
other reservoirs of water. [Formerly written also tarras, tarrace,
terras.]

Note: The Dutch trass is made by burning and grinding a soft grayish
rock found on the lower Rhine.

TRAULISM
Trau"lism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A stammering or stuttering. [Obs.] Dalgarno.

TRAUMATIC
Trau*mat"ic, a. Etym: [L. traumaticus, Gr. traumatique.] (Med.)
(a) Of or pertaining to wounds; applied to wounds. Coxe.
(b) Adapted to the cure of wounds; vulnerary. Wiseman.
(c) Produced by wounds; as, traumatic tetanus.
 -- n.

Defn: A traumatic medicine.

TRAUMATISM
Trau"ma*tism, n. (Med.)

Defn: A wound or injury directly produced by causes external to the
body; also, violence producing a wound or injury; as, rupture of the
stomach caused by traumatism.

TRAUNCE
Traunce, n. & v.

Defn: See Trance. [Obs.]

TRAUNT
Traunt, v. i.

Defn: Same as Trant. [Obs.]

TRAUNTER
Traunt"er, n.

Defn: Same as Tranter. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

TRAVAIL
Trav"ail (; 48), n. Etym: [F. travail; cf. Pr. trabalh, trebalh,
toil, torment, torture; probably from LL. trepalium a place where
criminals are tortured, instrument of torture. But the French word
may be akin to L. trabs a beam, or have been influenced by a
derivative from trabs (cf. Trave). Cf. Travel.]

1. Labor with pain; severe toil or exertion.
As everything of price, so this doth require travail. Hooker.

2. Parturition; labor; as, an easy travail.

TRAVAIL
Trav"ail, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Travailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Travailing.]
Etym: [F. travailler, OF. traveillier, travaillier, to labor, toil,
torment; cf. Pr. trebalhar to torment, agitate. See Travail, n.]

1. To labor with pain; to toil. [Archaic] "Slothful persons which
will not travail for their livings." Latimer.

2. To suffer the pangs of childbirth; to be in labor.

TRAVAIL
Trav"ail, v. t

Defn: To harass; to tire. [Obs.]
As if all these troubles had not been sufficient to travail the
realm, a great division fell among the nobility. Hayward.

TRAVAILOUS
Trav"ail*ous, a.

Defn: Causing travail; laborious. [Obs.] Wyclif.
 -- Trav"ail*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] Wyclif.

TRAVE
Trave, n. Etym: [Through French, fr. L. trabs, trabis, a beam; cf.
OF. tref a beam, also F. travail a frame to confine a horse, OE.
trave, trevys, travise, It. travaglio, F. travée the space between
two beams.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A crossbeam; a lay of joists. Maundrell.

2. A wooden frame to confine an unruly horse or ox while shoeing.
She sprung as a colt doth in the trave. Chaucer.

TRAVEL
Trav"el, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Traveled or Travelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Traveling or Travelling.] Etym: [Properly, to labor, and the same
word as travail.]

1. To labor; to travail. [Obsoles.] Hooker.

2. To go or march on foot; to walk; as, to travel over the city, or
through the streets.

3. To pass by riding, or in any manner, to a distant place, or to
many places; to journey; as, a man travels for his health; he is
traveling in California.

4. To pass; to go; to move.
Time travels in divers paces with divers persons. Shak.

TRAVEL
Trav"el, v. t.

1. To journey over; to traverse; as, to travel the continent. "I
travel this profound." Milton.

2. To force to journey. [R.]
They shall not be traveled forth of their own franchises. Spenser.

TRAVEL
Trav"el, n.

1. The act of traveling, or journeying from place to place; a
journey.
With long travel I am stiff and weary. Shak.
His travels ended at his country seat. Dryden.

2. pl.

Defn: An account, by a traveler, of occurrences and observations
during a journey; as, a book of travels; -- often used as the title
of a book; as, Travels in Italy.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: The length of stroke of a reciprocating piece; as, the travel
of a slide valve.

4. Labor; parturition; travail. [Obs.]

TRAVELED
Trav"eled, a.

Defn: Having made journeys; having gained knowledge or experience by
traveling; hence, knowing; experienced. [Written also travelled.]
The traveled thane, Athenian Aberdeen. Byron.

TRAVELER
Trav"el*er, n. Etym: [Written also traveler.]

1. One who travels; one who has traveled much.

2. A commercial agent who travels for the purpose of receiving orders
for merchants, making collections, etc.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: A traveling crane. See under Crane.

4. (Spinning)

Defn: The metal loop which travels around the ring surrounding the
bobbin, in a ring spinner.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: An iron encircling a rope, bar, spar, or the like, and sliding
thereon. Traveler's joy (Bot.), the Clematis vitalba, a climbing
plant with white flowers.
 -- Traveler's tree. (Bot.) See Ravenala.

TRAVEL-TAINTED
Trav"el-taint`ed, a.

Defn: Harassed; fatigued with travel. [Obs.] Shak.

TRAVERS
Trav"ers, adv. Etym: [F. travers, breadth, extent from side, à
travers, en travers, de travers, across, athwart. See Traverse, a.]

Defn: Across; athwart. [Obs.]
The earl . . . caused . . . high trees to be hewn down, and laid
travers one over another. Ld. Berners.

TRAVERSABLE
Trav"ers*a*ble, a.

1. Capable of being traversed, or passed over; as, a traversable
region.

2. Deniable; specifically (Law), liable to legal objection; as, a
traversable presentment. Sir M. Hale.

TRAVERSE
Trav"erse, a. Etym: [OF. travers, L. transversus, p. p. of
transvertere to turn or direct across. See Transverse, and cf.
Travers.]

Defn: Lying across; being in a direction across something else; as,
paths cut with traverse trenches.
Oak . . . being strong in all positions, may be better trusted in
cross and traverse work. Sir H. Wotton.
The ridges of the fallow field traverse. Hayward.
Traverse drill (Mach.), a machine tool for drilling slots, in which
the work or tool has a lateral motion back and forth; also, a
drilling machine in which the spindle holder can be adjusted
laterally.

TRAVERSE
Trav"erse, adv.

Defn: Athwart; across; crosswise.

TRAVERSE
Trav"erse, n. Etym: [F. traverse. See Traverse, a.]

1. Anything that traverses, or crosses. Specifically: --
(a) Something that thwarts, crosses, or obstructs; a cross accident;
as, he would have succeeded, had it not been for unlucky traverses
not under his control.
(b) A barrier, sliding door, movable screen, curtain, or the like.
Men drinken and the travers draw anon. Chaucer.
And the entrance of the king, The first traverse was drawn. F.
Beaumont.
(c) (Arch.)

Defn: A gallery or loft of communication from side to side of a
church or other large building. Gwilt.
(d) (Fort.) A work thrown up to intercept an enfilade, or reverse
fire, along exposed passage, or line of work.
(e) (Law) A formal denial of some matter of fact alleged by the
opposite party in any stage of the pleadings. The technical words
introducing a traverse are absque hoc, without this; that is, without
this which follows.
(f) (Naut.) The zigzag course or courses made by a ship in passing
from one place to another; a compound course.
(g) (Geom.) A line lying across a figure or other lines; a
transversal.
(h) (Surv.) A line surveyed across a plot of ground.
(i) (Gun.) The turning of a gun so as to make it point in any desired
direction.

2. A turning; a trick; a subterfuge. [Obs.] To work, or solve, a
traverse (Naut.), to reduce a series of courses or distances to an
equivalent single one; to calculate the resultant of a traverse.
 -- Traverse board (Naut.), a small board hung in the steerage,
having the points of the compass marked on it, and for each point as
many holes as there are half hours in a watch. It is used for
recording the courses made by the ship in each half hour, by putting
a peg in the corresponding hole.
 -- Traverse jury (Law), a jury that tries cases; a petit jury.
 -- Traverse sailing (Naut.), a sailing by compound courses; the
method or process of finding the resulting course and distance from a
series of different shorter courses and distances actually passed
over by a ship.
 -- Traverse table. (a) (Naut. & Surv.) A table by means of which the
difference of latitude and departure corresponding to any given
course and distance may be found by inspection. It contains the
lengths of the two sides of a right-angled triangle, usually for
every quarter of a degree of angle, and for lengths of the
hypothenuse, from 1 to 100. (b) (Railroad) A platform with one or
more tracks, and arranged to move laterally on wheels, for shifting
cars, etc., from one line of track to another.

TRAVERSE
Trav"erse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Traversed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Traversing.] Etym: [Cf. F. traverser. See Traverse, a.]

1. To lay in a cross direction; to cross.
The parts should be often traversed, or crossed, by the flowing of
the folds. Dryden.

2. To cross by way of opposition; to thwart with obstacles; to
obstruct; to bring to naught.
I can not but . . . admit the force of this reasoning, which I yet
hope to traverse. Sir W. Scott.

3. To wander over; to cross in traveling; as, to traverse the
habitable globe.
What seas you traversed, and what fields you fought. Pope.

4. To pass over and view; to survey carefully.
My purpose is to traverse the nature, principles, and properties of
this detestable vice -- ingratitude. South.

5. (Gun.)

Defn: To turn to the one side or the other, in order to point in any
direction; as, to traverse a cannon.

6. (Carp.)

Defn: To plane in a direction across the grain of the wood; as, to
traverse a board.

7. (Law)

Defn: To deny formally, as what the opposite party has alleged. When
the plaintiff or defendant advances new matter, he avers it to be
true, and traverses what the other party has affirmed. To traverse an
indictment or an office is to deny it.
And save the expense of long litigious laws, Where suits are
traversed, and so little won That he who conquers is but last undone.
Dryden.
To traverse a yard (Naut.), to brace it fore and aft.

TRAVERSE
Trav"erse, v. i.

1. To use the posture or motions of opposition or counteraction, as
in fencing.
To see thee fight, to see thee foin, to see thee traverse. Shak.

2. To turn, as on a pivot; to move round; to swivel; as, the needle
of a compass traverses; if it does not traverse well, it is an unsafe
guide.

3. To tread or move crosswise, as a horse that throws his croup to
one side and his head to the other.

TRAVERSE DRILL
Trav"erse drill. (Mach.)

Defn: A machine tool for drilling slots, in which the work or tool
has a lateral motion back and forth; also, a drilling machine in
which the spindle holder can be adjusted laterally.

TRAVERSER
Trav"ers*er, n.

1. One who, or that which, traverses, or moves, as an index on a
scale, and the like.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who traverses, or denies.

3. (Railroad)

Defn: A traverse table. See under Traverse, n.

TRAVERSING
Trav"ers*ing, a.

Defn: Adjustable laterally; having a lateral motion, or a swinging
motion; adapted for giving lateral motion. Traversing plate (Mil.),
one of two thick iron plates at the hinder part of a gun carriage,
where the handspike is applied in traversing the piece. Wilhelm.
 -- Traversing platform (Mil.), a platform for traversing guns.

TRAVERTINE
Trav"er*tine, n. Etym: [F. travertin, It. travertino, tiburtino, L.
lapis Tiburtinus, fr. Tibur an ancient town of Latium, now Tivoli.]
(Min.)

Defn: A white concretionary form of calcium carbonate, usually hard
and semicrystalline. It is deposited from the water of springs or
streams holding lime in solution. Extensive deposits exist at Tivoli,
near Rome.

TRAVESTY
Trav"es*ty, a. Etym: [F. travesti, p. p. of travestir to disguise, to
travesty, It. travestire, fr. L. trans across, over + vestire to
dress, clothe. See Vest.]

Defn: Disguised by dress so as to be ridiculous; travestied; --
applied to a book or shorter composition. [R.]

TRAVESTY
Trav"es*ty, n.; pl. Travesties (.

Defn: A burlesque translation or imitation of a work.
The second edition is not a recast, but absolutely a travesty of the
first. De Quincey.

TRAVESTY
Trav"es*ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Travestied; p. pr. & vb. n.
Travesting.]

Defn: To translate, imitate, or represent, so as to render ridiculous
or ludicrous.
I see poor Lucan travestied, not appareled in his Roman toga, but
under the cruel shears of an English tailor. Bentley.

TRAVOIS
Tra`vois", n. [Cf. Travail.]

1. A primitive vehicle, common among the North American Indians,
usually two trailing poles serving as shafts and bearing a platform
or net for a load.

On the plains they will have horses dragging travoises; dogs with
travoises, women and children loaded with impediments.
Julian Ralph.

2.  A logging sled. [Northern U. S. & Canada]

TRAWL
Trawl, v. i. Etym: [OF. trauler, troller, F. trôter, to drag about,
to stroll about; probably of Teutonic origin. Cf. Troll, v. t.]

Defn: To take fish, or other marine animals, with a trawl.

TRAWL
Trawl, n.

1. A fishing line, often extending a mile or more, having many short
lines bearing hooks attached to it. It is used for catching cod,
halibut, etc.; a boulter. [U. S. & Canada]

2. A large bag net attached to a beam with iron frames at its ends,
and dragged at the bottom of the sea, -- used in fishing, and in
gathering forms of marine life from the sea bottom.

TRAWLBOAT
Trawl"boat`, n.

Defn: A boat used in fishing with trawls or trawlnets.

TRAWLER
Trawl"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, trawls.

2. A fishing vessel which trails a net behind it.

TRAWLERMAN
Trawl"er*man, n.; pl. Trawlermen (.

Defn: A fisherman who used unlawful arts and engines to catch fish.
[Obs.] Cowell.

TRAWLNET
Trawl"net`, n.

Defn: Same as Trawl, n., 2.

TRAWLWARP
Trawl"warp`, n.

Defn: A rope passing through a block, used in managing or dragging a
trawlnet.

TRAY
Tray, v. t. Etym: [OF. traïr, F. trahir, L. tradere. See Traitor.]

Defn: To betray; to deceive. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TRAY
Tray, n.; pl. Trays. Etym: [OE. treye, AS. treg. Cf. Trough.]

1. A small trough or wooden vessel, sometimes scooped out of a block
of wood, for various domestic uses, as in making bread, chopping
meat, etc.

2. A flat, broad vessel on which dishes, glasses, etc., are carried;
a waiter; a salver.

3. A shallow box, generally without a top, often used within a chest,
trunk, box, etc., as a removable receptacle for small or light
articles.

TRAYFUL
Tray"ful, n.; pl. Trayfuls (.

Defn: As much as a tray will hold; enough to fill a tray.

TRAYS
Trays, n. pl. [Obs.]

Defn: See Trais. Chaucer.

TRAY-TRIP
Tray"-trip`, n. Etym: [From Trey a three.]

Defn: An old game played with dice. [Obs.] Shak.

TREACHER
Treach"er, n. Etym: [OE. trichour, trichur, OF. tricheor deceiver,
traitor, F. tricheur a cheat at play, a trickster. See Treachery.]

Defn: A traitor; a cheat. [Obs.]
Treacher and coward both. Beau. & Fl.

TREACHEROUS
Treach"er*ous, a. Etym: [See Treacher.]

Defn: Like a traitor; involving treachery; violating allegiance or
faith pledged; traitorous to the state or sovereign; perfidious in
private life; betraying a trust; faithless.
Loyal father of a treacherous son. Shak.
The treacherous smile, a mask for secret hate. Cowper.

Syn.
 -- Faithless; perfidious; traitorous; false; insidious; plotting.
 -- Treach"er*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Treach"er*ous*ness, n.

TREACHERY
Treach"er*y, n. Etym: [OE. trecherïe, trichere, OF. trecherie,
tricherie, F. tricherie trickery, from tricher to cheat, to trick,
OF. trichier, trechier; probably of Teutonic origin. See Trickery,
Trick.]

Defn: Violation of allegiance or of faith and confidence; treasonable
or perfidious conduct; perfidy; treason.

Be ware, ye lords, of their treachery. Chaucer.
In the council chamber at Edinburgh, he had contracted a deep taint
of treachery and corruption. Macaulay.

TREACHETOUR; TREACHOUR
Treach"e*tour, Treach"our, n. Etym: [See Treacher.]

Defn: A traitor. [Obs.] "Treachour full of false despite." Spenser.

TREACLE
Trea"cle (tre"k'l), n. Etym: [OE. triacle a sovereign remedy,
theriac, OF. triacle, F. thériaque (cf. Pr. triacla, tiriaca, Sp. &
It. triaca, teriaca), L. theriaca an antidote against the bite of
poisonous animals, Gr. qhri`on a beast, a wild beast, dim. of qh`r a
beast. Cf. Theriac.]

1. (Old Med.)

Defn: A remedy against poison. See Theriac, 1.
We kill the viper, and make treacle of him. Jer. Taylor.

2. A sovereign remedy; a cure. [Obs.]
Christ which is to every harm treacle. Chaucer
.

3. Molasses; sometimes, specifically, the molasses which drains from
the sugar-refining molds, and which is also called sugarhouse
molasses.

Note: In the United States molasses is the common name; in England,
treacle.

4. A saccharine fluid, consisting of the inspissated juices or
decoctions of certain vegetables, as the sap of the birch, sycamore,
and the like. Treacle mustard (Bot.), a name given to several species
of the cruciferous genus Erysimum, especially the E. cheiranthoides,
which was formerly used as an ingredient in Venice treacle, or
theriac.
 -- Treacle water, a compound cordial prepared in different ways from
a variety of ingredients, as hartshorn, roots of various plants,
flowers, juices of plants, wines, etc., distilled or digested with
Venice treacle. It was formerly regarded as a medicine of great
virtue. Nares. Venice treacle. (Old Med.) Same as Theriac, 1.

TREACLY
Trea"cly, a.

Defn: Like, or composed of, treacle.

TREAD
Tread, v. i. [imp. Trod; p. p. Trodden, Trod; p. pr. & vb. n.
Treading.] Etym: [OE. treden, AS. tredan; akin to OFries. treda, OS.
tredan, D. & LG. treden, G. treten, OHG. tretan, Icel. tro, Sw.
tråda, träda, Dan. træde, Goth. trudan, and perhaps ultimately to F.
tramp; cf. Gr. dram to run. Cf. Trade, Tramp, Trot.]

1. To set the foot; to step.
Where'er you tread, the blushing flowers shall rise. Pope.
Fools rush in where angels fear to tread. Pope.
The hard stone Under our feet, on which we tread and go. Chaucer.

2. To walk or go; especially, to walk with a stately or a cautious
step.
Ye that . . . stately tread, or lowly creep. Milton.

3. To copulate; said of birds, esp. the males. Shak. To tread on or
upon. (a) To trample; to set the foot on in contempt. "Thou shalt
tread upon their high places." Deut. xxxiii. 29. (b) to follow
closely. "Year treads on year." Wordsworth.
 -- To tread upon the heels of, to follow close upon. "Dreadful
consequences that tread upon the heels of those allowances to sin."
Milton.
One woe doth tread upon another's heel. Shak.

TREAD
Tread, v. t.

1. To step or walk on.
Forbid to tread the promised land he saw. Prior.
Methought she trod the ground with greater grace. Dryden.

2. To beat or press with the feet; as, to tread a path; to tread land
when too light; a well-trodden path.

3. To go through or accomplish by walking, dancing, or the like. " I
am resolved to forsake Malta, tread a pilgrimage to fair Jerusalem."
Beau. & Fl.
They have measured many a mile, To tread a measure with you on this
grass. Shak.

4. To crush under the foot; to trample in contempt or hatred; to
subdue.
Through thy name will we tread them under that rise up against us.
Ps. xliv. 5.

5. To copulate with; to feather; to cover; -- said of the male bird.
Chaucer. To tread out, to press out with the feet; to press out, as
wine or wheat; as, to tread out grain with cattle or horses.
 -- To tread the stage, to act as a stageplayer; to perform a part in
a drama.

TREAD
Tread, n.

1. A step or stepping; pressure with the foot; a footstep; as, a
nimble tread; a cautious tread.
She is coming, my own, my sweet; Were it ever so airy a tread, My
heart would hear her and beat. Tennyson.

2. Manner or style of stepping; action; gait; as, the horse has a
good tread.

3. Way; track; path. [R.] Shak.

4. The act of copulation in birds.

5. (Arch.)

Defn: The upper horizontal part of a step, on which the foot is
placed.

6. (Fort.)

Defn: The top of the banquette, on which soldiers stand to fire over
the parapet.

7. (Mach.)
(a) The part of a wheel that bears upon the road or rail.
(b) The part of a rail upon which car wheels bear.

8. (Biol.)

Defn: The chalaza of a bird's egg; the treadle.

9. (Far.)

Defn: A bruise or abrasion produced on the foot or ankle of a horse
that interferes. See Interfere, 3.

TREADBOARD
Tread"board`, n. [Arch.]

Defn: See Tread, n., 5.

TREADER
Tread"er, n.

Defn: One who treads. Isa. xvi. 10.

TREADFOWL
Tread"fowl`, n.

Defn: A cock. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TREADLE
Trea"dle, n. Etym: [OE. tredyl a step, AS. tredel. See Tread.]

1. The part of a foot lathe, or other machine, which is pressed or
moved by the foot.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The chalaza of a bird's egg; the tread.

TREADMILL
Tread"mill`, n.

Defn: A mill worked by persons treading upon steps on the periphery
of a wide wheel having a horizontal axis. It is used principally as a
means of prison discipline. Also, a mill worked by horses, dogs,
etc., treading an endless belt.

TREAD-SOFTLY
Tread"-soft`ly, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Spurge nettle. See under Nettle.

TREADWHEEL
Tread"wheel`, n.

Defn: A wheel turned by persons or animals, by treading, climbing, or
pushing with the feet, upon its periphery or face. See Treadmill.

TREAGUE
Treague, n. Etym: [It. tregua; of Teutonic origin, and akin to E.
true.]

Defn: A truce. [Obs.] Spenser.

TREASON
Trea"son, n. Etym: [OE. tresun, treisun, traisoun, OF. traïson, F.
trahison, L. traditio a giving up, a delivering up, fr. tradere to
give up, betray. See Traitor, and cf. Tradition.]

1. The offense of attempting to overthrow the government of the state
to which the offender owes allegiance, or of betraying the state into
the hands of a foreign power; disloyalty; treachery.
The treason of the murthering in the bed. Chaucer.

Note: In monarchies, the killing of the sovereign, or an attempt to
take his life, is treason. In England, to imagine or compass the
death of the king, or of the queen consort, or of the heir apparent
to the crown, is high treason, as are many other offenses created by
statute. In the United States, treason is confined to the actual
levying of war against the United States, or to an adhering to their
enemies, giving them aid and comfort.

2. Loosely, the betrayal of any trust or confidence; treachery;
perfidy.
If he be false, she shall his treason see. Chaucer.
Petit treason. See under Petit.

TREASONABLE
Trea"son*a*ble, a.

Defn: Pertaining to treason; consisting of treason; involving the
crime of treason, or partaking of its guilt.
Most men's heads had been intoxicated with imaginations of plots and
treasonable practices. Clarendon.

Syn.
 -- Treacherous; traitorous; perfidious; insidious. --
Trea"son*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Trea"son*a*bly, adv.

TREASONOUS
Trea"son*ous, a.

Defn: Treasonable. Shak.
The treasonous book of the Court of King James. Pepys.

TREASURE
Treas"ure, n. Etym: [OE. tresor, tresour, F. trésor, L. thesaurus,
Gr. Thesis, and cf. Thesaurus.]

1. Wealth accumulated; especially, a stock, or store of money in
reserve.
This treasure hath fortune unto us given. Chaucer.

2. A great quantity of anything collected for future use; abundance;
plenty.
We have treasures in the field, of wheat and of barley, and of oil
and of honey. Jer. xli. 8.

3. That which is very much valued.
Ye shall be peculiar treasure unto me. Ex. xix. 5.
From thy wardrobe bring thy chiefest treasure. Milton.
Treasure city, a city for stores and magazines. Ex. i. 11.

TREASURE
Treas"ure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Treasured; p. pr. & vb. n.
Treasuring.]

Defn: To collect and deposit, as money or other valuable things, for
future use; to lay up; to hoard; usually with up; as, to treasure up
gold.

TREASURE-HOUSE
Treas"ure-house`, n.

Defn: A house or building where treasures and stores are kept.

TREASURER
Treas"ur*er, n. Etym: [OE. tresourer, F. trésorier.]

Defn: One who has the care of a treasure or treasure or treasury; an
officer who receives the public money arising from taxes and duties,
or other sources of revenue, takes charge of the same, and disburses
it upon orders made by the proper authority; one who has charge of
collected funds; as, the treasurer of a society or corporation. Lord
high treasurer of England, formerly, the third great officer of the
crown. His office is now executed by five persons styled the lords
commissioners of the treasury, or treasury lords.

TREASURERSHIP
Treas"ur*er*ship, n.

Defn: The office of treasurer.

TREASURESS
Treas"ur*ess, n.

Defn: A woman who is a treasurer. [R.]

TREASURE-TROVE
Treas"ure-trove`, n. Etym: [Treasure + OF. trové, F. trouvé, p. p. of
OF. trover to find, F. trouver. See Trover.] (Common Law)

Defn: Any money, bullion, or the like, found in the earth, or
otherwise hidden, the owner of which is not known. In England such
treasure belongs to the crown; whereas similar treasure found in the
sea, or upon the surface of the land, belongs to the finder if no
owner appears.

TREASURY
Treas"ur*y, n.; pl. Treasuries. Etym: [OE. tresorie, F. trésorerie.]

1. A place or building in which stores of wealth are deposited;
especially, a place where public revenues are deposited and kept, and
where money is disbursed to defray the expenses of government; hence,
also, the place of deposit and disbursement of any collected funds.

2. That department of a government which has charge of the finances.

3. A repository of abundance; a storehouse.

4. Hence, a book or work containing much valuable knowledge, wisdom,
wit, or the like; a thesaurus; as, " Maunder's Treasury of Botany."

5. A treasure. [Obs.] Marston. Board of treasury, the board to which
is intrusted the management of all matters relating to the
sovereign's civil list or other revenues. [Eng.] Brande & C.
 -- Treasury bench, the first row of seats on the right hand of the
Speaker in the House of Commons; -- so called because occupied by the
first lord of the treasury and chief minister of the crown. [Eng.] --
Treasury lord. See Lord high treasurer of England, under Treasurer.
[Eng.] -- Treasury note (U. S. Finance), a circulating note or bill
issued by government authority from the Treasury Department, and
receivable in payment of dues to the government.

TREASURY STOCK
Treas"ur*y stock. (Finance)

Defn: Issued stock of an incorporated company held by the company
itself.

TREAT
Treat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Treated; p. pr. & vb. n. Treating.] Etym:
[OE. treten, OF. traitier, F. traiter, from L. tractare to draw
violently, to handle, manage, treat, v. intens. from trahere,
tractum, to draw. See Trace, v. t., and cf. Entreat, Retreat, Trait.]

1. To handle; to manage; to use; to bear one's self toward; as, to
treat prisoners cruelly; to treat children kindly.

2. To discourse on; to handle in a particular manner, in writing or
speaking; as, to treat a subject diffusely.

3. To entertain with food or drink, especially the latter, as a
compliment, or as an expression of friendship or regard; as, to treat
the whole company.

4. To negotiate; to settle; to make terms for. [Obs.]
To treat the peace, a hundred senators Shall be commissioned. Dryden.

5. (Med.)

Defn: To care for medicinally or surgically; to manage in the use of
remedies or appliances; as, to treat a disease, a wound, or a
patient.

6. To subject to some action; to apply something to; as, to treat a
substance with sulphuric acid. Ure.

7. To entreat; to beseech. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

TREAT
Treat, v. i.

1. To discourse; to handle a subject in writing or speaking; to make
discussion; -- usually with of; as, Cicero treats of old age and of
duties.
And, shortly of this story for to treat. Chaucer.
Now of love they treat. Milton.

2. To negotiate; to come to terms of accommodation; -- often followed
by with; as, envoys were appointed to treat with France.
Inform us, will the emperor treat! Swift.

3. To give a gratuitous entertainment, esp. of food or drink, as a
compliment.

TREAT
Treat, n.

1. A parley; a conference. [Obs.]
Bid him battle without further treat. Spenser.

2. An entertainment given as an expression of regard.

3. That which affords entertainment; a gratification; a satisfaction;
as, the concert was a rich treat.

TREATABLE
Treat"a*ble, a. Etym: [OE. tretable, F. traitable, L. tractabilis.
See Treat, and cf. Tractable.]

Defn: Manageable; tractable; hence, moderate; not violent. [Obs.] " A
treatable disposition, a strong memory." R. Parr.
A kind of treatable dissolution. Hooker.
The heats or the colds of seasons are less treatable than with us.
Sir W. Temple.

TREATABLY
Treat"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a treatable manner. [Obs.]

TREATER
Treat"er, n.

Defn: One who treats; one who handles, or discourses on, a subject;
also, one who entertains.

TREATISE
Trea"tise, n. Etym: [OE. tretis, OF. treitis, traitis, well made. See
Treat.]

1. A written composition on a particular subject, in which its
principles are discussed or explained; a tract. Chaucer.
He published a treatise in which he maintained that a marriage
between a member of the Church of England and a dissenter was a
nullity. Macaulay.

Note: A treatise implies more form and method than an essay, but may
fall short of the fullness and completeness of a systematic
exposition.

2. Story; discourse. [R.] Shak.

TREATISER
Trea"tis*er, n.

Defn: One who writes a treatise. [Obs.]

TREATMENT
Treat"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. traitement. See Treat.]

1. The act or manner of treating; management; manipulation; handling;
usage; as, unkind treatment; medical treatment.

2. Entertainment; treat. [Obs.]
Accept such treatment as a swain affords. Pope.

TREATURE
Trea"ture, n.

Defn: Treatment. [Obs.] Fabyan.

TREATY
Trea"ty, n.; pl. Treaties. Etym: [OE. tretee, F. traité, LL.
tractatus; cf. L. tractatus a handling, treatment, consultation,
tractate. See Treat, and cf. Tractate.]

1. The act of treating for the adjustment of differences, as for
forming an agreement; negotiation. "By sly and wise treaty." Chaucer.
He cast by treaty and by trains Her to persuade. Spenser.

2. An agreement so made; specifically, an agreement, league, or
contract between two or more nations or sovereigns, formally signed
by commissioners properly authorized, and solemnly ratified by the
several sovereigns, or the supreme power of each state; an agreement
between two or more independent states; as, a treaty of peace; a
treaty of alliance.

3. A proposal tending to an agreement. [Obs.] Shak.

4. A treatise; a tract. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

TREBLE
Tre"ble, a. Etym: [OE. treble threefold, OF. treble, treible, L.
triplus. See Triple.]

1. Threefold; triple.
A lofty tower, and strong on every side With treble walls. Dryden.

2. (Mus.)
(a) Acute; sharp; as, a treble sound. Bacon.
(b) Playing or singing the highest part or most acute sounds; playing
or singing the treble; as, a treble violin or voice.

TREBLE
Tre"ble, adv.

Defn: Trebly; triply. [Obs.] J. Fletcher.

TREBLE
Tre"ble, n. Etym: [" It has been said to be a corruption of triplum
[Lat.], a third part, superadded to the altus and bassus (high and
low)." Grove.] (Mus.)

Defn: The highest of the four principal parts in music; the part
usually sung by boys or women; soprano.

Note: This is sometimes called the first treble, to distinguish it
from the second treble, or alto, which is sung by lower female
voices.

TREBLE
Tre"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trebled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trebling.]

1. To make thrice as much; to make threefold. "Love trebled life."
Tennyson.

2. To utter in a treble key; to whine. [Obs.]
He outrageously (When I accused him) trebled his reply. Chapman.

TREBLE
Tre"ble, v. i.

Defn: To become threefold. Swift.

TREBLENESS
Tre"ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being treble; as, the trebleness of
tones. Bacon.

TREBLET
Treb"let, n.

Defn: Same as Triblet.

TREBLY
Tre"bly, adv.

Defn: In a treble manner; with a threefold number or quantity;
triply. Swift.

TREBUCHET; TREBUCKET
Treb"u*chet, Tre"buck*et, n. Etym: [OF. trebuchet, trebukiet, an
engine of war for hurling stones, F. trébuchet a gin, trap, a kind of
balance, fr. OF. trebuchier, trebuquier, to stumble, trip, F.
trébucher.]

1. A cucking stool; a tumbrel. Cowell.

2. A military engine used in the Middle Ages for throwing stones,
etc. It acted by means of a great weight fastened to the short arm of
a lever, which, being let fall, raised the end of the long arm with
great velocity, hurling stones with much force.

3. A kind of balance for weighing. [Obs.]

TRECENTIST
Tre*cen"tist, n.

Defn: A member of the trecento, or an imitator of its
characteristics.

TRECENTO
Tre*cen"to, n. & a. [It., three hundred, abbr. for thirteen hundred.]

Defn: The fourteenth century, when applied to Italian art,
literature, etc. It marks the period of Dante, Petrarch, and
boccaccio in literature, and of Giotto in painting.

TRECHOMETER
Tre*chom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An odometer for vehicles. Knight.

TRECKSCHUYT
Treck"schuyt`, n. Etym: [D. trekschuit; trekken to draw + schuit a
boat. Cf. Trackscout.]

Defn: A covered boat for goods and passengers, used on the Dutch and
Flemish canals.

TREDDLE
Tred"dle, n. Etym: [See Treadle.]

1. See Treadle.

2. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obs.] Ford.

3. pl.

Defn: The dung of sheep or hares. Holland.

TREDILLE
Tre*dille", n.

Defn: A game at cards for three.

TREE
Tree, n. Etym: [OE. tree, tre, treo, AS. treó, treów, tree, wood;
akin to OFries. tr, OS. treo, trio, Icel. tr, Dan. træ, Sw. trä,
träd, Goth. triu, Russ. drevo, W. derw an oak, Ir. darag, darog, Gr.
dru tree, wood, daru wood. Dryad, Germander, Tar, n., Trough.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any perennial woody plant of considerable size (usually over
twenty feet high) and growing with a single trunk.

Note: The kind of tree referred to, in any particular case, is often
indicated by a modifying word; as forest tree, fruit tree, palm tree,
apple tree, pear tree, etc.

2. Something constructed in the form of, or considered as resembling,
a tree, consisting of a stem, or stock, and branches; as, a
genealogical tree.

3. A piece of timber, or something commonly made of timber; -- used
in composition, as in axletree, boottree, chesstree, crosstree,
whiffletree, and the like.

4. A cross or gallows; as Tyburn tree.
[Jesus] whom they slew and hanged on a tree. Acts x. 39.

5. Wood; timber. [Obs.] Chaucer.
In a great house ben not only vessels of gold and of silver but also
of tree and of earth. Wyclif (2 Tim. ii. 20).

6. (Chem.)

Defn: A mass of crystals, aggregated in arborescent forms, obtained
by precipitation of a metal from solution. See Lead tree, under Lead.
Tree bear (Zoöl.), the raccoon. [Local, U.S.] -- Tree beetle (Zoöl.)
any one of numerous species of beetles which feed on the leaves of
trees and shrubs, as the May beetles, the rose beetle, the rose
chafer, and the goldsmith beetle.
 -- Tree bug (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of hemipterous
insects which live upon, and suck the sap of, trees and shrubs. They
belong to Arma, Pentatoma, Rhaphigaster, and allied genera.
 -- Tree cat (Zool.), the common paradoxure (Paradoxurus musang).
 -- Tree clover (Bot.), a tall kind of melilot (Melilotus alba). See
Melilot.
 -- Tree crab (Zoöl.), the purse crab. See under Purse.
 -- Tree creeper (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of arboreal
creepers belonging to Certhia, Climacteris, and allied genera. See
Creeper, 3.
 -- Tree cricket (Zoöl.), a nearly white arboreal American cricket
(Ecanthus nivoeus) which is noted for its loud stridulation; --
called also white cricket.
 -- Tree crow (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World crows
belonging to Crypsirhina and allied genera, intermediate between the
true crows and the jays. The tail is long, and the bill is curved and
without a tooth.
 -- Tree dove (Zoöl.) any one of several species of East Indian and
Asiatic doves belonging to Macropygia and allied genera. They have
long and broad tails, are chiefly arboreal in their habits, and feed
mainly on fruit.
 -- Tree duck (Zoöl.), any one of several species of ducks belonging
to Dendrocygna and allied genera. These ducks have a long and slender
neck and a long hind toe. They are arboreal in their habits, and are
found in the tropical parts of America, Africa, Asia, and Australia.
 -- Tree fern (Bot.), an arborescent fern having a straight trunk,
sometimes twenty or twenty-five feet high, or even higher, and
bearing a cluster of fronds at the top. Most of the existing species
are tropical.
 -- Tree fish (Zoöl.), a California market fish (Sebastichthys
serriceps).
 -- Tree frog. (Zoöl.) (a) Same as Tree toad. (b) Any one of numerous
species of Old World frogs belonging to Chiromantis, Rhacophorus, and
allied genera of the family Ranidæ. Their toes are furnished with
suckers for adhesion. The flying frog (see under Flying) is an
example.
 -- Tree goose (Zoöl.), the bernicle goose.
 -- Tree hopper (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small leaping
hemipterous insects which live chiefly on the branches and twigs of
trees, and injure them by sucking the sap. Many of them are very odd
in shape, the prothorax being often prolonged upward or forward in
the form of a spine or crest.
 -- Tree jobber (Zoöl.), a woodpecker. [Obs.] -- Tree kangaroo.
(Zoöl.) See Kangaroo.
 -- Tree lark (Zoöl.), the tree pipit. [Prov. Eng.] -- Tree lizard
(Zoöl.), any one of a group of Old World arboreal lizards
(Dendrosauria) comprising the chameleons.
 -- Tree lobster. (Zoöl.) Same as Tree crab, above.
 -- Tree louse (Zoöl.), any aphid; a plant louse.
 -- Tree moss. (Bot.) (a) Any moss or lichen growing on trees. (b)
Any species of moss in the form of a miniature tree.
 -- Tree mouse (Zoöl.), any one of several species of African mice of
the subfamily Dendromyinæ. They have long claws and habitually live
in trees.
 -- Tree nymph, a wood nymph. See Dryad.
 -- Tree of a saddle, a saddle frame.
 -- Tree of heaven (Bot.), an ornamental tree (Ailantus glandulosus)
having long, handsome pinnate leaves, and greenish flowers of a
disagreeable odor.
 -- Tree of life (Bot.), a tree of the genus Thuja; arbor vitæ.
 -- Tree onion (Bot.), a species of garlic (Allium proliferum) which
produces bulbs in place of flowers, or among its flowers.
 -- Tree oyster (Zoöl.), a small American oyster (Ostrea folium)
which adheres to the roots of the mangrove tree; -- called also
raccoon oyster.
 -- Tree pie (Zoöl.), any species of Asiatic birds of the genus
Dendrocitta. The tree pies are allied to the magpie.
 -- Tree pigeon (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of longwinged
arboreal pigeons native of Asia, Africa, and Australia, and belonging
to Megaloprepia, Carpophaga, and allied genera.
 -- Tree pipit. (Zoöl.) See under Pipit.
 -- Tree porcupine (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Central and
South American arboreal porcupines belonging to the genera Chætomys
and Sphingurus. They have an elongated and somewhat prehensile tail,
only four toes on the hind feet, and a body covered with short spines
mixed with bristles. One South American species (S. villosus) is
called also couiy; another (S. prehensilis) is called also coendou.
 -- Tree rat (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large ratlike
West Indian rodents belonging to the genera Capromys and Plagiodon.
They are allied to the porcupines.
 -- Tree serpent (Zoöl.), a tree snake.
 -- Tree shrike (Zoöl.), a bush shrike.
 -- Tree snake (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of snakes of the
genus Dendrophis. They live chiefly among the branches of trees, and
are not venomous.
 -- Tree sorrel (Bot.), a kind of sorrel (Rumex Lunaria) which
attains the stature of a small tree, and bears greenish flowers. It
is found in the Canary Islands and Teneriffe.
 -- Tree sparrow (Zoöl.) any one of several species of small arboreal
sparrows, especially the American tree sparrow (Spizella monticola),
and the common European species (Passer montanus).
 -- Tree swallow (Zoöl.), any one of several species of swallows of
the genus Hylochelidon which lay their eggs in holes in dead trees.
They inhabit Australia and adjacent regions. Called also martin in
Australia.
 -- Tree swift (Zoöl.), any one of several species of swifts of the
genus Dendrochelidon which inhabit the East Indies and Southern Asia.
 -- Tree tiger (Zoöl.), a leopard.
 -- Tree toad (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of amphibians
belonging to Hyla and allied genera of the family Hylidæ. They are
related to the common frogs and toads, but have the tips of the toes
expanded into suckers by means of which they cling to the bark and
leaves of trees. Only one species (Hyla arborea) is found in Europe,
but numerous species occur in America and Australia. The common tree
toad of the Northern United States (H. versicolor) is noted for the
facility with which it changes its colors. Called also tree frog. See
also Piping frog, under Piping, and Cricket frog, under Cricket.
 -- Tree warbler (Zoöl.), any one of several species of arboreal
warblers belonging to Phylloscopus and allied genera.
 -- Tree wool (Bot.), a fine fiber obtained from the leaves of pine
trees.

TREE
Tree, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Treed; p. pr. & vb. n. Treeing.]

1. To drive to a tree; to cause to ascend a tree; as, a dog trees a
squirrel. J. Burroughs.

2. To place upon a tree; to fit with a tree; to stretch upon a tree;
as, to tree a boot. See Tree, n., 3.

TREEBEARD
Tree"beard`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A pendulous branching lichen (Usnea barbata); -- so called from
its resemblance to hair.

TREE BURIAL
Tree burial.

Defn: Disposal of the dead by placing the corpse among the branches
of a tree or in a hollow trunk, a practice among many primitive
peoples.

TREE CALF
Tree calf.

Defn: A bright brown polished calfskin binding of  books, stained
with a conventional treelike design.

TREEFUL
Tree"ful, n.; pl. Treefuls (.

Defn: The quantity or number which fills a tree.

TREELESS
Tree"less, a

Defn: Destitute of trees. C. Kingsley.

TREEN
Treen, a. Etym: [AS. treówen.]

1. Made of wood; wooden. [Obs.] " Treen cups." Camden.

2. Relating to, or drawn from, trees. [Obs.] Spenser.
Treen liquors, especially that of the date. Evelyn.

TREEN
Treen, obs.

Defn: pl. of Tree. " The shady treen." Fairfax.

TREENAIL
Tree"nail`, n. Etym: [Tree + nail.] (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A long wooden pin used in fastening the planks of a vessel to
the timbers or to each other. [Written also trenail, and trunnel.]

TREF
Tref, a. [Yiddish, fr. Heb. terephah an animal torn by wild beasts.]

Defn: Ceremonially unclean, according to the Jewish law; -- opposed
to kosher.

TREFLE
Tre"fle, n. Etym: [F. tréfle. See Trefoil.] (Fort.)

Defn: A species of time; -- so called from its resemblance in form to
a trefoil.

TREFLE
Tré`flé", a. Etym: [F. tréflé. See Trefoil.] (Her.)

Defn: Having a three-lobed extremity or extremities, as a cross;
also, more rarely, ornamented with trefoils projecting from the
edges, as a bearing.

TREFOIL
Tre"foil, n. Etym: [L. tres three + E. foil leaf; cf. F. frèfle, It.
trifoglio, L. trifolium. See Tri-, Foil leaf, and cf. Trifoly.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Trifolium, which includes the white
clover, red clover, etc.; -- less properly, applied also to the
nonesuch, or black medic. See Clover, and Medic.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornamental foliation consisting of three divisions, or
foils.

3. (Her.)

Defn: A charge representing the clover leaf.

TREFOILED
Tre"foiled`, a. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Tréflé.

TREGET
Treg"et, n. Etym: [See Tregetour.]

Defn: Guile; trickery. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

TREGETOUR
Treg"et*our, n. Etym: [OE. tresgeteor. See Trans-, and Jet a shooting
forth.]

Defn: A juggler who produces illusions by the use of elaborate
machinery. [Obs.]
Divers appearances Such as these subtle tregetours play. Chaucer.

TREGETRY
Treg"et*ry, n.

Defn: Trickery; also, a trick. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

TREHALA
Tre*ha"la, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An amorphous variety of manna obtained from the nests and
cocoons of a Syrian coleopterous insect (Larinus maculatus, L.
nidificans, etc.) which feeds on the foliage of a variety of thistle.
It is used as an article of food, and is called also nest sugar.

TREHALOSE
Tre"ha*lose`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Mycose; -- so called because sometimes obtained from trehala.

TREILLAGE
Treil"lage, n. Etym: [F. treillage. See Trellis.]

Defn: Latticework for supporting vines, etc.; an espalier; a trellis.
Spectator.
I shall plant the roses against my treillage to-morrow. Walpole.

TREK
Trek, v. i.  [imp. & p. p. Trekked; p. pr. & vb. n. Trekking.]
[Written also treck.] [D. trekken. See Track, n.] [South Africa]

1. To draw or haul a load, as oxen.

2.  To travel, esp. by ox wagon; to go from place to place; to
migrate. [Chiefly South Africa]

One of the motives which induced the Boers of 1836 to trek out of the
Colony.
James Bryce.

TREK
Trek, n. [Written also treck.] [D. Cf. Track, n.]

Defn: The act of trekking; a drawing or a traveling; a journey; a
migration. [Chiefly South Africa]

To the north a trek was projected, and some years later was nearly
carried out, for the occupation of the Mashonaland.
James Bryce.

Great Trek, the great emigration of Boers from Cape Colony which
began in 1836, and resulted in the founding of the South African
Republic and Orange Free State.

TREKKER
Trek"ker, n. [D.]

Defn: One that treks. [Written also trecker.] [South Africa]  James
Bryce.

TREKOMETER
Trek*om"e*ter, n. [Cf. Trechometer.] (Mil.)

Defn: A field range finger used in the British service.

TRELLIS
Trel"lis, n. Etym: [OE. relis, F. treillis, fr. treille vine arbor,
fr. L. tricla, triclea, triclia, a bower, arbor, summer house.]

Defn: A structure or frame of crossbarred work, or latticework, used
for various purposes, as for screens or for supporting plants.

TRELLISED
Trel"lised, a.

Defn: Having a trellis or trellises.
Cottages trellised over with exotic plants. Jeffrey.

TREMANDO
Tre*man"do, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Trembling; -- used as a direction to perform a passage with a
general shaking of the whole chord.

TREMATODE
Trem"a*tode, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Trematodea. Also used adjectively.

TREMATODEA
Trem`a*to"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive order of parasitic worms. They are found in the
internal cavities of animals belonging to all classes. Many species
are found, also, on the gills and skin of fishes. A few species are
parasitic on man, and some, of which the fluke is the most important,
are injurious parasites of domestic animals. The trematodes usually
have a flattened body covered with a chitinous skin, and are
furnished with two or more suckers for adhesion. Most of the species
are hermaphrodite. Called also Trematoda, and Trematoidea. See Fluke,
Tristoma, and Cercaria.

TREMATOID
Trem"a*toid, a. Etym: [From Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: f or pertaining to the Trematodea. See Illustration in
Appendix.

TREMBLE
Trem"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trembled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trembling.]
Etym: [F. trembler, fr. L. tremulus trembling, tremulous, fr. tremere
to shake, tremble; akin to Gr. trimti. Cf. Tremulous, Tremor.]

1. To shake involuntarily, as with fear, cold, or weakness; to quake;
to quiver; to shiver; to shudder; -- said of a person or an animal.
I tremble still with fear. Shak.
Frighted Turnus trembled as he spoke. Dryden.

2. To totter; to shake; -- said of a thing.
The Mount of Sinai, whose gray top Shall tremble. Milton.

3. To quaver or shake, as sound; to be tremulous; as the voice
trembles.

TREMBLE
Trem"ble, n.

Defn: An involuntary shaking or quivering.
I am all of a tremble when I think of it. W. Black.

TREMBLER
Trem"bler, n.

Defn: One who trembles.

TREMBLING
Trem"bling, a.

Defn: Shaking; tottering; quivering.
 -- Trem"bling*ly, adv. Trembling poplar (Bot.), the aspen.

TREMELLA
Tre*mel"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. tremere, to tremble: cf. It.
tremella, F. tremelle.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of gelatinous fungi found in moist grounds.

TREMENDOUS
Tre*men"dous, a. Etym: [L. tremendus that is to be trembled at,
fearful, fr. tremere to tremble. See Tremble.]

Defn: Fitted to excite fear or terror; such as may astonish or
terrify by its magnitude, force, or violence; terrible; dreadful; as,
a tremendous wind; a tremendous shower; a tremendous shock or fall.
A tremendous mischief was a foot. Motley.

Syn.
 -- Terrible; dreadful; frightful; terrific; horrible; awful.
 -- Tre*men"dous*ly, adv.
 -- Tre*men"dous*ness, n.

TREMEX
Tre"mex, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large hymenopterous insects allied to the sawflies.
The female lays her eggs in holes which she bores in the trunks of
trees with her large and long ovipositor, and the larva bores in the
wood. See Illust. of Horntail.

Note: The pigeon tremex (Tremex columba), a common American species,
infests the elm, pear, and other trees.

TREMIE
Trem"ie, n. [F. trémie hopper.] (Hydraulic Engin.)

Defn: An apparatus for depositing and consolidating concrete under
water, essentially a tube of wood or sheet metal with a hooperlike
top. It is usually handled by a crane.

TREMOLANDO
Tre*mo*lan"do, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Same as Tremando.

TREMOLITE
Trem"o*lite, n. Etym: [From Tremola, a valley in the Alps, where it
was discovered.] (Min.)

Defn: A white variety of amphibole, or hornblende, occurring in long,
bladelike crystals, and coarsely fibrous masses.

TREMOLO
Tre"mo*lo, n. Etym: [It. Cf. Tremulous.] (Mus.)
(a) The rapid reiteration of tones without any apparent cessation, so
as to produce a tremulous effect.
(b) A certain contrivance in an organ, which causes the notes to
sound with rapid pulses or beats, producing a tremulous effect; --
called also tremolant, and tremulant.

TREMOR
Tre"mor, n. Etym: [L., from tremere to tremble. See Tremble, v.]

Defn: A trembling; a shivering or shaking; a quivering or vibratory
motion; as, the tremor of a person who is weak, infirm, or old.
He fell into an universal tremor of all his joints. Harvey.

TREMULANT; TREMULENT
Trem"u*lant, Trem"u*lent, a.

Defn: Tremulous; trembling; shaking. [R.] " With tremulent white
rod." Carlyle.

TREMULOUS
Trem"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. tremulus, fr. tremere to tremble. See
Tremble.]

1. Shaking; shivering; quivering; as, a tremulous limb; a tremulous
motion of the hand or the lips; the tremulous leaf of the poplar.

2. Affected with fear or timidity; trembling.
The tender, tremulous Christian. Dr. H. More.
-- Trem"u*lous*ly, adv.
 -- Trem"u*lous*ness, n.

TREN
Tren, n. Etym: [See Treen wooden.]

Defn: A fish spear. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

TRENAIL
Tre"nail`, n. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: Same as Treenail.

TRENCH
Trench, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trenched; p. pr. & vb. n. Trenching.]
Etym: [OF. trenchier to cut, F. trancher; akin to Pr. trencar,
trenchar, Sp. trinchar, It. trinciare; of uncertain origin.]

1. To cut; to form or shape by cutting; to make by incision, hewing,
or the like.
The wide wound that the boar had trenched In his soft flank. Shak.
This weak impress of love is as a figure Trenched in ice, which with
an hour's heat Dissolves to water, and doth lose its form. Shak.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: To fortify by cutting a ditch, and raising a rampart or
breastwork with the earth thrown out of the ditch; to intrench. Pope.
No more shall trenching war channel her fields. Shak.

3. To cut furrows or ditches in; as, to trench land for the purpose
of draining it.

4. To dig or cultivate very deeply, usually by digging parallel
contiguous trenches in succession, filling each from the next; as, to
trench a garden for certain crops.

TRENCH
Trench, v. i.

1. To encroach; to intrench.
Does it not seem as if for a creature to challenge to itself a
boundless attribute, were to trench upon the prerogative of the
divine nature I. Taylor.

2. To have direction; to aim or tend. [R.] Bacon. To trench at, to
make trenches against; to approach by trenches, as a town in
besieging it. [Obs.]
Like powerful armies, trenching at a town By slow and silent, but
resistless, sap. Young.

TRENCH
Trench, n. Etym: [OE. trenche, F. tranchée. See Trench, v. t.]

1. A long, narrow cut in the earth; a ditch; as, a trench for
draining land. Mortimer.

2. An alley; a narrow path or walk cut through woods, shrubbery, or
the like. [Obs.]
In a trench, forth in the park, goeth she. Chaucer.

3. (Fort.)

Defn: An excavation made during a siege, for the purpose of covering
the troops as they advance toward the besieged place. The term
includes the parallels and the approaches. To open the trenches
(Mil.), to begin to dig or to form the lines of approach. Trench
cavalier (Fort.), an elevation constructed (by a besieger) of
gabions, fascines, earth, and the like, about half way up the glacis,
in order to discover and enfilade the covered way.
 -- Trench plow, or Trench plough, a kind of plow for opening land to
a greater depth than that of common furrows.

TRENCHAND
Trench"and, a.

Defn: Trenchant. [Obs.] Spenser.

TRENCHANT
Trench"ant, a. Etym: [OF. trenchant, F. tranchant, p. pr. See Trench,
v. t.]

1. Fitted to trench or cut; gutting; sharp. " Trenchant was the
blade." Chaucer.

2. Fig.: Keen; biting; severe; as, trenchant wit.

TRENCHANTLY
Trench"ant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a trenchant, or sharp, manner; sharply; severely.

TRENCHER
Trench"er, n. Etym: [OE. trencheoir, F. tranchoir, fr. trancher to
cut, carve. See Trench, v. t.]

1. One who trenches; esp., one who cuts or digs ditches.

2. A large wooden plate or platter, as for table use.

3. The table; hence, the pleasures of the table; food.
It could be no ordinary declension of nature that could bring some
men, after an ingenuous education, to place their "summum bonum" upon
their trenchers. South.
Trencher cap, the cap worn by studens at Oxford and Cambridge
Universities, having a stiff, flat, square appendage at top. A
similar cap used in the United States is called Oxford cap, mortar
board, etc.
 -- Trencher fly, a person who haunts the tables of others; a
parasite. [R.] L'Estrange.
 -- Trencher friend, one who frequents the tables of others; a
sponger.
 -- Trencher mate, a table companion; a parasite; a trencher fly.
Hooker.

TRENCHER-MAN
Trench"er-man, n.; pl. Trencher-men (.

1. A feeder; a great eater; a gormandizer. Shak.

2. A cook. [Obs.]
The skillfulest trencher-men of Media. Sir P. Sidney.

3. A table companion; a trencher mate. Thackeray.

TRENCHMORE
Trench"more, n.

Defn: A kind of lively dance of a rude, boisterous character. Also,
music in triple time appropriate to the dance. [Obs.]
All the windows in the town dance new trenchmore. Beau. & Fl.

TRENCHMORE
Trench"more, v. i.

Defn: To dance the trenchmore. [Obs.] Marston.

TRENCH-PLOW; TRENCH-PLOUGH
Trench"-plow", Trench"-plough` v. t.

Defn: To plow with deep furrows, for the purpose of loosening the
land to a greater depth than usual.

TREND
Trend, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trended; p. pr. & vb. n. Trending.] Etym:
[OE. trenden to roll or turn about; akin to OFries. trind, trund,
round, Dan. & Sw. trind, AS. trendel a circle, ring, and E. trendle,
trundle.]

Defn: To have a particular direction; to run; to stretch; to tend;
as, the shore of the sea trends to the southwest.

TREND
Trend, v. t.

Defn: To cause to turn; to bend. [R.]
Not far beneath i' the valley as she trends Her silver stream. W.
Browne.

TREND
Trend, n.

Defn: Inclination in a particular direction; tendency; general
direction; as, the trend of a coast. Trend of an anchor. (Naut.) (a)
The lower end of the shank of an anchor, being the same distance on
the shank from the throat that the arm measures from the throat to
the bill. R. H. Dana, Jr. (b) The angle made by the line of a
vessel's keel and the direction of the anchor cable, when she is
swinging at anchor.

TREND
Trend, v. t. Etym: [Cf. G. & OD. trennen to separate.]

Defn: To cleanse, as wool. [Prov. Eng.]

TREND
Trend, n.

Defn: Clean wool. [Prov. Eng.]

TRENDER
Trend"er, n.

Defn: One whose business is to free wool from its filth. [Prov. Eng.]

TRENDLE
Tren"dle, n. Etym: [AS. trendel, tryndel, circle, ring. See Trend, v.
i., and cf. Trundle.]

Defn: A wheel, spindle, or the like; a trundle. [Obs.]
The shaft the wheel, the wheel, the trendle turns. Sylvester.

TRENNEL
Tren"nel, n.

Defn: Corrupt form of Treenail.

TRENTAL
Tren"tal, n. Etym: [LL. trentale, fr. L. triginta thirty; akin to
tres three: cf. OF. trentel. See Three, and cf. Trigintal.]

1. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: An office and mass for the dead on the thirtieth day after
death or burial. "Their trentals and their shrifts." Spenser.

2. Hence, a dirge; an elegy.

TRENTE ET QUARANTE
Trente" et` qua`rante". [F., lit., thirty and forty.]

Defn: Same as Rouge et noir, under Rouge.

TRENTON PERIOD
Tren"ton pe"ri*od. (Geol.)

Defn: A subdivision in the lower Silurian system of America; -- so
named from Trenton Falls, in New York. The rocks are mostly
limestones, and the period is divided into the Trenton, Utica, and
Cincinnati epochs. See the Chart of Geology.

TREPAN
Tre*pan", n. Etym: [F. trépan (cf. Sp. trépano, It. trepano,
trapano), LL. trepanum, fr. Gr. Trephine.]

1. (Surg.)

Defn: A crown-saw or cylindrical saw for perforating the skull,
turned, when used, like a bit or gimlet. See Trephine.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A kind of broad chisel for sinking shafts.

TREPAN
Tre*pan", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Trepanned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Trepanning.] Etym: [Cf. F. trépaner. See Trepan a saw.] (Surg.)

Defn: To perforate (the skull) with a trepan, so as to remove a
portion of the bone, and thus relieve the brain from pressure or
irritation; to perform an operation with the trepan.

TREPAN
Tre*pan", n. Etym: [See Trapan.]

1. A snare; a trapan.
Snares and trepans that common life lays in its way. South.

2. a deceiver; a cheat.
He had been from the beginning a spy and a trepan. Macaulay.

TREPAN
Tre*pan", v. t.

Defn: To insnare; to trap; to trapan.
Guards even of a dozen men were silently trepanned from their
stations. De Quincey.

TREPANG
Tre*pang", n. Etym: [Malay tripang.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large holothurians, some of which
are dried and extensively used as food in China; -- called also bêche
de mer, sea cucumber, and sea slug. [Written also tripang.]

Note: The edible trepangs are mostly large species of Holothuria,
especially H. edulis. They are taken in vast quantities in the East
Indies, where they are dried and smoked, and then shipped to China.
They are used as an ingredient in certain kinds of soup.

TREPANIZE
Trep"an*ize, v. t.

Defn: To trepan. [Obs.] "By trepanizing the skull." Jer. Taylor.

TREPANNER
Tre*pan"ner, n.

Defn: One who trepans. " Pitiful trepanners and impostors." Gauden.

TREPEGET
Trep"e*get, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A trebuchet. [Obs.]

TREPHINE
Tre*phine", n. Etym: [A dim. of 1st trepan: cf. F. tréphine.] (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for trepanning, being an improvement on the
trepan. It is a circular or cylindrical saw, with a handle like that
of a gimlet, and a little sharp perforator called the center pin.

TREPHINE
Tre*phine", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trephined; p. pr. & vb. n.
Trephining.]

Defn: To perforate with a trephine; to trepan.

TREPID
Trep"id, a. Etym: [L. trepidus.]

Defn: Trembling; quaking. Thackeray.

TREPIDATION
Trep`i*da"tion, n. Etym: [F. trépidation, L. trepidatio, fr.
trepidare to hurry with alarm, to tremble, from trepidus agitated,
disturbed, alarmed; cf. trepit he turns, Gr. torture.]

1. An involuntary trembling, sometimes an effect of paralysis, but
usually caused by terror or fear; quaking; quivering.

2. Hence, a state of terror or alarm; fear; confusion; fright; as,
the men were in great trepidation.

3. (Anc. Astron.)

Defn: A libration of the starry sphere in the Ptolemaic system; a
motion ascribed to the firmament, to account for certain small
changes in the position of the ecliptic and of the stars.

Syn.
 -- Tremor; agitation; disturbance; fear.

TREPIDITY
Tre*pid"i*ty, n.

Defn: Trepidation. [R.]

TRESAYLE
Tres"ayle` (três"al`), n. Etym: [F. trisaïeul, from L. tris, tres,
three + F. aïeul grandfather. Cf. Besaiel, and see Ayle.]

Defn: A grandfather's grandfather. [Obs.] Writ of tresayle (O. Eng.
Law), a writ which lay for a man claiming as heir to his
grandfather's grandfather, to recover lands of which he had been
deprived by an abatement happening on the ancestor's death. Mozley &
W.

TRESOR
Tres"or, n.

Defn: Treasure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TRESPASS
Tres"pass, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trespassed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Trespassing.] Etym: [OF. trespasser to go across or over, transgress,
F. trépasser to die; pref. tres- (L. trans across, over) + passer to
pass. See Pass, v. i., and cf. Transpass.]

1. To pass beyond a limit or boundary; hence, to depart; to go.
[Obs.]
Soon after this, noble Robert de Bruce . . . trespassed out of this
uncertain world. Ld. Berners.

2. (Law)

Defn: To commit a trespass; esp., to enter unlawfully upon the land
of another.

3. To go too far; to put any one to inconvenience by demand or
importunity; to intrude; as, to trespass upon the time or patience of
another.

4. To commit any offense, or to do any act that injures or annoys
another; to violate any rule of rectitude, to the injury of another;
hence, in a moral sense, to transgress voluntarily any divine law or
command; to violate any known rule of duty; to sin; -- often followed
by against.
In the time of his distress did he trespass yet more against the
Lord. 2 Chron. xxviii. 22.

TRESPASS
Tres"pass, n. Etym: [OF. tr, F. trépas death. See Trespass, v.]

1. Any injury or offence done to another.
I you forgive all wholly this trespass. Chaucer.
If ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father
forgive your trespasses. Matt. vi. 15.

2. Any voluntary transgression of the moral law; any violation of a
known rule of duty; sin.
The fatal trespass done by Eve. Milton.
You . . . who were dead in trespasses and sins. Eph. if. 1.

3. (Law)
(a) An unlawful act committed with force and violence (vi et armis)
on the person, property, or relative rights of another.
(b) An action for injuries accompanied with force. Trespass offering
(Jewish Antiq.), an offering in expiation of a trespass.
 -- Trespass on the case. (Law) See Action on the case, under Case.

Syn.
 -- Offense; breach; infringement; transgression; misdemeanor;
misdeed.

TRESPASSER
Tres"pass*er, n.

Defn: One who commits a trespass; as:
(a) (Law) One who enters upon another's land, or violates his rights.
(b) A transgressor of the moral law; an offender; a sinner.

TRESS
Tress, n. Etym: [OE. tresse, OF. trece, F. tresse, LL. tricia, fr.
Gr. tri`cha threefold, because a tress is usually formed by
interlacing three pieces; akin to trei^s three. See Three.]

1. A braid, knot, or curl, of hair; a ringlet.
Her yellow hair was braided in a tress. Chaucer.
Fair tresses man's imperial race insnare. Pope.

2. Fig.: A knot or festoon, as of flowers. Keats.

TRESSED
Tressed, a.

1. Having tresses.

2. Formed into ringlets or braided; braided; curled. Spenser.
Drayton.

TRESSEL
Tres"sel, n.

Defn: A trestle.

TRESSFUL
Tress"ful, a.

Defn: Tressy. [R.] Sylvester.

TRESSURE
Tres"sure, n. Etym: [F. tresser to twist, plait. See Tress, n.]
(Her.)

Defn: A kind of border similar to the orle, but of only half the
breadth of the latter.

TRESSURED
Tres"sured, a. (Her.)

Defn: Provided or bound with a tressure; arranged in the form of a
tressure.
The tressured fleur-de-lis he claims To wreathe his shield. Sir W.
Scott.

TRESSY
Tress"y, a.

Defn: Abounding in tresses. J. Baillie.

TRES-TINE
Tres"-tine`, n. [Cf. L. tris, tres, three, and E. tyne, tine, a
prong.]

Defn: The third tine above the base of a stag's antler; the royal
antler.

TRESTLE
Tres"tle, n. Etym: [OF. trestel, tresteay, F. tréteau; probably from
L. transtillum a little crossbeam, dim. of transtrum a crossbeam. Cf.
Transom.] [Written also tressel.]

1. A movable frame or support for anything, as scaffolding,
consisting of three or four legs secured to a top piece, and forming
a sort of stool or horse, used by carpenters, masons, and other
workmen; also, a kind of framework of strong posts or piles, and
crossbeams, for supporting a bridge, the track of a railway, or the
like.

2. The frame of a table. Trestle board, a board used by architects,
draughtsmen, and the like, for drawing designs upon; -- so called
because commonly supported by trestles.
 -- Trestle bridge. See under Bridge, n.

TRESTLETREE
Tres"tle*tree`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: One of two strong bars of timber, fixed horizontally on the
opposite sides of the masthead, to support the crosstrees and the
frame of the top; -- generally used in the plural. Totten.

TRESTLEWORK
Tres"tle*work`, n.

Defn: A viaduct, pier, scaffold, or the like, resting on trestles
connected together.

TRES-TYNE
Tres"-tyne`, n. Etym: [L. tris, tres, three + E. tyne.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: In the antler of a stag, the third tyne above the base. This
tyne appears in the third year. In those deer in which the brow tyne
does not divide, the tres-tyne is the second tyne above the base. See
Illust. under Rucervine, and under Rusine.

TRET
Tret, obs.

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Tread, for treadeth. Chaucer.

TRET
Tret, n. Etym: [F. traite a drawing, trading, journey, tax on wares
in transit, anything diminishing the value of coins, fr. OF. traire
to draw, L. trahere. See Trait.] (Com.)

Defn: An allowance to purchasers, for waste or refuse matter, of four
pounds on every 104 pounds of suttle weight, or weight after the tare
deducted. M'Culloch.

TRETABLE
Tret"a*ble, a. Etym: [See Treatable.]

Defn: Tractable; moderate. [Obs.]
By nature debonaire and tretable. Chaucer.

TRETHING
Treth"ing, n. Etym: [W. treth an allowance, contribution, tribute, or
tax, trethu to rate or tax.]

Defn: A tax; an impost. [Obs.] Johnson.

TRETIS; TRETYS
Tre"tis, Tre"tys, n. Etym: [See Treatise.]

Defn: A treatise; also, a treaty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TRETIS; TRETYS
Tre*tis", Tre*tys", a. Etym: [OF. traitis.]

Defn: Long and well-proportioned; nicely made; pretty. [Obs.] "Her
nose tretys." Chaucer.

TREVAT
Tre"vat, n.

Defn: A weaver's cutting instrument; for severing the loops of the
pile threads of velvet.

TREVET
Trev"et, n. Etym: [See Trivet.]

Defn: A stool or other thing supported by three legs; a trivet.

TREW; TREWE
Trew, Trewe, a.

Defn: True. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TREWS
Trews, n. pl.

Defn: Trowsers; especially, those of the Scotch Highlanders. "He wore
the trews, or close trowsers, made of tartan." Sir W. Scott.

TREWTH
Trewth, n.

Defn: Truth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TREY
Trey, n. Etym: [OF. treis three, F. trois, L. tres. See Three, and
cf. Tray-trip.]

Defn: Three, at cards, dice, or dominoes; a card, die, or domino of
three spots or pips.
Seven is my chance and thine is cinq and trey. Chaucer.

TRI-
Tri-. Etym: [Gr. tri- or L. tri-, sometimes through French; akin to
L. tres three, and E. three. See Three.]

1. A prefix meaning three, thrice, threefold; as in tricolored,
tridentate.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix (also used adjectively) denoting three proportional or
combining part, or the third degree of that to the name of which it
is prefixed; as in trisulphide, trioxide, trichloride.

TRIABLE
Tri"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Try.]

1. Fit or possible to be tried; liable to be subjected to trial or
test. "Experiments triable." Boyle.

2. (Law)

Defn: Liable to undergo a judicial examination; properly coming under
the cognizance of a court; as, a cause may be triable before one
court which is not triable in another.

TRIABLENESS
Tri"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being triable.

TRIACID
Tri*ac"id, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + acid.] (Chem.)

Defn: Capable of neutralizing three molecules of a monobasic acid or
the equivalent; having three hydrogen atoms which may be acid
radicals; -- said of certain bases; thus, glycerin is a triacid base.

TRIACLE
Tri"a*cle, n.

Defn: See Treacle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TRIACONTAHEDRAL
Tri`a*con`ta*he"dral, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having thirty sides.

TRIACONTER
Tri"a*con`ter, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A vessel with thirty banks of oars, or, as some say, thirty
ranks of rowers.

TRIAD
Tri"ad, n. Etym: [L.trias, -adis, Gr. triade. See Three, and cf.
Trias, Trio.]

1. A union of three; three objects treated as one; a ternary; a
trinity; as, a triad of deities.

2. (Mus.)
(a) A chord of three notes.
(b) The common chord, consisting of a tone with its third and fifth,
with or without the octave.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: An element or radical whose valence is three. Triads of the
Welsh bards, poetical histories, in which the facts recorded are
grouped by threes, three things or circumstances of a kind being
mentioned together.
 -- Hindoo triad. See Trimurti.

TRIADELPHOUS
Tri`a*del"phous, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having stamens joined by filaments into three bundles. See
Illust. under Adelphous.

TRIADIC
Tri*ad"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Having the characteristics of a triad; as, boron is triadic.

TRIAKISOCTAHEDRON
Tri"a*kis*oc`ta*he"dron, n. Etym: [Gr. octahedron.] (Crystalloq.)

Defn: A trigonal trisoctahedron.

TRIAL
Tri"al, n. Etym: [From Try.]

1. The act of trying or testing in any manner. Specifically: --
(a) Any effort or exertion of strength for the purpose of
ascertaining what can be done or effected.
[I] defy thee to the trial of mortal fight. Milton.

(b) The act of testing by experience; proof; test.
Repeated trials of the issues and events of actions. Bp. Wilkins.

(c) Examination by a test; experiment, as in chemistry, metallurgy,
etc.

2. The state of being tried or tempted; exposure to suffering that
tests strength, patience, faith, or the like; affliction or
temptation that exercises and proves the graces or virtues of men.
Others had trial of cruel mockings and scourgings. Heb. xi. 36.

3. That which tries or afflicts; that which harasses; that which
tries the character or principles; that which tempts to evil; as, his
child's conduct was a sore trial.
Every station is exposed to some trials. Rogers.

4. (Law)

Defn: The formal examination of the matter in issue in a cause before
a competent tribunal; the mode of determining a question of fact in a
court of law; the examination, in legal form, of the facts in issue
in a cause pending before a competent tribunal, for the purpose of
determining such issue.

Syn.
 -- Test; attempt; endeavor; effort; experiment; proof; essay. See
Test, and Attempt.

TRIAL BALANCE
Tri"al bal`ance. (Bookkeeping)

Defn: The testing of a ledger to discover whether the debits and
credits balance, by finding whether the sum of the personal credits
increased by the difference between the debit and credit sums in the
merchandise and other impersonal accounts equals the sum of personal
debits. The equality would not show that the items were all correctly
posted.

TRIALITY
Tri*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. tres, tria, three.]

Defn: Three united; state of being three. [R.] H. Wharton.

TRIALOGUE
Tri"a*logue, n. Etym: [LL.trialogus; tri- (see Tri-) + -logus as, in
L. dialogus, E. dialogue.]

Defn: A discourse or colloquy by three persons.

TRIAMIDE
Tri*am"ide, n. Etym: [tri- + amine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An amide containing three amido groups.

TRIAMINE
Tri*am"ine, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + amine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An amine containing three amido groups.

TRIANDER
Tri"an`der, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of the Triandria.

TRIANDRIA
Tri*an"dri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Tri-, and -androus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan class of plants having three distinct and equal
stamens.

TRIANDRIAN; TRIANDROUS
Tri*an"dri*an, Tri*an"drous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. triandre.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Triandria; having three distinct and
equal stamens in the same flower.

TRIANGLE
Tri"an`gle, n. Etym: [L. triangulum, fr. triangulus triangular; tri-
(see Tri-) + angulus angle: cf. F. triangle. See Angle a corner.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A figure bounded by three lines, and containing three angles.

Note: A triangle is either plane, spherical, or curvilinear,
according as its sides are straight lines, or arcs of great circles
of a sphere, or any curved lines whatever. A plane triangle is
designated as scalene, isosceles, or equilateral, according as it has
no two sides equal, two sides equal, or all sides equal; and also as
right-angled, or oblique-angled, according as it has one right angle,
or none; and oblique-angled triangle is either acute-angled, or
obtuse-angled, according as all the angles are acute, or one of them
obtuse. The terms scalene, isosceles, equilateral, right-angled,
acute-angled, and obtuse-angled, are applied to spherical triangles
in the same sense as to plane triangles.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument of percussion, usually made of a rod of steel,
bent into the form of a triangle, open at one angle, and sounded by
being struck with a small metallic rod.

3. A draughtsman's square in the form of a right-angled triangle.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of frame formed of three poles stuck in the ground and
united at the top, to which soldiers were bound when undergoing
corporal punishment, -- now disused.

5. (Astron.)
(a) A small constellation situated between Aries and Andromeda.
(b) A small constellation near the South Pole, containing three
bright stars. Triangle spider (Zoöl.), a small American spider
(Hyptiotes Americanus) of the family Ciniflonidæ, living among the
dead branches of evergreen trees. It constructs a triangular web, or
net, usually composed of four radii crossed by a double elastic
fiber. The spider holds the thread at the apex of the web and
stretches it tight, but lets go and springs the net when an insect
comes in contact with it.

TRIANGLED
Tri"an`gled, a.

Defn: Having three angles; triangular.

TRIANGULAR
Tri*an"gu*lar, a. Etym: [L. triangularis: cf. F. triangulaire.]

1. Having three angles; having the form of a triangle.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Oblong or elongated, and having three lateral angles; as, a
triangular seed, leaf, or stem. Triangular compasses, compasses with
three legs for taking off the angular points of a triangle, or any
three points at the same time.
 -- Triangular crab (Zoöl.), any maioid crab; -- so called because
the carapace is usually triangular.
 -- Triangular numbers (Math.), the series of numbers formed by the
successive sums of the terms of an arithmetical progression, of which
the first term and the common difference are 1. See Figurate numbers,
under Figurate.

TRIANGULARES
Tri*an`gu*la"res, n. pl. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The triangular, or maioid, crabs. See Illust. under Maioid, and
Illust. of Spider crab, under Spider.

TRIANGULARITY
Tri*an`gu*lar"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being triangular. Bolingbroke.

TRIANGULARLY
Tri*an"gu*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a triangular manner; in the form of a triangle. Dampier.

TRIANGULATE
Tri*an"gu*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Triangulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Triangulating.]

1. To divide into triangles; specifically, to survey by means of a
series of triangles properly laid down and measured.

2. To make triangular, or three-cornered.

TRIANGULATION
Tri*an`gu*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. triangulation.] (Surv.)

Defn: The series or network of triangles into which the face of a
country, or any portion of it, is divided in a trigonometrical
survey; the operation of measuring the elements necessary to
determine the triangles into which the country to be surveyed is
supposed to be divided, and thus to fix the positions and distances
of the several points connected by them.

TRIARCHY
Tri"ar*chy, n.; pl. Triarchies. Etym: [Gr. Tri-) +

Defn: Government by three persons; a triumvirate; also, a country
under three rulers. Holland.

TRIARIAN
Tri*a"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. triarii, pl., a class of Roman soldiers who
formed the third rank from the front, fr. tres, tria, three.]

Defn: Occupying the third post or rank. [Obs.] Cowley.

TRIARTICULATE
Tri`ar*tic"u*late, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + articulate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having three joints.

TRIAS
Tri"as, n. Etym: [L., triad. See Triad.] (Geol.)

Defn: The formation situated between the Permian and Lias, and so
named by the Germans, because consisting of three series of strata,
which are called in German the Bunter sandstein, Muschelkalk, and
Keuper.

TRIASSIC
Tri*as"sic, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Of the age of, or pertaining to, the Trias.
 -- n.

Defn: The Triassic formation.

TRIATIC
Tri*at"ic, a. (Naut.)

Defn: A term used in the phrase triatic stay. See under Stay.

TRIATOMIC
Tri`a*tom"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + atomic.] (Chem.)
(a) Having three atoms; -- said of certain elements or radicals.
(b) Having a valence of three; trivalent; sometimes, in a specific
sense, having three hydroxyl groups, whether acid or basic; thus,
glycerin, glyceric acid, and tartronic acid are each triatomic.

TRIBAL
Trib"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tribe or tribes; as, a tribal scepter.
Bp. Warburton.

TRIBALISM
Trib"al*ism, n.

Defn: The state of existing in tribes; also, tribal feeling; tribal
prejudice or exclusiveness; tribal peculiarities or characteristics.

TRIBASIC
Tri*ba"sic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + basic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Capable of neutralizing three molecules of a monacid base, or
their equivalent; having three hydrogen atoms capable of replacement
by basic elements on radicals; -- said of certain acids; thus, citric
acid is a tribasic acid.

TRIBBLE
Trib"ble, n. (Paper Manuf.)

Defn: A frame on which paper is dried. Knight.

TRIBE
Tribe, n. Etym: [L. tribus, originally, a third part of the Roman
people, afterwards, a division of the people, a tribe; of uncertain
origin: cf. F. tribu.]

1. A family, race, or series of generations, descending from the same
progenitor, and kept distinct, as in the case of the twelve tribes of
Israel, descended from the twelve sons of Jacob. "The Lion of the
tribe of Juda." Rev. v. 5.
A wealthy Hebrew of my tribe. Shak.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A number of species or genera having certain structural
characteristics in common; as, a tribe of plants; a tribe of animals.

Note: By many recent naturalists, tribe has been used for a group of
animals or plants intermediate between order and genus.family is
between order and genus.

3. A nation of savages or uncivilized people; a body of rude people
united under one leader or government; as, the tribes of the Six
Nations; the Seneca tribe.

4. A division, class, or distinct portion of a people, from whatever
cause that distinction may have originated; as, the city of Athens
was divided into ten tribes.

5. (Stock Breeding)

Defn: A family of animals descended from some particular female
progenitor, through the female line; as, the Duchess tribe of
shorthorns.

TRIBE
Tribe, v. t.

Defn: To distribute into tribes or classes. [R.]
Our fowl, fish, and quadruped are well tribed. Abp. Nicolson.

TRIBLET; TRIBOLET
Trib"let, Trib"o*let, n.} Etym: [F. triboulet.]

1. A goldsmith's tool used in making rings. Ainsworth.

2. A steel cylinder round which metal is drawn in the process of
forming tubes. Tomlinson.

3. (Blacksmithing)

Defn: A tapering mandrel.

TRIBOMETER
Tri*bom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. tribomètre.]

Defn: An instrument to ascertain the degree of friction in rubbing
surfaces. Brande & C.

TRIBRACH
Tri"brach, n. Etym: [L. tribrachys, Gr. Tri-) + (Gr. & L. Pros.)

Defn: A poetic foot of three short syllables, as, mèlì\'dcs.

TRIBRACTEATE
Tri*brac"te*ate, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + bracteate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having three bracts.

TRIBROMOPHENOL; TRIBROMPHENOL
Tri*bro`mo*phe"nol, Tri`brom*phe"nol, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless crystalline substance prepared by the reaction of
carbolic acid with bromine.

TRIBUAL; TRIBULAR
Trib"u*al, Trib"u*lar, a.

Defn: Of or relating to a tribe; tribal; as, a tribual
characteristic; tribular worship. [R.]
The tribual lispings of the Ephraimites. Fuller.

TRIBULATION
Trib`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [OE. tribulacium, F. tribulation, L.
tribulatio, from tribulare to press, afflict, fr. tribulum a
thrashing sledge, akin to terere, tritum, to rub. See Trite.]

Defn: That which occasions distress, trouble, or vexation; severe
affliction.
When tribulation or persecution ariseth because of the word, by and
by he is offended. Matt. xiii. 21.
In the world ye shall have tribulation. John. xvi. 33.

TRIBUNAL
Tri*bu"nal, n. Etym: [L. tribunal, fr. tribunus a tribune who
administered justice: cf. F. tribunal. See Tribune.]

1. The seat of a judge; the bench on which a judge and his associates
sit for administering justice.

2. Hence, a court or forum; as, the House of Lords, in England, is
the highest tribunal in the kingdom.

TRIBUNARY
Trib"u*na*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to tribunes; as, tribunary powers or
authority.

TRIBUNATE
Trib"u*nate, n. Etym: [L. tribunatus: cf. F. tribunat.]

Defn: The state or office of a tribune; tribuneship.

TRIBUNE
Trib"une, n. Etym: [L. tribunus, properly, the chief of a tribe, fr.
tribus tribe: cf. F. tribun. See Tribe.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An officer or magistrate chosen by the people, to protect them
from the oppression of the patricians, or nobles, and to defend their
liberties against any attempts that might be made upon them by the
senate and consuls.

Note: The tribunes were at first two, but their number was increased
ultimately to ten. There were also military tribunes, officers of the
army, of whom there were from four to six in each legion. Other
officers were also called tribunes; as, tribunes of the treasury,
etc.

2. Anciently, a bench or elevated place, from which speeches were
delivered; in France, a kind of pulpit in the hall of the legislative
assembly, where a member stands while making an address; any place
occupied by a public orator.

TRIBUNESHIP
Trib"une*ship, n.

Defn: The office or power of a tribune.

TRIBUNICIAN; TRIBUNITIAL; TRIBUNITIAN
Trib`u*ni"cian, Trib`u*ni"tial, Trib`u*ni*tian, a. Etym: [L.
tribunicius, tribunitius: cf. F. tribunitien.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to tribunes; befitting a tribune; as,
tribunitial power or authority. Dryden.
A kind of tribunician veto, forbidding that which is recognized to be
wrong. Hare.

TRIBUNITIOUS
Trib`u*ni"tious, a.

Defn: Tribunician; tribunitial. [Obs.] Bacon.

TRIBUTARILY
Trib"u*ta*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tributary manner.

TRIBUTARINESS
Trib"u*ta*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tributary.

TRIBUTARY
Trib"u*ta*ry, a. Etym: [OE. tributaire, F. tributaire, L.
tributarius. See Tribute.]

1. Paying tribute to another, either from compulsion, as an
acknowledgment of submission, or to secure protection, or for the
purpose of purchasing peace.
[Julius] unto Rome made them tributary. Chaucer.

2. Hence, subject; subordinate; inferior.
He to grace his tributary gods. Milton.

3. Paid in tribute. "Tributary tears." Shak.

4. Yielding supplies of any kind; serving to form or make up, a
greater object of the same kind, as a part, branch, etc.;
contributing; as, the Ohio has many tributary streams, and is itself
tributary to the Mississippi.

TRIBUTARY
Trib"u*ta*ry, n.; pl. Tributaries (.

1. A ruler or state that pays tribute, or a stated sum, to a
conquering power, for the purpose of securing peace and protection,
or as an acknowledgment of submission, or for the purchase of
security.

2. A stream or river flowing into a larger river or into a lake; an
affluent.

TRIBUTE
Trib"ute, n. Etym: [OE. tribut, L. tributum, fr. tribuere, tributum,
to bestow, grant, pay, allot, assign, originally, to a tribe, from
tribus tribe; cf. F. tribut. See Tribe, and cf. Attribute,
Contribute.]

1. An annual or stated sum of money or other valuable thing, paid by
one ruler or nation to another, either as an acknowledgment of
submission, or as the price of peace and protection, or by virtue of
some treaty; as, the Romans made their conquered countries pay
tribute.
Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute. C. C. Pinckney.

2. A personal contribution, as of money, praise, service, etc., made
in token of services rendered, or as that which is due or deserved;
as, a tribute of affection.
Implores the passing tribute of a sigh. Gray.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A certain proportion of the ore raised, or of its value, given
to the miner as his recompense. Pryce. Tomlinson. Tribute money,
money paid as a tribute or tax.
 -- Tribute pitch. (Mining) See under Tributer. [Eng.]

Syn.
 -- See Subsidy.

TRIBUTE
Trib"ute, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tributed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tributing.]

Defn: To pay as tribute. [R.] Whitlock (1654).

TRIBUTER
Trib"u*ter, n. (Mining)

Defn: One who works for a certain portion of the ore, or its value.
[Eng.]

Note: Tributers generally work in gangs, and have a limited portion
of a lode set them, called a tribute pitch, beyond which they are not
permitted to work, and for which they receive a certain portion of
the ore, or so much per pound, as agreed upon, of the value of what
they raise. Weale.

TRICA
Tri"ca, n.; pl. Tricæ. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: An apothecium in certain lichens, having a spherical surface
marked with spiral or concentric ridges and furrows.

TRICARBALLYLIC
Tri*car`bal*lyl"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + carboxyl + allyl + -ic.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex tribasic organic
acid, C3H5.(CO2H)3 occurring naturally in unripe beet roots, and
produced artificially from glycerin as a white crystalline substance.

TRICARBIMIDE
Tri*car"bi*mide, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + carbimide.] (Chem.)

Defn: See under Cyanuric.

TRICE
Trice, v. t. Etym: [OE. trisen; of Scand. or Low German origin; cf.
Sw. trissa a sheave, pulley, triss a spritsail brace, Dan. tridse a
pulley, tridse to haul by means of a pulley, to trice, LG. trisse a
pulley, D. trijsen to hoist.] [Written also trise.]

1. To pull; to haul; to drag; to pull away. [Obs.]
Out of his seat I will him trice. Chaucer.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To haul and tie up by means of a rope.

TRICE
Trice, n. Etym: [Sp. tris the noise made by the breaking of glass, an
instant, en un tris in an instant; probably of imitative origin.]

Defn: A very short time; an instant; a moment; -- now used only in
the phrase in a trice. "With a trice." Turbervile. " On a trice."
Shak.
A man shall make his fortune in a trice. Young.

TRICENNARIOUS
Tri`cen*na"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to thirty years; tricennial. [R.]

TRICENNIAL
Tri*cen"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. tricennium thirty years; triginta thirty
+ annus year: cf. L. tricennalis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to thirty years; consisting of thirty years;
occurring once in every thirty years.

TRICENTENARY
Tri*cen"te*na*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + centenary.]

Defn: Including, or relating to, the interval of three hundred years;
tercentenary.
 -- n.

Defn: A period of three centuries, or three hundred years, also, the
three-hundredth anniversary of any event; a tercentenary.

TRICEPS
Tri"ceps, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. triceps, having three beads; tres,
tria, three + caput head: cf. F. triceps. See Three, and Chief.]
(Anat.)

Defn: A muscle having three heads; specif., the great extensor of the
forearm, arising by three heads and inserted into the olecranon at
the elbow.

TRICHIASIS
Tri*chi"a*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A disease of the eye, in which the eyelashes, being turned in
upon the eyeball, produce constant irritation by the motion of the
lids.

TRICHINA
Tri*chi"na (-na), n.; pl. Trichinæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, slender nematoid worm (Trichina spiralis) which, in
the larval state, is parasitic, often in immense numbers, in the
voluntary muscles of man, the hog, and many other animals. When
insufficiently cooked meat containing the larvæ is swallowed by man,
they are liberated and rapidly become adult, pair, and the
ovoviviparous females produce in a short time large numbers of young
which find their way into the muscles, either directly, or indirectly
by means of the blood. Their presence in the muscles and the
intestines in large numbers produces trichinosis.

TRICHINIASIS
Trich`i*ni"a*sis, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Trichinosis.

TRICHINIZE
Trich"i*nize, v. t.

Defn: To render trichinous; to affect with trichinæ; -- chiefly used
in the past participle; as, trichinized pork.

TRICHINOSCOPE
Tri*chi"no*scope, n. Etym: [Trichina + -scope.]

Defn: An apparatus for the detection of trichinæ in the flesh of
animals, as of swine.

TRICHINOSIS
Trich`i*no"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Trichina.] (Med.)

Defn: The disease produced by the presence of trichinæ in the muscles
and intestinal track. It is marked by fever, muscular pains, and
symptoms resembling those of typhoid fever, and is frequently fatal.

TRICHINOUS
Trich"i*nous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to trichinæ or trichinosis; affected with, or
containing, trichinæ; as, trichinous meat.

TRICHITE
Trich"ite, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Min.)

Defn: A kind of crystallite resembling a bunch of hairs, common in
obsidian. See Illust. of Crystallite.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A delicate, hairlike siliceous spicule, found in certain
sponges. Trichite sheaf (Zoöl.), one of the small sheaflike fascicles
of slender setæ characteristic of certain sponges. See Illust. under
Spicule.

TRICHIURIFORM
Trich`i*u"ri*form, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the genus Trichiurus or family
Trichiuridæ, comprising the scabbard fishes and hairtails.

TRICHIUROID
Trich`i*u"roid, a. Etym: [Trichiurus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, like, or pertaining to, Trichiurus.

TRICHIURUS
Trich`i*u"rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fishes comprising the hairtails. See Hairtail.

TRICHLORIDE
Tri*chlo"ride, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + chloride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A chloride having three atoms of chlorine in the molecule.

TRICHOBRANCHIA
Trich`o*bran"chi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. branchia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gill of a crustacean in which the branchial filaments are
slender and cylindrical, as in the crawfishes.

TRICHOCYST
Trich"o*cyst, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lasso cell.

TRICHOGYNE
Trich"o*gyne, n. Etym: [F., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The slender, hairlike cell which receives the fertilizing
particles, or antherozoids, in red seaweeds.
 -- Trich`o*gyn"ic, a.

TRICHOMANES
Tri*chom"a*nes, n. Etym: [L., a kind of plant, from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any fern of the genus Trichomanes. The fronds are very delicate
and often translucent, and the sporangia are borne on threadlike
receptacles rising from the middle of cup-shaped marginal involucres.
Several species are common in conservatories; two are native in the
United States.

TRICHOMATOSE
Tri*chom"a*tose`, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Affected with a disease which causes agglutination and matting
together; -- said of the hair when affected with plica. See Plica, 1.

TRICHOME
Trich"ome, n. Etym: [See Trichomatose.] (Bot.)

Defn: A hair on the surface of leaf or stem, or any modification of a
hair, as a minute scale, or star, or gland. The sporangia of ferns
are believed to be of the nature of trichomes.
 -- Tri*chom"a*tous, a.

TRICHOPHORE
Trich"o*phore, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The special cell in red algæ which produces or bears a
trichogyne. See Illust. of Trichogyne.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the saclike organs from which the setæ of annelids
arise.
 -- Trich`o*phor"ic, a.

TRICHOPTER
Tri*chop"ter, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Trichoptera.

TRICHOPTERA
Tri*chop"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Neuroptera usually having the wings covered with
minute hairs. It comprises the caddice flies, and is considered by
some to be a distinct order.

TRICHOPTERAN
Tri*chop"ter*an, (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Trichoptera.

TRICHOPTEROUS
Tri*chop"ter*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or characterizing, the Trichoptera.

TRICHORD
Tri"chord, n. Etym: [Gr. Tri-) + , or string.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument, as a lyre or harp, having three strings.

TRICHOSCOLICES
Trich`o*scol"i*ces, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. tri`x, tricho`s, hair
+ skw`lhx a worm.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive group of wormlike animals characterized by being
more or less covered with cilia.

TRICHOTOMOUS
Tri*chot"o*mous, a. Etym: [See Trichotomy.]

Defn: Divided into three parts, or into threes; three-forked; as, a
trichotomous stem. Martyn.

TRICHOTOMY
Tri*chot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. tri`cha threefold, in three parts +
te`mnein to cut or divide: cf. F. trichotomie.]

Defn: Division into three parts.

TRICHROIC
Tri*chro"ic, a.

Defn: Exhibiting trichroism; pleochroic; pleochroism.

TRICHROISM
Tri"chro*ism, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. trichroïsme.] (Min.)

Defn: The quality possessed by some crystals of presenting different
colors in three different directions.

TRICHROMATIC
Tri`chro*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + chromatic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having or existing in three different phases of color; having
three distinct color varieties; -- said of certain birds and insects.

TRICHROMATISM
Tri*chro"ma*tism, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The quality, state, or phenomenon of being trichromatic.

TRICHROMIC
Tri*chro"mic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Opt.)

Defn: If, pertaining to, or consisting of, three colors or color
sensations.

TRICHROMIC
Tri*chro"mic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + chromic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Containing three atoms of chromium.

TRICIPITAL
Tri*cip"i*tal, a. Etym: [See Triceps.] (Anat.)

Defn: Having three heads, or three origins; as, a tricipital muscle.

TRICK
Trick, n. Etym: [D. trek a pull, or drawing, a trick, trekken to
draw; akin to LG. trekken, MHG. trecken, trechen, Dan. trække, and
OFries. trekka. Cf. Track, Trachery, Trig, a., Trigger.]

1. An artifice or stratagem; a cunning contrivance; a sly procedure,
usually with a dishonest intent; as, a trick in trade. tricks of the
trade mean simply specialized knowledge, in a good or neutral sense.
He comes to me for counsel, and I show him a trick. South.
I know a trick worth two of that. Shak.

2. A sly, dexterous, or ingenious procedure fitted to puzzle or
amuse; as, a bear's tricks; a juggler's tricks.

3. Mischievous or annoying behavior; a prank; as, the tricks of boys.
Prior.

4. A particular habit or manner; a peculiarity; a trait; as, a trick
of drumming with the fingers; a trick of frowning.
The trick of that voice I do well remember. Shak.
He hath a trick of Coeur de Lion's face. Shak.

5. A knot, braid, or plait of hair. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

6. (Card Playing)

Defn: The whole number of cards played in one round, and consisting
of as many cards as there are players.
On one nice trick depends the general fate. Pope.

7. (Naut.)

Defn: A turn; specifically, the spell of a sailor at the helm, --
usually two hours.

8. A toy; a trifle; a plaything. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
 -- Stratagem; wile; fraud; cheat; juggle; finesse; sleight;
deception; imposture; delusion; imposition.

TRICK
Trick, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tricked; p. pr. & vb. n. Tricking.]

1. To deceive by cunning or artifice; to impose on; to defraud; to
cheat; as, to trick another in the sale of a horse.

2. To dress; to decorate; to set off; to adorn fantastically; --
often followed by up, off, or out. " Trick her off in air." Pope.
People lavish it profusely in tricking up their children in fine
clothes, and yet starve their minds. Locke.
They are simple, but majestic, records of the feelings of the poet;
as little tricked out for the public eye as his diary would have
been. Macaulay.

3. To draw in outline, as with a pen; to delineate or distinguish
without color, as arms, etc., in heraldry.
They forget that they are in the statutes: . . . there they are
tricked, they and their pedigrees. B. Jonson.

TRICKER
Trick"er, n.

Defn: One who tricks; a trickster.

TRICKER
Trick"er, n.

Defn: A trigger. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Boyle.

TRICKERY
Trick"er*y, n.

Defn: The art of dressing up; artifice; stratagem; fraud; imposture.

TRICKINESS
Trick"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being tricky.

TRICKING
Trick"ing, a.

Defn: Given to tricks; tricky. Sir W. Scott.

TRICKING
Trick"ing, n.

Defn: Dress; ornament. Shak.

TRICKISH
Trick"ish, a.

Defn: Given to tricks; artful in making bargains; given to deception
and cheating; knavish.
 -- Trick"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Trick"ish*ness, n.

TRICKLE
Tric"kle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trickled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trickling.]
Etym: [OE. triklen, probably for striklen, freq. of striken to flow,
AS. str. See Strike, v. t.]

Defn: To flow in a small, gentle stream; to run in drops.
His salt tears trickled down as rain. Chaucer.
Fast beside there trickled softly down A gentle stream. Spenser.

TRICKMENT
Trick"ment, n.

Defn: Decoration. [Obs.] " No trickments but my tears." Beau. & Fl.

TRICKSINESS
Trick"si*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tricksy; trickiness. G. Eliot.

TRICKSTER
Trick"ster, n.

Defn: One who tricks; a deceiver; a tricker; a cheat.

TRICKSY
Trick"sy, a. Etym: [From Trick.]

Defn: Exhibiting artfulness; trickish. "My tricksy spirit!" Shak.
he tricksy policy which in the seventeenth century passed for state
wisdom. Coleridge.

TRICKTRACK
Trick"track`, n. Etym: [F. trictrac. Cf. Ticktack backgammon.]

Defn: An old game resembling backgammon.

TRICKY
Trick"y, a.

Defn: Given to tricks; practicing deception; trickish; knavish.

TRICLINATE
Tric"li*nate, a. (Min.)

Defn: Triclinic.

TRICLINIARY
Tri*clin"i*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. tricliniaris. See Triclinium.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a triclinium, or to the ancient mode of
reclining at table.

TRICLINIC
Tri*clin"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Having, or characterized by, three unequal axes intersecting at
oblique angles. See the Note under crystallization.

TRICLINIUM
Tri*clin"i*um, n.; pl. Triclinia. Etym: [L., from Gr. Tri-) + a
couch.] (Rom. Antiq.)
(a) A couch for reclining at meals, extending round three sides of a
table, and usually in three parts.
(b) A dining room furnished with such a triple couch.

TRICOCCOUS
Tri*coc"cous, a. Etym: [Gr. tri`kokkos with three grains or berries;
Tri-) + ko`kkos grain, seed.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having three cocci, or roundish carpels. Gray.

TRICOLOR
Tri"col`or, n. Etym: [F. tricolore, drapeau tricolore a tricolored
flag, fr. tricolore three-colored; tri (see Tri-) + L. color color.]
[Written also tricolour.]

1. The national French banner, of three colors, blue, white, and red,
adopted at the first revolution.

2. Hence, any three-colored flag.

TRICOLORED
Tri"col`ored, a.

Defn: Having three colors.

TRICORNIGEROUS
Tri`cor*nig"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. tricorniger; tricornis three-horned
(see Tri-, and Horn) + -gerere to bear.]

Defn: Having three horns.

TRICORPORAL; TRICORPORATE
Tri*cor"po*ral, Tri*cor"po*rate, a. Etym: [L. tricorpor; tri- (see
Tri-) + corpus, -oris, body.] (Her.)

Defn: Represented with three bodies conjoined to one head, as a lion.

TRICOSTATE
Tri*cos"tate, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + costate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Three-ribbed; having three ribs from the base.

TRICOT
Tri`cot", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A fabric of woolen, silk, or cotton knitted, or women to
resemble knitted work.

TRICROTIC
Tri*crot"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to tricrotism; characterized by tricrotism.

TRICROTISM
Tri"cro*tism, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: That condition of the arterial pulse in which there is a triple
beat. The pulse curve obtained in the sphygmographic tracing
characteristic of tricrotism shows two secondary crests in addition
to the primary.

TRICROTOUS
Tri"cro*tous, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Tricrotic.

TRICURVATE
Tri*cur"vate, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + curvate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Curved in three directions; as, a tricurvate spicule (see
Illust. of Spicule).

TRICUSPID
Tri*cus"pid, a. Etym: [L. tricuspis, -idis; tri- (see Tri-) + cuspis
a point: cf. F. tricuspide.]

1. Having three cusps, or points; tricuspidate; as, a tricuspid
molar.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tricuspid valves; as, tricuspid
obstruction. Tricuspid valve (Anat.), the valve, consisting of three
triangular membranous flaps, at the opening of the right auricle into
the right ventricle in the heart of most mammals; -- sometimes called
the tricuspid valves, each flap being regarded as a valve.

TRICUSPIDATE
Tricus"pid*ate, a.

Defn: Three-pointed; ending in three points; as, a tricuspidate leaf.

TRICYCLE
Tri"cy*cle, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + cycle as inbicycle.]

Defn: A three-wheeled velocipede. See Illust. under Velocipede. Cf.
Bicycle.

TRIDACNA
Tri*dac"na, n. Etym: [L., pl., a kind of oysters, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of very large marine bivalve shells found on the coral
reefs of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. One species (T. gigas) often
weighs four or five hundred pounds, and is sometimes used for
baptismal fonts. Called also paw shell, and fountain shell.

TRIDACTYL; TRIDACTYLE
Tri*dac"tyl Tri*dac"tyle, a. Etym: [Gr. Tri-) + tridactyle.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having three fingers or toes, or composed of three movable
parts attached to a common base.

TRIDACTYLOUS
Tri*dac"tyl*ous, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Tridactyl.

TRIDDLER
Trid"dler, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The jacksnipe. [Local, U.S.]

TRIDE
Tride, a. Etym: [Cf. F. tride lively, quick.]

Defn: Short and ready; fleet; as, a tride pace; -- a term used by
sportsmen. Bailey.

TRIDECANE
Tri*dec"ane, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon, C13H28, of the methane series, which is a
probable ingredient both of crude petroleum and of kerosene, and is
produced artificially as a light colorless liquid.

TRIDECATOIC
Tri`dec*a*to"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. de`katos tenth.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, that acid of the fatty acids
heterologous with tridecane. It is a white crystalline substance.

TRIDECATYLENE
Tri`de*cat"y*lene, n. Etym: [Pref. tri-+ Gr. ylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon, C13H26, of the ethylene series, corresponding to
tridecane, and obtained from Burmah petroleum as a light colorless
liquid; -- called also tridecylene, and tridecene.

TRIDENT
Tri"dent, n. Etym: [L. tridens, -entis; tri- (see Tri-) + dens tooth:
cf. F. trident. See Tooth.]

1. (Class Myth.)

Defn: A kind of scepter or spear with three prongs, -- the common
attribute of Neptune.

2. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A three-pronged spear or goad, used for urging horses; also,
the weapon used by one class of gladiators.

3. A three-pronged fish spear.

4. (Geom.)

Defn: A curve of third order, having three infinite branches in the
direction and a fourth infinite branch in the opposite direction.
Trident bat (Zoöl.), an Asiatic rhinolophid bat (Triænops Persicus),
having the nose membrane in the shape of a trident.

TRIDENT
Tri"dent, a. Etym: [L. tridens.]

Defn: Having three teeth or prongs; tridentate.

TRIDENTATE; TRIDENTATED
Tri*den"tate, Tri*den"ta*ted, a. Etym: [NL. tridentatus. See
Trident.]

Defn: Having three teeth; three-toothed. Lee.

TRIDENTED
Tri"dent*ed, a.

Defn: Having three prongs; trident; tridentate; as, a tridented mace.
[R.] Quarles.

TRIDENTIFEROUS
Tri`dent*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. tridentifer; tridens trident + ferre
to bear.]

Defn: Bearing a trident.

TRIDENTINE
Tri*den"tine, a. Etym: [From L. Tridentum Trent.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Trent, or the general church council held
in that city.

TRIDIAPASON
Tri*di`a*pa"son, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + diaposon.] (Anc. Mus.)

Defn: A triple octave, or twenty-second. Busby.

TRIDIMENSIONAL
Tri`di*men"sion*al, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + dimensional.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having three dimensions; extended in three different
directions.

TRIDING
Tri"ding, n.

Defn: A riding. See Trithing.

TRIDUAN
Trid"u*an, a. Etym: [L. triduanus, fr. triduum space of three days;
tri- + dies day.]

Defn: Lasting three lays; also, happening every third day. [R.]
Blount.

TRIDYMITE
Trid"y*mite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Pure silica, like quartz, but crystallizing in hexagonal
tables. It is found in trachyte and similar rocks.

TRIED
Tried,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Try. Also adj.

Defn: Proved; tested; faithful; trustworthy; as, a tried friend.

TRIEDRAL
Tri*e"dral, a.

Defn: See Trihedral.

TRIENNIAL
Tri*en"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. triennium the space of three years; tri-
(see Tri-) + annus year. See Annual.]

1. Continuing three years; as, triennial parliaments; a triennial
reign. Howell.

2. Happening, coming about, or appearing once in every three years;
as, triennial elections; a triennial catalogue; a triennial
visitation. T. Warton.

TRIENNIAL
Tri*en"ni*al, n.

Defn: Something which takes place or appears once in three years.

TRIENNIALLY
Tri*en"ni*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Once in three years.

TRIENS
Tri"ens, n. Etym: [L., from tres, tria, three.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A Roman copper coin, equal to one third of the as. See 3d As,
2.

TRIER
Tri"er, n. Etym: [From Try.]

1. One who tries; one who makes experiments; one who examines
anything by a test or standard. Boyle.

2. One who tries judicially.

3. (Law)

Defn: A person appointed according to law to try challenges of
jurors; a trior. Burrill.

4. That which tries or approves; a test. Shak.

TRIERARCH
Tri"er*arch, n. Etym: [L. trierarchus, Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)
(a) The commander of a trireme.
(b) At Athens, one who (singly, or jointly with other citizens) had
to fit out a trireme for the public service.

TRIERARCHY
Tri"er*arch`y, n.; pl. Trierarchises. Etym: [ Gr.

Defn: The office duty of a trierarch.

TRIETERICAL
Tri`e*ter"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. trietericus, Gr. Tri-.) +

Defn: Kept or occurring once in three years; triennial. [R.] J.
Gregory.

TRIETERICS
Tri`e*ter"ics, n. pl. Etym: [L. trieterica, pl., fr. Gr. (Class.
Antiq.)

Defn: Festival games celebrated once in three years. [R.] May.

TRIETHYLAMINE
Tri*eth`yl*am"ine, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + ethylamine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A tertiary amine analogous to trimethylamine.

TRIFACIAL
Tri*fa"cial, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + facial.] (Anat.)

Defn: See Trigeminal.

TRIFALLOW
Tri"fal`low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trifallowed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Trifallowing.] Etym: [Pref. tri- + fallow. Cf. Thryfallow.]

Defn: To plow the third time before sowing, as land. Mortimer.

TRIFARIOUS
Tri*fa"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. trifarius of three sorts or ways,
threefold; cf. Gr. Bifarious.] (Bot.)

Defn: Facing three ways; arranged in three vertical ranks, as the
leaves of veratrum.

TRIFASCIATED
Tri*fas"ci*a`ted, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + fasciated.]

Defn: Having, or surrounded by, three fasciæ, or bands.

TRIFID
Tri"fid, a. Etym: [L. trifidus; tri- (see Tri-) + the root of findere
to split: cf. F. trifide.]

Defn: Cleft to the middle, or slightly beyond the middle, into three
parts; three-cleft.

TRIFISTULARY
Tri*fis"tu*la*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + fistula, fistular.]

Defn: Having three pipes. Sir T. Browne.

TRIFLE
Tri"fle, n. Etym: [OE. trifle, trufle, OF. trufle mockery, raillery,
trifle, probably the same word as F. truffe truffle, the word being
applied to any small or worthless object. See Truffle.]

1. A thing of very little value or importance; a paltry, or trivial,
affair.
With such poor trifles playing. Drayton.
Trifles light as air Are to the jealous confirmation strong As proofs
of holy writ. Shak.
Small sands the mountain, moments make year, And frifles life. Young.

2. A dish composed of sweetmeats, fruits, cake, wine, etc., with
syllabub poured over it.

TRIFLE
Tri"fle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trifled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trifling.]
Etym: [OE. trifelen, truflen. See Trifle, n.]

Defn: To act or talk without seriousness, gravity, weight, or
dignity; to act or talk with levity; to indulge in light or trivial
amusements.
They trifle, and they beat the air about nothing which toucheth us.
Hooker.
To trifle with, to play the fool with; to treat without respect or
seriousness; to mock; as, to trifle with one's feelings, or with
sacred things.

TRIFLE
Tri"fle, v. t.

1. To make of no importance; to treat as a trifle. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To spend in vanity; to fritter away; to waste; as, to trifle away
money. "We trifle time." Shak.

TRIFLER
Tri"fler, n.

Defn: One who trifles. Waterland.

TRIFLING
Tri"fling, a.

Defn: Being of small value or importance; trivial; paltry; as, a
trifling debt; a trifling affair.
 -- Tri"fling*ly, adv.
 -- Tri"fling*ness, n.

TRIFLORAL; TRIFLOROUS
Tri*flo"ral, Tri*flo"rous, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + L. flos, floris,
flower.] (Bot.)

Defn: Three-flowered; having or bearing three flowers; as, a
triflorous peduncle.

TRIFLUCTUATION
Tri*fluc`tu*a"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + fluctuation.]

Defn: A concurrence of three waves. [Obs.] "A trifluctuation of
evils." Sir T. Browne.

TRIFOLIATE; TRIFOLIATED
Tri*fo"li*ate, Tri*fo"li*a`ted, a. Etym: [Tri- + foliate. Cf.
Trefoil.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having three leaves or leaflets, as clover. See Illust. of
Shamrock.

TRIFOLIOLATE
Tri*fo"li*o*late, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + foliolate.]

Defn: (Bot.) Having three leaflets.

TRIFOLIUM
Tri*fo"li*um, n. Etym: [L., clover.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous herbs with densely spiked flowers and
usually trifoliate leaves; trefoil. There are many species, all of
which are called clover. See Clover.

TRIFOLY
Tri"fo*ly, n. Etym: [L. trifolium. See Trifoliate, Trefoil.] (Bot.)

Defn: Sweet trefoil. [Obs.]
She was crowned with a chaplet of trifoly. B. Jonson.

TRIFORIUM
Tri*fo"ri*um, n. Etym: [LL., fr. L. tri- (see Tri-) + foris, pl.
fores, a door.] (Arch.)

Defn: The gallery or open space between the vaulting and the roof of
the aisles of a church, often forming a rich arcade in the interior
of the church, above the nave arches and below the clearstory
windows.

TRIFORM
Tri"form, a. Etym: [L. triformis; tri- (see Tri-) + forma form.]

Defn: Having a triple form or character. "This triform antagonism."
I. Taylor.
Goddess Triform, I own thy triple spell. Lowell.

TRIFORMITY
Tri*form"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. triformitas.]

Defn: The state of being triform, or of having a threefold shape.

TRIFURCATE; TRIFURCATED
Tri*fur"cate, Tri*fur"ca*ted, a. Etym: [L. trifurcus; tri- (see Tri-)
+ furca fork.]

Defn: Having three branches or forks; trichotomous.

TRIG
Trig, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Dan. trykke to press, Sw. trycka.]

Defn: To fill; to stuff; to cram. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

TRIG
Trig, a. Etym: [Formerly written trick, akin to trick to dress.]

Defn: Full; also, trim; neat. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
To sit on a horse square and trig. Brit. Quart. Rev.

TRIG
Trig, v. t. Etym: [See Trigger.]

Defn: To stop, as a wheel, by placing something under it; to scotch;
to skid.

TRIG
Trig, n. Etym: [See Trigger.]

Defn: A stone, block of wood, or anything else, placed under a wheel
or barrel to prevent motion; a scotch; a skid. [Eng.] Wright.

TRIGAMIST
Trig"a*mist, n. Etym: [See Trigamy.]

Defn: One who has been married three times; also, one who has three
husbands or three wives at the same time.

TRIGAMOUS
Trig"a*mous, a. Etym: [L. trigamus a thrice-married man, Gr. Tri-) +
trigame.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having three sorts of flowers in the same head, -- male,
female, and hermaphrodite, or perfect, flowers.

TRIGAMY
Trig"a*my, n. Etym: [L. trigamia,Gr. trigamie. See Trigamous.]

Defn: The act of marrying, or the state of being married, three
times; also, the offense of having three husbands or three wives at
the same time.

TRIGASTRIC
Tri*gas"tric, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having three bellies; -- said of a muscle. Dunglison.

TRIGEMINAL
Tri*gem"i*nal, a. Etym: [See Trigeminous.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, the fifth pair of cranial
nerves, which divide on each side of the head into three main
branches distributed to the orbits, jaws, and parts of the mouth;
trifacial.

TRIGEMINOUS
Tri*gem"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. trigeminus born three together; tri-
(see Tri-) + geminus twin. Cf. Tergeminous.]

Defn: Born three together; being one of three born at the same birth;
also, threefold. E. Phillip

TRIGENIC
Tri*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + gen- + -ic. So named in reference
to its composition, it being supposed to contain the radicals of
three molecules of cyanic acid.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C4H7N3O2, obtained,
by the action of the vapor of cyanic acid on cold aldehyde, as a
white crystalline substance having a slightly acid taste and faint
smell; -- called also ethidene- or ethylidene-biuret.

TRIGER PROCESS
Tri`ger proc"ess. [After M. Triger, French engineer.] (Engin. &
Mining)

Defn: A method of sinking through water-bearing ground, in which the
shaft is lined with tubbing and provided with an air lock, work being
proceeded with under air pressure.

TRIGESIMO-SECUNDO
Tri*ges"i*mo-se*cun"do, a. Etym: [L. in trigesimo-secundo in the
thirty-second.]

Defn: Having thirty-two leaves to a sheet; as, a trigesimo-secundo
form, book, leaf, size, etc.

TRIGESIMO-SECUNDO
Tri*ges"i*mo-se*cun"do, n.

Defn: A book composed of sheets so folded that each one makes thirty-
two leaves; hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a size of
book; -- usually written 32mo, or 32º, and called thirty-twomo.

TRIGGER
Trig"ger, n. Etym: [For older tricker, from D. trekker, fr. trekken
to draw, pull. See Trick, n.]

1. A catch to hold the wheel of a carriage on a declivity.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A piece, as a lever, which is connected with a catch or detent
as a means of releasing it; especially (Firearms), the part of a lock
which is moved by the finger to release the cock and discharge the
piece. Trigger fish (Zoöl.), a large plectognath fish (Balistes
Carolinensis or B. capriscus) common on the southern coast of the
United States, and valued as a food fish in some localities. Its
rough skin is used for scouring and polishing in the place of
sandpaper. Called also leather jacket, and turbot.

TRIGINTAL
Tri*gin`tal, n. Etym: [LL. trigintate, fr. L. triginta thirty. See
Trental.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A trental.

TRIGLYCERIDE
Tri*glyc"er*ide, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + glyceride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A glyceride formed by the replacement of three hydrogen atoms
in glycerin by acid radicals.

TRIGLYPH
Tri"glyph, n. Etym: [L. triglyphus, Gr. Tri-) + triglyphe.] (Arch.)

Defn: An ornament in the frieze of the Doric order, repeated at equal
intervals. Each triglyph consists of a rectangular tablet, slightly
projecting, and divided nearly to the top by two parallel and
perpendicular gutters, or channels, called glyphs, into three parts,
or spaces, called femora. A half channel, or glyph, is also cut upon
each of the perpendicular edges of the tablet. See Illust. of
Entablature.

TRIGLYPHIC; TRIGLYPHICAL
Tri*glyph"ic, Tri*glyph"ic*al, a.

1. Consisting of, or pertaining to, triglyphs.

2. Containing three sets of characters or sculptures.

TRIGNESS
Trig"ness, n. Etym: [See Trig trim, neat.]

Defn: The quality or state of being trig; smartness; neatness.
Their spars had no man-of-war trigness. Kane.

TRIGON
Tri"gon, n. Etym: [L. trigonum, Gr. Tri-) + trigone.]

1. A figure having three angles; a triangle.

2. (Astrol.)
(a) A division consisting of three signs.
(b) Trine, an aspect of two planets distant 120 degrees from each
other. Hutton.

3. (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.)
(a) A kind of triangular lyre or harp.
(b) A kind of game at ball played by three persons standing at the
angular points of a triangle.

TRIGON; TRIGONID
Tri"gon, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cutting region of the crown of an upper molar, usually the
anterior part. That of a lower molar is the Tri"go*nid.

TRIGONAL
Trig"o*nal, a.

Defn: Having three angles, or corners; triangular; as, a trigonal
stem, one having tree prominent longitudinal angles.

TRIGONE
Tri`gone", n. Etym: [F., literally, a trigon.] (Anat.)

Defn: A smooth triangular area on the inner surface of the bladder,
limited by the apertures of the ureters and urethra.

TRIGONIA
Tri*go"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Trigon. So called in allusion to the
triangular shape of some species.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of pearly bivalve shells, numerous extinct species of
which are characteristic of the Mesozoic rocks. A few living species
exist on the coast of Australia.

TRIGONOCEROUS
Trig`o*noc"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having horns with three angles, like those of some species of
goats.

TRIGONODONT
Trig"o*no*dont`, a. [See Trigon; Odonto.]

Defn: See Trituberculy.

TRIGONOMETRIC; TRIGONOMETRICAL
Trig`o*no*met"ric, Trig`o*no*met"ric*al,Etym: [Cf. F.
trigonométrique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to trigonometry; performed by the rules of
trigonometry. --Trig`o*no*met"ric*al*ly, adv. Trigonometrical curve,
a curve one of whose coördinates is a trigonometric function of the
other.
 -- Trigonometrical function. See under Function.
 -- Trigonometrical lines, lines which are employed in solving the
different cases of plane and spherical trigonometry, as sines,
tangents, secants, and the like. These lines, or the lengths of them,
are trigonometrical functions of the arcs and angles to which they
belong.
 -- Trigonometrical survey. See under Survey.

TRIGONOMETRY
Trig`o*nom"e*try, n.; pl. -tries. Etym: [Gr. -metry: cf. F.
trigonométrie. See Trigon.]

1. That branch of mathematics which treats of the relations of the
sides and angles of triangles, which the methods of deducing from
certain given parts other required parts, and also of the general
relations which exist between the trigonometrical functions of arcs
or angles.

2. A treatise in this science. Analytical trigonometry, that branch
of trigonometry which treats of the relations and properties of the
trigonometrical functions.
 -- Plane trigonometry, and Spherical trigonometry, those branches of
trigonometry in which its principles are applied to plane triangles
and spherical triangles respectively.

TRIGONOUS
Trig"o*nous, a. Etym: [L. trigonus, Gr. Trigon.]

Defn: Same as Trigonal.

TRIGRAM
Tri"gram, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + -gram.]

Defn: Same as Trigraph.

TRIGRAMMATIC
Tri`gram*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Containing three letters or characters, or three sets of
letters or characters.

TRIGRAMMIC
Tri*gram"mic, a. Etym: [Gr. Trigrammatic.]

Defn: Same as Trigrammatic.

TRIGRAPH
Tri"graph, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + -graph.]

Defn: Three letters united in pronunciation so as to have but one
sound, or to form but one syllable, as -ieu in adieu; a triphthong.

TRIGYN
Tri"gyn, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of the Trigynia.

TRIGYNIA
Tri*gyn"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., Gr. Tri-) + (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan order of plants having three pistils or styles.

TRIGYNIAN; TRIGYNOUS
Tri*gyn"i*an, Trig"y*nous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having three pistils or styles; of or pertaining to the
Trigynia.

TRIHEDRAL
Tri*he"dral, a. Etym: [See Trihedron.] (Geom.)

Defn: Having three sides or faces; thus, a trihedral angle is a solid
angle bounded by three plane angles. [Written also triedral.]

TRIHEDRON
Tri*he"dron, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Geom.)

Defn: A figure having three sides.

TRIHORAL
Tri*ho"ral, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + horal.]

Defn: Occurring once in every three hours.

TRIHYBRID
Tri*hy"brid, n. (Biol.)

Defn: A hybrid whose parents differ by three pairs of contrasting
Mendelian characters.

TRIJUGATE
Trij"u*gate, a. Etym: [See Trijugous.] (Bot.)

Defn: In three pairs; as, a trijugate leaf, or a pinnate leaf with
three pairs of leaflets.

TRIJUGOUS
Trij"u*gous, a. Etym: [L. trijugus threefold; tri- + jugum a yoke.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Same as Trijugate.

TRIKOSANE
Tri"ko*sane, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon, C23H48, of the methane series, resembling
paraffin; -- so called because it has twenty-three atoms of carbon in
the molecule.

TRILATERAL
Tri*lat"er*al, a.Etym: [L. trilaterus; tri- (see Tri-) + latus,
lateris, side: cf. F. trilatéral. See Lateral.] (Geom.)

Defn: Having three sides; being three-sided; as, a trilateral
triangle.
 -- Tri*lat"er*al*ly, adv.
 -- Tri*lat"er*al*ness, n.

TRILEMMA
Tri*lem"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Tri-) + any thing received, in
logic, an assumption. Cf. Dilemma.]

1. (Logic)

Defn: A syllogism with three conditional propositions, the major
premises of which are disjunctively affirmed in the minor. See
Dilemma.

2. A state of things in which it is difficult to determine which one
of three courses to pursue.

TRILINEAR
Tri*lin"e*ar, a. (Math.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or included by, three lines; as, trilinear
coördinates.

TRILINGUAL
Tri*lin"gual, a. Etym: [L. trilinguis; tri- (see Tri-) + lingua
tongue, language. See Lingual.]

Defn: Containing, or consisting of, three languages; expressed in
three languages.
The much-noted Rosetta stone . . . bears upon its surface a
trilingual inscription. I. Taylor.

TRILINGUAR
Tri*lin"guar, a.

Defn: See Trilingual.

TRILITERAL
Tri*lit"er*al, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + literal.]

Defn: Consisting of three letters; trigrammic; as, a triliteral root
or word.
 -- n.

Defn: A triliteral word.

TRILITERALISM
Tri*lit"er*al*ism, n.

Defn: Same as Triliterality.

TRILITERALITY; TRILITERALNESS
Tri*lit`er*al"i*ty, Tri*lit"er*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being triliteral; as, the triliterality of
Hebrew roots. W. D. Whitney.

TRILITH
Tri"lith, n.

Defn: Same as Trilithon. Mollett.

TRILITHIC
Tri*lith"ic a.

Defn: Pertaining to a trilith.

TRILITHON
Tril"i*thon (trîl"î*thôn), n.; pl. Trilithons Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.Tri-
) + (Archæol.)

Defn: A monument consisting of three stones; especially, such a
monument forming a kind of doorway, as among the ancient Celts.

TRILL
Trill, v. i. Etym: [OE. trillen to roll, turn round; of Scand.
origin; cf. Sw. trilla to roll, Dan. trilde, Icel. þyrla to whirl,
and E. thrill. Cf. Thrill.]

Defn: To flow in a small stream, or in drops rapidly succeeding each
other; to trickle. Sir W. Scott.
And now and then an ample tear trilled down Her delicate cheek. Shak.
Whispered sounds Of waters, trilling from the riven stone. Glover.

TRILL
Trill, v. t. Etym: [OE. trillen; cf. Sw. trilla to roll.]

Defn: To turn round; to twirl. [Obs.] Gascoigne.
Bid him descend and trill another pin. Chaucer.

TRILL
Trill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trilling.] Etym:
[It. trillare; probably of imitative origin.]

Defn: To impart the quality of a trill to; to utter as, or with, a
trill; as, to trill the r; to trill a note.
The sober-suited songstress trills her lay. Thomson.

TRILL
Trill, v. i.

Defn: To utter trills or a trill; to play or sing in tremulous
vibrations of sound; to have a trembling sound; to quaver.
To judge of trilling notes and tripping feet. Dryden.

TRILL
Trill, n. Etym: [It. trillo, fr. trillare. See Trill to shake.]

1. A sound, of consonantal character, made with a rapid succession of
partial or entire intermissions, by the vibration of some one part of
the organs in the mouth -- tongue, uvula, epiglottis, or lip --
against another part; as, the r is a trill in most languages.

2. The action of the organs in producing such sounds; as, to give a
trill to the tongue. d

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A shake or quaver of the voice in singing, or of the sound of
an instrument, produced by the rapid alternation of two contiguous
tones of the scale; as, to give a trill on the high C. See Shake.

TRILLACHAN
Tril"la*chan, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The oyster catcher. [Prov. Eng.]

TRILLING
Tril"ling, n. Etym: [Cf. G. drilling.]

1. One of tree children born at the same birth. Wright.

2. (Crystallog.)

Defn: A compound crystal, consisting of three individuals.

TRILLION
Tril"lion, n. Etym: [F. trillion, formed from the pref. tri- in
imitation of million a million. Cf. Billion.]

Defn: According to the French notation, which is used upon the
Continent generally and in the United States, the number expressed by
a unit with twelve ciphers annexed; a million millions; according to
the English notation, the number produced by involving a million to
the third power, or the number represented by a unit with eighteen
ciphers annexed. See the Note under Numeration.

TRILLIUM
Tril"li*um, n. Etym: [NL.; cf. L. trilix triple-woven, triple.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of liliaceous plants; the three-leaved nightshade; --
so called because all the parts of the plant are in threes.

TRILLO
Tril"lo, n. Etym: [It. See Trill.] (Mus.)

Defn: A trill or shake. See Trill.

TRILOBATE
Tri*lo"bate, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + lobate.]

Defn: Having three lobes.

TRILOBATION
Tri`lo*ba"tion, n.

Defn: The state of being trilobate.

TRILOBED
Tri"lobed, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + lobe.]

Defn: Same as Trilobate.

TRILOBITA
Tri`lo*bi"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct order of arthropods comprising the trilobites.

TRILOBITE
Tri"lo*bite (tri"lo*bit), n. Etym: [Cf. F. trilobite. See Trilobate.]
(Paleon.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of extinct arthropods belonging to
the order Trilobita. Trilobites were very common in the Silurian and
Devonian periods, but became extinct at the close of the Paleozoic.
So named from the three lobes usually seen on each segment.

TRILOBITIC
Tri`lo*bit"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to or containing, trilobites; as, trilobitic
rocks.

TRILOCULAR
Tri*loc"u*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + locular: cf. F. triloculaire.]

Defn: Having three cells or cavities; as, a trilocular capsule; a
trilocular heart.

TRILOGY
Tril"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. Tri-) + trilogie.]

Defn: A series of three dramas which, although each of them is in one
sense complete, have a close mutual relation, and form one historical
and poetical picture. Shakespeare's " Henry VI." is an example.
On the Greek stage, a drama, or acted story, consisted in reality of
three dramas, called together a trilogy, and performed consecutively
in the course of one day. Coleridge.

TRILUMINAR; TRILUMINOUS
Tri*lu"mi*nar, Tri*lu"mi*nous, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + L. lumen,
luminis, light.]

Defn: Having three lights [R.]

TRIM
Trim, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trimmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Trimming.] Etym:
[OE. trimen, trumen, AS. trymian, trymman, to prepare, dispose, make
strong, fr. trum firm, strong; of uncertain origin.]

1. To make trim; to put in due order for any purpose; to make right,
neat, or pleasing; to adjust.
The hermit trimmed his little fire. Goldsmith.

2. To dress; to decorate; to adorn; to invest; to embellish; as, to
trim a hat. trim a Christmas tree.
A rotten building newly trimmed over. Milton.
I was trimmed in Julia's gown. Shak.

3. To make ready or right by cutting or shortening; to clip or lop;
to curtail; as, to trim the hair; to trim a tree. " And trimmed the
cheerful lamp." Byron.

4. (Carp.)

Defn: To dress, as timber; to make smooth.

5. (Naut.)
(a) To adjust, as a ship, by arranging the cargo, or disposing the
weight of persons or goods, so equally on each side of the center and
at each end, that she shall sit well on the water and sail well; as,
to trim a ship, or a boat.
(b) To arrange in due order for sailing; as, to trim the sails.

6. To rebuke; to reprove; also, to beat. [Colloq.] To trim in
(Carp.), to fit, as a piece of timber, into other work.
 -- To trim up, to dress; to put in order.
I found her trimming up the diadem On her dead mistress. Shak.

TRIM
Trim, v. i.

Defn: To balance; to fluctuate between parties, so as to appear to
favor each.

TRIM
Trim, n.

1. Dress; gear; ornaments.
Seeing him just pass the window in his woodland trim. Sir W. Scott.

2. Order; disposition; condition; as, to be in good trim. " The trim
of an encounter." Chapman.

3. The state of a ship or her cargo, ballast, masts, etc., by which
she is well prepared for sailing.

4. (Arch)

Defn: The lighter woodwork in the interior of a building; especially,
that used around openings, generally in the form of a molded
architrave, to protect the plastering at those points. In ballast
trim (Naut.), having only ballast on board. R. H. Dana, Jr.
 -- Trim of the masts (Naut.), their position in regard to the ship
and to each other, as near or distant, far forward or much aft, erect
or raking.
 -- Trim of sails (Naut.), that adjustment, with reference to the
wind, witch is best adapted to impel the ship forward.

TRIM
Trim, a. [Compar. Trimmer; superl. Trimmest.] Etym: [See Trim, v. t.]

Defn: Fitly adjusted; being in good order., or made ready for service
or use; firm; compact; snug; neat; fair; as, the ship is trim, or
trim built; everything about the man is trim; a person is trim when
his body is well shaped and firm; his dress is trim when it fits
closely to his body, and appears tight and snug; a man or a soldier
is trim when he stands erect.
With comely carriage of her countenance trim. Spenser.
So deemed I till I viewed their trim array Of boats last night.
Trench.

TRIMACULATED
Tri*mac"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + maculated.]

Defn: Marked with three spots, or maculæ.

TRIMELLIC
Tri*mel"lic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + L. mel, gen. mellis, honey.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a certain tribasic acid
(called also trimellitic acid) metameric with trimesitic acid.

TRIMEMBRAL
Tri*mem"bral, a. Etym: [L. trimembris triplemembered. See Tri-, and
Member.]

Defn: Having, or consisting of, three members.

TRIMERA
Tri"me*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Tri-, and -mere.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Coleoptera including those which have but three
joints in the tarsi.

TRIMERAN
Tri"mer*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Trimera. Also used adjectively.

TRIMEROUS
Tri"mer*ous, a. Etym: [See Trimera.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the parts in threes.

TRIMESITIC
Tri`me*sit"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + mesitylene + -ic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a tribasic acid,
C6H3.(CO2)3, of the aromatic series, obtained, by the oxidation of
mesitylene, as a white crystalline substance. [Written also
trimesic.]

TRIMESTER
Tri*mes"ter, n. Etym: [L. trimestris of three months; tri- (see Tri-)
+ mensis month: cf. F. trimestre.]

Defn: A term or period of three months.

TRIMESTRAL
Tri*mes"tral, a.

Defn: Trimestrial. Southey.

TRIMESTRIAL
Tri*mes"tri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a trimester, or period of three months;
occurring once in every three months; quarterly.

TRIMETER
Trim"e*ter, a. Etym: [L. trimetrus, Gr. Tri-) + measure. See Meter
measure.] (Pros.)

Defn: Consisting of three poetical measures.
 -- n.

Defn: A poetical division of verse, consisting of three measures.
Lowth.

TRIMETHYL
Tri*meth"yl.

Defn: (Chem.) A prefix or combining form (also used adjectively)
indicating the presence of three methyl groups.

TRIMETHYLAMINE
Tri*meth`yl*am"ine, n. Etym: [Trimethyl- + amine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless volatile alkaline liquid, N.(CH3)3, obtained from
herring brine, beet roots, etc., with a characteristic herringlike
odor. It is regarded as a substituted ammonia containing three methyl
groups.

TRIMETHYLENE
Tri*meth"yl*ene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A gaseous hydrocarbon, C3H6, isomeric with propylene and
obtained from it indirectly. It is the base of a series of compounds
analogous to the aromatic hydrocarbons.

TRIMETRIC
Tri*met"ric, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Same as Orthorhombic.

TRIMETRICAL
Tri*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Same as Trimeter.

TRIMLY
Trim"ly, adv.

Defn: In a trim manner; nicely.

TRIMMER
Trim"mer, n.

1. One who trims, arranges, fits, or ornaments.

2. One who does not adopt extreme opinions in politics, or the like;
one who fluctuates between parties, so as to appear to favor each; a
timeserver.
Thus Halifax was a trimmer on principle. Macaulay.

3. An instrument with which trimming is done.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: A beam, into which are framed the ends of headers in floor
framing, as when a hole is to be left for stairs, or to avoid
bringing joists near chimneys, and the like. See Illust. of Header.

TRIMMING
Trim"ming,

Defn: a. from Trim, v.
The Whigs are, essentially, an inefficient, trimming, halfway sort of
a party. Jeffrey.
Trimming joist (Arch.), a joist into which timber trimmers are
framed; a header. See Header. Knight.

TRIMMING
Trim"ming, n.

1. The act of one who trims.

2. That which serves to trim, make right or fitting, adjust,
ornament, or the like; especially, the necessary or the ornamental
appendages, as of a garment; hence, sometimes, the concomitants of a
dish; a relish; -- usually in the pluraltrimmings..

3. The act of reprimanding or chastisting; as, to give a boy a
trimming. [Colloq.]

TRIMMINGLY
Trim"ming*ly, adv.

Defn: In a trimming manner.

TRIMNESS
Trim"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being trim; orderliness; compactness;
snugness; neatness.

TRIMORPH
Tri"morph, n. Etym: [See Trimorphous.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A substance which crystallizes in three distinct forms, or
which has three distinct physical states; also, any one of these
distinct forms. See Trimorphism, 1.

TRIMORPHIC; TRIMORPHOUS
Tri*mor"phic, Tri*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Gr. Tri-) +

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or characterized by, trimorphism; --
contrasted with monomorphic, dimorphic, and polymorphic.

TRIMORPHISM
Tri*mor"phism, n. Etym: [See Trimorphic.]

1. (Crystallog.)

Defn: The property of crystallizing in three forms fundamentally
distinct, as is the case with titanium dioxide, which crystallizes in
the forms of rutile, octahedrite, and brookite. See Pleomorphism.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The coëxistence among individuals of the same species of three
distinct forms, not connected, as a rule, by intermediate gradations;
the condition among individuals of the same species of having three
different shapes or proportions of corresponding parts; -- contrasted
with polymorphism, and dimorphism. Heterogonous trimporphism (Bot.),
that condition in which flowers of plants of the same species have
three different lengths of stamens, short, medium, and long, the
blossoms of one individual plant having short and medium stamens and
a long style, those of another having short and long stamens and a
style of medium length, and those of a third having medium and long
stamens and a short style, the style of each blossom thus being of a
length not represented by its stamens.

TRIMURTI
Tri*mur"ti, n. Etym: [Skr. trim; tri three + m body.] (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: The triad, or trinity, of Hindoo gods, consisting of Brahma,
the Creator, Vishnu, the Preserver, and Siva, the Destroyer. [Spelled
also Trimurtti.]

TRIMYARIAN
Trim`y*a"ri*an, n. Etym: [Pref. tri + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lamellibranch which has three muscular scars on each valve.

TRINAL
Tri"nal, a. Etym: [L. trinus triple, trini three each, fr. tres,
tria, three. See Three, and cf. Trine, a. & n., Tern, a.]

Defn: Threefold. "Trinal unity." Milton.
In their trinal triplicities on high. Spenser.

TRINDLE
Trin"dle, v. t. & n.

Defn: See Trundle.

TRINE
Trine, a. Etym: [See Trinal.]

Defn: Threefold; triple; as, trine dimensions, or length, breadth,
and thickness.

TRINE
Trine, n. Etym: [F. trine, trin. See Trinal.]

1. (Astrol.)

Defn: The aspect of planets distant from each other 120 degrees, or
one third of the zodiac; trigon.
In sextile, square, and trine. Milton.

2. A triad; trinity. [R.]
A single trine of brazen tortoises. Mrs. Browning.
Eternal One, Almighty Trine! Keble.

TRINE
Trine, v. t.

Defn: To put in the aspect of a trine. [R.]
By fortune he [Saturn] was now to Venus trined. Dryden.

TRINERVATE
Tri*nerv"ate, a. Etym: [NL. trinervatus; pref. tri- + L. nervus
nerve.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having three ribs or nerves extending unbranched from the base
to the apex; -- said of a leaf. Gray.

TRINERVE; TRINERVED
Tri"nerve`, Tri"nerved`, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + nerve.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Trinervate.

TRINGA
Trin"ga, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of limicoline birds including many species of
sandpipers. See Dunlin, Knot, and Sandpiper.

TRINGLE
Trin"gle, n. Etym: [F. tringle.]

Defn: A curtain rod for a bedstead.

TRINGOID
Trin"goid, a. Etym: [Tringa + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Tringa, or the Sandpiper family.

TRINITARIAN
Trin`i*ta"ri*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. trinitaire. See Trinity.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Trinity, the doctrine of the Trinity,
or believers in that doctrine.

TRINITARIAN
Trin`i*ta"ri*an, n.

1. One who believes in the doctrine of the Trinity.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a monastic order founded in Rome in 1198 by St. John of
Matha, and an old French hermit, Felix of Valois, for the purpose of
redeeming Christian captives from the Mohammedans.

TRINITARIANISM
Trin`i*ta"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of the Trinity; the doctrine that there are three
distinct persons in the Godhead.

TRINITROCELLULOSE
Tri*ni`tro*cel"lu*lose", n.

Defn: Gun cotton; -- so called because regarded as containing three
nitro groups.

TRINITROPHENOL
Tri*ni`tro*phe"nol, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Picric acid.

TRINITY
Trin"i*ty, n. Etym: [OE. trinitee, F. trinité, L. trinitas, fr. trini
three each. See Trinal.]

1. (Christian Theol.)

Defn: The union of three persons (the Father, the Son, and the Holy
Ghost) in one Godhead, so that all the three are one God as to
substance, but three persons as to individuality.

2. Any union of three in one; three units treated as one; a triad, as
the Hindoo trinity, or Trimurti.

3. Any symbol of the Trinity employed in Christian art, especially
the triangle. Trinity House, an institution in London for promoting
commerce and navigation, by licensing pilots, ordering and erecting
beacons, and the like.
 -- Trinity Sunday, the Sunday next after Whitsunday; -- so called
from the feast held on that day in honor of the Holy Trinity.
 -- Trinity term. (Law) See the Note under Term, n., 5.

TRINIUNITY
Trin`i*u"ni*ty, n. Etym: [See Trinity, and Unity.]

Defn: Triunity; trinity. [Obs.]
As for terms of trinity, triniunity, . . . and the like, they reject
them as scholastic notions. Milton.

TRINK
Trink, n.

Defn: A kind of fishing net. [Obs.] Crabb.

TRINKET
Trin"ket, n. Etym: [F. trinquet foremast, also, a certain sail,
trinquette a triangular sail, or Sp. trinquete triangular.] (Naut.)

Defn: A three-cornered sail formerly carried on a ship's foremast,
probably on a lateen yard.
Sailing always with the sheets of mainsail and trinket warily in our
hands. Hakluyt.

TRINKET
Trin"ket, n. Etym: [OE. trenket a sort of knife, hence, probably, a
toy knife worn as an ornament; probably from an Old French dialectic
form of trenchier to cut. Cf. Trench, v. t.]

1. A knife; a cutting tool. Tusser.

2. A small ornament, as a jewel, ring, or the like.

3. A thing of little value; a trifle; a toy.

TRINKET
Trin"ket, v. i.

Defn: To give trinkets; hence, to court favor; to intrigue. [Obs.]
South.

TRINKETER
Trin"ket*er, n.

Defn: One who trinkets. [Obs.]

TRINKETRY
Trin"ket*ry, n.

Defn: Ornaments of dress; trinkets, collectively.
No trinketry on front, or neck, or breast. Southey.

TRINKLE
Trin"kle, v. i.

Defn: To act secretly, or in an underhand way; to tamper. [Obs.]
Wright.

TRINOCTIAL
Tri*noc"tial, a. Etym: [L. trinoctialis for three nights; tri- (see
Tri-) + nox, noctis, night.]

Defn: Lasting during three nights; comprising three nights.

TRINODAL
Tri*nod"al, a. Etym: [L. trinodis three-knotted; tri- (see Tri-) +
nodus knot.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Having three knots or nodes; having three points from which a
leaf may shoot; as, a trinodal stem.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: Having three nodal points.

TRINOMIAL
Tri*no"mi*al, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + -nomial as in binomial: cf. F.
trinôme.] (Math.)

Defn: A quantity consisting of three terms, connected by the sign +
or -; as, x + y + z, or ax + 2b - c2.

TRINOMIAL
Tri*no"mi*al, a. (Math.)

Defn: Consisting of three terms; of or pertaining to trinomials; as,
a trinomial root.

TRINOMINAL
Tri*nom"i*nal, n. & a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + L. nomen, nominis, name:
cf. L. trinominis three-named.] (Math.)

Defn: Trinomial.

TRINUCLEUS
Tri*nu"cle*us, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + nucleus.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of Lower Silurian trilobites in which the glabella and
cheeks form three rounded elevations on the head.

TRIO
Tri"o, n. Etym: [It., fr. L. tres, tria, three: cf. F. trio, from the
Italian. See Three.]

1. Three, considered collectively; three in company or acting
together; a set of three; three united.
The trio were well accustomed to act together, and were linked to
each other by ties of mutual interest. Dickens.

2. (Mus.)
(a) A composition for three parts or three instruments.
(b) The secondary, or episodical, movement of a minuet or scherzo, as
in a sonata or symphony, or of a march, or of various dance forms; --
not limited to three parts or instruments.

TRIOBOLAR; TRIOBOLARY
Tri*ob"o*lar, Tri*ob"o*la*ry, a. Etym: [LL. triobolaris, fr. L.
triobolus a piece of three oboli, Gr. Tri-, and Obolus.]

Defn: Of the value of three oboli; hence, mean; worthless. [Obs.]
It may pass current . . . for a triobolar ballad. Cheyne.

TRIOCTILE
Tri*oc"tile, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + octile.] (Astrol.)

Defn: An aspect of two planets with regard to the earth when they are
three octants, or three eighths of a circle, that is, 135 degrees,
distant from each other. Hutton.

TRIOECIA
Tri*oe"ci*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Trioecious.] (Bot.)

Defn: The third order of the Linnæan class Polygamia.

TRIOECIOUS
Tri*oe"cious, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having three sorts of flowers on the same or on different
plants, some of the flowers being staminate, others pistillate, and
others both staminate and pistillate; belonging to the order
Trioecia.

TRIOLE
Tri"ole, n. Etym: [See Triolet.] (Mus.)

Defn: Same as Triplet.

TRIOLEIN
Tri*o"le*in, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + olein.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: See Olein.

TRIOLET
Tri"o*let, n. Etym: [F. triolet. See Trio.]

Defn: A short poem or stanza of eight lines, in which the first line
is repeated as the fourth and again as the seventh line, the second
being, repeated as the eighth. Brande & C.

TRIONAL
Tri"o*nal, n. [Pref. tri- + sulphonal; -- so called because it
contains three ethyls.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound similar to sulphonal, used as a hypnotic in
medicine.

TRIONYCHOIDEA
Tri*on`y*choi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Trionyx, and -old.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of chelonians which comprises Trionyx and allied
genera; -- called also Trionychoides, and Trionychina.

TRIONYX
Tri*on"yx, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Tri-) + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fresh-water or river turtles which have the shell
imperfectly developed and covered with a soft leathery skin. They are
noted for their agility and rapacity. Called also soft tortoise,
soft-shell tortoise, and mud turtle.

Note: The common American species (Trionyx, or Aspidonectus, ferox)
becomes over a foot in length and is very voracious. Similar species
are found in Asia and Africa.

TRIOR
Tri"or, n. (Law)

Defn: Same as Trier, 2 and 3.

TRIOSE
Tri"ose, n.  [Tri- + -ose.] (Chem.)
 (a) A sugar derived from a trihydric alcohol.
 (b) A trisaccharide.

TRIOXIDE
Tri*ox"ide, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + oxide.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oxide containing three atoms of oxygen; as, sulphur
trioxide, SO3; -- formerly called tritoxide.

TRIP
Trip, n. i. [imp. & p. p. Tripped; p. pr. & vb. n. Tripping.] Etym:
[OE. trippen; akin to D. trippen, Dan. trippe, and E. tramp. See
Tramp.]

1. To move with light, quick steps; to walk or move lightly; to skip;
to move the feet nimbly; -- sometimes followed by it. See It, 5.
This horse anon began to trip and dance. Chaucer.
Come, and trip it, as you go, On the light fantastic toe. Milton.
She bounded by, and tripped so light They had not time to take a
steady sight. Dryden.

2. To make a brief journey or pleasure excursion; as, to trip to
Europe.

3. To take a quick step, as when in danger of losing one's balance;
hence, to make a false; to catch the foot; to lose footing; to
stumble.

4. Fig.: To be guilty of a misstep; to commit an offense against
morality, propriety, or rule; to err; to mistake; to fail. "Till his
tongue trip." Locke.
A blind will thereupon comes to be led by a blind understanding;
there is no remedy, but it must trip and stumble. South.
Virgil is so exact in every word that none can be changed but for a
worse; he pretends sometimes to trip, but it is to make you think him
in danger when most secure. Dryden.
What dost thou verily trip upon a word R. Browning.

TRIP
Trip, v. t.

1. To cause to stumble, or take a false step; to cause to lose the
footing, by striking the feet from under; to cause to fall; to throw
off the balance; to supplant; -- often followed by up; as, to trip up
a man in wrestling.
The words of Hobbes's defense trip up the heels of his cause. Abp.
Bramhall.

2. Fig.: To overthrow by depriving of support; to put an obstacle in
the way of; to obstruct; to cause to fail.
To trip the course of law, and blunt the sword. Shak.

3. To detect in a misstep; to catch; to convict. [R.]
These her women can trip me if I err. Shak.

4. (Naut.)
(a) To raise (an anchor) from the bottom, by its cable or buoy rope,
so that it hangs free.
(b) To pull (a yard) into a perpendicular position for lowering it.

5. (Mach.)

Defn: To release, let fall, or see free, as a weight or compressed
spring, as by removing a latch or detent.

TRIP
Trip, n.

1. A quick, light step; a lively movement of the feet; a skip.
His heart bounded as he sometimes could hear the trip of a light
female step glide to or from the door. Sir W. Scott.

2. A brief or rapid journey; an excursion or jaunt.
I took a trip to London on the death of the queen. Pope.

3. A false step; a stumble; a misstep; a loss of footing or balance.
Fig.: An error; a failure; a mistake.
Imperfect words, with childish trips. Milton.
Each seeming trip, and each digressive start. Harte.

4. A small piece; a morsel; a bit. [Obs.] "A trip of cheese."
Chaucer.

5. A stroke, or catch, by which a wrestler causes his antagonist to
lose footing.
And watches with a trip his foe to foil. Dryden.
It is the sudden trip in wrestling that fetches a man to the ground.
South.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: A single board, or tack, in plying, or beating, to windward.

7. A herd or flock, as of sheep, goats, etc. [Prov. Eng. & Scott.]

8. A troop of men; a host. [Obs.] Robert of Brunne.

9. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flock of widgeons.

TRIPALMITATE
Tri*pal"mi*tate, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + palmitate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A palmitate derived from three molecules of palmitic acid.

TRIPALMITIN
Tri*pal"mi*tin, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + palmitin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: See Palmitin.

TRIPANG
Tri*pang", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Trepang.

TRIPARTED
Tri"part`ed, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + parted.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: Parted into three piece; having three parts or pieces; -- said
of the field or of a bearing; as, a cross triparted.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Divided nearly to the base into three segments or lobes.

TRIPARTIBLE
Tri*part"i*ble, a.

Defn: Divisible into three parts.

TRIPARTIENT
Tri*par"tient, a. Etym: [See Tripartite.] (Arith.)

Defn: Dividing into three parts; -- said of a number which exactly
divides another into three parts.

TRIPARTITE
Trip"ar*tite, a. Etym: [L. tripartitus; tri- (see Tri-) + partitus,
p. p. of partiri to part, to divide. See Part, v. i.]

1. Divided into three parts; triparted; as, a tripartite leaf.

2. Having three corresponding parts or copies; as, to make indentures
tripartite. A. Smith.

3. Made between three parties; as, a tripartite treaty.

TRIPARTITELY
Trip`ar*tite*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tripartite manner.

TRIPARTITION
Trip`ar*ti"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tripartition.]

Defn: A division by threes, or into three parts; the taking of a
third part of any number or quantity.

TRIPASCHAL
Tri*pas"chal, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + paschal.]

Defn: Including three passovers.

TRIPE
Tripe, n. Etym: [OE. tripe, F. tripe; of uncertain origin; cf. Sp. &
Pg. tripa, It. trippa, OD. tripe, W. tripa, Armor. stripen.]

1. The large stomach of ruminating animals, when prepared for food.
How say you to a fat tripe finely broiled Shak.

2. The entrails; hence, humorously or in contempt, the belly; --
generally used in the plural. Howell.

TRIPEDAL
Trip"e*dal, a. Etym: [L. tripedalis; tri- (see Tri-) + pes, pedis, a
foot.]

Defn: Having three feet.

TRIPE-DE-ROCHE
Tripe`-de-roche", n. Etym: [F.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Rock tripe, under Rock.

TRIPEL
Trip"el, n. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Tripoli.

TRIPEMAN
Tripe"man, n.; pl. -men (.

Defn: A man who prepares or sells tripe.

TRIPENNATE
Tri*pen"nate, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + pennate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Tripinnate.

TRIPERSONAL
Tri*per"son*al, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + personal.]

Defn: Consisting of three persons. Milton.

TRIPERSONALIST
Tri*per"son*al*ist, n.

Defn: A Trinitarian.

TRIPERSONALITY
Tri*per`son*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of existing as three persons in one Godhead; trinity.

TRIPERY
Trip"er*y, n. Etym: [Cf. F. triperie.]

Defn: A place where tripe is prepared or sold. London Quart. Rev.

TRIPESTONE
Tripe"stone`, n. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of anhydrite composed of contorted plates fancied to
resemble pieces of tripe.

TRIPETALOID
Tri*pet"al*oid, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + petaloid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form or appearance of three petals; appearing as if
furnished with three petals.

TRIPETALOUS
Tri*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + petalous: cf. F. tripétale.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having three petals, or flower leaves; three-petaled.

TRIP HAMMER
Trip" ham`mer.

Defn: A tilt hammer.

TRIPHANE
Tri"phane, n. Etym: [Gr. Tri-) + to appear cf. F. triphane.] (Min.)

Defn: Spodumene.

TRIPHTHONG
Triph"thong, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + -phthong, as in diphthong: cf. F.
triphthonque.] (Orthoëpy)

Defn: A combination of three vowel sounds in a single syllable,
forming a simple or compound sound; also, a union of three vowel
characters, representing together a single sound; a trigraph; as,
eye, -ieu in adieu, -eau in beau, are examples of triphthongs.

TRIPHTHONGAL
Triph*thon"gal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a triphthong; consisting of three vowel
sounds pronounced together in a single syllable.

TRIPHYLINE
Triph"y*line, n.

Defn: Triphylite.

TRIPHYLITE
Triph"y*lite, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a grayish-green or bluish color, consisting of the
phosphates of iron, manganese, and lithia.

Note: A salmon-colored or clove-brown variety containing but little
iron is known as lithiophilite.

TRIPHYLLOUS
Triph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. Tri-) + a leaf: cf. F. triphylle.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having three leaves; three-leaved.

TRIPINNATE
Tri*pin"nate, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + pinnate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having bipinnate leaflets arranged on each side of a rhachis.

TRIPINNATIFID
Tri`pin*nat"i*fid, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + pinnatifid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Thrice pinnately cleft; -- said of a pinnatifid leaf when its
segments are pinnatifid, and the subdivisions of these also are
pinnatifid.

TRIPITAKA
Tri*pit"a*ka, n. [Skr. tripitsaka.]

Defn: The three divisions, or "baskets" (pitakas), of buddhist
scriptures, -- the Vinayapitaka [Skr. Vinayapitsaka] , or Basket of
Discipline; Suttapitaka [Pali] , or Basket of Discourses; and
Abhidhammapitaka [Pali] , or Basket of Metaphysics.

TRIPLASIAN
Tri*pla"sian, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Three-fold; triple; treble. [Obs.] Cudworth.

TRIPLE
Tri"ple, a. Etym: [L. triplus; tri- (see Tri-) + -plus, as in duplus
double: cf. F. triple. See Double, and cf. Treble.]

1. Consisting of three united; multiplied by three; threefold; as, a
triple knot; a triple tie.
By thy triple shape as thou art seen. Dryden.

2. Three times repeated; treble. See Treble.

3. One of three; third. [Obs.] Shak. Triple crown, the crown, or
tiara, of the pope. See Tiara, 2.
 -- Triple-expansion steam engine, a compound steam engine in which
the same steam performs work in three cylinders successively.
 -- Triple measure (Mus.), a measure of tree beats of which first
only is accented.
 -- Triple ratio (Math.), a ratio which is equal to 3.
 -- Triple salt (Chem.), a salt containing three distinct basic atoms
as radicals; thus, microcosmic salt is a triple salt.
 -- Triple star (Astron.), a system of three stars in close
proximity.
 -- Triple time (Mus.), that time in which each measure is divided
into three equal parts.
 -- Triple valve, in an automatic air brake for railroad cars, the
valve under each car, by means of which the brake is controlled by a
change of pressure in the air pipe leading from the locomotive.

TRIPLE
Tri"ple, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tripled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tripling.]
Etym: [Cf. F. tripler. See Triple, a.]

Defn: To make threefold, or thrice as much or as many; to treble; as,
to triple the tax on coffee.

TRIPLE-CROWNED
Tri"ple-crowned`, a.

Defn: Having three crowns; wearing the triple crown, as the pope.

TRIPLE-HEADED
Tri"ple-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having three heads; three-headed; as, the triple-headed dog
Cerberus.

TRIPLET
Trip"let, n. Etym: [From Triple.]

1. A collection or combination of three of a kind; three united.

2. (Poetry)

Defn: Three verses rhyming together.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A group of three notes sung or played in the tree of two.

4. pl.

Defn: Three children or offspring born at one birth.

TRIPLE-TAIL
Tri"ple-tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An edible fish (Lobotes Surinamensis) found in the warmer parts
of all the oceans, and common on the southern and middle coasts of
the United States. When living it is silvery gray, and becomes brown
or blackish when dead. Its dorsal and anal fins are long, and extend
back on each side of the tail. It has large silvery scales which are
used in the manufacture of fancy work. Called also, locally, black
perch, grouper, and flasher.

TRIPLEX
Tri"plex, a. (Mach.)

Defn: Havingthree principal operative parts or motions, so as to
produce a three-fold effect.

TRIPLICATE
Trip"li*cate, a. Etym: [L. triplicatus, p. p. of triplicare to
triple, treble; tri- (see Tri-) + plicare to fold. See Ply, v. t.]

Defn: Made thrice as much; threefold; tripled. Triplicate ratio
(Math.), the ratio of the cubes of two quantities; thus, the
triplicate ratio of a to b is a3: b3.

TRIPLICATE
Trip"li*cate, n.

Defn: A third thing corresponding to two others of the same kind.

TRIPLICATE-TERNATE
Trip"li*cate-ter`nate, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Triternate.

TRIPLICATION
Trip"li*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. triplicatio: cf. F. triplication.]

1. The act of tripling, or making threefold, or adding three
together. Glanvill.

2. (Civil Law)

Defn: Same as Surrejoinder.

TRIPLICITY
Tri*plic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. triplicité, fr. L. triplex,
triplicis, threefold. See Triplicate, a.]

Defn: The quality or state of being triple, or threefold; trebleness.
In their trinal triplicities on high. Spenser.

TRIPLICOSTATE
Trip`li*cos"tate, a. Etym: [Triple + costate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Three-ribbed.

TRIPLITE
Trip"lite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. triplite. See Triple.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a dark brown color, generally with a fibrous,
massive structure. It is a fluophosphate of iron and manganese.

TRIPLOBLASTIC
Trip`lo*blas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. -blast + -ic.] (Biol.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, that condition of the ovum
in which there are three primary germinal layers, or in which the
blastoderm splits into three layers.

TRIPLOIDITE
Trip*loi"dite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A manganese phosphate near triplite, but containing hydroxyl
instead of fluorine.

TRIPLY
Trip"ly, adv.

Defn: In a triple manner.

TRIPMADAM
Trip"mad`am, n. Etym: [F. tripe-madame, trique-madame.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Prickmadam.

TRIPOD
Tri"pod, n. Etym: [L. tripus, -odis, Gr. Tri-) + Foot, and cf.
Tripos, Trivet.]

1. Any utensil or vessel, as a stool, table, altar, caldron, etc.,
supported on three feet.

Note: On such, a stool, in the temple of Apollo at Delphi, the
Pythian priestess sat while giving responses to those consulting the
Delphic oracle.

2. A three-legged frame or stand, usually jointed at top, for
supporting a theodolite, compass, telescope, camera, or other
instrument. Tripod of life, or Vital tripod (Physiol.), the three
organs, the heart, lungs, and brain; -- so called because their
united action is necessary to the maintenance of life.

TRIPODIAN
Tri*po"di*an, n. (Mus.)

Defn: An ancient stringed instrument; -- so called because, in form,
it resembled the Delphic tripod.

TRIPODY
Trip"o*dy, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + -pody, as in dipody.] (Pros.)

Defn: Three metrical feet taken together, or included in one measure.

TRIPOLI
Trip"o*li, n. (Min.)

Defn: An earthy substance originally brought from Tripoli, used in
polishing stones and metals. It consists almost wholly of the
siliceous shells of diatoms.

TRIPOLINE
Trip"o*line, a.

1. Of or pertaining to Tripoli or its inhabitants; Tripolitan.

2. Of or pertaining to tripoli, the mineral.

TRIPOLITAN
Tri*pol"i*tan, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Tripoli or its inhabitants; Tripoline.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Tripoli.

TRIPOS
Tri"pos, n.; pl. Triposes. Etym: [Gr. Tripod.]

1. A tripod. [Obs.] Dryden.

2. A university examination of questionists, for honors; also, a
tripos paper; one who prepares a tripos paper. [Cambridge University,
Eng.] Classical tripos examination, the final university examination
for classical honors, optional to all who have taken the mathematical
honors. C. A. Bristed.
 -- Tripos paper, a printed list of the successful candidates for
mathematical honors, accompanied by a piece in Latin verse. There are
two of these, designed to commemorate the two tripos days. The first
contains the names of the wranglers and senior optimes, and the
second the names of the junior optimes. The word tripos is supposed
to refer to the three-legged stool formerly used at the examinations
for these honors, though some derive it from the three brackets
formerly printed on the back of the paper. C. A. Bristed.

TRIPPANT
Trip"pant, a. (Her.)

Defn: See Tripping, a., 2.

TRIPPER
Trip"per, n.

1. One who trips or supplants; also, one who walks or trips nimbly; a
dancer.

2. An excursionist.

TRIPPET
Trip"pet, n. (Mach.)

Defn: A cam, wiper, or projecting piece which strikes another piece
repeatedly.

TRIPPING
Trip"ping, a.

1. Quick; nimble; stepping lightly and quickly.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Having the right forefoot lifted, the others remaining on the
ground, as if he were trotting; trippant; -- said of an animal, as a
hart, buck, and the like, used as a bearing.

TRIPPING
Trip"ping, n.

1. Act of one who, or that which, trips.

2. A light dance.
Other trippings to be trod of lighter toes. Milton.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The loosing of an anchor from the ground by means of its cable
or buoy rope. Tripping line (Naut.), a small rope attached to the
topgallant or royal yard, used to trip the yard, and in lowering it
to the deck; also, a line used in letting go the anchor. Luce.

TRIPPINGLY
Trip"ping*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tripping manner; with a light, nimble, quick step; with
agility; nimbly.
Sing, and dance it trippingly. Shak.
Speak the speech . . . trippingly on the tongue. Shak.

TRIPSIS
Trip"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
(a) Trituration. [R.]
(b) Shampoo. [R.]

TRIPTOTE
Trip"tote, n. Etym: [L. triptotum, Gr. Tri-) + (Gram.)

Defn: A noun having three cases only.

TRIPTYCH
Trip"tych, n. Etym: [Gr. Tri-) +

Defn: Anything in three parts or leaves. Specifically: --
(a) A writing tablet in three parts, two of which fold over on the
middle part.
(b) A picture or altarpiece in three compartments.

TRIPUDIARY
Tri*pu"di*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. tripudium a measured stamping, a
leaping, a solemn religious dance.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to dancing; performed by dancing. [R.] "
Tripudiary augurations." Sir T. Browne.

TRIPUDIATE
Tri*pu"di*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. tripudiare, tripudiatum.]

Defn: To dance. [R.] Cockeram.

TRIPUDIATION
Tri*pu`di*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. tripudiatio.]

Defn: The act of dancing. [R.] Bacon. Carlyle.

TRIQUADRANTAL
Tri`quad*ran"tal, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + quadrantal.] (Spherical
Trig.)

Defn: Having three quadrants; thus, a triquadrantal triangle is one
whose three sides are quadrants, and whose three angles are
consequently right angles.

TRIQUETRAL
Tri*que"tral, a.

Defn: Triquetrous.

TRIQUETROUS
Tri*que"trous, a. Etym: [L. triquetrus.]

Defn: Three sided, the sides being plane or concave; having three
salient angles or edges; trigonal.

TRIQUETRUM
Tri*que"trum, n.; pl. Triquetra. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the bones of the carpus; the cuneiform. See Cuneiform
(b).

TRIRADIATE; TRIRADIATED
Tri*ra"di*ate, Tri*ra"di*a`ted, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + radiate.]

Defn: Having three rays.

TRIRECTANGULAR
Tri`rec*tan"gu*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + rectangular.] (Spherical
Trig.)

Defn: Having three right angles. See Triquadrantal.

TRIREME
Tri"reme, n. Etym: [L. triremis; tri- (see Tri-) + remus an oar, akin
to E. row. See Row to propel with an oar.] (Class. Antiq.)

Defn: An ancient galley or vessel with tree banks, or tiers, of oars.

TRIRHOMBOIDAL
Tri`rhom*boid"al, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + rhomboidal.]

Defn: Having three rhombic faces or sides.

TRISACCHARIDE; TRISACCHARID
Tri*sac"cha*ride, n. Also -rid. (Chem.)

Defn: A complex sugar, as raffinose, yielding by hydrolysis three
simple sugar molecules.

TRISACRAMENTARIAN
Tri*sac`ra*men*ta"ri*an, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + sacramentarian.]
(Eccl.)

Defn: One who recognizes three sacraments, and no more; -- namely,
baptism, the Lord's Supper, and penance. See Sacrament.

TRISAGION
Tris*ag"i*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Eccl.)

Defn: An ancient anthem, -- usually known by its Latin name
tersanctus.See Tersanctus.

TRISECT
Tri*sect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trisected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Trisecting.] Etym: [Pref. tri- + L. sectus, p. p. of secare to cut.
See Section.]

1. To cut or divide into three parts.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: To cut or divide into three equal parts.

TRISECTED
Tri*sect"ed, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Divided into three parts or segments by incisions extending to
the midrib or to the base; -- said of leaves.

TRISECTION
Tri*sec"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. trisection.]

Defn: The division of a thing into three parts, Specifically: (Geom.)
the division of an angle into three equal parts.

TRISERALOUS
Tri*ser"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + sepal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having three sepals, or calyx leaves.

TRISERIAL; TRISERIATE
Tri*se"ri*al, Tri*se"ri*ate, a Etym: [Pref. tri- + serial, seriate.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Arranged in three vertical or spiral rows.

TRISKELION; TRISKELE
Tris*kel"i*on, or Tris"kele, n. [Gr.  three-legged. See Tri-;
Isosceles.]

Defn: A figure composed of three branches, usually curved, radiating
from a center, as the figure composed of three human legs, with bent
knees, which has long been used as a badge or symbol of Sicily and of
the Isle of Man.

TRISMUS
Tris"mus, n. Etym: [NL., form Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The lockjaw.

TRISNITRATE
Tris*ni"trate, n. Etym: [Gr. nitrate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrate formed from three molecules of nitric acid; also,
less properly, applied to certain basic nitrates; as, trisnitrate of
bismuth.

TRISOCTAHEDRON
Tris*oc`ta*he"dron, n. Etym: [Gr. octahedron.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A solid of the isometric system bounded by twenty-four equal
faces, three corresponding to each face of an octahedron. Tetragonal
trisoctahedron, a trisoctahedron each face of which is a
quadrilateral; called also trapezohedron and icositetrahedron.
 -- Trigonal trisoctahedron, a trisoctahedron each face of which is
an isosceles triangle.

TRISPAST; TRISPASTON
Tri"spast, Tri*spas"ton, n. Etym: [NL. trispaston, fr. Gr. Tri-) +
(Mech.)

Defn: A machine with three pulleys which act together for raising
great weights. Brande & C.

TRISPERMOUS
Tri*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Containing three seeds; three-seeded; as, a trispermous
capsule.

TRISPLANCHNIC
Tri*splanch"nic, a. Etym: [Tri- + splanchnic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the three great splanchnic cavities,
namely, that of the head, the chest, and the abdomen; -- applied to
the sympathetic nervous system.

TRIST
Trist, v. t. & i. [imp. Triste.]

Defn: To trust. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TRIST
Trist, n. Etym: [See Tryst.]

1. Trust. [Obs.]

2. A post, or station, in hunting. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. A secret meeting, or the place of such meeting; a tryst. See
Tryst. [Obs.]
George Douglas caused a trist to be set between him and the cardinal
and four lords; at the which trist he and the cardinal agreed
finally. Letter dated Sept., 1543.

TRIST
Trist, a. Etym: [F. triste, L. tristis.]

Defn: Sad; sorrowful; gloomy. [Obs.] Fairfax.

TRISTE
Triste, n.

Defn: A cattle fair. [Prov. Eng.]

TRISTEARATE
Tri*ste"a*rate, n.

Defn: Tristearin.

TRISTEARIN
Tri*ste"a*rin, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + stearin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: See Stearin.

TRISTFUL
Trist"ful, a.

Defn: Sad; sorrowful; gloomy. Shak.
Eyes so tristful, eyes so tristful, Heart so full of care and cumber.
Longfellow.

TRISTFULLY
Trist"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tristful manner; sadly.

TRISTICHOUS
Tris"tich*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. Tri-) + (Bot.)

Defn: Arranged in three vertical rows.

TRISTIGMATIC; TRISTIGMATOSE
Tri`stig*mat"ic, Tri*stig"ma*tose`, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + stigma.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having, or consisting of, three stigmas. Gray.

TRISTITIATE
Tris*ti"ti*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. tristitia sadness, fr. tristis sad.]

Defn: To make sad. [Obs.] Feltham.

TRISTOMA
Tris"to*ma, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. Tri-) + (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of trematode worms belonging to
Tristoma and allied genera having a large posterior sucker and two
small anterior ones. They usually have broad, thin, and disklike
bodies, and are parasite on the gills and skin of fishes.

TRISTY
Trist"y, a.

Defn: See Trist, a. [Obs.] Ashmole.

TRISULC
Tri"sulc, n. Etym: [L. trisulcus; tri- (see Tri-) + sulcus a furrow.]

Defn: Something having three forks or prongs, as a trident. [Obs.]
"Jupiter's trisulc." Sir T. Browne.

TRISULCATE
Tri*sul"cate, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + sulcate.]

Defn: Having three furrows, forks, or prongs; having three grooves or
sulci; three-grooved.

TRISULPHIDE
Tri*sul"phide, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + sulphide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A sulphide containing three atoms of sulphur.

TRISYLLABIC; TRISYLLABICAL
Tris`yl*lab"ic, Tris`yl*lab"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. trisyllabus, Gr. Tri-
) + trissyllabique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a trisyllable; consisting of three
syllables; as, "syllable" is a trisyllabic word.
 -- Tris`yllab"ic*al*ly, adv.

TRISYLLABLE
Tri*syl"la*ble, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + syllable.]

Defn: A word consisting of three syllables only; as, a-ven-ger.

TRITE
Trite, a. Etym: [L. tritus, p. p. of terere to rub, to wear out;
probably akin to E. throw. See Throw, and cf. Contrite, Detriment,
Tribulation, Try.]

Defn: Worn out; common; used until so common as to have lost novelty
and interest; hackneyed; stale; as, a trite remark; a trite subject.
 -- Trite"ly, adv.
 -- Trite"ness, n.

TRITERNATE
Tri*ter"nate, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + ternate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Three times ternate; -- applied to a leaf whose petiole
separates into three branches, each of which divides into three parts
which each bear three leafiets.

TRITHEISM
Tri"the*ism, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. trithéisme.]

Defn: The opinion or doctrine that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit
are three distinct Gods.

TRITHEIST
Tri"the*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. trithéiste.]

Defn: One who believes in tritheism.

TRITHEISTIC; TRITHEISTICAL
Tri`the*is"tic, Tri`the*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to tritheism. Bolingbroke.

TRITHEITE
Tri"the*ite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. trithéite.]

Defn: A tritheist. [Obs.] E. Phillips.

TRITHING
Tri"thing, n. Etym: [See Ist Riding.]

Defn: One of three ancient divisions of a county in England; -- now
called riding. [Written also riding.] Blackstone.

TRITHIONATE
Tri*thi"on*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of trithionic acid.

TRITHIONIC
Tri`thi*on"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + thionic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or designating, a certain thionic acid,
H2S3O6 which is obtained as a colorless, odorless liquid.

TRITICAL
Trit"ic*al, a.

Defn: Trite. [Obs.] T. Warton.
 -- Trit"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Trit"ic*al*ness, n. [Obs.]

TRITICIN
Trit"i*cin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A carbohydrate isomeric with dextrin, obtained from quitch
grass (Agropyrum, formerly Triticum, repens) as a white amorphous
substance.

TRITICUM
Trit"i*cum, n. Etym: [L., perhaps fr. tritus, p. p. of terere to
grind.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of grasses including the various species of wheat.

TRITON
Tri"ton, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: A fabled sea demigod, the son of Neptune and Amphitrite, and
the trumpeter of Neptune. He is represented by poets and painters as
having the upper part of his body like that of a man, and the lower
part like that of a fish. He often has a trumpet made of a shell.
Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea, Or hear old Triton blow
his wreathed horn. Wordsworth.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of many species of marine gastropods belonging to
Triton and allied genera, having a stout spiral shell, often
handsomely colored and ornamented with prominent varices. Some of the
species are among the largest of all gastropods. Called also trumpet
shell, and sea trumpet.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of aquatic salamanders. The common
European species are Hemisalamandra cristata, Molge palmata, and M.
alpestris, a red-bellied species common in Switzerland. The most
common species the United States is Diemyctylus viridescens. See
Illust. under Salamander.

TRITONE
Tri"tone`, n. Etym: [Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: A superfluous or augmented fourth. [R.]

TRITORIUM
Tri*to"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Same as Triturium.

TRITOVUM
Tri*to"vum, n.; pl. Tritova. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. ovum egg.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An embryonic insect which has twice cast its skin previous to
hatching from the egg.

TRITOZOOID
Tri`to*zo"oid, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A zooid of the third generation in asexual reproduction.

TRITUBERCULAR
Tri`tu*ber"cu*lar, a.
 (a) Having or designating teeth with three cusps or tubercles;
tricuspid.
 (b) Pertaining to trituberculy.

TRITUBERCULY
Tri`tu*ber"cu*ly, n. [Pref. tri-+ L. tuberculum tubercle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A theory of the development of mammalian molar teeth. The
primitive stage is that of simple cones, as in reptiles. The simple
cone then developed a smaller cone in front and another behind. Next,
a cingulum was developed, and the three cones became arranged in a
triangle, the two smaller cusps having moved to the outer side in
upper and to the inner in lower molars. This primitive triangle is
called the trigon or trigonid and this stage the tritubercular or
trigonodont. The trigon being a cutting apparatus, an extension of
the posterior part of the crown was developed in lower molars for
crushing, and a smaller corresponding part appeared in upper molars.
Another large cone then arose, usually from the cingulum. In more
complex forms, smaller intermediate cusps appeared.

TRITURABLE
Trit"u*ra*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. triturable.]

Defn: Capable of being triturated. Sir T. Browne.

TRITURATE
Trit"u*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Triturated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Triturating.] Etym: [L. trituratus, p. p. of triturate to thrash
(grain), fr. terere, tritum, to rub, rub to pieces. See Trite.]

1. To rub, grind, bruise, or thrash.

2. To rub or grind to a very fine or impalpable powder; to pulverize
and comminute thoroughly.

TRITURATION
Trit`u*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. trituration, L. trituratio a
thrashing of grain.]

Defn: The act of triturating, or reducing to a fine or impalpable
powder by grinding, rubbing, bruising, etc. Paley.

TRITURE
Trit"ure, n. Etym: [L. tritura, from terere, tritum, to rub, rub to
pieces.]

Defn: A rubbing or grinding; trituration. [Obs.] Cheyne.

TRITURIUM
Tri*tu"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL.; cf. L. terere, tritum to rub.]

Defn: A vessel for separating liquids of different densities.
[Written also tritorium.]

TRITYL
Tri"tyl, n. Etym: [Gr. -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Propyl. [R.]

TRITYLENE
Tri"tyl*ene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Propylene. [R.]

TRIUMPH
Tri"umph, n. Etym: [L. triumphus, OL. triumpus; of uncertain origin;
cf. Gr. triomphe. Cf. Trump at cards.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A magnificent and imposing ceremonial performed in honor of a
general who had gained a decisive victory over a foreign enemy.

Note: The general was allowed to enter the city crowned with a wreath
of laurel, bearing a scepter in one hand, and a branch of laurel in
the other, riding in a circular chariot, of a peculiar form, drawn by
four horses. He was preceded by the senate and magistrates,
musicians, the spoils, the captives in fetters, etc., and followed by
his army on foot in marching order. The procession advanced in this
manner to the Capitoline Hill, where sacrifices were offered, and
victorious commander entertained with a public feast.

2. Hence, any triumphal procession; a pompous exhibition; a stately
show or pageant. [Obs.]
Our daughter, In honor of whose birth these triumphs are, Sits here,
like beauty's child. Shak.

3. A state of joy or exultation for success.
Great triumph and rejoicing was in heaven. Milton.
Hercules from Spain Arrived in triumph, from Geryon slain. Dryden.

4. Success causing exultation; victory; conquest; as, the triumph of
knowledge.

5. A trump card; also, an old game at cards. [Obs.]

TRIUMPH
Tri"umph, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Triumphed; p. pr. & vb. n. Triumphing.]
Etym: [L. triumphare: cf. F. triompher. See Triumph, n.]

1. To celebrate victory with pomp; to rejoice over success; to exult
in an advantage gained; to exhibit exultation.
How long shall the wicked triumph Ps. xciv. 3.
Sorrow on thee and all the pack of you That triumph thus upon my
misery! Shak.

2. To obtain victory; to be successful; to prevail.
Triumphing over death, and chance, and thee, O Time. Milton.
On this occasion, however, genius triumphed. Macaulay.

3. To be prosperous; to flourish.
Where commerce triumphed on the favoring gales. Trumbull.

4. To play a trump card. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

TRIUMPH
Tri"umph, v. t.

Defn: To obtain a victory over; to prevail over; to conquer. Also, to
cause to triumph. [Obs.]
Two and thirty legions that awe All nations of the triumphed word.
Massinger.

TRIUMPHAL
Tri*um"phal, a. Etym: [L. triumphalis: cf. F. triomphal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to triumph; used in a triumph; indicating, or
in honor of, a triumph or victory; as, a triumphal crown; a triumphal
arch.
Messiah his triumphal chariot turned. Milton.

TRIUMPHAL
Tri*um"phal, n.

Defn: A token of victory. [Obs.]
Joyless triumphals of his hoped success. Milton.

TRIUMPHANT
Tri*um"phant, a. Etym: [L. triumphans, p. pr. of triumphare: cf. F.
triomphant. See Triumph, v. i.]

1. Rejoicing for victory; triumphing; exultant.
Successful beyond hope to lead ye forth Triumphant out of this
infernal pit. Milton.

2. Celebrating victory; expressive of joy for success; as, a
triumphant song or ode.

3. Graced with conquest; victorious.
Athena, war's triumphant maid. Pope.
So shall it be in the church triumphant. Perkins.

4. Of or pertaining to triumph; triumphal. [Obs.]
Captives bound to a triumphant car. Shak.
Church triumphant, the church in heaven, enjoying a state of triumph,
her warfare with evil being over; -- distinguished from church
militant. See under Militant.

TRIUMPHANTLY
Tri*um"phant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a triumphant manner.

TRIUMPHER
Tri"umph*er, n.

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: One who was honored with a triumph; a victor.

2. One who triumphs or rejoices for victory.

TRIUMPHING
Tri"umph*ing, a.

Defn: Having or celebrating a triumph; victorious; triumphant.
 -- Tri"umph*ing*ly, adv.

TRIUMVIR
Tri*um"vir, n.; pl. L. Triumviri, E. Triumvirs. Etym: [L., fr. res,
gen. trium, three + vir a man. See Three, and Virile.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: One of tree men united in public office or authority.

Note: In later times the triumvirs of Rome were three men who jointly
exercised sovereign power. Julius Cæsar, Crassus, and Pompey were the
first triumvirs; Octavianus (Augustus), Antony, and Lepidus were the
second and last.

TRIUMVIRATE
Tri*um"vi*rate, n. Etym: [L. triumviratus: cf. F. triumvirat.]

1. Government by three in coalition or association; the term of such
a government.

2. A coalition or association of three in office or authority;
especially, the union of three men who obtained the government of the
Roman empire.

TRIUMVIRY
Tri*um"vi*ry, n.

Defn: A triumvirate. [Obs.] Shak.

TRIUNE
Tri"une, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + L. unus one. See One.]

Defn: Being three in one; -- an epithet used to express the unity of
a trinity of persons in the Godhead.

TRIUNGULUS
Tri*un"gu*lus, n.; pl. Triunguli. Etym: [NL. See Tri-, and Ungulate.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The active young larva of any oil beetle. It has feet armed
with three claws, and is parasitic on bees. See Illust. of Oil
beetle, under Oil.

TRIUNITY
Tri*u"ni*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being triune; trinity. Dr. H. More.

TRIVALENCE
Triv"a*lence, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The quality or state of being trivalent.

TRIVALENT
Triv"a*lent, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + L. valens, -entis, p. pr. See
Valence.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having a valence of three; capable of being combined with,
substituted for, or compared with, three atoms of hydrogen; -- said
of triad atoms or radicals; thus, nitrogen is trivalent in ammonia.

TRIVALVE
Tri"valve, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + valve.]

Defn: Anything having three valves, especially a shell.

TRIVALVULAR
Tri*val"vu*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + valvular.]

Defn: Having three valves; three-valved.

TRIVANT
Triv"ant, n.

Defn: A truant. [Obs.] Burton.

TRIVERBIAL
Tri*ver"bi*al, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + L. verbum a word.] (Rom.
Antiq.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, certain days allowed to the
pretor for hearing causes, when be might speak the three
characteristic words of his office, do, dico, addico. They were
called dies fasti.

TRIVET
Triv"et, n. Etym: [Probably through French fr. L. tripes, -edis,
three-footed; tri- (see Tri-)+ pes, pedis, foot: cf. F. trépied. See
Foot, and cf. Tripod.]

1. A tree-legged stool, table, or other support; especially, a stand
to hold a kettle or similar vessel near the fire; a tripod. [Written
also trevet.]

2. A weaver's knife. See Trevat. Knight. Trivet table, a table
supported by three legs. Dryden.

TRIVIAL
Triv"i*al, a. Etym: [L. trivialis, properly, that is in, or belongs
to, the crossroads or public streets; hence, that may be found
everywhere, common, fr. trivium a place where three roads meet, a
crossroad, the public street; tri- (see Tri-) + via a way: cf. F.
trivial. See Voyage.]

1. Found anywhere; common. [Obs.]

2. Ordinary; commonplace; trifling; vulgar.
As a scholar, meantime, he was trivial, and incapable of labor. De
Quincey.

3. Of little worth or importance; inconsiderable; trifling; petty;
paltry; as, a trivial subject or affair.
The trivial round, the common task. Keble.

4. Of or pertaining to the trivium. Trivial name (Nat. Hist.), the
specific name.(Chem.) The common name, not describing the structure
and from which the structure cannot be deduced; -- contrasted with
systematic name.

TRIVIAL
Triv"i*al, n.

Defn: One of the three liberal arts forming the trivium. [Obs.]
Skelton. Wood.

TRIVIALISM
Triv"i*al*ism, n.

Defn: A trivial matter or method; a triviality. Carlyle.

TRIVIALITY
Triv`i*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Trivialities. Etym: [Cf. F. trivialité]

1. The quality or state of being trivial; trivialness.

2. That which is trivial; a trifle.
The philosophy of our times does not expend itself in furious
discussions on mere scholastic trivialities. Lyon Playfair.

TRIVIALLY
Triv"i*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a trivial manner.

TRIVIALNESS
Triv"i*al*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being trivial.

TRIVIUM
Triv"i*um, n. Etym: [LL. See Trivial.]

1. The three " liberal" arts, grammar, logic, and rhetoric; -- being
a triple way, as it were, to eloquence.

Note: The trivium and quadrivium together made up the seven liberal
arts. See Quadrivium.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The three anterior ambulacra of echinoderms, collectively.

TRIWEEKLY
Tri"week`ly, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + weekly.]

Defn: Occurring or appearing three times a week; thriceweekly; as, a
triweekly newspaper.
 -- adv.

Defn: Three times a week.
 -- n.

Defn: A triweekly publication.

Note: This is a convenient word, but is not legitimately formed. It
should mean occurring once in three weeks, as triennial means once in
three years. Cf. Biweekly.

TROAD
Troad, n.

Defn: See Trode. [Obs.]

TROAT
Troat, v. i. Etym: [Either onomatopoetic, or akin to throat.]

Defn: To cry, as a buck in rutting time.

TROAT
Troat, n.

Defn: The cry of a buck in rutting time.

TROCAR
Tro"car, n. Etym: [F. trocart (or trois-quarts, i. e., three
quarters); trois three (L. tres) + carre the side of a sword blade; -
- so called from its triangular point.] (Surg.)

Defn: A stylet, usually with a triangular point, used for exploring
tissues or for inserting drainage tubes, as in dropsy. [Written also
trochar.]

TROCHA
Tro"cha, n. [Sp., bypath, crossroad.] (Mil.)

Defn: A line of fortifications, usually rough, constructed to prevent
the passage of an enemy across a region. [Sp. Amer.]

TROCHAIC
Tro*cha"ic, n. (Pros.)

Defn: A trochaic verse or measure. Dryden.

TROCHAIC; TROCHAICAL
Tro*cha"ic, Tro*cha"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. trochaïcus, Gr. Trochee.]
(Pros.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to trochees; consisting of trochees; as,
trochaic measure or verse.

TROCHAL
Tro"chal, a. Etym: [From Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling a wheel. Trochal disk (Zoöl.), the cephalic disk of
a rotifer. It is usually surrounded by a fringe of cilia.

TROCHANTER
Tro*chan"ter, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of two processes near the head of the femur, the outer
being called the great trochanter, and the inner the small
trochanter.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The third joint of the leg of an insect, or the second when the
trochantine is united with the coxa.

TROCHANTERIC
Tro`chan*ter"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to one or both of the trochanters.

TROCHANTINE
Tro*chan"tine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The second joint of the leg of an insect, -- often united with
the coxa.

TROCHAR
Tro"char, n. (Surg.)

Defn: See Trocar.

TROCHE
Tro"che (tro"ke), n. Etym: [Gr. trocho`s anything round or circular,
a wheel, properly, a runner, fr. tre`chein to run. Cf. Trochee.]
(Pharm.)

Defn: A medicinal tablet or lozenge; strictly, one of circular form.

TROCHEE
Tro"chee, n. Etym: [L. trochaeus, Gr. Troche, Truck a wheel.] (Pros.)

Defn: A foot of two syllables, the first long and the second short,
as in the Latin word ante, or the first accented and the second
unaccented, as in the English word motion; a choreus.

TROCHIL
Tro"chil, n. Etym: [Cf. F. trochile. See Trochilus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crocodile bird.
The crocodile . . . opens his chaps to let the trochil in to pick his
teeth, which gives it the usual feeding. Sir T. Herbert.

TROCHILI
Troch"i*li, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Trochilus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of birds comprising the humming birds.

TROCHILIC
Tro*chil"ic, a. Etym: [See Trochilics.]

Defn: OF or pertaining to rotary motion; having power to draw out or
turn round. "By art trochilic." Camden.

TROCHILICS
Tro*chil"ics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science of rotary motion, or of wheel work. Wilkins.

TROCHILIDIST
Tro*chil"i*dist, n. Etym: [See Trochilus.]

Defn: One who studies, or is versed in, the nature and habits of
humming birds, or the Trochilidæ. Gould.

TROCHILOS
Troch"i*los, n. Etym: [NL. See Trochilus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crocodile bird, or trochil.

TROCHILUS
Troch"i*lus, n.; pl. Trochili. Etym: [L.trochilus a kind of small
bird. Gr. to run.]

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) A genus of humming birds. It Formerly included all the known
species.
(b) Any one of several species of wrens and kinglets. [Obs.]
(c) The crocodile bird.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An annular molding whose section is concave, like the edge of a
pulley; -- called also scotia.

TROCHING
Tro"ching, n. Etym: [OF. troche cluster, group; cf. F. trochure a
surantler, trochée branches of a seedling, trochet cluster of flowers
or fruits.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the small branches of a stag's antler.

TROCHISCUS
Tro*chis"cus, n.; pl. Trochisci. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Troche.] (Pharm.)

Defn: A kind of tablet or lozenge; a troche.

TROCHISK
Tro"chisk, n. Etym: [Cf. F. trochisque.]

Defn: See Trochiscus. [Obs.] Bacon.

TROCHITE
Tro"chite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A wheel-like joint of the stem of a fossil crinoid.

TROCHLEA
Troch"le*a, n. Etym: [L., a case or sheaf containing one or more
pulleys, Gr. Trochilics.]

1. (Mach.)

Defn: A pulley. [Obs.]

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A pulley, or a structure resembling a pulley; as, the trochlea,
or pulleylike end, of the humerus, which articulates with the ulna;
or the trochlea, or fibrous ring, in the upper part of the orbit,
through which the superior oblique, or trochlear, muscle of the eye
passes.

TROCHLEAR
Troch"le*ar, n. Etym: [L. trochlea block or pulley.] (Anat.)

Defn: Shaped like, or resembling, a pulley; pertaining to, or
connected with, a trochlea; as, a trochlear articular surface; the
trochlear muscle of the eye. Trochlear nerve. See Pathetic nerve,
under Pathetic.

TROCHLEARY
Troch"le*a*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or connected with, a trochlea; trochlear; as,
the trochleary, or trochlear, nerve.

TROCHOID
Tro"choid, n. Etym: [Gr. -oid; cf. F. trochoïde. See Troche.] (Geom.)

Defn: The curve described by any point in a wheel rolling on a line;
a cycloid; a roulette; in general, the curve described by any point
fixedly connected with a moving curve while the moving curve rolls
without slipping on a second fixed curve, the curves all being in one
plane. Cycloids, epicycloids, hypocycloids, cardioids, etc., are all
trochoids.

TROCHOID
Tro"choid, a.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Admitting of rotation on an axis; -- sometimes applied to a
pivot joint like that between the atlas and axis in the vertebral
column.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Top-shaped; having a flat base and conical spire; -- said of
certain shells.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the genus Trochus or family Trochidæ.

TROCHOIDAL
Tro*choid"al, a.

1. (Geom.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a trochoid; having the properties of a
trochoid.

2. (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: See Trochoid, a.

TROCHOMETER
Tro*chom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: A contrivance for computing the revolutions of a wheel; an
odometer.

TROCHOSPHERE
Troch"o*sphere, n. Etym: [Gr. sphere.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young larval form of many annelids, mollusks, and bryozoans,
in which a circle of cilia is developed around the anterior end.

TROCHUS
Tro"chus, n.; pl. Trochi. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine univalve shells belonging
to Trochus and many allied genera of the family Trochidæ. Some of the
species are called also topshells.

TROCO
Tro"co, n.

Defn: An old English game; -- called also lawn billiards.

TROD
Trod,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Tread.

TRODDEN
Trod"den,

Defn: p. p. of Tread.

TRODE
Trode, archaic

Defn: imp. of Tread.
On burnished hooves his war-horse trode. Tennyson.

TRODE
Trode, n. Etym: [AS. trod, fr. tredan to tread. See Tread.]

Defn: Tread; footing. [Written also troad.][Obs.] Spenser.

TROGLODYTE
Trog"lo*dyte, n. Etym: [L. troglodytae, pl., Gr. troglodyte.]

1. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of any savage race that dwells in caves, instead of
constructing dwellings; a cave dweller. Most of the primitive races
of man were troglodytes.
In the troglodytes' country there is a lake, for the hurtful water it
beareth called the "mad lake." Holland.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An anthropoid ape, as the chimpanzee.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wren.

TROGLODYTES
Trog`lo*dy"tes, n. Etym: [NL. See Troglodyte.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of apes including the chimpanzee.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of singing birds including the common wrens.

TROGLODYTIC; TROGLODYTICAL
Trog`lo*dyt"ic, Trog`lo*dyt"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. troglodyticus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a troglodyte, or dweller in caves.

TROGON
Tro"gon, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of beautiful tropical birds
belonging to the family Trogonidæ. They are noted for the brilliant
colors and the resplendent luster of their plumage.

Note: Some of the species have a train of long brilliant feathers
lying over the tail and consisting of the upper tail coverts. Unlike
other birds having two toes directed forward and two backward, they
have the inner toe turned backward. A few species are found in Africa
and India, but the greater number, including the most brilliant
species, are found in tropical America. See Illust. of Quesal.

TROGONOID
Tro"gon*oid, a. Etym: [Trogon + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the trogons.

TROGUE
Trogue, n. Etym: [Cf. G. trog trough, E. trough.] (Mining)

Defn: A wooden trough, forming a drain. Raymond.

TROIC
Tro"ic, a. Etym: [L. Troicus, Gr. Trojan.]

Defn: Pertaining to Troy; Trojan. Gladstone.

TROILITE
Tro"i*lite, n. Etym: [Named after Dominico Troili, an Italian of the
18th century.] (Min.)

Defn: Native iron protosulphide, FeS. It is known only in meteoric
irons, and is usually in imbedded nodular masses of a bronze color.

TROILUS
Tro"i*lus, n.; pl. L. Troili, E. Troiluses. Etym: [NL., fr. L.
Troilus, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, handsome American butterfly (Euphoeades, or Papilio,
troilus). It is black, with yellow marginal spots on the front wings,
and blue spots on the rear wings.

TROILUS BUTTERFLY
Tro"i*lus butterfly.

Defn: A large American butterfly (Papilio troilus). It is black, with
yellow marginal spots on the front wings, and blue on the rear.

TROIS POINT
Trois` point". [F. trois three.] (Backgammon)

Defn: The third point from the outer edge on each player's home
table.

TROJAN
Tro"jan, a. Etym: [L. Trojanus, fr. Troja, Troia, Troy, from Tros,
Gr. Trw`s, Trwo`s, Tros, the mythical founder of Troy.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to ancient Troy or its inhabitants.
 -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Troy. Tim jumped like a Trojan from
the bed. Finnegan's Wake (Irish song)

TROLL
Troll, n. Etym: [Icel. troll. Cf. Droll, Trull.] (Scand. Myth.)

Defn: A supernatural being, often represented as of diminutive size,
but sometimes as a giant, and fabled to inhabit caves, hills, and
like places; a witch. Troll flower. (Bot.) Same as Globeflower (a).

TROLL
Troll, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trolling.] Etym:
[OE. trollen to roll, F. trôler, Of. troller to drag about, to
ramble; probably of Teutonic origin; cf. G. trollen to roll, ramble,
sich trollen to be gone; or perhaps for trotler, fr. F. trotter to
trot (cf. Trot.). Cf. Trawl.]

1. To move circularly or volubly; to roll; to turn.
To dress and troll the tongue, and roll the eye. Milton.

2. To send about; to circulate, as a vessel in drinking.
Then doth she troll to the bowl. Gammer Gurton's Needle.
Troll the brown bowl. Sir W. Scott.

3. To sing the parts of in succession, as of a round, a catch, and
the like; also, to sing loudly or freely.
Will you troll the catch Shak.
His sonnets charmed the attentive crowd, By wide-mouthed
mortaltrolled aloud. Hudibras.

4. To angle for with a trolling line, or with a book drawn along the
surface of the water; hence, to allure.

5. To fish in; to seek to catch fish from.
With patient angle trolls the finny deep. Goldsmith.

TROLL
Troll, v. i.

1. To roll; to run about; to move around; as, to troll in a coach and
six.

2. To move rapidly; to wag. F. Beaumont.

3. To take part in trolling a song.

4. To fish with a rod whose line runs on a reel; also, to fish by
drawing the hook through the water.
Their young men . . . trolled along the brooks that abounded in fish.
Bancroft.

TROLL
Troll, n.

1. The act of moving round; routine; repetition. Burke.

2. A song the parts of which are sung in succession; a catch; a
round.
Thence the catch and troll, while "Laughter, holding both his sides,"
sheds tears to song and ballad pathetic on the woes of married life.
Prof. Wilson.

3. A trolley. Troll plate (Mach.), a rotative disk with spiral ribs
or grooves, by which several pieces, as the jaws of a chuck, can be
brought together or spread radially.

TROLLER
Troll"er, n.

Defn: One who trolls.

TROLLEY; TROLLY
Trol"ley, Trol"ly, n.
(a) A form of truck which can be tilted, for carrying railroad
materials, or the like. [Eng.]
(b) A narrow cart that is pushed by hand or drawn by an animal.
[Eng.]
(c) (Mach.) A truck from which the load is suspended in some kinds of
cranes.
(d) (Electric Railway) A truck which travels along the fixed
conductors, and forms a means of connection between them and a
railway car. Trolley line, (a) A trolley(e). (b) The path along which
a trolley(e) runs.
 -- Trolley car, a wheeled car powered by electricity drawn from a
trolley, and thus constrained to follow the trolley lines.

TROLLEY CAR
Trol"ley car. (Elec.)

Defn: A motor car to which the current is conveyed by means of a
trolley.

TROLLEY WIRE
Trolley wire.

Defn: A heavy conducting wire on which the trolley car runs and from
which it receives the current.

TROLLMYDAMES
Troll"my*dames`, n. Etym: [F.trou-madame pigeon holes.]

Defn: The game of nineholes. [Written also trolmydames.] [Obs.] Shak.

TROLLOP
Trol"lop, n. Etym: [From Troll to roll, to stroll; but cf. also
Trull.]

Defn: A stroller; a loiterer; esp., an idle, untidy woman; a
slattern; a slut; a whore.

TROLLOPEE
Trol`lop*ee", n.

Defn: A kind of loose dress for women. [Obs.] Goldsmith.

TROMBONE
Trom"bone, n. Etym: [It., aug. of tromba a trumpet: cf. F. trombone.
See Trump a trumpet.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A powerful brass instrument of the trumpet kind, thought by
some to be the ancient sackbut, consisting of a tube in three parts,
bent twice upon itself and ending in a bell. The middle part, bent
double, slips into the outer parts, as in a telescope, so that by
change of the vibrating length any tone within the compass of the
instrument (which may be bass or tenor or alto or even, in rare
instances, soprano) is commanded. It is the only member of the family
of wind instruments whose scale, both diatonic and chromatic, is
complete without the aid of keys or pistons, and which can slide from
note to note as smoothly as the human voice or a violin. Softly
blown, it has a rich and mellow sound, which becomes harsh and
blatant when the tones are forced; used with discretion, its effect
is often solemn and majestic.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common European bittern.

TROMMEL
Trom"mel, n. Etym: [Cf. G. trommel a drum.] (Mining)

Defn: A revolving buddle or sieve for separating, or sizing, ores.
Raymond.

TROMP
Tromp, n. Etym: [F. trombe, trompe, a waterspout, a water-blowing
machine. Cf. Trump a trumpet.]

Defn: A blowing apparatus, in which air, drawn into the upper part of
a vertical tube through side holes by a stream of water within, is
carried down with the water into a box or chamber below which it is
led to a furnace. [Written also trompe, and trombe.]

TROMP; TROMPE
Tromp, Trompe, n. Etym: [See Trump a trumpet.]

Defn: A trumpet; a trump. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TROMPIL
Tromp"il, n. Etym: [OF. trompille, equiv. to F. trompette a trumpet.]

Defn: An aperture in a tromp.

TRON
Tron, n.

Defn: See 3d Trone, 2. [Obs. or Scott.]

TRONA
Tro"na, n. Etym: [Of Egyptian or North African origin.] (Chem. &
Min.)

Defn: A native double salt, consisting of a combination of neutral
and acid sodium carbonate, Na2CO3.2HNaCO3.2H2O, occurring as a white
crystalline fibrous deposit from certain soda brine springs and
lakes; -- called also urao, and by the ancients nitrum.

TRONAGE
Tron"age, n. Etym: [From Trone a steelyard.]

Defn: A toll or duty paid for weighing wool; also, the act of
weighing wool. [Obs.] Nares.

TRONATOR
Tro*na"tor, n. Etym: [LL. See Tronage.]

Defn: An officer in London whose duty was to weigh wool. [Obs.]

TRONE
Trone, n.

Defn: A throne. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TRONE
Trone, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. F. trogne a belly.]

Defn: A small drain. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

TRONE; TRONES
Trone, Trones, n. Etym: [LL. trona, fr. L. trutina a balance; cf. Gr.

1. A steelyard. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A form of weighing machine for heavy wares, consisting of two
horizontal bars crossing each other, beaked at the extremities, and
supported by a wooden pillar. It is now mostly disused. [Scot.]
Jamieson. Trone stone, a weight equivalent to nineteen and a half
pounds. [Scot.] -- Trone weight, a weight formerly used in Scotland,
in which a pound varied from 21 to 28 ounces avoirdupois.

TROOP
Troop, n. Etym: [F. troupe, OF. trope, trupe, LL. troppus; of
uncertain origin; cf. Icel. þorp a hamlet, village, G. dorf a
village, dial. G. dorf a meeting. Norw. torp a little farm, a crowd,
E. thorp. Cf. Troupe.]

1. A collection of people; a company; a number; a multitude.
That which should accompany old age --As honor, love, obedience,
troops of friends --I must not look to have. Shak.

2. Soldiers, collectively; an army; -- now generally used in the
plural.
Farewell the plumed troop, and the big wars. Shak.
His troops moved to victory with the precision of machines. Macaulay.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: Specifically, a small body of cavalry, light horse, or
dragoons, consisting usually of about sixty men, commanded by a
captain; the unit of formation of cavalry, corresponding to the
company in infantry. Formerly, also, a company of horse artillery; a
battery.

4. A company of stageplayers; a troupe. W. Coxe.

5. (Mil.)

Defn: A particular roll of the drum; a quick march.

TROOP
Troop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trooped; p. pr. & vb. n. Trooping.]

1. To move in numbers; to come or gather in crowds or troops. "Armies
. . . troop to their standard." Milton.

2. To march on; to go forward in haste.
Nor do I, as an enemy to peace, Troop in the throngs of military men.
Shak.

TROOPBIRD
Troop"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any troupial.

TROOPER
Troop"er, n.

Defn: A soldier in a body of cavalry; a cavalryman; also, the horse
of a cavalryman.

TROOPFOWL
Troop"fowl`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American scaup duck. [Local, U. S.]

TROOPIAL
Troop"i*al, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Troupial.

TROOPMEAL
Troop"meal`, adv. Etym: [Troop + -meal as in piecemeal.]

Defn: By troops; in crowds. [Obs.]
So, troopmeal, Troy pursued a while, laying on with swords and darts.
Chapman.

TROOPSHIP
Troop"ship`, n.

Defn: A vessel built or fitted for the conveyance of troops; a
transport. [Eng.]

TROOSTITE
Troost"ite, n. Etym: [So named after Dr. Gerard Troost, of Nashville,
Tenn.] (Min.)

Defn: Willemite.

TROPAEOLIN
Tro*pæ"o*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A name given to any one of a series of orange-red dyestuffs
produced artificially from certain complex sulphonic acid derivatives
of azo and diazo hydrocarbons of the aromatic series; -- so called
because of the general resemblance to the shades of nasturtium
(Tropæolum).

TROPE
Trope, n. Etym: [L. tropus, Gr. Torture, and cf. Trophy, Tropic,
Troubadour, Trover.] (Rhet.)
(a) The use of a word or expression in a different sense from that
which properly belongs to it; the use of a word or expression as
changed from the original signification to another, for the sake of
giving life or emphasis to an idea; a figure of speech.
(b) The word or expression so used.
In his frequent, long, and tedious speeches, it has been said that a
trope never passed his lips. Bancroft.

Note: Tropes are chiefly of four kinds: metaphor, metonymy,
synecdoche, and irony. Some authors make figures the genus, of which
trope is a species; others make them different things, defining trope
to be a change of sense, and figure to be any ornament, except what
becomes so by such change.

TROPEINE
Tro*pe"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of artificial ethereal salts derived from
the alkaloidal base tropine.

TROPHI
Tro"phi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The mouth parts of an insect, collectively, including the
labrum, labium, maxillæ, mandibles, and lingua, with their
appendages.

TROPHIC
Troph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Trophi.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or connected with nutrition; nitritional; nourishing; as,
the so-called trophic nerves, which have a direct influence on
nutrition.

TROPHIED
Tro"phied, a.

Defn: Adorned with trophies.
The trophied arches, storied halls, invade. Pope.

TROPHONIAN
Tro*pho"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Trophonianus, fr. Trophonius, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Trophonius, his architecture, or his cave
and oracle.

TROPHOSOME
Troph"o*some, n. Etym: [Gr. -some body.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The nutritive zooids of a hydroid, collectively, as
distinguished from the gonosome, or reproductive zooids.

TROPHOSPERM
Troph"o*sperm, n. Etym: [Gr. trophosperme. See Trophi.] (Bot.)

Defn: The placenta.

TROPHY
Tro"phy, n.; pl. Trophies. Etym: [F. trophée (cf. It. & Sp. trofeo),
L. tropaeum, trophaeum, Gr. Trope.]

1. (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A sign or memorial of a victory raised on the field of battle,
or, in case of a naval victory, on the nearest land. Sometimes
trophies were erected in the chief city of the conquered people.

Note: A trophy consisted originally of some of the armor, weapons,
etc., of the defeated enemy fixed to the trunk of a tree or to a post
erected on an elevated site, with an inscription, and a dedication to
a divinity. The Romans often erected their trophies in the Capitol.

2. The representation of such a memorial, as on a medal; esp.
(Arch.), an ornament representing a group of arms and military
weapons, offensive and defensive.

3. Anything taken from an enemy and preserved as a memorial of
victory, as arms, flags, standards, etc.
Around the posts hung helmets, darts, and spears, And captive
chariots, axes, shields, and bars, And broken beaks of ships, the
trophies of their wars. Dryden.

4. Any evidence or memorial of victory or conquest; as, every
redeemed soul is a trophy of grace.

Note: Some trophies(5) are unique, temporary possession of the same
object passing to the new victors of some periodic contest in
subsequent occurrences. Others are objects of little inherent worth,
given by the authority sponsoring the contest to the victor. A trophy
is sometimes shaped like a cup, and in such cases may be called a
cup, as the America's Cup (in Yacht racing). Trophy money, a duty
paid formerly in England, annually, by housekeepers, toward providing
harness, drums, colors, and the like, for the militia.

TROPIC
Trop"ic, a. Etym: [Atropine + -ic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from
atropine and certain other alkaloids, as a white crystalline
substance slightly soluble in water.

TROPIC
Trop"ic, n. Etym: [F. tropique, L.tropicus of or belonging to a turn,
i. e., of the sun, Gr. Trope.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: One of the two small circles of the celestial sphere, situated
on each side of the equator, at a distance of 23º 28min, and parallel
to it, which the sun just reaches at its greatest declination north
or south, and from which it turns again toward the equator, the
northern circle being called the Tropic of Cancer, and the southern
the Tropic of Capricorn, from the names of the two signs at which
they touch the ecliptic.

2. (Geog.)
(a) One of the two parallels of terrestrial latitude corresponding to
the celestial tropics, and called by the same names. (b) pl.

Defn: The region lying between these parallels of latitude, or near
them on either side.
The brilliant flowers of the tropics bloom from the windows of the
greenhouse and the saloon. Bancroft.

TROPIC
Trop"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tropics; tropical. Tropic bird (Zoöl.),
any one of three species of oceanic belonging to the genus Phaëthon,
found chiefly in tropical seas. They are mostly white, and have two
central tail feathers very long and slender. The yellow-billed tropic
bird. Phaëthon flavirostris (called also boatswain), is found on the
Atlantic coast of America, and is common at the Bermudas, where it
breeds.

TROPICAL
Trop"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. L. tropicus of turning, Gr. Tropic, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to the tropics; characteristic of, or incident
to, the tropics; being within the tropics; as, tropical climate;
tropical latitudes; tropical heat; tropical diseases.

2. Etym: [From Trope.]

Defn: Rhetorically changed from its exact original sense; being of
the nature of a trope; figurative; metaphorical. Jer. Taylor.
The foundation of all parables is some analogy or similitude between
the tropical or allusive part of the parable and the thing intended
by it. South.
Tropic month. See Lunar month, under Month.
 -- Tropic year, the solar year; the period occupied by the sun in
passing from one tropic or one equinox to the same again, having a
mean length of 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 46.0 seconds, which is
20 minutes, 23.3 seconds shorter than the sidereal year, on account
of the precession of the equinoxes.

TROPICALLY
Trop"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tropical manner; figuratively; metaphorically.

TROPIDINE
Trop"i*dine, n. Etym: [See Tropine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid, C8H13N, obtained by the chemical dehydration of
tropine, as an oily liquid having a coninelike odor.

TROPILIDENE
Tro*pil"i*dene, n. Etym: [See Tropine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon obtained by the dry distillation of
tropine with quicklime. It is regarded as being homologous with
dipropargyl.

TROPINE
Tro"pine, n. Etym: [From Atropine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline alkaloid, C8H15NO, produced by decomposing
atropine.

TROPISM
Tro"pism, n. [Gr.  a turning,  to turn + -ism.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Modification of the direction of growth.

TROPIST
Trop"ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tropiste. See Trope.]

Defn: One who deals in tropes; specifically, one who avoids the
literal sense of the language of Scripture by explaining it as mere
tropes and figures of speech.

TROPOLOGIC; TROPOLOGICAL
Trop`o*log"ic, Trop`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. tropologique. See
Tropology.]

Defn: Characterized by tropes; varied by tropes; tropical. Burton.
 -- Trop`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

TROPOLOGIZE
Tro*pol"o*gize, v. t.

Defn: To use in a tropological sense, as a word; to make a trope of.
[R.]
If . . . Minerva be tropologized into prudence. Cudworth.

TROPOLOGY
Tro*pol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. tropologie.]

Defn: A rhetorical mode of speech, including tropes, or changes from
the original import of the word. Sir T. Browne.

TROPPO
Trop"po, adv. [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Too much; as, allegro ma non troppo, brisk but not too much so.

TROSSERS
Tros"sers, n. pl.

Defn: Trousers. [Obs.] Shak.

TROT
Trot, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Trotting.] Etym:
[OE. trotten, OF. troter, F. trotter; probably of Teutonic origin,
and akin to E. tread; cf. OHG. trott to tread. See Tread.]

1. To proceed by a certain gait peculiar to quadrupeds; to ride or
drive at a trot. See Trot, n.

2. Fig.: To run; to jog; to hurry.
He that rises late must trot all day, and will scarcely overtake his
business at night. Franklin.

TROT
Trot, v. t.

Defn: To cause to move, as a horse or other animal, in the pace
called a trot; to cause to run without galloping or cantering. To
trot out, to lead or bring out, as a horse, to show his paces; hence,
to bring forward, as for exhibition. [Slang.]

TROT
Trot, n. Etym: [F. See Trot, v. i.]

1. The pace of a horse or other quadruped, more rapid than a walk,
but of various degrees of swiftness, in which one fore foot and the
hind foot of the opposite side are lifted at the same time. "The
limbs move diagonally in pairs in the trot." Stillman (The Horse in
Motion).

2. Fig.: A jogging pace, as of a person hurrying.

3. One who trots; a child; a woman.
An old trot with ne'er a tooth. Shak.

TROTH
Troth, n. Etym: [A variant of truth. See Truth.]

1. Belief; faith; fidelity.
Bid her alight And hertroth plight. Shak.

2. Truth; verity; veracity; as, by my troth. Shak.
In troth, thou art able to instruct gray hairs. Addison.

3. Betrothal.

TROTHLESS
Troth"less, a.

Defn: Faitless; false; treacherous.
Thrall to the faithless waves and trothless sky. Fairfax.

TROTHPLIGHT
Troth"plight`, v. t.

Defn: To betroth. [Obs.]

TROTHPLIGHT
Troth"plight`, a.

Defn: Betrothed; espoused; affianced. [Obs.] Shak.

TROTHPLIGHT
Troth"plight`, n.

Defn: The act of betrothing, or plighting faith; betrothing. [Obs.]
Shak.

TROTHPLIGHTED
Troth"plight`ed, a.

Defn: Having fidelity pledged.

TROTTER
Trot"ter, n.

1. One that trots; especially, a horse trained to be driven in
trotting matches.

2. The foot of an animal, especially that of a sheep; also,
humorously, the human foot.

TROTTOIR
Trot"toir, n. Etym: [F., from trotter to trot. See Trot.]

Defn: Footpath; pavement; sidewalk.
Headless bodies trailed along the trottoirs. Froude.

TROUBADOUR
Trou"ba*dour`, n. Etym: [F. troubadour, fr. Pr. trobador, (assumed)
LL. tropator a singer, tropare to sing, fr. tropus a kind of singing,
a melody, song, L. tropus a trope, a song, Gr. Trope, and cf. Trouv.]

Defn: One of a school of poets who flourished from the eleventh to
the thirteenth century, principally in Provence, in the south of
France, and also in the north of Italy. They invented, and especially
cultivated, a kind of lyrical poetry characterized by intricacy of
meter and rhyme, and usually of a romantic, amatory strain.

TROUBLABLE
Trou"bla*ble, a.

Defn: Causing trouble; troublesome. [Obs.] troublable ire." Chaucer.

TROUBLE
Trou"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Troubled; p. pr. & vb. n. Troubling.]
Etym: [F. troubler, OF. trobler, trubler, tourbler,fr. (assumed) LL.
turbulare, L. turbare to disorderly group, a little crowd; both from
turba a disorder, tumult, crowd; akin to Gr. thorp; cf. Skr. tvar,
tur,o hasten. Cf. Turbid.]

1. To put into confused motion; to disturb; to agitate.
An angel went down at a certain season into the pool, and troubled
the water. John v. 4.
God looking forth will trouble all his host. Milton.

2. To disturb; to perplex; to afflict; to distress; to grieve; to
fret; to annoy; to vex.
Now is my soul troubled. John xii. 27.
Take the boy to you; he so troubles me 'T is past enduring. Shak.
Never trouble yourself about those faults which age will cure. Locke.

3. To give occasion for labor to; -- used in polite phraseology; as,
I will not trouble you to deliver the letter.

Syn.
 -- To disturb; perplex; afflict; distress; grieve; harass; annoy;
tease; vex; molest.

TROUBLE
Trou"ble, a.

Defn: Troubled; dark; gloomy. [Obs.] "With full trouble cheer."
Chaucer.

TROUBLE
Trou"ble, n. Etym: [F. trouble, OF. troble, truble. See Trouble, v.
t.]

1. The state of being troubled; disturbance; agitation; uneasiness;
vexation; calamity.
Lest the fiend . . . some new trouble raise. Milton.
Foul whisperings are abroad; unnatural deeds Do breed unnatural
troubles. Shak.

2. That which gives disturbance, annoyance, or vexation; that which
afflicts.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A fault or interruption in a stratum. To get into trouble, to
get into difficulty or danger. [Colloq.] -- To take the trouble, to
be at the pains; to exert one's self; to give one's self
inconvenience.
She never took the trouble to close them. Bryant.

Syn.
 -- Affliction; disturbance; perplexity; annoyance; molestation;
vexation; inconvenience; calamity; misfortune; adversity;
embarrassment; anxiety; sorrow; misery.

TROUBLER
Trou"bler, n.

Defn: One who troubles or disturbs; one who afflicts or molests; a
disturber; as, a troubler of the peace.
The rich troublers of the world's repose. Waller.

TROUBLESOME
Trou"ble*some, a.

Defn: Giving trouble or anxiety; vexatious; burdensome; wearisome.
This troublesome world. Book of Common Prayer.
These troublesome disguises that we wear. Milton.
My mother will never be troublesome to me. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Uneasy; vexatious; perplexing; harassing; annoying; disgusting;
irksome; afflictive; burdensome; tiresome; wearisome; importunate.
 -- Trou"ble*some*ly, adv.
 -- Trou"ble*some*ness, n.

TROUBLOUS
Trou"blous, a.

Defn: Full of trouble; causing trouble. "In doubtful time of
troublous need." Byron.
A tall ship tossed in troublous seas. Spenser.

TROU-DE-LOUP
Trou"-de-loup", n.; pl. Trous-de-loup(Etym: [F. trou hole + de of +
loup wolf.] (Mil.)

Defn: A pit in the form of an inverted cone or pyramid, constructed
as an obstacle to the approach of an enemy, and having a pointed
stake in the middle. The pits are called also trapholes.

TROUGH
Trough, n. Etym: [OE. trough, trogh, AS. trog, troh; akin to D., G.,
& Icel. trog, Sw. tråg, Dan. trug; probably originally meaning, made
of wood, and akin to E. tree. Tree, and cf. Trug.]

1. A long, hollow vessel, generally for holding water or other
liquid, especially one formed by excavating a log longitudinally on
one side; a long tray; also, a wooden channel for conveying water, as
to a mill wheel.

2. Any channel, receptacle, or depression, of a long and narrow
shape; as, trough between two ridges, etc. Trough gutter (Arch.), a
rectangular or V-shaped gutter, usually hung below the eaves of a
house.
 -- Trough of the sea, the depression between two waves.

TROUGH-SHELL
Trough"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bivalve shell of the genus Mactra. See Mactra.

TROUL
Troul, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Troll.

TROUNCE
Trounce, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trounced; p. pr. & vb. n. Trouncing.]
Etym: [F. tronce, tronche, a stump, piece of wood. See Truncheon.]

Defn: To punish or beat severely; to whip smartly; to flog; to
castigate. [Colloq.]

TROUPE
Troupe, n. Etym: [F., troop. See Troop.]

Defn: A company or troop, especially the company pf performers in a
play or an opera.

TROUPIAL
Troup"i*al, n. Etym: [F. troupiale.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of bright-colored American birds
belonging to Icterus and allied genera, especially Icterus icterus, a
native of the West Indies and South America. Many of the species are
called orioles in America. [Written also troopial.]

TROUSE
Trouse, n.

Defn: Trousers. [Obs.] Spenser.

TROUSERING
Trou"ser*ing, n.

Defn: Cloth or material for making trousers.

TROUSERS
Trou"sers, n. pl. Etym: [OF. trousses breeches worn by pages, from
trousse, trosse, a bundle, a truss. See Truss, and cf. Trossers,
Trouse.]

Defn: A garment worn by men and boys, extending from the waist to the
knee or to the ankle, and covering each leg separately. pants; used
attrib. in the singular, as a trouser leg; see pant

TROUSSE
Trousse, n. [F. See Truss; cf. Trousseau.]

Defn: A case for small implements; as, a surgeon's trousse.

TROUSSEAU
Trous`seau", n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. trossel, dim. of trousse a bundle,
truss. See Truss.]

Defn: The collective lighter equipments or outfit of a bride,
including clothes, jewelry, and the like; especially, that which is
provided for her by her family.

TROUT
Trout, n. Etym: [AS. truht, L. tructa, tructus; akin to Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of fishes belonging to Salmo,
Salvelinus, and allied genera of the family Salmonidæ. They are
highly esteemed as game fishes and for the quality of their flesh.
All the species breed in fresh water, but after spawning many of them
descend to the sea if they have an opportunity.

Note: The most important European species are the river, or brown,
trout (Salmo fario), the salmon trout, and the sewen. The most
important American species are the brook, speckled, or red-spotted,
trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) of the Northern United States and
Canada; the red-spotted trout, or Dolly Varden (see Malma); the lake
trout (see Namaycush); the black-spotted, mountain, or silver, trout
(Salmo purpuratus); the golden, or rainbow, trout (see under
Rainbow); the blueback trout (see Oquassa); and the salmon trout (see
under Salmon.) The European trout has been introduced into America.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of marine fishes more or less
resembling a trout in appearance or habits, but not belonging to the
same family, especially the California rock trouts, the common
squeteague, and the southern, or spotted, squeteague; -- called also
salt-water trout, sea trout, shad trout, and gray trout. See
Squeteague, and Rock trout under Rock. Trout perch (Zoöl.), a small
fresh-water American fish (Percopsis guttatus), allied to the trout,
but resembling a perch in its scales and mouth.

TROUTBIRD
Trout"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American golden plover. [Local, U. S.]

TROUT-COLORED
Trout"-col`ored, a.

Defn: White, with spots of black, bay, or sorrel; as, a trout-colored
horse.

TROUTLET
Trout"let, n.

Defn: A little trout; a troutling. Hood.

TROUTLING
Trout"ling, n.

Defn: A little trout; a troutlet.

TROUVERE; TROUVEUR
Trou`vère", Trou`veur", n. Etym: [F. trouveur, trouvère. See
Troubadour.]

Defn: One of a school of poets who flourished in Northern France from
the eleventh to the fourteenth century.

TROVER
Tro"ver, n. Etym: [OF. trover, truver, to find, F. trouver; probably
originally, to invent or compose (melodies), fr. (assumed) LL.
tropare. See Troubadour, Trope, and cf. Contrive, Reirieve,
Trouveur.] (Law)
(a) The gaining possession of any goods, whether by finding or by
other means.
(b) An action to recover damages against one who found goods, and
would not deliver them to the owner on demand; an action which lies
in any case to recover the value of goods wrongfully converted by
another to his own use. In this case the finding, though alleged, is
an immaterial fact; the injury lies in the conversion.

TROW
Trow, n.

Defn: A boat with an open well amidships. It is used in spearing
fish. Knight.

TROW
Trow, v. i. & t. Etym: [OE. trowen, AS.treówan to trust, believe, fr.
treów trust, treówe true, faithful. See True.]

Defn: To believe; to trust; to think or suppose. [Archaic]
So that ye trow in Christ, and you baptize. Chaucer.
A better priest, I trow, there nowhere none is. Chaucer.
It never yet was worn, I trow. Tennyson.

Note: I trow, or trow alone, was formerly sometimes added to
questions to express contemptuous or indignant surprise.
What tempest, I trow, threw this whale . . . ashore Shak.
What is the matter, trow Shak.

TROWEL
Trow"el, n. Etym: [OE. truel, OF. truele, F. truelle, LL. truella, L.
trulla, dim. of trua a ladle; probably akin to Gr. quirl a stirrer,
MHG. twirel, OHG. dwiril, Icel. þvara, AS. þwiril. Cf. Twirl.]

1. A mason's tool, used in spreading and dressing mortar, and
breaking bricks to shape them.

2. A gardener's tool, somewhat like a scoop, used in taking up
plants, stirring the earth, etc.

3. (Founding)

Defn: A tool used for smoothing a mold. Trowel bayonet. See Spade
bayonet, under Spade.
 -- Fish trowel. See Fish slice, under Fish.

TROWELED
Trow"eled.

Defn: Formed with a trowel; smoothed with a trowel; as, troweled
stucco, that is, stucco laid on and ready for the reception of paint.
[Written also trowelled.]

TROWELFUL
Trow"el*ful, n.; pl. Trowelfuls (.

Defn: As much as a trowel will hold; enough to fill a trowel.

TROWL
Trowl, n.

Defn: See Troll.

TROWSED
Trowsed, a.

Defn: Wearing trousers. [Obs.]

TROWSERS
Trow"sers, n. pl.

Defn: Same as Trousers.

TROY
Troy, n.

Defn: Troy weight. Troy weight, the weight which gold and silver,
jewels, and the like, are weighed. It was so named from Troyes, in
France, where it was first adopted in Europe. The troy ounce is
supposed to have been brought from Cairo during the crusades. In this
weight the pound is divided into 12 ounces, the ounce into 20
pennyweights, and the pennyweight into 24 grains; hence, the troy
ounce contains 480 grains, and the troy pound contains 5760 grains.
The avoirdupois pound contains 7000 troy grains; so that 175 pounds
troy equal 144 pounds avoirdupois, or 1 pound troy = 0.82286 of a
pound avoirdupois, and 1 ounce troy = 1apothecaries' weight, used in
weighing medicines, etc. In the standard weights of the United
States, the troy ounce is divided decimally down to the

TROYOUNCE
Troy"ounce, n.

Defn: See Troy ounce, under Troy weight, above, and under Ounce.

TRUAGE
Tru"age, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. truage a tax. See True.]

1. A pledge of truth or peace made on payment of a tax. [Obs.] Ld.
Berners.

2. A tax or impost; tribute. [Obs.] R. of Gloucester.

TRUANCY
Tru"an*cy, n.

Defn: The act of playing truant, or the state of being truant; as,
addicted to truancy.

TRUAND
Tru"and (, n. & a.

Defn: See Truant. [Obs.]

TRUANT
Tru"ant, n. Etym: [F. truand, OF. truant, a vagrant, beggar; of
Celtic origin; cf. W. tru, truan, wretched, miserable, truan a
wretch, Ir. trogha miserable, Gael. truaghan a poor, distressed, or
wretched creature, truagh wretched.]

Defn: One who stays away from business or any duty; especially, one
who stays out of school without leave; an idler; a loiterer; a shirk.
Dryden.
I have a truant been to chivalry. Shak.
To play truant, to stray away; to loiter; especially, to stay out of
school without leave. Sir T. Browne

TRUANT
Tru"ant, a.

Defn: Wandering from business or duty; loitering; idle, and shirking
duty; as, a truant boy.
While truant Jove, in infant pride, Played barefoot on Olympus' side.
Trumbull.

TRUANT
Tru"ant, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. truander.]

Defn: To idle away time; to loiter, or wander; to play the truant.
Shak.
By this means they lost their time and truanted on the fundamental
grounds of saving knowledge. Lowell.

TRUANT
Tru"ant, v. t.

Defn: To idle away; to waste. [R.]
I dare not be the author Of truanting the time. Ford.

TRUANTLY
Tru"ant*ly, adv.

Defn: Like a truant; in idleness.

TRUANTSHIP
Tru"ant*ship, n.

Defn: The conduct of a truant; neglect of employment; idleness;
truancy. Ascham.

TRUB
Trub, n. Etym: [Cf. Truffle.]

Defn: A truffle. [Obs.]

TRUBTALL
Trub"tall`, n. Etym: [Prov. E. trub slut; cf. Sw. trubbig stumpy.]

Defn: A short, squat woman. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

TRUBU
Tru*bu", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East India herring (Clupea toli) which is extensively caught
for the sake of its roe and for its flesh.

TRUCE
Truce, n. Etym: [OE. trewes, triwes, treowes, pl. of trewe a truce,
properly, pledge of fidelity, truth, AS. treów fidelity, faith,
troth. See True.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A suspension of arms by agreement of the commanders of opposing
forces; a temporary cessation of hostilities, for negotiation or
other purpose; an armistice.

2. Hence, intermission of action, pain, or contest; temporary
cessation; short quiet.
Where he may likeliest find Truce to his restless thoughts. Milton.
Flag of truce (Mil.), a white flag carried or exhibited by one of the
hostile parties, during the flying of which hostilities are
suspended.
 -- Truce of God, a suspension of arms promulgated by the church,
which occasionally took place in the Middle Ages, putting a stop to
private hostilities at or within certain periods.

TRUCEBREAKER
Truce"break`er, n.

Defn: One who violates a truce, covenant, or engagement.

TRUCELESS
Truce"less, a.

Defn: Without a truce; unforbearing.
Two minds in one, and each a truceless guest. H. Brooke.

TRUCHMAN
Truch"man, n. Etym: [Cf. F. trucheman. See Dragoman.]

Defn: An interpreter. See Dragoman. [Obs.]
And after, by the tongue, Her truchman, she reports the mind's each
throw. B. Jonson.

TRUCIDATION
Tru`ci*da"tion, n. Etym: [L.trucidatio, fr. trucidare to slaughter.]

Defn: The act of killing. [Obs.]

TRUCK
Truck, n. Etym: [L. trochus an iron hoop, Gr. Trochee, and cf.
Truckle, v. i.]

1. A small wheel, as of a vehicle; specifically (Ord.), a small
strong wheel, as of wood or iron, for a gun carriage.

2. A low, wheeled vehicle or barrow for carrying goods, stone, and
other heavy articles.
Goods were conveyed about the town almost exclusively in trucks drawn
by dogs. Macaulay.

3. (Railroad Mach.)

Defn: A swiveling carriage, consisting of a frame with one or more
pairs of wheels and the necessary boxes, springs, etc., to carry and
guide one end of a locomotive or a car; -- sometimes called bogie in
England. Trucks usually have four or six wheels.

4. (Naut.)
(a) A small wooden cap at the summit of a flagstaff or a masthead,
having holes in it for reeving halyards through.
(b) A small piece of wood, usually cylindrical or disk-shaped, used
for various purposes.

5. A freight car. [Eng.]

6. A frame on low wheels or rollers; -- used for various purposes, as
for a movable support for heavy bodies.

TRUCK
Truck, v. t.

Defn: To transport on a truck or trucks.

TRUCK
Truck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trucked; p. pr. & vb. n. trucking.] Etym:
[OE. trukken,F. troquer; akin to Sp. & Pg. trocar; of uncertain
origin.]

Defn: To exchange; to give in exchange; to barter; as, to truck
knives for gold dust.
We will begin by supposing the international trade to be in form,
what it always is in reality, an actual trucking of one commodity
against another. J. S. Mill.

TRUCK
Truck, v. i.

Defn: To exchange commodities; to barter; to trade; to deal.
A master of a ship, who deceived them under color of trucking with
them. Palfrey.
Despotism itself is obliged to truck and huckster. Burke.
To truck and higgle for a private good. Emerson.

TRUCK
Truck, n. Etym: [Cf. F. troc.]

1. Exchange of commodities; barter. Hakluyt.

2. Commodities appropriate for barter, or for small trade; small
commodities; esp., in the United States, garden vegetables raised for
the market. [Colloq.]

3. The practice of paying wages in goods instead of money; -- called
also truck system. Garden truck, vegetables raised for market.
[Colloq.] [U. S.] -- Truck farming, raising vegetables for market:
market gardening. [Colloq. U. S.]

TRUCKAGE
Truck"age, n.

Defn: The practice of bartering goods; exchange; barter; truck.
The truckage of perishing coin. Milton.

TRUCKAGE
Truck"age, n.

Defn: Money paid for the conveyance of goods on a truck; freight.

TRUCKER
Truck"er, n.

Defn: One who trucks; a trafficker.
No man having ever yet driven a saving bargain with this great
trucker for souls. South.

TRUCKING
Truck"ing, n.

Defn: The business of conveying goods on trucks.

TRUCKLE
Truc"kle, n. Etym: [Dim. of truck a wheel; or from the kindred L.
trochlea a block, sheaf containing one or more pulleys. See Truck a
wheel.]

Defn: A small wheel or caster. Hudibras.

TRUCKLE
Truc"kle, v. i. Etym: [From truckle in truckle-bed, in allusion to
the fact that the truckle-bed on which the pupil slept was rolled
under the large bed of the master.]

Defn: To yield or bend obsequiously to the will of another; to
submit; to creep. "Small, trucking states." Burke.
Religion itself is forced to truckle to worldly poliey. Norris.

TRUCKLE
Truc"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Truckled; p. pr. & vb. n. Truckling.]

Defn: To roll or move upon truckles, or casters; to trundle.

TRUCKLE-BED
Truc"kle-bed`, n.

Defn: A low bed on wheels, that may be pushed under another bed; a
trundle-bed. "His standing bed and truckle-bed." Shak.

TRUCKLER
Truc"kler, n.

Defn: One who truckles, or yields servilely to the will of another.

TRUCKMAN
Truck"man, n.; pl. Truckmen.

1. Etym: [From Truck barter.]

Defn: One who does business in the way of barter or exchange.

2. Etym: [From Truck a carriage.]

Defn: One who drives a truck, or whose business is the conveyance of
goods on trucks.

TRUCULENCE; TRUCULENCY
Tru"cu*lence, Tru"cu*len*cy, n. Etym: [L.truculentia.]

Defn: The quality or state of being truculent; savageness of manners;
ferociousness.

TRUCULENT
Tru"cu*lent, a. Etym: [L.truculentus, fr. trux, gen. trucis, wild,
fierce: cf. F. truculent.]

1. Fierce; savage; ferocious; barbarous; as, the truculent
inhabitants of Scythia. Ray.

2. Cruel; destructive; ruthless.
More or less truculent plagues. Harvey.

TRUCULENTLY
Tru"cu*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a truculent manner.

TRUDGE
Trudge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trudged; p. pr. & vb. n. Trudging.] Etym:
[Perhaps of Scand. origin, and originally meaning, to walk on
snowshoes; cf. dial. Sw. truga, trudja, a snowshoe, Norw. truga,
Icel. þruga.]

Defn: To walk or march with labor; to jog along; to move wearily.
And trudged to Rome upon my naked feet. Dryden.

TRUDGEMAN
Trudge"man, n.

Defn: A truchman. [Obs.]

TRUDGEN STROKE
Trudg"en stroke. (Swimming)

Defn: A racing stroke in which a double over-arm motion is used; --
so called from its use by an amateur named Trudgen, but often
erroneously written trudgeon.

TRUE
True, a. [Compar. Truer; superl. Truest.] Etym: [OE. trewe, AS.
treówe faithful, true, from treów fidelity, faith, troth; akin to
OFries. triuwe, adj., treuwa, n., OS. triuwi, adj., trewa, n.,
D.trouw, adj. & n., G. treu, adj., treue, n., OHG. gitriuwi, adj.,
triuwa, n., Icel. tryggr, adj., Dan. tro, adj. & n., Sw. trogen,
adj., tro, n., Goth. triggws, adj., triggwa, n., trauan to trust,
OPruss druwis faith. Cf. Trow, Trust, Truth.]

1. Conformable to fact; in accordance with the actual state of
things; correct; not false, erroneous, inaccurate, or the like; as, a
true relation or narration; a true history; a declaration is true
when it states the facts.

2. Right to precision; conformable to a rule or pattern; exact;
accurate; as, a true copy; a true likeness of the original.
Making his eye, foot, and hand keep true time. Sir W. Scott.

3. Steady in adhering to friends, to promises, to a prince, or the
like; unwavering; faithful; loyal; not false, fickle, or perfidious;
as, a true friend; a wife true to her husband; an officer true to his
charge.
Thy so true, So faithful, love unequaled. Milton.
Dare to be true: nothing can need a lie. Herbert.

4. Actual; not counterfeit, adulterated, or pretended; genuine; pure;
real; as, true balsam; true love of country; a true Christian.
The true light which lighteth every man that cometh into the world.
John i. 9.
True ease in writing comes from art, not chance. Pope.

Note: True is sometimes used elliptically for It is true. Out of
true, varying from correct mechanical form, alignment, adjustment,
etc.; -- said of a wall that is not perpendicular, of a wheel whose
circumference is not in the same plane, and the like. [Colloq.] -- A
true bill (Law), a bill of indictment which is returned by the grand
jury so indorsed, signifying that the charges to be true.
 -- True time. See under Time.

TRUE
True, adv.

Defn: In accordance with truth; truly. Shak.

TRUE-BLUE
True"-blue`, a.

Defn: Of inflexible honesty and fidelity; -- a term derived from the
true, or Coventry, blue, formerly celebrated for its unchanging
color. See True blue, under Blue.

TRUE-BLUE
True"-blue`, n.

Defn: A person of inflexible integrity or fidelity.

TRUE-BORN
True"-born`, a.

Defn: Of genuine birth; having a right by birth to any title; as, a
true-born Englishman.

TRUE-BRED
True"-bred`, a.

1. Of a genuine or right breed; as, a true-bred beast. Shak.

2. Being of real breeding or education; as, a true-bred gentleman.

TRUE-HEARTED
True"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Of a faithful heart; honest; sincere; not faithless or
deceitful; as, a truhearted friend.
 -- True"-heart`ed*ness, n.

TRUELOVE
True"love`, n.

1. One really beloved.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant. See Paris.

3. An unexplained word occurring in Chaucer, meaning, perhaps, an
aromatic sweetmeat for sweetening the breath. T. R. Lounsbury.
Under his tongue a truelove he bore. Chaucer.
Truelove knot, a complicated, involved knot that does not readily
untie; the emblem of interwoven affection or engagement; -- called
also true-lover's knot.

TRUENESS
True"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being true; reality; genuineness; faithfulness;
sincerity; exactness; truth.

TRUE-PENNY
True"-pen`ny, n.

Defn: An honest fellow. Shak. Bacon.

TRUFFLE
Truf"fle, n. Etym: [OF. trufle, F. truffe; akin to Sp. trufa,
tartufo; of uncertain origin; perhaps from L. tuber a tumor, knob,
truffle. Cf. Tuber, Trifle.]

Defn: Any one of several kinds of roundish, subterranean fungi,
usually of a blackish color. The French truffle (Tuber melanosporum)
and the English truffle (T. æstivum) are much esteemed as articles of
food. Truffle worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a fly of the genus Leiodes,
injurious to truffles. Truffle pig, a pig used for finding truffles.

Note: When trained, certain pigs have a peculiar ability to smell
truffles which lie underground, making them useful for searching out
hidden truffles.

TRUFFLED
Truf"fled, a.

Defn: Provided or cooked with truffles; stuffed with truffles; as, a
truffled turkey.

TRUG
Trug, n. Etym: [Cf. Trough.]

1. A trough, or tray. Specifically:
(a) A hod for mortar.
(b) An old measure of wheat equal to two thirds of a bushel. Bailey.

2. A concubine; a harlot. [Obs.] Taylor (1630).

TRUGGING-HOUSE
Trug"ging-house`, n. Etym: [See Trug, n., 2.]

Defn: A brothel. [Obs.] Robert Greene.

TRUISM
Tru"ism, n. Etym: [From True.]

Defn: An undoubted or self-evident truth; a statement which is
pliantly true; a proposition needing no proof or argument; -- opposed
to falsism.
Trifling truisms clothed in great, swelling words. J. P. Smith.

TRUISMATIC
Tru`is*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to truisms; consisting of truisms. [R.]

TRUITE
Trui`té", a. [F., fr. truite trout.]

Defn: Having a delicately crackled surface; --applied to porcelian,
etc.

TRULL
Trull, n. Etym: [G. trolle, trulle; cf. OD. drol a jester, Dan. trold
an elf, imp, Sw. troll a goblin, Icel. troll, tröll, a giant, fiend,
demon. Cf. Droll, Troll.]

1. A drab; a strumpet; a harlot; a trollop. Shak.

2. A girl; a wench; a lass. [Obs.]

TRULLIZATION
Trul`li*za"tion, n. Etym: [L. trullissatio, from trullissare to
trowel, to plaster, fr. trulla a trowel.]

Defn: The act of laying on coats of plaster with a trowel.

TRULY
Tru"ly, adv. Etym: [From True.]

1. In a true manner; according to truth; in agreement with fact; as,
to state things truly; the facts are truly represented.
I can not truly say how I came here. Shak.

2. Exactly; justly; precisely; accurately; as, to estimate truly the
weight of evidence.

3. Sincerely; honestly; really; faithfully; as, to be truly attached
to a lover; the citizens are truly loyal to their prince or their
country. Burke.

4. Conformably to law; legally; legitimately.
His innocent babe [is] truly begotten. Shak.

5. In fact; in deed; in reality; in truth.
Beauty is excelled by manly grace And wisdom, which alone is truly
fair. Milton.

TRUMP
Trump, n. Etym: [OE. trumpe, trompe, F. trompe; probably fr. L.
triumphare to triumph, to exult, hence, probably, to make a joyous
sound or noise. See Triumph, v. i. & n., and cf. Trombone, Tromp,
Trump at cards, Trumpery, Trumpet, Trunk a proboscis.]

Defn: A wind instrument of music; a trumpet, or sound of a trumpet; -
- used chiefly in Scripture and poetry.
We shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at
the last trump. 1 Cor. xv. 51, 52.
The wakeful trump of doom. Milton.

TRUMP
Trump, v. i. Etym: [Cf. OF. tromper. See Trump a trumpet.]

Defn: To blow a trumpet. [Obs.] Wyclif (Matt. vi. 2).

TRUMP
Trump, n. Etym: [A corruption of triumph, F. triomphe. See Triumph,
and cf. Trump a trumpet.]

1. A winning card; one of a particular suit (usually determined by
chance for each deal) any card of which takes any card of the other
suits.

2. An old game with cards, nearly the same as whist; -- called also
ruff. Decker.

3. A good fellow; an excellent person. [Slang]
Alfred is a trump, I think you say. Thackeray.
To put to one's trumps, or To put on one's trumps, to force to the
last expedient, or to the utmost exertion.
But when kings come so low as to fawn upon philosophy, which before
they neither valued nor understood, it is a sign that fails not, they
are then put to their last trump. Milton.
Put the housekeeper to her trumps to accommodate them. W. Irving.

TRUMP
Trump, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Trumping.]

Defn: To play a trump card when one of another suit has been led.

TRUMP
Trump, v. t.

Defn: To play a trump card upon; to take with a trump card; as, she
trumped the first trick.

TRUMP
Trump, v. t. Etym: [F. tromper to deceive, in OF., to blow a trumpet,
se tromper de to mock. See Trump a trumpet.]

1. To trick, or impose on; to deceive. [Obs.] "To trick or trump
mankind." B. Jonson.

2. To impose unfairly; to palm off.
Authors have been trumped upon us. C. Leslie.
To trump up, to devise; to collect with unfairness; to fabricate; as,
to trump up a charge.

TRUMPERY
Trump"er*y, n. Etym: [F. tromperie deceit, fr. tromper to deceive.
See Trump to trick.]

1. Deceit; fraud. [Obs.] Grenewey.

2. Something serving to deceive by false show or pretense; falsehood;
deceit; worthless but showy matter; hence, things worn out and of no
value; rubbish.
The trumpery in my house, go bring it hither, for state to catch
these thieves. Shak.
Upon the coming of Christ, very much, though not all, of this
idolatrous trumpery and superstition was driven out of the world.
South.

TRUMPERY
Trump"er*y, a.

Defn: Worthless or deceptive in character. "A trumpery little ring."
Thackeray.

TRUMPET
Trump"et, n. Etym: [F. trompette, dim. of trompe. See Trump a
trumpet.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A wind instrument of great antiquity, much used in war and
military exercises, and of great value in the orchestra. In consists
of a long metallic tube, curved (once or twice) into a convenient
shape, and ending in a bell. Its scale in the lower octaves is
limited to the first natural harmonics; but there are modern trumpets
capable, by means of valves or pistons, of producing every tone
within their compass, although at the expense of the true ringing
quality of tone.
The trumpet's loud clangor Excites us to arms. Dryden.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A trumpeter. Clarendon.

3. One who praises, or propagates praise, or is the instrument of
propagating it. Shak.
That great politician was pleased to have the greatest wit of those
times . . . to be the trumpet of his praises. Dryden.

4. (Mach)

Defn: A funnel, or short, fiaring pipe, used as a guide or conductor,
as for yarn in a knitting machine. Ear trumpet. See under Ear.
 -- Sea trumpet (Bot.), a great seaweed (Ecklonia buccinalis) of the
Southern Ocean. It has a long, hollow stem, enlarging upwards, which
may be made into a kind of trumpet, and is used for many purposes.
 -- Speaking trumpet, an instrument for conveying articulate sounds
with increased force.
 -- Trumpet animalcule (Zoöl.), any infusorian belonging to Stentor
and allied genera, in which the body is trumpet-shaped. See Stentor.
 -- Trumpet ash (Bot.), the trumpet creeper. [Eng.] -- Trumpet conch
(Zoöl.), a trumpet shell, or triton.
 -- Trumpet creeper (Bot.), an American climbing plant (Tecoma
radicans) bearing clusters of large red trumpet-shaped flowers; --
called also trumpet flower, and in England trumpet ash.
 -- Trumpet fish. (Zoöl.) (a) The bellows fish. (b) The fistularia.
 -- Trumpet flower. (Bot.) (a) The trumpet creeper; also, its
blossom. (b) The trumpet honeysuckle. (c) A West Indian name for
several plants with trumpet-shaped flowers.
 -- Trumpet fly (Zoöl.), a botfly.
 -- Trumpet honeysuckle (Bot.), a twining plant (Lonicera
sempervirens) with red and yellow trumpet-shaped flowers; -- called
also trumpet flower.
 -- Trumpet leaf (Bot.), a name of several plants of the genus
Sarracenia.
 -- Trumpet major (Mil.), the chief trumpeter of a band or regiment.
 -- Trumpet marine (Mus.), a monochord, having a thick string,
sounded with a bow, and stopped with the thumb so as to produce the
harmonic tones; -- said to be the oldest bowed instrument known, and
in form the archetype of all others. It probably owes its name to
"its external resemblance to the large speaking trumpet used on board
Italian vessels, which is of the same length and tapering shape."
Grove.
 -- Trumpet shell (Zoöl.), any species of large marine univalve
shells belonging to Triton and allied genera. See Triton, 2.
 -- Trumpet tree. (Bot.) See Trumpetwood.

TRUMPET
Trump"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trumpeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Trumpeting.]
Etym: [Cf. F. trompeter.]

Defn: To publish by, or as by, sound of trumpet; to noise abroad; to
proclaim; as, to trumpet good tidings.
They did nothing but publish and trumpet all the reproaches they
could devise against the Irish. Bacon.

TRUMPET
Trump"et, v. i.

Defn: To sound loudly, or with a tone like a trumpet; to utter a
trumplike cry.

TRUMPETER
Trump"et*er, n.

1. One who sounds a trumpet.

2. One who proclaims, publishes, or denounces.
These men are good trumpeters. Bacon.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of several species of long-legged South American birds of
the genus Psophia, especially P. crepitans, which is abundant, and
often domesticated and kept with other poultry by the natives. They
are allied to the cranes. So called from their loud cry. Called also
agami, and yakamik.
(b) A variety of the domestic pigeon.
(c) An American swan (Olor buccinator) which has a very loud note.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large edible fish (Latris hecateia) of the family Cirrhitidæ,
native of Tasmania and New Zealand. It sometimes weighs as much as
fifty or sixty pounds, and is highly esteemed as a food fish.

TRUMPETING
Trump"et*ing, n. (Mining)

Defn: A channel cut behind the brick lining of a shaft. Raymond.

TRUMPETS
Trump"ets, n. pl. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Sarracenia flava) with long, hollow leaves.

TRUMPET-SHAPED
Trump"et-shaped`, a.

Defn: Tubular with one end dilated, as the flower of the trumpet
creeper.

TRUMPET-TONGUED
Trump"et-tongued`, a.

Defn: Having a powerful, far-reaching voice or speech.

TRUMPETWEED
Trump"et*weed`, n. (Bot.)
(a) An herbaceous composite plant (Eupatorium purpureum), often
having hollow stems, and bearing purplish flowers in small corymbed
heads.
(b) The sea trumpet.

TRUMPETWOOD
Trump"et*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tropical American tree (Cecropia peltata) of the Breadfruit
family, having hollow stems, which are used for wind instruments; --
called also snakewood, and trumpet tree.

TRUMPIE
Trum"pie, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Richardson's skua (Stercorarius parasiticus).

TRUMPLIKE
Trump"like`, a.

Defn: Resembling a trumpet, esp. in sound; as, a trumplike voice.
Chapman.

TRUNCAL
Trun"cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the trunk, or body.

TRUNCATE
Trun"cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Truncated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Truncating.] Etym: [L. truncatus, p. p. of truncare to cut off,
mutilate, fr. truncus maimed, mutilated, cut short. See Trunk.]

Defn: To cut off; to lop; to maim.

TRUNCATE
Trun"cate, a. Etym: [L. truncatus, p. p. ]

Defn: Appearing as if cut off at the tip; as, a truncate leaf or
feather.

TRUNCATED
Trun"ca*ted, a.

1. Cut off; cut short; maimed.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Replaced, or cut off, by a plane, especially when equally
inclined to the adjoining faces; as, a truncated edge.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Lacking the apex; -- said of certain spiral shells in which the
apex naturally drops off. Truncated cone or pyramid (Geom.), a cone
or pyramid whose vertex is cut off by a plane, the plane being
usually parallel to the base.

TRUNCATION
Trun*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. truncatio.]

1. The act of truncating, lopping, or cutting off.

2. The state of being truncated.

3. (Min.)

Defn: The replacement of an edge or solid angle by a plane,
especially when the plane is equally inclined to the adjoining faces.

TRUNCH
Trunch, n. Etym: [See Truncheon.]

Defn: A stake; a small post. [Obs.]

TRUNCHEON
Trun"cheon, n. Etym: [OE. tronchoun the shaft of a broken spear,
broken piece, OF.tronchon, tron, F. tron, fr. OF. & F. tronce,
tronche, a piece of wood; cf. OF. trons, tros, trois; all perhaps
from L. thyrsus a stalk, stem, staff. See Thyrsus, and cf. Trounce.]

1. A short staff, a club; a cudgel; a shaft of a spear.
With his truncheon he so rudely struck. Spenser.

2. A baton, or military staff of command.
The marshal's truncheon nor the judges robe. Shak.

3. A stout stem, as of a tree, with the branches lopped off, to
produce rapid growth. Gardner.

TRUNCHEON
Trun"cheon, v. t.

Defn: To beat with a truncheon. Shak.

TRUNCHEONED
Trun"cheoned, a.

Defn: Having a truncheon.

TRUNCHEONEER
Trun`cheon*eer", n.

Defn: A person armed with a truncheon. [Written also truncheoner.]

TRUNCUS
Trun"cus, n. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The thorax of an insect. See Trunk, n., 5.

TRUNDLE
Trun"dle, n. Etym: [AS. tryndel a little shield. See Trend, v. i.]

1. A round body; a little wheel.

2. A lind of low-wheeled cart; a truck.

3. A motion as of something moving upon little wheels or rollers; a
rolling motion.

4. (Mach.)
(a) A lantern wheel. See under Lantern.
(b) One of the bars of a lantern wheel.

TRUNDLE
Trun"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trundled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trundling.]

1. To roll (a thing) on little wheels; as, to trundle a bed or a gun
carriage.

2. To cause to roll or revolve; to roll along; as, to trundle a hoop
or a ball. R. A. Proctor.

TRUNDLE
Trun"dle, v. i.

1. To go or move on small wheels; as, a bed trundles under another.

2. To roll, or go by revolving, as a hoop.

TRUNDLE-BED
Trun"dle-bed`, n.

Defn: A low bed that is moved on trundles, or little wheels, so that
it can be pushed under a higher bed; a truckle-bed; also, sometimes,
a simiral bed without wheels. Chapman.

TRUNDLEHEAD
Trun"dle*head`, n.

1. (Gearing)

Defn: One of the disks forming the ends of a lantern wheel or pinion.

2. The drumhead of a capstan; especially, the drumhead of the lower
of two capstans on the sane axis.

TRUNDLETAIL
Trun"dle*tail`, n.

Defn: A round or curled-up tail; also, a dog with such a tail. Shak.

TRUNK
Trunk, n. Etym: [F. tronc, L. truncus, fr. truncus maimed, mutilated;
perhaps akin to torquere to twist wrench, and E. torture. Trunk in
the sense of proboscis is fr. F. trompe (the same word as trompe a
trumpet), but has been confused in English with trunk the stem of a
tree (see Trump a trumpet). Cf. Truncate.]

1. The stem, or body, of a tree, apart from its limbs and roots; the
main stem, without the branches; stock; stalk.
About the mossy trunk I wound me soon, For, high from ground, the
branches would require Thy utmost reach. Milton.

2. The body of an animal, apart from the head and limbs.

3. The main body of anything; as, the trunk of a vein or of an
artery, as distinct from the branches.

4. (Arch)

Defn: That part of a pilaster which is between the base and the
capital, corresponding to the shaft of a column.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: That segment of the body of an insect which is between the head
and abdomen, and bears the wings and legs; the thorax; the truncus.

6. (Zoöl.)
(a) The proboscis of an elephant.
(b) The proboscis of an insect.

7. A long tube through which pellets of clay, p
He shot sugarplums them out of a trunk. Howell.

8. A box or chest usually covered with leather, metal, or cloth, or
sometimes made of leather, hide, or metal, for containing clothes or
other goods; especially, one used to convey the effects of a
traveler.
Locked up in chests and trunks. Shak.

9. (Mining)

Defn: A flume or sluice in which ores are separated from the slimes
in which they are contained.

10. (Steam Engine)

Defn: A large pipe forming the piston rod of a steam engine, of
sufficient diameter to allow one end of the connecting rod to be
attached to the crank, and the other end to pass within the pipe
directly to the piston, thus making the engine more compact.

11. A long, large box, pipe, or conductor, made of plank or metal
plates, for various uses, as for conveying air to a mine or to a
furnace, water to a mill, grain to an elevator, etc. Trunk engine, a
marine engine, the piston rod of which is a trunk. See Trunk, 10.
 -- Trunk hose, large breeches formerly worn, reaching to the knees.
 -- Trunk line, the main line of a railway, canal, or route of
conveyance.
 -- Trunk turtle (Zoöl.), the leatherback.

TRUNK
Trunk, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. tronquer. See Truncate.]

1. To lop off; to curtail; to truncate; to maim. [Obs.] "Out of the
trunked stock." Spenser.

2. (Mining)

Defn: To extract (ores) from the slimes in which they are contained,
by means of a trunk. See Trunk, n., 9. Weale.

TRUNKBACK
Trunk"back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The leatherback.

TRUNKED
Trunked, a.

Defn: Having (such) a trunk.
Thickset with strong and well-trunked trees. Howell.

TRUNK ENGINE
Trunk engine.

Defn: An engine having a trunk piston, as most internal combustion
engines.

TRUNKFISH
Trunk"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of plectognath fishes, belonging to
the genus Ostracion, or the family Ostraciontidæ, having an angular
body covered with a rigid integument consisting of bony scales. Some
of the species are called also coffer fish, and boxfish.

TRUNKFUL
Trunk"ful, n.; pl. Trunkfuls (.

Defn: As much as a trunk will hold; enough to fill a trunk.

TRUNK PISTON
Trunk piston.

Defn: In a single-acting engine, an elongated hollow piston, open at
the end, in which the end of the connecting rod is pivoted. The
piston rod, crosshead and stuffing box are thus dispensed with.

TRUNK STEAMER
Trunk steamer.

Defn: A freight steamer having a high hatch coaming extending almost
continuously fore and aft, but not of whaleback form at the sides.

TRUNKWORK
Trunk"work`, n.

Defn: Work or devices suitable to be concealed; a secret stratagem.
[Obs.]

TRUNNEL
Trun"nel, n.

Defn: A trundle. [R.]

TRUNNEL
Trun"nel, n. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: See Treenail.

TRUNNION
Trun"nion, n. Etym: [OF. trognon the stock, stump, or truck of a
tree, F. trognon a core, stalk, fr.tron a trunk, stem. Cf. Trunk.]

1. (Gun.)

Defn: A cylindrical projection on each side of a piece, whether gun,
mortar, or howitzer, serving to support it on the cheeks of the
carriage. See Illust. of Cannon.

2. (Steam Engine)

Defn: A gudgeon on each side of an oscillating steam cylinder, to
support it. It is usually tubular, to convey steam. Trunnion plate
(Gun.), a plate in the carriage of a gun, mortar, or howitzer, which
covers the upper part of the cheek, and forms a bearing under the
trunnion.
 -- Trunnion ring (Gun.), a ring on a cannon next before the
trunnions. [R.]

TRUNNIONED
Trun"nioned, a.

Defn: Provided with trunnions; as, the trunnioned cylinder of an
oscillating steam engine.

TRUSION
Tru"sion, n. Etym: [L.trudere, trusum, to thrust, shove: cf. F.
trusion.]

Defn: The act of pushing or thrusting. [R.] Bentley.

TRUSS
Truss, n. Etym: [OE. trusse, F. trousse, OF. also tourse; perhaps fr.
L. tryrsus stalk, stem. Cf. Thyrsus, Torso, Trousers, Trousseau.]

1. A bundle; a package; as, a truss of grass. Fabyan.
Bearing a truss of trifles at his back. Spenser.

Note: A truss of hay in England is 56 lbs. of old and 60 lbs. of new
hay; a truss of straw is 36 lbs.

2. A padded jacket or dress worn under armor, to protect the body
from the effects of friction; also, a part of a woman's dress; a
stomacher. [Obs.] Nares.
Puts off his palmer's weed unto his truss, which bore The stains of
ancient arms. Drayton.

3. (Surg.)

Defn: A bandage or apparatus used in cases of hernia, to keep up the
reduced parts and hinder further protrusion, and for other purposes.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: A tuft of flowers formed at the top of the main stalk, or stem,
of certain plants.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: The rope or iron used to keep the center of a yard to the mast.

6. (Arch. & Engin.)

Defn: An assemblage of members of wood or metal, supported at two
points, and arranged to transmit pressure vertically to those points,
with the least possible strain across the length of any member.
Architectural trusses when left visible, as in open timber roofs,
often contain members not needed for construction, or are built with
greater massiveness than is requisite, or are composed in
unscientific ways in accordance with the exigencies of style. Truss
rod, a rod which forms the tension member of a trussed beam, or a tie
rod in a truss.

TRUSS
Truss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trussed; p. pr. & vb. n. Trussing.] Etym:
[F. trousser. See Truss, n.]

1. To bind or pack close; to make into a truss. Shak.
It [his hood] was trussed up in his wallet. Chaucer.

2. To take fast hold of; to seize and hold firmly; to pounce upon.
[Obs.]
Who trussing me as eagle doth his prey. Spenser.

3. To strengthen or stiffen, as a beam or girder, by means of a brace
or braces.

4. To skewer; to make fast, as the wings of a fowl to the body in
cooking it.

5. To execute by hanging; to hang; -- usually with up. [Slang.] Sir
W. Scott. To truss a person or one's self, to adjust and fasten the
clothing of; especially, to draw tight and tie the laces of garments.
[Obs.] "Enter Honeysuckle, in his nightcap, trussing himself." J.
Webster (1607).
 -- To truss up, to strain; to make close or tight.
 -- Trussed beam, a beam which is stiffened by a system of braces
constituting a truss of which the beam is a chord.

TRUSSING
Truss"ing, n.

1. (Arch. & Engin.)

Defn: The timbers, etc., which form a truss, taken collectively.
Weale.

2. (Arch. & Engin.)

Defn: The art of stiffening or bracing a set of timbers, or the like,
by putting in struts, ties, etc., till it has something of the
character of a truss.

3. The act of a hawk, or other bird of prey, in seizing its quarry,
and soaring with it into air. [Obs.]

TRUST
Trust, n. Etym: [OE. trust, trost, Icel. traust confidence, security;
akin to Dan. & Sw. tröst comfort, consolation, G. trost, Goth.
trausti a convention, covenant, and E. true. See True, and cf.
Tryst.]

1. Assured resting of the mind on the integrity, veracity, justice,
friendship, or other sound principle, of another person; confidence;
reliance; reliance. "O ever-failing trust in mortal strength!"
Milton.
Most take things upon trust. Locke.

2. Credit given; especially, delivery of property or merchandise in
reliance upon future payment; exchange without immediate receipt of
an equivalent; as, to sell or buy goods on trust.

3. Assured anticipation; dependence upon something future or
contingent, as if present or actual; hope; belief. "Such trust have
we through Christ." 2 Cor. iii. 4.
His trust was with the Eternal to be deemed Equal in strength.
Milton.

4. That which is committed or intrusted to one; something received in
confidence; charge; deposit.

5. The condition or obligation of one to whom anything is confided;
responsible charge or office.
[I] serve him truly that will put me in trust. Shak.
Reward them well, if they observe their trust. Denham.

6. That upon which confidence is reposed; ground of reliance; hope.
O Lord God, thou art my trust from my youth. Ps. lxxi. 5.

7. (Law)

Defn: An estate devised or granted in confidence that the devisee or
grantee shall convey it, or dispose of the profits, at the will, or
for the benefit, of another; an estate held for the use of another; a
confidence respecting property reposed in one person, who is termed
the trustee, for the benefit of another, who is called the cestui que
trust.

8. An organization formed mainly for the purpose of regulating the
supply and price of commodities, etc.; as, a sugar trust. [Cant]

Syn.
 -- Confidence; belief; faith; hope; expectation. Trust deed (Law), a
deed conveying property to a trustee, for some specific use.

TRUST
Trust, a.

Defn: Held in trust; as, trust property; trustmoney.

TRUST
Trust, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Trusting.] Etym:
[OE. trusten, trosten. See Trust, n.]

1. To place confidence in; to rely on, to confide, or repose faith,
in; as, we can not trust those who have deceived us.
I will never trust his word after. Shak.
He that trusts every one without reserve will at last be deceived.
Johnson.

2. To give credence to; to believe; to credit.
Trust me, you look well. Shak.

3. To hope confidently; to believe; -- usually with a phrase or
infinitive clause as the object.
I trust to come unto you, and speak face to face. 2 John 12.
We trustwe have a good conscience. Heb. xiii. 18.

4. to show confidence in a person by intrusting (him) with something.
Whom, with your power and fortune, sir, you trust, Now to suspect is
vain. Dryden.

5. To commit, as to one's care; to intrust.
Merchants were not willing to trust precious cargoes to any custody
but that of a man-of-war. Macaulay.

6. To give credit to; to sell to upon credit, or in confidence of
future payment; as, merchants and manufacturers trust their customers
annually with goods.

7. To risk; to venture confidently.
[Beguiled] by thee to trust thee from my side. Milton.

TRUST
Trust, v. i.

1. To have trust; to be credulous; to be won to confidence; to
confide.
More to know could not be more to trust. Shak.

2. To be confident, as of something future; to hope.
I will trust and not be afraid. Isa. xii. 2.

3. To sell or deliver anything in reliance upon a promise of payment;
to give credit.
It is happier sometimes to be cheated than not to trust. Johnson.
To trust in, To trust on, to place confidence in,; to rely on; to
depend. "Trust in the Lord, and do good." Ps. xxxvii. 3. "A priest .
. . on whom we trust." Chaucer.
Her widening streets on new foundations trust. Dryden.
To trust to or unto, to depend on; to have confidence in; to rely on.
They trusted unto the liers in wait. Judges xx. 36.

TRUST COMPANY
Trust company.

Defn: Any corporation formed for the purpose of acting as trustee.
Such companies usually do more or less of a banking business.

TRUSTEE
Trus*tee", n. (Law)

Defn: A person to whom property is legally committed in trust, to be
applied either for the benefit of specified individuals, or for
public uses; one who is intrusted with property for the benefit of
another; also, a person in whose hands the effects of another are
attached in a trustee process. Trustee process (Law), a process by
which a creditor may attach his debtor's goods, effects, and credits,
in the hands of a third person; -- called, in some States, the
process of foreign attachment, garnishment, or factorizing process.
[U. S.]

TRUSTEE
Trus*tee", v. t.

1. To commit (property) to the care of a trustee; as, to trustee an
estate.

2. (Law)

Defn: To attach (a debtor's wages, credits, or property in the hands
of a third person) in the interest of the creditor. [U.S.]

TRUSTEE PROCESS
Trus*tee" proc"ess. (Law)

Defn: The process of attachment by garnishment. [U. S.]

TRUSTEESHIP
Trus*tee"ship, n.

Defn: The office or duty of a trustee.

TRUSTEE STOCK
Trustee stock. (Finance)

Defn: High-grade stock in which trust funds may be legally invested.
[Colloq.]

TRUSTER
Trust"er, n.

1. One who trusts, or credits.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: One who makes a trust; -- the correlative of trustee.

TRUSTFUL
Trust"ful, a.

1. Full of trust; trusting.

2. Worthy of trust; faithful; trusty; trustworthy.
 -- Trust"ful*ly,adv.
 -- Trust"ful*ness, n.

TRUSTILY
Trust"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a trusty manner.

TRUSTINESS
Trust"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being trusty.

TRUSTING
Trust"ing, a.

Defn: Having or exercising trust; confiding; unsuspecting; trustful.
 -- Trust"ing*ly, adv.

TRUSTLESS
Trust"less, a.

Defn: That may not be trusted; not worthy of trust; unfaithful.
 -- Trust"less*ness, n.

TRUSTWORTHY
Trust"wor`thy, a.

Defn: Worthy of trust or confidence; trusty.
 -- Trust"wor`thi*ness, n.

TRUSTY
Trust"y, a. [Compar. Trustier; superl. Trustiest.]

1. Admitting of being safely trusted; justly deserving confidence;
fit to be confided in; trustworthy; reliable.
Your trusty and most valiant servitor. Shak.

2. Hence, not liable to fail; strong; firm.
His trusty sword he called to his aid. Spenser.

3. Involving trust; as, a trusty business. [R.] Shak.

TRUTH
Truth, n.; pl. Truths. Etym: [OE. treuthe, trouthe, treowpe, AS.
treów. See True; cf. Troth, Betroth.]

1. The quality or being true; as: -- (a) Conformity to fact or
reality; exact accordance with that which is, or has been; or shall
be.
(b) Conformity to rule; exactness; close correspondence with an
example, mood, object of imitation, or the like.
Plows, to go true, depend much on the truth of the ironwork.
Mortimer.

(c) Fidelity; constancy; steadfastness; faithfulness.
Alas! they had been friends in youth, But whispering tongues can
poison truth. Coleridge.

(d) The practice of speaking what is true; freedom from falsehood;
veracity.
If this will not suffice, it must appear That malice bears down
truth. Shak.

2. That which is true or certain concerning any matter or subject, or
generally on all subjects; real state of things; fact; verity;
reality.
Speak ye every man the truth to his neighbor. Zech. viii. 16.
I long to know the truth here of at large. Shak.
The truth depends on, or is only arrived at by, a legitimate
deduction from all the facts which are truly material. Coleridge.

3. A true thing; a verified fact; a true statement or proposition; an
established principle, fixed law, or the like; as, the great truths
of morals.
Even so our boasting . . . is found a truth. 2 Cor. vii. 14.

4. Righteousness; true religion.
Grace and truth came by Jesus Christ. John i. 17.
Sanctify them through thy truth; thy word is truth. John xvii. 17.
In truth, in reality; in fact.
 -- Of a truth, in reality; certainly.
 -- To do truth, to practice what God commands.
He that doeth truth cometh to the light. John iii. 21.

TRUTH
Truth, v. t.

Defn: To assert as true; to declare. [R.]
Had they [the ancients] dreamt this, they would have truthed it
heaven. Ford.

TRUTHFUL
Truth"ful, a.

Defn: Full of truth; veracious; reliable.
 -- Truth"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Truth"ful*ness, n.

TRUTHLESS
Truth"less, a.

Defn: Devoid of truth; dishonest; dishonest; spurious; faithless.
 -- Truth"less*ness, n.

TRUTH-LOVER
Truth"-lov`er, n.

Defn: One who loves the truth.
Truth-lover was our English Duke. Tennyson.

TRUTHNESS
Truth"ness, n.

Defn: Truth. [Obs. & R.] Marston.

TRUTH-TELLER
Truth"-tell`er, n.

Defn: One who tells the truth.
Truth-teller was our England's Alfred named. Tennyson.

TRUTHY
Truth"y, a.

Defn: Truthful; likely; probable. [R.] "A more truthy import." W. G.
Palgrave.

TRUTINATION
Tru`ti*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. trutinari to weigh, from trutina a
balance. See Trone a steelyard.]

Defn: The act of weighing. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

TRUTTACEOUS
Trut*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [LL. trutta a trout, L. tructa. See Trout.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a trout; as, fish of the
truttaceous kind.

TRY
Try, v. t. [imp. & p. p. tried; p. pr. & vb. n. Trying.] Etym: [OE.
trien to select, pick out, F. trier to cull, to out, LL. tritare to
triturate (hence the sense of, to thresh, to separate the grain from
the straw, to select), L. terere, tritum, to rub, bruise, grind,
thresh. See Trite.]

1. To divide or separate, as one sort from another; to winnow; to
sift; to pick out; -- frequently followed by out; as, to try out the
wild corn from the good. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

2. To purify or refine, as metals; to melt out, and procure in a pure
state, as oil, tallow, lard, etc. Shak.
The words of the Lord are pure words: as silver tried in a furnace of
earth, purified seven times. Ps. xii. 6.
For thou, O God, hast proved us: thou hast tried us, as silver is
tried. Ps. lxvi. 10.

3. To prove by experiment; to apply a test to, for the purpose of
determining the quality; to examine; to prove; to test; as, to try
weights or measures by a standard; to try a man's opinions.
Let the end try the man. Shak.

4. To subject to severe trial; to put to the test; to cause suffering
or trouble to.
Thus far to try thee, Adam, I was pleased. Milton.
Thomas Paine (1776)

5. To experiment with; to test by use; as, to try a remedy for
disease; to try a horse.
Come, try upon yourselves what you have seen me. Shak.
To ease her cares the force of sleep she tries. Swift.

6. To strain; to subject to excessive tests; as, the light tries his
eyes; repeated disappointments try one's patience.

7. (Law)

Defn: To examine or investigate judicially; to examine by witnesses
or other judicial evidence and the principles of law; as, to try a
cause, or a criminal.

8. To settle; to decide; to determine; specifically, to decide by an
appeal to arms; as, to try rival claims by a duel; to try
conclusions.
Left I the court, to see this quarrel tried. Shak.

9. To experience; to have or gain knowledge of by experience. Milton.
Or try the Libyan heat or Scythian cold. Dryden.

10. To essay; to attempt; to endeavor.
Let us try . . . to found a path. Milton.
To try on. (a) To put on, as a garment, to ascertain whether it fits
the person. (b) To attempt; to undertake. [Slang] Dickens.

Syn.
 -- To attempt; endeavor; strive; aim; examine.
 -- Try, Attempt. To try is the generic, to attempt is the specific,
term. When we try, we are usually uncertain as to success; when we
attempt, we have always some definite object in view which we seek to
accomplish. We may be indifferent as to the result of a trial, but we
rarely attempt anything without a desire to succeed.
He first deceased: she for a little tried To live without him; liked
it not, and died. Sir H. Wotton.
Alack, I am afraid they have a waked, And 't is not done. The
attempt, and not the deed, Confounds us. Shak.

TRY
Try, v. i.

1. To exert strength; to endeavor; to make an effort or an attempt;
as, you must try hard if you wish to learn.

2. To do; to fare; as, how do you try! [Prov. Eng.]

TRY
Try, n.

1. A screen, or sieve, for grain. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Holland.

2. Act of trying; attempt; experiment; trial.
This breaking of his has been but a try for his friends. Shak.
Try cock, a gauge cock. See under Gauge.

TRY
Try, a. Etym: [Cf. Try, v. t.]

Defn: Refined; select; excellent; choice. [Obs.] "Sugar that is try."
Chaucer.

TRY COCK
Try cock.

Defn: A cock for withdrawing a small quantity of liquid, as for
testing.

TRYGON
Try"gon (tri"gôn) n. Etym: [L., a sting ray, from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large sting rays belonging to
Trygon and allied genera.

TRYING
Try"ing, a.

Defn: Adapted to try, or put to severe trial; severe; afflictive; as,
a trying occasion or position.

TRYOUT
Try"out, n. (Sports)

Defn: A test by which the fitness of a player or contestant to remain
in a certain class is determined.

TRYPSIN
Tryp"sin, n. Etym: [Cr. (physiol.)

Defn: A proteolytic ferment, or enzyme, present in the pancreatic
juice. Unlike the pepsin of the gastric juice, it acts in a neutral
or alkaline fluid, and not only converts the albuminous matter of the
food into soluble peptones, but also, in part, into leucin and
tyrosin.

TRYPSINOGEN
Tryp*sin"o*gen, n. Etym: [Trypsin + -gen.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The antecedent of trypsin, a substance which is contained in
the cells of the pancreas and gives rise to the trypsin.

TRYPTIC
Tryp"tic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Relating to trypsin or to its action; produced by trypsin; as,
trypsin digestion.

TRYPTONE
Tryp"tone, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The peptone formed by pancreatic digestion; -- so called
because it is formed through the agency of the ferment trypsin.

TRYSAIL
Try"sail, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A fore-and-aft sail, bent to a gaff, and hoisted on a lower
mast or on a small mast, called the trysail mast, close abaft a lower
mast; -- used chiefly as a storm sail. Called also spencer. Totten.

TRY-SQUARE
Try"-square`, n.

Defn: An instrument used by carpenters, joiners, etc., for laying off
right angles off right angles, and testing whether work is square.

TRYST
Tryst, n. Etym: [OE. trist, tryst, a variant of trust; cf. Icel.
treysta to make trusty, fr. traust confidence, security. See Trust,
n.]

1. Trust. [Obs.]

2. An appointment to meet; also, an appointed place or time of
meeting; as, to keep tryst; to break tryst. [Scot. or Poetic] To bide
tryst, to wait, at the appointed time, for one with whom a tryst or
engagement is made; to keep an engagement or appointment.
The tenderest-hearted maid That ever bided tryst at village stile.
Tennyson.

TRYST
Tryst, v. t. Etym: [OE. tristen, trysten. See Tryst, n.]

1. To trust. [Obs.]

2. To agree with to meet at a certain place; to make an appointment
with. [Scot.] Burns.

TRYST
Tryst, v. i.

Defn: To mutually agree to meet at a certain place. [Scot.]

TRYSTER
Tryst"er, n.

Defn: One who makes an appointment, or tryst; one who meets with
another.

TRYSTING
Tryst"ing, n.

Defn: An appointment; a tryst. Trysting day, an arranged day of
meeting or assembling, as of soldiers, friends, and the like.
And named a trysting day, And bade his messengers ride forth East and
west and south and north, To summon his array. Macaulay.
-- Trysting place, a place designated for the assembling of soldiers,
the meeting of parties for an interview, or the like; a rendezvous.
Byron.

TSAR
Tsar, n.

Defn: The title of the emperor of Russia. See Czar.

TSARINA; TSARITSA
Tsa*ri"na, Tsa*rit"sa, n. Etym: [Russ. tsaritsa. Cf. Czarina.]

Defn: The title of the empress of Russia. See Czarina.

TSCHAKMECK
Tschak*meck", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chameck.

TSCHEGO
Tsche"go, n. Etym: [From a native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African anthropoid ape allied to the gorilla and
chimpanzee, and by some considered only a variety of the chimpanzee.
It is noted for building large, umbrella-shaped nests in trees.
Called also tscheigo, tschiego, nschego, nscheigo.

TSEBE
Tse"be, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The springbok.

TSETSE
Tset"se, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A venomous two-winged African fly (Glossina morsitans) whose
bite is very poisonous, and even fatal, to horses and cattle, but
harmless to men. It renders extensive districts in which it abounds
uninhabitable during certain seasons of the year. [Written also
tzetze, and tsetze.]

T SQUARE
T" square`.

Defn: See under T.

TSUNG-LI YAMEN
Tsung"-li Ya"men. [Written also Tsung-li-Yamen or Tsungli Yamen.]
[Chin.]

Defn: The board or department of foreign affairs in the Chinese
government. See Yamen.

TSUNG TU
Tsung" tu`.

Defn: A viceroy or governor-general, the highest provincial official
in China, with civil and military authority over one or more
provinces.

TUATARA
Tu`a*ta"ra, n. [Maori tuatàra; tua on the farther side (the back) +
tara spine.]

Defn: A large iguanalike reptile (Sphenodon punctatum) formerly
common in New Zealand, but now confined to certain islets near the
coast. It reaches a length of two and a half feet, is dark olive-
green with small white or yellowish specks on the sides, and has
yellow spines along the back, except on the neck.

TUATERA
Tu`a*te"ra, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Hatteria.

TUB
Tub, n. Etym: [OE. tubbe; of Dutch or Low German origin; cf. LG.
tubbe, D. tobbe.]

1. An open wooden vessel formed with staves, bottom, and hoops; a
kind of short cask, half barrel, or firkin, usually with but one
head, -- used for various purposes.

2. The amount which a tub contains, as a measure of quantity; as, a
tub of butter; a tub of camphor, which is about 1 cwt., etc.

3. Any structure shaped like a tub: as, a certain old form of pulpit;
a short, broad boat, etc., -- often used jocosely or opprobriously.
All being took up and busied, some in pulpits and some in tubs, in
the grand work of preaching and holding forth. South.

4. A sweating in a tub; a tub fast. [Obs.] Shak.

5. A small cask; as, a tub of gin.

6. A box or bucket in which coal or ore is sent up a shaft; -- so
called by miners. Tub fast, an old mode of treatment for the venereal
disease, by sweating in a close place, or tub, and fasting. [Obs.]
Shak.
 -- Tub wheel, a horizontal water wheel, usually in the form of a
short cylinder, to the circumference of which spiral vanes or floats,
placed radially, are attached, turned by the impact of one or more
streams of water, conducted so as to strike against the floats in the
direction of a tangent to the cylinder.

TUB
Tub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tubbing.]

Defn: To plant or set in a tub; as, to tub a plant.

TUB
Tub, i.

Defn: To make use of a bathing tub; to lie or be in a bath; to bathe.
[Colloq.]
Don't we all tub in England London Spectator.

TUBA
Tu"ba, n. Etym: [L., trumpet.] (Mus.)
(a) An ancient trumpet.
(b) A sax-tuba. See Sax-tuba.

TUBAL
Tub"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tube; specifically, of or pertaining to
one of the Fallopian tubes; as, tubal pregnancy.

TUBBING
Tub"bing, n.

1. The forming of a tub; also, collectively, materials for tubs.

2. A lining of timber or metal around the shaft of a mine;
especially, a series of cast-iron cylinders bolted together, used to
enable those who sink a shaft to penetrate quicksand, water, etc.,
with safety.

TUBBY
Tub"by, a.

Defn: Resembling a tub; specifically sounding dull and without
resonance, like a tub; wanting elasticity or freedom of sound; as, a
tubby violin.

TUBE
Tube, n. Etym: [L.tubus; akin to tuba a trumpet: cf F. tube.]

1. A hollow cylinder, of any material, used for the conveyance of
fluids, and for various other purposes; a pipe.

2. A telescope. "Glazed optic tube." Milton.

3. A vessel in animal bodies or plants, which conveys a fluid or
other substance.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: The narrow, hollow part of a gamopetalous corolla.

5. (Gun.)

Defn: A priming tube, or friction primer. See under Priming, and
Friction.

6. (Steam Boilers)

Defn: A small pipe forming part of the boiler, containing water and
surrounded by flame or hot gases, or else surrounded by water and
forming a flue for the gases to pass through.

7. (Zoöl.)
(a) A more or less cylindrical, and often spiral, case secreted or
constructed by many annelids, crustaceans, insects, and other
animals, for protection or concealment. See Illust. of Tubeworm.
(b) One of the siphons of a bivalve mollusk. Capillary tube, a tube
of very fine bore. See Capillary.
 -- Fire tube (Steam Boilers), a tube which forms a flue.
 -- Tube coral. (Zoöl.) Same as Tubipore.
 -- Tube foot (Zoöl.), one of the ambulacral suckers of an
echinoderm.
 -- Tube plate, or Tube sheet (Steam Boilers), a flue plate. See
under Flue.
 -- Tube pouch (Mil.), a pouch containing priming tubes.
 -- Tube spinner (Zoöl.), any one of various species of spiders that
construct tubelike webs. They belong to Tegenaria, Agelena, and
allied genera.
 -- Water tube (Steam Boilers), a tube containing water and
surrounded by flame or hot gases.

TUBE
Tube, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tubed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tubing.]

Defn: To furnish with a tube; as, to tube a well.

TUBEFORM
Tube"form, a.

Defn: In the form of a tube; tubular; tubiform.

TUBE-NOSED
Tube"-nosed`, a. (Zoöl.)
(a) Having the nostrils prolonged in the form of horny tubes along
the sides of the beak; -- said of certain sea birds.
(b) Belonging to the Tubinares.

TUBER
Tu"ber, n.Etym: [L., a hump. knob; probably akin to tumere to swell.
Cf. Tumid.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) A fleshy, rounded stem or root, usually containing starchy
matter, as the potato or arrowroot; a thickened root-stock. See
Illust. of Tuberous.
(b) A genus of fungi. See Truffle.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A tuberosity; a tubercle.

TUBERCLE
Tu"ber*cle, n. Etym: [L. tuberculum, dim. of tuber: cf. F. tubercule,
OF. also tubercle. See Tuber.]

1. A small knoblike prominence or excrescence, whether natural or
morbid; as, a tubercle on a plant; a tubercle on a bone; the
tubercles appearing on the body in leprosy.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A small mass or aggregation of morbid matter; especially, the
deposit which accompanies scrofula or phthisis. This is composed of a
hard, grayish, or yellowish, translucent or opaque matter, which
gradually softens, and excites suppuration in its vicinity. It is
most frequently found in the lungs, causing consumption. Tubercle
bacillus (Med.), a minute vegetable organism (Bacillus tuberculosis)
discovered by Koch, a German physician, in the sputum of consumptive
patients and in tuberculous tissue, and believed to be the exciting
cause of tubercles and tuberculosis.

TUBERCLED
Tu"ber*cled, a.

Defn: Having tubercles; affected with, tubercles; tuberculate; as, a
tubercled lung or stalk.

TUBERCULAR
Tu*ber"cu*lar, a.

1. Having tubercles; affected with tubercles; tubercled; tuberculate.

2. Like a tubercle; as, a tubercular excrescence.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Characterized by the development of tubercles; as, tubercular
diathesis.

TUBERCULARIZE
Tu*ber"cu*lar*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. -ized; p. pr. & vb. n. i-
zing.] [Tubercular + -ize.] (Med.)

Defn: To infect with tuberculosis. --Tu*ber`cu*lar*i*za"tion (#), n.

TUBERCULATE; TUBERCULATED
Tu*ber"cu*late, Tu*ber"cu*la`ted, a. Etym: [NL. tuberculatus: cf. F.
tuberculé.]

Defn: Tubercled; tubercular.

TUBERCULIN
Tu*ber"cu*lin, n. Etym: [See Tubercle.]

Defn: A fluid containing the products formed by the growth of the
tubercle bacillus in a suitable culture medium.

TUBERCULIN TEST
Tu*ber"cu*lin test.

Defn: The hypodermic injection of tuberculin, which has little or no
effect with healthy cattle, but causes a marked rise in temperature
in tuberculous animals.

TUBERCULIZATION
Tu*ber`cu*li*za"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: The development of tubercles; the condition of one who is
affected with tubercles.

TUBERCULOCIDIN
Tu*ber"cu*lo*ci`din, n. [Tuberculum + root of L. caedere to kill.]
(Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A special substance contained in tuberculin, supposed to be the
active agent of the latter freed from various impurities.

TUBERCULOID
Tu*ber"cu*loid, a. [Tuberculum + -oid.] (Med.)

Defn: Resembling a tubercle.

TUBERCULOSE; TUBERCULOUS
Tu*ber"cu*lose`, Tu*ber"cu*lous, a.

Defn: Having tubercles; affected with, or characterized by,
tubercles; tubercular.

TUBERCULOSED
Tu*ber"cu*losed`, a. (Med.)

Defn: Affected with tuberculosis.

TUBERCULOSIS
Tu*ber`cu*lo"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Tubercle.] (Med.)

Defn: A constitutional disease characterized by the production of
tubercles in the internal organs, and especially in the lungs, where
it constitutes the most common variety of pulmonary consumption.

TUBERCULUM
Tu*ber"cu*lum, n.; pl. Tubercula. Etym: [L., dim. of tuber a
swelling.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tubercle.

TUBERIFEROUS
Tu`ber*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Tuber + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing or bearing tubers.

TUBEROSE
Tube"rose`, n. Etym: [Cf. G. tuberose, F. tubéreuse, NL. Polianthes
tuberosa. See Tuberous.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Polianthes tuberosa) with a tuberous root and a
liliaceous flower. It is much cultivated for its beautiful and
fragrant white blossoms.

TUBEROSE
Tu"ber*ose`, a.

Defn: Tuberous.

TUBEROSITY
Tu`ber*os"i*ty, n.; pl. Tuberosities. Etym: [Cf. F. tubérosité.]

1. The state of being tuberous.

2. An obtuse or knoblike prominence; a protuberance.

TUBEROUS
Tu"ber*ous, a. Etym: [L. tuberosus: cf. F. tubéreux. See Tuber, and
cf. also Tuberose.]

1. Covered with knobby or wartlike prominences; knobbed.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Consisting of, or bearing, tubers; resembling a tuber.
 -- Tu"ber*ous*ness, n.

TUBE-SHELL
Tube"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bivalve mollusk which secretes a shelly tube around its
siphon, as the watering-shell.

TUBEWORM
Tube"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any annelid which constructs a tube; one of the Tubicolæ.

TUBFISH
Tub"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sapphirine gurnard (Trigla hirundo). See Illust. under
Gurnard. [Prov. Eng.]

TUBFUL
Tub"ful, n.; pl. Tubfuls (.

Defn: As much as a tub will hold; enough to fill a tub.

TUBICINATE
Tu*bic"i*nate, v. i. Etym: [L. tubicen trumpeter.]

Defn: To blow a trumpet.

TUBICOLAE
Tu*bic"o*læ, n. pl. Etym: [L. tubus a tube + colere to inhabit.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of annelids including those which construct, and
habitually live in, tubes. The head or anterior segments usually bear
gills and cirri. Called also Sedentaria, and Capitibranchiata. See
Serpula, and Sabella.

TUBICOLAR
Tu*bic"o*lar, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Tubicolous.

TUBICOLE
Tu"bi*cole, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Tubicolæ.

TUBICOLOUS
Tu*bic"o*lous, a. Etym: [See Tubicolæ.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Inhabiting a tube; as, tubicolous worms.

TUBICORN
Tu"bi*corn, n. Etym: [L. tubus tube + cornu horn: cf. F. tubicorne.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any ruminant having horns composed of a bony axis covered with
a horny sheath; a hollow-horned ruminant.

TUBICORNOUS
Tu"bi*corn`ous, a.

Defn: Having hollow horns.

TUBIFORM
Tu"bi*form, a.

Defn: Having the form of a tube; tubeform. "Tubiform cells."
Carpenter.

TUBINARES
Tu`bi*na"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. tubus tube + nares the
nostrils.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of sea birds comprising the petrels, shearwaters,
albatrosses, hagdons, and allied birds having tubular horny nostrils.

TUBING
Tub"ing, n.

1. The act of making tubes.

2. A series of tubes; tubes, collectively; a length or piece of a
tube; material for tubes; as, leather tubing.

TUBIPORA
Tu*bip"o*ra, n. Etym: [NL., from L. tubus tube + porus passage,
pore.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of halcyonoids in which the skeleton, or coral (called
organ-pipe coral), consists of a mass of parallel cylindrical tubes
united at intervals by transverse plates. These corals are usually
red or purple and form large masses. They are natives of the tropical
parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

TUBIPORE
Tu"bi*pore, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tubipore.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of the genus Tubipora.

TUBIPORITE
Tu"bi*po*rite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: Any fossil coral of the genus Syringopora consisting of a
cluster of upright tubes united together by small transverse tubules.

TUBIVALVE
Tu"bi*valve, n. Etym: [See Tube, Valve.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shell or tube formed by an annelid, as a serpula.

TUBMAN
Tub"man, n.; pl. Tubmen (. (Eng. Law)

Defn: One of the two most experienced barristers in the Court of
Exchequer. Cf. Postman, 2.

TUBULAR
Tu"bu*lar, a. Etym: [L. tubulus, dim. of tubus a tube, or pipe. See
Tube.]

Defn: Having the form of a tube, or pipe; consisting of a pipe;
fistular; as, a tubular snout; a tubular calyx. Also, containing, or
provided with, tubes. Tubular boiler. See under Boiler.
 -- Tubular breathing (Med.), a variety of respiratory sound, heard
on auscultation over the lungs in certain cases of disease,
resembling that produced by the air passing through the trachea.
 -- Tubular bridge, a bridge in the form of a hollow trunk or tube,
made of iron plates riveted together, as the Victoria bridge over the
St. Lawrence, at Montreal, Canada, and the Britannia bridge over the
Menai Straits.
 -- Tubular girder, a plate girder having two or more vertical webs
with a space between them.

TUBULARIA
Tu`bu*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of hydroids having large, naked, flowerlike hydranths
at the summits of long, slender, usually simple, stems. The
gonophores are small, and form clusters at the bases of the outer
tentacles.

TUBULARIAE
Tu`bu*la"ri*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Tubularida.

TUBULARIAN
Tu`bu*la"ri*an, n. (Zool.)

Defn: Any hydroid belonging to the suborder Tubularida.

Note: These hydroids usually form tufts of delicate tubes, and both
gonophores and hydranths are naked. The gonophores of many of the
species become free jellyfishes; those of other species remain
permanently attached as medusoid buds or sporosacs. See Illust. under
Gonosome, and Cymnoblastea.

TUBULARIAN
Tu`bu*la"ri*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tubularians.

TUBULARIDA
Tu"bu*lar`i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division of Hydroidea; the tubularians; -- called
also Athecata, Gymnoblastea, and Tubulariæ.

TUBULATE
Tu"bu*late, a. Etym: [L. tubulatus. See Tubular.]

Defn: Tubular; tubulated; tubulous.

TUBULATED
Tu"bu*la`ted, a.

Defn: Made in the form of a small tube; provided with a tube, or
elongated opening. Tubulated bottle or retort (Chem.), a bottle or
retort having a stoppered opening for the introduction or removal of
materials.

TUBULATION
Tu`bu*la"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The act of shaping or making a tube, or of providing with a
tube; also, a tube or tubulure; as, the tubulation of a retort.

TUBULATURE
Tu"bu*la`ture, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A tubulure.

TUBULE
Tu"bule, n. Etym: [F. tubule, or L. tubulus, dim. of tubus a tube, a
pipe.]

1. A small pipe or fistular body; a little tube.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A minute tube lined with glandular epithelium; as, the
uriniferous tubules of the kidney.

TUBULIBRANCHIAN
Tu`bu*li*bran"chi*an, n. (Zool.)

Defn: One of the Tubulibranchiata.

TUBULIBRANCHIATA
Tu`bu*li*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. tubulus a little
tube + branchia a gill.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of gastropod mollusks having a tubular shell. Vermetus
is an example.

TUBULICOLE
Tu"bu*li*cole`, n. Etym: [L. tubulus little tube + colere to
inhabit.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any hydroid which has tubular chitinous stems.

TUBULIDENTATE
Tu`bu*li*den"tate, a. Etym: [Tubule + dentate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having teeth traversed by canals; -- said of certain edentates.

TUBULIFORM
Tu"bu*li*form`, a. Etym: [Cf. F. tubuliforme.]

Defn: Having the form of a small tube.

TUBULIPORE
Tu"bu*li*pore", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of Bryozoa belonging to Tubulipora
and allied genera, having tubular calcareous calicles.

TUBULOSE; TUBULOUS
Tu"bu*lose`, Tu"bu*lous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. tubuleux. See Tubule.]

1. Resembling, or in the form of, a tube; longitudinally hollow;
specifically (Bot.), having a hollow cylindrical corolla, often
expanded or toothed at the border; as, a tubulose flower.

2. Containing, or consisting of, small tubes; specifically (Bot.),
composed wholly of tubulous florets; as, a tubulous compound flower.
Tubulous boiler, a steam boiler composed chiefly of tubes containing
water and surrounded by flame and hot gases; -- sometimes
distinguished from tubular boiler.

TUBULURE
Tu"bu*lure, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tubulure.] (Chem.)

Defn: A short tubular opening at the top of a retort, or at the top
or side of a bottle; a tubulation.

TUCAN
Tu*can", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Mexican pocket gopher (Geomys Mexicanus). It resembles the
common pocket gopher of the Western United States, but is larger.
Called also tugan, and tuza.

TUCET
Tu"cet, n.

Defn: See Tucket, a steak. [Obs.]

TUCH
Tuch, n. Etym: [See Touchstone.]

Defn: A dark-colored kind of marble; touchstone. [Obs.] Sir J.
Harrington.

TUCK
Tuck, n. Etym: [F. estoc; cf. It. stocco; both of German origin, and
akin to E. stock. See Stock.]

Defn: A long, narrow sword; a rapier. [Obs.] Shak.
He wore large hose, and a tuck, as it was then called, or rapier, of
tremendous length. Sir W. Scot.

TUCK
Tuck, n. Etym: [Cf. Tocsin.]

Defn: The beat of a drum. Scot.

TUCK
Tuck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tucked; p. pr. & vb. n. Tucking.] Etym:
[OE. tukken, LG. tukken to pull up, tuck up, entice; akin to OD.
tocken to entice, G. zucken to draw with a short and quick motion,
and E. tug. See Tug.]

1. To draw up; to shorten; to fold under; to press into a narrower
compass; as, to tuck the bedclothes in; to tuck up one's sleeves.

2. To make a tuck or tucks in; as, to tuck a dress.

3. To inclose; to put within; to press into a close place; as, to
tuck a child into a bed; to tuck a book under one's arm, or into a
pocket.

4. Etym: [Perhaps originally, to strike, beat: cf. F. toquer to
touch. Cf. Tocsin.]

Defn: To full, as cloth. [Prov. Eng.]

TUCK
Tuck, v. i.

Defn: To contract; to draw together. [Obs.]

TUCK
Tuck, n.

1. A horizontal sewed fold, such as is made in a garment, to shorten
it; a plait.

2. A small net used for taking fish from a larger one; -- called also
tuck-net.

3. A pull; a lugging. [Obs.] See Tug. Life of A. Wood.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: The part of a vessel where the ends of the bottom planks meet
under the stern.

5. Food; pastry; sweetmeats. [Slang] T. Hughes.

TUCKAHOE
Tuck"a*hoe, n. Etym: [North American Indian, bread.] (Bot.)

Defn: A curious vegetable production of the Southern Atlantic United
States, growing under ground like a truffle and often attaining
immense size. The real nature is unknown. Called also Indian bread,
and Indian loaf.

TUCKER
Tuck"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, tucks; specifically, an instrument with
which tuck are made.

2. A narrow piece of linen or the like, folded across the breast, or
attached to the gown at the neck, forming a part of a woman's dress
in the 17th century and later.

3. Etym: [See Tuck, v. t., 4.]

Defn: A fuller. [Prov. Eng.]

TUCKER
Tuck"er, v. t.

Defn: To tire; to weary; -- usually with out. [Colloq. U. S.]

TUCKET
Tuck"et, n. Etym: [It toccata a prelude, fr. toccare to touch. See
Toccata, Touch.]

Defn: A slight flourish on a trumpet; a fanfare. [Obs.] Tucket
sonance, the sound of the tucket. [Obs.]
Let the trumpets sound The tucket sonance and the note to mount.
Shak.

TUCKET
Tuck"et, n. Etym: [Cf. It. tocchetto a ragout of fish, meat, fr.
tocco a bit, morsel, LL. tucetum, tuccetum, a thick gravy.]

Defn: A steak; a collop. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

TUCK-NET
Tuck"-net`, n.

Defn: See Tuck, n., 2.

TUCK POINTING
Tuck pointing. (Masonry)

Defn: The finishing of joints along the center lines with a narrow
ridge of putty or fine lime mortar.

TUCUM
Tu"cum, n. Etym: [So called by the Indians of Brazil.]

Defn: A fine, strong fiber obtained from the young leaves of a
Brazilian palm (Astrocaryum vulgare), used for cordage, bowstrings,
etc.; also, the plant yielding this fiber. Called also tecum, and
tecum fiber.

TUCUMA
Tu*cu"ma, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A Brazilian palm (Astrocaryum Tucuma) which furnishes an edible
fruit.

TUDOR
Tu"dor, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a royal line of England, descended from
Owen Tudor of Wales, who married the widowed queen of Henry V. The
first reigning Tudor was Henry VII.; the last, Elizabeth. Tudor style
(Arch.), the latest development of Gothic architecture in England,
under the Tudors, characterized by flat four-centered arches, shallow
moldings, and a profusion of paneling on the walls.

TUE
Tu"e, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The parson bird.

TUEFALL
Tue"fall, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See To-fall. [Eng.]

TUE-IRON
Tue"-i`ron, n.

Defn: See Tuyère.

TUE-IRONS
Tue"-i`rons, n. pl.

Defn: A pair of blacksmith's tongs.

TUESDAY
Tues"day, n. Etym: [OE. Tewesday, AS. Tiwes dæg the day of Tiw the
god of war; akin to OHG. Zio, Icel. T, L. Jupiter, Gr. Ziostac
Tuesday, G. Dienstag, Icel. T. See Deity, Day, and cf. Jovial.]

Defn: The third day of the week, following Monday and preceding
Wednesday.

TUET
Tu"et, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lapwing. [Prov. Eng.]

TUFA
Tu"fa, Etym: [It. fufo soft, sandy stone, L. tofus, tophus. Cf.
Tofus, Toph, and Tophin.] (Min.)
(a) A soft or porous stone formed by depositions from water, usually
calcareous; -- called also calcareous tufa.
(b) A friable volcanic rock or conglomerate, formed of consolidated
cinders, or scoria.

TUFACEOUS
Tu*fa"ceous, a. Etym: [Cf. It. tufaceo, L. tofaceus, tofacius. See
Tufa.] (Min.)

Defn: Pertaining to tufa; consisting of, or resembling, tufa.

TUFF
Tuff, n. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Tufa.

TUFFOON
Tuf*foon", n.

Defn: See Typhoon. [R.]

TUFT
Tuft, n. Etym: [Prov. E. tuff, F. touffe; of German origin; cf. G.
zopf a weft of hair, pigtail, top of a tree. See Top summit.]

1. A collection of small, flexible, or soft things in a knot or
bunch; a waving or bending and spreading cluster; as, a tuft of
flowers or feathers.

2. A cluster; a clump; as, a tuft of plants.
Under a tuft of shade. Milton.
Green lake, and cedar fuft, and spicy glade. Keble.

3. A nobleman, or person of quality, especially in the English
universities; -- so called from the tuft, or gold tassel, on the cap
worn by them. [Cant, Eng.]
Several young tufts, and others of the faster men. T. Hughes.

TUFT
Tuft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tufted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tufting.]

1. To separate into tufts.

2. To adorn with tufts or with a tuft. Thomson.

TUFT
Tuft, v. i.

Defn: To grow in, or form, a tuft or tufts.

TUF-TAFFETA
Tuf-taf"fe*ta, n.

Defn: A silk fabric formerly in use, having a nap or pile. [Written
also tuft-taffeta.]

TUFTED
Tuft"ed, a.

1. Adorned with a tuft; as, the tufted duck.

2. Growing in tufts or clusters; tufty.
The tufted crowtoe, and pale jessamine. Milton.
Tufted trees and springing corn. Pope.
Tufted duck (Zoöl.), the ring-necked duck. [Local, U.S.]

TUFTHUNTER
Tuft"hunt`er, n.

Defn: A hanger-on to noblemen, or persons of quality, especially in
English universities; a toady. See 1st Tuft, 3. [Cant, Eng.]
Halliwell.

TUFTHUNTING
Tuft"hunt`ing, n.

Defn: The practice of seeking after, and hanging on, noblemen, or
persons of quality, especially in English universities. [Cant, Eng.]

TUFTY
Tuft"y, a.

1. Abounding with tufts.
Both in the tufty frith and in the mossy fell. Drayton.

2. Growing in tufts or clusters.
Where tufty daisies nod at every gale. W. Browne.

TUG
Tug, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tugged; p. pr. & vb. n. Tugging.] Etym: [OE.
toggen; akin to OD. tocken to entice, G. zucken to jerk, draw, Icel.
toga to draw, AS. téon, p. p. togen, to draw, G. ziehen, OHG. ziohan,
Goth. tiuhan, L. ducere to lead, draw. Cf. Duke, Team, Tie, v. t.,
Touch, Tow, v. t., Tuck to press in, Toy a plaything.]

1. To pull or draw with great effort; to draw along with continued
exertion; to haul along; to tow; as, to tug a loaded cart; to tug a
ship into port.
There sweat, there strain, tug the laborious oar. Roscommon.

2. To pull; to pluck. [Obs.]
To ease the pain, His tugged cars suffered with a strain. Hudibras.

TUG
Tug, v. i.

1. To pull with great effort; to strain in labor; as, to tug at the
oar; to tug against the stream.
He tugged, he shook, till down they came. Milton.

2. To labor; to strive; to struggle.
England now is left To tug and scamble and to part by the teeth The
unowed interest of proud-swelling state. Shak.

TUG
Tug, n.

1. A pull with the utmost effort, as in the athletic contest called
tug of war; a supreme effort.
At the tug he falls, Vast ruins come along, rent from the smoking
walls. Dryden.

2. A sort of vehicle, used for conveying timber and heavy articles.
[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A small, powerful steamboat used to tow vessels; -- called also
steam tug, tugboat, and towboat.

4. A trace, or drawing strap, of a harness.

5. (Mining.)

Defn: An iron hook of a hoisting tub, to which a tackle is affixed.
Tug iron, an iron hook or button to which a tug or trace may be
attached, as on the shaft of a wagon.

TUGAN
Tu*gan", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Tucan.

TUGBOAT
Tug"boat`, n.

Defn: See Tug, n., 3.

TUGGER
Tug"ger, n.

Defn: One who tugs.

TUGGINGLY
Tug"ging*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tugging manner; with laborious pulling.

TUILLE
Tuille, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tuile a tile.]

Defn: In plate armor, a suspended plate in from of the thigh. See
Illust. of Tasses.

TUITION
Tu*i"tion, n. Etym: [L. tuitio protection, guarding, from tueri, p.
p. tuitus, to see, watch, protect: cf. F. tuition. Cf. Tutor.]

1. Superintending care over a young person; the particular watch and
care of a tutor or guardian over his pupil or ward; guardianship.

2. Especially, the act, art, or business of teaching; instruction;
as, children are sent to school for tuition; his tuition was
thorough.

3. The money paid for instruction; the price or payment for
instruction.

TUITIONARY
Tu*i"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to tuition.

TUKO-TUKO
Tu"ko-tu*ko, n. Etym: [From the native name .] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A burrowing South American rodent (Ctenomys Braziliensis). It
has small eyes and ears and a short tail. It resembles the pocket
gopher in size, form, and habits, but is more nearly allied to the
porcupines. [Written also tucu-tuco.]

TULA METAL
Tu"la met`al.

Defn: An alloy of silver, copper, and lead made at Tula in Russia.
[Written also toola metal.]

TULE
Tu"le, n. Etym: [Mex.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large bulrush (Scirpus lacustris, and S. Tatora) growing
abundantly on overflowed land in California and elsewhere.

TULIP
Tu"lip, n. Etym: [F. tulipe, OF. also tulipan, It. tulipano, tulipa,
from Turk. tulbend, dulbend, literally, a turban, Per. dulband; -- so
called from the resemblance of the form of this flower to a turban.
See Turban.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the liliaceous genus Tulipa. Many varieties are
cultivated for their beautiful, often variegated flowers. Tulip tree.
(a) A large American tree bearing tuliplike flowers. See
Liriodendron. (b) A West Indian malvaceous tree (Paritium, or
Hibiscus, tiliaceum).

TULIP-EARED
Tu"lip-eared`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having erect, pointed ears; prick-eared; -- said of certain
dogs.

TULIPIST
Tu"lip*ist, n.

Defn: A person who is especially devoted to the cultivation of
tulips. Sir T. Browne.

TULIPOMANIA
Tu`lip*o*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Tulip + mania.]

Defn: A violent passion for the acquisition or cultivation of tulips;
-- a word said by Beckman to have been coined by Menage.

Note: In Holland, in the first half of the 17th century, the
cultivation of tulips became a mania. It began about the year 1634,
and, like a violent epidemic, seized upon all classes of the
community, leading to disasters and misery such as the records of
commerce or of bankruptcies can scarcely parallel. In 1636, tulip
marts had been established in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Haarlem, Leyden,
and various other towns, where tulip bulbs were sold and resold in
the same manner as stocks are on the Stock Exchange of London. Baird.

TULIPOMANIAC
Tu`lip*o*ma"ni*ac, n.

Defn: One who is affected with tulipomania.

TULIP-SHELL
Tu"lip-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, handsomely colored, marine univalve shell (Fasciolaria
tulipa) native of the Southern United States. The name is sometimes
applied also to other species of Fasciolaria.

TULIPWOOD
Tu"lip*wood`, n.

Defn: The beautiful rose-colored striped wood of a Brazilian tree
(Physocalymna floribunda), much used by cabinetmakers for inlaying.
Queensland tulipwood, the variegated wood of an Australian
sapindaceous tree (Harpullia pendula). J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).

TULL
Tull, v. t. Etym: [OE. tullen. See Tole.]

Defn: To allure; to tole. [Obs.]
With empty hands men may no hawkes tull. Chaucer.

TULLE
Tulle, n. Etym: [F.; -- so called from the town of Tulle, in France.]

Defn: A kind of silk lace or light netting, used for veils, etc.

TULLIAN
Tul"li*an, a. Etym: [L. Tullianus, from Tullius, the name of a Roman
gens.]

Defn: Belonging to, or in the style of, Tully (Marcus Tullius
Cicero).

TULLIBEE
Tul"li*bee, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A whitefish (Coregonus tullibee) found in the Great Lakes of
North America; -- called also mongrel whitefish.

TUMBLE
Tum"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tumbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tumbling.]
Etym: [OE. tumblen, AS. tumbian to turn heels over head, to dance
violently; akin to D. tuimelen to fall, Sw. tumla, Dan. tumle, Icel.
tumba; and cf. G. taumeln to reel, to stagger.]

1. To roll over, or to and fro; to throw one's self about; as, a
person on pain tumbles and tosses.

2. To roll down; to fall suddenly and violently; to be precipitated;
as, to tumble from a scaffold.
He who tumbles from a tower surely has a greater blow than he who
slides from a molehill. South.

3. To play tricks by various movements and contortions of the body;
to perform the feats of an acrobat. Rowe. To tumble home (Naut.), to
incline inward, as the sides of a vessel, above the bends or extreme
breadth; -- used esp. in the phrase tumbling home. Cf. Wall-sided.

TUMBLE
Tum"ble, v. t.

1. To turn over; to turn or throw about, as for examination or
search; to roll or move in a rough, coarse, or unceremonious manner;
to throw down or headlong; to precipitate; -- sometimes with over,
about, etc.; as, to tumble books or papers.

2. To disturb; to rumple; as, to tumble a bed.

TUMBLE
Tum"ble, n.

Defn: Act of tumbling, or rolling over; a fall.

TUMBLEBUG
Tum"ble*bug`, n.

Defn: See Tumbledung.

TUMBLE-DOWN
Tum"ble-down`, a.

Defn: Ready to fall; dilapidated; ruinous; as, a tumble-down house.
[Colloq.]

TUMBLEDUNG
Tum"ble*dung`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of scaraboid beetles belonging to
Scarabæus, Copris, Phanæus, and allied genera. The female lays her
eggs in a globular mass of dung which she rolls by means of her hind
legs to a burrow excavated in the earth in which she buries it.

TUMBLER
Tum"bler, n.

1. One who tumbles; one who plays tricks by various motions of the
body; an acrobat.

2. A movable obstruction in a lock, consisting of a lever, latch,
wheel, slide, or the like, which must be adjusted to a particular
position by a key or other means before the bolt can be thrown in
locking or unlocking.

3. (Firearms)

Defn: A piece attached to, or forming part of, the hammer of a
gunlock, upon which the mainspring acts and in which are the notches
for sear point to enter.

4. A drinking glass, without a foot or stem; -- so called because
originally it had a pointed or convex base, and could not be set down
with any liquor in it, thus compelling the drinker to finish his
measure.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of the domestic pigeon remarkable for its habit of
tumbling, or turning somersaults, during its flight.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A breed of dogs that tumble when pursuing game. They were
formerly used in hunting rabbits.

7. A kind of cart; a tumbrel. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

TUMBLERFUL
Tum"bler*ful, n.; pl. Tumblerfuls (.

Defn: As much as a tumbler will hold; enough to fill a tumbler.

TUMBLEWEED
Tum"ble*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant which habitually breaks away from its roots in the
autumn, and is driven by the wind, as a light, rolling mass, over the
fields and prairies; as witch grass, wild indigo, Amarantus albus,
etc.

TUMBLING
Tum"bling,

Defn: a. & vb. n. from Tumble, v. Tumbling barrel. Same as Rumble,
n., 4.
 -- Tumbling bay, an overfall, or weir, in a canal.

TUMBREL; TUMBRIL
Tum"brel, Tum"bril n. Etym: [OF. tomberel, F. tombereau, fr. tomber
to fall, to tumble; of Teutonic origin. Cf. Tumble.]

1. A cucking stool for the punishment of scolds.

2. A rough cart. Tusser. Tatler.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A cart or carriage with two wheels, which accompanies troops or
artillery, to convey the tools of pioneers, cartridges, and the like.

4. A kind of basket or cage of osiers, willows, or the like, to hold
hay and other food for sheep. [Eng.]

TUMEFACIENT
Tu`me*fa"cient, a. [L. tumefaciens, -entis, p. pr. of tumefacere to
tumefy; tumere to swell + facere to make.]

Defn: Producing swelling; tumefying.

TUMEFACTION
Tu`me*fac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tuméfaction.]

Defn: The act or process of tumefying, swelling, or rising into a
tumor; a swelling. Arbuthnot.

TUMEFY
Tu"me*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tumefied; p. pr. & vb. n. Tumefying.]
Etym: [F. tuméfier, fr. L. tumere to swell + -ficare (in comp.) to
make; cf. L. tumefacere to tumefy. See Tumid, and -fy.]

Defn: To swell; to cause to swell, or puff up.
To swell, tumefy, stiffen, not the diction only, but the tenor of the
thought. De Quincey.

TUMEFY
Tu"me*fy, v. i.

Defn: To rise in a tumor; to swell.

TUMESCENCE
Tu*mes"cence, n. [L. tumescens, -entis, p.pr. of tumescere to swell
up, v. incho. fr. tumere to swell.]

Defn: The act of becoming tumid; the state of being swollen;
intumescence.

TUMESCENT
Tu*mes"cent, a.

Defn: Slightly tumid; swollen, as certain moss capsules.

TUMID
Tu"mid, a. Etym: [L. tumidus, fr. tumere to swell; cf. Skr. tumra
strong, fat. Cf. Thumb.]

1. Swelled, enlarged, or distended; as, a tumid leg; tumid flesh.

2. Rising above the level; protuberant.
So high as heaved the tumid hills. Milton.

3. Swelling in sound or sense; pompous; puffy; inflated; bombastic;
falsely sublime; turgid; as, a tumid expression; a tumid style.
 -- Tu"mid*ly, adv.
 -- Tu"mid*ness, n.

TUMIDITY
Tu*mid"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tumid.

TUMMALS
Tum"mals, n. (Mining)

Defn: A great quantity or heap. Weale.

TUMOR
Tu"mor, n. Etym: [L., fr. tumere to swell: cf. F. tumeúr. See Tumid.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid swelling, prominence, or growth, on any part of the
body; especially, a growth produced by deposition of new tissue; a
neoplasm.

2. Affected pomp; bombast; swelling words or expressions; false
magnificence or sublimity. [R.]
Better, however, to be a flippant, than, by a revolting form of tumor
and perplexity, to lead men into habits of intellect such as result
from the modern vice of English style. De Quincey.
Encysted tumor, a tumor which is inclosed in a membrane called a
cyst, connected with the surrounding parts by the neighboring
cellular substance.
 -- Fatty tumor. See under Fatty.
 -- Innocent tumor, or Benign tumor, one which does not of itself
threaten life, and does not usually tend to recur after extirpation.
 -- Malignant tumor, a tumor which tends continually to spread, to
become generalized in different parts of the body, and to recur after
extirpation, and which, if left to itself, causes death.

TUMORED
Tu"mored, a.

Defn: Distended; swelled. [R.] "His tumored breast." R. Junius.

TUMOROUS
Tu"mor*ous, a. Etym: [L. tumorosus inflated.]

1. Swelling; protuberant. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

2. Inflated; bombastic. [R.] B. Jonson.

TUMP
Tump, n. Etym: [W. twmp, twm, a round mass or heap, a hillock.]

Defn: A little hillock; a knoll. Ainsworth.

TUMP
Tump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Tumping.]

1. To form a mass of earth or a hillock about; as, to tump teasel.

2. To draw or drag, as a deer or other animal after it has been
killed. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

TUMPLINE
Tump"line`, n.

Defn: A strap placed across a man's forehead to assist him in
carrying a pack on his back. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

TUM-TUM
Tum"-tum`, n.

Defn: A dish made in the West Indies by beating boiled plantain quite
soft in a wooden mortar.

TUMULAR
Tu"mu*lar, a. Etym: [L. tumulus a mound: cf. F. tumulaire. See
Tumulus.]

Defn: Consisting in a heap; formed or being in a heap or hillock.
Pinkerton.

TUMULATE
Tu"mu*late, v. t. Etym: [L. tumulatus, p. p. of tumulare to tumulate.
See Tumulus.]

Defn: To cover, as a corpse, with a mound or tomb; to bury. [Obs.]

TUMULATE
Tu"mu*late, v. i.

Defn: To swell. [Obs.] Wilkins.

TUMULOSE
Tu"mu*lose`, a.

Defn: Tumulous. [R.] Bailey.

TUMULOSITY
Tu`mu*los"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tumulous; hilliness. [R.] Bailey.

TUMULOUS
Tu"mu*lous, a. Etym: [L. tumulosus, fr. tumulus a mound.]

Defn: Full of small hills or mounds; hilly; tumulose. [R.] Bailey.

TUMULT
Tu"mult, n. Etym: [L.tumultus; probably akin to Skr. tumula noise,
noisy, and perhaps to L. tumere to swell, E. tumid: cf. F. tumulte.]

1. The commotion or agitation of a multitude, usually accompanied
with great noise, uproar, and confusion of voices; hurly-burly; noisy
confusion.
What meaneth the noise of this tumult 1 Sam. iv. 14.
Till in loud tumult all the Greeks arose. Pope.

2. Violent commotion or agitation, with confusion of sounds; as, the
tumult of the elements. Addison.

3. Irregular or confused motion; agitation; high excitement; as, the
tumult of the spirits or passions.

Syn.
 -- Uproar; ferment; disturbance; turbulence; disorder; confusion;
noise; bluster; hubbub; bustle; stir; brawl; riot.

TUMULT
Tu"mult, v. i.

Defn: To make a tumult; to be in great commotion. [Obs.]
Importuning and tumulting even to the fear of a revolt. Milton.

TUMULTER
Tu"mult*er, n.

Defn: A maker of tumults. [Obs.]
He severely punished the tumulters. Milton.

TUMULTUARILY
Tu*mul"tu*a*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tumultuary manner.

TUMULTUARINESS
Tu*mul"tu*a*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tumultuary.

TUMULTUARY
Tu*mul"tu*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. tumultuarius: cf. F. tumultuaire.]

1. Attended by, or producing, a tumult; disorderly; promiscuous;
confused; tumultuous. "A tumultuary conflict." Eikon Basilike.
A tumultuary attack of the Celtic peasantry. Macaulay.
Sudden flight or tumultuary skirmish. De Quincey.

2. Restless; agitated; unquiet.
Men who live without religion live always in a tumultuary and
restless state. Atterbury.

TUMULTUATE
Tu*mul"tu*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. tumultuatus, p. p. of tumultuari to
make a tumult.]

Defn: To make a tumult. [Obs.] "He will murmur and tumultuate."
South.

TUMULTUATION
Tu*mul`tu*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. tumultuatio.]

Defn: Irregular or disorderly movement; commotion; as, the
tumultuation of the parts of a fluid. [Obs.] Boyle.

TUMULTUOUS
Tu*mul"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. tumultuosus: cf. F. tumultueux.]

1. Full of tumult; characterized by tumult; disorderly; turbulent.
The flight became wild and tumultuous. Macaulay.

2. Conducted with disorder; noisy; confused; boisterous; disorderly;
as, a tumultuous assembly or meeting.

3. Agitated, as with conflicting passions; disturbed.
His dire attempt, which, nigh the birth Now rolling, boils in his
tumultuous breast. Milton.

4. Turbulent; violent; as, a tumultuous speech.

Syn.
 -- Disorderly; irregular; noisy; confused; turbulent; violent;
agitated; disturbed; boisterous; lawless; riotous; seditious.
 -- Tu*mul"tu*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Tu*mul"tu*ous*ness, n.

TUMULUS
Tu"mu*lus, n.; pl. Tumuli. Etym: [L., a mound, a sepulchral mound,
probably from tumere to swell. Cf. Tumid.]

Defn: An artificial hillock, especially one raised over a grave,
particularly over the graves of persons buried in ancient times; a
barrow.

TUN
Tun, n. Etym: [AS. tunne. See Ton a weight.]

1. A large cask; an oblong vessel bulging in the middle, like a pipe
or puncheon, and girt with hoops; a wine cask.

2. (Brewing)

Defn: A fermenting vat.

3. A certain measure for liquids, as for wine, equal to two pipes,
four hogsheads, or 252 gallons. In different countries, the tun
differs in quantity.

4. (Com.)

Defn: A weight of 2,240 pounds. See Ton. [R.]

5. An indefinite large quantity. Shak.
A tun of man in thy large bulk is writ. Dryden.

6. A drunkard; -- so called humorously, or in contempt.

7. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any shell belonging to Dolium and allied genera; -- called also
tun-shell.

TUN
Tun, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tunned; p. pr. & vb. n. Tunning.]

Defn: To put into tuns, or casks. Boyle.

TUNA
Tu"na, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The Opuntia Tuna. See Prickly pear, under Prickly.

TUNA
Tu"na, n. Etym: [Cf. Tunny.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The tunny.
(b) The bonito, 2.

TUNABLE
Tun"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being tuned, or made harmonious; hence, harmonious;
musical; tuneful.
 -- Tun"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Tun"a*bly, adv.
And tunable as sylvan pipe or song. Milton.

TUN-BELLIED
Tun"-bel`lied, a.

Defn: Having a large, protuberant belly, or one shaped like a tun;
pot-bellied.

TUN-DISH
Tun"-dish`, n.

Defn: A tunnel. [Obs.] Shak.

TUNDRA
Tun"dra, n. Etym: [Russ., from a native name.]

Defn: A rolling, marshy, mossy plain of Northern Siberia.

TUNE
Tune, n. Etym: [A variant of tone.]

1. A sound; a note; a tone. "The tune of your voices." Shak.

2. (Mus.)
(a) A rhythmical, melodious, symmetrical series of tones for one
voice or instrument, or for any number of voices or instruments in
unison, or two or more such series forming parts in harmony; a
melody; an air; as, a merry tune; a mournful tune; a slow tune; a
psalm tune. See Air.
(b) The state of giving the proper, sound or sounds; just intonation;
harmonious accordance; pitch of the voice or an instrument;
adjustment of the parts of an instrument so as to harmonize with
itself or with others; as, the piano, or the organ, is not in tune.
Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune and harsh. Shak.

3. Order; harmony; concord; fit disposition, temper, or humor; right
mood.
A child will learn three times as much when he is in tune, as when he
. . . is dragged unwillingly to [his task]. Locke.

TUNE
Tune, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tuned; p. pr. & vb. n. Tuning.]

1. To put into a state adapted to produce the proper sounds; to
harmonize, to cause to be in tune; to correct the tone of; as, to
tune a piano or a violin. " Tune your harps." Dryden.

2. To give tone to; to attune; to adapt in style of music; to make
harmonious.
For now to sorrow must I tune my song. Milton.

3. To sing with melody or harmony.
Fountains, and ye, that warble, as ye flow, Melodious murmurs,
warbling tune his praise. Milton.

4. To put into a proper state or disposition. Shak.

TUNE
Tune, v. i.

1. To form one sound to another; to form accordant musical sounds.
Whilst tuning to the water's fall, The small birds sang to her.
Drayton.

2. To utter inarticulate harmony with the voice; to sing without
pronouncing words; to hum. [R.]

TUNEFUL
Tune"ful, a.

Defn: Harmonious; melodious; musical; as, tuneful notes. " Tuneful
birds." Milton.
 -- Tune"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Tune"ful*ness, n.

TUNELESS
Tune"less, a.

1. Without tune; inharmonious; unmusical. " Thy tuneless serenade."
Cowley.
How often have I led thy sportive choir, With tuneless pipe, beside
the murmuring Loire! Goldsmith.

2. Not employed in making music; as, tuneless harps.

3. Not expressed in music or poetry; unsung. [R.]

TUNER
Tun"er, n.

Defn: One who tunes; especially, one whose occupation is to tune
musical instruments.

TUN-GREAT
Tun"-great`, a.

Defn: Having the circumference of a tun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TUNGSTATE
Tung"state, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tungstate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of tungstic acid; a wolframate.

TUNGSTEN
Tung"sten n. Etym: [Sw. tungsten (cf. Dan. tungsteen, G. tungstein);
tung heavy (akin to Dan. tung, Icel. þungr) + sten stone. See Stone.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A rare element of the chromium group found in certain minerals,
as wolfram and scheelite, and isolated as a heavy steel-gray metal
which is very hard and infusible. It has both acid and basic
properties. When alloyed in small quantities with steel, it greatly
increases its hardness. Symbol W (Wolframium). Atomic weight, 183.6.
Specific gravity, 18.

2 (Min.)

Defn: Scheelite, or calcium tungstate. [Obs.] Tungsten ocher, or
Tungstic ocher (Min.), tungstate.

TUNGSTENIC
Tung*sten"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to tungsten; containing tungsten; as,
tungstenic ores. [R.]

TUNGSTEN LAMP
Tung"sten lamp.

Defn: An electric glow lamp having filaments of metallic tungsten.
Such lamps, owing to the refractory nature of the metal, may be
maintained at a very high temperature and require an expenditure of
only about 1.25 watts per candle power.

TUNGSTEN STEEL
Tungsten steel. (Metal.)

Defn: A steel containing a small amount of tungsten, noted for
tenacity and hardness, even under a considerable degree of heat.
Magnets made of it are said to be highly permanent. It often contains
manganese.

TUNGSTIC
Tung"stic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to tungsten; derived from, or resembling,
tungsten; wolframic; as, tungstic oxide. Tungstic acid, an acid of
tungsten, H2WO4, analogous to sulphuric and chromic acids.

TUNGSTITE
Tung"stite, n. (Min.)

Defn: The oxide of tungsten, a yellow mineral occurring in a
pulverulent form. It is often associated with wolfram.

TUNGUSES
Tun*gus"es, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A group of roving Turanian tribes occupying Eastern Siberia and
the Amoor valley. They resemble the Mongols. [Written also
Tungooses.]

TUNGUSIC
Tun*gus"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Tunguses; as, the Tungusic dialects.

TUNHOOF
Tun"hoof`, n. Etym: [Cf. Aleboof.] (Bot.)

Defn: Ground ivy; alehoof.

TUNIC
Tu"nic, n. Etym: [L. tunica: cf. F.tunique.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An under-garment worn by the ancient Romans of both sexes. It
was made with or without sleeves, reached to or below the knees, and
was confined at the waist by a girdle.

2. Any similar garment worm by ancient or Oriental peoples; also, a
common name for various styles of loose-fitting under-garments and
over-garments worn in modern times by Europeans and others.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Same as Tunicle.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: A membrane, or layer of tissue, especially when enveloping an
organ or part, as the eye.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: A natural covering; an integument; as, the tunic of a seed.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Mantle, n., 3 (a).

TUNICARY
Tu"ni*ca*ry, n.; pl. Tunicaries. Etym: [L. tunica a tunic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Tunicata.

TUNICATA
Tu`ni*ca"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Tunicate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A grand division of the animal kingdom, intermediate, in some
respects, between the invertebrates and vertebrates, and by some
writers united with the latter. They were formerly classed with
acephalous mollusks. The body is usually covered with a firm external
tunic, consisting in part of cellulose, and having two openings, one
for the entrance and one for the exit of water. The pharynx is
usually dilated in the form of a sac, pierced by several series of
ciliated slits, and serves as a gill.

Note: Most of the species when mature are firmly attached to foreign
substances, but have free-swimming larvæ which are furnished with an
elongated tail and somewhat resemble a tadpole. In this state the
larva has a urochord and certain other structures resembling some
embryonic vertebrates. See Ascidian, Doliolum, Salpa, Urochord, and
Illust. of Social ascidian, under Social.

TUNICATE; TUNICATED
Tu"ni*cate, Tu"ni*ca`ted, a. Etym: [L. tunicatus, p. p. of tunicare
to clothe with a tunic, fr. tunica a tunic.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Covered with a tunic; covered or coated with layers; as, a
tunicated bulb.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) Having a tunic, or mantle; of or pertaining to the Tunicata.
(b) Having each joint buried in the preceding funnel-shaped one, as
in certain antennæ of insects.

TUNICATE
Tu"ni*cate, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Tunicata.

TUNICIN
Tu"ni*cin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Animal cellulose; a substance present in the mantle, or tunic,
of the Tunicates, which resembles, or is identical with, the
cellulose of the vegetable kingdom.

TUNICLE
Tu"ni*cle, n. Etym: [L. tunicula a little tunic, coat, or membrane,
dim. of tunica a tunic: cf. OF. tunicle.]

1. A slight natural covering; an integument.
The tunicles that make the ball or apple of the eye. Holland.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A short, close-fitting vestment worn by bishops under the
dalmatic, and by subdeacons.

TUNING
Tun"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Tune, v. Tuning fork (Mus.), a steel instrument
consisting of two prongs and a handle, which, being struck, gives a
certain fixed tone. It is used for tuning instruments, or for
ascertaining the pitch of tunes.

TUNK
Tunk, n.

Defn: A sharp blow; a thump. [Prov. Eng. or Colloq. U. S.]

TUNKER
Tun"ker, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: Same as Dunker.

TUNNAGE
Tun"nage (; 48), n. Etym: [From Tun; cf. Tonnage.]

Defn: See Tonnage.

TUNNEL
Tun"nel, n. . Etym: [F. tonnelle a semicircular, wagon-headed vault,
a tunnel net, an arbor, OF. also tonnel; dim. of tonne a tun; -- so
named from its resemblance to a tun in shape. See Ton.]

1. A vessel with a broad mouth at one end, a pipe or tube at the
other, for conveying liquor, fluids, etc., into casks, bottles, or
other vessels; a funnel.

2. The opening of a chimney for the passage of smoke; a flue; a
funnel.
And one great chimney, whose long tunnel thence The smoke forth
threw. Spenser.

3. An artificial passage or archway for conducting canals or
railroads under elevated ground, for the formation of roads under
rivers or canals, and the construction of sewers, drains, and the
like.

4. (Mining)

Defn: A level passage driven across the measures, or at right angles
to veins which it is desired to reach; -- distinguished from the
drift, or gangway, which is led along the vein when reached by the
tunnel. Tunnel head (Metal.), the top of a smelting furnace where the
materials are put in.
 -- Tunnel kiln, a limekiln in which coal is burned, as distinguished
from a flame kiln, in which wood or peat is used.
 -- Tunnel net, a net with a wide mouth at one end and narrow at the
other.
 -- Tunnel pit, Tunnel shaft, a pit or shaft sunk from the top of the
ground to the level of a tunnel, for drawing up the earth and stones,
for ventilation, lighting, and the like.

TUNNEL
Tun"nel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tunneled ( or Tunnelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Tunneling or Tunnelling.]

1. To form into a tunnel, or funnel, or to form like a tunnel; as, to
tunnel fibrous plants into nests. Derham.

2
2

Defn: To catch in a tunnel net.

3. To make an opening, or a passageway, through or under; as, to
tunnel a mountain; to tunnel a river.

TUNNEL STERN
Tun"nel stern.

Defn: A design of motor-boat stern, for  use in shallow waters, in
which the propeller is housed in a tunnel and does not extend below
the greatest draft.

TUNNY
Tun"ny, n.; pl. Tunnies. Etym: [L. thunnus, thynnus, Gr. tonno, F. &
Pr. thon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large oceanic fishes belonging to
the Mackerel family, especially the common or great tunny (Orcynus or
Albacora thynnus) native of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic
Ocean. It sometimes weighs a thousand pounds or more, and is
extensively caught in the Mediterranean. On the American coast it is
called horse mackerel. See Illust. of Horse mackerel, under Horse.
[Written also thynny.]

Note: The little tunny (Gymnosarda alletterata) of the Mediterranean
and North Atlantic, and the long-finned tunny, or albicore (see
Albicore), are related species of smaller size.

TUP
Tup, v. t. & i. Etym: [Probably akin to top summit, head.]

1. To butt, as a ram does. [Prov. Eng.]

2. To cover; -- said of a ram. Shak.

TUP
Tup, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A ram.

TUPAI
Tu*pai", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of the tupaiids.

TUPAIID
Tu*pai"id, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of East Indian and Asiatic
insectivores of the family Tupaiidæ, somewhat resembling squirrels in
size and arboreal habits. The nose is long and pointed.

TUPELO
Tu"pe*lo, n. Etym: [Tupelo, or tupebo, the native American Indian
name.] (Bot.)

Defn: A North American tree (Nyssa multiflora) of the Dogwood family,
having brilliant, glossy foliage and acid red berries. The wood is
crossgrained and very difficult to split. Called also black gum, sour
gum, and pepperidge. Largo tupelo, or Tupelo gum (Bot.), an American
tree (Nyssa uniflora) with softer wood than the tupelo.
 -- Sour tupelo (Bot.), the Ogeechee lime.

TUPI
Tu"pi, n.

Defn: An Indian of the tribe from which the Tupian stock takes its
name, dwelling, at the advent of the Portuguese, about the mouth of
the Amazon. Also, their language, which is the basis of the Indian
trade language of the Amazon.

TUPIAN
Tu"pi*an, a.

Defn: Designating, or pert. to, a linguistic stock of South American
Indians comprising the most important Brazilian tribes. Agriculture,
pottery, and stone working were practiced by them at the time of the
conquest. The Tupi and the Guarani were originally the most powerful
of the stock, which is hence also called Tupi-Guaranian.

TUPMAN
Tup"man, n.; pl. Tupmen (.

Defn: A man who breeds, or deals in tups. [Prov. Eng.]

TUQUE
Tuque, n. [Canadian F. See Toque.]

Defn: A kind of warm cap winter wear, made from a knit bag with
closed tapered ends by pushing one end within the other, thus making
a conical cap of double thickness.

Picturesque fellow with tuques, red sashes, and fur coats.
F. Remington.

TUR
Tur, n. Etym: [Pol.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The urus.

TURACIN
Tu"ra*cin, n. (Physiol.) (Chem.)

Defn: A red or crimson pigment obtained from certain feathers of
several species of turacou; whence the name. It contains nearly six
per cent of copper.

TURACOU
Tu*ra"cou, n. Etym: [Cf. F. touraco.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of plantain eaters of the genus
Turacus, native of Africa. They are remarkable for the peculiar green
and red pigments found in their feathers. [Written also touraco, and
touracou.]

TURACOVERDIN
Tu*ra`co*ver"din, n. Etym: [See Turacou, and Verdant.] (Physiol.)
(Chem.)

Defn: A green pigment found in the feathers of the turacou. See
Turacin.

TURANIAN
Tu*ra"ni*an, a. Etym: [From Tur, the name, in Persian legendary
history, of one of the three brothers from whom sprang the races of
mankind.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an extensive family of
languages of simple structure and low grade (called also Altaic,
Ural-Altaic, and Scythian), spoken in the northern parts of Europe
and Asia and Central Asia; of pertaining to, or designating, the
people who speak these languages.

TURANIAN
Tu*ra"ni*an, n.

Defn: One of the Turanians.

TURANIANS
Tu*ra"ni*ans, n. pl. (Ethnol.)
(a) An extensive division of mankind including the Mongols and allied
races of Asia, together with the Malays and Polynesians.
(b) A group of races or tribes inhabiting Asia and closely related to
the Mongols.

TURATT
Tu"ratt, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hare kangaroo.

TURBAN
Tur"ban, n. Etym: [OE. turband, turbant, tolibant, F. turban, It.
turbante, Turk. tulbend, dulbend, fr. Per. dulband. Cf. Tulip.]

1. A headdress worn by men in the Levant and by most Mohammedans of
the male sex, consisting of a cap, and a sash, scarf, or shawl,
usually of cotton or linen, wound about the cap, and sometimes
hanging down the neck.

2. A kind of headdress worn by women.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The whole set of whorls of a spiral shell.

TURBAND
Tur"band, n.

Defn: A turban. Balfour (Cyc. of Ind.).

TURBANED
Tur"baned, a.

Defn: Wearing a turban. " A malignant and a turbaned Turk." Shak.

TURBAN-SHELL
Tur"ban-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea urchin when deprived of its spines; -- popularly so
called from a fancied resemblance to a turban.

TURBANT
Tur"bant, n.

Defn: A turban. [Obs.] Milton.
I see the Turk nodding with his turbant. Howell.

TURBAN-TOP
Tur"ban-top`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of fungus with an irregularly wrinkled, somewhat
globular pileus (Helvella, or Gyromitra, esculenta.).

TURBARY
Tur"ba*ry, n.; pl. Turbaries. Etym: [LL. turbaria a place for digging
peat, from turba peat. See Turf.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: A right of digging turf on another man's land; also, the ground
where turf is dug.

TURBELLARIA
Tur`bel*la"ri*a, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., dim. fr. L. turbo a whirling.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive group of worms which have the body covered
externally with vibrating cilia. It includes the Rhabdocoela and
Dendrocoela. Formerly, the nemerteans were also included in this
group.

TURBELLARIAN
Tur`bel*la"ri*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Turbellaria. Also used adjectively.

TURBETH
Tur"beth, n.

Defn: See Turpeth.

TURBID
Tur"bid, a. Etym: [L. turbidus, from turba tumult, disturbance, akin
to turbare to disturb. See Trouble, and cf. Disturb, Perturb.]

1. Having the lees or sediment disturbed; roiled; muddy; thick; not
clear; -- used of liquids of any kind; as, turbid water; turbid wine.
On that strong, turbid water, a small boat, Guided by one weak hand,
was seen to float. Whittier.

2. Disturbed; confused; disordered. " Such turbid intervals that use
to attend close prisoners." Howell.

TURBIDITY
Tur*bid"i*ty, n.

Defn: Turbidness.

TURBIDLY
Tur"bid*ly, adv.

1. In a turbid manner; with muddiness or confusion.

2. Proudly; haughtily. [A Latinism. R.]
One of great merit turbidly resents them. Young.

TURBIDNESS
Tur"bid*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being turbid; muddiness; foulness.

TURBILLION
Tur*bil"lion, n. Etym: [F. tourbillon, from L. turbo a whirl.]

Defn: A whirl; a vortex. Spectator.

TURBINACEOUS
Tur`bi*na"ceous, a. Etym: [See Turbary.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to peat, or turf; of the nature of peat, or
turf; peaty; turfy. Sir. W. Scott.

TURBINAL
Tur"bi*nal, a. Etym: [L. turbo, turben, -inis, a top, whirl.] (Anat.)

Defn: Rolled in a spiral; scroll-like; turbinate; -- applied to the
thin, plicated, bony or cartilaginous plates which support the
olfactory and mucous membranes of the nasal chambers.

Note: There are usually several of these plates in each nasal
chamber. The upper ones, connected directly with the ethmoid bone,
are called ethmoturbinals, and the lower, connected with the maxillæ,
maxillo-turbinals. Incurved portions of the wall of the nasal chamber
are sometimes called pseudoturbinals, to distinguish them from the
true turbinals which are free outgrowths into the chambers.

TURBINAL
Tur"bi*nal, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A turbinal bone or cartilage.

TURBINATE
Tur"bi*nate, v. i.

Defn: To revolve or spin like a top; to whirl. [R.]

TURBINATE; TURBINATED
Tur"bi*nate, Tur"bi*na`ted, a. Etym: [L. turbinatus, turbo, turben, -
inis, a whirl, top.]

1. Whirling in the manner of a top.
A spiral and turbinated motion of the whole. Bentley.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Shaped like a top, or inverted cone; narrow at the base, and
broad at the apex; as, a turbinated ovary, pericarp, or root.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: Turbinal.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Spiral with the whorls decreasing rapidly from a large base to
a pointed apex; -- said of certain shells.

TURBINATION
Tur`bi*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. L. tirbinatio a pointing in the form of
a cone. See Turbinate.]

Defn: The act of spinning or whirling, as a top.

TURBINE
Tur"bine, n. Etym: [L. turbo, -inis, that which spins or whirls
round, whirl.]

Defn: A water wheel, commonly horizontal, variously constructed, but
usually having a series of curved floats or buckets, against which
the water acts by its impulse or reaction in flowing either outward
from a central chamber, inward from an external casing, or from above
downward, etc.; -- also called turbine wheel.

Note: In some turbines, the water is supplied to the wheel from
below, instead of above. Turbines in which the water flows in a
direction parallel to the axis are called parallel-flow turbines.

TURBINELLA
Tur`bi*nel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. fr. L. turbo, -inis, a top.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large marine gastropods having a thick heavy shell
with conspicuous folds on the columella.

TURBINITE
Tur"bi*nite, n. Etym: [NL. Turbo, the generic name, fr. L. turbo a
whirl, top: cf. F. turbinite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A petrified shell resembling the genus Turbo. [R.]

TURBINOID
Tur"bi*noid, a. Etym: [See Turbo, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to Turbo or the family Turbinidæ.

TURBIT
Tur"bit, n. Etym: [Cf. Turbot.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The turbot.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of the domestic pigeon, remarkable for its short
beak.

TURBITE
Tur"bite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil turbo.

TURBITH
Tur"bith, n. Etym: [F., fr. Per. See Turpeth.]

Defn: See Turpeth.

TURBO
Tur"bo, n. Etym: [L. turbo, -inis, a top. See Turbine.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous marine gastropods of the genus Turbo or
family Turbinidæ, usually having a turbinate shell, pearly on the
inside, and a calcareous operculum.

TURBOGENERATOR
Tur`bo*gen"er*a`tor, n. [See Turbine, and Generator.]

Defn: An electric generator or dynamo which is combined on one frame
with a turbomotor, by which it is driven.

TURBOT
Tur"bot, n. Etym: [F.; -- probably so named from its shape, and from
L. turbo a top, a whirl.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A large European flounder (Rhombus maximus) highly esteemed as a
food fish. It often weighs from thirty to forty pounds. Its color on
the upper side is brownish with small roundish tubercles scattered
over the surface. The lower, or blind, side is white. Called also
bannock fluke.
(b) Any one of numerous species of flounders more or less related to
the true turbots, as the American plaice, or summer flounder (see
Flounder), the halibut, and the diamond flounder (Hypsopsetta
guttulata) of California.
(c) The filefish; -- so called in Bermuda.
(d) The trigger fish. Spotted turbot. See Windowpane.

TURBULENCE
Tur"bu*lence, n. Etym: [L. turbulentia: cf. F. turbulebce.]

Defn: The quality or state of being turbulent; a disturbed state;
tumult; disorder; agitation. Shak.
The years of . . . warfare and turbulence which ensued. Southey.

Syn.
 -- Agitation; commotion; tumult; tumultuousness; termagance;
unruliness; insubordination; rioting.

TURBULENCY
Tur"bu*len*cy, n.

Defn: Turbulence.
What a tale of terror now its turbulency tells! Poe.

TURBULENT
Tur"bu*lent, a. Etym: [L. turbulentus, fr. turba disorder, tumult:
cf. F. turbulent. See Turbid.]

1. Disturbed; agitated; tumultuous; roused to violent commotion; as,
the turbulent ocean.
Calm region once, And full of peace, now tossed and turbulent.
Milton.

2. Disposed to insubordination and disorder; restless; unquiet;
refractory; as, turbulent spirits.
Sagacious, bold, and turbulent of wit. Dryden.

3. Producing commotion; disturbing; exciting.
Whose heads that turbulent liquor fills with fumes. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Disturbed; agitated; tumultuous; riotous; seditious;
insubordinate; refractory; unquiet.

TURBULENTLY
Tur"bu*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a turbulent manner.

TURCISM
Tur"cism, n.

Defn: A mode of speech peculiar to the Turks; a Turkish idiom or
expression; also, in general, a Turkish mode or custom.

TURCOMAN
Tur"co*man, n.; pl. Turcomans (.

1. A member of a tribe of Turanians inhabiting a region east of the
Caspian Sea.

2. A Turcoman carpet. Turcoman carpet or rug, a kind of carpet or rug
supposed to be made by the Turcomans.

TURDIFORMES
Tur`di*for"mes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. turdus a thrush + forma
form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of singing birds including the thrushes and allied
kinds.

TURDUS
Tur"dus, n. Etym: [L., a thrush.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of singing birds including the true thrushes.

TUREEN
Tu*reen", n. Etym: [F. terrine, L. terra earth. See Terrace.]

Defn: A large, deep vessel for holding soup, or other liquid food, at
the table. [Written also terreen.]

TUREENFUL
Tu*reen"ful, n.; pl. Tureenfuls (.

Defn: As much as a tureen can hold; enough to fill a tureen.

TURF
Turf (tûrf), n.; pl. Turfs, Obs. Turves. Etym: [AS. turf; akin to D.
turf peat, G. torf, OHG. zurba turf, Sw. & Icel. torf turf, peat,
Dan. törv, Skr. darbha a kind of grass, a tuft of grass. sq.
root242.]

1. That upper stratum of earth and vegetable mold which is filled
with the roots of grass and other small plants, so as to adhere and
form a kind of mat; sward; sod.
At his head a grass-green turf. Shak.
The Greek historian sets her in the field on a high heap of turves.
Milton.

2. Peat, especially when prepared for fuel. See Peat.

3. Race course; horse racing; -- preceded by the. "We . . . claim the
honors of the turf." Cowper.

Note: Turf is often used adjectively, or to form compounds which are
generally self-explaining; as, turf ashes, turf cutter or turf-
cutter, turf pit or turf-pit, turf-built, turf-clad, turf-covered,
etc. Turf ant (Zoöl.), a small European ant (Formica flava) which
makes small ant-hills on heaths and commons.
 -- Turf drain, a drain made with turf or peat.
 -- Turf hedge, a hedge or fence formed with turf and plants of
different kinds.
 -- Turf house, a house or shed formed of turf, common in the
northern parts of Europe.
 -- Turf moss a tract of turfy, mossy, or boggy land.
 -- Turf spade, a spade for cutting and digging turf, longer and
narrower than the common spade.

TURF
Turf, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Turfed; p. pr. & vb. n. Turfing.]

Defn: To cover with turf or sod; as, to turf a bank, of the border of
a terrace. A. Tucker.

TURFEN
Turf"en, a.

Defn: Made of turf; covered with turf.

TURFINESS
Turf"i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being turfy.

TURFING
Turf"ing, n.

Defn: The act or process of providing or covering with turf. Turfing
iron, or Turfing spade, an implement for cutting, and paring off,
turf.

TURFITE
Turf"ite, n.

Defn: A votary of the turf, or race course; hence, sometimes, a
blackleg. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

TURFLESS
Turf"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of turf.

TURFMAN
Turf"man, n.; pl. Turfmen (.

Defn: A turfite; a votary of the turf, or race course. [Colloq.]

TURFY
Turf"y, a. [Compar. Turfier; superl. Turfiest.]

1. Abounding with turf; made of, or covered with, turf. "The turfy
mountains." Shak.

2. Having the nature or appearance of turf.

3. Of or pertaining to the turf, or horse racing.

TURGENT
Tur"gent, a. Etym: [L. turgens, -entis, p. pr. of turgere to swell.]

1. Rising into a tumor, or a puffy state; swelling; tumid; as,
turgent humors.

2. Inflated; bombastic; turgid; pompous.
Recompensed with turgent titles. Burton.

TURGESCE
Tur*gesce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Turgesced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Turgescing.] Etym: [L. turgescere, v. incho. fr. turgere to swell.]

Defn: To become turgid; to swell or be inflated. [R.]

TURGESCENCE; TURGESCENCY
Tur*ges"cence, Tur*ges"cen*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. turgescence. See
Turgescent.]

1. The act of swelling, or the state of being swollen, or turgescent.
Sir T. Browne.

2. Empty magnificence or pompousness; inflation; bombast; turgidity.
Johnson.

TURGESCENT
Tur*ges"cent, a. Etym: [L. turgescens, -entis, p. pr. of turgescere:
cf. F. turgescent. See Turgesce.]

Defn: Becoming turgid or inflated; swelling; growing big.

TURGID
Tur"gid, a. Etym: [L. turgidus, from turgere to swell.]

1. Distended beyond the natural state by some internal agent or
expansive force; swelled; swollen; bloated; inflated; tumid; --
especially applied to an enlarged part of the body; as, a turgid
limb; turgid fruit.
A bladder . . . held near the fire grew turgid. Boyle.

2. Swelling in style or language; vainly ostentatious; bombastic;
pompous; as, a turgid style of speaking.
 -- Tur"gid*ly, adv.
 -- Tur"gid*ness, n.

TURGIDITY
Tur*gid"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being turgid.

TURGIDOUS
Tur"gid*ous, a.

Defn: Turgid. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

TURIO
Tu"ri*o, n.; pl. Turiones. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A shoot or sprout from the ground. Gray.

TURIOLE
Tu"ri*ole, n.

Defn: The golden oriole. [Prov. Eng.]

TURION
Tu"ri*on, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Turio.

TURIONIFEROUS
Tu`ri*o*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. turio a sprout + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing shoots, as asparagus. Barton.

TURK
Turk, n. Etym: [Per. Turk; probably of Tartar origin: cf. F. Turc.]

1. A member of any of numerous Tartar tribes of Central Asia, etc.;
esp., one of the dominant race in Turkey.

2. A native or inhabitant of Turkey.

3. A Mohammedan; esp., one living in Turkey.
It is no good reason for a man's religion that he was born and
brought up in it; for then a Turk would have as much reason to be a
Turk as a Christian to be a Christian. Chillingworth.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The plum weevil. See Curculio, and Plum weevil, under Plum.
Turk's cap. (Bot.) (a) Turk's-cap lily. See under Lily. (b) A tulip.
(c) A plant of the genus Melocactus; Turk's head. See Melon cactus,
under Melon.
 -- Turk's head. (a) (Naut.) A knot of turbanlike form worked on a
rope with a piece of small line. R. H. Dana, Jr. (b) (Bot.) See
Turk's cap (c) above.
 -- Turk's turban (Bot.), a plant of the genus Ranunculus; crowfoot.

TURKEIS
Tur"keis, a. Etym: [Cf. Turquoise.]

Defn: Turkish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TURKEY
Tur"key, n. Etym: [Cf. 2d Turkey.]

Defn: An empire in the southeast of Europe and southwest of Asia.
Turkey carpet, a superior kind of carpet made in Asia Minor and
adjoining countries, having a deep pile and composed of pure wool
with a weft of different material. It is distinguishable by its
coloring and patterns from similar carpets made in India and
elsewhere.
 -- Turkey oak. (Bot.) See Cerris.
 -- Turkey red. (a) A brilliant red imparted by madder to cottons,
calicoes, etc., the fiber of which has been prepared previously with
oil or other fatty matter. (b) Cloth dyed with this red.
 -- Turkey sponge. (Zoöl.) See Toilet sponge, under Sponge.
 -- Turkey stone, a kind of oilstone from Turkey; novaculite; --
called also Turkey oilstone.

TURKEY
Tur"key, n.; pl. Turkeys. Etym: [So called because it was formerly
erroneously believed that it came originally from Turkey: cf. F.
Turquie Turkey. See Turk.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any large American gallinaceous bird belonging to the genus
Meleagris, especially the North American wild turkey (Meleagris
gallopavo), and the domestic turkey, which was probably derived from
the Mexican wild turkey, but had been domesticated by the Indians
long before the discovery of America.

Note: The Mexican wild turkey is now considered a variety of the
northern species (var. Mexicana). Its tall feathers and coverts are
tipped with white instead of brownish chestnut, and its flesh is
white. The Central American, or ocellated, turkey (M. ocellata) is
more elegantly colored than the common species. See under Ocellated.
The Australian, or native, turkey is a bustard (Choriotis australis).
See under Native. Turkey beard (Bot.), a name of certain American
perennial liliaceous herbs of the genus Xerophyllum. They have a
dense tuft of hard, narrowly linear radical leaves, and a long raceme
of small whitish flowers. Also called turkey's beard.
 -- Turkey berry (Bot.), a West Indian name for the fruit of certain
kinds of nightshade (Solanum mammosum, and S. torvum).
 -- Turkey bird (Zoöl.), the wryneck. So called because it erects and
ruffles the feathers of its neck when disturbed. [Prov. Eng.] --
Turkey buzzard (Zoöl.), a black or nearly black buzzard (Cathartes
aura), abundant in the Southern United States. It is so called
because its naked and warty head and neck resemble those of a turkey.
Its is noted for its high and graceful flight. Called also turkey
vulture.
 -- Turkey cock (Zoöl.), a male turkey.
 -- Turkey hen (Zoöl.), a female turkey.
 -- Turkey pout (Zoöl.), a young turkey. [R.] -- Turkey vulture
(Zoöl.), the turkey buzzard.

TURKEYS
Tur"keys, a.

Defn: Turkish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TURKEY-TROT
Tur"key-trot`, n.

Defn: An eccentric ragtime dance, danced with the feet well apart and
with a characteristic rise on the ball of the foot, followed by a
drop upon the heel. The original form, owning to the positions
assumed by the dancers, is offensively suggestive. Similar dances are
the bunny hug and grizzly bear, so called in allusion to the
movements and the positions assumed by the partners in dancing.

TURKIC
Turk"ic, a.

Defn: Turkish.

TURKIS
Tur"kis, n. (Min.)

Defn: Turquois. [Obs.]

TURKISH
Turk"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Turkey or the Turks.
 -- n.

Defn: The language spoken by Turks, esp. that of the people of
Turkey.
 -- Turk"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Turk"ish*ness, n.

TURKISM
Turk"ism, n.

Defn: Same as Turcism.

TURKLE
Tur"kle, n.

Defn: A turtle. [Obs. or Illiterate]

TURKO
Turk"o, n.; pl. Turkos. Etym: [F. turco.]

Defn: One of a body of native Algerian tirailleurs in the French
army, dressed as a Turk. [Written also Turco.]

TURKO-IRANIAN
Tur`ko-I*ra"ni*an, a. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Designating, or pert. to, a mixed racial type including the
Afghans, and characterized chiefly by stature above mean, fair
complexion, dark, or sometimes gray, eyes, brachycephaly, and very
long, prominent, and moderately narrow nose.

TURKO-IRANIAN
Tur`ko-I*ra"ni*an, n.

Defn: A member of any race of the Turko-Iranian type.

TURKOIS
Tur*kois", n. & a.

Defn: Turquoise.

TURKOMAN
Tur"ko*man, n.; pl. Turkomans (.

Defn: Same as Turcoman.

TURK'S-HEAD
Turk's"-head`, n.

1. (Naut.) A knot of turbanlike form  worked on a rope with a piece
of small line.

2.
 (a) The melon cactus. [West Indies]
 (b) Any of several species of Echinocactus. [California]

3.  A long-handled, round-headed broom for sweeping ceilings, etc.
[Colloq. or Dial.]

TURLUPIN
Tur"lu*pin, n. Etym: [F.] (Fr. Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of the precursors of the Reformation; -- a nickname
corresponding to Lollard, etc.

TURM
Turm, n. Etym: [L. turma.]

Defn: A troop; a company. [Obs. or Poetic]
Legions and cohorts, turms of horse and wings. Milton.

TURMALINE
Tur"ma*line, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Tourmaline.

TURMERIC
Tur"mer*ic, n. Etym: [F. terre-mérite, NL. terramerita, turmerica;
apparently meaning, excellent earth, but perhaps a corruption of Ar.
kurkum. Cf. Curcuma.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An East Indian plant of the genus Curcuma, of the Ginger
family.

2. The root or rootstock of the Curcuma longa. It is externally
grayish, but internally of a deep, lively yellow or saffron color,
and has a slight aromatic smell, and a bitterish, slightly acrid
taste. It is used for a dye, a medicine, a condiment, and a chemical
test.

TURMERIC
Tur"mer*ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to turmeric; resembling, or obtained from,
turmeric; specif., designating an acid obtained by the oxidation of
turmerol. Turmeric paper (Chem.), paper impregnated with turmeric and
used as a test for alkaline substances, by which it is changed from
yellow to brown.
 -- Turmeric root. (Bot.) (a) Bloodroot. (b) Orangeroot.

TURMEROL
Tur"mer*ol, n. Etym: [Turmeric + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: Turmeric oil, a brownish yellow, oily substance extracted from
turmeric by ligroin.

TURMOIL
Tur"moil, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin; perhaps fr. OF. tremouille
the hopper of a mill, trembler to tremble (cf. E. tremble);
influenced by E. turn and moil.]

Defn: Harassing labor; trouble; molestation by tumult; disturbance;
worrying confusion.
And there I'll rest, as after much turmoil, A blessed soul doth in
Elysium. Shak.

TURMOIL
Tur*moil", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Turmoiled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Turmoiling.]

Defn: To harass with commotion; to disquiet; to worry. [Obs.]
It is her fatal misfortune . . . to be miserably tossed and turmoiled
with these storms of affliction. Spenser.

TURMOIL
Tur*moil", v. i.

Defn: To be disquieted or confused; to be in commotion. [Obs.]
Milton.

TURN
Turn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Turned; p. pr. & vb. n. Turning.] Etym:
[OE. turnen, tournen, OF. tourner, torner, turner, F. tourner, LL.
tornare, fr. L. tornare to turn in a lathe, to rounds off, fr. tornus
a lathe, Gr. throw. See Throw, and cf. Attorney, Return, Tornado,
Tour, Tournament.]

1. To cause to move upon a center, or as if upon a center; to give
circular motion to; to cause to revolve; to cause to move round,
either partially, wholly, or repeatedly; to make to change position
so as to present other sides in given directions; to make to face
otherwise; as, to turn a wheel or a spindle; to turn the body or the
head.
Turn the adamantine spindle round. Milton.
The monarch turns him to his royal guest. Pope.

2. To cause to present a different side uppermost or outmost; to make
the upper side the lower, or the inside to be the outside of; to
reverse the position of; as, to turn a box or a board; to turn a
coat.

3. To give another direction, tendency, or inclination to; to direct
otherwise; to deflect; to incline differently; -- used both literally
and figuratively; as, to turn the eyes to the heavens; to turn a
horse from the road, or a ship from her course; to turn the attention
to or from something. "Expert when to advance, or stand, or, turn the
sway of battle." Milton.
Thrice I deluded her, and turned to sport Her importunity. Milton.
My thoughts are turned on peace. Addison.

4. To change from a given use or office; to divert, as to another
purpose or end; to transfer; to use or employ; to apply; to devote.
Therefore he slew him, and turned the kingdom unto David. 1 Chron. x.
14.
God will make these evils the occasion of a greater good, by turning
them to advantage in this world. Tillotson.
When the passage is open, land will be turned most to cattle; when
shut, to sheep. Sir W. Temple.

5. To change the form, quality, aspect, or effect of; to alter; to
metamorphose; to convert; to transform; -- often with to or into
before the word denoting the effect or product of the change; as, to
turn a worm into a winged insect; to turn green to blue; to turn
prose into verse; to turn a Whig to a Tory, or a Hindoo to a
Christian; to turn good to evil, and the like.
The Lord thy God will turn thy captivity, and have compassion upon
thee. Deut. xxx. 3.
And David said, O Lord, I pray thee, turn the counsel of Ahithophel
into foolishness. 2 Sam. xv. 31.
Impatience turns an ague into a fever. Jer. Taylor.

6. To form in a lathe; to shape or fashion (anything) by applying a
cutting tool to it while revolving; as, to turn the legs of stools or
tables; to turn ivory or metal.
I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned. Shak.

7. Hence, to give form to; to shape; to mold; to put in proper
condition; to adapt. "The poet's pen turns them to shapes." Shak.
His limbs how turned, how broad his shoulders spread ! Pope.
He was perfectly well turned for trade. Addison.

8. Specifically: --
(a) To translate; to construe; as, to turn the Iliad.
Who turns a Persian tale for half a crown. Pope.

(b) To make acid or sour; to ferment; to curdle, etc.: as, to turn
cider or wine; electricity turns milk quickly.
(c) To sicken; to nauseate; as, an emetic turns one's stomach. To be
turned of, be advanced beyond; as, to be turned of sixty-six.
 -- To turn a cold shoulder to, to treat with neglect or
indifference.
 -- To turn a corner, to go round a corner.
 -- To turn adrift, to cast off, to cease to care for.
 -- To turn a flange (Mech.), to form a flange on, as around a metal
sheet or boiler plate, by stretching, bending, and hammering, or
rolling the metal.
 -- To turn against. (a) To direct against; as, to turn one's
arguments against himself. (b) To make unfavorable or hostile to; as,
to turn one's friends against him.
 -- To turn a hostile army, To turn the enemy's flank, or the like
(Mil.), to pass round it, and take a position behind it or upon its
side.
 -- To turn a penny, or To turn an honest penny, to make a small
profit by trade, or the like.
 -- To turn around one's finger, to have complete control of the will
and actions of; to be able to influence at pleasure.
 -- To turn aside, to avert.
 -- To turn away. (a) To dismiss from service; to discard; as, to
turn away a servant. (b) To avert; as, to turn away wrath or evil.
 -- To turn back. (a) To give back; to return.
We turn not back the silks upon the merchants, When we have soiled
them. Shak.
(b) To cause to return or retrace one's steps; hence, to drive away;
to repel. Shak.
 -- To turn down. (a) To fold or double down. (b) To turn over so as
to conceal the face of; as, to turn down cards. (c) To lower, or
reduce in size, by turning a valve, stopcock, or the like; as, turn
down the lights.
 -- To turn in. (a) To fold or double under; as, to turn in the edge
of cloth. (b) To direct inwards; as, to turn the toes in when
walking. (c) To contribute; to deliver up; as, he turned in a large
amount. [Colloq.] -- To turn in the mind, to revolve, ponder, or
meditate upon; -- with about, over, etc. " Turn these ideas about in
your mind." I. Watts.
 -- To turn off. (a) To dismiss contemptuously; as, to turn off a
sycophant or a parasite. (b) To give over; to reduce. (c) To divert;
to deflect; as, to turn off the thoughts from serious subjects; to
turn off a joke. (d) To accomplish; to perform, as work. (e) (Mech.)
To remove, as a surface, by the process of turning; to reduce in size
by turning. (f) To shut off, as a fluid, by means of a valve,
stopcock, or other device; to stop the passage of; as, to turn off
the water or the gas.
 -- To turn on, to cause to flow by turning a valve, stopcock, or the
like; to give passage to; as, to turn on steam.
 -- To turn one's coat, to change one's uniform or colors; to go over
to the opposite party.
 -- To turn one's goods or money, and the like, to exchange in the
course of trade; to keep in lively exchange or circulation; to gain
or increase in trade.
 -- To turn one's hand to, to adapt or apply one's self to; to engage
in.
 -- To turn out. (a) To drive out; to expel; as, to turn a family out
of doors; to turn a man out of office.
I'll turn you out of my kingdom. Shak.
(b) to put to pasture, as cattle or horses. (c) To produce, as the
result of labor, or any process of manufacture; to furnish in a
completed state. (d) To reverse, as a pocket, bag, etc., so as to
bring the inside to the outside; hence, to produce. (e) To cause to
cease, or to put out, by turning a stopcock, valve, or the like; as,
to turn out the lights.
 -- To turn over. (a) To change or reverse the position of; to
overset; to overturn; to cause to roll over. (b) To transfer; as, to
turn over business to another hand. (c) To read or examine, as a
book, while, turning the leaves. "We turned o'er many books
together." Shak. (d) To handle in business; to do business to the
amount of; as, he turns over millions a year. [Colloq.] -- To turn
over a new leaf. See under Leaf.
 -- To turn tail, to run away; to retreat ignominiously.
 -- To turn the back, to flee; to retreat.
 -- To turn the back on or upon, to treat with contempt; to reject or
refuse unceremoniously.
 -- To turn the corner, to pass the critical stage; to get by the
worst point; hence, to begin to improve, or to succeed.
 -- To turn the die or dice, to change fortune.
 -- To turn the edge or point of, to bend over the edge or point of
so as to make dull; to blunt.
 -- To turn the head or brain of, to make giddy, wild, insane, or the
like; to infatuate; to overthrow the reason or judgment of; as, a
little success turned his head.
 -- To turn the scale or balance, to change the preponderance; to
decide or determine something doubtful.
 -- To turn the stomach of, to nauseate; to sicken.
 -- To turn the tables, to reverse the chances or conditions of
success or superiority; to give the advantage to the person or side
previously at a disadvantage.
 -- To turn tippet, to make a change. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
 -- To turn to profit, advantage, etc., to make profitable or
advantageous.
 -- To turn up. (a) To turn so as to bring the bottom side on top;
as, to turn up the trump. (b) To bring from beneath to the surface,
as in plowing, digging, etc. (c) To give an upward curve to; to tilt;
as, to turn up the nose.
 -- To turn upon, to retort; to throw back; as, to turn the arguments
of an opponent upon himself.
 -- To turn upside down, to confuse by putting things awry; to throw
into disorder.
This house is turned upside down since Robin Ostler died. Shak.

TURN
Turn, v. i.

1. To move round; to have a circular motion; to revolve entirely,
repeatedly, or partially; to change position, so as to face
differently; to whirl or wheel round; as, a wheel turns on its axis;
a spindle turns on a pivot; a man turns on his heel.
The gate . . . on golden hinges turning. Milton.

2. Hence, to revolve as if upon a point of support; to hinge; to
depend; as, the decision turns on a single fact.
Conditions of peace certainly turn upon events of war. Swift.

3. To result or terminate; to come about; to eventuate; to issue.
If we repent seriously, submit contentedly, and serve him faithfully,
afflictions shall turn to our advantage. Wake.

4. To be deflected; to take a different direction or tendency; to be
directed otherwise; to be differently applied; to be transferred; as,
to turn from the road.
Turn from thy fierce wrath. Ex. xxxii. 12.
Turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways. Ezek. xxxiii. 11.
The understanding turns inward on itself, and reflects on its own
operations. Locke.

5. To be changed, altered, or transformed; to become transmuted;
also, to become by a change or changes; to grow; as, wood turns to
stone; water turns to ice; one color turns to another; to turn
Mohammedan.
I hope you have no intent to turn husband. Shak.
Cygnets from gray turn white. Bacon.

6. To undergo the process of turning on a lathe; as, ivory turns
well.

7. Specifically: --
(a) To become acid; to sour; -- said of milk, ale, etc.
(b) To become giddy; -- said of the head or brain.
I'll look no more; Lest my brain turn. Shak.

(c) To be nauseated; -- said of the stomach.
(d) To become inclined in the other direction; -- said of scales.
(e) To change from ebb to flow, or from flow to ebb; -- said of the
tide.
(f) (Obstetrics) To bring down the feet of a child in the womb, in
order to facilitate delivery.

8. (Print.)

Defn: To invert a type of the same thickness, as temporary substitute
for any sort which is exhausted. To turn about, to face to another
quarter; to turn around.
 -- To turn again, to come back after going; to return. Shak.
 -- To turn against, to become unfriendly or hostile to.
 -- To turn aside or away. (a) To turn from the direct course; to
withdraw from a company; to deviate. (b) To depart; to remove. (c) To
avert one's face.
 -- To turn back, to turn so as to go in an opposite direction; to
retrace one's steps.
 -- To turn in. (a) To bend inward. (b) To enter for lodgings or
entertainment. (c) To go to bed. [Colloq.] -- To turn into, to enter
by making a turn; as, to turn into a side street.
 -- To turn off, to be diverted; to deviate from a course; as, the
road turns off to the left.
 -- To turn on or upon. (a) To turn against; to confront in hostility
or anger. (b) To reply to or retort. (c) To depend on; as, the result
turns on one condition.
 -- To turn out. (a) To move from its place, as a bone. (b) To bend
or point outward; as, his toes turn out. (c) To rise from bed.
[Colloq.] (d) To come abroad; to appear; as, not many turned out to
the fire. (e) To prove in the result; to issue; to result; as, the
cropsturned out poorly.
 -- To turn over, to turn from side to side; to roll; to tumble.
 -- To turn round. (a) To change position so as to face in another
direction. (b) To change one's opinion; to change from one view or
party to another.
 -- To turn to, to apply one's self to; have recourse to; to refer
to. "Helvicus's tables may be turned to on all occasions." Locke.
 -- To turn to account, profit, advantage, or the like, to be made
profitable or advantageous; to become worth the while.
 -- To turn under, to bend, or be folded, downward or under.
 -- To turn up. (a) To bend, or be doubled, upward. (b) To appear; to
come to light; to transpire; to occur; to happen.

TURN
Turn, n.

1. The act of turning; movement or motion about, or as if about, a
center or axis; revolution; as, the turn of a wheel.

2. Change of direction, course, or tendency; different order,
position, or aspect of affairs; alteration; vicissitude; as, the turn
of the tide.
At length his complaint took a favorable turn. Macaulay.
The turns and varieties of all passions. Hooker.
Too well the turns of mortal chance I know. Pope.

3. One of the successive portions of a course, or of a series of
occurrences, reckoning from change to change; hence, a winding; a
bend; a meander.
And all its [the river's] thousand turns disclose. Some fresher
beauty varying round. Byron.

4. A circuitous walk, or a walk to and fro, ending where it began; a
short walk; a stroll.
Come, you and I must walk a turn together. Shak.
I will take a turn in your garden. Dryden.

5. Successive course; opportunity enjoyed by alternation with another
or with others, or in due order; due chance; alternate or incidental
occasion; appropriate time. "Nobleness and bounty . . . had their
turns in his [the king's] nature."
His turn will come to laugh at you again. Denham
.
Every one has a fair turn to be as great as he pleases. Collier.

6. Incidental or opportune deed or office; occasional act of kindness
or malice; as, to do one an ill turn.
Had I not done a friendes turn to thee Chaucer.
thanks are half lost when good turns are delayed. Fairfax.

7. Convenience; occasion; purpose; exigence; as, this will not serve
his turn.
I have enough to serve mine own turn. Shak.

8. Form; cast; shape; manner; fashion; -- used in a literal or
figurative sense; hence, form of expression; mode of signifying; as,
the turn of thought; a man of a sprightly turn in conversation.
The turn of both his expressions and thoughts is unharmonious.
Dryden.
The Roman poets, in their description of a beautiful man, often
mention the turn of his neck and arms. Addison.

9. A change of condition; especially, a sudden or recurring symptom
of illness, as a nervous shock, or fainting spell; as, a bad turn.
[Colloq.]

10. A fall off the ladder at the gallows; a hanging; -- so called
from the practice of causing the criminal to stand on a ladder which
was turned over, so throwing him off, when the signal was given.
[Obs.]

11. A round of a rope or cord in order to secure it, as about a pin
or a cleat.

12. (Mining)

Defn: A pit sunk in some part of a drift.

13. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A court of record, held by the sheriff twice a year in every
hundred within his county. Blount.

14. pl. (Med.)

Defn: Monthly courses; menses. [Colloq.]

15. (Mus.)

Defn: An embellishment or grace (marked thus, By turns. (a) One after
another; alternately; in succession. (b) At intervals. "[They] feel
by turns the bitter change." Milton.
 -- In turn, in due order of succession.
 -- To a turn, exactly; perfectly; as, done to a turn; -- a phrase
alluding to the practice of cooking on a revolving spit.
 -- To take turns, to alternate; to succeed one another in due order.
 -- Turn and turn about, by equal alternating periods of service or
duty; by turns.
 -- Turn bench, a simple portable lathe, used on a bench by clock
makers and watchmakers.
 -- Turn buckle. See Turnbuckle, in Vocabulary.
 -- Turn cap, a sort of chimney cap which turns round with the wind
so as to present its opening to the leeward. G. Francis.
 -- Turn of life (Med.), change of life. See under Change.
 -- Turn screw, a screw driver.

TURNBROACH
Turn"broach`, n.

Defn: A turnspit. [Obs.] " One that was her turnbroach." Beau. & Fl.

TURN-BUCKLE
Turn"-buc`kle, n. (Mech.)
(a) A loop or sleeve with a screw thread at one end and a swivel at
the other, -- used for tightening a rod, stay, etc.
(b) A gravitating catch, as for fastening a shutter, the end of a
chain, or a hasp.

TURNBULL'S BLUE
Turn"bull's blue`. (Chem.)

Defn: The double cyanide of ferrous and ferric iron, a dark blue
amorphous substance having a coppery luster, used in dyeing, calico
printing, etc. Cf. Prussian blue, under Prussian.

TURNCOAT
Turn"coat`, n.

Defn: One who forsakes his party or his principles; a renegade; an
apostate.
He is a turncoat, he was not true to his profession. Bunyan.

TURNDOWN
Turn"down`, a.

1. Capable of being turned down; specif. (Elec.), designating, or
pertaining to, an incandescent lamp with a small additional filament
which can be made incandescent when only a small amount of light is
required.

2.  Made to wear with the upper part turned down; as, a turndown
collar.

TURNEP
Tur"nep, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Turnip. [Obs.]

TURNER
Turn"er, n.

1. One who turns; especially, one whose occupation is to form
articles with a lathe.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of pigeon; a tumbler.

TURNER
Tur"ner, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: A person who practices athletic or gymnastic exercises.

TURNERITE
Tur"ner*ite, n. Etym: [So called from the English chemist and
mineralogist, C. H. Turner.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of monazite.

TURNERY
Turn"er*y, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tournerie.]

1. The art of fashioning solid bodies into cylindrical or other forms
by means of a lathe.

2. Things or forms made by a turner, or in the lathe.
Chairs of wood, the seats triangular, the backs, arms, and legs
loaded with turnery. Walpole.

TURNEY
Tur"ney, n. & v.

Defn: Tourney. [Obs.] Chaucer. "In open turney." Spenser. Milton.

TURNHALLE
Turn"hal`le, n. Etym: [G., from turnen to exercise gymnastics + halle
hall.]

Defn: A building used as a school of gymnastics.

TURNICIMORPHAE
Tur`ni*ci*mor"phæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Turnix, and -morphous.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of birds including Turnix and allied genera,
resembling quails in appearance but differing from them anatomically.

TURNING
Turn"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, turns; also, a winding; a
bending course; a fiexure; a meander.
Through paths and turnings often trod by day. Milton.

2. The place of a turn; an angle or corner, as of a road.
It is preached at every turning. Coleridge.

3. Deviation from the way or proper course. Harmar.

4. Turnery, or the shaping of solid substances into various by means
of a lathe and cutting tools.

5. pl.

Defn: The pieces, or chips, detached in the process of turning from
the material turned.

6. (Mil.)

Defn: A maneuver by which an enemy or a position is turned. Turning
and boring mill, a kind of lathe having a vertical spindle and
horizontal face plate, for turning and boring large work.
 -- Turning bridge. See the Note under Drawbridge.
 -- Turning engine, an engine lathe.
 -- Turning lathe, a lathe used by turners to shape their work.
 -- Turning pair. See the Note under Pair, n.
 -- Turning point, the point upon which a question turns, and which
decides a case.

TURNINGNESS
Turn"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of turning; instability; tergiversation. [Obs.] Sir
P. Sidney.

TURNIP
Tur"nip, n. Etym: [OE. turnep; probably fr. turn, or F. tour a turn,
turning lathe + OE. nepe a turnip, AS. næpe, L. napus. Cf. Turn,v.
t., Navew.] (Bot.)

Defn: The edible, fleshy, roundish, or somewhat conical, root of a
cruciferous plant (Brassica campestris, var. Napus); also, the plant
itself. [Formerly written also turnep.] Swedish turnip (Bot.), a kind
of turnip. See Ruta-baga.
 -- Turnip flea (Zoöl.), a small flea-beetle (Haltica, or
Phyllotreta, striolata), which feeds upon the turnip, and often
seriously injures it. It is black with a stripe of yellow on each
elytron. The name is also applied to several other small insects
which are injurious to turnips. See Illust. under Flea-beetle.
 -- Turnip fly. (Zoöl.) (a) The turnip flea. (b) A two-winged fly
(Anthomyia radicum) whose larvæ live in the turnip root.

TURNIP-SHELL
Tur"nip-shell", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several large, thick, spiral marine shells belonging
to Rapa and allied genera, somewhat turnip-shaped.

TURNIX
Tur"nix, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. coturnix a quail.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of birds belonging to Turnix or
Hemipodius and allied genera of the family Turnicidæ. These birds
resemble quails and partridges in general appearance and in some of
their habits, but differ in important anatomical characteristics. The
hind toe is usually lacking. They are found in Asia, Africa, Southern
Europe, the East Indian Islands, and esp. in Australia and adjacent
islands, where they are called quails (see Quail, n., 3.). See
Turnicimorphæ.

TURNKEY
Turn"key`, n.; pl. Turnkeys (.

1. A person who has charge of the keys of a prison, for opening and
fastening the doors; a warder.

2. (Dentistry)

Defn: An instrument with a hinged claw, -- used for extracting teeth
with a twist.

TURN-OUT
Turn"-out`, n.; pl. Turn-outs (.

1. The act of coming forth; a leaving of houses, shops, etc.; esp., a
quitting of employment for the purpose of forcing increase of wages;
a strike; -- opposed to lockout.

2. A short side track on a railroad, which may be occupied by one
train while another is passing on a main track; a shunt; a siding; a
switch.

3. That which is prominently brought forward or exhibited; hence, an
equipage; as, a man with a showy carriage and horses is said to have
a fine turn-out.

4. The aggregate number of persons who have come out, as from their
houses, for a special purpose.

5. Net quantity of produce yielded.

TURNOVER
Turn"o`ver, n.

1. The act or result of turning over; an upset; as, a bad turnover in
a carriage.

2. A semicircular pie or tart made by turning one half of a circular
crust over the other, inclosing the fruit or other materials.

3. An apprentice, in any trade, who is handed over from one master to
another to complete his time.

TURNOVER
Turn"o`ver, a.

Defn: Admitting of being turned over; made to be turned over; as, a
turnover collar, etc.

TURNPIKE
Turn"pike`, n. Etym: [Turn + pike.]

1. A frame consisting of two bars crossing each other at right angles
and turning on a post or pin, to hinder the passage of beasts, but
admitting a person to pass between the arms; a turnstile. See
Turnstile, 1.
I move upon my axle like a turnpike. B. Jonson.

2. A gate or bar set across a road to stop carriages, animals, and
sometimes people, till toll is paid for keeping the road in repair; a
tollgate.

3. A turnpike road. De Foe.

4. A winding stairway. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

5. (Mil.)

Defn: A beam filled with spikes to obstruct passage; a cheval-de-
frise. [R.] Turnpike man, a man who collects tolls at a turnpike.
 -- Turnpike road, a road on which turnpikes, or tollgates, are
established by law, in order to collect from the users tolls to
defray the cost of building, repairing, etc.

TURNPIKE
Turn"pike`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Turnpiked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Turnpiking.]

Defn: To form, as a road, in the manner of a turnpike road; into a
rounded form, as the path of a road. Knowles.

TURNPLATE
Turn"plate`, n.

Defn: A turntable.

TURN-SICK
Turn"-sick`, a.

Defn: Giddy. [Obs.] Bacon.

TURN-SICK
Turn"-sick`, n. (For.)

Defn: A disease with which sheep are sometimes affected; gid; sturdy.
See Gid.

TURNSOLE
Turn"sole`, n. Etym: [F. tournesol, It. tornasole; tornare to turn
(LL. tornare) + sole the sun, L. sol. See Turn, Solar, a., and cf.
Heliotrope.] [Written also turnsol.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) A plant of the genus Heliotropium; heliotrope; -- so named
because its flowers are supposed to turn toward the sun.
(b) The sunflower.
(c) A kind of spurge (Euphorbia Helioscopia).
(d) The euphorbiaceous plant Chrozophora tinctoria.

2. (Chem.)
(a) Litmus. [Obs.]
(b) A purple dye obtained from the plant turnsole. See def. 1 (d).

TURNSPIT
Turn"spit`, n.

1. One who turns a spit; hence, a person engaged in some menial
office.
His lordship is his majesty's turnspit. Burke.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small breed of dogs having a long body and short crooked
legs. These dogs were formerly much used for turning a spit on which
meat was roasting.

TURNSTILE
Turn"stile`, n.

1. A revolving frame in a footpath, preventing the passage of horses
or cattle, but admitting that of persons; a turnpike. See Turnpike,
n., 1.

2. A similar arrangement for registering the number of persons
passing through a gateway, doorway, or the like.

TURNSTONE
Turn"stone`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of limicoline birds of the genera Strepsilas and
Arenaria, allied to the plovers, especially the common American and
European species (Strepsilas interpres). They are so called from
their habit of turning up small stones in search of mollusks and
other aquatic animals. Called also brant bird, sand runner, sea
quail, sea lark, sparkback, and skirlcrake. Black turnstone, the
California turnstone (Arenaria melanocephala). The adult in summer is
mostly black, except some white streaks on the chest and forehead,
and two white loral spots.

TURNTABLE
Turn"ta`ble, n.

Defn: A large revolving platform, for turning railroad cars,
locomotives, etc., in a different direction; -- called also
turnplate.

TURNUS
Tur"nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Turnus, the king of the Rutuli,
mentioned in the Æneid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A common, large, handsome, American swallowtail butterfly, now
regarded as one of the forms of Papilio, or Jasoniades, glaucus. The
wings are yellow, margined and barred with black, and with an orange-
red spot near the posterior angle of the hind wings. Called also
tiger swallowtail. See Illust. under Swallowtail.

TURNVEREIN
Turn"ve*rein`, n. Etym: [G., from turnen to exercise + verein a
union.]

Defn: A company or association of gymnasts and athletes.

TURNWREST
Turn"wrest`, n.
(a) Designating a cumbersome style of plow used in England, esp. in
Kent.
(b) designating a kind of hillside plow. [Eng.] Knight.

TURONIAN
Tu*ro"ni*an, n. (Geol.)

Defn: One of the subdivisions into which the Upper Cretaceous
formation of Europe is divided.

TURPENTINE
Tur"pen*tine, n. Etym: [F. térébentine, OF. also turbentine; cf. Pr.
terebentina, terbentina, It. terebentina, trementina; fr. L.
terebinthinus of the turpentine tree, from terebinthus the turpentine
tree. Gr. Terebinth.]

Defn: A semifluid or fluid oleoresin, primarily the exudation of the
terebinth, or turpentine, tree (Pistacia Terebinthus), a native of
the Mediterranean region. It is also obtained from many coniferous
trees, especially species of pine, larch, and fir.

Note: There are many varieties of turpentine. Chian turpentine is
produced in small quantities by the turpentine tree (Pistacia
Terebinthus). Venice, Swiss, or larch turpentine, is obtained from
Larix Europæa. It is a clear, colorless balsam, having a tendency to
solidify. Canada turpentine, or Canada balsam, is the purest of all
the pine turpentines (see under Balsam). The Carpathian and Hungarian
varieties are derived from Pinus Cembra and Pinus Mugho. Carolina
turpentine, the most abundant kind, comes from the long-leaved pine
(Pinus palustris). Strasburg turpentine is from the silver fir (Abies
pectinata). Oil of turpentine (Chem.), a colorless oily hydrocarbon,
C10H16, of a pleasant aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of
crude turpentine. It is used in making varnishes, in medicine, etc.
It is the type of the terpenes and is related to cymene. Called also
terebenthene, terpene, etc.
 -- Turpentine moth (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small
tortricid moths whose larvæ eat the tender shoots of pine and fir
trees, causing an exudation of pitch or resin.
 -- Turpentine tree (Bot.), the terebinth tree, the original source
of turpentine. See Turpentine, above.

TURPENTINE STATE
Tur"pen*tine State.

Defn: North Carolina; -- a nickname alluding to its extensive
production of turpentine.

TURPETH
Tur"peth, n. Etym: [NL. turpethum, fr. Per. tirbid a cathartic,
turbad a purgative root. Cf. Turbith.] [Written also turbeth, and
turbith.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The root of Ipomoea Turpethum, a plant of Ceylon, Malabar, and
Australia, formerly used in medicine as a purgative; -- sometimes
called vegetable turpeth.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A heavy yellow powder, Hg3O2SO4, which consists of a basic
mercuric sulphate; -- called also turpeth mineral.

TURPIN
Tur"pin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A land tortoise. [Obs.]

TURPITUDE
Tur"pi*tude, n. Etym: [L. turpitudo, from turpis foul, base.]

Defn: Inherent baseness or vileness of principle, words, or actions;
shameful wickedness; depravity. Shak.

TURQUOISE; TURQUOIS
Tur*quoise", Tur*quois", n. Etym: [F. turquoise; cf. Pr. & Sp.
turquesa, It. turchese, turchina, LL. turchesius, turchina; -- so
called because first brought from Turkey. See 1st Turkey.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous phosphate of alumina containing a little copper;
calaite. It has a blue, or bluish green, color, and usually occurs in
reniform masses with a botryoidal surface. [Formerly written also
turcois, and turkois.]

Note: Turquoise is susceptible of a high polish, and when of a bright
blue color is much esteemed as a gem. The finest specimens come from
Persia. It is also found in New Mexico and Arizona, and is regarded
as identical with the chalchihuitl of the Mexicans.

TURQUOISE
Tur*quoise", a.

Defn: Having a fine light blue color, like that of choice mineral
turquoise.

TURREL
Tur"rel, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. touroul a little wooden instrument to
fasten doors or windows.]

Defn: A certain tool used by coopers. Sherwood.

TURRET
Tur"ret, n. Etym: [OE. touret, OF. tourette, dim. of tour a tower, L.
turris. See Tower.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A little tower, frequently a merely ornamental structure at one
of the angles of a larger structure.

2. (Anc. Mil.)

Defn: A movable building, of a square form, consisting of ten or even
twenty stories and sometimes one hundred and twenty cubits high,
usually moved on wheels, and employed in approaching a fortified
place, for carrying soldiers, engines, ladders, casting bridges, and
other necessaries.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A revolving tower constructed of thick iron plates, within
which cannon are mounted. Turrets are used on vessels of war and on
land.

4. (Railroads)

Defn: The elevated central portion of the roof of a passenger car.
Its sides are pierced for light and ventilation. Turret clock, a
large clock adapted for an elevated position, as in the tower of a
church.
 -- Turret head (Mach.), a vertical cylindrical revolving tool holder
for bringing different tools into action successively in a machine,
as in a lathe.
 -- Turret lathe, a turning lathe having a turret head.
 -- Turret ship, an ironclad war vessel, with low sides, on which
heavy guns are mounted within one or more iron turrets, which may be
rotated, so that the guns may be made to bear in any required
direction.

TURRET DECK
Tur"ret deck.

Defn: A narrow superstructure running from stem to stern on the upper
deck of a steam cargo vessel having a rounded gunwale and sides
curved inward convexly.

TURRETED
Tur"ret*ed, a.

1. Furnished with a turret or turrets; specifically (Zoöl.), having
the whorls somewhat flattened on the upper side and often ornamented
by spines or tubercles; -- said of certain spiral shells.

2. Formed like a tower; as, a turreted lamp. Bacon.

TURRET STEAMER
Tur"ret steam`er.

Defn: A whaleback steamer with a hatch coaming, usually about seven
feet high, extending almost continuously fore and aft.

TURRIBANT
Tur"ri*bant, n. Etym: [See Turban.]

Defn: A turban. [Obs.]
With hundred turrets like a turribant. Spenser.

TURRICAL
Tur"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a turret, or tower; resembling a tower.

TURRICULATE; TURRICULATED
Tur*ric"u*late, Tur*ric"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. turricula small tower,
turret.]

Defn: Furnished with, or formed like, a small turret or turrets;
somewhat turreted.

TURRILITE
Tur"ri*lite, n. Etym: [L. turris tower + Gr. turrilite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Any fossil ammonite of the genus Turrilites. The shell forms an
open spiral with the later whorls separate.

TURRITELLA
Tur`ri*tel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim fr. L. turris tower.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any spiral marine gastropod belonging to Turritella and allied
genera. These mollusks have an elongated, turreted shell, composed of
many whorls. They have a rounded aperture, and a horny multispiral
operculum.

TURRITELLOID
Tur`ri*tel"loid, a. Etym: [Turritella + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the turritellas.

TURTLE
Tur"tle, n. Etym: [AS. turtle, L. turtur; probably of imitative
origin. Cf. Turtle the sea tortoise.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The turtledove.

TURTLE
Tur"tle, n. Etym: [Probably the same word as the word preceding, and
substituted (probably by sailors) for the Spanish or Portuguese name;
cf. Sp. tortuga tortoise, turtle, Pg. tartaruga, also F. tortue, and
E. tortoise.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of the numerous species of Testudinata, especially a
sea turtle, or chelonian.

Note: In the United States the land and fresh-water tortoises are
also called turtles.

2. (Printing)

Defn: The curved plate in which the form is held in a type-revolving
cylinder press. Alligator turtle, Box turtle, etc. See under
Alligator, Box, etc.
 -- green turtle (Zoöl.), a marine turtle of the genus Chelonia,
having usually a smooth greenish or olive-colored shell. It is highly
valued for the delicacy of its flesh, which is used especially for
turtle soup. Two distinct species or varieties are known; one of
which (Chelonia Midas) inhabits the warm part of the Atlantic Ocean,
and sometimes weighs eight hundred pounds or more; the other (C.
virgata) inhabits the Pacific Ocean. Both species are similar in
habits and feed principally on seaweed and other marine plants,
especially the turtle grass.
 -- Turtle cowrie (Zoöl.), a large, handsome cowrie (Cypræa
testudinaria); the turtle-shell; so called because of its fancied
resemblance to a tortoise in color and form.
 -- Turtle grass (Bot.), a marine plant (Thalassia testudinum) with
grasslike leaves, common about the West Indies.
 -- Turtle shell, tortoise shell. See under Tortoise.

TURTLEBACK
Tur"tle*back`, n.

1. (Archæol.) A rude stone celt of a form suggesting the back of a
turtle.

2.  (Naut.) A convex deck at the bow or stern of a vessel, so made to
shed the seas quickly.

TURTLEDOVE
Tur"tle*dove`, n. Etym: [See 1ts Turtle.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of pigeons belonging to Turtur and
allied genera, native of various parts of the Old World; especially,
the common European species (Turtur vulgaris), which is noted for its
plaintive note, affectionate disposition, and devotion to its mate.

Note: The South African turtledove (T. albiventris), and the ashy
turtledove of India (T. rubicolus), are similar to the European
species in their habits.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of pigeons more or less resembling
the true turtledoves, as the American mourning dove (see under Dove),
and the Australian turtledove (Stictopelia cuneata).

Note: The turtledove of the Scriptures is probably Turtur risorius, a
species which is still plentiful in Egypt and other Eastern
countries. It is closely allied to the European turtledove.

TURTLE-FOOTED
Tur"tle-foot`ed, a.

Defn: Slow-footed. [R.] "Turtle-footed Peace." Ford.

TURTLEHEAD
Tur"tle*head`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An American perennial herb (Chelone glabra) having white
flowers shaped like the head of a turtle. Called also snakehead,
shell flower, and balmony.

TURTLE PEG
Tur"tle peg.

Defn: A sharp steel spear attached to a cord, used in taking sea
turtles. -- Turtle pegging.

TURTLER
Tur"tler, n.

Defn: One who catches turtles or tortoises. "The Jamaica turtlers."
Dampier.

TURTLE-SHELL
Tur"tle-shell`, n.

Defn: The turtle cowrie.

TURTLING
Tur"tling, n.

Defn: The act, practice, or art of catching turtles. Marryat.

TURVES
Turves, obs.

Defn: pl. of Turf.

TUSCAN
Tus"can, a. Etym: [L. Tyscanus, Tuscus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Tuscany in Italy; -- specifically
designating one of the five orders of architecture recognized and
described by the Italian writers of the 16th century, or
characteristic of the order. The original of this order was not used
by the Greeks, but by the Romans under the Empire. See Order, and
Illust. of Capital.

TUSCAN
Tus"can, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Tuscany.

TUSCARORAS
Tus`ca*ro"ras, n. pl.; sing. Tuscarora (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of North American Indians formerly living on the Neuse
and Tar rivers in North Carolina. They were conquered in 1713, after
which the remnant of the tribe joined the Five Nations, thus forming
the Six Nations. See Six Nations, under Six.

TUSCHE; TUSHE; TOUSCHE
Tusch"e, n. Also Tushe, Tousche, etc.[G. tusche, fr. F. toucher to
touch.]

Defn: A lithographic drawing or painting material of the same nature
as lithographic ink. It is also used as a resistant in the biting-in
process.

TUSCOR
Tus"cor, n. Etym: [See Tusk.]

Defn: A tush of a horse.

TUSH
Tush, interj.

Defn: An exclamation indicating check, rebuke, or contempt; as, tush,
tush! do not speak of it.
Tush, say they, how should God perceive it Bk. of Com. Prayer (Ps.
lxxiii. 11).

TUSH
Tush, n. Etym: [OE. tusch, AS. tusc; akin to OFries. tusk, tusch, and
probably to AS. toedh tooth. See Tooth, and cf. Tusk.]

Defn: A long, pointed tooth; a tusk; -- applied especially to certain
teeth of horses.

TUSK
Tusk, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Torsk.

TUSK
Tusk, n. Etym: [OE. tusk, the same word as tusch, AS. tusc. See Tush
a tooth.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the elongated incisor or canine teeth of the wild boar,
elephant, etc.; hence, any long, protruding tooth.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A toothshell, or Dentalium; -- called also tusk-shell.

3. (Carp.)

Defn: A projecting member like a tenon, and serving the same or a
similar purpose, but composed of several steps, or offsets. Thus, in
the illustration, a is the tusk, and each of the several parts, or
offsets, is called a tooth.

TUSK
Tusk, v. i.

Defn: To bare or gnash the teeth. [Obs.]

TUSKED
Tusked, a.

Defn: Furnished with tusks.
The tusked boar out of the wood. Milton.

TUSKER
Tusk"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An elephant having large tusks.

TUSK-SHELL
Tusk"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See 2d Tusk, n., 2.

TUSKY
Tusk"y, a.

Defn: Having tusks. "The scar indented by the tusky oar." Dryden.

TUSSAC GRASS
Tus"sac grass`.

Defn: Tussock grass.

TUSSAH; TUSSEH
Tus"sah Tus"seh (tus"sa), n. [Also tussa, tussar, tusser, tussur,
etc.] [Prob. fr. Hind. tasar a shuttle, Skr. tasara, trasara.]

Defn: An undomesticated East Indian silkworn (Antheræa mylitta), that
feeds on the leaves of the oak and other plants.

TUSSAH SILK
Tus"sah silk`. Etym: [Probably fr. Hind. tasar a shuttle, Skr.
tasara, trasara.]
(a) A silk cloth made from the cocoons of a caterpillar other than
the common silkworm, much used in Bengal and China.
(b) The silk fiber itself. [Written also tusseh silk.]

TUSSAL
Tus"sal, a. [L. tussis cough.] (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or manifested by, cough.

TUSSICULAR
Tus*sic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. tussicularis, fr. tussicula, dim. of
tussis a cough.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a cough. Dunglison.

TUSSIS
Tus"sis, n. [L.] (Med.)

Defn: A cough.

TUSSIVE
Tus"sive, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to a cough; caused by coughing.

TUSSLE
Tus"sle, v. i. & t. Etym: [See Tousle.]

Defn: To struggle, as in sport; to scuffle; to struggle with.
[Colloq.]

TUSSLE
Tus"sle, n.

Defn: A struggle; a scuffle. [Colloq.]

TUSSOCK
Tus"sock, n. Etym: [From Tuz.] [Written also tussuck.]

1. A tuft, as of grass, twigs, hair, or the like; especially, a dense
tuft or bunch of grass or sedge.
Such laying of the hair in tussocks and tufts. Latimer.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Tussock grass, below.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A caterpillar of any one of numerous species of bombycid moths.
The body of these caterpillars is covered with hairs which form long
tufts or brushes. Some species are very injurious to shade and fruit
trees. Called also tussock caterpillar. See Orgyia. Tussock grass.
(Bot.) (a) A tall, strong grass of the genus Dactylis (D. cæspitosa),
valuable for fodder, introduced into Scotland from the Falkland
Islands. (b) A tufted grass (Aira cæspitosa). (c) Any kind of sedge
(Carex) which forms dense tufts in a wet meadow or boggy place.
 -- Tussock moth (Zoöl.), the imago of any tussock caterpillar. They
belong to Orgyia, Halecidota, and allied genera.

TUSSOCKY
Tus"sock*y, a.

Defn: Having the form of tussocks; full of, or covered with,
tussocks, or tufts.

TUSSUCK
Tus"suck, n.

Defn: See Tussock. Grew.

TUT
Tut.

Defn: Be still; hush; -- an exclamation used for checking or
rebuking.

TUT
Tut, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. tut a point, pipe, tube, Dan. tut a cornet.]

1. An imperial ensign consisting of a golden globe with a cross on
it.

2. A hassock. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

TUTELAGE
Tu"te*lage, n. Etym: [L. tutela protection, fr. tutus safe, fr. tueri
to watch, defend. Cf. Tuition.]

1. The act of guarding or protecting; guardianship; protection; as,
the king's right of seigniory and tutelage.
The childhood of the European nations was passed under the tutelage
of the clergy. Macaulay.

2. The state of being under a guardian; care or protection enjoyed.
V. Knox.

TUTELAR; TUTELARY
Tu"te*lar, Tu"te*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. tutelaris: cf. F. tutélaire. See
Tutelage.]

Defn: Having the guardianship or charge of protecting a person or a
thing; guardian; protecting; as, tutelary goddesses.
This, of all advantages, is the greatest . . . the most tutelary of
morals. Landor.

TUTELE
Tu"tele, n. Etym: [L. tutela: cf. F. tutelle. See Tutelage.]

Defn: Tutelage. [Obs.] Howell.

TUTENAG
Tu"te*nag, n. Etym: [F. toutenague; cf. Pg. tutenaga, tutanaga. See
Tutty.] (Metal.)
(a) Crude zinc. [India]
(b) Packfong. [Written also tutenague.]

TUT-MOUTHED
Tut"-mouthed`, a.

Defn: Having a projecting under jaw; prognathous. [Obs.] Holland.

TUT-NOSE
Tut"-nose`, n.

Defn: A snub nose. [Prov. Eng.]

TUTOR
Tu"tor, n. Etym: [OE. tutour, L. tutor, fr. tueri to watch, defend:
cf. F. tuteur. Cf. Tuition.]

Defn: One who guards, protects, watches over, or has the care of,
some person or thing. Specifically: --
(a) A treasurer; a keeper. "Tutour of your treasure." Piers Plowman.
(b) (Civ. Law) One who has the charge of a child or pupil and his
estate; a guardian.
(c) A private or public teacher.
(d) (Eng. Universities) An officer or member of some hall, who
instructs students, and is responsible for their discipline.
(e) (Am. Colleges) An instructor of a lower rank than a professor.

TUTOR
Tu"tor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tutored; p. pr. & vb. n. Tutoring.]

1. To have the guardianship or care of; to teach; to instruct.
Their sons are well tutored by you. Shak.

2. To play the tutor toward; to treat with authority or severity.
Addison.

TUTORAGE
Tu"tor*age (; 48), n.

Defn: The office or occupation of a tutor; tutorship; guardianship.

TUTORESS
Tu"tor*ess, n.

Defn: A woman who performs the duties of a tutor; an instructress. E.
Moore.

TUTORIAL
Tu*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. tutorius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tutor; belonging to, or exercised by, a
tutor.

TUTORISM
Tu"tor*ism, n.

Defn: Tutorship. [R.]

TUTORIZE
Tu"tor*ize, v. t.

Defn: To teach; to instruct.
I . . . shall tutorize him some day. J. H. Newman.

TUTORSHIP
Tu"tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office, duty, or care of a tutor; guardianship; tutelage.
Hooker.

TUTORY
Tu"tor*y, n.

Defn: Tutorage. [Obs.] Holinshed.

TUTRESS
Tu"tress, n.

Defn: Tutoress. [Obs.] Selden.

TUTRIX
Tu"trix, n. Etym: [L. See Tutor.]

Defn: A female guardian; a tutoress. [R.] Smollett.

TUTSAN
Tut"san, n. Etym: [F. toutesaine; tout, toule, all (L. totus) + sain,
saine, sound, healthy, L. sanus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Hypericum (H. Androsoemum), from which a
healing ointment is prepared in Spain; -- called also parkleaves.

TUTTI
Tut"ti, n. pl. Etym: [It., fr. L. totus, pl. toti, all.] (Mus.)

Defn: All; -- a direction for all the singers or players to perform
together. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

TUTTI-FRUTTI
Tut"ti-frut`ti, n. [It., lit., all fruits.]

Defn: A confection of different kinds of preserved fruits. -- a.

Defn: Flavored with, or containing, various fruits.

TUTTY
Tut"ty, n. Etym: [F. tutie; cf. Sp. tutia, atutia, LL. tutia; all
from Per. tutiya.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow or brown amorphous substance obtained as a sublimation
product in the flues of smelting furnaces of zinc, and consisting of
a crude zinc oxide.

TUT-WORK
Tut"-work`, n. (Mining)

Defn: Work done by the piece, as in nonmetaliferous rock, the amount
done being usually reckoned by the fathom. Tomlinson.

TUT-WORKMAN
Tut"-work`man, n.; pl. Tut-workmen (. (Mining)

Defn: One who does tut-work. Tomlinson.

TUUM
Tu"um, n. [L.]

Defn: Lit., thine; that which is thine; -- used in meum and tuum. See
2d Meum.

TU-WHIT; TU-WHOO
Tu-whit", Tu-whoo", n. & interj.

Defn: Words imitative of the notes of the owl.
Thy tu-whits are lulled, I wot, Thy tu-whoos of yesternight.
Tennyson.

TUXEDO COAT; TUXEDO
Tux*e"do coat`, or Tux*e"do, n.

Defn: A kind of black coat for evening dress made without skirts; --
so named after a fashionable country club at Tuxedo Park, New York.
[U. S.]

TUYERE
Tu`yère", n. Etym: [F.; akin to tuyau a pipe; of Teutonic origin. Cf.
Tweer, Tewel.]

Defn: A nozzle, mouthpiece, or fixture through which the blast is
delivered to the interior of a blast furnace, or to the fire of a
forge. [Corruptly written also tweer, and twier.] Tuyère arch, the
embrasure, in the wall of a blast furnace through which the tuyère
enters.

TUZ
Tuz, n. Etym: [Cf. W. tusw a wisp, a bunch, tus that binds or wraps,
tusiaw to bind round, to wrap. Cf. Tussock.]

Defn: A lock or tuft of hair. [Obs.] Dryden.

TUZA
Tu"za, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tucan.

TWADDELL; TWADDELL'S HYDROMETER
Twad"dell, n., Twad"dell's hy*drom"e*ter. [After one Twaddell, its
inventor.]

Defn: A form of hydrometer for liquids heavier than water, graduated
with an arbitrary scale such that the readings when multiplied by
.005 and added to unity give the specific gravity.

TWADDLE
Twad"dle, v. i. & t. Etym: [See Twattle.]

Defn: To talk a weak and silly manner, like one whose faculties are
decayed; to prate; to prattle. Stanyhurst.

TWADDLE
Twad"dle, n.

Defn: Silly talk; gabble; fustian.
I have put in this chapter on fighting . . . because of the cant and
twaddle that's talked of boxing and fighting with fists now-a-days.
T. Hughes.

TWADDLER
Twad"dler, n.

Defn: One who prates in a weak and silly manner, like one whose
faculties are decayed.

TWADDLING
Twad"dling,

Defn: a. & n. from Twaddle, v.

TWADDY
Twad"dy, n.

Defn: Idle trifling; twaddle.

TWAGGER
Twag"ger, n.

Defn: A lamb. [Prov. Eng.]

TWAIN
Twain, a. & n. Etym: [OE. twein, tweien, tweyne, AS. twegen, masc.
See Two.]

Defn: Two;- nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry
and burlesque. "Children twain." Chaucer.
And whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile, go with him twain.
Matt. v. 41.
In twain, in halves; into two parts; asunder.
When old winder split the rocks in twain. Dryden.
-- Twain cloud. (Meteor.) Same as Cumulo-stratus.

TWAITE
Twaite, n. Etym: [Prov. E.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European shad; -- called also twaite shad. See Shad.

TWAITE
Twaite, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A piece of cleared ground. See Thwaite.

TWANG
Twang, n.

Defn: A tang. See Tang a state. [R.]

TWANG
Twang, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twanged; p. pr. & vb. n. Twanging.] Etym:
[Of imitative origin; cf. Tang a sharp sound, Tinkle.]

Defn: To sound with a quick, harsh noise; to make the sound of a
tense string pulled and suddenly let go; as, the bowstring twanged.

TWANG
Twang, v. t.

Defn: To make to sound, as by pulling a tense string and letting it
go suddenly.
Sounds the tough horn, and twangs the quivering string. Pope.

TWANG
Twang, n.

1. A harsh, quick sound, like that made by a stretched string when
pulled and suddenly let go; as, the twang of a bowstring.

2. An affected modulation of the voice; a kind of nasal sound.
He has such a twang in his discourse. Arbuthnot.

TWANGLE
Twan"gle, v. i. & t.

Defn: To twang.
While the twangling violin Struck up with Soldier-laddie. Tennyson.

TWANK
Twank, v. t.

Defn: To cause to make a sharp twanging sound; to twang, or twangle.
Addison.

TWANKAY
Twan"kay, n.

Defn: See Note under Tea, n., 1.

'T WAS
'T was.

Defn: A contraction of it was.

TWATTLE
Twat"tle, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Tattle, Twaddle.]

Defn: To prate; to talk much and idly; to gabble; to chatter; to
twaddle; as, a twattling gossip. L'Estrange.

TWATTLE
Twat"tle, v. t.

Defn: To make much of, as a domestic animal; to pet. [Prov. Eng.]
Grose.

TWATTLE
Twat"tle, n.

Defn: Act of prating; idle talk; twaddle.

TWATTLER
Twat"tler, n.

Defn: One who twattles; a twaddler.

TWAY
Tway, a. & n. Etym: [OE. twei. See Twain.]

Defn: Two; twain. [Obs.] Spenser.

TWAYBLADE
Tway"blade`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several orchidaceous plants which have only two
leaves, as the species of Listera and of Liparis. [Written also
twyblade.]

TWEAG
Tweag, v. t.

Defn: To tweak. [Obs.]

TWEAG; TWEAGUE
Tweag, Tweague, n.

Defn: A pinching condition; perplexity; trouble; distress. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]
This put the old fellow in a rare tweague. Arbuthnot.

TWEAK
Tweak, v. t. Etym: [OE. twikken, originally the same word as
twicchen; cf. LG. twikken. See Twitch.]

Defn: To pinch and pull with a sudden jerk and twist; to twitch; as,
to tweak the nose. Shak.

TWEAK
Tweak, n.

1. A sharp pinch or jerk; a twist or twitch; as, a tweak of the nose.
Swift.

2. Trouble; distress; tweag. [Obs.]

3. A prostitute. [Obs.] Brathwait.

TWEED
Tweed, n. Etym: [Probably a corruption of twills. See Twill.]

Defn: A soft and flexible fabric for men's wear, made wholly of wool
except in some inferior kinds, the wool being dyed, usually in two
colors, before weaving.

TWEEDLE
Twee"dle, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Twiddle.] [Written also twidle.]

1. To handle lightly; -- said with reference to awkward fiddling;
hence, to influence as if by fiddling; to coax; to allure.
A fiddler brought in with him a body of lusty young fellows, whom he
had tweedled into the service. Addison.

2. To twist. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

TWEEDLEDUM AND TWEEDLEDEE
Twee"dle*dum` and Twee"dle*dee`.

Defn: Two things practically alike; -- a phrase coined by John Byrom
(1692-1793) in his satire "On the Feuds between Handel and
Bononcini."

TWEEL
Tweel, n. & v.

Defn: See Twill.

TWEER
Tweer, n.

Defn: Same as Tuyère.

TWEESE; TWEEZE
Tweese, Tweeze, n. Etym: [OE. tweeze, tweese, fr. F. étuis, pl. of
étui a case, sheath, box; probably of Teutonic origin; cf. MNG.
stuche a wide sleeve in which articles could be carried, OHG. stuhha,
G. stauche a short and narrow muff. Cf Etui, Tweezers.]

Defn: A surgeon's case of instruments. Howell.

TWEEZERS
Twee"zers, n. pl. Etym: [See Tweese.]

Defn: Small pinchers used to pluck out hairs, and for other purposes.

TWELFTH
Twelfth, a. Etym: [For twelft, OE. twelfte, AS. twelfta. See Twelve.]

1. Next in order after the eleventh; coming after eleven others; --
the ordinal of twelve.

2. Consisting, or being one of, twelve equal parts into which
anything is divided.

TWELFTH
Twelfth, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by twelve; one of twelve equal
parts of one whole.

2. The next in order after the eleventh.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: An interval comprising an octave and a fifth.

TWELFTH-CAKE
Twelfth" -- cake`, n.

Defn: An ornamented cake distributed among friends or visitors on the
festival of Twelfth-night.

TWELFTH-DAY
Twelfth"-day`, n.

Defn: See Twelfthtide.

TWELFTH-NIGHT
Twelfth"-night`, n.

Defn: The evening of Epiphany, or the twelfth day after Christmas,
observed as a festival by various churches.

TWELFTH-SECOND
Twelfth"-sec`ond, n. (Physics)

Defn: A unit for the measurement of small intervals of time, such
that 1012 (ten trillion) of these units make one second.

TWELFTHTIDE
Twelfth"tide`, n.

Defn: The twelfth day after Christmas; Epiphany; -- called also
Twelfth-day.

TWELVE
Twelve, a. Etym: [OE. twelve, twelf, AS. twelf; akin to OFries.
twelf, twelef, twilif, OS. twelif, D. twaalf, G. zwölf, OHG. zwelif,
Icel. t, Sw. tolf, Dan. tolv, Goth. twalif, from the root of E. two +
the same element as in the second part of E. eleven. See Two, and
Eleven.]

Defn: One more that eleven; two and ten; twice six; a dozen. Twelve-
men's morris. See the Note under Morris.
 -- Twelve Tables. (Rom. Antiq.) See under Table.

TWELVE
Twelve, n.

1. The number next following eleven; the sum of ten and two, or of
twice six; twelve units or objects; a dozen.

2. A symbol representing twelve units, as 12, or xii. The Twelve
(Script.), the twelve apostles. Matt. xxvi. 20.

TWELVEMO
Twelve"mo, a. & n.

Defn: See Duodecimo.

TWELVEMONTH
Twelve"month, n.

Defn: A year which consists of twelve calendar months.
I shall laugh at this a twelvemonth hence. Shak.

TWELVEPENCE
Twelve"pence, n.

Defn: A shilling sterling, being about twenty-four cents.

TWELVEPENNY
Twelve"pen*ny

Defn: , Sold for a shilling; worth or costing a shilling.

TWELVESCORE
Twelve"score`, n. & a.

Defn: Twelve times twenty; two hundred and forty.

TWENTIETH
Twen"ti*eth, a. Etym: [From Twenty; cf. AS. twentigo. See Twenty.]

1. Next in order after the nineteenth; tenth after the tenth; coming
after nineteen others; -- the ordinal of twenty.

2. Consisting, or being, one of twenty equal parts into which
anything is divided.

TWENTIETH
Twen"ti*eth, n.

1. The next in order after the nineteen; one coming after nineteen
others.

2. The quotient of a unit divided by twenty; one of twenty equal
parts of one whole.

TWENTY
Twen"ty, a. Etym: [OE. twenty, AS. tw, twentig; akin to OFris.
twintich, OS. tw, D. & LG. twintig, OHG. zweinzug, G. zwanzig, Goth.
twai tigjis; that is, two tens. See Twain, Two, and Ten.]

1. One more that nineteen; twice; as, twenty men.

2. An indefinite number more or less that twenty. Shak.
Maximilian, upon twenty respects, could not have been the man. Bacon.

TWENTY
Twen"ty, n.; pl. Twenties (.

1. The number next following nineteen; the sum of twelve and eight,
or twice ten; twenty units or objects; a score.

2. A symbol representing twenty units, as 20, or xx.

TWENTYFOLD
Twen"ty*fold`, a.

Defn: Twenty times as many.

TWENTY-FOURMO
Twen`ty-four"mo, a.

Defn: Having twenty-four leaves to a sheet; as, a twenty-fourmo form,
book, leaf, size, etc.
 -- n.

Defn: A book composed of sheets, each of which is folded into twenty-
four leaves; hence, indicating more or less definitely a size of book
whose sheets are so folded; -- usually written 24mo, or 24º.

TWEY
Twey, a. Etym: [See Two.]

Defn: Two. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TWEYFOLD
Twey"fold`, a.

Defn: Twofold. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TWIBIL
Twi"bil, n. Etym: [AS. twibill; twi- (in comp.) two + bill, bil, an
ax hoe, bill. See Twice, and Bill a cutting instrument.]

1. A kind of mattock, or ax; esp., a tool like a pickax, but having,
instead of the points, flat terminations, one of which is parallel to
the handle, the other perpendicular to it. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A tool for making mortises. [Obs.]

3. A reaping hook.

TWIBILLED
Twi"billed, a.

Defn: Armed or provided with a twibil or twibils.

TWICE
Twice, adv. Etym: [OE. twies (where the s is the adverbial ending;
see -wards), twie, AS. twiges, twiwa; akin to twi- (in comp.) two, G.
zwie-, OHG. zwi-, Icel. tvi-, L. bi-, Gr. dvi-, and E. two. See Two.]

1. Two times; once and again.
He twice essayed to cast his son in gold. Dryden.

2. Doubly; in twofold quantity or degree; as, twice the sum; he is
twice as fortunate as his neighbor.

Note: Twice is used in the formation of compounds, mostly self-
explaining; as, twice-horn, twice-conquered, twice-planted, twice-
told, and the like.

TWIDDLE
Twid"dle, v. t. Etym: [Probably of imitative origin. Cf. Tweedle.]

Defn: To touch lightly, or play with; to tweedle; to twirl; as, to
twiddle one's thumbs; to twiddle a watch key. [Written also twidle.]
Thackeray.

TWIDDLE
Twid"dle, v. i.

Defn: To play with anything; hence, to be busy about trifles.
Halliwell.

TWIDDLE
Twid"dle, n.

1. A slight twist with the fingers.

2. A pimple. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

TWIFALLOW
Twi"fal`low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twifallowed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Twifallowing.] Etym: [AS. twi- (see Twice) two + fallow.]

Defn: To plow, or fallow, a second time (land that has been once
fallowed).

TWIFOLD
Twi"fold`, a. Etym: [AS. twifeadld. See Twice, and cf. Twofold.]

Defn: Twofold; double. [Obs.]

TWIG
Twig, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twigged; p. pr. & vb. n. Twigging.] Etym:
[Cf. Tweak.]

Defn: To twitch; to pull; to tweak. [Obs. or Scot.]

TWIG
Twig, v. t. Etym: [Gael. tuig, or Ir. tuigim I understand.]

1. To understand the meaning of; to comprehend; as, do you twig me
[Colloq.] Marryat.

2. To observe slyly; also, to perceive; to discover. "Now twig him;
now mind him." Foote.
As if he were looking right into your eyes and twigged something
there which you had half a mind to conceal. Hawthorne.

TWIG
Twig, n. Etym: [AS. twig; akin to D. twijg, OHG. zwig, zwi, G. zweig,
and probably to E. two.]

Defn: A small shoot or branch of a tree or other plant, of no
definite length or size.
The Britons had boats made of willow twigs, covered on the outside
with hides. Sir T. Raleigh.
Twig borer (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small beetles which
bore into twigs of shrubs and trees, as the apple-tree twig borer
(Amphicerus bicaudatus).
 -- Twig girdler. (Zoöl.) See Girdler, 3.
 -- Twig rush (Bot.), any rushlike plant of the genus Cladium having
hard, and sometimes prickly-edged, leaves or stalks. See Saw grass,
under Saw.

TWIG
Twig, v. t.

Defn: To beat with twigs.

TWIGGEN
Twig"gen, a.

Defn: Made of twigs; wicker. [Obs.]

TWIGGER
Twig"ger, n.

Defn: A fornicator. [Eng.] Halliwell.

TWIGGY
Twig"gy, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a twig or twigs; like a twig or twigs; full
of twigs; abounding with shoots. " Twiggy trees." Evelyn.

TWIGHT
Twight, v. t.

Defn: To twit. [Obs.] Spenser.

TWIGHT
Twight, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Twitch. Chaucer.

TWIGHTE
Twight"e, obs.

Defn: imp. of Twitch. Chaucer.

TWIGLESS
Twig"less, a.

Defn: Having no twigs.

TWIGSOME
Twig"some, a.

Defn: Full of, or abounding in, twigs; twiggy. [R.] " Twigsome
trees." Dickens.

TWILIGHT
Twi"light`, n. Etym: [OE. twilight, AS. twi- (see Twice) + leóht
light; hence the sense of doubtful or half light; cf. LG. twelecht,
G. zwielicht. See Light.]

1. The light perceived before the rising, and after the setting, of
the sun, or when the sun is less than 18º below the horizon,
occasioned by the illumination of the earth's atmosphere by the
direct rays of the sun and their reflection on the earth.

2. faint light; a dubious or uncertain medium through which anything
is viewed.
As when the sun . . . from behind the moon, In dim eclipse.
disastrous twilight sheds. Milton.
The twilight of probability. Locke.

TWILIGHT
Twi"light`, a.

1. Seen or done by twilight. Milton.

2. Imperfectly illuminated; shaded; obscure.
O'er the twilight groves and dusky caves. Pope.

TWILL
Twill, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Twilling.] Etym:
[Scotch tweel; probably from LG. twillen to make double, from twi-
two; akin to AS. twi-, E. twi- in twilight. See Twice, and cf. Tweed,
Tweel.]

Defn: To weave, as cloth, so as to produce the appearance of diagonal
lines or ribs on the surface.

TWILL
Twill, n. Etym: [Scotch tweel. See Twill, v. t.]

1. An appearance of diagonal lines or ribs produced in textile
fabrics by causing the weft threads to pass over one and under two,
or over one and under three or more, warp threads, instead of over
one and under the next in regular succession, as in plain weaving.

2. A fabric women with a twill.

3. Etym: [Perhaps fr. guill.]

Defn: A quill, or spool, for yarn.

TWILLY
Twil"ly, n. Etym: [C. Willy.]

Defn: A machine for cleansing or loosening wool by the action of a
revolving cylinder covered with long iron spikes or teeth; a willy or
willying machine; -- called also twilly devil, and devil. See Devil,
n., 6, and Willy. Tomlinson.

TWILT
Twilt, n. Etym: [See Quilt.]

Defn: A quilt. [Prov. Eng.]

TWIN
Twin, a. Etym: [OE. twin double, AS. getwinne two and two, pl.,
twins; akin to D. tweeling a twin, G. zwilling, OHG. zwiniling, Icel.
tvennr, tvinnr, two and two, twin, and to AS. twi- two. See Twice,
Two.]

1. Being one of two born at a birth; as, a twin brother or sister.

2. Being one of a pair much resembling one another; standing the
relation of a twin to something else; -- often followed by to or
with. Shak.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Double; consisting of two similar and corresponding parts.

4. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Composed of parts united according to some definite law of
twinning. See Twin, n., 4. Twin boat, or Twin ship (Naut.), a vessel
whose deck and upper works rest on two parallel hulls.
 -- Twin crystal. See Twin, n., 4.
 -- Twin flower (Bot.), a delicate evergreen plant (Linnæa borealis)
of northern climates, which has pretty, fragrant, pendulous flowers
borne in pairs on a slender stalk.
 -- Twin-screw steamer, a steam vessel propelled by two screws, one
on either side of the plane of the keel.

TWIN
Twin, n.

1. One of two produced at a birth, especially by an animal that
ordinarily brings forth but one at a birth; -- used chiefly in the
plural, and applied to the young of beasts as well as to human young.

2. pl. (Astron.)

Defn: A sign and constellation of the zodiac; Gemini. See Gemini.

3. A person or thing that closely resembles another.

4. (Crystallog.)

Defn: A compound crystal composed of two or more crystals, or parts
of crystals, in reversed position with reference to each other.

Note: The relative position of the parts of a twin may be explained
by supposing one part to be revolved 180º about a certain axis
(called the twinning axis), this axis being normal to a plane (called
the twinning plane) which is usually one of the fundamental planes of
the crystal. This revolution brings the two parts into parallel
position, or vice versa. A contact twin is one in which the parts are
united by a plane surface, called the composition face, which is
usually the same as the twinning plane. A penetration twin is one in
which the parts interpenetrate each other, often very irregularly.
Twins are also called, according to form, cruciform, geniculated,
etc.

TWIN
Twin, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twinned; p. pr. & vb. n. Twinning.]

1. To bring forth twins. Tusser.

2. To be born at the same birth. Shak.

TWIN
Twin, v. t.

1. To cause to be twins, or like twins in any way. Shak.
Still we moved Together, twinned, as horse's ear and eye. Tennyson.

2. To separate into two parts; to part; to divide; hence, to remove;
also, to strip; to rob. [Obs.]
The life out of her body for to twin. Chaucer.

TWIN
Twin, v. i.

Defn: To depart from a place or thing. [Obs.] "Ere that we farther
twin." Chaucer.

TWINBORN
Twin"born`, a.

Defn: Born at the same birth.

TWINE
Twine, n. Etym: [AS. twin, properly, a twisted or double thread; akin
to D. twijn, Icel. twinni; from twi-. See Twice, and cf. Twin.]

1. A twist; a convolution.
Typhon huge, ending in snaky twine. Milton.

2. A strong thread composed of two or three smaller threads or
strands twisted together, and used for various purposes, as for
binding small parcels, making nets, and the like; a small cord or
string.

3. The act of twining or winding round. J. Philips. Twine reeler, a
kind of machine for twisting twine; a kind of mule, or spinning
machine.

TWINE
Twine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twined; p. pr. & vb. n. Twining.] Etym:
[OE. twinen, fr. AS. twin a twisted thread; akin to D. twijnen to
twine, Icel. & Sw. tvinna, Dan. tvinde. See Twine, n.]

1. To twist together; to form by twisting or winding of threads; to
wreathe; as, fine twined linen.

2. To wind, as one thread around another, or as any flexible
substance around another body.
Let me twine Mine arms about that body. Shak.

3. To wind about; to embrace; to entwine.
Let wreaths of triumph now my temples twine. Pope.

4. To change the direction of. [Obs.] Fairfax.

5. To mingle; to mix. [Obs.] Crashaw.

TWINE
Twine, v. i.

1. To mutually twist together; to become mutually involved.

2. To wind; to bend; to make turns; to meander.
As rivers, though they bend and twine, Still to the sea their course
incline. Swift.

3. To turn round; to revolve. [Obs.] Chapman.

4. To ascend in spiral lines about a support; to climb spirally; as,
many plants twine.

TWINER
Twin"er, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant which twines about a support.

TWINGE
Twinge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twinged; p. pr. & vb. n. Twinging.] Etym:
[OE. twengen, AS. twengan; akin to OE. twingen to pain, afflict,
OFries. thwinga, twinga, dwinga, to constrain, D. dwingen, OS.
thwingan, G. zwingen, OHG. dwingan, thwingan, to press, oppress,
overcome, Icel. þvinga, Sw. tvinga to subdue, constrain, Dan. twinge,
and AS. þün to press, OHG. duhen, and probably to E. thong. Perhaps
influenced by twitch. Cf. Thong.]

1. To pull with a twitch; to pinch; to tweak.
When a man is past his sense, There's no way to reduce him thence,
But twinging him by the ears or nose, Or laying on of heavy blows.
Hudibras.

2. To affect with a sharp, sudden pain; to torment with pinching or
sharp pains.
The gnat . . . twinged him [the lion] till he made him tear himself,
and so mastered him. L'Estrange.

TWINGE
Twinge, v. i.

Defn: To have a sudden, sharp, local pain, like a twitch; to suffer a
keen, darting, or shooting pain; as, the side twinges.

TWINGE
Twinge, n.

1. A pinch; a tweak; a twitch.
A master that gives you . . . twinges by the ears. L' Estrange.

2. A sudden sharp pain; a darting local pain of momentary
continuance; as, a twinge in the arm or side. " A twinge for my own
sin." Dryden.

TWINING
Twin"ing, a.

Defn: Winding around something; twisting; embracing; climbing by
winding about a support; as, the hop is a twinning plant.

TWINING
Twin"ing, a.

Defn: The act of one who, or that which, twines; (Bot.) the act of
climbing spirally.

TWINK
Twink, v. i. Etym: [OE. twinken. See Twinkle.]

Defn: To twinkle. [Obs.]

TWINK
Twink, n.

1. A wink; a twinkling. [Obs.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chaffinch. [Prov. Eng.]

TWINKLE
Twin"kle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twinkled; p. pr. & vb. n. Twinkling.]
Etym: [OE. twinklen, AS. twinclian; akin to OE. twinken to blink,
wink, G. zwinken, zwinkern, and perhaps to E. twitch.]

1. To open and shut the eye rapidly; to blink; to wink.
The owl fell a moping and twinkling. L' Estrange.

2. To shine with an intermitted or a broken, quavering light; to
flash at intervals; to sparkle; to scintillate.
These stars not twinkle when viewed through telescopes that have
large apertures. Sir I. Newton.
The western sky twinkled with stars. Sir W. Scott.

TWINKLE
Twin"kle, n.

1. A closing or opening, or a quick motion, of the eye; a wink or
sparkle of the eye.
Suddenly, with twinkle of her eye, The damsel broke his misintended
dart. Spenser.

2. A brief flash or gleam, esp. when rapidly repeated.

3. The time of a wink; a twinkling. Dryden.

TWINKLER
Twin"kler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, twinkles, or winks; a winker; an eye.

TWINKLING
Twin"kling, n.

1. The act of one who, or of that which, twinkles; a quick movement
of the eye; a wink; a twinkle. Holland.

2. A shining with intermitted light; a scintillation; a sparkling;
as, the twinkling of the stars.

3. The time of a wink; a moment; an instant.
In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump, . . . the
dead shall be raised incorruptible. 1 Cor. xv. 52.

TWINLEAF
Twin"leaf`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Jeffersonia.

TWINLIKE
Twin"like`, a.

Defn: Closely resembling; being a counterpart.
 -- Twin"like`ness, n.

TWINLING
Twin"ling, n. Etym: [Twin + 1st -ling.]

Defn: A young or little twin, especially a twin lamb.

TWINNED
Twinned, a. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Composed of parts united according to a law of twinning. See
Twin, n., 4.

TWINNER
Twin"ner, n.

Defn: One who gives birth to twins; a breeder of twins. Tusser.

TWINNING
Twin"ning, n. (Crystallog.)

Defn: The assemblage of two or more crystals, or parts of crystals,
in reversed position with reference to each other in accordance with
some definite law; also, rarely, in artificial twinning (accomplished
for example by pressure), the process by which this reversal is
brought about. Polysynthetic twinning, repeated twinning of crystal
lamellæ, as that of the triclinic feldspars.
 -- Repeated twinning, twinning of more than two crystals, or parts
of crystals.
 -- Twinning axis, Twinning plane. See the Note under Twin, n.

TWINTER
Twin"ter, n. Etym: [AS. twi- + winter winter. See Twice, and Winter.]

Defn: A domestic animal two winters old. [Prov. Eng.]

TWIRE
Twire, n. Etym: [Cf. D. tweern, G. zwirn, and E. twine.]

Defn: A twisted filament; a thread. [Obs.] Locke.

TWIRE
Twire, v. i. Etym: [Cf. MHG. zwieren, E. thwart, and queer.]

1. To peep; to glance obliquely; to leer. [Obs.]
Which maids will twire 'tween their fingers. B. Jonson.
I saw the wench that twired and twinkled at thee. Beau. & Fl.

2. To twinkle; to glance; to gleam. [Obs.]
When sparkling stars twire not. Shak.

TWIRE
Twire, v. i.

Defn: To sing, or twitter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TWIRE-PIPE
Twire"-pipe`, n.

Defn: A vagabond musician. [Obs.]
You are an ass, a twire-pipe. Beau. & Fl.
You looked like Twire-pipe, the taborer. Chapman.

TWIRL
Twirl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twirled; p. pr. & vb. n. Twirling.] Etym:
[Cf. AS. þwiril a churn staff, a stirrer, flail, þweran, aþweran, to
agitate, twirl, G. zwirlen, quirlen, to twirl, to turn round or
about, quirl a twirling stick, OHG. dweran to twirl, stir. Cf.
Trowel.]

Defn: To move or turn round rapidly; to whirl round; to move and turn
rapidly with the fingers.
See ruddy maids, Some taught with dexterous hand to twirl the wheel.
Dodsley.
No more beneath soft eve's consenting star Fandango twirls his jocund
castanet. Byron.

TWIRL
Twirl, v. i.

Defn: To revolve with velocity; to be whirled round rapidly.

TWIRL
Twirl, n.

1. The act of twirling; a rapid circular motion; a whirl or whirling;
quick rotation.

2. A twist; a convolution. Woodward.

TWIST
Twist, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Twisting.] Etym:
[OE. twisten, AS. twist a rope, as made of two (twisted) strands, fr.
twi- two; akin to D. twist a quarrel, dissension, G. zwist, Dan. &
Sw. tvist, Icel. twistr the deuce in cards, tvistr distressed. See
Twice, Two.]

1. To contort; to writhe; to complicate; to crook spirally; to
convolve.
Twist it into a serpentine form. Pope.

2. Hence, to turn from the true form or meaning; to pervert; as, to
twist a passage cited from an author.

3. To distort, as a solid body, by turning one part relatively to
another about an axis passing through both; to subject to torsion;
as, to twist a shaft.

4. To wreathe; to wind; to encircle; to unite by intertexture of
parts. "Longing to twist bays with that ivy." Waller.
There are pillars of smoke twisted about wreaths of flame. T. Burnet.

5. To wind into; to insinuate; -- used reflexively; as, avarice
twists itself into all human concerns.

6. To unite by winding one thread, strand, or other flexible
substance, round another; to form by convolution, or winding separate
things round each other; as, to twist yarn or thread. Shak.

7. Hence, to form as if by winding one part around another; to
wreathe; to make up.
Was it not to this end That thou began'st to twist so fine a story
Shak.

8. To form into a thread from many fine filaments; as, to twist wool
or cotton.

TWIST
Twist, v. i.

1. To be contorted; to writhe; to be distorted by torsion; to be
united by winding round each other; to be or become twisted; as, some
strands will twist more easily than others.

2. To follow a helical or spiral course; to be in the form of a
helix.

TWIST
Twist, n.

1. The act of twisting; a contortion; a flexure; a convolution; a
bending.
Not the least turn or twist in the fibers of any one animal which
does not render them more proper for that particular animal's way of
life than any other cast or texture. Addison.

2. The form given in twisting.
[He] shrunk at first sight of it; he found fault with the length, the
thickness, and the twist. Arbuthnot.

3. That which is formed by twisting, convoluting, or uniting parts.
Specifically: --
(a) A cord, thread, or anything flexible, formed by winding strands
or separate things round each other.
(b) A kind of closely twisted, strong sewing silk, used by tailors,
saddlers, and the like.
(c) A kind of cotton yarn, of several varieties.
(d) A roll of twisted dough, baked.
(e) A little twisted roll of tobacco.
(f) (Weaving) One of the threads of a warp, -- usually more tightly
twisted than the filling. (g) (Firearms)

Defn: A material for gun barrels, consisting of iron and steel
twisted and welded together; as, Damascus twist.
(h) (Firearms & Ord.) The spiral course of the rifling of a gun
barrel or a cannon.
(i) A beverage made of brandy and gin. [Slang]

4. Etym: [OE.; -- so called as being a two-forked branch. See Twist,
v. t.]

Defn: A twig. [Obs.] Chaucer. Fairfax. Gain twist, or Gaining twist
(Firearms), twist of which the pitch is less, and the inclination
greater, at the muzzle than at the breech.
 -- Twist drill, a drill the body of which is twisted like that of an
auger. See Illust. of Drill.
 -- Uniform twist (Firearms), a twist of which the spiral course has
an equal pitch throughout.

TWISTE
Twist"e, obs.

Defn: imp. of Twist. Chaucer.

TWISTED
Twist"ed, a.

Defn: Contorted; crooked spirally; subjected to torsion; hence,
perverted. Twisted curve (Geom.), a curve of double curvature. See
Plane curve, under Curve.
 -- Twisted surface (Geom.), a surface described by a straight line
moving according to any law whatever, yet so that the consecutive
positions of the line shall not be in one plane; a warped surface.

TWISTER
Twist"er, n.

1. One who twists; specifically, the person whose occupation is to
twist or join the threads of one warp to those of another, in
weaving.

2. The instrument used in twisting, or making twists.
He, twirling his twister, makes a twist of the twine. Wallis.

3. (Carp.)

Defn: A girder. Craig.

4. (Man.)

Defn: The inner part of the thigh, the proper place to rest upon when
on horseback. Craig.

TWISTICAL
Twist"ic*al, a.

Defn: Crooked; tortuous; hence, perverse; unfair; dishonest. [Slang,
U. S.] Bartlett.

TWISTING
Twist"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Twist. Twisting pair. (Kinematics) See under Pair,
n., 7.

TWIT
Twit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Twitting.] Etym:
[OE. atwiten, AS. ætwitan to reproach, blame; æt at + witan to
reproach, blame; originally, to observe, see, hence, to observe what
is wrong (cf. the meanings of E. animadvert; akin to G. verweisen to
censure, OHG. firwizan, Goth. traweitan to avenge, L. videre to see.
See Vision, Wit.]

Defn: To vex by bringing to notice, or reminding of, a fault, defect,
misfortune, or the like; to revile; to reproach; to upbraid; to
taunt; as, he twitted his friend of falsehood.
This these scoffers twitted the Christian with. Tillotson.
Æsop minds men of their errors, without twitting them for what is
amiss. L'Estrange.

TWITCH
Twitch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twitched; p. pr. & vb. n. Twitching.]
Etym: [OE. twicchen, fr. (doubtful) AS. twiccian; akin to AS.
angeltwicca a worm used for bait, literally, a hook twitcher, LG.
twikken to tweak, G. zwicken. Cf. Tweak.]

Defn: To pull with a sudden jerk; to pluck with a short, quick
motion; to snatch; as, to twitch one by the sleeve; to twitch a thing
out of another's hand; to twitch off clusters of grapes.
Thrice they twitched the diamond in her ear. Pope.

TWITCH
Twitch, n.

1. The act of twitching; a pull with a jerk; a short, sudden, quick
pull; as, a twitch by the sleeve.

2. A short, spastic contraction of the fibers or muscles; a simple
muscular contraction; as, convulsive twitches; a twitch in the side.

3. (Far.)

Defn: A stick with a hole in one end through which passes a loop,
which can be drawn tightly over the upper lip or an ear of a horse.
By twisting the stick the compression is made sufficiently painful to
keep the animal quiet during a slight surgical operation. J. H.
Walsh.

TWITCHER
Twitch"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, twitches.

TWITCH GRASS
Twitch" grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: See Quitch grass.

TWITE
Twite, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The European tree sparrow.
(b) The mountain linnet (Linota flavirostris). [Prov. Eng.]

TWITLARK
Twit"lark`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The meadow pipit. [Prov. Eng.]

TWITTER
Twit"ter, n. Etym: [From Twit.]

Defn: One who twits, or reproaches; an upbraider.

TWITTER
Twit"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twittered; p. pr. & vb. n. Twittering.]
Etym: [OE. twiteren; of imitative origin; cf. G. zwitschern, OHG.
zwizzir, D. kwetteren, Sw. qwitra, Dan. quiddre. Cf. Titter.]

1. To make a succession of small, tremulous, intermitted noises.
The swallow twittering from the straw-built shed. Gray.

2. To make the sound of a half-suppressed laugh; to titter; to
giggle. J. Fletcher.

3. Etym: [Perhaps influenced by twitch.]

Defn: To have a slight trembling of the nerves; to be excited or
agitated.

TWITTER
Twit"ter, v. t.

Defn: To utter with a twitter. Cowper.

TWITTER
Twit"ter, n.

1. The act of twittering; a small, tremulous, intermitted noise, as
that made by a swallow.

2. A half-suppressed laugh; a fit of laughter partially restrained; a
titter; a giggle. Hudibras.

3. A slight trembling or agitation of the nerves.

TWITTERING
Twit"ter*ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, twitters.

2. A slight nervous excitement or agitation, such as is caused by
desire, expectation, or suspense.
A widow, who had a twittering towards a second husband, took a
gossiping companion to manage the job. L'Estrange.

TWITTINGLY
Twit"ting*ly, adv.

Defn: In a twitting manner; with upbraiding.

TWITTLE-TWATTLE
Twit"tle-twat`tle, n. Etym: [See Twattle.]

Defn: Tattle; gabble. L'Estrange.

'TWIXT
'Twixt.

Defn: An abbreviation of Betwixt, used in poetry, or in colloquial
language.

'TWIXT-BRAIN
'Twixt"-brain`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The thalamen

TWO
Two, a. Etym: [OE. two, twa, properly fem. & neut., twei, twein,
tweien, properly masc. (whence E. twain), AS. twa, fem. & neut., tw,
masc., t, neut.; akin to OFries. tw, masc., twa, fem. & neut., OS.
tw, masc., twa, fem., tw, neut., D. twee, OHG. zw, zw, zwei, G. zwei,
Icel. tveir, tvær, tvau, Sw. två, Dan. to, Goth. twai, tw, twa; Lith.
du, Russ. dva, Ir. & Gael. da, W. dau, dwy, L. duo, Gr. dva. Balance,
Barouche, Between, Bi-, Combine, Deuce two in cards, Double, Doubt,
Dozen, Dual, Duet, Dyad, Twain, Twelve, Twenty, Twice, Twilight,
Twig, Twine, n., Twist.]

Defn: One and one; twice one. "Two great lights." Gen. i. 16. "Two
black clouds." Milton.

Note: Two is often joined with other words, forming compounds
signifying divided into, consisting of, or having, two parts,
divisions, organs, or the like; as two-bladed, two-celled, two-eared,
two-flowered, twohand, two-headed, two-horse, two-leafed or two-
leaved, two-legged, two-lobed, two-masted, two-named, two-part, two-
petaled, two-pronged, two-seeded, two-sided, two-story, two-stringed,
two-foothed, two-valved, two-winged, and the like. One or two, a
phrase often used indefinitely for a small number.

TWO
Two, n.

1. The sum of one; the number next greater than one, and next less
than three; two units or objects.

2. A symbol representing two units, as 2, II., or ii. In two,
asunder; into parts; in halves; in twain; as, cut in two.

TWO-CAPSULED
Two"-cap`suled, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having two distinct capsules; bicapsular.

TWO-CLEFT
Two"-cleft`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Divided about half way from the border to the base into two
segments; bifid.

TWO-CYCLE
Two"-cy`cle, n. (Thermodynamics)

Defn: A two-stroke cycle for an internal-combustion engine. --Two"-
cy`cle, a.

TWO-DECKER
Two"-deck`er, n.

Defn: A vessel of war carrying guns on two decks.

TWO-EDGED
Two"-edged`, a.

Defn: Having two edges, or edges on both sides; as, a two-edged
sword.

TWOFOLD
Two"fold`, a. Etym: [Cf. Twifold.]

Defn: Double; duplicate; multiplied by two; as, a twofold nature; a
twofold sense; a twofold argument.

TWOFOLD
Two"fold`, adv.

Defn: In a double degree; doubly.

TWO-FOOT
Two"-foot`, a.

Defn: Measuring two feet; two feet long, thick, or wide; as, a two-
foot rule.

TWO-FORKED
Two"-forked`, a.

Defn: Divided into two parts, somewhat after the manner of a fork;
dichotomous.

TWO-HAND
Two"-hand`, a.

Defn: Employing two hangs; as, the two-hand alphabet. See
Dactylology.

TWO-HANDED
Two"-hand`ed, a.

1. Having two hands; -- often used as an epithet equivalent to large,
stout, strong, or powerful. "Two-handed sway." Milton.

2. Used with both hands; as, a two-nanded sword.
That two-handed engine [the sword]. Milton.

3. Using either hand equally well; ambidextrous.

TWO-LIPPED
Two"-lipped`, a.

1. Having two lips.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Divided in such a manner as to resemble the two lips when the
mouth is more or less open; bilabiate.

TWO-NAME
Two"-name`, a. (Banking)

Defn: Having or bearing two names; as, two-name paper, that is,
negotiable paper on which at least two persons are severally liable
as separate makers, or, usually, one as maker and one as indorser.
[Colloq.]

TWO-PARTED
Two"-part`ed, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Divided from the border to the base into two distinct parts;
bipartite.

TWO-PARTED
Two"-part`ed, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Divided from the border to the base into two distinct parts;
bipartite.

TWOPENCE
Two"pence, n.

Defn: A small coin, and money of account, in England, equivalent to
two pennies, -- minted to a fixed annual amount, for almsgiving by
the sovereign on Maundy Thursday.

TWOPENNY
Two"pen*ny, a.

Defn: Of the value of twopence.

TWO-PHASE; TWO-PHASER
Two"-phase`, a., Two"-phas`er, n. (Elec.)

Defn: Same as Diphase, Diphaser.

TWO-PLY
Two"-ply`, a.

1. Consisting of two thicknesses, as cloth; double.

2. Woven double, as cloth or carpeting, by incorporating two sets of
warp thread and two of weft.

TWO-PORT
Two"-port`, a.

Defn: Having two ports; specif.: Designating a type of two-cycle
internal-combustion engine in which the admission of the mixture to
the crank case is through a suction valve.

TWO-RANKED
Two"-ranked`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Alternately disposed on exactly opposite sides of the stem so
as to from two ranks; distichous.

TWO-SIDED
Two"-sid`ed, a.

1. Having two sides only; hence, double-faced; hypocritical.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Symmetrical.

TWO-SPEED
Two"-speed`, a.

Defn: Adapted for producing or for receiving either of two speeds; --
said of a power-transmitting device.

TWO-STEP
Two"-step`, n.

Defn: A kind of round dance in march or polka time; also, a piece of
music for this dance. [U. S.]

TWO-THROW
Two"-throw`, a. (Mach.)
 (a) Capable of being thrown or cranked in two directions, usually
opposite to one another; as, a two-throw crank; a two-throw switch.
 (b) Having two crank set near together and opposite to one another;
as, a two-throw crank shaft.

TWO-TONGUED
Two"-tongued`, a.

Defn: Double-tongued; deceitful. Sandys.

TWO-TO-ONE
Two"-to-one", a. (Mach.)

Defn: Designating, or pert. to, a gear for reducing or increasing a
velocity ratio two to one.

TWO-WAY
Two"-way`, a. (Pipe Fitting)

Defn: Serving to connect at will one pipe or channel with either of
two others; as, a two-way cock.

TWYBLADE
Twy"blade`, n.

Defn: See Twayblade.

TY-ALL
Ty"-all`, n.

Defn: Something serving to tie or secure. [Obs.] Latimer.

TYBURN TICKET
Ty"burn tick`et. Etym: [So called in allusion to Tyburn, formerly a
place of execution in England.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A certificate given to one who prosecutes a felon to
conviction, exempting him from certain parish and ward offices.

TYCHISM
Ty"chism, n. [Gr. ty`chh fortune, chance + -ism.]

Defn: Any theory which conceives chance as an objective reality;
esp., a theory of evolution which considers that variation may be
purely fortuitous.

TYCHONIC
Ty*chon"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Tycho Brahe, or his system of astronomy.

TYCOON
Ty*coon", n. Etym: [Chinese tai-kun great prince.]

Defn: The title by which the shogun, or former commander in chief of
the Japanese army, was known to foreigners.

TYDY
Ty"dy, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Tidy.

TYE
Tye, n.

1. A knot; a tie. [R.] See Tie.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A chain or rope, one end of which passes through the mast, and
is made fast to the center of a yard; the other end is attached to a
tackle, by means of which the yard is hoisted or lowered.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A trough for washing ores. Knight.

TYE
Tye, v. t.

Defn: See Tie, the proper orthography.

TYER
Ty"er, n.

Defn: One who ties, or unites. [R.]

TYFOON
Ty*foon", n.

Defn: See Typhoon.

TYGER
Ty"ger, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tiger. [Obs.]

TYING
Ty"ing,

Defn: p. pr. of Tie.

TYING
Ty"ing, n. (Mining)

Defn: The act or process of washing ores in a buddle.

TYKE
Tyke, n.

Defn: See 2d Tike.

TYLARUS
Ty"la*rus, n.; pl. Tylari. Etym: [NL., fr.Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the pads on the under surface of the toes of birds.

TYLER
Ty"ler, n.

Defn: See 2d Tiler.

TYLOPODA
Ty*lop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of ungulates comprising the camels.

TYLOSIS
Ty*lo"sis, n.; pl. Tyloses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: An intrusion of one vegetable cell into the cavity of another,
sometimes forming there an irregular mass of cells. Goodale.

TYMBAL
Tym"bal, n. Etym: [F. timbale, Sp. timbal; cf. atabal; probably of
Arabic origin. Cf. Atabal, Timbrel.]

Defn: A kind of kettledrum. [Written also trimbal.]
A tymbal's sound were better than my voice. Prior.

TYMP
Tymp, n. Etym: [Cf. Tympan.] (Blast Furnace)

Defn: A hollow water-cooled iron casting in the upper part of the
archway in which the dam stands.

TYMPAN
Tym"pan, n. Etym: [F., fr. tympanum a kettledrum, a panel of a door.
See Tympanum, and cf. Tymp.]

1. A drum. [Obs.]

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A panel; a tympanum.

3. (Print.)

Defn: A frame covered with parchment or cloth, on which the blank
sheets are put, in order to be laid on the form to be impressed.
Tympan sheet (Print.), a sheet of paper of the same size as that to
be printed, pasted on the tympan, and serving as a guide in laying
the sheets evenly for printing. W. Savage.

TYMPANAL
Tym"pa*nal, n.

Defn: Tympanic.

TYMPANIC
Tym*pan"ic, a. Etym: [See Tympanum.]

1. Like a tympanum or drum; acting like a drumhead; as, a tympanic
membrane.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tympanum. Tympanic bone (Anat.), a bone
of the skull which incloses a part of the tympanum and supports the
tympanic membrane.
 -- Tympanic membrane. (Anat.) See the Note under Ear.

TYMPANIC
Tym*pan"ic, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The tympanic bone.

TYMPANIST
Tym"pa*nist, n. Etym: [L. tympaniste, Gr.

Defn: One who beats a drum. [R.]

TYMPANITES
Tym`pa*ni"tes, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A flatulent distention of the belly; tympany.

TYMPANITIC
Tym`pa*nit"ic, a. Etym: [L. tympaniticus one afflicted with
tympanites.] (Med.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or affected with, tympanites.

TYMPANITIS
Tym`pa*ni"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Tympanum, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the lining membrane of the middle ear.

TYMPANIZE
Tym"pa*nize, v. i. Etym: [L. tympanizare to beat a drum, Gr.

Defn: To drum. [R.] Coles.

TYMPANIZE
Tym"pa*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tympanized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Tympanizing.]

Defn: To stretch, as a skin over the head of a drum; to make into a
drum or drumhead, or cause to act or sound like a drum. [Obs.]
"Tympanized, as other saints of God were." Oley.

TYMPANO
Tym"pa*no, n.; pl. Tympani. Etym: [It. timpano. See Tympanum.] (Mus.)

Defn: A kettledrum; -- chiefly used in the plural to denote the
kettledrums of an orchestra. See Kettledrum. [Written also timpano.]

TYMPANO-
Tym"pa*no-.

Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with,
or relation to, the tympanum; as in tympanohyal, tympano-Eustachian.

TYMPANOHYAL
Tym`pa*no*hy"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tympanum and the hyoidean arch.
 -- n.

Defn: The proximal segment in the hyoidean arch, becoming a part of
the styloid process of the temporal bone in adult man.

TYMPANUM
Tym"pa*num, n.; pl. E. Tympanums, L. Tympana. Etym: [L., a
kettledrum, a drum or wheel in machines, the triangular area in a
pediment, the panel of a door, Gr. Type, and cf. Timbrel.]

1. (Anat.)
(a) The ear drum, or middle ear. Sometimes applied incorrectly to the
tympanic membrane. See Ear.
(b) A chamber in the anterior part of the syrinx of birds.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the naked, inflatable air sacs on the neck of the
prairie chicken and other species of grouse.

3. (Arch.)
(a) The recessed face of a pediment within the frame made by the
upper and lower cornices, being usually a triangular space or table.
(b) The space within an arch, and above a lintel or a subordinate
arch, spanning the opening below the arch.

4. (Mech.)

Defn: A drum-shaped wheel with spirally curved partitions by which
water is raised to the axis when the wheel revolves with the lower
part of the circumference submerged, -- used for raising water, as
for irrigation.

TYMPANY
Tym"pa*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. Tympanites.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A flatulent distention of the belly; tympanites. Fuller.

2. Hence, inflation; conceit; bombast; turgidness. "Thine 's a
tympany of sense." Dryden.
A plethoric a tautologic tympany of sentence. De Quincey.

TYND
Tynd, v. t. Etym: [See Tine to shut in.]

Defn: To shut; to close. [Obs.] Wyclif.

TYNE
Tyne, v. t. Etym: [Icel. t.]

Defn: To lose. [Obs. or Scot.] "His bliss gan he tyne." Piers
Plowman. Sir W. Scott.

TYNE
Tyne, v. i.

Defn: To become lost; to perish. [Obs.] Spenser.

TYNE
Tyne, n. Etym: [See Tine a prong.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A prong or point of an antler.

TYNE
Tyne, n. Etym: [See Teen, n.]

Defn: Anxiety; tine. [Obs.] "With labor and long tyne." Spenser.

TYNY
Ty"ny, a. Etym: [See Tiny.]

Defn: Small; tiny. [Obs.]

TYPAL
Typ"al, a.

Defn: Relating to a type or types; belonging to types; serving as a
type; typical. Owen.

-TYPE
-type. Etym: [See Type, n.]

Defn: A combining form signifying impressed form; stamp; print; type;
typical form; representative; as in stereotype phototype, ferrotype,
monotype.

TYPE
Type, n. Etym: [F. type; cf. It. tipo, from L. typus a figure, image,
a form, type, character, Gr. tup to hurt.]

1. The mark or impression of something; stamp; impressed sign;
emblem.
The faith they have in tennis, and tall stockings, Short blistered
breeches, and those types of travel. Shak.

2. Form or character impressed; style; semblance.
Thy father bears the type of king of Naples. Shak.

3. A figure or representation of something to come; a token; a sign;
a symbol; -- correlative to antitype.
A type is no longer a type when the thing typified comes to be
actually exhibited. South.

4. That which possesses or exemplifies characteristic qualities; the
representative. Specifically: (a) (Biol.)

Defn: A general form or structure common to a number of individuals;
hence, the ideal representation of a species, genus, or other group,
combining the essential characteristics; an animal or plant
possessing or exemplifying the essential characteristics of a
species, genus, or other group. Also, a group or division of animals
having a certain typical or characteristic structure of body
maintained within the group.
Since the time of Cuvier and Baer . . . the whole animal kingdom has
been universally held to be divisible into a small number of main
divisions or types. Haeckel.
(b) (Fine Arts)

Defn: The original object, or class of objects, scene, face, or
conception, which becomes the subject of a copy; esp., the design on
the face of a medal or a coin.
(c) (Chem.) A simple compound, used as a mode or pattern to which
other compounds are conveniently regarded as being related, and from
which they may be actually or theoretically derived.

Note: The fundamental types used to express the simplest and most
essential chemical relations are hydrochloric acid, HCl; water, H2O;
ammonia, NH3; and methane, CH4.

5. (Typog.)
(a) A raised letter, figure, accent, or other character, cast in
metal or cut in wood, used in printing.
(b) Such letters or characters, in general, or the whole quantity of
them used in printing, spoken of collectively; any number or mass of
such letters or characters, however disposed.

Note: Type are mostly made by casting type metal in a mold, though
some of the larger sizes are made from maple, mahogany, or boxwood.
In the cut, a is the body; b, the face, or part from which the
impression is taken; c, the shoulder, or top of the body; d, the nick
(sometimes two or more are made), designed to assist the compositor
in distinguishing the bottom of the face from the top; e, the groove
made in the process of finishing, -- each type as cast having
attached to the bottom of the body a jet, or small piece of metal
(formed by the surplus metal poured into the mold), which, when
broken off, leaves a roughness that requires to be removed. The fine
lines at the top and bottom of a letter are technically called
ceriphs, and when part of the face projects over the body, as in the
letter f, the projection is called a kern. The type which compose an
ordinary book font consist of Roman CAPITALS, small capitals, and
lower-case letters, and Italic CAPITALS and lower-case letters, with
accompanying figures, points, and reference marks, -- in all about
two hundred characters. Including the various modern styles of fancy
type, some three or four hundred varieties of face are made. Besides
the ordinary Roman and Italic, some of the most important of the
varieties are --
Old English. Black Letter. Old Style. French Elzevir. Boldface.
Antique. Clarendon. Gothic. Typewriter. Script. The smallest body in
common use is diamond; then follow in order of size, pearl, agate,
nonpareil, minion, brevier, bourgeois (or two-line diamond), long
primer (or two-line pearl), small pica (or two-line agate), pica (or
two-line nonpareil), English (or two-line minion), Columbian (or two-
line brevier), great primer (two-line bourgeois), paragon (or two-
line long primer), double small pica (or two-line small pica), double
pica (or two-line pica), double English (or two-line English), double
great primer (or two-line great primer), double paragon (or two-line
paragon), canon (or two-line double pica). Above this, the sizes are
called five-line pica, six-line pica, seven-line pica, and so on,
being made mostly of wood. The following alphabets show the different
sizes up to great primer.
Brilliant . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Diamond . .
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Pearl . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
Agate . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Nonpareil . . .
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Minion . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
Brevier . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Bourgeois . .
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Long primer . . .
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Small pica . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
Pica . . . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz English . . .
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Columbian . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
Great primer . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz The foregoing account
is conformed to the designations made use of by American type
founders, but is substantially correct for England. Agate, however,
is called ruby, in England, where, also, a size intermediate between
nonpareil and minion is employed, called emerald. Point system of
type bodies (Type Founding), a system adopted by the type founders of
the United States by which the various sizes of type have been so
modified and changed that each size bears an exact proportional
relation to every other size. The system is a modification of a
French system, and is based on the pica body. This pica body is
divided into twelfths, which are termed "points," and every type body
consist of a given number of these points. Many of the type founders
indicate the new sizes of type by the number of points, and the old
names are gradually being done away with. By the point system type
founders cast type of a uniform size and height, whereas formerly
fonts of pica or other type made by different founders would often
vary slightly so that they could not be used together. There are no
type in actual use corresponding to the smaller theoretical sizes of
the point system. In some cases, as in that of ruby, the term used
designates a different size from that heretofore so called.
1 American 9 Bourgeois | | 1| 2 Saxon 10 Long Primer | | 2| 3
Brilliant 11 Small Pica | | 3| | 4 Excelsior | 4| | 5 Pearl 16
Columbian | | 5| 6 Nonpareil 18 Great Primer | | 7 Minion | 8 Brevier
20 Paragon | | Diagram of the "points" by which sizes of Type are
graduated in the "Point System". Type founder, one who casts or
manufacture type.
 -- Type foundry, Type foundery, a place for the manufacture of type.
 -- Type metal, an alloy used in making type, stereotype plates,
etc., and in backing up electrotype plates. It consists essentially
of lead and antimony, often with a little tin, nickel, or copper.
 -- Type wheel, a wheel having raised letters or characters on its
periphery, and used in typewriters, printing telegraphs, etc.
 -- Unity of type (Biol.), that fundamental agreement in structure
which is seen in organic beings of the same class, and is quite
independent of their habits of life. Darwin.

TYPE
Type, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Typed; p. pr. & vb. n. Typing.]

1. To represent by a type, model, or symbol beforehand; to prefigure.
[R.] White (Johnson).

2. To furnish an expression or copy of; to represent; to typify. [R.]
Let us type them now in our own lives. Tennyson.

TYPESETTER
Type"set`ter, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, sets type; a compositor; a machine for
setting type.

TYPESETTING
Type"set`ting, n.

Defn: The act or art of setting type.

TYPEWRITE
Type"write`, v. t. & i.

Defn: To write with a typewriter. [Recent]

TYPEWRITER
Type"writ`er, n.

1. An instrument for writing by means of type, a typewheel, or the
like, in which the operator makes use of a sort of keyboard, in order
to obtain printed impressions of the characters upon paper.

2. One who uses such an instrument.

TYPEWRITING
Type"writ`ing, n.

Defn: The act or art of using a typewriter; also, a print made with a
typewriter.

TYPHLITIS
Typh*li"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the cæcum.

TYPHLOSOLE
Typh"lo*sole, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fold of the wall which projects into the cavity of the
intestine in bivalve mollusks, certain annelids, starfishes, and some
other animals.

TYPHOEAN
Ty*pho"ë*an, a. Etym: [L. Typhoius, from Typhoeus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Typhoeus (ti*fo"us), the fabled giant of
Greek mythology, having a hundred heads; resembling Typhoeus.

Note: Sometimes incorrectly written and pronounced Ty-phoe''an (, or
Ty-phe'' an.

TYPHOID
Ty"phoid, a. Etym: [Typhus + -oid: cf. F. typhoïde, Gr. Typhus.]
(Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to typhus; resembling typhus; of a low grade
like typhus; as, typhoid symptoms. Typhoid fever, a disease formerly
confounded with typhus, but essentially different from the latter. It
is characterized by fever, lasting usually three or more weeks,
diarrhæa with evacuations resembling pea soup in appearance, and
prostration and muscular debility, gradually increasing and often
becoming profound at the acme of the disease. Its local lesions are a
scanty eruption of spots, resembling flea bites, on the belly,
enlargement of the spleen, and ulceration of the intestines over the
areas occupied by Peyer's glands. The virus, or contagion, of this
fever is supposed to be a microscopic vegetable organism, or
bacterium. Called also enteric fever. See Peyer's glands.
 -- Typhoid state, a condition common to many diseases, characterized
by profound prostration and other symptoms resembling those of
typhus.

TYPHOMALARIAL
Ty`pho*ma*la"ri*al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to typhoid fever and malaria; as, typhomalarial
fever, a form of fever having symptoms both of malarial and typhoid
fever.

TYPHOMANIA
Ty`pho*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Typhus, and Mania.] (Med.)

Defn: A low delirium common in typhus fever.

TYPHON
Ty"phon, n. Etym: [Gr. Typhoon.] (Class. Mythol.)

1. According to Hesiod, the son of Typhoeus, and father of the winds,
but later identified with him.

Note: By modern writers, Typhon is identified with the Egyptian Set,
who represents physical evil. Encyc. Brit.

2. A violent whirlwind; a typhoon. [Obs.]
The circling typhon whirled from point to point. Thomson.

TYPHOON
Ty*phoon", n. Etym: [Earlier tuffoon, tuffon, Pg. tufao, Ar. tufan a
violent storm; probably fr. Gr. tyfw^n, tyfw^s, a violent whirlwind,
that rushes upward from the earth, whirling clouds of dust (cf.
Typhus); or perhaps from Chin. t'ai-fung a cyclonic wind.]

Defn: A violent whirlwind; specifically, a violent whirlwind
occurring in the Chinese seas.

TYPHOS
Ty"phos, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Typhus. [Obs.]

TYPHOTOXIN
Ty`pho*tox"in, n. Etym: [Typhoid + -toxic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A basic substance, C7H17NO2, formed from the growth of the
typhoid bacillus on meat pulp. It induces in small animals lethargic
conditions with liquid dejecta.

TYPHOUS
Ty"phous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. typheux.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to typhus; of the nature of typhus.

TYPHUS
Ty"phus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. dh smoke.] (Med.)

Defn: A contagious continued fever lasting from two to three weeks,
attended with great prostration and cerebral disorder, and marked by
a copious eruption of red spots upon the body. Also called jail
fever, famine fever, putrid fever, spottled fever, etc. See Jail
fever, under Jail.

TYPIC
Typ"ic, a.

Defn: Typical. "Typic shades." Boyle.

TYPICAL
Typ"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. typicus, Gr. typique. See Type.]

1. Of the nature of a type; representing something by a form, model,
or resemblance; emblematic; prefigurative.
The Levitical priesthood was only typical of the Christian.
Atterbury.

2. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Combining or exhibiting the essential characteristics of a
group; as, a typical genus.
 -- Typ"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Typ"ic*al*ness, n.

TYPIFICATION
Typ`i*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of typifying, or representing by a figure.

TYPIFIER
Typ"i*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, typifies. Bp. Warburton.

TYPIFY
Typ"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Typified; p. pr. & vb. n. Typifying.]
Etym: [Type + -fy.]

Defn: To represent by an image, form, model, or resemblance.
Our Savior was typified, indeed, by the goat that was slain, and the
scapegoat in the wilderness. Sir T. Browne.

TYPIST
Typ"ist, n.

Defn: A person who operates a typewriting machine; a typewriter.

TYPO
Ty"po, n. Etym: [An abbreviation of typographer.]

Defn: A compositor. [Colloq.]

TYPOCOSMY
Typ"o*cos`my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A representation of the world. [R.]

TYPOGRAPH
Ty"po*graph, n.  [Type + -graph.]

Defn: A machine for setting type or for casting lines of type and
setting them.

TYPOGRAPHER
Ty*pog"ra*pher, n. Etym: [Cf. F. typographe. See Typography.]

Defn: A printer. T. Warton.

TYPOGRAPHIC; TYPOGRAPHICAL
Ty`po*graph"ic, Ty`po*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. typographique.]

1. Of or pertaining to the act or act of representing by types or
symbols; emblematic; figurative; typical. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. Of or pertaining to typography or printing; as, the typographic
art.
 -- Ty`po*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

TYPOGRAPHY
Ty*pog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Type + -graphy: cf. F. typographie.]

1. The act or art of expressing by means of types or symbols;
emblematical or hieroglyphic representation. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. The art of printing with types; the use of types to produce
impressions on paper, vellum, etc.

TYPOLITE
Typ"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. typolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A stone or fossil which has on it impressions or figures of
plants and animals.

TYPOLITHOGRAPHY
Ty`po*li*thog"ra*phy, n. [Gr.  type + lithography.]

Defn: A branch of lithography in which impressions from printers'
types are transferred to stone for reproduction. --
Ty`po*lith`o*graph"ic (#), a.

TYPOLOGY
Ty*pol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Type + -logy.]

1. (Theol.)

Defn: A discourse or treatise on types.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine of types.

TYPOTHETAE
Ty*poth"e*tæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. E. type + Gr.

Defn: Printers; -- used in the name of an association of the master
printers of the United States and Canada, called The United Typothetæ
of America.

TYRAN
Ty"ran, n. Etym: [See Tyrant.]

Defn: A tyrant. [Obs.]
Lordly love is such a tyran fell. Spenser.

TYRANNESS
Ty"ran*ness, n.

Defn: A female tyrant. [Obs.] "That proud tyranness." Spenser.
Akenside.

TYRANNIC; TYRANNICAL
Ty*ran"nic, Ty*ran"nic*al, a. Etym: [L. tyrannicus, Gr. tyrannique.
See Tyrant.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tyrant; suiting a tyrant; unjustly severe
in government; absolute; imperious; despotic; cruel; arbitrary; as, a
tyrannical prince; a tyrannical master; tyrannical government. "A
power tyrannical." Shak.
Our sects a more tyrannic power assume. Roscommon.
The oppressor ruled tyrannic where he durst. Pope.
-- Ty*ran"nic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Ty*ran"nic*al*ness, .

TYRANNICIDAL
Ty*ran"ni*ci`dal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to tyrannicide, or the murder of a tyrant.
Booth.

TYRANNICIDE
Ty*ran"ni*ci`de, n. Etym: [L. tyrannicidium the killing of a tyrant,
tyrannicida the killer of a tyrant; tyrannus a tyrant + caedere to
kill: cf. F. tyrannicide.]

1. The act of killing a tyrant. Hume.

2. One who kills a tyrant.

TYRANNISH
Tyr"an*nish, a.

Defn: Like a tyrant; tyrannical. [Obs.] "The proud tyrannish Roman."
Gower.

TYRANNIZE
Tyr"an*nize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tyrannized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Tyrannizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. tyranniser, Gr.

Defn: To act the tyrant; to exercise arbitrary power; to rule with
unjust and oppressive severity; to exercise power others not
permitted by law or required by justice, or with a severity not
necessary to the ends of justice and government; as, a prince will
often tyrannize over his subjects; masters sometimes tyrannize over
their servants or apprentices.

TYRANNIZE
Tyr"an*nize, v. t.

Defn: To subject to arbitrary, oppressive, or tyrannical treatment;
to oppress.

TYRANNOUS
Tyr"an*nous, a.

Defn: Tyrannical; arbitrary; unjustly severe; despotic. Sir P.
Sidney.
 -- Tyr"an*nous*ly, adv.

TYRANNY
Tyr"an*ny, n. Etym: [OE. tirannye, OF. tirannie, F. tyrannie; cf. It.
tirannia; Gr. tyrannis. See Tyrant.]

1. The government or authority of a tyrant; a country governed by an
absolute ruler; hence, arbitrary or despotic exercise of power;
exercise of power over subjects and others with a rigor not
authorized by law or justice, or not requisite for the purposes of
government.
"Sir," would he [Seneca] say, "an emperor mote need Be virtuous and
hate tyranny." Chaucer.

2. Cruel government or discipline; as, the tyranny of a schoolmaster.

3. Severity; rigor; inclemency.
The tyranny of the open night's too rough For nature to endure. Shak.

TYRANT
Tyr"ant, n. Etym: [OE. tirant, tiraunt, tyraunt, OF. tiran, tirant
(probably from confusion with the p. pr. of verbs), F. tyran, L.
tyrannus, Gr.

1. An absolute ruler; a sovereign unrestrained by law or
constitution; a usurper of sovereignty.

Note: Free governments [in Greece] having superseded the old
hereditary sovereignties (basilei^ai), all who obtained absolute
power in a state were called ty\rannoi, tyrants, or rather despots; -
- for the term rather regards the irregular way in which the power
was gained, whether force or fraud, than the way in which it was
exercised, being applied to the mild Pisistratus, but not to the
despotic kings of Persia. However, the word soon came to imply
reproach, and was then used like our tyrant. Liddell & Scott.

2. Specifically, a monarch, or other ruler or master, who uses power
to oppress his subjects; a person who exercises unlawful authority,
or lawful authority in an unlawful manner; one who by taxation,
injustice, or cruel punishment, or the demand of unreasonable
services, imposes burdens and hardships on those under his control,
which law and humanity do not authorize, or which the purposes of
government do not require; a cruel master; an oppressor. "This false
tyrant, this Nero." Chaucer.
Love, to a yielding heart, is a king, but to a resisting, is a
tyrant. Sir P. Sidney.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of American clamatorial birds
belonging to the family Tyrannidæ; -- called also tyrant bird.

Note: These birds are noted for their irritability and pugnacity, and
for the courage with which they attack rapacious birds far exceeding
them in size and strength. They are mostly plain-colored birds, but
often have a bright-colored crown patch. A few species, as the
scissorstail, are handsomely colored. The kingbird and pewee are
familiar examples. Tyrant flycatcher (Zoöl.), any one of numerous
species of tyrants which have a flattened bill, toothed at the tip,
and resemble the true flycatchers in habits. The Acadian flycatcher
(Empidonax Acadicus) and the vermilion flycatcher (Pyrocephalus
rubineus) are examples.
 -- Tyrant shrike (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of American
tyrants of the genus Tyrannus having a strong toothed bill and
resembling the strikes in habits. The kingbird is an example.

TYRANT
Ty"rant, v. i.

Defn: To act like a tyrant; to play the tyrant; to tyrannical. [Obs.]
Fuller.

TYRE
Tyre, Etym: [Tamil tayir.]

Defn: Curdled milk. [India]

TYRE
Tyre, n. & v.

Defn: Attire. See 2d and 3d Tire. [Obs.]

TYRE
Tyre, v. i.

Defn: To prey. See 4th Tire. [Obs.]

TYRIAN
Tyr"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Tyrius, from Tyrus Tyre, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to Tyre or its people.

2. Being of the color called Tyrian purple.
The bright-eyed perch with fins of Tyrian dye. Pope.
Tyrian purple, or Tyrian dye, a celebrated purple dye prepared in
ancient Tyre from several mollusks, especially Ianthina, Murex, and
Purpura. See the Note under Purple, n., 1, and Purple of mollusca,
under Purple, n.

TYRIAN
Tyr"i*an, n. Etym: [L. Tyrius.]

Defn: A native of Tyre.

TYRO
Ty"ro, n.; pl. Tyros. Etym: [L. tiro a newlylevied soldier, a
beginner.]

Defn: A beginner in learning; one who is in the rudiments of any
branch of study; a person imperfectly acquainted with a subject; a
novice. [Written also tiro.]
The management of tyros of eighteen Is difficult. Cowper.

TYROCINY
Ty"ro*cin*y, n. Etym: [L. tirocinium first service or trial, fr.
tiro. See Tyro.]

Defn: The state of being a tyro, or beginner; apprenticeship. [Obs.]
Blount.

TYROLITE
Tyr"o*lite, n. Etym: [From Tyrol, where it occurs.] (Min.)

Defn: A translucent mineral of a green color and pearly or vitreous
luster. It is a hydrous arseniate of copper.

TYRONISM
Ty"ro*nism, n.

Defn: The state of being a tyro, or beginner. [Written also
tironism.]

TYROSIN
Tyr"o*sin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline nitrogenous substance present in small
amount in the pancreas and spleen, and formed in large quantity from
the decomposition of proteid matter by various means, -- as by
pancreatic digestion, by putrefaction as of cheese, by the action of
boiling acids, etc. Chemically, it consists of oxyphenol and
amidopropionic acid, and by decomposition yields oxybenzoic acid, or
some other benzol derivative. [Written also tyrosine.]

TYROTOXICON
Tyr`o*tox"i*con, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Toxic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A ptomaine discovered by Vaughan in putrid cheese and other
dairy products, and producing symptoms similar to cholera infantum.
Chemically, it appears to be related to, or identical with,
diazobenzol.

TYROTOXINE
Tyr`o*tox"ine, n.

Defn: Same as Tyrotoxicon.

TYSONITE
Ty"son*ite, n. Etym: [After S. T. Tyson.] (Min.)

Defn: A fluoride of the cerium metals occurring in hexagonal crystals
of a pale yellow color. Cf. Fluocerite.

TYSTIE
Ty"stie, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. þeisti, Norw. teiste.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The black guillemot. [Prov. Eng.]

TYTHE
Tythe, n.

Defn: See Tithe.

TYTHING
Tyth"ing, n.

Defn: See Tithing.

TZAR
Tzar, n.

Defn: The emperor of Russia. See Czar.

TZARINA; TZARITZA
Tza*ri"na, Tza*rit"za, n.

Defn: The empress of Russia. See Czarina.

TZETZE
Tzet"ze, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Tsetse.

U

Defn: U, the twenty-first letter of the English alphabet, is a
cursive form of the letter V, with which it was formerly used
interchangeably, both letters being then used both as vowels and
consonants. U and V are now, however, differentiated, U being used
only as a vowel or semivowel, and V only as a consonant. The true
primary vowel sound of U, in Anglo-Saxon, was the sound which it
still retains in most of the languages of Europe, that of long oo, as
in tool, and short oo, as in wood, answering to the French ou in
tour. Etymologically U is most closely related to o, y (vowel), w,
and v; as in two, duet, dyad, twice; top, tuft; sop, sup; auspice,
aviary. See V, also O and Y. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 130-144.

UAKARI
Ua*ka"ri, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Ouakari.

UBEROUS
U"ber*ous, a. Etym: [L. uber.]

Defn: Fruitful; copious; abundant; plentiful. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

UBERTY
U"ber*ty, n. Etym: [L. ubertas.]

Defn: Fruitfulness; copiousness; abundance; plenty. [Obs.] Florio.

UBICATION; UBIETY
U`bi*ca"tion, U*bi"e*ty, n. Etym: [NL. ubicatio, ubietas, fr. L. ubi
where.]

Defn: The quality or state of being in a place; local relation;
position or location; whereness. [R.] Glanvill.

UBIQUARIAN
U`bi*qua"ri*an, a.

Defn: Ubiquitous. [R.]

UBIQUIST; UBIQUITARIAN
U"bi*quist, U*biq`ui*ta"ri*an, n. Etym: [L. ubique everywhere: cf. F.
ubiquiste, ubiquitaire. See Ubiquity.]   (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a school of Lutheran divines which held that the body of
Christ is present everywhere, and especially in the eucharist, in
virtue of his omnipresence.  Called also Ubiquitist, Ubiquitary.

UBIQUITARINESS
U*biq"ui*ta*ri*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being ubiquitary, or ubiquitous. [R.]
Fuller.

UBIQUITARY
U*biq"ui*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. ubique everywhere. See Ubiquitarian.]

Defn: Ubiquitous. Howell.

UBIQUITARY
U*biq"ui*ta*ry, n.; pl. Ubiquitaries (.

1. One who exists everywhere. B. Jonson.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A ubiquist. Bp. Hall.

UBIQUITIST
U*biq"ui*tist, n.

Defn: Same as Ubiquist.

UBIQUITOUS
U*biq"ui*tous, a. Etym: [See Ubiquity.]

Defn: Existing or being everywhere, or in all places, at the same
time; omnipresent.
 -- U*biq"ui*tous*ly, adv.
In this sense is he ubiquitous. R. D. Hitchcock.

UBIQUITY
U*biq"ui*ty, n. Etym: [L. ubique everywhere, fr. ubi where, perhaps
for cubi, quobi (cf. alicubi anywhere), and if so akin to E. who: cf.
F. ubiquité.]

1. Existence everywhere, or in places, at the same time;
omnipresence; as, the ubiquity of God is not disputed by those who
admit his existence.
The arms of Rome . . . were impeded by . . . the wide spaces to be
traversed and the ubiquity of the enemy. C. Merivale.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine, as formulated by Luther, that Christ's glorified
body is omnipresent.

UCHEES
U"chees, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of North American Indians belonging to the Creek
confederation.

UCKEWALLIST
Uck`e*wal"list, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of rigid Anabaptists, which originated in 1637,
and whose tenets were essentially the same as those of the
Mennonists. In addition, however, they held that Judas and the
murderers of Christ were saved. So called from the founder of the
sect, Ucke Wallis, a native of Friesland. Eadie.

UDAL
U"dal (u"dal), n. Etym: [Icel. oedhal allodium, an hereditary estate;
akin to Sw. odal allodial, Dan. odel.]

Defn: In Shetland and Orkney, a freehold; property held by udal, or
allodial, right.

UDAL
U"dal, a.

Defn: Allodial; -- a term used in Finland, Shetland, and Orkney. See
Allodial. Burrill.

UDAL; UDALBORN; UDALER; UDALMAN
U"dal, n. & a. U"dal*born`, U"dal*er, U"dal*man, etc.

Defn: Vars. of Odal, etc. Obs. exc. in Shetland and the Orkney
Islands, where udal designates land held in fee simple without any
charter and free of any feudal character.

UDALER; UDALMAN
U"dal*er, U"dal*man, n.

Defn: In the Shetland and Orkney Islands, one who holds property by
udal, or allodial, right. Sir W. Scott.

UDDER
Ud"der, n. Etym: [OE. uddir, AS. uder; akin to D. uijer, G. euter,
OHG. utar, utiro, Icel. jugr, Sw. jufver, jur, Dan. yver, L. uber,
Gr. o"y^qar, Skr. udhar. *216. Cf. Exuberant.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The glandular organ in which milk is secreted and stored; --
popularly called the bag in cows and other quadrupeds. See Mamma.
A lioness, with udders all drawn dry. Shak.

2. One of the breasts of a woman. [R.]
Yon Juno of majestic size, With cowlike udders, and with oxlike eyes.
Pope.

UDDERED
Ud"dered, a.

Defn: Having an udder or udders.

UDDERLESS
Ud"der*less, a.

1. Destitute or deprived of an udder.

2. Hence, without mother's milk; motherless; as, udderless lambs.
[Poetic] Keats.

UDOMETER
U*dom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. udus wet, moist + -meter.] (Meteor.)

Defn: A rain gauge.

UGH
Ugh (oo), interj.

Defn: An exclamation expressive of disgust, horror, or recoil. Its
utterance is usually accompanied by a shudder.

UGLESOME
Ug"le*some, a. [Ugly.]

Defn: Ugly. [Obs.] "Such an uglesome countenance." Latimer.

UGLIFY
Ug"li*fy, v. t. Etym: [Ugly + -fy.]

Defn: To disfigure; to make ugly. [R.] Mad. D'Arblay.

UGLILY
Ug"li*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ugly manner; with deformity.

UGLINESS
Ug"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being ugly.

UGLY
Ug"ly, a. [Compar. Uglier; superl. Ugliest.] Etym: [Icel. uggligr
fearful, dreadful; uggr fear (akin to ugga to fear) + -ligr (akin to
E. -ly, like). Awe.]

1. Offensive to the sight; contrary to beauty; being of disagreeable
or loathsome aspect; unsightly; repulsive; deformed.
The ugly view of his deformed crimes. Spenser.
Like the toad, ugly and venomous. Shak.
O, I have passed a miserable night, So full of ugly sights, of
ghastly dreams. Shak.

2. Ill-natured; crossgrained; quarrelsome; as, an ugly temper; to
feel ugly. [Colloq. U. S.]

3. Unpleasant; disagreeable; likely to cause trouble or loss; as, an
ugly rumor; an ugly customer. [Colloq.]

UGLY
Ug"ly, n.

Defn: A shade for the face, projecting from the bonnet. [Colloq.
Eng.] C. Kingsley.

UGLY
Ug"ly, v. t.

Defn: To make ugly. [R.] Richardson.

UGRIAN
U"gri*an, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A Mongolian race, ancestors of the Finns. [Written also
Uigrian.]

UGSOME
Ug"some, a. [Ugly.]

Defn: Ugly; offensive; loathsome. [Obs.] -- Ug"some*ness, n. [Obs.]
"The horror and ugsomeness of death." Latimer.

UHLAN
Uh"lan, n. Etym: [G. uhlan, Pol. ulan, hulan, from Turk. oglan a
youth, lad; of Tartar origin.] [Written also ulan, and formerly
hulan.]

1. One of a certain description of militia among the Tartars.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: One of a kind of light cavalry of Tartaric origin, first
introduced into European armies in Poland. They are armed with
lances, pistols, and sabers, and are employed chiefly as skirmishers.

UINTATHERIUM
U*in`ta*the"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Uinta, the Indian name of the
region where the animals were discovered + Gr. qhri`on beast.]
(Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of large Eocene ungulates allied to Dinoceras.
This name is sometimes used for nearly all the known species of the
group. See Dinoceras.

UITLANDER
Uit"land`er, n. [D. Cf. Outlander.]

Defn: A foreigner; an outlander. [South Africa]

UKASE
U*kase", n. Etym: [F., fr. Russ. ukas'; pref. u- + kazate to show, to
say.]

Defn: In Russia, a published proclamation or imperial order, having
the force of law.

ULAN
U"lan, n.

Defn: See Uhlan.

ULARBURONG
U*lar"bu*rong, n. Etym: [From the native Malay name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large East Indian nocturnal tree snake (Dipsas dendrophila).
It is not venomous.

ULCER
Ul"cer, n. Etym: [F. ulcère, L. ulcus, gen. ulceris, akin to Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: A solution of continuity in any of the soft parts of the body,
discharging purulent matter, found on a surface, especially one of
the natural surfaces of the body, and originating generally in a
constitutional disorder; a sore discharging pus. It is distinguished
from an abscess, which has its beginning, at least, in the depth of
the tissues.

2. Fig.: Anything that festers and corrupts like an open sore; a vice
in character. Cold ulcer (Med.), an ulcer on a finger or toe, due to
deficient circulation and nutrition. In such cases the extremities
are cold.

ULCER
Ul"cer, v. t.

Defn: To ulcerate. [R.] Fuller.

ULCERABLE
Ul"cer*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of ulcerating.

ULCERATE
Ul"cer*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ulcerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ulcerating.] Etym: [L. ulceratus, p. p. of ulcerare, fr. ulcus
ulcer.]

Defn: To be formed into an ulcer; to become ulcerous.

ULCERATE
Ul"cer*ate, v. t.

Defn: To affect with, or as with, an ulcer or ulcers. Harvey.

ULCERATED
Ul"cer*a`ted, a.

Defn: Affected with, or as with, an ulcer or ulcers; as, an ulcerated
sore throat.

ULCERATION
Ul`cer*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. ulceratio: cf. F. ulcération.] (Med.)

Defn: The process of forming an ulcer, or of becoming ulcerous; the
state of being ulcerated; also, an ulcer.

ULCERATIVE
Ul"cer*a*tive, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ulcers; as, an ulcerative process.

ULCERED
Ul"cered, a.

Defn: Ulcerous; ulcerated.

ULCEROUS
Ul"cer*ous, a. Etym: [L. ulcerous: cf. F. ulcéreux.]

1. Having the nature or character of an ulcer; discharging purulent
or other matter. R. Browning.

2. Affected with an ulcer or ulcers; ulcerated.
It will but skin and film the ulcerous place. Shak.
-- Ul"cer*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Ul"cer*ous*ness, n.

ULCUSCLE; ULCUSCULE
Ul"cus*cle, Ul*cus"cule, n. Etym: [L. ulcusculum, dim. of ulcus. See
Ulcer.]

Defn: A little ulcer. [R.]

ULE
U"le, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Mexican and Central American tree (Castilloa elastica and C.
Markhamiana) related to the breadfruit tree. Its milky juice contains
caoutchouc. Called also ule tree.

ULEMA
U*le"ma, n. Etym: [Ar. 'ulema the wise or learned men, pl. of 'alim
wise, learned, fr. alima to know.]

Defn: A college or corporation in Turkey composed of the hierarchy,
namely, the imams, or ministers of religion, the muftis, or doctors
of law, and the cadis, or administrators of justice.

ULEXITE
U"lex*ite, n. Etym: [After a German chemist.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in white rounded crystalline masses. It is
a hydrous borate of lime and soda.

ULIGINOSE; ULIGINOUS
U*lig"i*nose`, U*lig"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. uliginosus, fr. uligo, -
inis, moisture, fr. uvere to be moist.]

Defn: Muddy; oozy; slimy; also, growing in muddy places. [R.]
Woodward.

ULLAGE
Ul"lage (; 48), n. Etym: [OF. eullage, ovillage, the filling up of a
cask, fr. ouillier, oillier, euillier, to fill a wine cask; properly,
to add oil to prevent evaporation, as to a flask that is nearly full,
fr. OF. oile oil. See Oil.] (Com.)

Defn: The amount which a vessel, as a cask, of liquor lacks of being
full; wantage; deficiency.

ULLET
Ul"let, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. hullote, E. howlet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European owl (Syrnium aluco) of a tawny color; -- called also
uluia.

ULLMANNITE
Ull"mann*ite, n. Etym: [So named after J. C. Ullman, a German
chemist.] (Min.)

Defn: A brittle mineral of a steel-gray color and metallic luster,
containing antimony, arsenic, sulphur, and nickel.

ULLUCO
Ul*lu"co, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Melluc.

ULMACEOUS
Ul*ma"ceous, a. Etym: [L. ulmus an elm.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a suborder of urticaceous plants, of which
the elm is the type.

ULMATE
Ul"mate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of ulmic acid.

ULMIC
Ul"mic, a. Etym: [L. ulmus an elm: cf. F. ulmique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to ulmin; designating an acid obtained from ulmin.

ULMIN
Ul"min, n. Etym: [L. ulmus an elm: cf. F. ulmine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A brown amorphous substance found in decaying vegetation. Cf.
Humin. [Formerly written ulmine.]

ULMUS
Ul"mus, n. Etym: [L., an elm.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees including the elm.

ULNA
Ul"na, n. Etym: [L., the elbow. See Ell.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The postaxial bone of the forearm, or branchium, corresponding
to the fibula of the hind limb. See Radius.

2. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: An ell; also, a yard. Burrill.

ULNAGE
Ul"nage, n. Etym: [See Ulna, and cf. Alnage.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: Measurement by the ell; alnage.

ULNAR
Ul"nar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ulna, or the elbow; as, the ulnar
nerve.

ULNARE
Ul*na"re, n.; pl. Ulnaria. Etym: [NL. See Ulna.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the bones or cartilages of the carpus, which articulates
with the ulna and corresponds to the cuneiform in man.

ULODENDRON
U`lo*den"dron, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of fossil trees.

ULOID
U"loid, a. [Written also ouloid.] [Gr.  scar + -oid.] (Med.)

Defn: Resembling a scar; scarlike.

ULONATA
U`lo*na"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of insects nearly equivalent to the true Orthoptera.

ULOTRICHAN
U*lot"ri*chan, a. (Anthropol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ulotrichi.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Ulotrichi.

ULOTRICHI
U*lot"ri*chi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anthropol.)

Defn: The division of mankind which embraces the races having woolly
or crispy hair. Cf. Leiotrichi.

ULOTRICHOUS
U*lot"ri*chous, a. (Anthropol.)

Defn: Having woolly or crispy hair; -- opposed to leiotrichous.

ULSTER
Ul"ster, n.

Defn: A long, loose overcoat, worn by men and women, originally made
of frieze from Ulster, Ireland.

ULTERIOR
Ul*te"ri*or, a. Etym: [L., comp. of ultra, ultro, beyond, on the
other side, properly cases of an old adjective, formed with a
comparative suffix, which is akin to OL. uls beyond, L. olim
formerly, hereafter, orig., at that time, ille that, OL. olle, ollus.
Cf. Outrage.]

1. Situated beyond, or on the farther side; thither; -- correlative
with hither.

2. Further; remoter; more distant; succeeding; as, ulterior demands
or propositions; ulterior views; what ulterior measures will be
adopted is uncertain. Ulterior object or aim, an object or aim beyond
that which is avowed.

ULTERIOR
Ul*te"ri*or, n.

Defn: Ulterior side or part. [R.] Coleridge.

ULTERIORLY
Ul*te"ri*or*ly, adv.

Defn: More distantly or remotely.

ULTIMA
Ul"ti*ma, a. Etym: [L., fem. ultimus last.]

Defn: Most remote; furthest; final; last. Ultima ratio Etym: [L.],
the last reason or argument; the last resort.
 -- Ultima Thule. [L.] See Thule.

ULTIMA
Ul"ti*ma, n. Etym: [L., fem. of ultimus last.] (Gram. & Pros.)

Defn: The last syllable of a word.

ULTIMATE
Ul"ti*mate, a. Etym: [LL. ultimatus last, extreme, fr. L. ultimare to
come to an end, fr. ultimus the farthest, last, superl. from the same
source as ulterior. See Ulterior, and cf. Ultimatum.]

1. Farthest; most remote in space or time; extreme; last; final.
My harbor, and my ultimate repose. Milton.
Many actions apt to procure fame are not conductive to this our
ultimate happiness. Addison.

2. Last in a train of progression or consequences; tended toward by
all that precedes; arrived at, as the last result; final.
Those ultimate truths and those universal laws of thought which we
can not rationally contradict. Coleridge.

3. Incapable of further analysis; incapable of further division or
separation; constituent; elemental; as, an ultimate constituent of
matter. Ultimate analysis (Chem.), organic analysis. See under
Organic.
 -- Ultimate belief. See under Belief.
 -- Ultimate ratio (Math.), the limiting value of a ratio, or that
toward which a series tends, and which it does not pass.

Syn.
 -- Final; conclusive. See Final.

ULTIMATE
Ul"ti*mate, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Ultimated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ultimating.]

1. To come or bring to an end; to eventuate; to end. [R.]

2. To come or bring into use or practice. [R.]

ULTIMATELY
Ul"ti*mate*ly, adv.

Defn: As a final consequence; at last; in the end; as, afflictions
often tend to correct immoral habits, and ultimately prove blessings.

ULTIMATION
Ul`ti*ma"tion, n.

Defn: State of being ultimate; that which is ultimate, or final;
ultimatum. [R.] Swift.

ULTIMATUM
Ul`ti*ma"tum, n.; pl. E. Ultimatums, L. Ultimata. Etym: [NL. See
Ultimate.]

Defn: A final proposition, concession, or condition; especially, the
final propositions, conditions, or terms, offered by either of the
parties in a diplomatic negotiation; the most favorable terms a
negotiator can offer, the rejection of which usually puts an end to
the hesitation.

ULTIME
Ul"time, a.

Defn: Ultimate; final. [Obs.] Bacon.

ULTIMITY
Ul*tim"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. ultimatus extremity, fr. L. ultimus the
last.]

Defn: The last stage or consequence; finality. [Obs.] Bacon.

ULTIMO
Ul"ti*mo. Etym: [L. ultimo (mense) in the last month.]

Defn: In the month immediately preceding the present; as, on the 1st
ultimo; -- usually abbreviated to ult. Cf. Proximo.

ULTION
Ul"tion, n. Etym: [L. ultio.]

Defn: The act of taking vengeance; revenge. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ULTRA-
Ul"tra-, a.

Defn: A prefix from the Latin ultra beyond (see Ulterior), having in
composition the signification beyond, on the other side, chiefly when
joined with words expressing relations of place; as, ultramarine,
ultramontane, ultramundane, ultratropical, etc. In other relations it
has the sense of excessively, exceedingly, beyond what is common,
natural, right, or proper; as, ultraconservative; ultrademocratic,
ultradespotic, ultraliberal, ultraradical, etc.

ULTRA
Ul"tra, a. Etym: [See Ultra-.]

Defn: Going beyond others, or beyond due limit; extreme; fanatical;
uncompromising; as, an ultra reformer; ultra measures.

ULTRA
Ul"tra, n.

Defn: One who advocates extreme measures; an ultraist; an extremist;
a radical. Brougham.

ULTRAGASEOUS
Ul`tra*gas"e*ous, a. [Pref. ultra + gaseous.] (Physics)

Defn: Having the properties exhibited by gases under very low
pressures (one millionth of an atmosphere or less). Matter under this
condition, which has been termed the fourth state of matter, is
sometimes called radiant matter.

ULTRAGE
Ul"trage, n.

Defn: Outrage. [Obs.]

ULTRAISM
Ul"tra*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ultraïsme. See Ultra-.]

Defn: The principles of those who advocate extreme measures, as
radical reform, and the like. Dr. H. More.

ULTRAIST
Ul"tra*ist, n.

Defn: One who pushes a principle or measure to extremes; an
extremist; a radical; an ultra.

ULTRAMARINE
Ul`tra*ma*rine", a. Etym: [Pref. ultra- + marine.]

Defn: Situated or being beyond the sea. Burke.

ULTRAMARINE
Ul`tra*ma*rine", n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. ultramarino. So called because the
lapis lazuli was originally brought from beyond the sea, -- from
Asia.] (Chem.)

Defn: A blue pigment formerly obtained by powdering lapis lazuli, but
now produced in large quantities by fusing together silica, alumina,
soda, and sulphur, thus forming a glass, colored blue by the sodium
polysulphides made in the fusion. Also used adjectively. Green
ultramarine, a green pigment obtained as a first product in the
manufacture of ultramarine, into which it is changed by subsequent
treatment.
 -- Ultramarine ash or ashes (Paint.), a pigment which is the
residuum of lapis lazuli after the ultramarine has been extracted. It
was used by the old masters as a middle or neutral tint for flesh,
skies, and draperies, being of a purer and tenderer gray that
produced by the mixture of more positive colors. Fairholt.

ULTRAMONTANE
Ul`tra*mon"tane, Etym: [LL. ultramontanus; L. ultra beyond + montanus
belonging to a mountain, from mons, montis, mountain: cf. F.
ultramontain, It. ultramontano. See Ultra-, and Mountain.]

Defn: Being beyond the mountains; specifically, being beyond the
Alps, in respect to the one who speaks.

Note: This term was first applied, somewhat contemptuously, by the
Italians, to the nations north of the Alps, especially the Germans
and French, their painters, jurists, etc. At a later period, the
French and Germans applied it to the Italians. It is now more
particularly used in respect to religious matters; and ultramontane
doctrines, when spoken of north of the Alps, denote the extreme views
of the pope's rights and supremacy maintained by Bellarmin and other
Italian writers.

ULTRAMONTANE
Ul`tra*mon"tane, n.

1. One who resides beyond the mountains, especially beyond the Alps;
a foreigner.

2. One who maintains extreme views favoring the pope's supremacy. See
Ultramontanism.

ULTRAMONTANISM
Ul`tra*mon"ta*nism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ultramontanisme.]

Defn: The principles of those within the Roman Catholic Church who
maintain extreme views favoring the pope's supremacy; -- so used by
those living north of the Alps in reference to the Italians; --
rarely used in an opposite sense, as referring to the views of those
living north of the Alps and opposed to the papal claims. Cf.
Gallicanism.

ULTRAMONTANIST
Ul`tra*mon"ta*nist, n.

Defn: One who upholds ultramontanism.

ULTRAMUNDANE
Ul`tra*mun"dane, a. Etym: [L. ultramundanus. See Ultra-, and
Mundane.]

Defn: Being beyond the world, or beyond the limits of our system.
Boyle.

ULTRARED
Ul`tra*red", a. Etym: [Pref. ultra- + red.] (Physics)

Defn: Situated beyond or below the red rays; as, the ultrated rays of
the spectrum, which are less refrangible than the red.

ULTRATROPICAL
Ul`tra*trop"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. ultra- + tropical.]

Defn: Situated beyond, or outside of, the tropics; extratropical;
also, having an excessively tropical temperature; warmer than the
tropics.

ULTRAVIOLET
Ul`tra*vi"o*let, a. Etym: [Pref. ultra- + violet.] (Physics)

Defn: Lying outside the visible spectrum at its violet end; -- said
of rays more refrangible than the extreme violet rays of the
spectrum.

ULTRA VIRES
Ul`tra vi"res, Etym: [Law Latin, from L. prep. ultra beyond + vires,
pl. of. vis strength.]

Defn: Beyond power; transcending authority; -- a phrase used
frequently in relation to acts or enactments by corporations in
excess of their chartered or statutory rights.

ULTRAZODIACAL
Ul`tra*zo*di"a*cal, a. Etym: [Pref. ultra- + zodiacal.] (Astron.)

Defn: Outside the zodiac; being in that part of the heavens that is
more than eight degrees from the ecliptic; as, ultrazodiacal planets,
that is, those planets which in part of their orbits go beyond the
zodiac.

ULTRONEOUS
Ul*tro"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. ultroneus, from ultro to the further
side, on his part, of one's own accord. See Ultra-.]

Defn: Spontaneous; voluntary. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
 -- Ul*tro"ne*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Ul*tro"ne*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]

ULULA
Ul"u*la, n. Etym: [L., a screech owl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of owls including the great gray owl (Ulula cinerea) of
Arctic America, and other similar species. See Illust. of Owl.

ULULANT
Ul"u*lant, a.

Defn: Howling; wailing.

ULULATE
Ul"u*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ululated; p. pr. & vb. n. Ululating.]
Etym: [L. ululatus, p. p. of ululare to howl, yell, shriek.]

Defn: To howl, as a dog or a wolf; to wail; as, ululating jackals.
Sir T. Herbert.

ULULATION
Ul`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. ululatio.]

Defn: A howling, as of a dog or wolf; a wailing.
He may fright others with his ululation. Wither.

ULVA
Ul"va, n. Etym: [L., sedge.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of thin papery bright green seaweeds including the
kinds called sea lettuce.

UMBE
Um"be, prep. Etym: [AS. ymbe; akin to OHG. umbi, G. um. Cf. Amb-.]

Defn: About. [Obs.] Layamon.

UMBECAST
Um"be*cast`, v. i. Etym: [Umbe + cast.]

Defn: To cast about; to consider; to ponder. [Obs.] Sir T. Malory.

UMBEL
Um"bel, n. Etym: [L. umbella a little shadow, umbrella, dim. of umbra
shade. See Umbrella.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of flower cluster in which the flower stalks radiate
from a common point, as in the carrot and milkweed. It is simple or
compound; in the latter case, each peduncle bears another little
umbel, called umbellet, or umbellule.

UMBELLAR
Um"bel*lar, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an umbel; having the form of an umbel.

UMBELLATE; UMBELLATED
Um"bel*late, Um"bel*la`ted, a. Etym: [NL. umbellatus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing umbels; pertaining to an umbel; umbel-like; as,
umbellate plants or flowers.

UMBELLET
Um"bel*let, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small or partial umbel; an umbellule.

UMBELLIC
Um*bel"lic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, certain umbelliferous plants;
as, umbellic acid. Umbellic acid. (Chem.) (a) Anisic acid. [Obs.] (b)
A yellow powder obtained from umbelliferone.

UMBELLIFER
Um*bel"li*fer, n. Etym: [NL. See Umbelliferous.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant producing an umbel or umbels.

UMBELLIFERONE
Um`bel*lif"er*one, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A tasteless white crystalline substance, C9H6O3, found in the
bark of a certain plant (Daphne Mezereum), and also obtained by the
distillation of certain gums from the Umbelliferæ, as galbanum,
asafetida, etc. It is analogous to coumarin. Called also hydroxy-
coumarin.

UMBELLIFEROUS
Um`bel*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Umbel + -ferous: cf. F. ombillifère.]
(Bot.)
(a) Producing umbels.
(b) Of or pertaining to a natural order (Umbelliferæ) of plants, of
which the parsley, carrot, parsnip, and fennel are well-known
examples.

UMBELLULARIA
Um*bel`lu*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. Umbellule.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of deep-sea alcyonaria consisting of a cluster of large
flowerlike polyps situated at the summit of a long, slender stem
which stands upright in the mud, supported by a bulbous base.

UMBELLULE
Um"bel*lule, n. Etym: [NL. umbellula, dim. of umbella: cf. F.
ombellule.] (Bot.)

Defn: An umbellet.

UMBER
Um"ber, n. Etym: [F. ombre ocherous ore of iron, terre d'ombre, It.
terra d'ombra, literally, earth of shadow or shade, L. umbra shadow,
shade. Cf. Umber, 3 & 4, Umbrage.]

1. (Paint.)

Defn: A brown or reddish pigment used in both oil and water colors,
obtained from certain natural clays variously colored by the oxides
of iron and manganese. It is commonly heated or burned before being
used, and is then called burnt umber; when not heated, it is called
raw umber. See Burnt umber, below.

2. An umbrere. [Obs.]

3. Etym: [F. ombre, umbre, L. umbra.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Grayling, 1.

4. Etym: [Cf. NL. scopus umbretta, F. ombrette; probably fr. L. umbra
shade, in allusion to its dark brown color. See Umber a pigment.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An African wading bird (Scopus umbretta) allied to the storks
and herons. It is dull dusky brown, and has a large occipital crest.
Called also umbrette, umbre, and umber bird. Burnt umber (Paint.), a
pigment made by burning raw umber, which is changed by this process
from an olive brown to a bright reddish brown.
 -- Cologne, or German, umber, a brown pigment obtained from lignite.
See Cologne earth.

UMBER
Um"ber, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to umber; resembling umber; olive-brown; dark
brown; dark; dusky.
Their harps are of the umber shade That hides the blush of waking
day. J. R. Drake.

UMBER
Um"ber, v. t.

Defn: To color with umber; to shade or darken; as, to umber over
one's face. B. Jonson.

UMBERY
Um"ber*y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to umber; like umber; as, umbery gold.

UMBILIC
Um*bil"ic, n. Etym: [From L. umbilicus: cf. F. ombilic. See Navel.]

1. The navel; the center. [Obs.] "The umbilic of the world." Sir T.
Herbert.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: An umbilicus. See Umbilicus, 5 (b).

UMBILIC
Um*bil"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: See Umbilical, 1.

UMBILICAL
Um*bil"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ombilical. See Umbilic, n.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an umbilicus, or umbilical cord; umbilic.

2. Pertaining to the center; central. [R.] De Foe. Umbilical cord.
(a) (Anat.) The cord which connects the fetus with the placenta, and
contains the arteries and the vein through which blood circulates
between the fetus and the placenta; the navel-string. (b) (Bot.) The
little stem by which the seeds are attached to the placenta; --
called also funicular cord.
 -- Umbilical hernia (Med.), hernia of the bowels at the umbilicus.
 -- Umbilical point (Geom.), an umbilicus. See Umbilicus, 5.
 -- Umbilical region (Anat.), the middle region of the abdomen,
bounded above by the epigastric region, below by the hypogastric
region, and on the sides by the lumbar regions.
 -- Umbilical vesicle (Anat.), a saccular appendage of the developing
embryo, containing the nutritive and unsegmented part of the ovum;
the yolk sac. See Illust. in Appendix.

UMBILICATE; UMBILICATED
Um*bil"i*cate, Um*bil"i*ca`ted, a. Etym: [L. umbilicatus. See
Umbilic.]
(a) Depressed in the middle, like a navel, as a flower, fruit, or
leaf; navel-shaped; having an umbilicus; as, an umbilicated smallpox
vesicle.
(b) (Bot.) Supported by a stalk at the central point.

UMBILICATION
Um*bil"i*ca"tion, n.

Defn: A slight, navel-like depression, or dimpling, of the center of
a rounded body; as, the umbilication of a smallpox vesicle; also, the
condition of being umbilicated.

UMBILICUS
Um`bi*li"cus, n. Etym: [L. See Umbilic.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The depression, or mark, in the median line of the abdomen,
which indicates the point where the umbilical cord separated from the
fetus; the navel.

2. (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An ornamented or painted ball or boss fastened at each end of
the stick on which manuscripts were rolled. Dr. W. Smith.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The hilum.

4. (Zoöl.)
(a) A depression or opening in the center of the base of many spiral
shells.
(b) Either one of the two apertures in the calamus of a feather.

5. (Geom.)
(a) One of foci of an ellipse, or other curve. [Obs.]
(b) A point of a surface at which the curvatures of the normal
sections are all equal to each other. A sphere may be osculatory to
the surface in every direction at an umbilicus. Called also umbilic.

UMBLE PIE
Um"ble pie`.

Defn: A pie made of umbles. See To eat humble pie, under Humble.

UMBLES
Um"bles, n. pl. Etym: [See Nombles.]

Defn: The entrails and coarser parts of a deer; hence, sometimes,
entrails, in general. [Written also humbles.] Johnson.

UMBO
Um"bo, n.; pl. L. Umbones, E. Umbos. Etym: [L.]

1. The boss of a shield, at or near the middle, and usually
projecting, sometimes in a sharp spike.

2. A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a
palate, disk, or membrane; as, the umbo in the integument of the
larvæ of echinoderms or in the tympanic membrane of the ear.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the lateral prominence just above the hinge of a bivalve
shell.

UMBONATE; UMBONATED
Um"bo*nate, Um"bo*na`ted, a. Etym: [NL. umbonatus. See Umbo.]

Defn: Having a conical or rounded projection or protuberance, like a
boss.

UMBRA
Um"bra, n.; pl. Umbræ. Etym: [L., a shadow.]

1. (Astron.)
(a) The conical shadow projected from a planet or satellite, on the
side opposite to the sun, within which a spectator could see no
portion of the sun's disk; -- used in contradistinction from
penumbra. See Penumbra.
(b) The central dark portion, or nucleus, of a sun spot.
(c) The fainter part of a sun spot; -- now more commonly called
penumbra.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of sciænoid food fishes of the genus
Umbrina, especially the Mediterranean species (U. cirrhosa), which is
highly esteemed as a market fish; -- called also ombre, and umbrine.
Umbra tree (Bot.), a tree (Phytolacca diocia) of the same genus as
pokeweed. It is native of South America, but is now grown in southern
Europe. It has large dark leaves, and a somber aspect. The juice of
its berries is used for coloring wine. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).

UMBRACULIFEROUS
Um*brac`u*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. umbraculum umbrella (dim. of umbra
shade) + -ferous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing something like an open umbrella.

UMBRACULIFORM
Um*brac`u*li*form, a. Etym: [L. umbraculum any thing that furnishes
shade, a bower, umbrella (dim. of umbra a shade) + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of anything that serves to shade, as a tree
top, an umbrella, and the like; specifically (Bot.), having the form
of an umbrella; umbrella-shaped.

UMBRAGE
Um"brage (; 48), n. Etym: [F. ombrage shade, suspicion, umbrage, L.
umbraticus belonging to shade, fr. umbra a shade. Cf. Umber,
Umbratic.]

1. Shade; shadow; obscurity; hence, that which affords a shade, as a
screen of trees or foliage.
Where highest woods, impenetrable To star or sunlight, spread their
umbrage broad. Milton.

2. Shadowy resemblance; shadow. [Obs.]
The opinion carries no show of truth nor umbrage of reason on its
side. Woodward.

3. The feeling of being overshadowed; jealousy of another, as
standing in one's light or way; hence, suspicion of injury or wrong;
offense; resentment.
Which gave umbrage to wiser than myself. Evelyn.
Persons who feel most umbrage from the overshadowing aristocracy. Sir
W. Scott.

UMBRAGEOUS
Um*bra"geous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ombraqeux shy, skittish, suspicious,
in OF. also, shady. See Umbrage.]

1. Forming or affording a shade; shady; shaded; as, umbrageous trees
or foliage.
Umbrageous grots and caves Of cool recess, o'er which the mantling
vine Lays forth her purple grape. Milton.

2. Not easily perceived, as if from being darkened or shaded;
obscure. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

3. Feeling jealousy or umbrage; taking, or disposed to take, umbrage;
suspicious. [Obs.] Bp. Warburton.
 -- Um*bra"geous*ly, adv.
 -- Um*bra"geous*ness, n.

UMBRATE
Um"brate, v. t. Etym: [L. umbratus, p. p. of umbrare to shade, fr.
umbra a shade.]

Defn: To shade; to shadow; to foreshadow. [Obs.]

UMBRATIC; UMBRATICAL
Um*brat"ic, Um*brat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. umbraticus, from umbra shade.
See Umbrage.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the shade or darkness; shadowy; unreal;
secluded; retired. [R.] B. Jonson.

UMBRATILE
Um"bra*tile, a. Etym: [L. umbraticus, fr. umbra shade.]

Defn: Umbratic. [R.] B. Jonson.

UMBRATIOUS
Um*bra"tious, a. Etym: [L. umbra a shade. Cf. Umbrageous.]

Defn: Suspicious; captious; disposed to take umbrage. [Obs. & R.] Sir
H. Wotton.

UMBRE
Um"bre, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Umber.

UMBREL
Um*brel", n.

Defn: An umbrella. [Obs. or Colloq.]
Each of them besides bore their umbrels. Shelton.

UMBRELLA
Um*brel"la, n. Etym: [It. umbrella, fr. ombra a shade, L. umbra; cf.
L. umbella a sunshade, a parasol. Cf. Umbel, Umbrage.]

1. A shade, screen, or guard, carried in the hand for sheltering the
person from the rays of the sun, or from rain or snow. It is formed
of silk, cotton, or other fabric, extended on strips of whalebone,
steel, or other elastic material, inserted, or fastened to, a rod or
stick by means of pivots or hinges, in such a way as to allow of
being opened and closed with ease. See Parasol.
Underneath the umbrella's oily shed. Gay.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The umbrellalike disk, or swimming bell, of a jellyfish.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine tectibranchiate gastropod of the genus Umbrella,
having an umbrella-shaped shell; -- called also umbrella shell.
Umbrella ant (Zoöl.), the sauba ant; -- so called because it carries
bits of leaves over its back when foraging. Called also parasol ant.
 -- Umbrella bird (Zoöl.), a South American bird (Cephalopterus
ornatus) of the family Cotingidæ. It is black, with a large handsome
crest consisting of a mass of soft, glossy blue feathers curved
outward at the tips. It also has a cervical plume consisting of a
long, cylindrical dermal process covered with soft hairy feathers.
Called also dragoon bird.
 -- Umbrella leaf (Bot.), an American perennial herb (Dyphylleia
cymosa), having very large peltate and lobed radical leaves.
 -- Umbrella shell. (Zoöl.) See Umbrella, 3.
 -- Umbrella tree (Bot.), a kind of magnolia (M. Umbrella) with the
large leaves arranged in umbrellalike clusters at the ends of the
branches. It is a native of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Kentucky.
Other plants in various countries are called by this name, especially
a kind of screw pine (Pandanus odoratissimus).

UMBRERE; UMBRIERE
Um*brere, Um*briere, n. Etym: [F. ombre a shade, L. umbra; cf. F.
ombrelle a sunshade, OF. also ombrière. See Umbrella.]

Defn: In ancient armor, a visor, or projection like the peak of a
cap, to which a face guard was sometimes attached. This was sometimes
fixed, and sometimes moved freely upon the helmet and could be raised
like the beaver. Called also umber, and umbril. [Obs.]
But only vented up her umbriere. Spenser.

UMBRETTE
Um*brette", n. Etym: [F. ombrette.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Umber, 4.

UMBRIFEROUS
Um*brif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. umbrifer; umbra a shade + ferre to
bear.]

Defn: Casting or making a shade; umbrageous.
 -- Um*brif"er*ous*ly, adv.

UMBRIL
Um"bril, n.

Defn: A umbrere. [Obs.]

UMBRINE
Um"brine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Umbra, 2.

UMBROSE
Um"brose`, a. Etym: [L. umbrosus, fr. umbra a shade.]

Defn: Shady; umbrageous. [Obs.]

UMBROSITY
Um*bros"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being umbrose; shadiness. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

UMHOFO
Um*ho"fo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African two-horned rhinoceros (Atelodus, or Rhinoceros,
simus); -- called also chukuru, and white rhinoceros.

UMLAUT
Um"laut, n. Etym: [G., from um about + laut sound.] (Philol.)

Defn: The euphonic modification of a root vowel sound by the
influence of a, u, or especially i, in the syllable which formerly
followed.

Note: It is peculiar to the Teutonic languages, and was common in
Anglo-Saxon. In German the umlauted vowels resulting from a, o, u,
followed by old i, are written ä, ö, ü, or ae, oe, ue; as, männer or
maenner, men, from mann, man. Examples of forms resulting from umlaut
in English are geese pl. of goose, men pl. of man, etc.

UMLAUTED
Um"laut*ed, a. (Philol.)

Defn: Having the umlaut; as, umlauted vowels.
There is so natural connection between umlauted forms and plurality.
Earle.

UMPIRAGE
Um"pi*rage (; 48), n. Etym: [From Umpire.]

1. The office of an umpire; the power, right, or authority of an
umpire to decide.
The mind umpirage of the federal Union. E. Everett.

2. The act of umpiring; arbitrament. Bp. Hall.

UMPIRE
Um"pire, n. Etym: [OE. nompere, nounpere (also impier, fr. F. impair
uneven), fr. OF. nomper uneven, F. non-pair; hence the meaning,
uneven, i. e., third person; non not + OF. per even, equal, peer, F.
pair; cf. L. impar uneven, unequal. See Non-, and Peer, n.]

1. A person to whose sole decision a controversy or question between
parties is referred; especially, one chosen to see that the rules of
a game, as cricket, baseball, or the like, are strictly observed.
A man, in questions of this kind, is able to be a skillful umpire
between himself and others. Barrow.

2. (Law)

Defn: A third person, who is to decide a controversy or question
submitted to arbitrators in case of their disagreement. Blackstone.

Syn.
 -- Judge; arbitrator; referee. See Judge.

UMPIRE
Um"pire, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Umpired; p. pr. & vb. n. Umpiring.]

1. To decide as umpire; to arbitrate; to settle, as a dispute.
Judges appointed to umpire the matter in contest between them, and to
decide where the right lies. South.

2. To perform the duties of umpire in or for; as, to umpire a game.
[Colloq.]

UMPIRE
Um"pire, v. i.

Defn: To act as umpire or arbitrator.

UMPIRESHIP
Um"pire*ship, n.

Defn: Umpirage; arbitrament. Jewel.

UMPRESS
Um"press, n.

Defn: Female umpire. [R.] Marston.

UMPTEEN
umpteen, [Colloq.]

Defn: An indefinite number, usu. more than ten and less than one
hundred; a lot. Often used hyperbolically, and usually expressing the
notion of more than the usual number or more than I would like; --
"I've told you umpteen times not to do that." umpteenth. Ordinal of
umpteen, with corresponding signification.

UMQUHILE
Um"quhile, adv. Etym: [Cf. OF. umwhile for a time. See While.]

Defn: Some time ago; formerly. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
 -- a.

Defn: Former. [Scot.]

UN-
Un-. Etym: [OE. un-, on-, the unaccented form of the accented prefix
and- (cf. Answer); akin to D. ont-, G. ent-, OHG. int-, Goth. and-.
See Anti-.]

Defn: An inseparable verbal prefix or particle. It is prefixed: (a)
To verbs to express the contrary, and not the simple negative, of the
action of the verb to which it is prefixed; as in uncoil, undo,
unfold. (b) To nouns to form verbs expressing privation of the thing,
quality, or state expressed by the noun, or separation from it; as in
unchild, unsex. Sometimes particles and participial adjectives formed
with this prefix coincide in form with compounds of the negative
prefix un- (see 2d Un-); as in undone (from undo), meaning
unfastened, ruined; and undone (from 2d un- and done) meaning not
done, not finished. Un- is sometimes used with an intensive force
merely; as in unloose.

Note: Compounds of this prefix are given in full in their proper
order in the Vocabulary.

UN-
Un-. Etym: [OE. & AS. un-; akin to OFries. un-, D. on-, OS., OHG., &
G. un-, Icel. o-, u-, Sw. o-, Dan. u-, W. an-, L. in-, Gr. an-, a-.
*193. Cf. A- not In- not, No, adv.]

Defn: An inseparable prefix, or particle, signifying not; in-; non-.
In- is prefixed mostly to words of Latin origin, or else to words
formed by Latin suffixes; un- is of much wider application, and is
attached at will to almost any adjective, or participle used
adjectively, or adverb, from which it may be desired to form a
corresponding negative adjective or adverb, and is also, but less
freely, prefixed to nouns. Un- sometimes has merely an intensive
force; as in unmerciless, unremorseless. I.

Defn: Un- is prefixed to adjectives, or to words used adjectively.
Specifically: --
(a) To adjectives, to denote the absence of the quality designated by
the adjective; as, ------ and the like.

(b) To past particles, or to adjectives formed after the analogy of
past particles, to indicate the absence of the condition or state
expressed by them; as, -Unabolishable Unabsolvable Unabsurd
Unabundant Unaccordant Unadoptable Unadventurous Unaffable
Unaffectionate Unafraid Unalliable Unallowablew Unalterable
Unambiguous Unambitious Unamendable Un-American Unamusive Unangular
Unanxious Unapocryphal Unapostolic Unapparent Unappeasable
Unapplausive Unappreciable Unapprehensible Unapprehensive
Unapproachable Unartificial Unartistic Unassailable Unattainable
Unattentive Unauthentic Unavailable Unbailable Unbearable Unbeautiful
Unbeliefful Unbelievable Unbeneficial Unbenevolent Unblamable
Unblemishable Unblissful Unboastful Unbold Unbookish Unbounteous
Unbribable Unbrotherly Unburdensome Unbusinesslike Unbusy Uncandid
Uncanonical Uncaptious Uncareful Uncelestial Unceremonious
Unchallengeable Unchangeable Unchary Unchastisable Uncheerful

---- and the like.

(c) To present particles which come from intransitive verbs, or are
themselves employed as adjectives, to mark the absence of the
activity, disposition, or condition implied by the participle; as, --
--- and the like.

Note: The above classes of words are unlimited in extent, and such
compounds may be formed by any writer or speaker at will from almost
all the adjectives or participles in the language, excepting those
which have a recognized and usual negative correspondent with the
prefix -in. No attempt will be made, therefore, to define them all in
this Dictionary; many will be omitted from its Vocabulary which are
negations of the simple word, and are readily explained by prefixing
a not to the latter. Derivatives of these words in -ly and -ness will
also, for the most part, be omitted for the same or similar reasons.
There will be inserted as separate articles with definitions, the
following: --1. Those which have acquired an opposed or contrary,
instead of a merely negative, meaning; as, unfriendly, ungraceful,
unpalatable, unquiet, and the like; or else an intensive sense more
than a prefixed not would express; as, unending, unparalleled,
undisciplined, undoubted, unsafe, and the like. 2. Those which have
the value of independent words, inasmuch as the simple words are
either not used at all, or are rarely, or at least much less
frequently, used; as, unavoidable, unconscionable, undeniable,
unspeakable, unprecedented, unruly, and the like; or inasmuch as they
are used in a different sense from the usual meaning of the
primitive, or especially in one of the significations of the latter;
as, unaccountable, unalloyed, unbelieving, unpretending, unreserved,
and the like; or inasmuch as they are so frequently and familiarly
used that they are hardly felt to be of negative origin; as,
uncertain, uneven, and the like. 3. Those which are anomalous,
provincial, or, for some other reason, not desirable to be used, and
are so indicated; as, unpure for impure, unsatisfaction for
dissatisfaction, unexpressible for inexpressible, and the like. II.

Defn: Un- is prefixed to nouns to express the absence of, or the
contrary of, that which the noun signifies; as, unbelief, unfaith,
unhealth, unrest, untruth, and the like.

Note: Compounds of this last class are given in full in their proper
order in the Vocabulary.

UNABILITY
Un`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Inability. [Obs.]

UNABLE
Un*a"ble, a.

Defn: Not able; not having sufficient strength, means, knowledge,
skill, or the like; impotent' weak; helpless; incapable; -- now
usually followed by an infinitive or an adverbial phrase; as, unable
for work; unable to bear fatigue.
Sapless age and weak unable limbs. Shak.

UNABLED
Un*a"bled, a.

Defn: Disabled. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

UNABLENESS
Un*a"ble*ness, n.

Defn: Inability. [Obs.] Hales.

UNA BOAT
U"na boat`. (Naut.)

Defn: The English name for a catboat; -- so called because Una was
the name of the first boat of this kind taken to England. D. Kemp.

UNABRIDGED
Un`a*bridged", a.

Defn: Not abridged, or shortened; full; complete; entire; whole.

UNABSORBABLE
Un`ab*sorb"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not absorbable; specifically (Physiol.), not capable of
absorption; unable to pass by osmosis into the circulating blood; as,
the unabsorbable portion of food.

UNACCEPTABILITY
Un`ac*cept`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being unacceptable; unacceptableness.

UNACCEPTABLE
Un`ac*cept"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not acceptable; not pleasing; not welcome; unpleasant;
disagreeable; displeasing; offensive.
 -- Un`ac*cept"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Un`ac*cept"a*bly, adv.

UNACCESSIBLE
Un`ac*cess"i*ble, a.

Defn: Inaccessible. Herbert.

UNACCOMPLISHED
Un`ac*com"plished, a.

Defn: Not accomplished or performed; unfinished; also, deficient in
accomplishment; unrefined.

UNACCOMPLISHMENT
Un`ac*com"plish*ment, n.

Defn: The state of being unaccomplished. [Obs.] Milton.

UNACCOUNTABILITY
Un`ac*count`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unaccountable.

UNACCOUNTABLE
Un`ac*count"a*ble, a.

1. Not accountable or responsible; free from control. South.

2. Not to be accounted for; inexplicable; not consonant with reason
or rule; strange; mysterious.
 -- Un`ac*count"a*ble*ness}, n.
 -- Un`ac*count"a*bly, adv.

UNACCURATE
Un*ac"cu*rate, a.

Defn: Inaccurate. Boyle.

UNACCURATENESS
Un*ac"cu*rate*ness, n.

Defn: Inaccuracy. Boyle.

UNACCUSTOMED
Un`ac*cus"tomed, a.

1. Not used; not habituated; unfamiliar; unused; -- which to.
Chastened as a bullock unaccustomed to yoke. Jer. xxxi. 18.

2. Not usual; uncommon; strange; new.
What unaccustomed cause procures her hither Shak.

UNACQUAINTANCE
Un`ac*quaint"ance, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unacquainted; want of
acquaintance; ignorance.
He was then in happy unacquaintance with everything connected with
that obnoxious cavity. Sir W. Hamilton.

UNACQUAINTED
Un`ac*quaint"ed, a.

1. Not acquainted. Cowper.

2. Not usual; unfamiliar; strange. [Obs.]
And the unacquainted light began to fear. Spenser.

UNACQUAINTEDNESS
Un`ac*quaint"ed*ness, n.

Defn: Unacquaintance. Whiston.

UNACTIVE
Un*ac"tive, a.

Defn: Inactive; listless. [R.]
While other animals unactive range. Milton.

UNACTIVE
Un*ac"tive, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + active; or from unactive,
a.]

Defn: To render inactive or listless. [Obs.] Fuller.

UNACTIVENESS
Un*ac"tive*ness, n.

Defn: Inactivity. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

UNADMISSIBLE; UNADMITTABLE
Un`ad*mis"si*ble, Un`ad*mit"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Inadmissible. [R.]

UNADULTERATE; UNADULTERATED
Un`a*dul"ter*ate, Un`a*dul"ter*a`ted, a.

Defn: Not adulterated; pure. "Unadulterate air." Cowper.
 -- Un`a*dul"ter*ate*ly, adv.

UNADVISABLE
Un`ad*vis"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not advisable; inadvisable; inexpedient. Lowth.
 -- Un`ad*vis"a*bly, adv.

UNADVISED
Un`ad*vised", a.

1. Not prudent; not discreet; ill advised. Shak.

2. Done without due consideration; wanton; rash; inconsiderate; as,
an unadvised proceeding.
 -- Un`ad*vis"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Un`ad*vis"ed*ness, n.

UNAFFECTED
Un`af*fect"ed, a.

1. Not affected or moved; destitute of affection or emotion;
uninfluenced.
A poor, cold, unspirited, unmannered, Unhonest, unaffected, undone
fool. J. Fletcher.

2. Free from affectation; plain; simple; natural; real; sincere;
genuine; as, unaffected sorrow.
 -- Un`af*fect"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Un`af*fect"ed*ness, n.

UNAFILED
Un`a*filed", a.

Defn: Undefiled. [Obs.] Gower.

UNAGREEABLE
Un`a*gree"a*ble, a.

1. Disagreeable.

2. Not agreeing or consistent; unsuitable. Shak.
 -- Un`a*gree"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Un`a*gree"a*bly, adv.

UNAIDABLE
Un*aid"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being aided. "Her unaidable estate." Shak.

UNALIENABLE
Un*al"ien*a*ble, a.

Defn: Inalienable; as, unalienable rights. Swift.
 -- Un*al"ien*a*bly, adv.

UNALIST
U"nal*ist, n. Etym: [L. unus one.] (Eccl.)

Defn: An ecclesiastical who holds but one benefice; -- distinguished
from pluralist. [Eng.] V. Knox.

UNALLIED
Un`al*lied", a.

Defn: Not allied; having no ally; having no connection or relation;
as, unallied species or genera.

UNALLOYED
Un`al*loyed", a.

Defn: Not alloyed; not reduced by foreign admixture; unmixed;
unqualified; pure; as, unalloyed metals; unalloyed happiness.
I enjoyed unalloyed satisfaction in his company. Mitford.

UNALMSED
Un*almsed", a.

Defn: Not having received alms. [Obs. & R.] Pollock.

UNAMBIGUITY
Un*am`bi*gu"i*ty, n.

Defn: Absence of ambiguity; clearness; perspicuity.

UNAMBITION
Un`am*bi"tion, n.

Defn: The absence of ambition. [R.] F. W. Newman.

UNAMIABILITY
Un*a`mi*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unamiable; moroseness.

UNAMIABLE
Un*a"mi*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not amiable; morose; ill-natured; repulsive.
 -- Un*a"mi*a*bly, adv.

UNANCHOR
Un*an"chor, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + anchor.]

Defn: To loose from the anchor, as a ship. De Quincey.

UNANELED
Un`a*neled", a.

Defn: Not aneled; not having received extreme unction. Shak.

UNANIMATE
U*nan"i*mate, a. Etym: [See Unanimous.]

Defn: Unanimous. [Obs.]

UNANIMITY
U`na*nim"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. unanimitas: cf. F. unanimité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being unanimous.

UNANIMOUS
U*nan"i*mous, a. Etym: [L. unanimus, unanimus; unus one + animus
mind: cf. F. unanime. See Unit, and Animate.]

1. Being of one mind; agreeing in opinion, design, or determination;
consentient; not discordant or dissentient; harmonious; as, the
assembly was unanimous; the members of the council were unanimous.
"Both in one faith unanimous." Milton.

2. Formed with unanimity; indicating unanimity; having the agreement
and consent of all; agreed upon without the opposition or
contradiction of any; as, a unanimous opinion; a unanimous vote.
 -- U*nan"i*mous*ly, adv.
 -- U*nan"i*mous*ness, n.

UNANSWERABILITY
Un*an`swer*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being unanswerable; unanswerableness.

UNANSWERABLE
Un*an"swer*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not answerable; irrefutable; conclusive; decisive; as, he have
an unanswerable argument.
 -- Un*an"swer*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Un*an"swer*a*bly, adv.

UNANSWERED
Un*an"swered, a.

1. Not answered; not replied; as, an unanswered letter.

2. Not refuted; as, an unanswered argument.

3. Not responded to in kind; unrequited; as, unanswered affection.

UNAPPALLED
Un`ap*palled", a.

Defn: Not appalled; not frightened; dauntless; undaunted. Milton.

UNAPPAREL
Un`ap*par"el, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + apparel.]

Defn: To divest of clothing; to strip. [Obs.] Donne.

UNAPPEALABLE
Un`ap*peal"a*ble, a.

1. Not appealable; that can not be carried to a higher tribunal by
appeal; as, an unappealable suit or action.

2. Not to be appealed from; -- said of a judge or a judgment that can
not be overruled.
The infallible, unappealable Judge [God]. South.
We submitted to a galling yet unappealable necessity. Shelley.
-- Un`ap*peal"a*bly, adv.

UNAPPLIABLE
Un`ap*pli"a*ble, a.

Defn: Inapplicable. Milton.

UNAPPLICABLE
Un*ap"pli*ca*ble, a.

Defn: Inapplicable.

UNAPPROPRIATE
Un`ap*pro"pri*ate, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + appropriate, a.]

1. Inappropriate; unsuitable.

2. Not appropriated. Bp. Warburton.

UNAPPROPRIATE
Un`ap*pro"pri*ate, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + appropriate, v. t.]

Defn: To take from private possession; to restore to the possession
or right of all; as, to unappropriate a monopoly. [R.] Milton.

UNAPPROPRIATED
Un`ap*pro"pri*a`ted, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + appropriated.]

1. Not specially appropriate; having not special application. J.
Warton.

2. Not granted to any person, corporation, or the like, to the
exclusion of others; as, unappropriated lands.

3. Not granted for, or applied to, any specific purpose; as, the
unappropriated moneys in the treasury.

UNAPPROVED
Un`ap*proved", a.

1. Not approved.

2. Not proved. [Obs.]

UNAPT
Un*apt", a.

1. Inapt; slow; dull. Bacon.

2. Unsuitable; unfit; inappropriate. Macaulay.

3. Not accustomed and not likely; not disposed.
I am a soldier and unapt to weep. Shak.
-- Un*apt"ly, adv.
 -- Un*apt"ness, n.

UNAQUIT
Un`a*quit", a. Etym: [See Un- not, and Acquit.]

Defn: Unrequited. [R. & Obs.] Gower.

UNARGUED
Un*ar"gued, a.

1. Not argued or debated.

2. Not argued against; undisputed. [Obs.] Milton.

3. Not censured. [A Latinism. Obs.] B. Jonson.

UNARM
Un*arm", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + arm.]

Defn: To disarm. Sir T. Browne.

UNARM
Un*arm", v. i.

Defn: To puff off, or lay down, one's arms or armor. "I'll unarm
again." Shak.

UNARMED
Un*armed", a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + armed.]

1. Not armed or armored; having no arms or weapons.

2. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Having no hard and sharp projections, as spines, prickles,
spurs, claws, etc.

UNARTED
Un*art"ed, a.

1. Ignorant of the arts. [Obs.] E. Waterhouse.

2. Not artificial; plain; simple. [Obs.] Feltham.

UNARTFUL
Un*art"ful, a.

Defn: Lacking art or skill; artless. Congreve.
 -- Un*art"ful*ly, adv. Swift. Burke.

UNARTISTIC
Un`ar*tis"tic, a.

Defn: Inartistic.

UNASCRIED
Un`a*scried", a.

Defn: Not descried. [Obs.]

UNASERVED
Un`a*served", a.

Defn: Not served. [Obs.]

UNASSENTED
Un`as*sent"ed, a.

Defn: Not assented; -- said specif. of stocks or bonds the holders of
which refuse to deposit them by way of assent to an agreement
altering their status, as in a readjustment.

UNASSUMING
Un`as*sum"ing, a.

Defn: Not assuming; not bold or forward; not arrogant or presuming;
humble; modest; retiring; as, an unassuming youth; unassuming
manners.

UNASSURED
Un`as*sured", a.

1. Not assured; not bold or confident.

2. Not to be trusted. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. Not insured against loss; as, unassured goods.

UNATONABLE
Un`a*ton"a*ble, a.

1. Not capable of being brought into harmony; irreconcilable.
"Unatonable matrimony." [Obs.] Milton.

2. Incapable of being atoned for; inexpiable.

UNATTACHED
Un`at*tached", a.

1. Not attached; not adhering; having no engagement; free.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: Not assigned to any company or regiment.

3. (Law)

Defn: Not taken or arrested. R. Junius.

UNATTENTIVE
Un`at*ten"tive, a.

Defn: Inattentive; careless.

UNATTIRE
Un`at*tire", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + altire.]

Defn: To divest of attire; to undress.

UNAU
U*nau", n. Etym: [Brazilian.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The two-toed sloth (Cholopus didactylus), native of South
America. It is about two feet long. Its color is a uniform grayish
brown, sometimes with a reddish tint.

UNAUDIENCED
Un*au"di*enced, a.

Defn: Not given an audience; not received or heard.

UNAUSPICIOUS
Un`aus*pi"cious, a.

Defn: Inauspicious. Rowe.

UNAUTHORIZE
Un*au"thor*ize, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + authorize.]

Defn: To disown the authority of; to repudiate.

UNAVOIDABLE
Un`a*void"a*ble, a.

1. Not avoidable; incapable of being shunned or prevented;
inevitable; necessary; as, unavoidable troubles.

2. (Law)

Defn: Not voidable; incapable of being made null or void. Blackstone.
Unavoidable hemorrhage (Med.), hemorrhage produced by the afterbirth,
or placenta, being situated over the mouth of the womb so as to
require detachment before the child can be born.
 -- Un`a*void"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Un`a*void"a*bly, adv.

UNAVOIDED
Un`a*void"ed, a.

1. Not avoided or shunned. Shak.

2. Unavoidable; inevitable. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

UNAWARE
Un`a*ware", a.

Defn: Not aware; not noticing; giving no heed; thoughtless;
inattentive. Swift.

UNAWARE
Un`a*ware", adv.

Defn: Unawares. [Poetic] Dryden.

UNAWARES
Un`a*wares", adv

Defn: , Without design or preparation; suddenly; without
premeditation, unexpectedly. "Mercies lighting unawares." J. H.
Newman.
Lest unawares we lose This our high place, our sanctuary, our hill.
Milton.
At unaware, or At unawares, unexpectedly; by surprise.
He breaks at unawares upon our walks. Dryden.
So we met In this old sleepy town an at unaware. R. Browning.

UNBACKED
Un*backed", a.

1. Never mounted by a rider; unbroken. "Unbacked colts." Shak.

2. Not supported or encouraged; not countenanced; unaided. Daniel.

UNBAG
Un*bag", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bag.]

Defn: To pour, or take, or let go, out of a bag or bags.

UNBALANCED
Un*bal"anced, a. Etym: [In senses 1 and 2, pref. un- not + balanced;
in sense 3, 1st pref. un- + balance.]

1. Not balanced; not in equipoise; having no counterpoise, or having
insufficient counterpoise.
Let Earth unbalanced from her orbit fly. Pope.

2. (Com.)

Defn: Not adjusted; not settled; not brought to an equality of debt
and credit; as, an unbalanced account; unbalanced books.

3. Being, or being thrown, out of equilibrium; hence, disordered or
deranged in sense; unsteady; unsound; as, an unbalanced mind. Pope.

UNBALLAST
Un*bal"last, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + ballast.]

Defn: To free from ballast; to discharge ballast from. Totten.

UNBALLAST
Un*bal"last, a.

Defn: Not ballasted. [Obs. & R.] Addison.

UNBALLASTED
Un*bal"last*ed, a.

1. Etym: [Properly p. p. unballast.]

Defn: Freed from ballast; having discharged ballast.

2. Etym: [Pref. un- not + ballasted.]

Defn: Not furnished with ballast; not kept steady by ballast;
unsteady; as, unballasted vessels; unballasted wits.
Unballasted by any sufficient weight of plan. De Quincey.

UNBANED
Un*ban"ed, a. Etym: [1st un- + band + -ed.]

Defn: Wanting a band or string; unfastened. [Obs.] Shak.

UNBANK
Un*bank", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bank.]

Defn: To remove a bank from; to open by, or as if by, the removal of
a bank. H. Taylor.

UNBAR
Un*bar", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bar.]

Defn: To remove a bar or bars from; to unbolt; to open; as, to unbar
a gate. Heber.

UNBARBED
Un*barbed", a.

1. Not shaven. [Obs.]

2. Destitute of bards, or of reversed points, hairs, or plumes; as,
an unbarded feather.

UNBARK
Un*bark", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bark rind.]

Defn: To deprive of the bark; to decorticate; to strip; as, to unbark
a tree. Bacon.

UNBARK
Un*bark", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bark the vessel.]

Defn: To cause to disembark; to land. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

UNBARREL
Un*bar"rel, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + barrel.]

Defn: To remove or release from a barrel or barrels.

UNBARRICADE
Un*bar`ri*cade", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + barricade.]

Defn: To unbolt; to unbar; to open.
You shall not unbarricade the door. J. Webster (1623).

UNBARRICADOED
Un*bar`ri*ca"doed, a.

Defn: Not obstructed by barricades; open; as, unbarricadoed streets.
Burke.

UNBASHFUL
Un*bash"ful, a.

Defn: Not bashful or modest; bold; impudent; shameless. Shak.

UNBAY
Un*bay", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bay to dam.]

Defn: To free from the restraint of anything that surrounds or
incloses; to let loose; to open. [Obs.]
I ought . . . to unbay the current of my passion. Norris.

UNBE
Un*be", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + be.]

Defn: To cause not to be; to cause to be another. [Obs. & R.]
How oft, with danger of the field beset, Or with home mutinies, would
he unbe Himself! Old Pay.

UNBEAR
Un*bear", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bear to support.]

Defn: To remove or loose the bearing rein of (a horse).

UNBEAT
Un*beat", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + beast.]

Defn: To deliver from the form or nature of a beast.

UNBECOME
Un`be*come", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + become.]

Defn: To misbecome. [Obs.] Bp. Sherlock.

UNBECOMING
Un`be*com"ing, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + becoming.]

Defn: Not becoming; unsuitable; unfit; indecorous; improper.
My grief lets unbecoming speeches fall. Dryden.
-- Un`be*com"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Un`be*com"ing*ness, n.

UNBED
Un*bed", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bed.]

Defn: To raise or rouse from bed.
Eels unbed themselves and stir at the noise of thunder. Wa

UNBEDINNED
Un`be*dinned", a.

Defn: Not filled with din.

UNBEFOOL
Un`be*fool", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + befool.]

Defn: To deliver from the state of a fool; to awaken the mind of; to
undeceive.

UNBEGET
Un`be*get", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + beget.]

Defn: To deprive of existence. Dryden.

UNBEGILT
Un`be*gilt", a.

Defn: Not gilded; hence, not rewarded with gold.

UNBEGOT; UNBEGOTTEN
Un`be*got", Un`be*got"ten, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + begot,
begotten.]

Defn: Not begot; not yet generated; also, having never been
generated; self-existent; eternal.

UNBEGUILE
Un`be*guile", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unbeguiled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Unbeguiling.] Etym: [1st pref. un- + beguile.]

Defn: To set free from the influence of guile; to undeceive. "Then
unbeguile thyself." Donne.

UNBEGUN
Un`be*gun", a.

Defn: Not yet begun; also, existing without a beginning.

UNBEHOVELY
Un`be*hove"ly, a.

Defn: Not behooving or becoming; unseemly. [Obs. & R.] Gower.

UNBEING
Un*be"ing, a.

Defn: Not existing. [Obs.] "Beings yet unbeing." Sir T. Browne.

UNBEKNOWN
Un`be*known", a.

Defn: Not known; unknown. [Colloq.]

UNBELIEF
Un`be*lief", n. Etym: [Pref. un- not + belief: cf. AS. ungeleáfa.]

1. The withholding of belief; doubt; incredulity; skepticism.

2. Disbelief; especially, disbelief of divine revelation, or in a
divine providence or scheme of redemption.
Blind unbelief is sure to err, And scan his work in vain. Cowper.

Syn.
 -- See Disbelief.

UNBELIEVED
Un`be*lieved", a.

Defn: Not believed; disbelieved.

UNBELIEVER
Un`be*liev"er, n.

1. One who does not believe; an incredulous person; a doubter; a
skeptic.

2. A disbeliever; especially, one who does not believe that the Bible
is a divine revelation, and holds that Christ was neither a divine
nor a supernatural person; an infidel; a freethinker.

Syn.
 -- See Infidel.

UNBELIEVING
Un`be*liev"ing, a.

1. Not believing; incredulous; doubting; distrusting; skeptical.

2. Believing the thing alleged no to be true; disbelieving;
especially, believing that Bible is not a divine revelation, or that
Christ was not a divine or a supernatural person. "Unbelieving Jews."
Acts xiv. 2.
 -- Un`be*liev"ing*ly, adv.
 -- -- Un`be*liev"ing*ness, n.

UNBELT
Un*belt", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + belt.]

Defn: To remove or loose the belt of; to ungird.

UNBEND
Un*bend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unbent; p. pr. & vb. n. Unbending.]
Etym: [1st pref. un- + bend.]

1. To free from flexure; to make, or allow to become, straight; to
loosen; as, to unbend a bow.

2. A remit from a strain or from exertion; to set at ease for a time;
to relax; as, to unbend the mind from study or care.
You do unbend your noble strength. Shak.

3. (Naut.)
(a) To unfasten, as sails, from the spars or stays to which they are
attached for use.
(b) To cast loose or untie, as a rope.

UNBEND
Un*bend", v. i.

1. To cease to be bent; to become straight or relaxed.

2. To relax in exertion, attention, severity, or the like; hence, to
indulge in mirth or amusement.

UNBENDING
Un*bend"ing, a. Etym: [In senses 1, 2, and 3, pref. un- not +
bending; in sense 4, properly p. pr. unbend.]

1. Not bending; not suffering flexure; not yielding to pressure;
stiff; -- applied to material things.
Flies o'er unbending corn, and skims along the main. Pope.

2. Unyielding in will; not subject to persuasion or influence;
inflexible; resolute; -- applied to persons.

3. Unyielding in nature; unchangeable; fixed; -- applied to abstract
ideas; as, unbending truths.

4. Devoted to relaxation or amusement. [R.]
It may entertain your lordships at an unbending hour. Rowe.
-- Un*bend"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Un*bend"ing*ness, n.

UNBENEVOLENCE
Un`be*nev"o*lence, n.

Defn: Absence or want of benevolence; ill will.

UNBENIGN
Un`be*nign", a.

Defn: Not benign; malignant.

UNBENUMB
Un`be*numb", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + benumb.]

Defn: To relieve of numbness; to restore sensation to.

UNBEREAVEN
Un`be*reav"en, a.

Defn: Unbereft. [R.]

UNBEREFT
Un`be*reft", a.

Defn: Not bereft; not taken away.

UNBESEEM
Un`be*seem", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + beseem.]

Defn: To be unbecoming or unsuitable to; to misbecome.

UNBESEEMING
Un`be*seem"ing, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + beseeming.]

Defn: Unbecoming; not befitting.
 -- Un`be*seem"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Un`be*seem"ing*ness, n.

UNBESPEAK
Un`be*speak", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bespeak.]

Defn: To unsay; hence, to annul or cancel. [Obs.] Pepys.

UNBETHINK
Un`be*think", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bethink.]

Defn: To change the mind of (one's self). [Obs.]

UNBEWARE
Un`be*ware", adv.

Defn: Unawares. [Obs.] Bale.

UNBEWITCH
Un`be*witch", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bewitch.]

Defn: To free from a spell; to disenchant. [R.] South.

UNBIAS
Un*bi"as, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bias.]

Defn: To free from bias or prejudice. Swift.

UNBIASED
Un*bi"ased, a. Etym: [Pref. un- + biased.]

Defn: Free from bias or prejudice; unprejudiced; impartial.
 -- Un*bi"ased*ness, n.

UNBID; UNBIDDEN
Un*bid", Un*bid"den, a.

1. Not bidden; not commanded.
Thorns also and thistles it shall bring thee forth Unbid; and thou
shalt eat the herb of the field. Milton.

2. Uninvited; as, unbidden guests. Shak.

3. Being without a prayer. [Obs.] Spenser.

UNBIND
Un*bind", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unbound; p. pr. & vb. n. Unbinding.]
Etym: [AS. unbindan. See Un-, and Bind.]

Defn: To remove a band from; to set free from shackles or fastenings;
to unite; to unfasten; to loose; as, unbind your fillets; to unbind a
prisoner's arms; to unbind a load.

UNBISHOP
Un*bish"op, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bishop.]

Defn: To deprive, as a city, of a bishop; to deprive, as a clergyman,
of episcopal dignity or rights. [R.] "Then he unbishops himself."
Milton.

UNBIT
Un*bit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unbitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Unbitting.]
Etym: [1st pref. un- + bit.] (Naut.)

Defn: To remove the turns of (a rope or cable) from the bits; as, to
unbit a cable. Totten.

UNBLEMISHED
Un*blem"ished, a.

Defn: Not blemished; pure; spotless; as, an unblemished reputation or
life. Addison.

UNBLESS
Un*bless", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bless.]

Defn: To deprive of blessings; to make wretched. [Obs.] Shak.

UNBLESSED; UNBLEST
Un*blessed", Un*blest, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + blessed, blest.]

Defn: Not blest; excluded from benediction; hence, accursed;
wretched. "Unblessed enchanter." Milton.

UNBLESTFUL
Un*blest"ful, a.

Defn: Unblessed. [R.] Sylvester.

UNBLIND
Un*blind", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + blind.]

Defn: To free from blindness; to give or restore sight to; to open
the eyes of. [R.] J. Webster (1607).

UNBLINDFOLD
Un*blind"fold`, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + blindfold.]

Defn: To free from that which blindfolds. Spenser.

UNBLOODY
Un*blood"y, a.

Defn: Not bloody. Dryden. Unbloody sacrifice. (a) A sacrifice in
which no victim is slain. (b) (R. C. Ch.) The Mass.

UNBLUSHING
Un*blush"ing, a.

Defn: Not blushing; shameless.
 -- Un*blush"ing*ly, adv.

UNBODY
Un*bod"y, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + body.]

Defn: To free from the body; to disembody.
Her soul unbodied of the burdenous corse. Spenser.

UNBODY
Un*bod"y, v. i.

Defn: To leave the body; to be disembodied; -- said of the soul or
spirit. [R.] Chaucer.

UNBOLT
Un*bolt", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bolt.]

Defn: To remove a bolt from; to unfasten; to unbar; to open. "He
shall unbolt the gates." Shak.

UNBOLT
Un*bolt", v. i.

Defn: To explain or unfold a matter; to make a revelation. [Obs.] "I
will unbolt to you." Shak.

UNBONE
Un*bone", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bone.]

1. To deprive of bones, as meat; to bone.

2. To twist about, as if boneless. [R.] Milton.

UNBONNET
Un*bon"net, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bonnet.]

Defn: To take a bonnet from; to take off one's bonnet; to uncover;
as, to unbonnet one's head. Sir W. Scott.

UNBOOKED
Un*booked", a.

Defn: Not written in a book; unrecorded. "UnbookedEnglish life."
Masson.

UNBOOT
Un*boot", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + boot.]

Defn: To take off the boots from.

UNBORN
Un*born", a.

Defn: Not born; no yet brought into life; being still to appear;
future.
Some unborn sorrow, ripe in fortune's womb. Shak.
See future sons, and daughters yet unborn. Pope.

UNBORROWED
Un*bor"rowed, a.

Defn: Not borrowed; being one's own; native; original.

UNBOSOM
Un*bos"om, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unbosomed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Unbosoming.] Etym: [1st pref. un- + bosom.]

Defn: To disclose freely; to reveal in confidence, as secrets; to
confess; -- often used reflexively; as, to unbosom one's self.
Milton.

UNBOSOMER
Un*bos"om*er, n.

Defn: One who unbosoms, or discloses. [R.] "An unbosomer of secrets."
Thackeray.

UNBOTTOMED
Un*bot"tomed, a.

1. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bottom + -ed.]

Defn: Deprived of a bottom.

2. Etym: [Pref. un- not + bottomed.]

Defn: Having no bottom; bottomless. Milton.

UNBOUND
Un*bound",

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Unbind.

UNBOUNDABLY
Un*bound"a*bly, adv.

Defn: Infinitely. [Obs.]
I am . . . unboundably beholding to you. J. Webster (1607).

UNBOUNDED
Un*bound"ed, a.

Defn: Having no bound or limit; as, unbounded space; an, unbounded
ambition. Addison.
 -- Un*bound"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Un*bound"ed*ness, n.

UNBOW
Un*bow", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bow.]

Defn: To unbend. [R.] Fuller.

UNBOWED
Un*bowed", a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + bowed.]

Defn: Not bent or arched; not bowed down. Byron.

UNBOWEL
Un*bow"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unboweled or Unbowelled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Unboweling or Unbowelling.] Etym: [1st pref. un- + bowel.]

Defn: To deprive of the entrails; to disembowel. Dr. H. More.

UNBOX
Un*box", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + box.]

Defn: To remove from a box or boxes.

UNBOY
Un*boy", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + boy.]

Defn: To divest of the traits of a boy. [R.] Clarendon.

UNBRACE
Un*brace", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + brace.]

Defn: To free from tension; to relax; to loose; as, to unbrace a
drum; to unbrace the nerves. Spenser.

UNBRAID
Un*braid", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + braid.]

Defn: To separate the strands of; to undo, as a braid; to unravel; to
disentangle.

UNBREAST
Un*breast", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + breast.]

Defn: To disclose, or lay open; to unbosom. [Obs.] P. Fletcher,

UNBREATHED
Un*breathed", a.

1. Not breathed.

2. Not exercised; unpracticed. [Obs.] "Their unbreathed memories."
Shak.

UNBRED
Un*bred", a.

1. Not begotten; unborn. [Obs.] "Thou age unbred." Shak.

2. Not taught or trained; -- with to. Dryden.

3. Not well-bred; ill-bred. [Obs.] Locke.

UNBREECH
Un*breech", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unbreeched; p. pr. & vb. n.
Unbreching.] Etym: [1st pref. un- + breech.]

1. To remove the breeches of; to divest or strip of breeches. Shak.

2. (Gun.)

Defn: To free the breech of, as a cannon, from its fastenings or
coverings. Pennant.

UNBREWED
Un*brewed", a.

Defn: Not made by brewing; unmixed; pure; genuine. [R.] Young.

UNBRIDLE
Un*bri"dle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bridle.]

Defn: To free from the bridle; to set loose.

UNBRIDLED
Un*bri"dled, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + bridled.]

Defn: Loosed from the bridle, or as from the bridle; hence,
unrestrained; licentious; violent; as, unbridled passions. "Unbridled
boldness." B. Jonson.
Lands deluged by unbridled floods. Wordsworth.
-- Un*bri"dled*ness, n. Abp. Leighton.

UNBROKEN
Un*bro"ken, a.

Defn: Not broken; continuous; unsubdued; as, an unbroken colt.

UNBUCKLE
Un*buc"kle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + buckle.]

Defn: To loose the buckles of; to unfasten; as, to unbuckle a shoe.
"Unbuckle anon thy purse." Chaucer.

UNBUILD
Un*build, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + build.]

Defn: To demolish; to raze. "To unbuild the city." Shak.

UNBUNDLE
Un*bun"dle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bundle.]

Defn: To release, as from a bundle; to disclose.

UNBUNG
Un*bung", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bung.]

Defn: To remove the bung from; as, to unbung a cask.

UNBURDEN
Un*bur"den, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + burden.]

1. To relieve from a burden.

2. To throw off, as a burden; to unload.

UNBURIABLE
Un*bur"i*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not ready or not proper to be buried. Tennyson.

UNBURROW
Un*bur"row, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + burrow.]

Defn: To force from a burrow; to unearth.

UNBURTHEN
Un*bur"then, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + burthen.]

Defn: To unburden; to unload.

UNBURY
Un*bur"y, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + bury.]

Defn: To disinter; to exhume; fig., to disclose.

UNBUSIED
Un*bus"ied, a.

Defn: Not required to work; unemployed; not busy. [R.]
These unbusied persons can continue in this playing idleness till it
become a toil. Bp. Rainbow

UNBUTTON
Un*but"ton, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + button.]

Defn: To loose the buttons of; to unfasten.

UNBUXOM
Un*bux"om, a.

Defn: Disobedient. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
 -- Un*bux"om*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Un*bux"om*ness, n. [Obs.]

UNCAGE
Un*cage", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cage.]

Defn: To loose, or release, from, or as from, a cage.

UNCALLED-FOR
Un*called"-for`, a.

Defn: Not called for; not required or needed; improper; gratuitous;
wanton.

UNCALM
Un*calm", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + calm.]

Defn: To disturb; to disquiet. Dryden.

UNCAMP
Un*camp", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + camp.]

Defn: To break up the camp of; to dislodge from camp. [R.]
If they could but now uncamp their enemies. Milton.

UNCANNY
Un*can"ny, a.

Defn: Not canny; unsafe; strange; weird; ghostly. Sir W. Scott.
 -- Un*can"ni*ness, n. G. Eliot.

UNCANONIZE
Un*can"on*ize, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + canonize.]

1. To deprive of canonical authority.

2. To reduce from the rank of a canonized saint.

UNCAP
Un*cap", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cap.]

Defn: To remove a cap or cover from.

UNCAPABLE
Un*ca"pa*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable. [Obs.] "Uncapable of conviction." Locke.

UNCAPE
Un*cape", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cape.]

Defn: To remove a cap or cape from. [Obs.]

UNCAPPER
Un*cap"per, n.

Defn: An instrument for removing an explode cap from a cartridge
shell.

UNCARDINAL
Un*car"di*nal, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cardinal.]

Defn: To degrade from the cardinalship.

UNCARED
Un*cared", a.

Defn: Not cared for; not heeded; -- with for.

UNCARNATE
Un*car"nate, a.

Defn: Not fleshy; specifically, not made flesh; not incarnate. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.

UNCARNATE
Un*car"nate, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + carnate.]

Defn: To divest of flesh.

UNCART
Un*cart", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cart.]

Defn: To take from, or set free from, a cart; to unload.

UNCASE
Un*case", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + case.]

1. To take out of a case or covering; to remove a case or covering
from; to uncover. L'Estrange.

2. To strip; to flay. [Obs.]

3. (Mil.)

Defn: To display, or spread to view, as a flag, or the colors of a
military body.

UNCASTLE
Un*cas"tle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + castle.]

Defn: To take a castle from; to turn out of a castle.

UNCAUSED
Un*caused", a.

Defn: Having no antecedent cause; uncreated; self-existent; eternal.
A. Baxter.

UNCAUTELOUS
Un*cau"te*lous, a.

Defn: Incautious. [Obs.]

UNCAUTIOUS
Un*cau"tious, a.

Defn: Incautious.

UNCAUTIOUSLY
Un*cau"tious*ly, adv.

Defn: Incautiously.

UNCE
Unce, n. Etym: [L. uncus hook.]

Defn: A claw. [Obs.]

UNCE
Unce, n. Etym: [L. uncia ounce. See Ounce a weight.]

Defn: An ounce; a small portion. [Obs.] "By unces hung his locks."
Chaucer.

UNCEASABLE
Un*ceas"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being ended; unceasing. [R.]

UNCENTER; UNCENTRE
Un*cen"ter, Un*cen"tre, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + center.]

Defn: To throw from its center.

UNCENTURY
Un*cen"tu*ry, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + century.]

Defn: To remove from its actual century. [R.]
It has first to uncentury itself. H. Drummond.

UNCERTAIN
Un*cer"tain, a. Etym: [Pref. un- + certain. Cf. Incertain.]

1. Not certain; not having certain knowledge; not assured in mind;
distrustful. Chaucer.
Man, without the protection of a superior Being, . . . is uncertain
of everything that he hopes for. Tillotson.

2. Irresolute; inconsonant; variable; untrustworthy; as, an uncertain
person; an uncertain breeze.
O woman! in our hours of ease, Uncertain, coy, and hard to please!
Sir W. Scott.

3. Questionable; equivocal; indefinite; problematical. "The fashion
of uncertain evils." Milton.
From certain dangers to uncertain praise. Dryden.

4. Not sure; liable to fall or err; fallible.
Soon bent his bow, uncertain in his aim. Dryden.
Whistling slings dismissed the uncertain stone. Gay.

Syn.
 -- See Precarious.

UNCERTAIN
Un*cer"tain, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + certain; or fr. uncertain,
a.]

Defn: To make uncertain. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

UNCERTAINLY
Un*cer"tain*ly, adv.

Defn: In an uncertain manner.

UNCERTAINTY
Un*cer"tain*ty, n.; pl. Uncertainties (.

1. The quality or state of being uncertain.

2. That which is uncertain; something unknown.
Our shepherd's case is every man's case that quits a moral certainty
for an uncertainty. L'Estrange.

UNCESSANT
Un*ces"sant, a.

Defn: Incessant. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
 -- Un*ces"sant*ly, adv. [Obs.]

UNCHAIN
Un*chain", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + chain.]

Defn: To free from chains or slavery; to let loose. Prior.

UNCHANCY
Un*chan"cy, a. Etym: [Pref un- + Scot. chancy fortunate, safe.]

1. Happening at a bad time; unseasonable; inconvenient. A. Trollope.

2. Ill-fated; unlucky. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

3. Unsafe to meddle with; dangerous. [Scot.]

UNCHAPLAIN
Un*chap"lain, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + chaplain.]

Defn: To remove from a chaplaincy.

UNCHARGE
Un*charge", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + charge.]

1. To free from a charge or load; to unload. Wyclif.

2. To free from an accusation; to make no charge against; to acquit.
Shak.

UNCHARIOT
Un*char"i*ot, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + chariot.]

Defn: To throw out of a chariot. Pope.

UNCHARITABLE
Un*char"i*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Not charitable; contrary to charity; severe in judging; harsh;
censorious; as, uncharitable opinions or zeal. Addison.
 -- Un*char"i*ta*ble*ness, n.
 -- Un*char"i*ta*bly, adv.

UNCHARITY
Un*char"i*ty, n.

Defn: Uncharitableness. Tennyson.
'T were much uncharity in you. J. Webster.

UNCHARM
Un*charm", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + charm.]

Defn: To release from a charm, fascination, or secret power; to
disenchant. Beau. & Fl.

UNCHARNEL
Un*char"nel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Uncharneled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Uncharneling.] Etym: [1st pref. un- + charnel.]

Defn: To remove from a charnel house; to raise from the grave; to
exhume. Byron.

UNCHASTE
Un*chaste", a.

Defn: Not chaste; not continent; lewd.
 -- Un*chaste"ly, adv.
 -- Un*chaste"ness, n.

UNCHASTITY
Un*chas"ti*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unchaste; lewdness; incontinence.

UNCHECKABLE
Un*check"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being checked or stopped. [R.]

UNCHILD
Un*child", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + child.]

1. To bereave of children; to make childless. Shak.

2. To make unlike a child; to divest of the characteristics of a
child. Bp. Hall.

UNCHRISTEN
Un*chris"ten, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + christen.]

Defn: To render unchristian. [Obs. & R.] Milton.

UNCHRISTENED
Un*chris"tened, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + christened.]

Defn: Not christened; as, an unchristened child.

UNCHRISTIAN
Un*chris"tian, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + Christian.]

1. Not Christian; not converted to the Christian faith; infidel.

2. Contrary to Christianity; not like or becoming a Christian; as,
unchristian conduct.

UNCHRISTIAN
Un*chris"tian, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + Christian.]

Defn: To make unchristian. [Obs.] South.

UNCHRISTIANIZE
Un*chris"tian*ize, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + Christianize.]

Defn: To turn from the Christian faith; to cause to abandon the
belief and profession of Christianity.

UNCHRISTIANLY
Un*chris"tian*ly, a.

Defn: Unchristian. Milton.

UNCHRISTIANLY
Un*chris"tian*ly, adv.

Defn: In an unchristian manner.

UNCHRISTIANNESS
Un*chris"tian*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unchristian. [R.] Eikon Basilike.

UNCHURCH
Un*church", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + church.]

1. To expel, or cause to separate, from a church; to excommunicate.
Sir M. Hale.

2. To deprive of the character, privileges, and authority of a
church. South.

UNCIA
Un"ci*a, n.; pl. Unciæ. Etym: [L. See Ounce a measure of weight.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A twelfth part, as of the Roman as; an ounce.

2. (Alg.)

Defn: A numerical coefficient in any particular case of the binomial
theorem. [Obs.]

UNCIAL
Un"cial, a. Etym: [L. uncialis amounting to the twelfth part of a
pound or a foot, from uncia the twelfth part of a pound or of a foot,
an ounce, an inch: cf. F. oncial. See Inch a measure.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a certain style of letters
used in ancient manuscripts, esp. in Greek and Latin manuscripts. The
letters are somewhat rounded, and the upstrokes and downstrokes
usually have a slight inclination. These letters were used as early
as the 1st century b. c., and were seldom used after the 10th century
a. d., being superseded by the cursive style.

UNCIAL
Un"cial, n.

Defn: An uncial letter.

UNCIATIM
Un`ci*a"tim, adv. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Ounce by ounce.

UNCIFORM
Un"ci*form, a. Etym: [L. uncus a hook + -form.]

Defn: Having the shape of a hook; being of a curved or hooked from;
hooklike. Unciform bone (Anat.), a bone of the carpus at the bases of
the fourth and fifth metacarpals; the hamatum.

UNCIFORM
Un"ci*form, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The unciform bone. See Illust. of Perissodactyla.

UNCINATA
Un`ci*na"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. uncinus a hook.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of marine chætopod annelids which are furnished with
uncini, as the serpulas and sabellas.

UNCINATE
Un"ci*nate, a. Etym: [L. uncinatus, from uncinus a hook, from uncus a
hook.]

Defn: Hooked; bent at the tip in the form of a hook; as, an uncinate
process.

UNCINATUM
Un`ci*na"tum, n. Etym: [NL., from L. uncinatus hooked.] (Anat.)

Defn: The unciform bone.

UNCINUS
Un*ci"nus, n.; pl. Uncini. Etym: [L., a hook.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the peculiar minute chitinous hooks found in large
numbers in the tori of tubicolous annelids belonging to the Uncinata.

UNCIPHER
Un*ci"pher, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cipher.]

Defn: To decipher; as, to uncipher a letter. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

UNCIRCUMCISED
Un*cir"cum*cised, n.

Defn: Not circumcised; hence, not of the Israelites. "This
uncircumcised Philistine." 1 Sam. xvii. 26.

UNCIRCUMCISION
Un*cir`cum*ci"sion, n.

1. The absence or want of circumcision.

2. (Script.)

Defn: People not circumcised; the Gentiles.

UNCIRCUMSTANDTIAL
Un*cir`cum*stand"tial, a.

1. Not circumstantial; not entering into minute particulars.

2. Not important; not pertinent; trivial. [Obs.]

UNCITY
Un*cit"y, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + city.]

Defn: To deprive of the rank or rights of a city. [Obs.]

UNCIVIL
Un*civ"il, a.

1. Not civilized; savage; barbarous; uncivilized.
Men can not enjoy the rights of an uncivil and of a civil state
together. Burke.

2. Not civil; not complaisant; discourteous; impolite; rude;
unpolished; as, uncivil behavior.

UNCIVILITY
Un`ci*vil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Incivility. [Obs.]

UNCIVILIZATION
Un*civ`i*li*za"tion, n.

Defn: The state of being uncivilized; savagery or barbarism. [R.]

UNCIVILIZED
Un*civ"i*lized, a.

1. Not civilized; not reclaimed from savage life; rude; barbarous;
savage; as, the uncivilized inhabitants of Central Africa.

2. Not civil; coarse; clownish. [R.] Addison.

UNCIVILTY
Un*civ"il*ty, adv.

Defn: In an uncivil manner.

UNCLASP
Un*clasp", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + clasp.]

Defn: To loose the clasp of; to open, as something that is fastened,
or as with, a clasp; as, to unclasp a book; to unclasp one's heart.

UNCLE
Un"cle, n. Etym: [OE. uncle, OF. oncle, uncle, F. oncle, fr. L.
avunculus a maternal uncle, dim. of avus a grandfather; akin to Lith.
avynas uncle, Goth. aw grandmother, Icel. ai great grandfather.]

1. The brother of one's father or mother; also applied to an aunt's
husband; -- the correlative of aunt in sex, and of nephew and niece
in relationship.

2. A pawnbroker. [Slang] Thackeray. My uncle, a pawnbroker. [Slang] -
- Uncle Sam, a humorous appellation given to the United States
Government. See Uncle Sam, in Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.

UNCLEAN
Un*clean", a. Etym: [AS. uncl. See Unnot, and Clean.]

1. Not clean; foul; dirty; filthy.

2. Ceremonially impure; needing ritual cleansing.
He that toucheth the dead body of any man shall be unclean seven
days. Num. xix. 11.

3. Morally impure. "Adultery of the heart, consisting of inordinate
and unclean affections." Perkins.
 -- Un*clean"ly, adv.
 -- Un*clean"ness, n. Unclean animals (Script.), those which the
Israelites were forbidden to use for food.
 -- Unclean spirit (Script.), a wicked spirit; a demon. Mark i. 27.

UNCLEANSABLE
Un*cleans"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being cleansed or cleaned.

UNCLENCH
Un*clench", v. t.

Defn: Same as Unclinch.

UNCLESHIP
Un"cle*ship, n.

Defn: The office or position of an uncle. Lamb.

UNCLEW
Un*clew", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + clew.]

Defn: To unwind, unfold, or untie; hence, to undo; to ruin. Shak.

UNCLINCH
Un*clinch", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + clinch.]

Defn: To cause to be no longer clinched; to open; as, to unclinch the
fist. [Written also unclench.]

UNCLING
Un*cling", v. i. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cling.]

Defn: To cease from clinging or adhering. [Obs.] Milton.

UNCLOAK
Un*cloak", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cloak.]

Defn: To remove a cloak or cover from; to deprive of a cloak or
cover; to unmask; to reveal.

UNCLOAK
Un*cloak", v. i.

Defn: To remove, or take off, one's cloak.

UNCLOG
Un*clog", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + clog.]

Defn: To disencumber of a clog, or of difficulties and obstructions;
to free from encumbrances; to set at liberty. Shak.

UNCLOISTER
Un*clois"ter, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cloister.]

Defn: To release from a cloister, or from confinement or seclusion;
to set free; to liberate.

UNCLOSE
Un*close", v. t. & i. Etym: [1st pref. un- + close.]

1. To open; to separate the parts of; as, to unclose a letter; to
unclose one's eyes.

2. To disclose; to lay open; to reveal.

UNCLOSED
Un*closed", a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + closed.]

1. Not separated by inclosures; open. Clarendon.

2. Not finished; not concluded. [R.] Madison.

3. Not closed; not sealed; open. Byron.

UNCLOTHE
Un*clothe", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + clothe.]

Defn: To strip of clothes or covering; to make naked. I. Watts.
[We] do groan being burdened; not for that we would be unclothed, but
clothed upon. 2 Cor. v. 4.

UNCLOTHED
Un*clothed", a.

1. Etym: [Properly p. p. of unclothe.]

Defn: Divested or stripped of clothing. Byron.

2. Etym: [Pref. un- not + clothed.]

Defn: Not yet clothed; wanting clothes; naked.
 -- Un*cloth"ed*ly, adv. [Obs.] Bacon.

UNCLOUD
Un*cloud", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cloud.]

Defn: To free from clouds; to unvail; to clear from obscurity, gloom,
sorrow, or the like. Beau. & Fl.

UNCLUE
Un*clue", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + clue.]

Defn: To unwind; to untangle.

UNCLUTCH
Un*clutch", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + clutch.]

1. To open, as something closely shut. "Unclutch his griping hand."
Dr. H. More.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: To disengage, as a clutch.

UNCO
Un"co, a. Etym: [Scot. The same word as E. uncouth.]

Defn: Unknown; strange, or foreign; unusual, or surprising; distant
in manner; reserved. [Scot.]

UNCO
Un"co, adv.

Defn: In a high degree; to a great extent; greatly; very. [Prov. Eng.
& Scot.]

UNCO
Un"co, n.

Defn: A strange thing or person. [Scot.]

UNCOACH
Un*coach", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + coach.]

Defn: To detach or loose from a coach. [Obs.] Chapman.

UNCOCK
Un*cock", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cock.]

1. To let down the cock of, as a firearm.

2. To deprive of its cocked shape, as a hat, etc.

3. To open or spread from a cock or heap, as hay.

UNCOFFLE
Un*cof"fle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + coffle.]

Defn: To release from a coffle.

UNCOIF
Un*coif", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + coif.]

Defn: To deprive of the coif or cap. Young.

UNCOIL
Un*coil", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + coil.]

Defn: To unwind or open, as a coil of rope. Derham.

UNCOINED
Un*coined", a.

1. Not coined, or minted; as, uncoined silver. Locke.

2. Not fabricated; not artificial or counterfeit; natural. "Plain and
uncoined constancy." Shak.

UNCOLT
Un*colt", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + colt.]

Defn: To unhorse. [Obs. & R.] Shak.

UNCOMBINE
Un`com*bine", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + combine.]

Defn: To separate, as substances in combination; to release from
combination or union. [R.] Daniel.

UNCOMEATABLE
Un`come*at"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not to be come at, or reached; inaccessible. [Colloq.] Addison.
My honor is infallible and uncomeatable. Congreve.

UNCOMELY
Un*come"ly, a.

Defn: Not comely.
 -- adv. In an uncomely manner. 1 Cor. vii. 36.

UNCOMFORTABLE
Un*com"fort*a*ble, a.

1. Feeling discomfort; uneasy; as, to be uncomfortable on account of
one's position.

2. Causing discomfort; disagreeable; unpleasant; as, an uncomfortable
seat or situation.
The most dead, uncomfortable time of the year. Addison.
-- Un*com"fort*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Un*com"fort*a*bly, adv.

UNCOMMON
Un*com"mon, a.

Defn: Not common; unusual; infrequent; rare; hence, remarkable;
strange; as, an uncommon season; an uncommon degree of cold or heat;
uncommon courage.

Syn.
 -- Rare; scarce; infrequent; unwonted.
 -- Un*com"mon*ly, adv.
 -- Un*com"mon*ness, n.

UNCOMPLETE
Un`com*plete", a.

Defn: Incomplete. Pope.

UNCOMPREHEND
Un*com`pre*hend, v. t. Etym: [1st un- + comprehend.]

Defn: To fail to comprehend. [R.] Daniel.

UNCOMPREHENSIVE
Un*com`pre*hen"sive, a.

1. Unable to comprehend.
Narrow-spirited, uncomprehensive zealots. South.

2. Incomprehensible. [Obs.] Shak.

UNCOMPROMISING
Un*com"pro*mi`sing, a.

Defn: Not admitting of compromise; making no truce or concessions;
obstinate; unyielding; inflexible.
 -- Un*com"pro*mi`sing*ly, adv.

UNCONCEIVABLE
Un`con*ceiv"a*ble, a.

Defn: Inconceivable. [Obs.] Locke.
 -- Un`con*ceiv"a*ble*ness, n. [Obs.] -- Un`con*ceiv"a*bly, adv.
[Obs.]

UNCONCERN
Un`con*cern", n.

Defn: Want of concern; absence of anxiety; freedom from solicitude;
indifference.
A listless unconcern, Cold, and averting from our neighbor's good.
Thomson.

UNCONCERNED
Un`con*cerned", a.

Defn: Not concerned; not anxious or solicitous; easy in mind;
carelessly secure; indifferent; as, to be unconcerned at what has
happened; to be unconcerned about the future.
 -- Un`con*cern"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Un`con*cern"ed*ness, n.
Happy mortals, unconcerned for more. Dryden.

UNCONCERNING
Un`con*cern"ing, a.

Defn: Not interesting of affecting; insignificant; not belonging to
one. [Obs.] Addison.

UNCONCERNMENT
Un`con*cern"ment, n.

Defn: The state of being unconcerned, or of having no share or
concern; unconcernedness. [Obs.] South.

UNCONCLUDENT; UNCONCLUDING
Un`con*clud"ent, Un`con*clud"ing, a.

Defn: Inconclusive. [Obs.] Locke.
 -- Un`con*clud"ing*ness, n. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

UNCONCLUSIVE
Un`con*clu"sive, a.

Defn: Inconclusive. [Obs.]

UNCONDITIONAL
Un`con*di"tion*al, a.

Defn: Not conditional limited, or conditioned; made without
condition; absolute; unreserved; as, an unconditional surrender.
O, pass not, Lord, an absolute decree, Or bind thy sentence
unconditional. Dryden.
-- Un`con*di"tion*al*ly, adv.

UNCONDITIONED
Un`con*di"tioned, a.

1. Not conditioned or subject to conditions; unconditional.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: Not subject to condition or limitations; infinite; absolute;
hence, inconceivable; incogitable. Sir W. Hamilton. The unconditioned
(Metaph.), all that which is inconceivable and beyond the realm of
reason; whatever is inconceivable under logical forms or relations.

UNCONFIDENCE
Un*con"fi*dence, n.

Defn: Absence of confidence; uncertainty; doubt.

UNCONFORM
Un`con*form", a.

Defn: Unlike. [Obs.]
Not unconform to other shining globes. Milton.

UNCONFORMABILITY
Un`con*form`a*bil"i*ty, n.

1. The quality or state of being unconformable; unconformableness.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Want of parallelism between one series of strata and another,
especially when due to a disturbance of the position of the earlier
strata before the latter were deposited.

UNCONFORMABLE
Un`con*form"a*ble, a.

1. Not conformable; not agreeable; not conforming.
Moral evil is an action unconformable to it [the rule of our duty].
I. Watts.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Not conformable; not lying in a parallel position; as,
unconformable strata.
 -- Un`con*form"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Un`con*form"a*bly, adv.

UNCONFORMIST
Un`con*form"ist, n.

Defn: A nonconformist. [Obs.]

UNCONFORMITY
Un`con*form"i*ty, n.

1. Want of conformity; incongruity; inconsistency. South.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Want of parallelism between strata in contact.

Note: With some authors unconformity is equivalent to
unconformability; but it is often used more broadly, for example, to
include the case when the parallelism of strata once conformable has
been disturbed by faulting and the like.

UNCONFOUND
Un`con*found", v. t. Etym: [1st un- + confound.]

Defn: To free from a state of confusion, or of being confounded.
Milton.

UNCONFOUNDED
Un`con*found"ed, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + confounded.]

Defn: Not confounded. Bp. Warburton.

UNCONGEAL
Un`con*geal", v. i. Etym: [1st un- + congeal.]

Defn: To thaw; to become liquid again. Tennyson.

UNCONNING
Un*con"ning, a.

Defn: Not knowing; ignorant. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- n.

Defn: Ignorance. [Obs.]

UNCONQUERABLE
Un*con"quer*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not conquerable; indomitable.
 -- Un*con"quer*a*bly, adv.

UNCONSCIONABLE
Un*con"scion*a*ble, a.

1. Not conscionable; not conforming to reason; unreasonable;
exceeding the limits of any reasonable claim or expectation;
inordinate; as, an unconscionable person or demand; unconscionable
size.
Which use of reason, most reasonless and unconscionable, is the
utmost that any tyrant ever pretended. Milton.
His giantship is gone somewhat crestfallen, Stalking with less
unconscionable strides. Milton.

2. Not guided by, or conformed to, conscience. [Obs.]
Ungenerous as well as unconscionable practices. South.
-- Un*con"scion*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Un*con"scion*a*bly, adv.

UNCONSCIOUS
Un*con"scious, a.

1. Not conscious; having no consciousness or power of mental
perception; without cerebral appreciation; hence, not knowing or
regarding; ignorant; as, an unconscious man. Cowper.

2. Not known or apprehended by consciousness; as, an unconscious
cerebration. "Unconscious causes." Blackmore.

3. Having no knowledge by experience; -- followed by of; as, a mule
unconscious of the yoke. Pope.
 -- Un*con"scious-ly, adv.
 -- Un*con"scious*ness, n.

UNCONSECRATE
Un*con"se*crate, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + consecrate.]

Defn: To render not sacred; to deprive of sanctity; to desecrate.
[Obs.] South.

UNCONSEQUENTIAL
Un*con`se*quen"tial, a.

Defn: Inconsequential. Johnson.

UNCONSIDERATE
Un`con*sid"er*ate, a.

Defn: Inconsiderate; heedless; careless. [Obs.] Daniel.
 -- Un`con*sid"er*ate*ness, n. [Obs.] Hales.

UNCONSIDERED
Un`con*sid"ered, a.

Defn: Not considered or attended to; not regarded; inconsiderable;
trifling.
A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles. Shak.

UNCONSONANT
Un*con"so*nant, a.

Defn: Incongruous; inconsistent. "A thing unconsonant.' Hooker.

UNCONSPICUOUS
Un`con*spic"u*ous, a.

Defn: Inconspicuous. [R.] Ed. Rev.

UNCONSTANCY
Un*con"stan*cy, n.

Defn: Inconstancy. [Obs.] "The unconstancy of the foundation."
Fuller.

UNCONSTANT
Un*con"stant, a.

Defn: Not constant; inconstant; fickle; changeable. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- Un*con"stant*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Un*con"stant*ness, n. [Obs.]

UNCONSTITUTIONAL
Un*con`sti*tu"tion*al, a.

Defn: Not constitutional; not according to, or consistent with, the
terms of a constitution of government; contrary to the constitution;
as, an unconstitutional law, or act of an officer. Burke.
 -- Un*con`sti*tu"tion*al"i*ty, n.
 -- Un*con`sti*tu"tion*al-ly, adv.

UNCONSTRAINT
Un`con*straint", n.

Defn: Freedom from constraint; ease. Felton.

UNCONSUMMATE
Un`con*sum"mate, a.

Defn: Not consummated; not accomplished. [Obs.] Dryden.

UNCONTESTABLE
Un`con*test"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incontestable.

UNCONTINENT
Un*con"ti*nent, a.

Defn: Not continent; incontinent. Wyclif (2 Tim. iii. 3).

UNCONTROLLABLE
Un`con*trol"la*ble, a.

1. Incapable of being controlled; ungovernable; irresistible; as, an
uncontrollable temper; uncontrollable events.

2. Indisputable; irrefragable; as, an uncontrollable maxim; an
uncontrollable title. [R.] Swift.
 -- Un`con*trol"la*ble*ness, n.
 -- Un`con*trol"la*bly, adv.

UNCONTROVERSORY
Un*con`tro*ver"so*ry, a.

Defn: Not involving controversy. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

UNCONTROVERTIBLE
Un*con`tro*ver"ti*ble, a.

Defn: Incontrovertible.

UNCONTROVERTIBLY
Un*con`tro*ver"ti*bly, adv.

Defn: Incontrovertibly.

UNCONVENIENT
Un`con*ven"ient, a.

Defn: Inconvenient. Bale.
 -- Un`con*ven"ient*ly, adv. Udall.

UNCONVERSION
Un`con*ver"sion, n.

Defn: The state of being unconverted; impenitence. [R.]

UNCONVERTED
Un`con*vert"ed, a.

1. Not converted or exchanged.

2. Not changed in opinion, or from one faith to another.
Specifically: --
(a) Not persuaded of the truth of the Christian religion; heathenish.
Hooker.
(b) Unregenerate; sinful; impenitent. Baxter.

UNCORD
Un*cord", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cord.]

Defn: To release from cords; to loosen the cord or cords of; to
unfasten or unbind; as, to uncord a package.

UNCORK
Un*cork", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cork.]

Defn: To draw the cork from; as, to uncork a bottle.

UNCORRECT
Un`cor*rect", a.

Defn: Incorrect. Dryden.

UNCORRIGIBLE
Un*cor"ri*gi*ble, a.

Defn: Incorrigible; not capable of correction. [Obs.]

UNCORRUPT
Un`cor*rupt", a.

Defn: Incorrupt.

UNCORRUPTIBLE
Un`cor*rupt"i*ble, a.

Defn: Incorruptible. "The glory of the uncorruptible God." Rom. i.
23.

UNCORRUPTION
Un`cor*rup"tion, n.

Defn: Incorruption.

UNCOUPLE
Un*cou"ple, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + couple.]

Defn: To loose, as dogs, from their couples; also, to set loose; to
disconnect; to disjoin; as, to uncouple railroad cars.

UNCOUPLE
Un*cou"ple, v. i.

Defn: To roam at liberty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

UNCOURTLINESS
Un*court"li*ness, n.

Defn: Absence of courtliness; rudeness; rusticity. Addison.

UNCOUS
Un"cous, a. Etym: [L. uncus hooked, as n., a hook.]

Defn: Hooklike; hooked. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

UNCOUTH
Un*couth", a. Etym: [OE. uncouth, AS. unc unknown, strange: un- (see
Un- not) + c known, p. p. of cunnan to know. See Can to be able, and
cf. Unco, Unked.]

1. Unknown. [Obs.] "This uncouth errand." Milton.
To leave the good that I had in hand, In hope of better that was
uncouth. Spenser.

2. Uncommon; rare; exquisite; elegant. [Obs.]
Harness . . . so uncouth and so rish. Chaucer.

3. Unfamiliar; strange; hence, mysterious; dreadful; also, odd;
awkward; boorish; as, uncouth manners. "Uncouth in guise and
gesture." I. Taylor.
I am surprised with an uncouth fear. Shak.
Thus sang the uncouth swain. Milton.

Syn.
 -- See Awkward.
 -- Un*couth"ly, adv.
 -- Un*couth"ness, n.

UNCOVENABLE
Un*cov"e*na*ble, a.

Defn: Not covenable; inconvenient. [Obs.] Wyclif (1 Tim. iv. 7).

UNCOVENANTED
Un*cov"e*nant*ed, a.

1. Not covenanted; not granted or entered into under a covenant,
agreement, or contract. Bp. Horsley.

2. Not having joined in a league, or assented to a covenant or
agreement, as to the Solemn League and Covenant of the Scottish
people in the times of the Stuarts.
In Scotland a few fanatical nonjurors may have grudged their
allegiance to an uncovenanted king. Sir T. E. May.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: Not having entered into relationship with God through the
appointed means of grace; also, not promised or assured by the divine
promises or conditions; as, uncovenanted mercies.

UNCOVER
Un*cov"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Uncovered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Uncovering.] Etym: [1st pref. un- + cover.]

1. To take the cover from; to divest of covering; as, to uncover a
box, bed, house, or the like; to uncover one's body.

2. To show openly; to disclose; to reveal. "To uncover his perjury to
the oath of his coronation." Milton.

3. To divest of the hat or cap; to bare the head of; as, to uncover
one's head; to uncover one's self.

UNCOVER
Un*cov"er, v. i.

1. To take off the hat or cap; to bare the head in token of respect.
We are forced to uncover after them. Addison.

2. To remove the covers from dishes, or the like.
Uncover, dogs, and lap. Shak.

UNCOWL
Un*cowl", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + cowl.]

Defn: To divest or deprive of a cowl. Pope.

UNCREATE
Un`cre*ate", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + create.]

Defn: To deprive of existence; to annihilate.
Who can uncreate thee, thou shalt know. Milton.

UNCREATE
Un`cre*ate", a. Etym: [Pref. un- + create, a.]

Defn: Uncreated; self-existent. Book of Common Prayer.

UNCREATED
Un`cre*at"ed, a. Etym: [In sense 1, properly p. p. of uncreate; in
senses 2 and 3, pref. un- + created.]

1. Deprived of existence; annihilated. Beau. & Fl.

2. Not yet created; as, misery uncreated. Milton.

3. Not existing by creation; self-existent; eternal; as, God is an
uncreated being. Locke.

UNCREATEDNESS
Un`cre*at"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being uncreated.

UNCREDIBLE
Un*cred"i*ble, a.

Defn: Incredible. Bacon.

UNCREDIT
Un*cred"it, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + credit.]

Defn: To cause to be disbelieved; to discredit. [Obs.] Fuller.

UNCREDITABLE
Un*cred"it*a*ble, a.

Defn: Discreditable. [Obs.]

UNCROWN
Un*crown", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + crown.]

Defn: To deprive of a crown; to take the crown from; hence, to
discrown; to dethrone.
He hath done me wrong, And therefore I'll uncrown him ere't be long.
Shak.

UNCRUDDED
Un*crud"ded, a. Etym: [See Un- not, and Curd.]

Defn: Not cruddled, or curdled. [Obs.]
Her breast like to a bowl of cream uncrudded. Spenser.

UNCTION
Unc"tion, n. Etym: [OE. unccioun, uncioun, OF. oncion, onction, F.
onction, fr. L. unctio, fr. ungere, unctum, to anoint. See Unguent.]

1. The act of anointing, smearing, or rubbing with an unguent, oil,
or ointment, especially for medical purposes, or as a symbol of
consecration; as, mercurial unction.
To be heir, and to be king By sacred unction, thy deserved right.
Milton.

2. That which is used for anointing; an unguent; an ointment; hence,
anything soothing or lenitive.
The king himself the sacred unction made. Dryden.
Lay not that flattering unction to your soul. Shak.

3. Divine or sanctifying grace. [R.]

4. That quality in language, address, or the like, which excites
emotion; especially, strong devotion; religious fervor and
tenderness; sometimes, a simulated, factitious, or unnatural fervor.
The delightful equivoque and unction of the passage in Farquhar.
Hazlitt.
The mention of thy glory Is unction to the breast. Neale (Rhythm of
St. Bernard).
Extreme unction (R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.), the sacrament of anointing in
the last hours; the application of consecrated oil by a priest to all
the senses, that is, to eyes, ears, nostrils, etc., of a person when
in danger of death from illness, -- done for remission of sins.
[James v. 14, 15.]

UNCTIOUS
Unc"tious, a.

Defn: Unctuous. [Obs.]

UNCTUOSITY
Unc`tu*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. onctuosité.]

Defn: Quality or state of being unctuous. Sir T. Browne.

UNCTUOUS
Unc"tu*ous, a. Etym: [F. onctueux, LL. unctuosus, fr. L. unctus
anointment, fr. ungere, unctum, to anoint. See Unguent.]

1. Of the nature or quality of an unguent or ointment; fatty; oily;
greasy. "The unctuous cheese." Longfellow.

2. Having a smooth, greasy feel, as certain minerals.

3. Bland; suave; also, tender; fervid; as, an unctuous speech;
sometimes, insincerely suave or fervid.
 -- Unc"tu*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Unc"tu*ous*ness, n.

UNCULPABLE
Un*cul"pa*ble, a.

Defn: Inculpable; not blameworthy. [R.] Hooker.

UNCULT
Un*cult", a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + L. cultus, p. p. of colere to
cultivate. Cf. Incult.]

Defn: Not cultivated; rude; illiterate. [Obs.]

UNCULTURE
Un*cul"ture, n.

Defn: Want of culture. "Idleness, ill husbandry . . . unculture." Bp.
Hall.

UNCUNNING
Un*cun"ning, a.

Defn: Ignorant. [Obs.]
I am young and uncunning, as thou wost [knowest]. Chaucer.

UNCUNNINGLY
Un*cun"ning*ly, adv.

Defn: Ignorantly. [Obs.]

UNCUNNINGNESS
Un*cun"ning*ness, n.

Defn: Ignorance. [Obs.]

UNCURABLE
Un*cur"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incurable.

UNCURABLY
Un*cur"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an uncurable manner.

UNCURBABLE
Un*curb"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being curbed. Shak.

UNCURL
Un*curl", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + curl.]

Defn: To loose from curls, or ringlets; to straighten out, as
anything curled or curly.
He sheaths his paw, uncurls his angry mane. Dryden.

UNCURL
Un*curl", v. i.

Defn: To become uncurled, or straight.

UNCURRENT
Un*cur"rent, a.

Defn: Not current. Specifically: Not passing in common payment; not
receivable at par or full value; as, uncurrent notes. Shak.

UNCURSE
Un*curse", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + curse.]

Defn: To free from a curse or an execration. Shak.

UNCURTAIN
Un*cur"tain, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + curtain.]

Defn: To remove a curtain from; to reveal. Moore.

UNCUS
Un"cus, n.; pl. Unci. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hook or claw.

UNCUSTOMABLE
Un*cus"tom*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not customable, or subject to custom duties.

UNCUSTOMED
Un*cus"tomed, a.

Defn: Uncustomable; also, not having paid duty or customs. Smollett.

UNCUT
Un*cut", a.

1. Not cut; not separated or divided by cutting or otherwise; -- said
especially of books, periodicals, and the like, when the leaves have
not been separated by trimming in binding.

2. Not ground, or otherwise cut, into a certain shape; as, an uncut
diamond. Uncut velvet,a fabric woven like velvet, but with the loops
of the warp threads uncut.

UNCUTH
Un*cuth", a.

Defn: Unknown; strange. [Obs.] -- n.

Defn: A stranger. [Obs.]

UNCUT VELVET
Un*cut" vel"vet.

Defn: A fabric woven like velvet, but with the loops of the warp
threads uncut.

UNCYPHER
Un*cy"pher, v. t.

Defn: See Uncipher.

UNDAM
Un*dam", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + dam.]

Defn: To free from a dam, mound, or other obstruction. Dryden.

UNDAMPNED
Un*damp"ned, a.

Defn: Uncondemned. [Obs.] Wyclif (Acts xvi. 37).

UNDATED
Un"da*ted, a. Etym: [L. undatus, p. p. of undare to rise in waves, to
wave, to undulate, fr. unda a wave. See Undulate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Rising and falling in waves toward the margin, as a leaf;
waved.

UNDATED
Un*dat"ed, a. Etym: [Pref. un- + dated.]

Defn: Not dated; having no date; of unknown age; as, an undated
letter.

UNDAUNTABLE
Un*daunt"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being daunted; intrepid; fearless; indomitable.
Bp. Hall.

UNDAUNTED
Un*daunt"ed, a.

Defn: Not daunted; not subdued or depressed by fear. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Bold; fearless; brave; courageous; intrepid.
 -- Un*daunt"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Un*daunt"ed*ness, n.

UNDE
Un"dé, a. Etym: [F. ondé.] (Her.)

Defn: Waving or wavy; -- applied to ordinaries, or division lines.

UNDEADLY
Un*dead"ly, a.

Defn: Not subject to death; immortal. [Obs.] -- Un*dead"li*ness, n.
[Obs.] Wyclif.

UNDEAF
Un*deaf", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + deaf.]

Defn: To free from deafness; to cause to hear. [Obs.] Shak.

UNDECAGON
Un*dec"a*gon, n. Etym: [L. undecim eleven + Gr. (Geom.)

Defn: A figure having eleven angles and eleven sides.

UNDECANE
Un"de*cane, n. Etym: [L. undecim eleven.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon, C11H24, of the methane series, found in
petroleum; -- so called from its containing eleven carbon atoms in
the molecule.

UNDECEIVE
Un`de*ceive", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + deceive.]

Defn: To cause to be no longer deceived; to free from deception,
fraud, fallacy, or mistake. South.

UNDECENCY
Un*de"cen*cy, n.

Defn: Indecency. [Obs.] "Decency and undecency." Jer. Taylor.

UNDECENNARY
Un`de*cen"na*ry, a. Etym: [L. undecim eleven (unus one + decem ten) +
-ennary as in decennary. Cf. Undecennial.]

Defn: Occurring once in every period of eleven years; undecennial.
An undecennary account laid before Parliament. E. Stiles.

UNDECENNIAL
Un`de*cen"ni*al, a. Etym: [See Undecennary, and cf. Decennial.]

Defn: Occurring or observed every eleventh year; belonging to, or
continuing, a period of eleven years; undecennary; as, an undecennial
festival.

UNDECENT
Un*de"cent, a.

Defn: Indecent. [Obs.]

UNDECIDE
Un`de*cide", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + decide.]

Defn: To reverse or recant, as a previous decision.

UNDECISIVE
Un`de*ci"sive, a.

Defn: Indecisive. [R.] Glanvill.

UNDECK
Un*deck", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + deck.]

Defn: To divest of ornaments. Shak.

UNDECKED
Un*decked, a.

1. Not decked; unadorned.
[Eve] undecked, save with herself, more lovely fair. Milton.

2. Not having a deck; as, an undecked vessel.

UNDECOLIC
Un`de*col"ic, a. Etym: [Undecylenic + propiolic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C11H18O2, of the
propiolic acid series, obtained indirectly from undecylenic acid as a
white crystalline substance.

UNDECREED
Un`de*creed", a.

1. Etym: [Pref. un- not + decreed.]

Defn: Not decreed.

2. Etym: [1st pref. un- + decree.]

Defn: Reversed or nullified by decree, as something previously
decreed.

UNDECYL
Un"de*cyl, n. Etym: [Undecane + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The radical regarded as characteristic of undecylic acid.

UNDECYLENIC
Un*dec`y*len"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid C11H20O2, homologous
with acrylic acid, and obtained as a white crystalline substance by
the distillation of castor oil.

UNDECYLIC
Un`de*cyl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Related to, derived from, or containing, undecyl; specifically,
designating that member of the fatty acids which corresponds to
undecane, and is obtained as a white crystalline substance, C11H22O2.

UNDEEDED
Un*deed"ed, a.

1. Not deeded or transferred by deed; as, undeeded land.

2. Not made famous by any great action. [Obs.] Shak.

UNDEFATIGABLE
Un`de*fat"i*ga*ble, a.

Defn: Indefatigable. [Obs.] "Undefatigable pains." Camden.

UNDEFEASIBLE
Un`de*fea"si*ble, a.

Defn: Indefeasible. [Obs.]

UNDEFINE
Un`de*fine", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + define.]

Defn: To make indefinite; to obliterate or confuse the definition or
limitations of.

UNDEIFY
Un*de"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + deify.]

Defn: To degrade from the state of deity; to deprive of the character
or qualities of a god; to deprive of the reverence due to a god.
Addison.

UNDENIABLE
Un`de*ni"a*ble, a.

1. Not deniable; incapable of denial; palpably true; indisputable;
obvious; as, undeniable evidence.

2. Unobjectionable; unquestionably excellent; as, a person of
undeniable connections. [Colloq.] G. Eliot.

UNDENIABLY
Un`de*ni"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an undeniable manner.

UNDEPARTABLE
Un`de*part"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being parted; inseparable. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wyclif.

UNDER
Un"der, prep. Etym: [AS. under, prep. & adv.; akin to OFries. under,
OS. undar, D. onder, G. unter, OHG. untar, Icel. undir, Sw. & Dan.
under, Goth. undar, L. infra below, inferior lower, Skr. adhas below.
sq. root201. Cf. Inferior.]

1. Below or lower, in place or position, with the idea of being
covered; lower than; beneath; -- opposed to over; as, he stood under
a tree; the carriage is under cover; a cellar extends under the whole
house.
Fruit put in bottles, and the bottles let down into wells under
water, will keep long. Bacon.
Be gathered now, ye waters under heaven, Into one place. Milton.

2. Hence, in many figurative uses which may be classified as follows;
--
(a) Denoting relation to some thing or person that is superior,
weighs upon, oppresses, bows down, governs, directs, influences
powerfully, or the like, in a relation of subjection, subordination,
obligation, liability, or the like; as, to travel under a heavy load;
to live under extreme oppression; to have fortitude under the evils
of life; to have patience under pain, or under misfortunes; to behave
like a Christian under reproaches and injuries; under the pains and
penalties of the law; the condition under which one enters upon an
office; under the necessity of obeying the laws; under vows of
chastity.

Both Jews and Gentiles . . . are all under sin. Rom. iii. 9.
That led the embattled seraphim to war Under thy conduct. Milton.
Who have their provand Only for bearing burdens, and sore blows For
sinking under them. Shak.

(b) Denoting relation to something that exceeds in rank or degree, in
number, size, weight, age, or the like; in a relation of the less to
the greater, of inferiority, or of falling short.
Three sons he dying left under age. Spenser.
Medicines take effect sometimes under, and sometimes above, the
natural proportion of their virtue. Hooker.
There are several hundred parishes in England under twenty pounds a
year. Swift.
It was too great an honor for any man under a duke. Addison.

Note: Hence, it sometimes means at, with, or for, less than; as, he
would not sell the horse under sixty dollars.
Several young men could never leave the pulpit under half a dozen
conceits. Swift.

(c) Denoting relation to something that comprehends or includes, that
represents or designates, that furnishes a cover, pretext, pretense,
or the like; as, he betrayed him under the guise of friendship;
Morpheus is represented under the figure of a boy asleep.
A crew who, under names of old renown . . . abused Fanatic Egypt.
Milton.
Mr. Duke may be mentioned under the double capacity of a poet and a
divine. Felton.
Under this head may come in the several contests and wars betwixt
popes and the secular princes. C. Leslie.

(d) Less specifically, denoting the relation of being subject, of
undergoing regard, treatment, or the like; as, a bill under
discussion.
Abject and lost, lay these, covering the flood, Under amazement of
their hideous change. Milton.
Under arms. (Mil.) (a) Drawn up fully armed and equipped. (b)
Enrolled for military service; as, the state has a million men under
arms.
 -- Under canvas. (a) (Naut.) Moved or propelled by sails; -- said of
any vessel with her sail set, but especially of a steamer using her
sails only, as distinguished from one under steam. Under steam and
canvas signifies that a vessel is using both means of propulsion. (b)
(Mil.) Provided with, or sheltered in, tents.
 -- Under fire, exposed to an enemy's fire; taking part in a battle
or general engagement.
 -- Under foot. See under Foot, n.
 -- Under ground, below the surface of the ground.
 -- Under one's signature, with one's signature or name subscribed;
attested or confirmed by one's signature. Cf. the second Note under
Over, prep.
 -- Under sail. (Naut.) (a) With anchor up, and under the influence
of sails; moved by sails; in motion. (b) With sails set, though the
anchor is down. (c) Same as Under canvas (a), above. Totten.
 -- Under sentence, having had one's sentence pronounced.
 -- Under the breath, with low voice; very softly.
 -- Under the lee (Naut.), to the leeward; as, under the lee of the
land.
 -- Under the rose. See under Rose, n.
 -- Under water, below the surface of the water.
 -- Under way, or Under weigh (Naut.), in a condition to make
progress; having started.

UNDER
Un"der, adv.

Defn: In a lower, subject, or subordinate condition; in subjection; -
- used chiefly in a few idiomatic phrases; as, to bring under, to
reduce to subjection; to subdue; to keep under, to keep in
subjection; to control; to go under, to be unsuccessful; to fail.
I keep under my body, and bring it into subjection. 1 Cor. ix. 27.
The minstrel fell, but the foeman's chain Could not bring his proud
soul under. Moore.

Note: Under is often used in composition with a verb to indicate
lowness or inferiority in position or degree, in the act named by the
verb; as, to underline; to undermine; to underprop.

UNDER
Un"der, a.

Defn: Lower in position, intensity, rank, or degree; subject;
subordinate; -- generally in composition with a noun, and written
with or without the hyphen; as, an undercurrent; undertone;
underdose; under-garment; underofficer; undersheriff. Under covert
(Zoöl.), one of the feathers situated beneath the bases of the quills
in the wings and tail of a bird. See Illust. under Bird.

UNDERACT
Un`der*act", v. t.

Defn: To perform inefficiently, as a play; to act feebly.

UNDERACTION
Un"der*ac`tion, n.

Defn: Subordinate action; a minor action incidental or subsidiary to
the main story; an episode.
The least episodes or underactions . . . are parts necessary or
convenient to carry on the main design. Dryden.

UNDERACTOR
Un"der*ac`tor, n.

Defn: A subordinate actor.

UNDER-AGE
Un"der-age`, a.

Defn: Not having arrived at adult age, or at years of discretion;
hence, raw; green; immature; boyish; childish. [Obs.]
I myself have loved a lady, and pursued her with a great deal of
under-age protestation. J. Webster.

UNDERAGENT
Un"der*a`gent, n.

Defn: A subordinate agent.

UNDERAID
Un`der*aid", v. t.

Defn: To aid clandestinely. [Obs.]

UNDER-ARM
Un"der-arm, a. (Cricket)

Defn: Done (as bowling) with the arm not raised above the elbow, that
is, not swung far out from the body; underhand. Cf. Over-arm and
Round-Arm.

UNDERBACK
Un"der*back`, n. (Brewing)

Defn: A vessel which receives the wort as it flows from the mashing
tub.

UNDERBEAR
Un`der*bear", v. t. Etym: [AS. underberan. See Under, and Bear to
support.]

1. To support; to endure. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To line; to guard; to face; as, cloth of gold underborne with blue
tinsel. [Obs.] Shak.

UNDERBEARER
Un"der*bear`er, n.

Defn: One who supports or sustains; especially, at a funeral, one of
those who bear the copse, as distinguished from a bearer, or
pallbearer, who helps to hold up the pall.

UNDERBID
Un`der*bid", v. t.

Defn: To bid less than, as when a contract or service is offered to
the lowest bidder; to offer to contract, sell, or do for a less price
than.

UNDERBIND
Un`der*bind", v. t.

Defn: To bind beneath. Fairfax.

UNDERBOARD
Un"der*board`, adv.

Defn: Under the board, or table; hence, secretly; unfairly;
underhand. See the Note under Aboveboard.

UNDERBRACE
Un`der*brace, v. t.

Defn: To brace, fasten, or bind underneath or below. Cowper.

UNDERBRANCH
Un"der*branch`, n.

1. A lower branch.

2. A twig or branchlet. [Obs.] Spenser.

UNDERBRED
Un"der*bred`, a.

Defn: Not thoroughly bred; ill-bred; as, an underbred fellow.
Goldsmith.

UNDERBRUSH
Un"der*brush`, n.

Defn: Shrubs, small trees, and the like, in a wood or forest, growing
beneath large trees; undergrowth.

UNDERBUILDER
Un"der*build`er, n.

Defn: A subordinate or assistant builder.
An underbuilder in the house of God. Jer. Taylor.

UNDERBUILDING
Un"der*build`ing, n.

Defn: Same as Substruction.

UNDERBUY
Un`der*buy", v. t.

Defn: To buy at less than the real value or worth; to buy cheaper
than. [R.] J. Fletcher.

UNDERCAST
Un`der*cast", v. t.

Defn: To cast under or beneath.

UNDERCHAMBERLAIN
Un`der*cham"ber*lain, n.

Defn: A deputy chamberlain of the exchequer.

UNDERCHANTER
Un`der*chant"er, n.

Defn: Same as Subchanter.

UNDERCHAPS
Un"der*chaps`, n. pl.

Defn: The lower chaps or jaw. Paley.

UNDERCHARGE
Un`der*charge", v. t.

1. To charge below or under; to charge less than is usual or suitable
fro; as, to undercharge goods or services.

2. To put too small a charge into; as, to undercharge a gun.
Undercharged mine (Mil.), a mine whose crater is not as wide at top
as it is deep. W. P. Craighill.

UNDERCHARGE
Un"der*charge`, n.

Defn: A charge that is less than is usual or suitable.

UNDERCLAY
Un"der*clay`, n. (Geol.)

Defn: A stratum of clay lying beneath a coal bed, often containing
the roots of coal plants, especially the Stigmaria.

UNDERCLIFF
Un"der*cliff`, n.

Defn: A subordinate cliff on a shore, consisting of material that has
fallen from the higher cliff above.

UNDERCLOTHES
Un"der*clothes`, n. pl.

Defn: Clothes worn under others, especially those worn next the skin
for warmth.

UNDERCLOTHING
Un"der*cloth`ing, n.

Defn: Same as Underclothes.

UNDERCOAT
Un"der*coat`, n.

1. A coat worn under another; a light coat, as distinguished from an
overcoat, or a greatcoat.

2. A growth of short hair or fur partially concealed by a longer
growth; as, a dog's undercoat.

UNDERCONDUCT
Un"der*con`duct, n.

Defn: A lower conduit; a subterranean conduit. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

UNDERCONSUMPTION
Un`der*con*sump"tion, n. (Polit. Econ.)

Defn: Consumption of less than is produced; consumption of less than
the usual amount. F. A. Walk

UNDERCRAFT
Un"der*craft`, n.

Defn: A sly trick or device; as, an undercraft of authors. [R.]
Sterne.

UNDERCREEP
Un`der*creep", v. i.

Defn: To creep secretly or privily. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNDERCREST
Un`der*crest", v. t.

Defn: To support as a crest; to bear. [Obs. & R.] Shak.

UNDERCROFT
Un"der*croft, n. Etym: [Under + Prov. E. croft a vault; cf. OD.
krochte crypt, and E. crypt.] (Arch.)

Defn: A subterranean room of any kind; esp., one under a church (see
Crypt), or one used as a chapel or for any sacred purpose.

UNDERCRY
Un`der*cry", v. i.

Defn: To cry aloud. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNDERCURRENT
Un"der*cur`rent, n.

1. A current below the surface of water, sometimes flowing in a
contrary direction to that on the surface. Totten.

2. Hence, figuratively, a tendency of feeling, opinion, or the like,
in a direction contrary to what is publicly shown; an unseen
influence or tendency; as, a strong undercurrent of sentiment in
favor of a prisoner.
All the while there was a busy undercurrent in her. G. Eliot.

UNDERCURRENT
Un"der*cur`rent, a.

Defn: Running beneath the surface; hidden. [R.] "Undercurrent woe."
Tennyson.

UNDERCUT
Un"der*cut`, n.

Defn: The lower or under side of a sirloin of beef; the fillet.

UNDERCUT
Un`der*cut", v. t.

Defn: To cut away, as the side of an object, so as to leave an
overhanging portion.

UNDERDEALING
Un"der*deal`ing, n.

Defn: Crafty, unfair, or underhand dealing; unfair practice;
trickery. Milton.

UNDERDELVE
Un`der*delve", v. t.

Defn: To delve under. [Obs.]

UNDERDIG
Un`der*dig", v. t.

Defn: To dig under or beneath; to undermine. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNDERDITCH
Un`der*ditch", v. t.

Defn: To dig an underground ditches in, so as to drain the surface;
to underdrain; as, to underditch a field or a farm.

UNDERDO
Un`der*do", v. i.

Defn: To do less than is requisite or proper; -- opposed to overdo.
Grew.

UNDERDO
Un`der*do", v. t.

Defn: To do less thoroughly than is requisite; specifically, to cook
insufficiently; as, to underdo the meat; -- opposed to overdo.

UNDERDOER
Un"der*do`er, n.

Defn: One who underdoes; a shirk.

UNDERDOLVEN
Un`der*dolv"en, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Underdelve.

UNDERDOSE
Un"der*dose`, n.

Defn: A dose which is less than required; a small or insufficient
dose.

UNDERDOSE
Un`der*dose", v. t. & i.

Defn: To give an underdose or underdoses to; to practice giving
insufficient doses.

UNDERDRAIN
Un"der*drain`, n.

Defn: An underground drain or trench with openings through which the
water may percolate from the soil or ground above.

UNDERDRAIN
Un`der*drain", v. t.

Defn: To drain by forming an underdrain or underdrains in; as, to
underdrain land.

UNDERDRESSED
Un`der*dressed", a.

Defn: Not dresses enough.

UNDERESTIMATE
Un`der*es"ti*mate, v. t.

Defn: To set to

UNDERESTIMATE
Un`der*es"ti*mate, n.

Defn: The act of underestimating; too low an estimate.

UNDERFACTION
Un"der*fac`tion, n.

Defn: A subordinate party or faction.

UNDERFACULTY
Un"der*fac`ul*ty, n.

Defn: An inferior or subordinate faculty.

UNDERFARMER
Un"der*farm`er, n.

Defn: An assistant farmer.

UNDERFEED
Un`der*feed", v. t.

Defn: To feed with too little food; to supply with an insufficient
quantity of food.

UNDERFELLOW
Un"der*fel`low, n.

Defn: An underling [R.] Sir P. Sidney.

UNDERFILLING
Un"der*fill`ing, n.

Defn: The filling below or beneath; the under part of a building. Sir
H. Wotton.

UNDERFOLLOW
Un`der*fol"low, v. t.

Defn: To follow closely or immediately after. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNDERFONG
Un`der*fong", v. t. Etym: [AS. underfongen, p. p. of underf to
undertake; under under + f to take. See Fang to seize.]

1. To undertake; to take in hand; to receive. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
Rom. of R.

2. To insnare; to circumvent. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. To sustain; to support; to guard. Nash.

UNDERFOOT
Un`der*foot", adv.

Defn: Under the feet; underneath; below. See Under foot, under Foot,
n.

UNDERFOOT
Un`der*foot", a.

Defn: Low; base; abject; trodden down.

UNDERFRINGE
Un"der*fringe`, n.

Defn: A lower fringe; a fringe underneath something.
Broad-faced, with underfringe of russet beard. Tennyson.

UNDERFURNISH
Un`der*fur"nish, v. t.

Defn: To supply with less than enough; to furnish insufficiently.
Collier.

UNDERFURROW
Un`der*fur"row, v. t.

Defn: To cover as under a furrow; to plow in; as, to underfurrow seed
or manure.

UNDER-GARMENT
Un"der-gar`ment, n.

Defn: A garment worn below another.

UNDERGET
Un`der*get", v. t.

Defn: To get under or beneath; also, to understand. [Obs.] R. of
Gloucester.

UNDERGIRD
Un`der*gird", v. t.

Defn: To blind below; to gird round the bottom.
They used helps, undergirding the ship. Acts xxvii. 17.

UNDERGLAZE
Un"der*glaze`, a.

Defn: Applied under the glaze, that is, before the glaze, that is,
before the glaze is put on; fitted to be so applied; -- said of
colors in porcelain painting.

UNDERGO
Un`der*go", v. t. [imp. Underwent; p. p. Undergone; p. pr. & vb. n.
Undergoing.] Etym: [AS. undergan. See Under, and Go.]

1. To go or move below or under. [Obs.]

2. To be subjected to; to bear up against; to pass through; to
endure; to suffer; to sustain; as, to undergo toil and fatigue; to
undergo pain, grief, or anxiety; to undergothe operation of
amputation; food in the stomach undergoes the process of digestion.
Certain to undergo like doom. Milton.

3. To be the bearer of; to possess. [Obs.]
Their virtues else, be they as pure as grace, As infinite as man may
undergo. Shak.

4. To undertake; to engage in; to hazard. [Obs.]
I have moved already Some certain of the noblest-minded Romans To
undergo with me an enterprise. Shak.

5. To be subject or amenable to; to underlie. [Obs.]
Claudio undergoes my challenge. Shak.

UNDERGOD
Un"der*god`, n.

Defn: A lower or inferio

UNDERGORE
Un`der*gore", v. t.

Defn: To gore underneath.

UNDERGOWN
Un"der*gown`, n.

Defn: A gown worn under another, or under some other article of
dress.
An undergown and kirtle of pale sea-green silk. Sir W. Scott.

UNDERGRADUATE
Un`der*grad"u*ate, n.

Defn: A member of a university or a college who has not taken his
first degree; a student in any school who has not completed his
course.

UNDERGRADUATE
Un`der*grad"u*ate, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an undergraduate, or the body of
undergraduates.

UNDERGRADUATESHIP
Un`der*grad"u*ate*ship, n.

Defn: The position or condition of an undergraduate.

UNDERGROAN
Un`der*groan, v. t.

Defn: To groan beneath. [Obs.]
Earth undergroaned their high-raised feet. Chapman.

UNDERGROUND
Un"der*ground`, n.

Defn: The place or space beneath the surface of the ground;
subterranean space.
A spirit raised from depth of underground. Shak.

UNDERGROUND
Un"der*ground`, a.

1. Being below the surface of the ground; as, an underground story or
apartment.

2. Done or occurring out of sight; secret. [Colloq.] Underground
railroad or railway. See under Railroad.

UNDERGROUND
Un"der*ground`, adv.

Defn: Beneath the surface of the earth.

UNDERGROUND INSURANCE
Un"der*ground` in*sur"ance.

Defn: Wildcat insurance.

UNDERGROVE
Un"der*grove`, n.

Defn: A grove of shrubs or low trees under taller ones. Wordsworth.

UNDERGROW
Un`der*grow", v. i.

Defn: To grow to an inferior, or less than the usual, size or height.
Wyclif.

UNDERGROW
Un`der*grow", a.

Defn: Undergrown. [Obs.] Chaucer.

UNDERGROWN
Un`der*grown", a.

Defn: Of small stature; not grown to a full height or size.

UNDERGROWTH
Un"der*growth`, n.

Defn: That which grows under trees; specifically, shrubs or small
trees growing among large trees. Milton.

UNDERGRUB
Un`der*grub", v. t.

Defn: To undermine. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

UNDERHAND
Un"der*hand`, a.

1. Secret; clandestine; hence, mean; unfair; fraudulent. Addison.

2. (Baseball, Cricket, etc.)

Defn: Done, as pitching, with the hand lower than the shoulder, or,
as bowling, with the hand lower than elbow.

UNDERHAND
Un"der*hand`, adv.

1. By secret means; in a clandestine manner; hence, by fraud;
unfairly.
Such mean revenge, committed underhand. Dryden.
Baillie Macwheeble provided Janet, underhand, with meal for their
maintenance. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Baseball, Cricket, etc.)

Defn: In an underhand manner; -- said of pitching or bowling.

UNDERHANDED
Un"der*hand`ed, a.

1. Underhand; clandestine.

2. Insufficiently provided with hands or workers; short-handed;
sparsely populated.
Norway . . . might defy the world, . . . but it is much underhanded
now. Coleridge.

UNDERHANDEDLY
Un"der*hand`ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In an underhand manner.

UNDERHANG
Un`der*hang", v. t. & i.

Defn: To hang under or down; to suspend. Holland.

UNDERHANGMAN
Un"der*hang`man, n.

Defn: An assistant or deputy hangman. Shak.

UNDERHEAD
Un"der*head`, n.

Defn: A blockhead, or stupid person; a dunderhead. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

UNDERHEAVE
Un`der*heave", v. i.

Defn: To heave or lift from below. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNDERHEW
Un`der*hew", v. t.

Defn: To hew less than is usual or proper; specifically, to hew, as a
piece of timber which should be square, in such a manner that it
appears to contain a greater number of cubic feet than it really does
contain. Haldeman.

UNDERHONEST
Un`der*hon"est, a.

Defn: Not entirely honest. [R.] "We think him overproud and
underhonest." Shak.

UNDERHUNG
Un`der*hung", a.

1. (Carp.)

Defn: Resting on a track at the bottom, instead of being suspended; -
- said of a sliding door. Forney.

2. Having the lower jaw projecting. T. Hughes.

UNDERJAW
Un"der*jaw`, n.

Defn: The lower jaw. Paley.

UNDERJOIN
Un`der*join", v. t.

Defn: To join below or beneath; to subjoin. Wyclif.

UNDERKEEP
Un`der*keep", v. t.

Defn: To keep under, or in subjection; to suppress. [Obs.] Spenser.

UNDERKEEPER
Un"der*keep`er, n.

Defn: A subordinate keeper or guardian. Gray.

UNDERKIND
Un"der*kind`, n.

Defn: An inferior kind. Dryden.

UNDERKINGDOM
Un"der*king`dom, n.

Defn: A subordinate or dependent kingdom. Tennyson.

UNDERLABORER
Un"der*la`bor*er, n.

Defn: An assistant or subordinate laborer. Locke.

UNDERLAID
Un`der*laid", a.

Defn: Laid or placed underneath; also, having something laid or lying
underneath.

UNDERLAY
Un`der*lay", v. t. Etym: [AS. underlecgan. See Under, and Lay, v. t.]

1. To lay beneath; to put under.

2. To raise or support by something laid under; as, to underlay a
cut, plate, or the like, for printing. See Underlay, n., 2.

3. To put a tap on (a shoe). [Prov. Eng.]

UNDERLAY
Un`der*lay", v. i. (Mining)

Defn: To incline from the vertical; to hade; -- said of a vein,
fault, or lode.

UNDERLAY
Un"der*lay`, n.

1. (Mining)

Defn: The inclination of a vein, fault, or lode from the vertical; a
hade; -- called also underlie.

2. (Print.)

Defn: A thickness of paper, pasteboard, or the like, placed under a
cut, or stereotype plate, or under type, in the from, to bring it, or
any part of it, to the proper height; also, something placed back of
a part of the tympan, so as to secure the right impression.

UNDERLAYER
Un"der*lay`er, n.

1. One who, or that which, underlays or is underlaid; a lower layer.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A perpendicular shaft sunk to cut the lode at any required
depth. Weale.

UNDERLEAF
Un"der*leaf`, n.

Defn: A prolific sort of apple, good for cider. [Obs.] Mortimer.

UNDERLEASE
Un"der*lease, n. (Law)

Defn: A lease granted by a tenant or lessee; especially, a lease
granted by one who is himself a lessee for years, for any fewer or
less number of years than he himself holds; a sublease. Burrill.

UNDERLET
Un`der*let", v. t.

1. To let below the value.
All my farms were underlet. Smollett.

2. To let or lease at second hand; to sublet.

UNDERLETTER
Un"der*let`ter, n.

Defn: A tenant or lessee who grants a lease to another.

UNDERLIE
Un`der*lie", v. t. Etym: [AS. underlicgan. See Under, and Lie to be
prostrate.]

1. To lie under; to rest beneath; to be situated under; as, a stratum
of clay underlies the surface gravel.

2. To be at the basis of; to form the foundation of; to support; as,
a doctrine underlying a theory.

3. To be subject or amenable to. [R.]
The knight of Ivanhoe . . . underlies the challenge of Brian der Bois
Guilbert. Sir W. Scott.

UNDERLIE
Un`der*lie", v. i.

Defn: To lie below or under.

UNDERLIE
Un"der*lie`, n.

Defn: See Underlay, n., 1.

UNDERLINE
Un`der*line", v. t.

1. To mark a line below, as words; to underscore.

2. To influence secretly. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

UNDERLING
Un"der*ling, n. Etym: [Under + -ling.]

Defn: An inferior person or agent; a subordinate; hence, a mean,
sorry fellow. Milton.
he fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, But in ourselves, that we
are underlings. Shak.

UNDERLIP
Un"der*lip`, n.

Defn: The lower lip.

UNDERLOAD STARTER
Un"der*load start`er. (Elec.)

Defn: A motor starter provided with an underload switch.

UNDERLOAD SWITCH
Underload switch. (Elec.)

Defn: A switch which opens a circuit when the current falls below a
certain predetermined value, used to protect certain types of motors
from running at excessive speed upon decrease of load.

UNDERLOCK
Un"der*lock`, n.

Defn: A lock of wool hanging under the belly of a sheep.

UNDERLOCKER
Un"der*lock`er, n. (Mining)

Defn: A person who inspects a mine daily; -- called also underviewer.

UNDERLYING
Un`der*ly"ing, a.

Defn: Lying under or beneath; hence, fundamental; as, the underlying
strata of a locality; underlying principles.

UNDERMANNED
Un`der*manned", a. (Naut.)

Defn: Insufficiently furnished with men; short-handed.

UNDERMASTED
Un"der*mast`ed, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Having masts smaller than the usual dimension; -- said of
vessels. Totten.

UNDERMASTER
Un"der*mas`ter, n.

Defn: A master subordinate to the principal master; an assistant
master.

UNDERMATCH
Un"der*match`, n.

Defn: One who is not a match for another. Fuller.

UNDERMEAL
Un"der*meal`, n. Etym: [AS. under under + m part or portion; cf. AS.
underm midday. See Under, Meal a part, and cf. Undern.]

1. The inferior, or after, part of the day; the afternoon. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]
In undermeals and in mornings. Chaucer.

2. Hence, something occurring or done in the afternoon; esp., an
afternoon meal; supper; also, an afternoon nap; a siesta. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]
Another great supper, or undermeal, was made ready for them, coming
home from ditching and plowing. Withals (1608).
I think I am furnished with Cattern [Catharine] pears for one
undermeal. B. Jonson.
In a narrower limit than the forty years' undermeal of the seven
sleepers. Nash.

UNDERMINE
Un`der*mine", v. t.

1. To excavate the earth beneath, or the part of, especially for the
purpose of causing to fall or be overthrown; to form a mine under; to
sap; as, to undermine a wall.
A vast rock undermined from one end to the other, and a highway
running through it. Addison.

2. Fig.: To remove the foundation or support of by clandestine means;
to ruin in an underhand way; as, to undermine reputation; to
undermine the constitution of the state.
He should be warned who are like to undermine him. Locke.

UNDERMINER
Un`der*min"er, n.

Defn: One who undermines.

UNDERMINISTER
Un`der*min"is*ter, v. t.

Defn: To serve, or minister to, in a subordinate relation. [Obs.]
Wyclif.

UNDERMINISTRY
Un`der*min"is*try, n.

Defn: A subordinate or inferior ministry. Jer. Taylor.

UNDERMIRTH
Un"der*mirth`, n.

Defn: Suppressed or concealed mirth. [Obs.] The Coronation.

UNDERMONEYED
Un`der*mon"eyed, a.

Defn: Bribed. [R.] Fuller.

UNDERMOST
Un"der*most, a. Etym: [From Under; cf. Aftermost.]

Defn: Lowest, as in place, rank, or condition. Addison.

UNDERN
Un"dern, n. Etym: [AS. undern; akin to OS. undorn, OHG. untarn,
untorn, Icel. undorn mid afternoon, mid forenoon, Goth. undaúrnimats
the midday meal. Cf. Undermeal, Undertime.]

Defn: The time between; the time between sunrise and noon;
specifically, the third hour of the day, or nine o'clock in the
morning, according to ancient reckoning; hence, mealtime, because
formerly the principal meal was eaten at that hour; also, later, the
afternoon; the time between dinner and supper. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Betwixt undern and noon was the field all won. R. of Brunne.
In a bed of worts still he lay Till it was past undern of the day.
Chaucer.

UNDERNEATH
Un`der*neath", adv. Etym: [OE. undirnepe. See Under, and Beneath.]

Defn: Beneath; below; in a lower place; under; as, a channel
underneath the soil.
Or sullen mole, that runneth underneath. Milton.

UNDERNEATH
Un`der*neath", prep.

Defn: Under; beneath; below.
Underneath this stone lie As much beauty as could die. B. Jonson.

UNDERNICENESS
Un`der*nice"ness, n.

Defn: A want of niceness; indelicacy; impropriety.

UNDERNIME
Un`der*nime", v. t. [imp. Undernom.] Etym: [OE. undernimen. See
Under, and Nim.]

1. To receive; to perceive. [Obs.]
He the savor undernom Which that the roses and the lilies cast.
Chaucer.

2. To reprove; to reprehend. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

UNDEROFFICER
Un"der*of`fi*cer, n.

Defn: A subordinate officer.

UNDERPART
Un"der*part`, n.

Defn: A subordinate part.
It should be lightened with underparts of mirth. Dryden.

UNDERPAY
Un`der*pay", v. t.

Defn: To pay inadequately.

UNDERPEEP
Un`der*peep", v. t.

Defn: To peep under. "The flame . . . would underpeep her lids." [R.]
Shak.

UNDERPEER
Un`der*peer", v. t.

Defn: To peer under. [R.]

UNDERPEOPLED
Un`der*peo"pled, a.

Defn: Not fully peopled.

UNDERPIGHT
Un`der*pight",

Defn: imp. of Underpitch.

UNDERPIN
Un`der*pin", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Underpinned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Underpinning.]

1. To lay stones, masonry, etc., under, as the sills of a building,
on which it is to rest.

2. To support by some solid foundation; to place something underneath
for support.

UNDERPINNING
Un"der*pin`ning, n.

1. The act of one who underpins; the act of supporting by stones,
masonry, or the like.

2. (Arch.)
(a) That by which a building is underpinned; the material and
construction used for support, introduced beneath a wall already
constructed.
(b) The foundation, esp. of a frame house. [Local, U.S.]

UNDERPITCH
Un`der*pitch", v. t. [imp. Underpight.] Etym: [OE. underpicchen. See
Under, and Pitch to throw, fix.]

Defn: To fill underneath; to stuff. [Obs.]
He drank and well his girdle underpight. Chaucer.

UNDERPLANT
Un`der*plant", v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Underplanted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Underplanting.]

Defn: To plant under; specif. (Forestry),

Defn: to plant (young trees) under an existing stand.

UNDERPLAY
Un`der*play", v. i.

1. To play in a subordinate, or in an inferior manner; to underact a
part.

2. (Card Playing)

Defn: To play a low card when holding a high one, in the hope of a
future advantage.

UNDERPLAY
Un"der*play`, n. (Card Playing)

Defn: The act of underplaying.

UNDERPLOT
Un"der*plot`, n.

1. A series of events in a play, proceeding collaterally with the
main story, and subservient to it. Dryden.

2. A clandestine scheme; a trick. Addison.

UNDERPOISE
Un`der*poise", v. t.

Defn: To weigh, estimate, or rate below desert; to undervalue. [R.]
Marston.

UNDERPOSSESSOR
Un"der*pos*sess`or, n.

Defn: One who possesses or holds anything subject to the superior of
another. Jer. Taylor.

UNDERPRAISE
Un`der*praise", v. t.

Defn: To praise below desert.

UNDERPRIZE
Un`der*prize", v. t.

Defn: To undervalue; to underestimate. Shak.

UNDERPRODUCTION
Un`der*pro*duc"tion, n. (Polit. Econ.)

Defn: The production of less than is demanded or of less than the
usual supply. F. A. Walker.

UNDERPROOF
Un"der*proof`, a.

Defn: Containing less alcohol than proof spirit. See Proof spirit,
under Spirit.

UNDERPROP
Un`der*prop", v. t.

Defn: To prop from beneath; to put a prop under; to support; to
uphold.
Underprop the head that bears the crown. Fenton.

UNDERPROPORTIONED
Un`der*pro*por"tioned, a.

Defn: Of inadequate or inferior proportions; small; poor.
Scanty and underproportioned returns of civility. Collier.

UNDERPROPPER
Un"der*prop`per, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, underprops or supports.

UNDERPULL
Un`der*pull", v. i.

Defn: To exert one's influence secretly. [Obs.] Ld. North.

UNDERPULLER
Un"der*pull`er, n.

Defn: One who underpulls. [Obs.]

UNDERPUT
Un`der*put", v. t.

Defn: To put or send under. [Obs.]

UNDERRATE
Un`der*rate", v. t.

Defn: To rate too low; to rate below the value; to undervalue. Burke.

UNDERRATE
Un"der*rate`, n.

Defn: A price less than the value; as, to sell a thing at an
underrate. Cowley.

UNDERRECKON
Un`der*reck"on, v. t.

Defn: To reckon below what is right or proper; to underrate. Bp.
Hall.

UNDERRUN
Un`der*run", v. t.

Defn: To run or pass under; especially (Naut.), to pass along and
under, as a cable, for the purpose of taking it in, or of examining
it.

Note: The cable passes over the bows and stern of the boat used,
while the men haul the boat along by pulling upon the cable. Totten.
To underrun a tackle (Naut.), to separate its parts and put them in
order.

UNDERSAIL
Un`der*sail", v. i.

Defn: To sail alongshore. [Obs.]

UNDERSAILED
Un"der*sailed`, a.

Defn: Inadequately equipped with sails. [Obs.]

UNDERSATURATED
Un`der*sat"u*ra`ted, a.

Defn: Not fully saturated; imperfectly saturated.

UNDERSAY
Un`der*say", v. t.

Defn: To say by way of derogation or contradiction. [Obs.] Spenser.

UNDERSCORE
Un`der*score", v. t.

Defn: To draw a mark or line under; to underline. J. Tucker.

UNDERSECRETARY
Un`der*sec"re*ta*ry, n.

Defn: A secretary who is subordinate to the chief secretary; an
assistant secretary; as, an undersecretary of the Treasury.

UNDERSELL
Un`der*sell", v. t.

Defn: To sell the same articles at a lower price than; to sell
cheaper than.

UNDERSERVANT
Un"der*serv`ant, n.

Defn: An inferior servant.

UNDERSET
Un`der*set", v. t.

Defn: To prop or support. Bacon.

UNDERSET
Un"der*set`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Undercurrent.

UNDERSETTER
Un"der*set`ter, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, undersets or supports; a prop; a
support; a pedestal.

UNDERSETTING
Un"der*set`ting, n.

Defn: Something set or built under as a support; a pedestal. Sir H.
Wotton.

UNDERSHAPEN
Un"der*shap`en, a.

Defn: Under the usual shape or size; small; dwarfish. [Poetic]
His dwarf, a vicious undershapen thing. Tennyson.

UNDERSHERIFF
Un"der*sher`iff, n.

Defn: A sheriff's deputy.

UNDERSHERIFFRY
Un"der*sher`iff*ry, n.

Defn: Undershrievalty. [Obs.]

UNDERSHIRT
Un"der*shirt`, n.

Defn: A shirt worn next the skin, under another shirt; -- called also
undervest.

UNDERSHOOT
Un`der*shoot", v. t.

Defn: To shoot short of (a mark).

UNDERSHOT
Un"der*shot`, a.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the lower incisor teeth projecting beyond the upper
ones, as in the bulldog.

2. Moved by water passing beneath; -- said of a water wheel, and
opposed to overshot; as, an undershot wheel.

UNDERSHRIEVALTY
Un"der*shriev"al*ty, n.

Defn: The office or position of an undersheriff.

UNDERSHRIEVE
Un"der*shrieve`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A low shrub; a woody plant of low stature.

UNDERSHRUB
Un"der*shrub`, a.

Defn: Partly shrublike.

UNDERSHUT
Un"der*shut`, a.

Defn: Closed from beneath. Undershut valve (Mach.), a valve which
shuts by being lifted against a seat facing downward. Knight.

UNDERSIDE
Un"der*side`, n.

Defn: The lower or lowest side of anything. Paley.

UNDERSIGN
Un`der*sign", v. t.

Defn: To write one's name at the foot or end of, as a letter or any
legal instrument. The undersigned, the person whose name is signed,
or the persons whose names are signed, at the end of a document; the
subscriber or subscribers.

UNDERSIZED
Un"der*sized`, a.

Defn: Of a size less than is common.

UNDERSKINKER
Un"der*skink`er, n.

Defn: Undertapster. [Obs.]

UNDERSKIRT
Un"der*skirt`, n.

Defn: A petticoat; the foundation skirt of a draped dress.

UNDERSKY
Un"der*sky`, n.

Defn: The lower region of the sky.
Floating about the undersky. Tennyson.

UNDERSLEEVE
Un"der*sleeve`, n.

Defn: A sleeve of an under-garment; a sleeve worn under another,

UNDERSLUNG; UNDERHUNG
Un"der*slung`, Un"der*hung", a.

Defn: Of an automobile body, suspended from the springs in such a
manner that the frame of the chassis is below the axles, the object
being to lower the center of gravity of the car.

UNDERSOIL
Un"der*soil`, n.

Defn: The soil beneath the surface; understratum; subsoil.

UNDERSOLD
Un`der*sold"

Defn: p. p. of Undersell.

UNDERSONG
Un"der*song`, n.

1. The burden of a song; the chorus; the refrain. Dryden.

2. Accompanying strain; subordinate and underlying meaning;
accompaniment; undertone.
In the very [poetry] there often an undersong of sense which none
beside the poetic mind . . . can comprehend. Landor.

UNDERSPARRED
Un"der*sparred`, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Having spars smaller than the usual dimension; -- said of
vessels.

UNDERSPEND
Un`der*spend", v. t.

Defn: To spend less than.

UNDERSPHERE
Un"der*sphere`, n.

1. A sphere which is smaller than, and in its movements subject to,
another; a satellite.

2. An inferior sphere, or field of action.

UNDERSPORE
Un`der*spore", v. t.

Defn: To raise with a spar, or piece of wood, used as a lever. [Obs.]
Give me a staff that I may underspore. Chaucer.

UNDERSTAIR
Un"der*stair`, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the kitchen, or the servants' quarters;
hence, subordinate; menial. [Obs.]

UNDERSTAIRS
Un"der*stairs`, n.

Defn: The basement or cellar.

UNDERSTAND
Un`der*stand", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Understood, and Archaic
Understanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Understanding.] Etym: [OE.
understanden, AS. understandan, literally, to stand under; cf. AS.
forstandan to understand, G. verstehen. The development of sense is
not clear. See Under, and Stand.]

1. To have just and adequate ideas of; to apprehended the meaning or
intention of; to have knowledge of; to comprehend; to know; as, to
understand a problem in Euclid; to understand a proposition or a
declaration; the court understands the advocate or his argument; to
understand the sacred oracles; to understand a nod or a wink.
Speaketh [i. e., speak thou] so plain at this time, I you pray, That
we may understande what ye say. Chaucer.
I understand not what you mean by this. Shak.
Understood not all was but a show. Milton.
A tongue not understanded of the people. Bk. of Com. Prayer.

2. To be apprised, or have information, of; to learn; to be informed
of; to hear; as, I understand that Congress has passed the bill.

3. To recognize or hold as being or signifying; to suppose to mean;
to interpret; to explain.
The most learned interpreters understood the words of sin, and not of
Abel. Locke.

4. To mean without expressing; to imply tacitly; to take for granted;
to assume.
War, then, war, Open or understood, must be resolved. Milton.

5. To stand under; to support. [Jocose & R.] Shak. To give one to
understand, to cause one to know.
 -- To make one's self understood, to make one's meaning clear.

UNDERSTAND
Un`der*stand", v. i.

1. To have the use of the intellectual faculties; to be an
intelligent being.
Imparadised in you, in whom alone I understand, and grow, and see.
Donne.

2. To be informed; to have or receive knowledge.
I came to Jerusalem, and understood of the evil that Eliashib did for
Tobiah. Neh. xiii. 7.

UNDERSTANDABLE
Un`der*stand"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being understood; intelligible. Chillingworth.

UNDERSTANDER
Un`der*stand"er, n.

Defn: One who understands, or knows by experience. [R.] Dryden.

UNDERSTANDING
Un`der*stand"ing, a.

Defn: Knowing; intelligent; skillful; as, he is an understanding man.

UNDERSTANDING
Un`der*stand"ing, n.

1. The act of one who understands a thing, in any sense of the verb;
knowledge; discernment; comprehension; interpretation; explanation.

2. An agreement of opinion or feeling; adjustment of differences;
harmony; anything mutually understood or agreed upon; as, to come to
an understanding with another.
He hoped the loyalty of his subjects would concur with him in the
preserving of a good understanding between him and his people.
Clarendon.

3. The power to understand; the intellectual faculty; the
intelligence; the rational powers collectively conceived an
designated; the higher capacities of the intellect; the power to
distinguish truth from falsehood, and to adapt means to ends.
There is a spirit in man; and the inspiration of the Almighty them
understanding. Job xxxii. 8.
The power of perception is that which we call the understanding.
Perception, which we make the act of the understanding, is of three
sorts: 1. The perception of ideas in our mind; 2. The perception of
the signification of signs; 3. The perception of the connection or
repugnancy, agreement or disagreement, that there is between any of
our ideas. All these are attributed to the understanding, or
perceptive power, though it be the two latter only that use allows us
to say we understand. Locke.
In its wider acceptation, understanding is the entire power of
perceiving an conceiving, exclusive of the sensibility: the power of
dealing with the impressions of sense, and composing them into
wholes, according to a law of unity; and in its most comprehensive
meaning it includes even simple apprehension. Coleridge.

4. Specifically, the discursive faculty; the faculty of knowing by
the medium or use of general conceptions or relations. In this sense
it is contrasted with, and distinguished from, the reason.
I use the term understanding, not for the noetic faculty, intellect
proper, or place of principles, but for the dianoetic or discursive
faculty in its widest signification, for the faculty of relations or
comparisons; and thus in the meaning in which "verstand" is now
employed by the Germans. Sir W. Hamilton.

Syn.
 -- Sense; intelligence; perception. See Sense.

UNDERSTANDINGLY
Un`der*stand"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In an understanding manner; intelligibly; with full knowledge
or comprehension; intelligently; as, to vote upon a question
understandingly; to act or judge understandingly.
The gospel may be neglected, but in can not be understandingly
disbelieved. J. Hawes.

UNDERSTATE
Un`der*state", v. t.

Defn: To state or represent less strongly than may be done
truthfully.

UNDERSTATEMENT
Un"der*state`ment, n.

Defn: The act of understating, or the condition of being understated;
that which is understated; a statement below the truth.

UNDERSTOCK
Un`der*stock", v. t.

Defn: To supply insufficiently with stock. A. Smith.

UNDERSTOOD
Un`der*stood",

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Understand.

UNDERSTRAPPER
Un"der*strap`per, n.

Defn: A petty fellow; an inferior agent; an underling.
This was going to the fountain head at once, not applying to the
understrappers. Goldsmith.

UNDERSTRAPPING
Un"der*strap`ping, a.

Defn: Becoming an understrapper; subservient. [R.] Sterne.

UNDERSTRATUM
Un"der*stra`tum, n.; pl. L. Understrata (, E. Understratums (.

Defn: The layer, or stratum, of earth on which the mold, or soil,
rests; subsoil.

UNDERSTROKE
Un`der*stroke", v. t.

Defn: To underline or underscore. Swift.

UNDERSTUDY
Un"der*stud`y, v. t. & i. (Theater)

Defn: To study, as another actor's part, in order to be his
substitute in an emergency; to study another actor's part.

UNDERSTUDY
Un"der*stud`y, n.

Defn: One who studies another's part with a view to assuming it in an
emergency.

UNDERSUIT
Un"der*suit`, n.

Defn: A suit worn under another suit; a suit of underclothes.

UNDERTAKABLE
Un`der*tak"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being undertaken; practicable.

UNDERTAKE
Un`der*take", v. t. [imp. Undertook; p. p. Undertaken; p. pr. & vb.
n. Undertaking.] Etym: [Under + take.]

1. To take upon one's self; to engage in; to enter upon; to take in
hand; to begin to perform; to set about; to attempt.
To second, or oppose, or undertake The perilous attempt. Milton.

2. Specifically, to take upon one's self solemnly or expressly; to
lay one's self under obligation, or to enter into stipulations, to
perform or to execute; to covenant; to contract.
I 'll undertake to land them on our coast. Shak.

3. Hence, to guarantee; to promise; to affirm.
And he was not right fat, I undertake. Dryden.
And those two counties I will undertake Your grace shall well and
quietly enjoiy. Shak.
I dare undertake they will not lose their labor. Woodward.

4. To assume, as a character. [Obs.] Shak.

5. To engage with; to attack. [Obs.]
It is not fit your lordship should undertake every companion that you
give offense to. Shak.

6. To have knowledge of; to hear. [Obs.] Spenser.

7. To take or have the charge of. [Obs.] "Who undertakes you to your
end." Shak.
Keep well those that ye undertake. Chaucer.

UNDERTAKE
Un`der*take", v. i.

1. To take upon one's self, or assume, any business, duty, or
province.
O Lord, I am oppressed; undertake for me. Isa. xxxviii. 14.

2. To venture; to hazard. [Obs.]
It is the cowish terror of his spirit That dare not undertake. Shak.

3. To give a promise or guarantee; to be surety.
But on mine honor dare I undertake For good lord Titus' innocence in
all. Shak.

UNDERTAKER
Un`der*tak"er, n.

1. One who undertakes; one who engages in any project or business.
Beau. & Fl.

2. One who stipulates or covenants to perform any work for another; a
contractor.
To sign deputations for undertakes to furnish their proportions of
saltpeter. Evelyn.
In come some other undertakes, and promise us the same or greater
wonders. South.

3. Specifically, one who takes the charge and management of funerals.

UNDERTAKING
Un`der*tak"ing, n.

1. The act of one who undertakes, or engages in, any project or
business. Hakluyt.

2. That which is undertaken; any business, work, or project which a
person engages in, or attempts to perform; an enterprise.

3. Specifically, the business of an undertaker, or the management of
funerals.

4. A promise or pledge; a guarantee. A. Trollope.

UNDERTAPSTER
Un`der*tap"ster, n.

Defn: Assistant to a tapster.

UNDERTAXED
Un"der*taxed`, a.

Defn: Taxed too little, or at a lower rate than others.

UNDERTENANCY
Un"der*ten`an*cy, n.

Defn: Tenancy or tenure under a tenant or lessee; the tenure of an
undertenant.

UNDERTENANT
Un"der*ten`ant, n.

Defn: The tenant of a tenant; one who holds lands or tenements of a
tenant or lessee.

UNDERTHING
Un"der**thing`, n.

Defn: Something that is inferior and of little worth. [Obs.] Beau. &
Fl.

UNDERTIDE; UNDERTIME
Un"der*tide`, Un"der*time`, n. Etym: [Under + tide, time. Cf.
Undern.]

Defn: The under or after part of the day; undermeal; evening. [Obs.]
He, coming home at undertime, there found The fairest creature that
he ever saw. Spenser.

UNDERTONE
Un"der*tone`, n.

Defn: A low or subdued tone or utterance; a tone less loud than
usual.

UNDERTOOK
Un`der*took",

Defn: imp. of Undertake.

UNDERTOW
Un"der*tow`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The current that sets seaward near the bottom when waves are
breaking upon the shore.

UNDERTREASURER
Un"der*treas`ur*er, n.

Defn: An assistant treasurer.

UNDERTURN
Un`der*turn, v. t.

Defn: To turn upside down; to subvert; to upset. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNDERVALUATION
Un`der*val`u*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of undervaluing; a rate or value not equal to the real
worth.

UNDERVALUE
Un`der*val"ue, v. t.

1. To value, rate, or estimate below the real worth; to depreciate.

2. To esteem lightly; to treat as of little worth; to hold in mean
estimation; to despise.
In comparison of it I undervalued all ensigns of authority.
Atterbury.
I write not this with the least intention to undervalue the other
parts of poetry. Dryden.

UNDERVALUE
Un`der*val"ue, n.

Defn: A low rate or price; a price less than the real worth;
undervaluation. Milton.

UNDERVALUER
Un"der*val"u*er, n.

Defn: One who undervalues.

UNDERVERSE
Un"der*verse`, n.

Defn: The lower or second verse. [Obs.]

UNDERVEST
Un"der*vest`, n.

Defn: An undershirt.

UNDERVIEWER
Un"der*view`er, n.

Defn: See Underlooker.

UNDERWEAR
Un"der*wear`, n.

Defn: That which is worn under the outside clothing; underclothes.

UNDERWEEN
Un`der*ween", v. t.

Defn: To undervalue. [Obs.]

UNDERWENT
Un`der*went",

Defn: imp. of Undergo.

UNDERWING
Un"der*wing`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the posterior wings of an insect.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of noctuid moths belonging to
Catocala and allied genera, in which the hind wings are banded with
red and black or other conspicuous colors. Many of the species are
called red underwing.

UNDERWITTED
Un"der*wit`ted, a.

Defn: Weak in intellect; half-witted; silly. [R.] Bp. Kennet.

UNDERWOOD
Un"der*wood`, n.

Defn: Small trees and bushes that grow among large trees; coppice;
underbrush; -- formerly used in the plural.
Shrubs and underwoods look well enough while they grow within the
shade of oaks and cedars. Addison.

UNDERWORK
Un`der*work", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Underworked or Underwrought (; p.
pr. & vb. n. Underworking.]

1. To injure by working secretly; to destroy or overthrow by
clandestine measure; to undermine.
But thou from loving England art so far, That thou hast underwrought
his lawful king. Shak.

2. To expend too little work upon; as, to underwork a painting.
Dryden.

3. To do like work at a less price than; as, one mason may underwork
another.

UNDERWORK
Un`der*work", v. i.

1. To work or operate in secret or clandestinely. B. Jonson.

2. To do less work than is proper or suitable.

3. To do work for a less price than current rates.

UNDERWORK
Un"der*work`, n.

Defn: Inferior or subordinate work; petty business. Addison.

UNDERWORKER
Un"der*work`er, n.

1. One who underworks.

2. An inferior or subordinate workman. Waterland.

UNDERWORLD
Un"der*world`, n.

1. The lower of inferior world; the world which is under the heavens;
the earth.
That overspreads (with such a reverence) This underworld. Daniel.

2. The mythological place of departed souls; Hades.

3. The portion of the world which is below the horizon; the opposite
side of the world; the antipodes. [R.]
Fresh as the first beam glittering on a sail, That brings our friends
up from the underworld. Tennyson.

4. The inferior part of mankind. [R.] Atterbury.

UNDERWRITE
Un`der*write", v. t. [imp. Underwrote, Obs. Underwrit (; p. p.
Underwritten, Obs. Underwrit; p. pr. & vb. n. Underwriting.]

1. To write under something else; to subscribe.
What addition and change I have made I have here underwritten. Bp.
Sanderson.

2. To subscribe one's name to for insurance, especially for marine
insurance; to write one's name under, or set one's name to, as a
policy of insurance, for the purpose of becoming answerable for loss
or damage, on consideration of receiving a certain premium per cent;
as, individuals, as well as companies, may underwrite policies of
insurance. B. Jonson.
The broker who procures the insurance ought not, by underwriting the
policy, to deprive the parties of his unbiased testimony. Marshall.

UNDERWRITE
Un`der*write", v. i.

Defn: To practice the business of insuring; to take a risk of
insurance on a vessel or the like.

UNDERWRITER
Un"der*writ`er, n.

Defn: One who underwrites his name to the conditions of an insurance
policy, especially of a marine policy; an insurer.

UNDERWRITING
Un"der*writ`ing, n.

Defn: The business of an underwriter,

UNDERYOKE
Un`der*yoke", v. t.

Defn: To subject to the yoke; to make subject. Wyclif.

UNDESERVE
Un`de*serve", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + deserve.]

Defn: To fail to deserve. [Obs.] Milton.

UNDESERVER
Un`de*serv"er, n.

Defn: One of no merit; one who is nor deserving or worthy. [Obs.]
Shak.

UNDESIGNING
Un`de*sign"ing, a.

Defn: Having no artful, ulterior, or fraudulent purpose; sincere;
artless; simple.

UNDESTROYABLE
Un`de*stroy"a*ble, a.

Defn: Indestructible.

UNDETERMINABLE
Un`de*ter"mi*na*ble, a.

Defn: Not determinable; indeterminable. Locke.

UNDETERMINATE
Un`de*ter"mi*nate, a.

Defn: Nor determinate; not settled or certain; indeterminate. South.
 -- Un`de*ter"mi*nate*ness, n. Dr. H. More.

UNDETERMINATION
Un`de*ter`mi*na"tion, n.

Defn: Indetermination. Sir M. Hale.

UNDEVIL
Un*dev"il, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + devil.]

Defn: To free from possession by a devil or evil spirit; to exorcise.
[Obs.]
They boy having gotten a habit of counterfeiting . . . would not be
undeviled by all their exorcisms. Fuller.

UNDEVOTION
Un`de*vo"tion, n.

Defn: Absence or want of devotion.

UNDID
Un*did",

Defn: imp. of Undo.

UNDIFFERENTIATED
Un*dif`fer*en"ti*a`ted, a.

Defn: Not differentiated; specifically (Biol.), homogenous, or nearly
so; -- said especially of young or embryonic tissues which have not
yet undergone differentiation (see Differentiation, 3), that is,
which show no visible separation into their different structural
parts.

UNDIGENOUS
Un*dig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. unda a wave + -genous.]

Defn: Generated by water. [R.] Kirwan.

UNDIGESTIBLE
Un`di*gest"i*ble, a.

Defn: Indigestible.

UNDIGHT
Un*dight", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + dight.]

Defn: To put off; to lay aside, as a garment. [Obs.] Spenser.

UNDIGNE
Un*digne", a.

Defn: Unworthy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

UNDINE
Un*dine", n. Etym: [G. undine, or F. ondin, ondine, from L. unda a
wave, water.]

Defn: One of a class of fabled female water spirits who might receive
a human soul by intermarrying with a mortal.

UNDIOCESED
Un*di"o*cesed, a.

Defn: Unprovided with a diocese; having no diocese. Milton.

UNDIRECT
Un`di*rect", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + direct, v. t.]

Defn: To misdirect; to mislead. [Obs.]
who make false fires to undirect seamen in a tempest. Fuller.

UNDIRECT
Un`di*rect", a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + direct.]

Defn: Indirect.

UNDIRECTED
Un`di*rect"ed, a. Etym: [In senses 1 and 2, pref. un- not + directed;
in sense 3 properly p. p. of undirect.]

1. Not directed; not guided; left without direction.

2. Not addressed; not superscribed, as a letter.

3. Misdirected; misled; led astray. [R.]

UNDIRECTLY
Un`di*rect"ly, adv.

Defn: Indirectly. Strype.

UNDISCERNING
Un`dis*cern"ing, n.

Defn: Want of discernment. [R.] Spectator.

UNDISCLOSE
Un`dis*close", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + disclose.]

Defn: To keep close or secret. [Obs.] Daniel.

UNDISCREET
Un`dis*creet", a.

Defn: Indiscreet. Chaucer.
 -- Un`dis*creet"ly, adv.
 -- -- Un`dis*creet"ness.
 -- Un`dis*cre"tion, n. Indiscretion.

UNDISPENSABLE
Un`dis*pen"sa*ble, a.

1. Indispensable.

2. Unavoidable; inevitable. [Obs.] Fuller.

3. Not to be freed by dispensation. [Obs.]

UNDISPENSED
Un`dis*pensed", a.

1. Not dispensed.

2. Not freed by dispensation. [R.] Tooker.

UNDISPOSEDNESS
Un`dis*pos"ed*ness, n.

Defn: Indisposition; disinclination.

UNDISPUTABLE
Un*dis"pu*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Indisputable. Addison.
 -- Un*dis"pu*ta*ble*ness, n.

UNDISTINCTIVE
Un`dis*tinc"tive, a.

Defn: Making no distinctions; not discriminating; impartial.
As undistinctive Death will come here one day. Dickens.

UNDISTINCTLY
Un`dis*tinct"ly, adv.

Defn: Indistinctly.

UNDIVIDED
Un`di*vid"ed, a.

1. Not divided; not separated or disunited; unbroken; whole;
continuous; as, plains undivided by rivers or mountains.

2. Not set off, as a share in a firm; not made actually separate by
division; as, a partner, owning one half in a firm, is said to own an
undivided half so long as the business continues and his share is not
set off to him.

3. Not directed or given to more than one object; as, undivided
attention or affection. Shak.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Not lobed, cleft, or branched; entire.

UNDIVIDUAL
Un`di*vid"u*al, a.

Defn: Indivisible. [Obs.]
True courage and courtesy are undividual companions. Fuller.

UNDIVISIBLE
Un`di*vis"i*ble, a.

Defn: Indivisible.

UNDO
Un*do", v. t. Etym: [AS. und. See 1st Un-, and Do to perform.]

1. To reverse, as what has been done; to annul; to bring to naught.
What's done can not be undone. Shak.
To-morrow, ere the setting sun, She 'd all undo that she had done.
Swift.

2. To loose; to open; to take to piece; to unfasten; to untie; hence,
to unravel; to solve; as, to undo a knot; to undo a puzzling
question; to undo a riddle. Tennyson.
Pray you, undo this button. Shak.
She took the spindle, and undoing the thread gradually, measured it.
Sir W. Scott.

3. To bring to poverty; to impoverish; to ruin, as in reputation,
morals, hopes, or the like; as, many are undone by unavoidable
losses, but more undo themselves by vices and dissipation, or by
indolence.
That quaffing and drinking will undo you, Shak.

UNDOCK
Un*dock", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + dock.] (Naut.)

Defn: To take out of dock; as, to undock a ship.

UNDOER
Un*do"er, n.

Defn: One who undoes anything; especially, one who ruins another.

UNDOING
Un*do"ing, n.

1. The reversal of what has been done.

2. Ruin. "The utter undoing of some." Hooker.

UNDOMESTICATE
Un`do*mes"ti*cate, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + domesticate.]

Defn: To make wild or roving.

UNDONE
Un*done",

Defn: p. p. of Undo.

UNDONE
Un*done", a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + done.]

Defn: Not done or performed; neglected.

UNDOUBLE
Un*dou"ble, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + double.]

Defn: To unfold, or render single.

UNDOUBTABLE
Un*doubt"a*ble, a.

Defn: Indubitable.

UNDOUBTED
Un*doubt"ed, a.

Defn: Not doubted; not called in question; indubitable; indisputable;
as, undoubted proof; undoubted hero.
 -- Un*doubt"ed*ly, adv.

UNDRAPE
Un*drape", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + drape.]

Defn: To strip of drapery; to uncover or unveil.

UNDRAW
Un*draw", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + draw.]

Defn: To draw aside or open; to draw back.
Angels undrew the curtain of the throne. Young.

UNDREAMED; UNDREAMT
Un*dreamed", Un*dreamt", a.

Defn: Not dreamed, or dreamed of; not thof.
Unpathed waters, undreamed shores. Shak.

UNDRESS
Un*dress", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + dress.]

1. To divest of clothes; to strip.

2. To divest of ornaments to disrobe.

3. (Med.)

Defn: To take the dressing, or covering, from; as, to undress a
wound.

UNDRESS
Un"dress, n.

1. A loose, negligent dress; ordinary dress, as distinguished from
full dress.

2. (Mil. & Naval)

Defn: An authorized habitual dress of officers and soldiers, but not
full-dress uniform. Undress parade (Mil.), a substitute for dress
parade, allowed in bad weather, the companies forming without arms,
and the ceremony being shortened.

UNDUBITABLE
Un*du"bi*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Indubitable; as, an undubitable principle. [Obs.] Locke.

UNDUE
Un*due", a.

1. Not due; not yet owing; as, an undue debt, note, or bond.

2. Not right; not lawful or legal; improper; as, an undue proceeding.
Bacon.

3. Not agreeable to a rule or standard, or to duty; disproportioned;
excessive; immoderate; inordinate; as, an undue attachment to forms;
an undue rigor in the execution of law. Undue influence (Law), any
improper or wrongful constraint, machination, or urgency of
persuasion, by which one's will is overcome and he is induced to do
or forbear an act which he would not do, or would do, if left to act
freely. Abbott.

UNDUENESS
Un*due"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being undue.

UNDUKE
Un*duke", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + duke.]

Defn: To deprive of dukedom. Swift.

UNDULANT
Un"du*lant, a.

Defn: Undulating. [R.]

UNDULARY
Un"du*la*ry, a. Etym: [See Undulate.]

Defn: Moving like waves; undulatory. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

UNDULATE
Un"du*late, a. Etym: [L. undulatus undulated, wavy, a dim. from unda
a wave; cf. AS. unnr; perhaps akin to E. water. Cf. Abound, Inundate,
Redound, Surround.]

Defn: Same as Undulated.

UNDULATE
Un"du*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Undulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Undulating.]

Defn: To cause to move backward and forward, or up and down, in
undulations or waves; to cause to vibrate.
Breath vocalized, that is, vibrated and undulated. Holder.

UNDULATE
Un"du*late, v. i.

Defn: To move in, or have, undulations or waves; to vibrate; to wave;
as, undulating air.

UNDULATED
Un"du*la`ted, a.

1. Resembling, or in the nature of, waves; having a wavy surface;
undulatory.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Waved obtusely up and down, near the margin, as a leaf or
corolla; wavy.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Formed with elevations and depressions resembling waves; having
wavelike color markings; as, an undulated shell.

UNDULATING
Un"du*la`ting, a.

Defn: Rising and falling like waves; resembling wave form or motion;
undulatory; rolling; wavy; as, an undulating medium; undulating
ground.
 -- Un"du*la`ting*ly. adv.

UNDULATION
Un`du*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ondulation.]

1. The act of undulating; a waving motion or vibration; as, the
undulations of a fluid, of water, or of air; the undulations of
sound.

2. A wavy appearance or outline; waviness. Evelyn.

3. (Mus.)
(a) The tremulous tone produced by a peculiar pressure of the finger
on a string, as of a violin.
(b) The pulsation caused by the vibrating together of two tones not
quite in unison; -- called also beat.

4. (Physics)

Defn: A motion to and fro, up and down, or from side to side, in any
fluid or elastic medium, propagated continuously among its particles,
but with no translation of the particles themselves in the direction
of the propagation of the wave; a wave motion; a vibration.

UNDULATIONIST
Un`du*la"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who advocates the undulatory theory of light. Whewell.

UNDULATIVE
Un"du*la*tive, a.

Defn: Consisting in, or accompanied by, undulations; undulatory.

UNDULATORY
Un"du*la*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ondulatoire.]

Defn: Moving in the manner of undulations, or waves; resembling the
motion of waves, which successively rise or swell rise or swell and
fall; pertaining to a propagated alternating motion, similar to that
of waves. Undulatory theory, or Wave theory (of light) (Opt.), that
theory which regards its various phenomena as due to undulations in
an ethereal medium, propagated from the radiant with immense, but
measurable, velocities, and producing different impressions on the
retina according to their amplitude and frequency, the sensation of
brightness depending on the former, that of color on the latter. The
undulations are supposed to take place, not in the direction of
propagation, as in the air waves constituting sound, but
transversely, and the various phenomena of refraction, polarization,
interference, etc., are attributable to the different affections of
these undulations in different circumstances of propagation. It is
computed that the frequency of the undulations corresponding to the
several colors of the spectrum ranges from 458 millions of millions
per second for the extreme red ray, to 727 millions of millions for
the extreme violet, and their lengths for the same colors, from the
thirty-eight thousandth to the sixty thousandth part of an inch. The
theory of ethereal undulations is applicable not only to the
phenomena of light, but also to those of heat.

UNDULL
Un*dull", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + dull.]

Defn: To remove the dullness of; to clear. [Obs.] Whitlock.

UNDULOUS
Un"du*lous, a.

Defn: Undulating; undulatory.

UNDULY
Un*du"ly, adv.

Defn: In an undue manner.

UNDUMPISH
Un*dump"ish, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + dumpish.]

Defn: To relieve from the dumps. [Obs.] Fuller.

UNDUST
Un*dust", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + dust.]

Defn: To free from dust. [Obs.]

UNDWELLABLE
Un*dwell"a*ble, a.

Defn: Uninhabitable. [Obs.] "A land undwellable." Wyclif.

UNDWELT
Un*dwelt", a.

Defn: Not lived (in); -- with in.

UNDYING
Un*dy"ing, a.

Defn: Not dying; imperishable; unending; immortal; as, the undying
souls of men.

UNEARED
Un*eared", a.

Defn: Not eared, or plowed. Shak.

UNEARNED
Un*earned", a.

Defn: Not earned; not gained by labor or service. Unearned increment
(Polit. Econ.), a increase in the value of land due to no labor or
expenditure on the part of the owner, but to natural causes, such as
the increase of population, the growth of a town in the vicinity, or
the like. Some hold that this should belong to the nation.

UNEARTH
Un*earth", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unearthed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Unearthing.] Etym: [1st pref. un- + earth.]

Defn: To drive or draw from the earth; hence, to uncover; to bring
out from concealment; to bring to light; to disclose; as, to unearth
a secret.
To unearth the roof of an old tree. Wordsworth.

UNEARTHLY
Un*earth"ly, a.

Defn: Not terrestrial; supernatural; preternatural; hence, weird;
appalling; terrific; as, an unearthly sight or sound.
 -- Un*earth"li*ness, n.

UNEASE
Un*ease", n.

Defn: Want of ease; uneasiness. [Obs.]

UNEASILY
Un*eas"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In an uneasy manner.

UNEASINESS
Un*eas"i*ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being uneasy; restlessness; disquietude;
anxiety.

2. The quality of making uneasy; discomfort; as, the uneasiness of
the road. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

UNEASY
Un*eas"y, a.

1. Not easy; difficult. [R.]
Things . . . so uneasy to be satisfactorily understood. Boyle.
The road will be uneasy to find. Sir W. Scott.

2. Restless; disturbed by pain, anxiety, or the like; disquieted;
perturbed.
The soul, uneasy and confined from home, Rests and expatiates in a
life to come. Pope.

3. Not easy in manner; constrained; stiff; awkward; not graceful; as,
an uneasy deportment.

4. Occasioning want of ease; constraining; cramping; disagreeable;
unpleasing. "His uneasy station." Milton.
A sour, untractable nature makes him uneasy to those who approach
him. Addison.

UNEATH
Un*eath", a. Etym: [AS. uneá; un- not + eá easily, easy; akin to OS.
easy, OHG. .]

Defn: Not easy; difficult; hard. [Obs.]
Who he was, uneath was to descry. Spenser.

UNEATH
Un*eath", adv.

Defn: Not easily; hardly; scarcely. [Obs.]
Uneath may she endure the flinty streets. Shak.

UNEDGE
Un*edge", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + edge.]

Defn: To deprive of the edge; to blunt. J. Fletcher.

UNEFECTUAL
Un`e*fec"tu*al, a.

Defn: Ineffectual. "His uneffectual fire." Shak.

UNELASTIC
Un`e*las"tic, a.

Defn: Not elastic; inelastic.

UNELASTICITY
Un`e*las*tic"i*ty, n.

Defn: Inelasticity.

UNELEGANT
Un*el"e*gant, a.

Defn: Inelegant.

UNELIGIBLE
Un*el"i*gi*ble, a.

Defn: Ineligible. Roger

UNEMBARRASSED
Un`em*bar"rassed, a.

Defn: Not embarrassed. Specifically: --
(a) Not perplexed in mind; not confused; as, the speaker appeared
unembarrassed.
(b) Free from pecuniary difficulties or encumbrances; as, he and his
property are unembarrassed.
(c) Free from perplexing connection; as, the question comes into
court unembarrassed with irrelevant matter.

UNEMBARRASSMENT
Un`em*bar"rass*ment, n.

Defn: Freedom from embarrassment.

UNEMBODIED
Un`em*bod"ied, a.

1. Free from a corporeal body; disembodied; as, unembodied spirits.
Byron.

2. Not embodied; not collected into a body; not yet organized; as,
unembodied militia.

UNEMPIRICALLY
Un`em*pir"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Not empirically; without experiment or experience.

UNEMPLOYED
Un`em*ployed", a.

1. Nor employed in manual or other labor; having no regular work.

2. Not invested or used; as, unemployed capital.

UNEMPLOYMENT
Un`em*ploy"ment, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being not employed; -- used esp. in
economics, of the condition of various social classes when
temporarily thrown out of employment, as those engaged for short
periods, those whose trade is decaying, and those least competent.

UNENCUMBER
Un`en*cum"ber, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + encumber.]

Defn: To free from incumbrance; to disencumber.

UNENDLY
Un*end"ly, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + end + -ly.]

Defn: Unending; endless. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

UNENTANGLE
Un`en*tan"gle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + entangle.]

Defn: To disentangle.

UNEQUAL
Un*e"qual, a. Etym: [Cf. Inequal.]

1. Not equal; not matched; not of the same size, length, breadth,
quantity, strength, talents, acquirements, age, station, or the like;
as, the fingers are of unequal length; peers and commoners are
unequal in rank.

2. Ill balanced or matched; disproportioned; hence, not equitable;
partial; unjust; unfair.
Against unequal arms to fight in pain. Milton.
Jerome, a very unequal relator of the opinion of his adversaries.
John Worthington.
To punish me for what you make me do Seems much unequal. Shak.

3. Not uniform; not equable; irregular; uneven; as, unequal
pulsations; an unequal poem.

4. Not adequate or sufficient; inferior; as, the man was unequal to
the emergency; the timber was unequal to the sudden strain.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: Not having the two sides or the parts symmetrical.

UNEQUALABLE
Un*e"qual*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being equaled or paralleled. [Obs.] Boyle.

UNEQUALED
Un*e"qualed, a.

Defn: Not equaled; unmatched; unparalleled; unrivaled; exceeding;
surpassing; -- in a good or bad sense; as, unequaled excellence;
unequaled ingratitude or baseness. [Written also unequalled.]

UNEQUALLY
Un*e"qual*ly, adv.

Defn: In an unequal manner. Unequally pinnate (Bot.), pinnate, but
with an odd number of leaflets.

UNEQUALNESS
Un*e"qual*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unequal; inequality; unevenness.
Jer. Taylor.

UNEQUITABLE
Un*eq"ui*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Inequitable.

UNEQUITY
Un*eq"ui*ty, n.

Defn: Want of equity or uprightness; injustice; wickedness; iniquity.
[Obs.] Wyclif.

UNEQUIVOCAL
Un`e*quiv"o*cal, a.

Defn: Not equivocal; not doubtful; not ambiguous; evident; sincere;
plain; as, unequivocal evidence; unequivocal words.
 -- Un`e*quiv"o*cal*ly, adv.
 -- Un`e*quiv"o*cal*ness, n.

UNERRING
Un*err"ing, a.

Defn: Committing no mistake; incapable or error or failure certain;
sure; unfailing; as, the unerring wisdom of God.
Hissing in air the unerring weapon flew. Dryden.

UNERRINGLY
Un*err"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In an unerring manner.

UNESSENTIAL
Un`es*sen"tial, a.

1. Not essential; not of prime importance; not indispensable;
unimportant. Addison.

2. Void of essence, or real being. [R.] Milton.

UNESSENTIAL
Un`es*sen"tial, n.

Defn: Something not constituting essence, or something which is not
of absolute necessity; as, forms are among the unessentials of
religion.

UNESSENTIALLY
Un`es*sen"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In an unessential manner.

UNESTABLISH
Un`es*tab"lish, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + establish.]

Defn: To disestablish. [R.]
The Parliament demanded of the king to unestablish that prelatical
government. Milton.

UNETH; UNETHES
Un*eth", Un*ethes", adv.

Defn: With difficulty; scarcely. See Uneath. [Written also unethe,
unneth, unnethe, unnethes, etc.] [Obs.] Chaucer.

UNEVEN
Un*e"ven, a. Etym: [AS. unefen. See Un- not, and Even, a.]

1. Not even; not level; not uniform; rough; as, an uneven road or
way; uneven ground.

2. Not equal; not of equal length.
Hebrew verse consists of uneven feet. Peacham.

3. Not divisible by two without a remainder; odd; -- said of numbers;
as, 3, 7, and 11 are uneven numbers. Un*e"ven*ly, adv.
 -- Un*e"ven*ness, n.

UNEVITABLE
Un*ev"i*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Inevitable. [Obs.]

UNEXACT
Un`ex*act", a.

Defn: Not exact; inexact.

UNEXAMPLED
Un`ex*am"pled, a.

Defn: Having no example or similar case; being without precedent;
unprecedented; unparalleled. "A revolution . . . unexampled for
grandeur of results." De Quincey.

UNEXCEPTIONABLE
Un`ex*cep"tion*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not liable to any exception or objection; unobjectionable;
faultless; good; excellent; as, a man of most unexceptionable
character.
 -- Un`ex*cep"tion*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Un`ex*cep"tion*a*bly, adv.

Chesterfield is an unexceptionable witness. Macaulay.

UNEXCEPTIVE
Un`ex*cept"ive, a.

Defn: Not exceptive; not including, admitting, or being, an
exception.

UNEXCUSABLE
Un`ex*cus"a*ble, a.

Defn: Inexcusable. Hayward.
 -- Un`ex*cus"a*ble*ness, n.

UNEXHAUSTIBLE
Un`ex*haust"i*ble, a.

Defn: Inexhaustible.

UNEXPECTATION
Un*ex`pec*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Absence of expectation; want of foresight. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

UNEXPECTED
Un`ex*pect"ed, a.

Defn: Not expected; coming without warning; sudden.
 -- Un`ex*pect"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Un`ex*pect"ed*ness, n.

UNEXPEDIENT
Un`ex*pe"di*ent, a.

Defn: Inexpedient. [Obs.]

UNEXPENSIVE
Un`ex*pen"sive, a.

Defn: Inexpensive. Milton.

UNEXPERIENCE
Un`ex*pe"ri*ence, n.

Defn: Inexperience. [Obs.]

UNEXPERIENCED
Un`ex*pe"ri*enced, a.

1. Not experienced; being without experience; inexperienced. Swift.

2. Untried; -- applied to things. Cheyne.

UNEXPERIENT
Un`ex*pe"ri*ent, a.

Defn: Inexperienced. [Obs.]

UNEXPERT
Un`ex*pert", a.

Defn: Not expert; inexpert. Milton.

UNEXPERTLY
Un`ex*pert"ly, adv.

Defn: In an unexpert manner.

UNEXPRESSIBLE
Un`ex*press"i*ble, a.

Defn: Inexpressible. Tillotson.
 -- Un`ex*press"i*bly, adv.

UNEXPRESSIVE
Un`ex*press"ive, a.

1. Not expressive; not having the power of utterance; inexpressive.

2. Incapable of being expressed; inexpressible; unutterable;
ineffable. [Obs.]
Run, run, Orlando; carve on every tree The fair, the chaste and
unexpressive she. Shak.
-- Un`ex*press"ive*ly, adv.

UNEXTINGUISHABLE
Un`ex*tin"guish*a*ble, a.

Defn: Inextinguishable.
 -- Un`ex*tin"guish*a*bly, adv.

UNEXTRICABLE
Un*ex"tri*ca*ble, a.

Defn: Not extricable; inextricable. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

UNFACE
Un*face", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + face.]

Defn: To remove the face or cover from; to unmask; to expose.

UNFAILABLE
Un*fail"a*ble, a.

Defn: Infallible. [Obs.] "This unfailable word of truth." Bp. Hall.

UNFAILING
Un*fail"ing, a.

Defn: Not failing; not liable to fail; inexhaustible; certain; sure.
Dryden.
 -- Un*fail"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Un*fail"ing*ness, n.

UNFAIR
Un*fair", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + fair.]

Defn: To deprive of fairness or beauty. [R.] Shak.

UNFAIR
Un*fair", a. Etym: [AS. unfæger unlovely. See Un- not, and Fair, a.]

Defn: Not fair; not honest; not impartial; disingenuous; using or
involving trick or artifice; dishonest; unjust; unequal.
You come, like an unfair merchant, to charge me with being in your
debt. Swift.
-- Un*fair"ly, adv -- Un*fair"ness, n.

UNFAITH
Un*faith", n.

Defn: Absence or want of faith; faithlessness; distrust; unbelief.
[R.]
Faith and unfaith can ne'er be equal powers: Unfaith in aught is want
of faith in all. Tennyson.

UNFAITHFUL
Un*faith"ful, a.

1. Not faithful; not observant of promises, vows, allegiance, or
duty; violating trust or confidence; treacherous; perfidious; as, an
unfaithful subject; an unfaithful agent or servant.
My feet, through wine, unfaithful to their weight. Pope.
His honor rooted in dishonor stood, And faith unfaithful kept him
falsely true. Tennyson.

2. Not possessing faith; infidel. [R.] Milton.
 -- Un*faith"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Un*faith"ful*ness, n.

UNFALCATED
Un*fal"ca*ted, a.

1. Not falcated, or hooked.

2. Having no deductions; not curtailed, or shortened; undiminished.
[R.] Swift.

UNFALLIBLE
Un*fal"li*ble, a.

Defn: Infallible. Shak.

UNFASTEN
Un*fas"ten, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + fasten.]

Defn: To loose; to unfix; to unbind; to untie.

UNFATHERED
Un*fa"thered, a.

1. Having no father; fatherless; hence, born contrary to nature.
Shak.

2. Having no acknowledged father; hence, illegitimate; spurious;
bastard.

UNFAVORABLE
Un*fa"vor*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not favorable; not propitious; adverse; contrary; discouraging.
 -- Un*fa"vor*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Un*fa"vor*a*bly, adv.

UNFEATHER
Un*feath"er, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + feather.]

Defn: To deprive of feathers; to strip. [R.]

UNFEATURED
Un*fea"tured, a.

Defn: Wanting regular features; deformed. "Visage rough, deformed,
unfeatured, and a skin of buff." Dryden.

UNFEATY
Un*feat"y, a. Etym: [Un- not + feat, a.]

Defn: Not feat; not dexterous; unskillful; clumsy. [Obs.] Sir P.
Sidney.

UNFEELING
Un*feel"ing, a.

1. Destitute of feeling; void of sensibility; insensible; insensate.

2. Without kind feelings; cruel; hard-hearted.
To each his sufferings: all are men, Condemned alike to groan; The
tender for another's pain, Th' unfeeling for his own. Gray.
-- Un*feel"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Un*feel"ing*ness, n.

UNFEIGNED
Un*feigned", a.

Defn: Not feigned; not counterfeit; not hypocritical; real; sincere;
genuine; as, unfeigned piety; unfeigned love to man. "Good faith
unfeigned." Chaucer.
 -- Un*feign"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Un*feign"ed*ness, n.

UNFELLOW
Un*fel"low, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + fellow.]

Defn: To prevent from being a fellow or companion; to separate from
one's fellows; to dissever.
Death quite unfellows us. Mrs. Browning.

UNFELLOWED
Un*fel"lowed, a. Etym: [Pref. un- + fellowed.]

Defn: Being without a fellow; unmatched; unmated. Shak.

UNFENCE
Un*fence", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + fence.]

Defn: To strip of a fence; to remove a fence from.

UNFERTILE
Un*fer"tile, a.

Defn: Not fertile; infertile; barren.
 -- Un*fer"tile*ness, n.

UNFESTLICH
Un*fest"lich, a.

Defn: Unfit for a feast; hence, jaded; worn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

UNFETTER
Un*fet"ter, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + fetter.]

Defn: To loose from fetters or from restraint; to unchain; to
unshackle; to liberate; as, to unfetter the mind.

UNFEUDALIZE
Un*feu"dal*ize, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + feudalize.]

Defn: To free from feudal customs or character; to make not feudal.
Carlyle.

UNFILE
Un*file", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + file.]

Defn: To remove from a file or record.

UNFILED
Un*filed", a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + filed, p. p. of file to defile.]

Defn: Not defiled; pure. [Obs.] Surrey.

UNFILIAL
Un*fil"ial, a.

Defn: Unsuitable to a son or a daughter; undutiful; not becoming a
child.
 -- Un*fil"ial*ly, adv.

UNFINISHED
Un*fin"ished, a.

Defn: Not finished, not brought to an end; imperfect; incomplete;
left in the rough; wanting the last hand or touch; as, an unfinished
house; an unfinished picture; an unfinished iron casting.

UNFIRM
Un*firm", a.

Defn: Infirm. [R.] Dryden.

UNFIRMNESS
Un*firm"ness, n.

Defn: Infirmness. [R.]

UNFIT
Un*fit", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + fit.]

Defn: To make unsuitable or incompetent; to deprive of the strength,
skill, or proper qualities for anything; to disable; to incapacitate;
to disqualify; as, sickness unfits a man for labor; sin unfits us for
the society of holy beings.

UNFIT
Un*fit", a. Etym: [Pref. un- + fit.]

Defn: Not fit; unsuitable.
 -- Un*fit"ly, adv.
 -- Un*fit"ness, n.

UNFIX
Un*fix", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + fix.]

1. To loosen from a fastening; to detach from anything that holds; to
unsettle; as, to unfix a bayonet; to unfix the mind or affections.

2. To make fluid; to dissolve. [R.]
The mountain stands; nor can the rising sun Unfix her frosts. Dryden.

UNFLEDGED
Un*fledged", a.

Defn: Not fledged; not feathered; hence, not fully developed;
immature. Dryden.

UNFLESH
Un*flesh", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + flesh.]

Defn: To deprive of flesh; to reduce a skeleton. "Unfleshed
humanity." Wordsworth.

UNFLESHLY
Un*flesh"ly, a.

Defn: Not pertaining to the flesh; spiritual.

UNFLEXIBLE
Un*flex"i*ble, a.

Defn: Inflexible.

UNFLINCHING
Un*flinch"ing, a.

Defn: Not flinching or shrinking; unyielding.
 -- Un*flinch"ing*ly, adv.

UNFLOWER
Un*flow"er, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + flower.]

Defn: To strip of flowers. [R.] G. Fletcher.

UNFOLD
Un*fold", v. t. Etym: [AS. unfealdan. See 1st Un-, and Fold, v. t.]

1. To open the folds of; to expand; to spread out; as, to unfold a
tablecloth.
Unfold thy forehead gathered into frowns. Herbert.

2. To open, as anything covered or close; to lay open to view or
contemplation; to bring out in all the details, or by successive
development; to display; to disclose; to reveal; to elucidate; to
explain; as, to unfold one's designs; to unfold the principles of a
science.
Unfold the passion of my love. Shak.

3. To release from a fold or pen; as, to unfold sheep.

UNFOLD
Un*fold", v. i.

Defn: To open; to expand; to become disclosed or developed.
The wind blows cold While the morning doth unfold. J. Fletcher.

UNFOLDER
Un*fold"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, unfolds.

UNFOLDMENT
Un*fold"ment, n.

Defn: The acct of unfolding, or the state of being unfolded.
The extreme unfoldment of the instinctive powers. C. Morris.

UNFOOL
Un*fool", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + fool.]

Defn: To restore from folly, or from being a fool. [Obs.] Shak.

UNFORESEE
Un`fore*see", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + foresee.]

Defn: To fail to foresee. Bp. Hacket.

UNFORESEEABLE
Un`fore*see"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being foreseen. South.

UNFORESKINNED
Un*fore"skinned, a. Etym: [1st pref. un- + foreskin + -ed.]

Defn: Deprived of the foreskin; circumcised. [R.] Milton.

UNFORGETTABLE
Un`for*get"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Not forgettable; enduring in memory.
Pungent and unforgettable truths. Emerson.

UNFORM
Un*form", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + form.]

Defn: To decompose, or resolve into parts; to destroy the form of; to
unmake. [R.] Good.

UNFORMED
Un*formed", a. Etym: [In sense 1 properly p. p. of un form; in senses
2 and 3 pref. un- not + formed.]

1. Decomposed, or resolved into parts; having the form destroyed.

2. Not formed; not arranged into regular shape, order, or relations;
shapeless; amorphous.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: Unorganized; without definite shape or structure; as, an
unformed, or unorganized, ferment. Unformed stars (Astron.), stars
not grouped into any constellation; informed stars. See Sporades.

UNFORTUNATE
Un*for"tu*nate, a.

Defn: Not fortunate; unsuccessful; not prosperous; unlucky; attended
with misfortune; unhappy; as, an unfortunate adventure; an
unfortunate man; an unfortunate commander; unfortunate business.
 -- n.

Defn: An unfortunate person. Hood.
 -- Un*for"tu*nate*ly, adv.
 -- Un*for"tu*nate*ness, n.

UNFOUNDED
Un*found"ed, a.

1. Not founded; not built or established. Milton.

2. Having no foundation; baseless; vain; idle; as, unfounded
expectations. Paley.

UNFRAME
Un*frame", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + frame.]

Defn: To take apart, or destroy the frame of. Dryden.

UNFRANGIBLE
Un*fran"gi*ble, a.

Defn: Infrangible. [Obs.] "Impassible and unfrangible." Jer. Taylor.

UNFRANKABLE
Un*frank"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not frankable; incapable of being sent free by public
conveyance.

UNFRAUGHT
Un*fraught", a.

1. Etym: [Pref. un- not + fraught.]

Defn: Not fraught; not burdened.

2. Etym: [1st pref. un- + fraught.]

Defn: Removed, as a burden; unloaded. P. Fletcher.

UNFREE
Un*free", a.

Defn: Not free; held in bondage.
There had always been a slave class, a class of the unfree, among the
English as among all German peoples. J. R. Green

UNFREEZE
Un*freeze", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + freeze.]

Defn: To thaw. [Obs.]

UNFREQUENCY
Un*fre"quen*cy, n.

Defn: Infrequency.

UNFREQUENT
Un*fre"quent (, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + frequent.]

Defn: Infrequent. J. H. Newman.
 -- Un*fre"quent*ly adv.

UNFREQUENT
Un`fre*quent", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + frequent.]

Defn: To cease to frequent. [Obs.]
They quit their thefts and unfrequent the fields. J. Philips.

UNFREQUENTED
Un`fre*quent"ed, a. Etym: [Pref. un- + frequented.]

Defn: Rarely visited; seldom or never resorted to by human beings;
as, an unfrequented place or forest. Addison.

UNFRET
Un*fret", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + fret.]

Defn: To smooth after being fretted. [Obs.]

UNFRIEND
Un*friend", n.

Defn: One not a friend; an enemy. [R.] Carlyle.

UNFRIENDED
Un*friend"ed, a.

Defn: Wanting friends; not befriended; not countenanced or supported.
Goldsmith.
If Richard indeed does come back, it must be alone, unfollowed,
unfriended. Sir W. Scott.

UNFRIENDLY
Un*friend"ly, a.

1. Not friendly; not kind or benevolent; hostile; as, an unfriendly
neighbor.

2. Not favorable; not adapted to promote or support any object; as,
weather unfriendly to health.
 -- Un*friend"li*ness, n.

UNFRIENDSHIP
Un*friend"ship, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being unfriendly; unfriendliness;
enmity.
An act of unfriendship to my sovereign person. Sir W. Scott.

UNFROCK
Un*frock", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + frock.]

Defn: To deprive or divest or a frock; specifically, to deprive of
priestly character or privilege; as, to unfrock a priest.

UNFRUITFUL
Un*fruit"ful, a.

Defn: Not producing fruit or offspring; unproductive; infertile;
barren; sterile; as, an unfruitful tree or animal; unfruitful soil;
an unfruitful life or effort.
 -- Un*fruit"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Un*fruit"ful*ness, n.

UNFUMED
Un*fumed", a.

Defn: Not exposed to fumes; not fumigated. Milton.

UNFURL
Un*furl", v. t. & i. Etym: [1st pref. un- + furl.]

Defn: To loose from a furled state; to unfold; to expand; to open or
spread; as, to unfurl sails; to unfurl a flag.

UNFURNISH
Un*fur"nish, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + furnish.]

Defn: To strip of furniture; to divest; to strip.

UNFUSIBLE
Un*fu"si*ble, a.

Defn: Infusible. [R.]

UNGAIN
Un*gain", a. Etym: [OE. ungein. See Ungainly.]

Defn: Ungainly; clumsy; awkward; also, troublesome; inconvenient.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Beau. & Pl.

UNGAINLINESS
Un*gain"li*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being ungainly; awkwardness.

UNGAINLY
Un*gain"ly, a. Etym: [OE. ungeinliche, adv., fr. ungein inconvenient;
un- + Icel. gegn ready, serviceable; adv., against, opposite. See Un-
not, and Gain, a., Again.]

1. Not gainly; not expert or dexterous; clumsy; awkward; uncouth; as,
an ungainly strut in walking.
His ungainly figure and eccentric manners. Macaulay.

2. Unsuitable; unprofitable. [Obs.] Hammond.

UNGAINLY
Un*gain"ly, adv.

Defn: In an ungainly manner.

UNGEAR
Un*gear", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + gear.]

Defn: To strip of gear; to unharness; to throw out of gear.

UNGELD
Un*geld", n. Etym: [Pref. un- not + geld payment.] (Anglo-Sax. Law)

Defn: A person so far out of the protection of the law, that if he
were murdered, no geld, or fine, should be paid, or composition made
by him that killed him. Cowell. Burrill.

UNGENEROUS
Un*gen"er*ous, a.

Defn: Not generous; illiberal; ignoble; unkind; dishonorable.
The victor never will impose on Cato Ungenerous terms. Addison.

UNGENEROUSLY
Un*gen"er*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ungenerous manner.

UNGENITURED
Un*gen"i*tured, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + geniture.]

Defn: Destitute of genitals; impotent. [R.] Shak.

UNGENTLE
Un*gen"tle, a.

Defn: Not gentle; lacking good breeding or delicacy; harsh.
Vicious, ungentle, foolish, blunt, unkind. Shak.
That ungentle flavor which distinguishes nearly all our native and
uncultivated grapes. Hawthorne.
-- Un*gen"tle*ness, n.
 -- Un*gen"tly, adv.

UNGET
Un*get", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + get.]

Defn: To cause to be unbegotten or unborn, or as if unbegotten or
unborn. [R.]
I 'll disown you, I 'll disinherit you, I 'll unget you. Sheridan.

UNGIFTED
Un*gift"ed, a.

Defn: Being without gifts, especially native gifts or endowments.
Cowper.

UNGIRD
Un*gird", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + gird.]

Defn: To loose the girdle or band of; to unbind; to unload.
He ungirded his camels. Gen. xxiv. 32.

UNGIVE
Un*give", v. t. & i. Etym: [1st pref. un- (intensive) + give.]

Defn: To yield; to relax; to give way. [Obs.]

UNGKA
Ung"ka, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The siamang; -- called also ungka ape.

UNGKA-PUTI
Ung"ka-pu`ti, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The agile gibbon; -- called also ungka-pati, and ungka-etam.
See Gibbon.

UNGLAZE
Un*glaze", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + glaze.]

Defn: To strip of glass; to remove the glazing, or glass, from, as a
window.

UNGLORIFY
Un*glo"ri*fy, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + glorify.]

Defn: To deprive of glory. [R.] I. Watts.

UNGLORIOUS
Un*glo"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Inglorious. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNGLOVE
Un*glove", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + glove.]

Defn: To take off the glove or gloves of; as, to unglove the hand.
Beau. & Fl.

UNGLUE
Un*glue", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + glue.]

Defn: To separate, part, or open, as anything fastened with glue.
She stretches, gapes, unglues her eyes, And asks if it be time to
rise. Swift.

UNGOD
Un*god", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + god.]

1. To deprive of divinity; to undeify. [R.] Donne.

2. To cause to recognize no god; to deprive of a god; to make
atheistical. [R.] Dryden.

UNGODLY
Un*god"ly, a.

1. Not godly; not having regard for God; disobedient to God; wicked;
impious; sinful.

2. Polluted by sin or wickedness.
The hours of this ungodly day. Shak.
-- Un*god"li*ly, adv.
 -- Un*god"li*ness, n.

UNGORED
Un*gored", a. Etym: [Pref. un- + gore blood.]

Defn: Not stained with gore; not bloodied. Sylvester.

UNGORED
Un*gored", a. Etym: [Pref. un- + gored, p. p. of 3d gore.]

Defn: Not gored or pierced.

UNGOT; UNGOTTEN
Un*got", Un*got"ten, a.

1. Not gotten; not acquired.

2. Not begotten. [Obs. or Poetic] "His loins yet full of ungot
princes." Waller.

UNGOVERNABLE
Un*gov"ern*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not governable; not capable of being governed, ruled, or
restrained; licentious; wild; unbridled; as, ungovernable passions.
 -- Un*gov"ern*a*bly, adv. Goldsmith.

UNGOWN
Un*gown", v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + gown.]

Defn: To strip of a gown; to unfrock.

UNGOWNED
Un*gowned", a.

1. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + gown.]

Defn: Stripped of a gown; unfrocked.

2. Etym: [Pref. un- not + gowned.]

Defn: Not having, or not wearing, a gown.

UNGRACEFUL
Un*grace"ful, a.

Defn: Not graceful; not marked with ease and dignity; deficient in
beauty and elegance; inelegant; awkward; as, ungraceful manners;
ungraceful speech.
The other oak remaining a blackened and ungraceful trunk. Sir W.
Scott.
-- Un*grace"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Un*grace"ful*ness, n.

UNGRACIOUS
Un*gra"cious, a.

1. Not gracious; showing no grace or kindness; being without good
will; unfeeling. Shak.

2. Having no grace; graceless; wicked. [Obs.] Shak.

3. Not well received; offensive; unpleasing; unacceptable; not
favored.
Anything of grace toward the Irish rebels was as ungracious at Oxford
as at London. Clarendon.
-- Un*gra"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Un*gra"cious*ness, n.

UNGRATE
Un*grate", a.

Defn: Displeasing; ungrateful; ingrate. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

UNGRATEFUL
Un*grate"ful, a.

1. Not grateful; not thankful for favors; making no returns, or
making ill return for kindness, attention, etc.; ingrateful. South.

2. Unpleasing; unacceptable; disagreeable; as, harsh sounds are
ungrateful to the ear.
 -- Un*grate"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Un*grate"ful*ness, n.

UNGRAVE
Un*grave", v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + grave.]

Defn: To raise or remove from the grave; to disinter; to untomb; to
exhume. [Obs.] Fuller.

UNGUAL
Un"gual, a. Etym: [L. unguis a nail, claw, hoof.]

1. Of or pertaining to a nail, claw, talon, or hoof, or resembling
one.

2. Having a nail, claw, or hoof attached; -- said of certain bones of
the feet.

UNGUARD
Un*guard", v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + guard.]

Defn: To deprive of a guard; to leave unprotected. [R.] Sterne.

UNGUEAL
Un"gue*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. onguéal. See Ungual.]

Defn: Ungual.

UNGUENT
Un"guent, n. Etym: [L. unguentum, from unguere, ungere, to anoint:
cf. F. onguent. See Ointment, and cf. Unction, Unctuous.]

Defn: A lubricant or salve for sores, burns, or the like; an
ointment. Cowper.

Note: An unguent is stiffer than a liniment, but softer than a
cerate.

UNGUENTARY
Un"guen*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. unguentarius.]

Defn: Like an unguent, or partaking of its qualities.

UNGUENTOUS
Un*guen"tous, a.

Defn: Unguentary.

UNGUESTLIKE
Un*guest"like, adv.

Defn: In a manner not becoming to a guest. [R.] Milton.

UNGUICAL
Un"guic*al, a. Etym: [L. unguis a nail or claw. Cf. Ungual.]

Defn: Ungual.

UNGUICULAR
Un*guic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. unguiculus, dim. of unguis a nail.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a claw or a nail; ungual.

UNGUICULATA
Un*guic`u*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. unguiculus a finger nail.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division of Mammalia including those having claws
or nails, as distinguished from the hoofed animals (Ungulata).

UNGUICULATE
Un*guic"u*late, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Unguiculata.

UNGUICULATE; UNGUICULATED
Un*guic"u*late, Un*guic"u*la`ted, a.

1. Furnished with nails, claws, or hooks; clawed. See the Note under
Nail, n., 1.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with a claw, or a narrow stalklike base, as the
petals of a carnation.

UNGUIFEROUS
Un*guif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. unguis nail or claw + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing, having, or supporting nails or claws.

UNGUIFORM
Un"gui*form, a. Etym: [L. unguis a nail or claw + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of a claw or claws.

UNGUINOUS
Un"gui*nous, a. Etym: [L. unguinosus, fr. unguen, -inis, fat,
ointment.]

Defn: Consisting of, or resembling, fat or oil; oily; unctuous;
oleaginous.

UNGUIS
Un"guis, n.; pl. Ungues. Etym: [L., nail, claw, or hoof.]

1. The nail, claw, talon, or hoof of a finger, toe, or other
appendage.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the terminal hooks on the foot of an insect.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The slender base of a petal in some flowers; a claw; called
also ungula.

UNGULA
Un"gu*la, n.; pl. Ungulæ. Etym: [L., a claw, hoof, from unguis a
nail, claw, hoof.]

1. A hoof, claw, or talon.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A section or part of a cylinder, cone, or other solid of
revolution, cut off by a plane oblique to the base; -- so called from
its resemblance to the hoof of a horse.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Unguis, 3. Spherical ungula (Geom.), a part of a sphere
bounded by two planes intersecting in a diameter and by a line of the
surface of the sphere.

UNGULAR
Un"gu*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a hoof, claw, or talon; ungual.

UNGULATA
Un`gu*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. ungula hoof.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive group of mammals including all those that have
hoofs. It comprises the Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla.

UNGULATE
Un"gu*late, a. Etym: [L. ungulatus. See Ungula.]

1. Shaped like a hoof.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Furnished with hoofs. See the Note under Nail, n., 1.

UNGULATE
Un"gu*late, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any hoofed quadruped; one of the Ungulata.

UNGULED
Un"guled, a. Etym: [L. ungula a claw.] (Her.)

Defn: Hoofed, or bearing hoofs; -- used only when these are of a
tincture different from the body.

UNGULIGRADE
Un"gu*li*grade, a. Etym: [L. ungula hoof + gradi to walk.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having, or walking on, hoofs.

UNGULOUS
Un"gu*lous, a. Etym: [See Ungula.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Ungulate.

UNHAIR
Un*hair", v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + hair.]

Defn: To deprive of hair, or of hairs; as, to unhair hides for
leather.
I 'll unhair thy head. Shak.

UNHALLOW
Un*hal"low, v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + hallow.]

Defn: To profane; to desecrate.
The vanity unhallows the virtue. L'Estrange.

UNHALLOWED
Un*hal"lowed, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + hallowed.]

Defn: Not consecrated; hence, profane; unholy; impious; wicked.
In the cause of truth, no unhallowed violence . . . is either
necessary or admissible. E. D. Griffin.

UNHAND
Un*hand", v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + hand.]

Defn: To loose from the hand; to let go.
Hold off! unhand me, gray beard loon! Eftsoons his hand dropped he.
Coleridge.

UNHANDSOME
Un*hand"some, a.

1. Not handsome; not beautiful; ungraceful; not comely or pleasing;
plain; homely.
Were she other than she is, she were unhandsome. Shak.
I can not admit that there is anything unhandsome or irregular . . .
in the globe. Woodward.

2. Wanting noble or amiable qualities; dishonorable; illiberal; low;
disingenuous; mean; indecorous; as, unhandsome conduct, treatment, or
imputations. "Unhandsome pleasures." J. Fletcher.

3. Unhandy; clumsy; awkward; inconvenient. [Obs.]
The ships were unwieldy and unhandsome. Holland.
A narrow, straight path by the water's side, very unhandsome for an
army to pass that way, though they found not a man to keep the
passage. Sir T. North.
-- Un*hand"some*ly, adv.
 -- Un*hand"some*ness, n.

UNHANDY
Un*hand"y, a.

Defn: Clumsy; awkward; as, an Unhandy man.

UNHANG
Un*hang", v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + hang.]

1. To divest or strip of hangings; to remove the hangings, as a room.

2. To remove (something hanging or swinging) from that which supports
it; as, to unhang a gate.

UNHAP
Un*hap", n.

Defn: Ill luck; misfortune. [Obs.] "The cause of her unhap." Sir P.
Sidney.

UNHAPPIED
Un*hap"pied, a.

Defn: Made unhappy. [Obs.] Shak.

UNHAPPY
Un*hap"py, a.

1. Not happy or fortunate; unfortunate; unlucky; as, affairs have
taken an unhappy turn.

2. In a degree miserable or wretched; not happy; sad; sorrowful; as,
children render their parents unhappy by misconduct.

3. Marked by infelicity; evil; calamitous; as, an unhappy day. "The
unhappy morn." Milton.

4. Mischievous; wanton; wicked. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- Un*hap"pi*ly, adv.
 -- Un*hap"pi*ness, n.

UNHARBOR
Un*har"bor, v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + harbor.]

Defn: To drive from harbor or shelter.

UNHARBORED
Un*har"bored, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + harbored.]

1. Having no harbor or shelter; unprotected.

2. Affording no harbor or shelter. "Unharbored heaths." [Obs.]
Milton.

UNHARMONIOUS
Un`har*mo"ni*ous, a.

Defn: Inharmonious; unsymmetrical; also, unmusical; discordant.
Swift.
 -- Un`har*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv.

UNHARNESS
Un*har"ness, v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + harness.]

1. To strip of harness; to loose from harness or gear; as, to
unharness horses or oxen. Cowper.

2. To disarm; to divest of armor. Holinshed.

UNHASP
Un*hasp", v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + hasp.]

Defn: To unloose the hasp of; to unclose.

UNHAT
Un*hat", v. t. & i. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + hat.]

Defn: To take off the hat of; to remove one's hat, especially as a
mark of respect. H. Spenser.

UNHEAD
Un*head", v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + head.]

1. To take out the head of; as, to unhead a cask.

2. To decapitate; to behead. [Obs.] T. Brown.

UNHEAL
Un*heal", n. Etym: [Pref. un- not + heal health.]

Defn: Misfortune; calamity; sickness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

UNHEAL
Un*heal", v. t.

Defn: To uncover. See Unhele. [Obs.]

UNHEALTH
Un"health, n.

Defn: Unsoundness; disease.

UNHEARD
Un*heard", a.

1. Not heard; not perceived by the ear; as, words unheard by those
present.

2. Not granted an audience or a hearing; not allowed to speak; not
having made a defense, or stated one's side of a question;
disregarded; unheeded; as, to condemunheard.
What pangs I feel, unpitied and unheard! Dryden.

3. Not known to fame; not illustrious or celebrated; obscure.
Nor was his name unheard or unadored. Milton.
Unheard of. (a) Not heard of; of which there are no tidings. (b)
Unknown to fame; obscure. Glanvill.

UNHEARD-OF
Un*heard"-of, a.

Defn: New; unprecedented; unparalleled. Swift.

UNHEART
Un*heart", v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + heart.]

Defn: To cause to lose heart; to dishearten. [Obs.] Shak.

UNHEEDY
Un*heed"y, a.

Defn: Incautious; precipitate; heedless. [Obs.] Milton.

UNHEIRED
Un*heired", a.

Defn: Destitute of an heir.
To leave him utterly unheired. Chapman.

UNHELE
Un*hele", n.

Defn: Same as Unheal, n. [Obs.]

UNHELE
Un*hele", v. t. Etym: [AS. unhelian. See 1st Un-, and Hele to cover.]

Defn: To uncover. [Obs.] Spenser. Marston.

UNHELM
Un*helm", v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + helm.]

Defn: To deprive of the helm or helmet. Sir W. Scott.

UNHELMED
Un*helmed", a.

1. Etym: [Properly p. p. of unhelm.]

Defn: Divested or deprived of the helm or helmet.

2. Etym: [Pref. un- not + helm.]

Defn: Not wearing a helmet; without a helmet. Sir W. Scott.

UNHELMET
Un*hel"met, v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + helmet.]

Defn: To deprive of the helmet. Sir W. Scott.

UNHIDE
Un*hide", v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + hide.]

Defn: To bring out from concealment; to discover. [Obs.] P. Fletcher.

UNHINGE
Un*hinge", v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + hinge.]

1. To take from the hinges; as, to unhinge a door.

2. To displace; to unfix by violence. Blackmore.

3. To render unstable or wavering; to unsettle; as, to unhinge one's
mind or opinions; to unhinge the nerves.
Why should I then unhinge my brains, ruin my mind South.
His sufferings, nay the revolutions of his fate, had not in the least
unhinged his mind. Walpole.

UNHINGEMENT
Un*hinge"ment, n.

Defn: The act unhinging, or the state of being unhinged.

UNHITCH
Un*hitch", v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + hitch.]

Defn: To free from being hitched, or as if from being hitched; to
unfasten; to loose; as, to unhitch a horse, or a trace.

UNHIVE
Un*hive", v. t. v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + hive.]

1. To drive or remove from a hive.

2. To deprive of habitation or shelter, as a crowd.

UNHOARD
Un*hoard", v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + hoard.]

Defn: To take or steal from a hoard; to pilfer. Milton.

UNHOLD
Un*hold", v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + hold.]

Defn: To cease to hold; to unhand; to release. [Obs.] Otway.

UNHOLY
Un*ho"ly, a.

Defn: Not holy; unhallowed; not consecrated; hence, profane; wicked;
impious.
 -- Un*ho"li*ly, adv.
 -- Un*ho"li*ness, n.

UNHONEST
Un*hon"est, a.

Defn: Dishonest; dishonorable. Ascham.
 -- Un*hon"est*ly, adv. Udall.

UNHOOD
Un*hood", v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + hood.]

Defn: To remove a hood or disguise from. Quarterly Rev.

UNHOOK
Un*hook", v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + hook.]

Defn: To loose from a hook; to undo or open by loosening or
unfastening the hooks of; as, to unhook a fish; to unhook a dress.

UNHOOP
Un*hoop", v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + hoop.]

Defn: To strip or deprive of hoops; to take away the hoops of.

UNHOPED
Un*hoped", a.

Defn: Not hoped or expected. "With unhoped success." Dryden.
Blessings of friends, which to my door Unasked, unhoped, have come.
J. N. Newman.

UNHOPED-FOR
Un*hoped"-for, a.

Defn: Unhoped; unexpected.

UNHORSE
Un*horse", v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + horse.]

Defn: To throw from a horse; to cause to dismount; also, to take a
horse or horses from; as, to unhorse a rider; to unhorse a carriage.
Cowper.

UNHOSED
Un*hosed", a.

Defn: Without hose.

UNHOSPITABLE
Un*hos"pi*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Inhospitable.

UNHOUSE
Un*house", v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + house.]

Defn: To drive from a house or habitation; to dislodge; hence, to
deprive of shelter.

UNHOUSED
Un*housed", a.

1. Etym: [Properly p. p. of unhouse.]

Defn: Driven from a house; deprived of shelter.

2. Etym: [Pref. un- + housed.]

Defn: Not provided with a house or shelter; houseless; homeless.

UNHOUSELED
Un*hou"seled, a.

Defn: Not having received the sacrament. [Obs.] [Written also
unhouselled.]
To die like the houseless dog on yonder common, unshriven and
unhouseled. Sir W. Scott.

UNHUMAN
Un*hu"man, a.

Defn: Not human; inhuman.

UNHUMANIZE
Un*hu"man*ize, v. t. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + humanize.]

Defn: To render inhuman or barbarous. J. Barlow.

UNHUSKED
Un*husked", a.

1. Etym: [Pref. un- not + husked.]

Defn: Not husked; having the husk on.

2. Etym: [1 st pref. un- + husk, n.]

Defn: Having the husk removed; without husk. Bp. Hall.

UNI-
U"ni-. Etym: [L. unus one. See One.]

Defn: A prefix signifying one, once; as in uniaxial, unicellular.

UNIAT; UNIATE
U"ni*at, U"ni*ate, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: A member of the Greek Church, who nevertheless acknowledges the
supremacy of the Pope of Rome; one of the United Greeks. Also used
adjectively.

UNIAXAL
U`ni*ax"al, a. Etym: [Uni + axal.]

Defn: Uniaxial.
 -- U`ni*ax"al*ly, adv.

UNIAXIAL
U`ni*ax"i*al, a. Etym: [Uni + axial.]

1. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Having but one optic axis, or line of no double refraction.

Note: In uniaxial crystals, the optic axis has the direction of the
vertical crystallographic axis. All tetragonal and hexagonal crystals
are uniaxial.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Having only one axis; developing along a single line or plane;
-- opposed to multiaxial.

UNIAXIALLY
U`ni*ax"i*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a uniaxial manner.

UNIBRANCHIATE
U`ni*bran"chi*ate, a. Etym: [Uni- + branchiate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having but one gill, as certain molluscs.

UNICAMERAL
U`ni*cam"e*ral, a. Etym: [Uni- + L. camera vault.]

Defn: Having, or consisting of, a single chamber; -- said of a
legislative assembly. [R.] F. Lieber.

UNICAPSULAR
U`ni*cap"su*lar. Etym: [Uni- + capsular: cf. F. unicapsulaire.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having but one capsule to each flower.

UNICARINATED
U`ni*car"i*na`ted, a. Etym: [Uni- + carinated.]

Defn: Having one ridge or keel. Craig.

UNICELLED
U"ni*celled`, a. Etym: [Uni- + cell.] (Biol.)

Defn: Unicellular.

UNICELLULAR
U`ni*cel"lu*lar, a. Etym: [Uni- + cellular.]

Defn: Having, or consisting of, but a single cell; as, a unicellular
organism.

UNICENTRAL
U`ni*cen"tral, a. Etym: [Uni- + central.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having a single center of growth. Unicentral development, that
form of development which takes place primarily around a single
central point, as in the lowest of unicellular organisms.

UNICITY
U*nic"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. unicus single. See Unique.]

Defn: The condition of being united; quality of the unique;
unification.
Not unity, but what the schoolmen call unicity. De Quincey.
The unicity we strive not to express, for that is impossible, but to
designate by the nearest analogy. Coleridge.

UNICLINAL
U`ni*cli"nal, a. Etym: [Uni- + Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: See Nonoclinal.

UNICOLOROUS
U`ni*col"or*ous, a. Etym: [Uni- + color.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the surface of a uniform color.

UNICORN
U"ni*corn, n. Etym: [OE. unicorne, F. unicorne, L. unicornis one-
horned, having a single horn; unus one + cornu a horn; cf. L.
unicornuus a unicorn. See One, and Horn.]

1. A fabulous animal with one horn; the monoceros; -- often
represented in heraldry as a supporter.

2. A two-horned animal of some unknown kind, so called in the
Authorized Version of the Scriptures.
Canst thou bind the unicorn with his band in the furrow Job xxxix.
10.

Note: The unicorn mentioned in the Scripture was probably the urus.
See the Note under Reem.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any large beetle having a hornlike prominence on the head or
prothorax.
(b) The larva of a unicorn moth.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The kamichi; -- called also unicorn bird.

5. (Mil.)

Defn: A howitzer. [Obs.] Fossil unicorn, or Fossil unicorn's horn
(Med.), a substance formerly of great repute in medicine; -- named
from having been supposed to be the bone or the horn of the unicorn.
 -- Unicorn fish, Unicorn whale (Zoöl.), the narwhal.
 -- Unicorn moth (Zoöl.), a notodontian moth (Coelodasys unicornis)
whose caterpillar has a prominent horn on its back; -- called also
unicorn prominent.
 -- Unicorn root (Bot.), a name of two North American plants, the
yellow-flowered colicroot (Aletris farinosa) and the blazing star
(Chamælirium luteum). Both are used in medicine.
 -- Unicorn shell (Zoöl.), any one of several species of marine
gastropods having a prominent spine on the lip of the shell. Most of
them belong to the genera Monoceros and Leucozonia.

UNICORNOUS
U`ni*cor"nous, a. Etym: [See Unicorn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having but a single horn; -- said of certain insects.
"Unicornous beetles." Sir T. Browne.

UNICOSTATE
U`ni*cos"tate, a. Etym: [Uni- + costate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having a single rib or strong nerve running upward from the
base; -- said of a leaf.

UNICURSAL
U`ni*cur"sal, a. Etym: [Uni- + L. currere, cursum, to run.] (Geom.)

Defn: That can be passed over in a single course; -- said of a curve
when the coördinates of the point on the curve can be expressed as
rational algebraic functions of a single parameter th.

Note: As th varies minus infinity to plus infinity, to each value of
th there corresponds one, and only one, point of the curve, while to
each point on the curve there corresponds one, and only one, value of
th. Straight lines, conic sections, curves of the third order with a
nodal point, curves of the fourth order with three double points,
etc., are unicursal.

UNIDEAED
Un`i*de"aed, a.

Defn: Having no ideas; senseless; frivolous. "Unideaed girls." Mrs.
Hemans.
He [Bacon] received the unideaed page [Villiers] into his intimacy.
Lord Campbell.

UNIDEAL
Un`i*de"al, a.

1. Not ideal; real; unimaginative.

2. Unideaed. [R.] Johnson.

UNIDIMENSIONAL
Un`i*di*men"sion*al, a. Etym: [Uni- + dimensional.] (Math.)

Defn: Having but one dimension. See Dimension.

UNIFACIAL
U`ni*fa"cial, a. Etym: [Uni- + facial.]

Defn: Having but one front surface; as, some foliaceous corals are
unifacial, the polyp mouths being confined to one surface.

UNIFIC
U*nif"ic, a.

Defn: Making one or unity; unifying.

UNIFICATION
U`ni*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [See Unify.]

Defn: The act of unifying, or the state of being unified.
Unification with God was the final aim of the Neoplatonicians.
Fleming.

UNIFIER
U"ni*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, unifies; as, a natural law is a unifier
of phenomena.

UNIFILAR
U`ni*fi"lar, a. Etym: [Uni- + L. filum a thread.]

Defn: Having only one thread; involving the use of only one thread,
wire, fiber, or the like; as, unifilar suspension. Unifilar
magnetometer (Physics), an instrument which consists of a magnetic
bar suspended at its center of gravity by a long thread, constituting
a delicate means for accurately measuring magnetic intensities, also
for determining declinations of the magnetic needle.

UNIFLAGELLATE
U`ni*fla*gel"late, a. Etym: [Uni- + flagellate.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having but one flagellum; as, uniflagellate organisms.

UNIFLOROUS
U`ni*flo"rous, a. Etym: [Uni- + L. flos, floris, a flower: cf. F.
uniflore.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing one flower only; as, a uniflorous peduncle.

UNIFOLLIATE
U`ni*fol"li*ate, a. Etym: [Uni- + foliate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having only one leaf.

UNIFOLLILATE
U`ni*fol"li*late, a. Etym: [Uni- + foliolate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having only one leaflet, as the leaves of the orange tree.

UNIFORM
U"ni*form, a. Etym: [L. uniformis; unus one + forma from: cf. F.
uniforme.]

1. Having always the same form, manner, or degree; not varying or
variable; unchanging; consistent; equable; homogenous; as, the dress
of the Asiatics has been uniform from early ages; the temperature is
uniform; a stratum of uniform clay. Whewell.

2. Of the same form with others; agreeing with each other; conforming
to one rule or mode; consonant.
The only doubt is . . . how far churches are bound to be uniform in
their ceremonies. Hooker.
Uniform matter, that which is all of the same kind and texture;
homogenous matter.
 -- Uniform motion, the motion of a body when it passes over equal
spaces in equal times; equable motion. Hutton.

UNIFORM
U"ni*form, n. Etym: [F. uniforme. See Uniform, a.]

Defn: A dress of a particular style or fashion worn by persons in the
same service or order by means of which they have a distinctive
appearance; as, the uniform of the artillery, of the police, of the
Freemasons, etc.
There are many things which, a soldier will do in his plain clothes
which he scorns to do in his uniform. F. W. Robertson.
In full uniform (Mil.), wearing the whole of the prescribed uniform,
with ornaments, badges of rank, sash, side arms, etc.
 -- Uniform sword, an officer's sword of the regulation pattern
prescribed for the army or navy.

UNIFORM
U"ni*form, v. t.

1. To clothe with a uniform; as, to uniform a company of soldiers.

2. To make conformable. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

UNIFORMAL
U`ni*form"al, a.

Defn: Uniform. [Obs.] Herrick.

UNIFORMISM
U"ni*form`ism, n. Etym: [From Uniform.] (Geol.)

Defn: The doctrine of uniformity in the geological history of the
earth; -- in part equivalent to uniformitarianism, but also used,
more broadly, as opposed to catastrophism.

UNIFORMITARIAN
U`ni*form`i*ta"ri*an, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, the view or doctrine that
existing causes, acting in the same manner and with essentially the
same intensity as at the present time, are sufficient to account for
all geological changes.

UNIFORMITARIAN
U`ni*form`i*ta"ri*an, n. (Geol.)

Defn: One who accepts uniformitarianism, or the uniformitarian
doctrine.

UNIFORMITARIANISM
U`ni*form`i*ta"ri*an*ism, n. (Geol.)

Defn: The uniformitarian doctrine.

UNIFORMITY
U`ni*form"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. uniformitas: cf. F. uniformité.]

1. The quality or state of being uniform; freedom from variation or
difference; resemblance to itself at all times; sameness of action,
effect, etc., under like conditions; even tenor; as, the uniformity
of design in a poem; the uniformity of nature.

2. Consistency; sameness; as, the uniformity of a man's opinions.

3. Similitude between the parts of a whole; as, the uniformity of
sides in a regular figure; beauty is said to consist in uniformity
with variety.

4. Continued or unvaried sameness or likeness.

5. Conformity to a pattern or rule; resemblance, consonance, or
agreement; as, the uniformity of different churches in ceremonies or
rites. Act of Uniformity (Eng. Hist.), an act of Parliament, passed
in 1661, prescribing the form of public prayers, administration of
sacraments, and other rites of the Established Church of England. Its
provisions were modified by the "Act of Uniformity Amendment Act," of
1872.

UNIFORMLY
U"ni*form`ly, adv.

Defn: In a uniform manner; without variation or diversity; by a
regular, constant, or common ratio of change; with even tenor; as, a
temper uniformly mild. To vary uniformly (Math.), to vary with the
ratio of the corresponding increments constant; -- said of two
dependent quantities with regard to each other.

UNIFROMNESS
U"ni*from`ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being uniform; uniformity.

UNIFY
U"ni*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unified; p. pr. & vb. n. Unifying.]
Etym: [Uni- + -fy: cf. F. unifier.]

Defn: To cause to be one; to make into a unit; to unite; to view as
one.
A comprehensive or unifying act of the judging faculty. De Quincey.
Perception is thus a unifying act. Sir W. Hamilton.

UNIGENITURE
U`ni*gen"i*ture, n. Etym: [L. unigenitus only-begotten; unus one +
gignere, genitum, to beget.]

Defn: The state of being the only begotten. [R.] Bp. Pearson.

UNIGENOUS
U*nig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. unigena; unus one + genere, gignere, to
beget.] (Biol.)

Defn: Being of one kind; being of the same genus.

UNIJUGATE
U*nij"u*gate, a. Etym: [Uni- + L. jugum yoke, pair: cf. L. unijugus
having one yoke.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having but one pair of leaflets; -- said of a pinnate leaf.

UNILABIATE
U`ni*la"bi*ate, a. Etym: [Uni- + labiate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having one lip only; as, a unilabiate corolla.

UNILATERAL
U`ni*lat"er*al, a. Etym: [Uni- + lateral: cf. F. unilatéral.]

1. Being on one side only; affecting but one side; one-sided.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to one side; one-sided; as, a unilateral raceme, in
which the flowers grow only on one side of a common axis, or are all
turned to one side. Unilateral contract (Law), a contract or
engagement requiring future action only by one party.

UNILITERAL
U`ni*lit"er*al, a. Etym: [Uni- + literal.]

Defn: Consisting of one letter only; as, a uniliteral word or sign.

UNILOBAR
U`ni*lo"bar, a. Etym: [Uni- + lobar.]

Defn: Consisting of a single lobe.

UNILOCULAR
U`ni*loc"u*lar, a. Etym: [Uni- + locular: cf. F. uniloculaire.]
(Biol.)

Defn: Having one cell or cavity only; as, a unilocular capsule or
shell.

UNIMITABLE
Un*im"i*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Inimitable. [Obs.]

UNIMPAIRABLE
Un`im*pair"a*ble, a.

Defn: That can not be impaired. Hakewill.

UNIMPEACHABLE
Un`im*peach"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not impeachable; not to be called in question; exempt from
liability to accusation; free from stain, guilt, or fault;
irreproachable; blameless; as, an unimpeachable reputation;
unimpeachable testimony. Burke.
 -- Un`im*peach"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Un`im*peach"a*bly, adv.

UNIMPLICATE
Un*im"pli*cate, a.

Defn: Not implicated. "Unimplicate in folly." R. Browning.

UNIMPORTANCE
Un`im*por"tance, n.

Defn: Want of importance; triviality. Johnson.

UNIMPROVED
Un`im*proved", a.

1. Not improved; not made better or wiser; not advanced in knowledge,
manners, or excellence.

2. Not used; not employed; especially, not used or employed for a
valuable purpose; as, unimproved opportunities; unimproved blessings.
Cowper.

3. Not tilled, cultivated, or built upon; yielding no revenue; as,
unimproved land or soil.

UNIMUSCULAR
U`ni*mus"cu*lar, a. Etym: [Uni- muscular.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having only one adductor muscle, and one muscular impression on
each valve, as the oyster; monomyarian.

UNINCUMBERED
Un`in*cum"bered, a.

1. Not incumbered; not burdened.

2. (Law)

Defn: Free from any temporary estate or interest, or from mortgage,
or other charge or debt; as, an estate unincumbered with dower.

UNINFRINGIBLE
Un`in*frin"gi*ble, a.

Defn: That may not be infringed; as, an uninfringible monopoly.

UNINTELLIGENCE
Un`in*tel"li*gence, n.

Defn: Absence or lack of intelligence; unwisdom; ignorance. Bp. Hall.

UNINTERESSED
Un*in"ter*essed, a.

Defn: Uninterested; unaffected. [Obs.] Glanvill.

UNINTERESTED
Un*in"ter*est*ed, a.

1. Not interested; not having any interest or property in; having
nothing at stake; as, to be uninterested in any business.

2. Not having the mind or the passions engaged; as, uninterested in a
discourse or narration.

UNINTERMISSION
Un*in`ter*mis"sion, n.

Defn: Want or failure of intermission. [R.] Bp. Parker.

UNINUCLEATED
U`ni*nu"cle*a`ted, a. Etym: [Uni- + nucleated.] (Biol.)

Defn: Possessed of but a single nucleus; as, a uninucleated cell.

UNIO
U"ni*o, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. unio unity, union, a single large
pearl. See Union.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of fresh-water mussels belonging to
Unio and many allied genera.

UNIOCULAR
U`ni*oc"u*lar, a. Etym: [Uni- + ocular.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or seated in, one eye; monocular.

UNION
Un"ion, n. Etym: [F., from L. unio oneness, union, a single large
pearl, a kind of onion, fr. unus one. See One, and cf. Onion, Unit.]

1. The act of uniting or joining two or more things into one, or the
state of being united or joined; junction; coalition; combination.

Note: Union differs from connection, as it implies that the bodies
are in contact, without an interconnected by the in

2. Agreement and conjunction of mind, spirit, will, affections, or
the like; harmony; concord.

3. That which is united, or made one; something formed by a
combination or coalition of parts or members; a confederation; a
consolidated body; a league; as, the weavers have formed a union;
trades unions have become very numerous; the United States of America
are often called the Union. A. Hamilton.

4. A textile fabric composed of two or more materials, as cotton,
silk, wool, etc., woven together.

5. A large, fine pearl. [Obs.]
If they [pearls] be white, great, round, smooth, and weighty . . .
our dainties and delicates here at Rome . . . call them unions, as a
man would say "singular," and by themselves alone. Holland.
In the cup an union shall he throw, Richer than that which four
successive kings In Denmark's crown have worn. Shak.

6. A device emblematic of union, used on a national flag or ensign,
sometimes, as in the military standard of Great Britain, covering the
whole field; sometimes, as in the flag of the United States, and the
English naval and marine flag, occupying the upper inner corner, the
rest of the flag being called the fly. Also, a flag having such a
device; especially, the flag of Great Britain.

Note: The union of the United States ensign is a cluster of white
stars, denoting the union of the States, and, properly, equal in
number to that of the States, displayed on a blue field; the fly
being composed of alternate stripes of red and white. The union of
the British ensign is the three crosses of St. George, St. Andrew,
and St. Patrick in combination, denoting the union of England,
Scotland and Ireland, displayed on a blue field in the national
banner used on shore, on a red, white, or blue field in naval
ensigns, and with a white border or fly in the merchant service.

7. (Mach.)

Defn: A joint or other connection uniting parts of machinery, or the
like, as the elastic pipe of a tender connecting it with the feed
pipe of a locomotive engine; especially, a pipe fitting for
connecting pipes, or pipes and fittings, in such a way as to
facilitate disconnection.

8. (Brewing)

Defn: A cask suspended on trunnions, in which fermentation is carried
on. Hypostatic union (Theol.) See under Hypostatic.
 -- Latin union. See under Latin.
 -- Legislative Union (Eng. Hist.), the union of Great Britain and
Ireland, which took place Jan. 1, 1801.
 -- Union, or Act of Union (Eng. Hist.), the act by which Scotland
was united to England, or by which the two kingdoms were incorporated
into one, in 1707.
 -- Union by the first, or second, intention. (Surg.) See To heal by
the first, or second, intention, under Intention.
 -- Union down (Naut.), a signal of distress at sea made by reversing
the flag, or turning its union downward.
 -- Union jack. (Naut.) See Jack, n., 10.
 -- Union joint. (Mech.) (a) A joint formed by means of a union. (b)
A piece of pipe made in the form of the letter T.

Syn.
 -- Unity; junction; connection; concord; alliance; coalition;
combination; confederacy.
 -- Union, Unity. Union is the act of bringing two or more things
together so as to make but one, or the state of being united into
one. Unity is a state of simple oneness, either of essence, as the
unity of God, or of action, feeling, etc., as unity of design, of
affection, etc. Thus, we may speak of effecting a union of interests
which shall result in a unity of labor and interest in securing a
given object.
One kingdom, joy, and union without end. Milton.
[Man] is to . . . beget Like of his like, his image multiplied. In
unity defective; which requires Collateral love, and dearest amity.
Milton.

UNIONISM
Un"ion*ism, n.

1. The sentiment of attachment to a federal union, especially to the
federal union of the United States.

2. The principles, or the system, of combination among workmen
engaged in the same occupation or trade.

UNIONIST
Un"ion*ist, n.

1. One who advocates or promotes union; especially a loyal supporter
of a federal union, as that of the United States.

2. A member or supporter of a trades union.

UNIONISTIC
Un`ion*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to union or unionists; tending to promote or
preserve union.

UNIOVULATE
U`ni*o"vu*late, a. Etym: [Uni- + ovulate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Containing but one ovule.

UNIPARA
U*nip"a*ra, n. Etym: [NL. See Uniparous.]

Defn: A woman who has borne one child.

UNIPAROUS
U*nip"a*rous, a. Etym: [Uni- + L. parere to bring forth.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing but one egg or young at a time.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Producing but one axis of inflorescence; -- said of the
scorpioid cyme.

UNIPED
U"ni*ped, a. Etym: [Uni- + L. pes, pedis, foot.]

Defn: Having only one foot. Wright.

UNIPERSONAL
U"ni*per"son*al, a. Etym: [Uni- + personal.]

1. Existing as one, and only one, person; as, a unipersonal God.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Used in only one person, especially only in the third person,
as some verbs; impersonal.

UNIPERSONALIST
U`ni*per"so*nal*ist, n. (Theol.)

Defn: One who believes that the Deity is unipersonal.

UNIPHONOUS
U*niph"o*nous, a. Etym: [Uni- + Gr.

Defn: Having but one sound, as the drum. [R.]

UNIPLICATE
U*nip"li*cate, a. Etym: [Uni- + plicate.]

Defn: Having, or consisting of, but one fold.

UNIPOLAR
U`ni*po"lar, a. Etym: [Uni- + polar.]

1. (Physics)

Defn: Having, or acting by means of, one pole only.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Having but one pole or process; -- applied to those ganglionic
nerve cells which have but one radiating process; -- opposed to
multipolar. Unipolar induction (Elec.), induction, as in a conducting
circuit, by only one pole of a magnet.
 -- Unipolar stimulation (Physiol.), the simulation sometimes
produced when one electrode of an induction apparatus is applied to a
nerve; -- called also unipolar induction action. Du Bois-Reymond.

UNIQUE
U*nique", a. Etym: [F. unique; cf. It. unico; from L. unicus, from
unus one. See One.]

Defn: Being without a like or equal; unmatched; unequaled;
unparalleled; single in kind or excellence; sole.
 -- U*nique"ly, adv.
 -- U*nique"ness, n.

UNIQUE
U*nique", n.

Defn: A thing without a like; something unequaled or unparalleled.
[R.]
The phenix, the unique pf birds. De Quincey.

UNIQUITY
U*niq"ui*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unique; uniqueness. [R.] Walpole.

UNIRADIATED
U`ni*ra"di*a`ted, a. Etym: [Uni- + radiated.]

Defn: Having but one ray.

UNIRAMOUS
U`ni*ra"mous, a. Etym: [Uni- + L. ramus branch.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having but one branch.

UNISEPTATE
U`ni*sep"tate, a. Etym: [Uni- + septate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having but one septum, or partition; -- said of two-celled
fruits, such as the silicles of cruciferous plants.

UNISERIAL
U`ni*se"ri*al, a. Etym: [Uni- + serial.]

Defn: Having only one row or series.

UNISERIATE
U`ni*se"ri*ate, a. Etym: [Uni- + seriate.]

Defn: Having one line or series; uniserial.
 -- U`ni*se"ri*ate*ly, adv.

UNISEXUAL
U`ni*sex"u*al, a. Etym: [Uni- + sexual: cf. F. unisexuel.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having one sex only, as plants which have the male and female
flowers on separate individuals, or animals in which the sexes are in
separate individuals; dioecious; -- distinguished from bisexual, or
hermaphrodite. See Dioecious.

UNISILICATE
U`ni*sil"i*cate, n. Etym: [Uni- + silicate.] (Min.)

Defn: A salt of orthosilicic acid, H4SiO4; -- so called because the
ratio of the oxygen atoms united to the basic metals and silicon
respectively is 1:1; for example, Mg2SiO4 or 2MgO.SiO2.

UNISON
U"ni*son, n. Etym: [LL. unisonus having the same sound; L. unus one +
sonus a sound: cf. F. unisson, It. unisono. See One, and Sound a
noise.]

1. Harmony; agreement; concord; union.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Identity in pitch; coincidence of sounds proceeding from an
equality in the number of vibrations made in a given time by two or
more sonorous bodies. Parts played or sung in octaves are also said
to be in unison, or in octaves.

Note: If two cords of the same substance have equal length,
thickness, and tension, they are said to be in unison, and their
sounds will be in unison. Sounds of very different qualities and
force may be in unison, as the sound of a bell may be in unison with
a sound of a flute. Unison, then, consists in identity of pitch
alone, irrespective of quality of sound, or timbre, whether of
instruments or of human voices. A piece or passage is said to be sung
or played in unison when all the voices or instruments perform the
same part, in which sense unison is contradistinguished from harmony.

3. A single, unvaried. [R.] Pope. In unison, in agreement; agreeing
in tone; in concord.

UNISON
U"ni*son, a. Etym: [Cf. It. unisono. See Unison, n.]

1. Sounding alone. [Obs.]
[sounds] intermixed with voice, Choral or unison. Milton.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Sounded alike in pitch; unisonant; unisonous; as, unison
passages, in which two or more parts unite in coincident sound.

UNISONAL
U*nis"o*nal, a.

Defn: Being in unison; unisonant.
 -- U*nis"o*nal*ly, adv.

UNISONANCE
U*nis"o*nance, n. Etym: [See Unisonant.]

Defn: Accordance of sounds; unison.

UNISONANT
U*nis"o*nant, a. Etym: [Uni- + sonant. See Unison.]

Defn: Being in unison; having the same degree of gravity or
acuteness; sounded alike in pitch.

UNISONOUS
U*nis"o*nous, a. Etym: [See Unison.]

Defn: Being in unison; unisonant. Busby.

UNIT
U"nit, n. Etym: [Abbrev. from unity.]

1. A single thing or person.

2. (Arith.)

Defn: The least whole number; one.
Units are the integral parts of any large number. I. Watts.

3. A gold coin of the reign of James I., of the value of twenty
shillings. Camden.

4. Any determinate amount or quantity (as of length, time, heat,
value) adopted as a standard of measurement for other amounts or
quantities of the same kind.

5. (Math.)

Defn: A single thing, as a magnitude or number, regarded as an
undivided whole. Abstract unit, the unit of numeration; one taken in
the abstract; the number represented by 1. The term is used in
distinction from concrete, or determinate, unit, that is, a unit in
which the kind of thing is expressed; a unit of measure or value; as
1 foot, 1 dollar, 1 pound, and the like.
 -- Complex unit (Theory of Numbers), an imaginary number of the form
a + b-1, when a2 + b2 = 1.
 -- Duodecimal unit, a unit in the scale of numbers increasing or
decreasing by twelves.
 -- Fractional unit, the unit of a fraction; the reciprocal of the
denominator; thus, unit of the fraction -- Integral unit, the unit of
integral numbers, or 1.
 -- Physical unit, a value or magnitude conventionally adopted as a
unit or standard in physical measurements. The various physical units
are usually based on given units of length, mass, and time, and on
the density or other properties of some substance, for example,
water. See Dyne, Erg, Farad, Ohm, Poundal, etc.
 -- Unit deme (Biol.), a unit of the inferior order or orders of
individuality.
 -- Unit jar (Elec.), a small, insulated Leyden jar, placed between
the electrical machine and a larger jar or battery, so as to
announce, by its repeated discharges, the amount of electricity
passed into the larger jar.
 -- Unit of heat (Physics), a determinate quantity of heat adopted as
a unit of measure; a thermal unit (see under Thermal). Water is the
substance generally employed, the unit being one gram or one pound,
and the temperature interval one degree of the Centigrade or
Fahrenheit scale. When referred to the gram, it is called the gram
degree. The British unit of heat, or thermal unit, used by engineers
in England and in the United States, is the quantity of heat
necessary to raise one pound of pure water at and near its
temperature of greatest density (39.1º Fahr.) through one degree of
the Fahrenheit scale. Rankine.
 -- Unit of illumination, the light of a sperm candle burning 120
grains per hour. Standard gas, burning at the rate of five cubic feet
per hour, must have an illuminating power equal to that of fourteen
such candles.
 -- Unit of measure (as of length, surface, volume, dry measure,
liquid measure, money, weight, time, and the like), in general, a
determinate quantity or magnitude of the kind designated, taken as a
standard of comparison for others of the same kind, in assigning to
them numerical values, as 1 foot, 1 yard, 1 mile, 1 square foot, 1
square yard, 1 cubic foot, 1 peck, 1 bushel, 1 gallon, 1 cent, 1
ounce, 1 pound, 1 hour, and the like; more specifically, the
fundamental unit adopted in any system of weights, measures, or
money, by which its several denominations are regulated, and which is
itself defined by comparison with some known magnitude, either
natural or empirical, as, in the United States, the dollar for money,
the pound avoirdupois for weight, the yard for length, the gallon of
8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of water at 39.8º Fahr. (about 231 cubic
inches) for liquid measure, etc.; in Great Britain, the pound
sterling, the pound troy, the yard, or -- Unit of power. (Mach.) See
Horse power.
 -- Unit of resistance. (Elec.) See Resistance, n., 4, and Ohm.
 -- Unit of work (Physics), the amount of work done by a unit force
acting through a unit distance, or the amount required to lift a unit
weight through a unit distance against gravitation. See Erg, Foot
Pound, Kilogrammeter.
 -- Unit stress (Mech. Physics), stress per unit of area; intensity
of stress. It is expressed in ounces, pounds, tons, etc., per square
inch, square foot, or square yard, etc., or in atmospheres, or inches
of mercury or water, or the like.

UNITABLE
U*nit"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of union by growth or otherwise. Owen.

UNITARIAN
U`ni*ta"ri*an, n. Etym: [Cf. F. unitaire, unitairien, NL. unitarius.
See Unity.]

1. (Theol.)

Defn: One who denies the doctrine of the Trinity, believing that God
exists only in one person; a unipersonalist; also, one of a
denomination of Christians holding this belief.

2. One who rejects the principle of dualism.

3. A monotheist. [R.] Fleming.

UNITARIAN
U`ni*ta"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Unitarians, or their doctrines.

UNITARIANISM
U`ni*ta"ri*an*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. unitairianisme.]

Defn: The doctrines of Unitarians.

UNITARIANIZE
U`ni*ta"ri*an*ize, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p Unitarianized; p. pr. &
vb. n. Unitarianizing.]

Defn: To change or turn to Unitarian views.

UNITARY
U"nit*a*ry, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a unit or units; relating to unity; as, the
unitary method in arithmetic.

2. Of the nature of a unit; not divided; united. Unitary theory
(Chem.), the modern theory that the molecules of all complete
compounds are units, whose parts are bound together in definite
structure, with mutual and reciprocal influence on each other, and
are not mere aggregations of more or less complex groups; --
distinguished from the dualistic theory.

UNITE
U*nite", v. t. [imp. & p. p. United; p. pr. & vb. n. Uniting.] Etym:
[L. unitus, p. p. of unire to unite, from unus one. See One.]

1. To put together so as to make one; to join, as two or more
constituents, to form a whole; to combine; to connect; to join; to
cause to adhere; as, to unite bricks by mortar; to unite iron bars by
welding; to unite two armies.

2. Hence, to join by a legal or moral bond, as families by marriage,
nations by treaty, men by opinions; to join in interest, affection,
fellowship, or the like; to cause to agree; to harmonize; to
associate; to attach.
Under his great vicegerent reign abide, United as one individual
soul. Milton.
The king proposed nothing more than to unite his kingdom in one form
of worship. Clarendon.

Syn.
 -- To add; join; annex; attach. See Add.

UNITE
U*nite", v. i.

1. To become one; to be cemented or consolidated; to combine, as by
adhesion or mixture; to coalesce; to grow together.

2. To join in an act; to concur; to act in concert; as, all parties
united in signing the petition.

UNITE
U*nite", a Etym: [L. unitus, p. p. See Unite, v. t.]

Defn: United; joint; as, unite consent. [Obs.] J. Webster.

UNITED
U*nit"ed, a.

Defn: Combined; joined; made one. United Brethren. (Eccl.) See
Moravian, n.
 -- United flowers (Bot.), flowers which have the stamens and pistils
in the same flower.
 -- The United Kingdom, Great Britain and Ireland; -- so named since
January 1, 1801, when the Legislative Union went into operation.
 -- United Greeks (Eccl.), those members of the Greek Church who
acknowledge the supremacy of the pope; -- called also uniats.

UNITEDLY
U*nit"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In an united manner. Dryden.

UNITER
U*nit"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, unites.

UNITERABLE
U*nit"er*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not iterable; incapable of being repeated. [Obs.] "To play away
an uniterable life." Sir T. Browne.

UNITION
U*ni"tion, n. Etym: [LL. unitio, from L. unire. See Unite,v. t.]

Defn: The act of uniting, or the state of being united; junction.
[Obs.] Wiseman.

UNITIVE
U"ni*tive, a. Etym: [LL. unitivus: cf. F. unitif.]

Defn: Having the power of uniting; causing, or tending to produce,
union. Jer. Taylor.

UNITIVELY
U"ni*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a unitive manner. Cudworth.

UNITIZE
U"nit*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unitized; p. pr. & vb. n. Unitizing.]

Defn: To reduce to a unit, or one whole; to form into a unit; to
unify.

UNITUDE
U"ni*tude, n.

Defn: Unity. [R.] H. Spenser.

UNITY
U"ni*ty, n.; pl. Unities. Etym: [OE. unite, F. unité, L. unitas, from
unus one. See One, and cf. Unit.]

1. The state of being one; oneness.
Whatever we can consider as one thing suggests to the understanding
the idea of unity. Locks.

Note: Unity is affirmed of a simple substance or indivisible monad,
or of several particles or parts so intimately and closely united as
to constitute a separate body or thing. See the Synonyms under Union.

2. Concord; harmony; conjunction; agreement; uniformity; as, a unity
of proofs; unity of doctrine.
Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell
together in unity! Ps. cxxxiii. 1.

3. (Math.)

Defn: Any definite quantity, or aggregate of quantities or magnitudes
taken as one, or for which 1 is made to stand in calculation; thus,
in a table of natural sines, the radius of the circle is regarded as
unity.

Note: The number 1, when it is not applied to any particular thing,
is generally called unity.

4. (Poetry & Rhet.)

Defn: In dramatic composition, one of the principles by which a
uniform tenor of story and propriety of representation are preserved;
conformity in a composition to these; in oratory, discourse, etc.,
the due subordination and reference of every part to the development
of the leading idea or the eastablishment of the main proposition.

Note: In the Greek drama, the three unities required were those of
action, of time, and of place; that is, that there should be but one
main plot; that the time supposed should not exceed twenty-four
hours; and that the place of the action before the spectators should
be one and the same throughout the piece.

5. (Fine Arts & Mus.)

Defn: Such a combination of parts as to constitute a whole, or a kind
of symmetry of style and character.

6. (Law)

Defn: The peculiar characteristics of an estate held by several in
joint tenancy.

Note: The properties of it are derived from its unity, which is
fourfold; unity of interest, unity of title, unity of time, and unity
of possession; in other words, joint tenants have one and the same
interest, accruing by one and the same conveyance, commencing at the
same time, and held by one and the same undivided possession. Unity
of possession is also a joint possession of two rights in the same
thing by several titles, as when a man, having a lease of land,
afterward buys the fee simple, or, having an easement in the land of
another, buys the servient estate.

At unity, at one.
 -- Unity of type. (Biol.) See under Type.

Syn.
 -- Union; oneness; junction; concord; harmony. See Union.

UNIVALENCE
U*niv"a*lence, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The quality or state of being univalent.

UNIVALENT
U*niv"a*lent, a. Etym: [Uni- + L. valens, -entis, p. pr. See
Valence.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having a valence of one; capable of combining with, or of being
substituted for, one atom of hydrogen; monovalent; -- said of certain
atoms and radicals.

UNIVALVE
U"ni*valve, n. Etym: [Uni- + valve: cf. F. univalve.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shell consisting of one valve only; a mollusk whose shell is
composed of a single piece, as the snails and conchs.

Note: Most univalves are spiral and are the shells of gastropods, but
many belong to cephalopods and pteropods. A large number of univalves
belonging to the gastropods are conical, cup-shaped, or shieldlike,
as the limpets.

UNIVALVE; UNIVALVED
U"ni*valve, U"ni*valved, a. Etym: [Cf. F. univalve.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Having one valve; as, a univalve shell or pericarp.

UNIVALVIA
U`ni*val"vi*a (, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Gastropoda.

UNIVALVULAR
U`ni*val"vu*lar, a. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Univalve, a.

UNIVARIANT
U`ni*va"ri*ant, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Having one degree of freedom or variability.

UNIVERSAL
U`ni*ver"sal, a. Etym: Etym: [L. universalis: cf. F. universel, OF.
also universal. See Universe.]

1. Of or pertaining to the universe; extending to, including, or
affecting, the whole number, quantity, or space; unlimited; general;
all-reaching; all-pervading; as, universal ruin; universal good;
universal benevolence or benefice. "Anointed universal King." Milton.
The universal cause Acts not by partial, but by general laws. Pope.
This universal frame began. Dryden.

Note: Universal and its derivatives are used in common discourse for
general and its derivatives. See General.

2. Constituting or considered as a whole; total; entire; whole; as,
the universal world. Shak.
At which the universal host up dent A shout that tore Hell's concave.
Milton.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: Adapted or adaptable to all or to various uses, shapes, sizes,
etc.; as, a universal milling machine.

4. (Logic)

Defn: Forming the whole of a genus; relatively unlimited in
extension; affirmed or denied of the whole of a subject; as, a
universal proposition; -- opposed to particular; e. g. (universal
affirmative) All men are animals; (universal negative) No men are
omniscient. Universal chuck (Mach.), a chuck, as for a lathe, having
jaws which can be moved simultaneously so as to grasp objects of
various sizes.
 -- Universal church, the whole church of God in the world; the
catholic church. See the Note under Catholic, a., 1.
 -- Universal coupling. (Mach.) Same as Universal joint, below.
 -- Universal dial, a dial by which the hour may be found in any part
of the world, or under any elevation of the pole.
 -- Universal instrument (Astron.), a species of altitude and azimuth
instrument, the peculiarity of which is, that the object end of the
telescope is placed at right angles to the eye end, with a prism of
total reflection at the angle, and the eye end constitutes a portion
of the horizontal axis of the instrument, having the eyepiece at the
pivot and in the center of the altitude circle, so that the eye has
convenient access to both at the same time.
 -- Universal joint (Mach.), a contrivance used for joining two
shafts or parts of a machine endwise, so that the one may give rotary
motion to the other when forming an angle with it, or may move freely
in all directions with respect to the other, as by means of a cross
connecting the forked ends of the two shafts (Fig. 1). Since this
joint can not act when the angle of the shafts is less than 140º, a
double joint of the same kind is sometimes used for giving rotary
motion at angles less than 140º (Fig. 2).
 -- Universal umbel (Bot.), a primary or general umbel; the first or
largest set of rays in a compound umbel; -- opposed to partial umbel.
A universal involucre is not unfrequently placed at the foot of a
universal umbel.

Syn.
 -- General; all; whole; total. See General.

UNIVERSAL
U`ni*ver"sal, n.

1. The whole; the general system of the universe; the universe.
[Obs.]
Plato calleth God the cause and original, the nature and reason, of
the universal. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. (Logic)
(a) A general abstract conception, so called from being universally
applicable to, or predicable of, each individual or species contained
under it.
(b) A universal proposition. See Universal, a., 4.

UNIVERSALIAN
U`ni*ver*sa"li*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Universalism; Universalist. [R.]

UNIVERSALISM
U`ni*ver"sal*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. universalisme.] (Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine or belief that all men will be saved, or made
happy, in the future state.

UNIVERSALIST
U`ni*ver"sal*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. universaliste.]

1. (Theol.)

Defn: One who believes in Universalism; one of a denomination of
Christians holding this faith.

2. One who affects to understand all the particulars in statements or
propositions. [Obs.] Bentley.

UNIVERSALIST
U`ni*ver"sal*ist, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Unversalists of their doctrines.

UNIVERSALISTIC
U`ni*ver`sal*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the whole; universal.

UNIVERSALITY
U`ni*ver*sal"i*ty, n.; pl. Universalties. Etym: [Cf. F.
universalité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being universal; unlimited extension or
application; generality; -- distinguished from particularity; as, the
unversality of a proposition; the unversality of sin; the unversality
of the Deluge.

UNIVERSALIZE
U`ni*ver"sal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Universalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Universalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. universaliser.]

Defn: To make universal; to generalize. Coleridge.

UNIVERSALLY
U`ni*ver"sal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a universal manner; without exception; as, God's laws are
universally binding on his creatures.

UNIVERSALNESS
U`ni*ver"sal*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being universal; universality.

UNIVERSE
U"ni*verse, n. Etym: [L. universum, from universus universal; unus
one + vertere, versum, to turn, that is, turned into one, combined
into one whole; cf. F. univers. See One, and Verse.]

Defn: All created things viewed as constituting one system or whole;
the whole body of things, or of phenomena; the mundus of the Latins;
the world; creation.
How may I Adore thee, Author of this universe And all this good to
man! Milton.

UNIVERSITY
U`ni*ver"si*ty, n.; pl. Universities. Etym: [OE. universite, L.
universitas all together, the whole, the universe, a number of
persons associated into one body, a society, corporation, fr.
universus all together, universal: cf. F. université. See Universe.]

1. The universe; the whole. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

2. An association, society, guild, or corporation, esp. one capable
of having and acquiring property. [Obs.]
The universities, or corporate bodies, at Rome were very numerous.
There were corporations of bakers, farmers of the revenue, scribes,
and others. Eng. Cyc.

3. An institution organized and incorporated for the purpose of
imparting instruction, examining students, and otherwise promoting
education in the higher branches of literature, science, art, etc.,
empowered to confer degrees in the several arts and faculties, as in
theology, law, medicine, music, etc. A university may exist without
having any college connected with it, or it may consist of but one
college, or it may comprise an assemblage of colleges established in
any place, with professors for instructing students in the sciences
and other branches of learning.
The present universities of Europe were, originally, the greater part
of them, ecclesiastical corporations, instituted for the education of
churchmen . . . What was taught in the greater part of those
universities was suitable to the end of their institutions, either
theology or something that was merely preparatory to theology. A.
Smith.

Note: From the Roman words universitas, collegium, corpus, are
derived the terms university, college, and corporation, of modern
languages; and though these words have obtained modified
significations in modern times, so as to indifferently applicable to
the same things, they all agree in retaining the fundamental
signification of the terms, whatever may have been added to them.
There is now no university, college, or corporation, which is not a
juristical person in the sense above explained [see def. 2, above];
wherever these words are applied to any association of persons not
stamped with this mark, it is an abuse of terms. Eng. Cyc.

UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
U`ni*ver"si*ty ex*ten"sion.

Defn: The extension of the advantages of university instruction by
means of lectures and classes at various centers.

UNIVERSOLOGICAL
U`ni*ver`so*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to universology.

UNIVERSOLOGIST
U`ni*ver*sol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in universology.

UNIVERSOLOGY
U`ni*ver*sol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Universe + -logy.]

Defn: The science of the universe, and the relations which it
involves.

UNIVOCACY
U*niv"o*ca*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being univocal. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

UNIVOCAL
U*niv"o*cal, a. Etym: [L. univocus; unus one + vox, vocis, a voice,
word. See One, and Voice.]

1. Having one meaning only; -- contrasted with equivocal.

2. Having unison of sound, as the octave in music. See Unison, n., 2.

3. Having always the same drift or tenor; uniform; certain; regular.
[R.] Sir T. Browne.

4. Unequivocal; indubitable. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

UNIVOCAL
U*niv"o*cal, n.

1. (Aristotelian Logic)

Defn: A generic term, or a term applicable in the same sense to all
the species it embraces.

2. A word having but one meaning.

UNIVOCALLY
U*niv"o*cal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a univocal manner; in one term; in one sense; not
equivocally.
How is sin univocally distinguished into venial and mortal, if the
venial be not sin Bp. Hall.

UNIVOCATION
U*niv`o*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. univocation.]

Defn: Agreement of name and meaning. [Obs.] Whiston.

UNJOIN
Un*join", v. t. Etym: [1st un- + join.]

Defn: To disjoin.

UNJOINT
Un*joint", v. t. Etym: [1st un- + joint.]

Defn: To disjoint.

UNJOINTED
Un*joint"ed, a. Etym: [Properly p. p. of unjoint.]

1. Disjointed; unconnected; hence, incoherent. Shak.

2. Etym: [Pref. un- + jointed.]

Defn: Having no joint or articulation; as, an unjointed stem.

UNJUST
Un*just", a.

1. Acting contrary to the standard of right; not animated or
controlled by justice; false; dishonest; as, an unjust man or judge.

2. Contrary to justice and right; prompted by a spirit of injustice;
wrongful; as, an unjust sentence; an unjust demand; an unjust
accusation.
 -- Un*just"ly, adv.
 -- Un*just"ness, n.

UNJUSTICE
Un*jus"tice, n.

Defn: Want of justice; injustice. [Obs.] Hales.

UNKARD
Un"kard, a.

Defn: See Unked. [Prov. Eng.]

UNKE
Un"ke, n. Etym: [G. unke.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European aquatic toad (Bombinator igneus). Its back is dark;
its belly is marked with crimson. Called also feuerkröte.

UNKED
Un"ked, a. Etym: [Corrupted fr. uncouth, or OE. unkid; un- + p. p. of
AS. cyedhan to make known, fr. cuedh known. See Uncouth.]

1. Odd; strange; ugly; old; uncouth. [Prov. Eng.]

2. Lonely; dreary; unkard. [Prov. Eng.]
Weston is sadly unked without you. Cowper.

UNKEMMED
Un*kemmed", a.

Defn: Unkempt. [Obs.]

UNKEMPT
Un*kempt", a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + kempt, p. p. of kemb.]

1. Not combed; disheveled; as, an urchin with unkempt hair.

2. Fig.; Not smoothed; unpolished; rough.
My rhymes be rugged and unkempt. Spenser.

UNKENNEL
Un*ken"nel, v. t. Etym: [1st un- + kennel.]

1. To drive from a kennel or hole; as, to unkennel a fox.

2. Fig.: To discover; to disclose. Shak.

UNKENT
Un*kent", a. Etym: [Un- knot + ken to know.]

Defn: Unknown; strange. [Obs. or Scot.] W. Browne.

UNKETH
Un*keth", a.

Defn: Uncouth. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

UNKIND
Un*kind", a. Etym: [See Kin kindred.]

Defn: Having no race or kindred; childless. [Obs. & R.] Shak.

UNKIND
Un*kind", a.

1. Not kind; contrary to nature, or the law of kind or kindred;
unnatural. [Obs.] "Such unkind abominations." Chaucer.

2. Wanting in kindness, sympathy, benevolence, gratitude, or the
like; cruel; harsh; unjust; ungrateful.
He is unkind that recompenseth not; but he is most unkind that
forgetteth. Sir T. Elyot.
-- Un*kind"ly, adv.
 -- Un*kind"ness, n.

UNKINDLINESS
Un*kind"li*ness, n.

Defn: Unkindness. Tennyson.

UNKINDLY
Un*kind"ly, a.

1. Not kindly; unkind; ungracious.

2. Unnatural; contrary to nature. [Obs.] "Unkindly crime." Spenser.

3. Unfavorable; annoying; malignant. Milton.

UNKINDRED
Un*kin"dred, a.

Defn: Not kindred; not of the same kin. [Obs.] Rowe.
 -- Un*kin"dred*ly, a.

UNKING
Un*king", v. t. Etym: [1st un- + king.]

Defn: To cause to cease to be a king. [R.]
Shall his condescension, therefore, unking him South.

UNKINGSHIP
Un*king"ship, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being unkinged; abolition of
monarchy. [Obs.]
Unkingship was proclaimed, and his majesty's statues thrown down.
Evelyn.

UNKISS
Un*kiss", v. t. Etym: [1st un- + king.]

Defn: To cancel or annul what was done or sealed by a kiss; to cancel
by a kiss. [Obs.]
Let me unkiss the oath 'twixt thee and me. Shak.

UNKLE
Un"kle, n.

Defn: See Uncle. [Obs.]

UNKNIGHT
Un*knight", v. t. Etym: [1st un- + knight.]

Defn: To deprive of knighthood. Fuller.

UNKNIT
Un*knit", v. t. Etym: [1st un- + knit.]

Defn: To undo or unravel what is knitted together.
Fie, fie! unknit that threatening unkind brow. Shak.

UNKNOT
Un*knot", v. t. Etym: [1st un- + knot.]

Defn: To free from knots; to untie.

UNKNOW
Un*know", v. t. Etym: [1st un- + know.]

1. To cease to know; to lose the knowledge of. [Obs.]

2. To fail of knowing; to be ignorant of. [Obs.]

UNKNOW
Un*know", a. Etym: [See Un- not, Know.]

Defn: Unknown. [Obs.] "French of Paris was to her unknow." Chaucer.

UNKNOWLEDGED
Un*knowl"edged, a.

Defn: Not acknowledged or recognized. [Obs.]
For which bounty to us lent Of him unknowledged or unsent. B. Jonson.

UNKNOWN
Un*known", a.

Defn: Not known; not apprehended.
 -- Un*known"ness, n. [R.] Camden.

UNLABORED
Un*la"bored, a.

1. Not produced by labor or toil. "Unlabored harvests." Dryden.

2. Not cultivated; untitled; as, an unlabored field.

3. Not laboriously produced, or not evincing labor; as, an unlabored
style or work. Tickell.

UNLACE
Un*lace", v. t. Etym: [1st un- + lace.]

1. To loose by undoing a lacing; as, to unlace a shoe.

2. To loose the dress of; to undress; hence, to expose; to disgrace.
What's the matter, That you unlace your reputation thus Shak.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: To loose, and take off, as a bonnet from a sail, or to cast
off, as any lacing in any part of the rigging of a vessel. Totten.

UNLADE
Un*lade" v. t. Etym: [1st un- + lade.]

1. To take the load from; to take out the cargo of; as, to unlade a
ship or a wagon.
The venturous merchant . . . Shall here unlade him and depart no
more. Dryden.

2. To unload; to remove, or to have removed, as a load or a burden;
to discharge.
There the ship was to unlade her burden. Acts. xxi. 3.

UNLAID
Un*laid", a.

1. Not laid or placed; not fixed. Hooker.

2. Not allayed; not pacified; not laid finally to rest. [R.]
"Stubborn, unlaid ghost." Milton.

3. Not laid out, as a corpse. [R.] B. Jonson. Unlaid paper. See Laid
paper, under Laid.

UNLAND
Un*land", v. t. Etym: [1st un- + land.]

Defn: To deprive of lands.

UNLAP
Un*lap", v. t. Etym: [1st un- + lap.]

Defn: To unfold. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNLASH
Un*lash", v. t. Etym: [1st un- + lash.] (Naut.)

Defn: To loose, as that which is lashed or tied down.

UNLATCH
Un*latch", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Unlatched; p. pr. & vb. n.
Unlatching.] Etym: [1st un- + latch.]

Defn: To open or loose by lifting the latch; as, to unlatch a door.

UNLAUGH
Un*laugh", v. t. Etym: [1st un- + laugh.]

Defn: To recall, as former laughter. [Obs. & R.] Sir T. More.

UNLAW
Un*law", v. t. Etym: [1st un- + law.]

1. To deprive of the authority or character of law. [Obs.]

2. To put beyond protection of law; to outlaw. [Obs.]

3. (Scots Law)

Defn: To impose a fine upon; to fine.

UNLAW
Un*law", n. Etym: [Pref. un- + law.] (Scots Law)
(a) Any transgression or offense against the law.
(b) A fine imposed as a penalty for violation of the law.

UNLAWED
Un*lawed", a. Etym: [Pref. un- + lawed, p. p. of lawe.]

Defn: Not having the claws and balls of the forefeet cut off; -- said
of dogs.

UNLAWFUL
Un*law"ful, a.

Defn: Not lawful; contrary to law.
 -- Un*law"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Un*law"ful*ness, n. Unlawful assembly. (Law) See under Assembly.

UNLAWLIKE
Un*law"like`, a.

Defn: Not according to law; being or done in violation of law;
unlawful. Milton.

UNLAY
Un*lay", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + lay.] (Naut.)

Defn: To untwist; as, to unlay a rope.

UNLEARN
Un*learn", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + learn.]

1. To forget, as what has been learned; to lose from memory; also, to
learn the contrary of.
I had learned nothing right; I had to unlearn everything. Milner.

2. To fail to learn. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

UNLEARNED
Un*learn"ed, a. Etym: [Pref. un- + learned.]

1. Not learned; untaught; uneducated; ignorant; illiterate.

2. Not gained by study; not known.

3. Not exhibiting learning; as, unlearned verses.
 -- Un*learn"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Un*learn"ed*ness, n.

UNLEASH
Un*leash", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + leash.]

Defn: To free from a leash, or as from a leash; to let go; to
release; as, to unleash dogs.

UNLEAVENED
Un*leav"ened, a.

Defn: Not leavened; containing no leaven; as, unleavened bread.

UNLESS
Un*less", conj. Etym: [Formerly, onles, onlesse, onlesse that, that
is, in less, in a less case. See On, and Less.]

Defn: Upon any less condition than (the fact or thing stated in the
sentence or clause which follows); if not; supposing that not; if it
be not; were it not that; except; as, we shall fail unless we are
industrious.

Note: By the omission of the verb in the dependent clause, unless was
frequently used prepositionally, -- a construction common in
Shakespeare and still employed colloquially.
Here nothing breeds unless the nightly owl. Shak.

UNLICKED
Un*licked", a.

Defn: Not licked; hence, not properly formed; ungainly. Cf. To lick
into shape, under Lick, v. Shak.

UNLIKE
Un*like", a.

1. Not like; dissimilar; diverse; having no resemblance; as, the
cases are unlike.

2. Not likely; improbable; unlikely. [Obsoles.] Unlike quantities
(Math.), quantities expressed by letters which are different or of
different powers, as a, b, c, a2, a3, xn, and the like.
 -- Unlike signs (Math.), the signs plus (+) and minus (-).

UNLIKELIHOOD
Un*like"li*hood, n.

Defn: Absence of likelihood.

UNLIKELINESS
Un*like"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unlikely.

UNLIKELY
Un*like"ly, a.

1. Not likely; improbable; not to be reasonably expected; as, an
unlikely event; the thing you mention is very unlikely.

2. Not holding out a prospect of success; likely to fail;
unpromising; as, unlikely means. Hooker.

3. Not such as to inspire liking; unattractive; disagreeable. [Obs.]
"The unlikely eld of me." Chaucer.

UNLIKELY
Un*like"ly, adv.

Defn: In an unlikely manner.

UNLIKEN
Un*lik"en, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + liken.]

Defn: To make unlike; to dissimilate. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNLIKENESS
Un*like"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unlike; want of resemblance;
dissimilarity. Tennyson.

UNLIMBER
Un*lim"ber, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + limber.] (Mil.)

Defn: To detach the limber from; as, to unlimber a gun.

UNLIMITABLE
Un*lim"it*a*ble, a.

Defn: Illimitable. Locke.

UNLIMITED
Un*lim"it*ed, a.

1. Not limited; having no bounds; boundless; as, an unlimited expanse
of ocean.

2. Undefined; indefinite; not bounded by proper exceptions; as,
unlimited terms. "Nothing doth more prevail than unlimited
generalities." Hooker.

3. Unconfined; not restrained; unrestricted.
Ascribe not unto God such an unlimited exercise of mercy as may
destroy his justice. Rogers.
Unlimited problem (Math.), a problem which is capable of an infinite
number of solutions.
 -- Unlimited pump, a kind of deep-well pump placed at the level of
the water, and operated from above ground.
 -- Un*lim"it*ed*ly, adv.
 -- Un*lim"it*ed*ness, n.

UNLINE
Un*line", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + line.]

Defn: To take the lining out of; hence, to empty; as, to unline one's
purse.

UNLINK
Un*link", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + link.]

Defn: To separate or undo, as links; to uncoil; to unfasten. Shak.

UNLIQUIDATED
Un*liq"ui*da`ted, a.

Defn: Not liquidated; not exactly ascertained; not adjusted or
settled. Unliquidated damages (Law), penalties or damages not
ascertained in money. Burrill.

UNLIQUORED
Un*liq"uored, a.

1. Not moistened or wet with liquor; dry. "Unliquored coach." Bp.
Hall.

2. Not in liquor; not intoxicated; sober.
Like an unliquored Silenus. Milton.

UNLISTED
Un*list"ed, a.

Defn: Not listed; specif. (New York Stock Exchange),

Defn: admitted to quotation in the unlisted department, that is,
admitted to be dealt in on the floor, but not to the "regular list."

UNLIVE
Un*live", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + live.]

Defn: To [R.] Glanvill.

UNLIVED
Un*lived", a. Etym: [See 1st pref. Un-, and Life, Live.]

Defn: Bereft or deprived of life. [Obs.] Shak.

UNLOAD
Un*load", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + load.]

1. To take the load from; to discharge of a load or cargo; to
disburden; as, to unload a ship; to unload a beast.

2. Hence, to relieve from anything onerous.

3. To discharge or remove, as a load or a burden; as, to unload the
cargo of a vessel.

4. To draw the charge from; as, to unload a gun.

5. To sell in large quantities, as stock; to get rid of. [Brokers'
Cant, U. S.]

UNLOAD
Un*load", v. i.

Defn: To perform the act of unloading anything; as, let unload now.

UNLOADER
Un*load"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, unloads; a device for unloading, as hay
from a wagon.

UNLOCATED
Un*lo"ca*ted, a.

1. Not located or placed; not fixed in a place.

2. Not surveyed, or designated by marks, limits, or boundaries, as
appropriated to some individual, company, or corporation; as,
unlocated lands.

UNLOCK
Un*lock", v. t. Etym: [Cf. AS. unl. See 1st Un-, and Lock, v. t.]

1. To unfasten, as what is locked; as, to unlock a door or a chest.

2. To open, in general; to lay open; to undo.
Unlock your springs, and open all your shades. Pope.
[Lord] unlock the spell of sin. J. H. Newman.

UNLODGE
Un*lodge", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + lodge.]

Defn: To dislodge; to deprive of lodgment. Carew.

UNLOOK
Un*look", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + look.]

Defn: To recall or retract, as a look. [R.] Richardson.

UNLOOKED
Un*looked", a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + looked.]

Defn: Not observed or foreseen; unexpected; -- generally with for.
"Unlooked success." Denham.
She comes unlooked for, if she comes at all. Pope.

UNLOOKED-FOR
Un*looked"-for, a.

Defn: Not looked for; unexpected; as, an unlooked-for event.

UNLOOSE
Un*loose", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- (intensive) + loose.]

Defn: To make loose; to loosen; to set free. Shak.

UNLOOSE
Un*loose", v. i.

Defn: To become unfastened; to lose all connection or union.

UNLOOSEN
Un*loos"en, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- (intensive) + loosen.]

Defn: To loosen; to unloose.

UNLORD
Un*lord", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + lord.]

Defn: To deprive of the rank or position of a lord. Milton.

UNLORDED
Un*lord"ed, a.

1. Etym: [Properly p. p. of unlord.]

Defn: Deprived of the rank of a lord.

2. Etym: [Pref. un- + lorded.]

Defn: Not raised to the rank of a lord. Milton.

UNLOVE
Un*love", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + love.]

Defn: To cease to love; to hate. [Obs.]

UNLOVELY
Un*love"ly, a.

Defn: Not lovely; not amiable; possessing qualities that excite
dislike; disagreeable; displeasing; unpleasant.
 -- Un*love"li*ness, n.

UNLUCKILY
Un*luck"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In an unlucky manner.

UNLUCKINESS
Un*luck"i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being unlucky.

UNLUCKY
Un*luck"y, a.

1. Not lucky; not successful; unfortunate; ill-fated; unhappy; as, an
unlucky man; an unlucky adventure; an unlucky throw of dice; an
unlucky game.

Note: This word is properly applied to incidents in which failure
results from chance or fortuity, as in games of hazard, rather than
from lack or feebleness of effort.

2. Bringing bad luck; ill-omened; inauspicious.
Haunt me not with that unlucky face. Dryden.

3. Mischievous; as, an unlucky wag. [Colloq.]

UNLUST
Un*lust", n.

Defn: Listlessness; disinclination. [Obs.] "Idleness and unlust."
Chaucer.

UNLUTE
Un*lute", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + lute.]

Defn: To separate, as things cemented or luted; to take the lute or
the clay from. Boyle.

UNMADE
Un*made", a.

1. Etym: [Pref. un- not + made.]

Defn: Not yet made or formed; as, an unmade grave. Shak.

2. Etym: [Properly p. p. of unmake.]

Defn: Deprived of form, character, etc.; disunited.

UNMAGISTRATE
Un*mag"is*trate, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + magistrate.]

Defn: To divest of the office or authority of a magistrate. [Obs.]
Milton.

UNMAIDEN
Un*maid"en, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + maiden.]

Defn: To ravish; to deflower. [Obs.]

UNMAKE
Un*make", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + make.]

Defn: To destroy the form and qualities of; to deprive of being; to
uncreate.
God does not make or unmake things to try experiments. T. Burnet.

UNMAN
Un*man", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + man.]

1. To deprive of the distinctive qualities of a human being, as
reason, or the like. [R.] South.

2. To emasculate; to deprive of virility.

3. To deprive of the courage and fortitude of a man; to break or
subdue the manly spirit in; to cause to despond; to dishearten; to
make womanish.
Let's not unman each other. Byron.

4. To deprive of men; as, to unman a ship.

UNMANACLE
Un*man"a*cle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + manacle.]

Defn: To free from manacles. Tennyson.

UNMANHOOD
Un*man"hood, n.

Defn: Absence or lack of manhood. [Obs.] Chaucer.

UNMANNED
Un*manned", a.

1. Etym: [Properly p. p. of unman.]

Defn: Deprived of manly qualities; deficient in vigor, strength,
courage, etc.; weak; effeminate.

2. Etym: [Pref. un- not + man + -ed.] (Falconry)

Defn: Not tamed; not made familiar with, or subject to, man; -- also
used figuratively. [Obs.]
Hood my unmanned blood bating in my cheeks With thy black mantle.
Shak.

3. Etym: [Pref. un- not + manned.]

Defn: Not furnished with men; as, an unmanned ship.

UNMANNERLY
Un*man"ner*ly, a.

Defn: Not mannerly; ill-bred; rude.
 -- adv.

Defn: Uncivilly; rudely.
 -- Un*man"ner*li*ness, n.

UNMANTLE
Un*man"tle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + mantle.]

Defn: To divest of a mantle; to uncover.
Nay, she said, but I will unmantle you. Sir W. Scott.

UNMARRY
Un*mar"ry, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + marry.]

Defn: To annul the marriage of; to divorce. Milton.

UNMARTYR
Un*mar"tyr, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + martyr.]

Defn: To degrade from the rank of a martyr. [Obs.] Fuller.

UNMASCULATE
Un*mas"cu*late, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + masculate.]

Defn: To emasculate. [Obs.] Fuller.

UNMASK
Un*mask", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + mask.]

Defn: To strip of a mask or disguise; to lay open; to expose.

UNMASK
Un*mask", v. i.

Defn: To put off a mask. Shak.

UNMASTERABLE
Un*mas"ter*a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being mastered or subdued. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

UNMATERIAL
Un`ma*te"ri*al, a.

Defn: Not material; immaterial. [Obs.] Daniel.

UNMEANING
Un*mean"ing, a.

1. Having no meaning or signification; as, unmeaning words.

2. Not indicating intelligence or sense; senseless; expressionless;
as, an unmeaning face.
There pride sits blazoned on the unmeaning brow. Trumbull.
-- Un*mean"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Un*mean"ing*ness, n.

UNMEANT
Un*meant", a.

Defn: Not meant or intended; unintentional. Dryden.

UNMEASURABLE
Un*meas"ur*a*ble, a.

Defn: Immeasurable. Swift.
 -- Un*meas"ur*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Un*meas"ur*a*bly, adv.

UNMECHANIZE
Un*mech"an*ize, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + mechanize.]

1. To undo the mechanism of; to unmake; as, to unmechanize a
structure. [Obs.] Sterne.

UNMECHANIZED
Un*mech"an*ized, a. Etym: [Pref. un- + mechanized.]

Defn: Not mechanized. Paley.

UNMEET
Un*meet", a.

Defn: Not meet or fit; not proper; unbecoming; unsuitable; -- usually
followed by for. "Unmeet for a wife." Tennyson.
And all unmeet our carpet floors. Emerson.
-- Un*meet"ly, adv.
 -- Un*meet"ness, n.

UNMEMBER
Un*mem"ber, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + member.]

Defn: To deprive of membership, as in a church.

UNMENTIONABLES
Un*men"tion*a*bles, n. pl.

Defn: The breeches; trousers. [Jocose]

UNMERCHANTABLE
Un*mer"chant*a*ble, a. (Com.)

Defn: Not merchantable; not fit for market; being of a kind, quality,
or quantity that is unsalable. McElrath.

UNMERCIED
Un*mer"cied, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + mercy.]

Defn: Unmerciful; merciless. [Obs.] Drayton.

UNMERCIFUL
Un*mer"ci*ful, a.

Defn: Not merciful; indisposed to mercy or grace; cruel; inhuman;
merciless; unkind.
 -- Un*mer"ci*ful*ly, adv.
 -- Un*mer"ci*ful*ness, n.

UNMERCILESS
Un*mer"ci*less, a. Etym: [Pref. un- (intensive) + merciless.]

Defn: Utterly merciless. [Obs.] Joye.

UNMEW
Un*mew", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + mew to confine.]

Defn: To release from confinement or restraint. Keats.

UNMINGLE
Un*min"gle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + mingle.]

Defn: To separate, as things mixed. Bacon.

UNMISTAKABLE
Un`mis*tak"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being mistaken or misunderstood; clear; plain;
obvious; evident.
 -- Un`mis*tak"a*bly, adv.

UNMITER; UNMITRE
Un*mi"ter, Un*mi"tre, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + miter.]

Defn: To deprive of a miter; to depose or degrade from the rank of a
bishop. Milton.

UNMOLD; UNMOULD
Un*mold", Un*mould", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + mold.]

Defn: To change the form of; to reduce from any form. "Unmolding
reason's mintage." Milton.

UNMONEYED
Un*mon"eyed, a.

Defn: Destitute of money; not rich. [Written also unmonied.]
Shenstone.

UNMONOPOLIZE
Un`mo*nop"o*lize, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + monopolize.]

Defn: To recover or release from the state of being monopolized. [R.]
Unmonopolizing the rewards of learning and industry. Milton.

UNMOOR
Un*moor", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + moor.] (Naut.)
(a) To cause to ride with one anchor less than before, after having
been moored by two or more anchors.
(b) To loose from anchorage. See Moor, v. t.

UNMOOR
Un*moor", v. i.

Defn: To weigh anchor. Sir W. Scott.

UNMORAL
Un*mor"al, a.

Defn: Having no moral perception, quality, or relation; involving no
idea of morality; -- distinguished from both moral and immoral.
 -- Un`mo*ral"i*ty, n.

UNMORALIZED
Un*mor"al*ized, a.

Defn: Not restrained or tutored by morality. Norris.

UNMORRISED
Un*mor"rised, a.

Defn: Not arrayed in the dress of a morris dancer. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

UNMORTISE
Un*mor"tise, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + mortise.]

Defn: To loosen, unfix, or separate, as things mortised together.
Tennyson.

UN-MOSAIC
Un`-Mo*sa"ic, a.

Defn: Not according to Moses; unlike Moses or his works.
By this reckoning Moses should be most un Mosaic. Milton.

UNMOTHERED
Un*moth"ered, Etym: [1st pref. un- + mother.]

Defn: Deprived of a mother; motherless.

UNMOVABLE
Un*mov"a*ble, a.

Defn: Immovable. "Steadfast, unmovable." 1 Cor. xv. 58. Locke.

UNMOVABLY
Un*mov"a*bly, adv.

Defn: Immovably. [R.] J. Ellis.

UNMOVED
Un*moved", a.

Defn: Not moved; fixed; firm; unshaken; calm; apathetic.
 -- Un*mov"ed*ly, adv.

UNMUFFLE
Un*muf"fle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + muffle.]

1. To take a covering from, as the face; to uncover.

2. To remove the muffling of, as a drum.

UNMUTABLE
Un*mu"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Immutable. [Obs.]

UNMUZZLE
Un*muz"zle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + muzzle.]

Defn: To loose from a muzzle; to remove a muzzle from.

UNNAIL
Un*nail", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + nail.]

Defn: To remove the nails from; to unfasten by removing nails.

UNNAPPED
Un*napped", a.

Defn: Finished without a nap.
I did not attempt her with a threadbare name, Unnapped with
meritorious actions. Beau. & Fl.

UNNATURAL
Un*nat"u*ral, a.

Defn: Not natural; contrary, or not conforming, to the order of
nature; being without natural traits; as, unnatural crimes.

Syn.
 -- See Factitious.
 -- Un*nat"u*ral*ly, adv.
 -- Un*nat"u*ral*ness, n.

UNNATURALIZE
Un*nat"u*ral*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make unnatural. [R.] Hales.

UNNATURE
Un*na"ture, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + nature.]

Defn: To change the nature of; to invest with a different or contrary
nature. [Obs.]
A right heavenly nature, indeed, as if were unnaturing them, doth so
bridle them [the elements]. Sir P. Sidney.

UNNATURE
Un*na"ture, n. Etym: [Pref. un- not + nature.]

Defn: The contrary of nature; that which is unnatural. [R.]
So as to be rather unnature, after all, than nature. H. Bushnell.

UNNEAR
Un*near", prep.

Defn: Not near; not close to; at a distance from. [Obs.] Davies
(Muse's Sacrifice).

UNNECESSARY
Un*nec"es*sa*ry, a.

Defn: Not necessary; not required under the circumstances; unless;
needless; as, unnecessary labor, care, or rigor.
 -- Un*nec"es*sa*ri*ly, adv.
 -- Un*nec"es*sa*ri*ness, n.

UNNECESSITY
Un`ne*ces"si*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being unnecessary; something unnecessary. [Obs.]

UNNEIGHBORED
Un*neigh"bored, a.

Defn: Being without neigbors. Cowper.

UNNEIGHBORLY
Un*neigh"bor*ly, a.

Defn: Not neighborly; distant; reserved; solitary; exclusive.
 -- adv.

Defn: Not in a neighborly manner. Shak.

UNNERVATE
Un*nerv"ate, a.

Defn: Enervate. [Obs.]

UNNERVE
Un*nerve", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + nerve.]

Defn: To deprive of nerve, force, or strength; to weaken; to
enfeeble; as, to unnerve the arm.
Unequal match'd, . . . The unnerved father falls. Shak.

UNNEST
Un*nest, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + nest.]

Defn: To eject from a nest; to unnestle. [R.] T. Adams.

UNNESTLE
Un*nes"tle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + nestle.]

Defn: Same as Unnest. [R.]

UNNETHE; UNNETHES
Un*nethe", Un*nethes", adv.

Defn: With difficulty. See Uneath. [Obs.] Chaucer.

UNNOBLE
Un*no"ble, a.

Defn: Ignoble. Shak.

UNNOBLY
Un*no"bly, adv.

Defn: Ignobly. J. Fletcher.

UNNOOKED
Un*nooked", a.

Defn: Without nooks and corners; guileless. [Obs.] "Unnooked
simplicity." Marston.

UNNOTIFY
Un*no"ti*fy, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + notify.]

Defn: To retract or withdraw a notice of. Walpole.

UNNUMBERED
Un*num"bered, a.

Defn: Not numbered; not counted or estimated; innumerable. Dryden.

UNNUMERABLE
Un*nu"mer*a*ble, a.

Defn: Innumerable. [Obs.] "An unnumerable multitude." Udall.

UNNUN
Un*nun", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + nun.]

Defn: To remove from condition of being a nun. [R.]
Many did quickly unnun and disfriar themselves. Fuller.

UNOBEDIENCE
Un`o*be"di*ence, n.

Defn: Disobedience. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNOBEDIENT
Un`o*be"di*ent, a.

Defn: Disobedient. [Obs.] Milton.

UNOBSERVANCE
Un`ob*serv"ance, n.

Defn: Want or neglect of observance; inobservance. Whitlock.

UNOBTRUSIVE
Un`ob*tru"sive, a.

Defn: Not obtrusive; not presuming; modest.
 -- Un`ob*tru"sive*ly, adv.
 -- Un`ob*tru"sive*ness, n.

UNOFFENSIVE
Un`of*fen"sive, a.

Defn: Inoffensive.

UNOFTEN
Un*of"ten, adv.

Defn: Not often. [Obs.]

UNOIL
Un*oil", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + oil.]

Defn: To remove the oil from. Dryden.

UNOPERATIVE
Un*op"er*a*tive, a.

Defn: Producing no effect; inoperative. [Obs.] South.

UNOPERCULATED
Un`o*per"cu*la`ted, a.

Defn: Destitute of an operculum, or cover.

UNORDER
Un*or"der, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + order.]

Defn: To countermand an order for. [R.]

UNORDERLY
Un*or"der*ly, a.

Defn: Disorderly. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.

UNORDINATE
Un*or"di*nate, a.

Defn: Disorderly; irregular; inordinate. [R.] -- Un*or"di*nate*ly,
adv. [R.]

UNORGANIZED
Un*or"gan*ized, a.

Defn: Not organized; being without organic structure; specifically
(Biol.), not having the different tissues and organs characteristic
of living organisms, nor the power of growth and development; as, the
unorganized ferments. See the Note under Ferment, n., 1.

UNORIGINATED
Un`o*rig"i*na`ted, a.

1. Not originated; existing from all eternity. F. W. Newman.

2. Not yet caused to be, or to be made; as, possible inventions still
unoriginated.

UNORIGINATELY
Un`o*rig"i*nate*ly, adv.

Defn: Without origin.

UNOSSIFIED
Un*os"si*fied, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Destitute of a bony structure.

UNOWED
Un*owed", a.

1. Ownerless. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Not owed; as, to pay money unowed.

UNOWNED
Un*own"ed, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + (sense 1) owned possessed, and
(sense 2) owned granted, acknowledged.]

1. Not owned; having no owner. Milton.

2. Not acknowledged; not avowed. Gay.

UNPACK
Un*pack", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + pack.]

1. To separate and remove, as things packed; to open and remove the
contents of; as, to unpack a trunk.

2. To relieve of a pack or burden. [R.] Shak.

UNPACKER
Un*pack"er, n.

Defn: One who unpacks.

UNPAGANIZE
Un*pa"gan*ize, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + paganize.]

Defn: To cause to cease to be pagan; to divest of pagan character.
[R.] Cudworth.

UNPAINT
Un*paint", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + paint.]

Defn: To remove the paint from; to efface, as a painting. Parnell.

UNPAIRED
Un*paired, a.

Defn: Not paired; not suited or matched.
And minds unpaired had better think alone. Crabbe.

UNPALPED
Un*palped", a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Destitute of a palp.

UNPANNEL
Un*pan"nel, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + pannel.]

Defn: To take the saddle off; to unsaddle. [Obs.] Jervas.

UNPARADISE
Un*par"a*dise, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + paradise.]

Defn: To deprive of happiness like that of paradise; to render
unhappy. [R.] Young.

UNPARAGONED
Un*par"a*goned, a.

Defn: Having no paragon or equal; matchless; peerless. [R.]
Your unparagoned mistress is dead. Shak.

UNPARALLELED
Un*par"al*leled, a.

Defn: Having no parallel, or equal; unequaled; unmatched.
The unparalleled perseverance of the armies of the United States,
under every suffering and discouragement, was little short of a
miracle. Washington.

UNPARCHED
Un*parched", a. Etym: [Pref. un- not (intensive) parched.]

Defn: Dried up; withered by heat. [Obs.] "My tongue . . . unparched."
Crashaw.

UNPARDONABLE
Un*par"don*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not admitting of pardon or forgiveness; inexcusable.

UNPARENTED
Un*par"ent*ed, a.

Defn: Having no parent, or no acknowledged parent. [R.]

UNPARLIAMENTARY
Un*par`lia*men"ta*ry, a.

Defn: Not parliamentary; contrary to the practice of parliamentary
bodies.
 -- Un*par`lia*men"ta*ri*ness, n.

UNPARTIAL
Un*par"tial, a.

Defn: Impartial. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.
 -- Un*par"tial*ly, adv. [Obs.] Hooker.

UNPASSABLE
Un*pass"a*ble, a.

Defn: Impassable. E. A. Freeman.
 -- Un*pass"a*ble*ness, n. Evelyn.

UNPASSIONATE
Un*pas"sion*ate, a.

Defn: Not passionate; dispassionate.
 -- Un*pas"sion*ate*ly, adv.

UNPASTOR
Un*pas"tor, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + pastor.]

Defn: To cause to be no longer pastor; to deprive of pastorship. [R.]
Fuller.

UNPATHED
Un*pathed", a.

Defn: Not having a path. Shak.

UNPATHWAYED
Un*path"wayed`, a.

Defn: Pathless. [R.] "The smooth, unpathwayed plain." Wordsworth.

UNPATIENCE
Un*pa"tience, n.

Defn: Impatience. [Obs.]

UNPATIENT
Un*pa"tient, a.

Defn: Impatient. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNPAVED
Un*paved", a.

1. Not paved; not furnished with a pavement. Hakewill.

2. Castrated. [Obs.] "Unpaved eunuch." Shak.

UNPAY
Un*pay", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + pay.]

Defn: To undo, take back, or annul, as a payment. Shak.

UNPEACE
Un*peace", n.

Defn: Absence or lack of peace. [Obs.] Testament of Love.

UNPEDIGREED
Un*ped"i*greed, a.

Defn: Not distinguished by a pedigree. [R.] Pollok.

UNPEELED
Un*peeled, a.

1. Etym: [1st pref. un- (intensive) + peel.]

Defn: Thoroughly stripped; pillaged. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Etym: [Pref. un- not + peeled.]

Defn: Not peeled.

UNPEERABLE
Un*peer"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of having a peer, or equal.

UNPEERED
Un*peered, a.

Defn: Having no peer; unequaled; unparalleled. "Unpeered excellence."
Marston.

UNPEG
Un*peg", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + peg.]

Defn: To remove a peg or pegs from; to unfasten; to open. Shak.

UNPEN
Un*pen", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + pen.]

Defn: To release from a pen or from confinement. "If a man unpens
another's water." Blackstone.

UNPENETRABLE
Un*pen"e*tra*ble, a.

Defn: Impenetrable.

UNPENITENT
Un*pen"i*tent, a.

Defn: Impenitent. Sandys.

UNPEOPLE
Un*peo"ple, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + people.]

Defn: To deprive of inhabitants; to depopulate. Shak.

UNPEREGAL
Un`per*e"gal, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + peregal.]

Defn: Unequal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

UNPERFECT
Un*per"fect, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + perfect.]

Defn: To mar or destroy the perfection of. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

UNPERFECT
Un*per"fect, a. Etym: [Pref. un- + perfect.]

Defn: Imperfect. [Obs.] Holland.
 -- Un*per"fect*ly, adv. [Obs.] Hales.
 -- Un*per"fect*ness, n. [Obs.]

UNPERFECTION
Un`per*fec"tion, n.

Defn: Want of perfection; imperfection. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNPERISHABLE
Un*per"ish*a*ble, a.

Defn: Imperishable.

UNPERISHABLY
Un*per"ish*a*bly, adv.

Defn: Imperishably.

UNPERPLEX
Un`per*plex", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + perplex.]

Defn: To free from perplexity. [R.] Donne.

UNPERSUASION
Un`per*sua"sion, n.

Defn: The state of not being persuaded; disbelief; doubt. [R.] Abp.
Leighton.

UNPERVERT
Un`per*vert, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + pervert.]

Defn: To free from perversion; to deliver from being perverted; to
reconvert. [Obs.]

UNPHILOSOPHIZE
Un`phi*los"o*phize, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + philosophize.]

Defn: To degrade from the character of a philosopher. [R.] Pope.

UNPICK
Un*pick, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- (intensive) + pick.]

Defn: To pick out; to undo by picking.

UNPICKED
Un*picked", a. Etym: [Properly p. p. of unpick.]

Defn: Picked out; picked open.

2. Etym: [Pref. un- not + picked.]

Defn: Not picked. Milton.

UNPIN
Un*pin", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + pin.]

Defn: To loose from pins; to remove the pins from; to unfasten; as,
to unpin a frock; to unpin a frame.

UNPINION
Un*pin"ion, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + pinion.]

Defn: To loose from pinions or manacles; to free from restraint.
Goldsmith.

UNPITIED
Un*pit"ied, a.

1. Not pitied.

2. Pitiless; merciless. [Obs.] Shak.

UNPITIOUS
Un*pi"tious, a.

1. Impious; wicked. [Obs.] "The life of the unpitous." Wyclif (Prov.
xv. 8).

2. Destitute of pity; pitiless. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- Un*pi"tous*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Un*pi"tous*ness, n. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNPITOUSTY
Un*pi"tous*ty, n.

Defn: Impiety. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNPITY
Un*pit"y, n.

Defn: Want of piety. [Obs.]

UNPLACABLE
Un*pla"ca*ble, a.

Defn: Implacable. [Obs.]

UNPLACED
Un*placed", a.

Defn: Not placed.

UNPLAID
Un*plaid", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + plaid.]

Defn: To deprive of a plaid.

UNPLAINED
Un*plained", a.

Defn: Not deplored or bewailed; unlamented. [Obs.] Spenser.

UNPLAT
Un*plat", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + plat.]

Defn: To take out the folds or twists of, as something previously
platted; to unfold; to unwreathe.

UNPLAUSIVE
Un*plau"sive, a.

Defn: Not approving; disapproving. [Obs.] Shak.

UNPLEADED
Un*plead"ed, a.

1. Not used as a plea; not urged; as, an unpleaded excuse.

2. Not supported by pleas; undefended; as, an unpleaded suit.

UNPLEASANT
Un*pleas"ant, a.

Defn: Not pleasant; not amiable or agreeable; displeasing; offensive.
 -- Un*pleas"ant*ly, adv.
 -- Un*pleas"ant*ness, n.

UNPLEASANTRY
Un*pleas"ant*ry, n.; pl. Unpleasantries (.

1. Want of pleasantry. [R.]

2. A state of disagreement; a falling out. Thackeray.

UNPLEASIVE
Un*pleas"ive, a.

Defn: Unpleasant. [Obs.] "An unpleasive passion." Bp. Hall.

UNPLEAT
Un*pleat", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + pleat.]

Defn: To remove the plaits of; to smooth. W. Browne.

UNPLIGHT
Un*plight", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + plight.]

Defn: To unfold; to lay open; to explain. [Obs.] Chaucer.

UNPLUMB
Un*plumb", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + plumb.]

Defn: To deprive of lead, as of a leaden coffin. [R.] Burke.

UNPLUME
Un*plume", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + plume.]

Defn: To strip of plumes or feathers; hence, to humiliate.

UNPOISED
Un*poised", a.

1. Not poised or balanced.

2. Not poised or weighed; hence, regardless of consequences;
unhesitating. [Obs.] Marston.

UNPOISON
Un*poi"son, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + poison.]

Defn: To remove or expel poison from. [Obs.] South.

UNPOLICIED
Un*pol"i*cied, a.

1. Not having civil polity, or a regular form of government.

2. Impolitic; imprudent. [Obs.] Shak.

UNPOLISH
Un*pol"ish, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + polish.]

Defn: To deprive of polish; to make impolite.

UNPOLITE
Un`po*lite", a.

Defn: Not polite; impolite; rude.
 -- Un`po*lite"ly, adv.
 -- Un`po*lite"ness, n.

UNPOLITIC
Un*pol"i*tic, a.

Defn: Impolitic; imprudent.

UNPOLLED
Un*polled", a.

Defn: Not polled. Specifically:
(a) Not enumerated or registered; as, an unpolled vote or voter.
(b) Not plundered. [Obs.] "Unpoll'd Arabian wealth." Fanshawe.

UNPOPE
Un*pope", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + pope.]

1. To divest of the character, office, or authority of a pope.

2. To deprive of a pope. [Obs.]
Rome will never so far unpope herself as to part with her pretended
supremacy. Fuller.

UNPORTUNATE
Un*por"tu*nate, a.

Defn: Importunate; troublesome with requests. [Obs.] Golden Boke.

UNPORTUOUS
Un*por"tu*ous, a.

Defn: Having no ports. [Obs.] "An unportuous coast." Burke.

UNPOSSESS
Un`pos*sess", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + possess.]

Defn: To be without, or to resign, possession of. [Obs.]

UNPOSSIBILITY
Un*pos`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Impossibility. [R.] "Utter unpossibility." Poe.

UNPOSSIBLE
Un*pos"si*ble, a.

Defn: Impossible. [R.]

UNPOWER
Un*pow"er, n.

Defn: Want of power; weakness. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

UNPOWERFUL
Un*pow"er*ful, a.

Defn: Not powerful; weak. Cowley.

UNPRACTICABLE
Un*prac"ti*ca*ble, a.

Defn: Impracticable; not feasible.

UNPRACTICAL
Un*prac"ti*cal, a.

Defn: Not practical; impractical. "Unpractical questions." H. James.
I like him none the less for being unpractical. Lowell.

UNPRAISE
Un*praise", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + praise.]

Defn: To withhold praise from; to deprive of praise. [R.]

UNPRAY
Un*pray, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + pray.]

Defn: To revoke or annul by prayer, as something previously prayed
for. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

UNPRAYABLE
Un*pray"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not to be influenced or moved by prayers; obdurate. [R.]
Wyclif.

UNPRAYED
Un*prayed", a. Etym: [With for.]

Defn: Not prayed for. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

UNPREACH
Un*preach", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + preach.]

Defn: To undo or overthrow by preaching. [R.] De Foe.

UNPRECEDENTED
Un*prec"e*dent*ed, a.

Defn: Having no precedent or example; not preceded by a like case;
not having the authority of prior example; novel; new; unexampled.
 -- Un*prec"e*dent*ed*ly, adv.

UNPREDICT
Un`pre*dict", v. i. Etym: [1st pref. un- + predict.]

Defn: To retract or falsify a previous prediction. Milton.

UNPREJUDICED
Un*prej"u*diced, a.

1. Not prejudiced; free from undue bias or prepossession; not
preoccupied by opinion; impartial; as, an unprejudiced mind; an
unprejudiced judge.

2. Not warped or biased by prejudice; as, an unprejudiced judgment.
 -- Un*prej"u*diced*ness, n. V. Knox.

UNPRELATED
Un*prel"a*ted, a. Etym: [1st pref. un- + prelate.]

Defn: Deposed from the office of prelate.

UNPREVENTED
Un`pre*vent"ed, a.

1. Not prevented or hindered; as, unprevented sorrows. Shak.

2. Not preceded by anything. [Obs.] Milton.

UNPRICED
Un*priced", a.

Defn: Not priced; being without a fixed or certain value; also,
priceless. "Amethyst unpriced." Neale (Rhythm of St. Bernard).

UNPRIEST
Un*priest", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + priest.]

Defn: To deprive of priesthood; to unfrock. [R.] Milton.

UNPRINCE
Un*prince", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + prince.]

Defn: To deprive of the character or authority of a prince; to divest
of principality of sovereignty. [R.] Swift.

UNPRINCIPLE
Un*prin"ci*ple, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + principle.]

Defn: To destroy the moral principles of. [R.]

UNPRINCIPLED
Un*prin"ci*pled, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + principled.]

Defn: Being without principles; especially, being without right moral
principles; also, characterized by absence of principle.
 -- Un*prin"ci*pled*ness, n.

UNPRISON
Un*pris"on, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + prison.]

Defn: To take or deliver from prison.

UNPRIZABLE
Un*priz"a*ble, a.

1. Not prized or valued; being without value. [Obs.]

2. Invaluable; being beyond estimation. [Obs.]

UNPROBABLY
Un*prob"a*bly, adv. Etym: [Pref. un- not + probably.]

Defn: Improbably.

UNPROBABLY
Un*prob"a*bly, adv. Etym: [Un- + L. probabilis approvable, fr.
probare to approve. Cf. Probable.]

Defn: In a manner not to be approved of; improperly. [Obs. & R.]
To diminish, by the authority of wise and knowing men, things
unjustly and unprobably crept in. Strype.

UNPROFICIENCY
Un`pro*fi"cien*cy, n.

Defn: Want of proficiency or improvement. Bp. Hall.

UNPROFIT
Un*prof"it, n.

Defn: Want of profit; unprofitableness. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNPROFITED
Un*prof"it*ed, a.

Defn: Profitless. [R.] Shak.

UNPROMISE
Un*prom"ise, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + promise.]

Defn: To revoke or annul, as a promise. Chapman.

UNPROP
Un*prop", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + prop.]

Defn: To remove a prop or props from; to deprive of support.

UNPROPER
Un*prop"er, a.

Defn: Not proper or peculiar; improper. [Obs.] -- Un*prop"er*ly, adv.
[Obs.]

UNPROSELYTE
Un*pros"e*lyte, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + proselyte.]

Defn: To convert or recover from the state of a proselyte. Fuller.

UNPROTESTANTIZE
Un*prot"es*tant*ize, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + protestantize.]

Defn: To render other than Protestant; to cause to change from
Protestantism to some other form of religion; to deprive of some
Protestant feature or characteristic.
The attempt to unprotestantize the Church of England. Froude.

UNPROVIDE
Un`pro*vide, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + provide.]

Defn: To deprive of necessary provision; to unfurnish.
Lest her . . . beauty unprovide my mind again. Shak.

UNPROVIDENT
Un*prov"i*dent, a.

Defn: Improvident. [Obs.] "Who for thyself art so unprovident.' Shak.

UNPRUDENCE
Un*pru"dence, n.

Defn: Imprudence. [Obs.]

UNPRUDENT
Un*pru"dent, a.

Defn: Imprudent. [Obs.]

UNPRUDENTIAL
Un`pru*den"tial, a.

Defn: Imprudent. [Obs.] "The most unwise and unprudential act."
Milton.

UNPUCKER
Un*puck"er, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + pucker.]

Defn: To smooth away the puckers or wrinkles of.

UNPURE
Un*pure", a.

Defn: Not pure; impure.
 -- Un*pure"ly, adv.
 -- Un*pure"ness, n.

UNPURSED
Un*pursed", a. Etym: [1st pref. un- + purse + -ed.]

1. Robbed of a purse, or of money. [R.] Pollock.

2. Taken from the purse; expended. [Obs.] Gower.

UNQUALIFY
Un*qual"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + quality.]

Defn: To disqualify; to unfit. Swift.

UNQUALITIED
Un*qual"i*tied, a. Etym: [1st pref. un- + quality.]

Defn: Deprived of the usual faculties. [Obs.] Shak.

UNQUEEN
Un*queen", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + queen.]

Defn: To divest of the rank or authority of queen. Shak.

UNQUESTIONABLE
Un*ques"tion*a*ble, a.

1. Not questionable; as, an unquestionable title.

2. Not inviting questions or conversation. [R.] Shak.
 -- Un*ques"tion*a*bly, adv.

UNQUESTIONED
Un*ques"tioned, a.

1. Not called in question; not doubted.

2. Not interrogated; having no questions asked; not examined or
examined into. Shak.
She muttering prayers, as holy rites she meant, Through the divided
crowd unquestioned went. Dryden.

3. Indisputable; not to be opposed or impugned.
Their unquestioned pleasures must be served. B. Jonson.

UNQUICK
Un*quick", a.

Defn: Not quick. [R.] Daniel.

UNQUIET
Un*qui"et, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + quiet.]

Defn: To disquiet. [Obs.] Ld. Herbert.

UNQUIET
Un*qui"et, a. Etym: [Pref. un- + quiet.]

Defn: Not quiet; restless; uneasy; agitated; disturbed.
 -- Un*qui"et*ly, adv.
 -- Un*qui"et*ness, n.

UNQUIETUDE
Un*qui"e*tude, n.

Defn: Uneasiness; inquietude.

UNRAVEL
Un*rav"el, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- (intensive) + ravel.]

1. To disentangle; to disengage or separate the threads of; as, to
unravel a stocking.

2. Hence, to clear from complication or difficulty; to unfold; to
solve; as, to unravel a plot.

3. To separate the connected or united parts of; to throw into
disorder; to confuse. "Art shall be conjured for it, and nature all
unraveled." Dryden.

UNRAVEL
Un*rav"el, v. i.

Defn: To become unraveled, in any sense.

UNRAVELMENT
Un*rav"el*ment, n.

Defn: The act of unraveling, or the state of being unraveled.

UNRAZORED
Un*ra"zored, a.

Defn: Not shaven. [R.] Milton.

UNREAD
Un*read", a.

1. Not read or perused; as, an unread book. Hooker.

2. Not versed in literature; illiterate. Dryden.

UNREADINESS
Un*read"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unready.

UNREADY
Un*read"y, a.

1. Not ready or prepared; not prompt; slow; awkward; clumsy. Dryden.
Nor need the unready virgin strike her breast. Keble.

2. Not dressed; undressed. [Obs.]

UNREADY
Un*read"y, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + ready.]

Defn: To undress. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

UNREAL
Un*re"al, a.

Defn: Not real; unsubstantial; fanciful; ideal.

UNREALITY
Un`re*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unreal; want of reality.

UNREALIZE
Un*re"al*ize, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + realize.]

Defn: To make unreal; to idealize.
His fancy . . . unrealizes everything at a touch. Lowell.

UNREALLY
Un*re"al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an unreal manner; ideally.

UNREASON
Un*rea"son, n. Etym: [Pref. un- not + reason.]

Defn: Want of reason; unreasonableness; absurdity. Abbot of Unreason.
See Abbot of Misrule, under Abbot.

UNREASON
Un*rea"son, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + reason.]

Defn: To undo, disprove, or refute by reasoning. [Obs.]
To unreason the equity of God's proceedings. South.

UNREASONABLE
Un*rea"son*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not reasonable; irrational; immoderate; exorbitant.
 -- Un*rea"son*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Un*rea"son*a*bly, adv.

UNREASONED
Un*rea"soned, a.

Defn: Not supported by reason; unreasonable. "Unreasoned habits."
Burke.

UNREAVE
Un*reave", v. t. Etym: [See Unreeve.]

Defn: To unwind; to disentangle; to loose. [Obs.] Spenser.

UNREAVED
Un*reaved", a. Etym: [See Un- not, and, for -reaved, cf. Rive, and
AS. reófan to break.]

Defn: Not torn, split, or parted; not torn to pieces. [Obs.] Bp.
Hall.

UNREBUKABLE
Un`re*buk"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not deserving rebuke or censure; blameless. 1 Tim. vi. 14.

UNRECURING
Un`re*cur"ing, a.

Defn: Incurable. [Obs.] "Some unrecuring wound." Shak.

UNREDEEMED
Un`re*deemed", a.

Defn: Not redeemed.

UNREEVE
Un*reeve", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + reeve, v. t.] (Naut.)

Defn: To withdraw, or take out, as a rope from a block, thimble, or
the like.

UNREFORMATION
Un*ref`or*ma"tion, n.

Defn: Want of reformation; state of being unreformed. [Obs.] Bp.
Hall.

UNREGENERACY
Un`re*gen"er*a*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unregenerate. Glanvill.

UNREGENERATE; UNREGENERATED
Un`re*gen"er*ate, Un`re*gen"er*a`ted, a.

Defn: Not regenerated; not renewed in heart; remaining or being at
enmity with God.

UNREGENERATION
Un`re*gen`er*a"tion, n.

Defn: Unregeneracy.

UNREIN
Un*rein", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + rein.]

Defn: To loosen the reins of; to remove restraint from. Addison.

UNRELENTING
Un`re*lent"ing, a.

Defn: Not relenting; unyielding; rigid; hard; stern; cruel.
 -- Un`re*lent"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Un`re*lent"ing*ness, n.

UNRELIABLE
Un`re*li"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not reliable; untrustworthy. See Reliable.
 -- Un`re*li"a*ble*ness, n.
Alcibiades . . . was too unsteady, and (according to Mr. Coleridge's
coinage) "unreliable;" or perhaps, in more correct English, too
"unrelyuponable." De Quincey.

UNRELIGIOUS
Un`re*li"gious, a.

Defn: Irreligious. Wordsworth.

UNREMEMBRANCE
Un`re*mem"brance, n.

Defn: Want of remembrance; forgetfulness. I. Watts.

UNREMITTING
Un`re*mit"ting, a.

Defn: Not remitting; incessant; continued; persevering; as,
unremitting exertions. Cowper.
 -- Un`re*mit"ting*ly, adv.
 -- Un`re*mit"ting*ness, n.

UNREMORSELESS
Un`re*morse"less, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not (intensive) + remorseless.]

Defn: Utterly remorseless. [Obs. & R.] "Unremorseless death." Cowley.

UNREPENTANCE
Un`re*pent"ance, n.

Defn: Impenitence. [R.]

UNREPRIEVABLE
Un`re*priev"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being reprieved. Shak.

UNREPROACHABLE
Un`re*proach"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not liable to be reproached; irreproachable.

UNREPROVED
Un`re*proved, a.

1. Not reproved. Sandys.

2. Not having incurred reproof, blameless. [Obs.]
In unreproved pleasures free. Milton.

UNREPUTABLE
Un*rep"u*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Disreputable.

UNRESERVE
Un`re*serve", n.

Defn: Absence of reverse; frankness; freedom of communication. T.
Warton.

UNRESERVED
Un`re*served", a.

Defn: Not reserved; not kept back; not withheld in part;
unrestrained.
 -- Un`re*serv"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Un`re*serv"ed*ness, n.

UNRESISTANCE
Un`re*sist"ance, n.

Defn: Nonresistance; passive submission; irresistance. Bp. Hall.

UNRESISTED
Un`re*sist"ed, a.

1. Not resisted; unopposed. Bentley.

2. Resistless; as, unresisted fate. [R.] Pope.

UNRESISTIBLE
Un`re*sist"i*ble, a.

Defn: Irresistible. W. Temple.

UNRESPECT
Un`re*spect", n.

Defn: Disrespect. [Obs.] "Unrespect of her toil." Bp. Hall.

UNRESPONSIBLE
Un`re*spon"si*ble, a.

Defn: Irresponsible. Fuller.
 -- Un`re*spon"si*ble*ness, n.

UNREST
Un*rest", n.

Defn: Want of rest or repose; unquietness; sleeplessness; uneasiness;
disquietude.
Is this, quoth she, the cause of your unrest! Chaucer.
Can calm despair and wild unrest Be tenants of a single breast
Tennyson.

UNRESTRAINT
Un`re*straint", n.

Defn: Freedom from restraint; freedom; liberty; license.

UNRESTY
Un*rest"y, a.

Defn: Causing unrest; disquieting; as, unresty sorrows. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

UNREVENUED
Un*rev"e*nued, a.

Defn: Not furnished with a revenue. [R.] Milton.

UNREVERENCE
Un*rev"er*ence, n.

Defn: Absence or lack of reverence; irreverence. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNREVEREND
Un*rev"er*end, a.

1. Not reverend.

2. Disrespectful; irreverent. [Obs.] Shak.

UNREVERENT
Un*rev"er*ent, a.

Defn: Irreverent. [R.] Shak.

UNREVERENTLY
Un*rev"er*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: Irreverently. [R.] B. Jonson.

UNRIDDLE
Un*rid"dle, v. t. & i. Etym: [1st pref. un- + riddle.]

Defn: To read the riddle of; to solve or explain; as, to unriddle an
enigma or a mystery. Macaulay.
And where you can't unriddle, learn to trust. Parnell.

UNRIDDLER
Un*rid"dler, n.

Defn: One who unriddles. Lovelace.

UNRIG
Un*rig", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + rig.] (Naut.)

Defn: To strip of rigging; as, to unrig a ship. Totten.

UNRIGHT
Un*right", a. Etym: [AS. unriht. See Un- not, and Right.]

Defn: Not right; wrong. [Obs.] Gower.

UNRIGHT
Un*right", n.

Defn: A wrong. [Obs.]
Nor did I you never unright. Chaucer.

UNRIGHT
Un*right", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + right.]

Defn: To cause (something right) to become wrong. [Obs.] Gower.

UNRIGHTEOUS
Un*right"eous, a. Etym: [OE. unrightwise, AS. unrihtwis. See Un- not,
and Righteous.]

1. Not righteous; evil; wicked; sinful; as, an unrighteous man.

2. Contrary to law and equity; unjust; as, an unrighteous decree or
sentence.
 -- Un*right"eous*ly, adv.
 -- Un*right"eous*ness, n.

UNRIGHTWISE
Un*right"wise`, a.

Defn: Unrighteous. [Obs.] Wyclif.
 -- Un*right"wise`ly, adv. [Obs.]

UNRINGED
Un*ringed", a.

Defn: Not having a ring, as in the nose. "Pigs unringed." Hudibras.

UNRIOTED
Un*ri"ot*ed, a.

Defn: Free from rioting. [Obs.] "A chaste, unrioted house." May
(Lucan).

UNRIP
Un*rip", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- (intensive) + rip.]

Defn: To rip; to cut open. Bacon.

UNRIPE
Un*ripe", a.

1. Not ripe; as, unripe fruit.

2. Developing too early; premature. Sir P. Sidney.

UNRIPENESS
Un*ripe"ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being unripe.

UNRIVALED
Un*ri"valed, a.

Defn: Having no rival; without a competitor; peerless. [Spelt also
unrivalled.] Pope.

UNRIVET
Un*riv"et, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + rivet.]

Defn: To take out, or loose, the rivets of; as, to unrivet boiler
plates.

UNROBE
Un*robe", v. t. & i. Etym: [1st pref. un- + robe.]

Defn: To disrobe; to undress; to take off the robes.

UNROLL
Un*roll", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + roll.] [Written also unrol.]

1. To open, as what is rolled or convolved; as, to unroll cloth; to
unroll a banner.

2. To display; to reveal. Dryden.

3. To remove from a roll or register, as a name.
If I make not this cheat bring out another . . . let me be unrolled
and my name put in the book of virtue! Shak.

UN-ROMANIZED
Un-Ro"man*ized, a.

1. Not subjected to Roman arms or customs. J. Whitaker.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: Not subjected to the principles or usages of the Roman Catholic
Church.

UNROOF
Un*roof", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + roof.]

Defn: To strip off the roof or covering of, as a house. Shak.

UNROOFED
Un*roofed", a.

1. Etym: [Properly p. p. of unroof.]

Defn: Stripped of a roof, or similar covering.
Broken carriages, dead horses, unroofed cottages, all indicated the
movements. Sir W. Scott.

2. Etym: [Pref. un- not + roofed.]

Defn: Not yet roofed.

UNROOST
Un*roost", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + roost.]

Defn: To drive from the roost. Shak.

UNROOT
Un*root", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + root.]

Defn: To tear up by the roots; to eradicate; to uproot.

UNROOT
Un*root", v. i.

Defn: To be torn up by the roots. Beau. & Fl.

UNRUDE
Un*rude", a. Etym: [Pref. un- + rude. In sense 2 un- is intensive.]

1. Not rude; polished. Herrick.

2. Excessively rude. [Obs. & R.] "See how the unrude rascal backbites
him." B. Jonson.

UNRUFFLE
Un*ruf"fle, v. i. Etym: [1st pref. un- + ruffle.]

Defn: To cease from being ruffled or agitated. Dryden.

UNRUFFLED
Un*ruf"fled, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + ruffled.]

Defn: Not ruffled or agitated; smooth; calm; tranquil; quiet.
Calm and unruffled as a summer's sea. Addison.

UNRUINATE; UNRUINATED
Un*ru"in*ate, Un*ru"in*a`ted, a.

Defn: Not ruined or destroyed. [Obs.] "Unruinated towers." Bp. Hall.

UNRULED
Un*ruled", a.

1. Not governed or controlled. "Unruled and undirected." Spenser.

2. Not ruled or marked with lines; as, unruled paper.

UNRULIMENT
Un*rul"i*ment, n.

Defn: Unruliness. [Obs.] "Breaking forth with rude unruliment."
Spenser.

UNRULINESS
Un*rul"i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state unruly.

UNRULY
Un*rul"y, a. [Compar. Unrulier (, superl. Unruliest.] Etym: [Pref.
un- not + rule. Cf. Ruly.]

Defn: Not submissive to rule; disregarding restraint; disposed to
violate; turbulent; ungovernable; refractory; as, an unruly boy;
unruly boy; unruly conduct.
But the tongue can no man tame; it is an unruly evil, full of deadly
poison. James iii. 8.

UNRUMPLE
Un*rum"ple, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + rumple.]

Defn: To free from rumples; to spread or lay even,

UNSACRAMENT
Un*sac"ra*ment, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + sacrament.]

Defn: To deprive of sacramental character or efficacy; as, to
unsacrament the rite of baptism. [Obs.]

UNSAD
Un*sad", a. Etym: [AS. unsæd unsated, insatiable. See Un- not, and
Sad.]

Defn: Unsteady; fickle. [Obs.]
O, stormy people, unsad and ever untrue. Chaucer.

UNSADDEN
Un*sad"den, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + sadden.]

Defn: To relieve from sadness; to cheer. [R.] Whitlock.

UNSADDLE
Un*sad"dle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + saddle.]

1. To strip of a saddle; to take the saddle from, as a horse.

2. To throw from the saddle; to unhorse.

UNSADNESS
Un*sad"ness, n. Etym: [From Unsad.]

Defn: Infirmity; weakness. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNSAFETY
Un*safe"ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being in peril; absence of safety;
insecurity. Bacon.

UNSAINT
Un*saint", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + saint.]

Defn: To deprive of saintship; to deny sanctity to. [R.] South.

UNSAINTLY
Un*saint"ly, a.

Defn: Unbecoming to a saint. Gauden.

UNSALABLE
Un*sal"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not salable; unmerchantable.
 -- n.

Defn: That which can not be sold. Byron.

UNSANCTIFICATION
Un*sanc`ti*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Absence or lack of sanctification. Shak.

UNSATIABILITY
Un*sa`ti*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Quality of being unsatiable; insatiability. [Obs.]

UNSATIABLE
Un*sa"ti*a*ble, a.

Defn: Insatiable. [Obs.] Hooker.
 -- Un*sa"ti*a*ble*ness, n. [Obs.] -- Un*sa"ti*a*bly, adv. [Obs.]

UNSATIATE
Un*sa"ti*ate, a.

Defn: Insatiate. Dr. H. More.

UNSATISFACTION
Un*sat`is*fac"tion, n.

Defn: Dissatisfaction. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

UNSATURATED
Un*sat"u*ra`ted, a.

1. Capable of absorbing or dissolving to a greater degree; as, an
unsaturated solution.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Capable of taking up, or of uniting with, certain other
elements or compounds, without the elimination of any side product;
thus, aldehyde, ethylene, and ammonia are unsaturated.

UNSATURATION
Un*sat`u*ra"tion, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unsaturated.

UNSAY
Un*say, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + say.]

Defn: To recant or recall, as what has been said; to refract; to take
back again; to make as if not said.
You can say and unsay things at pleasure. Goldsmith.

UNSCALE
Un*scale", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + scale.]

Defn: To divest of scales; to remove scales from.
[An eagle] purging and unscaling her long-abused sight at the
fountain itself of heavenly radiance. Milton.

UNSCAPABLE
Un*scap"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not be escaped; inevitable. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNSCEPTERED; UNSCEPTRED
Un*scep"tered, Un*scep"tred, a.

1. Etym: [Pref. un- not + sceptered.]

Defn: Having no scepter.

2. Etym: [1st pref. un- + scepter.]

Defn: Deprived of a scepter.

UNSCIENCE
Un*sci"ence, n.

Defn: Want of science or knowledge; ignorance. [Obs.]
If that any wight ween a thing to be otherwise than it is, it is not
only unscience, but it is deceivable opinion. Chaucer.

UNSCREW
Un*screw", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + screw.]

Defn: To draw the screws from; to loose from screws; to loosen or
withdraw (anything, as a screw) by turning it.

UNSCRUPULOUS
Un*scru"pu*lous, a.

Defn: Not scrupulous; unprincipled.
 -- Un*scru"pu*lous*ly, adv.
 -- Un*scru"pu*lous*ness, n.

UNSCRUTABLE
Un*scru"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Inscrutable. [R.]

UNSCUTCHEONED
Un*scutch"eoned, a.

Defn: Destitute of an escutcheon. [R.] Pollock.

UNSEAL
Un*seal", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + seal.]

1. To break or remove the seal of; to open, as what is sealed; as, to
unseal a letter.
Unable to unseal his lips beyond the width of a quarter of an inch.
Sir W. Scott.

2. To disclose, as a secret. [Obs.] The Coronation.

UNSEAM
Un*seam, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + seam.]

Defn: To open the seam or seams of; to rip; to cut; to cut open.
Shak.

UNSEARCHABLE
Un*search"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not searchable; inscrutable; hidden; mysterious.
The counsels of God are to us unsearchable. Rogers.
-- Un*search"a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Un*search"a*bly, adv.

UNSEASON
Un*sea"son, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + season.]

1. To make unseasoned; to deprive of seasoning.

2. To strike unseasonably; to affect disagreeably or unfavorably.
[Obs.]
Why do I send this rustic madrigal, That may thy tuneful ear unseason
quite Spenser.

UNSEASONABLE
Un*sea"son*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not seasonable; being, done, or occurring out of the proper
season; ill-timed; untimely; too early or too late; as, he called at
an unseasonable hour; unseasonable advice; unseasonable frosts;
unseasonable food.
 -- Un*sea"son*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Un*sea"son*a*bly, adv.

UNSEASONED
Un*sea"soned, a.

1. Not seasoned.

2. Untimely; ill-timed. [Obs.] Shak.

UNSEAT
Un*seat", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + seat.]

1. To throw from one's seat; to deprive of a seat. Cowper.

2. Specifically, to deprive of the right to sit in a legislative
body, as for fraud in election. Macaulay.

UNSECONDED
Un*sec"ond*ed, a.

1. Not seconded; not supported, aided, or assisted; as, the motion
was unseconded; the attempt was unseconded.

2. Not exemplified a second time. [Obs.] "Strange and unseconded
shapes of worms." Sir T. Browne.

UNSECRET
Un*se"cret, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + secret.]

Defn: To disclose; to divulge. [Obs.] Bacon.

UNSECRET
Un*se"cret, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + secret.]

Defn: Not secret; not close; not trusty; indiscreet. [Obs.] "We are
unsecret to ourselves." Shak.

UNSECULARIZE
Un*sec"u*lar*ize, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + secularize.]

Defn: To cause to become not secular; to detach from secular things;
to alienate from the world.

UNSECURE
Un`se*cure", a.

Defn: Insecure. [R.] Milton.

UNSEEL
Un*seel", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + seel.]

Defn: To open, as the eyes of a hawk that have been seeled; hence, to
give light to; to enlighten. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

UNSEEM
Un*seem", v. i. Etym: [1st pref. un- + seem.]

Defn: Not to seem. [Obs.] Shak.

UNSEEMING
Un*seem"ing, a.

Defn: Unbeseeming; not fit or becoming.

UNSEEMLINESS
Un*seem"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unseemly; unbecomingness. Udall.

UNSEEMLY
Un*seem"ly, a.

Defn: Not seemly; unbecoming; indecent.
An unseemly outbreak of temper. Hawthorne.

UNSEEMLY
Un*seem"ly, adv.

Defn: In an unseemly manner.

UNSEEN
Un*seen", a.

1. Not seen or discovered.

2. Unskilled; inexperienced. [Obs.] Clarendon.

UNSELDOM
Un*sel"dom, adv.

Defn: Not seldom; frequently. [R.]

UNSELY
Un*se"ly, a. Etym: [AS. uns. See Un- not, and Silly.]

Defn: Not blessed or happy; wretched; unfortunate. [Written also
unsilly.] [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- Un*se"li*ness, n. [Obs.] Chaucer.

UNSEMINARED
Un*sem"i*nared, a. Etym: [See 1st Un-, and Semen.]

Defn: Deprived of virility, or seminal energy; made a eunuch. [Obs.]

UNSENSED
Un*sensed, a.

Defn: Wanting a distinct meaning; having no certain signification.
[R.] Puller.

UNSENSIBLE
Un*sen"si*ble, a.

Defn: Insensible. [Obs.]

UNSENSUALIZE
Un*sen"su*al*ize, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + sensualize.]

Defn: To elevate from the domain of the senses; to purify. Coleridge.

UNSEPARABLE
Un*sep"a*ra*ble, a.

Defn: Inseparable. [Obs.] "In love unseparable." Shak.

UNSERVICE
Un*serv"ice, n.

Defn: Neglect of duty; idleness; indolence. [Obs.] Massinger.

UNSET
Un*set", a.

Defn: Not set; not fixed or appointed.

UNSETTLE
Un*set"tle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + settle.]

Defn: To move or loosen from a settled position or state; to unfix;
to displace; to disorder; to confuse.

UNSETTLE
Un*set"tle, v. i.

Defn: To become unsettled or unfixed; to be disordered. Shak.

UNSETTLEDNESS
Un*set"tled*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unsettled.

UNSETTLEMENT
Un*set"tle*ment, n.

Defn: The act of unsettling, or state of being unsettled;
disturbance. J. H. Newman.

UNSEVEN
Un*sev"en, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + seven.]

Defn: To render other than seven; to make to be no longer seven.
[Obs. & R.] "To unseven the sacraments of the church of Rome."
Fuller.

UNSEW
Un*sew", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + sew.]

Defn: To undo, as something sewn, or something inclosed by sewing; to
rip apart; to take out the stitches of.

UNSEX
Un*sex", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unsexed; p. pr. & vb. n. Unsexing.]
Etym: [1st pref. un- + sex.]

Defn: To deprive of sex, or of qualities becoming to one's sex; esp.,
to make unfeminine in character, manners, duties, or the like; as, to
unsex a woman.

UNSEXUAL
Un*sex"u*al, a.

Defn: Not sexual; not proper or peculiar to one of the sexes. De
Quincey.

UNSHACKLE
Un*shac"kle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + shackle.]

Defn: To loose from shackles or bonds; to set free from restraint; to
unfetter. Addison.

UNSHAKABLE
Un*shak"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being shaken; firm; fixed. Shak. J. S. Mill.

UNSHAKED
Un*shaked", a.

Defn: Unshaken. [Obs.] Shak.

UNSHALE
Un*shale", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + shale.]

Defn: To strip the shale, or husk, from; to uncover. [Obs.]
I will not unshale the jest before it be ripe. Marston.

UNSHAPE
Un*shape, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + shape.]

Defn: To deprive of shape, or of proper shape; to disorder; to
confound; to derange. [R.] Shak.

UNSHAPED; UNSHAPEN
Un*shaped", Un*shap"en, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + shaped, shapen.]

Defn: Not shaped; shapeless; misshapen; deformed; ugly.

UNSHEATHE
Un*sheathe", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + sheath.]

Defn: To deprive of a sheath; to draw from the sheath or scabbard, as
a sword. To unsheathe the sword, to make war.

UNSHED
Un*shed", a.

1. Not parted or divided, as the hair. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Not spilt, or made to flow, as blood or tears. Milton.

UNSHELL
Un*shell", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + shell.]

Defn: To strip the shell from; to take out of the shell; to hatch.

UNSHELVE
Un*shelve", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + shelve.]

Defn: To remove from, or as from, a shelf.

UNSHENT
Un*shent, a.

Defn: Not shent; not disgraced; blameless. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

UNSHERIFF
Un*sher"iff, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + sheriff.]

Defn: To depose from the office of sheriff. [R.]

UNSHET
Un*shet", v. t.

Defn: To unshut. [Obs.] Chaucer.

UNSHIFTABLE
Un*shift"a*ble, a.

1. That may

2. Shiftless; helpless. [Obs.]

UNSHIP
Un*ship", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + ship.]

1. To take out of a ship or vessel; as, to unship goods.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To remove or detach, as any part or implement, from its proper
position or connection when in use; as, to unship an oar; to unship
capstan bars; to unship the tiller.

UNSHIPMENT
Un*ship"ment, n.

Defn: The act of unshipping, or the state of being unshipped;
displacement.

UNSHOT
Un*shot", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + shot.]

Defn: To remove the shot from, as from a shotted gun; to unload.

UNSHOT
Un*shot", a. Etym: [Pref. un- + shot.]

Defn: Not hit by a shot; also, not discharged or fired off.

UNSHOUT
Un*shout", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + shout.]

Defn: To recall what is done by shouting. [Obs.] Shak.

UNSHROUD
Un*shroud" (, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + shroud.]

Defn: To remove the shroud from; to uncover. P. Fletcher.

UNSHRUBBED
Un*shrubbed", a.

Defn: Being without shrubs.

UNSHUT
Un*shut", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + shut.]

Defn: To open, or throw open. [Obs.] Chaucer.

UNSHUTTER
Un*shut"ter, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + shutter.]

Defn: To open or remove the shutters of. T. Hughes.

UNSIGHT
Un*sight", a.

Defn: Doing or done without sight; not seeing or examining. [Colloq.]
Unsight unseen, a colloquial phrase, denoting unseeing unseen, or
unseen repeated; as, to buy a thing unsight unseen, that is, without
seeing it.
For to subscribe, unsight, unseen, To a new church discipline.
Hudibras.
There was a great confluence of chapmen, that resorted from every
part, with a design to purchase, which they were to do "unsight
unseen." Spectator.

UNSIGHTABLE
Un*sight"a*ble, a.

Defn: Invisible. [Obs.]

UNSIGHTED
Un*sight"ed, a.

1. Not sighted, or seen. Suckling.

2. (Gun.)

Defn: Not aimed by means of a sight; also, not furnished with a
sight, or with a properly adjusted sight; as, to shoot and unsighted
rife or cannon.

UNSIGNIFICANT
Un`sig*nif"i*cant, a.

Defn: Insignificant. [Obs.] Holland.

UNSILLY
Un*sil"ly, a.

Defn: See Unsely. [Obs.]

UNSIMPLICITY
Un`sim*plic"i*ty, n.

Defn: Absence of simplicity; artfulness. C. Kingsley.

UNSIN
Un*sin", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + sin.]

Defn: To deprive of sinfulness, as a sin; to make sinless. [Obs.]
Feltham.

UNSINCERE
Un`sin*cere", a.

Defn: Not sincere or pure; insincere. [Obs.] Dryden.
 -- Un`sin*cere"ness, n. [Obs.]

UNSINCERITY
Un`sin*cer"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unsincere or impure; insincerity.
[Obs.] Boyle.

UNSINEW
Un*sin"ew, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + sinew.]

Defn: To deprive of sinews or of strength. [R.] Dryden.

UNSISTER
Un*sis"ter, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + sister.]

Defn: To separate, as sisters; to disjoin. [Poetic & R.] Tennyson.

UNSISTERLY
Un*sis"ter*ly, a.

Defn: Not sisterly. Richardson.

UNSISTING
Un*sist"ing, a.

Defn: Unresisting. [Obs.] "The unsisting postern." Shak.

UNSITTING
Un*sit"ting, a.

Defn: Not sitting well; unbecoming. [Obs.] "Unsitting words." Sir T.
More.

UNSKILL
Un*skill", n.

Defn: Want of skill; ignorance; unskillfulness. [Obs.] Sylvester.

UNSKILLFUL
Un*skill"ful, a. Etym: [Spelt also unskilful.]

1. Not skillful; inexperienced; awkward; bungling; as, an unskillful
surgeon or mechanic; an unskillful logician.

2. Lacking discernment; injudicious; ignorant.
Though it make the unskillful laugh, can not but make the judicious
grieve. Shak.
-- Un*skill"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Un*skill"ful*ness, n.

UNSLACKED
Un*slacked", a.

Defn: Not slacked; unslaked; as, unslacked lime.

UNSLAKED
Un*slaked", a.

Defn: Not slaked; unslacked; as, an unslaked thirst; unslaked lime.

UNSLING
Un*sling", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + sling.] (Naut.)

Defn: To take off the slings of, as a yard, a cask, or the like; to
release from the slings. Totten.

UNSLUICE
Un*sluice", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + sluice.]

Defn: To sluice; to open the sluice or sluices of; to let flow; to
discharge. Dryden.

UNSOCIABILITY
Un*so`cia*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unsociable; unsociableness.

UNSOCIABLE
Un*so"cia*ble, a.

Defn: Not sociable; not inclined to society; averse to companionship
or conversation; solitary; reserved; as, an unsociable person or
temper.
 -- Un*so"cia*ble*ness, n.
 -- Un*so"cia*bly, adv.

UNSOCKET
Un*sock"et, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + socket.]

Defn: To loose or take from a socket.

UNSOFT
Un*soft", a.

Defn: Not soft; hard; coarse; rough. [Obs.] "Bristles of his beard
unsoft." Chaucer.

UNSOFT
Un*soft", adv. Etym: [AS. uns. See Un- not, and Soft.]

Defn: Not softly. [Obs.]
Great climbers fall unsoft. Spenser.

UNSOLDER
Un*sol"der, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + solder.]

Defn: To separate or disunite, as what has been soldered; hence, to
divide; to sunder. [Formerly written also unsoder.] Tennyson.

UNSOLDIERED
Un*sol"diered, a.

Defn: Not equipped like a soldier; unsoldierlike. [Obs.] J. Fletcher.

UNSOLEMNIZE
Un*sol"em*nize, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + solemnize.]

Defn: To divest of solemnity.

UNSONABLE
Un*so"na*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. un- + L. sonabilis sounding, from
sonare to sound.]

Defn: Incapable of being sounded. [Obs.]

UNSONSY
Un*son"sy, a. Etym: [See Un- not, and Soncy.]

Defn: Not soncy (sonsy); not fortunate. [Scot.]

UNSOOT
Un*soot", a. Etym: [AS. unsw. See Un- not, and Sweet.]

Defn: Not sweet. [Obs.] Spenser.

UNSOPHISTICATE; UNSOPHISTICATED
Un`so*phis"ti*cate, Un`so*phis"ti*ca`ted, a.

Defn: Not sophisticated; pure; innocent; genuine.
 -- Un`so*phis"ti*ca`ted*ness, n.

UNSORROWED
Un*sor"rowed, a.

Defn: Not sorrowed for; unlamented. Beau. & Fl.

UNSORTED
Un*sort"ed, a.

1. Not sorted; not classified; as, a lot of unsorted goods.

2. Not well selected; ill-chosen.
The purpose you undertake is dangerous; the friends you named
uncertain; the time itself unsorted. Shak.

UNSOUL
Un*soul", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + soul.]

Defn: To deprive of soul, spirit, or principle. [R.] Shelton.

UNSOUND
Un*sound", a.

Defn: Not sound; not whole; not solid; defective; infirm; diseased.
 -- Un*sound"ly, adv.
 -- Un*sound"ness, n.

UNSPAR
Un*spar", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + spar.]

Defn: To take the spars, stakes, or bars from. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

UNSPARING
Un*spar"ing, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + sparing, p. pr. of spare.]

1. Not sparing; not parsimonious; liberal; profuse. Burke.

2. Not merciful or forgiving. [R.] Milton.
 -- Un*spar"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Un*spar"ing*ness, n.

UNSPEAK
Un*speak", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + speak.]

Defn: To retract, as what has been spoken; to recant; to unsay. [R.]
Shak.

UNSPEAKABLE
Un*speak"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + speakable.]

Defn: Not speakable; incapable of being uttered or adequately
described; inexpressible; unutterable; ineffable; as, unspeakable
grief or rage.
 -- Un*speak"a*bly, adv.
Ye rejoice with joy unspeakable and full of glory. 1 Pet. i. 8.

UNSPECIALIZED
Un*spe"cial*ized, a.

Defn: Not specialized; specifically (Biol.), not adapted, or set
apart, for any particular purpose or function; as, an unspecialized
unicellular organism. W. K. Brooks.

UNSPED
Un*sped", a.

Defn: Not performed; not dispatched. [Obs.] Garth.

UNSPELL
Un*spell", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + spell.]

Defn: To break the power of (a spell); to release (a person) from the
influence of a spell; to disenchant. [R.]
Such practices as these, . . . The more judicious Israelites
unspelled. Dryden.

UNSPHERE
Un*sphere", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + sphere.]

Defn: To remove, as a planet, from its sphere or orb. Shak.

UNSPIKE
Un*spike", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + spike.]

Defn: To remove a spike from, as from the vent of a cannon.

UNSPILT
Un*spilt", a.

Defn: Not spilt or wasted; not shed.

UNSPIN
Un*spin", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + spin.]

Defn: To untwist, as something spun.

UNSPIRIT
Un*spir"it, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + spirit.]

Defn: To dispirit. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

UNSPIRITALIZE
Un*spir"it*al*ize, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + spiritualize.]

Defn: To deprive of spiritually. South.

UNSPLEENED
Un*spleened", a. Etym: [1st pref. un- + spleen.]

Defn: Deprived of a spleen.

UNSPOTTED
Un*spot"ted, a.

Defn: Not spotted; free from spot or stain; especially, free from
moral stain; unblemished; immaculate; as, an unspotted reputation.
 -- Un*spot"ted*ness, n.

UNSQUIRE
Un*squire", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + squire.]

Defn: To divest of the title or privilege of an esquire. Swift.

UNSTABLE
Un*sta"ble, a. Etym: [Cf. Instable.]

Defn: Not stable; not firm, fixed, or constant; subject to change or
overthrow.
 -- Un*sta"ble*ness, n. Chaucer. Unstable equilibrium. See Stable
equilibrium, under Stable.

UNSTACK
Un*stack", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + stack.]

Defn: To remove, or take away, from a stack; to remove, as something
constituting a stack.

UNSTARCH
Un*starch", v. t. Etym: [Pref. un- + starch.]

Defn: To free from starch; to make limp or pliable.

UNSTATE
Un*state", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + state.]

Defn: To deprive of state or dignity. [R.]
High-battled Cæsar will unstate his happiness. Shak.

UNSTEEL
Un*steel", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + steel.]

Defn: To disarm; to soften. Richardson.

UNSTEP
Un*step", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + step.] (Naut.)

Defn: To remove, as a mast, from its step.

UNSTICK
Un*stick", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + stick.]

Defn: To release, as one thing stuck to another. Richardson.

UNSTILL
Un*still", a. Etym: [AS. unstille. See Un- not, and Still, a.]

Defn: Not still; restless. [R.]

UNSTING
Un*sting", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + sting.]

Defn: To disarm of a sting; to remove the sting of. [R.] "Elegant
dissertations on virtue and vice . . . will not unsting calamity." J.
M. Mason.

UNSTITCH
Un*stitch", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + stitch.]

Defn: To open by picking out stitches; to take out, or undo, the
stitches of; as, to unstitch a seam. Collier.

UNSTOCK
Un*stock", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + stock.]

1. To deprive of a stock; to remove the stock from; to loose from
that which fixes, or holds fast.

2. To remove from the stocks, as a ship.

UNSTOCKINGED
Un*stock"inged, a.

1. Etym: [Pref. un- not + stocking.]

Defn: Destitute of stockings. Sir W. Scott.

2. Etym: [1st pref. un- + stocking.]

Defn: Deprived of stockings.

UNSTOP
Un*stop", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + stop.]

1. To take the stopple or stopper from; as, to unstop a bottle or a
cask.

2. To free from any obstruction; to open.

UNSTRAIN
Un*strain", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + strain.]

Defn: To relieve from a strain; to relax. B. Jonson.

UNSTRAINED
Un*strained", a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + strain.]

1. Not strained; not cleared or purified by straining; as, unstrained
oil or milk.

2. Not forced; easy; natural; as, a unstrained deduction or
inference. Hakewill.

UNSTRATIFIED
Un*strat"i*fied, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Not stratified; -- applied to massive rocks, as granite,
porphyry, etc., and also to deposits of loose material, as the
glacial till, which occur in masses without layers or strata.

UNSTRENGTH
Un*strength", n.

Defn: Want of strength; weakness; feebleness. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNSTRIATED
Un*stri"a*ted, a. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Nonstriated; unstriped.

UNSTRING
Un*string", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + string.]

1. To deprive of a string or strings; also, to take from a string;
as, to unstring beads.

2. To loosen the string or strings of; as, to unstring a harp or a
bow.

3. To relax the tension of; to loosen. "His garland they unstring."
Dryden.

Defn: Used also figuratively; as, his nerves were unstrung by fear.

UNSTRIPED
Un*striped", a.

1. Not striped.

2. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Without marks or striations; nonstriated; as, unstriped muscle
fibers.

UNSTUDIED
Un*stud"ied, a.

1. Not studied; not acquired by study; unlabored; natural.

2. Not skilled; unversed; -- followed by in.

3. Not spent in study. [Obs.] "To cloak the defects of their
unstudied years." Milton.

UNSUBSTANTIAL
Un`sub*stan"tial, a.

Defn: Lacking in matter or substance; visionary; chimerical.

UNSUBSTANTIALIZE
Un`sub*stan"tial*ize, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + substantialize.]

Defn: To make unsubstantial. [R.]

UNSUBSTANTIATION
Un`sub*stan`ti*a"tion, n. Etym: [1st pref. un- + substantiation.]

Defn: A divesting of substantiality.

UNSUCCEEDABLE
Un`suc*ceed"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not able or likely to succeed. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

UNSUCCESS
Un`suc*cess", n.

Defn: Want of success; failure; misfortune. Prof. Wilson.

UNSUCCESSFUL
Un`suc*cess"ful, a.

Defn: Not successful; not producing the desired event; not fortunate;
meeting with, or resulting in, failure; unlucky; unhappy.
 -- Un`suc*cess"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Un`suc*cess"ful*ness, n.

UNSUFFERABLE
Un*suf"fer*a*ble, a.

Defn: Insufferable. [Obs.] Hooker.
 -- Un*suf"fer*a*bly, adv. [Obs.]

UNSUFFERING
Un*suf"fer*ing, n.

Defn: Inability or incapability of enduring, or of being endured.
[Obs.] Wyclif.

UNSUFFICIENCE; UNSUFFICIENCY
Un`suf*fi"cience, Un`suf*fi"cien*cy, n.

Defn: Insufficiency. [Obs.] Hooker.

UNSUFFICIENT
Un`suf*fi"cient, a.

Defn: Insufficient. [Obs.]

UNSUIT
Un*suit", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + suit.]

Defn: Not to suit; to be unfit for. [Obs.] Quarles.

UNSUPPORTABLE
Un`sup*port"a*ble, a.

Defn: Insupportable; unendurable.
 -- Un`sup*port"a*ble*ness, n. Bp. Wilkins.
 -- Un`sup*port"a*bly, adv.

UNSURED
Un*sured", a.

Defn: Not made sure. [Obs.]
Thy now unsured assurance to the crown. Shak.

UNSURETY
Un*sure"ty, n.

Defn: Want of surety; uncertainty; insecurity; doubt. [Obs.] Sir T.
More.

UNSURMOUNTABLE
Un`sur*mount"a*ble, a.

Defn: Insurmountable. Locke.

UNSUSPICION
Un`sus*pi"cion, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unsuspecting. Dickens.

UNSWADDLE
Un*swad"dle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + swaddle.]

Defn: To take a swaddle from; to unswathe.

UNSWATHE
Un*swathe", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + swathe.]

Defn: To take a swathe from; to relieve from a bandage; to unswaddle.
Addison.

UNSWAYABLE
Un*sway"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being swayed. Shak.

UNSWEAR
Un*swear", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + swear.]

Defn: To recant or recall, as an oath; to recall after having sworn;
to abjure. J. Fletcher.

UNSWEAR
Un*swear", v. i.

Defn: To recall an oath. Spenser.

UNSWEAT
Un*sweat", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + sweat.]

Defn: To relieve from perspiration; to ease or cool after exercise or
toil. [R.] Milton.

UNSWELL
Un*swell", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + swell.]

Defn: To sink from a swollen state; to subside. [Obs.] Chaucer.

UNSYMMETRICAL
Un`sym*met"ric*al, a.

1. Wanting in symmetry, or due proportion pf parts.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Not symmetrical; being without symmetry, as the parts of a
flower when similar parts are of different size and shape, or when
the parts of successive circles differ in number. See Symmetry.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: Being without symmetry of chemical structure or relation; as,
an unsymmetrical carbon atom. Unsymmetrical carbon atom (Chem.), one
which is united at once to four different atoms or radicals. This
condition usually occasions physical isomerism, with the attendant
action on polarized light.

UNSYMMETRICALLY
Un`sym*met"ric*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Not symmetrically.

UNSYMPATHY
Un*sym"pa*thy, n.

Defn: Absence or lack of sympathy.

UNTACK
Un*tack", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + tack.]

Defn: To separate, as what is tacked; to disjoin; to release.
being untacked from honest cares. Barrow.

UNTACKLE
Un*tac"kle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + tackle.]

Defn: To unbitch; to unharness. [Colloq.] Tusser.

UNTALKED
Un*talked", a.

Defn: Not talked; not mentioned; -- often with of. Shak.

UNTANGIBILITY
Un*tan`gi*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Intangibility.

UNTANGIBLE
Un*tan"gi*ble, a.

Defn: Intangible. [R.]

UNTANGIBLY
Un*tan"gi*bly, adv.

Defn: Intangibly. [R.]

UNTANGLE
Un*tan"gle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + tangle.]

Defn: To loose from tangles or intricacy; to disentangle; to resolve;
as, to untangle thread.
Untangle but this cruel chain. Prior.

UNTAPPICE
Un*tap"pice, v. i. Etym: [1st pref. un- + tappice.]

Defn: to come out of concealment. [Obs.] Massinger.

UNTASTE
Un*taste", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + taste.]

Defn: To deprive of a taste for a thing. [R.] Daniel.

UNTEACH
Un*teach", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + teach.]

1. To cause to forget, or to lose from memory, or to disbelieve what
has been taught.
Experience will unteach us. Sir T. Browne.
One breast laid open were a school Which would unteach mankind the
lust to shine or rule. Byron.

2. To cause to be forgotten; as, to unteach what has been learned.
Dryden.

UNTEAM
Un*team", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + team.]

Defn: To unyoke a team from. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

UNTEMPER
Un*tem"per, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + temper.]

Defn: To deprive of temper, or of the proper degree of temper; to
make soft.

UNTEMPERATE
Un*tem"per*ate, a.

Defn: Intemperate. [Obs.]

UNTEMPERATELY
Un*tem"per*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: Intemperately. [Obs.]

UNTEMPTER
Un*tempt"er, n.

Defn: One who does not tempt, or is not a tempter. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNTENANT
Un*ten"ant, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + tenant.]

Defn: To remove a tenant from. [R.] Coleridge.

UNTENT
Un*tent", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + tent.]

Defn: To bring out of a tent. [R.] Shak.

UNTENTED
Un*tent"ed, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + tent a covering.]

Defn: Having no tent or tents, as a soldier or a field.

UNTENTED
Un*tent"ed, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + tented, p. p. of tent to
probe.]

Defn: Not tended; not dressed. See 4th Tent.
The untented woundings of a father's curse Pierce every sense about
thee! Shak.

UNTHANK
Un*thank", n. Etym: [AS. unpank. See Un- not, Thank.]

Defn: No thanks; ill will; misfortune. [Obs.]
Unthank come on his head that bound him so. Chaucer.

UNTHINK
Un*think", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + think.]

Defn: To recall or take back, as something thought. Shak.

UNTHINKER
Un*think"er, n. Etym: [Pref. un- + thinker.]

Defn: A person who does not think, or does not think wisely.

UNTHINKING
Un*think"ing, a.

1. Not thinking; not heedful; thoughtless; inconsiderate; as,
unthinking youth.

2. Not indicating thought or reflection; thoughtless.
With earnest eyes, and round unthinking face, He first the snuffbox
opened, then the case. Pope.
-- Un*think"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Un*think"ing*ness, n.

UNTHREAD
Un*thread", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + thread.]

1. To draw or take out a thread from; as, to unthread a needle.

2. To deprive of ligaments; to loose the ligaments of.
He with his bare wand can unthread thy joints. Milton.

3. To make one's way through; to traverse; as, to unthread a devious
path. De Quincey.

UNTHRIFT
Un"thrift`, n.

1. Want of thrift; untriftiness; prodigality.

2. An unthrifty. [Obs.] Dryden.

UNTHRIFT
Un*thrift", a.

Defn: Unthrifty. [Obs.]

UNTHRIFTFULLY
Un*thrift"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: Not thriftily. [Obs.] "Unthriftfully spent." Sir J. Cheke.

UNTHRIFTIHEAD; UNTHRIFTIHOOD
Un*thrift"i*head, Un*thrift"i*hood, n.

Defn: Untriftiness. [Obs.] Spenser.

UNTHRIFTILY
Un*thrift"i*ly, adv.

1. Not thriftily.

2. Improperly; unbecomingly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

UNTHRIFTINESS
Un*thrift"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state or being unthrifty; profuseness;
lavishness. Udall.

UNTHRIFTY
Un*thrift"y, a.

Defn: Not thrifty; profuse. Spenser.

UNTHRONE
Un*throne", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + throne.]

Defn: To remove from, or as from, a throne; to dethrone. Milton.

UNTIDY
Un*ti"dy, a.

1. Unseasonable; untimely. [Obs.] "Untidy tales." Piers Plowman.

2. Not tidy or neat; slovenly.
 -- Un*ti"di*ly, adv.
 -- Un*ti"di*ness, n.

UNTIE
Un*tie", v. t. Etym: [AS. unt. See 1st Un-, and Tie, v. t.]

1. To loosen, as something interlaced or knotted; to disengage the
parts of; as, to untie a knot.
Sacharissa's captive fain Would untie his iron chain. Waller.
Her snakes untied, sulphurous waters drink. Pope.

2. To free from fastening or from restraint; to let loose; to unbind.
Though you untie the winds, and let them fight Against the churches.
Shak.
All the evils of an untied tongue we put upon the accounts of
drunkenness. Jer. Taylor.

3. To resolve; to unfold; to clear.
They quicken sloth, perplexities untie. Denham.

UNTIE
Un*tie", v. i.

Defn: To become untied or loosed.

UNTIGHTEN
Un*tight"en, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + tighten.]

Defn: To make less tight or tense; to loosen.

UNTIL
Un*til", prep. Etym: [OE. until, ontil; un- (as in unto) + til till;
cf. Dan. indtil, Sw. intill. See Unto, and Till, prep.]

1. To; unto; towards; -- used of material objects. Chaucer.
Taverners until them told the same. Piers Plowman.
He roused himself full blithe, and hastened them until. Spenser.

2. To; up to; till; before; -- used of time; as, he staid until
evening; he will not come back until the end of the month.
He and his sons were priests to the tribe of Dan until the day of the
captivity. Judg. xviii. 30.

Note: In contracts and like documents until is construed as exclusive
of the date mentioned unless it was the manifest intent of the
parties to include it.

UNTIL
Un*til", conj.

Defn: As far as; to the place or degree that; especially, up to the
time that; till. See Till, conj.
In open prospect nothing bounds our eye, Until the earth seems joined
unto the sky. Dryden.
But the rest of the dead lives not again until the thousand years
were finished. Rev. xx. 5.

UNTILE
Un*tile", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + tile.]

Defn: To take the tiles from; to uncover by removing the tiles.

UNTIME
Un*time", n.

Defn: An unseasonable time. [Obs.]
A man shall not eat in untime. Chaucer.

UNTIMELINESS
Un*time"li*ness, n.

Defn: Unseasonableness.

UNTIMELY
Un*time"ly, a.

Defn: Not timely; done or happening at an unnatural, unusual, or
improper time; unseasonable; premature; inopportune; as, untimely
frosts; untimely remarks; an untimely death.

UNTIMELY
Un*time"ly, adv.

Defn: Out of the natural or usual time; inopportunely; prematurely;
unseasonably. "Let them know . . . what's untimely done." Shak.

UNTIMEOUS
Un*time"ous, a.

Defn: Untimely. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

UNTIMEOUSLY
Un*time"ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Untimely; unseasonably. [R.]

UNTITHED
Un*tithed", a.

Defn: Not subjected tithes.

UNTITLED
Un*ti"tled, a.

1. Not titled; having no title, or appellation of dignity or
distinction. Spenser.

2. Being without title or right; not entitled. Shak.

UNTO
Un"to, prep. Etym: [OE. unto; un- (only in unto, until) unto, as far
as + to to; this un- is akin to AS. und OS. und until, conj. (cf. OS.
unt unto, OHG. unzi), Goth. und unto, until. See To, and cf. Until.]

1. To; -- now used only in antiquated, formal, or scriptural style.
See To.

2. Until; till. [Obs.] "He shall abide it unto the death of the
priest." Num. xxxv. 25.

UNTO
Un"to, conj.

Defn: Until; till. [Obs.] "Unto this year be gone." Chaucer.

UNTOLD
Un*told", a.

1. Not told; not related; not revealed; as, untold secrets.

2. Not numbered or counted; as, untold money.

UNTOLERABLE
Un*tol"er*a*ble, a.

Defn: Intolerable. [Obs.]

UNTOMB
Un*tomb", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + tomb.]

Defn: To take from the tomb; to exhume; to disinter. Fuller.

UNTONGUE
Un*tongue, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + tongue.]

Defn: To deprive of a tongue, or of voice. [Obs.] Fuller.

UNTOOTH
Un*tooth", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + tooth.]

Defn: To take out the teeth of. Cowper.

UNTOWARD
Un*to"ward, prep. Etym: [Unto + -ward.]

Defn: Toward. [Obs.] Gower.

UNTOWARD
Un*to"ward, a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + toward.]

1. Froward; perverse. "Save yourselves from this untoward
generation." Acts ii. 40.

2. Awkward; ungraceful. "Untoward words." Creech. "Untoward manner."
Swift.

3. Inconvenient; troublesome; vexatious; unlucky; unfortunate; as, an
untoward wind or accident.
 -- Un*to"ward*ly, adv.
 -- Un*to"ward*ness, n.

UNTOWARDLY
Un*to"ward*ly, a.

Defn: Perverse; froward; untoward. "Untowardly tricks and vices."
Locke.

UNTRADED
Un*trad"ed, a.

1. Not dealt with in trade; not visited for purposes of trade. [Obs.]
Hakluyt

2. Unpracticed; inexperienced. [Obs.] Udall.

3. Not traded in or bartered; hence, not hackneyed; unusual; not
common. Shak.

UNTRAINED
Un*trained", a.

1. Not trained. Shak.

2. Not trainable; indocile. [Obs.] Herbert.

UNTRAMMELED
Un*tram"meled, a.

Defn: Not hampered or impeded; free. [Written also untrammelled.]

UNTRAVELED
Un*trav"eled, a. Etym: [Written also untravelled.]

1. Not traveled; not trodden by passengers; as, an untraveled forest.

2. Having never visited foreign countries; not having gained
knowledge or experience by travel; as, an untraveled Englishman.
Addison.

UNTREAD
Un*tread", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + tread.]

Defn: To tread back; to retrace. Shak.

UNTREASURE
Un*treas"ure, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + treasure.]

Defn: To bring forth or give up, as things previously treasured. "The
quaintness with which he untreasured, as by rote, the stores of his
memory." J. Mitford.

UNTREASURED
Un*treas"ured, a.

1. Etym: [Properly p. p. of untreasure.]

Defn: Deprived of treasure. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Etym: [Pref. un- not + treasured.]

Defn: Not treasured; not kept as treasure.

UNTREATABLE
Un*treat"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being treated; not practicable. [R.] Dr. H. More.

UNTRENCHED
Un*trenched", a.

Defn: Being without trenches; whole; intact. [Obs.]

UNTRESSED
Un*tressed", a.

Defn: Not tied up in tresses; unarranged; -- said of the hair.
Chaucer.

UNTROWABLE
Un*trow"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incredible. [Obs.] "Untrowable fairness." Wyclif.

UNTRUE
Un*true", a.

1. Not true; false; contrary to the fact; as, the story is untrue.

2. Not faithful; inconstant; false; disloyal. Chaucer.

UNTRUE
Un*true, adv.

Defn: Untruly. [Obs. or Poetic] Chaucer.

UNTRUISM
Un*tru"ism, n.

Defn: Something not true; a false statement. [Recent & R.] A.
Trollope.

UNTRUNKED
Un*trunked", a. Etym: [1st pref. un- + trunk.]

Defn: Separated from its trunk or stock. [Obs.]

UNTRUSS
Un*truss", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + truss.]

Defn: To loose from a truss, or as from a truss; to untie or
unfasten; to let out; to undress. [R.] Dryden.

UNTRUSS; UNTRUSSER
Un*truss", Un*truss"er, n.

Defn: One who untrussed persons for the purpose of flogging them; a
public whipper. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

UNTRUST
Un*trust", n.

Defn: Distrust. [Obs.] Chaucer.

UNTRUSTFUL
Un*trust"ful, a.

1. Not trustful or trusting.

2. Not to be trusted; not trusty. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

UNTRUTH
Un*truth", n.

1. The quality of being untrue; contrariety to truth; want of
veracity; also, treachery; faithlessness; disloyalty. Chaucer.

2. That which is untrue; a false assertion; a falsehood; a lie; also,
an act of treachery or disloyalty. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Lie; falsehood. See Lie.

UNTRUTHFUL
Un*truth"ful, a.

Defn: Not truthful; unveracious; contrary to the truth or the fact.
 -- Un*truth"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Un*truth"ful*ness, n.

UNTUCK
Un*tuck", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + tuck.]

Defn: To unfold or undo, as a tuck; to release from a tuck or fold.

UNTUNE
Un*tune", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + tune.]

Defn: To make incapable of harmony, or of harmonious action; to put
out of tune. Shak.

UNTURN
Un*turn", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + turn.]

Defn: To turn in a reserve way, especially so as to open something;
as, to unturn a key. Keats.

UNTURNED
Un*turned", a. Etym: [Pref. un- + turned.]

Defn: Not turned; not revolved or reversed. To leave no stone
unturned, to leave nothing untried for accomplishing one's purpose.
[He] left unturned no stone To make my guilt appear, and hide his
own. Dryden.

UNTWAIN
Un*twain", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + twain.]

Defn: To rend in twain; to tear in two. [Obs.] Skelton.

UNTWINE
Un*twine", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + twine.]

Defn: To untwist; to separate, as that which is twined or twisted; to
disentangle; to untie.
It requires a long and powerful counter sympathy in a nation to
untwine the ties of custom which bind a people to the established and
the old. Sir W. Hamilton.

UNTWINE
Un*twine", v. i.

Defn: To become untwined. Milton.

UNTWIRL
Un*twirl", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + twirl.]

Defn: To untwist; to undo. Ash.

UNTWIST
Un*twist", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + twist.]

1. To separate and open, as twisted threads; to turn back, as that
which is twisted; to untwine.
If one of the twines of the twist do untwist, The twine that
untwisteth, untwisteth the twist. Wallis.

2. To untie; to open; to disentangle. Milton.

UNTY
Un*ty", v. t.

Defn: To untie. [Archaic] Young.

UNUSAGE
Un*us"age (; 48), n.

Defn: Want or lack of usage. [Obs.] Chaucer.

UNUSED
Un*used", a.

1. Not used; as, an unused book; an unused apartment.

2. Not habituated; unaccustomed.
Unused to bend, impatient of control. Thomson.

UNUSUAL
Un*u"su*al, a.

Defn: Not usual; uncommon; rare; as, an unusual season; a person of
unusual grace or erudition.
 -- Un*u"su*al*ly, adv.
 -- Un*u"su*al*ness, n.

UNUSUALITY
Un*u`su*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: Unusualness. Poe.

UNUTTERABLE
Un*ut"ter*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not utterable; incapable of being spoken or voiced;
inexpressible; ineffable; unspeakable; as, unutterable anguish.
Sighed and looked unutterable things. Thomson.
-- Un*ut"ter*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Un*ut"ter*a*bly, adv.

UNVAIL
Un*vail", v. t. & i.

Defn: See Unveil.

UNVALUABLE
Un*val"u*a*ble, a.

1. Invaluable; being beyond price. [Obs.] South.

2. Not valuable; having little value. [R.] T. Adams.

UNVALUED
Un*val"ued, a.

1. Not valued; not appraised; hence, not considered; disregarded;
valueless; as, an unvalued estate. "Unvalued persons." Shak.

2. Having inestimable value; invaluable. [Obs.]
The golden apples of unvalued price. Spenser.

UNVARIABLE
Un*va"ri*a*ble, a.

Defn: Invariable. Donne.

UNVEIL
Un*veil", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + veil.]

Defn: To remove a veil from; to divest of a veil; to uncover; to
disclose to view; to reveal; as, she unveiled her face.

UNVEIL
Un*veil", v. i.

Defn: To remove a veil; to reveal one's self.

UNVEILER
Un*veil"er, n.

Defn: One who removes a veil.

UNVERACITY
Un`ve*rac"i*ty, n.

Defn: Want of veracity; untruthfulness; as, unveracity of heart.
Carlyle.

UNVESSEL
Un*ves"sel, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + vessel.]

Defn: To cause to be no longer a vessel; to empty. [Obs.] Ford.

UNVICAR
Un*vi"car, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + vicar.]

Defn: To deprive of the position or office a vicar. [R.] Strype.

UNVIOLABLE
Un*vi"o*la*ble, a.

Defn: Inviolable.

UNVISARD
Un*vis"ard, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + vizard.]

Defn: To take the vizard or mask from; to unmask. [Written also
unvizard.] [Obs.] Milton.

UNVISIBLE
Un*vis"i*ble, a.

Defn: Invisible. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNVISIBLY
Un*vis"i*bly, adv.

Defn: Invisibly. [Obs.]

UNVITIATED
Un*vi"ti*a`ted, a.

Defn: Not vitiated; pure.

UNVOLUNTARY
Un*vol"un*ta*ry, a.

Defn: Involuntary. [Obs.] Fuller.

UNVOTE
Un*vote", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + vote.]

Defn: To reverse or annul by vote, as a former vote. [R.] Bp, Burnet.

UNVOWELED
Un*vow"eled, a.

Defn: Having no vowel sounds or signs. [Written also unvowelled.]
Skinner.

UNVULGARIZE
Un*vul"gar*ize, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + vulgarize.]

Defn: To divest of vulgarity; to make to be not vulgar. Lamb.

UNVULNERABLE
Un*vul"ner*a*ble, a.

Defn: Invulnerable. [Obs.]

UNWARE
Un*ware", a. Etym: [AS. unwær unwary. See Un- not, and Wary.]

1. Unaware; not foreseeing; being off one's guard. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Fairfax.

2. Happening unexpectedly; unforeseen. [Obs.]
The unware woe of harm that cometh behind. Chaucer.
-- Un*ware"ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Un*ware"ness, n. [Obs.]

UNWARES
Un*wares", adv.

Defn: Unawares; unexpectedly; -- sometimes preceded by at. [Obs.]
Holinshed.

UNWARILY
Un*wa"ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In an unwary manner.

UNWARINESS
Un*wa"ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being unwary; carelessness;
heedlessness.

UNWARM
Un*warm", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + warm.]

Defn: To lose warmth; to grow cold. [R.]

UNWARP
Un*warp", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + warp.]

Defn: To restore from a warped state; to cause to be linger warped.

UNWARPED
Un*warped", a. Etym: [Pref. un- not + warped.]

Defn: Not warped; hence, not biased; impartial.

UNWARRANTABLE
Un*war"rant*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not warrantable; indefensible; not vindicable; not justifiable;
illegal; unjust; improper.
 -- Un*war"rant*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Un*war"rant*a*bly, adv.

UNWARRANTED
Un*war"rant*ed, a.

Defn: Not warranted; being without warrant, authority, or guaranty;
unwarrantable.

UNWARY
Un*wa"ry, a. Etym: [Cf. Unware.]

1. Not vigilant against danger; not wary or cautious; unguarded;
precipitate; heedless; careless.

2. Unexpected; unforeseen; unware. [Obs.] Spenser.

UNWASHED
Un*washed", a.

Defn: Not washed or cleansed; filthy; unclean.

UNWASHEN
Un*wash"en, a.

Defn: Not washed. [Archaic] "To eat with unwashen hands." Matt. xv.
20.

UNWAYED
Un*wayed", a.

1. Not used to travel; as, colts that are unwayed. [Obs.] Suckling.

2. Having no ways or roads; pathless. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNWEARIED
Un*wea"ried, a.

Defn: Not wearied; not fatigued or tired; hence, persistent; not
tiring or wearying; indefatigable.
 -- Un*wea"ried*ly, adv.
 -- Un*wea"ried*ness, n.

UNWEARY
Un*wea"ry, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + weary.]

Defn: To cause to cease being weary; to refresh. [Obs.] Dryden.

UNWEAVE
Un*weave", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + weave.]

Defn: To unfold; to undo; to ravel, as what has been woven.

UNWEDGEABLE
Un*wedge"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not to be split with wedges. [Obs.] Shak.

UNWEETING
Un*weet"ing, a. Etym: [See Un- not, and Weet, Wit.]

Defn: Unwitting. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.
 -- Un*weet"ing*ly, adv. [Obs.] Milton.

UNWEIGHED
Un*weighed", a.

Defn: Not weighed; not pondered or considered; as, an unweighed
statement.

UNWEIGHING
Un*weigh"ing, a.

Defn: Not weighing or pondering; inconsiderate. Shak.

UNWELD; UNWELDY
Un*weld", Un*weld"y, a.

Defn: Unwieldy; unmanageable; clumsy. [Obs.]
Our old limbs move [may] well be unweld. Chaucer.

UNWELL
Un*well", a.

1. Not well; indisposed; not in good health; somewhat ill; ailing.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Specifically, ill from menstruation; affected with, or having,
catamenial; menstruant.

Note: This word was formerly regarded as an Americanism, but is now
in common use among all who speak the English language.

UNWELLNESS
Un*well"ness

Defn: , n. Quality or state of being unwell.

UNWEMMED
Un*wemmed", a.

Defn: Not blemished; undefiled; pure. [Obs.] Wyclif.
With body clean and with unwemmed thought. Chaucer.

UNWHOLE
Un*whole", a. Etym: [AS. unhal. See Un- not, and Whole.]

Defn: Not whole; unsound. [Obs.]

UNWIELDY
Un*wield"y, a.

Defn: Not easily wielded or carried; unmanageable; bulky; ponderous.
"A fat, unwieldy body of fifty-eight years old." Clarendon.
 -- Un*wield"i*ly, adv.
 -- Un*wield"i*ness, n.

UNWILD
Un*wild", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + wild.]

Defn: To tame; to subdue. [Obs. & R.] Sylvester.

UNWILL
Un*will", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + will.]

Defn: To annul or reverse by an act of the will. Longfellow.

UNWILLED
Un*willed", a. Etym: [1st pref. un- + will.]

Defn: Deprived of the faculty of will or volition. Mrs. Browning.

UNWILLING
Un*will"ing, a.

Defn: Not willing; loath; disinclined; reluctant; as, an unwilling
servant.
And drop at last, but in unwilling ears, This saving counsel, "Keep
your piece nine years." Pope.
-- Un*will"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Un*will"ing*ness, n.

UNWIND
Un*wind", v. t. Etym: [AS. unwindan. See 1st Un-, and Wind to coil.]

1. To wind off; to loose or separate, as what or convolved; to
untwist; to untwine; as, to unwind thread; to unwind a ball of yarn.

2. To disentangle. [Obs.] Hooker.

UNWIND
Un*wind", v. i.

Defn: To be or become unwound; to be capable of being unwound or
untwisted.

UNWISDOM
Un*wis"dom, n.

Defn: Want of wisdom; unwise conduct or action; folly; simplicity;
ignorance.
Sumptuary laws are among the exploded fallacies which we have
outgrown, and we smile at the unwisdom which could except to regulate
private habits and manners by statute. J. A. Froude.

UNWISE
Un*wise", a. Etym: [AS. unwis. See Un- not, and Wise, a.]

Defn: Not wise; defective in wisdom; injudicious; indiscreet;
foolish; as, an unwise man; unwise kings; unwise measures.

UNWISELY
Un*wise"ly, adv. Etym: [AS. unwislice.]

Defn: In an unwise manner; foolishly.

UNWISH
Un*wish", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + wish.]

Defn: To wish not to be; to destroy by wishing. [Obs.]
Now thou hast unwished five thousand men. Shak.

UNWIST
Un*wist", a.

1. Not known; unknown. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

2. Not knowing; unwitting. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNWIT
Un*wit", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + wit.]

Defn: To deprive of wit. [Obs.] Shak.

UNWIT
Un*wit", n. Etym: [Pref. un- not + wit.]

Defn: Want of wit or understanding; ignorance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

UNWITCH
Un*witch", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + witch.]

Defn: To free from a witch or witches; to fee from witchcraft. [R.]
B. Jonson.

UNWITTING
Un*wit"ting, a.

Defn: Not knowing; unconscious; ignorant.
 -- Un*wit"ting*ly, adv.

UNWOMAN
Un*wom"an, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + woman.]

Defn: To deprive of the qualities of a woman; to unsex. [R.] R.
Browning.

UNWONDER
Un*won"der, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + wonder.]

Defn: To divest of the quality of wonder or mystery; to interpret; to
explain. [R.] Fuller.

UNWONT
Un*wont", a.

Defn: Unwonted; unused; unaccustomed. [Archaic] Sir W. Scott.

UNWONTED
Un*wont"ed, a.

1. Not wonted; unaccustomed; unused; not made familiar by practice;
as, a child unwonted to strangers. Milton.

2. Uncommon; unusual; infrequent; rare; as, unwonted changes.
"Unwonted lights." Byron.
 -- Un*wont"ed*ly, adv.
 -- Un*wont"ed*ness, n.

UNWORK
Un*work", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + work.]

Defn: To undo or destroy, as work previously done.

UNWORLDLY
Un*world"ly, a.

Defn: Not worldly; spiritual; holy. Hawthorne.
 -- Un*world"li*ness, n.

UNWORMED
Un*wormed", a.

Defn: Not wormed; not having had the worm, or lytta, under the tongue
cut out; -- said of a dog.

UNWORSHIP
Un*wor"ship, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + worship.]

Defn: To deprive of worship or due honor; to dishonor. [Obs.] Wyclif.

UNWORSHIP
Un*wor"ship, n. Etym: [Pref. un- not + worship.]

Defn: Lack of worship or respect; dishonor. [Obs.] Gower.

UNWORTH
Un*worth", a. Etym: [AS. unweor.]

Defn: Unworthy. [Obs.] Milton.

UNWORTH
Un*worth", n.

Defn: Unworthiness. [R.] Carlyle.

UNWORTHY
Un*wor"thy, a.

Defn: Not worthy; wanting merit, value, or fitness; undeserving;
worthless; unbecoming; -- often with of.
 -- Un*wor"thi*ly, adv.
 -- Un*wor"thi*ness, n.

UNWRAP
Un*wrap", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + wrap.]

Defn: To open or undo, as what is wrapped or folded. Chaucer.

UNWRAY
Un*wray", v. t.

Defn: See Unwrie. [Obs.]

UNWREATHE
Un*wreathe", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + wreathe.]

Defn: To untwist, uncoil, or untwine, as anything wreathed.

UNWRIE
Un*wrie", v. t. Etym: [AS. onwreón; on- (see 1st Un-) + wreón to
cover.]

Defn: To uncover. [Obs.] Chaucer.

UNWRINKLE
Un*wrin"kle, v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + wrinkle.]

Defn: To reduce from a wrinkled state; to smooth.

UNWRITE
Un*write", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + write.]

Defn: To cancel, as what is written; to erase. Milton.

UNWRITTEN
Un*writ"ten, a.

1. Not written; not reduced to writing; oral; as, unwritten
agreements.

2. Containing no writing; blank; as, unwritten paper. Unwritten
doctrines (Theol.), such doctrines as have been handed down by word
of mouth; oral or traditional doctrines.
 -- Unwritten law. Etym: [Cf. L. lex non scripta.] That part of the
law of England and of the United States which is not derived from
express legislative enactment, or at least from any enactment now
extant and in force as such. This law is now generally contained in
the reports of judicial decisions. See Common law, under Common.
 -- Unwritten laws, such laws as have been handed down by tradition
or in song. Such were the laws of the early nations of Europe.

UNWROKEN
Un*wro"ken, a. Etym: [See Un- not, and Wreak.]

Defn: Not revenged; unavenged. [Obs.] Surrey.

UNYOKE
Un*yoke", v. t. Etym: [1st pref. un- + yoke.]

1. To loose or free from a yoke. "Like youthful steers unyoked, they
take their courses." Shak.

2. To part; to disjoin; to disconnect. Shak.

UNYOKED
Un*yoked", a. Etym: [In sense 1 pref. un- not + yoked; in senses 2
and 3 properly p. p. of unyoke.]

1. Not yet yoked; not having worn the yoke.

2. Freed or loosed from a yoke.

3. Licentious; unrestrained. [R.] Shak.

UNYOLDEN
Un*yold"en, a.

Defn: Not yielded. [Obs.] "[By] force . . . is he taken unyolden."
Sir T. Browne.

UNZONED
Un*zoned", a.

Defn: Not zoned; not bound with a girdle; as, an unzoned bosom.
Prior.

UP
Up, adv. Etym: [AS. up, upp, ; akin to OFries. up, op, D. op, OS. ,
OHG. , G. auf, Icel. upp, Dan. op, Goth. iup, and probably to E.
over. See Over.]

1. Aloft; on high; in a direction contrary to that of gravity; toward
or in a higher place or position; above; -- the opposite of Ant:
down.
But up or down, By center or eccentric, hard to tell. Milton.

2. Hence, in many derived uses, specifically: --
(a) From a lower to a higher position, literally or figuratively; as,
from a recumbent or sitting position; from the mouth, toward the
source, of a river; from a dependent or inferior condition; from
concealment; from younger age; from a quiet state, or the like; --
used with verbs of motion expressed or implied.
But they presumed to go up unto the hilltop. Num. xiv. 44.
I am afflicted and ready to die from my youth up. Ps. lxxxviii. 15.
Up rose the sun, and up rose Emelye. Chaucer.
We have wrought ourselves up into this degree of Christian
indifference. Atterbury.

(b) In a higher place or position, literally or figuratively; in the
state of having arisen; in an upright, or nearly upright, position;
standing; mounted on a horse; in a condition of elevation,
prominence, advance, proficiency, excitement, insurrection, or the
like; -- used with verbs of rest, situation, condition, and the like;
as, to be up on a hill; the lid of the box was up; prices are up.
And when the sun was up, they were scorched. Matt. xiii. 6.
Those that were up themselves kept others low. Spenser.
Helen was up -- was she Shak.
Rebels there are up, And put the Englishmen unto the sword. Shak.
His name was up through all the adjoining provinces, even to Italy
and Rome; many desiring to see who he was that could withstand so
many years the Roman puissance. Milton.
Thou hast fired me; my soul's up in arms. Dryden.
Grief and passion are like floods raised in little brooks by a sudden
rain; they are quickly up. Dryden.
A general whisper ran among the country people, that Sir Roger was
up. Addison.
Let us, then, be up and doing, With a heart for any fate. Longfellow.

(c) To or in a position of equal advance or equality; not short of,
back of, less advanced than, away from, or the like; -- usually
followed by to or with; as, to be up to the chin in water; to come up
with one's companions; to come up with the enemy; to live up to
engagements.
As a boar was whetting his teeth, up comes a fox to him. L'Estrange.

(d) To or in a state of completion; completely; wholly; quite; as, in
the phrases to eat up; to drink up; to burn up; to sum up; etc.; to
shut up the eyes or the mouth; to sew up a rent.

Note: Some phrases of this kind are now obsolete; as, to spend up
(Prov. xxi. 20); to kill up (B. Jonson).
(e) Aside, so as not to be in use; as, to lay up riches; put up your
weapons.

Note: Up is used elliptically for get up, rouse up, etc., expressing
a command or exhortation. "Up, and let us be going." Judg. xix. 28.
Up, up, my friend! and quit your books, Or surely you 'll grow
double. Wordsworth.
It is all up with him, it is all over with him; he is lost.
 -- The time is up, the allotted time is past.
 -- To be up in, to be informed about; to be versed in. "Anxious that
their sons should be well up in the superstitions of two thousand
years ago." H. Spencer.
 -- To be up to. (a) To be equal to, or prepared for; as, he is up to
the business, or the emergency. [Colloq.] (b) To be engaged in; to
purpose, with the idea of doing ill or mischief; as, I don't know
what he's up to. [Colloq.] -- To blow up. (a) To inflate; to distend.
(b) To destroy by an explosion from beneath. (c) To explode; as, the
boiler blew up. (d) To reprove angrily; to scold. [Slang] -- To bring
up. See under Bring, v. t.
 -- To come up with. See under Come, v. i.
 -- To cut up. See under Cut, v. t. & i.
 -- To draw up. See under Draw, v. t.
 -- To grow up, to grow to maturity.
 -- Up anchor (Naut.), the order to man the windlass preparatory to
hauling up the anchor.
 -- Up and down. (a) First up, and then down; from one state or
position to another. See under Down, adv.
Fortune . . . led him up and down. Chaucer.
(b) (Naut.) Vertical; perpendicular; -- said of the cable when the
anchor is under, or nearly under, the hawse hole, and the cable is
taut. Totten.
 -- Up helm (Naut.), the order given to move the tiller toward the
upper, or windward, side of a vessel.
 -- Up to snuff. See under Snuff. [Slang] -- What is up What is going
on [Slang]

UP
Up, prep.

1. From a lower to a higher place on, upon, or along; at a higher
situation upon; at the top of.
In going up a hill, the knees will be most weary; in going down, the
thihgs. Bacon.

2. From the coast towards the interior of, as a country; from the
mouth towards the source of, as a stream; as, to journey up the
country; to sail up the Hudson.

3. Upon. [Obs.] "Up pain of death." Chaucer.

UP
Up, n.

Defn: The state of being up or above; a state of elevation,
prosperity, or the like; -- rarely occurring except in the phrase ups
and downs. [Colloq.] Ups and downs, alternate states of elevation and
depression, or of prosperity and the contrary. [Colloq.]
They had their ups and downs of fortune. Thackeray.

UP
Up, a.

Defn: Inclining up; tending or going up; upward; as, an up look; an
up grade; the up train.

UPAS
U"pas, n. Etym: [Malay p; p a tree + poison.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A tree (Antiaris toxicaria) of the Breadfruit family, common in
the forests of Java and the neighboring islands. Its secretions are
poisonous, and it has been fabulously reported that the atmosphere
about it is deleterious. Called also bohun upas.

2. A virulent poison used in Java and the adjacent islands for
poisoning arrows. One kind, upas antiar, is, derived from upas tree
(Antiaris toxicaria). Upas tieute is prepared from a climbing plant
(Strychnos Tieute).

UPBAR
Up*bar", v. t.

1. To fasten with a bar. [R.]

2. To remove the bar or bards of, as a gate; to under. [Obs.]
Spenser.

UPBEAR
Up*bear", v. t.

Defn: To bear up; to raise aloft; to support in an elevated
situation; to sustain. Spenser.
One short sigh of breath, upbore Even to the seat of God. Milton.
A monstrous wave upbore The chief, and dashed him on the craggy
shore. Pope.

UPBIND
Up*bind", v. t.

Defn: To bind up. [R.] Collins.

UPBLOW
Up*blow", v. t.

Defn: To inflate. [Obs.] Spenser.

UPBLOW
Up*blow", v. i.

Defn: To blow up; as, the wind upblows from the sea. [Obs.] Spenser.

UPBRAID
Up*braid", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Upbraided; p. pr. & vb. n.
Upbraiding.] Etym: [OE. upbreiden; AS, upp up + bregdan to draw,
twist, weave, or the kindred Icel. bregedha to draw, brandish, braid,
deviate from, change, break off, upbraid. See Up, and Braid, v. t.]

1. To charge with something wrong or disgraceful; to reproach; to
cast something in the teeth of; -- followed by with or for, and
formerly of, before the thing imputed.
And upbraided them with their unbelief. Mark xvi. 14.
Vet do not Upbraid us our distress. Shak.

2. To reprove severely; to rebuke; to chide.
Then began he to upbraid the cities wherein most of his mighty works
were done. Matt. xi. 20
How much doth thy kindness upbraid my wickedness! Sir P. Sidney.

3. To treat with contempt. [Obs.] Spenser.

4. To object or urge as a matter of reproach; to cast up; -- with to
before the person. [Obs.] Bacon.

Syn.
 -- To reproach; blame; censure; condemn.

UPBRAID
Up*braid", v. i.

Defn: To utter upbraidings. Pope.

UPBRAID
Up*braid", n.

Defn: The act of reproaching; contumely. [Obs.] " Foul upbraid."
Spenser.

UPBREAK
Up*break", v. i.

Defn: To break upwards; to force away or passage to the surface.

UPBREAK
Up"break`, n.

Defn: A breaking upward or bursting forth; an upburst. Mrs. Browning.

UPBREATHE
Up*breathe", v. r.

Defn: To breathe up or out; to exhale. [Obs.] Marston.

UPBREED
Up*breed", v. t.

Defn: To rear, or bring up; to nurse. "Upbred in a foreign country."
Holinshed.

UPBROUGHT
Up*brought", a.

Defn: Brought up; educated. [Obs.] Spenser.

UPBUOYANCE
Up*buoy"ance, n.

Defn: The act of buoying up; uplifting. [R.] Coleridge.

UPBURST
Up"burst`, n.

Defn: The act of bursting upwards; a breaking through to the surface;
an upbreak or uprush; as, an upburst of molten matter.

UPCAST
Up"cast`, a.

Defn: Cast up; thrown upward; as, with upcast eyes. Addison.

UPCAST
Up"cast`, n.

1. (Bowling)

Defn: A cast; a throw. Shak.

2. (Mining.)

Defn: The ventilating shaft of a mine out of which the air passes
after having circulated through the mine; -- distinguished from the
downcast. Called also upcast pit, and upcast shaft.

3. An upset, as from a carriage. [Scot.]

4. A taunt; a reproach. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

UPCAST
Up*cast", v. t.

1. To cast or throw up; to turn upward. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To taunt; to reproach; to upbraid. [Scot.]

UPCAUGHT
Up"caught`, a.

Defn: Seized or caught up. " She bears upcaught a mariner away."
Cowper.

UPCHEER
Up*cheer", v. t.

Defn: To cheer up. Spenser.

UPCLIMB
Up*climb", v. t. & i.

Defn: To climb up; to ascend.
Upclomb the shadowy pine above the woven copse. Tennyson.

UPCOIL
Up*coil", v. t. & i.

Defn: To coil up; to make into a coil, or to be made into a coil.

UPCOUNTRY
Up"coun`try, adv.

Defn: In an upcountry direction; as, to live upcountry. [Colloq.]

UPCOUNTRY
Up"coun`try, a.

Defn: Living or situated remote from the seacoast; as, an upcountry
residence. [Colloq.] -- n.

Defn: The interior of the country. [Colloq.]

UPCURL
Up*curl", v. t.

Defn: To curl up. [R.] Tennyson.

UPDIVE
Up*dive", v. i.

Defn: To spring upward; to rise. [R.] Davies (Microcosmos).

UPDRAW
Up*draw", v. t.

Defn: To draw up. [R.] Milton.

UPEND
Up*end", v. t.

Defn: To end up; to set on end, as a cask.

UPEYGAN
U`pey*gan", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The borele.

UPFILL
Up*fill", v. t.

Defn: To fill up. [Obs.]

UPFLOW
Up*flow", v. i.

Defn: To flow or stream up. Southey.

UPFLUNG
Up*flung", a.

Defn: Flung or thrown up.

UPGATHER
Up*gath"er, v. t.

Defn: To gather up; to contract; to draw together. [Obs.]
Himself he close upgathered more and more. Spenser.

UPGAZE
Up*gaze", v. i.

Defn: To gaze upward. Byron.

UPGIVE
Up*give", v. t.

Defn: To give up or out. [Obs.]

UPGROW
Up*grow", v. i.

Defn: To grow up. [R.] Milton.

UPGROWTH
Up"growth`, n.

Defn: The process or result of growing up; progress; development.
The new and mighty upgrowth of poetry in Italy. J. R. Green.

UPGUSH
Up"gush`, n.

Defn: A gushing upward. Hawthorne.

UPGUSH
Up*gush", v. i.

Defn: To gush upward.

UPHAF
Up*haf", obs.

Defn: imp. of Upheave. Chaucer.

UPHAND
Up"hand`, a.

Defn: Lifted by the hand, or by both hands; as, the uphand sledge.
[R.] Moxon.

UPHANG
Up*hang", v. t.

Defn: To hang up. Spenser.

UPHASP
Up*hasp", v. t.

Defn: To hasp or faster up; to close; as, sleep uphasps the eyes.
[R.] Stanyhurst.

UPHEAPED
Up"heaped`, a.

Defn: Piled up; accumulated.
God, which shall repay all with upheaped measure. Udall.

UPHEAVAL
Up*heav"al, n.

Defn: The act of upheaving, or the state of being upheaved; esp., an
elevation of a portion of the earth's crust. Lubbock.

UPHEAVE
Up*heave", v. t.

Defn: To heave or lift up from beneath; to raise. Milton.

UPHELD
Up*held",

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Uphold.

UPHER
Up"her, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A fir pole of from four to seven inches diameter, and twenty to
forty feet long, sometimes roughly hewn, used for scaffoldings, and
sometimes for slight and common roofs, for which use it is split.
[Spelt also ufer.] [Eng.] Gwilt.

UPHILL
Up*hill", adv.

Defn: Upwards on, or as on, a hillside; as, to walk uphill.

UPHILL
Up"hill`, a.

1. Ascending; going up; as, an uphill road.

2. Attended with labor; difficult; as, uphill work.

UPHILT
Up*hilt", v. t.

Defn: To thrust in up to the hilt; as, to uphilt one's sword into an
enemy. [R.] Stanyhurst.

UPHOARD
Up*hoard", v. t.

Defn: To hoard up. [Obs.] Shak.

UPHOLD
Up*hold", v. t.

1. To hold up; to lift on high; to elevate.
The mournful train with groans, and hands upheld. Besought his pity.
Dryden.

2. To keep erect; to support; to sustain; to keep from falling; to
maintain.
Honor shall uphold the humble in spirit. Prov. xxix 3.
Faulconbridge, In spite of spite, alone upholds the day. Shak.

3. To aid by approval or encouragement; to countenance; as, to uphold
a person in wrongdoing.

UPHOLDER
Up*hold"er, n. Etym: [Up + holder. Cf. Upholsterer.]

1. A broker or auctioneer; a tradesman. [Obs.]

2. An undertaker, or provider for funerals. [Obs.]
The upholder, rueful harbinger of death. Gay.

3. An upholsterer. [Obs.]

4. One who, or that which, upholds; a supporter; a defender; a
sustainer.

UPHOLSTER
Up*hol"ster, v. t. Etym: [See Upholsterer.]

Defn: To furnish (rooms, carriages, bedsteads, chairs, etc.) with
hangings, coverings, cushions, etc.; to adorn with furnishings in
cloth, velvet, silk, etc.; as, to upholster a couch; to upholster a
room with curtains.

UPHOLSTER
Up*hol"ster, n.

1. A broker. [Obs.] Caxton.

2. An upholsterer. [Obs.] Strype.

UPHOLSTERER
Up*hol"ster*er, n. Etym: [A substitution for older upholder, in OE.,
broker, tradesman, and formerly also written upholster, upholdster.
See Upholder, and -ster.]

Defn: One who provides hangings, coverings, cushions, curtains, and
the like; one who upholsters. Upholsterer bee. (Zoöl.) See Poppy bee,
under Poppy.

UPHOLSTERY
Up*hol"ster*y, n.

Defn: The articles or goods supplied by upholsterers; the business or
work of an upholsterer.

UPHROE
U"phroe, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Same as Euphroe.

UPKEEP
Up"keep`, n.

Defn: The act of keeping up, or maintaining; maintenance. "Horse
artillery . . . expensive in the upkeep."  Scribner's Mag.

Small outlays for repairs or upkeep of buildings.
A. R. Colquhoun.

UPLAND
Up"land, n.

1. High land; ground elevated above the meadows and intervals which
lie on the banks of rivers, near the sea, or between hills; land
which is generally dry; -- opposed to lowland, meadow, marsh, swamp,
interval, and the like.

2. The country, as distinguished from the neighborhood of towns.
[Obs.]

UPLAND
Up"land, a.

1. Of or pertaining to uplands; being on upland; high in situation;
as, upland inhabitants; upland pasturage.
Sometimes, with secure delight The upland hamlets will invite.
Milton.

2. Pertaining to the country, as distinguished from the neighborhood
of towns; rustic; rude; unpolished. [Obs.] " The race of upland
giants." Chapman. Upland moccasin. (Zoöl.) See Moccasin.
 -- Upland sandpiper, or Upland plover (Zoöl.), a large American
sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda) much valued as a game bird. Unlike
most sandpipers, it frequents fields and uplands. Called also
Bartramian sandpiper, Bartram's tattler, field plover, grass plover,
highland plover, hillbird, humility, prairie plover, prairie pigeon,
prairie snipe, papabote, quaily, and uplander.
 -- Upland sumach (Bot.), a North American shrub of the genus Rhus
(Rhus glabra), used in tanning and dyeing.

UPLANDER
Up"land*er, n.

1. One dwelling in the upland; hence, a countryman; a rustic. [Obs.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The upland sandpiper. [Local, U. S.]

UPLANDISH
Up*land"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to uplands; dwelling on high lands. [Obs.]
Chapman.

2. Rude; rustic; unpolished; uncivilized. [Obs.]
His presence made the rudest peasant melt, That in the wild,
uplandish country dwelt. Marlowe.

UPLAY
Up*lay", v. t.

Defn: To hoard. [Obs.] Donne.

UPLEAD
Up*lead", v. t.

Defn: To lead upward. [Obs.]

UPLEAN
Up*lean", v. i.

Defn: To lean or incline upon anything. [Obs.] Spenser.

UPLIFT
Up*lift", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Uplifting.]

Defn: To lift or raise aloft; to raise; to elevate; as, to uplift the
arm; to uplift a rock. Cowper.
Satan, talking to his nearest mate, With head uplift above the wave,
and eyes That sparkling blazed. Milton.

UPLIFT
Up"lift`, n. (Geol.)

Defn: A raising or upheaval of strata so as to disturb their
regularity and uniformity, and to occasion folds, dislocations, and
the like.

UP-LINE
Up"-line`, n. (Railroad)

Defn: A line or track leading from the provinces toward the
metropolis or a principal terminus; the track upon which up-trains
run. See Up-train. [Eng.]

UPLOCK
Up*lock", v. t.

Defn: To lock up. [Obs.] Shak.

UPLOOK
Up*look", v. i.

Defn: To look or gaze up. [Obs.]

UPMOST
Up"most`, a. Etym: [Cf. Uppermost.]

Defn: Highest; topmost; uppermost. Spenser. Dryden.

UPOKORORO
U`po*ko*ro"ro, n. Etym: [From the native Maori name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An edible fresh-water New Zealand fish (Prototroctes
oxyrhynchus) of the family Haplochitonidæ. In general appearance and
habits, it resembles the northern lake whitefishes and trout. Called
also grayling.

UPON
Up*on", prep.Etym: [AS. uppan, uppon; upp up + on, an, on. See Up,
and On.]

Defn: On; -- used in all the senses of that word, with which it is
interchangeable. "Upon an hill of flowers." Chaucer.
Our host upon his stirrups stood anon. Chaucer.
Thou shalt take of the blood that is upon the altar. Ex. xxix. 21.
The Philistines be upon thee, Samson. Judg. xvi. 9.
As I did stand my watch upon the hill. Shak.
He made a great difference between people that did rebel upon
wantonness, and them that did rebel upon want. Bacon.
This advantage we lost upon the invention of firearms. Addison.
Upon the whole, it will be necessary to avoid that perpetual
repetition of the same epithets which we find in Homer. Pope.
He had abandoned the frontiers, retiring upon Glasgow. Sir. W. Scott.
Philip swore upon the Evangelists to abstain from aggression in my
absence. Landor.

Note: Upon conveys a more distinct notion that on carries with it of
something that literally or metaphorically bears or supports. It is
less employed than it used to be, on having for the most part taken
its place. Some expressions formed with it belong only to old style;
as, upon pity they were taken away; that is, in consequence of pity:
upon the rate of thirty thousand; that is, amounting to the rate: to
die upon the hand; that is, by means of the hand: he had a garment
upon; that is, upon himself: the time is coming fast upon; that is,
upon the present time. By the omission of its object, upon acquires
an adverbial sense, as in the last two examples. To assure upon
(Law), to promise; to undertake.
 -- To come upon. See under Come.
 -- To take upon, to assume.

UP-OVER
Up"-o`ver, a. (Mining & Civil Eng.)

Defn: Designating a method of shaft excavation by drifting to a point
below, and then raising instead of sinking.

UPPENT
Up*pent`, a.

Defn: A Pent up; confined. [Obs.]

UPPER
Up"per, a.; comp. of Up.

Defn: Being further up, literally or figuratively; higher in place,
position, rank, dignity, or the like; superior; as, the upper lip;
the upper side of a thing; the upper house of a legislature. The
upper hand, the superiority; the advantage. See To have the upper
hand, under Hand. Jowett (Thucyd.).
 -- Upper Bench (Eng. Hist.), the name of the highest court of common
law (formerly King's Bench) during the Commonwealth.
 -- Upper case, the top one of a pair of compositor's cases. See the
Note under 1st Case, n., 3.
 -- Upper covert (Zoöl.), one of the coverts situated above the bases
of the tail quills.
 -- Upper deck (Naut.), the topmost deck of any vessel; the spar
deck.
 -- Upper leather, the leather for the vamps and quarters of shoes.
 -- Upper strake (Naut.), the strake next to the deck, usually of
hard wood, and heavier than the other strakes.
 -- Upper ten thousand, or (abbreviated) Upper ten, the ten thousand,
more or less, who are highest in position or wealth; the upper class;
the aristocracy. [Colloq.] -- Upper topsail (Naut.), the upper half
of a double topsail.
 -- Upper works (Naut.), all those parts of the hull of a vessel that
are properly above water.
 -- Upper world. (a) The atmosphere. (b) Heaven. (c) This world; the
earth; -- in distinction from the underworld.

UPPER
Up"per, n.

Defn: The upper leather for a shoe; a vamp.

UPPERMOST
Up"per*most`, a. Etym: [From Up, Upper; formed like aftermost. Cf.
Upmost.]

Defn: Highest in place, position, rank, power, or the like; upmost;
supreme.
Whatever faction happens to be uppermost. Swift.

UPPERTENDOM
Up`per*ten"dom, n. Etym: [Upper ten + -dom.]

Defn: The highest class in society; the upper ten. See Upper ten,
under Upper. [Colloq.]

UPPILE
Up*pile", v. t.

Defn: To pile, or heap, up. Southey.

UPPISH
Up"pish, a. Etym: [From Up.]

Defn: Proud; arrogant; assuming; putting on airs of superiority.
[Colloq.] T. Brown.
 -- Up"pish*ly, adv. [Colloq.] -- Up"pish*ness, n. [Colloq.]

UPPLIGHT
Up*plight", obs.

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Uppluck.

UPPLUCK
Up*pluck", v. t.

Defn: To pull or pluck up. [Obs.]

UPPRICKED
Up*pricked", a.

Defn: Upraised; erect; -- said of the ears of an animal. Mason.

UPPROP
Up*prop", v. t.

Defn: To prop up. Donne.

UPRAISE
Up*raise", v. t.

Defn: To raise; to lift up.

UPREAR
Up*rear", v. t.

Defn: To raise; to erect. Byron.

UPRIDGED
Up*ridged", a.

Defn: Raised up in a ridge or ridges; as, a billow upridged. Cowper.

UPRIGHT
Up"right`, a. Etym: [AS. upright, uppriht. See Up, and Right, a.]

1. In an erect position or posture; perpendicular; vertical, or
nearly vertical; pointing upward; as, an upright tree.
With chattering teeth, and bristling hair upright. Dryden.
All have their ears upright. Spenser.

2. Morally erect; having rectitude; honest; just; as, a man upright
in all his ways.
And that man [Job] was perfect and upright. Job i. 1.

3. Conformable to moral rectitude.
Conscience rewards upright conduct with pleasure. J. M. Mason.

4. Stretched out face upward; flat on the back. [Obs.] " He lay
upright." Chaucer. Upright drill (Mach.), a drilling machine having
the spindle vertical.

Note: This word and its derivatives are usually pronounced in prose
with the accent on the first syllable. But they are frequently
pronounced with the accent on the second in poetry, and the accent on
either syllable is admissible.

UPRIGHT
Up"right`, n.

Defn: Something standing upright, as a piece of timber in a building.
See Illust. of Frame.

UPRIGHTEOUSLY
Up*right"eous*ly, adv. Etym: [See Righteous.]

Defn: In an upright or just manner. [Obs.] Shak.

UPRIGHTLY
Up"right`ly, adv.

Defn: In an upright manner.

UPRIGHTNESS
Up"right`ness, n.

Defn: the quality or state of being upright.

UPRISE
Up*rise", v. i.

1. To rise; to get up; to appear from below the horizon. "Uprose the
sun." Cowley.
Uprose the virgin with the morning light. Pope.

2. To have an upward direction or inclination.
Uprose the mystic mountain range. Tennyson.

UPRISE
Up*rise", n.

Defn: The act of rising; appearance above the horizon; rising. [R.]
Did ever raven sing so like a lark, That gives sweet tidings of the
sun's uprise Shak.

UPRISING
Up*ris"ing, n.

1. Act of rising; also, a steep place; an ascent. "The steep uprising
of the hill." Shak.

2. An insurrection; a popular revolt. J. P. Peters.

UPRIST
Up*rist", n.

Defn: Uprising. [Obs.] Chaucer.

UPRIST
Up*rist", obs.

Defn: imp. of Uprise. Uprose. Chaucer.
Nor dim nor red, like God's own head The glorious sun uprist.
Coleridge.

UPROAR
Up"roar, n. Etym: [D. oproer; akin to G. aufruhr, Dan. oprör, Sw.
uppror; D. op up + roeren to stir; akin to AS. hr to stir, hr
stirring, active, G. rühren to stir, OHG. ruoren, Icel. hræra, Dan.
röre, Sw. röra. Cf. Rearmouse.]

Note: [In verse, sometimes accented on the second syllable.]

Defn: Great tumult; violent disturbance and noise; noisy confusion;
bustle and clamor.
But the Jews which believed not, . . . set all the city on an uproar.
Acts xvii. 5.

UPROAR
Up*roar", v. t.

Defn: To throw into uproar or confusion. [Obs.] "Uproar the universal
peace." Shak.

UPROAR
Up*roar", v. i.

Defn: To make an uproar. [R.] Carlyle.

UPROARIOUS
Up*roar"i*ous, a.

Defn: Making, or accompanied by, uproar, or noise and tumult; as,
uproarious merriment.
 -- Up*roar"i*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Up*roar"i*ous*ness, n.

UPROLL
Up*roll", v. t.

Defn: To roll up. Milton.

UPROOT
Up*root", v. t.

Defn: To root up; to tear up by the roots, or as if by the roots; to
remove utterly; to eradicate; to extirpate.
Trees uprooted left their place. Dryden.
At his command the uprooted hills retired. Milton.

UPROUSE
Up*rouse", v. t.

Defn: To rouse up; to rouse from sleep; to awake; to arouse. Shak.

UPRUN
Up*run", v. i.

Defn: To run up; to ascend.
The young sun That in the Ram is four degrees uprun. Chaucer.
[A son] of matchless might, who, like a thriving plant, Upran to
manhood. Cowper.

UPRUSH
Up*rush", v. i.

Defn: To rush upward. Southey.

UPRUSH
Up"rush`, n.

Defn: Act of rushing upward; an upbreak or upburst; as, an uprush of
lava. R. A. Proctor.

UPSAROKAS
Up`sar*o"kas, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: See Crows.

UPSEEK
Up*seek", v. i.

Defn: To seek or strain upward. "Upseeking eyes suffused with . . .
tears." Southey.

UPSEND
Up*send", v. t.

Defn: To send, cast, or throw up.
As when some island situate afar . . . Upsends a smoke to heaven.
Cowper.

UPSET
Up*set", v. t.

1. To set up; to put upright. [Obs.] "With sail on mast upset." R. of
Brunne.

2.
(a) To thicken and shorten, as a heated piece of iron, by hammering
on the end.
(b) To shorten (a tire) in the process of resetting, originally by
cutting it and hammering on the ends.

3. To overturn, overthrow, or overset; as, to upset a carriage; to
upset an argument. "Determined somehow to upset the situation." Mrs.
Humphry Ward.

4. To disturb the self-possession of; to disorder the nerves of; to
make ill; as, the fright upset her. [Colloq.]

UPSET
Up*set", v. i.

Defn: To become upset.

UPSET
Up"set`, a.

Defn: Set up; fixed; determined; -- used chiefly or only in the
phrase upset price; that is, the price fixed upon as the minimum for
property offered in a public sale, or, in an auction, the price at
which property is set up or started by the auctioneer, and the lowest
price at which it will be sold.
After a solemn pause, Mr. Glossin offered the upset price for the
lands and barony of Ellangowan. Sir W. Scott.

UPSET
Up"set`, n.

Defn: The act of upsetting, or the state of being upset; an overturn;
as, the wagon had an upset.

UPSETTING
Up*set"ting, a.

Defn: Conceited; assuming; as, an upsetting fellow. [Scot.] Jamieson.

UPSETTING THERMOMETER
Up*set"ting ther*mom"e*ter.

Defn: A thermometer by merely inverting which the temperature may be
registered. The column of mercury is broken and, as it remains until
the instrument is reset, the reading may be made at leisure.

UPSHOOT
Up*shoot", v. i.

Defn: To shoot upward. "Trees upshooting high." Spenser.

UPSHOT
Up"shot`, n. Etym: [Up + shot, equivalent to scot share, reckoning.
Cf. the phrase to cast up an account.]

Defn: Final issue; conclusion; the sum and substance; the end; the
result; the consummation.
I can not pursue with any safety this sport to the upshot. Shak.
We account it frailty that threescore years and ten make the upshot
of man's pleasurable existence. De Quincey.

UPSIDE
Up"side`, n.

Defn: The upper side; the part that is uppermost. To be upsides with,
to be even with. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Sir W. Scott. T. Hughes.
 -- Upside down. Etym: [Perhaps a corruption of OE. up so down,
literally, up as down.] With the upper part undermost; hence, in
confusion; in complete disorder; topsy-turvy. Shak.
These that have turned the world upside down are come hither also.
Acts xvii. 6.

UPSIDOWN
Up"si*down`, adv.

Defn: See Upsodown. [Obs. or Colloq.] Spenser.

UPSILON
Up"si*lon, n. [Gr. 'y^ psilo`n bare, mere, simple y.]

Defn: The 20th letter (U, u) of the Greek alphabet, a vowel having
originally the sound of oo as in room, becoming before the 4th
century b. c. that French u or Ger. ü. Its equivalent in English is u
or y.

UPSITTING
Up"sit`ting, n.

Defn: A sitting up of a woman after her confinement, to receive and
entertain her friends. [Obs.]
To invite your lady's upsitting. Beau. & Fl.

UPSKIP
Up*skip`, n.

Defn: An upstart. [Obs.] Latimer.

UPSNATCH
Up*snatch", v. t.

Defn: To snatch up. [R.]

UPSOAR
Up*soar", v. i.

Defn: To soar or mount up. Pope.

UPSODOWN
Up"so*down`, adv. Etym: [Up + so as + down.]

Defn: Upside down. [Obs. or Colloq.] Wyclif.
In man's sin is every manner order or ordinance turned upsodown.
Chaucer.

UPSPEAR
Up*spear", v. i.

Defn: To grow or shoot up like a spear; as, upspearing grass. [R.]
Cowper.

UPSPRING
Up*spring", v. i.

Defn: To spring up. Tennyson.

UPSPRING
Up"spring`, n.

1. An upstart. [Obs.] "The swaggering upspring." Shak.

2. A spring or leap into the air. [R.] Chapman.

UPSPURNER
Up"spurn`er, n.

Defn: A spurner or contemner; a despiser; a scoffer. [Obs.] Joye.

UPSTAIRS
Up*stairs", adv.

Defn: Up the stairs; in or toward an upper story.

UPSTAIRS
Up"stairs`, a.

Defn: Being above stairs; as, an upstairs room.

UPSTAND
Up*stand", v. i.

Defn: To stand up; to be erected; to rise. Spenser. Milton.
At once upstood the monarch, and upstood The wise Ulysses. Cowper.

UPSTARE
Up*stare", v. i.

Defn: To stare or stand upward; hence, to be uplifted or conspicuous.
"Rearing fiercely their upstaring crests." Spenser.

UPSTART
Up*start", v. i.

Defn: To start or spring up suddenly. Spenser. Tennyson.

UPSTART
Up"start`, n.

1. One who has risen suddenly, as from low life to wealth, power, or
honor; a parvenu. Bacon.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The meadow saffron. Dr. Prior.

UPSTART
Up"start`, a.

Defn: Suddenly raised to prominence or consequence. "A race of
upstart creatures." Milton.

UPSTAY
Up*stay", v. t.

Defn: To sustain; to support. [Obs.] "His massy spear upstayed."
Milton.

UPSTERTE
Up*stert"e, obs.

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Upstart.

UPSTIR
Up"stir`, n.

Defn: Insurrection; commotion; disturbance. [Obs.] Sir J. Cheke.

UPSTREAM
Up*stream", adv.

Defn: Toward the higher part of a stream; against the current.

UPSTREET
Up*street", adv.

Defn: Toward the higher part of a street; as, to walk upstreet. G. W.
Gable.

UPSTROKE
Up"stroke`, n.

Defn: An upward stroke, especially the stroke, or line, made by a
writing instrument when moving upward, or from the body of the
writer, or a line corresponding to the part of a letter thus made.
Some upstroke of an Alpha and Omega. Mrs. Browning.

UPSUN
Up"sun`, n. (Scots Law)

Defn: The time during which the sun is up, or above the horizon; the
time between sunrise and sunset.

UPSWARM
Up*swarm", v. i. & i.

Defn: To rise, or cause to rise, in a swarm or swarms. [R.] Shak.
Cowper.

UPSWAY
Up*sway", v. t.

Defn: To sway or swing aloft; as, to upsway a club. [R.] Sir W.
Scott.

UPSWELL
Up*swell", v. i.

Defn: To swell or rise up.

UPSYTURVY
Up"sy*tur"vy, adv. Etym: [Cf. Upside down, under Upside, and Topsy-
turvy.]

Defn: Upside down; topsy-turvy. [Obs.] Robert Greene.

UPTAILS ALL
Up"tails` all".

1. An old game at cards. [Obs.]

2. Revelers; roysterers. [Obs.] Decker.

3. Revelry; confusion; frolic. [Obs.] Herrick.

UPTAKE
Up*take", v. t.

Defn: To take into the hand; to take up; to help. [Obs.] Wyclif.
Spenser.

UPTAKE
Up"take`, n. (Steam Boilers)

1. The pipe leading upward from the smoke box of a steam boiler to
the chimney, or smokestack; a flue leading upward.

2. Understanding; apprehension. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

UPTEAR
Up*tear", v. t.

Defn: To tear up. Milton.

UPTHROW
Up*throw", v. t.

Defn: To throw up. Drayton.

UPTHROW
Up"throw`, n. (Mining)

Defn: See Throw, n., 9.

UPTHUNDER
Up*thun"der, v. i.

Defn: To send up a noise like thunder. [R.] Coleridge.

UPTIE
Up*tie", v. t.

Defn: To tie up. Spenser.

UPTILL
Up*till", prep.

Defn: To; against. [Obs. & R.]
She, poor bird, as all forlorn, Leaned her breast uptill a thorn.
Shak.

UP-TO-DATE
Up`-to-date", a.

Defn: Extending to the present time; having style, manners,
knowledge, or other qualities that are abreast of the times. "A
general up-to-date style of presentment."  Nature.

I must prefer to translate the poet in a manner more congenial if
less up-to-date.
Andrew Lang.

UPTOWN
Up*town", adv.

Defn: To or in the upper part of a town; as, to go uptown. [Colloq.
U. S.]

UPTOWN
Up"town`, a.

Defn: Situated in, or belonging to, the upper part of a town or city;
as, a uptown street, shop, etc.; uptown society. [Colloq. U. S.]

UPTRACE
Up*trace", v. t.

Defn: To trace up or out.

UPTRAIN
Up*train", v. t.

Defn: To train up; to educate. [Obs.] "Daughters which were well
uptrained." Spenser.

UP-TRAIN
Up"-train`.

1. A train going in the direction of the metropolis or the main
terminus. [Eng.]

2. A train going in the direction conventionally called up. [U.S.]

UPTURN
Up*turn", v. t.

Defn: To turn up; to direct upward; to throw up; as, to upturn the
ground in plowing. "A sea of upturned faces." D. Webster.
So scented the grim feature, and upturned His nostril wide into the
murky air. Milton.

UPUPA
U"pu*pa, n. Etym: [L., the hoopoe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds which includes the common hoopoe.

UPWAFT
Up*waft", v. t.

Defn: To waft upward. Cowper.

UPWARD; UPWARDS
Up"ward, Up"wards, adv. Etym: [AS. upweardes. See Up-, and -wards.]

1. In a direction from lower to higher; toward a higher place; in a
course toward the source or origin; -- opposed to downward; as, to
tend or roll upward. I. Watts.
Looking inward, we are stricken dumb; looking upward, we speak and
prevail. Hooker.

2. In the upper parts; above.
Dagon his name, sea monster, upward man, And down ward fish. Milton.

3. Yet more; indefinitely more; above; over.
From twenty years old and upward. Num. i. 3.
Upward of, or Upwards of, more than; above.
I have been your wife in this obedience Upward of twenty years. Shak.

UPWARD
Up"ward, a. Etym: [AS. upweard. See Up, and -ward.]

Defn: Directed toward a higher place; as, with upward eye; with
upward course.

UPWARD
Up"ward, n.

Defn: The upper part; the top. [Obs.]
From the extremest upward of thy head. Shak.

UPWHIRL
Up*whirl", v. t. & i.

Defn: To rise upward in a whirl; to raise upward with a whirling
motion.

UPWIND
Up*wind", v. t.

Defn: To wind up. Spenser.

UP-WIND
Up"-wind`, adv.

Defn: Against the wind.

UPWREATH
Up*wreath", v. i.

Defn: To rise with a curling motion; to curl upward, as smoke.
Longfellow.

UPYAT
Up*yat", obs.

Defn: imp. of Upgive. Chaucer.

UR; URE
Ur, Ure, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The urus.

URACHUS
U"ra*chus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A cord or band of fibrous tissue extending from the bladder to
the umbilicus.

URAEMIA
U*ræ"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Accumulation in the blood of the principles of the urine,
producing dangerous disease.

URAEMIC
U*ræ"mic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to uræmia; as, uræmic convulsions.

URAEUM
U*ræ"um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. uraeus, adj.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The posterior half of an animal.

URAEUS
U*ræ"us, n. [NL., fr. L. uraeus pertaining to a tail, Gr. , fr.
tail.] (Egypt. Archæol.)

Defn: A serpent, or serpent's head and neck, represented on the front
of the headdresses of divinities and sovereigns as an emblem of
supreme power.

URAL
U"ral, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, the Urals, a mountain range
between Europe and Asia.

URAL-ALTAIC
U"ral-Al*ta"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Urals and the Altai; as the Ural-
Altaic, or Turanian, languages.

URALI
U"ra*li, n. Etym: [See Wourali.]

Defn: See Curare.

URALIAN; URALIC
U*ra"li*an, U*ral"ic, a.

Defn: Of or relating to the Ural Mountains.

URALITE
U"ral*ite, n. Etym: [So called because first observed in the Ural
Mountains.] (Min.)

Defn: Amphibole resulting from the alternation of pyroxene by
paramorphism. It is not uncommon in massive eruptive rocks.

URALITIZATION
U`ral*i`ti*za"tion, n. (Geol.)

Defn: The change of pyroxene to amphibole by paramorphism.

URAMIL
U*ram"il, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Murexan.

URANATE
U"ra*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of uranic acid.

URANIA
U*ra"ni*a, n. Etym: [L., from Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: One of the nine Muses, daughter of Zeus by Mnemosyne, and
patron of astronomy.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large, brilliantly colored moths native of the West
Indies and South America. Their bright colored and tailed hind wings
and their diurnal flight cause them to closely resemble butterflies.

URANIAN
U*ra"ni*an, a. (Astron.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the planet Uranus; as, the Uranian year.

URANIC
U*ran"ic, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the heavens; celestial; astronomical.
On I know not what telluric or uranic principles. Carlyle.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, resembling, or containing uranium; specifically,
designating those compounds in which uranium has a valence relatively
higher than in uranous compounds.

URANIN
U"ra*nin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaline salt of fluorescein, obtained as a brownish red
substance, which is used as a dye; -- so called from the peculiar
yellowish green fluorescence (resembling that of uranium glass) of
its solutions. See Fluorescein.

URANINITE
U*ran"i*nite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral consisting chiefly of uranium oxide with some lead,
thorium, etc., occurring in black octahedrons, also in masses with a
pitchlike luster; pitchblende.

URANISCOPLASTY
U`ra*nis"co*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Gr. -plasty.] (Surg.)

Defn: The process of forming an artificial palate.

URANISCORAPHY; URANISCORRHAPHY
U`ra*nis*cor"a*phy, U`ra*nis*cor"rha*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: Suture of the palate. See Staphyloraphy.

URANITE
U"ra*nite, n. Etym: [Cf. G. uranit, F. uranite.] (Min.)

Defn: A general term for the uranium phosphates, autunite, or lime
uranite, and torbernite, or copper uranite.

URANITIC
U`ra*nit"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to uranium; containing uranium.

URANIUM
U*ra"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Uranus the planet. See Uranus.]
(Chem.)

Defn: An element of the chromium group, found in certain rare
minerals, as pitchblende, uranite, etc., and reduced as a heavy,
hard, nickel-white metal which is quite permanent. Its yellow oxide
is used to impart to glass a delicate greenish-yellow tint which is
accompanied by a strong fluorescence, and its black oxide is used as
a pigment in porcelain painting. Symbol U. Atomic weight 239.

Note: Uranium was discovered in the state of an oxide by Klaproth in
1789, and so named in honor of Herschel's discovery of the planet
Uranus in 1781.

URAN-OCHER; URAN-OCHRE
U"ran-o`cher, U"ran-o`chre, n. Etym: [Cf. F. uranochre.] (Min.)
(a) A yellow, earthy incrustation, consisting essentially of the
oxide of uranium, but more or less impure.

URANOGRAPHIC; URANOGRAPHICAL
U`ra*no*graph"ic, U`ra*no*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to uranography; as, an uranographic treatise.

URANOGRAPHIST
U`ra*nog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: One practiced in uranography.

URANOGRAPHY
U`ra*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A description or plan of the heavens and the heavenly bodies;
the construction of celestial maps, globes, etc.; uranology.

URANOLITE
U*ran"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.]

Defn: A meteorite or aërolite. [Obs.] Hutton.

URANOLOGY
U`ra*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A discourse or treatise on the heavens and the heavenly bodies;
the study of the heavens; uranography.

URANOMETRIA
U`ra*nom`e*tri"a, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A uranometry.

URANOMETRY
U`ra*nom"e*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -metry.] (Astron.)

Defn: A chart or catalogue of fixed stars, especially of stars
visible to the naked eye.

URANOPLASTY
U"ra*no*plas`ty, n. Etym: [See Uraniscoplasty.] (Surg.)

Defn: The plastic operation for closing a fissure in the hard palate.

URANOSCOPY
U`ra*nos"co*py, n. Etym: [Gr. -scopy.]

Defn: Observation of the heavens or heavenly bodies.

URANOSO-
U`ra*no"so- (, a. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively) from uranium; -- used
in naming certain complex compounds; as in uranoso-uranic oxide,
uranoso-uranic sulphate.

URANOUS
U"ra*nous (u"ra*nûs), a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, uranium; designating those
compounds in which uranium has a lower valence as contrasted with the
uranic compounds.

URANUS
U"ra*nus (-nûs), n. Etym: [L. Uranus, Gr. O'yrano`s Uranus, o'yrano`s
heaven, sky. Cf. Uranium.]

1. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: The son or husband of Gaia (Earth), and father of Chronos
(Time) and the Titans.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: One of the primary planets. It is about 1,800,000,000 miles
from the sun, about 36,000 miles in diameter, and its period of
revolution round the sun is nearly 84 of our years.

Note: This planet has also been called Herschel, from Sir William
Herschel, who discovered it in 1781, and who named it Georgium Sidus,
in honor of George III., then King of England.

URAN-UTAN
U*ran"-u*tan`, (Zoöl.)

Defn: The orang-utang

URANYL
U"ra*nyl, n. Etym: [Uranium + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The radical UO2, conveniently regarded as a residue of many
uranium compounds.

URAO
U*ra"o, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Min.)

Defn: See Trona.

URARE; URARI
U*ra"re, U*ra"ri, n.

Defn: See Curare.

URATE
U"rate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. urate.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A salt of uric acid; as, sodium urate; ammonium urate.

URATIC
U*rat"ic, (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Of or containing urates; as, uratic calculi.

URBAN
Ur"ban, a. Etym: [L. urbanus belonging to the urbs, urbis, a city:
cf. F. urbain. Cf. Urbane.]

1. Of or belonging to a city or town; as, an urban population.

2. Belonging to, or suiting, those living in a city; cultivated;
polite; urbane; as, urban manners. Urban servitude. See Predial
servitude, under Servitude.

URBANE
Ur*bane", a. Etym: [See Urban.]

Defn: Courteous in manners; polite; refined; elegant.

URBANISTE
Ur"ban*iste, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A large and delicious pear or Flemish origin.

URBANITY
Ur*ban"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. urbanitas; cf. F. urbanité.]

1. The quality or state of being urbane; civility or courtesy of
manners; politeness; refinement.
The marquis did the honors of his house with the urbanity of his
country. W. Irving.

2. Polite wit; facetiousness. [Obs.] Dryden.
Raillery in the sauce of civil entertainment; and without some such
tincture of urbanity, good humor falters. L'Estrange.

Syn.
 -- Politeness; suavity; affability; courtesy.

URBANIZE
Ur"ban*ize, v. t.

Defn: To render urban, or urbane; to refine; to polish. Howell.

URBICOLAE
Ur*bic"o*læ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. urbs, urbis, a city + colere
to inhabit.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive family of butterflies, including those known as
skippers (Hesperiadæ).

URBICOLOUS
Ur*bic"o*lous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a city; urban. [R.]

URCEOLAR
Ur"ce*o*lar, a.

Defn: Urceolate.

URCEOLATE; URCELATE
Ur"ce*o*late, Ur"ce*late, a. Etym: [L. urceolus, dim. of urceus a
pitcher or waterpot.] (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Shaped like a pitcher or urn; swelling below, and contrasted at
the orifice, as a calyx or corolla.

URCEOLE
Ur"ce*ole, n. Etym: [See Urceolate.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A vessel for water for washing the hands; also, one to hold
wine or water.

URCEOLUS
Ur*ce"o*lus, n.; pl. Urceoli. Etym: [L., a little pitcher.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any urn-shaped organ of a plant.

URCHIN
Ur"chin, n. Etym: [OE. urchon, irchon, a hedgehog, OF. ireçon,
eriçon, heri, herichon, F. hérisson, a derivative fr. L. ericius,
from er a hedgehog, for her; akin to Gr. Herisson.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hedgehog.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea urchin. See Sea urchin.

3. A mischievous elf supposed sometimes to take the form a hedgehog.
"We 'll dress [them] like urchins, ouphes, and fairies." Shak.

4. A pert or roguish child; -- now commonly used only of a boy.
And the urchins that stand with their thievish eyes Forever on watch
ran off each with a prize. W. Howitt.
You did indeed dissemble, you urchin you; but where's the girl that
won't dissemble for an husband Goldsmith.

5. One of a pair in a series of small card cylinders, arranged around
a carding drum; -- so called from its fancied resemblance to the
hedgehog. Knight. Urchin fish (Zoöl.), a diodon.

URCHIN
Ur"chin, a.

Defn: Rough; pricking; piercing. [R.] "Helping all urchin blasts."
Milton.

URCHON
Ur"chon, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The urchin, or hedgehog.

URDU
Ur"du, n. Etym: [Hind. urdu.]

Defn: The language more generally called Hindoostanee.

URE
Ure, n. Etym: [OE. ure, OF. oevre, ovre, ouvre, work, F. oeuvre, L.
opera. See Opera, Operate, and cf. Inure, Manure.]

Defn: Use; practice; exercise. [Obs.] Fuller.
Let us be sure of this, to put the best in ure That lies in us.
Chapman.

URE
Ure, v. t.

Defn: To use; to exercise; to inure; to accustom by practice. [Obs.]
The French soldiers . . . from their youth have been practiced and
ured in feats of arms. Sir T. More.

UREA
U"re*a, a. Etym: [NL. See Urine.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A very soluble crystalline body which is the chief constituent
of the urine in mammals and some other animals. It is also present in
small quantity in blood, serous fluids, lymph, the liver, etc.

Note: It is the main product of the regressive metamorphosis
(katabolism) of proteid matter in the body, and is excreted daily to
the amount of about 500 grains by a man of average weight. Chemically
it is carbamide, CO(NH2)2, and when heated with strong acids or
alkalies is decomposed into carbonic acid and ammonia. It unites with
acids to form salts, as nitrate of urea, and it can be made
synthetically from ammonium cyanate, with which it is isomeric. Urea
ferment, a soluble ferment formed by certain bacteria, which,
however, yield the ferment from the body of their cells only after
they have been killed by alcohol. It causes urea to take up water and
decompose into carbonic acid and ammonia. Many different bacteria
possess this property, especially Bacterium ureæ and Micrococcus
ureæ, which are found abundantly in urines undergoing alkaline
fermentation.

UREAL
U"re*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to urea; containing, or consisting of, urea;
as, ureal deposits.

UREAMETER
U`re*am"e*ter, n. Etym: [Urea + -meter.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus for the determination of the amount of urea in
urine, in which the nitrogen evolved by the action of certain
reagents, on a given volume of urine, is collected and measured, and
the urea calculated accordingly.

URECHITIN
U`re*chi"tin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside extracted from the leaves of a certain plant
(Urechitis suberecta) as a bitter white crystalline substance.

URECHITOXIN
U`re*chi*tox"in, n. Etym: [Urechitin + toxic + -in.] (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous glucoside found accompanying urechitin, and
extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance.

UREDO
U*re"do, n. Etym: [L., a blast, blight, a burning itch, fr. urere to
burn, to scorch.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the stages in the life history of certain rusts
(Uredinales), regarded at one time as a distinct genus. It is a
summer stage preceding the teleutospore, or winter stage. See
Uredinales, in the Supplement.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Nettle rash. See Urticaria.

UREDOSPORE
U*re"do*spore, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The thin-walled summer spore which is produced during the so-
called Uredo stage of certain rusts. See (in the Supplement)
Uredinales, Heteroecious, etc.

UREIDE
U"re*ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of the many complex derivatives of urea; thus,
hydantoin, and, in an extended dense, guanidine, caffeine, et., are
ureides. [Written also ureid.]

-URET
-u*ret.

Defn: A suffix with the same meaning as -ide. See -ide. [Obs.]

URETER
U*re"ter, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Urine.] (Anat.)

Defn: The duct which conveys the urine from the kidney to the bladder
or cloaca. There are two ureters, one for each kidney.

URETERITIS
U*re`ter*i"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Ureter, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the ureter. Dunglison.

URETHANE
U*reth"ane, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance, NH2.CO.OC2H5, produced by the
action of ammonia on ethyl carbonate. It is used somewhat in medicine
as a hypnotic. By extension, any one of the series of related
substances of which urethane proper is the type.

URETHRA
U*re"thra, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Urine.] (Anat.)

Defn: The canal by which the urine is conducted from the bladder and
discharged.

URETHRAL
U*re"thral, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the urethra. Urethral fever (Med.), fever
occurring as a consequence of operations upon the urethra.

URETHRITIS
U`re*thri"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Urethra, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the urethra.

URETHROPLASTY
U*re"thro*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Urethra + -plasty.] (Surg.)

Defn: An operation for the repair of an injury or a defect in the
walls of the urethra.
 -- U*re`thro*plas"tic, a.

URETHROSCOPE
U*re"thro*scope, n. Etym: [Urethra + -scope.] (Med.)

Defn: An instrument for viewing the interior of the urethra.

URETHROSCOPY
U`re*thros"co*py, n. (Med.)

Defn: Examination of the urethra by means of the urethroscope.

URETHROTOME
U*re"thro*tome, n. Etym: [Urethra + Gr.

Defn: An instrument for cutting a urethral stricture.

URETHROTOMY
U`re*throt"o*my, n. Etym: [Urethra + Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: An incision of the urethra, esp. incision for relief of
urethral stricture.

URETIC
U*ret"ic, a. Etym: [L. ureticus, Gr. Urine.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the urine; diuretic; urinary; as, uretic
medicine.

URGE
Urge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Urged; p. pr. & vb. n. Urging.] Etym: [L.
urgere; akin to E. wreak. See Wreak, v. t.]

1. To press; to push; to drive; to impel; to force onward.
Through the thick deserts headlong urged his flight. Pope.

2. To press the mind or will of; to ply with motives, arguments,
persuasion, or importunity.
My brother never Did urge me in his act; I did inquire it. Shak.

3. To provoke; to exasperate. [R.]
Urge not my father's anger. Shak.

4. To press hard upon; to follow closely
Heir urges heir, like wave impelling wave. Pope.

5. To present in an urgent manner; to press upon attention; to insist
upon; as, to urge an argument; to urge the necessity of a case.

6. To treat with forcible means; to take severe or violent measures
with; as, to urge an ore with intense heat.

Syn.
 -- To animate; incite; impel; instigate; stimulate; encourage.

URGE
Urge, v. i.

1. To press onward or forward. [R.]

2. To be pressing in argument; to insist; to persist.

URGENCE
Ur"gence, n.

Defn: Urgency. [Obs.]

URGENCY
Ur"gen*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. urgence.]

Defn: The quality or condition of being urgent; insistence; pressure;
as, the urgency of a demand or an occasion.

URGENT
Ur"gent, a. Etym: [L. urgens, p. pr. of urgere: cf. F. urgent. See
Urge.]

Defn: Urging; pressing; besetting; plying, with importunity; calling
for immediate attention; instantly important. "The urgent hour."
Shak.
Some urgent cause to ordain the contrary. Hooker.
The Egyptians were urgent upon the people that they might send them
out of the land in haste. Ex. xii. 33.

URGENTLY
Ur"gent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an urgent manner.

URGER
Ur"ger, n.

Defn: One who urges. Beau. & Fl.

URIC
U"ric, a. Etym: [Gr. urique. See Urine.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to urine; obtained from urine; as, uric acid.
Uric acid, a crystalline body, present in small quantity in the urine
of man and most mammals. Combined in the form of urate of ammonia, it
is the chief constituent of the urine of birds and reptiles, forming
the white part. Traces of it are also found in the various organs of
the body. It is likewise a common constituent, either as the free
acid or as a urate, of urinary or renal calculi and of the so-called
gouty concretions. From acid urines, uric acid is frequently
deposited, on standing in a cool place, in the form of a reddish
yellow sediment, nearly always crystalline. Chemically, it is
composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, C5H4N4O3, and by
decomposition yields urea, among other products. It can be made
synthetically by heating together urea and glycocoll. It was formerly
called also lithic acid, in allusion to its occurrence in stone, or
calculus.

URIM
U"rim, n. Etym: [Heb. , pl. of , fire light.]

Defn: A part or decoration of the breastplate of the high priest
among the ancient Jews, by which Jehovah revealed his will on certain
occasions. Its nature has been the subject of conflicting
conjectures.
Thou shall put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the
Thummim. Ex. xxviii. 30.
And when Saul inquired of the Lord, the Lord answered him not,
neither by dreams, nor by Urim, nor by prophets. 1 Sam. xxviii. 6.

Note: Professor Plumptre supposes the Urim to have been a clear and
colorless stone set in the breastplate of the high priest as a symbol
of light, answering to the mystic scarab in the pectoral plate of the
ancient Egyptian priests, and that the Thummim was an image
corresponding to that worn by the priestly judges of Egypt as a
symbol of truth and purity of motive. By gazing steadfastly on these,
he may have been thrown into a mysterious, half ecstatic state, akin
to hypnotism, in which he lost all personal consciousness, and
received a spiritual illumination and insight.

URINAL
U"ri*nal, n. Etym: [L. urinal, fr. urina urine: cf. F. urinal.]

1. A vessel for holding urine; especially, a bottle or tube for
holding urine for inspection.

2. A place or convenience for urinating purposes.

URINARIUM
U`ri*na"ri*um, n. Etym: [LL. urinarium.] (Agric.)

Defn: A reservoir for urine, etc., for manure.

URINARY
U"ri*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. urina urine: cf. F. urinaire.]

1. Of or pertaining to the urine; as, the urinary bladder; urinary
excretions.

2. Resembling, or being of the nature of, urine. Urinary calculus
(Med.), a concretion composed of some one or more crystalline
constituents of the urine, liable to be found in any portion of the
urinary passages or in the pelvis of the kidney.
 -- Urinary pigments, (Physiol. Chem.), certain colored substances,
urochrome, or urobilin, uroerythrin, etc., present in the urine
together with indican, a colorless substance which by oxidation is
convertible into colored bodies.

URINARY
U"ri*na*ry, n.

Defn: A urinarium; also, a urinal.

URINATE
U"ri*nate, v. i. Etym: [LL. urinare.]

Defn: To discharge urine; to make water.

URINATION
U`ri*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of voiding urine; micturition.

URINATIVE
U"ri*na*tive, a.

Defn: Provoking the flow of urine; uretic; diuretic. [R.] Bacon.

URINATOR
U"ri*na`tor, n. Etym: [L., from urinari to plunge under water, to
dive.]

Defn: One who dives under water in search of something, as for
pearls; a diver. [R.] Ray.

URINE
U"rine, n. Etym: [F. urine, L. urina; akin to urinari to plunge under
water, to dive, Gr. var water, Icel. drizzling rain, AS. wær the
sea.] (Physiol.)

Defn: In mammals, a fluid excretion from the kidneys; in birds and
reptiles, a solid or semisolid excretion.

Note: In man, the urine is a clear, transparent fluid of an amber
color and peculiar odor, with an average density of 1.02. The average
amount excreted in 24 hours is from 40 to 60 ounces (about 1,200
cubic centimeters). Chemically, the urine is mainly an aqueous
solution of urea, salt (sodium chloride), and uric acid, together
with some hippuric acid and peculiar pigments. It usually has an acid
reaction, owing to the presence of acid phosphates of soda or free
uric acid. Normally, it contains about 960 parts of water to 40 parts
of solid matter, and the daily average excretion is 35 grams (540
grains) of urea, 0.75 gram (11 grains) of uric acid, and 16.5 grams
(260 grains) of salt. Abnormally, it may contain sugar as in
diabetes, albumen as in Bright's disease, bile pigments as in
jaundice, or abnormal quantities of some one or more of the normal
constituents.

URINE
U"rine, v. i.

Defn: To urinate. [Obs.] Bacon.

URINIFEROUS
U`ri*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Urine + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing or conveying urine; as, uriniferous tubules.

URINIPAROUS
U`ri*nip"a*rous, a. Etym: [Urine + L. parere to produce: cf. F.
urinipare.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Producing or preparing urine; as, the uriniparous tubes in the
cortical portion of the kidney.

URINOGENITAL
U`ri*no*gen"i*tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the urinary and genital organs; genitourinary;
urogenital; as, the urinogenital canal.

URINOMETER
U`ri*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Urine + -meter.]

Defn: A small hydrometer for determining the specific gravity of
urine.

URINOMETRY
U`ri*nom"e*try, n.

Defn: The estimation of the specific gravity of urine by the
urinometer.

URINOSE; URINOUS
U"ri*nose, U"ri*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. urineux. See Urine.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to urine, or partaking of its qualities;
having the character or odor of urine; similar to urine. Arbuthnot.

URITE
U"rite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the segments of the abdomen or post-abdomen of
arthropods.

URITH
U"rith, n.

Defn: The bindings of a hedge. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

URN
Urn, n. Etym: [OE. urne, L. urna; perhaps fr. urere to burn, and sop
called as being made of burnt clay (cf. East): cf. F. urne.]

1. A vessel of various forms, usually a vase furnished with a foot or
pedestal, employed for different purposes, as for holding liquids,
for ornamental uses, for preserving the ashes of the dead after
cremation, and anciently for holding lots to be drawn.
A rustic, digging in the ground by Padua, found an urn, or earthen
pot, in which there was another urn. Bp. Wilkins.
His scattered limbs with my dead body burn, And once more join us in
the pious urn. Dryden.

2. Fig.: Any place of burial; the grave.
Or lay these bones in an unworthy urn, Tombless, with no remembrance
over them. Shak.

3. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A measure of capacity for liquids, containing about three
gallons and a haft, wine measure. It was haft the amphora, and four
times the congius.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: A hollow body shaped like an urn, in which the spores of mosses
are contained; a spore case; a theca.

5. A tea urn. See under Tea. Urn mosses (Bot.), the order of true
mosses; -- so called because the capsules of many kinds are urn-
shaped.

URN
Urn, v. t.

Defn: To inclose in, or as in, an urn; to inurn.
When horror universal shall descend, And heaven's dark concave urn
all human race. Young.

URNAL
Urn"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an urn; effected by an urn or urns. "Urnal
interments." Sir T. Browne.

URNFUL
Urn"ful, n.; pl. Urnfuls (.

Defn: As much as an urn will hold; enough to fill an urn.

URN-SHAPED
Urn"-shaped`, a.

Defn: Having the shape of an urn; as, the urn-shaped capsules of some
mosses.

URO-
U"ro-.

Defn: A combining form fr. Gr. o'y^ron, urine.

URO-
U"ro-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. o'yra`, the tail, the caudal
extremity.

UROBILIN
U`ro*bi"lin, n. Etym: [1st uro- + bile + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A yellow pigment identical with hydrobilirubin, abundant in the
highly colored urine of fever, and also present in normal urine. See
Urochrome.

UROCELE
U"ro*cele, n. Etym: [1st uro + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid swelling of the scrotum due to extravasation of urine
into it.

UROCERATA
U`ro*cer"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of boring Hymenoptera, including Tremex and allied
genera. See Illust. of Horntail.

UROCHORD
U"ro*chord, n. Etym: [2d uro- + chord.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The central axis or cord in the tail of larval ascidians and of
certain adult tunicates. [Written also urocord.]

UROCHORDA
U`ro*chor"da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Urochord.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Tunicata.

UROCHORDAL
U`ro*chor"dal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Urochorda.

UROCHROME
U"ro*chrome, n. Etym: [1st uro- + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A yellow urinary pigment, considered by Thudichum as the only
pigment present in normal urine. It is regarded by Maly as identical
with urobilin.

UROCHS
U"rochs, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Aurochs.

UROCORD
U"ro*cord, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Urochord.

UROCYST
U"ro*cyst, n. Etym: [1st uro- + cyst.] (Anat.)

Defn: The urinary bladder.

URODELA
U`ro*de"la, n. pl. Etym: [NL.; Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of amphibians having the tail well developed and often
long. It comprises the salamanders, tritons, and allied animals.

URODELE
U"ro*dele, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Urodela.

URODELIAN
U`ro*de"li*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Urodela.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Urodela.

UROERYTHRIN
U`ro*e*ryth"rin, n. Etym: [See 1st Uro-, and Erythrin.] (Physiol.
Chem.)

Defn: A reddish urinary pigment, considered as the substance which
gives to the urine of rheumatism its characteristic color. It also
causes the red color often seen in deposits of urates.

UROGASTRIC
U`ro*gas"tric, a. Etym: [2d uro- + gastric.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Behind the stomach; -- said of two lobes of the carapace of
certain crustaceans.

UROGENITAL
U`ro*gen"i*tal, a. Etym: [1st uro- + genital.] (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Urinogenital.

UROGLAUCIN
U`ro*glau"cin, n. Etym: [1st uro- + L. glaucus bright.] (Physiol.
Chem.)

Defn: A body identical with indigo blue, occasionally found in the
urine in degeneration of the kidneys. It is readily formed by
oxidation or decomposition of indican.

UROHAEMATIN
U`ro*hæm"a*tin, n. Etym: [1st uro- + hæmatin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Urinary hæmatin; -- applied to the normal coloring matter of
the urine, on the supposition that it is formed either directly or
indirectly (through bilirubin) from the hæmatin of the blood. See
Urochrome, and Urobilin.

UROHYAL
U`ro*hy"al, a. Etym: [2d uro- + the Gr. letter (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to one or more median and posterior elements
in the hyoidean arch of fishes.
 -- n.

Defn: A urohyal bone or cartilage.

UROLOGY
U*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [1st uro- + -logy.] (Med.)

Defn: See Uronology.

UROMERE
U"ro*mere, n. Etym: [2d uro- + -mere.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of the abdominal segments of an arthropod.

URONOLOGY
U`ro*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Med.)

Defn: That part of medicine which treats of urine. Dunglison.

UROPOD
U"ro*pod, n. Etym: [2d uro- + -pod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of the abdominal appendages of a crustacean, especially
one of the posterior ones, which are often larger than the rest, and
different in structure, and are used chiefly in locomotion. See
Illust. of Crustacea, and Stomapoda.

UROPODAL
U*rop"o*dal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a uropod.

UROPOETIC
U`ro*po*et"ic, a. Etym: [1st uro- + Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: Producing, or favoring the production of, urine.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a system of organs which
eliminate nitrogenous waste matter from the blood of certain
invertebrates.

UROPYGIAL
U`ro*pyg"i*al, a. Etym: [See Uropygium.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the uropygium, or prominence at the base of
the tail feathers, in birds. Uropygial gland, a peculiar sebaceous
gland at the base of the tail feathers in most birds. It secretes an
oily fluid which is spread over the feathers by preening.

UROPYGIUM
U`ro*pyg"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The prominence at the posterior extremity of a bird's body,
which supports the feathers of the tail; the rump; -- sometimes
called pope's nose.

UROSACRAL
U`ro*sa"cral, a. Etym: [2d uro- + sacral.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to both the caudal and sacral parts of the
vertebral column; as, the urosacral vertebræ of birds.

UROSCOPY
U*ros"co*py, n. Etym: [1st uro- + -scopy: cf. F. uroscopie.]

Defn: The diagnosis of diseases by inspection of urine. Sir T.
Browne.

UROSOME
U"ro*some, n. Etym: [2d uro- + -some body.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The abdomen, or post-abdomen, of arthropods.

UROSTEGE
U"ro*stege, n. Etym: [2d uro- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the plates on the under side of the tail of a serpent.

UROSTEON
U*ros"te*on, n.; pl. L. Urostea, E. Urosteons. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Anat.)

Defn: A median ossification back of the lophosteon in the sternum of
some birds.

UROSTERNITE
U`ro*ster"nite, n. Etym: [2d uro- + sternum.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sternal, or under piece, of any one of the uromeres of
insects and other arthropods.

UROSTYLE
U"ro*style, n. Etym: [2d uro- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A styliform process forming the posterior extremity of the
vertebral column in some fishes and amphibians.

UROX
U"rox, n. Etym: [See Aurochs, and cf. Urus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The aurochs.

UROXANATE
U*rox"a*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of uroxanic acid.

UROXANIC
U`rox*an"ic, a. Etym: [Uric + alloxan.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C5H8N4O6, which is
obtained, as a white crystalline substance, by the slow oxidation of
uric acid in alkaline solution.

UROXANTHIN
U`ro*xan"thin, n. Etym: [1st uro- + xanthin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Same as Indican.

URRHODIN
Ur*rho"din, n. Etym: [1st uro- + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Indigo red, a product of the decomposition, or oxidation, of
indican. It is sometimes found in the sediment of pathological
urines. It is soluble in ether or alcohol, giving the solution a
beautiful red color. Also called indigrubin.

URRY
Ur"ry, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. uir, uireach, mold, clay.]

Defn: A sort of blue or black clay lying near a vein of coal.

URSA
Ur"sa, n. Etym: [L. ursa a she-bear, also, a constellation, fem. of
ursus a bear. Cf. Arctic.] (Astron.)

Defn: Either one of the Bears. See the Phrases below. Ursa Major
Etym: [L.], the Great Bear, one of the most conspicuous of the
northern constellations. It is situated near the pole, and contains
the stars which form the Dipper, or Charles's Wain, two of which are
the Pointers, or stars which point towards the North Star.
 -- Ursa Minor Etym: [L.], the Little Bear, the constellation nearest
the north pole. It contains the north star, or polestar, which is
situated in the extremity of the tail.

URSAL
Ur"sal, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ursine seal. See the Note under 1st Seal.

URSIFORM
Ur"si*form, a. Etym: [L. ursus, ursa, a bear + -form.]

Defn: Having the shape of a bear.

URSINE
Ur"sine, a. Etym: [L. ursinus, from ursus a bear. See Ursa.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a bear; resembling a bear. Ursine baboon.
(Zoöl.) See Chacma.
 -- Ursine dasyure (Zoöl.), the Tasmanian devil.
 -- Ursine howler (Zoöl.), the araguato. See Illust. under Howler.
 -- Ursine seal. (Zoöl.) See Sea bear, and the Note under 1st Seal.

URSON
Ur"son, n. Etym: [Cf. Urchin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Canada porcupine. See Porcupine.

URSUK
Ur"suk, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bearded seal.

URSULA
Ur"su*la, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beautiful North American butterfly (Basilarchia, or
Limenitis, astyanax). Its wings are nearly black with red and blue
spots and blotches. Called also red-spotted purple.

URSULINE
Ur"su*line, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ursuline.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: One of an order of nuns founded by St. Angela Merici, at
Brescia, in Italy, about the year 1537, and so called from St.
Ursula, under whose protection it was placed. The order was
introduced into Canada as early as 1639, and into the United States
in 1727. The members are devoted entirely to education.

URSULINE
Ur"su*line, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to St. Ursula, or the order of Ursulines; as,
the Ursuline nuns.

URSUS
Ur"sus, n. Etym: [L., a bear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Carnivora including the common bears.

URTICA
Ur*ti"ca, n. Etym: [L., a nettle.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including the common nettles. See Nettle, n.

URTICACEOUS
Ur`ti*ca"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order (Urticaceæ) of plants, of
which the nettle is the type. The order includes also the hop, the
elm, the mulberry, the fig, and many other plants.

URTICAL
Ur"tic*al, a.

Defn: Resembling nettles; -- said of several natural orders allied to
urticaceous plants.

URTICARIA
Ur`ti*ca"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Urtica.] (Med.)

Defn: The nettle rash, a disease characterized by a transient
eruption of red pimples and of wheals, accompanied with a burning or
stinging sensation and with itching; uredo.

URTICATE
Ur"ti*cate, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Urticated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Urticating.]

Defn: To sting with, or as with, nettles; to irritate; to annoy. G.
A. Sala.

URTICATION
Ur`ti*ca"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: The act or process of whipping or stinging with nettles; --
sometimes used in the treatment of paralysis.

URUBU
U*ru*bu", n. Etym: [Cf. Pg. urubú a certain Brazilian bird.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The black vulture (Catharista atrata). It ranges from the
Southern United States to South America. See Vulture.

URUS
U"rus, n. Etym: [L.; of Teutonic origin. See Aurochs.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large, powerful, and savage extinct bovine animal (Bos
urus or primigenius) anciently abundant in Europe. It appears to have
still existed in the time of Julius Cæsar. It had very large horns,
and was hardly capable of domestication. Called also, ur, ure, and
tur.

URVA
Ur"va, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crab-eating ichneumon (Herpestes urva), native of India.
The fur is black, annulated with white at the tip of each hair, and a
white streak extends from the mouth to the shoulder.

US
Us, pron. Etym: [OE. us, AS. ; akin to OFries. & OS. , D. ons, G.
uns, Icel. & Sw. oss, Dan. os, Goth. uns, L. nos we, us, Gr. nas us.
Nostrum, Our.]

Defn: The persons speaking, regarded as an object; ourselves; -- the
objective case of we. See We. "Tell us a tale." Chaucer.
Give us this day our daily bread. Matt. vi. 11.

USABLE
Us"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being used.

USAGE
Us"age, n. Etym: [F. usage, LL. usaticum. See Use.]

1. The act of using; mode of using or treating; treatment; conduct
with respect to a person or a thing; as, good usage; ill usage; hard
usage.
My brother Is prisoner to the bishop here, at whose hands He hath
good usage and great liberty. Shak.

2. Manners; conduct; behavior. [Obs.]
A gentle nymph was found, Hight Astery, excelling all the crew In
courteous usage. Spenser.

3. Long-continued practice; customary mode of procedure; custom;
habitual use; method. Chaucer.
It has now been, during many years, the grave and decorous usage of
Parliaments to hear, in respectful silence, all expressions,
acceptable or unacceptable, which are uttered from the throne.
Macaulay.

4. Customary use or employment, as of a word or phrase in a
particular sense or signification.

5. Experience. [Obs.]
In eld [old age] is both wisdom and usage. Chaucer.

Syn.
 -- Custom; use; habit.
 -- Usage, Custom. These words, as here compared, agree in expressing
the idea of habitual practice; but a custom is not necessarily a
usage. A custom may belong to many, or to a single individual. A
usage properly belongs to the great body of a people. Hence, we speak
of usage, not of custom, as the law of language. Again, a custom is
merely that which has been often repeated, so as to have become, in a
good degree, established. A usage must be both often repeated and of
long standing. Hence, we speak of a "hew custom," but not of a "new
usage." Thus, also, the "customs of society" is not so strong an
expression as the "usages of society." "Custom, a greater power than
nature, seldom fails to make them worship." Locke. "Of things once
received and confirmed by use, long usage is a law sufficient."
Hooker. In law, the words usage and custom are often used
interchangeably, but the word custom also has a technical and
restricted sense. See Custom, n., 3.

USAGER
Us"a*ger, n. Etym: [F. usager.]

Defn: One who has the use of anything in trust for another. [Obs.]
Daniel.

USANCE
Us"ance, n. Etym: [F. See Use, v. t.]

1. Use; usage; employment. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Custom; practice; usage. [Obs.] Gower. Chaucer.

3. Interest paid for money; usury. [Obs.] Shak.

4. (Com.)

Defn: The time, fixed variously by the usage between different
countries, when a bill of exchange is payable; as, a bill drawn on
London at one usance, or at double usance.

USANT
Us"ant, a. Etym: [OF.]

Defn: Using; accustomed. [Obs.] "Usant for to steal." Chaucer.

USBEGS; USBEKS
Us"begs, Us"beks, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A Turkish tribe which about the close of the 15th century
conquered, and settled in, that part of Asia now called Turkestan.
[Written also Uzbecks, and Uzbeks.]

USE
Use, n. Etym: [OE. us use, usage, L. usus, from uti, p. p. usus, to
use. See Use, v. t.]

1. The act of employing anything, or of applying it to one's service;
the state of being so employed or applied; application; employment;
conversion to some purpose; as, the use of a pen in writing; his
machines are in general use.
Books can never teach the use of books. Bacon.
This Davy serves you for good uses. Shak.
When he framed All things to man's delightful use. Milton.

2. Occasion or need to employ; necessity; as, to have no further use
for a book. Shak.

3. Yielding of service; advantage derived; capability of being used;
usefulness; utility.
God made two great lights, great for their use To man. Milton.
'T is use alone that sanctifies expense. Pope.

4. Continued or repeated practice; customary employment; usage;
custom; manner; habit.
Let later age that noble use envy. Spenser.
How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable, Seem to me all the uses of
this world! Shak.

5. Common occurrence; ordinary experience. [R.]
O Cæsar! these things are beyond all use. Shak.

6. (Eccl.)

Defn: The special form of ritual adopted for use in any diocese; as,
the Sarum, or Canterbury, use; the Hereford use; the York use; the
Roman use; etc.
From henceforth all the whole realm shall have but one use. Pref. to
Book of Common Prayer.

7. The premium paid for the possession and employment of borrowed
money; interest; usury. [Obs.]
Thou art more obliged to pay duty and tribute, use and principal, to
him. Jer. Taylor.

8. Etym: [In this sense probably a corruption of OF. oes, fr. L. opus
need, business, employment, work. Cf. Operate.] (Law)

Defn: The benefit or profit of lands and tenements. Use imports a
trust and confidence reposed in a man for the holding of lands. He to
whose use or benefit the trust is intended shall enjoy the profits.
An estate is granted and limited to A for the use of B.

9. (Forging)

Defn: A stab of iron welded to the side of a forging, as a shaft,
near the end, and afterward drawn down, by hammering, so as to
lengthen the forging. Contingent, or Springing, use (Law), a use to
come into operation on a future uncertain event.
 -- In use. (a) In employment; in customary practice observance. (b)
In heat; -- said especially of mares. J. H. Walsh.
 -- Of no use, useless; of no advantage.
 -- Of use, useful; of advantage; profitable.
 -- Out of use, not in employment.
 -- Resulting use (Law), a use, which, being limited by the deed,
expires or can not vest, and results or returns to him who raised it,
after such expiration.
 -- Secondary, or Shifting, use, a use which, though executed, may
change from one to another by circumstances. Blackstone.
 -- Statute of uses (Eng. Law), the stat. 27 Henry VIII., cap. 10,
which transfers uses into possession, or which unites the use and
possession.
 -- To make use of, To put to use, to employ; to derive service from;
to use.

USE
Use, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Used; p. pr. & vb. n. Using.] Etym: [OE.
usen, F. user to use, use up, wear out, LL. usare to use, from L.
uti, p. p. usus, to use, OL. oeti, oesus; of uncertain origin. Cf.
Utility.]

1. To make use of; to convert to one's service; to avail one's self
of; to employ; to put a purpose; as, to use a plow; to use a chair;
to use time; to use flour for food; to use water for irrigation.
Launcelot Gobbo, use your legs. Shak.
Some other means I have which may be used. Milton.

2. To behave toward; to act with regard to; to treat; as, to use a
beast cruelly. "I will use him well." Shak.
How wouldst thou use me now Milton.
Cato has used me ill. Addison.

3. To practice customarily; to make a practice of; as, to use
diligence in business.
Use hospitality one to another. 1 Pet. iv. 9.

4. To accustom; to habituate; to render familiar by practice; to
inure; -- employed chiefly in the passive participle; as, men used to
cold and hunger; soldiers used to hardships and danger.
I am so used in the fire to blow. Chaucer.
Thou with thy compeers, Used to the yoke, draw'st his triumphant
wheels. Milton.
To use one's self, to behave. [Obs.] "Pray, forgive me, if I have
used myself unmannerly." Shak.
 -- To use up. (a) To consume or exhaust by using; to leave nothing
of; as, to use up the supplies. (b) To exhaust; to tire out; to leave
no capacity of force or use in; to overthrow; as, he was used up by
fatigue. [Colloq.]

Syn.
 -- Employ.
 -- Use, Employ. We use a thing, or make use of it, when we derive
from it some enjoyment or service. We employ it when we turn that
service into a particular channel. We use words to express our
general meaning; we employ certain technical terms in reference to a
given subject. To make use of, implies passivity in the thing; as, to
make use of a pen; and hence there is often a material difference
between the two words when applied to persons. To speak of "making
use of another" generally implies a degrading idea, as if we had used
him as a tool; while employ has no such sense. A confidential friend
is employed to negotiate; an inferior agent is made use of on an
intrigue.
I would, my son, that thou wouldst use the power Which thy discretion
gives thee, to control And manage all. Cowper.
To study nature will thy time employ: Knowledge and innocence are
perfect joy. Dryden.

USE
Use, v. i.

1. To be wont or accustomed; to be in the habit or practice; as, he
used to ride daily; -- now disused in the present tense, perhaps
because of the similarity in sound, between "use to," and "used to."
They use to place him that shall be their captain on a stone.
Spenser.
Fears use to be represented in an imaginary. Bacon.
Thus we use to say, it is the room that smokes, when indeed it is the
fire in the room. South.
Now Moses used to take the tent and to pitch it without the camp. Ex.
xxxiii. 7 (Rev. Ver.)

2. To be accustomed to go; to frequent; to inhabit; to dwell; --
sometimes followed by of. [Obs.] "Where never foot did use." Spenser.
He useth every day to a merchant's house. B. Jonson.
Ye valleys low, where the mild whispers use Of shades, and wanton
winds, and gushing brooks. Milton.

USEFUL
Use"ful, a.

Defn: Full of use, advantage, or profit; producing, or having power
to produce, good; serviceable for any end or object; helpful toward
advancing any purpose; beneficial; profitable; advantageous; as,
vessels and instruments useful in a family; books useful for
improvement; useful knowledge; useful arts.
To what can I useful! Milton.

USEFULLY
Use"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In a useful manner.

USEFULNESS
Use"ful*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being useful; utility; serviceableness;
advantage. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Utility; value; profit. See Utility.

USELESS
Use"less, a.

Defn: Having, or being of, no use; unserviceable; producing no good
end; answering no valuable purpose; not advancing the end proposed;
unprofitable; ineffectual; as, a useless garment; useless pity.
Not to sit idle with so great a gift Useless, and thence ridiculous.
Milton.

Syn.
 -- Fruitless; ineffectual.
 -- Useless, Fruitless, Ineffectual. We speak of an attempt, effort,
etc., as being useless when there are in it inherent difficulties
which forbid the hope of success, as fruitless when it fails, not
from any such difficulties, but from some unexpected hindrance
arising to frustrate it; as, the design was rendered fruitless by the
death of its projector. Ineffectual nearly resembles fruitless, but
implies a failure of a less hopeless character; as, after several
ineffectual efforts, I at last succeeded.
Useless are all words Till you have writ "performance" with your
swords. The other is for waiving. Beau. & Fl.
Waiving all searches into antiquity, in relation to this controversy,
as being either needless or fruitless. Waterland.
Even our blessed Savior's preaching, who spake as never man spake,
was ineffectual to many. Bp. Stillingfleet.
-- Use"less*ly, adv.
 -- Use"less*ness, n.

USER
Us"er, n.

1. One who uses. Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: Enjoyment of property; use. Mozley & W.

U-SHAPED
U"-shaped`, a.

Defn: Having the form of the letter U; specif. (Phys. Geog.),

Defn: of valleys, resembling a broad U in cross profile.

USHER
Ush"er, n. Etym: [OE. ussher, uschere, OF. ussier, uisser, oissier,
hussier, huissier, fr. L. ostiarius a doorkeeper, fr. ostium a door,
entrance, fr. os mouth. See Oral, and cf. Ostiary.]

1. An officer or servant who has the care of the door of a court,
hall, chamber, or the like; hence, an officer whose business it is to
introduce strangers, or to walk before a person of rank. Also, one
who escorts persons to seats in a church, theater, etc. "The ushers
and the squires." Chaucer.
These are the ushers of Marcius. Shak.

Note: There are various officers of this kind attached to the royal
household in England, including the gentleman usher of the black rod,
who attends in the House of Peers during the sessions of Parliament,
and twelve or more gentlemen ushers. See Black rod.

2. An under teacher, or assistant master, in a school.

USHER
Ush"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ushered; p. pr. & vb. n. Ushering.]

Defn: To introduce or escort, as an usher, forerunner, or harbinger;
to forerun; -- sometimes followed by in or forth; as, to usher in a
stranger; to usher forth the guests; to usher a visitor into the
room.
The stars that usher evening rose. Milton.
The Examiner was ushered into the world by a letter, setting forth
the great genius of the author. Addison.

USHERANCE
Ush"er*ance, n.

Defn: The act of ushering, or the state of being ushered in. [Obs.]
Shaftesbury.

USHERDOM
Ush"er*dom, n.

Defn: The office or position of an usher; ushership; also, ushers,
collectively. [R.]

USHERLESS
Ush"er*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of an usher. Marston.

USHERSHIP
Ush"er*ship, n.

Defn: The office of an usher; usherdom.

USITATIVE
Us"i*ta*tive, a. Etym: [L. usitari to use often.]

Defn: Denoting usual or customary action. "The usitative aorist."
Alford.

USNEA
Us"ne*a, n. Etym: [NL., from Ar. usnah moss.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of lichens, most of the species of which have long,
gray, pendulous, and finely branched fronds. Usnea barbata is the
common bearded lichen which grows on branches of trees in northern
forests.

USNIC
Us"nic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a complex acid obtained, as a
yellow crystalline substance, from certain genera of lichens (Usnea,
Parmelia, etc.).

USQUEBAUGH
Us"que*baugh, n. Etym: [Ir. or Gael. uisge beatha, literally, water
of life; uisge water + beatha life; akin to Gr. bi`os life. See
Quick, a., and cf. Whisky.]

1. A compound distilled spirit made in Ireland and Scotland; whisky.
The Scottish returns being vested in grouse, white hares, pickled
salmon, and usquebaugh. Sir W. Scott.

2. A liquor compounded of brandy, or other strong spirit, raisins,
cinnamon and other spices. Brande & C.

USSELF
Us`self", n. pl.

Defn: Ourselves. [Obs.] Wyclif. Piers Plowman. Chaucer.

USTION
Us"tion, n. Etym: [L. ustio, fr. urere, ustum, to burn: cf. F.
ustion.]

Defn: The act of burning, or the state of being burned. [R.] Johnson.

USTORIOUS
Us*to"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. urere, ustum, to burn.]

Defn: Having the quality of burning. [R.] I. Watts.

USTULATE
Us"tu*late, a. Etym: [L. ustulatus, p. p. of ustulare to scorch,
urere to burn.]

Defn: Blackened as if burned.

USTULATION
Us`tu*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ustulation.]

1. The act of burning or searing. [R.] Sir W. Petty.

2. (Old Chem.)

Defn: The operation of expelling one substance from another by heat,
as sulphur or arsenic from ores, in a muffle.

3. (Pharm.)
(a) The roasting or drying of moist substances so as prepare them for
pulverizing.
(b) The burning of wine.

4. Lascivious passion; concupiscence. [Obs.]
It is not certain that they took the better part when they chose
ustulation before marriage, expressly against the apostle. Jer.
Taylor.

USUAL
U"su*al, a. Etym: [L. usualis, from usus use: cf. F. usuel. See Use,
n.]

Defn: Such as is in common use; such as occurs in ordinary practice,
or in the ordinary course of events; customary; ordinary; habitual;
common.
Consultation with oracles was a thing very usual and frequent in
their times. Hooker.
We can make friends of these usual enemies. Baxter.
-- U"su*al*ly, adv.
 -- U"su*al*ness, n.

USUCAPTION
U`su*cap"tion, n. Etym: [L. usucapere, usucaptum, to acquire by long
use; usu (ablative of usus use) + capere to take: cf. usucapio
usucaption.] (Roman Law)

Defn: The acquisition of the title or right to property by the
uninterrupted possession of it for a certain term prescribed by law;
-- the same as prescription in common law.

USUFRUCT
U"su*fruct, n. Etym: [L. usufructus, ususfructus, usus et fructus;
usus use + fructus fruit.] (Law)

Defn: The right of using and enjoying the profits of an estate or
other thing belonging to another, without impairing the substance.
Burrill.

USUFRUCTUARY
U`su*fruc"tu*a*ry, n. Etym: [L. usufructuarius.] (Law)

Defn: A person who has the use of property and reaps the profits of
it. Wharton.

USUFRUCTUARY
U`su*fruc"tu*a*ry, a. (Law)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a usufruct; having the nature of a
usufruct.
The ordinary graces bequeathed by Christ to his church, as the
usufructuary property of all its members. Coleridge.

USURARIOUS; USURARY
U`su*ra"ri*ous, U"su*ra*ry, a. Etym: [L. usurarius that serves for
use, that pays interest. See Usurer.]

Defn: Usurious. [Obs.] "Usurarious contracts." Jer. Taylor. Bp. Hall.

USURE
U"sure, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Usured; p. pr. & vb. n. Usuring.] Etym:
[Cf. OF. usurer, LL. usurare.]

Defn: To practice usury; to charge unlawful interest. [Obs.] "The
usuringb senate." Shak.
I usured not ne to me usured any man. Wyclif (Jer. xv. 10).

USURE
U"sure, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Usury. [Obs.] Wyclif.
Foul usure and lucre of villainy. Chaucer.

USURER
U"su*rer, n. Etym: [F. usurier, LL. usurarius. See Usury, and cf.
Usurarious.]

1. One who lends money and takes interest for it; a money lender.
[Obs.]
If thou lend money to any of my people that is poor by thee, thou
shalt not be to him as a usurer, neither shalt thou lay upon him
usury. Ex. xxii. 25.

2. One who lends money at a rate of interest beyond that established
by law; one who exacts an exorbitant rate of interest for the use of
money.
He was wont to call me usurer. Shak.

USURIOUS
U*su"ri*ous, a. Etym: [From Usury.]

1. Practicing usury; taking illegal or exorbitant interest for the
use of money; as, a usurious person.

2. Partaking of usury; containing or involving usury; as, a usurious
contract.
 -- U*su"ri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- U*su"ri*ous*ness, n.

USURP
U*surp", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Usurped; p. pr. & vb. n. Usurping.]
Etym: [L. usurpare, usurpatum, to make use of, enjoy, get possession
of, usurp; the first part of usurpare is akin to usus use (see Use,
n.): cf. F. usurper.]

Defn: To seize, and hold in possession, by force, or without right;
as, to usurp a throne; to usurp the prerogatives of the crown; to
usurp power; to usurp the right of a patron is to oust or dispossess
him.
Alack, thou dost usurp authority. Shak.
Another revolution, to get rid of this illegitimate and usurped
government, would of course be perfectly justifiable. Burke.

Note: Usurp is applied to seizure and use of office, functions,
powers, rights, etc.; it is not applied to common dispossession of
private property.

Syn.
 -- To arrogate; assume; appropriate.

USURP
U*surp", v. i.

Defn: To commit forcible seizure of place, power, functions, or the
like, without right; to commit unjust encroachments; to be, or act
as, a usurper.
The parish churches on which the Presbyterians and fanatics had
usurped. Evelyn.
And now the Spirits of the Mind Are busy with poor Peter Bell; Upon
the rights of visual sense Usurping, with a prevalence More terrible
than magic spell. Wordsworth.

USURPANT
U*surp"ant, a. Etym: [L. usurpans, p. pr.]

Defn: Usurping; encroaching. [Obs.] Gauden.

USURPATION
U`sur*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. usurpatio making use, usurpation: cf. F.
usurpation.]

1. The act of usurping, or of seizing and enjoying; an authorized,
arbitrary assumption and exercise of power, especially an infringing
on the rights of others; specifically, the illegal seizure of
sovereign power; -- commonly used with of, also used with on or upon;
as, the usurpation of a throne; the usurpation of the supreme power.

He contrived their destruction, with the usurpation of the regal
dignity upon him. Sir T. More.
A law [of a State] which is a usurpation upon the general government.
O. Ellsworth.
Manifest usurpation on the rights of other States. D. Webster.

Note: Usurpation, in a peculiar sense, formerly denoted the absolute
ouster and dispossession of the patron of a church, by a stranger
presenting a clerk to a vacant benefice, who us thereupon admitted
and instituted.

2. Use; usage; custom. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

USURPATORY
U*surp"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. usurpatorius.]

Defn: Marked by usurpation; usurping. [R.]

USURPATURE
U*surp"a*ture, n.

Defn: Usurpation. [R.] "Beneath man's usurpature." R. Browning.

USURPER
U*surp"er, n.

Defn: One who usurps; especially, one who seizes illegally on
sovereign power; as, the usurper of a throne, of power, or of the
rights of a patron.
A crown will not want pretenders to claim it, not usurpers, if their
power serves them, to possess it. South.

USURPINGLY
U*surp"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a usurping manner.

USURY
U"su*ry, n. Etym: [OE. usurie, usure, F. usure, L. usura use, usury,
interest, fr. uti, p. p. usus, to use. See Use, v. t.]

1. A premium or increase paid, or stipulated to be paid, for a loan,
as of money; interest. [Obs. or Archaic]
Thou shalt not lend upon usury to thy brother; usury of money, usury
of victuals, usury of anything that is lent upon usury. Deut. xxiii.
19.
Thou oughtest therefore to have put my money to the exchanges, and
then at my coming I should have received mine own with usury. Matt.
xxv. 27.
What he borrows from the ancients, he repays with usury of Dryden.

2. The practice of taking interest. [Obs.]
Usury . . . bringeth the treasure of a realm or state into a few
Bacon.

3. (Law)

Defn: Interest in excess of a legal rate charged to a borrower for
the use of money.

Note: The practice of requiring in repayment of money lent anything
more than the amount lent, was formerly thought to be a great moral
wrong, and the greater, the more was taken. Now it is not deemed more
wrong to take pay for the use of money than for the use of a house,
or a horse, or any other property. But the lingering influence of the
former opinion, together with the fact that the nature of money makes
it easier for the lender to oppress the borrower, has caused nearly
all Christian nations to fix by law the rate of compensation for the
use of money. Of late years, however, the opinion that money should
be borrowed and repaid, or bought and sold, upon whatever terms the
parties should agree to, like any other property, has gained ground
everywhere. Am. Cyc.

UT
Ut, n. (Min.)

Defn: The first note in Guido's musical scale, now usually superseded
by do. See Solmization.

UTAS
U"tas, n. Etym: [OF. huitieves, witieves, witaves, oitieves, pl. of
huitieve, witieve, etc., eighth, L. octavus. See Octave, n.] [Written
also utis.]

1. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: The eighth day after any term or feast; the octave; as, the
utas of St. Michael. Cowell.
The marriage was celebrated and Canterbury, and in the utas of St.
Hilary next ensuing she was crowned. Holinshed.

2. Hence, festivity; merriment. [Obs.] Shak.

UTENSIL
U*ten"sil, n. Etym: [F. utensile, ustensile, L. utensile, fr.
utensilis that may be used, fit for use, fr. uti, p. p. usus, to use.
See Use, v. t.]

Defn: That which is used; an instrument; an implement; especially, an
instrument or vessel used in a kitchen, or in domestic and farming
business.
Wagons fraught with utensils of war. Milton.

UTERINE
U"ter*ine, a. Etym: [L. uterinus born of the same mother, from uterus
womb: cf. F. utérin.]

1. Of or instrument to the uterus, or womb.

2. Born of the same mother, but by a different father.
Walter Pope, uterine brother to Dr. Joh. WilkiWood.

UTEROGESTATION
U`te*ro*ges*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Uterus + gestation.]

Defn: Gestation in the womb from conception to birth; pregnancy.
Pritchard.

UTEROVAGINAL
U`te*ro*vag"i*nal, n. Etym: [Uterus + vaginal.]

Defn: Pertaining to both the uterus and the vagina.

UTERUS
U"te*rus, n. Etym: [L.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The organ of a female mammal in which the young are developed
previous to birth; the womb.

Note: The uterus is simply an enlargement of the oviduct, and in the
lower mammals there is one on each side, but in the higher forms the
two become more or less completely united into one. In many male
mammals there is a small vesicle, opening into the urinogenital
canal, which corresponds to the uterus of the female and is called
the male uterus, or Etym: [NL.] uterus masculinus.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A receptacle, or pouch, connected with the oviducts of many
invertebrates in which the eggs are retained until they hatch or
until the embryos develop more or less. See Illust. of Hermaphrodite
in Append.

UTES
Utes, n. pl.; sing. Ute. (Ethnol.)

Defn: An extensive tribe of North American Indians of the Shoshone
stock, inhabiting Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, and adjacent
regions. They are subdivided into several subordinate tribes, some of
which are among the most degraded of North American Indians.

UTIA
U"ti*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of large West Indian rodents of the genus Capromys,
or Utia. In general appearance and habits they resemble rats, but
they are as large as rabbits.

UTICA
U"ti*ca, a. Etym: [So called from Utica, in New York.] (Geol.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a subdivision of the Trenton
Period of the Lower Silurian, characterized in the State of New York
by beds of shale.

UTILE
U"tile, a. Etym: [L. utilis, fr. uti to use: cf. F. utile. See Use,
v. t.]

Defn: Profitable; useful. [Obs.]

UTILITARIAN
U*til`i*ta"ri*an, a. Etym: [See Utility.]

1. Of or pertaining to utility; consisting in utility; as,
utilitarian narrowness; a utilitarian indifference to art.

2. Of or pertaining to utilitarianism; supporting utilitarianism; as,
the utilitarian view of morality; the Utilitarian Society. J. S.
Mill.

UTILITARIAN
U*til`i*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who holds the doctrine of utilitarianism.
The utilitarians are for merging all the particular virtues into one,
and would substitute in their place the greatest usefulness, as the
alone principle to which every question respecting the morality of
actions should be referred. Chalmers.
But what is a utilitarian Simply one who prefers the useful to the
useless; and who does not Sir W. Hamilton.

UTILITARIANISM
U*til`i*ta"ri*an*ism, n.

1. The doctrine that the greatest happiness of the greatest number
should be the end and aim of all social and political institutions.
Bentham.

2. The doctrine that virtue is founded in utility, or that virtue is
defined and enforced by its tendency to promote the highest happiness
of the universe. J. S. Mill.

3. The doctrine that utility is the sole standard of morality, so
that the rectitude of an action is determined by its usefulness.

UTILITY
U*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [OE. utilite, F. utilité, L. utilitas, fr.
utilis useful. See Utile.]

1. The quality or state of being useful; usefulness; production of
good; profitableness to some valuable end; as, the utility of manure
upon land; the utility of the sciences; the utility of medicines.
The utility of the enterprises was, however, so great and obvious
that all opposition proved useless. Macaulay.

2. (Polit. Econ.)

Defn: Adaptation to satisfy the desires or wants; intrinsic value.
See Note under Value, 2.
Value in use is utility, and nothing else, and in political economy
should be called by that name and no other. F. A. Walker.

3. Happiness; the greatest good, or happiness, of the greatest
number, -- the foundation of utilitarianism. J. S. Mill.

Syn.
 -- Usefulness; advantageous; benefit; profit; avail; service.
 -- Utility, Usefulness. Usefulness has an Anglo-Saxon prefix,
utility is Latin; and hence the former is used chiefly of things in
the concrete, while the latter is employed more in a general and
abstract sense. Thus, we speak of the utility of an invention, and
the usefulness of the thing invented; of the utility of an
institution, and the usefulness of an individual. So beauty and
utility (not usefulness) are brought into comparison. Still, the
words are often used interchangeably.

UTILIZABLE
U"til*i`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being utilized; as, the utilizable products of the
gas works.

UTILIZATION
U`til*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. utilization.]

Defn: The act of utilizing, or the state of being utilized.

UTILIZE
U"til*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Utilized; p. pr. & vb. n. Utilizing.]
Etym: [Cf. F. utiliser.]

Defn: To make useful; to turn to profitable account or use; to make
use of; as, to utilize the whole power of a machine; to utilize one's
opportunities.
In former ages, the mile-long corridors, with their numerous alcoves,
might have been utilized as . . . dungeons. Hawthorne.

UTI POSSIDETIS
U`ti pos`si*de"tis. Etym: [L., as you possess.]

1. (Internat. Law)

Defn: The basis or principle of a treaty which leaves belligerents
mutually in possession of what they have acquired by their arms
during the war. Brande & C.

2. (Roman Law)

Defn: A species of interdict granted to one who was in possession of
an immovable thing, in order that he might be declared the legal
possessor. Burrill.

UTIS
U"tis, n.

Defn: See Utas. [Obs.]

UTLARY
Ut"la*ry, n.

Defn: Outlawry. [Obs.] Camden.

UTMOST
Ut"most`, a. Etym: [OE. utmeste, utemest, AS. , a superlative fr.
out. Out, and cf. Aftermost, Outmost, Uttermost.]

1. Situated at the farthest point or extremity; farthest out; most
distant; extreme; as, the utmost limits of the land; the utmost
extent of human knowledge. Spenser.
We coasted within two leagues of Antibes, which is the utmost town in
France. Evelyn.
Betwixt two thieves I spend my utmost breath. Herbert.

2. Being in the greatest or highest degree, quantity, number, or the
like; greatest; as, the utmost assiduity; the utmost harmony; the
utmost misery or happiness.
He shall answer . . . to his utmost peril. Shak.
Six or seven thousand is their utmost power. Shak.

UTMOST
Ut"most`, n.

Defn: The most that can be; the farthest limit; the greatest power,
degree, or effort; as, he has done his utmost; try your utmost.
We have tried the utmost of our friends. Shak.

UTOPIA
U*to"pi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. not +

1. An imaginary island, represented by Sir Thomas More, in a work
called Utopia, as enjoying the greatest perfection in politics, laws,
and the like. See Utopia, in the Dictionary of Noted Names in
Fiction.

2. Hence, any place or state of ideal perfection.

UTOPIAN
U*to"pi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Utopia; resembling Utopia; hence, ideal;
chimerical; fanciful; founded upon, or involving, imaginary
perfections; as, Utopian projects; Utopian happiness.

UTOPIAN
U*to"pi*an, n.

Defn: An inhabitant of Utopia; hence, one who believes in the
perfectibility of human society; a visionary; an idealist; an
optimist. Hooker.

UTOPIANISM
U*to"pi*an*ism, n.

Defn: The ideas, views, aims, etc., of a Utopian; impracticable
schemes of human perfection; optimism.

UTOPIANIST
U*to"pi*an*ist, n.

Defn: An Utopian; an optimist.

UTOPICAL
U*to"pic*al, a.

Defn: Utopian; ideal. [Obs.] "Utopical perfection." Bp. Hall.

UTOPIST
U*to"pist, n.

Defn: A Utopian.

UTRAQUIST
U"tra*quist, n. Etym: [L. uterque, fem. utraque, both.]

Defn: One who receives the eucharist in both kinds; esp., one of a
body of Hussites who in the 15th century fought for the right to do
this. Called also Calixtines.

UTRICLE
U"tri*cle, n. Etym: [L. utriculus a little womb, a calycle, dim. of
uter, utris, a bag or bottle made of an animal's hide: cf. F.
utricule.]

1. A little sac or vesicle, as the air cell of fucus, or seaweed.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: A microscopic cell in the structure of an egg, animal, or
plant.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A small, thin-walled, one-seeded fruit, as of goosefoot. Gray.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: A utriculus.

UTRICULAR
U*tric"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. utriculaire.]

1. Of or pertaining to a utricle, or utriculus; containing, or
furnished with, a utricle or utricles; utriculate; as, a utricular
plant.

2. Resembling a utricle or bag, whether large or minute; -- said
especially with reference to the condition of certain substances, as
sulphur, selenium, etc., when condensed from the vaporous state and
deposited upon cold bodies, in which case they assume the form of
small globules filled with liquid.

UTRICULARIA
U*tric`u*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of aquatic flowering plants, in which the submersed
leaves bear many little utricles, or ascidia. See Ascidium,

UTRICULATE
U*tric"u*late, a.

Defn: Resembling a bladder; swollen like a bladder; inflated;
utricular. Dana.

UTRICULOID
U*tric"u*loid, a. Etym: [L. utriculus a little womb, a calycle + -
oid.]

Defn: Resembling a bladder; utricular; utriculate. Dana.

UTRICULUS
U*tric"u*lus, n. Etym: [L., a little womb or matrix, a calycle.]
(Anat.)

Defn: A little sac, or bag; a utricle; especially, a part of the
membranous labyrinth of the ear. See the Note under Ear.

UTRO; UTRO-; UTERO
U"tro, U"ter`o.

Defn: - (connection with, or relation to, the uterus; as in utro-
ovarian.

UTTER
Ut"ter, a. Etym: [OE. utter, originally the same word as outer. See
Out, and cf. Outer, Utmost.]

1. Outer. "Thine utter eyen." Chaucer. [Obs.] "By him a shirt and
utter mantle laid." Chapman.
As doth an hidden moth The inner garment fret, not th' utter touch.
Spenser.

2. Situated on the outside, or extreme limit; remote from the center;
outer. [Obs.]
Through utter and through middle darkness borne. Milton.
The very utter part pf Saint Adelmes point is five miles from
Sandwich. Holinshed.

3. Complete; perfect; total; entire; absolute; as, utter ruin; utter
darkness.
They . . . are utter strangers to all those anxious thoughts which
disquiet mankind. Atterbury.

4. Peremptory; unconditional; unqualified; final; as, an utter
refusal or denial. Clarendon. Utter bar (Law), the whole body of
junior barristers. See Outer bar, under 1st Outer. [Eng.] -- Utter
barrister (Law), one recently admitted as barrister, who is
accustomed to plead without, or outside, the bar, as distinguished
from the benchers, who are sometimes permitted to plead within the
bar. [Eng.] Cowell.

UTTER
Ut"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Uttered; p. pr. & vb. n. Uttering.] Etym:
[OE. outren, freq. of outen to utter, put out, AS. utian to put out,
eject, fr. ut out. sq. root198. See Out, and cf. Utter, a.]

1. To put forth or out; to reach out. [Obs.]
How bragly [proudly] it begins to bud, And utter his tender head.
Spenser.

2. To dispose of in trade; to sell or vend. [Obs.]
Such mortal drugs I have, but Mantua's law Is death to any he that
utters them. Shak.
They bring it home, and utter it commonly by the name of Newfoundland
fish. Abp. Abbot.

3. hence, to put in circulation, as money; to put off, as currency;
to cause to pass in trade; -- often used, specifically, of the issue
of counterfeit notes or coins, forged or fraudulent documents, and
the like; as, to utter coin or bank notes.
The whole kingdom should continue in a firm resolution never to
receive or utter this fatal coin. Swift.

4. To give public expression to; to disclose; to publish; to speak;
to pronounce. "Sweet as from blest, uttering joy." Milton.
The words I utter Let none think flattery, for they 'll find 'em
truth. Shak.
And the last words he uttered called me cruel. Addison.

Syn.
 -- To deliver; give forth; issue; liberate; discharge; pronounce.
See Deliver.

UTTERABLE
Ut"ter*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being uttered.

UTTERANCE
Ut"ter*ance, n.

1. The act of uttering. Specifically: --
(a) Sale by offering to the public. [Obs.] Bacon.
(b) Putting in circulation; as, the utterance of false coin, or of
forged notes.
(c) Vocal expression; articulation; speech.
At length gave utterance to these words. Milton.

2. Power or style of speaking; as, a good utterance.
They . . . began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them
utterance. Acts ii. 4.
O, how unlike To that large utterance of the early gods! Keats.

UTTERANCE
Ut"ter*ance, n. Etym: [F. outrance. See Outrance.]

Defn: The last extremity; the end; death; outrance. [Obs.]
Annibal forced those captives whom he had taken of our men to
skirmish one against another to the utterance. Holland.

UTTERER
Ut"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who utters. Spenser.

UTTEREST
Ut"ter*est, obs. superl. of Utter.

Defn: Uttermost.
To the utterest proof of her courage. Chaucer.

UTTERLESS
Ut"ter*less, a.

Defn: Incapable of being uttered. [Obs.]
A clamoring debate of utterless things. Milton.

UTTERLY
Ut"ter*ly, adv.

Defn: In an utter manner; to the full extent; fully; totally; as,
utterly ruined; it is utterly vain.

UTTERMORE
Ut"ter*more`, a. Etym: [Cf. Uttermost.]

Defn: Further; outer; utter. [Obs. & R.] Holland.

UTTERMOST
Ut"ter*most, a. Etym: [From Utter, a.; cf. Utmost, and Outermost.]

Defn: Extreme; utmost; being; in the farthest, greatest, or highest
degree; as, the uttermost extent or end. "In this uttermost
distress." Milton.

UTTERMOST
Ut"ter*most`, n.

Defn: The utmost; the highest or greatest degree; the farthest
extent. Tennyson.
Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come
unto God by him. Heb. vii. 25.
He cannot have sufficient honor done unto him; but the uttermost we
can do, we must. Hooker.

UTTERNESS
Ut"ter*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being utter, or extreme; extremity;
utmost; uttermost. [R.]

UVA
U"va, n. Etym: [L., a grape.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small pulpy or juicy fruit containing several seeds and
having a thin skin, as a grape.

UVATE
U"vate, n. Etym: [L. uva grape.]

Defn: A conserve made of grapes.

UVA-URSI
U`va-ur"si, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. uva grape + ursus bear.] (Bot.)

Defn: The bearberry.

UVEA
U"ve*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. uva grape.] (Anat.)

Defn: The posterior pigmented layer of the iris; -- sometimes applied
to the whole iris together with the choroid coat.

UVEOUS
U"ve*ous, a. Etym: [See Uvea.]

Defn: Resembling a grape.

UVIC
U"vic, a. Etym: [L. uva grape.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, grapes; specifically,
designating an organic acid, C7H8O3 (also called pyrotritartaric
acid), obtained as a white crystalline substance by the decomposition
of tartaric and pyrotartaric acids.

UVITIC
U*vit"ic, a. Etym: [From L. uva a grape. So called because it may be
produced indirectly from tartaric acid, which is found in the grape.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, CH3C6H3(CO2H)2,
obtained as a white crystalline substance by the partial oxidation of
mesitylene; -- called also mesitic acid.

UVITONIC
U`vi*ton"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid which is obtained as a
white crystalline substance by the action of ammonia on pyrotartaric
acid.

UVROU
U"vrou, n.

Defn: See Euphroe.

UVULA
U"vu*la, n. Etym: [NL., dim of L. uva a grape, the uvula.] (Anat.)

Defn: The pendent fleshy lobe in the middle of the posterior border
of the soft palate.

Note: The term is also applied to a somewhat similar lobe on the
under side of the cerebellum and to another on the inner surface of
the neck of the bladder.

UVULAR
U"vu*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a uvula.

UVULATOME
U"vu*la*tome, n. Etym: [Uvula + Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for removing the uvula.

UVULATOMY
U`vu*lat"o*my, n. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of removing the uvula.

UVULITIS
U`vu*li"tis, n. [NL. See Uvula, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the uvula.

UWAROWITE
U*wa"ro*wite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Ouvarovite.

UXORIAL
Ux*o"ri*al, a. Etym: [See Uxorious.]

Defn: Dotingly fond of, or servilely submissive to, a wife; uxorious;
also, becoming a wife; pertaining to a wife. [R.]
The speech [of Zipporah, Ex. iv. 25] is not a speech of reproach or
indignation, but of uxorial endearment. Geddes.

UXORICIDAL
Ux*or"i*ci`dal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to uxoricide; tending to uxoricide.

UXORICIDE
Ux*or"i*cide, n. Etym: [L. uxor wife + caedere to kill.]

1. The murder of a wife by her husband.

2. One who murders his wife.

UXORIOUS
Ux*o"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. uxorius, fr. uxor a wife.]

Defn: Excessively fond of, or submissive to, a wife; being a
dependent husband. "Uxorious magistrates." Milton.
How wouldst thou insult, When I must live uxorious to thy will In
perfect thraldom! Milton.
-- Uxo*o"ri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Ux*o"ri*ous*ness, n.

UZEMA
U"ze*ma, n.

Defn: A Burman measure of twelve miles.

V

1. V, the twenty-second letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal
consonant. V and U are only varieties of the same character, U being
the cursive form, while V is better adapted for engraving, as in
stone. The two letters were formerly used indiscriminately, and till
a comparatively recent date words containing them were often classed
together in dictionaries and other books of reference (see U). The
letter V is from the Latin alphabet, where it was used both as a
consonant (about like English w) and as a vowel. The Latin derives it
from it from a form (V) of the Greek vowel UPSILON (see Y), this
Greek letter being either from the same Semitic letter as the digamma
F (see F), or else added by the Greeks to the alphabet which they
took from the Semitic. Etymologically v is most nearly related to u,
w, f, b, p; as in vine, wine; avoirdupois, habit, have; safe, save;
trover, troubadour, trope. See U, F, etc. See Guide to Pronunciation,
§ 265; also §§ 155, 169, 178-179, etc.

2. As a numeral, V stands for five, in English and Latin.

VAAGMER
Vaag"mer, n. Etym: [Icel. vagmeri a kind of flounder, literally, wave
mare.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dealfish. [Written also vaagmær, and vaagmar.]

VACANCY
Va"can*cy, n.; pl. Vacancies. Etym: [Cf. F. vacance.]

1. The quality or state of being vacant; emptiness; hence, freedom
from employment; intermission; leisure; idleness; listlessness.
All dispositions to idleness or vacancy, even before they are habits,
are dangerous. Sir H. Wotton.

2. That which is vacant. Specifically: --
(a) Empty space; vacuity; vacuum.
How is't with you, That you do bend your eye on vacancy Shak.

(b) An open or unoccupied space between bodies or things; an
interruption of continuity; chasm; gap; as, a vacancy between
buildings; a vacancy between sentences or thoughts.
(c) Unemployed time; interval of leisure; time of intermission;
vacation.
Time lost partly in too oft idle vacancies given both to schools and
universities. Milton.
No interim, not a minute's vacancy. Shak.
Those little vacancies from toil are sweet. Dryden.

(d) A place or post unfilled; an unoccupied office; as, a vacancy in
the senate, in a school, etc.

VACANT
Va"cant, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. vacans, -antis, p. pr. of vacare to be
empty, to be free or unoccupied, to have leisure, also vocare; akin
to vacuus empty, and probably to E. void. Cf. Evacuate, Void, a.]

1. Deprived of contents; not filled; empty; as, a vacant room.
Stuffs out his vacant garments with his form. Shak.
Being of those virtues vacant. Shak.
There is no fireside, howsoe'er defended, But has one vacant chair.
Longfellow.

2. Unengaged with business or care; unemployed; unoccupied;
disengaged; free; as, vacant hours.
Religion is the interest of all; but philosophy of those . . . at
leisure, and vacant from the affairs of the world. Dr. H. More.
There was not a minute of the day which he left vacant. Bp. Fell.

3. Not filled or occupied by an incumbent, possessor, or officer; as,
a vacant throne; a vacant parish.
Special dignities which vacant lie For thy best use and wearing.
Shak.

4. Empty of thought; thoughtless; not occupied with study or
reflection; as, a vacant mind.
The duke had a pleasant and vacant face. Sir H. Wotton.
When on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood. Wordsworth.

5. (Law)

Defn: Abandoned; having no heir, possessor, claimant, or occupier;
as, a vacant estate. Bouvier. Vacant succession (Law), one that is
claimed by no person, or where all the heirs are unknown, or where
all the known heirs to it have renounced it. Burrill.

Syn.
 -- Empty; void; devoid; free; unemployed; disengaged; unincumbered;
uncrowded; idle.
 -- Vacant, Empty. A thing is empty when there is nothing in it; as,
an empty room, or an empty noddle. Vacant adds the idea of having
been previously filled, or intended to be filled or occupied; as, a
vacant seat at table; a vacant office; vacant hours. When we speak of
a vacant look or a vacant mind, we imply the absence of the
intelligence naturally to be expected there.

VACANTLY
Va"cant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a vacant manner; inanely.

VACATE
Va"cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vacated; p. pr. & vb. n. Vacating.]
Etym: [L. vacare, vacatum, to be empty. See Vacant.]

1. To make vacant; to leave empty; to cease from filling or
occupying; as, it was resolved by Parliament that James had vacated
the throne of England; the tenant vacated the house.

2. To annul; to make void; to deprive of force; to make of no
authority or validity; as, to vacate a commission or a charter; to
vacate proceedings in a cause.
That after act vacating the authority of the precedent. Eikon
Basilike.
The necessity of observing the Jewish Sabbath was Vacated by the
apostolical institution of the Lord's Day. R. Nelson.

3. To defeat; to put an end to. [R.]
He vacates my revenge. Dryden.

VACATION
Va*ca"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. vacatio a being free from a duty,
service, etc., fr. vacare. See Vacate.]

1. The act of vacating; a making void or of no force; as, the
vacation of an office or a charter.

2. Intermission of a stated employment, procedure, or office; a
period of intermission; rest; leisure.
It was not in his nature, however, at least till years had chastened
it, to take any vacation from controversy. Palfrey.
Hence, specifically: -(a) (Law)

Defn: Intermission of judicial proceedings; the space of time between
the end of one term and the beginning of the next; nonterm; recess.
"With lawyers in the vacation." Shak.
(b) The intermission of the regular studies and exercises of an
educational institution between terms; holidays; as, the spring
vacation.
(c) The time when an office is vacant; esp. (Eccl.), the time when a
see, or other spiritual dignity, is vacant.

VACATUR
Va*ca"tur, n. [NL., it is made void, fr. L. vacare to be empty. See
Vacant.] (Law)

Defn: An order of court by which a proceeding is set aside or
annulled.

VACCARY
Vac"ca*ry, n. Etym: [LL. vaccarium, from L. vacca cow. Cf. Vachery.]

Defn: A cow house, dairy house, or cow pasture. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Wright.

VACCINA
Vac*ci"na, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Vaccinia.

VACCINAL
Vac"ci*nal, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to vaccinia or vaccination.

VACCINATE
Vac"ci*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vaccinated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vaccinating.] Etym: [See Vaccine.]

Defn: To inoculate with the cowpox by means of a virus, called
vaccine, taken either directly or indirectly from cows.

VACCINATION
Vac`ci*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act, art, or practice of vaccinating, or inoculating with
the cowpox, in order to prevent or mitigate an attack of smallpox.
Cf. Inoculation.

Note: In recent use, vaccination sometimes includes inoculation with
any virus as a preventive measure; as, vaccination of cholera.

VACCINATOR
Vac"ci*na`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, vaccinates.

VACCINE
Vac"cine, a. Etym: [L. vaccinus, fr. vacca a cow; cf. Skr. vac to
bellow, to groan.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to cows; pertaining to, derived from, or
caused by, vaccinia; as, vaccine virus; the vaccine disease.
 -- n.

Defn: The virus of vaccinia used in vaccination.

VACCINE POINT
Vac"cine point`. (Med.)

Defn: See Point, n., 26.

VACCINIA
Vac*cin"i*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Vaccine.] (Med.)

Defn: Cowpox; vaccina. See Cowpox.

VACCINIST
Vac"ci*nist, n.

Defn: A vaccinator.

VACCINIUM
Vac*cin"i*um, n. Etym: [L., the blueberry, or whortleberry.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of ericaceous shrubs including the various kinds of
blueberries and the true cranberries.

VACHER
Va`cher", n. Etym: [F., from vache a cow. Cf. Vaquero.]

Defn: A keeper of stock or cattle; a herdsman. [Southwestern U. S.]
Bartlett.

VACHERY
Vach"er*y, n. Etym: [F. vacherie, from vache a cow, L. vacca. Cf.
Vaccary.]

1. An inclosure for cows.

2. A dairy. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Prompt. Parv.

VACHETTE CLASP
Va`chette" clasp. [Cf. F. vachette cowhide leather used for
ligatures.] (Veter.)

Defn: A piece of strong steel wire with the ends curved and pointed,
used on toe or quarter cracks to bind the edges together and prevent
motion. It is clasped into two notches, one on each side of the
crack, burned into the wall with a cautery iron.

VACILLANCY
Vac"il*lan*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vacillant, or wavering. [R.] Dr.
H. More.

VACILLANT
Vac"il*lant, a. Etym: [L. vacillans, p. pr. of vacillare: cf. F.
vacillant. See Vacillate.]

Defn: Vacillating; wavering; fluctuating; irresolute.

VACILLATE
Vac"il*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vacillated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vacillating.] Etym: [L. vacillare, vacillatum; cf. Skr. vañc.]

1. To move one way and the other; to reel or stagger; to waver.
[A spheroid] is always liable to shift and vacillatefrom one axis to
another. Paley.

2. To fluctuate in mind or opinion; to be unsteady or inconstant; to
waver.

Syn.
 -- See Fluctuate.

VACILLATING
Vac"il*la`ting, a.

Defn: Inclined to fluctuate; wavering. Tennyson.
 -- Vac"il*la`ting*ly, adv.

VACILLATION
Vac`il*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. vacillatio: cf. F. vacillation.]

1. The act of vacillating; a moving one way and the other; a
wavering.
His vacillations, or an alternation of knowledge and doubt. Jer.
Taylor.

VACILLATORY
Vac"il*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Inclined to vacillate; wavering; irresolute. Hawthorne.

VACUATE
Vac"u*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. vacuatus, p. p. of vacuare to empty, from
vacuus empty. See Vacant.]

Defn: To make void, or empty. [R.]

VACUATION
Vac`u*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of emptying; evacuation. [R.]

VACUIST
Vac"u*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vacuiste.]

Defn: One who holds the doctrine that the space between the bodies of
the universe, or the molecules and atoms of matter., is a vacuum; --
opposed to plenist.

VACUITY
Va*cu"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. vacuitas. See Vacuous.]

1. The quality or state of being vacuous, or not filled; emptiness;
vacancy; as, vacuity of mind; vacuity of countenance.
Hunger is such a state of vacuity as to require a fresh supply of
aliment. Arbuthnot.

2. Space unfilled or unoccupied, or occupied with an invisible fluid
only; emptiness; void; vacuum.
A vacuity is interspersed among the particles of matter. Bentley.
God . . . alone can answer all our longings and fill every vacuity of
our soul. Rogers.

3. Want of reality; inanity; nihility. [R.]
Their expectations will meet with vacuity. Glanvill.

VACUNA
Va*cu"na, n. Etym: [L. vacuus unoccupied.] (Rom. Myth.)

Defn: The goddess of rural leisure, to whom the husbandmen sacrificed
at the close of the harvest. She was especially honored by the
Sabines.

VACUOLATED
Vac"u*o*la`ted, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Full of vacuoles, or small air cavities; as, vacuolated cells.

VACUOLATION
Vac"u*o*la"tion, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Formation into, or multiplication of, vacuoles.

VACUOLE
Vac"u*ole, n. Etym: [L. vacuus empty: cf. F. vacuole.] (Biol.)

Defn: A small air cell, or globular space, in the interior of organic
cells, either containing air, or a pellucid watery liquid, or some
special chemical secretions of the cell protoplasm. Contractile
vacuole. (Zoöl.) See under Contractile, and see Illusts. of
Infusoria, and Lobosa.
 -- Food vacuole. (Zoöl.) See under Food, and see Illust. of
Infusoria.

VACUOMETER
Vac`u*om"e*ter, n.  [Vacuum + -meter.] (Physics)
 (a) An instrument for the comparison of barometers.
 (b) An apparatus for the measurement of low pressures.

VACUOUS
Vac"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. vacuus. See Vacant.]

Defn: Empty; unfilled; void; vacant.
Boundless the deep, because I am who fill Infinitude; nor vacuous the
space. Milton.
That the few may lead selfish and vacuous days. J. Morley.

VACUOUSNESS
Vac"u*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vacuous; emptiness; vacuity. W.
Montagu.

VACUUM
Vac"u*um, n.; pl. E. Vacuums, L. Vacua. Etym: [L., fr. vacuus empty.
See Vacuous.]

1. (Physics)

Defn: A space entirely devoid of matter (called also, by way of
distinction, absolute vacuum); hence, in a more general sense, a
space, as the interior of a closed vessel, which has been exhausted
to a high or the highest degree by an air pump or other artificial
means; as, water boils at a reduced temperature in a vacuum.

2. The condition of rarefaction, or reduction of pressure below that
of the atmosphere, in a vessel, as the condenser of a steam engine,
which is nearly exhausted of air or steam, etc.; as, a vacuum of 26
inches of mercury, or 13 pounds per square inch. Vacuum brake, a kind
of continuous brake operated by exhausting the air from some
appliance under each car, and so causing the pressure of the
atmosphere to apply the brakes.
 -- Vacuum pan (Technol.), a kind of large closed metallic retort
used in sugar making for boiling down sirup. It is so connected with
an exhausting apparatus that a partial vacuum is formed within. This
allows the evaporation and concentration to take place at a lower
atmospheric pressure and hence also at a lower temperature, which
largely obviates the danger of burning the sugar, and shortens the
process.
 -- Vacuum pump. Same as Pulsometer, 1.
 -- Vacuum tube (Phys.), a glass tube provided with platinum
electrodes and exhausted, for the passage of the electrical
discharge; a Geissler tube.
 -- Vacuum valve, a safety valve opening inward to admit air to a
vessel in which the pressure is less than that of the atmosphere, in
order to prevent collapse.
 -- Torricellian vacuum. See under Torricellian.

VACUUM CLEANER
Vac"u*um clean"er.

Defn: A machine for cleaning carpets, tapestry, upholstered work,
etc., by suction.

VADANTES
Va*dan"tes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. vadans, p. pr. of vadare to
wade, to ford.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive artificial group of birds including the wading,
swimming, and cursorial birds.

VADE
Vade, v. i. Etym: [For fade.]

Defn: To fade; hence, to vanish. [Obs.] " Summer leaves all vaded."
Shak.
They into dust shall vade. Spenser.

VADE MECUM
Va`de me"cum. Etym: [L., go with me.]

Defn: A book or other thing that a person carries with him as a
constant companion; a manual; a handbook.

VADIMONY
Vad"i*mo*ny, n. Etym: [L. vadimonium.] (Law)

Defn: A bond or pledge for appearance before a judge on a certain
day. [Obs.]

VADIUM
Va"di*um, n. Etym: [LL., from L. vas, vadis, bail.] (Law)

Defn: Pledge; security; bail. See Mortgage. Vadium vivum Etym: [LL.]
(Law), a living pledge, which exists where an estate is granted until
a debt is paid out of its proceeds.

VAE
Vae, n.

Defn: See Voe. [Scot.]

VAFROUS
Va"frous, a. Etym: [L. vafer.]

Defn: Crafty; cunning; sly; as, vafrous tricks. [Obs.] Feltham.

VAGABOND
Vag"a*bond, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. vagabundus, from vagari to stroll
about, from vagus strolling. See Vague.]

1. Moving from place to place without a settled habitation;
wandering. "Vagabond exile." Shak.

2. Floating about without any certain direction; driven to and fro.
To heaven their prayers Flew up, nor missed the way, by envious winds
Blown vagabond or frustrate. Milton.

3. Being a vagabond; strolling and idle or vicious.

VAGABOND
Vag"a*bond, n.

Defn: One who wanders from place to place, having no fixed dwelling,
or not abiding in it, and usually without the means of honest
livelihood; a vagrant; a tramp; hence, a worthless person; a rascal.
A fugitive and a vagabond shalt thou be. Gen. iv. 12.

Note: In English and American law, vagabond is used in bad sense,
denoting one who is without a home; a strolling, idle, worthless
person. Vagabonds are described in old English statutes as "such as
wake on the night and sleep on the day, and haunt customable taverns
and alehouses, and routs about; and no man wot from whence they came,
nor whither they go." In American law, the term vagrant is employed
in the same sense. Cf Rogue, n., 1. Burrill. Bouvier.

VAGABOND
Vag"a*bond, v. i.

Defn: To play the vagabond; to wander like a vagabond; to stroll.
On every part my vagabonding sight Did cast, and drown mine eyes in
sweet delight. Drummond.

VAGABONDAGE
Vag"a*bond`age, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vagabondage.]

Defn: The condition of a vagabond; a state or habit of wandering
about in idleness; vagrancy.

VAGABONDISM
Vag"a*bond`ism, n.

Defn: Vagabondage.

VAGABONDIZE
Vag"a*bond`ize, v. i.

Defn: To play the vagabond; to wander about in idleness.

VAGABONDRY
Vag"a*bond`ry, n.

Defn: Vagabondage.

VAGAL
Va"gal, a. Etym: [See Vagus.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the vagus, or pneumogastric nerves;
pneumogastric.

VAGANCY
Va"gan*cy, n. Etym: [From L. vagans, p. pr. See Vagantes.]

Defn: A wandering; vagrancy. [Obs.]
A thousand vagancies of glory and desight. Milton.

VAGANTES
Va*gan"tes, p. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. vagans, p. pr. of vagari to
stroll or wander.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of spiders, comprising some of those which take their
prey in a web, but which also frequently run with agility, and chase
and seize their prey.

VAGARIOUS
Va*ga"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Given to, or characterized by, vagaries; capricious; whimsical;
crochety.

VAGARY
Va*ga"ry, n.; pl. Vagaries. Etym: [L. vagari to stroll about. See
Vague.]

1. A wandering or strolling. [Obs.]

2. Hence, a wandering of the thoughts; a wild or fanciful freak; a
whim; a whimsical purpose. "The vagaries of a child." Spectator.
They changed their minds, Flew off, and into strange vagaries fell.
Milton.

VAGIENT
Va"gi*ent, a. Etym: [L. vagiens, p. pr. of vagire to cry like a young
child.]

Defn: Crying like a child. [Obs.]

VAGINA
Va*gi"na, n.; pl. Vaginæ. Etym: [L. vagina a scabbard or sheath.]

1. (Anat.)
(a) A sheath; a theca; as, the vagina of the portal vein.
(b) Specifically, the canal which leads from the uterus to the
external orifice if the genital canal, or to the cloaca.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The terminal part of the oviduct in insects and various other
invertebrates. See Illust., of Spermatheca.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The basal expansion of certain leaves, which inwraps the stem;
a sheath.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: The shaft of a terminus, from which the bust of figure seems to
issue or arise.

VAGINAL
Vag"i*nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vaginal.]

1. Of or pertaining to a vagina; resembling a vagina, or sheath;
thecal; as, a vaginal synovial membrane; the vaginal process of the
temporal bone.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the vagina of the genital canal; as, the
vaginal artery.

VAGINANT
Vag"i*nant, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vaginant. See Vagina.]

Defn: Serving to in invest, or sheathe; sheathing. Vaginant leaf
(Bot.), a leaf investing the stem or branch by its base, which has
the form of a tube.

VAGINATE; VAGINATED
Vag"i*nate, Vag"i*na`ted, a. Etym: [See Vagina.]

Defn: Invested with, or as if with, a sheath; as, a vaginate stem, or
one invested by the tubular base of a leaf.

VAGINATI
Vag`i*na"ti, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of birds comprising the sheathbills.

VAGINERVOSE
Vag`i*ner*vose", a. Etym: [L. vagus wandering + E. nervose.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the nerves, or veins, placed in apparent disorder.

VAGINICOLA
Vag`i*nic"o*la, n. Etym: [NL., from L. vagina sheath + colere to in
habit.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Infusoria which form minute vaselike or tubular
cases in which they dwell.

VAGINISMUS
Vag`i*nis"mus, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: A painful spasmodic contraction of the vagina, often rendering
copulation impossible.

VAGINITIS
Vag`i*ni"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Vagina, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the vagina, or the genital canal, usually of
its mucous living membrane.

VAGINOPENNOUS
Vag`i*no*pen"nous, a. Etym: [L. vagina a sheath + penna a feather,
pl. pennae a wing.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having elytra; sheath-winged. [R.]

VAGINULA
Va*gin"u*la, n. Etym: [L., dim. of vagina sheath.] (Bot.)
(a) A little sheath, as that about the base of the pedicel of most
mosses.
(b) One of the tubular florets in composite flowers. Henslow.

VAGINULE
Vag"i*nule, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A vaginula.

VAGISSATE
Vag"is*sate, v. i. Etym: [L. vagari to stroll or wander.]

Defn: To caper or frolic. [Obs.]

VAGOUS
Va"gous, a. Etym: [L. vagus. See Vague.]

Defn: Wandering; unsettled. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

VAGRANCY
Va"gran*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being a vagrant; a wandering without a
settled home; an unsettled condition; vagabondism.
Threatened away into banishment and vagrancy. Barrow.

VAGRANT
Va"grant, a. Etym: [Probably fr. OF. waucrant, wacrant, p. p. of
waucrer, wacrer, walcrer, to wander (probably of Teutonic origin),
but influenced by F. vagant, p. pr. of vaguer to stray, L. vagari.
Cf. Vagary.]

1. Moving without certain direction; wandering; erratic; unsettled.
That beauteous Emma vagrant courses took. Prior.
While leading this vagrant and miserable life, Johnson fell in live.
Macaulay.

2. Wandering from place to place without any settled habitation; as,
a vagrant beggar.

VAGRANT
Va"grant, n.

Defn: One who strolls from place to place; one who has no settled
habitation; an idle wanderer; a sturdy beggar; an incorrigible rogue;
a vagabond.
Vagrants and outlaws shall offend thy view. Prior.

VAGRANTLY
Va"grant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a vagrant manner.

VAGRANTNESS
Va"grant*ness, n.

Defn: State of being vagrant; vagrancy.

VAGUE
Vague, a. [Compar. Vaguer; superl. Vaguest.] Etym: [F. vague, or L.
vagus. See Vague, v. i.]

1. Wandering; vagrant; vagabond. [Archaic] "To set upon the vague
villains." Hayward.
She danced along with vague, regardless eyes. Keats.

2. Unsettled; unfixed; undetermined; indefinite; ambiguous; as, a
vague idea; a vague proposition.
This faith is neither a mere fantasy of future glory, nor a vague
ebullition of feeling. I. Taylor.
The poet turned away, and gave himself up to a sort of vague revery,
which he called thought. Hawthorne.

3. Proceeding from no known authority; unauthenticated; uncertain;
flying; as, a vague report.
Some legend strange and value. Longfellow.
Vague year. See Sothiac year, under Sothiac.

Syn.
 -- Unsettled; indefinite; unfixed; ill-defined; ambiguous; hazy;
loose; lax; uncertain.

VAGUE
Vague, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vague.]

Defn: An indefinite expanse. [R.]
The gray vague of unsympathizing sea. Lowell.

VAGUE
Vague, v. i. Etym: [F. vaguer, L. vagari, fr. vagus roaming.]

Defn: To wander; to roam; to stray. [Obs.] "[The soul] doth vague and
wander." Holland.

VAGUE
Vague, n.

Defn: A wandering; a vagary. [Obs.] Holinshed.

VAGUELY
Vague"ly, adv.

Defn: In a vague manner.
What he vaguely hinted at, but dared not speak. Hawthorne.

VAGUENESS
Vague"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vague.

VAGUS
Va"gus, a. Etym: [L., wandering.] (Anat.)

Defn: Wandering; -- applied especially to the pneumogastric nerve.
 -- n.

Defn: The vagus, ore pneumogastric, nerve.

VAIL
Vail, n. & v. t.

Defn: Same as Veil.

VAIL
Vail, n. Etym: [Aphetic form of avail, n.]

1. Avails; profit; return; proceeds. [Obs.]
My house is as were the cave where the young outlaw hoards the stolen
vails of his occupation. Chapman.

2. An unexpected gain or acquisition; a casual advantage or benefit;
a windfall. [Obs.]

3. Money given to servants by visitors; a gratuity; -- usually in the
plural. [Written also vale.] Dryden.

VAIL
Vail, v. t. Etym: [Aphetic form of avale. See Avale, Vale.] [Written
also vale, and veil.]

1. To let fail; to allow or cause to sink. [Obs.]
Vail your regard Upon a wronged, I would fain have said, a maid!
Shak.

2. To lower, or take off, in token of inferiority, reverence,
submission, or the like.
France must vail her lofty-plumed crest! Shak.
Without vailing his bonnet or testifying any reverence for the
alleged sanctity of the relic. Sir. W. Scott.

VAIL
Vail, v. i.

Defn: To yield or recede; to give place; to show respect by yielding,
uncovering, or the like. [Written also vale, and veil.] [Obs.]
Thy convenience must vail to thy neighbor's necessity. South.

VAIL
Vail, n.

Defn: Submission; decline; descent. [Obs.]

VAILER
Vail"er, n.

Defn: One who vails. [Obs.] Overbury.

VAIMURE
Vai"mure, n.

Defn: An outer, or exterior. wall. See Vauntmure. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

VAIN
Vain, a. [Compar. Vainer; superl. Vainest.] Etym: [F. vain, L. vanus
empty, void, vain. Cf. Vanish, Vanity, Vaunt to boast.]

1. Having no real substance, value, or importance; empty; void;
worthless; unsatisfying. "Thy vain excuse." Shak.
Every man walketh in a vain show. Ps. xxxix. 6.
Let no man deceive you with vain words. Eph. v. 6.
Vain pomp, and glory of this world, I hate ye! Shak.
Vain visdom all, and false philosophy. Milton.

2. Destitute of forge or efficacy; effecting no purpose; fruitless;
ineffectual; as, vain toil; a vain attempt.
Bring no more vain oblations. Isa. i. 13.
Vain is the force of man To crush the pillars which the pile sustain.
Dryden.

3. Proud of petty things, or of trifling attainments; having a high
opinion of one's own accomplishments with slight reason; conceited;
puffed up; inflated.
But wilt thou know, O vain man, that faith apart from works is barren
James ii. 20 (Rev. Ver.).
The minstrels played on every side, Vain of their art. Dryden.

4. Showy; ostentatious.
Load some vain church with old theatric state. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Empty; worthless; fruitless; ineffectual; idle; unreal; shadowy;
showy; ostentatious; light; inconstant; deceitful; delusive;
unimportant; trifling.

VAIN
Vain, n.

Defn: Vanity; emptiness; -- now used only in the phrase in vain. For
vain. See In vain. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- In vain, to no purpose; without effect; ineffectually. " In vain
doth valor bleed." Milton. " In vain they do worship me." Matt. xv.
9.
 -- To take the name of God in vain, to use the name of God with
levity or profaneness.

VAINGLORIOUS
Vain`glo"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Feeling or indicating vainglory; elated by vanity; boastful.
"Arrogant and vainglorious expression." Sir M. Hale.
 -- Vain`glo"ri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Vain`glo"ri*ous*ness, n.

VAINGLORY
Vain`glo"ry, n. Etym: [Vain + glory.]

Defn: Excessive vanity excited by one's own performances; empty
pride; undue elation of mind; vain show; boastfulness.
He had nothing of vainglory. Bacon.
The man's undone forever; for if Hector break not his neck i' the
combat, he'll break't himself in vainglory. Shak.

VAINLY
Vain"ly, adv.

Defn: In a vain manner; in vain.

VAINNESS
Vain"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vain.

VAIR
Vair, n. Etym: [F. vair, from OF. vair, a., L. varius various,
variegated. See Various, and cf. Menivel.]

Defn: The skin of the squirrel, much used in the fourteenth century
as fur for garments, and frequently mentioned by writers of that
period in describing the costly dresses of kings, nobles, and
prelates. It is represented in heraldry by a series of small shields
placed close together, and alternately white and blue. Fairholt.
No vair or ermine decked his garment. Sir W. Scott.
Counter vair (Her.), a fur resembling vair, except in the arrangement
of the patches or figures.

VAIRY
Vair"y, a. Etym: [F. vairé. See Vair, n.] (Her.)

Defn: Charged with vair; variegated with shield-shaped figures. See
Vair.

VAISHNAVA
Vaish"na*va (vish"na*va), n. Etym: [Skr. vaishnsava.] (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: A worshiper of the god Vishnu in any of his incarnations.

VAISHNAVISM
Vaish"na*vism, n.

Defn: The worship of Vishnu.

VAISYA
Vais"ya, n. Etym: [Skr. vaiçya.]

Defn: The third of the four great original castes among the Hindoos,
now either extinct or partially represented by the mercantile class
of Banyas. See the Note under Caste, 1.

VAIVODE
Vai"vode, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vayvode. See Waywode.]

Defn: See Waywode.

VAKEEL
Va*keel", n. Etym: [Ar. wakil.]

Defn: A native attorney or agent; also, an ambassador. [India]

VALANCE
Val"ance, n. Etym: [Perhaps fr. OF. avalant descending, hanging down,
p. pr. of avaler to go down, let down, descent (cf. Avalanche); but
probably from the town of Valence in France.]

1. Hanging drapery for a bed, couch, window, or the like, especially
that which hangs around a bedstead, from the bed to the floor.
[Written also valence.]
Valance of Venice gold in needlework. Shak.

2. The drooping edging of the lid of a trunk. which covers the joint
when the lid is closed.

VALANCE
Val"ance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Valanced; p. pr. & vb. n. Valancing.]

Defn: To furnish with a valance; to decorate with hangings or
drapery.
His old fringed chair valanced around with party-colored worsted
bobs. Sterne.

VALE
Vale, n. Etym: [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr.
Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]

Defn: A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. "
Make me a cottage in the vale." Tennyson.
Beyond this vale of tears there is a life above. Montgomery.
In those fair vales, by nature formed to please. Harte.

Note: Vale is more commonly used in poetry, and valley in prose and
common discourse.

Syn.
 -- Valley; dingle; dell; dale.

VALE
Vale, n.

Defn: See 2d Vail, 3.

VALEDICTION
Val`e*dic"tion, n. Etym: [L., valedicere, valedictum, to say
farewell; vale farewell (imperative of valere to be strong or well) +
dicere to say. See Valiant, Diction.]

Defn: A farewell; a bidding farewell. Donne.

VALEDICTORIAN
Val`e*dic*to"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who pronounces a valedictory address; especially, in
American colleges, the student who pronounces the valedictory of the
graduating class at the annual commencement, usually the student who
ranks first in scholarship.

VALEDICTORY
Val`e*dic"to*ry, a.

Defn: Bidding farewell; suitable or designed for an occasion of
leave-taking; as, a valedictory oration.

VALEDICTORY
Val`e*dic"to*ry, n.; pl. Valedictories (.

Defn: A valedictory oration or address spoken at commencement in
American colleges or seminaries by one of the graduating class,
usually by the leading scholar.

VALENCE
Va"lence, n. Etym: [From L. valens, -entis, p. pr. of valere to have
power, to be strong. See Valiant.] (Chem.)

Defn: The degree of combining power of an atom (or radical) as shown
by the number of atoms of hydrogen (or of other monads, as chlorine,
sodium, etc.) with which it will combine, or for which it can be
substituted, or with which it can be compared; thus, an atom of
hydrogen is a monad, and has a valence of one; the atoms of oxygen,
nitrogen, and carbon are respectively dyads, triads, and tetrads, and
have a valence respectively of two, three, and four.

Note: The valence of certain elements varies in different compounds.
Valence in degree may extend as high as seven or eight, as in the
cases of iodine and osmium respectively. The doctrine of valence has
been of fundamental importance in distinguishing the equivalence from
the atomic weight, and is an essential factor in explaining the
chemical structures of compounds.

VALENCIA
Va*len"ci*a, n. Etym: [Perhaps fr. Valence in France.]

Defn: A kind of woven fabric for waistcoats, having the weft of wool
and the warp of silk or cotton. [Written also valentia.]

VALENCIENNES LACE
Va*len`ci*ennes" lace". Etym: [F.; -- so called after the town of
Valenciennes.]

Defn: A rich kind of lace made at Valenciennes, in France. Each piece
is made throughout, ground and pattern, by the same person and with
the same thread, the pattern being worked in the net.

VALENCY
Val"en*cy, n.; pl. Valencies (. (Chem.)
(a) See Valence.
(b) A unit of combining power; a so-called bond of affinity.

VALENTIA
Va*len"ti*a, n.

Defn: See Valencia.

VALENTINE
Val"en*tine, n.

1. A sweetheart chosen on St. Valentine's Day.

2. A letter containing professions of love, or a missive of a
sentimental, comic, or burlesque character, sent on St. Valentine's
Day. St. Valentine's Day, a day sacred to St. Valentine; the 14th of
February. It was a very old notion, alluded to by Shakespeare, that
on this day birds begin to mate. Hence, perhaps, arose the custom of
sending love tokens at that time.

VALENTINIAN
Val`en*tin"i*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a school of Judaizing Gnostics in the second century; --
so called from Valentinus, the founder.

VALERAMIDE
Val`er*am"ide, n. Etym: [Valeric + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: The acid amide derivative of valeric acid, obtained as a white
crystalline substance.

VALERATE
Val"er*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of valeric acid.

VALERIAN
Va*le"ri*an, n. Etym: [LL. valeriana, perhaps from some person named
Valerius, or fr. L. valere to be strong. powerful, on account of its
medicinal virtues: cf. F. valériane.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Valeriana. The root of the officinal
valerian (V. officinalis) has a strong smell, and is much used in
medicine as an antispasmodic. Greek valerian (Bot.), a plant
(Polemonium cæruleum) with blue or white flowers, and leaves
resembling those of the officinal valerian.

VALERIANACEOUS
Va*le`ri*an*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, plants of a natural order
(Valerianaccæ) of which the valerian is the type. The order includes
also the corn salads and the oriental spikenard.

VALERIANATE
Va*le"ri*an*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A valerate.

VALERIANIC
Va*le`ri*an"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Performance to, or obtained from, valerian root; specifically,
designating an acid which is usually called valeric acid.

VALERIC
Va*ler"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Valerianic; specifically, designating any one of three
metameric acids, of which the typical one (called also inactive
valeric acid), C4H9CO2H, is obtained from valerian root and other
sources, as a corrosive, mobile, oily liquid, having a strong acid
taste, and an odor of old cheese. Active valeric acid, a metameric
variety which turns the plane of polarization to the right, although
formed by the oxidation of a levorotatory amyl alcohol.

VALERIDINE
Va*ler"i*dine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A base, C10H19N, produced by heating valeric aldehyde with
ammonia. It is probably related to the conine alkaloids.

VALERIN
Val"er*in, n. Etym: [Valeric + glycerin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of valeric acid with glycerin, occurring in butter,
dolphin oil., and forming an forming an oily liquid with a slightly
unpleasant odor.

VALERITRINE
Va*ler"i*trine, n. Etym: [Valeric + iropine + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A base, C15H27N, produced together with valeridine, which it
resembles.

VALERO-
Val"er*o-. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively) indicating derivation
from, or relation to, valerian or some of its products, as valeric
acid; as in valerolactone, a colorless oily liquid produced as the
anhydride of an hydroxy valeric acid.

VALERONE
Val"er*one, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A ketone of valeric acid obtained as an oily liquid.

VALERYL
Val"er*yl, n. Etym: [Valeric + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical C5H9O, regarded as the essential
nucleus of certain valeric acid derivatives.

VALERYLENE
Val`er*yl*ene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon, C5H8; -- called also pentine.

VALET
Val"et, n. Etym: [F. valet, OF. vallet, varlet, vaslet. See Varlet,
and Vassal.]

1. A male waiting servant; a servant who attends on gentleman's
person; a body servant.

2. (Man.)

Defn: A kind of goad or stick with a point of iron. Valet de chambre
( Etym: [F.], a body servant, or personal attendant.

VALETUDINARIAN
Val`e*tu`di*na"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. valetudinarius, from valetudo
state of health, health, ill health, fr. valere to be strong or well:
cf. F. valétudinaire. See Valiant.]

Defn: Of infirm health; seeking to recover health; sickly; weakly;
infirm.
My feeble health and valetudinarian stomach. Coleridge.
The virtue which the world wants is a healthful virtue, not a
valetudinarian virtue. Macaulay.

VALETUDINARIAN
Val`e*tu`di*na"ri*an, n.

Defn: A person of a weak or sickly constitution; one who is seeking
to recover health.
Valetudinarians must live where they can command and scold. Swift.

VALETUDINARIANISM
Val`e*tu`di*na"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The condition of a valetudinarian; a state of feeble health;
infirmity.

VALETUDINARY
Val`e*tu"di*na*ry, a.

Defn: Infirm; sickly; valetudinarian.
 -- Val`e*tu"di*na*ri*ness, n.
It renders the habit of society dangerously. Burke.

VALETUDINARY
Val`e*tu"di*na*ry, n.

Defn: A valetudinarian.

VALETUDINOUS
Val`e*tu"di*nous, a.

Defn: Valetudinarian. [Obs.] "The valetudinous condition of King
Edward." Fuller.

VALHALLA
Val*hal"la, n. Etym: [Icel. valhöll, literally, hall of the slain;
valr the slain (akin to AS. wæl, OHG. wal battlefield, wuol defeat,
slaughter, AS. wol pestilence) + höll a royal hall. See Hall, and cf.
Walhalla.] [Written also walhalla.]

1. (Scand. Myth.)

Defn: The palace of immortality, inhabited by the souls of heroes
slain in battle.

2. Fig.: A hall or temple adorned with statues and memorials of a
nation's heroes; specifically, the Pantheon near Ratisbon, in
Bavaria, consecrated to the illustrious dead of all Germany.

VALIANCE; VALIANCY
Val"iance, Val"ian*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vaillance. See Valiant.]

Defn: The quality or state of being valiant; bravery; valor. [Obs.]
"His doughty valiance." Spenser.

VALIANT
Val"iant, a. Etym: [OE. valiant, F. vaillant, OF. vaillant, valant,
originally p. pr. of OF. & F. valoir to be worth, L. valere to be
strong. See Wield, and cf. Avail, Convalesce, Equivalent, Prevail,
Valid.]

1. Vigorous in body; strong; powerful; as, a valiant fencer. [Obs.]
Walton.

2. Intrepid in danger; courageous; brave.
A valiant and most expert gentleman. Shak.
And Saul said to David . . . be thou valiant for me, and fight the
Lord's battles. 1 Sam. xviii. 17.

3. Performed with valor or bravery; heroic. "Thou bearest the highest
name for valiant acts." Milton.
[The saints] have made such valiant confessions. J. H. Newman.
-- Val"iant*ly, adv.
 -- Val"iant*ness, n.

VALID
Val"id, a. Etym: [F. valide, F. validus strong, from valere to be
strong. See Valiant.]

1. Strong; powerful; efficient. [Obs.] "Perhaps more valid arms . . .
may serve to better us." Milton.

2. Having sufficient strength or force; founded in truth; capable of
being justified, defended, or supported; not weak or defective;
sound; good; efficacious; as, a valid argument; a valid objection.
An answer that is open to no valid exception. I. Taylor.

3. (Law)

Defn: Having legal strength or force; executed with the proper
formalities; incapable of being rightfully overthrown or set aside;
as, a valid deed; a valid covenant; a valid instrument of any kind; a
valid claim or title; a valid marriage.

Syn.
 -- Prevalent; available; efficacious; just; good; weighty;
sufficient; sound; well-grounded.

VALIDATE
Val"i*date, v. t. Etym: [See Valid.]

Defn: To confirm; to render valid; to give legal force to.
The chamber of deputies . . . refusing to validate at once the
election of an official candidate. London Spectator.

VALIDATION
Val`i*da"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. validation.]

Defn: The act of giving validity. [R.] Knowles.

VALIDITY
Va*lid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. validité, L. validitas strength.]

1. The quality or state of being valid; strength; force; especially,
power to convince; justness; soundness; as, the validity of an
argument or proof; the validity of an objection.

2. (Law)

Defn: Legal strength, force, or authority; that quality of a thing
which renders it supportable in law, or equity; as, the validity of a
will; the validity of a contract, claim, or title.

3. Value. [Obs.] "Rich validity." Shak.

VALIDLY
Val"id*ly, adv.

Defn: In a valid manner; so as to be valid.

VALIDNESS
Val"id*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being valid.

VALINCH
Val"inch, n. Etym: [Cf. F. avaler to let down, drink up. Cf.
Avalanche.]

Defn: A tube for drawing liquors from a cask by the bunghole.
[Written also velinche.]

VALISE
Va*lise", n. Etym: [F. valise; cf. It. valigia, Sp. balija, LL.
valisia, valesia; of uncertain origin, perhaps through (assumed) LL.
vidulitia, from L. vidulus a leathern trunk; a knapsack.]

Defn: A small sack or case, usually of leather, but sometimes of
other material, for containing the clothes, toilet articles, etc., of
a traveler; a traveling bag; a portmanteau.

VALKYRIA
Val*kyr"i*a, n. Etym: [Icel. valkyrja (akin to AS. wælcyrie); valr
the slain + kjosa to choose. See Valhalla, and Choose.] (Scand.
Myth.)

Defn: One of the maidens of Odin, represented as awful and beautiful,
who presided over battle and marked out those who were to be slain,
and who also ministered at the feasts of heroes in Valhalla. [Written
also Valkyr, and Walkyr.]

VALKYRIAN
Val*kyr"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Valkyrias; hence, relating to battle.
"Ourself have often tried Valkyrian hymns." Tennyson.

VALLANCY
Val*lan"cy, n. Etym: [From Valance.]

Defn: A large wig that shades the face. [Obs.]

VALLAR
Val"lar, a. Etym: [L.vallaris.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a rampart. Vallar crown (Rom. Antiq.), a
circular gold crown with palisades, bestowed upon the soldier who
first surmounted the rampart and broke into the enemy's camp.

VALLAR
Val"lar, n.

Defn: A vallar crown.

VALLARY
Val"la*ry, a.

Defn: Same as Vallar.

VALLATION
Val*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. vallatio, fr. vallare to surround with a
rampart, fr. vallum rampart. See Wall, n.]

Defn: A rampart or intrenchment.

VALLATORY
Val"la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a vallation; used for a vallation; as,
vallatory reads. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

VALLECULA
Val*lec"u*la, n.; pl. Valleculæ. Etym: [NL., dim. fr. L. vallis,
valles, a valley.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A groove; a fossa; as, the vallecula, or fossa, which separates
the hemispheres of the cerebellum.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the grooves, or hollows, between the ribs of the fruit
of umbelliferous plants.

VALLET'S PILLS
Val`let's pills". Etym: [From Dr. Vallet of Paris.] (Med.)

Defn: Pills containing sulphate of iron and carbonate of sodium,
mixed with saccharine matter; -- called also Vallet's mass.

VALLEY
Val"ley, n.; pl. Valleys. Etym: [OE. vale, valeie, OF. valée, valede,
F. vallée, LL. vallata, L. vallis, valles. See Vale.]

1. The space inclosed between ranges of hills or mountains; the strip
of land at the bottom of the depressions intersecting a country,
including usually the bed of a stream, with frequently broad alluvial
plains on one or both sides of the stream. Also used figuratively.
The valley of the shadow of death. Ps. xxiii. 4.
Sweet interchange Of hill and valley, rivers, woods, and plains.
Milton.

Note: Deep and narrow valleys with abrupt sides are usually the
results of erosion by water, and are called gorges, ravines, cañons,
gulches, etc.

2. (Arch.)
(a) The place of meeting of two slopes of a roof, which have their
plates running in different directions, and form on the plan a
reëntrant angle.
(b) The depression formed by the meeting of two slopes on a flat
roof. Valley board (Arch.), a board for the reception of the lead
gutter in the valley of a roof. The valley board and lead gutter are
not usual in the United States.
 -- Valley rafter, or Valley piece (Arch.), the rafter which supports
the valley.
 -- Valley roof (Arch.), a roof having one or more valleys. See
Valley, 2, above.

VALLUM
Val"lum, n.; pl. L. Valla, E. Vallums. Etym: [L. See Wall.] (Rom.
Antiq.)

Defn: A rampart; a wall, as in a fortification.

VALONIA
Va*lo"ni*a, n. Etym: [It. vallonia, vallonea, fr. NGr. balania`,
balanidia`, the holm oak, bala`ni, balani`di, an acorn, Gr.
ba`lanos.]

1. The acorn cup of two kinds of oak (Quercus macrolepis, and Q.
vallonea) found in Eastern Europe. It contains abundance of tannin,
and is much used by tanners and dyers.

2. Etym: [Perhaps named from its resemblance to an acorn.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of marine green algæ, in which the whole frond consists
of a single oval or cylindrical cell, often an inch in length.

VALOR
Val"or, n. Etym: [OE. valour, OF. valor, valur, valour, F. valeur,
LL. valor, fr. L. valere to be strong, or worth. See Valiant.]
[Written also valour.]

1. Value; worth. [Obs.] "The valor of a penny." Sir T. More.

2. Strength of mind in regard to danger; that quality which enables a
man to encounter danger with firmness; personal bravery; courage;
prowess; intrepidity.
For contemplation he and valor formed. Milton.
When valor preys on reason, It eats the sword it fights with. Shak.
Fear to do base, unworthy things is valor. B. Jonson.

3. A brave man; a man of valor. [R.] Ld. Lytton.

Syn.
 -- Courage; heroism; bravery; gallantry; boldness; fearlessness. See
Courage, and Heroism.

VALORIZATION
Val`or*i*za"tion, n. [Pg. valorizacão.]

Defn: Act or process of attempting to give an arbitrary market value
or price to a commodity by governmental interference, as by
maintaining a purchasing fund, making loans to producers to enable
them to hold their products, etc.; -- used chiefly of such action by
Brazil.

VALOROUS
Val"or*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. valeureux, LL. valorosus.]

Defn: Possessing or exhibiting valor; brave; courageous; valiant;
intrepid.
 -- Val"or*ous*ly, adv.

VALSALVIAN
Val*sal"vi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Valsalva, an Italian anatomist of the 17th
century. Valsalvian experiment (Med.), the process of inflating the
middle ear by closing the mouth and nostrils, and blowing so as to
puff out the cheeks.

VALUABLE
Val"u*a*ble, a.

1. Having value or worth; possessing qualities which are useful and
esteemed; precious; costly; as, a valuable horse; valuable land; a
valuable cargo.

2. Worthy; estimable; deserving esteem; as, a valuable friend; a
valuable companion. Valuable consideration (Law), an equivalent or
compensation having value given for a thing purchased, as money,
marriage, services, etc. Blackstone. Bouvier.

VALUABLE
Val"u*a*ble, n.

Defn: A precious possession; a thing of value, especially a small
thing, as an article of jewelry; -- used mostly in the plural.
The food and valuables they offer to the gods. Tylor.

VALUABLENESS
Val"u*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being valuable.

VALUABLY
Val"u*a*bly, adv.

Defn: So as to be of value.

VALUATION
Val`u*a"tion, n.

1. The act of valuing, or of estimating value or worth; the act of
setting a price; estimation; appraisement; as, a valuation of lands
for the purpose of taxation.

2. Value set upon a thing; estimated value or worth; as, the goods
sold for more than their valuation.
Since of your lives you set So slight a valuation. Shak.

VALUATOR
Val"u*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who assesses, or sets a value on, anything; an appraiser.
Swift.

VALUE
Val"ue, n. Etym: [OF. value, fr. valoir, p. p. valu, to be worth, fr.
L. valere to be strong, to be worth. See Valiant.]

1. The property or aggregate properties of a thing by which it is
rendered useful or desirable, or the degree of such property or sum
of properties; worth; excellence; utility; importance.

Ye are all physicians of no value. Job xiii. 4.
Ye are of more value than many sparrows. Matt. x. 31.
Cæsar is well acquainted with your virtue, And therefore sets this
value on your life. Addison.
Before events shall have decided on the value of the measures.
Marshall.

2. (Trade & Polit. Econ.)

Defn: Worth estimated by any standard of purchasing power, especially
by the market price, or the amount of money agreed upon as an
equivalent to the utility and cost of anything.
An article may be possessed of the highest degree of utility, or
power to minister to our wants and enjoyments, and may be universally
made use of, without possessing exchangeable value. M'Culloch.
Value is the power to command commodities generally. A. L. Chapin
(Johnson's Cys.).
Value is the generic term which expresses power in exchange. F. A.
Walker.
His design was not to pay him the value of his pictures, because they
were above any price. Dryden.

Note: In political economy, value is often distinguished as intrinsic
and exchangeable. Intrinsic value is the same as utility or
adaptation to satisfy the desires or wants of men. Exchangeable value
is that in an article or product which disposes individuals to give
for it some quantity of labor, or some other article or product
obtainable by labor; as, pure air has an intrinsic value, but
generally not an exchangeable value.

3. Precise signification; import; as, the value of a word; the value
of a legal instrument Mitford.

4. Esteem; regard. Dryden.
My relation to the person was so near, and my value for him so great
Bp. Burnet.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: The relative length or duration of a tone or note, answering to
quantity in prosody; thus, a quarter note [value of two eighth notes
[

6. In an artistical composition, the character of any one part in its
relation to other parts and to the whole; -- often used in the
plural; as, the values are well given, or well maintained.

7. Valor. [Written also valew.] [Obs.] Spenser. Value received, a
phrase usually employed in a bill of exchange or a promissory note,
to denote that a consideration has been given for it. Bouvier.

VALUE
Val"ue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Valued; p. pr. & vb. n. Valuing.]

1. To estimate the value, or worth, of; to rate at a certain price;
to appraise; to reckon with respect to number, power, importance,
etc.
The mind doth value every moment. Bacon.
The queen is valued thirty thousand strong. Shak.
The king must take it ill, That he's so slightly valued in his
messenger. Shak.
Neither of them valued their promises according to rules of honor or
integrity. Clarendon.

2. To rate highly; to have in high esteem; to hold in respect and
estimation; to appreciate; to prize; as, to value one for his works
or his virtues.
Which of the dukes he values most. Shak.

3. To raise to estimation; to cause to have value, either real or
apparent; to enhance in value. [Obs.]
Some value themselves to their country by jealousies of the crown.
Sir W. Temple.

4. To be worth; to be equal to in value. [Obs.]
The peace between the French and us not values The cost that did
conclude it. Shak.

Syn.
 -- To compute; rate; appraise; esteem; respect; regard; estimate;
prize; appreciate.

VALUED
Val"ued, a.

Defn: Highly regarded; esteemed; prized; as, a valued contributor; a
valued friend. Valued policy. See under Policy.

VALUED POLICY
Val"ued pol"i*cy. (Fire Insurance)

Defn: A policy in which the value of the goods, property, or interest
insured is specified; -- opposed to open policy.

VALUED-POLICY LAW
Valued-policy law. (Fire Insurance)

Defn: A law requiring insurance companies to pay to the insured, in
case of total loss, the full amount of the insurance, regardless of
the actual value of the property at the time of the loss.

VALUELESS
Val"ue*less, a.

Defn: Being of no value; having no worth.

VALUER
Val"u*er, n.

Defn: One who values; an appraiser.

VALURE
Val"ure, n.

Defn: Value. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

VALVAL; VALVAR
Valv"al, Valv"ar, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Valvular.

VALVASOR
Val"va*sor, n. (Feud. Law)

Defn: See Vavasor.

VALVATA
Val*va"ta, n. Etym: [NL.; cf. L. valvatus having folding doors. See
Valve.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small spiral fresh-water gastropods having an
operculum.

VALVATE
Valv"ate, a. Etym: [L. valvatus having folding doors.]

1. Resembling, or serving as, a valve; consisting of, or opening by,
a valve or valves; valvular.

2. (Bot.)
(a) Meeting at the edges without overlapping; -- said of the sepals
or the petals of flowers in æstivation, and of leaves in vernation.
(b) Opening as if by doors or valves, as most kinds of capsules and
some anthers.

VALVE
Valve, n. Etym: [L. valva the leaf, fold, or valve of a door: cf. F.
valve.]

1. A door; especially, one of a pair of folding doors, or one of the
leaves of such a door.
Swift through the valves the visionary fair Repassed. Pope.
Heavily closed, . . . the valves of the barn doors. Longfellow.

2. A lid, plug, or cover, applied to an aperture so that by its
movement, as by swinging, lifting and falling, sliding, turning, or
the like, it will open or close the aperture to permit or prevent
passage, as of a fluid.

Note: A valve may act automatically so as to be opened by the effort
of a fluid to pass in one direction, and closed by the effort to pass
in the other direction, as a clack valve; or it may be opened or
closed by hand or by mechanism, as a screw valve, or a slide valve.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: One or more membranous partitions, flaps, or folds, which
permit the passage of the contents of a vessel or cavity in one
direction, but stop or retard the flow in the opposite direction; as,
the ileocolic, mitral, and semilunar valves.

4. (Bot.)
(a) One of the pieces into which a capsule naturally separates when
it bursts.
(b) One of the two similar portions of the shell of a diatom.
(c) A small portion of certain anthers, which opens like a trapdoor
to allow the pollen to escape, as in the barberry.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the pieces or divisions of bivalve or multivalve shells.
Air valve, Ball valve, Check valve, etc. See under Air. Ball, Check,
etc.
 -- Double-beat valve, a kind of balance valve usually consisting of
a movable, open-ended, turban-shaped shell provided with two faces of
nearly equal diameters, one above another, which rest upon two
corresponding seats when the valve is closed.
 -- Equilibrium valve. (a) A balance valve. See under Balance. (b) A
valve for permitting air, steam, water, etc., to pass into or out of
a chamber so as to establish or maintain equal pressure within and
without.
 -- Valve chest (Mach.), a chamber in which a valve works; especially
(Steam Engine), the steam chest; -- called in England valve box, and
valve casing. See Steam chest, under Steam.
 -- Valve face (Mach.), that part of the surface of a valve which
comes in contact with the valve seat.
 -- Valve gear, or Valve motion (Steam Engine), the system of parts
by which motion is given to the valve or valves for the distribution
of steam in the cylinder. For an illustration of one form of valve
gear, see Link motion.
 -- Valve seat. (Mach.) (a) The fixed surface on which a valve rests
or against which it presses. (b) A part or piece on which such a
surface is formed.
 -- Valve stem (Mach.), a rod attached to a valve, for moving it.
 -- Valve yoke (Mach.), a strap embracing a slide valve and
connecting it to the valve stem.

VALVED
Valved, a.

Defn: Having a valve or valve; valvate.

VALVELET
Valve"let, n.

Defn: A little valve; a valvule; especially, one of the pieces which
compose the outer covering of a pericarp.

VALVE-SHELL
Valve"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fresh-water gastropod of the genus Valvata.

VALVULA
Val"vu*la, n.; pl. Valvulæ. Etym: [NL., dim. fr. L. valva fold, valve
of a door.] (Anat.)

Defn: A little valve or fold; a valvelet; a valvule.

VALVULAR
Valv"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. valvulaire.]

1. Of or pertaining to a valve or valves; specifically (Med.), of or
pertaining to the valves of the heart; as, valvular disease.

2. Containing valves; serving as a valve; opening by valves; valvate;
as, a valvular capsule.

VALVULE
Valv"ule, n. Etym: [Cf. F. valvule.]

1. A little valve; a valvelet.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small valvelike process.

VALYLENE
Val"yl*ene, n. Etym: [Valerian + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A volatile liquid hydrocarbon, C5H6, related to ethylene and
acetylene, but possessing the property of unsaturation in the third
degree. It is the only known member of a distinct series of
compounds. It has a garlic odor.

VAMBRACE
Vam"brace, n. Etym: [See Vantbrass.] (Anc. Armor)

Defn: The piece designed to protect the arm from the elbow to the
wrist.

VAMOSE
Va*mose", v. i. & t. Etym: [Sp. vamos let us go.]

Defn: To depart quickly; to depart from. [Written also vamos, and
vamoose.] [Slang, Eng. & U. S.]

VAMP
Vamp v. i.

Defn: To advance; to travel. [Obs.]

VAMP
Vamp, n. Etym: [OE. vampe, vaumpe, vauntpe, F. avantpied the
forefoot, vamp; anat before, fore + pied foot, L. pes. See Advance,
Van of an army, and Foot.]

1. The part of a boot or shoe above the sole and welt, and in front
of the ankle seam; an upper.

2. Any piece added to an old thing to give it a new appearance. See
Vamp, v. t.

VAMP
Vamp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vamped; p. pr. & vb. n. Vamping.]

Defn: To provide, as a shoe, with new upper leather; hence, to piece,
as any old thing, with a new part; to repair; to patch; -- often
followed by up.
I had never much hopes of your vamped play. Swift.

VAMPER
Vamp"er, n.

Defn: One who vamps; one who pieces an old thing with something new;
a cobbler.

VAMPER
Vamp"er, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Vaunt.]

Defn: To swagger; to make an ostentatious show. [Prov. eng. & Scot.]
Jamieson.

VAMPIRE
Vam"pire, n. Etym: [F. vampire (cf. It. vampiro, G. & D. vampir), fr.
Servian vampir.] [Written also vampyre.]

1. A blood-sucking ghost; a soul of a dead person superstitiously
believed to come from the grave and wander about by night sucking the
blood of persons asleep, thus causing their death. This superstition
is now prevalent in parts of Eastern Europe, and was especially
current in Hungary about the year 1730.
The persons who turn vampires are generally wizards, witches,
suicides, and persons who have come to a violent end, or have been
cursed by their parents or by the church, Encyc. Brit.

2. Fig.: One who lives by preying on others; an extortioner; a
bloodsucker.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Either one of two or more species of South American blood-
sucking bats belonging to the genera Desmodus and Diphylla. These
bats are destitute of molar teeth, but have strong, sharp cutting
incisors with which they make punctured wounds from which they suck
the blood of horses, cattle, and other animals, as well as man,
chiefly during sleep. They have a cæcal appendage to the stomach, in
which the blood with which they gorge themselves is stored.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of harmless tropical American bats
of the genus Vampyrus, especially V. spectrum. These bats feed upon
insects and fruit, but were formerly erroneously supposed to suck the
blood of man and animals. Called also false vampire. Vampire bat
(Zoöl.), a vampire, 3.

VAMPIRISM
Vam"pir*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vampirisme.]

1. Belief in the existence of vampires.

2. The actions of a vampire; the practice of bloodsucking.

3. Fig.: The practice of extortion. Carlyle.

VAMPLATE
Vam"plate`, n. Etym: [F. avant fore, fore + E. plate.]

Defn: A round of iron on the shaft of a tilting spear, to protect the
hand. [Written also vamplet.]

VAMURE
Va"mure, n.

Defn: See Vauntmure. [Obs.]

VAN
Van, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. vanguard.]

Defn: The front of an army; the first line or leading column; also,
the front line or foremost division of a fleet, either in sailing or
in battle.
Standards and gonfalons, twixt van and rear, Stream in the air.
Milton.

VAN
Van, n. Etym: [Cornish.] (Mining)

Defn: A shovel used in cleansing ore.

VAN
Van, v. t. (Mining)

Defn: To wash or cleanse, as a small portion of ore, on a shovel.
Raymond.

VAN
Van, n. Etym: [Abbreviated from caravan.]

1. A light wagon, either covered or open, used by tradesmen and
others fore the transportation of goods. [Eng.]

2. A large covered wagon for moving furniture, etc., also for
conveying wild beasts, etc., for exhibition.

3. A close railway car for baggage. See the Note under Car, 2. [Eng.]

VAN
Van, n. Etym: [L. vannus a van, or fan for winnowing grain: cf. F.
van. Cf. Fan, Van a wing Winnow.]

1. A fan or other contrivance, as a sieve, for winnowing grain.

2. Etym: [OF. vanne, F. vanneau beam feather (cf. It. vanno a wing)
fr. L. vannus. See Etymology above.]

Defn: A wing with which the air is beaten. [Archaic] "[/Angels] on
the air plumy vans received him. " Milton.
He wheeled in air, and stretched his vans in vain; His vans no longer
could his flight sustain. Dryden.

VAN
Van, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. vanner to winnow, to fan. See Van a
winnowing machine.]

Defn: To fan, or to cleanse by fanning; to winnow. [Obs.] Bacon.

VANADATE
Van"a*date, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vanadate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of vanadic acid. [Formerly also vanadiate.]

VANADIC
Va*nad"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, vanadium; containing vanadium;
specifically distinguished those compounds in which vanadium has a
relatively higher valence as contrasted with the vanadious compounds;
as, vanadic oxide. Vanadic acid (Chem.), an acid analogous to
phosphoric acid, not known in the free state but forming a well-known
series of salts.

VANADINITE
Va*nad"i*nite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in yellowish, and ruby-red hexagonal
crystals. It consist of lead vanadate with a small proportion of lead
chloride.

VANADIOUS
Va*na"di*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, vanadium; specifically,
designating those compounds in which vanadium has a lower valence as
contrasted with the vanadic compounds; as, vanadious acid. [Sometimes
written also vanadous.]

VANADITE
Van"a*dite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of vanadious acid, analogous to a nitrite or a
phosphite.

VANADIUM
Va*na"di*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Icel. Vanadis, a surname of the
Scandinavian goddess Freya.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare element of the nitrogen-phosphorus group, found
combined, in vanadates, in certain minerals, and reduced as an
infusible, grayish-white metallic powder. It is intermediate between
the metals and the non-metals, having both basic and acid properties.
Sumbol V (or Vd, rarely). Atomic weight 51.2.

VANADIUM BRONZE
Va*na"di*um bronze`. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow pigment consisting of a compound of vanadium.

VANADOUS
Van"a*dous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to vanadium; obtained from vanadium; -- said
of an acid containing one equivalent of vanadium and two of oxygen.

VANADYL
Van"a*dyl, n. Etym: [Vanadium + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical VO, regarded as a characterized
residue of certain vanadium compounds.

VAN-COURIER
Van"-cou`ri*er, n. Etym: [F. avant-courrier.See Avant, Van of an
army, and Courier, and cf. Avant-courier, Vaunt-courier.]

Defn: One sent in advance; an avant-courier; a precursor.

VANDAL
Van"dal, n. Etym: [L. Vandalus, Vandalius; of Teutonic origin, and
probably originally signifying, a wanderer. Cf. Wander.]

1. (Anc. Hist.)

Defn: One of a Teutonic race, formerly dwelling on the south shore of
the Baltic, the most barbarous and fierce of the northern nations
that plundered Rome in the 5th century, notorious for destroying the
monuments of art and literature.

2. Hence, one who willfully destroys or defaces any work of art or
literature.
The Vandals of our isle, Sworn foes to sense and law. Cowper.

VANDAL; VANDALIC
Van"dal, Van*dal"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Vandals; resembling the Vandals in
barbarism and destructiveness.

VANDALISM
Van"dal*ism, n.

Defn: The spirit or conduct of the Vandals; ferocious cruelty;
hostility to the arts and literature, or willful destruction or
defacement of their monuments.

VANDYKE
Van*dyke", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the style of Vandyke the painter; used or
represented by Vandyke. "His Vandyke dress." Macaulay. [Written also
Vandyck.] Vandyke brown (Paint.), a pigment of a deep
semitranssparent brown color, supposed to be the color used by
Vandyke in his pictures.
 -- Vandyke collar or cape, a broad collar or cape of linen and lace
with a deep pointed or scalloped edge, worn lying on the shoulders; -
- so called from its appearance in pictures by Vandyke.
 -- Vandyke edge, an edge having ornamental triangular points.

VANDYKE
Van*dyke", n.

Defn: A picture by Vandyke. Also, a Vandyke collar, or a Vandyke
edge. [Written also Vandyck.]

VANDYKE
Van*dyke", v. t.

Defn: fit or furnish with a Vandyke; to form with points or scallops
like a Vandyke. [R.] [Written also Vandyck.]

VANDYKE BEARD
Van*dyke" beard`.

Defn: A trim, pointed beard, such as those often seen in pictures by
Vandyke.

VANE
Vane, n. Etym: [OE. & E. Prov. E. fane weathercock, banner, AS. fana
a banner, flag; akin to D. vaan, G. fahne, OHG. fano cloth, gund fano
flag, Icel. fani, Sw. fana, Dan. fane, Goth. fana cloth, L. pannus,
and perhaps to Gr.Fanon, Pane a compartment, panel.]

1. A contrivance attached to some elevated object for the purpose of
showing which way the wind blows; a weathercock. It is usually a
plate or strip of metal, or slip of wood, often cut into some
fanciful form, and placed upon a perpendicular axis around which it
moves freely.
Aye undiscreet, and changing as a vane. Chaucer.

2. Any flat, extended surface attached to an axis and moved by the
wind; as, the vane of a windmill; hence, a similar fixture of any
form moved in or by water, air, or other fluid; as, the vane of a
screw propeller, a fan blower, an anemometer, etc.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The rhachis and web of a feather taken together.

4. One of the sights of a compass, quadrant, etc. Vane of a leveling
staff. (Surv.) Same as Target, 3.

VANESSA
Van*es"sa, n. Etym: [Probably from Swift's poem of Cadenus and
Vanessa. See Vanessa, in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of handsomely colored butterflies
belonging to Vanessa and allied genera. Many of these species have
the edges of the wings irregularly scalloped.

VANESSIAN
Van*es"si*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A vanessa.

VANFESS
Van"fess`, n. Etym: [F. avant-fossé; avant before + fossé ditch. Cf.
Fosse.] (Fort.)

Defn: A ditch on the outside of the counterscarp, usually full of
water.

VANG
Vang, n. Etym: [D. vangen to catch, seize. See Fang.] (Naut.)

Defn: A rope to steady the peak of a gaff.

VANGLO
Van"glo, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Benne (Sesamum orientale); also, its seeds; -- so called in the
West Indies.

VANGUARD
Van"guard`, n. Etym: [For vantguard, avantguard, F. avant-garde;
avant before, fore + garde guard. See Avant, Ab-,Ante-, and Guard,
and cf. Advance, Vamp, Van of an army, Vaward.] (Mil.)

Defn: The troops who march in front of an army; the advance guard;
the van.

VANILLA
Va*nil"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Sp. vainilla, dim. of Sp. vaina a
sheath, a pod, L. vagina; because its grains, or seeds, are contained
in little pods.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of climbing orchidaceous plants natives of tropical
America.

2. The long podlike capsules of Vanilla planifolia, and V.
claviculata, remarkable for their delicate and agreeable odor, for
the volatile, odoriferous oil extracted from them; also, the
flavoring extract made from the capsules, extensively used in
confectionery, perfumery, etc.

Note: As a medicine, vanilla is supposed to possess powers analogous
to valerian, while, at the same time, it is far more grateful. Cuban
vanilla, a sweet-scented West Indian composite shrub (Eupatorium
Dalea).
 -- Vanilla bean, the long capsule of the vanilla plant.
 -- Vanilla grass. Same as Holy grass, under Holy.

VANILLATE
Va*nil"late, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of vanillic acid.

VANILLIC
Va*nil"lic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, vanilla or vanillin; resembling
vanillin; specifically, designating an alcohol and an acid
respectively, vanillin being the intermediate aldehyde.

VANILLIN
Va*nil"lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline aldehyde having a burning taste and
characteristic odor of vanilla. It is extracted from vanilla pods,
and is also obtained by the decomposition of coniferin, and by the
oxidation of eugenol.

VANILLOES
Va*nil"loes, n. pl.

Defn: An inferior kind of vanilla, the pods of Vanilla Pompona.

VANILLYL
Va*nil"lyl, n. Etym: [Vanillic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical characteristic of vanillic alcohol.

VANILOQUENCE
Va*nil"o*quence, n. Etym: [L. vaniloquentia; vanus vain + loquentia
talk, loqui to speak.]

Defn: Vain or foolish talk. [Obs.]

VANISH
Van"ish, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Vanished; p. pr. & vb. n. Vanishing.]
Etym: [OE. vanissen, OF. vanir (in comp.): cf. OF. envanir, esvanir,
esvanuïr, F. s'évanouir; fr. L. vanus empty, vain; cf. L. vanescere,
evanescere, to vanish. See Vain, and cf. Evanescent,-ish.]

1. To pass from a visible to an invisible state; to go out of sight;
to disappear; to fade; as, vapor vanishes from the sight by being
dissipated; a ship vanishes from the sight of spectators on land.
The horse vanished . . . out of sight. Chaucer.
Go; vanish into air; away! Shak.
The champions vanished from their posts with the speed of lightning.
Sir W. Scott.
Gliding from the twilight past to vanish among realities. Hawthorne.

2. To be annihilated or lost; to pass away. "All these delights will
vanish." Milton.

VANISH
Van"ish, n. (Phon.)

Defn: The brief terminal part of vowel or vocal element, differing
more or less in quality from the main part; as, a as in ale
ordinarily ends with a vanish of i as in ill, o as in old with a
vanish of oo as in foot. Rush.

Note: The vanish is included by Mr. Bell under the general term
glide.

VANISHING
Van"ish*ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Vanish, v. Vanishing fraction (Math.), a fraction
which reduces to the form Math. Dict.
 -- Vanishing line (Persp.), the intersection of the parallel of any
original plane and picture; one of the lines converging to the
vanishing point.
 -- Vanishing point (Persp.), the point to which all parallel lines
in the same plane tend in the representation. Gwilt.
 -- Vanishing stress (Phon.), stress of voice upon the closing
portion of a syllable. Rush.

VANISHMENT
Van"ish*ment, n.

Defn: A vanishing. [Obs.]

VANITY
Van"i*ty, n.; pl. Vanities. Etym: [OE. vanite, vanité, L. vanitas,
fr. vanus empty, vain. See Vain.]

1. The quality or state of being vain; want of substance to satisfy
desire; emptiness; unsubstantialness; unrealness; falsity.
Vanity of vanities, saith the Preacher, vanity of vanities; all is
vanity. Eccl. i. 2.
Here I may well show the vanity of that which is reported in the
story of Walsingham. Sir J. Davies.

2. An inflation of mind upon slight grounds; empty pride inspired by
an overweening conceit of one's personal attainments or decorations;
an excessive desire for notice or approval; pride; ostentation;
conceit.
The exquisitely sensitive vanity of Garrick was galled. Macaulay.

3. That which is vain; anything empty, visionary, unreal, or
unsubstantial; fruitless desire or effort; trifling labor productive
of no good; empty pleasure; vain pursuit; idle show; unsubstantial
enjoyment.
Vanity of vanities, saith the Preacher. Eccl. i. 2.
Vanity possesseth many who are desirous to know the certainty of
things to come. Sir P. Sidney.
[Sin] with vanity had filled the works of men. Milton.
Think not, when woman's transient breath is fled, That all her
vanities at once are dead; Succeeding vanities she still regards.
Pope.

4. One of the established characters in the old moralities and puppet
shows. See Morality, n., 5.
You . . . take vanity the puppet's part. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Egotism; pride; emptiness; worthlessness; self-sufficiency. See
Egotism, and Pride.

VANITY BOX
Van"i*ty box.

Defn: A small box, usually jeweled or of precious metal and worn on a
chain, containing a mirror, powder puff, and other small toilet
articles for a woman.

VANJAS
Van"jas, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Australian pied crow shrike (Strepera graculina). It is
glossy bluish black, with the under tail coverts and the tips and
bases of the tail feathers white.

VANNER
Van"ner, n. (Mining)

Defn: A machine for concentrating ore. See Frue vanner.

VANNER HAWK
Van"ner hawk`.

Defn: The kestrel. [Prov. Eng.]

VANNING
Van"ning, n. (Mining)

Defn: A process by which ores are washed on a shovel, or in a vanner.

VANQUISH
Van"quish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vanquished; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vanquishing.] Etym: [OE. venquishen, venquissen, venkisen,F. vaincre,
pret. vainquis, OF. veintre, pret. venqui, venquis (cf. an OF. infin.
vainquir), fr. L. vincere; akin to AS. wig war, battle, wigant a
warrior, wigan to fight, Icel. vig battle, Goth. weihan to fight,
contend. Cf. Convince, Evict, Invincible, Victor.]

1. To conquer, overcome, or subdue in battle, as an enemy. Hakluyt.
They . . . Vanquished the rebels in all encounters. Clarendon.

2. Hence, to defeat in any contest; to get the better of; to put
down; to refute.
This bold assertion has been fully vanquished in a late reply to the
Bishop of Meaux's treatise. Atterbury.
For e'en though vanquished, he could argue still. Goldsmith.

Syn.
 -- To conquer; surmount; overcome; confute; silence. See Conquer.

VANQUISH
Van"quish, n. (Far.)

Defn: A disease in sheep, in which they pine away. [Written also
vinquish.]

VANQUISHABLE
Van"quish*a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be vanquished.

VANQUISHER
Van"quish*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, vanquishes. Milton.

VANQUISHMENT
Van"quish*ment, n.

Defn: The act of vanquishing, or the state of being vanquished. Bp.
Hall.

VANSIRE
Van"sire, n. Etym: [The native name: cf. F. vansire.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An ichneumon (Herpestes galera) native of Southern Africa and
Madagascar. It is reddish brown or dark brown, grizzled with white.
Called also vondsira, and marsh ichneumon.

VANT
Vant, v. i.

Defn: See Vaunt. [Obs.]

VANTAGE
Van"tage (; 48), n. Etym: [Aphetic form of OE. avantage,fr. F.
avantage. See Advantage.]

1. superior or more favorable situation or opportunity; gain; profit;
advantage. [R.]
O happy vantage of a kneeling knee! Shak.

2. (Lawn Tennis)

Defn: The first point after deuce.

Note: When the server wins this point, it is called vantage in; when
the receiver, or striker out, wins, it is called vantage out. To have
at vantage, to have the advantage of; to be in a more favorable
condition than. "He had them at vantage, being tired and harassed
with a long march." Bacon.
 -- Vantage ground, superiority of state or place; the place or
condition which gives one an advantage over another. "The vantage
ground of truth. Bacon.
It is these things that give him his actual standing, and it is from
this vantage ground that he looks around him. I. Taylor.

VANTAGE
Van"tage, v. t.

Defn: To profit; to aid. [Obs.] Spenser.

VANTAGE GAME
Van"tage game. (Lawn Tennis)

Defn: The first game after the set is deuce. See Set, n., 9.

VANTAGE POINT
Vantage point.

Defn: A point giving advantage; vantage ground.

VANTBRACE; VANTBRASS
Vant"brace, Vant"brass, n. Etym: [F. avant fore + bras arm: cf. F.
brassard armor for the arm, brace, forearm. Cf. Vambrace.] (Anc.
Armor)

Defn: Armor for the arm; vambrace. Milton.

VANT-COURIER
Vant"-cou`ri*er, n.

Defn: An avant-courier. See Van-courier. [Obs.] Holland.

VAN'T HOFF'S LAW
Van't Hoff's law. [After J.H. van't Hoff, Dutch physical chemist.]
(Phys. Chem.)

Defn: The generalization that: when a system is in equilibrium, of
the two opposed interactions the endothermic is promoted by raising
the temperature, the exothermic by lowering it.

VANWARD
Van"ward, a.

Defn: Being on, or towards, the van, or front. "The vanward
frontier." De Quincey.

VAP
Vap, n. Etym: [See Vapid.]

Defn: That which is vapid, insipid, or lifeless; especially, the
lifeless part of liquor or wine. [Obs.]
In vain it is to wash a goblet, if you mean to put it nothing but the
dead lees and vap of wine. Jer. Taylor.

VAPID
Vap"id, a. Etym: [L. vapidus having lost its lire and spirit, vapid;
akin to vappa vapid wine, vapor vapor. See Vapor.]

Defn: Having lost its life and spirit; dead; spiritless; insipid;
flat; dull; unanimated; as, vapid beer; a vapid speech; a vapid state
of the blood.
A cheap, bloodless reformation, a guiltless liberty, appear flat and
vapid to their taste. Burke.
-- Vap"id*ly, adv.
 -- Vap"id*ness, n.

VAPIDITY
Va*pid"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vapid; vapidness.

VAPOR
Va"por, n. Etym: [OE. vapour, OF. vapour, vapor, vapeur, F. vapeur,
L. vapor; probably for cvapor, and akin to Gr. kvepti to breathe,
smell, Russ. kopote fine soot. Cf. Vapid.] [Written also vapour.]

1. (Physics)

Defn: Any substance in the gaseous, or aëriform, state, the condition
of which is ordinarily that of a liquid or solid.

Note: The term vapor is sometimes used in a more extended sense, as
identical with gas; and the difference between the two is not so much
one of kind as of degree, the latter being applied to all permanently
elastic fluids except atmospheric air, the former to those elastic
fluids which lose that condition at ordinary temperatures. The
atmosphere contains more or less vapor of water, a portion of which,
on a reduction of temperature, becomes condensed into liquid water in
the form of rain or dew. The vapor of water produced by boiling,
especially in its economic relations, is called steam.
Vapor is any substance in the gaseous condition at the maximum of
density consistent with that condition. This is the strict and proper
meaning of the word vapor. Nichol.

2. In a loose and popular sense, any visible diffused substance
floating in the atmosphere and impairing its transparency, as smoke,
fog, etc.
The vapour which that fro the earth glood [glided]. Chaucer.
Fire and hail; snow and vapors; stormy wind fulfilling his word. Ps.
cxlviii. 8.

3. Wind; flatulence. [Obs.] Bacon.

4. Something unsubstantial, fleeting, or transitory; unreal fancy;
vain imagination; idle talk; boasting.
For what is your life It is even a vapor, that appeareth for a little
time, and then vanisheth away. James iv. 14.

5. pl.

Defn: An old name for hypochondria, or melancholy; the blues. "A fit
of vapors." Pope.

6. (Pharm.)

Defn: A medicinal agent designed for administration in the form of
inhaled vapor. Brit. Pharm. Vapor bath. (a) A bath in vapor; the
application of vapor to the body, or part of it, in a close place;
also, the place itself. (b) (Chem.) A small metallic drying oven,
usually of copper, for drying and heating filter papers,
precipitates, etc.; -- called also air bath. A modified form is
provided with a jacket in the outside partition for holding water, or
other volatile liquid, by which the temperature may be limited
exactly to the required degree.
 -- Vapor burner, a burner for burning a vaporized hydrocarbon.
 -- Vapor density (Chem.), the relative weight of gases and vapors as
compared with some specific standard, usually hydrogen, but sometimes
air. The vapor density of gases and vaporizable substances as
compared with hydrogen, when multiplied by two, or when compared with
air and multiplied by 28.8, gives the molecular weight.
 -- Vapor engine, an engine worked by the expansive force of a vapor,
esp. a vapor other than steam.

VAPOR
Va"por, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Vapored; p. pr. & vb. n. Vaporing.] Etym:
[From Vapor, n.: cf. L. vaporare.] [Written also vapour.]

1. To pass off in fumes, or as a moist, floating substance, whether
visible or invisible, to steam; to be exhaled; to evaporate.

2. To emit vapor or fumes. [R.]
Running waters vapor not so much as standing waters. Bacon.

3. To talk idly; to boast or vaunt; to brag.
Poets used to vapor much after this manner. Milton.
We vapor and say, By this time Matthews has beaten them. Walpole.

VAPOR
Va"por, v. t.

Defn: To send off in vapor, or as if in vapor; as, to vapor away a
heated fluid. [Written also vapour.]
He'd laugh to see one throw his heart away, Another, sighing, vapor
forth his soul. B. Jonson.

VAPORABILITY
Vap`o*ra*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vaporable.

VAPORABLE
Vap"o*ra*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being converted into vapor by the agency of heat;
vaporizable.

VAPORATE
Vap"o*rate, v. i. Etym: [L. vaporare, vaporatum. See Vapor.]

Defn: To emit vapor; to evaporate. [R.]

VAPORATION
Vap`o*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vaporation, L. vaporatio.]

Defn: The act or process of converting into vapor, or of passing off
in vapor; evaporation. [R.]

VAPORED
Va"pored, a.

1. Wet with vapors; moist.

2. Affected with the vapors. See Vapor, n., 5.

VAPORER
Va"por*er, n.

Defn: One who vapors; a braggart. Vaporer moth. (Zoöl.) See Orgyia.

VAPOR GALVANIZING
Va"por gal"va*niz`ing. (Metal.)

Defn: A process for coating metal (usually iron or steel) surfaces
with zinc by exposing them to the vapor of zinc instead of, as in
ordinary galvanizing, to molten zinc; -- called also Sherardizing.
Vapor galvanizing is accomplished by heating the articles to be
galvanized together with zinc dust in an air tight receptacle to a
temperature of about 600º F., which is 188º below the melting point
of zinc, or by exposing the articles to vapor from molten zinc in a
separate receptacle, using hydrogen or other reducing gas to prevent
oxidation.

VAPORIFEROUS
Vap`o*rif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. vaporifer; vapor + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Conveying or producing vapor.

VAPORIFIC
Vap`o*rif"ic, a. Etym: [L. vapor vapor + facere to make.] (Chem.)

Defn: Producing vapor; tending to pass, or to cause to pass, into
vapor; thus, volatile fluids are vaporific; heat is a vaporific
agent.

VAPORIFORM
Va*por"i*form, a.

Defn: Existing in a vaporous form or state; as, steam is a vaporiform
substance.

VAPORIMETER
Vap`o*rim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Vapor + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the volume or the tension of any
vapor; specifically, an instrument of this sort used as an
alcoholometer in testing spirituous liquors.

VAPORING
Va"por*ing, a.

Defn: Talking idly; boasting; vaunting.
 -- Va"por*ing*ly, adv.

VAPORISH
Va"por*ish, a.

1. Full of vapors; vaporous.

2. Hypochondriacal; affected by hysterics; splenetic; peevish;
humorsome.
Pallas grew vap'rish once and odd. Pope.

VAPORIZABLE
Vap"o*ri`za*ble (; 110), a.

Defn: Capable of being vaporized into vapor.

VAPORIZATION
Vap`o*ri*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vaporisation.]

Defn: The act or process of vaporizing, or the state of being
converted into vapor; the artificial formation of vapor;
specifically, the conversion of water into steam, as in a steam
boiler.

VAPORIZE
Vap"o*rize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vaporized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vaporizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. vaporiser.]

Defn: To convert into vapor, as by the application of heat, whether
naturally or artificially. Vaporizing surface. (Steam Boilers) See
Evaporating surface, under Evaporate, v. t.

VAPORIZE
Vap"o*rize, v. i.

Defn: To pass off in vapor.

VAPORIZER
Vap"o*ri`zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, vaporizes, or converts into vapor.

VAPOROSE
Va"por*ose`, a.

Defn: Full of vapor; vaporous.

VAPOROUS
Va"por*ous, a. Etym: [L. vaporosus: cf. vaporeux.]

1. Having the form or nature of vapor. Holland.

2. Full of vapors or exhalations. Shak.
The warmer and more vaporous air of the valleys. Derham.

3. Producing vapors; hence, windy; flatulent. Bacon.
The food which is most vaporous and perspirable is the most easily
digested. Arbuthnot.

4. Unreal; unsubstantial; vain; whimsical.
Such vaporous speculations were inevitable. Carlyle.

VAPOROUSNESS
Va"por*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being vaporous.

VAPOR PRESSURE; VAPOR TENSION
Vapor pressure or tension . (Physics)

Defn: The pressure or tension of a confined body of vapor. The
pressure of a given saturated vapor is a function of the temperature
only, and may be measured by introducing a small quantity of the
substance into a barometer and noting the depression of the column of
mercury.

VAPORY
Va"por*y, a.

1. Full of vapors; vaporous.

2. Hypochondriacal; splenetic; peevish.

VAPULATION
Vap`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. vapulare to be

Defn: The act of beating or whipping. [Obs.]

VAQUERO
Va*que"ro, n. Etym: [Sp., cowherd, fr. vaca a cow, L. vacca. Cf.
Vacher.]

Defn: One who has charge of cattle, horses, etc.; a herdsman.
[Southwestern U. S.]

VARA
Va"ra, n. Etym: [Sp. See 1st Vare.]

Defn: A Spanish measure of length equal to about one yard. The vara
now in use equals 33.385 inches. Johnson's Cyc.

VARAN
Va"ran, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The monitor. See Monitor, 3.

VARANGIAN
Va*ran"gi*an, n.

Defn: One of the Northmen who founded a dynasty in Russia in the 9th
century; also, one of the Northmen composing, at a later date, the
imperial bodyguard at Constantinople.

VARANUS
Va*ra"nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Ar. waran, waral; cf. F. varan, from
the Arabic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of very large lizards native of Asia and Africa. It
includes the monitors. See Monitor, 3.

VARE
Vare, n. Etym: [Sp. vara staff, wand, L. vara forked pole.]

Defn: A wand or staff of authority or justice. [Obs.]
His hand a vare of justice did uphold. Dryden.

VARE
Vare, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A weasel. [Prov. Eng.] Vare widgeon (Zoöl.), a female or young
male of the smew; a weasel duck; -- so called from the resemblance of
the head to that of a vare, or weasel. [Prov. Eng.]

VAREC
Var"ec, n. Etym: [F. varech; of Teutonic origin. See Wrack seaweed,
wreck.]

Defn: The calcined ashes of any coarse seaweed used for the
manufacture of soda and iodine; also, the seaweed itself; fucus;
wrack.

VARGUENO
Var*gue"no (vär*ga"no), n. [Said to be fr. Vargas, name of a village
in Spain.] (Art)

Defn: A decorative cabinet, of a form originating in Spain, the body
being rectangular and supported on legs or an ornamental framework
and the front opening downwards on hinges to serve as a writing desk.

VARI
Va"ri, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vari.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ringtailed lemur (Lemur catta) of Madagascar. Its long tail
is annulated with black and white.

VARIABILITY
Va`ri*a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. variabilité.]

1. The quality or state of being variable; variableness.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The power possessed by living organisms, both animal and
vegetable, of adapting themselves to modifications or changes in
their environment, thus possibly giving rise to ultimate variation of
structure or function.

VARIABLE
Va"ri*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. variabilis: cf. F. variable.]

1. Having the capacity of varying or changing; capable of alternation
in any manner; changeable; as, variable winds or seasons; a variable
quantity.

2. Liable to vary; too susceptible of change; mutable; fickle;
unsteady; inconstant; as, the affections of men are variable;
passions are variable.
Lest that thy love prove likewise variable. Shak.
His heart, I know, how variable and vain! Milton.
Variable exhaust (Steam Eng.), a blast pipe with an adjustable
opening.
 -- Variable quantity (Math.), a variable.
 -- Variable stars (Astron.), fixed stars which vary in their
brightness, usually in more or less uniform periods.

Syn.
 -- Changeable; mutable; fickle; wavering; unsteady; versatile;
inconstant.

VARIABLE
Va"ri*a*ble, n.

1. That which is variable; that which varies, or is subject to
change.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A quantity which may increase or decrease; a quantity which
admits of an infinite number of values in the same expression; a
variable quantity; as, in the equation x2 - y2 = R2, x and y are
variables.

3. (Naut.)
(a) A shifting wind, or one that varies in force. (b) pl.

Defn: Those parts of the sea where a steady wind is not expected,
especially the parts between the trade-wind belts. Independent
variable (Math.), that one of two or more variables, connected with
each other in any way whatever, to which changes are supposed to be
given at will. Thus, in the equation x2 - y2 = R2, if arbitrary
changes are supposed to be given to x, then x is the independent
variable, and y is called a function of x. There may be two or more
independent variables in an equation or problem. Cf. Dependent
variable, under Dependent.

VARIABLENESS
Va"ri*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being variable; variability. James i.
17.

VARIABLY
Va"ri*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a variable manner.

VARIANCE
Va"ri*ance, n. Etym: [L. variantia.]

1. The quality or state of being variant; change of condition;
variation.

2. Difference that produce dispute or controversy; disagreement;
dissension; discord; dispute; quarrel.
That which is the strength of their amity shall prove the immediate
author of their variance. Shak.

3. (Law)

Defn: A disagreement or difference between two parts of the same
legal proceeding, which, to be effectual, ought to agree, -- as
between the writ and the declaration, or between the allegation and
the proof. Bouvier. A variance, in disagreement; in a state of
dissension or controversy; at enmity. "What cause brought him so soon
at variance with himself" Milton.

VARIANT
Va"ri*ant, a. Etym: [L. varians, p. pr. of variare to change: cf. F.
variant. See Vary.]

1. Varying in from, character, or the like; variable; different;
diverse.

2. Changeable; changing; fickle. [Obs.]
He is variant, he abit [abides] nowhere. Chaucer.

VARIANT
Va"ri*ant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. variante.]

Defn: Something which differs in form from another thing, though
really the same; as, a variant from a type in natural history; a
variant of a story or a word.

VARIATE
Va"ri*ate, v. t. & i. Etym: [L. variatus, p. p. of variare. See
Vary.]

Defn: To alter; to make different; to vary.

VARIATION
Va`ri*a"tion, n. Etym: [OE. variatioun, F. variation, L. variatio.
See Vary.]

1. The act of varying; a partial change in the form, position, state,
or qualities of a thing; modification; alternation; mutation;
diversity; deviation; as, a variation of color in different lights; a
variation in size; variation of language.
The essences of things are conceived not capable of any such
variation. Locke.

2. Extent to which a thing varies; amount of departure from a
position or state; amount or rate of change.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: Change of termination of words, as in declension, conjugation,
derivation, etc.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: Repetition of a theme or melody with fanciful embellishments or
modifications, in time, tune, or harmony, or sometimes change of key;
the presentation of a musical thought in new and varied aspects, yet
so that the essential features of the original shall still preserve
their identity.

5. (Alg.)

Defn: One of the different arrangements which can be made of any
number of quantities taking a certain number of them together. Annual
variation (Astron.), the yearly change in the right ascension or
declination of a star, produced by the combined effects of the
precession of the equinoxes and the proper motion of the star.
 -- Calculus of variations. See under Calculus.
 -- Variation compass. See under Compass.
 -- Variation of the moon (Astron.), an inequality of the moon's
motion, depending on the angular distance of the moon from the sun.
It is greater at the octants, and zero at the quadratures.
 -- Variation of the needle (Geog. & Naut.), the angle included
between the true and magnetic meridians of a place; the deviation of
the direction of a magnetic needle from the true north and south
line; -- called also declination of the needle.

Syn.
 -- Change; vicissitude; variety; deviation.

VARICELLA
Var`i*cel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of LL. variola smallpox.] (Med.)

Defn: Chicken pox.

VARICES
Var"i*ces, n. pl.

Defn: See Varix.

VARICIFORM
Va*ric"i*form, a. Etym: [Varix + -form.] (Med.)

Defn: Resembling a varix.

VARICOCELE
Var"i*co*cele, n. Etym: [Varix a dilated vein + Gr. varicocèle.]
(Med.)

Defn: A varicose enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord;
also, a like enlargement of the veins of the scrotum.

VARICOSE
Var"i*cose`, a. Etym: [L. varicosus, from varix, -icis, a dilated
vein; cf. varus bent, stretched, crooked.]

1. Irregularly swollen or enlarged; affected with, or containing,
varices, or varicosities; of or pertaining to varices, or
varicosities; as, a varicose nerve fiber; a varicose vein; varicose
ulcers.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Intended for the treatment of varicose veins; -- said of
elastic stockings, bandages. and the like.

VARICOSIS
Var`i*cos"is, n. [NL. See Varix, and -osis.] (Med.)

Defn: The formation of varices; varicosity.

VARICOSITY
Var`i*cos"i*ty, n.

1. The quality or state of being varicose.

2. An enlargement or swelling in a vessel, fiber, or the like; a
varix; as, the varicosities of nerve fibers.

VARICOTOMY
Var`i*cot"o*my, n. [See Varix; -tomy.] (Surg.)

Defn: Excision of a varicosity.

VARICOUS
Var"i*cous, a.

Defn: Varicose. [Obs.]

VARIED
Va"ried, a.

Defn: Changed; altered; various; diversified; as, a varied
experience; varied interests; varied scenery.
 -- Va"ried*ly, adv.
The varied fields of science, ever new. Cowper.

VARIEGATE
Va"ri*e*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Variegated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Variegating.] Etym: [L. variegatus, p. p. of variegare to variegate;
varius various + agere to move, make. See Various, and Agent.]

Defn: To diversify in external appearance; to mark with different
colors; to dapple; to streak; as, to variegate a floor with marble of
different colors.
The shells are filled with a white spar, which variegates and adds to
the beauty of the stone. Woodward.

VARIEGATED
Va"ri*e*ga`ted, a.

Defn: Having marks or patches of different colors; as, variegated
leaves, or flowers.
Ladies like variegated tulips show. Pope.

VARIEGATION
Va`ri*e*ga"tion, n.

Defn: The act of variegating or diversifying, or the state of being
diversified, by different colors; diversity of colors.

VARIER
Va"ri*er, n. Etym: [From Vary.]

Defn: A wanderer; one who strays in search of variety. [Poetic]
Pious variers from the church. Tennyson.

VARIETAL
Va*ri"e*tal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a variety; characterizing a variety;
constituting a variety, in distinction from an individual or species.
Perplexed in determining what differences to consider as specific,
and what as varietal. Darwin.

VARIETAS
Va*ri"e*tas, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A variety; -- used in giving scientific names, and often
abbreviated to var.

VARIETY
Va*ri"e*ty, n.; pl. Varieties. Etym: [L. varietas: cf. F. variété.
See Various.]

1. The quality or state of being various; intermixture or succession
of different things; diversity; multifariousness.
Variety is nothing else but a continued novelty. South.
The variety of colors depends upon the composition of light. Sir I.
Newton.
For earth this variety from heaven. Milton.
There is a variety in the tempers of good men. Atterbury.

2. That which is various. Specifically: --
(a) A number or collection of different things; a varied assortment;
as, a variety of cottons and silks.
He . . . wants more time to do that variety of good which his soul
thirsts after. Law.

(b) Something varying or differing from others of the same general
kind; one of a number of things that are akin; a sort; as, varieties
of wood, land, rocks, etc.
(c) (Biol.) An individual, or group of individuals, of a species
differing from the rest in some one or more of the characteristics
typical of the species, and capable either of perpetuating itself for
a period, or of being perpetuated by artificial means; hence, a
subdivision, or peculiar form, of a species.

Note: Varieties usually differ from species in that any two, however
unlike, will generally propagate indefinitely (unless they are in
their nature unfertile, as some varieties of rose and other
cultivated plants); in being a result of climate, food, or other
extrinsic conditions or influences, but generally by a sudden, rather
than a gradual, development; and in tending in many cases to lose
their distinctive peculiarities when the individuals are left to a
state of nature, and especially if restored to the conditions that
are natural to typical individuals of the species. Many varieties of
domesticated animals and of cultivated plants have been directly
produced by man.
(d) In inorganic nature, one of those forms in which a species may
occur, which differ in minor characteristics of structure, color,
purity of composition, etc.

Note: These may be viewed as variations from the typical species in
its most perfect and purest form, or, as is more commonly the case,
all the forms, including the latter, may rank as Varieties. Thus, the
sapphire is a blue variety, and the ruby a red variety, of corundum;
again, calcite has many Varieties differing in form and structure, as
Iceland spar, dogtooth spar, satin spar, and also others
characterized by the presence of small quantities of magnesia, iron,
manganese, etc. Still again, there are Varieties of granite differing
in structure, as graphic granite, porphyritic granite, and other
Varieties differing in composition, as albitic granite, hornblendic,
or syenitic, granite, etc. Geographical variety (Biol.), a variety of
any species which is coincident with a geographical region, and is
usually dependent upon, or caused by, peculiarities of climate.
 -- Variety hybrid (Biol.), a cross between two individuals of
different varieties of the same species; a mongrel.

Syn.
 -- Diversity; difference; kind.
 -- Variety, Diversity. A man has a variety of employments when he
does many things which are not a mere repetition of the same act; he
has a diversity of employments when the several acts performed are
unlike each other, that is, diverse. In most cases, where there is
variety there will be more or less of diversity, but not always. One
who sells railroad tickets performs a great variety of acts in a day,
while there is but little diversity in his employment.
All sorts are here that all the earth yields! Variety without end.
Milton.
But see in all corporeal nature's scene, What changes, what
diversities, have been! Blackmore.

VARIETY SHOW
Variety show.

Defn: A stage entertainment of successive separate performances,
usually songs, dances, acrobatic feats, dramatic sketches,
exhibitions of trained animals, or any specialties. Often loosely
called vaudeville show.

VARIFORM
Va"ri*form, a. Etym: [L. varius various + -form.]

Defn: Having different shapes or forms.

VARIFORMED
Va"ri*formed, a.

Defn: Formed with different shapes; having various forms; variform.

VARIFY
Va"ri*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. varius various + -fly.]

Defn: To make different; to vary; to variegate. [R.] Sylvester.

VARIOLA
Va*ri"o*la, n. Etym: [LL., fr. L. varius various. See Various.]
(Med.)

Defn: The smallpox.

VARIOLAR
Va*ri"o*lar, a. (Med.)

Defn: Variolous.

VARIOLATION
Va`ri*o*la"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: Inoculation with smallpox.

VARIOLE
Va"ri*ole, n. [Cf. F. variole smallpox. See Variola.]

1. A foveola.

2.  (Geol.) A spherule of a variolite.

VARIOLIC
Va`ri*ol"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Variolous.

VARIOLITE
Va"ri*o*lite, n. Etym: [L. varius various + -lite: cf. F. variolite.]
(Geol.)

Defn: A kind of diorite or diabase containing imbedded whitish
spherules, which give the rock a spotted appearance.

VARIOLITIC
Va`ri*o*lit"ic, a. Etym: [From Variola.]

1. Thickly marked with small, round specks; spotted.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, variolite.

VARIOLOID
Va"ri*o*loid, a. Etym: [Variola + -oid: cf. F. varioloïde.] (Med.)

Defn: Resembling smallpox; pertaining to the disease called
varioloid.

VARIOLOID
Va"ri*o*loid, n. Etym: [Cf. F. varioloïde. See Varioloid, a.] (Med.)

Defn: The smallpox as modified by previous inoculation or
vaccination.

Note: It is almost always a milder disease than smallpox, and this
circumstance, with its shorter duration, exhibits the salutary
effects of previous vaccination or inoculation. Dunglison.

VARIOLOUS
Va*ri"o*lous, a. Etym: [LL. variolosus, fr. variola the smallpox: cf.
F. varioleux.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the smallpox; having pits, or sunken
impressions, like those of the smallpox; variolar; variolic.

VARIOMETER
Va`ri*om"e*ter, n. [L. varius various + -meter.] (Elec.)

Defn: An instrument for comparing magnetic forces, esp. in the
earth's magnetic field.

VARIORUM
Va`ri*o"rum, a. Etym: [L., abbrev. fr. cum notis variorum with notes
of various persons.]

Defn: Containing notes by different persons; -- applied to a
publication; as, a variorum edition of a book.

VARIOUS
Va"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. varius. Cf. Vair.]

1. Different; diverse; several; manifold; as, men of various names;
various occupations; various colors.
So many and so various laws are given. Milton.
A wit as various, gay, grave, sage, or wild. Byron.

2. Changeable; uncertain; inconstant; variable.
A man so various, that he seemed to be Not one, but all mankind's
epitome. Dryden.
The names of mixed modes . . . are very various. Locke.

3. Variegated; diversified; not monotonous.
A happy rural seat of various view. Milton.

VARIOUSLY
Va"ri*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In various or different ways.

VARISCITE
Var"is*cite, n. Etym: [So called from Variscia in Germany.] (Min.)

Defn: An apple-green mineral occurring in reniform masses. It is a
hydrous phosphate of alumina.

VARISSE
Va*risse", n. Etym: [Cf. F. varice varix. Cf. Varix.] (Far.)

Defn: An imperfection on the inside of the hind leg in horses,
different from a curb, but at the same height, and frequently
injuring the sale of the animal by growing to an unsightly size.
Craig.

VARIX
Va"rix, n.; pl. Varices. Etym: [L.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A uneven, permanent dilatation of a vein.

Note: Varices are owing to local retardation of the venous
circulation, and in some cases to relaxation of the parietes of the
veins. They are very common in the superficial veins of the lower
limbs. Dunglison.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the prominent ridges or ribs extending across each of
the whorls of certain univalve shells.

Note: The varices usually indicate stages of growth, each one showing
a former position of the outer lip of the aperture.

VARK
Vark, n. Etym: [D. varken a pig.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bush hog, or boshvark.

VARLET
Var"let, n. Etym: [OF. varlet, vaslet, vallet, servant, young man,
young noble, dim of vassal. See Vassal, and cf. Valet.]

1. A servant, especially to a knight; an attendant; a valet; a
footman. [Obs.] Spenser. Tusser.

2. Hence, a low fellow; a scoundrel; a rascal; as, an impudent
varlet.
What a brazen-faced varlet art thou ! Shak.

3. In a pack of playing cards, the court card now called the knave,
or jack. [Obs.]

VARLETRY
Var"let*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. valeterie the young unmarried nobles.]

Defn: The rabble; the crowd; the mob.
Shall they hoist me up, And show me to the shouting varletry Of
censuring Rome. Shak.

VARNISH
Var"nish, n. Etym: [OE. vernish, F. vernis, LL. vernicium; akin to F.
vernir to varnish, fr. (assumed) LL. vitrinire to glaze, from LL.
vitrinus glassy, fr. L. vitrum glass. See Vitreous.]

1. A viscid liquid, consisting of a solution of resinous matter in an
oil or a volatile liquid, laid on work with a brush, or otherwise.
When applied the varnish soon dries, either by evaporation or
chemical action, and the resinous part forms thus a smooth, hard
surface, with a beautiful gloss, capable of resisting, to a greater
or less degree, the influences of air and moisture.

Note: According to the sorts of solvents employed, the ordinary kinds
of varnish are divided into three classes: spirit, turpentine, and
oil varnishes. Encyc. Brit

2. That which resembles varnish, either naturally or artificially; a
glossy appearance.
The varnish of the holly and ivy. Macaulay.

3. An artificial covering to give a fair appearance to any act or
conduct; outside show; gloss.
And set a double varnish on the fame The Frenchman gave you. Shak.
Varnish tree (Bot.), a tree or shrub from the juice or resin of which
varnish is made, as some species of the genus Rhus, especially R.
vernicifera of Japan. The black varnish of Burmah is obtained from
the Melanorrhoea usitatissima, a tall East Indian tree of the Cashew
family. See Copal, and Mastic.

VARNISH
Var"nish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Varnished; p. pr. & vb. n. Varnishing.]
Etym: [Cf. F. vernir, vernisser. See Varnish, n.]

1. To lay varnish on; to cover with a liquid which produces, when
dry, a hard, glossy surface; as, to varnish a table; to varnish a
painting.

2. To cover or conceal with something that gives a fair appearance;
to give a fair coloring to by words; to gloss over; to palliate; as,
to varnish guilt. "Beauty doth varnish age." Shak.
Close ambition, varnished o'er with zeal. Milton.
Cato's voice was ne'er employed To clear the guilty and to varnish
crimes. Addison.

VARNISHER
Var"nish*er, n.

1. One who varnishes; one whose occupation is to varnish.

2. One who disguises or palliates; one who gives a fair external
appearance. Pope.

VARNISHING
Var"nish*ing, n.

Defn: The act of laying on varnish; also, materials for varnish.

VARSITY
Var"si*ty, n.

Defn: Colloq. contr. of University.

VARSOVIENNE
Var`so`vienne", n. [F., prop. fem. of varsovien pertaining to Warsaw,
fr. Varsovie Warsaw, Pol. Warszawa.]
 (a) A kind of Polish dance.
 (b) Music for such a dance or having its slow triple time
characteristic strong accent beginning every second measure.

VARTABED
Var"ta*bed, n. Etym: [Armen., a doctor, master, preceptor.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A doctor or teacher in the Armenian church. Members of this
order of ecclesiastics frequently have charge of dioceses, with
episcopal functions.

VARUNA
Va*ru"na, n. Etym: [Skr. Varua.] (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: The god of the waters; the Indian Neptune. He is regarded as
regent of the west, and lord of punishment, and is represented as
riding on a sea monster, holding in his hand a snaky cord or noose
with which to bind offenders, under water.

VARUS
Va"rus, n. [NL., fr. L., bent, grown inwards.] (Med.)

Defn: A deformity in which the foot is turned inward. See Talipes.

VARVEL
Var"vel, n. Etym: [F. vervelle.]

Defn: In falconry, one of the rings secured to the ends of the
jesses. [Written also vervel.]

VARVELED
Var"veled, a.

Defn: Having varvels, or rings. [Written also varvelled, and
vervelled.]

Note: In heraldry, when the jesses attached to the legs of hawks hang
loose, or have pendent ends with rings at the tips, the blazon is a
hawk (or a hawk's leg) jessed and varveled.

VARY
Va"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Varied; p. pr. & vb. n. Varying.] Etym:
[OE. varien, F. varier, L. variare, fr. varius various. See Various,
and cf. Variate.]

1. To change the aspect of; to alter in form, appearance, substance,
position, or the like; to make different by a partial change; to
modify; as, to vary the properties, proportions, or nature of a
thing; to vary a posture or an attitude; to vary one's dress or
opinions.
Shall we vary our device at will, Even as new occasion appears
Spenser.

2. To change to something else; to transmute; to exchange; to
alternate.
Gods, that never change their state, Vary oft their love and hate.
Waller.
We are to vary the customs according to the time and country where
the scene of action lies. Dryden.

3. To make of different kinds; to make different from one another; to
diversity; to variegate.
God hath varied their inclinations. Sir T. Browne.
God hath here Varied his bounty so with new delights. Milton.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: To embellish; to change fancifully; to present under new
aspects, as of form, key, measure, etc. See Variation, 4.

VARY
Va"ry, v. i.

1. To alter, or be altered, in any manner; to suffer a partial
change; to become different; to be modified; as, colors vary in
different lights.
That each from other differs, first confess; Next, that he varies
from himself no less. Pope.

2. To differ, or be different; to be unlike or diverse; as, the laws
of France vary from those of England.

3. To alter or change in succession; to alternate; as, one
mathematical quantity varies inversely as another.
While fear and anger, with alternate grace, Pant in her breast, and
vary in her face. Addison.

4. To deviate; to depart; to swerve; -- followed by from; as, to vary
from the law, or from reason. Locke.

5. To disagree; to be at variance or in dissension; as, men vary in
opinion.
The rich jewel which we vary for. Webster (1623).

VARY
Va"ry, n.

Defn: Alteration; change. [Obs.] Shak.

VARYING
Va"ry*ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Vary. Varying hare (Zoöl.), any hare or rabbit
which becomes white in winter, especially the common hare of the
Northern United States and Canada.

VAS
Vas, n.; pl. Vasa. Etym: [L., a vessel. See Vase.] (Anat.)

Defn: A vessel; a duct. Vas deferens; pl. Vasa deferentia. Etym: [L.
vas vessel + deferens carrying down.] (Anat.) The excretory duct of a
testicle; a spermatic duct.

VASCULAR
Vas"cu*lar, a. Etym: [L. vasculum a small vessel, dim. of vas vessel:
cf. F. vasculaire. See Vase, and cf. Vessel.]

1. (Biol.)
(a) Consisting of, or containing, vessels as an essential part of a
structure; full of vessels; specifically (Bot.), pertaining to, or
containing, special ducts, or tubes, for the circulation of sap.
(b) Operating by means of, or made up of an arrangement of, vessels;
as, the vascular system in animals, including the arteries, veins,
capillaries, lacteals, etc.
(c) Of or pertaining to the vessels of animal and vegetable bodies;
as, the vascular functions.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the higher division of plants, that is, the
phænogamous plants, all of which are vascular, in distinction from
the cryptogams, which to a large extent are cellular only. Vascular
plants (Bot.), plants composed in part of vascular tissue, as all
flowering plants and the higher cryptogamous plants, or those of the
class Pteridophyta. Cf. Cellular plants, Cellular.
 -- Vascular system (Bot.), the body of associated ducts and woody
fiber; the fibrovascular part of plants.
 -- Vascular tissue (Bot.), vegetable tissue composed partly of
ducts, or sap tubes.
 -- Water vascular system (Zoöl.), a system of vessels in annelids,
nemerteans, and many other invertebrates, containing a circulating
fluid analogous to blood, but not of the same composition. In
annelids the fluid which they contain is usually red, but in some it
is green, in others yellow, or whitish.

VASCULARITY
Vas`cu*lar"i*ty, n.; pl. Vascularities (. (Biol.)

Defn: The quality or state of being vascular.

VASCULOSE
Vas"cu*lose`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the substances of which vegetable tissue is composed,
differing from cellulose in its solubility in certain media.

VASCULUM
Vas"cu*lum, n.; pl. Vascula. Etym: [L., a small vessel.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Ascidium, n., 1.

2. A tin box, commonly cylindrical or flattened, used in collecting
plants.

VASE
Vase, n. Etym: [F. vase; cf. Sp. & It. vaso; fr. L. vas, vasum. Cf.
Vascular, Vessel.]

1. A vessel adapted for various domestic purposes, and anciently for
sacrificial used; especially, a vessel of antique or elegant pattern
used for ornament; as, a porcelain vase; a gold vase; a Grecian vase.
See Illust. of Portland vase, under Portland.
No chargers then were wrought in burnished gold, Nor silver vases
took the forming mold. Pope.

2. (Arch.)
(a) A vessel similar to that described in the first definition above,
or the representation of one in a solid block of stone, or the like,
used for an ornament, as on a terrace or in a garden. See Illust. of
Niche.
(b) The body, or naked ground, of the Corinthian and Composite
capital; -- called also tambour, and drum.

Note: Until the time of Walker (1791), vase was made to rhyme with
base,, case, etc., and it is still commonly so pronounced in the
United States. Walker made it to rhyme with phrase, maze, etc. Of
modern English practice, Mr. A. J. Ellis (1874) says: "Vase has four
pronunciations in English: vasz, which I most commonly say, is going
out of use väz I hear most frequently, vaz very rarely, and vas I
only know from Cull's marking. On the analogy of case, however, it
should be the regular sound."

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The calyx of a plant.

VASE CLOCK
Vase clock. (Art)

Defn: A clock whose decorative case has the general form of a vase,
esp. one in which there is no ordinary dial, but in which a part of a
vase revolves while a single stationary indicator serves as a hand.

VASECTOMY
Vas*ec"to*my (vas*ek"to*my), n.  [Vas + -ecmoty.] (Surg.)

Defn: Resection or excision of the vas deferens.

VASELINE
Vas"e*line, n. Etym: [Said by the manufacturer to be derived from G.
wasser water + Gr. 'e`laion olive oil.]

Defn: A yellowish translucent substance, almost odorless and
tasteless, obtained as a residue in the purification of crude
petroleum, and consisting essentially of a mixture of several of the
higher members of the paraffin series. It is used as an unguent, and
for various purposes in the arts. See the Note under Petrolatum.
[Written also vaselin.]

VASE-SHAPED
Vase"-shaped`, a.

Defn: Formed like a vase, or like a common flowerpot.

VASIFORM
Vas"i*form, a. Etym: [L. vas a vessel + -form.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having the form of a vessel, or duct. Vasiform tissue (Bot.),
tissue containing vessels, or ducts.

VASOCONSTRICTOR
Vas`o*con*strict"or, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Causing constriction of the blood vessels; as, the
vasoconstrictor nerves, stimulation of which causes constriction of
the blood vessels to which they go. These nerves are also called
vasohypertonic. n.

Defn: A substance which causes constriction of the blood vessels.
Such substances are used in medicine to raise blood pressure.

VASODENTINE
Vas`o*den"tine, n. Etym: [L. vas a vessel + E. dentine.] (Anat.)

Defn: A modified form of dentine, which is permeated by blood
capillaries; vascular dentine.

VASODILATOR
Vas`o*di*lat"or, a.Etym: [L. vas a vessel + dilator.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Causing dilation or relaxation of the blood vessels; as, the
vasodilator nerves, stimulation of which causes dilation of the blood
vessels to which they go. These nerves are also called vaso-
inhibitory, and vasohypotonic nerves, since their stimulation causes
relaxation and rest.

VASOFORMATIVE
Vas`o*form"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. vas a vessel + formative] (Physiol.)

Defn: Concerned in the development and formation of blood vessels and
blood corpuscles; as, the vasoformative cells.

VASO-INHIBITORY
Vas`o-in*hib"i*to*ry, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: See Vasodilator.

VASOMOTOR
Vas`o*mo"tor, a. Etym: [L. vas a vessel + motor that which moves fr.
movere to move.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Causing movement in the walls of vessels; as, the vasomotor
mechanisms; the vasomotor nerves, a system of nerves distributed over
the muscular coats of the blood vessels. Vasomotor center, the chief
dominating or general center which supplies all the unstriped muscles
of the arterial system with motor nerves, situated in a part of the
medulla oblongata; a center of reflex action by the working of which
afferent impulses are changed into efferent, -- vasomotor impulses
leading either to dilation or constriction of the blood vessels.

VASSAL
Vas"sal, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. vassallus, vassus; of Celtic origin;
cf. W. & Corn. gwas a youth, page, servant, Arm. gwaz a man, a male.
Cf. Valet, Varlet, Vavasor.]

1. (Feud. Law)

Defn: The grantee of a fief, feud, or fee; one who holds land of
superior, and who vows fidelity and homage to him; a feudatory; a
feudal tenant. Burrill.

2. A subject; a dependent; a servant; a slave. "The vassals of his
anger." Milton. Rear vassal, the vassal of a vassal; an arriere
vassal.

VASSAL
Vas"sal, a.

Defn: Resembling a vassal; slavish; servile.
The sun and every vassal star. Keble.

VASSAL
Vas"sal, v. t.

Defn: To treat as a vassal; to subject to control; to enslave. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.

VASSALAGE
Vas"sal*age, n. Etym: [OE. vassalage, F. vasselage, LL.
vassallaticum.]

1. The state of being a vassal, or feudatory.

2. Political servitude; dependence; subjection; slavery; as, the
Greeks were held in vassalage by the Turks.

3. A territory held in vassalage. "The Countship of Foix, with six
territorial vassalages." Milman.

4. Vassals, collectively; vassalry. [R.] Shak.

5. Valorous service, such as that performed by a vassal; valor;
prowess; courage. [Obs.] Chaucer.

VASSALESS
Vas"sal*ess, n.

Defn: A female vassal. [R.] Spenser.

VASSALRY
Vas"sal*ry, n.

Defn: The body of vassals. [R.]

VAST
Vast, a. [Compar. Vaster; superl. Vastest.] Etym: [L. vastus empty,
waste, enormous, immense: cf. F. vaste. See Waste, and cf.
Devastate.]

1. Waste; desert; desolate; lonely. [Obs.]
The empty, vast, and wandering air. Shak.

2. Of great extent; very spacious or large; also, huge in bulk;
immense; enormous; as, the vast ocean; vast mountains; the vast
empire of Russia.
Through the vast and boundless deep. Milton.

3. Very great in numbers, quantity, or amount; as, a vast army; a
vast sum of money.

4. Very great in importance; as, a subject of vast concern.

Syn.
 -- Enormous; huge; immense; mighty.

VAST
Vast, n.

Defn: A waste region; boundless space; immensity. "The watery vast."
Pope.
Michael bid sound The archangel trumpet. Through the vast of heaven
It sounded. Milton.

VASTATION
Vas*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. vastatio, fr. vastare to lay waste, fr.
vastus empty, waste.]

Defn: A laying waste; waste; depopulation; devastation. [Obs.] Bp.
Hall.

VASTEL
Vas"tel, n.

Defn: See Wastel. [Obs.] Fuller.

VASTIDITY
Vas*tid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. vastité, L. vastitas.]

Defn: Vastness; immensity. [Obs.] "All the world's vastidity." Shak.

VASTITUDE
Vas"ti*tude, n. Etym: [L. vastitudo.]

1. Vastness; immense extent. [R.]

2. Destruction; vastation. [Obs.] Joye.

VASTITY
Vast"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. vastitas.]

Defn: Vastness. [Obs.]
The huge vastity of the world. Holland.

VASTLY
Vast"ly, adv.

Defn: To a vast extent or degree; very greatly; immensely. Jer.
Taylor.

VASTNESS
Vast"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vast.

VASTY
Vas"ty, a. Etym: [From Vast.]

Defn: Vast; immense. [R.]
I can call spirits from the vasty deep. Shak.

VASUM
Va"sum, n. Etym: [L., a vase. See Vase.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus including several species of large marine gastropods
having massive pyriform shells, with conspicuous folds on the
columella.

VAT
Vat, n. Etym: [A dialectic form for fat, OE. fat, AS. fæt; akin to
D.vat, OS. fat, G. fass, OHG. faz, Icel. & Sw. fat, Dan.fad, Lith. p
a pot, and probably to G. fassen to seize, to contain, OHG. fazz, D.
vatten. Cf. Fat a vat.]

1. A large vessel, cistern, or tub, especially one used for holding
in an immature state, chemical preparations for dyeing, or for
tanning, or for tanning leather, or the like.
Let him produce his vase and tubs, in opposition to heaps of arms and
standards. Addison.

2. A measure for liquids, and also a dry measure; especially, a
liquid measure in Belgium and Holland, corresponding to the
hectoliter of the metric system, which contains 22.01 imperial
gallons, or 26.4 standard gallons in the United States.

Note: The old Dutch grain vat averaged 0.762 Winchester bushel. The
old London coal vat contained 9 bushels. The solid-measurement vat of
Amsterdam contains 40 cubic feet; the wine vat, 241.57 imperial
gallons, and the vat for olive oil, 225.45 imperial gallons.

3. (Metal.)
(a) A wooden tub for washing ores and mineral substances in.
(b) A square, hollow place on the back of a calcining furnace, where
tin ore is laid to dry.

4. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A vessel for holding holy water.

VAT
Vat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vatted; p. pr. & vb. n. Vatting.]

Defn: To put or transfer into a vat.

VATFUL
Vat"ful, n.; pl. Vatfuls (.

Defn: As much as a vat will hold; enough to fill a vat.

VATICAL
Vat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. vates a prophet.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a prophet; prophetical. Bp. Hall.

VATICAN
Vat"i*can, n. Etym: [L. Vaticanus, mons, or collis, Vaticanus, the
Vatican hill, in Rome, on the western bank of the Tiber: cf. F.
Vatican, It. Vaticano.]

Defn: A magnificent assemblage of buildings at Rome, near the church
of St. Peter, including the pope's palace, a museum, a library, a
famous chapel, etc.

Note: The word is often used to indicate the papal authority.
Thunders of the Vatican, the anathemas, or denunciations, of the
pope.

VATICAN COUNCIL
Vat"i*can Coun"cil. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The council held under Pope Pius IX. in Vatican at Rome, in
1870, which promulgated the dogma of papal infallibility.

VATICANISM
Vat"i*can*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of papal supremacy; extreme views in support of
the authority of the pope; ultramontanism; -- a term used only by
persons who are not Roman Catholics.

VATICANIST
Vat"i*can*ist, n.

Defn: One who strongly adheres to the papal authority; an
ultramontanist.

VATICIDE
Vat"i*cide, n. Etym: [L. vates a prophet + caedere to kill.]

Defn: The murder, or the murderer, of a prophet. "The caitiff
vaticide." Pope.

VATICINAL
Va*tic"i*nal, a. Etym: [See Vaticinate.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to prophecy; prophetic. T. Warton.

VATICINATE
Va*tic"i*nate, v. i. & t. Etym: [L. vaticinatus, p. p. of vaticinari
to prophesy, fr. vaticinus prophetical, fr. vates a prophet.]

Defn: To prophesy; to foretell; to practice prediction; to utter
prophecies.

VATICINATION
Va*tic`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. vaticinatio.]

Defn: Prediction; prophecy.
It is not a false utterance; it is a true, though an impetuous,
vaticination. I. Taylor.

VATICINATOR
Va*tic"i*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who vaticinates; a prophet.

VATICINE
Vat"i*cine, n. Etym: [L. vaticinium.]

Defn: A prediction; a vaticination. [Obs.] Holinshed.

VAUDEVILLE
Vaude"ville, n. Etym: [F., fr. Vau-de-vire, a village in Normandy,
where Olivier Basselin, at the end of the 14th century, composed such
songs.] [Written also vaudevil.]

1. A kind of song of a lively character, frequently embodying a
satire on some person or event, sung to a familiar air in couplets
with a refrain; a street song; a topical song.

2. A theatrical piece, usually a comedy, the dialogue of which is
intermingled with light or satirical songs, set to familiar airs.
The early vaudeville, which is the forerunner of the opera bouffe,
was light, graceful, and piquant. Johnson's Cyc.

VAUDOIS
Vau*dois, n. sing. & pl. [

1. An inhabitant, or the inhabitants, of the Swiss canton of Vaud.

2. A modern name of the Waldenses.

VAUDOUX
Vau*doux", n. & a.

Defn: See Voodoo.

VAULT
Vault, n. Etym: [OE. voute, OF. voute, volte, F. voûte, LL. volta,
for voluta, volutio, fr. L. volvere, volutum, to roll, to turn about.
See Voluble, and cf. Vault a leap, Volt a turn, Volute.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: An arched structure of masonry, forming a ceiling or canopy.
The long-drawn aisle and fretted vault. Gray.

2. An arched apartment; especially, a subterranean room, use for
storing articles, for a prison, for interment, or the like; a cell; a
cellar. "Charnel vaults." Milton.
The silent vaults of death. Sandys.
To banish rats that haunt our vault. Swift.

3. The canopy of heaven; the sky.
That heaven's vault should crack. Shak.

4. Etym: [F. volte, It. volta, originally, a turn, and the same word
as volta an arch. See the Etymology above.]

Defn: A leap or bound. Specifically: --
(a) (Man.) The bound or leap of a horse; a curvet.
(b) A leap by aid of the hands, or of a pole, springboard, or the
like.

Note: The l in this word was formerly often suppressed in
pronunciation. Barrel, Cradle, Cylindrical, or Wagon, vault (Arch.),
a kind of vault having two parallel abutments, and the same section
or profile at all points. It may be rampant, as over a staircase (see
Rampant vault, under Rampant), or curved in plan, as around the apse
of a church.
 -- Coved vault. (Arch.) See under 1st Cove, v. t.
 -- Groined vault (Arch.), a vault having groins, that is, one in
which different cylindrical surfaces intersect one another, as
distinguished from a barrel, or wagon, vault.
 -- Rampant vault. (Arch.) See under Rampant.
 -- Ribbed vault (Arch.), a vault differing from others in having
solid ribs which bear the weight of the vaulted surface. True Gothic
vaults are of this character.
 -- Vault light, a partly glazed plate inserted in a pavement or
ceiling to admit light to a vault below.

VAULT
Vault, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vaulted; p. pr. & vb. n. Vaulting.] Etym:
[OE. vouten, OF. volter, vouter, F. voûter. See Vault an arch.]

1. To form with a vault, or to cover with a vault; to give the shape
of an arch to; to arch; as, vault a roof; to vault a passage to a
court.
The shady arch that vaulted the broad green alley. Sir W. Scott.

2. Etym: [See Vault, v. i.]

Defn: To leap over; esp., to leap over by aid of the hands or a pole;
as, to vault a fence.
I will vault credit, and affect high pleasures. Webster (1623).

VAULT
Vault, v. i. Etym: [Cf. OF. volter, F. voltiger, It. volt turn. See
Vault, n., 4.]

1. To leap; to bound; to jump; to spring.
Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps itself. Shak.
Leaning on his lance, he vaulted on a tree. Dryden.
Lucan vaulted upon Pegasus with all the heat and intrepidity of
youth. Addison.

2. To exhibit feats of tumbling or leaping; to tumble.

VAULTAGE
Vault"age, n.

Defn: Vaulted work; also, a vaulted place; an arched cellar. [Obs.]
Shak.

VAULTED
Vault"ed, a.

1. Arched; concave; as, a vaulted roof.

2. Covered with an arch, or vault.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Arched like the roof of the mouth, as the upper lip of many
ringent flowers.

VAULTER
Vault"er, n.

Defn: One who vaults; a leaper; a tumbler. B. Jonson.

VAULTING
Vault"ing, n.

1. The act of constructing vaults; a vaulted construction.

2. Act of one who vaults or leaps.

VAULTY
Vault"y, a.

Defn: Arched; concave. [Obs.] "The vaulty heaven." Shak.

VAUNCE
Vaunce, v. i. Etym: [See Advance.]

Defn: To advance. [Obs.] Spenser.

VAUNT
Vaunt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Vaunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Vaunting.] Etym:
[F. vanter, LL. vanitare, fr. L. vanus vain. See Vain.]

Defn: To boast; to make a vain display of one's own worth,
attainments, decorations, or the like; to talk ostentatiously; to
brag.
Pride, which prompts a man to vaunt and overvalue what he is, does
incline him to disvalue what he has. Gov. of Tongue.

VAUNT
Vaunt, v. t.

Defn: To boast of; to make a vain display of; to display with
ostentation.
Charity vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up. 1 Cor. xiii. 4.
My vanquisher, spoiled of his vaunted spoil. Milton.

VAUNT
Vaunt, n.

Defn: A vain display of what one is, or has, or has done; ostentation
from vanity; a boast; a brag.
The spirits beneath, whom I seduced With other promises and other
vaunts. Milton.

VAUNT
Vaunt, n. Etym: [F. avant before, fore. See Avant, Vanguard.]

Defn: The first part. [Obs.] Shak.

VAUNT
Vaunt, v. t. Etym: [See Avant, Advance.]

Defn: To put forward; to display. [Obs.] "Vaunted spear." Spenser.
And what so else his person most may vaunt. Spenser.

VAUNT-COURIER
Vaunt"-cou`ri*er, n.

Defn: See Van-courier. [Obs.] Shak.

VAUNTER
Vaunt"er, n.

Defn: One who vaunts; a boaster.

VAUNTFUL
Vaunt"ful, a.

Defn: Given to vaunting or boasting; vainly ostentatious; boastful;
vainglorious.

VAUNTINGLY
Vaunt"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a vaunting manner.

VAUNTMURE
Vaunt"mure`, n. Etym: [F. avant-mur. See Vanguard, and Mure.] (Fort.)

Defn: A false wall; a work raised in front of the main wall. [Written
also vaimure, and vamure.] Camden.

VAUQUELINITE
Vauque"lin*ite, n. Etym: [So called after the French chemist
Vauquelin, who died in 1829: cf. F. vauquelinite.] (Min.)

Defn: Chromate of copper and lead, of various shades of green.

VAUT
Vaut, v. i.

Defn: To vault; to leap. [Obs.] Spenser.

VAUT
Vaut, n.

Defn: A vault; a leap. [Obs.] Spenser.

VAUTY
Vaut"y, a.

Defn: Vaulted. "The haughty vauty welkin." [Obs.] Taylor (1611).

VAVASOR
Vav"a*sor, n. Etym: [OE. vavasour, OF. vavassor, vavassour, F.
vavasseur, LL. vavassor, probably contr. from vassus vassorum vassal
of the vassals. See Vassal.] (Feud. Law)

Defn: The vassal or tenant of a baron; one who held under a baron,
and who also had tenants under him; one in dignity next to a baron; a
title of dignity next to a baron. Burrill. "A worthy vavasour."
Chaucer. [Also written vavasour, vavassor, valvasor, etc.]
Vavasours subdivide again to vassals, exchanging land and cattle,
human or otherwise, against fealty. Motley.

VAVASORY
Vav"a*so*ry, n. Etym: [F. vavassorie.] (Feud. Law)

Defn: The quality or tenure of the fee held by a vavasor; also, the
lands held by a vavasor.

VAWARD
Va"ward`, n. Etym: [For vanward, equivalent to vanguard. See
Vanguard, Ward guard.]

Defn: The fore part; van. [Obs.]
Since we have the vaward of the day. Shak.

VAZA PARROT
Va"za par`rot. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of parrots of the genus Coracopsis,
native of Madagascar; -- called also vasa parrot.

VEADAR
Ve"a*dar, n.

Defn: The thirteenth, or intercalary, month of the Jewish
ecclesiastical calendar, which is added about every third year.

VEAL
Veal, n.Etym: [OE. veel, OF. veel, F. veau, L. vitellus, dim. of
vitulus a calf; akin to E. wether. See Wether, and cf. Vellum,
Vituline.]

Defn: The flesh of a calf when killed and used for food.

VECTION
Vec"tion, n. Etym: [L. vectio, from vehere, vectum, to carry.]

Defn: Vectitation. [Obs.]

VECTITATION
Vec`ti*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. vectitatus bornve, v. intens. fr.
vehere, vectum, to carry.]

Defn: The act of carrying, or state of being carried. [Obs.]

VECTOR
Vec"tor, n. Etym: [L., a bearer, carrier. fr. vehere, vectum, to
carry.]

1. Same as Radius vector.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A directed quantity, as a straight line, a force, or a
velocity. Vectors are said to be equal when their directions are the
same their magnitudes equal. Cf. Scalar.

Note: In a triangle, either side is the vector sum of the other two
sides taken in proper order; the process finding the vector sum of
two or more vectors is vector addition (see under Addition).

VECTURE
Vec"ture, n. Etym: [L. vectura, from vehere, vectum, to carry. Cf.
Vettura, Voiture.]

Defn: The act of carrying; conveyance; carriage. [Obs.] Bacon.

VEDA
Ve"da, n. Etym: [Skr. v, properly, knowledge, from vid to know. See
Wit.]

Defn: The ancient sacred literature of the Hindoos; also, one of the
four collections, called Rig-Veda, Yajur-Veda, Sama-Veda, and
Atharva-Veda, constituting the most ancient portions of that
literature.

Note: The language of the Vedas is usually called Vedic Sanskrit, as
distinguished from the later and more settled form called classical
Sanskrit.

VEDANTA
Ve*dan"ta, n. Etym: [Skr. V.]

Defn: A system of philosophy among the Hindoos, founded on scattered
texts of the Vedas, and thence termed the "Anta," or end or
substance. Balfour (Cyc. of India.)

VEDANTIC
Ve*dan"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Vedas.

VEDANTIST
Ve*dan"tist, n.

Defn: One versed in the doctrines of the Vedantas.

VEDETTE
Ve*dette", n. Etym: [F. vedette, It. vedetta, for veletta (influenced
by vedere to see, L. videre), from It. veglia watch, L. vigilia. See
Vigil.]

Defn: A sentinel, usually on horseback, stationed on the outpost of
an army, to watch an enemy and give notice of danger; a vidette.

VEDRO
Ve"dro, n. Etym: [Russ.]

Defn: A Russian liquid measure, equal to 3.249 gallons of U.S.
standard measure, or 2.706 imperial gallons. McElrath.

VEER
Veer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Veered; p. pr. & vb. n. Veering.] Etym: [F.
virer (cf. Sp. virar, birar), LL. virare; perhaps fr. L. vibrare to
brandish, vibrate (cf. Vibrate); or cf. L. viriae armlets, bracelets,
viriola a little bracelet (cf. Ferrule). Cf. Environ.]

Defn: To change direction; to turn; to shift; as, wind veers to the
west or north. "His veering gait." Wordsworth.
And as he leads, the following navy veers. Dryden.
an ordinary community which is hostile or friendly as passion or as
interest may veer about. Burke.
To veer and haul (Naut.), to vary the course or direction; -- said of
the wind, which veers aft and hauls forward. The wind is also said to
veer when it shifts with the sun.

VEER
Veer, v. t.

Defn: To direct to a different course; to turn; to wear; as, to veer,
or wear, a vessel. To veer and haul (Naut.), to pull tight and
slacken alternately. Totten.
 -- To veer away or out (Naut.), to let out; to slacken and let run;
to pay out; as, to veer away the cable; to veer out a rope.

VEERING
Veer"ing, a.

Defn: Shifting.
 -- Veer"ing*ly, adv.

VEERY
Veer"y, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American thrush (Turdus fuscescens) common in the Northern
United States and Canada. It is light tawny brown above. The breast
is pale buff, thickly spotted with brown. Called also Wilson's
thrush.
Sometimes I hear the veery's clarion. Thoreau.

VEGA
Ve"ga, n. (Astron.) Etym: [Ar. w, properly, falling: cf. F. Wéga.]

Defn: A brilliant star of the first magnitude, the brightest of those
constituting the constellation Lyra.

VEGETABILITY
Veg`e*ta*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vegetable. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

VEGETABLE
Veg`e*ta*ble, a. Etym: [F. végétable growing, capable of growing,
formerly also, as a noun, a vegetable, from L. vegetabilis
enlivening, from vegetare to enliven, invigorate, quicken, vegetus
enlivened, vigorous, active, vegere to quicken, arouse, to be lively,
akin to vigere to be lively, to thrive, vigil watchful, awake, and
probably to E. wake, v. See Vigil, Wake, v.]

1. Of or pertaining to plants; having the nature of, or produced by,
plants; as, a vegetable nature; vegetable growths, juices, etc.
Blooming ambrosial fruit Of vegetable gold. Milton.

2. Consisting of, or comprising, plants; as, the vegetable kingdom.
Vegetable alkali (Chem.), an alkaloid.
 -- Vegetable brimstone. (Bot.) See Vegetable sulphur, below.
 -- Vegetable butter (Bot.), a name of several kinds of concrete
vegetable oil; as that produced by the Indian butter tree, the
African shea tree, and the Pentadesma butyracea, a tree of the order
Guttiferæ, also African. Still another kind is pressed from the seeds
of cocoa (Theobroma).
 -- Vegetable flannel, a textile material, manufactured in Germany
from pine-needle wool, a down or fiber obtained from the leaves of
the Pinus sylvestris.
 -- Vegetable ivory. See Ivory nut, under Ivory.
 -- Vegetable jelly. See Pectin.
 -- Vegetable kingdom. (Nat. Hist.) See the last Phrase, below. --

Vegetable leather. (a) (Bot.) A shrubby West Indian spurge (Euphorbia
punicea), with leathery foliage and crimson bracts. (b) See Vegetable
leather, under Leather.
 -- Vegetable marrow (Bot.), an egg-shaped gourd, commonly eight to
ten inches long. It is noted for the very tender quality of its
flesh, and is a favorite culinary vegetable in England. It has been
said to be of Persian origin, but is now thought to have been derived
from a form of the American pumpkin.
 -- Vegetable oyster (Bot.), the oyster plant. See under Oyster.
 -- Vegetable parchment, papyrine.
 -- Vegetable sheep (Bot.), a white woolly plant (Raoulia eximia) of
New Zealand, which grows in the form of large fleecy cushions on the
mountains.
 -- Vegetable silk, a cottonlike, fibrous material obtained from the
coating of the seeds of a Brazilian tree (Chorisia speciosa). It us
used for various purposes, as for stuffing, and the like, but is
incapable of being spun on account of a want of cohesion among the
fibers.
 -- Vegetable sponge. See 1st Loof.
 -- Vegetable sulphur, the fine highly inflammable spores of the club
moss (Lycopodium clavatum); witch.
 -- Vegetable tallow, a substance resembling tallow, obtained from
various plants; as, Chinese vegetable tallow, obtained from the seeds
of the tallow tree. Indian vegetable tallow is a name sometimes given
to piney tallow.
 -- Vegetable wax, a waxy excretion on the leaves or fruits of
certain plants, as the bayberry. Vegetable kingdom (Nat. Hist.), that
primary division of living things which includes all plants. The
classes of the vegetable kingdom have been grouped differently by
various botanists. The following is one of the best of the many
arrangements of the principal subdivisions. I. Phænogamia (called
also Phanerogamia).

Defn: Plants having distinct flowers and true seeds. { 1.
Dicotyledons (called also Exogens).
 -- Seeds with two or more cotyledons. Stems with the pith, woody
fiber, and bark concentrically arranged. Divided into two subclasses:
Angiosperms, having the woody fiber interspersed with dotted or
annular ducts, and the seed contained in a true ovary; Gymnosperms,
having few or no ducts in the woody fiber, and the seeds naked. 2.
Monocotyledons (called also Endogens).
 -- Seeds with single cotyledon. Stems with slender bundles of woody
fiber not concentrically arranged, and with no true bark.} II.
Cryptogamia.

Defn: Plants without true flowers, and reproduced by minute spores of
various kinds, or by simple cell division. { 1. Acrogens.
 -- Plants usually with distinct stems and leaves, existing in two
alternate conditions, one of which is nonsexual and sporophoric, the
other sexual and oöphoric. Divided into Vascular Acrogens, or
Pteridophyta, having the sporophoric plant conspicuous and consisting
partly of vascular tissue, as in Ferns, Lycopods, and Equiseta, and
Cellular Acrogens, or Bryophyta, having the sexual plant most
conspicuous, but destitute of vascular tissue, as in Mosses and Scale
Mosses. 2. Thallogens.
 -- Plants without distinct stem and leaves, consisting of a simple
or branched mass of cellular tissue, or educed to a single cell.
Reproduction effected variously. Divided into Algæ, which contain
chlorophyll or its equivalent, and which live upon air and water, and
Fungi, which contain no chlorophyll, and live on organic matter.
(Lichens are now believed to be fungi parasitic on included algæ.}

Note: Many botanists divide the Phænogamia primarily into Gymnosperms
and Angiosperms, and the latter into Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons.
Others consider Pteridophyta and Bryophyta to be separate classes.
Thallogens are variously divided by different writers, and the places
for diatoms, slime molds, and stoneworts are altogether uncertain.
For definitions, see these names in the Vocabulary.

VEGETAL
Veg"e*tal, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A vegetable. [R.] B. Jonson.

VEGETALITY
Veg`e*tal"i*ty, n.

1. The quality or state of being vegetal, or vegetable. [R.]

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The quality or state of being vegetal, or exhibiting those
physiological phenomena which are common to plants and animals. See
Vegetal, a., 2.

VEGETARIAN
Veg`e*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who holds that vegetables and fruits are the only proper
food for man. Strict vegetarians eat no meat, eggs, or milk.

VEGETARIAN
Veg`e*ta"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to vegetarianism; as, a vegetarian diet.

VEGETARIANISM
Veg`e*ta"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The theory or practice of living upon vegetables and fruits.

VEGETATE
Veg"e*tate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Vegetated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vegetating.] Etym: [L. vegetatus, p. p. of vegetare to enliven. See
Vegetable.]

1. To grow, as plants, by nutriment imbibed by means of roots and
leaves; to start into growth; to sprout; to germinate.
See dying vegetables life sustain, See life dissolving vegetate
again. Pope.

2. Fig.: To lead a live too low for an animate creature; to do
nothing but eat and grow. Cowper.
Persons who . . . would have vegetated stupidly in the places where
fortune had fixed them. Jeffrey.

3. (Med.)

Defn: To grow exuberantly; to produce fleshy or warty outgrowths; as,
a vegetating papule.

VEGETATION
Veg`e*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. végétation, L. vegetatio an
enlivening. See Vegetable.]

1. The act or process of vegetating, or growing as a plant does;
vegetable growth.

2. The sum of vegetable life; vegetables or plants in general; as,
luxuriant vegetation.

3. (Med.)

Defn: An exuberant morbid outgrowth upon any part, especially upon
the valves of the heart. Vegetation of salts (Old Chem.), a
crystalline growth of an arborescent form.

VEGETATIVE
Veg"e*ta*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. végétatif.]

1. Growing, or having the power of growing, as plants; capable of
vegetating.

2. Having the power to produce growth in plants; as, the vegetative
properties of soil.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: Having relation to growth or nutrition; partaking of simple
growth and enlargement of the systems of nutrition, apart from the
sensorial or distinctively animal functions; vegetal.
 -- Veg"e*ta*tive*ly, adv.
 -- Veg"e*ta*tive*ness, n.

VEGETE
Ve*gete", a. Etym: [L. vegetus. See Vegetable.]

Defn: Lively; active; sprightly; vigorous. [Obs.]
Even her body was made airy and vegete. Jer. Taylor.

VEGETISM
Veg"e*tism, n.

Defn: Vegetal state or characteristic.

VEGETIVE
Veg"e*tive, a. Etym: [See Vegetate, and Vegetative.]

Defn: Having the nature of a plant; vegetable; as, vegetive life.
[R.] Tusser.

VEGETIVE
Veg"e*tive, n.

Defn: A vegetable. [Obs.]
The blest infusions That dwell in vegetives, in metals, stones. Shak.

VEGETO-ANIMAL
Veg"e*to-an"i*mal, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Partaking of the nature both of vegetable and animal matter; --
a term sometimes applied to vegetable albumen and gluten, from their
resemblance to similar animal products.

VEGETOUS
Veg"e*tous, a. Etym: [L. vegetus. See Vegete.]

Defn: Vigorous; lively; active; vegete. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

VEHEMENCE
Ve"he*mence, n. Etym: [L. vehementia: cf. F. véhémence.]

1. The quality pr state of being vehement; impetuous force;
impetuosity; violence; fury; as, the vehemence.

2. Violent ardor; great heat; animated fervor; as, the vehemence of
love, anger, or other passions.
I . . . tremble at his vehemence of temper. Addison.

VEHEMENCY
Ve"he*men*cy, n.

Defn: Vehemence. [R.]
The vehemency of your affection. Shak.

VEHEMENT
Ve"he*ment, a. Etym: [L. vehemens, the first part of which is perhaps
akin to vehere to carry, and the second mens mind: cf. F. véhément.
Cf. Vehicle, and Mental.]

1. Acting with great force; furious; violent; impetuous; forcible;
mighty; as, vehement wind; a vehement torrent; a vehement fire or
heat.

2. Very ardent; very eager or urgent; very fervent; passionate; as, a
vehement affection or passion. "Vehement instigation." Shak.
"Vehement desire." Milton.

Syn.
 -- Furious; violent; raging; impetuous; passionate; ardent; eager;
hot; fervid; burning.

VEHEMENTLY
Ve"he*ment*ly, adv.

Defn: In a vehement manner.

VEHICLE
Ve"hi*cle, n. Etym: [L. vehiculum, fr. vehere to carry; akin to E.
way, wain. See Way, n., and cf. Convex, Inveigh, Veil, Vex.]

1. That in or on which any person or thing is, or may be, carried, as
a coach, carriage, wagon, cart, car, sleigh, bicycle, etc.; a means
of conveyance; specifically, a means of conveyance upon land.

2. That which is used as the instrument of conveyance or
communication; as, matter is the vehicle of energy.
A simple style forms the best vehicle of thought to a popular
assembly. Wirt.

3. (Pharm.)

Defn: A substance in which medicine is taken.

4. (Paint.)

Defn: Any liquid with which a pigment is applied, including whatever
gum, wax, or glutinous or adhesive substance is combined with it.

Note: Water is used in fresco and in water-color painting, the colors
being consolidated with gum arabic; size is used in distemper
painting. In oil painting, the fixed oils of linseed, nut, and poppy,
are used; in encaustic, wax is the vehicle. Fairholt.

VEHICLED
Ve"hi*cled, a.

Defn: Conveyed in a vehicle; furnished with a vehicle. M. Green.

VEHICULAR
Ve*hic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. vehicularis: cf. F. véhiculaire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a vehicle; serving as a vehicle; as, a
vehicular contrivance.

VEHICULARY
Ve*hic"u*la*ry, a.

Defn: Vehicular.

VEHICULATE
Ve*hic"u*late, v. t. & i.

Defn: To convey by means of a vehicle; to ride in a vehicle. Carlyle.

VEHICULATION
Ve*hic`u*la"tion, n.

Defn: Movement of vehicles.

VEHICULATORY
Ve*hic"u*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Vehicular. Carlyle.

VEHM; VEHME
Vehm, Vehme, n.; pl. Vehme (#). [See Vehmgericht.]

Defn: A vehmic court.

VEHMGERICHT
Vehm"ge*richt, n.; pl. Vehmgerichte (#). [G. vefm, fehm criminal
tribunal + gerichte court, judgment. Cf. Vehmic.]

Defn: A vehmic court.

VEHMIC
Veh"mic, a. Etym: [G. vehm, fehm, fehme, a secret tribunal of
punishment, MHG. veime, veme: cf. F. vehmique.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, certain secret tribunals
flourished in Germany from the end of the 12th century to the middle
of the 16th, usurping many of the functions of the government which
were too weak to maintain law and order, and inspiring dread in all
who came within their jurisdiction. Encyc. Brit.

VEIL
Veil, n. Etym: [OE. veile, OF. veile, F. voile, L. velum a sail,
covering, curtain, veil, probably fr. vehere to bear, carry, and thus
originally, that which bears the ship on. See Vehicle, and cf.
Reveal.] [Written also vail.]

1. Something hung up, or spread out, to intercept the view, and hide
an object; a cover; a curtain; esp., a screen, usually of gauze,
crape, or similar diaphnous material, to hide or protect the face.
The veil of the temple was rent in twain. Matt. xxvii. 51.
She, as a veil down to the slender waist, Her unadornéd golden
tresses wore. Milton.

2. A cover; disguise; a mask; a pretense.
[I will] pluck the borrowed veil of modesty from the so seeming
Mistress Page. Shak.

3. (Bot.)
(a) The calyptra of mosses.
(b) A membrane connecting the margin of the pileus of a mushroom with
the stalk; -- called also velum.

4. (Eccl.)

Defn: A covering for a person or thing; as, a nun's veil; a paten
veil; an altar veil.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Velum, 3. To take the veil (Eccl.), to receive or be
covered with, a veil, as a nun, in token of retirement from the
world; to become a nun.

VEIL
Veil, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Veiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Veiling.] Etym:
[Cf. OF. veler, F. voiler, L. velarc. See Veil, n.] [Written also
vail.]

1. To throw a veil over; to cover with a veil.
Her face was veiled; yet to my fancied sight, Love, sweetness,
goodness, in her person shined. Milton.

2. Fig.: To invest; to cover; to hide; to conceal.
To keep your great pretenses veiled. Shak.

VEILED
Veiled, a.

Defn: Covered by, or as by, a veil; hidden. "Words used to convey a
veiled meaning." Earle.

VEILED PLATE
Veiled plate. (Photog.)

Defn: A fogged plate.

VEILING
Veil"ing, n.

Defn: A veil; a thin covering; also, material for making veils.

VEILLESS
Veil"less, a.

Defn: Having no veil. Tennyson.

VEIN
Vein, n. Etym: [OE. veine, F. veine, L. vena.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the vessels which carry blood, either venous or
arterial, to the heart. See Artery, 2.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the similar branches of the framework of a leaf.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the ribs or nervures of the wings of insects. See
Venation.

4. (Geol. or Mining)

Defn: A narrow mass of rock intersecting other rocks, and filling
inclined or vertical fissures not corresponding with the
stratification; a lode; a dike; -- often limited, in the language of
miners, to a mineral vein or lode, that is, to a vein which contains
useful minerals or ores.

5. A fissure, cleft, or cavity, as in the earth or other substance.
"Down to the veins of earth." Milton.
Let the glass of the prisms be free from veins. Sir I. Newton.

6. A streak or wave of different color, appearing in wood, and in
marble and other stones; variegation.

7. A train of association, thoughts, emotions, or the like; a
current; a course.
He can open a vein of true and noble thinking. Swift.

8. Peculiar temper or temperament; tendency or turn of mind; a
particular disposition or cast of genius; humor; strain; quality;
also, manner of speech or action; as, a rich vein of humor; a
satirical vein. Shak.
Certain discoursing wits which are of the same veins. Bacon.
Invoke the Muses, and improve my vein. Waller.

VEIN
Vein, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Veined; p. pr. & vb. n. Veining.]

Defn: To form or mark with veins; to fill or cover with veins.
Tennyson.

VEINAL
Vein"al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to veins; venous. [R.]

VEINED
Veined, a.

1. Full of veins; streaked; variegated; as, veined marble. "Veined
follies." Ford.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having fibrovascular threads extending throughout the lamina;
as, a veined leaf.

VEINLESS
Vein"less, a.

Defn: Having no veins; as, a veinless leaf.

VEINLET
Vein"let, n.

Defn: A small vein.

VEINOUS
Vein"ous, a.

Defn: Marked with veins; veined; veiny.
The excellent old gentleman's nails are long and leaden, and his
hands lean and veinous. Dickens.

VEIN QUARTZ
Vein quartz.

Defn: Quartz occurring as gangue in a vein.

VEINSTONE
Vein"stone`, n.

Defn: The nonmetalliferous mineral or rock material which accompanies
the ores in a vein, as quartz, calcite, barite, fluor spar, etc.; --
called also veinstuff.

VEINY
Vein"y, a. Etym: [From Vein: cf. F. veiné.]

Defn: Full of veins; veinous; veined; as, veiny marble.

VELAR
Ve"lar, a. Etym: [See Velum.]

1. Of or pertaining to a velum; esp. (Anat.) of or pertaining to the
soft palate.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: Having the place of articulation on the soft palate; guttural;
as, the velar consonants, such as k and hard q.

VELARIUM
Ve*la"ri*um, n.; pl. Velaria. Etym: [L., a covering.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The marginal membrane of certain medusæ belonging to the
Discophora.

VELATE
Ve"late, a. Etym: [L. velatus, p. p. of velare to veil. See Veil.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having a veil; veiled.

VELDT
Veldt, n. [D. veld. Cf. Field, n.]

Defn: A region or tract of land; esp., the open field; grass country.
[South Africa]

VELDT SORE
Veldt sore. (Med.)

Defn: An infective sore mostly on the hands and feet, often
contracted in walking on the veldt and apparently due to a specific
microörganism.

VELE
Vele, n.

Defn: A veil. [Obs.] Spenser.

VELELLA
Ve*lel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. from L. velum a veil, a sail.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of oceanic Siphonophora belonging to the genus
Velella.

Note: These creatures are brilliantly colored and float at the
surface of the sea. They have an oblong, disklike body, supported by
a thin chitinous plate, from which rises a thin diagonal crest which
acts as a sail. The feeding and reproductive zooids hang down from
the under side of the disk.

VELIFEROUS
Ve*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. velifer; velum a sail + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Carrying or bearing sails. [Obs.] "Veliferous chariots."
Evelyn.

VELIGER
Vel"i*ger, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. velum a veil + gerere bear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any larval gastropod or bivalve mollusk in the state when it is
furnished with one or two ciliated membranes for swimming.

VELITATION
Vel`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. velitatio, fr. velitari, velitatus, to
skirmish, from veles, -itis, a light-armed soldier.]

Defn: A dispute or contest; a slight contest; a skirmish. [R.] Sir M.
Hale.
After a short velitation we parted. Evelyn.

VELIVOLANT
Ve*liv"o*lant, a. Etym: [L. velivolans; velum a sail + volare to
fly.]

Defn: Flying with sails; passing under full sail. [R.]

VELL
Vell, n. Etym: [Cf. L. vellus the skin of a sheep with the wool on
it, a fleece, a hide or pelt, or E. fell a hide.]

Defn: The salted stomach of a calf, used in making cheese; a rennet
bag. [Prov. Eng.]

VELL
Vell, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Vell, n.]

Defn: To cut the turf from, as for burning. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

VELLEITY
Vel*le"i*ty, n. Etym: [F. velléité (cf. It. velleità), fr. L. velle
to will, to be willing.]

Defn: The lowest degree of desire; imperfect or incomplete volition.
Locke.

VELLET
Vel"let, n.

Defn: Velvet. [Obs.] Spenser.

VELLICATE
Vel"li*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vellicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vellicating.] Etym: [L. vellicatus, p. p. of vellicare to twitch, fr.
vellere to pluck, pull.]

Defn: To twitch; to cause to twitch convulsively.
Convulsions, arising from something vellicating a nerve in its
extremity, are not very dangerous. Arbuthnot.

VELLICATE
Vel"li*cate, v. i.

Defn: To move spasmodically; to twitch; as, a nerve vellicates.

VELLICATION
Vel`li*ca"tion, Etym: [L. vellicatio.]

1. The act of twitching, or of causing to twitch.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A local twitching, or convulsive motion, of a muscular fiber,
especially of the face.

VELLICATIVE
Vel"li*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Having the power of vellicating, plucking, or twitching;
causing vellication.

VELLON
Vel*lon", n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A word occurring in the phrase real vellon. See the Note under
Its Real.

VELLUM
Vel"lum, n. Etym: [OE. velim, F. vélin, fr. L. vitulinus of a calf,
fr. vitulus a calf. See Veal.]

Defn: A fine kind of parchment, usually made from calfskin, and
rendered clear and white, -- used as for writing upon, and for
binding books. Vellum cloth, a fine kind of cotton fabric, made very
transparent, and used as a tracing cloth.

VELLUMY
Vel"lum*y, a.

Defn: Resembling vellum.

VELOCIMETER
Vel`o*cim"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. velox, -ocis, rapid + -meter.]

Defn: An apparatus for measuring speed, as of machinery or vessels,
but especially of projectiles.

VELOCIPEDE
Ve*loc"i*pede, n. Etym: [L. velox, -ocis, swift + pes, pedis, a foot.
See Velocity, and Foot.]

Defn: A light road carriage propelled by the feet of the rider.
Originally it was propelled by striking the tips of the toes on the
roadway, but commonly now by the action of the feet on a pedal or
pedals connected with the axle of one or more of the wheels, and
causing their revolution. They are made in many forms, with two,
three, or four wheels. See Bicycle, and Tricycle.

VELOCIPEDIST
Ve*loc"i*pe`dist, n.

Defn: One who rides on a velocipede.

VELOCITY
Ve*loc"i*ty, n.; pl. Velocities. Etym: [L. velocitas, from velox, -
ocis, swift, quick; perhaps akin to v to fly (see Volatile): cf. F.
vélocité.]

1. Quickness of motion; swiftness; speed; celerity; rapidity; as, the
velocity of wind; the velocity of a planet or comet in its orbit or
course; the velocity of a cannon ball; the velocity of light.

Note: In such phrases, velocity is more generally used than celerity.
We apply celerity to animals; as, a horse or an ostrich runs with
celerity; but bodies moving in the air or in ethereal space move with
greater or less velocity, not celerity. This usage is arbitrary, and
perhaps not universal.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: Rate of motion; the relation of motion to time, measured by the
number of units of space passed over by a moving body or point in a
unit of time, usually the number of feet passed over in a second. See
the Note under Speed. Angular velocity. See under Angular.
 -- Initial velocity, the velocity of a moving body at starting;
especially, the velocity of a projectile as it leaves the mouth of a
firearm from which it is discharged.
 -- Relative velocity, the velocity with which a body approaches or
recedes from another body, whether both are moving or only one.
 -- Uniform velocity, velocity in which the same number of units of
space are described in each successive unit of time.
 -- Variable velocity, velocity in which the space described varies
from instant, either increasing or decreasing; -- in the former case
called accelerated velocity, in the latter, retarded velocity; the
acceleration or retardation itself being also either uniform or
variable.
 -- Virtual velocity. See under Virtual.

Note: In variable velocity, the velocity, strictly, at any given
instant, is the rate of motion at that instant, and is expressed by
the units of space, which, if the velocity at that instant were
continued uniform during a unit of time, would be described in the
unit of time; thus, the velocity of a falling body at a given instant
is the number of feet which, if the motion which the body has at that
instant were continued uniformly for one second, it would pass
through in the second. The scientific sense of velocity differs from
the popular sense in being applied to all rates of motion, however
slow, while the latter implies more or less rapidity or quickness of
motion.

Syn.
 -- Swiftness; celerity; rapidity; fleetness; speed.

VELOURS
Ve*lours", n. Etym: [F. See Velure.]

Defn: One of many textile fabrics having a pile like that of velvet.

VELOUTE; SAUCE VELOUTE
Ve*lou`té", n., or Sauce velouté. [F. velouté, lit., velvety.]
(Cookery)

Defn: A white sauce or stock made by boiling down ham, veal, beef,
fowl, bouillon, etc., then adding soup stock, seasoning, vegetables,
and thickening, and again boiling and straining.

VELTFARE
Velt"fare, n. Etym: [See Fieldfare.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fieldfare. [Prov. Eng.]

VELUM
Ve"lum, n.; pl. Vela. Etym: [L., an awning, a veil. See Veil.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Curtain or covering; -- applied to various membranous
partitions, especially to the soft palate. See under Palate.

2. (Bot.)
(a) See Veil, n., 3 (b).
(b) A thin membrane surrounding the sporocarps of quillworts
Isoetes).

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A veil-like organ or part. Especially:
(a) The circular membrane that partially incloses the space beneath
the umbrella of hydroid medusæ.
(b) A delicate funnel-like membrane around the flagellum of certain
Infusoria. See Illust. a of Protozoa.

VELURE
Vel"ure, n. Etym: [F. velours, OF. velous, from L. villosus hairy.
See Velvet.]

Defn: Velvet. [Obs.] "A woman's crupper of velure." Shak.

VELUTINA
Vel`u*ti"na, n. Etym: [NL. See Velvet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of marine gastropods belonging to
Velutina and allied genera.

VELUTINOUS
Ve*lu"ti*nous, a. Etym: [It. velluto velvet. See Velvet.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the surface covered with a fine and dense silky
pubescence; velvety; as, a velutinous leaf.

VELVERD
Vel"verd, n.

Defn: The veltfare. [Prov. Eng.]

VELVERET
Vel`ver*et", n.

Defn: A kind of velvet having cotton back.

VELVET
Vel"vet, n. Etym: [OE. velouette, veluet, velwet; cf. OF. velluau,
LL. velluetum, vellutum, It. velluto, Sp. velludo; all fr. (assumed)
LL. villutus shaggy, fr L. villus shaggy hair; akin to vellus a
fleece, and E. wool. See Wool, and cf. Villous.]

1. A silk fabric, having a short, close nap of erect threads.
Inferior qualities are made with a silk pile on a cotton or linen
back.

2. The soft and highly vascular deciduous skin which envelops and
nourishes the antlers of deer during their rapid growth. Cotton
velvet, an imitation of velvet, made of cotton.
 -- Velvet cork, the best kind of cork bark, supple, elastic, and not
woody or porous.
 -- Velvet crab a European crab (Portunus puber). When adult the
black carapace is covered with a velvety pile. Called also lady crab,
and velvet fiddler.
 -- Velvet dock (Bot.), the common mullein.
 -- Velvet duck. (Zoöl.) (a) A large European sea duck, or scoter
(Oidemia fusca). The adult male is glossy, velvety black, with a
white speculum on each wing, and a white patch behind each eye. (b)
The American whitewinged scoter. See Scoter.
 -- Velvet flower (Bot.), love-lies-bleeding. See under Love.
 -- Velvet grass (Bot.), a tall grass (Holcus lanatus) with velvety
stem and leaves; -- called also soft grass.
 -- Velvet runner (Zoöl.), the water rail; -- so called from its
quiet, stealthy manner of running. [Prov. Eng.] -- Velvet scoter.
(Zoöl.) Same as Velvet duck, above.
 -- Velvet sponge. (Zoöl.) See under Sponge.

VELVET
Vel"vet, a.

Defn: Made of velvet; soft and delicate, like velvet; velvety. " The
cowslip's velvet head." Milton.

VELVET
Vel"vet, v. i.

Defn: To pain velvet. [R.] Peacham.

VELVET
Vel"vet, v. t.

Defn: To make like, or cover with, velvet. [R.]

VELVETBREAST
Vel"vet*breast`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The goosander. [Local, U. S.]

VELVETEEN
Vel`vet*een", n. Etym: [Cf. F. velvetine. See Velvet.]

Defn: A kind of cloth, usually cotton, made in imitation of velvet;
cotton velvet.

VELVETING
Vel"vet*ing, n.

Defn: The fine shag or nap of velvet; a piece of velvet; velvet
goods.

VELVETLEAF
Vel"vet*leaf`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several plants which have soft, velvety leaves,
as the Abutilon Avicennæ, the Cissampelos Pareira, and the Lavatera
arborea, and even the common mullein.

VELVETY
Vel"vet*y, a.

Defn: Made of velvet, or like velvet; soft; smooth; delicate.

VENA
Ve"na, n.; pl. Venæ. Etym: [L. See Vein.]

Defn: A vein. Vena cava; pl. Venæ cavæ. Etym: [L., literally, hollow
vein.] (Anat.) Any one of the great systemic veins connected directly
with the heart.-- Vena contracta. Etym: [L., literally, contracted
vein.] (Hydraulics) The contracted portion of a liquid jet at and
near the orifice from which it issues.
 -- Vena portæ; pl. VenÆ portæ. Etym: [L., literally, vein of the
entrance.] (Anat.) The portal vein of the liver. See under Portal.

VENADA
Ve*na"da, N. Etym: [Cf. Sp. venado a does, stag.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pudu.

VENAL
Ve"nal, a. Etym: [L. vena a vein.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to veins; venous; as, venal blood. [R.]

VENAL
Ve"nal, a. Etym: [L. venalis, from venus sale; akin to Gr. vasna: cf.
F. vénal.]

Defn: Capable of being bought or obtained for money or other valuable
consideration; made matter of trade or barter; held for sale;
salable; mercenary; purchasable; hireling; as, venal services. " Paid
court to venal beauties." Macaulay.
The venal cry and prepared vote of a passive senate. Burke.

Syn.
 -- Mercenary; hireling; vendible.
 -- Venal, Mercenary. One is mercenary who is either actually a
hireling (as, mercenary soldiers, a mercenary judge, etc.), or is
governed by a sordid love of gain; hence, we speak of mercenary
motives, a mercenary marriage, etc. Venal goes further, and supposes
either an actual purchase, or a readiness to be purchased, which
places a person or thing wholly in the power of the purchaser; as, a
venal press. Brissot played ingeniously on the latter word in his
celebrated saying, " My pen is venal that it may not be mercenary,"
meaning that he wrote books, and sold them to the publishers, in
order to avoid the necessity of being the hireling of any political
party.
Thus needy wits a vile revenue made, And verse became a mercenary
trade. Dryden.
This verse be thine, my friend, nor thou refuse This, from no venal
or ungrateful muse. Pope.

VENALITY
Ve*nal"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. venalitas: cf. F. vénalité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being venal, or purchasable;
mercenariness; prostitution of talents, offices, or services, for
money or reward; as, the venality of a corrupt court; the venality of
an official.
Complaints of Roman venality became louder. Milton.

VENALLY
Ve"nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a venal manner.

VENANTES
Ve*nan"tes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. venans, p. pr. of venari to
hunt.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hunting spiders, which run after, or leap upon, their prey.

VENARY
Ven"a*ry, a. Etym: [LL. venarius, fr. L. venari, p. p. venatus, to
hunt.]

Defn: Of or, pertaining to hunting.

VENATIC; VENATICAL
Ve*nat"ic, Ve*nat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. venaticus, fr. venatus hunting,
fr. venari, p. p. venatus, to hunt.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to hunting; used in hunting. [R.] " Venatical
pleasure." Howell.

VENATICA
Ve*nat"i*ca, n.

Defn: See Vinatico.

VENATION
Ve*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. vena a vein.]

Defn: The arrangement or system of veins, as in the wing of an
insect, or in the leaves of a plant. See Illust. in Appendix.

VENATION
Ve*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. venatio, fr. venari, p. p. venatus, to hunt.
See Venison.]

Defn: The act or art of hunting, or the state of being hunted. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.

VENATORIAL
Ven`a*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. venatorius.]

Defn: Or or pertaining to hunting; venatic. [R.]

VEND
Vend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vended; p. pr. & vb. n. Vending.] Etym: [F.
vendre, L. vendere, from venum dare; venus sale + dare to give. See
2d Venal, Date, time.]

Defn: To transfer to another person for a pecuniary equivalent; to
make an object of trade; to dispose of by sale; to sell; as, to vend
goods; to vend vegetables.

Note: Vend differs from barter. We vend for money; we barter for
commodities. Vend is used chiefly of wares, merchandise, or other
small articles, not of lands and tenements.

VEND
Vend, n.

1. The act of vending or selling; a sale.

2. The total sales of coal from a colliery. [Eng.]

VENDACE
Ven"dace, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European lake whitefish (Coregonus Willughbii, or C.
Vandesius) native of certain lakes in Scotland and England. It is
regarded as a delicate food fish. Called also vendis.

VENDEE
Vend*ee", n.

Defn: The person to whom a thing is vended, or sold; -- the
correlative of vendor.

VENDEMIAIRE
Ven`dé`miaire", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. vindemia vintage.]

Defn: The first month of the French republican calendar, dating from
September 22, 1792.

Note: This calendar was substituted for the ordinary calendar, dating
from the Christian era, by a decree of the National Convention in
1793. The 22d of September, 1792, which had been fixed upon as the
day of the foundation of the republic, was also the date of the new
calendar. In this calendar, the year, which began at midnight of the
day of the autumnal equinox, was divided into twelve months of thirty
days, with five additional days for festivals, and every fourth year
six. Each month was divided into three decades of ten days each, the
week being abolished. The names of the months in their order were,
Vendémiaire, Brumaire, Frimaire Nivose, Pluviose, Ventose, Germinal,
Floréal, Prairial, Messidor, Thermidor (sometimes called Fervidor),
and Fructidor. This calendar was abolished December 31, 1805, and the
ordinary one restored January 1, 1806.

VENDER
Vend"er, n. Etym: [From Vend: cf. F. vendeur, OF. vendeor. Cf.
Vendor.]

Defn: One who vends; one who transfers the exclusive right of
possessing a thing, either his own, or that of another as his agent,
for a price or pecuniary equivalent; a seller; a vendor.

VENDETTA
Ven*det"ta, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A blood feud; private revenge for the murder of a kinsman.

VENDIBILITY
Vend`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vendible, or salable.

VENDIBLE
Vend"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. vendibilis: cf. OF. vendible, F. vendable.]

Defn: Capable of being vended, or sold; that may be sold; salable.
The regulating of prices of things vendible. Bacon.

Note: Vendible differs from marketable; the latter signifies proper
or fit for market, according to the laws or customs of a place.
Vendible has no reference to such legal fitness.

VENDIBLE
Vend"i*ble, n.

Defn: Something to be sold, or offered for sale.
 -- Vend"i*ble*ness, n.
 -- Vend"i*bly, adv.

VENDITATE
Ven"di*tate, v. t. Etym: [See Venditation.]

Defn: To cry up. as if for sale; to blazon. [Obs.] Holland.

VENDITATION
Ven`di*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. venditatio, fr. venditare, venditatum,
to offer again and again for sale, v. freq. of vendere. See Vend.]

Defn: The act of setting forth ostentatiously; a boastful display.
[Obs.] B. Jonson.

VENDITION
Ven*di"tion, n. Etym: [L. venditio: cf. F. vendition.]

Defn: The act of vending, or selling; sale.

VENDOR
Vend"or , n. Etym: [See Vender.]

Defn: A vender; a seller; the correlative of vendee.

VENDOR'S LIEN
Vend"or's lien. (Law)

Defn: An implied lien (that is, one not created by mortgage or other
express agreement) given in equity to a vendor of lands for the
unpaid purchase money.

VENDS
Vends, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: See Wends.

VENDUE
Ven*due", n. Etym: [OF. vendue, from F. vendre, p. p. vendu, vendue,
to sell.]

Defn: A public sale of anything, by outcry, to the highest bidder; an
auction. [Obsoles.] Vendue master, one who is authorized to sell any
property by vendue; an auctioneer. [Obsoles.]

VENEER
Ve*neer", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Veneered; p. pr. & vb. n. Veneering.]
Etym: [G. furnieren, fourniren, fr. F. fournir to furnish. See
Furnish.]

Defn: To overlay or plate with a thin layer of wood or other material
for outer finish or decoration; as, to veneer a piece of furniture
with mahogany. Used also figuratively.
As a rogue in grain Veneered with sanctimonious theory. Tennyson.

VENEER
Ve*neer", n. Etym: [Cf. G. furnier or fournier. See Veneer, v. t.]

Defn: A thin leaf or layer of a more valuable or beautiful material
for overlaying an inferior one, especially such a thin leaf of wood
to be glued to a cheaper wood; hence, external show; gloss; false
pretense. Veneer moth (Zoöl.), any moth of the genus Chilo; -- so
called because the mottled colors resemble those of veneering.

VENEERING
Ve*neer"ing, n.

1. The act or art of one who veneers.

2. Thin wood or other material used as a veneer.

VENEFICAL
Ve*nef"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. veneficus.]

Defn: Veneficial. [Obs.] "Venefical instruments." B. Jonson.

VENEFICE
Ven"e*fice, n. Etym: [L. veneficium, fr. veneficus poisoning; venenum
poison + facere to make: cf. F. vénéfice.]

Defn: The act or practice of poisoning. [Obs.]

VENEFICIAL; VENEFICIOUS
Ven`e*fi"cial, Ven`e*fi"cious, a.

Defn: Acting by poison; used in poisoning or in sorcery. [Obs.] "An
old veneficious practice." Sir T. Browne.
 -- Ven`e*fi"cious*ly, adv. [Obs.]

VENEMOUS
Ven"e*mous, a.

Defn: Venomous. [Obs.]

VENENATE
Ven"e*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. veneatus, p. p. venenare to poison, from
venenum poison. Cf. Venom.]

Defn: To poison; to infect with poison. [R.] Harvey.

VENENATE
Ven"e*nate, a.

Defn: Poisoned. Woodward.

VENENATION
Ven`en*na"tion, n.

1. The act of poisoning.

2. Poison; venom. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

VENENE
Ve*nene", a.

Defn: Poisonous; venomous. [Obs.]

VENENOSE
Ven"e*nose`, a. Etym: [L. venenosus, fr. venenum poison. Cf.
Venomous.]

Defn: Poisonous. [Obs.]

VENERABILITY
Ven`er*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being venerable; venerableness. Dr. H.
More.

VENERABLE
Ven"er*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. venerabilis: cf. F. vénérable.]

1. Capable of being venerated; worthy of veneration or reverence;
deserving of honor and respect; -- generally implying an advanced
age; as, a venerable magistrate; a venerable parent.
He was a man of eternal self-sacrifice, and that is always venerable.
De Quincey.
Venerable men! you have come down to us from a former generation. D.
Webster.

2. Rendered sacred by religious or other associations; that should be
regarded with awe and treated with reverence; as, the venerable walls
of a temple or a church.

Note: This word is employed in the Church of England as a title for
an archdeacon. In the Roman Catholic Church, venerable is applied to
those who have attained to the lowest of the three recognized degrees
of sanctity, but are not among the beatified, nor the canonized.
 -- Ven"er*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- Ven"er*a*bly, adv.

VENERACEA
Ven`e*ra"ce*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Venus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive tribe of bivalve mollusks of which the genus Venus
is the type. The shells are usually oval, or somewhat heartshaped,
with a conspicuous lunule. See Venus.

VENERATE
Ven"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Venerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Venerating.] Etym: [L. veneratus, p. p. of venerari to venerate; akin
to Venus Venus, Skr. van to like, to wish, and E. winsome. See
Winsome.]

Defn: To regard with reverential respect; to honor with mingled
respect and awe; to reverence; to revere; as, we venerate parents and
elders.
And seemed to venerate the sacred shade. Dryden.
I do not know a man more to be venerated for uprightness of heart and
loftiness of genius. Sir W. Scott.

Syn.
 -- To reverence; revere; adore; respect.

VENERATION
Ven`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. veneratio: cf. F. vénération.]

Defn: The act of venerating, or the state of being venerated; the
highest degree of respect and reverence; respect mingled with awe; a
feeling or sentimental excited by the dignity, wisdom, or superiority
of a person, by sacredness of character, by consecration to sacred
services, or by hallowed associations.
We find a secret awe and veneration for one who moves about us in
regular and illustrious course of virtue. Addison.

Syn.
 -- Awe; reverence; respect. See Reverence.

VENERATOR
Ven"er*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who venerates. Jer. Taylor

VENEREAL
Ve*ne"re*al, a. Etym: [L. venereus, venerius, fr. Venus, Veneris,
Venus, the goddess of love. See Venerate.]

1. Of or pertaining to venery, or sexual love; relating to sexual
intercourse.
Into the snare I fell Of fair, fallacious looks, venereal trains,
Softened with pleasure and voluptuous life. Milton.

2. (Med.)
(a) Arising from sexual intercourse; as, a venereal disease; venereal
virus or poison.
(b) Adapted to the cure of venereal diseases; as, venereal medicines.

3. Adapted to excite venereal desire; aphrodisiac.

4. Consisting of, or pertaining to, copper, formerly called by
chemists Venus. [Obs.] Boyle.

VENEREAL
Ve*ne"re*al, n. (Med.)

Defn: The venereal disease; syphilis.

VENEREAN
Ve*ne"re*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vénérien.]

Defn: Devoted to the offices of Venus, or love; venereal. [Obs.] "I
am all venerean in feeling." Chaucer.

VENEREOUS
Ve*ne"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. venereus.]

1. Venereal; exciting lust; aphrodisiac. [Obs.]

2. Lustful; lascivious; libidinous. [R.] Derham.

VENEROUS
Ven"er*ous, a.

Defn: Venereous. [Obs.] Burton.

VENERY
Ven"er*y, n. Etym: [L. Venus, Veneris, the goddess of love.]

Defn: Sexual love; sexual intercourse; coition.
Contentment, without the pleasure of lawful venery, is continence; of
unlawful, chastity. Grew.

VENERY
Ven"er*y, n. Etym: [OE. venerie, F. vénerie, fr. OF. vener to hunt,
L. venari. See Venison.]

Defn: The art, act, or practice of hunting; the sports of the chase.
"Beasts of venery and fishes." Sir T. Browne.
I love hunting and venery. Chaucer.

VENESECTION
Ve`ne*sec"tion, n. Etym: [NL. venaesectio; L. vena vein + sectio
section.] (Med.)

Defn: The act or operation of opening a vein for letting blood;
bloodletting; phlebotomy.

VENETIAN
Ve*ne"tian, a. Etym: [Cf. It. Veneziano, L. Venetianus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Venice in Italy. Venetian blind, a blind
for windows, doors, etc., made of thin slats, either fixed at a
certain angle in the shutter, or movable, and in the latter case so
disposed as to overlap each other when close, and to show a series of
open spaces for the admission of air and light when in other
positions.
 -- Venetian carpet, an inexpensive carpet, used for passages and
stairs, having a woolen warp which conceals the weft; the pattern is
therefore commonly made up of simple stripes.
 -- Venetian chalk, a white compact or steatite, used for marking on
cloth, etc.
 -- Venetian door (Arch.), a door having long, narrow windows or
panes of glass on the sides.
 -- Venetian glass, a kind of glass made by the Venetians, for
decorative purposes, by the combination of pieces of glass of
different colors fused together and wrought into various ornamental
patterns.
 -- Venetian red, a brownish red color, prepared from sulphate of
iron; -- called also scarlet ocher.
 -- Venetian soap. See Castile soap, under Soap.
 -- Venetian sumac (Bot.), a South European tree (Rhus Cotinus) which
yields the yellow dyewood called fustet; -- also called smoke tree.
 -- Venetian window (Arch.), a window consisting of a main window
with an arched head, having on each side a long and narrow window
with a square head.

VENETIAN
Ve*ne"tian, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Venice.

VENEW
Ven"ew, n. Etym: [F. venue, lit., an arrival, from venir, p. p. venu,
venue, to come. See Venue.]

Defn: A bout, or turn, as at fencing; a thrust; a hit; a veney.
[Obs.] Fuller.

VENEY
Ven"ey, n. Etym: [Cf. Venew or Visne.]

Defn: A bout; a thrust; a venew. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
Three veneys for a dish of stewed prunes. Shak.

VENGE
Venge, v. t. Etym: [F. venger. See Vengeance.]

Defn: To avenge; to punish; to revenge. [Obs.] See Avenge, and
Revenge. Chaucer. "To venge me, as I may." Shak.

VENGEABLE
Venge"a*ble, a.

Defn: Revengeful; deserving revenge. [Obs.] Spenser.
 -- Venge"a*bly, adv. [Obs.]

VENGEANCE
Venge"ance, n. Etym: [F. vengeance, fr. venger to avenge, L.
vindicare to lay claim to, defend, avenge, fr. vindex a claimant,
defender, avenger, the first part of which is of uncertain origin,
and the last part akin to dicere to say. See Diction, and cf. Avenge,
Revenge, Vindicate.]

1. Punishment inflicted in return for an injury or an offense;
retribution; -- often, in a bad sense, passionate or unrestrained
revenge.
To me belongeth vengeance and recompense. Deut. xxxii. 35.
To execute fierce vengeance on his foes. Milton.

2. Harm; mischief. [Obs.] Shak. What a vengeance, or What the
vengeance, what! -- emphatically. [Obs.] "But what a vengeance makes
thee fly!" Hudibras. "What the vengeance! Could he not speak 'em
fair" Shak.
 -- With a vengeance, with great violence; as, to strike with a
vengeance. [Colloq.]

VENGEANCELY
Venge"ance*ly, adv.

Defn: Extremely; excessively. [Obs.] "He loves that vengeancely."
Beau. & Fl.

VENGEFUL
Venge"ful, a.

Defn: Vindictive; retributive; revengeful. "Vengeful ire." Milton.
 -- Venge"ful*ly, adv.

VENGEMENT
Venge"ment, n. Etym: [OF. vengement.]

Defn: Avengement; penal retribution; vengeance. [Obs.] Spenser.

VENGER
Ven"ger, n.

Defn: An avenger. [Obs.] Spenser.

VENIABLE
Ve"ni*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. veniabilis, fr. venia forgiveness, pardon.]

Defn: Venial; pardonable. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
 -- Ve"ni*a*bly, adv. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

VENIAL
Ve"ni*al, a. Etym: [OF. venial, F. véniel, L. venialis, from venia
forgiveness, pardon, grace, favor, kindness; akin to venerari to
venerate. See Venerate.]

1. Capable of being forgiven; not heinous; excusable; pardonable; as,
a venial fault or transgression.
So they do nothing, 't is a venial slip. Shak.

2. Allowed; permitted. [Obs.] "Permitting him the while venial
discourse unblamed." Milton. Venial sin (R. C. Theol.), a sin which
weakens, but does not wholly destroy, sanctifying grace, as do
mortal, or deadly, sins.
 -- Ve"ni*al*ly, adv.
 -- Ve"ni*al*ness, n. Bp. Hall.

VENIALITY
Ve`ni*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being venial; venialness. Jer. Taylor.

VENIN
Ven"in, n. [L. venenum poison.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A toxic substance contained in the venom of poisonous snakes;
also, a (supposedly identical) toxic substance obtained by the
cleavage of an albumose.

VENIRE FACIAS
Ve*ni"re fa"ci*as. Etym: [L., make, or cause, to come.] (Law)
(a) A judicial writ or precept directed to the sheriff, requiring him
to cause a certain number of qualified persons to appear in court at
a specified time, to serve as jurors in said court.
(b) A writ in the nature of a summons to cause the party indicted on
a penal statute to appear. Called also venire.

VENISON
Ven"i*son, n. Etym: [OE. veneison, veneson, venison, OF. veneison, F.
venaison, L. venatio hunting, the chase, game, fr. venari, p. p.
venatus, to hunt; perhaps akin to OHG. weidin, weidenen, to pasture,
to hunt, G. weide pasturage. Cf. Gain to acquire, Venation.]

1. Beasts of the chase. [Obs.] Fabyan.

2. Formerly, the flesh of any of the edible beasts of the chase, also
of game birds; now, the flesh of animals of the deer kind
exclusively.

VENITE
Ve*ni"te, n. Etym: [L., come, imperative 2d person pl. So called from
its opening word in the Latin version.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The 95th Psalm, which is said or sung regularly in the public
worship of many churches. Also, a musical composition adapted to this
Psalm.

VENOM
Ven"om, n. Etym: [OE. venim, OF. venim, F. venin, L. veneum. Cf.
Venenate.]

1. Matter fatal or injurious to life; poison; particularly, the
poisonous, the poisonous matter which certain animals, such as
serpents, scorpions, bees, etc., secrete in a state of health, and
communicate by thing or stinging.
Or hurtful worm with cankered venom bites. Milton.

2. Spite; malice; malignity; evil quality. Chaucer. "The venom of
such looks." Shak.

Syn.
 -- Venom; virus; bane. See Poison.

VENOM
Ven"om, v. t. Etym: [OE. venimen, OF. venimer, L. venenare. See
Venom, n.]

Defn: To infect with venom; to envenom; to poison. [R.] "Venomed
vengeance." Shak.

VENOMOUS
Ven"om*ous, a. Etym: [OE. venemous, venimous, F. venimeux, L.
venenosus, fr. venenum poison. See Venom, and cf. Venenose.]

1. Full of venom; noxious to animal life; poisonous; as, the bite of
a serpent may be venomous.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a poison gland or glands for the secretion of venom, as
certain serpents and insects.

3. Noxious; mischievous; malignant; spiteful; as, a venomous progeny;
a venomous writer. Venomous snake (Zoöl.), any serpent which has
poison glands and fangs, whether dangerous to man or not. These
serpents constitute two tribes, the viperine serpents, or
Solenoglypha, and the cobralike serpents, or Proteroglypha. The
former have perforated, erectile fangs situated in the front part of
the upper jaw, and are without ordinary teeth behind the fangs; the
latter have permanently erect and grooved fangs, with ordinary
maxillary teeth behind them.
 -- Ven"om*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Ven"om*ous*ness, n.

VENOSE
Ve*nose", a. Etym: [See Venous.]

Defn: Having numerous or conspicuous veins; veiny; as, a venose
frond.

VENOSITY
Ve*nos"i*ty, n.

1. The quality or state of being venous.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A condition in which the circulation is retarded, and the
entire mass of blood is less oxygenated than it normally is.

VENOUS
Ven"ous, a. Etym: [L. venosus, from vena a vein. See Vein.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a vein or veins; as, the venous circulation
of the blood.

2. Contained in the veins, or having the same qualities as if
contained in the veins, that is, having a dark bluish color and
containing an insufficient amount of oxygen so as no longer to be fit
for oxygenating the tissues; -- said of the blood, and opposed to
arterial.

3. Marked with veins; veined; as, a venous leaf. Venous leaf (Bot.),
a leaf having vessels branching, or variously divided, over its
surface.
 -- Venous hum (Med.), a humming sound, or bruit, heard during
auscultation of the veins of the neck in anæmia.
 -- Venous pulse (Physiol.), the pulse, or rhythmic contraction,
sometimes seen in a vein, as in the neck, when there is an
obstruction to the passage of blood from the auricles to the
ventricles, or when there is an abnormal rigidity in the walls of the
greater vessels. There is normally no pulse in a vein.

VENT
Vent, n. Etym: [F. vente, fr. L. vendere, -itum, to sell; perh.
confused with E. vent an opening. See Vend.]

Defn: Sale; opportunity to sell; market. [Obs.] Shelton.
There is no vent for any commodity but of wool. Sir W. Temple.

VENT
Vent, v. t.

Defn: To sell; to vend. [Obs.]
Therefore did those nations vent such spice. Sir W. Raleigh.

VENT
Vent, n. Etym: [Sp. venta a poor inn, sale, market. See Vent sale.]

Defn: A baiting place; an inn. [Obs.]

VENT
Vent, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. venter to blow, vent wind (see Ventilate);
but prob influenced by E. vent an opening.]

Defn: To snuff; to breathe or puff out; to snort. [Obs.] Spenser.

VENT
Vent, n. Etym: [OE. fent, fente, a slit, F. fente a slit, cleft,
fissure, from fendre to split, L. findere; but probably confused with
F. vent wind, L. ventus. See Fissure, and cf. Vent to snuff.]

1. A small aperture; a hole or passage for air or any fluid to
escape; as, the vent of a cask; the vent of a mold; a volcanic vent.
Look, how thy wounds do bleed at many vents. Shak.
Long't was doubtful, both so closely pent, Which first should issue
from the narrow vent. Pope.

2. Specifically: --(a) (Zoöl.)

Defn: The anal opening of certain invertebrates and fishes; also, the
external cloacal opening of reptiles, birds, amphibians, and many
fishes.
(b) (Gun.) The opening at the breech of a firearm, through which fire
is communicated to the powder of the charge; touchhole.
(c) (Steam Boilers) Sectional area of the passage for gases divided
by the length of the same passage in feet.

3. Fig.: Opportunity of escape or passage from confinement or
privacy; outlet.

4. Emission; escape; passage to notice or expression; publication;
utterance.
Without the vent of words. Milton.
Thou didst make tolerable vent of thy travel. Shak.
To give vent to, to suffer to escape; to let out; to pour forth; as,
to give vent to anger.
 -- To take vent, to escape; to be made public. [R.] -- Vent feather
(Zoöl.), one of the anal, or crissal, feathers of a bird.
 -- Vent field (Gun.), a flat raised surface around a vent.
 -- Vent piece. (Gun.) (a) A bush. See 4th Bush, n, 2. (b) A breech
block.

VENT
Vent, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vented; p. pr. & vb. n. Venting.]

1. To let out at a vent, or small aperture; to give passage or outlet
to.

2. To suffer to escape from confinement; to let out; to utter; to
pour forth; as, to vent passion or complaint.
The queen of heaven did thus her fury vent. Dryden.

3. To utter; to report; to publish. [Obs.]
By mixing somewhat true to vent more lies. Milton.
Thou hast framed and vented very curious orations. Barrow.

4. To scent, as a hound. [Obs.] Turbervile.

5. To furnish with a vent; to make a vent in; as, to vent. a mold.

VENTAGE
Vent"age, n.

Defn: A small hole, as the stop in a flute; a vent. Shak.

VENTAIL
Vent"ail, n. Etym: [OF. ventaille, F. ventail. See Ventilate, and cf.
Aventail.]

Defn: That part of a helmet which is intended for the admission of
air, -- sometimes in the visor. Spenser.
Her ventail up so high that he descried Her goodly visage and her
beauty's pride. Fairfax.

VENTER
Vent"er, n.

Defn: One who vents; one who utters, reports, or publishes. [R.]
Barrow.

VENTER
Vent"er, n. Etym: [L.]

1. (Anat.)
(a) The belly; the abdomen; -- sometimes applied to any large cavity
containing viscera.
(b) The uterus, or womb.
(c) A belly, or protuberant part; a broad surface; as, the venter of
a muscle; the venter, or anterior surface, of the scapula.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lower part of the abdomen in insects.

3. (Rom. & O. E. Law)

Defn: A pregnant woman; a mother; as, A has a son B by one venter,
and a daughter C by another venter; children by different venters.

VENTHOLE
Vent"hole, n.

Defn: A touchhole; a vent.

VENTIDUCT
Ven"ti*duct, n. Etym: [L. ventus wind + ductus a leading, conduit,
fr. ducere, ductum, to lead.]

Defn: A passage for wind or air; a passage or pipe for ventilating
apartments. Gwilt.

VENTILATE
Ven"ti*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ventilated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ventilating.] Etym: [L. ventilatus, p. p. of ventilare to toss,
brandish in the air, to fan, to winnow, from ventus wind; akin to E.
wind. See Wind rushing air.]

1. To open and expose to the free passage of air; to supply with
fresh air, and remove impure air from; to air; as, to ventilate a
room; to ventilate a cellar; to ventilate a mine.

2. To provide with a vent, or escape, for air, gas, etc.; as, to
ventilate a mold, or a water-wheel bucket.

3. To change or renew, as the air of a room. Harvey.

4. To winnow; to fan; as, to ventilate wheat.

5. To sift and examine; to bring out, and subject to penetrating
scrutiny; to expose to examination and discussion; as, to ventilate
questions of policy. Ayliffe.

6. To give vent; to utter; to make public.
Macaulay took occasion to ventilate one of those starling, but not
very profound, paradoxes. J. C. Shairp.

VENTILATION
Ven`ti*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. ventilatio: cf. F. ventilation.]

1. The act of ventilating, or the state of being ventilated; the art
or process of replacing foul air by that which is pure, in any
inclosed place, as a house, a church, a mine, etc.; free exposure to
air.
Insuring, for the laboring man, better ventilation. F. W. Robertson.

2. The act of refrigerating, or cooling; refrigeration; as,
ventilation of the blood. [Obs.] Harvey.

3. The act of fanning, or winnowing, for the purpose of separating
chaff and dust from the grain.

4. The act of sifting, and bringing out to view or examination; free
discussion; public exposure.
The ventilation of these points diffused them to the knowledge of the
world. Bp. Hall.

5. The act of giving vent or expression. "Ventilation of his
thoughts." Sir H. Wotton.

VENTILATIVE
Ven"ti*la*tive, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ventilation; adapted to secure ventilation;
ventilating; as, ventilative apparatus.

VENTILATOR
Ven"ti*la`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ventilateur, L. ventilator a
winnower.]

Defn: A contrivance for effecting ventilation; especially, a
contrivance or machine for drawing off or expelling foul or stagnant
air from any place or apartment, or for introducing that which is
fresh and pure.

VENTOSE
Ven*tose", n.

Defn: A ventouse. [Obs.] Holland.

VENTOSE
Ven*tose", a. Etym: [L. ventosus windy. See Ventilate.]

Defn: Windy; flatulent. Richardson (Dict.).

VENTOSE
Ven`tose", n. Etym: [F. ventôse. See Ventose, a.]

Defn: The sixth month of the calendar adopted by the first French
republic. It began February 19, and ended March 20. See Vend.

VENTOSITY
Ven*tos"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. ventositas: cf. F. ventosité. See Ventose,
n.]

Defn: Quality or state of being ventose; windiness; hence, vainglory;
pride. Bacon.

VENTOUSE
Ven"touse, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A cupping glass. [Obs.] Chaucer.

VENTOUSE
Ven"touse, v. t. & i.

Defn: To cup; to use a cupping glass. [Obs.] [Written also ventuse.]
Chaucer.

VENTRAD
Ven"trad, adv. Etym: [L. venter belly + ad to.] (Anat.)

Defn: Toward the ventral side; on the ventral side; ventrally; --
opposed to dorsad.

VENTRAL
Ven"tral, a. Etym: [L. ventralis, fr. venter the belly; perhaps akin
to G. wanst: cf. F. ventral.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or situated near, the belly, or ventral
side, of an animal or of one of its parts; hemal; abdominal; as, the
ventral fin of a fish; the ventral root of a spinal nerve; -- opposed
to Ant: dorsal.

2. (Bot.)
(a) Of or pertaining to that surface of a carpel, petal, etc., which
faces toward the center of a flower.
(b) Of or pertaining to the lower side or surface of a creeping moss
or other low flowerless plant. Opposed to Ant: dorsal. Ventral fins
(Zoöl.), the posterior pair of fins of a fish. They are often
situated beneath the belly, but sometimes beneath the throat.
 -- Ventral segment. (Acoustics) See Loop, n., 5.

VENTRICLE
Ven"tri*cle, n. Etym: [L. ventriculus the stomach, a ventricle, dim.
of venter the belly: cf. F. ventricule. See Ventral.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A cavity, or one of the cavities, of an organ, as of the larynx
or the brain; specifically, the posterior chamber, or one of the two
posterior chambers, of the heart, which receives the blood from the
auricle and forces it out from the heart. See Heart.

Note: The principal ventricles of the brain are the fourth in the
medulla, the third in the midbrain, the first and second, or lateral,
ventricles in the cerebral hemispheres, all of which are connected
with each other, and the fifth, or pseudoc, situated between the
hemispheres, in front of, or above, the fornix, and entirely
disconnected with the other cavities. See Brain, and C.

2. The stomach. [Obs.]
Whether I will or not, while I live, my heart beats, and my ventricle
digests what is in it. Sir M. Hale.

3. Fig.: Any cavity, or hollow place, in which any function may be
conceived of as operating.
These [ideas] are begot on the ventricle of memory. Shak.

VENTRICOSE; VENTRICOUS
Ven"tri*cose`, Ven"tri*cous, a. Etym: [NL. ventricosus, fr. L. venter
belly.] (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Swelling out on one side or unequally; bellied; ventricular;
as, a ventricose corolla. Ventricose shell. (Zoöl.) (a) A spiral
shell having the body whorls rounded or swollen in the middle. (b) A
bivalve shell in which the valves are strongly convex.

VENTRICULAR
Ven*tric"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ventriculaire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a ventricle; bellied.

VENTRICULITE
Ven*tric"u*lite, n. Etym: [See Ventriculus.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of siliceous fossil sponges
belonging to Ventriculites and allied genera, characteristic of the
Cretaceous period.

Note: Many of them were shaped like vases, others like mushrooms.
They belong to the hexactinellids, and are allied to the Venus's
basket of modern seas.

VENTRICULOUS
Ven*tric"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. ventriculosus of the belly.]

Defn: Somewhat distended in the middle; ventricular.

VENTRICULUS
Ven*tric"u*lus, n.; pl. Ventriculi. Etym: [L., belly, dim. fr. venter
belly.] (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the stomachs of certain insects.
(b) The body cavity of a sponge.

VENTRILOCUTION
Ven`tri*lo*cu"tion, n. Etym: [See Ventriloquous.]

Defn: Ventriloquism.

VENTRILOQUIAL
Ven`tri*lo"qui*al, a.

Defn: Ventriloquous.

VENTRILOQUISM
Ven*tril"o*quism, n. Etym: [See Ventriloquous.]

Defn: The act, art, or practice of speaking in such a manner that the
voice appears to come, not from the person speaking, but from some
other source, as from the opposite side of the room, from the cellar,
etc.

VENTRILOQUIST
Ven*tril"o*quist, n.

Defn: One who practices, or is skilled in, ventriloquism.
Ventriloquist monkey (Zoöl.), the onappo; -- so called from the
character of its cry.

VENTRILOQUIZE
Ven*tril"o*quize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ventriloquized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ventriloquizing .]

Defn: To practice ventriloquism; to speak like a ventriloquist.

VENTRILOQUOUS
Ven*tril"o*quous, a. Etym: [L. ventriloquus a ventriloquist; venter
the belly + loqui, p. p. locutus, to speak. See Ventral, and
Loquacious.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a ventriloquist or ventriloquism.

VENTRILOQUY
Ven*tril"o*quy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ventriloquie.]

Defn: Same as Ventriloquism.

VENTRIMESON
Ven`tri*mes"on, n. Etym: [NL. See Venter, and Meson.] (Anat.)

Defn: See Meson.

VENTRO-
Ven"tro- (. Etym: [L. venter belly.]

Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with,
or relation to, the abdomen; also, connection with, relation to, or
direction toward, the ventral side; as, ventrolateral; ventro-
inguinal.

VENTRO-INGUINAL
Ven`tro-in"gui*nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining both to the abdomen and groin, or to the abdomen and
inguinal canal; as, ventro-inguinal hernia.

VENTURE
Ven"ture, n. Etym: [Aphetic form of OE. aventure. See Adventure.]

1. An undertaking of chance or danger; the risking of something upon
an event which can not be foreseen with certainty; a hazard; a risk;
a speculation.
I, in this venture, double gains pursue. Dryden.

2. An event that is not, or can not be, foreseen; an accident;
chance; hap; contingency; luck. Bacon.

3. The thing put to hazard; a stake; a risk; especially, something
sent to sea in trade.
My ventures are not in one bottom trusted. Shak.
At a venture, at hazard; without seeing the end or mark; without
foreseeing the issue; at random.
A certain man drew a bow at a venture. 1 Kings xxii. 34.
A bargain at a venture made. Hudibras.

Note: The phrase at a venture was originally at aventure, that is, at
adventure.

VENTURE
Ven"ture, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ventured; p. pr. & vb. n. Venturing.]

1. To hazard one's self; to have the courage or presumption to do,
undertake, or say something; to dare. Bunyan.

2. To make a venture; to run a hazard or risk; to take the chances.
Who freights a ship to venture on the seas. J. Dryden, Jr.
To venture at, or To venture on or upon, to dare to engage in; to
attempt without any certainty of success; as, it is rash to venture
upon such a project. "When I venture at the comic style." Waller.

VENTURE
Ven"ture, v. t.

1. To expose to hazard; to risk; to hazard; as, to venture one's
person in a balloon.
I am afraid; and yet I'll venture it. Shak.

2. To put or send on a venture or chance; as, to venture a horse to
the West Indies.

3. To confide in; to rely on; to trust. [R.]
A man would be well enough pleased to buy silks of one whom he would
not venture to feel his pulse. Addison.

VENTURER
Ven"tur*er, n.

1. One who ventures, or puts to hazard; an adventurer. Beau. & Fl.

2. A strumpet; a prostitute. [R.] J. Webster (1607).

VENTURESOME
Ven"ture*some, a.

Defn: Inclined to venture; not loth to run risk or danger; venturous;
bold; daring; adventurous; as, a venturesome boy or act.
 -- Ven"ture*some*ly, adv.
 -- Ven"ture*some*ness, n.

VENTURINE
Ven"tur*ine, n. Etym: [Cf. Aventurine.] (Japanning)

Defn: Gold powder for covering varnished surfaces.

VENTUROUS
Ven"tur*ous, a. Etym: [Aphetic form of OE. aventurous. See
Adventurous, Venture, n.]

Defn: Daring; bold; hardy; fearless; venturesome; adveturous; as, a
venturous soldier. Spenser.
This said, he paused not, but with venturous arm He plucked, he
tasted. Milton.
-- Ven"tur*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Ven"tur*ous*ness, n.

VENTUSE
Ven"tuse, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Ventouse. [Obs.]

VENUE
Ven"ue, n. Etym: [F. venue a coming, arrival, fr. venir to come, L.
venire; hence, in English, the place whither the jury are summoned to
come. See Come, and cf. Venew, Veney.]

1. (Law)

Defn: A neighborhood or near place; the place or county in which
anything is alleged to have happened; also, the place where an action
is laid.
The twelve men who are to try the cause must be of the same venue
where the demand is made. Blackstone.

Note: In certain cases, the court has power to change the venue,
which is to direct the trial to be had in a different county from
that where the venue is laid.

2. A bout; a hit; a turn. See Venew. [R.] To lay a venue (Law), to
allege a place.

VENULE
Ven"ule, n. Etym: [L. venula, dim. from vena vein.]

Defn: A small vein; a veinlet; specifically (Zoöl.), one of the small
branches of the veins of the wings in insects.

VENULOSE
Ven"u*lose`, a.

Defn: Full of venules, or small veins.

VENUS
Ve"nus, n. Etym: [L. Venus, -eris, the goddess of love, the planet
Venus.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The goddess of beauty and love, that is, beauty or love
deified.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the planets, the second in order from the sun, its orbit
lying between that of Mercury and that of the Earth, at a mean
distance from the sun of about 67,000,000 miles. Its diameter is
7,700 miles, and its sidereal period 224.7 days. As the morning star,
it was called by the ancients Lucifer; as the evening star, Hesperus.

3. (Alchem.)

Defn: The metal copper; -- probably so designated from the ancient
use of the metal in making mirrors, a mirror being still the
astronomical symbol of the planet Venus. [Archaic]

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine bivalve shells of the
genus Venus or family Veneridæ. Many of these shells are large, and
ornamented with beautiful frills; others are smooth, glossy, and
handsomely colored. Some of the larger species, as the round clam, or
quahog, are valued for food. Venus's basin (Bot.), the wild teasel; -
- so called because the connate leaf bases form a kind of receptacle
for water, which was formerly gathered for use in the toilet. Also
called Venus's bath.
 -- Venus's basket (Zoöl.), an elegant, cornucopia-shaped,
hexactinellid sponge (Euplectella speciosa) native of the East
Indies. It consists of glassy, transparent, siliceous fibers
interwoven and soldered together so as to form a firm network, and
has long, slender, divergent anchoring fibers at the base by means of
which it stands erect in the soft mud at the bottom of the sea.
Called also Venus's flower basket, and Venus's purse.
 -- Venus's comb. (a) (Bot.) Same as Lady's comb. (b) (Zoöl.) A
species of Murex (M. tenuispinus). It has a long, tubular canal, with
a row of long, slender spines along both of its borders, and rows of
similar spines covering the body of the shell. Called also Venus's
shell.
 -- Venus's fan (Zoöl.), a common reticulated, fanshaped gorgonia
(Gorgonia flabellum) native of Florida and the West Indies. When
fresh the color is purple or yellow, or a mixture of the two.
 -- Venus's flytrap. (Bot.) See Flytrap, 2.
 -- Venus's girdle (Zoöl.), a long, flat, ribbonlike, very delicate,
transparent and iridescent ctenophore (Cestum Veneris) which swims in
the open sea. Its form is due to the enormous development of two
spheromeres. See Illust. in Appendix.
 -- Venus's hair (Bot.), a delicate and graceful fern (Adiantum
Capillus-Veneris) having a slender, black and shining stem and
branches.
 -- Venus's hair stone (Min.), quartz penetrated by acicular crystals
of rutile.
 -- Venus's looking-glass (Bot.), an annual plant of the genus
Specularia allied to the bellflower; -- also called lady's looking-
glass.
 -- Venus's navelwort (Bot.), any one of several species of
Omphalodes, low boraginaceous herbs with small blue or white flowers.
 -- Venus's pride (Bot.), an old name for Quaker ladies. See under
Quaker.
 -- Venus's purse. (Zoöl.) Same as Venus's basket, above.
 -- Venus's shell. (Zoöl.) (a) Any species of Cypræa; a cowrie. (b)
Same as Venus's comb, above. (c) Same as Venus, 4.
 -- Venus's slipper. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Cypripedium.
See Lady's slipper. (b) (Zoöl.) Any heteropod shell of the genus
Carinaria. See Carinaria.

VENUST
Ve*nust", a. Etym: [L. venustus, from Venus the goddess of love.]

Defn: Beautiful. [R.] E. Waterhouse.

VERACIOUS
Ve*ra"cious, a. Etym: [L. verax, -acis, fr. verus true. See Very.]

1. Observant of truth; habitually speaking truth; truthful; as,
veracious historian.
The Spirit is most perfectly and absolutely veracious. Barrow.

2. Characterized by truth; not false; as, a veracious account or
narrative.
The young, ardent soul that enters on this world with heroic purpose,
with veracious insight, will find it a mad one. Carlyle.

VERACIOUSLY
Ve*ra"cious*ly, adv.

Defn: In a veracious manner.

VERACITY
Ve*rac"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. véracité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being veracious; habitual observance of
truth; truthfulness; truth; as, a man of veracity.

VERANDA
Ve*ran"da, n. Etym: [A word brought by the English from India; of
uncertain origin; cf. Skr. vara, Pg. varanda, Sp. baranda, Malay
baranda.] (Arch.)

Defn: An open, roofed gallery or portico, adjoining a dwelling house,
forming an out-of-door sitting room. See Loggia.
The house was of adobe, low, with a wide veranda on the three sides
of the inner court. Mrs. H. H. Jackson.

VERATRALBINE
Ver`a*tral"bine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellowish amorphous alkaloid extracted from the rootstock of
Veratrum album.

VERATRATE
Ve*ra"trate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of veratric acid.

VERATRIA
Ve*ra"tri*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: Veratrine.

VERATRIC
Ve*ra"tric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, plants of the genus Veratrum.
Veratric acid (Chem.), an acid occurring, together with veratrine, in
the root of white hellebore (Veratrum album), and in sabadilla seed;
-- extracted as a white crystalline substance which is related to
protocatechuic acid.

VERATRINA
Ver`a*tri"na, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Veratrine.

VERATRINE
Ve*ra"trine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vératrine. See Veratrum.] (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous alkaloid obtained from the root hellebore
(Veratrum) and from sabadilla seeds as a white crystalline powder,
having an acrid, burning taste. It is sometimes used externally, as
in ointments, in the local treatment of neuralgia and rheumatism.
Called also veratria, and veratrina.

VERATROL
Ve*ra"trol, n. Etym: [Veratric + ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon obtained by the decomposition of veratric
acid, and constituting the dimethyl ether of pyrocatechin.

VERATRUM
Ve*ra"trum, n. Etym: [L. veratrum hellebore.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of coarse liliaceous herbs having very poisonous
qualities.

Note: Veratrum album of Europe, and Veratrum viride of America, are
both called hellebore. They grow in wet land, have large, elliptical,
plicate leaves in three vertical ranks, and bear panicles of greenish
flowers.

VERB
Verb, n. Etym: [F. verbe, L. verbum a word, verb. See Word.]

1. A word; a vocable. [Obs.] South.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A word which affirms or predicates something of some person or
thing; a part of speech expressing being, action, or the suffering of
action.

Note: A verb is a word whereby the chief action of the mind [the
assertion or the denial of a proposition] finds expression. Earle.
Active verb, Auxiliary verb, Neuter verb, etc. See Active, Auxiliary,
Neuter, etc.

VERBAL
Ver"bal, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. verbalis. See Verb.]

1. Expressed in words, whether spoken or written, but commonly in
spoken words; hence, spoken; oral; not written; as, a verbal
contract; verbal testimony.
Made she no verbal question Shak.
We subjoin an engraving . . . which will give the reader a far better
notion of the structure than any verbal description could convey to
the mind. Mayhew.

2. Consisting in, or having to do with, words only; dealing with
words rather than with the ideas intended to be conveyed; as, a
verbal critic; a verbal change.
And loses, though but verbal, his reward. Milton.
Mere verbal refinements, instead of substantial knowledge. Whewell.

3. Having word answering to word; word for word; literal; as, a
verbal translation.

4. Abounding with words; verbose. [Obs.] Shak.

5. (Gram.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a verb; as, a verbal group; derived
directly from a verb; as, a verbal noun; used in forming verbs; as, a
verbal prefix. Verbal inspiration. See under Inspiration.
 -- Verbal noun (Gram.), a noun derived directly from a verb or verb
stem; a verbal. The term is specifically applied to infinitives, and
nouns ending in -ing, esp. to the latter. See Gerund, and -ing, 2.
See also, Infinitive mood, under Infinitive.

VERBAL
Ver"bal, n. (Gram.)

Defn: A noun derived from a verb.

VERBALISM
Ver"bal*ism, n.

Defn: Something expressed verbally; a verbal remark or expression.

VERBALIST
Ver"bal*ist, n.

Defn: A literal adherent to, or a minute critic of, words; a
literalist.

VERBALITY
Ver*bal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being verbal; mere words; bare literal
expression. [R.] "More verbality than matter." Bp. Hall.

VERBALIZATION
Ver`bal*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of verbalizing, or the state of being verbalized.

VERBALIZE
Ver"bal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Verbalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Verbalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. verbaliser.]

Defn: To convert into a verb; to verbify.

VERBALIZE
Ver"bal*ize, v. i.

Defn: To be verbose.

VERBALLY
Ver"bal*ly, adv.

1. In a verbal manner; orally.

2. Word for word; verbatim. Dryden.

VERBARIAN
Ver*ba"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to words; verbal. [R.] Coleridge.

VERBARIAN
Ver*ba"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who coins words. [R.]
Southey gives himself free scope as a verbarian. Fitzed. Hall.

VERBARIUM
Ver*ba"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. verbum word.]

Defn: A game in word making. See Logomachy, 2.

VERBATIM
Ver*ba"tim, adv. Etym: [LL., fr. L. verbum word.]

Defn: Word for word; in the same words; verbally; as, to tell a story
verbatim as another has related it. Verbatim et literatim Etym:
[LL.], word for word, and letter for letter.

VERBENA
Ver*be"na, n. Etym: [L. See Vervain.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbaceous plants of which several species are
extensively cultivated for the great beauty of their flowers;
vervain.

Note: Verbena, or vervain, was used by the Greeks, the Romans, and
the Druids, in their sacred rites. Brewer. Essence of verbena, Oil of
verbena, a perfume prepared from the lemon verbena; also, a similar
perfume properly called grass oil. See Grass oil, under Grass.
 -- Lemon, or Sweet, verbena, a shrubby verbenaceous plant (Lippia
citriodora), with narrow leaves which exhale a pleasant, lemonlike
fragrance when crushed.

VERBENACEOUS
Ver`be*na"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order (Verbenaceæ) of
gamopetalous plants of which Verbena is the type. The order includes
also the black and white mangroves, and many plants noted for
medicinal use or for beauty of bloom.

VERBENATE
Ver"be*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Verbenated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Verbenating.] Etym: [L. verbenatus crowned with a wreath of sacred
boughs. See Verbena.]

Defn: To strew with verbena, or vervain, as in ancient sacrifices and
rites.

VERBERATE
Ver"ber*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. verberatus, p. p. of verberare to beat,
from verber a lash, a whip.]

Defn: To beat; to strike. [Obs.] "The sound . . . rebounds again and
verberates the skies." Mir. for Mag.

VERBERATION
Ver`ber*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. verberatio: cf. F. verbération.]

1. The act of verberating; a beating or striking. Arbuthnot.

2. The impulse of a body; which causes sound. [R.]

VERBIAGE
Ver"bi*age (; 48), n. Etym: [F. verbiage, from OF. verbe a word. See
Verb.]

Defn: The use of many words without necessity, or with little sense;
a superabundance of words; verbosity; wordiness.
Verbiage may indicate observation, but not thinking. W. Irving.
This barren verbiage current among men. Tennyson.

VERBIFY
Ver"bi*fy, v. t. Etym: [Verb + -fy.]

Defn: To make into a verb; to use as a verb; to verbalize. [R.]
Earle.

VERBIGERATE
Ver*big"er*ate, v. i.  [imp. & p. p. -ated; p. pr. & vb. n. -ating.]
[L. verbigerate, -atum, to talk.]

1. To talk; chat. [Obs.]

2.  (Med.) To repeat a word or sentence, in speaking or writing,
without wishing to do so or in spite of efforts to cease. --
Ver*big`er*a"tion (#), n.

VERBOSE
Ver*bose", a. Etym: [L. verbosus, from verbum a word. See Verb.]

Defn: Abounding in words; using or containing more words than are
necessary; tedious by a multiplicity of words; prolix; wordy; as, a
verbose speaker; a verbose argument.
Too verbose in their way of speaking. Ayliffe.
-- Ver*bose"ly, adv.
 -- Ver*bose"ness, n.

VERBOSITY
Ver*bos"i*ty n.; pl. Verbosities. Etym: [L. verbositas: cf. F.
verbosité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being verbose; the use of more words
than are necessary; prolixity; wordiness; verbiage.
The worst fault, by far, is the extreme diffuseness and verbosity of
his style. Jeffrey.

VERD
Verd, n. Etym: [See Vert, Verdant.]

1. (Eng. Forest Law)
(a) The privilege of cutting green wood within a forest for fuel.
(b) The right of pasturing animals in a forest. Burrill.

2. Greenness; freshness. [Obs.] Nares.

VERDANCY
Ver"dan*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being verdant.

VERDANT
Ver"dant, a. Etym: [F. verdoyant, p. pr. of verdoyer to be verdant,
to grow green, OF. verdoier, verdeier, fr. verd, vert, green, fr. L.
viridis green, fr. virere to be green: cf. OF. verdant verdant, L.
viridans, p. pr. of viridare to make green. Cf. Farthingale,
Verjuice, Vert.]

1. Covered with growing plants or grass; green; fresh; flourishing;
as, verdant fields; a verdant lawn.
Let the earth Put forth the verdant grass. Milton.

2. Unripe in knowledge or judgment; unsophisticated; raw; green; as,
a verdant youth. [Colloq.]

VERD ANTIQUE
Verd` an*tique". Etym: [F. vert antique a kind of marble; verd, vert,
green + antique ancient: cf. It. verde antico.] (Min.)
(a) A mottled-green serpentine marble.
(b) A green porphyry called oriental verd antique.

VERDANTLY
Ver"dant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a verdant manner.

VERDERER; VERDEROR
Ver"der*er, Ver"der*or, n. Etym: [F. verdier, LL. viridarius, fr. L.
viridis green.] (Eng. Forest Law)

Defn: An officer who has the charge of the king's forest, to preserve
the vert and venison, keep the assizes, view, receive, and enroll
attachments and presentments of all manner of trespasses. Blackstone.

VERDICT
Ver"dict, n. Etym: [OE. verdit, OF. verdit, veirdit, LL. verdictum,
veredictum; L. vere truly (fr. verus true) + dictum a saying, a word,
fr. dicere, dictum, to say. See Very, and Dictum.]

1. (Law)

Defn: The answer of a jury given to the court concerning any matter
of fact in any cause, civil or criminal, committed to their
examination and determination; the finding or decision of a jury on
the matter legally submitted to them in the course of the trial of a
cause.

Note: The decision of a judge or referee, upon an issue of fact, is
not called a verdict, but a finding, or a finding of fact. Abbott.

2. Decision; judgment; opinion pronounced; as, to be condemned by the
verdict of the public.
These were enormities condemned by the most natural verdict of common
humanity. South.
Two generations have since confirmed the verdict which was pronounced
on that night. Macaulay.

VERDIGRIS
Ver"di*gris, n. Etym: [F. vert-de-gris, apparently from verd, vert,
green + de of + gris gray, but really a corruption of LL. viride
aeris (equivalent to L. aerugo), from L. viridis green + aes, aeris,
brass. See Verdant, and 2d Ore.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A green poisonous substance used as a pigment and drug,
obtained by the action of acetic acid on copper, and consisting
essentially of a complex mixture of several basic copper acetates.

2. The green rust formed on copper. [Colloq.]

Note: This rust is a carbonate of copper, and should not be
confounded with true verdigris. U. S. Disp. Blue verdigris (Chem.), a
verdigris having a blue color, used a pigment, etc.
 -- Distilled verdigris (Old Chem.), an acid copper acetate; -- so
called because the acetic acid used in making it was obtained from
distilled vinegar.
 -- Verdigris green, clear bluish green, the color of verdigris.

VERDIGRIS
Ver"di*gris, v. t.

Defn: To cover, or coat, with verdigris. [R.] "An old verdigrised
brass bugle." Hawthorne.

VERDIN
Ver"din, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. verdino bright green, F. verdin the
yellow-hammer.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small yellow-headed bird (Auriparus flaviceps) of Lower
California, allied to the titmice; -- called also goldtit.

VERDINE
Ver"dine, n. Etym: [F. verd, vert, green.] (Chem.)

Defn: A commercial name for green aniline dye.

VERDINGALE
Ver"din*gale, n.

Defn: See Farthingale. [Spelled also verdingall.] [Obs.]

VERDIT
Ver"dit, n.

Defn: Verdict. Chaucer.

VERDITER
Ver"di*ter, n. Etym: [F. vert-de-terre, literally, green of earth.]
(Chem.)
(a) Verdigris. [Obs.]
(b) Either one of two pigments (called blue verditer, and green
verditer) which are made by treating copper nitrate with calcium
carbonate (in the form of lime, whiting, chalk, etc.) They consist of
hydrated copper carbonates analogous to the minerals azurite and
malachite. Verditer blue, a pale greenish blue color, like that of
the pigment verditer.

VERDITURE
Ver"di*ture, n. Etym: [Cf. Verditer.]

Defn: The faintest and palest green.

VERDOY
Ver"doy, a. Etym: [F. verdoyer to become green. See Verdant.] (Her.)

Defn: Charged with leaves, fruits, flowers, etc.; -- said of a
border.

VERDURE
Ver"dure, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. viridis green. See Verdant.]

Defn: Green; greenness; freshness of vegetation; as, the verdure of
the meadows in June.
A wide expanse of living verdure, cultivated gardens, shady groves,
fertile cornfields, flowed round it like a sea. Motley.

VERDURED
Ver"dured, a.

Defn: Covered with verdure. Poe.

VERDURELESS
Ver"dure*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of verdure.

VERDUROUS
Ver"dur*ous, a.

Defn: Covered with verdure; clothed with the fresh green of
vegetation; verdured; verdant; as, verdurous pastures. Milton.

VERECUND
Ver"e*cund, a. Etym: [L. verecundus, fr. vereri to feel awe.]

Defn: Rashful; modest. [Obs.]

VERECUNDIOUS
Ver`e*cun"di*ous, a.

Defn: Verecund. [Obs.] "Verecundious generosity." Sir H. Wotton.

VERECUNDITY
Ver`e*cun"di*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being verecund; modesty. [Obs.]

VEREIN
Ver*ein", n. [G.]

Defn: A union, association, or society; -- used in names of German
organizations.

VERETILLUM
Ver`e*til"lum, n. Etym: [L., dim. of veretrum the private parts.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of club-shaped, compound Alcyonaria
belonging to Veretillum and allied genera, of the tribe Pennatulacea.
The whole colony can move about as if it were a simple animal.

VERGALIEN; VERGALOO
Ver"ga*lien, Ver"ga*loo, n. Etym: [Cf. Virgouleuse.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Virgalieu.

VERGE
Verge, n. Etym: [F. verge, L. virga; perhaps akin to E. wisp.]

1. A rod or staff, carried as an emblem of authority; as, the verge,
carried before a dean.

2. The stick or wand with which persons were formerly admitted
tenants, they holding it in the hand, and swearing fealty to the
lord. Such tenants were called tenants by the verge. [Eng.]

3. (Eng. Law)

Defn: The compass of the court of Marshalsea and the Palace court,
within which the lord steward and the marshal of the king's household
had special jurisdiction; -- so called from the verge, or staff,
which the marshal bore.

4. A virgate; a yardland. [Obs.]

5. A border, limit, or boundary of a space; an edge, margin, or brink
of something definite in extent.
Even though we go to the extreme verge of possibility to invent a
supposition favorable to it, the theory . . . implies an absurdity.
J. S. Mill.
But on the horizon's verge descried, Hangs, touched with light, one
snowy sail. M. Arnold.

6. A circumference; a circle; a ring.
The inclusive verge Of golden metal that must round my brow. Shak.

7. (Arch.)
(a) The shaft of a column, or a small ornamental shaft. Oxf. Gloss.
(b) The edge of the tiling projecting over the gable of a roof.
Encyc. Brit.

8. (Horol.)

Defn: The spindle of a watch balance, especially one with pallets, as
in the old vertical escapement. See under Escapement.

9. (Hort.)
(a) The edge or outside of a bed or border.
(b) A slip of grass adjoining gravel walks, and dividing them from
the borders in a parterre.

10. The penis.

11. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The external male organ of certain mollusks, worms, etc. See
Illustration in Appendix.

Syn.
 -- Border; edge; rim; brim; margin; brink.

VERGE
Verge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Verged; p. pr. & vb. n. Verging.] Etym:
[L. vergere to bend, turn, incline; cf. Skr. v to turn.]

1. To border upon; to tend; to incline; to come near; to approach.

2. To tend downward; to bend; to slope; as, a hill verges to the
north.
Our soul, from original instinct, vergeth towards him as its center.
Barrow.
I find myself verging to that period of life which is to be labor and
sorrow. Swift.

VERGEBOARD
Verge"board`, n. Etym: [Verge + board. Cf. Bargeboard.] (Arch.)

Defn: The ornament of woodwork upon the gable of a house, used
extensively in the 15th century. It was generally suspended from the
edge of the projecting roof (see Verge, n., 4), and in position
parallel to the gable wall. Called also bargeboard.

VERGENCY
Ver"gen*cy, n.

1. The act of verging or approaching; tendency; approach. [R.]

2. (Opt.)

Defn: The reciprocal of the focal distance of a lens, used as measure
of the divergence or convergence of a pencil of rays. [R.] Humphrey
Lloyd.

VERGER
Ver"ger, n. Etym: [F. verger, from verge a rod. See 1st Verge.]

Defn: One who carries a verge, or emblem of office. Specifically: --
(a) An attendant upon a dignitary, as on a bishop, a dean, a justice,
etc. [Eng.] Strype.
(b) The official who takes care of the interior of a church building.

VERGER
Ver"ger, n.

Defn: A garden or orchard. [Obs.]

VERGETTE
Ver`get`té", a. Etym: [Cf. F. vergeté.]

Defn: Divided by pallets, or pales; paly. W. Berry.

VERGETTE
Ver*gette", n. (Her.)

Defn: A small pale.

VERIDICAL
Ve*rid"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. veridicus; verus true + dicere to say,
tell.]

Defn: Truth-telling; truthful; veracious. [R.] Carlyle.

VERIFIABLE
Ver"i*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being verified; confirmable. Bp. Hall.

VERIFICATION
Ver`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vérification.]

1. The act of verifying, or the state of being verified;
confirmation; authentication.

2. (Law)
(a) Confirmation by evidence.
(b) A formal phrase used in concluding a plea. Verification of an
equation (Math.), the operation of testing the equation of a problem,
to see whether it expresses truly the conditions of the problem.
Davies & Peck. (Math. Dict.)

VERIFICATIVE
Ver"i*fi*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Serving to verify; verifying; authenciating; confirming.

VERIFIER
Ver"i*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, verifies.

VERIFY
Ver"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Verified; p. pr. & vb. n. Verifying.]
Etym: [F. vérifier, LL. verificare, from L. verus true + -ficare to
make. See Very, and -fy.]

1. To prove to be true or correct; to establish the truth of; to
confirm; to substantiate.
This is verified by a number of examples. Bacon.
So shalt thou best fulfill, best verify. The prophets old, who sung
thy endless reign. Milton.

2. To confirm or establish the authenticity of by examination or
competent evidence; to authenciate; as, to verify a written
statement; to verify an account, a pleading, or the like.
To verify our title with their lives. Shak.

3. To maintain; to affirm; to support. [Obs.] Shak.

VERILOQUENT
Ve*ril"o*quent, a. Etym: [L. verus true + speaking.]

Defn: Speaking truth; truthful. [Obs.]

VERILY
Ver"i*ly, adv. Etym: [From Very.]

Defn: In very truth; beyond doubt or question; in fact; certainly.
Bacon.
Trust in the Lord and do good; so shalt thou dwell in the verily thou
shalt be fed. Ps. xxxvii. 3.

VERINE
Ver"ine, n. Etym: [Contr. from veratrine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid obtained as a yellow amorphous substance by the
decomposition of veratrine.

VERISIMILAR
Ver`i*sim"i*lar, a. Etym: [L. verisimilis; verus true + similis like,
similar. See Very, and Similar.]

Defn: Having the appearance of truth; probable; likely. "How
verisimilar it looks." Carlyle.

VERISIMILITUDE
Ver`i*si*mil"i*tude, n. Etym: [L. verisimilitudo: cf. OF.
verisimilitude. See Verisimilar.]

Defn: The quality or state of being verisimilar; the appearance of
truth; probability; likelihood.
Verisimilitude and opinion are an easy purchase; but true knowledge
is dear and difficult. Glanvill.
All that gives verisimilitude to a narrative. Sir. W. Scott.

VERISIMILITY
Ver`i*si*mil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Verisimilitude. [Obs.]
The verisimility or probable truth. Sir T. Browne.

VERISIMILOUS
Ver`i*sim"i*lous, a.

Defn: Verisimilar. [Obs.]

VERITABLE
Ver"i*ta*ble, a. Etym: [F. véritable. See Verity.]

Defn: Agreeable to truth or to fact; actual; real; true; genuine.
"The veritable Deity." Sir W. Hamilton.
 -- Ver"i*ta*bly, adv.

VERITAS
Ver"i*tas, n. Etym: [Cf. F. véritas. See Verity.]

Defn: The Bureau Veritas. See under Bureau.

VERITY
Ver"i*ty, n.; pl. Verities. Etym: [F. vérité, L. veritas, fr. verus
true. See Very.]

1. The quality or state of being true, or real; consonance of a
statement, proposition, or other thing, with fact; truth; reality.
"The verity of certain words." Shak.
It is a proposition of eternal verity, that none can govern while he
is despised. South.

2. That which is true; a true assertion or tenet; a truth; a reality.
Mark what I say, which you shall find By every syllable a faithful
verity. Shak.

VERJUICE
Ver"juice`, n. Etym: [OE. vergeous, F. verjus, that is, the juice of
green fruits; verd, vert, green + jus juice. See Verdant, and Juice.]

1. The sour juice of crab apples, of green or unripe grapes, apples,
etc.; also, an acid liquor made from such juice.

2. Tartness; sourness, as of disposition.

VERMEIL
Ver"meil, n. Etym: [F., vermilion, fr. LL. vermiculus, fr. L.
vermiculus a little worm, the coccus Indicus, from vermis a worm. See
Worm, and cf. Vermicule.]

1. Vermilion; also, the color of vermilion, a bright, beautiful red.
[Poetic & R.]
In her cheeks the vermeil red did show Like roses in a bed of lilies
shed. Spenser.

2. Silver gilt or gilt bronze.

3. A liquid composition applied to a gilded surface to give luster to
the gold. Knight.

VERMEOLOGIST
Ver`me*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who treats of vermes, or worms; a helminthologist.

VERMEOLOGY
Ver`me*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. vermes worms + -logy.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A discourse or treatise on worms; that part of zoölogy which
treats of worms; helminthology. [R.]

VERMES
Ver"mes, n. pl. Etym: [L. vermes, pl. of vermis a worm.] (Zoöl.)
(a) An extensive artificial division of the animal kingdom, including
the parasitic worms, or helminths, together with the nemerteans,
annelids, and allied groups. By some writers the branchiopods, the
bryzoans, and the tunicates are also included. The name was used in a
still wider sense by Linnæus and his followers.
(b) A more restricted group, comprising only the helminths and
closely allied orders.

VERMETID
Ver"me*tid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of vermetus.

VERMETUS
Ver*me"tus, n. Etym: [NL., from L. vermis worm.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of many species of marine gastropods belonging to
Vermetus and allied genera, of the family Vermetidæ. Their shells are
regularly spiral when young, but later in life the whorls become
separate, and the shell is often irregularly bent and contorted like
a worm tube.

VERMICELLI
Ver`mi*cel"li, n. Etym: [It., pl. of vermicello, literally, a little
worm, dim. of verme a worm, L. vermis. See Worm, and cf. Vermicule,
Vermeil.]

Defn: The flour of a hard and small-grained wheat made into dough,
and forced through small cylinders or pipes till it takes a slender,
wormlike form, whence the Italian name. When the paste is made in
larger tubes, it is called macaroni.

VERMICIDE
Ver"mi*cide, n. Etym: [L. vermis a worm + caedere to kill.]

Defn: A medicine which destroys intestinal worms; a worm killer.
Pereira.

VERMICIOUS
Ver*mi"cious, a. Etym: [L. vermis a worm.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to worms; wormy.

VERMICULAR
Ver*mic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. vermiculus a little worm, dim. of vermis
a worm: cf. F. vermiculaire. See Vermicelli.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a worm or worms; resembling a worm; shaped
like a worm; especially, resembling the motion or track of a worm;
as, the vermicular, or peristaltic, motion of the intestines. See
Peristaltic. "A twisted form vermicular." Cowper.

VERMICULATE
Ver*mic"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vermiculated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vermiculating.] Etym: [L. vermiculatus inlaid so as to resemble the
tracks of worms, p. p. of vermiculari to be full of worms, vermiculus
a little worm. See Vermicular.]

Defn: To form or work, as by inlaying, with irregular lines or
impressions resembling the tracks of worms, or appearing as if formed
by the motion of worms.

VERMICULATE
Ver*mic"u*late, a.

1. Wormlike in shape; covered with wormlike elevations; marked with
irregular fine lines of color, or with irregular wavy impressed lines
like worm tracks; as, a vermiculate nut.

2. Crawling or creeping like a worm; hence, insinuating; sophistical.
"Vermiculate questions." Bacon. "Vermiculate logic." R. Choate.

VERMICULATED
Ver*mic"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: Made or marked with irregular wavy lines or impressions;
vermiculate. Vermiculated work, or Vermicular work (Arch.), rustic
work so wrought as to have the appearance of convoluted worms, or of
having been eaten into by, or covered with tracks of, worms. Gwilt.

VERMICULATION
Ver*mic`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. vermiculatio a being worm-eaten.]

1. The act or operation of moving in the manner of a worm;
continuation of motion from one part to another; as, the
vermiculation, or peristaltic motion, of the intestines.

2. The act of vermiculating, or forming or inlaying so as to resemble
the motion, track, or work of a worm.

3. Penetration by worms; the state of being wormeaten.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very fine wavy crosswise color marking, or a patch of such
markings, as on the feathers of birds.

VERMICULE
Ver"mi*cule, n. Etym: [L. vermiculus, dim. of vermis a worm. See
Vermicular.]

Defn: A small worm or insect larva; also, a wormlike body. [R.]
Derham.

VERMICULITE
Ver*mic"u*lite, n. Etym: [L. vermiculus, dim. of vermis worm.] (Min.)

Defn: A group of minerals having, a micaceous structure. They are
hydrous silicates, derived generally from the alteration of some kind
of mica. So called because the scales, when heated, open out into
wormlike forms.

VERMICULOSE; VERMICULOUS
Ver*mic"u*lose`, Ver*mic"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. vermiculosus. See
Vermicule.]

Defn: Containing, or full of, worms; resembling worms.

VERMIFORM
Ver"mi*form, a. Etym: [L. vermis a worm + -form.]

Defn: Resembling a worm in form or motions; vermicular; as, the
vermiform process of the cerebellum. Vermiform appendix (Anat.), a
slender blind process of the cæcum in man and some other animals; --
called also vermiform appendage, and vermiform process. Small solid
bodies, such as grape seeds or cherry stones, sometimes lodge in it,
causing serious, or even fatal, inflammation. See Illust. under
Digestion.

VERMIFORMIA
Ver`mi*for"mi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of worms including Phoronis. See Phoronis.

VERMIFUGAL
Ver*mif"u*gal, a. Etym: [L. vermis a worm + fugare to drive away, fr.
fugere to flee. See Worm, and Fugitive.] (Med.)

Defn: Tending to prevent, destroy, or expel, worms or vermin;
anthelmintic.

VERMIFUGE
Ver"mi*fuge, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vermifuge. See Vermifugal.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicine or substance that expels worms from animal bodies;
an anthelmintic.

VERMIL
Ver"mil, n.

Defn: See Vermeil. [Obs.] Spenser.

VERMILINGUIA
Ver`mi*lin"gui*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. vermis worm + lingua
tongue.] [Called also Vermilingues.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A tribe of edentates comprising the South American ant-eaters.
The tongue is long, slender, exsertile, and very flexible, whence the
name.
(b) A tribe of Old World lizards which comprises the chameleon. They
have long, flexible tongues.

VERMILION
Ver*mil"ion, n. Etym: [F. vermillon. See Vermeil.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A bright red pigment consisting of mercuric sulphide, obtained
either from the mineral cinnabar or artificially. It has a fine red
color, and is much used in coloring sealing wax, in printing, etc.

Note: The kermes insect has long been used for dyeing red or scarlet.
It was formerly known as the worm dye, vermiculus, or vermiculum, and
the cloth was called vermiculatia. Hence came the French vermeil for
any red dye, and hence the modern name vermilion, although the
substance it denotes is very different from the kermes, being a
compound of mercury and sulphur. R. Hunt.

2. Hence, a red color like the pigment; a lively and brilliant red;
as, cheeks of vermilion.

VERMILION
Ver*mil"ion, v. t.

Defn: To color with vermilion, or as if with vermilion; to dye red;
to cover with a delicate red.

VERMILY
Ver"mi*ly, n.

Defn: Vermeil. [Obs.] Spenser.

VERMIN
Ver"min, n. sing. & pl.; used chiefly as plural. Etym: [OE. vermine,
F. vermine, from L. vermis a worm; cf. LL. vermen a worm, L.
verminosus full of worms. See Vermicular, Worm.]

1. An animal, in general. [Obs.]
Wherein were all manner of fourfooted beasts of the earth, and
vermin, and worms, and fowls. Acts x. 12. (Geneva Bible).
This crocodile is a mischievous fourfooted beast, a dangerous vermin,
used to both elements. Holland.

2. A noxious or mischievous animal; especially, noxious little
animals or insects, collectively, as squirrels, rats, mice, flies,
lice, bugs, etc. "Cruel hounds or some foul vermin." Chaucer.
Great injuries these vermin, mice and rats, do in the field.
Mortimer.
They disdain such vermin when the mighty boar of the forest . . . is
before them. Burke.

3. Hence, in contempt, noxious human beings.
You are my prisoners, base vermin. Hudibras.

VERMINATE
Ver"mi*nate, v. i. Etym: [L. verminare to have worms, fr. vermis a
worm.]

Defn: To breed vermin.

VERMINATION
Ver`mi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. verminatio the worms, a disease of
animals, a crawling, itching pain.]

1. The generation or breeding of vermin. Derham.

2. A griping of the bowels.

VERMINLY
Ver"min*ly, a. & adv.

Defn: Resembling vermin; in the manner of vermin. [Obs.] Gauden.

VERMINOUS
Ver"min*ous, a. Etym: [L. verminosus, fr. vermis a worm: cf. F.
vermineux.]

1. Tending to breed vermin; infested by vermin.
Some . . . verminous disposition of the body. Harvey.

2. Caused by, or arising from the presence of, vermin; as, verminous
disease.

VERMINOUSLY
Ver"min*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a verminous manner.

VERMIPAROUS
Ver*mip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. vermis a worm + parere to bring forth.]

Defn: Producing or breeding worms. "Vermiparous animals." Sir T.
Browne.

VERMIVOROUS
Ver*miv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. vermis a worm + vorare to devour: cf. F.
vermivore.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Devouring worms; feeding on worms; as, vermivorous birds.

VERMUTH
Ver"muth, n. Etym: [F. vermout.]

Defn: A liqueur made of white wine, absinthe, and various aromatic
drugs, used to excite the appetite. [Written also vermouth.]

VERNACLE
Ver"na*cle, n.

Defn: See Veronica, 1. [Obs.]

VERNACULAR
Ver*nac"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. vernaculus born in one's house, native,
fr. verna a slave born in his master's house, a native, probably akin
to Skr. vas to dwell, E. was.]

Defn: Belonging to the country of one's birth; one's own by birth or
nature; native; indigenous; -- now used chiefly of language; as,
English is our vernacular language. "A vernacular disease." Harvey.
His skill the vernacular dialect of the Celtic tongue. Fuller.
Which in our vernacular idiom may be thus interpreted. Pope.

VERNACULAR
Ver*nac"u*lar, n.

Defn: The vernacular language; one's mother tongue; often, the common
forms of expression in a particular locality.

VERNACULARISM
Ver*nac"u*lar*ism, n.

Defn: A vernacular idiom.

VERNACULARIZATION
Ver*nac"u*lar*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of making vernacular, or the state of being
made vernacular. Fitzed. Hall.

VERNACULARLY
Ver*nac"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a vernacular manner; in the vernacular. Earle.

VERNACULOUS
Ver*nac"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. vernaculus. See Vernacular.]

1. Vernacular. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. Etym: [L. vernaculi, pl., buffoons, jesters.]

Defn: Scoffing; scurrilous. [A Latinism. Obs.] "Subject to the
petulancy of every vernaculous orator." B. Jonson.

VERNAGE
Ver"nage, n. Etym: [It. vernaccia.]

Defn: A kind of sweet wine from Italy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

VERNAL
Ver"nal, a. Etym: [L. vernalis, fr. vernus vernal, ver spring; akin
to Gr. vasanta, Icel. var, and E. Easter, east.]

1. Of or pertaining to the spring; appearing in the spring; as,
vernal bloom.

2. Fig.: Belonging to youth, the spring of life.
When after the long vernal day of life. Thomson.
And seems it hard thy vernal years Few vernal joys can show Keble.

Vernal equinox (Astron.), the time when the sun crosses the equator
when proceeding northward.
 -- Vernal grass (Bot.), a low, soft grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum),
producing in the spring narrow spikelike panicles, and noted for the
delicious fragrance which it gives to new-mown hay; -- also called
sweet vernal grass. See Illust. in Appendix.
 -- Vernal signs (Astron.), the signs, Aries, Taurus, and Gemini, in
which the sun appears between the vernal equinox and summer solstice.

VERNANT
Ver"nant, a. Etym: [L. vernans, p. pr. vernare to flourish, from ver
spring.]

Defn: Flourishing, as in spring; vernal. [Obs.] "Vernant flowers."
Milton.

VERNATE
Ver"nate, v. i. Etym: [See Vernant.]

Defn: To become young again. [Obs.]

VERNATION
Ver*na"tion, n. Etym: [F. vernation: cf. L. vernatio the sloughing of
the skin of snakes.] (Bot.)

Defn: The arrangement of the leaves within the leaf bud, as regards
their folding, coiling, rolling, etc.; prefoliation.

VERNER'S LAW
Ver"ner's law. (Philol.)

Defn: A statement, propounded by the Danish philologist Karl Verner
in 1875, which explains certain apparent exceptions to Grimm's law by
the original position of the accent. Primitive Indo-European k, t, p,
became first in Teutonic h, th, f, and appear without further change
in old Teutonic, if the accent rested on the preceding syllable; but
these sounds became voiced and produced g, d, b, if the accent was
originally on a different syllable. Similarly s either remained
unchanged, or it became z and later r. Example: Skt. sapta (accent on
ultima), Gr. 'e`pta, Gothic sibun (seven). Examples in English are
dead by the side of death, to rise and to rear.

VERNICLE
Ver"ni*cle, n.

Defn: A Veronica. See Veronica, 1. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
A vernicle had he sowed upon his cap. Chaucer.

VERNICOSE
Ver"ni*cose`, a. Etym: [See Varnish.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having a brilliantly polished surface, as some leaves.

VERNIER
Ver"ni*er, n. Etym: [So named after the inventor, Pierre Vernier.]

Defn: A short scale made to slide along the divisions of a graduated
instrument, as the limb of a sextant, or the scale of a barometer,
for indicating parts of divisions. It is so graduated that a certain
convenient number of its divisions are just equal to a certain
number, either one less or one more, of the divisions of the
instrument, so that parts of a division are determined by observing
what line on the vernier coincides with a line on the instrument.
Vernier calipers, Vernier gauge, a gauge with a graduated bar and a
sliding jaw bearing a vernier, used for accurate measurements.
 -- Vernier compass, a surveyor's compass with a vernier for the
accurate adjustment of the zero point in accordance with magnetic
variation.
 -- Vernier transit, a surveyor's transit instrument with a vernier
compass.

VERNILE
Ver"nile, a. Etym: [L. vernilis servile. See Vernacular.]

Defn: Suiting a salve; servile; obsequious. [R.]
The example . . . of vernile scurrility. De Quincey.

VERNILITY
Ver*nil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. vernilitas.]

Defn: Fawning or obsequious behavior; servility. [R.] Bailey.

VERNINE
Ver"nine, n. Etym: [Vernal + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid extracted from the shoots of the vetch, red clover,
etc., as a white crystalline substance.

VERNISH
Ver"nish, n. & v.

Defn: Varnish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

VERNONIN
Ver"no*nin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside extracted from the root of a South African plant of
the genus Vernonia, as a deliquescent powder, and used as a mild
heart tonic.

VERONESE
Ver`o*nese", a. Etym: [It. Veronese.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Verona, in Italy.
 -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native of Verona; collectively, the people of Verona.

VERONICA
Ve*ron"i*ca, n. Etym: [LL.; -- so called from Veronica, a woman who,
according to an old legend, as Christ was carrying the cross, wiped
his face with a cloth, which received an impression of his
countenance; Veronica is fr. MGr.

1. A portrait or representation of the face of our Savior on the
alleged handkerchief of Saint Veronica, preserved at Rome; hence, a
representation of this portrait, or any similar representation of the
face of the Savior. Formerly called also Vernacle, and Vernicle.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus scrophulariaceous plants; the speedwell. See Speedwell.

Note: Several herbaceous species are common in both Europe and
America, most of which have small blue flowers. A few shrubby species
from New Zealand are sometimes found in cultivation.

VERRAY
Ver"ray, a.

Defn: Very; true. [Obs.] Chaucer.

VERRAYMENT
Ver"ray*ment, adv. Etym: [OF. veraiement. See Very.]

Defn: Verily; truly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

VERREL
Ver"rel, n.

Defn: See Ferrule. [Obs.]

VERRICULATE
Ver*ric"u*late, a. Etym: [L. verriculum a net, seine.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having thickset tufts of parallel hairs, bristles, or branches.

VERRUCA
Ver*ru"ca, n.; pl. Verrucæ (#). [L. Cf. Verrugas.]

1. (Med.) A wart.

2.  (Zoöl.) A wartlike elevation or roughness.

VERRUCIFORM
Ver*ru"ci*form, a. Etym: [L. verruca wart + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like a wart or warts.

VERRUCOSE
Ver"ru*cose`, a. Etym: [L. verrucosus, fr. verruca a wart.]

Defn: Covered with wartlike elevations; tuberculate; warty;
verrucous; as, a verrucose capsule.

VERRUCOUS
Ver"ru*cous, a.

Defn: Verrucose.

VERRUCULOSE
Ver*ru"cu*lose`, a. Etym: [L. verrucula, dim. of verruca a wart.]

Defn: Minutely verrucose; as, a verruculose leaf or stalk.

VERRUGAS
Ver*ru"gas, n. [Sp., warts. Cf. Verruca.] (Med.)

Defn: An endemic disease occurring in the Andes in Peru,
characterized by warty tumors which ulcerate and bleed. It is
probably due to a special bacillus, and is often fatal.

VERS
Vers, n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A verse or verses. See Verse. [Obs.] "Ten vers or twelve."
Chaucer.

VERSABILITY
Ver`sa*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being versable. [R.] Sterne

VERSABLE
Ver"sa*ble, a. Etym: [L. versabilis: cf. F. versable. See Versatile.]

Defn: Capable of being turned. [R.]

VERSABLENESS
Ver"sa*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Versability. [R.]

VERSAL
Ver"sal, a.

Defn: Universal. [Obs. or Colloq.] Shak.

VERSANT
Ver"sant, a. Etym: [L. versans, p. pr. versare to turn abound
frequently, to turn over in the mind, to meditate. See Versatile.]

Defn: Familiar; conversant. [R.]
Men not versant with courts of justice. Sydney Smith.

VERSANT
Ver"sant, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The slope of a side of a mountain chain; hence, the general
slope of a country; aspect.

VERSATILE
Ver"sa*tile, a. Etym: [L. versatilis, fr. versare to turn around, v.
freq. of vertere: cf. F. versatile. See Verse.]

1. Capable of being turned round. Harte.

2. Liable to be turned in opinion; changeable; variable; unsteady;
inconstant; as versatile disposition.

3. Turning with ease from one thing to another; readily applied to a
new task, or to various subjects; many-sided; as, versatile genius; a
versatile politician.
Conspicuous among the youths of high promise . . . was the quick and
versatile [Charles] Montagu. Macaulay.

4. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Capable of turning; freely movable; as, a versatile anther,
which is fixed at one point to the filament, and hence is very easily
turned around; a versatile toe of a bird.
 -- Ver"sa*tile*ly, adv.
 -- -- Ver"sa*tile*ness, n.

VERSATILITY
Ver`sa*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. versatilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being versatile; versatileness.

VERS DE SOCIETE
Vers` de so`cié`té". Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Society verses, under Society.

VERSE
Verse, n. Etym: [OE. vers, AS. fers, L. versus a line in writing,
and, in poetry, a verse, from vertere, versum, to turn, to turn
round; akin to E. worth to become: cf. F. vers. See Worth to become,
and cf. Advertise, Averse, Controversy, Convert, Divers, Invert,
Obverse, Prose, Suzerain, Vortex.]

1. A line consisting of a certain number of metrical feet (see Foot,
n., 9) disposed according to metrical rules.

Note: Verses are of various kinds, as hexameter, pentameter,
tetrameter, etc., according to the number of feet in each. A verse of
twelve syllables is called an Alexandrine. Two or more verses form a
stanza or strophe.

2. Metrical arrangement and language; that which is composed in
metrical form; versification; poetry.
Such prompt eloquence Flowed from their lips in prose or numerous
verse. Milton.
Virtue was taught in verse. Prior.
Verse embalms virtue. Donne.

3. A short division of any composition. Specifically: --
(a) A stanza; a stave; as, a hymn of four verses.

Note: Although this use of verse is common, it is objectionable,
because not always distinguishable from the stricter use in the sense
of a line.
(b) (Script.) One of the short divisions of the chapters in the Old
and New Testaments.

Note: The author of the division of the Old Testament into verses is
not ascertained. The New Testament was divided into verses by Robert
Stephens [or Estienne], a French printer. This arrangement appeared
for the first time in an edition printed at Geneva, in 1551.
(c) (Mus.) A portion of an anthem to be performed by a single voice
to each part.

4. A piece of poetry. "This verse be thine." Pope. Blank verse,
poetry in which the lines do not end in rhymes.
 -- Heroic verse. See under Heroic.

VERSE
Verse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Versed; p. pr. & vb. n. Versing.]

Defn: To tell in verse, or poetry. [Obs.]
Playing on pipes of corn and versing love. Shak.

VERSE
Verse, v. i.

Defn: To make verses; to versify. [Obs.]
It is not rhyming and versing that maketh a poet. Sir P. Sidney.

VERSED
Versed, a. Etym: [Cf. F. versé, L. versatus, p. p. of versari to turn
about frequently, to turn over, to be engaged in a thing, passive of
versare. See Versant, a.]

Defn: Acquainted or familiar, as the result of experience, study,
practice, etc.; skilled; practiced.
Deep versed in books and shallow in himself. Milton.
Opinions . . . derived from studying the Scriptures, wherein he was
versed beyond any person of his age. Southey.
These men were versed in the details of business. Macaulay.

VERSED
Versed, a. Etym: [L. versus turned, p. p. vertere. See 1st Versed.]
(Math.)

Defn: Turned. Versed sine. See under Sine, and Illust. of Functions.

VERSEMAN
Verse"man, n.

Defn: Same as Versemonger. Prior.

VERSEMONGER
Verse"mon`ger, n.

Defn: A writer of verses; especially, a writer of commonplace poetry;
a poetaster; a rhymer; -- used humorously or in contempt.

VERSER
Vers"er, n.

Defn: A versifier. B. Jonson.

VERSET
Vers"et, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A verse. [Obs.] Milton.

VERSICLE
Ver"si*cle, n. Etym: [L. versiculus, dim. of versus. See Verse.]

Defn: A little verse; especially, a short verse or text said or sung
in public worship by the priest or minister, and followed by a
response from the people.
The psalms were in number fifteen, . . . being digested into
versicles. Strype.

VERSICOLOR; VERSICOLORED
Ver"si*col`or, Ver"si*col`ored, a. Etym: [L. versicolor; versare to
change + color color.]

Defn: Having various colors; changeable in color. "Versicolor, sweet-
smelling flowers." Burton.

VERSICULAR
Ver*sic"u*lar, a. Etym: [See Versicle.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to verses; designating distinct divisions of a
writing.

VERSIFICATION
Ver`si*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. versificatio: cf. F. versification.]

Defn: The act, art, or practice, of versifying, or making verses; the
construction of poetry; metrical composition.

VERSIFICATOR
Ver"si*fi*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A versifier. [R.] "The best versificator next Virgil." Dryden.

VERSIFIER
Ver"si*fi`er, n.

1. One who versifies, or makes verses; as, not every versifier is a
poet. Dryden.

2. One who converts into verse; one who expresses in verse the ideas
of another written in prose; as, Dr. Watts was a versifier of the
Psalms.

VERSIFY
Ver"si*fy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Versified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Versifying.] Etym: [OE. versifien, F. versifier, L. versificare;
versus a verse + -ficare to make. See Verse, and -fy.]

Defn: To make verses.
I'll versify in spite, and do my best. Dryden.

VERSIFY
Ver"si*fy, v. t.

1. To relate or describe in verse; to compose in verse.
I'll versify the truth, not poetize. Daniel.

2. To turn into verse; to render into metrical form; as, to versify
the Psalms. Chaucer.

VERSION
Ver"sion, n. Etym: [F., from L. vertere, versum, to turn, to change,
to translate. See Verse.]

1. A change of form, direction, or the like; transformation;
conversion; turning.
The version of air into water. Bacon.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A condition of the uterus in which its axis is deflected from
its normal position without being bent upon itself. See Anteversion,
and Retroversion.

3. The act of translating, or rendering, from one language into
another language.

4. A translation; that which is rendered from another language; as,
the Common, or Authorized, Version of the Scriptures (see under
Authorized); the Septuagint Version of the Old Testament.

5. An account or description from a particular point of view,
especially as contrasted with another account; as, he gave another
version of the affair.

VERSIONIST
Ver"sion*ist, n.

Defn: One who makes or favors a version; a translator. [R.]

VERSO
Ver"so, n. Etym: [L. versus, p. p. of vertere to turn: cf. F. verso.]
(Print.)

Defn: The reverse, or left-hand, page of a book or a folded sheet of
paper; -- opposed to recto.

VERSOR
Ver"sor, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. vertere, versus, to turn. See
Version.] (Geom.)

Defn: The turning factor of a quaternion.

Note: The change of one vector into another is considered in
quaternions as made up of two operations; 1st, the rotation of the
first vector so that it shall be parallel to the second; 2d, the
change of length so that the first vector shall be equal to the
second. That which expresses in amount and kind the first operation
is a versor, and is denoted geometrically by a line at right angles
to the plane in which the rotation takes place, the length of this
line being proportioned to the amount of rotation. That which
expresses the second operation is a tensor. The product of the versor
and tensor expresses the total operation, and is called a quaternion.
See Quaternion. Quadrantal versor. See under Quadrantal.

VERST
Verst, n. Etym: [Russ. versta: cf. F. verste.]

Defn: A Russian measure of length containing 3,500 English feet.
[Written also werst.]

VERSUAL
Ver"su*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a verse.

VERSUS
Ver"sus, prep. Etym: [L., toward, turned in the direction of, from
vertere, versum, to turn. See Verse.]

Defn: Against; as, John Doe versus Richard Roe; -- chiefly used in
legal language, and abbreviated to v. or vs.

VERSUTE
Ver*sute", a. Etym: [L. versutus, fr. vertere, versum, to turn.]

Defn: Crafty; wily; cunning; artful. [R.]

VERT
Vert, n. Etym: [F., green, from L. viridis. See Verdant, and cf.
Verd.]

1. (Eng. Forest Law)
(a) Everything that grows, and bears a green leaf, within the forest;
as, to preserve vert and venison is the duty of the verderer.
(b) The right or privilege of cutting growing wood.

2. (Her.)

Defn: The color green, represented in a drawing or engraving by
parallel lines sloping downward toward the right.

VERTEBER
Ver"te*ber, n.

Defn: A vertebra. [Obs.]

VERTEBRA
Ver"te*bra, n.; pl. Vertebræ. Etym: [L. vertebra, fr. vertere to
turn, change. See Verse.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the serial segments of the spinal column.

Note: In many fishes the vertebræ are simple cartilaginous disks or
short cylinders, but in the higher vertebrates they are composed of
many parts, and the vertebræ in different portions of the same column
vary very greatly. A well-developed vertebra usually consists of a
more or less cylindrical and solid body, or centrum, which is
surmounted dorsally by an arch, leaving an opening which forms a part
of the canal containing the spinal cord. From this dorsal, or neural,
arch spring various processes, or apophyses, which have received
special names: a dorsal, or neural, spine, spinous process, or
neurapophysis, on the middle of the arch; two anterior and two
posterior articular processes, or zygapophyses; and one or two
transverse processes on each side. In those vertebræ which bear well-
developed ribs, a tubercle near the end of the rib articulates at a
tubercular facet on the transverse process (diapophysis), while the
end, or head, of the rib articulates at a more ventral capitular
facet which is sometimes developed into a second, or ventral,
transverse process (parapophysis). In vertebrates with well-developed
hind limbs, the spinal column is divided into five regions in each of
which the vertebræ are specially designated: those vertebræ in front
of, or anterior to, the first vertebra which bears ribs connected
with the sternum are cervical; all those which bear ribs and are back
of the cervicals are dorsal; the one or more directly supporting the
pelvis are sacral and form the sacrum; those between the sacral and
dorsal are lumbar; and all those back of the sacral are caudal, or
coccygeal. In man there are seven cervical vertebræ, twelve dorsal,
five lumbar, five sacral, and usually four, but sometimes five and
rarely three, coccygeal.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the central ossicles in each joint of the arms of an
ophiuran.

VERTEBRAL
Ver"te*bral, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vertébral.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a vertebræ, or the vertebral column;
spinal; rachidian.

2. Vertebrate.

VERTEBRAL
Ver"te*bral, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A vertebrate. [R.]

VERTEBRALLY
Ver"te*bral*ly, adv. (Anat.)

Defn: At or within a vertebra or vertebræ; -- distinguished from
interverterbrally.

VERTEBRARTERIAL
Ver`te*brar*te"ri*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a vertebræ and an artery; -- said of the
foramina in the transverse processes of cervical vertebræ and of the
canal which they form for the vertebral artery and vein.

VERTEBRATA
Ver`te*bra"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom, comprising
all animals that have a backbone composed of bony or cartilaginous
vertebræ, together with Amphioxus in which the backbone is
represented by a simple undivided notochord. The Vertebrata always
have a dorsal, or neural, cavity above the notochord or backbone, and
a ventral, or visceral, cavity below it. The subdivisions or classes
of Vertebrata are Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces,
Marsipobranchia, and Leptocardia.

VERTEBRATE
Ver"te*brate, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Vertebrata.

VERTEBRATE; VERTEBRATED
Ver"te*brate, Ver"te*bra`ted, a. Etym: [L. vertebratus.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Having a backbone, or vertebral column, containing the spinal
marrow, as man, quadrupeds, birds, amphibia, and fishes.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Contracted at intervals, so as to resemble the spine in
animals. Henslow.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having movable joints resembling vertebræ; -- said of the arms
ophiurans.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Vertebrata; -- used only in the form
vertebrate.

VERTEBRE
Ver"te*bre, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A vertebra. [Obs.]

VERTEBRO-
Ver"te*bro-.

Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with,
or relation to, a vertebra, vertebræ, or vertebral column; as in
vertebrocostal.

VERTEBRO-ILIAC
Ver"te*bro-il"i*ac, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Iliolumbar.

VERTEX
Ver"tex, n.; pl. Vertexes, L. Vertices. Etym: [L. vertex, -icis, a
whirl, top of the head, top, summit, from vertere to turn. See Verse,
and cf. Vortex.]

Defn: A turning point; the principal or highest point; top; summit;
crown; apex. Specifically: --(a) (Anat.)

Defn: The top, or crown, of the head.
(b) (Anat.) The zenith, or the point of the heavens directly
overhead.
(c) (Math.) The point in any figure opposite to, and farthest from,
the base; the terminating point of some particular line or lines in a
figure or a curve; the top, or the point opposite the base.

Note: The principal vertex of a conic section is, in the parabola,
the vertex of the axis of the curve: in the ellipse, either extremity
of either axis, but usually the left-hand vertex of the transverse
axis; in the hyperbola, either vertex, but usually the right-hand
vertex of the transverse axis. Vertex of a curve (Math.), the point
in which the axis of the curve intersects it.
 -- Vertex of an angle (Math.), the point in which the sides of the
angle meet.
 -- Vertex of a solid, or of a surface of revolution (Math.), the
point in which the axis pierces the surface.

VERTICAL
Ver"ti*cal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vertical. See Vertex.]

1. Of or pertaining to the vertex; situated at the vertex, or highest
point; directly overhead, or in the zenith; perpendicularly above
one.
Charity . . . is the vertical top of all religion. Jer. Taylor.

2. Perpendicular to the plane of the horizon; upright; plumb; as, a
vertical line. Vertical angle (Astron. & Geod.), an angle measured on
a vertical circle, called an angle of elevation, or altitude, when
reckoned from the horizon upward, and of depression when downward
below the horizon.
 -- Vertical anthers (Bot.), such anthers as stand erect at the top
of the filaments.
 -- Vertical circle (Astron.), an azimuth circle. See under Azimuth.
 -- Vertical drill, an drill. See under Upright.
 -- Vertical fire (Mil.), the fire, as of mortars, at high angles of
elevation.
 -- Vertical leaves (Bot.), leaves which present their edges to the
earth and the sky, and their faces to the horizon, as in the
Australian species of Eucalyptus.
 -- Vertical limb, a graduated arc attached to an instrument, as a
theodolite, for measuring vertical angles.
 -- Vertical line. (a) (Dialing) A line perpendicular to the horizon.
(b) (Conic Sections) A right line drawn on the vertical plane, and
passing through the vertex of the cone. (c) (Surv.) The direction of
a plumb line; a line normal to the surface of still water. (d)
(Geom., Drawing, etc.) A line parallel to the sides of a page or
sheet, in distinction from a horizontal line parallel to the top or
bottom.
 -- Vertical plane. (a) (Conic Sections) A plane passing through the
vertex of a cone, and through its axis. (b) (Projections) Any plane
which passes through a vertical line. (c) (Persp.) The plane passing
through the point of sight, and perpendicular to the ground plane,
and also to the picture.
 -- Vertical sash, a sash sliding up and down. Cf. French sash, under
3d Sash.
 -- Vertical steam engine, a steam engine having the crank shaft
vertically above or below a vertical cylinder.

VERTICAL
Ver"ti*cal, n.

1. Vertical position; zenith. [R.]

2. (Math.)

Defn: A vertical line, plane, or circle. Prime vertical, Prime
vertical dial. See under Prime, a.

VERTICALITY
Ver`ti*cal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vertical; verticalness. [R.]
The different points of the verticality. Sir T. Browne.

VERTICALLY
Ver"ti*cal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a vertical manner, position, or direction; perpendicularly;
as, to look down vertically; to raise a thing vertically.

VERTICALNESS
Ver"ti*cal*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being vertical.

VERTICIL
Ver"ti*cil, n. Etym: [L. verticillus, dim. of vertex a whirl: cf. F.
verticille. See Vertex.] (Bot.)

Defn: A circle either of leaves or flowers about a stem at the same
node; a whorl. [Written also verticel.]

VERTICILLASTER
Ver`ti*cil*las"ter, a. Etym: [NL., fr. L. verticillus a whirl + aster
a star.] (Bot.)

Defn: A whorl of flowers apparently of one cluster, but composed of
two opposite axillary cymes, as in mint. See Illust. of Whorl.

VERTICILLATE; VERTICILLATED
Ver*tic"il*late, Ver*tic"il*la`ted, a. Etym: [See Verticil.] (Bot. &
Zoöl.)

Defn: Arranged in a transverse whorl or whorls like the rays of a
wheel; as, verticillate leaves of a plant; a verticillate shell.

VERTICILLUS
Ver`ti*cil"lus, n. Etym: [L., a whirl.] (Bot.)

Defn: A whorl; a verticil.

VERTICITY
Ver*tic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. verticité. See Vertex.]

Defn: The quality or power of turning; revolution; rotation. [R.]
Locke.
I hardly believe he hath from elder times unknown the verticity of
the loadstone. Sir T. Browne.

VERTICLE
Ver"ti*cle, n. Etym: [L. verticula a joint.]

Defn: An axis; hinge; a turning point. E. Waterhouse.

VERTIGINATE
Ver*tig"i*nate, a.

Defn: Turned round; giddy. [R.] Coleridge.

VERTIGINOUS
Ver*tig"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. vertiginosus, fr. vertigo a whirling
around, giddiness: cf. F. vertigineux. See Vertig.]

1. Turning round; whirling; rotary; revolving; as, vertiginous
motion.
Some vertiginous whirl of fortune. De Quincey.

2. Affected with vertigo; giddy; dizzy.
They [the angels] grew vertiginous, and fell from the battlements of
heaven. Jer. Taylor.
-- Ver*tig"i*nous*ly, adv.
 -- Ver*tig"i*nous*ness, n.

VERTIGO
Ver"ti*go, n; pl. E. Vertigoes, L. Vertigines. Etym: [L., fr. vertere
to turn. See Verse.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Dizziness or swimming of the head; an affection of the head in
which objects, though stationary, appear to move in various
directions, and the person affected finds it difficult to maintain an
erect posture; giddiness. Quian.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small land snails belonging to
the genus Vertigo, having an elongated or conical spiral shell and
usually teeth in the aperture.

VERTILINEAR
Ver`ti*lin"e*ar, a. Etym: [Vertical + linear.]

Defn: Straight; rectilinear. [R.]

VERTU
Ver"tu, n.

1. Virtue; power. See Virtue. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. See Virtu.

VERTUOUS
Ver"tu*ous, a.

Defn: Virtuous; powerful. [Obs.] Spenser.

VERUMONTANUM
Ver`u*mon*ta"num, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: An elevation, or crest, in the wall of the urethra where the
seminal ducts enter it.

Note: This is sometimes written veru montanum.

VERVAIN
Ver"vain, n. Etym: [OE. verveine, F. verveine, fr. L. verbena, pl.
verbenae sacred boughs of laurel, olive, or myrtle, a class of
plants; cf. verbenaca vervain. Cf. Verbena.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Verbena. Vervain mallow (Bot.), a
species of mallow (Malva Alcea) with rose-colored flowers.

VERVE
Verve, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Excitement of imagination such as animates a poet, artist, or
musician, in composing or performing; rapture; enthusiasm; spirit;
energy.

VERVEL
Ver"vel, n.

Defn: See Varvel.

VERVET
Ver"vet, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South African monkey (Cercopithecus pygerythrus, or
Lelandii). The upper parts are grayish green, finely specked with
black. The cheeks and belly are reddish white.

VERY
Ver"y, a. [Compar. Verier; superl. Veriest.] Etym: [OE. verai,
verray, OF. verai, vrai, F. vrai, (assumed) LL. veracus, for L. verax
true, veracious, fr. verus true; akin to OHG. & OS. war, G. wahr, D.
waar; perhaps originally, that is or exists, and akin to E. was. Cf.
Aver, v. t., Veracious, Verdict, Verity.]

Defn: True; real; actual; veritable.
Whether thou be my very son Esau or not. Gen. xxvii. 21.
He that covereth a transgression seeketh love; but he that repeateth
a matter separateth very friends. Prov. xvii. 9.
The very essence of truth is plainness and brightness. Milton.
I looked on the consideration of public service or public ornament to
be real and very justice. Burke.

Note: Very is sometimes used to make the word with which it is
connected emphatic, and may then be paraphrased by same, self-same,
itself, and the like. "The very hand, the very words." Shak. "The
very rats instinctively have quit it." Shak. "Yea, there where very
desolation dwells." Milton. Very is used occasionally in the
comparative degree, and more frequently in the superlative. "Was not
my lord the verier wag of the two" Shak. "The veriest hermit in the
nation." Pope. "He had spoken the very truth, and transformed it into
the veriest falsehood." Hawthorne. Very Reverend. See the Note under
Reverend.

VERY
Ver"y, adv.

Defn: In a high degree; to no small extent; exceedingly; excessively;
extremely; as, a very great mountain; a very bright sum; a very cold
day; the river flows very rapidly; he was very much hurt.

VERY'S NIGHT SIGNALS; VERY NIGHT SIGNALS; VERY'S LIGHT SIGNALS; VERY
LIGHT SIGNALS
Ver"y's, or Ver"y, night signals . [After Lieut. Samuel W. Very, who
invented the system in 1877.] (Naut.)

Defn: A system of signaling in which balls of red and green fire are
fired from a pistol, the arrangement in groups denoting numbers
having a code significance.

VESBIUM
Ves"bi*um, n. Etym: [NL., from L. Vesuvius, contr. Vesbius,
Vesuvius.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element of which little is known. It is said by
Scacchi to have been extracted from a yellowish incrustation from the
cracks of a Vesuvian lava erupted in 1631.

VESE
Vese, n. Etym: [Cf. Frese, n.]

Defn: Onset; rush; violent draught or wind. [Obs.] Chaucer.

VESICA
Ve*si"ca, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A bladder. Vesica piscis. Etym: [L., dish bladder.] (Eccl. Art)
A glory, or aureole, of oval shape, or composed of two arcs of
circles usually represented as surrounding a divine personage. More
rarely, an oval composed of two arcs not representing a glory; a
solid oval, etc.

VESICAL
Ves"i*cal, a. Etym: [L. vesica bladder.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the bladder. Dunglison.

VESICANT
Ves"i*cant, n. Etym: [L. vesica blister: cf. F. vésicant.] (Med.)

Defn: A vesicatory.

VESICATE
Ves"i*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vesicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vesicating.] Etym: [See Vesicant.] (Med.)

Defn: To raise little bladders or blisters upon; to inflame and
separate the cuticle of; to blister. Wiseman.

VESICATION
Ves`i*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vésication.] (Med.)

Defn: The process of vesicating, or of raising blisters.

VESICATORY
Ves"i*ca*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vésicatoire.] (Med.)

Defn: Tending, or having power, to raise a blister.
 -- n.

Defn: A blistering application or plaster; a vesicant; an epispastic.

VESICLE
Ves"i*cle, n. Etym: [L. vesicula, dim. of vesica a bladder, blister;
akin to Skr. vasti bladder: cf. F. vésicule.]

Defn: A bladderlike vessel; a membranous cavity; a cyst; a cell.
Specifically: --(a) (Bot.)

Defn: A small bladderlike body in the substance of vegetable, or upon
the surface of a leaf. (b) (Med.)

Defn: A small, and more or less circular, elevation of the cuticle,
containing a clear watery fluid.
(c) (Anat.) A cavity or sac, especially one filled with fluid; as,
the umbilical vesicle.
(d) (Zoöl.) A small convex hollow prominence on the surface of a
shell or a coral.
(e) (Geol.) A small cavity, nearly spherical in form, and usually of
the size of a pea or smaller, such as are common in some volcanic
rocks. They are produced by the liberation of watery vapor in the
molten mass.

VESICO-
Ves"i*co-.

Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with,
or relation to, the bla; as in vesicoprostatic, vesicovaginal.

VESICOPROSTATIC
Ves`i*co*pro*stat"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of a pertaining to the bladder and the prostrate gland.

VESICOUTERINE
Ves`i*co*u"ter*ine, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the bladder and the uterus.

VESICOVAGINAL
Ves`i*co*vag"i*nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the bladder and the vagina.

VESICULA
Ve*sic"u*la, n.; pl. Vesiculæ . Etym: [L., dim. of vesica.] (Anat. &
Med.)

Defn: A vesicle.

VESICULAR
Ve*sic"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vésiculaire.]

1. Of or pertaining to vesicles; esp., of or pertaining to the air
vesicles, or air cells, of the lungs; as, vesicular breathing, or
normal breathing, in which the air enters freely the air vesicles of
the lungs.

2. Containing, or composed of, vesicles or vesiclelike structures;
covered with vesicles or bladders; vesiculate; as, vesicular coral;
vesicular lava; a vesicular leaf.

3. Having the form or structure of a vesicle; as, a vesicular body.
Vesicular column (Anat.), a series of nerve cells forming one of the
tracts distinguished in the spinal; -- also called the ganglionic
column.
 -- Vesicular emphysema (Med.), emphysema of the lungs, in which the
air vesicles are distended and their walls ruptured.
 -- Vesicular murmur (Med.), the sound, audible on auscultation of
the chest, made by the air entering and leaving the air vesicles of
the lungs in respiration.

VESICULARIA
Ve*sic`u*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Vesicle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine Bryozoa belonging to
Vesicularia and allied genera. They have delicate tubular cells
attached in clusters to slender flexible stems.

VESICULATA
Ve*sic`u*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Vesicle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The campanularian medusæ.

VESICULATE
Ve*sic"u*late, a.

Defn: Bladdery; full of, or covered with, bladders; vesicular.

VESICULATE
Ve*sic"u*late, v. t.

Defn: To form vesicles in, as lava.

VESICULATION
Ve*sic`u*la"tion, n. (Geol.)

Defn: The state of containing vesicles, or the process by which
vesicles are formed.

VESICULITIS
Ve*sic`u*li"tis, n. [NL.; vesicula + -itis.]

Defn: Inflammation of a vesicle.

VESICULOSE; VESICULOUS
Ve*sic"u*lose`, Ve*sic"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. vesiculosus: cf. F.
vésiculeux.]

Defn: Bladdery; vesicular; vesiculate; composed of vesicles; covered
with vesicles; as, a vesiculose shell.

VESPA
Ves"pa, n. Etym: [L., wasp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Hymenoptera including the common wasps and hornets.

VESPER
Ves"per, n. Etym: [L., the evening, the evening star, the west; akin
to Gr. west. Cf. Hesperian, Vespers.]

Defn: The evening star; Hesper; Venus, when seen after sunset; hence,
the evening. Shak.

VESPER
Ves"per, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the evening, or to the service of vespers;
as, a vesper hymn; vesper bells. Vesper sparrow, the grass finch. See
under Grass.

VESPERAL
Ves"per*al, a.

Defn: Vesper; evening. [R.]

VESPERS
Ves"pers, n.; pl. Etym: [OF. vespres, F. vêpres, LL. vesperae, fr. L.
vespera evening. See Vesper, n.] (R. C. Ch.)
(a) One of the little hours of the Breviary.
(b) The evening song or service. Sicilian vespers. See under
Sicilian, a.

VESPERTILIO
Ves`per*til"i*o, n. Etym: [L., a bat.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of bats including some of the common small
insectivorous species of North America and Europe.

VESPERTILIONES
Ves`per*til`i*o"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of bats including the common insectivorous bats of
America and Europe, belonging to Vespertilio and allied genera. They
lack a nose membrane.

VESPERTILIONINE
Ves`per*til`i*o"nine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Vespertiliones.

VESPERTINAL
Ves"per*ti`nal, a.

Defn: Vespertine. Lowell.

VESPERTINE
Ves"per*tine, a. Etym: [L. vespertinus. See Vesper.]

1. Of or pertaining to the evening; happening or being in the
evening. Gray.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Blossoming in the evening.

VESPIARY
Ves"pi*a*ry, n. Etym: [L. vespa a wasp.]

Defn: A nest, or habitation, of insects of the wasp kind.

VESPILLO
Ves*pil"lo, n.; pl. Vespilloes. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: One who carried out the dead bodies of the poor at night for
burial.
Like vespilloes or grave makers. Sir T. Browne.

VESSEL
Ves"sel, n. Etym: [OF. vessel, veissel, vaissel, vaissiel, F.
vascellum, dim. of vasculum, dim. of vas a vessel. Cf. Vascular,
Vase.]

1. A hollow or concave utensil for holding anything; a hollow
receptacle of any kind, as a hogshead, a barrel, a firkin, a bottle,
a kettle, a cup, a bowl, etc.
[They drank] out of these noble vessels. Chaucer.

2. A general name for any hollow structure made to float upon the
water for purposes of navigation; especially, one that is larger than
a common rowboat; as, a war vessel; a passenger vessel.
[He] began to build a vessel of huge bulk. Milton.

3. Fig.: A person regarded as receiving or containing something; esp.
(Script.), one into whom something is conceived as poured, or in whom
something is stored for use; as, vessels of wrath or mercy.
He is a chosen vessel unto me. Acts ix. 15.
[The serpent] fit vessel, fittest imp of fraud, in whom To enter.
Milton.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: Any tube or canal in which the blood or other fluids are
contained, secreted, or circulated, as the arteries, veins,
lymphatics, etc.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: A continuous tube formed from superposed large cylindrical or
prismatic cells (tracheæ), which have lost their intervening
partitions, and are usually marked with dots, pits, rings, or spirals
by internal deposition of secondary membranes; a duct. Acoustic
vessels. See under Acoustic.
 -- Weaker vessel, a woman; -- now applied humorously. "Giving honor
unto the wife, as unto the weaker vessel." 1 Peter iii. 7. "You are
the weaker vessel." Shak.

VESSEL
Ves"sel, v. t.

Defn: To put into a vessel. [Obs.] Bacon.

VESSELFUL
Ves"sel*ful, n.; pl. Vesselfuls (.

Defn: As much as a vessel will hold; enough to fill a vessel.

VESSES; VESSETS
Ves"ses, Ves"sets, n.

Defn: A kind of worsted; also, a worsted cloth. [Prov. Eng.]

VESSICNON; VESSIGNON
Ves"sic*non, Ves"sig*non, n. Etym: [F. vessigon, fr. L. vesica a
bladder, blister.] (Far.)

Defn: A soft swelling on a horse's leg; a windgall.

VEST
Vest, n. Etym: [L. vestis a garment, vesture; akin to Goth. wasti,
and E. wear: cf. F. veste. See Wear to carry on the person, and cf.
Divest, Invest, Travesty.]

1. An article of clothing covering the person; an outer garment; a
vestment; a dress; a vesture; a robe.
In state attended by her maiden train, Who bore the vests that holy
rites require. Dryden.

2. Any outer covering; array; garb.
Not seldom clothed in radiant vest Deceitfully goes forth the morn.
Wordsworth.

3. Specifically, a waistcoat, or sleeveless body garment, for men,
worn under the coat.

Syn.
 -- Garment; vesture; dress; robe; vestment; waistcoat.
 -- Vest, Waistcoat. In England, the original word waistcoat is
generally used for the body garment worn over the shirt and
immediately under the coat. In the United States this garment is
commonly called a vest, and the waistcoat is often improperly given
to an under-garment.

VEST
Vest, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vested; p. pr. & vb. n. Vesting.] Etym:
[Cf. L. vestire, vestitum, OF. vestir, F. vêtir. See Vest, n.]

1. To clothe with, or as with, a vestment, or garment; to dress; to
robe; to cover, surround, or encompass closely.
Came vested all in white, pure as her mind. Milton.
With ether vested, and a purple sky. Dryden.

2. To clothe with authority, power, or the like; to put in
possession; to invest; to furnish; to endow; -- followed by with
before the thing conferred; as, to vest a court with power to try
cases of life and death.
Had I been vested with the monarch's power. Prior.

3. To place or give into the possession or discretion of some person
or authority; to commit to another; -- with in before the possessor;
as, the power of life and death is vested in the king, or in the
courts.
Empire and dominion was [were] vested in him. Locke.

4. To invest; to put; as, to vest money in goods, land, or houses.
[R.]

5. (Law)

Defn: To clothe with possession; as, to vest a person with an estate;
also, to give a person an immediate fixed right of present or future
enjoyment of; as, an estate is vested in possession. Bouvier.

VEST
Vest, v. i.

Defn: To come or descend; to be fixed; to take effect, as a title or
right; -- followed by in; as, upon the death of the ancestor, the
estate, or the right to the estate, vests in the heir at law.

VESTA
Ves"ta, n. Etym: [L. Vesta, akin to Gr. ush to burn (see East), or
perhaps to Skr. vas to dwell, and E. was.]

1. (Rom. Myth.)

Defn: One of the great divinities of the ancient Romans, identical
with the Greek Hestia. She was a virgin, and the goddess of the
hearth; hence, also, of the fire on it, and the family round it.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: An asteroid, or minor planet, discovered by Olbers in 1807.

3. A wax friction match. Simmonds.

VESTAL
Ves"tal, a. Etym: [L. Vestalis belonging to Vesta, vestal. See
Vesta.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Vesta, the virgin goddess of the hearth;
hence, pure; chaste.

VESTAL
Ves"tal, n. Etym: [L. Vestalis (sc. virgo): cf. F. vestale. See
Vestal, a.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A virgin consecrated to Vesta, and to the service of watching
the sacred fire, which was to be perpetually kept burning upon her
altar.

Note: The Vestals were originally four, but afterward six, in number.
Their term of service lasted thirty years, the period of admission
being from the sixth to the tenth year of the candidate's age.

2. A virgin; a woman pure and chaste; also, a nun.
How happy is the blameless vestal's lot! Pope.

VESTALES
Ves*ta"les, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Vestal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of butterflies including those known as virgins, or
gossamer-winged butterflies.

VESTED
Vest"ed, a.

1. Clothed; robed; wearing vestments. "The vested priest." Milton.

2. (Law)

Defn: Not in a state of contingency or suspension; fixed; as, vested
rights; vested interests. Vested legacy (Law), a legacy the right to
which commences in præsenti, and does not depend on a contingency;
as, a legacy to one to be paid when he attains to twenty-one years of
age is a vested legacy, and if the legatee dies before the testator,
his representative shall receive it. Blackstone.
 -- Vested remainder (Law), an estate settled, to remain to a
determined person, after the particular estate is spent. Blackstone.
Kent.

VESTED SCHOOL
Vest"ed school.

Defn: In Ireland, a national school which has been built by the aid
of grants from the board of Commissioners of National Education and
is secured for educational purposes by leases to the commissioners
themselves, or to the commissioners and the trustees.

VESTIARIAN
Ves`ti*a"ri*an, a. Etym: [See Vestiary.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a vestiary or vestments.

VESTIARY
Ves"ti*a*ry, n. Etym: [L. vestiarium. See Vestry.]

Defn: A wardrobe; a robing room; a vestry. Fuller.

VESTIARY
Ves"ti*a*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to clothes, or vestments.

VESTIBULAR
Ves*tib"u*lar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a vestibule; like a vestibule.

VESTIBULE
Ves"ti*bule, n. Etym: [L. vestibulum, of uncertain origin: cf. F.
vestibule.]

Defn: The porch or entrance into a house; a hall or antechamber next
the entrance; a lobby; a porch; a hall. Vestibule of the ear. (Anat.)
See under Ear.
 -- Vestibule of the vulva (Anat.), a triangular space between the
nymphæ, in which the orifice of the urethra is situated.
 -- Vestibule train (Railroads), a train of passenger cars having the
space between the end doors of adjacent cars inclosed, so as to admit
of leaving the doors open to provide for intercommunication between
all the cars.

Syn.
 -- Hall; passage.
 -- Vestibule, Hall, Passage. A vestibule is a small apartment within
the doors of a building. A hall is the first large apartment beyond
the vestibule, and, in the United States, is often long and narrow,
serving as a passage to the several apartments. In England, the hall
is generally square or oblong, and a long, narrow space of entrance
is called a passage, not a hall, as in America. Vestibule is often
used in a figurative sense to denote a place of entrance. "The
citizens of Rome placed the images of their ancestors in the
vestibules of their houses." Bolingbroke

VESTIBULED TRAIN
Vestibuled train. (Railroad)

Defn: Same as Vestibule  train, under Vestibule.

VESTIBULUM
Ves*tib"u*lum, n.; pl. Vestibula. Etym: [L., vestibule.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cavity into which, in certain bryozoans, the esophagus and
anus open.

VESTIGATE
Ves"ti*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. vestigatus, p. p. of vestigare. See
Vestige.]

Defn: To investigate. [Obs.]

VESTIGE
Ves"tige, n. Etym: [F., from L. vestigium footprint, trace, sign; the
last part (-stigium) is probably akin to E. sty, v. i. Cf.
Investigate.]

Defn: The mark of the foot left on the earth; a track or footstep; a
trace; a sign; hence, a faint mark or visible sign left by something
which is lost, or has perished, or is no longer present; remains; as,
the vestiges of ancient magnificence in Palmyra; vestiges of former
population.
What vestiges of liberty or property have they left Burke.
Ridicule has followed the vestiges of Truth, but never usurped her
place. Landor.

Syn.
 -- Trace; mark; sign; token.
 -- Vestige, Trace. These words agree in marking some indications of
the past, but differ to some extent in their use and application.
Vestige is used chiefly in a figurative sense, for the remains
something long passed away; as, the vestiges of ancient times;
vestiges of the creation. A trace is literally something drawn out in
a line, and may be used in this its primary sense, or figuratively,
to denote a sign or evidence left by something that has passed by, or
ceased to exist. Vestige usually supposes some definite object of the
past to be left behind; while a trace may be a mere indication that
something has been present or is present; as, traces of former
population; a trace of poison in a given substance.

VESTIGIAL
Ves*tig"i*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a vestige or remnant; like a vestige.

VESTING
Vest"ing, n.

Defn: Cloth for vests; a vest pattern.

VESTITURE
Ves"ti*ture, n. Etym: [See Vesture.]

Defn: In vestiture. [R.]

VESTLET
Vest"let, n. Etym: [Dim. of vest.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of actinians belonging to the genus
Cerianthus. These animals have a long, smooth body tapering to the
base, and two separate circles of tentacles around the mouth. They
form a tough, flexible, feltlike tube with a smooth internal lining,
in which they dwell, whence the name.

VESTMENT
Vest"ment, n. Etym: [OE. vestement, vestiment, OF. vestement,
vestiment, F. vêtement, fr. L. vestimentum, fr. vestire to clothe,
fr. vestis a garment, clothing. See Vest.]

Defn: A covering or garment; some part of clothing or dress;
specifically (Eccl.), any priestly garment. "Royal vestiment."
Chaucer. "Priests in holy vestments." Shak.
The sculptor could not give vestments suitable to the quality of the
persons represented. Dryden.

VESTRY
Ves"try, n.; pl. Vestries. Etym: [OE. vestrye, F. vestiaire, L.
vestiarium, fr. vestiarius belonging to clothes, fr. vestis a
garment. See Vest, n., and cf. Vestiary.]

1. A room appendant to a church, in which sacerdotal vestments and
sacred utensils are sometimes kept, and where meetings for worship or
parish business are held; a sacristy; -- formerly called revestiary.
He said unto him that was over the vestry, Bring forth vestments for
all the worshipers of Baal. 2 Kings x. 22.

2. (Ch. of Eng.)

Defn: A parochial assembly; an assembly of persons who manage
parochial affairs; -- so called because usually held in a vestry.

3. (Prot. Epis. Ch.)

Defn: A body, composed of wardens and vestrymen, chosen annually by a
parish to manage its temporal concerns. Metropolitan vestry, in the
city of London, and certain specified parishes and places in England,
a body composed of householders who pay poor rates. Its duties
include the repair of churches, care of highways, the appointment of
certain officers, etc.
 -- Select vestry, a select number of persons chosen in large and
populous English parishes to represent and manage the concerns of the
parish for one year. Mozley & W.
 -- Vestry board (Ch. of Eng.), a vestry. See def. 2, above.
 -- Vestry clerk, an officer chosen by the vestry, who keeps a record
of its proceedings; also, in England, one who keeps the parish
accounts and books.
 -- Vestry meeting, the meeting of a vestry or vestry board; also, a
meeting of a parish held in a vestry or other place.

VESTRYMAN
Ves"try*man, n.; pl. Vestrymen (.

Defn: A member of a vestry; especially (Prot. Epis. Ch.), a member
other than a warden. See Vestry.

VESTURE
Ves"ture, n. Etym: [OF. vesture, vesteure, F. vêture, LL. vestitura,
from L. vestire to clothe, dress. See Vest, v. t., and cf.
Vestiture.]

1. A garment or garments; a robe; clothing; dress; apparel; vestment;
covering; envelope. Piers Plowman.
Approach, and kiss her sacred vesture's hem. Milton.
Rocks, precipices, and gulfs, appareled with a vesture of plants.
Bentley.
There polished chests embroidered vestures graced. Pope.

2. (O. Eng. Law)
(a) The corn, grass, underwood, stubble, etc., with which land was
covered; as, the vesture of an acre.
(b) Seizin; possession.

VESTURED
Ves"tured, a.

Defn: Covered with vesture or garments; clothed; enveloped.
We be vestured with poor cloth. Ld. Berners.

VESUVIAN
Ve*su"vi*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. Vésuvien, It. Vesuviano.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Vesuvius, a volcano near Naples.

VESUVIAN
Ve*su"vi*an, n. Etym: [G. vesuvian. See Vesuvian, a.] (Min.)

Defn: Vesuvianite.

VESUVIANITE
Ve*su"vi*an*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals, and also massive,
of a brown to green color, rarely sulphur yellow and blue. It is a
silicate of alumina and lime with some iron magnesia, and is common
at Vesuvius. Also called idocrase.

VESUVINE
Ve*su"vine, n.

Defn: A trade name for a brown dyestuff obtained from certain basic
azo compounds of benzene; -- called also Bismarck brown, Manchester
brown, etc.

VETCH
Vetch, n. Etym: [Also fitch; OE. ficche, feche, for veche, OF. veche,
vecce, vesche, vesce, F. vesce, fr. L. vicia.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any leguminous plant of the genus Vicia, some species of which
are valuable for fodder. The common species is V. sativa.

Note: The name is also applied to many other leguminous plants of
different genera; as the chichling vetch, of the genus Lathyrus; the
horse vetch, of the genus Hippocrepis; the kidney vetch (Anthyllis
vulneraria); the milk vetch, of the genus Astragalus; the licorice
vetch, or wild licorice (Abrus precatorius).

VETCHLING
Vetch"ling, n. Etym: [Vetch + -ling.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any small leguminous plant of the genus Lathyrus, especially L.
Nissolia.

VETCHY
Vetch"y, a.

1. Consisting of vetches or of pea straw. "A vetchy bed." Spenser.

2. Abounding with vetches.

VETERAN
Vet"er*an, a. Etym: [L. veteranus, from vetus, veteris, old; akin to
Gr. vatsara. See Wether.]

Defn: Long exercised in anything, especially in military life and the
duties of a soldier; long practiced or experienced; as, a veteran
officer or soldier; veteran skill.
The insinuating eloquence and delicate flattery of veteran
diplomatists and courtiers. Macaulay.

VETERAN
Vet"er*an, n. Etym: [L. veteranus (sc. miles): cf. F. vétéran.]

Defn: One who has been long exercised in any service or art,
particularly in war; one who has had.
Ensigns that pierced the foe's remotest lines, The hardy veteran with
tears resigns. Addison.

Note: In the United States, during the civil war, soldiers who had
served through one term of enlistment and had reënlisted were
specifically designated veterans.

VETERANIZE
Vet"er*an*ize, v. i.

Defn: To reënlist for service as a soldier. [U.S.] Gen. W. T.
Sherman.

VETERINARIAN
Vet`er*i*na"ri*an, n. Etym: [L. veterinarius. See Veterinary.]

Defn: One skilled in the diseases of cattle or domestic animals; a
veterinary surgeon.

VETERINARY
Vet"er*i*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. veterinarius of or belonging to beasts
of burden an draught, fr. veterinus, probably originally, of or
pertaining to yearlings: cf. F. vétérinaire. See Veteran, Wether.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the art of healing or treating the diseases
of domestic animals, as oxen, horses, sheep, etc.; as, a veterinary
writer or school.

VETIVER
Vet"i*ver, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An East Indian grass (Andropogon muricatus); also, its fragrant
roots which are much used for making mats and screens. Also called
kuskus, and khuskhus. [Sometimes written vetivert, and vitivert.]

VETO
Ve"to, n.; pl. Vetoes (. Etym: [L. veto I forbid.]

1. An authoritative prohibition or negative; a forbidding; an
interdiction.
This contemptuous veto of her husband's on any intimacy with her
family. G. Eliot.

2. Specifically: --
(a) A power or right possessed by one department of government to
forbid or prohibit the carrying out of projects attempted by another
department; especially, in a constitutional government, a power
vested in the chief executive to prevent the enactment of measures
passed by the legislature. Such a power may be absolute, as in the
case of the Tribunes of the People in ancient Rome, or limited, as in
the case of the President of the United States. Called also the veto
power.
(b) The exercise of such authority; an act of prohibition or
prevention; as, a veto is probable if the bill passes.
(c) A document or message communicating the reasons of the executive
for not officially approving a proposed law; -- called also veto
message. [U.S.]

Note: Veto is not a term employed in the Federal Constitution, but
seems to be of popular use only. Abbott.

VETO
Ve"to, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vetoed; p. pr. & vb. n. Vetoing.]

Defn: To prohibit; to negative; also, to refuse assent to, as a
legislative bill, and thus prevent its enactment; as, to veto an
appropriation bill.

VETOIST
Ve"to*ist, n.

Defn: One who uses, or sustains the use of, the veto.

VETTURA
Vet*tu"ra, n.; pl. Vetture. Etym: [It. vettura, fr. L. vectura
conveyance. Cf. Vecture.]

Defn: An Italian four-wheeled carriage, esp. one let for hire; a
hackney coach.

VETTURINO
Vet`tu*ri"no, n.; pl. Vetturini. Etym: [It.]

1. One who lets or drives a vettura.

2. A vettura.

VETUST
Ve*tust", a. Etym: [L. vetustus old, ancient.]

Defn: Venerable from antiquity; ancient; old. [Obs.]

VEX
Vex, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vexed; p. pr. & vb. n. Vexing.] Etym: [F.
vexer, L. vexare, vexatum, to vex, originally, to shake, toss, in
carrying, v. intens. fr. vehere, vectum, to carry. See Vehicle.]

1. To to
White curl the waves, and the vexed ocean roars. Pope.

2. To make angry or annoyed by little provocations; to irritate; to
plague; to torment; to harass; to afflict; to trouble; to tease. "I
will not vex your souls." Shak.
Then thousand torments vex my heart. Prior.

3. To twist; to weave. [R.]
Some English wool, vexed in a Belgian loom. Dryden.

Syn.
 -- See Tease.

VEX
Vex, v. i.

Defn: To be irritated; to fret. [R.] Chapman.

VEXATION
Vex*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. vexatio: cf. F. vexation.]

1. The act of vexing, or the state of being vexed; agitation;
disquiet; trouble; irritation.
Passions too violent . . . afford us nothing but vexation and pain.
Sir W. Temple.
Those who saw him after a defeat looked in vain for any trace of
vexation. Macaulay.

2. The cause of trouble or disquiet; affliction.
Your children were vexation to your youth. Shak.

3. A harassing by process of law; a vexing or troubling, as by a
malicious suit. Bacon.

Syn.
 -- Chagrin; agitation; mortification; uneasiness; trouble; grief;
sorrow; distress. See Chagrin.

VEXATIOUS
Vex*a"tious, a. Etym: [See Vexation.]

1. Causing vexation; agitating; afflictive; annoying; as, a vexatious
controversy; a vexatious neighbor. "Continual vexatious wars." South.

2. Full or vexation, trouble, or disquiet; disturbed.
He leads a vexatious life. Sir K. Digby.
Vexatious suit (Law), a suit commenced for the purpose of giving
trouble, or without cause.
 -- Vex*a"tious*ly, adv.
 -- Vex*a"tious*ness, n.

VEXED
Vexed, a.

1. Annoyed; harassed; troubled.

2. Much debated or contested; causing discussion; as, a vexed
question.

VEXER
Vex"er, n.

Defn: One who vexes or troubles.

VEXIL
Vex"il, n.

Defn: A vexillum.

VEXILLAR; VEXILLARY
Vex"il*lar, Vex"il*la*ry,Etym: [Cf. F. vexillaire, L. vexillarius a
standard bearer.]

1. Of or pertaining to an ensign or standard.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the vexillum, or upper petal of
papilionaceous flowers. Vexilary æstivation (Bot.), a mode of
æstivation in which one large upper petal folds over, and covers, the
other smaller petals, as in most papilionaceous plants.

VEXILLARY
Vex"il*la*ry, n. Etym: [L. vexillarius: cf. F. vexillaire.]

Defn: A standard bearer. Tennyson.

VEXILLATION
Vex`il*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. vexillatio.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A company of troops under one vexillum.

VEXILLUM
Vex*il"lum, n.; pl. Vexilla. Etym: [L., a standard, a flag.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)
(a) A flag or standard.
(b) A company of troops serving under one standard.

2. (Eccl.)
(a) A banner.
(b) The sign of the cross.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The upper petal of a papilionaceous flower; the standard.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The rhachis and web of a feather taken together; the vane.

VEXINGLY
Vex"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a vexing manner; so as to vex, tease, or irritate. Tatler.

V HOOK
V" hook`. (Steam Engine)

Defn: A gab at the end of an eccentric rod, with long jaws, shaped
like the letter V.

VIA
Vi"a, n. Etym: [L. See Way.]

Defn: A road way. Via Lactea Etym: [L.] (Anat.), the Milky Way, or
Galaxy. See Galaxy, 1.
 -- Via media Etym: [L.] (Theol.), the middle way; -- a name applied
to their own position by the Anglican high-churchmen, as being
between the Roman Catholic Church and what they term extreme
Protestantism.

VIA
Vi"a, prep. Etym: [L., ablative of via way. See Way.]

Defn: By the way of; as, to send a letter via Queenstown to London.

VIABILITY
Vi`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being viable. Specifically: --(a) (Law)

Defn: The capacity of living after birth. Bouvier.
(b) The capacity of living, or being distributed, over wide
geographical limits; as, the viability of a species.

VIABLE
Vi"a*ble, a. Etym: [F., from vie life, L. vita. See Vital.] (Law)

Defn: Capable of living; born alive and with such form and
development of organs as to be capable of living; -- said of a
newborn, or a prematurely born, infant.

Note: Unless he [an infant] is born viable, he acquires no rights,
and can not transmit them to his heirs, and is considered as if he
had never been born. Bouvier.

VIADUCT
Vi`a*duct, n. Etym: [L. via a way + -duct, as in aqueduct: cf. F.
viaduc. See Via, and Aqueduct.]

Defn: A structure of considerable magnitude, usually with arches or
supported on trestles, for carrying a road, as a railroad, high above
the ground or water; a bridge; especially, one for crossing a valley
or a gorge. Cf. Trestlework.

VIAGE
Vi"age, n. Etym: [See Voyage.]

Defn: A voyage; a journey. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gower.

VIAL
Vi"al, n. Etym: [OE. viole, fiole, F. fiole. See Phial.]

Defn: A small bottle, usually of glass; a little glass vessel with a
narrow aperture intended to be closed with a stopper; as, a vial of
medicine. [Written also phial.]
Take thou this vial, being then in bed, And this distilled liquor
thou off. Shak.

VIAL
Vi"al, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vialed or Vialled; p. pr. & vb. n. Vialing
or Vialling.]

Defn: To put in a vial or vials. "Precious vialed liquors." Milton.

VIAMETER
Vi*am"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. via a way + -meter.]

Defn: An odometer; -- called also viatometer.

VIAND
Vi"and, n. Etym: [F. viande meat, food, LL. vianda, vivanda, vivenda,
properly, things to live on, fr. L. vivere to live; akin to vivus
living. See Vivid, and cf. Victualis.]

Defn: An article of food; provisions; food; victuals; -- used chiefly
in the plural. Cowper.
Viands of various kinds allure the taste. Pope.

VIANDER
Vi"and*er, n.

Defn: A feeder; an eater; also, one who provides viands, or food; a
host. [Obs.] Holinshed.

VI-APPLE
Vi"-ap`ple, n.

Defn: See Otaheite apple.

VIARY
Vi"a*ry, a. Etym: [L. viarius, fr. via a way, road.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to roads; happening on roads. [Obs.]

VIATECTURE
Vi"a*tec`ture, n. Etym: [L. via way + -tecture, as in architecture.]

Defn: The art of making roads or ways for traveling, including the
construction of bridges, canals, viaducts, etc. [R.] R. Park.

VIATIC
Vi*at"ic, a. Etym: [L. viaticus, fr. via a way. See Voyage.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a journey or traveling.

VIATICUM
Vi*at"i*cum, n. Etym: [L., from viaticus, a. See Viatic.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An allowance for traveling expenses made to those who were sent
into the provinces to exercise any office or perform any service.

2. Provisions for a journey. Davies (Wit's Pilgr.).

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The communion, or eucharist, when given to persons in danger of
death.

VIATOMETER
Vi`a*tom"e*ter, n.

Defn: A viameter.

VIBICES
Vi*bi"ces, n. pl. Etym: [L., pl. of vibex, -icis, the mark of a
blow.] (Med.)

Defn: More or less extensive patches of subcutaneous extravasation of
blood.

VIBRACULUM
Vi*brac"u*lum, n.; pl. Vibracula. Etym: [NL., dim. from L. vibrare to
vibrate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the movable, slender, spinelike organs or parts with
which certain bryozoans are furnished. They are regarded as specially
modified zooids, of nearly the same nature as Avicularia.

VIBRANCY
Vi"bran*cy, n.

Defn: The state of being vibrant; resonance.

VIBRANT
Vi"brant, a. Etym: [L. vibrans, p. pr.: cf. F. vibrant. See Vibrate.]

Defn: Vibrating; tremulous; resonant; as, vibrant drums. Longfellow.

VIBRATE
Vi"brate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vibrate; p. pr. & vb. n. Vibrating.]
Etym: [L. vibratus, p. p. of vibrare, v. t. & v. i., to snake,
brandish, vibrate; akin to Skr. vip to tremble, Icel. veifa to wave,
vibrate. See Waive and cf. Whip, v. t.]

1. To brandish; to move to and fro; to swing; as, to vibrate a sword
or a staff.

2. To mark or measure by moving to and fro; as, a pendulum vibrating
seconds.

3. To affect with vibratory motion; to set in vibration.
Breath vocalized, that is, vibrated or undulated, may . . . impress a
swift, tremulous motion. Holder.
Star to star vibrates light. Tennyson.

VIBRATE
Vi"brate, v. i.

1. To move to and fro, or from side to side, as a pendulum, an
elastic rod, or a stretched string, when disturbed from its position
of rest; to swing; to oscillate.

2. To have the constituent particles move to and fro, with alternate
compression and dilation of parts, as the air, or any elastic body;
to quiver.

3. To produce an oscillating or quivering effect of sound; as, a
whisper vibrates on the ear. Pope.

4. To pass from one state to another; to waver; to fluctuate; as, a
man vibrates between two opinions.

VIBRATILE
Vi"bra*tile, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vibratile.]

Defn: Adapted to, or used in, vibratory motion; having the power of
vibrating; vibratory; as, the vibratile organs of insects.

VIBRATILITY
Vi`bra*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vibratilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being vibratile; disposition to
vibration or oscillation. Rush.

VIBRATION
Vi*bra"tion, n. Etym: [L. vibratio: cf. F. vibration.]

1. The act of vibrating, or the state of being vibrated, or in
vibratory motion; quick motion to and fro; oscillation, as of a
pendulum or musical string.
As a harper lays his open palm Upon his harp, to deaden its
vibrations. Longfellow.

2. (Physics)

Defn: A limited reciprocating motion of a particle of an elastic body
or medium in alternately opposite directions from its position of
equilibrium, when that equilibrium has been disturbed, as when a
stretched cord or other body produces musical notes, or particles of
air transmit sounds to the ear. The path of the particle may be in a
straight line, in a circular arc, or in any curve whatever.

Note: Vibration and oscillation are both used, in mechanics, of the
swinging, or rising and falling, motion of a suspended or balanced
body; the latter term more appropriately, as signifying such motion
produced by gravity, and of any degree of slowness, while the former
applies especially to the quick, short motion to and fro which
results from elasticity, or the action of molecular forces among the
particles of a body when disturbed from their position of rest, as in
a spring. Amplitude of vibration, the maximum displacement of a
vibrating particle or body from its position of rest.
 -- Phase of vibration, any part of the path described by a particle
or body in making a complete vibration, in distinction from other
parts, as while moving from one extreme to the other, or on one side
of the line of rest, in distinction from the opposite. Two particles
are said to be in the same phase when they are moving in the same
direction and with the same velocity, or in corresponding parts of
their paths.

VIBRATIUNCLE
Vi*bra"ti*un`cle, a. Etym: [Dim. of vibration.]

Defn: A small vibration. [R.] Chambers.

VIBRATIVE
Vi"bra*tive, a. Vibrating

Defn: ; vibratory. "A vibrative motion." Sir I. Newton.

VIBRATOR
Vi"bra*tor, n. One that vibrates, or causes vibration or oscillation
of any kind; specif.
 (a) (Elec.) (1)

Defn: A trembler, as of an electric bell. (2)

Defn: A vibrating reed for transmitting or receiving pulsating
currents in a harmonic telegraph system. (3)

Defn: A device for vibrating the pen of a siphon recorder to diminish
frictional resistance on the paper. (4) An oscillator.
 (b) An ink-distributing roller in a printing machine, having an
additional vibratory motion.
 (a) (Music) A vibrating reed, esp. in a reed organ.
 (d) (Weaving) Any of various vibrating devices, as one for
slackening the warp as a shed opens.
 (e) An attachment, usually pneumatic, in a molding machine to shake
the pattern loose.

VIBRATORY
Vi"bra*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vibratoire.]

Defn: Consisting in, or causing, vibration, or oscillation;
vibrating; as, a vibratory motion; a vibratory power.

VIBRIO
Vib"ri*o, n.; pl. E. Vibrios, L. Vibriones. Etym: [NL., fr. L.
vibrare to vibrate, to move by undulations.] (Biol.)

Defn: A genus of motile bacteria characterized by short, slightly
sinuous filaments and an undulatory motion; also, an individual of
this genus.

VIBRISSA
Vi*bris"sa, n.; pl. Vibrissæ. Etym: [L. vibrissae, pl., the hairs in
the nostrils of man, fr. vibrare to vibrate; -- so called because
touching them tickles a person, and causes him to shake his head.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the specialized or tactile hairs which grow about the
nostrils, or on other parts of the face, in many animals, as the so-
called whiskers of the cat, and the hairs of the nostrils of man.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bristlelike feathers near the mouth of many birds.

VIBROGRAPH
Vi"bro*graph, n.  [Vibrate + -graph.]

Defn: An instrument to observe and record vibrations.

VIBROSCOPE
Vi"bro*scope, n.

1. An instrument for observing or tracing vibrations.

2. An instrument resembling the phenakistoscope.

VIBURNUM
Vi*bur"num, n. Etym: [L., the wayfaring tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs having opposite, petiolate leaves and cymose
flowers, several species of which are cultivated as ornamental, as
the laurestine and the guelder-rose.

VICAR
Vic"ar, n. Etym: [OE. vicar, viker, vicair, F. vicaire, fr. L.
vicarius. See Vicarious.]

1. One deputed or authorized to perform the functions of another; a
substitute in office; a deputy. [R.]

2. (Eng. Eccl. Law)

Defn: The incumbent of an appropriated benefice.

Note: The distinction between a parson [or rector] and vicar is this:
The parson has, for the most part, the whole right to the
ecclesiastical dues in his parish; but a vicar has generally an
appropriator over him, entitled to the best part of the profits, to
whom he is in fact perpetual curate with a standing salary. Burrill.
Apostolic vicar, or Vicar apostolic. (R. C. Ch.) (a) A bishop to whom
the Roman pontiff delegates a portion of his jurisdiction. (b) Any
ecclesiastic acting under a papal brief, commissioned to exercise
episcopal authority. (c) A titular bishop in a country where there is
no episcopal see, or where the succession has been interrupted.
 -- Vicar forane. Etym: [Cf. LL. foraneus situated outside of the
episcopal city, rural. See Vicar, and Foreign.] (R. C. Ch.) A
dignitary or parish priest appointed by a bishop to exercise a
limited jurisdiction in a particular town or district of a diocese.
Addis & Arnold.
 -- Vicar-general. (a) (Ch. of Eng.) The deputy of the Archbishop of
Canterbury or York, in whose court the bishops of the province are
confirmed. Encyc. Brit. (b) (R. C. Ch.) An assistant to a bishop in
the discharge of his official functions.
 -- Vicar of Jesus Christ (R. C. Ch.), the pope as representing
Christ on earth.

VICARAGE
Vic"ar*age (; 48), n.

1. The benefice of a vicar.

2. The house or residence of a vicar.

VICARIAL
Vi*ca"ri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vicarial.]

1. Of or pertaining to a vicar; as, vicarial tithes.

2. Delegated; vicarious; as, vicarial power.

VICARIAN
Vi*ca"ri*an, n.

Defn: A vicar. [Obs.] Marston.

VICARIATE
Vi*ca"ri*ate, a.

Defn: Having delegated power, as a vicar; vicarious. Barrow.

VICARIATE
Vi*ca"ri*ate, n. Etym: [LL. vicariatus, or F. vicariat.]

Defn: Delegated office or power; vicarship; the office or oversight
of a vicar.
The vicariate of that part of Germany which is governed by the Saxon
laws devolved on the elector of Saxony. Robertson.

VICARIOUS
Vi*ca"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. vicarius, from vicis change, alternation,
turn, the position, place, or office of one person as assumed by
another; akin to Gr. wechsel a change, and probably also to E. weak.
See Weak, and cf. Vice, prep.]

1. Of or pertaining to a vicar, substitute, or deputy; deputed;
delegated; as, vicarious power or authority.

2. Acting of suffering for another; as, a vicarious agent or officer.
The soul in the body is but a subordinate efficient, and vicarious .
. . in the hands of the Almighty. Sir M. Hale.

3. Performed of suffered in the place of another; substituted; as, a
vicarious sacrifice; vicarious punishment.
The vicarious work of the Great Deliverer. I. Taylor.

4. (Med.)

Defn: Acting as a substitute; -- said of abnormal action which
replaces a suppressed normal function; as, vicarious hemorrhage
replacing menstruation.

VICARIOUSLY
Vi*ca"ri*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a vicarious manner.

VICARSHIP
Vic"ar*ship, n.

Defn: The office or dignity of a vicar.

VICARY
Vic"ar*y, n. Etym: [L. vicarius.]

Defn: A vicar. [Obs.]

VICE
Vice, n. Etym: [F., from L. vitium.]

1. A defect; a fault; an error; a blemish; an imperfection; as, the
vices of a political constitution; the vices of a horse.
Withouten vice of syllable or letter. Chaucer.
Mark the vice of the procedure. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. A moral fault or failing; especially, immoral conduct or habit, as
in the indulgence of degrading appetites; customary deviation in a
single respect, or in general, from a right standard, implying a
defect of natural character, or the result of training and habits; a
harmful custom; immorality; depravity; wickedness; as, a life of
vice; the vice of intemperance.
I do confess the vices of my blood. Shak.
Ungoverned appetite . . . a brutish vice. Milton.
When vice prevails, and impious men bear sway, The post of honor is a
private station. Addison.

3. The buffoon of the old English moralities, or moral dramas, having
the name sometimes of one vice, sometimes of another, or of Vice
itself; -- called also Iniquity.

Note: This character was grotesquely dressed in a cap with ass's
ears, and was armed with a dagger of lath: one of his chief
employments was to make sport with the Devil, leaping on his back,
and belaboring him with the dagger of lath till he made him roar. The
Devil, however, always carried him off in the end. Nares.
How like you the Vice in the play . . . I would not give a rush for a
Vice that has not a wooden dagger to snap at everybody. B. Jonson.

Syn.
 -- Crime; sin; iniquity; fault. See Crime.

VICE
Vice, n. Etym: [See Vise.]

1. (Mech.)

Defn: A kind of instrument for holding work, as in filing. Same as
Vise.

2. A tool for drawing lead into cames, or flat grooved rods, for
casements. [Written also vise.]

3. A gripe or grasp. [Obs.] Shak.

VICE
Vice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Viced; p. pr. & vb. n. Vicing.]

Defn: To hold or squeeze with a vice, or as if with a vice. Shak.
The coachman's hand was viced between his upper and lower thigh. De
Quincey.

VICE
Vi"ce, prep. Etym: [L., abl. of vicis change, turn. See Vicarious.]

Defn: In the place of; in the stead; as, A. B. was appointed
postmaster vice C. D. resigned.

VICE
Vice, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vice-. See Vice, prep.]

Defn: Denoting one who in certain cases may assume the office or
duties of a superior; designating an officer or an office that is
second in rank or authority; as, vice president; vice agent; vice
consul, etc. Vice admiral. Etym: [Cf. F. vice-amiral.] (a) An officer
holding rank next below an admiral. By the existing laws, the rank of
admiral and vice admiral in the United States Navy will cease at the
death of the present incumbents. (b) A civil officer, in Great
Britain, appointed by the lords commissioners of the admiralty for
exercising admiralty jurisdiction within their respective districts.
 -- Vice admiralty, the office of a vice admiral.
 -- Vice-admiralty court, a court with admiralty jurisdiction,
established by authority of Parliament in British possessions beyond
the seas. Abbott.
 -- Vice chamberlain, an officer in court next in rank to the lord
chamberlain. [Eng.] -- Vice chancellor. (a) (Law) An officer next in
rank to a chancellor. (b) An officer in a university, chosen to
perform certain duties, as the conferring of degrees, in the absence
of the chancellor. (c) (R. C. Ch.) The cardinal at the head of the
Roman Chancery.
 -- Vice consul Etym: [cf. F. vice-consul], a subordinate officer,
authorized to exercise consular functions in some particular part of
a district controlled by a consul.
 -- Vice king, one who acts in the place of a king; a viceroy.
 -- Vice legate Etym: [cf. F. vice-légat], a legate second in rank
to, or acting in place of, another legate.
 -- Vice presidency, the office of vice president.
 -- Vice president Etym: [cf. F. vice-président], an officer next in
rank below a president.

VICED
Viced, a.

Defn: Vicious; corrupt. [Obs.] Shak.

VICEGERENCY
Vice*ge"ren*cy, n.

Defn: The office of a vicegerent. South.

VICEGERENT
Vice*ge"rent, a. Etym: [Vice, a + gerent: cf. F. vicegérant.]

Defn: Having or exercising delegated power; acting by substitution,
or in the place of another. Milton.

VICEGERENT
Vice*ge"rent, a. Etym: [Vice, a. + gerent: cf. F. vicegérant.]

Defn: Having or exercising delegated power; acting by substitution,
or in the place of another. Milton.

VICEGERENT
Vice*ge"rent, n.

Defn: An officer who is deputed by a superior, or by proper
authority, to exercise the powers of another; a lieutenant; a vicar.
Bacon.
The symbol and vicegerent of the Deity. C. A. Young.

VICEMAN
Vice"man, n.; pl. Vicemen (.

Defn: A smith who works at the vice instead of at the anvil.

VICENARY
Vic"e*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. vicenarius, fr. viceni twenty each; akin to
viginti twenty.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to twenty; consisting of twenty.

VICENNIAL
Vi*cen"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. vicennium a period of twenty years; viceni
twenty + annus year.]

1. Lasting or comprising twenty years.

2. Happening once in twenty years; as, a vicennial celebration.

VICE-REGAL
Vice`-re"gal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a viceroy or viceroyalty. Macaulay.

VICEROY
Vice"roy, n. Etym: [F. vice-roi; pref. vice- in the place of (L.
vice) + roi a king, L. rex. See Vice, prep. and Royal.]

1. The governor of a country or province who rules in the name of the
sovereign with regal authority, as the king's substitute; as, the
viceroy of India.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large and handsome American butterfly (Basilarchia, or
Limenitis, archippus). Its wings are orange-red, with black lines
along the nervures and a row of white spots along the outer margins.
The larvæ feed on willow, poplar, and apple trees.

VICEROYALTY
Vice*roy"al*ty, n.

Defn: The dignity, office, or jurisdiction of a viceroy.

VICEROYSHIP
Vice"roy*ship, n.

Defn: Viceroyalty.

VICETY
Vi"ce*ty, n. Etym: [From Vice a fault.]

Defn: Fault; defect; coarseness. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

VICHY WATER
Vi"chy wa`ter.

Defn: A mineral water found at Vichy, France. It is essentially an
effervescent solution of sodium, calcium, and magnetism carbonates,
with sodium and potassium chlorides; also, by extension, any
artificial or natural water resembling in composition the Vichy water
proper. Called also, colloquially, Vichy.

VICIATE
Vi"ci*ate, v. t.

Defn: See Vitiate. [R.]

VICINAGE
Vi"ci*nage (; 48), n. Etym: [OF. veisinage, F. voisinage, from OF.
veisin, F. voisin, neighboring, a neighbor, L. vicunus. See
Vicinity.]

Defn: The place or places adjoining or near; neighborhood; vicinity;
as, a jury must be of the vicinage. "To summon the Protestant
gentleman of the vicinage." Macaulay.
Civil war had broken up all the usual ties of vicinage and good
neighborhood. Sir W. Scott.

VICINAL
Vic"i*nal, a. Etym: [L. vicinalis: cf. F. vicinal.]

Defn: Near; vicine. T. Warton. Vicinal planes (Min.), subordinate
planes on a crystal, which are very near to the fundamental planes in
angles, and sometimes take their place. They have in general very
complex symbols.

VICINE
Vic"ine, a. Etym: [L. vicinus: cf. F. voisin.]

Defn: Near; neighboring; vicinal. [R.] Glanvill.

VICINE
Vic"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid ex tracted from the seeds of the vetch (Vicia
sativa) as a white crystalline substance.

VICINITY
Vi*cin"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. vicinitas, from vicinus neighboring, near,
from vicus a row of houses, a village; akin to Gr. v a house, vi to
enter, Goth. weihs town: cf. OF. vicinité. Cf. Diocese, Economy,
Parish, Vicinage, Wick a village.]

1. The quality or state of being near, or not remote; nearness;
propinquity; proximity; as, the value of the estate was increased by
the vicinity of two country seats.
A vicinity of disposition and relative tempers. Jer. Taylor.

2. That which is near, or not remote; that which is adjacent to
anything; adjoining space or country; neighborhood. "The vicinity of
the sun." Bentley.

Syn.
 -- Neighborhood; vicinage. See Neighborhood.

VICIOSITY
Vi`ci*os"i*ty, n.

Defn: Vitiosity. [R.]

VICIOUS
Vi"cious, a. Etym: [OF. vicious, F. vicieux, fr. L. vitiosus, fr.
vitium vice. See Vice a fault.]

1. Characterized by vice or defects; defective; faulty; imperfect.
Though I perchance am vicious in my guess. Shak.
The title of these lords was vicious in its origin. Burke.
A charge against Bentley of vicious reasoning. De Quincey.

2. Addicted to vice; corrupt in principles or conduct; depraved;
wicked; as, vicious children; vicious examples; vicious conduct.
Who . . . heard this heavy curse, Servant of servants, on his vicious
race. Milton.

3. Wanting purity; foul; bad; noxious; as, vicious air, water, etc.
Dryden.

4. Not correct or pure; corrupt; as, vicious language; vicious
idioms.

5. Not well tamed or broken; given to bad tricks; unruly; refractory;
as, a vicious horse.

6. Bitter; spiteful; malignant. [Colloq.]

Syn.
 -- Corrupt; faulty; wicked; depraved.
 -- Vi"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Vi"cious*ness, n.

VICISSITUDE
Vi*cis"si*tude, n. Etym: [L. vicissitudo, fr. vicis change, turn: cf.
F. vicissitude. See Vicarious.]

1. Regular change or succession from one thing to another;
alternation; mutual succession; interchange.
God made two great lights . . . To illuminate the earth and rule the
day In their vicissitude, and rule the night. Milton.

2. Irregular change; revolution; mutation.
This man had, after many vicissitudes of fortune, sunk at last into
abject and hopeless poverty. Macaulay.

VICISSITUDINARY
Vi*cis`si*tu"di*na*ry, a.

Defn: Subject to vicissitudes. Donne.

VICISSITUDINOUS
Vi*cis`si*tu"di*nous, a.

Defn: Full of, or subject to, changes.

VICISSY DUCK
Vi*cis"sy duck`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West Indian duck, sometimes domesticated.

VICKERS' GUN
Vick"ers' gun. (Ordnance)

Defn: One of a system of guns manufactured by the firm of Vickers'
Sons, at Sheffield, Eng. now included in Vickers-Maxim guns.

VICKERS-MAXIM AUTOMATIC MACHINE GUN
Vick"ers-Max"im automatic machine gun.

Defn: An automatic machine gun in which the mechanism is worked by
the recoil, assisted by the pressure of gases from the muzzle, which
expand in a gas chamber against a disk attached to the end of the
barrel, thus moving the latter to the rear with increased recoil, and
against the front wall of the gas chamber, checking the recoil of the
system.

VICKERS-MAXIM GUN
Vickers-Maxim gun. (Ordnance)

Defn: One of a system of ordnance, including machine, quick-fire,
coast, and field guns, of all calibers, manufactured by the combined
firms of Vickers' Sons of Sheffield and Maxim of Birmingham and
elsewhere, England.

VICONTIEL
Vi*con"ti*el, a. Etym: [From OE. vicounte a viscount. See Viscount.]
(O. Eng. Law)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the viscount or sheriff of a country.
Vicontiel rents. See Vicontiels.
 -- Vicontiel writs, such writs as were triable in the sheriff, or
county, court.

VICONTIELS
Vi*con"ti*els, n. pl. Etym: [See Vicontiel.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: Things belonging to the sheriff; especially, farms (called also
vicontiel rents) for which the sheriff used to pay rent to the king.

VICOUNT
Vi"count, n.

Defn: See Viscount.

VICTIM
Vic"tim, n. Etym: [L. victima: cf. F. victime.]

1. A living being sacrificed to some deity, or in the performance of
a religious rite; a creature immolated, or made an offering of.
Led like a victim, to my death I'll go. Dryden.

2. A person or thing destroyed or sacrificed in the pursuit of an
object, or in gratification of a passion; as, a victim to jealousy,
lust, or ambition.

3. A person or living creature destroyed by, or suffering grievous
injury from, another, from fortune or from accident; as, the victim
of a defaulter; the victim of a railroad accident.

4. Hence, one who is duped, or cheated; a dupe; a gull. [Colloq.]

VICTIMATE
Vic"tim*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. victimatus, p. p. of victimare to
sacrifice.]

Defn: To make a victim of; to sacrifice; to immolate. [Obs.]
Bullokar.

VICTIMIZE
Vic"tim*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Victimized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Victimizing.]

Defn: To make a victim of, esp. by deception; to dupe; to cheat.

VICTOR
Vic"tor, n. Etym: [L. victor, fr. vincere, victum, to vanquish, to
conquer. See Vanquish.]

1. The winner in a contest; one who gets the better of another in any
struggle; esp., one who defeats an enemy in battle; a vanquisher; a
conqueror; -- often followed by art, rarely by of.
In love, the victors from the vanquished fly; They fly that wound,
and they pursue that die. Waller.

2. A destroyer. [R. & Poetic]
There, victor of his health, of fortune, friends, And fame, this lord
of useless thousands ends. Pope.

VICTOR
Vic"tor, a.

Defn: Victorious. "The victor Greeks." Pope.

VICTORESS
Vic"tor*ess, n.

Defn: A victress. [Obs.] Spenser.

VICTORIA
Vic*to"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of aquatic plants named in honor of Queen Victoria. The
Victoria regia is a native of Guiana and Brazil. Its large, spreading
leaves are often over five feet in diameter, and have a rim from
three to five inches high; its immense rose-white flowers sometimes
attain a diameter of nearly two feet.

2. A kind of low four-wheeled pleasure carriage, with a calash top,
designed for two persons and the driver who occupies a high seat in
front.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: An asteroid discovered by Hind in 1850; -- called also Clio.
Victoria cross, a bronze Maltese cross, awarded for valor to members
of the British army or navy. It was first bestowed in 1857, at the
close of the Crimean war. The recipients also have a pension of £10 a
year.
 -- Victoria green. (Chem.) See Emerald green, under Green.
 -- Victoria lily (Bot.), the Victoria regia. See def. 1, above.

VICTORIA CRAPE
Victoria crape.

Defn: A kind of cotton crape.

VICTORIAN
Vic*to"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the reign of Queen Victoria of England; as,
the Victorian poets. Victorian period. See Dionysian period, under
Dyonysian.

VICTORINE
Vic`tor*ine", n.

Defn: A woman's fur tippet.

VICTORIOUS
Vic*to"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. victoriosus: cf. F. victorieux. See
Victory.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to victory, or a victor' being a victor;
bringing or causing a victory; conquering; winning; triumphant; as, a
victorious general; victorious troops; a victorious day.
But I shall rise victorious, and subdue My vanquisher. Milton.
Now are our brows bound wind victorious wreaths. Shak.
-- Vic*to"ri*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Vic*to"ri*ous*ness, n.

VICTORIUM
Vic*to"ri*um, n. [NL. So named after Victoria, queen of Great
Britain.] (Chem.)

Defn: A probable chemical element discovered by Sir William Crookes
in 1898. Its nitrate is obtained byy practical decomposition and
crystallization of yttrium nitrate. At. wt., about 117.

VICTORY
Vic"to*ry, n.; pl. Victories. Etym: [OE. victorie, OF. victorie,
victoire, F. victoire, L. victoria. See Victor.]

Defn: The defeat of an enemy in battle, or of an antagonist in any
contest; a gaining of the superiority in any struggle or competition;
conquest; triumph; -- the opposite of Ant: defeat.
Death is swallowed up in victory. 1 Cor. xv. 54.
God on our side, doubt not of victory. Shak.
Victory may be honorable to the arms, but shameful to the counsels,
of a nation. Bolingbroke.

VICTRESS
Vic"tress, n. Etym: [Cf. L. victrix.]

Defn: A woman who wins a victory; a female victor.

VICTRICE
Vic"trice, n.

Defn: A victress. [R.] B. Jonson.

VICTRIX
Vic"trix, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Victress. C. Bronté.

VICTUAL
Vict"ual, n.

1. Food; -- now used chiefly in the plural. See Victuals. 2 Chron.
xi. 23. Shak.
He was not able to keep that place three days for lack of victual.
Knolles.
There came a fair-hair'd youth, that in his hand Bare victual for the
movers. Tennyson.
Short allowance of victual. Longfellow.

2. Grain of any kind. [Scot.] Jamieson.

VICTUAL
Vict"ual, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Victualed or Victualled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Victualing or Victualling.]

Defn: To supply with provisions for subsistence; to provide with
food; to store with sustenance; as, to victual an army; to victual a
ship.
I must go victual Orleans forthwith. Shak.

VICTUALAGE
Vict"ual*age (; 48), n.

Defn: Victuals; food. [R.] "With my cargo of victualage." C. Bronté.

VICTUALER
Vict"ual*er, n. Etym: [F. victuailleur.] [Written also victualler.]

1. One who furnishes victuals.

2. One who keeps a house of entertainment; a tavern keeper; an
innkeeper. Shak.

3. A vessel employed to carry provisions, usually for military or
naval use; a provision use; a provision ship.

4. One who deals in grain; a corn factor. [Scot.] Licensed victualer.
See under Licensed.

VICTUALING
Vict"ual*ing, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to victuals, or provisions; supplying
provisions; as, a victualing ship.

VICTUALS
Vict"uals, n. pl. Etym: [OE. vitaille, OF. vitaille, F. victuaille,
pl. victuailles, fr. L. victualia, pl. of. victualis belonging to
living or nourishment, fr. victus nourishment, from vivere, victum,
to live; akin to vivus living. See Vivid.]

Defn: Food for human beings, esp. when it is cooked or prepared for
the table; that which supports human life; provisions; sustenance;
meat; viands.
Then had we plenty of victuals. Jer. xliv. 17.

VICTUS
Vic"tus, n. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Food; diet.

VICUNA; VICUNYA; VICUGNA
Vi*cu"ña, Vi*cu"gna, n. Etym: [Sp. vicuña. Cf. Vigonia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American mammal (Auchenia vicunna) native of the
elevated plains of the Andes, allied to the llama but smaller. It has
a thick coat of very fine reddish brown wool, and long, pendent white
hair on the breast and belly. It is hunted for its wool and flesh.

VIDA FINCH
Vid"a finch`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The whidah bird.

VIDAME
Vi*dame", n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. vice-dominus, fr. L. vice instead of
+ dominus master, lord.] (Fr. Feud. Law)

Defn: One of a class of temporal officers who originally represented
the bishops, but later erected their offices into fiefs, and became
feudal nobles.

VIDE
Vi"de,

Defn: imperative sing. of L. videre, to see; -- used to direct
attention to something; as, vide supra, see above.

VIDELICET
Vi*del"i*cet, adv. Etym: [L., contr. fr. videre licet, literally, it
is easy to see, one may or can see.]

Defn: To wit; namely; -- often abbreviated to viz.

VIDETTE
Vi*dette", n. (Mil.)

Defn: Same Vedette.

VIDONIA
Vi*do"ni*a, n. Etym: [Cf. Pg. vidonho the quality of grapes, Sp.
veduño.]

Defn: A dry white wine, of a tart flavor, produced in Teneriffe; --
called also Teneriffe.

VIDUAGE
Vid"u*age, n. Etym: [See Vidual.]

Defn: The state of widows or of widowhood; also, widows,
collectively.

VIDUAL
Vid"u*al, a. Etym: [L. vidualis, fr. vidua a widow, fr. viduus
widowed. See Widow.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the state of a widow; widowed. [R.] Jer.
Taylor.

VIDUATION
Vid`u*a"tion, n.

Defn: The state of being widowed or bereaved; loss; bereavement. [R.]

VIDUITY
Vi*du"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. viduitas: cf. F. viduité.]

Defn: Widowhood. [R.] "Chaste viduity." Ld. Ellenborough.

VIE
Vie, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Vied; p. pr. & vb. n. Vying.] Etym: [OE.
vien, shortened fr. envien, OF. envier to invite, to challenge, a
word used in gambling, L. invitare to invite; of uncertain origin.
Cf. Invite, Envie.]

1. To stake a sum upon a hand of cards, as in the old game of gleek.
See Revie. [Obs.]

2. To strive for superiority; to contend; to use emulous effort, as
in a race, contest, or competition.
In a trading nation, the younger sons may be placed in such a way of
life as . . . to vie with the best of their family. Addison.
While Waterloo with Cannæ's carnage vies. Byron.

VIE
Vie, v. t.

1. To stake; to wager. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. To do or produce in emulation, competition, or rivalry; to put in
competition; to bandy. [Obs.]
She hung about my neck; and kiss on kiss She vied so fast. Shak.
Nor was he set over us to vie wisdom with his Parliament, but to be
guided by them. Milton.
And vying malice with my gentleness, Pick quarrels with their only
happiness. Herbert.

VIE
Vie, n.

Defn: A contest for superiority; competition; rivalry; strife; also,
a challenge; a wager. [Obs.]
We 'll all to church together instantly, And then a vie for boys. J.
Fletcher.

VIELLE
Vi*elle", n. Etym: [F. Cf. Viol.]

Defn: An old stringed instrument played upon with a wheel; a hurdy-
gurdy.

VIENNA PASTE
Vi*en"na paste`. (Pharm.)

Defn: A caustic application made up of equal parts of caustic potash
and quicklime; -- called also Vienna caustic.

VIENNESE
Vi`en*nese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Vienna, or people of Vienna.
 -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: An inhabitant, or the inhabitants, of Vienna.

VIERKLEUR
Vier"kleur`, n. [D., fr. vier four + kleur color, F. couleur.]

Defn: The four-colored flag of the South African Republic, or
Transvaal, -- red, white, blue, and green.

VIEW
View, n. Etym: [OF. veue, F. vue, fr. OF. veoir to see, p. p. veu, F.
voir, p. p. vu, fr. L. videre to see. See Vision, and cl. Interview,
Purview, Review, Vista.]

1. The act of seeing or beholding; sight; look; survey; examination
by the eye; inspection.
Thenceforth I thought thee worth my nearer view. Milton.
Objects near our view are thought greater than those of a larger size
are more remote. Locke.
Surveying nature with too nice a view. Dryden.

2. Mental survey; intellectual perception or examination; as, a just
view of the arguments or facts in a case.
I have with exact view perused thee, Hector. Shak.

3. Power of seeing, either physically or mentally; reach or range of
sight; extent of prospect.
The walls of Pluto's palace are in view. Dryden.

4. That which is seen or beheld; sight presented to the natural or
intellectual eye; scene; prospect; as, the view from a window.
'T is distance lends enchantment to the view. Campbell.

5. The pictorial representation of a scene; a sketch, as, a fine view
of Lake George.

6. Mode of looking at anything; manner of apprehension; conception;
opinion; judgment; as, to state one's views of the policy which ought
to be pursued.
To give a right view of this mistaken part of liberty. Locke.

7. That which is looked towards, or kept in sight, as object, aim,
intention, purpose, design; as, he did it with a view of escaping.
No man sets himself about anything but upon some view or other which
serves him for a reason. Locke.

8. Appearance; show; aspect. [Obs.]
[Graces] which, by the splendor of her view Dazzled, before we never
knew. Waller.
Field of view. See under Field.
 -- Point of view. See under Point.
 -- To have in view, to have in mind as an incident, object, or aim;
as, to have one's resignation in view.
 -- View halloo, the shout uttered by a hunter upon seeing the fox
break cover.
 -- View of frankpledge (Law), a court of record, held in a hundred,
lordship, or manor, before the steward of the leet. Blackstone.
 -- View of premises (Law), the inspection by the jury of the place
where a litigated transaction is said to have occurred.

VIEW
View, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Viewed; p. pr. & vb. n. Viewing.]

1. To see; to behold; especially, to look at with attention, or for
the purpose of examining; to examine with the eye; to inspect; to
explore.
O, let me view his visage, being dead. Shak.
Nearer to view his prey, and, unespied, To mark what of their state
he more might learn. Milton.

2. To survey or examine mentally; to consider; as, to view the
subject in all its aspects.
The happiest youth, viewing his progress through. Shak.

VIEWER
View"er, n.

1. One who views or examines.

2. (Law)

Defn: A person appointed to inspect highways, fences, or the like,
and to report upon the same.

3. The superintendent of a coal mine. [Eng.]

VIEWINESS
View"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being viewy, or of having unpractical
views.

VIEWLESS
View"less, a.

Defn: Not perceivable by the eye; invisible; unseen. "Viewless
winds." Shak.
Swift through the valves the visionary fair Repassed, and viewless
mixed with common air. Pope.

VIEWLY; VIEWSOME
View"ly, View"some, a.

Defn: Pleasing to the sight; sightly. [Prov. Eng.]

VIEWY
View"y, a.

1. Having peculiar views; fanciful; visionary; unpractical; as, a
viewy person.

2. Spectacular; pleasing to the eye or the imagination.
A government intent on showy absurdities and viewy enterprises rather
than solid work. London Spectator.

VIFDA
Vif"da, n.

Defn: In the Orkney and Shetland Islands, beef and mutton hung and
dried, but not salted. [Scot.] [Written also vivda.] Jamieson.

VIGESIMAL
Vi*ges"i*mal, a. Etym: [L. vigesimus twentieth, from viginti twenty.]

Defn: Twentieth; divided into, or consisting of, twenties or twenty
parts. Tylor.

VIGESIMATION
Vi*ges`i*ma"tion, n.

Defn: The act of putting to death every twentieth man. [R.]

VIGESIMO-QUARTO
Vi*ges"i*mo-quar"to, a. Etym: [L. vigesimus quartus twenty-fourth.
Cf. Duodecimo.]

Defn: Having twenty-four leaves to a sheet; as, a vigesimo-quarto
form, book, leaf, size, etc.

VIGESIMO-QUARTO
Vi*ges"i*mo-quar"to, n.; pl. -tos (.

Defn: A book composed of sheets each of which is folded into twenty-
four leaves; hence, indicating more or less definitely a size of book
so made; -- usually written 24mo, or 24º.

VIGIL
Vig"il, n. Etym: [OE. vigile, L. vigilia, from vigil awake, watchful,
probably akin to E. wake: cf. F. vigile. See Wake, v. i., and cf.
Reveille, Surveillance, Vedette, Vegetable, Vigor.]

1. Abstinence from sleep, whether at a time when sleep is customary
or not; the act of keeping awake, or the state of being awake, or the
state of being awake; sleeplessness; wakefulness; watch. "Worn out by
the labors and vigils of many months." Macaulay.
Nothing wears out a fine face like the vigils of the card table and
those cutting passions which attend them. Addison.

2. Hence, devotional watching; waking for prayer, or other religious
exercises.
So they in heaven their odes and vigils tuned. Milton.
Be sober and keep vigil, The Judge is at the gate. Neale (Rhythm of
St. Bernard).

3. (Eccl.)
(a) Originally, the watch kept on the night before a feast.
(b) Later, the day and the night preceding a feast.
He that shall live this day, and see old age, Will yearly on the
vigil feast his neighbors, And say, "To-morrow is St. Crispian."
Shak.

(c) A religious service performed in the evening preceding a feast.
Vigils, or Watchings, of flowers (Bot.), a peculiar faculty belonging
to the flowers of certain plants of opening and closing their petals
as certain hours of the day. [R.]

VIGILANCE
Vig"i*lance, n. Etym: [L. vigilantia: cf. F. vigilance.]

1. The quality or state of being vigilant; forbearance of sleep;
wakefulness.

2. Watchfulness in respect of danger; care; caution; circumspection.
Cowper.
And flaming ministers to watch and tend Their earthly charge; of
these the vigilance I dread. Milton.

3. Guard; watch. [Obs.] "In at this gate none pass the vigilance here
placed." Milton. Vigilance committee, a volunteer committee of
citizens for the oversight and protection of any interest, esp. one
organized for the summary suppression and punishment of crime, as
when the processes of law appear inadequate.

VIGILANCY
Vig"i*lan*cy, n.

Defn: Vigilance. [Obs.] Fuller.

VIGILANT
Vig"i*lant, a. Etym: [L. vigilans, -antis, p. pr. of vigilare to
watch, fr. vigil awake: cf. F. vigilant. See Vigil.]

Defn: Attentive to discover and avoid danger, or to provide for
safety; wakeful; watchful; circumspect; wary. "Be sober, be
vigilant." 1 Pet. v. 8.
Sirs, take your places, and be vigilant. Shak.

VIGILANTLY
Vig"i*lant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a vigilant manner.

VIGILY
Vig"i*ly, n. Etym: [L. vigilia.]

Defn: A vigil. [Obs.] Chaucer.

VIGINTIVIRATE
Vi`gin*tiv"i*rate, n. Etym: [L. vigintiviratus, fr. vigintiviri;
viginti twenty + vir a man.]

Defn: The office of the vigintiviri, a body of officers of government
consisting of twenty men; also, the vigintiviri. [R.]

VIGNETTE
Vi*gnette", n. Etym: [F. vignette, fr. vigne a vine. See Vine, and
cf. Vinette.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A running ornament consisting of leaves and tendrils, used in
Gothic architecture.

2. A decorative design, originally representing vine branches or
tendrils, at the head of a chapter, of a manuscript or printed book,
or in a similar position; hence, by extension, any small picture in a
book; hence, also, as such pictures are often without a definite
bounding line, any picture, as an engraving, a photograph, or the
like, which vanishes gradually at the edge.

VIGNETTE
Vi*gnette", v. t.

Defn: To make, as an engraving or a photograph, with a border or edge
insensibly fading away.

VIGNETTER
Vi*gnett"er, n.

1. A device used by photographers in printing vignettes, consisting
of a screen of paper or glass with a central aperture the edges of
which become opaque by intensible gradations.

2.  A maker of vignettes.

VIGONIA
Vi*go"ni*a, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vigogne vicuña. See Vicuña.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the vicuña; characterizing the vicuña; --
said of the wool of that animal, used in felting hats, and for other
purposes. Prescott.

VIGOR
Vig"or, n. Etym: [OE. vigour, vigor, OF. vigor, vigur, vigour, F.
vigueur, fr. L. vigor, fr. vigere to be lively or strong. See
Vegetable, Vigil.]

1. Active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion,
physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy.
The vigor of this arm was never vain. Dryden.

2. Strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature
or action; as, a plant grows with vigor.

3. Strength; efficacy; potency.
But in the fruithful earth . . . His beams, unactive else, their
vigor find. Milton.

Note: Vigor and its derivatives commonly imply active strength, or
the power of action and exertion, in distinction from passive
strength, or strength to endure.

VIGOR
Vig"or, v. t.

Defn: To invigorate. [Obs.] Feltham.

VIGORITE
Vig"or*ite, n. Etym: [L. vigor strength.]

Defn: An explosive containing nitroglycerin. It is used in blasting.

VIGOROSO
Vig`o*ro"so, a. & adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Vigorous; energetic; with energy; -- a direction to perform a
passage with energy and force.

VIGOROUS
Vig"or*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. vigoros, F. vigoureux, LL. vigorosus.]

1. Possessing vigor; full of physical or mental strength or active
force; strong; lusty; robust; as, a vigorous youth; a vigorous plant.
Famed for his valor, young, At sea successful, vigorous and strong.
Waller.

2. Exhibiting strength, either of body or mind; powerful; strong;
forcible; energetic; as, vigorous exertions; a vigorous prosecution
of a war.
The beginnings of confederacies have been always vigorous and
successful. Davenant.
-- Vig"or*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Vig"or*ous*ness, n.

VIKING
Vi"king, n. Etym: [Icel. vikingr, fr. vik a bay, inlet.]

Defn: One belonging to the pirate crews from among the Northmen, who
plundered the coasts of Europe in the eighth, ninth, and tenth
centuries.
Of grim Vikings, and the rapture Of the sea fight, and the capture,
And the life of slavery. Longfellow.

Note: Vikings differs in meaning from sea king, with which frequently
confounded. "The sea king was a man connected with a royal race,
either of the small kings of the country, or of the Haarfager family,
and who, by right, received the title of king as soon he took the
command of men, although only of a single ship's crew, and without
having any land or kingdom . . . Vikings were merely pirates,
alternately peasants and pirates, deriving the name of viking from
the vicks, wicks, or inlets, on the coast in which they harbored with
their long ships or rowing galleys." Laing.

VILANY
Vil"a*ny, n.

Defn: Villainy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

VILAYET
Vi`la*yet", n. Etym: [Turk., from Ar. wilayah.]

Defn: One of the chief administrative divisions or provinces of the
Ottoman Empire; -- formerly called eyalet.

VILD
Vild, a. Etym: [As if the p. p. of a verb to vile. See Vile, a.]

Defn: Vile. [Obs.] "That vild race." Spenser.
 -- Vild"ly, adv. [Obs.] Spenser.

VILE
Vile, a. [Comp. Viler; superl. Vilest.] Etym: [OE. vil, F. vil, from
L. vilis cheap, worthless, vile, base.]

1. Low; base; worthless; mean; despicable.
A poor man in vile raiment. James ii. 2.
The craft either of fishing, which was Peter's, or of making tents,
which was Paul's, were [was] more vile than the science of physic.
Ridley.
The inhabitants account gold but as a vile thing. Abp. Abbot.

2. Morally base or impure; depraved by sin; hateful; in the sight of
God and men; sinful; wicked; bad. "Such vile base practices." Shak.
Behold, I am vile; what shall I answer thee Job xl. 4.

Syn.
 -- See Base.
 -- Vile"ly, adv.
 -- Vile"ness, n.

VILED
Viled, a. Etym: [See Vild.]

Defn: Abusive; scurrilous; defamatory; vile. [Obs.] "Viled speeches."
Hayward.

VILEYNS
Vil"eyns, a. Etym: [See Villain.]

Defn: Villainous. [Obs.] "Vileyns sinful deeds make a churl."
Chaucer.

VILIFICATION
Vil`i*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of vilifying or defaming; abuse. South.

VILIFIER
Vil"i*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who vilifies or defames.

VILIFY
Vil"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vilified; p. pr. & vb. n. Vilifying.]
Etym: [L. vilis vile + -fly; cf. L. vilificare to esteem of little
value.]

1. To make vile; to debase; to degrade; to disgrace. [R.]
When themselves they vilified To serve ungoverned appetite. Milton.

2. To degrade or debase by report; to defame; to traduce; to
calumniate. I. Taylor.
Many passions dispose us to depress and vilify the merit of one
rising in the esteem of mankind. Addison.

3. To treat as vile; to despise. [Obs.]
I do vilify your censure. Beau. & Fl.

VILIPEND
Vil"i*pend, v. t. Etym: [L. vilipendere; vilis vile + pendere to
weigh, to value: cf. F. vilipender.]

Defn: To value lightly; to depreciate; to slight; to despise.
To vilipend the art of portrait painting. Longfellow.

VILIPENDENCY
Vil"i*pend"en*cy, n.

Defn: Disesteem; slight; disparagement. [R.] E. Waterhouse.

VILITY
Vil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. vilitas: cf. F. vileté, vilité, OF. vilté.]

Defn: Vileness; baseness. [Obs.] Kennet.

VILL
Vill, n. Etym: [OF. ville, vile, a village, F. ville a town, city.
See Villa.]

Defn: A small collection of houses; a village. "Every manor, town, or
vill." Sir M. Hale.
Not should e'er the crested fowl From thorp or vill his matins sound
for me. Wordsworth.

Note: A word of various significations in English, law; as, a manor;
a tithing; a town; a township; a parish; a part of a parish; a
village. The original meaning of vill, in England, seems to have been
derived from the Roman sense of the term villa, a single country
residence or farm; a manor. Later, the term was applied only to a
collection of houses more than two, and hence came to comprehend
towns. Burrill. The statute of Exeter, 14 Edward I., mentions entire-
vills, demivills, and hamlets.

VILLA
Vil"la, n.; pl. Villas. Etym: [L. villa, LL. also village, dim. of L.
vicus a village: cf. It. & F. villa. See Vicinity, and cf. Vill,
Village, Villain.]

Defn: A country seat; a country or suburban residence of some
pretensions to elegance. Dryden. Cowper.

VILLAGE
Vil"lage (; 48), n. Etym: [F., fr. L. villaticus belonging to a
country house or villa. See Villa, and cf. Villatic.]

Defn: A small assemblage of houses in the country, less than a town
or city. Village cart, a kind of two-wheeled pleasure carriage
without a top.

Syn.
 -- Village, Hamlet, Town, City. In England, a hamlet denotes a
collection of houses, too small to have a parish church. A village
has a church, but no market. A town has both a market and a church or
churches. A city is, in the legal sense, an incorporated borough
town, which is, or has been, the place of a bishop's see. In the
United States these distinctions do not hold.

VILLAGER
Vil"la*ger, n.

Defn: An inhabitant of a village.
Brutus had rather be a villager Than to repute himself a son of Rome
Under these hard condition. Shak.

VILLAGERY
Vil"lage*ry, n.

Defn: Villages; a district of villages. [Obs.] "The maidens of the
villagery." Shak.

VILLAIN
Vil"lain, n. Etym: [OE. vilein, F. vilain, LL. villanus, from villa a
village, L. villa a farm. See Villa.]

1. (Feudal Law)

Defn: One who holds lands by a base, or servile, tenure, or in
villenage; a feudal tenant of the lowest class, a bondman or servant.
[In this sense written also villan, and villein.]
If any of my ansectors was a tenant, and a servant, and held his
lands as a villain to his lord, his posterity also must do so, though
accidentally they become noble. Jer. Taylor.

Note: Villains were of two sorts; villains regardant, that is,
annexed to the manor (LL. adscripti glebæ); and villains in gross,
that is, annexed to the person of their lord, and transferable from
one to another. Blackstone.

2. A baseborn or clownish person; a boor. [R.]
Pour the blood of the villain in one basin, and the blood of the
gentleman in another, what difference shall there be proved Becon.

3. A vile, wicked person; a man extremely depraved, and capable or
guilty of great crimes; a deliberate scoundrel; a knave; a rascal; a
scamp.
Like a villain with a smiling cheek. Shak.
Calm, thinking villains, whom no faith could fix. Pope.

VILLAIN
Vil"lain, a. Etym: [F. vilain.]

Defn: Villainous. [R.] Shak.

VILLAIN
Vil"lain, v. t.

Defn: To debase; to degrade. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

VILLAINOUS
Vil"lain*ous, a. Etym: [Written also villanous.]

1. Base; vile; mean; depraved; as, a villainous person or wretch.

2. Proceeding from, or showing, extreme depravity; suited to a
villain; as, a villainous action.

3. Sorry; mean; mischievous; -- in a familiar sense. "A villainous
trick of thine eye." Shak. Villainous judgment (O. E. Law), a
judgment that casts reproach on the guilty person. ---
Vil"lain*ous*ly, adv. Vil"lain*ous*ness, n.

VILLAINY
Vil"lain*y, n.; pl. Villainies. Etym: [OE. vilanie, OF. vilanie,
vilainie, vileinie, vilanie, LL. villania. See Villain, n.] [Written
also villany.]

1. The quality or state of being a villain, or villainous; extreme
depravity; atrocious wickedness; as, the villainy of the seducer.
"Lucre of vilanye." Chaucer.
The commendation is not in his wit, but in his villainy. Shak.

2. Abusive, reproachful language; discourteous speech; foul talk.
[Archaic]
He never yet not vileinye ne said In all his life, unto no manner
wight. Chaucer.
In our modern language, it [foul language] is termed villainy, as
being proper for rustic boors, or men of coarsest education and
employment. Barrow.
Villainy till a very late day expressed words foul and disgraceful to
the utterer much oftener than deeds. Trench.

3. The act of a villain; a deed of deep depravity; a crime.
Such villainies roused Horace into wrath. Dryden.
That execrable sum of all villainies commonly called a slave trade.
John Wesley.

VILLAKIN
Vil"la*kin, n.

Defn: A little villa. [R.] Gay.

VILLAN
Vil"lan, n.

Defn: A villain. [R.]

VILLANAGE
Vil"lan*age (; 48), n. Etym: [OF. villenage, vilenage. See Villain.]

1. (Feudal Law)

Defn: The state of a villain, or serf; base servitude; tenure on
condition of doing the meanest services for the lord. [In this sense
written also villenage, and villeinage.]
I speak even now as if sin were condemned in a perpetual villanage,
never to be manumitted. Milton.
Some faint traces of villanage were detected by the curious so late
as the days of the Stuarts. Macaulay.

2. Baseness; infamy; villainy. [Obs.] Dryden.

VILLANEL
Vil`la*nel", n. Etym: [See Villanelle.]

Defn: A ballad. [Obs.] Cotton.

VILLANELLA
Vil`la*nel"la, n.; pl. Villanelle. Etym: [It., a pretty country
girl.] (Mus.)

Defn: An old rustic dance, accompanied with singing.

VILLANELLE
Vil`la*nelle", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A poem written in tercets with but two rhymes, the first and
third verse of the first stanza alternating as the third verse in
each successive stanza and forming a couplet at the close. E. W.
Gosse.

VILLANETTE
Vil`la*nette", n. Etym: [Dim. of villa; formed on the analogy of the
French.]

Defn: A small villa. [R.]

VILLANIZE
Vil"lan*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Villanized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Villanizing.]

Defn: To make vile; to debase; to degrade; to revile. [R.]
Were virtue by descent, a noble name Could never villanize his
father's fame. Dryden.

VILLANIZER
Vil"lan*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who villanizes. [R.]

VILLANOUS; VILLANOUSLY; VILLANOUSNESS
Vil"lan*ous, a. Vil"lan*ous*ly, adv., Vil"lan*ous*ness, n.,

Defn: See Villainous, etc.

VILLANY
Vil"lan*y, n.

Defn: See Villainy.

VILLATIC
Vil*lat"ic, a. Etym: [L. villaticus belonging to a country house. See
Village.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a farm or a village; rural. "Tame villatic
fowl." Milton.

VILLEIN
Vil"lein, n. (Feudal Law)

Defn: See Villain, 1.

VILLENAGE
Vil"len*age, n. Etym: [See Villanage.] (Feudal Law)

Defn: Villanage. Blackstone.

VILLENOUS
Vil"len*ous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a villein.

VILLI
Vil"li, n.

Defn: , pl. of Villus.

VILLIFORM
Vil"li*form, a. Etym: [Villus + -form.]

Defn: Having the form or appearance of villi; like close-set fibers,
either hard or soft; as, the teeth of perch are villiform.

VILLOSE
Vil*lose", a. (Bot.)

Defn: See Villous.

VILLOSITY
Vil*los"i*ty, n.

1. State of being villous.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A coating of long, slender hairs.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: A villus.

VILLOUS
Vil"lous, a. Etym: [L. villosus: cf. F. villeux. Cf. Velvet.]

1. Abounding in, or covered with, fine hairs, or a woolly substance;
shaggy with soft hairs; nappy.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Furnished or clothed with villi.

VILLUS
Vil"lus, n.; pl. Villi. Etym: [L., shaggy hair, a tuft of hair.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the minute papillary processes on certain vascular
membranes; a villosity; as, villi cover the lining of the small
intestines of many animals and serve to increase the absorbing
surface.

2. pl. (Bot.)

Defn: Fine hairs on plants, resembling the pile of velvet.

VIM
Vim, n. Etym: [L., accusative of vis strength.]

Defn: Power; force; energy; spirit; activity; vigor. [Colloq.]

VIMEN
Vi"men, n. Etym: [L., a twig.] (Bot.)

Defn: A long, slender, flexible shoot or branch.

VIMINAL
Vim"i*nal, a. Etym: [L. viminalis pertaining to osiers, fr. vimen a
pliant twig, osier.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to twigs; consisting of twigs; producing
twigs.

VIMINEOUS
Vi*min"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. vimineus, fr. vimen pliant twig.]

1. Of or pertaining to twigs; made of pliant twigs. "In the hive's
vimineous dome." Prior.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Producing long, slender twigs or shoots.

VINACEOUS
Vi*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. vinaceus. See Vine.]

1. Belonging to, or like, wine or grapes.

2. Of the color of wine, especially of red wine.

VINAIGRETTE
Vin`ai*grette", n. Etym: [F., fr. vinaigre vinegar.]

1. (Cookery)

Defn: A sauce, made of vinegar, oil, and other ingredients, -- used
esp. for cold meats.

2. A small perforated box for holding aromatic vinegar contained in a
sponge, or a smelling bottle for smelling salts; -- called also
vinegarette.

3. A small, two-wheeled vehicle, like a Bath chair, to be drawn or
pushed by a boy or man. [R.]

VINAIGROUS
Vin"ai*grous, a. Etym: [F. vinaigre vinegar.]

1. Resembling vinegar; sour.

2. Fig.: Unamiable; morose. Carlyle.

VINASSE
Vi*nasse", n. Etym: [F.] (Chem.)

Defn: The waste liquor remaining in the process of making beet sugar,
-- used in the manufacture of potassium carbonate.

VINATICO
Vi*nat"i*co, n. Etym: [Pg. vinhatico.]

Defn: Madeira mahogany; the coarse, dark-colored wood of the Persea
Indica.

VINCENTIAN
Vin*cen"tian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Saint Vincent de Paul, or founded by him.
[R.]

VINCENTIAN
Vin*cen"tian, n. (R. C. Ch.)
(a) Same as Lazarist.
(b) A member of certain charitable sisterhoods.

VINCETOXIN
Vin`ce*tox"in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside extracted from the root of the white swallowwort
(Vincetoxicum officinale, a plant of the Asclepias family) as a
bitter yellow amorphous substance; -- called also asclepiadin, and
cynanchin.

VINCIBILITY
Vin`ci*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vincible, vincibleness.

VINCIBLE
Vin"ci*ble, a. Etym: [L. vincibilis, fr. vincere to vanquish,
conquer: cf. F. vincible. See Victor.]

Defn: Capable of being overcome or subdued; conquerable. "He, not
vincible in spirit . . . drew his sword." Hayward. "Vincible by human
aid." Paley. Vincible ignorance (Theol.), ignorance within the
individual's control and for which, therefore, he is responsible
before God.

VINCIBLENESS
Vin"ci*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vincible.

VINCTURE
Vinc"ture, n. Etym: [L. vinctura, fr. vincire, vinctum, to bind.]

Defn: A binding. [Obs.]

VINCULUM
Vin"cu*lum, n.; pl. L. Vincula, E. Vinculums. Etym: [L., from
vincire, vinctum, to bind.]

1. A bond of union; a tie.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A straight, horizontal mark placed over two or more members of
a compound quantity, which are to be subjected to the same operation,
as in the expression x2 + y2 - x + y.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: A band or bundle of fibers; a frænum.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A commissure uniting the two main tendons in the foot of
certain birds.

VINDEMIAL
Vin*de"mi*al, a. Etym: [L. vindemialis, fr. vindemia a vintage. See
Vintage.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a vintage, or grape harvest. [R.]

VINDEMIATE
Vin*de"mi*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. vindemiare. See Vindemial.]

Defn: To gather the vintage. [Obs.] Evelyn.

VINDEMIATION
Vin*de`mi*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. vindemiatio.]

Defn: The operation of gathering grapes. [Obs.] Bailey.

VINDICABLE
Vin"di*ca*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being vindicated.
 -- Vin`di*ca*bil"i*ty, n.

VINDICATE
Vin"di*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vindicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vindicating.] Etym: [L. vindicatus, p. p. of vindicare to lay claim
to, defend, avenge. See Vengeance.]

1. To lay claim to; to assert a right to; to claim. [R.]
Is thine alone the seed that strews the plain The birds of heaven
shall vindicate their grain. Pope.

2. To maintain or defend with success; to prove to be valid; to
assert convincingly; to sustain against assault; as, to vindicate a
right, claim, or title.

3. To support or maintain as true or correct, against denial,
censure, or objections; to defend; to justify.
When the respondent denies any proposition, the opponent must
directly vindicate . . . that proposition. I. Watts.
Laugh where we must, be candid where we can, But vindicate the ways
of God to man. Pope.

4. To maintain, as a law or a cause, by overthrowing enemies. Milton.

5. To liberate; to set free; to deliver. [Obs.]
I am confident he deserves much more That vindicates his country from
a tyrant Than he that saves a citizen. Massinger.

6. To avenge; to punish; as, a war to vindicate or punish infidelity.
[Obs.] Bacon.
God is more powerful to exact subjection and to vindicate rebellion.
Bp. Pearson.

Syn.
 -- To assert; maintain; claim. See Assert.

VINDICATION
Vin`di*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. vindicatio a laying claim, defense,
vindication. See Vindicate.]

1. The act of vindicating, or the state of being vindicated; defense;
justification against denial or censure; as, the vindication of
opinions; his vindication is complete.
Occasion for the vindication of this passage in my book. Locke.

2. (Civil Law)

Defn: The claiming a thing as one's own; the asserting of a right or
title in, or to, a thing. Burrill.

VINDICATIVE
Vin"di*ca*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vindicatif. Cf. Vindictive.]

1. Tending to vindicate; vindicating; as, a vindicative policy.

2. Revengeful; vindictive. [Obs.]
Vindicative persons live the life of witches, who, as they are
mischievous, so end they infortunate. Bacon.
-- Vin"di*ca*tive*ness, n.

VINDICATOR
Vin"di*ca`tor, n. Etym: [LL., an avenger.]

Defn: One who vindicates; one who justifies or maintains. Locke.

VINDICATORY
Vin"di*ca*to*ry, a.

1. Tending or serving to vindicate or justify; justificatory;
vindicative.

2. Inflicting punishment; avenging; punitory.
The afflictions of Job were no vindicatory punishments to take
vengeance of his sins. Abp. Bramhall.

VINDICTIVE
Vin*dic"tive, a. Etym: [For vindicative, confused with L. vindicta
revenge, punishment, fr. vindicare to vindicate. Cf. Vindicative.]

1. Disposed to revenge; prompted or characterized by revenge;
revengeful.
I am vindictive enough to repel force by force. Dryden.

2. Punitive. [Obs.] Vindictive damages. (Law) See under Damage, n.
 -- Vin*dic"tive*ly, adv.
 -- Vin*dic"tive*ness, n.

VINE
Vine, n. Etym: [F. vigne, L. vinea a vineyard, vine from vineus of or
belonging to wine, vinum wine, grapes. See Wine, and cf. Vignette.]
(Bot.)
(a) Any woody climbing plant which bears grapes.
(b) Hence, a climbing or trailing plant; the long, slender stem of
any plant that trails on the ground, or climbs by winding round a
fixed object, or by seizing anything with its tendrils, or claspers;
a creeper; as, the hop vine; the bean vine; the vines of melons,
squashes, pumpkins, and other cucurbitaceous plants.
There shall be no grapes on the vine. Jer. viii. 13.
And one went out into the field to gather herbs, and found a wild
vine, and gathered thereof wild gourds. 2 Kings iv. 89.
Vine apple (Bot.), a small kind of squash. Roger Williams.
 -- Vine beetle (Zoöl.), any one of several species of beetles which
are injurious to the leaves or branches of the grapevine. Among the
more important species are the grapevine fidia (see Fidia), the
spotted Pelidnota (see Rutilian), the vine fleabeetle (Graptodera
chalybea), the rose beetle (see under Rose), the vine weevil, and
several species of Colaspis and Anomala.
 -- Vine borer. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of beetles
whose larvæ bore in the wood or pith of the grapevine, especially
Sinoxylon basilare, a small species the larva of which bores in the
stems, and Ampeloglypter sesostris, a small reddish brown weevil
(called also vine weevil), which produces knotlike galls on the
branches. (b) A clearwing moth (Ægeria polistiformis), whose larva
bores in the roots of the grapevine and is often destructive.
 -- Vine dragon, an old and fruitless branch of a vine. [Obs.]
Holland.
 -- Vine forester (Zoöl.), any one of several species of moths
belonging to Alypia and allied genera, whose larvæ feed on the leaves
of the grapevine.
 -- Vine fretter (Zoöl.), a plant louse, esp. the phylloxera that
injuries the grapevine.
 -- Vine grub (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of insect larvæ
that are injurious to the grapevine.
 -- Vine hopper (Zoöl.), any one of several species of leaf hoppers
which suck the sap of the grapevine, especially Erythroneura vitis.
See Illust. of Grape hopper, under Grape.
 -- Vine inchworm (Zoöl.), the larva of any species of geometrid
moths which feed on the leaves of the grapevine, especially Cidaria
diversilineata.
 -- Vine-leaf rooer (Zoöl.), a small moth (Desmia maculalis) whose
larva makes a nest by rolling up the leaves of the grapevine. The
moth is brownish black, spotted with white.
 -- Vine louse (Zoöl.), the phylloxera.
 -- Vine mildew (Bot.), a fungous growth which forms a white,
delicate, cottony layer upon the leaves, young shoots, and fruit of
the vine, causing brown spots upon the green parts, and finally a
hardening and destruction of the vitality of the surface. The plant
has been called Oidium Tuckeri, but is now thought to be the conidia-
producing stage of an Erysiphe.
 -- Vine of Sodom (Bot.), a plant named in the Bible (Deut. xxxii.
32), now thought to be identical with the apple of Sodom. See Apple
of Sodom, under Apple.
 -- Vine sawfly (Zoöl.), a small black sawfiy (Selandria vitis) whose
larva feeds upon the leaves of the grapevine. The larvæ stand side by
side in clusters while feeding.
 -- Vine slug (Zoöl.), the larva of the vine sawfly.
 -- Vine sorrel (Bot.), a climbing plant (Cissus acida) related to
the grapevine, and having acid leaves. It is found in Florida and the
West Indies.
 -- Vine sphinx (Zoöl.), any one of several species of hawk moths.
The larvæ feed on grapevine leaves.
 -- Vine weevil. (Zoöl.) See Vine borer (a) above, and Wound gall,
under Wound.

VINEAL
Vi"ne*al, a. Etym: [L. vinealis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to vines; containing vines. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.

VINE-CLAD
Vine"-clad`, a.

Defn: Covered with vines.

VINED
Vined, a.

Defn: Having leaves like those of the vine; ornamented with vine
leaves. "Vined and figured columns." Sir H. Wotton.

VINEDRESSER
Vine"dress`er, n.

Defn: One who cultivates, prunes, or cares for, grapevines; a laborer
in a vineyard.
The sons of the shall be your plowmen and your vinedressers. Isa.
lxi. 5.

VINEGAR
Vin"e*gar, n. Etym: [OE. vinegre, F. vinaigre; vin wine (L. vinum) +
aigre sour. See Wine, and Eager, a.]

1. A sour liquid used as a condiment, or as a preservative, and
obtained by the spontaneous (acetous) fermentation, or by the
artificial oxidation, of wine, cider, beer, or the like.

Note: The characteristic sourness of vinegar is due to acetic acid,
of which it contains from three to five per cent. Wine vinegar
contains also tartaric acid, citric acid, etc.

2. Hence, anything sour; -- used also metaphorically.
Here's the challenge: . . . I warrant there's vinegar and pepper
in't. Shak.
Aromatic vinegar, strong acetic acid highly flavored with aromatic
substances.
 -- Mother of vinegar. See 4th Mother.
 -- Radical vinegar, acetic acid.
 -- Thieves' vinegar. See under Thief.
 -- Vinegar eel (Zoöl.), a minute nematode worm (Leptodera oxophila,
or Anguillula acetiglutinis), commonly found in great numbers in
vinegar, sour paste, and other fermenting vegetable substances; --
called also vinegar worm.
 -- Vinegar lamp (Chem.), a fanciful name of an apparatus designed to
oxidize alcohol to acetic acid by means of platinum.
 -- Vinegar plant. See 4th Mother.
 -- Vinegar tree (Bot.), the stag-horn sumac (Rhus typhina), whose
acid berries have been used to intensify the sourness of vinegar.
 -- Wood vinegar. See under Wood.

VINEGAR
Vin"e*gar, v. t.

Defn: To convert into vinegar; to make like vinegar; to render sour
or sharp. [Obs.]
Hoping that he hath vinegared his senses As he was bid. B. Jonson.

VINEGARETTE
Vin`e*gar*ette", n.

Defn: See Vinaigrette, n., 2.

VINEGAR FLY
Vin"e*gar fly.

Defn: Any of several fruit flies, esp. Drosophila ampelopophila,
which breed in imperfectly sealed preserves and in pickles.

VINEGARROON
Vin`e*gar*roon", n. [Cf. Sp. vinagre vinegar.]

Defn: A whip scorpion, esp. a large Mexican species (Thelyphonus
giganteus) popularly supposed to be very venomous; -- from the odor
that it emits when alarmed.

VINEGARY
Vin"e*gar*y, a.

Defn: Having the nature of vinegar; sour; unamiable.

VINER
Vin"er, n.

Defn: A vinedresser. [Obs.]

VINERY
Vin"er*y, n.

1. A vineyard. [Obs.] "The vinery of Ramer." Fabyan.

2. A structure, usually inclosed with glass, for rearing and
protecting vines; a grapery.

VINETTE
Vi*nette", n. Etym: [Cf. Vignette.]

Defn: A sprig or branch. [Archaic] Halliwell.

VINEWED
Vin"ewed, a.

Defn: Same as Vinnewed.

VINEYARD
Vine"yard, n. Etym: [For OE. winyard, AS. wingeard; influenced by E.
vine. See Wine, and Yard an inclosure.]

Defn: An inclosure or yard for grapevines; a plantation of vines
producing grapes.

VINEYARDIST
Vine"yard*ist, n.

Defn: One who cultivates a vineyard.

VINGT ET UN
Vingt` et` un". Etym: [F., twenty and one.]

Defn: A game at cards, played by two or more persons. The fortune of
each player depends upon obtaining from the dealer such cards that
the sum of their pips, or spots, is twenty-one, or a number near to
it.

VINGTUN
Vingt`un", n.

Defn: Contraction for Vingt et un.

VINIC
Vin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to wine; as, vinic alcohol.

VINICULTURE
Vin"i*cul`ture, n. Etym: [L. vinum wine + cultura culture.]

Defn: The cultivation of the vine, esp. for making wine; viticulture.

VINIFICATION
Vin`i*fi*ca"tion, n. [L. vinum wine + E. -fication.]

Defn: The conversion of a fruit juice or other saccharine solution
into alcohol by fermentation.

VINNEWED
Vin"newed, a. Etym: [See Fenowed.]

Defn: Moldy; musty. [Written also vinewed.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --
Vin"newed*ness, n. [Obs.]
Many of Chaucer's words are become, as it were, vinnewed and hoary
with over-long lying. F. Beaumont.

VINNY
Vin"ny, a.

Defn: Vinnewed. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

VINOLENCY
Vin"o*len*cy, n. Etym: [L. vinolentina. See Vinolent.]

Defn: Drunkennes. [Obs.]

VINOLENT
Vin"o*lent, a. Etym: [L. vinolentus, fr. vinum wine.]

Defn: Given to wine; drunken; intemperate. [Obs.] Chaucer.

VINOMETER
Vin*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. vinum vine + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for determining the strength or purity of wine by
measuring its density.

VIN ORDINAIRE
Vin` or`di`naire". Etym: [F., lit., common wine.]

Defn: A cheap claret, used as a table wine in France.

VINOSE
Vi*nose", a.

Defn: Vinous.

VINOSITY
Vi*nos"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. vinositas: cf. F. vinosité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being vinous.

VINOUS
Vi"nous, a. Etym: [L. vinosus, fr. vinum wine: cf. F. vineux. See
Wine.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to wine; having the qualities of wine; as, a
vinous taste.

VINQUISH
Vin"quish, n. (Far.)

Defn: See Vanquish, n.

VINTAGE
Vint"age (; 48), n. Etym: [Corrupted by influence of vintner, vintry,
from OE. vindage, vendage, for vendange, OF. vendenge, F. vendange,
from L. vindemia; vinum wine, grapes + demere to take off; de +
emere, originally, to take. See Wine, Redeem, and cf. Vindemial.]

1. The produce of the vine for one season, in grapes or in wine; as,
the vintage is abundant; the vintage of 1840.

2. The act or time of gathering the crop of grapes, or making the
wine for a season. Vintage spring, a wine fount.
 -- Vintage time, the time of gathering grapes and making wine.
Milton.

VINTAGER
Vint"a*ger, n. Etym: [From Vintage: cf. F. vendangeur.]

Defn: One who gathers the vintage.

VINTAGING
Vint"a*ging, n.

Defn: The act of gathering the vintage, or crop of grapes.

VINTNER
Vint"ner, n. Etym: [OE. vintener, viniter, OF. vinetier, vinotier,
LL. vinetarius, fr. L. vinetum a vineyard, fr. vinum wine. See Wine.]

Defn: One who deals in wine; a wine seller, or wine merchant.

VINTRY
Vint"ry, n. Etym: [OE. viniterie, from OF. vinotier, vinetier, wine
merchant. See Vintner.]

Defn: A place where wine is sold. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

VINUM
Vi"num, n.; pl. Vina (#). [L. See Wine.]

Defn: Wine, --chiefly used in Pharmacy in the name of solutions of
some medicinal substance in wine; as: vina medicata, medicated wines;
vinum opii, wine of opium.

VINY
Vin"y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to vines; producing, or abounding in, vines.
P. Fletcher.

VINYL
Vi"nyl, n. Etym: [L. vinum wine + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical C2H3, regarded as the characteristic
residue of ethylene and that related series of unsaturated
hydrocarbons with which the allyl compounds are homologous.

VIOL
Vi"ol, n. Etym: [F. viole; cf. Pr. viola, viula, Sp., Pg., & It.
viola, LL. vitula; of uncertain origin; perhaps from L. vitulari to
celebrate a festival, keep holiday, be joyful, perhaps originally, to
sacrifice a calf (vitulus; cf. Veal). Cf. Fiddle, Vielle, 2d Viola,
Violin.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A stringed musical instrument formerly in use, of the same form
as the violin, but larger, and having six strings, to be struck with
a bow, and the neck furnished with frets for stopping the strings.
Me softer airs befit, and softer strings Of lute, or viol still, more
apt for mournful things. Milton.

Note: The name is now applied as a general term to designate
instruments of the violin kind, as tenor viol, bass viol, etc.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A large rope sometimes used in weighing anchor. [Written also
voyal, and voyal.] Totten.

VIOLA
Vi"o*la, n. Etym: [L., a violet. See Violet.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of polypetalous herbaceous plants, including all kinds
of violets.

VIOLA
Vi"o*la, n. Etym: [It. See Viol.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument in form and use resembling the violin, but
larger, and a fifth lower in compass. Viola da braccio Etym: [It.,
viol for the arm], the tenor viol, or viola, a fifth lower than the
violin. Its part is written in the alto clef, hence it is sometimes
called the alto.
 -- Viola da gamba Etym: [It., viol for the leg], an instrument
resembling the viola, but larger, and held between the knees. It is
now rarely used.
 -- Viola da spalla Etym: [It., viol for the shoulder], an instrument
formerly used, resembling the viola, and intermediate in size between
the viola and the viola da gamba.
 -- Viola di amore Etym: [It., viol of love: cf. F. viole d'amour], a
viol, larger than the viola, having catgut strings upon, and brass or
steel wires under, the keyboard. These, sounding sympathetically with
the strings, yield a peculiarly soft and silvery sound. It is now
seldom used.

VIOLABLE
Vi"o*la*ble, a. Etym: [L. violabilis: cf. F. violable. See Violate.]

Defn: Capable of being violated, broken, or injured.
 -- Vi"o*la*bly, adv.

VIOLACEOUS
Vi`o*la"ceous, a. Etym: [L. violaceus, fr. viola a violet.]

1. Resembling violets in color; bluish purple.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants, of which the
violet is the type. It contains about twenty genera and two hundred
and fifty species.

VIOLANILINE
Vi`o*lan"i*line, n. Etym: [Violet + aniline.] (Chem.)

Defn: A dyestuff of the induline group, made from aniline, and used
as a substitute for indigo in dyeing wool and silk a violet-blue or a
gray-blue color.

VIOLANTIN
Vi`o*lan"tin, n. Etym: [See Violuric.] (Chem.)

Defn: A complex nitrogenous substance, produced as a yellow
crystalline substance, and regarded as a complex derivative of
barbituric acid.

VIOLAQUERCITRIN
Vi`o*la*quer"cit*rin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline glucoside obtained from the pansy (Viola
tricolor), and decomposing into glucose and quercitrin.

VIOLASCENT
Vi`o*las"cent, a.

Defn: Violescent. [R.]

VIOLATE
Vi"o*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Violates; p. pr. & vb. n. Violating.]
Etym: [L. violatus, p. p. of violare to violate, fr. vis strength,
force. See Violent.]

1. To treat in a violent manner; to abuse.
His wife Boadicea violated with stripes, his daughters with rape.
Milton.

2. To do violence to, as to anything that should be held sacred or
respected; to profane; to desecrate; to break forcibly; to trench
upon; to infringe.
Violated vows 'Twixt the souls of friend and friend. Shak.
Oft have they violated The temple, oft the law, with foul affronts.
Milton.

3. To disturb; to interrupt. "Employed, it seems, to violate sleep."
Milton.

4. To commit rape on; to ravish; to outrage.

Syn.
 -- To injure; disturb; interrupt; infringe; transgress; profane;
deflour; debauch; dishonor.

VIOLATION
Vi`o*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. violatio: cf. F. violation.]

Defn: The act of violating, treating with violence, or injuring; the
state of being violated. Specifically: --
(a) Infringement; transgression; nonobservance; as, the violation of
law or positive command, of covenants, promises, etc. "The violation
of my faith." Shak.
(b) An act of irreverence or desecration; profanation or contemptuous
treatment of sacred things; as, the violation of a church. Udall.
(c) Interruption, as of sleep or peace; disturbance.
(d) Ravishment; rape; outrage. Shak.

VIOLATIVE
Vi"o*la*tive, a.

Defn: Violating, or tending to violate.

VIOLATOR
Vi"o*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who violates; an infringer; a profaner; a ravisher.

VIOLE
Vi"ole, n.

Defn: A vial. [Obs.] Chaucer.

VIOLENCE
Vi"o*lence, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. violentia. See Violent.]

1. The quality or state of being violent; highly excited action,
whether physical or moral; vehemence; impetuosity; force.
That seal You ask with such a violence, the king, Mine and your
master, with his own hand gave me. Shak.
All the elements At least had gone to wrack, disturbed and torn With
the violence of this conflict. Milton.

2. Injury done to that which is entitled to respect, reverence, or
observance; profanation; infringement; unjust force; outrage;
assault.
Do violence to do man. Luke iii. 14.
We can not, without offering violence to all records, divine and
human, deny an universal deluge. T. Burnet.
Looking down, he saw The whole earth filled with violence. Milton.

3. Ravishment; rape; constupration. To do violence on, to attack; to
murder. "She . . . did violence on herself." Shak.
 -- To do violence to, to outrage; to injure; as, he does violence to
his own opinions.

Syn.
 -- Vehemence; outrage; fierceness; eagerness; violation; infraction;
infringement; transgression; oppression.

VIOLENCE
Vi"o*lence, v. t.

Defn: To assault; to injure; also, to bring by violence; to compel.
[Obs.] B. Jonson.

VIOLENT
Vi"o*lent, a. Etym: [F., from L. violentus, from vis strength, force;
probably akin to Gr.

1. Moving or acting with physical strength; urged or impelled with
force; excited by strong feeling or passion; forcible; vehement;
impetuous; fierce; furious; severe; as, a violent blow; the violent
attack of a disease.
Float upon a wild and violent sea. Shak.
A violent cross wind from either coast. Milton.

2. Acting, characterized, or produced by unjust or improper force;
outrageous; unauthorized; as, a violent attack on the right of free
speech.
To bring forth more violent deeds. Milton.
Some violent hands were laid on Humphrey's life. Shak.

3. Produced or effected by force; not spontaneous; unnatural;
abnormal.
These violent delights have violent ends. Shak.
No violent state can be perpetual. T. Burnet.
Ease would recant Vows made in pain, as violent and void. Milton.
Violent presumption (Law), presumption of a fact that arises from
proof of circumstances which necessarily attend such facts.
 -- Violent profits (Scots Law), rents or profits of an estate
obtained by a tenant wrongfully holding over after warning. They are
recoverable in a process of removing.

Syn.
 -- Fierce; vehement; outrageous; boisterous; turbulent; impetuous;
passionate; severe; extreme.

VIOLENT
Vi"o*lent, n.

Defn: An assailant. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

VIOLENT
Vi"o*lent, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. violenter.]

Defn: To urge with violence. [Obs.] Fuller.

VIOLENT
Vi"o*lent, v. i.

Defn: To be violent; to act violently. [Obs.]
The grief is fine, full, perfect, that I taste, An violenteth in a
sense as strong As that which causeth it. Shak.

VIOLENTLY
Vi"o*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a violent manner.

VIOLESCENT
Vi`o*les"cent, a. Etym: [L. viola a violet.]

Defn: Tending to a violet color; violascent.

VIOLET
Vi"o*let, n. Etym: [F. violette a violet (cf. violet violet-colored),
dim. of OF. viole a violet, L. viola; akin to Gr. Iodine.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant or flower of the genus Viola, of many species. The
violets are generally low, herbaceous plants, and the flowers of many
of the species are blue, while others are white or yellow, or of
several colors, as the pansy (Viola tricolor).

Note: The cultivated sweet violet is Viola odorata of Europe. The
common blue violet of the eastern United States is V. cucullata; the
sand, or bird-foot, violet is V. pedata.

2. The color of a violet, or that part of the spectrum farthest from
red. It is the most refrangible part of the spectrum.

3. In art, a color produced by a combination of red and blue in equal
proportions; a bluish purple color. Mollett.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small violet-colored butterflies
belonging to Lycæna, or Rusticus, and allied genera.

Corn violet. See under Corn.
 -- Dame's violet. (Bot.) See Damewort.
 -- Dogtooth violet. (Bot.) See under Dogtooth.
 -- Water violet (Bot.), an aquatic European herb (Hottonia
palustris) with pale purplish flowers and pinnatifid leaves.

VIOLET
Vi"o*let, a. Etym: [Cf. F. violet. See Violet, n.]

Defn: Dark blue, inclining to red; bluish purple; having a color
produced by red and blue combined. Violet shell (Zoöl.), any species
of Ianthina; -- called also violet snail. See Lanthina.
 -- Violet wood, a name given to several kinds of hard purplish or
reddish woods, as king wood, myall wood, and the wood of the Andira
violacea, a tree of Guiana.

VIOLET-EAR
Vi"o*let-ear`, n.

Defn: Any tropical humming bird of the genus Petasophora, having
violet or purplish ear tufts.

VIOLET-TIP
Vi"o*let-tip", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very handsome American butterfly (Polygonia interrogationis).
Its wings are mottled with various shades of red and brown and have
violet tips.

VIOLIN
Vi`o*lin", n. Etym: [It. violino, dim. of viola. See Viol.] (Mus.)

Defn: A small instrument with four strings, played with a bow; a
fiddle.

Note: The violin is distinguished for the brilliancy and gayety, as
well as the power and variety, of its tones, and in the orchestra it
is the leading and most important instrument.

VIOLINE
Vi"o*line, n. (Chem.)
(a) A pale yellow amorphous substance of alkaloidal nature and emetic
properties, said to have been extracted from the root and foliage of
the violet (Viola).
(b) Mauve aniline. See under Mauve.

VIOLINIST
Vi`o*lin"ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. violiniste, violoniste, It.
violonista.]

Defn: A player on the violin.

VIOLIST
Vi"ol*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. violiste.]

Defn: A player on the viol.

VIOLONCELLIST
Vi`o*lon*cel"list, n. Etym: [Cf. F. violoncelliste, It.
violoncellista.]

Defn: A player on the violoncello.

VIOLONCELLO
Vi`o*lon*cel"lo, n. Etym: [It. violoncello, dim. of violone a bass
viol. See Violone.] (Mus.)

Defn: A stringed instrument of music; a bass viol of four strings, or
a bass violin with long, large strings, giving sounds an octave lower
than the viola, or tenor or alto violin.

VIOLONE
Vi`o*lo"ne, n. Etym: [It. violone, augment. of viola a viol. See
Viol.] (Mus.)

Defn: The largest instrument of the bass-viol kind, having strings
tuned an octave below those of the violoncello; the contrabasso; --
called also double bass. [Written also violono.]

VIOLOUS
Vi"o*lous, a.

Defn: Violent. [Obs.] J. Fletcher.

VIOLURIC
Vi`o*lu"ric, a. Etym: [Violet + barbituric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitroso derivative
of barbituric acid. It is obtained as a white or yellow crystalline
substance, and forms characteristic yellow, blue, and violet salts.

VIPER
Vi"per, n. Etym: [F. vipère, L. vipera, probably contr. fr. vivipera;
vivus alive + parere to bring forth, because it was believed to be
the only serpent that brings forth living young. Cf. Quick, a.,
Parent, Viviparous, Wivern, Weever.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of Old World venomous makes
belonging to Vipera, Clotho, Daboia, and other genera of the family
Viperidæ.
There came a viper out of the heat, and fastened on his hand. Acts
xxviii. 3.

Note: Among the best-known species are the European adder (Pelias
berus), the European asp (Vipera aspis), the African horned viper (V.
cerastes), and the Indian viper (Daboia Russellii).

2. A dangerous, treacherous, or malignant person.
Who committed To such a viper his most sacred trust Of secrecy.
Milton.
Horned viper. (Zoöl.) See Cerastes.
 -- Red viper (Zoöl.), the copperhead.
 -- Viper fish (Zoöl.), a small, slender, phosphorescent deep-sea
fish (Chauliodus Sloanii). It has long ventral and dorsal fins, a
large mouth, and very long, sharp teeth.
 -- Viper's bugloss (Bot.), a rough-leaved biennial herb (Echium
vulgare) having showy purplish blue flowers. It is sometimes
cultivated, but has become a pestilent weed in fields from New York
to Virginia. Also called blue weed.
 -- Viper's grass (Bot.), a perennial composite herb (Scorzonera
Hispanica) with narrow, entire leaves, and solitary heads of yellow
flowers. The long, white, carrot-shaped roots are used for food in
Spain and some other countries. Called also viper grass.

VIPERINA
Vi`per*i"na, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Viperoidea.

VIPERINE
Vi"per*ine, a. Etym: [L. viperinus: cf. F. vipérin.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a viper or vipers; resembling a viper.
Viperine snake. (Zoöl.) (a) Any venomous snake of the family
Viperidæ. (b) A harmless snake resembling a viper in form or color,
esp. Tropidonotus viperinus, a small European species which resembles
the viper in color.

VIPERISH
Vi"per*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat like a viper; viperous.

VIPEROID
Vi"per*oid, a.  [Viper + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the vipers.

VIPEROIDEA; VIPEROIDES
Vi`per*oi"de*a, Vi`per*oi"des, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Viper, and -
oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of serpents which includes the true vipers of the
Old World and the rattlesnakes and moccasin snakes of America; --
called also Viperina.

VIPEROUS
Vi"per*ous, a.

Defn: Having the qualities of a viper; malignant; venomous; as, a
viperous tongue. "This viperous slander." Shak.
 -- Vi"per*ous*ly, adv.

VIRAGINIAN
Vi`ra*gin"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a virago; having the qualities of a virago.
Milton.

VIRAGINITY
Vi`ra*gin"i*ty, n.

Defn: The qualities or characteristics of a virago.

VIRAGO
Vi*ra"go, n.; pl. Viragoes. Etym: [L. virago, -intis, from vir a man.
See Virile.]

1. A woman of extraordinary stature, strength, and courage; a woman
who has the robust body and masculine mind of a man; a female
warrior.
To arms! to arms! the fierce virago cries. Pope.

2. Hence, a mannish woman; a bold, turbulent woman; a termagant; a
vixen.
Virago . . . serpent under femininity. Chaucer.

VIRE
Vire, n. Etym: [OF. vire, fr. virer to turn. Cf. Veer, Vireton.]

Defn: An arrow, having a rotary motion, formerly used with the
crossbow. Cf. Vireton. Gower.

VIRELAY
Vir"e*lay, n. Etym: [F. virelai; virer to turn + lai a song, a lay.]

Defn: An ancient French song, or short poem, wholly in two rhymes,
and composed in short lines, with a refrain.
Of such matter made he many lays, Songs, complains, roundels,
virelayes. Chaucer.
To which a lady sung a virelay. Dryden.

Note: "The virelay admitted only two rhymes, and, after employing one
for some time, the poet was virer, or to turn, to the other." Nares.

VIRENT
Vi"rent, a. Etym: [L. virens, p. pr. of virere to be green.]

Defn: Green; not withered. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

VIREO
Vir"e*o, n. Etym: [L., a species of bird.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of American singing birds belonging
to Vireo and allied genera of the family Vireonidæ. In many of the
species the back is greenish, or olive-colored. Called also greenlet.

Note: In the Eastern United States the most common species are the
white-eyed vireo (Vireo Noveboracensis), the redeyed vireo (V.
olivaceus), the blue-headed, or solitary, vireo (V. solitarius), the
warbling vireo (V. gilvus), and the yellow-throated vireo (V.
flavifrons). All these are noted for the sweetness of their songs.

VIRESCENCE
Vi*res"cence, (Bot.)

Defn: The act or state of becoming green through the formation of
chlorophyll.

VIRESCENT
Vi*res"cent, a. Etym: [L. virescens, p. pr. of virescere to grow
green, verb incho. fr. virere to be green.]

Defn: Beginning to be green; slightly green; greenish.

VIRETON
Vir"e*ton, n. Etym: [F. See Vire.]

Defn: An arrow or bolt for a crossbow having feathers or brass placed
at an angle with the shaft to make it spin in flying.

VIRGALIEU
Vir"ga*lieu, n. Etym: [Cf. Virgouleuse.] (Bot.)

Defn: A valuable kind of pear, of an obovate shape and with melting
flesh of delicious flavor; -- more properly called White Doyenné.
[Written also virgaloo, vergalieu, vergaloo, etc.]

VIRGATE
Vir"gate, a. Etym: [L. virgatus made of twigs, fr. virga a twig, rod.
See Verge a rod.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of a straight rod; wand-shaped; straight and
slender.

VIRGATE
Vir"gate, n. Etym: [LL. virgata, virgata terrae, so much land as
virga terrae, a land measure, contains, fr. L. virga a twig, rod.]

Defn: A yardland, or measure of land varying from fifteen to forty
acres. [Obs.] T. Warton.

VIRGATED
Vir"ga*ted, a. Etym: [L. virgatus striped. See Virgate, a.]

Defn: Striped; streaked. [Obs.]

VIRGE
Virge, n.

Defn: A wand. See Verge. [Obs.]

VIRGER
Vir"ger, n.

Defn: See Verger. [Obs.]

VIRGILIAN
Vir*gil"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Virgilianus, better Vergilianus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Virgil, the Roman poet; resembling the
style of Virgil. [Spelt also Vergilian.]
The rich Virgilian rustic measure Of Lari Maxume. Tennyson.

VIRGIN
Vir"gin, n. Etym: [L. virgo, -inis: cf. OF. virgine, virgene, virge,
vierge, F. vierge.]

1. A woman who has had no carnal knowledge of man; a maid.

2. A person of the male sex who has not known sexual indulgence.
[Archaic] Wyclif.
These are they which were not defiled with women; for they are
virgins. Rev. xiv. 4.
He his flesh hath overcome; He was a virgin, as he said. Gower.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: See Virgo.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of gossamer-winged butterflies of
the family Lycænidæ.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A female insect producing eggs from which young are hatched,
though there has been no fecundation by a male; a parthenogenetic
insect. The Virgin, or The Blessed Virgin, the Virgin Mary, the
Mother of our Lord.
 -- Virgin's bower (Bot.), a name given to several climbing plants of
the genus Clematis, as C. Vitalba of Europe, and C. Virginiana of
North America.

VIRGIN
Vir"gin, a.

1. Being a virgin; chaste; of or pertaining to a virgin; becoming a
virgin; maidenly; modest; indicating modesty; as, a virgin blush.
"Virgin shame." Cowley.
Innocence and virgin modesty . . . That would be wooed, and unsought
be won. Milton.

2. Pure; undefiled; unmixed; fresh; new; as, virgin soil; virgin
gold. "Virgin Dutch." G. W. Cable.
The white cold virgin snow upon my heart. Shak.
A few ounces of mutton, with a little virgin oil. Landor.

3. Not yet pregnant; impregnant. Milton.

VIRGIN
Vir"gin, v. i.

Defn: To act the virgin; to be or keep chaste; -- followed by it. See
It, 5. [Obs.] "My true lip hath virgined it e'er since [that kiss]."
Shak.

VIRGINAL
Vir"gin*al, a. Etym: [L. virginalis: cf. F. virginal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a virgin; becoming a virgin; maidenly.
"Chastity and honor virginal." Spenser. Virginal generation (Biol.),
parthenogenesis.
 -- Virginal membrane (Anat.), the hymen.

VIRGINAL
Vir"gin*al, n. Etym: [Cf. F. virginale; -- probably so called from
being used by young girls, or virgins.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument somewhat resembling the spinet, but having a
rectangular form, like the small piano. It had strings and keys, but
only one wire to a note. The instrument was used in the sixteenth
century, but is now wholly obsolete. It was sometimes called a pair
of virginals.

VIRGINAL
Vir"gin*al, v. i.

Defn: To play with the fingers, as if on a virginal; to tap or pat.
[Obs.] "Still virginaling upon his palm!" Shak.

VIRGINHOOD
Vir"gin*hood, n.

Defn: Virginity; maidenhood.

VIRGINIA
Vir*gin"i*a, n.

Defn: One of the States of the United States of America.
 -- a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the State of Virginia. Virginia cowslip
(Bot.), the American lungwort (Mertensia Virginica).
 -- Virginia creeper (Bot.), a common ornamental North American woody
vine (Ampelopsis quinquefolia), climbing extensively by means of
tendrils; -- called also woodbine, and American ivy. [U.S.] --
Virginia fence. See Worm fence, under Fence.
 -- Virginia nightingale (Zoöl.), the cardinal bird. See under
Cardinal.
 -- Virginia quail (Zoöl.), the bobwhite.
 -- Virginia reel, an old English contradance; -- so called in the
United States. Bartlett.
 -- Virginia stock. (Bot.) See Mahon stock.

VIRGINITY
Vir*gin"i*ty, n. Etym: [OE. virgintee, F. virginité, L. virginitas.]

1. The quality or state of being a virgin; undefiled purity or
chastity; maidenhood.

2. The unmarried life; celibacy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

VIRGO
Vir"go, n. Etym: [L. virgo a virgin, the constellation Virgo in the
zodiac. See Virgin.] (Astron.)
(a) A sign of the zodiac which the sun enters about the 21st of
August, marked thus [
(b) A constellation of the zodiac, now occupying chiefly the sign
Libra, and containing the bright star Spica.

VIRGOULEUSE
Vir"gou*leuse, n. Etym: [F. virgouleuse, from the village of
Virgoulée, near Limoges.] (Bot.)

Defn: An old French variety of pear, of little value.

VIRGULARIAN
Vir`gu*la"ri*an, n. Etym: [From. L. virgula a small rod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of long, slender Alcyonaria
belonging to Virgularia and allied genera of the family Virgularidæ.
These corals are allied to the sea-pens, but have a long rodlike
rhachis inclosing a slender, round or square, calcareous axis. The
polyps are arranged in transverse rows or clusters along each side of
the rhachis.

VIRGULATE
Vir"gu*late, a.

Defn: Shaped like a little twig or rod.

VIRGULE
Vir"gule, n. Etym: [F. virgule, fr. L. virgula, dim. of virga. See
Verge a rod.]

Defn: A comma. [R.]
In the MSS. of Chaucer, the line is always broken by a cæsura in the
middle, which is pointed by a virgule. Hallam.

VIRIAL
Vir"i*al, n. Etym: [L. vis, viris, force.] (Physics)

Defn: A certain function relating to a system of forces and their
points of application, -- first used by Clausius in the investigation
of problems in molecular physics.

VIRID
Vir"id, a. Etym: [L. viridis green. See Verdant.]

Defn: Green. [Obs.]
The virid marjoram Her sparkling beauty did but see. Crompton.

VIRIDESCENCE
Vir`i*des"cence, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being viridescent.

VIRIDESCENT
Vir`i*des"cent, a. Etym: [L. viridescens, p. pr. of viridescere to
grow green.]

Defn: Slightly green; greenish.

VIRIDINE
Vir"i*dine, n. Etym: [L. viridis green.] (Chem.)

Defn: A greenish, oily, nitrogenous hydrocarbon, C12H19N7, obtained
from coal tar, and probably consisting of a mixture of several
metameric compounds which are higher derivatives of the base
pyridine.

VIRIDITE
Vir"i*dite, n. Etym: [L. viridis green.] (Min.)

Defn: A greenish chloritic mineral common in certain igneous rocks,
as diabase, as a result of alternation.

VIRIDITY
Vi*rid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. viriditas, fr. viridis green: cf. F.
viridité. See Verdant.]

1. Greenness; verdure; the color of grass and foliage.

2. Freshness; soundness. [Obs.] Evelyn.

VIRIDNESS
Vir"id*ness, n.

Defn: Viridity; greenness.

VIRILE
Vi"rile, a. Etym: [L. virilis, fr. vir a man; akin to AS. wer: cf. F.
viril. See Werewolf, World, and cf. Decemvir, Virago, Virtue.]

Defn: Having the nature, properties, or qualities, of an adult man;
characteristic of developed manhood; hence, masterful; forceful;
specifically, capable of begetting; -- opposed to womanly, feminine,
and puerile; as, virile age, virile power, virile organs.

VIRILITY
Vi*ril"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. virilitas: cf. F. virilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being virile; developed manhood;
manliness; specif., the power of procreation; as, exhaustion.
"Virility of visage." Holland.

VIRIPOTENT
Vi*rip"o*tent, a. Etym: [L. vir man + potens fit for.]

Defn: Developed in manhood; hence, able to beget; marriageable.
[Obs.]
Being not of ripe years, not viripotent. Holinshed.

VIRMILION
Vir*mil"ion, n.

Defn: See Vermilion. [R.]

VIROLE
Vi*role", n. Etym: [F., a ferrule. See Ferrule.] (Her.)

Defn: A ring surrounding a bugle or hunting horn.

VIROLED
Vi*roled", a. (Her.)

Defn: Furnished with a virole or viroles; -- said of a horn or a
bugle when the rings are of different tincture from the rest of the
horn.

VIROSE
Vi*rose", a. Etym: [L. virosus. See Virus.]

Defn: Having a nauseous odor; fetid; poisonous. [R.]

VIRTU
Vir*tu", n. Etym: [It. virtù virtue, excellence, from L. virtus. See
Virtue.]

Defn: A love of the fine arts; a taste for curiosities. J. Spence. An
article, or piece, of virtu, an object of art or antiquity; a
curiosity, such as those found in museums or private collections.
I had thoughts, in my chambers to place it in view, To be shown to my
friends as a piece of virtù. Goldsmith.

VIRTUAL
Vir"tu*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. virtuel. See Virtue.]

1. Having the power of acting or of invisible efficacy without the
agency of the material or sensible part; potential; energizing.
Heat and cold have a virtual transition, without communication of
substance. Bacon.
Every kind that lives, Fomented by his virtual power, and warmed.
Milton.

2. Being in essence or effect, not in fact; as, the virtual presence
of a man in his agent or substitute.
A thing has a virtual existence when it has all the conditions
necessary to its actual existence. Fleming.
To mask by slight differences in the manners a virtual identity in
the substance. De Quincey.
Principle of virtual velocities (Mech.), the law that when several
forces are in equilibrium, the algebraic sum of their virtual moments
is equal to zero.
 -- Virtual focus (Opt.), the point from which rays, having been
rendered divergent by reflection of refraction, appear to issue; the
point at which converging rays would meet if not reflected or
refracted before they reach it.
 -- Virtual image. (Optics) See under Image.
 -- Virtual moment (of a force) (Mech.), the product of the intensity
of the force multiplied by the virtual velocity of its point of
application; -- sometimes called virtual work.
 -- Virtual velocity (Mech.), a minute hypothetical displacement,
assumed in analysis to facilitate the investigation of statical
problems. With respect to any given force of a number of forces
holding a material system in equilibrium, it is the projection, upon
the direction of the force, of a line joining its point of
application with a new position of that point indefinitely near to
the first, to which the point is conceived to have been moved,
without disturbing the equilibrium of the system, or the connections
of its parts with each other. Strictly speaking, it is not a velocity
but a length.
 -- Virtual work. (Mech.) See Virtual moment, above.

VIRTUALITY
Vir`tu*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. virtualité.]

1. The quality or state of being virtual.

2. Potentiality; efficacy; potential existence. [Obs.]
In one grain of corn, there lieth dormant a virtuality of many other.
Sir T. Browne.

VIRTUALLY
Vir"tu*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a virtual manner; in efficacy or effect only, and not
actually; to all intents and purposes; practically.

VIRTUATE
Vir"tu*ate, v. t.

Defn: To make efficacious; to give virtue of efficacy. [Obs.] Harvey.

VIRTUE
Vir"tue, n. Etym: [OE. vertu, F. vertu, L. virtus strength, courage,
excellence, virtue, fr. vir a man. See Virile, and cf. Virtu.]

1. Manly strength or courage; bravery; daring; spirit; valor. [Obs.]
Shak.
Built too strong For force or virtue ever to expugn. Chapman.

2. Active quality or power; capacity or power adequate to the
production of a given effect; energy; strength; potency; efficacy;
as, the virtue of a medicine.
Jesus, immediately knowing in himself that virtue had gone out of
him, turned him about. Mark v. 30.
A man was driven to depend for his security against misunderstanding,
upon the pure virtue of his syntax. De Quincey.
The virtue of his midnight agony. Keble.

3. Energy or influence operating without contact of the material or
sensible substance.
She moves the body which she doth possess, Yet no part toucheth, but
by virtue's touch. Sir. J. Davies.

4. Excellence; value; merit; meritoriousness; worth.
I made virtue of necessity. Chaucer.
In the Greek poets, . . . the economy of poems is better observed
than in Terence, who thought the sole grace and virtue of their fable
the sticking in of sentences. B. Jonson.

5. Specifically, moral excellence; integrity of character; purity of
soul; performance of duty.
Virtue only makes our bliss below. Pope.
If there's Power above us, And that there is all nature cries aloud
Through all her works, he must delight in virtue. Addison.

6. A particular moral excellence; as, the virtue of temperance, of
charity, etc. "The very virtue of compassion." Shak. "Remember all
his virtues." Addison.

7. Specifically: Chastity; purity; especially, the chastity of women;
virginity.
H. I believe the girl has virtue. M. And if she has, I should be the
last man in the world to attempt to corrupt it. Goldsmith.

8. pl.

Defn: One of the orders of the celestial hierarchy.
Thrones, dominations, princedoms, virtues, powers. Milton.
Cardinal virtues. See under Cardinal, a.
 -- In, or By, virtue of, through the force of; by authority of. "He
used to travel through Greece by virtue of this fable, which procured
him reception in all the towns." Addison. "This they shall attain,
partly in virtue of the promise made by God, and partly in virtue of
piety." Atterbury.
 -- Theological virtues, the three virtues, faith, hope, and charity.
See 1 Cor. xiii. 13.

VIRTUELESS
Vir"tue*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of virtue; without efficacy or operating qualities;
powerless.
Virtueless she wished all herbs and charms. Fairfax.

VIRTUOSITY
Vir`tu*os"i*ty, n.

1. The quality or state of being a virtuoso; in a bad sense, the
character of one in whom mere artistic feeling or æsthetic
cultivation takes the place of religious character; sentimentalism.
This famous passage . . . over which the virtuosity of modern times,
rejoicing in evil, has hung so fondly. C. Kingsley.

2. Virtuosos, collectively. Carlyle.

3. An art or study affected by virtuosos.

VIRTUOSO
Vir`tu*o"so, n.; pl. Virtuosos; It. Virtuosi. Etym: [It. See
Virtuous.]

1. One devoted to virtu; one skilled in the fine arts, in
antiquities, and the like; a collector or ardent admirer of
curiosities, etc.
Virtuoso the Italians call a man who loves the noble arts, and is a
critic in them. Dryden.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A performer on some instrument, as the violin or the piano, who
excels in the technical part of his art; a brilliant concert player.

VIRTUOSOSHIP
Vir`tu*o"so*ship, n.

Defn: The condition, pursuits, or occupation of a virtuoso. Bp. Hurd.

VIRTUOUS
Vir"tu*ous, a. Etym: [OE. vertuous, OF. vertuos, vertuous, F.
vertueux, fr. L. Virtuous. See Virtue, and cf. Virtuoso.]

1. Possessing or exhibiting virtue. Specifically: --
(a) Exhibiting manly courage and strength; valorous; valiant; brave.
[Obs.]
Old Priam's son, amongst them all, was chiefly virtuous. Chapman.

(b) Having power or efficacy; powerfully operative; efficacious;
potent. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Lifting up his virtuous staff on high, He smote the sea, which calméd
was with speed. Spenser.
Every virtuous plant and healing herb. Milton.

(c) Having moral excellence; characterized by morality; upright;
righteous; pure; as, a virtuous action.
The virtuous mind that ever walks attended By a strong siding
champion, conscience. Milton.

2. Chaste; pure; -- applied especially to women.
Mistress Ford . . . the virtuous creature, that hath the jealous fool
to her husband. Shak.
-- Vir"tu*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Vir"tu*ous*ness, n.

VIRULENCE; VIRULENCY
Vir"u*lence, Vir"u*len*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. virulence, L. virulentia
an offensive odor, a stench.]

1. The quality or state of being virulent or venomous; poisonousness;
malignancy.

2. Extreme bitterness or malignity of disposition. "Refuted without
satirical virulency." Barrow.
The virulence of one declaimer, or the profundities and sublimities
of the other. I. Taylor.

VIRULENT
Vir"u*lent, a. Etym: [L. virulentus, fr. virus poison: cf. F.
virulent. See Virus.]

1. Extremely poisonous or venomous; very active in doing injury.
A contagious disorder rendered more virulent by uncleanness. Sir W.
Scott.

2. Very bitter in enmity; actuated by a desire to injure; malignant;
as, a virulent invective.

VIRULENTED
Vir"u*lent*ed, a.

Defn: Made virulent; poisoned. [Obs.]

VIRULENTLY
Vir"u*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a virulent manner.

VIRUS
Vi"rus, n. Etym: [L., a slimy liquid, a poisonous liquid, poison,
stench; akin to Gr. visha. Cf. Wizen, v. i.]

1. (Med.)
(a) Contagious or poisonous matter, as of specific ulcers, the bite
of snakes, etc.; -- applied to organic poisons.
(b) The special contagion, inappreciable to the senses and acting in
exceedingly minute quantities, by which a disease is introduced into
the organism and maintained there.

Note: The specific virus of diseases is now regarded as a microscopic
living vegetable organism which multiplies within the body, and,
either by its own action or by the associated development of a
chemical poison, causes the phenomena of the special disease.

2. Fig.: Any morbid corrupting quality in intellectual or moral
conditions; something that poisons the mind or the soul; as, the
virus of obscene books.

VIS
Vis, n.

1. Force; power.

2. (Law)
(a) Physical force.
(b) Moral power. Principle of vis viva (Mech.), the principle that
the difference between the aggregate work of the accelerating forces
of a system and that of the retarding forces is equal to one half the
vis viva accumulated or lost in the system while the work is being
done.
 -- Vis impressa Etym: [L.] (Mech.), force exerted, as in moving a
body, or changing the direction of its motion; impressed force.
 -- Vis inertiæ. Etym: [L.] (a) The resistance of matter, as when a
body at rest is set in motion, or a body in motion is brought to
rest, or has its motion changed, either in direction or in velocity.
(b) Inertness; inactivity. Vis intertiæ and inertia are not strictly
synonymous. The former implies the resistance itself which is given,
while the latter implies merely the property by which it is given.
 -- Vis mortua Etym: [L.] (Mech.), dead force; force doing no active
work, but only producing pressure.
 -- Vis vitæ, or Vis vitalis Etym: [L.] (Physiol.), vital force.
 -- Vis viva Etym: [L.] (Mech.), living force; the force of a body
moving against resistance, or doing work, in distinction from vis
mortua, or dead force; the kinetic energy of a moving body; the
capacity of a moving body to do work by reason of its being in
motion. See Kinetic energy, in the Note under Energy. The term vis
viva is not usually understood to include that part of the kinetic
energy of the body which is due to the vibrations of its molecules.

VISA
Vi"sa, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Vis.

VISA
Vi"sa, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Visaed; p. pr. & vb. n. Visaing.]

Defn: To indorse, after examination, with the word visé, as a
passport; to visé.

VISAGE
Vis"age (; 48), n. Etym: [F. visage, from L. visus a seeing, a look,
fr. videre, visum, to see. See Vision.]

Defn: The face, countenance, or look of a person or an animal; --
chiefly applied to the human face. Chaucer. "A visage of demand."
Shak.
His visage was so marred more than any man. Isa. lii. 14.
Love and beauty still that visage grace. Waller.

VISAGE
Vis"age (; 48), v. t.

Defn: To face. [Obs.] Chaucer.

VISAGED
Vis"aged, a.

Defn: Having a visage. Shak.

VISARD
Vis"ard, n.

Defn: A mask. See Visor.

VISARD
Vis"ard, v. t.

Defn: To mask.

VIS-A-VIS
Vis`-a-vis", n. Etym: [F., opposite, face to face.]

1. One who, or that which, is face to face with another; esp., one
who faces another in dancing.

2. A carriage in which two persons sit face to face. Also, a form of
sofa with seats for two persons, so arranged that the occupants are
face to face while sitting on opposite sides.

VIS-A-VIS
Vis`-a-vis", adv.

Defn: Face to face.

VISAYAN
Vi*sa"yan, n. [Cf. Sp. Bisayo a Visayan.]

Defn: A member of the most numerous of the native races of the
Philippines, occupying the Visayan Islands and the northern coast
Mindanao; also, their language. The Visayans possessed a native
culture and alphabet.

VISCACHA; VIZ-CACHA
Vis*ca"cha, Viz-ca"cha (, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large burrowing South American rodent (Lagostomus
trichodactylus) allied to the chinchillas, but much larger. Its fur
is soft and rather long, mottled gray above, white or yellowish white
beneath. There is a white band across the muzzle, and a dark band on
each cheek. It inhabits grassy plains, and is noted for its extensive
burrows and for heaping up miscellaneous articles at the mouth of its
burrows. Called also biscacha, bizcacha, vischacha, vishatscha.

VISCERA
Vis"ce*ra, n.,

Defn: pl. of Viscus.

VISCERAL
Vis"cer*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. viscéral, LL. visceralis.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the viscera; splanchnic.

2. Fig.: Having deep sensibility. [R.] Bp. Reynolds. Visceral arches
(Anat.), the bars or ridges between the visceral clefts.
 -- Visceral cavity or tube (Anat.), the ventral cavity of a
vertebrate, which contains the alimentary canal, as distinguished
from the dorsal, or cerebro-spinal, canal.
 -- Visceral clefts (Anat.), transverse clefts on the sides just back
of the mouth in the vertebrate embryo, which open into the pharyngeal
portion of the alimentary canal, and correspond to the branchial
clefts in adult fishes.

VISCERATE
Vis"cer*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Viscerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Viscerating.]

Defn: To deprive of the viscera, or entrails; to eviscerate; to
disembowel.

VISCEROSKELETAL
Vis`cer*o*skel"e*tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the framework, or skeleton, or skeleton, of
the viscera; as, the visceroskeletal system of muscles. Mivart.

VISCID
Vis"cid, a. Etym: [L. viscidus, fr. viscum the mistletoe, birdlime
made from the berries of the mistletoe; akin to Gr. viscide.]

Defn: Sticking or adhering, and having a ropy or glutinous
consistency; viscous; glutinous; sticky; tenacious; clammy; as,
turpentine, tar, gums, etc., are more or less viscid.

VISCIDITY
Vis*cid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. viscidité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being viscid; also, that which is
viscid; glutinous concretion; stickiness.

VISCIN
Vis"cin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A clear, viscous, tasteless substance extracted from the
mucilaginous sap of the mistletoe (Viscum album), holly, etc., and
constituting an essential ingredient of birdlime.

VISCOIDAL
Vis*coid"al, a.

Defn: Somewhat viscous. Cf. Mobile, a., 2.

VISCOSIMETER
Vis`co*sim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Viscosity + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the degree of viscosity of liquids,
as solutions of gum.

VISCOSITY
Vis*cos"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. viscosité, LL. viscositas.]

1. The quality or state of being viscous.

2. (Physics)

Defn: A quality analogous to that of a viscous fluid, supposed to be
caused by internal friction, especially in the case of gases.

VISCOUNT
Vis"count`, n. Etym: [OE. vicounte, OF. visconte, vescunte, F.
vicomte, LL. vicecomes; L. vice (see Vice, a.) + comes a companion,
LL., a count. See Count.]

1. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: An officer who formerly supplied the place of the count, or
earl; the sheriff of the county.

2. A nobleman of the fourth rank, next in order below an earl and
next above a baron; also, his degree or title of nobility. See Peer,
n., 3. [Eng.] Chaucer.

VISCOUNTCY
Vis"count`cy, n.

Defn: The dignity or jurisdiction of a viscount. Sir B. Burke.

VISCOUNTESS
Vis"count`ess, n. Etym: [F. vicomtesse, LL. vicecomitissa.]

Defn: The wife of a viscount.

VISCOUNTSHIP; VISCOUNTY
Vis"count`ship, Vis"count`y, n. Etym: [F. vicomté.]

Defn: The quality, rank, or office of a viscount.

VISCOUS
Vis"cous, a. Etym: [L. viscosus. See Viscid.]

Defn: Adhesive or sticky, and having a ropy or glutinous consistency;
viscid; glutinous; clammy; tenacious; as, a viscous juice.
 -- Vis"cous*ness, n.

Note: There is no well-defined distinction in meaning between viscous
and viscid.

VISCUM
Vis"cum, n. Etym: [L.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of parasitic shrubs, including the mistletoe of Europe.

2. Birdlime, which is often made from the berries of the European
mistletoe.

VISCUS
Vis"cus, n.; pl. Viscera. Etym: [L., perhaps akin to E. viscid.]
(Anat.)

Defn: One of the organs, as the brain, heart, or stomach, in the
great cavities of the body of an animal; -- especially used in the
plural, and applied to the organs contained in the abdomen.

VISE
Vise, n. Etym: [F. vis a screw, winding stairs, OF. vis, viz, fr. L.
vitis a vine; probably akin to E. withy.]

Defn: An instrument consisting of two jaws, closing by a screw,
lever, cam, or the like, for holding work, as in filing. [Written
also vice.]

VISE
Vi*sé", n. Etym: [F. visé, p. p. of viser to put a visa to, fr. L.
visus seen, p. p. of videre to see.]

Defn: An indorsement made on a passport by the proper authorities of
certain countries on the continent of Europe, denoting that it has
been examined, and that the person who bears it is permitted to
proceed on his journey; a visa.

VISE
Vi*sé", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Viséed; p. pr. & vb. n. Viséing.]

Defn: To examine and indorse, as a passport; to visa.

VISHNU
Vish"nu, n. Etym: [Skr. Vish, from vish to pervade., to extend
through nature.] (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: A divinity of the modern Hindoo trimurti, or trinity. He is
regarded as the preserver, while Brahma is the creator, and Siva the
destroyer of the creation.

VISIBILITY
Vis`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. visibilitas: cf. F. visibilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being visible.

VISIBLE
Vis"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. visibilis, fr. videre, visum, to see: cf. F.
visible. See Vision.]

1. Perceivable by the eye; capable of being seen; perceptible; in
view; as, a visible star; the least spot is visible on white paper.
Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible.
Bk. of Com. Prayer.
Virtue made visible in outward grace. Young.

2. Noticeable; apparent; open; conspicuous. Shak.
The factions at court were greater, or more visible, than before.
Clarendon.
Visible church (Theol.), the apparent church of Christ on earth; the
whole body of professed believers in Christ, as contradistinguished
from the invisible, or real, church, consisting of sanctified
persons.
 -- Visible horizon. Same as Apparent horizon, under Apparent.
 -- Vis"i*ble*ness, n.
 -- Vis"i*bly, adv.

VISIBLE SPEECH
Vis"i*ble speech". (Phon.)

Defn: A system of characters invented by Prof. Alexander Melville
Bell to represent all sounds that may be uttered by the speech
organs, and intended to be suggestive of the position of the organs
of speech in uttering them.

VISIGOTH
Vis"i*goth, n. Etym: [L. Visegothae, pl. Cf. West, and Goth.]

Defn: One of the West Goths. See the Note under Goth.
 -- Vis`i*goth"ic, a.

VISION
Vi"sion, n. Etym: [OE. visioun, F. vision, fr. L. visio, from videre,
visum, to see: akin to Gr. wit. See Wit, v., and cf. Advice,
Clairvoyant, Envy, Evident, Provide, Revise, Survey, View, Visage,
Visit.]

1. The act of seeing external objects; actual sight.
Faith here is turned into vision there. Hammond.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The faculty of seeing; sight; one of the five senses, by which
colors and the physical qualities of external objects are appreciated
as a result of the stimulating action of light on the sensitive
retina, an expansion of the optic nerve.

3. That which is seen; an object of sight. Shak.

4. Especially, that which is seen otherwise than by the ordinary
sight, or the rational eye; a supernatural, prophetic, or imaginary
sight; an apparition; a phantom; a specter; as, the visions of
Isaiah.
The baseless fabric of this vision. Shak.
No dreams, but visions strange. Sir P. Sidney.

5. Hence, something unreal or imaginary; a creation of fancy. Locke.
Arc of vision (Astron.), the arc which measures the least distance
from the sun at which, when the sun is below the horizon, a star or
planet emerging from his rays becomes visible.
 -- Beatific vision (Theol.), the immediate sight of God in heaven.
 -- Direct vision (Opt.), vision when the image of the object falls
directly on the yellow spot (see under Yellow); also, vision by means
of rays which are not deviated from their original direction.
 -- Field of vision, field of view. See under Field.
 -- Indirect vision (Opt.), vision when the rays of light from an
object fall upon the peripheral parts of the retina.
 -- Reflected vision, or Refracted vision, vision by rays reflected
from mirrors, or refracted by lenses or prisms, respectively.
 -- Vision purple. (Physiol.) See Visual purple, under Visual.

VISION
Vi"sion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Visioned; p. pr. & vb. n. Visioning.]

Defn: To see in a vision; to dream.
For them no visioned terrors daunt, Their nights no fancied specters
haunt. Sir W. Scott.

VISIONAL
Vi"sion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a vision.

VISIONARINESS
Vi"sion*a*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being visionary.

VISIONARY
Vi"sion*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. visionnaire.]

1. Of or pertaining to a visions or visions; characterized by,
appropriate to, or favorable for, visions.
The visionary hour When musing midnight reigns. Thomson.

2. Affected by phantoms; disposed to receive impressions on the
imagination; given to reverie; apt to receive, and act upon, fancies
as if they were realities.
Or lull to rest the visionary maid. Pope.

3. Existing in imagination only; not real; fanciful; imaginary;
having no solid foundation; as, visionary prospect; a visionary
scheme or project. Swift.

Syn.
 -- Fanciful; fantastic; unreal. See Fanciful.

VISIONARY
Vi"sion*a*ry, n.; pl. Visionaries (.

1. One whose imagination is disturbed; one who sees visions or
phantoms.

2. One whose imagination overpowers his reason and controls his
judgment; an unpractical schemer; one who builds castles in the air;
a daydreamer.

VISIONED
Vi"sioned, a.

Defn: Having the power of seeing visions; inspired; also, seen in
visions. [R.] Shelley.

VISIONIST
Vi"sion*ist, n.

Defn: A visionary.

VISIONLESS
Vi"sion*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of vision; sightless.

VISIT
Vis"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Visited; p. pr. & vb. n. Visiting.] Etym:
[F. visiter, L. visitare, fr. visere to go to see, to visit, fr.
videre, visum to see. See Vision.]

1. To go or come to see, as for the purpose of friendship, business,
curiosity, etc.; to attend; to call upon; as, the physician visits
his patient.

2. Specifically: To go or come to see for inspection, examination,
correction of abuses, etc.; to examine, to inspect; as, a bishop
visits his diocese; a superintendent visits persons or works under
his charge.

3. (Script.)

Defn: To come to for the purpose of chastising, rewarding,
comforting; to come upon with reward or retribution; to appear before
or judge; as, to visit in mercy; to visit one in wrath.
[God] hath visited and redeemed his people. Like i. 68.

VISIT
Vis"it, v. i.

Defn: To make a visit or visits; to maintain visiting relations; to
practice calling on others.

VISIT
Vis"it, n. Etym: [Cf. F. visite. See Visit, v. t., and cf. Visite.]

1. The act of visiting, or going to see a person or thing; a brief
stay of business, friendship, ceremony, curiosity, or the like,
usually longer than a call; as, a visit of civility or respect; a
visit to Saratoga; the visit of a physician.

2. The act of going to view or inspect; an official or formal
inspection; examination; visitation; as, the visit of a trustee or
inspector. Right of visit (Internat. Law), the right of visitation.
See Visitation, 4.

VISITABLE
Vis"it*a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable or subject to be visited or inspected. "All hospitals
built since the Reformation are visitable by the king or lord
chancellor." Ayliffe.

VISITANT
Vis"it*ant, n. Etym: [L. visitans, -antis; p. pr.: cf. F. visitant.]

Defn: One who visits; a guest; a visitor.
When the visitant comes again, he is no more a stranger. South.

VISITANT
Vis"it*ant, a.

Defn: Visiting. Wordsworth.

VISITATION
Vis`it*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. visitatio: cf. F. visitation.]

1. The act of visiting, or the state of being visited; access for
inspection or examination.
Nothing but peace and gentle visitation. Shak.

2. Specifically: The act of a superior or superintending officer who,
in the discharge of his office, visits a corporation, college, etc.,
to examine into the manner in which it is conducted, and see that its
laws and regulations are duly observed and executed; as, the
visitation of a diocese by a bishop.

3. The object of a visit. [Obs.] "O flowers, . . . my early
visitation and my last." Milton.

4. (Internat. Law)

Defn: The act of a naval commander who visits, or enters on board, a
vessel belonging to another nation, for the purpose of ascertaining
her character and object, but without claiming or exercising a right
of searching the vessel. It is, however, usually coupled with the
right of search (see under Search), visitation being used for the
purpose of search.

5. Special dispensation; communication of divine favor and goodness,
or, more usually, of divine wrath and vengeance; retributive
calamity; retribution; judgment.
What will ye do in the day of visitation Isa. x. 3.

6. (Eccl.)

Defn: A festival in honor of the visit of the Virgin Mary to
Elisabeth, mother of John the Baptist, celebrated on the second of
July. The Order of the Visitation of Our Lady (R. C. Ch.), a
religious community of nuns, founded at Annecy, in Savoy, in 1610,
and in 1808 established in the United States. In America these nuns
are devoted to the education of girls.

VISITATORIAL
Vis`it*a*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. visitator a bishop temporarily
put in place of another.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to visitation, or a judicial visitor or
superintendent; visitorial.
An archdeacon has visitatorial power. Ayliffe.
The queen, however, still had over the church a visitatorial power of
vast and undefined extent. Macaulay.

VISITE
Vi*site", n. Etym: [F. See Visit, n.]

Defn: A light cape or short cloak of silk or lace worn by women in
summer.

VISITER
Vis"it*er, n.

Defn: A visitor.

VISITING
Vis"it*ing,

Defn: a. & vb. n. from Visit. Visiting ant. (Zoöl.) See Driver ant,
under Driver.
 -- Visiting book, a book in which a record of visits received, made,
and to be made, is kept. Thackeray.
 -- Visiting card. See under Card.

VISITOR
Vis"it*or. Etym: [Cf. F. visiteur.] [Written also visiter.]

1. One who visits; one who comes or goes to see another, as in
civility or friendship. "This great flood of visitors." Shak.

2. A superior, or a person lawfully appointed for the purpose, who
makes formal visits of inspection to a corporation or an institution.
See Visit, v. t., 2, and Visitation, n., 2.
The king is the visitor of all lay corporations. Blackstone.

VISITORIAL
Vis`it*o"ri*al, a.

Defn: Same as Visitatorial.

VISIVE
Vi"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. visif, LL. visivus. See Vision.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sight; visual. [Obs.]
I can not satisfy myself how men should be so little surprised about
this visive faculty. Berkeley.

VIS MAJOR
Vis ma"jor. [L. major greater.] (Law)

Defn: A superior force which under certain circumstances is held to
exempt from contract obligations; inevitable accident; -- a civil-law
term used as nearly equivalent to, but broader than, the common-law
term act of God (which see).

VISNE
Visne, n. Etym: [OF. visné, veisiné, visnet, neighborhood, LL.
vicinatus, fr. L. vicunus neighboring, a neighbor. See Vicinity.]
(Law)

Defn: Neighborhood; vicinity; venue. See Venue.

VISNOMY
Vis"no*my, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. physiognomy.]

Defn: Face; countenance. [Colloq.] Spenser. Lamb.

VISON
Vi"son, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The mink.

VISOR
Vis"or, n. Etym: [OE. visere, F. visière, fr. OF. vis. See Visage,
Vision.] [Written also visar, visard, vizard, and vizor.]

1. A part of a helmet, arranged so as to lift or open, and so show
the face. The openings for seeing and breathing are generally in it.

2. A mask used to disfigure or disguise. "My very visor began to
assume life." Shak.
My weaker government since, makes you pull off the visor. Sir P.
Sidney.

3. The fore piece of a cap, projecting over, and protecting the eyes.

VISORED
Vis"ored, a.

Defn: Wearing a visor; masked.
Visored falsehood and base forgery. Milton.

VISTA
Vis"ta, n.; pl. Vistas. Etym: [It., sight, view, fr. vedere, p. p.
visto, veduto, to see, fr. L. videre, visum. See View, Vision.]

Defn: A view; especially, a view through or between intervening
objects, as trees; a view or prospect through an avenue, or the like;
hence, the trees or other objects that form the avenue.
The finished garden to the view Its vistas opens, and its alleys
green. Thomson.
In the groves of their academy, at the end of every vista, you see
nothing but the gallows. Burke.
The shattered tower which now forms a vista from his window. Sir W.
Scott.

VISTO
Vis"to, n.

Defn: A vista; a prospect. [R.] Gay.
Through the long visto of a thousand years. Young.

VISUAL
Vis"u*al, a. Etym: [L. visualis, from visus a seeing, sight: cf. F.
visuel. See Vision.]

1. Of or pertaining to sight; used in sight; serving as the
instrument of seeing; as, the visual nerve.
The air, Nowhere so clear, sharpened his visual ray. Milton.

2. That can be seen; visible. [R.] Visual angle. (Opt.) See under
Angle.
 -- Visual cone (Persp.), a cone whose vertex is at the point of
sight, or the eye.
 -- Visual plane, any plane passing through the point of sight.
 -- Visual point, the point at which the visual rays unite; the
position of the eye.
 -- Visual purple (Physiol.), a photochemical substance, of a
purplish red color, contained in the retina of human eyes and in the
eyes of most animals. It is quickly bleached by light, passing
through the colors, red, orange, and yellow, and then disappearing.
Also called rhodopsin, and vision purple. See Optography.
 -- Visual ray, a line from the eye, or point of sight.
 -- Visual white (Physiol.), the final product in the action of light
on visual purple. It is reconverted into visual purple by the
regenerating action of the choroidal epithelium.
 -- Visual yellow (Physiol.), a product intermediate between visual
purple and visual white, formed in the photochemical action of light
on visual purple.

VISUALIZE
Vis"u*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make visual, or visible; to see in fancy. [Written also
visualise.]
No one who has not seen them [glaciers] can possibly visualize them.
Lubbock.

VISUALIZER
Vis"u*al*iz`er, n.

Defn: One who visualizes or is proficient in visualization; esp.
(Physiol.),

Defn: one whose mental imagery is prevailingly visualization.

VITAILLE
Vi*taille, n. Etym: [See Victuals.]

Defn: Food; victuals. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Chaucer.

VITAL
Vi"tal, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. vitalis, fr. vita life; akin to vivere
to live. See Vivid.]

1. Belonging or relating to life, either animal or vegetable; as,
vital energies; vital functions; vital actions.

2. Contributing to life; necessary to, or supporting, life; as, vital
blood.
Do the heavens afford him vital food Spenser.
And vital virtue infused, and vital warmth. Milton.

3. Containing life; living. "Spirits that live throughout, vital in
every part." Milton.

4. Being the seat of life; being that on which life depends; mortal.
The dart flew on, and pierced a vital part. Pope.

5. Very necessary; highly important; essential.
A competence is vital to content. Young.

6. Capable of living; in a state to live; viable. [R.]
Pythagoras and Hippocrates . . . affirm the birth of the seventh
month to be vital. Sir T. Browne.
Vital air, oxygen gas; -- so called because essential to animal life.
[Obs.] -- Vital capacity (Physiol.), the breathing capacity of the
lungs; -- expressed by the number of cubic inches of air which can be
forcibly exhaled after a full inspiration.
 -- Vital force. (Biol.) See under Force. The vital forces, according
to Cope, are nerve force (neurism), growth force (bathmism), and
thought force (phrenism), all under the direction and control of the
vital principle. Apart from the phenomena of consciousness, vital
actions no longer need to be considered as of a mysterious and
unfathomable character, nor vital force as anything other than a form
of physical energy derived from, and convertible into, other well-
known forces of nature.
 -- Vital functions (Physiol.), those functions or actions of the
body on which life is directly dependent, as the circulation of the
blood, digestion, etc.
 -- Vital principle, an immaterial force, to which the functions
peculiar to living beings are ascribed.
 -- Vital statistics, statistics respecting the duration of life, and
the circumstances affecting its duration.
 -- Vital tripod. (Physiol.) See under Tripod.
 -- Vital vessels (Bot.), a name for latex tubes, now disused. See
Latex.

VITAL
Vi"tal, n.

Defn: A vital part; one of the vitals. [R.]

VITALIC
Vi*tal"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to life; vital. [R.]

VITALISM
Vi"tal*ism, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The doctrine that all the functions of a living organism are
due to an unknown vital principle distinct from all chemical and
physical forces.

VITALIST
Vi`tal*ist, n. (Biol.)

Defn: A believer in the theory of vitalism; -- opposed to physicist.

VITALISTIC
Vi`tal*is"tic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or involving, vitalism, or the theory of a
special vital principle.

VITALITY
Vi*tal"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. vitalitas: cf. F. vitalité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being vital; the principle of life;
vital force; animation; as, the vitality of eggs or vegetable seeds;
the vitality of an enterprise.

VITALIZATION
Vi`tal*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of vitalizing, or infusing the vital
principle.

VITALIZE
Vi"tal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vitalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vitalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. vitaliser.]

Defn: To endow with life, or vitality; to give life to; to make
alive; as, vitalized blood.

VITALLY
Vi"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a vital manner.

VITALS
Vi"tals, n. pl.

1. Organs that are necessary for life; more especially, the heart,
lungs, and brain.

2. Fig.: The part essential to the life or health of anything; as,
the vitals of a state. "The vitals of the public body." Glanvill.

VITASCOPE
Vi"ta*scope, n. [L. vita life + -scope.]

Defn: A form of machine for exhibiting animated pictures.

VITELLARY
Vit"el*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. vitellus a little calf, the yolk of an
egg.] (Biol.)

Defn: Vitelline.

VITELLIGENOUS
Vit`el*lig"e*nous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing yolk, or vitelline substance; -- applied to certain
cells (also called nutritive, or yolk, cells) formed in the ovaries
of many insects, and supposed to supply nutriment to the developing
ova.

VITELLIN
Vi*tel"lin, n. Etym: [See Vitellus.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An albuminous body, belonging to the class of globulins,
obtained from yolk of egg, of which it is the chief proteid
constituent, and from the seeds of many plants. From the latter it
can be separated in crystalline form.

VITELLINE
Vi*tel"line, a. Etym: [L. vitellus the yolk of an egg.] (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the yolk of eggs; as, the vitelline
membrane, a smooth, transparent membrane surrounding the vitellus.

VITELLOGENE
Vi*tel"lo*gene, n. Etym: [See Vitellus, and -gen.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gland secreting the yolk of the eggs in trematodes,
turbellarians, and some other helminths.

VITELLUS
Vi*tel"lus, n. Etym: [L., the yolk of an egg.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: The contents or substance of the ovum; egg yolk. See Illust. of
Ovum.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Perisperm in an early condition.

VITIATE
Vi"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vitiated; p. pr. & vb. n. Vitiating.]
Etym: [L. vitiatus, p. p. vitiare to vitiate, fr. vitium a fault,
vice. See Vice a fault.] [Written also viciate.]

1. To make vicious, faulty, or imperfect; to render defective; to
injure the substance or qualities of; to impair; to contaminate; to
spoil; as, exaggeration vitiates a style of writing; sewer gas
vitiates the air.
A will vitiated and growth out of love with the truth disposes the
understanding to error and delusion. South.
Without care it may be used to vitiate our minds. Burke.
This undistinguishing complaisance will vitiate the taste of readers.
Garth.

2. To cause to fail of effect, either wholly or in part; to make
void; to destroy, as the validity or binding force of an instrument
or transaction; to annul; as, any undue influence exerted on a jury
vitiates their verdict; fraud vitiates a contract.

VITIATION
Vi`ti*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. vitiatio.]

Defn: The act of vitiating, or the state of being vitiated;
depravation; corruption; invalidation; as, the vitiation of the
blood; the vitiation of a contract.
The vitiation that breeds evil acts. G. Eliot.

VITICULOSE
Vi*tic"u*lose`, a. Etym: [L. viticula, dim. of vitis vine.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having long and slender trailing stems.

VITICULTURAL
Vit`i*cul"tur*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to viticulture.

VITICULTURE
Vit"i*cul`ture, n. Etym: [L. vitis vine + E. culture.]

Defn: The cultivation of the vine; grape growing.

VITICULTURIST
Vit`i*cul"tur*ist, n.

Defn: One engaged in viticulture.

VITILIGO
Vit`i*li"go, n. Etym: [L., a kind of tetter, fr. vitium blemish,
vice.] (Med.)

Defn: A rare skin disease consisting in the development of smooth,
milk-white spots upon various parts of the body.

VITILITIGATE
Vit`i*lit"i*gate, v. i. Etym: [L. vitilitigare to quarrel
disgracefully; vitium vice + litigare to quarrel.]

Defn: To contend in law litigiously or cavilously. [Obs.]

VITILITIGATION
Vit`i*lit`i*ga"tion, n.

Defn: Cavilous litigation; cavillation. [Obs.] Hudibras.

VITIOSITY
Vi`ti*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. vitiositas. See Vicious.]

Defn: Viciousness; depravity.
The perverseness and vitiosity of man's will. South.

VITIOUS; VITIOUSLY; VITIOUSNESS
Vi"tious, a., Vi"tious*ly, adv., Vi"tious*ness, n.

Defn: See Vicious, Viciously, Viciousness.

VITIS
Vi"tis, n. Etym: [L., a vine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including all true grapevines.

VITOE
Vi"to*e, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Durukuli.

VITRAGE
Vit"rage, n. [F., prop., glazing, glass window.]

Defn: A curtain of light and translucent material intended to be
secured directly to the woodwork of a French casement window or a
glazed door.

VITRELLA
Vi*trel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. vitrum glass.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the transparent lenslike cells in the ocelli of certain
arthropods.

VITREO-ELECTIC
Vit`re*o-e*lec"tic, a. Etym: [See Vitreous, and Electric.] (Physics)

Defn: Containing or exhibiting positive, or vitreous, electricity.

VITREOUS
Vit"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. vitreous, from vitrum glass; perhaps akin to
videre to see (see Vision). Cf. Varnish.]

1. Consisting of, or resembling, glass; glassy; as, vitreous rocks.

2. Of or pertaining to glass; derived from glass; as, vitreous
electricity. Vitreous body (Anat.), the vitreous humor. See the Note
under Eye.
 -- Vitreous electricity (Elec.), the kind of electricity excited by
rubbing glass with certain substances, as silk; positive electricity;
-- opposed to resinous, or negative, electricity.
 -- Vitreous humor. (Anat.) See the Note under Eye.
 -- Vitreous sponge (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of siliceous
sponges having, often fibrous, glassy spicules which are normally
six-rayed; a hexactinellid sponge. See Venus's basket, under Venus.

VITREOUSNESS
Vit"re*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vitreous.

VITRESCENCE
Vi*tres"cence, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vitreous; glassiness, or the
quality of being vitrescent; capability of conversion into glass;
susceptibility of being formed into glass. Kirwan.

VITRESCENT
Vi*tres"cent, a. Etym: [See Vitreous.]

Defn: Capable of being formed into glass; tending to become glass.

VITRESCIBLE
Vi*tres"ci*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vitrescible.]

Defn: That may be vitrified; vitrifiable.

VITRIC
Vit"ric, a. Etym: [L. vitrum glass.]

Defn: Having the nature and qualities of glass; glasslike; --
distinguished from ceramic.

VITRICS
Vit"rics, n. [See Vitric.]

1. The art or study of the manufacture and decoration of glassware.

2.  pl. Articles of glassware, glassware in general.

VITRIFACTION
Vit`ri*fac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. Vitrification.]

Defn: The act, art, or process of vitrifying; also, the state of
being vitrified.

VITRIFACTURE
Vit`ri*fac"ture, n. Etym: [L. vitrum glass + facere, factum, to
make.]

Defn: The manufacture of glass and glassware.

VITRIFIABLE
Vit"ri*fi`a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vitrifiable.]

Defn: Capable of being vitrified, or converted into glass by heat and
fusion; as, flint and alkalies are vitrifiable.

VITRIFICABLE
Vi*trif"i*ca*ble, a.

Defn: Vitrifiable. [Obs.]

VITRIFICATE
Vit"ri*fi*cate, v. t.

Defn: To convert into glass; to vitrify. [Obs.] Bacon.

VITRIFICATION
Vit`ri*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [See Vitrify.]

Defn: Same as Vitrifaction. Sir T. Browne. Ure.

VITRIFIED
Vit"ri*fied, a.

Defn: Converted into glass.

VITRIFORM
Vit"ri*form, a. Etym: [L. vitrum glass + -form.]

Defn: Having the form or appearance of glass; resembling glass;
glasslike.

VITRIFY
Vit"ri*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vitrified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vitrifying.] Etym: [F. vitrifier; L. vitrum glass + -ficare to make.
See Vitreous, -fy.]

Defn: To convert into, or cause to resemble, glass or a glassy
substance, by heat and fusion.

VITRIFY
Vit"ri*fy, v. t.

Defn: To become glass; to be converted into glass.
Chymists make vessels of animal substances, calcined, which will not
vitrify in the fire. Arbuthnot.

VITRINA
Vi*tri"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. vitrum glass.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of terrestrial gastropods, having transparent, very
thin, and delicate shells, -- whence the name.

VITRINE
Vit"rine, n. [F.]

Defn: A glass show case for displaying fine wares, specimens, etc.

VITRIOL
Vit"ri*ol, n. Etym: [F. vitriol; cf. Pr. vitriol, vetriol, Sp. & Pg.
vitriolo, It. vitriuolo; fr. L. vitreolus of glass, vitreus vitreous.
See Vitreous.] (Chem.)
(a) A sulphate of any one of certain metals, as copper, iron, zinc,
cobalt. So called on account of the glassy appearance or luster.
(b) Sulphuric acid; -- called also oil of vitriol. So called because
first made by the distillation of green vitriol. See Sulphuric acid,
under Sulphuric. [Colloq.] Blue vitriol. See under Blue.
 -- Green vitriol, ferrous sulphate; copperas. See under Green.
 -- Oil of vitriol, sulphuric or vitriolic acid; -- popularly so
called because it has the consistency of oil.
 -- Red vitriol, a native sulphate of cobalt.
 -- Vitriol of Mars, ferric sulphate, a white crystalline substance
which dissolves in water, forming a red solution.
 -- White vitriol, zinc sulphate, a white crystalline substance used
in medicine and in dyeing. It is usually obtained by dissolving zinc
in sulphuric acid, or by roasting and oxidizing certain zinc ores.
Formerly called also vitriol of zinc.

VITRIOLATE
Vit"ri*o*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vitriolated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vitriolating.] (Old Chem.)
(a) To convert into, or change to, a vitriol; to make into sulphuric
acid or a sulphate.
(b) To subject to the action of, or impregnate with, vitriol.

VITRIOLATE
Vit"ri*o*late, a.

Defn: Vitriolated. [R.]

VITRIOLATE
Vit"ri*o*late, n. (Old Chem.)

Defn: A sulphate.

VITRIOLATED
Vit"ri*o*la`ted, a. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Changed into a vitriol or a sulphate, or subjected to the
action of sulphuric acid or of a sulphate; as, vitriolated potash, i.
e., potassium sulphate.

VITRIOLATION
Vit`ri*o*la"tion, n. (Old Chem.)

Defn: The act, process, or result of vitriolating.

VITRIOLIC
Vit`ri*ol"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vitriolique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to vitriol; derived from, or resembling,
vitriol; vitriolous; as, a vitriolic taste. Cf. Vitriol. Vitriolic
acid (Old Chem.), (a) sulphuric acid. See Vitriol (b). [Colloq.]

VITRIOLIZABLE
Vit"ri*ol*i`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being converted into a vitriol.

VITRIOLIZATION
Vit`ri*ol*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vitriolisation.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: The act of vitriolizing, or the state of being vitriolized;
vitriolation.

VITRIOLIZE
Vit"ri*ol*ize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. vitrioliser.]

Defn: To convert into a vitriol; to vitriolate.

VITRIOLOUS
Vi*tri"o*lous, a.

Defn: See Vitriolic. [Obs.]

VITRITE
Vit"rite, n. Etym: [L. vitrum glass.]

Defn: A kind of glass which is very hard and difficult to fuse, used
as an insulator in electrical lamps and other apparatus.

VITRO-DI-TRINA
Vit"ro-di-tri"na, n. [It. vetro di trina glass of lace.]

Defn: A kind of Venetian glass or glassware in which white threads
are embedded in transparent glass with a lacelike or netlike effect.

VITRUVIAN
Vi*tru"vi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Vitruvius, an ancient Roman architect.
Vitruvian scroll (Arch.), a name given to a peculiar pattern of
scrollwork, consisting of convolved undulations. It is used in
classical architecture. Oxf. Gloss.

VITTA
Vit"ta, n.; pl. Vittæ. Etym: [L. vitta ribbon, fillet.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the oil tubes in the fruit of umbelliferous plants.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A band, or stripe, of color.

VITTATE
Vit"tate, a. Etym: [L. vittatus bound with a fillet, fr. vitta
fillet.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing or containing vittæ.

2. Striped longitudinally.

VITULINE
Vit"u*line, a. Etym: [L. vitulinus, fr. vitulus a calf. See Veal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a calf or veal.

VITUPERABLE
Vi*tu"per*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. vituperabilis: cf. F. vitupérable.]

Defn: Liable to, or deserving, vituperation, or severe censure.

VITUPERATE
Vi*tu"per*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. vituperatus, p. p. of vituperare to
blame, vituperate; vitium a fault + parare to prepare. See Vice a
fault, and Pare, v. t.]

Defn: To find fault with; to scold; to overwhelm with wordy abuse; to
censure severely or abusively; to rate.

VITUPERATION
Vi*tu`per*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. vituperatio: cf. OF. vituperation. See
Vituperate.]

Defn: The act of vituperating; abuse; severe censure; blame.
When a man becomes untractable and inaccessible by fierceness and
pride, then vituperation comes upon him. Donne.

VITUPERATIVE
Vi*tu"per*a*tive, a.

Defn: Uttering or writing censure; containing, or characterized by,
abuse; scolding; abusive.
 -- Vi*tu"per*a*tive*ly, adv.
Vituperative appellations derived from their real or supposed ill
qualities. B. Jonson.

VITUPERATOR
Vi*tu"per*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who vituperates, or censures abusively.

VITUPERRIOUS
Vi`tu*per"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Worthy of vituperation; shameful; disgraceful. [Obs.]

VIVACE
Vi*va"ce, a. & adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Brisk; vivacious; with spirit; -- a direction to perform a
passage in a brisk and lively manner.

VIVACIOUS
Vi*va"cious, a. Etym: [L. vívax, -acis, fr. vivere to live. See
Vivid.]

1. Having vigorous powers of life; tenacious of life; long-lived.
[Obs.]
Hitherto the English bishops have been vivacious almost to wonder. .
. . But five died for the first twenty years of her [Queen
Elizabeth's] reign. Fuller.
The faith of Christianity is far more vivacious than any mere
ravishment of the imagination can ever be. I. Taylor.

2. Sprightly in temper or conduct; lively; merry; as, a vivacious
poet. "Vivacious nonsense." V. Knox.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Living through the winter, or from year to year; perennial.
[R.]

Syn.
 -- Sprightly; active; animated; sportive; gay; merry; jocund; light-
hearted.
 -- Vi*va"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Vi*va"cious*ness, n.

VIVACITY
Vi*vac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. vivicitas: cf. F. vivacité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being vivacious. Specifically: --
(a) Tenacity of life; vital force; natural vigor. [Obs.] The vivacity
of some of these pensioners is little less than a miracle, they lived
so long. Fuller.

(b) Life; animation; spiritedness; liveliness; sprightliness; as, the
vivacity of a discourse; a lady of great vivacity; vivacity of
countenance.

Syn.
 -- Liveliness; gayety. See Liveliness.

VIVANDIER
Vi`van`dier", n. [OF. & F. vivandier, fr. LL. vivanda, vivenda,
provisions. Cf. Viand.]

Defn: In Continental armies, esp. the French, a sutler.

VIVANDIERE
Vi`van`dière", n. Etym: [F. See Viand.]

Defn: In Continental armies, especially in the French army, a woman
accompanying a regiment, who sells provisions and liquor to the
soldiers; a female sutler.

VIVARIUM
Vi*va"ri*um, n.; pl. E. Vivariums, L. Vivaria. Etym: [L., fr.
vivarius belonging to living creatures, fr. vivus alive, living. See
Vivid.]

Defn: A place artificially arranged for keeping or raising living
animals, as a park, a pond, an aquarium, a warren, etc.

VIVARY
Vi"va*ry, n.; pl. Vivaries (.

Defn: A vivarium. "That . . . vivary of fowls and beasts." Donne.

VIVA VOCE
Vi"va vo"ce. Etym: [L.]

Defn: By word of mouth; orally.

VIVDA
Viv"da, n.

Defn: See Vifda.

VIVE
Vive (vev). Etym: [F., imperative sing. pres. fr. vivre to live, L.
vivere.]

Defn: Long live, that is, success to; as, vive le roi, long live the
king; vive la bagatelle, success to trifles or sport.

VIVE
Vive (viv), a. Etym: [L. vivus: cf. F. vif. See Vivid.]

Defn: Lively; animated; forcible. [Obs.] Bacon.

VIVELY
Vive"ly, adv.

Defn: In a lively manner. [Obs.]
If I see a thing vively represented on the stage. B. Jonson.

VIVENCY
Vi"ven*cy, n. Etym: [L. vivens, p. pr. of vivere to live.]

Defn: Manner of supporting or continuing life or vegetation. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.

VIVERRA
Vi*ver"ra, n. Etym: [L., a ferret.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of carnivores which comprises the civets.

VIVERRINE
Vi*ver"rine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Viverridæ, or Civet family.

VIVERS
Vi"vers, n. pl. Etym: [F. vivres, pl. of vivre, orig., to live.]

Defn: Provisions; victuals. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
I 'll join you at three, if the vivers can tarry so long. Sir W.
Scott.

VIVES
Vives, n. Etym: [OF. vives, F. avives (cf. Sp. abivas, adiva) fr. Ar.
ad-dhiba. Cf. Fives vives.] (Far.)

Defn: A disease of brute animals, especially of horses, seated in the
glands under the ear, where a tumor is formed which sometimes ends in
suppuration.

VIVIANITE
Viv"i*an*ite, n. Etym: [So called by Werner after the English
mineralogist F. G. Vivian.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous phosphate of iron of a blue to green color, growing
darker on exposure. It occurs in monoclinic crystals, also fibrous,
massive, and earthy.

VIVID
Viv"id, a. Etym: [L. vividus, from vivere to life; akin to vivus
living. See Quick, a., and cf. Revive, Viand, Victuals, Vital.]

1. True to the life; exhibiting the appearance of life or freshness;
animated; spirited; bright; strong; intense; as, vivid colors.
In dazzling streaks the vivid lightnings play. Cowper.
Arts which present, with all the vivid charms of painting, the human
face and human form divine. Bp. Hobart.

2. Forming brilliant images, or painting in lively colors; lively;
sprightly; as, a vivid imagination.
Body is a fit workhouse for sprightly, vivid faculties to exercise .
. . themselves in. South.

Syn.
 -- Clear; lucid; bright; strong; striking; lively; quick; sprightly;
active.
 -- Viv"id*ly, adv.
 -- Viv"id*ness, n.

VIVIDITY
Vi*vid"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vivid; vividness. [R.]

VIVIFIC; VIVIFICAL
Vi*vif"ic, Vi*vif"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. vivificus: cf. F. vivifique.
See Vivify.]

Defn: Giving life; reviving; enlivening. [R.]

VIVIFICATE
Vi*vif"i*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. vivificatus, p. p. vivificare. See
Vivify.]

1. To give life to; to animate; to revive; to vivify. [R.]
God vivificates and actuates the whole world. Dr. H. More.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: To bring back a metal to the metallic form, as from an oxide or
solution; to reduce. [Obs.]

VIVIFICATION
Viv`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. vivificatio: cf. vivification.]

1. The act of vivifying, or the state of being vivified; restoration
of life; revival. Bacon.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: One of the changes of assimilation, in which proteid matter
which has been transformed, and made a part of the tissue or tissue
cells, is endowed with life, and thus enabled to manifest the
phenomena of irritability, contractility, etc. McKendrick.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of vivificating. [Obs.]

VIVIFICATIVE
Viv"i*fi*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Able or tending to vivify, animate, or give life; vivifying.

VIVIFY
Viv"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vivified; p. pr. & vb. n. Vivifying.]
Etym: [F. vivifier, L. vivificare. See Vivid, -fy; cf. Vivificate.]

Defn: To endue with life; to make to be living; to quicken; to
animate.
Sitting on eggs doth vivify, not nourish. Bacon.

VIVIPARA
Vi*vip"a*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Viviparous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An artificial division of vertebrates including those that
produce their young alive; -- opposed to Ovipara.

VIVIPARITY
Viv`i*par"i*ty, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The quality or condition of being viviparous. H. Spencer.

VIVIPAROUS
Vi*vip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. viviparus; vivus alive + parere to bear,
bring forth. Cf. Viper.] (Biol.)

Defn: Producing young in a living state, as most mammals, or as those
plants the offspring of which are produced alive, either by bulbs
instead of seeds, or by the seeds themselves germinating on the
plant, instead of falling, as they usually do; -- opposed to
oviparous. Viviparous fish. (Zoöl.) See Embiotocoid.
 -- Viviparous shell (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of
operculated fresh-water gastropods belonging to Viviparus, Melantho,
and allied genera. Their young, when born, have a well-developed
spiral shell.

VIVIPAROUSLY
Vi*vip"a*rous*ly, adv. (Biol.)

Defn: In a viviparous manner.

VIVIPAROUSNESS
Vi*vip"a*rous*ness, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The quality of being viviparous; viviparity.

VIVISECT
Viv"i*sect`, v. t.

Defn: To perform vivisection upon; to dissect alive. [Colloq.] Pop.
Sci. Monthly.

VIVISECTION
Viv`i*sec"tion, n. Etym: [L. vivus alive + E. section: cf. F.
vivisection. See Vivid, and Section.]

Defn: The dissection of an animal while alive, for the purpose of
making physiological investigations.

VIVISECTIONAL
Viv`i*sec"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to vivisection.

VIVISECTIONIST
Viv`i*sec"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who practices or advocates vivisection; a vivisector.

VIVISECTOR
Viv`i*sec"tor, n.

Defn: A vivisectionist.

VIXEN
Vix"en, n. Etym: [AS. fixen a she-fox, for fyxen, fem. of fox. See
Fox.]

1. A female fox. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

2. A cross, ill-tempered person; -- formerly used of either sex, now
only of a woman. Barrow.
She was a vixen when she went to school. Shak.

VIXENISH
Vix"en*ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a vixen; resembling a vixen.

VIXENLY
Vix"en*ly, a.

Defn: Like a vixen; vixenish. Barrow.

VIZ
Viz, adv. Etym: [Contr. fr. videlicet.]

Defn: To wit; that is; namely.

VIZARD
Viz"ard, n. Etym: [See Visor.]

Defn: A mask; a visor. [Archaic] "A grotesque vizard." Sir W. Scott.
To mislead and betray them under the vizard of law. Milton.

VIZARDED
Viz"ard*ed, a.

Defn: Wearing a vizard. [R.] Shak.

VIZCACHA
Viz*ca"cha, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Viscacha.

VIZIER
Viz"ier, n. Etym: [Ar. wezir, wazir, properly, a bearer of burdens, a
porter, from wazara to bear a burden: cf. F. vizir, visir. Cf.
Alguazil.]

Defn: A councilor of state; a high executive officer in Turkey and
other Oriental countries. [Written also visier, vizir, and vizer.]
Grand vizier, the chief minister of the Turkish empire; -- called
also vizier-azem.

VIZIERATE
Viz"ier*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vizirat.]

Defn: The office, dignity, or authority of a vizier.

VIZIER-AZEM
Vi*zier`-a*zem", n. Etym: [Ar. azam great. See Vizier.]

Defn: A grand vizier. See under Vizier.

VIZIERIAL
Vi*zier"i*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vizirial.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or issued by, a vizier. [Written also
vizirial.]

VIZIR
Vi*zir", n.

Defn: See Vizier.

VIZOR
Viz"or, n.

Defn: See Visor.

VLISSMAKI
Vliss*ma"ki, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The diadem indris. See Indris.

V MOTH
V" moth`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A common gray European moth (Halia vauaria) having a V-shaped
spot of dark brown on each of the fore wings.

VOCABLE
Vo"ca*ble, n. Etym: [L. vocabulum an appellation, designation, name,
fr. vocare to call, fr. vox, vocis, a voice, a word: cf. F. vocable.
See Voice.]

Defn: A word; a term; a name; specifically, a word considered as
composed of certain sounds or letters, without regard to its meaning.
Swamped near to drowning in a tide of ingenious vocables. Carlyle.

VOCABULARY
Vo*cab"u*la*ry, n.; pl. Vocabularies. Etym: [LL. vocabularium,
vocabularius: cf. F. vocabulaire. See Vocable.]

1. A list or collection of words arranged in alphabetical order and
explained; a dictionary or lexicon, either of a whole language, a
single work or author, a branch of science, or the like; a word-book.

2. A sum or stock of words employed.
His vocabulary seems to have been no larger than was necessary for
the transaction of business. Macaulay.

VOCABULIST
Vo*cab"u*list, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vocabuliste.]

Defn: The writer or maker of a vocabulary; a lexicographer.

VOCAL
Vo"cal, a. Etym: [L. vocalis, fr. vox, vocis, voice: cf. F. vocal.
See Voice, and cf. Vowel.]

1. Of or pertaining to the voice or speech; having voice; endowed
with utterance; full of voice, or voices.
To hill or valley, fountain, or fresh shade, Made vocal by my song.
Milton.

2. Uttered or modulated by the voice; oral; as, vocal melody; vocal
prayer. "Vocal worship." Milton.

3. Of or pertaining to a vowel or voice sound; also,

4. (Phon.)
(a) Consisting of, or characterized by, voice, or tone produced in
the larynx, which may be modified, either by resonance, as in the
case of the vowels, or by obstructive action, as in certain
consonants, such as v, l, etc., or by both, as in the nasals m, n,
ng; sonant; intonated; voiced. See Voice, and Vowel, also Guide to
Pronunciation, §§ 199-202.
(b) Of or pertaining to a vowel; having the character of a vowel;
vowel. Vocal cords or chords. (Anat.) See Larynx, and the Note under
Voice, n., 1.
 -- Vocal fremitus Etym: [L. fremitus a dull roaring or murmuring]
(Med.), the perceptible vibration of the chest wall, produced by the
transmission of the sonorous vibrations during the act of using the
voice.
 -- Vocal music, music made by the voice, in distinction from
instrumental music; hence, music or tunes set to words, to be
performed by the human voice.
 -- Vocal tube (Anat.), the part of the air passages above the
inferior ligaments of the larynx, including the passages through the
nose and mouth.

VOCAL
Vo"cal, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vocal, LL. vocalis.]

1. (Phon.)

Defn: A vocal sound; specifically, a purely vocal element of speech,
unmodified except by resonance; a vowel or a diphthong; a tonic
element; a tonic; -- distinguished from a subvocal, and a nonvocal.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A man who has a right to vote in certain elections.

VOCALIC
Vo*cal"ic, a. Etym: [L. vocalis (sc. littera) a vowel. See Vocal, a.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to vowel sounds; consisting of the vowel
sounds. Earle.
The Gaelic language being uncommonly vocalic. Sir W. Scott.

VOCALISM
Vo"cal*ism, n.

1. The exercise of the vocal organs; vocalization.

2. A vocalic sound. [R.]

VOCALIST
Vo"cal*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vocaliste.]

Defn: A singer, or vocal musician, as opposed to an instrumentalist.

VOCALITY
Vo*cal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. L. vocalitas euphony.]

1. The quality or state of being vocal; utterableness; resonance; as,
the vocality of the letters.

2. The quality of being a vowel; vocalic character.

VOCALIZATION
Vo`cal*i*za"tion, n.

1. The act of vocalizing, or the state of being vocalized.

2. The formation and utterance of vocal sounds.

VOCALIZE
Vo"cal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vocalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vocalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. vocaliser.]

1. To form into voice; to make vocal or sonant; to give intonation or
resonance to.
It is one thing to give an impulse to breath alone, another thing to
vocalize that breath. Holder.

2. To practice singing on the vowel sounds.

VOCALLY
Vo"cal*ly, adv.

1. In a vocal manner; with voice; orally; with audible sound.

2. In words; verbally; as, to express desires vocally.

VOCALNESS
Vo"cal*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being vocal; vocality.

VOCATION
Vo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. vocatio a bidding, invitation, fr. vocare to
call, fr. vox, vocis, voice: cf. F. vocation. See Vocal.]

1. A call; a summons; a citation; especially, a designation or
appointment to a particular state, business, or profession.
What can be urged for them who not having the vocation of poverty to
scribble, out of mere wantonness make themselves ridiculous Dryden.

2. Destined or appropriate employment; calling; occupation; trade;
business; profession.
He would think his service greatly rewarded, if he might obtain by
that means to live in the sight of his prince, and yet practice his
own chosen vocation. Sir. P. Sidney.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: A calling by the will of God. Specifically: --
(a) The bestowment of God's distinguishing grace upon a person or
nation, by which that person or nation is put in the way of
salvation; as, the vocation of the Jews under the old dispensation,
and of the Gentiles under the gospel. "The golden chain of vocation,
election, and justification." Jer. Taylor.
(b) A call to special religious work, as to the ministry.
Every member of the same [the Church], in his vocation and ministry.
Bk. of Com. Prayer.

VOCATIVE
Voc"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. vocativus, fr. vocare to call.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to calling; used in calling; specifically
(Gram.), used in address; appellative; -- said of that case or form
of the noun, pronoun, or adjective, in which a person or thing is
addressed; as, Domine, O Lord.

VOCATIVE
Voc"a*tive, n. Etym: [L. vocativus (sc. casus): cf. F. vocatif.]
(Gram.)

Defn: The vocative case.

VOCIFERANCE
Vo*cif"er*ance, n.

Defn: Vociferation; noise; clamor. [R.] R. Browning.

VOCIFERANT
Vo*cif"er*ant, a. Etym: [L. vociferans, p. pr.]

Defn: Noisy; clamorous. Gauden. R. Browning.

VOCIFERATE
Vo*cif"er*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. vociferatus, p. p. vociferari to
vociferate; vox, vocis, voice + ferre to bear. See Voice, and Bear to
carry.]

Defn: To cry out with vehemence; to exclaim; to bawl; to clamor.
Cowper.

VOCIFERATE
Vo*cif"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vociferated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vociferating.]

Defn: To utter with a loud voice; to shout out.
Though he may vociferate the word liberty. V. Knox.

VOCIFERATION
Vo*cif`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. vociferatio: cf. F. vocifération.]

Defn: The act of vociferating; violent outcry; vehement utterance of
the voice.
Violent gesture and vociferation naturally shake the hearts of the
ignorant. Spectator.
Plaintive strains succeeding the vociferations of emotion or of pain.
Byron.

VOCIFERATOR
Vo*cif"er*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who vociferates, or is clamorous. [R.]

VOCIFEROUS
Vo*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vocifère.]

Defn: Making a loud outcry; clamorous; noisy; as, vociferous heralds.
 -- Vo*cif"er*ous*ly, adv.
 -- Vo*cif"er*ous*ness, n.

VOCULE
Voc"ule, n. Etym: [L. vocula, dim. of vox, vocis, voice.] (Phon.)

Defn: A short or weak utterance; a faint or feeble sound, as that
heard on separating the lips in pronouncing p or b. Rush.
 -- Voc"u*lar, a.

VODANIUM
Vo*da"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: A supposed element, afterward found to be a mixture of several
metals, as copper, iron, lead, nickel, etc.

VODKA
Vod"ka, n. Etym: [Russ.]

Defn: A Russian drink distilled from rye.

VOE
Voe, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel ver sea, vöar a fenced-in landing place.]

Defn: An inlet, bay, or creek; -- so called in the Orkney and
Shetland Islands. Jamieson.

VOGLE
Vo"gle, n. (Mining)

Defn: Same as Vugg.

VOGUE
Vogue, n. Etym: [F. vogue a rowing, vogue, fashion, It. voga, fr.
vogare to row, to sail; probably fr. OHG. wag to move, akin to E.
way. Cf. Way.]

1. The way or fashion of people at any particular time; temporary
mode, custom, or practice; popular reception for the time; -- used
now generally in the phrase in vogue.
One vogue, one vein, One air of thoughts usurps my brain. Herbert.
Whatsoever its vogue may be, I still flatter myself that the parents
of the growing generation will be satisfied with what Burke.
Use may revive the obsoletest words, And banish those that now are
most in vogue. Roscommon.

2. Influence; power; sway. [Obs.] Strype.

VOICE
Voice, n. Etym: [OE. vois, voys, OF. vois, voiz, F. voix, L. vox,
vocis, akin to Gr. vac to say, to speak, G. erwähnen to mention. Cf.
Advocate, Advowson, Avouch, Convoke, Epic, Vocal, Vouch, Vowel.]

1. Sound uttered by the mouth, especially that uttered by human
beings in speech or song; sound thus uttered considered as possessing
some special quality or character; as, the human voice; a pleasant
voice; a low voice.
He with a manly voice saith his message. Chaucer.
Her voice was ever soft, Gentle, and low; an excellent thing in
woman. Shak.
Thy voice is music. Shak.
Join thy voice unto the angel choir. Milton.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: Sound of the kind or quality heard in speech or song in the
consonants b, v, d, etc., and in the vowels; sonant, or intonated,
utterance; tone; -- distinguished from mere breath sound as heard in
f, s, sh, etc., and also whisper.

Note: Voice, in this sense, is produced by vibration of the so-called
vocal cords in the larynx (see Illust. of Larynx) which act upon the
air, not in the manner of the strings of a stringed instrument, but
as a pair of membranous tongues, or reeds, which, being continually
forced apart by the outgoing current of breath, and continually
brought together again by their own elasticity and muscular tension,
break the breath current into a series of puffs, or pulses,
sufficiently rapid to cause the sensation of tone. The power, or
loudness, of such a tone depends on the force of the separate pulses,
and this is determined by the pressure of the expired air, together
with the resistance on the part of the vocal cords which is
continually overcome. Its pitch depends on the number of aërial
pulses within a given time, that is, on the rapidity of their
succession. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 5, 146, 155.

3. The tone or sound emitted by anything.
After the fire a still small voice. 1 Kings xix. 12.
Canst thou thunder with a voice like him Job xl. 9.
The floods have lifted up their voice. Ps. xciii. 3.
O Marcus, I am warm'd; my heart Leaps at the trumpet's voice.
Addison.

4. The faculty or power of utterance; as, to cultivate the voice.

5. Language; words; speech; expression; signification of feeling or
opinion.
I desire to be present with you now, and to change my voice; for I
stand in doubt of you. Gal. iv. 20.
My voice is in my sword. Shak.
Let us call on God in the voice of his church. Bp. Fell.

6. Opinion or choice expressed; judgment; a vote.
Sic. How now, my masters! have you chose this man 1 Cit. He has our
voices, sir. Shak.
Some laws ordain, and some attend the choice Of holy senates, and
elect by voice. Dryden.

7. Command; precept; -- now chiefly used in scriptural language.
So shall ye perish; because ye would not be obedient unto the voice
of the Lord your God. Deut. viii. 20.

8. One who speaks; a speaker. "A potent voice of Parliament."
Tennyson.

9. (Gram.)

Defn: A particular mode of inflecting or conjugating verbs, or a
particular form of a verb, by means of which is indicated the
relation of the subject of the verb to the action which the verb
expresses. Active voice (Gram.), that form of the verb by which its
subject is represented as the agent or doer of the action expressed
by it.
 -- Chest voice (Phon.), a kind of voice of a medium or low pitch and
of a sonorous quality ascribed to resonance in the chest, or thorax;
voice of the thick register. It is produced by vibration of the vocal
cords through their entire width and thickness, and with convex
surfaces presented to each other.
 -- Head voice (Phon.), a kind of voice of high pitch and of a thin
quality ascribed to resonance in the head; voice of the thin
register; falsetto. In producing it, the vibration of the cords is
limited to their thin edges in the upper part, which are then
presented to each other.
 -- Middle voice (Gram.), that form of the verb by which its subject
is represented as both the agent, or doer, and the object of the
action, that is, as performing some act to or upon himself, or for
his own advantage.
 -- Passive voice. (Gram.) See under Passive, a.
 -- Voice glide (Pron.), the brief and obscure neutral vowel sound
that sometimes occurs between two consonants in an unaccented
syllable (represented by the apostrophe), as in able (a"b'l). See
Glide, n., 2.
 -- Voice stop. See Voiced stop, under Voiced, a.
 -- With one voice, unanimously. "All with one voice . . . cried out,
Great is Diana of the Ephesians." Acts xix. 34.

VOICE
Voice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Voiced; p. pr. & vb. n. Voicing.]

1. To give utterance or expression to; to utter; to publish; to
announce; to divulge; as, to voice the sentiments of the nation.
"Rather assume thy right in silence and . . . then voice it with
claims and challenges." Bacon.
It was voiced that the king purposed to put to death Edward
Plantagenet. Bacon.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: To utter with sonant or vocal tone; to pronounce with a
narrowed glottis and rapid vibrations of the vocal cords; to speak
above a whisper.

3. To fit for producing the proper sounds; to regulate the tone of;
as, to voice the pipes of an organ.

4. To vote; to elect; to appoint. [Obs.] Shak.

VOICE
Voice, v. i.

Defn: To clamor; to cry out. [Obs.] South.

VOICED
Voiced, a.

1. Furnished with a voice; expressed by the voice.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: Uttered with voice; pronounced with vibrations of the vocal
cords; sonant; -- said of a sound uttered with the glottis narrowed.
Voiced stop, Voice stop (Phon.), a stopped consonant made with tone
from the larynx while the mouth organs are closed at some point; a
sonant mute, as b, d, g hard.

VOICEFUL
Voice"ful, a.

Defn: Having a voice or vocal quality; having a loud voice or many
voices; vocal; sounding.
Beheld the Iliad and the Odyssey Rise to the swelling of the voiceful
sea. Coleridge.

VOICELESS
Voice"less, a.

1. Having no voice, utterance, or vote; silent; mute; dumb.
I live and die unheard, With a most voiceless thought, sheathing it
as a sword. Byron.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: Not sounded with voice; as, a voiceless consonant; surd.
Voiceless stop (Phon.), a consonant made with no audible sound except
in the transition to or from another sound; a surd mute, as p, t, k.
 -- Voice"less*ly, adv.
 -- Voice"less*ness, n.

VOID
Void, a. Etym: [OE. voide, OF. voit, voide, vuit, vuide, F. vide, fr.
(assumed) LL. vocitus, fr. L. vocare, an old form of vacare to be
empty, or a kindred word. Cf. Vacant, Avoid.]

1. Containing nothing; empty; vacant; not occupied; not filled.
The earth was without form, and void. Gen. i. 2.
I 'll get me to a place more void. Shak.
I 'll chain him in my study, that, at void hours, I may run over the
story of his country. Massinger.

2. Having no incumbent; unoccupied; -- said of offices and the like.
Divers great offices that had been long void. Camden.

3. Being without; destitute; free; wanting; devoid; as, void of
learning, or of common use. Milton.
A conscience void of offense toward God. Acts xxiv. 16.
He that is void of wisdom despiseth his neighbor. Prov. xi. 12.

4. Not producing any effect; ineffectual; vain.
[My word] shall not return to me void, but it shall accomplish that
which I please. Isa. lv. 11.
I will make void the counsel of Judah. Jer. xix. 7.

5. Containing no immaterial quality; destitute of mind or soul.
"Idol, void and vain." Pope.

6. (Law)

Defn: Of no legal force or effect, incapable of confirmation or
ratification; null. Cf. Voidable, 2. Void space (Physics), a vacuum.

Syn.
 -- Empty; vacant; devoid; wanting; unfurnished; unsupplied;
unoccupied.

VOID
Void, n.

Defn: An empty space; a vacuum.
Pride, where wit fails, steps in to our defense, And fills up all the
mighty void of sense. Pope.

VOID
Void, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Voided; p. pr. & vb. n. Voiding.] Etym:
[OF. voidier, vuidier. See Void, a.]

1. To remove the contents of; to make or leave vacant or empty; to
quit; to leave; as, to void a table.
Void anon her place. Chaucer.
If they will fight with us, bid them come down, Or void the field.
Shak.

2. To throw or send out; to evacuate; to emit; to discharge; as, to
void excrements.
A watchful application of mind in voiding prejudices. Barrow.
With shovel, like a fury, voided out The earth and scattered bones.
J. Webster.

3. To render void; to make to be of no validity or effect; to vacate;
to annul; to nullify.
After they had voided the obligation of the oath he had taken. Bp.
Burnet.
It was become a practice . . . to void the security that was at any
time given for money so borrowed. Clarendon.

VOID
Void, v. i.

Defn: To be emitted or evacuated. Wiseman.

VOIDABLE
Void"a*ble, a.

1. Capable of being voided, or evacuated.

2. (Law)

Defn: Capable of being avoided, or of being adjudged void, invalid,
and of no force; capable of being either avoided or confirmed.
If the metropolitan . . . grants letters of administration, such
administration is not, but voidable by sentence. Ayliffe.

Note: A voidable contract may be ratified and confirmed; to render it
null and of no effect, it must be avoided; a void contract can not be
ratified.

VOIDANCE
Void"ance, n.

1. The act of voiding, emptying, ejecting, or evacuating.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A ejection from a benefice.

3. The state of being void; vacancy, as of a benefice which is
without an incumbent.

4. Evasion; subterfuge. [Obs.] Bacon.

VOIDED
Void"ed, a.

1. Emptied; evacuated.

2. Annulled; invalidated.

3. (Her.)

Defn: Having the inner part cut away, or left vacant, a narrow border
being left at the sides, the tincture of the field being seen in the
vacant space; -- said of a charge.

VOIDER
Void"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, voids,

2. A tray, or basket, formerly used to receive or convey that which
is voided or cleared away from a given place; especially, one for
carrying off the remains of a meal, as fragments of food; sometimes,
a basket for containing household articles, as clothes, etc.
Piers Plowman laid the cloth, and Simplicity brought in the voider.
Decker.
The cloth whereon the earl dined was taken away, and the voider,
wherein the plate was usually put, was set upon the cupboard's head.
Hist. of Richard Hainam.

3. A servant whose business is to void, or clear away, a table after
a meal. [R.] Decker.

4. (Her.)

Defn: One of the ordinaries, much like the flanch, but less rounded
and therefore smaller.

VOIDING
Void"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, v Bp. Hall.

2. That which is voided; that which is ejected or evacuated; a
remnant; a fragment. [R.] Rowe. Voiding knife, a knife used for
gathering up fragments of food to put them into a voider.

VOIDING
Void"ing, a.

Defn: Receiving what is ejected or voided. "How in our voiding lobby
hast thou stood" Shak.

VOIDNESS
Void"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being void;

VOIR DIRE
Voir dire. Etym: [OF., to say the truth, fr. L. verus true + dicere
to say.] (Law)

Defn: An oath administered to a witness, usually before being sworn
in chief, requiring him to speak the truth, or make true answers in
reference to matters inquired of, to ascertain his competency to give
evidence. Greenleaf. Ld. Abinger.

VOITURE
Voi"ture, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. vectura a carrying, conveying. Cf.
Vettura.]

Defn: A carriage. Arbuthnot.

VOIVODE
Voi"vode, n.

Defn: See Waywode. Longfellow.

VOLACIOUS
Vo*la"cious, a. Etym: [L. volare to fly.]

Defn: Apt or fit to fly. [R.]

VOLADOR
Vo*la*dor", n. Etym: [Sp.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A flying fish of California (Exocoetus Californicus): -- called
also volator.
(b) The Atlantic flying gurnard. See under Flying.

VOLAGE
Vo*lage", a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Light; giddy. [Obs.]
They wroughten all their lust volage. Chaucer.

VOLANT
Vo"lant, a. Etym: [L. volans, -antis, p. pr. of volare to fly: cf. F.
volant.]

1. Passing through the air upon wings, or as if upon wings; flying;
hence, passing from place to place; current.
English silver now was current, and our gold volant in the pope's
court. Fuller.

2. Nimble; light and quick; active; rapid. "His volant touch."
Milton.

3. (Her.)

Defn: Represented as flying, or having the wings spread; as, an eagle
volant. Volant piece (Anc. Armor), an adjustable piece of armor, for
guarding the throat, etc., in a joust.

VOLANTE
Vo*lan"te, n. Etym: [Sp., prop., flying.]

Defn: A cumbrous two-wheeled pleasure carriage used in Cuba.

VOLAPUK; VOLAPUEK
Vol`a*pük", n

Defn: Literally, world's speech; the name of an artificial language
invented by Johan Martin Schleyer, of Constance, Switzerland, about
1879.

VOLAPUKIST; VOLAPUEKIST
Vol`a*pük"ist, n.

Defn: One who is conversant with, or who favors adoption of, Volapük.

VOLAR
Vo"lar, a. Etym: [L. vola the palm of the hand, the sole of the
foot.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the palm of the hand or the sole of the
foot.

VOLARY
Vol"a*ry, n.

Defn: See Volery. [Obs.]

VOLATILE
Vol"a*tile, a. Etym: [F. volatil, L. volatilis, fr. volare to fly,
perhaps akin to velox swift, E. velocity. Cf. Volley.]

1. Passing through the air on wings, or by the buoyant force of the
atmosphere; flying; having the power to fly. [Obs.]

2. Capable of wasting away, or of easily passing into the aëriform
state; subject to evaporation.

Note: Substances which affect the smell with pungent or fragrant
odors, as musk, hartshorn, and essential oils, are called volatile
substances, because they waste away on exposure to the atmosphere.
Alcohol and ether are called volatile liquids for a similar reason,
and because they easily pass into the state of vapor on the
application of heat. On the contrary, gold is a fixed substance,
because it does not suffer waste, even when exposed to the heat of a
furnace; and oils are called fixed when they do not evaporate on
simple exposure to the atmosphere.

3. Fig.: Light-hearted; easily affected by circumstances; airy;
lively; hence, changeable; fickle; as, a volatile temper.
You are as giddy and volatile as ever. Swift.
Volatile alkali. (Old Chem.) See under Alkali.
 -- Volatile liniment, a liniment composed of sweet oil and ammonia,
so called from the readiness with which the latter evaporates.
 -- Volatile oils. (Chem.) See Essential oils, under Essential.

VOLATILE
Vol"a*tile, n. Etym: [Cf. F. volatile.]

Defn: A winged animal; wild fowl; game. [Obs.] Chaucer. Sir T.
Browne.

VOLATILENESS; VOLATILITY
Vol"a*tile*ness, Vol`a*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. volatilité.]

Defn: Quality or state of being volatile; disposition to evaporate;
changeableness; fickleness.

Syn.
 -- See Levity.

VOLATILIZABLE
Vol"a*til*i`za*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. volatisable.]

Defn: Capable of being volatilized.

VOLATILIZATION
Vol`a*til*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. volatilisation.]

Defn: The act or process of volatilizing, or rendering volatile; the
state of being volatilized.

VOLATILIZE
Vol"a*til*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Volatilized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Volatilizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. volatiliser.]

Defn: To render volatile; to cause to exhale or evaporate; to cause
to pass off in vapor.
The water . . . dissolving the oil, and volatilizing it by the
action. Sir I. Newton.

VOLATOR
Vo*la"tor, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Volador, 1.

VOL-AU-VENT
Vol`-au`-vent", n. Etym: [F.] (Cookery)

Defn: A light puff paste, with a raised border, filled, after baking,
usually with a ragout of fowl, game, or fish.

VOLBORTHITE
Vol"borth*ite, n. Etym: [So named after Volborth, who first
discovered it.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in small six-sided tabular crystals of a
green or yellow color. It is a hydrous vanadate of copper and lime.

VOLCANIAN
Vol*ca"ni*an, a.

Defn: Volcanic. [R.] Keats.

VOLCANIC
Vol*can"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. volcanique, It. vulcanico.]

1. Of or pertaining to a volcano or volcanoes; as, volcanic heat.

2. Produced by a volcano, or, more generally, by igneous agencies;
as, volcanic tufa.

3. Changed or affected by the heat of a volcano. Volcanic bomb, a
mass ejected from a volcano, often of molten lava having a rounded
form.
 -- Volcanic cone, a hill, conical in form, built up of cinders,
tufa, or lava, during volcanic eruptions.
 -- Volcanic foci, the subterranean centers of volcanic action; the
points beneath volcanoes where the causes producing volcanic
phenomena are most active.
 -- Volcanic glass, the vitreous form of lava, produced by sudden
cooling; obsidian. See Obsidian.
 -- Volcanic mud, fetid, sulphurous mud discharged by a volcano.
 -- Volcanic rocks, rocks which have been produced from the
discharges of volcanic matter, as the various kinds of basalt,
trachyte, scoria, obsidian, etc., whether compact, scoriaceous, or
vitreous.

VOLCANICALLY
Vol*can"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Like a volcano.

VOLCANICITY
Vol`can*ic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. volcanicité.]

Defn: Quality or state of being volcanic; volcanic power.

VOLCANIC NECK
Vol*can"ic neck. (Geol.)

Defn: A column of igneous rock formed by congelation of lava in the
conduit of a volcano and later exposed by the removal of surrounding
rocks.

VOLCANIC WIND
Volcanic wind. (Meteorol.)

Defn: A wind associated with a volcanic outburst and due to the
eruption or to convection currents over hot lava.

VOLCANISM
Vol"can*ism, n.

Defn: Volcanic power or action; volcanicity.

VOLCANIST
Vol"can*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. volcaniste, vulcaniste.]

1. One versed in the history and phenomena of volcanoes.

2. One who believes in the igneous, as opposed to the aqueous, origin
of the rocks of the earth's crust; a vulcanist. Cf. Neptunist.

VOLCANITY
Vol*can"i*ty, n. Etym: [See Volcanic, and Volcanicity.]

Defn: The quality or state of being volcanic, or volcanic origin;
volcanicity. [R.]

VOLCANIZATION
Vol`can*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of volcanizing, or the state of being volcanized; the
process of undergoing volcanic heat, and being affected by it.

VOLCANIZE
Vol"can*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Volcanized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Volcanizing.] Etym: [Cf. Vulcanize.]

Defn: To subject to, or cause to undergo, volcanic heat, and to be
affected by its action.

VOLCANO
Vol*ca"no, n.; pl. Volcanoes. Etym: [It. volcano, vulcano, fr. L.
Vulcanus Vulkan, the god of fire. See Vulkan.] (Geol.)

Defn: A mountain or hill, usually more or less conical in form, from
which lava, cinders, steam, sulphur gases, and the like, are ejected;
-- often popularly called a burning mountain.

Note: Volcanoes include many of the most conspicuous and lofty
mountains of the earth, as Mt. Vesuvius in Italy (4,000 ft. high),
Mt. Loa in Hawaii (14,000 ft.), Cotopaxi in South America (nearly
20,000 ft.), which are examples of active volcanoes. The crater of a
volcano is usually a pit-shaped cavity, often of great size. The
summit crater of Mt. Loa has a maximum length of 13,000 ft., and a
depth of nearly 800 feet. Beside the chief crater, a volcano may have
a number of subordinate craters.

VOLE
Vole, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A deal at cards that draws all the tricks. Swift.

VOLE
Vole, v. i. (Card Playing)

Defn: To win all the tricks by a vole. Pope.

VOLE
Vole, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of micelike rodents belonging to
Arvicola and allied genera of the subfamily Arvicolinæ. They have a
thick head, short ears, and a short hairy tail.

Note: The water vole, or water rat, of Europe (Arvicola amphibius) is
a common large aquatic species. The short-tailed field vole (A.
agrestis) of Northern and Central Europe, and Asia, the Southern
field vole (A. arvalis), and the Siberian root vole (A. oeconomus),
are important European species. The common species of the Eastern
United States (A. riparius) (called also meadow mouse) and the
prairie mouse (A. austerus) are abundant, and often injurious to
vegetation. Other species are found in Canada.

VOLERY
Vol"er*y, n. Etym: [F. volerie a flying, volière a large bird cage,
fr. voler to fly, L. volare. See Volatile.]

1. A flight of birds. [R.] Locke.

2. A large bird cage; an aviary.

VOLGE
Volge, n. Etym: [L. vulgus.]

Defn: The common sort of people; the crowd; the mob. [Obs.] Fuller.

VOLITABLE
Vol"i*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Volatilizable. [Obs.]

VOLITATION
Vol`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. volitare, volitatum, to fly to and fro,
v. freq. from volare to fly.]

Defn: The act of flying; flight. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

VOLITIENT
Vo*li"tient, a. Etym: [See Volition.]

Defn: Exercising the will; acting from choice; willing, or having
power to will. "What I do, I do volitient, not obedient." Mrs.
Browning.

VOLITION
Vo*li"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. volo I will, velle to will, be
willing. See Voluntary.]

1. The act of willing or choosing; the act of forming a purpose; the
exercise of the will.
Volition is the actual exercise of the power the mind has to order
the consideration of any idea, or the forbearing to consider it.
Locke.
Volition is an act of the mind, knowingly exerting that dominion it
takes itself to have over any part of the man, by employing it in, or
withholding it from, any particular action. Locke.

2. The result of an act or exercise of choosing or willing; a state
of choice.

3. The power of willing or determining; will.

Syn.
 -- Will; choice; preference; determination; purpose.
 -- Volition, Choice. Choice is the familiar, and volition the
scientific, term for the same state of the will; viz., an "elective
preference." When we have "made up our minds" (as we say) to a thing,
i. e., have a settled state of choice respecting it, that state is
called an immanent volition; when we put forth any particular act of
choice, that act is called an emanent, or executive, or imperative,
volition. When an immanent, or settled state of, choice, is one which
controls or governs a series of actions, we call that state a
predominant volition; while we give the name of subordinate volitions
to those particular acts of choice which carry into effect the object
sought for by the governing or "predominant volition." See Will.

VOLITIONAL
Vo*li"tion*al, a.

Defn: Belonging or relating to volition. "The volitional impulse."
Bacon.

VOLITIVE
Vol"i*tive, a. Etym: [See Volition.]

1. Of or pertaining to the will; originating in the will; having the
power to will. "They not only perfect the intellectual faculty, but
the volitive." Sir M. Hale.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Used in expressing a wish or permission as, volitive
proposition.

VOLKSLIED
Volks"lied, n.; pl. Volkslieder Etym: [G.] (Mus.)

Defn: A popular song, or national air.

VOLKSRAAD
Volks"raad`, n. [D.]

Defn: A legislative assembly or parliament of any one of several
countries colonized by the Dutch, esp. that of the South African
Republic, or the Transvaal, and that of the Orange Free State.

VOLLEY
Vol"ley, n.; pl. Volleys. Etym: [F. volée; flight, a volley, or
discharge of several guns, fr. voler to fly, L. volare. See
Volatile.]

1. A flight of missiles, as arrows, bullets, or the like; the
simultaneous discharge of a number of small arms.
Fiery darts in flaming volleys flew. Milton.
Each volley tells that thousands cease to breathe. Byron.

2. A burst or emission of many things at once; as, a volley of words.
"This volley of oaths." B. Jonson.
Rattling nonsense in full volleys breaks. Pope.

3.
(a) (Tennis) A return of the ball before it touches the ground.
(b) (Cricket) A sending of the ball full to the top of the wicket.

Half volley. (a) (Tennis) A return of the ball immediately after is
has touched the ground. (b) (Cricket) A sending of the ball so that
after touching the ground it flies towards the top of the wicket. R.
A. Proctor.
 -- On the volley, at random. [Obs.] "What we spake on the volley
begins work." Massinger.
 -- Volley gun, a gun with several barrels for firing a number of
shots simultaneously; a kind of mitrailleuse.

VOLLEY
Vol"ley, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Volleyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Volleying.]

Defn: To discharge with, or as with, a volley.

VOLLEY
Vol"ley, v. i.

1. To be thrown out, or discharged, at once; to be discharged in a
volley, or as if in a volley; to make a volley or volleys. Tennyson.

2.
(a) (Tennis) To return the ball before it touches the ground.
(b) (Cricket) To send the ball full to the top of the wicket. R. A.
Proctor.

VOLLEY BALL
Vol"ley ball.

Defn: A game played by volleying a large inflated ball with the hands
over a net 7 ft. 6 in. high.

VOLLEYED
Vol"leyed, a.

Defn: Discharged with a sudden burst, or as if in a volley; as,
volleyed thunder.

VOLOST
Vo"lost, n. [Russ. volost'.]

Defn: In the greater part of Russia, a division for local government
consisting of a group of mirs, or village communities; a canton.

VOLOW
Vol"ow, v. t. Etym: [From the answer, Volo I will, in the baptismal
service. Richardson (Dict.).]

Defn: To baptize; -- used in contempt by the Reformers. [Obs.]
Tyndale.

VOLPLANE
Vol"plane`, v. i. [F. vol plané act of volplaning; vol flight +
plané, p.p.; cf. planer to hover.] (Aëronautics)

Defn: To glide in a flying machine.

VOLT
Volt, n. Etym: [F. volte; cf. It. volta. See Vault.]

1. (Man.)

Defn: A circular tread; a gait by which a horse going sideways round
a center makes two concentric tracks.

2. (Fencing)

Defn: A sudden movement to avoid a thrust.

VOLT
Volt, n. Etym: [After Alessandro Volta, the Italian electrician.]
(Elec.)

Defn: The unit of electro-motive force; -- defined by the
International Electrical Congress in 1893 and by United States
Statute as, that electro-motive force which steadily applied to a
conductor whose resistance is one ohm will produce a current of one
ampère. It is practically equivalent to

VOLTA
Vol"ta, n.; pl. Volte. Etym: [It. volta a turn, turning, a time. See
Volt a tread.] (Mus.)

Defn: A turning; a time; -- chiefly used in phrases signifying that
the part is to be repeated one, two, or more times; as, una volta,
once. Seconda volta, second time, points to certain modifications in
the close of a repeated strain.

VOLTA-ELECTRIC
Vol"ta-e*lec"tric, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to voltaic electricity, or voltaism.

VOLTA-ELECTROMETER
Vol`ta-e`lec*trom"e*ter, n.

Defn: An instrument for the exact measurement of electric currents.

VOLTAGE
Vol"tage, n. (Elec.)

Defn: Electric potential or potential difference, expressed in volts.

VOLTAGRAPHY
Vol*tag"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Voltaic + -graphy.]

Defn: In electrotypy, the act or art of copying, in metals deposited
by electrolytic action, a form or pattern which is made the negative
electrode. [R.]

VOLTAIC
Vol*ta"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. voltaïque, It. voltaico.]

1. Of or pertaining to Alessandro Volta, who first devised apparatus
for developing electric currents by chemical action, and established
this branch of electric science; discovered by Volta; as, voltaic
electricity.

2. Of or pertaining to voltaism, or voltaic electricity; as, voltaic
induction; the voltaic arc.

Note: See the Note under Galvanism. Voltaic arc, a luminous arc, of
intense brilliancy, formed between carbon points as electrodes by the
passage of a powerful voltaic current.
 -- Voltaic battery, an apparatus variously constructed, consisting
of a series of plates or pieces of dissimilar metals, as copper and
zinc, arranged in pairs, and subjected to the action of a saline or
acid solution, by which a current of electricity is generated
whenever the two poles, or ends of the series, are connected by a
conductor; a galvanic battery. See Battery, 4. (b), and Note.
 -- Voltaic circuit. See under Circuit.
 -- Voltaic couple or element, a single pair of the connected plates
of a battery.
 -- Voltaic electricity. See the Note under Electricity.
 -- Voltaic pile, a kind of voltaic battery consisting of alternate
disks of dissimilar metals, separated by moistened cloth or paper.
See 5th Pile.
 -- Voltaic protection of metals, the protection of a metal exposed
to the corrosive action of sea water, saline or acid liquids, or the
like, by associating it with a metal which is positive to it, as when
iron is galvanized, or coated with zinc.

VOLTAIREAN
Vol*tair"e*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. voltairien.]

Defn: Of or relating to Voltaire, the French author. J. Morley.

VOLTAIRISM
Vol*tair"ism, n.

Defn: The theories or practice of Voltaire. J. Morley.

VOLTAISM
Vol"ta*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. voltaïsme.] (Physics)

Defn: That form of electricity which is developed by the chemical
action between metals and different liquids; voltaic electricity;
also, the science which treats of this form of electricity; -- called
also galvanism, from Galvani, on account of his experiments showing
the remarkable influence of this agent on animals.

VOLTAMETER
Vol*tam"e*ter, n. Etym: [Voltaic + -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the voltaic electricity passing
through it, by its effect in decomposing water or some other chemical
compound acting as an electrolyte.

VOLTAMMETER
Volt*am"me`ter, n.

Defn: A wattmeter.

VOLT AMPERE
Volt ampère. (Elec.)

Defn: A unit of electric measurement equal to the product of a volt
and an ampere. For direct current it is a measure of power and is the
same as a watt; for alternating current it is a measure of apparent
power.

VOLTAPLAST
Vol"ta*plast, n. Etym: [Voltaic + Gr.

Defn: A form of voltaic, or galvanic, battery suitable for use
electrotyping. G. Francis.

VOLTATYPE
Vol"ta*type, n. Etym: [Voltaic + type.]

Defn: An electrotype. [R.]

VOLTI
Vol"ti, imperative. Etym: [It., fr. voltare to turn. See Volt a
tread.] (Mus.)

Defn: Turn, that is, turn over the leaf. Volti subito Etym: [It.]
(Mus.), turn over quickly.

VOLTIGEUR
Vol`ti*geur, n. Etym: [F., fr. voltiger to vault, It. volteggiare.
See Volt a tread.]

1. A tumbler; a leaper or vaulter.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: One of a picked company of irregular riflemen in each regiment
of the French infantry.

VOLTMETER
Volt"me`ter, n. Etym: [2d volt + -meter.] (elec.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring in volts the differences of
potential between different points of an electrical circuit.

VOLTZITE
Voltz"ite, n. Etym: [So named in honor of Voltz, a French engineer.]
(Min.)

Defn: An oxysulphide of lead occurring in implanted spherical
globules of a yellowish or brownish color; -- called also voltzine.

VOLUBILATE; VOLUBILE
Vo*lu"bi*late, Vol"u*bile}, a. Etym: [See Voluble.]

Defn: Turning, or whirling; winding; twining; voluble.

VOLUBILITY
Vol`u*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. volubilitas: cf. F. volubilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being voluble (in any of the senses of
the adjective).

VOLUBLE
Vol"u*ble, a. Etym: [L. volubilis, fr. volvere, volutum, to roll, to
turn round; akin to Gr. welle a wave: cf. F. voluble. Cf. F. Well of
water, Convolvulus, Devolve, Involve, Revolt, Vault an arch, Volume,
Volute.]

1. Easily rolling or turning; easily set in motion; apt to roll;
rotating; as, voluble particles of matter.

2. Moving with ease and smoothness in uttering words; of rapid
speech; nimble in speaking; glib; as, a flippant, voluble, tongue.
[Cassio,] a knave very voluble. Shak.

Note: Voluble was used formerly to indicate readiness of speech
merely, without any derogatory suggestion. "A grave and voluble
eloquence." Bp. Hacket.

3. Changeable; unstable; fickle. [Obs.]

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the power or habit of turning or twining; as, the
voluble stem of hop plants. Voluble stem (Bot.), a stem that climbs
by winding, or twining, round another body.
 -- Vol"u*ble*ness, n.
 -- Vol"u*bly, adv.

VOLUME
Vol"ume, n. Etym: [F., from L. volumen a roll of writing, a book,
volume, from volvere, volutum, to roll. See Voluble.]

1. A roll; a scroll; a written document rolled up for keeping or for
use, after the manner of the ancients. [Obs.]
The papyrus, and afterward the parchment, was joined together [by the
ancients] to form one sheet, and then rolled upon a staff into a
volume (volumen). Encyc. Brit.

2. Hence, a collection of printed sheets bound together, whether
containing a single work, or a part of a work, or more than one work;
a book; a tome; especially, that part of an extended work which is
bound up together in one cover; as, a work in four volumes.
An odd volume of a set of books bears not the value of its proportion
to the set. Franklin.

4. Anything of a rounded or swelling form resembling a roll; a turn;
a convolution; a coil.
So glides some trodden serpent on the grass, And long behind wounded
volume trails. Dryden.
Undulating billows rolling their silver volumes. W. Irving.

4. Dimensions; compass; space occupied, as measured by cubic units,
that is, cubic inches, feet, yards, etc.; mass; bulk; as, the volume
of an elephant's body; a volume of gas.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: Amount, fullness, quantity, or caliber of voice or tone. Atomic
volume, Molecular volume (Chem.), the ratio of the atomic and
molecular weights divided respectively by the specific gravity of the
substance in question.
 -- Specific volume (Physics & Chem.), the quotient obtained by
dividing unity by the specific gravity; the reciprocal of the
specific gravity. It is equal (when the specific gravity is referred
to water at 4º C. as a standard) to the number of cubic centimeters
occupied by one gram of the substance.

VOLUMED
Vol"umed, a.

1. Having the form of a volume, or roil; as, volumed mist.
The distant torrent's rushing sound Tells where the volumed cataract
doth roll. Byron.

2. Having volume, or bulk; massive; great.

VOLUMENOMETER
Vol`u*me*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. volumen volume + -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the volume of a body, especially a
solid, by means of the difference in tension caused by its presence
and absence in a confined portion of air.

VOLUMENOMETRY
Vol`u*me*nom"e*try, n. (Chem. & Physics)

Defn: The method or process of measuring volumes by means of the
volumenometer.

VOLUMESCOPE
Vol*u"me*scope, n. Etym: [Volume + -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument consisting essentially of a glass tube provided
with a graduated scale, for exhibiting to the eye the changes of
volume of a gas or gaseous mixture resulting from chemical action,
and the like.

VOLUMESCOPE
Vo*lu"me*scope, n.  [Volume + -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument consisting essentially of a glass tube provided
with a graduated scale, for exhibiting to the eye the changes of
volume of a gas or gaseous mixture resulting from chemical action,
etc.

VOLUMETER
Vol*u"me*ter, n. Etym: [Cf. F. volumètre. See Volumetric.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the volumes of gases or liquids by
introducing them into a vessel of known capacity.

VOLUMETRIC
Vol`u*met"ric, a. Etym: [Volume + -metric.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the measurement of volume. Volumetric
analysis (Chem.), that system of the quantitative analysis of
solutions which employs definite volumes of standardized solutions of
reagents, as measured by burettes, pipettes, etc.; also, the analysis
of gases by volume, as by the eudiometer.

VOLUMETRICAL
Vol`u*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Volumetric.
 -- Vol`u*met"ric*al*ly, adv.

VOLUMINOUS
Vo*lu"mi*nous, a. Etym: [L. voluminosus: cf. F. volumineux.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to volume or volumes. Specifically: --
(a) Consisting of many folds, coils, or convolutions.
But ended foul in many a scaly fold, Voluminous and vast. Milton.
Over which dusky draperies are hanging, and voluminous curtains have
long since fallen. De Quincey.

(b) Of great volume, or bulk; large. B. Jonson. (c) Consisting of
many volumes or books; as, the collections of Muratori are
voluminous.
(d) Having written much, or produced many volumes; copious; diffuse;
as, a voluminous writer.
 -- Vo*lu"mi*nous*ly, adv.
 -- Vo*lu"mi*nous*ness, n.

VOLUMIST
Vol"u*mist, n.

Defn: One who writes a volume; an author. [Obs.] Milton.

VOLUNTARILY
Vol"un*ta*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a voluntary manner; of one's own will; spontaneously.

VOLUNTARINESS
Vol"un*ta*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being voluntary; spontaneousness;
specifically, the quality or state of being free in the exercise of
one's will.

VOLUNTARISM
Vol"un*ta*rism, n.

Defn: Any theory which conceives will to be the dominant factor in
experience or in the constitution of the world; -- contrasted with
intellectualism. Schopenhauer and Fichte are typical exponents of the
two types of metaphysical voluntarism, Schopenhauer teaching that the
evolution of the universe is the activity of a blind and irrational
will, Fichte holding that the intelligent activity of the ego is the
fundamental fact of reality.

VOLUNTARY
Vol"un*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. voluntarius, fr. voluntas will, choice,
from the root of velle to will, p. pr. volens; akin to E. will: cf.
F. volontaire, Of. also voluntaire. See Will, v. t., and cf.
Benevolent, Volition, Volunteer.]

1. Proceeding from the will; produced in or by an act of choice.
That sin or guilt pertains exclusively to voluntary action is the
true principle of orthodoxy. N. W. Taylor.

2. Unconstrained by the interference of another; unimpelled by the
influence of another; not prompted or persuaded by another; done of
his or its own accord; spontaneous; acting of one's self, or of
itself; free.
Our voluntary service he requires. Milton.
She fell to lust a voluntary prey. Pope.

3. Done by design or intention; intentional; purposed; intended; not
accidental; as, if a man kills another by lopping a tree, it is not
voluntary manslaughter.

4. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the will; subject to, or regulated by, the
will; as, the voluntary motions of an animal, such as the movements
of the leg or arm (in distinction from involuntary motions, such as
the movements of the heart); the voluntary muscle fibers, which are
the agents in voluntary motion.

5. Endowed with the power of willing; as, man is a voluntary agent.
God did not work as a necessary, but a voluntary, agent, intending
beforehand, and decreeing with himself, that which did outwardly
proceed from him. Hooker.

6. (Law)

Defn: Free; without compulsion; according to the will, consent, or
agreement, of a party; without consideration; gratuitous; without
valuable consideration.

7. (Eccl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to voluntaryism; as, a voluntary church, in
distinction from an established or state church. Voluntary affidavit
or oath (Law), an affidavit or oath made in extrajudicial matter.
 -- Voluntary conveyance (Law), a conveyance without valuable
consideration.
 -- Voluntary escape (Law), the escape of a prisoner by the express
consent of the sheriff.
 -- Voluntary jurisdiction. (Eng. Eccl. Law) See Contentious
jurisdiction, under Contentious.
 -- Voluntary waste. (Law) See Waste, n., 4.

Syn.
 -- See Spontaneous.

VOLUNTARY
Vol"un*ta*ry, n.; pl. Voluntaries (.

1. One who engages in any affair of his own free will; a volunteer.
[R.] Shak.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A piece played by a musician, often extemporarily, according to
his fancy; specifically, an organ solo played before, during, or
after divine service.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: One who advocates voluntaryism.

VOLUNTARYISM
Vol"un*ta*ry*ism, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: The principle of supporting a religious system and its
institutions by voluntary association and effort, rather than by the
aid or patronage of the state.

VOLUNTEER
Vol`un*teer", n. Etym: [F. volontaire. See Voluntary, a.]

1. One who enters into, or offers for, any service of his own free
will.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: One who enters into service voluntarily, but who, when in
service, is subject to discipline and regulations like other
soldiers; -- opposed to conscript; specifically, a voluntary member
of the organized militia of a country as distinguished from the
standing army.

3. (Law)

Defn: A grantee in a voluntary conveyance; one to whom a conveyance
is made without valuable consideration; a party, other than a wife or
child of the grantor, to whom, or for whose benefit, a voluntary
conveyance is made. Burrill.

VOLUNTEER
Vol`un*teer", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a volunteer or volunteers; consisting of
volunteers; voluntary; as, volunteer companies; volunteer advice.

VOLUNTEER
Vol`un*teer", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Volunteered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Volunteering.]

Defn: To offer or bestow voluntarily, or without solicitation or
compulsion; as, to volunteer one's services.

VOLUNTEER
Vol`un*teer", v. i.

Defn: To enter into, or offer for, any service of one's own free
will, without solicitation or compulsion; as, he volunteered in that
undertaking.

VOLUNTEER NAVY
Vol`un*teer" na"vy.

Defn: A navy of vessels fitted out and manned by volunteers who sail
under the flag of the regular navy and subject to naval discipline.
Prussia in 1870, in the Franco-German war, organized such a navy,
which was commanded by merchant seamen with temporary commissions,
with the claim (in which England acquiesced) that it did not come
within the meaning of the term privateer.

VOLUNTEERS OF AMERICA
Vol`un*teers" of America.

Defn: A religious and philanthropic organization, similar to the
Salvation Army, founded (1896) by Commander and Mrs. Ballington
Booth.

VOLUNTEER STATE
Volunteer State.

Defn: Tennessee; -- a nickname.

VOLUPERE
Vol"u*pere, n. Etym: [Cf. Envelop.]

Defn: A woman's cap. [Obs.] Chaucer.

VOLUPTUARY
Vo*lup"tu*a*ry, n.; pl. Voluptuaries. Etym: [L. voluptuarius or
voluptarius, fr. voluptas pleasure.]

Defn: A voluptuous person; one who makes his physical enjoyment his
chief care; one addicted to luxury, and the gratification of sensual
appetites.
A good-humored, but hard-hearted, voluptuary. Sir W. Scott.

Syn.
 -- Sensualist; epicure.

VOLUPTUARY
Vo*lup"tu*a*ry, a.

Defn: Voluptuous; luxurious.

VOLUPTUOUS
Vo*lup"tu*ous, a. Etym: [F. voluptueux, L. voluptuosus, fr. voluptas
pleasure, volup agreeably, delightfully; probably akin to Gr. velle
to wish. See Voluntary.]

1. Full of delight or pleasure, especially that of the senses;
ministering to sensuous or sensual gratification; exciting sensual
desires; luxurious; sensual.
Music arose with its voluptuous swell. Byron.
Sink back into your voluptuous repose. De Quincey.

2. Given to the enjoyments of luxury and pleasure; indulging to
excess in sensual gratifications. "The jolly and voluptuous livers."
Atterbury.
Softened with pleasure and voluptuous life. Milton.
-- Vo*lup"tu*ous*ly, adv.
 -- , n.

VOLUPTY
Vo*lup"ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. volupté pleasure. See Voluptuous.]

Defn: Voluptuousness. [Obs.]

VOLUTA
Vo*lu"ta, n.; pl. E. Volutas, L. Volutæ. Etym: [L., a spiral scroll.
See Volute.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of large, handsome marine
gastropods belonging to Voluta and allied genera.

VOLUTATION
Vol`u*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. volutatio, from volutare to roll, wallow,
verb freq. volvere, volutum, to roll.]

Defn: A rolling of a body; a wallowing. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

VOLUTE
Vo*lute", n. Etym: [F. volute (cf. It. voluta), L. voluta, from
volvere, volutum, to roll. See Voluble.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A spiral scroll which forms the chief feature of the Ionic
capital, and which, on a much smaller scale, is a feature in the
Corinthian and Composite capitals. See Illust. of Capital, also
Helix, and Stale.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spiral turn, as in certain shells.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any voluta. Volute spiring, a spring formed of a spiral scroll
of plate, rod, or wire, extended or extensible in the direction of
the axis of the coil, in which direction its elastic force is exerted
and employed.

VOLUTED
Vo*lut"ed, a.

Defn: Having a volute, or spiral scroll.

VOLUTION
Vo*lu"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. volutio an arch, vault.]

1. A spiral turn or wreath.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A whorl of a spiral shell.

VOLVA
Vol"va, n. Etym: [L. volva, vulva, covering.] (Bot.)

Defn: A saclike envelope of certain fungi, which bursts open as the
plant develops.

VOLVOX
Vol"vox, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of minute, pale-green, globular, organisms, about one
fiftieth of an inch in diameter, found rolling through water, the
motion being produced by minute colorless cilia. It has been
considered as belonging to the flagellate Infusoria, but is now
referred to the vegetable kingdom, and each globule is considered a
colony of many individuals. The commonest species is Volvox globator,
often called globe animalcule.

VOLVULUS
Vol"vu*lus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. volvere to turn about, to roll.]
(Med.)
(a) The spasmodic contraction of the intestines which causes colic.
(b) Any twisting or displacement of the intestines causing
obstruction; ileus. See Ileus.

VOLYER
Vol"yer, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lurcher. [Prov. Eng.]

VOMER
Vo"mer, n. Etym: [L., a plowshare.] (Anat.)
(a) A bone, or one of a pair of bones, beneath the ethmoid region of
the skull, forming a part a part of the partition between the
nostrils in man and other mammals.
(b) The pygostyle.

VOMERINE
Vo"mer*ine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the vomer.

VOMICA
Vom"i*ca, n. Etym: [L., fr. vomere to throw up, vomit.] (Med.)
(a) An abscess cavity in the lungs.
(b) An abscess in any other parenchymatous organ.

VOMICINE
Vom"i*cine, n. Etym: [From nux vomica.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Brucine.

VOMIC NUT
Vom"ic nut`. Etym: [Cf. F. noix vomique.]

Defn: Same as Nux vomica.

VOMIT
Vom"it, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Vomited; p. pr. & vb. n. Vomiting.] Etym:
[Cf. L. vomere, vomitum, and v. freq. vomitare. See Vomit, n.]

Defn: To eject the contents of the stomach by the mouth; to puke; to
spew.

VOMIT
Vom"it, v. t.

1. To throw up; to eject from the stomach through the mouth; to
disgorge; to puke; to spew out; -- often followed by up or out.
The fish . . . vomited out Jonah upon the dry land. Jonah ii. 10.

2. Hence, to eject from any hollow place; to belch forth; to emit; to
throw forth; as, volcanoes vomit flame, stones, etc.
Like the sons of Vulcan, vomit smoke. Milton.

VOMIT
Vom"it, n. Etym: [L. vomitus, from vomere, vomitum, to vomit; akin to
Gr. vam, Lith. vemiti. Cf. Emetic, Vomito.]

1. Matter that is vomited; esp., matter ejected from the stomach
through the mouth.
Like vomit from his yawning entrails poured. Sandys.

2. (Med.)

Defn: That which excites vomiting; an emetic.
He gives your Hollander a vomit. Shak.
Black vomit. (Med.) See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Vomit nut, nux vomica.

VOMITING
Vom"it*ing, n.

Defn: The spasmodic ejection of matter from the stomach through the
mouth.

VOMITION
Vo*mi"tion, n. Etym: [L. vomitio.]

Defn: The act or power of vomiting. Grew.

VOMITIVE
Vom"i*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vomitif.]

Defn: Causing the ejection of matter from the stomach; emetic.

VOMITO
Vo*mi"to, n. Etym: [Sp. vómito, fr. L. vomitus. See Vomit, n.] (Med.)

Defn: The yellow fever in its worst form, when it is usually attended
with black vomit. See Black vomit.

VOMITORY
Vom"i*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. vomitorious.]

Defn: Causing vomiting; emetic; vomitive.

VOMITORY
Vom"i*to*ry, n.; pl. Vomitories (.

1. An emetic; a vomit. Harvey.

2. Etym: [L. vomitorium.] (Arch.)

Defn: A principal door of a large ancient building, as of an
amphitheater.
Sixty-four vomitories . . . poured forth the immense multitude.
Gibbon.

VOMITURITION
Vom`i*tu*ri"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vomiturition.] (Med.)
(a) An ineffectual attempt to vomit.
(b) The vomiting of but little matter; also, that vomiting which is
effected with little effort. Dunglison.

VONDSIRA
Vond*si"ra, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Vansire.

VOODOO
Voo"doo, n.

1. See Voodooism.

2. One who practices voodooism; a negro sorcerer.

VOODOO
Voo"doo, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to voodooism, or a voodoo; as, voodoo
incantations.

VOODOOISM
Voo"doo*ism, n. Etym: [Probably (through Creole French vaudoux a
negro sorcerer) fr. F. Vaudois Waldensian, because the Waldenses were
accused of sorcery.]

Defn: A degraded form of superstition and sorcery, said to include
human sacrifices and cannibalism in some of its rites. It is
prevalent among the negroes of Hayti, and to some extent in the
United States, and is regarded as a relic of African barbarism.

VOORTREKER
Voor"trek`er, n. [D. (in South Africa).]

Defn: One who treks before or first; a pioneer. [South Africa]

VORACIOUS
Vo*ra"cious, a. Etym: [L. vorax, -acis, fr. vorare to devour; akin to
Gr. gar. Cf. Devour.]

Defn: Greedy in eating; very hungry; eager to devour or swallow;
ravenous; gluttonous; edacious; rapacious; as, a voracious man or
appetite; a voracious gulf or whirlpool. Dampier.
 -- Vo*ra"cious*ly, adv.
 -- Vo*ra"cious*ness, n.

VORACITY
Vo*rac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. voracitas: cf. F. voracité.]

Defn: The quality of being voracious; voraciousness.

VORAGINOUS
Vo*rag"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. voraginosus, fr. vorago an abyss, fr.
vorare to swallow up.]

Defn: Pertaining to a gulf; full of gulfs; hence, devouring. [R.]
Mallet.

VORTEX
Vor"tex, n.; pl. E. Vortexes, L. Vortices. Etym: [L. vortex, vertex,
-icis, fr. vortere, vertere, to turn. See Vertex.]

1. A mass of fluid, especially of a liquid, having a whirling or
circular motion tending to form a cavity or vacuum in the center of
the circle, and to draw in towards the center bodies subject to its
action; the form assumed by a fluid in such motion; a whirlpool; an
eddy.

2. (Cartesian System)

Defn: A supposed collection of particles of very subtile matter,
endowed with a rapid rotary motion around an axis which was also the
axis of a sun or a planet. Descartes attempted to account for the
formation of the universe, and the movements of the bodies composing
it, by a theory of vortices.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small Turbellaria belonging to
Vortex and allied genera. See Illustration in Appendix. Vortex atom
(Chem.), a hypothetical ring-shaped mass of elementary matter in
continuous vortical motion. It is conveniently regarded in certain
mathematical speculations as the typical form and structure of the
chemical atom.
 -- Vortex wheel, a kind of turbine.

VORTEX FILAMENT
Vor"tex fil"a*ment.

Defn: A vortex tube of infinitesimal cross section.

VORTEX FRINGE
Vor"tex fringe.

Defn: The region immediately surrounding a disk moving flatwise
through air; -- so called because the air has a cyclic motion as in
vortex ring.

VORTEX LINE
Vortex line.

Defn: A line, within a rotating fluid, whose tangent at every point
is the instantaneous axis of rotation as that point of the fluid.

VORTEX RING
Vortex ring. (Physics)

Defn: A ring-shaped mass of moving fluid which, by virtue of its
motion of rotation around an axis disposed in circular form, attains
a more or less distinct separation from the surrounding medium and
has many of the properties of a solid.

VORTEX THEORY
Vortex theory. (Chem. & Physics)

Defn: The theory, advanced by Thomson (Lord Kelvin) on the basis of
investigation by Helmholtz, that the atoms are vortically moving
ring-shaped masses (or masses of other forms having a similar
internal motion) of a homogeneous, incompressible, frictionless
fluid. Various properties of such atoms (vortex atoms) can be
mathematically deduced.

VORTEX TUBE
Vortex tube. (Physics)

Defn: An imaginary tube within a rotating fluid, formed by drawing
the vortex lines through all points of a closed curve.

VORTICAL
Vor"ti*cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a vortex or vortexes; resembling a vortex
in form or motion; whirling; as, a vortical motion.
 -- Vor"ti*cal*ly, adv.

VORTICEL
Vor"ti*cel, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vorticelle. See Vortex.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A vorticella.

VORTICELLA
Vor`ti*cel"la, n.; pl. E. Vorticellas (, L. Vorticellæ (. Etym: [NL.,
dim. fr. L. vortex. See Vortex.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of ciliated Infusoria belonging to
Vorticella and many other genera of the family Vorticellidæ. They
have a more or less bell-shaped body with a circle of vibrating cilia
around the oral disk. Most of the species have slender, contractile
stems, either simple or branched.

VORTICOSE
Vor"ti*cose`, a. Etym: [L. vorticosus.]

Defn: Vortical; whirling; as, a vorticose motion.

VORTIGINOUS
Vor*tig"i*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. Vertiginous.]

Defn: Moving rapidly round a center; vortical. [R.] Cowper.

VOTARESS
Vo"ta*ress, n. Etym: [See Votary, n.]

Defn: A woman who is a votary. Shak.

VOTARIST
Vo"ta*rist, n. Etym: [See Votary.]

Defn: A votary.
Like a sad votarist in palmer's weed. Milton.

VOTARY
Vo"ta*ry, a. Etym: [From L. votus, p. p. vovere to vow, to devote.
See Vote, Vow.]

Defn: Consecrated by a vow or promise; consequent on a vow; devoted;
promised.
Votary resolution is made equipollent to custom. Bacon.

VOTARY
Vo"ta*ry, n.; pl. Votaries (.

Defn: One devoted, consecrated, or engaged by a vow or promise;
hence, especially, one devoted, given, or addicted, to some
particular service, worship, study, or state of life. "You are
already love's firm votary." Shak.
'T was coldness of the votary, not the prayer, that was in fault. Bp.
Fell.
But thou, my votary, weepest thou Emerson.

VOTE
Vote, n. Etym: [L. votum a vow, wish, will, fr. vovere, votum, to
vow: cf. F. vote. See Vow.]

1. An ardent wish or desire; a vow; a prayer. [Obs.] Massinger.

2. A wish, choice, or opinion, of a person or a body of persons,
expressed in some received and authorized way; the expression of a
wish, desire, will, preference, or choice, in regard to any measure
proposed, in which the person voting has an interest in common with
others, either in electing a person to office, or in passing laws,
rules, regulations, etc.; suffrage.

3. That by means of which will or preference is expressed in
elections, or in deciding propositions; voice; a ballot; a ticket;
as, a written vote.
The freeman casting with unpurchased hand The vote that shakes the
turrets of the land. Holmes.

4. Expression of judgment or will by a majority; legal decision by
some expression of the minds of a number; as, the vote was unanimous;
a vote of confidence.

5. Votes, collectively; as, the Tory vote; the labor vote. Casting
vote, Cumulative vote, etc. See under Casting, Cumulative, etc.

VOTE
Vote, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Voted; p. pr. & vb. n. Voting.] Etym: [Cf.
F. voter.]

Defn: To express or signify the mind, will, or preference, either
viva voce, or by ballot, or by other authorized means, as in electing
persons to office, in passing laws, regulations, etc., or in deciding
on any proposition in which one has an interest with others.
The vote for a duelist is to assist in the prostration of justice,
and, indirectly, to encourage the crime. L. Beecher.
To vote on large principles, to vote honestly, requires a great
amount of information. F. W. Robertson.

VOTE
Vote, v. t.

1. To choose by suffrage; to elecas, to vote a candidate into office.

2. To enact, establish, grant, determine, etc., by a formal vote; as,
the legislature voted the resolution.
Parliament voted them one hundred thousand pounds. Swift.

3. To declare by general opinion or common consent, as if by a vote;
as, he was voted a bore. [Colloq.]

4. To condemn; to devote; to doom. [Obs.] Glanvill.

VOTER
Vot"er, n.

Defn: One who votes; one who has a legal right to vote, or give his
suffrage; an elector; a suffragist; as, as, an independent voter.

VOTING
Vot"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Vote, v. Voting paper, a form of ballot containing
the names of more candidates than there are offices to be filled, the
voter making a mark against the preferred names. [Eng.]

VOTIST
Vot"ist, n.

Defn: One who makes a vow. [Obs.] Chapman.

VOTIVE
Vo"tive, a. Etym: [L. votivus, fr. votum a vow: cf. F. votif. See
Vow.]

Defn: Given by vow, or in fulfillment of a vow; consecrated by a vow;
devoted; as, votive offerings; a votive tablet. "Votive incense."
Keble.
We reached a votive stone, that bears the name Of Aloys Reding.
Wordsworth.
Embellishments of flowers and votive garlands. Motley.
Votive medal, a medal struck in grateful commemoration of some
auspicious event.
 -- Votive offering, an offering in fulfillment of a religious vow,
as of one's person or property.
 -- Vo"tive*ly, adv.
 -- Vo"tive*ness, n.

VOTRESS
Vo"tress, n.

Defn: A votaress. Dryden.

VOUCH
Vouch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vouched; p. pr. & vb. n. Vouching.] Etym:
[OE. vouchen, OF. vochier to call, fr. L. vocare to call, fr. vox,
vocis, voice. See Voice, and cf. Avouch.]

1. To call; to summon. [Obs.]
[They] vouch (as I might say) to their aid the authority of the
writers. Sir T. Elyot.

2. To call upon to witness; to obtest.
Vouch the silent stars and conscious moon. Dryden.

3. To warrant; to maintain by affirmations; to attest; to affirm; to
avouch.
They made him ashamed to vouch the truth of the relation, and
afterwards to credit it. Atterbury.

4. To back; to support; to confirm; to establish.
Me damp horror chilled At such bold words vouched with a deed so
bold. Milton.

5. (Law)

Defn: To call into court to warrant and defend, or to make good a
warranty of title.
He vouches the tenant in tail, who vouches over the common vouchee.
Blackstone.

Syn.
 -- To obtest; declare; affirm; attest; warrant; confirm; asseverate;
aver; protest; assure.

VOUCH
Vouch, v. i.

1. To bear witness; to give testimony or full attestation.
He will not believe her until the elector of Hanover shall vouch for
the truth of what she has . . . affirmed. Swift.

2. To assert; to aver; to declare. Shak.

VOUCH
Vouch, n.

Defn: Warrant; attestation. [Obs.]
The vouch of very malice itself. Shak.

VOUCHEE
Vouch*ee", n. (Law)

Defn: The person who is vouched, or called into court to support or
make good his warranty of title in the process of common recovery.
Blackstone.

VOUCHER
Vouch"er, n.

1. One who vouches, or gives witness or full attestation, to
anything.
Will his vouchers vouch him no more Shak.
The great writers of that age stand up together as vouchers for one
another's reputation. Spectator.

2. A book, paper, or document which serves to vouch the truth of
accounts, or to confirm and establish facts of any kind; also, any
acquittance or receipt showing the payment of a debt; as, the
merchant's books are his vouchers for the correctness of his
accounts; notes, bonds, receipts, and other writings, are used as
vouchers in proving facts.

3. (Law)
(a) The act of calling in a person to make good his warranty of title
in the old form of action for the recovery of lands.
(b) The tenant in a writ of right; one who calls in another to
establish his warranty of title. In common recoveries, there may be a
single voucher or double vouchers. Blackstone.

VOUCHMENT
Vouch"ment, n.

Defn: A solemn assertion. [R.]

VOUCHOR
Vouchor, n. (Law)

Defn: Same as Voucher, 3 (b).

VOUCHSAFE
Vouch*safe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vouchsafed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vouchsafing.] Etym: [Vouch + safe, that is, to vouch or answer for
safety.]

1. To condescend to grant; to concede; to bestow.
If ye vouchsafe that it be so. Chaucer.
Shall I vouchsafe your worship a word or two Shak.
It is not said by the apostle that God vouchsafed to the heathens the
means of salvation. South.

2. To receive or accept in condescension. [Obs.] Shak.

VOUCHSAFE
Vouch*safe", v. i.

Defn: To condescend; to deign; to yield; to descend or stoop.
Chaucer.
Vouchsafe, O Lord, to keep us this day without sin. Bk. of Com.
Prayer.
Vouchsafe, illustrious Ormond, to behold What power the charms of
beauty had of old. Dryden.

VOUCHSAFEMENT
Vouch*safe"ment, n.

Defn: The act of vouchsafing, or that which is vouchsafed; a gift or
grant in condescension. Glanvill.

VOUSSOIR
Vous`soir", n. Etym: [F., akin to voûte an arch, a vault.] (Arch.)

Defn: One of the wedgelike stones of which an arch is composed.

VOW
Vow, n. Etym: [OE. vou, OF. vou, veu, vo, vu, F. v, from L. votum,
from vovere, to vow. Cf. Avow, Devout, Vote.]

1. A solemn promise made to God, or to some deity; an act by which
one consecrates or devotes himself, absolutely or conditionally,
wholly or in part, for a longer or shorter time, to some act,
service, or condition; a devotion of one's possessions; as, a
baptismal vow; a vow of poverty. "Nothing . . . that may . . . stain
my vow of Nazarite." Milton.
I pray thee, let me go and pay my vow. 2 Sam. xv. 7.
I am combined by a sacred vow. Shak.

2. Specifically, a promise of fidelity; a pledge of love or
affection; as, the marriage vow.
Knights of love, who never broke their vow; Firm to their plighted
faith. Dryden.

VOW
Vow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Vowing.] Etym: [OE.
vouen, OF. vouer, voer, F. vouer, LL. votare. See Vow, n.]

1. To give, consecrate, or dedicate to God, or to some deity, by a
solemn promise; to devote; to promise solemnly. "When thou vowest a
vow unto God, defer not to pay it." Eccl. v. 4.
[Men] that vow a long and weary pilgrimage. Shak.

2. To assert solemnly; to asseverate.

VOW
Vow, v. i.

Defn: To make a vow, or solemn promise.
Better is it that thou shouldest not vow, than that thou shouldest
vow and not pay. Eccl. v. 5.

VOWEL
Vow"el, n. Etym: [F. voyelle, or an OF. form without y, L. vocalis
(sc. littera), from vocalis sounding, from vox, vocis, a voice,
sound. See Vocal.] (Phon.)

Defn: A vocal, or sometimes a whispered, sound modified by resonance
in the oral passage, the peculiar resonance in each case giving to
each several vowel its distinctive character or quality as a sound of
speech; -- distinguished from a consonant in that the latter, whether
made with or without vocality, derives its character in every case
from some kind of obstructive action by the mouth organs. Also, a
letter or character which represents such a sound. See Guide to
Pronunciation, §§ 5, 146-149.

Note: In the English language, the written vowels are a, e, i, o, u,
and sometimes w and y. The spoken vowels are much more numerous.
Close vowel. See under Close, a.
 -- Vowel point. See under Point, n.

VOWEL
Vow"el, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a vowel; vocal.

VOWELED
Vow"eled, a.

Defn: Furnished with vowels. [Written also vowelled.] Dryden.

VOWELISH
Vow"el*ish, a.

Defn: Of the nature of a vowel. [R.] "The power [of w] is always
vowelish." B. Jonson.

VOWELISM
Vow"el*ism, n.

Defn: The use of vowels. [R.]

VOWELIZE
Vow"el*ize, v. t.

Defn: To give the quality, sound, or office of a vowel to.

VOWER
Vow"er, n.

Defn: One who makes a vow. Bale.

VOW-FELLOW
Vow"-fel`low, n.

Defn: One bound by the same vow as another. [R.] Shak.

VOX
Vox, n. Etym: [L. See Voice.]

Defn: A voice. Vox humana ( Etym: [L., human voice] (Mus.), a reed
stop in an organ, made to imitate the human voice.

VOX ANGELICA
Vox` an*gel"i*ca. [L. angelica angelic.] (Music)

Defn: An organ stop of delicate stringlike quality, having for each
finger key a pair of pipes, of which one is tuned slightly sharp to
give a wavy effect to their joint tone.

VOYAGE
Voy"age (; 48), n. Etym: [OE. veage, viage, OF. veage, viage, veiage,
voiage, F. voyage, LL. viaticum, fr. L. viaticum traveling money,
provision for a journey, from viaticus belonging to a road or
journey, fr. via way, akin to E. way. See Way, n., and cf. Convey,
Deviate, Devious, Envoy, Trivial, Viaduct, Viaticum.]

1. Formerly, a passage either by sea or land; a journey, in general;
but not chiefly limited to a passing by sea or water from one place,
port, or country, to another; especially, a passing or journey by
water to a distant place or country.
I love a sea voyage and a blustering tempest. J. Fletcher.
So steers the prudent crane Her annual voyage, borne on winds.
Milton.
All the voyage of their life Is bound in shallows and in miseries.
Shak.

2. The act or practice of traveling. [Obs.]
Nations have interknowledge of one another by voyage into foreign
parts, or strangers that come to them. Bacon.

3. Course; way. [Obs.] Shak.

VOYAGE
Voy"age, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Voyaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Voyaging.]
Etym: [Cf. F. voyager.]

Defn: To take a voyage; especially, to sail or pass by water.
A mind forever Voyaging through strange seas of thought alone.
Wordsworth.

VOYAGE
Voy"age, v. t.

Defn: To travel; to pass over; to traverse.
With what pain [I] voyaged the unreal, vast, unbounded deep. Milton.

VOYAGEABLE
Voy"age*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. voyageable.]

Defn: That may be sailed over, as water or air; navigable.

VOYAGER
Voy"a*ger, n. Etym: [Cf. F. voyager traveling.]

Defn: One who voyages; one who sails or passes by sea or water.

VOYAGEUR
Voy`a`geur", n. Etym: [F., fr. voyager to travel. See Voyage.]

Defn: A traveler; -- applied in Canada to a man employed by the fur
companies in transporting goods by the rivers and across the land, to
and from the remote stations in the Northwest.

VOYOL
Voy"ol, n. (Naut.)
(a) See Viol, 2.
(b) The block through which a messenger passes. [Written also viol,
and voyal.]

VRAISEMBLANCE
Vrai`sem`blance", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The appearance of truth; verisimilitude.

VUGG; VUGH
Vugg, Vugh, n. (Mining)

Defn: A cavity in a lode; -- called also vogle.

VULCAN
Vul"can, n. Etym: [L. Vulcanus, Volcanus: cf. Skr. ulka a firebrand,
meteor. Cf. Volcano.] (Rom. Myth.)

Defn: The god of fire, who presided over the working of metals; --
answering to the Greek Hephæstus.

VULCANIAN
Vul*ca"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Vulcanius.]

1. Of or pertaining to Vulcan; made by Vulcan; hence, of or
pertaining to works in iron or other metals.
Ingenious allusions to the Vulcanian panoply which Achilles lent to
his feebler friend. Macaulay.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Volcanic.

VULCANIC
Vul*can"ic, a.

1. Of or pertaining to Vulcan; made by Vulcan; Vulcanian.

2. Of or pertaining to volcanoes; specifically, relating to the
geological theory of the Vulcanists, or Plutonists.

VULCANICITY
Vul`can*ic"i*ty, n.

Defn: Volcanicity.

VULCANISM
Vul"can*ism, n.

Defn: Volcanism.

VULCANIST
Vul"can*ist, n.

Defn: A volcanist.

VULCANITE
Vul"can*ite, n.

Defn: Hard rubber produced by vulcanizing with a large proportion of
sulphur.

VULCANIZATION
Vul`can*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [See Vulcan.]

Defn: The act or process of imparting to caoutchouc, gutta-percha, or
the like, greater elasticity, durability, or hardness by heating with
sulphur under pressure.

VULCANIZE
Vul"can*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vulcanized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vulcanizing.]

Defn: To change the properties of, as caoutchouc, or India rubber, by
the process of vulcanization. Vulcanized fiber, paper, paper pulp, or
other fiber, chemically treated, as with metallic chlorides, so as to
form a substance resembling ebonite in texture, hardness, etc.
Knight.
 -- Vulcanized rubber, India rubber, vulcanized.

VULCANIZER
Vul"can*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, vulcanizes; esp., an apparatus for
vulcanizing caoutchouc.

VULCANO
Vul*ca"no, n.

Defn: A volcano. [Obs.]

VULCANOLOGY
Vul`can*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [See Vulcan, and -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of phenomena due to plutonic action,
as in volcanoes, hot springs, etc. [R.]

VULCAN POWDER
Vul"can pow"der.

Defn: A dynamite composed of nitroglycerin (30 parts), sodium nitrate
(52.5), charcoal (10.5), and sulphur (7), used in mining and
blasting.

VULGAR
Vul"gar, a. Etym: [L. vulgaris, from vulgus the multitude, the common
people; of uncertain origin: cf. F. vulgaire. Cf. Divulge.]

1. Of or pertaining to the mass, or multitude, of people; common;
general; ordinary; public; hence, in general use; vernacular. "As
common as any the most vulgar thing to sense. " Shak.
Things vulgar, and well-weighed, scarce worth the praise. Milton.
It might be more useful to the English reader . . . to write in our
vulgar language. Bp. Fell.
The mechanical process of multiplying books had brought the New
Testament in the vulgar tongue within the reach of every class.
Bancroft.

2. Belonging or relating to the common people, as distinguished from
the cultivated or educated; pertaining to common life; plebeian; not
select or distinguished; hence, sometimes, of little or no value.
"Like the vulgar sort of market men." Shak.
Men who have passed all their time in low and vulgar life. Addison.
In reading an account of a battle, we follow the hero with our whole
attention, but seldom reflect on the vulgar heaps of slaughter.
Rambler.

3. Hence, lacking cultivation or refinement; rustic; boorish; also,
offensive to good taste or refined feelings; low; coarse; mean; base;
as, vulgar men, minds, language, or manners.
Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar. Shak.
Vulgar fraction. (Arith.) See under Fraction.

VULGAR
Vul"gar, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vulgaire.]

1. One of the common people; a vulgar person. [Obs.]
These vile vulgars are extremely proud. Chapman.

2. The vernacular, or common language. [Obs.]

VULGARIAN
Vul*ga"ri*an, n.

Defn: A vulgar person; one who has vulgar ideas. Used also
adjectively.

VULGARISM
Vul"gar*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vulgarisme.]

1. Grossness; rudeness; vulgarity.

2. A vulgar phrase or expression.
A fastidious taste will find offense in the occasional vulgarisms, or
what we now call "slang," which not a few of our writers seem to have
affected. Coleridge.

VULGARITY
Vul*gar"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vulgarité, L. vulgaritas the
multitude.]

1. The quality or state of being vulgar; mean condition of life; the
state of the lower classes of society. Sir T. Browne.

2. Grossness or clownishness of manners of language; absence of
refinement; coarseness.
The reprobate vulgarity of the frequenters of Bartholomew Fair. B.
Jonson.

VULGARIZATION
Vul`gar*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of making vulgar, or common.

VULGARIZE
Vul"gar*ize, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Vulgarized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vulgarizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. vulgariser, LL. vulgarizare.]

Defn: To make vulgar, or common.
Exhortation vulgarized by low wit. V. Knox.

VULGARLY
Vul"gar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a vulgar manner.

VULGARNESS
Vul"gar*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being vulgar.

VULGATE
Vul"gate, n. Etym: [NL. vulgata, from L. vulgatus usual, common, p.
p. of vulgare to make general, or common, fr. vulgus the multitude:
cf. F. vulgate. See Vulgar, a.]

Defn: An ancient Latin version of the Scripture, and the only version
which the Roman Church admits to be authentic; -- so called from its
common use in the Latin Church.

Note: The Vulgate was made by Jerome at the close of the 4th century.
The Old Testament he translated mostly from the Hebrew and Chaldaic,
and the New Testament he revised from an older Latin version. The
Douay version, so called, is an English translation from the Vulgate.
See Douay Bible.

VULGATE
Vul"gate, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Vulgate, or the old Latin version of
the Scriptures.

VULNERABILITY
Vul`ner*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vulnerable; vulnerableness.

VULNERABLE
Vul"ner*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. vulnerabilis wounding, injurious, from
vulnerare to wound, vulnus a wound; akin to Skr. vra: cf. F.
vulnérable.]

1. Capable of being wounded; susceptible of wounds or external
injuries; as, a vulnerable body.
Achilles was vulnerable in his heel; and there will be wanting a
Paris to infix the dart. Dr. T. Dwight.

2. Liable to injury; subject to be affected injuriously; assailable;
as, a vulnerable reputation.
His skill in finding out the vulnerable parts of strong minds was
consummate. Macaulay.

VULNERABLENESS
Vul"ner*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vulnerable; vulnerability.

VULNERARY
Vul"ner*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. vulnearius: cf. F. vulnéraire.]

Defn: Useful in healing wounds; adapted to the cure of external
injuries; as, vulnerary plants or potions. "Such vulnerary remedies."
Sir W. Scott.
 -- n. Etym: [Cf. F. vulnéraire.] (Med.)

Defn: A vulnerary remedy.

VULNERATE
Vul"ner*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. vulneratus, p. p. of vulnerare to
wound.]

Defn: To wound; to hurt. [Obs.]

VULNERATION
Vul`ner*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. vulneratio.]

Defn: The act of wounding, or the state of being wounded. [Obs.]

VULNEROSE
Vul"ner*ose`, a.

Defn: Full of wounds; wounded.

VULNIFIC; VULNIFICAL
Vul*nif"ic, Vul*nif"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. vulnificus; vulnus a wound +
facere to make.]

Defn: Causing wounds; inflicting wounds; wounding.

VULNOSE
Vul*nose", a.

Defn: Having wounds; vulnerose. [R.]

VULPES
Vul"pes, n. Etym: [L., a fox.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Carnivora including the foxes.

VULPIC
Vul"pic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid obtained
from a lichen (Cetraria vulpina) as a yellow or red crystalline
substance which on decomposition yields pulvinic acid.

VULPICIDE
Vul"pi*cide, n. Etym: [L. vulpes a fox + caedere to kill.]

Defn: One who kills a fox, except in hunting; also, the act of so
killing a fox. [Written also vulpecide.]

VULPINE
Vul"pine, a. Etym: [L. vulpinus, from vulpes a fox.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the fox; resembling the fox; foxy; cunning;
crafty; artful. Vulpine phalangist (Zoöl.), an Australian carnivorous
marsupial (Phalangista, or Trichosurus, vulpina); -- called also
vulpine phalanger, and vulpine opossum.

VULPINIC
Vul*pin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Vulpic.

VULPINISM
Vul"pin*ism, n.

Defn: The quality of being cunning like the fox; craft; artfulness.
[R.]
He was without guile, and had no vulpinism at all. Carlyle.

VULPINITE
Vul"pi*nite, n. Etym: [So called after Vulpino, in Italy.] (Min.)

Defn: A scaly granular variety of anhydrite of a grayish white color,
used for ornamental purposes.

VULTERN
Vul"tern, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The brush turkey (Talegallus Lathami) of Australia. See Brush
turkey.

VULTURE
Vul"ture, n. Etym: [OE. vultur, L. vultur: cf. OF. voltour, F.
vautour.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of rapacious birds belonging to
Vultur, Cathartes, Catharista, and various other genera of the family
Vulturidæ.

Note: In most of the species the head and neck are naked or nearly
so. They feed chiefly on carrion. The condor, king vulture, turkey
buzzard, and black vulture (Catharista atrata) are well known
American species. The griffin, lammergeir, and Pharaoh's chicken, or
Egyptian vulture, are common Old World vultures.

VULTURINE
Vul"tur*ine, a. Etym: [L. vulturinus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a vulture; resembling a vulture in
qualities or looks; as, the vulturine sea eagle (Gypohierax
Angolensis); vulturine rapacity.
The vulturine nose, which smells nothing but corruption, is no credit
to its possessor. C. Kingsley.

VULTURISH
Vul"tur*ish, a.

Defn: Vulturous.

VULTURISM
Vul"tur*ism, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being like a vulture; rapaciousness.

VULTUROUS
Vul"tur*ous, a.

Defn: Like a vulture; rapacious.

VULVA
Vul"va, n. Etym: [L. vulva, volva, from volvere to roll.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The external parts of the female genital organs; sometimes, the
opening between the projecting parts of the external organs.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The orifice of the oviduct of an insect or other invertebrate.

VULVIFORM
Vul"vi*form, a. Etym: [L. vulva, volva, a wrapper + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Like a cleft with projecting edges.

VULVITIS
Vul*vi"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Vulva, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the vulva.

VULVO-UTERINE
Vul`vo-u"ter*ine, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining both to the vulva and the uterus.

VULVOVAGINAL
Vul`vo*vag"i*nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining both to the vulva and the vagina.

VYCE
Vyce, n. Etym: [Cf. Vise.] (Coopering)

Defn: A kind of clamp with gimlet points for holding a barrel head
while the staves are being closed around it. Knight.

VYING
Vy"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Vie.
 -- Vy"ing*ly, adv.

W

Defn: W, the twenty-third letter of the English alphabet, is usually
a consonant, but sometimes it is a vowel, forming the second element
of certain diphthongs, as in few, how. It takes its written form and
its name from the repetition of a V, this being the original form of
the Roman capital letter which we call U. Etymologically it is most
related to v and u. See V, and U. Some of the uneducated classes in
England, especially in London, confuse w and v, substituting the one
for the other, as weal for veal, and veal for weal; wine for vine,
and vine for wine, etc. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 266-268.

WAAG
Waag, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The grivet.

WAAHOO
Waa*hoo", n. (Bot.)

Defn: The burning bush; -- said to be called after a quack medicine
made from it.

WABBLE
Wab"ble, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Prov. G. wabbeln to wabble, and E. whap.
Cf. Quaver.]

Defn: To move staggeringly or unsteadily from one side to the other;
to vacillate; to move the manner of a rotating disk when the axis of
rotation is inclined to that of the disk; -- said of a turning or
whirling body; as, a top wabbles; a buzz saw wabbles. wobble.

WABBLE
Wab"ble, n.

Defn: A hobbling, unequal motion, as of a wheel unevenly hung; a
staggering to and fro.

WABBLY
Wab"bly, a.

Defn: Inclined to wabble; wabbling.

WACKE; WACKY
Wack"e, Wack"y, n. Etym: [G. wacke, MHG.wacke a large stone, OHG.
waggo a pebble.] (Geol.)

Defn: A soft, earthy, dark-colored rock or clay derived from the
alteration of basalt.

WAD
Wad, n. Etym: [See Woad.]

Defn: Woad. [Obs.]

WAD
Wad, n. Etym: [Probably of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. vadd wadding, Dan
vat, D. & G. watte. Cf. Wadmol.]

1. A little mass, tuft, or bundle, as of hay or tow. Holland.

2. Specifically: A little mass of some soft or flexible material,
such as hay, straw, tow, paper, or old rope yarn, used for retaining
a charge of powder in a gun, or for keeping the powder and shot
close; also, to diminish or avoid the effects of windage. Also, by
extension, a dusk of felt, pasteboard, etc., serving a similar
purpose.

3. A soft mass, especially of some loose, fibrous substance, used for
various purposes, as for stopping an aperture, padding a garment,
etc. Wed hook, a rod with a screw or hook at the end, used for
removing the wad from a gun.

WAD
Wad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Waded; p. pr. & vb. n. Wadding.]

1. To form into a mass, or wad, or into wadding; as, to wad tow or
cotton.

2. To insert or crowd a wad into; as, to wad a gun; also, to stuff or
line with some soft substance, or wadding, like cotton; as, to wad a
cloak.

WAD; WADD
Wad, Wadd, n. (Min.)
(a) An earthy oxide of manganese, or mixture of different oxides and
water, with some oxide of iron, and often silica, alumina, lime, or
baryta; black ocher. There are several varieties.
(b) Plumbago, or black lead.

WADDIE
Wad"die, n. & v.

Defn: See Waddy.

WADDING
Wad"ding, n. Etym: [See Wad a little mass.]

1. A wad, or the materials for wads; any pliable substance of which
wads may be made.

2. Any soft stuff of loose texture, used for stuffing or padding
garments; esp., sheets of carded cotton prepared for the purpose.

WADDLE
Wad"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Waddling.]
Etym: [Freq. of wade; cf. AS. wædlian to beg, from wadan to go. See
Wade.]

Defn: To walk with short steps, swaying the body from one side to the
other, like a duck or very fat person; to move clumsily and
totteringly along; to toddle; to stumble; as, a child waddles when he
begins to walk; a goose waddles. Shak.
She drawls her words, and waddles in her pace. Young.

WADDLE
Wad"dle, v. t.

Defn: To trample or tread down, as high grass, by walking through it.
[R.] Drayton.

WADDLER
Wad"dler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, waddles.

WADDLINGLY
Wad"dling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a waddling manner.

WADDY
Wad"dy, n.; pl. Waddies. [Written also waddie, whaddie.] [Native
name. Thought by some to be a corrup. of E. wood.] [Australia]

1. An aboriginal war club.

2.  A piece of wood; stick; peg; also, a walking stick.

WADDY
Wad"dy, v. t.  [imp. & p. p. Waddied; p. pr. & vb. n. Waddying.]

Defn: To attack or beat with a waddy.

WADDYWOOD
Wad"dy*wood`, n.

Defn: An Australian tree (Pittosporum bicolor); also, its wood, used
in making waddies.

WADE
Wade, n.

Defn: Woad. [Obs.] Mortimer.

WADE
Wade, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waded; p. pr. & vb. n. Wading.] Etym: [OE.
waden to wade, to go, AS. wadan; akin to OFries. wada, D. waden, OHG.
watan, Icel. va, Sw. vada, Dan. vade, L. vadere to go, walk, vadum a
ford. Cf. Evade, Invade, Pervade, Waddle.]

1. To go; to move forward. [Obs.]
When might is joined unto cruelty, Alas, too deep will the venom
wade. Chaucer.
Forbear, and wade no further in this speech. Old Play.

2. To walk in a substance that yields to the feet; to move, sinking
at each step, as in water, mud, sand, etc.
So eagerly the fiend . . . With head, hands, wings, or feet, pursues
his way, And swims, or sinks, or wades, or creeps, or flies. Milton.

3. Hence, to move with difficulty or labor; to proceed as, to wade
through a dull book.
And wades through fumes, and gropes his way. Dryden.
The king's admirable conduct has waded through all these
difficulties. Davenant.

WADE
Wade, v. t.

Defn: To pass or cross by wading; as, he waded .

WADE
Wade, n.

Defn: The act of wading. [Colloq.]

WADER
Wad"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, wades.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any long-legged bird that wades in the water in search of food,
especially any species of limicoline or grallatorial birds; -- called
also wading bird. See Illust. g, under Aves.

WADING
Wad"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Wade, v. Wading bird. (Zoöl.) See Wader, 2.

WADMOL
Wad"mol, n. Etym: [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel.va a woollen stuff, Dan
vadmel. Cf. Wad a small mass, and Woodmeil.]

Defn: A coarse, hairy, woolen cloth, formerly used for garments by
the poor, and for various other purposes. [Spelled also wadmal,
wadmeal, wadmoll, wadmel, etc.] Beck (Draper's Dict.). Sir W. Scott.

WADSET
Wad"set, n. Etym: [Scot. wad a pledge; akin to Sw. vad a wager. See
Wed.] (Scots Law)

Defn: A kind of pledge or mortgage. [Written also wadsett.]

WADSETTER
Wad"set*ter, n.

Defn: One who holds by a wadset.

WADY
Wad"y, n.; pl. Wadies. Etym: [Ar. wadi a valley, a channel of a
river, a river.]

Defn: A ravine through which a brook flows; the channel of a water
course, which is dry except in the rainy season.

WAE
Wae, n.

Defn: A wave. [Obs.] Spenser.

WAEG
Waeg, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The kittiwake. [Scot.]

WAFER
Wa"fer, n. Etym: [OE. wafre, OF. waufre, qaufre, F. qaufre; of
Teutonic origin; cf. LG. & D. wafel, G. waffel, Dan. vaffel, Sw.
våffla; all akin to G. wabe a honeycomb, OHG. waba, being named from
the resemblance to a honeycomb. G. wabe is probably akin to E. weave.
See Weave, and cf. Waffle, Gauffer.]

1. (Cookery)

Defn: A thin cake made of flour and other ingredients.
Wafers piping hot out of the gleed. Chaucer.
The curious work in pastry, the fine cakes, wafers, and marchpanes.
Holland.
A woman's oaths are wafers -- break with making B. Jonson.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A thin cake or piece of bread (commonly unleavened, circular,
and stamped with a crucifix or with the sacred monogram) used in the
Eucharist, as in the Roman Catholic Church.

3. An adhesive disk of dried paste, made of flour, gelatin,
isinglass, or the like, and coloring matter, -- used in sealing
letters and other documents. Wafer cake, a sweet, thin cake. Shak.
 -- Wafer irons, or Wafer tongs (Cookery), a pincher-shaped
contrivance, having flat plates, or blades, between which wafers are
baked.
 -- Wafer woman, a woman who sold wafer cakes; also, one employed in
amorous intrigues. Beau. & Fl.

WAFER
Wa"fer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wafered; p. pr. & vb. n. Wafering.]

Defn: To seal or close with a wafer.

WAFERER
Wa"fer*er, n.

Defn: A dealer in the cakes called wafers; a confectioner. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

WAFFLE
Waffle, n. Etym: [D. wafel. See Wafer.]

1. A thin cake baked and then rolled; a wafer.

2. A soft indented cake cooked in a waffle iron. Waffle iron, an iron
utensil or mold made in two parts shutting together, -- used for
cooking waffles over a fire.

WAFT
Waft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wafted; p. pr. & vb. n. Wafting.] Etym:
[Prob. originally imp. & p. p. of wave, v. t. See Wave to waver.]

1. To give notice to by waving something; to wave the hand to; to
beckon. [Obs.]
But soft: who wafts us yonder Shak.

2. To cause to move or go in a wavy manner, or by the impulse of
waves, as of water or air; to bear along on a buoyant medium; as, a
balloon was wafted over the channel.
A gentle wafting to immortal life. Milton.
Speed the soft intercourse from soul to soul, And waft a sigh from
Indus to the pole. Pope.

3. To cause to float; to keep from sinking; to buoy. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

Note: This verb is regular; but waft was formerly somwafted.

WAFT
Waft, v. i.

Defn: To be moved, or to pass, on a buoyant medium; to float.
And now the shouts waft near the citadel. Dryden.

WAFT
Waft, n.

1. A wave or current of wind. "Everywaft of the air." Longfellow.
In this dire season, oft the whirlwind's wing Sweeps up the burden of
whole wintry plains In one wide waft. Thomson.

2. A signal made by waving something, as a flag, in the air.

3. An unpleasant flavor. [Obs.]

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A knot, or stop, in the middle of a flag. [Written also wheft.]

Note: A flag with a waft in it, when hoisted at the staff, or half
way to the gaff, means, a man overboard; at the peak, a desire to
communicate; at the masthead, "Recall boats."

WAFTAGE
Waft"age, n.

Defn: Conveyance on a buoyant medium, as air or water. Shak.
Boats prepared for waftage to and fro. Drayton.

WAFTER
Waft"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, wafts.
O Charon, Thou wafter of the soul to bliss or bane. Beau. & FL.

2. A boat for passage. Ainsworth.

WAFTURE
Waf"ture, n.

Defn: The act of waving; a wavelike motion; a waft. R. Browning.
An angry wafture of your hand. Shak.

WAG
Wag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Wagging.] Etym: [OE.
waggen; probably of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. vagga to rock a cradle,
vagga cradle, Icel. vagga, Dan. vugge; akin to AS. wagian to move,
wag, wegan to bear, carry, G. & D. bewegen to move, and E. weigh.
*136. See Weigh.]

Defn: To move one way and the other with quick turns; to shake to and
fro; to move vibratingly; to cause to vibrate, as a part of the body;
as, to wag the head.
No discerner durst wag his tongue in censure. Shak.
Every one that passeth thereby shall be astonished, and wag his head.
Jer. xviii. 16.

Note: Wag expresses specifically the motion of the head and body used
in buffoonery, mirth, derision, sport, and mockery.

WAG
Wag, v. i.

1. To move one way and the other; to be shaken to and fro; to
vibrate.
The resty sieve wagged ne'er the more. Dryden.

2. To be in action or motion; to move; to get along; to progress; to
stir. [Colloq.]
"Thus we may see," quoth he, "how the world wags." Shak.

3. To go; to depart; to pack oft. [R.]
I will provoke him to 't, or let him wag. Shak.

WAG
Wag, n. Etym: [From Wag, v.]

1. The act of wagging; a shake; as, a wag of the head. [Colloq.]

2. Etym: [Perhaps shortened from wag-halter a rogue.]

Defn: A man full of sport and humor; a ludicrous fellow; a humorist;
a wit; a joker.
We wink at wags when they offend. Dryden.
A counselor never pleaded without a piece of pack thread in his hand,
which he used to twist about a finger all the while he was speaking;
the wags used to call it the thread of his discourse. Addison.

WAGATI
Wa*ga"ti, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small East Indian wild cat (Felis wagati), regarded by some
as a variety of the leopard cat.

WAGE
Wage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Waged; p. pr. & vb. n. Waging.] Etym: [OE.
wagen, OF. wagier, gagier, to pledge, promise, F. gager to wager,
lay, bet, fr. LL. wadium a pledge; of Teutonic origin; cf. Goth. wadi
a pledge, gawadjon to pledge, akin to E. wed, G. wette a wager. See
Wed, and cf. Gage.]

1. To pledge; to hazard on the event of a contest; to stake; to bet,
to lay; to wager; as, to wage a dollar. Hakluyt.
My life I never but as a pawn To wage against thy enemies. Shak.

2. To expose one's self to, as a risk; to incur, as a danger; to
venture; to hazard. "Too weak to wage an instant trial with the
king." Shak.
To wake and wage a danger profitless. Shak.

3. To engage in, as a contest, as if by previous gage or pledge; to
carry on, as a war.
[He pondered] which of all his sons was fit To reign and wage
immortal war with wit. Dryden.
The two are waging war, and the one triumphs by the destruction of
the other. I. Taylor.

4. To adventure, or lay out, for hire or reward; to hire out. [Obs.]
"Thou . . . must wage thy works for wealth." Spenser.

5. To put upon wages; to hire; to employ; to pay wages to. [Obs.]
Abundance of treasure which he had in store, wherewith he might wage
soldiers. Holinshed.
I would have them waged for their labor. Latimer.

6. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: To give security for the performance of. Burrill. To wage
battle (O. Eng. Law), to give gage, or security, for joining in the
duellum, or combat. See Wager of battel, under Wager, n. Burrill.
 -- To wage one's law (Law), to give security to make one's law. See
Wager of law, under Wager, n.

WAGE
Wage, v. i.

Defn: To bind one's self; to engage. [Obs.]

WAGE
Wage, n. Etym: [OF. wage, gage, guarantee, engagement. See Wage, v.
t. ]

1. That which is staked or ventured; that for which one incurs risk
or danger; prize; gage. [Obs.] "That warlike wage." Spenser.

2. That for which one labors; meed; reward; stipulated payment for
service performed; hire; pay; compensation; -- at present generally
used in the plural. See Wages. "My day's wage." Sir W. Scott. "At
least I earned my wage." Thackeray. "Pay them a wage in advance." J.
Morley. "The wages of virtue." Tennyson.
By Tom Thumb, a fairy page, He sent it, and doth him engage, By
promise of a mighty wage, It secretly to carry. Drayton.
Our praises are our wages. Shak.
Existing legislation on the subject of wages. Encyc. Brit.

Note: Wage is used adjectively and as the first part of compounds
which are usually self-explaining; as, wage worker, or wage-worker;
wage-earner, etc. Board wages. See under 1st Board.

Syn.
 -- Hire; reward; stipend; salary; allowance; pay; compensation;
remuneration; fruit.

WAGEL
Wag"el, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Waggel.

WAGENBOOM
Wa"gen*boom`, n. Etym: [D., literally, wagon tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A south African proteaceous tree (Protea grandiflora); also,
its tough wood, used for making wagon wheels.

WAGER
Wa"ger, n. Etym: [OE. wager, wajour, OF. wagiere, or wageure, E.
gageure. See Wage, v. t.]

1. Something deposited, laid, or hazarded on the event of a contest
or an unsettled question; a bet; a stake; a pledge.
Besides these plates for horse races, the wagers may be as the
persons please. Sir W. Temple.
If any atheist can stake his soul for a wager against such an
inexhaustible disproportion, let him never hereafter accuse others of
credulity. Bentley.

2. (Law)

Defn: A contract by which two parties or more agree that a certain
sum of money, or other thing, shall be paid or delivered to one of
them, on the happening or not happening of an uncertain event.
Bouvier.

Note: At common law a wager is considered as a legal contract which
the courts must enforce unless it be on a subject contrary to public
policy, or immoral, or tending to the detriment of the public, or
affecting the interest, feelings, or character of a third person. In
many of the United States an action can not be sustained upon any
wager or bet. Chitty. Bouvier.

3. That on which bets are laid; the subject of a bet. Wager of
battel, or Wager of battle (O. Eng. Law), the giving of gage, or
pledge, for trying a cause by single combat, formerly allowed in
military, criminal, and civil causes. In writs of right, where the
trial was by champions, the tenant produced his champion, who, by
throwing down his glove as a gage, thus waged, or stipulated, battle
with the champion of the demandant, who, by taking up the glove,
accepted the challenge. The wager of battel, which has been long in
disuse, was abolished in England in 1819, by a statute passed in
consequence of a defendant's having waged his battle in a case which
arose about that period. See Battel.
 -- Wager of law (Law), the giving of gage, or sureties, by a
defendant in an action of debt, that at a certain day assigned he
would take a law, or oath, in open court, that he did not owe the
debt, and at the same time bring with him eleven neighbors (called
compurgators), who should avow upon their oaths that they believed in
their consciences that he spoke the truth.
 -- Wager policy. (Insurance Law) See under Policy.

WAGER
Wa"ger, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wagered; p. pr. & vb. n. Wagering.]

Defn: To hazard on the issue of a contest, or on some question that
is to be decided, or on some casualty; to lay; to stake; to bet.
And wagered with him Pieces of gold 'gainst this which he wore. Shak.

WAGER
Wa"ger, v. i.

Defn: To make a bet; to lay a wager.
'T was merry when You wagered on your angling. Shak.

WAGERER
Wa"ger*er, n.

Defn: One who wagers, or lays a bet.

WAGERING
Wa"ger*ing, a.

Defn: Hazarding; pertaining to the act of one who wagers. Wagering
policy. (Com.) See Wager policy, under Policy.

WAGES
Wa"ges, n. plural in termination, but singular in signification.
Etym: [Plural of wage; cf. F. gages, pl., wages, hire. See Wage, n.]

Defn: A compensation given to a hired person for services; price paid
for labor; recompense; hire. See Wage, n., 2.
The wages of sin is death. Rom. vi. 23.
Wages fund (Polit. Econ.), the aggregate capital existing at any time
in any country, which theoretically is unconditionally destined to be
paid out in wages. It was formerly held, by Mill and other political
economists, that the average rate of wages in any country at any time
depended upon the relation of the wages fund to the number of
laborers. This theory has been greatly modified by the discovery of
other conditions affecting wages, which it does not take into
account. Encyc. Brit.

Syn.
 -- See under Wage, n.

WAGGEL
Wag"gel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The young of the great black-backed gull (Larus marinus),
formerly considered a distinct species. [Prov. Eng.]

WAGGERY
Wag"ger*y, n.; pl. Waggeries. Etym: [From Wag.]

Defn: The manner or action of a wag; mischievous merriment; sportive
trick or gayety; good-humored sarcasm; pleasantry; jocularity; as,
the waggery of a schoolboy. Locke.
A drollery and lurking waggery of expression. W. Irving.

WAGGIE
Wag"gie, n.

Defn: The pied wagtail. [Prov. Eng.]

WAGGISH
Wag"gish, a.

1. Like a wag; mischievous in sport; roguish in merriment or good
humor; frolicsome. "A company of waggish boys." L'Estrange.

2. Done, made, or laid in waggery or for sport; sportive; humorous;
as, a waggish trick.
 -- Wag"gish*ly, adv.
 -- Wag"gish*ness, n.

WAGGLE
Wag"gle, v. i. Etym: [Freq. of wag; cf. D. waggelen, G. wackeln.]

Defn: To reel, sway, or move from side to side; to move with a
wagging motion; to waddle.
Why do you go nodding and waggling so L'Estrange.

WAGGLE
Wag"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Waggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Waggling.]

Defn: To move frequently one way and the other; to wag; as, a bird
waggles his tail.

WAG-HALTER
Wag"-hal`ter, n. Etym: [Wag + halter.]

Defn: One who moves or wears a halter; one likely to be hanged.
[Colloq. & Obs.]
I can tell you, I am a mad wag-halter. Marston.

WAGNERIAN
Wag*ne"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling the style of, Richard Wagner,
the German musical composer.

WAGNERITE
Wag"ner*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A fluophosphate of magnesia, occurring in yellowish crystals,
and also in massive forms.

WAGON
Wag"on, n. Etym: [D. wagen. sq. root136. See Wain.]

1. A wheeled carriage; a vehicle on four wheels, and usually drawn by
horses; especially, one used for carrying freight or merchandise.

Note: In the United States, light wagons are used for the conveyance
of persons and light commodities.

2. A freight car on a railway. [Eng.]

3. A chariot [Obs.] Spenser.

4. (Astron.)

Defn: The Dipper, or Charles's Wain.

Note: This word and its compounds are often written with two g's
(waggon, waggonage, etc.), chiefly in England. The forms wagon,
wagonage, etc., are, however, etymologically preferable, and in the
United States are almost universally used. Wagon boiler. See the Note
under Boiler, 3.
 -- Wagon ceiling (Arch.), a semicircular, or wagon-headed, arch or
ceiling; -- sometimes used also of a ceiling whose section is
polygonal instead of semicircular.
 -- Wagon master, an officer or person in charge of one or more
wagons, especially of those used for transporting freight, as the
supplies of an army, and the like.
 -- Wagon shoe, a skid, or shoe, for retarding the motion of a wagon
wheel; a drag.
 -- Wagon vault. (Arch.) See under 1st Vault.

WAGON
Wag"on, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wagoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Wagoning.]

Defn: To transport in a wagon or wagons; as, goods are wagoned from
city to city.

WAGON
Wag"on, v. i.

Defn: To wagon goods as a business; as, the man wagons between
Philadelphia and its suburbs.

WAGONAGE
Wag"on*age, n.

1. Money paid for carriage or conveyance in wagon.

2. A collection of wagons; wagons, collectively.
Wagonage, provender, and a piece or two of cannon. Carlyle.

WAGONER
Wag"on*er, n.

1. One who conducts a wagon; one whose business it is to drive a
wagon.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The constellation Charles's Wain, or Ursa Major. See Ursa
major, under Ursa.

WAGONETTE
Wag`on*ette", n.

Defn: A kind of pleasure wagon, uncovered and with seats extended
along the sides, designed to carry six or eight persons besides the
driver.

WAGONFUL
Wag"on*ful, n.; pl. Wagonfuls (.

Defn: As much as a wagon will hold; enough to fill a wagon; a
wagonload.

WAGON-HEADED
Wag"on-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a top, or head, shaped like the top of a covered wagon,
or resembling in section or outline an inverted U, thus as, a
wagonheaded ceiling.

WAGONLOAD
Wag"on*load`, n.

Defn: Same as Wagonful.

WAGON-ROOFED
Wag"on-roofed`, a.

Defn: Having a roof, or top, shaped like an inverted U; wagon-headed.

WAGONRY
Wag"on*ry, n.

Defn: Conveyance by means of a wagon or wagons. [Obs.] Milton.

WAGONWRIGHT
Wag"on*wright`, n.

Defn: One who makes wagons.

WAGTAIL
Wag"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of many species of Old World singing birds belonging to
Motacilla and several allied genera of the family Motacillidæ. They
have the habit of constantly jerking their long tails up and down,
whence the name. Field wagtail, any one of several species of
wagtails of the genus Budytes having the tail shorter, the legs
longer, and the hind claw longer and straighter, than do the water
wagtails. Most of the species are yellow beneath. Called also yellow
wagtail.
 -- Garden wagtail, the Indian black-breasted wagtail (Nemoricola
Indica).
 -- Pied wagtail, the common European water wagtail (Motacilla
lugubris). It is variegated with black and white. The name is applied
also to other allied species having similar colors. Called also pied
dishwasher.
 -- Wagtail flycatcher, a true flycatcher (Sauloprocta motacilloides)
common in Southern Australia, where it is very tame, and frequents
stock yards and gardens and often builds its nest about houses; --
called also black fantail.
 -- Water wagtail. (a) Any one of several species of wagtails of the
restricted genus Motacilla. They live chiefly on the shores of ponds
and streams. (b) The American water thrush. See Water thrush.
 -- Wood wagtail, an Asiatic wagtail; (Calobates sulphurea) having a
slender bill and short legs.

WAH
Wah (wä), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The panda.

WAHABEE
Wa*ha"bee, n. Etym: [Ar. wahabi.]

Defn: A follower of Abdel Wahab (b. 1691; d. 1787), a reformer of
Mohammedanism. His doctrines prevail particularly among the Bedouins,
and the sect, though checked in its influence, extends to most parts
of Arabia, and also into India. [Written also Wahaby.]

WAHOO
Wa*hoo", n. Any of various American trees or shrubs; specif.:
 (a) A certain shrub (Evonymus atropurpureus) having purple capsules
which in dehiscence expose the scarlet-ariled seeds; -- called also
burning bush.
 (b) Cascara buckthorn.
 (c) Basswood.

WAHOO
Wa*hoo", n.

Defn: A dark blue scombroid food fish (Acanthocibium solandri or
petus) of Florida and the West Indies.

WAID
Waid, a. Etym: [For weighed.]

Defn: Oppressed with weight; crushed; weighed down. [Obs.] Tusser.

WAIF
Waif, n. Etym: [OF. waif, gaif, as adj., lost, unclaimed, chose gaive
a waif, LL. wayfium, res vaivae; of Scand. origin. See Waive.]

1. (Eng. Law.)

Defn: Goods found of which the owner is not known; originally, such
goods as a pursued thief threw away to prevent being apprehended,
which belonged to the king unless the owner made pursuit of the
felon, took him, and brought him to justice. Blackstone.

2. Hence, anything found, or without an owner; that which comes
along, as it were, by chance. "Rolling in his mind old waifs of
rhyme." Tennyson.

3. A wanderer; a castaway; a stray; a homeless child.
A waif Desirous to return, and not received. Cowper.

WAIFT
Waift, n.

Defn: A waif. [Obs.] Spenser.

WAIL
Wail, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Icel. val choice, velja to choose, akin to
Goth. waljan, G. wählen.]

Defn: To choose; to select. [Obs.] "Wailed wine and meats." Henryson.

WAIL
Wail, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Wailing.] Etym:
[OE. wailen, weilen, probably fr. Icel. væla; cf. Icel. væ, vei, woe,
and E. wayment, also OE. wai, wei, woe. Cf. Woe.]

Defn: To lament; to bewail; to grieve over; as, to wail one's death.
Shak.

WAIL
Wail, v. i.

Defn: To express sorrow audibly; to make mournful outcry; to weep.
Therefore I will wail and howl. Micah i. 8.

WAIL
Wail, n.

Defn: Loud weeping; violent lamentation; wailing. "The wail of the
forest." Longfellow.

WAILER
Wail"er, n.

Defn: One who wails or laments.

WAILERESS
Wail"er*ess, n.

Defn: A woman who wails. [Obs.]

WAILFUL
Wail"ful, a.

Defn: Sorrowful; mournful. " Like wailful widows." Spenser. "Wailful
sonnets." Shak.

WAILINGLY
Wail"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a wailing manner.

WAILMENT
Wail"ment, n.

Defn: Lamentation; loud weeping; wailing. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket.

WAIMENT
Wai"ment. v. & n.

Defn: See Wayment. [Obs.]

WAIN
Wain, n. Etym: [OE. wain, AS. wægn; akin to D. & G. wagen, OHG.
wagan, Icel. & Sw. vagn, Dan. vogn, and E. way. Way, Weigh, and cf.
Wagon.]

1. A four-wheeled vehicle for the transportation of goods, produce,
etc.; a wagon.
The wardens see nothing but a wain of hay. Jeffrey.
Driving in ponderous wains their household goods to the seashore.
Longfellow.

2. A chariot. [Obs.] The Wain. (Astron.) See Charles's Wain, in the
Vocabulary.
 -- Wain rope, a cart rope. Shak.

WAINABLE
Wain"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being plowed or cultivated; arable; tillable. [Obs.]
Cowell.

WAINAGE
Wain"age (; 48), n. Etym: [From Wain.]

Defn: A finding of carriages, carts, etc., for the transportation of
goods, produce, etc. Ainsworth.

WAINAGE
Wain"age, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: See Gainage, a.

WAINBOTE
Wain"bote`, n. Etym: [Wain + bote.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: See Cartbote. See also the Note under Bote.

WAINSCOT
Wain"scot, n. Etym: [OD. waeghe-schot, D. wagen-schot, a clapboard,
fr. OD. waeg, weeg, a wall (akin to AS. wah; cf. Icel. veggr) + schot
a covering of boards (akin to E. shot, shoot).]

1. Oaken timber or boarding. [Obs.]
A wedge wainscot is fittest and most proper for cleaving of an oaken
tree. Urquhart.
Inclosed in a chest of wainscot. J. Dart.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A wooden lining or boarding of the walls of apartments, usually
made in panels.

3.
3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of European moths of the family
Leucanidæ.

Note: They are reddish or yellowish, streaked or lined with black and
white. Their larvæ feed on grasses and sedges.

WAINSCOT
Wain"scot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wainscoted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Wainscoting.]

Defn: To line with boards or panelwork, or as if with panelwork; as,
to wainscot a hall.
Music soundeth better in chambers wainscoted than hanged. Bacon.
The other is wainscoted with looking-glass. Addison.

WAINSCOTING
Wain"scot*ing, n.

1. The act or occupation of covering or lining with boards in panel.

2. The material used to wainscot a house, or the wainscot as a whole;
panelwork.

WAINWRIGHT
Wain"wright`, n.

Defn: Same as Wagonwright.

WAIR
Wair, n. (Carp.)

Defn: A piece of plank two yard Bailey.

WAIST
Waist, n. Etym: [OE. wast; originally, growth, akin to AS. weaxan to
grow; cf. AS. wæstm growth. See Wax to grow.]

1. That part of the human body which is immediately below the ribs or
thorax; the small part of the body between the thorax and hips.
Chaucer.
I am in the waist two yards about. Shak.

2. Hence, the middle part of other bodies; especially (Naut.), that
part of a vessel's deck, bulwarks, etc., which is between the
quarter-deck and the forecastle; the middle part of the ship.

3. A garment, or part of a garment, which covers the body from the
neck or shoulders to the waist line.

4. A girdle or belt for the waist. [Obs.] Shak. Waist anchor. See
Sheet anchor, 1, in the Vocabulary.

WAISTBAND
Waist"band, n.

1. The band which encompasses the waist; esp., one on the upper part
of breeches, trousers, pantaloons, skirts, or the like.

2. A sash worn by women around the waist. [R.]

WAISTCLOTH
Waist"cloth, n.

1. A cloth or wrapper worn about the waist; by extension, such a
garment worn about the hips and passing between the thighs.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A covering of canvas or tarpaulin for the hammocks, stowed on
the nettings, between the quarterdeck and the forecastle.

WAISTCOAT
Waist"coat, n.
(a) A short, sleeveless coat or garment for men, worn under the coat,
extending no lower than the hips, and covering the waist; a vest.
(b) A garment occasionally worn by women as a part of fashionable
costume.

Note: The waistcoat was a part of female attire as well as male . . .
It was only when the waistcoat was worn without a gown or upper dress
that it was considered the mark of a mad or profligate woman. Nares.

Syn.
 -- See Vest.

WAISTCOATEER
Waist`coat*eer", n.

Defn: One wearing a waistcoat; esp., a woman wearing one uncovered,
or thought fit for such a habit; hence, a loose woman; strumpet.
[Obs.]
Do you think you are here, sir, Amongst your waistcoateers, your base
wenches Beau. & Fl.

WAISTCOATING
Waist"coat*ing, n.

Defn: A fabric designed for waistcoats; esp., one in which there is a
pattern, differently colored yarns being used.

WAISTER
Waist"er, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A seaman, usually a green hand or a broken-down man, stationed
in the waist of a vessel of war. R. H. Dana, Jr.

WAIT
Wait, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waited; p. pr. & vb. n. Waiting.] Etym:
[OE. waiten, OF. waitier, gaitier, to watch, attend, F. guetter to
watch, to wait for, fr. OHG. wahta a guard, watch, G. wacht, from
OHG. wahhen to watch, be awake. *134. See Wake, v. i.]

1. To watch; to observe; to take notice. [Obs.]
"But [unless] ye wait well and be privy, I wot right well, I am but
dead," quoth she. Chaucer.

2. To stay or rest in expectation; to stop or remain stationary till
the arrival of some person or event; to rest in patience; to stay;
not to depart.
All the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come.
Job xiv. 14.
They also serve who only stand and wait. Milton.
Haste, my dear father; 't is no time to wait. Dryden.

To wait on or upon. (a) To attend, as a servant; to perform services
for; as, to wait on a gentleman; to wait on the table. "Authority and
reason on her wait." Milton. "I must wait on myself, must I" Shak.
(b) To attend; to go to see; to visit on business or for ceremony.
(c) To follow, as a consequence; to await. "That ruin that waits on
such a supine temper." Dr. H. More. (d) To look watchfully at; to
follow with the eye; to watch. [R.] "It is a point of cunning to wait
upon him with whom you speak with your eye." Bacon. (e) To attend to;
to perform. "Aaron and his sons . . . shallwait on their priest's
office." Num. iii. 10. (f) (Falconry) To fly above its master,
waiting till game is sprung; -- said of a hawk. Encyc. Brit.

WAIT
Wait, v. t.

1. To stay for; to rest or remain stationary in expectation of; to
await; as, to wait orders.
Awed with these words, in camps they still abide, And wait with
longing looks their promised guide. Dryden.

2. To attend as a consequence; to follow upon; to accompany; to
await. [Obs.]

3. To attend on; to accompany; especially, to attend with ceremony or
respect. [Obs.]
He chose a thousand horse, the flower of all His warlike troops, to
wait the funeral. Dryden.
Remorse and heaviness of heart shall wait thee, And everlasting
anguish be thy portion. Rowe.

4. To cause to wait; to defer; to postpone; -- said of a meal; as, to
wait dinner. [Colloq.]

WAIT
Wait, n. Etym: [OF. waite, guaite, gaite, F. guet watch, watching,
guard, from OHG. wahta. See Wait, v. i.]

1. The act of waiting; a delay; a halt.
There is a wait of three hours at the border Mexican town of El Paso.
S. B. Griffin.

2. Ambush. "An enemy in wait." Milton.

3. One who watches; a watchman. [Obs.]

4. pl.

Defn: Hautboys, or oboes, played by town musicians; not used in the
singular. [Obs.] Halliwell.

5. pl.

Defn: Musicians who sing or play at night or in the early morning,
especially at Christmas time; serenaders; musical watchmen. [Written
formerly wayghtes.]
Hark! are the waits abroad Beau & Fl.
The sound of the waits, rude as may be their minstrelsy, breaks upon
the mild watches of a winter night with the effect of perfect
harmony. W. Irving.
To lay wait, to prepare an ambuscade.
 -- To lie in wait. See under 4th Lie.

WAIT-A-BIT
Wait"-a-bit`, n.

Defn: Any of several plants bearing thorns or stiff hooked
appendages, which catch and tear the clothing, as:
 (a) The greenbrier.
 (b) Any of various species of hawthorn.
 (c) In South Africa, one of numerous acacias and mimosas.
 (d) The grapple plant.
 (e) The prickly ash.

WAITER
Wait"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, waits; an attendant; a servant in
attendance, esp. at table.
The waiters stand in ranks; the yeomen cry, "Make room," as if a duke
were passing by. Swift.

2. A vessel or tray on which something is carried, as dishes, etc.; a
salver. Coast waiter. See under Coast, n.

WAITING
Wait"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Wait, v. In waiting, in attendance; as, lords in
waiting. [Eng.] -- Waiting gentlewoman, a woman who waits upon a
person of rank.
 -- Waiting maid, Waiting woman, a maid or woman who waits upon
another as a personal servant.

WAITINGLY
Wait"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By waiting.

WAITRESS
Wait"ress, n.

Defn: A female waiter or attendant; a waiting maid or waiting woman.

WAIT--WHILE
Wait"-a-while`, n.
 (a) One of the Australian wattle trees (Acacia colletioides), so
called from the impenetrability of the thicket which it makes.
 (b) = Wait-a-bit.

WAIVE
Waive, n. Etym: [See Waive, v. t. ]

1. A waif; a castaway. [Obs.] Donne.

2. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A woman put out of the protection of the law. See Waive, v. t.,
3 (b), and the Note.

WAIVE
Waive, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Waived; p. pr. & vb. n. Waiving.] Etym:
[OE. waiven, weiven, to set aside, remove, OF. weyver, quesver, to
waive, of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. veifa to wave, to vibrate, akin to
Skr. vip to tremble. Cf. Vibrate, Waif.] [Written also wave.]

1. To relinquish; to give up claim to; not to insist on or claim; to
refuse; to forego.
He waiveth milk, and flesh, and all. Chaucer.
We absolutely do renounce or waive our own opinions, absolutely
yielding to the direction of others. Barrow.

2. To throw away; to cast off; to reject; to desert.

3. (Law)
(a) To throw away; to relinquish voluntarily, as a right which one
may enforce if he chooses. (b) (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: To desert; to abandon. Burrill.

Note: The term was applied to a woman, in the same sense as outlaw to
a man. A woman could not be outlawed, in the proper sense of the
word, because, according to Bracton, she was never in law, that is,
in a frankpledge or decennary; but she might be waived, and held as
abandoned. Burrill.

WAIVE
Waive, v. i.

Defn: To turn aside; to recede. [Obs.]
To waive from the word of Solomon. Chaucer.

WAIVER
Waiv"er, n. (Law)

Defn: The act of waiving, or not insisting on, some right, claim, or
privilege.

WAIVURE
Waiv"ure, n.

Defn: See Waiver. [R.]

WAIWODE
Wai"wode, n.

Defn: See Waywode.

WAI WU PU
Wai Wu Pu. [Chinese wai foreign + wu affairs + pu office.]

Defn: The Department of Foreign Affairs in the Chinese government.

The Tsung-li Yamen, or Foreign Office, created by a decree of January
19, 1861, was in July, 1902, superseded by the formation of a new
Foreign Office called the Wai Wu Pu, . . . with precedence before all
other boards.
J. Scott Keltie.

WAKE
Wake, n. Etym: [Originally, an open space of water svök a hole,
opening in ice, Sw. vak, Dan. vaage, perhaps akin to E. humid.]

Defn: The track left by a vessel in the water; by extension, any
track; as, the wake of an army.
This effect followed immediately in the wake of his earliest
exertions. De Quincey.
Several humbler persons . . . formed quite a procession in the dusty
wake of his chariot wheels. Thackeray.

WAKE
Wake, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waked or Woke (p. pr. & vb. n. Waking.]
Etym: [AS. wacan, wacian; akin to OFries. waka, OS. wak, D. waken, G.
wachen, OHG. wahh, Icel. vaka, Sw. vaken, Dan. vaage, Goth. wakan, v.
i., uswakjan, v. t., Skr. vajay to rouse, to impel. Vigil, Wait, v.
i., Watch, v. i.]

1. To be or to continue awake; to watch; not to sleep.
The father waketh for the daughter. Ecclus. xlii. 9.
Though wisdom wake, suspicion sleeps. Milton.
I can not think any time, waking or sleeping, without being sensible
of it. Locke.

2. To sit up late festive purposes; to hold a night revel.
The king doth wake to-night, and takes his rouse, Keeps wassail, and
the swaggering upspring reels. Shak.

3. To be excited or roused from sleep; to awake; to be awakened; to
cease to sleep; -- often with up.
He infallibly woke up at the sound of the concluding doxology. G.
Eliot.

4. To be exited or roused up; to be stirred up from a dormant,
torpid, or inactive state; to be active.
Gentle airs due at their hour To fan the earth now waked. Milton.
Then wake, my soul, to high desires. Keble.

WAKE
Wake, v. t.

1. To rouse from sleep; to awake.
The angel . . . came again and waked me. Zech. iv. 1.

2. To put in motion or action; to arouse; to excite. "I shall waken
all this company." Chaucer.
Lest fierce remembrance wake my sudden rage. Milton.
Even Richard's crusade woke little interest in his island realm. J.
R. Green.

3. To bring to life again, as if from the sleep of death; to
reanimate; to revive.
To second life Waked in the renovation of the just. Milton.

4. To watch, or sit up with, at night, as a dead body.

WAKE
Wake, n.

1. The act of waking, or being awaked; also, the state of being
awake. [Obs. or Poetic]
Making such difference 'twixt wake and sleep. Shak.
Singing her flatteries to my morning wake. Dryden.

2. The state of forbearing sleep, especially for solemn or festive
purposes; a vigil.
The warlike wakes continued all the night, And funeral games played
at new returning light. Dryden.
The wood nymphs, decked with daises trim, Their merry wakes and
pastimes keep. Milton.

3. Specifically:
(a) (Ch. of Eng.) An annual parish festival formerly held in
commemoration of the dedication of a church. Originally, prayers were
said on the evening preceding, and hymns were sung during the night,
in the church; subsequently, these vigils were discontinued, and the
day itself, often with succeeding days, was occupied in rural
pastimes and exercises, attended by eating and drinking, often to
excess.
Great solemnities were made in all churches, and great fairs and
wakes throughout all England. Ld. Berners.
And every village smokes at wakes with lusty cheer. Drayton.

(b) The sitting up of persons with a dead body, often attended with a
degree of festivity, chiefly among the Irish. "Blithe as shepherd at
a wake." Cowper. Wake play, the ceremonies and pastimes connected
with a wake. See Wake, n., 3 (b), above. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WAKEFUL
Wake"ful, a.

Defn: Not sleeping; indisposed to sleep; watchful; vigilant.
Dissembling sleep, but wakeful with the fright. Dryden.
-- Wake"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Wake"ful*ness, n.

WAKEN
Wak"en, v. i. [imp. & p. pr. Wakened; p. pr. & vb. n. Wakening.]
Etym: [OE. waknen, AS. wæcnan; akin to Goth. gawaknan. See Wake, v.
i.]

Defn: To wake; to cease to sleep; to be awakened.
Early, Turnus wakening with the light. Dryden.

WAKEN
Wak"en, v. t.

1. To excite or rouse from sleep; to wake; to awake; to awaken. "Go,
waken Eve." Milton.

2. To excite; to rouse; to move to action; to awaken.
Then Homer's and Tyrtæus' martial muse Wakened the world. Roscommon.
Venus now wakes, and wakens love. Milton.
They introduce Their sacred song, and waken raptures high. Milton.

WAKENER
Wak"en*er, n.

Defn: One who wakens.

WAKENING
Wak"en*ing, n.

1. The act of one who wakens; esp., the act of ceasing to sleep; an
awakening.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: The revival of an action. Burrill.
They were too much ashamed to bring any wakening of the process
against Janet. Sir W. Scott.

WAKER
Wak"er, n.

Defn: One who wakes.

WAKE-ROBIN
Wake"-rob`in, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Arum, especially, in England, the
cuckoopint (Arum maculatum).

Note: In America the name is given to several species of Trillium,
and sometimes to the Jack-in-the-pulpit.

WAKETIME
Wake"time`, n.

Defn: Time during which one is awake. [R.] Mrs. Browning.

WAKF
Wakf (wukf), n. [Ar. waqf.] (Moham. Law)

Defn: The granting or dedication of property in trust for a pious
purpose, that is, to some object that tends to the good of mankind,
as to support a mosque or caravansary, to provide for support of
one's family, kin, or neighbors, to benefit some particular person or
persons and afterward the poor, etc.; also, the trust so created, or
the property in trust.

WAKIF
Wa"kif (wä"kif), n. [Ar. waqif.] (Moham. Law)

Defn: The person creating a wakf.

WAKING
Wak"ing, n.

1. The act of waking, or the state or period of being awake.

2. A watch; a watching. [Obs.] "Bodily pain . . . standeth in prayer,
in wakings, in fastings." Chaucer.
In the fourth waking of the night. Wyclif (Matt. xiv. 25).

WALAWAY
Wa"la*way, interj.

Defn: See Welaway. [Obs.]

WALD
Wald, n. Etym: [AS. weald. See Wold.]

Defn: A forest; -- used as a termination of names. See Weald.

WALDENSES
Wal*den"ses, n. pl. Etym: [So called from Petrus Waldus, or Peter
Waldo, a merchant of Lyons, who founded this sect about a. d. 1170.]
(Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A sect of dissenters from the ecclesiastical system of the
Roman Catholic Church, who in the 13th century were driven by
persecution to the valleys of Piedmont, where the sect survives. They
profess substantially Protestant principles.

WALDENSIAN
Wal*den"sian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Waldenses.
 -- n.

Defn: One Holding the Waldensian doctrines.

WALDGRAVE
Wald"grave, n. Etym: [See Wald, and Margrave.]

Defn: In the old German empire, the head forest keeper.

WALDHEIMIA
Wald*hei"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of brachiopods of which many species are found in the
fossil state. A few still exist in the deep sea.

WALE
Wale, n. Etym: [AS. walu a mark of stripes or blows, probably
originally, a rod; akin to Icel. völr, Goth. walus a rod, staff. sq.
root146. Cf. Goal, Weal a wale.]

1. A streak or mark made on the skin by a rod or whip; a stripe; a
wheal. See Wheal. Holland.

2. A ridge or streak rising above the surface, as of cloth; hence,
the texture of cloth.
Thou 'rt rougher far, And of a coarser wale, fuller of pride. Beau &
Fl.

3. (Carp.)

Defn: A timber bolted to a row of piles to secure them together and
in position. Knight.

4. (Naut.) (a) pl.

Defn: Certain sets or strakes of the outside planking of a vessel;
as, the main wales, or the strakes of planking under the port sills
of the gun deck; channel wales, or those along the spar deck, etc.
(b) A wale knot, or wall knot. Wale knot. (Naut.) See Wall knot,
under 1st Wall.

WALE
Wale, v. t.

1. To mark with wales, or stripes.

2. To choose; to select; specifically (Mining), to pick out the
refuse of (coal) by hand, in order to clean it. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

WALER
Wal"er, n. [From Wales, i.e., New South Wales.]

Defn: A horse imported from New South Wales; also, any Australian
horse. [Colloq.]  Kipling.

 The term originated in India, whither many horses are exported from
Australia (mostly from New South Wales), especially for the use of
cavalry.

WALHALLA
Wal*hal"la, n. Etym: [Cf. G. walhalla, See Valhalla.]

Defn: See Valhalla.

WALING
Wal"ing, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Same as Wale, n., 4.

WALK
Walk (wask), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Walked; p. pr. & vb. n. Walking.]
Etym: [OE. walken, probably from AS. wealcan to roll, turn, revolve,
akin to D. walken to felt hats, to work a hat, G. walken to full,
OHG. walchan to beat, to full, Icel. valka to roll, to stamp, Sw.
valka to full, to roll, Dan. valke to full; cf. Skr. valg to spring;
but cf. also AS. weallian to roam, ramble, G. wallen. sq. root130.]

1. To move along on foot; to advance by steps; to go on at a moderate
pace; specifically, of two-legged creatures, to proceed at a slower
or faster rate, but without running, or lifting one foot entirely
before the other touches the ground.
At the end of twelve months, he walked in the palace of the kingdom
of Babylon. Dan. iv. 29.
When Peter was come down out of the ship, he walked on the water, to
go to Jesus. Matt. xiv. 29.

Note: In the walk of quadrupeds, there are always two, and for a
brief space there are three, feet on the ground at once, but never
four.

2. To move or go on the feet for exercise or amusement; to take one's
exercise; to ramble.

3. To be stirring; to be abroad; to go restlessly about; -- said of
things or persons expected to remain quiet, as a sleeping person, or
the spirit of a dead person; to go about as a somnambulist or a
specter.
I have heard, but not believed, the spirits of the dead May walk
again. Shak.
When was it she last walked Shak.

4. To be in motion; to act; to move; to wag. [Obs.] "Her tongue did
walk in foul reproach." Spenser.
Do you think I'd walk in any plot B. Jonson.
I heard a pen walking in the chimney behind the cloth. Latimer.

5. To behave; to pursue a course of life; to conduct one's self.
We walk perversely with God, and he will walk crookedly toward us.
Jer. Taylor.

6. To move off; to depart. [Obs. or Colloq.]
He will make their cows and garrans to walk. Spenser.
To walk in, to go in; to enter, as into a house.
 -- To walk after the flesh (Script.), to indulge sensual appetites,
and to live in sin. Rom. viii. 1.
 -- To walk after the Spirit (Script.), to be guided by the counsels
and influences of the Spirit, and by the word of God. Rom. viii. 1.
 -- To walk by faith (Script.), to live in the firm belief of the
gospel and its promises, and to rely on Christ for salvation. 2 Cor.
v. 7.
 -- To walk in darkness (Script.), to live in ignorance, error, and
sin. 1 John i. 6.
 -- To walk in the flesh (Script.), to live this natural life, which
is subject to infirmities and calamities. 2 Cor. x. 3.
 -- To walk in the light (Script.), to live in the practice of
religion, and to enjoy its consolations. 1 John i. 7.
 -- To walk over, in racing, to go over a course at a walk; -- said
of a horse when there is no other entry; hence, colloquially, to gain
an easy victory in any contest.
 -- To walk through the fire (Script.), to be exercised with severe
afflictions. Isa. xliii. 2.
 -- To walk with God (Script.), to live in obedience to his commands,
and have communion with him.

WALK
Walk, v. t.

1. To pass through, over, or upon; to traverse; to perambulate; as,
to walk the streets.
As we walk our earthly round. Keble.

2. To cause to walk; to lead, drive, or ride with a slow pace; as to
walk one's horses. " I will rather trust . . . a thief to walk my
ambling gelding." Shak.

3. Etym: [AS. wealcan to roll. See Walk to move on foot.]

Defn: To subject, as cloth or yarn, to the fulling process; to full.
[Obs. or Scot.] To walk the plank, to walk off the plank into the
water and be drowned; -- an expression derived from the practice of
pirates who extended a plank from the side of a ship, and compelled
those whom they would drown to walk off into the water; figuratively,
to vacate an office by compulsion. Bartlett.

WALK
Walk, n.

1. The act of walking, or moving on the feet with a slow pace;
advance without running or leaping.

2. The act of walking for recreation or exercise; as, a morning walk;
an evening walk.

3. Manner of walking; gait; step; as, we often know a person at a
distance by his walk.

4. That in or through which one walks; place or distance walked over;
a place for walking; a path or avenue prepared for foot passengers,
or for taking air and exercise; way; road; hence, a place or region
in which animals may graze; place of wandering; range; as, a sheep
walk.
A woody mountain . . . with goodliest trees Planted, with walks and
bowers. Milton.
He had walk for a hundred sheep. Latimer.
Amid the sound of steps that beat The murmuring walks like rain.
Bryant.

5. A frequented track; habitual place of action; sphere; as, the walk
of the historian.
The mountains are his walks. Sandys.
He opened a boundless walk for his imagination. Pope.

6. Conduct; course of action; behavior.

7. The route or district regularly served by a vender; as, a
milkman's walk. [Eng.]

WALKABLE
Walk"a*ble, a.

Defn: Fit to be walked on; capable of being walked on or over. [R.]
Swift.

WALKER
Walk"er, n.

1. One who walks; a pedestrian.

2. That with which one walks; a foot. [Obs.]
Lame Mulciber, his walkers quite misgrown. Chapman.

3. (Law)

Defn: A forest officer appointed to walk over a certain space for
inspection; a forester.

4. Etym: [AS. wealcere. See Walk, v. t., 3.]

Defn: A fuller of cloth. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
She cursed the weaver and the walker The cloth that had wrought.
Percy's Reliques.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any ambulatorial orthopterous insect, as a stick insect.

WALKING
Walk"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Walk, v. Walking beam. See Beam, 10.
 -- Walking crane, a kind of traveling crane. See under Crane.
 -- Walking fern. (Bot.) See Walking leaf, below.
 -- Walking fish (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Asiatic
fishes of the genus Ophiocephalus, some of which, as O. marulius,
become over four feet long. They have a special cavity over the gills
lined with a membrane adapted to retain moisture to aid in
respiration, and are thus able to travel considerable distances over
the land at night, whence the name. They construct a curious nest for
their young. Called also langya.
 -- Walking gentleman (Theater), an actor who usually fills
subordinate parts which require a gentlemanly appearance but few
words. [Cant] -- Walking lady (Theater), an actress who usually fills
such parts as require only a ladylike appearance on the stage. [Cant]
-- Walking leaf. (a) (Bot.) A little American fern (Camptosorus
rhizophyllus); -- so called because the fronds taper into slender
prolongations which often root at the apex, thus producing new
plants. (b) (Zoöl.) A leaf insect. See under Leaf.
 -- Walking papers, or Walking ticket, an order to leave; dismissal,
as from office. [Colloq.] Bartlett.
 -- Walking stick. (a) A stick or staff carried in the hand for hand
for support or amusement when walking; a cane. (b) (Zoöl.) A stick
insect; -- called also walking straw. See Illust. of Stick insect,
under Stick.
 -- Walking wheel (Mach.), a prime mover consisting of a wheel driven
by the weight of men or animals walking either in it or on it; a
treadwheel.

WALK-MILL
Walk"-mill`, n. Etym: [Walk to Walking Leaf, or full + mill.]

Defn: A fulling mill. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

WALK-OVER
Walk"-o`ver, n.

Defn: In racing, the going over a course by a horse which has no
competitor for the prize; hence, colloquially, a one-sided contest;
an uncontested, or an easy, victory.

WALKYR
Wal"kyr, n. (Scand. Myth.)

Defn: See Valkyria.

WALL
Wall, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A kind of knot often used at the end of a rope; a wall knot; a
wale. Wall knot, a knot made by unlaying the strands of a rope, and
making a bight with the first strand, then passing the second over
the end of the first, and the third over the end of the second and
through the bight of the first; a wale knot. Wall knots may be single
or double, crowned or double-crowned.

WALL
Wall, n. Etym: [AS. weall, from L. vallum a wall, vallus a stake,
pale, palisade; akin to Gr. Interval.]

1. A work or structure of stone, brick, or other materials, raised to
some height, and intended for defense or security, solid and
permanent inclosing fence, as around a field, a park, a town, etc.,
also, one of the upright inclosing parts of a building or a room.
The plaster of the wall of the King's palace. Dan. v. 5.

2. A defense; a rampart; a means of protection; in the plural,
fortifications, in general; works for defense.
The waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their
left. Ex. xiv. 22.
In such a night, Troilus, methinks, mounted the Troyan walls. Shak.
To rush undaunted to defend the walls. Dryden.

3. An inclosing part of a receptacle or vessel; as, the walls of a
steam-engine cylinder.

4. (Mining)
(a) The side of a level or drift.
(b) The country rock bounding a vein laterally. Raymond.

Note: Wall is often used adjectively, and also in the formation of
compounds, usually of obvious signification; as in wall paper, or
wall-paper; wall fruit, or wall-fruit; wallflower, etc. Blank wall,
Blind wall, etc. See under Blank, Blind, etc.
 -- To drive to the wall, to bring to extremities; to push to
extremes; to get the advantage of, or mastery over.
 -- To go to the wall, to be hard pressed or driven; to be the weaker
party; to be pushed to extremes.
 -- To take the wall. to take the inner side of a walk, that is, the
side next the wall; hence, to take the precedence. "I will take the
wall of any man or maid of Montague's." Shak.
 -- Wall barley (Bot.), a kind of grass (Hordeum murinum) much
resembling barley; squirrel grass. See under Squirrel.
 -- Wall box. (Mach.) See Wall frame, below.
 -- Wall creeper (Zoöl.), a small bright-colored bird (Tichodroma
muraria) native of Asia and Southern Europe. It climbs about over old
walls and cliffs in search of insects and spiders. Its body is ash-
gray above, the wing coverts are carmine-red, the primary quills are
mostly red at the base and black distally, some of them with white
spots, and the tail is blackish. Called also spider catcher.
 -- Wall cress (Bot.), a name given to several low cruciferous herbs,
especially to the mouse-ear cress. See under Mouse-ear.
 -- Wall frame (Mach.), a frame set in a wall to receive a pillow
block or bearing for a shaft passing through the wall; -- called also
wall box.
 -- Wall fruit, fruit borne by trees trained against a wall.
 -- Wall gecko (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World
geckos which live in or about buildings and run over the vertical
surfaces of walls, to which they cling by means of suckers on the
feet.
 -- Wall lizard (Zoöl.), a common European lizard (Lacerta muralis)
which frequents houses, and lives in the chinks and crevices of
walls; -- called also wall newt.
 -- Wall louse, a wood louse.
 -- Wall moss (Bot.), any species of moss growing on walls.
 -- Wall newt (Zoöl.), the wall lizard. Shak.
 -- Wall paper, paper for covering the walls of rooms; paper
hangings.
 -- Wall pellitory (Bot.), a European plant (Parictaria officinalis)
growing on old walls, and formerly esteemed medicinal.
 -- Wall pennywort (Bot.), a plant (Cotyledon Umbilicus) having
rounded fleshy leaves. It is found on walls in Western Europe.
 -- Wall pepper (Bot.), a low mosslike plant (Sedum acre) with small
fleshy leaves having a pungent taste and bearing yellow flowers. It
is common on walls and rocks in Europe, and is sometimes seen in
America.
 -- Wall pie (Bot.), a kind of fern; wall rue.
 -- Wall piece, a gun planted on a wall. H. L. Scott.
 -- Wall plate (Arch.), a piece of timber placed horizontally upon a
wall, and supporting posts, joists, and the like. See Illust. of
Roof.
 -- Wall rock, granular limestone used in building walls. [U. S.]
Bartlett.
 -- Wall rue (Bot.), a species of small fern (Asplenium Ruta-muraria)
growing on walls, rocks, and the like.
 -- Wall spring, a spring of water issuing from stratified rocks.
 -- Wall tent, a tent with upright cloth sides corresponding to the
walls of a house.
 -- Wall wasp (Zoöl.), a common European solitary wasp (Odynerus
parietus) which makes its nest in the crevices of walls.

WALL
Wall (, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Walled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Walling.]

1. To inclose with a wall, or as with a wall. "Seven walled towns of
strength." Shak.
The king of Thebes, Amphion, That with his singing walled that city.
Chaucer.

2. To defend by walls, or as if by walls; to fortify.
The terror of his name that walls us in. Denham.

3. To close or fill with a wall, as a doorway.

WALLABA
Wal"la*ba, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A leguminous tree (Eperua falcata) of Demerara, with pinnate
leaves and clusters of red flowers. The reddish brown wood is used
for palings and shingles. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).

WALLABY
Wal"la*by, n.; pl. Wallabies. Etym: [From a native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of kangaroos belonging to the genus
Halmaturus, native of Australia and Tasmania, especially the smaller
species, as the brush kangaroo (H. Bennettii) and the pademelon (H.
thetidis). The wallabies chiefly inhabit the wooded district and
bushy plains. [Written also wallabee, and whallabee.]

WALLACHIAN
Wal*la"chi*an, a. [Also Walachian, Wallach, Wallack, Vlach, etc.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Wallachia, a former principality, now part
of the kingdom, of Roumania. -- n.

Defn: An inhabitant of Wallachia; also, the language of the
Wallachians; Roumanian.

WALLACK
Wal"lack, a. & n.

Defn: See Wallachian.

WALLAH
Wal"lah, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A black variety of the jaguar; -- called also tapir tiger.
[Written also walla.]

WALLAROO
Wal`la*roo", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of kangaroos of the genus Macropus,
especially M. robustus, sometimes called the great wallaroo.

WALLBIRD
Wall"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The spotted flycatcher. [Prov. Eng.]

WALLER
Wall"er, n.

Defn: One who builds walls.

WALLER
Wall"er, n. Etym: [G.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wels.

WALLERIAN DEGENERATION
Wal*le"ri*an de*gen`er*a"tion. (Med.)

Defn: A form of degeneration occurring in nerve fibers as a result of
their division; -- so called from Dr. Waller, who published an
account of it in 1850.

WALLET
Wal"let, n. Etym: [OE. walet, probably the same word as OE. watel a
bag. See Wattle.]

1. A bag or sack for carrying about the person, as a bag for carrying
the necessaries for a journey; a knapsack; a beggar's receptacle for
charity; a peddler's pack.
[His hood] was trussed up in his walet. Chaucer.

2. A pocketbook for keeping money about the person.

3. Anything protuberant and swagging. "Wallets of flesh." Shak.

WALLETEER
Wal`let*eer", n.

Defn: One who carries a wallet; a foot traveler; a tramping beggar.
[Colloq.] Wright.

WALL-EYE
Wall"-eye`, n. Etym: [See Wall-eyed.]

1. An eye in which the iris is of a very light gray or whitish color;
-- said usually of horses. Booth.

Note: Jonson has defined wall-eye to be "a disease in the crystalline
humor of the eye; glaucoma." But glaucoma is not a disease of the
crystalline humor, nor is wall-eye a disease at all, but merely a
natural blemish. Tully. In the north of England, as Brockett states,
persons are said to be wall-eyed when the white of the eye is very
large and distorted, or on one side.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) An American fresh-water food fish (Stizostedion vitreum) having
large and prominent eyes; -- called also glasseye, pike perch, yellow
pike, and wall-eyed perch.
(b) A California surf fish (Holconotus argenteus).
(c) The alewife; -- called also wall-eyed herring.

WALL-EYED
Wall"-eyed`, a. Etym: [Icel. valdeygedhr, or vagleygr; fr. vagl a
beam, a beam in the eye (akin to Sw. vagel a roost, a perch, a sty in
the eye) + eygr having eyes (from auga eye). See Eye.]

Defn: Having an eye of a very light gray or whitish color. Booth.

Note: Shakespeare, in using wall-eyed as a term of reproach (as
"wall-eyed rage," a "wall-eyed wretch"), alludes probably to the idea
of unnatural or distorted vision. See the Note under Wall-eye. It is
an eye which is utterly and incurably perverted, an eye that knows no
pity.

WALLFLOWER
Wall"flow`er, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial, cruciferous plant (Cheiranthus Cheiri), with
sweet-scented flowers varying in color from yellow to orange and deep
red. In Europe it very common on old walls.

Note: The name is sometimes extended to other species of Cheiranthus
and of the related genus Erysimum, especially the American Western
wallflower (Erysimum asperum), a biennial herb with orange-yellow
flowers.

2. A lady at a ball, who, either from choice, or because not asked to
dance, remains a spectator. [Colloq.]

WALLHICK
Wall"hick`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lesser spotted woodpecker (Dryobates minor). [Prov. Eng.]

WALLING
Wall"ing, n.

1. The act of making a wall or walls.

2. Walls, in general; material for walls. Walling wax, a composition
of wax and tallow used by etchers and engravers to make a bank, or
wall, round the edge of a plate, so as to form a trough for holding
the acid used in etching, and the like. Fairholt.

WALLOONS
Wal*loons", n. pl.; sing. Walloon (. Etym: [Cf. F. wallon.]

Defn: A Romanic people inhabiting that part of Belgium which
comprises the provinces of Hainaut, Namur, Liége, and Luxembourg, and
about one third of Brabant; also, the language spoken by this people.
Used also adjectively. [Written also Wallons.] "A base Walloon . . .
thrust Talbot with a spear." Shak. Walloon guard, the bodyguard of
the Spanish monarch; -- so called because formerly consisting of
Walloons.

WALLOP
Wal"lop, v. i. Etym: [Cf. OFlem. walop a gallop; of uncertain origin.
Cf. Gallop.]

Defn: To move quickly, but with great effort; to gallop. [Prov. Eng.
& Scot.]

WALLOP
Wal"lop, n.

Defn: A quick, rolling movement; a gallop. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

WALLOP
Wal"lop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Walloped; p. pr. & vb. n. Walloping.]
Etym: [Probably fr. AS. weallan to spring up, to boil or bubble. sq.
root147. See Well, n. & v. i.]

1. To boil with a continued bubbling or heaving and rolling, with
noise. [Prov. Eng.] Brockett.

2. To move in a rolling, cumbersome manner; to waddle. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

3. To be slatternly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

WALLOP
Wal"lop, v. t.

1. To beat soundly; to flog; to whip. [Prov. Eng., Scot., & Colloq.
U. S.]

2. To wrap up temporarily. [Prov. Eng.]

3. To throw or tumble over. [Prov. Eng.]

WALLOP
Wal"lop, n.

1. A thick piece of fat. Halliwell.

2. A blow. [Prov. Eng., Scot., & Colloq. U.S.]

WALLOW
Wal"low, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wallowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Wallowing.]
Etym: [OE. walwen, AS. wealwian; akin to Goth. walwjan (in comp.) to
roll, L. volvere; cf. Skr. val to turn. *147. Cf. Voluble Well, n.]

1. To roll one's self about, as in mire; to tumble and roll about; to
move lazily or heavily in any medium; to flounder; as, swine wallow
in the mire.
I may wallow in the lily beds. Shak.

2. To live in filth or gross vice; to disport one's self in a beastly
and unworthy manner.
God sees a man wallowing in his native impurity. South.

3. To wither; to fade. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

WALLOW
Wal"low, v. t.

Defn: To roll; esp., to roll in anything defiling or unclean. "Wallow
thyself in ashes." Jer. vi. 26.

WALLOW
Wal"low, n.

Defn: A kind of rolling walk.
One taught the toss, and one the new French wallow. Dryden.

WALLOWER
Wal"low*er, n.

1. One who, or that which, wallows.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A lantern wheel; a trundle.

WALLOWISH
Wal"low*ish, a. Etym: [Scot. wallow to fade or wither.]

Defn: Flat; insipid. [Obs.] Overbury.

WALL-PLAT
Wall"-plat`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The spotted flycatcher. It builds its nest on walls. [Prov.
Eng.]

WALL-SIDED
Wall"-sid`ed, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Having sides nearly perpendicular; -- said of certain vessels
to distinguish them from those having flaring sides, or sides
tumbling home (see under Tumble, v. i.).

WALL STREET
Wall Street.

Defn: A street towards the southern end of the borough of Manhattan,
New York City, extending from Broadway to the East River; -- so
called from the old wall which extended along it when the city
belonged to the Dutch. It is the chief financial center of the United
States, hence the name is often used for the money market and the
financial interests of the country.

WALLWORT
Wall"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The dwarf elder, or danewort (Sambucus Ebulus).

WALM
Walm, v. i. Etym: [AS. weallan; cf. wælm, billow. *147.]

Defn: To roll; to spout; to boil up. [Obs.] Holland.

WALNUT
Wal"nut, n. Etym: [OE. walnot, AS. wealh-hnutu a Welsh or foreign
nut, a walnut; wealh foreign, strange, n., a Welshman, Celt (akin to
OHG. Walh, properly, a Celt, from the name of a Celtic tribe, in L.
Volcae) + hnutu a nut; akin to D. walnoot, G. walnuss, Icel. valhnot,
Sw. valnöt, Dan valnöd. See Nut, and cf. Welsh.] (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit or nut of any tree of the genus Juglans; also, the
tree, and its timber. The seven or eight known species are all
natives of the north temperate zone.

Note: In some parts of America, especially in New England, the name
walnut is given to several species of hickory (Carya), and their
fruit. Ash-leaved walnut, a tree (Juglans fraxinifolia), native in
Transcaucasia.
 -- Black walnut, a North American tree (J. nigra) valuable for its
purplish brown wood, which is extensively used in cabinetwork and for
gunstocks. The nuts are thick-shelled, and nearly globular.
 -- English, or European, walnut, a tree (J. regia), native of Asia
from the Caucasus to Japan, valuable for its timber and for its
excellent nuts, which are also called Madeira nuts.
 -- Walnut brown, a deep warm brown color, like that of the heartwood
of the black walnut.
 -- Walnut oil, oil extracted from walnut meats. It is used in
cooking, making soap, etc.
 -- White walnut, a North American tree (J. cinerea), bearing long,
oval, thick-shelled, oily nuts, commonly called butternuts. See
Butternut.

WALRUS
Wal"rus, n. Etym: [D. walrus; of Scand. origin; cf. Dan valros, Sw.
vallross, Norw. hvalros; literally, whale horse; akin to Icel.
hrosshvalr, AS. horshwæl. See Whale, and Horse.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large marine mammal (Trichecus rosmarus) of the Seal
family, native of the Arctic Ocean. The male has long and powerful
tusks descending from the upper jaw. It uses these in procuring food
and in fighting. It is hunted for its oil, ivory, and skin. It feeds
largely on mollusks. Called also morse.

Note: The walrus of the North Pacific and Behring Strait (Trichecus
obesus) is regarded by some as a distinct species, by others as a
variety of the common walrus.

WALTER
Wal"ter, v. i. Etym: [See Welter.]

Defn: To roll or wallow; to welter. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

WALTRON
Wal"tron, n.

Defn: A walrus. [Obs.] Woodward.

WALTY
Wal"ty, a. Etym: [Cf. Walter to roll.]

Defn: Liable to roll over; crank; as, a walty ship. [R.] Longfellow.

WALTZ
Waltz, n. Etym: [G. walzer, from walzen to roll, revolve, dance, OHG.
walzan to roll; akin to AS. wealtan. See Welter.]

Defn: A dance performed by two persons in circular figures with a
whirling motion; also, a piece of music composed in triple measure
for this kind of dance.

WALTZ
Waltz, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waltzed; p. pr. & vb. n. Waltzing.]

Defn: To dance a waltz.

WALTZER
Waltz"er, n.

Defn: A person who waltzes.

WALWE
Wal"we, v.

Defn: To wallow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WALY
Wa"ly, interj. Etym: [Cf. Welaway.]

Defn: An exclamation of grief. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

WAMBLE
Wam"ble, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Dan. vamle, and vammel squeamish, ready to
vomit, Icel. væma to feel nausea, væminn nauseous.]

1. To heave; to be disturbed by nausea; -- said of the stomach.
L'Estrange.

2. To move irregularly to and fro; to roll.

WAMBLE
Wam"ble, n.

Defn: Disturbance of the stomach; a feeling of nausea. Holland.

WAMBLE-CROPPED
Wam"ble-cropped`, a.

Defn: Sick at the stomach; also, crestfallen; dejected. [Slang]

WAMMEL
Wam"mel, v. i.

Defn: To move irregularly or awkwardly; to wamble, or wabble. [Prov.
Eng.]

WAMP
Wamp, n. Etym: [From the North American Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common American eider.

WAMPEE
Wam*pee", n. (Bot.)
(a) A tree (Cookia punctata) of the Orange family, growing in China
and the East Indies; also, its fruit, which is about the size of a
large grape, and has a hard rind and a peculiar flavor.
(b) The pickerel weed. [Southern U.S.]

WAMPUM
Wam"pum, n. Etym: [North American Indian wampum, wompam, from the
Mass. wómpi, Del. wape, white.]

Defn: Beads made of shells, used by the North American Indians as
money, and also wrought into belts, etc., as an ornament.
Round his waist his belt of wampum. Longfellow.
Girded with his wampum braid. Whittier.

Note: These beads were of two kinds, one white, and the other black
or dark purple. The term wampum is properly applied only to the
white; the dark purple ones are called suckanhock. See Seawan. "It
[wampum] consisted of cylindrical pieces of the shells of testaceous
fishes, a quarter of an inch long, and in diameter less than a
pipestem, drilled . . . so as to be strung upon a thread. The beads
of a white color, rated at half the value of the black or violet,
passed each as the equivalent of a farthing in transactions between
the natives and the planters." Palfrey.

WAN
Wan, obs. imp. of Win.

Defn: Won. Chaucer.

WAN
Wan (, a. Etym: [AS. wann, wonn, wan, won, dark, lurid, livid,
perhaps originally, worn out by toil, from winnan to labor, strive.
See Win.]

Defn: Having a pale or sickly hue; languid of look; pale; pallid.
"Sad to view, his visage pale and wan." Spenser.
My color . . . [is] wan and of a leaden hue. Chaucer.
Why so pale and wan, fond lover Suckling.
With the wan moon overhead. Longfellow.

WAN
Wan, n.

Defn: The quality of being wan; wanness. [R.]
Tinged with wan from lack of sleep. Tennyson.

WAN
Wan, v. i.

Defn: To grow wan; to become pale or sickly in looks. "All his visage
wanned." Shak.
And ever he mutter'd and madden'd, and ever wann'd with despair.
Tennyson.

WAND
Wand, n. Etym: [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. vöndr, akin to Dan.
vaand, Goth. wandus; perhaps originally, a pliant twig, and akin to
E. wind to turn.]

1. A small stick; a rod; a verge.
With good smart blows of a wand on his back. Locke.

2. Specifically:
(a) A staff of authority.
Though he had both spurs and wand, they seemed rather marks of
sovereignty than instruments of punishment. Sir P. Sidney.

(b) A rod used by conjurers, diviners, magicians, etc.
Picus bore a buckler in his hand; His other waved a long divining
wand. Dryden.
Wand of peace (Scots Law), a wand, or staff, carried by the messenger
of a court, which he breaks when deforced (that is, hindered from
executing process), as a symbol of the deforcement, and protest for
remedy of law. Burrill.

WANDER
Wan"der, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wandered; p. pr. & vb. n. Wandering.]
Etym: [OE. wandren, wandrien, AS. wandrian; akin to G. wandern to
wander; fr. AS. windan to turn. See Wind to turn.]

1. To ramble here and there without any certain course or with no
definite object in view; to range about; to stroll; to rove; as, to
wander over the fields.
They wandered about in sheepskins and goatskins. Heb. xi. 37.
He wandereth abroad for bread. Job xv. 23.

2. To go away; to depart; to stray off; to deviate; to go astray; as,
a writer wanders from his subject.
When God caused me to wander from my father's house. Gen. xx. 13.
O, let me not wander from thy commandments. Ps. cxix. 10.

3. To be delirious; not to be under the guidance of reason; to rave;
as, the mind wanders.

Syn.
 -- To roam; rove; range; stroll; gad; stray; straggly; err; swerve;
deviate; depart.

WANDER
Wan"der, v. t.

Defn: To travel over without a certain course; to traverse; to stroll
through. [R.] "[Elijah] wandered this barren waste." Milton.

WANDERER
Wan"der*er, n.

Defn: One who wanders; a rambler; one who roves; hence, one who
deviates from duty.

WANDERING
Wan"der*ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Wander, v. Wandering albatross (Zoöl.), the great
white albatross. See Illust. of Albatross.
 -- Wandering cell (Physiol.), an animal cell which possesses the
power of spontaneous movement, as one of the white corpuscles of the
blood.
 -- Wandering Jew (Bot.), any one of several creeping species of
Tradescantia, which have alternate, pointed leaves, and a soft,
herbaceous stem which roots freely at the joints. They are commonly
cultivated in hanging baskets, window boxes, etc.
 -- Wandering kidney (Med.), a morbid condition in which one kidney,
or, rarely, both kidneys, can be moved in certain directions; --
called also floating kidney, movable kidney.
 -- Wandering liver (Med.), a morbid condition of the liver, similar
to wandering kidney.
 -- Wandering mouse (Zoöl.), the whitefooted, or deer, mouse. See
Illust. of Mouse.
 -- Wandering spider (Zoöl.), any one of a tribe of spiders that
wander about in search of their prey.

WANDERINGLY
Wan"der*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a wandering manner.

WANDERMENT
Wan"der*ment, n.

Defn: The act of wandering, or roaming. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

WANDEROO
Wan`der*oo", n. Etym: [Cingalese wanderu a monkey.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large monkey (Macacus silenus) native of Malabar. It is
black, or nearly so, but has a long white or gray beard encircling
the face. Called also maha, silenus, neelbhunder, lion-tailed baboon,
and great wanderoo. [Written also ouanderoo.]

Note: The name is sometimes applied also to other allied species.

WANDY
Wand"y, a.

Defn: Long and flexible, like a wand. [Prov. Eng.] Brockett.

WANE
Wane, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waned; p. pr. & vb. n. Waning.] Etym: [OE.
wanien, AS. wanian, wonian, from wan, won, deficient, wanting; akin
to D. wan-, G. wahnsinn, insanity, OHG. wan, wana-, lacking, wan to
lessen, Icel. vanr lacking, Goth. vans; cf. Gr. wanting, inferior.
Want lack, and Wanton.]

1. To be diminished; to decrease; -- contrasted with wax, and
especially applied to the illuminated part of the moon.
Like the moon, aye wax ye and wane. Waning moons their settled
periods keep. Addison.

2. To decline; to fail; to sink.
You saw but sorrow in its waning form. Dryden.
Land and trade ever will wax and wane together. Sir J. Child.

WANE
Wane, v. t.

Defn: To cause to decrease. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

WANE
Wane, n.

1. The decrease of the illuminated part of the moon to the eye of a
spectator.

2. Decline; failure; diminution; decrease; declension.
An age in which the church is in its wane. South.
Though the year be on the wane. Keble.

3. An inequality in a board. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

WANEY
Wan"ey, n.

Defn: A sharp or uneven edge on a board that is cut from a log not
perfectly squared, or that is made in the process of squaring. See
Wany, a.

WANG
Wang, n. Etym: [OE. wange, AS. wange, wonge, cheek, jaw; akin to D.
wang, OS. & OHG. wanga, G. wange.]

1. The jaw, jawbone, or cheek bone. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
So work aye the wangs in his head. Chaucer.

2. A slap; a blow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Wang tooth, a cheek tooth;
a molar. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WANG
Wang, n.

Defn: See Whang. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

WANGAN
Wan"gan, n. Etym: [American Indian.]

Defn: A boat for conveying provisions, tools, etc.; -- so called by
Maine lumbermen. [Written also wangun.] Bartlett.

WANGER
Wang"er, n. Etym: [AS. wangere. See 1st Wang.]

Defn: A pillow for the cheek; a pillow. [Obs. & R.]
His bright helm was his wanger. Chaucer.

WANGHEE
Wang*hee", n. Etym: [Chin. wang yellow + he a root.] (Bot.)

Defn: The Chinese name of one or two species of bamboo, or jointed
cane, of the genus Phyllostachys. The slender stems are much used for
walking sticks. [Written also whanghee.]

WANGO
Wang"o, n.

Defn: A boomerang.

WANHOPE
Wan"hope`, n. Etym: [AS. wan, won, deficient, wanting + hopa hope:
cf. D. wanhoop. . See Wane, and Hope.]

Defn: Want of hope; despair; also, faint or delusive hope; delusion.
[Obs.] Piers Plowman. "Wanhope and distress." Chaucer.

WANHORN
Wan"horn` n. Etym: [Corruption fr. Siamese wanhom.] (Bot.)

Defn: An East Indian plant (Kæmpferia Galanga) of the Ginger family.
See Galanga.

WANIAND
Wan"i*and, n. Etym: [See Wanion.]

Defn: The wane of the moon. [Obs.] Halliwell.

WANING
Wan"ing, n.

Defn: The act or process of waning, or decreasing.
This earthly moon, the Church, hath fulls and wanings, and sometimes
her eclipses. Bp. Hall.

WANION
Wan"ion, n. Etym: [Probably for OE. waniand waning, p. pr. of wanien;
hence, used of the waning of the moon, supposed to be an unlucky
time. See Wane.]

Defn: A word of uncertain signification, used only in the phrase with
a wanion, apparently equivalent to with a vengeance, with a plague,
or with misfortune. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Latimer.

WANKLE
Wan"kle, a. Etym: [AS. wancol.]

Defn: Not to be depended on; weak; unstable. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

WANLY
Wan"ly, adv.

Defn: In a wan, or pale, manner.

WANNED
Wanned, a.

Defn: Made wan, or pale.

WANNESS
Wan"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being wan; a sallow, dead, pale color;
paleness; pallor; as, the wanness of the cheeks after a fever.

WANNISH
Wan"nish, a.

Defn: Somewhat wan; of a pale hue.
No sun, but a wannish glare, In fold upon fold of hueless cloud.
Tennyson.

WANT
Want (277), n. Etym: [Originally an adj., from Icel. vant, neuter of
vanr lacking, deficient. sq. root139. See Wane, v. i.]

1. The state of not having; the condition of being without anything;
absence or scarcity of what is needed or desired; deficiency; lack;
as, a want of power or knowledge for any purpose; want of food and
clothing.
And me, his parent, would full soon devour For want of other prey.
Milton.
From having wishes in consequence of our wants, we often feel wants
in consequence of our wishes. Rambler.
Pride is as loud a beggar as want, and more saucy. Franklin.

2. Specifically, absence or lack of necessaries; destitution;
poverty; penury; indigence; need.
Nothing is so hard for those who abound in riches, as to conceive how
others can be in want. Swift.

3. That which is needed or desired; a thing of which the loss is
felt; what is not possessed, and is necessary for use or pleasure.
Habitual superfluities become actual wants. Paley.

4. (Mining)

Defn: A depression in coal strata, hollowed out before the subsequent
deposition took place. [Eng.]

Syn.
 -- Indigence; deficiency; defect; destitution; lack; failure;
dearth; scarceness.

WANT
Want, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Wanting.]

1. To be without; to be destitute of, or deficient in; not to have;
to lack; as, to want knowledge; to want judgment; to want learning;
to want food and clothing.
They that want honesty, want anything. Beau. & Fl.
Nor think, though men were none, That heaven would want spectators,
God want praise. Milton.
The unhappy never want enemies. Richardson.

2. To have occasion for, as useful, proper, or requisite; to require;
to need; as, in winter we want a fire; in summer we want cooling
breezes.

3. To feel need of; to wish or long for; to desire; to crave. " What
wants my son" Addison.
I want to speak to you about something. A. Trollope.

WANT
Want, v. i. Etym: [Icel. vanta to be wanting. See Want to lack.]

1. To be absent; to be deficient or lacking; to fail; not to be
sufficient; to fall or come short; to lack; -- often used
impersonally with of; as, it wants ten minutes of four.
The disposition, the manners, and the thoughts are all before it;
where any of those are wanting or imperfect, so much wants or is
imperfect in the imitation of human life. Dryden.

2. To be in a state of destitution; to be needy; to lack.
You have a gift, sir (thank your education), Will never let you want.
B. Jonson.
For as in bodies, thus in souls, we find What wants in blood and
spirits, swelled with wind. Pope.

Note: Want was formerly used impersonally with an indirect object.
"Him wanted audience." Chaucer.

WA'N'T
Wa'n't.

Defn: A colloquial contraction of was not.

WANTAGE
Want"age, n.

Defn: That which is wanting; deficiency.

WANTING
Want"ing, a.

Defn: Absent; lacking; missing; also, deficient; destitute; needy;
as, one of the twelve is wanting; I shall not be wanting in exertion.

WANTLESS
Want"less, a.

Defn: Having no want; abundant; fruitful.

WANTON
Wan"ton, a. Etym: [OE. wantoun, contr. from wantowen; pref. wan-
wanting (see Wane, v. i.), hence expressing negation + towen, p. p.,
AS. togen, p. p. of teón to draw, to educate, bring up; hence,
properly, ill bred. See Tug, v. t.]

1. Untrained; undisciplined; unrestrained; hence, loose; free;
luxuriant; roving; sportive. "In woods and wanton wilderness."
Spenser. "A wild and wanton herd." Shak.
A wanton and a merry [friar]. Chaucer.
[She] her unadorned golden tresses wore Disheveled, but in wanton
ringlets waved. Milton.
How does your tongue grow wanton in her praise! Addison.

2. Wandering from moral rectitude; perverse; dissolute. "Men grown
wanton by prosperity." Roscommon.

3. Specifically: Deviating from the rules of chastity; lewd; lustful;
lascivious; libidinous; lecherous.
Not with wanton looking of folly. Chaucer.
[Thou art] froward by nature, enemy to peace, Lascivious, wanton.
Shak.

4. Reckless; heedless; as, wanton mischief.

WANTON
Wan"ton, n.

1. A roving, frolicsome thing; a trifler; -- used rarely as a term of
endearment.
I am afeard you make a wanton of me. Shak.
Peace, my wantons; he will do More than you can aim unto. B. Jonson.

2. One brought up without restraint; a pampered pet.
Anything, sir, That's dry and wholesome; I am no bred wanton. Beau. &
Fl.

3. A lewd person; a lascivious man or woman.

WANTON
Wan"ton, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wantoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Wantoning.]

1. To rove and ramble without restraint, rule, or limit; to revel; to
play loosely; to frolic.
Nature here wantoned as in her prime. Milton.
How merrily we would sally into the fields, and strip under the first
warmth of the sun, and wanton like young dace in the streams! Lamb.

2. To sport in lewdness; to play the wanton; to play lasciviously.

WANTON
Wan"ton, v. t.

Defn: To cause to become wanton; also, to waste in wantonness. [Obs.]

WANTONIZE
Wan"ton*ize, v. i.

Defn: To behave wantonly; to frolic; to wanton. [R.] Lamb.

WANTONLY
Wan"ton*ly, adv.

1. In a wanton manner; without regularity or restraint; loosely;
sportively; gayly; playfully; recklessly; lasciviously.

2. Unintentionally; accidentally. [Obs.] J. Dee.

WANTONNESS
Wan"ton*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being wanton; negligence of restraint;
sportiveness; recklessness; lasciviousness. Gower.
The tumults threatened to abuse all acts of grace, and turn them into
wantonness. Eikon Basilike.
Young gentlemen would be as sad as night Only for wantonness. Shak.

WANTRUST
Wan"trust`, n. Etym: [Pref. wan- as in wanton + trust.]

Defn: Failing or diminishing trust; want of trust or confidence;
distrust. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WANTWIT
Want"wit`, n.

Defn: One destitute of wit or sense; a blockhead; a fool. [Obs.]
Shak.

WANTY
Wan"ty, n. Etym: [For womb tie, that is, bellyWomb, and Tie.]

Defn: A surcingle, or strap of leather, used for binding a load upon
the back of a beast; also, a leather tie; a short wagon rope. [Prov.
Eng.]

WANY
Wan"y, v. i.

Defn: To wane. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WANY
Wan"y, a.

1. Waning or diminished in some parts; not of uniform size
throughout; -- said especially of sawed boards or timber when
tapering or uneven, from being cut too near the outside of the log.

2. Spoiled by wet; -- said of timber. Halliwell.

WANZE
Wanze, v. i.

Defn: To wane; to wither. [Obs.]

WAP
Wap, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Whap.]

Defn: To beat; to whap. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Sir T. Malory.

WAP
Wap, n.

Defn: A blow or beating; a whap. [Prov. Eng.]

WAPACUT
Wap"a*cut, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American hawk owl. See under Hawk.

WAPATOO
Wap"a*too`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The edible tuber of a species of arrowhead (Sagittaria
variabilis); -- so called by the Indians of Oregon. [Written also
wappato.]

WAPED
Waped, a. Etym: [Prov. E. wape pale, v., to stupefy, akin to wap to
beat. Cf. Whap, and Wappened.]

Defn: Cast down; crushed by misery; dejected. [Obs.]

WAPENTAKE
Wap"en*take, n. Etym: [AS. w, w, from Icel. vapnatak, literally, a
weapon taking or weapon touching, hence an expression of assent ("si
displicuit sententia fremitu aspernantur; sin placuit frameas
concutiunt." Tacitus, "Germania," xi.). See Weapon, and Take. This
name had its origin in a custom of touching lances or spears when the
hundreder, or chief, entered on his office. "Cum quis accipiebat
præfecturam wapentachii, die statuto in loco ubi consueverant
congregari, omnes majores natu contra eum conveniebant, et
descendente eo de equo suo, omnes assurgebant ei. Ipse vero, erecta
lancea sua, ab omnibus secundum morem foedus accipiebat; omnes enim
quot-quot venissent cum lanceis suis ipsius hastam tangebant, et ita
se confirmabant per contactum armorum, pace palam concessa. Wæpnu
enim arma sonat; tac, tactus est -- hac de causa totus ille conventus
dicitur Wapentac, eo quod per tactum armorum suorum ad invicem
confoederati sunt." L L. Edward Confessor, 33. D. Wilkins.]

Defn: In some northern counties of England, a division, or district,
answering to the hundred in other counties. Yorkshire, Lincolnshire,
and Nottinghamshire are divided into wapentakes, instead of hundreds.
[Written also wapentac.] Selden. Blackstone.

WAPINSCHAW
Wap"in*schaw, n. Etym: [Scot. See Weapon, and Show.]

Defn: An exhibition of arms. according to the rank of the individual,
by all persons bearing arms; -- formerly made at certain seasons in
each district. [Scot.] Jamieson. Sir W. Scott.

WAPITI
Wap"i*ti, n. Etym: [Probably the Iroquois name. Bartlett.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American elk (Cervus Canadensis). It is closely related to
the European red deer, which it somewhat exceeds in size.

Note: By some writers it is thought to be a variety of the red deer,
but it is considered a distinct species by others. It is noted for
the large, branching antlers of the male.

WAPP
Wapp, n. Etym: [CF. Prov. E. wap to wrap up.] (Naut.)
(a) A fair-leader.
(b) A rope with wall knots in it with which the shrouds are set taut.

WAPPATO
Wap"pa*to, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Wapatoo.

WAPPENED
Wap"pened, a. Etym: [Cf. Waped, Wapper.]

Defn: A word of doubtful meaning used once by Shakespeare.
This [gold] is it
That makes the wappen'd widow wed again.

Note: It is conjectured by some that it is an error for wappered,
meaning tremulous or exhausted.

WAPPER
Wap"per, v. t. & i. Etym: [freq. of wap, v.; cf. dial. G. wappern,
wippern, to move up and down, to rock.]

Defn: To cause to shake; to tremble; to move tremulously, as from
weakness; to totter. [Obs.]

WAPPER
Wap"per, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gudgeon. [Prov. Eng.]

WAPPET
Wap"pet, n.

Defn: A small yelping cur. [Prov. Eng.]

WAPPING
Wap"ping, n.

Defn: Yelping. [R.] Fuller.

WAR
War, a.

Defn: Ware; aware. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WAR
War, n. Etym: [OE. & AS. werre; akin to OHG. werra scandal, quarrel,
sedition, werran to confound, mix, D. warren, G. wirren, verwirren,
to embroil, confound, disturb, and perhaps to E. worse; cf. OF. werre
war, F. querre, of Teutonic origin. Cf. Guerrilla, Warrior.]

1. A contest between nations or states, carried on by force, whether
for defence, for revenging insults and redressing wrongs, for the
extension of commerce, for the acquisition of territory, for
obtaining and establishing the superiority and dominion of one over
the other, or for any other purpose; armed conflict of sovereign
powers; declared and open hostilities.
Men will ever distinguish war from mere bloodshed. F. W. Robertson.

Note: As war is the contest of nations or states, it always implies
that such contest is authorized by the monarch or the sovereign power
of the nation. A war begun by attacking another nation, is called an
offensive war, and such attack is aggressive. War undertaken to repel
invasion, or the attacks of an enemy, is called defensive.

2. (Law)

Defn: A condition of belligerency to be maintained by physical force.
In this sense, levying war against the sovereign authority is
treason.

3. Instruments of war. [Poetic]
His complement of stores, and total war. Prior.

4. Forces; army. [Poetic]
On their embattled ranks the waves return, And overwhelm their war.
Milton.

5. The profession of arms; the art of war.
Thou art but a youth, and he is a man of war from his youth. 1 Sam.
xvii. 33.

6. a state of opposition or contest; an act of opposition; an
inimical contest, act, or action; enmity; hostility. "Raised impious
war in heaven." Milton.
The words of his mouth were smoother than butter, but war was in his
heart. Ps. lv. 21.
Civil war, a war between different sections or parties of the same
country or nation.
 -- Holy war. See under Holy.
 -- Man of war. (Naut.) See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Public war, a war between independent sovereign states.
 -- War cry, a cry or signal used in war; as, the Indian war cry.
 -- War dance, a dance among savages preliminary to going to war.
Among the North American Indians, it is begun by some distinguished
chief, and whoever joins in it thereby enlists as one of the party
engaged in a warlike excursion. Schoolcraft.
 -- War field, a field of war or battle.
 -- War horse, a horse used in war; the horse of a cavalry soldier;
especially, a strong, powerful, spirited horse for military service;
a charger.
 -- War paint, paint put on the face and other parts of the body by
savages, as a token of going to war. "Wash the war paint from your
faces." Longfellow.
 -- War song, a song of or pertaining to war; especially, among the
American Indians, a song at the war dance, full of incitements to
military ardor.
 -- War whoop, a war cry, especially that uttered by the American
Indians.

WAR
War, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Warred; p. pr. & vb. n. Warring.] 1

Defn: To make war; to invade or attack a state or nation with force
of arms; to carry on hostilities; to be in a state by violence.
Rezin the king of Syria, and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of
Israel, went up toward Jerusalem to war against it. Isa. vii. 1.
Why should I war without the walls of Troy Shak.
Our countrymen were warring on that day! Byron.

2. To contend; to strive violently; to fight. "Lusts which war
against the soul." 1 Pet. ii. 11.

WAR
War, v. t.

1. To make war upon; to fight. [R.]
To war the Scot, and borders to defend. Daniel.

2. To carry on, as a contest; to wage. [R.]
That thou . . . mightest war a good warfare. Tim. i. 18.

WAR-BEATEN
War"-beat`en, a.

Defn: Warworn.

WARBLE
War"ble, n. Etym: [Cf. Wormil.]

1. (Far.)
(a) A small, hard tumor which is produced on the back of a horse by
the heat or pressure of the saddle in traveling.
(b) A small tumor produced by the larvæ of the gadfly in the backs of
horses, cattle, etc. Called also warblet, warbeetle, warnles.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wormil.

WARBLE
War"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Warbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Warbling.]
Etym: [OE. werbelen, OF. werbler; of Teutonic origin; cf. G. wirbeln
to turn, to warble, D. wervelen, akin to E. whirl. See Whirl.]

1. To sing in a trilling, quavering, or vibratory manner; to modulate
with turns or variations; to trill; as, certain birds are remarkable
for warbling their songs.

2. To utter musically; to modulate; to carol.
If she be right invoked in warbled song. Milton.
Warbling sweet the nuptial lay. Trumbull.

3. To cause to quaver or vibrate. "And touch the warbled string."
Milton.

WARBLE
War"ble, v. i.

1. To be quavered or modulated; to be uttered melodiously.
Such strains ne'er warble in the linnet's throat. Gay.

3. To sing in a trilling manner, or with many turns and variations.
"Birds on the branches warbling." Milton.

3. To sing with sudden changes from chest to head tones; to yodel.

WARBLE
War"ble, n.

Defn: A quavering modulation of the voice; a musical trill; a song.
And he, the wondrous child, Whose silver warble wild Outvalued every
pulsing sound. Emerson.

WARBLER
War"bler, n.

1. One who, or that which, warbles; a singer; a songster; -- applied
chiefly to birds.
In lulling strains the feathered warblers woo. Tickell.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small Old World singing birds
belonging to the family Sylviidæ, many of which are noted songsters.
The bluethroat, blackcap, reed warbler (see under Reed), and sedge
warbler (see under Sedge) are well-known species.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small, often bright colored,
American singing birds of the family or subfamily Mniotiltidæ, or
Sylvicolinæ. They are allied to the Old World warblers, but most of
them are not particularly musical.

Note: The American warblers are often divided, according to their
habits, into bush warblers, creeping warblers, fly-catching warblers,
ground warblers, wood warblers, wormeating warblers, etc. Bush
warbler (Zoöl.) any American warbler of the genus Opornis, as the
Connecticut warbler (O. agilis).
 -- Creeping warbler (Zoöl.), any one of several species of very
small American warblers belonging to Parula, Mniotilta, and allied
genera, as the blue yellow-backed warbler (Parula Americana), and the
black-and-white creeper (Mniotilta varia).
 -- Fly-catching warbler (Zoöl.), any one of several species of
warblers belonging to Setophaga, Sylvania, and allied genera having
the bill hooked and notched at the tip, with strong rictal bristles
at the base, as the hooded warbler (Sylvania mitrata), the black-
capped warbler (S. pusilla), the Canadian warbler (S. Canadensis),
and the American redstart (see Redstart).
 -- Ground warbler (Zoöl.), any American warbler of the genus
Geothlypis, as the mourning ground warbler (G. Philadelphia), and the
Maryland yellowthroat (see Yellowthroat).
 -- Wood warbler (Zoöl.), any one of numerous American warblers of
the genus Dendroica. Among the most common wood warblers in the
Eastern States are the yellowbird, or yellow warbler (see under
Yellow), the black-throated green warbler (Dendroica virens), the
yellow-rumped warbler (D. coronata), the blackpoll (D. striata), the
bay-breasted warbler (D. castanea), the chestnut-sided warbler (D.
Pennsylvanica), the Cape May warbler (D. tigrina), the prairie
warbler (see under Prairie), and the pine warbler (D. pinus). See
also Magnolia warbler, under Magnolia, and Blackburnian warbler.

WARBLINGLY
War"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a warbling manner.

WARBURG'S TINCTURE
War"burg's tinc"ture. (Pharm.)

Defn: A preparation containing quinine and many other ingredients,
often used in the treatment of malarial affections. It was invented
by Dr. Warburg of London.

-WARD; -WARDS
-ward, -wards. Etym: [AS. -weard, -weardes; akin to OS. & OFries. -
ward. OHG. -wert, G. -wärts, Icel. -verthr, Goth. -vaírÞs, L. vertere
to turn, versus toward, and E. worth to become. *143. See Worth. v.
i., and cf. Verse. Adverbs ending in -wards (AS. -weardes) and some
other adverbs, such as besides, betimes, since (OE. sithens). etc.,
were originally genitive forms used adverbially.]

Defn: Suffixes denoting course or direction to; motion or tendency
toward; as in backward, or backwards; toward, or towards, etc.

WARD
Ward, n. Etym: [AS. weard, fem., guard, weard, ward a watcher,
warden, G. wart, OHG. wart, Icel. vör a warden, a watch, Goth. -wards
in daúrawards a doorkeeper, and E. wary; cf. OF. warde guard, from
the German. See Ware, a., Wary, and cf. Guard, Wraith.]

1. The act of guarding; watch; guard; guardianship; specifically, a
guarding during the day. See the Note under Watch, n., 1.
Still, when she slept, he kept both watch and ward. Spenser.

2. One who, or that which, guards; garrison; defender; protector;
means of guarding; defense; protection.
For the best ward of mine honor. Shak.
The assieged castle's ward Their steadfast stands did mightily
maintain. Spenser.
For want of other ward, He lifted up his hand, his front to guard.
Dryden.

3. The state of being under guard or guardianship; confinement under
guard; the condition of a child under a guardian; custody.
And he put them in ward in the house of the captain of the guard.
Gen. xl. 3.
I must attend his majesty's command, to whom I am now in ward. Shak.
It is also inconvenient, in Ireland, that the wards and marriages of
gentlemen's children should be in the disposal of any of those lords.
Spenser.

4. A guarding or defensive motion or position, as in fencing; guard.
"Thou knowest my old ward; here I lay, and thus I bore my point."
Shak.

5. One who, or that which, is guarded. Specifically: --
(a) A minor or person under the care of a guardian; as, a ward in
chancery. "You know our father's ward, the fair Monimia." Otway.
(b) A division of a county. [Eng. & Scot.]
(c) A division, district, or quarter of a town or city.
Throughout the trembling city placed a guard, Dealing an equal share
to every ward. Dryden.

(d) A division of a forest. [Eng.]
(e) A division of a hospital; as, a fever ward.

6.
(a) A projecting ridge of metal in the interior of a lock, to prevent
the use of any key which has not a corresponding notch for passing
it.
(b) A notch or slit in a key corresponding to a ridge in the lock
which it fits; a ward notch. Knight.
The lock is made . . . more secure by attaching wards to the front,
as well as to the back, plate of the lock, in which case the key must
be furnished with corresponding notches. Tomlinson.

Ward penny (O. Eng. Law), money paid to the sheriff or castellan for
watching and warding a castle.
 -- Ward staff, a constable's or watchman's staff. [Obs.]

WARD
Ward, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Warded; p. pr. & vb. n. Warding.] Etym:
[OE. wardien, AS. weardian to keep, protect; akin to OS. ward to
watch, take care, OFries. wardia, OHG. wart, G. warten to wait, wait
on, attend to, Icel. var to guarantee defend, Sw. vårda to guard, to
watch; cf. OF. warder, of German origin. See Ward, n., and cf. Award,
Guard, Reward.]

1. To keep in safety; to watch; to guard; formerly, in a specific
sense, to guard during the day time.
Whose gates he found fast shut, no living wight To ward the same.
Spenser.

2. To defend; to protect.
Tell him it was a hand that warded him From thousand dangers. Shak.

3. To defend by walls, fortifications, etc. [Obs.]

4. To fend off; to repel; to turn aside, as anything mischievous that
approaches; -- usually followed by off.
Now wards a felling blow, now strikes again. Daniel.
The pointed javelin warded off his rage. Addison.
It instructs the scholar in the various methods of warding off the
force of objections. I. Watts.

WARD
Ward, v. i.

1. To be vigilant; to keep guard.

2. To act on the defensive with a weapon.
She redoubling her blows drove the stranger to no other shift than to
ward and go back. Sir P. Sidney.

WARD-CORN
Ward"-corn`, n. Etym: [Ward + F. corne horn, L. cornu.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: The duty of keeping watch and ward (see the Note under Watch,
n., 1) with a horn to be blown upon any occasion of surprise.
Burrill.

WARDCORPS
Ward"corps`, n. Etym: [Wars + corps.]

Defn: Guardian; one set to watch over another. [Obs.] "Though thou
preyedest Argus . . . to be my wardcorps." Chaucer.

WARDEN
Ward"en, n. Etym: [OE. wardein, OF. wardein, gardein, gardain, F.
gardien. See Guardian, and Ward guard.]

1. A keeper; a guardian; a watchman.
He called to the warden on the . . . battlements. Sir. W. Scott.

2. An officer who keeps or guards; a keeper; as, the warden of a
prison.

3. A head official; as, the warden of a college; specifically
(Eccl.), a churchwarden.

4. Etym: [Properly, a keeping pear.]

Defn: A large, hard pear, chiefly used for baking and roasting.
[Obs.]
I would have had him roasted like a warden. Beau. & Fl.
Warden pie, a pie made of warden pears. [Obs.] Shak.

WARDENRY; WARDENSHIP
Ward"en*ry, Ward"en*ship, n.

Defn: The office or jurisdiction of a warden.

WARDER
Ward"er, n.

1. One who wards or keeps; a keeper; a guard. "The warders of the
gate." Dryden.

2. A truncheon or staff carried by a king or a commander in chief,
and used in signaling his will.
When, lo! the king suddenly changed his mind, Casts down his warder
to arrest them there. Daniel.
Wafting his warder thrice about his head, He cast it up with his
auspicious hand, Which was the signal, through the English spread,
This they should charge. Drayton.

WARDIAN
Ward"i*an, a.

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, a kind of glass inclosure for
keeping ferns, mosses, etc., or for transporting growing plants from
a distance; as, a Wardian case of plants; -- so named from the
inventor, Nathaniel B. Ward, an Englishman.

WARDMOTE
Ward"mote`, n.

Defn: Anciently, a meeting of the inhabitants of a ward; also, a
court formerly held in each ward of London for trying defaults in
matters relating to the watch, police, and the like. Brande & C.
"Wards and wardmotes." Piers Plowman.

WARDROBE
Ward"robe`, n. Etym: [OE. warderobe, OF. warderobe, F. garderobe; of
German origin. See Ward, v. t., and Robe.]

1. A room or apartment where clothes are kept, or wearing apparel is
stored; a portable closet for hanging up clothes.

2. Wearing apparel, in general; articles of dress or personal
decoration.
Flowers that their gay wardrobe wear. Milton.
With a pair of saddlebags containing his wardrobe. T. Hughes.

3. A privy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WARDROOM
Ward"room`, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A room occupied as a messroom by the commissioned officers of a
war vessel. See Gunroom. Totten.

2. A room used by the citizens of a city ward, for meetings,
political caucuses, elections, etc. [U.S.]

-WARDS
-wards.

Defn: See -ward.

WARDSHIP
Ward"ship, n.

1. The office of a ward or keeper; care and protection of a ward;
guardianship; right of guardianship.
Wardship is incident to tenure in socage. Blackstone.

2. The state of begin under a guardian; pupilage.
It was the wisest act . . . in my wardship. B. Jonson.

WARDSMAN
Wards"man, n.; pl. Wardsmen (.

Defn: A man who keeps ward; a guard. [R.] Sydney Smith.

WARE
Ware, obs. imp. of Wear.

Defn: Wore.

WARE
Ware, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To wear, or veer. See Wear.

WARE
Ware, n. Etym: [AS. war.] (Bot.)

Defn: Seaweed. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ware goose (Zoöl.), the brant; --
so called because it feeds on ware, or seaweed. [Prov. Eng.]

WARE
Ware, n. Etym: [OE. ware, AS. waru; akin to D. waar, G. waare, Icel.
& Sw. vara, Dan. vare; and probably to E. worth, a. See Worth, a.]

Defn: Articles of merchandise; the sum of articles of a particular
kind or class; style or class of manufactures; especially, in the
plural, goods; commodities; merchandise. "Retails his wares at
wakes." Shak. "To chaffer with them and eke to sell them their ware."
Chaucer.
It the people of the land bring ware or any victuals on the Sabbath
day to sell, that we would not buy it of them on the Sabbath, or on
the holy day. Neh. x. 31.

Note: Although originally and properly a collective noun, it admits
of a plural form, when articles of merchandise of different kinds are
meant. It is often used in composition; as in hardware, glassware,
tinware, etc.

WARE
Ware, a. Etym: [OE. war, AS. wær. sq. root142. See Wary.]

Defn: A ware; taking notice; hence, wary; cautious; on one's guard.
See Beware. [Obs.]
She was ware and knew it bet [better] than he. Chaucer.
Of whom be thou ware also. 2. Tim. iv. 15.
He is ware enough; he is wily and circumspect for stirring up any
sedition. Latimer.
The only good that grows of passed fear Is to be wise, and ware of
like again. Spenser.

WARE
Ware, n. Etym: [AS. waru caution.]

Defn: The state of being ware or aware; heed. [Obs.] Wyclif.

WARE
Ware, v. t. Etym: [As. warian.]

Defn: To make ware; to warn; to take heed of; to beware of; to guard
against. "Ware that I say." Chaucer.
God . . . ware you for the sin of avarice. Chaucer.
Then ware a rising tempest on the main. Dryden.

WAREFUL
Ware"ful, a.

Defn: Wary; watchful; cautious. [Obs.]

WAREFULNESS
Ware"ful*ness, n.

Defn: Wariness; cautiousness. [Obs.] "Full of warefulness." Sir P.
Sidney.

WAREGA FLY
Wa*re"ga fly`.

Defn: (Zoöl.) A Brazilian fly whose larvæ live in the skin of man and
animals, producing painful sores.

WAREHOUSE
Ware"house`, n.; pl. Warehouses (.

Defn: A storehouse for wares, or goods. Addison.

WAREHOUSE
Ware"house`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Warehoused; p. pr. & vb. n.
Warehousing.]

1. To deposit or secure in a warehouse.

2. To place in the warehouse of the government or customhouse stores,
to be kept until duties are paid.

WAREHOUSEMAN
Ware"house`man, n.; pl. Warehousemen (.

1. One who keeps a warehouse; the owner or keeper of a dock warehouse
or wharf store.

2. One who keeps a wholesale shop or store for Manchester or woolen
goods. [Eng.] Warehouseman's itch (Med.), a form of eczema occurring
on the back of the hands of warehousemen.

WAREHOUSING
Ware"hous`ing, n.

Defn: The act of placing goods in a warehouse, or in a customhouse
store. Warehousing system, an arrangement for lodging imported
articles in the customhouse stores, without payment of duties until
they are taken out for home consumption. If reëxported, they are not
charged with a duty. See Bonded warehouse, under Bonded, a.

WARELESS
Ware"less, a. Etym: [See Ware, n.]

Defn: Unwary; incautious; unheeding; careless; unaware. [Obs.]
And wareless of the evil That by themselves unto themselves is
wrought. Spenser.

WARELY
Ware"ly, adv.

Defn: Cautiously; warily. [Obs.]
They bound him hand and foot with iron chains, And with continual
watch did warely keep. Spenser.

WARENCE
War"ence, n. Etym: [OF. warance. F. garance, LL. warentia, garantia.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Madder.

WAREROOM
Ware"room`, n.

Defn: A room in which goods are stored or exhibited for sale.

WARES
Wares, n. pl.

Defn: See 4th Ware.

WARFARE
War"fare`, n. Etym: [War + OE. fare a journey, a passage, course, AS.
faru. See Fare, n.]

1. Military service; military life; contest carried on by enemies;
hostilities; war.
The Philistines gathered their armies together for warfare, to fight
with Israel. I Sam. xxviii. 1.
This day from battle rest; Faithful hath been your warfare. Milton.

2. Contest; struggle.
The weapons of our warfare are not carnal. 2 Cor. x. 4.

WARFARE
War"fare`, v. i.

Defn: To lead a military life; to carry on continual wars. Camden.

WARFARER
War"far`er, n.

Defn: One engaged in warfare; a military man; a soldier; a warrior.

WARHABLE
War"ha`ble, a. Etym: [War + hable.]

Defn: Fit for war. [Obs.] "Warhable youth." Spenser.

WARIANGLE
War`i*an"gle, n. Etym: [OE. wariangel, weryangle; cf. AS. wearg
outlaw, criminal, OHG, warg, warch, Goth. wargs (in comp.), G.
würgengel, i. e., destroying angel, destroyer, killer, and E. worry.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio); -- called also würger,
worrier, and throttler. [Written also warriangle, weirangle, etc.]
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

WARILY
Wa"ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a wary manner.

WARIMENT
Wa"ri*ment, n.

Defn: Wariness. [Obs.] Spenser.

WARINE
War"ine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American monkey, one of the sapajous.

WARINESS
Wa"ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being wary; care to foresee and guard
against evil; cautiousness. "An almost reptile wariness." G. W.
Cable.
To determine what are little things in religion, great wariness is to
be used. Sprat.

Syn.
 -- Caution; watchfulness; circumspection; foresight; care;
vigilance; scrupulousness.

WARISH
War"ish, v. t. Etym: [OF. warir to protect, heal, cure, F. guéri to
cure; of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. werian, weren, to protect, to
hinder. See Garret.]

Defn: To protect from the effects of; hence, to cure; to heal. [Obs.]
My brother shall be warished hastily. Chaucer.
Varro testifies that even at this day there be some who warish and
cure the stinging of serpents with their spittle. Holland.

WARISH
War"ish, v. i.

Defn: To be cured; to recover. [Obs.]
Your daughter . . . shall warish and escape. Chaucer.

WARISON
War"i*son, n. Etym: [OF. warison safety, supplies, cure, F. guérison
cure. See Warish, v. t.]

1. Preparation; protection; provision; supply. [Obs.]

2. Reward; requital; guerdon. [Obs. or Scot.]
Wit and wisdom is good warysoun. Proverbs of Hending.

WARK
Wark, n. Etym: [See Work.]

Defn: Work; a building. [Obs. or Scot.] Spenser.

WARKLOOM
Wark"loom, n.

Defn: A tool; an implement. [Scot.]

WARLIKE
War"like`, a.

1. Fit for war; disposed for war; as, a warlike state; a warlike
disposition.
Old Siward, with ten thousand warlike men. Shak.

2. Belonging or relating to war; military; martial.
The great archangel from his warlike toil Surceased. Milton.

Syn.
 -- Martial; hostile; soldierly. See Martial.

WARLIKENESS
War"like`ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being warlike.

WARLING
War"ling, n.

Defn: One often quarreled with; -- darling. [Obs.]
Better be an old man's darling than a young man's warling. Camde

WARLOCK
War"lock, n. Etym: [OE. warloghe a deceiver, a name or the Devil, AS.
w a belier or breaker of his agreement, word, or pledge; w covenant,
troth (akiverus true; see Very) + loga a liar (in comp.), leógan to
lie. See 3d Lie.]

Defn: A male witch; a wizard; a sprite; an imp. [Written also
warluck.] Dryden.
It was Eyvind Kallda's crew Of warlocks blue, With their caps of
darkness hooded! Longfellow.

WARLOCK
War"lock, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a warlock or warlock; impish. [R.]
Thou shalt win the warlock fight. J. R. Drak

WARLOCKRY
War"lock*ry, n.

Defn: Impishness; magic.

WARLY
War"ly, a.

Defn: Warlike. Burns.

WARM
Warm, a. [Compar. Warmer; superl. Warmest.] Etym: [AS. wearm; akin to
OS., OFries., D., & G. warm, Icel. varmr, Sw. & Dan. varm, Goth.
warmjan to warm; probably akin to Lith. virti to cook, boil; or
perhaps to Skr. gharma heat, OL. formus warm.

1. Having heat in a moderate degree; not cold as, warm milk. "Whose
blood is warm within." Shak.
Warm and still is the summer night. Longfellow.

2. Having a sensation of heat, esp. of gentle heat; glowing.

3. Subject to heat; having prevalence of heat, or little or no cold
weather; as, the warm climate of Egypt.

4. Fig.: Not cool, indifferent, lukewarm, or the like, in spirit or
temper; zealous; ardent; fervent; excited; sprightly; irritable;
excitable.
Mirth, and youth, and warm desire! Milton.
Each warm wish springs mutual from the heart. Pope.
They say he's warm man and does not care to be madAddison.
I had been none of the warmest of partisans. Hawthor

5. Violent; vehement; furious; excited; passionate; as, a warm
contest; a warm debate.
Welcome, daylight; we shall have warm work on't. Dryden.

6. Being well off as to property, or in good circumstances;
forehanded; rich. [Colloq.]
Warm householders, every one of them. W. Irving.
You shall have a draft upon him, payable at sight: and let me tell
you he as warm a man as any within five miles round him. Goldsmith.

7. In children's games, being near the object sought for; hence,
being close to the discovery of some person, thing, or fact
concealed. [Colloq.]
Here, indeed, young Mr. Dowse was getting "warm," Black.

8. (Paint.)

Defn: Having yellow or red for a basis, or in their composition; --
said of colors, and opposed to cold which is of blue and its
compounds.

Syn.
 -- Ardent; zealous; fervent; glowing; enthusiastic; cordial; keen;
violent; furious; hot.

WARM
Warm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Warmed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Warming.] Etym:
[AS. wearmian. See Warm, a.]

1. To communicate a moderate degree of heat to; to render warm; to
supply or furnish heat to; as, a stove warms an apartment.
Then shall it [an ash tree] be for a man to burn; for he will take
thereof and warm himself. Isa. xliv 15
Enough to warm, but not enough to burn. Longfellow.

2. To make engaged or earnest; to interest; to engage; to excite
ardor or zeal; to enliven.
I formerly warmed my head with reading controversial writings. Pope.
Bright hopes, that erst bosom warmed. Keble.

WARM
Warm, v. i. Etym: [AS. wearmian.]

1. To become warm, or moderately heated; as, the earth soon warms in
a clear day summer.
There shall not be a coal to warm at. Isa. xlvii. 14.

2. To become ardent or animated; as, the speakewarms as he proceeds.

WARM
Warm, n.

Defn: The act of warming, or the state of being warmed; a warming; a
heating. [Colloq.] Dickens.

WARM-BLOODED
Warm"-blood`ed, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Having warm blood; -- applied especially to those animals, as
birds and mammals, which have warm blood, or, more properly, the
power of maintaining a nearly uniform temperature whatever the
temperature of the surrounding air. See Homoiothermal.

WARMER
Warm"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, warms.

WARMFUL
Warm"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding in capacity to warm; giving warmth; as, a warmful
garment. [R.] Chapman.

WARM-HEARTED
Warm"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Having strong affection; cordial; sincere; hearty; sympathetic.
 -- Warm"-heart`ed*ness, n.

WARMING
Warm"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Warm, v. Warming pan, a long-handled covered pan
into which live coals are put, -- used for warming beds. Shak.

WARMLY
Warm"ly, adv.

Defn: In a warm manner; ardently.

WARMNESS
Warm"ness, n.

Defn: Warmth. Chaucer.

WARMONGER
War"mon`ger, n.

Defn: One who makes ar a trade or business; a mercenary. [R.]
Spenser.

WARMOUTH
War"mouth, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American freshwater bream, or sunfish (Chænobryttus
gulosus); -- called also red-eyed bream.

WARMTH
Warmth, n.

1. The quality or state of being warm; gentle heat; as, the warmth of
the sun; the warmth of the blood; vital warmth.
Here kindly warmth their mounting juice ferments. Addison.

2. A state of lively and excited interest; zeal; ardor; fervor;
passion; enthusiasm; earnestness; as, the warmth of love or piety; he
replied with much warmth. "Spiritual warmth, and holy fires." Jer.
Taylor.
That warmth . . . which agrees with Christian zeal. Sprat.

3. (Paint.)

Defn: The glowing effect which arises from the use of warm colors;
hence, any similar appearance or effect in a painting, or work of
color.

Syn.
 -- Zeal; ardor; fervor; fervency; heat; glow; earnestness;
cordiality; animation; eagerness; excitement; vehemence.

WARMTHLESS
Warmth"less, a.

Defn: Being without warmth; not communicating warmth; cold. [R.]
Coleridge.

WARN
Warn (wasrn), v. t. Etym: [OE. wernen, AS. weornan, wyrnan. Cf. Warn
to admonish.]

Defn: To refuse. [Written also wern, worn.] [Obs.] Chaucer.

WARN
Warn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Warned; p. pr. & vb. n. Warning.] Etym:
[OE. warnen, warnien, AS. warnian, wearnian, to take heed, to warn;
akin to AS. wearn denial, refusal, OS. warning, wernian, to refuse,
OHG. warnen, G. warnen to warn, OFries. warna, werna, Icel. varna to
refuse; and probably to E. wary.

1. To make ware or aware; to give previous information to; to give
notice to; to notify; to admonish; hence, to notify or summon by
authority; as, to warn a town meeting; to warn a tenant to quit a
house. "Warned of the ensuing fight." Dryden.
Cornelius the centurion . . . was warned from God by an holy angel to
send for thee. Acts x. 22.
Who is it that hath warned us to the walls Shak.

2. To give notice to, of approaching or probable danger or evil; to
caution against anything that may prove injurious. "Juturna warns the
Daunian chief of Lausus' danger, urging swift relief." Dryden.

3. To ward off. [Obs.] Spenser.

WARNER
Warn"er, n.

Defn: One who warns; an admonisher.

WARNER
Warn"er, n.

Defn: A warrener. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

WARNING
Warn"ing, a.

Defn: Giving previous notice; cautioning; admonishing; as, a warning
voice.
That warning timepiece never ceased. Longfellow.
Warning piece, Warning wheel (Horol.), a piece or wheel which
produces a sound shortly before the clock strikes.

WARNING
Warn"ing, n.

1. Previous notice. "At a month's warning." Dryden.
A great journey to take upon so short a warning. L'Estrange.

2. Caution against danger, or against faults or evil practices which
incur danger; admonition; monition.
Could warning make the world more just or wise. Dryden.

WARNINGLY
Warn"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a warning manner.

WARNSTORE
Warn"store, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. warnesture, garnesture, provisions,
supplies, and E. garnish.]

Defn: To furnish. [Obs.] "To warnstore your house." Chaucer.

WARP
Warp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Warped; p. pr. & vb. n. Warping.] Etym:
[OE. warpen; fr. Icel. varpa to throw, cast, varp a casting, fr.
verpa to throw; akin to Dan. varpe to warp a ship, Sw. varpa, AS.
weorpan to cast, OS. werpan, OFries. werpa, D. & LG. werpen, G.
werfen, Goth. waírpan; cf. Skr. vrj to twist. Wrap.]

1. To throw; hence, to send forth, or throw out, as words; to utter.
[Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. To turn or twist out of shape; esp., to twist or bend out of a
flat plane by contraction or otherwise.
The planks looked warped. Coleridge.
Walter warped his mouth at this To something so mock solemn, that I
laughed. Tennyson.

3. To turn aside from the true direction; to cause to bend or
incline; to pervert.
This first avowed, nor folly warped my mind. Dryden.
I have no private considerations to warp me in this controversy.
Addison.
We are divested of all those passions which cloud the intellects, and
warp the understandings, of men. Southey.

4. To weave; to fabricate. [R. & Poetic.] Nares.
While doth he mischief warp. Sternhold.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: To tow or move, as a vessel, with a line, or warp, attached to
a buoy, anchor, or other fixed object.

6. To cast prematurely, as young; -- said of cattle, sheep, etc.
[Prov. Eng.]

7. (Agric.)

Defn: To let the tide or other water in upon (lowlying land), for the
purpose of fertilization, by a deposit of warp, or slimy substance.
[Prov. Eng.]

8. (Rope Making)

Defn: To run off the reel into hauls to be tarred, as yarns.

9. (Weaving)

Defn: To arrange (yarns) on a warp beam. Warped surface (Geom.), a
surface generated by a straight line moving so that no two of its
consecutive positions shall be in the same plane. Davies & Peck.

WARP
Warp, v. i.

1. To turn, twist, or be twisted out of shape; esp., to be twisted or
bent out of a flat plane; as, a board warps in seasoning or
shrinking.
One of you will prove a shrunk panel, and, like green timber, warp,
warp. Shak.
They clamp one piece of wood to the end of another, to keep it from
casting, or warping. Moxon.

2. to turn or incline from a straight, true, or proper course; to
deviate; to swerve.
There is our commission, From which we would not have you warp. Shak.

3. To fly with a bending or waving motion; to turn and wave, like a
flock of birds or insects.
A pitchy cloud Of locusts, warping on the eastern wind. Milton.

4. To cast the young prematurely; to slink; -- said of cattle, sheep,
etc. [Prov. Eng.]

5. (Weaving)

Defn: To wind yarn off bobbins for forming the warp of a web; to wind
a warp on a warp beam.

WARP
Warp, n. Etym: [AS. wearp; akin to Icel. varp a casting, throwing,
Sw. varp the draught of a net, Dan. varp a towline, OHG. warf warp,
G. werft. See Warp, v.]

1. (Weaving)

Defn: The threads which are extended lengthwise in the loom, and
crossed by the woof.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope used in hauling or moving a vessel, usually with one end
attached to an anchor, a post, or other fixed object; a towing line;
a warping hawser.

3. (Agric.)

Defn: A slimy substance deposited on land by tides, etc., by which a
rich alluvial soil is formed. Lyell.

4. A premature casting of young; -- said of cattle, sheep, etc.
[Prov. Eng.]

5. Four; esp., four herrings; a cast. See Cast, n., 17. [Prov. Eng.]
Wright.

6. Etym: [From Warp, v.]

Defn: The state of being warped or twisted; as, the warp of a board.
Warp beam, the roller on which the warp is wound in a loom.
 -- Warp fabric, fabric produced by warp knitting.
 -- Warp frame, or Warp-net frame, a machine for making warp lace
having a number of needles and employing a thread for each needle.
 -- Warp knitting, a kind of knitting in which a number of threads
are interchained each with one or more contiguous threads on either
side; -- also called warp weaving.
 -- Warp lace, or Warp net, lace having a warp crossed by weft
threads.

WARPAGE
Warp"age, n.

Defn: The act of warping; also, a charge per ton made on shipping in
some harbors.

WARPATH
War"path`, n.

Defn: The route taken by a party of Indians going on a warlike
expedition. Schoolcraft. On the warpath, on a hostile expedition;
hence, colloquially, about to attack a person or measure.

WARPER
Warp"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, warps or twists out of shape.

2. One who, or that which, forms yarn or thread into warps or webs
for the loom.

WARPING
Warp"ing, n.

1. The act or process of one who, or that which, warps.

2. The art or occupation of preparing warp or webs for the weaver.
Craig. Warping bank, a bank of earth raised round a field to retain
water let in for the purpose of enriching land. Craig.
 -- Warping hook, a hook used by rope makers for hanging the yarn on,
when warping it into hauls for tarring.
 -- Warping mill, a machine for warping yarn.
 -- Warping penny, money, varying according to the length of the
thread, paid to the weaver by the spinner on laying the warp. [Prov.
Eng.] Wright.
 -- Warping post, a strong post used in warping rope-yarn.

WARP KNITTING
Warp knitting.

Defn: A kind of knitting in which a number of threads are
interchained each with one or more contiguous threads on either side.

WARPROOF
War"proof`, n.

Defn: Valor tried by war.

WARRAGAL
War"ra*gal, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dingo.

WARRANDICE
War"ran*dice, n. Etym: [See Warrantise.] (Scots Law)

Defn: The obligation by which a person, conveying a subject or a
right, is bound to uphold that subject or right against every claim,
challenge, or burden arising from circumstances prior to the
conveyance; warranty. [Written also warrandise.] Craig.

WARRANT
War"rant, n. Etym: [OE. warant, OF. warant a warrant, a defender,
protector, F. garant, originally a p. pr. pf German origin, fr. OHG.
weren to grant, warrant, G. gewähren; akin to OFries. wera. Cf.
Guarantee.]

1. That which warrants or authorizes; a commission giving authority,
or justifying the doing of anything; an act, instrument, or
obligation, by which one person authorizes another to do something
which he has not otherwise a right to do; an act or instrument
investing one with a right or authority, and thus securing him from
loss or damage; commission; authority. Specifically: --
(a) A writing which authorizes a person to receive money or other
thing.
(b) (Law) A precept issued by a magistrate authorizing an officer to
make an arrest, a seizure, or a search, or do other acts incident to
the administration of justice.
(c) (Mil. & Nav.) An official certificate of appointment issued to an
officer of lower rank than a commissioned officer. See Warrant
officer, below.

2. That which vouches or insures for anything; guaranty; security.
I give thee warrant of thy place. Shak.
His worth is warrant for his welcome hither. Shak.

3. That which attests or proves; a voucher.

4. Right; legality; allowance. [Obs.] Shak. Bench warrant. (Law) See
in the Vocabulary.
 -- Dock warrant (Com.), a customhouse license or authority.
 -- General warrant. (Law) See under General.
 -- Land warrant. See under Land.
 -- Search warrant. (Law) See under Search, n.
 -- Warrant of attorney (Law), written authority given by one person
to another empowering him to transact business for him; specifically,
written authority given by a client to his attorney to appear for him
in court, and to suffer judgment to pass against him by confession in
favor of some specified person. Bouvier.
 -- Warrant officer, a noncommissioned officer, as a sergeant,
corporal, bandmaster, etc., in the army, or a quartermaster, gunner,
boatswain, etc., in the navy.
 -- Warrant to sue and defend. (a) (O. Eng. Law) A special warrant
from the crown, authorizing a party to appoint an attorney to sue or
defend for him. (b) A special authority given by a party to his
attorney to commence a suit, or to appear and defend a suit in his
behalf. This warrant is now disused. Burrill.

WARRANT
War"rant, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Warranted; p. pr. & vb. n. Warranting.]
Etym: [OE. waranten, OF. warantir, garantir, guarantir, garentir,
garandir, F. garantir to warrant, fr. OF. warant, garant, guarant, a
warrant, a protector, a defender, F. garant. sq. root142. See
Warrant, n.]

1. To make secure; to give assurance against harm; to guarantee
safety to; to give authority or power to do, or forbear to do,
anything by which the person authorized is secured, or saved
harmless, from any loss or damage by his action.
That show I first my body to warrant. Chaucer.
I'll warrant him from drowning. Shak.
In a place Less warranted than this, or less secure, I can not be.
Milton.

2. To support by authority or proof; to justify; to maintain; to
sanction; as, reason warrants it.
True fortitude is seen in great exploits, That justice warrants, and
that wisdom guides. Addison.
How little while it is since he went forth out of his study, --
chewing a Hebrew text of Scripture in his mouth, I warrant.
Hawthorne.

3. To give a warrant or warranty to; to assure as if by giving a
warrant to.
[My neck is] as smooth as silk, I warrant ye. L' Estrange.

4. (Law)
(a) To secure to, as a grantee, an estate granted; to assure.
(b) To secure to, as a purchaser of goods, the title to the same; to
indemnify against loss.
(c) To secure to, as a purchaser, the quality or quantity of the
goods sold, as represented. See Warranty, n., 2.
(d) To assure, as a thing sold, to the purchaser; that is, to engage
that the thing is what it appears, or is represented, to be, which
implies a covenant to make good any defect or loss incurred by it.

WARRANTABLE
War"rant*a*ble, a.

Defn: Authorized by commission, precept, or right; justifiable;
defensible; as, the seizure of a thief is always warrantable by law
and justice; falsehood is never warrantable.
His meals are coarse and short, his employment warrantable, his sleep
certain and refreshing. South.
-- War"rant*a*ble*ness, n.
 -- War"rant*bly, adv.

WARRANTEE
War`ran*tee", n. (Law)

Defn: The person to whom a warrant or warranty is made.

WARRANTER
War"rant*er, n.

1. One who warrants, gives authority, or legally empowers.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who assures, or covenants to assure; one who contracts to
secure another in a right, or to make good any defect of title or
quality; one who gives a warranty; a guarantor; as, the warranter of
a horse.

WARRANTISE
War"rant*ise, n. Etym: [OF. warentise, warandise, garantise. See
Warrant, n.]

Defn: Authority; security; warranty. [Obs.] Shak.

WARRANTISE
War"rant*ise, v. t.

Defn: To warrant. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

WARRANTOR
War"rant*or, n. (Law)

Defn: One who warrants.

WARRANTY
War"rant*y, n.; pl. Warranties. Etym: [OF. warantie, F. garantie. See
Warrant, n., and cf. Guaranty.]

1. (Anc. Law)

Defn: A covenant real, whereby the grantor of an estate of freehold
and his heirs were bound to warrant and defend the title, and, in
case of eviction by title paramount, to yield other lands of equal
value in recompense. This warranty has long singe become obsolete,
and its place supplied by personal covenants for title. Among these
is the covenant of warranty, which runs with the land, and is in the
nature of a real covenant. Kent.

2. (Modern Law)

Defn: An engagement or undertaking, express or implied, that a
certain fact regarding the subject of a contract is, or shall be, as
it is expressly or impliedly declared or promised to be. In sales of
goods by persons in possession, there is an implied warranty of
title, but, as to the quality of goods, the rule of every sale is,
Caveat emptor. Chitty. Bouvier.

3. (Insurance Law)

Defn: A stipulation or engagement by a party insured, that certain
things, relating to the subject of insurance, or affecting the risk,
exist, or shall exist, or have been done, or shall be done. These
warranties, when express, should appear in the policy; but there are
certain implied warranties. Bouvier.

4. Justificatory mandate or precept; authority; warrant. [R.] Shak.
If they disobey precept, that is no excuse to us, nor gives us any
warranty . . . to disobey likewise. Kettlewe

5. Security; warrant; guaranty.
The stamp was a warranty of the public. Locke.

Syn.
 -- See Guarantee.

WARRANTY
War"rant*y, v. t.

Defn: To warrant; to guarantee.

WARRAY
War"ray, v. t. Etym: [OF. werreier, werrier, guerroier, F. guerroyer,
from OF. werre war, F. guerre; of German origin. See War.]

Defn: To make war upon. [Obs.] Fairfax. "When a man warrayeth truth."
Chaucer.

WARRE
Warre, a. Etym: [OE. werre; of Scand. origin. See Worse.]

Defn: Worse. [Obs.]
They say the world is much warre than it wont. Spenser.

WARREN
War"ren, n. Etym: [Of. waresne, warenne, garene, F. garenne, from OF.
warer, garer, to beware, to take care; of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG.
war (in comp.), OS. war to take care, to observe, akin to E. wary.
Wary.]

1. (Eng Law)
(a) A place privileged, by prescription or grant the king, for
keeping certain animals (as hares, conies, partridges, pheasants,
etc.) called beasts and fowls of warren. Burrill.
(b) A privilege which one has in his lands, by royal grant or
prescription, of hunting and taking wild beasts and birds of warren,
to the exclusion of any other person not entering by his permission.
Spelman.
They wend both warren and in waste. Piers Plowman.

Note: The warren is the next franchise in degree to the park; and a
forest, which is the highest in dignity, comprehends a chase, a park,
and a free warren.

2. A piece of ground for the breeding of rabbits.

3. A place for keeping flash, in a river.

WARRENER
War"ren*er, n.

Defn: The keeper of a warren.

WARRIANGLE
War`ri*an"gle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wariangle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

WARRIE
War"rie, v. t.

Defn: See Warye. [Obs.]

WARRIN
War"rin, n. Etym: [From a native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Australian lorikeet (Trichoglossus multicolor) remarkable
for the variety and brilliancy of its colors; -- called also blue-
bellied lorikeet, and blue-bellied parrot.

WARRIOR
War"rior, n. Etym: [OE. werreour, OF. werreour, guerreor, from
guerre, werre, war. See War, and Warray.]

Defn: A man engaged or experienced in war, or in the military life; a
soldier; a champion.
Warriors old with ordered spear and shield. Milton.
Warrior ant (Zoöl.), a reddish ant (Formica sanguinea) native of
Europe and America. It is one of the species which move in armies to
capture and enslave other ants.

WARRIORESS
War"rior*ess, n.

Defn: A female warrior. [Obs.] Spenser.

WARRY
War"ry, v. t.

Defn: See Warye. [Obs.]

WARSAW
War"saw, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The black grouper (Epinephelus nigritus) of the southern coasts
of the United States.
(b) The jewfish; -- called also guasa.

WART
Wart, n. Etym: [OE. werte, AS. wearte; akin to D. wrat, G. warze,
OHG. warza, Icel. varta, Sw. vårta, Dan. vorte; perh. orig., a
growth, and akin to E. wort; or cf. L. verruca wart.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A small, usually hard, tumor on the skin formed by enlargement
of its vascular papillæ, and thickening of the epidermis which covers
them.

2. An excrescence or protuberance more or less resembling a true
wart; specifically (Bot.), a glandular excrescence or hardened
protuberance on plants. Fig wart, Moist wart (Med.), a soft, bright
red, pointed or tufted tumor found about the genitals, often massed
into groups of large size. It is a variety of condyloma. Called also
pointed wart, venereal wart. L. A. Duhring.
 -- Wart cress (Bot.), the swine's cress. See under Swine.
 -- Wart snake (Zoöl.), any one of several species of East Indian
colubrine snakes of the genus Acrochordus, having the body covered
with wartlike tubercles or spinose scales, and lacking cephalic
plates and ventral scutes.
 -- Wart spurge (Bot.), a kind of wartwort (Euphorbia Helioscopia).

WARTED
Wart"ed, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having little knobs on the surface; verrucose; as, a warted
capsule.

WART HOG
Wart" hog`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Either one of two species of large, savage African wild hogs of
the genus Phacochoerus. These animals have a pair of large, rough,
fleshy tubercles behind the tusks and second pair behind the eyes.
The tusks are large and strong, and both pairs curve upward. The body
is scantily covered with bristles, but there is long dorsal mane. The
South African species (Phacochoerus Æthiopicus) is the best known.
Called also vlacke vark. The second species (P. Æliani) is native of
the coasts of the Red Sea.

WARTLESS
Wart"less, a.

Defn: Having no wart.

WARTWEED
Wart"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Wartwort.

WARTWORT
Wart"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several plants because they were thought to be
a cure for warts, as a kind of spurge (Euphorbia Helioscopia), and
the nipplewort (Lampsana communis).

WARTY
Wart"y, a.

1. Having warts; full of warts; overgrow with warts; as, a warty
leaf.

2. Of the nature of warts; as, a warty excrescence. Warty egg
(Zoöl.), a marine univalve shell (Ovulum verrucosum), having the
surface covered with wartlike elevations.

WARTY-BACK
Wart"y-back`, n.

Defn: An American fresh-water mussel (Quadrula pustulosa). Its shell
is used in making buttons.

WARWICKITE
War"wick*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A dark brown or black mineral, occurring in prismatic crystals
imbedded in limestone near Warwick, New York. It consists of the
borate and titanate of magnesia and iron.

WARWORN
War"worn`, a.

Defn: Worn with military service; as, a warworn soldier; a warworn
coat. Shak.

WARY
Wa"ry, a. [Compar. Warier; superl. Wariest.] Etym: [OE. war, AS. wær;
akin to Icel. v, Dan. & Sw. var, Goth. wars, G. gewahr aware, OHG.
wara notice, attention, Gr. Aware, Garment, Garnish, Garrison,
Panorama, Ward, v. t. Ware, a., Warren.]

1. Cautious of danger; carefully watching and guarding against
deception, artifices, and dangers; timorously or suspiciously
prudent; circumspect; scrupulous; careful. "Bear a wary eye." Shak.
We should be wary, therefore, what persecution we raise against the
living labors of public men. Milton.

2. Characterized by caution; guarded; careful.
It behoveth our words to be wary and few. Hooker.

Syn.
 -- Cautious; circumspect; watchful. See Cautious.

WARYE
War"ye, v. t. Etym: [AS. wergian, wyrgean. Cf. Worry.]

Defn: To curse; to curse; to execrate; to condemn; also, to vex.
[Obs.] [Spelled also warrie, warry, and wary.] "Whom I thus blame and
warye." Chaucer.

WAS
Was. Etym: [AS. wæs, 2d pers. wære, 3d pers. wæs, pl. wæron, with the
inf. wesan to be; akin to D. wezen, imp. was, OHG. wesan, imp. was,
G. wesen, n., a being, essence, war was, Icel. vera to be, imp. var,
Goth. wisan to be, to dwell, to remain, imp. was, Skr. vas to remain,
to dwell. sq. root148. Cf. Vernacular, Wassail, Were, v.]

Defn: The first and third persons singular of the verb be, in the
indicative mood, preterit (imperfect) tense; as, I was; he was.

WASE
Wase, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. vase a sheaf.]

Defn: A bundle of straw, or other material, to relieve the pressure
of burdens carried upon the head. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

WASH
Wash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Washed; p. pr. & vb. n. Washing.] Etym:
[OE. waschen, AS. wascan; akin to D. wasschen, G. waschen, OHG.
wascan, Icel. & Sw. vaska, Dan. vaske, and perhaps to E. water. sq.
root150.]

1. To cleanse by ablution, or dipping or rubbing in water; to apply
water or other liquid to for the purpose of cleansing; to scrub with
water, etc., or as with water; as, to wash the hands or body; to wash
garments; to wash sheep or wool; to wash the pavement or floor; to
wash the bark of trees.
When Pilate saw that he could prevail nothing, . . . he took water
and washed his hands before the multitude, saying, I am innocent of
the blood of this just person. Matt. xxvii. 24.

2. To cover with water or any liquid; to wet; to fall on and moisten;
hence, to overflow or dash against; as, waves wash the shore.
Fresh-blown roses washed with dew. Milton.
[The landscape] washed with a cold, gray mist. Longfellow.

3. To waste or abrade by the force of water in motion; as, heavy
rains wash a road or an embankment.

4. To remove by washing to take away by, or as by, the action of
water; to drag or draw off as by the tide; -- often with away, off,
out, etc.; as, to wash dirt from the hands.
Arise, and be baptized, and wash away thy sins. Acts xxii. 16.
The tide will wash you off. Shak.

5. To cover with a thin or watery coat of color; to tint lightly and
thinly.

6. To overlay with a thin coat of metal; as, steel washed with
silver. To wash gold, etc., to treat earth or gravel, or crushed ore,
with water, in order to separate the gold or other metal, or metallic
ore, through their superior gravity.
 -- To wash the hands of. See under Hand.

WASH
Wash, v. i.

1. To perform the act of ablution.
Wash in Jordan seven times. 2 Kings v. 10.

2. To clean anything by rubbing or dipping it in water; to perform
the business of cleansing clothes, ore, etc., in water. "She can wash
and scour." Shak.

3. To bear without injury the operation of being washed; as, some
calicoes do not wash. [Colloq.]

4. To be wasted or worn away by the action of water, as by a running
or overflowing stream, or by the dashing of the sea; -- said of road,
a beach, etc.

WASH
Wash, n.

1. The act of washing; an ablution; a cleansing, wetting, or dashing
with water; hence, a quantity, as of clothes, washed at once.

2. A piece of ground washed by the action of a sea or river, or
sometimes covered and sometimes left dry; the shallowest part of a
river, or arm of the sea; also, a bog; a marsh; a fen; as, the washes
in Lincolnshire. "The Wash of Edmonton so gay." Cowper.
These Lincoln washes have devoured them. Shak.

3. Substances collected and deposited by the action of water; as, the
wash of a sewer, of a river, etc.
The wash of pastures, fields, commons, and roads, where rain water
hath a long time settled. Mortimer.

4. Waste liquid, the refuse of food, the collection from washed
dishes, etc., from a kitchen, often used as food for pigs. Shak.

5. (Distilling)
(a) The fermented wort before the spirit is extracted.
(b) A mixture of dunder, molasses, water, and scummings, used in the
West Indies for distillation. B. Edwards.

6. That with which anything is washed, or wetted, smeared, tinted,
etc., upon the surface. Specifically: --
(a) A liquid cosmetic for the complexion.
(b) A liquid dentifrice.
(c) A liquid preparation for the hair; as, a hair wash.
(d) A medical preparation in a liquid form for external application;
a lotion.
(e) (Painting) A thin coat of color, esp. water color. (j) A thin
coat of metal laid on anything for beauty or preservation.

7. (Naut.)
(a) The blade of an oar, or the thin part which enters the water.
(b) The backward current or disturbed water caused by the action of
oars, or of a steamer's screw or paddles, etc.

8. The flow, swash, or breaking of a body of water, as a wave; also,
the sound of it.

9. Ten strikes, or bushels, of oysters. [Prov. Eng.] Wash ball, a
ball of soap to be used in washing the hands or face. Swift.
 -- Wash barrel (Fisheries), a barrel nearly full of split mackerel,
loosely put in, and afterward filled with salt water in order to soak
the blood from the fish before salting.
 -- Wash bottle. (Chem.) (a) A bottle partially filled with some
liquid through which gases are passed for the purpose of purifying
them, especially by removing soluble constituents. (b) A washing
bottle. See under Washing.
 -- Wash gilding. See Water gilding.
 -- Wash leather, split sheepskin dressed with oil, in imitation of
chamois, or shammy, and used for dusting, cleaning glass or plate,
etc.; also, alumed, or buff, leather for soldiers' belts.

WASH
Wash, a.

1

Defn: Washy; weak. [Obs.]
Their bodies of so weak and wash a temper. Beau. & Fl.

2. Capable of being washed without injury; washable; as, wash goods.
[Colloq.]

WASHABLE
Wash"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being washed without damage to fabric or color.

WASHBOARD
Wash"board`, n.

1. A fluted, or ribbed, board on which clothes are rubbed in washing
them.

2. A board running round, and serving as a facing for, the walls of a
room, next to the floor; a mopboard.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A broad, thin plank, fixed along the gunwale of boat to keep
the sea from breaking inboard; also, a plank on the sill of a lower
deck port, for the same purpose; -- called also wasteboard. Mar. Di

WASHBOWL
Wash"bowl`, n.

Defn: A basin, or bowl, to hold water for washing one's hands, face,
etc.

WASHDISH
Wash"dish`, n.

1. A washbowl.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Washerwoman, 2. [Prov. Eng.]

WASH DRAWING
Wash drawing. (Art)

Defn: In water-color painting, work in, or a work done chiefly in,
washes, as distinguished from that done in stipple, in body color,
etc.

WASHED
Washed, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Appearing as if overlaid with a thin layer of different color;
-- said of the colors of certain birds and insects.

WASHED SALE
Washed sale.

Defn: Same as Wash sale.

WASHEN
Wash"en, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Wash. Chaucer.

WASHER
Wash"er, n. Etym: [AS. wæscere.]

1. One who, or that which, washes.

2. A ring of metal, leather, or other material, or a perforated
plate, used for various purposes, as around a bolt or screw to form a
seat for the head or nut, or around a wagon axle to prevent endwise
motion of the hub of the wheel and relieve friction, or in a joint to
form a packing, etc.

3. (Plumbing)

Defn: A fitting, usually having a plug, applied to a cistern, tub,
sink, or the like, and forming the outlet opening.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common raccoon.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Washerwoman, 2. [Prov. Eng.]

WASHERMAN
Wash"er*man, n.; pl. Washermen (.

Defn: A man who washes clothes, esp. for hire, or for others.

WASHERWOMAN
Wash"er*wom`an, n.; pl. Washerwomen (.

1. A woman who washes clothes, especially for hire, or for others.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pied wagtail; -- so called in allusion to its beating the
water with its tail while tripping along the leaves of water plants.
[Prov. Eng.]

WASHHOUSE
Wash"house`, n.

Defn: An outbuilding for washing, esp. one for washing clothes; a
laundry.

WASHINESS
Wash"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being washy, watery, or weak.

WASHING
Wash"ing, n.

1. The act of one who washes; the act of cleansing with water;
ablution.

2. The clothes washed, esp. at one time; a wash. Washing bear
(Zoöl.), the raccoon.
 -- Washing bottle (Chem.), a bottle fitted with glass tubes passing
through the cork, so that on blowing into one of the tubes a stream
of water issuing from the other may be directed upon anything to be
washed or rinsed, as a precipitate upon a filter, etc.
 -- Washing fluid, a liquid used as a cleanser, and consisting
usually of alkaline salts resembling soaps in their action.
 -- Washing machine, a machine for washing; specifically, a machine
for washing clothes.
 -- Washing soda. (Chem.) See Sodium carbonate, under Sodium.
 -- Washing stuff, any earthy deposit containing gold enough to pay
for washing it; -- so called among gold miners.

WASHINGTONIAN
Wash`ing*to"ni*an, a.

1. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, George Washington; as, a
Washingtonian policy. Lowell.

2. Designating, or pertaining to, a temperance society and movement
started in Baltimore in 1840 on the principle of total abstinence.
 -- n.

Defn: A member of the Washingtonian Society.

WASHOE PROCESS
Wash"oe proc`ess. [From the Washoe district, Nevada.]

Defn: The process of treating silver ores by grinding in pans or tubs
with the addition of mercury, and sometimes of chemicals such as blue
vitriol and salt.

WASH-OFF
Wash"-off`, a. (Calico Printing)

Defn: Capable of being washed off; not permanent or durable; -- said
of colors not fixed by steaming or otherwise.

WASHOUT
Wash"out`, n.

Defn: The washing out or away of earth, etc., especially of a portion
of the bed of a road or railroad by a fall of rain or a freshet;
also, a place, especially in the bed of a road or railroad, where the
earth has been washed away.

WASHPOT
Wash"pot`, n.

1. A pot or vessel in which anything is washed.

2. (Tin-Plate Manuf.)

Defn: A pot containing melted tin into which the plates are dipped to
be coated.

WASH SALE
Wash sale. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: A sale made in washing. See Washing, n., 3, above.

WASHSTAND
Wash"stand`, n.

Defn: A piece of furniture holding the ewer or pitcher, basin, and
other requisites for washing the person.

WASH STAND
Wash stand.

Defn: In a stable or garage, a place in the floor prepared so that
carriages or automobiles may be washed there and the water run off.
[Cant]

WASHTUB
Wash"tub`, n.

Defn: A tub in which clothes are washed.

WASHY
Wash"y, a. Etym: [From Wash.]

1. Watery; damp; soft. "Washy ooze." Milton.

2. Lacking substance or strength; weak; thin; dilute; feeble; as,
washy tea; washy resolutions.
A polish . . . not over thin and washy. Sir H. Wotton.

3. Not firm or hardy; liable to sweat profusely with labor; as, a
washy horse. [Local, U. S.]

WASITE
Wa"site, n. Etym: [See Wasium.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of allanite from Sweden supposed to contain wasium.

WASIUM
Wa"si*um, n. Etym: [NL. So called from Wasa, or Vasa, the name of a
former royal family of Sweden.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare element supposed by Bahr to have been extracted from
wasite, but now identified with thorium.

WASP
Wasp, n. Etym: [OE. waspe, AS. wæps, wæfs; akin to D. wesp, G. wespe,
OHG. wafsa, wefsa, Lith. vapsa gadfly, Russ. osa wasp, L. vespa, and
perhaps to E. weave.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of stinging hymenopterous insects,
esp. any of the numerous species of the genus Vespa, which includes
the true, or social, wasps, some of which are called yellow jackets.

Note: The social wasps make a complex series of combs, of a substance
like stiff paper, often of large size, and protect them by a
paperlike covering. The larvæ are reared in the cells of the combs,
and eat insects and insect larvæ brought to them by the adults, but
the latter feed mainly on the honey and pollen of flowers, and on the
sweet juices of fruit. See Illust. in Appendix. Digger wasp, any one
of numerous species of solitary wasps that make their nests in
burrows which they dig in the ground, as the sand wasps. See Sand
wasp, under Sand.
 -- Mud wasp. See under Mud.
 -- Potter wasp. See under Potter.
 -- Wasp fly, a species of fly resembling a wasp, but without a
sting.

WASPISH
Wasp"ish, a.

1. Resembling a wasp in form; having a slender waist, like a wasp.

2. Quick to resent a trifling affront; characterized by snappishness;
irritable; irascible; petulant; snappish.
He was naturally a waspish and hot man. Bp. Hall.
Much do I suffer, much, to keep in peace This jealous, waspish,
wrong-head, rhyming race. Pope.

Syn.
 -- Snappish; petulant; irritable; irascible; testy; peevish;
captious.
 -- Wasp"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Wasp"ish*ness, n.

WASSAIL
Was"sail, n. Etym: [AS. wes hal (or an equivalent form in another
dialect) be in health, which was the form of drinking a health. The
form wes is imperative. See Was, and Whole.]

1. An ancient expression of good wishes on a festive occasion,
especially in drinking to some one.
Geoffrey of Monmouth relates, on the authority of Walter Calenius,
that this lady [Rowena], the daughter of Hengist, knelt down on the
approach of the king, and, presenting him with a cup of wine,
exclaimed, Lord king wæs heil, that is, literally, Health be to you.
N. Drake.

2. An occasion on which such good wishes are expressed in drinking; a
drinking bout; a carouse. "In merry wassail he . . . peals his loud
song." Sir W. Scott.
The king doth wake to-night and takes his rouse, Keeps wassail. Shak.
The victors abandoned themselves to feasting and wassail. Prescott.

3. The liquor used for a wassail; esp., a beverage formerly much used
in England at Christmas and other festivals, made of ale (or wine)
flavored with spices, sugar, toast, roasted apples, etc.; -- called
also lamb's wool.
A jolly wassail bowl, A wassail of good ale. Old Song.

4. A festive or drinking song or glee. [Obs.]
Have you done your wassail! 'T is a handsome, drowsy ditty, I'll
assure you. Beau. & Fl.

WASSAIL
Was"sail, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to wassail, or to a wassail; convivial; as, a
wassail bowl. "Awassail candle, my lord, all tallow." Shak. Wassail
bowl, a bowl in which wassail was mixed, and placed upon the table.
"Spiced wassail bowl." J. Fletcher. "When the cloth was removed, the
butler brought in a huge silver vessel . . . Its appearance was
hailed with acclamation, being the wassail bowl so renowned in
Christmas festivity." W. Irving.
 -- Wassail cup, a cup from which wassail was drunk.

WASSAIL
Was"sail, v. i.

Defn: To hold a wassail; to carouse.
Spending all the day, and good part of the night, in dancing,
caroling, and wassailing. Sir P. Sidney.

WASSAILER
Was"sail*er, n.

Defn: One who drinks wassail; one who engages in festivity,
especially in drinking; a reveler.
The rudeness and swilled insolence Of such late wassailers. Milton.

WAST
Wast.

Defn: The second person singular of the verb be, in the indicative
mood, imperfect tense; -- now used only in solemn or poetical style.
See Was.

WASTAGE
Wast"age, n.

Defn: Loss by use, decay, evaporation, leakage, or the like; waste.

WASTE
Waste, a. Etym: [OE. wast, OF. wast, from L. vastus, influenced by
the kindred German word; cf. OHG. wuosti, G. wüst, OS. w, D. woest,
AS. weste. Cf. Vast.]

1. Desolate; devastated; stripped; bare; hence, dreary; dismal;
gloomy; cheerless.
The dismal situation waste and wild. Milton.
His heart became appalled as he gazed forward into the waste darkness
of futurity. Sir W. Scott.

2. Lying unused; unproductive; worthless; valueless; refuse;
rejected; as, waste land; waste paper.
But his waste words returned to him in vain. Spenser.
Not a waste or needless sound, Till we come to holier ground. Milton.
Ill day which made this beauty waste. Emerson.

3. Lost for want of occupiers or use; superfluous.
And strangled with her waste fertility. Milton.
Waste gate, a gate by which the superfluous water of a reservoir, or
the like, is discharged.
 -- Waste paper. See under Paper.
 -- Waste pipe, a pipe for carrying off waste, or superfluous, water
or other fluids. Specifically: (a) (Steam Boilers) An escape pipe.
See under Escape. (b) (Plumbing) The outlet pipe at the bottom of a
bowl, tub, sink, or the like.
 -- Waste steam. (a) Steam which escapes the air. (b) Exhaust steam.
 -- Waste trap, a trap for a waste pipe, as of a sink.

WASTE
Waste, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Wasting.] Etym:
[OE. wasten, OF. waster, guaster, gaster, F. gâter to spoil, L.
vastare to devastate, to lay waste, fr. vastus waste, desert,
uncultivated, ravaged, vast, but influenced by a kindred German word;
cf. OHG. wuosten, G. wüsten, AS. westan. See Waste, a.]

1. To bring to ruin; to devastate; to desolate; to destroy.
Thou barren ground, whom winter's wrath hath wasted, Art made a
mirror to behold my plight. Spenser.
The Tiber Insults our walls, and wastes our fruitful grounds. Dryden.

2. To wear away by degrees; to impair gradually; to diminish by
constant loss; to use up; to consume; to spend; to wear out.
Until your carcasses be wasted in the wilderness. Num. xiv. 33.
O, were I able To waste it all myself, and leave ye none! Milton.
Here condemned To waste eternal days in woe and pain. Milton.
Wasted by such a course of life, the infirmities of age daily grew on
him. Robertson.

3. To spend unnecessarily or carelessly; to employ prodigally; to
expend without valuable result; to apply to useless purposes; to
lavish vainly; to squander; to cause to be lost; to destroy by
scattering or injury.
The younger son gathered all together, and . . . wasted his substance
with riotous living. Luke xv. 13.
Full many a flower is born to blush unseen, And waste its sweetness
on the desert air. Gray.

4. (Law)

Defn: To damage, impair, or injure, as an estate, voluntarily, or by
suffering the buildings, fences, etc., to go to decay.

Syn.
 -- To squander; dissipate; lavish; desolate.

WASTE
Waste, v. i.

1. To be diminished; to lose bulk, substance, strength, value, or the
like, gradually; to be consumed; to dwindle; to grow less.
The time wasteth night and day. Chaucer.
The barrel of meal shall not waste. 1 Kings xvii. 14.
But man dieth, and wasteth away. Job xiv. 10.

2. (Sporting)

Defn: To procure or sustain a reduction of flesh; -- said of a jockey
in preparation for a race, etc.

WASTE
Waste, n. Etym: [OE. waste; cf. the kindred AS. w, OHG. w, wuosti, G.
wüste. See Waste, a. & v.]

1. The act of wasting, or the state of being wasted; a squandering;
needless destruction; useless consumption or expenditure;
devastation; loss without equivalent gain; gradual loss or decrease,
by use, wear, or decay; as, a waste of property, time, labor, words,
etc. "Waste . . . of catel and of time." Chaucer.
For all this waste of wealth loss of blood. Milton.
He will never . . . in the way of waste, attempt us again. Shak.
Little wastes in great establishments, constantly occurring, may
defeat the energies of a mighty capital. L. Beecher.

2. That which is wasted or desolate; a devastated, uncultivated, or
wild country; a deserted region; an unoccupied or unemployed space; a
dreary void; a desert; a wilderness. "The wastes of Nature." Emerson.
All the leafy nation sinks at last, And Vulcan rides in triumph o'er
the waste. Dryden.
The gloomy waste of waters which bears his name is his tomb and his
monument. Bancroft.

3. That which is of no value; worthless remnants; refuse.
Specifically: Remnants of cops, or other refuse resulting from the
working of cotton, wool, hemp, and the like, used for wiping
machinery, absorbing oil in the axle boxes of railway cars, etc.

4. (Law)

Defn: Spoil, destruction, or injury, done to houses, woods, fences,
lands, etc., by a tenant for life or for years, to the prejudice of
the heir, or of him in reversion or remainder.

Note: Waste is voluntary, as by pulling down buildings; or
permissive, as by suffering them to fall for want of necessary
repairs. Whatever does a lasting damage to the freehold is a waste.
Blackstone.

5. (Mining)

Defn: Old or abandoned workings, whether left as vacant space or
filled with refuse.

Syn.
 -- Prodigality; diminution; loss; dissipation; destruction;
devastation; havoc; desolation; ravage.

WASTEBASKET
Waste"bas`ket, n.

Defn: A basket used in offices, libraries, etc., as a receptacle for
waste paper.

WASTEBOARD
Waste"board`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Washboard, 3.

WASTEBOOK
Waste"book`, n. (Com.)

Defn: A book in which rough entries of transactions are made,
previous to their being carried into the journal.

WASTEFUL
Waste"ful, c.

1. Full of waste; destructive to property; ruinous; as; wasteful
practices or negligence; wasteful expenses.

2. Expending, or tending to expend, property, or that which is
valuable, in a needless or useless manner; lavish; prodigal; as, a
wasteful person; a wasteful disposition.

3. Waste; desolate; unoccupied; untilled. [Obs.]
In wilderness and wasteful desert strayed. Spenser.

Syn.
 -- Lavish; profuse; prodigal; extravagant.
 -- Waste"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Waste"ful*ness, n.

WASTEL
Was"tel, n. Etym: [OF. wastel, gastel, F. gâteau, LL. wastellus, fr.
MHG. wastel a kind of bread; cf. OHG. & AS. wist food.]

Defn: A kind of white and fine bread or cake; -- called also wastel
bread, and wastel cake. [Obs.]
Roasted flesh or milk and wasted bread. Chaucer.
The simnel bread and wastel cakes, which were only used at the tables
of the highest nobility. Sir W. Scott.

WASTENESS
Waste"ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being waste; a desolate state or
condition; desolation.
A day of trouble and distress, a day of wasteness. Zeph. i. 15.

2. That which is waste; a desert; a waste. [R.]
Through woods and wasteness wide him daily sought. Spenser.

WASTER
Wast"er, n. Etym: [OE. wastour, OF. wasteor, gasteor. See Waste, v.
t.]

1. One who, or that which, wastes; one who squanders; one who
consumes or expends extravagantly; a spendthrift; a prodigal.
He also that is slothful in his work is brother to him that is a
great waster. Prov. xviii. 9.
Sconces are great wasters of candles. Swift.

2. An imperfection in the wick of a candle, causing it to waste; --
called also a thief. Halliwell.

3. A kind of cudgel; also, a blunt-edged sword used as a foil.
Half a dozen of veneys at wasters with a good fellow for a broken
head. Beau. & Fl.
Being unable to wield the intellectual arms of reason, they are fain
to betake them unto wasters. Sir T. Browne.

WASTETHRIFT
Waste"thrift`, n.

Defn: A spendthrift. [Obs.]

WASTEWEIR
Waste"weir`, n.

Defn: An overfall, or weir, for the escape, or overflow, of
superfluous water from a canal, reservoir, pond, or the like.

WASTING
Wast"ing, a.

Defn: Causing waste; also, undergoing waste; diminishing; as, a
wasting disease; a wasting fortune. Wasting palsy (Med.), progressive
muscular atrophy. See under Progressive.

WASTOR
Wast"or, n.

Defn: A waster; a thief. [Obs. or R.] [Written also wastour.]
Chaucer. Southey.

WASTOREL
Wast"o*rel, n.

Defn: See Wastrel. [Obs.]

WASTREL
Wast"rel, n.

1. Any waste thing or substance; as:
(a) Waste land or common land. [Obs.] Carew.
(b) A profligate. [Prov. Eng.]
(c) A neglected child; a street Arab. [Eng.]

2. Anything cast away as bad or useless, as imperfect bricks, china,
etc. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

WATCH
Watch, n. Etym: [OE. wacche, AS. wæcce, fr. wacian to wake; akin to
D. wacht, waak, G. wacht, wache. Wake, v. i. ]

1. The act of watching; forbearance of sleep; vigil; wakeful,
vigilant, or constantly observant attention; close observation;
guard; preservative or preventive vigilance; formerly, a watching or
guarding by night.
Shepherds keeping watch by night. Milton.
All the long night their mournful watch they keep. Addison.

Note: Watch was formerly distinguished from ward, the former
signifying a watching or guarding by night, and the latter a
watching, guarding, or protecting by day Hence, they were not
unfrequently used together, especially in the phrase to keep watch
and ward, to denote continuous and uninterrupted vigilance or
protection, or both watching and guarding. This distinction is now
rarely recognized, watch being used to signify a watching or guarding
both by night and by day, and ward, which is now rarely used, having
simply the meaning of guard, or protection, without reference to
time.
Still, when she slept, he kept both watch and ward. Spenser.
Ward, guard, or custodia, is chiefly applied to the daytime, in order
to apprehend rioters, and robbers on the highway . . . Watch, is
properly applicable to the night only, . . . and it begins when ward
ends, and ends when that begins. Blackstone.

2. One who watches, or those who watch; a watchman, or a body of
watchmen; a sentry; a guard.
Pilate said unto them, Ye have a watch; go your way, make it as sure
as ye can. Matt. xxvii. 65.

3. The post or office of a watchman; also, the place where a watchman
is posted, or where a guard is kept.
He upbraids Iago, that he made him Brave me upon the watch. Shak.

4. The period of the night during which a person does duty as a
sentinel, or guard; the time from the placing of a sentinel till his
relief; hence, a division of the night.
I did stand my watch upon the hill. Shak.
Might we but hear . . . Or whistle from the lodge, or village cock
Count the night watches to his feathery dames. Milton.

5. A small timepiece, or chronometer, to be carried about the person,
the machinery of which is moved by a spring.

Note: Watches are often distinguished by the kind of escapement used,
as an anchor watch, a lever watch, a chronometer watch, etc. (see the
Note under Escapement, n., 3); also, by the kind of case, as a gold
or silver watch, an open-faced watch, a hunting watch, or hunter,
etc.

6. (Naut.)
(a) An allotted portion of time, usually four hour for standing
watch, or being on deck ready for duty. Cf. Dogwatch.
(b) That part, usually one half, of the officers and crew, who
together attend to the working of a vessel for an allotted time,
usually four hours. The watches are designated as the port watch, and
the starboard watch. Anchor watch (Naut.), a detail of one or more
men who keep watch on deck when a vessel is at anchor.
 -- To be on the watch, to be looking steadily for some event.
 -- Watch and ward (Law), the charge or care of certain officers to
keep a watch by night and a guard by day in towns, cities, and other
districts, for the preservation of the public peace. Wharton.
Burrill.
 -- Watch and watch (Naut.), the regular alternation in being on
watch and off watch of the two watches into which a ship's crew is
commonly divided.
 -- Watch barrel, the brass box in a watch, containing the
mainspring.
 -- Watch bell (Naut.), a bell struck when the half-hour glass is run
out, or at the end of each half hour. Craig.
 -- Watch bill (Naut.), a list of the officers and crew of a ship as
divided into watches, with their stations. Totten.
 -- Watch case, the case, or outside covering, of a watch; also, a
case for holding a watch, or in which it is kept.
 -- Watch chain. Same as watch guard, below.
 -- Watch clock, a watchman's clock; see under Watchman.
 -- Watch fire, a fire lighted at night, as a signal, or for the use
of a watch or guard.
 -- Watch glass. (a) A concavo-convex glass for covering the face, or
dial, of a watch; -- also called watch crystal. (b) (Naut.) A half-
hour glass used to measure the time of a watch on deck.(Chem.) A
round concavo-convex glass of shallow depth used for certain
manipulations of chemicals in a laboratory.
 -- Watch guard, a chain or cord by which a watch is attached to the
person.
 -- Watch gun (Naut.), a gun sometimes fired on shipboard at 8 p. m.,
when the night watch begins.
 -- Watch light, a low-burning lamp used by watchers at night;
formerly, a candle having a rush wick.
 -- Watch night, The last night of the year; -- so called by the
Methodists, Moravians, and others, who observe it by holding
religious meetings lasting until after midnight.
 -- Watch paper, an old-fashioned ornament for the inside of a watch
case, made of paper cut in some fanciful design, as a vase with
flowers, etc.
 -- Watch tackle (Naut.), a small, handy purchase, consisting of a
tailed double block, and a single block with a hook.

WATCH
Watch, v. i. Etym: [Cf. AS. woeccan, wacian. sq. root134. See Watch,
n., Wake, v. i. ]

1. To be awake; to be or continue without sleep; to wake; to keep
vigil.
I have two nights watched with you. Shak.
Couldest thou not watch one hour Mark xiv. 37.

2. To be attentive or vigilant; to give heed; to be on the lookout;
to keep guard; to act as sentinel.
Take ye heed, watch and pray. Mark xiii. 33.
The Son gave signal high To the bright minister that watched. Milton.

3. To be expectant; to look with expectation; to wait; to seek
opportunity.
My soul waiteth for the Lord more than they that watch for the
morning. Ps. cxxx. 6.

4. To remain awake with any one as nurse or attendant; to attend on
the sick during the night; as, to watch with a man in a fever.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: To serve the purpose of a watchman by floating properly in its
place; -- said of a buoy. To watch over, to be cautiously observant
of; to inspect, superintend, and guard.

WATCH
Watch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Watched; p. pr. & vb. n. Watching.]

1. To give heed to; to observe the actions or motions of, for any
purpose; to keep in view; not to lose from sight and observation; as,
to watch the progress of a bill in the legislature.
Saul also sent messengers unto David's house to watch him, and to
slay him. 1 Sam. xix. 11
I must cool a little, and watch my opportunity. Landor.
In lazy mood I watched the little circles die. Longfellow.

2. To tend; to guard; to have in keeping.
And flaming ministers, to watch and tend Their earthy charge. Milton.
Paris watched the flocks in the groves of Ida. Broome.

WATCHDOG
Watch"dog`, n.

Defn: A dog kept to watch and guard premises or property, and to give
notice of the approach of intruders.

WATCHER
Watch"er, n.

Defn: One who watches; one who sits up or continues; a diligent
observer; specifically, one who attends upon the sick during the
night.

WATCHES
Watch"es, n. pl. (Bot.)

Defn: The leaves of Sarace. See Trumpets.

WATCHET
Watchet, a. Etym: [Probably from F. vaciet bilberry, whortleberry;
cf. L. vaccinium blueberry, whortleberry.]

Defn: Pale or light blue. [Obs.] "Watchet mantles." Spenser.
Who stares in Germany at watchet eyes Dryden.

WATCHFUL
Watch"ful, a.

Defn: Full of watch; vigilant; attentive; careful to observe closely;
observant; cautious; -- with of before the thing to be regulated or
guarded; as, to be watchful of one's behavior; and with against
before the thing to be avoided; as, to be watchful against the growth
of vicious habits. "Many a watchful night." Shak. "Happy watchful
shepherds." Milton.
'Twixt prayer and watchful love his heart dividing. Keble.

Syn.
 -- Vigilant; attentive; cautious; observant; circumspect; wakeful;
heedful.
 -- Watch"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Watch"ful*ness, n.

WATCHHOUSE
Watch"house`, n.; pl. Watchhouses (.

1. A house in which a watch or guard is placed.

2. A place where persons under temporary arrest by the police of a
city are kept; a police station; a lockup.

WATCHMAKER
Watch"mak`er, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to make and repair watches.

WATCHMAN
Watch"man, n.; pl. Watchmen (.

1. One set to watch; a person who keeps guard; a guard; a sentinel.

2. Specifically, one who guards a building, or the streets of a city,
by night. Watchman beetle (Zoöl.), the European dor.
 -- Watchman's clock, a watchman's detector in which the apparatus
for recording the times of visiting several stations is contained
within a single clock.
 -- Watchman's detector, or Watchman's time detector, an apparatus
for recording the time when a watchman visits a station on his
rounds.
 -- Watchman's rattle, an instrument having at the end of a handle a
revolving arm, which, by the action of a strong spring upon cogs,
produces, when in motion, a loud, harsh, rattling sound.

WATCH MEETING
Watch meeting.

Defn: A religious meeting held in the closing hours of the year.

WATCHTOWER
Watch"tow`er, n.

Defn: A tower in which a sentinel is placed to watch for enemies, the
approach of danger, or the like.

WATCHWORD
Watch"word`, n.

1. A word given to sentinels, and to such as have occasion to visit
the guards, used as a signal by which a friend is known from an
enemy, or a person who has a right to pass the watch from one who has
not; a countersign; a password.

2. A sentiment or motto; esp., one used as a rallying cry or a signal
for action.
Nor deal in watchwords overmuch. Tennyson.

WATER
Wa"ter, n. Etym: [AS. wæter; akin to OS. watar, OFries. wetir, weter,
LG. & D. water, G. wasser, OHG. wazzar, Icel. vatn, Sw. vatten, Dan.
vand, Goth. wat, O. Slav. & Russ. voda, Gr. udan water, ud to wet,
and perhaps to L. unda wave. Dropsy, Hydra, Otter, Wet, Whisky.]

1. The fluid which descends from the clouds in rain, and which forms
rivers, lakes, seas, etc. "We will drink water." Shak."Powers of
fire, air, water, and earth." Milton.

Note: Pure water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, H2O, and is a
colorless, odorless, tasteless, transparent liquid, which is very
slightly compressible. At its maximum density, 39º Fahr. or 4º C., it
is the standard for specific gravities, one cubic centimeter weighing
one gram. It freezes at 32º Fahr. or 0º C. and boils at 212º Fahr. or
100º C. (see Ice, Steam). It is the most important natural solvent,
and is frequently impregnated with foreign matter which is mostly
removed by distillation; hence, rain water is nearly pure. It is an
important ingredient in the tissue of animals and plants, the human
body containing about two thirds its weight of water.

2. A body of water, standing or flowing; a lake, river, or other
collection of water.
Remembering he had passed over a small water a poor scholar when
first coming to the university, he kneeled. Fuller.

3. Any liquid secretion, humor, or the like, resembling water; esp.,
the urine.

4. (Pharm.)

Defn: A solution in water of a gaseous or readily volatile substance;
as, ammonia water. U. S. Pharm.

5. The limpidity and luster of a precious stone, especially a
diamond; as, a diamond of the first water, that is, perfectly pure
and transparent. Hence, of the first water, that is, of the first
excellence.

6. A wavy, lustrous pattern or decoration such as is imparted to
linen, silk, metals, etc. See Water, v. t., 3, Damask, v. t., and
Damaskeen.

7. An addition to the shares representing the capital of a stock
company so that the aggregate par value of the shares is increased
while their value for investment is diminished, or "diluted."
[Brokers' Cant]

Note: Water is often used adjectively and in the formation of many
self-explaining compounds; as, water drainage; water gauge, or water-
gauge; waterfowl, water-fowl, or water fowl; water-beaten; water-
borne, water-circled, water-girdled, water-rocked, etc. Hard water.
See under Hard.
 -- Inch of water, a unit of measure of quantity of water, being the
quantity which will flow through an orifice one inch square, or a
circular orifice one inch in diameter, in a vertical surface, under a
stated constant head; also called miner's inch, and water inch. The
shape of the orifice and the head vary in different localities. In
the Western United States, for hydraulic mining, the standard
aperture is square and the head from 4 to 9 inches above its center.
In Europe, for experimental hydraulics, the orifice is usually round
and the head from -- Mineral water, waters which are so impregnated
with foreign ingredients, such as gaseous, sulphureous, and saline
substances, as to give them medicinal properties, or a particular
flavor or temperature.
 -- Soft water, water not impregnated with lime or mineral salts.
 -- To hold water. See under Hold, v. t.
 -- To keep one's head above water, to keep afloat; fig., to avoid
failure or sinking in the struggles of life. [Colloq.] -- To make
water. (a) To pass urine. Swift. (b) (Naut.) To admit water; to leak.
 -- Water of crystallization (Chem.), the water combined with many
salts in their crystalline form. This water is loosely, but,
nevertheless, chemically, combined, for it is held in fixed and
definite amount for each substance containing it. Thus, while pure
copper sulphate, CuSO4, is a white amorphous substance, blue vitriol,
the crystallized form, CuSO4.5H2O, contains five molecules of water
of crystallization.
 -- Water on the brain (Med.), hydrocephalus.
 -- Water on the chest (Med.), hydrothorax.

Note: Other phrases, in which water occurs as the first element, will
be found in alphabetical order in the Vocabulary.

WATER
Wa"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Watered; p. pr. & vb. n. Watering.] Etym:
[AS. wæterian, gewæterian.]

1. To wet or supply with water; to moisten; to overflow with water;
to irrigate; as, to water land; to water flowers.
With tears watering the ground. Milton.
Men whose lives gilded on like rivers that water the woodlands.
Longfellow.

2. To supply with water for drink; to cause or allow to drink; as, to
water cattle and horses.

3. To wet and calender, as cloth, so as to impart to it a lustrous
appearance in wavy lines; to diversify with wavelike lines; as, to
water silk. Cf. Water, n., 6.

4. To add water to (anything), thereby extending the quantity or bulk
while reducing the strength or quality; to extend; to dilute; to
weaken. To water stock, to increase the capital stock of a company by
issuing new stock, thus diminishing the value of the individual
shares. Cf. Water, n., 7. [Brokers' Cant]

WATER
Wa"ter, v. i.

1. To shed, secrete, or fill with, water or liquid matter; as, his
eyes began to water.
If thine eyes can water for his death. Shak.

2. To get or take in water; as, the ship put into port to water. The
mouth waters, a phrase denoting that a person or animal has a longing
desire for something, since the sight of food often causes one who is
hungry to have an increased flow of saliva.

WATER ADDER
Wa"ter ad"der. (Zoöl.)
(a) The water moccasin.
(b) The common, harmless American water snake (Tropidonotus sipedon).
See Illust. under Water Snake.

WATERAGE
Wa"ter*age (; 48), n.

Defn: Money paid for transportation of goods, etc., by water. [Eng.]

WATER AGRIMONY
Wa"ter ag"ri*mo*ny. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of bur marigold (Bidens tripartita) found in wet places
in Europe.

WATER ALOE
Wa"ter al"oe. (Bot.)

Defn: See Water soldier.

WATER ANTELOPE
Wa"ter an"te*lope.

Defn: See Water buck.

WATER ARUM
Wa"ter a"rum. (Bot.)

Defn: An aroid herb (Calla palustris) having a white spathe. It is an
inhabitant of the north temperate zone.

WATER BACK
Wa"ter back`.

Defn: See under 1st Back.

WATER BAILIFF
Wa"ter bail"iff.

Defn: An officer of the customs, whose duty it is to search vessels.
[Eng.]

WATER BALLAST
Wa"ter bal"last. (Naut.)

Defn: Water confined in specially constructed compartments in a
vessel's hold, to serve as ballast.

WATER BAROMETER
Wa"ter ba*rom"e*ter. (Physics)

Defn: A barometer in which the changes of atmospheric pressure are
indicated by the motion of a column of water instead of mercury. It
requires a column of water about thirty-three feet in height.

WATER BATH
Wa"ter bath`.

Defn: A device for regulating the temperature of anything subjected
to heat, by surrounding the vessel containing it with another vessel
containing water which can be kept at a desired temperature; also, a
vessel designed for this purpose.

WATER BATTERY
Wa"ter bat"ter*y.

1. (Elec.)

Defn: A voltaic battery in which the exciting fluid is water.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A battery nearly on a level with the water.

WATER BEAR
Wa"ter bear`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Tardigrada, 2. See Illust. of Tardigrada.

WATER-BEARER
Wa"ter-bear`er, n. (Astron.)

Defn: The constellation Aquarius.

WATER BED
Wa"ter bed`.

Defn: A kind of mattress made of, or covered with, waterproof fabric
and filled with water. It is used in hospitals for bedridden
patients.

WATER BEECH
Wa"ter beech`. (Bot.)

Defn: The American hornbeam. See Hornbeam.

WATER BEETLE
Wa"ter bee"tle. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of aquatic beetles belonging to
Dytiscus and allied genera of the family Dytiscidæ, and to various
genera of the family Hydrophilidæ. These beetles swim with great
agility, the fringed hind legs acting together like oars.

WATER BELLOWS
Wa"ter bel"lows.

Defn: Same as Tromp.

WATER BIRD
Wa"ter bird`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any aquatic bird; a water fowl.

WATER BLACKBIRD
Wa"ter black"*bird. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European water ousel, or dipper.

WATERBOARD
Wa"ter*board`, n.

Defn: A board set up to windward in a boat, to keep out water. Ham.
Nav. Encyc.

WATER BOATMAN
Wa"ter boat`man. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A boat bug.

WATERBOK
Wa"ter*bok`, n. Etym: [D.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A water buck.

WATER-BOUND
Wa"ter-bound`, a.

Defn: Prevented by a flood from proceeding.

WATER BRAIN
Wa"ter brain`.

Defn: A disease of sheep; gid.

WATER BRASH
Wa"ter brash`. (Med.)

Defn: See under Brash.

WATER BREATHER
Wa"ter breath"er. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any arthropod that breathes by means of gills.

WATER BRIDGE
Wa"ter bridge`. (Steam Boilers)

Defn: See Water table.

WATER BUCK
Wa"ter buck`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, heavy antelope (Kobus ellipsiprymnus) native of
Central Africa. It frequents the banks of rivers and is a good
swimmer. It has a white ring around the rump. Called also photomok,
water antelope, and waterbok.

Note: The name is also applied to other related species, as the leche
(Kobus leche), which has similar habits.

WATER BUFFALO
Wa"ter buf"fa*lo. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European buffalo.

WATER BUG
Wa"ter bug`. (Zoöl.)
(a) The Croton bug.
(b) Any one of numerous species of large, rapacious, aquatic,
hemipterous insects belonging to Belostoma, Benacus, Zaitha, and
other genera of the family Belostomatidæ. Their hind legs are long
and fringed, and act like oars. Some of these insects are of great
size, being among the largest existing Hemiptera. Many of them come
out of the water and fly about at night.

WATER BUTT
Wa"ter butt`.

Defn: A large, open-headed cask, set up on end, to contain water.
Dickens.

WATER CALTROP
Wa"ter cal"trop. (Bot.)

Defn: The water chestnut.

WATER CAN
Wa"ter can`. (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several species of Nuphar; the yellow frog lily; --
so called from the shape of the seed vessel. See Nuphar, and cf.
Candock. Dr. Prior.

WATER CANKER
Wa"ter can"ker. (Med.)

Defn: See Canker, n., 1.

WATER CARRIAGE
Wa"ter car"riage.

1. Transportation or conveyance by water; means of transporting by
water.

2. A vessel or boat. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

WATER CART
Wa"ter cart`.

Defn: A cart carrying water; esp., one carrying water for sale, or
for sprinkling streets, gardens, etc.

WATER CAVY
Wa"ter ca"vy. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The capybara.

WATER CELERY
Wa"ter cel"er*y. (Bot.)

Defn: A very acrid herb (Ranunculus sceleratus) growing in ditches
and wet places; -- called also cursed crowfoot.

WATER CELL
Wa"ter cell`.

Defn: A cell containing water; specifically (Zoöl.), one of the cells
or chambers in which water is stored up in the stomach of a camel.

WATER CEMENT
Wa"ter ce*ment".

Defn: Hydraulic cement.

WATER CHESTNUT
Wa"ter chest"nut. (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of Trapa natans and Trapa bicornis, Old World water
plants bearing edible nutlike fruits armed with several hard and
sharp points; also, the plant itself; -- called also water caltrop.

WATER CHEVROTAIN
Wa"ter chev`ro*tain". (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large West African chevrotain (Hyæmoschus aquaticus). It has
a larger body and shorter legs than the other allied species. Called
also water deerlet.

WATER CHICKEN
Wa"ter chick"en. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common American gallinule.

WATER CHICKWEED
Wa"ter chick"weed`. (Bot.)

Defn: A small annual plant (Montia fontana) growing in wet places in
southern regions.

WATER CHINQUAPIN
Wa"ter chin"qua*pin. (Bot.)

Defn: The American lotus, and its edible seeds, which somewhat
resemble chinquapins. Cf. Yoncopin.

WATER CLOCK
Wa"ter clock`.

Defn: An instrument or machine serving to measure time by the fall,
or flow, of a certain quantity of water; a clepsydra.

WATER-CLOSET
Wa"ter-clos`et, n.

Defn: A privy; especially, a privy furnished with a contrivance for
introducing a stream of water to cleanse it.

WATER COCK
Wa"ter cock`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large gallinule (Gallicrex cristatus) native of Australia,
India, and the East Indies. In the breeding season the male is black
and has a fleshy red caruncle, or horn, on the top of its head.
Called also kora.

WATER COLOR
Wa"ter col`or. (Paint.)

1. A color ground with water and gum or other glutinous medium; a
color the vehicle of which is water; -- so called in distinction from
oil color.

Note: It preserves its consistency when dried in a solid cake, which
is used by rubbing off a portion on a moistened palette. Moist water
colors are water colors kept in a semifluid or pasty state in little
metal tubes or pans.

2. A picture painted with such colors.

WATER-COLORIST
Wa"ter-col`or*ist, n.

Defn: One who paints in water colors.

WATER COURSE
Wa"ter course`.

1. A stream of water; a river or brook. Isa. xliv. 4.

2. A natural channel for water; also, a canal for the conveyance of
water, especially in draining lands.

3. (Law)

Defn: A running stream of water having a bed and banks; the easement
one may have in the flowing of such a stream in its accustomed
course. A water course may be sometimes dry. Angell. Burrill.

WATERCOURSE
Wa"ter*course`, n. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: One of the holes in floor or other plates to permit water to
flow through.

WATER CRAFT
Wa"ter craft`.

Defn: Any vessel or boat plying on water; vessels and boats,
collectively.

WATER CRAKE
Wa"ter crake`. (Zoöl.)
(a) The dipper.
(b) The spotted crake (Porzana maruetta). See Illust. of Crake.
(c) The swamp hen, or crake, of Australia.

WATER CRANE
Wa"ter crane`.

Defn: A goose-neck apparatus for supplying water from an elevated
tank, as to the tender of a locomotive.

WATER CRESS
Wa"ter cress`. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial cruciferous herb (Nasturtium officinale) growing
usually in clear running or spring water. The leaves are pungent, and
used for salad and as an antiscorbutic.

WATER CROW
Wa"ter crow`. Etym: [So called in allusion to its dark plumage.]
(Zoöl.)
(a) The dipper.
(b) The European coot.

WATER CROWFOOT
Wa"ter crow"foot`. (Bot.)

Defn: An aquatic kind of buttercup (Ranunculus aquatilis), used as
food for cattle in parts of England. Great water crowfoot, an
American water plant (Ranunculus multifidus), having deep yellow
flowers.

WATER CURE
Wa"ter cure`.

1. (Med.)

Defn: Hydropathy.

2. A hydropathic institution.

WATER DECK
Wa"ter deck`.

Defn: A covering of painting canvas for the equipments of a dragoon's
horse. Wilhelm.

WATER DEER
Wa"ter deer`. (Zoöl.)
(a) A small Chinese deer (Hydropotes inermis). Both sexes are
destitute of antlers, but the male has large, descending canine
tusks.
(b) The water chevrotain.

WATER DEERLET
Wa"ter deer"let.

Defn: See Water chevrotain.

WATER DEVIL
Wa"ter dev"il. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The rapacious larva of a large water beetle (Hydrophilus
piceus), and of other similar species. See Illust. of Water beetle.

WATER DOCK
Wa"ter dock`. (Bot.)

Defn: A tall, coarse dock growing in wet places. The American water
dock is Rumex orbiculatus, the European is R. Hydrolapathum.

WATER DOCTOR
Wa"ter doc"tor. (Med.)
(a) One who professes to be able to divine diseases by inspection of
the urine.
(b) A physician who treats diseases with water; an hydropathist.

WATER DOG
Wa"ter dog`.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dog accustomed to the water, or trained to retrieve
waterfowl. Retrievers, waters spaniels, and Newfoundland dogs are so
trained.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The menobranchus.

3. A small floating cloud, supposed to indicate rain.

4. A sailor, esp. an old sailor; an old salt. [Colloq.]

WATER DRAIN
Wa"ter drain`.

Defn: A drain or channel for draining off water.

WATER DRAINAGE
Wa"ter drain"age (; 48).

Defn: The draining off of water.

WATER DRESSING
Wa"ter dress"ing. (Med.)

Defn: The treatment of wounds or ulcers by the application of water;
also, a dressing saturated with water only, for application to a
wound or an ulcer.

WATER DROPWORT
Wa"ter drop"wort`. (Bot.)

Defn: A European poisonous umbelliferous plant (Enanthe fistulosa)
with large hollow stems and finely divided leaves.

WATER EAGLE
Wa"ter ea"gle. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The osprey.

WATER ELDER
Wa"ter el"der. (Bot.)

Defn: The guelder-rose.

WATER ELEPHANT
Wa"ter el"e*phant. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hippopotamus. [R.]

WATER ENGINE
Wa"ter en"gine.

Defn: An engine to raise water; or an engine moved by water; also, an
engine or machine for extinguishing fires; a fire engine.

WATERER
Wa"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, waters.

WATERFALL
Wa"ter*fall`, n.

1. A fall, or perpendicular descent, of the water of a river or
stream, or a descent nearly perpendicular; a cascade; a cataract.

2. (Hairdressing)

Defn: An arrangement of a woman's back hair over a cushion or frame
in some resemblance to a waterfall.

3. A certain kind of neck scarf. T. Hughes.

WATER FEATHER; WATER FEATHER-FOIL
Wa"ter feath"er or Wa"ter feath"er-foil`. (Bot.)

Defn: The water violet (Hottonia palustris); also, the less showy
American plant H. inflata.

WATER FLAG
Wa"ter flag`. (Bot.)

Defn: A European species of Iris (Iris Pseudacorus) having bright
yellow flowers.

WATER FLANNEL
Wa"ter flan"nel. (Bot.)

Defn: A floating mass formed in pools by the entangled filaments of a
European fresh-water alga (Cladophora crispata).

WATER FLEA
Wa"ter flea`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small aquatic Entomostraca
belonging to the genera Cyclops, Daphnia, etc; -- so called because
they swim with sudden leaps, or starts.

WATERFLOOD
Wa"ter*flood`, n. Etym: [AS. wæterflod.]

Defn: A flood of water; an inundation.

WATER FLOUNDER
Wa"ter floun"der. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The windowpane (Pleuronectes maculatus). [Local, U. S.]

WATERFOWL
Wa"ter*fowl`, n.

Defn: Any bird that frequents the water, or lives about rivers,
lakes, etc., or on or near the sea; an aquatic fowl; -- used also
collectively.

Note: Of aquatic fowls, some are waders, or furnished with long legs;
others are swimmers, or furnished with webbed feet.

WATER FOX
Wa"ter fox`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The carp; -- so called on account of its cunning. Walton.

WATER FRAME
Wa"ter frame`.

Defn: A name given to the first power spinning machine, because
driven by water power.

WATER FURROW
Wa"ter fur"row. (Agric.)

Defn: A deep furrow for conducting water from the ground, and keeping
the surface soil dry.

WATER-FURROW
Wa"ter-fur"row, v. t.

Defn: To make water furrows in.

WATER GAGE
Wa"ter gage`.

Defn: See Water gauge.

WATER GALL
Wa"ter gall`.

1. A cavity made in the earth by a torrent of water; a washout.

2. A watery appearance in the sky, accompanying the rainbow; a
secondary or broken rainbow.
These water galls, in her dim element, Foretell new storms to those
already spent. Shak.
False good news are [is] always produced by true good, like the water
gall by the rainbow. Walpole.

WATER GANG
Wa"ter gang`. (O. E. Law)

Defn: A passage for water, such as was usually made in a sea wall, to
drain water out of marshes. Burrill.

WATER GAS
Wa"ter gas`. (Chem.)

Defn: See under Gas.

WATER GATE
Wa"ter gate`.

Defn: A gate, or valve, by which a flow of water is permitted,
prevented, or regulated.

WATER GAUGE
Wa"ter gauge`. [Written also water gage.]

1. A wall or bank to hold water back. Craig.

2. An instrument for measuring or ascertaining the depth or quantity
of water, or for indicating the height of its surface, as in the
boiler of a steam engine. See Gauge.

WATER GAVEL
Wa"ter gav"el. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A gavel or rent paid for a privilege, as of fishing, in some
river or water.

WATER GERMANDER
Wa"ter ger*man"der. (Bot.)

Defn: A labiate plant (Teucrium Scordium) found in marshy places in
Europe.

WATER GILDING
Wa"ter gild"ing.

Defn: The act, or the process, of gilding metallic surfaces by
covering them with a thin coating of amalgam of gold, and then
volatilizing the mercury by heat; -- called also wash gilding.

WATER GLASS
Wa"ter glass`. (Chem.)

Defn: See Soluble glass, under Glass.

WATER GOD
Wa"ter god`. (Myth.)

Defn: A fabulous deity supposed to dwell in, and preside over, some
body of water.

WATER GRASS
Water grass.
 (a) A tall march perennial grass (Paspalum dilatatum) of the
southern United States and the American tropics.
 (b) Manna grass.
 (c) The grass Chloris elegans.
 (d) [Dial. Eng.] (1) Velvet grass. (2)

Defn: The water cress. (3)

Defn: One of various horsetails.

WATER GRUEL
Wa"ter gru"el.

Defn: A liquid food composed of water and a small portion of meal, or
other farinaceous substance, boiled and seasoned.

WATER HAMMER
Wa"ter ham"mer. (Physics)

1. A vessel partly filled with water, exhausted of air, and
hermetically sealed. When reversed or shaken, the water being
unimpeded by air, strikes the sides in solid mass with a sound like
that of a hammer.

2. A concussion, or blow, made by water in striking, as against the
sides of a pipe or vessel containing it.

WATER HARE
Wa"ter hare. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small American hare or rabbit (Lepus aquaticus) found on or
near the southern coasts of the United States; -- called also water
rabbit, and swamp hare.

WATER HEMLOCK
Wa"ter hem"lock. (Bot)
(a) A poisonous umbelliferous plant (Cicuta virosa) of Europe; also,
any one of several plants of that genus.
(b) A poisonous plant () resembling the above.

WATER HEMP
Wa"ter hemp`. (Bot.)

Defn: See under Hemp.

WATER HEN
Wa"ter hen`.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any gallinule.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common American coot.

WATER HOG
Wa"ter hog`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The capybara.

WATER HOREHOUND
Wa"ter hore"hound`. (Bot.)

Defn: Bugleweed.

WATERHORSE
Wa"ter*horse`, n.

Defn: A pile of salted fish heaped up to drain.

WATER HYACINTH
Wa"ter hy"a*cinth. (Bot.)

Defn: Either of several tropical aquatic plants of the genus
Eichhornia, related to the pickerel weed.

WATER ICE
Wa"ter ice`.

Defn: Water flavored, sweetened, and frozen, to be eaten as a
confection.

WATERIE
Wa"ter*ie, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pied wagtail; -- so called because it frequents ponds.

WATER INCH
Wa"ter inch`.

Defn: Same as Inch of water, under Water.

WATERINESS
Wa"ter*i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being watery; moisture; humidity.

WATERING
Wa"ter*ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Water, v. Watering call (Mil.), a sound of trumpet
or bugle summoning cavalry soldiers to assemble for the purpose of
watering their horses.
 -- Watering cart, a sprinkling cart. See Water.
 -- Watering place. (a) A place where water may be obtained, as for a
ship, for cattle, etc. (b) A place where there are springs of
medicinal water, or a place by the sea, or by some large body of
water, to which people resort for bathing, recreation, boating, etc.
 -- Watering pot. (a) A kind of bucket fitted with a rose, or
perforated nozzle, -- used for watering flowers, paths, etc. (b)
(Zoöl.) Any one of several species of marine bivalve shells of the
genus Aspergillum, or Brechites. The valves are small, and
consolidated with the capacious calcareous tube which incases the
entire animal. The tube is closed at the anterior end by a convex
disk perforated by numerous pores, or tubules, and resembling the
rose of a watering pot.
 -- Watering trough, a trough from which cattle, horses, and other
animals drink.

WATERISH
Wa"ter*ish, a. Etym: [AS. wæterisc.]

1. Resembling water; thin; watery.
Feed upon such nice and waterish diet. Shak.

2. Somewhat watery; moist; as, waterish land.

WATERISHNESS
Wa"ter*ish*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being waterish.

WATER JACKET
Wa"ter jac"ket.

Defn: A chamber surrounding a vessel or tube in which water may be
circulated, thereby regulating the temperature or supply of heat to
the vessel. Used in laboratory and manufacturing equipment. water-
jacketed. Having a water jacket; -- as, a water-jacketed condenser.

WATER JOINT
Wa"ter joint`. (Arch.)

Defn: A joint in a stone pavement where the stones are left slightly
higher than elsewhere, the rest of the surface being sunken or
dished. The raised surface is intended to prevent the settling of
water in the joints.

WATER JUNKET
Wa"ter jun"ket. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common sandpiper.

WATER-LAID
Wa"ter-laid`, a.

Defn: Having a left-hand twist; -- said of cordage; as, a water-laid,
or left-hand, rope.

WATERLANDER; WATERLANDIAN
Wa`ter*land"er, Wa`ter*land"i*an n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a body of Dutch Anabaptists who separated from the
Mennonites in the sixteenth century; -- so called from a district in
North Holland denominated Waterland.

WATER LAVEROCK
Wa"ter la"ver*ock. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common sandpiper.

WATERLEAF
Wa"ter*leaf`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the American genus Hydrophyllum, herbs having
white or pale blue bell-shaped flowers. Gray.

WATER LEG
Wa"ter leg`. (Steam Boilers)

Defn: See Leg, 7.

WATER LEMON
Wa"ter lem"on. (Bot.)

Defn: The edible fruit of two species of passion flower (Passiflora
laurifolia, and P. maliformis); -- so called in the West Indies.

WATERLESS
Wa"ter*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of water; dry. Chaucer.

WATER LETTUCE
Wa"ter let"tuce. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Pistia stratiotes) which floats on tropical waters,
and forms a rosette of spongy, wedge-shaped leaves. J. Smith (Dict.
Econ. Plants).

WATER LEVEL
Wa"ter lev"el.

1. The level formed by the surface of still water.

2. A kind of leveling instrument. See under Level, n.

WATER LILY
Wa"ter lil`y. (Bot.)

Defn: A blossom or plant of any species of the genus Nymphæa,
distinguished for its large floating leaves and beautiful flowers.
See Nymphæa.

Note: The name is extended to various plants of other related genera,
as Nuphar, Euryale, Nelumbo, and Victoria. See Euryale, Lotus, and
Victoria, 1.

WATER LIME
Wa"ter lime`.

Defn: Hydraulic lime.

WATER LINE
Wa"ter line`.

1. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: Any one of certain lines of a vessel, model, or plan, parallel
with the surface of the water at various heights from the keel.

Note: In a half-breadth plan, the water lines are outward curves
showing the horizontal form of the ship at their several heights; in
a sheer plan, they are projected as straight horizontal lines.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Any one of several lines marked upon the outside of a vessel,
corresponding with the surface of the water when she is afloat on an
even keel. The lowest line indicates the vessel's proper submergence
when not loaded, and is called the light water line; the highest,
called the load water line, indicates her proper submergence when
loaded. Water-line model (Shipbuilding), a model of a vessel formed
of boards which are shaped according to the water lines as shown in
the plans and laid upon each other to form a solid model.

WATER LIZARD
Wa"ter liz"ard. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any aquatic lizard of the genus Varanus, as the monitor of the
Nile. See Monitor, n., 3.

WATER LOCUST
Wa"ter lo"cust. (Bot.)

Defn: A thorny leguminous tree (Gleditschia monosperma) which grows
in the swamps of the Mississippi valley.

WATER-LOGGED
Wa"ter-logged, a.

Defn: Filled or saturated with water so as to be heavy, unmanageable,
or loglike; -- said of a vessel, when, by receiving a great quantity
of water into her hold, she has become so heavy as not to be
manageable by the helm.

WATERMAN
Wa"ter*man, n.; pl. Watermen (.

1. A man who plies for hire on rivers, lakes, or canals, or in
harbors, in distinction from a seaman who is engaged on the high
seas; a man who manages fresh-water craft; a boatman; a ferryman.

2. An attendant on cab stands, etc., who supplies water to the
horses. [Eng.] Dickens.

3. A water demon. Tylor.

WATERMANSHIP
Wa"ter*man*ship`, n.

1. The business or skill of a waterman.

2.  Art of, or skill in, rowing; oarsmanship; specif., skill in
managing the blade in the water, as distinguished from managing arms,
body, etc., in the stroke.

WATERMARK
Wa"ter*mark`, n.

1. A mark indicating the height to which water has risen, or at which
it has stood; the usual limit of high or low water.

2. A letter, device, or the like, wrought into paper during the
process of manufacture.

Note: "The watermark in paper is produced by bending the wires of the
mold, or by wires bent into the shape of the required letter or
device, and sewed to the surface of the mold; -- it has the effect of
making the paper thinner in places. The old makers employed
watermarks of an eccentric kind. Those of Caxton and other early
printers were an oxhead and star, a collared dog's head, a crown, a
shield, a jug, etc. A fool's cap and bells, employed as a watermark,
gave the name to foolscap paper; a postman's horn, such as was
formerly in use, gave the name to post paper." Tomlinson.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: See Water line, 2. [R.]

WATER MEADOW
Wa"ter mead"ow. (Agric.)

Defn: A meadow, or piece of low, flat land, capable of being kept in
a state of fertility by being overflowed with water from some
adjoining river or stream.

WATER MEASURE
Wa"ter meas"ure.

Defn: A measure formerly used for articles brought by water, as
coals, oysters, etc. The water-measure bushel was three gallons
larger than the Winchester bushel. Cowell.

WATER MEASURER
Wa"ter meas"ur*er. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of water; the skater. See Skater,
n., 2.

WATERMELON
Wa"ter*mel`on, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The very large ovoid or roundish fruit of a cucurbitaceous
plant (Citrullus vulgaris) of many varieties; also, the plant itself.
The fruit sometimes weighs many pounds; its pulp is usually pink in
color, and full of a sweet watery juice. It is a native of tropical
Africa, but is now cultivated in many countries. See Illust. of
Melon.

WATER METER
Wa"ter me"ter.

Defn: A contrivance for measuring a supply of water delivered or
received for any purpose, as from a street main.

WATER MILFOIL
Wa"ter mil"foil. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Myriophyllum, aquatic herbs with whorled
leaves, the submersed ones pinnately parted into capillary divisions.

WATER MILL
Wa"ter mill`.

Defn: A mill whose machinery is moved by water; -- distinguished from
a windmill, and a steam mill.

WATER MINT
Wa"ter mint`.

Defn: A kind of mint (Mentha aquatica) growing in wet places, and
sometimes having a perfume resembling bergamot.

WATER MITE
Wa"ter mite`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any of numerous species of aquatic mites belonging to Hydrachna
and allied genera of the family Hydrachnidæ, usually having the legs
fringed and adapted for swimming. They are often red or red and black
in color, and while young are parasites of fresh-water insects and
mussels. Called also water tick, and water spider.

WATER MOCCASIN
Wa"ter moc"ca*sin. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A venomous North American snake (Ancistrodon piscivorus) allied
to the rattlesnake but destitute of a rattle. It lives in or about
pools and ponds, and feeds largely of fishes. Called also water
snake, water adder, water viper.

WATER MOLE
Wa"ter mole`. (Zoöl.)
(a) The shrew mole. See under Shrew.
(b) The duck mole. See under Duck.

WATER MONITOR
Wa"ter mon"i*tor. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large lizard (Varanaus salvator) native of India. It
frequents the borders of streams and swims actively. It becomes five
or six feet long. Called also two-banded monitor, and kabaragoya. The
name is also applied to other aquatic monitors.

WATER MONKEY
Water monkey.

Defn: A jar or bottle, as of porous earthenware, in which water is
cooled by evaporation.

WATER MOTOR
Wa"ter mo"tor.

1. A water engine.

2. A water wheel; especially, a small water wheel driven by water
from a street main.

WATER MOUSE
Wa"ter mouse`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of mice belonging to the genus
Hydromys, native of Australia and Tasmania. Their hind legs are
strong and their toes partially webbed. They live on the borders of
streams, and swim well. They are remarkable as being the only rodents
found in Australia.

WATER MURRAIN
Wa"ter mur"rain.

Defn: A kind of murrain affecting cattle. Crabb.

WATER NEWT
Wa"ter newt`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of aquatic salamanders; a triton.

WATER NYMPH
Wa"ter nymph`.

1. (Myth.)

Defn: A goddess of any stream or other body of water, whether one of
the Naiads, Nereids, or Oceanides.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A water lily (Nymphæa).

WATER OAT
Wa"ter oat`.

Defn: Indian rice. See under Rice.

WATER OPOSSUM
Wa"ter o*pos"sum. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Yapock, and the Note under Opossum.

WATER ORDEAL
Wa"ter or"de*al.

Defn: Same as Ordeal by water. See the Note under Ordeal, n., 1.

WATER OUSEL; WATER OUZEL
Wa"ter ou"sel, Wa"ter ou"zel. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small insessorial birds of the
genus Cinclus (or Hydrobates), especially the European water ousel
(C. aquaticus), and the American water ousel (C. Mexicanus). These
birds live about the water, and are in the habit of walking on the
bottom of streams beneath the water in search of food.

WATER PARSNIP
Wa"ter pars"nip. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the aquatic umbelliferous genus Sium, poisonous
herbs with pinnate or dissected leaves and small white flowers.

WATER PARTING
Water parting. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A summit from the opposite sides of which rain waters flow to
different streams; a line separating the drainage districts of two
streams or coasts; a divide.

WATER PARTRIDGE
Wa"ter par"tridge. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ruddy duck. [Local, U. S.]

WATER PENNYWORT
Wa"ter pen"ny*wort`. (Bot.)

Defn: Marsh pennywort. See under Marsh.

WATER PEPPER
Wa"ter pep"per. (Bot.)
(a) Smartweed.
(b) Waterwort.

WATER PHEASANT
Wa"ter pheas"ant. (Zoöl.)
(a) The pintail. See Pintail, n., 1.
(b) The goosander.
(c) The hooded merganser.

WATER PIET
Wa"ter pi"et. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The water ousel.

WATER PIG
Wa"ter pig`.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The capybara.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gourami.

WATER PILLAR
Wa"ter pil"lar.

Defn: A waterspout. [Obs.]

WATER PIMPERNEL
Wa"ter pim"per*nel. (Bot.)

Defn: A small white-flowered shrub; brookweed.

WATER PIPE
Wa"ter pipe.

Defn: A pipe for conveying water.

WATER PITCHER
Wa"ter pitch"er.

1. A pitcher for water.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: One of a family of plants having pitcher-shaped leaves. The
sidesaddle flower (Sarracenia purpurea) is the type.

WATER PLANT
Wa"ter plant`.

Defn: A plant that grows in water; an aquatic plant.

WATER PLANTAIN
Wa"ter plan"tain. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of plant with acrid leaves. See under 2d Plantain.

WATER PLATE
Wa"ter plate`.

Defn: A plate heated by hot water contained in a double bottom or
jacket. Knight.

WATER POA
Wa"ter po"a. (Bot.)

Defn: Meadow reed grass. See under Reed.

WATER POCKET
Water pocket.

Defn: A water hole in the bed of an intermittent stream, esp. the
bowl at the foot of a cliff over which the stream leaps when in the
flood stage. [Western U. S.]

WATER POISE
Wa"ter poise`.

Defn: A hydrometer.

WATER PORE
Wa"ter pore`

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A pore by which the water tubes of various invertebrates open
externally.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: One of certain minute pores in the leaves of some plants. They
are without true guardian cells, but in other respects closely
resemble ordinary stomata. Goodale.

WATERPOT
Wa"ter*pot`, n.

Defn: A vessel for holding or conveying water, or for sprinkling
water on cloth, plants, etc.

WATER POWER
Wa"ter pow"er.

1. The power of water employed to move machinery, etc.

2. A fall of water which may be used to drive machinery; a site for a
water mill; a water privilege.

WATER POX
Wa"ter pox`. (Med.)

Defn: A variety of chicken pox, or varicella. Dunglison.

WATER PRIVILEGE
Wa"ter priv"i*lege.

Defn: The advantage of using water as a mechanical power; also, the
place where water is, or may be, so used. See under Privilege.

WATERPROOF
Wa"ter*proof`, a.

Defn: Proof against penetration or permeation by water; impervious to
water; as, a waterproof garment; a waterproof roof.

WATERPROOF
Wa"ter*proof`, n.

1. A substance or preparation for rendering cloth, leather, etc.,
impervious to water.

2. Cloth made waterproof, or any article made of such cloth, or of
other waterproof material, as rubber; esp., an outer garment made of
such material.

WATERPROOF
Wa"ter*proof`, v. t.

Defn: To render impervious to water, as cloth, leather, etc.

WATERPROOFING
Wa"ter*proof`ing, n.

1. The act or process of making waterproof.

2. Same as Waterproof, n., 1.

WATER PURSLANE
Wa"ter purs"lane. (Bot.)

Defn: See under Purslane.

WATER QUALM
Wa"ter qualm`. (Med.)

Defn: See Water brash, under Brash.

WATER RABBIT
Wa"ter rab"bit. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Water hare.

WATER RADISH
Wa"ter rad"ish. (Bot.)

Defn: A coarse yellow-flowered plant (Nasturtium amphibium) related
to the water cress and to the horse-radish.

WATER RAIL
Wa"ter rail`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of rails of the genus Rallus, as
the common European species (Rallus aquaticus). See Illust. of Rail.

WATER RAM
Wa"ter ram`.

Defn: An hydraulic ram.

WATER RAT
Wa"ter rat`.

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) The water vole. See under Vole.
(b) The muskrat.
(c) The beaver rat. See under Beaver.

2. A thief on the water; a pirate.

WATER RATE
Wa"ter rate`.

Defn: A rate or tax for a supply of water.

WATER RATTLE; WATER RATTLER
Wa"ter rat"tle or Wa"ter rat"tler. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The diamond rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus); -- so called
from its preference for damp places near water.

WATER-RET
Wa"ter-ret`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Water-retted; p. pr. & vb. n. Water-
retting.]

Defn: To ret, or rot, in water, as flax; to water-rot.

WATER RICE
Wa"ter rice".

Defn: Indian rice. See under Rice.

WATER ROCKET
Wa"ter rock"et.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A cruciferous plant (Nasturtium sylvestre) with small yellow
flowers.

2. A kind of firework to be discharged in the water.

WATER-ROT
Wa"ter-rot`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Water-rotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Water-
rotting.]

Defn: To rot by steeping in water; to water-ret; as, to water-rot
hemp or flax.

WATER SAIL
Wa"ter sail`. (Naut.)

Defn: A small sail sometimes set under a studding sail or under a
driver boom, and reaching nearly to the water.

WATER SAPPHIRE
Wa"ter sap"phire. Etym: [Equiv. to F. saphir d'eau.] (Min.)

Defn: A deep blue variety of iolite, sometimes used as a gem; --
called also saphir d'eau.

WATERSCAPE
Wa"ter*scape", n. Etym: [Cf. Landscape.]

Defn: A sea view; -- distinguished from landscape. [Jocose] Fairholt.

WATER SCORPION
Wa"ter scor"pi*on. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Nepa.

WATER SCREW
Wa"ter screw`.

Defn: A screw propeller.

WATERSHED
Wa"ter*shed`, n. Etym: [Cf. G. wasserscheide; wasser water + scheide
a place where two things separate, fr. scheiden to separate.]

1. The whole region or extent of country which contributes to the
supply of a river or lake.

2. The line of division between two adjacent rivers or lakes with
respect to the flow of water by natural channels into them; the
natural boundary of a basin.

WATER SHIELD
Wa"ter shield`. (Bot.)

Defn: An aquatic American plant (Brasenia peltata) having floating
oval leaves, and the covered with a clear jelly.

WATERSHOOT
Wa"ter*shoot`, n.

1. A sprig or shoot from the root or stock of a tree. [Obs.]

2. (Arch.)

Defn: That which serves to guard from falling water; a drip or
dripstone.

3. A trough for discharging water.

WATER SHREW
Wa"ter shrew`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of shrews having fringed feet and
capable of swimming actively. The two common European species
(Crossopus fodiens, and C. ciliatus) are the best known. The most
common American water shrew, or marsh shrew (Neosorex palustris), is
rarely seen, owing to its nocturnal habits.

WATER SNAIL
Wa"ter snail`.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any aquatic pulmonate gastropod belonging to Planorbis, Limnæa,
and allied genera; a pond snail.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: The Archimedean screw. [R.]

WATER SNAKE
Wa"ter snake`. (Zoöl.)
(a) A common North American colubrine snake (Tropidonotus sipedon)
which lives chiefly in the water.
(b) Any species of snakes of the family Homalopsidæ, all of which are
aquatic in their habits.

WATER-SOAK
Wa"ter-soak`, v. t.

Defn: To soak water; to fill the interstices of with water.

WATER SOLDIER
Wa"ter sol`dier. (Bot.)

Defn: An aquatic European plant (Stratiotes aloides) with bayonet-
shaped leaves.

WATER SOUCHY
Wa"ter souch`y. (Cookery)

Defn: A dish consisting of small fish stewed and served in a little
water. [Written also water souchet.] See Zoutch.

WATER SPANIEL
Wa"ter span"iel.

Defn: A curly-haired breed of spaniels, naturally very fond of the
water.

WATER SPARROW
Wa"ter spar"row. (Zoöl.)
(a) The reed warbler. [Prov. Eng.]
(b) The reed bunting. [Prov. Eng.]

WATER SPEEDWELL
Wa"ter speed"well. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of speedwell (Veronica Anagallis) found in wet places in
Europe and America.

WATER SPIDER
Wa"ter spi"der. (Zoöl.)
(a) An aquatic European spider (Argyoneta aquatica) which constructs
its web beneath the surface of the water on water plants. It lives in
a bell-shaped structure of silk, open beneath like a diving bell, and
filled with air which the spider carries down in the form of small
bubbles attached one at a time to the spinnerets and hind feet.
Called also diving spider.
(b) A water mite.
(c) Any spider that habitually lives on or about the water,
especially the large American species (Dolomedes lanceolatus) which
runs rapidly on the surface of water; -- called also raft spider.

WATER SPINNER
Wa"ter spin`ner. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The water spider.

WATERSPOUT
Wa"ter*spout`, n.

Defn: A remarkable meteorological phenomenon, of the nature of a
tornado or whirlwind, usually observed over the sea, but sometimes
over the land.

Note: Tall columns, apparently of cloud, and reaching from the sea to
the clouds, are seen moving along, often several at once, sometimes
straight and vertical, at other times inclined and tortuous, but
always in rapid rotation. At their bases, the sea is violently
agitated and heaped up with a leaping or boiling motion, water, at
least in some cases, being actually carried up in considerable
quantity, and scattered round from a great height, as solid bodies
are by tornadoes on land. Sir J. Herschel.

WATER SPRITE
Wa"ter sprite`.

Defn: A sprite, or spirit, imagined as inhabiting the water. J. R.
Drake.

WATER-STANDING
Wa"ter-stand`ing, a.

Defn: Tear-filled. [R.] "Many an orphan's water-standing eye." Shak.

WATER STAR GRASS
Wa"ter star" grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: An aquatic plant (Schollera graminea) with grassy leaves, and
yellow star-shaped blossoms.

WATER STARWORT
Wa"ter star"wort`.

Defn: See under Starwort.

WATER SUPPLY
Wa"ter sup*ply".

Defn: A supply of water; specifically, water collected, as in
reservoirs, and conveyed, as by pipes, for use in a city, mill, or
the like.

WATER TABBY
Wa"ter tab"by.

Defn: A kind of waved or watered tabby. See Tabby, n., 1.

WATER TABLE
Wa"ter ta"ble. (Arch.)

Defn: A molding, or other projection, in the wall of a building, to
throw off the water, -- generally used in the United States for the
first table above the surface of the ground (see Table, n., 9), that
is, for the table at the top of the foundation and the beginning of
the upper wall.

WATERTATH
Wa"ter*tath`, n. Etym: [Water + tath, n.]

Defn: A kind of coarse grass growing in wet grounds, and supposed to
be injurious to sheep. [Prov. Eng.]

WATER TELESCOPE
Water telescope.

1. (Optics) A telescope in which the medium between the objective and
the eye piece is water instead of air, used in some experiments in
aberration.

2.  A telescope devised for looking into a body of water.

WATER TENDER
Water tender. (Nav.)

Defn: In the United States navy, a first-class petty officer in
charge in a fireroom. He "tends" water to the boilers, sees that
fires are properly cleaned and stoked, etc. There is also a rating of
chief water tender, who is a chief petty officer.

WATER THERMOMETER
Wa"ter ther*mom"e*ter. (Physics)

Defn: A thermometer filled with water instead of mercury, for
ascertaining the precise temperature at which water attains its
maximum density. This is about 39º Fahr., or 4º Centigrade; and from
that point down to 32º Fahr., or 0º Centigrade, or the freezing
point, it expands.

WATER THIEF
Wa"ter thief`.

Defn: A pirate. [R.] Shak.

WATER THRUSH
Wa"ter thrush`. (Zoöl.)
(a) A North American bird of the genus Seiurus, belonging to the
Warbler family, especially the common species (S. Noveboracensis).
(b) The European water ousel.
(b) The pied wagtail.

WATER THYME
Wa"ter thyme`. (Bot.)

Defn: See Anacharis.

WATER TICK
Wa"ter tick`.

Defn: Same as Water mite.

WATER TIGER
Wa"ter ti"ger. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A diving, or water, beetle, especially the larva of a water
beetle. See Illust. b of Water beetle.

WATER-TIGHT
Wa"ter-tight`, a.

Defn: So tight as to retain, or not to admit, water; not leaky.

WATER TORCH
Wa"ter torch`. (Bot.)

Defn: The common cat-tail (Typha latifolia), the spike of which makes
a good torch soaked in oil. Dr. Prior.

WATER TOWER
Wa"ter tow"er.

Defn: A large metal pipe made to be extended vertically by sections,
and used for discharging water upon burning buildings.

WATER TREE
Wa"ter tree`. (Bot.)

Defn: A climbing shrub (Tetracera alnifolia, or potatoria) of Western
Africa, which pours out a watery sap from the freshly cut stems.

WATER TREFOIL
Wa"ter tre"foil`. (Bot.)

Defn: The buck bean.

WATER TUBE
Wa"ter tube`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a system of tubular excretory organs having external
openings, found in many invertebrates. They are believed to be
analogous in function to the kidneys of vertebrates. See Illust.
under Trematodea, and Sporocyst.

WATER TUPELO
Wa"ter tu"pe*lo. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of large tupelo (Nyssa aquatica) growing in swamps in
the southern of the United States. See Ogeechee lime.

WATER TURKEY
Wa"ter tur"key. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American snakebird. See Snakebird.

WATER TU TUYERE
Wa"ter tu tu`yère".

Defn: A tuyère kept cool by water circulating within a casing. It is
used for hot blast.

WATER TU TWIST
Wa"ter tu twist`.

Defn: Yarn made by the throstle, or water frame.

WATER VINE
Wa"ter vine`. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Phytocrene, climbing shrubs of Asia and
Africa, the stems of which are singularly porous, and when cut stream
with a limpid potable juice.

WATER VIOLET
Wa"ter vi"o*let. (Bot.)

Defn: See under Violet.

WATER VIPER
Wa"ter vi"per. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Water moccasin.

WATER VOLE
Wa"ter vole`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See under Vole.

WATER WAGTAIL
Wa"ter wag"tail`.

Defn: See under Wagtail.

WATERWAY
Wa"ter*way`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Heavy plank or timber extending fore and aft the whole length
of a vessel's deck at the line of junction with the sides, forming a
channel to the scuppers, which are cut through it. In iron vessels
the waterway is variously constructed.

WATER WAY
Wa"ter way`.

Defn: Same as Water course.

WATERWEED
Wa"ter*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Anacharis.

WATER WHEEL
Wa"ter wheel`.

1. Any wheel for propelling machinery or for other purposes, that is
made to rotate by the direct action of water; -- called an overshot
wheel when the water is applied at the top, an undershot wheel when
at the bottom, a breast wheel when at an intermediate point; other
forms are called reaction wheel, vortex wheel, turbine wheel, etc.

2. The paddle wheel of a steam vessel.

3. A wheel for raising water; a noria, or the like.

WATER-WHITE
Wa"ter-white`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A vinelike plant (Vitis Caribæa) growing in parched districts
in the West Indies, and containing a great amount of sap which is
sometimes used for quenching thirst.

WATER WILLOW
Wa"ter wil`low. (Bot.)

Defn: An American aquatic plant (Dianthera Americana) with long
willowlike leaves, and spikes of small purplish flowers.

WATER WING
Wa"ter wing`. (Arch.)

Defn: One of two walls built on either side of the junction of a
bridge with the bank of a river, to protect the abutment of the
bridge and the bank from the action of the current.

WATER WITCH
Wa"ter witch`. (Zoöl.)
(a) The dabchick.
(b) The stormy petrel. [Prov. Eng.]

WATER-WITHE
Wa"ter-withe`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A vinelike plant (Vitis Caribæa) growing in parched districts
in the West Indies, and containing a great amount of sap which is
sometimes used for quenching thirst.

WATERWORK
Wa"ter*work`, n.

1. (Paint.)

Defn: Painting executed in size or distemper, on canvas or walls, --
formerly, frequently taking the place of tapestry. Shak. Fairholt.

2. An hydraulic apparatus, or a system of works or fixtures, by which
a supply of water is furnished for useful or ornamental purposes,
including dams, sluices, pumps, aqueducts, distributing pipes,
fountains, etc.; -- used chiefly in the plural.

WATERWORN
Wa"ter*worn`, a.

Defn: Worn, smoothed, or polished by the action of water; as,
waterworn stones.

WATERWORT
Wa"ter*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the natural order Elatineæ, consisting of two
genera (Elatine, and Bergia), mostly small annual herbs growing in
the edges of ponds. Some have a peppery or acrid taste.

WATERY
Wa"ter*y, a. Etym: [AS. wæterig.]

1. Of or pertaining to water; consisting of water. "The watery god."
Dryden. "Fish within their watery residence." Milton.

2. Abounding with water; wet; hence, tearful.

3. Resembling water; thin or transparent, as a liquid; as, watery
humors.
The oily and watery parts of the aliment. Arbuthnot.

4. Hence, abounding in thin, tasteless, or insipid fluid; tasteless;
insipid; vapid; spiritless.

WATT
Watt, n. Etym: [From the distinguished mechanician and scientist,
James Watt.] (Physics)

Defn: A unit of power or activity equal to 107 C.G.S. units of power,
or to work done at the rate of one joule a second. An English horse
power is approximately equal to 746 watts.

WATTEAU
Wat*teau", a. (Art)

Defn: Having the appearance of that which is seen in pictures by
Antoine Watteau, a French painter of the eighteenth century; --said
esp. of women's garments; as, a Watteau bodice.

WATTEAU BACK
Watteau back.

Defn: The back of a woman's gown in which one or more very broad
folds are carried from the neck to the floor without being held in at
the waist, while the front and sides of the gown are shaped to the
person and have a belt or its equivalent.

WATTLE
Wat"tle, n. Etym: [AS. watel, watul, watol, hurdle, covering, wattle;
cf. OE. watel a bag. Cf. Wallet.]

1. A twig or flexible rod; hence, a hurdle made of such rods.
And there he built with wattles from the marsh A little lonely church
in days of yore. Tennyson.

2. A rod laid on a roof to support the thatch.

3. (Zoöl.)
(a) A naked fleshy, and usually wrinkled and highly colored, process
of the skin hanging from the chin or throat of a bird or reptile.
(b) Barbel of a fish.

4.
(a) The astringent bark of several Australian trees of the genus
Acacia, used in tanning; -- called also wattle bark.
(b) (Bot.) The trees from which the bark is obtained. See Savanna
wattle, under Savanna. Wattle turkey. (Zoöl.) Same as Brush turkey.

WATTLE
Wat"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wattled; p. pr. & vb. n. Wattling.]

1. To bind with twigs.

2. To twist or interweave, one with another, as twigs; to form a
network with; to plat; as, to wattle branches.

3. To form, by interweaving or platting twigs.
The folded flocks, penned in their wattled cotes. Milton.

WATTLEBIRD
Wat"tle*bird`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of honey eaters belonging to
Anthochæra and allied genera of the family Meliphagidæ. These birds
usually have a large and conspicuous wattle of naked skin hanging
down below each ear. They are natives of Australia and adjacent
islands.

Note: The best-known species (Anthochæra carunculata) has the upper
parts grayish brown, with a white stripe on each feather, and the
wing and tail quills dark brown or blackish, tipped with withe. Its
wattles, in life, are light blood-red. Called also wattled crow,
wattled bee-eater, wattled honey eater. Another species (A. inauris)
is streaked with black, gray, and white, and its long wattles are
white, tipped with orange. The bush wattlebirds, belonging to the
genus Anellobia, are closely related, but lack conspicuous wattles.
The most common species (A. mellivora) is dark brown, finely streaked
with white. Called also goruck creeper.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Australian brush turkey.

WATTLED
Wat"tled, a.

Defn: Furnished with wattles, or pendent fleshy processes at the chin
or throat.
The wattled cocks strut to and fro. Longfellow.

WATTLESS
Watt"less, a. (Elec.)

Defn: Without any power (cf. Watt); -- said of an alternating current
or component of current when it differs in phase by ninety degrees
from the electromotive force which produces it, or of an
electromotive force or component thereof when the current it produces
differs from it in phase by 90 degrees.

WATTLING
Wat"tling, n.

Defn: The act or process of binding or platting with twigs; also, the
network so formed.
Made with a wattling of canes or sticks. Dampier.

WATTMETER
Watt"me`ter, n. Etym: [Watt + meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring power in watts, -- much used in
measuring the energy of an electric current.

WAUCHT; WAUGHT
Waucht, Waught, n. Etym: [Cf. Quaff.]

Defn: A large draught of any liquid. [Scot.] Jamieson.

WAUL
Waul, v. i. Etym: [Of imitative origin.]

Defn: To cry as a cat; to squall; to wail. [Written also wawl.]
The helpless infant, coming wauling and crying into the world. Sir W.
Scott.

WAUR
Waur, a. Etym: [See Worse.]

Defn: Worse. [Scot.]
Murder and waur than number. Sir W. Scott.

WAVE
Wave, v. t.

Defn: See Wave. Sir H. Wotton. Burke.

WAVE
Wave, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waved; p. pr. & vb. n. Waving.] Etym: [OE.
waven, AS. wafian to waver, to hesitate, to wonder; akin to wæfre
wavering, restless, MHG. wabern to be in motion, Icel. vafra to hover
about; cf. Icel. vafa to vibrate. Cf. Waft, Waver.]

1. To play loosely; to move like a wave, one way and the other; to
float; to flutter; to undulate.
His purple robes waved careless to the winds. Trumbull.
Where the flags of three nations has successively waved. Hawthorne.

2. To be moved to and fro as a signal. B. Jonson.

3. To fluctuate; to waver; to be in an unsettled state; to vacillate.
[Obs.]
He waved indifferently 'twixt doing them neither good nor harm. Shak.

WAVE
Wave, v. t.

1. To move one way and the other; to brandish. "[Æneas] waved his
fatal sword." Dryden.

2. To raise into inequalities of surface; to give an undulating form
a surface to.
Horns whelked and waved like the enridged sea. Shak.

3. To move like a wave, or by floating; to waft. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

4. To call attention to, or give a direction or command to, by a
waving motion, as of the hand; to signify by waving; to beckon; to
signal; to indicate.
Look, with what courteous action It waves you to a more removed
ground. Shak.
She spoke, and bowing waved Dismissal. Tennyson.

WAVE
Wave, n. Etym: [From Wave, v.; not the same word as OE. wawe, waghe,
a wave, which is akin to E. wag to move. Wave, v. i.]

1. An advancing ridge or swell on the surface of a liquid, as of the
sea, resulting from the oscillatory motion of the particles composing
it when disturbed by any force their position of rest; an undulation.
The wave behind impels the wave before. Pope.

2. (Physics)

Defn: A vibration propagated from particle to particle through a body
or elastic medium, as in the transmission of sound; an assemblage of
vibrating molecules in all phases of a vibration, with no phase
repeated; a wave of vibration; an undulation. See Undulation.

3. Water; a body of water. [Poetic] "Deep drank Lord Marmion of the
wave." Sir W. Scott.
Build a ship to save thee from the flood, I 'll furnish thee with
fresh wave, bread, and wine. Chapman.

4. Unevenness; inequality of surface. Sir I. Newton.

5. A waving or undulating motion; a signal made with the hand, a
flag, etc.

6. The undulating line or streak of luster on cloth watered, or
calendered, or on damask steel.

7. Fig.: A swelling or excitement of thought, feeling, or energy; a
tide; as, waves of enthusiasm. Wave front (Physics), the surface of
initial displacement of the particles in a medium, as a wave of
vibration advances.
 -- Wave length (Physics), the space, reckoned in the direction of
propagation, occupied by a complete wave or undulation, as of light,
sound, etc.; the distance from a point or phase in a wave to the
nearest point at which the same phase occurs.
 -- Wave line (Shipbuilding), a line of a vessel's hull, shaped in
accordance with the wave-line system.
 -- Wave-line system, Wave-line theory (Shipbuilding), a system or
theory of designing the lines of a vessel, which takes into
consideration the length and shape of a wave which travels at a
certain speed.
 -- Wave loaf, a loaf for a wave offering. Lev. viii. 27.
 -- Wave moth (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small geometrid
moths belonging to Acidalia and allied genera; -- so called from the
wavelike color markings on the wings.
 -- Wave offering, an offering made in the Jewish services by waving
the object, as a loaf of bread, toward the four cardinal points. Num.
xviii. 11.
 -- Wave of vibration (Physics), a wave which consists in, or is
occasioned by, the production and transmission of a vibratory state
from particle to particle through a body.
 -- Wave surface. (a) (Physics) A surface of simultaneous and equal
displacement of the particles composing a wave of vibration. (b)
(Geom.) A mathematical surface of the fourth order which, upon
certain hypotheses, is the locus of a wave surface of light in the
interior of crystals. It is used in explaining the phenomena of
double refraction. See under Refraction.
 -- Wave theory. (Physics) See Undulatory theory, under Undulatory.

WAVED
Waved, a.

1. Exhibiting a wavelike form or outline; undulating; intended; wavy;
as, waved edge.

2. Having a wavelike appearance; marked with wavelike lines of color;
as, waved, or watered, silk.

3. (Her.)

Defn: Having undulations like waves; -- said of one of the lines in
heraldry which serve as outlines to the ordinaries, etc.

WAVELESS
Wave"less, a.

Defn: Free from waves; undisturbed; not agitated; as, the waveless
sea.

WAVELET
Wave"let, n.

Defn: A little wave; a ripple.

WAVELLITE
Wa"vel*lite, n. Etym: [After Dr. Wm. Wavel, the discoverer.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous phosphate of alumina, occurring usually in
hemispherical radiated forms varying in color from white to yellow,
green, or black.

WAVER
Wa"ver, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wavered; p. pr. & vb. n. Wavering.] Etym:
[OE. waveren, from AS. wæfre wavering, restless. See Wave, v. i.]

1. To play or move to and fro; to move one way and the other; hence,
to totter; to reel; to swing; to flutter.
With banners and pennons wavering with the wind. Ld. Berners.
Thou wouldst waver on one of these trees as a terror to all evil
speakers against dignities. Sir W. Scott.

2. To be unsettled in opinion; to vacillate; to be undetermined; to
fluctuate; as, to water in judgment.
Let us hold fast . . . without wavering. Heb. x. 23.
In feeble hearts, propense enough before To waver, or fall off and
join with idols. Milton.

Syn.
 -- To reel; totter; vacillate. See Fluctuate.

WAVER
Wa"ver, n. Etym: [From Wave, or Waver, v.]

Defn: A sapling left standing in a fallen wood. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

WAVERER
Wa"ver*er, n.

Defn: One who wavers; one who is unsettled in doctrine, faith,
opinion, or the like. Shak.

WAVERINGLY
Wa"ver*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a wavering manner.

WAVERINGNESS
Wa"ver*ing*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of wavering.

WAVESON
Wave"son, n. Etym: [From Wave; cf. Jetsam.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: Goods which, after shipwreck, appear floating on the waves, or
sea.

WAVE-WORN
Wave"-*worn`, a.

Defn: Worn by the waves.
The shore that o'er his wave-worn basis bowed. Shak.

WAVEY
Wa"vey, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The snow goose. [Canadian, & Local U. S.]

WAVINESS
Wav"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being wavy.

WAVURE
Wav"ure, n.

Defn: See Waivure. [R.]

WAVY
Wav"y, a.

1. Rising or swelling in waves; full of waves. "The wavy seas."
Chapman.

2. Playing to and fro; undulating; as, wavy flames.
Let her glad valleys smile with wavy corn. Prior.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Undulating on the border or surface; waved.

WAWASKEESH
Wa*was"keesh, n. Etym: [From an Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wapiti, or wapiti, or American elk.

WAWE
Wawe, n. Etym: [See Woe.]

Defn: Woe. [Obs.]

WAWE
Wawe, n. Etym: [OE. wawe, waghe; cf. Icel. vagr; akin to E. wag; not
the same word as wave.]

Defn: A wave. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

WAWL
Wawl, v. i.

Defn: See Waul. Shak.

WAX
Wax, v. i. [imp. Waxed; p. p. Waxed, and Obs. or Poetic Waxen (; p.
pr. & vb. n. Waxing.] Etym: [AS. weaxan; akin to OFries. waxa, D.
wassen, OS. & OHG. wahsan, G. wachsen, Icel. vaxa, Sw. växa, Dan.
voxe, Goth. wahsjan, Gr. waksh, uksh, to grow. Waist.]

1. To increase in size; to grow bigger; to become larger or fuller; -
- opposed to wane.
The waxing and the waning of the moon. Hakewill.
Truth's treasures . . . never shall wax ne wane. P. Plowman.

2. To pass from one state to another; to become; to grow; as, to wax
strong; to wax warmer or colder; to wax feeble; to wax old; to wax
worse and worse.
Your clothes are not waxen old upon you. Deut. xxix. 5.
Where young Adonis oft reposes, Waxing well of his deep wound.
Milton.
Waxing kernels (Med.), small tumors formed by the enlargement of the
lymphatic glands, especially in the groins of children; -- popularly
so called, because supposed to be caused by growth of the body.
Dunglison.

WAX
Wax, n. Etym: [AS. weax; akin to OFries. wax, D. was, G. wachs, OHG.
wahs, Icel. & Sw. vax, Dan. vox, Lith. vaszkas, Russ. vosk'.]

1. A fatty, solid substance, produced by bees, and employed by them
in the construction of their comb; -- usually called beeswax. It is
first excreted, from a row of pouches along their sides, in the form
of scales, which, being masticated and mixed with saliva, become
whitened and tenacious. Its natural color is pale or dull yellow.

Note: Beeswax consists essentially of cerotic acid (constituting the
more soluble part) and of myricyl palmitate (constituting the less
soluble part).

2. Hence, any substance resembling beeswax in consistency or
appearance. Specifically: --(a) (Physiol.)

Defn: Cerumen, or earwax. See Cerumen.
(b) A waxlike composition used for uniting surfaces, for excluding
air, and for other purposes; as, sealing wax, grafting wax, etching
wax, etc.
(c) A waxlike composition used by shoemakers for rubbing their
thread.
(d) (Zoöl.) A substance similar to beeswax, secreted by several
species of scale insects, as the Chinese wax. See Wax insect, below.
(e) (Bot.) A waxlike product secreted by certain plants. See
Vegetable wax, under Vegetable. (f) (Min.)

Defn: A substance, somewhat resembling wax, found in connection with
certain deposits of rock salt and coal; -- called also mineral wax,
and ozocerite.
(g) Thick sirup made by boiling down the sap of the sugar maple, and
then cooling. [Local U.S.] Japanese wax, a waxlike substance made in
Japan from the berries of certain species of Rhus, esp. R.
succedanea.
 -- Mineral wax. (Min.) See Wax, 2 (f), above.
 -- Wax cloth. See Waxed cloth, under Waxed.
 -- Wax end. See Waxed end, under Waxed.
 -- Wax flower, a flower made of, or resembling, wax.
 -- Wax insect (Zoöl.), any one of several species of scale insects
belonging to the family Coccidæ, which secrete from their bodies a
waxlike substance, especially the Chinese wax insect (Coccus
Sinensis) from which a large amount of the commercial Chinese wax is
obtained. Called also pela.
 -- Wax light, a candle or taper of wax.
 -- Wax moth (Zoöl.), a pyralid moth (Galleria cereana) whose larvæ
feed upon honeycomb, and construct silken galleries among the
fragments. The moth has dusky gray wings streaked with brown near the
outer edge. The larva is yellowish white with brownish dots. Called
also bee moth.
 -- Wax myrtle. (Bot.) See Bayberry.
 -- Wax painting, a kind of painting practiced by the ancients, under
the name of encaustic. The pigments were ground with wax, and
diluted. After being applied, the wax was melted with hot irons and
the color thus fixed.
 -- Wax palm. (Bot.) (a) A species of palm (Ceroxylon Andicola)
native of the Andes, the stem of which is covered with a secretion,
consisting of two thirds resin and one third wax, which, when melted
with a third of fat, makes excellent candles. (b) A Brazilian tree
(Copernicia cerifera) the young leaves of which are covered with a
useful waxy secretion.
 -- Wax paper, paper prepared with a coating of white wax and other
ingredients.
 -- Wax plant (Bot.), a name given to several plants, as: (a) The
Indian pipe (see under Indian). (b) The Hoya carnosa, a climbing
plant with polished, fleshy leaves. (c) Certain species of Begonia
with similar foliage.
 -- Wax tree (Bot.) (a) A tree or shrub (Ligustrum lucidum) of China,
on which certain insects make a thick deposit of a substance
resembling white wax. (b) A kind of sumac (Rhus succedanea) of Japan,
the berries of which yield a sort of wax. (c) A rubiaceous tree
(Elæagia utilis) of New Grenada, called by the inhabitants "arbol del
cera." -- Wax yellow, a dull yellow, resembling the natural color of
beeswax.

WAX
Wax, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Waxed; p. pr. & vb. n. Waxing.]

Defn: To smear or rub with wax; to treat with wax; as, to wax a
thread or a table. Waxed cloth, cloth covered with a coating of wax,
used as a cover, of tables and for other purposes; -- called also wax
cloth.
 -- Waxed end, a thread pointed with a bristle and covered with
shoemaker's wax, used in sewing leather, as for boots, shoes, and the
like; -- called also wax end. Brockett.

WAXBERRY
Wax"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The wax-covered fruit of the wax myrtle, or bayberry. See
Bayberry, and Candleberry tree.

WAXBILL
Wax"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of finchlike birds belonging to
Estrelda and allied genera, native of Asia, Africa, and Australia.
The bill is large, conical, and usually red in color, resembling
sealing wax. Several of the species are often kept as cage birds.

WAXBIRD
Wax"bird`, (Zoöl.)

Defn: The waxwing.

WAXEN
Wax"en, a.

1. Made of wax. "The female bee, that . . . builds her waxen cells."
Milton.

2. Covered with wax; waxed; as, a waxen tablet.

3. Resembling wax; waxy; hence, soft; yielding.
Men have marble, women waxen, minds. Shak.
Waxen chatterer (Zoöl.), the Bohemian chatterer.

WAXINESS
Wax"i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being waxy.

WAXWING
Wax"wing`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small birds of the genus Ampelis,
in which some of the secondary quills are usually tipped with small
horny ornaments resembling red sealing wax. The Bohemian waxwing (see
under Bohemian) and the cedar bird are examples. Called also waxbird.

WAXWORK
Wax"work`, n.

1. Work made of wax; especially, a figure or figures formed or partly
of wax, in imitation of real beings.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: An American climbing shrub (Celastrus scandens). It bears a
profusion of yellow berrylike pods, which open in the autumn, and
display the scarlet coverings of the seeds.

WAXWORKER
Wax"work`er, n.

1. One who works in wax; one who makes waxwork.

2. A bee that makes or produces wax.

WAXWORKS
Wax"works`, n. pl.

Defn: An exhibition of wax figures, or the place of exhibition.

WAXY
Wax"y, a.

Defn: Resembling wax in appearance or consistency; viscid; adhesive;
soft; hence, yielding; pliable; impressible. "Waxy to persuasion."
Bp. Hall. Waxy degeneration (Med.), amyloid degeneration. See under
Amyloid.
 -- Waxy kidney, Waxy liver, etc. (Med.), a kidney or liver affected
by waxy degeneration.

WAY
Way, adv. Etym: [Aphetic form of away.]

Defn: Away. [Obs. or Archaic] Chaucer. To do way, to take away; to
remove. [Obs.] "Do way your hands." Chaucer.
 -- To make way with, to make away with. See under Away. [Archaic]

WAY
Way, n. Etym: [OE. wey, way, AS. weg; akin to OS., D., OHG., & G.
weg, Icel. vegr, Sw. väg, Dan. vei, Goth. wigs, L. via, and AS. wegan
to move, L. vehere to carry, Skr. vah. sq. root136. Cf. Convex,
Inveigh, Vehicle, Vex, Via, Voyage, Wag, Wagon, Wee, Weigh.]

1. That by, upon, or along, which one passes or processes;
opportunity or room to pass; place of passing; passage; road, street,
track, or path of any kind; as, they built a way to the mine. "To
find the way to heaven." Shak.
I shall him seek by way and eke by street. Chaucer.
The way seems difficult, and steep to scale. Milton.
The season and ways were very improper for his majesty's forces to
march so great a distance. Evelyn.

2. Length of space; distance; interval; as, a great way; a long way.
And whenever the way seemed long, Or his heart began to fail.
Longfellow.

3. A moving; passage; procession; journey.
I prythee, now, lead the way. Shak.

4. Course or direction of motion or process; tendency of action;
advance.
If that way be your walk, you have not far. Milton.
And let eternal justice take the way. Dryden.

5. The means by which anything is reached, or anything is
accomplished; scheme; device; plan.
My best way is to creep under his gaberdine. Shak.
By noble ways we conquest will prepare. Dryden.
What impious ways my wishes took! Prior.

6. Manner; method; mode; fashion; style; as, the way of expressing
one's ideas.

7. Regular course; habitual method of life or action; plan of
conduct; mode of dealing. "Having lost the way of nobleness." Sir. P.
Sidney.
Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace. Prov.
iii. 17.
When men lived in a grander way. Longfellow.

8. Sphere or scope of observation. Jer. Taylor.
The public ministers that fell in my way. Sir W. Temple.

9. Determined course; resolved mode of action or conduct; as, to have
one's way.

10. (Naut.)
(a) Progress; as, a ship has way. (b) pl.

Defn: The timbers on which a ship is launched.

11. pl. (Mach.)

Defn: The longitudinal guides, or guiding surfaces, on the bed of a
planer, lathe, or the like, along which a table or carriage moves.

12. (Law)

Defn: Right of way. See below. By the way, in passing; apropos;
aside; apart from, though connected with, the main object or subject
of discourse.
 -- By way of, for the purpose of; as being; in character of.
 -- Covert way. (Fort.) See Covered way, under Covered.
 -- In the family way. See under Family.
 -- In the way, so as to meet, fall in with, obstruct, hinder, etc.
 -- In the way with, traveling or going with; meeting or being with;
in the presence of.
 -- Milky way. (Astron.) See Galaxy, 1.
 -- No way, No ways. See Noway, Noways, in the Vocabulary.
 -- On the way, traveling or going; hence, in process; advancing
toward completion; as, on the way to this country; on the way to
success.
 -- Out of the way. See under Out.
 -- Right of way (Law), a right of private passage over another's
ground. It may arise either by grant or prescription. It may be
attached to a house, entry, gate, well, or city lot, as well as to a
country farm. Kent.
 -- To be under way, or To have way (Naut.), to be in motion, as when
a ship begins to move.
 -- To give way. See under Give.
 -- To go one's way, or To come one's way, to go or come; to depart
or come along. Shak.
 -- To go the way of all the earth, to die.
 -- To make one's way, to advance in life by one's personal efforts.
 -- To make way. See under Make, v. t.
 -- Ways and means. (a) Methods; resources; facilities. (b)
(Legislation) Means for raising money; resources for revenue.
 -- Way leave, permission to cross, or a right of way across, land;
also, rent paid for such right. [Eng] -- Way of the cross (Eccl.),
the course taken in visiting in rotation the stations of the cross.
See Station, n., 7 (c).
 -- Way of the rounds (Fort.), a space left for the passage of the
rounds between a rampart and the wall of a fortified town.
 -- Way pane, a pane for cartage in irrigated land. See Pane, n., 4.
[Prov. Eng.] -- Way passenger, a passenger taken up, or set down, at
some intermediate place between the principal stations on a line of
travel.
 -- Ways of God, his providential government, or his works.
 -- Way station, an intermediate station between principal stations
on a line of travel, especially on a railroad.
 -- Way train, a train which stops at the intermediate, or way,
stations; an accommodation train.
 -- Way warden, the surveyor of a road.

Syn.
 -- Street; highway; road.
 -- Way, Street, Highway, Road. Way is generic, denoting any line for
passage or conveyance; a highway is literally one raised for the sake
of dryness and convenience in traveling; a road is, strictly, a way
for horses and carriages; a street is, etymologically, a paved way,
as early made in towns and cities; and, hence, the word is
distinctively applied to roads or highways in compact settlements.
All keep the broad highway, and take delight With many rather for to
go astray. Spenser.
There is but one road by which to climb up. Addison.
When night Darkens the streets, then wander forth the sons Of Belial,
flown with insolence and wine. Milton.

WAY
Way, v. t.

Defn: To go or travel to; to go in, as a way or path. [Obs.] "In land
not wayed." Wyclif.

WAY
Way, v. i.

Defn: To move; to progress; to go. [R.]
On a time as they together wayed. Spenser.

WAYBILL
Way"bill`, n.

Defn: A list of passengers in a public vehicle, or of the baggage or
gods transported by a common carrier on a land route. When the goods
are transported by water, the list is called a bill of lading.

WAYBREAD
Way"bread`, n. Etym: [AS. wegbr. See Way, and Broad.] (Bot.)

Defn: The common dooryard plantain (Plantago major).

WAYBUNG
Way"bung`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Australian insessorial bird (Corcorax melanorhamphus) noted
for the curious actions of the male during the breeding season. It is
black with a white patch on each wing.

WAYED
Wayed, a.

Defn: Used to the way; broken. [R.]
A horse that is not well wayed; he starts at every bird that flies
out the hedge. Selden.

WAYFARE
Way"fare`, v. i. Etym: [Way + fare to go.]

Defn: To journey; to travel; to go to and fro. [Obs.]
A certain Laconian, as he wayfared, came unto a place where there
dwelt an old friend of his. Holland.

WAYFARE
Way"fare`, n.

Defn: The act of journeying; travel; passage. [Obs.] Holland.

WAYFARER
Way"far`er, n.

Defn: One who travels; a traveler; a passenger.

WAYFARING
Way"far`ing, a.

Defn: Traveling; passing; being on a journey. "A wayfaring man."
Judg. xix. 17. Wayfaring tree (Bot.), a European shrub (Viburnum
lantana) having large ovate leaves and dense cymes of small white
flowers.
 -- American wayfaring tree (Bot.), the (Viburnum lantanoides).

WAYGATE
Way"gate`, n.

Defn: The tailrace of a mill. Knight.

WAY-GOING
Way"-go`ing, a.

Defn: Going away; departing; of or pertaining to one who goes away.
Way-going crop (Law of Leases), a crop of grain to which tenants for
years are sometimes entitled by custom; grain sown in the fall to be
reaped at the next harvest; a crop which will not ripen until after
the termination of the lease. Burrill.

WAY-GOOSE
Way"-goose`, n.

Defn: See Wayz-goose, n., 2. [Eng.]

WAYK
Wayk, a.

Defn: Weak. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WAYLAY
Way"lay`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Waylaid; p. pr. & vb. n. Waylaying.]
Etym: [Way + lay.]

Defn: To lie in wait for; to meet or encounter in the way;
especially, to watch for the passing of, with a view to seize, rob,
or slay; to beset in ambush.
Falstaff, Bardolph, Peto, and Gadshill shall rob those men that we
have already waylaid. Shak.
She often contrived to waylay him in his walks. Sir W. Scott.

WAYLAYER
Way"lay`er, n.

Defn: One who waylays another.

WAYLESS
Way"less, a.

Defn: Having no road or path; pathless.

WAYLEWAY
Way"le*way, interj.

Defn: See Welaway. [Obs.]

WAYMAKER
Way"mak`er, n.

Defn: One who makes a way; a precursor. [R.] Bacon.

WAYMARK
Way"mark`, n.

Defn: A mark to guide in traveling.

WAYMENT
Way"ment, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waymented; p. pr. & vb. n. Waymenting.]
Etym: [OE. waymenten, OF. waimenter, gaimenter, guaimenter, from wai,
guai, woe! (of Teutonic origin; see Woe) and L. lamentari to lament.
See Lament.]

Defn: To lament; to grieve; to wail. [Written also waiment.] [Obs.]
Thilke science . . . maketh a man to waymenten. Chaucer.
For what boots it to weep and wayment, When ill is chanced Spenser.

WAYMENT
Way"ment, n.

Defn: Grief; lamentation; mourning. [Written also waiment.] [Obs.]
Spenser.

-WAYS
-ways.

Defn: A suffix formed from way by the addition of the adverbial -s
(see -wards). It is often used interchangeably with wise; as, endways
or endwise; noways or nowise, etc.

WAY SHAFT
Way" shaft`.

1. (Mach.)

Defn: A rock shaft.

2. (Mining)

Defn: An interior shaft, usually one connecting two levels. Raymond.

WAYSIDE
Way"side`, n.

Defn: The side of the way; the edge or border of a road or path.

WAYSIDE
Way"side`, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the wayside; as, wayside flowers. "A
wayside inn." Longfellow.

WAYWARD
Way"ward, a. Etym: [OE. weiward, for aweiward, i. e., turned away.
See Away, and -ward.]

Defn: Taking one's own way; disobedient; froward; perverse; willful.
My wife is in a wayward mood. Shak.
Wayward beauty doth not fancy move. Fairfax.
Wilt thou forgive the wayward thought Keble.
-- Way"ward*ly, adv.
 -- Way"ward*ness, n.

WAY-WISE
Way"-wise`, a.

Defn: Skillful in finding the way; well acquainted with the way or
route; wise from having traveled.

WAYWISER
Way"wis`er, n. Etym: [Cf. G. wegweiser a waymark, a guide; weg way +
weisen to show, direct.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the distance which one has traveled
on the road; an odometer, pedometer, or perambulator.
The waywiser to a coach, exactly measuring the miles, and showing
them by an index. Evelyn.

WAYWODE
Way"wode, n. Etym: [Russ. voevoda, or Pol. woiewoda; properly, a
leader of an army, a leader in war. Cf. Vaivode.]

Defn: Originally, the title of a military commander in various
Slavonic countries; afterwards applied to governors of towns or
provinces. It was assumed for a time by the rulers of Moldavia and
Wallachia, who were afterwards called hospodars, and has also been
given to some inferior Turkish officers. [Written also vaivode,
voivode, waiwode, and woiwode.]

WAYWODESHIP
Way"wode*ship, n.

Defn: The office, province, or jurisdiction of a waywode.

WAYWORN
Way"worn`, a.

Defn: Wearied by traveling.

WAYZ-GOOSE
Wayz"-goose`, n. Etym: [Wase stubble + goose.]

1. A stubble goose. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

2. An annual feast of the persons employed in a printing office.
[Written also way-goose.] [Eng.]

WE
We, pron.; pl. of I. [Poss. Our (our) or Ours (; obj. Us (. See I.]
Etym: [As. w; akin to OS. wi, OFries. & LG. wi, D. wij, G. wir, Icel.
v, Sw. & Dan. vi, Goth. weis, Skr. vayam. sq. root190.]

Defn: The plural nominative case of the pronoun of the first person;
the word with which a person in speaking or writing denotes a number
or company of which he is one, as the subject of an action expressed
by a verb.

Note: We is frequently used to express men in general, including the
speaker. We is also often used by individuals, as authors, editors,
etc., in speaking of themselves, in order to avoid the appearance of
egotism in the too frequent repetition of the pronoun I. The plural
style is also in use among kings and other sovereigns, and is said to
have been begun by King John of England. Before that time, monarchs
used the singular number in their edicts. The German and the French
sovereigns followed the example of King John in a. d. 1200.

WEAK
Weak, a. [Compar. Weaker; superl. Weakest.] Etym: [OE. weik, Icel.
veikr; akin to Sw. vek, Dan. veg soft, flexible, pliant, AS. wac
weak, soft, pliant, D. week, G. weich, OHG. weih; all from the verb
seen in Icel. vikja to turn, veer, recede, AS. wican to yield, give
way, G. weichen, OHG. wihhan, akin to Skr. vij, and probably to E.
week, L. vicis a change, turn, Gr. Week, Wink, v. i. Vicissitude.]

1. Wanting physical strength. Specifically: --
(a) Deficient in strength of body; feeble; infirm; sickly;
debilitated; enfeebled; exhausted.
A poor, infirm, weak, and despised old man. Shak.
Weak with hunger, mad with love. Dryden.

(b) Not able to sustain a great weight, pressure, or strain; as, a
weak timber; a weak rope.
(c) Not firmly united or adhesive; easily broken or separated into
pieces; not compact; as, a weak ship.
(d) Not stiff; pliant; frail; soft; as, the weak stalk of a plant.
(e) Not able to resist external force or onset; easily subdued or
overcome; as, a weak barrier; as, a weak fortress.
(f) Lacking force of utterance or sound; not sonorous; low; small;
feeble; faint.
A voice not soft, weak, piping, and womanish. Ascham.

(g) Not thoroughly or abundantly impregnated with the usual or
required ingredients, or with stimulating and nourishing substances;
of less than the usual strength; as, weak tea, broth, or liquor; a
weak decoction or solution; a weak dose of medicine.
(h) Lacking ability for an appropriate function or office; as, weak
eyes; a weak stomach; a weak magistrate; a weak regiment, or army.

2. Not possessing or manifesting intellectual, logical, moral, or
political strength, vigor, etc. Specifically: -
(a) Feeble of mind; wanting discernment; lacking vigor; spiritless;
as, a weak king or magistrate.
To think every thing disputable is a proof of a weak mind and
captious temper. Beattie.
Origen was never weak enough to imagine that there were two Gods.
Waterland.

(b) Resulting from, or indicating, lack of judgment, discernment, or
firmness; unwise; hence, foolish.
If evil thence ensue, She first his weak indulgence will accuse.
Milton.

(c) Not having full confidence or conviction; not decided or
confirmed; vacillating; wavering.
Him that is weak in the faith receive ye, but not to doubtful
disputations. Rom. xiv. 1.

(d) Not able to withstand temptation, urgency, persuasion, etc.;
easily impressed, moved, or overcome; accessible; vulnerable; as,
weak resolutions; weak virtue.
Guard thy heart On this weak side, where most our nature fails.
Addison.

(e) Wanting in power to influence or bind; as, weak ties; a weak
sense of honor of duty.
(f) Not having power to convince; not supported by force of reason or
truth; unsustained; as, a weak argument or case. "Convinced of his
weak arguing." Milton.
A case so weak . . . hath much persisted in. Hooker.

(g) Wanting in point or vigor of expression; as, a weak sentence; a
weak style.
(h) Not prevalent or effective, or not felt to be prevalent; not
potent; feeble. "Weak prayers." Shak.
(i) Lacking in elements of political strength; not wielding or having
authority or energy; deficient in the resources that are essential to
a ruler or nation; as, a weak monarch; a weak government or state.
I must make fair weather yet awhile, Till Henry be more weak, and I
more strong. Shak.
(k) (Stock Exchange)

Defn: Tending towards lower prices; as, a weak market.

3. (Gram.)
(a) Pertaining to, or designating, a verb which forms its preterit
(imperfect) and past participle by adding to the present the suffix -
ed, -d, or the variant form -t; as in the verbs abash, abashed;
abate, abated; deny, denied; feel, felt. See Strong, 19 (a).
(b) Pertaining to, or designating, a noun in Anglo-Saxon, etc., the
stem of which ends in -n. See Strong, 19 (b).

Note: Weak is often used in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, weak-eyed, weak-handed, weak-hearted, weak-minded,
weak-spirited, and the like.

Weak conjugation (Gram.), the conjugation of weak verbs; -- called
also new, or regular, conjugation, and distinguished from the old, or
irregular, conjugation.
 -- Weak declension (Anglo-Saxon Gram.), the declension of weak
nouns; also, one of the declensions of adjectives.
 -- Weak side, the side or aspect of a person's character or
disposition by which he is most easily affected or influenced;
weakness; infirmity.
 -- Weak sore or ulcer (Med.), a sore covered with pale, flabby,
sluggish granulations.

WEAK
Weak, v. t. & i. Etym: [Cf. AS. w. wacian. See Weak, a.]

Defn: To make or become weak; to weaken. [R.]
Never to seek weaking variety. Marston.

WEAKEN
Weak"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Weakened; p. pr. & vb. n. Weakening.]

1. To make weak; to lessen the strength of; to deprive of strength;
to debilitate; to enfeeble; to enervate; as, to weaken the body or
the mind; to weaken the hands of a magistrate; to weaken the force of
an objection or an argument.
Their hands shall be weakened from the work, that it be not done.
Neh. vi. 9.

2. To reduce in quality, strength, or spirit; as, to weaken tea; to
weaken any solution or decoction.

WEAKEN
Weak"en, v. i.

Defn: To become weak or weaker; to lose strength, spirit, or
determination; to become less positive or resolute; as, the patient
weakened; the witness weakened on cross-examination. "His notion
weakens, his discernings are lethargied." Shak.

WEAKENER
Weak"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, weakens. "[Fastings] weakeners of sin."
South.

WEAKFISH
Weak"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fish of the genus Cynoscion; a squeteague; -- so called
from its tender mouth. See Squeteague. Spotted weakfish (Zoöl.), the
spotted squeteague.

WEAK-HEARTED
Weak"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Having little courage; of feeble spirit; dispirited; faint-
hearted. "Weak-hearted enemies." Shak.

WEAKISH
Weak"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat weak; rather weak.

WEAKISHNESS
Weak"ish*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being weakish.

WEAK-KNEED
Weak"-kneed`, a.

Defn: Having weak knees; hence, easily yielding; wanting resolution.
H. James.

WEAKLING
Weak"ling, n. Etym: [Weak + -ling.]

Defn: A weak or feeble creature. Shak. "All looking on him as a
weakling, which would post to the grave." Fuller.
We may not be weaklings because we have a strong enemy. Latimer.

WEAKLING
Weak"ling, a.

Defn: Weak; feeble. Sir T. North.

WEAKLY
Weak"ly, adv.

Defn: In a weak manner; with little strength or vigor; feebly.

WEAKLY
Weak"ly, a. [Compar. Weaklier; superl. Weakliest.]

Defn: Not strong of constitution; infirm; feeble; as, a weakly woman;
a man of a weakly constitution.

WEAK-MINDED
Weak"-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having a weak mind, either naturally or by reason of disease;
feebleminded; foolish; idiotic.
 -- Weak"-mind`ed*ness, n.

WEAKNESS
Weak"ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being weak; want of strength or firmness;
lack of vigor; want of resolution or of moral strength; feebleness.

2. That which is a mark of lack of strength or resolution; a fault; a
defect.
Many take pleasure in spreading abroad the weakness of an exalted
character. Spectator.

Syn.
 -- Feebleness; debility; languor; imbecility; infirmness; infirmity;
decrepitude; frailty; faintness.

WEAL
Weal, n.

Defn: The mark of a stripe. See Wale.

WEAL
Weal, v. t.

Defn: To mark with stripes. See Wale.

WEAL
Weal, n. Etym: [OE. wele, AS. wela, weola, wealth, from wel well. See
Well, adv., and cf. Wealth.]

1. A sound, healthy, or prosperous state of a person or thing;
prosperity; happiness; welfare.
God . . . grant you wele and prosperity. Chaucer.
As we love the weal of our souls and bodies. Bacon.
To him linked in weal or woe. Milton.
Never was there a time when it more concerned the public weal that
the character of the Parliament should stand high. Macaulay.

2. The body politic; the state; common wealth. [Obs.]
The special watchmen of our English weal. Shak.

WEAL
Weal, v. t.

Defn: To promote the weal of; to cause to be prosperous. [Obs.] Beau.
& Fl.

WEAL-BALANCED
Weal"-bal`anced, a.

Defn: Balanced or considered with reference to public weal. [Obs.]
Shak.

WEALD
Weald, n. Etym: [AS. See Wold.]

Defn: A wood or forest; a wooded land or region; also, an open
country; -- often used in place names.
Fled all night long by glimmering waste and weald, And heard the
spirits of the waste and weald Moan as she fled. Tennyson.
Weald clay (Geol.), the uppermost member of the Wealden strata. See
Wealden.

WEALDEN
Weald"en, a. Etym: [AS. weald, wald, a forest, a wood. So called
because this formation occurs in the wealds, or woods, of Kent and
Sussex. See Weald.] (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lowest division of the Cretaceous
formation in England and on the Continent, which overlies the Oölitic
series.

WEALDEN
Weald"en, n. (Geol.)

Defn: The Wealden group or strata.

WEALDISH
Weald"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a weald, esp. to the weald in the county of
Kent, England. [Obs.] Fuller.

WEALFUL
Weal"ful, a.

Defn: Weleful. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WEALSMAN
Weals"man, n.; pl. Wealsmen. Etym: [Weal + man.]

Defn: A statesman; a politician. [R.] Shak.

WEALTH
Wealth, n. Etym: [OE. welthe, from wele; cf. D. weelde luxury. See
Weal prosperity.]

1. Weal; welfare; prosperity; good. [Obs.] "Let no man seek his own,
but every man another's wealth." 1 Cor. x. 24.

2. Large possessions; a comparative abundance of things which are
objects of human desire; esp., abundance of worldly estate;
affluence; opulence; riches.
I have little wealth to lose. Shak.
Each day new wealth, without their care, provides. Dryden.
Wealth comprises all articles of value and nothing else. F. A.
Walker.
Active wealth. See under Active.

Syn.
 -- Riches; affluence; opulence; abundance.

WEALTHFUL
Wealth"ful, a.

Defn: Full of wealth; wealthy; prosperous. [R.] Sir T. More.
 -- Wealth"ful*ly, adv. [R.]

WEALTHILY
Wealth"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a wealthy manner; richly.
I come to wive it wealthily in Padua. Shak.

WEALTHINESS
Wealth"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being wealthy, or rich; richness;
opulence.

WEALTHY
Wealth"y, a. [Compar. Wealthier; superl. Wealthiest.]

1. Having wealth; having large possessions, or larger than most men,
as lands, goods, money, or securities; opulent; affluent; rich.
A wealthy Hebrew of my tribe. Shak.
Thou broughtest us out into a wealthy place. Ps. lxvi. 12.

2. Hence, ample; full; satisfactory; abundant. [R.]
The wealthy witness of my pen. B. Jonson.

WEAN
Wean, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Weaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Weaning.] Etym:
[OE. wenen, AS. wenian, wennan, to accustom; akin to D. wennen, G.
gewöhnen, OHG. giwennan, Icel. venja, Sw. vänja, Dan. vænne, Icel.
vanr accustomed, wont; cf. AS. awenian to wean, G. entwöhnen. See
Wont, a.]

1. To accustom and reconcile, as a child or other young animal, to a
want or deprivation of mother's milk; to take from the breast or
udder; to cause to cease to depend on the mother nourishment.
And the child grew, and was weaned; and Abraham made a great feast
the same day that Isaac was weaned. Gen. xxi. 8.

2. Hence, to detach or alienate the affections of, from any object of
desire; to reconcile to the want or loss of anything. "Wean them from
themselves." Shak.
The troubles of age were intended . . . to wean us gradually from our
fondness of life. Swift.

WEAN
Wean, n.

Defn: A weanling; a young child.
I, being but a yearling wean. Mrs. Browning.

WEANEDNESS
Wean"ed*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being weaned.

WEANEL
Wean"el, n.

Defn: A weanling. [Obs.] Spenser.

WEANLING
Wean"ling,

Defn: a. & n. from Wean, v.
The weaning of the whelp is the great test of the skill of the kennel
man. J. H. Walsh.
Weaning brash. (Med.) See under Brash.

WEANLING
Wean"ling, n. Etym: [Wean + -ling.]

Defn: A child or animal newly weaned; a wean.

WEANLING
Wean"ling, a.

Defn: Recently weaned. Milton.

WEAPON
Weap"on, n. Etym: [OE. wepen, AS. w; akin to OS. w, OFries. w, w, D.
wapen, G. waffe, OHG. waffan, wafan, Icel. vapn, Dan. vaaben, Sw.
vapen, Goth. w, pl.; of uncertain origin. Cf. Wapentake.]

1. An instrument of offensive of defensive combat; something to fight
with; anything used, or designed to be used, in destroying,
defeating, or injuring an enemy, as a gun, a sword, etc.
The weapons of our warfare are not carnal. 2 Cor. x. 4.
They, astonished, all resistance lost, All courage; down their idle
weapons dropped. Milton.

2. Fig.: The means or instrument with which one contends against
another; as, argument was his only weapon. "Woman's weapons, water
drops." Shak.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A thorn, prickle, or sting with which many plants are
furnished. Concealed weapons. See under Concealed.
 -- Weapon salve, a salve which was supposed to cure a wound by being
applied to the weapon that made it. [Obs.] Boyle.

WEAPONED
Weap"oned, a.

Defn: Furnished with weapons, or arms; armed; equipped.

WEAPONLESS
Weap"on*less, a.

Defn: Having no weapon.

WEAPONRY
Weap"on*ry, n.

Defn: Weapons, collectively; as, an array of weaponry. [Poetic]

WEAR
Wear, n.

Defn: Same as Weir.

WEAR
Wear, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Veer.] (Naut.)

Defn: To cause to go about, as a vessel, by putting the helm up,
instead of alee as in tacking, so that the vessel's bow is turned
away from, and her stern is presented to, the wind, and, as she turns
still farther, her sails fill on the other side; to veer.

WEAR
Wear, v. t. [imp. Wore; p. p. Worn; p. pr. & vb. n. Wearing. Before
the 15th century wear was a weak verb, the imp. & p. p. being
Weared.] Etym: [OE. weren, werien, AS. werian to carry, to wear, as
arms or clothes; akin to OHG. werien, weren, to clothe, Goth. wasjan,
L. vestis clothing, vestire to clothe, Gr. vas. Cf. Vest.]

1. To carry or bear upon the person; to bear upon one's self, as an
article of clothing, decoration, warfare, bondage, etc.; to have
appendant to one's body; to have on; as, to wear a coat; to wear a
shackle.
What compass will you wear your farthingale Shak.
On her white breast a sparkling cross swore, Which Jews might kiss,
and infidels adore. Pope.

2. To have or exhibit an appearance of, as an aspect or manner; to
bear; as, she wears a smile on her countenance. "He wears the rose of
youth upon him." Shak.
His innocent gestures wear A meaning half divine. Keble.

3. To use up by carrying or having upon one's self; hence, to consume
by use; to waste; to use up; as, to wear clothes rapidly.

4. To impair, waste, or diminish, by continual attrition, scraping,
percussion, on the like; to consume gradually; to cause to lower or
disappear; to spend.
That wicked wight his days doth wear. Spenser.
The waters wear the stones. Job xiv. 19.

5. To cause or make by friction or wasting; as, to wear a channel; to
wear a hole.

6. To form or shape by, or as by, attrition.
Trials wear us into a liking of what, possibly, in the first essay,
displeased us. Locke.
To wear away, to consume; to impair, diminish, or destroy, by gradual
attrition or decay.
 -- To wear off, to diminish or remove by attrition or slow decay;
as, to wear off the nap of cloth.
 -- To wear on or upon, to wear. [Obs.] "[I] weared upon my gay
scarlet gites [gowns.]" Chaucer.
 -- To wear out. (a) To consume, or render useless, by attrition or
decay; as, to wear out a coat or a book. (b) To consume tediously.
"To wear out miserable days." Milton. (c) To harass; to tire. "[He]
shall wear out the saints of the Most High." Dan vii. 25. (d) To
waste the strength of; as, an old man worn out in military service.
 -- To wear the breeches. See under Breeches. [Colloq.]

WEAR
Wear, v. i.

1. To endure or suffer use; to last under employment; to bear the
consequences of use, as waste, consumption, or attrition; as, a coat
wears well or ill; -- hence, sometimes applied to character,
qualifications, etc.; as, a man wears well as an acquaintance.

2. To be wasted, consumed, or diminished, by being used; to suffer
injury, loss, or extinction by use or time; to decay, or be spent,
gradually. "Thus wore out night." Milton.
Away, I say; time wears. Shak.
Thou wilt surely wear away, both thou and this people that is with
thee. Ex. xviii. 18.
His stock of money began to wear very low. Sir W. Scott.
The family . . . wore out in the earlier part of the century.
Beaconsfield.
To wear off, to pass away by degrees; as, the follies of youth wear
off with age.
 -- To wear on, to pass on; as, time wears on. G. Eliot.
 -- To wear weary, to become weary, as by wear, long occupation,
tedious employment, etc.

WEAR
Wear, n.

1. The act of wearing, or the state of being worn; consumption by
use; diminution by friction; as, the wear of a garment.

2. The thing worn; style of dress; the fashion.
Motley wear. Shak.
Wear and tear, the loss by wearing, as of machinery in use; the loss
or injury to which anything is subjected by use, accident, etc.

WEARABLE
Wear"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being worn; suitable to be worn.

WEARER
Wear"er, n.

1. One who wears or carries as appendant to the body; as, the wearer
of a cloak, a sword, a crown, a shackle, etc.
Cowls, hoods, and habits, with their wearers, tossed, And fluttered
into rags. Milton.

2. That which wastes or diminishes.

WEARIABLE
Wea"ri*a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be wearied.

WEARIFUL
Wea"ri*ful, a.

Defn: Abounding in qualities which cause weariness; wearisome.
 -- Wea"ri*ful*ly, adv.

WEARILESS
Wea"ri*less, a.

Defn: Incapable of being wearied.

WEARILY
Wea"ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a weary manner.

WEARINESS
Wea"ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being weary or tried; lassitude;
exhaustion of strength; fatigue.
With weariness and wine oppressed. Dryden.
A man would die, though he were neither valiant nor miserable, only
upon a weariness to do the same thing so oft over and over. Bacon.

WEARING
Wear"ing, n.

1. The act of one who wears; the manner in which a thing wears; use;
conduct; consumption.
Belike he meant to ward, and there to see his wearing. Latimer.

2. That which is worn; clothes; garments. [Obs.]
Give me my nightly wearing and adieu. Shak.

WEARING
Wear"ing, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or designed for, wear; as, wearing apparel.

WEARISH
Wear"ish, a. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain, but perhaps akin to weary.]

1. Weak; withered; shrunk. [Obs.] "A wearish hand." Ford.
A little, wearish old man, very melancholy by nature. Burton.

2. Insipid; tasteless; unsavory. [Obs.]
Wearish as meat is that is not well tasted. Palsgrave.

WEARISOME
Wea"ri*some, a.

Defn: Causing weariness; tiresome; tedious; weariful; as, a wearisome
march; a wearisome day's work; a wearisome book.
These high wild hills and rough uneven ways Draws out our miles, and
makes them wearisome. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Irksome; tiresome; tedious; fatiguing; annoying; vexatious. See
Irksome.
 -- Wea"ri*some*ly, adv.
 -- Wea"ri*some*ness, n.

WEARY
Wea"ry, a. [Compar. Wearier; superl. Weariest.] Etym: [OE. weri, AS.
w; akin to OS. w, OHG. wu; of uncertain origin; cf. AS. w to ramble.]

1. Having the strength exhausted by toil or exertion; worn out in
respect to strength, endurance, etc.; tired; fatigued.
I care not for my spirits if my legs were not weary. Shak.
[I] am weary, thinking of your task. Longfellow.

2. Causing weariness; tiresome. "Weary way." Spenser. "There passed a
weary time." Coleridge.

3. Having one's patience, relish, or contentment exhausted; tired;
sick; -- with of before the cause; as, weary of marching, or of
confinement; weary of study.

Syn.
 -- Fatigued; tiresome; irksome; wearisome.

WEARY
Wea"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wearied; p. pr. & vb. n. Wearying.]

1. To reduce or exhaust the physical strength or endurance of; to
tire; to fatigue; as, to weary one's self with labor or traveling.
So shall he waste his means, weary his soldiers. Shak.

2. To make weary of anything; to exhaust the patience of, as by
continuance.
I stay too long by thee; I weary thee. Shak.

3. To harass by anything irksome.
I would not cease To weary him with my assiduous cries. Milton.
To weary out, to subdue or exhaust by fatigue.

Syn.
 -- To jade; tire; fatigue; fag. See Jade.

WEARY
Wea"ry, v. i.

Defn: To grow tired; to become exhausted or impatient; as, to weary
of an undertaking.

WEASAND
Wea"sand, n. Etym: [OE. wesand, AS. wasend; akin to OFries. wasende,
wasande; cf. OHG. weisunt.]

Defn: The windpipe; -- called also, formerly, wesil. [Formerly,
written also, wesand, and wezand.]
Cut his weasand with thy knife. Shak.

WEASEL
Wea"sel, n. Etym: [OE. wesele, AS. wesle; akin to D. wezel, G.
wiesel, OHG. wisala, Icel. hreyivisla, Dan. väsel, Sw. vessla; of
uncertain origin; cf. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of various species of small carnivores belonging to the
genus Putorius, as the ermine and ferret. They have a slender,
elongated body, and are noted for the quickness of their movements
and for their bloodthirsty habit in destroying poultry, rats, etc.
The ermine and some other species are brown in summer, and turn white
in winter; others are brown at all seasons. Malacca weasel, the
rasse.
 -- Weasel coot, a female or young male of the smew; -- so called
from the resemblance of the head to that of a weasel. Called also
weasel duck.
 -- Weasel lemur, a short-tailed lemur (Lepilemur mustelinus). It is
reddish brown above, grayish brown below, with the throat white.

WEASEL-FACED
Wea"sel-faced`, a.

Defn: Having a thin, sharp face, like a weasel.

WEASER
Wea"ser, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American merganser; -- called also weaser sheldrake.
[Local, U. S.]

WEASINESS
Wea"si*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being weasy; full feeding; sensual
indulgence. [Obs.] Joye.

WEASY
Wea"sy, a. Etym: [Cf. Weasand.]

Defn: Given to sensual indulgence; gluttonous. [Obs.] Joye.

WEATHER
Weath"er, n. Etym: [OE. weder, AS. weder; akin to OS. wedar, OFries.
weder, D. weder, weêr, G. wetter, OHG. wetar, Icel. veedhr, Dan.
veir, Sw. väder wind, air, weather, and perhaps to OSlav. vedro fair
weather; or perhaps to Lith. vetra storm, Russ. vieter', vietr',
wind, and E. wind. Cf. Wither.]

1. The state of the air or atmosphere with respect to heat or cold,
wetness or dryness, calm or storm, clearness or cloudiness, or any
other meteorological phenomena; meteorological condition of the
atmosphere; as, warm weather; cold weather; wet weather; dry weather,
etc.
Not amiss to cool a man's stomach this hot weather. Shak.
Fair weather cometh out of the north. Job xxxvii. 22.

2. Vicissitude of season; meteorological change; alternation of the
state of the air. Bacon.

3. Storm; tempest.
What gusts of weather from that gathering cloud My thoughts presage!
Dryden.

4. A light rain; a shower. [Obs.] Wyclif. Stress of weather, violent
winds; force of tempests.
 -- To make fair weather, to flatter; to give flattering
representations. [R.] -- To make good, or bad, weather (Naut.), to
endure a gale well or ill; -- said of a vessel. Shak.
 -- Under the weather, ill; also, financially embarrassed. [Colloq.
U. S.] Bartlett.
 -- Weather box. Same as Weather house, below. Thackeray.
 -- Weather breeder, a fine day which is supposed to presage foul
weather.
 -- Weather bureau, a popular name for the signal service. See Signal
service, under Signal, a. [U.S.] -- Weather cloth (Naut.), a long
piece of canvas of tarpaulin used to preserve the hammocks from
injury by the weather when stowed in the nettings.
 -- Weather door. (Mining) See Trapdoor, 2.
 -- Weather gall. Same as Water gall, 2. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
 -- Weather house, a mechanical contrivance in the form of a house,
which indicates changes in atmospheric conditions by the appearance
or retirement of toy images.
Peace to the artist whose ingenious thought Devised the weather
house, that useful toy! Cowper.
-- Weather molding, or Weather moulding (Arch.), a canopy or cornice
over a door or a window, to throw off the rain.
 -- Weather of a windmill sail, the obliquity of the sail, or the
angle which it makes with its plane of revolution.
 -- Weather report, a daily report of meteorological observations,
and of probable changes in the weather; esp., one published by
government authority.
 -- Weather spy, a stargazer; one who foretells the weather. [R.]
Donne.
 -- Weather strip (Arch.), a strip of wood, rubber, or other
material, applied to an outer door or window so as to cover the joint
made by it with the sill, casings, or threshold, in order to exclude
rain, snow, cold air, etc.

WEATHER
Weath"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Weathered; p. pr. & vb. n. Weathering.]

1. To expose to the air; to air; to season by exposure to air.
[An eagle] soaring through his wide empire of the air To weather his
broad sails. Spenser.
This gear lacks weathering. Latimer.

2. Hence, to sustain the trying effect of; to bear up against and
overcome; to sustain; to endure; to resist; as, to weather the storm.
For I can weather the roughest gale. Longfellow.
You will weather the difficulties yet. F. W. Robertson.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: To sail or pass to the windward of; as, to weather a cape; to
weather another ship.

4. (Falconry)

Defn: To place (a hawk) unhooded in the open air. Encyc. Brit. To
weather a point. (a) (Naut.) To pass a point of land, leaving it on
the lee side. (b) Hence, to gain or accomplish anything against
opposition.
 -- To weather out, to encounter successfully, though with
difficulty; as, to weather out a storm.

WEATHER
Weath"er, v. i.

Defn: To undergo or endure the action of the atmosphere; to suffer
meteorological influences; sometimes, to wear away, or alter, under
atmospheric influences; to suffer waste by weather.
The organisms . . . seem indestructible, while the hard matrix in
which they are imbedded has weathered from around them. H. Miller.

WEATHER
Weath"er, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Being toward the wind, or windward -- opposed to lee; as,
weather bow, weather braces, weather gauge, weather lifts, weather
quarter, weather shrouds, etc. Weather gauge. (a) (Naut.) The
position of a ship to the windward of another. (b) Fig.: A position
of advantage or superiority; advantage in position.
To veer, and tack, and steer a cause Against the weather gauge of
laws. Hudibras.
-- Weather helm (Naut.), a tendency on the part of a sailing vessel
to come up into the wind, rendering it necessary to put the helm up,
that is, toward the weather side.
 -- Weather shore (Naut.), the shore to the windward of a ship.
Totten.
 -- Weather tide (Naut.), the tide which sets against the lee side of
a ship, impelling her to the windward. Mar. Dict.

WEATHER-BEATEN
Weath"er-beat`en, a.

Defn: Beaten or harassed by the weather; worn by exposure to the
weather, especially to severe weather. Shak.

WEATHER-BIT
Weath"er-bit`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A turn of the cable about the end of the windlass, without the
bits.

WEATHERBIT
Weath"er*bit`, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To take another turn with, as a cable around a windlass.
Totten.

WEATHER-BITTEN
Weath"er-bit`ten, a.

Defn: Eaten into, defaced, or worn, by exposure to the weather.
Coleridge.

WEATHERBOARD
Weath"er*board`, n.

1. (Naut.)
(a) That side of a vessel which is toward the wind; the windward
side.
(b) A piece of plank placed in a porthole, or other opening, to keep
out water.

2.
(a) (Arch.) A board extending from the ridge to the eaves along the
slope of the gable, and forming a close junction between the
shingling of a roof and the side of the building beneath.
(b) A clapboard or feather-edged board used in weatherboarding.

WEATHER-BOARD
Weath"er-board`, v. t. (Arch.)

Defn: To nail boards upon so as to lap one over another, in order to
exclude rain, snow, etc. Gwilt.

WEATHERBOARDING
Weath"er*board`ing, n. (Arch.)
(a) The covering or siding of a building, formed of boards lapping
over one another, to exclude rain, snow, etc.
(b) Boards adapted or intended for such use.

WEATHER-BOUND
Weath"er-bound`, a.

Defn: Kept in port or at anchor by storms; delayed by bad weather;
as, a weather-bound vessel.

WEATHERCOCK
Weath"er*cock`, n.

1. A vane, or weather vane; -- so called because originally often in
the figure of a cock, turning on the top of a spire with the wind,
and showing its direction. "As a wedercok that turneth his face with
every wind." Chaucer.
Noisy weathercocks rattled and sang of mutation. Longfellow.

2. Hence, any thing or person that turns easily and frequently; one
who veers with every change of current opinion; a fickle, inconstant
person.

WEATHERCOCK
Weath"er*cock`, v. t.

Defn: To supply with a weathercock; to serve as a weathercock for.
Whose blazing wyvern weathercock the spire. Tennyson.

WEATHER-DRIVEN
Weath"er-driv`en, a.

Defn: Driven by winds or storms; forced by stress of weather. Carew.

WEATHERED
Weath"ered, a.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: Made sloping, so as to throw off water; as, a weathered cornice
or window sill.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Having the surface altered in color, texture, or composition,
or the edges rounded off by exposure to the elements.

WEATHER-FEND
Weath"er-fend`, v. t.

Defn: To defend from the weather; to shelter. Shak.
[We] barked the white spruce to weather-fend the roof. Emerson.

WEATHERGLASS
Weath"er*glass`, n.

Defn: An instrument to indicate the state of the atmosphere,
especially changes of atmospheric pressure, and hence changes of
weather, as a barometer or baroscope. Poor man's weatherglass. (Bot.)
See under Poor.

WEATHERING
Weath"er*ing, n. (Geol.)

Defn: The action of the elements on a rock in altering its color,
texture, or composition, or in rounding off its edges.

WEATHERLINESS
Weath"er*li*ness, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The quality of being weatherly.

WEATHERLY
Weath"er*ly, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Working, or able to sail, close to the wind; as, a weatherly
ship. Cooper.

WEATHER MAP
Weath"er map.

Defn: A map or chart showing the principal meteorological elements at
a given hour and over an extended region. Such maps usually show the
height of the barometer, the temperature of the air, the relative
humidity, the state of the weather, and the direction and velocity of
the wind. Isobars and isotherms outline the general distribution of
temperature and pressure, while shaded areas indicate the sections
over which rain has just fallen. Other lines inclose areas where the
temperature has fallen or risen markedly. In tabular form are shown
changes of pressure and of temperature, maximum and minimum
temperatures, and total rain for each weather station since the last
issue, usually 12 hours.

WEATHERMOST
Weath"er*most`, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Being farthest to the windward.

WEATHERPROOF
Weath"er*proof`, a.

Defn: Proof against rough weather.

WEATHER SIGNAL
Weather signal.

Defn: Any signal giving information about the weather. The system
used by the United States Weather Bureau includes temperature, cold
or hot wave, rain or snow, wind direction, storm, and hurricane
signals.

WEATHER STATION
Weather station. (Meteor.)

Defn: A station for taking meteorological observations, making
weather forecasts, or disseminating such information. Such stations
are of the first order when they make observations of all the
important elements either hourly or by self-registering instruments;
of the second order when only important observations are taken; of
the third order when simpler work is done, as to record rainfall and
maximum and minimum temperatures.

WEATHERWISE
Weath"er*wise`, a.

Defn: Skillful in forecasting the changes of the weather. Hakluyt.

WEATHERWISER
Weath"er*wis`er, n. Etym: [Cf. Waywiser.]

Defn: Something that foreshows the weather. [Obs.] Derham.

WEATHERWORN
Weath"er*worn`, a.

Defn: Worn by the action of, or by exposure to, the weather.

WEAVE
Weave, v. t. [imp. Wove; p. p. Woven, Wove; p. pr. & vb. n. Weaving.
The regular imp. & p. p. Weaved (, is rarely used.] Etym: [OE. weven,
AS. wefan; akin to D. weven, G. weben, OHG. weban, Icel. vefa, Sw.
väfva, Dan. væve, Gr. spider, lit., wool weaver. Cf. Waper, Waffle,
Web, Weevil, Weft, Woof.]

1. To unite, as threads of any kind, in such a manner as to form a
texture; to entwine or interlace into a fabric; as, to weave wool,
silk, etc.; hence, to unite by close connection or intermixture; to
unite intimately.
This weaves itself, perforce, into my business. Shak.
That in their green shops weave the smooth-haired silk To deck her
sons. Milton.
And for these words, thus woven into song. Byron.

2. To form, as cloth, by interlacing threads; to compose, as a
texture of any kind, by putting together textile materials; as, to
weave broadcloth; to weave a carpet; hence, to form into a fabric; to
compose; to fabricate; as, to weave the plot of a story.
When she weaved the sleided silk. Shak.
Her starry wreaths the virgin jasmin weaves. Ld. Lytton.

WEAVE
Weave, v. i.

1. To practice weaving; to work with a loom.

2. To become woven or interwoven.

WEAVE
Weave, n.

Defn: A particular method or pattern of weaving; as, the cassimere
weave.

WEAVER
Weav"er, n.

1. One who weaves, or whose occupation is to weave. "Weavers of
linen." P. Plowman.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A weaver bird.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An aquatic beetle of the genus Gyrinus. See Whirling. Weaver
bird (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Asiatic, Fast Indian,
and African birds belonging to Ploceus and allied genera of the
family Ploceidæ. Weaver birds resemble finches and sparrows in size,
colors, and shape of the bill. They construct pensile nests composed
of interlaced grass and other similar materials. In some of the
species the nest is retort-shaped, with the opening at the bottom of
the tube.
 -- Weavers' shuttle (Zoöl.), an East Indian marine univalve shell
(Radius volva); -- so called from its shape. See Illust. of Shuttle
shell, under Shuttle.

WEAVERFISH
Weav"er*fish`, n. Etym: [See Weever.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Weever.

WEAVING
Weav"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, weaves; the act or art of
forming cloth in a loom by the union or intertexture of threads.

2. (Far.)

Defn: An incessant motion of a horse's head, neck, and body, from
side to side, fancied to resemble the motion of a hand weaver in
throwing the shuttle. Youatt.

WEAZAND
Wea"zand, n.

Defn: See Weasand. [Obs.]

WEAZEN
Wea"zen, a. Etym: [See Wizen.]

Defn: Thin; sharp; withered; wizened; as, a weazen face.
They were weazen and shriveled. Dickens.

WEAZENY
Wea"zen*y, a.

Defn: Somewhat weazen; shriveled. [Colloq.] "Weazeny, baked pears."
Lowell.

WEB
Web, n. Etym: [OE. webbe, AS. webba. See Weave.]

Defn: A weaver. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WEB
Web, n. Etym: [OE. web, AS. webb; akin to D. web, webbe, OHG. weppi,
G. gewebe, Icel. vefr, Sw. väf, Dan. væv. See Weave.]

1. That which is woven; a texture; textile fabric; esp., something
woven in a loom.
Penelope, for her Ulysses' sake, Devised a web her wooers to deceive.
Spenser.
Not web might be woven, not a shuttle thrown, or penalty of exile.
Bancroft.

2. A whole piece of linen cloth as woven.

3. The texture of very fine thread spun by a spider for catching
insects at its prey; a cobweb. "The smallest spider's web." Shak.

4. Fig.: Tissue; texture; complicated fabrication.
The somber spirit of our forefathers, who wove their web of life with
hardly a . . . thread of rose-color or gold. Hawthorne.
Such has been the perplexing ingenuity of commentators that it is
difficult to extricate the truth from the web of conjectures. W.
Irving.

5. (Carriages)

Defn: A band of webbing used to regulate the extension of the hood.

6. A thin metal sheet, plate, or strip, as of lead.
And Christians slain roll up in webs of lead. Fairfax.
Specifically: -
(a) The blade of a sword. [Obs.]
The sword, whereof the web was steel, Pommel rich stone, hilt gold.
Fairfax.

(b) The blade of a saw.
(c) The thin, sharp part of a colter.
(d) The bit of a key.

7. (Mach. & Engin.)

Defn: A plate or thin portion, continuous or perforated, connecting
stiffening ribs or flanges, or other parts of an object.
Specifically: --
(a) The thin vertical plate or portion connecting the upper and lower
flanges of an lower flanges of an iron girder, rolled beam, or
railroad rail.
(b) A disk or solid construction serving, instead of spokes, for
connecting the rim and hub, in some kinds of car wheels, sheaves,
etc.
(c) The arm of a crank between the shaft and the wrist.
(d) The part of a blackmith's anvil between the face and the foot.

8. (Med.)

Defn: Pterygium; -- called also webeye. Shak.

9. (Anat.)

Defn: The membrane which unites the fingers or toes, either at their
bases, as in man, or for a greater part of their length, as in many
water birds and amphibians.

10. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The series of barbs implanted on each side of the shaft of a
feather, whether stiff and united together by barbules, as in
ordinary feathers, or soft and separate, as in downy feathers. See
Feather.

Pin and web (Med.), two diseases of the eye, caligo and pterygium; --
sometimes wrongly explained as one disease. See Pin, n., 8, and Web,
n., 8. "He never yet had pinne or webbe, his sight for to decay."
Gascoigne.
 -- Web member (Engin.), one of the braces in a web system.
 -- Web press, a printing press which takes paper from a roll instead
of being fed with sheets.
 -- Web system (Engin.), the system of braces connecting the flanges
of a lattice girder, post, or the like.

WEB
Web, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Webbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Webbing.]

Defn: To unite or surround with a web, or as if with a web; to
envelop; to entangle.

WEBBED
Webbed, a.

1. Provided with a web.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the toes united by a membrane, or web; as, the webbed
feet of aquatic fowls.

WEBBER
Web"ber, n.

Defn: One who forms webs; a weaver; a webster. [Obs.]

WEBBING
Web"bing, n.

Defn: A woven band of cotton or flax, used for reins, girths, bed
bottoms, etc.

WEBBY
Web"by, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a web or webs; like a web; filled or
covered with webs.
Bats on their webby wings in darkness move. Crabbe.

WEBER
We"ber, n. Etym: [From the name of Professor Weber, a German
electrician.] (Elec.)

Defn: The standard unit of electrical quantity, and also of current.
See Coulomb, and Amp. [Obs.]

WEBEYE
Web"eye`, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Web, n., 8.

WEB-FINGERED
Web"-fin`gered, a.

Defn: Having the fingers united by a web for a considerable part of
their length.

WEBFOOT
Web"foot`, n.; pl. Webfeet (.

1. A foot the toes of which are connected by a membrane.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any web-footed bird.

WEB-FOOTED
Web"-foot`ed, a.

Defn: Having webbed feet; palmiped; as, a goose or a duck is a web-
footed fowl.

WEBSTER
Web"ster, n. Etym: [AS. webbestre. See Web, Weave, and -ster.]

Defn: A weaver; originally, a female weaver. [Obs.] Brathwait.

WEBSTERITE
Web"ster*ite, n. Etym: [So named after Webster, the geologist.]
(Min.)

Defn: A hydrous sulphate of alumina occurring in white reniform
masses.

WEB-TOED
Web"-toed`, a.

Defn: Having the toes united by a web for a considerable part of
their length.

WEBWORM
Web"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of various species of moths whose gregarious larvæ eat
the leaves of trees, and construct a large web to which they retreat
when not feeding.

Note: The most destructive webworms belong to the family Bombycidæ,
as the fall webworm (Hyphantria textor), which feeds on various fruit
and forest trees, and the common tent caterpillar, which feeds on
various fruit trees (see Tent caterpillar, under Tent.) The grapevine
webworm is the larva of a geometrid moth (see Vine inchworm, under
Vine).

WED
Wed (wêd), n. Etym: [AS. wedd; akin to OFries. wed, OD. wedde, OHG,
wetti, G. wette a wager, Icel. veedh a pledge, Sw. vad a wager, an
appeal, Goth. wadi a pledge, Lith. vaduti to redeem (a pledge), LL.
vadium, L. vas, vadis, bail, security, vadimonium security, and Gr.
Athlete, Gage a pledge, Wage.]

Defn: A pledge; a pawn. [Obs.] Gower. Piers Plowman.
Let him be ware, his neck lieth to wed [i. e., for a security].
Chaucer.

WED
Wed, v. t. [imp. Wedded; p. p. Wedded or Wed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Wedding.] Etym: [OE. wedden, AS. weddian to covenant, promise, to
wed, marry; akin to OFries. weddia to promise, D. wedden to wager, to
bet, G. wetten, Icel. veedhja, Dan. vedde, Sw. vädja to appeal, Goth.
gawadjon to betroth. See Wed, n.]

1. To take for husband or for wife by a formal ceremony; to marry; to
espouse.
With this ring I thee wed. Bk. of Com. Prayer.
I saw thee first, and wedded thee. Milton.

2. To join in marriage; to give in wedlock.
And Adam, wedded to another Eve, Shall live with her. Milton.

3. Fig.: To unite as if by the affections or the bond of marriage; to
attach firmly or indissolubly.
Thou art wedded to calamity. Shak.
Men are wedded to their lusts. Tillotson.
[Flowers] are wedded thus, like beauty to old age. Cowper.

4. To take to one's self and support; to espouse. [Obs.]
They positively and concernedly wedded his cause. Clarendon.

WED
Wed, v. i.

Defn: To contact matrimony; to marry. "When I shall wed." Shak.

WEDDAHS
Wed"dahs, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: See Veddahs.

WEDDED
Wed"ded, a.

1. Joined in wedlock; married.
Let wwedded dame. Pope.

2. Of or pertaining to wedlock, or marriage. "Wedded love." Milton.

WEDDER
Wed"der, n.

Defn: See Wether. Sir W. Scott.

WEDDING
Wed"ding, n. Etym: [AS. wedding.]

Defn: Nuptial ceremony; nuptial festivities; marriage; nuptials.
Simple and brief was the wedding, as that of Ruth and of Boaz.
Longfellow.

Note: Certain anniversaries of an unbroken marriage have received
fanciful, and more or less appropriate, names. Thus, the fifth
anniversary is called the wooden wedding; the tenth, the tin wedding;
the fifteenth, the crystal wedding; the twentieth, the china wedding;
the twenty-fifth, the silver wedding; the fiftieth, the golden
wedding; the sixtieth, the diamond wedding. These anniversaries are
often celebrated by appropriate presents of wood, tin, china, silver,
gold, etc., given by friends.

Note: Wedding is often used adjectively; as, wedding cake, wedding
cards, wedding clothes, wedding day, wedding feast, wedding guest,
wedding ring, etc.
Let her beauty be her wedding dower. Shak.
Wedding favor, a marriage favor. See under Marriage.

WEDER
Wed"er, n.

Defn: Weather. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WEDGE
Wedge, n. Etym: [OE. wegge, AS. wecg; akin to D. wig, wigge, OHG.
wecki, G. weck a (wedge-shaped) loaf, Icel. veggr, Dan. vægge, Sw.
vigg, and probably to Lith. vagis a peg. Cf. Wigg.]

1. A piece of metal, or other hard material, thick at one end, and
tapering to a thin edge at the other, used in splitting wood, rocks,
etc., in raising heavy bodies, and the like. It is one of the six
elementary machines called the mechanical powers. See Illust. of
Mechanical powers, under Mechanical.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A solid of five sides, having a rectangular base, two
rectangular or trapezoidal sides meeting in an edge, and two
triangular ends.

3. A mass of metal, especially when of a wedgelike form. "Wedges of
gold." Shak.

4. Anything in the form of a wedge, as a body of troops drawn up in
such a form.
In warlike muster they appear, In rhombs, and wedges, and half-moons,
and wings. Milton.

5. The person whose name stands lowest on the list of the classical
tripos; -- so called after a person (Wedgewood) who occupied this
position on the first list of 1828. [Cant, Cambridge Univ., Eng.] C.
A. Bristed. Fox wedge. (Mach. & Carpentry) See under Fox.
 -- Spherical wedge (Geom.), the portion of a sphere included between
two planes which intersect in a diameter.

WEDGE
Wedge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wedged; p. pr. & vb. n. Wedging.]

1. To cleave or separate with a wedge or wedges, or as with a wedge;
to rive. "My heart, as wedged with a sigh, would rive in twain."
Shak.

2. To force or drive as a wedge is driven.
Among the crowd in the abbey where a finger Could not be wedged in
more. Shak.
He 's just the sort of man to wedge himself into a snug berth. Mrs.
J. H. Ewing.

3. To force by crowding and pushing as a wedge does; as, to wedge
one's way. Milton.

4. To press closely; to fix, or make fast, in the manner of a wedge
that is driven into something.
Wedged in the rocky shoals, and sticking fast. Dryden.

5. To fasten with a wedge, or with wedges; as, to wedge a scythe on
the snath; to wedge a rail or a piece of timber in its place.

6. (Pottery)

Defn: To cut, as clay, into wedgelike masses, and work by dashing
together, in order to expel air bubbles, etc. Tomlinson.

WEDGEBILL
Wedge"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Australian crested insessorial bird (Sphenostoma cristatum)
having a wedge-shaped bill. Its color is dull brown, like the earth
of the plains where it lives.

WEDGE-FORMED
Wedge"-formed`, a.

Defn: Having the form of a wedge; cuneiform. Wedge-formed characters.
See Arrow-headed characters, under Arrowheaded.

WEDGE GAUGE; WEDGE GAGE
Wedge gauge or gage .

Defn: A wedge with a graduated edge, to measure the width of a space
into which it is thrust.

WEDGE GEAR
Wedge gear.

Defn: A friction gear wheel with wedge-shaped circumferential
grooves. -- Wedge gearing.

WEDGE-SHAPED
Wedge"-shaped`, a.

1. Having the shape of a wedge; cuneiform.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Broad and truncate at the summit, and tapering down to the
base; as, a wedge-shaped leaf.

WEDGE-SHELL
Wedge"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small marine bivalves belonging
to Donax and allied genera in which the shell is wedge-shaped.

WEDGE-TAILED
Wedge"-tailed", a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a tail which has the middle pair of feathers longest,
the rest successively and decidedly shorter, and all more or less
attenuate; -- said of certain birds. See Illust. of Wood hoopoe,
under Wood. Wedge-tailed eagle, an Australian eagle (Aquila audax)
which feeds on various small species of kangaroos, and on lambs; --
called also mountain eagle, bold eagle, and eagle hawk.
 -- Wedge-tailed gull, an arctic gull (Rhodostethia rosea) in which
the plumage is tinged with rose; -- called also Ross's gull.

WEDGEWISE
Wedge"wise`, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a wedge.

WEDGWOOD WARE
Wedg"wood` ware`. Etym: [From the name of the inventor, Josiah
Wedgwood, of England.]

Defn: A kind of fine pottery, the most remarkable being what is
called jasper, either white, or colored throughout the body, and
capable of being molded into the most delicate forms, so that fine
and minute bas-reliefs like cameos were made of it, fit even for
being set as jewels.

WEDGY
Wedg"y, a.

Defn: Like a wedge; wedge-shaped.

WEDLOCK
Wed"lock, n. Etym: [AS. wedlac a pledge, be trothal; wedd a pledge +
lac a gift, an offering. See Wed, n., and cf. Lake, v. i.,
Knowledge.]

1. The ceremony, or the state, of marriage; matrimony. "That blissful
yoke . . . that men clepeth [call] spousal, or wedlock." Chaucer.
For what is wedlock forced but a hell, An age of discord or continual
strife Shak.

2. A wife; a married woman. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Syn.
 -- See Marriage.

WEDLOCK
Wed"lock, v. t.

Defn: To marry; to unite in marriage; to wed. [R.] "Man thus
wedlocked." Milton.

WEDNESDAY
Wednes"day (; 48), n. Etym: [OE. wednesdai, wodnesdei, AS. Wodnes
dæg, i. e., Woden's day (a translation of L. dies Mercurii); fr.
Woden the highest god of the Teutonic peoples, but identified with
the Roman god Mercury; akin to OS. Wodan, OHG. Wuotan, Icel. Oedhinn,
D. woensdag Wednesday, Icel. oedhinsdagr, Dan. & Sw. onsdag. See Day,
and cf. Woden, Wood, a.]

Defn: The fourth day of the week; the next day after Tuesday. Ash
Wednesday. See in the Vocabulary.

WEE
Wee, n. Etym: [OE. we a bit, in a little we, probably originally
meaning, a little way, the word we for wei being later taken as
synonymous with little. See Way.]

Defn: A little; a bit, as of space, time, or distance. [Obs. or
Scot.]

WEE
Wee, a.

Defn: Very small; little. [Colloq. & Scot.]
A little wee face, with a little yellow beard. Shak.

WEECH-ELM
Weech"-elm`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The wych-elm. [Obs.] Bacon.

WEED
Weed, n. Etym: [OE. wede, AS. w, w; akin to OS. wadi, giwadi, OFries,
w, w, OD. wade, OHG. wat, Icel. va, Zend vadh to clothe.]

1. A garment; clothing; especially, an upper or outer garment.
"Lowweeds." Spenser. "Woman's weeds." Shak. "This beggar woman's
weed." Tennyson.
He on his bed sat, the soft weeds he wore Put off. Chapman.

2. An article of dress worn in token of grief; a mourning garment or
badge; as, he wore a weed on his hat; especially, in the plural,
mourning garb, as of a woman; as, a widow's weeds.
In a mourning weed, with ashes upon her head, and tears abundantly
flowing. Milton.

WEED
Weed, n.

Defn: A sudden illness or relapse, often attended with fever, which
attacks women in childbed. [Scot.]

WEED
Weed, n. Etym: [OE. weed, weod, AS. weód, wiód, akin to OS. wiod, LG.
woden the stalks and leaves of vegetables D. wieden to weed, OS.
wiodon.]

1. Underbrush; low shrubs. [Obs. or Archaic]
One rushing forth out of the thickest weed. Spenser.
A wild and wanton pard . . . Crouched fawning in the weed. Tennyson.

2. Any plant growing in cultivated ground to the injury of the crop
or desired vegetation, or to the disfigurement of the place; an
unsightly, useless, or injurious plant.
Too much manuring filled that field with weeds. Denham.

Note: The word has no definite application to any particular plant,
or species of plants. Whatever plants grow among corn or grass, in
hedges, or elsewhere, and are useless to man, injurious to crops, or
unsightly or out of place, are denominated weeds.

3. Fig.: Something unprofitable or troublesome; anything useless.

4. (Stock Breeding)

Defn: An animal unfit to breed from.

5. Tobacco, or a cigar. [Slang] Weed hook, a hook used for cutting
away or extirpating weeds. Tusser.

WEED
Weed, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Weeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Weeding.] Etym:
[AS. weódian. See 3d Weed.]

1. To free from noxious plants; to clear of weeds; as, to weed corn
or onions; to weed a garden.

2. To take away, as noxious plants; to remove, as something hurtful;
to extirpate. "Weed up thyme." Shak.
Wise fathers . . . weeding from their children ill things. Ascham.
Revenge is a kind of wild justice, which the more man's nature runs
to, the more ought law to weed it out. Bacon.

3. To free from anything hurtful or offensive.
He weeded the kingdom of such as were devoted to Elaiana. Howell.

4. (Stock Breeding)

Defn: To reject as unfit for breeding purposes.

WEEDER
Weed"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, weeds, or frees from anything noxious.

WEEDERY
Weed"er*y, n.

Defn: Weeds, collectively; also, a place full of weeds or for growing
weeds. [R.] Dr. H. More.

WEEDING
Weed"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Weed, v. Weeding chisel, a tool with a divided
chisel-like end, for cutting the roots of large weeds under ground.
 -- Weeding forceps, an instrument for taking up some sorts of plants
in weeding.
 -- Weeding fork, a strong, three-pronged fork, used in clearing
ground of weeds; -- called also weeding iron.
 -- Weeding hook. Same as Weed hook, under 3d Weed.
 -- Weeding iron. See Weeding fork, above.
 -- Weeding tongs. Same as Weeding forceps, above.

WEEDING-RHIM
Weed"ing-rhim`, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. rim to remove.]

Defn: A kind of implement used for tearing up weeds esp. on summer
fallows. [Prov. Eng.]

WEEDLESS
Weed"less, a.

Defn: Free from weeds or noxious matter.

WEEDY
Weed"y, a. [Compar. Weedier; superl. Weediest.]

1. Of or pertaining to weeds; consisting of weeds. "Weedy trophies."
Shak.

2. Abounding with weeds; as, weedy grounds; a weedy garden; weedy
corn.
See from the weedy earth a rivulet break. Bryant.

3. Scraggy; ill-shaped; ungainly; -- said of colts or horses, and
also of persons. [Colloq.]

WEEDY
Weed"y, a.

Defn: Dressed in weeds, or mourning garments. [R. or Colloq.]
She was as weedy as in the early days of her mourning. Dickens.

WEEK
Week, n. Etym: [OE. weke, wike, woke, wuke AS. weocu, wicu, wucu;
akin to OS. wika, OFries. wike, D. week, G. woche, OHG. wohha, wehha,
Icel. vika, Sw. vecka, Dan. uge, Goth. wik, probably originally
meaning, a succession or change, and akin to G. wechsel change, L.
vicis turn, alternation, and E. weak. Cf. Weak.]

Defn: A period of seven days, usually that reckoned from one Sabbath
or Sunday to the next.
I fast twice in the week. Luke xviii. 12.

Note: Although it [the week] did not enter into the calendar of the
Greeks, and was not introduced at Rome till after the reign of
Theodesius, it has been employed from time immemorial in almost all
Eastern countries. Encyc. Brit. Feast of Weeks. See Pentecost, 1.
 -- Prophetic week, a week of years, or seven years. Dan. ix. 24.
 -- Week day. See under Day.

WEEK-END
Week"-end", n.

Defn: The end of the week; specif., though loosely, the period
observed commonly as a holiday, from Saturday noon or Friday night to
Monday; as, to visit one for a week-end; also, a house party during a
week-end.

WEEKLY
Week"ly, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a week, or week days; as, weekly labor.

2. Coming, happening, or done once a week; hebdomadary; as, a weekly
payment; a weekly gazette.

WEEKLY
Week"ly, n.; pl. Weeklies (.

Defn: A publication issued once in seven days, or appearing once a
week.

WEEKLY
Week"ly, adv.

Defn: Once a week; by hebdomadal periods; as, each performs service
weekly.

WEEKWAM
Week"wam, n.

Defn: See Wigwam. [R.]

WEEL
Weel, a. & adv.

Defn: Well. [Obs. or Scot.]

WEEL
Weel, n. Etym: [AS. wæl. *147.]

Defn: A whirlpool. [Obs.]

WEEL; WEELY
Weel, Weel"y,Etym: [Prov. E. weel, weal, a wicker basket to catch
eels; prob. akin to willow, and so called as made of willow twigs.]

Defn: A kind of trap or snare for fish, made of twigs. [Obs.] Carew.

WEEN
Ween, v. i. Etym: [OE. wenen, AS. w, fr. w hope, expectation,
opinion; akin to D. waan, OFries. w, OS. & OHG. wan, G. wahn
delusion, Icel. van hope, expectation, Goth. w, and D. wanen to
fancy, G. wähnen, Icel. vana to hope, Goth. w, and perhaps to E.
winsome, wish.]

Defn: To think; to imagine; to fancy. [Obs. or Poetic] Spenser.
Milton.
I have lost more than thou wenest. Chaucer.
For well I ween, Never before in the bowers of light Had the form of
an earthly fay been seen. J. R. Drake.
Though never a dream the roses sent Of science or love's compliment,
I ween they smelt as sweet. Mrs. Browning.

WEEP
Weep, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lapwing; the wipe; -- so called from its cry.

WEEP
Weep, obs.

Defn: imp. of Weep, for wept. Chaucer.

WEEP
Weep, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wept; p. pr. & vb. n. Weeping.] Etym: [OE.
wepen, AS. w, from w lamentation; akin to OFries. w to lament, OS. w
lamentation, OHG. wuof, Icel. a shouting, crying, OS. w to lament,
OHG. wuoffan, wuoffen, Icel. , Goth. w.

1. Formerly, to express sorrow, grief, or anguish, by outcry, or by
other manifest signs; in modern use, to show grief or other passions
by shedding tears; to shed tears; to cry.
And they all wept sore, and fell on Paul's neck. Acts xx. 37.
Phocion was rarely seen to weep or to laugh. Mitford.
And eyes that wake to weep. Mrs. Hemans.
And they wept together in silence. Longfellow.

2. To lament; to complain. "They weep unto me, saying, Give us flesh,
that we may eat." Num. xi. 13.

3. To flow in drops; to run in drops.
The blood weeps from my heart. Shak.

4. To drop water, or the like; to drip; to be soaked.

5. To hang the branches, as if in sorrow; to be pendent; to droop; --
said of a plant or its branches.

WEEP
Weep, v. t.

1. To lament; to bewail; to bemoan. "I weep bitterly the dead." A. S.
Hardy.
We wandering go Through dreary wastes, and weep each other's woe.
Pope.

2. To shed, or pour forth, as tears; to shed drop by drop, as if
tears; as, to weep tears of joy.
Tears, such as angels weep, burst forth. Milton.
Groves whose rich trees wept odorous gums and balm. Milton.

WEEPER
Weep"er, n.

1. One who weeps; esp., one who sheds tears.

2. A white band or border worn on the sleeve as a badge of mourning.
Goldsmith.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The capuchin. See Capuchin, 3 (a).

WEEPFUL
Weep"ful, a.

Defn: Full of weeping or lamentation; grieving. [Obs.] Wyclif.

WEEPING
Weep"ing, n.

Defn: The act of one who weeps; lamentation with tears; shedding of
tears.

WEEPING
Weep"ing, a.

1. Grieving; lamenting; shedding tears. "Weeping eyes." I. Watts.

2. Discharging water, or other liquid, in drops or very slowly;
surcharged with water. "Weeping grounds." Mortimer.

3. Having slender, pendent branches; -- said of trees; as, weeping
willow; a weeping ash.

4. Pertaining to lamentation, or those who weep. Weeping cross, a
cross erected on or by the highway, especially for the devotions of
penitents; hence, to return by the weeping cross, to return from some
undertaking in humiliation or penitence.
 -- Weeping rock, a porous rock from which water gradually issues.
 -- Weeping sinew, a ganglion. See Ganglion, n., 2. [Colloq.] --
Weeping spring, a spring that discharges water slowly.
 -- Weeping willow (Bot.), a species of willow (Salix Babylonica)
whose branches grow very long and slender, and hang down almost
perpendicularly.

WEEPINGLY
Weep"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a weeping manner.

WEEPING-RIPE
Weep"ing-ripe`, a.

Defn: Ripe for weeping; ready to weep. [Obs.] Shak.

WEEPING TREE
Weep"ing tree.
 (a) Any tree having pendulous branches.
 (b) A tree from which honeydew or other liquid secretions of insects
drip in considerable quantities, esp. one infested by the larvæ of
any species of the genus Ptylus, allied to the cuckoo spits, which in
tropical countries secrete large quantities of a watery fluid.

WEERISH
Weer"ish, a.

Defn: See Wearish. [Obs.]

WEESEL
Wee"sel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Weasel.

WEET
Weet, a. & n.

Defn: Wet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WEET
Weet, v. i. [imp. Wot.] Etym: [See Wit to know.]

Defn: To know; to wit. [Obs.] Tyndale. Spenser.

WEET-BIRD
Weet"-bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wryneck; -- so called from its cry. [Prov. Eng.]

WEETINGLY
Weet"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Knowingly. [Obs.] Spenser.

WEETLESS
Weet"less, a.

Defn: Unknowing; also, unknown; unmeaning. [Obs.] Spenser.

WEET-WEET
Weet"-weet`, n. Etym: [So called from its piping cry when disturbed.]
(Zoöl.)
(a) The common European sandpiper.
(b) The chaffinch. [Prov. Eng.]

WEETWEET
Weet"*weet`, n. [Native name in Victoria.]

Defn: A throwing toy, or implement, of the Australian aborigines,
consisting of a cigar-shaped stick fastened at one end to a flexible
twig. It weighs in all about two ounces, and is about two feet long.

WEEVER
Wee"ver, n. Etym: [Probably from F. vive, OF. vivre, a kind of fish,
L. vipera viper. Cf. Viper.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of edible marine fishes belonging to
the genus Trachinus, of the family Trachinidæ. They have a broad
spinose head, with the eyes looking upward. The long dorsal fin is
supported by numerous strong, sharp spines which cause painful
wounds.

Note: The two British species are the great, or greater, weever
(Trachinus draco), which becomes a foot long (called also gowdie, sea
cat, stingbull, and weaverfish), and the lesser weever (T. vipera),
about half as large (called also otter pike, and stingfish).

WEEVIL
Wee"vil, n. Etym: [OE. wivel, wevil, AS. wifel, wibil; akin to OD.
wevel, OHG. wibil, wibel, G. wiebel, wibel, and probably to Lith.
vabalas beetle, and E. weave. See Weave.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of snout beetles, or Rhynchophora,
in which the head is elongated and usually curved downward. Many of
the species are very injurious to cultivated plants. The larvæ of
some of the species live in nuts, fruit, and grain by eating out the
interior, as the plum weevil, or curculio, the nut weevils, and the
grain weevil (see under Plum, Nut, and Grain). The larvæ of other
species bore under the bark and into the pith of trees and various
other plants, as the pine weevils (see under Pine). See also Pea
weevil, Rice weevil, Seed weevil, under Pea, Rice, and Seed.

WEEVILED
Wee"viled, a.

Defn: Infested by weevils; as, weeviled grain. [Written also
weevilled.]

WEEVILY
Wee"vil*y, a.

Defn: Having weevils; weeviled. [Written also weevilly.]

WEEZEL
Wee"zel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Weasel.

WEFT
Weft, obs.

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Wave.

WEFT
Weft, n. Etym: [Cf. Waif.]

Defn: A thing waved, waived, or cast away; a waif. [Obs.] "A forlorn
weft." Spenser.

WEFT
Weft, n. Etym: [AS. weft, wefta, fr. wefan, to weave. See Weave.]

1. The woof of cloth; the threads that cross the warp from selvage to
selvage; the thread carried by the shuttle in weaving.

2. A web; a thing woven.

WEFTAGE
Weft"age, n.

Defn: Texture. [Obs.] Grew.

WEGOTISM
We"go*tism, n. Etym: [From we, in imitation of egotism.]

Defn: Excessive use of the pronoun we; -- called also weism. [Colloq.
or Cant]

WEHRGELD; WEHRGELT
Wehr"geld`, Wehr"gelt`, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: See Weregild.

WEHRWOLF
Wehr"wolf`, n.

Defn: See Werewolf.

WEIGELA; WEIGELIA
Wei"gel*a, Wei*ge"li*a, n. Etym: [NL. So named after C. E. Weigel, a
German naturalist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A hardy garden shrub (Diervilla Japonica) belonging to the
Honeysuckle family, with withe or red flowers. It was introduced from
China.

WEIGH
Weigh, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A corruption of Way, used only in the phrase under weigh.
An expedition was got under weigh from New York. Thackeray.
The Athenians . . . hurried on board and with considerable difficulty
got under weigh. Jowett (Thucyd.).

WEIGH
Weigh, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Weighed; p. pr. & vb. n. Weighing.] Etym:
[OE. weien, weyen, weghen, AS. wegan to bear, move; akin to D. wegen
to weigh, G. wägen, wiegen, to weigh, bewegen to move, OHG. wegan,
Icel. vega to move, carry, lift, weigh, Sw. väga to weigh, Dan. veie,
Goth. gawigan to shake, L. vehere to carry, Skr. vah. Way, and cf.
Wey.]

1. To bear up; to raise; to lift into the air; to swing up; as, to
weigh anchor. "Weigh the vessel up." Cowper.

2. To examine by the balance; to ascertain the weight of, that is,
the force with which a thing tends to the center of the earth; to
determine the heaviness, or quantity of matter of; as, to weigh
sugar; to weigh gold.
Thou art weighed in the balances, and art found wanting. Dan. v. 27.

3. To be equivalent to in weight; to counterbalance; to have the
heaviness of. "A body weighing divers ounces." Boyle.

4. To pay, allot, take, or give by weight.
They weighed for my price thirty pieces of silver. Zech. xi. 12.

5. To examine or test as if by the balance; to ponder in the mind; to
consider or examine for the purpose of forming an opinion or coming
to a conclusion; to estimate deliberately and maturely; to balance.
A young man not weighed in state affairs. Bacon.
Had no better weighed The strength he was to cope with, or his own.
Milton.
Regard not who it is which speaketh, but weigh only what is spoken.
Hooker.
In nice balance, truth with gold she weighs. Pope.
Without sufficiently weighing his expressions. Sir W. Scott.

6. To consider as worthy of notice; to regard. [Obs. or Archaic] "I
weigh not you." Shak.
All that she so dear did weigh. Spenser.
To weigh down. (a) To overbalance. (b) To oppress with weight; to
overburden; to depress. "To weigh thy spirits down." Milton.

WEIGH
Weigh, v. i.

1. To have weight; to be heavy. "They only weigh the heavier."
Cowper.

2. To be considered as important; to have weight in the intellectual
balance.
Your vows to her and me . . . will even weigh. Shak.
This objection ought to weigh with those whose reading is designed
for much talk and little knowledge. Locke.

3. To bear heavily; to press hard.
Cleanse the stuffed bosom of that perilous stuff Which weighs upon
the heart. Shak.

4. To judge; to estimate. [R.]
Could not weigh of worthiness aright. Spenser.
To weigh down, to sink by its own weight.

WEIGH
Weigh, n. Etym: [See Wey.]

Defn: A certain quantity estimated by weight; an English measure of
weight. See Wey.

WEIGHABLE
Weigh"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being weighed.

WEIGHAGE
Weigh"age (; 48), n.

Defn: A duty or toil paid for weighing merchandise. Bouvier.

WEIGHBEAM
Weigh"beam`, n.

Defn: A kind of large steelyard for weighing merchandise; -- also
called weighmaster's beam.

WEIGHBOARD
Weigh"board`, n. (Mining)

Defn: Clay intersecting a vein. Weale.

WEIGHBRIDGE
Weigh"bridge`, n.

Defn: A weighing machine on which loaded carts may be weighed;
platform scales.

WEIGHER
Weigh"er, n.

Defn: One who weighs; specifically, an officer whose duty it is to
weigh commodities.

WEIGH-HOUSE
Weigh"-*house`, n.; pl. Weigh-houses (.

Defn: A building at or within which goods, and the like, are weighed.

WEIGHING
Weigh"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Weigh, v. Weighing cage, a cage in which small
living animals may be conveniently weighed.
 -- Weighing house. See Weigh-house.
 -- Weighing machine, any large machine or apparatus for weighing;
especially, platform scales arranged for weighing heavy bodies, as
loaded wagons.

WEIGHLOCK
Weigh"lock`, n.

Defn: A lock, as on a canal, in which boats are weighed and their
tonnage is settled.

WEIGHMASTER
Weigh"mas`ter, n.

Defn: One whose business it is to weigh ore, hay, merchandise, etc.;
one licensed as a public weigher.

WEIGHT
Weight, n. Etym: [OE. weght, wight, AS. gewiht; akin to D. gewigt, G.
gewicht, Icel. vætt, Sw. vigt, Dan. vægt. See Weigh, v. t.]

1. The quality of being heavy; that property of bodies by which they
tend toward the center of the earth; the effect of gravitative force,
especially when expressed in certain units or standards, as pounds,
grams, etc.

Note: Weight differs from gravity in being the effect of gravity, or
the downward pressure of a body under the influence of gravity;
hence, it constitutes a measure of the force of gravity, and being
the resultant of all the forces exerted by gravity upon the different
particles of the body, it is proportional to the quantity of matter
in the body.

2. The quantity of heaviness; comparative tendency to the center of
the earth; the quantity of matter as estimated by the balance, or
expressed numerically with reference to some standard unit; as, a
mass of stone having the weight of five hundred pounds.
For sorrow, like a heavy-hanging bell, Once set on ringing, with his
own weight goes. Shak.

3. Hence, pressure; burden; as, the weight of care or business. "The
weight of this said time." Shak.
For the public all this weight he bears. Milton.
[He] who singly bore the world's sad weight. Keble.

4. Importance; power; influence; efficacy; consequence; moment;
impressiveness; as, a consideration of vast weight.
In such a point of weight, so near mine honor. Shak.

5. A scale, or graduated standard, of heaviness; a mode of estimating
weight; as, avoirdupois weight; troy weight; apothecaries' weight.

6. A ponderous mass; something heavy; as, a clock weight; a paper
weight.
A man leapeth better with weights in his hands. Bacon.

7. A definite mass of iron, lead, brass, or other metal, to be used
for ascertaining the weight of other bodies; as, an ounce weight.

8. (Mech.)

Defn: The resistance against which a machine acts, as opposed to the
power which moves it. [Obs.] Atomic weight. (Chem.) See under Atomic,
and cf. Element.
 -- Dead weight, Feather weight, Heavy weight, Light weight, etc. See
under Dead, Feather, etc.
 -- Weight of observation (Astron. & Physics), a number expressing
the most probable relative value of each observation in determining
the result of a series of observations of the same kind.

Syn.
 -- Ponderousness; gravity; heaviness; pressure; burden; load;
importance; power; influence; efficacy; consequence; moment;
impressiveness.

WEIGHT
Weight, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Weighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Weighting.]

1. To load with a weight or weights; to load down; to make heavy; to
attach weights to; as, to weight a horse or a jockey at a race; to
weight a whip handle.
The arrows of satire, . . . weighted with sense. Coleridge.

2. (Astron. & Physics)

Defn: To assign a weight to; to express by a number the probable
accuracy of, as an observation. See Weight of observations, under
Weight.

WEIGHTILY
Weight"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a weighty manner.

WEIGHTINESS
Weight"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being weighty; weight; force;
importance; impressiveness.

WEIGHTLESS
Weight"less, a.

Defn: Having no weight; imponderable; hence, light. Shak.

WEIGHTY
Weight"y, a. [Compar. Weightier; superl. Weightiest.]

1. Having weight; heavy; ponderous; as, a weighty body.

2. Adapted to turn the balance in the mind, or to convince;
important; forcible; serious; momentous. "For sundry weighty
reasons." Shak.
Let me have your advice in a weighty affair. Swift.

3. Rigorous; severe; afflictive. [R.] "Attend our weightier
judgment." Shak.

Syn.
 -- Heavy; ponderous; burdensome; onerous; forcible; momentous;
efficacious; impressive; cogent.

WEIL'S DISEASE
Weil's disease. (Med.)

Defn: An acute infectious febrile disease, resembling typhoid fever,
with muscular pains, disturbance of the digestive organs, jaundice,
etc.

WEIR; WEAR
Weir, Wear, n. Etym: [OE. wer, AS. wer; akin to G. wehr, AS. werian
to defend, protect, hinder, G. wehren, Goth. warjan; and perhaps to
E. wary; or cf. Skr. vr to check, hinder. sq. root142. Cf. Garret.]

1. A dam in a river to stop and raise the water, for the purpose of
conducting it to a mill, forming a fish pond, or the like.

2. A fence of stakes, brushwood, or the like, set in a stream,
tideway, or inlet of the sea, for taking fish.

3. A long notch with a horizontal edge, as in the top of a vertical
plate or plank, through which water flows, -- used in measuring the
quantity of flowing water.

WEIRD
Weird, n. Etym: [OE. wirde, werde, AS. wyrd fate, fortune, one of the
Fates, fr. weor to be, to become; akin to OS. wurd fate, OHG. wurt,
Icel. ur. Worth to become.]

1. Fate; destiny; one of the Fates, or Norns; also, a prediction.
[Obs. or Scot.]

2. A spell or charm. [Obs. or Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

WEIRD
Weird, a.

1. Of or pertaining to fate; concerned with destiny.

2. Of or pertaining to witchcraft; caused by, or suggesting, magical
influence; supernatural; unearthly; wild; as, a weird appearance,
look, sound, etc.
Myself too had weird seizures. Tennyson.
Those sweet, low tones, that seemed like a weird incantation.
Longfellow.
Weird sisters, the Fates. [Scot.] G. Douglas.

Note: Shakespeare uses the term for the three witches in Macbeth.
The weird sisters, hand in hand, Posters of the sea and land. Shak.

WEIRD
Weird, v. t.

Defn: To foretell the fate of; to predict; to destine to. [Scot.]
Jamieson.

WEIRDNESS
Weird"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being weird.

WEISM
We"ism, n.

Defn: Same as Wegotism.

WEISMANNISM
Weis"mann*ism, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The theories and teachings in regard to heredity propounded by
the German biologist August Weismann, esp. in regard to germ plasm as
the basis of heredity and the impossibility of transmitting acquired
characteristics; -- often called neo-Darwinism.

WEISS BEER
Weiss beer. [G. weissbier white beer.]

Defn: A light-colored highly effervescent beer made by the top-
fermentation process.

WEIVE
Weive, v. t.

Defn: See Waive. [Obs.] Gower.

WEKA
We"ka, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A New Zealand rail (Ocydromus australis) which has wings so
short as to be incapable of flight.

WEKAU
We"kau, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small New Zealand owl (Sceloglaux albifacies). It has short
wings and long legs, and lives chiefly on the ground.

WEKEEN
We*keen", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The meadow pipit. [Prov. Eng.]

WELAWAY
Wel"a*way, interj. Etym: [OE. welaway, walaway, weilawey; wei wo!
(Icel. vei) + la lo! (AS. la) + wei wo!; cf. AS. wa la wa. See Woe.]

Defn: Alas! [Obs.]
Then welaway, for she undone was clean. Wyatt.

WEL-BEGONE
Wel"-be*gone`, a. Etym: [OE. wel-begon. See Well, and Begone.]

Defn: Surrounded with happiness or prosperity. [Obs.]
Fair and rich and young and wel-begone. Chaucer.

WELCH
Welch, a.

Defn: See Welsh. [R.]

WELCHER
Welch"er, n.

Defn: See Welsher.

WELCHMAN
Welch"man, n.

Defn: See Welshman. [R.]

WELCOME
Wel"come, a. Etym: [OE. welcome, welcume, wilcume, AS. wilcuma a
welcome guest, from wil-, as a prefix, akin to willa will + cuma a
comer, fr. cuman to come; hence, properly, one who comes so as to
please another's will; cf. Icel. velkominn welcome, G. willkommen.
See Will, n., and Come.]

1. Received with gladness; admitted willingly to the house,
entertainment, or company; as, a welcome visitor.
When the glad soul is made Heaven's welcome guest. Cowper.

2. Producing gladness; grateful; as, a welcome present; welcome news.
"O, welcome hour!" Milton.

3. Free to have or enjoy gratuitously; as, you are welcome to the use
of my library.

Note: Welcome is used elliptically for you are welcome. "Welcome,
great monarch, to your own." Dryden. Welcome-to-our-house (Bot.), a
kind of spurge (Euphorbia Cyparissias). Dr. Prior.

WELCOME
Wel"come, n.

1. Salutation to a newcomer. "Welcome ever smiles." Shak.

2. Kind reception of a guest or newcomer; as, we entered the house
and found a ready welcome.
His warmest welcome at an inn. Shenstone.
Truth finds an entrance and a welcome too. South.
To bid welcome, to receive with professions of kindness.
To thee and thy company I bid A hearty welcome. Shak.

WELCOME
Wel"come, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Welcomed; p. pr. & vb. n. Welcoming.]
Etym: [AS. wilcumian.]

Defn: To salute with kindness, as a newcomer; to receive and
entertain hospitably and cheerfully; as, to welcome a visitor; to
welcome a new idea. "I welcome you to land." Addison.
Thus we salute thee with our early song, And welcome thee, and wish
thee long. Milton.

WELCOMELY
Wel"come*ly, adv.

Defn: In a welcome manner.

WELCOMENESS
Wel"come*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being welcome; gratefulness;
agreeableness; kind reception.

WELCOMER
Wel"com*er, n.

Defn: One who welcomes; one who salutes, or receives kindly, a
newcomer. Shak.

WELD
Weld, v. t.

Defn: To wield. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WELD
Weld, n. Etym: [OE. welde; akin to Scot. wald, Prov. G. waude, G.
wau, Dan. & Sw. vau, D. wouw.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An herb (Reseda luteola) related to mignonette, growing in
Europe, and to some extent in America; dyer's broom; dyer's rocket;
dyer's weed; wild woad. It is used by dyers to give a yellow color.
[Written also woald, wold, and would.]

2. Coloring matter or dye extracted from this plant.

WELD
Weld, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Welded; p. pr. & vb. n. Welding.] Etym:
[Probably originally the same word as well to spring up, to gush;
perhaps from the Scand.; cf. Sw. välla to weld, uppvälla to boil up,
to spring up, Dan. vælde to gush, G. wellen to weld. See Well to
spring.]

1. To press or beat into intimate and permanent union, as two pieces
of iron when heated almost to fusion.

Note: Very few of the metals, besides iron and platinum. are capable
of being welded. Horn and tortoise shell possess this useful
property.

2. Fig.: To unite closely or intimately.
Two women faster welded in one love. Tennyson.

WELD
Weld, n.

Defn: The state of being welded; the joint made by welding. Butt
weld. See under Butt.
 -- Scarf weld, a joint made by overlapping, and welding together,
the scarfed ends of two pieces.

WELDABLE
Weld"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being welded.

WELDER
Weld"er, n.

Defn: One who welds, or unites pieces of iron, etc., by welding.

WELDER
Weld"er, n.

1. One who welds, or wields. [Obs.]

2. A manager; an actual occupant. [Ireland. Obs.] "The welder . . .
who . . . lives miserably." Swift.

WELDON'S PROCESS
Wel"don's proc"ess, (Chem.)

Defn: A process for the recovery or regeneration of manganese dioxide
in the manufacture of chlorine, by means of milk of lime and the
oxygen of the air; -- so called after the inventor.

WELD STEEL
Weld steel.

Defn: A compound of iron, such as puddled steel, made without
complete fusion.

WELE
Wele, n. Etym: [See Weal prosperity.]

Defn: Prosperity; happiness; well-being; weal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WELEFUL
Wele"ful, a.

Defn: Producing prosperity or happiness; blessed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WELEW
We"lew, v. t.

Defn: To welk, or wither. [Obs.]

WELFARE
Wel"fare`, n. Etym: [Well + fare to go, to proceed, to happen.]

Defn: Well-doing or well-being in any respect; the enjoyment of
health and the common blessings of life; exemption from any evil or
calamity; prosperity; happiness.
How to study for the people's welfare. Shak.
In whose deep eyes Men read the welfare of the times to come.
Emerson.

WELFARING
Wel"far`ing, a.

Defn: Faring well; prosperous; thriving. [Obs.] "A welfaring person."
Chaucer.

WELK
Welk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Welked; p. pr. & vb. n. Welking.] Etym:
[OE. welken; cf. D. & G. welken to wither, G. welk withered, OHG.
welc moist. See Welkin, and cf. Wilt.]

Defn: To wither; to fade; also, to decay; to decline; to wane. [Obs.]
When ruddy Phwelk in west. Spenser.
The church, that before by insensible degrees welked and impaired,
now with large steps went down hill decaying. Milton.

WELK
Welk, v. t.

1. To cause to wither; to wilt. [Obs.]
Mot thy welked neck be to-broke [broken]. Chaucer.

2. To contract; to shorten. [Obs.]
Now sad winter welked hath the day. Spenser.

3. To soak; also, to beat severely. [Prov. Eng.]

WELK
Welk, n.

Defn: A pustule. See 2d Whelk.

WELK
Welk, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A whelk. [R.]

WELKED
Welked, v. t.

Defn: See Whelked.

WELKIN
Wel"kin, n. Etym: [OE. welken, welkene, welkne, wolcne, weolcne, AS.
wolcen, pl. wolcnu, a cloud; akin to D. wolk, OFries. wolken, OS.
wolkan, G. wolke, OHG. wolchan, and probably to G. welk withered,
OHG. welc moist, Russ. & OSlav. vlaga moisture, Lith. vilgyti to
moisten.]

Defn: The visible regions of the air; the vault of heaven; the sky.
On the welkne shoon the sterres lyght. Chaucer.
The fair welkin foully overcast. Spenser.
When storms the welkin rend. Wordsworth.

Note: Used adjectively by Shakespeare in the phase, "Your welkin
eye," with uncertain meaning.

WELL
Well, n. Etym: [OE. welle, AS. wella, wylla, from weallan to well up,
surge, boil; akin to D. wel a spring or fountain. Well, v. i.]

1. An issue of water from the earth; a spring; a fountain.
Begin, then, sisters of the sacred well. Milton.

2. A pit or hole sunk into the earth to such a depth as to reach a
supply of water, generally of a cylindrical form, and often walled
with stone or bricks to prevent the earth from caving in.
The woman said unto him, Sir, thou hast nothing to draw with, and the
well is deep. John iv. 11.

3. A shaft made in the earth to obtain oil or brine.

4. Fig.: A source of supply; fountain; wellspring. "This well of
mercy." Chaucer.
Dan Chaucer, well of English undefiled. Spenser.
A well of serious thought and pure. Keble.

5. (Naut.)
(a) An inclosure in the middle of a vessel's hold, around the pumps,
from the bottom to the lower deck, to preserve the pumps from damage
and facilitate their inspection.
(b) A compartment in the middle of the hold of a fishing vessel, made
tight at the sides, but having holes perforated in the bottom to let
in water for the preservation of fish alive while they are
transported to market.
(c) A vertical passage in the stern into which an auxiliary screw
propeller may be drawn up out of water.
(d) A depressed space in the after part of the deck; -- often called
the cockpit.

6. (Mil.)

Defn: A hole or excavation in the earth, in mining, from which run
branches or galleries.

7. (Arch.)

Defn: An opening through the floors of a building, as for a staircase
or an elevator; a wellhole.

8. (Metal.)

Defn: The lower part of a furnace, into which the metal falls.
Artesian well, Driven well. See under Artesian, and Driven.
 -- Pump well. (Naut.) See Well, 5 (a), above.
 -- Well boring, the art or process of boring an artesian well.
 -- Well drain. (a) A drain or vent for water, somewhat like a well
or pit, serving to discharge the water of wet land. (b) A drain
conducting to a well or pit.
 -- Well room. (a) A room where a well or spring is situated;
especially, one built over a mineral spring. (b) (Naut.) A depression
in the bottom of a boat, into which water may run, and whence it is
thrown out with a scoop.
 -- Well sinker, one who sinks or digs wells.
 -- Well sinking, the art or process of sinking or digging wells.
 -- Well staircase (Arch.), a staircase having a wellhole (see
Wellhole (b)), as distinguished from one which occupies the whole of
the space left for it in the floor.
 -- Well sweep. Same as Sweep, n., 12.
 -- Well water, the water that flows into a well from subterraneous
springs; the water drawn from a well.

WELL
Well, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Welled; p. pr. & vb. n. Welling.] Etym:
[OE. wellen, AS. wyllan, wellan, fr. weallan; akin to OFries. walla,
OS. & OHG. wallan, G. wallen, Icel. vella, G. welle, wave, OHG.
wella, walm, AS. wylm; cf. L. volvere to roll, Gr. Voluble, Wallop to
boil, Wallow, Weld of metal.]

Defn: To issue forth, as water from the earth; to flow; to spring.
"[Blood] welled from out the wound." Dryden. "[Yon spring] wells
softly forth." Bryant.
From his two springs in Gojam's sunny realm, Pure welling out, he
through the lucid lake Of fair Dambea rolls his infant streams.
Thomson.

WELL
Well, v. t.

Defn: To pour forth, as from a well. Spenser.

WELL
Well, adv. [Compar. and superl. wanting, the deficiency being
supplied by better and best, from another root.] Etym: [OE. wel, AS.
wel; akin to OS., OFries., & D. wel, G. wohl, OHG. wola, wela, Icel.
& Dan. vel, Sw. väl, Goth. waíla; originally meaning, according to
one's will or wish. See Will, v. t., and cf. Wealth.]

1. In a good or proper manner; justly; rightly; not ill or wickedly.
If thou doest not well, sin lieth at the door. Gen. iv. 7.

2. Suitably to one's condition, to the occasion, or to a proposed end
or use; suitably; abundantly; fully; adequately; thoroughly.
Lot . . . beheld all the plain of Jordan, that it was well watered
everywhere. Gen. xiii. 10.
WE are wellable to overcome it. Num. xiii. 30.
She looketh well to the ways of her household. Prov. xxxi. 27.
Servant of God, well done! well hast thou fought The better fight.
Milton.

3. Fully or about; -- used with numbers. [Obs.] "Well a ten or
twelve." Chaucer.
Well nine and twenty in a company. Chaucer.

4. In such manner as is desirable; so as one could wish;
satisfactorily; favorably; advantageously; conveniently. "It boded
well to you." Dryden.
Know In measure what the mind may well contain. Milton.
All the world speaks well of you. Pope.

5. Considerably; not a little; far.
Abraham and Sarah were old and well stricken in age. Gen. xviii. 11.

Note: Well is sometimes used elliptically for it is well, as an
expression of satisfaction with what has been said or done, and
sometimes it expresses concession, or is merely expletive; as, well,
the work is done; well, let us go; well, well, be it so.

Note: Well, like above, ill, and so, is used before many participial
adjectives in its usual adverbial senses, and subject to the same
custom with regard to the use of the hyphen (see the Note under Ill,
adv.); as, a well-affected supporter; he was well affected toward the
project; a well-trained speaker; he was well trained in speaking;
well-educated, or well educated; well-dressed, or well dressed; well-
appearing; well-behaved; well-controlled; well-designed; well-
directed; well-formed; well-meant; well-minded; well-ordered; well-
performed; well-pleased; well-pleasing; well-seasoned; well-steered;
well-tasted; well-told, etc. Such compound epithets usually have an
obvious meaning, and since they may be formed at will, only a few of
this class are given in the Vocabulary. As well. See under As.
 -- As well as, and also; together with; not less than; one as much
as the other; as, a sickness long, as well as severe; London is the
largest city in England, as well as the capital.
 -- Well enough, well or good in a moderate degree; so as to give
satisfaction, or so as to require no alteration.
 -- Well off, in good condition; especially, in good condition as to
property or any advantages; thriving; prosperous.
 -- Well to do, well off; prosperous; -- used also adjectively. "The
class well to do in the world." J. H. Newman.
 -- Well to live, in easy circumstances; well off; well to do. Shak.

WELL
Well, a.

1. Good in condition or circumstances; desirable, either in a natural
or moral sense; fortunate; convenient; advantageous; happy; as, it is
well for the country that the crops did not fail; it is well that the
mistake was discovered.
It was well with us in Egypt. Num. xi. 18.

2. Being in health; sound in body; not ailing, diseased, or sick;
healthy; as, a well man; the patient is perfectly well. "Your friends
are well." Shak.
Is your father well, the old man of whom ye spake Gen. xliii. 27.

3. Being in favor; favored; fortunate.
He followed the fortunes of that family, and was well with Henry the
Fourth. Dryden.

4. (Marine Insurance)

Defn: Safe; as, a chip warranted well at a certain day and place.
Burrill.

WE'LL
We'll.

Defn: Contraction for we will or we shall. "We'll follow them." Shak.

WELLADAY
Well"a*day, interj. Etym: [Corrupted from wela way.]

Defn: Alas! Welaway! Shak.

WELLAT
Wel"lat, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The king parrakeet See under King.

WELL-BEING
Well"-be`ing, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being well; welfare; happiness;
prosperity; as, virtue is essential to the well-being of men or of
society.

WELL-BORN
Well"-born`, a.

Defn: Born of a noble or respect able family; not of mean birth.

WELL-BRED
Well"-bred`, a.

Defn: Having good breeding; refined in manners; polite; cultivated.
I am as well-bred as the earl's granddaughter. Thackera

WELLDOER
Well"do`er, n.

Defn: One who does well; one who does good to another; a benefactor.

WELLDOING
Well"do`ing, n.

Defn: A doing well; right performance of duties. Also used
adjectively.

WELLDRAIN
Well"drain`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Welldrained; p. pr. & vb. n. Well-
draining.]

Defn: To drain, as land; by means of wells, or pits, which receive
the water, and from which it is discharged by machinery.

WELLFARE
Well"fare`, n.

Defn: See Welfare. [Obs.]

WELL-FAVORED
Well"-fa"vored, a.

Defn: Handsome; wellformed; beautiful; pleasing to the eye.
Rachel was beautiful and well-favored. Gen. xxix. 17.

WELLHEAD
Well"head`, n.

Defn: A source, spring, or fountain.
At the wellhead the purest streams arise. Spenser.
Our public-school and university life is a great wellhead of new and
irresponsible words. Earle.

WELLHOLE
Well"hole`, n.

1. (Arch.)
(a) The open space in a floor, to accommodate a staircase.
(b) The open space left beyond the ends of the steps of a staircase.

2. A cavity which receives a counterbalancing weight in certain
mechanical contrivances, and is adapted also for other purposes. W.
M. Buchanan.

WELL-INFORMED
Well`-in*formed", a.

Defn: Correctly informed; provided with information; well furnished
with authentic knowledge; intelligent.

WELLINGTON BOOT
Wel"ling*ton boot. [After the Duke of Wellington.]

Defn: A riding boot for men, the front of which came above the knee;
also, a similar shorter boot worn under the trousers.

WELLINGTONIA
Wel`ling*to"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. So named after the Duke of
Wellington.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to the "big trees" (Sequoia gigantea) of
California, and still used in England. See Sequoia.

WELLINGTONS
Wel"ling*tons, n. pl. Etym: [After the Duke of Wellington.]

Defn: A kind of long boots for men.

WELL-INTENTIONED
Well`-in*ten"tioned, a.

Defn: Having upright intentions or honorable purposes.
Dutchmen who had sold themselves to France, as the wellintentioned
party. Macaulay.

WELL-KNOWN
Well"-known`, a.

Defn: Fully known; generally known or acknowledged.
A church well known with a well-known rite. M. Arnold.

WELL-LIKING
Well"-lik`ing, a.

Defn: Being in good condition. [Obs. or Archaic]
They also shall bring forth more fruit in their age, and shall be fat
and well-liking. Bk. of Com. Prayer (Ps. xcii.).

WELL-MANNERED
Well`-man"nered, a.

Defn: Polite; well-bred; complaisant; courteous. Dryden.

WELL-MEANER
Well"-mean`er, n.

Defn: One whose intention is good. "Well-meaners think no harm."
Dryden.

WELL-MEANING
Well"-mean`ing, a.

Defn: Having a good intention.

WELL-NATURED
Well`-na"tured, a.

Defn: Good-natured; kind.
Well-natured, temperate, and wise. Denham.

WELL-NIGH
Well"-nigh`, adv.

Defn: Almost; nearly. Chaucer.

WELL-PLIGHTED
Well"-plight`ed, a.

Defn: Being well folded. [Obs.] "Her well-plighted frock." Spenser.

WELL-READ
Well"-read`, a.

Defn: Of extensive reading; deeply versed; -- often followed by in.

WELL-SEEN
Well"-seen`, a.

Defn: Having seen much; hence, accomplished; experienced. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Well-seen in arms and proved in many a fight. Spenser.

WELL-SET
Well"-set`, a.

1. Properly or firmly set.

2. Well put together; having symmetry of parts.

WELL-SPED
Well"-sped`, a.

Defn: Having good success.

WELL-SPOKEN
Well"-spo`ken, a. Etym: [Well + speak.]

1. Speaking well; speaking with fitness or grace; speaking kindly. "A
knight well-spoken." Shak.

2. Spoken with propriety; as, well-spoken words.

WELLSPRING
Well"spring` n.

Defn: A fountain; a spring; a source of continual supply.
Understanding is a wellspring of life unto him that hath it; but the
instruction of fools is folly. Prov. xvi. 22.

WELL-WILLER
Well"-will`er, n.

Defn: One who wishes well, or means kindly. [R.] "A well-willer of
yours." Brydges.

WELL-WISH
Well"-wish` n.

Defn: A wish of happiness. "A well-wish for his friends." Addison.

WELLWISHER
Well"wish`er, n.

Defn: One who wishes another well; one who is benevolently or
friendlily inclined.

WELS
Wels, n. Etym: [G.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sheatfish; -- called also waller.

WELSBACH
Wels"bach, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Auer von Welsbach or the incandescent gas
burner invented by him. -- Welsbach burner, a burner in which the
combustion of a mixture of air and gas or vapor is employed to heat
to incandescence a mantle composed of thoria and ceria. The mantle is
made by soaking a "stocking" in a solution of nitrates of thorium and
cerium (approx. 99 : 1), drying, and, for use, igniting to burn the
thread and convert the nitrates into oxides, which remain as a
fragile ash. The light far exceeds that obtained from the same amount
of gas with the ordinary fishtail burner, but has a slight greenish
hue.

WELSH
Welsh, a. Etym: [AS. wælisc, welisc, from wealh a stranger,
foreigner, not of Saxon origin, a Welshman, a Celt, Gael; akin to
OHG. walh, whence G. wälsch or welsch, Celtic, Welsh, Italian,
French, Foreign, strange, OHG. walhisc; from the name of a Celtic
tribe. See Walnut.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Wales, or its inhabitants. [Sometimes
written also Welch.] Welsh flannel, a fine kind of flannel made from
the fleece of the flocks of the Welsh mountains, and largely
manufactured by hand.
 -- Welsh glaive, or Welsh hook, a weapon of war used in former times
by the Welsh, commonly regarded as a kind of poleax. Fairholt. Craig.
 -- Welsh mortgage (O. Eng. Law), a species of mortgage, being a
conveyance of an estate, redeemable at any time on payment of the
principal, with an understanding that the profits in the mean time
shall be received by the mortgagee without account, in satisfaction
of interest. Burrill.
 -- Welsh mutton, a choice and delicate kind of mutton obtained from
a breed of small sheep in Wales.
 -- Welsh onion (Bot.), a kind of onion (Allium fistulosum) having
hollow inflated stalks and leaves, but scarcely any bulb, a native of
Siberia. It is said to have been introduced from Germany, and is
supposed to have derived its name from the German term wälsch
foreign.
 -- Welsh parsley, hemp, or halters made from hemp. [Obs. & Jocular]
J. Fletcher.
 -- Welsh rabbit. See under Rabbit.

WELSH
Welsh, n.

1. The language of Wales, or of the Welsh people.

2. pl.

Defn: The natives or inhabitants of Wales.

Note: The Welsh call themselves Cymry, in the plural, and a Welshman
Cymro, and their country Cymru, of which the adjective is Cymreig,
and the name of their language Cymraeg. They are a branch of the
Celtic family, and a relic of the earliest known population of
England, driven into the mountains of Wales by the Anglo-Saxon
invaders.

WELSHER
Welsh"er, n.

Defn: One who cheats at a horse race; one who bets, without a chance
of being able to pay; one who receives money to back certain horses
and absconds with it. [Written also welcher.] [Slang, Eng.]

WELSHMAN
Welsh"man, n.; pl. Welshmen (.

1. A native or inhabitant of Wales; one of the Welsh.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) A squirrel fish.
(b) The large-mouthed black bass. See Black bass. [Southern U. S.]

WELSOME
Wel"some, a.

Defn: Prosperous; well. [Obs.] Wyclif.
 -- Wel"some*ly, adv. Wyclif.

WELT
Welt, n. Etym: [OE. welte, probably fr. W. gwald a hem, a welt,
gwaldu to welt or to hem.]

1. That which, being sewed or otherwise fastened to an edge or
border, serves to guard, strengthen, or adorn it; as;
(a) A small cord covered with cloth and sewed on a seam or border to
strengthen it; an edge of cloth folded on itself, usually over a
cord, and sewed down.
(b) A hem, border, or fringe. [Obs.]
(c) In shoemaking, a narrow strip of leather around a shoe, between
the upper leather and sole.
(d) In steam boilers and sheet-iron work, a strip riveted upon the
edges of plates that form a butt joint.
(e) In carpentry, a strip of wood fastened over a flush seam or
joint, or an angle, to strengthen it.
(f) In machine-made stockings, a strip, or flap, of which the heel is
formed.

2. (Her.)

Defn: A narrow border, as of an ordinary, but not extending around
the ends. Welt joint, a joint, as of plates, made with a welt,
instead of by overlapping the edges. See Weld, n., 1 (d).

WELT
Welt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Welted; p. pr. & vb. n. Welting.]

Defn: To furnish with a welt; to sew or fasten a welt on; as, to welt
a boot or a shoe; to welt a sleeve.

WELT
Welt, v. t.

Defn: To wilt. [R.]

WELTANSCHAUUNG
Welt"an"schau`ung, n.; pl. Weltanschauungen (#). [G.]

Defn: Lit., world view; a conception of the course of events in, and
of the purpose of, the world as a whole, forming a philosophical view
or apprehension of the universe; the general idea embodied in a
cosmology.

WELTE
Welte, obs.

Defn: imp. of Weld, to wield. Chaucer.

WELTER
Wel"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Weltered; p. pr. & vb. n. Weltering.]
Etym: [Freq. of OE. walten to roll over, AS. wealtan; akin to LG.
weltern, G. walzen to roll, to waltz, sich wälzen to welter, OHG.
walzan to roll, Icel. velta, Dan. vælte, Sw. vältra, välta; cf. Goth.
waltjan; probably akin to E. wallow, well, v. i. Well, v. i., and cf.
Waltz.]

1. To roll, as the body of an animal; to tumble about, especially in
anything foul or defiling; to wallow.
When we welter in pleasures and idleness, then we eat and drink with
drunkards. Latimer.
These wizards welter in wealth's waves. Spenser.
He must not float upon his watery bier Unwept, and welter to the
parching wind, Without the meed of some melodious tear. Milton.
The priests at the altar . . . weltering in their blood. Landor.

2. To rise and fall, as waves; to tumble over, as billows. "The
weltering waves." Milton.
Waves that, hardly weltering, die away. Wordsworth.
Through this blindly weltering sea. Trench.

WELTER
Wel"ter, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Wilt, v. i.]

Defn: To wither; to wilt. [R.]
Weltered hearts and blighted . . . memories. I. Taylor.

WELTER
Wel"ter, a. (Horse Racing)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, the most heavily weighted
race in a meeting; as, a welter race; the welter stakes.

WELTER
Wel"ter, n.

1. That in which any person or thing welters, or wallows; filth;
mire; slough.
The foul welter of our so-called religious or other controversies.
Carlyle.

2. A rising or falling, as of waves; as, the welter of the billows;
the welter of a tempest.

WELTERWEIGHT
Wel"ter*weight`, n.

1. (Horse Racing) A weight of 28 pounds (one of 40 pounds is called a
heavy welterweight) sometimes imposed in addition to weight for age,
chiefly in steeplechases and hurdle races.

2.  A boxer or wrestler whose weight is intermediate between that of
a lightweight and that of a middleweight.

WELTSCHMERTZ
Welt"schmertz`, n. [G., fr. welt world + schmertz pain. See World;
Smart, v. i.]

Defn: Sorrow or sadness over the present or future evils or woes of
the world in general; sentimental pessimism.

WELWITSCHIA
Wel*witsch"i*a, n. Etym: [NL. So named after the discoverer, Dr.
Friedrich Welwitsch.] (Bot.)

Defn: An African plant (Welwitschia mirabilis) belonging to the order
Gnetaceæ. It consists of a short, woody, topshaped stem, and never
more than two leaves, which are the cotyledons enormously developed,
and at length split into diverging segments.

WEM
Wem, n. Etym: [Cf. Womb.]

Defn: The abdomen; the uterus; the womb. [Obs.]

WEM
Wem, n. Etym: [AS. wam, wamm.]

Defn: Spot; blemish; harm; hurt. [Obs.] Wyclif.
Withouten wem of you, through foul and fair. Chaucer.

WEM
Wem, v. t. Etym: [AS. wemman.]

Defn: To stain; to blemish; to harm; to corrupt. [Obs.]

WEMLESS
Wem"less, a.

Defn: Having no wem, or blemish; spotless. [Obs.] "Virgin wemless."
Chaucer.

WEN
Wen, n. Etym: [AS. wenn; akin to D. wen, LG. wenne.] (Med.)

Defn: An indolent, encysted tumor of the skin; especially, a
sebaceous cyst.

WENCH
Wench, n. Etym: [OE. wenche, for older wenchel a child, originally,
weak, tottering; cf. AS. wencle a maid, a daughter, wencel a pupil,
orphan, wincel, winclu, children, offspring, wencel weak, wancol
unstable, OHG. wanchol; perhaps akin to E. wink. See Wink.]

1. A young woman; a girl; a maiden. Shak.
Lord and lady, groom and wench. Chaucer.
That they may send again My most sweet wench, and gifts to boot.
Chapman.
He was received by the daughter of the house, a pretty, buxom, blue-
eyed little wench. W. Black.

2. A low, vicious young woman; a drab; a strumpet.
She shall be called his wench or his leman. Chaucer.
It is not a digression to talk of bawds in a discourse upon wenches.
Spectator.

3. A colored woman; a negress. [U. S.]

WENCH
Wench, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wenched; p. pr. & vb. n. Wenching.]

Defn: To frequent the company of wenches, or women of ill fame.

WENCHER
Wench"er, n.

Defn: One who wenches; a lewd man.

WENCHLESS
Wench"less, a.

Defn: Being without a wench. Shak.

WEND
Wend, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Wene. Chaucer.

WEND
Wend, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wended, Obs. Went; p. pr. & vb. n.
Wending.] Etym: [AS. wendan to turn, to go, caus. of windan to wind;
akin to OS. wendian, OFries. wenda, D. wenden to turn, G. wenden,
Icel. venda, Sw. vända, Dan. vende, Goth. wandjan. See Wind to turn,
and cf. Went.]

1. To go; to pass; to betake one's self. "To Canterbury they wend."
Chaucer.
To Athens shall the lovers wend. Shak.

2. To turn round. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

WEND
Wend, v. t.

Defn: To direct; to betake;- used chiefly in the phrase to wend one's
way. Also used reflexively. "Great voyages to wend." Surrey.

WEND
Wend, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A large extent of ground; a perambulation; a circuit. [Obs.]
Burrill.

WENDE
Wende, obs.

Defn: imp. of Wene. Chaucer.

WENDIC; WENDISH
Wend"ic, Wend"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining the Wends, or their language.

WENDIC
Wend"ic, n.

Defn: The language of the Wends.

WENDS
Wends, n. pl.; sing. Wend. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A Slavic tribe which once occupied the northern and eastern
parts of Germany, of which a small remnant exists.

WENE
Wene, v. i.

Defn: To ween. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WEN-LI
Wên"-li`, n. [Chin. wên li.]

Defn: The higher literary idiom of Chinese, that of the canonical
books and of all composition pretending to literary standing. It
employs a classical or academic diction, and a more condensed and
sententious style than Mandarin, and differs also in the doubling and
arrangement of words.

WENLOCK GROUP
Wen"lock group`, (Geol.)

Defn: The middle subdivision of the Upper Silurian in Great Britain;
-- so named from the typical locality in Shropshire.

WENNEL
Wen"nel, n.

Defn: See Weanel. [Obs.] Tusser.

WENNISH; WENNY
Wen"nish, Wen"ny, a. Etym: [From Wen.]

Defn: Having the nature of a wen; resembling a wen; as, a wennish
excrescence.

WENONA
We*no"na, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sand snake (Charina plumbea) of Western North America, of the
family Erycidæ.

WENT
Went,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Wend; -- now obsolete except as the imperfect
of go, with which it has no etymological connection. See Go.
To the church both be they went. Chaucer.

WENT
Went, n.

Defn: Course; way; path; journey; direction. [Obs.] "At a turning of
a wente." Chaucer.
But here my weary team, nigh overspent, Shall breathe itself awhile
after so long a went. Spenser.
He knew the diverse went of mortal ways. Spenser.

WENTLETRAP
Wen"tle*trap`, n. Etym: [D. wenteltrap a winding staircase; cf. G.
wendeltreppe.] [Obs.]

Defn: Any one of numerous species of elegant, usually white, marine
shells of the genus Scalaria, especially Scalaria pretiosa, which was
formerly highly valued; -- called also staircase shell. See Scalaria.

WEP
Wep, obs.

Defn: imp. of Weep.

WEPEN
Wep"en, n.

Defn: Weapon. [Obs.]

WEPT
Wept,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Weep.

WERCHE
Werche, v. t. & i.

Defn: To work. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WERE
Were, v. t. & i.

Defn: To wear. See 3d Wear. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WERE
Were, n.

Defn: A weir. See Weir. [Obs.] Chaucer. Sir P. Sidney.

WERE
Were, v. t. Etym: [AS. werian.]

Defn: To guard; to protect. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WERE
Were. Etym: [AS. wre (thou) wast, w (we, you, they) were, w imp.
subj. See Was.]

Defn: The imperfect indicative plural, and imperfect subjunctive
singular and plural, of the verb be. See Be.

WERE
Were, n. Etym: [AS. wer; akin to OS. & OHG. wer, Goth. waír, L. vir,
Skr. vira. Cf. Weregild, and Werewolf.]

1. A man. [Obs.]

2. A fine for slaying a man; the money value set upon a man's life;
weregild. [Obs.]
Every man was valued at a certain sum, which was called his were.
Bosworth.

WEREGILD
Were"gild`, n. Etym: [AS. wergild; wer a man, value set on a man's
life + gild payment of money; akin to G. wehrgeld. Were a man, and
Geld, n.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: The price of a man's head; a compensation paid of a man killed,
partly to the king for the loss of a subject, partly to the lord of a
vassal, and partly to the next of kin. It was paid by the murderer.
[Written also weregeld, weregelt, etc.] Blackstone.

WEREWOLF
Were"wolf`, n.; pl. Werewolves. Etym: [AS. werwulf; wer a man + wulf
a wolf; cf. G. wärwolf, währwolf, wehrwolf, a werewolf, MHG. werwolf.
Were a man, and Wolf, and cf. Virile, World.]

Defn: A person transformed into a wolf in form and appetite, either
temporarily or permanently, whether by supernatural influences, by
witchcraft, or voluntarily; a lycanthrope. Belief in werewolves,
formerly general, is not now extinct.
The werwolf went about his prey. William of Palerne.
The brutes that wear our form and face, The werewolves of the human
race. Longfellow.

WERK; WERKE
Werk, n., Werke, v.

Defn: See Work. [Obs.]

WERN
Wern, v. t. Etym: [See 1st Warn.]

Defn: To refuse. [Obs.]
He is too great a niggard that will wern A man to light a candle at
his lantern. Chaucer.

WERNERIAN
Wer*ne"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to A. G. Werner, The German mineralogist and
geologist, who classified minerals according to their external
characters, and advocated the theory that the strata of the earth's
crust were formed by depositions from water; designating, or
according to, Werner's system.

WERNERITE
Wer"ner*ite, n. Etym: [See Wernerian.] (Min.)

Defn: The common grayish or white variety of soapolite.

WEROOLE
We*roo"le, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Australian lorikeet (Ptilosclera versicolor) noted for the
variety of its colors; -- called also varied lorikeet.

WERRE
Werre, n.

Defn: War. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WERREY
Wer"rey, v. t.

Defn: To warray. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WERST
Werst, n.

Defn: See Verst.

WERT
Wert

Defn: , The second person singular, indicative and subjunctive moods,
imperfect tense, of the verb be. It is formed from were, with the
ending -t, after the analogy of wast. Now used only in solemn or
poetic style.

WERT
Wert, n.

Defn: A wart. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WERYANGLE
Wer`y*an"gle, n.

Defn: See Wariangle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WESAND
We"sand, n.

Defn: See Weasand. [Obs.]

WESH
Wesh, obs. imp. of Wash.

Defn: Washed. Chaucer.

WESIL
We"sil n.

Defn: See Weasand. [Obs.]

WESLEYAN
Wes"ley*an, a. Etym: [See Wesleyanism.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Wesley or Wesleyanism.

WESLEYAN
Wes"ley*an, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: One who adopts the principles of Wesleyanism; a Methodist.

WESLEYANISM
Wes"ley*an*ism, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: The system of doctrines and church polity inculcated by John
Wesley (b. 1703; d. 1791), the founder of the religious sect called
Methodist; Methodism. See Methodist, n., 2.

WEST
West, n. Etym: [AS. west, adv.; akin to D. west, G. west, westen,
OHG. westan, Icel. vestr, Sw. vest, vester, vestan, Dan. vest,
vesten, and perhaps to L. vesper evening, Gr. Vesper, Visigoth.]

1. The point in the heavens where the sun is seen to set at the
equinox; or, the corresponding point on the earth; that one of the
four cardinal points of the compass which is in a direction at right
angles to that of north and south, and on the left hand of a person
facing north; the point directly opposite to east.
And fresh from the west is the free wind's breath. Bryant.

2. A country, or region of country, which, with regard to some other
country or region, is situated in the direction toward the west.

3. Specifically:
(a) The Westen hemisphere, or the New World so called, it having been
discovered by sailing westward from Europe; the Occident.
(b) (U. S. Hist. & Geog.) Formerly, that part of the United States
west of the Alleghany mountains; now, commonly, the whole region west
of the Mississippi river; esp., that part which is north of the
Indian Territory, New Mexico, etc. Usually with the definite article.
West by north, West by south, according to the notation of the
mariner's compass, that point which lies 11 -- West northwest, West
southwest, that point which lies 22Illust. of Compass.

WEST
West, a.

Defn: Lying toward the west; situated at the west, or in a western
direction from the point of observation or reckoning; proceeding
toward the west, or coming from the west; as, a west course is one
toward the west; an east and west line; a west wind blows from the
west.
This shall be your west border. Num. xxxiv. 6.
West end, the fashionable part of London, commencing from the east,
at Charing Cross.

WEST
West, adv. Etym: [AS. west.]

Defn: Westward.

WEST
West, v. i.

1. To pass to the west; to set, as the sun. [Obs.] "The hot sun gan
to west." Chaucer.

2. To turn or move toward the west; to veer from the north or south
toward the west.

WESTERING
West"er*ing, a.

Defn: Passing to the west.
Toward heaven's descent had sloped his westering wheel. Milton.

WESTERLY
West"er*ly, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the west; toward the west; coming from the
west; western.

WESTERLY
West"er*ly, adv.

Defn: Toward the west; westward.

WESTERN
West"ern, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the west; situated in the west, or in the
region nearly in the direction of west; being in that quarter where
the sun sets; as, the western shore of France; the western ocean.
Far o'er the glowing western main. Keble.

2. Moving toward the west; as, a ship makes a western course; coming
from the west; as, a western breeze. Western Church. See Latin
Church, under Latin.
 -- Western empire (Hist.), the western portion of the Roman empire,
as divided, by the will of Theodosius the Great, between his sons
Honorius and Arcadius, a. d. 395.

WESTERNER
West"ern*er, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of the west.

WESTERNMOST
West"ern*most`, a.

Defn: Situated the farthest towards the west; most western.

WEST INDIA; WEST INDIAN
West` In"di*a, West` In"di*an.

Defn: Belonging or relating to the West Indies. West India tea
(Bot.), a shrubby plant (Capraria biflora) having oblanceolate
toothed leaves which are sometimes used in the West Indies as a
substitute for tea.

WEST INDIAN
West` In"di*an.

Defn: A native of, or a dweller in, the West Indies.

WESTING
West"ing, n. (Naut. & Surv.)

Defn: The distance, reckoned toward the west, between the two
meridians passing through the extremities of a course, or portion of
a ship's path; the departure of a course which lies to the west of
north.

WESTLING
West"ling, n.

Defn: A westerner. [R.]

WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY
West"min`ster As*sem"bly.

Defn: See under Assembly.

WESTMOST
West"most`, a.

Defn: Lying farthest to the west; westernmost.

WESTWARD; WESTWARDS
West"ward, West"wards, adv. Etym: [AS. westweard. See West, and -
ward. ]

Defn: Toward the west; as, to ride or sail westward.
Westward the course of empire takes its way. Berkeley.

WESTWARD
West"ward, a.

Defn: Lying toward the west.
Yond same star that's westward from the pole. Shak.

WESTWARD
West"ward, n.

Defn: The western region or countries; the west.

WESTWARDLY
West"ward*ly, adv.

Defn: In a westward direction.

WESTY
West"y, a.

Defn: Dizzy; giddy. [Prov. Eng.]

WET
Wet, a. [Compar. Wetter; superl. Wettest.] Etym: [OE. wet, weet, AS.
wt; akin to OFries. wt, Icel. vatr, Sw. våt, Dan. vaad, and E. water.
Water.]

1. Containing, or consisting of, water or other liquid; moist; soaked
with a liquid; having water or other liquid upon the surface; as, wet
land; a wet cloth; a wet table. "Wet cheeks." Shak.

2. Very damp; rainy; as, wet weather; a wet season. "Wet October's
torrent flood." Milton.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: Employing, or done by means of, water or some other liquid; as,
the wet extraction of copper, in distinction from dry extraction in
which dry heat or fusion is employed.

4. Refreshed with liquor; drunk. [Slang] Prior. Wet blanket, Wet
dock, etc. See under Blanket, Dock, etc.
 -- Wet goods, intoxicating liquors. [Slang]

Syn.
 -- Nasty; humid; damp; moist. See Nasty.

WET
Wet, n. Etym: [AS. wæta. See Wet, a.]

1. Water or wetness; moisture or humidity in considerable degree.
Have here a cloth and wipe away the wet. Chaucer.
Now the sun, with more effectual beams, Had cheered the face of
earth, and dried the wet From drooping plant. Milton.

2. Rainy weather; foggy or misty weather.

3. A dram; a drink. [Slang]

WET
Wet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wet (rarely Wetted); p. pr. & vb. n.
Wetting.] Etym: [AS. wætan.]

Defn: To fill or moisten with water or other liquid; to sprinkle; to
cause to have water or other fluid adherent to the surface; to dip or
soak in a liquid; as, to wet a sponge; to wet the hands; to wet
cloth. "[The scene] did draw tears from me and wetted my paper."
Burke.
Ye mists and exhalations, that now rise . . . Whether to deck with
clouds the uncolored sky, Or wet the thirsty earth with falling
showers. Milton.
To wet one's whistle, to moisten one's throat; to drink a dram of
liquor. [Colloq.]
Let us drink the other cup to wet our whistles. Walton.

WETBIRD
Wet"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chaffinch, whose cry is thought to foretell rain. [Prov.
Eng.]

WET-BULB THERMOMETER
Wet-bulb thermometer. (Physics)

Defn: That one of the two similar thermometers of a psychrometer the
bulb of which is moistened; also, the entire instrument.

WETHER
Weth"er, n. Etym: [OE. wether, AS. we; akin to OS. wethar, withar, a
ram, D. weder, G. widder, OHG. widar, Icel. ver, Sw. vädur, Dan.
vædder, Goth. wiprus a lamb, L. vitulus calf, Skr. vatsa, L. vetus
old, Gr. Veal, Veteran.]

Defn: A castrated ram.

WETNESS
Wet"ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being wet; moisture; humidity; as, the
wetness of land; the wetness of a cloth.

2. A watery or moist state of the atmosphere; a state of being rainy,
foggy, or misty; as, the wetness of weather or the season.

Note: Wetness generally implies more water or liquid than is implied
by humidness or moisture.

WET NURSE
Wet" nurse`.

Defn: A nurse who suckles a child, especially the child of another
woman. Cf. Dry nurse.

WET PLATE
Wet plate. (Photog.)

Defn: A plate the film of which retains its sensitiveness only while
wet. The film used in such plates is of collodion impregnated with
bromides and iodides. Before exposure the plate is immersed in a
solution of silver nitrate, and immediately after exposure it is
developed and fixed.

WET-SHOD
Wet"-shod`, a.

Defn: Having the feet, or the shoes on the feet, wet.

WETTISH
Wet"tish, a.

Defn: Somewhat wet; moist; humid.

WEVIL
We"vil, n.

Defn: See Weevil.

WEX
Wex, v. t. & i.

Defn: To grow; to wax. [Obs.] Chaucer. "Each wexing moon." Dryden.

WEX
Wex, obs. imp. of Wex.

Defn: Waxed. Chaucer.

WEX
Wex, n.

Defn: Wax. [Obs.] "Yelwe as wex." Chaucer.

WEY
Wey, n.

Defn: Way; road; path. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WEY
Wey, v. t. & i.

Defn: To weigh. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WEY
Wey, n. Etym: [OE. weye, AS. w weight. Weight.]

Defn: A certain measure of weight. [Eng.] "A weye of Essex cheese."
Piers Plowman.

Note: A wey is 6 Simmonds.

WEYLE
Weyle, v. t. & i.

Defn: To wail. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WEYLEWAY
Wey"le*way, interj.

Defn: See Welaway. [Obs.]

WEYVE
Weyve, v. t.

Defn: To waive. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WEZAND
We"zand, n.

Defn: See Weasand. [Obs.]

WHAAP
Whaap, n. Etym: [So called from one of its notes.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The European curlew; -- called also awp, whaup, great whaup, and
stock whaup.
(b) The whimbrel; -- called also May whaup, little whaup, and tang
whaup. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

WHACK
Whack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whacked; p. pr. & vb. n. Whacking.] Etym:
[Cf. Thwack.]

Defn: To strike; to beat; to give a heavy or resounding blow to; to
thrash; to make with whacks. [Colloq.]
Rodsmen were whackingtheir way through willow brakes. G. W. Cable.

WHACK
Whack, v. i.

Defn: To strike anything with a smart blow. To whack away, to
continue striking heavy blows; as, to whack away at a log. [Colloq.]

WHACK
Whack, n.

Defn: A smart resounding blow. [Colloq.]

WHACKER
Whack"er, n.

1. One who whacks. [Colloq.]

2. Anything very large; specif., a great lie; a whapper. [Colloq.]
Halliwell.

WHACKING
Whack"ing, a.

Defn: Very large; whapping. [Colloq.]

WHAHOO
Wha*hoo", n. (Bot.)

Defn: An American tree, the winged elm. (Ulmus alata).

WHALA
Whala, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whaled; p. pr. & vb. n. Whaling.] Etym:
[Cf. Wale. ]

Defn: To lash with stripes; to wale; to thrash; to drub. [Prov. Eng.
& Colloq. U. S.] Halliwell. Bartlett.

WHALE
Whale, n. Etym: [OE. whal, AS. hwæl; akin to D. walvisch, G. wal,
walfisch, OHG. wal, Icel. hvalr, Dan. & Sw. hval, hvalfisk. Cf.
Narwhal, Walrus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any aquatic mammal of the order Cetacea, especially any one of
the large species, some of which become nearly one hundred feet long.
Whales are hunted chiefly for their oil and baleen, or whalebone.

Note: The existing whales are divided into two groups: the toothed
whales (Odontocete), including those that have teeth, as the
cachalot, or sperm whale (see Sperm whale); and the baleen, or
whalebone, whales (Mysticete), comprising those that are destitute of
teeth, but have plates of baleen hanging from the upper jaw, as the
right whales. The most important species of whalebone whales are the
bowhead, or Greenland, whale (see Illust. of Right whale), the Biscay
whale, the Antarctic whale, the gray whale (see under Gray), the
humpback, the finback, and the rorqual. Whale bird. (Zoöl.) (a) Any
one of several species of large Antarctic petrels which follow
whaling vessels, to feed on the blubber and floating oil; especially,
Prion turtur (called also blue petrel), and Pseudoprion desolatus.
(b) The turnstone; -- so called because it lives on the carcasses of
whales. [Canada] -- Whale fin (Com.), whalebone. Simmonds.
 -- Whale fishery, the fishing for, or occupation of taking, whales.
 -- Whale louse (Zoöl.), any one of several species of degraded
amphipod crustaceans belonging to the genus Cyamus, especially C.
ceti. They are parasitic on various cetaceans.
 -- Whale's bone, ivory. [Obs.] -- Whale shark. (Zoöl.) (a) The
basking, or liver, shark. (b) A very large harmless shark (Rhinodon
typicus) native of the Indian Ocean. It sometimes becomes sixty feet
long.
 -- Whale shot, the name formerly given to spermaceti.
 -- Whale's tongue (Zoöl.), a balanoglossus.

WHALEBACK
Whale"back`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A form of vessel, often with steam power, having sharp ends and
a very convex upper deck, much used on the Great Lakes, esp. for
carrying grain.

WHALEBOAT
Whale"boat`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A long, narrow boat, sharp at both ends, used by whalemen.

WHALEBONE
Whale"bone`, n.

Defn: A firm, elastic substance resembling horn, taken from the upper
jaw of the right whale; baleen. It is used as a stiffening in stays,
fans, screens, and for various other purposes. See Baleen.

Note: Whalebone is chiefly obtained from the bowhead, or Greenland,
whale, the Biscay whale, and the Antarctic, or southern, whale. It is
prepared for manufacture by being softened by boiling, and dyed
black.

WHALEMAN
Whale"man, n.; pl. Whalemen (.

Defn: A man employed in the whale fishery.

WHALER
Whal"er, n.

Defn: A vessel or person employed in the whale fishery.

WHALER
Whal"er, n.

Defn: One who whales, or beats; a big, strong fellow; hence, anything
of great or unusual size. [Colloq. U. S.]

WHALING
Whal"ing, n.

Defn: The hunting of whales.

WHALING
Whal"ing, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or employed in, the pursuit of whales; as, a
whaling voyage; a whaling vessel.

WHALL
Whall, n. Etym: [See Wall-eye.]

Defn: A light color of the iris in horses; wall-eye. [Written also
whaul.]

WHALLY
Whall"y, a.

Defn: Having the iris of light color; -- said of horses. "Whally
eyes." Spenser.

WHAME
Whame, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A breeze fly.

WHAMMEL
Wham"mel, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Whelm.]

Defn: To turn over. [Prov. Eng.]

WHAN
Whan, adv.

Defn: When. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WHANG
Whang, n. Etym: [Cf. Thong.]

Defn: A leather thong. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]

WHANG
Whang, v. t.

Defn: To beat. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]

WHANGDOODLE
Whang"doo`dle, n.

Defn: An imaginary creature, of undefined character. [Slang]

WHANGHEE
Whang*hee", n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Wanghee.

WHAP; WHOP
Whap, Whop, v. i. Etym: [Cf. OE. quappen to palpitate, E. quob,
quaver, wabble, awhape, wap.]

Defn: To throw one's self quickly, or by an abrupt motion; to turn
suddenly; as, she whapped down on the floor; the fish whapped over.
Bartlett.

Note: This word is used adverbially in the north of England, as in
the United States, when anything vanishes, or is gone suddenly; as,
whap went the cigar out of my mouth.

WHAP; WHOP
Whap, Whop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Whapping.]

Defn: To beat or strike.

WHAP; WHOP
Whap, Whop, n.

Defn: A blow, or quick, smart stroke.

WHAPPER; WHOPPER
Whap"per, Whop"per, n. Etym: [See Whap.]

Defn: Something uncommonly large of the kind; something astonishing;
-- applied especially to a bold lie. [Colloq.]

WHAPPING; WHOPPING
Whap"ping, Whop"ping, a.

Defn: Very large; monstrous; astonishing; as, a whapping story.
[Colloq.]

WHARF
Wharf, n.; pl. Wharfs or Wharves. Etym: [AS. hwerf, hwearf, a
returning, a change, from hweorfan to turn, turn about, go about;
akin to D. werf a wharf, G. werft, Sw. varf a shipbuilder's yard,
Dan. verft wharf, dockyard, G. werben to enlist, to engage, woo, OHG.
werban to turn about, go about, be active or occupied, Icel. hverfa
to turn, Goth. hwaírban, hwarbon, to walk. Cf. Whirl.]

1. A structure or platform of timber, masonry, iron, earth, or other
material, built on the shore of a harbor, river, canal, or the like,
and usually extending from the shore to deep water, so that vessels
may lie close alongside to receive and discharge cargo, passengers,
etc.; a quay; a pier.
Commerce pushes its wharves into the sea. Bancroft.
Out upon the wharfs they came, Knight and burgher, lord and dame.
Tennyson.

Note: The plural of this word is generally written wharves in the
United States, and wharfs in England; but many recent English writers
use wharves.

2. Etym: [AS. hwearf.]

Defn: The bank of a river, or the shore of the sea. [Obs.] "The fat
weed that roots itself in ease on Lethe wharf." Shak. Wharf boat, a
kind of boat moored at the bank of a river, and used for a wharf, in
places where the height of the water is so variable that a fixed
wharf would be useless. [U. S.] Bartlett.
 -- Wharf rat. (Zoöl.) (a) The common brown rat. (b) A neglected boy
who lives around the wharfs. [Slang]

WHARF
Wharf, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wharfed; p. pr. & vb. n. Wharfing.]

1. To guard or secure by a firm wall of timber or stone constructed
like a wharf; to furnish with a wharf or wharfs.

2. To place upon a wharf; to bring to a wharf.

WHARFAGE
Wharf"age, n.

1. The fee or duty paid for the privilege of using a wharf for
loading or unloading goods; pierage, collectively; quayage.

2. A wharf or wharfs, collectively; wharfing.

WHARFING
Wharf"ing, n.

1. Wharfs, collectively.

2. (Hydraul. Engin.)

Defn: A mode of facing sea walls and embankments with planks driven
as piles and secured by ties. Knight.

WHARFINGER
Wharf"in*ger, n. Etym: [For wharfager.]

Defn: A man who owns, or has the care of, a wharf.

WHARL; WHARLING
Wharl, Wharl"ing, n.

Defn: A guttural pronunciation of the letter r; a burr. See Burr, n.,
6.
A strange, uncouth wharling in their speech. Fuller.

WHARP
Wharp, n.

Defn: A kind of fine sand from the banks of the Trent, used as a
polishing powder. [Eng.]

WHAT
What, pron., a., & adv. Etym: [AS. hwæt, neuter of hwa who; akin to
OS. hwat what, OFries. hwet, D. & LG. wat, G. was, OHG. waz, hwaz,
Icel. hvat, Sw. & Dan. hvad, Goth. hwa. sq. root182. See Who.]

1. As an interrogative pronoun, used in asking questions regarding
either persons or things; as, what is this what did you say what poem
is this what child is lost
What see'st thou in the ground Shak.
What is man, that thou art mindful of him Ps. viii. 4.
What manner of man is this, that even the winds and the sea obey him!
Matt. viii. 27.

Note: Originally, what, when, where, which, who, why, etc., were
interrogatives only, and it is often difficult to determine whether
they are used as interrogatives or relatives. What in this sense,
when it refers to things, may be used either substantively or
adjectively; when it refers to persons, it is used only adjectively
with a noun expressed, who being the pronoun used substantively.

2. As an exclamatory word: -- (a) Used absolutely or independently; -
- often with a question following. "What welcome be thou." Chaucer.
What, could ye not watch with me one hour Matt. xxvi. 40.

(b) Used adjectively, meaning how remarkable, or how great; as, what
folly! what eloquence! what courage!
What a piece of work is man! Shak.
O what a riddle of absurdity! Young.

Note: What in this use has a or an between itself and its noun if the
qualitative or quantitative importance of the object is emphasized.
(c) Sometimes prefixed to adjectives in an adverbial sense, as nearly
equivalent to how; as, what happy boys!
What partial judges are our and hate! Dryden.

3. As a relative pronoun: --
(a) Used substantively with the antecedent suppressed, equivalent to
that which, or those [persons] who, or those [things] which; --
called a compound relative.
With joy beyond what victory bestows. Cowper.
I'm thinking Captain Lawton will count the noses of what are left
before they see their whaleboats. Cooper.
What followed was in perfect harmony with this beginning. Macaulay.
I know well . . . how little you will be disposed to criticise what
comes to you from me. J. H. Newman.

(b) Used adjectively, equivalent to the . . . which; the sort or kind
of . . . which; rarely, the . . . on, or at, which.
See what natures accompany what colors. Bacon.
To restrain what power either the devil or any earthly enemy hath to
work us woe. Milton.
We know what master laid thy keel, What workmen wrought thy ribs of
steel. Longfellow.

(c) Used adverbially in a sense corresponding to the adjectival use;
as, he picked what good fruit he saw.

4. Whatever; whatsoever; what thing soever; -- used indefinitely.
"What after so befall." Chaucer.
Whether it were the shortness of his foresight, the strength of his
will, . . . or what it was. Bacon.

5. Used adverbially, in part; partly; somewhat; -- with a following
preposition, especially, with, and commonly with repetition.
What for lust [pleasure] and what for lore. Chaucer.
Thus, what with the war, what with the sweat, what with the gallows,
and what with poverty, I am custom shrunk. Shak.
The year before he had so used the matter that what by force, what by
policy, he had taken from the Christians above thirty small castles.
Knolles.

Note: In such phrases as I tell you what, what anticipates the
following statement, being elliptical for what I think, what it is,
how it is, etc. "I tell thee what, corporal Bardolph, I could tear
her." Shak. Here what relates to the last clause, "I could tear her;"
this is what I tell you. What not is often used at the close of an
enumeration of several particulars or articles, it being an
abbreviated clause, the verb of which, being either the same as that
of the principal clause or a general word, as be, say, mention,
enumerate, etc., is omitted. "Men hunt, hawk, and what not." Becon.
"Some dead puppy, or log, orwhat not." C. Kingsley. "Battles,
tournaments, hunts, and what not." De Quincey. Hence, the words are
often used in a general sense with the force of a substantive,
equivalent to anything you please, a miscellany, a variety, etc. From
this arises the name whatnot, applied to an étagère, as being a piece
of furniture intended for receiving miscellaneous articles of use or
ornament. But what is used for but that, usually after a negative,
and excludes everything contrary to the assertion in the following
sentence. "Her needle is not so absolutely perfect in tent and cross
stitch but what my superintendence is advisable." Sir W. Scott.
"Never fear but what our kite shall fly as high." Ld. Lytton. What
ho! an exclamation of calling.
 -- What if, what will it matter if; what will happen or be the
result if. "What if it be a poison" Shak.
 -- What of this that it etc., what follows from this, that, it,
etc., often with the implication that it is of no consequence. "All
this is so; but what of this, my lord" Shak. "The night is spent,
why, what of that" Shak.
 -- What though, even granting that; allowing that; supposing it true
that. "What though the rose have prickles, yet't is plucked." Shak.
 -- What time, or What time as, when. [Obs. or Archaic] "What time I
am afraid, I will trust in thee." Ps. lvi. 3.
What time the morn mysterious visions brings. Pope.

WHAT
What, n.

Defn: Something; thing; stuff. [Obs.]
And gave him for to feed, Such homely what as serves the simple
Spenser.

WHAT
What, interrog. adv.

Defn: Why For what purpose On what account [Obs.]
What should I tell the answer of the knight. Chaucer.
But what do I stand reckoning upon advantages and gains lost by the
misrule and turbulency of the prelates What do I pick up so thriftily
their scatterings and diminishings of the meaner subject Milton.

WHATE'ER
What*e'er", pron.

Defn: A contraction of what-ever; -- used in poetry. "Whate'er is in
his way." Shak.

WHATEVER
What*ev"er, pron.

Defn: Anything soever which; the thing or things of any kind; being
this or that; of one nature or another; one thing or another;
anything that may be; all that; the whole that; all particulars that;
-- used both substantively and adjectively.
Whatever fortune stays from his word. Shak.
Whatever Earth, all-bearing mother, yields. Milton.
Whatever be its intrinsic value. J. H. Newman.

Note: Whatever often follows a noun, being used elliptically. "There
being no room for any physical discovery whatever" [sc. it may be].
Whately.

WHATNOT
What"not, n. Etym: [See the Note under What, pron., 5.]

Defn: A kind of stand, or piece of furniture, having shelves for
books, ornaments, etc.; an étagère.

WHATSO
What"so, indef. pron.

Defn: Whatsoever; whosoever; whatever; anything that. [Obs.]
Whatso he were, of high or low estate. Chaucer.
Whatso the heaven in his wide vault contains. Spenser.

WHATSOE'ER
What`so*e'er", pron.

Defn: A contraction of whatsoever; -- used in poetry. Shak.

WHATSOEVER
What`so*ev"er, pron. & a.

Defn: Whatever. "In whatsoever shape he lurk." Milton.
Whatsoever God hath said unto thee, do. Gen. xxxi. 16.

Note: The word is sometimes divided by tmesis. "What things soever ye
desire." Mark xi. 24.

WHAUL
Whaul, n.

Defn: Same as Whall.

WHAUP
Whaup, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Whaap. [Prov. Eng.]

WHEAL
Wheal, n. Etym: [OE. whele, AS. hwele putrefaction, hwelian to
putrefy.]

Defn: A pustule; a whelk. Wiseman.

WHEAL
Wheal, n. Etym: [Cf. Wale.]

1. A more or less elongated mark raised by a stroke; also, a similar
mark made by any cause; a weal; a wale.

2. Specifically (Med.), a flat, burning or itching eminence on the
skin, such as is produced by a mosquito bite, or in urticaria.

WHEAL
Wheal, n. Etym: [Cornish hwel.] (Mining)

Defn: A mine.

WHEALWORM
Wheal"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The harvest mite; -- so called from the wheals, caused by its
bite.

WHEAT
Wheat, n. Etym: [OE. whete, AS. hwte; akin to OS. hwti, D. weit, G.
weizen, OHG. weizzi, Icel. hveiti, Sw. hvete, Dan. hvede, Goth.
hwaiteis, and E. while. See White.] (Bot.)

Defn: A cereal grass (Triticum vulgare) and its grain, which
furnishes a white flour for bread, and, next to rice, is the grain
most largely used by the human race.

Note: Of this grain the varieties are numerous, as red wheat, white
wheat, bald wheat, bearded wheat, winter wheat, summer wheat, and the
like. Wheat is not known to exist as a wild native plant, and all
statements as to its origin are either incorrect or at best only
guesses. Buck wheat. (Bot.) See Buckwheat.
 -- German wheat. (Bot.) See 2d Spelt.
 -- Guinea wheat (Bot.), a name for Indian corn.
 -- Indian wheat, or Tartary wheat (Bot.), a grain (Fagopyrum
Tartaricum) much like buckwheat, but only half as large.
 -- Turkey wheat (Bot.), a name for Indian corn.
 -- Wheat aphid, or Wheat aphis (Zoöl.), any one of several species
of Aphis and allied genera, which suck the sap of growing wheat.
 -- Wheat beetle. (Zoöl.) (a) A small, slender, rusty brown beetle
(Sylvanus Surinamensis) whose larvæ feed upon wheat, rice, and other
grains. (b) A very small, reddish brown, oval beetle (Anobium
paniceum) whose larvæ eat the interior of grains of wheat.
 -- Wheat duck (Zoöl.), the American widgeon. [Western U. S.] --
Wheat fly. (Zoöl.) Same as Wheat midge, below.
 -- Wheat grass (Bot.), a kind of grass (Agropyrum caninum) somewhat
resembling wheat. It grows in the northern parts of Europe and
America.
 -- Wheat jointworm. (Zoöl.) See Jointworm.
 -- Wheat louse (Zoöl.), any wheat aphid.
 -- Wheat maggot (Zoöl.), the larva of a wheat midge.
 -- Wheat midge. (Zoöl.) (a) A small two-winged fly (Diplosis
tritici) which is very destructive to growing wheat, both in Europe
and America. The female lays her eggs in the flowers of wheat, and
the larvæ suck the juice of the young kernels and when full grown
change to pupæ in the earth. (b) The Hessian fly. See under Hessian.
 -- Wheat moth (Zoöl.), any moth whose larvæ devour the grains of
wheat, chiefly after it is harvested; a grain moth. See Angoumois
Moth, also Grain moth, under Grain.
 -- Wheat thief (Bot.), gromwell; -- so called because it is a
troublesome weed in wheat fields. See Gromwell.
 -- Wheat thrips (Zoöl.), a small brown thrips (Thrips cerealium)
which is very injurious to the grains of growing wheat.
 -- Wheat weevil. (Zoöl.) (a) The grain weevil. (b) The rice weevil
when found in wheat.

WHEATBIRD
Wheat"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird that feeds on wheat, especially the chaffinch.

WHEATEAR
Wheat"ear`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European singing bird (Saxicola oenanthe). The male is
white beneath, bluish gray above, with black wings and a black stripe
through each eye. The tail is black at the tip and in the middle, but
white at the base and on each side. Called also checkbird, chickell,
dykehopper, fallow chat, fallow finch, stonechat, and whitetail.

WHEATEN
Wheat"en, a. Etym: [AS. hwæten.]

Defn: Made of wheat; as, wheaten bread. Cowper.

WHEAT RUST
Wheat rust.

Defn: A disease of wheat and other grasses caused by the rust fungus
Puccinia graminis; also, the fungus itself.

WHEAT SAWFLY
Wheat sawfly.
 (a) A small European sawfly (Cephus pygmæus) whose larva does great
injury to wheat by boring in the stalks.
 (b) Any of several small American sawflies of the genus Dolerus, as
D. sericeus and D. arvensis, whose larvæ injure the stems or heads of
wheat.
 (c) Pachynematus extensicornis, whose larvæ feed chiefly on the
blades of wheat; -- called also grass sawfly.

WHEATSEL BIRD
Wheat"sel bird`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male of the chaffinch. [Prov. Eng.]

WHEATSTONE'S BRIDGE
Wheat"stone's bridge`. (Elec.)

Defn: See under Bridge.

WHEATSTONE'S RODS
Wheat"stone's rods. (Acoustics)

Defn: Flexible rods the period of vibration of which in two planes at
right angles are in some exact ratio to one another. When one end of
such a rod is fixed, the free end describes in vibrating the
corresponding Lissajous figure. So called because devised by Sir
Charles Wheatstone.

WHEATWORM
Wheat"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small nematode worm (Anguillula tritici) which attacks the
grains of wheat in the ear. It is found in wheat affected with smut,
each of the diseased grains containing a large number of the minute
young of the worm.

WHEDER
Whed"er pron. & conj.

Defn: Whether. [Obs.]

WHEEDLE
Whee"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wheedled; p. pr. & vb. n. Wheedling.]
Etym: [Cf. G. wedeln to wag with the tail, as a dog, wedel a fan,
tail, brush, OHG. wadal; akin to G. wehen to blow, and E. wind, n.]

1. To entice by soft words; to cajole; to flatter; to coax.
The unlucky art of wheedling fools. Dryden.
And wheedle a world that loves him not. Tennyson.

2. To grain, or get away, by flattery.
A deed of settlement of the best part of her estate, which I wheedled
out of her. Congreve.

WHEEDLE
Whee"dle, v. i.

Defn: To flatter; to coax; to cajole.

WHEEL
Wheel, n. Etym: [OE. wheel, hweol, AS. hweól, hweogul, hweowol; akin
to D. wiel, Icel. hvel, Gr. cakra; cf. Icel. hjol, Dan. hiul, Sw.
hjul. *218 Cf. Cycle, Cyclopedia.]

1. A circular frame turning about an axis; a rotating disk, whether
solid, or a frame composed of an outer rim, spokes or radii, and a
central hub or nave, in which is inserted the axle, -- used for
supporting and conveying vehicles, in machinery, and for various
purposes; as, the wheel of a wagon, of a locomotive, of a mill, of a
watch, etc.
The gasping charioteer beneath the wheel Of his own car. Dryden.

2. Any instrument having the form of, or chiefly consisting of, a
wheel. Specifically: --
(a) A spinning wheel. See under Spinning.
(b) An instrument of torture formerly used.
His examination is like that which is made by the rack and wheel.
Addison.

Note: This mode of torture is said to have been first employed in
Germany, in the fourteenth century. The criminal was laid on a cart
wheel with his legs and arms extended, and his limbs in that posture
were fractured with an iron bar. In France, where its use was
restricted to the most atrocious crimes, the criminal was first laid
on a frame of wood in the form of a St. Andrew's cross, with grooves
cut transversely in it above and below the knees and elbows, and the
executioner struck eight blows with an iron bar, so as to break the
limbs in those places, sometimes finishing by two or three blows on
the chest or stomach, which usually put an end to the life of the
criminal, and were hence called coups-de-grace -- blows of mercy. The
criminal was then unbound, and laid on a small wheel, with his face
upward, and his arms and legs doubled under him, there to expire, if
he had survived the previous treatment. Brande.
(c) (Naut.) A circular frame having handles on the periphery, and an
axle which is so connected with the tiller as to form a means of
controlling the rudder for the purpose of steering.
(d) (Pottery) A potter's wheel. See under Potter.
Then I went down to the potter's house, and, behold, he wrought a
work on the wheels. Jer. xviii. 3.
Turn, turn, my wheel! This earthen jar A touch can make, a touch can
mar. Longfellow.
(e) (Pyrotechny)

Defn: A firework which, while burning, is caused to revolve on an
axis by the reaction of the escaping gases.
(f) (Poetry) The burden or refrain of a song.

Note: "This meaning has a low degree of authority, but is supposed
from the context in the few cases where the word is found." Nares.
You must sing a-down a-down, An you call him a-down-a. O, how the
wheel becomes it! Shak.

3. A bicycle or a tricycle; a velocipede.

4. A rolling or revolving body; anything of a circular form; a disk;
an orb. Milton.

5. A turn revolution; rotation; compass.
According to the common vicissitude and wheel of things, the proud
and the insolent, after long trampling upon others, come at length to
be trampled upon themselves. South.
[He] throws his steep flight in many an aëry wheel. Milton.
A wheel within a wheel, or Wheels within wheels, a complication of
circumstances, motives, etc.
 -- Balance wheel. See in the Vocab.
 -- Bevel wheel, Brake wheel, Cam wheel, Fifth wheel, Overshot wheel,
Spinning wheel, etc. See under Bevel, Brake, etc.
 -- Core wheel. (Mach.) (a) A mortise gear. (b) A wheel having a rim
perforated to receive wooden cogs; the skeleton of a mortise gear.
 -- Measuring wheel, an odometer, or perambulator.
 -- Wheel and axle (Mech.), one of the elementary machines or
mechanical powers, consisting of a wheel fixed to an axle, and used
for raising great weights, by applying the power to the circumference
of the wheel, and attaching the weight, by a rope or chain, to that
of the axle. Called also axis in peritrochio, and perpetual lever, --
the principle of equilibrium involved being the same as in the lever,
while its action is continuous. See Mechanical powers, under
Mechanical.
 -- Wheel animal, or Wheel animalcule (Zoöl.), any one of numerous
species of rotifers having a ciliated disk at the anterior end.
 -- Wheel barometer. (Physics) See under Barometer.
 -- Wheel boat, a boat with wheels, to be used either on water or
upon inclined planes or railways.
 -- Wheel bug (Zoöl.), a large North American hemipterous insect
(Prionidus cristatus) which sucks the blood of other insects. So
named from the curious shape of the prothorax.
 -- Wheel carriage, a carriage moving on wheels.
 -- Wheel chains, or Wheel ropes (Naut.), the chains or ropes
connecting the wheel and rudder.
 -- Wheel cutter, a machine for shaping the cogs of gear wheels; a
gear cutter.
 -- Wheel horse, one of the horses nearest to the wheels, as opposed
to a leader, or forward horse; -- called also wheeler.
 -- Wheel lathe, a lathe for turning railway-car wheels.
 -- Wheel lock. (a) A letter lock. See under Letter. (b) A kind of
gunlock in which sparks were struck from a flint, or piece of iron
pyrites, by a revolving wheel. (c) A kind of brake a carriage.
 -- Wheel ore (Min.), a variety of bournonite so named from the shape
of its twin crystals. See Bournonite.
 -- Wheel pit (Steam Engine), a pit in the ground, in which the lower
part of the fly wheel runs.
 -- Wheel plow, or Wheel plough, a plow having one or two wheels
attached, to render it more steady, and to regulate the depth of the
furrow.
 -- Wheel press, a press by which railway-car wheels are forced on,
or off, their axles.
 -- Wheel race, the place in which a water wheel is set.
 -- Wheel rope (Naut.), a tiller rope. See under Tiller.
 -- Wheel stitch (Needlework), a stitch resembling a spider's web,
worked into the material, and not over an open space. Caulfeild & S.
(Dict. of Needlework).
 -- Wheel tree (Bot.), a tree (Aspidosperma excelsum) of Guiana,
which has a trunk so curiously fluted that a transverse section
resembles the hub and spokes of a coarsely made wheel. See
Paddlewood.
 -- Wheel urchin (Zoöl.), any sea urchin of the genus Rotula having a
round, flat shell.
 -- Wheel window (Arch.), a circular window having radiating mullions
arranged like the spokes of a wheel. Cf. Rose window, under Rose.

WHEEL
Wheel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wheeled; p. pr. & vb. n. Wheeling.]

1. To convey on wheels, or in a wheeled vehicle; as, to wheel a load
of hay or wood.

2. To put into a rotatory motion; to cause to turn or revolve; to
cause to gyrate; to make or perform in a circle. "The beetle wheels
her droning flight." Gray.
Now heaven, in all her glory, shone, and rolled Her motions, as the
great first mover's hand First wheeled their course. Milton.

WHEEL
Wheel, v. i.

1. To turn on an axis, or as on an axis; to revolve; to more about;
to rotate; to gyrate.
The moon carried about the earth always shows the same face to us,
not once wheeling upon her own center. Bentley.

2. To change direction, as if revolving upon an axis or pivot; to
turn; as, the troops wheeled to the right.
Being able to advance no further, they are in a fair way to wheel
about to the other extreme. South.

3. To go round in a circuit; to fetch a compass.
Then wheeling down the steep of heaven he flies. Pope.

4. To roll forward.
Thunder mixed with hail, Hail mixed with fire, must rend the Egyptian
sky, And wheel on the earth, devouring where it rolls. Milton.

WHEELBAND
Wheel"band`, n.

Defn: The tire of a wheel.

WHEELBARROW
Wheel"bar`row, n.

Defn: A light vehicle for conveying small loads. It has two handles
and one wheel, and is rolled by a single person.

WHEEL BASE
Wheel base.

Defn: The figure inclosed by lines through the points contact of the
wheels of a vehicle, etc., with the surface or rails on which they
run; more esp., the length of this figure between the points of
contact of the two extreme wheels on either side.

WHEELBIRD
Wheel"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European goatsucker. [Prov. Eng.]

WHEELED
Wheeled, a.

Defn: Having wheels; -- used chiefly in composition; as, a four-
wheeled carriage.

WHEELER
Wheel"er, n.

1. One who wheels, or turns.

2. A maker of wheels; a wheelwright. [Obs.]

3. A wheel horse. See under Wheel.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A steam vessel propelled by a paddle wheel or by paddle wheels;
-- used chiefly in the terms side-wheeler and stern-wheeler.

5. A worker on sewed muslin. [Eng.]

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European goatsucker. [Prov. Eng.]

WHEELHOUSE
Wheel"house`, n. (Naut.)
(a) A small house on or above a vessel's deck, containing the
steering wheel.
(b) A paddle box. See under Paddle.

WHEELING
Wheel"ing, n.

1. The act of conveying anything, or traveling, on wheels, or in a
wheeled vehicle.

2. The act or practice of using a cycle; cycling.

3. Condition of a road or roads, which admits of passing on wheels;
as, it is good wheeling, or bad wheeling.

4. A turning, or circular movement.

WHEELMAN
Wheel"man, n.; pl. Wheelmen (.

Defn: One who rides a bicycle or tricycle; a cycler, or cyclist.

WHEEL OF FORTUNE
Wheel of fortune.

Defn: A gambling or lottery device consisting of a wheel which is
spun horizontally, articles or sums to which certain marks on its
circumference point when it stops being distributed according to
varying rules.

WHEEL-SHAPED
Wheel"-shaped`, a.

1. Shaped like a wheel.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Expanding into a flat, circular border at top, with scarcely
any tube; as, a wheel-shaped corolla.

WHEELSWARF
Wheel"swarf`, n.

Defn: See Swarf.

WHEELWORK
Wheel"work`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: A combination of wheels, and their connection, in a machine or
mechanism.

WHEEL-WORN
Wheel"-worn`, a.

Defn: Worn by the action of wheels; as, a wheel-worn road.

WHEELWRIGHT
Wheel"wright`, n.

Defn: A man whose occupation is to make or repair wheels and wheeled
vehicles, as carts, wagons, and the like.

WHEELY
Wheel"y, a.

Defn: Circular; suitable to rotation.

WHEEN
Wheen, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. hw, hw, a little, somewhat, hw little, few.]

Defn: A quantity; a goodly number. [Scot.] "A wheen other dogs." Sir
W. Scott.

WHEEZE
Wheeze, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wheezed; p. pr. & vb. n. Wheezing.] Etym:
[OE. whesen, AS. hwsan (cf. Icel. hvæsa to hiss, Sw. hväsa, Dan.
hvæse); akin to AS. hwsta a cough, D. hoest, G. husten, OHG. huosto,
Icel. h, Lith. kosti to cough, Skr. k. sq. root43. Cf. Husky hoarse.]

Defn: To breathe hard, and with an audible piping or whistling sound,
as persons affected with asthma. "Wheezing lungs." Shak.

WHEEZE
Wheeze, n.

1. A piping or whistling sound caused by difficult respiration.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: An ordinary whisper exaggerated so as to produce the hoarse
sound known as the "stage whisper." It is a forcible whisper with
some admixture of tone.

WHEEZY
Wheez"y, a.

Defn: Breathing with difficulty and with a wheeze; wheezing. Used
also figuratively.

WHEFT
Wheft, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Waft, n., 4.

WHELK
Whelk, n. Etym: [OE. welk, wilk, AS. weoloc, weloc, wiloc. Cf. Whilk,
and Wilk.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one numerous species of large marine gastropods belonging
to Buccinum and allied genera; especially, Buccinum undatum, common
on the coasts both of Europe and North America, and much used as food
in Europe. Whelk tingle, a dog whelk. See under Dog.

WHELK
Whelk, n. Etym: [OE. whelke, dim. of whele. See Wheal a pustule.]

1. A papule; a pustule; acne. "His whelks white." Chaucer.

2. A stripe or mark; a ridge; a wale. Chin whelk (Med.), sycosis.
 -- Rosy whelk (Med.), grog blossom.

WHELKED
Whelked, a.

Defn: Having whelks; whelky; as, whelked horns. Shak.

WHELKY
Whelk"y, a.

1. Having whelks, ridges, or protuberances; hence, streaked;
striated.

2. Shelly. "Whelky pearls." Spenser.

WHELM
Whelm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whelmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Whelming.] Etym:
[OE. whelmen to turn over, akin to OE. whelven, AS. whelfan, hwylfan,
in , , to overwhelm, cover over; akin to OS. bihwelbian, D. welven to
arch, G. wölben, OHG. welben, Icel. hvelfa to overturn; cf. Gr.

1. To cover with water or other fluid; to cover by immersion in
something that envelops on all sides; to overwhelm; to ingulf.
She is my prize, or ocean whelm them all! Shak.
The whelming billow and the faithless oar. Gay.

2. Fig.: To cover completely, as if with water; to immerse; to
overcome; as, to whelm one in sorrows. "The whelming weight of
crime." J. H. Newman.

3. To throw (something) over a thing so as to cover it. [Obs.]
Mortimer.

WHELP
Whelp, n. Etym: [AS. hwelp; akin to D. welp, G. & OHG. welf, Icel.
hvelpr, Dan. hvalp, Sw. valp.]

1. One of the young of a dog or a beast of prey; a puppy; a cub; as,
a lion's whelps. "A bear robbed of her whelps." 2 Sam. xvii. 8.

2. A child; a youth; -- jocosely or in contempt.
That awkward whelp with his money bags would have made his entrance.
Addison.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: One of the longitudinal ribs or ridges on the barrel of a
capstan or a windless; -- usually in the plural; as, the whelps of a
windlass.

4. One of the teeth of a sprocket wheel.

WHELP
Whelp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whelped; p. pr. & vb. n. Whelping.]

Defn: To bring forth young; -- said of the female of the dog and some
beasts of prey.

WHELP
Whelp, v. t.

Defn: To bring forth, as cubs or young; to give birth to.
Unless she had whelped it herself, she could not have loved a thing
better. B. Jonson.
Did thy foul fancy whelp so black a scheme Young.

WHEN
When, adv. Etym: [OE. when, whan, whenne, whanne, AS. hwænne, hwanne,
hwonne; akin to OS. hwan, OD. wan, OHG. wanne, G. wann when, wenn if,
when, Goth. hwan when, and to E. who. Who.]

1. At what time; -- used interrogatively.
When shall these things be Matt. xxiv. 3.

Note: See the Note under What, pron., 1.

2. At what time; at, during, or after the time that; at or just
after, the moment that; -- used relatively.
Kings may Take their advantage when and how they list. Daniel.
Book lore ne'er served, when trial came, Nor gifts, when faith was
dead. J. H. Newman.

3. While; whereas; although; -- used in the manner of a conjunction
to introduce a dependent adverbial sentence or clause, having a
causal, conditional, or adversative relation to the principal
proposition; as, he chose to turn highwayman when he might have
continued an honest man; he removed the tree when it was the best in
the grounds.

4. Which time; then; -- used elliptically as a noun.
I was adopted heir by his consent; Since when, his oath is broke.
Shak.

Note: When was formerly used as an exclamation of surprise or
impatience, like what!
Come hither; mend my ruff: Here, when! thou art such a tedious lady!
J. Webster.
When as, When that, at the time that; when. [Obs.]
When as sacred light began to dawn. Milton.
When that mine eye is famished for a look. Shak.

WHENAS
When"as`, conj.

Defn: Whereas; while [Obs.]
Whenas, if they would inquire into themselves, they would find no
such matter. Barrow.

WHENCE
Whence, adv. Etym: [OE. whennes, whens (with adverbial s, properly a
genitive ending; -- see -wards), also whenne, whanene, AS. hwanan,
hwanon, hwonan, hwanone; akin to D. when. See When, and cf. Hence,
Thence.]

1. From what place; hence, from what or which source, origin,
antecedent, premise, or the like; how; -- used interrogatively.
Whence hath this man this wisdom Matt. xiii. 54.
Whence and what art thou Milton.

2. From what or which place, source, material, cause, etc.; the
place, source, etc., from which; -- used relatively.
Grateful to acknowledge whence his good Descends. Milton.

Note: All the words of this class, whence, where, whither,
whereabouts, etc., are occasionally used as pronouns by a harsh
construction.
O, how unlike the place from whence they fell Milton.

Note: From whence, though a pleonasm, is fully authorized by the use
of good writers.
From whence come wars and fightings among you James iv. 1.
Of whence, also a pleonasm, has become obsolete.

WHENCEEVER
Whence*ev"er, adv. & conj.

Defn: Whencesoever. [R.]

WHENCEFORTH
Whence`forth", adv.

Defn: From, or forth from, what or which place; whence. [Obs.]
Spenser.

WHENCESOEVER
Whence`so*ev"er, adv. & conj.

Defn: From what place soever; from what cause or source soever.
Any idea, whencesoever we have it. Locke.

WHENE'ER
When*e'er, adv. & conj.

Defn: Whenever.

WHENEVER
When*ev"er, adv. & conj.

Defn: At whatever time. "Whenever that shall be." Milton.

WHENNES
When"nes, adv.

Defn: Whence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WHENSOEVER
When`so*ev"er, adv. & conj.

Defn: At what time soever; at whatever time; whenever. Mark xiv. 7.

WHER; WHERE
Wher, Where (, pron. & conj. Etym: [See Whether.]

Defn: Whether. [Sometimes written whe'r.] [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
Men must enquire (this is mine assent), Wher she be wise or sober or
dronkelewe. Chaucer.

WHERE
Where, adv. Etym: [OE. wher, whar, AS. hw; akin to D. waar, OS. hw,
OHG. hwar, war, wa, G. wo, Icel. and Sw. hvar, Dan. hvor, Goth. hwar,
and E. who; cf. Skr. karhi when. sq. root182. See Who, and cf.
There.]

1. At or in what place; hence, in what situation, position, or
circumstances; -- used interrogatively.
God called unto Adam, . . . Where art thou Gen. iii. 9.

Note: See the Note under What, pron., 1.

2. At or in which place; at the place in which; hence, in the case or
instance in which; -- used relatively.
She visited that place where first she was so happy. Sir P. Sidney.
Where I thought the remnant of mine age Should have been cherished by
her childlike duty. Shak.
Where one on his side fights, thousands will fly. Shak.
But where he rode one mile, the dwarf ran four. Sir W. Scott.

3. To what or which place; hence, to what goal, result, or issue;
whither; -- used interrogatively and relatively; as, where are you
going
But where does this tend Goldsmith.
Lodged in sunny cleft, Where the gold breezes come not. Bryant.

Note: Where is often used pronominally with or without a preposition,
in elliptical sentences for a place in which, the place in which, or
what place.
The star . . . stood over where the young child was. Matt. ii. 9.
The Son of man hath not where to lay his head. Matt. viii. 20.
Within about twenty paces of where we were. Goldsmith.
Where did the minstrels come from Dickens.

Note: Where is much used in composition with preposition, and then is
equivalent to a pronoun. Cf. Whereat, Whereby, Wherefore, Wherein,
etc. Where away (Naut.), in what direction; as, where away is the
land

Syn.
 -- See Whither.

WHERE
Where, conj.

Defn: Whereas.
And flight and die is death destroying death; Where fearing dying
pays death servile breath. Shak.

WHERE
Where, n.

Defn: Place; situation. [Obs. or Colloq.]
Finding the nymph asleep in secret where. Spenser.

WHEREABOUT; WHEREABOUTS
Where"a*bout`, Where"a*bouts`, adv.

1. About where; near what or which place; -- used interrogatively and
relatively; as, whereabouts did you meet him

Note: In this sense, whereabouts is the common form.

2. Concerning which; about which. "The object whereabout they are
conversant." Hooker.

WHEREABOUT; WHEREABOUTS
Where"a*bout`, Where"a*bouts`, n.

Defn: The place where a person or thing is; as, they did not know his
whereabouts. Shak.
A puzzling notice of thy whereabout. Wordsworth.

WHEREAS
Where*as", adv.

Defn: At which place; where. [Obs.] Chaucer.
At last they came whereas that lady bode. Spenser.

WHEREAS
Where*as", conj.

1. Considering that; it being the case that; since; -- used to
introduce a preamble which is the basis of declarations,
affirmations, commands, requests, or like, that follow.

2. When in fact; while on the contrary; the case being in truth that;
although; -- implying opposition to something that precedes; or
implying recognition of facts, sometimes followed by a different
statement, and sometimes by inferences or something consequent.
Are not those found to be the greatest zealots who are most
notoriously ignorant whereas true zeal should always begin with true
knowledge. Sprat.

WHEREAT
Where*at", adv.

1. At which; upon which; whereupon; -- used relatively.
They vote; whereat his speech he thus renews. Milton.
Whereat he was no less angry and ashamed than desirous to obey
Zelmane. Sir P. Sidney.

2. At what; -- used interrogatively; as, whereat are you offended

WHEREBY
Where*by", adv.

1. By which; -- used relatively. "You take my life when you take the
means whereby I life." Shak.

2. By what; how; -- used interrogatively.
Whereby shall I know this Luke i. 18.

WHERE'ER
Wher*e'er", adv.

Defn: Wherever; -- a contracted and poetical form. Cowper.

WHEREFORE
Where"fore, adv.& conj. Etym: [Where + for.]

1. For which reason; so; -- used relatively.
Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them. Matt. vii. 20.

2. For what reason; why; -- used interrogatively.
But wherefore that I tell my tale. Chaucer.
Wherefore didst thou doubt Matt. xiv. 31.

WHEREFORE
Where"fore, n.

Defn: the reason why. [Colloq.]

WHEREFORM
Where*form", adv. Etym: [Where + from.]

Defn: From which; from which or what place. Tennyson.

WHEREIN
Where*in", adv.

1. In which; in which place, thing, time, respect, or the like; --
used relatively.
Her clothes wherein she was clad. Chaucer.
There are times wherein a man ought to be cautious as well as
innocent. Swift.

2. In what; -- used interrogatively.
Yet ye say, Wherein have we wearied him! Mal. ii. 17.

WHEREINTO
Where`in*to", adv.

1. Into which; -- used relatively.
Where is that palace whereinto foul things Sometimes intrude not
Shak.
The brook, whereinto he loved to look. Emerson.

2. Into what; -- used interrogatively.

WHERENESS
Where"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of having a place; ubiety; situation;
position. [R.]
A point hath no dimensions, but only a whereness, and is next to
nothing. Grew.

WHEREOF
Where*of", adv.

1. Of which; of whom; formerly, also, with which; -- used relatively.
I do not find the certain numbers whereof their armies did consist.
Sir J. Davies.
Let it work like Borgias' wine, Whereof his sire, the pope, was
poisoned. Marlowe.
Edward's seven sons, whereof thyself art one. Shak.

2. Of what; -- used interrogatively.
Whereof was the house built Johnson.

WHEREON
Where*on", adv.

1. On which; -- used relatively; as, the earth whereon we live.
O fair foundation laid whereon to build. Milton.

2. On what; -- used interrogatively; as, whereon do we stand

WHEREOUT
Where*out", adv.

Defn: Out of which. [R.]
The cleft whereout the lightning breaketh. Holland.

WHERESO
Where"so, adv.

Defn: Wheresoever. [Obs.]

WHERESOE'ER
Where`so*e'er", adv.

Defn: Wheresoever. [Poetic] "Wheresoe'er they rove." Milton.

WHERESOEVER
Where`so*ev"er, adv.

Defn: In what place soever; in whatever place; wherever.

WHERETHROUGH
Where*through", adv.

Defn: Through which. [R.] "Wherethrough that I may know." Chaucer.
Windows . . . wherethrough the sun Delights to peep, to gaze therein
on thee. Shak.

WHERETO
Where*to", adv.

1. To which; -- used relatively. "Whereto we have already attained."
Phil. iii. 16.
Whereto all bonds do tie me day by day. Shak.

2. To what; to what end; -- used interrogatively.

WHEREUNTO
Where`un*to", adv.

Defn: Same as Whereto.

WHEREUPON
Where`up*on", adv.

Defn: Upon which; in consequence of which; after which.
The townsmen mutinied and sent to Essex; whereupon he came thither.
Clarendon.

WHEREVER
Wher*ev"er, adv.

Defn: At or in whatever place; wheresoever.
He can not but love virtue wherever it is. Atterbury.

WHEREWITH
Where*with", adv.

1. With which; -- used relatively.
The love wherewith thou hast loved me. John xvii. 26.

2. With what; -- used interrogatively.
Wherewith shall I save Israel Judg. vi. 15.

WHEREWITH
Where*with", n.

Defn: The necessary means or instrument.
So shall I have wherewith to answer him. Ps. cxix. 42.
The wherewith to meet excessive loss by radiation. H. Spencer.

WHEREWITHAL
Where`with*al", adv. & n.

Defn: Wherewith. "Wherewithal shall we be clothed" Matt. vi. 31.
Wherewithal shall a young man cleanse his way Ps. cxix. 9.
[The builders of Babel], still with vain design, New Babels, had they
wherewithal, would build. Milton.

WHERRET
Wher"ret, v. t. Etym: [From Whir.]

1. To hurry; to trouble; to tease. [Obs.] Bickerstaff.

2. To box (one) on the ear; to strike or box. (the ear); as, to
wherret a child. [Obs.]

WHERRET
Wher"ret, n.

Defn: A box on the ear. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

WHERRY
Wher"ry, n.; pl. Wherries. Etym: [Cf. Icel. hverfr shifty, crank,
hverfa to turn, E. whirl, wharf.] (Naut.)
(a) A passenger barge or lighter plying on rivers; also, a kind of
light, half-decked vessel used in fishing. [Eng.]
(b) A long, narrow, light boat, sharp at both ends, for fast rowing
or sailing; esp., a racing boat rowed by one person with sculls.

WHERRY
Wher"ry, n. Etym: [Cf. W. chwerw bitter.]

Defn: A liquor made from the pulp of crab apples after the verjuice
is expressed; -- sometimes called crab wherry. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

WHERSO
Wher"so, adv.

Defn: Wheresoever. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WHET
Whet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whetted; p. pr. & vb. n. Whetting.] Etym:
[AS. hwettan; akin to D. wetten, G. wetzen, OHG. wezzen, Icel.
hvetja, Sw. vättja, and AS. hwæt vigorous, brave, OS. hwat, OHG. waz,
was, sharp, Icel. hvatr, bold, active, Sw. hvass sharp, Dan. hvas,
Goth. hwassaba sharply, and probably to Skr. cud to impel, urge on.]

1. To rub or on with some substance, as a piece of stone, for the
purpose of sharpening; to sharpen by attrition; as, to whet a knife.
The mower whets his scythe. Milton.
Here roams the wolf, the eagle whets his beak. Byron.

2. To make sharp, keen, or eager; to excite; to stimulate; as, to
whet the appetite or the courage.
Since Cassius first did whet me against Cæsar, I have not slept.
Shak.
To whet on, To whet forward, to urge on or forward; to instigate.
Shak.

WHET
Whet, n.

1. The act of whetting.

2. That which whets or sharpens; esp., an appetizer. "Sips, drams,
and whets." Spectator. Whet slate (Min.), a variety of slate used for
sharpening cutting instruments; novaculite; -- called also whetstone
slate, and oilstone.

WHETHER
Wheth"er, pron. Etym: [OE. whether, AS. hwæ; akin to OS. hwe, OFries.
hweder, OHG. hwedar, wedar, G. weder, conj., neither, Icel. hvarr
whether, Goth. hwa, Lith. katras, L. uter, Gr. katara, from the
interrogatively pronoun, in AS. hwa who. Who, and cf. Either,
Neither, Or, conj.]

Defn: Which (of two); which one (of two); -- used interrogatively and
relatively. [Archaic]
Now choose yourself whether that you liketh. Chaucer.
One day in doubt I cast for to compare Whether in beauties' glory did
exceed. Spenser.
Whether of them twain did the will of his father Matt. xxi. 31.

WHETHER
Wheth"er, conj.

Defn: In case; if; -- used to introduce the first or two or more
alternative clauses, the other or others being connected by or, or by
or whether. When the second of two alternatives is the simple
negative of the first it is sometimes only indicated by the particle
not or no after the correlative, and sometimes it is omitted entirely
as being distinctly implied in the whether of the first.
And now who knows But you, Lorenzo, whether I am yours Shak.
You have said; but whether wisely or no, let the forest judge. Shak.
For whether we live, we live unto the Lord; and whether we die, we
die unto the Lord; whether we live therefore, or die, we are the
Lord's. Rom. xiv. 8.
But whether thus these things, or whether not; Whether the sun,
predominant in heaven, Rise on the earth, or earth rise on the sun, .
. . Solicit not thy thoughts with matters hid. Milton.
Whether or no, in either case; in any case; as, I will go whether or
no.
 -- Whether that, whether. Shak.

WHETHERING
Wheth"er*ing, n.

Defn: The retention of the afterbirth in cows. Gardner.

WHETILE
Whet"ile, n. Etym: [Cf. Whitile.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The green woodpecker, or yaffle. See Yaffle. [Prov. Eng.]

WHETSTONE
Whet"stone`, n. Etym: [AS. hwetstan.]

Defn: A piece of stone, natural or artificial, used for whetting, or
sharpening, edge tools.
The dullness of the fools is the whetstone of the wits. Shak.
Diligence is to the understanding as the whetstone to the razor.
South.

Note: Some whetstones are used dry, others are moistened with water,
or lubricated with oil. To give the whetstone, to give a premium for
extravagance in falsehood. [Obs.]

WHETTER
Whet"ter, n.

1. One who, or that which, whets, sharpens, or stimulates.

2. A tippler; one who drinks whets. [Obs.] Steele.

WHETTLEBONES
Whet"tle*bones, n. pl.

Defn: The vertebræ of the back. [Prov. Eng.] Dunglison.

WHEW
Whew (hwu), n. & interj.

Defn: A sound like a half-formed whistle, expressing astonishment,
scorn, or dislike. Whew duck, the European widgeon. [Prov. Eng.]

WHEW
Whew, v. i.

Defn: To whistle with a shrill pipe, like a plover. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]

WHEWELLITE
Whew"ell*ite, n. Etym: [So named after Prof. Whewell of Cambridge,
England.] (Min.)

Defn: Calcium oxalate, occurring in colorless or white monoclinic
crystals.

WHEWER
Whew"er, n. Etym: [Cf. W. chwiwell a widgeon, chwiws widgeons,
waterfowls; or cf. E. whew, v. i.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European widgeon. [Prov. Eng.]

WHEY
Whey, n. Etym: [AS. hwæg; cf. D. wei, hui, Fries. weye, LG. wey,
waje. ]

Defn: The serum, or watery part, of milk, separated from the more
thick or coagulable part, esp. in the process of making cheese. In
this process, the thick part is called curd, and the thin part whey.

WHEY CURE
Whey cure.

Defn: Treatment with whey as a drink and in baths.

WHEYEY
Whey"ey, a.

Defn: Of the nature of, or containing, whey; resembling whey;
wheyish. Bacon.

WHEYFACE
Whey"face`, n.

Defn: One who is pale, as from fear.

WHEY-FACED
Whey"-faced`, a.

Defn: Having a pale or white face, as from fright. "Whey-faced
cavaliers." Aytoun.

WHEYISH
Whey"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat like whey; wheyey. J. Philips.
 -- Whey"ish*ness, n.

WHICH
Which, pron. Etym: [OE. which, whilk, AS. hwilc, hwylc, hwelc, from
the root of hwa who + lic body; hence properly, of what sort or kind;
akin to OS. hwilik which, OFries. hwelik, D. welk, G. welch, OHG.
welih, hwelih, Icel. hvilikr, Dan. & Sw. hvilken, Goth. hwileiks,
hwleiks; cf. L. qualis. Who, and Like, a., and cf. Such.]

1. Of what sort or kind; what; what a; who. [Obs.]
And which they weren and of what degree. Chaucer.

2. A interrogative pronoun, used both substantively and adjectively,
and in direct and indirect questions, to ask for, or refer to, an
individual person or thing among several of a class; as, which man is
it which woman was it which is the house he asked which route he
should take; which is best, to live or to die See the Note under
What, pron., 1.
Which of you convinceth me of sin John viii. 46.

3. A relative pronoun, used esp. in referring to an antecedent noun
or clause, but sometimes with reference to what is specified or
implied in a sentence, or to a following noun or clause (generally
involving a reference, however, to something which has preceded). It
is used in all numbers and genders, and was formerly used of persons.
And when thou fail'st -- as God forbid the hour! --Must Edward fall,
which peril heaven forfend! Shak.
God . . . rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had
made. Gen. ii. 2.
Our Father, which art in heaven. Matt. vi. 9.
The temple of God is holy, which temple ye are. 1 Cor. iii. 17.

4. A compound relative or indefinite pronoun, standing for any one
which, whichever, that which, those which, the . . . which, and the
like; as, take which you will.

Note: The which was formerly often used for which. The expressions
which that, which as, were also sometimes used by way of emphasis.
Do not they blaspheme that worthy name by the which ye are called
James ii. 7.

Note: Which, referring to a series of preceding sentences, or members
of a sentence, may have all joined to it adjectively. "All which, as
a method of a proclamation, is very convenient." Carlyle.

WHICHEVER; WHICHSOEVER
Which*ev"er, Which`so*ev"er, pron. & a.

Defn: Whether one or another; whether one or the other; which; that
one (of two or more) which; as, whichever road you take, it will lead
you to town.

WHIDAH BIRD
Whid"ah bird`, (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of finchlike birds belonging to the
genus Vidua, native of Asia and Africa. In the breeding season the
male has very long, drooping tail feathers. Called also vida finch,
whidah finch, whydah bird, whydah finch, widow bird, and widow finch.

Note: Some of the species are often kept as cage birds, especially
Vidua paradisea, which is dark brownish above, pale buff beneath,
with a reddish collar around the neck.

WHIDER
Whid"er, adv.

Defn: Whither. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WHIFF
Whiff, n. Etym: [OE. weffe vapor, whiff, probably of imitative
origin; cf. Dan. vift a puff, gust, W. chwiff a whiff, puff.]

1. A sudden expulsion of air from the mouth; a quick puff or slight
gust, as of air or smoke.
But with the whiff and wind of his fell sword The unnerved father
falls. Shak.
The skipper, he blew a whiff from his pipe, And a scornful laugh
laughed he. Longfellow.

2. A glimpse; a hasty view. [Prov. Eng.]

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The marysole, or sail fluke.

WHIFF
Whiff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whiffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Whiffing.]

1. To throw out in whiffs; to consume in whiffs; to puff.

2. To carry or convey by a whiff, or as by a whiff; to puff or blow
away.
Old Empedocles, . . . who, when he leaped into Etna, having a dry,
sear body, and light, the smoke took him, and whiffed him up into the
moon. B. Jonson.

WHIFF
Whiff, v. i.

Defn: To emit whiffs, as of smoke; to puff.

WHIFFET
Whif"fet, n.

Defn: A little whiff or puff.

WHIFFING
Whiff"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, whiffs.

2. A mode of fishing with a hand line for pollack, mackerel, and the
like.

WHIFFLE
Whif"fle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whiffled; p. pr. & vb. n. Whiffling.]
Etym: [Freq. of whiff to puff, perhaps influenced by D. weifelen to
waver.]

1. To waver, or shake, as if moved by gusts of wind; to shift, turn,
or veer about. D

2. To change from one opinion or course to another; to use evasions;
to prevaricate; to be fickle.
A person of whiffing and unsteady turn of mind can not keep close to
a point of controversy. I. Watts.

WHIFFLE
Whif"fle, v. t.

1. To disperse with, or as with, a whiff, or puff; to scatter. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.

2. To wave or shake quickly; to cause to whiffle.

WHIFFLE
Whif"fle, n.

Defn: A fife or small flute. [Obs.] Douce.

WHIFFLER
Whif"fler, n.

1. One who whiffles, or frequently changes his opinion or course; one
who uses shifts and evasions in argument; hence, a trifler.
Every whiffler in a laced coat who frequents the chocolate house
shall talk of the constitution. Swift.

2. One who plays on a whiffle; a fifer or piper. [Obs.]

3. An officer who went before procession to clear the way by blowing
a horn, or otherwise; hence, any person who marched at the head of a
procession; a harbinger.
Which like a mighty whiffler 'fore the king, Seems to prepare his
way. Shak.

Note: "Whifflers, or fifers, generally went first in a procession,
from which circumstance the name was transferred to other persons who
succeeded to that office, and at length was given to those who went
forward merely to clear the way for the procession. . . . In the city
of London, young freemen, who march at the head of their proper
companies on the Lord Mayor's day, sometimes with flags, were called
whifflers, or bachelor whifflers, not because they cleared the way,
but because they went first, as whifflers did." Nares.

4. (Zoöl)

Defn: The golden-eye. [Local, U.S.]

WHIFFLETREE
Whif"fle*tree`, n.

Defn: Same as Whippletree.

WHIG
Whig, n. Etym: [See Whey.]

Defn: Acidulated whey, sometimes mixed with buttermilk and sweet
herbs, used as a cooling beverage. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

WHIG
Whig, n. Etym: [Said to be from whiggam, a term used in Scotland in
driving horses, whiggamore one who drives horses (a term applied to
some western Scotchmen), contracted to whig. In 1648, a party of
these people marched to Edinburgh to oppose the king and the duke of
Hamilton (the Whiggamore raid), and hence the name of Whig was given
to the party opposed to the court. Cf. Scot. whig to go quickly.]

1. (Eng. Politics)

Defn: One of a political party which grew up in England in the
seventeenth century, in the reigns of Charles I. and II., when great
contests existed respecting the royal prerogatives and the rights of
the people. Those who supported the king in his high claims were
called Tories, and the advocates of popular rights, of parliamentary
power over the crown, and of toleration to Dissenters, were, after
1679, called Whigs. The terms Liberal and Radical have now generally
superseded Whig in English politics. See the note under Tory.

2. (Amer. Hist.)
(a) A friend and supporter of the American Revolution; -- opposed to
Tory, and Royalist.
(b) One of the political party in the United States from about 1829
to 1856, opposed in politics to the Democratic party.

WHIG
Whig, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Whigs.

WHIGGAMORE
Whig"ga*more, n. Etym: [See Whig.]

Defn: A Whig; -- a cant term applied in contempt to Scotch
Presbyterians. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

WHIGGARCHY
Whig"gar*chy, n. Etym: [Whig + -archy.]

Defn: Government by Whigs. [Cont] Swift.

WHIGGERY
Whig"ger*y, n.

Defn: The principles or practices of the Whigs; Whiggism.

WHIGGISH
Whig"gish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Whigs; partaking of, or characterized by,
the principles of Whigs.

WHIGGISHLY
Whig"gish*ly, adv.

Defn: In a Whiggish manner.

WHIGGISM
Whig"gism, n.

Defn: The principles of the Whigs.

WHIGLING
Whig"ling, n.

Defn: A petty or inferior Whig; -- used in contempt. Spectator.

WHILE
While, n. Etym: [AS. hwil; akin to OS. hwil, hwila, OFries. hwile, D.
wigl, G. weile, OHG. wila, hwila, hwil, Icel. hvila a bed, hvild
rest, Sw. hvila, Dan. hvile, Goth. hweila a time, and probably to L.
quietus quiet, and perhaps to Gr. Quiet, Whilom.]

1. Space of time, or continued duration, esp. when short; a time; as,
one while we thought him innocent. "All this while." Shak.
This mighty queen may no while endure. Chaucer.
[Some guest that] hath outside his welcome while, And tells the jest
without the smile. Coleridge.
I will go forth and breathe the air a while. Longfellow.

2. That which requires time; labor; pains. [Obs.]
Satan . . . cast him how he might quite her while. Chaucer.
At whiles, at times; at intervals.
And so on us at whiles it falls, to claim Powers that we dread. J. H.
Newman.
-- The while, The whiles, in or during the time that; meantime;
while. Tennyson.
 -- Within a while, in a short time; soon.
 -- Worth while, worth the time which it requires; worth the time and
pains; hence, worth the expense; as, it is not always worth while for
a man to prosecute for small debts.

WHILE
While, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Whiling.]

Defn: To cause to pass away pleasantly or without irksomeness or
disgust; to spend or pass; -- usually followed by away.
The lovely lady whiled the hours away. Longfellow.

WHILE
While, v. i.

Defn: To loiter. [R.] Spectator.

WHILE
While, conj.

1. During the time that; as long as; whilst; at the same time that;
as, while I write, you sleep. "While I have time and space." Chaucer.
Use your memory; you will sensibly experience a gradual improvement,
while you take care not to overload it. I. Watts.

2. Hence, under which circumstances; in which case; though; whereas.
While as, While that, during or at the time that. [Obs.]

WHILE
While, prep.

Defn: Until; till. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
I may be conveyed into your chamber; I'll lie under your bed while
midnight. Beau. & Fl.

WHILERE
Whil`ere", adv. Etym: [While + ere]

Defn: A little while ago; recently; just now; erewhile. [Obs.]
Helpeth me now as I did you whilere. Chaucer.
He who, with all heaven's heraldry, whilere Entered the world.
Milton.

WHILES
Whiles, adv. Etym: [See While, n., and -wards.]

1. Meanwhile; meantime. [R.]
The good knight whiles humming to himself the lay of some majored
troubadour. Sir. W. Scott.

2. sometimes; at times. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. The whiles. See under
While, n.

WHILES
Whiles, conj.

Defn: During the time that; while. [Archaic] Chaucer. Fuller.
Agree with thine adversary quickly, whiles thou art in the way with
him. Matt. v. 25.

WHILK
Whilk, n. Etym: [See Whelk a mollusk.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of mollusk, a whelk. [Prov. Eng.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The scoter. [Prov. Eng.]

WHILK
Whilk, pron.

Defn: Which. [Obs. or Scot.]

Note: Whilk is sometimes used in Chaucer to represent the Northern
dialect.

WHILOM
Whi"lom, adv. Etym: [AS. hwilum, properly, at times, dative pl. of
hwil; akin to G. weiland formerly, OHG. hwilm, See While, n.]

Defn: Formerly; once; of old; erewhile; at times. [Obs. or Poetic]
Spenser.
Whilom, as olde stories tellen us, There was a duke that highte
Theseus. Chaucer.

WHILST
Whilst, adv. Etym: [From Whiles; cf. Amongst.]

Defn: While. [Archaic]
Whilst the emperor lay at Antioch. Gibbon.
The whilst, in the meantime; while. [Archaic.] Shak.

WHIM
Whim, n. Etym: [Cf. Whimbrel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European widgeon. [Prov. Eng.]

WHIM
Whim, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. hwima to wander with the eyes, vim
giddiness, Norw. kvima to whisk or flutter about, to trifle, Dan.
vimse to skip, whisk, jump from one thing to another, dial. Sw.
hvimsa to be unsteady, dizzy, W. chwimio to move briskly.]

1. A sudden turn or start of the mind; a temporary eccentricity; a
freak; a fancy; a capricious notion; a humor; a caprice.
Let every man enjoy his whim. Churchill.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A large capstan or vertical drum turned by horse power or steam
power, for raising ore or water, etc., from mines, or for other
purposes; -- called also whim gin, and whimsey. Whim gin (Mining), a
whim. See Whim, 2.
 -- Whim shaft (Mining), a shaft through which ore, water, etc., is
raised from a mine by means of a whim.

Syn.
 -- Freak; caprice; whimsey; fancy.
 -- Whim, Freak, Caprice. Freak denotes an impulsive, inconsiderate
change of mind, as by a child or a lunatic. Whim is a mental
eccentricity due to peculiar processes or habits of thought. Caprice
is closely allied in meaning to freak, but implies more definitely a
quality of willfulness or wantonness.

WHIM
Whim, v. i.

Defn: To be subject to, or indulge in, whims; to be whimsical, giddy,
or freakish. [R.] Congreve.

WHIMBREL
Whim"brel, n. Etym: [Cf. Whimper.] (Zoöl)

Defn: Any one of several species of small curlews, especially the
European species (Numenius phæopus), called also Jack curlew, half
curlew, stone curlew, and tang whaup. See Illustration in Appendix.
Hudsonian or, Eskimo, whimbreal, the Hudsonian curlew.

WHIMLING
Whim"ling, n. Etym: [Whim + -ling.]

Defn: One given to whims; hence, a weak, childish person; a child.
Go, whimling, and fetch two or three grating loaves. Beau. & Fl.

WHIMMY
Whim"my, a.

Defn: Full of whims; whimsical.
The study of Rabbinical literature either finds a man whimmy or makes
him so. Coleridge.

WHIMPER
Whim"per, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whimpered; p. pr. & vb. n. Whimpering.]
Etym: [Cf. Scot. whimmer, G. wimmern.]

Defn: To cry with a low, whining, broken voice; to whine; to
complain; as, a child whimpers.
Was there ever yet preacher but there were gainsayers that spurned,
that winced, that whimpered against him Latimer.

WHIMPER
Whim"per, v. t.

Defn: To utter in alow, whining tone.

WHIMPER
Whim"per, n.

Defn: A low, whining, broken cry; a low, whining sound, expressive of
complaint or grief.

WHIMPERER
Whim"per*er, n.

Defn: One who whimpers.

WHIMPLE
Whim"ple, v. t.

Defn: See Wimple.

WHIMPLE
Whim"ple, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Whiffle.]

Defn: To whiffle; to veer.

WHIMSEY; WHIMSY
Whim"sey, Whimsy, n.; pl. Whimseys or Whimsies. Etym: [See Whim.]

1. A whim; a freak; a capricious notion, a fanciful or odd conceit.
"The whimsies of poets and painters." Ray.
Men's folly, whimsies, and inconstancy. Swift.
Mistaking the whimseys of a feverish brain for the calm revelation of
truth. Bancroft.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A whim.

WHIMSEY
Whim"sey, v. t.

Defn: To fill with whimseys, or whims; to make fantastic; to craze.
[R.]
To have a man's brain whimsied with his wealth. J. Fletcher.

WHIMSICAL
Whim"si*cal, a. Etym: [From Whimsey.]

1. Full of, or characterized by, whims; actuated by a whim; having
peculiar notions; queer; strange; freakish. "A whimsical insult."
Macaulay.
My neighbors call me whimsical. Addison.

2. Odd or fantastic in appearance; quaintly devised; fantastic. "A
whimsical chair." Evelyn.

Syn.
 -- Quaint; capricious; fanciful; fantastic.

WHIMSICALITY
Whim`si*cal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being whimsical; whimsicalness.

WHIMSICALLY
Whim"si*cal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a whimsical manner; freakishly.

WHIMSICALNESS
Whim"si*cal*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being whimsical; freakishness;
whimsical disposition.

WHIMSY
Whim"sy, n.

Defn: A whimsey.

WHIMWHAM
Whim"wham, n. Etym: [Formed from whim by reduplication.]

1. A whimsical thing; an odd device; a trifle; a trinket; a gimcrack.
[R.]
They'll pull ye all to pieces for your whimwhams. Bear. & Fl.

2. A whim, or whimsey; a freak.

WHIN
Whin, n. Etym: [W. chwyn weeds, a single weed.]

1. (Bot.)
(a) Gorse; furze. See Furze.
Through the whins, and by the cairn. Burns.

(b) Woad-waxed. Gray.

2. Same as Whinstone. [Prov. Eng.] Moor whin or Petty whin (Bot.), a
low prickly shrub (Genista Anglica) common in Western Europe.
 -- Whin bruiser, a machine for cutting and bruising whin, or furze,
to feed cattle on.
 -- Whin Sparrow (Zoöl.), the hedge sparrow. [Prov. Eng.] -- Whin
Thrush (Zoöl.), the redwing. [Prov. Eng.]

WHINBERRY
Whin"ber*ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The English bilberry; -- so called because it grows on moors
among the whins, or furze. Dr. Prior.

WHINCHAT
Whin"chat`, n. Etym: [So called because it frequents whins.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small warbler (Pratincola rubetra) common in Europe; --
called also whinchacker, whincheck, whin-clocharet.

WHINE
Whine, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whined; p. pr. & vb. n. Whining.] Etym:
[OE. whinen, AS. hwinan to make a whistling, whizzing sound; akin to
Icel. hvina, Sw. hvina, Dan. hvine, and probably to G. wiehern to
neigh, OHG. wihn, hweijn; perhaps of imitative origin. Cf. Whinny, v.
i.]

Defn: To utter a plaintive cry, as some animals; to mean with a
childish noise; to complain, or to tell of sorrow, distress, or the
like, in a plaintive, nasal tone; hence, to complain or to beg in a
mean, unmanly way; to moan basely. "Whining plovers." Spenser.
The hounds were . . . staying their coming, but with a whining
accent, craving liberty. Sir P. Sidney.
Dost thou come here to whine Shak.

WHINE
Whine, v. t.

Defn: To utter or express plaintively, or in a mean, unmanly way; as,
to whine out an excuse.

WHINE
Whine, n.

Defn: A plaintive tone; the nasal, childish tone of mean complaint;
mean or affected complaint.

WHINER
Whin"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, whines.

WHINGE
Whinge, v. i.

Defn: To whine. [Scot.] Burns.

WHINGER
Whing"er, n. Etym: [See Whinyard.]

Defn: A kind of hanger or sword used as a knife at meals and as a
weapon. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
The chief acknowledged that he had corrected her with his whinger.
Sir W. Scott.

WHININGLY
Whin"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a whining manner; in a tone of mean complaint.

WHINNER
Whin"ner, v. i.

Defn: To whinny. [Colloq.]

WHINNY
Whin"ny, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whinnied; p. pr. & vb. n. Whinnying.]
Etym: [From Whine]

Defn: To utter the ordinary call or cry of a horse; to neigh.

WHINNY
Whin"ny, n.; pl. Whinnies (.

Defn: The ordinary cry or call of a horse; a neigh. "The stately
horse . . . stooped with a low whinny." Tennyson.

WHINNY
Whin"ny, a.

Defn: Abounding in whin, gorse, or furze.
A fine, large, whinny, . . . unimproved common. Sterne.

WHINOCK
Whin"ock, n. Etym: [Cf. Scot. whin, quhene, a few, AS. hw, hwne, a
little, hwn little, few. Cf. Wheen.]

Defn: The small pig of a litter. [Local, U. S.]

WHINSTONE
Whin"stone", n. Etym: [Whin + stone; cf. Scot. quhynstane.]

Defn: A provincial name given in England to basaltic rocks, and
applied by miners to other kind of dark-colored unstratified rocks
which resist the point of the pick.
 -- for example, to masses of chert. Whin-dikes, and whin-sills, are
names sometimes given to veins or beds of basalt.

WHINYARD
Whin"yard, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. & Scot. whingar, whinger; perhaps
from AS. winn contention, war + geard, gyrd, a staff, rod, yard; or
cf. AS. hwinan to whistle, E. whine.]

1. A sword, or hanger. [Obs.]

2. Etym: [From the shape of the bill.] (Zoöl)
(a) The shoveler. [Prov. Eng.]
(b) The poachard. [Prov. Eng.]

WHIP
Whip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Whipping.] Etym:
[OE. whippen to overlay, as a cord, with other cords, probably akin
to G. & D. wippen to shake, to move up and down, Sw. vippa, Dan.
vippe to swing to and fro, to shake, to toss up, and L. vibrare to
shake. Cf. Vibrate.]

1. To strike with a lash, a cord, a rod, or anything slender and
lithe; to lash; to beat; as, to whip a horse, or a carpet.

2. To drive with lashes or strokes of a whip; to cause to rotate by
lashing with a cord; as, to whip a top.

3. To punish with a whip, scourge, or rod; to flog; to beat; as, to
whip a vagrant; to whip one with thirty nine lashes; to whip a
perverse boy.
Who, for false quantities, was whipped at school. Dryden.

4. To apply that which hurts keenly to; to lash, as with sarcasm,
abuse, or the like; to apply cutting language to.
They would whip me with their fine wits. Shak.

5. To thrash; to beat out, as grain, by striking; as, to whip wheat.

6. To beat (eggs, cream, or the like) into a froth, as with a whisk,
fork, or the like.

7. To conquer; to defeat, as in a contest or game; to beat; to
surpass. [Slang, U. S.]

8. To overlay (a cord, rope, or the like) with other cords going
round and round it; to overcast, as the edge of a seam; to wrap; --
often with about, around, or over.
Its string is firmly whipped about with small gut. Moxon.

9. To sew lightly; specifically, to form (a fabric) into gathers by
loosely overcasting the rolled edge and drawing up the thread; as, to
whip a ruffle.
In half-whipped muslin needles useless lie. Gay.

10. To take or move by a sudden motion; to jerk; to snatch; -- with
into, out, up, off, and the like.
She, in a hurry, whips up her darling under her arm. L'Estrange.
He whips out his pocketbook every moment, and writes descriptions of
everything he sees. Walpole.

11. (Naut.)
(a) To hoist or purchase by means of a whip.
(b) To secure the end of (a rope, or the like) from untwisting by
overcasting it with small stuff.

12. To fish (a body of water) with a rod and artificial fly, the
motion being that employed in using a whip.
Whipping their rough surface for a trout. Emerson.
To whip in, to drive in, or keep from scattering, as hounds in a
hurt; hence, to collect, or to keep together, as member of a party,
or the like.
 -- To whip the cat. (a) To practice extreme parsimony. [Prov. Eng.]
Forby. (b) To go from house to house working by the day, as itinerant
tailors and carpenters do. [Prov. & U. S.]

WHIP
Whip, v. i.

Defn: To move nimbly; to start or turn suddenly and do something; to
whisk; as, he whipped around the corner.
With speed from thence he whipped. Sackville.
Two friends, traveling, met a bear upon the way; the one whips up a
tree, and the other throws himself flat upon the ground. L'Estrange.

WHIP
Whip, n. Etym: [OE. whippe. See Whip, v. t.]

1. An instrument or driving horses or other animals, or for
correction, consisting usually of a lash attached to a handle, or of
a handle and lash so combined as to form a flexible rod. "[A] whip's
lash." Chaucer.
In his right hand he holds a whip, with which he is supposed to drive
the horses of the sun. Addison.

2. A coachman; a driver of a carriage; as, a good whip. Beaconsfield.

3. (Mach.)
(a) One of the arms or frames of a windmill, on which the sails are
spread.
(b) The length of the arm reckoned from the shaft.

4. (Naut.)
(a) A small tackle with a single rope, used to hoist light bodies.
(b) The long pennant. See Pennant (a)

5. A huntsman who whips in the hounds; whipper-in.

6. (Eng. Politics)
(a) A person (as a member of Parliament) appointed to enforce party
discipline, and secure the attendance of the members of a Parliament
party at any important session, especially when their votes are
needed.
(b) A call made upon members of a Parliament party to be in their
places at a given time, as when a vote is to be taken. Whip and spur,
with the utmost haste.
 -- Whip crane, or Whip purchase, a simple form of crane having a
small drum from which the load is suspended, turned by pulling on a
rope wound around larger drum on the same axle.
 -- Whip gin. See Gin block, under 5th Gin.
 -- Whip grafting. See under Grafting.
 -- Whip hand, the hand with which the whip is used; hence,
advantage; mastery; as, to have or get the whip hand of a person.
Dryden.
 -- Whip ray (Zoöl.), the European eagle ray. See under Ray.
 -- Whip roll (Weaving), a roll or bar, behind the reeds in a loom,
on which the warp threads rest.
 -- Whip scorpion (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of arachnids
belonging to Thelyphonus and allied genera. They somewhat resemble
true scorpions, but have a long, slender bristle, or lashlike organ,
at the end of the body, instead of a sting.
 -- Whip snake (Zoöl.), any one of various species of slender snakes.
Specifically: (a) A bright green South American tree snake
(Philodryas viridissimus) having a long and slender body. It is not
venomous. Called also emerald whip snake. (b) The coachwhip snake.

WHIPCORD
Whip"cord`, n.

Defn: A kind of hard-twisted or braided cord, sometimes used for
making whiplashes.

WHIPGRAFT
Whip"graft`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whipgrafted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Whipgrafting.]

Defn: To graft by cutting the scion and stock in a certain manner.
See Whip grafting, under Grafting.

WHIPLASH
Whip"lash`, n.

Defn: The lash of a whip, -- usually made of thongs of leather, or of
cords, braided or twisted.

WHIPPAREE
Whip`pa*ree", n. (Zoöl.)
(a) A large sting ray (Dasybatis, or Trygon, Sayi) native of the
Southern United States. It is destitute of large spines on the body
and tail.
(b) A large sting ray (Rhinoptera bonasus, or R. quadriloba) of the
Atlantic coast of the United States. Its snout appears to be four-
lobed when viewed in front, whence it is also called cow-nosed ray.

WHIPPER
Whip"per, n.

1. One who whips; especially, an officer who inflicts the penalty of
legal whipping.

2. One who raises coal or merchandise with a tackle from a chip's
hold. [Eng.]

3. (Spinning)

Defn: A kind of simple willow.

WHIPPERIN
Whip"per*in`, n.

1. A huntsman who keeps the hounds from wandering, and whips them in,
if necessary, to the of chase.

2. Hence, one who enforces the discipline of a party, and urges the
attendance and support of the members on all necessary occasions.

WHIPPERSNAPPER
Whip"per*snap`per, n.

Defn: A diminutive, insignificant, or presumptuous person. [Colloq.]
"Little whippersnappers like you." T. Hughes.

WHIPPING
Whip"ping,

Defn: a & n. from Whip, v. Whipping post, a post to which offenders
are tied, to be legally whipped.

WHIPPLETREE
Whip"ple*tree`, n. Etym: [See Whip, and cf. Whiffletree.]

1. The pivoted or swinging bar to which the traces, or tugs, of a
harness are fastened, and by which a carriage, a plow, or other
implement or vehicle, is drawn; a whiffletree; a swingletree; a
singletree. See Singletree.
[People] cut their own whippletree in the woodlot. Emerson.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The cornel tree. Chaucer.

WHIP-POOR-WILL
Whip"-poor-will`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American bird (Antrostomus vociferus) allied to the
nighthawk and goatsucker; -- so called in imitation of the peculiar
notes which it utters in the evening. [Written also whippowil.]

WHIPSAW
Whip"saw`, n.

Defn: A saw for dividing timber lengthwise, usually set in a frame,
and worked by two persons; also, a fret saw.

WHIP-SHAPED
Whip"-shaped`, a.

Defn: Shaped like the lash of a whip; long, slender, round, and
tapering; as, a whip-shaped root or stem.

WHIPSTAFF
Whip"staff`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A bar attached to the tiller, for convenience in steering.

WHIPSTALK
Whip"stalk`, n.

Defn: A whipstock.

WHIPSTER
Whip"ster, n. Etym: [Whip + -ster.]

Defn: A nimble little fellow; a whippersnapper.
Every puny whipster gets my sword. Shak.

WHIPSTICK
Whip"stick`, n.

Defn: Whip handle; whipstock.

WHIPSTITCH
Whip"stitch`, n.

1. A tailor; -- so called in contempt.

2. Anything hastily put or stitched together; hence, a hasty
composition. [R.] Dryden.

3. (Agric.)

Defn: The act or process of whipstitching.

WHIPSTITCH
Whip"stitch`, v. t. (Agric.)

Defn: To rafter; to plow in ridges, as land. [Eng.]

WHIPSTOCK
Whip"stock`, n.

Defn: The rod or handle to which the lash of a whip is fastened.

WHIPT
Whipt, imp. & p. p. of Whip.

Defn: Whipped.

WHIP-TOM-KELLY
Whip"-tom`-kel"ly, n. Etym: [So called in imitation of its notes.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A vireo (Vireo altiloquus) native of the West Indies and
Florida; -- called also black-whiskered vireo.

WHIPWORM
Whip"worm`, n. Etym: [So called from its shape.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A nematode worm (Trichocephalus dispar) often found parasitic
in the human intestine. Its body is thickened posteriorly, but is
very long and threadlike anteriorly.

WHIR
Whir, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whirred; p. pr. & vb. n. Whirring.] Etym:
[Perhaps of imitative origin; cf. D. hvirre to whirl, and E. hurr,
hurry, whirl.

Defn: To whirl round, or revolve, with a whizzing noise; to fly or
more quickly with a buzzing or whizzing sound; to whiz.
The partridge bursts away on whirring wings. Beattie.

WHIR
Whir, v. t. Etym: [See Whir to whiz.]

Defn: To hurry a long with a whizzing sound. [R.]
This world to me is like a lasting storm, Whirring me from my
friends. Shak.

WHIR
Whir, n.

Defn: A buzzing or whizzing sound produced by rapid or whirling
motion; as, the whir of a partridge; the whir of a spinning wheel.

WHIRL
Whirl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whirled; p. pr. & vb. n. Whirling.] Etym:
[OE. whirlen, probably from the Scand.; cf. Icel. & Sw. hvirfla, Dan.
hvirvle; akin to D. wervelen, G. wirbeln, freq. of the verb seen in
Icel. hverfa to turn. sq. root16. See Wharf, and cf. Warble, Whorl.]

1. To turn round rapidly; to cause to rotate with velocity; to make
to revolve.
He whirls his sword around without delay. Dryden.

2. To remove or carry quickly with, or as with, a revolving motion;
to snatch; to harry. Chaucer.
See, see the chariot, and those rushing wheels, That whirled the
prophet up at Chebar flood. Milton.
The passionate heart of the poet is whirl'd into folly. Tennyson.

WHIRL
Whirl, v. i.

1. To be turned round rapidly; to move round with velocity; to
revolve or rotate with great speed; to gyrate. "The whirling year
vainly my dizzy eyes pursue." J. H. Newman.
The wooden engine flies and whirls about. Dryden.

2. To move hastily or swiftly.
But whirled away to shun his hateful sight. Dryden.

WHIRL
Whirl, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. hvirvel, Sw. hvirfvel, Icel. hvirfill the
crown of the head, G. wirbel whirl, crown of the head, D. wervel. See
Whirl, v. t.]

1. A turning with rapidity or velocity; rapid rotation or
circumvolution; quick gyration; rapid or confusing motion; as, the
whirl of a top; the whirl of a wheel. "In no breathless whirl." J. H.
Newman.
The rapid . . . whirl of things here below interrupt not the
inviolable rest and calmness of the noble beings above. South.

2. Anything that moves with a whirling motion.
He saw Falmouth under gray, iron skies, and whirls of March dust.
Carlyle.

3. A revolving hook used in twisting, as the hooked spindle of a rope
machine, to which the threads to be twisted are attached.

4. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: A whorl. See Whorl.

WHIRLABOUT
Whirl"a*bout`, n.

Defn: Something that whirls or turns about in a rapid manner; a
whirligig.

WHIRLBAT
Whirl"bat`, n.

Defn: Anything moved with a whirl, as preparatory for a blow, or to
augment the force of it; -- applied by poets to the cestus of ancient
boxers.
The whirlbat and the rapid race shall be Reserved for Cæsar. Dryden.

WHIRL-BLAST
Whirl"-blast`, n.

Defn: A whirling blast or wind.
A whirl-blast from behind the hill. Wordsworth.

WHIRLBONE
Whirl"bone`, n. (Anat.)
(a) The huckle bone. [Obs.]
(b) The patella, or kneepan. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

WHIRLER
Whirl"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, whirls.

WHIRLICOTE
Whirl"i*cote, n.

Defn: An open car or chariot. [Obs.]
Of old time coaches were not known in this island, but chariots, or
whirlicotes. Stow.

WHIRLIGIG
Whirl"i*gig, n. Etym: [Whirl + gig.]

1. A child's toy, spun or whirled around like a wheel upon an axis,
or like a top. Johnson.

2. Anything which whirls around, or in which persons or things are
whirled about, as a frame with seats or wooden horses.
With a whirligig of jubilant mosquitoes spinning about each head. G.
W. Cable.

3. A mediæval instrument for punishing petty offenders, being a kind
of wooden cage turning on a pivot, in which the offender was whirled
round with great velocity.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of beetles belonging to Gyrinus and
allied genera. The body is firm, oval or boatlike in form, and
usually dark colored with a bronzelike luster. These beetles live
mostly on the surface of water, and move about with great celerity in
a gyrating, or circular, manner, but they are also able to dive and
swim rapidly. The larva is aquatic. Called also weaver, whirlwig, and
whirlwig beetle.

WHIRLING
Whirl"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Whirl, v. t. Whirling table. (a) (Physics) An
apparatus provided with one or more revolving disks, with weights,
pulleys, and other attachments, for illustrating the phenomena and
laws of centrifugal force, and the like. (b) A potter's wheel.

WHIRLPIT
Whirl"pit`, n.

Defn: A whirlpool. [Obs.] "Raging whirlpits." Sandys.

WHIRLPOOL
Whirl"pool`, n.

1. An eddy or vortex of water; a place in a body of water where the
water moves round in a circle so as to produce a depression or cavity
in the center, into which floating objects may be drawn; any body of
water having a more or less circular motion caused by its flowing in
an irregular channel, by the coming together of opposing currents, or
the like.

2. A sea monster of the whale kind. [Obs.] Spenser.
The Indian Sea breedeth the most and the biggest fishes that are;
among which the whales and whirlpools, called "balænæ," take up in
length as much as four . . . arpents of land. Holland.

WHIRLWIG
Whirl"wig`, n. Etym: [Cf. Earwig.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A whirligig.

WHIRLWIND
Whirl"wind`, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. hvirfilvindr, Sw. hvirfvelvind, Dan.
hvirvelvind, G. wirbelwind. See Whirl, and Wind, n.]

1. A violent windstorm of limited extent, as the tornado,
characterized by an inward spiral motion of the air with an upward
current in the center; a vortex of air. It usually has a rapid
progressive motion.
The swift dark whirlwind that uproots the woods. And drowns the
villages. Bryant.

Note: Some meteorologists apply the word whirlwind to the larger
rotary storm also, such as cyclones.

2. Fig.: A body of objects sweeping violently onward. "The whirlwind
of hounds and hunters." Macaulay.

WHIRRY
Whir"ry, v. i.

Defn: To whir. [Obs.]

WHIRTLE
Whir"tle, n. (Mech.)

Defn: A perforated steel die through which wires or tubes are drawn
to form them.

WHISK
Whisk, n. Etym: [See Whist, n.]

Defn: A game at cards; whist. [Obs.] Taylor (1630).

WHISK
Whisk, n. Etym: [Probably for wisk, and of Scand. origin; cf. Icel.
visk a wisp; akin to Dan. visk, Sw. viska, D. wisch, OHG. wisc, G.
wisch. See Wisp.]

1. The act of whisking; a rapid, sweeping motion, as of something
light; a sudden motion or quick puff.
This first sad whisk Takes off thy dukedom; thou art but an earl. J.
Fletcher.

2. A small bunch of grass, straw, twigs, hair, or the like, used for
a brush; hence, a brush or small besom, as of broom corn.

3. A small culinary instrument made of wire, or the like, for
whisking or beating eggs, cream, etc. Boyle.

4. A kind of cape, forming part of a woman's dress.
My wife in her new lace whisk. Pepys.

5. An impertinent fellow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

6. A plane used by coopers for evening chines.

WHISK
Whisk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whisked; p. pr. & vb. n. Whisking.] Etym:
[Cf. Dan. viske, Sw. viska, G. wischen, D. wisschen. See Whisk, n.]

1. To sweep, brush, or agitate, with a light, rapid motion; as, to
whisk dust from a table; to whisk the white of eggs into a froth.

2. To move with a quick, sweeping motion.
He that walks in gray, whisking his riding rod. J. Fletcher.
I beg she would not impale worms, nor whisk carp out of one element
into another. Walpole.

WHISK
Whisk, v. i.

Defn: To move nimbly at with velocity; to make a sudden agile
movement.

WHISKER
Whisk"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, whisks, or moves with a quick, sweeping
motion.

2. Formerly, the hair of the upper lip; a mustache; -- usually in the
plural.
Hoary whiskers and a forky beard. Pope.

3. pl.

Defn: That part of the beard which grows upon the sides of the face,
or upon the chin, or upon both; as, side whiskers; chin whiskers.

4. A hair of the beard.

5. One of the long, projecting hairs growing at the sides of the
mouth of a cat, or other animal.

6. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: Iron rods extending on either side of the bowsprit, to spread,
or guy out, the stays, etc.

WHISKERED
Whisk"ered, a.

1. Formed into whiskers; furnished with whiskers; having or wearing
whiskers.
Our forefathers, a grave, whiskered race. Cowper.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having elongated hairs, feathers, or bristles on the cheeks.
The whiskered vermin race. Grainger.

WHISKERLESS
Whisk"er*less, a.

Defn: Being without whiskers.

WHISKET
Whis"ket, n. Etym: [Cf. Wisket.]

1. A basket; esp., a straw provender basket. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A small lathe for turning wooden pins.

WHISKEY
Whis"key, n.

Defn: Same as Whisky, a liquor.

WHISKEY; WHISKY
Whis"key, Whis"ky, n.; pl. Whiskeys or Whiskies. Etym: [See Whisk, v.
t. & n.]

Defn: A light carriage built for rapid motion; -- called also tim-
whiskey.

WHISKIN
Whisk"in, n.

Defn: A shallow drinking bowl. [Prov. Eng.] Ray.

WHISKING
Whisk"ing, a.

1. Sweeping along lightly.

2. Large; great. [Prov. Eng.]

WHISKY; WHISKEY
Whis"ky, Whis"key, n. Etym: [Ir. or Gael. uisge water (perhaps akin
to E. wash, water) in uisgebeatha whiskey, properly, water of life.
Cf. Usquebaugh.]

Defn: An intoxicating liquor distilled from grain, potatoes, etc.,
especially in Scotland, Ireland, and the United States. In the United
States, whisky is generally distilled from maize, rye, or wheat, but
in Scotland and Ireland it is often made from malted barley. Bourbon
whisky, corn whisky made in Bourbon County, Kentucky.
 -- Crooked whisky. See under Crooked.
 -- Whisky Jack (Zoöl.), the Canada jay (Perisoreus Canadensis). It
is noted for its fearless and familiar habits when it frequents the
camps of lumbermen in the winter season. Its color is dull grayish
blue, lighter beneath. Called also moose bird.

WHISKYFIED; WHISKEYFIED
Whis"ky*fied, Whis"key*fied, a. Etym: [Whisky + -fy.]

Defn: Drunk with whisky; intoxicated. [Humorous] Thackeray.

WHISKY RING; WHISKEY RING
Whisky, or Whiskey, Ring . (U. S. Hist.)

Defn: A conspiracy of distillers and government officials during the
administration of President Grant to defraud the government of the
excise taxes. The frauds were detected in 1875 through the efforts of
the Secretary of the Treasury. B. H. Bristow, and most of the
offenders were convicted.

WHISP
Whisp, n.

Defn: See Wisp.

WHISP
Whisp, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flock of snipe.

WHISPER
Whis"per, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whispered; p. pr. & vb. n. Whispering.]
Etym: [AS. hwisprian; akin to G. wispern, wispeln, OHG. hwispal,
Icel. hviskra, Sw. hviska, Dan. hviske; of imitative origin. Cf.
Whistle.]

1. To speak softly, or under the breath, so as to be heard only by
one near at hand; to utter words without sonant breath; to talk
without that vibration in the larynx which gives sonorous, or vocal,
sound. See Whisper, n.

2. To make a low, sibilant sound or noise.
The hollow, whispering breeze. Thomson.

3. To speak with suspicion, or timorous caution; to converse in
whispers, as in secret plotting.
All that hate me whisper together against me. Ps. xli. 7.

WHISPER
Whis"per, v. t.

1. To utter in a low and nonvocal tone; to say under the breath;
hence, to mention privately and confidentially, or in a whisper.
They might buzz and whisper it one to another. Bentley.

2. To address in a whisper, or low voice. [Archaic]
And whisper one another in the ear. Shak.
Where gentlest breezes whisper souls distressed. Keble.

3. To prompt secretly or cautiously; to inform privately. [Obs.] "He
came to whisper Wolsey." Shak.

WHISPER
Whis"per, n.

1. A low, soft, sibilant voice or utterance, which can be heard only
by those near at hand; voice or utterance that employs only breath
sound without tone, friction against the edges of the vocal cords and
arytenoid cartilages taking the place of the vibration of the cords
that produces tone; sometimes, in a limited sense, the sound produced
by such friction as distinguished from breath sound made by friction
against parts of the mouth. See Voice, n., 2, and Guide to
Pronunciation, §§ 5, 153, 154.
The inward voice or whisper can not give a tone. Bacon.
Soft whispers through the assembly went. Dryden.

2. A cautious or timorous speech. South.

3. Something communicated in secret or by whispering; a suggestion or
insinuation.

4. A low, sibilant sound. "The whispers of the leaves." Tennyson.

WHISPERER
Whis"per*er, n.

1. One who whispers.

2. A tattler; one who tells secrets; a conveyer of intelligence
secretly; hence; a backbiter; one who slanders secretly. Prov. xvi.
28.

WHISPERING
Whis"per*ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Whisper. v. t. Whispering gallery, or Whispering
dome, one of such a form that sounds produced in certain parts of it
are concentrated by reflection from the walls to another part, so
that whispers or feeble sounds are audible at a much greater distance
than under ordinary circumstances.

WHISPERINGLY
Whis"per*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a whisper, or low voice; in a whispering manner; with
whispers. Tennyson.

WHISPEROUSLY
Whis"per*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Whisperingly. [R.]

WHIST
Whist, interj. Etym: [Cf. G. st! pst! bst! Hist.]

Defn: Be silent; be still; hush; silence.

WHIST
Whist, n. Etym: [From Whist, interj.]

Defn: A certain game at cards; -- so called because it requires
silence and close attention. It is played by four persons (those who
sit opposite each other being partners) with a complete pack of
fifty-two cards. Each player has thirteen cards, and when these are
played out, he hand is finished, and the cards are again shuffled and
distributed.

Note: Points are scored for the tricks taken in excess of six, and
for the honors held. In long whist, now seldom played, ten points
make the game; in short whist, now usually played in England, five
points make the game. In American whist, so-called, honors are not
counted, and seven points by tricks make the game.

WHIST
Whist, v. t. Etym: [From Whist, interj.]

Defn: To hush or silence. [Obs.] Spenser.

WHIST
Whist, v. i.

Defn: To be or become silent or still; to be hushed or mute. [R.]
Surrey.

WHIST
Whist, a. Etym: [Properly p. p. of whist, v.]

Defn: Not speaking; not making a noise; silent; mute; still; quiet.
"So whist and dead a silence." Sir J. Harrington.
The winds, with wonder whist, Smoothly the waters kissed. Milton.

Note: This adjective generally follows its noun, or is used
predicatively.

WHISTLE
Whis"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whistled; p. pr. & vb. n. Whistling.]
Etym: [AS. hwistlian; akin to Sw. hvissla, Dan. hvisle, Icel. hvisla
to whisper, and E. whisper. Whisper.]

1. To make a kind of musical sound, or series of sounds, by forcing
the breath through a small orifice formed by contracting the lips;
also, to emit a similar sound, or series of notes, from the mouth or
beak, as birds.
The weary plowman leaves the task of day, And, trudging homeward,
whistles on the way. Gay.

2. To make a shrill sound with a wind or steam instrument, somewhat
like that made with the lips; to blow a sharp, shrill tone.

3. To sound shrill, or like a pipe; to make a sharp, shrill sound;
as, a bullet whistles through the air.
The wild winds whistle, and the billows roar. Pope.

WHISTLE
Whis"tle, v. t.

1. To form, utter, or modulate by whistling; as, to whistle a tune or
an air.

2. To send, signal, or call by a whistle.
He chanced to miss his dog; we stood still till he had whistled him
up. Addison.
To whistle off. (a) To dismiss by a whistle; -- a term in hawking.
"AS a long-winged hawk when he is first whistled off the fist, mounts
aloft." Burton. (b) Hence, in general, to turn loose; to abandon; to
dismiss.
I 'ld whistle her off, and let her down the wind To prey at fortune.
Shak.

Note: "A hawk seems to have been usually sent off in this way,
against the wind when sent in search of prey; with or down the wind,
when turned loose, and abandoned." Nares.

WHISTLE
Whis"tle, n. Etym: [AS. hwistle a pipe, flute, whistle. See Whistle,
v. i.]

1. A sharp, shrill, more or less musical sound, made by forcing the
breath through a small orifice of the lips, or through or instrument
which gives a similar sound; the sound used by a sportsman in calling
his dogs; the shrill note of a bird; as, the sharp whistle of a boy,
or of a boatswain's pipe; the blackbird's mellow whistle.
Might we but hear The folded flocks, penned in their wattled cotes, .
. . Or whistle from the lodge. Milton.
The countryman could not forbear smiling, . . . and by that means
lost his whistle. Spectator.
They fear his whistle, and forsake the seas. Dryden.

2. The shrill sound made by wind passing among trees or through
crevices, or that made by bullet, or the like, passing rapidly
through the air; the shrill noise (much used as a signal, etc.) made
by steam or gas escaping through a small orifice, or impinging
against the edge of a metallic bell or cup.

3. An instrument in which gas or steam forced into a cavity, or
against a thin edge, produces a sound more or less like that made by
one who whistles through the compressed lips; as, a child's whistle;
a boatswain's whistle; a steam whistle (see Steam whistle, under
Steam).
The bells she jingled, and the whistle blew. Pope.

4. The mouth and throat; -- so called as being the organs of
whistling. [Colloq.]
So was her jolly whistle well ywet. Chaucer.
Let's drink the other cup to wet our whistles. Walton.
Whistle duck (Zoöl.), the American golden-eye.

WHISTLEFISH
Whis"tle*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gossat, or rockling; -- called also whistler, three-bearded
rockling, sea loach, and sorghe.

WHISTLER
Whis"tler, n. Etym: [AS. hwistlere.]

1. One who, or that which, whistles, or produces or a whistling
sound.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) The ring ousel.
(b) The widgeon. [Prov. Eng.]
(c) The golden-eye.
(d) The golden plover and the gray plover.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hoary, or northern, marmot (Arctomys pruinosus).

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The whistlefish.

WHISTLEWING
Whis"tle*wing`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American golden-eye.

WHISTLEWOOD
Whis"tle*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The moosewood, or striped maple. See Maple.

WHISTLING
Whis"tling,

Defn: a. & n. from Whistle, v. Whistling buoy. (Naut.) See under
Buoy.
 -- Whistling coot (Zoöl.), the American black scoter.
 -- Whistling Dick. (Zoöl.) (a) An Australian shrike thrush
(Colluricincla Selbii). (b) The song thrush. [Prov. Eng.] --
Whistling duck. (Zoöl.) (a) The golden-eye. (b) A tree duck.
 -- Whistling eagle (Zoöl.), a small Australian eagle (Haliastur
sphenurus); -- called also whistling hawk, and little swamp eagle.
 -- Whistling plover. (Zoöl.) (a) The golden plover. (b) The black-
bellied, or gray, plover.
 -- Whistling snipe (Zoöl.), the American woodcock.
 -- Whistling swan. (Zoöl.) (a) The European whooper swan; -- called
also wild swan, and elk. (b) An American swan (Olor columbianus). See
under Swan.
 -- Whistling teal (Zoöl.), a tree duck, as Dendrocygna awsuree of
India.
 -- Whistling thrush. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of
singing birds of the genus Myiophonus, native of Asia, Australia, and
the East Indies. They are generally black, glossed with blue, and
have a patch of bright blue on each shoulder. Their note is a loud
and clear whistle. (b) The song thrush. [Prov. Eng.]

WHISTLINGLY
Whis"tling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a whistling manner; shrilly.

WHISTLY
Whist"ly, adv.

Defn: In a whist manner; silently. [Obs.]

WHIT
Whit, n. Etym: [OE. wight, wiht, AS. wiht a creature, a thing. See
Wight, and cf. Aught, Naught.]

Defn: The smallest part or particle imaginable; a bit; a jot; an
iota; -- generally used in an adverbial phrase in a negative
sentence. "Samuel told him every whit." 1 Sam. iii. 18. "Every whit
as great." South.
So shall I no whit be behind in duty. Shak.
It does not me a whit displease. Cowley.

WHITE
White, a. [Compar. Whiter; superl. Whitest.] Etym: [OE. whit, AS. hw;
akin to OFries. and OS. hwit, D. wit, G. weiss, OHG. wiz, hwiz, Icel.
hvitr, Sw. hvit, Dan. hvid, Goth. hweits, Lith. szveisti, to make
bright, Russ. sviet' light, Skr. white, to be bright. Wheat,
Whitsunday.]

1. Reflecting to the eye all the rays of the spectrum combined; not
tinted with any of the proper colors or their mixtures; having the
color of pure snow; snowy; -- the opposite of Ant: black or dark; as,
white paper; a white skin. "Pearls white." Chaucer.
White as the whitest lily on a stream. Longfellow.

2. Destitute of color, as in the cheeks, or of the tinge of blood
color; pale; pallid; as, white with fear.
Or whispering with white lips, "The foe! They come! they come!"
Byron.

3. Having the color of purity; free from spot or blemish, or from
guilt or pollution; innocent; pure.
White as thy fame, and as thy honor clear. Dryden.
No whiter page than Addison's remains. Pope.

4. Gray, as from age; having silvery hair; hoary.
Your high engendered battles 'gainst a head So old and white as this.
Shak.

5. Characterized by freedom from that which disturbs, and the like;
fortunate; happy; favorable.
On the whole, however, the dominie reckoned this as one of the white
days of his life. Sir W. Scott.

6. Regarded with especial favor; favorite; darling.
Come forth, my white spouse. Chaucer.
I am his white boy, and will not be gullet. Ford.

Note: White is used in many self-explaining compounds, as white-
backed, white-bearded, white-footed. White alder. (Bot.) See Sweet
pepper bush, under Pepper.
 -- White ant (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of social
pseudoneuropterous insects of the genus Termes. These insects are
very abundant in tropical countries, and form large and complex
communities consisting of numerous asexual workers of one or more
kinds, of large-headed asexual individuals called soldiers, of one or
more queens (or fertile females) often having the body enormously
distended by the eggs, and, at certain seasons of numerous winged
males, together with the larvæ and pupæ of each kind in various
stages of development. Many of the species construct large and
complicated nests, sometimes in the form of domelike structures
rising several feet above the ground and connected with extensive
subterranean galleries and chambers. In their social habits they
closely resemble the true ants. They feed upon animal and vegetable
substances of various kinds, including timber, and are often very
destructive to buildings and furniture.
 -- White arsenic (Chem.), arsenious oxide, As2O3, a substance of a
white color, and vitreous adamantine luster, having an astringent,
sweetish taste. It is a deadly poison.
 -- White bass (Zoöl.), a fresh-water North American bass (Roccus
chrysops) found in the Great Likes.
 -- White bear (Zoöl.), the polar bear. See under Polar.
 -- White blood cell. (Physiol.) See Leucocyte.
 -- White brand (Zoöl.), the snow goose.
 -- White brass, a white alloy of copper; white copper.
 -- White campion. (Bot.) (a) A kind of catchfly (Silene stellata)
with white flowers. (b) A white-flowered Lychnis (Lychnis
vespertina).
 -- White canon (R. C. Ch.), a Premonstratensian.
 -- White caps, the members of a secret organization in various of
the United States, who attempt to drive away or reform obnoxious
persons by lynch-law methods. They appear masked in white.
 -- White cedar (Bot.), an evergreen tree of North America (Thuja
occidentalis), also the related Cupressus thyoides, or Chamæcyparis
sphæroidea, a slender evergreen conifer which grows in the so-called
cedar swamps of the Northern and Atlantic States. Both are much
valued for their durable timber. In California the name is given to
the Libocedrus decurrens, the timber of which is also useful, though
often subject to dry rot. Goodale. The white cedar of Demerara,
Guiana, etc., is a lofty tree (Icica, or Bursera, altissima) whose
fragrant wood is used for canoes and cabinetwork, as it is not
attacked by insect.
 -- White cell. (Physiol.) See Leucocyte.
 -- White cell-blood (Med.), leucocythæmia.
 -- White clover (Bot.), a species of small perennial clover bearing
white flowers. It furnishes excellent food for cattle and horses, as
well as for the honeybee. See also under Clover.
 -- White copper, a whitish alloy of copper. See German silver, under
German.
 -- White copperas (Min.), a native hydrous sulphate of iron;
coquimbite.
 -- White coral (Zoöl.), an ornamental branched coral (Amphihelia
oculata) native of the Mediterranean.
 -- White corpuscle. (Physiol.) See Leucocyte.
 -- White cricket (Zoöl.), the tree cricket.
 -- White crop, a crop of grain which loses its green color, or
becomes white, in ripening, as wheat, rye, barley, and oats, as
distinguished from a green crop, or a root crop.
 -- White currant (Bot.), a variety of the common red currant, having
white berries.
 -- White daisy (Bot.), the oxeye daisy. See under Daisy.
 -- White damp, a kind of poisonous gas encountered in coal mines.
Raymond.
 -- White elephant (Zoöl.), a whitish, or albino, variety of the
Asiatic elephant.
 -- White elm (Bot.), a majestic tree of North America (Ulmus
Americana), the timber of which is much used for hubs of wheels, and
for other purposes.
 -- White ensign. See Saint George's ensign, under Saint.
 -- White feather, a mark or symbol of cowardice. See To show the
white feather, under Feather, n.
 -- White fir (Bot.), a name given to several coniferous trees of the
Pacific States, as Abies grandis, and A. concolor.
 -- White flesher (Zoöl.), the ruffed grouse. See under Ruffed.
[Canada] -- White frost. See Hoarfrost.
 -- White game (Zoöl.), the white ptarmigan.
 -- White garnet (Min.), leucite.
 -- White grass (Bot.), an American grass (Leersia Virginica) with
greenish-white paleæ.
 -- White grouse. (Zoöl.) (a) The white ptarmigan. (b) The prairie
chicken. [Local, U. S.] -- White grub (Zoöl.), the larva of the June
bug and other allied species. These grubs eat the roots of grasses
and other plants, and often do much damage.
 -- White hake (Zoöl.), the squirrel hake. See under Squirrel.
 -- White hawk, or kite (Zoöl.), the hen harrier.
 -- White heat, the temperature at which bodies become incandescent,
and appear white from the bright light which they emit.
 -- White hellebore (Bot.), a plant of the genus Veratrum (V. album)
See Hellebore, 2.
 -- White herring, a fresh, or unsmoked, herring, as distinguished
from a red, or cured, herring. [R.] Shak.
 -- White hoolet (Zoöl.), the barn owl. [Prov. Eng.] -- White horses
(Naut.), white-topped waves; whitecaps.
 -- The White House. See under House.
 -- White ibis (Zoöl.), an American ibis (Guara alba) having the
plumage pure white, except the tips of the wings, which are black. It
inhabits tropical America and the Southern United States. Called also
Spanish curlew.
 -- White iron. (a) Thin sheets of iron coated with tin; tinned iron.
(b) A hard, silvery-white cast iron containing a large proportion of
combined carbon.
 -- White iron pyrites (Min.), marcasite.
 -- White land, a tough clayey soil, of a whitish hue when dry, but
blackish after rain. [Eng.] -- White lark (Zoöl.), the snow bunting.
 -- White lead. (a) A carbonate of lead much used in painting, and
for other purposes; ceruse. (b) (Min.) Native lead carbonate;
cerusite.
 -- White leather, buff leather; leather tanned with alum and salt.
 -- White leg (Med.), milk leg. See under Milk.
 -- White lettuce (Bot.), rattlesnake root. See under Rattlesnake.
 -- White lie. See under Lie.
 -- White light. (a) (Physics) Light having the different colors in
the same proportion as in the light coming directly from the sun,
without having been decomposed, as by passing through a prism. See
the Note under Color, n., 1. (b) A kind of firework which gives a
brilliant white illumination for signals, etc.
 -- White lime, a solution or preparation of lime for whitewashing;
whitewash.
 -- White line (Print.), a void space of the breadth of a line, on a
printed page; a blank line.
 -- White meat. (a) Any light-colored flesh, especially of poultry.
(b) Food made from milk or eggs, as butter, cheese, etc.
Driving their cattle continually with them, and feeding only upon
their milk and white meats. Spenser.
-- White merganser (Zoöl.), the smew.
 -- White metal. (a) Any one of several white alloys, as pewter,
britannia, etc. (b) (Metal.) A fine grade of copper sulphide obtained
at a certain stage in copper smelting.
 -- White miller. (Zoöl.) (a) The common clothes moth. (b) A common
American bombycid moth (Spilosoma Virginica) which is pure white with
a few small black spots; -- called also ermine moth, and virgin moth.
See Woolly bear, under Woolly.
 -- White money, silver money.
 -- White mouse (Zoöl.), the albino variety of the common mouse.
 -- White mullet (Zoöl.), a silvery mullet (Mugil curema) ranging
from the coast of the United States to Brazil; -- called also blue-
back mullet, and liza.
 -- White nun (Zoöl.), the smew; -- so called from the white crest
and the band of black feathers on the back of its head, which give
the appearance of a hood.
 -- White oak. (Bot.) See under Oak.
 -- White owl. (Zoöl.) (a) The snowy owl. (b) The barn owl.
 -- White partridge (Zoöl.), the white ptarmigan.
 -- White perch. (Zoöl.) (a) A North American fresh-water bass
(Morone Americana) valued as a food fish. (b) The croaker, or fresh-
water drum. (c) Any California surf fish.
 -- White pine. (Bot.) See the Note under Pine.
 -- White poplar (Bot.), a European tree (Populus alba) often
cultivated as a shade tree in America; abele.
 -- White poppy (Bot.), the opium-yielding poppy. See Poppy.
 -- White powder, a kind of gunpowder formerly believed to exist, and
to have the power of exploding without noise. [Obs.]
A pistol charged with white powder. Beau. & Fl.
-- White precipitate. (Old Chem.) See under Precipitate.
 -- White rabbit. (Zoöl.) (a) The American northern hare in its
winter pelage. (b) An albino rabbit.
 -- White rent, (a) (Eng. Law) Formerly, rent payable in silver; --
opposed to black rent. See Blackmail, n., 3. (b) A rent, or duty, of
eight pence, payable yearly by every tinner in Devon and Cornwall to
the Duke of Cornwall, as lord of the soil. [Prov. Eng.] -- White
rhinoceros. (Zoöl.) (a) The one-horned, or Indian, rhinoceros
(Rhinoceros Indicus). See Rhinoceros. (b) The umhofo.
 -- White ribbon, the distinctive badge of certain organizations for
the promotion of temperance or of moral purity; as, the White-ribbon
Army.
 -- White rope (Naut.), untarred hemp rope.
 -- White rot. (Bot.) (a) Either of several plants, as marsh
pennywort and butterwort, which were thought to produce the disease
called rot in sheep. (b) A disease of grapes. See White rot, under
Rot.
 -- White sage (Bot.), a white, woolly undershrub (Eurotia lanata) of
Western North America; -- called also winter fat.
 -- White salmon (Zoöl.), the silver salmon.
 -- White salt, salt dried and calcined; decrepitated salt.
 -- White scale (Zoöl.), a scale insect (Aspidiotus Nerii) injurious
to the orange tree. See Orange scale, under Orange.
 -- White shark (Zoöl.), a species of man-eating shark. See under
Shark.
 -- White softening. (Med.) See Softening of the brain, under
Softening.
 -- White spruce. (Bot.) See Spruce, n., 1.
 -- White squall (Naut.), a sudden gust of wind, or furious blow,
which comes up without being marked in its approach otherwise than by
whitecaps, or white, broken water, on the surface of the sea.
 -- White staff, the badge of the lord high treasurer of England.
Macaulay.
 -- White stork (Zoöl.), the common European stork.
 -- White sturgeon. (Zoöl.) See Shovelnose (d).
 -- White sucker. (Zoöl.) (a) The common sucker. (b) The common red
horse (Moxostoma macrolepidotum).
 -- White swelling (Med.), a chronic swelling of the knee, produced
by a strumous inflammation of the synovial membranes of the kneejoint
and of the cancellar texture of the end of the bone forming the
kneejoint; -- applied also to a lingering chronic swelling of almost
any kind.
 -- White tombac. See Tombac.
 -- White trout (Zoöl.), the white weakfish, or silver squeteague
(Cynoscion nothus), of the Southern United States.
 -- White vitriol (Chem.), hydrous sulphate of zinc. See White
vitriol, under Vitriol.
 -- White wagtail (Zoöl.), the common, or pied, wagtail.
 -- White wax, beeswax rendered white by bleaching.
 -- White whale (Zoöl.), the beluga.
 -- White widgeon (Zoöl.), the smew.
 -- White wine. any wine of a clear, transparent color, bordering on
white, as Madeira, sherry, Lisbon, etc.; -- distinguished from wines
of a deep red color, as port and Burgundy. "White wine of Lepe."
Chaucer.
 -- White witch, a witch or wizard whose supernatural powers are
supposed to be exercised for good and beneficent purposes. Addison.
Cotton Mather.
 -- White wolf. (Zoöl.) (a) A light-colored wolf (Canis laniger)
native of Thibet; -- called also chanco, golden wolf, and Thibetan
wolf. (b) The albino variety of the gray wolf.
 -- White wren (Zoöl.), the willow warbler; -- so called from the
color of the under parts.

WHITE
White, n.

1. The color of pure snow; one of the natural colors of bodies, yet
not strictly a color, but a composition of all colors; the opposite
of black; whiteness. See the Note under Color, n., 1.
Finely attired in a of white. Shak.

2. Something having the color of snow; something white, or nearly so;
as, the white of the eye.

3. Specifically, the central part of the butt in archery, which was
formerly painted white; the center of a mark at which a missile is
shot.
'T was I won the wager, though you hit the white. Shak.

4. A person with a white skin; a member of the white, or Caucasian,
races of men.

5. A white pigment; as, Venice white.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of butterflies belonging to Pieris,
and allied genera in which the color is usually white. See Cabbage
butterfly, under Cabbage. Black and white. See under Black.
 -- Flake white, Paris white, etc. See under Flack, Paris, etc.
 -- White of a seed (Bot.), the albumen. See Albumen, 2.
 -- White of egg, the viscous pellucid fluid which surrounds the yolk
in an egg, particularly in the egg of a fowl. In a hen's egg it is
alkaline, and contains about 86 per cent of water and 14 per cent of
solid matter, the greater portion of which is egg albumin. It
likewise contains a small amount of globulin, and traces of fats and
sugar, with some inorganic matter. Heated above 60º C. it coagulates
to a solid mass, owing to the albumin which it contains. Parr.
 -- White of the eye (Anat.), the white part of the ball of the eye
surrounding the transparent cornea.

WHITE
White, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whited; p. pr. & vb. n. Whiting.] Etym:
[AS. hwitan.]

Defn: To make white; to whiten; to whitewash; to bleach.
Whited sepulchers, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are
within full of . . . uncleanness. Matt. xxiii. 27.
So as no fuller on earth can white them. Mark. ix. 3.

WHITEBACK
White"back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The canvasback.

WHITEBAIT
White"bait`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The young of several species of herrings, especially of the
common herring, esteemed a great delicacy by epicures in England.
(b) A small translucent fish (Salanx Chinensis) abundant at certain
seasons on the coasts of China and Japan, and used in the same manner
as the European whitebait.

WHITEBEAM
White"beam`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The common beam tree of England (Pyrus Aria); -- so called from
the white, woolly under surface of the leaves.

WHITEBEARD
White"beard`, n.

Defn: An old man; a graybeard.

WHITEBELLY
White"bel`ly, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The American widgeon, or baldpate.
(b) The prairie chicken.

WHITEBILL
White"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American coot.

WHITE-BLAZE
White"-blaze`, n.

Defn: See White-face.

WHITEBLOW
White"blow`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Whitlow grass, under Whitlow.

WHITEBOY
White"boy`, n.

1. A favorite. [Obs.] See White, a., 6. "One of God's whiteboys."
Bunyan.

2. One of an association of poor Roman catholics which arose in
Ireland about 1760, ostensibly to resist the collection of tithes,
the members of which were so called from the white shirts they wore
in their nocturnal raids.

WHITEBOYISM
White"boy`ism, n.

Defn: The conduct or principle of the Whiteboys.

WHITECAP
White"cap`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) The European redstart; -- so called from its white forehead.
(b) The whitethroat; -- so called from its gray head.
(c) The European tree sparrow.

2. A wave whose crest breaks into white foam, as when the wind is
freshening.

WHITECOAT
White"coat`, n.

Defn: The skin of a newborn seal; also, the seal itself. [Sealers'
Cant]

WHITE-EAR
White"-ear`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wheatear.

WHITE ELEPHANT
White elephant.

Defn: Something requiring much care and expense and yielding little
profit; any burdensome possession. [Slang]

WHITE-EYE
White"-eye`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small Old World singing of the
genus Zosterops, as Zosterops palpebrosus of India, and Z.
coerulescens of Australia. The eyes are encircled by a ring of white
feathers, whence the name. Called also bush creeper, and white-eyed
tit.

WHITE-FACE
White"-face`, n.

Defn: A white mark in the forehead of a horse, descending almost to
the nose; -- called also white-blaze.

WHITEFISH
White"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of several species of Coregonus, a genus of excellent
food fishes allied to the salmons. They inhabit the lakes of the
colder parts of North America, Asia, and Europe. The largest and most
important American species (C. clupeiformis) is abundant in the Great
Lakes, and in other lakes farther north. Called also lake whitefish,
and Oswego bass.
(b) The menhaden.
(c) The beluga, or white whale.

Note: Various other fishes are locally called whitefish, as the
silver salmon, the whiting (a), the yellowtail, and the young of the
bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix).

WHITEFLAW
White"flaw`, n. Etym: [See Whitlow.] (Med.)

Defn: A whitlow. [Obs.] Holland.

WHITE FLY
White fly.

Defn: Any one of numerous small injurious hemipterous insects of the
genus Aleyrodes, allied to scale insects. They are usually covered
with a white or gray powder.

WHITE-FOOT
White"-foot`, n. (Far.)

Defn: A white mark on the foot of a horse, between the fetlock and
the coffin.

WHITE FRIAR
White" fri`ar. (Eccl.)

Defn: A mendicant monk of the Carmelite order, so called from the
white cloaks worn by the order. See Carmelite.

WHITE-FRONTED
White`-front"ed, a.

Defn: Having a white front; as, the white-fronted lemur. White-
fronted goose (Zoöl.), the white brant, or snow goose. See Snow
goose, under Snow.

WHITEHEAD
White"head`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The blue-winged snow goose.
(b) The surf scoter.

WHITEHEAD TORPEDO; WHITEHEAD
White"head` tor*pe"do, or White"head`, n.

Defn: A form of self-propelling torpedo.

WHITE-HEART
White"-heart`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A somewhat heart-shaped cherry with a whitish skin.

WHITE HORSE
White horse.

Defn: A large mass of tough sinewy substance in the head of sperm
whales, just above the upper jaw and extending in streaks into the
junk above it. It resembles blubber, but contains no oil. Also, the
part of the head in which it occurs.

WHITE-HOT
White"-hot`, a.

Defn: White with heat; heated to whiteness, or incandescence.

WHITE-LIMED
White"-limed`, a.

Defn: Whitewashed or plastered with lime. "White-limed walls." Shak.

WHITE LIST
White list.
 (a) A list of business concerns regarded as worthy of patronage by
reason of compliance with certain conditions, as in regard to
treatment of employees; as, the white list of the Consumers' League.
[Cant]
 (b) (New York Stock Exchange) The official list of all transactions,
published daily on white paper, divided into sales from 10 to 12, 12
to 2, and 2 to 3.

WHITE-LIVERED
White"-liv`ered, a.

Defn: Having a pale look; feeble; hence, cowardly; pusillanimous;
dastardly.
They must not be milksops, nor white-livered knights. Latimer.

WHITELY
White"ly, a.

Defn: Like, or coming near to, white. [Obs.]

WHITE MUSTARD
White mustard.

Defn: A kind of mustard (Sinapis alba) with rough-hairy foliage, a
long-beaked hispid pod, and pale seeds, which yield mustard and
mustard oil. The plant is also grown for forage.

WHITEN
Whit"en, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whitened; p. pr. & vb. n. Whitening.]
Etym: [OE. whitenen; cf. Icel. hvitna.]

Defn: To grow white; to turn or become white or whiter; as, the hair
whitens with age; the sea whitens with foam; the trees in spring
whiten with blossoms.

WHITEN
Whit"en, v. t.

Defn: To make white; to bleach; to blanch; to whitewash; as, to
whiten a wall; to whiten cloth.
The broad stream of the Foyle then whitened by vast flocks of wild
swans. Macaulay.

Syn.
 -- See Blanch.

WHITENER
Whit"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, whitens; a bleacher; a blancher; a
whitewasher.

WHITENESS
White"ness, n. Etym: [AS. hwitness.]

1. The quality or state of being white; white color, or freedom from
darkness or obscurity on the surface. Chaucer.

2. Want of a sanguineous tinge; paleness; as from terror, grief, etc.
"The whiteness in thy cheek." Shak.

3. Freedom from stain or blemish; purity; cleanness.
He had kept The whiteness of his soul, and thus men o'er him wept.
Byron.

4. Nakedness. [Obs.] Chapman.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flock of swans.

WHITENING
Whit"en*ing, n.

1. The act or process of making or becoming white.

2. That which is used to render white; whiting. [R.] Whitening stone,
a sharpening and polishing stone used by cutlers; also, a finishing
grindstone of fine texture.

WHITE PERSON
White person.

Defn: A person of the Caucasian race (6 Fed. Rep. 256). In the time
of slavery in the United States white person was generally construed
as a person without admixture of colored blood. In various statutes
and decisions in different States since 1865 white person is
construed as in effect: one not having any negro blood (Ark., Okla.);
one having less than one eighth of negro blood (Ala., Fla., Ga.,
Ind., Ky., Md., Minn., Miss., Mo., N.C., S.C., Tenn., Tex.); one
having less than one fourth (Mich., Neb., Ore., Va.); one having less
than one half (Ohio).

WHITE PLAGUE
White plague.

Defn: Tuberculosis, esp. of the lungs.

WHITE-POT
White"-pot`, n.

Defn: A kind of food made of milk or cream, eggs, sugar, bread, etc.,
baked in a pot. King.

WHITERUMP
White"rump`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American black-tailed godwit.

WHITES
Whites, n. pl.

1. (Med.)

Defn: Leucorrh

2. The finest flour made from white wheat.

3. Cloth or garments of a plain white color.

WHITESIDE
White"side`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The golden-eye.

WHITE SLAVE
White slave.

Defn: A woman held in involuntary confinement for purposes of
prostitution; loosely, any woman forced into unwilling prostitution.

WHITE SLAVER
White slaver.

Defn: A person engaged in procuring or holding a woman or women for
unwilling prostitution.

WHITE SLAVING
White slaving.

Defn: The action of one who procures or holds a woman or women for
unwilling prostitution.

WHITESMITH
White"smith`, n.

1. One who works in tinned or galvanized iron, or white iron; a
tinsmith.

2. A worker in iron who finishes or polishes the work, in distinction
from one who forges it.

WHITESTER
White"ster, n. Etym: [White + -ster.]

Defn: A bleacher of lines; a whitener; a whitster. [Prov. Eng.]

WHITETAIL
White"tail`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Virginia deer.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wheatear. [Prov. Eng.]

WHITETHORN
White"thorn`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The hawthorn.

WHITETHROAT
White"throat`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of Old World warblers, esp. the
common European species (Sylvia cinerea), called also strawsmear,
nettlebird, muff, and whitecap, the garden whitethroat, or golden
warbler (S. hortensis), and the lesser whitethroat (S. curruca).

WHITETOP
White"top`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Fiorin.

WHITEWALL
White"wall`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The spotted flycatcher; -- so called from the white color of
the under parts. [Prov. Eng.]

WHITEWASH
White"wash` (, n.

1. Any wash or liquid composition for whitening something, as a wash
for making the skin fair. Addison.

2. A composition of line and water, or of whiting size, and water, or
the like, used for whitening walls, ceilings, etc.; milk of lime.

WHITEWASH
White"wash`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whitewashed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Whitewashing.]

1. To apply a white liquid composition to; to whiten with whitewash.

2. To make white; to give a fair external appearance to; to clear
from imputations or disgrace; hence, to clear (a bankrupt) from
obligation to pay debts.

WHITEWASHER
White"wash`er, n.

Defn: One who whitewashes.

WHITE-WATER
White"-wa`ter, n. (Far.)

Defn: A dangerous disease of sheep.

WHITEWEED
White"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial composite herb (Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum) with
conspicuous white rays and a yellow disk, a common weed in grass
lands and pastures; -- called also oxeye daisy.

WHITEWING
White"wing`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The chaffinch; -- so called from the white bands on the wing.
(b) The velvet duck.

WHITEWOOD
White"wood`, n.

Defn: The soft and easily-worked wood of the tulip tree
(Liriodendron). It is much used in cabinetwork, carriage building,
etc.

Note: Several other kinds of light-colored wood are called whitewood
in various countries, as the wood of Bignonia leucoxylon in the West
Indies, of Pittosporum bicolor in Tasmania, etc. Whitewood bark. See
the Note under Canella.

WHITEWORT
White"wort`, n. (Bot.)
(a) Wild camomile.
(b) A kind of Solomon's seal (Polygonum officinale).

WHITFLAW
Whit"flaw`, n. Etym: [See Whitlow.]

Defn: Whitlow. [Obs.] "The nails fallen off by whitflaws." Herrick.

WHITHER
Whith"er, adv. Etym: [OE. whider. AS. hwider; akin to E. where, who;
cf. Goth. hvadre whither. See Who, and cf. Hither, Thither.]

1. To what place; -- used interrogatively; as, whither goest thou
"Whider may I flee" Chaucer.
Sir Valentine, whither away so fast Shak.

2. To what or which place; -- used relatively.
That no man should know . . . whither that he went. Chaucer.
We came unto the land whither thou sentest us. Num. xiii. 27.

3. To what point, degree, end, conclusion, or design; whereunto;
whereto; -- used in a sense not physical.
Nor have I . . . whither to appeal. Milton.
Any whither, to any place; anywhere. [Obs.] "Any whither, in hope of
life eternal." Jer. Taylor.
 -- No whither, to no place; nowhere. [Obs.] 2 Kings v. 25.

Syn.
 -- Where.
 -- Whither, Where. Whither properly implies motion to place, and
where rest in a place. Whither is now, however, to a great extent,
obsolete, except in poetry, or in compositions of a grave and serious
character and in language where precision is required. Where has
taken its place, as in the question, "Where are you going"

WHITHERSOEVER
Whith`er*so*ev"er, adv. Etym: [Whither + soever.]

Defn: To whatever place; to what place soever; wheresoever; as, I
will go whithersoever you lead.

WHITHERWARD
Whith"er*ward, adv.

Defn: In what direction; toward what or which place. R. of Brunne.
Whitherward to turn for a good course of life was by no means too
apparent. Carlyle.

WHITILE
Whit"ile, n. Etym: [Perhaps properly, the cutter (see Whittle, v.),
or cf. whitewall, witwal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yaffle. [Prov. Eng.]

WHITING
Whit"ing, n. Etym: [From White.]

1. (Zoöl.)
(a) A common European food fish (Melangus vulgaris) of the Codfish
family; -- called also fittin.
(b) A North American fish (Merlucius vulgaris) allied to the
preceding; -- called also silver hake.
(c) Any one of several species of North American marine sciænoid food
fishes belonging to genus Menticirrhus, especially M. Americanus,
found from Maryland to Brazil, and M. littoralis, common from
Virginia to Texas; -- called also silver whiting, and surf whiting.

Note: Various other fishes are locally called whiting, as the
kingfish (a), the sailor's choice (b), the Pacific tomcod, and
certain species of lake whitefishes.

2. Chalk prepared in an impalpable powder by pulverizing and repeated
washing, used as a pigment, as an ingredient in putty, for cleaning
silver, etc. Whiting pollack. (Zoöl.) Same as Pollack.
 -- Whiting pout (Zoöl.), the bib, 2.

WHITING-MOP
Whit"ing-mop`, n. [Obs.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young whiting. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A fair lass. "This pretty whiting-mop." Massinger.

WHITISH
Whit"ish, a. Etym: [From White.]

1. Somewhat white; approaching white; white in a moderate degree.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Covered with an opaque white powder.

WHITISHNESS
Whit"ish*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being whitish or somewhat white.

WHITLEATHER
Whit"leath`er, n. Etym: [White + leather.]

1. Leather dressed or tawed with alum, salt, etc., remarkable for its
pliability and toughness; white leather.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The paxwax. See Paxwax.

WHITLING
Whit"ling, n. Etym: [White + -ling.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young full trout during its second season. [Prov. Eng.]

WHITLOW
Whit"low, n. Etym: [Prov. E. whickflaw, for quickflaw, i. e., a flaw
or sore at the quick; cf. Icel. kvika the quick under the nail or
under a horse's hoof. See Quick, a., and Flaw.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: An inflammation of the fingers or toes, generally of the last
phalanx, terminating usually in suppuration. The inflammation may
occupy any seat between the skin and the bone, but is usually applied
to a felon or inflammation of the periosteal structures of the bone.

2. (Far.)

Defn: An inflammatory disease of the feet. It occurs round the hoof,
where an acrid matter is collected. Whitlow grass (Bot.), name given
to several inconspicuous herbs, which were thought to be a cure for
the whitlow, as Saxifraga tridactylites, Draba verna, and several
species of Paronychia.

WHITLOW-WORT
Whit"low-wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Whitlow grass, under Whitlow.

WHITMONDAY
Whit"mon`day, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: The day following Whitsunday; -- called also Whitsun Monday.

WHITNEYITE
Whit"ney*ite, n. Etym: [So called after J.D. Whitney, an American
geologist.] (Min.)

Defn: an arsenide of copper from Lake Superior.

WHITSON
Whit"son, a.

Defn: See Whitsun. [Obs.]

WHITSOUR
Whit"sour`, n. Etym: [White + sour.] (Bot.)

Defn: A sort of apple.

WHITSTER
Whit"ster, n. Etym: [Contracted fr. whitester.]

Defn: A whitener; a bleacher; a whitester. [Obs.]
The whitsters in Datchet mead. Shak.

WHITSUN
Whit"sun, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or observed at, Whitsuntide; as, Whitsun
week; Whitsun Tuesday; Whitsun pastorals.

WHITSUNDAY
Whit"sun*day, n. Etym: [White + Sunday.]

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: The seventh Sunday, and the fiftieth day, after Easter; a
festival of the church in commemoration of the descent of the Holy
Spirit on the day of Pentecost; Pentecost; -- so called, it is said,
because, in the primitive church, those who had been newly baptized
appeared at church between Easter and Pentecost in white garments.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: See the Note under Term, n., 12.

WHITSUNTIDE
Whit"sun*tide`, n. Etym: [Whitsunday + tide.]

Defn: The week commencing with Whitsunday, esp. the first three days
-- Whitsunday, Whitsun Monday, and Whitsun Tuesday; the time of
Pentecost. R. of Gloucester.

WHITTEN TREE
Whit"ten tree`. Etym: [Probably from white; cf. AS. hwitingtreów.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Either of two shrubs (Viburnum Lantana, and V. Opulus), so
called on account of their whitish branches.

WHITTERICK
Whit"ter*ick, n.

Defn: The curlew. [Prov. Eng.]

WHITTLE
Whit"tle, n. Etym: [AS. hwitel, from hwit white; akin to Icel.
hvitill a white bed cover. See White.]
(a) A grayish, coarse double blanket worn by countrywomen, in the
west of England, over the shoulders, like a cloak or shawl. C.
Kingsley.
(b) Same as Whittle shawl, below. Whittle shawl, a kind of fine
woolen shawl, originally and especially a white one.

WHITTLE
Whit"tle, n. Etym: [OE. thwitel, fr. AS. pwitan to cut. Cf. Thwittle,
Thwaite a piece of ground.]

Defn: A knife; esp., a pocket, sheath, or clasp knife. "A butcher's
whittle." Dryden. "Rude whittles." Macaulay.
He wore a Sheffield whittle in his hose. Betterton.

WHITTLE
Whit"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whittled; p. pr. & vb. n. Whittling.]

1. To pare or cut off the surface of with a small knife; to cut or
shape, as a piece of wood held in the hand, with a clasp knife or
pocketknife.

2. To edge; to sharpen; to render eager or excited; esp., to excite
with liquor; to inebriate. [Obs.]
"In vino veritas." When men are well whittled, their tongues run at
random. Withals.

WHITTLE
Whit"tle, v. i.

Defn: To cut or shape a piece of wood with am small knife; to cut up
a piece of wood with a knife.
Dexterity with a pocketknife is a part of a Nantucket education; but
I am inclined to think the propensity is national. Americans must and
will whittle. Willis.

WHITTLINGS
Whit"tlings, n. pl.

Defn: Chips made by one who whittles; shavings cut from a stick with
a knife.

WHITTRET
Whit"tret, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A weasel. [Scot.]

WHITTUESDAY
Whit"tues`day, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: The day following Whitmonday; -- called also Whitsun Tuesday.

WHITWALL
Whit"wall`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Whetile.

WHITWORTH BALL
Whit"worth ball`. (Gun.)

Defn: A prejectile used in the Whitworth gun.

WHITWORTH GUN
Whit"worth gun`. (Gun.)

Defn: A form of rifled cannon and small arms invented by Sir Joseph
Whitworth, of Manchester, England.

Note: In Mr. Whitworth's system, the bore of the gun has a polygonal
section, and the twist is rapid. The ball, which is pointed in front,
is made to fit the bore accurately, and is very much elongated, its
length being about three and one half times as great as its diameter.
H. L. Scott.

WHITY-BROWN
Whit"y-brown`, a.

Defn: Of a color between white and brown. Pegge.

WHIZ
Whiz, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whizzed; p. pr. & vb. n. Whizzing.] Etym:
[Of imitative origin. Whistle, and Hiss.]

Defn: To make a humming or hissing sound, like an arrow or ball
flying through the air; to fly or move swiftly with a sharp hissing
or whistling sound. [Written also whizz.]
It flew, and whizzing, cut the liquid way. Dryden.

WHIZ
Whiz, n.

Defn: A hissing and humming sound.
Like the whiz of my crossbow. Coleridge.

WHIZZINGLY
Whiz"zing*ly, adv.

Defn: With a whizzing sound.

WHO
Who, pron. [Possess. whose; object. Whom.] Etym: [OE. who, wha, AS.
hwa, interrogative pron., neut. hwæt; akin to OFries. hwa, neut.
hwet, OS. hwe, neut. hwat, D. wie, neut. wat, G. wer, neut.was, OHG.
wer, hwer, neut. waz, hwaz, Icel. hvat, neut., Dan. hvo, neut. hvad,
Sw. ho, hvem, neut. hvad, Goth. hwas, fem. hwo, neut. hwa, Lith. kas,
Ir. & Gael. co, W. pwy, L. quod, neuter of qui, Gr. po`teros whether,
Skr. kas. sq. root182. Cf. How, Quantity, Quorum, Quote, Ubiquity,
What, When, Where, Whether, Which, Whither, Whom, Why.]

1. Originally, an interrogative pronoun, later, a relative pronoun
also; -- used always substantively, and either as singular or plural.
See the Note under What, pron., 1. As interrogative pronouns, who and
whom ask the question: What or which person or persons Who and whom,
as relative pronouns (in the sense of that), are properly used of
persons (corresponding to which, as applied to things), but are
sometimes, less properly and now rarely, used of animals, plants,
etc. Who and whom, as compound relatives, are also used especially of
persons, meaning the person that; the persons that; the one that;
whosoever. "Let who will be President." Macaulay.
[He] should not tell whose children they were. Chaucer.
There thou tell'st of kings, and who aspire; Who fall, who rise, who
triumph, who do moan. Daniel.
Adders who with cloven tongues Do hiss into madness. Shak.
Whom I could pity thus forlorn. Milton.
How hard is our fate, who serve in the state. Addison.
Who cheapens life, abates the fear of death. Young.
The brace of large greyhounds, who were the companions of his sports.
Sir W. Scott.

2. One; any; one. [Obs., except in the archaic phrase, as who should
say.]
As who should say, it were a very dangerous matter if a man in any
point should be found wiser than his forefathers were. Robynson
(More's Utopia).

WHOA
Whoa, interj.

Defn: Stop; stand; hold. See Ho, 2.

WHOBUB
Who"bub, n.

Defn: Hubbub. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

WHOEVER
Who*ev"er, pron.

Defn: Whatever person; any person who; be or she who; any one who;
as, he shall be punished, whoever he may be. "Whoever envies or
repines." Milton. "Whoever the king favors." Shak.

WHOLE
Whole, a. Etym: [OE. hole, hol, hal, hool, AS. hal well, sound,
healthy; akin to OFries. & OS. h, D. heel, G. heil, Icel. heill, Sw.
hel whole, Dan. heel, Goth. hails well, sound, OIr. c augury. Cf.
Hale, Hail to greet, Heal to cure, Health, Holy.]

1. Containing the total amount, number, etc.; comprising all the
parts; free from deficiency; all; total; entire; as, the whole earth;
the whole solar system; the whole army; the whole nation. "On their
whole host I flew unarmed." Milton.
The whole race of mankind. Shak.

2. Complete; entire; not defective or imperfect; not broken or
fractured; unimpaired; uninjured; integral; as, a whole orange; the
egg is whole; the vessel is whole.
My life is yet whole in me. 2 Sam. i. 9.

3. Possessing, or being in a state of, heath and soundness; healthy;
sound; well.
[She] findeth there her friends hole and sound. Chaucer.
They that be whole need not a physician. Matt. ix. 12.
When Sir Lancelot's deadly hurt was whole. Tennyson.
Whole blood. (Law of Descent) See under Blood, n., 2.
 -- Whole note (Mus.), the note which represents a note of longest
duration in common use; a semibreve.
 -- Whole number (Math.), a number which is not a fraction or mixed
number; an integer. Whole snipe (Zoöl.), the common snipe, as
distinguished from the smaller jacksnipe. [Prov. Eng.]

Syn.
 -- All; total; complete; entire; integral; undivided; uninjured;
unimpaired; unbroken; healthy.
 -- Whole, Total, Entire, Complete. When we use the word whole, we
refer to a thing as made up of parts, none of which are wanting; as,
a whole week; a whole year; the whole creation. When we use the word
total, we have reference to all as taken together, and forming a
single totality; as, the total amount; the total income. When we
speak of a thing as entire, we have no reference to parts at all, but
regard the thing as an integer, i. e., continuous or unbroken; as, an
entire year; entire prosperity. When we speak of a thing as complete,
there is reference to some progress which results in a filling out to
some end or object, or a perfected state with no deficiency; as,
complete success; a complete victory.
All the whole army stood agazed on him. Shak.
One entire and perfect chrysolite. Shak.
Lest total darkness should by night regain Her old possession, and
extinguish life. Milton.
So absolute she seems, And in herself complete. Milton.

WHOLE
Whole, n.

1. The entire thing; the entire assemblage of parts; totality; all of
a thing, without defect or exception; a thing complete in itself.
"This not the whole of life to live, Nor all of death to die. J.
Montgomery.

2. A regular combination of parts; a system.
Parts answering parts shall slide into a whole. Pope.
Committee of the whole. See under Committee.
 -- Upon the whole, considering all things; taking everything into
account; in view of all the circumstances or conditions.

Syn.
 -- Totality; total; amount; aggregate; gross.

WHOLE-HOOFED
Whole"-hoofed`, a.

Defn: Having an undivided hoof, as the horse.

WHOLE-LENGTH
Whole"-length`, a.

Defn: Representing the whole figure; -- said of a picture or statue.
 -- n.

Defn: A portrait or statue representing the whole figure.

WHOLENESS
Whole"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being whole, entire, or sound;
entireness; totality; completeness.

WHOLESALE
Whole"sale`, n.

Defn: Sale of goods by the piece or large quantity, as distinguished
from retail. By wholesale, in the mass; in large quantities; without
distinction or discrimination.
Some, from vanity or envy, despise a valuable book, and throw
contempt upon it by wholesale. I. Watts.

WHOLESALE
Whole"sale`, a.

1. Pertaining to, or engaged in, trade by the piece or large
quantity; selling to retailers or jobbers rather than to consumers;
as, a wholesale merchant; the wholesale price.

2. Extensive and indiscriminate; as, wholesale slaughter. "A time for
wholesale trust." Mrs. Humphry Ward.

WHOLESOME
Whole"some, a. [Compar. Wholesomer; superl. Wholesomest.] Etym:
[Whole + some; cf. Icel. heilsamr, G. heilsam, D. heilzaam.]

1. Tending to promote health; favoring health; salubrious; salutary.
Wholesome thirst and appetite. Milton.
From which the industrious poor derive an agreeable and wholesome
variety of food. A Smith.

2. Contributing to the health of the mind; favorable to morals,
religion, or prosperity; conducive to good; salutary; sound; as,
wholesome advice; wholesome doctrines; wholesome truths; wholesome
laws.
A wholesome tongue is a tree of life. Prov. xv. 4.
I can not . . . make you a wholesome answer; my wit's diseased. Shak.
A wholesome suspicion began to be entertained. Sir W. Scott.

3. Sound; healthy. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- Whole"some*ly, adv.
 -- Whole"some*ness, n.

WHOLE-SOULED
Whole"-souled`, a.

Defn: Thoroughly imbued with a right spirit; noble-minded; devoted.

WHOLLY
Whol"ly, adv.

1. In a whole or complete manner; entirely; completely; perfectly.
Nor wholly overcome, nor wholly yield. Dryden.

2. To the exclusion of other things; totally; fully.
They employed themselves wholly in domestic life. Addison.

WHOM
Whom, pron. Etym: [OE. wham, AS. dative hwam, hw. See Who.]

Defn: The objective case of who. See Who.

Note: In Old English, whom was also commonly used as a dative. Cf.
Him.
And every grass that groweth upon root She shall eke know, and whom
it will do boot. Chaucer.

WHOMSOEVER
Whom`so*ev"er, pron.

Defn: The objective of whosoever. See Whosoever.
The Most High ruleth in the kingdow of men, and giveth it to
whomsoever he will. Dan. iv. 17.

WHOOBUB
Whoo"bub, n.

Defn: Hubbub. [Obs.] Shak.

WHOOP
Whoop (, n. Etym: [See Hoopoe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hoopoe.

WHOOP
Whoop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whooped; p. pr. & vb. n. Whooping.] Etym:
[OE. houpen. See Hoop, v. i.]

1. To utter a whoop, or loud cry, as eagerness, enthusiasm, or
enjoyment; to cry out; to shout; to halloo; to utter a war whoop; to
hoot, as an owl.
Each whooping with a merry shout. Wordsworth.
When naught was heard but now and then the howl Of some vile cur, or
whooping of the owl. W. Browne.

2. To cough or breathe with a sonorous inspiration, as in whooping
cough.

WHOOP
Whoop, v. t.

Defn: To insult with shouts; to chase with derision.
And suffered me by the voice of slaves to be Whooped out of Rome.
Shak.

WHOOP
Whoop, n.

1. A shout of pursuit or of war; a very of eagerness, enthusiasm,
enjoyment, vengeance, terror, or the like; an halloo; a hoot, or cry,
as of an owl.
A fox, crossing the road, drew off a considerable detachment, who
clapped spurs to their horses, and pursued him with whoops and
halloos. Addison.
The whoop of the crane. Longfellow.

2. A loud, shrill, prolonged sound or sonorous inspiration, as in
whooping cough.

WHOOPER
Whoop"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, whooops. Woopher swan. (Zoöl.) See the
Note under Swan.

WHOOPING
Whoop"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Whoop, v. t. Whooping cough (Med.), a violent,
convulsive cough, returning at longer or shorter intervals, and
consisting of several expirations, followed by a sonorous
inspiration, or whoop; chin cough; hooping cough. Dunglison.
 -- Whooping crane (Zoöl.), a North American crane (Crus Americana)
noted for the loud, whooplike note which it utters.
 -- Whooping swan (Zoöl.), the whooper swan. See the Note under Swan.

WHOOT
Whoot, v. i. Etym: [See Hoot.]

Defn: To hoot. [Obs.]

WHOP
Whop, v. t.

Defn: Same as Whap. Forby.

WHOP
Whop, n.

Defn: Same as Whap.

WHOPPER
Whop"per, n. Etym: [Cf. Whapper.]

1. One who, or that which, whops.

2. Same as Whapper.

WHORE
Whore, n. Etym: [OE. hore, AS. h; akin to D. hoer, hoere, G. hure,
OHG. huora, huorra, Icel. h, Dan. hore, Sw. hora, Goth. h an
adulterer, AS. h adultery, OHG. huor, and probably to L. carus dear.
Cf. Charity.]

Defn: A woman who practices unlawful sexual commerce with men,
especially one who prostitutes her body for hire; a prostitute; a
harlot. Wyclif.

Syn.
 -- Harlot; courtesan; prostitute; strumpet.

WHORE
Whore, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whored; p. pr. & vb. n. Whoring.] Etym:
[Cf. Icel. h. See Whore, n.]

1. To have unlawful sexual intercourse; to practice lewdness.

2. (Script.)

Defn: To worship false and impure gods.

WHORE
Whore, v. t.

Defn: To corrupt by lewd intercourse; to make a whore of; to debauch.
[R.] Congreve.

WHOREDOM
Whore"dom, n. Etym: [OE. hordom; cf. Icel. h.]

1. The practice of unlawful intercourse with the other sex;
fornication; lewdness.

2. (Script.)

Defn: The sin of worshiping idols; idolatry.
O Ephraim, thou committest whoredom, and Israel is defiled; they will
not . . . turn unto their God. Hos. v. 3, 4.

WHOREMASTER
Whore"mas`ter, n.

1. A man who practices lewdness; a lecher; a whoremonger.

2. One keeps or procures whores for others; a pimp; a procurer.

WHOREMASTERLY
Whore"mas`ter*ly, a.

Defn: Having the character of a whoremaster; lecherous; libidinous.

WHOREMONGER
Whore"mon`ger, n.

Defn: A whoremaster; a lecher; a man who frequents the society of
whores.

WHORESON
Whore"son, n.

Defn: A bastard; colloquially, a low, scurvy fellow; -- used
generally in contempt, or in coarse humor. Also used adjectively.
[Archaic] Shak.

WHORISH
Whor"ish, a.

Defn: Resembling a whore in character or conduct; addicted to
unlawful pleasures; incontinent; lewd; unchaste.
 -- Whor"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Whor"ish*ness, n.

WHORL
Whorl, n. Etym: [OE. whorvil the whirl of a spindle; akin to AS.
hweorfa the whirl of a spindle, hweorfan to turn; cf. OD. worvel the
whirl of a spindle. See Whirl, n. & v.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A circle of two or more leaves, flowers, or other organs, about
the same part or joint of a stem.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A volution, or turn, of the spire of a univalve shell.

3. (Spinning)

Defn: The fly of a spindle.

WHORLED
Whorled, a.

Defn: Furnished with whorls; arranged in the form of a whorl or
whorls; verticillate; as, whorled leaves.

WHORLER
Whorl"er, n.

Defn: A potter's wheel.

WHORT
Whort, n. Etym: [See Whortleberry.] (Bot.)

Defn: The whortleberry, or bilberry. See Whortleberry (a).

WHORTLE
Whor"tle, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The whortleberry, or bilberry.
[He] looked ahead of him from behind a tump of whortles. R. D.
Blackmore.

WHORTLEBERRY
Whor"tle*ber`ry, n. Etym: [AS. wyrtil a small shrub (dim. of wyrt
wort) + E. berry. See Wort, and cf. Huckleberry, Hurtleberry.] (Bot.)
(a) In England, the fruit of Vaccinium Myrtillus; also, the plant
itself. See Bilberry, 1.
(b) The fruit of several shrubby plants of the genus Gaylussacia;
also, any one of these plants. See Huckleberry.

WHOSE
Whose, pron. Etym: [OE. whos, whas, AS. hwæs, gen. of hwa. See Who.]

Defn: The possessive case of who or which. See Who, and Which.
Whose daughter art thou tell me, I pray thee. Gen. xxiv. 23.
The question whose solution I require. Dryden.

WHOSESOEVER
Whose`so*ev"er, pron.

Defn: The possessive of whosoever. See Whosoever.

WHOSO
Who"so, pron.

Defn: Whosoever. Piers Plowman.
Whoso shrinks or falters now, . . . Brand the craven on his brow!
Whittier.

WHOSOEVER
Who`so*ev"er, pron.

Defn: Whatsoever person; any person whatever that; whoever.
Whosoever will, let him take . . . freely. Rev. xxii. 17.

WHOT
Whot, a.

Defn: Hot. [Obs.] Spenser.

WHUR
Whur, v. i. Etym: [Probably of imitative origin. Cf. Hurr, Hurry,
Whir.]

1. To make a rough, humming sound, like one who pronounces the letter
r with too much force; to whir; to birr.

2. To snarl or growl, as a dog. Halliwell.

WHUR
Whur, n.

Defn: A humming or whirring sound, like that of a body moving through
the air with velocity; a whir.

WHURRY
Whur"ry, v. t. Etym: [See Hurry.]

Defn: To whisk along quickly; to hurry. [R.]
Whurrying the chariot with them to the shore. Vicars.

WHURT
Whurt, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Whort.

WHY
Why, adv. Etym: [OE. whi, why, AS. hwi, hw, instrumental case of hwa,
hwæt; akin to Icel. hvi why, Dan. & Sw. hvi; cf. Goth. hw. Who.]

1. For what cause, reason, or purpose; on what account; wherefore; --
used interrogatively. See the Note under What, pron., 1.
Turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways; for why will ye die, O house of
Israel Ezek. xxxiii. 11.

2. For which; on account of which; -- used relatively.
No ground of enmity between us known Why he should mean me ill or
seek to harm. Milton.
Turn the discourse; I have a reason why I would not have you speak so
tenderly. Dryden.

3. The reason or cause for which; that on account of which; on what
account; as, I know not why he left town so suddenly; -- used as a
compound relative.

Note: Why is sometimes used as an interjection or an expletive in
expression of surprise or content at a turn of affairs; used also in
calling. "Why, Jessica!" Shak.
If her chill heart I can not move, Why, I'll enjoy the very love.
Cowley.
Sometimes, also, it is used as a noun.
The how and the why and the where. Goldsmith.
For why, because; why. See Forwhy. [Obs. or Colloq.]

WHY
Why, n.

Defn: A young heifer. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

WHYDAH BIRD; WHYDAH FINCH
Whyd"ah bird`, or Whyd"ah finch`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The whidah bird.

WHY-NOT
Why"-not`, n.

Defn: A violent and peremptory procedure without any assigned reason;
a sudden conclusive happening. [Obs.]
When the church Was taken with a why-not in the lurch. Hudibras.
This game . . . was like to have been lost with a why-not. Nugæ
Antiq.

WICH
Wich, n.

Defn: A variant of 1st Wick.

WICHITAS
Wich"i*tas, n. pl.; sing. Wichita (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians native of the region between the Arkansas
and Red rivers. They are related to the Pawnees. See Pawnees.

WICK; WICH
Wick, or Wich, n. Etym: [AS. wic village, fr. L. vicus. In some names
of places, perhaps fr. Icel. vik an inlet, creek, bay. See Vicinity,
and cf. Villa.]

1. A street; a village; a castle; a dwelling; a place of work, or
exercise of authority; -- now obsolete except in composition; as,
bailiwick, Warwick, Greenwick. Stow.

2. (Curling)

Defn: A narrow port or passage in the rink or course, flanked by the
stones of previous players.

WICK
Wick, n. Etym: [OE. wicke, weyke, weke, AS. weoca or wecca; cf. D.
wiek a roll of lint, Prov. G. wicke, and wieche, OHG. wiohha, Sw.
veke, Dan. væge; of uncertain origin.]

Defn: A bundle of fibers, or a loosely twisted or braided cord, tape,
or tube, usually made of soft spun cotton threads, which by capillary
attraction draws up a steady supply of the oil in lamps, the melted
tallow or wax in candles, or other material used for illumination, in
small successive portions, to be burned.
But true it is, that when the oil is spent The light goes out, and
wick is thrown away. Spenser.

WICK
Wick, v. i. (Curling)

Defn: To strike a stone in an oblique direction. Jamieson.

WICKE
Wick"e, a.

Defn: Wicked. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. "With full wikke intent."
Chaucer.

WICKED
Wicked, a.

Defn: Having a wick; -- used chiefly in composition; as, a two-wicked
lamp.

WICKED
Wick"ed a. Etym: [OE. wicked, fr. wicke wicked; probably originally
the same word as wicche wizard, witch. See Witch.]

1. Evil in principle or practice; deviating from morality; contrary
to the moral or divine law; addicted to vice or sin; sinful; immoral;
profligate; -- said of persons and things; as, a wicked king; a
wicked woman; a wicked deed; wicked designs.
Hence, then, and evil go with thee along, Thy offspring, to the place
of evil, hell, Thou and thy wicked crew! Milton.
Never, never, wicked man was wise. Pope.

2. Cursed; baneful; hurtful; bad; pernicious; dangerous. [Obs.]
"Wicked dew." Shak.
This were a wicked way, but whoso had a guide. P. Plowman.

3. Ludicrously or sportively mischievous; disposed to mischief;
roguish. [Colloq.]
Pen looked uncommonly wicked. Thackeray.

Syn.
 -- Iniquitous; sinful; criminal; guilty; immoral; unjust;
unrighteous; unholy; irreligious; ungodly; profane; vicious;
pernicious; atrocious; nefarious; heinous; flagrant; flagitious;
abandoned. See Iniquitous.

WICKEDLY
Wick"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a wicked manner; in a manner, or with motives and designs,
contrary to the divine law or the law of morality; viciously;
corruptly; immorally.
I have sinned, and I have done wickedly. 2 Sam. xxiv. 17.

WICKEDNESS
Wick"ed*ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being wicked; departure from the rules of
the divine or the moral law; evil disposition or practices;
immorality; depravity; sinfulness.
God saw that the wickedness of man was great. Gen. vi. 5.
Their inward part is very wickedness. Ps. v. 9.

2. A wicked thing or act; crime; sin; iniquity.
I'll never care what wickedness I do, If this man comes to good.
Shak.

WICKEN TREE
Wick"en tree`.

Defn: Same as Quicken tree.

WICKER
Wick"er, n. Etym: [OE. wiker, wikir, osier, probably akin to AS.
wican to give way. Cf. Weak.]

1. A small pliant twig or osier; a rod for making basketwork and the
like; a withe.

2. Wickerwork; a piece of wickerwork, esp. a basket.
Then quick did dress His half milk up for cheese, and in a press Of
wicker pressed it. Chapman.

3. Same as 1st Wike. [Prov. Eng.]

WICKER
Wick"er, a.

Defn: Made of, or covered with, twigs or osiers, or wickerwork.
Each one a little wicker basket had, Made of fine twigs, entrailéd
curiously. Spenser.

WICKERED
Wick"ered, a.

Defn: Made of, secured by, or covered with, wickers or wickerwork.
Ships of light timber, wickered with osier between, and covered over
with leather. Milton.

WICKERWORK
Wick"er*work`, n.

Defn: A texture of osiers, twigs, or rods; articles made of such a
texture.

WICKET
Wick"et, n. Etym: [OE. wiket, OF. wiket, guichet, F. quichet;
probably of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. v a small creek, inlet, bay, vik
a corner.]

1. A small gate or door, especially one forming part of, or placed
near, a larger door or gate; a narrow opening or entrance cut in or
beside a door or gate, or the door which is used to close such
entrance or aperture. Piers Plowman. "Heaven's wicket." Milton.
And so went to the high street, . . . and came to the great tower,
but the gate and wicket was fast closed. Ld. Berners.
The wicket, often opened, knew the key. Dryden.

2. A small gate by which the chamber of canal locks is emptied, or by
which the amount of water passing to a water wheel is regulated.

3. (Cricket)
(a) A small framework at which the ball is bowled. It consists of
three rods, or stumps, set vertically in the ground, with one or two
short rods, called bails, lying horizontally across the top.
(b) The ground on which the wickets are set.

4. A place of shelter made of the boughs of trees, -- used by
lumbermen, etc. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

5. (Mining)

Defn: The space between the pillars, in postand-stall working.
Raymond. Wicket door, Wicket gate, a small door or gate; a wicket.
See def. 1, above. Bunyan.
 -- Wicket keeper (Cricket), the player who stands behind the wicket
to catch the balls and endeavor to put the batsman out.

WICKING
Wick"ing, n.

Defn: the material of which wicks are made; esp., a loosely braided
or twisted cord or tape of cotton.

WICKIUP WICKYUP
{ Wick"i*up Wick"y*up }, n.

Defn: Vars of Wikiup.

WICLIFITE; WICKLIFFITE
Wic"lif*ite, Wick"liff*ite, n.

Defn: See Wyclifite.

WICOPY
Wic"o*py, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Leatherwood.

WIDAL'S TEST; WIDAL TEST; WIDAL'S REACTION; WIDAL REACTION
Wi*dal's", or Wi*dal", test or reaction . [After Fernand Widal (b.
1862), French physician.] (Med.)

Defn: A test for typhoid fever based on the fact that blood serum of
one affected, in a bouillon culture of typhoid bacilli, causes the
bacilli to agglutinate and lose their motility.

WIDDY
Wid"dy, n. Etym: [Cf. Withy.]

Defn: A rope or halter made of flexible twigs, or withes, as of
birch. [Scot.]

WIDE
Wide, a. [Compar. Wider; superl. Widest.] Etym: [OE. wid, wyde, AS.
wid; akin to OFries. & OS. wid, D. wijd, G. weit, OHG. wit, Icel.
vi\'ebr, Sw. & Dan. vid; of uncertain origin.]

1. Having considerable distance or extent between the sides; spacious
across; much extended in a direction at right angles to that of
length; not narrow; broad; as, wide cloth; a wide table; a wide
highway; a wide bed; a wide hall or entry.
The chambers and the stables weren wyde. Chaucer.
Wide is the gate . . . that leadeth to destruction. Matt. vii. 18.

2. Having a great extent every way; extended; spacious; broad; vast;
extensive; as, a wide plain; the wide ocean; a wide difference. "This
wyde world." Chaucer.
For sceptered cynics earth were far too wide a den. Byron.
When the wide bloom, on earth that lies, Seems of a brighter world
than ours. Bryant.

3. Of large scope; comprehensive; liberal; broad; as, wide views; a
wide understanding.
Men of strongest head and widest culture. M. Arnold.

4. Of a certain measure between the sides; measuring in a direction
at right angles to that of length; as, a table three feet wide.

5. Remote; distant; far.
The contrary being so wide from the truth of Scripture and the
attributes of God. Hammond.

6. Far from truth, from propriety, from necessity, or the like. "Our
wide expositors." Milton.
It is far wide that the people have such judgments. Latimer.
How wide is all this long pretense ! Herbert.

7. On one side or the other of the mark; too far side-wise from the
mark, the wicket, the batsman, etc.
Surely he shoots wide on the bow hand. Spenser.
I was but two bows wide. Massinger.

8. (Phon.)

Defn: Made, as a vowel, with a less tense, and more open and relaxed,
condition of the mouth organs; -- opposed to primary as used by Mr.
Bell, and to narrow as used by Mr. Sweet. The effect, as explained by
Mr. Bell, is due to the relaxation or tension of the pharynx; as
explained by Mr. Sweet and others, it is due to the action of the
tongue. The wide of e (eve) is î (îll); of a (ate) is ê (ênd), etc.
See Guide to Pronunciation, § 13-15.

Note: Wide is often prefixed to words, esp. to participles and
participial adjectives, to form self-explaining compounds; as, wide-
beaming, wide-branched, wide-chopped, wide-echoing, wide-extended,
wide-mouthed, wide-spread, wide-spreading, and the like. Far and
wide. See under Far.
 -- Wide gauge. See the Note under Cauge, 6.

WIDE
Wide, adv. Etym: [As. w.]

1. To a distance; far; widely; to a great distance or extent; as, his
fame was spread wide.
[I] went wyde in this world, wonders to hear. Piers Plowman.

2. So as to leave or have a great space between the sides; so as to
form a large opening. Shak.

3. So as to be or strike far from, or on one side of, an object or
purpose; aside; astray.

WIDE
Wide, n.

1. That which is wide; wide space; width; extent. "The waste wide of
that abyss." Tennyson.

2. That which goes wide, or to one side of the mark.

WIDE-ANGLE
Wide"-an`gle, a. (Photog. & Optics)

Defn: Having or covering an angle wider than the ordinary; -- applied
to certain lenses of relatively short focus. Lenses for ordinary
purposes have an angle of 50º or less. Wide-angle lenses may cover as
much as 100º and are useful for photographing at short range, but the
pictures appear distorted.

WIDE-AWAKE
Wide`-a*wake", a.

Defn: Fully awake; not Dickens.

WIDE-AWAKE
Wide`-a*wake", n.

Defn: A broad-brimmed, low-crowned felt hat.

WIDEGAP
Wide"gap`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The angler; -- called also widegab, and widegut.

WIDELY
Wide"ly, adv.

1. In a wide manner; to a wide degree or extent; far; extensively;
as, the gospel was widely disseminated by the apostles.

2. Very much; to a great degree or extent; as, to differ widely in
opinion.

WIDEN
Wid"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Widened; p. pr. & vb. n. Widening.]

Defn: To make wide or wider; to extend in breadth; to increase the
width of; as, to widen a field; to widen a breach; to widen a
stocking.

WIDEN
Wid"en, v. i.

Defn: To grow wide or wider; to enlarge; to spread; to extend.
Arches widen, and long aisles extend. Pope.

WIDENESS
Wide"ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being wide; breadth; width; great extent
from side to side; as, the wideness of a room. "I landed in a small
creek about the wideness of my canoe." Swift.

2. Large extent in all directions; broadness; greatness; as, the
wideness of the sea or ocean.

WIDESPREAD
Wide"spread`, a.

Defn: Spread to a great distance; widely extended; extending far and
wide; as, widespread wings; a widespread movement.

WIDEWHERE
Wide"where`, adv. Etym: [See Wide, and Where.]

Defn: Widely; far and wide. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WIDGEON
Widg"eon, n. Etym: [Probably from an old French form of F. vigeon,
vingeon, gingeon; of uncertain origin; cf. L. vipio, -onis, a kind of
small crane.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of fresh-water ducks, especially
those belonging to the subgenus Mareca, of the genus Anas. The common
European widgeon (Anas penelope) and the American widgeon (A.
Americana) are the most important species. The latter is called also
baldhead, baldpate, baldface, baldcrown, smoking duck, wheat, duck,
and whitebelly. Bald-faced, or Green-headed, widgeon, the American
widgeon.
 -- Black widgeon, the European tufted duck.
 -- Gray widgeon. (a) The gadwall. (b) The pintail duck.
 -- Great headed widgeon, the poachard.
 -- Pied widgeon. (a) The poachard. (b) The goosander. Saw-billed
widgeon, the merganser.
 -- Sea widgeon. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Spear widgeon, the goosander. [Prov. Eng.] -- Spoonbilled
widgeon, the shoveler.
 -- White widgeon, the smew.
 -- Wood widgeon, the wood duck.

WIDISH
Wid"ish, a.

Defn: Moderately wide. Tyndall.

WIDMANSTATTEN FIGURES; WIDMANSTAETTEN FIGURES
Wid"man*stät`ten fig"ures. (Min.)

Defn: Certain figures appearing on etched meteoric iron; -- so called
after A. B. Widmanstätten, of Vienna, who first described them in
1808. See the Note and Illust. under Meteorite.

WIDOW
Wid"ow, n. Etym: [OE. widewe, widwe, AS. weoduwe, widuwe, wuduwe;
akin to OFries. widwe, OS. widowa, D. weduwe, G. wittwe, witwe, OHG.
wituwa, witawa, Goth. widuw, Russ. udova, OIr. fedb, W. gweddw, L.
vidua, Skr. vidhava; and probably to Skr. vidh to be empty, to lack;
cf. Gr. Vidual.]

Defn: A woman who has lost her husband by death, and has not married
again; one living bereaved of a husband. "A poor widow." Chaucer.
Grass widow. See under Grass.
 -- Widow bewitched, a woman separated from her husband; a grass
widow. [Colloq.] Widow-in-mourning (Zoöl.), the macavahu.
 -- Widow monkey (Zoöl.), a small South American monkey (Callithrix
lugens); -- so called on account of its color, which is black except
the dull whitish arms, neck, and face, and a ring of pure white
around the face.
 -- Widow's chamber (Eng. Law), in London, the apparel and furniture
of the bedchamber of the widow of a freeman, to which she was
formerly entitled.

WIDOW
Wid"ow, a.

Defn: Widowed. "A widow woman." 1 Kings xvii. 9. "This widow lady."
Shak.

WIDOW
Wid"ow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Widowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Widowing.]

1. To reduce to the condition of a widow; to bereave of a husband; --
rarely used except in the past participle.
Though in thus city he Hath widowed and unchilded many a one, Which
to this hour bewail the injury. Shak.

2. To deprive of one who is loved; to strip of anything beloved or
highly esteemed; to make desolate or bare; to bereave.
The widowed isle, in mourning, Dries up her tears. Dryden.
Tress of their shriveled fruits Are widowed, dreary storms o'er all
prevail. J. Philips.
Mourn, widowed queen; forgotten Sion, mourn. Heber.

3. To endow with a widow's right. [R.] Shak.

4. To become, or survive as, the widow of. [Obs.]
Let me be married to three kings in a forenoon, and widow them all.
Shak.

WIDOW BIRD
Wid"ow bird`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Whidan bird.

WIDOWER
Wid"ow*er, n.

Defn: A man who has lost his wife by death, and has not married
again. Shak.

WIDOWERHOOD
Wid"ow*er*hood, n.

Defn: The state of being a widower.

WIDOWHOOD
Wid"ow*hood, n.

1. The state of being a widow; the time during which a woman is
widow; also, rarely, the state of being a widower.
Johnson clung to her memory during a widowhood of more than thirty
years. Leslie Stephen.

2. Estate settled on a widow. [Obs.] "I 'll assure her of her
widowhood . . . in all my lands." Shak.

WIDOW-HUNTER
Wid"ow-hunt`er, n.

Defn: One who courts widows, seeking to marry one with a fortune.
Addison.

WIDOWLY
Wid"ow*ly, a.

Defn: Becoming or like a widow.

WIDOW-MAKER
Wid"ow-mak`er, n.

Defn: One who makes widows by destroying husbands. [R.] Shak.

WIDOW-WAIL
Wid"ow-wail`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A low, narrowleaved evergreen shrub (Cneorum tricoccon) found
in Southern Europe.

WIDTH
Width, n. Etym: [From Wide.]

Defn: The quality of being wide; extent from side to side; breadth;
wideness; as, the width of cloth; the width of a door.

WIDUAL
Wid"u*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a widow; vidual. [Obs.] Bale.

WIDWE
Wid"we, n.

Defn: A widow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WIELD
Wield, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wielded; p. pr. & vb. n. Wielding.] Etym:
[OE. welden to govern, to have power over, to possess, AS. geweldan,
gewyldan, from wealdan; akin to OS. waldan, OFries. walda, G. walten,
OHG. waltan, Icel. valda, Sw. vålla to occasion, to cause, Dan.
volde, Goth. waldan to govern, rule, L. valere to be strong. Cf.
Herald, Valiant.]

1. To govern; to rule; to keep, or have in charge; also, to possess.
[Obs.]
When a strong armed man keepeth his house, all things that he
wieldeth ben in peace. Wyclif (Luke xi. 21).
Wile [ne will] ye wield gold neither silver ne money in your girdles.
Wyclif (Matt. x. 9.)

2. To direct or regulate by influence or authority; to manage; to
control; to sway.
The famous orators . . . whose resistless eloquence Wielded at will
that fierce democraty. Milton.
Her newborn power was wielded from the first by unprincipled and
ambitions men. De Quincey.

3. To use with full command or power, as a thing not too heavy for
the holder; to manage; to handle; hence, to use or employ; as, to
wield a sword; to wield the scepter.
Base Hungarian wight! wilt thou the spigot wield! Shak.
Part wield their arms, part curb the foaming steed. Milton.
Nothing but the influence of a civilized power could induce a savage
to wield a spade. S. S. Smith.
To wield the scepter, to govern with supreme command.

WIELDABLE
Wield"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being wielded.

WIELDANCE
Wield"ance, n.

Defn: The act or power of wielding. [Obs.] "Our weak wieldance." Bp.
Hall.

WIELDER
Wield"er, n.

Defn: One who wields or employs; a manager; a controller.
A wielder of the great arm of the war. Milton.

WIELDING
Wield"ing, n.

Defn: Power; authority; rule. [Obs.]
To have them in your might and in your wielding. Chaucer.

WIELDLESS
Wield"less, a.

Defn: Not to be wielded; unmanageable; unwieldy. [R.] "Wieldless
might." Spenser.

WIELDSOME
Wield"some, a.

Defn: Admitting of being easily wielded or managed. [Obs.] Golding.

WIELDY
Wield"y, a.

Defn: Capable of being wielded; manageable; wieldable; -- opposed to
unwieldy. [R.] Johnson.

WIENER SCHNITZEL
Wie"ner Schnit"zel. [G., Vienna cutlet.]

Defn: A veal cutlet variously seasoned garnished, often with lemon,
sardines, and capers.

WIER
Wier, n.

Defn: Same as Weir.

WIERANGLE
Wier`an"gle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Wariangle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

WIERY
Wier"y, a. Etym: [Cf. Wearish.]

Defn: Wet; moist; marshy. [Obs.]

WIERY
Wi"er*y, a. Etym: [From Wire; cf. Fiery.]

Defn: Wiry. [Obs.] "Wiery gold." Peacham.

WIFE
Wife, n.; pl; Wives. Etym: [OE. wif, AS. wif; akin to OFries. & OS.
wif, D. wijf, G. weib, OHG. wib, Icel. vif, Dan. viv; and perhaps to
Skr. vip excited, agitated, inspired, vip to tremble, L. vibrare to
vibrate, E. vibrate. Cf. Tacitus, [" Germania" 8]: Inesse quin etiam
sanctum aliquid et providum putant, nec aut consilia earum
aspernantur aut responsa neglegunt. Cf. Hussy a jade, Woman.]

1. A woman; an adult female; -- now used in literature only in
certain compounds and phrases, as alewife, fishwife, goodwife, and
the like. " Both men and wives." Piers Plowman.
On the green he saw sitting a wife. Chaucer.

2. The lawful consort of a man; a woman who is united to a man in
wedlock; a woman who has a husband; a married woman; -- correlative
of husband. " The husband of one wife." 1 Tin. iii. 2.
Let every one you . . . so love his wife even as himself, and the
wife see that she reverence her husband. Eph. v. 33.
To give to wife, To take to wife, to give or take (a woman) in
marriage.
 -- Wife's equity (Law), the equitable right or claim of a married
woman to a reasonable and adequate provision, by way of settlement or
otherwise, out of her choses in action, or out of any property of
hers which is under the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery, for
the support of herself and her children. Burrill.

WIFEHOOD
Wife"hood, n. Etym: [AS. wifhad.]

1. Womanhood. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. The state of being a wife; the character of a wife.

WIFELESS
Wife"less, a.

Defn: Without a wife; unmarried. Chaucer.

WIFELIKE
Wife"like`, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, a wife or a woman. " Wifelike
government." Shak.

WIFELY
Wife"ly, a. Etym: [AS. wiflic.]

Defn: Becoming or life; of or pertaining to a wife. "Wifely
patience." Chaucer.
With all the tenderness of wifely love. Dryden.

WIG
Wig, n. Etym: [Abbreviation from periwig.]

1. A covering for the head, consisting of hair interwoven or united
by a kind of network, either in imitation of the natural growth, or
in abundant and flowing curls, worn to supply a deficiency of natural
hair, or for ornament, or according to traditional usage, as a part
of an official or professional dress, the latter especially in
England by judges and barristers.

2. An old seal; -- so called by fishermen. Wig tree. (Bot.) See Smoke
tree, under Smoke.

WIG
Wig, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wigged; p. pr. & vb. n. Wigging.]

Defn: To censure or rebuke; to hold up to reprobation; to scold.
[Slang]

WIGAN
Wig"an, n.

Defn: A kind of canvaslike cotton fabric, used to stiffen and protect
the lower part of trousers and of the skirts of women's dresses,
etc.; -- so called from Wigan, the name of a town in Lancashire,
England.

WIGEON
Wi"geon, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A widgeon. [R.]

WIGG; WIG
Wigg, Wig, n. Etym: [Cf. D. wegge a sort of bread, G. weck, orig., a
wedge-shaped loaf or cake. See Wedge.]

Defn: A kind of raised seedcake. "Wiggs and ale." Pepys.

WIGGED
Wigged

Defn: , a. Having the head covered with a wig; wearing a wig.

WIGGERY
Wig"ger*y, n.

1. A wig or wigs; false hair. [R.] A. Trollope.

2. Any cover or screen, as red-tapism. [R.]
Fire peels the wiggeries away from them [facts.] Carlyle.

WIGGLE
Wig"gle, v. t. & i. Etym: [Cf. Wag, v. t., Waggle.]

Defn: To move to and fro with a quick, jerking motion; to bend
rapidly, or with a wavering motion, from side to side; to wag; to
squirm; to wriggle; as, the dog wiggles his tail; the tadpole wiggles
in the water. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]

WIGGLE
Wig"gle, n.

Defn: Act of wiggling; a wriggle. [Colloq.]

WIGGLER
Wig"gler, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The young, either larva or pupa, of the mosquito; -- called
also wiggletail.

WIGHER
Wig"her, v. i. Etym: [Cf. G. wiehern, E. whine.]

Defn: To neigh; to whinny. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

WIGHT
Wight, n.

Defn: Weight. [Obs.]

WIGHT
Wight, n. Etym: [OE. wight, wiht, a wight, a whit, AS. wiht, wuht, a
creature, a thing; skin to D. wicht a child, OS. & OHG. wiht a
creature, thing, G. wicht a creature, Icel. vætt a wight, vætt a
whit, Goth. waíhts, waíht, thing; cf. Russ. veshche a thing. Whit.]

1. A whit; a bit; a jot. [Obs.]
She was fallen asleep a little wight. Chaucer.

2. A supernatural being. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. A human being; a person, either male or female; -- now used
chiefly in irony or burlesque, or in humorous language. "Worst of all
wightes." Chaucer.
Every wight that hath discretion. Chaucer.
Oh, say me true if thou wert mortal wight. Milton.

WIGHT
Wight, a. Etym: [OE. wight, wiht, probably of Scand. origin; cf.
Icel. vigr in fighting condition, neut. vigh war, akin to AS. wig See
Vanquish.]

Defn: Swift; nimble; agile; strong and active. [Obs. or Poetic]
'T is full wight, God wot, as is a roe. Chaucer.
He was so wimble and so wight. Spenser.
They were Night and Day, and Day and Night, Pilgrims wight with steps
forthright. Emerson.

WIGHTLY
Wight"ly, adv.

Defn: Swiftly; nimbly; quickly. [Obs.]

WIGLESS
Wig"less, a.

Defn: Having or wearing no wig.

WIGWAG
Wig"wag`, v. i. Etym: [See Wag, v. t.] (Naut.)

Defn: To signal by means of a flag waved from side to side according
to a code adopted for the purpose. [Colloq.]

WIGWAM
Wig"wam, n. Etym: [From the Algonquin or Massachusetts Indian word
wek, "his house," or "dwelling place;" with possessive and locative
affixes, we-kou-om-ut, "in his (or their) house," contracted by the
English to weekwam, and wigwam.]

Defn: An Indian cabin or hut, usually of a conical form, and made of
a framework of poles covered with hides, bark, or mats; -- called
also tepee. [Sometimes written also weekwam.]
Very spacious was the wigwam, Made of deerskin dressed and whitened,
With the gods of the Dacotahs Drawn and painted on its curtains.
Longfellow.

Note: "The wigwam, or Indian house, of a circular or oval shape, was
made of bark or mats laid over a framework of branches of trees stuck
in the ground in such a manner as to converge at the top, where was a
central aperture for the escape of smoke from the fire beneath. The
better sort had also a lining of mats. For entrance and egress, two
low openings were left on opposite sides, one or the other of which
was closed with bark or mats, according to the direction of the
wind." Palfrey.

WIKE
Wike, n.

Defn: A temporary mark or boundary, as a bough of a tree set up in
marking out or dividing anything, as tithes, swaths to be mowed in
common ground, etc.; -- called also wicker. [Prov. Eng.]

WIKE
Wike, n. Etym: [AS. wic. See Wick a village.]

Defn: A home; a dwelling. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

WIKIUP
Wik"i*up`, n. [Of North American Indian origin; cf. Dakota wakeya,
wokeya.]

Defn: The hut used by the nomadic Indian tribes of the arid regions
of the west and southwest United States, typically elliptical in
form, with a rough frame covered with reed mats or grass or
brushwood.

WIKKE
Wik"ke, a.

Defn: Wicked. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WILD
Wild, a. [Compar. Wilder; superl. Wildest.] Etym: [OE. wilde, AS.
wilde; akin to OFries. wilde, D. wild, OS. & OHG. wildi, G. wild, Sw.
& Dan. vild, Icel. villr wild, bewildered, astray, Goth. wilpeis
wild, and G. & OHG. wild game, deer; of uncertain origin.]

1. Living in a state of nature; inhabiting natural haunts, as the
forest or open field; not familiar with, or not easily approached by,
man; not tamed or domesticated; as, a wild boar; a wild ox; a wild
cat.
Winter's not gone yet, if the wild geese fly that way. Shak.

2. Growing or produced without culture; growing or prepared without
the aid and care of man; native; not cultivated; brought forth by
unassisted nature or by animals not domesticated; as, wild parsnip,
wild camomile, wild strawberry, wild honey.
The woods and desert caves, With wild thyme and gadding vine
o'ergrown. Milton.

3. Desert; not inhabited or cultivated; as, wild land. "To trace the
forests wild." Shak.

4. Savage; uncivilized; not refined by culture; ferocious; rude; as,
wild natives of Africa or America.

5. Not submitted to restraint, training, or regulation; turbulent;
tempestuous; violent; ungoverned; licentious; inordinate; disorderly;
irregular; fanciful; imaginary; visionary; crazy. "Valor grown wild
by pride." Prior. "A wild, speculative project." Swift.
What are these So withered and so wild in their attire Shak.
With mountains, as with weapons, armed; which makes Wild work in
heaven. Milton.
The wild winds howl. Addison.
Search then the ruling passion, there, alone The wild are constant,
and the cunning known. Pope.

6. Exposed to the wind and sea; unsheltered; as, a wild roadstead.

7. Indicating strong emotion, intense excitement, or as, a wild look.

8. (Naut.)

Defn: Hard to steer; -- said of a vessel.

Note: Many plants are named by prefixing wild to the names of other
better known or cultivated plants to which they a bear a real or
fancied resemblance; as, wild allspice, wild pink, etc. See the
Phrases below.

To run wild, to go unrestrained or untamed; to live or untamed; to
live or grow without culture or training.
 -- To sow one's wild oats. See under Oat. Wild allspice. (Bot.),
spicewood.
 -- Wild balsam apple (Bot.), an American climbing cucurbitaceous
plant (Echinocystis lobata).
 -- Wild basil (Bot.), a fragrant labiate herb (Calamintha
Clinopodium) common in Europe and America.
 -- Wild bean (Bot.), a name of several leguminous plants, mostly
species of Phaseolus and Apios.
 -- Wild bee (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of undomesticated
social bees, especially the domestic bee when it has escaped from
domestication and built its nest in a hollow tree or among rocks.
 -- Wild bergamot. (Bot.) See under Bergamot.
 -- Wild boar (Zoöl.), the European wild hog (Sus scrofa), from which
the common domesticated swine is descended.
 -- Wild brier (Bot.), any uncultivated species of brier. See Brier.
 -- Wild bugloss (Bot.), an annual rough-leaved plant (Lycopsis
arvensis) with small blue flowers.
 -- Wild camomile (Bot.), one or more plants of the composite genus
Matricaria, much resembling camomile.
 -- Wild cat. (Zoöl.) (a) A European carnivore (Felis catus) somewhat
resembling the domestic cat, but larger stronger, and having a short
tail. It is destructive to the smaller domestic animals, such as
lambs, kids, poultry, and the like. (b) The common American lynx, or
bay lynx. (c) (Naut.) A wheel which can be adjusted so as to revolve
either with, or on, the shaft of a capstan. Luce.
 -- Wild celery. (Bot.) See Tape grass, under Tape.
 -- Wild cherry. (Bot.) (a) Any uncultivated tree which bears
cherries. The wild red cherry is Prunus Pennsylvanica. The wild black
cherry is P. serotina, the wood of which is much used for
cabinetwork, being of a light red color and a compact texture. (b)
The fruit of various species of Prunus.
 -- Wild cinnamon. See the Note under Canella.
 -- Wild comfrey (Bot.), an American plant (Cynoglossum Virginicum)
of the Borage family. It has large bristly leaves and small blue
flowers.
 -- Wild cumin (Bot.), an annual umbelliferous plant (Lagoecia
cuminoides) native in the countries about the Mediterranean.
 -- Wild drake (Zoöl.) the mallard.
 -- Wild elder (Bot.), an American plant (Aralia hispida) of the
Ginseng family.
 -- Wild fowl (Zoöl.) any wild bird, especially any of those
considered as game birds.
 -- Wild goose (Zoöl.), any one of several species of undomesticated
geese, especially the Canada goose (Branta Canadensis), the European
bean goose, and the graylag. See Graylag, and Bean goose, under Bean.
 -- Wild goose chase, the pursuit of something unattainable, or of
something as unlikely to be caught as the wild goose. Shak.
 -- Wild honey, honey made by wild bees, and deposited in trees,
rocks, the like.
 -- Wild hyacinth. (Bot.) See Hyacinth, 1 (b). Wild Irishman (Bot.),
a thorny bush (Discaria Toumatou) of the Buckthorn family, found in
New Zealand, where the natives use the spines in tattooing.
 -- Wild land. (a) Land not cultivated, or in a state that renders it
unfit for cultivation. (b) Land which is not settled and cultivated.
 -- Wild licorice. (Bot.) See under Licorice.
 -- Wild mammee (Bot.), the oblong, yellowish, acid fruit of a
tropical American tree (Rheedia lateriflora); -- so called in the
West Indies.
 -- Wild marjoram (Bot.), a labiate plant (Origanum vulgare) much
like the sweet marjoram, but less aromatic.
 -- Wild oat. (Bot.) (a) A tall, oatlike kind of soft grass
(Arrhenatherum avenaceum). (b) See Wild oats, under Oat.
 -- Wild pieplant (Bot.), a species of dock (Rumex hymenosepalus)
found from Texas to California. Its acid, juicy stems are used as a
substitute for the garden rhubarb.
 -- Wild pigeon. (Zoöl.) (a) The rock dove. (b) The passenger pigeon.
 -- Wild pink (Bot.), an American plant (Silene Pennsylvanica) with
pale, pinkish flowers; a kind of catchfly.
 -- Wild plantain (Bot.), an arborescent endogenous herb (Heliconia
Bihai), much resembling the banana. Its leaves and leaf sheaths are
much used in the West Indies as coverings for packages of
merchandise.
 -- Wild plum. (Bot.) (a) Any kind of plum growing without
cultivation. (b) The South African prune. See under Prune.
 -- Wild rice. (Bot.) See Indian rice, under Rice.
 -- Wild rosemary (Bot.), the evergreen shrub Andromeda polifolia.
See Marsh rosemary, under Rosemary.
 -- Wild sage. (Bot.) See Sagebrush.
 -- Wild sarsaparilla (Bot.), a species of ginseng (Aralia
nudicaulis) bearing a single long-stalked leaf.
 -- Wild sensitive plant (Bot.), either one of two annual leguminous
herbs (Cassia Chamæcrista, and C. nictitans), in both of which the
leaflets close quickly when the plant is disturbed.
 -- Wild service.(Bot.) See Sorb.
 -- Wild Spaniard (Bot.), any one of several umbelliferous plants of
the genus Aciphylla, natives of New Zealand. The leaves bear numerous
bayonetlike spines, and the plants form an impenetrable thicket.
 -- Wild turkey. (Zoöl.) See 2d Turkey.

WILD
Wild, n.

Defn: An uninhabited and uncultivated tract or region; a forest or
desert; a wilderness; a waste; as, the wilds of America; the wilds of
Africa.
then Libya first, of all her moisture drained, Became a barren waste,
a wild of sand. Addison.

WILD
Wild, adv.

Defn: Wildly; as, to talk wild. Shak.

WILD-CAT
Wild"-cat`, a.

1. Unsound; worthless; irresponsible; unsafe; -- said to have been
originally applied to the notes of an insolvent bank in Michigan upon
which there was the figure of a panther.

2. (Railroad)

Defn: Running without control; running along the line without a
train; as, a wild-cat locomotive.

WILDEBEEST
Wilde"beest`, n. Etym: [D. wild wild + beeste beast.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gnu.

WILDED
Wild"ed, a.

Defn: Become wild. [R.]
An old garden plant escaped and wilded. J. Earle.

WILDER
Wil"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wildered; p. pr. & vb. n. Wildering.]
Etym: [Akin to E. wild, Dan. forvilde to bewilder, Icel. villr
bewildered, villa to bewilder; cf. AS. wildor a wild animal. See
Wild, a., and cf. Wilderness.]

Defn: To bewilder; to perplex.
Long lost and wildered in the maze of fate. Pope.
Again the wildered fancy dreams Of spouting fountains, frozen as they
rose. Bryant.

WILDERING
Wild"er*ing, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant growing in a state of nature; especially, one which has
run wild, or escaped from cultivation.

WILDERMENT
Wil"der*ment, n.

Defn: The state of being bewildered; confusion; bewilderment.
And snatched her breathless from beneath This wilderment of wreck and
death. Moore.

WILDERNESS
Wil"der*ness, n. Etym: [OE. wildernesse, wilderne,probably from AS.
wildor a wild beast; cf. D. wildernis wilderness. See Wilder, v. t.]

1. A tract of land, or a region, uncultivated and uninhabited by
human beings, whether a forest or a wide, barren plain; a wild; a
waste; a desert; a pathless waste of any kind.
The wat'ry wilderness yields no supply. Waller.

2. A disorderly or neglected place. Cowper.

3. Quality or state of being wild; wildness. [Obs.]
These paths and bowers doubt not but our joint hands. Will keep from
wilderness with ease. Milton.

WILDFIRE
Wild"fire, n.

1. A composition of inflammable materials, which, kindled, is very
hard to quench; Greek fire.
Brimstone, pitch, wildfire . . . burn cruelly, and hard to quench.
Bacon.

2. (Med.)
(a) An old name for erysipelas.
(b) A disease of sheep, attended with inflammation of the skin.

3. A sort of lightning unaccompanied by thunder. [R.]

WILDGRAVE
Wild"grave`, n. Etym: [G. wildgraf or D. wildgraaf. See Wild, and cf.
Margrave.]

Defn: A waldgrave, or head forest keeper. See Waldgrave.
The wildgrave winds his bugle horn. Sir W. Scott.

WILDING
Wild"ing, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A wild or uncultivated plant; especially, a wild apple tree or
crab apple; also, the fruit of such a plant. Spenser.
Ten ruddy wildings in the wood I found. Dryden.
The fruit of the tree . . . is small, of little juice, and bad
quality. I presume it to be a wilding. Landor.

WILDING
Wild"ing, a.

Defn: Not tame, domesticated, or cultivated; wild. [Poetic] "Wilding
flowers." Tennyson.
The ground squirrel gayly chirps by his den, And the wilding bee hums
merrily by. Bryant.

WILDISH
Wild"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat wild; rather wild. "A wildish destiny." Wordsworth.

WILDLY
Wild"ly, adv.

Defn: In a wild manner; without cultivation; with disorder; rudely;
distractedly; extravagantly.

WILDNESS
Wild"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being wild; an uncultivated or untamed
state; disposition to rove or go unrestrained; rudeness; savageness;
irregularity; distraction.

WILDWOOD
Wild"wood, n.

Defn: A wild or unfrequented wood. Also used adjectively; as,
wildwood flowers; wildwood echoes. Burns.

WILE
Wile, n. Etym: [OE. wile, AS. wil; cf. Icel. v, væl. Cf. Guile.]

Defn: A trick or stratagem practiced for insnaring or deception; a
sly, insidious; artifice; a beguilement; an allurement.
Put on the whole armor of God, that ye may be able to stand against
the wiles of the devil. Eph. vi. 11.
Not more almighty to resist our might, Than wise to frustrate all our
plots and wiles. Milton.

WILE
Wile, v. t.

1. To practice artifice upon; to deceive; to beguile; to allure. [R.]
Spenser.

2. To draw or turn away, as by diversion; to while or while away; to
cause to pass pleasantly. Tennyson.

WILEFUL
Wile"ful, a.

Defn: Full of wiles; trickish; deceitful.

WILFLEY TABLE
Wil"fley ta`ble. (Ore Dressing)

Defn: An inclined percussion table, usually with longitudinal grooves
in its surface, agitated by side blows at right angles to the flow of
the pulp; -- so called after the inventor.

WILFUL; WILFULLY; WILFULNESS
Wil"ful, a., Wil"ful*ly, adv., Wil"ful*ness, n.

Defn: See Willful, Willfully, and Willfulness.

WILINESS
Wi"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being wily; craftiness; cunning; guile.

WILK
Wilk, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Whelk. [Obs.]

WILL
Will, n. Etym: [OE. wille, AS. willa; akin to OFries. willa, OS.
willeo, willio, D. wil, G. wille, Icel. vili, Dan. villie, Sw. vilja,
Goth wilja. See Will, v.]

1. The power of choosing; the faculty or endowment of the soul by
which it is capable of choosing; the faculty or power of the mind by
which we decide to do or not to do; the power or faculty of
preferring or selecting one of two or more objects.
It is necessary to form a distinct notion of what is meant by the
word "volition" in order to understand the import of the word will,
for this last word expresses the power of mind of which "volition" is
the act. Stewart.
Will is an ambiguous word, being sometimes put for the faculty of
willing; sometimes for the act of that faculty, besides [having]
other meanings. But "volition" always signifies the act of willing,
and nothing else. Reid.
Appetite is the will's solicitor, and the will is appetite's
controller; what we covet according to the one, by the other we often
reject. Hooker.
The will is plainly that by which the mind chooses anything. J.
Edwards.

2. The choice which is made; a determination or preference which
results from the act or exercise of the power of choice; a volition.
The word "will," however, is not always used in this its proper
acceptation, but is frequently substituted for "volition", as when I
say that my hand mover in obedience to my will. Stewart.

3. The choice or determination of one who has authority; a decree; a
command; discretionary pleasure.
Thy will be done. Matt. vi. 10.
Our prayers should be according to the will of God. Law.

4. Strong wish or inclination; desire; purpose.

Note: "Inclination is another word with which will is frequently
confounded. Thus, when the apothecary says, in Romeo and Juliet, --
My poverty, but not my will, consents; . . . Put this in any liquid
thing you will, And drink it off. the word will is plainly used as,
synonymous with inclination; not in the strict logical sense, as the
immediate antecedent of action. It is with the same latitude that the
word is used in common conversation, when we speak of doing a thing
which duty prescribes, against one's own will; or when we speak of
doing a thing willingly or unwillingly." Stewart.

5. That which is strongly wished or desired.
What's your will, good friar Shak.
The mariner hath his will. Coleridge.

6. Arbitrary disposal; power to control, dispose, or determine.
Deliver me not over unto the will of mine enemies. Ps. xxvii. 12.

7
7 (Law)

Defn: The legal declaration of a person's mind as to the manner in
which he would have his property or estate disposed of after his
death; the written instrument, legally executed, by which a man makes
disposition of his estate, to take effect after his death; testament;
devise. See the Note under Testament, 1.

Note: Wills are written or nuncupative, that is, oral. See
Nuncupative will, under Nuncupative. At will (Law), at pleasure. To
hold an estate at the will of another, is to enjoy the possession at
his pleasure, and be liable to be ousted at any time by the lessor or
proprietor. An estate at will is at the will of both parties.
 -- Good will. See under Good.
 -- Ill will, enmity; unfriendliness; malevolence.
 -- To have one's will, to obtain what is desired; to do what one
pleases.
 -- Will worship, worship according to the dictates of the will or
fancy; formal worship. [Obs.] -- Will worshiper, one who offers will
worship. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
 -- With a will, with willingness and zeal; with all one's heart or
strength; earnestly; heartily.

WILL
Will, v. t. & auxiliary. [imp. Would. Indic. present, I will (Obs. I
wol), thou wilt, he will (Obs. he wol); we, ye, they will.] Etym:
[OE. willen, imp. wolde; akin to OS. willan, OFries. willa, D.
willen, G. wollen, OHG. wollan, wellan, Icel. & Sw. vilja, Dan.
ville, Goth. wiljan, OSlav. voliti, L. velle to wish, volo I wish;
cf. Skr. vrs to choose, to prefer. Cf. Voluntary, Welcome, Well,
adv.]

1. To wish; to desire; to incline to have.
A wife as of herself no thing ne sholde [should] Wille in effect, but
as her husband wolde [would]. Chaucer.
Caleb said unto her, What will thou Judg. i. 14.
They would none of my counsel. Prov. i. 30.

2. As an auxiliary, will is used to denote futurity dependent on the
verb. Thus, in first person, "I will" denotes willingness, consent,
promise; and when "will" is emphasized, it denotes determination or
fixed purpose; as, I will go if you wish; I will go at all hazards.
In the second and third persons, the idea of distinct volition, wish,
or purpose is evanescent, and simple certainty is appropriately
expressed; as, "You will go," or "He will go," describes a future
event as a fact only. To emphasize will denotes (according to the
tone or context) certain futurity or fixed determination.

Note: Will, auxiliary, may be used elliptically for will go. "I'll to
her lodgings." Marlowe.

Note: As in shall (which see), the second and third persons may be
virtually converted into the first, either by question or indirect
statement, so as to receive the meaning which belongs to will in that
person; thus, "Will you go" (answer, "I will go") asks assent,
requests, etc.; while "Will he go" simply inquires concerning
futurity; thus, also,"He says or thinks he will go," "You say or
think you will go," both signify willingness or consent.

Note: Would, as the preterit of will, is chiefly employed in
conditional, subjunctive, or optative senses; as, he would go if he
could; he could go if he would; he said that he would go; I would
fain go, but can not; I would that I were young again; and other like
phrases. In the last use, the first personal pronoun is often
omitted; as, would that he were here; would to Heaven that it were
so; and, omitting the to in such an adjuration. "Would God I had died
for thee." Would is used for both present and future time, in
conditional propositions, and would have for past time; as, he would
go now if he were ready; if it should rain, he would not go; he would
have gone, had he been able. Would not, as also will not, signifies
refusal. "He was angry, and would not go in." Luke xv. 28. Would is
never a past participle.

Note: In Ireland, Scotland, and the United States, especially in the
southern and western portions of the United States, shall and will,
should and would, are often misused, as in the following examples: --
I am able to devote as much time and attention to other subjects as I
will [shall] be under the necessity of doing next winter. Chalmers.
A countryman, telling us what he had seen, remarked that if the
conflagration went on, as it was doing, we would [should] have, as
our next season's employment, the Old Town of Edinburgh to rebuild.
H. Miller.
I feel assured that I will [shall] not have the misfortune to find
conflicting views held by one so enlightened as your excellency. J.
Y. Mason.

WILL
Will, v. i.

Defn: To be willing; to be inclined or disposed; to be pleased; to
wish; to desire.
And behold, there came a leper and worshiped him, saying, Lord if
thou wilt, thou canst make me clean. And Jesus . . . touched him,
saying, I will; be thou clean. Matt. viii. 2, 3.

Note: This word has been confused with will, v. i., to choose, which,
unlike this, is of the weak conjugation. Will I, nill I, or Will ye,
hill ye, or Will he, nill he, whether I, you, or he will it or not;
hence, without choice; compulsorily; -- sometimes corrupted into
willy nilly. "If I must take service willy nilly." J. H. Newman.
"Land for all who would till it, and reading and writing will ye,
nill ye." Lowell.

WILL
Will, v. t. [imp. & p. p Willed; p. pr. & vb. n. Willing. Indic.
present I will, thou willeth, he wills; we, ye, they will.] Etym:
[Cf. AS. willian. See Will, n.]

1. To form a distinct volition of; to determine by an act of choice;
to ordain; to decree. "What she will to do or say." Milton.
By all law and reason, that which the Parliament will not, is no more
established in this kingdom. Milton.
Two things he [God] willeth, that we should be good, and that we
should be happy. Barrow.

2. To enjoin or command, as that which is determined by an act of
volition; to direct; to order. [Obs. or R.]
They willed me say so, madam. Shak.
Send for music, And will the cooks to use their best of cunning To
please the palate. Beau. & Fl.
As you go, will the lord mayor . . . To attend our further pleasure
presently. J. Webster.

3. To give or direct the disposal of by testament; to bequeath; to
devise; as, to will one's estate to a child; also, to order or direct
by testament; as, he willed that his nephew should have his watch.

WILL
Will, v. i.

Defn: To exercise an act of volition; to choose; to decide; to
determine; to decree.
At Winchester he lies, so himself willed. Robert of Brunne.
He that shall turn his thoughts inward upon what passes in his own
mind when he wills. Locke.
I contend for liberty as it signifies a power in man to do as he
wills or pleases. Collins.

WILLEMITE
Wil"lem*ite, n. Etym: [From Willem I., king of the Netherlands.]
(Min.)

Defn: A silicate of zinc, usually occurring massive and of a greenish
yellow color, also in reddish crystals (troostite) containing
manganese.

WILLER
Will"er, n.

Defn: One who wills.

WILLET
Wil"let, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large North American snipe (Symphemia semipalmata); -- called
also pill-willet, will-willet, semipalmated tattler, or snipe, duck
snipe, and stone curlew. Carolina willet, the Hudsonian godwit.

WILLFUL
Will"ful, a. Etym: [Will + full.] Etym: [Written also wilful.]

1. Of set purpose; self-determined; voluntary; as, willful murder.
Foxe.
In willful poverty chose to lead his life. Chaucer.
Thou to me Art all things under heaven, all places thou, Who, for my
willful crime, art banished hence. Milton.

2. Governed by the will without yielding to reason; obstinate;
perverse; inflexible; stubborn; refractory; as, a willful man or
horse.
 -- Will"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Will"ful*ness, n.

WILLIER
Wil"li*er, n.

Defn: One who works at a willying machine.

WILLING
Will"ing, a. Etym: [From Will, v. t.]

1. Free to do or to grant; having the mind inclined; not opposed in
mind; not choosing to refuse; disposed; not averse; desirous;
consenting; complying; ready.
Felix, willing to show the Jews a pleasure, left Paul bound. Acts
xxiv. 27.
With wearied wings and willing feet. Milton.
[Fruit] shaken in August from the willing boughs. Bryant.

2. Received of choice, or without reluctance; submitted to
voluntarily; chosen; desired.
[They] are held, with his melodious harmony, In willing chains and
sweet captivity. Milton.

3. Spontaneous; self-moved. [R.]
No spouts of blood run willing from a tree. Dryden.

WILLINGLY
Will"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a willing manner; with free will; without reluctance;
cheerfully. Chaucer.
The condition of that people is not so much to be envied as some
would willingly represent it. Addison.

WILLINGNESS
Will"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being willing; free choice or consent
of the will; freedom from reluctance; readiness of the mind to do or
forbear.
Sweet is the love which comes with willingness. Dryden.

WILLIWAW; WILLYWAW
Wil"li*waw, Wil"ly*waw, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A whirlwind, or whirlwind squall, encountered in the Straits of
Magellan. W. C. Russell.

WILLOCK
Wil"lock, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The common guillemot.
(b) The puffin. [Prov. Eng.]

WILL-O'-THE-WISP
Will"-o'-the-wisp`, n.

Defn: See Ignis fatuus.

WILLOW
Wil"low, n. Etym: [OE. wilowe, wilwe, AS. wilig, welig; akin to OD.
wilge, D. wilg, LG. wilge. Cf. Willy.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any tree or shrub of the genus Salix, including many species,
most of which are characterized often used as an emblem of sorrow,
desolation, or desertion. "A wreath of willow to show my forsaken
plight." Sir W. Scott. Hence, a lover forsaken by, or having lost,
the person beloved, is said to wear the willow.
And I must wear the willow garland For him that's dead or false to
me. Campbell.

2. (Textile Manuf.)

Defn: A machine in which cotton or wool is opened and cleansed by the
action of long spikes projecting from a drum which revolves within a
box studded with similar spikes; -- probably so called from having
been originally a cylindrical cage made of willow rods, though some
derive the term from winnow, as denoting the winnowing, or cleansing,
action of the machine. Called also willy, twilly, twilly devil, and
devil. Almond willow, Pussy willow, Weeping willow. (Bot.) See under
Almond, Pussy, and Weeping.
 -- Willow biter (Zoöl.) the blue tit. [Prov. Eng.] -- Willow fly
(Zoöl.), a greenish European stone fly (Chloroperla viridis); --
called also yellow Sally.
 -- Willow gall (Zoöl.), a conical, scaly gall produced on willows by
the larva of a small dipterous fly (Cecidomyia strobiloides).
 -- Willow grouse (Zoöl.), the white ptarmigan. See ptarmigan.
 -- Willow lark (Zoöl.), the sedge warbler. [Prov. Eng.] -- Willow
ptarmigan (Zoöl.) (a) The European reed bunting, or black-headed
bunting. See under Reed. (b) A sparrow (Passer salicicolus) native of
Asia, Africa, and Southern Europe.
 -- Willow tea, the prepared leaves of a species of willow largely
grown in the neighborhood of Shanghai, extensively used by the poorer
classes of Chinese as a substitute for tea. McElrath.
 -- Willow thrush (Zoöl.), a variety of the veery, or Wilson's
thrush. See Veery.
 -- Willow warbler (Zoöl.), a very small European warbler
(Phylloscopus trochilus); -- called also bee bird, haybird, golden
wren, pettychaps, sweet William, Tom Thumb, and willow wren.

WILLOW
Wil"low, v. t.

Defn: To open and cleanse, as cotton, flax, or wool, by means of a
willow. See Willow, n., 2.

WILLOWED
Wil"lowed, a.

Defn: Abounding with willows; containing willows; covered or
overgrown with willows. "Willowed meads." Collins.

WILLOWER
Wil"low*er, n.

Defn: A willow. See Willow, n., 2.

WILLOW-HERB
Wil"low-herb`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial herb (Epilobium spicatum) with narrow willowlike
leaves and showy rose-purple flowers. The name is sometimes made to
include other species of the same genus. Spiked willow-herb, a
perennial herb (Lythrum Salicaria) with willowy leaves and spiked
purplish flowers.

WILLOWISH
Wil"low*ish, a.

Defn: Having the color of the willow; resembling the willow; willowy.
Walton.

WILLOW-THORN
Wil"low-thorn`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A thorny European shrub (Hippophaë rhamnoides) resembling a
willow.

WILLOW-WEED
Wil"low-weed`, n. (Bot.)
(a) A European species of loosestrife (Lysimachia vulgaris).
(b) Any kind of Polygonum with willowlike foliage.

WILLOW-WORT
Wil"low-wort`, n. (Bot.)
(a) Same as Willow-weed.
(b) Any plant of the order Salicaceæ, or the Willow family.

WILLOWY
Wil"low*y, a.

1. Abounding with willows.
Where willowy Camus lingers with delight. Gray.

2. Resembling a willow; pliant; flexible; pendent; drooping;
graceful.

WILLSOME
Will"some, a. Etym: [Written also wilsome.]

1. Willful; obstinate. [Obs.]

2. Fat; indolent. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

3. Doubtful; uncertain. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
 -- Will"some*ness, n. [Obs.]

WILLY
Wil"ly, n. Etym: [Cf. Willow.]

1. A large wicker basket. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. (Textile Manuf.)

Defn: Same as 1st Willow, 2.

WILLYING
Wil"ly*ing, n.

Defn: The process of cleansing wool, cotton, or the like, with a
willy, or willow. Willying machine. Same as 1st Willow, 2

WILLY NILLY
Wil"ly nil"ly.

Defn: See Will I, nill I, etc., under 3d Will.

WILNE
Wil"ne, v. t. Etym: [AS. wilnian.]

Defn: To wish; to desire. [Obs.] "He willneth no destruction."
Chaucer.

WILT
Wilt,

Defn: 2d pers. sing. of Will.

WILT
Wilt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wilting.] Etym: [Written also welt, a
modification of welk.]

Defn: To begin to wither; to lose freshness and become flaccid, as a
plant when exposed when exposed to drought, or to great heat in a dry
day, or when separated from its root; to droop;. to wither. [Prov.
Eng. & U. S.]

WILT
Wilt, v. t.

1. To cause to begin to wither; to make flaccid, as a green plant.
[Prov. Eng. U. S.]

2. Hence, to cause to languish; to depress or destroy the vigor and
energy of. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.]
Despots have wilted the human race into sloth and imbecility. Dr. T.
Dwight.

WILTON CARPET
Wil"ton car`pet.

Defn: A kind of carpet woven with loops like the Brussels, but
differing from it in having the loops cut so as to form an elastic
velvet pile; -- so called because made originally at Wilton, England.

WILWE
Wil"we, n.

Defn: Willow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WILY
Wil"y, a. [Compar. Wilier; superl. Wiliest.] Etym: [From Wile.]

Defn: Full of wiles, tricks, or stratagems; using craft or stratagem
to accomplish a purpose; mischievously artful; subtle. "Wily and
wise." Chaucer. "The wily snake." Milton.
This false, wily, doubling disposition of mind. South.

Syn.
 -- Cunning; artful; sly; crafty. See Cunning.

WIMBLE
Wim"ble, n. Etym: [OE. wimbil; akin to Dan. vimmel, OD. wemelen to
bore. Cf. Gimlet.]

Defn: An instrument for boring holes, turned by a handle.
Specifically:
(a) A gimlet. " It is but like the little wimble, to let in the
greater auger." Selden.
(b) A stonecutter's brace for boring holes in stone.
(c) An auger used for boring in earth.

WIMBLE
Wim"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wimbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Wimbling.]

Defn: To bore or pierce, as with a wimble. "A foot soldier . . .
wimbled also a hole through said coffin." Wood.

WIMBLE
Wim"ble, a. Etym: [Cf. Sw. vimmelkantig giddy, whimsical, dial. Sw.
vimmla to be giddy or skittish, and E. whim.]

Defn: Active; nimble.[Obs.] Spenser.

WIMBREL
Wim"brel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The whimbrel.

WIMPLE
Wim"ple, n. Etym: [OE. wimpel, AS. winpel; akin to D. & G. wimpel a
pennant, streamer, OHG. wimpal a veil, Icel. vimpill, Dan. & Sw.
vimpel a pennant, streamer; of uncertain origin. Cf. Gimp.]

1. A covering of silk, linen, or other material, for the neck and
chin, formerly worn by women as an outdoor protection, and still
retained in the dress of nuns.
Full seemly her wympel ipinched is. Chaucer.
For she had laid her mournful stole aside, And widowlike sad wimple
thrown away. Spenser.
Then Vivian rose, And from her brown-locked head the wimple throws.
M. Arnold.

2. A flag or streamer. Weale.

WIMPLE
Wim"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wimpled; p. pr. & vb. n. Wimpling.]

1. To clothe with a wimple; to cover, as with a veil; hence, to
hoodwink. "She sat ywympled well." Chaucer.
This wimpled, whining, purblind, wayward boy. Shak.

2. To draw down, as a veil; to lay in folds or plaits, as a veil.

3. To cause to appear as if laid in folds or plaits; to cause to
ripple or undulate; as, the wind wimples the surface of water.

WIMPLE
Wim"ple, v. i.

Defn: To lie in folds; also, to appear as if laid in folds or plaits;
to ripple; to undulate. "Wimpling waves." Longfellow.
For with a veil, that wimpled everywhere, Her head and face was hid.
Spenser.
With me through . . . meadows stray, Where wimpling waters make their
way. Ramsay.

WIN
Win, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Won, Obs. Wan (; p. pr. & vb. n. Winning.]
Etym: [OE. winnen, AS. winnan to strive, labor, fight, endure; akin
to OFries. winna, OS. winnan, D. winnen to win, gain, G. gewinnen,
OHG. winnan to strive, struggle, Icel. vinna to labor, suffer, win,
Dan. vinde to win, Sw. vinna, Goth. winnan to suffer, Skr.van to
wish, get, gain, conquer. sq. root138. Cf. Venerate, Winsome, Wish,
Wont, a.]

1. To gain by superiority in competition or contest; to obtain by
victory over competitors or rivals; as, to win the prize in a gate;
to win money; to win a battle, or to win a country. "This city for to
win." Chaucer. "Who thus shall Canaan win." Milton.
Thy well-breathed horse Impels the flying car, and wins the course.
Dryden.

2. To allure to kindness; to bring to compliance; to gain or obtain,
as by solicitation or courtship.
Thy virtue wan me; with virtue preserve me. Sir P. Sidney.
She is a woman; therefore to be won. Shak.

3. To gain over to one's side or party; to obtain the favor,
friendship, or support of; to render friendly or approving; as, to
win an enemy; to win a jury.

4. To come to by toil or effort; to reach; to overtake. [Archaic]
Even in the porch he him did win. Spenser.
And when the stony path began, By which the naked peak they wan, Up
flew the snowy ptarmigan. Sir W. Scott.

5. (Mining)

Defn: To extract, as ore or coal. Raymond.

Syn.
 -- To gain; get; procure; earn. See Gain.

WIN
Win, v. i.

Defn: To gain the victory; to be successful; to triumph; to prevail.
Nor is it aught but just That he, who in debate of truth hath won,
should win in arms. Milton.
To win of, to be conqueror over. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- To win on or upon. (a) To gain favor or influence with. "You have
a softness and beneficence winning on the hearts of others." Dryden.
(b) To gain ground on. "The rabble . . . will in time win upon
power." Shak.

WINCE
Wince, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Winced; p. pr. & vb. n. Wincing.] Etym:
[OE. wincen, winchen, OF. quencir, guenchir, guenchier, giencier,
guinchier, and (assumed) winchier, winchir, to give way, to turn
aside, fr. OHG. wankjan, wenken, to give way, to waver, fr. winchan
to turn aside, to nod, akin to E. wink. See Wink.]

1. To shrink, as from a blow, or from pain; to flinch; to start back.
I will not stir, nor wince, nor speak a word. Shak.

2. To kick or flounce when unsteady, or impatient at a rider; as, a
horse winces.

WINCE
Wince, n.

Defn: The act of one who winces.

WINCE
Wince, n. Etym: [See Winch.] (Dyeing & Calico Printing)

Defn: A reel used in dyeing, steeping, or washing cloth; a winch. It
is placed over the division wall between two wince pits so as to
allow the cloth to descend into either compartment. at will. Wince
pit, Wince pot, a tank or a pit where cloth in the process of dyeing
or manufacture is washed, dipped in a mordant, or the like.

WINCER
Win"cer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, winces, shrinks, or kicks.

WINCEY
Win"cey, n.

Defn: Linsey-woolsey.

WINCH
Winch, v. i. Etym: [See Wince.]

Defn: To wince; to shrink; to kick with impatience or uneasiness.

WINCH
Winch, n.

Defn: A kick, as of a beast, from impatience or uneasiness. Shelton.

WINCH
Winch, n. Etym: [OE. winche, AS. wince a winch, a reel to wind thread
upon. Cf. Wink.]

1. A crank with a handle, for giving motion to a machine, a
grindstone, etc.

2. An instrument with which to turn or strain something forcibly.

3. An axle or drum turned by a crank with a handle, or by power, for
raising weights, as from the hold of a ship, from mines, etc.; a
windlass.

4. A wince.

WINCING
Win"cing, n.

Defn: The act of washing cloth, dipping it in dye, etc., with a
wince. Wincing machine. (a) A wince. Ure. (b) A succession of winces.
See Wince. Knight.

WINCOPIPE
Win"co*pipe, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A little red flower, no doubt the pimpernel, which, when it
opens in the morning, is supposed to bode a fair day. See Pimpernel.
There is small red flower in the stubble fields, which country people
call the wincopipe; which if it opens in the morning, you may be sure
a fair day will follow. Bacon.

WIND
Wind, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wound (wound) (rarely Winded); p. pr. & vb.
n. Winding.] Etym: [OE. winden, AS. windan; akin to OS. windan, D. &
G. winden, OHG. wintan, Icel. & Sw. vinda, Dan. vinde, Goth. windan
(in comp.). Cf. Wander, Wend.]

1. To turn completely, or with repeated turns; especially, to turn
about something fixed; to cause to form convolutions about anything;
to coil; to twine; to twist; to wreathe; as, to wind thread on a
spool or into a ball.
Whether to wind The woodbine round this arbor. Milton.

2. To entwist; to infold; to encircle.
Sleep, and I will wind thee in arms. Shak.

3. To have complete control over; to turn and bend at one's pleasure;
to vary or alter or will; to regulate; to govern. "To turn and wind a
fiery Pegasus." Shak.
In his terms so he would him wind. Chaucer.
Gifts blind the wise, and bribes do please And wind all other
witnesses. Herrick.
Were our legislature vested in the prince, he might wind and turn our
constitution at his pleasure. Addison.

4. To introduce by insinuation; to insinuate.
You have contrived . . . to wind Yourself into a power tyrannical.
Shak.
Little arts and dexterities they have to wind in such things into
discourse. Gov. of Tongue.

5. To cover or surround with something coiled about; as, to wind a
rope with twine. To wind off, to unwind; to uncoil.
 -- To wind out, to extricate. [Obs.] Clarendon.
 -- To wind up. (a) To coil into a ball or small compass, as a skein
of thread; to coil completely. (b) To bring to a conclusion or
settlement; as, to wind up one's affairs; to wind up an argument. (c)
To put in a state of renewed or continued motion, as a clock, a
watch, etc., by winding the spring, or that which carries the weight;
hence, to prepare for continued movement or action; to put in order
anew. "Fate seemed to wind him up for fourscore years." Dryden. "Thus
they wound up his temper to a pitch." Atterbury. (d) To tighten (the
strings) of a musical instrument, so as to tune it. "Wind up the
slackened strings of thy lute." Waller.

WIND
Wind, v. i.

1. To turn completely or repeatedly; to become coiled about anything;
to assume a convolved or spiral form; as, vines wind round a pole.
So swift your judgments turn and wind. Dryden.

2. To have a circular course or direction; to crook; to bend; to
meander; as, to wind in and out among trees.
And where the valley winded out below, The murmuring main was heard,
and scarcely heard, to flow. Thomson.
He therefore turned him to the steep and rocky path which . . .
winded through the thickets of wild boxwood and other low aromatic
shrubs. Sir W. Scott.

3. To go to the one side or the other; to move this way and that; to
double on one's course; as, a hare pursued turns and winds.
The lowing herd wind Gray.
To wind out, to extricate one's self; to escape. Long struggling
underneath are they could wind Out of such prison. Milton.

WIND
Wind, n.

Defn: The act of winding or turning; a turn; a bend; a twist; a
winding.

WIND
Wind (wînd, in poetry and singing often wind; 277), n. Etym: [AS.
wind; akin to OS., OFries., D., & G. wind, OHG. wint, Dan. & Sw.
vind, Icel. vindr, Goth winds, W. gwynt, L. ventus, Skr. vata (cf.
Gr. 'ah`ths a blast, gale, 'ah^nai to breathe hard, to blow, as the
wind); originally a p. pr. from the verb seen in Skr. va to blow,
akin to AS. wawan, D. waaijen, G. wehen, OHG. waen, wajen, Goth.
waian. sq. root131. Cf. Air, Ventail, Ventilate, Window, Winnow.]

1. Air naturally in motion with any degree of velocity; a current of
air.
Except wind stands as never it stood, It is an ill wind that turns
none to good. Tusser
.
Winds were soft, and woods were green. Longfellow.

2. Air artificially put in motion by any force or action; as, the
wind of a cannon ball; the wind of a bellows.

3. Breath modulated by the respiratory and vocal organs, or by an
instrument.
Their instruments were various in their kind, Some for the bow, and
some for breathing wind. Dryden.

4. Power of respiration; breath.
If my wind were but long enough to say my prayers, I would repent.
Shak.

5. Air or gas generated in the stomach or bowels; flatulence; as, to
be troubled with wind.

6. Air impregnated with an odor or scent.
A pack of dogfish had him in the wind. Swift.

7. A direction from which the wind may blow; a point of the compass;
especially, one of the cardinal points, which are often called the
four winds.
Come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe upon these slain.
Ezek. xxxvii. 9.

Note: This sense seems to have had its origin in the East. The
Hebrews gave to each of the four cardinal points the name of wind.

8. (Far.)

Defn: A disease of sheep, in which the intestines are distended with
air, or rather affected with a violent inflammation. It occurs
immediately after shearing.

9. Mere breath or talk; empty effort; idle words.
Nor think thou with wind Of airy threats to awe. Milton.

10. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dotterel. [Prov. Eng.]

Note: Wind is often used adjectively, or as the first part of
compound words. All in the wind. (Naut.) See under All, n.
 -- Before the wind. (Naut.) See under Before.
 -- Between wind and water (Naut.), in that part of a ship's side or
bottom which is frequently brought above water by the rolling of the
ship, or fluctuation of the water's surface. Hence, colloquially, (as
an injury to that part of a vessel, in an engagement, is particularly
dangerous) the vulnerable part or point of anything.
 -- Cardinal winds. See under Cardinal, a.
 -- Down the wind. (a) In the direction of, and moving with, the
wind; as, birds fly swiftly down the wind. (b) Decaying; declining;
in a state of decay. [Obs.] "He went down the wind still."
L'Estrange.
 -- In the wind's eye (Naut.), directly toward the point from which
the wind blows.
 -- Three sheets in the wind, unsteady from drink. [Sailors' Slang] -
- To be in the wind, to be suggested or expected; to be a matter of
suspicion or surmise. [Colloq.] -- To carry the wind (Man.), to toss
the nose as high as the ears, as a horse.
 -- To raise the wind, to procure money. [Colloq.] -- To take, or
have, the wind, to gain or have the advantage. Bacon.
 -- To take the wind out of one's sails, to cause one to stop, or
lose way, as when a vessel intercepts the wind of another. [Colloq.]
-- To take wind, or To get wind, to be divulged; to become public;
as, the story got wind, or took wind.
 -- Wind band (Mus.), a band of wind instruments; a military band;
the wind instruments of an orchestra.
 -- Wind chest (Mus.), a chest or reservoir of wind in an organ.
 -- Wind dropsy. (Med.) (a) Tympanites. (b) Emphysema of the
subcutaneous areolar tissue.
 -- Wind egg, an imperfect, unimpregnated, or addled egg.
 -- Wind furnace. See the Note under Furnace.
 -- Wind gauge. See under Gauge.
 -- Wind gun. Same as Air gun.
 -- Wind hatch (Mining), the opening or place where the ore is taken
out of the earth.
 -- Wind instrument (Mus.), an instrument of music sounded by means
of wind, especially by means of the breath, as a flute, a clarinet,
etc.
 -- Wind pump, a pump moved by a windmill.
 -- Wind rose, a table of the points of the compass, giving the
states of the barometer, etc., connected with winds from the
different directions.
 -- Wind sail. (a) (Naut.) A wide tube or funnel of canvas, used to
convey a stream of air for ventilation into the lower compartments of
a vessel. (b) The sail or vane of a windmill.
 -- Wind shake, a crack or incoherence in timber produced by violent
winds while the timber was growing.
 -- Wind shock, a wind shake.
 -- Wind side, the side next the wind; the windward side. [R.] Mrs.
Browning.
 -- Wind rush (Zoöl.), the redwing. [Prov. Eng.] -- Wind wheel, a
motor consisting of a wheel moved by wind.
 -- Wood wind (Mus.), the flutes and reed instruments of an
orchestra, collectively.

WIND
Wind, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Winded; p. pr. & vb. n. Winding.]

1. To expose to the wind; to winnow; to ventilate.

2. To perceive or follow by the scent; to scent; to nose; as, the
hounds winded the game.

3.
(a) To drive hard, or force to violent exertion, as a horse, so as to
render scant of wind; to put out of breath.
(b) To rest, as a horse, in order to allow the breath to be
recovered; to breathe. To wind a ship (Naut.), to turn it end for
end, so that the wind strikes it on the opposite side.

WIND
Wind, v. t. Etym: [From Wind, moving air, but confused in sense and
in conjugation with wind to turn.] [imp. & p. p. Wound (wound), R.
Winded; p. pr. & vb. n. Winding.]

Defn: To blow; to sound by blowing; esp., to sound with prolonged and
mutually involved notes. "Hunters who wound their horns." Pennant.
Ye vigorous swains, while youth ferments your blood, . . . Wind the
shrill horn. Pope.
That blast was winded by the king. Sir W. Scott.

WINDAGE
Wind"age, n. Etym: [From Wind air in motion.]

1. (Gun.)

Defn: The difference between the diameter of the bore of a gun and
that of the shot fired from it.

2. The sudden compression of the air caused by a projectile in
passing close to another body.

WINDAS
Wind"as, n.

Defn: See 3d Windlass. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WINDBORE
Wind"bore`, n.

Defn: The lower, or bottom, pipe in a lift of pumps in a mine.
Ansted.

WINDBOUND
Wind"bound`, a. (Naut.)

Defn: prevented from sailing, by a contrary wind. See Weatherbound.

WIND-BREAK
Wind"-break`, v. t.

Defn: To break the wind of; to cause to lose breath; to exhaust. [R.]
'T would wind-break a mule to vie burdens with her. Ford.

WIND-BREAK
Wind"-break`, n.

Defn: A clump of trees serving for a protection against the force of
wind. [Local, U. S.]

WIND-BROKEN
Wind"-bro`ken, a.

Defn: Having the power of breathing impaired by the rupture,
dilatation, or running together of air cells of the lungs, so that
while the inspiration is by one effort, the expiration is by two;
affected with pulmonary emphysema or with heaves; -- said of a horse.
Youatt.

WINDER
Wind"er, n. Etym: [From Wind to turn.]

1. One who, or that which, winds; hence, a creeping or winding plant.

2. An apparatus used for winding silk, cotton, etc., on spools,
bobbins, reels, or the like.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: One in a flight of steps which are curved in plan, so that each
tread is broader at one end than at the other; -- distinguished from
flyer.

WINDER
Wind"er, v. t. & i. Etym: [Prov. E. winder a fan, and to winnow.
Winnow.]

Defn: To fan; to clean grain with a fan. [Prov. Eng.]

WINDER
Wind"er, n.

Defn: A blow taking away the breath. [Slang]

WINDER
Wind"er, v. i.

Defn: To wither; to fail. [Obs.] Holland.

WINDFALL
Wind"fall`, n.

1. Anything blown down or off by the wind, as fruit from a tree, or
the tree itself, or a portion of a forest prostrated by a violent
wind, etc. "They became a windfall upon the sudden." Bacon.

2. An unexpected legacy, or other gain.
He had a mighty windfall out of doubt. B. Jonson.

WINDFALLEN
Wind"fall`en, a.

Defn: Blown down by the wind.

WIND-FERTILIZED
Wind"-fer`ti*lized, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Anemophilous; fertilized by pollen borne by the wind.

WINDFLOWER
Wind"flow`er, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The anemone; -- so called because formerly supposed to open
only when the wind was blowing. See Anemone.

WINDGALL
Wind"gall`, n. (Far.)

Defn: A soft tumor or synovial swelling on the fetlock joint of a
horse; -- so called from having formerly been supposed to contain
air.

WINDHOVER
Wind"hov`er, n. Etym: [From its habit of hovering over one spot.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The kestrel; -- called also windbibber, windcuffer, windfanner.
[Prov. Eng.]

WINDINESS
Wind"i*ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being windy or tempestuous; as, the
windiness of the weather or the season.

2. Fullness of wind; flatulence.

3. Tendency to generate wind or gas; tendency to produce flatulence;
as, the windiness of vegetables.

4. Tumor; puffiness.
The swelling windiness of much knowledge. Brerewood.

WINDING
Wind"ing, n. Etym: [From Wind to blow.] (Naut.)

Defn: A call by the boatswain's whistle.

WINDING
Wind"ing, a. Etym: [From Wind to twist.]

Defn: Twisting from a direct line or an even surface; circuitous.
Keble.

WINDING
Wind"ing, n.

Defn: A turn or turning; a bend; a curve; flexure; meander; as, the
windings of a road or stream.
To nurse the saplings tall, and curl the grove With ringlets quaint,
and wanton windings wove. Milton.

Defn: A line- or ribbon-shaped material (as wire, string, or
bandaging) wound around an object; as, the windings (conducting
wires) wound around the armature of an electric motor or generator.
Winding engine, an engine employed in mining to draw up buckets from
a deep pit; a hoisting engine.
 -- Winding sheet, a sheet in which a corpse is wound or wrapped.
 -- Winding tackle (Naut.), a tackle consisting of a fixed triple
block, and a double or triple movable block, used for hoisting heavy
articles in or out of a vessel. Totten.

WINDINGLY
Wind"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a winding manner.

WINDJAMMER
Wind"jam`mer, n.

1. (Naut.) A sailing vessel or one of its crew; -- orig. so called
contemptuously by sailors on steam vessels. [Colloq.]

2.  An army bugler or trumpeter; any performer on a wind instrument.
[Slang]

WINDLACE
Wind"lace, n. & v.

Defn: See Windlass. [Obs.]
Two arblasts, . . . with windlaces and quarrels. Sir W. Scott.

WINDLASS
Wind"lass, n.Etym: [Perhaps from wind to turn + lace.]

Defn: A winding and circuitous way; a roundabout course; a shift.

WINDLASS
Wind"lass, v. i.

Defn: To take a roundabout course; to work warily or by indirect
means. [Obs.] Hammond.

WINDLASS
Wind"lass, n. Etym: [OE. windelas, windas, Icel. vindilass, vindas,
fr. vinda to wind + ass a pole; cf. Goth. ans a beam. See Wind to
turn.]

1. A machine for raising weights, consisting of a horizontal cylinder
or roller moving on its axis, and turned by a crank, lever, or
similar means, so as to wind up a rope or chain attached to the
weight. In vessels the windlass is often used instead of the capstan
for raising the anchor. It is usually set upon the forecastle, and is
worked by hand or steam.

2. An apparatus resembling a winch or windlass, for bending the bow
of an arblast, or crossbow. [Obs.] Shak. Chinese windlass. See
Differential windlass, under Differential.

WINDLASS
Wind"lass, v. t. & i.

Defn: To raise with, or as with, a windlass; to use a windlass. The
Century.

WINDLE
Win"dle, n. Etym: [From Wind to turn.]

1. A spindle; a kind of reel; a winch.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The redwing. [Prov. Eng.]

WINDLESS
Wind"less, a.

1. Having no wind; calm.

2. Wanting wind; out of breath.

WINDLESTRAE; WINDLESTRAW
Win"dle*strae`, Win"dle*straw`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A grass used for making ropes or for plaiting, esp. Agrostis
Spica-ventis. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Shelley.

WINDMILL
Wind"mill`, n.

Defn: A mill operated by the power of the wind, usually by the action
of the wind upon oblique vanes or sails which radiate from a
horizontal shaft. Chaucer.

WINDORE
Win"dore, n. Etym: [A corrupt. of window; or perh. coined on the
wrong assumption that window is from wind + door.]

Defn: A window. [Obs.] Hudibras.

WINDOW
Win"dow, n. Etym: [OE. windowe, windoge, Icel. vindauga window,
properly, wind eye; akin to Dan. vindue. Wind, n., and Eye.]

1. An opening in the wall of a building for the admission of light
and air, usually closed by casements or sashes containing some
transparent material, as glass, and capable of being opened and shut
at pleasure.
I leaped from the window of the citadel. Shak.
Then to come, in spite of sorrow, And at my window bid good morrow.
Milton.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: The shutter, casement, sash with its fittings, or other
framework, which closes a window opening.

3. A figure formed of lines crossing each other. [R.]
Till he has windows on his bread and butter. King.

French window (Arch.), a casement window in two folds, usually
reaching to the floor; -- called also French casement.
 -- Window back (Arch.), the inside face of the low, and usually
thin, piece of wall between the window sill and the floor below.
 -- Window blind, a blind or shade for a window.
 -- Window bole, part of a window closed by a shutter which can be
opened at will. [Scot.] -- Window box, one of the hollows in the
sides of a window frame for the weights which counterbalance a
lifting sash.
 -- Window frame, the frame of a window which receives and holds the
sashes or casement.
 -- Window glass, panes of glass for windows; the kind of glass used
in windows.
 -- Window martin (Zoöl.), the common European martin. [Prov. Eng.] -
- Window oyster (Zoöl.), a marine bivalve shell (Placuna placenta)
native of the East Indies and China. Its valves are very broad, thin,
and translucent, and are said to have been used formerly in place of
glass.
 -- Window pane. (a) (Arch.) See Pane, n., 3 (b). (b) (Zoöl.) See
Windowpane, in the Vocabulary.
 -- Window sash, the sash, or light frame, in which panes of glass
are set for windows.
 -- Window seat, a seat arranged in the recess of a window. See
Window stool, under Stool.
 -- Window shade, a shade or blind for a window; usually, one that is
hung on a roller.
 -- Window shell (Zoöl.), the window oyster.
 -- Window shutter, a shutter or blind used to close or darken
windows.
 -- Window sill (Arch.), the flat piece of wood, stone, or the like,
at the bottom of a window frame.
 -- Window swallow (Zoöl.), the common European martin. [Prov. Eng.]
-- Window tax, a tax or duty formerly levied on all windows, or
openings for light, above the number of eight in houses standing in
cities or towns. [Eng.]

WINDOW
Win"dow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Windowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Windowing.]

1. To furnish with windows.

2. To place at or in a window. [R.]
Wouldst thou be windowed in great Rome and see Thy master thus with
pleach'd arms, bending down His corrigible neck Shak.

WINDOWED
Win"dowed, a.

Defn: Having windows or openings. [R.] "Looped and windowed
raggedness." Shak.

WINDOWLESS
Win"dow*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a window. Carlyle.

WINDOWPANE
Win"dow*pane`, n.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: See Pane, n., (3) b. [In this sense, written also window pane.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A thin, spotted American turbot (Pleuronectes maculatus)
remarkable for its translucency. It is not valued as a food fish.
Called also spotted turbot, daylight, spotted sand flounder, and
water flounder.

WINDOWY
Win"dow*y, a.

Defn: Having little crossings or openings like the sashes of a
window. [R.] Donne.

WINDPIPE
Wind"pipe`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The passage for the breath from the larynx to the lungs; the
trachea; the weasand. See Illust. under Lung.

WIND-PLANT
Wind"-plant`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A windflower.

WIND-RODE
Wind"-rode`, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Caused to ride or drive by the wind in opposition to the course
of the tide; -- said of a vessel lying at anchor, with wind and tide
opposed to each other. Totten.

WINDROW
Wind"row`, n. Etym: [Wind + row.]

1. A row or line of hay raked together for the purpose of being
rolled into cocks or heaps.

2. Sheaves of grain set up in a row, one against another, that the
wind may blow between them. [Eng.]

3. The green border of a field, dug up in order to carry the earth on
other land to mend it. [Eng.]

WINDROW
Wind"row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Windrowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Windrowing.]

Defn: To arrange in lines or windrows, as hay when newly made. Forby.

WIND-SHAKEN
Wind"-shak`en, a.

Defn: Shaken by the wind; specif. (Forestry),

Defn: affected by wind shake, or anemosis (which see, above).

WIND SIGNAL
Wind signal.

Defn: In general, any signal announcing information concerning winds,
and esp. the expected approach of winds whose direction and force are
dangerous to shipping, etc. The wind-signal system of the United
States Weather Bureau consists of storm, information, hurricane, hot
wind, and inland storm signals.

WINDSOR
Wind"sor, n.

Defn: A town in Berkshire, England. Windsor bean. (Bot.) See under
Bean.
 -- Windsor chair, a kind of strong, plain, polished, wooden chair.
Simmonds.
 -- Windsor soap, a scented soap well known for its excellence.

WINDSTORM
Wind"storm, n.

Defn: A storm characterized by high wind with little or no rain.

WIND-SUCKER
Wind"-suck`er, n.

1. (Far.) A horse given to wind-sucking Law.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The kestrel. B. Jonson.

WIND-SUCKING
Wind"-suck`ing, n. (Far.)

Defn: A vicious habit of a horse, consisting in the swallowing of
air; -- usually associated with crib-biting, or cribbing. See
Cribbing, 4.

WINDTIGHT
Wind"tight`, a.

Defn: So tight as to prevent the passing through of wind. Bp. Hall.

WIND-UP
Wind"-up`, n.

Defn: Act of winding up, or closing; a concluding act or part; the
end.

WINDWARD
Wind"ward, n.

Defn: The point or side from which the wind blows; as, to ply to the
windward; -- opposed to Ant: leeward. To lay an anchor to the
windward, a figurative expression, signifying to adopt precautionary
or anticipatory measures for success or security.

WINDWARD
Wind"ward, a.

Defn: Situated toward the point from which the wind blows; as, the
Windward Islands.

WINDWARD
Wind"ward, adv.

Defn: Toward the wind; in the direction from which the wind blows.

WINDY
Wind"y, a. [Compar. Windier; superl. Windiest.] Etym: [AS. windig.]

1. Consisting of wind; accompanied or characterized by wind; exposed
to wind. "The windy hill." M. Arnold.
Blown with the windy tempest of my heart. Shak.

2. Next the wind; windward.
It keeps on the windy side of care. Shak.

3. Tempestuous; boisterous; as, windy weather.

4. Serving to occasion wind or gas in the intestines; flatulent; as,
windy food.

5. Attended or caused by wind, or gas, in the intestines. "A windy
colic." Arbuthnot.

6. Fig.: Empty; airy. "Windy joy." Milton.
Here's that windy applause, that poor, transitory pleasure, for which
I was dishonored. South.

WINE
Wine, n. Etym: [OE. win, AS. win, fr. L. vinum (cf. Icel. vin; all
from the Latin); akin to Gr. o'i^nos, , and E. withy. Cf. Vine,
Vineyard, Vinous, Withy.]

1. The expressed juice of grapes, esp. when fermented; a beverage or
liquor prepared from grapes by squeezing out their juice, and
(usually) allowing it to ferment. "Red wine of Gascoigne." Piers
Plowman.
Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging, and whosoever is deceived
thereby is not wise. Prov. xx. 1.
Bacchus, that first from out the purple grape Crushed the sweet
poison of misused wine. Milton.

Note: Wine is essentially a dilute solution of ethyl alcohol,
containing also certain small quantities of ethers and ethereal salts
which give character and bouquet. According to their color, strength,
taste, etc., wines are called red, white, spirituous, dry, light,
still, etc.

2. A liquor or beverage prepared from the juice of any fruit or plant
by a process similar to that for grape wine; as, currant wine;
gooseberry wine; palm wine.

3. The effect of drinking wine in excess; intoxication.
Noah awoke from his wine. Gen. ix. 24.
Birch wine, Cape wine, etc. See under Birch, Cape, etc.
 -- Spirit of wine. See under Spirit.
 -- To have drunk wine of ape or wine ape, to be so drunk as to be
foolish. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -- Wine acid. (Chem.) See Tartaric acid, under Tartaric. [Colloq.] -
- Wine apple (Bot.), a large red apple, with firm flesh and a rich,
vinous flavor.
 -- Wine bag, a wine skin.
 -- Wine biscuit, a kind of sweet biscuit served with wine.
 -- Wine cask, a cask for holding wine, or which holds, or has held,
wine.
 -- Wine cellar, a cellar adapted or used for storing wine.
 -- Wine cooler, a vessel of porous earthenware used to cool wine by
the evaporation of water; also, a stand for wine bottles, containing
ice.a drink composed of approximately equal parts of wine and some
carbonated beverage (soda). Also called California cooler.
 -- Wine fly (Zoöl.), small two-winged fly of the genus Piophila,
whose larva lives in wine, cider, and other fermented liquors.
 -- Wine grower, one who cultivates a vineyard and makes wine.
 -- Wine measure, the measure by which wines and other spirits are
sold, smaller than beer measure.
 -- Wine merchant, a merchant who deals in wines.
 -- Wine of opium (Pharm.), a solution of opium in aromatized sherry
wine, having the same strength as ordinary laudanum; -- also
Sydenham's laudanum.
 -- Wine press, a machine or apparatus in which grapes are pressed to
extract their juice.
 -- Wine skin, a bottle or bag of skin, used, in various countries,
for carrying wine.
 -- Wine stone, a kind of crust deposited in wine casks. See 1st
Tartar, 1.
 -- Wine vault. (a) A vault where wine is stored. (b) A place where
wine is served at the bar, or at tables; a dramshop. Dickens.
 -- Wine vinegar, vinegar made from wine.
 -- Wine whey, whey made from milk coagulated by the use of wine.

WINEBERRY
Wine"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)
(a) The red currant.
(b) The bilberry.
(c) A peculiar New Zealand shrub (Coriaria ruscifolia), in which the
petals ripen and afford an abundant purple juice from which a kind of
wine is made. The plant also grows in Chili.

WINEBIBBER
Wine"bib`ber, n.

Defn: One who drinks much wine. Prov. xxiii. 20.
 -- Wine"bib`bing, n.

WINEGLASS
Wine"glass`, n.

Defn: A small glass from to drink wine.

WINEGLASSFUL
Wine"glass`ful;, n. pl. Wineglassfuls (.

Defn: As much as a wineglass will hold; enough to fill a wineglass.
It is usually reckoned at two fluid ounces, or four tablespoonfuls.

WINELESS
Wine"less, a.

Defn: destitute of wine; as, wineless life.

WINERY
Win"er*y, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vinerie.]

Defn: A place where grapes are converted into wine.

WINESAP
Wine"sap`, n.  [Wine + sap for sop.]

Defn: A variety of winter apple of medium size, deep red color, and
yellowish flesh of a rich, rather subacid flavor.

WING
Wing, n. Etym: [OE. winge, wenge; probably of Scand. origin; cf. Dan.
& Sw. vinge, Icel. vængr.]

1. One of the two anterior limbs of a bird, pterodactyl, or bat. They
correspond to the arms of man, and are usually modified for flight,
but in the case of a few species of birds, as the ostrich, auk, etc.,
the wings are used only as an assistance in running or swimming.
As an eagle stirreth up her nest, fluttereth over her young,
spreadeth abroad her wings, taketh them, beareth them on her wings.
Deut. xxxii. 11.

Note: In the wing of a bird the long quill feathers are in series.
The primaries are those attached to the ulnar side of the hand; the
secondaries, or wing coverts, those of the forearm: the scapulars,
those that lie over the humerus; and the bastard feathers, those of
the short outer digit. See Illust. of Bird, and Plumage.

2. Any similar member or instrument used for the purpose of flying.
Specifically: (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the two pairs of upper thoracic appendages of most hexapod
insects. They are broad, fanlike organs formed of a double membrane
and strengthened by chitinous veins or nervures.
(b) One of the large pectoral fins of the flying fishes.

3. Passage by flying; flight; as, to take wing.
Light thickens; and the crow Makes wing to the rooky wood. Shak.

4. Motive or instrument of flight; means of flight or of rapid
motion.
Fiery expedition be my wing. Shak.

5. Anything which agitates the air as a wing does, or which is put in
winglike motion by the action of the air, as a fan or vane for
winnowing grain, the vane or sail of a windmill, etc.

6. An ornament worn on the shoulder; a small epaulet or shoulder
knot.

7. Any appendage resembling the wing of a bird or insect in shape or
appearance. Specifically: (a) (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the broad, thin, anterior lobes of the foot of a
pteropod, used as an organ in swimming.
(b) (Bot.) Any membranaceous expansion, as that along the sides of
certain stems, or of a fruit of the kind called samara.
(c) (Bot.) Either of the two side petals of a papilionaceous flower.

8. One of two corresponding appendages attached; a sidepiece. Hence:
(a) (Arch.) A side building, less than the main edifice; as, one of
the wings of a palace.
(b) (Fort.) The longer side of crownworks, etc., connecting them with
the main work.
(c) (Hort.) A side shoot of a tree or plant; a branch growing up by
the side of another. [Obs.] (d) (Mil.)

Defn: The right or left division of an army, regiment, etc.
(e) (Naut.) That part of the hold or orlop of a vessel which is
nearest the sides. In a fleet, one of the extremities when the ships
are drawn up in line, or when forming the two sides of a triangle.
Totten.
(f) One of the sides of the stags in a theater. On the wing. (a)
Supported by, or flying with, the wings another.
 -- On the wings of the wind, with the utmost velocity.
 -- Under the wing, or wings, of, under the care or protection of.
 -- Wing and wing (Naut.), with sails hauled out on either side; --
said of a schooner, or her sails, when going before the wind with the
foresail on one side and the mainsail on the other; also said of a
square-rigged vessel which has her studding sails set. Cf.
Goosewinged.
 -- Wing case (Zoöl.), one of the anterior wings of beetles, and of
some other insects, when thickened and used to protect the hind
wings; an elytron; -- called also wing cover.
 -- Wing covert (Zoöl.), one of the small feathers covering the bases
of the wing quills. See Covert, n., 2.
 -- Wing gudgeon (Mach.), an iron gudgeon for the end of a wooden
axle, having thin, broad projections to prevent it from turning in
the wood. See Illust. of Gudgeon.
 -- Wing shell (Zoöl.), wing case of an insect.
 -- Wing stroke, the stroke or sweep of a wing.
 -- Wing transom (Naut.), the uppermost transom of the stern; --
called also main transom. J. Knowles.

WING
Wing, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Winged; p. pr. & vb. n. Winging.]

1. To furnish with wings; to enable to fly, or to move with celerity.
Who heaves old ocean, and whowings the storms. Pope.
Living, to wing with mirth the weary hours. Longfellow.

2. To supply with wings or sidepieces.
The main battle, whose puissance on either side Shall be well winged
with our chiefest horse. Shak.

3. To transport by flight; to cause to fly.
I, an old turtle, Will wing me to some withered bough. Shak.

4. To move through in flight; to fly through.
There's not an arrow wings the sky But fancy turns its point to him.
Moore.

5. To cut off the wings of; to wound in the wing; to disable a wing
of; as, to wing a bird. To wing a flight, to exert the power of
flying; to fly.

WINGED
Winged, a.

1. Furnished with wings; transported by flying; having winglike
expansions.

2. Soaring with wings, or as if with wings; hence, elevated; lofty;
sublime. [R.]
How winged the sentiment that virtue is to be followed for its own
sake. J. S. Harford.

3. Swift; rapid. "Bear this sealed brief with winged haste to the
lord marshal." Shak.

4. Wounded or hurt in the wing.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with a leaflike appendage, as the fruit of the elm
and the ash, or the stem in certain plants; alate.

6. (Her.)

Defn: Represented with wings, or having wings, of a different
tincture from the body.

7. Fanned with wings; swarming with birds. "The winged air darked
with plumes." Milton.

WINGER
Wing"er, n. (Naut.)

Defn: One of the casks stowed in the wings of a vessel's hold, being
smaller than such as are stowed more amidships. Totten.

WINGFISH
Wing"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea robin having large, winglike pectoral fins. See Sea
robin, under Robin.

WING-FOOTED
Wing"-foot`ed, a.

1. Having wings attached to the feet; as, wing-footed Mercury; hence,
swift; moving with rapidity; fleet. Drayton.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) Having part or all of the feet adapted for flying.
(b) Having the anterior lobes of the foot so modified as to form a
pair of winglike swimming organs; -- said of the pteropod mollusks.

WING-HANDED
Wing"-hand`ed, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the anterior limbs or hands adapted for flight, as the
bats and pterodactyls.

WING-LEAVED
Wing"-leaved`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having pinnate or pinnately divided leaves.

WINGLESS
Wing"less, a.

Defn: Having no wings; not able to ascend or fly. Wingless bird
(Zoöl.), the apteryx.

WINGLET
Wing"let, n.

1. A little wing; a very small wing.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bastard wing, or alula.

WINGMANSHIP
Wing"man*ship, n. Etym: [From Wing, in imitation of horsemanship.]

Defn: Power or skill in flying. [R.] Duke of Argyll.

WING-SHELL
Wing"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of various species of marine bivalve shells belonging to
the genus Avicula, in which the hinge border projects like a wing.
(b) Any marine gastropod shell of the genus Strombus. See Strombus.
(c) Any pteropod shell.

WINGY
Wing"y, a.

1. Having wings; rapid.
With wingy speed outstrip the eastern wind. Addison.

2. Soaring with wings, or as if with wings; volatile airy. [Obs. or
R.]
Those wingy mysteries in divinity. Sir T. Browne.

WINK
Wink, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Winked; p. pr. & vb. n. Winking.] Etym:
[OE. winken, AS. wincian; akin to D. wenken, G. winken to wink, nod,
beckon, OHG. winchan, Sw. vinka, Dan. vinke, AS. wancol wavering,
OHG. wanchal wavering, wanch to waver, G. wanken, and perhaps to E.
weak; cf. AS. wincel a corner. Cf. Wench, Wince, v. i.]

1. To nod; to sleep; to nap. [Obs.] "Although I wake or wink."
Chaucer.

2. To shut the eyes quickly; to close the eyelids with a quick
motion.
He must wink, so loud he would cry. Chaucer.
And I will wink, so shall the day seem night. Shak.
They are not blind, but they wink. Tillotson.

3. To close and open the eyelids quickly; to nictitate; to blink.
A baby of some three months old, who winked, and turned aside its
little face from the too vivid light of day. Hawthorne.

4. To give a hint by a motion of the eyelids, often those of one eye
only.
Wink at the footman to leave him without a plate. Swift.

5. To avoid taking notice, as if by shutting the eyes; to connive at
anything; to be tolerant; -- generally with at.
The times of this ignorance God winked at. Acts xvii. 30.
And yet, as though he knew it not, His knowledge winks, and lets his
humors reign. Herbert.
Obstinacy can not be winked at, but must be subdued. Locke.

6. To be dim and flicker; as, the light winks. Winking monkey
(Zoöl.), the white-nosed monkey (Cersopithecus nictitans).

WINK
Wink, v. t.

Defn: To cause (the eyes) to wink.[Colloq.]

WINK
Wink, n.

1. The act of closing, or closing and opening, the eyelids quickly;
hence, the time necessary for such an act; a moment.
I have not slept one wink. Shak.
I could eclipse and cloud them with a wink. Donne.

2. A hint given by shutting the eye with a significant cast. Sir. P.
Sidney.
The stockjobber thus from Change Alley goes down, And tips you, the
freeman, a wink. Swift.

WINKER
Wink"er, n.

1. One who winks. Pope.

2. A horse's blinder; a blinker.

WINKINGLY
Wink"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a winking manner; with the eye almost closed. Peacham.

WINKLE
Win"kle, n. Etym: [AS. wincle.] (Zoöl.)
(a) Any periwinkle. Holland.
(b) Any one of various marine spiral gastropods, esp., in the United
States, either of two species of Fulgar (F. canaliculata, and F.
carica).

Note: These are large mollusks which often destroy large numbers of
oysters by drilling their shells and sucking their blood. Sting
winkle, a European spinose marine shell (Murex erinaceus). See
Illust. of Murex.

WINKLE-HAWK
Win"kle-hawk`, n. Etym: [D. winkel-haak a carpenter's square.]

Defn: A rectangular rent made in cloth; -- called also winkle-hole.
[Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

WINNARD
Win"nard, n.

Defn: The redwing. [Prov. Eng.]

WINNEBAGOES
Win`ne*ba"goes, n.; sing. Winnebago (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of North American Indians who originally occupied the
region about Green Bay, Lake Michigan, but were driven back from the
lake and nearly exterminated in 1640 by the IIlinnois.

WINNER
Win"ner, n.

Defn: One who wins, or gains by success in competition, contest, or
gaming.

WINNING
Win"ning, a.

Defn: Attracting; adapted to gain favor; charming; as, a winning
address. "Each mild and winning note." Keble.

WINNING
Win"ning, n.

1. The act of obtaining something, as in a contest or by competition.

2. The money, etc., gained by success in competition or contest, esp,
in gambling; -- usually in the plural.
Ye seek land and sea for your winnings. Chaucer.

3. (Mining)
(a) A new opening.
(b) The portion of a coal field out for working. Winning headway
(Mining), an excavation for exploration, in post-and-stall working.
 -- Winning post, the post, or goal, at the end of a race.

WINNINGLY
Win"ning*ly, adv.

Defn: In a winning manner.

WINNINGNESS
Win"ning*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being winning. "Winningness in style."
J. Morley.

WINNINISH
Win"nin*ish, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The land-locked variety of the common salmon. [Canada]

WINNOW
Win"now, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Winnowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Winnowing.]
Etym: [OE. windewen, winewen, AS. windwian; akin to Goth. winpjan (in
comp.), winpi-skauro a fan, L. ventilare to fan, to winnow; cf. L.
wannus a fan for winnowing, G. wanne, OHG. wanna. . See Wind moving
air, and cf. Fan., n., Ventilate.]

1. To separate, and drive off, the chaff from by means of wind; to
fan; as, to winnow grain.
Ho winnoweth barley to-night in the threshing floor. Ruth. iii. 2.

2. To sift, as for the purpose of separating falsehood from truth; to
separate, as had from good.
Winnow well this thought, and you shall find This light as chaff that
flies before the wind. Dryden.

3. To beat with wings, or as with wings.[Poetic]
Now on the polar winds; then with quick fan Winnows the buxom air.
Milton.

WINNOW
Win"now, v. i.

Defn: To separate chaff from grain.
Winnow not with every wind. Ecclus. v. 9.

WINNOWER
Win"now*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, winnows; specifically, a winnowing
machine.

WINNOWING
Win"now*ing, n.

Defn: The act of one who, or that which, winnows.

WINROW
Win"row`, n.

Defn: A windrow.

WINSING
Win"sing, a.

Defn: Winsome. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WINSOME
Win"some, a. [Compar. Winsomer; superl. Winsomest.] Etym: [AS.
wynsum, fr. wynn joy; akin to OS. wunnia, OHG. wunna, wunni, G.
wonne, Goth. wunan to rejoice (in unwunands sad), AS. wunian to
dwell. Win, v. t., Wont, a.]

1. Cheerful; merry; gay; light-hearted.
Misled by ill example, and a winsome nature. Jeffrey.

2. Causing joy or pleasure; gladsome; pleasant.
Still plotting how their hungry ear That winsome voice again might
hear. Emerson.

WINSOMENESS
Win"some*ness, n.

Defn: The characteristic of being winsome; attractiveness of manner.
J. R. Green.

WINTER
Win"ter, n. Etym: [AS. winter; akin to OFries. & D. winter, OS. &
OHG. wintar, G. winter, D. & Sw. vinter, Icel. vetr, Goth. wintrus;
of uncertain origin; cf. Old Gallic vindo- white (in comp.), OIr.
find white.

1. The season of the year in which the sun shines most obliquely upon
any region; the coldest season of the year. "Of thirty winter he was
old." Chaucer.
And after summer evermore succeeds Barren winter, with his wrathful
nipping cold. Shak.
Winter lingering chills the lap of May. Goldsmith.

Note: North of the equator, winter is popularly taken to include the
months of December, January, and February (see Season).
Astronomically, it may be considered to begin with the winter
solstice, about December 21st, and to end with the vernal equinox,
about March 21st.

2. The period of decay, old age, death, or the like.
Life's autumn past, I stand on winter's verge. Wordsworth.
Winter apple, an apple that keeps well in winter, or that does not
ripen until winter.
 -- Winter barley, a kind of barley that is sown in autumn.
 -- Winter berry (Bot.), the name of several American shrubs (Ilex
verticillata, I. lævigata, etc.) of the Holly family, having bright
red berries conspicuous in winter.
 -- Winter bloom. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Azalea. (b) A plant
of the genus Hamamelis (H. Viginica); witch-hazel; -- so called from
its flowers appearing late in autumn, while the leaves are falling.
 -- Winter bud (Zoöl.), a statoblast.
 -- Winter cherry (Bot.), a plant (Physalis Alkekengi) of the
Nightshade family, which has, a red berry inclosed in the inflated
and persistent calyx. See Alkekengi.
 -- Winter cough (Med.), a form of chronic bronchitis marked by a
cough recurring each winter.
 -- Winter cress (Bot.), a yellow-flowered cruciferous plant
(Barbarea vulgaris).
 -- Winter crop, a crop which will bear the winter, or which may be
converted into fodder during the winter.
 -- Winter duck. (Zoöl.) (a) The pintail. (b) The old squaw.
 -- Winter egg (Zoöl.), an egg produced in the autumn by many
invertebrates, and destined to survive the winter. Such eggs usually
differ from the summer eggs in having a thicker shell, and often in
being enveloped in a protective case. They sometimes develop in a
manner different from that of the summer eggs.
 -- Winter fallow, ground that is fallowed in winter.
 -- Winter fat. (Bot.) Same as White sage, under White.
 -- Winter fever (Med.), pneumonia. [Colloq.] -- Winter flounder.
(Zoöl.) See the Note under Flounder.
 -- Winter gull (Zoöl.), the common European gull; -- called also
winter mew. [Prov. Eng.] -- Winter itch. (Med.) See Prarie itch,
under Prairie.
 -- Winter lodge, or Winter lodgment. (Bot.) Same as Hibernaculum.
 -- Winter mew. (Zoöl.) Same as Winter gull, above. [Prov. Eng.] --
Winter moth (Zoöl.), any one of several species of geometrid moths
which come forth in winter, as the European species (Cheimatobia
brumata). These moths have rudimentary mouth organs, and eat no food
in the imago state. The female of some of the species is wingless.
 -- Winter oil, oil prepared so as not to solidify in moderately cold
weather.
 -- Winter pear, a kind of pear that keeps well in winter, or that
does not ripen until winter.
 -- Winter quarters, the quarters of troops during the winter; a
winter residence or station.
 -- Winter rye, a kind of rye that is sown in autumn.
 -- Winter shad (Zoöl.), the gizzard shad.
 -- Winter sheldrake (Zoöl.), the goosander. [Local, U.S.] -- Winter
sleep (Zoöl.), hibernation.
 -- Winter snipe (Zoöl.), the dunlin.
 -- Winter solstice. (Astron.) See Solstice, 2.
 -- Winter teal (Zoöl.), the green-winged teal.
 -- Winter wagtail (Zoöl.), the gray wagtail (Motacilla melanope).
[Prov. Eng.] -- Winter wheat, wheat sown in autumn, which lives
during the winter, and ripens in the following summer.
 -- Winter wren (Zoöl.), a small American wren (Troglodytes hiemalis)
closely resembling the common wren.

WINTER
Win"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wintered; p. pr. & vb. n. Wintering.]

Defn: To pass the winter; to hibernate; as, to winter in Florida.
Because the haven was not commodious to winter in, the more part
advised to depart thence. Acts xxvii. 12.

WINTER
Win"ter, v. i.

Defn: To keep, feed or manage, during the winter; as, to winter young
cattle on straw.

WINTER-BEATEN
Win"ter-beat`en, a.

Defn: Beaten or harassed by the severe weather of winter. Spenser.

WINTERGREEN
Win"ter*green`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant which keeps its leaves green through the winter.

Note: In England, the name wintergreen is applied to the species of
Pyrola which in America are called English wintergreen, and shin leaf
(see Shin leaf, under Shin.) In America, the name wintergreen is
given to Gaultheria procumbens, a low evergreen aromatic plant with
oval leaves clustered at the top of a short stem, and bearing small
white flowers followed by red berries; -- called also checkerberry,
and sometimes, though improperly, partridge berry. Chickweed
wintergreen, a low perennial primulaceous herb (Trientalis
Americana); -- also called star flower.
 -- Flowering wintergreen, a low plant (Polygala paucifolia) with
leaves somewhat like those of the wintergreen (Gaultheria), and
bearing a few showy, rose-purple blossoms.
 -- Spotted wintergreen, a low evergreen plant (Chimaphila maculata)
with ovate, white-spotted leaves.

WINTER-GROUND
Win"ter-ground`, v. t.

Defn: To coved over in the season of winter, as for protection or
shelter; as, to winter-ground the roods of a plant.
The ruddock would . . . bring thee all this, Yea, and furred moss
besides, when flowers are none To winter-ground thy corse. Shak.

WINTERKILL
Win"ter*kill`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Winterkilled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Winterkilling.]

Defn: To kill by the cold, or exposure to the inclemency of winter;
as, the wheat was winterkilled. [U. S.]

WINTERLY
Win"ter*ly, a.

Defn: Like winter; wintry; cold; hence, disagreeable, cheerless; as,
winterly news. [R.] Shak.
The sir growing more winterly in the month of April. Camden.

WINTER-PROUD
Win"ter-proud`, a.

Defn: Having too rank or forward a growth for winter.
When either corn is winter-proud, or other plants put forth and bud
too early. Holland.

WINTER-RIG
Win"ter-rig`, v. t. Etym: [See Winter and Ridge.]

Defn: To fallow or till in winter. [Prov. Eng.]

WINTER'S BARK
Win"ter's bark`. (Bot.)

Defn: The aromatic bark of tree (Drimys, or Drymis, Winteri) of the
Magnolia family, which is found in Southern Chili. It was first used
as a cure for scurvy by its discoverer, Captain John Winter, vice
admiral to sir Francis Drake, in 1577.

WINTERTIDE
Win"ter*tide`, n.

Defn: Winter time. Tennyson.

WINTERWEED
Win"ter*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of speedwell (Veronica hederifolia) which spreads
chiefly in winter. Dr. Prior.

WINTERY
Win"ter*y, a.

Defn: Wintry.

WINTRY
Win"try, a. Etym: [AS. wintrig.]

Defn: Suitable to winter; resembling winter, or what belongs to
winter; brumal; hyemal; cold; stormy; wintery.
Touch our chilled hearts with vernal smile, Our wintry course do thou
beguile. Keble.

WINY
Win"y, a.

Defn: Having the taste or qualities of wine; vinous; as, grapes of a
winy taste. Dampier.

WINZE
Winze, n. (Mining.)

Defn: A small shaft sunk from one level to another, as for the
purpose of ventilation.

WIPE
Wipe, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. vipa, Dan. vibe, the lapwing.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lapwing. [Prov. Eng.]

WIPE
Wipe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wiped; p. pr. & vb. n. Wiping.] Etym: [OE.
vipen, AS. wipian; cf. LG. wiep a wisp of straw, Sw. vepa to wrap up,
to cuddle one's self up, vepa a blanket; perhaps akin to E. whip.]

1. To rub with something soft for cleaning; to clean or dry by
rubbing; as, to wipe the hands or face with a towel.
Let me wipe thy face. Shak.
I will wipe Jerusalem as a man wipeth a dish, wiping it, and turning
it upside down. 2 Kings xxi. 13.

2. To remove by rubbing; to rub off; to obliterate; -- usually
followed by away, off or out. Also used figuratively. "To wipe out
our ingratitude." Shak.
Some natural tears they dropped, but wiped them soon. Milton.

3. To cheat; to defraud; to trick; -- usually followed by out. [Obs.]
Spenser.
If they by coveyne [covin] or gile be wiped beside their goods.
Robynson (More's Utopia)
To wipe a joint (Plumbing), to make a joint, as between pieces of
lead pipe, by surrounding the junction with a mass of solder, applied
in a plastic condition by means of a rag with which the solder is
shaped by rubbing.
 -- To wipe the nose of, to cheat. [Old Slang]

WIPE
Wipe, n.

1. Act of rubbing, esp. in order to clean.

2. A blow; a stroke; a hit; a swipe. [Low]

3. A gibe; a jeer; a severe sarcasm. Swift.

4. A handkerchief. [Thieves' Cant or Slang]

5. Stain; brand. [Obs.] "Slavish wipe." Shak.

WIPER
Wip"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, wipes.

2. Something used for wiping, as a towel or rag.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: A piece generally projecting from a rotating or swinging piece,
as an axle or rock shaft, for the purpose of raising stampers,
lifting rods, or the like, and leaving them to fall by their own
weight; a kind of cam.

4. (Firearms)

Defn: A rod, or an attachment for a rod, for holding a rag with which
to wipe out the bore of the barrel.

WIRBLE
Wir"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wirbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Wirbling.]
Etym: [Cf. Warble, Whirl.]

Defn: To whirl; to eddy. [R.]
The waters went wirbling above and around. Owen. Meredith.

WIRCHE
Wirche, v. i. & t.

Defn: To work [Obs.] Chaucer.

WIRE
Wire, n. Etym: [OE. wir, AS. wir; akin to Icel. virr, Dan. vire, LG.
wir, wire; cf. OHG. wiara fine gold; perhaps akin to E. withy. .]

1. A thread or slender rod of metal; a metallic substance formed to
an even thread by being passed between grooved rollers, or drawn
through holes in a plate of steel.

Note: Wire is made of any desired form, as round, square, triangular,
etc., by giving this shape to the hole in the drawplate, or between
the rollers.

2. A telegraph wire or cable; hence, an electric telegraph; as, to
send a message by wire. [Colloq.] Wire bed, Wire mattress, an elastic
bed bottom or mattress made of wires interwoven or looped together in
various ways.
 -- Wire bridge, a bridge suspended from wires, or cables made of
wire.
 -- Wire cartridge, a shot cartridge having the shot inclosed in a
wire cage.
 -- Wire cloth, a coarse cloth made of woven metallic wire, -- used
for strainers, and for various other purposes.
 -- Wire edge, the thin, wirelike thread of metal sometimes formed on
the edge of a tool by the stone in sharpening it.
 -- Wire fence, a fence consisting of posts with strained horizontal
wires, wire netting, or other wirework, between.
 -- Wire gauge or gage. (a) A gauge for measuring the diameter of
wire, thickness of sheet metal, etc., often consisting of a metal
plate with a series of notches of various widths in its edge. (b) A
standard series of sizes arbitrarily indicated, as by numbers, to
which the diameter of wire or the thickness of sheet metal in usually
made, and which is used in describing the size or thickness. There
are many different standards for wire gauges, as in different
countries, or for different kinds of metal, the Birmingham wire
gauges and the American wire gauge being often used and designated by
the abbreviations B. W.G. and A. W.G. respectively.
 -- Wire gauze, a texture of finely interwoven wire, resembling
gauze.
 -- Wire grass (Bot.), either of the two common grasses Eleusine
Indica, valuable for hay and pasture, and Poa compressa, or blue
grass. See Blue grass.
 -- Wire grub (Zoöl.), a wireworm.
 -- Wire iron, wire rods of iron.
 -- Wire lathing, wire cloth or wire netting applied in the place of
wooden lathing for holding plastering.
 -- Wire mattress. See Wire bed, above.
 -- Wire micrometer, a micrometer having spider lines, or fine wires,
across the field of the instrument.
 -- Wire nail, a nail formed of a piece of wire which is headed and
pointed.
 -- Wire netting, a texture of woven wire coarser than ordinary wire
gauze.
 -- Wire rod, a metal rod from which wire is formed by drawing.
 -- Wire rope, a rope formed wholly, or in great part, of wires.

WIRE
Wire, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wired; p. pr. & vb. n. Wiring.]

1. To bind with wire; to attach with wires; to apply wire to; as, to
wire corks in bottling liquors.

2. To put upon a wire; as, to wire beads.

3. To snare by means of a wire or wires.

4. To send (a message) by telegraph. [Colloq.]

WIRE
Wire, v. i.

1. To pass like a wire; to flow in a wirelike form, or in a tenuous
stream. [R.] P. Fletcher.

2. To send a telegraphic message. [Colloq.]

WIREDRAW
Wire"draw`, v. t. [imp. Wiredrew; p. p. Wiredrawn; p. pr. & vb. n.
Wiredrawing.]

1. To form (a piece of metal) into wire, by drawing it through a hole
in a plate of steel.

2. Hence, to draw by art or violence.
My sense has been wiredrawn into blasphemy. Dryden.

3. Hence, also, to draw or spin out to great length and tenuity; as,
to wiredraw an argument.
Such twisting, such wiredrawing, was never seen in a court of
justice. Macaulay.

4. (Steam Engine)

Defn: To pass, or to draw off, (as steam) through narrow ports, or
the like, thus reducing its pressure or force by friction.

WIRE-DRAWER
Wire"-draw`er, n.

Defn: One who draws metal into wire.

WIRE GUN
Wire gun.

Defn: = Wire-wound gun.

WIRE-HEEL
Wire"-heel`, n. (Far.)

Defn: A disease in the feet of a horse or other beast.

WIRELESS
Wire"less, a.

Defn: Having no wire; specif. (Elec.),

Defn: designating, or pertaining to, a method of telegraphy,
telephony, etc., in which the messages, etc., are transmitted through
space by electric waves; as, a wireless message. -- Wireless
telegraphy or telegraph (Elec.), any system of telegraphy employing
no connecting wire or wires between the transmitting and receiving
stations. Although more or less successful researchers were made on
the subject by Joseph Henry, Hertz, Oliver Lodge, and others, the
first commercially successful system was that of Guglielmo Marconi,
patented in March, 1897. Marconi employed electric waves of high
frequency set up by an induction coil in an oscillator, these waves
being launched into space through a lofty antenna. The receiving
apparatus consisted of another antenna in circuit with a coherer and
small battery for operating through a relay the ordinary telegraphic
receiver. This apparatus contains the essential features of all the
systems now in use. -- Wireless telephone, an apparatus or
contrivance for wireless telephony. --Wireless telephony, telephony
without wires, usually employing electric waves of high frequency
emitted from an oscillator or generator, as in wireless telegraphy. A
telephone transmitter causes fluctuations in these waves, it being
the fluctuations only which affect the receiver.

WIRELESS
Wire"less, n.

Defn: Short for Wireless telegraphy, Wireless telephony, etc.; as, to
send a message by wireless.

WIRE-PULLER
Wire"-pull`er, n.

Defn: One who pulls the wires, as of a puppet; hence, one who
operates by secret means; an intriguer.
Political wire-pullers and convention packers. Lowell.

WIRE-PULLING
Wire"-pull`ing, n.

Defn: The act of pulling the wires, as of a puppet; hence, secret
influence or management, especially in politics; intrigue.

WIRE-TAILED
Wire"-tailed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having some or all of the tail quills terminated in a long,
slender, pointed shaft, without a web or barbules.

WIRE TAPPER
Wire tapper.

Defn: One that taps, or cuts in on, telegraph wires and intercepts
messages; hence (Slang),

Defn: a swindler who pretends to tap wires or otherwise intercept
advance telegraphic news for betting. -- Wire tapping.

WIREWORK
Wire"work`, n.

Defn: Work, especially openwork, formed of wires.

WIRE-WORKER
Wire"-work`er, n.

Defn: One who manufactures articles from wire.

WIREWORM
Wire"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the larvæ of various species of snapping beetles, or
elaters; -- so called from their slenderness and the uncommon
hardness of the integument. Wireworms are sometimes very destructive
to the roots of plants. Called also wire grub.
(b) A galleyworm.

WIRE-WOUND GUN
Wire"-wound` gun. (Ordnance)

Defn: A gun in the construction of which an inner tube (either entire
or in segments) is wound with wire under tension to insure greater
soundness and uniformity of resistance. In modern construction hoops
and jackets are shrunk on over the wire.

WIRINESS
Wir"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being wiry.

WIRING
Wir"ing, n.

1. The act of one that wires anything.

2.  The wires or conductors employed in a system of electric
distribution.

WIRY
Wir"y, a. Etym: [Written also wiery.]

1. Made of wire; like wire; drawn out like wire.

2. Capable of endurance; tough; sinewy; as, a wiry frame or
constitution. "A little wiry sergeant of meek demeanor and strong
sense." Dickens.
He bore his age well, and seemed to retain a wiry vigor and
alertness. Hawthorne.

WIS
Wis, adv. Etym: [Aphetic form of iwis, ywis; or fr. Icel. viss
certain. See Ywis.]

Defn: Certainly; really; indeed. [Obs.] "As wis God helpe me."
Chaucer.

WIS
Wis, v. t. Etym: [Due to mistaking OE. iwis certain, AS. gewiss, for
I wis. See Ywis.]

Defn: To think; to suppose; to imagine; -- used chiefly in the first
person sing. present tense, I wis. See the Note under Ywis. [Obs. or
Poetic] "Howe'er you wis." R. Browning.
Nor do I know how long it is (For I have lain entranced, I wis).
Coleridge.

WISARD
Wis"ard, n.

Defn: See Wizard.

WISDOM
Wis"dom (-dûm), n. Etym: [AS. wisdom. See Wise, a., and -dom.]

1. The quality of being wise; knowledge, and the capacity to make due
use of it; knowledge of the best ends and the best means; discernment
and judgment; discretion; sagacity; skill; dexterity.
We speak also not in wise words of man's wisdom, but in the doctrine
of the spirit. Wyclif (1 Cor. ii. 13).
Behold, the fear of the Lord, that is wisdom; and to depart from evil
is understanding. Job xxviii. 28.
It is hoped that our rulers will act with dignity and wisdom that
they will yield everything to reason, and refuse everything to force.
Ames.
Common sense in an uncommon degree is what the world calls wisdom.
Coleridge.

2. The results of wise judgments; scientific or practical truth;
acquired knowledge; erudition.
Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was mighty
in words and in deeds. Acts vii. 22.

Syn.
 -- Prudence; knowledge. Wisdom, Prudence, Knowledge. Wisdom has been
defined to be "the use of the best means for attaining the best
ends." "We conceive," says Whewell, " prudence as the virtue by which
we select right means for given ends, while wisdom implies the
selection of right ends as well as of right means." Hence, wisdom
implies the union of high mental and moral excellence. Prudence (that
is, providence, or forecast) is of a more negative character; it
rather consists in avoiding danger than in taking decisive measures
for the accomplishment of an object. Sir Robert Walpole was in many
respects a prudent statesman, but he was far from being a wise one.
Burke has said that prudence, when carried too far, degenerates into
a "reptile virtue," which is the more dangerous for its plausible
appearance. Knowledge, a more comprehensive term, signifies the
simple apprehension of facts or relations. "In strictness of
language," says Paley, " there is a difference between knowledge and
wisdom; wisdom always supposing action, and action directed by it."
Knowledge and wisdom, far from being one, Have ofttimes no
connection. Knowledge dwells In heads replete with thoughts of other
men; Wisdom, in minds attentive to their own. Knowledge, a rude,
unprofitable mass, The mere materials with which wisdom builds, Till
smoothed, and squared, and fitted to its place, Does but encumber
whom it seems to enrich. Knowledge is proud that he has learned so
much; Wisdom is humble that he knows no more. Cowper.
Wisdom tooth, the last, or back, tooth of the full set on each half
of each jaw in man; -- familiarly so called, because appearing
comparatively late, after the person may be supposed to have arrived
at the age of wisdom. See the Note under Tooth, 1.

WISDOM LITERATURE
Wis"dom lit"er*a*ture.

Defn: The class of ancient Hebrew writings which deal reflectively
with general ethical and religious topics, as distinguished from the
prophetic and liturgical literature, and from the law. It is
comprised chiefly in the books of Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiasticus,
Ecclesiastes, and Wisdom of Solomon. The "wisdom" (Hokhmah) of these
writings consists in detached sage utterances on concrete issues of
life, without the effort at philosophical system that appeared in the
later Hellenistic reflective writing beginning with Philo Judæus.

WISE
Wise, a. [Compar. Wiser; superl. Wisest.] Etym: [OE. wis, AS. wis;
akin to OS. & OFries. wis, D. wijs, G. weise, OHG. wis, wisi, Icel.
viss, Sw. vis, Dan. viis, Goth. weis; akin to wit, v. i. See Wit, v.,
and cf. Righteous, Wisdom.]

1. Having knowledge; knowing; enlightened; of extensive information;
erudite; learned.
They are wise to do evil, but to do good they have no knowledge. Jer.
iv. 22.

2. Hence, especially, making due use of knowledge; discerning and
judging soundly concerning what is true or false, proper or improper;
choosing the best ends and the best means for accomplishing them;
sagacious.
When clouds appear, wise men put their cloaks. Shak.
From a child thou hast known the holy scriptures, which are able to
make thee wise unto salvation. 2 Tim. iii. 15.

3. Versed in art or science; skillful; dexterous; specifically,
skilled in divination.
Fal. There was, mine host, an old fat woman even now with me; but
she's gone. Sim. Pray you, sir, was't not the wise woman of Brentford
Shak.

4. Hence, prudent; calculating; shrewd; wary; subtle; crafty. [R.]
"Thou art . . . no novice, but a governor wily and wise." Chaucer.
Nor, on the other side, Will I be penuriously wise As to make money,
that's my slave, my idol. Beau. & Fl.
Lords do not care for me: I am too wise to die yet. Ford.

5. Dictated or guided by wisdom; containing or exhibiting wisdom;
well adapted to produce good effects; judicious; discreet; as, a wise
saying; a wise scheme or plan; wise conduct or management; a wise
determination. "Eminent in wise deport." Milton. To make it wise, to
make it a matter of deliberation. [Obs.] " We thought it was not
worth to make it wise." Chaucer.
 -- Wise in years, old enough to be wise; wise from age and
experience; hence, aged; old. [Obs.]
A very grave, state bachelor, my dainty one; He's wise in years, and
of a temperate warmth. Ford.
You are too wise in years, too full of counsel, For my green
experience. Ford.

WISE
Wise, a. Etym: [OE. wise, AS. wise; akin to OS. wisa, OFries. wis, D.
wijs, wijze, OHG. wisa, G. weise, Sw. vis, Dan. viis, Icel. övis
otherwise; from the root of E. wit; hence, originally, knowledge,
skill. See Wit, v., and cf. Guise.]

Defn: Way of being or acting; manner; mode; fashion. "All armed in
complete wise." Spenser.
To love her in my beste wyse. Chaucer.
This song she sings in most commanding wise. Sir P. Sidney.
Let not these blessings then, sent from above, Abused be, or spilt in
profane wise. Fairfax.

Note: This word is nearly obsolete, except in such phrases as in any
wise, in no wise, on this wise, etc. " Fret not thyself in any wise
to do evil." Ps. xxxvii. 8. "He shall in no wise lose his reward."
Matt. x. 42. " On this wise ye shall bless the children of Israel."
Num. vi. 23.

Note: Wise is often used as a suffix in composition, as in likewise,
nowise, lengthwise, etc., in which words -ways is often substituted
with the same sense; as, noways, lengthways, etc.

WISEACRE
Wise"a*cre, n. Etym: [OD. wijssegger or G. weissager a foreteller,
prophet, from weissagen to foretell, to prophesy, OHG. wissag,
corrupted (as if compounded of the words for wise and say) fr.
wizzag, fr. wizzag a prophet, akin to AS. witiga, witga, from the
root of E. wit. See Wit, v.]

1. A learned or wise man. [Obs.]
Pythagoras learned much . . . becoming a mighty wiseacre. Leland.

2. One who makes undue pretensions to wisdom; a would-be-wise person;
hence, in contempt, a simpleton; a dunce.

WISE-HEARTED
Wise"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Wise; knowing; skillful; sapient; erudite; prudent. Ex. xxviii.
3.

WISE-LIKE
Wise"-like`, a.

Defn: Resembling that which is wise or sensible; judicious.
The only wise-like thing I heard anybody say. Sir W. Scott.

WISELING
Wise"ling, n.

Defn: One who pretends to be wise; a wiseacre; a witling. Donne.

WISELY
Wise"ly, adv.

Defn: In a wise manner; prudently; judiciously; discreetly; with
wisdom.
And wisely learn to curb thy sorrows wild. Milton.

WISENESS
Wise"ness, n.

Defn: Wisdom. [Obs.] Spenser.

WISH
Wish, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wished; p. pr. & vb. n. Wishing.] Etym:
[OE. wischen, weschen, wuschen, AS. w; akin to D. wenschen, G.
wünschen, Icel. æeskja, Dan. önske, Sw. önska; from AS. w a wish;
akin to OD. & G. wunsch, OHG. wunsc, Icel. , Skr. va a wish, va to
wish; also to Skr. van to like, to wish. Winsome, Win, v. t., and cf.
Wistful.]

1. To have a desire or yearning; to long; to hanker.
They cast four anchors out of the stern, and wished for the day. Acts
xxvii. 29.
This is as good an argument as an antiquary could wish for.
Arbuthnot.

WISH
Wish, v. t.

1. To desire; to long for; to hanker after; to have a mind or
disposition toward.
I would not wish Any companion in the world but you. Shak.
I wish above all things that thou mayest prosper. 3. John 2.

2. To frame or express desires concerning; to invoke in favor of, or
against, any one; to attribute, or cal down, in desire; to invoke; to
imprecate.
I would not wish them to a fairer death. Shak.
I wish it may not prove some ominous foretoken of misfortune to have
met with such a miser as I am. Sir P. Sidney.
Let them be driven backward, and put to shame, that wish me evil. Ps.
xl. 14.

3. To recommend; to seek confidence or favor in behalf of. [Obs.]
Shak.
I would be glad to thrive, sir, And I was wished to your worship by a
gentleman. B. Jonson.

Syn.
 -- See Desire.

WISH
Wish, n.

1. Desire; eager desire; longing.
Behold, I am according to thy wish in God a stead. Job xxxiii. 6.

2. Expression of desire; request; petition; hence, invocation or
imprecation.
Blistered be thy tongue for such a wish. Shak.

3. A thing desired; an object of desire.
Will he, wise, let loose at once his ire . . . To give his enemies
their wish! Milton.

WISHABLE
Wish"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable or worthy of being wished for; desirable. Udall.

WISHBONE
Wish"bone`, n.

Defn: The forked bone in front of the breastbone in birds; -- called
also merrythought, and wishing bone. See Merrythought, and Furculum.

WISHEDLY
Wish"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: According to wish; conformably to desire. [Obs.] Chapman.

WISHER
Wish"er, n.

Defn: One who wishes or desires; one who expresses a wish. Shak.

WISHFUL
Wish"ful, a. Etym: [Cf. Wistful.]

1. Having desire, or ardent desire; longing.

2. Showing desire; as, wishful eyes.
From Scotland am I stolen, even of pure love To greet mine own land
with my wishful sight. Shak.

3. Desirable; exciting wishes. [R.] Chapman.
 -- Wish"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Wish"ful*ness, n.

WISHING
Wish"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Wish, v. t. Wishing bone. See Wishbone.
 -- Wishing cap, a cap fabled to give one whatever he wishes for when
wearing it.

WISHLY
Wish"ly, adv.

Defn: According to desire; longingly; with wishes. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.] Chapman.

WISHTONWISH
Wish"ton*wish, n. Etym: [Probably of American Indian origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The prairie dog.

WISH-WASH
Wish"-wash`, n.

Defn: Any weak, thin drink.

WISHY-WASHY
Wish"y-wash`y, a. Etym: [See Wash.]

Defn: Thin and pale; weak; without strength or substance; --
originally said of liquids. Fig., weak-minded; spiritless.
A weak wishy-washy man who had hardly any mind of his own. A.
Trollope.

WISHY-WASHY
Wish"y-wash`y, n.

Defn: A weak or thin drink or liquor; wish-wash.

WISKET
Wis"ket, n.

Defn: A whisket, or basket. [Prov. Eng.] Ainsworth.

WISLY
Wis"ly, adv. Etym: [See Wis, adv.]

Defn: Certainly. [Obs.] "God so wisly have mercy on me." Chaucer.

WISP
Wisp, n. Etym: [OE. wisp, wips; probably akin to D. & G. wisch, Icel.
visk, and perhaps to L. virga a twig, rod. Cf. Verge a rod, Whisk,
n.]

1. A small bundle, as of straw or other like substance.
In a small basket, on a wisp of hay. Dryden.

2. A whisk, or small broom.

3. A Will-o'-the-wisp; an ignis fatuus.
The wisp that flickers where no foot can tread. Tennyson.

WISP
Wisp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wisped; p. pr. & vb. n. Wisping.]

1. To brush or dress, an with a wisp.

2. To rumple. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

WISPEN
Wisp"en, a.

Defn: Formed of a wisp, or of wisp; as, a wispen broom. [Obs.]

WISSE
Wis"se, v. t. Etym: [AS. wisian. See Wise, a.]

Defn: To show; to teach; to inform; to guide; to direct. [Obs.]
Ere we depart I shall thee so well wisse That of mine house ne shalt
thou never misse. Chaucer.

WIST
Wist, archaic imp. & p. p. of Wit, v.

Defn: Knew.

WISTARIA
Wis*ta"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL.] Etym: [So named after Caspar Wistar, an
American anatomist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of climbing leguminous plants bearing long, pendulous
clusters of pale bluish flowers.

Note: The species commonest in cultivation is the Wistaria Sinensis
from Eastern Asia. W. fruticosa grows wild in the southern parts of
the United States.

WISTFUL
Wist"ful, a. Etym: [For wishful; perhaps influenced by wistly, which
is probably corrupted from OE. wisly certainly (from Icel. viss
certain, akin to E. wit). See Wish.]

1. Longing; wishful; desirous.
Lifting up one of my sashes, I cast many a wistful, melancholy look
towards the sea. Swift.

2. Full of thought; eagerly attentive; meditative; musing; pensive;
contemplative.
That he who there at such an hour hath been, Will wistful linger on
that hallowed spot. Byron.
-- Wist"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Wist"ful*ness, n.

WISTIT
Wis"tit, n. Etym: [Prob. from native name: cf. F. ouistiti.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American monkey; a marmoset. [Written also
wistiti, and ouistiti.]

WISTLY
Wist"ly, adv. Etym: [See Wistful.]

Defn: Attentively; observingly. [Obs.] Shak.

WISTONWISH
Wis"ton*wish, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wishtonwish.

WIT
Wit, v. t. & i. [inf. (To) Wit; pres. sing. Wot; pl. Wite; imp.
Wist(e); p. p. Wist; p. pr. & vb. n. Wit(t)ing. See the Note below.]
Etym: [OE. witen, pres. ich wot, wat, I know (wot), imp. wiste, AS.
witan, pres. wat, imp. wiste, wisse; akin to OFries. wita, OS. witan,
D. weten, G. wissen, OHG. wizzan, Icel. vita, Sw. veta, Dan. vide,
Goth. witan to observe, wait I know, Russ. vidiete to see, L. videre,
Gr. vid to know, learn; cf. Skr. vid to find. History, Idea, Idol, -
oid, Twit, Veda, Vision, Wise, a. & n., Wot.]

Defn: To know; to learn. "I wot and wist alway." Chaucer.

Note: The present tense was inflected as follows; sing. 1st pers.
wot; 2d pers. wost, or wot(t)est; 3d pers. wot, or wot(t)eth; pl.
witen, or wite. The following variant forms also occur; pres. sing.
1st & 3d pers. wat, woot; pres. pl. wyten, or wyte, weete, wote, wot;
imp. wuste (Southern dialect); p. pr. wotting. Later, other variant
or corrupt forms are found, as, in Shakespeare, 3d pers. sing. pres.
wots.
Brethren, we do you to wit [make you to know] of the grace of God
bestowed on the churches of Macedonia. 2 Cor. viii. 1.
Thou wost full little what thou meanest. Chaucer.
We witen not what thing we prayen here. Chaucer.
When that the sooth in wist. Chaucer.

Note: This verb is now used only in the infinitive, to wit, which is
employed, especially in legal language, to call attention to a
particular thing, or to a more particular specification of what has
preceded, and is equivalent to namely, that is to say.

WIT
Wit, n. Etym: [AS. witt, wit; akin to OFries. wit, G. witz, OHG.
wizzi, Icel. vit, Dan. vid, Sw. vett. sq. root133. See Wit, v.]

1. Mind; intellect; understanding; sense.
Who knew the wit of the Lord or who was his counselor Wyclif (Rom.
xi. 34).
A prince most prudent, of an excellent And unmatched wit and
judgment. Shak.
Will puts in practice what wit deviseth. Sir J. Davies.
He wants not wit the dander to decline. Dryden.

2. A mental faculty, or power of the mind; -- used in this sense
chiefly in the plural, and in certain phrases; as, to lose one's
wits; at one's wits' end, and the like. "Men's wittes ben so dull."
Chaucer.
I will stare him out of his wits. Shak.

3. Felicitous association of objects not usually connected, so as to
produce a pleasant surprise; also. the power of readily combining
objects in such a manner.
The definition of wit is only this, that it is a propriety of
thoughts and words; or, in other terms, thoughts and words elegantly
adapted to the subject. Dryden.
Wit which discovers partial likeness hidden in general diversity.
Coleridge.
Wit lying most in the assemblage of ideas, and putting those together
with quickness and variety wherein can be found any resemblance or
congruity, thereby to make up pleasant pictures in the fancy. Locke.

4. A person of eminent sense or knowledge; a man of genius, fancy, or
humor; one distinguished for bright or amusing sayings, for repartee,
and the like.
In Athens, where books and wits were ever busier than in any other
part of Greece, I find but only two sorts of writings which the
magistrate cared to take notice of; those either blasphemous and
atheistical, or libelous. Milton.
Intemperate wits will spare neither friend nor foe. L'Estrange.
A wit herself, Amelia weds a wit. Young.
The five wits, the five senses; also, sometimes, the five qualities
or faculties, common wit, imagination, fantasy, estimation, and
memory. Chaucer. Nares.
But my five wits nor my five senses can Dissuade one foolish heart
from serving thee. Shak.

Syn.
 -- Ingenuity; humor; satire; sarcasm; irony; burlesque.
 -- Wit, Humor. Wit primarily meant mind; and now denotes the power
of seizing on some thought or occurrence, and, by a sudden turn,
presenting it under aspects wholly new and unexpected -- apparently
natural and admissible, if not perfectly just, and bearing on the
subject, or the parties concerned, with a laughable keenness and
force. "What I want," said a pompous orator, aiming at his
antagonist, "is common sense." "Exactly!" was the whispered reply.
The pleasure we find in wit arises from the ingenuity of the turn,
the sudden surprise it brings, and the patness of its application to
the case, in the new and ludicrous relations thus flashed upon the
view. Humor is a quality more congenial to the English mind than wit.
It consists primarily in taking up the peculiarities of a humorist
(or eccentric person) and drawing them out, as Addison did those of
Sir Roger de Coverley, so that we enjoy a hearty, good-natured laugh
at his unconscious manifestation of whims and oddities. From this
original sense the term has been widened to embrace other sources of
kindly mirth of the same general character. In a well-known
caricature of English reserve, an Oxford student is represented as
standing on the brink of a river, greatly agitated at the sight of a
drowning man before him, and crying out, "O that I had been
introduced to this gentleman, that I might save his life! The,
"Silent Woman" of Ben Jonson is one of the most humorous productions,
in the original sense of the term, which we have in our language.

WITAN
Wit"an, n. pl. [AS., pl. of wita sage, councilor.]

Defn: Lit., wise men; specif. (A.-S. Hist.),

Defn: the members of the national, or king's, council which sat to
assist the king in administrative and judicial matters; also, the
council.

WITCH
Witch, n. Etym: [Cf. Wick of a lamp.]

Defn: A cone of paper which is placed in a vessel of lard or other
fat, and used as a taper. [Prov. Eng.]

WITCH
Witch, n. Etym: [OE. wicche, AS. wicce, fem., wicca, masc.; perhaps
the same word as AS. witiga, witga, a soothsayer (cf. Wiseacre); cf.
Fries. wikke, a witch, LG. wikken to predict, Icel. vitki a wizard,
vitka to bewitch.]

1. One who practices the black art, or magic; one regarded as
possessing supernatural or magical power by compact with an evil
spirit, esp. with the Devil; a sorcerer or sorceress; -- now applied
chiefly or only to women, but formerly used of men as well.
There was a man in that city whose name was Simon, a witch. Wyclif
(Acts viii. 9).
He can not abide the old woman of Brentford; he swears she's a witch.
Shak.

2. An ugly old woman; a hag. Shak.

3. One who exercises more than common power of attraction; a charming
or bewitching person; also, one given to mischief; -- said especially
of a woman or child. [Colloq.]

4. (Geom.)

Defn: A certain curve of the third order, described by Maria Agnesi
under the name versiera.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The stormy petrel. Witch balls, a name applied to the
interwoven rolling masses of the stems of herbs, which are driven by
the winds over the steppes of Tartary. Cf. Tumbleweed. Maunder
(Treas. of Bot.) -- Witches' besoms (Bot.), tufted and distorted
branches of the silver fir, caused by the attack of some fungus.
Maunder (Treas. of Bot.) -- Witches' butter (Bot.), a name of several
gelatinous cryptogamous plants, as Nostoc commune, and Exidia
glandulosa. See Nostoc.
 -- Witch grass (Bot.), a kind of grass (Panicum capillare) with
minute spikelets on long, slender pedicels forming a light, open
panicle.
 -- Witch meal (Bot.), vegetable sulphur. See under Vegetable.

WITCH
Witch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Witched; p. pr. & vb. n. Witching.] Etym:
[AS. wiccian.]

Defn: To bewitch; to fascinate; to enchant.
[I 'll] witch sweet ladies with my words and looks. Shak.
Whether within us or without The spell of this illusion be That
witches us to hear and see. Lowell.

WITCHCRAFT
Witch"craft`, n. Etym: [AS. wiccecræft.]

1. The practices or art of witches; sorcery; enchantments;
intercourse with evil spirits.

2. Power more than natural; irresistible influence.
He hath a witchcraft Over the king in 's tongue. Shak.

WITCH-ELM
Witch"-elm`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Wych-elm.

WITCHERY
Witch"er*y, n; pl. Witcheries (.

1. Sorcery; enchantment; witchcraft.
Great Comus, Deep skilled in all his mother's witcheries. Milton.
A woman infamous . . . for witcheries. Sir W. Scott.

2. Fascination; irresistible influence; enchantment.
He never felt The witchery of the soft blue sky. Wordsworth.
The dear, dear witchery of song. Bryant.

WITCH-HAZEL
Witch"-ha`zel, n. Etym: [See Wych-elm, and Hazel.] (Bot.)

Defn: The wych-elm.
(b) An American shrub or small tree (Hamamelis Virginica), which
blossoms late in autumn.

WITCHING
Witch"ing, a.

Defn: That witches or enchants; suited to enchantment or witchcraft;
bewitching. "The very witching time of night." Shak.
 -- Witch"ing*ly, adv.

WITCH-TREE
Witch"-tree`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The witch-hazel.

WITCHUCK
Wit"chuck`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sand martin, or bank swallow. [Prov. Eng.]

WIT-CRACKER
Wit"-crack`er, n.

Defn: One who breaks jests; a joker. [Obs.] Shak.

WITCRAFT
Wit"craft`, n.

1. Art or skill of the mind; contrivance; invention; wit. [Obs.]
Camden.

2. The art of reasoning; logic. [R.]

WITE
Wite, v. t. Etym: [AS. witan; akin to D. wijten, G. verweisen, Icel.
vita to mulct, and E. wit; cf. AS. witan to see, L. animadvertere to
observe, to punish. Wit, v.]

Defn: To reproach; to blame; to censure; also, to impute as blame.
[Obs. or Scot.] Spenser.
Though that I be jealous, wite me not. Chaucer.
There if that I misspeak or say, Wite it the ale of Southwark, I you
pray. Chaucer.

WITE
Wite, n. Etym: [AS. wite punishment. Wite, v.]

Defn: Blame; reproach. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.

WITELESS
Wite"less, a.

Defn: Blameless. [Obs.] Spenser.

WITEN
Wit"en, obs.

Defn: pl. pres. of Wit. Chaucer.

WITENAGEMOTE
Wit"e*na*ge*mote`, n. Etym: [AS. witena gemot an assembly of the
wise; wita a wise man + gemot assembly.] (AS. Hist.)

Defn: A meeting of wise men; the national council, or legislature, of
England in the days of the Anglo-Saxons, before the Norman Conquest.

WITFISH
Wit"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ladyfish (a).

WITFUL
Wit"ful, a.

Defn: Wise; sensible. [R.] Chapman.

WITH
With, n.

Defn: See Withe.

WITH
With, prep. Etym: [OE. with, AS. wi with, against; akin to AS. wi
against, OFries. with, OS. wi, wi, D. weder, weêr (in comp.), G.
wider against, wieder gain, OHG. widar again, against, Icel. vi
against, with, by, at, Sw. vid at, by, Dan. ved, Goth. wipra against,
Skr. vi asunder. Cf. Withdraw, Withers, Withstand.]

Defn: With denotes or expresses some situation or relation of
nearness, proximity, association, connection, or the like. It is used
especially: --

1. To denote a close or direct relation of opposition or hostility; -
- equivalent to against.
Thy servant will . . . fight with this Philistine. 1 Sam. xvii. 32.

Note: In this sense, common in Old English, it is now obsolete except
in a few compounds; as, withhold; withstand; and after the verbs
fight, contend, struggle, and the like.

2. To denote association in respect of situation or environment;
hence, among; in the company of.
I will buy with you, talk with you, walk with you, and so following;
but I will not eat with you, drink with you, nor pray with you. Shak.
Pity your own, or pity our estate, Nor twist our fortunes with your
sinking fate. Dryden.
See where on earth the flowery glories lie; With her they flourished,
and with her they die. Pope.
There is no living with thee nor without thee. Tatler.
Such arguments had invincible force with those pagan philosophers.
Addison.

3. To denote a connection of friendship, support, alliance,
assistance, countenance, etc.; hence, on the side of.
Fear not, for I am with thee, and will bless thee. Gen. xxvi. 24.

4. To denote the accomplishment of cause, means, instrument, etc; --
sometimes equivalent to by.
That with these fowls I be all to-rent. Chaucer.
Thou wilt be like a lover presently, And tire the hearer with a book
of words. Shak.
[He] entertained a coffeehouse with the following narrative. Addison.
With receiving your friends within and amusing them without, you lead
a good, pleasant, bustling life of it. Goldsmith.

5. To denote association in thought, as for comparison or contrast.
Can blazing carbuncles with her compare. Sandys.

6. To denote simultaneous happening, or immediate succession or
consequence.
With that she told me . . . that she would hide no truth from me. Sir
P. Sidney.
With her they flourished, and with her they die. Pope.
With this he pointed to his face. Dryden.

7. To denote having as a possession or an appendage; as, the
firmament with its stars; a bride with a large fortune. "A maid with
clean hands." Shak.

Note: With and by are closely allied in many of their uses, and it is
not easy to lay down a rule by which to distinguish their uses. See
the Note under By.

WITHAL
With*al", adv. Etym: [With + all.]

1. With this; with that. [Obs.]
He will scarce be pleased withal. Shak.

2. Together with this; likewise; at the same time; in addition; also.
[Archaic]
Fy on possession But if a man be virtuous withal. Chaucer.
If you choose that, then I am yours withal. Shak.
How modest in exception, and withal How terrible in constant
resolution. Shak.

WITHAL
With*al", prep.

Defn: With; -- put after its object, at the end of sentence or clause
in which it stands. [Obs.]
This diamond he greets your wife withal. Shak.
Whatsoever uncleanness it be that a man shall be defiled withal. Lev.
v. 3.

WITHAMITE
With"am*ite, n. Etym: [From its discoverer, H. Witham.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of epidote, of a reddish color, found in Scotland.

WITHDRAW
With*draw", v. t. [imp. Withdrew; p. p. Withdrawn; p. pr. & vb. n.
Withdrawing.] Etym: [With against + draw.]

1. To take back or away, as what has been bestowed or enjoyed; to
draw back; to cause to move away or retire; as, to withdraw aid,
favor, capital, or the like.
Impossible it is that God should withdraw his presence from anything.
Hooker.

2. To take back; to recall or retract; as, to withdraw false charges.

WITHDRAW
With*draw", v. i.

Defn: To retire; to retreat; to quit a company or place; to go away;
as, he withdrew from the company. "When the sea withdrew." King Horn.

Syn.
 -- To recede; retrograde; go back.

WITHDRAWAL
With*draw"al, n.

Defn: The act of withdrawing; withdrawment; retreat; retraction.
Fielding.

WITHDRAWER
With*draw"er, n.

Defn: One who withdraws; one who takes back, or retracts.

WITHDRAWING-ROOM
With*draw"ing-room`, n. Etym: [See Withdraw, and cf. Drawing-room.]

Defn: A room for retirement from another room, as from a dining room;
a drawing-room.
A door in the middle leading to a parlor and withdrawing-room. Sir W.
Scott.

WITHDRAWMENT
With*draw"ment, n.

Defn: The act of withdrawing; withdrawal. W. Belsham.

WITHE
Withe, n. Etym: [OE. withe. Withy, n.] [Written also with.]

1. A flexible, slender twig or branch used as a band; a willow or
osier twig; a withy.

2. A band consisting of a twig twisted.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: An iron attachment on one end of a mast or boom, with a ring,
through which another mast or boom is rigged out and secured; a
wythe. R. H. Dana, Jr.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: A partition between flues in a chimney.

WITHE
Withe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Withed; p. pr. & vb. n. Withing.]

Defn: To bind or fasten with withes.
You shall see him withed, and haltered, and staked, and baited to
death. Bp. Hall.

WITHER
With"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Withered; p. pr. & vb. n. Withering.]
Etym: [OE. wideren; probably the same word as wederen to weather (see
Weather, v. & n.); or cf. G. verwittern to decay, to be weather-
beaten, Lith. vysti to wither.]

1. To fade; to lose freshness; to become sapless; to become sapless;
to dry or shrivel up.
Shall he hot pull up the roots thereof, and cut off the fruit
thereof, that it wither Ezek. xvii. 9.

2. To lose or want animal moisture; to waste; to pin
This is man, old, wrinkled, faded, withered. Shak.
There was a man which had his hand withered. Matt. xii. 10.
Now warm in love, now with'ring in the grave. Dryden.

3. To lose vigor or power; to languish; to pass away. "Names that
must not wither." Byron.
States thrive or wither as moons wax and wane. Cowper.

WITHER
With"er, v. t.

1. To cause to fade, and become dry.
The sun is no sooner risen with a burning heat, but it withereth the
grass, and the flower thereof falleth. James i. 11.

2. To cause to shrink, wrinkle, or decay, for want of animal
moisture. "Age can not wither her." Shak.
Shot forth pernicious fire Among the accursed, that withered all
their strength. Milton.

3. To cause to languish, perish, or pass away; to blight; as, a
reputation withered by calumny.
The passions and the cares that wither life. Bryant.

WITHERBAND
With"er*band`, n. Etym: [Withers + band.] (Far.)

Defn: A piece of iron in a saddle near a horse's withers, to
strengthen the bow.

WITHERED
With"ered, a.

Defn: Faded; dried up; shriveled; wilted; wasted; wasted away.
 -- With"ered*ness, n. Bp. Hall.

WITHERING
With"er*ing, a.

Defn: Tending to wither; causing to shrink or fade.
 -- With"er*ing*ly, adv.

WITHERITE
With"er*ite, n. Etym: [So called after Dr. W. Withering.] (Min.)

Defn: Barium carbonate occurring in white or gray six-sided twin
crystals, and also in columnar or granular masses.

WITHERLING
With"er*ling, n. Etym: [Wither + -ling.]

Defn: A withered person; one who is decrepit. [Obs.] Chapman.

WITHERNAM
With"er*nam, n. Etym: [AS. withernam; wither against + nam a seizure,
fr. niman to take.] (Law)

Defn: A second or reciprocal distress of other goods in lieu of goods
which were taken by a first distress and have been eloigned; a taking
by way of reprisal; -- chiefly used in the expression capias in
withernam, which is the name of a writ used in connection with the
action of replevin (sometimes called a writ of reprisal), which
issues to a defendant in replevin when he has obtained judgment for a
return of the chattels replevied, and fails to obtain them on the
writ of return. Blackstone.

WITHE-ROD
Withe"-rod`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A North American shrub (Viburnum nudum) whose tough osierlike
shoots are sometimes used for binding sheaves.

WITHERS
With"ers, n. pl. Etym: [Properly, the parts which resist the pull or
strain in drawing a load; fr. OE. wither resistance, AS. withre, fr.
wither against; akin to G. widerrist withers. See With, prep.]

Defn: The ridge between the shoulder bones of a horse, at the base of
the neck. See Illust. of Horse.
Let the galled jade wince; our withers are unwrung. Shak.

WITHER-WRUNG
With"er-wrung`, a.

Defn: Injured or hurt in the withers, as a horse.

WITHHOLD
With*hold", v. t. [imp. Withheld; p. p. Withheld, Obs. or Archaic
Withholden (; p. pr. & vb. n. Withholding.] Etym: [With again,
against, back + hold.]

1. To hold back; to restrain; to keep from action.
Withhold, O sovereign prince, your hasty hand From knitting league
with him. Spenser.

2. To retain; to keep back; not to grant; as, to withhold assent to a
proposition.
Forbid who will, none shall from me withhold Longer thy offered good.
Milton.

3. To keep; to maintain; to retain. [Obs.]
To withhold it the more easily in heart. Chaucer.

WITHHOLDER
With*hold"er, n.

Defn: One who withholds.

WITHHOLDMENT
With*hold"ment, n.

Defn: The act of withholding.

WITHIN
With*in", prep. Etym: [OE. withinne, withinnen, AS. withinnan; with
with, against, toward + innan in, inwardly, within, from in in. See
With, prep., In, prep.]

1. In the inner or interior part of; inside of; not without; as,
within doors.
O, unhappy youth! Come not within these doors; within this roof The
enemy of all your graces lives. Shak.
Till this be cured by religion, it is as impossible for a man to be
happy -- that is, pleased and contented within himself -- as it is
for a sick man to be at ease. Tillotson.

2. In the limits or compass of; not further in length than; as,
within five miles; not longer in time than; as, within an hour; not
exceeding in quantity; as, expenses kept within one's income. "That
he repair should again within a little while." Chaucer.
Within these five hours lived Lord Hastings, Untainted, unexamined,
free, at liberty. Shak.

3. Hence, inside the limits, reach, or influence of; not going
outside of; not beyond, overstepping, exceeding, or the like.
Both he and she are still within my power. Dryden.
Within himself The danger lies, yet lies within his power. Milton.
Were every action concluded within itself, and drew no consequence
after it, we should, undoubtedly, never err in our choice of good.
Locke.

WITHIN
With*in", adv.

1. In the inner part; inwardly; internally. "The wound festers
within." Carew.
Ills from within thy reason must prevent. Dryden.

2. In the house; in doors; as, the master is within.

WITHINFORTH
With*in"forth`, adv.

Defn: Within; inside; inwardly. [Obs.] Wyclif.
[It is much greater] labor for to withinforth call into mind, without
sight of the eye withoutforth upon images, what he before knew and
thought upon. Bp. Peacock.

WITHINSIDE
With*in"side`, adv.

Defn: In the inner parts; inside. [Obs.] Graves.

WITHOUT
With*out", prep. Etym: [OE. withoute, withouten, AS. with; with with,
against, toward + outside, fr. out. See With, prep., Out.]

1. On or at the outside of; out of; not within; as, without doors.
Without the gate Some drive the cars, and some the coursers rein.
Dryden.

2. Out of the limits of; out of reach of; beyond.
Eternity, before the world and after, is without our reach. T.
Burnet.

3. Not with; otherwise than with; in absence of, separation from, or
destitution of; not with use or employment of; independently of;
exclusively of; with omission; as, without labor; without damage.
I wolde it do withouten negligence. Chaucer.
Wise men will do it without a law. Bacon.
Without the separation of the two monarchies, the most advantageous
terms . . . must end in our destruction. Addison.
There is no living with thee nor without thee. Tatler.
To do without. See under Do.
 -- Without day Etym: [a translation of L. sine die], without the
appointment of a day to appear or assemble again; finally; as, the
Fortieth Congress then adjourned without day.
 -- Without recourse. See under Recourse.

WITHOUT
With*out", conj.

Defn: Unless; except; -- introducing a clause.
You will never live to my age without you keep yourselves in breath
with exercise, and in heart with joyfulness. Sir P. Sidney.

Note: Now rarely used by good writers or speakers.

WITHOUT
With*out", adv.

1. On or art the outside; not on the inside; not within; outwardly;
externally.
Without were fightings, within were fears. 2 Cor. vii. 5.

2. Outside of the house; out of doors.
The people came unto the house without. Chaucer.

WITHOUT-DOOR
With*out"-door`, a.

Defn: Outdoor; exterior. [Obs.] "Her without-door form." Shak.

WITHOUTEN
With*out"en, prep.

Defn: Without. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WITHOUTFORTH
With*out"forth`, adv.

Defn: Without; outside' outwardly. Cf. Withinforth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WITHSAY
With*say", v. t.

Defn: To contradict; to gainsay; to deny; to renounce. [Obs.] Gower.
If that he his Christendom withsay. Chaucer.

WITHSET
With*set", v. t.

Defn: To set against; to oppose. [Obs.] "Their way he them withset."
R. of Brunne.

WITHSTAND
With*stand", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Withstood; p. pr. & vb. n.
Withstanding.] Etym: [AS. wiedhstandan. See With, prep., and Stand.]

Defn: To stand against; to oppose; to resist, either with physical or
moral force; as, to withstand an attack of troops; to withstand
eloquence or arguments. Piers Plowman.
I withstood him to the face. Gal. ii. 11.
Some village Hampden, that, with dauntless breast. The little tyrant
of his fields withstood. Gray.

WITHSTANDER
With*stand"er, n.

Defn: One who withstands, or opposes; an opponent; a resisting power.

WITHSTOOD
With*stood", imp. & p. p.

Defn: oWithstand.

WITHVINE
With"vine`, n. Etym: [Withe + vine.] (Bot.)

Defn: Quitch grass.

WITHWIND
With"wind`, n. Etym: [AS. wiedhowinde.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis).
He bare a burden ybound with a broad list, In a withewyndes wise
ybounden about. Piers Plowman.

WITHWINE
With"wine`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Withvine.

WITHY
With"y, n.; pl. Withies. Etym: [OE. withe, wipi, AS. wi a willow,
willow twig; akin to G. weide willow, OHG. wida, Icel. vi, a withy,
Sw. vide a willow twig, Dan. vidie a willow, osier, Gr. vitis a vine,
viere to plait, Russ. vite. sq. root141. Cf. Wine, Withe.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The osier willow (Salix viminalis). See Osier, n. (a).

2. A withe. See Withe, 1.

WITHY
With"y, a.

Defn: Made of withes; like a withe; flexible and tough; also,
abounding in withes.
The stream is brimful now, and lies high in this little withy
plantation. G. Eliot.

WITING
Wit"ing, n. Etym: [See Wit, v.]

Defn: Knowledge. [Obs.] "Withouten witing of any other wight."
Chaucer.

WITLESS
Wit"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of wit or understanding; wanting thought; hence,
indiscreet; not under the guidance of judgment. "Witless bravery."
Shak.
A witty mother! witless else her son. Shak.
Witless pity breedeth fruitless love. Fairfax.
-- Wit"less*ly, adv.
 -- Wit"less*ness, n.

WITLING
Wit"ling, n. Etym: [Wit + -ling; cf. G. witzling.]

Defn: A person who has little wit or understanding; a pretender to
wit or smartness.
A beau and witing perished in the forming. Pope.
Ye newspaper witlings! ye pert scribbling folks! Goldsmith.

WITNESS
Wit"ness, n. Etym: [AS. witness, gewitnes, from witan to know. sq.
root133. See Wit, v. i.]

1. Attestation of a fact or an event; testimony.
May we with . . . the witness of a good conscience, pursue him with
any further revenge Shak.
If I bear witness of myself, my witness is not true. John v. 31.

2. That which furnishes evidence or proof.
Laban said to Jacob, . . . This heap be witness, and this pillar be
witness. Gen. xxxi. 51, 52.

3. One who is cognizant; a person who beholds, or otherwise has
personal knowledge of, anything; as, an eyewitness; an earwitness.
"Thyself art witness I am betrothed." Shak.
Upon my looking round, I was witness to appearances which filled me
with melancholy and regret. R. Hall.

4. (Law)
(a) One who testifies in a cause, or gives evidence before a judicial
tribunal; as, the witness in court agreed in all essential facts.
(b) One who sees the execution of an instrument, and subscribes it
for the purpose of confirming its authenticity by his testimony; one
who witnesses a will, a deed, a marriage, or the like. Privileged
witnesses. (Law) See under Privileged.
 -- With a witness, effectually; to a great degree; with great force,
so as to leave some mark as a testimony. [Colloq.]
This, I confess, is haste with a witness. South.

WITNESS
Wit"ness, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Witnessed; p. pr. & vb. n. Witnessing.]

1. To see or know by personal presence; to have direct cognizance of.
This is but a faint sketch of the incalculable calamities and horrors
we must expect, should we ever witness the triumphs of modern
infidelity. R. Hall.
General Washington did not live to witness the restoration of peace.
Marshall.

2. To give testimony to; to testify to; to attest.
Behold how many things they witness against thee. Mark xv. 4.

3. (Law)

Defn: To see the execution of, as an instrument, and subscribe it for
the purpose of establishing its authenticity; as, to witness a bond
or a deed.

WITNESS
Wit"ness, v. i.

Defn: To bear testimony; to give evidence; to testify. Chaucer.
The men of Belial witnessed against him. 1 Kings xxi. 13.
The witnessing of the truth was then so generally attended with this
event [martyrdom] that martyrdom now signifies not only to witness,
but to witness to death. South.

WITNESSER
Wit"ness*er, n.

Defn: One who witness.

WIT-SNAPPER
Wit"-snap`per, n.

Defn: One who affects repartee; a wit-cracker. [Obs.] Shak.

WIT-STARVED
Wit"-starved`, a.

Defn: Barren of wit; destitute of genius. Examiner.

WITTED
Wit"ted, a.

Defn: Having (such) a wit or understanding; as, a quick-witted boy.

WITTICASTER
Wit"tic*as`ter, n. Etym: [Formed like criticaster.]

Defn: A witling. [R.] Milton.

WITTICISM
Wit"ti*cism, n. Etym: [From Witty.]

Defn: A witty saying; a sentence or phrase which is affectedly witty;
an attempt at wit; a conceit. Milton.
He is full of conceptions, points of epigram, and witticisms; all
which are below the dignity of heroic verse. Addison.

WITTIFIED
Wit"ti*fied, a. Etym: [Witty + -fy + -ed.]

Defn: Possessed of wit; witty. [R.] R. North.

WITTILY
Wit"ti*ly, adv.

Defn: In a witty manner; wisely; ingeniously; artfully; with it; with
a delicate turn or phrase, or with an ingenious association of ideas.
Who his own harm so wittily contrives. Dryden.

WITTINESS
Wit"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being witty.

WITTINGLY
Wit"ting*ly, adv. Etym: [See Wit, v.]

Defn: Knowingly; with knowledge; by design.

WITTOL
Wit"tol, n. Etym: [Said to be for white tail, and so called in
allusion to its white tail; but cf. witwal.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wheatear. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A man who knows his wife's infidelity and submits to it; a tame
cuckold; -- so called because the cuckoo lays its eggs in the
wittol's nest. [Obs.] Shak.

WITTOLLY
Wit"tol*ly, a.

Defn: Like a wittol; cuckoldly. [Obs.] Shak.

WITTS
Witts, n. (Mining)

Defn: Tin ore freed from earthy matter by stamping. Knight.

WITTY
Wit"ty, a. [Compar. Wittier; superl. Wittiest.] Etym: [AS. witig,
wittig. See Wit, n.]

1. Possessed of wit; knowing; wise; skillful; judicious; clever;
cunning. [Obs.] "The deep-revolving witty Buckingham." Shak.

2. Especially, possessing wit or humor; good at repartee; droll;
facetious; sometimes, sarcastic; as, a witty remark, poem, and the
like. "Honeycomb, who was so unmercifully witty upon the women."
Addison.

Syn.
 -- Acute; smart; sharp; arch; keen; facetious; amusing; humorous;
satirical; ironical; taunting.

WITWAL; WITWALL
Wit"wal`, Wit"wall`, n. Etym: [Akin to G. wittewal, wiedewall, MHG.
witewal, D. wiedewaal, wielewaal, OD. weduwael, and perhaps the same
word as OE. wodewale. Cf. Wood, n., Wittol.] (Zoöl.)
(a) The golden oriole.
(b) The greater spotted woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.]

WITWORM
Wit"worm`, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, feeds on or destroys wit. [Obs.] B.
Jonson.

WIVE
Wive, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wived; p. pr. & vb. n. Wiving.] Etym: [AS.
wifian, gewifian. See Wite.]

Defn: To marry, as a man; to take a wife.
Wherefore we pray you hastily to wive. Chaucer.

WIVE
Wive, v. t.

1. To match to a wife; to provide with a wife. "An I could get me but
a wife . . . I were manned, horsed, and wived." Shak.

2. To take for a wife; to marry.
I have wived his sister. Sir W. Scott.

WIVEHOOD
Wive"hood, n.

Defn: Wifehood. [Obs.] Spenser.

WIVELESS
Wive"less, a.

Defn: Wifeless. [Obs.] Homilies.

WIVELY
Wive"ly, a.

Defn: Wifely. [Obs.] Udall.

WIVER; WIVERN
Wiv"er, Wiv"ern, n. Etym: [OE. wivere a serpent, OF. wivre, guivre,
F. givre, guivre, wiver, from L. vipera; probably influenced by OHG.
wipera, from the Latin. See Viper, and cf. Weever.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: A fabulous two-legged, winged creature, like a cockatrice, but
having the head of a dragon, and without spurs. [Written also
wyvern.]
The jargon of heraldry, its griffins, its mold warps, its wiverns,
and its dragons. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The weever.

WIVES
Wives, n.

Defn: , pl of Wife.

WIZARD
Wiz"ard, n. Etym: [Probably from wise + -ard.]

1. A wise man; a sage. [Obs.]
See how from far upon the eastern road The star-led wizards [Magi]
haste with odors sweet! Milton.

2. One devoted to the black art; a magician; a conjurer; a sorcerer;
an enchanter.
The wily wizard must be caught. Dryden.

WIZARD
Wiz"ard, a.

1. Enchanting; charming. Collins.

2. Haunted by wizards.
Where Deva spreads her wizard stream. Milton.

WIZARDLY
Wiz"ard*ly, a.

Defn: Resembling or becoming a wizard; wizardlike; weird.

WIZARDRY
Wiz"ard*ry, n.

Defn: The character or practices o "He acquired a reputation
bordering on wizardry." J. A. Symonds.

WIZEN
Wiz"en, v. i. Etym: [OE. wisenen, AS. wisnian akin to weornian to
decay, OHG. wesan to grow dry, G. verwesen to rot, Icel. visna to
wither, Sw. vissna, Dan. visne, and probably to L. virus an offensive
odor, poison. Cf. Virus.]

Defn: To wither; to dry. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

WIZEN
Wiz"en, a.

Defn: Wizened; thin; weazen; withered.
A little lonely, wizen, strangely clad boy. Dickens.

WIZEN
Wiz"en, n.

Defn: The weasand. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

WIZENED
Wiz"ened, a.

Defn: Dried; shriveled; withered; shrunken; weazen; as, a wizened old
man.

WIZEN-FACED
Wiz"en-faced`, a.

Defn: Having a shriveled, thin, withered face.

WLATSOME
Wlat"some, a. Etym: [AS. wlatian to disgust, irk, wl loathing.]

Defn: Loathsome; disgusting; hateful. [Obs.]
Murder is . . . wlatsom and abhominable to God. Chaucer.

WO
Wo, n. & a.

Defn: See Woe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WOAD
Woad, n. Etym: [OE. wod, AS. wad; akin to D. weede, G. waid, OHG.
weit, Dan. vaid, veid, Sw. veide, L. vitrum.] [Written also wad, and
wade.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An herbaceous cruciferous plant (Isatis tinctoria). It was
formerly cultivated for the blue coloring matter derived from its
leaves.

2. A blue dyestuff, or coloring matter, consisting of the powdered
and fermented leaves of the Isatis tinctoria. It is now superseded by
indigo, but is somewhat used with indigo as a ferment in dyeing.
Their bodies . . . painted with woad in sundry figures. Milton.
Wild woad (Bot.), the weld (Reseda luteola). See Weld.
 -- Woad mill, a mill grinding and preparing woad.

WOADED
Woad"ed, a.

Defn: Colored or stained with woad. "Man tattoed or woaded, winter-
clad in skins." Tennyson.

WOAD-WAXEN
Woad"-wax`en, n. Etym: [Cf. Wood-wax.] (Bot.)

Defn: A leguminous plant (Genista tinctoria) of Europe and Russian
Asia, and adventitious in America; -- called also greenwood,
greenweed, dyer's greenweed, and whin, wood-wash, wood-wax, and wood-
waxen.

WOALD
Woald, n.

Defn: See Weld.

WOBBLE
Wob"ble, v. i.

Defn: See Wabble.

WODE
Wode, a. Etym: [AS. wod.]

Defn: Mad. See Wood, a. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer.

WODE
Wode, n.

Defn: Wood. Chaucer.

WODEGELD
Wode"geld`, n. Etym: [See Wood, and Geld.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A geld, or payment, for wood. Burrill.

WODEN
Wo"den, n. Etym: [AS. Woden; akin to OS. Wodan, OHG. Wuotan, Icel.
Othinn, and probably to E. wood, a. Cf. Wednesday.] (Northern Myth.)

Defn: A deity corresponding to Odin, the supreme deity of the
Scandinavians. Wednesday is named for him. See Odin.

WOE
Woe, n. Etym: [OE. wo, wa, woo, AS. wa, interj.; akin to D. wee, OS.
& OHG. we, G. weh, Icel. vei, Dan. vee, Sw. ve, Goth. wai; cf. L.
vae, Gr. Wail.] [Formerly written also wo.]

1. Grief; sorrow; misery; heavy calamity.
Thus saying, from her side the fatal key, Sad instrument of all our
woe, she took. Milton.
[They] weep each other's woe. Pope.

2. A curse; a malediction.
Can there be a woe or curse in all the stores of vengeance equal to
the malignity of such a practice South.

Note: Woe is used in denunciation, and in exclamations of sorrow. "
Woe is me! for I am undone." Isa. vi. 5.
O! woe were us alive [i.e., in life]. Chaucer.
Woe unto him that striveth with his Maker! Isa. xlv. 9.
Woe worth, Woe be to. See Worth, v. i.
Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day, That costs thy life, my
gallant gray! Sir W. Scott.

WOE
Woe, a.

Defn: Woeful; sorrowful. [Obs.]
His clerk was woe to do that deed. Robert of Brunne.
Woe was this knight and sorrowfully he sighed. Chaucer.
And looking up he waxed wondrous woe. Spenser.

WOE-BEGONE
Woe"-be*gone`, a. Etym: [OE. wo begon. See Woe, and Begone, p. p.]

Defn: Beset or overwhelmed with woe; immersed in grief or sorrow;
woeful. Chaucer.
So woe-begone was he with pains of love. Fairfax.

WOEFUL; WOFUL
Woe"ful, Wo"ful, a.

1. Full of woe; sorrowful; distressed with grief or calamity;
afflicted; wretched; unhappy; sad.
How many woeful widows left to bow To sad disgrace! Daniel.

2. Bringing calamity, distress, or affliction; as, a woeful event;
woeful want.
O woeful day! O day of woe! Philips.

3. Wretched; paltry; miserable; poor.
What woeful stuff this madrigal would be! Pope.

WOEFULLY; WOFULLY
Woe"ful*ly, Wo"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In a woeful manner; sorrowfully; mournfully; miserably;
dolefully.

WOEFULNESS; WOFULNESS
Woe"ful*ness, Wo"ful*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being woeful; misery; wretchedness.

WOESOME
Woe"some, a.

Defn: Woeful. [Obs.] Langhorne.

WOKE
Woke, imp. & p. p.

Defn: Wake.

WOL
Wol, v. t. & i.

Defn: See 2d Will. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WOLD
Wold, n. Etym: [OE. wold, wald, AS. weald, wald, a wood, forest; akin
to OFries. & OS. wald, D. woud, G. wald, Icel. völlr, a field, and
probably to Gr. va a garden, inclosure. Cf. Weald.]

1. A wood; a forest.

2. A plain, or low hill; a country without wood, whether hilly or
not.
And from his further bank Ætolia's wolds espied. Byron.
The wind that beats the mountain, blows More softly round the open
wold. Tennyson.

WOLD
Wold, n.

Defn: See Weld.

WOLDE
Wolde, obs.

Defn: imp. of Will. See Would.

WOLF
Wolf, n.; pl. Wolves. Etym: [OE. wolf, wulf, AS. wulf; akin to OS.
wulf, D. & G. wolf, Icel. ulfr, Sw. ulf, Dan. ulv, Goth. wulfs, Lith.
vilkas, Russ. volk', L. lupus, Gr. ly`kos, Skr. vrska; also to Gr.
"e`lkein to draw, drag, tear in pieces. sq. root286. Cf. Lupine, a.,
Lyceum.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of wild and savage carnivores
belonging to the genus Canis and closely allied to the common dog.
The best-known and most destructive species are the European wolf
(Canis lupus), the American gray, or timber, wolf (C. occidentalis),
and the prairie wolf, or coyote. Wolves often hunt in packs, and may
thus attack large animals and even man.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the destructive, and usually hairy, larvæ of several
species of beetles and grain moths; as, the bee wolf.

3. Fig.: Any very ravenous, rapacious, or destructive person or
thing; especially, want; starvation; as, they toiled hard to keep the
wolf from the door.

4. A white worm, or maggot, which infests granaries.

5. An eating ulcer or sore. Cf. Lupus. [Obs.]
If God should send a cancer upon thy face, or a wolf into thy side.
Jer. Taylor.

6. (Mus.)
(a) The harsh, howling sound of some of the chords on an organ or
piano tuned by unequal temperament.
(b) In bowed instruments, a harshness due to defective vibration in
certain notes of the scale.

7. (Textile Manuf.)

Defn: A willying machine. Knight. Black wolf. (Zoöl.) (a) A black
variety of the European wolf which is common in the Pyrenees. (b) A
black variety of the American gray wolf.
 -- Golden wolf (Zoöl.), the Thibetan wolf (Canis laniger); -- called
also chanco.
 -- Indian wolf (Zoöl.), an Asiatic wolf (Canis pallipes) which
somewhat resembles a jackal. Called also landgak.
 -- Prairie wolf (Zoöl.), the coyote.
 -- Sea wolf. (Zoöl.) See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Strand wolf (Zoöl.) the striped hyena.
 -- Tasmanian wolf (Zoöl.), the zebra wolf.
 -- Tiger wolf (Zoöl.), the spotted hyena.
 -- To keep the wolf from the door, to keep away poverty; to prevent
starvation. See Wolf, 3, above. Tennyson.
 -- Wolf dog. (Zoöl.) (a) The mastiff, or shepherd dog, of the
Pyrenees, supposed by some authors to be one of the ancestors of the
St. Bernard dog. (b) The Irish greyhound, supposed to have been used
formerly by the Danes for chasing wolves. (c) A dog bred between a
dog and a wolf, as the Eskimo dog.
 -- Wolf eel (Zoöl.), a wolf fish.
 -- Wolf fish (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large, voracious
marine fishes of the genus Anarrhichas, especially the common species
(A. lupus) of Europe and North America. These fishes have large teeth
and powerful jaws. Called also catfish, sea cat, sea wolf, stone
biter, and swinefish.
 -- Wolf net, a kind of net used in fishing, which takes great
numbers of fish.
 -- Wolf's peach (Bot.), the tomato, or love apple (Lycopersicum
esculentum).
 -- Wolf spider (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of running
ground spiders belonging to the genus Lycosa, or family Lycosidæ.
These spiders run about rapidly in search of their prey. Most of them
are plain brown or blackish in color. See Illust. in App.
 -- Zebra wolf (Zoöl.), a savage carnivorous marsupial (Thylacinus
cynocephalus) native of Tasmania; -- called also Tasmanian wolf.

WOLFBERRY
Wolf"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An American shrub (Symphoricarpus occidentalis) which bears
soft white berries.

WOLFFIAN
Wolff"i*an, a (Anat.)

Defn: Discovered, or first described, by Caspar Friedrich Wolff
(1733-1794), the founder of modern embryology. Wolffian body, the
mesonephros.
 -- Wolffian duct, the duct from the Wolffian body.

WOLFHOUND
Wolf"hound`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Originally, a large hound used in hunting wolves; now, any one
of certain breeds of large dogs, some of which are nearly identical
with the great Danes.

WOLFISH
Wolf"ish, a.

Defn: Like a wolf; having the qualities or form of a wolf; as, a
wolfish visage; wolfish designs.
 -- Wolf"ish*ly, adv.
 -- Wolf"ish*ness, n.

WOLFKIN
Wolf"kin, n.

Defn: A little or young wolf. Tennyson.

WOLFLING
Wolf"ling, n.

Defn: A young wolf. Carlyle.

WOLFRAM
Wol"fram, n. Etym: [G.] (Min.)

Defn: Same as Wolframite.

WOLFRAMATE
Wol"fram*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of wolframic acid; a tungstate.

WOLFRAMIC
Wol*fram"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to wolframium. See Tungstic.

WOLFRAMITE
Wol"fram*ite, n. Etym: [G., wolframit, wolfram; wolf wolf + rahm
cream, soot; cf. G. wolfsruss wolfram, lit., wolf's soot.] (Min.)

Defn: Tungstate of iron and manganese, generally of a brownish or
grayish black color, submetallic luster, and high specific gravity.
It occurs in cleavable masses, and also crystallized. Called also
wolfram.

WOLFRAMIUM
Wol*fra"mi*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Wolfram.] (Chem.)

Defn: The technical name of the element tungsten. See Tungsten.

WOLFRAM STEEL
Wol"fram steel.

Defn: Same as Tungsten steel.

WOLFSBANE
Wolfs"bane`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A poisonous plant (Aconitum Lycoctonum), a kind of monkshood;
also, by extension, any plant or species of the genus Aconitum. See
Aconite.

WOLF'S-CLAW
Wolf's"-claw`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of club moss. See Lycopodium.

WOLF'S-FOOT
Wolf's"-foot`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Club moss. See Lycopodium.

WOLF'S-MILK
Wolf's"-milk`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any kind of spurge (Euphorbia); -- so called from its acrid
milky juice.

WOLL
Woll, v. t. & i.

Defn: See 2d Will. [Obs.]

WOLLASTONITE
Wol"las*ton*ite, n. Etym: [After Dr. W. H. Wollaston, an English
chemist, who died in 1828.] (Min.)

Defn: A silicate of lime of a white to gray, red, or yellow color,
occurring generally in cleavable masses, rarely in tabular crystals;
tabular spar.

WOLLASTON'S DOUBLET
Wol"las*ton's dou"blet. [After W. H. Wollaston, English physicist.]
(Optics)

Defn: A magnifying glass consisting of two plano-convex lenses. It is
designed to correct spherical aberration and chromatic dispersion.

WOLLE
Wolle, n.

Defn: Wool. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WOLVERENE; WOLVERINE
Wol`ver*ene", Wol`ver*ine", n. Etym: [From Wolf, with a dim suffix;
prob. so called from its supposed wolfish qualities.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The glutton.

2. A nickname for an inhabitant of Michigan. [U. S.]

WOLVERENE STATE
Wol`ver*ene" State.

Defn: Michigan; -- a nickname.

WOLVES
Wolves, n.,

Defn: pl. of Wolf.

WOLVISH
Wolv"ish, a.

Defn: Wolfish. Shak.

WOMAN
Wom"an n.; pl. Women. Etym: [OE. woman, womman, wumman, wimman,
wifmon, AS. wifmann, wimmann; wif woman, wife + mann a man. See Wife,
and Man.]

1. An adult female person; a grown-up female person, as distinguished
from a man or a child; sometimes, any female person.
Women are soft, mild pitiful, and flexible. Shak.
And the rib, which the Lord God had taken from man, made he a woman.
Gen. ii. 22.
I have observed among all nations that the women ornament themselves
more than the men; that, wherever found, they are the same kind,
civil, obliging, humane, tender beings, inclined to be gay and
cheerful, timorous and modest. J. Ledyard.

2. The female part of the human race; womankind.
Man is destined to be a prey to woman. Thackeray.

3. A female attendant or servant. " By her woman I sent your
message." Shak. Woman hater, one who hates women; one who has an
aversion to the female sex; a misogynist. Swift.

WOMAN
Wom"an, v. t.

1. To act the part of a woman in; -- with indefinite it. Daniel.

2. To make effeminate or womanish. [R.] Shak.

3. To furnish with, or unite to, a woman. [R.] "To have him see me
woman'd." Shak.

WOMANHEAD; WOMANHEDE
Wom"an*head, Wom"an*hede, n.

Defn: Womanhood. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WOMANHOOD
Wom"an*hood, n.

1. The state of being a woman; the distinguishing character or
qualities of a woman, or of womankind.
Unspotted faith, and comely womanhood. Spenser.
Perhaps the smile and the tender tone Came out of her pitying
womanhood. Tennyson.

2. Women, collectively; womankind.

WOMANISH
Wom"an*ish, a.

Defn: Suitable to a woman, having the qualities of a woman;
effeminate; not becoming a man; -- usually in a reproachful sense.
See the Note under Effeminate. " Thy tears are womanish." Shak. "
Womanish entreaties." Macaulay.
A voice not soft, weak, piping, and womanish, but audible, strong,
and manlike. Ascham.
-- Wom"an*ish*ly, adv.
 -- Wom"an*ish*ness, n.

WOMANIZE
Wom"an*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make like a woman; to make effeminate. [Obs.] V. Knox.

WOMANKIND
Wom"an*kind`, n.

Defn: The females of the human race; women, collectively.
A sanctuary into which womankind, with her tools of magic, the broom
and mop, has very infrequent access. Hawthorne.

WOMANLESS
Wom"an*less, a.

Defn: Without a woman or women.

WOMANLIKE
Wom"an*like, a.

Defn: Like a woman; womanly.
Womanlike, taking revenge too deep. Tennyson.

WOMANLINESS
Wom"an*li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being womanly.
There is nothing wherein their womanliness is more honestly garnished
than with silence. Udall.

WOMANLY
Wom"an*ly, a.

Defn: Becoming a woman; feminine; as, womanly behavior. Arbuthnot.
A blushing, womanly discovering grace. Donne.

WOMANLY
Wom"an*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a woman; with the grace, tenderness, or
affection of a woman. Gascoigne.

WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION
Woman's Christian Temperance Union.

Defn: An association of women formed in the United States in 1874,
for the advancement of temperance by organizing preventive,
educational, evangelistic, social, and legal work.

WOMB
Womb, n. Etym: [OE. wombe, wambe, AS. wamb, womb; akin to D. wam
belly, OS. & OHG. wamba, G. wamme, wampe, Icel. vömb, Sw. v&mb, Dan.
vom, Goth. wamba.]

1. The belly; the abdomen. [Obs.] Chaucer.
And he coveted to fill his woman of the cods that the hogs eat, and
no man gave him. Wyclif (Luke xv. 16).
An I had but a belly of any indifferency, I were simply the most
active fellow in Europe. My womb, my womb, my womb undoes me. Shak.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The uterus. See Uterus.

3. The place where anything is generated or produced.
The womb of earth the genial seed receives. Dryden.

4. Any cavity containing and enveloping anything.
The center spike of gold Which burns deep in the bluebell's womb. R.
Browning.

WOMB
Womb, v. t.

Defn: To inclose in a womb, or as in a womb; to breed or hold in
secret. [Obs.] Shak.

WOMBAT
Wom"bat, n. Etym: [From the native name, womback, wombach, in
Australia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of three species of Australian burrowing marsupials of
the genus Phascolomys, especially the common species (P. ursinus).
They are nocturnal in their habits, and feed mostly on roots.

WOMBY
Womb"y, a.

Defn: Capacious. [Obs.] Shak.

WOMEN
Wom"en, n.,

Defn: pl. of Woman.

WON
Won,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Win.

WON
Won, v. i. Etym: [See 1st Wone.]

Defn: To dwell or abide. [Obs. or Scot.] " Where he wans in forest
wild." Milton.
This land where I have woned thus long. Spenser.

WON
Won, n.

Defn: Dwelling; wone. [Obs.] Spenser.

WONDER
Won"der, n. Etym: [OE. wonder, wunder, AS. wundor; akin to D. wonder,
OS. wundar, OHG. wuntar, G. wunder, Icel. undr, Sw. & Dan. under, and
perhaps to Gr.

1. That emotion which is excited by novelty, or the presentation to
the sight or mind of something new, unusual, strange, great,
extraordinary, or not well understood; surprise; astonishment;
admiration; amazement.
They were filled with wonder and amazement at that which had happened
unto him. Acts iii. 10.
Wonder is the effect of novelty upon ignorance. Johnson.

Note: Wonder expresses less than astonishment, and much less than
amazement. It differs from admiration, as now used, in not being
necessarily accompanied with love, esteem, or approbation.

2. A cause of wonder; that which excites surprise; a strange thing; a
prodigy; a miracle. " Babylon, the wonder of all tongues." Milton.
To try things oft, and never to give over, doth wonders. Bacon.
I am as a wonder unto many. Ps. lxxi. 7.
Seven wonders of the world. See in the Dictionary of Noted Names in
Fiction.

WONDER
Won"der, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wondered; p. pr. & vb. n. Wondering.]
Etym: [AS. wundrian.]

1. To be affected with surprise or admiration; to be struck with
astonishment; to be amazed; to marvel.
I could not sufficiently wonder at the intrepidity of these
diminutive mortals. Swift.
We cease to wonder at what we understand. Johnson.

2. To feel doubt and curiosity; to wait with uncertain expectation;
to query in the mind; as, he wondered why they came.
I wonder, in my soul, What you would ask me, that I should deny.
Shak.

WONDER
Won"der, a.

Defn: Wonderful. [Obs.] Gower.
After that he said a wonder thing. Chaucer.

WONDER
Won"der, adv.

Defn: Wonderfully. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WONDERED
Won"dered, a.

Defn: Having performed wonders; able to perform wonderful things.
[Obs.] Shak.

WONDERER
Won"der*er, n.

Defn: One who wonders.

WONDERFUL
Won"der*ful, a.

Defn: Adapted to excite wonder or admiration; surprising; strange;
astonishing.

Syn.
 -- Marvelous; amazing. See Marvelous.
 -- Won"der*ful*ly, adv.
 -- Won"der*ful*ness, n.

WONDERINGLY
Won"der*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a wondering manner.

WONDERLAND
Won"der*land`, n.

Defn: A land full of wonders, or marvels. M. Arnold.

WONDERLY
Won"der*ly, adv. Etym: [AS. wundorlice.]

Defn: Wonderfully; wondrously. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WONDERMENT
Won"der*ment, n.

Defn: Surprise; astonishment; a wonderful appearance; a wonder.
Bacon.
All the common sights they view, Their wonderment engage. Sir W.
Scott.

WONDEROUS
Won"der*ous, a.

Defn: Same as Wondrous.

WONDERS
Won"ders, adv.

Defn: See Wondrous. [Obs.]
They be wonders glad thereof. Sir T. More.

WONDERSTRUCK
Won"der*struck`, a.

Defn: Struck with wonder, admiration, or surprise. Dryden.

WONDERWORK
Won"der*work`, n. Etym: [AS. wundorweorc.]

Defn: A wonderful work or act; a prodigy; a miracle.
Such as in strange land He found in wonderworks of God and Nature's
hand. Byron.

WONDER-WORKER
Won"der-work`er, n.

Defn: One who performs wonders, or miracles.

WONDER-WORKING
Won"der-work`ing, a.

Defn: Doing wonders or surprising things.

WONDROUS
Won"drous, adv. Etym: [OE. wonders, adv. (later also adj.). See
Wonder, n., and cf. -wards.]

Defn: In a wonderful or surprising manner or degree; wonderfully.
For sylphs, yet mindful of their ancient race, Are, as when women,
wondrous fond of place. Pope.
And now there came both mist and snow, And it grew wondrous cold.
Coleridge.

WONDROUS
Won"drous, a.

Defn: Wonderful; astonishing; admirable; marvelous; such as excite
surprise and astonishment; strange.
That I may . . . tell of all thy wondrous works. Ps. xxvi. 7.
-- Won"drous*ly, adv.
 -- Won"drous*ness, n.
Chloe complains, and wondrously's aggrieved. Granville.

WONE
Wone, v. i. Etym: [OE. wonen, wunen, wonien, wunien, AS. wunian.
Wont, a.]

Defn: To dwell; to abide. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
Their habitation in which they woned. Chaucer.

WONE
Wone, n. Etym: [OE. See Wone, v. i., Wont, a.]

1. Dwelling; habitation; abode. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Custom; habit; wont; use; usage. [Obs.]
To liven in delight was all his wone. Chaucer.

WONG
Wong, n. Etym: [AS. wang, wong.]

Defn: A field. [Obs.] Spelman. "Woods and wonges." Havelok the Dane.

WONGER
Wong"er, n.

Defn: See Wanger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WONING
Won"ing, n.

Defn: Dwelling. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WON'T
Won't.

Defn: A colloquial contraction of woll not. Will not. See Will.

Note: Often pronounced wûnt in New England.

WONT
Wont, a. Etym: [For woned, p. p. of won, wone, to dwell, AS. wunian;
akin to D. wonen, OS. wun, OHG, won, G. wohnen, and AS. wund, gewuna,
custom, habit; orig. probably, to take pleasure; cf. Icel. una to
dwell, to enjoy, Goth. wunan to rejoice (in unwunands sad); and akin
to Skr. van to like, to wish. Wean, Win.]

Defn: Using or doing customarily; accustomed; habituated; used. "As
he was wont to go." Chaucer.
If the ox were wont to push with his horn. Ex. xxi. 29.

WONT
Wont, n.

Defn: Custom; habit; use; usage.
They are . . . to be called out to their military motions, under sky
or covert, according to the season, as was the Roman wont. Milton.
From childly wont and ancient use. Cowper.

WONT
Wont, v. i. [imp. Wont, p. p. Wont, or Wonted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Wonting.]

Defn: To be accustomed or habituated; to be used.
A yearly solemn feast she wont to make. Spenser.

WONT
Wont, v. t.

Defn: To accustom; -- used reflexively.

WONTED
Wont"ed, a.

Defn: Accustomed; customary; usual.
Again his wonted weapon proved. Spenser.
Like an old piece of furniture left alone in its wonted corner. Sir
W. Scott.
She was wonted to the place, and would not remove. L'Estrange.

WONTEDNESS
Wont"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being accustomed. [R.] Eikon Basilike.

WONTLESS
Wont"less, a.

Defn: Unaccustomed. [Obs.] Spenser.

WOO
Woo, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wooed; p. pr. & vb. n. Wooing.] Etym: [OE.
wowen, wo, AS. w, fr. w bent, crooked, bad; akin to OS. wah evil,
Goth. unwahs blameless, Skr. va to waver, and perhaps to E.
vaccilate.]

1. To solicit in love; to court.
Each, like the Grecian artist, wooes The image he himself has
wrought. Prior.

2. To court solicitously; to invite with importunity.
Thee, chantress, oft the woods among I woo, to hear thy even song.
Milton.
I woo the wind That still delays his coming. Bryant.

WOO
Woo, v. i.

Defn: To court; to make love. Dryden.

WOOD
Wood, a. Etym: [OE. wod, AS. w; akin to OHG. wuot, Icel. , Goth. w,
D. woede madness, G. wuth, wut, also to AS. w song, Icel. , L. vates
a seer, a poet. Cf. Wednesday.]

Defn: Mad; insane; possessed; rabid; furious; frantic. [Obs.]
[Written also wode.]
Our hoste gan to swear as [if] he were wood. Chaucer.

WOOD
Wood, v. i.

Defn: To grow mad; to act like a madman; to mad. Chaucer.

WOOD
Wood, n. Etym: [OE. wode, wude, AS. wudu, wiodu; akin to OHG. witu,
Icel. vi, Dan. & Sw. ved wood, and probably to Ir. & Gael. fiodh, W.
gwydd trees, shrubs.]

1. A large and thick collection of trees; a forest or grove; --
frequently used in the plural.
Light thickens, and the crow Makes wing to the rooky wood. Shak.

2. The substance of trees and the like; the hard fibrous substance
which composes the body of a tree and its branches, and which is
covered by the bark; timber. "To worship their own work in wood and
stone for gods." Milton.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The fibrous material which makes up the greater part of the
stems and branches of trees and shrubby plants, and is found to a
less extent in herbaceous stems. It consists of elongated tubular or
needle-shaped cells of various kinds, usually interwoven with the
shinning bands called silver grain.

Note: Wood consists chiefly of the carbohydrates cellulose and
lignin, which are isomeric with starch.

4. Trees cut or sawed for the fire or other uses. Wood acid, Wood
vinegar (Chem.), a complex acid liquid obtained in the dry
distillation of wood, and containing large quantities of acetic acid;
hence, specifically, acetic acid. Formerly called pyroligneous acid.
 -- Wood anemone (Bot.), a delicate flower (Anemone nemorosa) of
early spring; -- also called windflower. See Illust. of Anemone.
 -- Wood ant (Zoöl.), a large ant (Formica rufa) which lives in woods
and forests, and constructs large nests.
 -- Wood apple (Bot.). See Elephant apple, under Elephant.
 -- Wood baboon (Zoöl.), the drill.
 -- Wood betony. (Bot.) (a) Same as Betony. (b) The common American
lousewort (Pedicularis Canadensis), a low perennial herb with
yellowish or purplish flowers.
 -- Wood borer. (Zoöl.) (a) The larva of any one of numerous species
of boring beetles, esp. elaters, longicorn beetles, buprestidans, and
certain weevils. See Apple borer, under Apple, and Pine weevil, under
Pine. (b) The larva of any one of various species of lepidopterous
insects, especially of the clearwing moths, as the peach-tree borer
(see under Peach), and of the goat moths. (c) The larva of various
species of hymenopterous of the tribe Urocerata. See Tremex. (d) Any
one of several bivalve shells which bore in wood, as the teredos, and
species of Xylophaga. (e) Any one of several species of small
Crustacea, as the Limnoria, and the boring amphipod (Chelura
terebrans).
 -- Wood carpet, a kind of floor covering made of thin pieces of wood
secured to a flexible backing, as of cloth. Knight.
 -- Wood cell (Bot.), a slender cylindrical or prismatic cell usually
tapering to a point at both ends. It is the principal constituent of
woody fiber.
 -- Wood choir, the choir, or chorus, of birds in the woods. [Poetic]
Coleridge.
 -- Wood coal, charcoal; also, lignite, or brown coal.
 -- Wood cricket (Zoöl.), a small European cricket (Nemobius
sylvestris).
 -- Wood culver (Zoöl.), the wood pigeon.
 -- Wood cut, an engraving on wood; also, a print from such an
engraving.
 -- Wood dove (Zoöl.), the stockdove.
 -- Wood drink, a decoction or infusion of medicinal woods.
 -- Wood duck (Zoöl.) (a) A very beautiful American duck (Aix
sponsa). The male has a large crest, and its plumage is varied with
green, purple, black, white, and red. It builds its nest in trees,
whence the name. Called also bridal duck, summer duck, and wood
widgeon. (b) The hooded merganser. (c) The Australian maned goose
(Chlamydochen jubata).
 -- Wood echo, an echo from the wood.
 -- Wood engraver. (a) An engraver on wood. (b) (Zoöl.) Any of
several species of small beetles whose larvæ bore beneath the bark of
trees, and excavate furrows in the wood often more or less resembling
coarse engravings; especially, Xyleborus xylographus.
 -- Wood engraving. (a) The act or art engraving on wood; xylography.
(b) An engraving on wood; a wood cut; also, a print from such an
engraving.
 -- Wood fern. (Bot.) See Shield fern, under Shield.
 -- Wood fiber. (a) (Bot.) Fibrovascular tissue. (b) Wood comminuted,
and reduced to a powdery or dusty mass.
 -- Wood fretter (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of beetles
whose larvæ bore in the wood, or beneath the bark, of trees.
 -- Wood frog (Zoöl.), a common North American frog (Rana sylvatica)
which lives chiefly in the woods, except during the breeding season.
It is drab or yellowish brown, with a black stripe on each side of
the head.
 -- Wood germander. (Bot.) See under Germander.
 -- Wood god, a fabled sylvan deity.
 -- Wood grass. (Bot.) See under Grass.
 -- Wood grouse. (Zoöl.) (a) The capercailzie. (b) The spruce
partridge. See under Spruce.
 -- Wood guest (Zoöl.), the ringdove. [Prov. Eng.] -- Wood hen.
(Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of Old World short-winged
rails of the genus Ocydromus, including the weka and allied species.
(b) The American woodcock.
 -- Wood hoopoe (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World
arboreal birds belonging to Irrisor and allied genera. They are
closely allied to the common hoopoe, but have a curved beak, and a
longer tail.
 -- Wood ibis (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large, long-
legged, wading birds belonging to the genus Tantalus. The head and
neck are naked or scantily covered with feathers. The American wood
ibis (Tantalus loculator) is common in Florida.
 -- Wood lark (Zoöl.), a small European lark (Alauda arborea), which,
like, the skylark, utters its notes while on the wing. So called from
its habit of perching on trees.
 -- Wood laurel (Bot.), a European evergreen shrub (Daphne Laureola).
 -- Wood leopard (Zoöl.), a European spotted moth (Zeuzera æsculi)
allied to the goat moth. Its large fleshy larva bores in the wood of
the apple, pear, and other fruit trees.
 -- Wood lily (Bot.), the lily of the valley.
 -- Wood lock (Naut.), a piece of wood close fitted and sheathed with
copper, in the throating or score of the pintle, to keep the rudder
from rising.
 -- Wood louse (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of terrestrial
isopod Crustacea belonging to Oniscus, Armadillo, and related genera.
See Sow bug, under Sow, and Pill bug, under Pill. (b) Any one of
several species of small, wingless, pseudoneuropterous insects of the
family Psocidæ, which live in the crevices of walls and among old
books and papers. Some of the species are called also book lice, and
deathticks, or deathwatches.
 -- Wood mite (Zoöl.), any one of numerous small mites of the family
Oribatidæ. They are found chiefly in woods, on tree trunks and
stones.
 -- Wood mote. (Eng. Law) (a) Formerly, the forest court. (b) The
court of attachment.
 -- Wood nettle. (Bot.) See under Nettle.
 -- Wood nightshade (Bot.), woody nightshade.
 -- Wood nut (Bot.), the filbert.
 -- Wood nymph. (a) A nymph inhabiting the woods; a fabled goddess of
the woods; a dryad. "The wood nymphs, decked with daisies trim."
Milton. (b) (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of handsomely colored
moths belonging to the genus Eudryas. The larvæ are bright-colored,
and some of the species, as Eudryas grata, and E. unio, feed on the
leaves of the grapevine. (c) (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of
handsomely colored South American humming birds belonging to the
genus Thalurania. The males are bright blue, or green and blue.
 -- Wood offering, wood burnt on the altar.
We cast the lots . . . for the wood offering. Neh. x. 34.
-- Wood oil (Bot.), a resinous oil obtained from several East Indian
trees of the genus Dipterocarpus, having properties similar to those
of copaiba, and sometimes substituted for it. It is also used for
mixing paint. See Gurjun.
 -- Wood opal (Min.), a striped variety of coarse opal, having some
resemblance to wood.
 -- Wood paper, paper made of wood pulp. See Wood pulp, below.
 -- Wood pewee (Zoöl.), a North American tyrant flycatcher (Contopus
virens). It closely resembles the pewee, but is smaller.
 -- Wood pie (Zoöl.), any black and white woodpecker, especially the
European great spotted woodpecker.
 -- Wood pigeon. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of Old World
pigeons belonging to Palumbus and allied genera of the family
Columbidæ. (b) The ringdove.
 -- Wood puceron (Zoöl.), a plant louse.
 -- Wood pulp (Technol.), vegetable fiber obtained from the poplar
and other white woods, and so softened by digestion with a hot
solution of alkali that it can be formed into sheet paper, etc. It is
now produced on an immense scale.
 -- Wood quail (Zoöl.), any one of several species of East Indian
crested quails belonging to Rollulus and allied genera, as the red-
crested wood quail (R. roulroul), the male of which is bright green,
with a long crest of red hairlike feathers.
 -- Wood rabbit (Zoöl.), the cottontail.
 -- Wood rat (Zoöl.), any one of several species of American wild
rats of the genus Neotoma found in the Southern United States; --
called also bush rat. The Florida wood rat (Neotoma Floridana) is the
best-known species.
 -- Wood reed grass (Bot.), a tall grass (Cinna arundinacea) growing
in moist woods.
 -- Wood reeve, the steward or overseer of a wood. [Eng.] -- Wood
rush (Bot.), any plant of the genus Luzula, differing from the true
rushes of the genus Juncus chiefly in having very few seeds in each
capsule.
 -- Wood sage (Bot.), a name given to several labiate plants of the
genus Teucrium. See Germander.
 -- Wood screw, a metal screw formed with a sharp thread, and usually
with a slotted head, for insertion in wood.
 -- Wood sheldrake (Zoöl.), the hooded merganser.
 -- Wood shock (Zoöl.), the fisher. See Fisher, 2.
 -- Wood shrike (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Old World
singing birds belonging to Grallina, Collyricincla, Prionops, and
allied genera, common in India and Australia. They are allied to the
true shrikes, but feed upon both insects and berries.
 -- Wood snipe. (Zoöl.) (a) The American woodcock. (b) An Asiatic
snipe (Gallinago nemoricola).
 -- Wood soot, soot from burnt wood.
 -- Wood sore. (Zoöl.) See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo.
 -- Wood sorrel (Bot.), a plant of the genus Oxalis (Oxalis
Acetosella), having an acid taste. See Illust. (a) of Shamrock.
 -- Wood spirit. (Chem.) See Methyl alcohol, under Methyl.
 -- Wood stamp, a carved or engraved block or stamp of wood, for
impressing figures or colors on fabrics.
 -- Wood star (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small South
American humming birds belonging to the genus Calothorax. The male
has a brilliant gorget of blue, purple, and other colors.
 -- Wood sucker (Zoöl.), the yaffle.
 -- Wood swallow (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Old World
passerine birds belonging to the genus Artamus and allied genera of
the family Artamidæ. They are common in the East Indies, Asia, and
Australia. In form and habits they resemble swallows, but in
structure they resemble shrikes. They are usually black above and
white beneath.
 -- Wood tapper (Zoöl.), any woodpecker.
 -- Wood tar. See under Tar.
 -- Wood thrush, (Zoöl.) (a) An American thrush (Turdus mustelinus)
noted for the sweetness of its song. See under Thrush. (b) The missel
thrush.
 -- Wood tick. See in Vocabulary.
 -- Wood tin. (Min.). See Cassiterite.
 -- Wood titmouse (Zoöl.), the goldcgest.
 -- Wood tortoise (Zoöl.), the sculptured tortoise. See under
Sculptured.
 -- Wood vine (Bot.), the white bryony.
 -- Wood vinegar. See Wood acid, above.
 -- Wood warbler. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of American
warblers of the genus Dendroica. See Warbler. (b) A European warbler
(Phylloscopus sibilatrix); -- called also green wren, wood wren, and
yellow wren.
 -- Wood worm (Zoöl.), a larva that bores in wood; a wood borer.
 -- Wood wren. (Zoöl.) (a) The wood warbler. (b) The willow warbler.

WOOD
Wood, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wooded; p. pr. & vb. n. Wooding.]

Defn: To supply with wood, or get supplies of wood for; as, to wood a
steamboat or a locomotive.

WOOD
Wood, v. i.

Defn: To take or get a supply of wood.

WOODBIND
Wood"bind`, n.

Defn: Woodbine. Dryden.
A garland . . . of woodbind or hawthorn leaves. Chaucer.

WOODBINE
Wood"bine`, n. Etym: [AS. wudubind black ivy; -- so named as binding
about trees. See Wood, and Bind, v. t.] (Bot.)
(a) A climbing plant having flowers of great fragrance (Lonicera
Periclymenum); the honeysuckle.
(b) The Virginia creeper. See Virginia creeper, under Virginia.
[Local, U. S.]
Beatrice, who even now Is couched in the woodbine coverture. Shak.

WOOD-BOUND
Wood"-bound`, a.

Defn: Incumbered with tall, woody hedgerows.

WOODBURY-TYPE
Wood"bur*y-type`, n. Etym: [After the name of the inventor, W.
Woodbury.]

1. A process in photographic printing, in which a relief pattern in
gelatin, which has been hardened after certain operations, is pressed
upon a plate of lead or other soft metal. An intaglio impression in
thus produced, from which pictures may be directly printed, but by a
slower process than in common printing.

2. A print from such a plate.

WOODCHAT
Wood"chat`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of several species of Asiatic singing birds belonging to
the genera Ianthia and Larvivora. They are closely allied to the
European robin. The males are usually bright blue above, and more or
less red or rufous beneath.
(b) A European shrike (Enneoctonus rufus). In the male the head and
nape are rufous red; the back, wings, and tail are black, varied with
white.

WOODCHUCK
Wood"chuck`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A common large North American marmot (Arctomys monax). It is
usually reddish brown, more or less grizzled with gray. It makes
extensive burrows, and is often injurious to growing crops. Called
also ground hog.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yaffle, or green woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.]

WOODCOCK
Wood"cock`, n. Etym: [AS. wuducoc.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of long-billed limicoline birds
belonging to the genera Scolopax and Philohela. They are mostly
nocturnal in their habits, and are highly esteemed as game birds.

Note: The most important species are the European (Scolopax
rusticola) and the American woodcock (Philohela minor), which agree
very closely in appearance and habits.

2. Fig.: A simpleton. [Obs.]
If I loved you not, I would laugh at you, and see you Run your neck
into the noose, and cry, "A woodcock!" Beau. & Fl.
Little woodcock. (a) The common American snipe. (b) The European
snipe.
 -- Sea woodcock fish, the bellows fish.
 -- Woodcock owl, the short-eared owl (Asio brachyotus).
 -- Woodcock shell, the shell of certain mollusks of the genus Murex,
having a very long canal, with or without spines.
 -- Woodcock snipe. See under Snipe.

WOODCRACKER
Wood"crack`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The nuthatch. [Prov. Eng.]

WOODCRAFT
Wood"craft`, n.

Defn: Skill and practice in anything pertaining to the woods,
especially in shooting, and other sports in the woods.
Men of the glade and forest! leave Your woodcraft for the field of
fight. Bryant.

WOODCUT
Wood"cut`, n.

Defn: An engraving on wood; also, a print from it. Same as Wood cut,
under Wood.

WOODCUTTER
Wood"cut`ter, n.

1. A person who cuts wood.

2. An engraver on wood. [R.]

WOODCUTTING
Wood"cut`ting, n.

1. The act or employment of cutting wood or timber.

2. The act or art of engraving on wood. [R.]

WOODED
Wood"ed, a.

Defn: Supplied or covered with wood, or trees; as, land wooded and
watered.
The brook escaped from the eye down a deep and wooded dell. Sir W.
Scott.

WOODEN
Wood"en, a.

1. Made or consisting of wood; pertaining to, or resembling, wood;
as, a wooden box; a wooden leg; a wooden wedding.

2. Clumsy; awkward; ungainly; stiff; spiritless.
When a bold man is out of countenance, he makes a very wooden figure
on it. Collier.
His singing was, I confess, a little wooden. G. MacDonald.
Wooden spoon. (a) (Cambridge University, Eng.) The last junior optime
who takes a university degree, -- denoting one who is only fit to
stay at home and stir porridge. "We submit that a wooden spoon of our
day would not be justified in calling Galileo and Napier blockheads
because they never heard of the differential calculus." Macaulay. (b)
In some American colleges, the lowest appointee of the junior year;
sometimes, one especially popular in his class, without reference to
scholarship. Formerly, it was a custom for classmates to present to
this person a wooden spoon with formal ceremonies.
 -- Wooden ware, a general name for buckets, bowls, and other
articles of domestic use, made of wood.
 -- Wooden wedding. See under Wedding.

WOODENLY
Wood"en*ly, adv.

Defn: Clumsily; stupidly; blockishly. R. North.

WOODENNESS
Wood"en*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being wooden; clumsiness; stupidity; blockishness.
We set our faces against the woodenness which then characterized
German philology. Sweet.

WOOD GUM
Wood gum. (Chem.)

Defn: Xylan.

WOODHACK; WOODHACKER
Wood"hack`, Wood"hack`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yaffle. [Prov. Eng.]

WOODHEWER
Wood"hew`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A woodpecker.

WOODHOLE
Wood"hole`, n.

Defn: A place where wood is stored.

WOODHOUSE
Wood"house`, n.

Defn: A house or shed in which wood is stored, and sheltered from the
weather.

WOOD HYACINTH
Wood hyacinth.

Defn: A European squill (Scilla nonscripta) having a scape bearing a
raceme of drooping blue, purple, white, or sometimes pink, bell-
shaped flowers.

WOODINESS
Wood"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being woody. Evelyn.

WOODKNACKER
Wood"knack`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yaffle.

WOODLAND
Wood"land, n.

Defn: Land covered with wood or trees; forest; land on which trees
are suffered to grow, either for fuel or timber.
Here hills and vales, the woodland and the plain, Here earth and
water seem to strive again. Pope.
Woodlands and cultivated fields are harmoniously blended. Bancroft.

WOODLAND
Wood"land, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to woods or woodland; living in the forest;
sylvan.
She had a rustic, woodland air. Wordsworth.
Like summer breeze by woodland stream. Keble.
Woodland caribou. (Zoöl.) See under Caribou.

WOODLANDER
Wood"land*er, n.

Defn: A dweller in a woodland.

WOOD-LAYER
Wood"-lay`er, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A young oak, or other timber plant, laid down in a hedge among
the whitethorn or other plants used in hedges.

WOODLESS
Wood"less, a.

Defn: Having no wood; destitute of wood. Mitford.
 -- Wood"less*ness, n.

WOODLY
Wood"ly, adv.

Defn: In a wood, mad, or raving manner; madly; furiously. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

WOODMAN
Wood"man, n.; pl. Woodmen (. [Written also woodsman.]

1. A forest officer appointed to take care of the king's woods; a
forester. [Eng.]

2. A sportsman; a hunter.
[The duke] is a better woodman than thou takest him for. Shak.

3. One who cuts down trees; a woodcutter.
Woodman, spare that tree. G. P. Morris.

4. One who dwells in the woods or forest; a bushman.

WOODMEIL
Wood"meil, n.

Defn: See Wadmol.

WOODMONGER
Wood"mon`ger, n.

Defn: A wood seller. [Obs.]

WOODNESS
Wood"ness, n. Etym: [From Wood mad.]

Defn: Anger; madness; insanity; rage. [Obs.] Spenser.
Woodness laughing in his rage. Chaucer.

WOOD-NOTE
Wood"-note`, n. Etym: [Wood, n. + note.]

Defn: A wild or natural note, as of a forest bird. [R.]
Or sweetest Shakespeare, fancy's child, Warble his native wood-notes
wild. Milton.

WOOD PARTRIDGE
Wood partridge.
 (a) Any of several small partridges of Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and
neighboring regions belonging to the genera Caloperdix, Rollulus, and
Melanoperdix.
 (b) The Canada grouse. [Local, U. S.]

WOODPECK
Wood"peck`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A woodpecker. [Obs.]

WOODPECKER
Wood"peck`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of scansorial birds belonging to
Picus and many allied genera of the family Picidæ.

Note: These birds have the tail feathers pointed and rigid at the tip
to aid in climbing, and a strong chisellike bill with which they are
able to drill holes in the bark and wood of trees in search of insect
larvæ upon which most of the species feed. A few species feed partly
upon the sap of trees (see Sap sucker, under Sap), others spend a
portion of their time on the ground in search of ants and other
insects. The most common European species are the greater spotted
woodpecker (Dendrocopus major), the lesser spotted woodpecker (D.
minor), and the green woodpecker, or yaffle (see Yaffle). The best-
known American species are the pileated woodpecker (see under
Pileated), the ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis),
which is one of the largest known species, the red-headed woodpecker,
or red-head (Melanerpes erythrocephalus), the red-bellied woodpecker
(M. Carolinus) (see Chab), the superciliary woodpecker (M.
superciliaris), the hairy woodpecker (Dryobates villosus), the downy
woodpecker (D. pubescens), the three-toed, woodpecker (Picoides
Americanus), the golden-winged woodpecker (see Flicker), and the sap
suckers. See also Carpintero. Woodpecker hornbill (Zoöl.), a black
and white Asiatic hornbill (Buceros pica) which resembles a
woodpecker in color.

WOODROCK
Wood"rock`, n. (Min.)

Defn: A compact woodlike variety of asbestus.

WOODRUFF; WOODROOF
Wood"ruff`, Wood"roof`, n. Etym: [AS. wudurofe. See Wood, n., and cf.
Ruff a plaited collar.] (Bot.)

Defn: A little European herb (Asperula odorata) having a pleasant
taste. It is sometimes used for flavoring wine. See Illust. of Whorl.

WOOD-SARE
Wood"-sare`, n. Etym: [Wood + Prov. E. sare for sore.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of froth seen on herbs. [Obs.]

WOOD-SERE
Wood"-sere`, n.

Defn: The time when there no sap in the trees; the winter season.
[Written also wood-seer.] [Obs.] Tusser.

WOODSMAN
Woods"man, n.; pl. Woodsmen (.

Defn: A woodman; especially, one who lives in the forest.

WOOD'S METAL
Wood's" met"al.

Defn: A fusible alloy consisting of one or two parts of cadmium, two
parts of tin, four of lead, with seven or eight part of bismuth. It
melts at from 66º to 71º C. See Fusible metal, under Fusible.

WOODSTONE
Wood"stone`, n. (Min.)

Defn: A striped variety of hornstone, resembling wood in appearance.

WOODSY
Woods"y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the woods or forest. [Colloq. U. S.]
It [sugar making] is woodsy, and savors of trees. J. Burroughs.

WOOD TICK
Wood" tick`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of ticks of the genus Ixodes whose
young cling to bushes, but quickly fasten themselves upon the bodies
of any animal with which they come in contact. When they attach
themselves to the human body they often produce troublesome sores.
The common species of the Northern United States is Ixodes
unipunctata.

WOODWALL
Wood"wall`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yaffle. [Written also woodwale, and woodwele.]

WOODWARD
Wood"ward`, n. (Eng. Forest Law)

Defn: An officer of the forest, whose duty it was to guard the woods.

WOODWARDIA
Wood*war"di*a, n. Etym: [NL. After Thomas J. Woodward, an English
botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of ferns, one species of which (Woodwardia radicans) is
a showy plant in California, the Azores, etc.

WOOD-WASH; WOOD-WAX; WOOD-WAXEN
Wood"-wash`, Wood"-wax`, Wood"-wax`en, n. Etym: [AS. wuduweaxe.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Same as Woadwaxen.

WOODWORK
Wood"work`, n.

Defn: Work made of wood; that part of any structure which is wrought
of wood.

WOODWORM
Wood"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wood worm, under Wood.

WOODY
Wood"y, a.

1. Abounding with wood or woods; as, woody land. "The woody
wilderness." Bryant.
Secret shades Of woody Ida's inmost grove. Milton.

2. Consisting of, or containing, wood or woody fiber; ligneous; as,
the woody parts of plants.

3. Of or pertaining to woods; sylvan. [R.] "Woody nymphs, fair
Hamadryades." Spenser. Woody fiber. (Bot.) (a) Fiber or tissue
consisting of slender, membranous tubes tapering at each end. (b) A
single wood cell. See under Wood. Goodale.
 -- Woody nightshade. (Bot.). See Bittersweet, 3 (a).
 -- Woody pear (Bot.), the inedible, woody, pear-shaped fruit of
several Australian proteaceous trees of the genus Xylomelum; --
called also wooden pear.

WOOER
Woo"er, n. Etym: [AS. wogere. See Woo, v. t.]

Defn: One who wooes; one who courts or solicits in love; a suitor. "A
thriving wooer." Gibber.

WOOF
Woof, n. Etym: [OE. oof, AS. , , aweb; on, an, on + wef, web, fr.
wefan to weave. The initial w is due to the influence of E. weave.
See On, Weave, and cf. Abb.]

1. The threads that cross the warp in a woven fabric; the weft; the
filling; the thread usually carried by the shuttle in weaving.

2. Texture; cloth; as, a pall of softest woof. Pope.

WOOFELL
Woo"fell, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European blackbird. "The woofell near at hand that hath a
golden bill." Drayton.

WOOFY
Woof"y, a.

Defn: Having a close texture; dense; as, a woofy cloud. J. Baillie.

WOOHOO
Woo`hoo", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sailfish.

WOOINGLY
Woo"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a wooing manner; enticingly; with persuasiveness. Shak.

WOOK
Wook", obs. imp. of Wake.

Defn: Woke. Chaucer.

WOOL
Wool, n. Etym: [OE. wolle, wulle, AS. wull; akin to D. wol, OHG.
wolla, G. wolle, Icel. & Sw. ull, Dan. uld, Goth, wulla, Lith. vilna,
Russ. volna, L. vellus, Skr. wool, Flannel, Velvet.]

1. The soft and curled, or crisped, species of hair which grows on
sheep and some other animals, and which in fineness sometimes
approaches to fur; -- chiefly applied to the fleecy coat of the
sheep, which constitutes a most essential material of clothing in all
cold and temperate climates.

Note: Wool consists essentially of keratin.

2. Short, thick hair, especially when crisped or curled.
Wool of bat and tongue of dog. Shak.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A sort of pubescence, or a clothing of dense, curling hairs on
the surface of certain plants. Dead pulled wool, wool pulled from a
carcass.
 -- Mineral wool. See under Mineral.
 -- Philosopher's wool. (Chem.) See Zinc oxide, under Zinc.
 -- Pulled wool, wool pulled from a pelt, or undressed hide.
 -- Slag wool. Same as Mineral wool, under Mineral.
 -- Wool ball, a ball or mass of wool.
 -- Wool burler, one who removes little burs, knots, or extraneous
matter, from wool, or the surface of woolen cloth.
 -- Wool comber. (a) One whose occupation is to comb wool. (b) A
machine for combing wool.
 -- Wool grass (Bot.), a kind of bulrush (Scirpus Eriophorum) with
numerous clustered woolly spikes.
 -- Wool scribbler. See Woolen scribbler, under Woolen, a.
 -- Wool sorter's disease (Med.), a disease, resembling malignant
pustule, occurring among those who handle the wool of goats and
sheep.
 -- Wool staple, a city or town where wool used to be brought to the
king's staple for sale. [Eng.] -- Wool stapler. (a) One who deals in
wool. (b) One who sorts wool according to its staple, or its
adaptation to different manufacturing purposes.
 -- Wool winder, a person employed to wind, or make up, wool into
bundles to be packed for sale.

WOOLD
Woold, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Woolded; p. pr. & vb. n. Woolding.] Etym:
[D. woelen, bewoelen; akin to G. wuhlen, bewuhlen. *146.] (Naut.)

Defn: To wind, or wrap; especially, to wind a rope round, as a mast
or yard made of two or more pieces, at the place where it has been
fished or scarfed, in order to strengthen it.

WOOLDER
Woold"er, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A stick used to tighten the rope in woolding.

2. (Rope Making)

Defn: One of the handles of the top, formed by a wooden pin passing
through it. See 1st Top, 2.

WOOLDING
Woold"ing, n. (Naut.)
(a) The act of winding or wrapping anything with a rope, as a mast.
(b) A rope used for binding masts and spars.

WOOL-DYED
Wool"-dyed`, a.

Defn: Dyed before being made into cloth, in distinction from piece-
dyed; ingrain.

WOOLED
Wooled, a.

Defn: Having (such) wool; as, a fine-wooled sheep.

WOOLEN
Wool"en, a. Etym: [OE. wollen; cf. AS. wyllen. See Wool.] [Written
also woollen.]

1. Made of wool; consisting of wool; as, woolen goods.

2. Of or pertaining to wool or woolen cloths; as, woolen
manufactures; a woolen mill; a woolen draper. Woolen scribbler, a
machine for combing or preparing wool in thin, downy, translucent
layers.

WOOLEN
Wool"en, n. Etym: [Written also woollen.]

Defn: Cloth made of wool; woollen goods.

WOOLENET
Wool`en*et", n.

Defn: A thin, light fabric of wool. [Written also woollenet,
woolenette, and woollenette.]

WOOLERT
Woo"lert, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The barn owl. [Prov. Eng.] [Written also oolert, and owlerd.]

WOOLFELL
Wool"fell`, n. Etym: [Wool + fell a skin.]

Defn: A skin with the wool; a skin from which the wool has not been
sheared or pulled. [Written also woolfel.]

WOOLGATHERING
Wool"gath`er*ing, a.

Defn: Indulging in a vagrant or idle exercise of the imagination;
roaming upon a fruitless quest; idly fanciful.

WOOLGATHERING
Wool"gath`er*ing, n.

Defn: Indulgence in idle imagination; a foolish or useless pursuit or
design.
His wits were a woolgathering, as they say. Burton.

WOOLGROWER
Wool"grow`er, n.

Defn: One who raises sheep for the production of wool.
 -- Wool"grow`ing, n.

WOOL-HALL
Wool"-hall`, n.

Defn: A trade market in the woolen districts. [Eng.]

WOOLHEAD
Wool"head`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The buffel duck.

WOOLLINESS
Wool"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being woolly.

WOOLLY
Wool"ly, a.

1. Consisting of wool; as, a woolly covering; a woolly fleece.

2. Resembling wool; of the nature of wool. "My fleece of woolly
hair." Shak.

3. Clothed with wool. "Woolly breeders." Shak.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Clothed with a fine, curly pubescence resembling wool. Woolly
bear (Zoöl.), the hairy larva of several species of bombycid moths.
The most common species in the United States are the salt-marsh
caterpillar (see under Salt), the black and red woolly bear, or larva
of the Isabella moth (see Illust., under Isabella Moth), and the
yellow woolly bear, or larva of the American ermine moth (Spilosoma
Virginica).
 -- Woolly butt (Bot.), an Australian tree (Eucalyptus longifolia),
so named because of its fibrous bark.
 -- Woolly louse (Zoöl.), a plant louse (Schizoneura, or Erisoma,
lanigera) which is often very injurious to the apple tree. It is
covered with a dense coat of white filaments somewhat resembling fine
wool or cotton. In exists in two forms, one of which infests the
roots, the other the branches. See Illust. under Blight.
 -- Woolly macaco (Zoöl.), the mongoose lemur.
 -- Woolly maki (Zoöl.), a long-tailed lemur (Indris laniger) native
of Madagascar, having fur somewhat like wool; -- called also avahi,
and woolly lemur.
 -- Woolly monkey (Zoöl.), any South American monkey of the genus
Lagothrix, as the caparro.
 -- Woolly rhinoceros (Paleon.), an extinct rhinoceros (Rhinoceros
tichorhinus) which inhabited the arctic regions, and was covered with
a dense coat of woolly hair. It has been found frozen in the ice of
Siberia, with the flesh and hair well preserved.

WOOLLY-HEAD
Wool"ly-head`, n.

Defn: A negro. [Low]

WOOLMAN
Wool"man, n.; pl. Woolmen (.

Defn: One who deals in wool.

WOOLPACK
Wool"pack`, n.

Defn: A pack or bag of wool weighing two hundred and forty pounds.

WOOLSACK
Wool"sack`, n.

Defn: A sack or bag of wool; specifically, the seat of the lord
chancellor of England in the House of Lords, being a large, square
sack of wool resembling a divan in form.

WOOLSEY
Wool"sey, n. Etym: [From Wool.]

Defn: Linsey-woolsey.

WOOLSTOCK
Wool"stock`, n.

Defn: A heavy wooden hammer for milling cloth.

WOOLWARD
Wool"ward, adv. Etym: [Wool + -ward.]

Defn: In wool; with woolen raiment next the skin. [Obs.]

WOOLWARD-GOING
Wool"ward-go`ing, n.

Defn: A wearing of woolen clothes next the skin as a matter of
penance. [Obs.]
Their . . . woolward-going, and rising at midnight. Tyndale.

WOON
Woon, n.

Defn: Dwelling. See Wone. [Obs.]

WOORALI
Woo"ra*li, n.

Defn: Same as Curare.

WOOSY
Woos"y, a.

Defn: Oozy; wet. [Obs.] Drayton.

WOOTZ
Wootz (woots), n. Etym: [Perhaps a corruption of Canarese ukku
steel.]

Defn: A species of steel imported from the East Indies, valued for
making edge tools; Indian steel. It has in combination a minute
portion of alumina and silica.

WOOYEN
Woo"yen, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Yuen.

WOPEN
Wo"pen, obs. p. p. of Weep.

Defn: Wept. Chaucer.

WORBLE
Wor"ble, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wormil.

WORD
Word, n. Etym: [AS. word; akin to OFries. & OS. word, D. woord, G.
wort, Icel. oredh, Sw. & Dan. ord, Goth. waúrd, OPruss. wirds, Lith.
vardas a name, L. verbum a word; or perhaps to Gr. "rh`twr an orator.
Cf. Verb.]

1. The spoken sign of a conception or an idea; an articulate or vocal
sound, or a combination of articulate and vocal sounds, uttered by
the human voice, and by custom expressing an idea or ideas; a single
component part of human speech or language; a constituent part of a
sentence; a term; a vocable. "A glutton of words." Piers Plowman.
You cram these words into mine ears, against The stomach of my sense.
Shak.
Amongst men who confound their ideas with words, there must be
endless disputes. Locke.

2. Hence, the written or printed character, or combination of
characters, expressing such a term; as, the words on a page.

3. pl.

Defn: Talk; discourse; speech; language.
Why should calamity be full of words Shak.
Be thy words severe; Sharp as he merits, but the sword forbear.
Dryden.

4. Account; tidings; message; communication; information; -- used
only in the singular.
I pray you . . . bring me word thither How the world goes. Shak.

5. Signal; order; command; direction.
Give the word through. Shak.

6. Language considered as implying the faith or authority of the
person who utters it; statement; affirmation; declaration; promise.
Obey thy parents; keep thy word justly. Shak.
I know you brave, and take you at your word. Dryden.
I desire not the reader should take my word. Dryden.

7. pl.

Defn: Verbal contention; dispute.
Some words there grew 'twixt Somerset and me. Shak.

8. A brief remark or observation; an expression; a phrase, clause, or
short sentence.
All the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this; Thou shalt love
thy neighbor as thyself. Gal. v. 14.
She said; but at the happy word "he lives," My father stooped, re-
fathered, o'er my wound. Tennyson.
There is only one other point on which I offer a word of remark.
Dickens.
By word of mouth, orally; by actual speaking. Boyle.
 -- Compound word. See under Compound, a.
 -- Good word, commendation; favorable account. "And gave the
harmless fellow a good word." Pope.
 -- In a word, briefly; to sum up.
 -- In word, in declaration; in profession. "Let us not love in word,
. . . but in deed and in truth." 1 John iii. 8.
 -- Nuns of the Word Incarnate (R. C. Ch.), an order of nuns founded
in France in 1625, and approved in 1638. The order, which also exists
in the United States, was instituted for the purpose of doing honor
to the "Mystery of the Incarnation of the Son of God." -- The word,
or The Word. (Theol.) (a) The gospel message; esp., the Scriptures,
as a revelation of God. "Bold to speak the word without fear." Phil.
i. 14. (b) The second person in the Trinity before his manifestation
in time by the incarnation; among those who reject a Trinity of
persons, some one or all of the divine attributes personified. John
i. 1.
 -- To eat one's words, to retract what has been said.
 -- To have the words for, to speak for; to act as spokesman. [Obs.]
"Our host hadde the wordes for us all." Chaucer.
 -- Word blindness (Physiol.), inability to understand printed or
written words or symbols, although the person affected may be able to
see quite well, speak fluently, and write correctly. Landois &
Stirling.
 -- Word deafness (Physiol.), inability to understand spoken words,
though the person affected may hear them and other sounds, and hence
is not deaf.
 -- Word dumbness (Physiol.), inability to express ideas in verbal
language, though the power of speech is unimpaired.
 -- Word for word, in the exact words; verbatim; literally; exactly;
as, to repeat anything word for word.
 -- Word painting, the act of describing an object fully and vividly
by words only, so as to present it clearly to the mind, as if in a
picture.
 -- Word picture, an accurate and vivid description, which presents
an object clearly to the mind, as if in a picture.
 -- Word square, a series of words so arranged that they can be read
vertically and horizontally with like results.

Syn.
 -- See Term.

WORD
Word, v. i.

Defn: To use words, as in discussion; to argue; to dispute. [R.]

WORD
Word, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Worded; p. pr. & vb. n. Wording.]

1. To express in words; to phrase.
The apology for the king is the same, but worded with greater
deference to that great prince. Addison.

2. To ply with words; also, to cause to be by the use of a word or
words. [Obs.] Howell.

3. To flatter with words; to cajole. [Obs.] Shak. To word it, to
bandy words; to dispute. [Obs.] "To word it with a shrew."
L'Estrange.

WORDBOOK
Word"book`, n. Etym: [Cf. D. woordenboek, G. wörterbuch.]

Defn: A collection of words; a vocabulary; a dictionary; a lexicon.

WORD-CATCHER
Word"-catch`er, n.

Defn: One who cavils at words.

WORDER
Word"er, n.

Defn: A speaker. [Obs.] Withlock.

WORDILY
Word"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a wordy manner.

WORDINESS
Word"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being wordy, or abounding with words;
verboseness. Jeffrey.

WORDING
Word"ing, n.

Defn: The act or manner of expressing in words; style of expression;
phrasing.
It is believed this wording was above his known style. Milton.

WORDISH
Word"ish, a.

Defn: Respecting words; full of words; wordy. [R.] Sir P. Sidney.
 -- Word"ish*ness, n.
The truth they hide by their dark woordishness. Sir K. Digby.

WORDLE
Wor"dle, n.

Defn: One of several pivoted pieces forming the throat of an
adjustable die used in drawing wire, lead pipe, etc. Knight.

WORDLESS
Word"less, a.

Defn: Not using words; not speaking; silent; speechless. Shak.

WORD METHOD
Word method. (Education)

Defn: A method of teaching reading in which words are first taken as
single ideograms and later analyzed into their phonetic and
alphabetic elements; -- contrasted with the alphabet and sentence
methods.

WORDPLAY
Word"play`, n.

Defn: A more or less subtle playing upon the meaning of words.

WORDSMAN
Words"man, n.

Defn: One who deals in words, or in mere words; a verbalist. [R.]
"Some speculative wordsman." H. Bushnell.

WORDY
Word"y, a. [Compar. Wordier; superl. Wordiest.]

1. Of or pertaining to words; consisting of words; verbal; as, a
wordy war. Cowper.

2. Using many words; verbose; as, a wordy speaker.

3. Containing many words; full of words.
We need not lavish hours in wordy periods. Philips.

WORE
Wore,

Defn: imp. of Wear.

WORE
Wore,

Defn: imp. of Ware.

WORK
Work, n. Etym: [OE. work, werk, weork, AS. weorc, worc; akin to
OFries. werk, wirk, OS., D., & G. werk, OHG. werc, werah, Icel. & Sw.
verk, Dan. værk, Goth. gawaúrki, Gr. verez to work. Bulwark, Energy,
Erg, Georgic, Liturgy, Metallurgy, Organ, Surgeon, Wright.]

1. Exertion of strength or faculties; physical or intellectual effort
directed to an end; industrial activity; toil; employment; sometimes,
specifically, physically labor.
Man hath his daily work of body or mind Appointed. Milton.

2. The matter on which one is at work; that upon which one spends
labor; material for working upon; subject of exertion; the thing
occupying one; business; duty; as, to take up one's work; to drop
one's work.
Come on, Nerissa; I have work in hand That you yet know not of. Shak.
In every work that he began . . . he did it with all his heart, and
prospered. 2 Chron. xxxi. 21.

3. That which is produced as the result of labor; anything
accomplished by exertion or toil; product; performance; fabric;
manufacture; in a more general sense, act, deed, service, effect,
result, achievement, feat.
To leave no rubs or blotches in the work. Shak.
The work some praise, And some the architect. Milton.
Fancy . . . Wild work produces oft, and most in dreams. Milton.
The composition or dissolution of mixed bodies . . . is the chief
work of elements. Sir K. Digby.

4. Specifically: (a) That which is produced by mental labor; a
composition; a book; as, a work, or the works, of Addison. (b)
Flowers, figures, or the like, wrought with the needle; embroidery.
I am glad I have found this napkin; . . . I'll have the work ta'en
out, And give 't Iago. Shak.
(c) pl.

Defn: Structures in civil, military, or naval engineering, as docks,
bridges, embankments, trenches, fortifications, and the like; also,
the structures and grounds of a manufacturing establishment; as, iron
works; locomotive works; gas works. (d) pl.

Defn: The moving parts of a mechanism; as, the works of a watch.

5. Manner of working; management; treatment; as, unskillful work
spoiled the effect. Bp. Stillingfleet.

6. (Mech.)

Defn: The causing of motion against a resisting force. The amount of
work is proportioned to, and is measured by, the product of the force
into the amount of motion along the direction of the force. See
Conservation of energy, under Conservation, Unit of work, under Unit,
also Foot pound, Horse power, Poundal, and Erg.
Energy is the capacity of doing work . . . Work is the transference
of energy from one system to another. Clerk Maxwell.

7. (Mining)

Defn: Ore before it is dressed. Raymond.

8. pl. (Script.)

Defn: Performance of moral duties; righteous conduct.
He shall reward every man according to his works. Matt. xvi. 27.
Faith, if it hath not works, is dead. James ii. 17.
Muscular work (Physiol.), the work done by a muscle through the power
of contraction.
 -- To go to work, to begin laboring; to commence operations; to
contrive; to manage. "I 'll go another way to work with him." Shak.
 -- To set on work, to cause to begin laboring; to set to work.
[Obs.] Hooker.
 -- To set to work, to employ; to cause to engage in any business or
labor.

WORK
Work, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Worked, or Wrought (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Working.] Etym: [AS. wyrcean (imp. worthe, wrohte, p. p. geworht,
gewroht); akin to OFries. werka, wirka, OS. wirkian, D. werken, G.
wirken, Icel. verka, yrkja, orka, Goth. waúrkjan. *145. See Work, n.]

1. To exert one's self for a purpose; to put forth effort for the
attainment of an object; to labor; to be engaged in the performance
of a task, a duty, or the like.
O thou good Kent, how shall I live and work, To match thy goodness
Shak.
Go therefore now, and work; for there shall no straw be given you.
Ex. v. 18.
Whether we work or play, or sleep or wake, Our life doth pass. Sir J.
Davies.

2. Hence, in a general sense, to operate; to act; to perform; as, a
machine works well.
We bend to that the working of the heart. Shak.

3. Hence, figuratively, to be effective; to have effect or influence;
to conduce.
We know that all things work together for good to them that love God.
Rom. viii. 28.
This so wrought upon the child, that afterwards he desired to be
taught. Locke.
She marveled how she could ever have been wrought upon to marry him.
Hawthorne.

4. To carry on business; to be engaged or employed customarily; to
perform the part of a laborer; to labor; to toil.
They that work in fine flax . . . shall be confounded. Isa. xix. 9.

5. To be in a state of severe exertion, or as if in such a state; to
be tossed or agitated; to move heavily; to strain; to labor; as, a
ship works in a heavy sea.
Confused with working sands and rolling waves. Addison.

6. To make one's way slowly and with difficulty; to move or penetrate
laboriously; to proceed with effort; -- with a following preposition,
as down, out, into, up, through, and the like; as, scheme works out
by degrees; to work into the earth.
Till body up to spirit work, in bounds Proportioned to each kind.
Milton.

7. To ferment, as a liquid.
The working of beer when the barm is put in. Bacon.

8. To act or operate on the stomach and bowels, as a cathartic.
Purges . . . work best, that is, cause the blood so to do, . . . in
warm weather or in a warm room. Grew.

To work at, to be engaged in or upon; to be employed in.
 -- To work to windward (Naut.), to sail or ply against the wind; to
tack to windward. Mar. Dict.

WORK
Work, v. t.

1. To labor or operate upon; to give exertion and effort to; to
prepare for use, or to utilize, by labor.
He could have told them of two or three gold mines, and a silver
mine, and given the reason why they forbare to work them at that
time. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. To produce or form by labor; to bring forth by exertion or toil;
to accomplish; to originate; to effect; as, to work wood or iron into
a form desired, or into a utensil; to work cotton or wool into cloth.
Each herb he knew, that works or good or ill. Harte.

3. To produce by slow degrees, or as if laboriously; to bring
gradually into any state by action or motion. "Sidelong he works his
way." Milton.
So the pure, limpid stream, when foul with stains Of rushing torrents
and descending rains, Works itself clear, and as it runs, refines,
Till by degrees the floating mirror shines. Addison.

4. To influence by acting upon; to prevail upon; to manage; to lead.
"Work your royal father to his ruin." Philips.

5. To form with a needle and thread or yarn; especially, to
embroider; as, to work muslin.

6. To set in motion or action; to direct the action of; to keep at
work; to govern; to manage; as, to work a machine.
Knowledge in building and working ships. Arbuthnot.
Now, Marcus, thy virtue's the proof; Put forth thy utmost strength,
work every nerve. Addison.
The mariners all 'gan work the ropes, Where they were wont to do.
Coleridge.

7. To cause to ferment, as liquor. To work a passage (Naut.), to pay
for a passage by doing work.
 -- To work double tides (Naut.), to perform the labor of three days
in two; -- a phrase which alludes to a practice of working by the
night tide as well as by the day.
 -- To work in, to insert, introduce, mingle, or interweave by labor
or skill.
 -- To work into, to force, urge, or insinuate into; as, to work
one's self into favor or confidence.
 -- To work off, to remove gradually, as by labor, or a gradual
process; as, beer works off impurities in fermenting.
 -- To work out. (a) To effect by labor and exertion. "Work out your
own salvation with fear and trembling." Phil. ii. 12. (b) To erase;
to efface. [R.]
Tears of joy for your returning spilt, Work out and expiate our
former guilt. Dryden.
(c) To solve, as a problem. (d) To exhaust, as a mine, by working.
 -- To work up. (a) To raise; to excite; to stir up; as, to work up
the passions to rage.
The sun, that rolls his chariot o'er their heads, Works up more fire
and color in their cheeks. Addison.
(b) To expend in any work, as materials; as, they have worked up all
the stock. (c) (Naut.) To make over or into something else, as yarns
drawn from old rigging, made into spun yarn, foxes, sennit, and the
like; also, to keep constantly at work upon needless matters, as a
crew in order to punish them. R. H. Dana, Jr.

WORKABLE
Work"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being worked, or worth working; as, a workable mine;
workable clay.

WORKADAY
Work"a*day`, n.

Defn: See Workyday.

WORKBAG
Work"bag`, n.

Defn: A bag for holding implements or materials for work; especially,
a reticule, or bag for holding needlework, and the like.

WORKBASKET
Work"bas`ket, n.

Defn: A basket for holding materials for needlework, or the like.

WORKBENCH
Work"bench`, n.

Defn: A bench on which work is performed, as in a carpenter's shop.

WORKBOX
Work"box`, n.

Defn: A box for holding instruments or materials for work.

WORKDAY
Work"day`, n. & a. Etym: [AS. weorcdæg.]

Defn: A day on which work is performed, as distinguished from Sunday,
festivals, etc., a working day.

WORKER
Work"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, works; a laborer; a performer; as, a
worker in brass.
Professors of holiness, but workers of iniquity. Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the neuter, or sterile, individuals of the social ants,
bees, and white ants. The workers are generally females having the
sexual organs imperfectly developed. See Ant, and White ant, under
White.

WORKFELLOW
Work"fel`low, n.

Defn: One engaged in the same work with another; a companion in work.

WORKFOLK
Work"folk`, n.

Defn: People that labor.

WORKFUL
Work"ful, a.

Defn: Full of work; diligent. [R.]

WORKHOUSE
Work"house`, n.; pl. Workhouses. Etym: [AS. weorch.]

1. A house where any manufacture is carried on; a workshop.

2. A house in which idle and vicious persons are confined to labor.

3. A house where the town poor are maintained at public expense, and
provided with labor; a poorhouse.

WORKING
Work"ing,

Defn: a & n. from Work.
The word must cousin be to the working. Chaucer.
Working beam. See Beam, n. 10.
 -- Working class, the class of people who are engaged in manual
labor, or are dependent upon it for support; laborers; operatives; --
chiefly used in the plural.
 -- Working day. See under Day, n.
 -- Working drawing, a drawing, as of the whole or part of a
structure, machine, etc., made to a scale, and intended to be
followed by the workmen. Working drawings are either general or
detail drawings.
 -- Working house, a house where work is performed; a workhouse.
 -- Working point (Mach.), that part of a machine at which the effect
required; the point where the useful work is done.

WORKING-DAY
Work"ing-day, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characteristic of, working days, or workdays;
everyday; hence, plodding; hard-working.
O, how full of briers in this working-day world. Shak.

WORKINGMAN
Work"ing*man, n.; pl. Workingmen (.

Defn: A laboring man; a man who earns his daily support by manual
labor.

WORKLESS
Work"less, a.

1. Without work; not laboring; as, many people were still workless.

2. Not carried out in practice; not exemplified in fact; as, workless
faith. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

WORKMAN
Work"man, n.; pl. Workmen. Etym: [AS. weorcmann.]

1. A man employed in labor, whether in tillage or manufactures; a
worker.

2. Hence, especially, a skillful artificer or laborer.

WORKMANLIKE
Work"man*like`, a.

Defn: Becoming a workman, especially a skillful one; skillful; well
performed.

WORKMANLY
Work"man*ly, a.

Defn: Becoming a skillful workman; skillful; well performed;
workmanlike.

WORKMANLY
Work"man*ly, adv.

Defn: In a skillful manner; in a manner becoming a skillful workman.
Shak.

WORKMANSHIP
Work"man*ship, n.

1. The art or skill of a workman; the execution or manner of making
anything.
Due reward For her praiseworthy workmanship to yield. Spenser.
Beauty is nature's brag, and must be shown . . . Where most may
wonder at the workmanship. Milton.

2. That which is effected, made, or produced; manufacture, something
made by manual labor.
Not any skilled in workmanship embossed. Spenser.
By how much Adam exceeded all men in perfection, by being the
immediate workmanship of God. Sir W. Raleigh.

WORKMASTER
Work"mas`ter, n.

Defn: The performer of any work; a master workman. [R.] Spenser.

WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION ACT
Workmen's compensation act. (Law)

Defn: A statute fixing the compensation that a workman may recover
from an employer in case of accident, esp. the British act of 6 Edw.
VII. c. 58 (1906) giving to a workman, except in certain cases of
"serious and willful misconduct," a right against his employer to a
certain compensation on the mere occurrence of an accident where the
common law gives the right only for negligence of the employer.

WORKROOM
Work"room`, n.

Defn: Any room or apartment used especially for labor.

WORKSHIP
Work"ship, n.

Defn: Workmanship. [R.]

WORKSHOP
Work"shop`, n.

Defn: A shop where any manufacture or handiwork is carried on.

WORKTABLE
Work"ta`ble, n.

Defn: A table for holding working materials and implements; esp., a
small table with drawers and other conveniences for needlework, etc.

WORKWAYS; WORKWISE
Work"ways`, Work"wise`, adv.

Defn: In a working position or manner; as, a T rail placed workwise,
i.e., resting on its base.

WORKWOMAN
Work"wom`an, n.; pl. Workwomen (, n.

Defn: A woman who performs any work; especially, a woman skilled in
needlework.

WORKYDAY
Work"y*day`, n. Etym: [See Workday, Workingday.]

Defn: A week day or working day, as distinguished from Sunday or a
holiday. Also used adjectively. [Written also workiday, and
workaday.] [Obs. or Colloq.]
Prithee, tell her but a workyday fortune. Shak.

WORLD
World, n. Etym: [OE. world, werld, weorld, weoreld, AS. weorold,
worold; akin to OS. werold, D. wereld, OHG. weralt, worolt, werolt,
werlt, G. welt, Icel. veröld, Sw. verld, Dan. verden; properly, the
age of man, lifetime, humanity; AS. wer a man + a word akin to E.
old; cf. AS. yld lifetime, age, ylde men, humanity. Cf. Werewolf,
Old.]

1. The earth and the surrounding heavens; the creation; the system of
created things; existent creation; the universe.
The invisible things of him from the creation of the world are
clearly seen. Rom. 1. 20.
With desire to know, What nearer might concern him, how this world Of
heaven and earth conspicuous first began. Milton.

2. Any planet or heavenly body, especially when considered as
inhabited, and as the scene of interests analogous with human
interests; as, a plurality of worlds. "Lord of the worlds above." I.
Watts.
Amongst innumerable stars, that shone Star distant, but high-hand
seemed other worlds. Milton.
There may be other worlds, where the inhabitants have never violated
their allegiance to their almighty Sovereign. W. B. Sprague.

3. The earth and its inhabitants, with their concerns; the sum of
human affairs and interests.
That forbidden tree, whose mortal taste Brought death into the world,
and all our woe. Milton.

4. In a more restricted sense, that part of the earth and its
concerns which is known to any one, or contemplated by any one; a
division of the globe, or of its inhabitants; human affairs as seen
from a certain position, or from a given point of view; also, state
of existence; scene of life and action; as, the Old World; the New
World; the religious world; the Catholic world; the upper world; the
future world; the heathen world.
One of the greatest in the Christian world Shall be my surety. Shak.
Murmuring that now they must be put to make war beyond the world's
end -- for so they counted Britain. Milton.

5. The customs, practices, and interests of men; general affairs of
life; human society; public affairs and occupations; as, a knowledge
of the world.
Happy is she that from the world retires. Waller.
If knowledge of the world makes man perfidious, May Juba ever live in
ignorance. Addison.

6. Individual experience of, or concern with, life; course of life;
sum of the affairs which affect the individual; as, to begin the
world with no property; to lose all, and begin the world anew.

7. The inhabitants of the earth; the human race; people in general;
the public; mankind.
Since I do purpose to marry, I will think nothing to any purpose that
the world can say against it. Shak.
Tell me, wench, how will the world repute me For undertaking so
unstaid a journey Shak.

8. The earth and its affairs as distinguished from heaven; concerns
of this life as distinguished from those of the life to come; the
present existence and its interests; hence, secular affairs;
engrossment or absorption in the affairs of this life; worldly
corruption; the ungodly or wicked part of mankind.
I pray not for the world, but for them which thou hast given me; for
they are thine. John xvii. 9.
Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world. If any
man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him. For all
that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the
eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but is of the
world. 1 John ii. 15, 16.

9. As an emblem of immensity, a great multitude or quantity; a large
number. "A world of men." Chapman. "A world of blossoms for the bee."
Bryant.
Nor doth this wood lack worlds of company. Shak.
A world of woes dispatched in little space. Dryden.
All . . . in the world, all that exists; all that is possible; as,
all the precaution in the world would not save him.
 -- A world to see, a wonder to see; something admirable or
surprising to see. [Obs.]
O, you are novices; 't is a world to see How tame, when men and women
are alone, A meacock wretch can make the curstest shrew. Shak.
-- For all the world. (a) Precisely; exactly. (b) For any
consideration.
 -- Seven wonders of the world. See in the Dictionary of Noted Names
in Fiction.
 -- To go to the world, to be married. [Obs.] "Thus goes every one to
the world but I . . . ; I may sit in a corner and cry heighho for a
husband!" Shak.
 -- World's end, the end, or most distant part, of the world; the
remotest regions.
 -- World without end, eternally; forever; everlastingly; as if in a
state of existence having no end.
Throughout all ages, world without end. Eph. iii. 21.

WORLDLINESS
World"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being worldly; a predominant passion for
obtaining the good things of this life; covetousness; addictedness to
gain and temporal enjoyments; worldly-mindedness.

WORLDLING
World"ling, Etym: [World + -ling.]

Defn: A person whose soul is set upon gaining temporal possessions;
one devoted to this world and its enjoyments.
A foutre for the world and worldlings base. Shak.
If we consider the expectations of futurity, the worldling gives up
the argument. Rogers.
And worldlings blot the temple's gold. Keble.

WORLDLY
World"ly, a. Etym: [AS. woroldlic.]

1. Relating to the world; human; common; as, worldly maxims; worldly
actions. "I thus neglecting worldly ends." Shak.
Many years it hath continued, standing by no other worldly mean but
that one only hand which erected it. Hooker.

2. Pertaining to this world or life, in contradistinction from the
life to come; secular; temporal; devoted to this life and its
enjoyments; bent on gain; as, worldly pleasures, affections, honor,
lusts, men.
With his soul fled all my worldly solace. Shak.

3. Lay, as opposed to clerical. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WORLDLY
World"ly, adv.

Defn: With relation to this life; in a worldly manner.
Subverting worldly strong and worldly wise By simply meek. Milton.

WORLDLY-MINDED
World"ly-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Devoted to worldly interests; mindful of the affairs of the
present life, and forgetful of those of the future; loving and
pursuing this world's goods, to the exclusion of piety and attention
to spiritual concerns.
 -- World"ly*mind`ed*ness, n.

WORLDLYWISE; WORLDLY-WISE
World"ly*wise`, World"ly`-*wise`, a.

Defn: Wise in regard to things of this world. Bunyan.

WORLD-WIDE
World"-wide`, a.

Defn: Extended throughout the world; as, world-wide fame. Tennyson.

WORM
Worm (wûrm), n. Etym: [OE. worm, wurm, AS. wyrm; akin to D. worm, OS.
& G. wurm, Icel. ormr, Sw. & Dan. orm, Goth. waúrms, L. vermis, Gr.
Vermicelli, Vermilion, Vermin.]

1. A creeping or a crawling animal of any kind or size, as a serpent,
caterpillar, snail, or the like. [Archaic]
There came a viper out of the heat, and leapt on his hand. When the
men of the country saw the worm hang on his hand, they said, This man
must needs be a murderer. Tyndale (Acts xxviii. 3, 4).
'T is slander, Whose edge is sharper than the sword, whose tongue
Outvenoms all the worms of Nile. Shak.
When Cerberus perceived us, the great worm, His mouth he opened and
displayed his tusks. Longfellow.

2. Any small creeping animal or reptile, either entirely without
feet, or with very short ones, including a great variety of animals;
as, an earthworm; the blindworm. Specifically: (Zoöl.)
(a) Any helminth; an entozoön.
(b) Any annelid.
(c) An insect larva. (d) pl.

Defn: Same as Vermes.

3. An internal tormentor; something that gnaws or afflicts one's mind
with remorse.
The worm of conscience still begnaw thy soul! Shak.

4. A being debased and despised.
I am a worm, and no man. Ps. xxii. 6.

5. Anything spiral, vermiculated, or resembling a worm; as:
(a) The thread of a screw.
The threads of screws, when bigger than can be made in screw plates,
are called worms. Moxon.

(b) A spiral instrument or screw, often like a double corkscrew, used
for drawing balls from firearms.
(c) (Anat.) A certain muscular band in the tongue of some animals, as
the dog; the lytta. See Lytta.
(d) The condensing tube of a still, often curved and wound to
economize space. See Illust. of Still.
(e) (Mach.) A short revolving screw, the threads of which drive, or
are driven by, a worm wheel by gearing into its teeth or cogs. See
Illust. of Worm gearing, below. Worm abscess (Med.), an abscess
produced by the irritation resulting from the lodgment of a worm in
some part of the body.
 -- Worm fence. See under Fence.
 -- Worm gear. (Mach.) (a) A worm wheel. (b) Worm gearing.
 -- Worm gearing, gearing consisting of a worm and worm wheel working
together.
 -- Worm grass. (Bot.) (a) See Pinkroot, 2 (a). (b) The white
stonecrop (Sedum album) reputed to have qualities as a vermifuge. Dr.
Prior.
 -- Worm oil (Med.), an anthelmintic consisting of oil obtained from
the seeds of Chenopodium anthelminticum.
 -- Worm powder (Med.), an anthelmintic powder.
 -- Worm snake. (Zoöl.) See Thunder snake (b), under Thunder.
 -- Worm tea (Med.), an anthelmintic tea or tisane.
 -- Worm tincture (Med.), a tincture prepared from dried earthworms,
oil of tartar, spirit of wine, etc. [Obs.] -- Worm wheel, a cogwheel
having teeth formed to fit into the spiral spaces of a screw called a
worm, so that the wheel may be turned by, or may turn, the worm; --
called also worm gear, and sometimes tangent wheel. See Illust. of
Worm gearing, above.

WORM
Worm, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wormed; p. pr. & vb. n. Worming.]

Defn: To work slowly, gradually, and secretly.
When debates and fretting jealousy Did worm and work within you more
and more, Your color faded. Herbert.

WORM
Worm, v. t.

1. To effect, remove, drive, draw, or the like, by slow and secret
means; -- often followed by out.
They find themselves wormed out of all power. Swift.
They . . . wormed things out of me that I had no desire to tell.
Dickens.

2. To clean by means of a worm; to draw a wad or cartridge from, as a
firearm. See Worm, n. 5 (b).

3. To cut the worm, or lytta, from under the tongue of, as a dog, for
the purpose of checking a disposition to gnaw. The operation was
formerly supposed to guard against canine madness.
The men assisted the laird in his sporting parties, wormed his dogs,
and cut the ears of his terrier puppies. Sir W. Scott.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: To wind rope, yarn, or other material, spirally round, between
the strands of, as a cable; to wind with spun yarn, as a small rope.
Ropes . . . are generally wormed before they are served. Totten.
To worm one's self into, to enter into gradually by arts and
insinuations; as, to worm one's self into favor.

WORMAL
Wor"mal, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wormil.

WORM-EATEN
Worm"-eat`en, a.

1. Eaten, or eaten into, by a worm or by worms; as, worm-eaten
timber.
Concave as a covered goblet, or a worm-eaten nut. Shak.

2. Worn-out; old; worthless. [R.] Sir W. Raleigh.
 -- Worm"-eat`en*ness, n. [R.] Dr. John Smith.

WORMED
Wormed, a.

Defn: Penetrated by worms; injured by worms; worm-eaten; as, wormed
timber.

WORMHOLE
Worm"hole`, n.

Defn: A burrow made by a worm.

WORMIAN
Wor"mi*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Discovered or described by Olanus Wormius, a Danish anatomist.
Wormian bones, small irregular plates of bone often interposed in the
sutures between the large cranial bones.

WORMIL
Wor"mil, n. Etym: [Cf. 1st Warble.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any botfly larva which burrows in or beneath the skin of
domestic and wild animals, thus producing sores. They belong to
various species of Hypoderma and allied genera. Domestic cattle are
often infested by a large species. See Gadfly. Called also warble,
and worble. [Written also wormal, wormul, and wornil.]

2. (Far.)

Defn: See 1st Warble, 1 (b).

WORMLING
Worm"ling, n.

Defn: A little worm.
O dusty wormling! dost thou strive and stand With heaven's high
monarch Sylvester.

WORMSEED
Worm"seed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several plants, as Artemisia santonica, and
Chenopodium anthelminticum, whose seeds have the property of
expelling worms from the stomach and intestines. Wormseed mustard, a
slender, cruciferous plant (Erysinum cheiranthoides) having small
lanceolate leaves.

WORM-SHAPED
Worm"-shaped`, a.

Defn: Shaped like a worm; as, a worm-shaped root.

WORM-SHELL
Worm"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Vermetus.

WORMUL
Wor"mul, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wornil.

WORMWOOD
Worm"wood, n. Etym: [AS. werm, akin to OHG. wermuota, wormuota, G.
wermuth, wermut; of uncertain origin.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A composite plant (Artemisia Absinthium), having a bitter and
slightly aromatic taste, formerly used as a tonic and a vermifuge,
and to protect woolen garments from moths. It gives the peculiar
flavor to the cordial called absinthe. The volatile oil is a narcotic
poison. The term is often extended to other species of the same
genus.

2. Anything very bitter or grievous; bitterness.
Lest there should be among you a root that beareth gall and wormwood.
Deut. xxix. 18.
Roman wormwood (Bot.), an American weed (Ambrosia artemisiæfolia);
hogweed.
 -- Tree wormwood (Bot.), a species of Artemisia (probably Artemisia
variabilis) with woody stems.
 -- Wormwood hare (Zoöl.), a variety of the common hare (Lepus
timidus); -- so named from its color.

WORMY
Worm"y, a. [Compar. Wormier; superl. Wormiest.]

1. Containing a worm; abounding with worms. "Wormy beds." Shak.

2. Like or pertaining to a worm; earthy; groveling.

WORN
Worn,

Defn: p. p. of Wear. Worn land, land that has become exhausted by
tillage, or which for any reason has lost its fertility.

WORNIL
Wor"nil, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wormil.

WORN-OUT
Worn"-out`, a.

Defn: Consumed, or rendered useless, by wearing; as, worn-out
garments.

WORRAL; WORREL
Wor"ral, Wor"rel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Egyptian fork-tongued lizard, about four feet long when full
grown.

WORRIER
Wor"ri*er, n.

Defn: One who worries.

WORRIMENT
Wor"ri*ment, n. Etym: [See Worry.]

Defn: Trouble; anxiety; worry. [Colloq. U. S.]

WORRISOME
Wor"ri*some, a.

Defn: Inclined to worry or fret; also, causing worry or annoyance.

WORRIT
Wor"rit, v. t.

Defn: To worry; to annoy. [Illiterate]

WORRIT
Wor"rit, n.

Defn: Worry; anxiety. [Illiterate]

WORRY
Wor"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Worried; p. pr. & vb. n. Worrying.] Etym:
[OE. worowen, wirien, to strangle, AS. wyrgan in awyrgan; akin to D.
worgen, wurgen, to strangle, OHG. wurgen, G. würgen, Lith. verszti,
and perhaps to E. wring.]

1. To harass by pursuit and barking; to attack repeatedly; also, to
tear or mangle with the teeth.
A hellhound that doth hunt us all to death; That dog that had his
teeth before his eyes, To worry lambs and lap their gentle blood.
Shak.

2. To harass or beset with importunity, or with care an anxiety; to
vex; to annoy; to torment; to tease; to fret; to trouble; to plague.
"A church worried with reformation." South.
Let them rail, And worry one another at their pleasure. Rowe.
Worry him out till he gives consent. Swift.

3. To harass with labor; to fatigue. [Colloq.]

WORRY
Wor"ry, v. i.

Defn: To feel or express undue care and anxiety; to manifest
disquietude or pain; to be fretful; to chafe; as, the child worries;
the horse worries.

WORRY
Wor"ry, n.; pl. Worries (.

Defn: A state of undue solicitude; a state of disturbance from care
and anxiety; vexation; anxiety; fret; as, to be in a worry. "The whir
and worry of spindle and of loom." Sir T. Browne.

WORRYINGLY
Wor"ry*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a worrying manner.

WORSE
Worse, a., compar. of Bad. Etym: [OE. werse, worse, wurse, AS.
wiersa, wyrsa, a comparative with no corresponding positive; akin to
OS. wirsa, OFries. wirra, OHG. wirsiro, Icel. verri, Sw. värre, Dan.
värre, Goth. waírsiza, and probably to OHG. werran to bring into
confusion, E. war, and L. verrere to sweep, sweep along. As bad has
no comparative and superlative, worse and worst are used in lieu of
them, although etymologically they have no relation to bad.]

Defn: Bad, ill, evil, or corrupt, in a greater degree; more bad or
evil; less good; specifically, in poorer health; more sick; -- used
both in a physical and moral sense.
Or worse, if men worse can devise. Chaucer.
[She] was nothing bettered, but rather grew worse. Mark v. 26.
Evil men and seducers shall wax worse and worse. 2 Tim. iii. 13.
There are men who seem to believe they are not bad while another can
be found worse. Rambler.
"But I love him." "Love him Worse and worse." Gay.

WORSE
Worse, n.

1. Loss; disadvantage; defeat. "Judah was put to the worse before
Israel." Kings xiv. 12.

2. That which is worse; something less good; as, think not the worse
of him for his enterprise.

WORSE
Worse, adv. Etym: [AS. wiers, wyrs; akin to OS. & OHG. wirs, Icel.
verr, Goth, waírs; a comparative adverb with no corresponding
positive. See Worse, a.]

Defn: In a worse degree; in a manner more evil or bad.
Now will we deal worse with thee than with them. Gen. xix. 9.

WORSE
Worse, v. t. Etym: [OE. wursien, AS. wyrsian to become worse.]

Defn: To make worse; to put disadvantage; to discomfit; to worst. See
Worst, v.
Weapons more violent, when next we meet, May serve to better us and
worse our foes. Milton.

WORSEN
Wors"en, v. t.

1. To make worse; to deteriorate; to impair.
It is apparent that, in the particular point of which we have been
conversing, their condition is greatly worsened. Southey.

2. To get the better of; to worst. [R.]

WORSEN
Wors"en, v. i.

Defn: To grow or become worse. De Quincey.
Indifferent health, which seemed rather to worsen than improve.
Carlyle.

WORSER
Wors"er, a.

Defn: Worse. [R.]
Thou dost deserve a worser end. Beau. & Fl.
From worser thoughts which make me do amiss. Bunyan.
A dreadful quiet felt, and, worser far Than arms, a sullen interval
of war. Dryden.

Note: This old and redundant form of the comparative occurs
occasionally in the best authors, although commonly accounted a
vulgarism. It has, at least, the analogy of lesser to sanction its
issue. See Lesser. "The experience of man's worser nature, which
intercourse with ill-chosen associates, by choice or circumstance,
peculiarly teaches." Hallam.

WORSHIP
Wor"ship, n. Etym: [OE. worshipe, wuredhscipe, AS. weoredhscipe;
weoredh worth + -scipe -ship. See Worth, a., and -ship.]

1. Excellence of character; dignity; worth; worthiness. [Obs.] Shak.
A man of worship and honour. Chaucer.
Elfin, born of noble state, And muckle worship in his native land.
Spenser.

2. Honor; respect; civil deference. [Obs.]
Of which great worth and worship may be won. Spenser.
Then shalt thou have worship in the presence of them that sit at meat
with thee. Luke xiv. 10.

3. Hence, a title of honor, used in addresses to certain magistrates
and others of rank or station.
My father desires your worships' company. Shak.

4. The act of paying divine honors to the Supreme Being; religious
reverence and homage; adoration, or acts of reverence, paid to God,
or a being viewed as God. "God with idols in their worship joined."
Milton.
The worship of God is an eminent part of religion, and prayer is a
chief part of religious worship. Tillotson.

5. Obsequious or submissive respect; extravagant admiration;
adoration.
'T is your inky brows, your black silk hair, Your bugle eyeballs, nor
your cheek of cream, That can my spirits to your worship. Shak.

6. An object of worship.
In attitude and aspect formed to be At once the artist's worship and
despair. Longfellow.
Devil worship, Fire worship, Hero worship, etc. See under Devil,
Fire, Hero, etc.

WORSHIP
Wor"ship, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Worshiped or Worshipped; p. pr. & vb.
n. Worshiping or Worshipping.]

1. To respect; to honor; to treat with civil reverence. [Obsoles.]
Chaucer.
Our grave . . . shall have a tongueless mouth, Not worshiped with a
waxen epitaph. Shak.
This holy image that is man God worshipeth. Foxe.

2. To pay divine honors to; to reverence with supreme respect and
veneration; to perform religious exercises in honor of; to adore; to
venerate.
But God is to be worshiped. Shak.
When all our fathers worshiped stocks and stones. Milton.

3. To honor with extravagant love and extreme submission, as a lover;
to adore; to idolize.
With bended knees I daily worship her. Carew.

Syn.
 -- To adore; revere; reverence; bow to; honor.

WORSHIP
Wor"ship, v. i.

Defn: To perform acts of homage or adoration; esp., to perform
religious service.
Our fathers worshiped in this mountain; and ye say that in Jerusalem
is the place where men ought to worship. John iv. 20.
Was it for this I have loved . . . and worshiped in silence
Longfellow.

WORSHIPABILITY
Wor`ship*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being worthy to be worshiped. [R.] Coleridge.

WORSHIPABLE
Wor"ship*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being worshiped; worthy of worship. [R.] Carlyle.

WORSHIPER
Wor"ship*er, n.

Defn: One who worships; one who pays divine honors to any being or
thing; one who adores. [Written also worshipper.]

WORSHIPFUL
Wor"ship*ful, a.

Defn: Entitled to worship, reverence, or high respect; claiming
respect; worthy of honor; -- often used as a term of respect,
sometimes ironically. "This is worshipful society." Shak.
[She is] so dear and worshipful. Chaucer.
-- Wor"ship*ful*ly, adv.
 -- Wor"ship*ful*ness, n.

WORST
Worst, a., superl. of Bad. Etym: [OE. werst, worste, wurste, AS.
wyrst, wierst, wierrest. See Worse, a.]

Defn: Bad, evil, or pernicious, in the highest degree, whether in a
physical or moral sense. See Worse. "Heard so oft in worst extremes."
Milton.
I have a wife, the worst that may be. Chaucer.
If thou hadst not been born the worst of men, Thou hadst been a knave
and flatterer. Shak.

WORST
Worst, n.

Defn: That which is most bad or evil; the most severe, pernicious,
calamitous, or wicked state or degree.
The worst is not So long as we can say, This is the worst. Shak.
He is always sure of finding diversion when the worst comes to the
worst. Addison.

WORST
Worst, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Worsted; p. pr. & vb. n. Worsting.] Etym:
[See Worse, v. t. & a.]

Defn: To gain advantage over, in contest or competition; to get the
better of; to defeat; to overthrow; to discomfit.
The . . . Philistines were worsted by the captivated ark. South.

WORST
Worst, v. i.

Defn: To grow worse; to deteriorate. [R.] "Every face . . .
worsting." Jane Austen.

WORSTED
Worst"ed, n. Etym: [From Worsted, now spelled Worstead, a town in
Norfolk, England; for Worthstead. See Worth, n., and Stead.]

1. Well-twisted yarn spun of long-staple wool which has been combed
to lay the fibers parallel, used for carpets, cloth, hosiery, gloves,
and the like.

2. Fine and soft woolen yarn, untwisted or lightly twisted, used in
knitting and embroidery.

WORT
Wort, n. Etym: [OE. wort, wurt, AS. wyrt herb, root; akin to OS.
wurt, G. wurz, Icel. jurt, urt, Dan. urt, Sw. ört, Goth. waúrts a
root, L. radix, Gr. root, n. Cf. Licorice, Orchard, Radish, Root, n.,
Whortleberry, Wort an infusion of malt.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of any kind.

Note: This word is now chiefly used in combination, as in colewort,
figwort, St. John's-wort, woundwort, etc.

2. pl.

Defn: Cabbages.

WORT
Wort, n. Etym: [OE. worte, wurte, AS. wyrte; akin to OD. wort, G.
würze, bierwürze, Icel. virtr, Sw. vört. See Wort an herb.]

Defn: An infusion of malt which is unfermented, or is in the act of
fermentation; the sweet infusion of malt, which ferments and forms
beer; hence, any similar liquid in a state of incipient fermentation.

Note: Wort consists essentially of a dilute solution of sugar, which
by fermentation produces alcohol and carbon dioxide.

WORTH
Worth, v. i. Etym: [OE. worthen, wurÞen, to become, AS. weorthan;
akin to OS. werthan, D. worden, G. werden, OHG. werdan, Icel. vertha,
Sw. varda, Goth. waírpan, L. vertere to turn, Skr. vrt, v. i., to
turn, to roll, to become. *143. Cf. Verse, -ward, Weird.]

Defn: To be; to become; to betide; -- now used only in the phrases,
woe worth the day, woe worth the man, etc., in which the verb is in
the imperative, and the nouns day, man, etc., are in the dative. Woe
be to the day, woe be to the man, etc., are equivalent phrases.
I counsel . . . to let the cat worthe. Piers Plowman.
He worth upon [got upon] his steed gray. Chaucer.

WORTH
Worth, a. Etym: [OE. worth, wurÞ, AS. weorth, wurE; akin to OFries.
werth, OS. werth, D. waard, OHG. werd, G. wert, werth, Icel. verthr,
Sw. värd, Dan. værd, Goth. waírps, and perhaps to E. wary. Cf.
Stalwart, Ware an article of merchandise, Worship.]

1. Valuable; of worthy; estimable; also, worth while. [Obs.]
It was not worth to make it wise. Chaucer.

2. Equal in value to; furnishing an equivalent for; proper to be
exchanged for.
A ring he hath of mine worth forty ducats. Shak.
All our doings without charity are nothing worth. Bk. of Com. Prayer.
If your arguments produce no conviction, they are worth nothing to
me. Beattie.

3. Deserving of; -- in a good or bad sense, but chiefly in a good
sense.
To reign is worth ambition, though in hell. Milton.
This is life indeed, life worth preserving. Addison.

4. Having possessions equal to; having wealth or estate to the value
of.
At Geneva are merchants reckoned worth twenty hundred crowns.
Addison.
Worth while, or Worth the while. See under While, n.

WORTH
Worth, n. Etym: [OE. worth, wurÞ, AS. weorth, wurth; weorth, wurth,
adj. See Worth, a.]

1. That quality of a thing which renders it valuable or useful; sum
of valuable qualities which render anything useful and sought; value;
hence, often, value as expressed in a standard, as money; equivalent
in exchange; price.
What 's worth in anything But so much money as 't will bring
Hudibras.

2. Value in respect of moral or personal qualities; excellence;
virtue; eminence; desert; merit; usefulness; as, a man or magistrate
of great worth.
To be of worth, and worthy estimation. Shak.
As none but she, who in that court did dwell, Could know such worth,
or worth describe so well. Waller.
To think how modest worth neglected lies. Shenstone.

Syn.
 -- Desert; merit; excellence; price; rate.

WORTHFUL
Worth"ful, a.

Defn: Full of worth; worthy; deserving. Marston.

WORTHILY
Wor"thi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a worthy manner; excellently; deservedly; according to
merit; justly; suitably; becomingly.
You worthily succeed not only to the honors of your ancestors, but
also to their virtues. Dryden.
Some may very worthily deserve to be hated. South.

WORTHINESS
Wor"thi*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being worthy; desert; merit;
excellence; dignity; virtue; worth.
Who is sure he hath a soul, unless It see, and judge, and follow
worthiness Donne.
She is not worthy to be loved that hath not some feeling of her own
worthiness. Sir P. Sidney.
The prayers which our Savior made were for his own worthiness
accepted. Hooker.

WORTHLESS
Worth"less, a. Etym: [AS. weorthleás.]

Defn: Destitute of worth; having no value, virtue, excellence,
dignity, or the like; undeserving; valueless; useless; vile; mean;
as, a worthless garment; a worthless ship; a worthless man or woman;
a worthless magistrate.
'T is a worthless world to win or lose. Byron.
-- Worth"less*ly, adv.
 -- Worth"less*ness, n.

WORTHWHILE
worthwhile, adj.

Defn: Worth the time or effort spent. See worth while. worthy.
 -- worthwhileness.

WORTHY
Wor"thy, a. [Compar. Worthier (; superl. Worthiest.] Etym: [OE.
worthi, wurÞi, from worth, wurÞ, n.; cf. Icel. verthugr, D. waardig,
G. würdig, OHG. wirdig. See Worth, n.]

1. Having worth or excellence; possessing merit; valuable; deserving;
estimable; excellent; virtuous.
Full worthy was he in his lordes war. Chaucer.
These banished men that I have kept withal Are men endued with worthy
qualities. Shak.
Happier thou mayst be, worthier canst not be. Milton.
This worthy mind should worthy things embrace. Sir J. Davies.

2. Having suitable, adapted, or equivalent qualities or value; --
usually with of before the thing compared or the object; more rarely,
with a following infinitive instead of of, or with that; as, worthy
of, equal in excellence, value, or dignity to; entitled to; meriting;
-- usually in a good sense, but sometimes in a bad one.
No, Warwick, thou art worthy of the sway. Shak.
The merciless Macdonwald, Worthy to be a rebel. Shak.
Whose shoes I am not worthy to bear. Matt. iii. 11.
And thou art worthy that thou shouldst not know More happiness.
Milton.
The lodging is well worthy of the guest. Dryden.

3. Of high station; of high social position. [Obs.]
Worthy women of the town. Chaucer.
Worthiest of blood (Eng. Law of Descent), most worthy of those of the
same blood to succeed or inherit; -- applied to males, and expressive
of the preference given them over females. Burrill.

WORTHY
Wor"thy, n.; pl. Worthies (.

Defn: A man of eminent worth or value; one distinguished for useful
and estimable qualities; a person of conspicuous desert; -- much used
in the plural; as, the worthies of the church; political worthies;
military worthies.
The blood of ancient worthies in his veins. Cowper.

WORTHY
Wor"thy, v. t.

Defn: To render worthy; to exalt into a hero. [Obs.] Shak.

WOST
Wost,

Defn: 2d pers. sing. pres. of Wit, to know. [Obs.] Spenser.

WOT
Wot,

Defn: 1st & 3d pers. sing. pres. of Wit, to know. See the Note under
Wit, v. [Obs.]
Brethren, I wot that through ignorance ye did it. Acts iii. 17.

WOTEST; WOTTEST
Wot"est, Wot"test,

Defn: 2d pers. sing. pres. of Wit, to know. [Obs.]

WOTETH; WOTTETH
Wot"eth, Wot"teth,

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Wit, to know. [Obs.] "He wotteth
neither what he babbleth, nor what he meaneth." Tyndale.

WOUL
Woul, v. i.

Defn: To howl. [Obs.] Wyclif.

WOULD
Would, imp. of Will. Etym: [OE. & AS. wolde. See Will, v. t.]

Defn: Commonly used as an auxiliary verb, either in the past tense or
in the conditional or optative present. See 2d & 3d Will.

Note: Would was formerly used also as the past participle of Will.
Right as our Lord hath would. Chaucer.

WOULD
Would, n.

Defn: See 2d Weld.

WOULD-BE
Would"-be

Defn: ' (as, a would-be poet.

WOULDING
Would"ing, n.

Defn: Emotion of desire; inclination; velleity. [Obs.] Hammond.

WOULDINGNESS
Would"ing*ness, n.

Defn: Willingness; desire. [Obs.]

WOULFE BOTTLE
Woulfe" bot`tle, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A kind of wash bottle with two or three necks; -- so called
after the inventor, Peter Woulfe, an English chemist.

WOUND
Wound,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Wind to twist, and Wind to sound by blowing.

WOUND
Wound, n. Etym: [OE. wounde, wunde, AS. wund; akin to OFries. wunde,
OS. wunda, D. wonde, OHG. wunta, G. wunde, Icel. und, and to AS.,
OS., & G. wund sore, wounded, OHG. wunt, Goth. wunds, and perhaps
also to Goth. winnan to suffer, E. win. *140. Cf. Zounds.]

1. A hurt or injury caused by violence; specifically, a breach of the
skin and flesh of an animal, or in the substance of any creature or
living thing; a cut, stab, rent, or the like. Chaucer.
Showers of blood Rained from the wounds of slaughtered Englishmen.
Shak.

2. Fig.: An injury, hurt, damage, detriment, or the like, to feeling,
faculty, reputation, etc.

3. (Criminal Law)

Defn: An injury to the person by which the skin is divided, or its
continuity broken; a lesion of the body, involving some solution of
continuity.

Note: Walker condemns the pronunciation woond as a "capricious
novelty." It is certainly opposed to an important principle of our
language, namely, that the Old English long sound written ou, and
pronounced like French ou or modern English oo, has regularly
changed, when accented, into the diphthongal sound usually written
with the same letters ou in modern English, as in ground, hound,
round, sound. The use of ou in Old English to represent the sound of
modern English oo was borrowed from the French, and replaced the
older and Anglo-Saxon spelling with u. It makes no difference whether
the word was taken from the French or not, provided it is old enough
in English to have suffered this change to what is now the common
sound of ou; but words taken from the French at a later time, or
influenced by French, may have the French sound. Wound gall (Zoöl.),
an elongated swollen or tuberous gall on the branches of the
grapevine, caused by a small reddish brown weevil (Ampeloglypter
sesostris) whose larvæ inhabit the galls.

WOUND
Wound, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Wounding.] Etym:
[AS. wundian. *140. See Wound, n.]

1. To hurt by violence; to produce a breach, or separation of parts,
in, as by a cut, stab, blow, or the like.
The archers hit him; and he was sore wounded of the archers. 1 Sam.
xxxi. 3.

2. To hurt the feelings of; to pain by disrespect, ingratitude, or
the like; to cause injury to.
When ye sin so against the brethren, and wound their weak conscience,
ye sin against Christ. 1 Cor. viii. 12.

WOUNDABLE
Wound"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being wounded; vulnerable. [R.] Fuller.

WOUNDER
Wound"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, wounds.

WOUNDILY
Wound"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a woundy manner; excessively; woundy. [Obs.]

WOUNDLESS
Wound"less, a.

Defn: Free from wound or hurt; exempt from being wounded;
invulnerable. "Knights whose woundless armor rusts." Spenser.
[Slander] may miss our name, And hit the woundless air. Shak.

WOUNDWORT
Wound"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of certain plants whose soft, downy leaves have been
used for dressing wounds, as the kidney vetch, and several species of
the labiate genus Stachys.

WOUNDY
Wound"y, a.

Defn: Excessive. [Obs.]
Such a world of holidays, that 't a woundy hindrance to a poor man
that lives by his labor. L'Estrange.

WOUNDY
Wound"y, adv.

Defn: Excessively; extremely. [Obs.]
A am woundy cold. Ford.

WOURALI
Wou"ra*li, n.

Defn: Same as Curare.

WOU-WOU
Wou"-wou`, n. Etym: [So called from its cry.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The agile, or silvery, gibbon; -- called also camper. See
Gibbon. [Written also wow-wow.]

WOVE
Wove,

Defn: p. pr. & rare vb. n. of Weave.

WOVEN
Wov"en,

Defn: p. p. of Weave. Woven paper, or Wove paper, writing paper
having an even, uniform surface, without watermarks.

WOWE
Wowe, v. t. & i.

Defn: To woo. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WOWF
Wowf, a.

Defn: Disordered or unsettled in intellect; deranged. [Scot.] Sir W.
Scott.

WOWKE
Wowke, n.

Defn: Week. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WOW-WOW
Wow"-wow", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wou-wou.

WOX
Wox, obs.

Defn: imp. of Wax. Gower.

WOXEN
Wox"en, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Wax. Chaucer.

WRACK
Wrack, n.

Defn: A thin, flying cloud; a rack.

WRACK
Wrack, v. t.

Defn: To rack; to torment. [R.]

WRACK
Wrack, n. Etym: [OE. wrak wreck. See Wreck.]

1. Wreck; ruin; destruction. [Obs.] Chaucer. "A world devote to
universal wrack." Milton.
wrack and ruin

2. Any marine vegetation cast up on the shore, especially plants of
the genera Fucus, Laminaria, and Zostera, which are most abundant on
northern shores.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Coarse seaweed of any kind. Wrack grass, or Grass wrack (Bot.),
eelgrass.

WRACK
Wrack, v. t.

Defn: To wreck. [Obs.] Dryden.

WRACKFUL
Wrack"ful, a.

Defn: Ruinous; destructive. [Obs.]

WRAIN-BOLT
Wrain"-bolt`, n.

Defn: Same as Wringbolt.

WRAITH
Wraith, n. Etym: [Scot. wraith, warth; probably originally, a
guardian angel, from Icel. vörthr a warden, guardian, akin to E.
ward. See Ward a guard.]

1. An apparition of a person in his exact likeness, seen before
death, or a little after; hence, an apparition; a specter; a vision;
an unreal image. [Scot.]
She was uncertain if it were the gypsy or her wraith. Sir W. Scott.
O, hollow wraith of dying fame. Tennyson.

2. Sometimes, improperly, a spirit thought to preside over the
waters; -- called also water wraith. M. G. Lewis.

WRANGLE
Wran"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wrangled; p. pr. & vb. n. Wrangling.]
Etym: [OE. wranglen to wrestle. See Wrong, Wring.]

1. To argue; to debate; to dispute. [Obs.]

2. To dispute angrily; to quarrel peevishly and noisily; to brawl; to
altercate. "In spite of occasional wranglings." Macaulay.
For a score of kingdoms you should wrangle. Shak.
He did not know what it was to wrangle on indifferent points.
Addison.

WRANGLE
Wran"gle, v. t.

Defn: To involve in a quarrel or dispute; to embroil. [R.] Bp.
Sanderson.

WRANGLE
Wran"gle, n.

Defn: An angry dispute; a noisy quarrel; a squabble; an altercation.

Syn.
 -- Altercation; bickering; brawl; jar; jangle; contest; controversy.
See Altercation.

WRANGLER
Wran"gler, n.

1. An angry disputant; one who disputes with heat or peevishness.
"Noisy and contentious wranglers." I. Watts.

2. One of those who stand in the first rank of honors in the
University of Cambridge, England. They are called, according to their
rank, senior wrangler, second wrangler, third wrangler, etc. Cf.
Optime.

WRANGLERSHIP
Wran"gler*ship, n.

Defn: The honor or position of being a wrangler at the University of
Cambridge, England.

WRANGLESOME
Wran"gle*some, a.

Defn: Contentious; quarrelsome. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

WRANNOCK; WRANNY
Wran"nock, Wran"ny, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common wren. [Prov. Eng.]

WRAP
Wrap, v. t. Etym: [A corrupt spelling of rap.]

Defn: To snatch up; transport; -- chiefly used in the p. p. wrapt.
Lo! where the stripling, wrapt in wonder, roves. Beattie.

WRAP
Wrap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wrapped or Wrapt; p. pr. & vb. n.
Wrapping.] Etym: [OE. wrappen, probably akin to E. warp. *144. Cf.
Warp.]

1. To wind or fold together; to arrange in folds.
Then cometh Simon Peter, . . . and seeth . . . the napkin that was
about his head, not lying with the linen clothes, but wrapped
together in a place by itself. John xx. 6, 7.
Like one that wraps the drapery of his couch About him, and lies down
to pleasant dreams. Bryant.

2. To cover by winding or folding; to envelop completely; to involve;
to infold; -- often with up.
I . . . wrapt in mist Of midnight vapor, glide obscure. Milton.

3. To conceal by enveloping or infolding; to hide; hence, to involve,
as an effect or consequence; to be followed by.
Wise poets that wrap truth in tales. Carew.
To be wrapped up in, to be wholly engrossed in; to be entirely
dependent on; to be covered with.
Leontine's young wife, in whom all his happiness was wrapped up, died
in a few days after the death of her daughter. Addison.
Things reflected on in gross and transiently . . . are thought to be
wrapped up in impenetrable obscurity. Locke.

WRAP
Wrap, n.

Defn: A wrapper; -- often used in the plural for blankets, furs,
shawls, etc., used in riding or traveling.

WRAPPAGE
Wrap"page (; 48), n.

1. The act of wrapping.

2. That which wraps; envelope; covering.

WRAPPER
Wrap"per, n.

1. One who, or that which, wraps.

2. That in which anything is wrapped, or inclosed; envelope;
covering.

3. Specifically, a loose outer garment; an article of dress intended
to be wrapped round the person; as, a morning wrapper; a gentleman's
wrapper.

WRAPRASCAL
Wrap"ras`cal, n.

Defn: A kind of coarse upper coat, or overcoat, formerly worn.

WRASSE
Wrasse, n. Etym: [W. gwrachen.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous edible, marine, spiny-finned fishes of the
genus Labrus, of which several species are found in the Mediterranean
and on the Atlantic coast of Europe. Many of the species are bright-
colored.

Note: Among the European species are the ballan wrasse (Labrus
maculatus), the streaked wrasse (L. lineatus), the red wrasse (L.
mixtus), the comber wrasse (L. comber), the blue-striped, or cook,
wrasse (see Peacock fish, under Peacock), the rainbow wrasse (L.
vulgaris), and the seawife.

WRASTLE
Wras"tle, v. i. Etym: [OE. wrastlen. See Wrestle.]

Defn: To wrestle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]
Who wrastleth best naked, with oil enoint. Chaucer.

WRATH
Wrath, n. Etym: [OE. wrathe, wraÞ\'ede, wrethe, wræ\'ebthe, AS.
wræ\'ebtho, fr. wra\'eb wroth; akin to Icel. reithi wrath. See Wroth,
a.]

1. Violent anger; vehement exasperation; indignation; rage; fury;
ire.
Wrath is a fire, and jealousy a weed. Spenser.
When the wrath of king Ahasuerus was appeased. Esther ii. 1.
Now smoking and frothing Its tumult and wrath in. Southey.

2. The effects of anger or indignation; the just punishment of an
offense or a crime. "A revenger to execute wrath upon him that doeth
evil." Rom. xiii. 4.

Syn.
 -- Anger; fury; rage; ire; vengeance; indignation; resentment;
passion. See Anger.

WRATH
Wrath, a.

Defn: See Wroth. [Obs.]

WRATH
Wrath, v. t.

Defn: To anger; to enrage; -- also used impersonally. [Obs.] "I will
not wrathen him." Chaucer.
If him wratheth, be ywar and his way shun. Piers Plowman.

WRATHFUL
Wrath"ful, a.

1. Full of wrath; very angry; greatly incensed; ireful; passionate;
as, a wrathful man.

2. Springing from, or expressing, wrath; as, a wrathful countenance.
"Wrathful passions." Sprat.

Syn.
 -- Furious; raging; indignant; resentful.
 -- Wrath"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Wrath"ful*ness, n.

WRATHILY
Wrath"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a wrathy manner; very angrily; wrathfully. [Colloq.]

WRATHLESS
Wrath"less, a.

Defn: Free from anger or wrath. Waller.

WRATHY
Wrath"y, a.

Defn: Very angry. [Colloq.]

WRAW
Wraw, a. Etym: [Cf. dial. Sw. vrå willful, disobedient.]

Defn: Angry; vexed; wrathful. [Obs.]
With this speech the cock wex wroth and wraw. Chaucer.

WRAWFUL
Wraw"ful, a.

Defn: Ill-tempered. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WRAWL
Wrawl, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Dan. vraale, Sw. vråla to brawl, to roar,
Dan. vraal a bawling, roaring, vræle to cry, weep, whine.]

Defn: To cry, as a cat; to waul. [Obs.] Spenser.

WRAWNESS
Wraw"ness, n.

Defn: Peevishness; ill temper; anger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WRAY
Wray, v. t. Etym: [AS. wr to accuse. See Bewray.]

Defn: To reveal; to disclose. [Obs.]
To no wight thou shalt this counsel wray. Chaucer.

WREAK
Wreak, v. i.

Defn: To reck; to care. [Obs.] Shak.

WREAK
Wreak, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wreaked; p. pr. & vb. n. Wreaking.] Etym:
[OE. wrek to revenge, punish, drive out, AS. wrecan; akin to OFries.
wreka, OS. wrekan to punish, D. wreken to avenge, G. rächen, OHG.
rehhan, Icel. reka to drive, to take vengeance, Goth. wrikan to
persecute, Lith. vargas distress, vargti to suffer distress, L.
urgere to drive, urge, Gr. Urge, Wreck, Wretch.]

1. To revenge; to avenge. [Archaic]
He should wreake him on his foes. Chaucer.
Another's wrongs to wreak upon thyself. Spenser.
Come wreak his loss, whom bootless ye complain. Fairfax.

2. To execute in vengeance or passion; to inflict; to hurl or drive;
as, to wreak vengeance on an enemy.
On me let Death wreak all his rage. Milton.
Now was the time to be avenged on his old enemy, to wreak a grudge of
seventeen years. Macaulay.
But gather all thy powers, And wreak them on the verse that thou dost
weave. Bryant.

WREAK
Wreak, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. wræc exile, persecution, misery. See Wreak,
v. t.]

Defn: Revenge; vengeance; furious passion; resentment. [Obs.] Shak.
Spenser.

WREAKEN
Wreak"en, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Wreak. Chaucer.

WREAKER
Wreak"er, n. Etym: [See Wreak.]

Defn: Avenger. [Obs.]
The stork, the wrekere of avouterye [adultery]. Chaucer.

WREAKFUL
Wreak"ful, a.

Defn: Revengeful; angry; furious. [Obs.] -- Wreak"ful*ly, adv. [Obs.]

WREAKLESS
Wreak"less, a.

Defn: Unrevengeful; weak. [Obs.]

WREATH
Wreath, n.; pl. Wreaths. Etym: [OE. wrethe, AS. wræedh a twisted
band, fr. wriedhan to twist. See Writhe.]

1. Something twisted, intertwined, or curled; as, a wreath of smoke;
a wreath of flowers. "A wrethe of gold." Chaucer.
[He] of his tortuous train Curled many a wanton wreath. Milton.

2. A garland; a chaplet, esp. one given to a victor.
Conquest doth grant He dear wreath to the Grecian combatant. Chapman.
Far back in the ages, The plow with wreaths was crowned. Bryant.

3. (Her.)

Defn: An appendage to the shield, placed above it, and supporting the
crest (see Illust. of Crest). It generally represents a twist of two
cords of silk, one tinctured like the principal metal, the other like
the principal color in the arms.

WREATHE
Wreathe, v. t. [imp. Wreathed; p. p. Wreathed; Archaic Wreathen; p.
pr. & vb. n. Wreathing.] Etym: [See Wreath, n.] [Written also
wreath.]

1. To cause to revolve or writhe; to twist about; to turn. [Obs.]
And from so heavy sight his head did wreathe. Spenser.

2. To twist; to convolve; to wind one about another; to entwine.
The nods and smiles of recognition into which this singular
physiognomy was wreathed. Sir W. Scott.
From his slack hand the garland wreathed for Eve Down dropped.
Milton.

3. To surround with anything twisted or convolved; to encircle; to
infold.
Each wreathed in the other's arms. Shak.
Dusk faces with withe silken turbants wreathed. Milton.
And with thy winding ivy wreathes her lance. Dryden.

4. To twine or twist about; to surround; to encircle.
In the flowers that wreathe the sparkling bowl, Fell adders hiss.
Prior.

WREATHE
Wreathe, v. i.

Defn: To be intewoven or entwined; to twine together; as, a bower of
wreathing trees. Dryden.

WREATHEN
Wreath"en, a.

Defn: Twisted; made into a wreath. "Wreathen work of pure gold." Ex.
xxviii. 22.

WREATHLESS
Wreath"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a wreath.

WREATH-SHELL
Wreath"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine shell of the genus Turbo. See Turbo.

WREATHY
Wreath"y, a.

Defn: Wreathed; twisted; curled; spiral; also, full of wreaths.
"Wreathy spires, and cochleary turnings about." Sir T. Browne.

WRECCHE
Wrec"che, n.

Defn: A wretch. [Obs.]

WRECCHE
Wrec"che, a.

Defn: Wretched. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WRECHE
Wreche, n.

Defn: Wreak. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WRECK
Wreck, v. t. & n.

Defn: See 2d & 3d Wreak.

WRECK
Wreck, n. Etym: [OE. wrak, AS. wræc exile, persecution, misery, from
wrecan to drive out, punish; akin to D. wrak, adj., damaged, brittle,
n., a wreck, wraken to reject, throw off, Icel. rek a thing drifted
ashore, Sw. vrak refuse, a wreck, Dan. vrag. See Wreak, v. t., and
cf. Wrack a marine plant.] [Written also wrack.]

1. The destruction or injury of a vessel by being cast on shore, or
on rocks, or by being disabled or sunk by the force of winds or
waves; shipwreck.
Hard and obstinate As is a rock amidst the raging floods, 'Gainst
which a ship, of succor desolate, Doth suffer wreck, both of herself
and goods. Spenser.

2. Destruction or injury of anything, especially by violence; ruin;
as, the wreck of a railroad train.
The wreck of matter and the crush of worlds. Addison.
Its intellectual life was thus able to go on amidst the wreck of its
political life. J. R. Green.

3. The ruins of a ship stranded; a ship dashed against rocks or land,
and broken, or otherwise rendered useless, by violence and fracture;
as, they burned the wreck.

4. The remain of anything ruined or fatally injured.
To the fair haven of my native home, The wreck of what I was,
fatigued I come. Cowper.

5. (Law)

Defn: Goods, etc., which, after a shipwreck, are cast upon the land
by the sea. Bouvier.

WRECK
Wreck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wrecked; p. pr. & vb. n. Wrecking.]

1. To destroy, disable, or seriously damage, as a vessel, by driving
it against the shore or on rocks, by causing it to become
unseaworthy, to founder, or the like; to shipwreck.
Supposing that they saw the king's ship wrecked. Shak.

2. To bring wreck or ruin upon by any kind of violence; to destroy,
as a railroad train.

3. To involve in a wreck; hence, to cause to suffer ruin; to balk of
success, and bring disaster on.
Weak and envied, if they should conspire, They wreck themselves.
Daniel.

WRECK
Wreck, v. i.

1. To suffer wreck or ruin. Milton.

2. To work upon a wreck, as in saving property or lives, or in
plundering.

WRECKAGE
Wreck"age (; 48), n.

1. The act of wrecking, or state of being wrecked.

2. That which has been wrecked; remains of a wreck.

WRECKER
Wreck"er, n.

1. One who causes a wreck, as by false lights, and the like.

2. One who searches fro, or works upon, the wrecks of vessels, etc.
Specifically: (a) One who visits a wreck for the purpose of plunder.
(b) One who is employed in saving property or lives from a wrecked
vessel, or in saving the vessel; as, the wreckers of Key West.

3. A vessel employed by wreckers.

WRECKFISH
Wreck"fish`, n. Etym: [So called because it often comes in with
wreckage.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stone bass.

WRECKFUL
Wreck"ful, a.

Defn: Causing wreck; involving ruin; destructive. "By wreckful wind."
Spenser.

WRECKING
Wreck"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Wreck, v. Wrecking car (Railway), a car fitted up
with apparatus and implements for removing the wreck occasioned by an
accident, as by a collision.
 -- Wrecking pump, a pump especially adapted for pumping water from
the hull of a wrecked vessel.

WRECK-MASTER
Wreck"-mas`ter, n.

Defn: A person appointed by law to take charge of goods, etc., thrown
on shore after a shipwreck.

WREKE; WREEKE
Wreke, Wreeke, v. t.

Defn: See 2d Wreak. [Obs.]

WREN
Wren, n. Etym: [OE. wrenne, AS. wrenna, wrænna, perhaps akin to wr
lascivious.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small singing birds belonging to
Troglodytes and numerous allied of the family Troglodytidæ.

Note: Among the species best known are the house wren (Troglodytes
aëdon) common in both Europe and America, and the American winter
wren (T. hiemalis). See also Cactus wren, Marsh wren, and Rock wren,
under Cactus, Marsh, and Rock.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small singing birds more or less
resembling the true wrens in size and habits.

Note: Among these are several species of European warblers; as, the
reed wren (see Reed warbler (a), under Reed), the sedge wren (see
Sedge warbler, under Sedge), the willow wren (see Willow warbler,
under Willow), the golden-crested wren, and the ruby-crowned wren
(see Kinglet). Ant wren, any one of numerous South American birds of
the family Formicaridæ, allied to the ant thrushes.
 -- Blue wren, a small Australian singing bird (Malurus cyaneus), the
male of which in the breeding season is bright blue. Called also
superb warbler.
 -- Emu wren. See in the Vocabulary.
 -- Wren babbler, any one of numerous species of small timaline birds
belonging to Alcippe, Stachyris, Timalia, and several allied genera.
These birds are common in Southern Asia and the East Indies.
 -- Wren tit. See Ground wren, under Ground.
 -- Wren warbler, any one of several species of small Asiatic and
African singing birds belonging to Prinia and allied genera. These
birds are closely allied to the tailor birds, and build their nests
in a similar manner. See also Pincpinc.

WRENCH
Wrench, n. Etym: [OE. wrench deceit, AS. wrenc deceit, a twisting;
akin to G. rank intrigue, crookedness, renken to bend, twist, and E.
wring. Wring, and cf. Ranch, v. t.]

1. Trick; deceit; fraud; stratagem. [Obs.]
His wily wrenches thou ne mayst not flee. Chaucer.

2. A violent twist, or a pull with twisting.
He wringeth them such a wrench. Skelton.
The injurious effect upon biographic literature of all such wrenches
to the truth, is diffused everywhere. De Quincey.

3. A sprain; an injury by twisting, as in a joint.

4. Means; contrivance. [Obs.] Bacon.

5. An instrument, often a simple bar or lever with jaws or an angular
orifice either at the end or between the ends, for exerting a
twisting strain, as in turning bolts, nuts, screw taps, etc.; a screw
key. Many wrenches have adjustable jaws for grasping nuts, etc., of
different sizes.

6. (Mech.)

Defn: The system made up of a force and a couple of forces in a plane
perpendicular to that force. Any number of forces acting at any
points upon a rigid body may be compounded so as to be equivalent to
a wrench. Carriage wrench, a wrench adapted for removing or
tightening the nuts that confine the wheels on the axles, or for
turning the other nuts or bolts of a carriage or wagon.
 -- Monkey wrench. See under Monkey.
 -- Wrench hammer, a wrench with the end shaped so as to admit of
being used as a hammer.

WRENCH
Wrench, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wrenched; p. pr. & vb. n. Wrenching.]
Etym: [OE. wrenchen, AS. wrencan to deceive, properly, to twist, from
wrenc guile, deceit, a twisting. Wrench, n.]

1. To pull with a twist; to wrest, twist, or force by violence.
Wrench his sword from him. Shak.
Forthwith this frame of mine was wrenched With a woeful agony.
Coleridge.

2. To strain; to sprain; hence, to distort; to pervert.
You wrenched your foot against a stone. Swift.

WREST
Wrest, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wrested; p. pr. & vb. n. Wresting.] Etym:
[OE. wresten, AS. wr; akin to wr a twisted band, and wri to twist.
See Writhe.]

1. To turn; to twist; esp., to twist or extort by violence; to pull
of force away by, or as if by, violent wringing or twisting. "The
secret wrested from me." Milton.
Our country's cause, That drew our swords, now secret wrests them
from our hand. Addison.
They instantly wrested the government out of the hands of Hastings.
Macaulay.

2. To turn from truth; to twist from its natural or proper use or
meaning by violence; to pervert; to distort.
Wrest once the law to your authority. Shak.
Thou shalt not wrest the judgment of thy poor. Ex. xxiii. 6.
Their arts of wresting, corrupting, and false interpreting the holy
text. South.

3. To tune with a wrest, or key. [Obs.]

WREST
Wrest, n.

1. The act of wresting; a wrench; a violent twist; hence, distortion;
perversion. Hooker.

2. Active or moving power. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. A key to tune a stringed instrument of music.
The minstrel . . . wore round his neck a silver chain, by which hung
the wrest, or key, with which he tuned his harp. Sir W. Scott.

4. A partition in a water wheel, by which the form of the buckets is
determined. Wrest pin (Piano Manuf.), one of the pins around which
the ends of the wires are wound in a piano. Knight.
 -- Wrest plank (Piano Manuf.), the part in which the wrest pins are
inserted.

WRESTER
Wrest"er, n.

Defn: One who wrests.

WRESTLE
Wres"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wrestled; p. pr. & vb. n. Wrestling.]
Etym: [OE. wrestlen, wrastlen, AS. wr, freq. of wr to wrest; akin to
OD. wrastelen to wrestle. See Wrest, v. t.]

1. To contend, by grappling with, and striving to trip or throw down,
an opponent; as, they wrestled skillfully.
To-morrow, sir, I wrestle for my credit, and he that escapes me
without some broken limb shall acquit him well. Shak.
Another, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from
the sternum. Wiseman.

2. Hence, to struggle; to strive earnestly; to contend.
Come, wrestle with thy affections. Shak.
We wrestle not against flesh and blood. Eph. vi. 12.
Difficulties with which he had himself wrestled. M. Arnold.

WRESTLE
Wres"tle, v. t.

Defn: To wrestle with; to seek to throw down as in wrestling.

WRESTLE
Wres"tle, n.

Defn: A struggle between two persons to see which will throw the
other down; a bout at wrestling; a wrestling match; a struggle.
Whom in a wrestle the giant catching aloft, with a terrible hug broke
three of his ribs. Milton.

WRESTLER
Wres"tler, n. Etym: [AS. wræstlere.]

Defn: One who wrestles; one who is skillful in wrestling.

WRESTLING
Wres"tling, n.

Defn: Act of one who wrestles; specif., the sport consisting of the
hand-to-hand combat between two unarmed contestants who seek to throw
each other. The various styles of wrestling differ in their
definition of a fall and in the governing rules. In Greco-Roman
wrestling, tripping and taking hold of the legs are forbidden, and a
fall is gained (that is, the bout is won), by the contestant who pins
both his opponent's shoulders to the ground. In catch-as-catch-can
wrestling, all holds are permitted except such as may be barred by
mutual consent, and a fall is defined as in Greco-Roman style.
Lancashire style wrestling is essentially the same as catch-as-catch-
can. In Cumberland and Westmorland wrestling the contestants stand
chest to chest, grasping each other around the body. The one first
losing his hold, or touching the ground with any part of his body
except his feet, loses the bout. If both fall to the ground at the
same time, it is a dogfall, and must be wrestled over. In the
Cornwall and Devon wrestling, the wrestlers complete in strong loose
linen jackets, catching hold of the jacket, or anywhere above the
waist. Two shoulders and one hip, or two hips and one shoulder, must
touch the ground to constitute a fall, and if a man is thrown
otherwise than on his back the contestants get upon their feet and
the bout recommences.

WRETCH
Wretch, n. Etym: [OE. wrecche, AS. wrecca, wræcca, an exile, a
wretch, fr. wrecan to drive out, punish; properly, an exile, one
driven out, akin to AS. wræc an exile, OS. wrekkio a stranger, OHG.
reccheo an exile. See Wreak, v. t.]

1. A miserable person; one profoundly unhappy. "The wretch that lies
in woe." Shak.
Hovered thy spirit o'er thy sorrowing son, Wretch even then, life's
journey just begun Cowper.

2. One sunk in vice or degradation; a base, despicable person; a vile
knave; as, a profligate wretch.

Note: Wretch is sometimes used by way of slight or ironical pity or
contempt, and sometimes to express tenderness; as we say, poor thing.
"Poor wretch was never frighted so." Drayton.

WRETCHED
Wretch"ed, a.

1. Very miserable; sunk in, or accompanied by, deep affliction or
distress, as from want, anxiety, or grief; calamitous; woeful; very
afflicting. "To what wretched state reserved!" Milton.
O cruel! Death! to those you are more kind Than to the wretched
mortals left behind. Waller.
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore . . .

2. Worthless; paltry; very poor or mean; miserable; as, a wretched
poem; a wretched cabin.

3. Hatefully contemptible; despicable; wicked. [Obs.] "Wretched
ungratefulness." Sir P. Sidney.
Nero reigned after this Claudius, of all men wretchedest, ready to
all manner [of] vices. Capgrave.

WRETCHEDLY
Wretch"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a wretched manner; miserably; despicable.

WRETCHEDNESS
Wretch"ed*ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being wretched; utter misery. Sir W.
Raleigh.

2. A wretched object; anything despicably. [Obs.]
Eat worms and such wretchedness. Chaucer.

WRETCHFUL
Wretch"ful, a.

Defn: Wretched. [Obs.] Wyclif.

WRETCHLESS
Wretch"less, a. Etym: [See Reckless.]

Defn: Reckless; hence, disregarded. [Obs.] -- Wretch"less*ly, adv.
[Obs.] -- Wretch"less*ness, n. [Obs.] Bk. of Com. Prayer.
Your deaf ears should listen Unto the wretchless clamors of the poor.
J. Webster.

WREY
Wrey, v. t.

Defn: See Wray. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WRIE
Wrie, a. & v.

Defn: See Wry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WRIG
Wrig, v. i.

Defn: To wriggle. [Obs.] Skelton.

WRIGGLE
Wrig"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wriggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Wriggling.]
Etym: [Freq. of wrig, probably from OE. wrikken to move to and fro;
cf. LG. wriggeln, D. wrikken, Sw. vricka, Dan. vrikke.]

Defn: To move the body to and fro with short, writhing motions, like
a worm; to squirm; to twist uneasily or quickly about.
Both he and successors would often wriggle in their seats, as long as
the cushion lasted. Swift.

WRIGGLE
Wrig"gle, v. t.

Defn: To move with short, quick contortions; to move by twisting and
squirming; like a worm.
Covetousness will wriggle itself out at a small hole. Fuller.
Wriggling his body to recover His seat, and cast his right leg over.
Hudibras.

WRIGGLE
Wrig"gle, a.

Defn: Wriggling; frisky; pliant; flexible. [Obs.] "Their wriggle
tails." Spenser.

WRIGGLER
Wrig"gler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, wriggles. Cowper.

WRIGHT
Wright, n. Etym: [OE. wrighte, writhe, AS. wyrtha, fr. wyrcean to
work. sq. root145. See Work.]

Defn: One who is engaged in a mechanical or manufacturing business;
an artificer; a workman; a manufacturer; a mechanic; esp., a worker
in wood; -- now chiefly used in compounds, as in millwright,
wheelwright, etc.
He was a well good wright, a carpenter. Chaucer.

WRIGHTINE
Wright"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A rare alkaloid found in the bark of an East Indian
apocynaceous tree (Wrightia antidysenterica), and extracted as a
bitter white crystalline substance. It was formerly used as a remedy
for diarrhoea. Called also conessine, and neriine.

WRING
Wring, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wrung, Obs. Wringed (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Wringing.] Etym: [OE. wringen, AS. wringan; akin to LG. & D. wringen,
OHG. ringan to struggle, G. ringen, Sw. vränga to distort, Dan.
vringle to twist. Cf. Wrangle, Wrench, Wrong.]

1. To twist and compress; to turn and strain with violence; to
writhe; to squeeze hard; to pinch; as, to wring clothes in washing.
"Earnestly wringing Waverley's hand." Sir W. Scott. "Wring him by the
nose." Shak.
[His steed] so sweat that men might him wring. Chaucer.
The king began to find where his shoe did wring him. Bacon.
The priest shall bring it [a dove] unto the altar, and wring off his
head. Lev. i. 15.

2. Hence, to pain; to distress; to torment; to torture.
Too much grieved and wrung by an uneasy and strait fortune.
Clarendon.
Didst thou taste but half the griefs That wring my soul, thou couldst
not talk thus coldly. Addison.

3. To distort; to pervert; to wrest.
How dare men thus wring the Scriptures Whitgift.

4. To extract or obtain by twisting and compressing; to squeeze or
press (out); hence, to extort; to draw forth by violence, or against
resistance or repugnance; -- usually with out or form.
Your overkindness doth wring tears from me. Shak.
He rose up early on the morrow, and thrust the fleece together, and
wringed the dew out of the fleece. Judg. vi. 38.

5. To subject to extortion; to afflict, or oppress, in order to
enforce compliance.
To wring the widow from her 'customed right. Shak.
The merchant adventures have been often wronged and wringed to the
quick. Hayward.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: To bend or strain out of its position; as, to wring a mast.

WRING
Wring, v. i.

Defn: To writhe; to twist, as with anguish.
'T is all men's office to speak patience To those that wring under
the load of sorrow. Shak.
Look where the sister of the king of France Sits wringing of her
hands, and beats her breast. Marlowe.

WRING
Wring, n.

Defn: A writhing, as in anguish; a twisting; a griping. [Obs.] Bp.
Hall.

WRINGBOLT
Wring"bolt`, n. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A bolt used by shipwrights, to bend and secure the planks
against the timbers till they are fastened by bolts, spikes, or
treenails; -- not to be confounded with ringbolt.

WRINGER
Wring"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, wrings; hence, an extortioner.

2. A machine for pressing water out of anything, particularly from
clothes after they have been washed.

WRINGING
Wring"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Wring, v. Wringing machine, a wringer. See
Wringer, 2.

WRINGSTAFF
Wring"staff`, n.; pl. Wringstaves (. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A strong piece of plank used in applying wringbolts.

WRINKLE
Wrin"kle, n.

Defn: A winkle. [Local, U.S.]

WRINKLE
Wrin"kle, n. Etym: [OE. wrinkil, AS. wrincle; akin to OD. wrinckel,
and prob. to Dan. rynke, Sw. rynka, Icel. hrukka, OHG. runza, G.
runzel, L. ruga.

1. A small ridge, prominence, or furrow formed by the shrinking or
contraction of any smooth substance; a corrugation; a crease; a
slight fold; as, wrinkle in the skin; a wrinkle in cloth. "The
wrinkles in my brows." Shak.
Within I do not find wrinkles and used heart, but unspent youth.
Emerson.

2. hence, any roughness; unevenness.
Not the least wrinkle to deform the sky. Dryden.

3. Etym: [Perhaps a different word, and a dim. AS. wrenc a twisting,
deceit. Cf. Wrench, n.]

Defn: A notion or fancy; a whim; as, to have a new wrinkle. [Colloq.]

WRINKLE
Wrin"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wrinkled; p. pr. & vb. n. Wrinkling.]

1. To contract into furrows and prominences; to make a wrinkle or
wrinkles in; to corrugate; as, wrinkle the skin or the brow. "Sport
that wrinkled Care derides." Milton.
Her wrinkled form in black and white arrayed. Pope.

2. Hence, to make rough or uneven in any way.
A keen north wind that, blowing dry, Wrinkled the face of deluge, as
decayed. Milton.
Then danced we on the wrinkled sand. Bryant.
To wrinkle at, to sneer at. [Obs.] Marston.

WRINKLE
Wrin"kle, v. i.

Defn: To shrink into furrows and ridges.

WRINKLY
Wrin"kly, a.

Defn: Full of wrinkles; having a tendency to be wrinkled; corrugated;
puckered. G. Eliot.
His old wrinkly face grew quite blown out at last. Carlyle.

WRIST
Wrist, n. Etym: [OE. wriste, wrist, AS. wrist; akin to OFries.
wriust, LG. wrist, G. rist wrist, instep, Icel. rist instep, Dan. &
Sw. vrist, and perhaps to E. writhe.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The joint, or the region of the joint, between the hand and the
arm; the carpus. See Carpus.
He took me by the wrist, and held me hard. Shak.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A stud or pin which forms a journal; -- also called wrist pin.
Bridle wrist, the wrist of the left hand, in which a horseman holds
the bridle.
 -- Wrist clonus. Etym: [NL. clonus, fr. Gr. Clonic.] (Med.) A series
of quickly alternating movements of flexion and extension of the
wrist, produced in some cases of nervous disease by suddenly bending
the hand back upon the forearm.
 -- Wrist drop (Med.), paralysis of the extensor muscles of the hand,
affecting the hand so that when an attempt is made to hold it out in
line with the forearm with the palm down, the hand drops. It is
chiefly due to plumbism. Called also hand drop.
 -- Wrist plate (Steam Engine), a swinging plate bearing two or more
wrists, for operating the valves.

WRISTBAND
Wrist"band, n.

Defn: The band of the sleeve of a shirt, or other garment, which
covers the wrist.

WRISTER
Wrist"er, n.

Defn: A covering for the wrist.

WRISTLET
Wrist"let, n.

Defn: An elastic band worn around the wrist, as for the purpose of
securing the upper part of a glove.

WRIT
Writ, obs.

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Write, for writeth. Chaucer.

WRIT
Writ, archaic

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Write. Dryden.

WRIT
Writ, n. Etym: [AS. writ, gewrit. See Write.]

1. That which is written; writing; scripture; -- applied especially
to the Scriptures, or the books of the Old and New testaments; as,
sacred writ. "Though in Holy Writ not named." Milton.
Then to his hands that writ he did betake, Which he disclosing read,
thus as the paper spake. Spenser.
Babylon, so much spoken of in Holy Writ. Knolles.

2. (Law)

Defn: An instrument in writing, under seal, in an epistolary form,
issued from the proper authority, commanding the performance or
nonperformance of some act by the person to whom it is directed; as,
a writ of entry, of error, of execution, of injunction, of mandamus,
of return, of summons, and the like.

Note: Writs are usually witnessed, or tested, in the name of the
chief justice or principal judge of the court out of which they are
issued; and those directed to a sheriff, or other ministerial
officer, require him to return them on a day specified. In former
English law and practice, writs in civil cases were either original
or judicial; the former were issued out of the Court of Chancery,
under the great seal, for the summoning of a defendant to appear, and
were granted before the suit began and in order to begin the same;
the latter were issued out of the court where the original was
returned, after the suit was begun and during the pendency of it.
Tomlins. Brande. Encyc. Brit. The term writ is supposed by Mr. Reeves
to have been derived from the fact of these formulæ having always
been expressed in writing, being, in this respect, distinguished from
the other proceedings in the ancient action, which were conducted
orally. Writ of account, Writ of capias, etc. See under Account,
Capias, etc.
 -- Service of a writ. See under Service.

WRITABILITY
Writ`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Ability or capacity to write. [R.] Walpole.

WRITABLE
Writ"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of, or suitable for, being written down.

WRITATIVE
Writ"a*tive, a.

Defn: Inclined to much writing; -- correlative to talkative. [R.]
Pope.

WRITE
Write, v. t. [imp. Wrote; p. p. Written; Archaic imp. & p. p. Writ;
p. pr. & vb. n. Writing.] Etym: [OE. writen, AS. writan; originally,
to scratch, to score; akin to OS. writan to write, to tear, to wound,
D. rijten to tear, to rend, G. reissen, OHG. rizan, Icel. rita to
write, Goth. writs a stroke, dash, letter. Cf. Race tribe, lineage.]

1. To set down, as legible characters; to form the conveyance of
meaning; to inscribe on any material by a suitable instrument; as, to
write the characters called letters; to write figures.

2. To set down for reading; to express in legible or intelligible
characters; to inscribe; as, to write a deed; to write a bill of
divorcement; hence, specifically, to set down in an epistle; to
communicate by letter.
Last night she enjoined me to write some lines to one she loves.
Shak.
I chose to write the thing I durst not speak To her I loved. Prior.

3. Hence, to compose or produce, as an author.
I purpose to write the history of England from the accession of King
James the Second down to a time within the memory of men still
living. Macaulay.

4. To impress durably; to imprint; to engrave; as, truth written on
the heart.

5. To make known by writing; to record; to prove by one's own written
testimony; -- often used reflexively.
He who writes himself by his own inscription is like an ill painter,
who, by writing on a shapeless picture which he hath drawn, is fain
to tell passengers what shape it is, which else no man could imagine.
Milton.
To write to, to communicate by a written document to.
 -- Written laws, laws deriving their force from express legislative
enactment, as contradistinguished from unwritten, or common, law. See
the Note under Law, and Common law, under Common, a.

WRITE
Write, v. i.

1. To form characters, letters, or figures, as representative of
sounds or ideas; to express words and sentences by written signs.
Chaucer.
So it stead you, I will write, Please you command. Shak.

2. To be regularly employed or occupied in writing, copying, or
accounting; to act as clerk or amanuensis; as, he writes in one of
the public offices.

3. To frame or combine ideas, and express them in written words; to
play the author; to recite or relate in books; to compose.
They can write up to the dignity and character of the authors.
Felton.

4. To compose or send letters.
He wrote for all the Jews that went out of his realm up into Jewry
concerning their freedom. 1 Esdras iv. 49.

WRITER
Writ"er, n. Etym: [AS. writere.]

1. One who writes, or has written; a scribe; a clerk.
They [came] that handle the pen of the writer. Judg. v. 14.
My tongue is the pen of a ready writer. Ps. xlv. 1.

2. One who is engaged in literary composition as a profession; an
author; as, a writer of novels.
This pitch, as ancient writers do report, doth defile. Shak.

3. A clerk of a certain rank in the service of the late East India
Company, who, after serving a certain number of years, became a
factor. Writer of the tallies (Eng. Law), an officer of the exchequer
of England, who acted as clerk to the auditor of the receipt, and
wrote the accounts upon the tallies from the tellers' bills. The use
of tallies in the exchequer has been abolished. Wharton (Law. Dict.)
-- Writer's cramp, palsy, or spasm (Med.), a painful spasmodic
affection of the muscles of the fingers, brought on by excessive use,
as in writing, violin playing, telegraphing, etc. Called also
scrivener's palsy.
 -- Writer to the signet. See under Signet.

WRITERSHIP
Writ"er*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a writer.

WRITHE
Writhe, v. t. [imp. Writhed; p. p. Writhed, Obs. or Poetic Writhen (;
p. pr. & vb. n. Writhing.] Etym: [OE. writhen, AS. wri to twist; akin
to OHG. ridan, Icel. ri, Sw. vrida, Dan. vride. Cf. Wreathe, Wrest,
Wroth.]

1. To twist; to turn; now, usually, to twist or turn so as to
distort; to wring. "With writhing [turning] of a pin." Chaucer.
Then Satan first knew pain, And writhed him to and fro. Milton.
Her mouth she writhed, her forehead taught to frown. Dryden.
His battle-writhen arms, and mighty hands. Tennyson.

2. To wrest; to distort; to pervert.
The reason which he yieldeth showeth the least part of his meaning to
be that whereunto his words are writhed. Hooker.

3. To extort; to wring; to wrest. [R.]
The nobility hesitated not to follow the example of their sovereign
in writhing money from them by every species of oppression. Sir W.
Scott.

WRITHE
Writhe, v. i.

Defn: To twist or contort the body; to be distorted; as, to writhe
with agony. Also used figuratively.
After every attempt, he felt that he had failed, and writhed with
shame and vexation. Macaulay.

WRITHEN
Writh"en, a.

Defn: Having a twisted distorted from.
A writhen staff his step unstable guides. Fairfax.

WRITHLE
Wri"thle, v. t. Etym: [Freq. of writhe.]

Defn: To wrinkle. [Obs.] Shak.

WRITING
Writ"ing, n.

1. The act or art of forming letters and characters on paper, wood,
stone, or other material, for the purpose of recording the ideas
which characters and words express, or of communicating them to
others by visible signs.

2. Anything written or printed; anything expressed in characters or
letters; as:
(a) Any legal instrument, as a deed, a receipt, a bond, an agreement,
or the like.
(b) Any written composition; a pamphlet; a work; a literary
production; a book; as, the writings of Addison.
(c) An inscription.
And Pilate wrote a title . . . And the writing was, Jesus of
Nazareth, the King of the Jews. John xix. 19.

3. Handwriting; chirography. Writing book, a book for practice in
penmanship.
 -- Writing desk, a desk with a sloping top for writing upon; also, a
case containing writing materials, and used in a similar manner.
 -- Writing lark (Zoöl.), the European yellow-hammer; -- so called
from the curious irregular lines on its eggs. [Prov. Eng.] -- Writing
machine. Same as Typewriter.
 -- Writing master, one who teaches the art of penmanship.
 -- Writing obligatory (Law), a bond.
 -- Writing paper, paper intended for writing upon with ink, usually
finished with a smooth surface, and sized.
 -- Writing school, a school for instruction in penmanship.
 -- Writing table, a table fitted or used for writing upon.

WRITTEN
Writ"ten,

Defn: p. p. of Write, v.

WRIZZLE
Wriz"zle, v. t.

Defn: To wrinkle. [Obs.] Spenser.

WROKEN
Wro"ken, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Wreak. Chaucer.

WRONG
Wrong, obs.

Defn: imp. of Wring. Wrung. Chaucer.

WRONG
Wrong, a. Etym: [OE. wrong, wrang, a. & n., AS. wrang, n.;
originally, awry, wrung, fr. wringan to wring; akin to D. wrang
bitter, Dan. vrang wrong, Sw. vrång, Icel. rangr awry, wrong. See
Wring.]

1. Twisted; wry; as, a wrong nose. [Obs.] Wyclif (Lev. xxi. 19).

2. Not according to the laws of good morals, whether divine or human;
not suitable to the highest and best end; not morally right;
deviating from rectitude or duty; not just or equitable; not true;
not legal; as, a wrong practice; wrong ideas; wrong inclinations and
desires.

3. Not fit or suitable to an end or object; not appropriate for an
intended use; not according to rule; unsuitable; improper; incorrect;
as, to hold a book with the wrong end uppermost; to take the wrong
way.
I have deceived you both; I have directed you to wrong places. Shak.

4. Not according to truth; not conforming to fact or intent; not
right; mistaken; erroneous; as, a wrong statement.

5. Designed to be worn or placed inward; as, the wrong side of a
garment or of a piece of cloth.

Syn.
 -- Injurious; unjust; faulty; detrimental; incorrect; erroneous;
unfit; unsuitable.

WRONG
Wrong, adv.

Defn: In a wrong manner; not rightly; amiss; morally ill;
erroneously; wrongly.
Ten censure wrong for one that writes amiss. Pope.

WRONG
Wrong, n. Etym: [AS. wrang. See Wrong, a.]

Defn: That which is not right. Specifically:
(a) Nonconformity or disobedience to lawful authority, divine or
human; deviation from duty; -- the opposite of moral Ant: right.
When I had wrong and she the right. Chaucer.
One spake much of right and wrong. Milton.

(b) Deviation or departure from truth or fact; state of falsity;
error; as, to be in the wrong.
(c) Whatever deviates from moral rectitude; usually, an act that
involves evil consequences, as one which inflicts injury on a person;
any injury done to, or received from; another; a trespass; a
violation of right.
Friend, I do thee no wrong. Matt. xx. 18.
As the king of England can do no wrong, so neither can he do right
but in his courts and by his courts. Milton.
The obligation to redress a wrong is at least as binding as that of
paying a debt. E. Evereth.

Note: Wrongs, legally, are private or public. Private wrongs are
civil injuries, immediately affecting individuals; public wrongs are
crimes and misdemeanors which affect the community. Blackstone.

WRONG
Wrong, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wronged; p. pr. & vb. n. Wronging.]

1. To treat with injustice; to deprive of some right, or to withhold
some act of justice from; to do undeserved harm to; to deal unjustly
with; to injure.
He that sinneth . . . wrongeth his own soul. Prov. viii. 36.

2. To impute evil to unjustly; as, if you suppose me capable of a
base act, you wrong me.
I rather choose To wrong the dead, to wrong myself and you, Than I
will wrong such honorable men. Shak.

WRONGDOER
Wrong"do`er, n.

1. One who injures another, or who does wrong.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who commits a tort or trespass; a trespasser; a tort
feasor. Ayliffe.

WRONGDOING
Wrong"do`ing, n.

Defn: Evil or wicked behavior or action.

WRONGER
Wrong"er, n.

Defn: One who wrongs or injures another. Shak. "Wrongers of the
world." Tennyson.

WRONGFUL
Wrong"ful, a.

Defn: Full of wrong; injurious; unjust; unfair; as, a wrongful taking
of property; wrongful dealing.
 -- Wrong"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Wrong"ful*ness, n.

WRONGHEAD
Wrong"head`, n.

Defn: A person of a perverse understanding or obstinate character.
[R.]

WRONGHEAD
Wrong"head`, a.

Defn: Wrongheaded. [R.] Pope.

WRONGHEADED
Wrong"head`ed, a.

Defn: Wrong in opinion or principle; having a perverse understanding;
perverse.
 -- Wrong"head`ed*ly, adv.
 -- Wrong"head`ed*ness, n. Macaulay.

WRONGLESS
Wrong"less, a.

Defn: Not wrong; void or free from wrong. [Obs.] -- Wrong"less*ly,
adv. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

WRONGLY
Wrong"ly, adv.

Defn: In a wrong manner; unjustly; erroneously; wrong; amiss; as, he
judges wrongly of my motives. "And yet wouldst wrongly win." Shak.

WRONGNESS
Wrong"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being wrong; wrongfulness; error;
fault.
The best great wrongnesses within themselves. Bp. Butler.
The rightness or wrongness of this view. Latham.

WRONGOUS
Wron"gous, a. Etym: [Cf. OE. wrongwis. See Wrong, and cf. Righteous.]

1. Constituting, or of the nature of, a wrong; unjust; wrongful. [R.]

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: Not right; illegal; as, wrongous imprisonment. Craig.

WRONG-TIMED
Wrong"-timed`, a.

Defn: Done at an improper time; ill-timed.

WROOT
Wroot, obs.

Defn: imp. of Write. Wrote. Chaucer.

WROTE
Wrote, v. i. Etym: [OE. wroten. See 1st Root.]

Defn: To root with the snout. See 1st Root. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WROTE
Wrote,

Defn: imp. & archaic p. p. of Write.

WROTH
Wroth, a. Etym: [OE. wroth, wrap, AS. wraedh wroth, crooked, bad;
akin to wriedhan to writhe, and to OS. wreedhangry, D. wreed cruel,
OHG. reid twisted, Icel. reiedhr angry, Dan. & Sw. vred. See Writhe,
and cf. Wrath.]

Defn: Full of wrath; angry; incensed; much exasperated; wrathful.
"Wroth to see his kingdom fail." Milton.
Revel and truth as in a low degree, They be full wroth [i. e., at
enmity] all day. Chaucer.
Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell. Gen. iv. 5.

WROUGHT
Wrought,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Work.
Alas that I was wrought [created]! Chaucer.

WROUGHT
Wrought, a.

Defn: Worked; elaborated; not rough or crude. Wrought iron. See under
Iron.

WRUNG
Wrung,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Wring.

WRY
Wry, v. t. Etym: [AS. wreón.]

Defn: To cover. [Obs.]
Wrie you in that mantle. Chaucer.

WRY
Wry, a. [Compar. Wrier; superl. Wriest.] Etym: [Akin to OE. wrien to
twist, to bend, AS. wrigian to tend towards, to drive.]

1. Turned to one side; twisted; distorted; as, a wry mouth.

2. Hence, deviating from the right direction; misdirected; out of
place; as, wry words.
Not according to the wry rigor of our neighbors, who never take up an
old idea without some extravagance in its application. Landor.

3. Wrested; perverted.
He . . . puts a wry sense upon Protestant writers. Atterbury.
Wry face, a distortion of the countenance indicating impatience,
disgust, or discomfort; a grimace.

WRY
Wry, v. i.

1. To twist; to writhe; to bend or wind.

2. To deviate from the right way; to go away or astray; to turn side;
to swerve.
This Phebus gan awayward for to wryen. Chaucer.
How many Must murder wives much better than themselves For wrying but
a little! Shak.

WRY
Wry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wried; p. pr. & vb. n. Wrying.] Etym: [OE.
wrien. See Wry, a.]

Defn: To twist; to distort; to writhe; to wrest; to vex. Sir P.
Sidney.
Guests by hundreds, not one caring If the dear host's neck were
wried. R. Browning.

WRYBILL
Wry"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Crookbill.

WRYMOUTH
Wry"mouth`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large, elongated, marine fishes
of the genus Cryptacanthodes, especially C. maculatus of the American
coast. A whitish variety is called ghostfish.

WRYNECK
Wry"neck, n. (Med.)

1. A twisted or distorted neck; a deformity in which the neck is
drawn to one side by a rigid contraction of one of the muscles of the
neck; torticollis.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of Old World birds of the genus
Jynx, allied to the woodpeckers; especially, the common European
species (J. torguilla); -- so called from its habit of turning the
neck around in different directions. Called also cuckoo's mate,
snakebird, summer bird, tonguebird, and writheneck.

WRYNECKED
Wry"necked`, a.

Defn: Having a distorted neck; having the deformity called wryneck.

WRYNESS
Wry"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being wry, or distorted. W. Montagu.

WRYTHEN
Wryth"en, obs. p. p. of Writhe.

Defn: Writhen.

WULFENITE
Wul"fen*ite, n. Etym: [So named after F. X. Wulfen, an Australian
mineralogist.] (Min.)

Defn: Native lead molybdate occurring in tetragonal crystals, usually
tabular, and of a bright orange-yellow to red, gray, or brown color;
-- also called yellow lead ore.

WULL
Wull, v. t. & i.

Defn: See 2d Will.
Pour out to all that wull. Spenser.

WUNG-OUT
Wung"-out`, a.

Defn: Having the sails set in the manner called wing-and-wing.
[Sailors' slang]

WURBAGOOL
Wur"ba*gool, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fruit bat (Pteropus medius) native of India. It is similar to
the flying fox, but smaller.

WURMAL
Wur"mal, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wormil.

WURRALUH
Wur"ra*luh, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Australian white-quilled honey eater (Entomyza albipennis).

WUST; WUSTE
Wust, Wuste, obs.

Defn: imp. of Wit. Piers Plowman.

WYANDOTS
Wy`an*dots", n. pl.; sing. Wyandot (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Same as Hurons. [Written also Wyandottes, and Yendots.]

WYCH-ELM
Wych"-elm`, n. Etym: [OE. wiche a kind of elm, AS. wice a kind of
tree. Cf. Wicker.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of elm (Ulmus montana) found in Northern and Western
Europe; Scotch elm.

Note: By confusion this word is often written witch-elm.

WYCH-HAZEL
Wych"-ha`zel, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The wych-elm; -- so called because its leaves are like those of
the hazel.

WYCLIFITE; WYCLIFFITE
Wyc"lif*ite, Wyc"liff*ite, n.

Defn: A follower of Wyclif, the English reformer; a Lollard.

WYD
Wyd, a.

Defn: Wide. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WYE
Wye, n.; pl. Wyes (.

1. The letter Y.

2. A kind of crotch. See Y, n. (a).

WYKE
Wyke, n.

Defn: Week. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WYLA
Wy"la, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A helmeted Australian cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus funereus); --
called also funeral cockatoo.

WYN; WYNN; WEN
Wyn, Wynn, n. Also Wen. [AS. wen.]

Defn: One of the runes adopted into the Anglo-Saxon, or Old English,
alphabet. It had the value of modern English w, and was replaced from
about a. d. 1280 at first by uu, later by w.

X.

WYND
Wynd, n. Etym: [See Wind to turn.]

Defn: A narrow lane or alley. [Scot.] Jamieson.
The narrow wynds, or alleys, on each side of the street. Bryant.

WYNKERNEL
Wyn"ker*nel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European moor hen. [Prov. Eng.]

WYNN
Wynn, n.

Defn: A kind of timber truck, or carriage.

WYPE
Wype, n.

Defn: The wipe, or lapwing. [Prov. Eng.]

WYS
Wys, a.

Defn: Wise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

WYTE; WYTEN
Wyte, Wy"ten, obs.

Defn: pl. pres. of Wit.

WYTHE
Wythe, n. (Naut.).

Defn: Same as Withe, n., 4.

WYVERN
Wy"vern, n. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Wiver.

X
X (eks).

Defn: X, the twenty-fourth letter of the English alphabet, has three
sounds; a compound nonvocal sound (that of ks), as in wax; a compound
vocal sound (that of gz), as in example; and, at the beginning of a
word, a simple vocal sound (that of z), as in xanthic.  See Guide to
Pronunciation, §§ 217, 270, 271.

The form and value of X are from the Latin X, which is from the Greek
X, which in some Greek alphabets had the value of ks, though in the
one now in common use it represents an aspirated sound of k.

XANTHAMIDE
Xanth*am"ide, n. [Xanthic + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: An amido derivative of xanthic acid obtained as a white
crystalline substance, C2H5O.CS.NH2; -- called also xanthogen amide.

XANTHATE
Xan"thate, n. [See Xanthic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of xanthic; a xanthogenate.

XANTHELASMA
Xan`the*las"ma, n. [NL.; Gr. xanqo`s yellow + 'e`lasma a metal
plate.] (Med.)

Defn: See Xanthoma.

XANTHIAN
Xan"thi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Xanthus, an ancient town on Asia Minor; --
applied especially to certain marbles found near that place, and now
in the British Museum.

XANTHIC
Xan"thic, a. [Gr. xanqo`s yellow: cf. F. xanthique.]

1. Tending toward a yellow color, or to one of those colors, green
being excepted, in which yellow is a constituent, as scarlet, orange,
etc.

2. (Chem.)
 (a) Possessing, imparting, or producing a yellow color; as, xanthic
acid.
 (b) Of or pertaining to xanthic acid, or its compounds; xanthogenic.
 (c) Of or pertaining to xanthin.

Xanthic acid (Chem.), a heavy, astringent, colorless oil,
C2H5O.CS.SH, having a pungent odor. It is produced by leading carbon
disulphide into a hot alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide. So
called from the yellow color of many of its salts. Called also
xanthogenic acid. -- Xanthic colors (Bot.), those colors (of flowers)
having some tinge of yellow; -- opposed to cyanic colors.  See under
Cyanic.

XANTHIDE
Xan"thide, n. [See Xantho-.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound or derivative of xanthogen. [Archaic]

XANTHIDIUM
Xan*thid"i*um, n.; pl. Xanthidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. xanqo`s yellow.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of minute unicellular algæ of the desmids. These algæ
have a rounded shape and are armed with glochidiate or branched
aculei. Several species occur in ditches, and others are found fossil
in flint or hornstone.

XANTHIN
Xan"thin, n. [Gr. xanqo`s yellow.]

1. (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline nitrogenous body closely related to
both uric acid and hypoxanthin, present in muscle tissue, and
occasionally found in the urine and in some urinary calculi. It is
also present in guano. So called from the yellow color of certain of
its salts (nitrates).

2. (Chem.) A yellow insoluble coloring matter extracted from yellow
flowers; specifically, the coloring matter of madder.  [Formerly
written also xanthein.]

3. (Chem.) One of the gaseous or volatile decomposition products of
the xanthates, and probably identical with carbon disulphide.  [Obs.]

XANTHINE; XANTHIN
Xan"thine, n. Also Xan"thin . [Gr. xanqo`s yellow.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A white microcrystalline nitrogenous compound, C5H4O2N4,
present in muscle tissue, in the liver, spleen, pancreas, and other
organs, and also in urine (in small quantities) and some urinary
calculi, and in the juices of certain plants; -- so called because it
leaves a yellow residue when evaporated to dryness with nitric acid.
Xanthine is closely related to uric acid.

XANTHININE
Xan"thi*nine, n. [Gr. xanqo`s yellow + quinine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A complex nitrogenous substance related to urea and uric acid,
produced as a white powder; -- so called because it forms yellow
salts, and because its solution forms a blue fluorescence like
quinine.

XANTHIUM
Xan"thi*um, n. [NL., fr. Gr. xa`nqion a plant used for dyeing the
hair yellow, said to be the Xanthium strumarium, from xanqo`s
yellow.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of composite plants in which the scales of the
involucre are united so as to form a kind of bur; cocklebur; clotbur.

XANTHO-
Xan"tho-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. xanqo`s yellow; as in xanthocobaltic
salts. Used also adjectively in chemistry.

XANTHOCARPOUS
Xan`tho*car"pous, a. [Xantho-+ Gr. karpo`s fruit.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having yellow fruit.

XANTHOCHROI
Xan*thoch"ro*i, n. pl. [NL.  See Xanthochroic.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: A division of the Caucasian races, comprising the lighter-
colored members.

The Xanthochroi, or fair whites, . . . are the prevalent inhabitants
of Northern Europe, and the type may be traced into North Africa, and
eastward as far as Hindostan.
Tylor.

XANTHOCHROIC
Xan`tho*chro"ic, a. [Xantho-+ Gr. chro`a color.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: Having a yellowish or fair complexion; of or pertaining to the
Xanthochroi.

XANTHOCHROID
Xan"tho*chroid, a. [See under Xanthrochroic, -oid.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: Having a yellowish or fair complexion. -- n.

Defn: A person having xanthochroid traits.

XANTHOCHROISM
Xan*thoch"ro*ism, n.

Defn: Abnormal coloration of feathers in which yellow replaces the
normal color, as in certain parrots. It is commonly due to lack of
the dark pigment which with yellow forms green.

XANTHODONTOUS
Xan`tho*don"tous, a. [Xantho-+ Gr. 'odoy`s, 'odo`ntos, tooth.]

Defn: Having yellow teeth.

XANTHOGEN
Xan"tho*gen, n. [Xantho- + -gen.] (Chem.)
 (a) The hypothetical radical supposed to be characteristic of
xanthic acid. [Archaic]
 (b) Persulphocyanogen.  [R.]

XANTHOGENATE
Xan"tho*gen*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of xanthic acid.

XANTHOGENIC
Xan`tho*gen"ic, a. [See Xantho-, and -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: Producing a yellow color or compound; xanthic.  See Xanthic
acid, under Xanthic.

XANTHOMA
Xan*tho"ma, n. [NL.  See Xantho-, and -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A skin disease marked by the development or irregular yellowish
patches upon the skin, especially upon the eyelids; -- called also
xanthelasma.

XANTHOMATOUS
Xan*thom"a*tous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to xanthoma.

XANTHOMELANOUS
Xan`tho*mel"a*nous, a. [Pref. xantho- + Gr. , , black.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lighter division of the Melanochroi, or
those races having an olive or yellow complexion and black hair.

XANTHOPHANE
Xan"tho*phane, n. [Xantho- + Gr. fai`nein to show.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The yellow pigment present in the inner segments of the retina
in animals.  See Chromophane.

XANTHOPHYLL
Xan"tho*phyll, n. [Xantho- + Gr. fy`llon leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: A yellow coloring matter found in yellow autumn leaves, and
also produced artificially from chlorophyll; -- formerly called also
phylloxanthin.

XANTHOPOUS
Xan"tho*pous, a. [Xantho- + Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having a yellow stipe, or stem.

XANTHOPROTEIC
Xan`tho*pro*te"ic, a. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, xanthoprotein; showing the
characters of xanthoprotein; as, xanthoproteic acid; the
xanthoproteic reaction for albumin.

XANTHOPROTEIN
Xan`tho*pro"te*in, n. [Xantho-+ protein.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A yellow acid substance formed by the action of hot nitric acid
on albuminous or proteid matter. It is changed to a deep orange-
yellow color by the addition of ammonia.

XANTHOPUCCINE
Xan`tho*puc"cine, n. [Xantho-+ puccoon + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of three alkaloids found in the root of the yellow puccoon
(Hydrastis Canadensis). It is a yellow crystalline substance, and
resembles berberine.

XANTHORHAMNIN
Xan`tho*rham"nin, n. [Xantho-+ NL. Rhamnus, the generic name of the
plant bearing Persian berries.] (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside extracted from Persian berries as a yellow
crystalline powder, used as a dyestuff.

XANTHORHIZA
Xan`tho*rhi"za, n. [NL., fr. Gr. xanqo`s yellow + "ri`za root.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubby ranunculaceous plants of North America,
including only the species Xanthorhiza apiifolia, which has roots of
a deep yellow color; yellowroot. The bark is intensely bitter, and is
sometimes used as a tonic.

XANTHORHOEA
Xan`tho*rhoe"a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. xanqo`s yellow + (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of endogenous plants, native to Australia, having a
thick, sometimes arborescent, stem, and long grasslike leaves. See
Grass tree.

XANTHOSE
Xan"those, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An orange-yellow substance found in pigment spots of certain
crabs.

XANTHOSIS
Xan*tho"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. xanqo`s yellow.] (Med.)

Defn: The yellow discoloration often observed in cancerous tumors.

XANTHOSPERMOUS
Xan`tho*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Xantho- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having yellow seeds.

XANTHOUS
Xan"thous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Yellow; specifically (Ethnol.), of or pertaining to those races
of man which have yellowish, red, auburn, or brown hair.

XANTHOXYLENE
Xan*thox"y*lene, n. Etym: [See Xanthoxylum.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon of the terpene series extracted from the
seeds of a Japanese prickly ash (Xanthoxylum pipertium) as an
aromatic oil.

XANTHOXYLUM
Xan*thox"y*lum, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. xanqo`s yellow + xy`lon
wood.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of prickly shrubs or small trees, the bark and rots of
which are of a deep yellow color; prickly ash.

Note: The commonest species in the Northern United States is
Xanthoxylum Americanum. See Prickly ash, under Prickly.

XEBEC
Xe"bec, n. Etym: [Sp. jabegue, formerly spelt xabeque, or Pg. xabeco;
both from Turk. sumbeki a kind of Asiatic ship; cf. Per. sumbuk, Ar.
sumb a small ship.] (Naut.)

Defn: A small three-masted vessel, with projecting bow stern and
convex decks, used in the Mediterranean for transporting merchandise,
etc. It carries large square sails, or both. Xebecs were formerly
armed and used by corsairs.

XEME
Xeme (zem), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Arctic fork-tailed gull (Xema Sabinii).

XENELASIA
Xen`e*la"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A Spartan institution which prohibited strangers from residing
in Sparta without permission, its object probably being to preserve
the national simplicity of manners.

XENIUM
Xe"ni*um, n.; pl. Xenia. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Class. Antiq.)

Defn: A present given to a guest or stranger, or to a foreign
ambassador.

XENODOCHIUM
Xen`o*do*chi"um, n. Etym: [LL., fr. L. xenodochium a building for the
reception of strangers, Gr. (a) (Class. Antiq.)

Defn: A house for the reception of strangers.
(b) In the Middle Ages, a room in a monastery for the reception and
entertainment of strangers and pilgrims, and for the relief of
paupers. [Called also Xenodocheion.]

XENODOCHY
Xe*nod"o*chy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Reception of strangers; hospitality. [R.]

XENOGAMY
Xe*nog"a*my, n. Etym: [Gr. xe`nos strange, foreign + (Bot.)

Defn: Cross fertilization.

XENOGENESIS
Xen`o*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. xe`nos a stranger + E. genesis.]
(Biol.)
(a) Same as Heterogenesis.
(b) The fancied production of an organism of one kind by an organism
of another. Huxley.

XENOGENETIC
Xen`o*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to xenogenesis; as, the xenogenetic origin of
microzymes. Huxley.

XENOMANIA
Xen`o*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Gr. xe`nos strange + E. mania.]

Defn: A mania for, or an inordinate attachment to, foreign customs,
institutions, manners, fashions, etc. [R.] Saintsbury.

XENOMI
Xen"o*mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. xe`nos strange.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of soft-rayed fresh-water fishes of which the
blackfish of Alaska (Dallia pectoralis) is the type.

XENON
Xen"on, n. [Gr. , neut. of  strange.] (Chem.)

Defn: A very heavy, inert gaseous element occurring in the atmosphere
in the proportion of one volume is about 20 millions. It was
discovered by Ramsay and Travers in 1898. It can be condensed to a
liquid boiling at -109º C., and to a solid which volatilizes without
melting. Symbol Xe or X; atomic weight 130.2.

XENOPTERYGII
Xe*nop`te*ryg"i*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. xe`nos strange +
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of fishes including Gobiesox and allied genera.
These fishes have soft-rayed fins, and a ventral sucker supported in
front by the pectoral fins. They are destitute of scales.

XENOTIME
Xen"o*time, n. Etym: [Gr. xe`nos guest, stranger + xenotim.] (Min.)

Defn: A native phosphate of yttrium occurring in yellowish-brown
tetragonal crystals.

XENURINE
Xe*nu"rine, n. Etym: [Gr. xe`nos strange + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cabassou.

XENYL
Xen"yl, n. Etym: [Gr. xe`nos strange + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The radical characteristic of xenylic compounds.

XENYLIC
Xe*nyl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, designating, certain amido
compounds obtained by reducing certain nitro derivatives of diphenyl.

XERAPHIM
Xer"a*phim, n. Etym: [Pg. xarafin, xerafin, fr. Ar. ashrafi noble,
the name of a gold coin.]

Defn: An old money of account in Bombay, equal to three fifths of a
rupee.

XERES
Xer"es, n.

Defn: Sherry. See Sherry.

XERIF
Xer"if, n.

Defn: A shereef.

XERIFF
Xer"iff, n. Etym: [See Shereef.]

Defn: A gold coin formerly current in Egypt and Turkey, of the value
of about 9s. 6d., or about $2.30; -- also, in Morocco, a ducat.

XERODERMA
Xe`ro*der"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
(a) Ichthyosis.
(b) A skin disease characterized by the presence of numerous small
pigmented spots resembling freckles, with which are subsequently
mingled spots of atrophied skin.

XERONATE
Xe"ro*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of xeronic acid.

XERONIC
Xe*ron"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. conic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C8H12O4, related to
fumaric acid, and obtained from citraconic acid as an oily substance
having a bittersweet taste; -- so called from its tendency to form
its anhydride.

XEROPHAGY
Xe*roph"a*gy, n. Etym: [L. xerophagia, Gr.

Defn: Among the primitive Christians, the living on a diet of dry
food in Lent and on other fasts.

XEROPHILOUS
Xe*roph"i*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Drought-loving; able withstand the absence or lack of moisture.
Plants which are peculiarly adapted to dry climates are termed by De
Candolle xerophilous. Goodale.

XEROPHTHALMIA
Xe`roph*thal"mi*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Ophthalmia.] (Med.)

Defn: An abnormal dryness of the eyeball produced usually by long-
continued inflammation and subsequent atrophy of the conjunctiva.

XEROPHTHALMY
Xe`roph*thal"my, n. (Med.)

Defn: Xerophthalmia.

XIPHIAS
Xiph"i*as, n. Etym: [L., a swordfish, a sword-shaped comet, fr. Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fishes comprising the common swordfish.

2. (Anat.)
(a) The constellation Dorado.
(b) A comet shaped like a sword

XIPHIDIUM
Xi*phid"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. xi`fos sword.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the order Hæmodraceæ, having two-ranked,
sword-shaped leaves.

XIPHIOID
Xiph"i*oid, a. Etym: [Xiphius + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a cetacean of the genus
Xiphius or family Xiphiidæ.

XIPHIPLASTRON
Xiph"i*plas"tron, n.; pl. Xiphiplastra. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. xi`fos a
sword + plastron.] (Anat.)

Defn: The posterior, or fourth, lateral plate in the plastron of
turtles; -- called also xiphisternum.

XIPHISTERNUM
Xiph"i*ster"num, n.; pl. Xiphisterna. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. xi`fos a
sword + sternum.] (Anat.)
(a) The posterior segment, or extremity, of the sternum; -- sometimes
called metasternum, ensiform cartilage, ensiform process, or xiphoid
process.
(b) The xiphiplastron.
 -- Xiph"i*ster"nal a.

XIPHIUS
Xiph"i*us, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. xi`fos a sword.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of cetaceans having a long, pointed, bony beak, usually
two tusklike teeth in the lower jaw, but no teeth in the upper jaw.

XIPHODON
Xiph"o*don, n. Etym: [Gr. xi`fos a sword + (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of artiodactylous mammals found in the
European Tertiary formations. It had slender legs, didactylous feet,
and small canine teeth.

XIPHOID
Xiph"oid, a. Etym: [Gr. xi`fos a sword + xiphoide.] (Anat.)
(a) Like a sword; ensiform.
(b) Of or pertaining to the xiphoid process; xiphoidian.

XIPHOIDIAN
Xiph*oid"i*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Xiphoid.

XIPHOPHYLLOUS
Xi*phoph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. xi`fos sword + (Bot.)

Defn: Having sword-shaped leaves.

XIPHOSURA
Xiph`o*su"ra, n. pl.

Defn: See Xiphura.

XIPHURA
Xi*phu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. xi`fos sword + (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Limuloidea. Called also Xiphosura. X ray. See under
Ray.

XP
XP. [Belongs here in appearance only.]

Defn: The first two letters of the Greek word XRISTOS, Christ; -- an
abbreviation used with the letters separate or, oftener, in a
monogram, often inclosed in a circle, as a symbol or emblem of
Christ. It use as an emblem was introduced by Constantine the Great,
whence it is known as the Constantinian symbol, or monogram. See
Labarum.

X RAYS; X-RAYS
X rays, or X"-rays`, n. pl.

Defn: The Röntgen rays; -- so called by their discoverer because of
their enigmatical character.

X-RAY TUBE
X"-ray" tube. (Physics)

Defn: A vacuum tube suitable for producing Röntgen rays.

XYLAMIDE
Xy*lam"ide, n. Etym: [Xylic + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: An acid amide derivative of xylic acid, obtained as a white
crystalline substance.

XYLAN
Xy"lan, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A gummy substance of the pentosan class, present in woody
tissue, and yielding xylose on hydrolysis; wood gum.

XYLANTHRAX
Xy*lan"thrax, n. Etym: [Gr. xy`lon wood +

Defn: Wood coal, or charcoal; -- so called in distinction from
mineral coal.

XYLATE
Xy"late, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of xylic acid.

XYLEM
Xy"lem, n. Etym: [Gr. xy`lon wood.] (Bot.)

Defn: That portion of a fibrovascular bundle which has developed, or
will develop, into wood cells; -- distinguished from phloëm.

XYLENE
Xy"lene, n. Etym: [Gr. xy`lon wood.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any of a group of three metameric hydrocarbons of the aromatic
series, found in coal and wood tar, and so named because found in
crude wood spirit. They are colorless, oily, inflammable liquids,
C6H4.(CH3)2, being dimethyl benzenes, and are called respectively
orthoxylene, metaxylene, and paraxylene. Called also xylol.

Note: Each of these xylenes is the nucleus and prototype of a
distinct series of compounds.

XYLENOL
Xy"le*nol, n. Etym: [Xylene + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of six metameric phenol derivatives of xylene, obtained
as crystalline substances, (CH3)2.C6H3.OH.

XYLETIC
Xy*let"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a complex acid related to
mesitylenic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance by the
action of sodium and carbon dioxide on crude xylenol.

XYLIC
Xy"lic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or related to, xylene;
specifically, designating any one of several metameric acids produced
by the partial oxidation of mesitylene and pseudo-cumene.

XYLIDIC
Xy*lid"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, either one of two distinct acids
which are derived from xylic acid and related compounds, and are
metameric with uvitic acid.

XYLIDINE
Xy"li*dine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of six metameric hydrocarbons, (CH3)2.C6H3.NH2,
resembling aniline, and related to xylene. They are liquids, or
easily fusible crystalline substances, of which three are derived
from metaxylene, two from orthoxylene, and one from paraxylene. They
are called the amido xylenes.

Note: The xylidine of commerce, used in making certain dyes, consists
chiefly of the derivatives of paraxylene and metaxylene.

XYLINDEIN
Xy*lin"de*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A green or blue pigment produced by Peziza in certain kinds of
decayed wood, as the beech, oak, birch, etc., and extracted as an
amorphous powder resembling indigo.

XYLITE
Xy"lite, n. Etym: [Gr. xy`lon wood.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon found in crude wood spirits.

XYLITONE
Xy"li*tone, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow oil having a geraniumlike odor, produced as a side
product in making phorone; -- called also xylite oil.

XYLO-
Xy"lo-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. xy`lon wood; as in xylogen,
xylograph.

XYLOBALSAMUM
Xy`lo*bal"sa*mum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. xy`lon wood + xylobalsamum
balsam wood, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The dried twigs of a Syrian tree (Balsamodendron Gileadense).
U. S. Disp.

XYLOCARPOUS
Xy`lo*car"pous, a. Etym: [Xylo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing fruit which becomes hard or woody.

XYLOCOPA
Xy*loc"o*pa, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. xy`lon wood + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of hymenopterous insects including the carpenter. See
Carpenter bee, under Carpenter.
 -- Xy*loc"o*pine, a.

XYLOGEN
Xy"lo*gen, n. Etym: [Xylo- + -gen.]
(a) (Bot.) Nascent wood; wood cells in a forming state.
(b) Lignin.

XYLOGRAPH
Xy"lo*graph, n. Etym: [Xylo- + -graph.]

Defn: An engraving on wood, or the impression from such an engraving;
a print by xylography.

XYLOGRAPHER
Xy*log"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who practices xylography.

XYLOGRAPHIC; XYLOGRAPHICAL
Xy`lo*graph"ic, Xy`lo*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. xylographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to xylography, or wood engraving.

XYLOGRAPHY
Xy*log"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Xylo- + -graphy: cf. F. xylographie.]

1. The art of engraving on wood.

2. The art of making prints from the natural grain of wood. Knight.

3. A method pf printing in colors upon wood for purposes of house
decoration. Ure.

XYLOID
Xy"loid, a. Etym: [Xylo- + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling wood; having the nature of wood.

XYLOIDIN
Xy*loid"in, n. Etym: [Xylo- + -oid.] (Chem.)

Defn: A substance resembling pyroxylin, obtained by the action of
nitric acid on starch; -- called also nitramidin.

XYLOL
Xy"lol, n. Etym: [Xylo- + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Xylene.

XYLOLOGY
Xy*lol"o*gy, n. [Pref. xylo-+ -logy.]

Defn: The branch of dendrology treating of the gross and minute
structure of wood.

XYLONITE
Xy"lon*ite, n.

Defn: See Zylonite.

XYLOPHAGA
Xy*loph"a*ga, n. Etym: [NL. See Xylophagous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine bivalves which bore holes in wood. They are
allied to Pholas.

XYLOPHAGAN
Xy*loph"a*gan, n. Etym: [See Xylophagous.] (Zoöl.)
(a) One of a tribe of beetles whose larvæ bore or live in wood.
(b) Any species of Xylophaga.
(c) Any one of the Xylophagides.

XYLOPHAGIDES
Xy`lo*phag"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [See Xylophagous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe or family of dipterous flies whose larvæ live in
decayed wood. Some of the tropical species are very large.

XYLOPHAGOUS
Xy*loph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. xy`lon wood + (Zoöl.)
(a) Eating, boring in, or destroying, wood; -- said especially of
certain insect larvæ, crustaceans, and mollusks.
(b) Of or pertaining to the genus Xylophaga.

XYLOPHILAN
Xy*loph"i*lan, n. Etym: [See Xylophilous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of beetles (Xylophili) whose larvæ live on
decayed wood.

XYLOPHILOUS
Xy*loph"i*lous, a. Etym: [Xylo- + Gr. filei^n to love.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the xylophilans.

XYLOPHONE
Xy"lo*phone, n. Etym: [Xylo- + Gr. fwnh` sound.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument common among the Russians, Poles, and Tartars,
consisting of a series of strips of wood or glass graduated in length
to the musical scale, resting on belts of straw, and struck with two
small hammers. Called in Germany strohfiedel, or straw fiddle.

2. An instrument to determine the vibrative properties of different
kinds of wood. Knight.

XYLOPLASTIC
Xy`lo*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Xylo- + -plastic.] (Technol.)

Defn: Formed of wood pulp by molds; relating to casts made of wood
pulp in molds.

XYLOPYROGRAPHY
Xy`lo*py*rog"ra*phy. n. Etym: [Xylo- + Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: The art or practice of burning pictures on wood with a hot
iron; -- called also poker painting. See Poker picture, under Poker.

XYLOQUINONE
Xy`lo*qui"none, n. Etym: [Xylene + quinone.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a group of quinone compounds obtained respectively
by the oxidation of certain xylidine compounds. In general they are
yellow crystalline substances.

XYLORCIN
Xy*lor"cin, n. Etym: [Xylene + orcin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A derivative of xylene obtained as a white crystalline
substance which on exposure in the air becomes red; -- called also
betaorcin.

XYLOSE
Xy"lose, n. [Pref. xylo- + -ose.] (Chem.)

Defn: An unfermentable sugar of the pentose class, C5H10O5, formed by
the hydrolysis of xylan; wood sugar.

XYLOSTEIN
Xy*los"te*in, n. Etym: [Xylo- + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside found in the poisonous berries of a species of
honeysuckle (Lonicera xylosteum), and extracted as a bitter, white,
crystalline substance.

XYLOTILE
Xy"lo*tile, n.

Defn: Same as Parkesine.

XYLOTOMIST
Xy*lot"o*mist, n.

Defn: One versed or engaged in xylotomy.

XYLOTOMOUS
Xy*lot"o*mous, a. [Pref. xylo-+ root of Gr.  to cut.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Capable of boring or cutting wood; -- said of many insects.

XYLOTOMY
Xy*lot"o*my, n. [Pref. xylo-+ -tomy.]

Defn: Art of preparing sections (transverse, tangential, or radial)
of wood, esp. by means of a microtome, for microscopic examination.

XYLOTRYA
Xy*lo"try*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. xy`lon wood + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine bivalves closely allied to Teredo, and
equally destructive to timber. One species (Xylotrya fimbriata) is
very common on the Atlantic coast of the United States.

XYLYL
Xy"lyl, n. Etym: [Xylo- + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of three metameric radicals which are characteristic
respectively of the three xylenes.

XYLYLENE
Xy"lyl*ene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of three metameric radicals, CH2.C6H4.CH2, derived
respectively from the three xylenes. Often used adjectively; as,
xylylene alcohol.

XYRIDACEOUS
Xyr`i*da"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order (Xyrideæ) of endogenous
plants, of which Xyris is the type.

XYRIS
Xy"ris, n. Etym: [L., a kind of Iris, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of endogenous herbs with grassy leaves and small yellow
flowers in short, scaly-bracted spikes; yellow-eyed grass. There are
about seventeen species in the Atlantic United States.

XYST; XYSTUS
Xyst, Xys"tus, n. Etym: [L. xystus, Gr. (Anc. Arch.)

Defn: A long and open portico, for athletic exercises, as wrestling,
running, etc., for use in winter or in stormy weather.

XYSTARCH
Xyst"arch, n. Etym: [L. xystarches, Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: An office Dr. W. Smith.

XYSTER
Xys"ter, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for scraping bone.

Y

Defn: Y, the twenty-fifth letter of the English alphabet, at the
beginning of a word or syllable, except when a prefix (see Y-), is
usually a fricative vocal consonant; as a prefix, and usually in the
middle or at the end of a syllable, it is a vowel. See Guide to
Pronunciation, §§ 145, 178-9, 272.

Note: It derives its form from the Latin Y, which is from the Greek
u, i, o, and j. g; as in full, fill, AS. fyllan; E. crypt, grotto;
young, juvenile; day, AS. dæg. See U, I, and J, G.

Note: Y has been called the Pythagorean letter, because the Greek
letter

Y
Y, n.; pl. Y's ( or Ys.

Defn: Something shaped like the letter Y; a forked piece resembling
in form the letter Y. Specifically:
(a) One of the forked holders for supporting the telescope of a
leveling instrument, or the axis of a theodolite; a wye.
(b) A forked or bifurcated pipe fitting.
(c) (Railroads) A portion of track consisting of two diverging tracks
connected by a cross track. Y level (Surv.), an instrument for
measuring differences of level by means of a telescope resting in
Y's.
 -- Y moth (Zoöl.), a handsome European noctuid moth Plusia gamma)
which has a bright, silvery mark, shaped like the letter Y, on each
of the fore wings. Its larva, which is green with five dorsal white
species, feeds on the cabbage, turnip, bean, etc. Called also gamma
moth, and silver Y.

Y
Y, pron.

Defn: I. [Obs.] King Horn. Wyclif.

Y-; I-
Y-, or I-. Etym: [OE. y-, i-, AS. ge-, akin to D. & G. ge-, OHG. gi-,
ga-, Goth. ga-, and perhaps to Latin con-; originally meaning,
together. Cf. Com-, Aware, Enough, Handiwork, Ywis.]

Defn: A prefix of obscure meaning, originally used with verbs,
adverbs, adjectives, nouns, and pronouns. In the Middle English
period, it was little employed except with verbs, being chiefly used
with past participles, though occasionally with the infinitive
Ycleped, or yclept, is perhaps the only word not entirely obsolete
which shows this use.
That no wight mighte it see neither yheere. Chaucer.
Neither to ben yburied nor ybrent. Chaucer.

Note: Some examples of Chaucer's use of this prefix are; ibe, ibeen,
icaught, ycome, ydo, idoon, ygo, iproved, ywrought. It inough,
enough, it is combined with an adjective. Other examples are in the
Vocabulary. Spenser and later writers frequently employed this prefix
when affecting an archaic style, and sometimes used it incorrectly.

YA
Ya, adv.

Defn: Yea. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YACARE
Yac"a*re`, n. Etym: [See Jacare.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American crocodilian (Jacare sclerops) resembling the
alligator in size and habits. The eye orbits are connected together,
and surrounded by prominent bony ridges. Called also spectacled
alligator, and spectacled cayman. [Written also jacare.]

Note: The name is also applied to allied species.

YACCA
Yac"ca, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A West Indian name for two large timber trees (Podocarpus
coriaceus, and P. Purdicanus) of the Yew family. The wood, which is
much used, is pale brownish with darker streaks.

YACHT
Yacht, n. Etym: [D. jagt, jacht; perhaps properly, a jagen to chase,
hunt, akin to G. jagen, OHG. jag, of uncertain origin; or perhaps
akin to OHG. gahi quick, sudden (cf. Gay).] (Naut.)

Defn: A light and elegantly furnished vessel, used either for private
parties of pleasure, or as a vessel of state to convey distinguished
persons from one place to another; a seagoing vessel used only for
pleasure trips, racing, etc. Yacht measurement. See the Note under
Tonnage, 4.

YACHT
Yacht, v. i.

Defn: To manage a yacht; to voyage in a yacht.

YACHTER
Yacht"er, n.

Defn: One engaged in sailing a jacht.

YACHTING
Yacht"ing, n.

Defn: Sailing for pleasure in a yacht.

YACHTMAN
Yacht"man, n.

Defn: See Yachtsman.

YACHTSMAN
Yachts"man, n.; pl. Yachtsmen (.

Defn: One who owns or sails a yacht; a yachter.

YAF
Yaf, obs. imp. of Give. Etym: [AS. geaf, imp. of giefan to give. See
Give]

Defn: Gave. See Give. Chaucer.

YAFFINGALE
Yaf"fin*gale, n. Etym: [See Yaffle, and cf. Nightingale.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yaffle. [Prov. Eng.]

YAFFLE
Yaf"fle, n. Etym: [Probably imitative of its call or cry.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European green woodpecker (Picus, or Genius, viridis). It
is noted for its loud laughlike note. Called also eccle, hewhole,
highhoe, laughing bird, popinjay, rain bird, yaffil, yaffler,
yaffingale, yappingale, yackel, and woodhack.

YAGER
Ya"ger, n. Etym: [G. jäger a hunter, from jagen to chase, hunt.]
(Mil.)

Defn: In the German army, one belonging to a body of light infantry
armed with rifles, resembling the chasseur of the French army.
[Written also jager.]

YAGUARUNDI
Ya`gua*run"di, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Jaguarondi. [Written also yaguarondi, and yagouarondi.]

YAHOO
Ya"hoo, n.

1. One of a race of filthy brutes in Swift's "Gulliver's Travels."
See in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.

2.  Hence, any brutish or vicious character.

3.  A raw countryman; a lout; a greenhorn. [U. S.]

YAHWEH; YAHWE; JAHVEH; JAHVE
Yah"weh, Yah"we, n. Also Jah"veh, Jah"ve, etc.

Defn: A modern transliteration of the Hebrew word translated Jehovah
in the Bible; -- used by some critics to discriminate the tribal god
of the ancient Hebrews from the Christian Jehovah. Yahweh or Yahwe is
the spelling now generally adopted by scholars.

YAHWISM; JAHVISM
Yah"wism, n. Also Jah"vism.

1. The religion or worship of Yahweh (Jehovah), or the system of
doctrines, etc., connected with it.

2.  Use of Yahweh as a name of God.

YAHWIST; JAHVIST; JAHWIST; JEHOVIST
Yah"wist, n. Also Jah"vist, Jah"wist, older Je*ho"vist.

Defn: The author of the passages of the Old Testament, esp. those of
the Hexateuch, in which God is styled Yahweh, or Jehovah; the author
of the Yahwistic, or Jehovistic, Prophetic Document (J); also, the
document itself.

YAJUR-VEDA
Yaj"ur-Ve"da, n. Etym: [Skr. yajur-v.]

Defn: See Veda.

YAK
Yak, n. Etym: [Thibetan gyag.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bovine mammal (Poëphagus grunnies) native of the high plains
of Central Asia. Its neck, the outer side of its legs, and its
flanks, are covered with long, flowing, fine hair. Its tail is long
and bushy, often white, and is valued as an ornament and for other
purposes in India and China. There are several domesticated
varieties, some of which lack the mane and the long hair on the
flanks. Called also chauri gua, grunting cow, grunting ox, sarlac,
sarlik, and sarluc. Yak lace, a coarse pillow lace made from the
silky hair of the yak.

YAKAMILK
Yak"a*milk, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Trumpeter, 3 (a).

YAKARE
Yak"a*re`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Yacare.

YAKIN
Ya"kin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large Asiatic antelope (Budorcas taxicolor) native of the
higher parts of the Himalayas and other lofty mountains. Its head and
neck resemble those of the ox, and its tail is like that of the goat.
Called also budorcas.

YAKOOTS
Ya*koots", n. pl.; sing. Yakoot (.

Defn: (Ethnol.) A nomadic Mongolian tribe native of Northern Siberia,
and supposed to be of Turkish stock. They are mainly pastoral in
their habits. [Written also Yakuts.]

YAKSHA
Yak"sha, n. Etym: [Skr.] (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: A kind of demigod attendant on Kuvera, the god of wealth.

YAKUT
Ya*kut", n.

Defn: The Turkish language of the Yakuts, a Mongolian people of
northeastern Siberia, which is lingua franca over much of eastern
Siberia.

YALAH
Ya"lah, n.

Defn: The oil of the mahwa tree.

YAM
Yam, n. Etym: [Pg. inhame, probably from some native name.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large, esculent, farinaceous tuber of various climbing plants
of the genus Dioscorea; also, the plants themselves. Mostly natives
of warm climates. The plants have netted-veined, petioled leaves, and
pods with three broad wings. The commonest species is D. sativa, but
several others are cultivated. Chinese yam, a plant (Dioscorea
Batatas) with a long and slender tuber, hardier than most of the
other species.
 -- Wild yam. (a) A common plant (Dioscorea villosa) of the Eastern
United States, having a hard and knotty rootstock. (b) An
orchidaceous plant (Gastrodia sesamoides) of Australia and Tasmania.

YAMA
Ya"ma, n. Etym: [Skr. yama a twin.] (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: The king of the infernal regions, corresponding to the Greek
Pluto, and also the judge of departed souls. In later times he is
more exclusively considered the dire judge of all, and the tormentor
of the wicked. He is represented as of a green color, with red
garments, having a crown on his head, his eyes inflamed, and sitting
on a buffalo, with a club and noose in his hands.

YAMEN
Ya"men, n. [Chin. ya a civil or military court + men a gate.]

Defn: In China, the official headquarters or residence of a mandarin,
including court rooms, offices, gardens, prisons, etc.; the place
where the business of any public department is transcated.

YAMMA
Yam"ma, n. Etym: [See Llama.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The llama.

YAMP
Yamp, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant (Carum Gairdneri); also, its small
fleshy roots, which are eaten by the Indians from Idaho to
California.

YANG
Yang, n. Etym: [Of imitative origin.]

Defn: The cry of the wild goose; a honk.

YANG
Yang, v. i.

Defn: To make the cry of the wild goose.

YANK
Yank, n. Etym: [Cf. Scot. yank a sudden and severe blow.]

Defn: A jerk or twitch. [Colloq. U. S.]

YANK
Yank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yanked; p. pr. & vb. n. Yanking.]

Defn: To twitch; to jerk. [Colloq. U. S.]

YANK
Yank, n.

Defn: An abbreviation of Yankee. [Slang]

YANKEE
Yan"kee, n. Etym: [Commonly considered to be a corrupt pronunciation
of the word English, or of the French word Anglais, by the native
Indians of America. According to Thierry, a corruption of Jankin, a
diminutive of John, and a nickname given to the English colonists of
Connecticut by the Dutch settlers of New York. Dr. W. Gordon ("Hist.
of the Amer. War," ed, 1789, vol. i., pp. 324, 325) says it was a
favorite cant word in Cambridge, Mass., as early as 1713, and that it
meant excellent; as, a yankee good horse, yankee good cider, etc. Cf.
Scot yankie a sharp, clever, and rather bold woman, and Prov. E. bow-
yankees a kind of leggins worn by agricultural laborers.]

Defn: A nickname for a native of citizen of New England, especially
one descended from old New England stock; by extension, an inhabitant
of the Northern States as distinguished from a Southerner; also,
applied sometimes by foreigners to any inhabitant of the United
States.
From meanness first this Portsmouth Yankey rose, And still to
meanness all his conduct flows. Oppression, A poem by an American
(Boston, 1765).

YANKEE
Yan"kee, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a Yankee; characteristic of the Yankees.
The alertness of the Yankee aspect. Hawthorne.
Yankee clover. (Bot.) See Japan clover, under Japan.

YANKEE-DOODLE
Yan`kee-Doo"dle, n.

1. The name of a tune adopted popularly as one of the national airs
of the United States.

2. Humorously, a Yankee.
We might have withheld our political noodles From knocking their
heads against hot Yankee-Doodles. Moore.

YANKEEISM
Yan"kee*ism, n.

Defn: A Yankee idiom, word, custom, or the like. Lowell.

YAOURT
Yaourt, n. Etym: [Turk. yoghurt.]

Defn: A fermented drink, or milk beer, made by the Turks.

YAP
Yap, v. i. Etym: [Icel. gjalpa; akin to yelp. Cf. Yaup.]

Defn: To bark; to yelp. L'Estrange.

YAP
Yap, n.

Defn: A bark; a yelp.

YAPOCK
Ya"pock, n. Etym: [Probably from the river Oyapok, between French
Guiana and Brazil.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American aquatic opossum (Chironectes variegatus) found
in Guiana and Brazil. Its hind feet are webbed, and its fore feet do
not have an opposable thumb for climbing. Called also water opossum.
[Written also yapack.]

YAPON
Ya"pon, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Yaupon.

YARAGE
Yar"age (; 48), n. Etym: [See Yare, a.] (Naut.)

Defn: The power of moving, or being managed, at sea; -- said with
reference to a ship. Sir T. North.

YARD
Yard, n. Etym: [OE. yerd, AS. gierd, gyrd, a rod, ierde, OS. gerda,
D. garde, G. gerte, OHG. gartia, gerta, gart, Icel. gaddr a goad,
sting, Goth. gazds, and probably to L. hasta a spear. Cf. Gad, n.,
Gird, n., Gride, v. i., Hastate.]

1. A rod; a stick; a staff. [Obs.] P. Plowman.
If men smote it with a yerde. Chaucer.

2. A branch; a twig. [Obs.]
The bitter frosts with the sleet and rain Destroyed hath the green in
every yerd. Chaucer.

3. A long piece of timber, as a rafter, etc. [Obs.]

4. A measure of length, equaling three feet, or thirty-six inches,
being the standard of English and American measure.

5. The penis.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: A long piece of timber, nearly cylindrical, tapering toward the
ends, and designed to support and extend a square sail. A yard is
usually hung by the center to the mast. See Illust. of Ship. Golden
Yard, or Yard and Ell (Astron.), a popular name the three stars in
the belt of Orion.
 -- Under yard [i. e., under the rod], under contract. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

YARD
Yard, n. Etym: [OE. yard, yerd, AS. geard; akin to OFries. garda
garden, OS. gardo garden, gard yard, D. gaard garden, G. garten, OHG.
garto garden, gari inclosure, Icel. gar yard, house, Sw. gård, Dan.
g, Goth. gards a house, garda sheepfold, L. hortus garden, Gr. Court,
Garden, Garth, Horticulture, Orchard.]

1. An inclosure; usually, a small inclosed place in front of, or
around, a house or barn; as, a courtyard; a cowyard; a barnyard.
A yard . . . inclosed all about with sticks In which she had a cock,
hight chanticleer. Chaucer.

2. An inclosure within which any work or business is carried on; as,
a dockyard; a shipyard. Liberty of the yard, a liberty, granted to
persons imprisoned for debt, of walking in the yard, or within any
other limits prescribed by law, on their giving bond not to go beyond
those limits.
 -- Prison yard, an inclosure about a prison, or attached to it.
 -- Yard grass (Bot.), a low-growing grass (Eleusine Indica) having
digitate spikes. It is common in dooryards, and like places,
especially in the Southern United States. Called also crab grass.
 -- Yard of land. See Yardland.

YARD
Yard, v. t.

Defn: To confine (cattle) to the yard; to shut up, or keep, in a
yard; as, to yard cows.

YARDARM
Yard"arm`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Either half of a square-rigged vessel's yard, from the center
or mast to the end.

Note: Ships are said to be yardarm and yardarm when so near as to
touch, or interlock yards.

YARDFUL
Yard"ful, n.; pl. Yardfuls (.

Defn: As much as a yard will contain; enough to fill a yard.

YARDLAND
Yard"land`, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A measure of land of uncertain quantity, varying from fifteen
to forty acres; a virgate. [Obs.]

YARDSTICK
Yard"stick`, n.

Defn: A stick three feet, or a yard, in length, used as a measure of
cloth, etc.

YARDWAND
Yard"wand`, n.

Defn: A yardstick. Tennyson.

YARE
Yare, a. Etym: [OE. yare, ýaru, AS. gearu; akin to OS. garu, OHG.
garo, G. gar, Icel. gerr perfect, görva quite, G. gerben to tan, to
curry, OHG. garawen, garwen, to make ready. Cf. Carouse, Garb
clothing, Gear, n.]

Defn: Ready; dexterous; eager; lively; quick to move. [Obs.] "Be yare
in thy preparation." Shak.
The lesser [ship] will come and go, leave or take, and is yare;
whereas the greater is slow. Sir W. Raleigh.

YARE
Yare, adv.

Defn: Soon. [Obs.] Cursor Mundi.

YARELY
Yare"ly, adv.

Defn: In a yare manner. [Obs.] Shak.

YARK
Yark, v. t. & i.

Defn: To yerk. [Prov. Eng.]

YARKE
Yar"ke, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Saki.

YARN
Yarn, n. Etym: [OE. yarn, ýarn, AS. gearn; akin to D. garen, G.,
OHG., Icel., Sw., & Dan. garn; of uncertain origin. Cf. Cord.]

1. Spun wool; woolen thread; also, thread of other material, as of
cotton, flax, hemp, or silk; material spun and prepared for use in
weaving, knitting, manufacturing sewing thread, or the like.

2. (Rope Making)

Defn: One of the threads of which the strands of a rope are composed.

3. A story told by a sailor for the amusement of his companions; a
story or tale; as, to spin a yarn. [Colloq.]

YARNEN
Yarn"en, a.

Defn: Made of yarn; consisting of yarn. [Obs.] "A pair of yarnen
stocks." Turbervile.

YARNUT
Yar"nut`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Yernut.

YARR
Yarr, v. i. Etym: [OE. ýarren.]

Defn: To growl or snarl as a dog. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

YARRISH
Yar"rish, a. Etym: [Prov. E. yar sour, yare brackish.]

Defn: Having a rough, dry taste. [Prov. Eng.]

YARROW
Yar"row, n. Etym: [OE. yarowe, yarwe, ýarowe, AS. gearwe; akin to D.
gerw, OHG. garwa, garawa, G. garbe, schafgarbe, and perhaps to E.
yare.] (Bot.)

Defn: An American and European composite plant (Achillea Millefolium)
with very finely dissected leaves and small white corymbed flowers.
It has a strong, and somewhat aromatic, odor and taste, and is
sometimes used in making beer, or is dried for smoking. Called also
milfoil, and nosebleed.

YARWHIP
Yar"whip`, n. Etym: [So called from its sharp cry uttered when taking
wing.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European bar-tailed godwit; -- called also yardkeep, and
yarwhelp. See Godwit. [Prov. Eng.]

YATAGHAN
Yat"a*ghan, n. Etym: [Turk. yataghan.]

Defn: A long knife, or short saber, common among Mohammedan nations,
usually having a double curve, sometimes nearly straight. [Written
also ataghan, attaghan.] Chaucer.

YATE
Yate, n.

Defn: A gate. See 1st Gate. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Spenser.

YAUD
Yaud, n.

Defn: See Yawd. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

YAUL
Yaul, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Yawl.

YAULP
Yaulp, v. i.

Defn: To yaup.

YAUP
Yaup, v. i. Etym: [See Yap, and Yelp.]

Defn: To cry out like a child; to yelp. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]
[Written also yawp.]

YAUP
Yaup, n. Etym: [Written also yawp.]

1. A cry of distress, rage, or the like, as the cry of a sickly bird,
or of a child in pain. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

YAUPER
Yaup"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, yaups.

YAUPON
Yau"pon, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A shrub (Ilex Cassine) of the Holly family, native from
Virginia to Florida. The smooth elliptical leaves are used as a
substitute for tea, and were formerly used in preparing the black
drink of the Indians of North Carolina. Called also South-Sea tea.
[Written also yapon, youpon, and yupon.]

YAUTIA
Yau*ti"a, n. [Native name in the Antilles.]

Defn: In Porto Rico, any of several araceous plants or their starchy
edible roots, which are cooked and eaten like yams or potatoes, as
the taro.

YAW
Yaw, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Yawed; p. pr. & vb. n. Yawing.] Etym: [Cf.
Yew, v. i.]

Defn: To rise in blisters, breaking in white froth, as cane juice in
the clarifiers in sugar works.

YAW
Yaw, v. i. & t. Etym: [Cf. Prov. G. gagen to rock, gageln to totter,
shake, Norw. gaga to bend backward, Icel. gagr bent back, gaga to
throw the neck back.] (Naut.)

Defn: To steer wild, or out of the line of her course; to deviate
from her course, as when struck by a heavy sea; -- said of a ship.
Just as he would lay the ship's course, all yawing being out of the
question. Lowell.

YAW
Yaw, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A movement of a vessel by which she temporarily alters her
course; a deviation from a straight course in steering.

YAWD
Yawd, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. jalda a mare, E. jade a nag.]

Defn: A jade; an old horse or mare. [Written also yaud.] [Prov. Eng.
& Scot.] Grose.

YAWI
Yawi, n.

Defn: A fore-and-aft-rigged vessel with a mainmast stepped a little
farther forward than in a sloop and carrying a mainsail and jibs,
with a jigger mast far aft, usually placed abaft the rudder post.

YAWL
Yawl, n. Etym: [D. jol; akin to LG. & Dan. jolle, Sw. julle. Cf.
Jolly-boat.] (Naut.)

Defn: A small ship's boat, usually rowed by four or six oars.
[Written also yaul.]

YAWL
Yawl, v. i. Etym: [OE. ýaulen, ýoulen, gaulen, goulen, Icel. gaula to
low, bellow. Cf. Gowl.]

Defn: To cry out like a dog or cat; to howl; to yell. Tennyson.
There howling Scyllas yawling round about. Fairfax.

YAWL-RIGGED
Yawl"-rigged", a. (Naut.)

Defn: Having two masts with fore-and-aft sails, but differing from a
schooner in that the after mast is very small, and stepped as far aft
as possible. See Illustration in Appendix.

YAWN
Yawn, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Yawned; p. pr. & vb. n. Yawning.] Etym:
[OE. yanien, ýanien, ganien, gonien, AS. ganian; akin to ginian to
yawn, ginan to yawn, open wide, G. gähnen to yawn, OHG. ginen,
geinon, Icel. gina to yawn, gin the mouth, OSlav. zijati to yawn, L.
hiare to gape, yawn; and perhaps to E. begin, cf. Gr. b. Cf. Begin,
Gin to begin, Hiatus.]

1. To open the mouth involuntarily through drowsiness, dullness, or
fatigue; to gape; to oscitate. "The lazy, yawning drone." Shak.
And while above he spends his breath, The yawning audience nod
beneath. Trumbull.

2. To open wide; to gape, as if to allow the entrance or exit of
anything.
't is now the very witching time of night, When churchyards yawn.
Shak.

3. To open the mouth, or to gape, through surprise or bewilderment.
Shak.

4. To be eager; to desire to swallow anything; to express desire by
yawning; as, to yawn for fat livings. "One long, yawning gaze."
Landor.

YAWN
Yawn, n.

1. An involuntary act, excited by drowsiness, etc., consisting of a
deep and long inspiration following several successive attempts at
inspiration, the mouth, fauces, etc., being wide open.
One person yawning in company will produce a spontaneous yawn in all
present. N. Chipman.

2. The act of opening wide, or of gaping. Addison.

3. A chasm, mouth, or passageway. [R.]
Now gape the graves, and trough their yawns let loose Imprisoned
spirits. Marston.

YAWNINGLY
Yawn"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a yawning manner.

YAWP
Yawp, v. & n.

Defn: See Yaup.

YAWS
Yaws, n. Etym: [African yaw a raspberry.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease, occurring in the Antilles and in Africa,
characterized by yellowish or reddish tumors, of a contagious
character, which, in shape and appearance, often resemble currants,
strawberries, or raspberries. There are several varieties of this
disease, variously known as framboesia, pian, verrugas, and crab-
yaws.

YAW-WEED
Yaw"-weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A low, shrubby, rubiaceous plant (Morinda Royoc) growing along
the seacoast of the West Indies. It has small, white, odorous
flowers.

YAZOO FRAUD
Yaz"oo Fraud. (U. S. Hist.)

Defn: The grant by the State of Georgia, by Act of Jan. 7, 1795, of
35,000,000 acres of her western territory, for $500,000, to four
companies known as the Yazoo Companies from the region granted ; --
commonly so called, the act being known as the Yazoo Frauds Act,
because of alleged corruption of the legislature, every member but
one being a shareholder in one or more of the companies. The act
granting the land was repealed in 1796 by a new legislature, and the
repealing provision was incorporated in the State constitution in
1798. In 1802 the territory was ceded to the United States. The
claims of the purchasers, whom Georgia had refused to compensate,
were sustained by the United States Supreme Court, which (1810)
declared the repealing act of 1796 unconstitutional. Congress in 1814
ordered the lands sold and appropriated $5,000,000 to pay the claims.

YBE
Y*be", obs. p. p. of Be.

Defn: Been. Chaucer.

YCLEPED
Y*cleped", p. p. Etym: [AS. geclipod, p. p. of clipian, cleopian,
cliopian, to call. See Clepe, and also the Note under Y-.]

Defn: Called; named; -- obsolete, except in archaic or humorous
writings. [Spelt also yclept.]
It is full fair to ben yclept madame. Chaucer.
But come, thou goddess fair and free. In heaven ycleped Euphrosyne.
Milton.
Those charming little missives ycleped valentines. Lamb.

Y CURRENT
Y current. (Elec.)

Defn: The current through one branch of the star arrangement of a
three-phase circuit.

YDO
Y*do", obs. p. p. of Do.

Defn: Done. Chaucer.

YDRAD
Y*drad", obs. p. p. of Dread.

Defn: Dreaded.
Yet nothing did he dread, but ever was ydrad. Spenser.

YE
Ye,

Defn: an old method of printing the article the (AS. þe), the "y"
being used in place of the Anglo-Saxon thorn. It is sometimes
incorrectly pronounced ye. See The, and Thorn, n., 4.

YE
Y"ë (e"e), n.; pl. Yën (.

Defn: An eye. [Obs.]
From his yën ran the water down. Chaucer.

YE
Ye (ye), pron. Etym: [OE. ye, ýe, nom. pl., AS. ge, gi; cf. OS. ge,
gi, OFries. gi, i, D. gij, Dan. & Sw. i, Icel. er, OHG. ir, G. ihr,
Goth. jus, Lith. jus, Gr. yuyam.

Defn: The plural of the pronoun of the second person in the
nominative case.
Ye ben to me right welcome heartily. Chaucer.
But ye are washed, but ye are sanctified. 1 Cor. vi. 11.
This would cost you your life in case ye were a man. Udall.

Note: In Old English ye was used only as a nominative, and you only
as a dative or objective. In the 16th century, however, ye and you
became confused and were often used interchangeably, both as
nominatives and objectives, and you has now superseded ye except in
solemn or poetic use. See You, and also the first Note under Thou.
Vain pomp and glory of this world, I hate ye. Shak.
I come, kind gentlemen, strange news to tell ye. Dryden.

YE
Ye, adv. Etym: [See Yea.]

Defn: Yea; yes. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YEA
Yea (ya or ye; 277), adv. Etym: [OE. ye, ya, ýe, ýa, AS. geá; akin to
OFries. g, i, OS., D., OHG., G., Dan. & Sw. ja, Icel, ja, Goth. ja,
jai, and probably to Gr. Yes.]

1. Yes; ay; a word expressing assent, or an affirmative, or an
affirmative answer to a question, now superseded by yes. See Yes.
Let your communication be yea, yea; nay, nay. Matt. v. 37.

2. More than this; not only so, but; -- used to mark the addition of
a more specific or more emphatic clause. Cf. Nay, adv., 2.
I therein do rejoice, yea, and will rejoice. Phil. i. 18.

Note: Yea sometimes introduces a clause, with the sense of indeed,
verily, truly. "Yea, hath God said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of
the garden" Gen. iii. 1.

YEA
Yea, n.

Defn: An affirmative vote; one who votes in the affirmative; as, a
vote by yeas and nays.

Note: In the Scriptures, yea is used as a sign of certainty or
stability. "All the promises of God in him are yea, and in him Amen."
2 Cor. i. 20.

YEAD
Yead, v. i.

Defn: Properly, a variant of the defective imperfect yode, but
sometimes mistaken for a present. See the Note under Yede. [Obs.]
Years yead away and faces fair deflower. Drant.

YEAN
Yean, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Yeaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Yeaning.]
Etym: [AS. eánian, or geeánian; perhaps akin to E. ewe, or perhaps to
L. agnus, Gr. Ean.]

Defn: To bring forth young, as a goat or a sheep; to ean. Shak.

YEANLING
Yean"ling, n. Etym: [Yean + -ling. Cf. Eanling.]

Defn: A lamb or a kid; an eanling. Shak.

YEAR
Year, n. Etym: [OE. yer, yeer, ýer, AS. geár; akin to OFries. i, g,
D. jaar, OHG. jar, G. jahr, Icel. ar, Dan. aar, Sw. år, Goth. j, Gr.
yare year. sq. root4, 279. Cf. Hour, Yore.]

1. The time of the apparent revolution of the sun trough the
ecliptic; the period occupied by the earth in making its revolution
around the sun, called the astronomical year; also, a period more or
less nearly agreeing with this, adopted by various nations as a
measure of time, and called the civil year; as, the common lunar year
of 354 days, still in use among the Mohammedans; the year of 360
days, etc. In common usage, the year consists of 365 days, and every
fourth year (called bissextile, or leap year) of 366 days, a day
being added to February on that year, on account of the excess above
365 days (see Bissextile).
Of twenty year of age he was, I guess. Chaucer.

Note: The civil, or legal, year, in England, formerly commenced on
the 25th of March. This practice continued throughout the British
dominions till the year 1752.

2. The time in which any planet completes a revolution about the sun;
as, the year of Jupiter or of Saturn.

3. pl.

Defn: Age, or old age; as, a man in years. Shak. Anomalistic year,
the time of the earth's revolution from perihelion to perihelion
again, which is 365 days, 6 hours, 13 minutes, and 48 seconds.
 -- A year's mind (Eccl.), a commemoration of a deceased person, as
by a Mass, a year after his death. Cf. A month's mind, under Month.
 -- Bissextile year. See Bissextile.
 -- Canicular year. See under Canicular.
 -- Civil year, the year adopted by any nation for the computation of
time.
 -- Common lunar year, the period of 12 lunar months, or 354 days.
 -- Common year, each year of 365 days, as distinguished from leap
year.
 -- Embolismic year, or Intercalary lunar year, the period of 13
lunar months, or 384 days.
 -- Fiscal year (Com.), the year by which accounts are reckoned, or
the year between one annual time of settlement, or balancing of
accounts, and another.
 -- Great year. See Platonic year, under Platonic.
 -- Gregorian year, Julian year. See under Gregorian, and Julian.
 -- Leap year. See Leap year, in the Vocabulary.
 -- Lunar astronomical year, the period of 12 lunar synodical months,
or 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, 36 seconds.
 -- Lunisolar year. See under Lunisolar.
 -- Periodical year. See Anomalistic year, above.
 -- Platonic year, Sabbatical year. See under Platonic, and
Sabbatical.
 -- Sidereal year, the time in which the sun, departing from any
fixed star, returns to the same. This is 365 days, 6 hours, 9
minutes, and 9.3 seconds.
 -- Tropical year. See under Tropical.
 -- Year and a day (O. Eng. Law), a time to be allowed for an act or
an event, in order that an entire year might be secured beyond all
question. Abbott.
 -- Year of grace, any year of the Christian era; Anno Domini; A. D.
or a. d.

YEARA
Ye*a"ra, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The California poison oak (Rhus diversiloba). See under Poison,
a.

YEARBOOK
Year"book`, n.

1. A book published yearly; any annual report or summary of the
statistics or facts of a year, designed to be used as a reference
book; as, the Congregational Yearbook.

2. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A book containing annual reports of cases adjudged in the
courts of England.

Note: The Yearbooks are the oldest English reports extant, beginning
with the reign of Edward II., and ending with the reign of Henry
VIII. They were published annually, and derive their name from that
fact. They consist of eleven parts, or volumes, are written in Law
French, and extend over nearly two hundred years. There are, however,
several hiatuses, or chasms, in the series. Kent. Bouvier.

YEARED
Yeared, a.

Defn: Containing years; having existed or continued many years; aged.
[Obs.] B. Jonson.

YEARLING
Year"ling, n. Etym: [Year + -ling.]

Defn: An animal one year old, or in the second year of its age; --
applied chiefly to cattle, sheep, and horses.

YEARLING
Year"ling, a.

Defn: Being a year old. "A yearling bullock to thy name small smoke."
Pope.

YEARLY
Year"ly, a. Etym: [AS. geárlic.]

1. Happening, accruing, or coming every year; annual; as, a yearly
income; a yearly feast.

2. Lasting a year; as, a yearly plant.

3. Accomplished in a year; as, the yearly circuit, or revolution, of
the earth. Shak.

YEARLY
Year"ly, adv. Etym: [AS. geárlice.]

Defn: Annually; once a year to year; as, blessings yearly bestowed.
Yearly will I do this rite. Shak.

YEARN
Yearn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yearned; p. pr. & vb. n. Yearning.] Etym:
[Also earn, ern; probably a corruption of OE. ermen to grieve, AS.
ierman, yrman, or geierman, geyrman, fr. earm wretched, poor; akin to
D. & G. arm, Icel. armr, Goth. arms. The y- in English is perhaps due
to the AS. ge (see Y-).]

Defn: To pain; to grieve; to vex. [Obs.] "She laments, sir, for it,
that it would yearn your heart to see it." Shak.
It yearns me not if men my garments wear. Shak.

YEARN
Yearn, v. i.

Defn: To be pained or distressed; to grieve; to mourn. [Obs.]
"Falstaff he is dead, and we must yearn therefore." Shak.

YEARN
Yearn, v. i. & t. Etym: [See Yearnings.]

Defn: To curdle, as milk. [Scot.]

YEARN
Yearn, v. i. Etym: [OE. yernen, , , AS. geornian, gyrnan, fr. georn
desirous, eager; akin to OS. gern desirous, girnean, gernean, to
desire, D. gaarne gladly, willingly, G. gern, OHG. gerno, adv., gern,
a., G. gier greed, OHG. giri greed, ger desirous, ger to desire, G.
begehren, Icel. girna to desire, gjarn eager, Goth. faíhugaírns
covetous, gaírnjan to desire, and perhaps to Gr. hary to desire, to
like.

Defn: To be filled with longing desire; to be harassed or rendered
uneasy with longing, or feeling the want of a thing; to strain with
emotions of affection or tenderness; to long; to be eager.
Joseph made haste; for his bowels did yearn upon his brother; and he
sought where to weep. Gen. xliii. 30.
Your mother's heart yearns towards you. Addison.

YEARNFUL
Yearn"ful, a. Etym: [OE. , AS. geornfull.]

Defn: Desirous. [Obs.] Ormulum. P. Fletcher.

YEARNINGLY
Yearn"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With yearning.

YEARNINGS
Yearn"ings, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. AS. geirnan, geyrnan, to rum. See 4th
Earn.]

Defn: The maws, or stomachs, of young calves, used a rennet for
curdling milk. [Scot.]

YEAR'S PURCHASE
Year's purchase.

Defn: The amount that is yielded by the annual income of property; --
used in expressing the value of a thing in the number of years
required for its income to yield its purchase price, in reckoning the
amount to be paid for annuities, etc.

YEARTH
Yearth, n.

Defn: The earth. [Obs.] "Is my son dead or hurt or on the yerthe
felled" Ld. Berners.

YEAST
Yeast, n. Etym: [OE. ýeest, ýest, AS. gist; akin to D. gest, gist, G.
gischt, gäscht, OHG. jesan, jerian, to ferment, G. gischen, gäschen,
gähren, Gr. zei^n to boil, Skr. yas. sq. root111.]

1. The foam, or troth (top yeast), or the sediment (bottom yeast), of
beer or other in fermentation, which contains the yeast plant or its
spores, and under certain conditions produces fermentation in
saccharine or farinaceous substances; a preparation used for raising
dough for bread or cakes, and making it light and puffy; barm;
ferment.

2. Spume, or foam, of water.
They melt thy yeast of waves, which mar Alike the Armada's pride, or
spoils of Trafalgar. Byron.

Defn: A form of fungus which grows as indvidual rounded cells, rather
than in a mycelium, and reproduces by budding; esp. members of the
orders Endomycetales and Moniliales. Some fungi may grow both as a
yeast or as a mycelium, depending on the conditions of growth. Yeast
cake, a mealy cake impregnated with the live germs of the yeast
plant, and used as a conveniently transportable substitute for yeast.
 -- Yeast plant (Bot.), the vegetable organism, or fungus, of which
beer yeast consists. The yeast plant is composed of simple cells, or
granules, about one three-thousandth of an inch in diameter, often
united into filaments which reproduce by budding, and under certain
circumstances by the formation of spores. The name is extended to
other ferments of the same genus. See Saccharomyces.
 -- Yeast powder, a baling powder, -- used instead of yeast in
leavening bread.

YEAST-BITTEN
Yeast"-bit`ten, a. (Brewing)

Defn: A term used of beer when the froth of the yeast has reëntered
the body of the beer.

YEASTINESS
Yeast"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being yeasty, or frothy.

YEASTY
Yeast"y, a.

Defn: Frothy; foamy; spumy, like yeast.

YEDDING
Yed"ding, n. Etym: [AS. geddung, gidding, giedding, from gieddian,
giddian, to sing, speak.]

Defn: The song of a minstrel; hence, any song. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YEDE
Yede, obs. imp.

Defn: Went. See Yode.
All as he bade fulfilled was indeed This ilke servant anon right out
yede. Chaucer.

Note: Spenser and some later writers mistook this for a present of
the defective imperfect yode. It is, however, only a variant of yode.
See Yode, and cf. Yead.
[He] on foot was forced for to yeed. Spenser

YEEL
Yeel, n.

Defn: An eel. [Obs.] Holland.

YELDHALL
Yeld"hall`, n.

Defn: Guildhall. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YELDRIN; YELDRINE
Yel"drin or; Yel"drine, n. Etym: [Cf. Yellow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yellow-hammer; -- called also yeldrock, and yoldrin. [Prov.
Eng.]

YELK
Yelk, n.

Defn: Same as Yolk.

YELL
Yell, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Yelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Yelling.] Etym:
[OE. yellen, , AS. giellan, gillan, gyllan; akin to D. gillen, OHG.
gellan, G. gellen, Icel. gjalla, Sw. gälla to ring, resound, and to
AS., OS., & OHG. galan to sing, Icel. gala. Cf. 1st Gale, and
Nightingale.]

Defn: To cry out, or shriek, with a hideous noise; to cry or scream
as with agony or horror.
They yelleden as feendes doon in helle. Chaucer.
Nor the night raven, that still deadly yells. Spenser.
Infernal ghosts and hellish furies round Environed thee; some howled,
some yelled. Milton.

YELL
Yell, v. t.

Defn: To utter or declare with a yell; to proclaim in a loud tone.
Shak.

YELL
Yell, n.

Defn: A sharp, loud, hideous outcry.
Their hideous yells Rend the dark welkin. J. Philips.

YELLOW
Yel"low, a. [Compar. Yellower; superl. Yellowest.] Etym: [OE. yelow,
yelwe, ýelow, ýeoluw, from AS. geolu; akin to D. geel, OS. & OHG.
gelo, G. gelb, Icel. gulr, Sw. gul, Dan. guul, L. helvus light bay,
Gr. hari tawny, yellowish. Chlorine, Gall a bitter liquid, Gold,
Yolk.]

Defn: Being of a bright saffronlike color; of the color of gold or
brass; having the hue of that part of the rainbow, or of the solar
spectrum, which is between the orange and the green.
Her yellow hair was browded [braided] in a tress. Chaucer.
A sweaty reaper from his tillage brought First fruits, the green ear
and the yellow sheaf. Milton.
The line of yellow light dies fast away. Keble.
Yellow atrophy (Med.), a fatal affection of the liver, in which it
undergoes fatty degeneration, and becomes rapidly smaller and of a
deep yellow tinge. The marked symptoms are black vomit, delirium,
convulsions, coma, and jaundice.
 -- Yellow bark, calisaya bark.
 -- Yellow bass (Zoöl.), a North American fresh-water bass (Morone
interrupta) native of the lower parts of the Mississippi and its
tributaries. It is yellow, with several more or less broken black
stripes or bars. Called also barfish.
 -- Yellow berry. (Bot.) Same as Persian berry, under Persian.
 -- Yellow boy, a gold coin, as a guinea. [Slang] Arbuthnot.
 -- Yellow brier. (Bot.) See under Brier.
 -- Yellow bugle (Bot.), a European labiate plant (Ajuga Chamæpitys).
 -- Yellow bunting (Zoöl.), the European yellow-hammer.
 -- Yellow cat (Zoöl.), a yellow catfish; especially, the bashaw.
 -- Yellow copperas (Min.), a hydrous sulphate of iron; -- called
also copiapite.
 -- Yellow copper ore, a sulphide of copper and iron; copper pyrites.
See Chalcopyrite.
 -- Yellow cress (Bot.), a yellow-flowered, cruciferous plant
(Barbarea præcox), sometimes grown as a salad plant.
 -- Yellow dock. (Bot.) See the Note under Dock.
 -- Yellow earth, a yellowish clay, colored by iron, sometimes used
as a yellow pigment.
 -- Yellow fever (Med.), a malignant, contagious, febrile disease of
warm climates, attended with jaundice, producing a yellow color of
the skin, and with the black vomit. See Black vomit, in the
Vocabulary.
 -- Yellow flag, the quarantine flag. See under Quarantine, and 3d
Flag.
 -- Yellow jack. (a) The yellow fever. See under 2d Jack. (b) The
quarantine flag. See under Quarantine.
 -- Yellow jacket (Zoöl.), any one of several species of American
social wasps of the genus Vespa, in which the color of the body is
partly bright yellow. These wasps are noted for their irritability,
and for their painful stings.
 -- Yellow lead ore (Min.), wulfenite.
 -- Yellow lemur (Zoöl.), the kinkajou.
 -- Yellow macauco (Zoöl.), the kinkajou.
 -- Yellow mackerel (Zoöl.), the jurel.
 -- Yellow metal. Same as Muntz metal, under Metal.
 -- Yellow ocher (Min.), an impure, earthy variety of brown iron ore,
which is used as a pigment.
 -- Yellow oxeye (Bot.), a yellow-flowered plant (Chrysanthemum
segetum) closely related to the oxeye daisy.
 -- Yellow perch (Zoöl.), the common American perch. See Perch.
 -- Yellow pike (Zoöl.), the wall-eye.
 -- Yellow pine (Bot.), any of several kinds of pine; also, their
yellowish and generally durable timber. Among the most common are
valuable species are Pinus mitis and P. palustris of the Eastern and
Southern States, and P. ponderosa and P. Arizonica of the Rocky
Mountains and Pacific States.
 -- Yellow plover (Zoöl.), the golden plover.
 -- Yellow precipitate (Med. Chem.), an oxide of mercury which is
thrown down as an amorphous yellow powder on adding corrosive
sublimate to limewater.
 -- Yellow puccoon. (Bot.) Same as Orangeroot.
 -- Yellow rail (Zoöl.), a small American rail (Porzana
Noveboracensis) in which the lower parts are dull yellow, darkest on
the breast. The back is streaked with brownish yellow and with black,
and spotted with white. Called also yellow crake.
 -- Yellow rattle, Yellow rocket. (Bot.) See under Rattle, and
Rocket.
 -- Yellow Sally (Zoöl.), a greenish or yellowish European stone fly
of the genus Chloroperla; -- so called by anglers.
 -- Yellow sculpin (Zoöl.), the dragonet.
 -- Yellow snake (Zoöl.), a West Indian boa (Chilobothrus inornatus)
common in Jamaica. It becomes from eight to ten long. The body is
yellowish or yellowish green, mixed with black, and anteriorly with
black lines.
 -- Yellow spot. (a) (Anat.) A small yellowish spot with a central
pit, the fovea centralis, in the center of the retina where vision is
most accurate. See Eye. (b) (Zoöl.) A small American butterfly
(Polites Peckius) of the Skipper family. Its wings are brownish, with
a large, irregular, bright yellow spot on each of the hind wings,
most conspicuous beneath. Called also Peck's skipper. See Illust.
under Skipper, n., 5.
 -- Yellow tit (Zoöl.), any one of several species of crested titmice
of the genus Machlolophus, native of India. The predominating colors
of the plumage are yellow and green.
 -- Yellow viper (Zoöl.), the fer-de-lance.
 -- Yellow warbler (Zoöl.), any one of several species of American
warblers of the genus Dendroica in which the predominant color is
yellow, especially D. æstiva, which is a very abundant and familiar
species; -- called also garden warbler, golden warbler, summer
yellowbird, summer warbler, and yellow-poll warbler.
 -- Yellow wash (Pharm.), yellow oxide of mercury suspended in water,
-- a mixture prepared by adding corrosive sublimate to limewater.
 -- Yellow wren (Zoöl.) (a) The European willow warbler. (b) The
European wood warbler.

YELLOW
Yel"low, n.

1. A bright golden color, reflecting more light than any other except
white; the color of that part of the spectrum which is between the
orange and green. "A long motley coat guarded with yellow." Shak.

2. A yellow pigment. Cadmium yellow, Chrome yellow, Indigo yellow,
King's yellow, etc. See under Cadmium, Chrome, etc.
 -- Naples yellow, a yellow amorphous pigment, used in oil,
porcelain, and enamel painting, consisting of a basic lead
metantimonate, obtained by fusing together tartar emetic lead
nitrate, and common salt.
 -- Patent yellow (Old Chem.), a yellow pigment consisting
essentially of a lead oxychloride; -- called also Turner's yellow.

YELLOW
Yel"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yellowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Yellowing.]

Defn: To make yellow; to cause to have a yellow tinge or color; to
dye yellow.

YELLOW
Yel"low, v. i.

Defn: To become yellow or yellower.

YELLOWAMMER
Yel"low*am`mer, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Yellow-hammer.

YELLOWBILL
Yel"low*bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American scoter.

YELLOWBIRD
Yel"low*bird`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) The American goldfinch, or thistle bird. See Goldfinch.
(b) The common yellow warbler; -- called also summer yellowbird. See
Illust. of Yellow warbler, under Yellow, a.

YELLOW BOOK
Yellow Book. [F. livre jaune.]

Defn: In France, an official government publication bound in yellow
covers.

YELLOW-COVERED
Yel"low-cov`ered, a.

Defn: Covered or bound in yellow paper. Yellow-covered literature,
cheap sensational novels and trashy magazines; -- formerly so called
from the usual color of their covers. [Colloq. U. S.] Bartlett.

YELLOW-EYED
Yel"low-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having yellow eyes. Yellow-eyed grass (Bot.), any plant of the
genus Xyris.

YELLOWFIN
Yel"low*fin`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large squeteague.

YELLOWFISH
Yel"low*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rock trout (Pleurogrammus monopterygius) found on the coast
of Alaska; -- called also striped fish, and Atka mackerel.

YELLOW-GOLDS
Yel"low-golds`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A certain plant, probably the yellow oxeye. B. Jonson.

YELLOWHAMMER
Yel"low*ham`mer, n. Etym: [For yellow-ammer, where ammer is fr. AS.
amore a kind of bird; akin to G. ammer a yellow-hammer, OHG. amero.]
(Zoöl.)
(a) A common European finch (Emberiza citrinella). The color of the
male is bright yellow on the breast, neck, and sides of the head,
with the back yellow and brown, and the top of the head and the tail
quills blackish. Called also yellow bunting, scribbling lark, and
writing lark. [Written also yellow-ammer.]
(b) The flicker. [Local, U. S.]

YELLOWING
Yel"low*ing, n.

Defn: The act or process of making yellow.
Softened . . . by the yellowing which time has given. G. Eliot.

YELLOWISH
Yel"low*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat yellow; as, amber is of a yellowish color.
 -- Yel"low*ish*ness, n.

YELLOWLEGS
Yel"low*legs`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of long-legged sandpipers of the
genus Totanus, in which the legs are bright yellow; -- called also
stone snipe, tattler, telltale, yellowshanks; and yellowshins. See
Tattler, 2.

YELLOWNESS
Yel"low*ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being yellow; as, the yellowness of an
orange.

2. Jealousy. [Obs.]
I will possess him with yellowness. Shak.

YELLOWROOT
Yel"low*root`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several plants with yellow roots. Specifically:
(a) See Xanthorhiza.
(b) Same as Orangeroot.

YELLOWS
Yel"lows, n.

1. (Far.)

Defn: A disease of the bile in horses, cattle, and sheep, causing
yellowness of the eyes; jaundice.
His horse . . . sped with spavins, rayed with the yellows. Shak.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A disease of plants, esp. of peach trees, in which the leaves
turn to a yellowish color; jeterus.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of butterflies in which the predominating color is
yellow. It includes the common small yellow butterflies. Called also
redhorns, and sulphurs. See Sulphur.

YELLOWSEED
Yel"low*seed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of pepper grass (Lepidium campestre).

YELLOWSHANKS; YELLOWSHINS
Yel"low*shanks`, Yel"low*shins`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Yellolegs.

YELLOWTAIL
Yel"low*tail`, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of several species of marine carangoid fishes of the
genus Seriola; especially, the large California species (S. dorsalis)
which sometimes weighs thirty or forty pounds, and is highly esteemed
as a food fish; -- called also cavasina, and white salmon.
(b) The mademoiselle, or silver perch.
(c) The menhaden.
(d) The runner, 12.
(e) A California rockfish (Sebastodes flavidus).
(f) The sailor's choice (Diplodus rhomboides).

Note: Several other fishes are also locally called yellowtail.

YELLOWTHROAT
Yel"low*throat`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of American ground warblers of the
genus Geothlypis, esp. the Maryland yellowthroat (G. trichas), which
is a very common species.

YELLOWTOP
Yel"low*top`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of grass, perhaps a species of Agrostis.

YELLOWWOOD
Yel"low*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The wood of any one of several different kinds of trees; also,
any one of the trees themselves. Among the trees so called are the
Cladrastis tinctoria, an American leguminous tree; the several
species of prickly ash (Xanthoxylum); the Australian Flindersia
Oxleyana, a tree related to the mahogany; certain South African
species of Podocarpus, trees related to the yew; the East Indian
Podocarpus latifolia; and the true satinwood (Chloroxylon Swietenia).
All these Old World trees furnish valuable timber.

YELLOWWORT
Yel"low*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A European yellow-flowered, gentianaceous (Chlora perfoliata).
The whole plant is intensely bitter, and is sometimes used as a
tonic, and also in dyeing yellow.

YELP
Yelp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Yelped; p. pr. & vb. n. Yelping.] Etym:
[OE. yelpen, , to boast, boast noisily, AS. gielpan, gilpan, gylpan;
akin to OHG. gelph arrogant: cf. Icel. gjalpa to yelp. Cf. Yap.]

1. To boast. [Obs.]
I keep [care] not of armes for to yelpe. Chaucer.

2. To utter a sharp, quick cry, as a hound; to bark shrilly with
eagerness, pain, or fear; to yaup.
A little herd of England's timorous deer, Mazed with a yelping kennel
of French curs Shak.
At the least flourish of a broomstick or ladle, he would fly to the
door with a yelping precipitation. W. Irving.

YELP
Yelp, n.

Defn: A sharp, quick cry; a bark. Chaucer.

YELPER
Yelp"er, n.

Defn: An animal that yelps, or makes a yelping noise. Specifically:
(Zoöl.)
(a) The avocet; -- so called from its sharp, shrill cry. [Prov. Eng.]
(b) The tattler. [Local, U. S.]

YELTING
Yel"ting, n. [Orig. uncert.]

Defn: The Florida and West Indian red snapper (Lutianus aya); also,
sometimes, one of certain other allied species, as L. caxis.

YEMAN
Ye"man, n.

Defn: A yeoman. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YEN
Yen, n.

Defn: The unit of value and account in Japan. Since Japan's adoption
of the gold standard, in 1897, the value of the yen has been about 50
cents. The yen is equal to 100 sen.

YEND
Yend, v. t.

Defn: To throw; to cast. [Prov. Eng.]

YENITE
Ye"nite, n. Etym: [After Jena, in Germany.] (Min.)

Defn: A silicate of iron and lime occurring in black prismatic
crystals; -- also called ilvaite. [Spelt also jenite.]

YEOMAN
Yeo"man, n.; pl. Yeomen. Etym: [OE. yoman, ýeman, ýoman; of uncertain
origin; perhaps the first, syllable is akin to OFries. ga district,
region, G. gau, OHG. gewi, gouwi, Goth. gawi. sq. root100.]

1. A common man, or one of the commonly of the first or most
respectable class; a freeholder; a man free born.

Note: A yeoman in England is considered as next in order to the
gentry. The word is little used in the United States, unless as a
title in law proceedings and instruments, designating occupation, and
this only in particular States.

2. A servant; a retainer. [Obs.]
A yeman hadde he and servants no mo. Chaucer.

3. A yeoman of the guard; also, a member of the yeomanry cavalry.
[Eng.]

4. (Naut.)

Defn: An interior officer under the boatswain, gunner, or carpenters,
charged with the stowage, account, and distribution of the stores.
Yeoman of the guard, one of the bodyguard of the English sovereign,
consisting of the hundred yeomen, armed with partisans, and habited
in the costume of the sixteenth century. They are members of the
royal household.

YEOMANLIKE
Yeo"man*like`, a.

Defn: Resembling, or suitable to, a yeoman; yeomanly.

YEOMANLY
Yeo"man*ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a yeoman; becoming or suitable to, a yeoman;
yeomanlike. B. Jonson.
Well could he dress his tackle yeomanly. Chaucer.

YEOMANRY
Yeo"man*ry, n.

1. The position or rank of a yeoman. [Obs.] "His estate of yeomanry."
Chaucer.

2. The collective body of yeomen, or freeholders.
The enfranchised yeomanry began to feel an instinct for dominion.
Bancroft.

3. The yeomanry cavalry. [Eng.] Yeomanry cavalry, certain bodies of
volunteer cavalry liable to service in Great Britain only. [Eng.]

YEORLING
Yeor"ling, n. Etym: [Cf. Yellow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European yellow-hammer.

YER
Yer, prep.

Defn: Ere; before. [Obs.] Sylvester.

YERBA
Yer"ba, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Bot.)

Defn: An herb; a plant.

Note: This word is much used in compound names of plants in Spanish;
as, yerba buena Etym: [Sp., a good herb], a name applied in Spain to
several kinds of mint (Mentha sativa, viridis, etc.), but in
California universally applied to a common, sweet-scented labiate
plant (Micromeria Douglasii). Yerba dol osa. Etym: [Sp., herb of the
she-bear.] A kind of buckthorn (Rhamnus Californica).
 -- Yerba mansa. Etym: [Sp., a mild herb, soft herb.] A plant
(Anemopsis Californica) with a pungent, aromatic rootstock, used
medicinally by the Mexicans and the Indians.
 -- Yerba reuma. Etym: [Cf. Sp. reuma rheum, rheumatism.] A low
California undershrub (Frankenia grandifolia).

YERD
Yerd, n.

Defn: See 1st & 2d Yard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YERK
Yerk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yerked; p. pr. & vb. n. Yerking.] Etym:
[See Yerk.]

1. To throw or thrust with a sudden, smart movement; to kick or
strike suddenly; to jerk.
Their wounded steeds . . . Yerk out their armed heels at their dead
masters. Shak.

2. To strike or lash with a whip. [Obs. or Scot.]

YERK
Yerk, v. i.

1. To throw out the heels; to kick; to jerk.
They flirt, they yerk, they backward . . . fling. Drayton.

2. To move a quick, jerking motion.

YERK
Yerk, n.

Defn: A sudden or quick thrust or motion; a jerk.

YERN
Yern, v. i.

Defn: See 3d Yearn. [Obs.]

YERN
Yern, a. Etym: [OE. ýern, ýeorne, AS. georn desirous, eager. See
Yearn to long.]

Defn: Eager; brisk; quick; active. [Obs.] "Her song . . . loud and
yern." Chaucer.

YERNE
Yerne, adv. Etym: [OE. ýeorne. See Yern, a.]

Defn: Eagerly; briskly; quickly. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
My hands and my tongue go so yerne. Chaucer.

YERNUT
Yer"nut`, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. jordnöd, Sw. jordnöt, earthnut. Cf.
Jarnut.]

Defn: An earthnut, or groundnut. See Groundnut (d). [Written also
yarnut.]

YERST
Yerst, adv.

Defn: See Erst. [Obs.] Sylvester.

YES
Yes, adv. Etym: [OE. yis, ýis, ýes, ýise, AS. gese, gise; probably
fr. geá yea + swa so. sq. root188. See Yea, and So.]

Defn: Ay; yea; -- a word which expresses affirmation or consent; --
opposed to Ant: no.

Note: Yes is used, like yea, to enforce, by repetition or addition,
something which precedes; as, you have done all this -- yes, you have
done more. "Yes, you despise the man books confined." Pope.

Note: "The fine distinction between `yea' and `yes,' `nay' and `no,'
that once existed in English, has quite disappeared. `Yea' and `nay'
in Wyclif's time, and a good deal later, were the answers to
questions framed in the affirmative. `Will he come' To this it would
have been replied, `Yea' or `Nay', as the case might be. But, `Will
he not come' To this the answer would have been `Yes' or `No.' Sir
Thomas More finds fault with Tyndale, that in his translation of the
Bible he had not observed this distinction, which was evidently
therefore going out even then, that is, in the reign of Henry VIII.;
and shortly after it was quite forgotten." Trench.

YEST
Yest, n.

Defn: See Yeast. Shak.

YESTER
Yes"ter, a. Etym: [See Yesterday.]

Defn: Last; last past; next before; of or pertaining to yesterday.
[An enemy] whom yester sun beheld Mustering her charms. Dryden.

Note: This word is now seldom used except in a few compounds; as,
yesterday, yesternight, etc.

YESTERDAY
Yes"ter*day, n. Etym: [OE. ýisterdai, AS. geostran dæg, from
geostran, geostra, giestran, gistran, gystran, yesterday (akin to D.
gisteren, G. gestern, OHG. gestaron, Icel. gær yesterday, to-morrow,
Goth. gistradagis to-morrow, L. heri yesterday, Gr. hyas) + dæg day.
Cf. Hestern.

1. The day last past; the day next before the present.
All our yesterdays have lighted fools The way to dusty death. Shak.
We are but of yesterday, and know nothing. Job viii. 9.

2. Fig.: A recent time; time not long past.
The proudest royal houses are but of yesterday, when compared with
the line of supreme pontiffs. Macaulay.

YESTERDAY
Yes"ter*day, adv.

Defn: On the day last past; on the day preceding to-day; as, the
affair took place yesterday.

YESTEREVE; YESTER-EVENING
Yes"ter*eve`, Yes"ter-e`ven*ing, n.

Defn: The evening of yesterday; the evening last past.

YESTERMORN; YESTER-MORNING
Yes"ter*morn`, Yes"ter-morn`ing, n.

Defn: The morning of yesterday. Coleridge.

YESTERN
Yes"tern, a. Etym: [See Yester.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to yesterday; relating to the day last past.

YESTERNIGHT
Yes"ter*night`, n.

Defn: The last night; the night last past.

YESTERNIGHT
Yes"ter*night`, adv. Etym: [AS. gystran niht. See Yesterday.]

Defn: On the last night. B. Jonson.

YESTERNOON
Yes"ter*noon`, n.

Defn: The noon of yesterday; the noon last past.

YESTERWEEK
Yes"ter*week`, n.

Defn: The week last past; last week.

YESTERYEAR
Yes"ter*year`, n.

Defn: The year last past; last year.

YESTREEN
Yes`treen", n.

Defn: Yester-evening; yesternight; last night. [R. or Scot.]
Yestreen I did not know How largely I could live. Bp. Coxe.

YESTY
Yest"y, a.

Defn: See Yeasty. Shak.

YET
Yet, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large marine gastropods belonging
to the genus Yetus, or Cymba; a boat shell.

YET
Yet, adv. Etym: [OE. yet, ýet, ýit, AS. git, gyt, giet, gieta; akin
to OFries. ieta, eta, ita, MHG. iezuo, ieze, now, G. jetzo, jetzt.]

1. In addition; further; besides; over and above; still. "A little
longer; yet a little longer." Dryden.
This furnishes us with yet one more reason why our savior, lays such
a particular stress acts of mercy. Atterbury.
The rapine is made yet blacker by the pretense of piety and justice.
L'Estrange.

2. At the same time; by continuance from a former state; still.
Facts they had heard while they were yet heathens. Addison.

3. Up to the present time; thus far; hitherto; until now; -- and with
the negative, not yet, not up to the present time; not as soon as
now; as, Is it time to go Not yet. See As yet, under As, conj.
Ne never yet no villainy ne said. Chaucer.

4. Before some future time; before the end; eventually; in time. "He
'll be hanged yet." Shak.

5. Even; -- used emphatically.
Men may not too rashly believe the confessions of witches, nor yet
the evidence against them. Bacon.

YET
Yet, conj.

Defn: Nevertheless; notwithstanding; however.
Yet I say unto you, That even Solomon in all his glory was not
arrayed like one of these. Matt. vi. 29.

Syn.
 -- See However.

YEVE
Yeve, v. i.

Defn: To give. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YEVEN
Yev"en, p. p.

Defn: Given. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YEW
Yew, v. i.

Defn: See Yaw.

YEW
Yew, n. Etym: [OE. ew, AS. eów, iw, eoh; akin to D. ijf, OHG. iwa,
iha, G. eibe, Icel. ; cf. Ir. iubhar, Gael. iubhar, iughar, W. yw,
ywen, Lith. jëva the black alder tree.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen tree (Taxus baccata) of Europe, allied to the
pines, but having a peculiar berrylike fruit instead of a cone. It
frequently grows in British churchyards.

2. The wood of the yew. It is light red in color, compact, fine-
grained, and very elastic. It is preferred to all other kinds of wood
for bows and whipstocks, the best for these purposes coming from
Spain.

Note: The American yew (Taxus baccata, var. Canadensis) is a low and
straggling or prostrate bush, never forming an erect trunk. The
California yew (Taxus brevifolia) is a good-sized tree, and its wood
is used for bows, spear handles, paddles, and other similar
implements. Another yew is found in Florida, and there are species in
Japan and the Himalayas.

3. A bow for shooting, made of the yew.

YEW
Yew (u), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to yew trees; made of the wood of a yew tree;
as, a yew whipstock.

YEWEN
Yew"en, a.

Defn: Made of yew; as, yewen bows.

YEX
Yex, v. i. Etym: [OE. ýexen, yesken, AS. giscian to sob.]

Defn: To hiccough. [Written also yox, yux.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
He yexeth and he speaketh through the nose. Chaucer.

YEX
Yex, n. Etym: [AS. geocsa a sobbing, hiccough. Cf. Yex, v. i.]

Defn: A hiccough. [Written also yox, and yux.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
"The excessive yex." Holland.

YEZDEGERDIAN
Yez`de*ger"di*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Yezdegerd, the last Sassanian monarch of
Persia, who was overthrown by the Mohammedans; as, the Yezdegerdian
era, which began on the 16th of June, a. d. 632. The era is still
used by the Parsees.

YEZDI
Yez"di, n.

Defn: Same as Izedi. Taylor.

YEZIDEE; YEZIDI
Yez"i*dee, Yez"i*di, n.

Defn: Same as Izedi.

YFERE
Y*fere", adv.

Defn: Together. See Ifere. [Obs.]
As friends do when they be met yfere. Chaucer.

YGDRASYL
Yg"dra*syl, n. (Scand. Myth.)

Defn: See in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.

YGHE
Y"ghe, n.

Defn: Eye. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YGO
Y*go", obs. p. p. of Go.

Defn: Gone. Chaucer.

YGROUND
Y*ground", obs.

Defn: p. p. of Grind. Chaucer.

YHOLDE
Y*hold"e, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Hold. Chaucer.

YID
Yid, n. [See Yiddish.]

Defn: A Jew. [Slang or Colloq.] "Almost any young Yid who goes out
from among her people."  John Corbin.

YIDDISH
Yid"dish, n. [G. jüdisch, prop., Jewish, fr. Jude Jew. See Jew,
Jewish.]

Defn: A language used by German and other Jews, being a Middle German
dialect developed under Hebrew and Slavic influence. It is written in
Hebrew characters.

YIDDISHER
Yid"dish*er, n. [See Yiddish.]

Defn: A Yid. [Slang]

YIELD
Yield, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yielded; obs. p. p. Yold; p. pr. & vb. n.
Yielding.] Etym: [OE. yelden, ýelden, ýilden, AS. gieldan, gildan, to
pay, give, restore, make an offering; akin to OFries. jelda, OS.
geldan, D. gelden to cost, to be worth, G. gelten, OHG. geltan to
pay, restore, make an offering, be worth, Icel. gjalda to pay, give
up, Dan. gielde to be worth, Sw. gälla to be worth, gälda to pay,
Goth. gildan in fragildan, usgildan. Cf. 1st Geld, Guild.]

1. To give in return for labor expended; to produce, as payment or
interest on what is expended or invested; to pay; as, money at
interest yields six or seven per cent.
To yelde Jesu Christ his proper rent. Chaucer.
When thou tillest the ground, it shall not henceforth yield unto thee
her strength. Gen. iv. 12.

2. To furnish; to afford; to render; to give forth. "Vines yield
nectar." Milton.
[He] makes milch kine yield blood. Shak.
The wilderness yieldeth food for them and for their children. Job
xxiv. 5.

3. To give up, as something that is claimed or demanded; to make over
to one who has a claim or right; to resign; to surrender; to
relinquish; as a city, an opinion, etc.
And, force perforce, I'll make him yield the crown. Shak.
Shall yield up all their virtue, all their fame. Milton.

4. To admit to be true; to concede; to allow.
I yield it just, said Adam, and submit. Milton.

5. To permit; to grant; as, to yield passage.

6. To give a reward to; to bless. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Tend me to-night two hours, I ask no more, And the gods yield you for
't. Shak.
God yield thee, and God thank ye. Beau. & Fl.
To yield the breath, the ghost, or the life, to die; to expire; --
often followed by up.
One calmly yields his willing breath. Keble.

YIELD
Yield, v. i.

1. To give up the contest; to submit; to surrender; to succumb.
He saw the fainting Grecians yield. Dryden.

2. To comply with; to assent; as, I yielded to his request.

3. To give way; to cease opposition; to be no longer a hindrance or
an obstacle; as, men readily yield to the current of opinion, or to
customs; the door yielded.
Will ye relent, And yield to mercy while 't is offered you Shak.

4. To give place, as inferior in rank or excellence; as, they will
yield to us in nothing.
Nay tell me first, in what more happy fields The thistle springs, to
which the lily yields Pope.

YIELD
Yield, n.

Defn: Amount yielded; product; -- applied especially to products
resulting from growth or cultivation. "A goodly yield of fruit doth
bring." Bacon.

YIELDABLE
Yield"a*ble, a.

Defn: Disposed to yield or comply. [R.] -- Yield"a*ble*ness, n. [R.]
Bp. Hall.

YIELDANCE
Yield"ance, n.

1. The act of producing; yield; as, the yieldance of the earth. [R.]
Bp. Hall.

2. The act of yielding; concession. [R.] South.

YIELDER
Yield"er, n.

Defn: One who yields. Shak.

YIELDING
Yield"ing, a.

Defn: Inclined to give way, or comply; flexible; compliant;
accommodating; as, a yielding temper. Yielding and paying (Law), the
initial words of that clause in leases in which the rent to be paid
by the lessee is mentioned and reserved. Burrill.

Syn.
 -- Obsequious; attentive.
 -- Yielding, Obsequious, Attentive. In many cases a man may be
attentive or yielding in a high degree without any sacrifice of his
dignity; but he who is obsequious seeks to gain favor by excessive
and mean compliances for some selfish end.
 -- Yield"ing*ly, adv.
 -- Yield"ing*ness, n.

YIELDLESS
Yield"less, a.

Defn: Without yielding; unyielding. [Obs.]

YIFT
Yift, n.

Defn: Gift. [Obs.] "Great yiftes." Chaucer.

YIN
Yin, n.

Defn: A Chinese weight of 2

YIS
Yis, adv.

Defn: Yes. [Obs.]
"Yis, sir," quod he, "yis, host." Chaucer.

YIT
Yit, conj.

Defn: Yet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YITE
Yite, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European yellow-hammer.

YIVE
Yive, v. t. & i.

Defn: To give. [Obs.] Chaucer.

-YL
-yl. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A suffix used as a characteristic termination of chemical
radicals; as in ethyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl, etc.

Note: -yl was first used in 1832 by Liebig and Wöhler in naming
benzoyl, in the sense of stuff, or fundamental material, then in 1834
by Dumas and Peligot in naming methyl, in the sense of wood. After
this -yl was generally used as in benzoyl, in the sense of stuff,
characteristic ground, fundamental material.

YLANG-YLANG
Y*lang`-y*lang", n.

Defn: See Ihlang-ihlang.

YLE
Yle, n.

Defn: Isle. [Obs.] "The barren yle." Chaucer.

Y LEVEL
Y" lev`el. (Surv.)

Defn: See under Y, n.

YLICHE; YLIKE
Y*liche", Y*like", a. & adv.

Defn: Like; alike. [Obs.] "All . . . yliche good." Chaucer.

YLLANRATON
Yl`lan*ra*ton", n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The agouara.

YMAKED
Y*mak"ed, obs. p. p. of Make.

Defn: Made.

YMEL
Y*mel", prep. Etym: [OE. ymel, imelle, of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. i
milli, i millum (properly, in the middle, fr. mi, me, middle, akin to
E. middle), Dan. imellem, Sw. emellan. See In, and Middle.]

Defn: Among. [Obs.] "Ymel them all." Chaucer.

YNAMBU
Y*nam"bu, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens); -- called also
perdiz grande, and rufous tinamou. See Illust. of Tinamou.

YNOUGH; YNOW
Y*nough", Y*now", a. Etym: [See Enough.]

Defn: Enough. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YOCKEL
Yock"el, n. Etym: [Cf. Yokel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yaffle.

YODE
Yode, obs. imp. of Go. Etym: [OE. yode, yede, , , eode, AS. eóde,
used as the imp. of gan to go; akin to Goth. iddja I, he, went, L.
ire to go, Gr. i, ya. Issue.]

Defn: Went; walked; proceeded. [Written also yede.] See Yede.
Quer [whether] they rade [rode] or yoke. Cursor Mundi.
Then into Cornhill anon I yode. Lydgate.

YODEL; YODLE
Yo"del, Yo"dle, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Yodeled, Yodled; p. pr. &
vb. n. Yodeling, Yodling.] Etym: [G. jodeln.]

Defn: To sing in a manner common among the Swiss and Tyrolese
mountaineers, by suddenly changing from the head voice, or falsetto,
to the chest voice, and the contrary; to warble.

YODEL; YODLE
Yo"del, Yo"dle, n.

Defn: A song sung by yodeling, as by the Swiss mountaineers.

YODLER
Yo"dler, n.

Defn: One who yodels.

YOGA
Yo"ga, n. Etym: [Skr. yoga union.]

Defn: A species of asceticism among the Hindoos, which consists in a
complete abstraction from all worldly objects, by which the votary
expects to obtain union with the universal spirit, and to acquire
superhuman faculties.

YOGI
Yo"gi, n. Etym: [Skr. yogin.]

Defn: A follower of the yoga philosophy; an ascetic. [Spelt also
yokin.] Whitworth.

YOGISM
Yo"gism, n.

Defn: Yoga, or its practice.

YOICKS
Yo"icks, interj. (Hunting)

Defn: A cry of encouragement to foxhounds.

YOIT
Yoit, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European yellow-hammer. [Prov. Eng.]

YOJAN
Yo"jan, n. Etym: [Skr. y.]

Defn: A measure of distance, varying from four to ten miles, but
usually about five. [India] [Written also yojana.]

YOKE
Yoke, n. Etym: [OE. yok, , AS. geoc; akin to D. juk, OHG. joh, G.
joch, Icel. & Sw. ok, Dan. aag, Goth. juk, Lith. jungas, Russ. igo,
L. jugum, Gr. yuga, and to L. jungere to join, Gr. yui. Join, Jougs,
Joust, Jugular, Subjugate, Syzycy, Yuga, Zeugma.]

1. A bar or frame of wood by which two oxen are joined at the heads
or necks for working together.
A yearling bullock to thy name shall smoke, Untamed, unconscious of
the galling yoke. Pope.

Note: The modern yoke for oxen is usually a piece of timber hollowed,
or made curving, near each end, and laid on the necks of the oxen,
being secured in place by two bows, one inclosing each neck, and
fastened through the timber. In some countries the yoke consists of a
flat piece of wood fastened to the foreheads of the oxen by thongs
about the horns.

2. A frame or piece resembling a yoke, as in use or shape.
Specifically:
(a) A frame of wood fitted to a person's shoulders for carrying
pails, etc., suspended on each side; as, a milkmaid's yoke.
(b) A frame worn on the neck of an animal, as a cow, a pig, a goose,
to prevent passage through a fence.
(c) A frame or convex piece by which a bell is hung for ringing it.
See Illust. of Bell.
(d) A crosspiece upon the head of a boat's rudder. To its ends lines
are attached which lead forward so that the boat can be steered from
amidships.
(e) (Mach.) A bent crosspiece connecting two other parts.
(f) (Arch.) A tie securing two timbers together, not used for part of
a regular truss, but serving a temporary purpose, as to provide
against unusual strain.
(g) (Dressmaking) A band shaped to fit the shoulders or the hips, and
joined to the upper full edge of the waist or the skirt.

3. Fig.: That which connects or binds; a chain; a link; a bond
connection.
Boweth your neck under that blissful yoke . . . Which that men
clepeth spousal or wedlock. Chaucer.
This yoke of marriage from us both remove. Dryden.

4. A mark of servitude; hence, servitude; slavery; bondage; service.
Our country sinks beneath the yoke. Shak.
My yoke is easy, and my burden is light. Matt. xi. 30.

5. Two animals yoked together; a couple; a pair that work together.
I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I go to prove them. Luke xiv.
19.

6. The quantity of land plowed in a day by a yoke of oxen. [Obs.]
Gardner.

7. A portion of the working day; as, to work two yokes, that is, to
work both portions of the day, or morning and afternoon. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell. Neck yoke, Pig yoke. See under Neck, and Pig.
 -- Yoke elm (Bot.), the European hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus), a
small tree with tough white wood, often used for making yokes for
cattle.

YOKE
Yoke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yoked; p. pr. & vb. n. Yoking.]

1. To put a yoke on; to join in or with a yoke; as, to yoke oxen, or
pair of oxen.

2. To couple; to join with another. "Be ye not unequally yoked with
unbelievers." 2 Cor. vi. 14.
Cassius, you are yoked with a lamb. Shak.

3. To enslave; to bring into bondage; to restrain; to confine.
Then were they yoked with garrisons. Milton.
The words and promises that yoke The conqueror are quickly broke.
Hudibras.

YOKE
Yoke, v. i.

Defn: To be joined or associated; to be intimately connected; to
consort closely; to mate.
We 'll yoke together, like a double shadow. Shak.

YOKEAGE
Yoke"age, n.

Defn: See Rokeage. [Local, U. S.]

YOKEFELLOW
Yoke"fel`low, n. Etym: [Yoke + fellow.]

Defn: An associate or companion in, or as in; a mate; a fellow;
especially, a partner in marriage. Phil. iv. 3.
The two languages [English and French] became yokefellows in a still
more intimate manner. Earle.
Those who have most distinguished themselves by railing at the sex,
very often choose one of the most worthless for a companion and
yokefellow. Addison.

YOKEL
Yo"kel, n. Etym: [Perhaps from an AS. word akin to E. gawk.]

Defn: A country bumpkin. [Eng.] Dickens.

YOKELET
Yoke"let, n.

Defn: A small farm; -- so called as requiring but one yoke of oxen to
till it. [Prov. Eng.]

YOKEMATE
Yoke"mate`, n.

Defn: Same as Yokefellow.

YOKE-TOED
Yoke"-toed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having two toes in front and two behind, as the trogons and
woodpeckers.

YOLD
Yold, obs. p. p. of Yield.

Defn: Yielded. Spenser.

YOLDEN
Yold"en, obs. p. p. of Yield.

Defn: Yielded.

YOLK
Yolk, n. Etym: [OE. yolke, yelke, ýolke, ýelke, AS. geoloca, geoleca,
fr. geolu yellow. See Yellow.] [Written also yelk.]

1. The yellow part of an egg; the vitellus.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An oily secretion which naturally covers the wool of sheep.
Yolk cord (Zoöl.), a slender cord or duct which connects the yolk
glands with the egg chambers in certain insects, as in the aphids.
 -- Yolk gland (Zoöl.), a special organ which secretes the yolk of
the eggs in many turbellarians, and in some other invertebrates. See
Illust. of Hermaphrodite in Appendix.
 -- Yolk sack (Anat.), the umbilical vesicle. See under Unbilical.

YOLL
Yoll, v. i.

Defn: To yell. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YOM
Yom, n. [Heb. yom.]

Defn: Day; -- a Hebrew word used in the names of various Jewish feast
days; as, Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement; Yom Teruah (lit., day of
shouting), the Feast of Trumpets.

YON
Yon, a. Etym: [OE. yon, , AS. geon; akin to G. jener, OHG. jen, Icel.
enn, inn; cf. Goth. jains. Beyond, Yond, Yonder.]

Defn: At a distance, but within view; yonder. [Poetic]
Read thy lot in yon celestial sign. Milton.
Though fast yon shower be fleeting. Keble.

YON
Yon, adv.

Defn: Yonder. [Obs. or Poetic]
But, first and chiefest, with thee bring Him that yon soars on golden
wing. Milton.

YONCOPIN
Yon"co*pin, n. Etym: [Perhaps corrupted from Illinois micoupena,
Chippewa makopin, the American lotus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A local name in parts of the Mississippi Valley for the
American lotus (Nelumbo lutea).

YOND
Yond, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. anda, onda, anger, andian to be angry.]

Defn: Furious; mad; angry; fierce. [Obs.] "Then wexeth wood and
yond." Spenser.

YOND
Yond, adv. & a. Etym: [OE. yond, ýond, ýeond, through, beyond, over,
AS. geond, adv. & prep.; cf. Goth. jaind thither. sq. root188. See
Yon, a.]

Defn: Yonder. [Obs.] "Yond in the garden." Chaucer.

YONDER
Yon"der, adv. Etym: [OE. yonder, ýonder; cf. OD. ginder, Goth. jaindr
there. Yond, adv.]

Defn: At a distance, but within view.
Yonder are two apple women scolding. Arbuthnot.

YONDER
Yon"der, a.

Defn: Being at a distance within view, or conceived of as within
view; that or those there; yon. "Yon flowery arbors, yonder alleys
green." Milton. "Yonder sea of light." Keble.
Yonder men are too many for an embassage. Bacon.

YONI
Yo"ni, n. Etym: [Skr. y.] (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: The symbol under which Sakti, or the personification of the
female power in nature, is worshiped. Cf. Lingam.

YONKER
Yon"ker, n. Etym: [See Younker.]

Defn: A young fellow; a younker. [Obs. or Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.

YORE
Yore, adv. Etym: [OE. , yare, , AS. geára;akin to geár a year, E.
year. Year.]

Defn: In time long past; in old time; long since. [Obs. or Poetic]
As it hath been of olde times yore. Chaucer.
Which though he hath polluted oft and yore, Yet I to them for
judgment just do fly. Spenser.
Of yore, of old time; long ago; as, in times or days of yore. "But
Satan now is wiser than of yore." Pope.
Where Abraham fed his flock of yore. Keble.

YORKER
York"er, n. (Cricket)

Defn: A tice.

YORK RITE
York rite. (Freemasonry)

Defn: The rite or ceremonial observed by one of the Masonic systems,
deriving its name from the city of York, in England; also, the system
itself, which, in England, confers only the first three degrees.

YORKSHIRE
York"shire, n.

Defn: A county in the north of England. Yorkshire grit, a kind of
stone used for polishing marble, and copperplates for engravers.
Simmonds.
 -- Yorkshire pudding, a batter pudding baked under meat.

YORK USE
York" use`. (Eccl.)

Defn: The one of the three printed uses of England which was followed
in the north. It was based on the Sarum use. See Use, n., 6. Shipley.

YOT
Yot, v. t.

Defn: To unite closely. [Prov. Eng.]

YOTE
Yote, v. t. Etym: [OE. , , to pour, AS. geótan. See Found to cast.]

Defn: To pour water on; to soak in, or mix with, water. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.] Grose.
My fowls, which well enough, I, as before, found feeding at their
trough Their yoted wheat. Chapman.

YOU
You, pron. [Possess. Your or Yours (; dat. & obj. You.] Etym: [OE.
you, eou, eow, dat. & acc., AS. eów, used as dat. & acc. of ge, g,
ye; akin to OFries. iu, io, D. u, G. euch, OHG. iu, dat., iuwih,
acc., Icel. y, dat. & acc., Goth. izwis; of uncertain origin. sq.
root189. Cf. Your.]

Defn: The pronoun of the second person, in the nominative, dative,
and objective case, indicating the person or persons addressed. See
the Note under Ye.
Ye go to Canterbury; God you speed. Chaucer.
Good sir, I do in friendship counsel you To leave this place. Shak.
In vain you tell your parting lover You wish fair winds may waft him
over. Prior.

Note: Though you is properly a plural, it is in all ordinary
discourse used also in addressing a single person, yet properly
always with a plural verb. "Are you he that hangs the verses on the
trees, wherein Rosalind is so admired " Shak. You and your are
sometimes used indefinitely, like we, they, one, to express persons
not specified. "The looks at a distance like a new-plowed land; but
as you come near it, you see nothing but a long heap of heavy,
disjointed clods." Addison. "Your medalist and critic are much nearer
related than the world imagine." Addison. "It is always pleasant to
be forced to do what you wish to do, but what, until pressed, you
dare not attempt." Hook. You is often used reflexively for yourself
of yourselves. "Your highness shall repose you at the tower." Shak.

YOUL
Youl, v. i.

Defn: To yell; to yowl. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YOUNG
Young, a. [Compar. Younger; superl. Youngest.] Etym: [OE. yung, yong,
, , AS. geong; akin to OFries. iung, iong, D. joing, OS., OHG., & G.
jung, Icel. ungr, Sw. & Dan. ung, Goth. juggs, Lith. jaunas, Russ.
iunuii, L. juvencus, juvenis, Skr. juva, juven. Junior, Juniper,
Juvenile, Younker, Youth.]

1. Not long born; still in the first part of life; not yet arrived at
adolescence, maturity, or age; not old; juvenile; -- said of animals;
as, a young child; a young man; a young fawn.
For he so young and tender was of age. Chaucer.
"Whom the gods love, die young," has been too long carelessly said; .
. . whom the gods love, live young forever. Mrs. H. H. Jackson.

2. Being in the first part, pr period, of growth; as, a young plant;
a young tree.
While the fears of the people were young. De Foe.

3. Having little experience; inexperienced; unpracticed; ignorant;
weak.
Come, come, elder brother, you are too young in this. Shak.

YOUNG
Young, n.

Defn: The offspring of animals, either a single animal or offspring
collectively.
[The egg] bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed Their callow
young. Milton.
With young, with child; pregnant.

YOUNGGER
Young"ger, n.

Defn: One who is younger; an inferior in age; a junior. "The elder
shall serve the younger." Rom. ix. 12.

YOUNGISH
Young"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat young. Tatler.

YOUNGLING
Young"ling, n. Etym: [AS. geongling.]

Defn: A young person; a youth; also, any animal in its early life.
"More dear . . . than younglings to their dam." Spenser.
He will not be so willing, I think, to join with you as with us
younglings. Ridley.

YOUNGLING
Young"ling, a.

Defn: Young; youthful. Wordsworth.

YOUNGLY
Young"ly, a. Etym: [AS. geonglic.]

Defn: Like a young person or thing; young; youthful. [Obs.] Shak.

YOUNGLY
Young"ly, adv.

1. In a young manner; in the period of youth; early in life. [Obs.]
Shak.

2. Ignorantly; weakly. [R.]

YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION
Young Men's Christian Association.

Defn: An organization for promoting the spiritual, intellectual,
social, and physical welfare of young men, founded, June 6, 1844, by
George Williams (knighted therefor by Queen Victoria) in London. In
1851 it extended to the United States and Canada, and in 1855
representatives of similar organizations throughout Europe and
America formed an international body. The movement has successfully
expanded not only among young men in general, but also specifically
among railroad men, in the army and navy, with provision for Indians
and negroes, and a full duplication of all the various lines of
oepration in the boys' departments.

YOUNGNESS
Young"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being young.

YOUNG ONE
Young one.

Defn: A young human being; a child; also, a young animal, as a colt.

YOUNGSTER
Young"ster, n.

Defn: A young person; a youngling; a lad. [Colloq.] "He felt himself
quite a youngster, with a long life before him." G. Eliot.

YOUNGTH
Youngth, n.

Defn: Youth. [Obs.]
Youngth is a bubble blown up with breath. Spenser.

YOUNGTHLY
Youngth"ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, youth; youthful. [Obs.] Spenser.

YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION
Young Women's Christian Association.

Defn: An organization for promoting the spiritual, intellectual,
social, and economic welfare of young women, originating in 1855 with
Lady Kinnaird's home for young women, and Miss Emma Robert's prayer
union for young women,in England, which were combined in the year
1884 as a national association. Now nearly all the civilized
countries, and esp. the United States, have local, national, and
international organizations.

YOUNKER
Youn"ker, n. Etym: [D. jonker, jonkeer; jong young + heer a lord,
sir, gentleman. See Young, a.]

Defn: A young person; a stripling; a yonker. [Obs. or Colloq.]
That same younker soon was overthrown. Spenser.

YOUPON
You"pon, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Yaupon.

YOUR
Your, pron. & a. Etym: [OE. your, , eowr, eower, AS. eówer,
originally used as the gen. of ge, ge, ye; akin to OFries. iuwer
your, OS. iuwar, D. uw, OHG. iuwer, G. euer, Icel. ythar, Goth.
izwara, izwar, and E. you. *189. See You.]

Defn: The form of the possessive case of the personal pronoun you.

Note: The possessive takes the form yours when the noun to which it
refers is not expressed, but implied; as, this book is yours. "An old
fellow of yours." Chaucer.

YOURS
Yours, pron.

Defn: See the Note under Your.

YOURS
Yours (ürz), pron.

Defn: See the Note under Your.

YOURSELF
Your*self", pron.; pl. Yourselves. Etym: [Your + self.]

Defn: An emphasized or reflexive form of the pronoun of the second
person; -- used as a subject commonly with you; as, you yourself
shall see it; also, alone in the predicate, either in the nominative
or objective case; as, you have injured yourself.
Of which right now ye han yourselve heard. Chaucer.
If yourselves are old, make it your cause. Shak.
Why should you be so cruel to yourself Milton.
The religious movement which you yourself, as well as I, so
faithfully followed from first to last. J. H. Newman.

YOUTH
Youth (uth), n.; pl. Youths (uths; 264) or collectively Youth. Etym:
[OE. youthe, youhþe, ýuhethe, ýuwethe, ýeoýethe, AS. geoguth,
geogoth; akin to OS. jugth, D. jeugd, OHG. jugund, G. jugend, Goth.
junda. *281. See Young.]

1. The quality or state of being young; youthfulness; juvenility. "In
my flower of youth." Milton.
Such as in his face Youth smiled celestial. Milton.

2. The part of life that succeeds to childhood; the period of
existence preceding maturity or age; the whole early part of life,
from childhood, or, sometimes, from infancy, to manhood.
He wondered that your lordship Would suffer him to spend his youth at
home. Shak.
Those who pass their youth in vice are justly condemned to spend
their age in folly. Rambler.

3. A young person; especially, a young man.
Seven youths from Athens yearly sent. Dryden.

4. Young persons, collectively.
It is fit to read the best authors to youth first. B. Jonson.

YOUTHFUL
Youth"ful, a.

1. Not yet mature or aged; young. "Two youthful knights." Dryden.

Defn: Also used figuratively. "The youthful season of the year."
Shak.

2. Of or pertaining to the early part of life; suitable to early
life; as, youthful days; youthful sports. "Warm, youthful blood."
Shak. "Youthful thoughts." Milton.

3. Fresh; vigorous, as in youth.
After millions of millions of ages . . . still youthful and
flourishing. Bentley.

Syn.
 -- Puerile; juvenile.
 -- Youthful, Puerile, Juvenile. Puerile is always used in a bad
sense, or at least in the sense of what is suitable to a boy only;
as, puerile objections, puerile amusements, etc. Juvenile is
sometimes taken in a bad sense, as when speaking of youth in contrast
with manhood; as, juvenile tricks; a juvenile performance. Youthful
is commonly employed in a good sense; as, youthful aspirations; or at
least by way of extenuating; as, youthful indiscretions. "Some men,
imagining themselves possessed with a divine fury, often fall into
toys and trifles, which are only puerilities." Dryden. "Raw, juvenile
writers imagine that, by pouring forth figures often, they render
their compositions warm and animated." Blair.
 -- Youth"ful*ly, adv.
 -- Youth"ful*ness, n.

YOUTHHOOD
Youth"hood, n. Etym: [AS. geoguedhhad. See Youth, and -hood.]

Defn: The quality or state of being a youth; the period of youth.
Cheyne.

YOUTHLY
Youth"ly, a. Etym: [AS. geoguedhlic.]

Defn: Young; youthful. [Obs.] "All my youthly days." Spenser.

YOUTHSOME
Youth"some, a.

Defn: Youthful. [Obs.] Pepys.

YOUTHY
Youth"y, a.

Defn: Young. [Obs.] Spectator.

YOUZE
Youze, n. Etym: [From a native East Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cheetah.

YOW
Yow, pron.

Defn: You. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YOWE
Yowe, n. Etym: [See Ewe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A ewe. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] G. Eliot.

YOWL
Yowl, v. i. Etym: [See Yawl, v. i.]

Defn: To utter a loud, long, and mournful cry, as a dog; to howl; to
yell.

YOWL
Yowl, n.

Defn: A loud, protracted, and mournful cry, as that of a dog; a howl.

YOWLEY
Yow"ley, n. Etym: [Cf. Yellow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European yellow-hammer. [Prov. Eng.]

YOX
Yox, v. i.

Defn: See Yex. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YPIGHT
Y*pight", obs. p. p. of Pitch.

Defn: See Pight.

YPOCRAS
Yp"o*cras, n.

Defn: Hippocras. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YPRES LACE
Y"pres lace`.

Defn: Fine bobbin lace made at Ypres in Belgium, usually exactly like
Valenciennes lace.

YPSILIFORM
Yp*sil"i*form, a. Etym: [Gr. -form.] (Biol.)

Defn: Resembling the

YPSILOID
Yp"si*loid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: In the form of the letter Y; Y-shaped.

YRAFT
Y*raft", obs. p. p. of Reave.

Defn: Bereft. Chaucer.

YREN
Yr"en, n.

Defn: Iron. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YRONNE
Y*ron"ne, obs. p. p. of Run.

Defn: Run. Chaucer.

YSAME
Y*same", adv. Etym: [See Same.]

Defn: Together. [Obs.] "And in a bag all sorts of seeds ysame."
Spenser.

YT
Yt.

Defn: , an old method of printing that (AS. æt, edhæt) the "y" taking
the place of the old letter "Þ"). Cf. Ye, the.

YT; YT
Yt, Yt (that),

Defn: an old method of printing that (AS. þæt, ðæt) the "y" taking
the place of the old letter "thorn" (þ).  Cf. Ye, the.

YTHROWE
Y*throwe", obs.

Defn: p. p. of Throw. Chaucer.

YTTERBIC
Yt*ter"bic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, ytterbium; containing
ytterbium.

YTTERBIUM
Yt*ter"bi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Ytterby, in Sweden. See Erbium.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A rare element of the boron group, sometimes associated with
yttrium or other related elements, as in euxenite and gadolinite.
Symbol Yb; provisional atomic weight 173.2. Cf. Yttrium.

Note: Ytterbium is associated with other rare elements, and probably
has not been prepared in a pure state.

YTTRIA
Yt"tri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Yttrium.] (Chem.)

Defn: The oxide, Y2O3, or earth, of yttrium.

YTTRIC
Yt"tric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, yttrium.

YTTRIFEROUS
Yt*trif"er*ous, a.

Defn: Bearing or containing yttrium or the allied elements; as,
gadolinite is one of the yttriferous minerals.

YTTRIOUS
Yt"tri*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Yttric.

YTTRIUM
Yt"tri*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Ytterby, in Sweden. See Erbium.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element of the boron-aluminium group, found in
gadolinite and other rare minerals, and extracted as a dark gray
powder. Symbol Y. Atomic weight, 89. [Written also ittrium.]

Note: Associated with yttrium are certain rare elements, as erbium,
ytterbium, samarium, etc., which are separated in a pure state with
great difficulty. They are studied by means of their spark or
phosphorescent spectra. Yttrium is now regarded as probably not a
simple element, but as a mixture of several substances.

YTTRO-CERITE
Yt`tro-ce"rite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a violet-blue color, inclining to gray and white.
It is a hydrous fluoride of cerium, yttrium, and calcium.

YTTRO-COLUMBITE; YTTRO-TANTALITE
Yt`tro-co*lum"bite, Yt`tro-tan"ta*lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A tantalate of uranium, yttrium, and calcium, of a brown or
black color.

YU
Yu, n. Etym: [Chin.] (Min.)

Defn: Jade.

YUCCA
Yuc"ca, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Flicker, n., 2.

YUCCA
Yuc"ca, n. Etym: [NL., from Yuca, its name in St. Domingo.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of American liliaceous, sometimes arborescent, plants
having long, pointed, and often rigid, leaves at the top of a more or
less woody stem, and bearing a large panicle of showy white blossoms.

Note: The species with more rigid leaves (as Yucca aloifolia, Y.
Treculiana, and Y. baccata) are called Spanish bayonet, and one with
softer leaves (Y. filamentosa) is called bear grass, and Adam's
needle. Yucca moth (Zoöl.), a small silvery moth (Pronuba yuccasella)
whose larvæ feed on plants of the genus Yucca.

YUCCA BORER
Yuc"ca bor`er.
 (a) A California boring weevil (Yuccaborus frontalis).
 (b) A large mothlike butterfly (Megathymus yuccæ) of the family
Megatimidæ, whose larva bores in yucca roots.

YUCK
Yuck, v. i. Etym: [Cf. G. jucken, D. yeuken, joken. See Itch.]

Defn: To itch. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

YUCK
Yuck, v. t.

Defn: To scratch. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

YUCKEL
Yuck"el, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Yockel.

YUEN
Yu"en, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crowned gibbon (Hylobates pileatus), native of Siam,
Southern China, and the Island of Hainan. It is entirely arboreal in
its habits, and has very long arms. the males are dark brown or
blackish, with a caplike mass of long dark hair, and usually with a
white band around the face. The females are yellowish white, with a
dark spot on the breast and another on the crown. Called also wooyen,
and wooyen ape.

YUFTS
Yufts, n. Etym: [Russ. iufte.]

Defn: Russia leather.

YUG; YUGA
Yug, Yu"ga, n. Etym: [Skr. yuga an age, a yoke. See Yoke.] (Hindoo
Cosmog.)

Defn: Any one of the four ages, Krita, or Satya, Treta, Dwapara, and
Kali, into which the Hindoos divide the duration or existence of the
world.

YUKE
Yuke, v. i. & t.

Defn: Same as Yuck. [Prov. Eng.]

YULAN
Yu"lan, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Magnolia (M. conspicua) with large white blossoms
that open before the leaves. See the Note under Magnolia.

YULE
Yule, n. Etym: [OE. yol, ýol, AS. geól; akin to geóla December or
January, Icel. jol Yule, Ylir the name of a winter month, Sw. jul
Christmas, Dan. juul, Goth. jiuleis November or December. Cf. Jolly.]

Defn: Christmas or Christmastide; the feast of the Nativity of our
Savior.
And at each pause they kiss; was never seen such rule In any place
but here, at bonfire, or at Yule. Drayton.
Yule block, or Yule log, a large log of wood formerly put on the
hearth of Christmas eve, as the foundation of the fire. It was
brought in with much ceremony.
 -- Yule clog, the yule log. Halliwell. W. Irving.

YULETIDE
Yule"tide`, n.

Defn: Christmas time; Christmastide; the season of Christmas.

YUMAN
Yu"man, a.

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, an important linguistic stock of
North American Indians of the southwestern United States and
northwestern Mexico, nearly all agriculturists and adept potters and
basket makers. Their usual dwelling is the brush wikiup, and in their
native state they wear little clothing. The Yuma, Maricopa, Mohave,
Walapi, and Yavapai are among the chief tribes, all of fine physique.

YUMAS
Yu"mas, n. pl.; sing. Yuma (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians native of Arizona and the adjacent parts of
Mexico and California. They are agricultural, and cultivate corn,
wheat, barley, melons, etc.

Note: The a wider sense, the term sometimes includes the Mohaves and
other allied tribes.

YUNCA
Yun"ca (yoon"ka), n.

Defn: An Indian of a linguistic stock of tribes of the Peruvian coast
who had a developed agricultural civilization at the advent of the
Spaniards, before which they had been conquered by the Incas. They
constructed irrigation canals which are still in use, adorned their
buildings with bas-reliefs and frescoes, and were skilled goldsmiths
and silversmiths. -- Yun"can (#), a.

YUNX
Yunx, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds comprising the wrynecks.

YUPON
Yu"pon, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Yaupon.

YUX
Yux, n. & v.

Defn: See Yex, n. [Obs.]

YVEL
Y"vel, a. & adv.

Defn: Evil; ill. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YWAR
Y*war", a. Etym: [See Aware.]

Defn: Aware; wary. [Obs.] "Be ywar, and his way shun." Piers Plowman.

YWIS
Y*wis", adv. Etym: [OE. ywis, iwis, AS. gewis certain; akin to D.
gewis, G. gewiss, and E. wit to know. See Wit to know, and Y-.]

Defn: Certainly; most likely; truly; probably. [Obs. or Archaic]
"Ywis," quod he, "it is full dear, I say." Chaucer.
She answered me, "I-wisse, all their sport in the park is but a
shadow to that pleasure that I find in Plato." Ascham.
A right good knight, and true of word ywis. Spenser.

Note: The common form iwis was often written with the prefix apart
from the rest of the word and capitalized, as, I wis, I wisse, etc.
The prefix was mistaken for the pronoun, I and wis, wisse, for a form
of the verb wit to know. See Wis, and cf. Wit, to know.
Our ship, I wis, Shall be of another form than this. Longfellow.

Z
Z (ze; in England commonly, and in America sometimes, zêd; formerly,
also, îz"zêrd)

Defn: Z, the twenty-sixth and last letter of the English alphabet, is
a vocal consonant. It is taken from the Latin letter Z, which came
from the Greek alphabet, this having it from a Semitic source. The
ultimate origin is probably Egyptian. Etymologically, it is most
closely related to s, y, and j; as in glass, glaze; E. yoke, Gr.
yugum; E. zealous, jealous. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 273, 274.

ZA
Za, n. (Min.)

Defn: An old solfeggio name for B flat; the seventh harmonic, as
heard in the or æolian string; -- so called by Tartini. It was long
considered a false, but is the true note of the chord of the flat
seventh. H. W. Poole.

ZABAISM; ZABISM
Za"ba*ism, Za"bism, n.

Defn: See Sabianism.

ZABIAN
Za"bi*an, a. & n.

Defn: See Sabian.

ZACCO
Zac"co, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Zocco.

ZACHUN
Za*chun", n. (Bot.)

Defn: An oil pressed by the Arabs from the fruit of a small thorny
tree (Balanites Ægyptiaca), and sold to piligrims for a healing
ointment. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).

ZAERTHE
Zaer"the, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Zärthe.

ZAFFER
Zaf"fer, n. Etym: [F. zafre, safre; cf. Sp. zafra, safra, It.
saffera, G. zaffer; all probably of Arabic origin. Cf. Zaphara.]

Defn: A pigment obtained, usually by roasting cobalt glance with sand
or quartz, as a dark earthy powder. It consists of crude cobalt
oxide, or of an impure cobalt arseniate. It is used in porcelain
painting, and in enameling pottery, to produce a blue color, and is
often confounded with smalt, from which, however, it is distinct, as
it contains no potash. The name is often loosely applied to mixtures
of zaffer proper with silica, or oxides of iron, manganese, etc.
[Written also zaffre, and formerly zaffree, zaffar, zaffir.]

ZAIM
Zaim, n. Etym: [Turk. & Ar. za'im.]

Defn: A Turkish chief who supports a mounted militia bearing the same
name. Smart.

ZAIMET
Zaim"et, n. Etym: [Turk. & Ar. za'imet.]

Defn: A district from which a Zaim draws his revenue. Smart.

ZAIN
Zain, n.

Defn: A horse of a dark color, neither gray nor white, and having no
spots. Smart.

ZALAMBDODONT
Za*lamb"do*dont, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tribe (Zalambdodonta) of Insectivora in
which the molar teeth have but one V-shaped ridge.

ZALAMBDODONT
Za*lamb"do*dont, n.

Defn: One of the Zalambdodonta. The tenrec, solenodon, and golden
moles are examples.

ZAMANG
Za*mang", n. (Bot.)

Defn: An immense leguminous tree (Pithecolobium Saman) of Venezuela.
Its branches form a hemispherical mass, often one hundred and eighty
feet across. The sweet pulpy pods are used commonly for feeding
cattle. Also called rain tree. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).

ZAMBO
Zam"bo, n.; pl. Zambos. Etym: [See Sambo.]

Defn: The child of a mulatto and a negro; also, the child of an
Indian and a negro; colloquially or humorously, a negro; a sambo.

ZAMIA
Za"mi*a, n. Etym: [L. zamia a kind of fir cone, from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of cycadaceous plants, having the appearance of low
palms, but with exogenous wood. See Coontie, and Illust. of Strobile.

ZAMINDAR
Zam`in*dar", n. Etym: [Hind. zemindar, zamindar, a landholder, Per.
zamindar; zamin land dar holding.]

Defn: A landowner; also, a collector of land revenue; now, usually, a
kind of feudatory recognized as an actual proprietor so long as he
pays to the government a certain fixed revenue. [Written also
zemindar.] [India]

ZAMINDARY; ZAMINDARI
Zam"in*da*ry, Zam"in*da*ri, n.

Defn: The jurisdiction of a zamindar; the land possessed by a
zamindar. [Written also zemindary, zemindari.]

ZAMITE
Za"mite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil cycad of the genus Zamia.

ZAMOUSE
Za*mouse", n. Etym: [From a native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African buffalo (Bubalus brachyceros) having short horns
depressed at the base, and large ears fringed internally with three
rows of long hairs. It is destitute of a dewlap. Called also short-
horned buffalo, and bush cow.

ZAMPOGNA
Zam*po"gna, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A sort of bagpipe formerly in use among Italian peasants. It is
now almost obsolete. [Written also zampugna.]

ZANDER
Zan"der, n. Etym: [Cf. D. zand sand.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European pike perch (Stizostedion lucioperca) allied to the
wall-eye; -- called also sandari, sander, sannat, schill, and zant.

ZANDMOLE
Zand"mole`, n. Etym: [Cf. D. zand sand. See Sand, and Mole the
animal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sand mole.

ZANTE
Zan"te, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Zantewood.

ZANTE CURRANT
Zan"te cur"rant.

Defn: A kind of seedless grape or raisin; -- so called from Zante,
one of the Ionian Islands.

ZANTEWOOD
Zan"te*wood`, n. (Bot.)
(a) A yellow dyewood; fustet; -- called also zante, and zante fustic.
See Fustet, and the Note under Fustic.
(b) Satinwood (Chloroxylon Swietenia).

ZANTIOT
Zan"ti*ot, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Zante, one of the Ionian Islands.

ZANY
Za"ny, n.; pl. Zanies. Etym: [It. zanni a buffoon, merry-andrew,
orig. same as Giovanni John, i. e., merry John, L. Ioannes, Gr.
Yokhanan, prop., the Lord graciously gave: cf. F. zani, fr. the
Italian. Cf. Jenneting.]

Defn: A merry-andrew; a buffoon.
Then write that I may follow, and so be Thy echo, thy debtor, thy
foil, thy zany. Donne.
Preacher at once, and zany of thy age. Pope.

ZANY
Za"ny, v. t.

Defn: To mimic. [Obs.]
Your part is acted; give me leave at distance To zany it. Massinger.

ZANYISM
Za"ny*ism, n.

Defn: State or character of a zany; buffoonery. Coleridge. H. Morley.

ZAPAS
Za*pas", n. [Russ.]

Defn: See Army organization, above.

ZAPATERA
Za`pa*te"ra, n. [Sp. aceituna zapatera.] (Olive trade)

Defn: A cured olive which has spoiled or is on the verge of
decomposition; loosely, an olive defective because of bruises,
wormholes, or the like.

ZAPHARA
Zaph"a*ra, n.

Defn: Zaffer.

ZAPHRENTIS
Za*phren"tis, n. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of cyathophylloid corals common in the
Paleozoic formations. It is cup-shaped with numerous septa, and with
a deep pit in one side of the cup.

ZAPOTILLA
Zap`o*til"la, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Sapodilla.

ZAPTIAH
Zap"ti*ah, n.

Defn: A Turkish policeman. [Written also zaptieh.]

ZARATHUSTRIAN; ZARATHUSTRIC
Zar`a*thus"tri*an, Zar`a*thus"tric, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Zarathustra, or Zoroaster; Zoroastrian.
Tylor.

ZARATHUSTRISM
Zar`a*thus"trism, n.

Defn: See Zoroastrianism.

ZARATITE
Zar"a*tite, n. (Min.) Etym: [Named after Gen. Zarata of Spain.]

Defn: A hydrous carbonate of nickel occurring as an emerald-green
incrustation on chromite; -- called also emerald nickel.

ZAREBA
Za*re"ba, n. (Mil.)

Defn: An improvised stockade; especially, one made of thorn bushes,
etc. [Written also zareeba, and zeriba.] [Egypt]
"Ah," he moralizes, "what wonderful instinct on the part of this
little creature to surround itself with a zareba like the troops
after Osman Digma." R. Jefferies.

ZARF
Zarf, n. [Ar.] (Art)

Defn: A metallic cuplike stand used for holding a finjan.

ZARNICH
Zar"nich, n. Etym: [F., fr. Ar. az-zernikh, fr. Gr. Arsenic.] (Min.)

Defn: Native sulphide of arsenic, including sandarach, or realgar,
and orpiment.

ZARTHE; ZAERTHE
Zär"the, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European bream (Abramis vimba). [Written also zaerthe.]

ZASTRUGI
Zas*tru"gi, n. pl.; sing. -ga (#). [Russ. zastruga furrow made on the
shore by water.]

Defn: Grooves or furrows formed in snow by the action of the wind,
and running parallel with the direction of the wind. This formation
results from the erosion of transverse waves previously formed.

ZATI
Za"ti, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of macaque (Macacus pileatus) native of India and
Ceylon. It has a crown of long erect hair, and tuft of radiating
hairs on the back of the head. Called also capped macaque.

ZAUSCHNERIA
Zau*schne"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., named for M. Zauschner, a Bohemian
botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of flowering plants. Zauschneria Californica is a
suffrutescent perennial, with showy red flowers much resembling those
of the garden fuchsia.

ZAX
Zax, n.

Defn: A tool for trimming and puncturing roofing states. [Written
also sax.]

ZAYAT
Za"yat, n.

Defn: A public shed, or portico, for travelers, worshipers, etc.
[Burmah]

ZEA
Ze"a, n. Etym: [L., a kind of grain, fr. Gr. yava barley.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of large grasses of which the Indian corn (Zea Mays) is
the only species known. Its origin is not yet ascertained. See Maize.

ZEAL
Zeal, n. Etym: [F. zèle; cf. Pg. & It. zelo, Sp. zelo, celo; from L.
zelus, Gr. Yeast, Jealous.]

1. Passionate ardor in the pursuit of anything; eagerness in favor of
a person or cause; ardent and active interest; engagedness;
enthusiasm; fervor. "Ambition varnished o'er with zeal." Milton.
"Zeal, the blind conductor of the will." Dryden. "Zeal's never-dying
fire." Keble.
I bear them record that they have a zeal of God, but not according to
knowledge. Rom. x. 2.
A zeal for liberty is sometimes an eagerness to subvert with little
care what shall be established. Johnson.

2. A zealot. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

ZEAL
Zeal, v. i.

Defn: To be zealous. [Obs. & R.] Bacon.

ZEALANT
Zeal"ant, n.

Defn: One who is zealous; a zealot; an enthusiast. [Obs.]
To certain zealants, all speech of pacification is odious. Bacon.

ZEALED
Zealed, a.

Defn: Full of zeal; characterized by zeal. [Obs.] "Zealed religion."
Beau. & Fl.

ZEALFUL
Zeal"ful, a.

Defn: Full of zeal. [R.] Sylvester.

ZEALLESS
Zeal"less, a.

Defn: Wanting zeal. Hammond.

ZEALOT
Zeal"ot, n. Etym: [F. zélote, L. zelotes, Gr. Zeal.]

Defn: One who is zealous; one who engages warmly in any cause, and
pursues his object with earnestness and ardor; especially, one who is
overzealous, or carried away by his zeal; one absorbed in devotion to
anything; an enthusiast; a fanatical partisan.
Zealots for the one [tradition] were in hostile array against zealots
for the other. Sir J. Stephen.
In Ayrshire, Clydesdale, Nithisdale, Annandale, every parish was
visited by these turbulent zealots. Macaulay.

ZEALOTICAL
Zea*lot"ic*al, a.

Defn: Like, or suitable to, a zealot; ardently zealous. [R.] Strype.

ZEALOTISM
Zeal"ot*ism, n.

Defn: The character or conduct of a zealot; zealotry.

ZEALOTIST
Zeal"ot*ist, n.

Defn: A zealot. [Obs.] Howell.

ZEALOTRY
Zeal"ot*ry, n.

Defn: The character and behavior of a zealot; excess of zeal;
fanatical devotion to a cause.
Enthusiasm, visionariness, seems the tendency of the German; zeal,
zealotry, of the English; fanaticism, of the French. Coleridge.

ZEALOUS
Zeal"ous, a. Etym: [LL. zelosus. See Zeal.]

1. Filled with, or characterized by, zeal; warmly engaged, or ardent,
in behalf of an object.
He may be zealous in the salvation of souls. Law.

2. Filled with religious zeal. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- Zeal"ous*ly, adv.
 -- Zeal"ous*ness, n.

ZEBEC
Ze"bec, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Xebec.

ZEBRA
Ze"bra, n. Etym: [Pg. zebra; cf. Sp. cebra; probably from a native
African name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Either one of two species of South African wild horses
remarkable for having the body white or yellowish white, and
conspicuously marked with dark brown or brackish bands.

Note: The true or mountain zebra (Equus, or Asinus, zebra) is nearly
white, and the bands which cover the body and legs are glossy black.
Its tail has a tuft of black hair at the tip. It inhabits the
mountains of Central and Southern Africa, and is noted for its
wariness and wildness, as well as for its swiftness. The second
species (Equus, or Asinus, Burchellii), known as Burchell's zebra,
and dauw, inhabits the grassy plains of South Africa, and differs
from the preceding in not having dark bands on the legs, while those
on the body are more irregular. It has a long tail, covered with long
white flowing hair. Zebra caterpillar, the larva of an American
noctuid moth (Mamestra picta). It is light yellow, with a broad black
stripe on the back and one on each side; the lateral stripes are
crossed with withe lines. It feeds on cabbages, beets, clover, and
other cultivated plants.
 -- Zebra opossum, the zebra wolf. See under Wolf.
 -- Zebra parrakeet, an Australian grass parrakeet, often kept as a
cage bird. Its upper parts are mostly pale greenish yellow,
transversely barred with brownish black crescents; the under parts,
rump, and upper tail coverts, are bright green; two central tail
feathers and the cheek patches are blue. Called also canary parrot,
scallop parrot, shell parrot, and undulated parrot.
 -- Zebra poison (Bot.), a poisonous tree (Euphorbia arborea) of the
Spurge family, found in South Africa. Its milky juice is so poisonous
that zebras have been killed by drinking water in which its branches
had been placed, and it is also used as an arrow poison. J. Smith
(Dict. Econ. Plants).
 -- Zebra shark. Same as Tiger shark, under Tiger.
 -- Zebra spider, a hunting spider.
 -- Zebra swallowtail, a very large North American swallow-tailed
butterfly (Iphiclides ajax), in which the wings are yellow, barred
with black; -- called also ajax.
 -- Zebra wolf. See under Wolf.

ZEBRAWOOD
Ze"bra*wood`, n.
(a) A kind of cabinet wood having beautiful black, brown, and whitish
stripes, the timber of a tropical American tree (Connarus
Guianensis).
(b) The wood of a small West Indian myrtaceous tree (Eugenia
fragrans).
(c) The wood of an East Indian tree of the genus Guettarda.

ZEBRINE
Ze"brine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the zebra.

ZEBRINNY
Ze*brin"ny, n.; pl. -nies.

Defn: A cross between a male horse and a female zebra.

ZEBRULA; ZEBRULE
Ze"bru*la, Ze"brule, n.

Defn: A cross between a male zebra and a female horse.

ZEBU
Ze"bu, n. [zébu; of uncertain origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bovine mammal (Ros Indicus) extensively domesticated in
India, China, the East Indies, and East Africa. It usually has short
horns, large pendulous ears, slender legs, a large dewlap, and a
large, prominent hump over the shoulders; but these characters vary
in different domestic breeds, which range in size from that of the
common ox to that of a large mastiff.

Note: Some of the varieties are used as beasts of burden, and some
fore for riding, while others are raised for their milk and flesh.
The Brahmin bull, regarded as sacred by the Hindoos, also belongs to
this species. The male is called also Indian bull, Indian ox, Madras
ox, and sacred bull.

ZEBUB
Ze"bub, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large noxious fly of Abyssinia, which like the tsetse fly, is
destructive to cattle.

ZECHIN
Ze"chin, n.

Defn: See Sequin.

ZECHSTEIN
Zech"stein`, n. Etym: [Gr., fr. zeche a mine + stein a stone.]
(Geol.)

Defn: The upper division of the Permian (Dyas) of Europe. The
prevailing rock is a magnesian limestone.

ZED
Zed, n. Etym: [F., probably through It. zeta, fr. L. zeta. See Zeta.]

Defn: The letter Z; -- called also zee, and formerly izzard. "Zed,
thou unnecessary letter!" Shak.

ZEDOARY
Zed"o*a*ry, n. Etym: [F. zédoaire, LL. zedoaria; cf. It. zedoaria,
zettovario, Pg. zedoaria, Sp. zedoaria, cedoaria; all fr. Ar. & Per.
zedw.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicinal substance obtained in the East Indian, having a
fragrant smell, and a warm, bitter, aromatic taste. It is used in
medicine as a stimulant.

Note: It is the rhizome of different species of Curcuma, esp. C.
zedoaria, and comes in short, firm pieces, externally of a wrinkled
gray, ash-colored appearance, but within of a brownish red color.
There are two kinds, round zedoary, and long zedoary.

ZEEKOE
Zee"koe, n. Etym: [D., sea cow, lake cow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hippopotamus.

ZEEMAN EFFECT
Zee"man ef*fect". (Physics)

Defn: The widening and duplication, triplication, etc., of spectral
lines when the radiations emanate in a strong magnetic field, first
observed in 1896 by P. Zeeman, a Dutch physicist, and regarded as an
important confirmation of the electromagnetic theory of light.

ZEHNER
Zeh"ner, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: An Austrian silver coin equal to ten kreutzers, or about five
cents.

ZEIN
Ze"in, n. Etym: [Cf. F. zé\'8bne. See Zea.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous substance of the nature of gluten, obtained from
the seeds of Indian corn (Zea) as a soft, yellowish, amorphous
substance. [Formerly written zeine.]

ZEITGEIST
Zeit"geist`, n. [G.; zeit time + geist spirit. See Tide, n.; Ghost,
n.]

Defn: The spirit of the time; the general intellectual and moral
state or temper characteristic of any period of time.

ZEMINDAR
Zem`in*dar", n.

Defn: Same as Zamindar.

ZEMINDARY; ZEMINDARI
Zem"in*da*ry, Zem"in*da*ri, n.

Defn: Same as Zamindary.

ZEMNI
Zem"ni, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The blind mole rat (Spalax typhlus), native of Eastern Europe
and Asia. Its eyes and ears are rudimentary, and its fur is soft and
brownish, more or less tinged with gray. It constructs extensive
burrows.

ZEMSTVO
Zem"stvo, n. [Russ., fr. zemlya land.]

Defn: In Russia, an elective local district and provincial
administrative assembly. Originally it was composed of
representatives elected by the peasantry, the householders of the
towns, and the landed proprietors. In the reign of Alexander III. the
power of the noble landowners was increased, the peasants allowed
only to elect candidates from whom the governor of the province
nominated the deputy, and all acts of the zemstvo subjected to the
approval of the governor. Theoretically the zemstvo has large powers
relating to taxation, education, public health, etc., but practically
these powers are in most cases limited to the adjustment of the state
taxation.

ZENANA
Ze*na"na, n. Etym: [Hind. zenana, zanana, fr. Per. zanana, fr. zan
woman; akin to E. queen.]

Defn: The part of a dwelling appropriated to women. [India]

ZEND
Zend, n. Etym: [See Zend-Avesta.]

Defn: Properly, the translation and exposition in the Huzvâresh, or
literary Pehlevi, language, of the Avesta, the Zoroastrian sacred
writings; as commonly used, the language (an ancient Persian dialect)
in which the Avesta is written.

ZEND-AVESTA
Zend`-A*ves"ta, n. Etym: [Properly, the Avesta, or sacred text, and
its zend, or interpretation, in a more modern and intelligible
language. W. D. Whitney.]

Defn: The sacred writings of the ancient Persian religion, attributed
to Zoroaster, but chiefly of a later date.

ZENDIK
Zen"dik, n. Etym: [Ar. zandik.]

Defn: An atheist or unbeliever; -- name given in the East to those
charged with disbelief of any revealed religion, or accused of
magical heresies.

ZENICK
Ze"nick, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South African burrowing mammal (Suricata tetradactyla),
allied to the civets. It is grayish brown, with yellowish transverse
stripes on the back. Called also suricat.

ZENIK
Ze"nik, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Zenick.

ZENITH
Ze"nith, n. Etym: [OE. senyth, OF. cenith, F. zénith, Sp. zenit,
cenit, abbrev. fr. Ar. samt-urras way of the head, vertical place;
samt way, path + al the + ras head. Cf. Azimuth.]

1. That point in the visible celestial hemisphere which is vertical
to the spectator; the point of the heavens directly overhead; --
opposed to nadir.
From morn To noon he fell, from noon to dewy eve, A summer's day; and
with the setting sun Dropped from the zenith, like a falling star.
Milton.

2. hence, figuratively, the point of culmination; the greatest
height; the height of success or prosperity.
I find my zenith doth depend upon A most auspicious star. Shak.
This dead of midnight is the noon of thought, And wisdom mounts her
zenith with the stars. Mrs. Barbauld.
It was during those civil troubles . . . this aspiring family reached
the zenith. Macaulay.
Zenith distance. (Astron.) See under Distance.
 -- Zenith sector. (Astron.) See Sector, 3.
 -- Zenith telescope (Geodesy), a telescope specially designed for
determining the latitude by means of any two stars which pass the
meridian about the same time, and at nearly equal distances from the
zenith, but on opposite sides of it. It turns both on a vertical and
a horizontal axis, is provided with a graduated vertical semicircle,
and a level for setting it to a given zenith distance, and with a
micrometer for measuring the difference of the zenith distances of
the two stars.

ZENITHAL
Ze"nith*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the zenith. "The deep zenithal blue."
Tyndall.

ZEOLITE
Ze"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. zéolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A term now used to designate any one of a family of minerals,
hydrous silicates of alumina, with lime, soda, potash, or rarely
baryta. Here are included natrolite, stilbite, analcime, chabazite,
thomsonite, heulandite, and others. These species occur of secondary
origin in the cavities of amygdaloid, basalt, and lava, also, less
frequently, in granite and gneiss. So called because many of these
species intumesce before the blowpipe. Needle zeolite, needlestone;
natrolite.

ZEOLITIC
Ze`o*lit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a zeolite; consisting of, or resembling, a
zeolite.

ZEOLITIFORM
Ze`o*lit"i*form, a.

Defn: Having the form of a zeolite.

ZEPHYR
Zeph"yr, n. Etym: [L. zephyrus, Gr. zéphyr.]

Defn: The west wind; poetically, any soft, gentle breeze. "Soft the
zephyr blows." Gray.
As gentle As zephyrs blowing below the violet. Shak.
Zephyr cloth, a thin kind of cassimere made in Belgium; also, a
waterproof fabric of wool.
 -- Zephyr shawl, a kind of thin, light, embroidered shawl made of
worsted and cotton.
 -- Zephyr yarn, or worsted, a fine, soft kind of yarn or worsted, --
used for knitting and embroidery.

ZEPHYRUS
Zeph"y*rus, n. Etym: [L. See Zephyr.]

Defn: The west wind, or zephyr; -- usually personified, and made the
most mild and gentle of all the sylvan deities.
Mild as when Zephyrus on Flora breathes. Milton.

ZEPPELIN
Zep`pe*lin" (tsep`pe*le"; Angl. zep"pe*lin), n.

Defn: A dirigible balloon of the rigid type, consisting of a
cylindrical trussed and covered frame supported by internal gas
cells, and provided with means of propulsion and  control. It was
first successfully used by Ferdinand Count von Zeppelin.

ZEQUIN
Ze"quin, n.

Defn: See Sequin.

ZERDA
Zer"da, n. Etym: [Of African origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fennec.

ZERIBA
Ze*ri"ba, n. (Mil.)

Defn: Same as Zareba.

ZERO
Ze"ro, n; pl. Zeros or Zeroes. Etym: [F. zéro, from Ar. çafrun,
çifrun, empty, a cipher. Cf. Cipher.]

1. (Arith.)

Defn: A cipher; nothing; naught.

2. The point from which the graduation of a scale, as of a
thermometer, commences.

Note: Zero in the Centigrade, or Celsius thermometer, and in the
Réaumur thermometer, is at the point at which water congeals. The
zero of the Fahrenheit thermometer is fixed at the point at which the
mercury stands when immersed in a mixture of snow and common salt. In
Wedgwood's pyrometer, the zero corresponds with 1077° on the
Fahrenheit scale. See Illust. of Thermometer.

3. Fig.: The lowest point; the point of exhaustion; as, his patience
had nearly reached zero. Absolute zero. See under Absolute.
 -- Zero method (Physics), a method of comparing, or measuring,
forces, electric currents, etc., by so opposing them that the pointer
of an indicating apparatus, or the needle of a galvanometer, remains
at, or is brought to, zero, as contrasted with methods in which the
deflection is observed directly; -- called also null method.
 -- Zero point, the point indicating zero, or the commencement of a
scale or reckoning.

ZEST
Zest, n. Etym: [F. zeste, probably fr. L. schistos split, cleft,
divided, Gr. Schism.]

1. A piece of orange or lemon peel, or the aromatic oil which may be
squeezed from such peel, used to give flavor to liquor, etc.

2. Hence, something that gives or enhances a pleasant taste, or the
taste itself; an appetizer; also, keen enjoyment; relish; gusto.
Almighty Vanity! to thee they owe Their zest of pleasure, and their
balm of woe. Young.
Liberality of disposition and conduct gives the highest zest and
relish to social intercourse. Gogan.

3. The woody, thick skin inclosing the kernel of a walnut. [Obs.]

ZEST
Zest, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Zested; p. pr. & vb. n. Zesting.]

1. To cut into thin slips, as the peel of an orange, lemon, etc.; to
squeeze, as peel, over the surface of anything.

2. To give a relish or flavor to; to heighten the taste or relish of;
as, to zest wine. Gibber.

ZETA
Ze"ta, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. Zed.]

Defn: A Greek letter [z] corresponding to our z.

ZETETIC
Ze*tet"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. zététique.]

Defn: Seeking; proceeding by inquiry. Zetetic method (Math.), the
method used for finding the value of unknown quantities by direct
search, in investigation, or in the solution of problems. [R.]
Hutton.

ZETETIC
Ze*tet"ic, n.

Defn: A seeker; -- a name adopted by some of the Pyrrhonists.

ZETETICS
Ze*tet"ics, n. Etym: [See Zetetic, a.] (Math.)

Defn: A branch of algebra which relates to the direct search for
unknown quantities. [R.]

ZEUGLODON
Zeu"glo*don, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct Eocene whales, remains of which have been
found in the Gulf States. The species had very long and slender
bodies and broad serrated teeth. See Phocodontia.

ZEUGLODONT
Zeu"glo*dont, (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Zeuglodonta.

ZEUGLODONTA
Zeu`glo*don"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Phocodontia.

ZEUGMA
Zeug"ma, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. Yoke.] (Gram.)

Defn: A figure by which an adjective or verb, which agrees with a
nearer word, is, by way of supplement, referred also to another more
remote; as, "hic illius arma, hic currus fuit;" where fuit, which
agrees directly with currus, is referred also to arma.

ZEUGMATIC
Zeug*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to zeugma; characterized by zeugma.

ZEUGOBRANCHIATA
Zeu`go*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Zygobranchia.

ZEUS
Zeus, n. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: The chief deity of the Greeks, and ruler of the upper world
(cf. Hades). He was identified with Jupiter.

ZEUZERIAN
Zeu*ze"ri*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of a group of bombycid moths of which the genus Zeuzera
is the type. Some of these moths are of large size. The goat moth is
an example.

ZEYLANITE
Zey"lan*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Ceylanite.

ZIBET; ZIBETH
Zib"et, Zib"eth, n. Etym: [Cf. It. zibetto. See Civet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carnivorous mammal (Viverra zibetha) closely allied to the
civet, from which it differs in having the spots on the body less
distinct, the throat whiter, and the black rings on the tail more
numerous.

Note: It inhabits India, Southern China, and the East Indies. It
yields a perfume similar to that of the civet. It is often
domesticated by the natives, and then serves the same purposes as the
domestic cat. Called also Asiatic, or Indian, civet.

ZIEGA
Zie"ga, n.

Defn: Curd produced from milk by adding acetic acid, after rennet has
ceased to cause coagulation. Brande & C.

ZIETRISIKITE
Zie`tri*si"kite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral wax, vert similar to ozocerite. It is found at
Zietrisika, Moldavia, whence its name.

ZIF
Zif, n. Etym: [Heb. ziv.]

Defn: The second month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year,
corresponding to our May.

ZIGGER; ZIGHYR
Zig"ger, Zig"hyr, v. i. (Mining)

Defn: Same as Sicker. [Prov. Eng.] Raymond.

ZIGZAG
Zig"zag`, n. Etym: [F. zigzag, G. zickzack, from zacke, zacken, a
dentil, tooth. Cf. Tack a small nail.]

1. Something that has short turns or angles.
The fanatics going straight forward and openly, the politicians by
the surer mode of zigzag. Burke.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A molding running in a zigzag line; a chevron, or series of
chevrons. See Illust. of Chevron, 3.

3. (Fort.)

Defn: See Boyau.

ZIGZAG
Zig"zag`, a.

Defn: Having short, sharp turns; running this way and that in an
onward course.

ZIGZAG
Zig"zag`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Zigzagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Zigzagging.]

Defn: To form with short turns.

ZIGZAG
Zig"zag`, v. i.

Defn: To move in a zigzag manner; also, to have a zigzag shape. R.
Browning.

ZIGZAGGERY
Zig"zag`ger*y, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being zigzag; crookedness. [R.]
The . . . zigzaggery of my father's approaches. Sterne.

ZIGZAGGY
Zig"zag`gy, a.

Defn: Having sharp turns. Barham.

ZIKKURAT
Zik"ku*rat, n.

Defn: A temple tower of the Babylonians or Assyrians, consisting of a
lofty pyramidal structure, built in successive stages, with outside
staircases, and a shrine at the top.

ZILLA
Zil"la, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A low, thorny, suffrutescent, crucifeous plant (Zilla
myagroides) found in the deserts of Egypt. Its leaves are boiled in
water, and eaten, by the Arabs.

ZILLAH
Zil"lah, n. Etym: [Ar. zila.]

Defn: A district or local division, as of a province. [India]

ZIMB
Zimb, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, venomous, two-winged fly, native of Abyssinia. It is
allied to the tsetse fly, and, like the latter, is destructive to
cattle.

ZIMENT-WATER
Zim"ent-wa`ter, n. Etym: [G. cement-wasser. See Cement.]

Defn: A kind of water found in copper mines; water impregnated with
copper.

ZIMOCCA
Zi*moc"ca, n.

Defn: A sponge (Euspongia zimocca) of flat form and fine quality,
from the Adriatic, about the Greek islands, and the coast of Barbary.

ZINC
Zinc, n. Etym: [G. zinc, probably akin to zinn tin: cf. F. zinc, from
the German. Cf. Tin.] (Chem.)

Defn: An abundant element of the magnesium-cadmium group, extracted
principally from the minerals zinc blende, smithsonite, calamine, and
franklinite, as an easily fusible bluish white metal, which is
malleable, especially when heated. It is not easily oxidized in moist
air, and hence is used for sheeting, coating galvanized iron, etc. It
is used in making brass, britannia, and other alloys, and is also
largely consumed in electric batteries. Symbol Zn. Atomic weight 64.9
[Formerly written also zink.] Butter of zinc (Old Chem.), zinc
chloride, ZnCl2, a deliquescent white waxy or oily substance.
 -- Oxide of zinc. (Chem.) See Zinc oxide, below.
 -- Zinc amine (Chem.), a white amorphous substance, Zn(NH2)2,
obtained by the action of ammonia on zinc ethyl; -- called also zinc
amide.
 -- Zinc amyle (Chem.), a colorless, transparent liquid, composed of
zinc and amyle, which, when exposed to the atmosphere, emits fumes,
and absorbs oxygen with rapidity.
 -- Zinc blende Etym: [cf. G. zinkblende] (Min.), a native zinc
sulphide. See Blende, n. (a) -- Zinc bloom Etym: [cf. G. zinkblumen
flowers of zinc, oxide of zinc] (Min.), hydrous carbonate of zinc,
usually occurring in white earthy incrustations; -- called also
hydrozincite.
 -- Zinc ethyl (Chem.), a colorless, transparent, poisonous liquid,
composed of zinc and ethyl, which takes fire spontaneously on
exposure to the atmosphere.
 -- Zinc green, a green pigment consisting of zinc and cobalt oxides;
-- called also Rinmann's green.
 -- Zinc methyl (Chem.), a colorless mobile liquid Zn(CH3)2, produced
by the action of methyl iodide on a zinc sodium alloy. It has a
disagreeable odor, and is spontaneously inflammable in the air. It
has been of great importance in the synthesis of organic compounds,
and is the type of a large series of similar compounds, as zinc
ethyl, zinc amyle, etc.
 -- Zinc oxide (Chem.), the oxide of zinc, ZnO, forming a light
fluffy sublimate when zinc is burned; -- called also flowers of zinc,
philosopher's wool, nihil album, etc. The impure oxide produced by
burning the metal, roasting its ores, or in melting brass, is called
also pompholyx, and tutty.
 -- Zinc spinel (Min.), a mineral, related to spinel, consisting
essentially of the oxides of zinc and aluminium; gahnite.
 -- Zinc vitriol (Chem.), zinc sulphate. See White vitriol, under
Vitriol.
 -- Zinc white, a white powder consisting of zinc oxide, used as a
pigment.

ZINC
Zinc, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Zincked or Zinced (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Zincking or Zincing (.]

Defn: To coat with zinc; to galvanize.

ZINCANE
Zinc"ane, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Zinc chloride. [Obs.]

ZINCIC
Zinc"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or resembling, zinc; zincous.

ZINCIDE
Zinc"ide, n.

Defn: A binary compound of zinc. [R.]

ZINCIFEROUS
Zinc*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Zinc + -ferous.]

Defn: Containing or affording zinc.

ZINCIFICATION
Zinc`i*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of applying zinc; the condition of being
zincified, or covered with zinc; galvanization.

ZINCIFY
Zinc"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [Zinc + -fy.] (Metal.)

Defn: To coat or impregnate with zinc.

ZINCITE
Zinc"ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Native zinc oxide; a brittle, translucent mineral, of an
orange-red color; -- called also red zinc ore, and red oxide of zinc.

ZINCKING; ZINCING
Zinck"ing, or Zinc"ing, n. (Metal.)

Defn: The act or process of applying zinc; galvanization.

ZINCKY
Zinck"y

Defn: , Pertaining to zinc, or having its appearance. [Written also
zinky.]

ZINCO-
Zin"co-.

Defn: A combining form from zinc; in chemistry, designating zinc as
an element of certain double compounds. Also used adjectively.

ZINCODE
Zinc"ode, n. Etym: [Zinc + -ode, as in electrode.] (Elec.)

Defn: The positive electrode of an electrolytic cell; anode. [R.]
Miller.

ZINCOGRAPH
Zin"co*graph, n.

Defn: A zinc plate prepared for printing by zincography; also, a
print from such a plate.

ZINCOGRAPHER
Zin*cog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: Am engraver on zinc.

ZINCOGRAPHIC; ZINCOGRAPHICAL
Zin`co*graph"ic, Zin`co*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to zincography; as, zincographic processes.

ZINCOGRAPHY
Zin*cog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Zinco- + -graphy.]

Defn: The art or process of engraving or etching on zinc, in which
the design is left in relief in the style of a wood cut, the rest of
the ground being eaten away by acid.

ZINCOID
Zinc"oid, a. Etym: [Zinc + -oid.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, zinc; -- said of the electricity
of the zincous plate in connection with a copper plate in a voltaic
circle; also, designating the positive pole. [Obs.]

ZINCO-POLAR
Zin`co-po"lar, a. Etym: [Zinco- + polar.] (Elec.)

Defn: Electrically polarized like the surface of the zinc presented
to the acid in a battery, which has zincous affinity. [Obs.]

ZINCOUS
Zinc"ous, a.

1. (Chem.)
(a) Of, pertaining to, or containing, zinc; zincic; as, zincous
salts.
(b) Hence, formerly, basic, basylous, as opposed to chlorous.

2. (Physics)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the positive pole of a galvanic battery;
electro-positive.

ZINGARO
Zin"ga*ro, n.; pl. Zingari. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A gypsy.

ZINGEL
Zing"el, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, edible, freshwater European perch (Aspro zingel),
having a round, elongated body and prominent snout.

ZINGIBERACEOUS
Zin`gi*ber*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. zingiber ginger. See Ginger.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to ginger, or to a tribe (Zingibereæ) of
endogenous plants of the order Scitamineæ. See Scitamineous.

ZINK
Zink, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Zinc. [Obs.]

ZINKENITE
Zink"en*ite, n. Etym: [From Zinken, director at one time of the
Hanoverian mines.] (Min.)

Defn: A steel-gray metallic mineral, a sulphide of antimony and lead.

ZINKY
Zink"y, a.

Defn: See Zincky. Kirwan.

ZINNIA
Zin"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. So called after Professor Zinn, of
Göttingen.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the composite genus Zinnia, Mexican herbs with
opposite leaves and large gay-colored blossoms. Zinnia elegans is the
commonest species in cultivation.

ZINNWALDITE
Zinn"wald*ite, n. Etym: [So called after Zinnwald, in Bohemia, where
it occurs.] (Min.)

Defn: A kind of mica containing lithium, often associated with tin
ore.

ZINSANG
Zin"sang, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The delundung.

ZINZIBERACEOUS
Zin`zi*ber*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Zingiberaceous.

ZION
Zi"on, n. Etym: [Heb. tsiy, originally, a hill.]

1. (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: A hill in Jerusalem, which, after the capture of that city by
the Israelites, became the royal residence of David and his
successors.

2. Hence, the theocracy, or church of God.

3. The heavenly Jerusalem; heaven.

ZIONISM
Zi"on*ism, n.  [Zion + -ism.]

Defn: Among the Jews, a theory, plan, or movement for colonizing
their own race in Palestine, the land of Zion, or, if that is
impracticable, elsewhere, either for religious or nationalizing
purposes; -- called also Zion movement. --Zi"on*ist, n. --
Zi`on*is"tic (#), a.

ZIP
Zip, n. [Imitative.]

Defn: A hissing or sibilant sound such as that made by a flying
bullet.

ZIP
Zip, v. i.

Defn: To make, or move with, such a sound.

ZIPHIOID
Ziph"i*oid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Xiphioid.

ZIRCO-
Zir"co-. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively) designating zirconium
as an element of certain double compounds; zircono-; as in
zircofluoric acid, sodium zircofluoride.

ZIRCOFLUORIDE
Zir`co*flu"or*ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A double fluoride of zirconium and hydrogen, or some other
positive element or radical; as, zircofluoride of sodium.

ZIRCON
Zir"con, n. Etym: [F., the same word as jargon. See Jargon a variety
of zircon.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals, usually of a brown
or gray color. It consists of silica and zirconia. A red variety,
used as a gem, is called hyacinth. Colorless, pale-yellow or smoky-
brown varieties from Ceylon are called jargon. Zircon syenite, a
coarse-grained syenite containing zircon crystals and often also
elæolite. It is largely developed in Southern Norway.

ZIRCONA
Zir"co*na, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: Zirconia.

ZIRCONATE
Zir"con*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of zirconic acid.

ZIRCONIA
Zir*co"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: The oxide of zirconium, obtained as a white powder, and
possessing both acid and basic properties. On account of its
infusibility, and brilliant luminosity when incandescent, it is used
as an ingredient of sticks for the Drummomd light.

ZIRCONIC
Zir*con"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or resembling, zirconium; as,
zirconic oxide; zirconic compounds. Zirconic acid, an acid of
zirconium analogous to carbonic and silicic acids, known only in its
salts.

ZIRCONIUM
Zir*co"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare element of the carbon-silicon group, intermediate
between the metals and nonmetals, obtained from the mineral zircon as
a dark sooty powder, or as a gray metallic crystalline substance.
Symbol Zr. Atomic weight, 90.4.

ZIRCON LIGHT
Zir"con light. (Physics)

Defn: A light, similar to the calcium light, produced by incandescent
zirconia.

ZIRCONO
Zir"co*no.

Defn: See Zirco-.

ZIRCONOID
Zir"con*oid, n. Etym: [Zircon + oid.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A double eight-sided pyramid, a form common with tetragonal
crystals; -- so called because this form often occurs in crystals of
zircon.

ZITHER
Zith"er, n. Etym: [G. zither. See Cittern.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument of music used in Austria and Germany. It has from
thirty to forty wires strung across a shallow sounding-board, which
lies horizontally on a table before the performer, who uses both
hands in playing on it.

Note: [Not to be confounded with the old lute-shaped cittern, or
cithern.]

ZITTERN
Zit"tern, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Cittern.

ZIZANIA
Zi*za"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL., from L. zizanium darnel, cockle, Gr.
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of grasses including Indian rice. See Indian rice,
under Rice.

ZIZEL
Ziz"el, n. Etym: [G. ziesel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The suslik. [Written also zisel.]

ZIZITH
Zi"zith, n. pl. [Heb. tsitsith.]

Defn: The tassels of twisted cords or threads on the corners of the
upper garment worn by strict Jews. The Hebrew for this word is
translated in both the Authorized and Revised Versions (Deut. xxii.
12) by the word "fringes."

ZOANTHACEA
Zo`an*tha"ce*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Actinaria, including Zoanthus and allied genera,
which are permanently attached by their bases.

ZOANTHARIA
Zo`an*tha"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Anthozoa.

ZOANTHARIAN
Zo`an*tha"ri*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Zoantharia.
 -- n.

Defn: One of the Anthozoa.

ZOANTHODEME
Zo*an"tho*deme, n. Etym: [See Zoantharia, and Deme.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The zooids of a compound anthozoan, collectively.

ZOANTHOID
Zo*an"thoid, a. Etym: [See Zoantharia, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Zoanthacea.

ZOANTHROPY
Zo*an"thro*py, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A kind of monomania in which the patient believes himself
transformed into one of the lower animals.

ZOANTHUS
Zo*an"thus, n. Etym: [NL. See Zoantharia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Actinaria, including numerous species, found mostly
in tropical seas. The zooids or polyps resemble small, elongated
actinias united together at their bases by fleshy stolons, and thus
forming extensive groups. The tentacles are small and bright colored.

ZOBO
Zo"bo, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of domestic cattle reared in Asia for its flesh and
milk. It is supposed to be a hybrid between the zebu and the yak.

ZOCCO; ZOCCOLO
Zoc"co, Zoc"co*lo, n. Etym: [It. fr. L. socculus. See Socle, and cf.
Zacco.] (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Socle.

ZOCLE
Zo"cle, n. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Socle.

ZODIAC
Zo"di*ac, n. Etym: [F. zodiaque (cf. It. zodiaco), fr. L. zodiacus,
Gr.

1. (Astron.)
(a) An imaginary belt in the heavens, 16º or 18º broad, in the middle
of which is the ecliptic, or sun's path. It comprises the twelve
constellations, which one constituted, and from which were named, the
twelve signs of the zodiac.
(b) A figure representing the signs, symbols, and constellations of
the zodiac.

2. A girdle; a belt. [Poetic & R.]
By his side, As in a glistering zodiac, hung the sword. Milton.

ZODIACAL
Zo*di"a*cal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zodiacal.] (Astron.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the zodiac; situated within the zodiac; as,
the zodiacal planets. Zodiacal light, a luminous tract of the sky, of
an elongated, triangular figure, lying near the ecliptic, its base
being on the horizon, and its apex at varying altitudes. It is to be
seen only in the evening, after twilight, and in the morning before
dawn. It is supposed to be due to sunlight reflected from multitudes
of meteoroids revolving about the sun nearly in the plane of the
ecliptic.

ZOEA
Zo"ë*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar larval stage of certain decapod Crustacea,
especially of crabs and certain Anomura. [Written also zoæa.]

Note: In this stage the anterior part of the body is relatively
large, and usually bears three or four long spines. The years are
conspicuous, and the antennæ and jaws are long, fringed organs used
in swimming. The thoracic legs are undeveloped or rudimentary, the
abdomen long, slender, and often without appendages. The zoëa, after
casting its shell, changes to a megalops.

ZOETROPE
Zo"e*trope, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An optical toy, in which figures made to revolve on the inside
of a cylinder, and viewed through slits in its circumference, appear
like a single figure passing through a series of natural motions as
if animated or mechanically moved.

ZOHAR
Zo"har, n. Etym: [Heb. z candor, splendor.]

Defn: A Jewish cabalistic book attributed by tradition to Rabbi Simon
ben Yochi, who lived about the end of the 1st century, a. d. Modern
critics believe it to be a compilation of the 13th century. Encyc.
Brit.

ZOIC
Zo"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to animals, or animal life.

ZOIDE
Zo"ide, n. (Biol.)

Defn: See Meride.

ZOILEAN
Zo*il"e*an, a.

Defn: Having the characteristic of Zoilus, a bitter, envious, unjust
critic, who lived about 270 years before Christ.

ZOILISM
Zo"i*lism, n.

Defn: Resemblance to Zoilus in style or manner; carping criticism;
detraction.
Bring candid eyes the perusal of men's works, and let not Zoilism or
detraction blast well-intended labors. Sir T. Browne.

ZOISITE
Zois"ite, n. Etym: [After its discoverer, Von Zois, an Austrian
mineralogist.] (Min.)

Defn: A grayish or whitish mineral occurring in orthorhombic,
prismatic crystals, also in columnar masses. It is a silicate of
alumina and lime, and is allied to epidote.

ZOISM
Zo"ism, n. [Gr. zwh` life + -ism.]

1. Reverence for animal life or belief in animal powers and
influences, as among savages.

2.  (Biol.) A doctrine, now discarded, that the phenomena of life are
due to a peculiar vital principle; the theory of vital force.

ZOKOR
Zo"kor, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Asiatic burrowing rodent (Siphneus aspalax) resembling the
mole rat. It is native of the Altai Mountains.

ZOLAESQUE
Zo`la*esque", a.

Defn: In the style of Zola (see Zolaism).

ZOLAISM
Zo"la*ism, n.

Defn: The literary theories and practices of the French novelist
Emile Zola (1840-1902); naturalism, esp. in a derogatory sense. --
Zo"la*ist, n. -- Zo`la*is"tic (#), a. -- Zo"la*ize (#), v.

ZOLLNER'S LINES
Zöll"ner's lines`. [So called after Friedrich Zöllner, a German
physicist.]

Defn: Parallel lines that are made to appear convergent or divergent
by means of oblique intersections.

ZOLLVEREIN
Zoll"ve*rein`, n. Etym: [G., from zoll duty + verein union.]

Defn: Literally, a customs union; specifically, applied to the
several customs unions successively formed under the leadership of
Prussia among certain German states for establishing liberty of
commerce among themselves and common tariff on imports, exports, and
transit.

Note: In 1834 a zollverein was established which included most of the
principal German states except Austria. This was terminated by the
events of 1866, and in 1867 a more closely organized union was
formed, the administration of which was ultimately merged in that of
the new German empire, with which it nearly corresponds
territorially.

ZOMBORUK
Zom"bo*ruk, n. (Mil.)

Defn: See Zumbooruk.

ZONA
Zo"na, n.; pl. Zonæ. Etym: [L., a girdle. See Zone.]

Defn: A zone or band; a layer. Zona pellucida. Etym: [NL.] (Biol.)
(a) The outer transparent layer, or envelope, of the ovum. It is a
more or less elastic membrane with radiating striæ, and corresponds
to the cell wall of an ordinary cell. See Ovum, and Illust. of
Microscope. (b) The zona radiata.
 -- Zona radiata Etym: [NL.] (Biol.), a radiately striated membrane
situated next the yolk of an ovum, or separated from it by a very
delicate membrane only.

ZONAL
Zon"al, a. Etym: [L. zonalis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a zone; having the form of a zone or zones.
Zonal equation (Crystallog.), the mathematical relation which belongs
to all the planes of a zone, and expresses their common position with
reference to the axes.
 -- Zonal structure (Crystallog.), a structure characterized by the
arrangements of color, inclusions, etc., of a crystal in parallel or
concentric layers, which usually follow the outline of the crystal,
and mark the changes that have taken place during its growth.
 -- Zonal symmetry. (Biol.) See the Note under Symmetry.

ZONAR
Zo"nar, n. Etym: [Mod. Gr. Zone.]

Defn: A belt or girdle which the Christians and Jews of the Levant
were obliged to wear to distinguish them from Mohammedans. [Written
also zonnar.]

ZONARIA
Zo*na"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Mammalia in which the placenta is zonelike.

ZONATE
Zon"ate, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Divided by parallel planes; as, zonate tetraspores, found in
certain red algæ.

ZONE
Zone, n. Etym: [F. zone, L. zona, Gr. j to gird, Zend yah.]

1. A girdle; a cincture. [Poetic]
An embroidered zone surrounds her waist. Dryden.
Loose were her tresses seen, her zone unbound. Collins.

2. (Geog.)

Defn: One of the five great divisions of the earth, with respect to
latitude and temperature.

Note: The zones are five: the torrid zone, extending from tropic to
tropic 46º 56min, or 23º 28min on each side of the equator; two
temperate or variable zones, situated between the tropics and the
polar circles; and two frigid zones, situated between the polar
circles and the poles.
Commerce . . . defies every wind, outrides every tempest, and
invades. Bancroft.

3. (Math.)

Defn: The portion of the surface of a sphere included between two
parallel planes; the portion of a surface of revolution included
between two planes perpendicular to the axis. Davies & Peck (Math.
Dict.)

4. (Nat. Hist.)
(a) A band or stripe extending around a body.
(b) A band or area of growth encircling anything; as, a zone of
evergreens on a mountain; the zone of animal or vegetable life in the
ocean around an island or a continent; the Alpine zone, that part of
mountains which is above the limit of tree growth.

5. (Crystallog.)

Defn: A series of planes having mutually parallel intersections.

6. Circuit; circumference. [R.] Milton. Abyssal zone. (Phys. Geog.)
See under Abyssal.
 -- Zone axis (Crystallog.), a straight line passing through the
center of a crystal, to which all the planes of a given zone are
parallel.

ZONE
Zone, v. t.

Defn: To girdle; to encircle. [R.] Keats.

ZONED
Zoned, a.

1. Wearing a zone, or girdle. Pope.

2. Having zones, or concentric bands; striped.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Zonate.

ZONELESS
Zone"less, a.

Defn: Not having a zone; ungirded.
The reeling goddess with the zoneless waist. Cowper.
In careless folds, loose fell her zoneless vest. Mason.

ZONNAR
Zon"nar, n.

Defn: See Zonar.

ZONULAR
Zon"u*lar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a zone; zone-shaped. "The zonular type of a
placenta." Dana.

ZONULE
Zon"ule, n.

Defn: A little zone, or girdle.

ZONULET
Zon"u*let, n.

Defn: A zonule. Herrick.

ZONURE
Zon"ure, n. Etym: [Zone + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several of South African lizards of the genus
Zonura, common in rocky situations.

ZOO-; ZOOE-
Zo"ö-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. zwo^,n an animal, as in zoögenic,
zoölogy, etc.

ZOOCHEMICAL; ZOOECHEMICAL
Zo`ö*chem"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to zoöchemistry.

ZOOCHEMISTRY; ZOOECHEMISTRY
Zo`ö*chem"is*try, n. Etym: [Zoö- + chemistry.]

Defn: Animal chemistry; particularly, the description of the chemical
compounds entering into the composition of the animal body, in
distinction from biochemistry.

ZOOCHEMY; ZOOECHEMY
Zo*öch"e*my, n. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr.

Defn: Animal chemistry; zoöchemistry. Dunglison.

ZOOCHLORELLA; ZOOECHLORELLA
Zo`ö*chlo*rel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the small green granulelike bodies found in the interior
of certain stentors, hydras, and other invertebrates.

ZOOCYST; ZOOECYST
Zo"ö*cyst, n. Etym: [Zoö- + cyst.] (Biol.)

Defn: A cyst formed by certain Protozoa and unicellular plants which
the contents divide into a large number of granules, each of which
becomes a germ.

ZOOCYTIUM; ZOOECYTIUM
Zo`ö*cy"ti*um, n.; pl. Zoöcytia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common support, often branched, of certain species of
social Infusoria.

ZOODENDRIUM; ZOOEDENDRIUM
Zo`ö*den"dri*um, n.; pl. Zoödendria. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The branched, and often treelike, support of the colonies of
certain Infusoria.

ZOOECIUM
Zo*oe"ci*um, n.; pl. Zooecia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the cells or tubes which inclose the feeling zooids of
Bryozoa. See Illust. of Sea Moss.

ZOOERYTHRINE; ZOOEERYTHRINE
Zo`ö*e*ryth"rine, n. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar organic red coloring matter found in the feathers of
various birds.

ZOOGAMOUS; ZOOEGAMOUS
Zo*ög"a*mous, a. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining zoögamy.

ZOOGAMY; ZOOEGAMY
Zo*ög"a*my, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The sexual reproduction of animals.

ZOOGENIC; ZOOEGENIC
Zo`ö*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Zoö- + -gen + -ic: cf. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoögeny, animal production.

ZOOGENY; ZOOEGENY; ZOOGONY; ZOOEGONY
Zo*ög"e*ny, Zo*ög"o*ny, n. Etym: [Zoö- + root of Gr.

Defn: The doctrine of the formation of living beings.

ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL; ZOOEGEOGRAPHICAL
Zo`ö*ge`o*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoögraphy.

ZOOGEOGRAPHY; ZOOEGEOGRAPHY
Zo`ö*ge*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Zoö- + geography.]

Defn: The study or description of the geographical distribution of
animals.

ZOOGLOEA; ZOOEGLOEA
Zo`ö*gloe"a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A colony or mass of bacteria imbedded in a viscous gelatinous
substance. The zoögloea is characteristic of a transitory stage
through which rapidly multiplying bacteria pass in the course of
their evolution. Also used adjectively.

ZOOGRAPHER; ZOOEGRAPHER
Zo*ög"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who describes animals, their forms and habits.

ZOOGRAPHIC; ZOOEGRAPHIC; ZOOGRAPHICAL; ZOOEGRAPHICAL
Zo`ö*graph"ic, Zo`ö*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zoographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the description of animals.

ZOOGRAPHIST; ZOOEGRAPHIST
Zo*ög"ra*phist, n.

Defn: A zoögrapher.

ZOOGRAPHY; ZOOEGRAPHY
Zo*ög"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Zoö- + -graphy: cf. F. zoographie.]

Defn: A description of animals, their forms and habits.

ZOOID
Zo"oid, a. Etym: [Zoö- + -oid.] (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, an animal.

ZOOID
Zo"oid, n.

1. (Biol.)

Defn: An organic body or cell having locomotion, as a spermatic cell
or spermatozooid.

2. (Zoöl.)
(a) An animal in one of its inferior stages of development, as one of
the intermediate forms in alternate generation.
(b) One of the individual animals in a composite group, as of
Anthozoa, Hydroidea, and Bryozoa; -- sometimes restricted to those
individuals in which the mouth and digestive organs are not
developed.

ZOOIDAL
Zo*oid"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a zooid; as, a zooidal form.

ZOOLATRY; ZOOELATRY
Zo*öl"a*try, n. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr.

Defn: The worship of animals.

ZOOLOGER; ZOOELOGER
Zo*öl"o*ger, n.

Defn: A zoölogist. Boyle.

ZOOLOGICAL; ZOOELOGICAL
Zo`ö*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zoologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoölogy, or the science of animals.

ZOOLOGICALLY; ZOOELOGICALLY
Zo`ö*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a zoölogical manner; according to the principles of zoölogy.

ZOOLOGIST; ZOOELOGIST
Zo*öl"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. zoologiste.]

Defn: One who is well versed in zoölogy.

ZOOLOGIZE
Zo*öl"o*gize, v. i.

Defn: To study zoölogy; esp., to collect animals for study.

ZOOLOGY; ZOOELOGY
Zo*öl"o*gy, n.; pl. Zoölogies. Etym: [Zoö- + -logy: cf. F. zoologie.
See Zodiac.]

1. That part of biology which relates to the animal kingdom,
including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification,
habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct.

2. A treatise on this science.

ZOOMELANIN; ZOOEMELANIN
Zo`ö*mel"a*nin, n. Etym: [Zoö- + melanin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A pigment giving the black color to the feathers of many birds.

ZOOMORPHIC; ZOOEMORPHIC
Zo`ö*mor"phic, a. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoömorphism.

ZOOMORPHISM; ZOOEMORPHISM
Zo`ö*mor"phism, n.

1. The transformation of men into beasts. [R.] Smart.

2. The quality of representing or using animal forms; as, zoömorphism
in ornament.

3. The representation of God, or of gods, in the form, or with the
attributes, of the lower animals.
To avoid the error of anthropomorphism, we fall into the vastly
greater, and more absurd, error of zoömorphism. Mivart.

ZOON; ZOOEN
Zo"ön, n.; pl. Zoa. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
(a) An animal which is the sole product of a single egg; -- opposed
to zooid. H. Spencer.
(b) Any one of the perfectly developed individuals of a compound
animal.

ZOONIC; ZOOENIC
Zo*ön"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. zoonique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to animals; obtained from animal substances.

ZOONITE; ZOOENITE
Zo"ö*nite, n. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of the segments of the body of an articulate animal.
(b) One of the theoretic transverse divisions of any segmented
animal.

ZOONOMY; ZOOENOMY
Zo*ön"o*my, n. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr. zoonomie.]

Defn: The laws animal life, or the science which treats of the
phenomena of animal life, their causes and relations.

ZOONULE; ZOOENULE
Zo"ö*nule, n. Etym: [Dim. fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Zoönite.

ZOOPATHOLOGY; ZOOEPATHOLOGY
Zo`ö*pa*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Zoö- + pathology.]

Defn: Animal pathology.

ZOOPHAGA; ZOOEPHAGA
Zo*öph"a*ga, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An artificial group comprising various carnivorous and
insectivorous animals.

ZOOPHAGAN; ZOOEPHAGAN
Zo*öph"a*gan, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A animal that feeds on animal food.

ZOOPHAGOUS; ZOOEPHAGOUS
Zo*öph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Feeding on animals.

Note: This is a more general term than either sarcophagous or
carnivorous.

ZOOPHILIST; ZOOEPHILIST
Zo*öph"i*list, n. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr.

Defn: A lover of animals. Southey.

ZOOPHILY; ZOOEPHILY
Zo*öph"i*ly, n.

Defn: Love of animals.

ZOOPHITE; ZOOEPHITE
Zo"ö*phite, n.

Defn: A zoöphyte. [R.]

ZOOPHORIC; ZOOEPHORIC
Zo`ö*phor"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. zoophorique.]

Defn: Bearing or supporting the figure of an animal; as, a zoöphoric
column.

ZOOPHOROUS; ZOOEPHOROUS
Zo*öph"o*rous, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Zoöphoric.] (Anc. Arch.)

Defn: The part between the architrave and cornice; the frieze; -- so
called from the figures of animals carved upon it.

ZOOPHYTA; ZOOEPHYTA
Zo*öph"y*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive artificial and heterogeneous group of animals,
formerly adopted by many zoölogists. It included the coelenterates,
echinoderms, sponges, Bryozoa, Protozoa, etc.

Note: Sometimes the name is restricted to the Coelentera, or to the
Anthozoa.

ZOOPHYTE; ZOOEPHYTE
Zo"ö*phyte, n. Etym: [F. zoophyte, Gr. Zodiac, and Be, v. i.] (Zoöl.)
(a) Any one of numerous species of invertebrate animals which more or
less resemble plants in appearance, or mode of growth, as the corals,
gorgonians, sea anemones, hydroids, bryozoans, sponges, etc.,
especially any of those that form compound colonies having a branched
or treelike form, as many corals and hydroids.
(b) Any one of the Zoöphyta.

ZOOPHYTIC; ZOOEPHYTIC; ZOOPHYTICAL; ZOOEPHYTICAL
Zo`ö*phyt"ic, Zo`ö*phyt"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zoophytique.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoöphytes.

ZOOPHYTOID; ZOOEPHYTOID
Zo*öph"y*toid, a. Etym: [Zoöphyte + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a zoöphyte.

ZOOPHYTOLOGICAL; ZOOEPHYTOLOGICAL
Zo`ö*phyt`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zoophytologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoöphytology; as, zoöphytological
observations.

ZOOPHYTOLOGY; ZOOEPHYTOLOGY
Zo*öph`y*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Zoöphyte + -logy: cf. F. zoophytologie.]

Defn: The natural history zoöphytes.

ZOOPRAXISCOPE; ZOOEPRAXISCOPE
Zo`ö*prax"i*scope, n. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr. -scope.]

Defn: An instrument similar to, or the same as, the, the
phenakistoscope, by means of which pictures projected upon a screen
are made to exhibit the natural movements of animals, and the like.

ZOOPSYCHOLOGY; ZOOEPSYCHOLOGY
Zo`ö*psy*chol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Zoö- + psychology.]

Defn: Animal psychology.

ZOOSPERM; ZOOESPERM
Zo"ö*sperm, n. Etym: [Zoö- + sperm.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of the spermatic particles; spermatozoid.

ZOOSPORANGIUM; ZOOESPORANGIUM
Zo`ö*spo*ran"gi*um, n.; pl. -sporangia. Etym: [NL. See Zoö-, and
Sporangium.] (Bot.)

Defn: A spore, or conceptacle containing zoöspores.

ZOOSPORE; ZOOESPORE
Zo"ö*spore, n. Etym: [Zoö- + spore.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A spore provided with one or more slender cilia, by the
vibration of which it swims in the water. Zoöspores are produced by
many green, and by some olive-brown, algæ. In certain species they
are divided into the larger macrozoöspores and the smaller
microzoöspores. Called also sporozoid, and swarmspore.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Swarmspore.

ZOOSPORIC; ZOOESPORIC
Zo`ö*spor"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoöspores; of the nature of zoöspores.

ZOOTIC; ZOOETIC
Zo*öt"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Containing the remains of organized bodies; -- said of rock or
soil.

ZOOTOMICAL; ZOOETOMICAL
Zo`ö*tom"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zootomique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoötomy.

ZOOTOMIST; ZOOETOMIST
Zo*öt"o*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. zootomiste.]

Defn: One who dissects animals, or is skilled in zoötomy.

ZOOTOMY; ZOOETOMY
Zo*öt"o*my, n. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr. zootomie.]

Defn: The dissection or the anatomy of animals; -- distinguished from
androtomy.

ZOOTROPHIC; ZOOETROPHIC
Zo`ö*troph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Zoö-, and Trophic.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the nourishment of animals.

ZOOZOO
Zoo"zoo`, n. Etym: [Of imitative origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wood pigeon. [Prov. Eng.]

ZOPE
Zope, n. Etym: [G.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European fresh-water bream (Abramis ballerus).

ZOPILOTE
Zo"pi*lote, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The urubu, or American black vulture.

ZORIL
Zor"il, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Zorilla.

ZORILLA
Zo*ril"la, n. Etym: [Sp. zorilla, zorillo, dim. of zorra, zorro, a
fox: cf. F. zorille.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Either one of two species of small African carnivores of the
genus Ictonyx allied to the weasels and skunks. [Written also zoril,
and zorille.]

Note: The best-known species (Ictonyx zorilla) has black shiny fur
with white bands and spots. It has anal glands which produce a very
offensive secretion, similar to that of the skunk. It feeds upon
birds and their eggs and upon small mammals, and is often very
destructive to poultry. It is sometimes tamed by the natives, and
kept to destroy rats and mice. Called also mariput, Cape polecat, and
African polecat. The name is sometimes erroneously applied to the
American skunk.

ZOROASTRIAN
Zo`ro*as"tri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Zoroaster, or his religious system.

ZOROASTRIAN
Zo`ro*as"tri*an, n.

Defn: A follower of Zoroaster; one who accepts Zoroastrianism.

ZOROASTRIANISM
Zo`ro*as"tri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The religious system of Zoroaster, the legislator and prophet
of the ancient Persians, which was the national faith of Persia;
mazdeism. The system presupposes a good spirit (Ormuzd) and an
opposing evil spirit (Ahriman). Cf. Fire worship, under Fire, and
Parsee.

ZOROASTRISM
Zo`ro*as"trism, n.

Defn: Same as Zoroastrianism. Tylor.

ZOSTER
Zos"ter, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Zone.] (Med.)

Defn: Shingles.

ZOSTERA
Zos"te*ra, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the Naiadaceæ, or Pondweed family. Zostera
marina is commonly known as sea wrack, and eelgrass.

ZOSTEROPS
Zos"ter*ops, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds that comprises the white-eyes. See White-eye.

ZOUAVE
Zouave, n. Etym: [F., fr. Ar. Zouaoua a tribe of Kabyles living among
the Jurjura mountains in Algeria.] (Mil.)
(a) One of an active and hardy body of soldiers in the French
service, originally Arabs, but now composed of Frenchmen who wear the
Arab dress.
(b) Hence, one of a body of soldiers who adopt the dress and drill of
the Zouaves, as was done by a number of volunteer regiments in the
army of the United States in the Civil War, 1861-65.

ZOUNDS
Zounds, interj. Etym: [Contracted from God's wounds.]

Defn: An exclamation formerly used as an oath, and an expression of
anger or wonder.

ZOUTCH
Zoutch, v. t. (Cookery)

Defn: To stew, as flounders, eels, etc., with just enough or liquid
to cover them. Smart.

ZUBR
Zubr, n. Etym: [Polish .] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The aurochs.

ZUCHE
Zuche, n.

Defn: A stump of a tree. Cowell.

ZUCHETTO
Zu*chet"to, n. Etym: [It. zucchetto.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A skullcap covering the tonsure, worn under the berretta. The
pope's is white; a cardinal's red; a bishop's purple; a priest's
black.

ZUFOLO
Zu"fo*lo, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A little flute or flageolet, especially that which is used to
teach birds. [Written also zuffolo.]

ZUIAN
Zu"ñi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pert. to the Zuñis, or designating their linguistic
stock. --n.

Defn: A Zuñi.

ZUISIN
Zui"sin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American widgeon. [Local, U. S.]

ZULU
Zu"lu, n. [Also Zooloo.]

1. Any member of the tribe of Zulus; a Zulu-Kaffir. See Zulus.

2.  (Philol.) One of the most important members of the South African,
or Bantu, family of languages, spoken partly in Natal and partly in
Zululand, but understood, and more or less in use, over a wide
territory, at least as far north as the Zambezi; -- called also Zulu-
Kaffir.

ZULU-KAFFIR
Zu"lu-Kaf"fir, n.

Defn: A member of the Bantu race comprising the Zulus and the
Kaffirs.

ZULUS
Zu"lus, n. pl.; sing. Zulu (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: The most important tribe belonging to the Kaffir race. They
inhabit a region on the southeast coast of Africa, but formerly
occupied a much more extensive country. They are noted for their
warlike disposition, courage, and military skill.

ZUMBOORUK
Zum*boo"ruk, n. Etym: [Turk. & Ar. zamb, fr. Ar. zamb a hornet.]
(Mil.)

Defn: A small cannon supported by a swiveled rest on the back of a
camel, whence it is fired, -- used in the East.

ZUMIC; ZUMOLOGICAL; ZUMOLOGY; ZUMOMETER
Zu"mic, a., Zu`mo*log"ic*al, a., Zu*mol"o*gy, n., Zu*mom"e*ter, n.,
etc.

Defn: See Zymic, Zymological, etc.

ZUNIS
Zu"nis, n. pl.; sing. Zuni (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Pueblo Indians occupying a village in New Mexico, on
the Zuni River.

ZUNYITE
Zun"yite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A fluosilicate of alumina occurring in tetrahedral crystals at
the Zuñi mine in Colorado.

ZWANZIGER
Zwan"zi*ger, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: Am Austrian silver coin equivalent to 20 kreutzers, or about 10
cents.

ZWIEBACK
Zwie"back`, n. [G., fr. zwie-two, twice (see Twice) + backen to
bake.]

Defn: A kind of biscuit or  rusk first baked in a loaf and afterwards
cut and toasted.

ZWINGLIAN
Zwing"li*an, a. (Theol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Ulric Zwingli (1481-1531), the reformer of
German Switzerland, who maintained that in the Lord's Supper the true
body of Christ is present by the contemplation of faith but not in
essence or reality, and that the sacrament is a memorial without
mystical elements. -- n.

Defn: A follower of Zwingli.

ZYGANTRUM
Zy*gan"trum, n.; pl. Zygantra. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: See under Zygosphene.

ZYGAPOPHYSIS
Zyg`a*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. Zygapophyses. Etym: [Gr. apophysis.]
(Anat.)

Defn: One of the articular processes of a vertebra, of which there
are usually four, two anterior and two posterior. See under Vertebra.
 -- Zyg`ap*o*phys"i*al, a.

ZYGENID
Zyg"e*nid, n. Etym: [Cf. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of moths of the family Zygænidæ,
most of which are bright colored. The wood nymph and the vine
forester are examples. Also used adjectively.

ZYGOBRANCHIA
Zyg`o*bran"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of marine gastropods in which the gills are
developed on both sides of the body and the renal organs are also
paired. The abalone (Haliotis) and the keyhole limpet (Fissurella)
are examples.

ZYGOBRANCHIATE
Zyg`o*bran"chi*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Zygobranchia.

ZYGODACTYL; ZYGODACTYLE
Zyg`o*dac"tyl, Zyg`o*dac"tyle, n. Etym: [See Zygodactylic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any zygodactylous bird.

ZYGODACTYLAE
Zyg`o*dac"ty*læ, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The zygodactylous birds. In a restricted sense applied to a
division of birds which includes the barbets, toucans, honey guides,
and other related birds.

ZYGODACTYLI
Zyg`o*dac"ty*li, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Scansores.

ZYGODACTYLIC; ZYGODACTYLOUS
Zyg`o*dac"ty*lic, Zyg`o*dac"tyl*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. zygodactyle.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Yoke-footed; having the toes disposed in pairs; -- applied to
birds which have two toes before and two behind, as the parrot,
cuckoo, woodpecker, etc.

ZYGOMA
Zy*go"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)
(a) The jugal, malar, or cheek bone.
(b) The zygomatic process of the temporal bone.
(c) The whole zygomatic arch.

ZYGOMATIC
Zyg`o*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zygomatique.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the zygoma. Zygomatic
arch, the arch of bone beneath the orbit, formed in most mammals by
the union of the malar, or jugal, with the zygomatic process of the
temporal bone. In the lower vertebrates other bones may help to form
it, and there may be two arches on each side of the skull, as in some
reptiles.
 -- Zygomatic process, a process of the temporal or squamosal bone
helping to form the zygomatic arch.

ZYGOMORPHIC; ZYGOMORPHOUS
Zyg`o*mor"phic, Zyg`o*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Symmetrical bilaterally; -- said of organisms, or parts of
organisms, capable of division into two symmetrical halves only in a
single plane.

ZYGOPHYTE
Zy"go*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of a proposed class or grand division (Zygophytes,
Zygophyta, or Zygosporeæ), in which reproduction consists in the
union of two similar cells. Cf. Oöphyte.

ZYGOSIS
Zy*go"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Conjugation.

ZYGOSPERM
Zyg"o*sperm, n. Etym: [Gr. sperm.] (Bot.)

Defn: A spore formed by the union of the contents of two similar
cells, either of the same or of distinct individual plants.
Zygosperms are found in certain orders of algæ and fungi.

ZYGOSPHENE
Zyg"o*sphene, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A median process on the front part of the neural arch of the
vertebræ of most snakes and some lizards, which fits into a fossa,
called the zygantrum, on the back part of the arch in front.

ZYGOSPORE
Zyg"o*spore, n. Etym: [Gr. spore.] (Bot.)
(a) Same as Zygosperm.
(b) A spore formed by the union of several zoöspores; -- called also
zygozoöspore.

ZYLONITE
Zy"lon*ite, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Celluloid.

ZYMASE
Zym"ase, n. Etym: [From Zyme.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A soluble ferment, or enzyme. See Enzyme.

ZYME
Zyme, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A ferment.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The morbific principle of a zymotic disease. Quain.

ZYMIC
Zym"ic, a. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or produced by, fermentation; -- formerly, by
confusion, used to designate lactic acid.

ZYMOGEN
Zym"o*gen, n. Etym: [Zyme + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A mother substance, or antecedent, of an enzyme or chemical
ferment; -- applied to such substances as, not being themselves
actual ferments, may by internal changes give rise to a ferment.
The pancreas contains but little ready-made ferment, though there is
present in it a body, zymogen, which gives birth to the ferment.
Foster.

ZYMOGENE
Zym"o*gene, n. Etym: [Zyme + root of Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: One of a physiological group of globular bacteria which
produces fermentations of diverse nature; -- distinguished from
pathogene.

ZYMOGENIC
Zym`o*gen"ic, a. (Biol.)
(a) Pertaining to, or formed by, a zymogene.
(b) Capable of producing a definite zymogen or ferment. Zymogenic
organism (Biol.), a microörganism, such as the yeast plant of the
Bacterium lactis, which sets up certain fermentative processes by
which definite chemical products are formed; -- distinguished from a
pathogenic organism. Cf. Micrococcus.

ZYMOLOGIC; ZYMOLOGICAL
Zy`mo*log"ic, Zy`mo*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zymologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to zymology.

ZYMOLOGIST
Zy*mol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is skilled in zymology, or in the fermentation of
liquors.

ZYMOLOGY
Zy*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Zyme + -logy: cf. F. zymologie.]

Defn: A treatise on the fermentation of liquors, or the doctrine of
fermentation. [Written also zumology.]

ZYMOLYSIS
Zy*mol"y*sis, n. [NL. See Zyme, and Lysis.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The action of enzymes; also, the changes produced by such
action. --Zy`mo*lyt"ic (#), a.



ZYMOME
Zy"mome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Old Chem.)

Defn: A glutinous substance, insoluble in alcohol, resembling
legumin; -- now called vegetable fibrin, vegetable albumin, or gluten
casein.

ZYMOMETER; ZYMOSIMETER
Zy*mom"e*ter, Zy`mo*sim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F.
zymosimètre.]

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the degree of fermentation
occasioned by the mixture of different liquids, and the degree of
heat which they acquire in fermentation.

ZYMOPHYTE
Zym"o*phyte, n. Etym: [Zyme + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A bacteroid ferment.

ZYMOSE
Zy*mose", n. (Chem.)

Defn: Invertin.

ZYMOSIS
Zy*mo"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
(a) A fermentation; hence, an analogous process by which an
infectious disease is believed to be developed.
(b) A zymotic disease. [R.]

ZYMOTIC
Zy*mot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Of, pertaining to, or caused by, fermentation.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, a certain class of diseases. See
Zymotic disease, below. Zymotic disease (Med.), any epidemic,
endemic, contagious, or sporadic affection which is produced by some
morbific principle or organism acting on the system like a ferment.

ZYTHEM
Zy"them, n.

Defn: See Zythum.

ZYTHEPSARY
Zy*thep"sa*ry, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A brewery. [R.]

ZYTHUM
Zy"thumn. Etym: [L.fr. Gr.

Defn: A kind of ancient malt beverage; a liquor made from malt and
wheat. [Written also zythem.]






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